bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Breve genealogía de las arquitectas en Costa Rica: una reconstrucción
Authors: Mora Valenciano Marianela
Published: November 2024

La falta de documentación sobre arquitectas en la historia de Costa Rica es evidente en el ámbito académico y en las principales publicaciones del país. Esta invisibilidad sistemática oculta los aportes y logros de las mujeres arquitectas. Además, la escasa representación de mujeres docentes como referentes en el campo de la arquitectura refuerza esta desigualdad de género.Se ha observado que incluso los buscadores sugieren cambiar la palabra "arquitectas" por "arquitectos" al referirse a Costa Rica. Esto subraya la necesidad de realizar una revisión histórica para destacar la labor de las mujeres arquitectas en el país.La investigación incluye entrevistas a las primeras arquitectas incorporadas al Colegio Federado de Ingenieros y de Arquitectos (CFIA) y a las primeras graduadas de la Escuela de Arquitectura de la Universidad de Costa Rica. También se recopilan y analizan datos proporcionados por instituciones relevantes.A pesar de las dificultades, se destacan los logros de las arquitectas en áreas como la participación gremial, la representación institucional y la realización de proyectos relacionados con la cultura, la infraestructura y la igualdad de oportunidades.Esta revisión histórica es un primer paso para visibilizar la labor de las arquitectas en Costa Rica. Sin embargo, se reconoce la necesidad de seguir profundizando en el tema y ampliar los detalles para fomentar una mayor igualdad de género en la profesión.
Inversões de perspectivas sobre nossas histórias: viradas epistemológicas
Authors: Tavares Rossana Brandão , Pio Mariana Cristina De Souza , Sacramento Livia Dos Santos
Published: November 2024

A história das mulheres arquitetas tem sido fonte de interesse de muitas pesquisas para dar visibilidade às nossas contribuições como profissionais e acadêmicas. Essa história não se reduz a construção de práticas circunscritas aos ambientes tradicionais da profissão e das universidades, mas também na relação com mulheres que fazem história no dia-a-dia das cidades. Nesse sentido, é significativo mirar para histórias de mulheres, no tempo presente, que tem muito a contribuir para inversões de perspectivas e práticas teóricas, enraizadas no cotidiano feminino. Assim, o objetivo deste artigo é apresentar resultados preliminares de análise e sínteses de investigação no Rio de Janeiro, sobre encontros entre trajetórias de moradia de mulheres, moradoras da área portuária carioca, e nós, pesquisadoras do campo da Arquitetura. Mostramos reflexões derivadas de atividades de pesquisa extensionista, situadas em abordagens interseccionais, dando centralidade a reprodução social na vida urbana das mulheres. O movimento de inversões de perspectivas sobre nossas histórias com vistas a viradas epistemológicas em Arquitetura, tem nos conduzido a experimentação de produção de cartografias apoiada nas experiências vividas, narradas pelas mulheres, ligadas às reflexões sobre suas respectivas trajetórias de moradia.
Archivar a la madre: Un ejercicio autoteórico de la práctica arquitectónica
Authors: Montealegre Pía
Published: November 2024

El siguiente trabajo presenta una investigación en su etapa inicial sobre la arquitecta chilena Myriam Beach, realizada por su hija y socia, la arquitecta Pía Montealegre. Este ejercicio biográfico se transforma así en un archivo autoteórico en donde las dimensiones profesionales y afectivas se cruzan. Se presentan las reflexiones iniciales respecto a los alcances del ejercicio en tres problemáticas: Primero, los alcances de un archivo que debe incorporar y analizar documentos provenientes de la historia laboral y personal. Segundo, la reflexión autoteórica sobre las decisiones y etapas de la vida profesional de investigadora y caso de estudio. Tercero, una reflexión sobre la generización del ejercicio profesional, especialmente en lo relacionado a la arquitectura del paisaje.
How to engage with material within an editorial process? Protocols of the research process of the special issue ‘Frauen in der Architektur—: Frauenarchitektur?’
Authors: Nagler Bettina , Erkan Elias
Published: November 2024

In 1979 the publication of the special issue 31/32 “Frauen in der Architektur—: Frauenarchitektur?” (Women in Architecture—: women’s architecture?) in the renowned architecture magazine Bauwelt marked a pivotal moment in the history of feminist architecture in West Germany. This issue was the first German publication to recognize women architects as integral to the profession. While the perspectives presented in the issue remain relevant today—such as calls for new working conditions for female architects—the articles’ themes do not fully align with current feminist discourses that now encompass intersectionality. By studying this historical milestone, we aim to understand the context in which it was published, its impact, and the responses of the conventional Bauwelt readership. To unlock its situated knowledge, we apply a methodology that acknowledges our own subjectivity and collaborative efforts, aiming to facilitate a dialogue with the material and our backgrounds. As we embark on the project of creating a book about the Bauwelt issue, we adopt an intuitive and dialogical approach, focusing on the unfolding process rather than a predetermined outcome. By promoting collective production, dissemination, and exchange of knowledge, we seek to develop resistant strategies and contribute to the ongoing discourse on feminist achievements in architecture.
Archivar la experiencia de las mujeres: herramientas para el proceso de diseño del proyecto de arquitectura. Una propuesta para el proceso de diseño arquitectónico desde la epistemología feminista
Authors: Páez María José Sepúlveda
Published: November 2024

