bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bleeding phenotype of patients with moderate haemophilia A and B assessed by thromboelastometry and thrombin generation
Authors: Måseide Ragnhild J. , Berntorp Erik , Nummi Vuokko , Lassila Riitta , Tjønnfjord Geir E. , Holme Pål A.
Published: June 2021

Introduction

Predicting the bleeding phenotype is crucial for the management of patients with moderate haemophilia. Global coagulation assays evaluate haemostasis more comprehensively than conventional methods.

Aim

To explore global coagulation assays and the bleeding phenotype of patients with moderate haemophilia A (MHA) and B (MHB).

Methods

The MoHem study is a cross‐sectional, multicentre study covering Nordic patients with MHA and MHB. Thromboelastometry in whole blood and thrombin generation (TG) in platelet‐poor plasma (1, 2.5 and 5 pM tissue factor (TF)) were compared with joint health (Haemophilia Joint Health Score (HJHS)) and treatment modality.

Results

We report on 61 patients from Oslo and Helsinki: 24 MHA and 37 MHB. By TG (2.5 pM TF), patients who had been without replacement therapy during the previous 12 months depicted higher endogenous thrombin potential (P = .03). In contrast, those who had low ETP (< median) captured higher HJHS (P = .02). Patients who had undergone orthopaedic surgery generated least thrombin (P = .02). By thromboelastometry, those without the need of factor consumption had short clotting times, and quick times to maximum velocity (< median values) (P = .03). Factor VIII/factor IX activity (FVIII/FIX:C) did not align with the bleeding phenotype, but FIX:C ≤ 3 IU/dL was associated with lower peak thrombin (P = .03).

Conclusion

TG differentiated patients with moderate haemophilia according to HJHS, annual factor consumption, and whether orthopaedic surgery had been performed. Thromboelastometry differentiated according to factor consumption only. Global coagulation assays may assist predicting the bleeding phenotype in moderate haemophilia.
The Third Crusade in historiographical perspective
Authors: Spencer Stephen J.
Published: June 2021

The Third Crusade (1187–1192) is renowned as a conflict between King Richard I of England and the Muslim Sultan Saladin—a reductionist perspective that reflects an enduring fascination with these protagonists both inside and outside academia. In fact, the expedition was significantly more diverse, with the German emperor, Frederick Barbarossa, and the king of France, Philip Augustus, leading major contingents to the East, while a number of smaller‐scale expeditions also constituted part of the overall Third Crusade. This article surveys key developments in the enterprise's historiography—focusing primarily on the crusading careers of Richard, Frederick and Philip—and introduces the main sources. It suggests that hindsight has played a surprisingly prominent role in directing scholarly interpretations and that historiography has gradually diversified during the 20th and 21st centuries, moving away from the traditional Richard versus Saladin narrative to explore understudied individuals, events and themes.
5. FAMILY LAW MATTERS
Authors: SURKIS JUDITH
Published: June 2021

This essay analyzes how new histories of family law help to dismantle developmentalist accounts of legal, economic, and political modernity. Far from being backwaters, they have recently emerged as sites of theoretical and practical innovation. Recombining methodologies from genealogy to social reproduction theory and psychoanalysis, they do more than denaturalize categories, destabilize familiar narratives, and demonstrate ideological contradictions (although they do that too). Motivated by a sense of what is lost theoretically and politically by the family's historical and juridical marginalization, they reinvigorate legal history by locating the problem of the family at the center of broader critical projects.
Inhibition of lipid damage in refrigerated salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) by a combined treatment of CO2 packaging and high‐pressure processing
Authors: Zhang Bin , Pérez‐Won Mario , Tabilo‐Munizaga Gipsy , Aubourg Santiago P.
Published: June 2021

The effect of a previous combined treatment (CO2‐enriched modified atmosphere packaging, MAP and high‐pressure processing, HPP, 150 MPa/5 min) on lipid stability of refrigerated (10 days/4 °C) salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) was studied. The following processing conditions were compared: B‐0 (fish without MAP or HPP), B‐1 (fish packaged under MAP and without HPP), B‐2 (fish subjected to HPP without MAP) and B‐3 (fish subjected to MAP and HPP). An inhibitory effect (P < 0.05) on lipid hydrolysis and oxidation was obtained by the presence of CO2 in the packaging medium; values detected at day 10 for B‐0 and B‐1 fish were 80.72 and 49.61 (g free fatty acids, FFA, kg−1 lipids), 6.14 and 2.81 (meq active oxygen kg−1 lipids; peroxide value), 5.05 and 3.10 (mg malondialdehyde kg−1 muscle), and 5.56 and 2.70 (fluorescence ratio), respectively. Furthermore, inhibition of lipid damage was observed for HPP alone; values detected at day 10 for B‐2 fish were 76.24 (g FFA kg−1 lipids) and 5.28 (meq active oxygen kg−1 lipids). The lowest average values for lipid hydrolysis and oxidation were obtained in samples corresponding to the combined treatment (B‐3 batch), differences being significant (P < 0.05) at day 10 for FFA (41.43 g kg−1 lipids), peroxide (1.84 meq kg−1 lipids) and fluorescence (2.50) values.
Development of a continuous membrane nanobubble generation method applicable in liquid food processing
Authors: Dhungana Pramesh , Bhandari Bhesh
Published: June 2021

