bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Religious Melancholy and Protestant Experience in America
Authors: Rubin Julius H
Published: November 2023

This original examination of the spiritual narratives of conversion in the history of American Protestant evangelical religion reveals an interesting paradox. Fervent believers who devoted themselves completely to the challenges of making a Christian life, who longed to know God’s rapturous love, all too often languished in despair, feeling forsaken by God. Ironically, those most devoted to fostering the soul’s maturation neglected the well-being of the psyche. Drawing upon many sources, including unpublished diaries and case studies of patients treated in nineteenth-century asylums, Julius Rubin’s fascinating study thoroughly explores religious melancholy—as a distinctive stance toward life, a grieving over the loss of God’s love, and an obsession and psychopathology associated with the spiritual itinerary of conversion. The varieties of this spiritual sickness include sinners who would fast unto death (“evangelical anorexia nervosa”), religious suicides, and those obsessed with unpardonable sin. From colonial Puritans like Michael Wigglesworth to contemporary evangelicals like Billy Graham, among those who directed the course of evangelical religion and of their followers, Rubin shows that religious melancholy has shaped the experience of self and identity for those who sought rebirth as children of God.
The Assurance of Things Hoped For
Authors: Avery Dulles S J
Published: November 2023

Christian theology has from the earliest years pointed to faith as the necessary path by which humans were to enter into a saving relationship with God. Faith has been taken to be the fundamental Christian virtue, the indispensable prerequisite for hope, charity, and good works. In this book, a leading Roman Catholic theologian provides an overview of the massive classical and contemporary literature on faith, and presents his own systematic theology of this essential factor of Christian life. In the first part of the book, Avery Dulles considers the biblical foundations of the theology of faith, and examines in detail the history of theological reflection on the subject, from the fathers of the early church through such modern thinkers as Tillich, Barth, Rahner, and Lonergan. The second part offers Dulles's own systematic synthesis, exploring such topics as the nature and object of faith; the birth, growth, and loss of faith; and faith and salvation. A major contribution by one of America's foremost contemporary theologians, this book will be of great interest to an ecumenical cross-section of Christian scholars and students of theology.
England’s American Colonies And Race Theories
Authors: Gossett Thomas F
Published: November 2023

ALTHOUGH in the seventeenth century race theories had not as yet developed any strong scientific or theological rationale, the contact of the English with Indians, and soon afterward with Negroes, in the New World led to the formation of institutions and relationships which were later justified by appeals to race theories. In the area of race relations the experience of the English as colonists was both similar to and different from that of the Spanish. Like the Spaniards, the Englishmen frequently professed that conversion of the Indians and Negroes was one of their chief aims. On the other hand, they did not succeed so well as did the Spanish in converting the Indians or in assimilating Indians and Negroes into their own society.
Eighteenth-Century Anthropology
Authors: Gossett Thomas F
Published: November 2023

IN 1684, Franc;;ois Bernier, a French physician who had traveled widely, published an article in a Paris journal on the subject of human differences. “The geographers up until this point,” says Bernier, “have divided the world only according to the different countries or regions.” His own travel had suggested to him a different method of classification-that based upon the facial lineaments and bodily conformations of the people. For Bernier, there are four general classifications of what would now be called races-the Europeans, the Far Easterners, the “blacks,” and the Lapps. The Indians of America are not a separate people, he maintains, although he does not specify to which of the four categories they belong.’
The Study of Language and Literature
Authors: Gossett Thomas F
Published: November 2023

A MOVEMENT similar to the Teutonic origins theory was the attempt to equate race and language. Since languages were known to have a long history, so the theory ran, perhaps it would be possible by philological comparison to determine basic racial affinities among peoples. Those peoples whose languages were similar might generally be assumed to be of the same race or at least of closely related races. Toward the end of the eighteenth century, Sir William Jones, the British orientalist, was contending that the relationships of most of the languages of modern Europe could be explained only under the assumption that they all had a common ancestral tongue. The original language, Jones believed, had long since disappeared, but Sanskrit was its closest surviving relative. Jones’s theory was later greatly expanded by the German linguist Franz Bopp, who argued that all modern European languages except Finnish, Turkish, Magyar, and Basque were related to one another and that they had a common ancestral tongue similar to Sanskrit. Neither Jones nor Bopp, however, was moved to draw racial implications from the suggestion that the languages were related.1
The Social Gospel and Race
Authors: Gossett Thomas F
Published: November 2023

IT IS HARD to think of any period in which religious thought underwent a more painful readjustment than in that following the publication of Darwin’s Origin of Species in 1859. It was not merely that conceptions of man’s origin and the inerrancy of scripture had to be revised, although these are the aspects of the battle that are best known. Nor was it merely that the theory of evolution led to the Social Darwinist thought in which it was considered wrong to help the poor and helpless, an idea difficult to square with Christianity. The clergymen of the time who made an effort to keep abreast of contemporary thought could hardly afford to ignore evolution or fail to realize that the theory had important implications for their faith. Still another effect of the theory of evolution—and the one which most directly concerns us here—was that it provided new arguments for the superiority and inferiority of races, arguments which the clergy-men had to face.
The Status of the Negro: 1865-1915
Authors: Gossett Thomas F
Published: November 2023

