bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Survey for Memory, Attention, and Reaction Time (SMART): Development and Validation of a Brief Web-Based Measure of Cognition for Older Adults
Authors: Dorociak Katherine E. , Mattek Nora , Lee Jonathan , Leese Mira I , Bouranis Nicole , Imtiaz Danish , Doane Bridget M. , Bernstein John P.K. , Kaye Jeffrey A. , Hughes Adriana M.
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Brief, Web-based, and self-administered cognitive assessments hold promise for early detection of cognitive decline in individuals at risk for dementia. The current study describes the design, implementation, and convergent validity of a fWeb-based cognitive assessment tool, the Survey for Memory, Attention, and Reaction Time (SMART), for older adults. Methods: A community-dwelling sample of older adults (n = 69) was included, classified as cognitively intact (n = 44) or diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 25). Participants completed the SMART at home using their computer, tablet, or other Internet-connected device. The SMART consists of 4 face-valid cognitive tasks available in the public domain assessing visual memory, attention/processing speed, and executive functioning. Participants also completed a battery of standardized neuropsychological tests, a cognitive screener, and a daily function questionnaire. Primary SMART outcome measures consisted of subtest completion time (CT); secondary meta-metrics included outcomes indirectly assessed or calculated within the SMART (e.g., click count, total CT, time to complete practice items, and time of day the test was completed). Results: Regarding validity, total SMART CT, which includes time to complete test items, practice items, and directions, had the strongest relationship with global cognition (β = −0.47, p < 0.01). Test item CT was significantly greater for the MCI group (F = 5.20, p = 0.026). Of the SMART tasks, the executive functioning subtests had the strongest relationship with cognitive status as compared to the attention/processing speed and visual memory subtests. The primary outcome measures demonstrated fair to excellent test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.50–0.76). Conclusions: This study provides preliminary evidence for the use of the SMART protocol as a feasible, reliable, and valid assessment method to monitor cognitive performance in cognitively intact and MCI older adults.
Um lugar onde se achar: deslocamentos espaciais e rituais entre os guarani do Chaco boreal paraguaio
Authors: Dominguez Maria Eugenia
Published: April 2021

Como analisado na literatura etnológica recente, a guerra do Chaco (Bolivia - Paraguai, 1932-1935) foi o disparador de uma série de deslocamentos espaciais que reconfiguraram o mapa étnico da região. Este artigo refere, inicialmente, aos deslocamentos que levaram aos guarani e isosenhos da Bolívia ao Chaco boreal paraguaio e descreve, na sequência, a formação das cinco comunidades guarani que existem atualmente na área. Logo, trata-se de alguns aspectos da sociabilidade dos guarani do Chaco boreal paraguaio por meio da reflexão sobre o lugar do ritual na sua história e na sua vida social. Através de uma análise que interpreta o ritual –e com ele a arte indígena- na sua performatividade, argumenta-se que o ritual opera aqui como um dispositivo fundamental para transformar o espaço chaquenho num lugar guarani.
Very rural background: os desafios da composição-terra da África do Sul e do Zimbábue à chamada educação superior
Authors: Borges Antonádia
Published: April 2021

Este artigo traz algumas considerações de ordem analítica e políticas sobre o processo de zumbificação ou embruxamento na universidade e nas promessas de uma educação superior. O artigo ancora-se em material diverso (fragmentos de uma biografia, diários de campo da vida acadêmica e romances literários), proveniente de pesquisa na África do Sul e no Zimbábue. O argumento etnográfico tem duas interlocutoras principais que defendem o que chamamos de uma composição-terra. Elas lutam para se desvencilhar do aniquilamento colonial e racista que restringe suas vidas ao que denominamos de composição-plantation. Suas considerações sobre como o humano é reduzido a mero human resource na universidade, na educação superior e além, conformam argumentos etnográficos com força para confrontar a devastação capitalista promovida em nome de um sujeito universal de conhecimento. A principal proposta do artigo é, portanto, uma transformação analítica dos conceitos de alteridade, igualdade e diferença.
“Cada um em seu lugar”: domínios territoriais Xucuru-Kariri e Kiriri
Authors: Bort Júnior João Roberto , Borges Henrique Fernanda
Published: April 2021

Atualmente, tensão e conflito caracterizam a relação entre caciques xucuru-kariri e kiriri no município de Caldas (Minas Gerais, Brasil). Ambos lideram famílias em recriações de aldeias no sul do estado. O processo de formação territorial dos Xucuru-Kariri e dos Kiriri nessa região explica-se, primeiro, por troca de terras e aliança estabelecidas nas gerações anteriores às dos caciques quando viviam na Bahia e, segundo, por suas cosmopolíticas. Enfim, a hipótese sobre domínios territoriais de indígenas Xucuru-Kariri e Kiriri é sustentada com análise diacrônica de interações entre lideranças no sertão baiano e descrição de seus princípios cosmopolíticos, introduzindo uma perspectiva para além das relações indígenas com o Estado no entendimento de processos de territorialidade.
Nação, simbolismo e revolução na Ucrânia: experiência etnográfica tensa na/da liminaridade
Authors: Gontijo Fabiano
Published: April 2021