La epistemología feminista y su teoría del standpoint, a través de su mirada crítica y el uso del género como categoría analítica, otorgará un marco para el desarrollo de proyectos de arquitectura que tomen en consideración la experiencia de las mujeres como fuente válida de conocimiento. El uso de la experiencia de las mujeres y las conclusiones que emanen de su análisis nos permitirá desarrollar proyectos que respondan a sus usuarios y al lugar de forma situada.La documentación y creación de archivos sobre dichas experiencias, por medio de la recopilación de información con métodos de observación y/o escucha a los usuarios del proyecto, constituirá un insumo poderoso para el proceso de diseño.
Los espacios escolares como ‘tercer educador’: estrategias proyectuales desde el feminismo y las perspectivas de género
Authors: Urda Peña Lucila , Amoroso Serafina
Published: November 2024

El presente artículo se apoya en experiencias profesionales propias (talleres y procesos de transformación de entornos escolares) cuyo análisis pretende aportar estrategias y conocimientos nuevos para poder construir un argumento más general. Su objetivo principal tiene una doble vertiente: por una lado, investigar sobre el papel activo que desempeñan los espacios arquitectónicos en el marco del proceso cotidiano e integral de enseñanza-aprendizaje al que se enfrentan los niños y las niñas; por el otro, plantea la importancia de un enfoque pedagógico feminista que incorpore las perspectivas de género a la ‘educación espacial’, en tanto que herramienta crítica importante para detectar el currículo ‘oculto’ de nuestros espacios de vida cotidianos. El marco teóricometodológico en el que se diseñaron y desarrollaron las actividades comprende muchas referencias, en las que se cruzan pedagogía, sociología, arquitectura, urbanismo, feminismo. Frente a un generalizado empobrecimiento cualitativo de los entornos escolares como escenarios de aprendizaje, las acciones arquitectónicas propuestas por los/las participantes de las actividades analizadas demuestran la importancia del patio escolar como tercer educador, planteando la participación, la colaboración, la corresponsabilidad, la multisensorialidad y la naturalización como estrategias proyectuales fundamentales para lograr espacios más inclusivos que constituyan un posible punto de partida para cambios más profundos a nivel educativo.
Memoria urbana y feminismos: una mirada histórica a la conquista de ciudadanía de las mujeres en Santiago de Chile
Authors: Pastor Martínez Luciana , Saavedra Meléndez Valentina , Gatica Araya Paulina , Rodríguez Parada María Paz
Published: November 2024

Este manuscrito estudia los acontecimientos urbanos simbólicos relevantes para la conquista de ciudadanía de las mujeres en Santiago de Chile durante el siglo XX, desde una perspectiva feminista. Busca reconocer su importancia en la construcción de una memoria urbano-espacial colectiva que reivindique la historia de las mujeres como parte esencial de la historia social, política y cultural de Chile. La investigación sostiene que la memoria oficial chilena ha sido construida desde visiones masculinas, omitiendo procesos clave en la lucha por la ciudadanía femenina, lo que se refleja en la escasa referencia simbólica en el espacio urbano de Santiago. Sin embargo, se han identificado varios acontecimientos feministas que deben ser rescatados para construir una memoria urbano-espacial de las mujeres. Mediante análisis documental, se elaboró un catastro de estos eventos, considerando el tipo de conquista, las organizaciones involucradas, el momento histórico y su localización. Se profundizó en el periodo 1973-1990, enfocándose en la resistencia cívico-política de las mujeres durante la dictadura militar chilena. Esta investigación ha sido realizada en el marco del Proyecto Fondart Nacional, modalidad Investigación en Arquitectura, Folio 636701, Ministerio de las Culturas, las Artes y el Patrimonio de Chile.
Contribution to the Digital Archive of Greek Women Architects 1923-1981
Authors: Kalousi Louiza
Published: November 2024

The current article presents an example of participation in the creation of the "Digital Archive of Greek Women Architects 1923-1981" [Femarch]. Through the brief description of Femarch, the paper seeks to join the dialogue of the research on the life and work of women architects who compose and deliver a different, more complete history of architecture.This contribution consists of the biography of Anastasia-Soula Tzakou (Fig. 1), one of the pioneering women Architects of the 1960s in Greece, who through her important work in modern architecture of the Greek territory brings to the surface of the discussion the need to enrich the historiography of architecture with the contribution of women architects.In conclusion, the article aims to engage with the contemporary international movement of historiographical documentation and compilation of women architects' archives and eventually to identify, according to the authors’ view, the various concerns that were raised during the process of compiling Femarch.
Los concursos de vivienda de Arquitectura Rifa: hacia un repositorio con perspectiva de género
Authors: Varela Martínez Alma
Published: November 2024