FOR A LONG TIME the opponents of racial injustice were obliged to appeal almost exclusively to the altruism of the dominant white race. They could, of course, point out the equivocal nature of many of the racists’ conclusions, but the racists had the immense advantage of the strong backing of scientists and social scientists. A striking feature of the literature of racism in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries is the patient way in which the racists explain “scientific fact” to their opponents. The attitude of the anti-racists is frequently hesitant, especially when they are dealing with questions of inherent inequality among the races. And often this “anti-racism” is—by modern standards, at least—filled with ideas which are themselves racist.1 When a modern reader comes across the extreme racism of southern political leaders of sixty years ago, he is likely to equate their statements with those of the more extreme White Citizens Councils of today.
Imperialism and The Anglo-Saxon
Authors: Gossett Thomas F
Published: November 2023

ALTHOUGH A BELIEF in the superiority of the Anglo-Saxon was not the ostensible cause for which the United States went to war with Spain in 1898, this theme often engaged the attention of proponents of the war. The war was no exception to Dr. Albert Shaw’s thesis that “the power and persistence of ideas lie at the base of all historical movements.” The great theme of the war was, of course, that Spain was a malefactor nation who deserved the punishment of losing her colonies; but it was also argued that the peculiar virtues of the Anglo-Saxon made it desirable as well as necessary that he should expand his dominion abroad.
Racism in the 1920’s
Authors: Gossett Thomas F
Published: November 2023

DURING THE wAR, the energies of the American people were mainly channeled into immediate practical objectives. When the victory had been won, however, the passions and resentments which usually had been restrained for the sake of national unity were freer to indulge themselves. The factory and industrial workers—many of whom were immigrants or the children of immigrants from southern and eastern Europe—were determined to improve their economic position, through strikes if necessary. The Negro, aware from his experience in Europe that ideas of racial caste were by no means universal, was determined to better his position in this country. And the Americans of the older ethnic groups were more and more intent upon holding the line against the rise in status of ethnic groups they believed to be inferior.
The Battle Against Prejudice
Authors: Gossett Thomas F
Published: November 2023

AN ADEQUATE HISTORY of the rebels against racial prejudice would be a lengthy book, but—at least up until the last forty years or so—it would consist mainly of a discouraging repetition of humanitarian protests against injustice, protests which were generally either derided or ignored. It may be, however, that we owe more than we realize to early opponents of racism. Prejudice against ethnic minorities in this country has been immensely strong. Sometimes it has approached the point at which it seemed doubtful whether some ethnic groups were to be considered human at all, but there has always remained a nagging doubt that they might be. Prejudice never reached the point in this country, as it did in Nazi Germany, at which there was a widespread and concerted effort to destroy a whole people. That it did not is largely owing to the people who kept the conscience of the nation alive with regard to the injustice done to minority groups.
The Gospel of John in the Sixteenth Century
Authors: Farmer Craig S
Published: November 2023

This study of Johannine exegesis in the sixteenth century covers nearly every important commentator on John from the first half of the century, and examines the medieval and patristic traditions on which they drew. But while comprehensive in its scope, this book centers on the John commentary of Wolfgang Musculus (1497- 1563), an influential leader of the Protestant Reformation in the cities of Augsburg and Bern. As a theologian and biblical scholar, he authored a large number of theological and exegetical works which remained popular well into the seventeenth century. Despite his influence, however, Musculus has been virtually ignored by modern scholarship on the Reformation.
Sixth Ezra
Authors: Bergren Theodore A
Published: November 2023

6 Ezra is a short, oracular writing that is included in the biblical Apocrypha as the final two chapters (chapters 15-16) of 4 Ezra or 2 Esdras. Cast as the words of God mediated through an unnamed prophet, the main part of the work sets forth predictions of impending doom for the world. It is reminiscent of, and stands in the tradition of, Jewish and Christian prophetic writings that enunciate God’s woes and threats against a sinful humanity, and envisage imminent destruction on the earth as a result. 6 Ezra is also concerned to exhort a group of God’s chosen people to remain faithful and resist sin in order to escape the impending destruction. There has never been a major study of 6 Ezra or even a complete critical edition of the book, and indeed little has been written about it since the nineteenth century. This book is designed to fill that gap, offering a detailed analysis of the text itself, and addressing the question of its social setting, provenance, date, religious affiliation, and recensional situation of the text. It will also serve to make this important text accesible to a wider audience, while laying the foundations for its further study.
Introduction
Authors: Warren Heather A
Published: November 2023

