bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes	in biomass burning, wetland extent, or	agriculture drive atmospheric NH3 trends in several African regions
Authors: Hickman Jonathan E. , Andela Niels , Dammers Enrico , Clarisse Lieven , Coheur Pierre-François , Van Damme Martin , Di Vittorio Courtney , Ossohou Money , Galy-Lacaux Corrine , Tsigaridis Kostas , Bauer Susanne
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Atmospheric ammonia (NH3) is a precursor to fine particulate matter and a source of nitrogen (N) deposition that can adversely affect ecosystem health. The main sources of NH3 – agriculture and biomass burning – are undergoing or expected to undergo substantial changes in Africa. Although evidence of increasing NH3 over parts of Africa has been observed, the mechanisms behind these trends are not well understood. Here we use observations of atmospheric NH3 vertical column densities (VCDs) from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) along with other satellite observations of the land surface and atmosphere to evaluate how NH3 concentrations have changed over Africa from 2008 through 2017, and what has caused those changes. We find that NH3 VCDs have increased over several regions, including much of West Africa and parts of the Lake Victoria Basin. In West Africa NH3 VCDs are observed to increase during the late dry season, with increases of over 6 % yr−1 in Nigeria during February and March. These positive trends are associated with increasing burned area and CO trends during these months, likely related to agricultural preparation. Increases are also observed in the Lake Victoria Basin, where they are associated with expanding agricultural area. In contrast, South Sudan NH3 VCDs declined by over 2 % yr−1 during the February through May period, with the largest rates of change over the Sudd wetlands. Annual maxima in NH3 VCDs in South Sudan occur during February through May and are associated with drying of temporarily flooded wetland soils, which favor emissions of NH3. The change in mean NH3 VCDs over the Sudd and all of South Sudan during February through May is strongly correlated with variation in wetland extent in the Sudd: in years when more area remained flooded during the dry season, NH3 concentrations were higher (r = 0.69, p = 0.03). Relationships between agriculture and NH3 can be observed when evaluating national-scale statistics: countries with the largest declines in NH3 VCDs concentrations over time tended to have the smallest growth rates in crop productivity and livestock numbers as well as smaller negative changes in burned area than other countries. Fertilizer use in Africa is currently low but growing; implementing practices that can limit NH3 losses from fertilizer as agriculture is intensified may help mitigate impacts on health and ecosystems.
Implementation of an incoherent broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy technique in an atmospheric simulation chamber for in situ NO3 monitoring: characterization and validation for kinetic studies
Authors: Fouqueau Axel , Cirtog Manuela , Cazaunau Mathieu , Pangui Edouard , Zapf Pascal , Siour Guillaume , Landsheere Xavier , Méjean Guillaume , Romanini Daniele , Picquet-Varrault Bénédicte
Published: November 2020

Abstract. An incoherent broadband cavity-enhanced absorption
spectroscopy (IBBCEAS) technique has been developed for the in situ monitoring
of NO3 radicals at the parts per trillion level in the CSA simulation chamber (at
LISA). The technique couples an incoherent broadband light source centered
at 662 nm with a high-finesse optical cavity made of two highly reflecting
mirrors. The optical cavity which has an effective length of 82 cm allows
for up to 3 km of effective absorption and a high sensitivity for NO3
detection (up to 6 ppt for an integration time of 10 s). This
technique also allows for NO2 monitoring (up to 9 ppb for an integration
time of 10 s). Here, we present the experimental setup as well as
tests for its characterization and validation. The validation tests include
an intercomparison with another independent technique (Fourier-transform infrared, FTIR) and the
absolute rate determination for the reaction trans-2-butene + NO3, which is
already well documented in the literature. The value of (4.13 ± 0.45) × 10−13 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 has been found,
which is in good agreement with previous determinations. From these
experiments, optimal operation conditions are proposed. The technique is now
fully operational and can be used to determine rate constants for fast
reactions involving complex volatile organic compounds (VOCs; with rate constants
up to 10−10 cm3 molecule−1 s−1).
Developing the hertz art–science project to allow inaudible sounds of the Earth and cosmos to be experienced
Authors: Marlton Graeme J. , Robson Juliet
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The Earth and atmosphere are in constant motion. Volcanoes,
glaciers, earthquakes, thunderstorms, and even the aurora borealis produce powerful low-frequency sounds known as infrasound. Infrasound is constantly passing through our atmosphere at frequencies of less than 20 Hz, below the range of human hearing, which is effectively an inaudible symphony. Inspired by wanting to allow physical access to this natural phenomenon, a collaboration between the worlds of contemporary art and meteorology has been developed. This led to a project called hertz, named after the 19th century physicist Heinrich Hertz, whose surname provides the scientific unit (Hz) for frequency. Hertz explores the manifestation of the hidden vibrations of our own planet and the secret harmonies of our stars. The manifestation of the hidden vibrations of our own planet was principally achieved using a subwoofer and furniture adapted to vibrate to the amplitude of infrasonic waves from pre-recorded sources and in real time. The project's motivations are to explore new methods for experiencing and re-engaging with parts of our planet through this phenomenon. Hertz has had a UK national tour in which 7000 people interacted with the piece, of which approximately 85 % felt more reconnected to the environment after interacting with the installation. This paper describes the concepts, creative ideas, technology, and science behind the project. It addresses its development, including the steps to make it accessible for all, and examines its impact on those who created and interacted with the work.
Influence of basement rocks on fluid evolution during multiphase deformation: the example of the Estamariu thrust in the Pyrenean Axial Zone
Authors: Muñoz-López Daniel , Alías Gemma , Cruset David , Cantarero Irene , John Cédric M. , Travé Anna
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Calcite veins precipitated in the Estamariu thrust during
two tectonic events are studied in order to (i) decipher the temporal and
spatial relationships between deformation and fluid migration in a
long-lived thrust and (ii) determine the influence of basement rocks on the
fluid chemistry during deformation. Structural and petrological observations
constrain the relative timing of fluid migration and vein formation, whilst
geochemical analyses (δ13C, δ18O,
87Sr∕86Sr, clumped isotope thermometry, and elemental composition)
applied to the related calcite cements and host rocks indicate the fluid
origin, pathways, and extent of fluid–rock interaction. The first tectonic
event, recorded by calcite cements Cc1a and Cc2, is attributed to the Alpine
reactivation of the Estamariu thrust. Analytical data indicate that these
cements precipitated from heated meteoric fluids (temperatures in the range
of 50 to 100 ∘C) that had interacted with basement rocks
(87Sr∕86Sr > 0.71) before upflowing through the thrust
zone. The second tectonic event, attributed to the Neogene extension, is
characterized by the reactivation of the Estamariu thrust and the formation
of normal faults and shear fractures sealed by calcite cements Cc3, Cc4, and
Cc5. Analytical data indicate that cements Cc3 and Cc4 precipitated from
hydrothermal fluids (temperatures between 130 and 210 ∘C
and between 100 and 170 ∘C, respectively) that had
interacted with basement rocks (87Sr∕86Sr > 0.71) and
been expelled through fault zones during deformation. In contrast, cement
Cc5 probably precipitated from meteoric waters that likely percolated from
the surface through small shear fractures. The comparison between our results and already published data in other
structures from the southern Pyrenees suggests that regardless of the origin
of the fluids and the tectonic context, basement rocks have a significant
influence on the fluid chemistry, particularly on the 87Sr∕86Sr
ratio. Accordingly, the cements precipitated from fluids that have
interacted with basement rocks have significantly higher 87Sr∕86Sr
ratios (> 0.710) with respect to those precipitated from fluids
that have interacted with the sedimentary cover (< 0.710), which
involves younger and less radiogenic rocks.
Evidence for the Late Cretaceous Asteroussia event in the
Gondwanan Ios basement terranes
Authors: Yeung Sonia , Forster Marnie , Skourtsos Emmanuel , Lister Gordon
Published: November 2020

