bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-speed source-device-independent quantum random number generator on a chip
Authors: Bertapelle Tommaso , Avesani Marco , Santamato Alberto , Montanaro Alberto , Chiesa Marco , Rotta Davide , Artiglia Massimo , Sorianello Vito , Testa Francesco , De Angelis Gabriele , Contestabile Giampiero , Vallone Giuseppe , Romagnoli Marco , Villoresi Paolo
Published: November 2024

A wide range of applications require, by hypothesis, to have access to a high-speed, private, and genuine random source. Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) are currently the sole technology capable of producing true randomness. However, the bulkiness of current implementations significantly limits their adoption. In this work, we present a high-performance source-device-independent QRNG leveraging a custom-made integrated photonic chip. The proposed scheme exploits the properties of a heterodyne receiver to enhance security and integration to promote spatial footprint reduction while simplifying its implementation. These characteristics could represent a significant advancement toward the development of generators better suited to meet the demands of portable and space applications. The system can deliver secure random numbers at a rate greater than 20 Gbps with a reduced spatial and power footprint.
Evolution of WHO COVID-19 mask guidelines amid intense demands for rapid advice
Authors: Ford Nathan , Hamilton Hurwitz Hannah , Chou Roger , Willet Vicky , Chu May , Schwaber Mitchell J. , Dunn Kathleen , Toledo João Paulo , Simniceanu Alice , Moon Madison , Thomas Rebekah , Allegranzi Benedetta , Baller April
Published: November 2024

During a health emergency, there is an urgent need to rapidly develop guidelines that meet minimum quality standards, as exemplified by the development of WHO guidelines on mask use in health care and community settings during the COVID-19 pandemic. Between January 2020 and October 2023, WHO developed 21 guideline updates on the use of masks as part of infection prevention and control (IPC) practices. Guideline developers had to deal with an ever-growing volume of evidence of variable quality. Initially, indirect evidence drawn from other severe respiratory illnesses and established minimum requirements for IPC were used. As direct evidence began to emerge, WHO commissioned a living systematic review on mask use in June 2020, which formed the basis of evidence-to-decision making. As more evidence became available, additional considerations were incorporated into the process of recommendation formulation, including harms, acceptability, feasibility and resource use. Target populations for the mask guidelines expanded to include the general public, including children. A broad range of disciplines supported guideline development, including IPC, epidemiology, infectious diseases, occupational health, engineering, pneumology, paediatrics, and water, sanitation and hygiene, as well as civil society representatives. Additional expertise was engaged in the areas of ventilation and aerobiology to expand the range of perspectives regarding modes of transmission. Despite challenges, the experience of rapidly and regularly updating advice on mask use during an emergency health response has shown that it is possible to apply the minimum standards for ensuring the guideline methodology is trustworthy and transparent, with increasing rigor over time as evidence improves. Overall, the experience of developing guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic underscores the importance of adapting to evolving evidence, incorporating diverse perspectives, and maintaining transparency to ensure a rigorous methodology and in return guideline trustworthiness and effectiveness.
Impact of health systems interventions in primary health settings on type 2 diabetes care and health outcomes among adults in West Africa: A systematic review protocol
Authors: Bondzie Eugene Paa Kofi , Amarteyfio Kezia , Jahan Yasmin , Balabanova Dina , Danso-Appiah Tony , Mirzoev Tolib , Antwi Edward , Ayepong Irene
Published: November 2024

Type 2 diabetes is a major global public health challenge, particularly in the African region. Though evidence exists on pharmacological agents and non-pharmacological interventions in maintaining blood glucose concentration, the healthcare systems’ ability to meet patients’ needs may be inadequate. The management of non-communicable diseases, particularly diabetes, has been postulated to depend on functioning health systems. This systematic review will, therefore, summarize the current evidence on existing health systems interventions in primary health settings for type 2 diabetes care and health outcomes in West Africa and will explore the impact of these system-level interventions on service availability, accessibility and quality, as well as individualized outcomes such as glycemic control, disease awareness and treatment adherence. The review will be conducted according to the reporting guidance in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P). The health system framework by Witter et al., 2019 will guide the system-level interventions and the search strategy to be explored in this review. This framework was designed to integrate the six building blocks of the World Health Organization (WHO) health systems framework and it delineates how they work synergistically to improve specific health outcomes. We will search the following databases PubMed, Google Scholar and Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) between January 2000 to January 2024. We will also search Cairn.info for articles published between January 2005 to January 2024. The Cochrane Collaboration tool for assessing Risk of Bias will be implemented in each included study. We will conduct a narrative synthesis and make comparisons across findings using Excel-generated tables. In Conclusion, this systematic review will outline the existing system-level interventions that aim to or already improve type 2 diabetes services in primary health settings in West Africa and will offer suggestions for the strengthening and co-production of successful interventions that can be generalized to the entire sub-region.
A numerical evaluation of real-time workloads for ramp controller through optimization of multi-type feature combinations derived from eye tracker, respiratory, and fatigue patterns
Authors: Shao Quan , Jiang Kaiyue , Li Ruoheng
Published: November 2024