THIS IS THE STORY of how a group of Protestant theologians forged a theology of international engagement for America in the 1930s and ‘40s. It tells how in doing so they informed the public rationale for the United States’ participation in World War II and stimulated American leadership in establishing both secular and religious international organizations for the promotion of world order. Among the members of this group were Henry P. Van Dusen, Reinhold Niebuhr, John Bennett, Francis P. Miller, Georgia Harkness, and Samuel McCrea Cavert. In creating a coherent, theologically derived position and then bringing it to bear on contemporary international issues, this group combined ideas with public action in a way that set the standard for American theologians’ social activism in the years to come. They did this by explaining the import of world events in religious terms that the laity understood, providing a moral calculus to apply to the particular issues leading to war, such as racist nationalisms. They established a reputation for themselves as a “prophetic” band by criticizing the then-dominant liberal theological tradition and the existing social order.
Fontes argumentorum and capita doctrinae: Method and Argument in Calvin’s Construction of loci and disputationes
Authors: Muller Richard A
Published: November 2023

The reader of any modern edition of Calvin’s Institutes could easily infer, from the most cursory glance at the text, that Calvin envisaged a profound relationship between the study of his Institutes and the understanding of Scripture, for citations of Scripture abound on every page.
Emerging From Nonduality Koan Practice In The Rinzai Tradition Since Hakuin
Authors: Mohr Michel
Published: November 2023

Recent Debates on methodological issues applied to Buddhist studies have both multiplied the approaches at our disposal and refined our perceptions of the domain under study by questioning some common convictions about the nature of the Buddhist tradition. The first steps in this direction have been critical assessments of how the tradition has presented itself as well as how many Westerners have wanted to interpret and epitomize it. However, this useful task of analyzing the tradition and its reception by the scholarly and nonscholarly audience leaves us with a number of new difficulties. For example, some interpreters have overlooked crucial issues in historical criticism by focusing instead on a questioning of the centrality of “awakening” in Buddhism, as if the word itself cannot be used without quotation marks, perhaps to show that nobody really gives credence to the “mystical claim” implied in what is actually a technical term used in a variety of ways in the source materials.
Occom’s Razor and Ridge’s Masquerade (18th-19th Century)
Authors: Weaver Jace
Published: November 2023

Did Samson Occom shave? His portrait shows no hint of shadow. In his depiction, he resembles nothing so much as an ever so slightly dusky Dr. Johnson. Occom’s implement of the title refers, in this case, neither to a straight-edged blade nor to the rule of logic and theology but to the precise, careful, subtle, and razorlike manner in which he employed the only tools at his disposal, a shrewd intellect and a gift with words, in order to promote communitist values by critiquing the White power structure of his day even while being a marginal figure it it.
Assimilation, Apocalypticism, and Reform (1900—1967)
Authors: Weaver Jace
Published: November 2023

The last massacre of Indians in the United States occurred on February 26, 1911, at Rabbit Creek, near Winnemucca, Nevada. Five months later, Ishi (Yahi), “the last wild Indian,” was discovered outside an abattoir near Oro ville, California, and on September 4 he took up residence at the University of California Museum of Anthropology in Berkeley. Ishi expired of respiratory failure on March 25, 1916. The last survivor of the Rabbit Creek Massacre, Mary Josephine Estep, died in 1993 after being given the wrong medication at a home for the aged. Yet, for the majority of the American public, the Indian Wars were won decisively, the “Indian Problem” solved finally, and Indians ceased to exist on December 29, 1890, with the report of Hotchkiss guns at Wounded Knee on the Pine Ridge Reservation. “Waiting for the word from the West” was no longer a necessary pastime for worried easterners.
Anger
Authors: Schimmel Solomon
Published: November 2023

Of all the emotions, anger is one of the most common and most powerful. It assumes various forms designated by terms such as fury, wrath, ire, rage, resentment, vengeance, and indignation. Hardly a day goes by without most of us experiencing some measure of angereither our own or that of someone with whom we interact, often a family member. The news regularly reports acts of violence unleashed by long-festering anger, a hidden desire for revenge, or a sudden, impetuous fit of rage. Anger plays a central role in assault, child abuse, murder and many rapes, and in interethnic and international violent conflict. Of the seven deadly sins, anger is the most pervasive, injurious to self and others, and most responsible for unhappiness and psychopathological behavior. It is also inextricably linked to the other cardinal sins, particularly pride and envy, as well as to hatred, and it is regularly aroused by frustrated greed and lust. As a psychotherapist I spend more time helping clients deal with their anger than with any other emotion.
Gluttony
Authors: Schimmel Solomon
Published: November 2023

