bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La construction de nouvelles relations entre contrôleur de gestion et managers opérationnels dans le contexte d’un contrôle de gestion décentralisé
Authors: Ennajem Cécile
Published: October 2019

Dans le cadre d’un contrôle de gestion décentralisé, nous étudions l’évolution du rôle du contrôleur de gestion sous l’angle de ses relations interpersonnelles avec les managers opérationnels. Les résultats présentés sont issus de recherches-interventions menées dans trois entreprises. Nous mettons en évidence trois nouvelles missions du contrôleur de gestion : conseiller, avec un rôle d’assistant et d’interface entre les différentes catégories d’acteurs ; médiateur, comme dans la littérature en contrôle de gestion, qui fournit des chiffres, des informations et des études pour justifier les choix de la direction générale, mais qui aide aussi à remettre en question les raisonnements, les certitudes et postulats du décideur ; animateur auprès de la Direction générale et des managers opérationnels, car il permet d’améliorer la qualité des relations internes, de la coopération opérationnels-fonctionnels et l’utilisation des outils de contrôle de gestion.
Acceptation ou refus de la vidéo-protection par les collaborateurs : influence des facteurs de contingence lors de la mise en place de la vidéo-protection
Authors: Diard Caroline
Published: October 2019

La vidéo-protection est un mode de contrôle choisi par les entreprises afin de protéger les personnes et les biens. La revue de littérature fait apparaître la notion d’acceptation d’une technologie (Fishbein et Ajzen, 1975, Davis, 1989), de « mandatory » (Chang, 2010), de contingence (Mintzberg, 1982 ; Woodward 1965). L’objet de cet article est d’étudier l’influence des facteurs de contingence dans l’acceptation ou non de la vidéo-protection. Cette contribution s’appuie sur les résultats d’une étude qualitative. Quel rôle jouent les facteurs de contingence dans l’acceptation ou le refus de la vidéo-protection par les collaborateurs ?
Pratiques de gestion des ressources humaines socialement responsables : analyse du référentiel OHSAS 18001 chez Industeel Belgium
Authors: Giuliano Romina , Van de Velde Amélie
Published: October 2019

Notre revue de la littérature sur les pratiques de gestion des ressources humaines socialement responsables nous conduit à nous questionner sur la perception des salariés envers les actions socialement responsables et l’effet que cela peut avoir sur leur comportement. L’étude porte sur le référentiel OHSAS 18001 chez Industeel Belgium et un questionnaire est établi afin d’étudier le ressenti des travailleurs sur ces actions. Les conclusions de l’enquête soulignent le principe selon lequel tous les niveaux de l’organisation doivent être impliqués afin que la politique santé et sécurité soit efficace et que tous les membres du personnel se sentent davantage motivés. De plus, il semble qu’une attention particulière doit être portée aux ouvriers. Enfin, un dernier constat est le décalage entre le niveau d’implication de certains membres de la hiérarchie.
Le pilotage de l’innovation : des contrôles et des hommes
Authors: Batac Julien , Maymo Vincent
Published: October 2019

Si le modèle des leviers de contrôle de Simons (1995) permet d’étudier l’influence du contrôle sur la stratégie et l’innovation, il néglige le caractère politique de l’innovation (Henderson et Clark, 1990) et l’influence des jeux d’acteurs dans l’articulation entre systèmes de contrôle (Tessier et Otley, 2012). Au travers d’une étude de cas réalisée entre 2000 et 2013 au sein d’une banque de détail, nous montrons que le pilotage de l’innovation est influencé par les stratégies individuelles des managers et ne se limite pas une relation univoque dans le sens « contrôle-innovation ».
Évaluation de l’impact des stratégies de parrainage et co-marquage : une netnographie des réseaux sociaux
Authors: Trespeuch Léo , Robinot Élisabeth
Published: October 2019

Avec l’émergence du web 2.0 et des réseaux sociaux, le marketing est entré dans l’ère de l’hyper mesurabilité. Cependant une question demeure, quelles sont les stratégies d’alliance les plus efficaces sur les réseaux sociaux ? Pour répondre à cette question, une netnographie de 6 communautés virtuelles totalisant 554 725 fans sur Facebook a été réalisée. Les principaux résultats montrent que le parrainage d’athlètes est le plus performant au regard des commentaires et du nombre de « j’aime » générés. Aussi une approche qualitative a permis de mettre en lumière des réactions affectives de joie et de peur associées au parrainage.
Réflexion sur le cadre théorique pour l’intégration des normes qualité de la formation professionnelle dans les organismes de formation
Authors: Bensimhon Larry , Miel Yannick
Published: October 2019

La formation professionnelle continue est de manière inédite soumise à une normalisation de la qualité. Le cadre normatif de la qualité qui en découle s’impose à tous les organismes de formation sous peine d’être privés de leur principal système de financement : les fonds de la formation professionnelle. L’objectif de cet article est d’explorer le cadre théorique sur lequel peut s’appuyer l’étude de ce phénomène afin de travailler sur l’émergence d’une méthode d’accompagnement qui permettrait aux organismes de formation de valoriser l’intégration des normes qualité.
La détresse financière de l’entreprise et le nombre de réserves et de paragraphes post-opinion : une analyse comparative des périodes avant et après la révolution tunisienne
Authors: Moalla Hanen
Published: October 2019