Na Ucrânia, uma ex-colônia do Império Russo e ex-república da União Soviética, entre novembro de 2013 e fevereiro de 2014, milhares de pessoas tomaram as ruas dos centros urbanos, principalmente a Maidan Nezalejnosti, a praça principal de Kiev. Os manifestantes reivindicavam a assinatura de um acordo de livre-comércio com a União Europeia. Como o presidente decidiu adiar a assinatura do acordo, em prol do estreitamento dos laços com a Rússia, o movimento de protesto passou a reivindicar a renúncia do governo. O processo revolucionário assim desencadeado, conhecido como EuroMaidan ou Revolução da Dignidade, representaria um espaço-tempo liminar, durante o qual formas e ações simbólicas seriam negociadas para a conformação de uma nova ideologia de nation-building, marcada por uma forte distanciação dos vínculos históricos com a Rússia. Trata-se aqui de apresentar algumas reflexões etnográficas sobre as formas e ações simbólicas de uma nação em vias de reconstrução a partir de observações realizadas em Kiev na primeira metade de fevereiro de 2014.
“Eu escrevo o quê, professor (a)?”: notas sobre os sentidos da classificação racial (auto e hetero) em políticas de ações afirmativas
Authors: Miranda Ana Paula Mendes de , Souza Rolf Ribeiro de , Almeida Rosiane Rodrigues de
Published: April 2021

O artigo pretende problematizar como a regulamentação das cotas raciais - positiva como política pública de ação afirmativa ao reconhecer o racismo como estruturante das desigualdades no país – tem se revelado uma tecnologia social fundada na suspeição sistemática, gerando insegurança jurídica nas avaliações dos “pardos”, assim como o ressurgimento de critérios fenotípicos, procedimentos considerados legítimos para assegurar o direito a vaga na universidade pública, podendo resultar em um não-lugar para negros de pele clara.  As análises baseiam-se nos procedimentos da Universidade Federal Fluminense durante a matrícula de aprovados no SISU em 2018 para cumprir a Lei nº. 12.990/2014 e Orientação Normativa nº 3, de 01/2016, do Ministério do Planejamento, Desenvolvimento e Gestão que instituíram a obrigatoriedade de comissões de aferição de candidatos autodeclarados negros e indígenas.
Tendência de mortalidade por hepatites B e C no município de São Paulo, 2002–2016
Authors: Sato Ana Paula Sayuri , Koizumi Inês Kazue , Farias Norma Suely de Oliveira , Silva Célia Regina Ciccolo da , Cardoso Maria Regina Alves , Figueiredo Gerusa Maria
Published: April 2021

OBJETIVO: Descrever a mortalidade por hepatites B e C como causa básica no município de São Paulo, verificando a tendência dessas taxas, e avaliar a associação dessas doenças a outras no período de 2002 a 2016. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo de série temporal sobre mortalidade por hepatites B e C segundo sexo, com dados do Sistema de Informação de Mortalidade. A regressão de Prais Winsten foi usada na análise de tendência das taxas. RESULTADOS: Os achados do presente estudo mostraram tendência de declínio da mortalidade por hepatites B e C nos últimos anos, particularmente entre pessoas do sexo masculino. Essas infecções foram causas associadas importantes ao carcinoma de células hepáticas e ao HIV. Destaca-se a proporção de óbitos com menos de 70 anos de idade. CONCLUSÕES: O estudo fornece uma linha de base para pesquisas de tendência de mortalidade e de impacto de intervenções, visto o histórico de ampliação da detecção e oferta de tratamentos, incluindo os mais recentes antivirais no Brasil, desde 2015.
Quedas acidentais em mulheres de meia-idade
Authors: Stolt Lígia Raquel Ortiz Gomes , Kolish Daniel Vieira , Cardoso Maria Regina Alves , Tanaka Clarice , Vasconcelos Erika Flauzino Silva , Pereira Elaine Cristina , Dellú Máyra Cecilia , Pereira Wendry Maria Paixão , Aldrighi José Mendes , Schmitt Ana Carolina Basso
Published: April 2021

OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência de quedas acidentais em mulheres e identificar possíveis associações de variáveis sociodemográficas, clínicas e de hábitos de vida com as quedas, em 2007 e 2014. MÉTODOS: Foram realizados dois estudos transversais, em 2007 e 2014, dentro do Projeto de Saúde de Pindamonhangaba (PROSAPIN), com mulheres com idades variando de 35 a 75 anos. As amostras probabilísticas foram selecionadas dentre as mulheres residentes no município e participantes da Estratégia Saúde da Família. A coleta de dados incluiu: entrevista face a face, exame antropométrico e exame sanguíneo. A variável de desfecho “Sofreu queda nos últimos seis meses?” foi levantada durante a entrevista. Foram estimadas as prevalências de quedas em 2007 e 2014 por ponto e intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%). Modelos de regressão logística múltipla foram construídos para identificar a associação das variáveis independentes e a ocorrência de quedas para cada ano a partir da odds ratio (OR). Utilizou-se o software Stata 14.0 para análise estatística. RESULTADOS: A s p revalências d e q uedas a cidentais f oram: 17,6% ( IC95% 14,9–20,5) e m 2007 e 17,2% (IC95% 14,8–19,8) em 2014. Em 2007 os fatores associados a quedas foram: idade de 50–64 anos (OR = 1,81; IC95% 1,17–2,80), ensino médio (OR = 1,76; IC95% 1,06–2,93), hiperuricemia (OR = 3,74; IC95% 2,17–6,44), depressão (OR = 2,07; IC95% 1,31–3,27), sono ruim (OR = 1,78; IC95% 1,12–2,82) e sonolência diurna (OR = 1,86; IC95% 1,16–2,99). Em 2014 permaneceram: idade de 50–64 anos (OR = 1,64; IC95% 1,04–2,58), hiperuricemia (OR = 1,91; IC95% 1,07–3,43) e depressão (OR = 1,56; IC95% 1,02–2,38), acrescidos da síndrome metabólica (OR = 1,60; IC95% 1,03–2,47) e da dor musculoesquelética (OR = 1,81; IC95% 1,03–3,18). CONCLUSÕES: As quedas ocorrem de maneira importante em mulheres a partir dos 50 anos, indicando que não são restritas a idosos e que há necessidade de iniciar medidas preventivas mais precocemente. Os dois estudos mostraram magnitudes semelhantes de ocorrência de quedas acidentais e reforçaram sua multifatorialidade. Além disso, a hiperuricemia pode ser um potencial novo fator associado a quedas.
TÜRKİYE FİNANSAL RAPORLAMA STANDARTLARINA MUHASEBE MESLEK MENSUPLARININ YAKLAŞIMLARI VE FARKLILIKLARI ÜZERİNE BİR UYGULAMA
Authors: BARAN Emre , DERYA BASKAN Tuba
Published: April 2021

