bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The study of the risk factor profile of stroke in young: a retrospective study
Authors: Srinivas G. , Muthalik Manoj , Aashik Y. S.
Published: December 2020

Background: Cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) is the second leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the world. Traditional risk factors for stroke are not very frequent in young population. However, other permanent or transient risk factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, use of oral contraceptives, migraine, and puerperium have a more important role in young population. The objective of our study is to establish the risk factor profile in stroke in young.Methods: This retrospective study of 100 patients of stroke, in the age group of 18–40 years, admitted in the medical wards of BMCRI, Bangalore. The patients were identified from the medical records from January 2018 to June 2019.Results: Out of 100 patients of stroke in young, males were (58%) than females (42%) sex ratio was 1.38:1. Most common age group was 36-40 years (34%), mean age was 31.24 years. Most common risk factor was Hypertension (34%) followed by smoking (33%), alcohol consumption (28%), diabetes (21%), morbid obesity (12%). Most common type of stroke was ischemic (78%) and hemorrhagic (22%). In our study, 63.6% of hemorrhagic patients had hypertension showing statistically significant. Among patients of ischemic stroke, most common risk factor was smoking and tobacco chewing (32%).Conclusions: There is rising trend in stroke among young, hence we should evaluate for various risk factors and identification these factors in otherwise healthy individuals and with life style modifications, we can prevent the increase in incidence of Stroke among young.
Study of the effect of pharmacotherapeutic audit meetings on prescription writing in a tertiary care center-an interventional study
Authors: Kumar Vinod , Dhar Minakshi , Handu Shailendra , Kumar Vikas , Dhamija Puneet
Published: December 2020

Background: Rational drug prescription is a practice when an appropriate drug with correct dosage, formulation, frequency and duration is prescribed. Prescription audit with the help of regular Pharmaco-therapeutic audit meetings (PTAM) is a continuous cycle, involving observing practice, setting standards, comparing practice with standards, implementing changes and observing new practice. World health organization (WHO) and international network for rational use of drugs (INRUD) jointly provided a few prescription and drug use indicators to guide rational prescription writing practice. Aim of the study was to assess the effect of pharmaco-therapeutic audit meetings on prescription writing and its rationality.Methods: This was a single center cross-sectional, prospective study conducted over a period of 14 months (December 2018-February 2020). Prescriptions from outpatient departments of general medicine, pulmonary medicine, physical medicine and rehabilitation (PMR), community and family medicine (CFM), pediatrics and psychiatry were collected. All the collected prescriptions were screened for rationality using WHO/INRUD core indicators and the index of rational drug prescribing was calculated. Prescriptions beyond acceptable limit were discussed in PTAM and same process was repeated over next 2 months to assess change in prescribing patterns after PTAM. Chi-square and student’s t-test was used for statistical analysis.Results: Statistically significant change in proportions for antibiotic prescribing was 3.4% [95% CI (-1.7%-9.4%), p=0.20] and prescriptions with generic name drugs was 10.5% [95% CI (6.1-14.6%) p<0.0001 was seen while no significant change was seen in injectable preparation use 0.6% [95% CI (-0.6%-1.5%); p=0.26)] and prescriptions from essential drug list (EDL) 0.5% [95% CI (-4.2%-5.4%) p=0.83].Conclusions: Our study showed that PTAM is an effective way to improve rationality of prescriptions and must be done regularly for improving prescribing practices.
Pattern and determinants of obesity among undergraduate medical students of Delhi
Authors: Setu Yachna , Sulania Anika , Jha Ravi Prakash , Goel Shelesh Kumar
Published: December 2020

Background: Obesity is one of the most serious public health challenge of 21st century. Overweight and obese children are more likely to develop non-communicable diseases (NCDs) like diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in their adolescent age group. For the last few years prevalence of obesity among adolescent has risen dramatically. According to few recent studies, prevalence of obesity is high among medical students. Aims and objectives of the research was to study the prevalence of obesity among undergraduate medical students and to assess the determinants of obesity.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 undergraduate medical students in a medical college of Delhi. A pre-designed, pretested and semi-structured interview schedule was used. And for anthropometric measurements, digital weighing scale for weight measurement, stadiometer for height measurement and non-stretchable inch tape for waist-circumference/hip-circumference (WC/HC) measurement.  

Results: A total of 200 medical students were surveyed for a period of 6 months. It was observed that according to World Health Organization (WHO) Asian – pacific classification of body mass index (BMI), 21% (42/200) were overweight and 29% (58/200) were obese. Among the study participants, socio demographic variables which were found to be associated with increased BMI were mother’s education (p value=0.02), father’s education (p value=0.01) and type of the area (p value=0.03). Occupation of mothers and father was not found to be significantly associated with the BMI.

Conclusions: Medical students are our future doctors and role model for the community, so it is very important to modify the dietary and lifestyle factors in order to decrease the prevalence of overweight and obesity among medical students.