El Concurso de Vivienda de Arquitectura Rifa, cada año convoca a estudiantes de la Facultad de Arquitectura Diseño y Urbanismo de la Universidad de la República (FADU-UdelaR) a proyectar y ensayar sobre el espacio doméstico. El proyecto premiado se construye y se otorga a habitantes indeterminados como premio mayor de la rifa que reúne fondos para el viaje de estudios de la generación estudiantil. Esta singular tradición de más de setenta años, es impulsada desde el ámbito estudiantil con orientación docente puntual. Es una experiencia única en términos temporales, organizativos y formativos que implica un aprendizaje complementario a las prácticas de proyecto en cursos de taller de arquitectura y, a diferencia de las ejercitaciones curriculares, se materializa y habita. La tesis de doctorado en proceso "Habitar Concurso", revisita esta serie de casas para develar las articulaciones entre lo proyectado en la Academia y los imaginarios y prácticas domésticas de sus habitantes, y para plantear una alternativa de repositorio desde una perspectiva de género. En paralelo se reflexiona sobre los concursos de proyecto, que lejos de ser engranajes neutros al género, permanecen atravesados por las estructuras relacionales que condicionan las participaciones de las personas y espejan desigualdades del ejercicio profesional, aún en las prácticas estudiantiles.
La violencia en la denominación; arquitectura sostenible enlazado con las dinámicas de género
Authors: Navarro Bosch Ana , Salvador Lujan Nuria , Barrera Puigdollers Jose Manuel
Published: November 2024

Una constante de la arquitectura desde la modernidad ha sido el exceso de denominación tomando pautas de la ciencia; un afán clasificatorio que encasilla diversidades o sensibilidades, de muy difícil consignación pues tratan de ordenar parámetros cualitativos como los cuantitativos, tal como relaciona el pensamiento científico. En la historia este mecanicismo ha servido para discriminar entre una pluralidad de resultados con la aspiración de poder entender un problema complejo lleno de matices y sesgos. Sin embargo, recientemente las designaciones han aparecido como adjetivaciones a la arquitectura con interés sígnico. Es decir, en lugar de ordenar una amalgama de resultados, se plantea desde el origen sin haber generado una masa crítica suficiente, con una pretensión discriminatoria previa en una clara pretensión de construir más un orden simbólico que un conocimiento ordenado. Esto ha ocurrido con las adjetivaciones sostenibilidad y género, más preocupadas en generar signos diferenciadores o familias de resultados a los que adscribirse, que la comprensión de una problemática inherente a la arquitectura. Tal inversión -que supone una transgresión-, supone una orientación de partida y como tal constituye precondiciones excluyentes, para abordar conceptos que son inclusivos. Lo cual constituye una violencia. En lo que sigue analizamos tal violencia desde la arquitectura, buscando el secreto que la causa.
Seshat, senhora dos construtores: entre a divindade e a arquiteta
Authors: Peixoto Ingrid Teixeira
Published: November 2024

Este trabalho aborda Seshat, uma figura egípicia conhecida como “senhora dos construtores” dentre outros títulos relacionados à pratica da arquitetura, onde sua principal função estava vinculada com a implantação de edifícios sagrados. Arquitetos egípicios possuiam erudição em escrita, matemática e astronomia e estavam ligados à cargos de alto sacerdócio, características verificáveis em Seshat nas suas descrições e registros iconográficos. A maioria dos pesquisadores, condicionado por expectativas sexistas, afastam a possibilidade de que mulheres egípcias pudessem exercer qualquer ofício relacionado à escrita e a arquitetura. À despeito de alguns indícios encontrados, sua figura continua categoricamente sendo deificada, mesmo enquanto coordena a construção de edifícios, faz a contabilidade do reino, e executa cerimônias ao lado do faraó. Estas atividades são muitas vezes consideradas incompatíveis com os papéis atribuídos à mulheres na Antiguidade, restando aos pesquisadores apenas a concessão de um status divino para que Seshat pudesse exercé-las. Apesar de sua importância e rica iconografia, não se tem conhecimento de nenhum templo dedicado à uma deusa sob o seu nome, nem mesmo de ritos dedicados à sua adoração. A partir de novas interpretações, este trabalho levanta a hipótese de que Seshat poderia se tratar de um título dado à mulheres eruditas egípcias e não apenas uma deidade feminina, e assim, descortinar novas possibilidades sobre os papeis sociais das mulheres na antiguidade, em especial, a possibilidade da atuação delas enquanto arquitetas.
NAM: Un archivo matrístico de mujeres en la arquitectura española, 1978-2008
Authors: Gutiérrez Mozo Elia , Gilsanz-Díaz Ana
Published: November 2024

El proyecto “Miradas Situadas: Arquitectura de Mujer en España desde Perspectivas Periféricas, 1978-2008”, concedido a grupos de investigación consolidados por la Conselleria de Innovación, Universidades, Ciencia y Sociedad Digital de la Generalitat Valenciana (2021-2023), se desarrolla en la Universidad de Alicante, UA, desde el Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Estudios de Género, IUIEG. Se inserta en un contexto de auténtica efervescencia de los estudios feministas, sobre las mujeres y de género en arquitectura y urbanismo. Tales investigaciones se han focalizado, básicamente, en tres aspectos: la revisión histórica e historiográfica de las aportaciones de las mujeres a la disciplina; el uso de la perspectiva de género en el análisis de la ciudad; y la concepción de proyectos complejos, diversos, inclusivos e igualitarios.
Propuesta urbanas, criterios de género, generación de formas
Authors: Bofill Levi Anna
Published: November 2024

Empezaré hablándoles de la primera arquitecta feminista abordó estos problemas, aunque en aquel entonces no se les denominaba género. La palabra género aún no existía; fue una creación de la comunidad europea algunos años después. Quisiera destacar algo más tarde al respecto. En segundo lugar, deseo expresar mi saludo y admiración a Dolores Hayden. Estoy emocionada de verla aquí, recordando claramente cuando la invitamos a participar en nuestros seminarios mientras trabajábamos en el proyecto “Mujeres en la Ciudad”. Organizamos seminarios con expertas internacionales que abordaron el feminismo y su aplicación a los problemas urbanos y arquitectónicos y entre ellas estaba Dolores, creo que era el año 96, más o menos.
Cinco puntos hacia la arquitectura feminista
Authors: Moisset Inés
Published: November 2024

