bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identity Avoidance with Reflexive Clitics in European Portuguese and Minimalist Approaches to Control
Authors: Martins Ana Maria , Nunes Jairo
Published: October 2017

In this article, we discuss two types of cooccurrence restrictions involving reflexive clitics in European Portuguese and examine their implications for obligatory control. We argue that these restrictions may shed some light on where the controller is generated, thus making it possible to empirically test three Minimalist approaches to control: the predicate attraction approach (see Manzini and Roussou 2000 ), the PRO-based approach (e.g., Chomsky and Lasnik 1993 , Landau 2000 , 2004 , Martin 2001 ), and the movement approach (e.g., Hornstein 1999 , 2001 , Boeckx, Hornstein, and Nunes 2010 ). We show that none of the approaches is able to capture all the relevant data if pursued under a strong lexicalist perspective such as Chomsky’s ( 1993 , 2000 ) and that only the movement approach can account for all the data in a uniform way under Chomsky’s (2001) weak lexicalist perspective.
Biochemical impacts of the textile dyes Remazol Brillant Blue R and Congo Red on the crayfish Astacus leptodactylus (Decapoda, Astacidae)
Authors: Aksu Onder , Yildirim Nuran Cikcikoglu , Danabas Durali , Yildirim Numan
Published: October 2017

In this study, we determined the effects of the textile dyes Remazol Brillant Blue R (RBBR) and Congo Red (CR) on the enzymatic activities of Glutathione S-Transferase (GST), cytochrome P450 (CYP1A1) and Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), in hepatopancreas of Astacus leptodactylus. The crayfishes were exposed to 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/l of RBBR or CR, for 24 and 48 h. The recorded GST activity clearly increased after 24 or 48 h exposure to CR, compared to a control group (), but the changes of GST activity depending on time and dose were not statistically significant in the RRBR group (). The activity of CYP1A1 generally decreased, but LDH activity increased in the groups exposed to different doses of CR and RBBR, when compared to their control groups. Detoxification enzymes (as GST, and CYP1A1) and metabolic enzymes (as LDH) can be proven to make useful markers for further evaluating the physiological effects of CR and RBBR on crayfish.
The pitfalls of molecular species identification: a case study within the genus Pratylenchus (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae)
Authors: Janssen Toon , Karssen Gerrit , Couvreur Marjolein , Waeyenberge Lieven , Bert Wim
Published: October 2017

Comprehensive morphological and molecular analyses revealed that published ITS sequences of the economically important plant-parasitic nematode Pratylenchus goodeyi are actually sequences from distantly free-living bacterivorous ‘cephalobids’. We demonstrated that this incorrect labelling resulted in a cascade of erroneous interpretations, as shown by the reports of ‘P. goodeyi’ on banana in China and on cotton in India. This clearly illustrates the risk of mislabelled sequences in public databases. Other mislabelled Pratylenchus cases are discussed to illustrate that this is not an isolated case. Herein, P. lentis n. syn. is considered a junior synonym of P. pratensis while P. flakkensis was for the first time linked to DNA sequences using topotype material. As taxonomic expertise is decreasing and sequence-based identification is growing rapidly, the highlighted problem may yet increase and a strong link between morphology and DNA sequences will be of crucial importance in order to prevent, or at least minimise, sequence-based misidentifications.
The Right to Political Participation of Indigenous Peoples: A Holistic Approach
Authors: Tomaselli Alexandra
Published: October 2017

In the current era of land grabbing and extractivism, political participation of indigenous peoples in their national and local affairs appears to be the crucial right to guarantee the exercise of their other rights. In the last decades, un bodies have increasingly stressed the need to improve indigenous participation in their domestic political arenas. How indigenous political participation may be recognised, operationalised, and exercised as a right, and be effective, however, remains to be discussed. Against this background, this article elaborates a proposal for a holistic approach to the right to political participation of indigenous peoples and demonstrates how it is rooted in international law, international human rights law, and international indigenous law.
‘You are a Priest Forever!’ Jesus’ Indestructible Life in Hebrews 7:16
Authors: Kibbe Michael
Published: October 2017

Hebrews 7:16 suggests that Jesus entered the priesthood by virtue of his “indestructible life.” But what sort of life is that? How and when did he obtain it? If it pertains to his resurrected-human life, was he therefore not a priest prior to that moment (including, in particular, during his death on the cross)? If it pertains to his divine life (thus he possesses it always), in what sense could the man Jesus have actually died? I suggest that the author has neither deity nor resurrection in view as the source of Jesus’ indestructible life; rather, the point is merely that Jesus’ perpetual existence undergirds the oath that immediately follows in 7:17. However, Hebrews as a whole requires that we envision that existence in relation to both Jesus’ deity and his resurrection, and I argue, furthermore, that the two cohere via the divine Son’s agency in his own resurrection.
The Lord Will Reveal the Lord
Authors: Wenkel David H.
Published: October 2017