Bu araştırma, finansal raporlama standartlarının muhasebe meslek mensupları tarafından bilenen farklılıkları ve duruma ilişkin yaklaşımlarını tespit etmeyi hedeflemektedir. Bu kapsamda Ankara Serbest Muhasebeci Mali Müşavirler Odasına kayıtlı ve mesleki faaliyetlerini bağımsız olarak yürüten 392 muhasebe meslek mensubundan anket yoluyla elde edilen veriler frekans dağılımı ve aritmetik ortalama ile değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca, katılımcıların tanımlayıcı özelliklerine göre finansal raporlama standartlarına ilişkin yaklaşımlarında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık olup olmadığının tespit edilebilmesi için Kruskal-Wallis H Testi ve Mann-Whitney U Testi kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, araştırmaya katkı sağlayan muhasebe meslek mensuplarının muhasebe alanındaki küresel gelişmeleri yakından takip ettikleri ancak bilgilendirme faaliyetlerinde ve uygulama eğitiminde eksiklikler olduğu saptanmıştır. Diğer taraftan finansal raporlama standartlarının çevrilmesinin bazı kavramsal karmaşıkların ortaya çıkmasına yol açtığı bu suretle ilgili standartları öğrenmekte zorluk çektikleri tespit edilmiştir.
TREND-CYCLE MODELING OF TURKISH INFLATION: DOES STOCHASTIC VOLATILITY PLAY A ROLE?
Authors: ÇEKİN Semih Emre
Published: April 2021

Inflation dynamics in Turkey have been notoriously volatile for several decades. Starting in the 1970 decade, inflation rates frequently reached three digit levels, remained high until 2000 and decreased to relatively low levels after 2001 as a consequence of a series of reforms. Considering the volatile and alternating behavior of inflation dynamics in Turkey, the purpose of this work is to utilize different specifications, including time-varying trend and stochastic volatility setups, in order to test, to which extent stochastic volatility is relevant for modeling inflation in Turkey for the period 1955-2020. Our results suggest that inflation volatility is indeed time-varying and that the period 1980-2000 was characterized by increasing trend inflation and inflation volatility. Also, we show that specifications with stochastic volatility are preferred over those with constant volatility.
YOKSULLUK VE SERVETE İLİŞKİN NEDENSEL ATIFLARIN DEMOGRAFİK DEĞİŞKENLER BAĞLAMINDA İNCELENMESİ
Authors: BAYKAL Beril , KÖSE Sevda , ÖZSOY ÖZMEN Arzu , AYHAN Emine
Published: April 2021

Yoksulluk ve servete ilişkin atıflar birbirinden ayrı düşünülememesi gereken çalışma alanlarıdır. İlgili alan yazın incelendiğinde yoksulluğa ilişkin atıfların tek taraflı olarak ele alındığı servete ilişkin atıfların ise genellikle göz ardı edildiği görülmüştür. Bu çalışmanın amacı da yoksulluk ve servete ilişkin nedensel atıfları ve nedensel atıfların demografik değişkenlere göre değişip değişmediğini belirlemektir. Bu amaçla Kocaeli ilinde işgücü piyasasında bulunan ve rasgele seçilen 1010 kişiye yüzyüze anket uygulanmıştır. Araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre, işgücü piyasasında bulunan kişilerin yoksulluğa ilişkin olarak yapısal nedenlere atıf yaptıkları, servete ilişkin olarak ise sebat, hırs gibi bireysel nedenlere atıf yaptıkları görülmüştür. Demografik değişkenlere göre sonuçlara bakıldığında ise yoksulluğun nedeni olarak kadınların erkeklerden daha çok yapısal nedenlere atıfta bulunduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Lise altı eğitim düzeyine sahip bireylerin servetin nedenini ayrıcalık olarak gördüğü sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. 18-25 yaş grubundaki bireylerin yoksulluğa ilişkin kaderci, 34-41 yaş grubundaki bireylerin servete ilişkin yolsuzluk ve yozlaşmaya atıfta bulunduğu görülmüştür. Hane halkı geliri 0-2000 TL arasında olan bireylerin ve işsizlerin yoksulluğa ilişkin kaderci atıflarda bulunduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
TERSANE İŞLETMELERİNDE MEVCUT VE POTANSİYEL ÇALIŞANLARIN İŞVEREN MARKA ALGISI
Authors: SAYLAN Onur , EROĞLU Umut
Published: April 2021