The amount and variety of food on display in the average American supermarket would put to shame the lavish Roman banquet hosted by Trimalchio, Petronius’s satiric symbol of hedonistic decadence.1 We are a society inundated with food and drink. New immigrants to the United States, from less economically fortunate countries, are awestruck by this abundance, although it doesn’t take them long to accept it as natural, and if they can afford it, to indulge in the offerings. No less abundant than food itself are the stimuli that induce us to partake of it. Everywhere we turn we are bombarded with information (and misinformation) about food. Newspapers have their gourmet food sections and television saturates us with delectable commercials that arouse our lust in hopes that we will sublimate it by eating.2 Hundreds of cookbooks and magazines and thousands of hours of broadcasting are devoted to whetting and satisfying our appetites for food and drink. Our gluttony and the greed of the food industry and its advertisers are responsible for this saturation of our consciousness with eating and drinking. Our preoccupation with food has many undesirable physical and emotional effects.
Greed
Authors: Schimmel Solomon
Published: November 2023

In 1990 Congress passed a law that provided for life imprisonment for certain financial crimes in recognition of the social damage and danger of greed gone amok. This law was a reaction to public anger at the Savings and Loan scandal of the 1980s in which avaricious bankers, lawyers, and accountants, seeking easy riches, fraudulently deprived thousands of Americans of their savings, causing immeasurable suffering. The greed of the 1980s brought with it a surge in criminal and unethical schemes, such as insider trading on the stock market, company takeovers that resulted in massive layoffs followed by bankruptcies, and scientific fraud. Greed inflicted catastrophe on many innocent victims, and its adverse social consequences will be felt for many years.

This should come as no surprise, since the pursuit of wealth is a dominant value in our society. The media feature adulatory stories about thirty-year-old multimillionaires who have achieved their college goal of amassing a fortune within a decade of graduation.
Leda And Helen
Authors: Leeming David Adams
Published: November 2023

A sudden blow: the great wings beating still Above the staggering girl, her thighs caressed By the dark webs, her nape caught in his bill, He holds her helpless breast upon his breast.
Anna and Mary
Authors: Leeming David Adams
Published: November 2023

She who was, from the beginning, the Virgin of virgins and the Immaculate Mother of the universe, appeared in due time as Mary, the daughter of Joachim and Anna. According to St. Jerome, Joachim was from the town of Nazareth in Galilee, and Anna from the City of David- Bethlehem; and the two were just and godly folk who divided their wealth into three parts-one for the Temple, one for the poor, and one for their own needs. Anna, however, was barren and lived for twenty years with her husband without bearing him a child.
Odysseus
Authors: Leeming David Adams
Published: November 2023

Autolycus once visited Ithaca, to find his daughter just delivered of a son. Eurycleia brought in the baby and set it in his lap at the end of supper, saying, “Autolycus, invent a name for this your dear daughter’s son-a child much prayed for,” and Autolycus had answered, “Son-in-law and daughter, name him as I shall say. Forasmuch as I come here full of plaints against many dwellers upon earth, women as well as men, so call him Odysseus, for the odiousness: and when he is a man make him visit the palace of his mother’s family at Parnassus, which is mine, and I will give him enough to send him joyfully home.”
Theseus
Authors: Leeming David Adams
Published: November 2023

One day Heracles, dining at Troezen with Pittheus, removed his lion skin and threw it over a stool. When the palace children came in, they screamed and fled, all except seven-year-old Theseus, who ran to snatch an axe from the woodpile, and returned boldly, prepared to attack a real lion. At the age of sixteen years he visited Delphi, and offered his first manly hair-clippings to Apollo. He shaved, however, only the forepart of his head, like the Arabians and Mysians, or like the war-like Abantes of Euboea, who thereby deny their enemies any advantage in close combat.
David
Authors: Leeming David Adams
Published: November 2023

Now the Philistines gathered together their armies to battle, and were gathered together at Shochoh, which belongeth to Judah, and pitched between Shochoh and Azekah, in Ephesdammim. And Saul and the men of Israel were gathered together, and pitched by the valley of Elah, and set the battle in array against the Philistines. And the Philistines stood on a mountain on the one side, and Israel stood on a mountain on the other side: and there was a valley between them. And there went out a champion out of the camp of the Philistines, named Goliath, of Gath, whose height was six cubits and a span.
Mary
Authors: Leeming David Adams
Published: November 2023

When the child was three years old, her parents took her to the Temple at Jerusalem, and left her in the company of the Temple virgins, with whom she grew up until she was fourteen-constantly visited by the angels and enjoying always the mystical vision of God. Now that she had become a woman, it was the proper custom that she should be returned to her home and given in marriage. But Mary told the High Priest that it could not be so with her, since she had promised her virginity to God. Perplexed, and seeking guidance from the Most High, the High Priest entered into the sanctuary of the Temple, and, as he prayed, a Voice came forth from the inmost shrine of the Holy of Holies, commanding that all the marriageable men of the House of David should come to the Temple and each one lay a branch upon the altar.
Jesus
Authors: Leeming David Adams
Published: November 2023

And when eight days were accomplished for the circumcising of the child, his name was called JESUS, which was so named of the angel before he was conceived in the womb. And when the days of her [Mary’s] purification according to the law of Moses were accomplished, they brought him to Jerusalem, to present him to the Lord;(As it is written in the law of the Lord, Every male that openeth the womb shall be called holy to the Lord;) And to offer a sacrifice according to that which is said in the law of the Lord, A pair of turtledoves, or two young pigeons.
Mohammad
Authors: Leeming David Adams
Published: November 2023

