bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electronic Patient-Reported Outcome Validation: Disablement in the Physically Active Scale
Authors: Stankevitz Diane , Larkins Lindsay , Baker Russell T
Published: February 2019

Context

Determining patient outcomes is essential to quality health care. Administering electronic patient-reported outcomes measures (PROMs) offers potential advantages, including faster completion and efficient data access and storage. However, commonly used PROMs have not been studied across multiple administration modes, limiting clinicians to paper forms until the electronic versions are validated.

Objective

To determine the validity of an electronic version of the Disablement in the Physically Active (DPA) scale compared with the paper version.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Electronic and paper versions of the DPA scale were randomly administered to 117 participants (38 women, 79 men; age = 21.6 ± 5.9 years) 24 to 48 hours apart. Responses were compared using Pearson product moment correlations, canonical correlations, and covariance modeling.

Results

The electronic version of the DPA scale was strongly correlated with the paper version when compared using a bivariate correlation (r = 0.86, P < .001) or covariance modeling approach (r = 0.90, P < .001).

Conclusions

The electronic version of the DPA scale was comparable with the paper version, making the former more efficient for use in athletic training. This study provides a template for other clinician-researchers to perform similar evaluations of electronic PROMs to determine their equivalency with the paper versions before implementing them in practice.
Transdisciplinary relationship between mathematics and accounting
Authors: Mkhize Msizi V.
Published: February 2019

Accounting and mathematics are closely related. There is little mathematics content that a profound relationship exists between mathematics and accounting. There is, however, a limited understanding of the nature of this relationship and the extent to which mathematics influences the teaching and learning of accounting. Accounting scholars perform a variety of calculations in accounting courses, making mathematics integral to the successful study of accounting. This investigative study is hinged on transdisciplinary relationship between mathematics and accounting in an undergraduate teacher education degree. The purpose of this article was to identify the mathematics topics required for the study of accounting in a Bachelor of Education (BEd) degree curriculum. A detailed analysis of the BEd Accounting course content for Accounting I, II and III regarding mathematical topics students encounter in their accounting modules was undertaken. A content analysis in the form documents was employed. Accounting course packs were analysed for mathematics required in a BEd curriculum. The analysis of accounting course packs revealed a range of mathematical content required for accounting. This finding confirmed the mathematical content needed for accounting, as identified under literature review. This article concludes with the implications for basic education, higher education, textbook writers, curriculum specialists and international policymakers.
О стабилизации одной автоматной модели миграционных процессов
Authors: Vasilyev Denis Igorevich , Gasanov Elyar Eldarovich , Kudryavtsev Valerii Borisovich
Published: February 2019

Рассматривается динамическая система городов с имеющимися в них мигрантами. В каждом городе имеется функция зарплаты, зависящая от числа мигрантов в городе. Система моделируется автоматом, состояние которого есть вектор числа мигрантов в каждом из городов. Функция переходов автомата отражает условия переезда мигрантов из города в город. Если переезды с некоторого момента прекращаются, то считается, что система стабилизировалась. В работе найдены условия стабилизации данной системы, в зависимости от ограничений на функцию зарплат и функцию переходов автомата. Показано, что если функции зарплат - строго убывающие функции и их области значений не пересекаются, и если функция переходов определена так, что мигрант переезжает в другой город точно при условии возрастания зарплаты, то система обязательно стабилизируется, причем финальное состояние зависит только от суммарного числа мигрантов и не зависит от начального их распределения по городам. Если изменить функцию переходов так, чтобы мигрант переезжал также при сохранении зарплаты, но при условии возрастания суммарных зарплат в городах, то для стабилизации системы достаточно монотонного убывания функций зарплат.
L’EJP One Health, projet européen de programmation conjointe et de financement de la recherche sur les zoonoses alimentaires
Authors: Jestin André , Imberechts Hein
Published: February 2019

L’EJP One health est un projet européen de recherche destiné à éclairer la décision publique dans le domaine de la sécurité sanitaire des aliments (One Health EJP). Il a pour objectif de contribuer à renforcer les liens existants entre santé animale, santé humaine et l’environnement selon la démarche “Une seule santé”. Co-financé par la Commission Européenne et les états membres de l’Union Européenne, ce projet regroupe 39 partenaires de 19 états membres. Ces centres publics de recherche, soit en santé publique soit en santé animale, mènent des travaux de recherche sur les zoonoses alimentaires, l’antibiorésistance et les maladies émergentes alimentaires tout en assurant les mandats de référence correspondants. La mise en œuvre de la démarche “Une seule santé” se fait par la mobilisation des deux communautés “Med” et “Vet”, dans une approche multidisciplinaire. Les priorités thématiques de recherche sont définies par les instituts de recherche après consultation des agences nationales et européennes d’évaluation des risques. Par cette approche l’EJP One Health est un projet de recherche destinée à générer des informations scientifiques essentielles à l’analyse et à l’évaluation des risques sanitaires, et à ce titre est en appui à la décision publique.
Diversité des modalités de transmission du virus Ébola à l’homme
Authors: Leroy Éric , Maganga Gaël Darren
Published: February 2019