 
Medial swivel dislocation of talonavicular joint due to low energy trauma
Authors: Nair Syam Gangadharan , Nair Sudheesh Vasanthakumari Sreeramakrishnan , Joseph Sachin , Surendran Arun Chand
Published: December 2020

Medial swivel variant of talonavicular dislocation is rare. Usually, it is caused by high velocity trauma. They are relatively easier to reduce and are associated with fewer complications than pure dorsal dislocations and sub talar dislocations. We report a case of medial swivel dislocation of talonavicular caused by a low energy trauma, its management and one year follow up result.
Iliac wing osteochondroma in a 16-year-old boy: a case report
Authors: Kulkarni Shrihari L. , Mannual Sunil , Daragad Manjunath S. , Girirajaiah Sharan H.
Published: December 2020

Osteochondroma is the most common benign bone tumour. Commonly seen in the long bones of the lower extremity. Ilium is a rare site. We present a 16-year-old boy with swelling in the right groin for 8 months. After clinical and radiological evaluation, it was diagnosed as osteochondroma of right iliac wing. Patient underwent en-bloc excision of the lesion and histopathology confirmed the diagnosis. Pelvic osteochondroma is a rare entity but not unusual. Extra periosteal en-bloc excision is the management of choice in patients with cosmetic deformity, neurovascular compression and malignant transformation with very low recurrence rate.
Application of Biofeedback Training in Sports Science
Authors: He Jiawen
Published: December 2020

Biofeedback is a way to learn how to regulate body function and control through a series of training sessions. Using biofeedback training in sports science to adjust the level of sports arousal can also enhance athletes’ control ability. In this article, literature is used to explain the overview of biofeedback training, its application in sports science, problems and prospects.
Microbial Evaluation of Turkish Herbal Teas Before and After Infusion
Authors: Akduman G. , Omurtag Korkmaz I.
Published: December 2020

Background: Herbal teas are produced and sold in packaged or unpackaged forms all over the world. The aim of this study was microbial evaluation of Turkish herbal teas before and after infusion in boiled water.
Methods: A total of 20 packaged and unpackaged samples of Turkish herbal teas, including chamomile, salvia, green, mix, apple, mate, ginger, linden, fennel, and senna tea were collected. All of the samples were analyzed before and after infusion in hot water (~100 °C). Microbiological analyses were performed with tenfold serial dilution for yeast-mold, Salmonella, and Cronobacter sakazakii after enrichment by using the spread-on-plate method on selective agar. Data were statistically analyzed by using Microsoft Office Professional Plus 2013 Excel software.
Results: Three out of the 20 tea samples (15%) were contaminated with C. sakazakii. None of the samples were contaminated with Salmonella spp. No significant difference was found in occurrence of C. sakazakii before and after infusion of the samples (p>0.05). Mold and yeast contamination were found in 12 out of 20 teas samples (60%). No statistical significance (p>0.05) was found between the mold-yeast contents of the unpackaged and packaged herbal teas. After infusion, neither mold nor yeast was observed in any of the samples.
Conclusion: All of the herbal teas in this research were found to be within the microbiological limits for consumption according to Turkish Food Codex. However, the microbiological results highlighted the need for quality control of senna tea during production to eliminate the risk of C. sakazakii contamination.
Tout pour le peuple, rien par le peuple: una crítica al populismo de Chantal Mouffe
Authors: Chaguaceda Noriega Armando
Published: December 2020

La obra teórico-política de Chantal Mouffe puede ser leída a partir de dos registros. Por un lado, es atendible su propuesta de una democracia agonista, capaz de sacudir las osificaciones y letargos que aquejan a nuestras repúblicas liberales de masas, mediante un adecuado procesamiento del conflicto y una ampliación del pluralismo que expandan la agencia ciudadana allende los formatos tradicionales. Por el otro, el sesgo ideológico, la incapacidad para dar cuenta del pluralismo constitutivo de la sociedad contemporánea y el divorcio con la evidencia histórica del populismo realmente existente siembran dudas sobre el populismo de izquierda mouffeano como vehículo de la soberanía popular y alternativa de democratización radical. En esta última dirección, el presente texto dará cuenta de las contradicciones entre los presupuestos del enfoque populista mouffeano y la deriva autocrática venezolana. Apostando a la construcción colectiva de una democratización ampliada, posliberal y no populista, para los retos del presente.
Summary Enforcement Proceedings: Reflections over Prerequisites for and the Content of the Legal Institution
Authors:   Teaching Assistant of the Department of Civil Procedure of the Ural State Law University, Guryev Oleg P.
Published: December 2020

Taking into account a tendency of Russian law to simplify the civil procedure in commercial courts and courts of general jurisdiction, the author is considering the possibility of a simplified procedure for the enforcement proceeding into Russian legislation. Based on the analysis of civil and arbitration procedural legislation and legislation on enforcement proceeding, taking into account a judicial practice acts, the article states the main ideas by which this legal institution can exist.
Application of Tax Reconstruction Rules in Tax Dispute Proving within the Framework of Article 54.1 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation
Authors:   Postgraduate Student of the Department of the Judiciary of the National Research University Higher School of Economics (NRU HSE), Konstandina Elena I.
Published: December 2020

