bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implantação da cantina escolar saudável em escolas do Distrito Federal, Brasil
Authors: Amorim Nina Flávia de Almeida , Schmit Bethsáida de Abreu Soares , Rodrigues Maria de Lourdes Carlos Ferreirinha , Recine Elisabetta Gioconda Iole , Gabriel Cristine Garcia
Published: August 2012

OBJETIVO: Desenvolver e aplicar uma metodologia para avaliar a implantação da cantina escolar saudável em escolas do Distrito Federal. MÉTODOS: Um estudo descritivo e avaliativo sobre uma intervenção educativa realizado em 2006, por meio de um curso de capacitação para proprietários de cantinas, em que foram avaliados a implantação dos Dez Passos da Cantina Escolar Saudável e o perfil de funcionamento da cantina em três momentos (antes do curso, seis meses e dois anos depois). Para avaliação das preparações, criou-se um sistema de classificação em mais ou menos saudáveis. RESULTADOS: Foram capacitados 35 proprietários de cantina; dentre eles, nove participaram dos três momentos de avaliação. Houve uma maior aplicação dos Dez Passos da Cantina Escolar Saudável e um maior oferecimento de lanches mais saudáveis do 1º para o 2º momento, entretanto o 3º momento de avaliação não manteve o mesmo comportamento. Apesar da descontinuidade observada no processo de acompanhamento da intervenção, os participantes buscaram um maior contato com outras cantinas interessadas no desenvolvimento de uma cantina saudável (p=0,002). CONCLUSÃO: O curso de capacitação apresentou resultados positivos, principalmente a curto prazo, entretanto o processo de acompanhamento durante um ano para esse público não foi o suficiente para garantir a sustentabilidade das ações. Para a efetiva implantação e manutenção da cantina saudável é fundamental o acompanhamento sistemático desse processo, apoiado no envolvimento da comunidade escolar e em legislação específica.
Efeito da administração de uma dieta enteral com antioxidantes sobre as concentrações plasmáticas de tióis totais, carbonilas de proteínas e malondialdeído após acidente vascular cerebral
Authors: Yassin Lorene Simioni , Fukui Chika , Pereira Pamela Cristiani Dias , Olandoski Marcia , Aveles Paulo Roberto , Pinto Silvia Carolina , Resnauer Caroline , Nakao Lia Sumie , Morimoto Ivone Ikeda
Published: August 2012

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito da administração de uma dieta enteral industrializada com antioxidantes sobre as concentrações plasmáticas de tióis totais, carbonilas de proteínas e malondialdeído em pacientes após acidente vascular cerebral. MÉTODOS: A amostra foi constituída de 14 pacientes de um hospital geral que iniciaram nutrição enteral 48 horas após o evento. Falência múltipla, insuficiência hepática, obesidade mórbida e diabetes Mellitus associados foram critérios de exclusão. A dieta industrializada ofertada por gotejamento contínuo, com uso de bombas infusoras, continha mix de carotenoides, vitaminas C, E e minerais Se, Zn e Cu em sua formulação. As amostras de sangue foram coletadas antes do início da administração da dieta e após cinco dias de início da dieta enteral, somente de pacientes que tivessem recebido o volume necessário para completar o gasto energético total. Tióis plasmáticos e carbonilas de proteína foram determinados por meio do Reagente de Ellman e pela reação com dinitrofenilhidrazina respectivamente. O malondialdeído foi obtido pela determinação de substâncias reativas do ácido tiobarbitúrico. RESULTADOS: A média de idade foi M=70,3, DP=14,1 anos. Todos receberam acima de 100% da Dietary Reference Intakes para nutrientes antioxidantes, que não ultrapassaram os limites superiores toleráveis de ingestão. Não houve alteração da concentração de tióis, mas houve aumento da formação de carbonilas de proteínas (p=0,034). Nos pacientes entubados, esse marcador mostrou-se significativamente maior (p=0,048) após administração da dieta. Não houve diferença nas concentrações de malondialdeído após a oferta de antioxidantes dietéticos. CONCLUSÃO: A análise de biomarcadores não demonstrou redução do estresse oxidativo após administração de dieta enteral industrializada com antioxidantes.
Hipertensão arterial e orientação domiciliar: o papel estratégico da saúde da família
Authors: Ribeiro Amanda Gomes , Cotta Rosângela Minardi Mitre , Silva Luciana Saraiva da , Ribeiro Sônia Machado Rocha , Dias Cristina Maria Ganns Chaves , Mitre Sandra Minardi , Nogueira-Martins Maria Cezira Fantini
Published: August 2012

