bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Typology and Success Factors of Collaboration for Sustainable Growth in the IT Service Industry
Authors: Yoon Changbyung , Lee Keeeun , Yoon Byungun , Toulan Omar
Published: November 2017

Recently, innovative changes in information technology (IT) trends, such as cloud computing and deep learning, have led IT companies to focus on collaboration for sustainable growth. This paper investigates collaboration strategies and success factors for IT service companies via a survey-based empirical study of Korean leading IT firms. Four types of collaboration were identified by considering the types of customer relationship and the target market: offshore, joint venture, collaboration with small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and partnership with major local firms. Then, based on a Plan-Do-See management activity process, this paper considers success factors in the planning process and collaboration process, and analyzes an impact of these factors on collaboration performance such as financial performance, process innovation, improving competitiveness, and technology acquisition. As a result, the success factors differ according to the types of performance measures as well as the collaboration types. In particular, the characteristics of partners positively influence competitiveness in captive and global markets, while they improve process innovation in open and domestic markets. This study attempts to provide insight for companies in the IT service industry about how collaboration activities could enhance performance, depending on the alliance types.
Transformation Strategies for the Operation and Management of Local Cultural Museums in Nantou County
Authors: Hsu Kuo-Wei , Chao Jen-Chih
Published: November 2017

Affected by economic recession, reductions in government subsidies, and changes in visitors’ needs and contributions, museums in Taiwan have begun to strengthen their recreational and economic functions. Nantou, which has 13 museums that showcase local cultural industries, is the county most obviously affected by declining tourist numbers and reduced cultural consumption and cultural tourism. Through surveys and interviews, this study examines the current conditions of operational management of these venues and proposes feasible strategies for their future development. Specifically, it reveals that the operation and management of Nantou’s local cultural museums are negatively impacted by the lack of (1) relevant management experience, (2) inter-museum coordination and integration, and (3) financing mechanisms. The recommended development strategies include the establishment of cross-disciplinary value-added platforms.
Can Livestock Farming and Tourism Coexist in Mountain Regions? A New Business Model for Sustainability
Authors: Genovese Dino , Culasso Francesca , Giacosa Elisa , Battaglini Luca Maria
Published: November 2017

European Mediterranean mountain regions have been characterized by a sort of competition between the tourism sector and the agro-silvo-pastoral system, which in recent years has contributed to generate a continuous decline of the second one. Nevertheless, Pasture-based Livestock Farming Systems (PLSFS) are relevant for their role in the management and conservation of large High Nature Value (HNV) farmlands in Europe. The goal of our research is therefore to analyze what are the main features of farming organizations in the Italian alpine mountains and how they may be combined into inovative and sustainable business models (BM), characterized by the coexistence of agro-silvo-pastoral and touristic activities. By drawing upon the BM definition suggested by the Bocken’s et al. (2014), an exploratory case study has been analyzed; in particular, we propose the case study of the Lanzo Valleys, an alpine mountain region in the northwest of Italy, and the Toma di Lanzo Producers Association. The way a concrete and sustainable innovation in the more traditional BM could be supported only by the proactive intervention of a supra-farm dimension, while maintaining the peculiarities of the individual farms, is clearly shown in the article. A system of firms and institutions linked together in a collaborative relationship may represent a strong network, able to achieve the common goal of producing a sustainable development for the territory. Indeed, environment and cultural heritage may be preserved, as well as the economic perspective of farms reinforced, while the PLSFS could become more attractive for the tourism phenomenon. Interesting implications for farmers, policy makers and local institutions are identified.
Is Earnings Management in the South Korean Defense Industry Sustainable?
Authors: Lim Kyoungkook , Nam Giseok
Published: November 2017

Recently, the defense industry in South Korea has been regarded with strong suspicion since a company responsible for producing parts for the aviation sector is being investigated for cost irregularities. Many people are concerned about these issues and the government is distrustful of defense industries. If the current situation continues, the defense industry market in South Korea (henceforth “South Korea”) will be hard to maintain. The South Korean government will have to rely on importing from abroad instead of buying products in the local market. This study looked at the sustainability of earnings management adopted in the defense industry of South Korea, exploring options for the government to maintain the scheme’s soundness. In particular, we used Kothari’s discretionary accrual as a proxy of earnings management and OLS method to analyze the relationship between them. The results are as follows. Firstly the firms with a high percentage of defense sales showed significant discretionary accruals; the higher the profit, the more likely it was that earnings adjustments were made; secondly, firms that had been certified by the government for defense cost-management were proven to be effective, because the earnings management activities were low compared to those of firms that did not have the defense cost-management certification; lastly, based on the accounting rules for the cost of defense products, it was found that significant results confirming defense firms were exercising their influence, through earnings management, on the improvement of the government system.
Study on an Airport Gate Reassignment Method and Its Application
Authors: Deng Wu , Li Bo , Zhao Huimin
Published: November 2017