Ramp controllers are required to manage their workloads effectively while handling complex operational tasks, a crucial part of improving aviation safety. The ability to detect their instantaneous workload is vital for ensuring operational effectiveness and preventing hazardous incidents. This paper introduces a novel methodology aimed at enhancing the evaluation of the ramp controller’s cumulative workload by incorporating and optimizing the feature combination from eye movement, respiratory, and fatigue characteristics. Specifically, a 90-minute simulated experiment related to ramp control tasks, using real data from Shanghai Hongqiao Airport, is conducted to collect multi-type data from 8 controllers. Following data construction and the extraction of multi-type, the workloads of all samples are categorized through unsupervised learning. Subsequently, supervised learning techniques are used to calculate feature weights and train classifiers after data alignment. The optimal feature combination is established by calculating feature weights, and the best classification accuracy is over 98%, achieved by the KNN classifier. Furthermore, numerical evaluation and threshold calculations for different workload levels are interpreted. It is promising to provide insights into future works towards human-centered data construction, processing, and interpretation to promote the progress of workload assessment within the aviation industry.
A cura em uma religiosa comunidade terapêutica
Authors: Gomes Ronaldo Martins
Published: November 2024

Este artigo objetiva descrever a cura ou recuperação no tratamento de uma comunidade terapêutica cristã evangélica. Esse trabalho de investigação foi desenvolvido durante o estágio pós-doutoral, inicialmente como um estudo etnográfico, mas que foi inviabilizado pela pandemia de Covid-19 (2020-2022). Adotamos, então, a perspectiva teórico-metodológica da memória coletiva para (re)visitar uma experiência pessoal de internação em uma comunidade terapêutica cristã evangélica por conta do consumo abusivo de substâncias psicoativas, a qual se deu entre agosto de 1987 e junho de 1988. Como resultado, sugerimos que a cura ou recuperação pode ser uma mera inversão de papéis sociais.
A cidadania plena de mães de pessoas com deficiência
Authors: De Faria Marina , Portugal Silvia
Published: November 2024

O artigo discute as estruturas de gênero e capacitistas de poder como obstáculos para a cidadania plena das mulheres que são mães de pessoas com deficiência. Ele se orienta pela seguinte pergunta de pesquisa: qual o impacto do capacitismo e do discurso do cuidado como atribuição feminina no impedimento à cidadania plena das mulheres que são mães de pessoas com deficiência? Para prover sustentação a tal discussão, dirijo meu foco ao Estatuto do Cuidador Informal, aprovado em Portugal, em 2019. Os resultados sugerem que o Estatuto deixa de lado questões relacionadas às especificidades acerca do que é ser mãe de uma pessoa com deficiência.
Mapeando os conflitos na universidade
Authors: Vasconcelos Gonçalves Ana Paula , Vinuto Juliana , Platero Klarissa , Pires Lenin
Published: November 2024

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar dados coletados durante uma pesquisa de vitimização realizada junto à comunidade acadêmica da Universidade Federal Fluminense. Trata-se de pesquisa exploratória do tipo survey, com amostra não-probabilística por cotas, sobre segurança universitária, em que tratamos tanto sobre as experiências com crime, violência e insegurança. Como principais resultados, observamos os campi universitários como relativamente mais seguros do que outros espaços da cidade e também como espaços em que emergem outros modos de agressividade, como conflitos, assédios e abusos.
Sociólogo nada hesitante
Authors: Pedron Caio
Published: November 2024

Uma nova seara de traduções, comentários e estudos especializados está retomando a fortuna crítica de W. E. B. Du Bois (1868-1963) à luz do nosso específico contexto brasileiro: periférico, desigual e excludente, recuperando as suas contribuições como clássicas para a disciplina sociológica. É nesse cenário de efervescência intelectual e ebulição de reconstruções teórico-conceituais que se insere este trabalho, pois Sociologia Hesitante (1905) é um texto que não foi publicado em vida, mas responde ao concerto de problemas sociológicos experimentados pelo campo disciplinar no “crepúsculo e aurora” do entre séculos. Pretende-se resgatar o contexto geral no qual a obra foi produzida e também a singularidade biográfica do seu produtor, atentando para o período da história em que a obra foi redigida. Entretanto, mais do que apenas análise do contexto social e biográfico no qual o ensaio está inserido, quero recuperar o debate “imaginário” que o autor experimentou nesse texto, tendo em vista que suas respostas foram dadas à luz daquilo que se debateu sobre sociologia no famigerado Congresso de Artes e Ciências da Feira Mundial de Saint Louis (1904), evento para o qual Du Bois não foi convidado e que, por isso mesmo, exemplifica o processo de silenciamento que o pensador experimentou durante toda a sua vida.
Vivendo uma vida vegana
Authors: Da Luz Colomé Felipe
Published: November 2024

O artigo analisa o processo de conversão ao veganismo. Para isso, com base na adaptação de um modelo de análise de conversão religiosa, discutem-se as diferentes etapas do processo de conversão ao veganismo com base em entrevistas realizadas com adeptos no Brasil e Canadá, atentando para as motivações e valores mobilizados pelos atores e como eles justificam a sua adesão a esse modo de vida. As conclusões apontam que o processo de conversão ao veganismo é fortemente marcado por operações de racionalização e reflexão sobre o sofrimento animal, que são articuladas por sentimentos morais e emoções. Ademais, ele é caracterizado pela politização crescente dos discursos e práticas que integram esse modo de vida.
Camponeses-migrantes
Authors: Menezes Marilda Aparecida de
Published: November 2024