L’objectif de cette recherche est d’étudier la relation entre la détresse financière de l’entreprise et le nombre de réserves et de paragraphes post-opinion, formulés par l’auditeur externe. L’étude a été menée en Tunisie, un pays en développement, ayant connu une révolution déclenchée en décembre 2010, suivie d’un ralentissement économique sans précédent. Les données sont collectées auprès de 89 entreprises faisant appel public à l’épargne, sur une période de 12 ans (2005-2016). Les résultats ont montré que l’auditeur externe formule un nombre plus élevé de réserves, après la révolution, pour le même niveau de détresse financière.
Quel risque pour le lanceur d’alerte ? L’accusation de déloyauté
Authors: Cailleba Patrice
Published: October 2019

Le premier risque que court le lanceur d’alerte est l’accusation de déloyauté. Lorsque le lanceur d’alerte interne met à mal la réputation de son employeur via son alerte, ce dernier essaie de le déconsidérer en mettant à jour son manque de « bonne foi ». Dans cet article, nous nous interrogerons sur l’importance en filigrane de la loyauté en droit français avant d’examiner les différents types de loyauté. Puis, nous considérerons le moyen de dépasser ce risque d’accusation. Ceci passe par une forme de « loyauté rationnelle » qui s’impose d’elle-même au « whistle-blower », quel qu’en soit le prix.
Intersections of Counseling, Psychiatry, Cardiology, and Pharmacology to Assist in Depression and Cardiac Function
Authors: Pompeo-Fargnoli Alyson
Published: October 2019

In the evolving healthcare landscape, providers, patients, and insurers are seeking synergistic ways to improve quality and lower costs. The following presents the attainment of this synergy through a clinical case, illustrating proper patient diagnosis and care, as well as provider knowledge of best treatment practices. This specific case illustrates this through the management of a patient who recently experienced a cardiac event and subsequent depression.
Artifacts in cranial MRI caused by extracranial foreign bodies and analysis of these foreign bodies
Authors: Kayaci Selim , Tabak Ahmet , Durur-Subasi Irmak , Eldes Tugba , Koksal Vaner , Sirin Murat , Arslan Yusuf Kemal
Published: October 2019

Purpose: The purpose of our study was to conduct a chemical analysis of extracranial foreign bodies (FBs) causing artifacts in cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to investigate the association between chemical composition, magnetic susceptibility, and artifact size. Materials and Methods: A total of 12 patients were included in the study. The FBs responsible for the artifacts were visualized using cranial computed tomography (CT). Artifact-causing FBs were removed from the scalps of 10 patients and analyzed using scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (X-RD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The magnetic susceptibility of the samples was determined using the reference standard material MnCl2.6H2O. The volume of the MRI artifacts was measured in cubic centimeters (cm3). Results: EDS results demonstrated that the mean Fe ratio was 5.82% in the stone samples and 0.08% in the glass samples. Although no phase peaks were detected in the X-RD spectra of the glass samples, peaks of Fe2O3, Al2Ca (SiO4) were detected in the X-RD spectra of the stone samples. The FT-IR spectra revealed metal oxide peaks corresponding to Fe, Al, in the stone samples and peaks confirming Al2SiO5and Na2SiO3structures in the glass samples. The mean volumes of the MRI artifacts produced by the stone and glass samples were 5.9 cm3 and 2.5 cm3, respectively. Conclusions: Artifacts caused by extracranial FBs containing metal/metal oxide components are directly associated with their chemical composition and the artifact size are also related to element composition and magnetic susceptibility.
Left atrial isomerism associated with aneurysmal enlargement of right atrial appendage: A case report with literature review
Authors: Agarwal Prateek , Agarwal Rajesh Kumar
Published: October 2019

We present a prenatally diagnosed case of heterotaxy syndrome (HS) in which left atrial isomerism (LAI) was associated with an aneurysmal enlargement of the right atrial appendage (RAA). Although LAI is usually associated with complex cardiac and extracardiac anomalies, the association of LAI and right atrial appendage aneurysm (RAAA) is exceptional. Congenital RAAA itself is an idiopathic, very rare cardiac anomaly characterized by the enlargement of the appendage in the absence of any other cardiac or extra-cardiac defect. The prognosis of the heterotaxy is poor with associated major cardiac malformations and even cases with minor cardiac anomalies are at risk postnatally for complications like biliary atresia, intestinal rotational abnormalities, and immune disorders. In this case, the prenatal diagnosis of the isomerism was mainly based on the abnormalities of caval veins. Although no typical complex cardiac anomaly was present, the HS was associated with biliary atresia, polysplenia, and malrotation of the gut. Associated RAAA further imposed an additional risk of complications such as tachyarrhythmias, thromboembolic events, and aneurysmal rupture.
Application of feed-forward and recurrent neural network in modelling the adsorption of boron by amidoxime-modified poly(Acrylonitrile-co-Acrylic Acid)
Authors: Li Lau Kia , Jamil Siti Nurul Ain Md , Abdullah Luqman Chuah , Ibrahim Nik Nor Liyana Nik , Adekanm Adeyi Abel , Nourouzi Mohsen
Published: October 2019