Abstract. 40Ar/39Ar geochronology on garnet-mica schists and the underlying Gondwanan granitoid basement terrane on Ios demonstrates evidence of a Late Cretaceous high pressure, medium temperature (HP–MP) metamorphic event. This suggests that the Asteroussia crystalline nappe on Crete may extend northward and include Ios, in the Cyclades. If this is correct, the northern part of the Asteroussia nappe (on Ios) is overlain by the terrane stack defined by the individual slices of the Cycladic Eclogite-Blueschist Unit, whereas in the south (in Crete) the Asteroussia nappe is at the top of a nappe stack defined by the individual tectonic units of the external Hellenides. This geometry implies that the accretion of the Ios basement terrane involved a significant leap (250–300 km) southwards of the surface outcrop of the subduction megathrust. This accretion would have commenced at or about ~38 Ma, when the already exhumed terranes of the Cycladic Eclogite-Blueschist Unit had begun to thrust over the Ios basement. By ~35 Ma, we suggest the subduction jump had been accomplished, and renewed rollback began the extreme extension that led to the exhumation of the Ios metamorphic core complex.
Corporate Determinants and Human Resource Accounting Disclosure of Listed Banks in Nigeria
Authors: Adejuwon Ayodeji Matthew , Olurankinse Felix , Jinadu Olugbenga
Published: November 2020

The study investigates whether a significant relationship exists between corporate determinants and human resource accounting disclosure of selected banks in Nigeria. It also looks at whether human resource accounting disclosure is influenced by banks profitability, firm size and listing age. Data were obtained from the annual reports and corporate websites of the selected banks for the periods between 2014 and 2018. In testing the research hypotheses, the study engaged the use of panel least square regression in analysing the data. The findings revealed that there is a significant positive relationship between profitability, firm size and human resource accounting disclosure. However, listing age exhibited no relationship with human resource accounting disclosure. The study recommends that listed banks in Nigeria should be encouraged to mandatorily disclose human resource accounting information so as to enhance their social reputation and reduce the potential agency costs. Also, the study contributes to the existing models, in terms of depicting specific attributes that measure the determinants of human resource accounting disclosure of listed banks in Nigeria.
Benigna von Zinzendorf's Reports about Her American Travels, 1741–1742
Authors: McCullough Thomas J.
Published: November 2020

In late 1741 Benigna von Zinzendorf, a fifteen-year-old woman, arrived in North America from Europe, right around the period in which the Moravian community in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, was organized. Scholarship on the founding years of the Moravian Church in North America has been largely based upon the communal Bethlehem Diary, and narrated through the writings of Nicolaus Ludwig von Zinzendorf, Benigna's father, August Gottlieb Spangenberg, and other patriarchal figures. Archivists recognize the importance of increasing access to handwritten archival materials and manuscript collections, especially those that give historical agency to underrepresented groups in archives. In an effort to diversify the body of accessible source materials from this era, transcribed and translated here are four reports that Benigna wrote and addressed from North America, 1741–42, to Moravian women in Europe.
A genetic algorithm using Calinski-Harabasz index for automatic clustering problem
Authors: Lima Suzane Pereira , Cruz Marcelo Dib
Published: November 2020

