bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Teaching Dimension of Digital Education due to COVID-19 in the Light of a Survey in Hungary
Authors: Homoki Erika , Nyitrai Laura Tímea
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
In the information society, the stimulus threshold for learners has changed, which requires a novel education strategy. Today, it is no longer what attracts students’ attention that it was 20 years ago. In addition to the rapid development of ICT, public education cannot go either. We believe that advanced teacher digital competence can be one of the keys of finding common ground with students and doing effective teaching work.

Methods:
In our research we examine the level of digital competence of public education teachers before the pandemic and during the 2nd wave in Hungary (2020 autumn). We examine the development of digital competence, student performance, and the effectiveness of education outside the classroom in the spring period based on teacher experience. Data from the completed forms were evaluated by using basic statistical indicators.

Results:
According to the data received, the pandemic revealed serious shortcomings in the level of development of the digital competence of both teachers and students. However, it also opened the way for catching up on both sides. Teachers were already better prepared during the second wave, so they were able to solve education more efficiently. Regional development differences and a lack of digital tools have widened the gap between students.

Discussion:
The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed these shortcomings in education. For here the process of teaching had to be placed in digital space from one moment to the next.

Limitations:
The research shows data valid only for Hungary.

Conclusions:
Expected result is the demonstrable development of competences.
EFL Instructors’ Perceptions of Utilizing Mobile-Assisted Language Learning in Higher Education
Authors: Dağdeler Kübra Okumuş , Demiröz Hakan
Published: July 2022

Introduction:One of the prominent approaches in language education is Mobile-Assisted Language Learning (MALL) due to recent advances in technology. To benefit from MALL effectively and develop it when it is required, it is important to know the perceptions of the ones who use it. Although much research related to students’ and teachers’ perceptions of MALL in primary and secondary education is present in the literature, research related to perceptions of instructors in higher education is limited. Thus, this study aimed at identifying the instructors’ perceptions of utilizing MALL in higher education.

Methods:As the perceptions of the participants were aimed to be explored in detail, the qualitative research design was adopted. An open-ended questionnaire was developed by the researchers and administered to 24 instructors working at the English Language Teaching (ELT) departments of different universities in Turkey. The data were analyzed through content analysis.

Results:It was found that the instructors defined MALL as using mobile technologies for language learning. Moreover, the participants had positive perceptions about MALL as it had some benefits, such as anytime, anywhere learning, stronger students’ interest, higher motivation and autonomy, individualized and collaborative learning. However, MALL users faced some challenges, such as weak internet connection and battery, time consumption in terms of preparing content for the class, classroom management problems and low digital literacy of both students and instructors.

Discussion:The results of the study were parallel to the findings of the previous studies in the literature. This study found that MALL contributed to learning independent of time and place, high motivation and interest, saving time and energy, individualized learning, collaborative learning, autonomous learning, and learning with fun.

Limitations:This study is not without limitations. Triangulation of data with in-depth interviews could be implemented to increase detailed information and reliability.

Conclusions:The results of the study showed that instructors who had benefitted from technology in their teaching process had positive perceptions despite some challenges. To this end, it is suggested that MALL be utilized in language teaching by minimizing its challenges.
Same Mathematical Structure, Different Design: How Does Task Format Affect Creative Problem-Posing Performance?
Authors: Özdemir Ercan , Kar Tuğrul , Öçal Tuğba
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of task format on pre-service mathematics teachers’ creative problem-posing performance.

Methods:
In this quantitative study, a figural and a written pattern related to daily life with the same mathematical structure were presented to participants and they were asked to write as many problems as they could. The problems were analyzed based on whether they were viable and then on the components of fluency, flexibility, and originality of creativity.

Results:
The results of the study indicated that, although the flexibility and originality scores in the figural pattern were higher, the only statistical difference was observed in the originality component. Moreover, it has been found that some of the participants wrote similar problems in both tasks; however, the problems in the figural pattern were inclined to be more difficult.

Discussion:
Developing students’ creative-thinking skills is a main purpose of mathematics education research (Mann, 2006). However, the results of the research have indicated that the teachers’ knowledge of how to develop students’ creative-thinking skills is still lacking (Shriki & Lavy, 2012) and, consequently, students are provided with few opportunities to experience creative thinking and learning in class (Silver, 1997; Sriraman, 2005). Problem posing has a close association with creativity as well as with problem solving (Haylock, 1997; Silver, 1997). Therefore, to develop creative-thinking skills, learning environments should be enriched with problem-posing tasks. The results of this research do not assert that only one of the figural or written pattern types must be preferred to stimulate creative-thinking skills in the context of problem posing. Instead, the results emphasize that each of the written and figural patterns has its own strengths.