Una transformación estructural de la arquitectura y del urbanismo desde una perspectiva feminista desafía los enfoques patriarcales que han dominado la disciplina. Sostenemos que la arquitectura ha perpetuado dinámicas excluyentes enfatizando la necesidad de redefinirla. Se plantea la importancia de cuestionar los saberes hegemónicos, integrar conocimientos diversos de otras disciplinas y entender los contextos específicos en los que operamos, como así también incidir para transformarlos. Proponemos cinco puntos clave centrados en: cuestionar las estructuras tradicionales que refuerzan inequidades de género en el espacio urbano; producir nuevos conocimientos que visibilicen la experiencia de mujeres y comunidades marginadas; contextualizar la práctica de la arquitectura dentro de su realidad social y cultural; fomentar comunidades que impulsen una práctica colaborativa y transformadora; y comprometerse con la equidad social y de género, tanto en la creación de espacios más inclusivos como en la incidencia en políticas públicas. Este enfoque no solo busca cambiar el diseño de los espacios, sino también la participación de diversas voces, alineándose con los principios de igualdad de género del Objetivo 5 de la Agenda 2030.
Does ChatGPT have sociolinguistic competence?
Authors: Duncan Daniel
Published: November 2024

Large language models are now able to generate content- and genre-appropriate prose with grammatical sentences. However, these targets do not fully encapsulate human-like language use. For example, set aside is the fact that human language use involves sociolinguistic variation that is regularly constrained by internal and external factors. This article tests whether one widely used LLM application, ChatGPT, is capable of generating such variation. I construct an English corpus of “sociolinguistic interviews” using the application and analyze the generation of seven morphosyntactic features. I show that the application largely fails to generate any variation at all when one variant is prescriptively incorrect, but that it is able to generate variable deletion of the complementizer that that is internally constrained, with variants occurring at human-like rates. ChatGPT fails, however, to properly generate externally constrained complementizer that deletion. I argue that these outcomes reflect bias both in the training data and Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback. I suggest that testing whether an LLM can properly generate sociolinguistic variation is a useful metric for evaluating if it generates human-like language.
Two linguistic levels of lexical ambiguity and a unified categorical representation
Authors: Song Chenchen
Published: November 2024

Lexical disambiguation is one of the oldest problems in natural language processing. There are three main types of lexical ambiguity: part-of-speech ambiguity, homonymy, and polysemy, typically divided into two tasks in practice. While this division suffices for engineering purposes, it does not align well with human intuition. In this article, I use lexical ambiguity as a representative case to demonstrate how insights from theoretical linguistics can be helpful for developing more human-like meaning and knowledge representations in natural language understanding. I revisit the three types of lexical ambiguity and propose a structured reclassification of them into two levels using the theoretical linguistic tool of root syntax. Recognizing the uneven expressive power of root syntax across these levels, I further translate the theoretical linguistic insights into the language of category theory, mainly using the tool of topos. The resulting unified categorical representation of lexical ambiguity preserves rootsyntactic insights, has strong expressive power at both linguistic levels, and can potentially serve as a bridge between theoretical linguistics and natural language understanding.
Analysis of the perception of harassment episodes or bullying to nursing students in their clinical practice
Authors: Quintana Lavado María
Published: November 2024

Objectives: Visualize the perception of the level of harassment and intimidation that exists towards nursing students by health professionals, non-health professionals and users in their clinical practices. These students come from the Universities of Malaga, Cordoba, Sevilla, Granada, Ceuta and Melilla. In addition, analyze the possible consequences produced by the perception of harassment and intimidation of these students and propose methods that universities can use to address this problem. Background: Violence in the workplace consists of violent acts against workers that can occur in verbal, physical or psychological violence. This act is very frequent in the nursing profession due to the levels of stress that are experienced, to which is added long and tiring shifts, dealing with critically ill patients and relatives with uncertainty that can cause difficult and violent situations. Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with the survey model used by Tee in 2016 in a study carried out in the United Kingdom. The number of respondents was 64. Conclusions: The results indicate a perception of the episodes of intimidation and/or harassment in the clinical practices of the students may affect their thoughts as a future profession and can even lead to career abandonment before finishing it. Universities and health centres should work to solve this problem.
Diversidad y estructura horizontal a lo largo de un gradiente altitudinal en el Santuario de la Cotorra Serrana Occidental en Madera, Chihuahua
Authors: Molina-Marchan Emanuel , Yerena-Yamallel José I. , Estrada-Castillón Andrés E. , Alanís-Rodríguez Eduardo , Narváez-Flores Raúl
Published: November 2024

