bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Material-agnostic characterization of spatially offset Raman spectroscopy in turbid media via Monte Carlo simulations
Authors: Joven Zuriel Erikson , Raj Piyush , Barman Ishan
Published: October 2024

Monte Carlo simulations of spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) produce widely-applicable, quantitative frameworks for optimizing and interpreting SORS experiments.
Photodynamic therapy using hybrid nanoparticles comprising of upconversion nanoparticles and chlorin e6-bearing pullulan
Authors: Kawasaki Riku , Eto Takuro , Kono Nanami , Ohdake Reo , Yamana Keita , Hirano Hidetoshi , Kawamura Shogo , Tarutani Naoki , Katagiri Kiyofumi , Ikeda Atsushi
Published: October 2024

Hybrid nanoparticles comprising chlorin e6 bearing pullulan and upconversion nanoparticles were developed to create an NIR-activatable nano-photosensitizer for cancer therapy.
AQ4N nanocomposites for hypoxia-associated tumor combination therapy
Authors: Inam Amrah , Zhang Shuo , Zhang Shuai , Wu Daocheng
Published: October 2024

The recent advancements in the combination of AQ4N nanocomposites with chemotherapeutic drugs, radiotherapy, phototherapy, starvation, sonodynamic therapy and immunotherapy have been reviewed.
Fabrication of novel nitrogen-doped porous carbon nanospheres for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Hu Yingxin , Wang Tianwei , Yan Wenjin , Song Caicheng , Lu Rongwen , Zhang Shufen , Liu Daosheng
Published: October 2024

Nitrogen-doped porous carbon nanospheres were synthesized using a fresh nitrogen-containing precursor and served as electrode materials for high-performance supercapacitors.
Promoting structural distortion to enhance the crystal field strength of Mn(ii) in tetrahedral bromide for near-unity yellow emission
Authors: Qi Zhikai , Zhang Ke , Zhao Xingxing , Zhang Nan , Li Shi-Li , Zhang Xian-Ming
Published: October 2024

Single crystal to single crystal transformation of zero-dimensional manganese bromide polymorphs promotes structural distortion of inorganic MnBr4 units to enhance the tetrahedral crystal field strength, thereby achieving near-unity yellow emission.
Ultrasensitive detection of a responsive fluorescent thymidine analogue in DNA via pulse-shaped two-photon excitation
Authors: Bailie Alexandra E. , Sansom Henry G. , Fisher Rachel S. , Watabe Ryo , Tor Yitzhak , Jones Anita C. , Magennis Steven W.
Published: October 2024

Incorporation of a responsive fluorescent thymidine analogue in oligonucleotides allows detection of as few as seven DNA molecules using two-photon microscopy.
Enhanced catalytic performance of single-atom Cu on Mo2C toward CO2/CO hydrogenation to methanol: a first-principles study
Authors: Vidal-López Anna , Díaz López Estefanía , Comas-Vives Aleix
Published: October 2024

First-principles calculations show the crucial role of the Cu/Mo2COx interface in enabling low-energy pathways for CO2/CO hydrogenation to methanol via successive heterolytic H2 cleavages.
Photocatalytic H2O2 production with perylene(bis-imide)-doped periodic mesoporous silica using micropollutants as sacrificial donors
Authors: David Charlotte , Grolleau Stephane , Grekov Denys , Rakhmatullin Aydar , Blart Errol , Hequet Valerie , Pellegrin Yann
Published: October 2024

A perylene-doped mesoporous silica material is used as a photocatalyst to produce H2O2 from aerated polluted water samples under light soaking.
Photoinduced cytotoxic activity of a rare ruthenium nitrosyl phenanthroline complex showing NO generation in human cells
Authors: Yakovlev Ivan A. , Golubeva Julia A. , Klyushova Lyubov S. , Kostin Gennadiy A. , Mikhailov Artem A.
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the investigation of photochemical and biological properties of [RuNO(Phen)(NO2)2OH] complex, such as crystal structure, quantum yield of photolysis reaction as well as cytotoxicity towards cell line MCF-7, A549 and MRC5.
Novel selenium-enriched Pichia kudriavzevii as a dietary supplement to alleviate dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice by modulating the gut microbiota and host metabolism
Authors: Wang Huijuan , Chen Yue , Wang Zhouli , Yuan Yahong , Yue Tianli
Published: October 2024

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) poses persistent challenges due to its chronic and recurrent nature, exacerbated by the unsatisfactory outcomes of the traditional treatment approaches.
Robust second-order topological insulator in 2D van der Waals magnet CrI3
Authors: Zou Xiaorong , Bai Yingxi , Dai Ying , Huang Baibiao , Niu Chengwang
Published: October 2024

CrI3 monolayer and bilayers are theoretically shown to be SOTIs with a nontrivial topology characterized by a second Stiefel–Whitney number of w2 = 1 and the charge density distributions of corner states elegantly localized at the corners.
Continuous flow synthesis of metal nanowires: protocols, engineering aspects of scale-up and applications
Authors: Sonawane Jayesh R. , Jundale Rajashri , Kulkarni Amol A.
Published: October 2024

This review comprehensively covers the translation from batch to continuous flow synthesis of metal nanowires (i.e., silver, copper, gold, and platinum nanowires) and their diverse applications across various sectors.
Anomalous reverse mechanical polarization switching in negative piezoelectric CuInP2S6
Authors: Wang Lei , Zhang Dawei , Luo Zheng-Dong , Taylor Patrick D. , Tran Kevin , Ming Wenjie , Tang Jianbo , Sharma Pankaj , Spencer Michelle J.S. , Seidel Jan
Published: October 2024