Limitations:
The fluency, flexibility, and originality scores are affected by the sample size. Conducting similar studies on larger samples may provide more valid conclusions about possible differences. This study has taken two different task formats into account as follow; being in written form related to daily life or including figural patterns. Figural patterns can also be structured based on whether they explicitly provide the pattern rule (Barbosa & Vale, 2016). The effect of these types of problem-posing tasks on creativity components is another case that can be investigated.

Conclusions:
Considering these results together, while including problem-posing tasks for both written and figural patterns to improve the flexibility and originality components of creativity is supported, the use of problem-posing tasks for figural patterns may be further recommended.
An Investigation of the Relationship between Prospective Teachers’ Self-Management and Self-Control Skills, Metacognition and E-Mobile Learning Readiness Perceptions
Authors: Gözüm Ali İbrahim Can , Demir Özden
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
This study aims to investigate the relationship between prospective teachers’ self-management and self-control skills, metacognition, and e-mobile learning readiness perceptions.

Methods:
This study adopted a procedural model that was relational screening in nature. This study was conducted with 303 prospective teachers who attended Primary School Classroom Teaching, Primary School Science Teaching, Pre-school Teaching, and Psychological Counseling and Guidance departments in a State University Education Faculty in Turkey. In this study the “Self-control and self-management scale”, the “Metacognition scale” and the “E-Mobile learning readiness scale” were used as data collection tools. It was determined that the data collection tools used in the study were valid and reliable.

Results:
According to the results of the study, mobile learning readiness perception is positively affected by metacognition. Metacognition is positively affected by Self-management and Self-control Skills. In the study, the effects of e-mobile learning readiness perceptions on both metacognition and self-management and self-control skills were discussed in accordance with the proposed model.

Discussion:
The aim of this study is to determine the relationships between the variables of prospective teachers’ self-management and self-control skills, metacognition and e-mobile learning readiness perceptions. Four hypotheses in the proposed model were discussed according to the literature.

Limitations:
This study was conducted only with the participants consisting of teacher candidates at a state university in Turkey. However, the participants of the research can be expanded with different teaching areas of higher education.

Conclusions:
Prospective teachers’ self-regulation, self-assessment and control skills positively affect their metacognition skills. The metacognition skill of prospective teachers has a positive effect on mobile learning readiness perception.
Biotransformation of Hops-Derived Compounds in Beer – A Review
Authors: Klimczak Krystian , Cioch-Skoneczny Monika
Published: July 2022

Besides providing bitterness to beer, hops also impart a whole range of aromas, such as herbal, spice, floral, citrus, fruity and pine to this beverage. Although hops are usually added in relatively small amounts, they have a significant impact on the sensory characteristics of the product. Raw hop aroma significantly differs from the aroma resulting from its addition to the beer. The final aroma of the beer arises from substances in the malt, hops, other additives, and yeast metabolism. The biochemical transformation of hop compounds by yeast has become more and more popular in recent years. Knowledge of this process may allow more precise control over the final sensory characteristics of the beverage. The article describes the chemical composition of hops and discusses the influence of the hopping regime on the concentration of volatile compounds in the finished product. Moreover, the article describes the biotransformation of hop-derived compounds by traditionally used Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast, as well as less commonly used non-Saccharomyces yeast. The paper outlines the current state of knowledge on biotransformation of hop-derived hydrocarbons, terpenoids, esters, sulfur compounds and glycosidically bound aroma precursors.
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Peel Flour as Functional Ingredient for Chorizo: Effect Physicochemical and Sensory Characteristics of Functional Meat Products
Authors: Maillard-Berdeja Karla Vanessa , Ponce-Alquicira Edith , Schettinobermúdez Beatriz S. , Perez-Chabela M. Lourdes
Published: July 2022

Functional meat products are necessary to improve the health of consumers without detrimental effects on high biological value protein consumption. The incorporation of natural antioxidants and dietary fibre from agro-industrial coproducts is a good alternative to improve the nutritional characteristics of meat products. Pomegranate peel flour was employed as a functional ingredient to replace part of the fat, in a raw meat product like chorizo, determining changes in instrumental colour and texture, sensory acceptation, and neophobia. Pomegranate peel flour presented high content of polyphenols with considerable antioxidant activity, and high content of dietary fibre as well. Fibre retained moisture, decreasing water activity of the chorizos, decreasing pH during storage. Pomegranate peel flour increased the colour tone of the chorizos and decreased colour intensity, with a tough but easy to crumble texture. Sensory acceptation of chorizos with pomegranate peel flour was higher than control, although taste and texture were scored lower than the control sample. Results show that incorporation of pomegranate peel flour decreased Aw and pH, besides increased the samples luminosity and tone. Chorizo with pomegranate peel flour were harder than control. Nonetheless, as a functional ingredient improved health benefits with a positive consumers’ acceptance, non-neophobic, particularly in older consumers (40-50 years old). Pomegranate peel flour is a viable ingredient in the formulation of functional meat products.
Mineral Composition, Antioxidant, Anti-Urease, and Antibiofilm Potential of Juglans Regia Leaves and Unripe Fruits
Authors: Miłek Michał , Ciszkowicz Ewa , Lecka-Szlachta Katarzyna , Miłoś Anna , Zaguła Grzegorz , Pasternakiewicz Anna , Dżugan Małgorzata
Published: July 2022