The first pastoral epistle to Timothy follows a relatively traditional Jewish doctrine in the context of second temple Judaism: God is one “whom no one has ever seen or can see” (1 Timothy 6:16). This parallels a statement in chapter one in which God is described as “invisible” (1 Timothy 1:17). In both statements, the invisibility of God is contrasted with the visible quality of Jesus’ spiritual power or his second appearing. This paper argues that the Jewish monotheistic doctrine of God has been developed in a proto-Trinitarian manner by utilizing the qualities of invisibility and visibility.
A review of the genus Brachysira in Ireland with the description of Brachysira praegeri and Brachysira conamarae, new raphid diatoms (Bacillariophyceae) from high status waterbodies
Authors: KENNEDY BRYAN , ALLOTT NORMAN
Published: October 2017

The genus Brachysira is frequently encountered in the algal flora of oligotrophic freshwaters. In order to re-evaluate its diversity in Irish waters, light and scanning electron microscopy was used to examine populations at 209 river sites and in 85 lakes. The full range of morphological variation of all common and sometimes challenging Brachysira populations was investigated. The study revealed two new species, Brachysira praegeri sp. nov. and Brachysira conamarae sp. nov. and compared them to all closely related taxa. The study also recorded B. intermedia and B. neglectissima which are new records for Ireland. Further taxonomic clarification is required for a diatom resembling B. intermedia and the complex of taxa around the polymorphic B. microcephala. Individual Brachysira taxa differed with respect to their optima along an alkalinity-pH gradient, but the trophic requirements of all forms were comparable, suggesting that species may be merged for routine water quality assessment. Nevertheless, it is recommended that Brachysira morphotypes be enumerated separately until their taxonomy is more fully resolved and their significance for the biodiversity of epilithic communities has been clearly established.
Revealing hidden diversity among tropical cyanobacteria: the new genus Onodrimia (Synechococcales, Cyanobacteria) described using the polyphasic approach
Authors: JAHODÁŘOVÁ EVA , DVOŘÁK PETR , HAŠLER PETR , POULÍČKOVÁ ALOISIE
Published: October 2017

Leptolyngbya represents a group of common mat forming cyanobacteria with very simple trichome morphology and a polyphyletic evolutionary origin. In this paper, we used a polyphasic approach to describe a new genus morphologically similar to Leptolyngbya. Three strains of Leptolyngbyaceae cyanobacteria were isolated from submersed bark of tree branches which fell into the Hot-water spring from a rainforest in West Java. A phylogeny of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that these strains fell into a well-supported clade separate from Leptolyngbya sensu stricto. Although our strains possessed only minor morphological differences from other similar Leptolyngbyaceae species, these new taxa may be differentiated based on a peculiar form of reproduction, where hormogonia and hormocytes form tree-like tuft structures. Thus, based on a phylogenetic position, morphological, and ecological evidence, we propose a new genus, Onodrimia.
A new species of the genus Lejeunea Lib. (Marchantiophyta, Lejeuneaceae) from Brazil
Authors: BASTOS CID JOSÉ PASSOS , REINER-DREHWALD MARÍA ELENA , SCHÄFER-VERWIMP ALFONS
Published: October 2017

The new species Lejeunea flagellifera from Brazil is described and illustrated. This species is characterized by its large size, the large, inflated and rectangular leaf lobule and by flagelliform branches with caducous leaves. The specimens were found in montane ombrophilous forests, growing on bark and living leaves of trees.
Typification and notes on fruit colour of Viscum orientale (Santalaceae)
Authors: NASKAR SAIKAT , BHADRA RUMA
Published: October 2017

The name Viscum orientale is here lectotypified. For precise application of the name, an epitype is also designated. Fruit colour of the species as stated in the protologue differs from our observation from Indian Sundarban. The probable reasons for incorrect information in the protologue have been clarified.
The identity of Azara's No. 315 “Ibiyau de cola extraña” and No. 316 “Ibiyau anónimo” (Aves: Caprimulgidae)
Authors: SMITH PAUL
Published: October 2017

The identities of Azara’s No. 315 “Ibiyau de cola extraña” and No. 316 “Ibiyau anónimo”, and those of Caprimulgus sphenurus Vieillot, 1817 and C. epicurus Vieillot, 1817 which were based upon Azara’s descriptions, are elucidated. All are found to refer to the taxon currently known as Little Nightjar Setopagis parvula (Gould, 1837). A hitherto overlooked 20th Century usage of the name C. sphenurus by Bertoni (1900) validates this name, and hence, according to the ICZN code it could be correctly applied to this taxon. However, it is recommended that this name be suppressed in the interests of maintaining stability. New synonymies for this species are also clarified.
Oldest new genus of Myrmeleontidae (Neuroptera) from the Eocene Green River Formation
Authors: MAKARKIN VLADIMIR N.
Published: October 2017

Epignopholeon sophiae gen. et sp. nov. (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) is described from the early Eocene of the Green River Formation (Colorado, U.S.A.). It represents the oldest confident record of the family. The new genus is remarkable in that tergite 7 of the female is much shorter than its long sternite 7. The preserved wing venation shows that the genus belongs to the subfamily Myrmeleontinae, and most probably to the tribe Gnopholeontini. The discovery of this species is consistent with estimations of relatively dry and warm conditions during deposition of the upper Parachute Creek Member of the Green River Formation.
Presence of Foraminifera of Superfamily Komokioidea (Order Astrorhizida) in Colombian deep Caribbean waters
Authors: TAVERA-MARTÍNEZ LAURA , MARCHANT MARGARITA
Published: October 2017