Mohammad was now approaching his fortieth year. Always pensive, he had of late become even more thoughtful and retiring. Contemplation and reflection engaged his mind. The debasement of his people pressed heavily on him; the dim and imperfect shadows of Judaism and Christianity excited doubts without satisfying them; and his soul was perplexed with uncertainty as to what was the true religion. Thus burdened, he frequently retired to seek relief in meditation amongst the solitary valleys and rocks near Mecca.
The Unknown Within The Self
Authors: Leeming David Adams
Published: November 2023

In the myth contained in the preceding stories the hero withdraws from the “world,” usually to meditate in preparation for later deeds. It will be suggested by some that this myth lacks the universality of the birth myth or the initiation myth-that it is confined for the most part to the mystical religions, that it is relatively foreign to the Egyptians, the Greeks, and the Nordic peoples, for instance. To some extent this is true. The meditation theme is most prevalent in animistic religions and those of the Far East especially Buddhism and Hinduism-and in Christianity.
Gilgamesh
Authors: Leeming David Adams
Published: November 2023

And even as he cried he saw that his companion no longer stirred nor opened his eyes; and when he felt Enkidu’s heart it was beating no more. Then Gilgamesh took a cloth and veiled the face of Enkidu, even as men veil a bride on the day of her espousal. And he paced to and fro and cried aloud, and his voice was the voice of a lioness robbed of her whelps. And he stripped off his garments and tore his hair and gave himself up to mourning.
Faust
Authors: Leeming David Adams
Published: November 2023

Faustus. Settle thy studies Faustus, and begin To sound the depth of that thou wilt profess. Having commenced, be a divine in show Yet level at the end of every art And live and die in Aristotle’s works.
Adonis And Aphrodite (Venus)
Authors: Leeming David Adams
Published: November 2023

“Time slipped away: there’s nothing more elusive Than Time in flight, more swift in flight than he Who steals our years and months, our days and hours. Son of a sister whom he never saw, Son of a grandfather who cursed his being, Child of a tree, Adonis grew to boyhood And lovelier than any man on earth.
Hainuwele
Authors: Leeming David Adams
Published: November 2023

They were all extremely jealous that Hainuwele could distribute such wealth and decided to kill her. The ninth night, therefore, when the girl was again placed in the center of the dance ground, to pass out betel nut, the men dug a deep hole in the area. In the innermost circle of the great nine-fold spiral the men of the Lesiela family were dancing, and in the course of the slowly cycling movement of their spiral they pressed the maiden Hainuwele toward the hole and threw her in. A loud, three voiced Maro Song drowned out her cries.
Persephone (Proserpina) And Demeter (Ceres)
Authors: Leeming David Adams
Published: November 2023

‘“Hard by the town of Henna was a lake, Pergus its name; nor even Cayster’s waters Held in their echoes sweeter songs of swans. A forest crowned the hills on every side Where even at sunstruck noonday the cool shores Were green beneath a canopy of leaves, The lawns, the purling grasses bright with flowers, And spring the only season of the year.
Jesus
Authors: Leeming David Adams
Published: November 2023

And the first day of unleavened bread, when they killed the passover, his disciples said unto him, Where wilt thou that we go and prepare that thou mayest eat the passover? And he sendeth forth two of his disciples, and saith unto them, Go ye into the city, and there shall meet you a man bearing a pitcher of water: follow him. And wheresoever he shall go in, say ye to the goodman of the house, The Master saith, Where is the guest chamber, where I shall eat the passover with my disciples? And he will show you a large upper room furnished and prepared: there make ready for us.
Inanna (Ishtar)
Authors: Leeming David Adams
Published: November 2023

Inanna, queen of heaven, the goddess of light and love and life, has set her heart upon visiting the nether world, perhaps in order to free her lover Tammuz. She gathers together all the appropriate divine decrees, adorns herself with her queenly robes and jewels, and is ready to enter the “land of no return.” Queen of the nether world is her elder sister and bitter enemy Ereshkigal, the goddess of darkness and gloom and death.
Wanjiru
Authors: Leeming David Adams
Published: November 2023

Now there was a young warrior who loved Wanjiru and he lamented continually, saying, “Wanjiru is lost, and her own people have done this thing.” And he said, “Where has Wanjiru gone? I will go to the same place.” So he took his shield and spear. And he wandered over the country day and night until, at last, as the dusk fell, he came to the spot where Wanjiru had vanished. Then he stood where she had stood and, as he stood, his feet began to sink as hers had sunk; and he sank lower and lower until the ground closed over him, and he went by a long road under the earth as Wanjiru had gone and, at length, he saw the maiden. But, indeed, he pitied her sorely, for her state was miserable, and her raiment had perished.
Orpheus And Eurydice
Authors: Leeming David Adams
Published: November 2023