The leaves and unripe fruits from 5 walnut clones were tested in terms of mineral composition, antioxidant activity, and the inhibitory effect on model urease. It has been shown that the leaves are richer in minerals and also have higher antioxidant potential than unripe fruits. HPTLC polyphenolic profiles of leaves extract were found more abundant in flavonoids regardless of the sample origin. Only green walnut extracts showed an effect as urease inhibitors. Higher antibacterial activity was observed against Staphylococcus aureus in comparison with Staphylococcus epidermidis. Both leaf and fruit extracts showed antibiofilm activity, up to 95% of biofilm inhibition. It was shown that all tested Juglans regia extracts can serve as a valuable antibacterial agent against staphylococci infections.
Convection Drying Influence on Thermo-Physical Properties, Bioactive Substances, Color and Texture Profile of Red Pepper (Capsicum Spp)
Authors: Baississe Salima , Boulelouah Nadia , Bedjaoui Hanane , Mehaoua Mohamed Seghir , Reguieg Lies
Published: July 2022

This work aimed to study the effect of convection drying on bioactive substances and on the texture profile of red pepper. Four mathematical models were used to model the drying kinetics, as a function of the temperature and the thickness of slices. These models are largely in agreement with experimental data. Effective diffusivity, Arrhenius constant, activation energy and thermal properties changed with temperature of dry process. The two varieties of pepper used in this work demonstrated a very high degree of spiciness (144799.37-160899.37 SU). This property is related to the high contents of capsaicin (39.60-44.01 mg/g) and dihydrocapsaicin (32.33-35.95 mg/g). Our results revealed that brittleness, hardness 1 and 2, firmness, chewiness, gumminess appearance and Young’s modulus are very important attributes in determining the textural profile of dried red pepper. Also, drying causes a strong degradation of natural pigments of red pepper and consequently decreases attractiveness of the texture profile. To avoid that, red pepper should be pretreated before the application of hot air drying.
The Analysis of Correlations Between Terpene Transformations and Fermentation Type of Apple Musts
Authors: Januszek Magdalena , Wajda Łukasz
Published: July 2022

We measured the concentration of 13 terpenes in musts of 3 different apple cultivars fermented spontaneously, with Ethanol RED yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or Cider Yeast (Saccharomyces bayanus). Then we analysed obtained data with PCA with various packages in R to assess how different types of fermentation and apple cultivars affected terpene profile. The most informative results of PCA were obtained in ‘psych’ package and they indicated that there were groups of terpenes which concentrations increased simultaneously, while for some other groups the content of particular compounds was negatively correlated. This suggests that the first group of terpenes originated from different substrates while the latter group could be obtained from the same compound. Our findings indicated new possible pathways of terpene transformation, e.g. linalool, citral and geraniol could transform into one another. Moreover, the role of S. bayanus in those processes remains unclear and it requires further consideration.
Influence of Bacillus Subtilis Fermentation on Content of Selected Macronutrients in Seeds and Beans
Authors: Słowik-Borowiec Magdalena , Zdeb Gabriela , Kuras Weronika , Książektrela Paulina
Published: July 2022

In this study, five plant matrices (pea, mung bean, lentils, soy and sunflower) were fermented using Bacillus subtilis var. natto. Then the process influence on the content of fatty acids and proteins was evaluated, depending on the fermentation length. Fermentation was conducted for 144 hours in controlled conditions of temperature and relative humidity (37°C, 75%). Samples for tests were collected every 24 hours. Gas chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) was used to evaluate fatty acids content in fermented seeds. Their composition was expressed as a percentage of the total quantity of fatty acids. The protein content in plant matrices was analysed with the modified Bradford protein assay, using the TECAN apparatus with the i-Control software, of the wave length of ʎ=595 nm. Studies showed that the prolonged fermentation time influenced an increase of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) content in all studied seeds. Promising results were obtained for soy, sunflower, and lentil seeds, amounting to 3.6%; 68.7% and 67.7%, respectively. This proves that the process of seed fermentation can be effectively used to increase their nutritional value.
Performance of Solid Waste Landfills Under Earthquake-Induced Vibrations
Authors: Marghaki Behnaz Seyedi , Soltani Fazlollah , Farsangi Ehsan Noroozinejad , Sivandi-Pour Abbas
Published: July 2022