The article considers the potential possibility of determining tax liabilities by calculation method during resolving a dispute under article 54.1 of the Russian Federation Tax Code based on the true economic substance of this operation or a set of operations, when the taxpayer’s operations are not accounted for in accordance with their economic effect.
Highly Automated Transport Vehicles: Threats to the Information Security System and the Legal Liability
Authors:   Professor of the Department of Criminal Law of the Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL), LL.D., Professor, Gracheva Yulia V. , Korobeev Aleksandr I. ,   Head of the Department of Criminal Law and Criminology of the Law School of the Far Eastern Federal University, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, LL.D., Professor, Malikov Sergey V. ,   Associate Professor of the Department of Criminal Law of the Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL), PhD (Law), Chuchaev Aleksandr I. ,   Professor of the Department of Criminal Law of the Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL), LL.D., Professor
Published: December 2020

The paper considers the current state and prospects of development of unmanned (highly automated) vehicles in Russia. Relying on the strategic direction that the vehicles functioning in unmanned mode should be gradually included into the already established transport system without exposing other road participants to danger and ensuring the observance of traffic rules, the article gives a detailed analysis of vulnerabilities and risks that have to be faced in the development and operation of highly automated vehicles. The global practice shows that not only technical and organizational means, but also legal measures play a major role in ensuring the safety of unmanned vehicles. The authors propose to develop legal measures aimed at preventing the harm caused by unmanned vehicles to be implemented within the framework of Chapter 27 of the RF Criminal Code “Crimes against traffic safety and vehicle operation”.
Platforms of Government Authorities as Instruments of Electronic Participation: The Foreign Experience
Authors:   Head of the Department of Financial Law and Customs of the Law Institute of the Vladimir State University (VlSU), PhD (Law), Associate Professor, Pogodina Irina V. , Manokhin Vitaliy S. ,   Learning and Teaching Specialist of the Department of Financial Law and Customs of the Law Institute of the Vladimir State University (VlSU), Graduate Student
Published: December 2020

The article examines the practice of functioning of electronic platforms for public participation. Analysis of foreign experience shows that it is necessary to modernize the content of domestic platforms for public participation and websites of authorities, giving citizens more opportunities to independently submit proposals, as well as to motivate them to e-participation and joint management using various tools.
ISSUES OF THE LEGAL REGULATION OF ENERGY COMPANIES DURING COMPETITIVE PROCUREMENT
Authors:   Postgraduate Student of the Energy Law Center of the Saint-Petersburg State Economic University, Saushkina Snezhana M.
Published: December 2020

As per Federal Law No. 223-ФЗ “On the Procurement of Goods, Works, Services by Certain Types of Legal Entities” dated July 18, 2011, energy companies may conduct procurement in accordance with the Procurement Regulation approved by the Customer. This Regulation shall comply with the basic principles of procurement activities, such as equality and fairness. The Procurement Regulation shall not contain any provisions limiting access to the bidding procedures, inter alia, by establishing unreasonable requirements for the bidders. As per the Code of Administrative Offenses and Federal Law No. 135-ФЗ “On Competition Protection” dated July 26, 2006, any bidder is entitled to seek legal redress for the violation of its interests, if it believes that anti-competitive practices are being used. However, in consideration of such disputes, it is essential to balance the interests, so that, by observing the interests of the bidders, the customers could exercise their right to receive high-quality deliverables, as well as apply one of the statutory principles aimed at the implementation of measures necessary to cut the customer’s costs
The Peculiarities of Energy Trade on Digital Platforms Using Unconventional Contract Structures
Authors:   Doctor of Law, Professor Honored Lawyer of the Russian Federation Professor of the Department of the Fuel and Energy Complex of the International Institute of Energy Policy and Diplomacy of the Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation (MGIMO University), Shevchenko Lyubov I. , Kulakhmetov Timur R. ,   Lawyer at the Legal Protection Center Law Firm
Published: December 2020

Digitalization shall spur the development of market mechanisms and competition, especially in retail electricity markets, by making information available to all stakeholders, including regulators and consumers. It will be difficult to implement initiatives to make sure consumer demands are met at all times without studying global practices of using unconventional contract structures in the energy sector and the impact of the energy transition on public relations. At the same time, the absence of an effective regulatory framework that would allow us to take full advantage of unconventional contract structures for their further application in the energy sector can result in technological inferiority in key areas of the smart energy sector in terms of both technology and standardization. As the Russian regulatory framework for the regulation of public relations using unconventional contract structures is still in its infancy, it makes sense to turn our attention to other countries’ distributed generation development regulation practices that gave impetus to change the industry and use digital platforms.
The Peculiarities of the Legal Regulation of Activities of Commodity Delivery Operators in the Gas Market
Authors:   Candidate of Legal Sciences Leading Research Scientist of the Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation, Vildanova Marina M.
Published: December 2020

This article studies the peculiarities of the legal status of the gas transportation operator under exchange contracts organizing transportation and serving as a prototype of the new law institution of the commodity delivery operator. In order to balance interests of gas sellers, buyers, and consumers, commodity delivery conditions shall be met and commercial gas balancing in the exchange and over-the-counter markets shall be implemented to ensure the fulfillment of all delivery obligations. The article addresses the implementation of the institution of the commodity delivery operator in the gas exchange market, as well as the peculiarities of commercial gas balancing aimed at 100% fulfillment of exchange contracts and reduction of market players’ costs. The role of the commodity delivery operator organizing gas transportation, metering, and monitoring of gas deliveries is important for the implementation of commercial balancing. Effective, well-balanced reforms are essential for the growth and creation of a favorable investment climate needed to modernize the gas market.
Efficiency of energy storage devices as a backup power sources
Authors: Shleynikov Vyacheslav
Published: December 2020