Nossa proposta neste artigo é compreender como a Profa. Maria Aparecida de Moraes Silva, em suas reflexões teórico-metodológicas e pesquisas, analisa a experiência social de camponeses(as), que são também trabalhadores(as) assalariados(as), em territórios distantes de suas localidades de origem. Examinaremos dois aspectos. Primeiro, como os camponeses-migrantes, cujas vidas são marcadas por processos de expropriação, desenraizamento e exploração, narram as experiências de trabalho e de vida nos diversos espaços em que circulam, considerando tanto os aspectos materiais quanto simbólicos. Segundo, como as intersecções de trabalho, gênero, raça e classe se constituem como eixos centrais na análise dos camponeses(as)-migrantes.
No caminho da sociologia com a Profa. Maria Aparecida de Moraes Silva
Authors: Ocada Fábio Kazuo
Published: November 2024

Este artigo trata da formação em Ciências Sociais e Sociologia recebida ao longo de mais de uma década de estudo na Faculdade de Ciências e Letras da UNESP, Campus de Araraquara, sob orientação da Professora e Socióloga Maria Aparecida de Moraes Silva. Nesse período, foi possível auxiliá-la parcialmente nas suas atividades de pesquisa no âmbito da sociologia rural, suscitando um conjunto de reflexões que dizem respeito à teoria sociológica, à metodologia de pesquisa, à formação e postura ética do pesquisador em campo e ao ofício da Sociologia.
Laços, Fios e Redes dos Mapas Afetivos
Authors: Vettorassi Andrea
Published: November 2024

O artigo ora apresentado é dividido em duas partes. Em um primeiro momento, é traçada uma digressão temporal para a reflexão, em perspectiva objetiva e subjetiva, sobre a História Oral e os mapas afetivos como ferramentas teórico-metodológicas capazes de múltiplas percepções de categorias sociológicas. Em um segundo momento, objetiva-se com as narrativas e mapas afetivos de brasileiros imigrantes entrevistados em Lisboa demonstrar como se revelam as lembranças dos entrevistados e de que forma elas são transportadas para o papel, especialmente no que tange à vivência da pandemia da COVID-19, nos anos de 2020 e 2021, em outro país.
Mathematical Modelling of the Causes, Dynamic Transmission and Control of Malaria Disease
Authors: Odvese Akpusugh Verse Ephraim
Published: November 2024

Malaria is an infectious disease caused by the Plasmodium parasite and spreads between humans via female Anopheles mosquito bites. A mathematical model describes the dynamics of malaria and human population compartments in the form of mathematical equations, which represent the relationships between the compartments’ key attributes. The goal of this study id to identify the key parameters involved in the transmission and spread of the endemic malaria disease, as well as to try to discover acceptable solutions and techniques for the prevention and control using mathematical modelling. The malaria model is built on basic mathematical modelling approaches that result in a system of ordinary equations (ODEs). Our study examines the stability of the model’s equilibrium points. We found that if the reproduction number R

0 is smaller the 1 (R

0 < 1) the disease-free equilibrium point is stable, resulting in disease extinction. If R

0 is greater than 1 (R

0 >1), the disease-free equilibrium becomes unstable. In that situation, the endemic state has a distinct equilibrium, re-invasion is always possible, and the disease remains in the human population. We used the Newton-Raphson method to iterate and successfully find better approximations to the values of the compartments of both the human and vector populations of the model at the endemic equilibrium. Also numerical simulations were carried out using the numerical software Python. These simulations demonstrate the behavior of populations over time as well as the stability of disease-free and endemic equilibrium points.
Rare Metastasis of Prostate Cancer in a Man With Ulcerative Colitis After Creation of an Ileal Pouch
Authors: Zemanek Mark , Powers Joseph Carter , Westbrook Katherine , Dester Emma , Smith Riley , Qazi Taha
Published: November 2024

Prostate cancer is one of the most common globally diagnosed cancers in men. It most frequently metastasizes to bones, lymph nodes, lungs, or the liver. There are limited data investigating the impact of prostate cancer on patients who have undergone ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. We explore the case and the diagnosis of a 68-year-old man with prostate adenocarcinoma that metastasized to the ileal pouch and ultimately required pouch explant. In addition, we discuss the challenges associated with screening and treating prostate cancer in patients with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis.
Utility of Endoscopic Full-Thickness Resection for Refractory Rectal Bleeding in Chronic Radiation Proctitis
Authors: Richter Benjamin I. , Abboud Yazan , Flikshteyn Ben , Hajifathalian Kaveh
Published: November 2024