Unconventional down-to-up polarization switching under tip force in CuInP2S6 is driven by a combination of piezoelectricity and flexoelectricity, where Cu ions cross the van der Waals gap.
Green and efficient synthesis of 5-amino-1H-pyrazole-5-carbonitriles utilizing novel modified LDH
Authors: Momeni Sarieh , Ghorbani-Vaghei Ramin
Published: October 2024

This research introduced a novel nano catalyst, LDH@PTRMS@DCMBA@CuI, developed from nano copper immobilized on a layered double hydroxide modified with a new type of sulfonamide: N1,N3-dicarbamimidoylbenzene-1,3-disulfonamide (DCMBA).
Calcium carbonate microparticles show enhanced anti-cancer properties under the influence of a magnetic field
Authors: V. M. Jinan Parvin , Prasannakumar Sreya , Kothuru Rajyalaxmi , B. S. Unnikrishnan , Gopinath P. , Chockalingam S.
Published: October 2024

The anti-cancer effect of CaCO3 microparticles is enhanced by the application of magnetic field.
Magnetic dimeric metal–porphyrin rings mechanically bonded around carbon nanotubes: the role of nanotube defects modulating magnetic properties
Authors: Sánchez-de-Armas Rocío , Montenegro-Pohlhammer Nicolás , Pérez Emilio M. , Burzurí Enrique , Calzado Carmen J.
Published: October 2024

A DFT study of mechanically bonded magnetic Co2+ and Cu2+ dimeric metal–porphyrin rings around carbon nanotubes (mMINTs) points to defcts in the NT as responsible for the different dimer–nanotube interactions and the loss of the Co2+ EPR signal.
Nickel-catalyzed direct synthesis of hyperbranched liquid oligoethylene
Authors: Zhang Mengyao , Dai Shengyu
Published: October 2024

This study introduces nickel pyridine-imine catalysts with axially flexible cycloalkyl substituents, enhancing the branching density of hyperbranched oligoethylene for improved fluidity and liquidity.
Arylgermylation of alkenes by a cooperative photoactivation and hydrogen atom transfer strategy
Authors: Cao Jia , Liu Yan , Wang Zhixiang , Liu Le
Published: October 2024

An efficient photoredox/HAT dual-catalysed arylgermylation of alkenes using readily available alkenes, germyl hydrides and (hetero)aryl nitriles, providing a variety of high-functionality germanium-containing molecules with quaternary carbons.
CO2 capturing by self-assembled belt[14]pyridine encapsulated ionic liquid complexes: a DFT study
Authors: Ahsan Annum , Lakhani Ahmed , Ashraf Muhammad Umair , Yar Muhammad , Sarfaraz Sehrish , Ayub Khurshid
Published: October 2024

CO2 capturing ability of encapsulated ionic liquids i.e., tetramethylammonium chloride, 1,3-dimethylimidazolium chloride, and methylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate encapsulated in self assembled belt[14]pyridine (BP).
Cadmium and silver complexes of a pyridine containing ligand: syntheses, structural studies, biological activity and docking studies
Authors: Hassoon Azza A. , Smith Stacey J. , Harrison Roger G.
Published: October 2024

Novel complexes of Cd(ii) and Ag(i) derived from TPT ligand have been synthesized. The silver complexes showed great potential as a therapeutic candidate for treating breast cancer.
Adsorption of drugs on B12N12 and Al12N12 nanocages
Authors: Geetha Sadasivan Nair Remya , Narayanan Nair Arun Kumar , Sun Shuyu
Published: October 2024

DFT studies were carried out to understand the adsorption mechanism of twelve drug molecules on the B12N12 and Al12N12 nanocages.
Chemoenzymatic multistep retrosynthesis with transformer loops
Authors: Kreutter David , Reymond Jean-Louis
Published: October 2024

Integrating enzymatic reactions into computer-aided synthesis planning (CASP) should help devise more selective, economical, and greener synthetic routes.
Diverse quantum interference regimes in intramolecular singlet fission chromophores with thiophene-based linkers
Authors: Lee Jonghwan , Eom Sungsik , Kim Hyungjun
Published: October 2024

This work explores intramolecular singlet fission chromophores having diverse thiophene-based linkers and highlights the relation between quantum interference and nonadiabatic coupling in the multiexciton formation step of singlet fission.
Recent advances in hydrogel-based flexible strain sensors for harsh environment applications
Authors: Li Miaoyu , Pu Jie , Cao Qinghe , Zhao Wenbo , Gao Yong , Meng Ting , Chen Jipeng , Guan Cao
Published: October 2024

The application of hydrogel-based flexible strain sensors in harsh environments, including extreme temperatures, humidity, high mechanical strain, and strong corrosion, is investigated.
Direct synthesis of dialkyl ketones from deoxygenative cross-coupling of carboxylic acids and alcohols
Authors: Yang Bo , Tang Ri-Yuan
Published: October 2024

A direct deoxygenative cross-coupling between carboxylic acids and alcohols for dialkyl ketone synthesis via photoredox/nickel dual catalysis was developed. This protocol provides a powerful platform to construct a range of diverse ketone scaffolds.
Driving tert-butyl axial: the surprising cyclopropyl effect
Authors: Izzotti Anthony R. , Gleason James L.
Published: October 2024

Spirocyclopropanes promote axial orientation of adjacent groups on six-membered rings. The effect is due to steric and/or stereoelectronic effects, depending on the nature of the group, and is most significant for large or highly electronegative groups.
Uncovering diverse reactivity of NHCs with diazoalkane: C–H activation, CC bond formation, and access to N-heterocyclic methylenehydrazine
Authors: Balayan Kajal , Sharma Himanshu , Vanka Kumar , Gonnade Rajesh G. , Sen Sakya S.
Published: October 2024

