bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical outcomes and bone‐level alterations around one‐piece mini dental implants retaining mandibular overdentures: 5‐year follow‐up of a prospective cohort study
Authors: Enkling Norbert , Moazzin Rim , Geers Gregor , Kokoschka Stephanie , Abou‐Ayash Samir , Schimmel Martin
Published: February 2020

Objectives

To report on the clinical outcomes of one‐piece mini dental implants (MDIs) retaining mandibular implant overdentures (IODs), including marginal bone‐level alterations (ΔMBLs), clinical peri‐implant parameters, and technical‐ and biological complications during a 5‐year follow‐up. The null hypothesis was that ΔMBLs would be equal in subjects older than 65 years relative to younger subjects.

Materials and methods

Four 1.8‐mm diameter one‐piece MDIs with ball attachments were placed in the interforaminal region of 20 edentulous subjects. The existing complete dentures were converted to IODs. Standardized radiographs of each implant were taken at implant placement (baseline) and during the five‐year follow‐up. ΔMBLs and potential influencing factors were evaluated, and peri‐implant parameters, and biological and technical complications were recorded.

Results

The implant and prosthetic survival rates were both 100%. IODs fractured in seven participants. The overall mean ΔMBL after 5 years was −1.18 mm (standard deviation: 0.79 mm). ΔMBLs per month were most pronounced within the first 3 months after implant placement. ΔMBLs were not influenced by the implant location, the presence of keratinized mucosa, or gender. However, ΔMBLs were significantly smaller in subjects older than 65 years (p = .007).

Conclusions

One‐piece MDIs retaining mandibular IODs with O‐ring attachments are a predictable treatment option, providing stable peri‐implant bone and soft tissue conditions over a mid‐term follow‐up. Incorporating a metal reinforcement can prevent denture fracturing when converting a complete denture into an IOD. The presence of keratinized mucosa does not necessarily lead to decreased bone‐level changes. Advanced age might be beneficial in terms of peri‐implant bone stability.
Time spent outside of target glucose range for young children with type 1 diabetes: a continuous glucose monitor study
Authors: DiMeglio L. A. , Kanapka L. G. , DeSalvo D. J. , Anderson B. J. , Harrington K. R. , Hilliard M. E. , Laffel L. M. , Tamborlane W. V. , Van Name M. A. , Wadwa R. P. , Willi S. M. , Woerner S. , Wong J. C. , Miller K. M. ,   for the SENCE Study Group
Published: February 2020

Aim

To assess the associations between demographic and clinical characteristics and sensor glucose metrics in young children with type 1 diabetes, using masked, continuous glucose monitoring data from children aged 2 to < 8 years.

Research design and methods

The analysis included 143 children across 14 sites in the USA, enrolled in a separate clinical trial. Eligibility criteria were: age 2 to <8 years; type 1 diabetes duration ≥3 months; no continuous glucose monitoring use for past 30 days; and HbA1c concentration 53 to <86 mmol/mol (7.0 to <10.0%). All participants wore masked continuous glucose monitors up to 14 days.

Results

On average, participants spent the majority (13 h) of the day in hyperglycaemia (>10.0 mmol/l) and a median of ~1 h/day in hypoglycaemia (<3.9 mmol/l). Participants with minority race/ethnicity and higher parent education levels spent more time in target range, 3.9–10.0 mmol/l, and less time in hyperglycaemia. More time in hypoglycaemia was associated with minority race/ethnicity and younger age at diagnosis. Continuous glucose monitoring metrics were similar in pump and injection users.

Conclusions

Given that both hypo‐ and hyperglycaemia negatively impact neurocognitive development, strategies to increase time in target glucose range for young children are needed.
Multi‐species occupancy models: review, roadmap, and recommendations
Authors: Devarajan Kadambari , Morelli Toni Lyn , Tenan Simone
Published: February 2020

Recent technological and methodological advances have revolutionized wildlife monitoring. Although most biodiversity monitoring initiatives are geared towards focal species of conservation concern, researchers are increasingly studying entire communities, specifically the spatiotemporal drivers of community size and structure and interactions among species. This has resulted in the emergence of multi‐species occupancy models (MSOMs) as a promising and efficient approach for the study of community ecology. Given the potential of MSOMs for conservation and management action, it is critical to know whether study design and model assumptions are consistent with inference objectives. This is especially true for studies that are designed for a focal species but can give insights about a community. Here, we review the recent literature on MSOMs, identify areas of improvement in the multi‐species study workflow, and provide a reference model for best practices for focal species and community monitoring study design. We reviewed 92 studies published between 2009 and early 2018, spanning 27 countries and a variety of taxa. There is a consistent under‐reporting of details that are central to determining the adequacy of designs for generating data that can be used to make inferences about community‐level patterns of occupancy, including the spatial and temporal extent, types of detectors used, covariates considered, and choice of field methods and statistical tools. This reporting bias could consequently result in skewed estimates, affecting conservation actions and management plans. On the other hand, comprehensive reporting is likely to help researchers working on MSOMs assess the robustness of inferences, in addition to making strides in terms of reproducibility and reusability of data. We use our literature review to inform a roadmap with best practices for MSOM studies, from simulations to design considerations and reporting, for the collection of new data as well as those involving existing datasets.
Analysis of proximal ALOX5 promoter binding proteins by quantitative proteomics
Authors: Schlag Katharina , Steinhilber Dieter , Karas Michael , Sorg Bernd L.
Published: February 2020