Emek yoğun bir sektör olan tersane işletmelerinin yönetiminde, yetenekli çalışanların işe alınması ve tutulabilmesi kritik bir konudur. Bunu sağlamanın en önemli aracı da insan kaynakları yönetiminde işveren markası uygulamalarının kullanılmasıdır. İşveren markası uygulamalarının etkin bir şekilde yapılabilmesi için mevcut ve potansiyel çalışanların beklentilerinin öğrenilmesi, buna uygun bir değer önermesi sunulması ve önermedeki vaatlerin yerine getirilmesi gerekmektedir. Yapılan çalışma ile gemi inşa sektöründe mevcut ve potansiyel çalışanların işverenlerinden beklentileri tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Her iki gruptan, toplam 313 kişi ile bir anket çalışması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre katılımcıların işveren markasını iki boyutta algıladığı ve işyeri uygulamaları boyutuna itibar boyutundan daha fazla önem verdiği görülmüştür. Ayrıca, gemi inşa sektöründe etkili olan işveren marka iletişimi faktörleri yapılan çalışma ile belirlenmiştir.
VIX ENDEKSİNDE MEYDANA GELEN DEĞİŞMELERİN BIST ENDEKSLERİ ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ: ARDL SINIR TESTİ YAKLAŞIMI
Authors: AKGÜNEŞ Ahmet Oğuz
Published: April 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı “Korku Endeksi” olarak bilinen VIX endeksinde (Volatility Index) meydana gelen değişimlerin Borsa İstanbul endekslerine olan etkisinin araştırılmasıdır. Bu amaçla 04.01.2009-15.11.2020 tarihleri arasına ait veri seti kullanılarak VIX endeksi ile BIST Banka, BIST Turizm, BIST Hizmet, BIST Sınai, BIST Kimya Petrol Plastik ve BIST 100 endeksleri arasındaki ilişki analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada değişkenler arası uzun ve kısa dönemli ilişki ARDL sınır testi kullanarak ortaya konulmuştur. Analiz sonucunda elde edilen bulgulara göre VIX endeksi kısa dönemde Borsa İstanbul’un tüm endekslerini negatif yönde etkilemektedir. Ayrıca uzun dönemli ilişkiye bakıldığı zaman VIX endeksinin Borsa İstanbul’un tüm endekslerine negatif olan etkisi azalmakta olduğu ortaya konulmuştur.
BİLGİ KÜLTÜRÜ, BİLGİ PAYLAŞIMI VE ÖRGÜTSEL YENİLİKÇİLİK ETKİLEŞİMİ
Authors: ÇAKIREL Yasin , PINAR Recep
Published: April 2021

Bu çalışma kapsamında “bilgi kültürü” kavramı tanımlanmış ve bu kavramın boyutları ortaya koyulmaya çalışılmıştır. Bunun sebebi kavramın literatürümüzde nispeten yeni olmasıdır. Çalışmada bilgi kültürünün örgütsel yenilikçilik değişkeni üzerindeki etkisi ve bu etkide bilgi paylaşımının dolaylı etkisinin olup olmadığı incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın örneklemini İstanbul’da bulunan teknoloji geliştirme bölgelerindeki (teknokent/teknopark) 342 çalışan oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen bulgulara göre; bilgi kültürünün örgütsel yenilikçilik üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisi vardır. Bunun yanı sıra, bilgi kültürünün örgütsel yenilikçilik üzerindeki etkisinde bilgi paylaşımının dolaylı etkisinin olduğu bulunmuştur. Bu sonuçlar kurumların, örgüt kültürünün inşası sırasında, bilgiyi esas alan bir kültür geliştirmelerinin önemini ortaya koymuştur.
Description of Aphelenchoides roulingae n. sp. (Tylenchomorpha: Aphelenchoididae) isolated from Xylocopa collaris sauteri collected from Yilan, Taiwan, with some notes on A. xylocopae Kanzaki, 2006
Authors: Kanzaki Natsumi , Li Hou-Feng , Ekino Taisuke , Takeuchi-Kaneko Yuko , Maehara Noritoshi , Aikawa Takuya
Published: April 2021

Aphelenchoides roulingae n. sp. is described and illustrated. This new species was isolated from Xylocopa collaris sauteri collected at Fushan, Yilan county, Taiwan. Typologically, the new species is characterised by a three-lined lateral field, conical female tail with various and not pointed termini, male spicule with well-developed and slightly dorsally truncate condylus, blunt triangular-shaped rostrum and unevenly ventrally curved dorsal contour of the spicule blade (calomus-lamina complex). The combination of typological characters of the new species is unique. Aphelenchoides roulingae n. sp. shares the three-lined lateral field and female tail shape with ‘A. helicus’, which was previously transferred to Robustodorus from Aphelenchoides, but can be differentiated from that species by its longer and more slender female tail, narrower female tail tip, and longer female stylet. In addition, the spicule morphology of A. roulingae n. sp. is unique and not similar to that of any other Aphelenchoides species. Phylogenetically, the new species forms a well-supported clade with the other Xylocopa bee-associated species, A. xylocopae, but can be typologically and molecularly distinguished from the species. In addition to the taxonomic description, some typological characters of the genus Aphelenchoides are discussed.
Towards Dynamic Assessment of Determinants of Household Vulnerability to Poverty in Tanzania
Authors: Pantaleo Innocent M. , Ngasamiaku Wilhelm M.
Published: April 2021

The paper examines the determinants of vulnerability to expected poverty in Tanzania. Following Landau et al. (2012), Chaudhuri (2000) and Chaudhuri et al. (2003) on estimating Vulnerability to Expected Poverty (VEP), the paper uses a three waves of Tanzania National Panel Survey Data for Tanzania collected between 2008/2009, 2010/2011 and 2012/2013 to find that being employed in agriculture, residing in rural area and household size turns out to be significantly more likely to be poor in the future, at a given consumption level and in all cross-section combination. It also appeared that most of the variables were statistically insignificant at influencing the conditional variance of future consumption across household characteristics. Lastly, nearly 39.42% and 59.49% of households who were poor in 2008 turned out to be less vulnerable in 2010 and 2012 respectively and the rest turned out to be high vulnerable. Thus, consumption stabilization strategies are likely to be influential if they target families whose household head is aging.
Critical Analysis on the Comparative Advantage of Presidentialism over Parliamentary System on Liberty and National Unity in Ethiopia
Authors: Temesgen Sisay A.
Published: April 2021