This research reports application of artificial neural network (ANN) in investigation and optimisation of boron adsorption capacity in aqueous solution using amidoxime-modified poly(acrylonitrile-co-acrylic acid) (AO-modified poly(AN-co-AA)). Both feed-forward and recurrent ANN have been utilized to predict the adsorption potential of synthesised polymer. Three operational parameters, which are adsorbent dosage, initial pH and initial boron concentration during adsorption process were designed to study their effects on the removal capacity. The ANN was trained from experimental data and serviced to optimize, develop and create various prediction models in the process of boron adsorption by AO-modified poly(AN-co-AA). Among several models, radial basis function (RBF) with orthogonal least square (OLS) algorithm displayed good prediction on boron adsorption capacity with mean square error (MSE) and coefficient of determination (R2) at 0.000209 and 0.9985, respectively. With desirable the MSE and R2 values, ANN worked as a promising prediction tool that was able to generate good estimate. The simulated maximum adsorption capacity of the synthesized polymer is 15.23 ± 1.05 mg boron/g adsorbent. Besides, from the results of ANN, the AO-modified poly(AN-co-AA) was proven to be a potential adsorbent for the removal of boron in wastewater treatment.
Casa Concrete Box
Authors: Partners Architects BCHO
Published: October 2019

Esta casa busca ofrecer un retiro de la agitada vida de Seúl. Asentada en una colina tranquila y con vistas a los serenos campos de arroz de Yangpyeoung, Concrete Box House es un edificio que pretende ser primitivo y acotado; protegido y másico por fuera, con aberturas mínimas, y suave y acogedor por dentro.
Casa Tilt Roof
Authors: Partners Architects BCHO
Published: October 2019

Situada en medio de un paisaje rodeado de montañas y arrozales, a una hora al este de Seúl, la Tilt Roof House es una casa enterrada que muestra la comprensión y consideración del "Ki", el término tradicional para la energía universal que impregna todo. Tilt Roof House trata de respetar el flujo de energía natural de las montañas existentes y potencia la importante relación entre las cualidades experimentales de la naturaleza circundante y el edificio.
Galería Lee Oisoo
Authors: Partners Architects BCHO
Published: October 2019

El lugar donde se inserta este proyecto, una montaña profunda cerca de Hwacheon, es conocido por su tierra virgen, la pureza de su aire, la claridad de sus aguas y su cielo oscuro y profundo. La preservación de este paisaje idílico es uno de los objetivos del proyecto, propiciando que la arquitectura actúe en armonía y se convierta en parte de este fenómeno natural.
Sala expositiva y vivienda Gizi
Authors: Partners Architect BCHO
Published: October 2019

La Sala Expositiva y residencia GIZI es un único edificio proyectado para albergar cuatro programas diferentes: un espacio comercial, una galería, una oficina y una unidad de vivienda multifamiliar; cada uno de los espacios requiere una definición espacial diferente, adecuada a sus necesidades y funciones. 
La creatividad de género frente al sistema sexo-génerico: Voces de niñxs y adolescentes trans*
Authors: Gallardo Nieto Elena María , Espinosa Spínola María
Published: October 2019

En este artículo vamos a reflexionar sobre la manera en la que se construye el género en nuestra sociedad y sobre cómo dicha construcción es interiorizada y/o contestada por la infancia con creatividad de género. En este sentido consideramos que transgredir un sistema binario rígido de sexo/género y no responder a los mandatos socioculturales establecidos conlleva para esta niñez experimentar ciertas formas de violencia que recae sobre sus cuerpos. La finalidad de la investigación que presentamos es, por una parte, conocer la forma en la que la infancia con creatividad de género representa el sistema sexo-género desde su subjetividad y, por otra parte, mostrar las diferentes expresiones de violencia que se encarnan en sus cuerpos cuando no responden al género cis asignado en su nacimiento. El enfoque metodológico que hemos utilizado ha sido el estudio de casos y las principales técnicas de recogida de información: las entrevistas y las redacciones. La duración de la investigación ha sido de dos años, iniciando en el año 2015 y finalizando en el 2017. Lxs sujetxs que han participado en la misma han sido cinco niñxs trans* de edades comprendidas entre los nueve y los dieciséis años. Todxs ellxs residentes en la Comunidad Autónoma de Andalucía, España.
Infância subalterna: dimensões históricas das desigualdades nas condições de ser criança (Brasil, primeiras décadas republicanas)
Authors: Veiga Cynthia Greive
Published: October 2019

Este artigo aborda a perspectiva da produção da infância subalterna, por meio do referencial teórico do sociólogo Norbert Elias e de autores pós-colonialistas e especialistas em “estudos subalternos”, como Gayatri Spivak, Andre Quijano e Enrique Dussel. Para desenvolvimento do tema, é realizada pesquisa histórica, utilizando-se de fontes documentais diversas sobre a diferenciação e desigualdade escolar brasileira, com ênfase nas primeiras décadas republicanas e no estado de Minas Gerais. Discute-se como a oferta escolar diferenciada e desigual, associada ao trabalho infantil, aprofundou as desigualdades da condição de ser criança, contribuindo para a produção de subalternidade das crianças pobres, negras e mestiças e do estigma de sua inferioridade.
Facing the Tides
Authors: Finger Harald , Lopez Murphy Pablo
Published: October 2019