Introducción. La variación en altitud puede influir en la diversidad y estructura de un bosque. Objetivo.  Determinar  la  diversidad,  estructura  horizontal  y  afinidad  arbórea  de  un  bosque templado bajo conservación a través de un gradiente altitudinal.
Materiales y métodos. La investigación se realizó en el Santuario de la Cotorra Serrana Occidental en tres intervalos altitudinales: 1) 2307 a 2466 m, 2) 2466 a 2625 m y 3) 2625 a 2785 m. La estructura horizontal se obtuvo mediante el índice de valor de importancia (IVI); se realizó análisis de varianza y prueba de Tukey (p < 0.05) para el índice de diversidad de Shannon-Wiener, equidad de Pielou y riqueza de Margalef. La similitud se determinó con el índice de Morisita-Horn.
Resultados y discusión. Se registraron tres familias, cinco géneros y siete especies; Pinus strobiformis Engelm. tuvo el mayor IVI con valores superiores al 25 %. La familia Pinaceae es la más representativa con tres especies en categoría de riesgo. La abundancia disminuyó conforme la altitud aumentó (p < 0.05). La dominancia mostró tendencia ascendente respecto a la altitud, a diferencia de la equidad y diversidad verdadera; sin embargo, no  hubo  diferencias  significativas entre los intervalos (p > 0.05). La riqueza no mostró comportamiento relacionado con la altitud y la semejanza florística fue alta (75 a 93 %) entre los tres intervalos.
Conclusiones. La dominancia y los índices de diversidad y equidad fueron similares en los tres intervalos. La semejanza florística indica que la variación en altitud puede ocasionar un cambio gradual en la composición.
Cultural Preservation and Identity: Exploring Strategies for Preserving Cultural Identity among Refugees, Migrants and Minority Communities While Promoting Integration and Social Cohesion
Authors: Chibuzor Ephraim ONYEMA
Published: November 2024

Abstract:  The preservation of cultural identity among refugees, migrants and minority communities poses a serious challenge in the context of increasing global travel. This essay examines several tactics meant to support social cohesiveness and integration within host nations while still protecting cultural identity. This research identifies critical elements that support the effective preservation of cultural heritage by an extensive analysis of the body of existing literature. The study highlights the value of inclusive policies, community-driven projects, and educational programs in promoting a sense of respect and belonging across various communities. It also emphasizes how important intercultural communication and cooperation are to reducing cultural differences and promoting social harmony. This study offers a sound understanding of how cultural integration and preservation can coexist, ultimately leading to more inclusive and cohesive societies, by looking at successful models and potential roadblocks. Policymakers, social workers, educators, and community leaders who are dedicated to promoting social integration and cultural variety in a global community that is becoming more interconnected will find great value in these findings.
An Examination of Nigerian Seaports Performance and Consistency
Authors: C. A. Enyinda , F. O. Abang , K. T Gbadamosi
Published: November 2024

An essential measure of a port’s effectiveness is its efficiency; a well-run port lowers transportation costs, gets rid of traffic, and shortens vessel turnaround times. This study examines users’ perceptions of the pre- and transition phase of performance of Nigerian seaports. The study deployed the use of qualitative and quantitative research methods, with data spanning between the periods 1994 and 2021. The results from the study, reveal that the geographical location and the quality of port services were positive, the users rated the selected port with various variables which include, Port Services, Managerial Competency in Terminal Operations, Provision of adequate and Modern Critical Infrastructure, the use of Information Technology for cargoes clearance. In the table below, Satisfaction of port services were poorly rated during the pre-concession era with the mean value of 1.70, while at the era of post concession it was rated with the mean value of 2.75. The study concludes that the implementation of concessions during the period of this study had a positive but weak effect on the performance of seaports in Nigeria. This could be attributed to the continuous level of government interference in port operations despite concessions, which impedes the smooth performance of the nation’s ports. The study recommends that efforts should be made to enhance the policy of eradicating corrupt practices in the seaport.
A Bayesian Learning Framework Powered by IoT for Enhancing Highway Safety and Reducing Accidents: A Case Study of Benin-Onitsha Express Way
Authors: Jibunor Jonathan Ebube , Odigie Benison Blessing , Igbape Olamotse Roland
Published: November 2024

The problem of frequent accidents on the Benin-Onitsha Express Way in Nigeria expressway necessitated the development of a predictive system that can enhance road safety. To address this issue, the study employed a framework that leverages real-time data collection from vehicles and road conditions to predict accident risks and deliver timely warnings to drivers. The methodology involved analyzing three years of historical accident data to identify high-risk areas and develop a cost-effective IoT model utilizing Bayesian learning techniques. The framework incorporated ESP8266-based client devices installed in vehicles, which gathered information on location, speed, and road conditions. This data was transmitted to a central server via Wi-Fi or GSM for analysis. The IoT platform ThingSpeak was utilized for data storage and visualization, facilitating real-time monitoring of vehicle locations and accident risk intensity. Results from the study demonstrated that the Bayesian model effectively identified accident-prone locations, achieving an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) of 0.82, indicating excellent discrimination between high-risk and low-risk areas. The model achieved 75% precision and 80% recall, with a 15% false positive rate, which was deemed acceptable given the significant reduction in accidents observed. A comparative analysis revealed a decrease in reported accidents from 25 to 15 after system deployment, suggesting a positive impact on highway safety. Overall, the findings underscore the potential of integrating IoT and Bayesian learning for developing intelligent systems aimed at improving road safety and reducing accident rates on the Benin-Onitsha Express Way.
Hematological Changes in Newly Diagnosed Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients on Standard Anti-TB Treatment Regimen and their Influence on Smear Conversion
Authors: Mwilitsa Edwin , Raballah Evans , Kimoloi Sammy
Published: November 2024

Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) mortality remains high despite the availability of effective anti-TB therapy. Disease and treatment-associated hematological derangements at diagnosis and during therapy might contribute to this high TB mortality rate. This paper aims to determine hematological changes in newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients on standard anti-TB treatment regimen and their influence on smear conversion. The study adopted a longitudinal design in which 55 newly diagnosed HIV negative PTB patients were followed up to the fifth month of anti-TB therapy. Blood samples (5ml) were collected for diagnosis during the second and fifth months and analyzed using automated HumaCount 5D hematology analyzer. Data was analyzed using Kruskal-wallis test with Dunn’s multiple comparisons test in Graph-Pad prism version 6.0. Throughout therapy, there was a statistically significant time-dependent decrease in median total white blood cell counts from 6.82x103/ uL at diagnosis to 5.87x103/ uL at the fifth month (P=0.0358). This decrease in total WBC count was majorly driven by significant decrease in the neutrophil numbers from 4.31x103/ uL at diagnosis to 2.97x103/ uL at the fifth month. The proportion of patients who had anemia at the fifth month of treatment increased compared to the second month post intensive phase. There was also a significant decrease in MCV, MCH and MCHC at the second month compared to diagnosis. Moreover, the median platelet count, MPV, PDW and PCT% decreased from 314x103/ uL, 8.9 fL, 10.4 fL and 0.273 at diagnosis to 232x103/ uL, 10.15 fL, 12.5 fL and 0.235 at the fifth month, respectively. High WBC count, high platelet count, low lymphocyte count and low HGB at the end of month two of therapy were shown to increase the likelihood of sputum non-conversion (OR-2.42 (95% Ci 2.07-2.82)), (OR-1.5 (95% Ci 1.01-2.22)), (OR-1 (95% Ci 1-1)) and (OR-2.58 (95% Ci 1.68-3.95)), respectively (P<0.05). A significant number of PTB patients presented with anemia, thrombocytosis and leukocytosis. The proportion of patients with anemia increased over time. The study recommends screening for hematological abnormalities in patients for tailored patient interventions for better clinical outcomes.
Authoritative Parenting Style and Social-Emotional Development of Pre-Primary Learners: A Case of Lurambi Sub-Kakamega County, Kenya
Authors: Wafula Pauline Nelima , Ogutu Joel, P. , Were Dinah S.
Published: November 2024

Parenting is crucial to a child's growth and development since so much of what they learn in their formative years hinges on the strength of their relationships with their parents. The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of authoritative parenting styles on social emotional development of pre-primary learners. The study adopted Baumrind's theory on parenting styles and used descriptive survey research design. The target population was 6,848 pre-primary learners, 264 ECD teachers, and 6,526 parents in Lurambi Sub-County-Kenya. Simple random and purposive sampling techniques helped to obtain sample size of 400 pre-primary learners, 26 ECD teachers and 20 ECD parents from 19 pre-schools. The interview schedule, questionnaire and focus group discussions were used to generate data for the study. The regression analysis indicated that authoritative parenting style had a statistically significant effect in predicting social emotional development of pre-primary learners as indicated by R2 =.206 (20.6%); F(1,18), = 4.661, B= .541, t=2.159, p<0.045. The study concluded that most children had active conversation with their parents, the study also concluded that most children were given token by their parents before doing task, the study also most parents made demands from their children. The study recommends that parents should use authoritative parenting to enhance children’s social emotional development.
PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DE PACIENTES DIAGNOSTICADOS COM MENINGITE NA MACRORREGIÃO OESTE DO PARANÁ, ENTRE OS ANOS DE 2016 E 2023
Authors: Paulin João Paulo Bocca , Oliveira Maiara Sant'Ana Molica de , Gomes Ellen Carolina Zawoski , Bandeira João Luís Corso
Published: November 2024