A novel continuous nanobubble generation method was developed using a commercial ceramic membrane as a nanobubble generator. CO2 and air were infused externally across the ceramic membrane (pore size 50 nm) into the water flowing inside the ceramic membrane tube. Infusion of each gas was done in a single (20 s) and multiple passes (180 s) at 20–21°C. Results showed that gaseous nanobubbles could be generated even in a single pass. Low power ultrasound (200 kHz, 30W) was applied for the rapid assessment of nanobubble stability. Single‐pass ultrasound treatment of the samples was carried out at two levels: 2.6 and 5.1 J mL−1. Among the samples in which gases were infused for multiple passes, air nanobubbles were found more stable than CO2. In contrast, an opposite trend was observed in those samples in which gases were infused in the single‐pass only (20 s). This process has the potential to be applied to food processing industries, such as to enhance the products’ sensory attributes, the efficiency of membrane separation, food drying and liquid food transportation systems.
Identification of haloarchaea during fermentation of Sardinellalongiceps for being the starter culture to accelerate fish sauce production
Authors: Kamala Kannan , Sivaperumal Pitchiah , Paray Bilal Ahamad , Al‐Sadoon Mohammad K.
Published: June 2021

The present study was aimed to improve the value of native species Sardinella longiceps by fermentation method. Throughout the fermentation process, Halophilic archaeal diversity (103–107 log CFU/g) with their biochemical changes was observed. Overall, 67 archaeal isolates were isolated in various stages of fermentation and its belonging to sixteen genera dominated by Halobacterium (16), Natronobacterium (9), Halococcus (8), Halomicrobium (5), Halorubrum (4) and Haloalkalicoccus (4) which were identified by 16S rRNAgene analysis. During the fish sauce fermentation, Halobacterium sp. S12FS1 was predominant and it has significantly reduced (75%) the maturation time from 12 months into 4 months with an effective biochemical changes and potential protease and lipase enzyme activities. The sensory evaluation of archaeal fermented samples has received higher level (9.1 ± 0.48) of acceptability than control (7.4 ± 0.43). Hence, the implementation of present work will be successful at commercial level and will support directly to fishery products development globally.
The ABCDE bundle implementation in an intensive care unit: Facilitators and barriers perceived by nurses and doctors
Authors: Negro Alessandra , Bambi Stefano , De Vecchi Matteo , Isotti Pietro , Villa Giulia , Miconi Lucia , Dossi Mauro , Ponzetta Giuseppe , Rinaldi Luigi , Radaelli Chiara , Caballo Cristina , Leggieri Carlo , Colombo Sergio , Cabrini Luca , Manara Duilio F. , Zangrillo Alberto
Published: June 2021

Aim

To describe the facilitators and barriers perceived by healthcare teams after the implementation of the Awakening, Breathing, Coordination, Delirium monitoring/management and Early mobility bundle in an intensive care unit in Italy. This multicomponent intervention strategy has been associated with lower probabilities of delirium, improved functional outcomes and shorter duration of mechanical ventilation.

Methods

A survey study conducted between June 2015 and May 2016 explored variables related to intensive care unit team members: perceptions of delirium; knowledge of the Awakening, Breathing, Coordination, Delirium monitoring/management and Early mobility bundle; teamwork perception and resource availability.

Results

Most of the participants affirmed having reasonable knowledge of delirium, outcomes of delirious episodes, Awakening, Breathing, Coordination, Delirium monitoring/management and Early mobility bundle components and their effectiveness. Low coordination between healthcare professionals was identified as a barrier. Overall, the time elapsing from the beginning of implementation of the bundle determined an increase in levels of awareness and confidence in the application of the bundle protocol and the Confusion Assessment Method Intensive Care Unit scale.

Conclusion

Issues with the Awakening, Breathing, Coordination, Delirium monitoring/management and Early mobility bundle relating to coordination, management and interdisciplinary ward rounds are critical and should be remedied and monitored. This study could provide the basis for improving bundle implementation strategies and surveying levels of progression in other intensive care units.
The Decent Work Questionnaire: Psychometric properties of the Italian version
Authors: Ferraro Tânia , dos Santos Nuno Rebelo , Pais Leonor , Zappalà Salvatore , Moreira João Manuel
Published: June 2021

Decent work is an integrative concept that may account for several labor‐related issues. It represents the defence and promotion of human rights at work and business and the fulfilling and productive work maintained with social dialogue. Previous studies developed the Decent Work Questionnaire (Ferraro, Pais, dos Santos, et al., 2018) based on International Labor Organization propositions and workers' perceptions. The paper reports the adaptation and validation of its Italian version in a high‐skilled workers sample (N = 1,465). Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the original version's structural dimensions and good internal consistency reliability. Convergent and discriminant validity, tested using work engagement and personal burnout scales, were supported by the data. Therefore, the DWQ Italian version appears to yield reliable and valid data as a Decent Work measure in Italian workplaces.
Evaluation of image‐based prognostic parameters of post‐prostatectomy urinary incontinence: A literature review
Authors: Colarieti Anna , Thiruchelvam Nikesh , Barrett Tristan
Published: June 2021