La fièvre hémorragique Ébola est une zoonose qui se manifeste sous la forme de flambées épidémiques dont l’ampleur et la fréquence n’ont cessé de croître au cours des dernières années. Malgré l’introduction de vaccins, la lutte contre les épidémies se heurte à leur imprévisibilité, elle-même liée aux nombreuses interrogations sur les modes de contamination de l’Homme, qu’elle soit d’origine zoonotique ou humaine. En effet, les mécanismes de la transmission interhumaine du virus semblent beaucoup plus complexes et variés que le seul contact avec les fluides biologiques sanglants des patients. Le rôle de la faune animale lors de l’apparition des flambées épidémiques reste énigmatique en raison des incertitudes sur l’identité du réservoir et sur le nombre des espèces animales sensibles. Enfin, l’implication des animaux domestiques dans la dissémination du virus en contexte épidémique a probablement été largement sous-évaluée. L’élucidation de tous ces points constitue un enjeu scientifique et sanitaire majeur si l’on veut pouvoir combattre efficacement le virus Ebola et envisager la disparition des épidémies.
Welded Flash Controlled, High Strength (690 MPa Tensile Strength) Low Alloy Steel Hydraulic Tubing, Stress Relieved, Annealed for Bending, Double Flaring, Cold Forming, and Brazing
Authors:   Metallic Tubing Committee
Published: February 2019

This SAE Standard covers stress relieved electric resistance welded flash controlled single wall high strength low alloy steel tubing intended for use in high-pressure hydraulic lines and in other applications requiring tubing of a quality suitable for bending, double flaring,cold forming and brazing. Material produced to this specification is not intended to be used for single flare applications due to the potential leak path caused by the ID weld bead. The grade of material produced to this specification is of micro-alloy content. Nominal reference working pressures for this tubing are listed in ISO 10763 and SAE J1065.

Brazed and/or welded tube assembly configurations made to specific geometry and components in association with this material may require qualification testing in accordance with ISO 19879. Cold forming the tube end configurations avoids this systemic testing by not compromising the structural integrity of the tube material.

In an effort to standardize within a global marketplace and ensure that companies can remain competitive in an international market, it is the intent to convert to metric tube sizes, which will:

Lead to one global system

Guide users to preferred system

Reduce complexity

Eliminate inventory duplications
El breve “Discurso del método” de Claude Shannon
Authors: Álvarez Juan Ramón
Published: February 2019

The following study departs from the lecture, entitled “Creative thinking”, delivered by Claude Shannon in 1952 at the Bell Laboratories. This paper includes an interpretive and critical account of the necessary conditions (innate and acquired), as well as the desirable procedures, which must be satisfied in the scientific and technological invention, within the frame of the so-called scientist’s spontaneous philosophy (SSP).
Desacuerdo entre pares epistémicos en el debate naturaleza-cultura
Authors: Pallitto Nahuel
Published: February 2019

Scientific disagreements constitute valuable resources for reflecting on epistemic peer disagreements. In this essay I engage in the debate whether epistemic peers who disagree should be conciliatory or steadfast by examining how scientists actually react in the so called nature-nurture debate. The main conclusion of the analysis is that, when taking into consideration concrete epistemic practices with peers responding to different epistemic perspectives, scientists have good reasons to be steadfast. At the same time, the theoretical conceptualizations of the epistemology of peer disagreement illuminates certain aspects of the nature-nurture debate, such as its long persistence. Therefore, this article contributes both to the debate over the epistemology of disagreement and to the understanding of a never-ending controversy in the life sciences.
Mulheres na gestão universitária: a ótica de docentes de Minas Gerais
Authors: Barbosa de Siqueira Rafaela Fernanda , Miranda Adílio Renê Almeida , Cappelle Mônica Carvalho Alves
Published: February 2019

Apesar de as mulheres estarem presentes em diversos setores do mercado de trabalho, podem, ainda, encontrar dificuldades, principalmente, no exercício da gerência, como em cargos de alto escalão. Nesse sentido, buscou-se, com esta pesquisa, compreender a percepção de docentes gestoras sobre as mulheres na gestão em universidades federais mineiras. Metodologicamente, realizou-se uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com 18 docentes gestoras de universidades federais de Minas Gerais. Verificou-se que os papéis socialmente construídos para o homem e para a mulher podem influenciar nas relações de trabalho no contexto da gestão universitária. Percebeu-se que, para algumas docentes entrevistadas, no que se refere às mulheres em altos cargos hierárquicos, há uma visão equivocada de superação da desigualdade de gênero. Para outras, as desigualdades ainda estão presentes. Verificou-se, por meio das entrevistas realizadas, diversos conflitos no ambiente de trabalho que mostram as faces do preconceito e da discriminação na gestão universitária. Para lidar com tais conflitos, estratégias podem ser desenvolvidas no sentido de se adequar a uma figura que se espera em cargos gerenciais. Dessa forma, o exercício da gestão apresenta-se como um desafio para as mulheres, sobretudo, pela desigualdade de gênero.
O estudo da disciplina de empreendedorismo nas instituições de ensino superior de administração de Aracaju e de São Cristóvão (SE)
Authors: Correia Naiane Karoline Santos , Aragão Iracema Machado de , Silva Amanda Luiza Soares
Published: February 2019

