bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perceptions, relationships, expectations, and challenges: Views of communication and research for scientific dissemination in Brazilian Federal Institutes
Authors: Galvão Tássia , Noll Priscilla Rayanne e Silva , Noll Matias
Published: October 2021

Communicating Brazilian science still seems to be a challenge for journalists and researchers of public institutions of education and science. In this sense, this research aims to identify and analyze scientists’ perceptions regarding the work of journalists, the relationship between these groups, the expectations, and the challenges of science communication in two Federal Institutes of Education in Brazil. We conducted a mixed study in the qualitative stage with the participation of 30 interviewees, and in the quantitative stage, journalists and researchers answered a questionnaire (n = 242). Our results indicated that the work of science communication is not carried out properly in both Institutes and that there is a lack of articulated work among both journalists, communicators, and researchers. The relationship between these groups needs to be built jointly. In this respect, the biggest challenges are to institutionalize science communication, establish a science communication plan, and overcome internal relationship barriers. Our results may underpin science communication policies and policies for scientific dissemination both institutional or even national levels.
A study on the spatial and temporal evolution of urban shrinkage and its influencing factors from a multidimensional perspective: A case study of resource-based cities in China
Authors: Wang Ruili , Wang Chengxin , Zhang Shuai , Ding Xiaoming
Published: October 2021

With social and economic environment changes occurring in the world and deepening of the urbanization process, China’s urban development exhibits a new phenomenon of growth and shrinkage fluctuations. The resource-based city shrinkage phenomenon is particularly prominent. Research on the commonalities and patterns of similar groups should be enhanced. We constructed an urban shrinkage evaluation index system from the three dimensions of population, economy and space. Accordingly, we explored the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of 175 resource-based cities in China from a multidimensional perspective with the entropy method, shrinkage model and transfer matrix method. The results indicated that most resource-based cities in China occurred in the non-shrinking state, but their development speed gradually decreased or even presented stagflation. The shrinkage measure-related results in the different dimensions revealed that the number of shrinking cities is increasing. The population, economic and comprehensive shrinkage levels were mainly slight and remained stable. The number of cities experiencing moderate and severe shrinkage was relatively small and mostly encompassed short-term shrinkage. Spatial shrinkage demonstrated a clear administrative hierarchy difference. Moreover, the spatial distribution range of shrinking cities in each dimension expanded and exhibited obviously similar characteristics, i.e., shrinking cities were relatively concentrated in Northeast China, while they were more scattered in other regions. Furthermore, the geodetector technique was applied to reveal the influencing factors of resource-based city growth and shrinkage. Based on the results, the change in the secondary industry output value share at the start of the study was the primary factor. The impact of each employment structure indicator from 2014 to 2018 was particularly significant. Comprehensive exploration of the shrinkage characteristics of this particular group of cities and their development behavior from a multidimensional perspective can provide an important reference for the transformation and high-quality development of resource-based cities.
U2 snRNA structure is influenced by SF3A and SF3B proteins but not by SF3B inhibitors
Authors: Urabe Veronica K. , Stevers Meredith , Ghosh Arun K. , Jurica Melissa S.
Published: October 2021

U2 snRNP is an essential component of the spliceosome. It is responsible for branch point recognition in the spliceosome A-complex via base-pairing of U2 snRNA with an intron to form the branch helix. Small molecule inhibitors target the SF3B component of the U2 snRNP and interfere with A-complex formation during spliceosome assembly. We previously found that the first SF3B inhibited-complex is less stable than A-complex and hypothesized that SF3B inhibitors interfere with U2 snRNA secondary structure changes required to form the branch helix. Using RNA chemical modifiers, we probed U2 snRNA structure in A-complex and SF3B inhibited splicing complexes. The reactivity pattern for U2 snRNA in the SF3B inhibited-complex is indistinguishable from that of A-complex, suggesting that they have the same secondary structure conformation, including the branch helix. This observation suggests SF3B inhibited-complex instability does not stem from an alternate RNA conformation and instead points to the inhibitors interfering with protein component interactions that normally stabilize U2 snRNP’s association with an intron. In addition, we probed U2 snRNA in the free U2 snRNP in the presence of SF3B inhibitor and again saw no differences. However, increased protection of nucleotides upstream of Stem I in the absence of SF3A and SF3B proteins suggests a change of secondary structure at the very 5′ end of U2 snRNA. Chemical probing of synthetic U2 snRNA in the absence of proteins results in similar protections and predicts a previously uncharacterized extension of Stem I. Because this stem must be disrupted for SF3A and SF3B proteins to stably join the snRNP, the structure has the potential to influence snRNP assembly and recycling after spliceosome disassembly.
Synergistic effects of exosomal crocin or curcumin compounds and HPV L1-E7 polypeptide vaccine construct on tumor eradication in C57BL/6 mouse model
Authors: Abbasifarid Elnaz , Bolhassani Azam , Irani Shiva , Sotoodehnejadnematalahi Fattah
Published: October 2021