The stability inside the waste, internal stability, and co-stability between the elements of the insulation system and the landfill bed should be considered in the landfill design. The stresses and the resulting deformations in both mineral and geosynthetic materials of the insulation system must be controlled in the design, so that an unpredictable flow path is not created. Besides, long-term durability in the insulation system should be considered. An evaluation of the durability of the system requires knowledge of the interaction between the components and the waste as a settling object. The numerical modeling methods can be used to evaluate the local instability. In this study, a landfill constructed in the UK has been modeled in ABAQUS finite element platform and was verified with the results of obtained data from precision instruments at the landfill site. Then, by applying the earthquake excitations, the seismic behavior of the solid waste landfill under Far-Field and Near-Field earthquakes and their effect on the durability of the landfill wall system were investigated. The outputs include maximum displacement, maximum stress, the most critical state, and investigation of yield stress and rupture of the geomembrane layer. The results indicated that in the landfill wall, the maximum displacement occurs in the waste section. It occurs especially between the boundary of natural soil and waste. It was also observed that the geomembrane layer under the earthquake loadings had experienced some ruptures.
Reliability-Based Assessment of Galloping Instability of Thin-Walled Steel Beams
Authors: Nguyen Huu Anh Tuan
Published: July 2022

Galloping instability relating to cross-wind vibrations can be found in flexible and lightly damped structures. In the present paper, the reliability of a thin-walled steel beam in maintaining its galloping stability was examined using a probabilistic approach. The analysis considered random variation in the cross-sectional geometrical properties of the beam, the material elastic modulus, the structural damping and the wind speed. A large number of Monte Carlo simulations were performed with normal and Gumbel distributions applied to the random variables to determine the probability distribution function of the safety margin. The limit state is considered violated when the wind speed exceeds the onset wind velocity of galloping, resulting in the aerodynamic damping being greater than the structural damping. It was shown by a conventional codified safety factor method that the beam was robust enough for galloping stability. By contrast, the probability-based assessment revealed that the beam failed to achieve the target reliability index in case the coefficient of variation of wind speed was greater than 5%. The analysis results suggested that the code-satisfied slenderness of the beam should be reduced by a factor of 1.5-1.7 under the action of wind speed with a coefficient of variation in the range 30-40%.
Urban Solutions in the Universal Planning of Residential Spaces for the Elderly and the Disabled
Authors: Wojtyszyn Bogusław
Published: July 2022

The article concerns the creation, in accordance with the EU idea of integrated accessibility, more and more favorable legal and design conditions for shaping the space of the residential development environment with equalized physical and social accessibility among elderly, disabled and non-disabled people. The research results presented in the article indicate the existing limitations and new possibilities in improving the general principles of creating urban assumptions for universal design. For this purpose, sixteen elements and their functional and spatial features were identified, which, in all people with various disabilities, as research has shown, directly increase the surrogate and corrective effectiveness of perception and communing with the residential development environment. From among those identified, those elements were distinguished which, in the residential development space, most equalize its accessibility for people in the characterized categories of visual, auditory, motor and intellectual disabilities. These are the elements of the spatial layouts of residential development, which also that have the strongest impact on increasing the safety, independence and freedom of movement of each inhabitant in their housing estate.
The Use of GFRP Tubes as Load-Bearing Jackets in Concrete-Composite Columns
Authors: Abramski Marcin , Chmielnicki Błażej
Published: July 2022

The paper presents the fields of applications of polymer composites in building structures. The use of composite glass fibre tubes is discussed in more detail. The laboratory methods used to test the mechanical properties of these pipes are presented. An original research program is presented, including six concrete-filled glass fibre tubes. The cylinders and columns made in this way were tested for their axial load capacity. Conclusions were formulated regarding the relationship between the load-bearing capacity of the test elements and their length, as well as the angle of glass fibres arrangement in the tube composite.
Response of Elevated Water Tanks Subjected to Lateral Loads
Authors: Kaul Mitresh , Nallasivam K.
Published: July 2022

During previous earthquakes around the world, it was discovered that elevated water tanks were severely damaged or collapsed. As a result, structural engineers are concerned about the analysis of these structures to gain a better understanding of the effects of seismic loads on elevated water tanks. In the current study, E-Tabs software, which is based on finite elements, is used to model various shapes of elevated water tanks along with various staging patterns. The higher stiffness of the supports in cross staging tanks makes them better than normal staging tanks, according to the results of the analysis. Furthermore, circular tanks perform better than other tank shapes when subjected to seismic loads. The study looks at water tanks subjected to static seismic loads. More research is needed to determine the analysis results for the dynamic seismic loads applied to the structure. All the analysis results are derived from the software’s tank analysis results.
Social Awareness of the Circular Economy as an Integral Part of Sustainable Development. Observations from Poland
Authors: Lewandowska Aleksandra , Rogatka Krzysztof , Lopata Ewelina
Published: July 2022