A educação empreendedora é importante para a formação profissional dos empreendedores ou aqueles que trabalharão em empresas, na criação de negócios competitivos, na empregabilidade e para o desenvolvimento econômico do país. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a influência das práticas didático-pedagógicas no estudo da disciplina de Empreendedorismo, adotadas pelas Instituições de Ensino Superior - IES do curso de Administração de Aracaju e de São Cristóvão/SE. A metodologia utilizada é o estudo de casos múltiplos e o roteiro de entrevista semi-estruturado teve como base a Matriz de Estilos de Aprendizagem e Técnicas Pedagógicas de Ulrich e Cole (1987). Esse estudo teve como resultados que as disciplinas de empreendedorismo são ofertadas a partir do 5º período na maioria das IES participantes e todas as IES utilizam as práticas didático-pedagógicas, tais como, filmes, palestras e aulas expositivas, diálogos, discussões limitadas, estudos de casos, avaliação de problemas e instrução programa.
A internacionalização dos processos de compras em IES comunitárias
Authors: Lautert Julia , Gonçalves Roberto Birch
Published: February 2019

As Instituições de Ensino Superior Comunitária (IES) são instituições sem fins lucrativos que desenvolvem ações essencialmente educacionais (ensino, pesquisa e extensão). Tem forte presença na vida da sociedade, atuando na área da pesquisa e promovendo o desenvolvimento. No exercício de suas atividades, por vezes, necessita adquirir materiais ou equipamentos oriundos de fora do país a cargo das IES, centralizando estas ações no setor de suprimentos ou compras. O objetivo do artigo é identificar e analisar as características dos processos de compras internacionais nas IES Comunitárias. Os procedimentos metodologicos aplicados nesse estudo foram através de uma pesquisa exploratória, com abordagem qualitativa de estudo de caso. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevistas presenciais e individuais em profundidade apoiadas por um roteiro semiestruturado. Os resultados mostram as dificuldades da IES na gestão cotidiana, principalmente por conta da intensidade e diversidade das operações e a inabilidade na utilização do sistema informatizado. No aspecto da importação a dificuldade refere-se aos processos serem de alto valor, únicos e com muitas especificidades, além das dificuldades provenientes das imperfeições das solicitações de compras dos demandantes.
Transformation and aging of biomass burning carbonaceous aerosol over tropical South America from aircraft in-situ measurements during SAMBBA
Authors: Morgan William T. , Allan James D. , Bauguitte Stéphane , Darbyshire Eoghan , Flynn Michael J. , Lee James , Liu Dantong , Johnson Ben , Haywood Jim , Longo Karla M. , Artaxo Paulo E. , Coe Hugh
Published: February 2019