Cervical cancer is the most common malignant tumor in females worldwide. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is associated with the occurrence of cervical cancer. Thus, developing an effective and low-cost vaccine against HPV infection, especially in developing countries is an important issue. In this study, a novel HPV L1-E7 fusion multiepitope construct designed by immunoinformatics tools was expressed in bacterial system. HEK-293T cells-derived exosomes were generated and characterized to use as a carrier for crocin and curcumin compounds. The exosomes loaded with crocin and curcumin compounds as a chemotherapeutic agent (ExoCrocin and ExoCurcumin) were used along with the L1-E7 polypeptide for evaluation of immunological and anti-tumor effects in C57BL/6 mouse model.In vitrostudies showed that ExoCrocin and ExoCurcumin were not cytotoxic at a certain dose, and they could enter tumor cells.In vivostudies indicated that combination of the L1-E7 polypeptide with ExoCrocin or ExoCurcumin could produce a significant level of immunity directed toward Th1 response and CTL activity. These regimens showed the protective and therapeutic effects against tumor cells (the percentage of tumor-free mice: ~100%). In addition, both ExoCrocin and ExoCurcumin represented similar immunological and anti-tumor effects. Generally, the use of exosomal crocin or curcumin forms along with the L1-E7 polypeptide could significantly induce T-cell immune responses and eradicate tumor cells.
Gene expression changes in vastus lateralis muscle after different strength training regimes during rehabilitation following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Friedmann-Bette Birgit , Lornsen Holger , Parstorfer Mario , Gwechenberger Thomas , Profit Francesca , Weber Marc-André , Barié Alexander
Published: October 2021

Impaired muscle regeneration has repeatedly been described after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R). The results of recent studies provided some evidence for negative alterations in knee extensor muscles after ACL-R causing persisting strength deficits in spite of the regain of muscle mass. Accordingly, we observed that 12 weeks of concentric/eccentric quadriceps strength training with eccentric overload (CON/ECC+) induced a significantly greater hypertrophy of the atrophied quadriceps muscle after ACL-R than conventional concentric/eccentric quadriceps strength training (CON/ECC). However, strength deficits persisted and there was an unexpected increase in the proportion of slow type I fibers instead of the expected shift towards a faster muscle phenotype after CON/ECC+. In order to shed further light on muscle recovery after ACL-R, the steady-state levels of 84 marker mRNAs were analyzed in biopsies obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle of 31 subjects before and after 12 weeks of CON/ECC+ (n = 18) or CON/ECC strength training (n = 13) during rehabilitation after ACL-R using a custom RT2 Profiler PCR array. Significant (p < 0.05) changes were detected in the expression of 26 mRNAs, several of them involved in muscle wasting/atrophy. A different pattern with regard to the strength training mode was observed for 16 mRNAs, indicating an enhanced hypertrophic stimulus, mechanical sensing or fast contractility after CON/ECC+. The effects of the type of autograft (quadriceps, QUAD, n = 19, or semitendinosus tendon, SEMI, n = 12) were reflected in the lower expression of 6 mRNAs involved in skeletal muscle hypertrophy or contractility in QUAD. In conclusion, the greater hypertrophic stimulus and mechanical stress induced by CON/ECC+ and a beginning shift towards a faster muscle phenotype after CON/ECC+ might be indicated by significant gene expression changes as well as still ongoing muscle wasting processes and a negative impact of QUAD autograft.
Embryogenic callus induction from immature zygotic embryos and genetic transformation of Larix kaempferi 3x Larix gmelinii 9
Authors: Zhang Sufang , Yan Shanshan , An Peiqi , Cao Qing , Wang Chen , Wang Junhui , Zhang Hanguo , Zhang Lei
Published: October 2021

To date, there are few reports of the successful genetic transformation of larch and other conifers, mainly because it is difficult to transform and integrate exogenous genes. In this study, hybrid larch Larix kaempferi 3x Larix gmelinii 9 cones were collected on June 27, July 1, July 4, July 7 and July 16, 2017. Embryogenic callus induction was studied using a combination of different plant growth regulators and concentrations. The results showed that July 1 was the best stage; the highest induction rate was 10.83%, which cultured in BM medium (Button medium, which formula was listed in S1 Table) with 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and 0.2 mg/L KT(kinetin). When cultured on a proliferation medium for 12 days, proliferation was the fastest, reaching 323.08%, which could also maintain the freshness and vitality. The suitable pre-culture medium for somatic embryogenesis was 1/4 BM medium containing 10 g/L inositol and 60 g/L sucrose. The combination of 45 mg/L ABA (abscisic acid) and 75 g/L PEG4000 (Polyethyene glycol 4000) could promote the number of somatic embryos, and reached the maximum, 210 140 per 1 g FW. The genetic transformation was carried out by the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method with embryogenic callus cultured for 12 days. The results showed the optimal OD600 of the infection solution(suspension of A. tumefaciens) was 0.5, co-culture time was 2 days, and screening concentration of Hyg (hygromycin B) was 4 mg/L. In this study, the transformation rate of resistance callus was 32.1%. It provides a reference for low genetic transformation efficiency of larch at present. This study could be beneficial for the innovation and breeding of larch by genetic engineering and provides a certain basis for rapid propagation of excellent larch germplasm resources and genetic engineering breeding of larch and other conifers.
Point-of-care molecular diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae including macrolide sensitivity using quenching probe polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Ishiguro Nobuhisa , Sato Rikako , Mori Toshihiko , Tanaka Hiroshi , Narita Mitsuo , Nagano Takashi , Owaku Masato , Miyajima Kensuke , Manabe Atsushi
Published: October 2021