OBJETIVO: Analisar a importância, a efetividade e as limitações de estratégias participativas de educação em saúde sobre a problemática da adesão ao tratamento da hipertensão arterial. MÉTODOS: Estudo de caso, intervencional, de abordagem qualiquantitativa com duração de 4 meses. Participaram do estudo 27 mulheres portadoras de hipertensão arterial, com idade entre 45 e 60 anos e cadastradas no Programa de Saúde da Família de Porto Firme, Minas Gerais. Foram comparadas duas modalidades de intervenção visando à orientação de mudanças dietéticas indicadas no tratamento da hipertensão arterial: uma baseada em atividades educativas em grupo, realizadas na Unidade de Atenção Primária à Saúde; e outra combinada pelas atividades educativas em grupo e por orientações domiciliares. Os dados foram obtidos por grupos focais e entrevistas individuais. Para avaliar os dados qualitativos relacionados à adesão, foram analisados, antes e após a intervenção, o peso corporal, o índice de massa corporal, a circunferência de cintura, a pressão arterial, a glicemia e o consumo alimentar. Os dados foram examinados por análise de conteúdo e estatística descritiva. As variáveis coletadas antes e depois da intervenção foram analisadas pelos testes não-paramétricos de Wilcoxon e Mann Whitney. RESULTADOS: As duas estratégias de educação em saúde tiveram efeito positivo sobre a adesão às orientações nutricionais, o que favoreceu mudanças nos hábitos alimentares e na percepção das mulheres em relação à problemática da doença. CONCLUSÃO: A orientação domiciliar destacou-se como importante indutor da consciência sanitária e como fator de envolvimento dos familiares no processo terapêutico, facilitando a adesão ao tratamento da hipertensão arterial.
The effects of bauxite/alumina waste on the composition of the macroinvertebrate community of the Rio Cobre, a major river in Jamaica
Authors: Hyslop Eric Joseph , Nesbeth Damian Arjan
Published: August 2012

The paper sets out the results of a one year study on the effects of bauxite waste discharge on the macroinvertebrate fauna of a Jamaican river, the Rio Cobre, based on monthly samples from four sites. Significantly higher levels of temperature and conductivity were found at the sites downstream of the point of effluent discharge. The invertebrate fauna of the two sites immediately downstream of the point of discharge was dominated by two invertebrate taxa: Baetis sp. (Fam. Baetidae) and Smicridea jamaicensis (Fam. Hydropsychidae).These taxa made up between 26 to 35% of the numbers at these two sites. Upstream of the bauxite waste input the community was dominated by cased caddis larvae of Helicopsyche ochthephila (Fam. Helicopsychidae) and Cubanoptilia tridens (Fam. Glossostomatidae), which also occurred at the site furthest downstream from the waste input. Scrapers dominated at the upstream site whereas collector gatherers were the predominant functional feeding category at the impacted sites. The constituents of the bauxite waste are discussed and it is proposed that the changes in faunal composition which have resulted from waste input may be a consequence of habitat alteration due to increased deposits of suspended material rather than the chemical nature of the waste.
Leguminosae-papilionoideae from the parque estadual das Várzeas do Rio Ivinhema, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil
Authors: Caboco Rafael Brune , Rolim Thiago Prates , Sartori Ângela Lúcia Bagnatori , Sciamarelli Alan
Published: August 2012

This study aims to evaluate the richness of the Papilionoideae species found in the Parque Estadual das Várzeas do Rio Ivinhema (PEVRI), which is located in the southeast region of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, and investigate if the habits of this Leguminosae group vary in different formations of the park. Monthly collections, including all habits, were made by walking along pre-established trails, from September 2004 to September 2009. The PEVRI includes Seasonal Semideciduous Forest, Seasonal Alluvial Semideciduous Forest and fields. Twenty-three species distributed in 16 genera and 5 tribes were recorded. Phaseoleae was noted with 7 genera, followed by Dalbergieae with 6 genera and Desmodieae, Indigofereae and Crotalarieae with only 1 genus in each species. Among the 16 recorded genera, Crotalaria L. (4), Aeschynomene L. (3), Desmodium Desv., and Vigna Savi (2) were the most representative. The Papilionoideae with herbaceous and subshrub habits were predominant in humid and pastures, while arboreous species and lianas were recorded in the Seasonal Semideciduous Forest. Nine species of Papilionoideae were recorded in humid grasslands, eight species in Seasonal Semideciduous Forest, and only one in Alluvial Semideciduous Forest. Papilionoideae found in the PEVRI have also been recorded in cerrado, Seasonal Semideciduous Forest and Pantanal, except Andira inermis, which does not present a reference for Seasonal Alluvial Semideciduous Forest.
Aspectos florísticos da Estação Ecológica de Itapeva, SP: uma unidade de conservação no limite meridional do bioma Cerrado
Authors: Cielo-Filho Roque , Aguiar Osny Tadeu de , Baitello João Batista , Pastore João Aurélio , Toniato Maria Teresa Zugliani , Souza Silvana Cristina Pereira Muniz de , Lima Conceição Rodrigues de , Almeida Renan Soares de , Costa Natalia de Oliveira
Published: August 2012