Severe rectal bleeding is a rare complication of chronic radiation proctitis (CRP). Given CRP's propensity to involve the full thickness of the rectal tissue, we proposed that endoscopic full-thickness resection may be a successful therapeutic modality for treating CRP. A 76-year-old man with multiple comorbid conditions who was not a surgical candidate presented with severe bleeding secondary to CRP that was refractory to all medical and therapeutic interventions. An endoscopic full-thickness resection was performed, which initially resulted in hemostasis, but the patient ultimately developed recurrent rectal bleeding, and endoscopic resection was determined to be unsuccessful.
Prospecting Marine Natural Products as the Disease-Modifying Treatment of Alzheimer’s Diseases
Authors: Saputri Legis Ocktaviana , Harahap Herpan Syafii , Rivarti Arina Windri , Zubaidi Fitriannisa Faradina
Published: November 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a severe and high costs health problem all over the world. To date, there is no therapy capable of curing AD, making drug discovery a challenging and intriguing field to explore. Targeting marine natural products (MNPs) as a source of drug leads is a suitable choice considering the content of bioactive compounds and promising pharmacological benefits. This article aims to look at MNPs with prospects in several prime targets in AD pathology to cure AD. Marine vertebrates (fishes), marine invertebrates (sponges, tunicates, ascidian, clams, scallops, sand dollars, crabs, cockle, sea cucumber, shrimp, bryozoa, marine worm), algae/seaweed, and marine microorganisms (marine fungi, bacterium, dinoflagellata, microalgae) can be potentially used as disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) for AD. By targeting multiple aspects of AD pathology, these MNPs offer a multifaceted approach to treating and potentially modifying the disease course. This result is an intriguing gap for researchers in the discovery and development of new drugs that can improve AD pathology.
Phytochemical and Toxicity Analysis of Sonneratia alba Mangrove Leaf Extract using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) Method
Authors: Arta Ni Kadek Dewi Asri Tiara , Indraningrat Anak Agung Gede , Wijaya Made Dharmesti
Published: November 2024

Mangroves are plants that contain various secondary metabolites with various potential pharmacological activities, one of which is cytotoxic activity. However, researchers have not extensively explored the evidence of secondary metabolite compounds and their toxicity effects in mangrove plants. This research aims to determine the content of secondary metabolite compounds and the toxicity of the leaf extract of the Sonneratia alba mangrove plant in the Ngurah Rai Grand Forest Park (TAHURA), Bali. In this experimental research, compound extraction was carried out using a maceration technique for 2x24 hours using two types of solvents, namely methanol and n-hexane. Phytochemical tests were carried out using qualitative methods and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), while the toxicity test used was the brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT) method. Potassium dichromate and sea water without extract were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. The LC50 value was calculated using probit analysis in Microsoft Excel. Phytochemical test results showed that the methanol extract contains phenol, saponin, tannin, and steroid compounds. Meanwhile, n-hexane extract only contains steroid compounds. GC-MS analysis showed that the compounds with the largest area percentages in the methanol and n-hexane extracts were 1,2,3-benzenetriol (3.94%) and n-hexadecenoic acid (2.41%), respectively. Based on the LC50 value, the methanol extract of S. alba mangrove leaves was moderately toxic (178.17 ppm), while the n-hexane extract was weakly toxic (567.23 ppm). The results of this study provide information that the type of chemical solvent has a major influence on the level of toxicity of S. alba leaf extract, with polar methanol solvent providing the highest toxicity effect compared to nonpolar n-hexane solvent.
Antibacterial Activity of Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis) Peel Tea against Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from a Water Depot
Authors: Yumiko Yumiko , Suhartomi Suhartomi , Nasution Sri Wahyuni , Syarifah Siti , Simaremare Ade Pryta R.
Published: November 2024

Most orange peels are not utilized and become useless waste that is thrown away. Orange peels contain many nutrients and compounds, such as flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, and essential oils, which are secondary metabolites that act as antibacterial agents. This study intends to investigate the antibacterial activity of sweet orange peel tea against isolated Enterobacteriaceae from a random water depot sample around Universitas Prima Indonesia. This experiment used disc diffusion for antibacterial assay. Meanwhile, the sweet orange peel was brewed using two different methods, including infusion and decoction, in two different masses (3 grams and 5 grams). These sweet orange peel tea formulations were compared to standard (chloramphenicol) and control (distilled water). Enterobacteriaceae was isolated and identified from a random water depot sample around Universitas Prima Indonesia, which included colony identification in EMB agar and MacConkey agar, gram staining, and biochemical test. This study showed that a random water depot sample contaminated by Enterobacteriaceae had properties similar to Citrobacter sp. Sweet orange tea formulation inhibited this isolated Enterobacteriaceae growth (P-Value: 0.010). Antibacterial activity was observed in 3-gram infusion, 5-gram infusion, and 5-gram decoction. However, the antibacterial activity was not better than the standard (chloramphenicol). Overall, it can be concluded that the sweet orange peel tea as infusion or decoction has weak antibacterial activity against Enterobacteriaceae bacteria isolated from water depots, which had some properties similar to Citrobacter sp.
Effect of Mixing Time Variation and Framing Time on the Quality of Coffee Grounds-based Solid Soap
Authors: Neisya Insa Dorra , Suratno Suratno , Fikri Kamalia
Published: November 2024