This paper looks empirically at some economic effects of volatile exchange rates and financial conditions and examines policy responses for managing such volatility.
It also sheds light on some economic costs that stem from volatile capital flows and exchange rates and analyzes how countries deploy their policy toolkits in response. The data-driven analysis should contribute to ongoing reflections about how to manage volatile capital flows and exchange rates both in Asian EMEs and more broadly.
Forecasting of regional methane from coal mine emissions in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin using the on-line nested global regional chemistry climate model MECO(n)(MESSy v2.53)
Authors: Nickl Anna-Leah , Mertens Mariano , Roiger Anke , Fix Andreas , Amediek Axel , Fiehn Alina , Gerbig Christoph , Galkowski Michal , Kerkweg Astrid , Klausner Theresa , Eckl Maximilian , Jöckel Patrick
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Methane is the second most important greenhouse gas in terms of anthropogenic radiative forcing. Since pre-industrial times, the globally averaged dry mole fraction of methane in the atmosphere has increased considerably. Emissions from coal mining are one of the primary anthropogenic methane sources. However, our knowledge about different sources and sinks of methane is still subject to great uncertainties. Comprehensive measuring campaigns, as well as reliable chemistry climate models, are required to fully understand the global methane budget and to further develop future climate mitigation strategies. The CoMet 1.0 campaign (May to June 2018) combined airborne in-situ, as well as passive and active remote sensing measurements to quantify the emissions from coal mining in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB, Poland). Roughly 502 kt of methane are emitted from the ventilation shafts per year. In order to help the campaigns flight planning, we performed 6-day forecasts using the on-line coupled, three times nested global and regional chemistry climate model MECO(n). We applied three nested COSMO/MESSy instances going down to a spatial resolution of 2.8 km over the USCB. The nested global/regional model system allows for the separation of local emission contributions from fluctuations in the background methane. Here we introduce the forecast setup and assess the model skill by comparing different observations with the individual forecast simulations. Results show that MECO(3) is able to simulate the observed methane plumes and the large scale patterns (including vertically integrated values) reasonably well. Furthermore we receive reasonable forecast results up to forecast day four.
A Translation Into English of Khalil I. Al-Fuzai’s (Note 1) “Wednesday Train” (Note 2)
Authors: H. Dohal Gassim
Published: October 2019

Saleh leaves his village for the city, searching for a job. When he gets there, he cannot find even a place to sleep that night. Life in the city is not as easy as Saleh thought.The story, at the beginning, focuses on a social custom: people accompany travelers to a station or airport. Sometimes the travelers need no help, yet relatives or friends join them anyway up to a particular spot. In many cases, the well-wishers make it difficult for the traveler, who gets embarrassed and tries to observe etiquette at the expense of keeping watch over personal cards, baggage, and children in those crowded places. Hence, those well-wishers may become a burden rather than a help.Another issue the story depicts are the jammed conditions of public transportation. In trains, cars, and buses, one can see people standing and walking: “after three hours he spent standing... Saleh arrives... at the city.” The only transportation where travelers should buckle up in Saudi Arabia is airplanes. Recently, efforts were made to improve these conditions, but cooperation from the public is important for any progress in this respect.On the other hand, readers may notice the protagonist’s treatment of both his wife and mother; “he bids farewell to his mother warmly, and to his wife lukewarmly.” In addition, he is going to leave his wife and children with his mother; this is the normal tendency in Saudi Arabian society.
Examining the Role of Partners in Improving Innovation Performance
Authors: F. Al-Zu’bi Zu’bi M.
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this paper is to study the innovation performance with regards to the input of collaborative partners in new product development processes leading to an innovation. A thoroughly-designed questionnaire was distributed to operations managers of 729 manufacturers. Data collected was subjected to regression analysis indicating significant comparative effect on innovation performance in favor of lead users.
Graniczna płatność podatku od towarów i usług z tytułu wewnątrzwspólnotowego nabycia towarów jako sposób przeciwdziałania oszustwom karuzelowym (doświadczenie i koncepcje zmian)
Authors: Modzelewski Witold , Betiuk Martyna
Published: October 2019

Brak faktycznego opodatkowania nabycia wewnątrzwspólnotowego towarów oraz tzw. krajowego obciążenia, stał się podstawą jeszcze bardziej „efektywnych” form wyłudzania podatku od towarów i usług, a przede wszystkim zwrotów tego podatku.
EXPERIMENTAL DEVICE TO EVALUATE MINERAL TRAPPING IN SANDSTONES AS A MEANS OF SUPERCRITICAL CO2 (scCO2) STORAGE
Authors: VALLE LAURA , GRIMA OLMEDO CARLOS , RODRIGUEZ PONS RAMON , LLOPIS ALBERT CARLOS
Published: October 2019

Carbon dioxide is the main Greenhouse Gas (GHG) due to its abundance in the atmosphere. CO2 capture and storage (CCS) technologies contribute to mitigate the effects of climate change by reducing their emissions. This requires appropriate geological environments such as deep saline aquifers with great potential on an industrial scale in Spain. They must have appropriate characteristics to ensure the tightness of CO2 and the technical viability of the injection process. The capacity of the storage is conditioned by the trap mechanisms that take place in depth. In this work, the static configuration of the ATAP (High Temperature-High Pressure) test device has been developed to reproduce the mineralization trap mechanism or mineral sequestration by applying it to a sandstone aquifer for supercritical CO2 storage (SCCO2). The equipment allows to observe the changes produced in a rock sample after it has been saturated with the fluids existing in the store (brine and SCCO2), under the pressure and temperature conditions characteristic of storage (up to 120ºC and 500 bar). To verify these changes, the technique of computed axial tomography and He pycnometry were used. The variations of porosity produced in the storage rock are compared with those obtained in studies of SCCO2 saturation by injection and in reactor carried out by other authors.