A Estação Ecológica de Itapeva - EEcI (24º 04' S e 49º 04' W, altitude 750 m), Itapeva, SP, é uma Unidade de Conservação (UC) de proteção integral com cobertura vegetal predominante de cerrado denso e cerradão, cuja ocorrência na região representa o limite meridional de distribuição do cerrado sensu lato. Buscando conhecer a flora regional e supondo a existência de particularidades florísticas devido às condições climáticas locais (ausência de déficit hídrico e incidência de geadas), realizamos um levantamento florístico nesta UC entre fevereiro de 2008 a maio de 2010 e registramos 437 espécies em sete diferentes fisionomias. Nas fisionomias de cerrado sensu lato foram encontradas 346 espécies distribuídas em 87 famílias e 220 gêneros. As famílias mais ricas foram Asteraceae (31 espécies), Fabaceae (27), Myrtaceae (26), Melastomataceae (21), Rubiaceae (15), Lauraceae (12), Bignoniaceae (11) e Poaceae (10). Em relação à riqueza e famílias mais representativas, a flora da EEcI não difere de outros remanescentes de cerrado sensu lato em latitudes mais baixas. Contudo, espécies frequentes naqueles remanescentes - Dimorphandra mollis, Xylopia aromatica, Eugenia aurata e Tocoyena formosa - não foram encontradas na região da área de estudo, provavelmente devido ao efeito de geadas e outros fatores climáticos limitantes. Por outro lado, Annona dioica, Brosimum gaudichaudii, Duguetia furfuracea, Anadenanthera peregrina var. falcata, Caryocar brasiliense e Schefflera vinosa não tinham ocorrência prevista na região de Itapeva por modelos de distribuição geográfica, possivelmente devido à ausência de déficit hídrico. As informações florísticas obtidas neste estudo poderão auxiliar na parametrização desses modelos. A similaridade florística observada entre os extremos fisionômicos de cerrado sensu lato de interflúvio na EEcI: cerradão e cerrado ralo, 26%, foi menor do que a similaridade florística entre a fisionomia campestre úmida e o cerrado ralo (27%), e entre a primeira e o cerrado denso (30%). Portanto, considerando a composição florística como um dos aspectos definidores do tipo de vegetação, a fisionomia campestre úmida pode ser incluída na delimitação de cerrado sensu lato na EEcI. Foram registradas oito espécies ameaçadas de extinção. Devido às dimensões reduzidas da UC, sugerimos a sua ampliação visando maior efetividade na conservação das populações dessas espécies.
Evaluación clínico-radiológica de pacientes tratados con artrodesis posterolateral vs artrodesis circunferencial (360º) en columna lumbosacra: 10 años de experiencia
Authors: Barrera Albaro , Chacón José Gregorio , Vásconez Pablo , García Yaidelys
Published: August 2012

OBJETIVO: Presentar nuestra experiencia en artrodesis posterolateral vs circunferencial (360º) en columna lumbosacra, en 2000-2010. MÉTODOS: Serie clínica de 132 pacientes (61 pacientes: artrodesis 360º y 71 pacientes: artrodesis posterolateral). RESULTADOS: Predominio del sexo femenino 51,5%, promedio de edad de 45,5 años, seguimiento de 60 meses, nivel más intervenido en artrodesis 360º L4-L5 (54,5%) y posterolateral L5-S1 (38,5%) se observó semejanza entre el test de Oswestry y la escala visual análoga del dolor pre y posoperatorio. Radiológicamente se evidenció síndrome transicional en 15,5% en artrodesis posterolateral y 3,2% en artrodesis 360º, 5 casos de fatiga de implante en artrodesis posterolateral y 2 casos en artrodesis 360º, 2 casos de pseudoartrosis en artrodesis posterolateral y circunferencial, 1 caso de infección para cada grupo en estudio. CONCLUSIÓN: Nuestros resultados no reflejan discrepancias funcionales, sin embargo, evidenciamos menos complicaciones en cuanto a síndrome transicional (11 vs 2) y migración del implante (5 vs 2) en artrodesis posterolateral vs artrodesis 360º, aunque sin significancia desde el punto de vista estadístico.
Ferramentas tecnológicas para investigação de autoria
Authors: Zart Lidia Helena Muller , Fraga Dinorá Moraes de
Published: August 2012

Este estudo busca verificar como se dá o processo da autoria, permitido pela tecnologia, nas produções textuais em ambientes digitais, com o uso da internet. Esse ambiente de produção textual no meio digital suscita implicações sobre a concepção de autoria nos textos digitais e sobre práticas escolares em contextos digitais, em que as marcas de um autor individual desaparecem em favor de um autor coletivo constituído pelo hipertexto. Apontamos este aspecto como constituidor da concepção de letramento digital, desenvolvido na perspectiva da autoria segundo a função autor (FOUCAULT, 1996; 2006), e de reprodutibilidade técnica (BENJAMIN, 1994).
Anxiety and inhibition of panic attacks within translational and prospective research contexts
Authors: Cabral Ruan , Nardi Antonio Egídio
Published: August 2012

Basic research involving animal models is an important tool to improve our understanding of clinical conditions related with anxiety and panic attacks. In fact, animal models have been used to study several paradigms on analogous and homologous elements of human anxiety phenomena. However, the direct transposition (translation) to clinical practice of the results obtained with animal models may be restricted by the different constructs used to describe and explain empirical evidence of anxiety phenomena among humans. We aimed to analyze whether theoretical assumptions on the potential inhibitory effects of anxiety on panic could be observed among humans in prospective studies designed to analyze the relationship between anxiety and panic. A systematic literature review including papers published in English language between 1997 and 2011 was undertaken on the MEDLINE database. The search yielded a total of 257 articles, of which 11 were included in the review. In three studies, the global dimension of the anxiety sensitivity construct worked as a facilitator of panic attacks. Six studies showed a positive correlation between the AS-Physical Concerns subfactor and the occurrence of panic attacks, whereas two studies found a greater effect of the AS-Mental Incapacitation Concerns subfactor on panic. There was no evidence that anxiety might act as an inhibitor of panic attacks in humans, and there were no conclusive findings on the possibility that any anxiety construct could contribute toward inhibiting panic attacks. In sum, there seems to be a need for refining descriptions of anxious phenomena addressed both in basic preclinical research and in prospective-longitudinal studies involving humans.
Drug use and antisocial behavior among adolescents attending public schools in Brazil
Authors: Nardi Fernanda Lüdke , Cunha Silvia Mendes da , Bizarro Lisiane , Dell'Aglio Débora Dalbosco
Published: August 2012