Data clustering is a technique that aims to represent a dataset in clusters according to their similarities. In clustering algorithms, it is usually assumed that the number of clusters is known. Unfortunately, the optimal number of clusters is unknown for many applications. This kind of problem is called Automatic Clustering. There are several cluster validity indexes for evaluating solutions, it is known that the quality of a result is influenced by the chosen function. From this, a genetic algorithm is described in this article for the resolution of the automatic clustering using the Calinski-Harabasz Index as a form of evaluation. Comparisons of the results with other algorithms in the literature are also presented. In a first analysis, fitness values equivalent or higher are found in at least 58% of cases for each comparison. Our algorithm can also find the correct number of clusters or close values in 33 cases out of 48. In another comparison, some fitness values are lower, even with the correct number of clusters, but graphically the partitioning are adequate. Thus, it is observed that our proposal is justified and improvements can be studied for cases where the correct number of clusters is not found.
Physical activity and sleep in patients with hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome and patients with generalized hypermobility spectrum disorder
Authors: Coussens Marie , De Wandele Inge , Pacey Verity , Malfait Fransiska , De Craemer Marieke , Demeyer Heleen , Rombaut Lies , Calders Patrick
Published: November 2020

Aims: Research objectively evaluating physical activity (PA) and sleep in adults with hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (hEDS) and generalized hypermobility spectrum disorder (G-HSD) is lacking. Furthermore, it is not clear to what extent frequently occurring symptoms in these patients are related to their PA and sleep. Therefore, a cross-sectional study was performed to objectively evaluate, and identify factors contributing to, PA and sleep in adults with hEDS and G-HSD. Methods: Twenty female adults with hEDS, 23 with G-HSD, and 32 healthy controls participated. Physical activity and sleep were measured using two tri-axial ActiGraphs worn over seven consecutive days. Furthermore, questionnaires evaluating frequently occurring symptoms were completed. Regression analysis was performed to determine major contributors to PA and sleep. Results: Daily step counts were significantly lower in both patient groups compared to the control (CTR) group (p lessthan 0.04) and to the recommended 7500 steps (p≤0.001). Other PA and sleep variables did not differ between the groups. In the hEDS group, body mass index and kinesiophobia were related to PA, explaining 53% of the variance in step counts. In the G-HSD group, 18.5% of the variance in step counts could be attributed to the variance in pain impact. Conclusion: Adults with hEDS and G-HSD had lower step counts than healthy peers, which may be partially due to kinesiophobia and the impact of pain respectively. No differences in objectively measured sleep parameters were identified. Treatment focusing on fear-avoidance beliefs and pain relief could potentially increase daily step counts and benefit overall health in these patients.
The development of an innovative mentorship experience for an online RN-to-BSN program
Authors: Wholeben Melissa A. , McKee Gloria , Tolouian Audrey , Rankin Diane
Published: November 2020

The Institute of Medicine, Carnegie Foundation and the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) initially accelerated the movement to increase the number of Baccalaureate (BSN) prepared nurses in the workforce. Research demonstrated lower mortality rates, fewer medication errors and positive outcomes linked to nurses prepared at the BSN and higher levels. The purpose of this article is to describe the steps utilized in the development of an innovative mentorship project that provides mentored clinical practice experiences to students enrolled in an RN-to-BSN program delivered 100% online. This mentorship project was developed with two main aims in mind: 1) To develop two quality clinical practice mentorship experiences for online RN-to-BSN students and 2) To provide a process for the implementation and evaluation of the clinical practice mentorship experiences.
Dual Mobility Cup: Does It Improve Patient's Satisfaction After Total Hip Arthroplasty? A Prospective Comparative Randomized Study
Authors: Samy Ahmed M. , Mahmoud Ashraf Atef , El-Tantawy Ahmad
Published: November 2020

Introduction:

Despite the great success of total hip arthroplasty (THA), many patients were fairly dissatisfied after surgery. Therefore, patient-reported outcome measures have become of an utmost importance in assessing the results after joint replacement. This study was conducted to compare the postoperative patient-reported satisfactions after implantation of two commonly used THA designs.

Methods:

Of 180 patients, who initially fulfilled the study selection criteria and received cementless THA, 165 patients were finally eligible and enrolled in this prospective comparative randomized study. All surgeries were carried out between 2010 and 2018. Two groups of homogenous demographic and clinical data were present. Group A patients (n = 80) were treated by large head THA, whereas group B (n = 85) received dual mobility cup designs. The Western Ontario McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index and visual analog scale were used for clinical evaluation. The degree of improvement that the patient expected and hoped before undergoing their surgeries was estimated using the score of the new knee society. The self-administered patient satisfaction scale was used to record the levels of patient satisfaction after surgery, and their values were statistically analyzed in relation to preoperative expectation scores (ie, score of the new knee society) and different clinical and sociodemographic variables.

Results:

After a mean follow-up of 79 ± 4.13 months (range 24 to 96 months), both groups recorded a significant improvement (P < 0.05) in Western Ontario McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index and visual analogue scale scores. Patients of group B were significantly more satisfied (P < 0.05) than those of group A up to the first postoperative year. Certain studied variables were linked to superior satisfaction results among group B at the last follow-up.

Conclusions:

Dual mobility THA provides better patient satisfaction than their standard large head alternatives specifically among elderly patients, socially unsupported individuals, farmers, heavy manual workers, and those with high levels of expectations.