Sustained growth in the number of urban dwellers means that matters concerning the development of modern cities are not only a challenge for current residents, but a global test for the entire population. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and assess social awareness regarding sustainable development, with particular emphasis on matters concerning the circular economy. The study was conducted by means of the CAWI (Computer Assisted (Aided) Web Interviews) method on a sample of 389 respondents from Warsaw, the capital city of Poland. The results imply that although the society has a correct understanding of sustainable development and the circular economy, there is still a continuing need to support further education due to the necessity for wider and more intensive implementation of sustainable development in practice.
Numerical Investigation of Square Footing Positioned on Geocell Reinforced Sand By Using Abaqus Software
Authors: Juneja Gaurav , Sharma Ravi Kumar
Published: July 2022

The usage of geocell reinforcement for foundations supported on weak soil has been increased these days. The purposed study uses FEM-based ABAQUS software to analyse the behaviour of square footing supported on geocell reinforced sands subjected to static vertical loading. Numerical analysis was performed to find the optimum combination of the different geometric parameters of the geocell reinforcement. Three distinct types of sands were employed in the study with relative densities of 30%, 50%, and 70%. The geometric parameters of the geocell, such as the placement depth of geocell (u), the width (b), and the height (h) of the geocell, were modified in relation to the footing width (B) to access the optimum combination ratios. The inclusion of the geocell reinforcement increases the load-carrying capacity up to 5-6 times compared to unreinforced sand. The results obtained from the numerical analysis were intended to correlate well with the experimental data available in the literature.
Development of Riverside Areas in the Context of the Attractiveness for Residents
Authors: Klimek Mateusz , Bosowski Wiktor
Published: July 2022

The aim of this article is to analyze the tourism potential in the riverside areas of selected cities in LubuskieVoivodeship located in the Oder River valleys. The research issue of the article was defined as a way to measure tourist potential in the development of riverside areas. In the research phase, based on the comparative multi-criteria method, special attention was paid to the accessibility of the river for the inhabitants, their usefulness for the recreation, as well as the location of the recreational infrastructures in the river valleys. The presence of infrastructure using the river’s potential is marginal in the shoreline zone of the cities under analysis. Despite the rapid growth of tourist activities its river potential is still being marginalised. The research problem was to determine the tourist potential of selected cities and to identify the cities with the greatest potential, in which the advisability of investment seems to be the most relevant and necessary. The result of considerations carried out using the multi-criteria analysis method is the selection of the city with the greatest tourism potential. Among the surveyed cities, Nowa Sól has the greatest tourist potential.
ANOVA bootstrapped principal components analysis for logistic regression
Authors: Toleva Borislava
Published: July 2022

Principal components analysis (PCA) is often used as a dimensionality reduction technique. A small number of principal components is selected to be used in a classification or a regression model to boost accuracy. A central issue in the PCA is how to select the number of principal components. Existing algorithms often result in contradictions and the researcher needs to manually select the final number of principal components to be used. In this research the author proposes a novel algorithm that automatically selects the number of principal components. This is achieved based on a combination of ANOVA ranking of principal components, the bootstrap and classification models. Unlike the classical approach, the algorithm we propose improves the accuracy of the logistic regression and selects the best combination of principal components that may not necessarily be ordered. The ANOVA bootstrapped PCA classification we propose is novel as it automatically selects the number of principal components that would maximise the accuracy of the classification model.
The influence of recurrent property income and expenditure on house prices in European Union countries: Evidence from a panel model
Authors: Angelovska Julijana , Časni Anita Čeh
Published: July 2022

Land value capture can be defined as a policy approach that allows communities to restore and reinvest land value increases that result from public investment and other government actions. For that reason, public action should generate public benefit. The recurrent property tax, one of many tools for land value capture, is the foundation of a stable, enduring revenue source that supports the provision of essential housing and amenities services. This empirical paper aims to examine the influence of recurrent property tax income, and general government spending on housing and community amenities on house prices. To assess the hypothesized direction of the effects, yearly data structured in a balanced panel on a sample of 26 European Union economies from 2010 to 2019 was used. Fixed effects regression model with Driscoll and Kraay standard errors was employed and the results confirmed a negative but statistically insignificant effect of increased property tax revenue on house prices, while increased expenditure on housing and amenities confirmed a positive and statistically significant effect on house prices dynamics in European Union countries.
The spillover effect of European Union funds between the regions of the new European Union members
Authors: Maras Marin
Published: July 2022