Abstract. We present a range of airborne in-situ observations of biomass burning carbonaceous aerosol over tropical South America, including a case study of a large tropical forest wildfire and a series of regional survey flights across the Brazilian Amazon and Cerrado. The study forms part of the South American Biomass Burning Analysis (SAMBBA) Project, which was conducted during September and October 2012. We find limited evidence for net increases in aerosol mass through atmospheric aging combined with substantial changes in the chemical properties of organic aerosol (OA). Oxidation of the OA increases significantly and rapidly on the scale of 2.5–3 hours based on our case study analysis and is consistent with secondary organic aerosol production. The observations of limited net enhancement in OA coupled with such changes in chemical composition, imply that evaporation of OA is also occurring to balance these changes. We observe significant coatings on black carbon particles at source, but with limited changes with aging in both particle core size and coating thickness. We quantify variability in the ratio of OA to carbon monoxide across our study as a key parameter representing both initial fire conditions and an indicator of net aerosol production with atmospheric aging. We observe ratios of 0.075–0.13 μg sm−3 ppbv−1 in the west of our study region over the Amazon tropical forest in air masses less influenced by precipitation and a value of 0.095 μg sm−3 ppbv−1 over the Cerrado environment in the east. Such values are consistent with emission factors used by numerical models to represent biomass burning OA emissions. Black carbon particle core sizes typically range from 250–290 nm, while coating thicknesses range from 40–110 nm in air masses less influenced by precipitation. The primary driver of the variability we observe appears to be related to changes at the initial fire source. A key lesson from our study is that the complex nature of the regional aerosol and its drivers precludes aggregating our observations as a function of atmospheric aging due to the many conflating and competing factors present. Our study explores and quantifies key uncertainties in the evolution of biomass burning aerosol at both nearfield and regional scales. Our results suggest that the initial conditions of the fire are the primary driver of carbonaceous aerosol physical and chemical properties over tropical South America, aside from significant oxidation of OA during atmospheric aging. Such findings imply that uncertainties in the magnitude of the aerosol burden and its impact on weather, climate, health and natural ecosystems most likely lie in quantifying emission sources, alongside atmospheric dispersion, transport and removal rather than chemical enhancements in mass.
An improved low-power measurement of ambient NO2 and O3 combining electrochemical sensor clusters and machine learning
Authors: Smith Kate R. , Edwards Peter M. , Ivatt Peter D. , Lee James D. , Squires Freya , Dai Chengliang , Peltier Richard E. , Evans Mat J. , Sun Yele , Lewis Alastair C.
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Low-cost sensors (LCSs) are an appealing solution to the problem of spatial
resolution in air quality measurement, but they currently do not have the
same analytical performance as regulatory reference methods. Individual
sensors can be susceptible to analytical cross-interferences; have random
signal variability; and experience drift over short, medium and long
timescales. To overcome some of the performance limitations of individual
sensors we use a clustering approach using the instantaneous median signal
from six identical electrochemical sensors to minimize the randomized drifts
and inter-sensor differences. We report here on a low-power analytical device
(< 200 W) that is comprised of clusters of sensors for
NO2, Ox, CO and total volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) and that measures supporting parameters such as water vapour and temperature.
This was tested in the field against reference monitors, collecting ambient
air pollution data in Beijing, China. Comparisons were made of NO2
and Ox clustered sensor data against reference methods for
calibrations derived from factory settings, in-field simple linear regression
(SLR) and then against three machine learning (ML) algorithms. The parametric
supervised ML algorithms, boosted regression trees (BRTs) and boosted linear
regression (BLR), and the non-parametric technique, Gaussian process (GP),
used all available sensor data to improve the measurement estimate of
NO2 and Ox. In all cases ML produced an
observational value that was closer to reference measurements than SLR alone.
In combination, sensor clustering and ML generated sensor data of a quality
that was close to that of regulatory measurements (using the RMSE metric) yet
retained a very substantial cost and power advantage.
A climatological interpretation of precipitation-based δ18O across Siberia and Central Asia
Authors: Wang Tao , LI Ting-Yong , Zhang Jian , Wu Yao , Chen Chao-Jun , Huang Ran , Li Jun-Yun , Xiao Si-Ya
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Siberia and Central Asia are located at mid- to high latitudes and encompass a large landlocked area of the Eurasian continent containing vast tracts of permafrost (seasonal permafrost and permafrost), which is extremely sensitive to global climate change. However, previous research has scarcely investigated the changes in the paleoclimate in this region. Similarly, the temporal and spatial distributions of the stable isotopic composition (δ18OP) of precipitation and its corresponding influencing factors remain largely unknown. Therefore, we used data from 15 Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation (GNIP) stations to investigate the relationships between δ18OP and the local temperature and precipitation considering changes in atmospheric circulation. Analyses conducted on the monthly, seasonal and annual timescales led to three main conclusions. (1) At the monthly timescale, the variations in δ18OP exhibited a significant positive correlation with the monthly mean temperature (p
Global Simulation of Semivolatile Organic Compounds – Development and Evaluation of the MESSy Submodel SVOC (v1.0)
Authors: Octaviani Mega , Tost Holger , Lammel Gerhard
Published: February 2019

Abstract. The new submodel SVOC for the Modular Earth Submodel System (MESSy) was developed and applied within the ECHAM5/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) model to simulate the atmospheric cycling and air-surface exchange processes of semivolatile organic pollutants. Our focus is on four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) of largely varying properties. Some new features in input and physics parameterizations of tracers were tested: emission seasonality, the size discretization of particulate-phase tracers, the application of poly-parameter linear free energy relationships in gas-particle partitioning, and re-volatilization from land and sea surfaces. The results indicate that the predicted global distribution of the 3-ring PAH phenanthrene is sensitive to the seasonality of its emissions, followed by the effects from considering re-volatilization from surfaces. The predicted distributions of the 4-ring PAHs ﬂuoranthene and pyrene, and the 5-ring PAH benzo(a)pyrene are found sensitive to the combinations of factors with their synergistic effects being stronger than the direct effects of the individual factors. The model was validated against observations of PAH concentrations and aerosol particulate mass fraction. The annual mean concentrations are simulated to the right order of magnitude for most cases and the model well captures the species and regional variations. However, large underestimation is found in the ocean. It is found that the particulate mass fraction of the benzo(a)pyrene is well simulated whereas those of other species are lower than observed.
Icelandic Snow Cover Characteristics derived from a gap-filled MODIS Daily Snow Cover Product
Authors: Gunnarsson Andri , Garðarsson Sigurður M. , Sveinsson Óli G. B.
Published: February 2019