Clinical Trial Registration:

Clinical Trials.gov identifier: NCT04333316.
Seismic response of elevated water reservoirs
Authors: Hunt B. , Priestley M. J. N.
Published: November 2020

Equations previously developed for a ground-supported, rigid cylindrical reservoir and based on the classical approximations of linearized, inviscid wave mechanics are extended to cope with the case of elevated reservoirs supported by flexible columns. Solutions for column shear forces and free surface displacements are developed in a form suitable for computer prediction of time-history response. Sensitivity of results to the time-step size and the number of slosh modes is examined, and it is concluded that accurate estimates of water level fluctuations can only be obtained if at least 10 modes are used. A realistic example is presented to illustrate the method, and the response to two accelerograms is compared with predictions obtained from Housner's simplified approach.
Sisterhood as a Saviour of Afghan Women: An Analysis of Khaled Hosseini’s Ideology
Authors: Asif Muhammad , Rashid Radzuwan Ab. , Ismail Hanita Hanim , Al-Smadi Omar Ali , Yassin Baderaddin
Published: November 2020

Sisterhood corresponds to a bond of love, cooperation and solidarity among women to fight against their individual or collective oppression at the hands of patriarchy. It initiates and shapes the struggle of women against their sexism. On the other hand, envy and non-cooperation act as enemies of women, making them as easy prey for the patriarchal forces. This study provides a textual analysis of Afghan American novelist Khaled Hosseini’s novels A Thousand Splendid Suns and And the Mountains Echoed. The theoretical foundations of the research are laid down on the theories proposed by bell hooks. The study shows that the solidarity of female characters in the novels freed them from the oppression of patriarchy. However, their envy and non-cooperation led them to the domination of men. This study is a unique addition to the topic as it brings together the ideals of sisterhood and envy on the selected novels of Khaled Hosseini.
The Impact of Coronavirus Pandemic on Stock Market Return: The Case of the MENA Region
Authors: Arafa Amr , Alber Nader
Published: November 2020

This paper attempts to investigate the impact of Coronavirus spread on the stock markets of MENA region. Coronavirus has been measured by cumulative total cases, cumulative total deaths, new cases and new deaths, while stock market return is measured by Δ in the stock market index. This has been applied on stock markets of 7 countries (Egypt, Jordan, Morocco, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Tunisia), on daily basis during the period from March 1, 2020, to July 24, 2020.

Results indicate that stock market returns in the MENA countries tend to be negatively affected Coronavirus cumulative deaths and Coronavirus new deaths. A robustness check has been conducted for each country during the whole period, showing significant effect of Coronavirus cumulative cases in Jordan and Tunisia and significant effect of Coronavirus cumulative deaths in Jordan, Morocco and Tunisia, without any evidence about the effects of Coronavirus new cases and Coronavirus new cases.

After splitting the research period into 4 sub-periods (March, April, May, June- July 24), results support the impact of “cumulative Coronavirus cases” on stock market return in Jordan during May and in Morocco during April. Besides, the impact of “cumulative Coronavirus deaths” has been supported in in Morocco during April, and in Tunisia during March and June-July. Moreover, “new Coronavirus cases” seems to have a significant impact in Jordan during May and in Tunisia during March. Also, “new Coronavirus deaths” shows a significant effect in Morocco during May.
Biochemical Characterization and Nutritional Profile of Jam and Syrup from Saba senegalensis fruit in Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Diabagate Hadja M. F. , Traore Souleymane , Soro Doudjo , Cisse Mohamed , Brou Kouakou
Published: November 2020

Saba senegalensis is a plant to the family of Apocynaceae and its fruit called Saba is mainly used as food. For better valorisation, this study aimed to evaluate the nutritional potential of jam and syrup derived of this fruit. The study was carried out on the fruit of Saba senegalensis harvested in the north of Côte d'Ivoire. After jam and syrup formulation, pH, dry matter, ash, macronutrients, vitamins, minerals, phytonutrients, anti-nutritionals factors and nutritional profile have been determined. The results showed that jam and syrup of Saba were acidic with respective pH of 3.11 ± 0.01 and 3.65 ± 0.05. They contented higher in carbohydrates with respective rates of 56.53 ± 0.24 % and 66.27 ± 1.08 %. Vitamin C rate in jam and syrup was respectively about 20.01 ± 0.01 mg/100 g and 18.33 ± 2.22 mg/100 g. The most important mineral was potassium which rate is 136.71 ± 4.08 mg/100 g and 241.76 ± 5.9 mg/100 g in jam and syrup respectively. They also contain phytonutrients such as polyphenols (respectively 103.18 ± 0.69 mg/100 g and 3.29 ± 0.02 mg/100 g) and antinutritional factors such as oxalates (respectively 102.01 ± 6.93 mg/100 g and 19.96 ± 0.01 mg/100 g). Nutritional profile has classified Saba Senegalensis jam and syrup to the group 4 of foods, foods that must be eaten occasionally. The transformation of Saba in jam and syrup could be a good way to valorise this fruit and also ensuring its consumption through the year.
Crimes of Sexual Violence within International Criminal Law: A Historical Outline
Authors: Das Miranda , Singh Sukhdev
Published: November 2020

This article will provide a synoptic historical outline of international criminal law (ICL) from a gender perspective. An effort is made to highlight the landmark stages in the evolution of the ICL, particularly in its treatment of rape and other sexual crimes perpetrated against women during armed conflict. For this purpose, a critical examination of Nuremberg and Tokyo tribunals, criminal tribunals for Yugoslavia and Rwanda as well as Special Court for Sierra Leone, and the International Criminal Court is attempted. Endeavour is to outline the gender and sexual crimes jurisprudence developed by the above mentioned international criminal tribunals as well as courts, and then to examine its effectiveness in prosecuting crimes of rape and sexual violence carried out against women. An analysis of what might have gone wrong within the ICL in dealing with rape and crimes of sexual nature is also attempted.
The Liability of the Custodian If the Victim is Proven to Have Contributed to the Damage
Authors: Al-Taany Mohammed Ali Al-Taany
Published: November 2020

Aims: This study aims to address the custodian liability for losses caused by an object under his control, especially for the damages occurred by mechanical machines, and showing the effect of split liability on the custodian’s liability especially in cases of paying compensation to the victim. On the other hand, this study discusses the custodian liability under the Jordanian law and some of the Arab laws.