Systematic investigation of Me3SiCHN2 with various types of nucleophilic and electrophilic NHCs resulted in diverse reactivities.
Unveiling olivine cathodes for high energy-density lithium-ion batteries: a comprehensive review from the atomic level to the electrode scale
Authors: Hwang Wonchan , Kim Jaehwan , Kim Shin-Yeong , Ko Eunseo , Lee Seojin , Kim Minseo , Yu Seung-Ho , Sung Yung-Eun , Kim Hyung-Seok , Kim Chunjoong , Park Jungjin
Published: October 2024

We propose unifying strategies for the development of high-energy, low-cost, long-lasting olivine cathodes through atomic to electrode level engineering, focusing on: (1) high energy densities, (2) kinetics, and (3) structural stabilities.
Ultrathin carbon layer-coated mesoporous core–shell-type FeP/Fe2O3/C for the hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Adam Alaaldin , Díez-García María Isabel , Morante Joan Ramon , Ali Muhammad , Chen Zijin , Tian Ziqi , Qamar Mohammad
Published: October 2024

With its unique morphology, bonding configuration, and mesoporous surface, FeP/Fe3O4/C demonstrates exceptional HER activity, significantly outperforming FeP/C.
A matter of design and coupling: high indoor charging efficiencies with organic solar modules directly coupled to a sodium ion battery
Authors: Kin Li-Chung , Distler Andreas , Astakhov Oleksandr , Kone Bakary , Kungl Hans , Karl André , Merdzhanova Tsvetelina , Eichel Rüdiger-A. , Brabec Christoph J. , Rau Uwe
Published: October 2024

Generalized framework for the design of indoor power units for autonomous Internet of Things (IOT) devices results in record efficiency combination of organic PV and sodium ion battery.
Solvent-free single-ion conducting polymer electrolyte for lithium-metal batteries synthesized via a unique donor–acceptor copolymerization
Authors: Shao Yunfan , Alloin Fannie , Bresser Dominic , Iojoiu Cristina
Published: October 2024

Unique donor–acceptor copolymerization of an ionic vinyl ether and a poly(ethylene glycol) containing maleate leads to a solvent-free single-ion conducting polymer electrolyte, which shows excellent performance in lithium metal batteries.
Co0 anchored on Co/N co-doped porous carbon material induces H migration to accelerate sulfite oxidation and Hg(ii) adsorption in flue gas desulfurization
Authors: Qi Tieyue , Li Tong , Zhang Jingzhao , Zhu Linsu , An Shanlong , Xing Lei , Wang Lidong , Li Qiangwei
Published: October 2024

The low oxidation rate of (NH4)2SO3 and the coexistence of Hg(ii) in desulfurization liquids restrict sulfur recovery for use as a high-value fertilizer.
Ultrathin two-dimensional membranes by assembling graphene and MXene nanosheets for high-performance precise separation
Authors: He Yifan , Guo Shanshan , Zhang Xueji , Qu Lijun , Fan Tingting , Miao Jinlei
Published: October 2024

Ultrathin 2D membranes were assembled by graphene and MXene nanosheets for separation to overcome the “trade-off” limitation between permeability and selectivity.
From medium- to high-entropy hydroxides for hybrid supercapacitors: a review
Authors: Palm Rasmus , Baena-Moncada Angélica María , Gonçalves Josué M.
Published: October 2024

This review highlights the recent progress of medium-entropy and high-entropy hydroxides for hybrid supercapacitors. Key synthesis methods and strategies are discussed. Challenges and prospects for these materials are also addressed.
MXene-based materials: potential high-performance electrodes for aqueous ion batteries
Authors: Chen Xiru , Wang Zhen , Xue Sensen , Guan Weixin , Gao Liguo , Ma Tingli , Ren Xuefeng , Liu Anmin , Li Xifei
Published: October 2024

This review provides a comprehensive analysis of recent advancements in MXene-based AIBs, with a particular emphasis on zinc-ion batteries.
Promoting fast potassium storage in CoSe2/VSe2 non-layered/layered heterostructured nanofibers
Authors: Xiao Shuhao , Zhu Ying , Liu Ximeng , Zhang Ruichuan , Qin Jiaqian , Chen Haiyuan , Niu Xiaobin , Wang John , Jiang Jinxia , Chen Jun Song
Published: October 2024

A heterostructure of non-layered CoSe2 and layered VSe2 was designed to enhance K storage. The lattice mismatch created significant distortion at phase boundaries, facilitating K diffusion and improving electrochemical performance in PIBs.
Free-standing films of nickel nanowires anchored with Ni3S2 nanosheets for stable Li anodes
Authors: Xu Yang , Li Gang , Hai Jiangtao , Yuan Hewei , Weng Haotian , Li Kun , Huang Xiaolu , Su Yanjie , Hu Nantao , Zhang Yafei
Published: October 2024

A free-standing 3D scaffold of nickel nanowires decorated with lithiophilic Ni3S2 nanosheets was successfully constructed for stable Li anodes.
0D/2D heterojunction photocatalysts for improved full-spectrum-light-driven hydrogen evolution
Authors: Zhan Shu , Yang Yang , Taixu Lu , Sanja Armaković , Lin Wang , Huilin Hou , Nengrong Tu , Pengcheng Li , Weijun Li , Weiyou Yang
Published: October 2024

Enhancing the full-spectrum light-driven hydrogen evolution of water splitting continues to be a pivotal challenge in the pursuit of advanced photocatalysts.
An in situ-activated and chemi-excited photooxygenation system based on G-poly(thioacetal) for Aβ1–42 aggregates
Authors: Liu Shasha , Li Yanping , Yang Jinrong , Zhang Lei , Yan Jinwu
Published: October 2024