5‐Lipoxygenase (5‐LO) is the initial enzyme in the biosynthesis of leukotrienes, which are mediators involved in pathophysiological conditions such as asthma and certain cancer types. Knowledge of proteins involved in 5‐LO pathway regulation, including gene regulatory proteins, is needed to evaluate all options for therapeutic intervention in these diseases. Here, we present a mass spectrometric screening of ALOX5 promoter‐interacting proteins, obtained by DNA pulldown and label‐free quantitative mass spectrometry. Protein preparations from myeloid and B‐lymphocytic cell lines were screened for promoter DNA interactors. Through statistical analysis, 66 proteins were identified as specific ALOX5 promotor binding proteins. Among those, the 15 most likely candidates for a prominent role in ALOX5 gene regulation are the known ALOX5 interactors Sp1 and Sp3, the related factor Sp2, two Krüppel‐like factors (KLF13 and KLF16) and six other zinc finger proteins (MAZ, PRDM10, VEZF1, ZBTB7A, ZNF281 and ZNF579). Intriguingly, we also identified two helicases (BLM and DHX36) and the proteins hnRNPD and hnRNPK, which are, together with the protein MAZ, known to interact with DNA G‐quadruplex structures. As G‐quadruplexes are implicated in gene regulation, spectroscopic and antibody‐based methods were used to confirm their presence within the GC‐rich sequence of the ALOX5 promoter. In summary, we have systematically characterized the interactome of the ALOX5 promoter, identifying several zinc finger proteins as novel potential ALOX5 gene regulators. Further, we have shown that the ALOX5 promoter can form DNA G‐quadruplex structures, which may play a functional role in ALOX5 gene regulation.
Extracellular loops matter – subcellular location and function of the lysine transporter Lyp1 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: van‘t Klooster Joury S. , Bianchi Frans , Doorn Ruben B. , Lorenzon Mirco , Lusseveld Jarnick H. , Punter Christiaan M. , Poolman Bert
Published: February 2020

Yeast amino acid transporters of the APC superfamily are responsible for the proton motive force‐driven uptake of amino acids into the cell, which for most secondary transporters is a reversible process. The l‐lysine proton symporter Lyp1 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is special in that the Michaelis constant from out‐to‐in transport (

) is much lower than

, which allows accumulation of l‐lysine to submolar concentration. It has been proposed that high intracellular lysine is part of the antioxidant mechanism of the cell. The molecular basis for the unique kinetic properties of Lyp1 is unknown. We compared the sequence of Lyp1 with APC para‐ and orthologues and find structural features that set Lyp1 apart, including differences in extracellular loop regions. We screened the extracellular loops by alanine mutagenesis and determined Lyp1 localization and activity and find positions that affect either the localization or activity of Lyp1. Half of the affected mutants are located in the extension of extracellular loop 3 or in a predicted α‐helix in extracellular loop 4. Our data indicate that extracellular loops not only connect the transmembrane helices but also serve functionally important roles.
Health sciences libraries in Germany: new directions
Authors: Knüttel Helge , Krause Evamaria , Semmler‐Schmetz Martina , Reimann Iris , Metzendorf Maria‐Inti
Published: February 2020

This feature is part of a series about medical library services in various countries. It gives an overview of the state of and selected current developments of medical library services to support research, education and clinical practice in Germany. Findings from an online survey and issues of access to health information are discussed in relation to the German health care system.J.M.
Improvement in electronic conductivity of perovskite electrolyte by variable‐valence element doping
Authors: Cheng Xu , Wang Jinlin , Qiang Wenjiang , Huang Bingxin
Published: February 2020

The perovskite electrolyte Li0.33La0.557TiO3 (LLTO) exhibits high mechanical stability, high ionic conductivity, and low strain during cycling. The cycle stability has been significantly improved using LLTO as a coating material for cathode particles. However, the electronic conductivity of LLTO is very low, which affects electrochemical performances. In this study, variable‐valence elements (Fe, Ni, Co, and Cr) are added to the perovskite to increase the electronic conductivity. The materials are fabricated using a high‐temperature solid‐state reaction method. The phase compositions are characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), while the microstructures are analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The electronic conductivity of the doped sample is increased by three orders of magnitude, while the ionic conductivity is slightly reduced. The Cr‐doped sample exhibits the highest electronic conductivity of 9.18 × 10−7 S cm−1. The search for mixed conducting perovskites paves the way for the development of efficient coatings for cathode particles.
Free gingival grafts for implants exhibiting a lack of keratinized mucosa: Extended follow‐up of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Oh Se‐Lim , Ji Chao , Azad Salar
Published: February 2020

Introduction

This study is an extended follow‐up of a randomized controlled trial that evaluated 18‐month outcomes following free gingival grafts (FGGs) around implants with <2 mm keratinized mucosa (KM) compared to implants without KM augmentation.