Energy storage technology offers a number of economic and environmental benefits. This paper provides an analysis of power grid backing up solutions with energy storage devices assuming that energy storage backing up can be generally more efficient for microgrids than conventional reserving options. Cost-effectiveness and a distance to a backup source have been accepted as criteria for comparing. For power supply systems of 200 AH, the energy storage backup efficiency has been proven by appropriate computations as reflected in this paper.
Dynamics of crude oil rheological properties after ultrasonic treatment
Authors: Kadyirov Aydar , Karaeva Yulia , Vachagina Ekaterina
Published: December 2020

Ultrasonic treatment of heavy crude oils has been proven to manage oil viscosity and temperature sensitivity. In continuation of the previously published research results (Energy Safety and Energy Economy, iss. 5, 2019), we found out basic principles to predict dynamics of crude oil viscosity depending on time, power, and frequency of ultrasonic treatment. Viscosity control is essential for crude oil not only after its ultrasonic treatment but also while transporting and storage to keep energy efficiency of the entire process at the desired level.
Politična participacija slovenskih etničnih skupnosti v ZDA : Študija primerov Clevelanda, Ohio, in Elyja, Minnesota
Authors: Klemenčič Matjaž , Mrđenović Milan , Šeruga Tadej
Published: December 2020

Monografija je sestavljena iz treh delov. V prvem delu so avtorji podali definicijo politične participacije in ugotovili, da gre pri njeni obravnavi v pričujoči knjigi za politično participacijo v ožjem smislu, to je za sodelovanje pripadnikov vseh generacij slovenskih Američanov na volitvah na nivoju mest Ely in Cleveland, na nivoju držav Minnesota in Ohio ter tudi na zvezni ravni iz omenjenih držav. Ugotovili so, da so po podatkih splošne literature o etničnih skupnostih v ZDA slovanski Američani manj zastopani na vseh ravneh političnega življenja kot pov‑ prečni Američani, kar pa ne drži za slovenske Američane, vsaj ne v Clevelandu, Ohio, in Elyju, Minnesota, saj so le‑ti nadpovprečno zastopani. V drugem delu so predstavljeni izvoljeni mestni svetniki in župani slovenskega rodu v mestu Elyju, pa tudi kongresnika John Blatnik in James Oberstar ter senatorka Amy Klobuchar. V tretjem delu so predstavljeni izvoljeni mestni svetniki in župani ter sodniki slovenskega rodu na vseh ravneh v Clevelandu ter kongresnik Dennis Eckart in senatorja Frank Lausche in George Voinovich.
Walking Wheel
Authors: Lapshin V.V.
Published: December 2020

A hypothesis was proposed that during the bipedal walking, there appear stable periodic movements in certain variables (self-oscillations). In this case, it is possible to easily change parameters of this periodic locomotion using open (without feedback) control loops with respect to some of the variables. As the first stage in testing this hypothesis, dynamics of the walking wheel downward movement along an inclined plane was analytically studied. Walking wheel is the simplest model of passive bipedal walking. When it moves, energy is supplied to the system due to the force of gravity action. It is shown that point mapping of the wheel angular speed alteration per step (Poincare map) in the overwhelming majority of cases has one fixed point. This fixed point corresponds either to stable periodic solution (self-oscillation), which is the wheel rolling down an inclined plane, or to the wheel movement ending with its termination as a result of the endless series of impacts with swinging on two legs. In the degenerate case, the Poincare map has two fixed points. One of them corresponds to the unstable limiting cycle matching the wheel rolling, and the second corresponds to a wheel stop. In this case, the limiting cycle is stable outside and unstable inside itself
Stochastic Recovery of Square-Integrable Functions
Authors: Bulgakov S.A. , Gorshkova V.M. , Khametov V.M.
Published: December 2020

The purpose of the study was to solve the problem of stochastic recovery of square-integrable (with respect to the Lebesgue measure) functions defined on the real line from observations with additive white Gaussian noise, for the case of discrete time. The problem is a nonparametric, i.e., infinite-dimensional, estimation problem. The study substantiates the procedure of optimal recovery, in the mean-square sense, with respect to the product of the Lebesgue measure and the Gaussian measure, and describes an algorithm for recovering such square-integrable functions. Findings of research show that the constructed procedure for nonparametric recovery of a square-integrable function gives an unbiased and consistent recovery of an unknown function. This result has not been previously described. In addition, for smooth reconstructed functions, an almost optimal reconstruction procedure is introduced and substantiated, which gives an unimprovable (in order of magnitude) estimate of the dependence of the number of orthogonal functions on the number of observations. The error of the constructed almost optimal recovery procedure in relation to the optimal recovery procedure is no more than 50 %
Specific Features of the Structure of Various Coal Ranks at the Nano Level
Authors: Ulyanova E.V. , Malinnikova O.N. , Shlyapin A.V. , Pashichev B.N.
Published: December 2020