Prostate cancer is the second most common male cancer, and radical prostatectomy is a highly effective treatment for intermediate and high‐risk disease. However, post‐prostatectomy urinary incontinence remains a major functional side‐effect in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. Despite recent improvements in preoperative imaging quality and surgical techniques, it remains challenging to predict or prevent occurrence of this complication. The aim of this research was to review the current published literature on pre‐ and postoperative imaging evaluation of the prostate and pelvic structures, to identify added value in the prediction of post‐prostatectomy urinary incontinence. A computerized bibliographic search of the PubMed library was carried out to identify imaging‐based articles evaluating the pelvic floor and surrounding structures pre‐ and/or postradical prostatectomy to predict post‐prostatectomy urinary incontinence. A total of 32 articles were included. Of these, 29 papers assessed the importance of magnetic resonance imaging evaluation, with a total of 16 parameters evaluated. The most common parameters were intravesical protrusion, the membranous urethral length, prostatic volume and periurethral fibrosis. Preoperative membranous urethral length and its preservation after surgery showed the strongest correlation with urinary incontinence. Three studies evaluated ultrasound, with all carried out postoperatively. This technique benefits from a dynamic evaluation, and the results are promising for proximal urethral hypermobility and the degree of bladder neck funneling on the Valsalva maneuver. Several imaging studies evaluated the predictors of post‐prostatectomy urinary incontinence, with preoperative membranous urethral length offering the most promise. However, the current literature is limited by the single‐center nature of studies, and the heterogeneity in patient populations and methodologies used.
The health impacts of ambient air pollution in Australia: a systematic literature review
Authors: Walter Clare M. , Schneider‐Futschik Elena K. , Lansbury Nina L. , Sly Peter D. , Head Brian W. , Knibbs Luke D.
Published: June 2021

Ambient (outdoor) air pollution is a key risk factor for health for which effective policy plays an important preventative role. Australian federal and related state air quality standards have historically relied on international evidence for guidance, which may not accurately reflect the Australian context. However, there has been a large increase in Australian epidemiological studies over recent years. The aim of this study is to provide an updated systematic literature review of peer‐reviewed epidemiological studies that examined the health impacts of outdoor air pollution in Australia, including short‐ and long‐term exposure. Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic literature review. Broad search terms were applied to two databases (PubMed and Web of Science) and Google Scholar. Quality assessment and risk of bias were assessed using standard metrics. Included studies were summarised by tabulating key study characteristics, grouped by health outcomes. In total, 72 studies were included in the review. Sixty‐four (89%) studies used daily or hourly pollutant concentrations to examine short‐term exposure impacts, of which 59 (92%) revealed significant associations with one or more health outcomes, including cardio‐respiratory, all‐cause mortality or morbidity and birth outcomes. Eight (11%) studies used annual average pollutant concentrations to investigate the long‐term exposure finding significant associations with asthma, reduced lung function, atopy and cardio‐respiratory mortality across five studies. The remaining three studies found no significant association with asthma, mortality and a range of self‐reported diseases, respectively. Ambient air pollution has substantial health impacts in Australia. The body of domestic evidence has increased markedly since national air quality standards were first set in the 1990s, which could be drawn on by policy‐makers when revising the existing standards, or considering new standards.
The interests of China, India, and Japan in the negotiations of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership: Theoretical perspectives
Authors: Wardani Ranti Yulia
Published: June 2021

The negotiation process of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) has been challenging for its participating countries, who have sought to find a balanced compromise and consensus in spite of their many different interests. While some scholars have studied the RCEP negotiation, there has been no detailed study exploring how domestic interests influence leaders’ positions on the RCEP deal. The objective of this study is to explore the interests of major countries – China, India, and Japan – in the negotiation of the RCEP. China and Japan decided to stay within the RCEP formation, while India opted to stay out of the RCEP formation. This study argues that domestic interests have influenced leaders’ decisions in the RCEP negotiations. The existence of major countries shows hegemonic rivalry/game in the development of the RCEP. The neoliberal institutionalism theory has emphasised the importance of common interests for international cooperation. The existence of common interests has become a fundamental element for the conclusion of the RCEP to achieve its objective, namely economic integration, economic development, and strengthening economic cooperation.
Effects of agricultural cooperative services on rural household welfare in Thailand
Authors: Seneerattanaprayul Jumtip , Gan Christopher
Published: June 2021

Agricultural Cooperatives (ACs) enable rural households to fight against poverty. ACs provide credit and non‐credit support services to improve household welfare. However, the results of AC effects on household welfare are mixed. This study contributes to the growing literature by investigating the effects of AC credit and non‐credit support services on rural Thai household welfare using the Endogenous Switching Regression and Endogenous Switching Probit models. Data was collected in 2017 using a household survey. A two‐stage stratified sampling technique was employed to obtain the study sample from rural Thai households. The result shows that AC services play important roles in improving household welfare. Both AC credit and marketing services exhibit significant, positive effects on household and farm income. AC marketing services are more effective in improving household welfare compared to AC credit. However, only AC credit considerably increases household consumption and the adoption of improved farm technologies and practices. Interestingly, AC credit and marketing services do not improve children's education in terms of educational expenditure and school enrolment rates.
Prolonged antibiotic prophylaxis in tissue reconstruction using autologous fat grafting: Is there a benefit for wound healing?
Authors: Morandi Evi M. , Winkelmann Selina , Dostal Lucie , Radacki Isabel , Rieger Ulrich M. , Bauer Benedikt , Verstappen Ralph , Wolfram Dolores , Bauer Thomas
Published: June 2021