Research regarding deep-sea benthic foraminifera in the Colombian Caribbean requires further development given the complete lack of information related to the different groups that constitute associations and the ecological functions they fulfill. For this purpose, a taxonomic description of Superfamily Komokioidea was composed from macrofauna samples from between 1,215 m and 3,179 m depth, obtained during the research cruise ANH-COL 4 and COL 5 carried out in 2014. Results showed foraminifera belonging to the three families: Komokiidae, Baculellidae, and Normaninidae, inclu-ding five genera (Lana, Komokia, Ipoa, Normaninam, and Catena) and five species (Lana neglecta, Komokia multiramosa, Normanina conferta, Ipoa fragila, and Catena piriformis). This study presents knowledge regarding deep-sea Colombian Caribbean benthic foraminifera, which to date have not been recorded from this region. Their depth distribution when compared with other studies from the Atlantic and Pacific, allows the expansion of taxonomic inventories and the characterization of biodiversity within poorly explored regions.
Two new species of Kalyptorhynchia (Koinocystididae and Gnathorhynchidae) from China
Authors: LIN YI-TAO , FENG WEI-TAO , ZHUANG JIE-YI , ZHANG YU , WANG AN-TAI
Published: October 2017

Two new species of Kalyptorhynchia (Rhabdocoela), namely Itaipusa sinensis n. sp. (Koinocystididae) and Prognathorhynchus sinensis n. sp. (Gnathorhynchidae) were described from brackish water near Shenzhen Bay, representing the first records of Koinocystididae and Gnathorhynchidae in China. For I. sinensis n. sp., the U-shaped cirrus contains 50 triangular lamellar spines, with two cuticular (pseudocuticular) hooks situated at both sides of its anterior part. The hook I (right side) is funnel-shaped, while the hook II (left side) is triangular lamellar in shape. For P. sinensis n. sp., the proboscis hook has two hooks situated in an anterior to posterior sequence. The semicircular tubular stylet has a hollow spherical dead end posteriorly to the distal opening. Both the morphological and phylogenetic (18S rDNA and 28S rDNA) analyses support the establishment of these two new species.
The effect of different curing conditions on hardness, thickness, and residual stress of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites
Authors: Abdel-Raheem Nahed Ahmed , Halim Sawsan Fakhry , Al-Khoribi Ahmed Hatem
Published: October 2017

In this study, an attempt has been made to optimize the curing process of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy laminates. The effect of four factors: curing temperature, cooling method, wetting method, and resin-to-hardener ratio was studied. Custom non-regular fractional factorial design was utilized to choose the combination of these factors levels. Vickers micro-hardness test was conducted to study hardness in all the specimens. Thickness measurements were taken. The residual stresses along fiber direction were measured using Timoshenko bending beam method. Box plots were drawn to understand data variability. ANOVA was used to analyze results. It was shown that curing at 180℃ or lower, applying furnace cooling, raising resin-to-hardener ratio, and avoiding wetting the bottom side have reduced data variability, lowered thickness, and residual stress.
Reframing for Social Justice: The Influence of Critical Friendship Groups on Preservice Teachers’ Reflective Practice
Authors: Behizadeh Nadia , Thomas Clarice , Behm Cross Stephanie
Published: October 2017

A primary goal of teacher preparation programs should be to develop the reflective and critical problem-solving capacities of preservice teachers, especially social justice–oriented programs that prepare teachers to work in urban schools with historically underserved youth. Through an analysis of participants’ biweekly posts to discussion boards, this qualitative case study examines common dilemmas for a group of 11 racially diverse undergraduate preservice middle school teachers and descriptions of their process during Critical Friendship Group protocols. Results reveal that most dilemmas revolved around relationships with others, curriculum and instruction, and perceived deficiencies of students. However, through the process of engaging in reflective conversations supported by classroom activities, some participants reenvisioned the initial dilemma, such as reframing deficiency views as pedagogical or relationship issues. In addition, all participants articulated benefits of the Critical Friendship Group meetings in their reflections. Implications for improving supports for critical, collaborative reflection during student teaching are discussed.
Influence of selected production parameters on the hand of mattress knitted fabrics assessed by the Fabric Touch Tester
Authors: Vasile Simona , Malengier Benny , De Raeve Alexandra , Deruyck Frank
Published: October 2017