Materials and Methods

Follow‐up data were obtained over 48 months from 18 implants in the FGG group (11 subjects) and 8 implants in the no‐surgery group (7 subjects) within the control group. FGGs were performed after 18 months for 8 implants in the control group; these 8 implants constituted a delayed FGG group (5 subjects). The width of KM, mucosal recession (MR) and crestal bone level (CBL) were obtained.

Results

The increased width of KM and the reduced MR following FGGs were maintained for 48 months in the FGG group, which exhibited less MR than the no‐surgery group. The amount of crestal bone loss (0.4 ± 0.4 mm) in the no‐surgery group was significantly greater than that in the FGG group (0 ± 0.4 mm) at 48 months. In the delayed FGG group, reduced MR and no significant differences in CBL were observed compared with the pre‐graft measurements.

Conclusions

FGGs can be a practical treatment option to maintain CBL around implants with limited KM.
Origin and diversification of Indian Ceropegieae (Apocynaceae) and its possible relation to the Indian monsoon
Authors: Surveswaran Siddharthan , Kambale Sharad S. , Srivastav Mansa , Punekar Sachin A. , Yadav Shrirang R. , Karanth K. Praveen
Published: February 2020

The Indian subcontinent has experienced a major shift in climatic regime from a wet tropical regime to increased seasonal rainfall, since the late Miocene. This shift has been attributed to the intensification of monsoons, which led to opening up of dry habitats in humid forests and formation of deciduous forests. We explored the role of this climatic shift in the origin and diversification of dry‐adapted plant genera Ceropegia and Brachystelma (Ceropegiae, Asclepiadoideae, Apocynaceae). We sampled Ceropegia and Brachystelma from across India and used five markers (two nuclear and three plastid regions) to reconstruct a global phylogeny of this group. Indian members of the tribe Ceropegiae were derived from Africa through at least four independent dispersal events. All dispersal events occurred in late Miocene after establishment of a monsoon climate. One of these early dispersing lineages underwent rapid radiation in peninsular India, giving rise to around 50 species. Thus, both dispersal and diversification events coincided with the intensification of monsoons and concomitant aridification. The role of environment in the evolution of floral characteristics and root type in the Indian radiation is also discussed. This is one of the first reports on a dry‐adapted endemic radiation of plants in India.
Rainfall reduction increases insect herbivory in tropical herb communities
Authors: Andrade Janete F. , Alvarado Fredy , Carlos Santos Jean , Santos Bráulio A.
Published: February 2020

Questions

Climate change is dramatically altering rainfall patterns and species distribution around the world. However, little is known about how rainfall reduction may affect plant–herbivore interactions that are crucial to the of input energy and nutrients into terrestrial ecosystems. Following Coley’s growth rate hypothesis, we assessed whether rainfall reduction in a seasonally dry tropical forest decreases community‐level herbivory owing to water shortage in drier areas.

Location

Catimbau National Park, Northeast Brazil.

Methods

We sampled 16 herb communities along a rainfall gradient (564–917 mm). Using digital photographs, we monitored for 3 weeks the frequency, magnitude and type (feeding guild) of insect damage on young, fully expanded, short‐lived leaves (lifespan <1 month). We related herbivory levels to local rainfall and examined potential confounding effects of herb abundance, richness and floristic composition on such relationships.

Results

We monitored 290 leaves from 202 plants belonging to 28 species. About one‐third of the leaves and six species escaped from herbivory. Leaf‐chewing insects were the most frequent herbivores, attacking 17 species, 44% ± 15% of the leaves and removing the same amount of foliar tissue as all the other insects combined removed (sap‐sucking, rasping, leaf‐mining and ‘unknown’). Contrary to expectations, foliar damage accumulated more in drier areas following the increase in the frequency of leaf‐chewing damage. In addition, frequency and magnitude of herbivory did not vary with herb abundance and richness and were weakly influenced by floristic composition.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that rainfall underlies community‐level herbivory by mechanisms not related to plant availability, identity and diversity. Based on recent evidence that aridity favours leaf‐chewing proliferation in the study region, we hypothesize that rainfall reduction may weaken the top‐down control of herbivores, increasing folivory pressure on herbs. If prolonged droughts become more frequent in the coming decades, plant–herbivore interactions may be altered permanently.
Below‐ground determinants and ecological implications of shrub species' degree of isohydry in subtropical pine plantations
Authors: Jiang Peipei , Meinzer Frederick C. , Wang Huimin , Kou Liang , Dai Xiaoqin , Fu Xiaoli
Published: February 2020

The degree of plant iso/anisohydry is a popular framework for characterising species‐specific drought responses. However, we know little about associations between below‐ground and above‐ground hydraulic traits as well as the broader ecological implications of this framework.