Fat grafting is a well‐established method in plastic surgery. Despite many technical advances, standardised recommendations for the use of prophylactic antibiotics in fat grafting are not available. This retrospective multicentre study aims to analyse the use of prophylactic antibiotics in fat grafting and to compare complication rates for different protocols. A retrospective medical chart review of 340 patients treated with fat grafting of the breast from January 2007 to March 2019 was performed in three plastic surgery centres. Complications, outcomes, and antibiotic regimes were analysed. The Clavien‐Dindo classification was applied. All patients received perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis: 33.8% (n = 115) were treated with a single shot (group 1), 66.2% (n = 225) received a prolonged antibiotic scheme (group 2). There was no significant difference in the number of sessions (P = .475). The overall complication rate was 21.6% (n = 75), including graft resorption, fat necrosis, infection, and wound healing problems. Complication rates were not significantly different between groups. Risk factors for elevated complication rates in this specific patient group are smoking, chemotherapy, and irradiation therapy. The complication rate for lipografting of the breast is low, and it is not correlated to the antibiotic protocol. The use of prolonged prophylactic antibiotics does not lower the complication rate.
Flood Hazard Awareness at Old Dominion University: Assessment and Opportunity
Authors: Hutton Nicole S. , Allen Michael J.
Published: June 2021

Building resilience to flooding is a commitment of several universities; however, student interest in flood education programs is unclear. The goals of this research are three‐fold: 1) to determine the origin of flood messaging on the Old Dominion University (ODU) campus, 2) to assess on‐campus flood awareness, and 3) to evaluate the interest in additional flood education. This study evaluates student awareness of flooding via a survey of ODU students and contextual analysis of University warning messages. Many students experienced reduced access to campus as a result of flooding and expressed an interest in additional flood information. Some students reported receiving flood‐related information through in‐class instruction or orientation‐based programming. However, the content varies in detail, and ODU could formally integrate additional resources into outreach and flood education programming. These findings could support the development of a campus wide flood awareness program at ODU and other universities.
International nurse education leaders’ experiences of responding to the COVID‐19 pandemic: A qualitative study
Authors: Ion Robin , Craswell Alison , Hughes Lynda , Johnston Amy , Kilbride Lynn , Hubbard‐Murdoch Natasha , Massey Debra
Published: June 2021

Aims

To explore the experiences of strategic leads for nurse education as they sought to respond to the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Design

We utilised a qualitative interpretative approach to explore education leaders’ experiences of leading during the early months of the pandemic.

Methods

Nineteen leaders with significant strategic responsibility for nurse education in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Singapore and the United Kingdom were identified via purposive sampling and agreed to participate. Interviews were held between May and July 2020.

Results

Four overarching themes arose from the analysis: (1) Crisis driven adaptability & flexibility; (2) Responsive, complex and changing communication; (3) Making decisions for student and staff safety; (4) Looking to the future; stronger partnerships.

Conclusion

Internationally, while nursing education leaders faced different problems, they shared a common goal amidst the crisis to remain student‐centred. They demonstrated they were able to face major challenges, respond to large scale logistical problems and make decisions under significant and ongoing pressure.

Impact

In responding to the pandemic, nurse leaders shared knowledge and offered mutual support. This bodes well for future collaboration. The move to online learning accelerated an existing trend and it seems likely that this will continue. Given the pressures they experienced over an extended period, the sector may wish to consider how it prepares and supports existing and future leaders.
Think scientists—Think male: Science and leadership are still more strongly associated with men than with women in Germany
Authors: Nett Nadine , Nett Tillmann , Englert Julia , Gaschler Robert
Published: June 2021

Schein showed that attribute ratings for men and managers are more similar than attribute ratings for women and managers. Similar results were found for attributes ascribed to successful scientists and men versus women. In this study, we investigated whether the think manager—think male effect and the think scientist—think male effect are driven by the same attributes. This was not the case. Replicating previous studies, men and scientists were rated more similarly than women and scientists. We also found more overlap in stereotypes for men and managers versus women and managers. More concretely, we found that women differed significantly from managers as well as from scientists on 54 of the 92 items (59%). Men, however, only differed from managers on 17 items (18%) and scientists on 30 items (33%). To analyze on which attributes they differed significantly, we performed a factor analysis. We confirmed that women got low scores for leadership attributes but high scores in social values, which also explains the differences in the attribute ratings of managers and scientists. Also, a comparison of the effects based on these factors showed that the think manager—think male effect was mostly driven by differences in the stereotype of men and women compared to managers, which were seen as more typical male. However, the think scientist—think male effect was also driven by stereotypes about scientists as norm‐breaking, which did not match the stereotype about women.
Leveraging the European Refugee Crisis: Forced Displacement and Bargaining in Greece's Bailout Negotiations
Authors: Tsourapas Gerasimos , Zartaloudis Sotirios
Published: June 2021