INTRODUCTION: Drug use is a social and a public health problem that has been related with antisocial behavior. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between drug use and antisocial behavior among adolescents attending public schools in Brazil. METHOD: A total of 7,176 adolescents from low-income neighborhoods and public schools aged 14 to 19 years were assessed in five geographical regions in Brazil. Data on biosociodemographic characteristics and on drug use and antisocial behavior were assessed from complete answers to a national survey on risk and protective factors among adolescents. RESULTS: Over 80% of the adolescents who used alcohol and cigarettes were between 14 and 17 years old. The percentage of participants with antisocial behaviors was significantly higher among users of marijuana, cocaine, or crack than among adolescents who were not drug users. CONCLUSIONS: Prevention programs aimed at reducing substance use might help to decrease antisocial behaviors.
Evaluation of self‐thinning models and estimation methods in multilayered sessile animal populations
Authors: Cubillo Alhambra M. , Fuentes-Santos Isabel , Peteiro Laura G. , Fernández-Reiriz María José , Labarta Uxío
Published: August 2012

Self‐thinning (ST) models have been widely used in the last decades to describe population dynamics under intraspecific competition in plant and animal communities. Nevertheless, their applicability in animal populations is subjected to the appropriate inclusion of space occupancy and energy requirements. Specifically, the disposition of gregarious sessile animals in complex matrices hampers the application of classical ST models. This paper reviews the self‐thinning models, regression methods (central tendency and frontier techniques) and discrimination criteria currently applied for gregarious sessile species through application to the analysis of mussel populations (Mytilus galloprovincialis) grown in suspended culture. In addition, we propose to model the temporal evolution of site occupancy in the stochastic frontier function (SFF). Our results confirm that the number of layers should be included in the classical bidimensional ST model for the analysis of multilayered populations. The estimated parameters obtained by the different fitting techniques depended on the measurement method of the variables in the model. This, together with the proximity between the space and food self‐thinning theoretical exponents (SST and FST, respectively) highlights the difficulty in discriminating the competition limiting factor (space/food) from the self‐thinning exponent. On the other hand, the SFF provided congruent results for biomass and individual mass analysis, in contrast to the lack of robustness observed for the central tendency regression methods. Furthermore, the SFF approach allowed a dynamic interpretation of the ST process providing insight into the temporal evolution of site occupancy. These results highlight the suitability of the stochastic frontier approach in the analysis of self‐thinning dynamics in sessile animal populations.
Vaught's Theorem on Axiomatizability by a Scheme
Authors: Visser Albert
Published: August 2012

In his 1967 paper Vaught used an ingenious argument to show that every recursively enumerable first order theory that directly interprets the weak system VS of set theory is axiomatizable by a scheme. In this paper we establish a strengthening of Vaught's theorem by weakening the hypothesis of direct interpretability of VS to direct interpretability of the finitely axiomatized fragment VS2of VS. This improvement significantly increases the scope of the original result, since VS is essentially undecidable, but VS2has decidable extensions. We also explore the ramifications of our work on finite axiomatizability of schemes in the presence of suitable comprehension principles.
Three-dimensional evaluation of facial asymmetry in association with unilateral functional crossbite in the primary, early, and late mixed dentition phases
Authors: Primozic Jasmina , Perinetti Giuseppe , Richmond Stephen , Ovsenik Maja
Published: August 2012

Objective:

To assess the degree of facial asymmetry associated with subjects with unilateral functional crossbite (CB) in the primary, early/intermediate, and late mixed dentition phases in comparison with a group of subjects without CB.

Subjects and Methods:

A group of 234 white subjects, 78 with CB (42 girls and 36 boys) and 156 without CB (73 girls and 83 boys), aged 3.9–11.9, grouped according to the dentition phase, were included. Three-dimensional laser scans of the subjects' faces were used to assess facial asymmetry. For each part of the face two-way multivariate analysis of covariance was performed to assess differences among the subjects, and an independent sample t-test was used to assess the significance of the differences between data sets.

Results:

Within all dentition phases, the subjects with CB had statistically significantly greater facial asymmetry of the whole face than the subjects without CB, with the greatest values in the lower part of the face (P < .05). In the middle part of the face a significant difference was observed in the mixed dentition phases.

Conclusions:

Children with unilateral functional CB exhibited a greater facial asymmetry than children without this malocclusion in all the dentition phases herein investigated. The greatest differences were seen for the lower part of the face. Further, facial asymmetry in the middle part of the face became clinically relevant in combination with the transition from primary to mixed dentition phase.
Whither Conceptual History?
Authors: Pernau Margrit
Published: August 2012

The last decade has witnessed a remarkable internationalization in conceptual history. Research covers more countries and languages than ever before, and there have been a number of very good comparative studies. This article reflects on the possibility of taking conceptual history beyond comparison. Like nations, languages can no longer be considered as naturally given entities, but have to be viewed as profoundly shaped by historical exchanges. This brings conceptual history into a dialogue with translation studies in a common attempt to unravel how equivalents between languages have been created by the actors.
Democracy in the Plural?
Authors: Friberg Anna
Published: August 2012

The article explores some of the composite concepts of democracy that were used in Sweden, primarily by the Social Democrats during the interwar years. Should these be seen as pluralizations of the collective singular democracy or as something qualitatively new? By showing how these concepts relate to each other and to democracy as a whole, the article argues that they should be considered statements about democracy as one entity, that democracy did not only concern the political sphere, but was generally important throughout the whole of society. The article also examines the Swedish parliamentarians' attitudes toward democracy after the realization of universal suffrage, and argues that democracy was eventually perceived as such a positive concept that opponents of what was labeled democratic reforms had to reformulate the political issues into different words in order to avoid coming across as undemocratic.
Temporalization of Concepts
Authors: Singh Mohinder
Published: August 2012