Abstract. This study presents a spatio-temporal continuous data set for snow cover in Iceland based on the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (Modis) from 2000–2018. Cloud cover and polar darkness are the main limiting factors for data availability of remotely sensed optical data at higher latitudes. In Iceland the average cloud cover is 75 % with some spatial variations and polar darkness reduces data availability from the Modis sensor from late November until mid January. In this study Modis snow cover data were validated over Iceland with comparison to manned in-situ observations, Landsat 7/8 and Sentinel 2 data. Overall a good agreement was found between in-situ observed snow cover with an average agreement of 0.925. Agreement of Landsat 7,8 and Sentinel 2 was found to be acceptable with R2 values 0.96, 0.92 and 0.95, respectively, and in agreement with other studies. By applying daily data merging from Terra and Aqua and temporal aggregation of 7 days, unclassified pixels were reduced from 75 % to 14 %. The remaining unclassified pixels after daily merging and temporal aggregation were removed with classification learners trained with classified data, pixel location, aspect and elevation. Various snow cover characteristic metrics were derived for each pixel such as snow cover duration, first and last snow free date, deviation and dynamics of snow cover and trends during the study period. On average the first snow free date in Iceland is June 27 with a standard deviation of 19.9 days. For the study period a trend of increasing snow cover duration was observed for all months except October and November. However, statistical testing of the trends indicated that there was only a significant trend in June.
Multi-site calibration and validation of SWAT with satellite-based evapotranspiration in a data-sparse catchment in southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Odusanya Abolanle E. , Mehdi Bano , Schürz Christoph , Oke Adebayo O. , Awokola Olufiropo S. , Awomeso Julius A. , Adejuwon Joseph O. , Schulz Karsten
Published: February 2019

Abstract. The main objective of this study was to calibrate and validate the
eco-hydrological model Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) with
satellite-based actual evapotranspiration (AET) data from the Global Land
Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM_v3.0a) and from the Moderate Resolution
Imaging Spectroradiometer Global Evaporation (MOD16) for the Ogun River Basin
(20 292 km2) located in southwestern Nigeria. Three potential
evapotranspiration (PET) equations (Hargreaves, Priestley–Taylor and
Penman–Monteith) were used for the SWAT simulation of AET. The reference
simulations were the three AET variables simulated with SWAT before model
calibration took place. The sequential uncertainty fitting technique (SUFI-2)
was used for the SWAT model sensitivity analysis, calibration, validation and
uncertainty analysis. The GLEAM_v3.0a and MOD16 products were subsequently
used to calibrate the three SWAT-simulated AET variables, thereby obtaining
six calibrations–validations at a monthly timescale. The model performance
for the three SWAT model runs was evaluated for each of the 53 subbasins
against the GLEAM_v3.0a and MOD16 products, which enabled the best model run
with the highest-performing satellite-based AET product to be chosen. A
verification of the simulated AET variable was carried out by (i) comparing
the simulated AET of the calibrated model to GLEAM_v3.0b AET, which is a
product that has different forcing data than the version of GLEAM used for
the calibration, and (ii) assessing the long-term average annual and average
monthly water balances at the outlet of the watershed. Overall, the SWAT
model, composed of the Hargreaves PET equation and calibrated using the
GLEAM_v3.0a data (GS1), performed well for the simulation of AET and
provided a good level of confidence for using the SWAT model as a decision
support tool. The 95 % uncertainty of the SWAT-simulated variable
bracketed most of the satellite-based AET data in each subbasin. A validation
of the simulated soil moisture dynamics for GS1 was carried out using
satellite-retrieved soil moisture data, which revealed good agreement. The
SWAT model (GS1) also captured the seasonal variability of the water balance
components at the outlet of the watershed. This study demonstrated the potential to use remotely sensed
evapotranspiration data for hydrological model calibration and validation in
a sparsely gauged large river basin with reasonable accuracy. The novelty of
the study is the use of these freely available satellite-derived AET
datasets to effectively calibrate and validate an eco-hydrological model for
a data-scarce catchment.
Incorporating the logistic regression into a decision-centric assessment of climate change impacts on a complex river system
Authors: Kim Daeha , Chun Jong Ahn , Choi Si Jung
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Climate change is a global stressor that can undermine water management
policies developed with the assumption of stationary climate. While the
response-surface-based assessments provided a new paradigm for formulating
actionable adaptive solutions, the uncertainty associated with the stress
tests poses challenges. To address the risks of unsatisfactory performances in
a climate domain, this study proposed the incorporation of the logistic regression
into a decision-centric framework. The proposed approach replaces the
“response surfaces” of the performance metrics typically used for the
decision-scaling
framework with the “logistic surfaces” that describes the
risk of system failures against predefined performance thresholds. As a case
study, water supply and environmental reliabilities were assessed within the
eco-engineering decision-scaling framework for a complex river basin in South
Korea. Results showed that human-demand-only operations in the river basin
could result in the water deficiency at a location requiring environmental flows.
To reduce the environmental risks, the stakeholders could accept increasing
risks of unsatisfactory water supply performance at the sub-basins with small
water demands. This study suggests that the logistic surfaces could provide a
computational efficiency to measure system robustness to climatic changes
from multiple perspectives together with the risk information for
decision-making processes.
Data assimilation as a deep learning tool to infer ODE representations of dynamical models
Authors: Bocquet Marc , Brajard Julien , Carrassi Alberto , Bertino Laurent
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Recent progress in machine learning has shown how to forecast and, to some extent, learn the dynamics of a model from its output, resorting in particular to neural networks and deep learning techniques. We will show how the same goal can be directly achieved using data assimilation techniques without leveraging on machine learning software libraries, with a view to high-dimensional models. The dynamics of a model are learned from its observation and an ordinary differential equation (ODE) representation of this model is inferred using a recursive nonlinear regression. Because the method is embedded in a Bayesian data assimilation framework, it can learn from partial and noisy observations of a state trajectory of the physical model. Moreover, a space-wise local representation of the ODE system is introduced and is key to cope with high-dimensional models. It has recently been suggested that neural network architectures could be interpreted as dynamical systems. Reciprocally, we show that our ODE representations are reminiscent of deep learning architectures. Furthermore, numerical analysis considerations on stability shed light on the assets and limitations of the method. The method is illustrated on several chaotic discrete and continuous models of various dimensions, with or without noisy observations, with the goal to identify or improve the model dynamics, build a surrogate or reduced model, or produce forecasts from mere observations of the physical model.
Uncertainties in the spatial distribution of snow sublimation in the semi-arid Andes of Chile
Authors: Réveillet Marion , MacDonell Shelley , Gascoin Simon , Kinnard Christophe , Lhermitte Stef , Schaffer Nicole
Published: February 2019