As the differences between the regions are more pronounced than among the countries, NUTS 2 regions of the new members that joined the EU after 2000 are considered. Due to the presence of externalities between the regions, the Solow growth model using interregional externalities is used. This is modelled by spatial econometrics, the method of maximum likelihood. According to previous research, the effects of European funds in the EU on reducing disparities are not unique, but contradictory. From the mentioned research for new members, we can conclude that the research shows a positive effect of European funds on growth rates. There is a noticeable lack of research analyzing the impact of EU funding on new members after the 2008 crisis, including their mutual regional interaction. The aim is to determine the impact of EU funding on reducing regional disparities as measured by GDP per capita. The paper shows that an increase in European funding increases growth rates, thus contributing to the reduction of interregional disparities. European funding, which is mostly targeted at less developed regions, represents an opportunity for new members and potential new members to move closer to more developed old members. The spillover effect of European funds represents the key contribution to the positive effect of EU funds, i.e. the advantage of the application of spatial econometrics. Also, these spillovers have proven to be an important factor whose omission in models estimated by the OLS leads to bias. Regional externalities should be taken into account in regional divisions by regional policymakers, and in creating the distribution of funds for the next programming period. The effect of funding in the region itself without the spillover effect does not contribute to reducing disparities, which represents a future opportunity, especially for the poorest regions, such as the regions in Bulgaria and Romania.
Developing a Mathematical Model for a Green Closed-Loop Supply Chain with a Multi-Objective Gray Wolf Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Dastani Mehdi , Davoodi Sayyed Mohammad Reza , Karbassian Mehdi , Moeini Shahram
Published: July 2022

Intense competition in today’s market and quick change in customer preferences, along with the rapid development of technology and globalization, have forced companies to work as members of a supply chain instead of individual companies. The success of the supply chain depends on the integration and coordination of all its institutions to form an efficient network structure. An efficient network leads to cost savings throughout the supply chain and helps it respond to customer needs faster. Accordingly, and with respect to the importance of the supply chain, in this study a developed mathematical model for the design of a green closed-loop supply chain is presented. In this mathematical model, the economic and environmental objectives are simultaneously optimized. In order to tackle this mathematical model, two methods of epsilon constraint and multi-objective gray wolf optimization (MOGWO) algorithm have been applied. The results of comparisons between the two mentioned methods show that MOGWO reduce the average solving time from about 1300 seconds to 88 seconds. In the last step of this research, in order to show the application of the proposed mathematical model and the method of solving the research problem, it was implemented in the supply chain of Dalan Kouh diary product and the Pareto optimal solutions were analyzed.
A New Model for Scheduling Operations in Modern Agricultural Processes
Authors: Noer Zulhery , Elveny Marischa , Jalil Abduladheem Turki , Iswanto A. Heri , Al-Janabi Samaher , Alkaim Ayad F. , Mullagulova Gulnara , Nikolaeva Natalia , Shichiyakh Rustem Adamovich
Published: July 2022

In recent years, the increase in population and the decrease in agricultural lands and water shortages have caused many problems for agriculture and farmers. That is why scheduling is so important for farmers. Therefore, the implementation of an optimal schedule will lead to better use of agricultural land, reduce water consumption in agriculture, increase efficiency and quality of agricultural products. In this research, a scheduling problem for harvesting agricultural products has been investigated. In this problem, there are n number of agricultural lands that in each land m agricultural operations are performed by a number of machines that have different characteristics. This problem is modeled as a scheduling problem in a flexible workshop flow environment that aims to minimize the maximum completion time of agricultural land. The problem is solved by programming an integer linear number using Gams software. The results show that the proposed mathematical model is only capable of solving small and medium-sized problems, and due to the Hard-NP nature of the problem, large-scale software is not able to achieve the optimal solution.
The Main Trends and Challenges in The Development of the Different Industries During The COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Tikhonov Alexey I. , Sazonov Andrey A. , Kraev Vyacheslav M. , Kuzmina-Merlino Irina
Published: July 2022

The purpose of the research in this article is to investigate the main trends in the development of the different industries during the COVID-19 pandemic, to identify the main problems facing the different industries in the context of the global crisis, as well as to form the basic concepts necessary for a real recovery of the global industry. The authors identify the main problems facing the aviation industry in the developing world crisis and possible ways to solve them. As a working hypothesis, it is proposed to form the basic concepts necessary for preparing and implementing operational measures to restore passenger and cargo aviation. Considering the main threats facing the aviation industry during COVID-19, the article proposes the organizational and economic mechanisms to restore the industry. Furthermore, several recovery scenarios are considered, considering the relevant factors that have a particular impact. Next, a novel mathematical model for pharmaceutical products, which are the most important in COVID-19 pandemics, is proposed. Moreover, the model considers the uncertainty, and a robust optimization approach is applied. The study is based on a comprehensive analysis of documentary data provided by government agencies in several European countries. An analysis of global and Russian passenger traffic for Q1-Q4 (quartile) of 2020 and a development forecast for Q1-Q2 of 2021 is provided. The scenario problems facing the aviation industry in the context of the COVID-19 crisis are identified. There are key concepts necessary to prepare and implement effective measures to restore the aviation industry.
Automatization of Ternary Boolean Algebras
Authors: Kuśmierowski Wojciech , Grabowski Adam
Published: July 2022