For 24 understory shrub species in seasonally dry subtropical coniferous plantations, we investigated contributions of the degree of isohydry to species' resource economy strategies, abundance, and importance value, and quantified the hydraulic conductance (Kh) of above‐ground and below‐ground organs, magnitude of deep water acquisition (WAdeep), shallow absorptive root traits (diameter, specific root length, tissue density), and resource‐use efficiencies (Amax, maximum photosynthesis rate; PNUE, photosynthetic nitrogen‐use efficiency).

The extreme isohydric understory species had lower wood density (a proxy for higher growth rates) because their higher WAdeep and whole‐plant Kh allowed higher Amax and PNUE, and thus did not necessarily show lower abundance and importance values. Although species' Kh was coordinated with their water foraging capacity in shallow soil, the more acquisitive deep roots were more crucial than shallow roots in shaping species' extreme isohydric behaviour.

Our results provide new insights into the mechanisms through which below‐ground hydraulic traits, especially those of deep roots, determine species' degree of isohydry and economic strategies.
Abducens Nerve Palsy. An uncommon complication of removal of an upper wisdom tooth under local anaesthesia
Authors: Darwish S. , Patel A. , Steed P. , Stagnell S.
Published: February 2020

Local anaesthetic is a key tool for all dentists in achieving painless treatment. Many complications have been reported secondary to a dental local anaesthetic, however those pertaining to the orbit and ocular muscles have been infrequent. This article describes three incidents when inadvertent abducens nerve palsy secondary to a dental local anaesthetic occurred during removal of an upper wisdom tooth, resulting in paresis of the lateral rectus muscle and diplopia. The patients were reassured and managed conservatively and there were no long‐term complications. The anatomical course of the abducens nerve from its origin to the lateral rectus muscle are discussed as well as potential mechanisms for the dental local anaesthetic to impact upon the nerve. Finally, following input from Opthalmology colleagues, recommendations for appropriate management are made to ensure a good outcome.
Optical Microscopy and Electron Microscopy for the Morphological Evaluation of Tendons: A Mini Review
Authors: Xu Mingyou , Liu Jie , Sun Jiayi , Xu Xinrong , Hu Yongcheng , Liu Bin
Published: February 2020

The morphological characteristics of tendons have been thoroughly evaluated via microscopy. Optical microscopy and electron microscopy are the most commonly used techniques for tendon tissue observation. According to the principles of both microscopy types, preparation and evaluation methods vary. Simple optical microscopy is commonly used in the observation of cells and extracellular matrix, and many stains, including hematoxylin–eosin, Van Gieson, Prussian blue, Alcian blue, and toluidine blue, are used for evaluating cells, collagen fiber arrangement, and noncollagenous proteins. Histological scoring systems have been used in many studies for semi‐quantification. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are the most commonly used electron microscopy types, and special consideration is needed for the fixation and embedding protocols. Glutaraldehyde followed by osmium is most commonly used in the chemical fixation of tendon tissue, followed by epoxy resin embedment. Longitudinal sections captured in SEM images show the arrangement of collagen fibrils and the cells and lipid drops among them, while cross sections captured in TEM images show the diameter and distribution of collagen fibrils. SEM and TEM are used together for comprehensive evaluations. This mini review is focused on the preparation methodology and related evaluation indexes for the morphological evaluation of tendons.
A variety of changes, including CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated deletions, in CENH3 lead to haploid induction on outcrossing
Authors: Kuppu Sundaram , Ron Mily , Marimuthu Mohan P.A. , Li Glenda , Huddleson Amy , Siddeek Mohamed Hisham , Terry Joshua , Buchner Ryan , Shabek Nitzan , Comai Luca , Britt Anne B.
Published: February 2020

Creating true‐breeding lines is a critical step in plant breeding. Novel, completely homozygous true‐breeding lines can be generated by doubled haploid technology in single generation. Haploid induction through modification of the centromere‐specific histone 3 variant (CENH3), including chimeric proteins, expression of non‐native CENH3 and single amino acid substitutions, has been shown to induce, on outcrossing to wild type, haploid progeny possessing only the genome of the wild‐type parent, in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we report the characterization of 31 additional EMS‐inducible amino acid substitutions in CENH3 for their ability to complement a knockout in the endogenous CENH3 gene and induce haploid progeny when pollinated by the wild type. We also tested the effect of double amino acid changes, which might be generated through a second round of EMS mutagenesis. Finally, we report on the effects of CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated in‐frame deletions in the αN helix of the CENH3 histone fold domain. Remarkably, we found that complete deletion of the αN helix, which is conserved throughout angiosperms, results in plants which exhibit normal growth and fertility while acting as excellent haploid inducers when pollinated by wild‐type pollen. Both of these technologies, CRISPR mutagenesis and EMS mutagenesis, represent non‐transgenic approaches to the generation of haploid inducers.
Non‐GMO potato lines, synthesizing increased amylose and resistant starch, are mainly deficient in isoamylase debranching enzyme
Authors: Blennow Andreas , Skryhan Katsiaryna , Tanackovic Vanja , Krunic Susanne L. , Shaik Shahnoor S. , Andersen Mette S. , Kirk Hanne‐Grethe , Nielsen Kåre L.
Published: February 2020