Objectives

Macrolides are generally considered to be the drugs of choice for treatment of patients with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. However, macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae has been emerging since about 2000. The Smart Gene® system (MIZUHO MEDY Co., Ltd., Tosu, Japan) is a novel fully automated system for detection of pathogens using the method of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) with QProbe (QProbe PCR). The entire procedure is completed within 50 min and the size of the instrument is small (15 x 34 x 30 cm). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the Smart Gene® system for detection of M. pneumoniae and detection of a point mutation at domain V of the 23S rRNA gene of M. pneumoniae.

Materials

Pharyngeal swab samples were collected from 154 patients who were suspected of having respiratory tract infections associated with M. pneumoniae.

Results

Compared with the results of qPCR, the sensitivity and specificity of the Smart Gene® system were 98.7% (78/79) and 100.0% (75/75), respectively. A point mutation at domain V of the 23S rRNA gene was detected from 7 (9.0%) of 78 M. pneumoniae-positive samples by the Smart Gene® system and these results were confirmed by direct sequencing. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of clarithromycin among the 5 isolates of M. pneumoniae with a point mutation at domain V of the 23S rRNA gene were >64 μg/ml and those among the 33 isolates without a mutation in the 23S rRNA gene were <0.0625 μg/ml.

Conclusion

The Smart Gene® system is a rapid and accurate assay for detection of the existence of M. pneumoniae and a point mutation at domain V of the 23S rRNA gene of M. pneumoniae at the same time. The Smart Gene® system is suitable for point-of-care testing in both hospital and outpatient settings.
Downregulation of mitochondrial biogenesis by virus infection triggers antiviral responses by cyclic GMP-AMP synthase
Authors: Sato Hiroki , Hoshi Miho , Ikeda Fusako , Fujiyuki Tomoko , Yoneda Misako , Kai Chieko
Published: October 2021

In general, in mammalian cells, cytosolic DNA viruses are sensed by cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), and RNA viruses are recognized by retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors, triggering a series of downstream innate antiviral signaling steps in the host. We previously reported that measles virus (MeV), which possesses an RNA genome, induces rapid antiviral responses, followed by comprehensive downregulation of host gene expression in epithelial cells. Interestingly, gene ontology analysis indicated that genes encoding mitochondrial proteins are enriched among the list of downregulated genes. To evaluate mitochondrial stress after MeV infection, we first observed the mitochondrial morphology of infected cells and found that significantly elongated mitochondrial networks with a hyperfused phenotype were formed. In addition, an increased amount of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in the cytosol was detected during progression of infection. Based on these results, we show that cytosolic mtDNA released from hyperfused mitochondria during MeV infection is captured by cGAS and causes consequent priming of the DNA sensing pathway in addition to canonical RNA sensing. We also ascertained the contribution of cGAS to the in vivo pathogenicity of MeV. In addition, we found that other viruses that induce downregulation of mitochondrial biogenesis as seen for MeV cause similar mitochondrial hyperfusion and cytosolic mtDNA-priming antiviral responses. These findings indicate that the mtDNA-activated cGAS pathway is critical for full innate control of certain viruses, including RNA viruses that cause mitochondrial stress.
Acquisition of yersinia murine toxin enabled Yersinia pestis to expand the range of mammalian hosts that sustain flea-borne plague
Authors: Bland David M. , Miarinjara Adélaïde , Bosio Christopher F. , Calarco Jeanette , Hinnebusch B. Joseph
Published: October 2021

Yersinia murine toxin (Ymt) is a phospholipase D encoded on a plasmid acquired by Yersinia pestis after its recent divergence from a Yersinia pseudotuberculosis progenitor. Despite its name, Ymt is not required for virulence but acts to enhance bacterial survival in the flea digestive tract. Certain Y. pestis strains circulating in the Bronze Age lacked Ymt, suggesting that they were not transmitted by fleas. However, we show that the importance of Ymt varies with host blood source. In accordance with the original description, Ymt greatly enhanced Y. pestis survival in fleas infected with bacteremic mouse, human, or black rat blood. In contrast, Ymt was much less important when fleas were infected using brown rat blood. A Y. pestis Ymt− mutant infected fleas nearly as well as the Ymt+ parent strain after feeding on bacteremic brown rat blood, and the mutant was transmitted efficiently by flea bite during the first weeks after infection. The protective function of Ymt correlated with red blood cell digestion kinetics in the flea gut. Thus, early Y. pestis strains that lacked Ymt could have been maintained in flea-brown rat transmission cycles, and perhaps in other hosts with similar blood characteristics. Acquisition of Ymt, however, served to greatly expand the range of hosts that could support flea-borne plague.
ARCHAEOLOGISTS M.P. GRYAZNOV, V.I. MATYUSHCHENKO AND THE STATE HERMITAGE MUSEUM
Authors:   The State Hermitage Museum, L. MARSADOLOV
Published: October 2021