Materials and methods: Following identification of the study objectives, the researcher compared the legal frames in Jordan and other surrounding countries. The researcher was able to formulate the present study.

Study findings: The legal text in Article (261) of the Jordanian Civil Code exempts the custodian in its main text from paying compensation under some conditions such as natural disaster, unavoidable accident, force majeure, an act of a third party, or act of the person suffering loss, while at the same time the Article ended with the phrase “unless otherwise stipulated by law or agreement.” Which I think is unnecessary here and shall be omitted. The Jordanian legislation also neglected to clarify the types of fault that may be caused by the victim especially, if it is proved that the victim has contributed to causing the damage, the fault of the custodian, in this case, can be rebutted.

Conclusion: The Jordanian legislator did not comprehensively specify the types of the victim’s fault, while the Lebanese legislator has clarified those types. Explicitly, there is no need for the part of Article (261) of the Jordanian Civil Law which says that "otherwise or agreement" because the text is clear and fulfills its intended purpose.
Kroniek jeugdstraf(proces)recht: the good, the bad & the ugly
Authors: Jeltes M. (Marije)
Published: November 2020

Kroniek jeugd(straf)procesrecht: the good, the bad & the ugly

In deze bijdrage worden de belangrijkste ontwikkelingen vanaf juni 2019 met betrekking tot het jeugdstraf(proces)recht uit de doeken gedaan. Zo worden de wijziging van het Wetboek van Strafvordering na implementatie van Richtlijn 2016/800/EU en de Wet USB besproken. Daarnaast zal inzicht worden gegeven in beleid over onder meer DNA-afname, verblijf in politiecellen en de reprimande. Ook een nieuw General Comment van het VN-Kinderrechtencomité en een mondiaal onderzoek naar vrijheidsbeneming komen aan de orde. Vervolgens worden wetsvoorstellen besproken, gevolgd door een korte reflectie op deze ontwikkelingen in het licht van het Internationale Verdrag inzake de Rechten van het Kind.
Italiaanse toestanden
Authors: Peters L.J.J. (Laura)
Published: November 2020

Italiaanse toestanden

In Italië kunnen faciliterende beroepsbeoefenaars als louche notarissen, advocaten en rechters, en ook andere facilitators die een maffiaorganisatie ondersteunen zonder daarvan lid te zijn, worden vervolgd wegens ‘externe deelneming aan een criminele maffiaorganisatie’. Die strafrechtelijke aansprakelijkheid is controversieel en leidt al decennialang tot debatten in de rechtspraak en literatuur. Deze bijdrage bespreekt de ontwikkeling van de Italiaanse strafrechtelijke aansprakelijkheid wegens externe en ook interne deelneming aan een maffiaorganisatie, en vervolgens de vraag of facilitators van criminele organisaties naar Nederlands recht vervolgd (zouden kunnen) worden wegens algemene deelneming aan deelneming aan een criminele organisatie.
Over het oogmerkbestanddeel in artikel 285b Sr, dwang en heimelijke belaging
Authors: van der Velde A.B. (Anne-Berthe)
Published: November 2020

Over het oogmerkbestanddeel in artikel 285b Sr, dwang en heimelijke belaging

Voor belaging ex artikel 285b Sr is vereist dat de belager ten tijde van de delictsgedraging beschikte over het oogmerk ‘die ander te dwingen iets te doen, niet te doen of te dulden, dan wel vrees aan te jagen’. In deze bijdrage wordt de relatie tussen dit oogmerkbestanddeel en het begrip ‘dwingen’ onderzocht. Hieruit kan worden geconcludeerd dat de door de indieners van het wetsvoorstel beoogde werking van het bestanddeel niet tot uitdrukking is gekomen in de rechtspraak. Daarnaast wordt aandacht besteed aan de gevolgen voor (de toegevoegde waarde van) het oogmerkbestanddeel, van het oordeel van de Hoge Raad dat ook stiekem verrichte gedragingen als belaging kunnen worden aangemerkt.
Schadelijk in de zin van artikel 174 Sr, maar niet opzettelijk
Authors: Dallau L.
Published: November 2020

Schadelijk in de zin van artikel 174 Sr, maar niet opzettelijk – Noot bij ECLI:NL:RBROT:2020:7093

In een uitspraak van de rechtbank Rotterdam is de verdachte een groothandel in noten die partijen met aflatoxine verhandeld heeft. Aflatoxine vormt een gevaar voor de gezondheid als bedoeld in artikel 174 Sr. Er volgt echter een vrijspraak op grond van twee contra-indicaties voor opzet. In deze annotatie zal uiteen worden gezet waarom de rechtbank opzet niet heeft aangenomen en daarmee voorbij is gegaan aan jurisprudentie ten aanzien van opzet op het bestanddeel ‘wetende dat’ uit artikel 174 Sr en mee had moeten wegen dat de verdachte een professional is die bekend had moeten zijn met de risico’s van aflatoxine.
Rail vehicle model motion analysis on curved track with vertical irregularity
Authors: Dusza Mirosław
Published: November 2020