Abstract. In the semi-arid Andes of Chile, farmers and industry in the cordillera lowlands depend on water from snowmelt, as annual rainfall is insufficient to meet their needs. Despite the importance of snow cover for water resources in this region, understanding of snow depth distribution and snow mass balance is limited. Whilst the effect of wind on snow cover pattern distribution has been assessed, the relative importance of melt versus sublimation has only been studied at the point-scale over one catchment. Analyzing relative ablation rates and evaluating uncertainties are critical for understanding snow depth sensitivity to variations in climate and simulating the evolution of the snow pack over a larger area and over time. Using a distributed snowpack model (SnowModel), this study aims to simulate melt and sublimation rates over the instrumented watershed of La Laguna (3150–5630 m above sea level, 30° S), during two hydrologically contrasted years. The model is calibrated and forced with meteorological data from nine Automatic Weather Stations (AWS) located in the watershed, and atmospheric simulation outputs from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Results of simulations indicate first a large uncertainty in sublimation ratios depending on the forcing. The melt/sublimation ratios increased by 100 % if forced with WRF compared to AWS data due to the cold bias and precipitation over-estimation observed in WRF output in this region. Second, the simulations indicate similar sublimation ratios for both years, but ratios vary with elevation with a relative increase in melt at higher elevations. Finally results indicate that snow persistence has a significant impact on the sublimation ratio due to higher melt rates.
An enhancement to sea ice motion and age products
Authors: Tschudi Mark A. , Meier Walter N. , Stewart J. Scott
Published: February 2019

Abstract. A new version of the sea ice motion and age products distributed at the National Snow and Ice Data Center's NASA Snow and Ice Distributed Active Archive Center has been developed. The new version, 4.0, includes several significant upgrades in processing, corrects known issues with the previous version, and updates the time series through 2018, with regular updates planned for the future. Here, we provide a history of the product development, discuss the improvements to the algorithms that create these products, and compare the Version 4 products to the previous version. While Version 4 algorithm changes were significant, the impact on the products is relatively minor, particularly for more recent years. Trends in motion and age are not substantially different between the versions. Changes in sea ice motion and age derived from the product show a significant shift in the Arctic ice cover, from a pack with a high concentration of older ice, to a sea ice cover dominated by first-year ice, which is more susceptible to summer melt. We also observe an increase in the speed of the ice in recent years, which is anticipated with the annual decrease in sea ice extent.
Pursuing the Horizon of Penal Abolition in Seth Kwame Boateng’s Documentaries
Authors: Asare Abena Ampofoa
Published: February 2019

Two recent documentaries by award-winning journalist Seth Kwame Boateng, Locked and Forgotten (2015) and Left to Rot (2016), have played an important role in recent Ghanaian prison reform efforts. This paper identifies the ways these documentaries extend beyond a reformist agenda and move towards a more radical vision of penal abolition. By creating a dialogue between Boateng’s documentaries and the analyses and frameworks of penal abolitionism, this paper calls for a remapping of global abolitionist discourse to include critiques of ‘criminal justice’ that are articulated in diverse geographical, cultural and rhetorical locations.
The Problems and Promise of International Rights in the Challenge to Māori Imprisonment
Authors: Stanley Elizabeth , Mihaere Riki
Published: February 2019