How does forced migration feature in EU member states' foreign policy and how does it affect their bargaining strategies? While the literature highlights EU‐level policies aiming to manage forced migration flows, we examine how Greece sought to leverage its response to the 2015–16 European migrant crisis. We propose a theoretical framework that explains why the SYRIZA–ANEL government sought to leverage Greece's position as a refugee‐host state via an issue​‐linkage strategy tying the management of forced migration to economic aid over the Third Economic Adjustment Programme. Initially employing a ‘blackmailing’ strategy focused on threats, Greece shifted to a ‘backscratching’ strategy of co‐operation after March 2016, once its geopolitical importance and numbers of asylum seekers within its territory were reduced. We provide the first detailed analysis of Greece's foreign policy response to the European migrant crisis, demonstrating the importance of forced displacement in the international politics of EU member states.
Deep subduction, melting, and fast cooling of metapelites from the Cima Lunga Unit, Central Alps
Authors: Piccoli Francesca , Lanari Pierre , Hermann Jörg , Pettke Thomas
Published: June 2021

The Cima Lunga unit in the Central Alps is dominated by quartzofeldspathic gneisses with subordinate mafic, ultramafic, and metacarbonate rocks. Only mafic and ultramafic lithologies were thought to preserve clear evidence of Alpine high‐P metamorphism. This led to the questions of whether the different rock types were subducted and exhumed as a coherent unit or underwent different pressure–temperature (P–T) histories. New petrological and geochemical data from a metapelite associated with garnet peridotite from Cima di Gagnone (Cima Lunga unit, Switzerland) were obtained using major and trace element mapping. Complex zoning patterns in garnet and white mica are observed. In particular, high Ti content in phengite and increasing P, Zr, and HREE contents in pyrope‐rich garnet indicate that this metapelite underwent high‐P and high‐T (HP–HT) metamorphism involving fluid‐fluxed partial melting. A P–T path is reconstructed by combining textural analysis with petrological–geochemical data and thermodynamic simulations. We show that the mineral record preserves an evolution from prograde to HP–HT peak conditions (2.7 ± 0.1 GPa and 800℃) followed by near‐isobaric cooling (~2.5 GPa and 700–750℃) prior to decompression (1.0 GPa and ~620℃). The reconstructed P–T path suggests that the studied metapelites were subducted to depths where the slab gets heated by proximity to asthenospheric mantle related to slab break‐off. This heating resulted in the dehydration of chlorite‐ to garnet peridotite and the liberated fluids triggered partial melting in the associated metapelites, which might have favoured the fast exhumation of the entire Cima Lunga unit. Metapelites and garnet peridotite from Cima di Gagnone underwent a common prograde to peak and retrograde P–T path without significant tectonic pressure difference between the different lithologies, and deviation from lithostatic pressure is excluded. Lastly, the peak metamorphic conditions of metapelite from Cima di Gagnone are comparable with P–T estimates of ultramafic lithologies from the southern Adula nappe and the Dascio Bellinzona zone, thus opening new scenarios for the geodynamic interpretation of the Central Alps.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Secondary Syphilis in Women
Authors: Bond Sharon M. , Blain Michela L.M.
Published: June 2021

Secondary syphilis develops approximately 3 to 12 weeks following undetected and untreated primary syphilis. Despite historically low rates of syphilis infection in 2000, the United States is now experiencing an alarming resurgence in primary, secondary, and congenital syphilis. This case report describes an unexpected presentation in a young woman presenting for an initial well‐woman examination. Social and behavioral drivers of syphilis infection, diagnosis, and treatment are presented. Implications for women's health are examined. The need for new and more effective preventive health strategies is reviewed.
Baicalin enhances the proliferation and invasion of trophoblasts and suppresses vascular endothelial damage by modulating long non‐coding RNA NEAT1/miRNA‐205‐5p in hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy
Authors: Zhao Lidong , Xiong Miao , Liu Yang
Published: June 2021

Aim

Trophoblastic and vascular endothelial injuries were closely associated with the pathogenesis of hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy (HDCP). The present study was designed to determine the functional role of baicalin in the proliferation and invasion of trophoblasts and vascular endothelial injury.

Methods

Ang II was adopted to stimulate HTR‐8/SVneo and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Cell viability was examined by CCK‐8 assay. Flow cytometry and TUNEL staining determined cell apoptosis. Invasive ability of HTR‐8/SVneo cells was measured by transwell assay. In vitro angiogenesis of HUVECs was assessed by Tube formation assay. In addition, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was determined by DCFH‐DA staining. Furthermore, long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) NEAT1 and miRNA‐205‐5p levels were detected using real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and the binding relationship between lncRNA NEAT1 and miRNA‐205‐5p was verified by dual‐luciferase reporter assay. Moreover, interactions among lncRNA NEAT1, miRNA‐205‐5p, and MMP9 or vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were confirmed by RNA immunoprecipitation assay.