Keywords: Mineral trapping, deep saline aquifer, sandstone storage, supercritical CO2, high pressure and temperature equipment
Ecosystem-based Adaptation to Climate Change – Policy Making and Institutional Framework in Kenya’s Mt. Elgon Forest Ecosystem
Authors: Omwenga Jusper Maranga , Omondi Paul , Daudi Fatuma
Published: October 2019

Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA) is a strategy that relies on forest landscape’s biodiversity management and restoration to enhance the sustainable production and supply of ecosystem goods and services as alternative livelihoods to cushion the society against the negative impacts of climate change. As climate change becomes a reality, adaptation measures which are cost effective and economically beneficial are urgently required. Mount Elgon ecosystem in the western region of Kenya has EbA characteristics which could offer longer term solutions to adaptation to climate change impacts while providing a range of other benefits in terms of ecosystem goods and services. This paper established the existing capacities for Ecosystem based adaptation inclusion in the sub-national adaptation plans and policies in order to improve resilience to climate change impacts in the Mt. Elgon ecosystem. To achieve this, a descriptive survey was carried involving 405 household and 51 government and civil society respondent drawn from Saboti, Kiminini, Endebess and Kwanza sub-counties, Transnzoia County in Kenya. Results showed that there were good institutional representations in Mt. Elgon ecosystem with line ministries largely being responsible (63.4%) for the management of the individual natural resources that occur in the Mt. Elgon ecosystem while a few others were either co-managed (9.7%) or managed by the County Government of Transnzoia (9.7%). Majority (77%) of household respondents observed uncoordinated approach in ecosystem management. This should be addressed in order to increase ecosystem health which eventually leads to enhanced EbA services. Majority (73.2%) of government and civil society respondents cite inter-sectoral policy inconsistencies and conflicts as contributors to degradation of ecosystem health in the study area. This too has impacted negatively on EbA. A major conclusion in the study was that consolidation and harmonization of ecosystem policies in the Mt. Elgon’s ecosystem will lead to a healthy landscape that provides sustainable EbA services.
A DISCRICIONARIEDADE DA BUROCRACIA DE RUA: OUTRA ANÁLISE SOBRE O SEU PAPEL NA IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DA POLÍTICA DE SAÚDE PARA A POPULAÇÃO NEGRA EM SALVADOR – BA
Authors: Da Silva Deise Queiroz
Published: October 2019

Este artigo buscou levantar quais fatores convergiram para que a política de saúde para a população negra fosse implementada em Salvador durante o período compreendido entre 2005 e 2012, mediante diversas mudança institucionais, arranjos políticos e migrações partidárias. Para isso, foi feito um levantamento bibliográfico e uma pesquisa nos documentos produzidos durante e após o período em questão, considerando a relevância do racismo institucional, bem como a discricionariedade da burocracia de rua para o processo de implementação
Schizophrenia—An Overview
Authors: McCutcheon Robert A. , Reis Marques Tiago , Howes Oliver D.
Published: October 2019

Importance

Schizophrenia is a common, severe mental illness that most clinicians will encounter regularly during their practice. This report provides an overview of the clinical characteristics, epidemiology, genetics, neuroscience, and psychopharmacology of schizophrenia to provide a basis to understand the disorder and its treatment. This educational review is integrated with a clinical case to highlight how recent research findings can inform clinical understanding.

Observations

The first theme considered is the role of early-life environmental and genetic risk factors in altering neurodevelopmental trajectories to predispose an individual to the disorder and leading to the development of prodromal symptoms. The second theme is the role of cortical excitatory-inhibitory imbalance in the development of the cognitive and negative symptoms of the disorder. The third theme considers the role of psychosocial stressors, psychological factors, and subcortical dopamine dysfunction in the onset of the positive symptoms of the disorder. The final theme considers the mechanisms underlying treatment for schizophrenia and common adverse effects of treatment.

Conclusions and Relevance

Schizophrenia has a complex presentation with a multifactorial cause. Nevertheless, advances in neuroscience have identified roles for key circuits, particularly involving frontal, temporal, and mesostriatal brain regions, in the development of positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms. Current pharmacological treatments operate using the same mechanism, blockade of dopamine D2 receptor, which contribute to their adverse effects. However, the circuit mechanisms discussed herein identify novel potential treatment targets that may be of particular benefit in symptom domains not well served by existing medications.
Take the shortcut – direct conversion of somatic cells into induced neural stem cells and their biomedical applications
Authors: Erharter Anita , Rizzi Sandra , Mertens Jerome , Edenhofer Frank
Published: October 2019

Second‐generation reprogramming of somatic cells directly into the cell type of interest avoids induction of pluripotency and subsequent cumbersome differentiation procedures. Several recent studies have reported direct conversion of human somatic cells into stably proliferating induced neural stem cells (iNSCs). Importantly, iNSCs are easier, faster, and more cost‐efficient to generate than induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and also have a higher level of clinical safety. Stably, self‐renewing iNSCs can be derived from different cellular sources, such as skin fibroblasts and peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and readily differentiate into neuronal and glial lineages that are indistinguishable from their iPSC‐derived counterparts or from NSCs isolated from primary tissues. This review focuses on the derivation and characterization of iNSCs and their biomedical applications. We first outline different approaches to generate iNSCs and then discuss the underlying molecular mechanisms. Finally, we summarize the preclinical validation of iNSCs to highlight that these cells are promising targets for disease modeling, autologous cell therapy, and precision medicine.
Cardiovascular factors are related to dopamine integrity and cognition in aging
Authors: Karalija Nina , Wåhlin Anders , Ek Jesper , Rieckmann Anna , Papenberg Goran , Salami Alireza , Brandmaier Andreas M. , Köhncke Ylva , Johansson Jarkko , Andersson Micael , Axelsson Jan , Orädd Greger , Riklund Katrine , Lövdén Martin , Lindenberger Ulman , Bäckman Lars , Nyberg Lars
Published: October 2019

Objective

The aging brain undergoes several changes, including reduced vascular, structural, and dopamine (DA) system integrity. Such brain changes have been associated with age‐related cognitive deficits. However, their relative importance, interrelations, and links to risk factors remain elusive.