The properties of a classic railway track largely depend on the properties of the sub-grade, which is most often a natural creation. Atmospheric phenomena (e.g. temperature changes, heavy rainfall) can locally reduce the elasticity of the subgrade and create conditions conducive to permanent track deformation. One of the most common forms of a track fragment destruction is the loss of foundation support (one or several neighbouring sleepers) resulting from the indentation of the ballast material in the subgrade. The pressure of a vehicle passing through a damaged section of the track causes the so-called dynamic track irregularity. The impact of dynamic track vertical irregularity on the values of wheel-rail contact forces of a passing vehicle was investigated. The model of the passenger wagon-track system was created using the VI-Rail tool. The vehicle motion on curves with different values of track radius and superelevations was investigated. Vertical track irregularities occur on the internal rail only. The lengths of the track irregularity correspond to one, two or three sleepers unsupported on one side. The test results are presented in the form of diagrams and referred to applicable standards and regulations.
Recursos Educacionais Abertos: Uma Análise dos Objetivos de Aprendizagem Referenciados pela Taxonomia Digital de Bloom
Authors: Ortiz José Oxlei de Souza , Kwecko Viviani , Tolêdo Fernando , Devincenzi Sam , Botelho Silvia Silva da Costa
Published: November 2020

Este artigo apresenta uma análise dos metadados educacionais relacionados aos objetivos de aprendizagem empregados nos Objetos Educacionais e em atividades dos professores no PhET Colorado. Temos como questionamento principal, como os professores têm se apropriado dos objetos educacionais disponíveis no PhET para a construção de atividades. Para tanto, a pesquisa se apoia nos princípios cognitivos da taxonomia digital de Bloom e suas adaptações para classificar os objetivos de aprendizagem. Como resultado verificamos que os professores aplicam de modo mais diversificado os objetivos de aprendizagem na construção de suas atividades, e exploram de modo mais harmônico os seis níveis da taxonomia.
Articulando estudos nas áreas de Design da Aprendizagem, Design Thinking e Canvas, para a proposição de currículos baseados em competências
Authors: Santos Gabrielle , Bassani Patrícia B. Scherer
Published: November 2020

Este artigo busca contribuir e ampliar o escopo de pesquisas na área de Design da Aprendizagem, apresentando uma proposta metodológica para orientar a concepção de cursos de graduação, com base na aprendizagem por competências, articulando estudos da área Design Thinking e buscando inspiração na perspectiva visual proposta pelo Business Model Canvas. A metodologia, de natureza aplicada e de abordagem qualitativa, foi conduzida por meio da Design Science Research. Como resultado, apresentamos uma metodologia organizada em três etapas: Reflexiva/imersiva (jogo de ideias); Ideação do planejamento; Prototipação. O processo de validação foi conduzido no contexto do ensino superior.
Tecnologias Digitais e Geometria Espacial: contribuições de uma formação de professores na perspectiva do ensino remoto
Authors: Souza Danilo Do Carmo de , Lira Arianny De Sousa , Barbosa Francisco Ellivelton , Castro Juscileide Braga de
Published: November 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar as contribuições de uma formação remota sobre o ensino de Geometria Espacial a partir da utilização de diferentes ferramentas tecnológicas. A formação foi realizada com 15 professores de Matemática, com encontros virtuais, estruturados em 5 encontros síncronos e atividades assíncronas. A pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa utilizou como instrumentos: encontros videogravados, atividades desenvolvidas com o GeoGebra e protocolos do Whatsapp. Os resultados obtidos por meio da análise de conteúdo, indicam contribuições relacionadas com a apropriação e aprofundamento tecnológico; o desenvolvimento profissional e a formação de rede de colaboração.
Uma Análise Qualitativa sobre Atividades Remotas em Disciplinas no Período de Isolamento Social
Authors: Santos Clemilson Costa dos , Paillard Gabriel , Moreira Leonardo Oliveira , Silva Filho Francisco Romes Da , Coutinho Emanuel F.
Published: November 2020

Com a pandemia do Coronavirus, diversas consequências surgiram para o ensino de maneira geral. Devido a ações de distanciamento social e de prevenção, o acesso presencial a salas de aula, laboratórios e secretarias ficou prejudicado, motivando a continuidade das atividades acadêmicas de maneira remota. Para isso, infraestrutura e atividades tiveram que ser adequadas. O objetivo deste trabalho é realizar uma análise qualitativa com Grounded Theory sobre a aplicação de atividades remotas em disciplinas no período de isolamento social. Para seu atendimento, um questionário foi aplicado a docentes que estavam lecionando disciplinas na modalidade remota. Como resultados, tem-se que infraestrutura adequada é essencial para que a comunicação possa fluir bem, e a inclusão digital dos alunos é uma preocupação.
POTENCIALIZA 3D: jogo para o ensino de atividades matemáticas básicas a discentes com Deficiência Intelectual
Authors: Silva Francisco Da Conceição , Oliveira Fernando Pereira , Soares Elisiane Monteiro , Pereira Thiago Mourão , Sodre Emerson Elias , Borges Gabriel Santos , Santos Jesiel Bastos , Ferreira Erika Patrícia
Published: November 2020

Este trabalho apresenta o jogo Potencializa 3D, desenvolvido à luz da teoria histórico-cultural – thc (VYGOTSKY, 1984), cuja finalidade é servir como instrumento pedagógico ao professor no ensino de conceitos matemáticos básicos a discentes com Deficiência Intelectual (DI). O Potencializa 3D propõe trabalhar relações estabelecidas por meio de formas geométricas básicas, para melhor desenvolver a coordenação motora, percepção e noções de lateralidade. Suas atividades foram desenvolvidas com base nas categorias de mediação, zonas de desenvolvimento e atividade, da thc. O trabalho surge da necessidade de proporcionar aos discentes com DI da cidade de Viana-MA acessibilidade a recursos tecnológicos no cotidiano escolar, de forma pedagógica.
Metodologia para aplicação de técnicas de Gamificação e Planta Virtual no curso de Automação
Authors: Amorim Marcos Vinícius de , Pellini Eduardo Lorenzetti
Published: November 2020