BD-6-QM/NPs are chemically activated by H2O2 to produce 1O2, inhibit Aβ1–42 aggregation, promote BV2 phagocytosis of Aβ1–42, and alleviate Aβ1–42-induced neurotoxicity.
A responsive nanoprobe for ratiometric florescence detection of hydroxyl radicals in macrophage polarization
Authors: Alanazi Mazen , Wu Miaomiao , Yong Jiaxi , Zhang Zexi , Zhang Huayue , Tian Dihua , Zhang Run
Published: October 2024

We report the development of a hydroxyl radical responsive nanoprobe based on clay nanoparticles for ratiometric fluorescence determination and imaging of macrophage polarization induced by biomolecules and ultrasound stimulations.
Novel single-crystalline Hf1−xTixO2 1D nanostructures with room-temperature ferromagnetism
Authors: Beedel Mahdi , Thomas Joseph Palathinkal , Farkhondeh Hanieh , Zhang Lei , Heinig Nina F. , Leung Kam Tong
Published: October 2024

This study reports the first fabrication of Ti-doped HfO2 1D nanostructures via catalyst-assisted pulsed laser deposition. Their high CMOS compatibility and room-temperature ferromagnetism promise new integrated spintronic-CMOS applications.
A high-performance organic–inorganic self-powered broadband photodetector based on PANI/Bi2O2S nanocomposites
Authors: Li Bingwei , Wang Kai , Zhao Nanyin , Fu Zhentao , Wang Mingtao , Xie Zhuoqiao , Li Jun
Published: October 2024

A high-performance organic–inorganic self-powered broadband photodetector based on PANI/Bi2O2S nanocomposites exhibits ultrahigh responsiveness and fast response time.
Impact of steric effects on the statistical probability factor in triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion
Authors: Naimovičius Lukas , Zhang Simon K. , Pun Andrew B.
Published: October 2024

Herein, we develop structural design rules for upconversion annihilators. By removing sterically bulky groups, collisions are optimized, leading to annihilators with enhanced statistical probability factors and higher upconversion quantum yields.
Efficient stepwise carrier concentration optimization in Ge(1+x)−ySbyTe
Authors: Lyu Wanyu , Liu Weidi , Li Meng , Shi Xiaolei , Hong Min , Chen Wenyi , Cao Tianyi , Hu Boxuan , Chen Yongqi , Guo Kai , Chen Zhi-Gang
Published: October 2024

Owing to superior thermoelectric properties, GeTe shows practical applications in power generation and refrigeration.
Chain conformation and aggregation structure regulation of an efficient acceptor–acceptor type photovoltaic polymer
Authors: Gui Xiaoman , Ni Jianling , Shen Han , Zheng Bing , Sun Shisong , Gao Panfeng , Huo Lijun
Published: October 2024

Two novel acceptor1–acceptor2 (A1–A2) typed polymer donors with strong electron affinity were finely designed and tuned through the alkyl side chains. Their different H/J-aggregation behaviors and conformations obviously affected the corresponding nano morphology device performance.
A high-performance WS2/ZnO QD heterojunction photodetector with charge and energy transfer
Authors: Zheng Yanjie , Xu Zhe , Shi Kaixi , Li Jinhua , Fang Xuan , Jiang Zhenfeng , Chu Xueying
Published: October 2024

The WS2/ZnO QD heterojunction photodetector achieves high responsivity and ultra-fast response speed through the coexistence of charge transfer and non-radiative energy transfer.
Understanding the role of ten-eleven translocation family proteins in kidney diseases
Authors: Zhang Yuelin , Li Jiahui , Tan Li , Xue Jun , Shi Yujiang Geno
Published: October 2024

Epigenetic mechanisms play a critical role in the pathogenesis of human diseases including kidney disorders. As the erasers of DNA methylation, Ten-eleven translocation (TET) family proteins can oxidize 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC), thus leading to passive or active DNA demethylation. Similarly, TET family proteins can also catalyze the same reaction on RNA. In addition, TET family proteins can also regulate chromatin structure and gene expression in a catalytic activity-independent manner through recruiting the SIN3A/HDAC co-repressor complex. In 2012, we reported for the first time that the genomic 5-hydroxymethylcytosine level and the mRNA levels of Tet1 and Tet2 were significantly downregulated in murine kidneys upon ischemia and reperfusion injury. Since then, accumulating evidences have eventually established an indispensable role of TET family proteins in not only acute kidney injury but also chronic kidney disease. In this review, we summarize the upstream regulatory mechanisms and the pathophysiological role of TET family proteins in major types of kidney diseases and discuss their potential values in clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Word Learning in Arabic Diglossia in Children With Typical Language Development and Developmental Language Disorder
Authors: Ghawi-Dakwar Ola , Saiegh-Haddad Elinor
Published: October 2024

Purpose:

Word learning requires the creation of phonological and semantic representations and links in long-term memory. Phonological distance of a given word from the spoken language affects children's lexical–phonological representations and processing. The study investigates the role of the phonological distance of Modern Standard Arabic (StA) words from the child's Spoken Arabic (SpA) vernacular in word learning in Arabic diglossia. It also examines whether, given their vulnerable phonological skills, children with developmental language disorder (DLD) show a stronger impact of phonological distance on word learning than children with typical language development (TLD).

Method:

One hundred children with TLD and DLD in kindergarten and in first grade (25 per group) were tested on comprehension and production word-learning probes manipulating phonological distance. Learning monosyllabic and disyllabic nonwords encoding only SpA phonemes was compared with the learning of parallel nonwords encoding one unique StA consonant each.

Results:

Repeated-measures analyses of variance showed higher word learning scores in children with TLD on both probes and for both syllable lengths. Moreover, all children fared significantly lower, in both comprehension and production probes, when the target stimulus was phonologically distant from the spoken language. Finally, an interaction effect was observed on the production probes, revealing differences in the developmental dynamics of phonological distance effects between the groups: Phonological distance hindered word learning among children with TLD in kindergarten, but among children with DLD in the first grade.