Many decades the life and work of Mikhail Petrovich Gryaznov (1902-1984) was connected with the State Hermitage museum. Long-term friendship bound him with Vladimir Ivanovich Matyushchenko (1928-2005). These archaeologists were lucky in the excavations in the field and in the office behind a desk that was reached by stressful daily work. The most valuable materials from the excavations of M.P. Gryaznov were transferred to the Hermitage (Pazyryk-1, Arzhan-1), and in the museum's funds he taught a course in tracology for students of LSU. Archaeologists are well aware of the scientific works of VI. Matyushchenko on the history of Siberian archaeology, materials from excavations of the Bronze Age sites in the Tomsk and Omsk regions (Elovka, Rostovka and others), and the mounds of the Xiongnu era in Sidorovka. This article briefly discusses the main stages of M.P. Gryaznov's work in the Hermitage and his further relations with this museum. The author of the article was familiar with M.P. Gryaznov and VI. Matyushchenko, studied archaeology with them, gained experience and repeatedly helped them, both in the Hermitage and beyond. Keywords: M.P Gryaznov, V.I. Matyushchenko, hermitage, Pazyryk, Arzhan, state award
CONSERVATION AND TRANSFORMATION OF THE TRADITION OF APPLICATION OF BIRCH BARK IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SABERS OF EAST POLAND AND NORTH CAUCASUS IN THE 16TH -18TH CENTURIES
Authors:   Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management, S. PILIPENKO
Published: October 2021

The use of birch bark in the design of knife sheaths and sabers have become the subject of our research more than once. These theses are no exception. Research carried out in recent years in the Black Sea region, and the study of museum collections, allow us not only to identify new pieces of cold steel weapons of the 17th-18th centuries, with the scabbard made of birch bark, but also to identify common technological traditions with earlier samples of cold weapons from the archaeological sites of medieval nomads in the south of Western Siberia. One of the topical issues in the study of the design features of the sheath of bladed weapons of the 16th -18th centuries. In the North Caucasus and Eastern Poland, there are issues of continuity in the use of birch bark in their design. Keywords: Saber-chechugi, Armenian saber, scabbard, birch bark, medieval nomads, western Siberia, Eastern Poland, north Caucasus, Black Sea region
ABOUT THE OF HOME BREWING TRADITIONS OF THE OLD BELIEVERS’ POPULATION OF THE SOUTHWESTERN ALTAI IN THE 19TH - FIRST THIRD OF THE 20TH CENTURIES
Authors:   The East Kazakhstan Regional Architectural Ethnographic and Natural Landscape Museum-Reserve, E. RAKHMATULINA ,   Altai State University
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to an important component of the culture of the Old Believers’ population of Southwestern Altai in the 19th - first third of 20th centuries which is the home brewing traditions. The specificity and nature of drinking beer in the region, the technology ofits preparation are presented, the features of the items of the drinking complex of the Old Believers are described: lagoons and self-made pots (korchags). The article used materials from ethnographic studies of the 19th - first third of the 20th centuries, and items from the stock collections of the East Kazakhstan Regional Architectural, Ethnographic and Natural Landscape Museum-Reserve (Ust-Kamenogorsk, East Kazakhstan). It is concluded that the massive spread of the home brewing tradition was due to the general conservatism of the cultural and everyday foundations of the Old Believers of the Southwestern Altai, the specifics of their religious and festive-ritual complex of events, as well as the period of abstention law which was in force in 1914-1924 .
EL OYIN HOLIDAY IN THE LIGHT OF THE CHANGED RITUAL ROLE OF ALTAIAN CLAN LEADERS
Authors:   Gorno-Altaisk State University, N. TADINA , T. YABYSHTAEV ,   Gorno-Altaisk State University
Published: October 2021

The article under study highlights the main issues related to the development of the ritual role of the syook (clans) heads called zaisans. On the basis of the collected material, the periodization is given of their ritual role formation in the creation, organization and holding of the El Oyin holiday, which was originally planned as a championship in national sports. The article describes the ritual practice of worshiping the Altai deity carried out by the assembled zaisans in the morning on the opening day of the El Oyin holiday. The article also gives an overview of the documents, namely -regional laws, adopted on organization issues. These laws take into account the traditional symbols of reverence for the Altai nature while determining the location and the date of the event of nationwide significance which attract folklore groups from such neighboring regions as Tuva, Khakassia, Kemerovo region and Altai Territory. Keywords: altai people, republic, folk holiday, traditions, reverence for Altai
MATERIALS ON ARCHAEOLOGY IN THE FUNDS OF THE “HISTORICAL ARCHIVE OF THE OMSK REGION”
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, S. TIKHONOV
Published: October 2021