The overall comfort of a bedding system is, among others, the result of the moisture and thermal management capabilities of its components, including mattress ticking fabrics. The hand of mattress ticking fabrics, their smoothness, softness, flexibility, and thermal properties, in particular, partially contribute to the sleep quality. Manufacturers pay a great deal of attention to this aspect and make efforts to improve fabric hand as customers always touch and squeeze the fabric and the perceived fabric hand will partially influence their buying decision. In this study the hand of 12 mattress fabrics was investigated by the Fabric Touch Tester (FTT), which is a relatively new characterization method of fabric hand. The FTT measures simultaneously 13 fabric indices related to four categories of fabric physical properties, namely bending, compression, and thermal and surface properties. These fabric indices are subsequently used by the FTT software to predict three primary comfort indices (i.e. smoothness, softness, warmth) and two global comfort indices (i.e. total hand and total feel). The fabrics were differentiated by three production parameters, namely fabric mass per unit area, concentration of softener and fiber composition. Relevant tactile properties for mattress ticking fabrics, such as smoothness, softness, warmth, and flexibility, were assessed by an expert panel and the average scores given by the assessors were correlated with the fabric indices measured by the FTT. Among the selected variables, fabric mass per unit area has the greatest influence on all FTT fabric indices. Due to the large fabric set, considerable variances were observed between the scores assigned by the panels. That resulted in poor correlations between tactile properties and selected production parameters, although the trend seems to be correct and all the factors were found to be statistically significant. Strong correlations were found between the FTT fabric indices and tactile properties assessed by the panels, except warmth, which suggests that the FTT is suitable to assess mattress ticking fabrics with elevated mass per unit area and uneven texture.
Thermal comfort properties of bifacial fabrics
Authors: Zhu Licheng , Wang Xungai , Blanchonette Ian , Naebe Maryam
Published: October 2017

Bifacial fabrics, with a single jersey on one face and a plain weave on the other, were produced on a purpose-built machine. Thermal comfort properties of bifacial fabrics were compared with conventional woven and knitted fabrics and the effect of weft density and loop length of bifacial fabrics on their thermal comfort properties was investigated. While different fabric structures were produced with the same wool, acrylic, and polyester yarns, the findings confirmed that the bifacial fabric is warmer (lower total heat loss) and more breathable (higher permeability index ( im)) than the corresponding woven and knitted fabrics. Increasing the loop length of bifacial fabrics enhanced evaporative resistance, air permeability, warm feeling, thermal resistance, and water vapor permeability index, yet reduced total heat loss. An increase in the weft density of bifacial fabrics led to higher evaporative resistance, warmer feeling, higher thermal resistance, lower air permeability, and total heat loss. However, the permeability index did not change with an increase in weft density. This study suggests that thermal comfort properties of bifacial fabrics can be optimized by modifying structural parameters to engineer high-performance textiles.
X-ray shielding by a novel garment woven with melt-spun monofilament weft yarn containing lead and tin particles
Authors: Mirzaei Majid , Zarrebini Mohammad , Shirani Ahmad , Shanbeh Mohsen , Borhani Sedigheh
Published: October 2017

Conventional lead aprons are rather heavy and uncomfortable for the wearer and also crack easily due to bending during both usage and storage. Coating of textiles with certain compounds provides protection against ionizing radiation. However, coated garments may have reduced flexibility and breathability. The principle aim of this study is development of a lightweight textile-based X-ray radiation shielding. The shielding fabric, while capable of significantly attenuating X-rays, relative to current conventional aprons is more intrinsically flexible, breathable, economical, easy to maintain, and crack resistant. Samples of fabrics were woven using melt-spun polypropylene monofilament yarns containing lead and tin particles. Shielding properties of the samples was measured using a high-purity germanium detector. Results showed that the samples composed of higher metal particles concentration and higher metal density and atomic number exhibited higher attenuation capability. Mechanical properties of the samples were evaluated. Furthermore, insignificant changes in the attenuation capability of samples due to abrasion and laundering processes occurred.
Effects of increasing indigenous coal share in Turkey’s electricity generation mix on key economic and environmental indicators: An extended input–output analysis
Authors: Aydın Levent
Published: October 2017

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the economic and environmental effects of increasing indigenous coal share in electricity generation by using extended input–output analysis. The policy scenario is a $1 million increase in demand for investment in the coal mining sector. In order to analyze this policy option, we specifically developed an extended input–output analysis associated with disaggregating the electricity sector into electricity generation transmission and distribution and the mining sector into coal and oil–gas mining. Furthermore, we use a range of key economic and environmental indicators to evaluate the effects of increasing indigenous coal production on these indicators. The results indicate that the $1 million increase in final demand for indigenous coal produces an increase in economic output for all sectors of $1,389,241 and an increase in total greenhouse gases of 229,572 CO2-equivalents (kg CO2-e) as well.
Paradoxical Thinking as a Conflict-Resolution Intervention: Comparison to Alternative Interventions and Examination of Psychological Mechanisms
Authors: Hameiri Boaz , Nabet Eden , Bar-Tal Daniel , Halperin Eran
Published: October 2017

Conflict-resolution interventions based on the paradoxical thinking principles, that is, expressing amplified, exaggerated, or even absurd ideas that are congruent with the held conflict-supporting societal beliefs, have been shown to be an effective avenue of intervention, especially among individuals who are adamant in their views. However, the question as to why these interventions have been effective has remained unanswered. In the present research, we have examined possible underlying psychological mechanisms, focusing on identity threat, surprise, and general disagreement. In a small-scale lab study and a large-scale longitudinal study, we compared paradoxical thinking interventions with traditional interventions based on providing inconsistent information. The paradoxical thinking interventions led rightists to show more unfreezing of held conflict-supporting beliefs and openness to alternative information, whereas the inconsistency-based interventions tended to be more effective with the centrist participants. Both studies provide evidence that the effects were driven by identity threat, surprise, and lower levels of disagreement.
“Our” Culinary Heritage
Authors: Passidomo Catarina
Published: October 2017