The main aim of this article is to introduce formally ternary Boolean algebras (TBAs) in terms of an abstract ternary operation, and to show their connection with the ordinary notion of a Boolean algebra, already present in the Mizar Mathematical Library [2]. Essentially, the core of this Mizar [1] formalization is based on the paper of A.A. Grau “Ternary Boolean Algebras” [7]. The main result is the single axiom for this class of lattices [12]. This is the continuation of the articles devoted to various equivalent axiomatizations of Boolean algebras: following Huntington [8] in terms of the binary sum and the complementation useful in the formalization of the Robbins problem [5], in terms of Sheffer stroke [9]. The classical definition ([6], [3]) can be found in [15] and its formalization is described in [4].

Similarly as in the case of recent formalizations of WA-lattices [14] and quasilattices [10], some of the results were proven in the Mizar system with the help of Prover9 [13], [11] proof assistant, so proofs are quite lengthy. They can be subject for subsequent revisions to make them more compact.
Prime Representing Polynomial
Authors: Pąk Karol
Published: July 2022

The main purpose of formalization is to prove that the set of prime numbers is diophantine, i.e., is representable by a polynomial formula. We formalize this problem, using the Mizar system [1], [2], in two independent ways, proving the existence of a polynomial without formulating it explicitly as well as with its indication.

First, we reuse nearly all the techniques invented to prove the MRDP-theorem [11]. Applying a trick with Mizar schemes that go beyond first-order logic we give a short sophisticated proof for the existence of such a polynomial but without formulating it explicitly. Then we formulate the polynomial proposed in [6] that has 26 variables in the Mizar language as follows (w·z+h+j−q)2+((g·k+g+k)·(h+j)+h−z)2+(2 · k
3·(2·k+2)·(n + 1)2+1−f
2)2+ (p + q + z + 2 · n − e)2 + (e
3 · (e + 2) · (a + 1)2 + 1 − o
2)2 + (x
2 − (a
2 −′ 1) · y
2 − 1)2 + (16 · (a
2 − 1) · r
2 · y
2 · y
2 + 1 − u
2)2 + (((a + u
2 · (u
2 − a))2 − 1) · (n + 4 · d · y)2 + 1 − (x + c · u)2)2 + (m
2 − (a
2 −′ 1) · l
2 − 1)2 + (k + i · (a − 1) − l)2 + (n + l + v − y)2 + (p + l · (a − n − 1) + b · (2 · a · (n + 1) − (n + 1)2 − 1) − m)2 + (q + y · (a − p − 1) + s · (2 · a · (p + 1) − (p + 1)2 − 1) − x)2 + (z + p · l · (a − p) + t · (2 · a · p − p
2 − 1) − p · m)2 and we prove that that for any positive integer k so that k + 1 is prime it is necessary and sufficient that there exist other natural variables a-z for which the polynomial equals zero. 26 variables is not the best known result in relation to the set of prime numbers, since any diophantine equation over ℕ can be reduced to one in 13 unknowns [8] or even less [5], [13]. The best currently known result for all prime numbers, where the polynomial is explicitly constructed is 10 [7] or even 7 in the case of Fermat as well as Mersenne prime number [4]. We are currently focusing our formalization efforts in this direction.
About Graph Sums
Authors: Koch Sebastian
Published: July 2022

In this article the sum (or disjoint union) of graphs is formalized in the Mizar system [4], [1], based on the formalization of graphs in [9].
Improper Integral. Part II
Authors: Endou Noboru
Published: July 2022

In this article, using the Mizar system [2], [3], we deal with Riemann’s improper integral on infinite interval [1]. As with [4], we referred to [6], which discusses improper integrals of finite values.
Assessment of neighborhood sustainability in terms of urban mobility: A case study in Dhaka City, Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Md Hamidur , Mouli Mamata Jafrin , Ashik Fajle Rabbi
Published: July 2022

For achieving sustainable cities, sustainable mobility is one of the key elements. Policymakers around the world are taking different strategies to ensure sustainable urban mobility at the local level. However, sustainable urban mobility assessment at neighborhoods of a developing country received a significant research gap. This study attempts to close this research gap by deriving and comparing neighborhood sustainability based on three indicators: modal share, travel time, and travel cost, in Dhaka city, Bangladesh. Using a two-step cluster model, neighborhoods were grouped into three clusters. Study results classified 41 (44.6%) neighborhoods as sustainable, 30 (32.6%) as potentially sustainable, and 21 (22.8%) as unsustainable neighborhoods due to less positive outcomes of sustainable mobility policies. Later, median income and jobs-housing ratio value for different neighborhood types validated the classification result. Findings from this study reveal insights for transport planners, development agencies, policymakers to identify areas where mobility of the residents needs to be improved on a priority basis; advocate further research on comprehensive sustainability assessment at the neighborhood level.