Bad weather, mechanical failures, air control, and crew members of the discomfort health are very likely to cause flight delays. If these events occur, decision-makers of airport operation must rediscover the flight schedules through reassigning gates to these flights, delaying flights, and canceling flights. Therefore, it is important to study the recovery strategy with the feasibility and the least cost for delayed flights and to improve the airport operation efficiency. In this paper, a mathematical model of gate reassignment based on the objectives of the loss of passengers, airport operating, and airlines, and the most important index of disturbance value of the gate reassignment for delayed flights is constructed. Then, the genetic algorithm (GA) and ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm are combined in order to propose a two-stage hybrid(GAOTWSH) algorithm, which is used to solve the constructed mathematical model of gate reassignment for delayed flights. The test data from the operations of the one airport is used to simulate and demonstrate the performance of the constructed mathematical model of gate reassignment for irregular flights. The results show that the proposed GAOTWSH algorithm has better optimization performance and the constructed gate reassignment model is feasible and effective. The study provides a new idea and method for irregular flights.
Correlation Coefficients of Probabilistic Hesitant Fuzzy Elements and Their Applications to Evaluation of the Alternatives
Authors: Wang Zhong-xing , Li Jian
Published: November 2017

Correlation coefficient is one of the broadly use indexes in multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) processes. However, some important issues related to correlation coefficient utilization within probabilistic hesitant fuzzy environments remain to be addressed. The purpose of this study is introduced a MCDM method based on correlation coefficients utilize probabilistic hesitant fuzzy information. First, the covariance and correlation coefficient between two PHFEs is introduced, the properties of the proposed covariance and correlation coefficient are discussed. In addition, the northwest corner rule to obtain the expected mean related to the multiply of two PHFEs is introduced. Second, the weighted correlation coefficient is proposed to make the proposed MCDM method more applicable. And the properties of the proposed weighted correlation coefficient are also discussed. Finally, an illustrative example is demonstrated the practicality and effectiveness of the proposed method. An illustrative example is presented to demonstrate the correlation coefficient propose in this paper lies in the interval [−1, 1], which not only consider the strength of relationship between the PHFEs but also whether the PHFEs are positively or negatively related. The advantage of this method is it can avoid the inconsistency of the decision-making result due to the loss of information.
Image Recovery of an Infrared Sub-Imaging System Based on Compressed Sensing
Authors: Jiang Yilin , Tong Qi , Wang Haiyan , Yang Zhigang , Ji Qingbo
Published: November 2017

An infrared (IR) sub-imaging system is composed of an optical scanning device and a single IR detector, which provides the target location information to the servo system. Currently, further improvement of positioning accuracy and imaging quality in the traditional rosette scanning guidance mode is experiencing a bottleneck. The emergence of the compressed sensing (CS) technique provides a new solution for this problem as it can recover a high-resolution IR image including richer information with fewer sampling points. In this paper, the complementarity of the CS framework and IR rosette sub-imaging system was analyzed. A new method to improve the resolution of reconstructed IR images, multi-frame joint compressive imaging (MJCI), was proposed. The simulation results revealed the potential of the CS technique when applied to the IR sub-imaging system and demonstrated that the proposed method performed well for reconstruction.
Chemodenervation of the Larynx
Authors: Kaye Rachel , Blitzer Andrew
Published: November 2017

Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) has existed for thousands of years; however, it was not medically utilized until investigations into its therapeutic use began in sincerity during the late 1970s and 1980s. This, coupled with the reclassification of spasmodic dysphonia as a focal dystonia, led to the use of chemodenervation for this disorder, which has since become a refined technique. Indeed, due to its safety and efficacy, BoNT has been investigated in multiple neurolaryngology disorders, including spasmodic dysphonia, vocal tremor, and muscle tension dysphonia. BoNT has been shown to be a useful and safe adjunct in the treatment for these disorders and may reduce or eliminate oral pharmacotherapy and/or prevent the need for a surgical intervention. We present the historical background, development, proposed mechanisms of action, uses, and techniques for administering BoNT for laryngeal disorders, with a particular focus on spasmodic dysphonia.
Impact of the Respiratory Microbiome on Host Responses to Respiratory Viral Infection
Authors: Pichon Maxime , Lina Bruno , Josset Laurence
Published: November 2017

Viruses are responsible for most of both upper and lower acute respiratory infections (ARIs). The microbiome—the ecological community of microorganisms sharing the body space, which has gained considerable interest over the last decade—is modified in health and disease states. Even if most of these disturbances have been previously described in relation to chronic disorders of the gastrointestinal microbiome, after a short reminder of microbiome characteristics and methods of characterization, this review will describe the impact of the microbiome (mainly respiratory) on host responses to viral ARIs. The microbiome has a direct environmental impact on the host cells but also an indirect impact on the immune system, by enhancing innate or adaptive immune responses. In microbial infections, especially in viral infections, these dramatic modifications could lead to a dramatic impact responsible for severe clinical outcomes. Studies focusing on the microbiome associated with transcriptomic analyses of the host response and deep characterization of the pathogen would lead to a better understanding of viral pathogenesis and open avenues for biomarker development and innovative therapeutics.
A Hybrid Water Distribution Networks Design Optimization Method Based on a Search Space Reduction Approach and a Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Reca Juan , Martínez Juan , López Rafael
Published: November 2017