This article develops the concept of gastrodiplomacy—or the use of food to enhance a region’s brand and image—through analysis of two cookbooks: Heritage, by Sean Brock, and Peru: The Cookbook, by Gastón Acurio. Each of these celebrity chefs mobilizes diversity and multiculturalism rhetorically to suggest that contemporary foodways are an authentic portal to racial harmony and inclusion. I argue that these chefs’ social position as men of European descent perpetuates the “white gaze” of contemporary public engagement with cuisine and foodways because the historic and contemporary contributions of marginalized groups become narrative props rather than authentic voices. By focusing on two sites—Peru and the American South—this article demonstrates the function of gastrodiplomacy as a form of soft power that rhetorically undermines racial and class hegemonies while practically reinforcing them. The historical and social contexts of these two regions demand an analysis that incorporates discussion of the connections among foodways, culture, place, and power and consideration of linkages between the U.S. South and the Global South. From a sociological perspective, this article demonstrates the ways in which contemporary food movements often perform rhetorical maneuvers that obfuscate inequality by using white male voices to present foodways as common and universal.
Preserving Dignity in the Face of Hunger
Authors: Vissing Yvonne , Gu Joann , Jones Andrea , Gabriel Sue
Published: October 2017

Hunger in the United States has become commonplace. Food pantries are now regularly used by millions of people. Once thought to be used by the destitute, today they are frequented by families, students, the elderly people who hold full-time jobs, and people who thought they would never have to seek assistance to have enough to eat. Viewing food pantries as a major foodways resource, this study focuses on how a New England food pantry seeks to give not just food but also integrity, respect, and hope. It employed a client satisfaction survey as part of an evaluation of the effectiveness of their food pantry and used the data for organizational transformation. This study shows how organizations can destigmatize the requesting food process and provide services in a humane way that treats hungry people as neighbors and friends, not burdens and failures.
Delineating Cultural Boundaries and Debunking the Myth of the “Classless” Kitchen
Authors: Puentes Jennifer
Published: October 2017

This study examines the role cultural capital plays in students’ culinary training. I argue students’ class-dependent cultural capital influenced how they experienced culinary school. I examine how the organization and the standards of culinary school—which draw on aspects of high culture—create barriers for some students. I discuss how students with omnivorous tastes are better equipped to navigate the cultural capital dominant in culinary schools. Prior understanding of omnivorous tastes helps students, as they learn about the culinary field, but given the unequal distribution of the students’ economic capital, not all of the students had equal access to developing such wide range of tastes. This study spans 15 months of ethnographic observations at a culinary arts school in an urban Midwestern city, where I observed students’ interactions in kitchen classrooms and culinary competitions. In-depth interviews were conducted with 50 students and 10 chef instructors. The findings indicate that some students’ class backgrounds limit their opportunities for informal learning and socialization. I found that socioeconomic status, race, and geographical region influenced the students’ cultural capital and their ability to participate in kitchen culture.
The “We” in the “Me”
Authors: Prainsack Barbara
Published: October 2017

This article challenges a key tacit assumption underpinning legal and ethical instruments in health care, namely, that people are ideally bounded, independent, and often also strategically rational individuals. Such an understanding of personhood has been criticized within feminist and other critical scholarship as being unfit to capture the deeply relational nature of human beings. In the field of medicine, however, it also causes tangible problems. I propose that a solidarity-based perspective entails a relational approach and as such helps to formulate new solutions to complex ethical and regulatory questions, ranging from caring for people at the end of their lives to improving policies for organ donation and better governance of health data. It also underscores the importance of universal health care. Although a solidarity-based perspective does not require health to be seen as an individually enforceable right, it does influence our understanding of individual rights: it draws attention to how their meaning is shaped by shared social practices. I conclude by arguing that, in light of current pressures for medicine to become more personalized, using a relational understanding of personhood to shape policies and practices is a much needed endeavor.
David Frisby’s ‘Streetscapes of Modernity’
Authors: Giannakopoulou Georgia
Published: October 2017

Since 2010, I have been organizing David Frisby’s archive. While there are two identical copies of the David Frisby Electronic Archive, in Glasgow and in Athens, each archive holds single hard copies of the original documents. As Tanya Frisby intended, the primary aim of the archive is to invite further explorations of Frisby’s social theory close to, but not necessarily limited to, Simmel studies. In this context, this article introduces and discusses Frisby’s last unpublished writings on streets and suggests that, if placed in the wider context of his work, they suggest various ways of deciphering ‘modern society’.
A mouse model of subcortical vascular dementia reflecting degeneration of cerebral white matter and microcirculation
Authors: Lee Eek-Sung , Yoon Jin-Hui , Choi Jiye , Andika Faris R , Lee Taekwan , Jeong Yong
Published: October 2017