Solanum tuberosum potato lines with high amylose content were generated by crossing with the wild potato species Solanum sandemanii followed by repeated backcrossing to Solanum tuberosum lines. The trait, termed increased amylose (IAm), was recessive and present after three generations of backcrossing into S. tuberosum lines (6.25% S. sandemanii genes). The tubers of these lines were small, elongated and irregular with small and misshaped starch granules and high sugar content. Additional backcrossing resulted in less irregular tuber morphology, increased starch content (4.3%–9.5%) and increased amylose content (29%–37.9%) but indifferent sugar content. The amylose in the IAm starch granules was mainly located in peripheral spots, and large cavities were found in the granules. Starch pasting was suppressed, and the digestion‐resistant starch (RS) content was increased. Comprehensive microarray polymer profiling (CoMPP) analysis revealed specific alterations of major pectic and glycoprotein cell wall components. This complex phenotype led us to search for candidate IAm genes exploiting its recessive trait. Hence, we sequenced genomic DNA of a pool of IAm lines, identified SNPs genome wide against the draft genome sequence of potato and searched for regions of decreased heterozygosity. Three regions, located on chromosomes 3, 7 and 10, respectively, displayed markedly less heterozygosity than average. The only credible starch metabolism‐related gene found in these regions encoded the isoamylase‐type debranching enzyme Stisa1. Decreased expression of mRNA (>500 fold) and reduced enzyme activity (virtually absent from IAm lines) supported Stisa1 as a candidate gene for IAm.
Polls and Elections: Did Character Count? Candidate Traits and the 2016 Presidential Vote
Authors: Holian David B. , Prysby Charles
Published: February 2020

The 2016 presidential election featured two candidates whose personal qualities Americans held in exceptionally low regard. Voters perceived Hillary Clinton to be knowledgeable, but dishonest. Assessments of Donald Trump were historically poor across the board. Because both candidates suffered from voter perceptions of their weak character, campaign attacks and media coverage combined to elevate character to a leading campaign issue. Yet our analysis of American National Election Studies data indicates that while voters were influenced by their perceptions of candidate character, only a small number of votes were changed by these perceptions. This is because candidate traits are more strongly determined by party identification than ever before, and because increasing party polarization has led to there being fewer genuinely persuadable voters than in past elections.
Law: The Continuing Significance of the Legislative Veto
Authors: Brough Christopher
Published: February 2020

This article describes the three‐branch dynamics of the legislative veto before and after the 1983 Supreme Court case Immigration and Naturalization Services v. Chadha. This congressional authority had been used as a check against executive branch action since the 1850s and became more prevalent and controversial in the twentieth century. Decades after the Supreme Court invalidated the congressional power to use the legislative veto, Congress has found ways to get around the judicial ruling. Yet the Chadha precedent fundamentally changed power between the branches in many ways. In the years following the Supreme Court decision, the precedent was used to invalidate or alter a number of important pieces of legislation designed to oversee executive branch authority. Congress can still slip legislative veto‐like provisions into some bills, but Chadha's effect on presidential war and emergency powers means Congress must somehow muster large supermajorities to get its way.
An investigation of the relationship between ageing in place and successful ageing in elderly individuals
Authors: Yalcinoz Baysal Hasret , Aktas Betül , Bakan Ayse Berivan
Published: February 2020

Background

With the increase in longevity in the world, successful ageing has become an important issue. This study aims to investigate the relationship between ageing in place and successful ageing in elderlies.

Methods

This study, which utilised a descriptive and relational‐screening model, was conducted with the participation of 370 individuals aged 65 and over who were registered in Family Health Centres in a city centre located in the eastern part of Turkey.

Results

The participating elderlies' Successful Ageing Scale mean score was 54.16 ± 11.32, and the Ageing in Place Scale mean score was 54.24 ± 12.88. While there was a positive, statistically significant relationship between the Successful Ageing Scale total score, the Ageing in Place Scale total score, and living in the same environment, there was a negative, significant relationship between age and the Successful Ageing Scale total score.

Conclusion

Elderlies' successful ageing processes are affected positively by the increase in the duration of living in the same environment and satisfaction level about the place they lived in. Successful ageing is negatively affected by the increase in age. It is recommended that elderly people's living environments should not be changed and their social support networks should be strengthened as much as possible so they can have a successful ageing process.
Learning from scientific literature: Can indicators for measuring success be standardized in “on the ground” restoration?
Authors: Evju Marianne , Hagen Dagmar , Kyrkjeeide Magni O. , Köhler Berit
Published: February 2020