Results

Baicalin visibly improved cell viability, reduced the apoptosis of Ang II‐stimulated HTR‐8/SVneo and HUVEC cells, and repressed overproduction of ROS. Additionally, baicalin promoted the invasion of Ang II‐stimulated HTR‐8/SVneo cells and induced a stronger in vitro angiogenesis of Ang II‐stimulated HUVECs. What's more, baicalin upregulated lncRNA NEAT1 expression and downregulated miR‐205‐5p expression. LncRNA NEAT1 sponged miR‐205‐5p and inhibited the combination of miR‐205‐5p and MMP9 or VEGF.

Conclusions

Baicalin can facilitate the proliferation and invasion of trophoblasts and alleviate vascular endothelial damage by upregulating lncRNA NEAT1 to impede the interaction between miR‐205‐5p and MMP9 or VEGF.
Associations of plasma sphingolipid profiles with insulin response during oral glucose testing in Icelandic horses
Authors: Leung Yue Hei , Kenéz Ákos , Grob Anne Julia , Feige Karsten , Warnken Tobias
Published: June 2021

Background

Sphingolipids modulate insulin sensitivity in mammals. Increased synthesis of ceramides is linked to decreased insulin sensitivity of tissues. Conversely, activation of the insulin signaling pathway can downregulate ceramide synthesis. Elucidating the association between sphingolipid metabolism and insulin response during oral glucose testing may help explain the pathophysiology of insulin dysregulation in horses.

Hypotheses

Horses with insulin dysregulation will have a plasma sphingolipid profile characterized by increased ceramide concentrations. The plasma sphingolipid profile will have decreased ceramide concentrations after acute activation of the insulin signaling pathway by oral glucose testing.

Animals

Twelve Icelandic horses.

Methods

Horses were subjected to an oral glucose test (0.5 g/kg body weight glucose), with plasma insulin concentrations measured at 0, 30, 60, 120, 180, and 240 minutes postglucose administration. Plasma samples were collected at 0 and 120 minutes for sphingolipid profiling using a liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry‐based metabolomics analysis. Eighty‐three species of sphingolipids were detected, including 3‐ketosphinganines, dihydroceramides, ceramides, dihydrosphingomyelins, sphingomyelins, galatosylceramides, glucosylceramides, lactosylceramides, and ceramide‐1‐phosphates.

Results

Glucose administration did not significantly alter plasma sphingolipid profiles. C22:0‐ceramide, C24:1‐ceramide, C23:0‐ceramide, C16:1‐sphingomyelin, C22:0‐dihydroceramide, and C24:0‐ceramide were positively correlated with the insulin response (area under the curve).

Conclusion and Clinical Importance

Positive correlation between the insulin response and sphingolipid concentrations implies upregulated sphingolipid metabolism in insulin dysregulated horses. A high plasma ceramide concentration can indicate insulin dysregulation in horses.
Spatial distribution of diabetic capillary non‐perfusion
Authors: Falavarjani Khalil Ghasemi , Mirshahi Reza , Riazi‐Esfahani Hamid , Anvari Pasha , Habibi Abbas , Ashraf Khorasani Maryam , Shad Esrafil
Published: June 2021

Objective

To evaluate the distribution of capillary non‐perfusion (CNP) in superficial and deep capillary plexuses (SCP and DCP) in eyes with diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Methods

In this retrospective case series, macular optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images were obtained from eyes with DR without diabetic macular edema (DME). The area of CNP in SCP and DCP was delineated using an automated approach after excluding the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) and major retinal vessels. The distribution and spatial correlation of the CNP in each layer were analyzed.

Results

Forty‐three eyes of 27 patients with DR with a mean age of 59.10 ± 9.05 years were included. The mean CNP area in SCP was statistically significantly higher than DCP (0.722 ± 0.437 mm2 vs. 0.184 ± 0.145 mm2, respectively, p < .001). There was a statistically significant association between mean BCVA (0.28 ± 0.21 logMAR) and CNP area in DCP (p = .01). After automated subtraction of CNP areas in DCP from SCP, 25.43 ± 15.05% of CNP areas in the DCP had co‐localized CNP areas in SCP. The CNP percentage was statistically significantly different between the concentric rings on foveal center, both in SCP and in DCP (both p < .001) showing a decreasing trend from the outer ring toward the center.

Conclusion

In DR, SCP is more ischemic than DCP. This is in contrast to the previously described oxygenation‐dependent ischemic cascade following acute retinal vascular occlusions. This study provides further insight into the retinal ischemia in DR.
‘Ethnic memories’ from above? The Kosovo myth among the South Slavs and minimalist ethnosymbolism
Authors: Lomonosov Matvey
Published: June 2021