Conclusions:

The results support the role of phonological distance as a phonological complexity factor in word learning in Arabic diglossia. Furthermore, they show that the effect of phonological distance is complex and it interacts with modality, language aptitude, and grade level. The theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.
Potential assessment of coordinated regulation of power load of emerging industrial users based on extreme scenarios of electric vehicle aggregators
Authors: Zhang Yuanshi , Zou Bokang , Liang Yiheng , Luo Yifu , Chen Mengtong , Ye Jingwen , Li Siqi , Li Yan , Hu Xiaoyan , Pan Weiqi
Published: October 2024

With the advancement of industrial low carbonization and electrification, emerging industrial production technologies have the characteristics of high‐power consumption and significant impact load. In the context of increasing global climate change, frequent extreme weather events have brought serious challenges to the balance of power and electricity in the power system, and have a significant impact on the production scheduling of industrial users, especially industrial users using electrified production technology. First, based on the representative high‐power industrial users of hydrogen reduction steel plants and internet datacentres (IDC), this paper establishes a flexible resource scheduling optimization model for single industrial users, and considers the collaborative relationship between multi‐user flexible resources to establish a collaborative scheduling optimization model for industrial users. Then, considering the charging and discharging characteristics of electric vehicles (EV) in extreme scenarios, the redundant capacity of EVs is aggregated by EV aggregators and sold to industrial users, and a collaborative scheduling optimization model of EV aggregators and industrial users is established. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm is verified by simulation analysis. Compared with the traditional industrial user production optimization, the proposed model can tap the potential of multi‐agent scheduling operation in extreme scenarios.
Transient synchronization stability mechanism of PMSG with additional inertia control
Authors: Zhang Yayao , Zhan Meng
Published: October 2024

Synchronous stability is crucial for the safety and operation of AC power systems. However, most of the current researches focused on the stability of grid‐connected converters, and that of renewable equipment still lacked. In this article, the impact of the additional inertia control (AIC) on the permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) is studied. It is found that with the AIC, the machine‐side converter dynamics of the PMSG cannot be ignored, and the system dominant dynamics shifts from the electromagnetic to electromechanical timescales. This article develops a simplified model for the single‐PMSG infinite‐bus system with the AIC within the electromechanical timescale, and reveals the transient synchronization stability mechanism from three aspects: the machine‐network interface, transient dominant variable, and interaction between the synchronization loop and the power imbalance loop. Finally, this article analyzes the swing characteristics of the PMSG system, and uncovers the relationship between the energy transmission and synchronization. These findings are supported by wide experimental verification and can provide the deeper physical insight and theoretical basis for the transient synchronous stability analysis of renewable‐dominated new‐type power systems.
The twisted jets and magnetic fields of the extended radio galaxy 4C 70.19
Authors: Weżgowiec M. , Jamrozy M. , Chyży K. T. , Hardcastle M. J. , Kuźmicz A. , Heald G. , Shimwell T. W.
Published: October 2024

Context. The appearance of the jets and lobes of some radio galaxies makes it difficult to assign them to a known class of objects. This is often due to the activity of the central engine and/or interactions with the environment, as well as projection effects.

Aims. We analyse the radio data for an apparently asymmetric radio source 4C 70.19, which is associated with the giant elliptical galaxy NGC 6048. The source shows distorted radio jets and lobes, one of which bends by 180°. The aim of our study is to explain the nature of the observed distortions.

Methods. We used LOFAR, Effelsberg, and VLA radio data in a wide range of frequencies. At high frequencies, we also used radio polarimetry to study the properties of the magnetic fields. Additionally, we made use of optical, infra-red, and X-ray data.

Results. Polarisation data suggest shearing of the magnetic fields at points where the jets bend. The low-frequency LOFAR map at 145 MHz, as well as the sensitive single-dish Effelsberg map at 8.35 GHz, reveal previously undetected diffuse emission around the source. The rotation measure (RM) derived from the polarimetric data allowed us to estimate the density of the medium surrounding the source, which agrees with typical densities of the intergalactic medium or the outer parts of insterstellar halos.

Conclusions. We propose that the southern jet is bent in the same manner as the northern one, but that it is inclined to the sky plane. Both these bends are likely caused by the orbital motion within the galaxy group, as well as interactions with the intergalactic medium. Our analyses suggest that, despite its complex morphology, 4C 70.19 seems to be intrinsically symmetric with a physical extent of up to 600 kpc, and that the diffuse emission detected in our high-sensitivity maps is related to radio plumes that are expanding behind the source.
Flows, circulations, and energy transport in the outer and deep atmospheres of synchronous and non-synchronous hot Jupiters
Authors: Sainsbury-Martinez Félix , Tremblin Pascal
Published: October 2024

Aims. Recent studies have shown that vertical enthalpy transport can explain the inflated radii of highly irradiated gaseous exoplanets. Simultaneously, they have also shown that rotation can influence this transport, leading to highly irradiated, rapidly rotating objects that are uninflated. Here, we explore the flows that underpin this transport, including the impact of synchronous or non-synchronous rotation.

Methods. We used DYNAMICO to run a series of long timescale HD209458b-like atmospheric models at various rotation rates. For models that are tidally locked, we considered rotation rates between 1/16th and 40 times the rotation rate of HD209458b, whilst for non-synchronous models, we considered the range one-eighth to four times HD209458b.