When his farewells were said at Iphis’ wedding, Hymen leaped into space toward blue uncharted skies, His golden-amber colours gliding up, Till he sailed over Thrace where Orpheus hailed him (But not entirely to his advantage) To bless another wedding celebration.
Hermodr And Balder
Authors: Leeming David Adams
Published: November 2023

But to speak now of Hermodr: he rode nine days and nights down ravines ever darker and deeper, meeting no one, until he came to the banks of the river Gjoll which he followed as far as the Gjoll Bridge: this bridge is roofed with burning gold. Modgudr is the maiden’s name who guards the bridge. She asked him his name or lineage, saying only the day before five droves of dead men had passed over the bridge, “but the bridge echoed less under them than you.
Buddha
Authors: Leeming David Adams
Published: November 2023

Then, surrounded by the gods of the Tusita heaven, and dismissing all s the other gods, he entered the Nandana Grove of the Tusita capital,-for in each of the heavens there is a Nandana Grove. And here the gods said, “Attain in your next existence your high destiny,” and kept reminding him that he had already paved the way to it by his accumulated merit. Now it was while he was thus dwelling, surrounded by these deities, and continually reminded of his accumulated merit, that he died, and was conceived in the womb of queen Maha-Maya.
Hainuwele
Authors: Leeming David Adams
Published: November 2023

When the Maro festival ended and Hainuwele failed to return, her father knew that she had been killed. He took nine branches of a certain bushlike plant whose wood is used in the casting of oracles and with these reconstructed in his home the nine circles of the Maro Dancers. Then he knew that Hainuwele had been killed in the Dancing Ground. He took nine fibers of the cocopalm leaf and went with these to the dance place, stuck them one after the other into the earth, and with the ninth came to what had been the innermost circle.
Union With The Cycle Of Nature
Authors: Leeming David Adams
Published: November 2023

The outlines of the myth of the rebirth or resurrection are universal and clear. The hero progresses from a state of nonlife to one of life. The miraculous birth is thus repeated. In some stories the Hero-Hyacinth and Adonis, for instance-dies and is turned into a living flower. In others the rebirth is in the nature of a reincarnation. The Buddha and, to a lesser extent, Dionysos fall into this category. But the major motif of the myth is that of the hero who has died violently, visited the under world, and returned to the earth as a living being.
Oedipus
Authors: Leeming David Adams
Published: November 2023

Citizens, the briefest way to tell you Would be to say that Oedipus is no more; But what has happened cannot be told so simply It was no simple thing. Chorus He is gone, poor man? Messenger You may be sure that he has left this world.
Buddha
Authors: Leeming David Adams
Published: November 2023

This was the manner of Buddha’s death, called Parinirvana, or Final Release. In the forty-fifth year of his ministry the Buddha suffered from a severe illness, and declared that he would not live long. While residing in the city of Pawa he was entertained by a good smith named Chunda. He prepared an offering of pork, which was the cause of a sickness resulting in death. Buddha became very faint, and though he set out for Kushinagara, had to rest many times on the way.
The Discovery Of The Unknown Commentary on Part 8
Authors: Leeming David Adams
Published: November 2023

Forty days after Easter, as the sun approaches mid-heaven following the vernal equinox, Christians celebrate the bodily ascension of Jesus into heaven. Mithras, Elijah, Saint Francis, and, in some stories, Faust, too, are carried off. And in a later addition to the Christian story the Virgin Mary is physically assumed into heaven to reign there with Christ.
Subject versus Object
Authors: Fletcher George P
Published: November 2023

The distinction between subject and object runs through the criminal law and provides a useful perspective on our conception of whom we are prosecuting and on what we are punishing for. A subject is someone who acts, and an object is someone or something that is acted upon. Do we prosecute suspects and punish offenders as subjects or as objects? That question is never posed directly in the doctrines of the criminal law but it underlies many current disputes about defining and determining who is liable for crime.
The Esoteric Origins of the American Renaissance
Authors: Versluis Arthur
Published: November 2023

When we survey the history of esotericism in North America from the colonial period to the late-nineteenth century, we find that a remarkable shift took place. As the colonists came over, especially from England or Germany, they brought with them a great many kinds of practical esotericism that were integrated into daily life. Astrology, alchemy, folk magic, and various esoteric orders or lodges all were prevalent in the lives of many Americans right through to the beginning of the nineteenth century. But gradually, much changed. By the time of the American Renaissance and such authors as Emerson, Poe, Melville, Dickinson, and Fuller, these various currents of esotericism had largely, though of course not totally, vanished from the American scene, and were transposed instead into the creative work of these major American writers.
On an extension of finitary mathematics which has not yet been used (1972)
Authors: Gudel Kurt , Feferman Solomon , Dawson John W , Kleene Stephen C , Moore Gregory H , Solovay Robert M , Heijenoort Jean van
Published: November 2023