The Kosovo myth is often seen as a critical supporting case for ethnosymbolist theory. Many theorists of nationalism and area scholars see this myth as either the direct continuation or creative reinterpretation of a long‐standing epic and liturgical tradition among the Slavic Orthodox population in the Balkans. Using primary and secondary sources, this article traces how pre‐modern cultural and communicative memories of Kosovo were transformed into a modern nationalist myth of the Serbs and, then, the Yugoslavs. It argues that cultural rupture and change rather than continuity or recurrence characterise the history of these scattered and ambivalent pre‐modern legacies. The evidence shows that the medieval monastic texts and epics referring to the Kosovo battle cannot be considered as the ‘widespread ethnic memories’ necessary in ethnosymbolist theory. However, ethnosymbolist theory is multifaceted. The article's findings about the Kosovo myth suggest that scholars can adopt only a weakminimalistversion of ethnosymbolism, which views this approach as a research programme or a focus of study rather than an explanatory theory. This version does not contradict modernist constructivism but aligns with the neo‐Weberian tradition oflongue duréeresearch within it.
To what extent can rising [CO2] ameliorate plant drought stress?
Authors: De Kauwe Martin G. , Medlyn Belinda E. , Tissue David T.
Published: June 2021

Plant responses to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (eCO2) have been hypothesized as a key mechanism that may ameliorate the impact of future drought. Yet, despite decades of experiments, the question of whether eCO2 reduces plant water use, yielding ‘water savings’ that can be used to maintain plant function during periods of water stress, remains unresolved. In this Viewpoint, we identify the experimental challenges and limitations to our understanding of plant responses to drought under eCO2. In particular, we argue that future studies need to move beyond exploring whether eCO2 played ‘a role’ or ‘no role’ in responses to drought, but instead more carefully consider the timescales and conditions that would induce an influence. We also argue that considering emergent differences in soil water content may be an insufficient means of assessing the impact of eCO2. We identify eCO2 impact during severe drought (e.g. to the point of mortality), interactions with future changes in vapour pressure deficit and uncertainty about changes in leaf area as key gaps in our current understanding. New insights into CO2 × drought interactions are essential to better constrain model theory that governs future climate model projections of land–atmosphere interactions during periods of water stress.
Biotic vs abiotic controls on temporal sensitivity of primary production to precipitation across North American drylands
Authors: Felton Andrew J. , Shriver Robert K. , Bradford John B. , Suding Katharine N. , Allred Brady W. , Adler Peter B.
Published: June 2021

Dryland net primary productivity (NPP) is sensitive to temporal variation in precipitation (PPT), but the magnitude of this ‘temporal sensitivity’ varies spatially. Hypotheses for spatial variation in temporal sensitivity have often emphasized abiotic factors, such as moisture limitation, while overlooking biotic factors, such as vegetation structure.

We tested these hypotheses using spatiotemporal models fit to remote‐sensing data sets to assess how vegetation structure and climate influence temporal sensitivity across five dryland ecoregions of the western USA.

Temporal sensitivity was higher in locations and ecoregions dominated by herbaceous vegetation. By contrast, much less spatial variation in temporal sensitivity was explained by mean annual PPT. In fact, ecoregion‐specific models showed inconsistent associations of sensitivity and PPT; whereas sensitivity decreased with increasing mean annual PPT in most ecoregions, it increased with mean annual PPT in the most arid ecoregion, the hot deserts.

The strong, positive influence of herbaceous vegetation on temporal sensitivity indicates that herbaceous‐dominated drylands will be particularly sensitive to future increases in precipitation variability and that dramatic changes in cover type caused by invasions or shrub encroachment will lead to changes in dryland NPP dynamics, perhaps independent of changes in precipitation.
Evaluation of the psychometric properties of self‐reported weight stigma measures: A systematic literature review
Authors: Papadopoulos Stephanie , de la Piedad Garcia Xochitl , Brennan Leah
Published: June 2021

Objective

Conceptualisation and measurement of weight stigma varies across available studies assessing those affected. This paper aims to systematically review the psychometric properties of available self‐reported measures of weight stigma.

Method

Studies exploring the development and/or validation of weight stigma measures were identified through systematically searching Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. The Consensus‐based Standards of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) checklist was used to assess the psychometric properties of measures.

Results

Thirty‐six articles, reporting 18 different weight stigma measures, were included. For most included measures, measure development and content validity have not been assessed/reported. Structural validity, internal consistency, and hypothesis testing were the most commonly assessed/reported psychometric properties. High‐quality ratings were given only for these properties. Most measures were rated as “indeterminate” and received an overall quality rating of “Very Low” as results were based on limited evidence.

Conclusions

Psychometric properties for published weight stigma measures have rarely been assessed/reported. The observed poor methodological quality for measure development, and limited content validity evidence, negatively impact the quality of evidence for the measures. There is a need for studies assessing the psychometric properties of existing weight stigma measures using COSMIN guidelines, and for a well‐designed weight stigma measure informed by both theory and research.
Physical exercise consequences on memory in obesity: A systematic review
Authors: De Sousa Ricardo Augusto Leoni , Santos Letícia Gomes , Lopes Paulo Maurício , Cavalcante Bruno Raphael Ribeiro , Improta‐Caria Alex Cleber , Cassilhas Ricardo Cardoso
Published: June 2021