This work presents a new approach to increase the efficiency of the heuristics methods applied to the optimal design of water distribution systems. The approach is based on reducing the search space by bounding the diameters that can be used for every network pipe. To reduce the search space, two opposite extreme flow distribution scenarios are analyzed and velocity restrictions to the pipe flow are then applied. The first scenario produces the most uniform flow distribution in the network. The opposite scenario is represented by the network with the maximum flow accumulation. Both extreme flow distributions are calculated by solving a quadratic programming problem, which is a very robust and efficient procedure. This approach has been coupled to a Genetic Algorithm (GA). The GA has an integer coding scheme and variable number of alleles depending on the number of diameters comprised within the velocity restrictions. The methodology has been applied to several benchmark networks and its performance has been compared to a classic GA formulation with a non-bounded search space. It considerably reduced the search space and provided a much faster and more accurate convergence than the GA formulation. This approach can also be coupled to other metaheuristics.
Modeling Regional Soil Water Balance in Farmland of the Middle Reaches of Heihe River Basin
Authors: Li Jiang , Mao Xiaomin , Shang Songhao , Steenhuis Tammo
Published: November 2017

Quantifying components of soil water balance in farmland of the middle reaches of Heihe River Basin is essential for efficiently scheduling and allocating limited water resources for irrigation in this arid region. A soil water balance model based on empirical assumptions in the vadose zone of farmland was developed and simulation results were compared/validated with results by the numerical model HYDRUS-1D. Results showed a good coherence between the simulated results of the water balance models and the HYDRUS-1D model in soil water storage, evapotranspiration, deep percolation and groundwater recharge, which indicated that the water balance model was suitable for simulating soil water movement in the study area. Considering the spatial distribution of cropping patterns, groundwater depth and agricultural management, ArcGIS was applied for the pre-/post-processing of the water balance model to quantify the spatial distribution of components of soil water balance in the major cropland in middle reaches of Heihe River Basin. Then, distributions of components of soil water balance in the major cropland under different water-saving irrigation practices during the growing season were predicted and discussed. Simulation results demonstrated that evapotranspiration of the main crops would be more prominently influenced by irrigation quota under deep groundwater depth than that under shallow groundwater depth. Groundwater recharge would increase with the increase of irrigation quota and decrease with the increase of groundwater depth. In general, when groundwater depth reached 3 m, groundwater recharge from root zone was negligible for spring wheat. While when it reached 6 m, groundwater recharge was negligible for maize. Water-saving irrigation practices would help to reduce groundwater recharge with a slight decrease of crop water consumption.
On the Direct Calculation of Snow Water Balances Using Snow Cover Information
Authors: Pistocchi Alberto , Bagli Stefano , Callegari Mattia , Notarnicola Claudia , Mazzoli Paolo
Published: November 2017

We present a novel method for the direct determination of the snowmelt coefficient of widely used degree-day models, using only cumulated temperature and precipitation over the days of snow cover. We develop a proof of concept using (1) local measurements of precipitation, temperature and snow water equivalent (SWE) at a set of well-monitored sites in the US, and (2) available time series of snow cover from satellite and gridded daily precipitation and daily average temperature for the study region of South Tyrol, in the Italian Alps. We demonstrate how the method can reproduce the snow water balance to an acceptable extent, critically depending on the accuracy of input precipitation and temperature, highlighting the importance of a reliable representation of weather forcing if the estimate has to be robust and representative. Although not always accurate at a point, our approach yields a SWE reasonably consistent with observations, and snowmelt flows compatible with measured streamflow. At the same time, the model allows an interpretation of discrepancies between observations and simulations to detect inconsistencies between snow cover and weather forcing. This method is in principle applicable for large-scale hydrological assessments thanks to the increasing global coverage of snow cover, precipitation and temperature data. As the only other type of observation available to calibrate models is often streamflow, the direct calibration of the snow component of a model using snow cover and weather forcing reduces the number of model processes and parameters to be calibrated with streamflow, and is expected to increase model robustness.
Evaluation of Sustainable Use of Water Resources in Beijing Based on Rough Set and Fuzzy Theory
Authors: Men Baohui , Liu Huanlong , Tian Wei , Liu Haoyue
Published: November 2017