A automação está presente em diversos processos industriais, controlando variáveis ​​e executando tarefas sequenciais, com a finalidade de obter um processo otimizado e padronizado. Portanto, para os alunos dessa área, a parte prática é muito importante, porém necessita-se um alto valor financeiro para as instituições manterem os laboratórios didáticos. Logo, é apresentado nesse trabalho uma Planta Virtual de uma Fábrica de Vernizes, onde os alunos podem aplicar as técnicas estudadas na teoria. Além disso, para melhorar a motivação e o engajamento dos alunos, utilizaram-se técnicas de Gamificação nos roteiros experimentais, na plataforma Moodle e na Planta Virtual elaborada nesse trabalho.
Professora Vitória: um Chatbot para o ensino da Leitura
Authors: Bulhões Daniel Brito , Assis Luciana Pereira , Bodolay Adriana Nascimento , Andrade Alessandro Vivas , Pitangui Cristiano Grijó
Published: November 2020

Chatbot é um agente de conversação digital que tem a capacidade de simular um diálogo com uma pessoa em linguagem natural. Essa capacidade o torna ideal para a aplicação da Leitura Protocolada, que consiste na realização de perguntas sobre um texto para avaliar a compreensão do que foi lido e estimular o leitor a produzir inferências e fazer previsões sobre o que poderá vir em seguida. A proposta deste artigo é mostrar a implementação de um chatbot que aplique a técnica da Leitura Protocolada em um texto sem a presença de um professor. Considerando que os chatbots estão presentes nas mais diversas áreas, a pesquisa poderá contribuir na discussão do uso chatbots aplicados à educação, especialmente no estímulo à leitura, como ferramenta de apoio pedagógico.
Concepção de Jogos Educativos para Crianças Surdas Baseados na Educação Infantil Bilíngue: Um estudo de caso de avaliação da metodologia CAJEDUS
Authors: Galvão Ludmilla Fernandes Oliveira , García Laura Sánchez , Felipe Tanya Amara
Published: November 2020

A comunidade Surda necessita, desde a infância, de ferramentas computacionais para o apoio à Educação Bilíngue, com a Libras como língua preferencial e o Português escrito como segunda língua. Uma forma de auxiliar os processos de ensino e aprendizagem é a utilização de jogos educativos, que muitas vezes não são acessíveis e desconsideram os objetivos de aprendizagem da Educação Bilíngue. Neste contexto, foi criada a metodologia CAJEDUS (CriAção de Jogos para a EDUcação de crianças Surdas) para apoiar o processo de concepção de jogos educativos para crianças Surdas de 4 e 5 anos com base nos objetivos da Educação Bilíngue. Foi conduzido um estudo de caso com desenvolvedores e seus resultados foram utilizados para aperfeiçoar a metodologia.
Towards Automatic Flow Experience Identification in Educational Systems: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Oliveira Wilk , Toda Armando M. , Palomino Paula T. , Rodrigues Luiz , Shi Lei , Isotani Seiji
Published: November 2020

One of the main challenges in the field of learning technologies is the automatic students' flow experience identification in educational systems. This challenge occurs because the flow experience identification is usually conducted by using invasive techniques (e.g., eye trackers or electroencephalograms) or approaches that are not able to handle a large number of students at the same time (e.g., questionnaires/scales or interviews). Despite recent studies proposed to analyze students' flow experience based on user data logs, most of these studies are theoretical without data-based analysis. To move towards the automatic flow experience identification in educational systems, we conducted a qualitative study to analyze possible relations between the students' interaction data logs, behavior, and flow experience in an educational system. The results show that some data logs are related to the students' flow experience. Our results provide insights into the relations amongst the data logs, the flow experience, and students' behavior, which could be beneficial to the development of an approach for automatic identification of the flow experience in educational systems.
Apropriação Tecnológica e Design Centrado no Aluno no Contexto de Ambientes Virtuais de Aprendizagem: aprofundando o tema pela perspectiva dos professores
Authors: Cardoso Márcia Coelho , Silveira Milene Selbach
Published: November 2020

The search for improvements in the quality of education leads to interest in technological tools that support the teaching and learning activities in a student-centered design approach. The goal of this study is to explore AVAs activities and resources focusing on how they can improve technological appropriation and student-centered design. The subject is explored starting from studies on the literature, AVAs analysis, and teachers' researches highlighting the relationships between the semiotic affordance levels and technological appropriation ones as well as insights about the gap that exists between what is projected for an AVA and how it is really used.
Uma Análise dos Recursos Tecnológicos Utilizados na Estimulação da Aprendizagem Autorregulada em Ambientes Educacionais na Última Década
Authors: Lima Geycy , Araújo Rafael D. , Dorça Fabiano
Published: November 2020