Structural factors and functions of radial distribution of atoms of different coal ranks have been calculated by X-ray diffraction analysis. This made it possible to establish that the main structural component is the clusters with graphite-like packing of atoms. The predominant size of these clusters (calculated from the peaks of small-angle X-ray scattering at 5° in CoKα-radiation) for coals with a carbon content of 83--95 % is within 2--3 nm. Fossil coal is an amorphous carbonaceous substance consisting of polymorphic modifications in the sp2- and sp3-states. According to the results obtained using Raman scattering spectroscopy, the physical properties of amorphous natural coals are strongly dependent on the ratio of sp2- and sp3-hybridization of atomic orbitals. Moreover, studies have shown that the carbon atoms of the coal matrix in the sp2-state are represented by both aromatic and aliphatic conjugated chain fragments. It was found that the degree of ordering in rank LF coals is higher than in coals of a higher stage of metamorphism. This is possible if the hydrocarbon matrix in rank LF coals can be represented as a polymer consisting of conjugated chains with periodicity. With an increase in the stage of coal metamorphism, starting with coal rank G, the transformation of the coal structure occurs with a violation of the periodicity of the conjugated fragments of the polymer matrix connecting graphite-like clusters, a decrease in their length, and an increase in randomness in their arrangement
Physical modeling and numerical simulation of bar deformation under axial loading in the channel. Part 2
Authors: Ovchinnikov N.T. , Sorokin F.D.
Published: December 2020

In two parts the article describes physical modeling and numerical simulation of bar deformation under axial compression in the channel. The regularities of nonlinear bending of the rod in the plane have been revealed. Bar shapes were determined by the load history and can differ at the same force value. The problem was to find the shape with the lowest potential energy. The second part of the article describes numerical modeling of gradual loading of the bar with rigid fixing at the ends and unloading the bar with hinges at the ends; physical modeling loading and unloading, as well as overall final comparison of the forms of numerical and physical models. When unloading, deformation occurs in a more variable way compared to loading. The forms remain stable under compressive forces being within the range of existence for loads. Forming symmetrical shape variants differing in the sign of deflections is possible. In the shape-critical state, the bearing pressure becomes minimal. The forms of the physical model under loading and unloading confirm the results of numerical simulation. The results obtained are applicable to the analysis of the state of such bar objects as drilling, casing, pumping and compressor columns and pipelines.
Morphological characterization of Phytophthora capsici isolates from Jalisco and Michoacán, Mexico
Authors: Reyes-Tena Alfredo , Rodríguez-Alvarado Gerardo , Fernández-Pavía Sylvia P. , Pedraza-Santos Martha E. , Larsen John , Vázquez-Marrufo Gerardo
Published: December 2020

Phytophthora capsici es el principal fitopatógeno del cultivo de chile (Capsicum annuum) y de diversas plantas de interés comercial en México. El desconocimiento por parte de los productores sobre la presencia de este patógeno en zonas de cultivo dificulta la prevención y manejo de la enfermedad. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar y caracterizar morfológicamente aislados obtenidos de cultivos de cucurbitáceas y solanáceas con síntomas de “marchitez” en Jalisco y Michoacán, México. Los muestreos se realizaron durante 2016 y 2017. Los 41 aislados de P. capsici obtenidos de plantas enfermas se analizaron por morfología comparativa con base a caracteres sexuales y asexuales. Se caracterizaron 33 aislamientos del cultivo de C. annuum, seis de C. pepo y dos de S. lycopersicum. La mayoría de los aislados presentaron características morfológicas típicas de P. capsici. Solo un aislado presentó clamidosporas, globosas y terminales (aislado de Queréndaro, Mich). Se registraron 40 aislados heterotálicos y un aislado homotálico. Se determinó la patogenicidad de siete aislados, asociando a P. capsici como el agente causal de la marchitez para estos aislados y para siete analizados en un estudio previo. Los 27 aislamientos restantes solo se asociaron a la enfermedad. Se sugiere realizar un manejo integrado de este patógeno en las zonas de producción de Jalisco y Michoacán.
Homenaje: Jorge A. Flores Ochoa, una vasta obra antropológica hecha desde y para el sur andino peruano
Authors: Salas Carreño Guillermo
Published: December 2020

El 20 de agosto de 2020 falleció el doctor Jorge A. Flores Ochoa, una figura fundamental en la antropología cuzqueña y peruana por sus múltiples méritos como investigador, docente, intelectual omprometido y animador cultural infatigable. Este texto repasa sus principales temas de investigación e interés, en particular sus notables contribuciones y constante estudio de las sociedades de pastores de camélidos en los Andes y, asociado a esto, sus estudios sobre estrategias de manejo de la complejidad agroecológica andina. También se presta atención a sus investigaciones sobre cultura material y arte cuzqueño colonial y republicano, su etnografía de las celebraciones religiosas de la ciudad y la región, y sus contribuciones respecto de la antropología de la ciudad del Cuzco y sus interpretaciones y análisis sobre la historia e importancia del incanismo cuzqueño contemporáneo.
Economía versus epidemiologia: uma análise do trade-off entre mercados e vidas em tempos de COVID-19
Authors: Sameer El Khatib Ahmed Sameer
Published: December 2020