The paper examines the possibilities of using materials stored in state and departmental archives in archaeological research. Over the past three centuries, scientists, travelers, service people have collected a wealth ofinformation on archaeology, ethnography, geography, statistics of the Asian part of Russia and adjacent territories in general and Western Siberia in particular. Unfortunately, archaeologists rarely use this information, which contradicts the methodology requiring the use of different types of sources. At the same time, the source base of works is getting narrow. This is due to the fact that information about a number of objects of antiquity and the Middle Ages was completely or partially destroyed or forgotten, therefore information about them was preserved only in the archives. The documents stored in these institutions in terms of territorial coverage and chronological depth significantly exceed the volume of cases collected in archaeological museums of Siberian universities. Unfortunately, researchers rarely turn to such materials. Keywords: archaeological sites, ARCHIVAL materials, completeness of research
THE RECTANGULAR IRON-SMELTING FURNACES OF GORNY ALTAI: THE PROBLEM OF ORIGIN AND CHRONOLOGY
Authors:   Tomsk State University, E. VODYASOV , O. ZAITCEVA ,   Tomsk State University
Published: October 2021

The article raises the questions related to the appearance of unique rectangular box-shape furnaces in the Altai mountains. These furnaces were the largest iron-smelting construction in Siberia and Central Asia. Archaeological field work carried out in 2018-2020 coupled with the series of radiocarbon dates made it possible to establish that furnaces of this type appeared in the Southeastern Altai not in the era of the Turkic Khaganates, as it was previously thought, but in a previous time within the 3rd-5th centuries AD. The article discusses the design and productivity of the box-shape furnaces. It is hypothesized that the similar in shape Xiongnu pottery kilns type could have been a prototype of large rectangular structures of the box-shape linear furnaces. Radiocarbon analyzes have proven the synchronicity of the Xiongnu pottery kilns and the rectangular furnaces. The sudden disappearance of the box-shape furnaces in the Altai Mountains in the 7th-8th centuries AD and the same sudden appearance of the similar furnaces in Japan in the same period is explained by the possible migration of smelters in the era of the Second East Turkic Khaganate. Keywords: archaeometallurgy, iron-smelting furnaces, Gorny Altai, Xiongnu-Xianbei time
BARROWS OF THE SROSTKI CULTURE OF THE FOREST-STEPPE ALTAI WITH A WOODEN FRAME
Authors:   Altai State University, V. Gorbunov
Published: October 2021

The article considers a series of seven burial grounds in nine mounds of which around the graves of people, structures of four low walls were installed. They were constructed from single logs, beams or planks forming a square, rectangle or trapezoid. These sites were found on the territory of the Priobsky plateau and the Biysko-Chumysh elevation. The article provides information about the size of the mounds and frames, the location of the frames relative to the graves, the dating and cultural affiliation of the sites in which they were found. Taking into account these data, two types of wooden structures are distinguished: frames-fences and frames-overlap. The fences were used by the Samoyed part of the population of the Srostki culture in the second half of the 9th - first half of the 11th centuries to mark out the sacred site around the central, most significant burial in the mound. Frames with overlaps were a kind of tombstone structure. They were used in the area of the Srostki culture in the second half of the 10th -12th centuries and appeared as a result of contacts with the population of the Middle Irtysh region and Baraba. Keywords: early and advanced Middle Ages, Srostki culture, barrow, burial, frame, fence, overlap
SENKIBAY-2 - NEW LOCATION OF CERAMICS OF ELUNINO IN CENTRAL SARYARKA
Authors:   Toraighyrov University, I. MERTS , I. KUKUSHKIN ,   Karaganda Buketov University, E. DMITRIEV ,   Karaganda Buketov University
Published: October 2021

The article describes the location where the Early Bronze Age ceramics was discovered during the study of the Petrovka Culture mound-enclosure in the Singkibay-2 burial ground in Central Saryarka. Based on analogies and a series of radiocarbon dates from the sites of the region, the analysed pottery can be attributed to the Elunino archaeological culture, and dated to the second half of the 3rd mil. BC. At the present state of the source base, the question of the nature of the location still remains open. Perhaps, it represents the evidence of the funeral-commemorative activities of the pre-Andronovo “population”, or a part of the destroyed cultural layer of the settlement. Only further field work will could address this issue. In general, this find significantly expands the distribution of the Elunino Culture to the south, which over time will possibly be extended further all the way to the northern coast of the Lake Balkhash. The recorded joint positioning of the Elunino and Petrovka materials provides the additional topographical information for the area of the pre-Andronovo complexes and puts forward the issue of the relationship between these two cultural formations. Keywords: Central Saryarka, Taldy River, early Bronze Age, Elunino Culture, location, ceramics, migrations
PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS FOR STUDYING OF BOKKAS ON THE TERRITORY OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors:   Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management, S. PILIPENKO , A. KASENALIN ,   Institute of History and Culture of the Republic of Kazakhstan, T. KRUPA ,   Pavlodar Pedagogical University, B. KHASENOVA ,   Gumile Eurasian National University
Published: October 2021