Water resources are not only the essence of human life, but also an important prerequisite which ensures the economic and social development of a country or city. Due to chronically global overexploitation, water crises have started to emerge. China, for example, is experiencing acute water scarcity. Even its capital, Beijing, faces enormous challenges in the sustainable use of water resources. Combining the compound system of social, economic, and ecological environments with the current situation in Beijing, this study established an evaluation index system. To determine the weight, the rough set theory was adopted in the index layer, fuzzy theory was employed in the rule layer and set pair analysis method, and attribute recognition theory was used as evaluation methods. In order to verify the accuracy of the results, the weights of indices were taken into the evaluation methods mentioned above after being calculated by using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and entropy weight method, respectively. The matter-element model was used to evaluate the system and the Spearman correlation coefficient method aimed to compare all the results of the evaluation. The results indicated that water use efficiency and water management have been increasingly improved in Beijing on a yearly basis. Additionally, the results of the Spearman correlation coefficient method showed that the method of weight determination based on rough set and fuzzy theory is feasible in the evaluation of sustainable use of water resources.
Non-Metropolitan Drinking Water Suppliers’ Response to the Diagnostic Tool for Non-Technical Compliance in Limpopo, South Africa
Authors: Nefale Avhashoni Dorcas , Kamika Ilunga , Momba Maggie
Published: November 2017

Without the planning of non-technical issues, water treatment plants may face challenges in sustaining safe drinking water. Parameters such as the planning of financial resources, human resources, a lack of professional process controllers, poor working conditions, staff shortages and a lack of appropriate training of process controllers contribute to the underperformance of drinking water treatment plants. This study aimed at applying the Diagnostic Tool for Non-Technical Compliance to assess the compliance of small drinking water plants with management norms. Six water treatments (Vondo water scheme, Malamulele, Mutshedzi, Mutale regional water treatment plant, Tshedza and Tshedza package plant) were selected from the Vhembe district municipality of the Limpopo province in South Africa. From the abovementioned non-technical parameters, the results showed that during the first assessment period (August 2008 and June 2009) selected water treatment plants scored between 53% and 68% and fell under Class 2, indicating serious challenges requiring attention and improvement. During the second assessment period (November and December 2010), a slight improvement was observed as all plants scored between 72% and 80%, falling under the Class 2 category. Even after corrective actions and remeasurement, none of the plants met the compliance standards, which range from 90% to 100% to obtain the Class 1 compliance standard. The study recommended that tactical and strategic plans that clearly define the operational procedures, process controlling, financial planning, maintenance culture, emergency preparedness and regular monitoring and evaluation should be entrenched for the smooth running of the small water treatment plants. Furthermore, all water services providers and water services authorities should apply the diagnostic tools as developed, which provides guidance on a stepwise procedure on plant operations and management on a daily basis.
Endocrine Adiponectin‐FGF15/19 Axis in Ethanol-Induced Inflammation and Alcoholic Liver Injury
Authors: You Min , Zhou Zhou , Daniels Michael , Jogasuria Alvin
Published: November 2017

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is the most prevalent form of liver disease, encompassing a spectrum of progressive pathological changes from steatosis to steatohepatitis to fibrosis/cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Alcoholic steatosis/steatohepatitis is the initial stage of ALD
and a major risk factor for advanced liver injuries. Adiponectin is a hormone secreted from adipocytes. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 15 (human homolog, FGF19) is an ileum-derived hormone. Adipocyte-derived adiponectin and gut-derived FGF15/19 regulate each other, share common signaling cascades,
and exert similar beneficial functions. Emerging evidence has revealed that dysregulated adiponectin‐FGF15/19 axis and impaired hepatic adiponectin‐FGF15/19 signaling are associated with alcoholic liver damage in rodents and humans. More importantly, endocrine adiponectin‐FGF15/19
signaling confers protection against ethanol-induced liver damage via fine tuning the adipose‐intestine‐liver crosstalk, leading to limited hepatic inflammatory responses, and ameliorated alcoholic liver injury. This review is focused on the recently discovered endocrine adiponectin‐FGF15/19
axis that is emerging as an essential adipose‐gut‐liver coordinator involved in the development and progression of alcoholic steatohepatitis.
Toward a Galactic Distribution of Planets. I. Methodology and Planet Sensitivities of the 2015 High-cadence Spitzer Microlens Sample
Authors: Zhu 祝 Wei 伟 , Udalski A. , Novati S. Calchi , Chung S.-J. , Jung Y. K. , Ryu Y.-H. , Shin I.-G. , Gould A. , Lee C.-U. , Albrow M. D. , Yee J. C. , Han C. , Hwang K.-H. , Cha S.-M. , Kim D.-J. , Kim H.-W. , Kim S.-L. , Kim Y.-H. , Lee Y. , Park B.-G. , Pogge R. W. ,   (KMTNet Collaboration), Poleski R. , Mróz P. , Pietrukowicz P. , Skowron J. , Szymański M. K. , KozLowski S. , Ulaczyk K. , Pawlak M. ,   (OGLE Collaboration), Beichman C. , Bryden G. , Carey S. , Fausnaugh M. , Gaudi B. S. , Henderson C. B. , Shvartzvald Y. , Wibking B. ,   (Spitzer Team)
Published: November 2017

We analyze an ensemble of microlensing events from the 2015 Spitzer microlensing campaign, all of which were densely monitored by ground-based high-cadence survey teams. The simultaneous observations from Spitzer and the ground yield measurements of the microlensing parallax vector