A meningite é um processo inflamatório das meninges, essa doença pode ser causada por múltiplos agentes infecciosos, como bactérias, vírus fungos e agentes não infecciosos. Observa-se que o quadro clínico de meningite é grave, sendo uma síndrome caracterizada por febre, cefaleia intensa, rigidez de nuca, náusea, vômito, prostração e confusão mental, juntamente com sinais de irritação meníngea como Sinal de Kernig e Sinal de Brudzinski, acompanhados de alterações do Líquido Cefalorraquidiano (LCR). Embora as meningites virais serem as mais comuns, as de origem bacteriana possuem maior relevância epidemiológica devido ao alto potencial de causarem surtos, piores desfechos clínicos e altas taxas de morbimortalidade, principalmente em crianças de regiões com baixo nível socioeconômico. Dessa forma, o estudo do perfil epidemiológico dessa doença é de suma importância. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os agentes etiológicos e grupos de risco para o desenvolvimento da meningite, na Macrorregião Oeste do Paraná, entre os anos de 2016 e 2023. Para isso, os dados foram coletados da plataforma DATASUS e analisados estatisticamente. P-valor foi significativo quando < 0,05. Os resultados mostram que, embora os homens sejam mais afetados pela meningite, não diferiram significativamente das mulheres, no Paraná. Ainda, os resultados ressaltam que o principal grupo de risco são as crianças menores do que 1 ano de idade, seguido pelas faixas etárias de 20 a 39 e 40 a 59 anos. Embora sejam o principal grupo de risco, as crianças são aquelas que apresentam melhores desfechos, sendo o grupo com maior número de altas. Quanto aos principais tipos de meningite, destacam-se a meningite viral e bacteriana, sendo a viral aquela que apresenta melhor desfecho, em relação a meningite bacteriana. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo podem contribuir para a elaboração de políticas públicas visando a elaboração de protocolos e organização da assistência hospitalar, além do desenvolvimento de estratégias para aumentar a adesão e cobertura vacinal, sobretudo para os grupos de risco.
Decoupling of δ18O from surface temperature in Antarctica in an ensemble of historical simulations
Authors: Goursaud Oger Sentia , Sime Louise C. , Holloway Max
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Stable water isotopes recorded in Antarctic ice cores have traditionally been used to infer past surface air temperatures (SATs). During the historical period (1850 onward), observational data and good-quality ice core records overlap, yielding an opportunity to investigate key relationships between ice core stable water isotope (δ18O) measurements and the Antarctic climate. We present a new ensemble of climate model simulations covering 1851–2004 using the UK Met Office HadCM3 general circulation model equipped with stable water isotopes. Our ensemble captures observed historical SAT and precipitation trends and weak δ18O trends. The weak δ18O trends mean there is no significant relationship between SAT and δ18O over one-third of Antarctica, and also half of our considered ice core sites, though relationships are stronger when using regional averages. The strongest regional relationships occur in the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) region. This decoupling between SAT and δ18O occurs primarily because of the impact of autumnal sea ice loss during the simulated warming. The warming and sea ice loss are associated with (i) changes in near-coastal air mass intrusions (synoptic effects) induced by changes in the large-scale circulation and/or sea ice; (ii) direct sea-ice-driven changes in moisture pathways (especially lengths) to Antarctica; and (iii) precipitation seasonality changes, again mostly driven by sea ice changes. Consequently, when reconstructing temperatures over these timescales, changes in sea ice need to be considered, both to determine the most appropriate SAT and δ18O relationship and to understand how uncertainties affect the inference of past temperature from ice core δ18O measurements.
Saharan warm air intrusions in the Western Mediterranean: identification, impacts on temperature extremes and large-scale mechanisms
Authors: Cos Pep , Olmo Matias , Campos Diego , Marcos-Matamoros Raül , Palma Lluís , Muñoz Angel G. , Doblas-Reyes Francisco J.
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Saharan warm intrusions are air masses that develop over the Saharan region and that get advected into surrounding regions, creating anomalous atmospheric situations in other regions. This paper focuses on the characteristics of these intrusions into the Western Mediterranean region (WMed) and their relationship with extreme temperatures in the neighbouring areas during the recent past (1959–2022). We describe and evaluate a methodology to identify Saharan air masses throughout the year and, consequently, a historical catalogue of intrusion events that reach the WMed is built. To identify which large-scale phenomena might be relevant for the formation of the intrusions, we first identify different intrusion types (IT) through a clustering procedure. Four different ITs are found, which discriminate the intrusions according to their longitudinal position over the Mediterranean region. Upper-tropospheric anomalies are linked to the onset of these events, in particular, an anomalous geopotential high over the intrusions region that slows down the upper-tropospheric circulation over northern Africa. These events are very relevant as they impact extreme temperatures throughout the year and account for a high percentage of the extreme temperature events recorded in the WMed and neighbouring regions in summer.
A Survey and Identification of Plant Parasitic Nematodes Associated with Grapevine (Vitis Vinifera L.) in The Regions East of Wadi Al-Ajal (Ubari) Southern Libya
Authors: Fadel Sulaiman , Masoud Abu Baker , Al-Taraqi Al Mahdi , Ateeq Muhammad
Published: November 2024

This study aims to identify and identify nematodes parasitic on grape plants in the areas east of Wadi Al-Ajal “Ubari” in southern Libya, where it surveyed 14 fields in the spring of 2014. These areas are famous for growing grapes: Al-Abyad, Bin Harith, Al-Hamra, Akhlaif, and Al-Qalaa. I collected 50 soil and root samples, at a 1:1 ratio, from grape bushes whose external appearance indicated a possible nematode infestation. The symptoms were as follows: stunted plants, pale leaves, few in number، small in size, yellowing, and lack of growth. Nematodes were isolated using Berman funnels and sieves, conducted in the Plant Pathology Laboratory, Plant Protection Department, College of Agriculture - Sebha University, Libya. The results indicated the presence of five genera associated with grape plants in the study areas. Four genera belong to the Tylenchida order, which is the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne spp., the canker nematode Pratylenchus spp., the spiral nematode genus Rotylenchus spp., and the genus Helicotylenchus spp., and the prevalence of these genera in the fields was 100%, 35.71%, 35.71%, and 7.14%, respectively, and only one genus belongs to the order Dorylaimida, which is the xiphoid nematode Xiphinema spp. with a prevalence rate of 7.14%. As for the distribution of these genera in the different study areas, and from the results of the inventory, it was found that the spread of the root-knot nematode M. Spp. in all regions, followed by the canker nematode P. Spp. was recorded in most areas except the Qalaa area, followed by the spiral nematode genus R. Spp. ranked third in Al-Abyad, Al-Khalif, and Al-Qalaa. In contrast, the lowest presence was recorded only for the spiral nematode genus H. Spp. and xiphoid nematode X. Spp. in the Akhlif area. Thus, the Akhlif area is the only area where all species parasitic on grape plants were recorded in the study area.
VARIATION PATTERNS OF CO2 AND CH4 ACCORDING TO THE MEASUREMENTS IN THE SURFACE ATMOSPHERE OVER URBAN AND SUBURBAN AREAS IN 2021–2022
Authors:   Institute of Industrial Ecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, ANTONOV K.L. , GULYAEV E.A. ,   Institute of Industrial Ecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,   Ural Federal University, MARKELOV YU.I. ,   Institute of Industrial Ecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,   Ural Federal University, PODDUBNY V.A. ,   Institute of Industrial Ecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: November 2024