The Ethiopian Federal Democratic Republic (EFDR) Constitution is promulgated in 1994. Under Article (45) of the EFDR the country is restructured from presidential to parliamentary system of government. Since then, the country has been ravaged by the gross violation of the liberty of citizens and the crisis of national unity and consensus among the diversified ethnic groups. The impact of the parliamentary system in aggravating those critical challenges and the comparative advantage of presidantialism is the most ignored political research topic. In this Article, I investigated that the blurry separation of powers of the parliamentary structure of the country has created fusion of powers which has undermined the system of checks and balances. Thus, the executive organ of the government has enabled to concentrate unchecked and unaccountable power which has manifested in the gross violation of the liberty of citizens. Likewise, Article (73) of EFDR has declared that the prime minister and council of ministers of the country to be appointed by the legislators. This has deprived their boarder popular base and authenticity; and equivocally undermined their potency and decisiveness in addressing the existing crisis of national unity and consensus. Comparatively, the presidential structure of government is defined by the firm separation of powers and genuine system of checks and balances. The direct popular election of the president enables the president and council of ministers to secure broader popular base and authenticity. Thus, it is advantageous over parliamentarian structure in terms of protecting the liberty of citizens and addressing the crisis of national unity and consensus in Ethiopia.
The Judeo-Arabic Dialect of Yefren (Libya): Phonological and Morphological Notes
Authors: D’Anna Luca
Published: April 2021

The present article offers a preliminary description of the Judeo-Arabic variety spoken in Yefren (Libya), based on interviews collected from three elderly female informants. It analyzes the phonology and morphology of the dialect, attempting some sociolinguistic considerations on issues of dialect contact between Muslim and Jewish varieties of Libyan Arabic. In conclusion, the article discusses the position of Yefreni Judeo-Arabic within the context of Libyan and North African Judeo-Arabic as a whole. While belonging to the Eqa:l group of North-African Judeo-Arabic, a sufficient number of isoglosses allows us to posit the existence of two separate subgroups within Libyan Judeo-Arabic, here indicated as the Tripoli and Yefreni types.
Allium toksanbaicum (Amaryllidaceae), a new species from Southeast Kazakhstan

Authors: FRIESEN NIKOLAI , VESSELOVA POLINA , OSMONALY BEKTEMIR , SITPAYEVA GULNARA , LUFEROV ALEXANDER , SHMAKOV ALEXANDER
Published: April 2021

Allium toksanbaicum from South East Kazakhstan is described as a new species. Molecular markers reveal a close relationship to A. obliquum and some other central Asian species of the section Oreiprason. We investigated the phylogenetic relationship of the new species based on sequences of two chloroplast spacers (rpl32-trnL and trnQ-rps16) and the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. The new species is diploid with a chromosome number of 2n = 2x = 16. A detailed morphological description, illustrations and karyotype features of the new species are given. With its falcate leaves, the new species is very similar to A. carolinianum from the section Falcatifolia, but in the shape of the inflorescence and flowers it is very different from it. From A. obliquum it differs for the purple colour of flowers and filaments, as well as the presence of teeth at the base of inner stamens.
Single-Molecule Fluorescence Techniques for Membrane Protein Dynamics Analysis
Authors: Yang Ziyu , Xu Haiqi , Wang Jiayu , Chen Wei , Zhao Meiping
Published: April 2021

Fluorescence-based single-molecule techniques, mainly including fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (smFRET), are able to analyze the conformational dynamics and diversity of biological macromolecules. They have been applied to analysis of the dynamics of membrane proteins, such as membrane receptors and membrane transport proteins, due to their superior ability in resolving spatio-temporal heterogeneity and the demand of trace amounts of analytes. In this review, we first introduced the basic principle involved in FCS and smFRET. Then we summarized the labeling and immobilization strategies of membrane protein molecules, the confocal-based and TIRF-based instrumental configuration, and the data processing methods. The applications to membrane protein dynamics analysis are described in detail with the focus on how to select suitable fluorophores, labeling sites, experimental setup, and analysis methods. In the last part, the remaining challenges to be addressed and further development in this field are also briefly discussed.
The Role of the Social Network in Fatal Opioid Overdose Prevention: The Former Opioid User’s Perspective
Authors: Wygonik Quri , Glassman Tavis , Tucker-Gail Kasey
Published: April 2021

Naloxone hydrochloride (naloxone) is an effective fatal opioid overdose prevention strategy. The study findings describe former opioid users’ phenomenological perspectives regarding their social network, settings of use, and the benefits and barriers to naloxone. Participants ( N = 25) with at least 6 months of recovery time ( M = 30, SD = 14.40) were interviewed individually for an average of 21 ( SD = 5.13) min. The sample was predominately male, Caucasian, and non-Hispanic with an average age of 37 ( SD = 7.22) years. Interview transcripts were analyzed using systematic thematic analysis. During their period of opioid use, most participants differentiated the members of their social network as other people who use opioids (PWUO) and nonusers. The participants described several opportunities for members of their social network to use naloxone. They discussed barriers to naloxone use specific to PWUO within their social network such as apathy toward overdose. Future interventions should be tailored to address naloxone use barriers specific to PWUO and nonusers.
Why William Osler Matters
Authors: Worner Tod
Published: April 2021