O objetivo do presente trabalho é avaliar como o surto de novo coronavírus levou à contaminação das principais indústrias da economia global e como a resposta política e fiscal rápida de vários governos desencadeou e prolongou a recessão enquanto tentava salvar as vidas dos cidadãos. Investigamos também o efeito das políticas de distanciamento social no nível de atividades econômicas e nos preços dos índices de ações. Foram coletados dados das bolsas de valores em quatro continentes: América do Norte, África, Ásia e Europa. Extraímos informações do mercado de ações sobre o preço de fechamento (PF), preço mais baixo (PB) e preço mais alto (PMA) dos principais indicadores do mercado de ações nos quatro continentes: o índice FTSE 500 (Reino Unido); SP 500 (EUA); Nikkei 225 (Japão); e o índice SA Top 40 (África do Sul). Nas estimativas, adotamos o logaritmo natural de cada dado de preço para reduzir a assimetria observada na distribuição dos dados de preço das ações. Concentramos a análise no período que vai de Janeiro à Maio de 2020, quando o coronavírus começou a se espalhar para outros países e mercados internacionais. Examinamos empiricamente o impacto das políticas de distanciamento social nas atividades econômicas e nos índices do mercado de ações. As conclusões revelam que o crescente número de dias de bloqueio, decisões de política monetária e restrições internacionais de viagens afetaram severamente o nível de atividades econômicas e o fechamento, abertura, menor e mais alto preço das ações dos principais índices da bolsa. Por outro lado, a restrição imposta ao movimento interno e o aumento dos gastos com políticas fiscais tiveram um impacto positivo no nível das atividades econômicas, embora o número crescente de casos confirmados de covo coronavírus não tenha afetado significativamente o nível das atividades econômicas. A discussão neste artigo contribui para a literatura sobre crisefinanceira (e.g., Allen & Carletti, 2010; Mian & Sufi, 2010; Stiglitz, 2010; Jagannathan, Kapoor & Schaumburg, 2013), pois evidencia que fatores não financeiros e/ou não econômicos podem desencadear um colapso financeiro e econômico de maneiras sem precedentes.
Análisis bibliométrico de los artículos publicados en la revista Contabilidad y Negocios en el periodo 2006-2019
Authors: Díaz-Becerra Oscar Alfredo , Da Rosa Fabricia Silva , Montes Bravo Mariana Gisella
Published: December 2020

Es importante conocer el avance y nivel de la producción científica de una disciplina, por lo que la revisión de los artículos publicados en revistas científicas constituye una fuente relevante para el análisis. En ese sentido, en este artículo, se realizó una investigación respecto de los trabajos publicados en la revista Contabilidad y Negocios de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Se llevó a cabo una investigación bibliométrica sobre el período 2006-2019 con un diseño descriptivo, longitudinal y retrospectivo. A través del sitio web de la revista, se revisaron los veintiocho números publicados en catorce volúmenes en el periodo señalado mediante el análisis de las categorías definidas en la metodología. Con respecto a los resultados principales, se observó que los temas de mayor preferencia por los autores se ubican en las áreas de administración, contabilidad financiera, finanzas y contabilidad de gestión. Asimismo, se observa que la mayor parte de los artículos son de tipo descriptivo. La mayoría de ellos corresponden a autores con filiación distinta a la institución que edita la revista, con una alta participación de autores de género masculino.
Rasgos de identidad. Tres perspectivas epistemológicas de la contabilidad social y ambiental
Authors: Sarmiento Héctor José
Published: December 2020

Este trabajo busca rasgos de identidad epistémica, y explora la existencia de una comunidad científica en el campo de la contabilidad social y ambiental. Para ello, conecta elementos epistemológicos, como la clasificación habermasiana de las ciencias, con los enfoques de investigación de la teoría crítica a partir del análisis de una selección de textos  paradigmáticos  de dicho campo de conocimiento. Se hace un análisis de contenido documental guiado por 3 categorías y 48 subcategorías de análisis de texto, que permiten vincular algunos textos/autores con una perspectiva epistemológica/metodológica. Este ejercicio logra agrupar los textos en torno a algunos rasgos epistemológicos, pero la ubicación de los autores no es factible de manera categórica por razones que se explicitan. Se reconocen algunas limitaciones metodológicas en torno al alcance y la validación que abren algunas líneas de trabajo hacia el futuro.
Interferências das ideologias políticas sobre os gastos destinados á gestão ambiental no Brasil
Authors: Fabre Valkyrie Vieira , Scheeffer Fernando , Flach Leonardo
Published: December 2020

A gestão pública ambiental envolve as políticas e a aplicação de recursos públicos, destinados à preservação, conservação, recuperação e mitigação ambiental. A temática está em expansão, visto o elevado número de publicações em ongressos e periódicos, nos últimos anos. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar a interferência das ideologias políticas sobre os gastos destinados à gestão ambiental. Trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa, descritiva e documental, que aplicou o método de Análise de Cluster, juntamente com os testes Qui-quadrado, Phi e V de Cramer, a partir de dados de contas públicas de municípios brasileiros. Os resultados corroboram com a tese de que há diferenças entre partidos políticos com matrizes teóricas distintas e que isso traz reflexos aos investimentos públicos na área ambiental. Entre os achados, a pesquisa revela que os governos locais aplicam pouco recurso em gestão ambiental e que os partidos de esquerda investiram mais nesta área. As conclusões remetem às lacunas de pesquisa da temática.
Análisis de la Directiva Europea de whistleblowing y principales retos de la nueva regulación. El caso de España
Authors: Torrent I Santamaria Josep Maria , Pérez Gil de Gómez Laura
Published: December 2020