This work is the first experience of generalizing research into the burials of medieval nomads throughout Kazakhstan, which included female headdresses of the Mongolian time - bokkas. The work reflects the unevenness of the study of burials with bokka, and a different degree of preservation of finds in the funds of museums of the Republic of Kazakhstan, years after the inventory was received for storage. Many years of research by Soviet, Kazakh, Russian archaeologists in this area make it possible not only to systematize the previous experience of joint work, but also, thanks to interdisciplinary methods, bring them to the modern level. Women’s headdress - bokka, nowadays, is not only an accumulation of birch bark details of the frame and beads, but also a refined sample of an ensemble of women’s clothing, consisting of several hats and a birch bark part in the form of a cylinder with various column variations and various feather attachment systems. The surviving silk fabrics and other details of clothing, which the skillful work of restorers and archaeologists, made much more informative. The results of an integrated approach have a wide scope of application. Keywords: medieval nomads, archaeology, mongols, bokka, birch bark, reconstruction, kazakhstan
OSTEOLOGICAL REMAINS OF HORSES DETECTED IN ALTAI DURING EXCAVATIONS FROM THE PAZYRYK BARROWS AT THE KATANDA-II AND ARAGOL SITES (BASED ON MATERIALS FROM THE ZOOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES)
Authors:   Altai State University, A. Tishkin , N. PLASTEEVA ,   Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, M. SABLIN ,   Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: October 2021

This article continues the publication of information about the osteological remains of the Pazyryk horses, which are stored in the funds of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (St. Petersburg). Among the available collections, materials from the burial mounds of such Altai sites as Katanda-II and Aragol were identified. The first archaeological complex in the 1920s was studied by S.I. Rudenko. It is located in a section of a valley near the confluence of the Katanda River with the Katun River. There, nearby in 1865 V. V. Radlov conducted his work. In 1925, two ancient burial mounds with the burials of ordinary nomads, who were accompanied by ritual burials ofhorses, were excavated. The second complex was discovered and studied in 1924-1925 on the territory of Eastern Altai, not far from the well-known group of “royal” burial mounds in the Pazyryk tract. In 1929, a detachment of V.S. Adrianov during the planned work researched three burial objects of the Scythian-Saka time with the skeletons of horses in two burials. In total, in these mounds, the osteological remains of seven horses were recorded. Incomplete skeletons of these animals were found in the storage. The recorded materials formed the basis for archaeozoological determinations. Keywords: altai, archaeological excavations, Pazyryk culture, horses, osteological collection, Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, archaeozoology
JEWELRY OF THE KAZAKHS OF THE 19TH-EARLY 20TH CENTURIES: ANALYSIS OF MUSEUM COLLECTIONS
Authors:   Altai State University, X. BOYARINTSEVA ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University
Published: October 2021

The article considers the period of formation and flourishing of the Kazakh jewelry school. The main material for studying is women's jewelry. The classification of jewelry is given on the example of objects of museum collections of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation and includes complexes of products for the head, neck-chest, waist and hand jewelry. The semantic meaning of both individual manufacturing materials and independent products is noted. The influence of pre-Islamic beliefs and the Islamic religion is also considered semantically. Special attention is paid to the local features of jewelry and the cultural influence exerted by neighboring nations. The main techniques, material and ornamentation, and the identification of the magico-religious function as the dominant one are considered. The methodological basis of the article is culturological and semiotic approaches, as well as methods of comparative analysis and historical analysis. Keywords: jewelry art, kazakhs, semantics, amulet, ethnographic collections, museum
THE FIRST AND SECOND FORTRESSES OF OMSK: RESEARCH AND PRESERVATION POSSIBILITIES
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, M. KORUSENKO , Yu. GERASIMOV ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, M. ZDOR ,   Omsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of The Russian Academy of Sciences, D. ZAGORODNIKOVA ,   Omsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of The Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: October 2021

The present article summarizes research related to demarcating the first and second Omsk fortresses. Fortifications of these landmarks have long been destroyed, the cultural layer only and partially complexes of buildings of the late 18th - first half of the 19th centuries have been preserved, but they are at risk in connection with active modern urban development. Active archaeological research during the last ten years has yielded an expanded informational database and new evidence illuminating the use of the territory in antiquity and providing insight on the cultural layer of the fortresses. The authors of the present paper have ascertained and precised on the city map the borders of both sites, using stratigraphic research, historical cartography, and archival record. The conclusion provides insight on the main problems of conservation of the researched objects of cultural significance, and on perspectives of their museum commitment within the current framework of development of the historical center of Omsk. Keywords: Omsk, the first and second Omsk fortresses, archaeological sites, historical center, research, museum
THE COMPLEX OF WEAPONS OF THE BOLSHERECHENSKAYA CULTURE BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE EXPOSITION OF THE BIYSK MUSEUM OF LOCAL LORE
Authors:   ", O. LIKHACHEVA ,   Altaystroyservice",   Altai State University
Published: October 2021