, from which compact constraints on the microlens properties are derived, including ≲25% uncertainties on the lens mass and distance. With the current sample, we demonstrate that the majority of microlenses are indeed in the mass range of M dwarfs. The planet sensitivities of all 41 events in the sample are calculated, from which we provide constraints on the planet distribution function. In particular, assuming a planet distribution function that is uniform in

, where q is the planet-to-star mass ratio, we find a 95% upper limit on the fraction of stars that host typical microlensing planets of 49%, which is consistent with previous studies. Based on this planet-free sample, we develop the methodology to statistically study the Galactic distribution of planets using microlensing parallax measurements. Under the assumption that the planet distributions are the same in the bulge as in the disk, we predict that ∼1/3 of all planet detections from the microlensing campaigns with Spitzer should be in the bulge. This prediction will be tested with a much larger sample, and deviations from it can be used to constrain the abundance of planets in the bulge relative to the disk.
OGLE-2013-BLG-0132Lb and OGLE-2013-BLG-1721Lb: Two Saturn-mass Planets Discovered around M-dwarfs
Authors: Mróz Przemek , Udalski A. , Bond I. A. , Skowron J. , Sumi T. , Han C. , Szymański M. K. , Soszyński I. , Poleski R. , Pietrukowicz P. , Kozłowski S. , Wyrzykowski Ł. , Ulaczyk K. ,   (The OGLE Collaboration), Abe F. , Asakura Y. , Barry R. K. , Bennett D. P. , Bhattacharya A. , Donachie M. , Evans P. , Fukui A. , Hirao Y. , Itow Y. , Koshimoto N. , Li M. C. A. , Ling C. H. , Masuda K. , Matsubara Y. , Muraki Y. , Nagakane M. , Ohnishi K. , Ranc C. , Rattenbury N. J. , Saito To. , Sharan A. , Sullivan D. J. , Suzuki D. , Tristram P. J. , Yamada T. , Yamada T. , Yonehara A. ,   (The MOA Collaboration)
Published: November 2017

We present the discovery of two planetary systems consisting of a Saturn-mass planet orbiting an M-dwarf, which were detected in faint microlensing events OGLE-2013-BLG-0132 and OGLE-2013-BLG-1721. The planetary anomalies were covered with high cadence by Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) and Microlensing Observations in Astrophysics (MOA) photometric surveys. The light curve modeling indicates that the planet-to-host mass ratios are

and

, respectively. Both events were too short and too faint to measure a reliable parallax signal and hence the lens mass. We therefore used a Bayesian analysis to estimate the masses of both planets:

(OGLE-2013-BLG-0132Lb) and

(OGLE-2013-BLG-1721Lb). Thanks to a high relative proper motion, OGLE-2013-BLG-0132 is a promising candidate for the high-resolution imaging follow-up. Both planets belong to an increasing sample of sub-Jupiter-mass planets orbiting M-dwarfs beyond the snow line.
Orbital Modification of the Himalia Family during an Early Solar System Dynamical Instability
Authors: Li 李道 Daohai 海 , Christou Apostolos A.
Published: November 2017

Among the irregular satellites orbiting Jupiter, the Himalia family is characterized by a high velocity dispersion

of several hundred

among its members, inconsistent with a collisional origin. Efforts to account for this through internecine gravitational interactions do not readily reproduce this feature. Here, we revisit the problem in the context of recent cosmogonical models, where the giant planets migrated significantly through interaction with a planetesimal disk and suffered encounters with planetesimals and planet-sized objects. Our starting assumption is that family formation either predated this phase or occurred soon after its onset. We simulate numerically the diffusive effect of three distinct populations of perturbers on a set of test particles representing the family: Moon-sized (MPT) and Pluto-sized (PPT) planetesimals, and planetary-mass objects (PMO) with masses typical of ice-giant planets. We find that PPT flybys are inefficient, but encounters with MPTs raise the

of ∼60% of our test particles to

with respect to Himalia, in agreement with observations. As MPTs may not have been abundant in the disk, we simulate encounters between Jupiter and PMOs. We find that too few encounters generate less dispersion than MPTs while too many essentially destroy the family. For PMO masses in the range

, the family orbital distribution is reproduced by a few tens of encounters.
Obliquity and Eccentricity Constraints for Terrestrial Exoplanets
Authors: Kane Stephen R. , Torres Stephanie M.
Published: November 2017

Exoplanet discoveries over recent years have shown that terrestrial planets are exceptionally common. Many of these planets are in compact systems that result in complex orbital dynamics. A key step toward determining the surface conditions of these planets is understanding the latitudinally dependent flux incident at the top of the atmosphere as a function of orbital phase. The two main properties of a planet that influence the time-dependent nature of the flux are the obliquity and orbital eccentricity of the planet. We derive the criterion for which the flux variation due to obliquity is equivalent to the flux variation due to orbital eccentricity. This equivalence is computed for both the maximum and average flux scenarios, the latter of which includes the effects of the diurnal cycle. We apply these calculations to four known multi-planet systems (GJ 163, K2-3, Kepler-186, and Proxima Centauri), where we constrain the eccentricity of terrestrial planets using orbital dynamics considerations and model the effect of obliquity on incident flux. We discuss the implications of these simulations on climate models for terrestrial planets and outline detectable signatures of planetary obliquity.
pyLIMA: An Open-source Package for Microlensing Modeling. I. Presentation of the Software and Analysis of Single-lens Models
Authors: Bachelet E. , Norbury M. , Bozza V. , Street R.
Published: November 2017