Con la aprobación de la Directiva Europea 1937/2019, de 23 de octubre, que los países de la Unión Europea han de transponer en el plazo de dos años desde su publicación, todas las empresas, así como las entidades públicas de más de cincuenta trabajadores, estarán obligadas a implementar un canal de denuncias. Es objeto de este artículo sintetizar las principales novedades que introduce esta norma, destacando la importancia de alcanzar inicialmente un consenso sobre la definición misma del informador. En España, la falta de regulación expresa de esta figura hasta el momento ha conllevado la búsqueda de soluciones por parte de la doctrina en la teoría general del delito, así como en otras disciplinas del derecho, ante las dificultades que han surgido con el uso de los canales de denuncia dentro de las empresas que optaron por incorporar un programa de compliance. Finalmente, abordaremos algunos de los problemas que plantea la transposición de la Directiva desde la óptica de su compatibilidad con el compendio de derechos y garantías que informan el proceso penal. En esa línea, se propone una armonización de la aparente exoneración de responsabilidad del whistleblower de nuevo cuño con el Código Penal vigente, también focalizada en la necesidad de dotar de garantías a las investigaciones internas para preservar la validez de la prueba que se pueda obtener con las mismas.
El principio de responsabilidad proactiva: una oportunidad para un mejor cumplimiento de la normativa en materia de protección de datos de carácter personal en el ámbito latinoamericano
Authors: Santamaría Ramos Francisco José
Published: December 2020

El presente estudio trata de determinar si el principio de responsabilidad proactiva, establecido en el Reglamento General de Protección de Datos europeo, puede ser fácilmente transferido al ámbito latinoamericano a pesar de que la normativa latinoamericana se encuentra excesivamente fragmentada y, en todo caso, no incluye el principio de responsabilidad proactiva como uno a tener en cuenta en materia de protección de datos de carácter personal. Esta investigación es de tipo bibliográfico y se aproxima al conocimiento del tema para identificar qué se conoce y qué no sobre el objeto de estudio. Por lo tanto, se pretende realizar una sinopsis que aglutine diferentes investigaciones, informes y artículos que den cuenta del estado actual del fenómeno a investigar; no obstante, dicha revisión implica,asimismo, la realización de una valoración crítica de las investigaciones y artículos. En este sentido, comprender cada caso examinado suministra percepciones y explicaciones inestimables para la comprensión del tópico del objeto de estudio, y permite proponer estrategias que mejoren la problemática, lo cual ayuda a poner el tema en su respectivo contexto. La bibliografía ha sido seleccionada tanto por su utilidad en el presente campo de estudio como por su actualidad, buscando revisar el material bibliográfico más importante y actual posible.
Exigibilidad de la cláusula penal en época de crisis sanitaria
Authors: Alcántara Francia Olga Alejandra
Published: December 2020

El presente artículo plantea una reflexión sobre el devenir de la cláusula penal, sus funciones, su utilidad y su vigencia. Con ayuda de los métodos descriptivo, hermenéutico-jurídico y comparado, realizamos una revisión de la normativa nacional y extranjera, acerca de la intangibilidad del contrato, la facultad moderadora de los jueces y la intervención legislativa en la reducción de la cláusula penal, como medida temporal como consecuencia de la crisis sanitaria.
Difícil para unos, utópico para otros: la deficiente regulación de las prácticas formativas y su impacto negativo en las personas con discapacidad
Authors: Verano Calero Magda Cristina , Flores Huamani Astrid Carolina , Constantino Caycho Renato Antonio
Published: December 2020

La educación superior ha experimentado importantes cambios en los últimos años. Sin embargo, la deficiente regulación de las prácticas formativas se ha mantenido. El propósito de este artículo es analizar la regulación de las prácticas formativas, y su falta de reconocimiento como trabajo bajo el marco jurídico vigente, situación que afecta desproporcionadamente a los estudiantes con discapacidad. Por último, se desarrolla un breve recuento de los principales hallazgos en entrevistas a estudiantes con discapacidad de la carrera de Derecho sobre esta materia.
Análisis crítico del ajuste secundario: ¿Todo ajuste por precios de transferencia implica una disposición indirecta de renta como sostiene la SUNAT?
Authors: Villagra Cayamana Renee Antonieta
Published: December 2020

La Administración Tributaria como consecuencia de las fiscalizaciones de precios de transferencia ha venido realizando ajustes secundarios determinando la existencia de dividendos presuntos gravados con las tasas del 4.1% o 5% en base a cualquier ajuste a la base imponible del Impuesto a la Renta por Precios de Transferencia efectuado por ella; sin embargo, consideramos que el ajuste secundario, conforme lo está llevando a cabo la SUNAT, no tiene asidero legal; tal posición ha sido corroborada por recientes pronunciamientos del Tribunal Fiscal los cuales analizaremos en el presente trabajo.
Modificaciones al Régimen de las Iniciativas Privadas en la Ley de Asociaciones Público-Privadas
Authors: Maraví Sumar Milagros
Published: December 2020