When working with museum collections, specialists often pay more attention to the funds. This is due both to the difficulty of accessing the items located in the showcases, and to the fact that the most striking exhibits are used for demonstration, which do not give an objective idea of the material culture of the ancient society at a particular period. However, with a small number of copies related to a particular topic, all of them can be laid out on display, forming a representative complex. The article uses the example of the Biysk Museum of Local Lore named after V.V. Bianchi to substantiate the relevance of the study of exposition materials. The showcase dedicated to the era of the early nomads, in particular, the items of weapons presented on it, is considered in detail. Their description is given, their dating and cultural identity are once again clarified, and the species composition is analyzed. Based on the latter, some aspects of the military affairs of the bearers of the Bolsherechenskaya archaeological culture are reconstructed. The possibility of such conclusions indicates the diversity and completeness of the presented set. Keywords: museum, weapons, military affairs, reconstruction, early Scythian time
HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE OF THE 1917 REVOLUTION AND THE CIVIL WAR IN SIBERIA IN THE FUNDS OF THE KANSK MUSEUM OF LOCAL LORE
Authors:   Kansk Museum of Local Lore, L. MALYUCHENKO , S. KHMYROVA ,   Kansk Museum of Local Lore
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to the consideration of the history of preservation, study, popularization of the historical and cultural heritage of the period of the revolutionary events of 1917 and the civil war of 1918-1920 in the Kansk Museum of Local Lore. The characteristics of the features of these periods for Kansk and the Kansk district of the Yenisei province are given, the main stages in the work of the museum with the historical and cultural heritage are highlighted and their distinctive features are noted. The life and work of R.P. Eideman, VG. Yakovenko, VYa. Zazubrin, VA. Itin, whose heritage has not only regional, but also all-Russian significance, are associated with the Kansk and Kansk uyezds during the period under study. The Kansk Museum of Local Lore is studying and popularizing it. The article describes the characteristics of this work. For the history of Siberia during the civil war, the Taseev partisan republic is a peculiar phenomenon. The article draws attention to the importance of this topic for the museum. The article emphasizes that in modern conditions, the historical and cultural heritage of the period of the revolutionary events of 1917 and the civil war of 1918-1920 remains in demand, and new opportunities appear for its study and popularization. Keywords: historical and cultural heritage, museum, Sibiria, civil war
ART COLLECTIONS IN SCHOOL MUSEUMS, EXHIBITION HALLS AND GALLERIES OF MUNICIPAL BUDGET INSTITUTIONS OF ADDITIONAL EDUCATION IN BARNAUL
Authors:   Altai State University, T. Tishkina , T. KULIKOVA ,   State Museum of the History of Literature, Art and Culture of Altai
Published: October 2021

Since the 1960s, art schools have been created in Barnaul for the aesthetic education of children and adolescents. There are currently seven art schools for children and one art school in the city. Teachers attach great importance to the organization of exhibitions of students ‘ works, which are arranged in classrooms and recreation areas. Specialized exhibition halls operate in Children’s Art Schools No. 1 and No. 6. Since 2003, the Children’s Art Gallery “Lukomorye” has been in operation. The collections of works of art are formed and demonstrated in some museums of municipal budgetary educational institutions of the city. They include the works of professional masters (F.S. Torkhov, A.P. Shchetinin, etc.). These collections play a significant role in the aesthetic education of students. All interested persons are invited to get acquainted with the expositions. Creative meetings with artists and sculptors help to introduce participants to culture and art. Under the guidance of teachers, students ‘ educational and research activities are carried out. Students can present their works on the platforms of galleries and exhibition halls. Keywords: art collection, museum, gallery, exhibition, Barnaul
The 3H/3He Groundwater Age-Dating Method And Applications
Authors: Gilmore Troy , Cherry Mikaela , Gastmans Didier , Humphrey Eric , Solomon Douglas Kip
Published: October 2021

Groundwater age-dating is an important tool for quantifying and managing water resources. Groundwater age is the elapsed time between recharge (at the land surface or water table) and the time when groundwater is sampled. If groundwater is sampled at the point of discharge from an aquifer, then the age represents the groundwater transit time. Groundwater that has recharged in recent decades is considered young groundwater. In many areas, the quality and quantity of young groundwater has been impacted by human activities and groundwater age-dating is useful for quantifying current and historical water and contaminant fluxes into and through aquifers. This review is focused on the tritium-helium (3H/3He) method, which is a robust and widely applied age-dating technique for young groundwater. We present the development of the 3H/3He method and practical considerations for sampling groundwater in shallow unconfined aquifers. Along the way, we highlight available resources: (1) educational software for building intuition around groundwater age-dating and selection of sampling sites and (2) software that can be used to calculate 3H/3He age from noble gas and 3H data. We also highlight strengths and potential uncertainties associated with the method. For example, while other age-dating techniques require a known historical record of tracer concentration in the atmosphere, the 3H/3He age-dating technique does not require such historical records. However, the 3H/3He method requires measurement of two tracers to produce a groundwater age estimate (“apparent age” or “tracer age”). Precise measurement of 3H and noble gases, plus careful analysis of noble gas data to calculate the tritiogenic 3He (i.e., the portion of 3He derived from decay of 3H in the aquifer) is required to calculate the groundwater apparent age. Sampling for noble gases is sometimes challenging and requires specialized sample containers and technique. We also introduce basic sampling methods in this review but highlight how practitioners should work closely with a noble gas laboratory to obtain the correct containers and assess field conditions and/or the overall feasibility of projects. Lastly, the review highlights recent applications of the 3H/3He method, including recharge rate estimation, characterization of contaminant input histories for aquifers, quantifying groundwater transit times by sampling at aquifer discharge points, and the use of isotope data to constrain and inform numerical and statistical models of groundwater and contaminant movement in the subsurface.
Aplicação do isótopo radioativo de carbono (14c) na determinação de tempos de residência em aquíferos
Authors: Silva Jr. Gerson Cardoso da , Pita Renato Cosme dos Santos , Cunha Fernanda Caetano de Mattos Bastos , Silva Talita Azevedo da
Published: October 2021