William Osler has been largely forgotten, but his abiding wisdom speaks loudly to a profession consumed in burnout & uncertainty.
Educational Paradigm Shifts and the Effects on Educating Gifted Students in the Netherlands and Flanders
Authors: van Gerven Eleonoor
Published: April 2021

Currently, in Western society, five significant paradigm shifts can be distinguished affecting Dutch and Flemish gifted education: (a) an inclusive approach of education, (b) response to educational needs, (c) new perspectives on giftedness, (d) social constructivism, and (e) evidence-informed teaching. In this review article, the positioning of the education of gifted students in primary schools in the Netherlands and Flanders is explained within the context of these five significant paradigm shifts. There are frictions between what is, from a theoretical perspective, desirable optimally and what can currently be realized in Dutch and Flemish education. The process of change demonstrates a need for competent specialists in gifted education. Because basic teacher competencies for the Netherlands and Flanders are already prescribed by law, the construction of a competency matrix is recommended for specialists in gifted education that combines the general teaching competencies with competencies that apply specifically for gifted education.
Clinical effect of Brisson operation modified by Y-shaped incision for treatment of concealed penis in adolescents
Authors: Su Quanxin , Gao Shenglin , Lu Chao , Wu Xingyu , Zuo Li , Zhang Lifeng
Published: April 2021

Objective

To analyze the clinical effect of the Brisson operation modified by a Y-shaped incision in treating adolescent concealed penis.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed clinical data of 27 adolescents with a concealed penis treated with the Brisson operation modified by a Y-shaped incision in our hospital from January 2017 to March 2020.

Results

The operation went smoothly in all 27 patients. Postoperative foreskin edema occurred in 12 patients and spontaneously resolved within 1 month postoperatively. Two patients developed postoperative retropubic infection. After administering antibiotics and symptomatic treatment, both patients’ conditions improved within 1 week. All operations obtained satisfactory results. Postoperatively, when the penis was in a non-erect state, it was clearly exposed without retraction or concealment; thus, demonstrating good surgical results. The prepuce was distributed naturally without obvious accumulation of redundant preputial tissue. The penile scar resembled that after circumcision. The postoperative follow-up period was 6 months, during which no patients developed recurrence.

Conclusion

The Brisson operation modified by a Y-shaped incision is effective for treating a concealed penis in adolescent patients. This technique may relieve the pathological abnormalities and retain the penile skin's integrity to the greatest extent with minimal scarring and a satisfactory appearance.
Does it pay to bribe? The influence of bribery on new venture disbanding in China
Authors: Tang Jintong , Tang Zhi
Published: April 2021

This research extends bribery research toward entrepreneurial theory and practice by examining how bribery impacts new venture disbanding in China. Existing research suggests that bribery may enhance firms’ competitive advantage; however, building off of resource-based view and taking into consideration the institutional context in China, the current study proposes that firm bribery activity hurts new ventures by increasing the hazard of venture disbanding. Further, guided by resource dependence theory, this study examines how local economic development and organizing activity moderate the relation between bribery and disbanding. In particular, it is proposed that when local economic development is suffering, or when firms are not engaging in appropriate organizing activities, bribery will lead to higher chance of new venture disbanding. Data from Chinese entrepreneurs support these hypotheses.
An Ecological Momentary Assessment of College Women’s Decisions to Use Protective Behavioral Strategies
Authors: Scaglione Nichole M. , Turrisi Rob , Sell Nichole M. , Mallett Kimberly A. , Cleveland Michael J.
Published: April 2021

Protective behavioral strategies (PBS) have been associated with reduced risk for sexual assault victimization in college women. Sexual assault risk reduction programs have had limited success increasing PBS use, particularly among heavy drinkers, suggesting a need for additional research on the malleable predictors of PBS use. Whereas longitudinal studies show women’s decisions to use PBS can be both planned and reactive, little is known about the decision-making processes that affect PBS use on drinking days, when sexual assault risk may be elevated. The current study used ecological momentary assessment to examine variability in the associations between decision-making and PBS use within and across drinking days in first-semester college women. Participants (56 female drinkers) completed a 14-day protocol with three daily measures of intentions and willingness to use PBS, and once-daily diaries of PBS use. Multilevel models examined between-day and within-day effects of intentions and willingness to use PBS with regards to sexual assault PBS (e.g., communicating sexual boundaries) and drinking PBS (e.g., limiting alcohol consumption), respectively. On days when sexual assault PBS willingness increased throughout the day, women tended to use more sexual assault PBS. This association was strongest among women who were typically less willing to use these PBS. Among women who were the least willing to use drinking PBS, their drinking PBS use decreased on days when they reported increased willingness to use them. Decisions to use sexual assault and drinking PBS on drinking days were qualified by women’s typical levels of willingness to use the different PBS. This suggests the need for a multi-faceted intervention strategy that targets both typical and event-level risk. Individual-level alcohol and sexual assault risk reduction approaches could be enhanced with event-level PBS messaging and evaluation.
Representativeness of airborne brake wear emission for the automotive industry: A review
Authors: Philippe Florian , Morgeneyer Martin , Xiang Maiqi , Manokaran Maheandar , Berthelot Brice , Chen Yan-ming , Charles Pierre , Guingand Frédéric , Bressot Christophe
Published: April 2021

Brake wear gives 16%–55% by mass to total non-exhaust traffic related PM10 emissions in urban environments. While engines have become cleaner in the past decades, few improvements were made to lower non-exhaust emission until recently. Researchers have developed several experimental methods over the past years to assess brake emissions. However, observations tend to differ from a method to another with respect to many disciplines, ranging from particle system characterization to brake cycles, and it remains difficult to compare results of different research groups. It is so crucial to get a consensus on the standard experimental method. The following article lists limits which influence measurements and has to be taken into account when comparing works from different laboratories. This article also discusses how to design tests to get a relevant braking particle system characterization.
Sample size estimation for modified Poisson analysis of cluster randomized trials with a binary outcome
Authors: Li Fan , Tong Guangyu
Published: April 2021