Highlights for public administration, management and planning:

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There is a significant difference in modal share, travel time, and travel cost in neighborhoods.

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A traditional neighborhood of the city is comparatively more sustainable than newly developed ones.

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Neighborhoods with similar sustainability status tend to be clustered on the city scale.

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Median income and jobs-housing ratio can effectively capture the difference in sustainability level in terms of urban mobility.

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Sustainable urban mobility assessment can contribute city planning and development process.
What places bait investments? Urban management stance
Authors: Sucháček Jan
Published: July 2022

There are only little doubts that territorial competition related to attracting new investments is getting increasingly severe. This competition is closely connected with the wide spectrum of location factors that bear economic as well as social and environmental dimensions. While some of these factors are barely manageable, majority of them can be actively shaped via policies of different kinds and scales. Not surprisingly, intense differentiation applying to both time and spatial perspectives is concomitant to afore mentioned factors. The main objective of this article consists in the analysis and assessment of location factors and mechanisms offered by the managements of Czech towns to potential investors. At the same time, we will examine which location factors and mechanisms these towns regard as important for individual investors. As it turned out, the investment environment in Czechia cannot be considered entirely standard from international perspective, which subsequently rises transaction costs involved in investment location.

Highlights for public administration, management and planning:

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In nearly one half of investigated Czech towns, there are no systemic standardized procedures how to deal with a new investor.

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There are distinct differences between average evaluations of location factors towns consider as important for investment preferences and average evaluations of location factors provided by towns to investors.

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When attracting new investors, towns rely primarily on their own endogenous activities. Individual towns should modify their communication with investors during covid/post-covid times.
Moving towards repolarisation? The population trajectories of medium-sized towns in Lower Lombardy, Italy (2010‒2020)
Authors: Clerici Maria Antonietta
Published: July 2022

Although medium-sized towns are key components in the polycentric structuring of regional spaces, their evolutionary pathways are less clear than those of cities. This paper considers a set of four medium-sized towns with provincial capital status located in the southern zone of Lombardy, on the fringes of a densely urbanised area dominated by Milan. The population trajectories of these towns and their agglomerations (firstand second-belt municipalities) are investigated in the decade from 2010 to 2020, with a descriptive analysis. The research resulted in three main findings: 1) even in a challenging economic climate, the population trends of the towns considered were affected by proximity to the vibrant Milan metropolitan area; 2) all the towns have gone down the route of reurbanisation, but the suburbanisation process is still ongoing and very intense, especially for the Italian population; 3) there are gaps between cores and belts in terms of population distribution by age group and land take intensity, resulting in differing drives for population concentration or deconcentration.

Highlights for public administration, management and planning:

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Medium-sized towns that are more able to “work together as part of a network” enjoy greater population vitality.

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Medium-sized towns are not a unitary group: even in an area featuring similar structural characteristics, their evolutionary dynamics differ, calling for place-based policies.

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A drive for population deconcentration is under way in agglomerations linked to medium-sized towns, powered by certain population groups, which could adversely affect the quest for a sustainable development model.
Behavioural mapping and online data as tools for socio-spatial analysis of public spaces – Bratislava, Slovakia waterfront case study
Authors: Petrtýlová Rebeka , Jaššo Matej
Published: July 2022

Renewal, revitalisation, or reconstruction of public spaces is an inevitable part of the urban dynamics process. However, before any decision of future development is made, it is necessary to be acquainted with the given place. Mapping urban spaces is essential for recognizing the specifics of a certain area, while a relevant analysis should be performed on the basis of multiple data sources. Nonetheless, identification of relevant data sources as well as their limits, which need to be considered, represent challenges in the process. The study aims to highlight the importance of socio-spatial analyses as tools which help to familiarize place makers with public space as well as with the small nuances of its everyday functioning. Relevant online data sources for urban space analysis (Instasights, Strava) and their limits were explored, described, and applied to the area of interest - two banks of the Danube riverfront in Bratislava, Slovakia. The method was supplemented by mapping of human movement and behaviour. The combination of the methods is a relatively fast and simple way to get to know the spatial, social, environmental, aesthetic, and other dimensions of the given space. The interpretation of data illustrates possible outcomes that can be gained through mapping of public spaces before changes or development plans are proposed. Hence, the paper contributes to the repertory of the possible sources of online data that can be used for recognizing the specific characteristics of individual public spaces. This contributes to responsible decision-making about the future of the urban environment, built on data-based arguments.

Highlights for public administration, management and planning:

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Online data represents a valuable source of city-related information as well as a relevant addition to other mapping methods.

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Mapping an area of interest is a necessary step of the data-based planning process and should always precede any development of urban spaces.

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A combination of data from various data sources which reflect life in public space can support user-oriented planning and contribute to responsible decision making.