Methods

The present work used magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography with 11C‐raclopride to jointly examine vascular parameters (white‐matter lesions and perfusion), DA D2‐receptor availability, brain structure, and cognitive performance in healthy older adults (n = 181, age: 64–68 years) from the Cognition, Brain, and Aging (COBRA) study.

Results

Covariance was found among several brain indicators, where top predictors of cognitive performance included caudate and hippocampal integrity (D2DR availability and volumes), and cortical blood flow and regional volumes. White‐matter lesion burden was negatively correlated with caudate DA D2‐receptor availability and white‐matter microstructure. Compared to individuals with smaller lesions, individuals with confluent lesions (exceeding 20 mm in diameter) had reductions in cortical and hippocampal perfusion, striatal and hippocampal D2‐receptor availability, white‐matter microstructure, and reduced performance on tests of episodic memory, sequence learning, and processing speed. Higher cardiovascular risk as assessed by treatment for hypertension, systolic blood pressure, overweight, and smoking was associated with lower frontal cortical perfusion, lower putaminal D2DR availability, smaller grey‐matter volumes, a larger number of white‐matter lesions, and lower episodic memory performance.

Interpretation

Taken together, these findings suggest that reduced cardiovascular health is associated with poorer status for brain variables that are central to age‐sensitive cognitive functions, with emphasis on DA integrity.
Outlier accommodation in moving‐horizon state estimation: A risk‐averse performance‐specified approach
Authors: Aghapour Elahe , Farrell Jay A.
Published: October 2019

This paper presents a novel state estimation approach for linear dynamic systems when measurements are corrupted by outliers. Since outliers can degrade the performance of state estimation, outlier accommodation is critical. The standard approach combines outlier detection utilizing Neyman‐Pearson (NP) type tests with a Kalman filter (KF). This approach ignores all residuals greater than a designer‐specified threshold. When measurements with outliers are used (ie, missed detections), both the state estimate and the error covariance matrix become corrupted. This corrupted state and covariance estimate are then the basis for all subsequent outlier decisions. When valid measurements are rejected (ie, false alarms), potentially using the corrupted state estimate and error covariance, measurement information is lost. Either using invalid information or discarding too much valid information can result in divergence of the KF. An alternative approach is moving‐horizon (MH) state estimation, which maintains all recent measurement data within a moving window with a time horizon of length L. In MH approaches, the number of measurements available for state estimation is affected by both the number of measurements per time step and the number of time steps L over which measurements are retained. Risk‐averse performance‐specified (RAPS) state estimation works within an optimization setting to choose a set of measurements that achieves a performance specification with minimum risk of outlier inclusion. This paper derives and formulates the MH‐RAPS solution for outlier accommodation. The paper also presents implementation results. The MH‐RAPS application uses Global Navigation Satellite Systems measurements to estimate the state of a moving platform using a position, velocity, and acceleration model. In this application, MH‐RAPS performance is compared with MH‐NP state estimation.
Direct Observation of Conductive Polymer Induced Inversion Layer in n‐Si and Correlation to Solar Cell Performance
Authors: Wang Rongbin , Wang Yusheng , Wu Chen , Zhai Tianshu , Yang Jiacheng , Sun Baoquan , Duhm Steffen , Koch Norbert
Published: October 2019

Heterojunctions formed by ultrathin conductive polymer [poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate)—PEDOT:PSS] films and n‐type crystalline silicon are investigated by photoelectron spectroscopy. Large shifts of Si 2p core levels upon PEDOT:PSS deposition provide evidence that a dopant‐free p–n junction, i.e., an inversion layer, is formed within Si. Among the investigated PEDOT:PSS formulations, the largest induced band bending within Si (0.71 eV) is found for PH1000 (high PEDOT content) combined with a wetting agent and the solvent additive dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Without DMSO, the induced band bending is reduced, as is also the case with a PEDOT:PSS formulation with higher PSS content. The interfacial energy level alignment correlates well with the characteristics of PEDOT:PSS/n‐Si solar cells, where high polymer conductivity and sufficient Si‐passivation are also required to achieve high power conversion efficiency.
Additive Manufacturing of Batteries
Authors: Pang Yaokun , Cao Yunteng , Chu Yihang , Liu Minghong , Snyder Kent , MacKenzie Devin , Cao Changyong
Published: October 2019