The increase in public consumption of coffee has resulted in an increase in wasted coffee grounds. Coffee grounds have good content for the skin, so they can be reused as a basic ingredient in soap-making. In the soap making process, the mixing and framing stages can affect the quality of the soap. This study aims to determine the effect of mixing time of 24.5 minutes, 25 minutes, and 25.5 minutes as well as framing time of 3 days, 5 days, and 7 days on the physical and chemical quality of solid soap made from coffee grounds. The physical quality parameters observed are colour, texture, cracking, and foam power. The chemical quality parameters are foam stability, pH, moisture content, and free alkali. The method used was the questionnaire method followed by statistical analysis using the Kruskal Wallis test for physical quality tests and the experimental method followed by statistical analysis using the Two-Way ANOVA test for chemical quality tests. The results showed that all variations in mixing time and framing time had an effect on the physical and chemical quality of solid soap and there were significant differences. The panellists assessed the physical quality of the soap to be attractive, hard, with no cracks, and foamy, while the results of the chemical quality test, the soap produced is safe to use by the quality standards of solid soap with a foam stability range of 82%-97%, pH 10.3-11.8, moisture content 6%-14%, and alkali free 0.03%-0.09%.
Quantitative Analysis, Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Effects of Ethanol Leaf Extract and Fractions of Microsorium scolopendria (Burm. f.) Copel. in Mice
Authors: Umoh Uwemedimo Francis , Ubengama Ekikere Ezekiel , Ramos Gina , Onyido Victor Chubueze
Published: November 2024

Microsorium scolopendria, a fern was studied for phytochemicals, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects to add credence to its various folkloric applications. Phytochemicals were analyzed quantitatively, anti-inflammatory experiment was carried out with egg albumin- induced paw oedema and xylene-induced ear oedema models while analgesic effects were studied using formalin-induced paw licking, acetic acid-induced writhing and hot plate-induced pain models. The results revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, terpenoids, and phenols with alkaloids (14.6 %w/w) as the most predominant phytoconstituent. In anti-inflammatory experiments, M. scolopendria extract reduced oedema caused by egg albumin and xylene in a dose related manner and comparable to standard agents. Also, in analgesic experiments, the extract reduced pain induced by formalin, acetic acid, and hot plate. These reductions were statistically (p?0.05) significant. Considering the fractions in all experiments, butanol and ethyl acetate fractions were prominent in anti-inflammatory effect while ethyl acetate fraction was at top in reduction of pain. This study supports the use of M. scolopendria in ethnomedicinal practice.
Utilization of Maggot Larvae (Hermetia illucens) for Processing Food Waste at the UIN Raden Intan Lampung Canteen
Authors: Listiana Ika , Marlina Marlina , Kuswanto Eko , Hoya Ade Lenty
Published: November 2024

Waste management using maggot larvae (Hermetia illucens) can be an innovative strategy for reducing organic waste. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of maggot larvae in processing organic waste at the UIN Raden Intan Lampung Canteen. The research used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) technique with 3 treatments and 3 replications. The observed parameters were duration, residue, and maggot weight. The organic waste used included vegetables, fruits, rice, and bones. The results showed that for bone and rice waste, maggots were able to reduce waste by 80%, producing an average residue of 141.3 grams with a decomposition duration of 515 minutes and a final maggot weight of 320.67 grams. For fruit and vegetable waste, maggots reduced waste by 58%, producing an average residue of 293 grams with a decomposition duration of 395 minutes and a final maggot weight of 560.33 grams. For mixed waste, maggots reduced waste by 81% with a decomposition duration of 496.6 minutes and a final maggot weight of 430.3 grams.
Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Activities of Cornhusk Extract of Zea mays and Leaf Extract of Sacharum officinarum
Authors: Akpan Emem Eyo , Anagboso Martin Osita , Johnny Imoh Imeh , Ebong Nwakaego Omonigho , Okokon Jude Efiom
Published: November 2024

Zea mays husk and Saccharum officinarum have been used for years in ethnomedicine for their antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antidiabetic, and antiphlogistic activities. The cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of Zea mays husk and Saccharum officinarum leaf extracts on the root meristem cells of Allium cepa were investigated. Onion bulbs were exposed to 2.5 mg/ml, 5mg/ml, and 10 mg/ml concentrations of the extracts for macroscopic and microscopic analysis. Tap water was used as a negative control and Methotrexate (0.1 mg/ml) was used as a positive control. There was statistically significant (p < 0.05) inhibition of root growth depending on concentration by the extracts when compared with the negative control group. All the tested extracts were observed to have cytotoxic effects on cell division in A. cepa. The extract induced chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei (MNC) formations in A. cepa root tip cells were significant (p<0.05) when compared with the control group. The extracts treatment further induced cell death, ghost cells, cells membrane damage, and binucleated cells. The Zea mays husk extract was found to exhibit higher cytotoxic and genotoxic potential than Saccharum officinarum leaf extract. These results suggest that Zea mays husk and Saccharum officinarum leaf extracts possess cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on A. cepa.
In Vitro Mucolytic Activity of Cardamom Fruit (Amomum compactum) Decoction on Duck Egg Albumens
Authors: Vitri Desy Aryanti Pardilla , Aini Siti Rahmatul , Saputri Legis Ocktaviana
Published: November 2024