The Society for Ecological Restoration (SER) Primer identifies key ecosystem attributes for evaluating restoration outcome. Broad attribute categories could be necessary due to the large variety of restoration projects, but could make overall evaluations and assessments challenging and might hamper the development of sound and successful restoration. In this study we carry out a systematic review of scientific papers addressing evaluation of restoration outcome. We include 104 studies published after 2010 from Europe or North America, representing different types of restoration projects in terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems. We explore the main ecological and socioeconomic attributes used to evaluate restoration outcome, and related indicators and specific methods applied to measure this, in relation to ecosystem and type of restoration project. We identify a wide range of indicators within each attribute, and show that very different methods are employed to measure them. This complexity reduces the opportunity for meaningful comparison and standardization of evaluation of restoration outcome, within and between ecosystems. Socioeconomic indicators are rarely used to evaluate restoration outcome, and studies including both ecological and socioeconomic indicators are nearly absent. Based on our findings we discuss whether standardization and streamlining of indicators is useful to improve the evaluation of “on the ground” restoration, or if this is not appropriate given the diversity of goals and ecosystems involved. Species‐specific traits are used in many projects and should be considered as an addition to the original SER attributes. Furthermore, we discuss the potential for restoration evaluation that encompasses not only assessment of ecological but also socioeconomic indicators.
Tipping the scale? The workings of monetary policy through trade
Authors: Adler Gustavo , Osorio Buitron Carolina
Published: February 2020

The monetary policy entails demand‐augmenting and diverting effects, and its impact on the trade balance—and on other countries—depends on the magnitude of these opposing effects. Using U.S. data and a sign‐restricted structural vector autoregressive identification, we investigate the importance of these effects. Overall, the results indicate that a monetary loosening (tightening) leads to a strengthening (weakening) of the overall trade balance, indicating that demand diversion dominates. The paper also explores changes in the effects following the global financial crisis, reflecting the impaired monetary transmission mechanism.
A Novel Approach to Latent Class Modelling: Identifying the Various Types of Body Mass Index Individuals
Authors: Brown Sarah , Greene William , Harris Mark
Published: February 2020

Given the increasing prevalence of adult obesity, furthering understanding of the determinants of measures such as the body mass index (BMI) remains high on the policy agenda. We contribute to existing literature on modelling the BMI by proposing an extension to latent class modelling, which serves to unveil a more detailed picture of the determinants of BMI. Interest here lies in latent class analysis with a regression model and predictor variables explaining class membership, a regression model and predictor variables explaining the outcome variable within BMI classes and instances where the BMI classes are naturally ordered and labelled by expected values within class. A simple and generic way of parameterizing both the class probabilities and the statistical representation of behaviours within each class is proposed, that simultaneously preserves the ranking according to class-specific expected values and yields a parsimonious representation of the class probabilities. Based on a wide range of metrics, the newly proposed approach is found to dominate the prevailing approach and, moreover, results are often quite different across the two.
A Multilevel Structural Equation Model for the Interrelationships Between Multiple Latent Dimensions of Childhood Socio-Economic Circumstances, Partnership Transitions and Mid-Life Health
Authors: Zhu Yajing , Steele Fiona , Moustaki Irini
Published: February 2020

We propose a multilevel structural equation model to investigate the interrelationships between childhood socio-economic circumstances, partnership formation and stability, and mid-life health, using data from the 1958 British birth cohort. The structural equation model comprises latent class models that characterize the patterns of change in four dimensions of childhood socio-economic circumstances and a joint regression model that relates these categorical latent variables to partnership transitions in adulthood and mid-life health, while allowing for informative dropout. The model can be extended to handle multiple outcomes of mixed types and at different levels in a hierarchical data structure.
High‐grade intramuscular tendon disruption in acute hamstring injury and return to play in Australian Football players
Authors: Eggleston Luke , McMeniman Morgan , Engstrom Craig
Published: February 2020

Background

Recent literature has reported intramuscular tendon (IT) disruption is associated with longer return to play (RTP) following acute hamstring injury.

Objectives

Investigate whether an increase in hamstring injury severity involving high‐grade IT disruption and proximal injury location is associated with longer RTP times in elite Australian Rules Football (AFL) players.

Methods

Hamstring injury records and RTP times from one professional AFL club were obtained over six seasons. MRI of injuries was retrospectively reviewed by a musculo‐skeletal radiologist blinded to RTP information. A simplified four‐grade classification of acute hamstring injuries was developed based on IT disruption severity and proximodistal injury location. MR0 had no observable MRI tissue damage; MR1 involved muscle‐tendon junction, myofascial and low‐grade IT injuries; MR2 involved distal and/or single muscle high‐grade IT injuries, and MR3 involved high‐grade IT injuries of the proximal biceps femoris (BF) IT with concomitant injury to BF+ semitendinosus muscles.

Results

Forty‐one injuries were available for analysis. Median RTP times were as follows: MR0, 14 days; MR1, 21 days; MR2, 35 days; and MR3, 88 days. For MRI‐positive injuries (MR1, MR2, MR3), there was a significant difference in the distributions of RTP, with increased injury severity associated with increased RTP times (P < .001). The distributions of RTP were significantly different between MR1 vs MR2 (P = .008), MR1 vs MR3 (P = .002), and MR2 vs MR3 (P = .012).

Conclusion

In elite AFL players, acute hamstring injuries with high‐grade IT disruption identified on MRI were associated with increased times to RTP compared to injuries with low‐grade or no IT disruption.
Successful medical management of perinephric abscess and urosepsis following urethral obstruction in a cat
Authors: Norkus Christopher L. , Keir Iain
Published: February 2020

Objective

To describe the clinical presentation and medical management of a cat with perinephric abscessation and urosepsis following urethral obstruction and catheterization.