P. Bernays has pointed out that, even in order to prove only the consistency of classical number theory, it is necessary to extend Hilbert’s finitary standpoint. He suggested admitting certain abstract concepts in addition to the combinatorial concepts referring to symbols. The abstract concepts that so far have been used for this purpose are those of the constructive theory of ordinals and those of intuitionistic logic. It is shown that a certain concept of computable function of finite simple type over the natural numbers can be used instead, where no other procedures of constructing such functions are necessary except primitive recursion by a number variable and definition of a function by an equality with a term containing only variables and/or previously introduced functions beginning with the function +.
“A Very Special Death”: Christian Martyrdom in Its Classical Context
Authors: Straw Carole
Published: November 2023

Clement of Alexandria wrote from experience. In 202—203, wseAJ during the persecution of Septimius Severus, he had been forced to flee to Asia Minor. In his Miscellanies (Stromata, 4.4), he discusses the perfection of martyrdom that had eluded him and compares martyrdom to the valiant death of classical heroes: “And the ancients laud the death of those among the Greeks who died in war, not that they advised people to die a violent death, but because he who ends his life in war is released without the dread of dying.” Just like the heroes of epics and the arena, the Christian martyrs displayed a contempt of death that allowed them to face the end with unnerving self-control. “We conquer death and are not conquered by it,” boasted the martyr Flavian. And Cyprian proclaimed that martyrs could be killed, but they could never be harmed.
Not Only American
Authors: Spiro Peter J
Published: November 2023

Plural citizenship poses a central challenge to citizenship as an organizing principle of world order and individual identity. Dual citizenship was once thought an offense against nature, a stain on a person’s character, an immoral status akin to bigamy. One might be a dual citizen by virtue of the interplay of different citizenship regimes, but one could not openly maintain allegiance to more than one nation. This jealous defense of exclusive national ties had significant implications for the nature of the citizenship tie and the community it defined. Singular affiliations inherently have greater meaning than nonexclusive relationships, especially where the type of affiliation is common practice. The contexts of marriage and religion present ready examples; because (for the most part) those affiliations are exclusive, the resulting bond—the “community,” if you will— looms larger on the individual’s horizon. So, too, was it with nationality. The fact that individuals could have one nationality and one nationality only rendered national identification a more important quantity. It starkly drew the lines between the “us” and the “them,” a sort of legal circling of the wagons that inevitably reinforced the meaning of citizenship.
Man = Body + Soul: Aquinas’s Arithmetic of Human Nature
Authors: Klima Gyula
Published: November 2023

For philosophers who find both a dualistic and a purely materialistic account of the human soul unacceptable, the Aristotelian-Thomistic conception of the soul as the substantial form of the living body may appear to be an intriguing alternative. However, even if one is not afraid of the prospect of committing oneself to an apparently “obsolete” metaphysics, developing such a commitment may not look to be a wise move after all, since upon closer inspection the doctrine may seem to be frustratingly obscure, if not directly self-contradictory.
Kubrick’s Obscene Shadows
Authors: White Susan
Published: November 2023

There comes a time when the operation of the machine becomes so odious, makes you so sick at heart, that you can’t take part, you can’t even passively take part, and you’ve got to put your bodies upon the gears and upon the wheels, upon all the apparatus, and you’ve got to make it stop. And you’ve got to indicate to the people who run it, the people who own it, that unless you’re free, the machine will be prevented from working at all. This chapter examines aspects of the fundamental ambivalence toward human cultural productions conveyed in Stanley Kubrick’s cinematic works. Through exquisitely distilled images and innovative soundtracks, the films articulate a fascination with such topoi (in Aristotle’s sense: places to go to construct an argument) as the machine, symphonic music, the labyrinth, and various kinds of ritual as sublime forms of cultural expression. At the same time, Kubrick’s films depict these cultural forms as arising from or intricately linked to what we might call foundational violence. But violence is only one, though perhaps the most important, of what I will term the “obscene” social underpinnings that subtend Kubrick’s work.
Sacred and Profane Beauty
Authors: van der Leeuw Gerardus
Published: November 2023