Cardamom (Amomum compactum) is empirically used as a cough medicine by using its seeds and fruits. Cardamom seeds have been shown to have mucolytic activity at a concentration of 0.8%, while cardamom fruit has not been studied. This study aimed to determine the mucolytic activity of cardamom fruit decoction at variation concentrations. Mucolytic activity tests were carried out in vitro on duck egg albumens at 3%, 6%, and 12% variation concentrations of cardamom fruit decoction. N-acetylcysteine 0.1% was positive control, while phosphate buffer and Tween 80 were negative controls. The mucolytic activity was determined based on the viscosity value measured by flow time using an Ostwald viscometer and density measurement using a pycnometer. Data from each group were analyzed using SPSS with parametric One-Way ANOVA and Post Hoc tests. The results showed that cardamom fruit decoction at concentrations of 3%, 6%, and 12% had values that were not significantly different from N-acetylcysteine (p>0.05) and there was no significant difference (p>0.05) between each concentration group. Accordingly, the research concludes that cardamom fruit decoction at concentrations of 3%, 6%, and 12% has mucolytic activity comparable to N-acetylcysteine.
Potential of California Variety Papaya Leaf Extract (Carica papaya L. California variety) As Bioherbicide of Snake Grass Weed (Cyperus rotundus L.)
Authors: Setiawan Riki , Mu'jijah Mu'jijah , Suyamto Suyamto
Published: November 2024

Efforts to increase production yields are by controlling weeds. Weeds that often grow and we encounter in cultivated plants are weed grass (C. rotundus). California papaya leaves have the potential to be a bioherbicide because they contain allelochemicals that can inhibit weed growth.  This study aims to determine the effect of papaya leaves (C. papaya) on the growth of teki grass (C. rotundus) and determinetheconcentration level of papaya leaf allelopathy that most effectively inhibits the growth of teki grass.The method used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with five replications and four treatmentsof0%, 30%, 50%, and 70%. For data analysis in this study using the SPSS version 25.0 program. Papaya leaf extract (C. papaya) is able to inhibit the growth of weed grass (C. rotundus). The concentration of papaya leaf extract (C. papaya) that most effectively inhibits the growth of weed is 50% concentration with a mortality rate (64%), for the lowest plant heightis50% concentration which is 13.84 cm, for the slowestgrowthrate is 50% concentrationwith a growthrate of -0.16 cm.
Does Board Independence Matter? Evidence from New Zealand
Authors: Koerniadi Hardjo , Tourani-Rad Alireza
Published: November 2024

This paper examines the effects of the presence of independent directors on firm value using both market-based performance measures (Tobin’s Q ratio and EVA) and accounting-based ratios (ROA and ROE). We find that, instead of adding value, independent directors in New Zealand negatively affect firm value. We also find that, consistent with stewardship theory, independent directors have a positive effect on firm value only when they are in the minority. These findings are important given the increasing trend toward independence in corporate boards around the globe and suggest that board independence may not generally be suitable for countries where managers are considered as active partners along with other stakeholders in companies.
Stereotypes, Students’ Perceptions and Inherent Creativity: Further Australian Evidence
Authors: Baxter Peter , Kavanagh Marie
Published: November 2024

The objectives of this study are to: ascertain how first year university students perceive accounting in a time period following the high profile corporate collapses of the early 21st century; understand the factors that influence these perceptions; and determine if there is an association between students’ perceptions of accounting and their inherent creativity. The findings of the study show that the majority of first year university students still hold a traditional stereotypical perception of accounting. School teachers and subjects were reported by the students as being the main influences on their perceptions. Students’ perceptions of accounting are also linked to their inherent creativity. A limitation of the study is that the sample is drawn from students at two Australian universities. Therefore, the results may not generalise to other institutions. This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge on students’ perceptions of accounting and the impact of various factors. There are implications for educators in designing appropriate curricula and the promotion of accounting by the accounting profession.
Accident Music
Authors: Gibson R.
Published: November 2024

[Images] + [text] - Set up the scene. It’s this kind of town. Sunrise hustles fresh air in from the ocean. A day spent near the harbour gives the full history of radiance. At night you can hear accident music in fog horns and pilot bells....
The lock-up privatisation blues
Authors: Smith T.
Published: November 2024

when I was born daddy bought me some shares
in a catering company
then each christmas he's added in turn
a security firm
a laund - er - y
some units to rent
a fleet of buses
a merchant bank
an escort agency
an engineering shop
a basketball team
a supermarket
a hospital
and a whole party of cuddly politicians
The freedom of histories : reassessessing Grotius on the sea
Authors: Edmond G.
Published: November 2024

You might think it was obvious that Hugo Grotius was a man of his age. Yet the majority of historical accounts have failed to consider his work as the product of a life lived during a particular epoch. Instead historians have tended to particularise, through extraction and emphasis, various claims seemingly apparent in his work. In so doing they have created sanitised and deformed interpretations which fail to render substantive coherence to the whole of his work. The work has been described as the inauguration of a matured conceptualisation of international law and relations reflecting modem perceptions. Such analysis fails to adequately explain the coexistence, within the work, of both archaic and modem conceptions. Antiquated or accretious components have been glossed over or ignored. This has been the case for the majority of interpreters of Mare Liberum. With the infusion of new assumptions about historical methodology, texts are less likely to be conceived in vacuo. No longer can historians invoke a parthenogenetic explanation for knowledge claims. Rather the historian's role has shifted to include the consideration of more sociological and contextual influences in unravelling the history of ideas. These techniques involve an attempt to render historical texts as coherent and rational, but by the standards of argument and rationality available at the time of their construction, as understood by modem historians.
Hegemon : tracing power through bodies of law
Authors: Dobber M.
Published: November 2024