Obesity is associated with changes in memory. Thus, the aim of this systematic review was to investigate the physical exercise consequences on memory in obesity. A search was carried out in the PubMed, Lilacs, and Scielo databases with the following descriptors: “physical exercise,” “memory,” and “obesity.” A total of 16 studies were analyzed in this review. Low, moderate, and high intensity exercise training showed positive effects on memory in patients with obesity (100%). The animal models of obesity used in their physical exercise protocols: treadmill (72.7%) or wheel running (27.3%). Most of the animal studies (81.8%) revealed positive effects of the physical exercise protocol on memory in obesity. Mouse was the most commonly used animal (54.5%), and a 60% high‐fat diet (HFD) was the most commonly method used to induce obesity (82%). We did not identify any knockout model of obesity that was used to evaluate memory and used physical exercise as the main intervention. Thus, exercise training, independently if it is resistance or endurance training, seems to be an excellent intervention to prevent and inhibit cognitive impairment and memory loss on obese patients and animal models of obesity.
Feasibility and safety of left atrial appendage occlusion guided by procedural fluoroscopy only: A pilot study
Authors: Wang Juntao , Rong Bing , Zhang Kai , Chen Tongshuai , Lin Mingjie , Han Wenqiang , Sha Rina , Wang Shoudong , Feng Xuan , Zhong Jing‐quan
Published: June 2021

Background

Left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) is usually performed via the guidance of procedural transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) companied by general anesthesia (GA).

Objective

To investigate the feasibility and safety of LAAO guided by procedural fluoroscopy only.

Methods

The patients eligible for LAAO were enrolled into the current study and received implantation of either Watchman device or LAmbre device. The procedure was carried out with procedural fluoroscopy only and no companied GA; the position, shape, and leakage of the device were assessed by contrast angiography. TEE was performed after 3‐month follow‐up to evaluate the thrombosis, and leakage of device.

Results

Ninety‐seven patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) with either Watchman device (n = 49) or LAmbre device (n = 48) were consecutively enrolled. Watchman device group was of lower CHA2DS2‐VASc and HAS‐BLED scores compared with LAmbre device groups (p < .05); the two groups had similar distributions of other baseline characteristics (p > .05), including procedural success rate (98.0% vs. 97.9%), mean procedure time, mean fluoroscopy time, total radiation dose, contrast medium dose, percentage of peri‐device leakage. Pericardial effusions requiring intervention occurred in two of the Watchman group. TEE follow‐up found no patient with residual leakage ≥5 mm at 3 months and no device related thrombosis (DRT). During the 22.0 ± 11.1 months follow‐up, two patients experienced ischemic stroke.

Conclusions

LAAO with the procedural imaging of fluoroscopy only exhibited the promising results of efficacy and safety. A prospective randomized multicenter study would be required to verify the observations in this study.
Non‐ischemic sudden cardiac arrest: Role of 12 lead Holter, family screening and genetic testing
Authors: Blich Miry , Oron Hodaya , Darawsha Wisam , Suleiman Mahmoud , Avraham Lorber , Asaad Kchoury , Boulos Monther , Gepstein Lior
Published: June 2021

Objective and Background

To evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic yield of a comprehensive protocol involving clinical and broad genetic testing in consecutive sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) population.

Determining the pathogenesis of non‐ischemic SCA is crucial for management and SCA prevention in other family members

Methods

Families with unexplained non‐ischemic SCA event underwent rigorous clinical and genetic protocol after referral to our inherited arrhythmia clinic, during 2011–2017.

Results

One hundred and four index cases, 29 ± 16 years, and 421 family members were studied. After a thorough evaluation, diagnosis was made in 80 (77%) of families. The most prevalent 47/104 (45%) diagnosis was inherited channelopathy. The genetic test was positive, in 37 /69 (54%) of patients. Using the Mann Whitney test, we found that electrocardiography (ECG) (effect size 0.5, p < .001), 12 lead Holter (effect size 0.33, p = .001) and family screening (effect size 0.4, p = .001) had the highest yield in reaching the final diagnosis. Family screening, genetic testing, and cardiac MRI were the exclusive modalities for final diagnosis in 14%, 9%, and 2% of families, respectively. Among 421 family members evaluated through cascade screening, 127 (30%), were diagnosed and medically treated. Nine family members from 25 (40%) patients who underwent implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implantation have experienced appropriate ICD shock.

Conclusions

A rigorous, systematic protocol in a specialized inherited arrhythmia clinic has a high diagnostic and prognostic yield. ECG, 12 lead Holter and family screening significantly increased the diagnostic yield. In nine families, without genetic testing, the diagnosis would have been missed.
Continuing patient care to underserved communities and medical education during the COVID‐19 pandemic through a teledermatology student‐run clinic
Authors: Linggonegoro Danny , Rrapi Renajd , Ashrafzadeh Sepideh , McCormack Lindsay , Bartenstein Diana , Hazen TJ , Kempf Abigail , Kim Eun Jae , Moore Kevin , Sanchez‐Flores Xavier , Song Hannah , Huang Jennifer T. , Hussain Sadaf
Published: June 2021

A virtual pediatric dermatology student‐run clinic was initiated during the COVID‐19 pandemic, when in‐person educational opportunities were limited. The clinic's aim is to provide high‐quality dermatologic care to a diverse, underserved pediatric patient population while teaching trainees how to diagnose and manage common skin conditions. In our initial eight sessions, we served 37 patients, predominantly those with skin of color, and had a low no‐show rate of 9.8%. This report describes the general structure of the clinic, goals, and the patient population to provide an overview of our educational model for those interested in similar efforts.