O uso de isótopos em estudos hidrogeológicos constitui uma importante ferramenta na construção de modelos conceituais de funcionamento, bem como na determinação de parâmetros relacionados à recarga e ao fluxo das águas subterrâneas. O isótopo radiativo do carbono (14C), também conhecido como radiocarbono, tem uma meia-vida de 5.730 anos na natureza. A datação de águas subterrâneas por radiocarbono é feita a partir da estimativa de tempo de decaimento dos isótopos de carbono durante o fluxo da água no aquífero. Como a quantidade de carbono dissolvido na água não é conservativa, outras fontes podem adicionar carbono ao sistema a partir de reações químicas, como por exemplo a dissolução de carbonatos presentes na matriz do aquífero. Dessa forma, na estimativa de idades de amostras de água subterrânea frequentemente faz-se uso de modelos de correção. Apesar das dificuldades associadas, a datação por radiocarbono é uma poderosa ferramenta no estudo de aquíferos. O relativo baixo custo das análises, aliado a uma meia-vida que cobre uma importante faixa de idades na interpretação dos processos hidrogeológicos, e a quase onipresença de carbono dissolvido nas águas subterrâneas, torna-o muito conveniente e utilizado na investigação de águas subterrâneas com tempos de residência entre 500 e 40.000 anos. Assim, este artigo traz um resumo sobre a fundamentação teórica por trás dessa técnica e suas aplicações em estudos hidrogeológicos, especialmente no Brasil, em que a aplicação do 14C na determinação de tempos de residência vem ocorrendo desde a década de 1970, tendo o uso se iniciado na região Nordeste do país. Posteriormente, na década de 1980, os estudos foram estendidos aos aquíferos das regiões Sudeste e Sul. Apenas recentemente foram realizados estudos de radiocarbono nos aquíferos da região Amazônica. Alguns exemplos desse emprego são apresentados no artigo, como ilustração da utilidade desse importante marcador.
Aplicação de isótopos de rádio e radônio em estudos do aporte de águas subterrâneas para rios e região costeira
Authors: Godoy José Marcus de Oliveira
Published: October 2021

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo servir como um guia orientador àqueles que desejam utilizar os isótopos de rádio (228Ra, 226Ra, 224Ra, 223Ra) e o 222Rn, como traçadores naturais, em estudos envolvendo a descarga de água subterrânea para a região costeira (Submarine Groundwater Discharge, SGD) e, também, para rios e lagoas. Nota- se, uma carência de estudos hidrogeológicos desenvolvidos no Brasil empregando- se tais traçadores. Como potenciais razões para tal estão a necessidade de conhecimento e de equipamentos especializados. Dessa forma, o leitor irá encontrar nesse trabalho uma breve descrição dos métodos de medição empregados e os fundamentos básicos que norteiam essas aplicações.
Céder sa place. Logique situationnelle et catégorisation dans le métro de Saint-Pétersbourg
Authors: Chantseva Victoria
Published: October 2021

L’article s’intéresse aux significations des gestes de politesse dans les transports en commun en s’appuyant sur une ethnographie du métro de Saint-Pétersbourg. Des séances d’observation ainsi que des descriptions que les usagers de métro donnent de leur expérience quotidienne – notamment celle liée au fait de céder sa place à l’autre – font émerger les éléments d’une socialisation différenciée selon le genre. Les mêmes gestes peuvent s’inscrire dans les logiques d’action différentes, selon l’âge et le sexe des personnes engagées. Toutefois, les connotations genrées ou celles liées à la hiérarchie des âges peuvent faire l’objet de contestations. Céder la place pour se montrer courtois avec les femmes ou pour faire preuve de respect envers les personnes âgées n’est pas toujours accepté car cela tend à instaurer des rapports soulignant la différence entre les personnes impliquées. C’est ce que les acteurs essayent de surmonter en recourant à des tactiques de précaution qui rendent le geste acceptable.
The Xu-Based Approach to Second Language Learning
Authors: Wang Chuming
Published: October 2021

This special issue provides an overview of the xu-argument, a newly emerging view on language acquisition. The view is new in that it makes two key points: i) language is acquired through xu, a Chinese word with a composite meaning of completion, extension and creation (CEC) (Wang, 2016), and ii) high efficiency in learning a language is achieved by xu. Using a single word to capture the highly complex human endowment of language learning might be too ambitious an attempt. Convincing justifications and supporting evidence are needed to verify this claim, as the papers in this issue are intended to do.
On copulas of self-similar Ito processes
Authors: Jaworski Piotr , Krzywda Marcin
Published: October 2021

We characterize the cumulative distribution functions and copulas of two-dimensional self-similar Ito processes, with randomly correlated Wiener margins, as solutions of certain elliptic partial differential equations.