Microlensing is a unique tool, capable of detecting the “cold” planets between ∼1 and 10 au from their host stars and even unbound “free-floating” planets. This regime has been poorly sampled to date owing to the limitations of alternative planet-finding methods, but a watershed in discoveries is anticipated in the near future thanks to the planned microlensing surveys of WFIRST-AFTA and Euclid's Extended Mission. Of the many challenges inherent in these missions, the modeling of microlensing events will be of primary importance, yet it is often time-consuming, complex, and perceived as a daunting barrier to participation in the field. The large scale of future survey data products will require thorough but efficient modeling software, but, unlike other areas of exoplanet research, microlensing currently lacks a publicly available, well-documented package to conduct this type of analysis. We present version 1.0 of the python Lightcurve Identification and Microlensing Analysis (pyLIMA). This software is written in Python and uses existing packages as much as possible to make it widely accessible. In this paper, we describe the overall architecture of the software and the core modules for modeling single-lens events. To verify the performance of this software, we use it to model both real data sets from events published in the literature and generated test data produced using pyLIMA's simulation module. The results demonstrate that pyLIMA is an efficient tool for microlensing modeling. We will expand pyLIMA to consider more complex phenomena in the following papers.
Triton's Evolution with a Primordial Neptunian Satellite System
Authors: Rufu Raluca , Canup Robin M.
Published: November 2017

The Neptunian satellite system is unusual. The major satellites of Jupiter, Saturn, and Uranus are all in prograde, low-inclination orbits. Neptune on the other hand, has the fewest satellites, and most of the system’s mass is within one irregular satellite, Triton. Triton was most likely captured by Neptune and destroyed the primordial regular satellite system. We investigate the interactions between a newly captured Triton and a prior Neptunian satellite system. We find that a prior satellite system with a mass ratio similar to the Uranian system or smaller has a substantial likelihood of reproducing the current Neptunian system, while a more massive system has a low probability of leading to the current configuration. Moreover, Triton’s interaction with a prior satellite system may offer a mechanism to decrease its high initial semimajor axis fast enough to preserve small irregular satellites (Nereid-like) that might otherwise be lost during a prolonged Triton circularization via tides alone.
CO Depletion: A Microscopic Perspective
Authors: Cazaux S. , Martín-Doménech R. , Chen Y. J. , Caro G. M. Muñoz , Díaz C. González
Published: November 2017

In regions where stars form, variations in density and temperature can cause gas to freeze out onto dust grains forming ice mantles, which influences the chemical composition of a cloud. The aim of this paper is to understand in detail the depletion (and desorption) of CO on (from) interstellar dust grains. Experimental simulations were performed under two different (astrophysically relevant) conditions. In parallel, Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations were used to mimic the experimental conditions. In our experiments, CO molecules accrete onto water ice at temperatures below 27 K, with a deposition rate that does not depend on the substrate temperature. During the warm-up phase, the desorption processes do exhibit subtle differences, indicating the presence of weakly bound CO molecules, therefore highlighting a low diffusion efficiency. IR measurements following the ice thickness during the TPD confirm that diffusion occurs at temperatures close to the desorption. Applied to astrophysical conditions, in a pre-stellar core, the binding energies of CO molecules, ranging between 300 and 850 K, depend on the conditions at which CO has been deposited. Because of this wide range of binding energies, the depletion of CO as a function of AV is much less important than initially thought. The weakly bound molecules, easily released into the gas phase through evaporation, change the balance between accretion and desorption, which result in a larger abundance of CO at high extinctions. In addition, weakly bound CO molecules are also more mobile, and this could increase the reactivity within interstellar ices.
WIRED for EC: New White Dwarfs with WISE Infrared Excesses and New Classification Schemes from the Edinburgh–Cape Blue Object Survey
Authors: Dennihy E. , Clemens J. C. , Debes John H. , Dunlap B. H. , Kilkenny D. , O’Brien P. C. , Fuchs J. T.
Published: November 2017