This article draws upon extensive primary research involving substantive documentary analysis of United Nations (UN) reports and New Zealand (NZ) debates over the last 20 years, and interviews with senior Māori professionals, to consider the role of international human rights standards and processes in the challenge to Māori imprisonment. It shows that over-representation is carefully managed by the NZ state in four ways: (i) a perpetual representation of Māori as the offenders; (ii) the selective endorsement of rights, such that discriminatory criminal justice operations are normalised; (iii) a pervasive human rights ritualism within UN reporting processes; and (iv) the legitimisation of imprisonment and inequalities through the international rights system. Notwithstanding these problems, Māori remain alive to the potential of challenging imprisonment through engagement with international rights frameworks. They indicate the need for a tripartite approach of reforms, decolonising acts and abolitionist strategies in doing so.
Jeff Ferrell (2018) Drift: Illicit Mobility and Uncertain Knowledge. Berkeley: University of California Press
Authors: Vysotsky Stanislav
Published: February 2019

Not applicable
Cover Songs and Tradition: A Case Study of Symphonic Metal
Authors: Hillier Benjamin
Published: February 2019

This paper examines the role of cover songs in the continuation of tradition, and in the formation of a musical canon. It explores the connections between ‘classical’ and heavy metal music as expressed by musicians of said genres, specifically those who partake in both. Furthermore, I argue that the practice of covering works from the Western art music canon in the metal genre, evinces the consequent development of the symphonic metal sub-genre. An embedded investigation attests to Western art music having inspired numerous metal musicians, who have in turn covered said music as a means to show their respect for the tradition. As such, cover versions are essential to continue one tradition in a new direction. Ultimately, these cover versions of classical works liaise classical music and heavy metal, resulting in the formation of the symphonic metal tradition. Covering music also strengthens a musicians’ position as authentic artists by demonstrating their belonging to two rites, and through their work of synthesizing grounds for the fusion of aforementioned rites. This research provides a further basis for examining the same phenomenon in other genres of music that demonstrate inter- and intra-generic links. It also provides a base for research into how rock and metal bands construct their own notions of tradition, canon, and authenticity through the music that they create and adapt.
“Adventure is out there!”: Pastiche and Postmodernism in the Music of Up
Authors: Spiers Bradley
Published: February 2019

Film music scholarship has historically focused its attention between two clear-cut scoring practices; the classical Hollywood score and the popular music score. This study attempts to break that mould by investigating the pluralistic trends found in Michael Giacchino’s film score for the film Up(2009), examining the motivic growth of specific leitmotif, and charting how that musical theme is set in a variety of musical. Unlike the classical Hollywood scoring model that is outlined by writers like Claudia Gorbman and Jeff Smith, these diverse musical settings pass through a plethora of distinct genres and styles—both “highbrow” and “lowbrow”—that have hitherto been unseen in film music history. These musical settings allow Giacchino to imbue specific leitmotifs with connotation of diverse musical histories, styles and traditions. The ultimate result is a binary system of signification, with the leitmotifs introversively signifying themes and characters within the film’s diegesis, while the diverse musical settings extroversively signify sights and sounds in the wider world. By synthesizing diverse musical styles into one musical thread, Giacchino’s film scores illustrate the power of music to draw on well-known musical genres from Western culture to enhance audiences’ narrative understanding. In this way, Giacchino’s work in Up straddles inspiration from both the classical and popular Hollywood score, adopting the diverse timbres, styles and aesthetics of the popular score, while still retaining the consistent use and development of a leitmotif that is found in the classical score. I call this new hybridized scoring practice the “pastiche score.”
“Wir Arme Leut”: Undignified Death and Madness in Berg’s Wozzeck
Authors: Parker Meaghan
Published: February 2019

Images in Western art of the tragic hero meeting his end typically conjure Romantic topics of honour, stoicism, and transcendence, yet it is questionable whether these projections of artistic death translate to the lived experiences of the dying. The titular protagonist of Alban Berg’s 1922 opera, Wozzeck, experiences death in a way that starkly contrasts Romantic ideals. Wozzeck does not die the honourable, ‘masculine’ death that might be expected from a tragic hero; rather, he capitulates to madness, misery, and poverty. Spurned by those who socially outrank him, Wozzeck is condemned to a shameful death, his fate sealed by his destitution and the sanctimonious prejudice against his ‘immoral’ life. These considerations provide a fascinating starting point for an examination of Berg’s poignant representation of Wozzeck’s death — a death that reflects early twentieth century attitudes that shaped and stigmatized the death experience. In this article I will frame my discussion of Wozzeck by considering the history of death in Western society, particularly the stigmas surrounding the gender and class of the dying individual. This history will inform my analysis of the symbolism in Berg’s music. Detailed analysis of Wozzeck sheds a critical light on the social stigma and class structure mapped onto the suffering, madness, and death of Wozzeck and his lover Marie.
Emmanuel Chabrier de Francis Poulenc
Authors: Duguay Michèle
Published: February 2019