The patterns and factors of changes in CO2 and CH4 concentrations in the surface atmosphere of an urbanized and suburban environment were analyzed based on the results of the synchronous measurements in Yekaterinburg and the Kourovka Astronomical Observatory (KAO) in September 2021–August 2022. On average, the maximum levels of CO2 in Yekaterinburg (443.2 ppm) were shown to be higher than in KAO (432.4 ppm) and were reached in January. The minima, on the contrary, were lower in the city than in the suburban area (405.4 ppm in July in Yekaterinburg against 412.7 ppm in September in KAO). Enhanced CO2 levels in the warm season in KAO were caused by very high nighttime concentrations (up to 500 ppm), which was not observed in the surface urban atmosphere. For CH4, the seasonal dynamics in the city and in KAO was similar: the maximum levels were reached in January (2.154 and 2.076 ppm), and the minima were registered in June (1.998 and 1.971 ppm). The mutual influence of the territories under consideration was assessed to be moderate. The results of the study can be used to develop a technology for assessing the carbon balances on a regional scale, which is the main task of the Carbon Supersites program in the Urals.
VERIFICATION OF SEASONAL ENSEMBLE FORECASTS BASED ON THE INM-CM5 EARTH SYSTEM MODEL
Authors:   Hydrometeorological Research Center of the Russian Federation, KHAN V.M. , KRUGLOVA E.N. ,   Hydrometeorological Research Center of the Russian Federation, TISHCHENKO V.A. ,   Hydrometeorological Research Center of the Russian Federation, KULIKOVA I.A. ,   Hydrometeorological Research Center of the Russian Federation, SUBBOTIN A.V. ,   Hydrometeorological Research Center of the Russian Federation, GRITSUN A.S. ,   Marchuk Institute of Numerical Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences, VOLODIN E.M. ,   Hydrometeorological Research Center of the Russian Federation,   Marchuk Institute of Numerical Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences, TARASEVICH M.A. ,   Hydrometeorological Research Center of the Russian Federation,   Marchuk Institute of Numerical Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences,   Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, BRAGINA V.V. ,   Hydrometeorological Research Center of the Russian Federation,   Marchuk Institute of Numerical Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: November 2024

The issues related to the verification of ensemble seasonal forecasts obtained using a new technology implemented on the basis of the INM-CM5 Earth system model are considered. The forecast objects are global gridded (2.5° × 2.5°) fields of ensemble mean anomalies and probabilities of three gradations of the anomalies (below normal, normal, above normal) for each of the five characteristics: 500 hPa geopotential height (H500), mean sea level pressure (SLP), 850 hPa air temperature (T850), surface air temperature (T2m), and precipitation (Prec) for six periods of time averaging (at monthly intervals for the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th months and at two seasonal intervals: season 1 (the 1st-3rd months) and season 2 (the 2nd-4th months)). It is noted that forecast skill scores vary greatly depending on a region, a season, and a meteorological parameter. The best results for all parameters were obtained for the tropics, where the main sources of long-term predictability of the atmosphere are located. In extratropical latitudes, the quality of forecasts, especially at the monthly intervals, decreases and approaches the level of climate forecasts. The skill of precipitation forecasts is significantly inferior to the quality of forecasts of other meteorological parameters. It is noted that the success in ensemble seasonal probabilistic and deterministic forecasting of the main meteorological elements with the INM-CM5 model, both on a global scale and in individual regions, is comparable with the skill scores of similar forecasts of the foreign meteorological centers participating in the LC MME-WMO project. The introduction of the new climate model into the scientific and operational practice of the Hydrometcenter of Russia/North Eurasia Climate Centre will contribute to improving the quality of monthly and seasonal forecasts and developing specialized climate services.
CURRENT STATUS AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE COSMO-RUSIB NON-HYDROSTATIC SHORT-RANGE WEATHER FORECASTING SYSTEM FOR THE URAL-SIBERIAN REGION
Authors:   Siberian Regional Research Hydrometeorological Institute, KOLKER A.B. ,   Novosibirsk State Technical University, GOCHAKOV A.V. ,   Siberian Regional Research Hydrometeorological Institute, GAZIMOV T.F. ,   Siberian Regional Research Hydrometeorological Institute,   National Research Tomsk State University, KRUPCHATNIKOV V.N. ,   Siberian Regional Research Hydrometeorological Institute,   Institute of Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Geophysics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, ZDEREVA M.YA. ,   Siberian Regional Research Hydrometeorological Institute, TOKAREV V.M. ,   Siberian Regional Research Hydrometeorological Institute
Published: November 2024

The paper describes the configuration of the COSMO-Ru6Sib system with a horizontal grid spacing of 6.6 km adapted to regional conditions. The COSMO-Ru2Sib configuration with a horizontal grid spacing of 2.2 km is also considered. The results of modifying this configuration using weather radar data assimilation as well as urban canopy parameterization are presented and discussed. The results of numerical experiments for the COSMO-Ru6Sib with the COSMO and ICON-LAM models as compute kernels are also presented.