This article analyzes the historical semantics of the concept of unnati in the nationalist discourse in Hindi between 1870 and 1900. The article first outlines the basic features of the Enlightenment concept of progress using Koselleck's analysis. It then goes on to discuss the place of the concept of progress in the colonial ideology of a “civilizing mission,“ and concludes by taking up the analysis of the usage of the term unnati in the nationalist discourse in North India.
Power Control Design for Variable-Speed Wind Turbines
Authors: Vidal Yolanda , Acho Leonardo , Luo Ningsu , Zapateiro Mauricio , Pozo Francesc
Published: August 2012

This paper considers power generation control in variable-speed variable-pitch horizontal-axis wind turbines operating at high wind speeds. A dynamic chattering torque control and a proportional integral (PI) pitch control strategy are proposed and validated using the National Renewable Energy Laboratory wind turbine simulator FAST (Fatigue, Aerodynamics, Structures, and Turbulence) code. Validation results show that the proposed controllers are effective for power regulation and demonstrate high-performances for all other state variables (turbine and generator rotational speeds; and smooth and adequate evolution of the control variables) for turbulent wind conditions. To highlight the improvements of the provided method, the proposed controllers are compared to relevant previously published studies.
2,3-Dihydro-1H-cyclopenta[b]quinoline Derivatives as Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors—Synthesis, Radiolabeling and Biodistribution
Authors: Szymański Paweł , Lázničková Alice , Lázniček Milan , Bajda Marek , Malawska Barbara , Markowicz Magdalena , Mikiciuk-Olasik Elżbieta
Published: August 2012

In the present study we describe the synthesis and biological assessment of new tacrine analogs in the course of inhibition of acetylcholinesterase. The obtained molecules were synthesized in a condensation reaction between activated 6-BOC-hydrazinopyridine-3-carboxylic acid and 8-aminoalkyl derivatives of 2,3-dihydro-1H-cyclopenta[b]quinoline. Activities of the newly synthesized compounds were estimated by means of Ellman’s method. Compound 6h (IC50 = 3.65 nM) was found to be most active. All obtained novel compounds present comparable activity to that of tacrine towards acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and, simultaneously, lower activity towards butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Apart from 6a, all synthesized compounds are characterized by a higher affinity for AChE and a lower affinity for BChE in comparison with tacrine. Among all obtained molecules, compound 6h presented the highest selectivity towards inhibition of acetylcholinesterase. Molecular modeling showed that all compounds demonstrated a similar binding mode with AChE and interacted with catalytic and peripheral sites of AChE. Also, a biodistribution study of compound 6a radiolabeled with 99mTc was performed.
Effect of AlF3 on the Density and Elastic Properties of Zinc Tellurite Glass Systems
Authors: Sidek Haji Abdul Aziz , Rosmawati Shaharuddin , Halimah Mohamed Kamari , Matori Khamirul Amin , Talib Zainal Abidin
Published: August 2012

This paper presents the results of the physical and elastic properties of the ternary zinc oxyfluoro tellurite glass system. Systematic series of glasses (AlF3)x(ZnO)y(TeO2)z with x = 0–19, y = 0–20 and z = 80, 85, 90 mol% were synthesized by the conventional rapid melt quenching technique. The composition dependence of the physical, mainly density and molar volume, and elastic properties is discussed in term of the AlF3 modifiers addition that are expected to produce quite substantial changes in their physical properties. The absence of any crystalline peaks in the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the present glass samples indicates the amorphous nature. The addition of AlF3 lowered the values of the densities in ternary oxyfluorotellurite glass systems. The longitudinal and transverse ultrasonic waves propagated in each glass sample were measured using a MBS8020 ultrasonic data acquisition system. All the velocity data were taken at 5 MHz frequency and room temperature. The longitudinal modulus (L), shear modulus (G), Young’s modulus (E), bulk modulus (K) and Poisson’s ratio () are obtained from both velocities data and their respective density. Experimental data shows the density and elastic moduli of each AlF3-ZnO-TeO2 series are found strongly depend upon the glass composition. The addition of AlF3 modifiers into the zinc tellurite causes substantial changes in their density, molar volume as well as their elastic properties.
Diterpenoids from the Buds of Pinus banksiana Lamb.
Authors: Georges Patricia , Legault Jean , Lavoie Serge , Grenon Carole , Pichette André
Published: August 2012

Three new diterpenoids, namely 7α-hydroxyabieta-8,11,13,15-tetraen-18-oic acid, 7β,15,18-trihydroxyabieta-8,11,13-triene, 13,15-dihydroxypodocarpa-8,11,13-triene, and 12 other known compounds were isolated from buds of Pinus banksiana Lamb. All these compounds, except for 7-oxodehydroabietinol, were isolated for the first time from this plant. Their structures were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic studies and comparison with published data. All isolated compounds were tested for cytotoxic and antibacterial activities. Overall, two compounds, 7-oxodehydroabietinol and 18-nor-4,15-dihydroxyabieta-8,11,13-trien-7-one, showed moderate cytotoxicity against a human lung carcinoma cell line.
All-Solid-State Textile Batteries Made from Nano-Emulsion Conducting Polymer Inks for Wearable Electronics
Authors: Wei Di , Cotton Darryl , Ryhänen Tapani
Published: August 2012