Case Summary

A 2‐year‐old intact male domestic shorthaired cat presented to an emergency and referral center for lethargy, vomiting, and hematuria. Severe azotemia and hyperkalemia were observed on a serum biochemistry panel. The patient was diagnosed with urethral obstruction and was treated with urethral catheterization, calcium gluconate, IV fluid therapy, buprenorphine, and prazosin. The patient's azotemia improved, and the hyperkalemia resolved. Urinary catheterization was discontinued. The patient developed pyrexia, worsening azotemia, hypoalbuminemia, hyperbilirubinemia, and dysuria. Urethral catheterization was repeated. Abdominal radiographs showed left renomegaly, and abdominal ultrasound revealed left perinephric fluid. Ultrasound‐guided centesis of the perinephric fluid revealed septic inflammation, and the sample was consistent with urine based upon sample creatinine. Fluid from the perinephric abscess and urine from the bladder both grewPasturellaspp. The patient was treated with perinephric catheterization, saline lavage, and a continuous infusion of cefotaxime for 72 h. The patient's azotemia quickly resolved, and the patient was discharged after 6 days of hospitalization. The patient was reported to have made a full recovery.

New or Unique Information Provided

This is the first described case of perinephric abscess and urosepsis following urethral obstruction in a cat and its successful medical management. Perinephric abscess not associated with intrarenal abscess has not previously been identified. Additionally, continuous antimicrobial infusion to treat overwhelming infection and the use of the RapidBac Vet immunoassay for point‐of‐care detection of urinary tract infection has not been described in cats.
La aplicación de la función social de la propiedad intelectual a través del abuso del derecho: Un análisis necesario para el sistema de derecho civil
Authors: Uribe Piedrahita Carlos Andrés , Contreras Jaramillo Juan Camilo , Arbouin Gómez Felipe
Published: February 2020

En los sistemas de tradición civil los límites a la propiedad intelectual suelen estar estructurados desde la perspectiva de las regulaciones generales y abstractas que el legislador ha prejuzgado como necesarios y pertinentes. Aunque reconocemos la importancia y utilidad de este tipo de decisiones normativas, también debemos señalar que las mismas pueden obviar escenarios particulares no incorporados en una norma de carácter general, o que por sus características (temporales o modales) no pudieron ser tenidos en cuenta al momento de crear el límite normativo.   En este sentido, proponemos el uso de la figura del abuso del derecho como un eventual remedio para el ejercicio antisocial de derechos de propiedad intelectual. Y para tal efecto, utilizaremos la función social de la propiedad intelectual como criterio para definir los casos en que el uso abusivo (contrario a los propósitos del derecho) puede ser determinado; siempre y cuando, la estructura teórica utilizada permita entender a la función social como un límite a la propiedad, dado que, en el caso contrario, el ejercicio antisocial de la propiedad intelectual deberá ser entendido simplemente como una violación al mismo derecho por parte de su titular. Finalmente, presentaremos el caso de una figura similar, el Misuse en propiedad intelectual, la cual ha servido para este mismo propósito en el sistema del common law.
Light Duty Tracking and Sensing System Using the Adafruit web
Authors: Torres-Bustos Héctor , Valenzuela-Zubiaur Macarena , Meza-Herrera Víctor , Soto-Pacheco Francis , Escobar-Jeria Víctor
Published: February 2020

A prototype developed in ProteinLab UTEM for a tracking system and parametric control for light transport loads that require cold chain fulfillment validation in the interdisciplinary work between engineering and design is presented in this article. The work is performed using fast prototyping development boards, such as Arduino MEGA, a communication shield FONA808, and sensors associated with variables such as temperature and humidity, and the recorded data are sent to the IO.Adafruit.com platform in the cloud. The information is displayed in a dashboard and stored for later export and analysis. The use of these development boards optimizes the incorporation of compatible sensors that allow for a registry of variables that are relevant for future system requirement modifications, such as weight or impact sensors. Finally, the prototype development contemplates the concept of the final product being prepared for testing with end-users as part of the working methodology of ProteinLab UTEM, Center for Technological Innovation, which explores the different methods for comprehensively addressing current technological challenges.
Medicines Value Chain Management Level in Cuban Health System
Authors: López-Joy Teresita , Gómez-Acosta Martha Inés , Neira-Mugercia Adis Nubia , Acevedo-Suárez José Antonio , Peña-García Claudia , Acevedo-Urquiaga Ana Julia
Published: February 2020

The value networks management in the pharmaceutical sector is fundamental to guide the work of health entities to the demands of patients. The Cuban health system is characterized by the full and free access of its citizens to these services. The medicines supply chain is of vital importance to complete health services, and in Cuba a specialized logistics operator manages it. This focuses on achieving the medicines availability according to the patients’ demands. This study presents the medicine supply chain and the evolution of its management level since 2015. The qualitative evaluation of its performance is carried out using the Value Network Reference Model as a methodological tool. The result shows that in 2018 the medicines chain reach a medium performance level and that, based on this diagnosis, the development projects are elaborated according to the needs identified. The Cuban medicines supply chain is a reference of the logistic support that sustains this health system and for other chains in Cuba, when it shows management levels above the national average of three points.
Análisis de la cesión de créditos en algunos Códigos Latinoamericanos, con miras a su actualización
Authors: Camacho López María Elisa
Published: February 2020