Os Ambientes Virtuais de Aprendizagem têm se tornado cada vez mais inteligentes e providos de recursos individualizados para propiciar um processo de aprendizagem mais engajador e efetivo. Em especial, tecnologias que, além de oferecer suporte, também fomente e estimule a aprendizagem autorregulada são desejáveis, já que esta competência traz inúmeros benefícios. Dessa forma, este trabalho apresenta uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura que busca traçar um panorama de tais tecnologias, considerando trabalhos publicadas entre 2011 e 2020. Os resultados mostraram que técnicas de visualização da informação, recursos de aprendizagem interativos, recomendação de conteúdo e estratégias de feedback são utilizadas em todas as fases do processo de autorregulação, principalmente no ensino superior.
Uso de Mesa Tangível na Educação Inclusiva
Authors: Preuss Evandro , Vieira Martha Barcellos , Coutinho Katia Soares , Henriques Renato Ventura Bayan , Baldassarri Sandra
Published: November 2020

Mesas tangíveis podem ser utilizadas para fins educacionais com consideráveis vantagens, especialmente quando envolve crianças com deficiência intelectual ou autismo. Os principais problemas para sua utilização no ambiente educacional são a falta de equipamentos e softwares e a dificuldade de criação de recursos tangíveis, principalmente por professores que não dominam a lógica da programação. Este trabalho apresenta uma proposta de uso de mesa tangível de baixo custo na educação inclusiva, envolvendo uma especificação para construção da mesa tangível, um software para criação das atividades pelos próprios professores e os aspectos relacionados à formação de professores para a utilização desta tecnologia.
Wege aus der Wirtschaftskrise: Der Spagat zwischen Wachstumsstabilisierung und sozial-ökologischer Transformation
Authors: Dullien Sebastian , Tober Silke , Truger Achim
Published: November 2020

Der Beitrag analysiert das im Juni 2020 von der deutschen Bundesregierung vorgestellte Paket zur Bekämpfung der wirtschaftlichen Folgen der Corona-Pandemie hinsichtlich der Frage, inwieweit die beschlossenen Maßnahmen in der Lage sind, einerseits die Konjunktur zu stützen, anderseits die sozial-ökologische Transformation der deutschen Wirtschaft voranzutreiben. Es zeigt sich, dass die Maßnahmen zur Wachstumsstützung aufgrund ihres starken Fokus auf eine vorübergehend niedrigere Umsatzsteuer nicht optimal sind. Mit anderen Instrumenten, wie einer Ausweitung von Transfers, hätten größere konsumstimulierende Impulse gesetzt werden können. Auch leisten die Zukunftsausgaben aufgrund ihres relativ geringen Volumens nur einen begrenzten Beitrag zur Klimawende. Dennoch dürfte das Paket in der Summe zu einem relevanten Konjunkturimpuls führen und zugleich wichtige Signale zur sozial-ökologischen Transformation setzen.
Wer regiert in der Krise? Demokratie in Zeiten der Pandemie
Authors: Merkel Wolfgang
Published: November 2020

Die erste Pandemie, die die Bundesrepublik Deutschland erlebte, stellte die Demokratie vor eine Bewährungsprobe. Es standen keine Erfahrungen, Routinen und nicht einmal klare Normen bereit, die die politischen Eliten und Institutionen leiten konnten. Wie gut kam die Demokratie durch die Krise? Die Bilanz ist gemischt. Die Exekutiven funktionierten gut. Beherzt nahmen sie die Herausforderung an. Allerdings wurden unter dem impliziten Ausnahmezustand Grundrechte außer Kraft gesetzt. Dafür wurden die Infektions- und Mortalitätsraten vergleichsweise niedrig gehalten. Dies alles unter Bezug auf das einfache Gesetz zum Infektionsschutz. Normentheoretisch ist das eine papierdünne Legitimation. Das Parlament stritt nicht um die besten Lösungen, eine kontroverse Debatte blieb aus. Es fügte sich den Wünschen der Exekutive. Souverän ist, wer über den Ausnahmezustand verfügt. Faktisch war das die Exekutive. Der Souverän dritter Ordnung übertrumpfte das Parlament. Opposition fand nicht statt. Der Demos folgte. Ob aus rationaler Einsicht in das Vernünftige oder einem unkritischen Untertanengeist, der sich in der großen Krise unter die Obhut einer starken Führung begibt? In der Covid-Krise könnte an einem Skript für zukünftige Krisenpolitik geschrieben worden sein. Ist dies der Fall, würden grundlegende Prinzipien der Demokratie geschleift.
Covid-19 als Weckruf? Plädoyer für eine neue Politik öffentlicher Güter
Authors: Vogel Berthold
Published: November 2020

Die Pandemie zeigt: Die Zukunft demokratischer Gemeinwesen hängt von der Investitionsbereitschaft in öffentliche Güter ab. Der Beitrag plädiert für Strategien, die den öffentlichen Sektor und die dort Tätigen stärken. Diese Investitionen müssen von den lokalen Verhältnissen her denken und von der Notwendigkeit neuer regionaler Infrastrukturen des Zusammenhalts. Wer auf diese öffentlichen Güter setzt, der vertraut zunächst auf die Solidität unserer Institutionen – mehr als auf eine vorgängige Solidarität aller Bürgerinnen und Bürger. Beides ist nicht voneinander zu trennen, wie die anhaltende und stetige Diskussion um das Verhältnis von Staat und Zivilgesellschaft verdeutlicht. Aber eine Politik der öffentlichen Güter setzt darauf, dass die Tragfähigkeit der Institutionen politisch gestaltbar und demokratisch wie rechtsstaatlich zu gewährleisten ist – jedenfalls besser als die Organisation von Moralgemeinschaften oder die Hoffnung, dass uns die Krise zu besseren Menschen macht. Covid-19 als Weckruf? Das ist kein Appell an höhere Einsichten, sondern der praktische Aufruf, bestehende und weiter auszubauende Ressourcen unserer Gesellschaft zu nutzen und zu stärken.