La problemática investigada deriva de la experiencia de las iniciativas privadas en el Perú desde el año 2003 con la vigencia de la “Ley Marco de Promoción de la Inversión Descentralizada”, ya que, su desarrollo y evolución amerita un recuento y análisis para proponer mejoras a esta figura, mediante la cual se han desarrollado relevantes proyectos de infraestructura, servicios públicos e inversión en activos estatales. Por ello, el objetivo del presente trabajo es abordar los principales problemas vinculados a las iniciativas privadas, como su errada vinculación con la corrupción; la problemática existente en relación al reembolso de gastos incurridos en la formulación y presentación de una iniciativa privada; los problemas presentados en la formulación de las mismas; y, finalmente, la naturaleza jurídica de la admisibilidad de las iniciativas privadas.
Los nuevos conflictos jurídicos laborales a propósito de la COVID-19
Authors: Toyama Miyagusuku Jorge , Yomond Santos Sofia
Published: December 2020

La COVID-19 ha cambiado la forma en la que vivimos y consigo el modo, condiciones y medidas sanitarias en el trabajo. Además de los notables cambios, la pandemia ha generado gran incertidumbre en la sociedad y diversos cuestionamientos sobre su gestión en el ámbito laboral. Precisamente, la COVID-19 ha ocasionado un impacto en la relación laboral, tanto en la modificación de los sistemas de trabajo, como la aparición de nuevos conflictos jurídico laborales, principalmente por el posible contagio de coronavirus en el centro de trabajo o con ocasión de las labores. Los principales conflictos se encuentran relacionados a las materias de indemnización por daños y perjuicios, impugnación de ceses, pago de beneficios sociales, cuestionamientos de medidas de suspensión de labores, entre otros.
El tuit como micropanfleto: el caso de la asunción del nuevo presidente mexicano
Authors: Mazzuchino María Gabriela
Published: December 2020

Este artículo analiza discursivamente, desde un enfoque multidisciplinario y una visión amplia del hecho argumentativo, la dimensión polémica de un corpus extenso de tuits contrarios al expresidente mexicano Peña Nieto y al nuevo presidente, López Obrador, a raíz de la toma de protesta del último. Tomando distancia de los trabajos que asumen que en Twitter hay escasa o nula argumentación, y que lo que prevalece es la violencia, el análisis pone de manifiesto una cadena argumentativa reactiva, estructurada en argumentos no siempre entimemáticos, así como en otros recursos (muchos de ellos, visuales) que entroncan con la tradición polémica y panfletaria del siglo XIX mexicano, lo que nos lleva a describir al tuit como el sucedáneo actual del panfleto tradicional.
Ontología del tiempo y problemas identitarios desde el ciberpunk/steampunk español: dos muestras
Authors: Calzón García José Antonio
Published: December 2020

El artículo analiza el tratamiento de las ideas de tiempo e identidad en dos obras de la ciencia ficción española adscritas, en mayor o menor medida, a los subgéneros del steampunk y del ciberpunk: El mapa del tiempo de Félix J. Palma y Lágrimas en la lluvia de Rosa Montero, respectivamente. El objetivo, una vez repasados los conceptos teóricos fundamentales, es analizar de forma contrastiva las dos novelas, comprobando cómo los universos paralelos y los mundos virtuales constituyen herramientas narrativas que permiten conformar distintas metáforas en torno al tiempo y a la idea de yo a fin de  propiciar  la reflexión filosófica en el lector.
Navigating Risky Higher Education Investments: Implications for Practitioners and Consumers
Authors: Heckman Stuart J. , Letkiewicz Jodi C.
Published: December 2020

This exploratory study examines academic and labor market risks associated with investments in higher education by synthesizing the literature regarding risky higher education choices and extending the research using the 2014 National Student Financial Wellness Study, a national sample of college students. Three phenomena are analyzed to support the notion that individuals may be making suboptimal human capital investment decisions: (a) cost–benefit errors; (b) unclear educational goals; and (c) increasing time-to-degree. The study examines which students are more likely to report that the cost of college did not influence their choice, that tuition is not a good investment, or that they expect to take additional time to complete their degree. Opportunities for practitioners to help clients navigate higher education investment decisions and opportunities for future research are discussed.
Financial Literacy Types and Financial Behaviors Among Adolescents: Role of Financial Education
Authors: Zhu Alex Yue Feng
Published: December 2020

The mismatch between financial objective and subjective knowledge that occurs in youth and adolescents has been understudied in the literature. Based on objective and subjective financial literacy scores, this study categorizes financial literacy into four types: financial literacy overconfidence, underconfidence, competence, and naïvete in a sample of adolescents. Data were collected from 330 students aged around 15 years old in six middle schools in Hong Kong. The results indicate that adolescents who are overconfident about their financial literacy are more likely to engage in risky financial behavior and report higher levels of financial autonomy. A randomized experimental trial was conducted to assess whether financial education could change the mismatch between financial objective and subjective knowledge. The results show a significant increase in underconfidence after the financial education intervention, but no significant change in the other three categories. The findings highlight the same type of financial literacy overconfidence in both adolescents and adults and has implications for financial counselors and educators who would improve the financial engagement of adolescents.