The modified Poisson regression coupled with a robust sandwich variance has become a viable alternative to log-binomial regression for estimating the marginal relative risk in cluster randomized trials. However, a corresponding sample size formula for relative risk regression via the modified Poisson model is currently not available for cluster randomized trials. Through analytical derivations, we show that there is no loss of asymptotic efficiency for estimating the marginal relative risk via the modified Poisson regression relative to the log-binomial regression. This finding holds both under the independence working correlation and under the exchangeable working correlation provided a simple modification is used to obtain the consistent intraclass correlation coefficient estimate. Therefore, the sample size formulas developed for log-binomial regression naturally apply to the modified Poisson regression in cluster randomized trials. We further extend the sample size formulas to accommodate variable cluster sizes. An extensive Monte Carlo simulation study is carried out to validate the proposed formulas. We find that the proposed formulas have satisfactory performance across a range of cluster size variability, as long as suitable finite-sample corrections are applied to the sandwich variance estimator and the number of clusters is at least 10. Our findings also suggest that the sample size estimate under the exchangeable working correlation is more robust to cluster size variability, and recommend the use of an exchangeable working correlation over an independence working correlation for both design and analysis. The proposed sample size formulas are illustrated using the Stop Colorectal Cancer (STOP CRC) trial.
Quantile regression models for survival data with missing censoring indicators
Authors: Qiu Zhiping , Ma Huijuan , Chen Jianwei , Dinse Gregg E
Published: April 2021

The quantile regression model has increasingly become a useful approach for analyzing survival data due to its easy interpretation and flexibility in exploring the dynamic relationship between a time-to-event outcome and the covariates. In this paper, we consider the quantile regression model for survival data with missing censoring indicators. Based on the augmented inverse probability weighting technique, two weighted estimating equations are developed and corresponding easily implemented algorithms are suggested to solve the estimating equations. Asymptotic properties of the resultant estimators and the resampling-based inference procedures are established. Finally, the finite sample performances of the proposed approaches are investigated in simulation studies and a real data application.
Polypharmacy, chemotherapy receipt, and medication-related out-of-pocket costs at end of life among commercially insured adults with advanced cancer
Authors: McDermott Cara L , Curtis J Randall , Sun Qin , Fedorenko Catherine , Kreizenbeck Karma , Ramsey Scott D
Published: April 2021

Background

Polypharmacy raises the risk of drug-drug interactions and adverse events among patients with cancer. Most polypharmacy research has focused on adults age 65 or older enrolled in Medicare insurance. To better inform pharmacy practice and cancer care delivery, data are needed on polypharmacy among commercially insured patients with cancer and those younger than 65.

Methods

We performed a retrospective analysis of insurance enrollment and claims files linked to the Puget Sound Cancer Surveillance System for adults age 18 and older who were commercially insured, diagnosed with stage IV cancer, survived 30+ days after diagnosis, and did not enroll in hospice. We describe the prevalence of polypharmacy, chemotherapy use, and medication-related out-of-pocket (OOP) costs in the last month of life.

Results

Of 606 patients, 390 (64%) experienced polypharmacy (i.e. 5+ medications) in the last 30 days of life. Almost half (n = 297, 49%) received chemotherapy or targeted agents; chemotherapy was associated with significantly higher odds of polypharmacy (odds ratio (OR) 2.93, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.04–4.20). The most commonly prescribed medications at end of life were opioids, benzodiazepines and anti-emetics. Among 484 patients (80%) incurring medication-related costs in the last month of life, median total OOP cost was $82 (interquartile range $30–$200). Seven patients (1%) had total costs above $5,000. The median chemotherapy-related OOP cost was $446 (IQR $150–$1896); 32 patients (7%) had chemotherapy-related OOP costs between $1,000 and $5,000.

Conclusion

Most patients with advanced cancer experienced polypharmacy at end of life, although most medications observed herein are commonly used for supportive care. Patients receiving chemotherapy had higher medication-related OOP costs, and chemotherapy was significantly associated with polypharmacy at end of life. Evaluation of polypharmacy at end of life may represent an important opportunity to improve quality of life and reduce costs for patients and families.
Government Size, Trade Openness, and Intersectoral Income Fluctuation: An International Panel Analysis
Authors: Kim Daehaeng , Lee Chul-In
Published: April 2021

Using the between-sector variation in income as a new measure of economic uncertainty, this article proposes simple models and supportive empirical evidence for the simultaneous relationship between economic uncertainty and government size in the open economy setting. Main empirical findings are that (i) a larger government reduces economic uncertainty, and, at the same time, (ii) an economy facing higher uncertainty has a larger government. However, (iii) the government tends to resort to redistributive policies to reduce the uncertainty, while (iv) government direct spending is also an effective option for the purpose. The study also finds that (v) the new cross-sectional measure of economic uncertainty tends to rise when a country becomes more open to international trade. Our results suggest that there is some trade-off between economic stability and a small government.
(C)overt linguistic racism: Eastern-European background immigrant women in the Australian workplace
Authors: Tankosić Ana , Dovchin Sender
Published: April 2021