'I once had a conversation with a high-ranking member of the CPUSA ... who said that gay people should stay in the closet because it sets a bad example for the 'working class'. '
US gay activist, in conversation:
'The NSW-based Gay and Lesbian Rights Lobby recently knocked back a push by bisexuals and transsexuals to be accepted as part of its overall charter for lobbying ... Those who resisted most strongly were AIDS Council of NSW (ACON) president Peter Grogan, former Mardi Gras president Richard Cobden, gay NSW parliamentary member Paul O'Grady and interim head of the Australian Council for Lesbian and Gay Rights, Carole Ruthchild ... Those against the inclusion ... said that bisexuals could have lovers of the same sex but still resort to the 'safety' net of a heterosexual lifestyle ... The Gay and Lesbian Rights Lobby had earlier expelled Norrie May Welby under the premise that May Welby's constant 'queer' arguments in committee meetings had delayed work on important rights issues.' Campaign 207/June '93
Mosaic : special law and literature issue
Authors: Meehan M.
Published: November 2024

The title of this Canadian contribution to Law and Literature Adversaria - carefully indicates, Anne McGillivray informs us, the "avoidance of canonical closures", and the collection offers critical perspectives on law and on literature drawn from semiotics, narratology, postcolonial theory, new historicism, rhetoric, political and economic theory, together with essays offering a more indigenous method arising from an exchange of information, method and values between literature and law, as in the essay of Lawrence Douglas on Billy Budd, and in Stephen A Cohen's paper on law, equity and ideology in The Merchant of Venice.
Indigenous peoples, identity, history, and law: the United States and Australian experience
Authors: Wunder J.
Published: November 2024

Approximately 350 million people in the world, or roughly 6% of the world's population are indigenous. Significantly diverse, Native peoples live in at least 72 countries as nations within nations (Echo-Hawk 1997: 1_2). Indigenous peoples existed before colonists arrived in their homelands, and yet the conquerors have consistently sought to develop legal standards of indigenous identity. In every instance, identity is related to land rights, cultural freedoms, and sovereignty issues. What is an indigenous person's legal identity? A people's identity? How is it determined? Who determines it? Such simple questions have so often generated complex and confusing answers.
The repatriation of Yagan : a story of manufacturing dissent
Authors: McGlade H.
Published: November 2024

kaya yarn nyungar gnarn wangitch
gnarn noort balaj goon
kaart malaam moonditj
listen Nyungars, I tell you, our people, our brother he come home, we lay his head down ...
Old Nyungar men are singing, and the clapping sticks can be heard throughout Perth's international airport late in the night. There are up to three hundred Nyungars who have come to meet the Aboriginal delegation due to arrive on the 11pm flight from London. The delegation are bringing home the head of Yagan, the Nyungar warrior.
In the wake of Terra Nullius?
Authors: Perrin C , Ripperger B.
Published: November 2024

Terra nullius is the principle of a violence that inheres in every origin. And, in its wake, there is no law, no text, no culture, free ofthat violence. The origin is no accident. Terra nullius is not an historical error. Our conceptual legacy is the unsettled and unsettling history of this violence. It demands critical... thinking. Or else... we are condemned to repeat this origin again and again.
Political identification and the differend
Authors: Banki P.
Published: November 2024

At the end of a long and scrupulous essay addressing the question of Martin Heidegger's politics, Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe asks:
Why would the problem of identification not be, in general, the essential problem of the political (Lacoue~Labarthe 1989:300)?
On reading
Authors: Perrin C.
Published: November 2024

Justin Clemens' review of our previous issue was short if not sweet. The invective contained in it, together with the refusal of the Australian Book Review to publish a response, has obliged us to republish the review together with a brief reply from the special editor of that issue.
Free at last
Authors: Pefanis J.
Published: November 2024

I met the philosopher a few years ago when he was director of the College of Philosophy. (A significant detail that underlines his commitment to knowledge, education and the proposition that 'childhood is the season of the mind's possibilities.) To arrange our meeting- I wanted to discuss a matter oftranslation - I telephoned him.
‘We’re doing everything but treaty’: Law Reform and Sovereign Refusal in the Colonial Debtscape
Authors: Giannacopoulos Maria
Published: November 2024