Results. We find that our synchronous models fall into one of three Ω-dependent regimes. At low Ω, we find that the outer atmosphere dynamics are driven by a divergent day-night wind, which drives weak vertical transport and can lead to the formation of a night-side hot-spot. At intermediate Ω, we find classical hot Jupiter dynamics, whilst at high Ω we find a strong Coriolis effect that suppresses off-equator dynamics, including the jet-driving standing waves, thus also reducing vertical transport. As for non-synchronicity, when small, we find that it has little effect on the dynamics. However as it grows, we find that temporal variations prevent the formation of the persistent structures that drive large-scale dynamics and transport.

Conclusions. We find that rotation can significantly impact the atmospheric dynamics of irradiated exoplanets, including vertical enthalpy advection, which may help explain the scatter in the hot Jupiter radius-irradiation relation. We have also identified a seemingly robust atmospheric feature at slow rotation: a night-side hot-spot. As this may have important implications for both the phase curve and atmospheric chemistry, we suggest that this study be followed up with next-generation global circulation models (GCMs) that robustly model radiation and chemistry.
Estimates of (convective core) masses, radii, and relative ages for ∼14 000 Gaia-discovered gravity-mode pulsators monitored by TESS
Authors: Mombarg Joey S. G. , Aerts Conny , Van Reeth Timothy , Hey Daniel
Published: October 2024

Context. Gravito-inertial asteroseismology saw its birth from the 4-year-long light curves of rotating main-sequence stars assembled by the Kepler space telescope. High-precision measurements of internal rotation and mixing are available for about 600 stars of intermediate mass so far that are used to challenge the state-of-the-art stellar structure and evolution models.

Aims. Our aim is to prepare for future large ensemble modelling of gravity-mode pulsators by relying on a new sample of such stars recently discovered from the third Data Release of the Gaia space mission and confirmed by space photometry from the TESS mission. This sample of potential asteroseismic targets is about 23 times larger than the Kepler sample.

Methods. We use the effective temperature and luminosity inferred from Gaia to deduce evolutionary masses, convective core masses, radii, and ages for ∼14 000 gravity-mode pulsators classified as such from their nominal TESS light curves. We do so by constructing two dedicated grids of evolutionary models for rotating stars with input physics from the asteroseismic calibrations of Keplerγ Dor pulsators. These two grids consider the distribution of initial rotation velocities at the zero-age main sequence deduced from gravito-inertial asteroseismology, for two extreme values found for the metallicity of γ Dor stars deduced from spectroscopy ([M/H]=0.0 and −0.5).

Results. We find the new gravity-mode pulsators to cover an extended observational instability region covering masses from about 1.3 M⊙ to about 9 M⊙. We provide their mass-luminosity and mass-radius relations, as well as convective core masses. Our results suggest that oscillations excited by the opacity mechanism occur uninterruptedly for the mass range above about 2 M⊙, where stars have a radiative envelope aside from thin convection zones in their excitation layers.

Conclusions. Our evolutionary parameters for the sample of Gaia-discovered gravity-mode pulsators with confirmed modes by TESS offer a fruitful starting point for future TESS ensemble asteroseismology once a sufficient number of modes is identified in terms of the geometrical wave numbers and overtone for each of the pulsators.
The tight correlation between PAH and CO emission from z ∼ 0 to 4
Authors: Shivaei Irene , Boogaard Leindert A.
Published: October 2024

Aims. The cold molecular gas mass is one of the crucial, yet challenging, parameters in galaxy evolution studies. Here, we introduce a new calibration and a method for estimating molecular gas masses using mid-infrared (MIR) photometry. This topic is timely as the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) now allows us to detect the MIR emission of typical main-sequence galaxies across a wide range of masses and star formation rates with modest time investments. Additionally, this Letter highlights the strong synergy between ALMA and JWST for studies of dust and gas at cosmic noon.

Methods. We combined a sample of 14 main-sequence galaxies at z = 1 − 3 with robust CO detections and multi-band MIR photometry, along with a literature sample at z = 0 − 4 with CO and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) spectroscopy, to study the relationship between PAH, CO(1–0), and total IR luminosities. PAH luminosities are derived by modelling a wealth of rest-frame UV to sub-millimetre data. The new z = 1 − 3 sample extends previous high-z studies to PAH and CO luminosities that are about an order of magnitude lower, into the regime of local starbursts, for the first time.

Results. The PAH-to-CO luminosity ratio remains constant across a wide range of luminosities, for various galaxy types, and throughout the explored redshift range. In contrast, the PAH-to-IR and CO-to-IR luminosity ratios deviate from a constant value at high IR luminosities. The intrinsic scatter in the L(PAH)–L′(CO) relation is 0.21 dex, with a median of 1.40 and a power-law slope of 1.07 ± 0.04. Both the PAH–IR and CO–IR relations are sub-linear. Given the tight and uniform PAH–CO relation over ∼3 orders of magnitude, we provide a recipe for estimating the cold molecular gas mass of galaxies from PAH luminosities, with a PAH-to-molecular gas conversion factor of αPAH7.7 = (3.08 ± 1.08)(4.3/αCO) M⊙/L⊙. This method opens a new window to explore the gas content of galaxies beyond the local Universe using multi-wavelength JWST/MIRI imaging.
Novel gene arrangement in the mitochondrial genome of Aspersentis megarhynchus (Acanthocephala, Echinorhynchida, Heteracanthocephalidae), and its phylogenetic implications
Authors: Xie Yuan-Yuan , Chen Hui-Xia , Kuzmina Tetiana A. , Lisitsyna Olga , Li Liang
Published: October 2024