A rollable and all-solid-state textile lithium battery based on fabric matrix and polymer electrolyte that allows flexibility and fast-charging capability is reported. When immerged into poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) nano-emulsion inks, an insulating fabric is converted into a conductive battery electrode for a fully solid state lithium battery with the highest specific energy capacity of 68 mAh/g. This is superior to most of the solid-state conducting polymer primary and/or secondary batteries reported. The bending radius of such a textile battery is less than 1.5 mm while lightening up an LED. This new material combination and inherent flexibility is well suited to provide an energy source for future wearable and woven electronics.
Dietary Patterns of Infants and Toddlers Are Associated with Nutrient Intakes
Authors: Smithers Lisa G. , Golley Rebecca K. , Brazionis Laima , Emmett Pauline , Northstone Kate , Lynch John W.
Published: August 2012

Dietary patterns are a useful summary measure of diet. Few studies have examined the nutrient profiles underpinning the dietary patterns of young children. The study aim is to determine whether dietary patterns at 6 and 15 months of age are associated with nutrient intakes at 8 and 18 months, respectively. Participants were children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children who had complete dietary pattern and nutrient intake data (n = 725 at 6–8 months, n = 535 at 15–18 months). The association between tertiles of dietary pattern scores and nutrient intake was examined using a non-parametric test for trend. Scores on the home-made traditional pattern (6–8 months) were positively associated with median energy intake. Each dietary pattern had different associations with energy-adjusted intakes of macro- and micro-nutrients. At both times, the discretionary pattern was positively and the ready-prepared baby foods pattern was negatively associated with sodium intake. At 6–8 months, calcium and iron intakes decreased across scores on the home-made traditional and breastfeeding patterns, but increased across the ready-prepared baby food patterns. These findings highlight that dietary patterns in infants and toddlers vary in their underlying energy and nutrient composition.
Pre-Exercise Hyperhydration-Induced Bodyweight Gain Does Not Alter Prolonged Treadmill Running Time-Trial Performance in Warm Ambient Conditions
Authors: Gigou Pierre-Yves , Dion Tommy , Asselin Audrey , Berrigan Felix , Goulet Eric D. B.
Published: August 2012

This study compared the effect of pre-exercise hyperhydration (PEH) and pre-exercise euhydration (PEE) upon treadmill running time-trial (TT) performance in the heat. Six highly trained runners or triathletes underwent two 18 km TT runs (~28 °C, 25%–30% RH) on a motorized treadmill, in a randomized, crossover fashion, while being euhydrated or after hyperhydration with 26 mL/kg bodyweight (BW) of a 130 mmol/L sodium solution. Subjects then ran four successive 4.5 km blocks alternating between 2.5 km at 1% and 2 km at 6% gradient, while drinking a total of 7 mL/kg BW of a 6% sports drink solution (Gatorade, USA). PEH increased BW by 1.00 ± 0.34 kg (P < 0.01) and, compared with PEE, reduced BW loss from 3.1% ± 0.3% (EUH) to 1.4% ± 0.4% (HYP) (P < 0.01) during exercise. Running TT time did not differ between groups (PEH: 85.6 ± 11.6 min; PEE: 85.3 ± 9.6 min, P = 0.82). Heart rate (5 ± 1 beats/min) and rectal (0.3 ± 0.1 °C) and body (0.2 ± 0.1 °C) temperatures of PEE were higher than those of PEH (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in abdominal discomfort and perceived exertion or heat stress between groups. Our results suggest that pre-exercise sodium-induced hyperhydration of a magnitude of 1 L does not alter 80–90 min running TT performance under warm conditions in highly-trained runners drinking ~500 mL sports drink during exercise.
The Contribution of Multilateral Nuclear Approaches (MNAs) to the Sustainability of Nuclear Energy
Authors: Tazaki Makiko , Kuno Yusuke
Published: August 2012

Multilateral Nuclear Approaches (MNAs) is a concept of international and/or multilateral control of nuclear material and/or nuclear fuel cycle facilities. It is a strategy for contributing to and promoting the sustainability of nuclear energy while enhancing nuclear nonproliferation, by ensuring nuclear fuel supplies and fuel cycle services, and risk control and reducing risk regarding nuclear safety. In order to establish such a MNA, the authors draw out 12 features of the MNA by analyzing various past and current MNA proposals, together with the current environment surrounding nuclear energy use. Those proposals are: (A) nuclear nonproliferation, (B) assurance of supply of nuclear material and fuel cycle services, (C) access to technologies, (D) multilateral involvement, (E) siting—choice of host state, (F) legal aspects, (G) political and public acceptance, (H) economics, (I) nuclear safety, (J) nuclear liability, (K) transportation, and (L) geopolitics. These proposals are also expected to serve as a guidepost and evaluation criteria of MNA.
Exploring Hofstede’s Cultural Dimension Using Hollins’ Structured Dialogue to Attain a Conduit for Effective Intercultural Experiences
Authors: Owusu-Ansah Angela
Published: August 2012