We present a simple method for identifying candidate white dwarf systems with dusty exoplanetary debris based on a single temperature blackbody model fit to the infrared excess. We apply this technique to a sample of Southern Hemisphere white dwarfs from the recently completed Edinburgh–Cape Blue Object Survey and identify four new promising dusty debris disk candidates. We demonstrate the efficacy of our selection method by recovering three of the four Spitzer confirmed dusty debris disk systems in our sample. Further investigation using archival high-resolution imaging shows that Spitzer data of the unrecovered fourth object is likely contaminated by a line-of-sight object that either led to a misclassification as a dusty disk in the literature or is confounding our method. Finally, in our diagnostic plot, we show that dusty white dwarfs, which also host gaseous debris, lie along a boundary of our dusty debris disk region, providing clues to the origin and evolution of these especially interesting systems.
Multidimensional Vlasov–Poisson Simulations with High-order Monotonicity- and Positivity-preserving Schemes
Authors: Tanaka Satoshi , Yoshikawa Kohji , Minoshima Takashi , Yoshida Naoki
Published: November 2017

We develop new numerical schemes for Vlasov–Poisson equations with high-order accuracy. Our methods are based on a spatially monotonicity-preserving (MP) scheme and are modified suitably so that the positivity of the distribution function is also preserved. We adopt an efficient semi-Lagrangian time integration scheme that is more accurate and computationally less expensive than the three-stage TVD Runge–Kutta integration. We apply our spatially fifth- and seventh-order schemes to a suite of simulations of collisionless self-gravitating systems and electrostatic plasma simulations, including linear and nonlinear Landau damping in one dimension and Vlasov–Poisson simulations in a six-dimensional phase space. The high-order schemes achieve a significantly improved accuracy in comparison with the third-order positive-flux-conserved scheme adopted in our previous study. With the semi-Lagrangian time integration, the computational cost of our high-order schemes does not significantly increase, but remains roughly the same as that of the third-order scheme. Vlasov–Poisson simulations on

mesh grids have been successfully performed on a massively parallel computer.
Plasmoid Instability in Evolving Current Sheets and Onset of Fast Reconnection
Authors: Huang Yi-Min , Comisso Luca , Bhattacharjee A.
Published: November 2017

The scaling of the plasmoid instability maximum linear growth rate with respect to the Lundquist number S in a Sweet–Parker current sheet,

, indicates that at high S, the current sheet will break apart before it approaches the Sweet–Parker width. Therefore, a proper description for the onset of the plasmoid instability must incorporate the evolving process of the current sheet. We carry out a series of two-dimensional simulations and develop diagnostics to separate fluctuations from an evolving background. It is found that the fluctuation amplitude starts to grow only when the linear growth rate is sufficiently high

to overcome advection loss and the stretching effect due to the outflow. The linear growth rate continues to rise until the sizes of plasmoids become comparable to the inner layer width of the tearing mode. At this point, the current sheet is disrupted and the instability enters the early nonlinear regime. The growth rate suddenly decreases, but the reconnection rate starts to rise rapidly, indicating that current sheet disruption triggers the onset of fast reconnection. We identify important timescales of the instability development, as well as scalings for the linear growth rate, current sheet width, and dominant wavenumber at disruption. These scalings depend not only on the Lundquist number, but also on the noise amplitude. A phenomenological model that reproduces scalings from simulation results is proposed. The model incorporates the effect of reconnection outflow, which is crucial for yielding a critical Lundquist number S

c
below which disruption does not occur. The critical Lundquist number S

c
is not a constant value, but has a weak dependence on the noise amplitude.
When Disorder Looks Like Order: A New Model to Explain Radial Magnetic Fields in Young Supernova Remnants
Authors: West J. L. , Jaffe T. , Ferrand G. , Safi-Harb S. , Gaensler B. M.
Published: November 2017

Radial magnetic fields are observed in all known young, shell-type supernova remnants in our Galaxy, including Cas A, Tycho, Kepler, and SN1006, and yet the nature of these radial fields has not been thoroughly explored. Using a 3D model, we consider the existence and observational implications of an intrinsically radial field. We also present a new explanation of the origin of the radial pattern observed from polarization data as resulting from a selection effect due to the distribution of cosmic-ray electrons (CREs). We show that quasi-parallel acceleration can concentrate CREs at regions where the magnetic field is radial, making a completely turbulent field appear ordered, when it is in fact disordered. We discuss observational properties that may help distinguish between an intrinsically radial magnetic field and the case where it only appears radial due to the CRE distribution. We also show that the case of an intrinsically radial field with a quasi-perpendicular CRE acceleration mechanism has intriguing similarities to the observed polarization properties of SN1006.
« Cette chose exquise »
Authors: Granger Christophe
Published: November 2017

Les vacances ouvrières, en France, n’ont pas attendu les congés payés de 1936. Elles prennent vie en tant que problème politique et en tant que pratique sociale aux alentours de 1900. Le milieu des universités populaires, convaincu que les travailleurs ont droit à ce qui n’est encore qu’un privilège bourgeois, monte des colonies ouvrières de vacances ; les anarchistes y trouvent l’occasion de donner corps, l’été, à des communautés libres, et les députés socialistes déposent, en 1906, un projet de loi accordant des vacances à tous les ouvriers et ouvrières du pays. Pour décrire cette mobilisation plurielle, il faut retracer non seulement la forme concrète que prennent ces vacances ouvrières, non seulement la place qu’elles prennent dans la lutte que se livrent ceux qui se disputent la forme légitime de l’action pour le peuple, mais aussi les questions sociales nouvelles qu’elles posent, à commencer par celle de l’autonomie des ouvriers dans l’organisation des pratiques ouvrières.
Les Frères musulmans au prisme des renseignements britanniques pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale
Authors: Dazey Margot
Published: November 2017