The Heteracanthocephalidae Petrochenko, 1956 is a rare family of acanthocephalans mainly parasitic in fishes. The pattern of mitogenomic evolution of the Heteracanthocephalidae is still unknown, and the phylogenetic relationships of the Heteracanthocephalidae with the other 14 families within the order Echinorhynchida remain unclear. In the present study, the complete mitochondrial genome of Aspersentis megarhynchus (von Linstow, 1892) Golvan, 1960 was sequenced and annotated for the first time, which represents the first mitogenomic data for the genus Aspersentis and also for the family Heteracanthocephalidae. The mitogenome of A. megarhynchus has 14,661 bp and includes 36 genes, containing 12 protein-coding genes (PCGs) (missing atp8), 22 tRNA genes, and 2 ribosomal RNAs (rrnS and rrnL), plus two non-coding regions. Comparative mitochondrial genomic analysis revealed that the presence of translocations of several tRNA genes (trnV, trnE, and trnT) and the gene arrangement in the mitogenome of A. megarhynchus represents a new type in Acanthocephala. Moreover, the mitogenomic phylogenetic results based on concatenated amino acid sequences of 12 protein-coding genes strongly supported the validity of the Heteracanthocephalidae and suggested close affinity between the Heteracanthocephalidae and Echinorhynchidae in the order Echinorhynchida.
Hormonell bedingte vaginale Trockenheit
Authors: Löwensprung Natalie Rosenhauervon , Welsch Katja , Stern Apothekerin Cornelia , Zimmermann Aromatherapeutin Eliane
Published: October 2024

4 Expert*innen stellen Ihnen Behandlungsstrategien aus der Anthroposophie, Gemmotherapie, Aromatherapie und Homöopathie vor.
„Der Knubbel nervt!”
Authors: Jahn Claus
Published: October 2024

Ganglien, auch Synovialzysten genannt, entstehen durch Flüssigkeitsaustritt aus der Gelenkkapsel, wodurch sich eine Pseudozyste („Überbein“) bildet. Zu den möglichen Ursachen zählen Traumen, Entzündungen, Überlastungen oder Degeneration im Gelenkbereich. Im vorgestellten Fall entwickelte eine Berufsmusikerin durch ständige mechanische Belastung ein Ganglion im Bereich des Handgelenkes mit Schmerzen und Bewegungseinschränkungen. Konventionelle Therapien wie Ruhigstellung, Antiphlogistika, Punktion oder Chirurgie waren aufgrund ihres Berufs nicht möglich oder blieben erfolglos. Eine Kombination aus naturheilkundlicher Schmerzreduktion, Ableitung des Zysteninhaltes, Stärkung des Bindegewebes und Ordnungstherapie stellte die Schmerzfreiheit und Beweglichkeit so weit her, dass die Patientin ihren Beruf wieder problemlos ausführen konnte.
Wertvolle Hinweise
Authors: Schmid Eva C.
Published: October 2024

Die richtige Interpretation von Laborwerten hilft nicht nur bei der Diagnose von Krankheiten. Sie kann entscheidende Hinweise für die Therapie geben und ermöglicht es außerdem, Behandlungserfolge im Verlauf nachzuvollziehen. Die Befunde müssen stets in einem größeren Zusammenhang gesehen werden: Referenzwerte beim gesunden Organismus, differenzialdiagnostische Überlegungen sowie Faktoren, die Werte verfälschen können, sind zu berücksichtigen. Im Beitrag werden wichtige Laborwerte und ihre Bedeutung erläutert. Das Spektrum reicht von einer routinemäßigen Grunddiagnostik („kleines Blutbild“) bis zu den zahlreichen Parametern, die beispielsweise in einer erweiterten Leberdiagnostik erhoben werde.
Synthesis and Characterization of Acacia-Stabilized
Doxorubicin-Loaded Gold Nanoparticles for Breast Cancer Therapy
Authors: Devi Laxmi , Kushwaha Poonam , Ansari Tarique Mahmood , Rao Amit , Kumar Ashish
Published: October 2024

The targeted delivery of drugs is vital in breast cancer treatment due to its
ability to produce long-lasting therapeutic effects with minimal side effects.
This study reports the successful development of doxorubicin hydrochloride
(DOX)-loaded colloidal gold nanoparticles stabilized with acacia gum (AG).
Optimization studies varied AG concentrations (0.25% to 3% w/v) to determine
optimal conditions for nanoparticle synthesis. The resulting acacia stabilized
gold nanoparticles (AGNPs) were characterized using various techniques including
high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), powder X-ray
diffraction (PXRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), ultraviolet-visible
spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission
scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and selected area electron diffraction
(SAED). In vitro drug release studies demonstrated a higher release rate of DOX
in sodium acetate buffer (pH 5.0) compared to phosphate buffer saline (pH 7.4),
suggesting an enhanced therapeutic efficacy in acidic tumor environments.
Cytotoxicity of DOX-AGNPs and free DOX was assessed in human breast cancer cells
(MDA-MB-231). The DOX-AGNPs exhibited significantly greater cytotoxicity,
indicating enhanced efficacy in targeting cancer cells. This enhancement
suggests that adsorbing DOX on the surface of gold nanoparticles can improve
drug delivery and effectiveness, potentially reducing side effects compared to
pure DOX and traditional delivery methods. Stability tests conducted over six
months at 25±1°C showed significant changes in particle size and PDI, suggesting
limited stability under these conditions. Overall, the acacia-stabilized gold
nanoparticles synthesized in this study exhibit promising characteristics for
drug delivery applications, particularly in cancer therapy, with effective drug
loading, controlled release, and favorable physicochemical properties.
Optimizing Surgical Outcomes for Skull Base Epidermoid Cysts
Authors: Waqar Mueez , Shoakazemi Alireza , Barber James , Pathmanaban Omar N. , Rutherford Scott A. , King Andrew T. , Hammerbeck-Ward Charlotte
Published: October 2024

Introduction Surgery for skull base epidermoid cysts (SBECs) has several inherent risks including aseptic meningitis and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) malabsorption. Perioperative measures to reduce the likelihood of such complications have not been evaluated, and this study sought to compare outcomes before and after implementation of an institutional perioperative protocol in the management of SBECs.