Gerardus van der Leeuw was one of the first to attempt a rapprochement between theology and the arts, and his influence continues to be felt in what is now a burgeoning field. Sacred and Profane is the fullest expression of his pursuit of a theological aesthetics, surveying religion's relationship to all the arts—dance, drama, literature, painting, sculpture, architecture, and music. This edition makes this seminal work, first published in Dutch in 1932, newly available. A new foreword by Diane Apostolos-Cappadona analyzes the continuing relevance of van der Leeuw's thought. Van der Leeuw's impassioned and brilliant investigation of the relationship between the holy and the beautiful is founded upon the conviction that for too long the religious have failed to seriously contemplate the beautiful, associating it as they do with the kingdom of sensuality and impermanence. Similarly it has been alien to literati and aesthetes to reflect upon the holy, for they choose to consider this physical world to be permanent, and therefore to be glorified through beauty alone. In truth, as van der Leeuw undertakes to show in Sacred and Profane Beauty, the holy has never been absent from the arts, and the arts have never been unresponsive to the holy. Whether one considers the Homeric epics, the dancing Sivas and Vedic poems, the sacred wall paintings of ancient Egypt, the primitive mask, or the range of sacred arts developed out of Latin and Byzantine Christianity, primordial creation in the arts was always directed toward the symbolization and interpretation of the holy. The fact that in our day this original connection is obscured and the artistic impulse is more generally regarded as wholly individualistic and autonomous does not contradict van der Leeuw's thesis; indeed, the breakdown of the unity of the holy and the arts is central to his thesis. Van der Leeuw was the rare thinker who combined profundity of insight, grace of style, and a willingness to take daring intellectual chances. In Sacred and Profane, he describes each of the arts in its original unity with the religious and then analyzes its historical disjunction and alienation. After a penetrating investigation of the structural elements within the arts which illumines a crucial dimension of the religious experience, van der Leeuw points toward the reemergence of an appropriate theological aesthetics on which a reunification of the arts could be founded.
Textual Poaching or Gamekeeping?
Authors: Bury Rhiannon
Published: November 2023

With the publication of Textual Poachers in 1992, Henry Jenkins put fandom on the academic radar. He vigorously challenged prevailing notions of media fans, held by an assortment of academics, high-culture aficionados, critics, and William Shatner, as passive dupes of mass culture sorely in need of lives.1 Jenkins provided an empowering accounting of fan practices under the rubric of textual poaching, borrowed from the Marxist theorist Michel de Certeau. According to de Certeau, “poaching . . . on the property of others” (xii) is what characterizes the multiple practices of everyday life. These “tactics of consumption” are “ingenious ways in which the weak make use of the strong” (xiv). Jenkins makes a similar point about fans being in a position of “cultural marginality and social weakness. Fans must beg with the networks to keep their favorite shows on the air, must lobby producers to provide desired plot developments or to protect the integrity of favorite characters” (26–27).
‘The Interpretation of Dreams’ in the Renaissance
Authors: Holland Peter
Published: November 2023

In 1929 Maxime Leroy asked Freud to comment on a series of dreams experienced by Descartes on the night of ro-II November 1619. The three dreams of that night mark a crucial stage in the intellectual life of the young Descartes: their impact on his commitment to research, and on his movement towards formulating the cogito,is fully emphasized by Descartes himself.
Mistaken identities
Authors: McDonald Peter
Published: November 2023

Does Northern Ireland need `identity'? Does it make sense to discuss politics and literature in such terms? And what does it mean to make a connection between poetry and violence? In this controversial and original study, the Northern Irish poet and critic Peter McDonald examines the poetry of Seamus Heaney, along with work by Louis MacNeice, John Hewitt, Michael Longley, Derek Mahon, Tom Paulin, Ciaran Carson, Paul Muldoon, and others. He argues against the totalizing ambitions of identity-politics, and questions the value of nationalist assumptions, amongst both Irish and non-Irish critics, for the understanding of Northern Irish poetry. McDonald contends that a close attention to this poetry disables crude analysis and subverts political analogies in terms of `identity'. In a series of subtle and illuminating readings, Mistaken Identities shows how the best poets from Northern Ireland have made an issue of poetic form, and establishes the significance of this for post-nationalist criticism on both sides of the Irish Sea.
Contempt Of Court
Authors: Miller C J
Published: November 2023

Contempt of court has been aptly described as the Proteus of the legal world, assuming an almost infinite diversity of forms. Its central concern is to protect the administration of justice in criminal and civil cases, addressing, for example, the perennial conflict between the requirements of a fair and unprejudiced trial and those from freedom of expression. It is also concerned to protect witnesses from being victimized and courts from being subjected to destructive criticism in the press, or disruptive conduct during their proceedings. Similarly, it provides the ultimate sanction to secure the enforcement of court orders. A further major clash of interests is between the demands of 'open justice' and the numerous restrictions on reporting which now exist, for example to confer anonymity on children and on complainants in sexual cases and on other vulnerable witnesses. These are discussed in detail, particularly in the light of the changes associated with the Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999. This new and considerably expanded version of Professor Miller's classic work on the subject has been written against the background of the Human Rights Act 1998 and the ever-increasing importance of the European Convention of Human Rights. The compatibility (or otherwise) of existing law with 'Convention rights' is discussed in detail in the light of the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights, many of which are not as inimical to the values traditionally advanced by the law of contempt as is sometimes assumed. Full discussion of the many changes in English law is accompanied by references to developments in such jurisdictions as Australia, New Zealand, Canada and, to a lesser extent, the United States of America. In particular the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms has long since required Canadian courts to grapple with issues which are now confronting their United Kingdom counterparts. It is to be expected that such developments will increasingly be taken into account when reassessing our own law of contempt.