Subcortical vascular dementia(SVaD) is associated with white matter damage, lacunar infarction, and degeneration of cerebral microcirculation. Currently available mouse models can mimic only partial aspects of human SVaD features. Here, we combined bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) with a hyperlipidaemia model in order to develop a mouse model of SVaD; 10- to 12-week-old apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-deficient or wild-type C57BL/6J mice were subjected to sham operation or chronic cerebral hypoperfusion with BCAS using micro-coils. Behavioural performance (locomotion, spatial working memory, and recognition memory), histopathological findings (white matter damage, microinfarctions, astrogliosis), and cerebral microcirculation (microvascular density and blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity) were investigated. ApoE-deficient mice subjected to BCAS showed impaired locomotion, spatial working memory, and recognition memory. They also showed white matter damage, multiple microinfarctions, astrogliosis, reduction in microvascular density, and BBB breakdown. The combination of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion and ApoE deficiency induced cognitive decline and cerebrovascular pathology, including white matter damage, multiple microinfarctions, and degeneration of cerebral microcirculation. Together, these features are all compatible with those of patients with SVaD. Thus, the proposed animal model is plausible for investigating SVaD pathophysiology and for application in preclinical drug studies.
Granulomatous Necrotizing Myositis in Swine Affected by Porcine Circovirus Disease
Authors: Konradt Guilherme , Cruz Raquel A. S. , Bassuino Daniele M. , Bianchi Matheus V. , de Andrade Caroline P. , da Silva Fernando S. , Driemeier David , Pavarini Saulo P.
Published: October 2017

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is associated with multiple clinical syndromes in pigs, known as porcine circovirus diseases. This work describes an outbreak of porcine circovirus diseases with severe lesions affecting the skeletal muscle. Ninety-two pigs had apathy, weight loss, and diarrhea over a clinical course of 7 to 10 days. Approximately 30 of the pigs had stiff gait, muscle weakness, hind limb paresis, and recumbency. Twelve of the 92 pigs were necropsied, and 4 had pale discoloration of skeletal muscles with microscopic lesions of granulomatous necrotizing myositis. Immunohistochemistry of skeletal muscle showed that PCV2 antigen was located primarily in the cytoplasm and nuclei of macrophages, lymphocytes, and multinucleated giant cells, with a lower amount in the cytoplasm of endothelial cells, necrotic fibers, and satellite cells. Affected muscle samples were polymerase chain reaction–positive for PCV2 and the amplicon exhibited 99% identity with sequences belonging to the PCV2b genotype. Locomotor clinical signs and granulomatous necrotizing myositis should be considered as another expression of PCV2 infection in pigs.
Hepatic Mastocytosis in Japanese Black Cattle
Authors: Ohfuji Susumu
Published: October 2017

In 5 Japanese Black steers (2-2.4 years old) that originated from 5 different feedlots, the livers were found at slaughter to have multiple nodular or cordlike lesions (5 steers) and an extensive fibrotic area (1 steer). Microscopic changes included extensive fibroplasia in the portal tracts and chronic proliferative endophlebitis-like lesions confined to the portal vein branches. Fibroplasia was much more prominent in the macroscopic fibrotic lesion of 1 steer. Portal vein branches presented irregular variciform dilation of the vascular lumen and fibroplastic changes in the subendothelial areas that showed occasional hemorrhage and were simultaneously infiltrated with large numbers of mast cells and moderate to large numbers of eosinophils. Within these subendothelial regions, not only did mast cells exhibit cytologically atypical features, but they also formed multifocal nodules. The venous lesions may represent a variant of mastocytosis with specific involvement of the hepatic portal vein branches in cattle.
Genotoxic evaluation of newly synthesized iminothiazolidinones
Authors: Tugcu Fatma Tulay , Turhan Kadir , Karadayi Mehmet , Gulluce Medine
Published: October 2017

The current study was designed to assess the potential toxicological effects of newly synthesized iminothiazolidinones by employing Ames Salmonella, Escherichia coli WP2, Zea mays seed germination, and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay systems. The bacterial tester strains S. typhimurium TA1535, TA1537, TA1538, TA98, TA100, and E. coli WP2 uvrA were chosen to test the direct gene mutation inducing capabilities of the test materials in prokaryotic systems and Z. mays seeds for determination of potential toxicological effects in eukaryotic systems. OPA-3 and OPA-6 primers were used in the RAPD analysis to determine genotoxic activities on the eukaryotic genomes. According to the results, none of the test materials showed significant mutagenic activity on the bacterial tester strains at the chosen concentrations. Additionally, none of the tested compounds showed inhibition of the germination of Z. mays seeds. In contrast, the RAPD analysis results were inconsistent with the bacterial reversion assays and the seed germination assay results. All test materials significantly changed the RAPD profiles for OPA-3; however, only compound 5 showed a significant change for OPA-6 when compared with the control groups. In conclusion, the newly synthesized iminothiazolidinone derivatives (C1–C5) were determined as potentially genotoxic compounds and they should be checked with multiple toxicology test systems before further studies to determine their actual use.
Long-Term Quality of Life After Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in ARDS Survivors: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wilcox M. Elizabeth , Jaramillo-Rocha Valente , Hodgson Carol , Taglione Michael S. , Ferguson Niall D. , Fan Eddy
Published: October 2017

Purpose:

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an increasingly prevalent treatment for acute respiratory failure (ARF). To evaluate the impact of ECMO support on long-term outcomes for critically ill adults with ARF.