La correspondance de Francis Poulenc, ses entretiens avec Claude Rostand et tout particulièrement la biographie publiée en 1961, Emmanuel Chabrier, révèlent la grande admiration que Poulenc vouait à ce compositeur. Pour Nicholas Southon, cet unique ouvrage de Poulenc représente l'aboutissement d'un projet d'écriture planifié depuis longtemps. Il est vrai que le livre de Poulenc témoigne de l'appréciation profonde que son auteur portait à Chabrier, pourtant il est possible de considérer que d'autres motivations ont également animé l'écriture de cet ouvrage. Certains de ses aspects peuvent être vus comme un effort conscient de la part de Poulenc pour se créer une place dans la même tradition musicale française que Chabrier. Premièrement, Poulenc emploie un ton informel et familier, et fournit des explications détaillées sur l'interprétation de pièces de Chabrier, se donnant ainsi une autorité sur le sujet. Il minimise également l'influence de compositeurs étrangers tels que Wagner sur Chabrier, accentuant plutôt son appartenance aux traditions francaises ainsi que son influence sur la génération de Poulenc lui-même. Finalement, Poulenc crée plusieurs parallèles entre sa propre vie et celle de Chabrier. Ce faisant, il est parvenu à contrôler le discours biographique l'entourant: plusieurs des premiers biographes de Poulenc, comme Henri Hell, reprennent presque exactement ses propos en le plaçant automatiquement dans la même lignée de compositeurs français que Chabrier.
Lachrimae, or Seaven Teares by John Dowland: Tears of Lost Innocence
Authors: Shaw Rebecca
Published: February 2019

Perhaps the best known English lutenist of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, John Dowland (1563? – 1626) wrote numerous pieces for the lute, as a solo and ensemble instrument, including Lachrimae, or Seaven Teares figvred in Seaven Passionate Pavans. Written in 1604, this piece was his final exploration of the popular melody that he had previously used in the lute pavan, “Lachrimae” (1596), and the lute song, “Flow my teares” (1600). Seaven Teares, for five viols and lute, is a series of seven variations whose provocative Latin titles, like Lachrimae Gementes and Lachrimae Verae, have caused some scholars to speculate that the music symbolizes either Elizabethan melancholy or the Fall of Man. However, as seventeenth-century scholarship suggests, the Elizabethan concept of melancholy was intrinsically connected to their perception of the Fall, and a close examination of Dowland’s Seaven Teares corroborates their relationship.
Sounds of Australia: Aboriginal Popular Music, Identity, and Place
Authors: Jun Wu James
Published: February 2019

During the late twentieth century, Australia started to recognize the rights of the Aboriginal people. Indigenous claims for self-determination revolved around struggles to maintain a distinct cultural identity in strategies to own and govern traditional lands within the wider political system. While these fundamental challenges pervaded indigenous affairs, contemporary popular music by Aboriginal artists became increasingly important as a means of mediating viewpoints and agendas of the Australian national consciousness. It provided an artistic platform for indigenous performers to express a concerted resistance to colonial influences and sovereignty. As such, this study aims to examine the meaning and significance of musical recordings that reflect Aboriginal identity and place in a popular culture. It adopts an ethnomusicological approach in which music is explored not only in terms of its content, but also in terms of its social, economic, and political contexts. This paper is organized into three case studies of different Aboriginal rock groups: Bleckbala Mujik, Warumpi Band, and Yothu Yindi. Through these studies, the prevalent use of Aboriginal popular music is discerned as an accessible and compelling mechanism to elicit public awareness about the contemporary indigenous struggles through negotiations of power and representations of place.
Socratic Dialogue as a Framework for Understanding Activist Music during the Ebola Outbreak in Liberia
Authors: Slaney Evan
Published: February 2019

This paper argues that Plato’s Socratic Dialogues can effectively model the process through which musical activism is understood by listeners. The Socratic Dialogues, as an abstract model, are first analyzed for advantages and disadvantages when using them to understand musical activism. This analysis breaks the dialogues into two stages: “Deconstruction” and “Collaboration.” The model is then applied to the song “Ebola is Real” by F. A., Soul Fresh, and DenG, a work that arose from the outbreak of Ebola virus disease in Liberia in March 2014. The song was supported by UNICEF and has a clear activist agenda. The song structure, lyrics and commentary on the song are examined with the Socratic Dialogues in mind. The paper concludes that Plato’s Socratic Dialogues offer a clear model for understanding the complex processes and relationships at work in musical activism.
Addressing the Livelihood of Non-Resettlers in Dam-Induced “Detached” Areas: The Case of the Shichikashuku Dam
Authors: Nakayama Mikiyasu , Fujikura Ryo
Published: February 2019

Most dam construction projects inevitably lead to the creation of involuntary resettlers due to inundation of their lands and houses by reservoirs. How resettlers should be dealt with or “compensated” has long been discussed. The report published by the World Dam Commission was one of the major milestones on this issue. However, attention should also be given to the fact that non-resettlers who are obliged to stay in the project area after completion of a dam also suffer from dam construction. Even though their assets are not submerged, if their land is “detached” from the downstream area by a reservoir, they tend to become worse off socially and even financially. Improvement of infrastructure, in particular having roads to the downstream area, is essential to minimize the impacts on those who are “detached.” Compensating for the lost assets of the resettlers alone may not be sufficient to prevent the people in the project area of a dam construction from becoming worse off.