The need for better intercultural relations among majority and minority students on university campuses persists largely because of the inability of both groups to understand one another culturally. The surge of hate crimes in 2008-2009, at universities such as Columbia University, University of Maryland, and the University of North Carolina-Charlotte, reawakened attention to the latent existing majority-minority campus tension. In addition, the impetus for increase in the number of diverse students at universities fails to take into account the need for adequate dialogue on diverse cultures necessary for enhanced civil co-existence (at the very least) of majority and minority students on university campuses. Consequently, a six-month study was conducted on a university campus, involving majority and minority students in structured dialogue discussing cultural theory in relation to their life experiences. The qualitative study sought to determine whether increased knowledge of a cultural theory through structured dialogue among diverse students affected college students’ perceptions of intercultural interactions. This chapter reports about the findings and implications for colleges and universities.
Transformative Learning and Educational Technology Integration in a Post-Totalitarian Context
Authors: Griswold Wendy
Published: August 2012

This study focuses on the professional development experiences of teachers in the Altai Republic, Russian Federation. The Russian educational system is undergoing computerization, and teachers are learning to integrate educational technology into classroom practice. This qualitative study explored the potential perspective transformation experienced by teachers, using multiple sources of evidence (interviews with program and school administrators, school teachers, observation). Findings indicated that teachers are beginning to think and act in new ways based on their experiences with educational technology. Teachers are also collaborating in this learning process, which provides an important support for continued learning and growth. Findings also indicate transformative learning theory (TLT) is a useful framework for exploring transformative learning in this non-Western setting and helped to uncover elements of transformative learning which may be culturally determined.
Quality Matters in Transcultural Blended Learning and Teaching in Postsecondary Education
Authors: Jean Francois Emmanuel
Published: August 2012

Quality matters in transcultural blended learning and teaching in postsecondary education. The purpose of this chapter is to introduce a framework for quality assurance in transcultural blended learning and teaching in postsecondary education. The framework includes a transcultural blend of institutional fitness, teaching effectiveness, and learning outcomes. The institutional outcomes encompass factors such as institutional leadership, administrative and logistic supports, and the accreditation standards. Teaching effectiveness includes the overall curriculum design and the delivery of courses. The learning outcomes concern the knowledge, skills, and behaviors that stakeholders expect students to exhibit after attending a blended learning program or course.
Intercultural Issues in Graduate Blended Learning Environments
Authors: Hyatt L. , Schroeder Laurie , Montes Adonay A.
Published: August 2012

This chapter reports on an exploratory case study of intercultural issues in graduate blended learning environments. As U.S. Universities strive to increase the diversity among student, faculty, and staff populations, culture is beginning to emerge in the literature as a potential variable in the efficacy of virtual and blended course delivery (Al-Harthi, 2005; Ku & Lohr, 2003; Zhao & McDougall, 2008). Still in its nascent stages, there is scant research on the topic of technology mediated graduate courses and even less on culture as a pivotal element of blended learning environments in graduate education. Findings from this study indicated that participants agreed blended courses offered opportunities to balance work, family, and school obligations; however, a majority of participants also noted that intercultural issues were prevalent and played a role in how blended courses were viewed. The results of this study have implications for university faculty and administrators who serve diverse student populations.
Tracing Emotion
Authors: Cowie Roddy , McKeown Gary , Douglas-Cowie Ellen
Published: August 2012

Computational research with continuous representations depends on obtaining continuous representations from human labellers. The main method used for that purpose is tracing. Tracing raises a range of challenging issues, both psychological and statistical. Naive assumptions about these issues are easy to make, and can lead to inappropriate requirements and uses. The natural function of traces is to capture perceived affect, and as such they belong in long traditions of research on both perception and emotion. Experiments on several types of material provide information about their characteristics, particularly the ratings on which people tend to agree. Disagreement is not necessarily a problem in the technique. It may correctly show that people’s impressions of emotion diverge more than commonly thought. A new system, Gtrace, is designed to let rating studies capitalise on a decade of experience and address the research questions that are opened up by the data now available.
Advocating a Componential Appraisal Model to Guide Emotion Recognition
Authors: Mortillaro Marcello , Meuleman Ben , Scherer Klaus R.
Published: August 2012

Most models of automatic emotion recognition use a discrete perspective and a black-box approach, i.e., they output an emotion label chosen from a limited pool of candidate terms, on the basis of purely statistical methods. Although these models are successful in emotion classification, a number of practical and theoretical drawbacks limit the range of possible applications. In this paper, the authors suggest the adoption of an appraisal perspective in modeling emotion recognition. The authors propose to use appraisals as an intermediate layer between expressive features (input) and emotion labeling (output). The model would then be made of two parts: first, expressive features would be used to estimate appraisals; second, resulting appraisals would be used to predict an emotion label. While the second part of the model has already been the object of several studies, the first is unexplored. The authors argue that this model should be built on the basis of both theoretical predictions and empirical results about the link between specific appraisals and expressive features. For this purpose, the authors suggest to use the component process model of emotion, which includes detailed predictions of efferent effects of appraisals on facial expression, voice, and body movements.
In Defense of Dominance
Authors: Broekens Joost
Published: August 2012

Factor-based models of emotion (affect) are often used in the field of emotion modeling and emotion measurement, in particular the three factor model commonly known as Pleasure, Arousal, and Dominance (PAD). This article addresses computational use and usefulness of the third factor, i.e., Dominance. The claim made in this article is that Dominance should be seriously considered when modeling or measuring affect. More concretely, it presents an easy to understand conceptual description of Dominance, followed by cases in which Dominance was instrumental in modeling synthetic affect, as well as cases in which Dominance was instrumental in measuring user affect. Finally, it relates the PAD factor model to appraisal dimensions.
The early Browning: Pastoral care in a pluralistic age and the method of practical moral inquiry
Authors: Hestenes Mark
Published: August 2012