Methods:

We searched electronic databases 1948 through to November 30 2016; selected controlled trials or observational studies of critically ill adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome, examining long-term morbidity specifically health-related quality of life (HRQL); 2 authors independently selected studies, extracted data, and assessed methodological quality.

Analysis:

Of the 633 citations, 1 randomized controlled trial and 5 observational studies met the selection criteria. Overall quality of observational studies was moderate to high (mean score on Newcastle-Ottawa scale, 7.2/9; range, 6-8). In 3 studies (n = 245), greater decrements in HRQL were seen for survivors of ECMO when compared to survivors of conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) as measured by the Short Form 36 (SF-36) scores ([ECMO-CMV]: 5.40 [95% confidence interval, CI, 4.11 to 6.68]). As compared to CMV survivors, those who received ECMO experienced significantly less psychological morbidity (2 studies; n = 217 [ECMO-CMV]: mean weighted difference [MWD], −1.31 [95% CI, −1.98 to −0.64] for depression and MWD, −1.60 [95% CI, −1.80 to −1.39] for anxiety).

Conclusions:

Further studies are required to confirm findings and determine prognostic factors associated with more favorable outcomes in survivors of ECMO.
Assessing the Link Between Intimate Partner Violence and Postrelationship Stalking: A Gender-Inclusive Study
Authors: Senkans Svenja , McEwan Troy E. , Ogloff James R. P.
Published: October 2017

The link between intimate partner violence (IPV) during a relationship and postrelationship stalking (PRS) is poorly understood. The vast majority of relevant studies focus either on male perpetration or female victimization and use highly selective samples. The current study aimed to illuminate the link between IPV and PRS perpetration and victimization, respectively. To this end, heterosexual male and female university students ( n = 422) retrospectively self-reported on IPV during their most conflicted relationship and a wide range of pursuit behavior after the dissolution of this romantic relationship. Using empirical criteria, participants were classified as stalkers or nonstalkers based on their responses. A relationship between male-perpetrated IPV and PRS perpetration was detected. There was no systematic relationship between IPV and PRS perpetration in women. In contrast, there was a link between IPV and stalking victimization that followed a similar, linear trend in both male and female victims. A larger proportion of participants were classified as stalking victims as IPV severity increased. Implications for research (e.g., the importance of gender-inclusive studies), clinical practice (e.g., how to prevent stalking after an abusive relationship), and future directions (e.g., the need for prospective studies using more diverse samples) are discussed.
“More Closeted Than Gayness Itself”: The Depiction of Same-Sex Couple Violence in Newspaper Media
Authors: Estes Michelle L. , Webber Gretchen R.
Published: October 2017

Same-sex intimate partner violence (IPV) lacks mainstream news media coverage. News media report on those stories that are most prominent, and these stories are often shaped and presented within a White, heterosexual, upper-class, male framework. This framework largely ignores or misrepresents those that do not fit these characteristics, resulting in a gap in research and coverage of same-sex IPV. This article explores whether U.S. newspapers cover same-sex IPV, how often, and how same-sex couple violence is portrayed in newspapers when covered. Twenty-five newspaper articles published from 2005 to 2015, 10 years prior to the U.S. Supreme Court decision that legalized same-sex marriage, were located and analyzed. Findings indicate sparse newspaper coverage of IPV in same-sex couples. Ten articles highlight the lack of coverage and knowledge related to same-sex couple IPV. Eighteen articles address same-sex IPV as a social issue and highlight resource concerns, police involvement, and heteronormativity and heterosexism. Sixteen articles depict specific instances of IPV in same-sex couples. The overall lack of coverage and how same-sex IPV is covered remains problematic and limited. More mainstream and accurate coverage is needed to effectively address this social issue. Limitations and directions for future research are also discussed.
Effects of a Home Visiting Program on Parenting: Mediating Role of Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Easterbrooks M. Ann , Fauth Rebecca C. , Lamoreau Renee
Published: October 2017

Young women aged 18 to 24 years are in the highest risk group for intimate partner violence (IPV), and adolescent mothers are at particularly high risk for IPV and for risky health behaviors. Exposure to IPV may contribute to parenting stress and risky behaviors, and may compromise parenting behavior and healthy child development. The present study examined whether program effects of a statewide home visiting program for adolescent parents on young mothers’ parenting stress and risky behaviors measured 2 years post program enrollment were mediated by program effects on their exposure to IPV measured 1 year post enrollment. Using longitudinal data from a subsample of young mothers ( n = 448; 58% program, 42% control) who participated in a randomized controlled trial evaluation of a statewide home visiting program, Healthy Families Massachusetts (HFM), we estimated path analyses to examine whether home visiting program effects observed on IPV mediated home visiting program effects on subsequent assessments of parenting distress and mothers’ risky behaviors. Findings indicated that IPV mediated associations between home visiting program effects on mothers’ parenting distress and risky behavior. Although most newborn home visiting programs do not have an explicitly stated goal of reducing IPV, helping mothers and their partners to reduce violent behavior can have further-reaching impacts on other key goals of home visiting programs, such as parenting stress and risky behaviors.
Physical properties of lyocell-reinforced polypropylene composites from intermingled fibre with varying fibre volume fractions
Authors: Cordin Michael , Bechtold Thomas
Published: October 2017