Methods Review of a prospective database of surgically managed SBECs. Outcomes were compared before (2003–2008) and after (2010–2021) implementation of a perioperative protocol including intraoperative hyper-irrigation, prolonged course of postoperative steroids, and aggressive management of CSF malabsorption.

Results A total of 39 patients were included: 12 before and 27 after implementation of the protocol. The groups were similar with respect to mean age (p = 0.99), gender (p = 0.29), surgical approach—most commonly retrosigmoid (p > 0.99)—and extent of resection—most commonly total or near total (p = 0.64). The post-protocol implementation group had a significantly lower rate of CSF diversion (p = 0.04). The overall rates of hydrocephalus (7 vs. 30%), CSF leak (19 vs. 33%), bacterial meningitis (15 vs. 33%), and mean length of stay (12 vs. 49 days) were lower in the post-implementation group, although differences did not reach statistical significance. Rates of aseptic meningitis and cranial nerve palsies were similar.

Conclusion Our additional perioperative measures resulted in more favorable CSF dynamics with reduced need for CSF diversion and secondary consequences such as wound leaks and infective meningitis.
Effectiveness of Preoperative Antiseptic Preparation in Transnasal Skull Base Surgery: A Randomized Three-Arm Controlled Trial
Authors: Ajlan Abdulrazag , Alatar Abdullah , Abdulqader Sarah Bin , Alqurashi Ashwag , Basindwah Sarah , Farrash Faisal , Aldhwaihy Lolo , Elahi Basim M. Noor , Alrasheed Abdulaziz S. , Alqahtani Abdulaziz , Alroqi Ahmad , Alokby Ghassan , Alzhrani Gmaan , Alromaih Saud , Bafaquh Mohammed , Alhammad Othman , Alobaid Abdullah , AlFawwaz Fahad , Alsaleh Saad
Published: October 2024

Objective Transnasal skull base surgery is a complex and invasive procedure that involves the use of preoperative antiseptic preparations. However, evidence supporting their use in preventing postoperative infectious complications is limited. The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of preoperative antiseptic techniques in reducing postoperative infectious complications within 30 days of surgery.

Methods A multicenter, prospective, randomized, single-blind, three-arm trial was conducted from February 2019 to October 2021. Participants were randomized to either of three antiseptic preparation techniques: external 0.9% NaCl nasal preparation, external 0.05% chlorhexidine gluconate, or intranasal irrigation with 80 mg of gentamicin added to 1,000 mL of 0.9% NaCl plus external nasal preparation with chlorhexidine gluconate 0.05%. A total of 130 adults with skull base pathologies were randomized; 12 were excluded before randomization for failure to meet the inclusion criteria (n = 9) or refusal to participate (n = 3). We excluded patients with evidence of infection adjacent to the surgical site, allergies to preparation methods, those who underwent craniotomy during the same admission, and pediatric patients.

Results The mean age of the participants was 43.26 ± 14.45 years. Nine patients developed postoperative infections (meningitis, n = 8; sinusitis, n = 2). Among the factors studied, length of surgery (p = 0.002), perioperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion (p = 0.01), chordoma (p = 0.004), extended approach (p = 0.026), and postoperative CSF leak (p = 0.025) were significantly associated with postoperative infections. There were no clinically meaningful or significant differences in the studied intervention groups regarding postoperative infectious complications.

Conclusion Preoperative antiseptic techniques failed to prefer one application to prevent postoperative infectious complications in patients who underwent endoscopic transnasal skull base surgery.
Cluster Preface: Synthesis of Energetic Molecules
Authors: Huang Haifeng , Yang Jun
Published: October 2024

Haifeng Huang

is a professor at Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China. He received his Ph.D. in 2012 from Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT) under the guidance of Prof. Zhiming Zhou. Then, he joined Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry to start his academic career. His research interests mainly focus on the design and synthesis of new energetic materials.

Jun Yang received his Ph.D. at Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2005 under the supervision of Prof. Minzhi Deng. He is now a professor of the Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS. His research interests primarily include the synthesis of energetic materials and energy regulation materials for solid and liquid propellants.
Recent Progress in the Synthesis and Glycosylation of Rare Sugars
Authors: Hauser Nicole M. , Wenninger Marvin , Poulsen Martin L. , Larsen Megan E.
Published: October 2024

Out of 42 naturally occurring monosaccharides, only seven are abundant in Nature (glucose, galactose, mannose, fructose, xylose, ribose, and l-arabinose), while the others have been classified as ‘rare sugars’. Fungi and bacteria use a wide range of monosaccharides, in contrast to mammals, reflected in their glycosylated metabolites, as well as the cellular machineries that are involved in their sugar metabolism. Recognition of the microbiome’s impact on human health has led to increased interest in microbial glycans, as they often mediate interaction between host and microbes. Efficient access to rare sugars and oligosaccharides is necessary to study their roles in Nature, which can provide new pharmacological leads. Furthermore, it enables the synthesis of bioactive glycosylated natural products and congeners. This short review highlights recent progress in the synthesis and the efficient, site- and stereoselective glycosylation of rare sugars. Finally, it provides a recent example where synthetic access to rare sugars has enabled biochemical studies to better understand and interfere with processes in Nature.

1 Introduction

2 Synthesis of Rare Sugars

2.1 Syntheses from Renewable Feedstock

2.2 De Novo Syntheses

3 Glycosylation

3.1 Catalyst-Controlled Glycosylation

3.2 One-Pot Iterative Oligosaccharide Synthesis in Solution

4 Application in Biochemical Research

5 Conclusion