Linguistic racism explores the varied ideologies that may generate and endorse monolingual, native, and normative language practices, while reinforcing the discrimination and injustice directed towards language users whose language and communicative repertoires are not necessarily perceived as standard and normal. This article, thus, investigates linguistic racism, as a form of existing, but newly defined, racism against unconventional ethnic language practices experienced by Eastern-European immigrant women in the Australian workplace. Our ethnographic study shows that, once these women directly or subtly exhibit their non-nativism, through a limited encounter with local expressions, non-native language skills, and ethnic accents, they become victims of covert and overt linguistic racism in the form of social exclusion, mockery, mimicking, and malicious sarcasm in the hierarchical power environment of the workplace. As a result, these migrants can suffer from long-lasting psychological trauma and distress, emotional hurdles, loss of credibility, and language-based inferiority complexes. We, as researchers, need to highlight the importance of combatting workplace linguistic racism and revealing language realities of underprivileged communities. In that way, we can assist them in adapting to host societies and help them regain some degree of power equality in their institutional environments.
Investigation on transient dynamic balancing of the power turbine rotor and its application
Authors: Deng Wangqun , Tong Mengyu , Zheng Qingyang , Ren Xingmin , Yang Yongfeng
Published: April 2021

In the dynamic balancing procedure of the rotor system, the unbalance is determined as a principal parameter which should be identified firstly. In actual engineering, the interference of external noise on the rotor is usually the main factor influencing the identification. In this paper, we focus on the unbalance identification of the power turbine rotor while the vibration response is influenced by signal interference during the balancing process in actual engineering. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and wavelet transform are used to analyze the collected original signal. Butterworth filter and Chebyshev type I filter are employed to test signal processing. The transient dynamic balancing method and the single plane influence coefficient method are used to balance the three balancing bosses of the rotor, and the balance efficiency is compared. The results show that, the signal fluctuation of boss 3 in high-frequency band is less than boss 1 and boss 2. Butterworth filter is more effective than Chebyshev type I filter in filtering the transient response data. The transient dynamic balancing method requires one test run without any trial-weights. More importantly, compared with the influence coefficient method, the transient dynamic balancing method has a better balancing effect.
Nonepileptic Myoclonus in COVID-19: Case Report
Authors: Hewan Henly , Yang Annie , Vaddiparti Aparna , Keung Benison
Published: April 2021

In late 2019, the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, and the disease it causes, COVID-19, was identified. Since then many different neurological manifestations of COVID-19 have been well reported. Movement abnormalities have been rarely described. We report here a critically ill patient with COVID-19 who developed generalized myoclonus during the recovery phase of the infection. Myoclonus was associated with cyclical fevers and decreased alertness. Movements were refractory to conventional anti-epileptic therapies. There was concern that myoclonus could be part of a post-infectious immune-mediated syndrome. The patient improved fully with a 4-day course of high-dose steroids. Our experience highlights a rare, generalized myoclonus syndrome associated with COVID-19 that may be immune-mediated and is responsive to treatment.
Institutional Resilience: The Foundation for Individual Resilience, Especially During COVID-19
Authors: Riess Helen
Published: April 2021

In the protracted healthcare crisis that the COVID-19 pandemic has become, healthcare professional wellness and resilience are a national concern. Physicians, nurses and medical staff have been profoundly negatively affected due to the inability of institutions to prepare for this pandemic. Institutional fixed point standards such as Eudaemonics, Inherent Value, and Amplifying Assumptions are essential to make it possible to steer an organizational course during a crisis. Fixed point standards must be embedded in hospitals and systems so they are positioned to do the most good. Employees must feel safe, valued and cared for always, so they can be resilient when crises strike. The best way to do that is by viewing the healthcare professionals through the lens of empathy. Institutional values of safety, access to accurate and caring information, human connection, and emphasis on mental health, are hallmarks of resilient organizations and will result in resilient individuals.
Evaluation of Adjacent Segment With Pre-Existing Degeneration Using the Cerebrospinal Fluid Occlusion Sign on MRI Before Posterior Lumbar Fusion: A Multi-Center Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Sun Zhuoran , Li Zhuofu , Guo Yang , Li Weishi , Chen Xin , Li Shugang , Shen Jianxiong , Qi Longtao , Zhao Yao , Li Chunde , Zhu Di , Zhu Jichao , Liu Baoge
Published: April 2021

Study Design:

Prospective cohort study.

Objective:

To evaluate whether pre-existing adjacent spinal canal stenosis (SCS) is associated with short-term outcomes after lumbar fusion surgery.

Methods:

We included patients with lumbar spinal stenosis treated surgically between July 2015 and December 2017 at 4 centers. All patients had the same pathology, with L4-S1 as the culprit sections. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on the cerebrospinal fluid occlusion sign on MRI at the adjacent L3/4 level. Patients without SCS (grade 0) and with mild SCS (grade 1) were classified into the non-stenosis (NS) and mild stenosis (MS) groups, respectively. All patients underwent PLIF and completed at least 1-year follow-up. The incidence of adjacent segment degeneration (ASDeg) and clinical outcomes were compared between the 2 groups.

Results:

A total of 308 patients (NS, 156; MS, 152) met the inclusion criteria. The incidence of ASDeg in the NS group (n = 40, 25.6%) was significantly lower than that in the MS group (n = 74, 48.7%; P < .001). The most frequent type of ASDeg in the 2 groups was the SCS-aggravated type. No significant difference was observed in adjacent segment disease incidence between the 2 groups ( P = .243). The NS group had better outcomes according to the clinical function scores ( P < .05).

Conclusions:

The cerebrospinal fluid occlusion sign on MRI is valuable for evaluating the adjacent segment with pre-existing degeneration. Patients with mild SCS in adjacent segments were more likely to have ASDeg, and the most frequent type of ASDeg was the SCS-aggravated type at early follow-up.