This article is the text of the John Barry Memorial Lecture in Criminology delivered at the University of Melbourne just four days after the unsuccessful Voice referendum and eleven days after the genocide in Gaza began to be unleashed. Following artists Matt Chun and James Tylor’s strikethrough of A̶u̶s̶t̶r̶a̶l̶i̶a̶ and extending this to the description of colonial l̶a̶w̶, colonial law in the place known as A̶u̶s̶t̶r̶a̶l̶i̶a̶ is revealed as sitting in a violent relation of domination toward Indigenous laws, peoples, lands, and languages that pre-existed it. L̶a̶w̶ and l̶a̶w̶s̶ imposed upon Aboriginal Land are usurpatory and as such form a nomopoly which in turn function to naturalize and then retrospectively legitimize the theft of Aboriginal land. This, it is argued is the work of the debtscape where legal apparatuses are on a reformist loop, working ceaselessly to cover over the fact of unpaid colonial debts as the foundation and enabling condition for A̶u̶s̶t̶r̶a̶l̶i̶a̶. Reckoning with unpaid sovereign debt is a form of decolonisation that is yet to come.
Civilising the savages of Yorta Yorta country: legal metaphor, violence and the ‘tide of history’
Authors: Charles Holly
Published: November 2024

This paper considers the Yorta Yorta native title litigation as an example of racialised violence enacted on First Nations people by the colonial law. From my position as a Yorta Yorta woman, I analyse the significant violence underlying the metaphor relied on by Federal Court judge, Olney J, to dismiss the Yorta Yorta native title claim at first instance: that the “tide of history” had “washed away” any acknowledgement of traditional Yorta Yorta law and custom. By reference to the trial transcript, I analyse the discursive connotations of the tide metaphor to demonstrate how its use throughout the trial perpetuated racialised narratives of savagery and civilisation, continuing the ‘originary’ violence of colonisation. Further, I examine how the tide metaphor was deployed to conceal the violence of colonisation, which had the effect of silencing Yorta Yorta narratives while masking the colonial law’s own role in the tide of history. Ultimately, I argue that the tide of history metaphor was used to signal the ‘end stage’ of settler colonialism, in which the colonial law’s own nomocide of Yorta Yorta law and custom was justified. According to colonial narratives, our identity as First Nations peoples is fragile, and we are coming to the end stage of life as Indigenous peoples. In the end stage of settler colonialism, the settler imaginary deems First Nations people as no different from settlers, finally legitimising and indigenising the settler colonial project.
‘A World Where Many Worlds Fit’: On the Zapatista Model of a Just Society
Authors: Gomez Romero Luis
Published: November 2024

On January 1st, 1994, the Indigenous Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN, Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional) rose up in arms, in the south-eastern Mexican state of Chiapas, in response to the daily oppressions and injustices Indigenous peoples face within Mexican neo-colonial political systems and juridical orders. The Zapatista movement is grounded on a distinct methodology that structures political thought in the framework of Maya worldviews. This resulted in a unique political practice in which, for example, revolution does not aim to seize power, but rather to transform civil society. This article discusses the key political principles informing the Zapatista model of a just society that results from such a methodology and practices: the centuries-old Indigenous moral economy that resists turning land into a commodity, the radicalization of democracy through the mandate of command by obeying (mandar obedeciendo), and the transformation of pluralism into the pursuit of a world where other worlds fit (un mundo donde quepan otros mundos).
Heretical Archives: Heterotopic Institutions and Fictive Records
Authors: Goodrich Peter
Published: November 2024

The archive is in significant part the melancholic record of death. It harbours coffins, tombs and tomes. An image, first, of an untimely death. Part of a personal archive, the record of time long since spent. Shards of a history that did not happen. A shadow. A shade. Dr Ewan Maclean, a figure of encyclopedic learning and aesthetic inclinations, did his doctorate on art forgery. I knew him, and I had admired his knowledge and his thesis while studying in Edinburgh. He was short, bald, bibliophilic, brilliant but boring and in consequence unmemorable and prone to alcohol and an academic diffidence that led to his joining the civil service and moving to London at around the same time that I was appointed to Birkbeck to set up the law department. Ewan was working on miscarriages of justice and so I asked him to tutor for the new school. He did so rather unsuccessfully for a year or two, only really at ease, so I felt, when drinking with students after class. He never applied for a permanent position. He left London to return to Scotland. Before leaving he gave me a gift, a book, The Addicts Archive, or actually The Film Addicts Archive (Oakes 1977). Then, back in Edinburgh, surrounded by art and books, he drank himself to death. He was cremated at 1pm on August 28, 2013. He left little behind, scarcely a trace or registration, a tentative or inebriate and evaporating ichnological inscription.
Is Technology for the Anthropocene an Impossibility? A Conversation about the Myko Project
Authors: Antaki Mark , Janda Richard
Published: November 2024

We, the two interlocutors in this discussion, Mark Antaki and Richard Janda, have for the past number of years had periodic exchanges about the theoretical underpinnings and possible critique of a project that Janda has been leading, which seeks to signal to individuals the impacts of their choices upon collective environmental, health and social goods and to orient these individuals to make better choices. Antaki has sought to probe a number of paradoxes and challenges for legal normativity involved in using new forms of technology to address the accumulating and devastating externalities produced by our use of technology. A mutual fascination with the project and its critique led us to conclude that the discussion might have some broader saliency. This dialogue allowed us to share our preoccupations concerning the pervasive quality of technology in our lives and to explore how our efforts to redress the dominion of technology over nature might cede to the temptation to call upon new forms of technology in aid. Is this temptation to be resisted?