En los últimos años la regulación de la cesión de créditos ha sido objeto de importantes cambios al interior de algunos códigos civiles latinoamericanos, en ocasiones como consecuencia del influjo ejercido por experiencias codificadoras foráneas, otras por la influencia de los proyectos de armonización y unificación del derecho, pero podríamos afirmar indudablemente que también es la evolución misma de la figura la que ha llevado a que algunos códigos se separen, en cierta medida, de la disciplina con que inicialmente fue introducida la cesión de créditos en los códigos decimonónicos.

En nuestra opinión estas modificaciones han conducido, indudablemente a su consolidación y actualización, por lo que resulta conveniente evidenciar esos cambios que se han producido a la luz de la disciplina tradicional, para analizar los aspectos favorables y desfavorables de los mismos.
El contrato de prestación de servicios en el estatuto general de contratación de la administración pública: un tipo contractual de compleja celebración
Authors: Gómez Velásquez Alejandro , Díaz Díez Cristian Andrés
Published: February 2020

Este artículo es el resultado de la revisión normativa, jurisprudencial y doctrinaria, a partir de una estrategia de investigación documental, de la figura del contrato estatal de prestación de servicios, regulada en el Estatuto General de Contratación de la Administración Pública. El objetivo del texto es precisar que se trata de un tipo contractual de compleja delimitación conceptual, ya que la definición contenida en el artículo 32, numeral 3° de la Ley 80 de 1993, según la cual “[s]on contratos de prestación de servicios los que celebren las entidades estatales para desarrollar actividades relacionadas con la administración o funcionamiento de la entidad” es sumamente amplia, generando dudas para establecer si el contrato que se celebre en cada caso cabe o no en dicha tipificación. De igual manera, se estudian las modalidades de contratos de prestación de servicios –profesionales, de apoyo a la gestión y para la realización de actividades artísticas–, al igual que los principales aspectos asociados a su régimen jurídico.
Influencia romano-germánica en el derecho tributario latinoamericano y, en particular, en la doctrina chilena. Análisis sincrónico y diacrónico para la discusión dogmática de hoy
Authors: Faúndez Ugalde Antonio
Published: February 2020

Este artículo presenta un estudio del impacto de las doctrinas romano-germánicas en el derecho tributario latinoamericano y, en particular, su influencia en el pensamiento de autores chilenos, distinguiendo aquellas discusiones que pueden ser incorporadas al debate actual, de aquéllas que solamente pueden ser consideradas como un antecedente histórico. Partiendo del análisis coherente y sistemático de las principales doctrinas romano-germánicas, se establecerá, primero, la forma como fueron reconocidas en Latinoamérica y, segundo, la influencia que han generado en autores chilenos antiguos y de generaciones posteriores, determinando la presencia de escuelas dogmáticas o, simplemente, la elaboración de estudios que intentan organizar un cuerpo ordenado de conocimiento. De acuerdo con lo anterior, los resultados esperados se centran en establecer que las doctrinas romano-germánicas no fueron reconocidas en América Latina considerando sus diferencias metodológicas, teniendo un impacto en los criterios argumentativos de las nuevas generaciones de autores chilenos.
Prestall Instability in Axial Flow Compressors
Authors: Eck Mario , Rückert Roland , Peitsch Dieter , Lehmann Marc
Published: February 2020

The aim of the present paper is to improve the physical understanding of discrete prestall flow disturbances developing in the tip area of the compressor rotor. For this purpose, a complementary instrumentation was used in a single-stage axial compressor. A set of pressure transducers evenly distributed along the circumference surface mounted in the casing near the rotor tip leading edges measures the time-resolved wall pressures simultaneously to an array of transducers recording the chordwise static pressures. The latter allows for plotting quasi-instantaneous casing pressure contours. Any occurring flow disturbances can be properly classified using validated frequency analysis methods applied to the data from the circumferential sensors. While leaving the flow coefficient constant, a continuously changing number of prestall flow disturbances appears to be causing a unique spectral signature, which is known from investigations on rotating instability. Any arising number of disturbances is matching a specific mode order found within this signature. While the flow coefficient is reduced, the propagation speed of prestall disturbances increases linearly, and meanwhile, the speed seems to be independent from the clearance size. Casing contour plots phase-locked to the rotor additionally provide a strong hint on prestall disturbances clearly not to be caused by a leading edge separation. Data taken beyond the stalling limit demonstrate a complex superposition of stall cells and flow disturbances, which the title “prestall disturbance” therefore does not fit to precisely any more. Different convection speeds allow the phenomena to be clearly distinguished from each other. Furthermore, statistical analysis of the pressure fluctuations caused by the prestall disturbances offer the potential to use them as a stall precursor or to quantify the deterioration of the clearance height between the rotor blade tips and the casing wall during the lifetime of an engine.