The past president of the International Academy of Practical Theology, Prof. Donald Browning, has written books and articles across a wide variety of topics concerning the correlation of many great fields of knowledge, including theology, psychology, philosophy, sociology, practical theology, ethics, family therapy and ecology over the past 40 years. Prof. Browning passed away on 03 June 2010. This left the author of this article with a desire to begin to reassess some of Browning’s earlier reflections regarding his vision of pastoral care in a pluralistic age and the importance of his method of practical moral inquiry.
Ten-year trends of atmospheric mercury in the high Arctic compared to Canadian sub-Arctic and mid-latitude sites
Authors: Cole A. S. , Steffen A. , Aspmo Pfaffhuber K. , Berg T. , Pilote M. , Poissant L. , Tordon R. , Hung H.
Published: August 2012

Abstract. Global emissions of mercury continue to change at the same time as the Arctic is experiencing ongoing climatic changes. Continuous monitoring of atmospheric mercury provides important information about long-term trends in the balance between transport, chemistry, and deposition of this pollutant in the Arctic atmosphere. Ten-year records of total gaseous mercury (TGM) were analyzed from two high Arctic sites at Alert (Nunavut, Canada) and Zeppelin Station (Svalbard, Norway); one sub-Arctic site at Kuujjuarapik (Nunavik, Québec, Canada); and three temperate Canadian sites at St. Anicet (Québec), Kejimkujik (Nova Scotia) and Egbert (Ontario). Five of the six sites examined show a decreasing trend over this time period. Overall trend estimates at high latitude sites were: −0.9% yr−1 (95% confidence limits: −1.4, 0) at Alert and no trend (−0.5, +0.7) at Zeppelin Station. Faster decreases were observed at the remainder of the sites: −2.1% yr−1 (−3.1, −1.1) at Kuujjuarapik, −1.9% yr−1 (−2.1, −1.8) at St. Anicet, −1.6% yr−1 (−2.4, −1.0) at Kejimkujik and −2.2% yr−1 (−2.8, −1.7) at Egbert. Trends at the sub-Arctic and mid-latitude sites agree with reported decreases in background TGM concentration since 1996 at Mace Head, Ireland, and Cape Point, South Africa, but conflict with estimates showing an increase in global anthropogenic emissions over a similar period. Trends in TGM at the two high Arctic sites were not only less negative (or neutral) overall but much more variable by season. Possible reasons for differences in seasonal and overall trends at the Arctic sites compared to those at lower latitudes are discussed, as well as implications for the Arctic mercury cycle. The first calculations of multi-year trends in reactive gaseous mercury (RGM) and total particulate mercury (TPM) at Alert were also performed, indicating increases from 2002 to 2009 in both RGM and TPM in the spring when concentrations are highest.
Performance of a low-cost methane sensor for ambient concentration measurements in preliminary studies
Authors: Eugster W. , Kling G. W.
Published: August 2012

Abstract. Methane is the second most important greenhouse gas after CO2 and contributes to global warming. Its sources are not uniformly distributed across terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and most of the methane flux is expected to stem from hotspots which often occupy a very small fraction of the total landscape area. Continuous time-series measurements of CH4 concentrations can help identify and locate these methane hotspots. Newer, low-cost trace gas sensors such as the Figaro TGS 2600 can detect CH4 even at ambient concentrations. Hence, in this paper we tested this sensor under real-world conditions over Toolik Lake, Alaska, to determine its suitability for preliminary studies before placing more expensive and service-intensive equipment at a given locality. A reasonably good agreement with parallel measurements made using a Los Gatos Research FMA 100 methane analyzer was found after removal of the strong sensitivities for temperature and relative humidity. Correcting for this sensitivity increased the absolute accuracy required for in-depth studies, and the reproducibility between two TGS 2600 sensors run in parallel is very good. We conclude that the relative CH4 concentrations derived from such sensors are sufficient for preliminary investigations in the search of potential methane hotspots.
Predicting photosynthesis and transpiration responses to ozone: decoupling modeled photosynthesis and stomatal conductance
Authors: Lombardozzi D. , Levis S. , Bonan G. , Sparks J. P.
Published: August 2012

Abstract. Plants exchange greenhouse gases carbon dioxide and water with the atmosphere through the processes of photosynthesis and transpiration, making them essential in climate regulation. Carbon dioxide and water exchange are typically coupled through the control of stomatal conductance, and the parameterization in many models often predict conductance based on photosynthesis values. Some environmental conditions, like exposure to high ozone (O3) concentrations, alter photosynthesis independent of stomatal conductance, so models that couple these processes cannot accurately predict both. The goals of this study were to test direct and indirect photosynthesis and stomatal conductance modifications based on O3 damage to tulip poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) in a coupled Farquhar/Ball-Berry model. The same modifications were then tested in the Community Land Model (CLM) to determine the impacts on gross primary productivity (GPP) and transpiration at a constant O3 concentration of 100 parts per billion (ppb). Modifying the Vcmax parameter and directly modifying stomatal conductance best predicts photosynthesis and stomatal conductance responses to chronic O3 over a range of environmental conditions. On a global scale, directly modifying conductance reduces the effect of O3 on both transpiration and GPP compared to indirectly modifying conductance, particularly in the tropics. The results of this study suggest that independently modifying stomatal conductance can improve the ability of models to predict hydrologic cycling, and therefore improve future climate predictions.