Additive manufacturing, i.e., 3D printing, is being increasingly utilized to fabricate a variety of complex‐shaped electronics and energy devices (e.g., batteries, supercapacitors, and solar cells) due to its excellent process flexibility, good geometry controllability, as well as cost and material waste reduction. In this review, the recent advances in 3D printing of emerging batteries are emphasized and discussed. The recent progress in fabricating 3D‐printed batteries through the major 3D‐printing methods, including lithography‐based 3D printing, template‐assisted electrodeposition‐based 3D printing, inkjet printing, direct ink writing, fused deposition modeling, and aerosol jet printing, are first summarized. Then, the significant achievements made in the development and printing of battery electrodes and electrolytes are highlighted. Finally, major challenges are discussed and potential research frontiers in developing 3D‐printed batteries are proposed. It is expected that with the continuous development of printing techniques and materials, 3D‐printed batteries with long‐term durability, favorable safety as well as high energy and power density will eventually be widely used in many fields.
PLGA Porous Microspheres Dry Powders for Codelivery of Afatinib‐Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles and Paclitaxel: Novel Therapy for EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Resistant Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Yang Yao , Huang Zhengwei , Li Jinyuan , Mo Ziran , Huang Ying , Ma Cheng , Wang Wenhao , Pan Xin , Wu Chuanbin
Published: October 2019

Combination therapy of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR TKIs) with other chemotherapeutic agents is a feasible strategy to overcome resistance that often occurs after 9–13 months of EGFR TKIs administration in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this study, a pulmonary microspheres system that codelivers afatinib and paclitaxel (PTX) is developed for treatment of EGFR TKIs resistant NSCLC. In this system, afatinib is loaded in stearic acid‐based solid lipid nanoparticles, then these nanoparticles and PTX are loaded in poly‐lactide‐co‐glycolide‐based porous microspheres. These inhaled microspheres systems are characterized including geometric particle size, drug encapsulation efficiency, morphology by scanning electron microscopy, specific surface area, in vitro drug release, and aerodynamic particle size. Cell experiments indicate that afatinib and PTX have a synergistic effect and the codelivery system shows a superior treatment effect in drug‐resistant NSCLC cells. The biocompatibility, pharmacokinetic, and tissue distribution experiments in Sprague–Dawley rats show that afatinib and PTX in the system can maintain 96 h of high lung concentration but low concentration in other tissues, with acceptable safety. These results demonstrate that this system may be a prospective delivery strategy for drug combination treatment in cancers developing resistance, especially drug‐resistant lung cancer.
Cell Adhesion, Morphology, and Metabolism Variation via Acoustic Exposure within Microfluidic Cell Handling Systems
Authors: Devendran Citsabehsan , Carthew James , Frith Jessica E. , Neild Adrian
Published: October 2019

Acoustic fields are capable of manipulating biological samples contained within the enclosed and highly controlled environment of a microfluidic chip in a versatile manner. The use of acoustic streaming to alter fluid flows and radiation forces to control cell locations has important clinical and life science applications. While there have been significant advances in the fundamental implementation of these acoustic mechanisms, there is a considerable lack of understanding of the associated biological effects on cells. Typically a single, simple viability assay is used to demonstrate a high proportion of living cells. However, the findings of this study demonstrate that acoustic exposure can inhibit cell attachment, decrease cell spreading, and most intriguingly increase cellular metabolic activity, all without any impact upon viability rates. This has important implications by showing that mortality studies alone are inadequate for the assessment of biocompatibility, but further demonstrates that physical manipulation of cells can also be used to influence their biological activity.
Antimonene Engineered Highly Deformable Freestanding Electrode with Extraordinarily Improved Energy Storage Performance
Authors: Yu Jiali , Zhou Jie , Yao Pingping , Xie Hui , Zhang Meng , Ji Muwei , Liu Huichao , Liu Qian , Zhu Caizhen , Xu Jian
Published: October 2019

Advanced 2D materials have spurred great interest as a new paradigm in pursuing improved energy storage performance. Herein, for the first time, antimonene is utilized as an effective active component for constructing highly deformable and editable freestanding film electrodes, as the basis of a supercapacitor with record‐breaking electrode performance. The insertion of antimonene is able to improve the environmental stability of the antimonene/MXene composite electrode and remarkably enhance the energy storage capability in both protic and neutral electrolytes. Notably, an ultrahigh specific volumetric capacitance of 4255 F cm−3 is achieved by the electrode tested in a1 m H2SO4 electrolyte, which represents the state‐of‐the‐art value reported to date for supercapacitor electrodes based on MXenes. The flexible supercapacitors constructed by the composite electrode, also demonstrate highly competitive energy and power densities: 459.75 mWh cm−3 and 3.12 W cm−3 for the asymmetrical one with a much widened potential window of 2 V in neutral electrolyte; 112.52 mWh cm−3 and 1 W cm−3 for the symmetrical configuration with an outstanding capacitance of 1265 F cm−3 in acidic media. This work sheds new light on the fabrication of high‐performance supercapacitor electrodes with functionalities in different electrolyte media and various device configurations.
Rechargeable Soft‐Matter EGaIn‐MnO2 Battery for Stretchable Electronics
Authors: Liu Dongye , Su Laisuo , Liao Jiahe , Reeja‐Jayan B. , Majidi Carmel
Published: October 2019