Polypropylene (PP)-cellulose fibre blends exhibit substantial potential for the production of high-performance textile fibre–reinforced composites. The production of reinforced parts from PP-cellulose composites through thermal shaping of intermingled fibre blends is a strategy to form parts which exhibit superior mechanical properties. In this study, the use of intermingled fibre slivers with different ratios of lyocell fibres (CLY) and PP fibres as raw materials for thermally formed composites was investigated. Such a concept will maximize the interface between the reinforcement fibres and polymer matrix. The cellulose fibres remain oriented along the direction in which the drawing process was performed, which forms the basis for tailored fibre placement in technical production. Because of good surface contact between the cellulose fibre surface and PP matrix, no special coupling agents were required to improve the interfacial adhesion between the two different polymers. The share of CLY and PP fibres in the composite varied from 50% w/w CLY content, up to 70% w/w CLY. Besides analysis of the mechanical properties, such as tensile strength and E-modulus, attention was directed towards moisture sorption of the composites. The rate of sorption and amount of water bound in the composite were found to be dependent on the cellulose fibre content. Composites with a higher CLY content exhibited a more rapid and higher moisture uptake. In water saturated state, the ultimate tensile strength of composites reduced from 160 MPa to 90 MPa, which is an indicator for a reduced adhesion between the CLY surface and PP matrix. The results indicate the potential of the intermingled fibre concept blend for the efficient manufacturing of composite parts.
Study of the flame retardant properties of short carbon fiber–reinforced epoxy composites
Authors: Chai Guo-qiang , Wang Zhi , Zhang Xu
Published: October 2017

Short carbon fiber–reinforced epoxy composites (SCFRPs) are attracting increasing attention because of their excellent mechanical properties and simple molding process. However, their mechanical, magnetic, and electrical performances have been the main concern, while their flame retardant performance has not been comprehensively studied. In this article, short carbon fiber–reinforced epoxy resin composites were prepared via the method of solution blending. The effects of carbon fiber on the flame retardancy and thermal stability of epoxy resin composites were studied by a UL-94 horizontal combustion test, a cone calorimetry test, and thermogravimetry analysis. The results showed that when the short carbon fiber was 0.7 wt%, the combustion level of the material increased from FH-1 to FH-2; the peak values of the heat release rate and total heat release were reduced by 31.6% and 11.36%, respectively. Thermogravimetry analysis showed that the temperature at the maximum decomposition rate was improved by 9°C, and the decomposition rate was decreased simultaneously. The mechanical properties of the composites were improved as well.
The kinematics and mechanical advantage of the double-toggle jaw crusher
Authors: Oduori Moses F , Mutuli Stephen M , Munyasi David M
Published: October 2017

The purpose of this article is to obtain a comprehensive mathematical description of the kinematics of a double-toggle jaw crusher. The driving mechanism of the crusher is modeled as a planar six bar linkage. Two closed position vector loops that characterize the configuration of the mechanism are used to derive expressions for the angular position, velocity and acceleration of the moveable jaw. Dimensional data of a typical double-toggle jaw crusher are used in the derived mathematical expressions to demonstrate their application. Moreover, starting with the equation for the angular velocity ratio of the moveable jaw, with respect to the input crank, an expression for the ideal mechanical advantage of the crusher is derived. The expressions derived in this paper provide the foundation for further investigations into the mechanics and the design of the double-toggle jaw crusher.
An improved model for tip clearance loss in transonic axial compressors
Authors: Ye Shubo , Zhao Qingjun , Cui Weiwei , Xi Guang , Xu Jianzhong
Published: October 2017

An improved compressible model for estimating tip clearance loss in transonic compressors is presented with the emphasis on the effects of blade tip loading distribution and double leakage flow. Tip clearance flow is treated as three parts along the chord and the progressive relations from upstream to downstream part is revealed to be responsible for the formation of tip clearance flow. Control volume method is applied to simplify the mixing process and calculate the mixed-out loss for the three parts, separately. Computational study shows that mass flow of the incoming flow entering the control volume is consistent with that passing through an equivalent area of about half of tip leakage vortex region. The new model reveals that the second part of tip clearance flow has a larger mixed-out loss capacity than the two other parts. This difference is attributed to two factors: larger injection flow angle and more enrolled incoming flow, and both factors tend to increase the mixed-out loss. The success of the model implies that blade design or flow control strategies turning the tip clearance/main flow interface’s arrival onto blade tip pressure side downstream and the shock’s impingement point onto blade tip suction side upstream may be beneficial in desensitizing compressor performance to tip clearance size, without trading off pressure rise.