Cet article se propose d’étudier comment les autorités britanniques, leurs services de renseignements et leurs diplomates abordent la montée en puissance des Frères musulmans sur la scène politique égyptienne pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Objets d’une étroite surveillance, les Frères sont perçus comme des éléments subversifs, dont il s’agit d’évaluer la menace posée aux intérêts britanniques et de prévenir l’expansion. Renforcé par le contexte de guerre, ce prisme sécuritaire conduit certains agents de l’ambassade et des services secrets au Caire à tenter d’encadrer le succès des Frères. Oscillant entre intérêts pragmatiques et antagonismes culturels, les répertoires d’actions et d’analyses mis en œuvre éclairent les réticences des diplomaties occidentales vis-à-vis des acteurs islamistes.
La lógica bidimensional y la interpretación de textos de ficción
Authors: Galván Moreno Luis
Published: November 2017

Este artículo examina el reciente desarrollo en lógica y filosofía del lenguaje conocido como «semántica bidimensional» para evaluar su relevancia en varias áreas del estudio de la literatura. En primer lugar se propone una explicación y crítica de las bases filosóficas de la semántica bidimensional, que muestra qué aspectos de ella son más idóneos para los estudios literarios. A continuación se ilustra con algunos ejemplos literarios la diferencia bidimensional entre posibilidades epistémicas y metafísicas; diferencia que, a su vez, contribuye a definir cuestiones disputadas sobre las obras literarias. La siguiente sección sugiere cómo aplicar la lógica bidimensional para comprender el fenómeno de la ficción y su funcionamiento en el conocimiento y la comunicación. Por último, se hacen algunas propuestas para situar el enfoque de la semántica bidimensional en varios contextos: el de determinadas áreas y programas de investigación en literatura, el de cuestiones interdisciplinares, y el de la autocomprensión epistemológica de los estudios literarios.
Lope de Vega y la fortuna del «juego del soldado»
Authors: Vega García-Luengos Germán
Published: November 2017

Desde finales del siglo XVI y a lo largo del XVII son abundantes y variados los testimonios del conocido como «juego del soldado» que están presentes en los distintos géneros, y especialmente en el dramático, dada su inherente teatralidad. En la nómina de autores que lo utilizaron, donde figuran nombres como Calderón, Luis Vélez o Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, destaca Lope de Vega, al que todos los indicios señalan como iniciador de esta historia, digna de ser estudiada con más detalle. Es además quien tiene registrados más casos, hasta cinco, que corresponden a diferentes etapas, géneros (teatro, lírica y relato) y tratamientos (profanos y religiosos); donde además están apuntadas las líneas de desarrollo posterior. En definitiva, el uso de este pasatiempo por parte del Fénix pone de manifiesto una vez más su capacidad de convertirlo todo en literatura, así como su condición de pionero y «marcador de tendencias».
Los «teatros» de La Patria (1849): la crítica teatral del joven Antonio Cánovas del Castillo
Authors: Donate Laffitte Irene , Bernardo San Juan José
Published: November 2017

Las críticas de teatro que el joven Antonio Cánovas del Castillo firmó en 1849 para el diario La Patria no han sido analizadas hasta el momento. En este trabajo se ofrece su catalogación así como, a la luz de esas críticas, los criterios de juicio de Cánovas. De esta forma se muestra una faceta de la personalidad y, sobre todo, de la juventud del político. Su tarea como crítico de teatro añade una perspectiva poco conocida y de interés para los estudiosos del político-crítico.
Toxicity of Aqueous Alkaline Solutions to New Zealand Mudsnails, Asian Clams, and Quagga Mussels
Authors: Barenberg Amber , Moffitt Christine M.
Published: November 2017

We modeled the toxicity response of three important aquatic nuisance species to alkaline solutions of pH 12 to explore the potential use of chemical treatments for decontaminating infested water distribution systems, tanks, and other facilities in confined freshwater environments. Groups of quagga mussels Dreissena bugensis, New Zealand mudsnails Potamopyrgus antipodarum, and Asian clams Corbicula fluminea were tested in temperatures from 19 to 22°C in aqueous solutions adjusted to pH 12 with NaOH. The predicted 99% lethal exposure time (LT99) for adult-sized quagga mussels and New Zealand mudsnails respectively was 31.3 and 35.1 h. Longer exposures were needed to kill adult-sized Asian clams (LT99 = 208.9 h). Because of the worldwide use of NaOH as an alkaline reagent in a variety of industrial and pesticide applications, and its ease of neutralization with CO2, elevating the pH of freshwater solutions with NaOH may be a practicable management tool to remove nuisance species in biofouled canals, pipes, hatchery tanks, and other confined structures.