A rechargeable, stretchable battery composed of a liquid metal alloy (eutectic gallium‐indium; EGaIn) anode, a carbon paste, and MnO2 slurry cathode, an alkaline electrolytic hydrogel, and a soft elastomeric package is presented. The battery can stably cycle within a voltage range of 1.40–1.86 V at 1 mA cm−2 while being subject to 100% tensile strain. This is accomplished through a mechanism that involves reversible stripping and plating of gallium along with MnO2 chemical conversion. Moreover, a technique to increase the contact area between the EGaIn anode and hydrogel interface using CaCl2 additives, which reduces polarization and therefore reduces the effective current density, leading to higher discharge plateaus and lower charge plateaus. Relative to previous attempts at energy storage with liquid metal, the EGaIn‐MnO2 battery presented here shows an exceptional areal specific capacity (≈3.8 mAh cm−2) and robust, stable rechargeability over >100 charging cycles. The battery is also stable under bending, with negligible change in electrochemical properties when bent to a 2 mm radius of curvature. Batteries embedded within a wearable elastomeric sleeve can power a blue light‐emitting diode and strain‐sensing circuit. These demonstrations suggest that stretchable EGaIn‐MnO2 batteries are feasible for applications in wearable energy‐storage electronics.
Weak Bases‐Mediated Modified Favorskii Reaction‐Type Direct Alkynylation/(E)‐Alkenylation: A Unified Rapid Access to α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones and Propargyl Alcohols
Authors: Tiwari Mohit K. , Yadav Lalit , Kumar Shyamlal Bharti Rajesh , Chaudhary Sandeep
Published: October 2019

Herein, we report an unprecedented, fast, highly efficient, transition‐metal‐free, modified Favorskii reaction‐type direct alkynylation and (E)‐alkenylation protocol towards the synthesis of α,β‐unsaturated ketones and propargyl alcohols that proceeds using the combination of Cs2CO3 and Et3N as weak bases in up to 99% yields. In this reaction, aromatic aldehydes afforded α,β‐unsaturated ketones and aliphatic aldehydes furnished propargyl alcohols, respectively. A proposed mechanistic pathway illustrates the involvement of weak base‐assisted propargylation of carbonyl compounds followed by allenol‐enone tautomerism to furnish (E)‐alkenylated product.
Prospective characterization of postoperative nasal deformities in patients undergoing endoscopic endonasal skull‐base surgery
Authors: Rowan Nicholas R. , Valappil Benita , Chen Jonlin , Wang Eric W. , Gardner Paul A. , Snyderman Carl H.
Published: October 2019

Background

Surgeons have become increasingly aware of the impact of endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES) of the skull base on sinonasal‐related quality of life. Prior retrospective investigation described a correlation between nasoseptal flap (NSF) reconstruction in EES with postoperative nasal deformities, such as nasal dorsum collapse. The primary objective of this study was to prospectively evaluate the incidence of, and contributing factors to, postoperative changes in nasal structure following EES. Secondary goals included assessing subjective changes in nasal appearance as well as objective nasal analysis.

Methods

Clinical demographics and detailed perioperative information was prospectively collected for patients undergoing transsellar/suprasellar EES for skull‐base tumors. Preoperatively, 1‐month and 6‐month photographs were completed for objective photographic nasal analysis and blinded assessment by surgeons. Subjective patient feedback was also solicited.

Results

Overall, 14.7% (5/34) of patients subjectively reported postoperative nasal deformities, whereas both blinded‐surgeon and objective nasal measurements identified deformities in 12.9% (4/31) of patients. Patients with postoperative deformities were more likely to have skull‐base reconstruction with an NSF (p = 0.01) and trended toward an increased incidence in patients with nonpituitary neoplasms (p = 0.07). There were no other associations between clinical or operative characteristics and external deformities. No patients planned to undergo corrective repair.

Conclusion

External nasal deformities following EES are more frequent than previously acknowledged. Postoperative deformities appear to be associated with NSF reconstruction and may be associated with surgery for nonpituitary neoplasms. Patients should be counseled on this potential outcome, and future studies should investigate how to minimize postoperative sequela.
ADR is Out of this World: A Proposal For the Resolution of Outer‐Space Disputes
Authors: Khoukaz George
Published: October 2019

Outer‐space exploration has, for decades, been an issue of major interest at the international level.
Negotiation for the Overcommitted: A Theory‐to‐Practice Guide for Lawyers
Authors: Honeyman Chris , Schneider Andrea Kupfer
Published: October 2019

This article describes a new book, Negotiation Essentials for Lawyers, in which we have finally tackled a problem we cheerfully admit we did not address in two previous books: brevity.
U.S. Class Actions v. U.K. Mass Claims
Authors: Samuel Adam
Published: October 2019

In recent times, much has been made in U.S. arbitration law of the Supreme Court's effective prohibition of class actions in the face of arbitration clauses that do not provide for this type of proceeding.
Material‐related losses of natural rubber composites with surface‐modified nanodiamonds
Authors: Shakun Alexandra , Sarlin Essi , Vuorinen Jyrki
Published: October 2019

Dielectric elastomer generators (DEGs) offer a solution for the growing sustainable energy needs. Despite the active research on DEGs, currently used materials do not possess the required properties to achieve the full potential performance of such generators, thus, limiting an economical attractiveness of DEGs. Therefore, tailor‐made materials for DEGs are in demand. Customizing the natural rubber recipe allows both dielectric and mechanical loss reduction, while the addition of nanodiamonds lowers the stress relaxation and hysteresis loss even further. The effect is most pronounced after chemical modification of nanodiamonds with silane coupling agents. Moreover, such modified nanodiamonds show less dielectric losses compared to unmodified nanodiamonds and allow reducing the dynamic loss tangent of the compound. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48629.