bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EPISTEMOLOGIES OF VIOLENCE: MEDIEVAL JAPANESE WAR TALES
Authors: OXENBØLL MORTEN
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT

Although violence is one of the most primitive means of communication, appropriate aggression is nevertheless something that needs to be learned. But even though scholars of various disciplines agree that violence is deeply embedded in cultural structures, there has been a remarkable lack in scholarship on how the conscious differentiation between appropriate and inappropriate violence is learned through mediated representations of violence. By applying media theories and works on social learning to premodern Japanese material, I argue that mediated violence can create a “safe space” where different forms of violence can be experienced without the physical consequences of real violence. Mediated violence thus serves crucial functions as learning spaces where societal rules and norms can be temporarily suspended, reconfigured, and often reinforced through active experimentation without the danger of bodily harm. Brutal and graphic depictions of violence thus go beyond mere entertainment. By aestheticizing and staging good and bad violence, mediated violence invites its audiences to reflect on and learn from violent episodes. Violent representations reduce the complexities of real‐world conflicts, thereby facilitating a process where audiences can make sense of—and create order out of—chaos. Through the use of epistemological theories, I argue that such simplifications are necessary for human cognitive systems to be able to relate to and learn from violence, and that this learning process takes place within a social and collaborative context.
Population‐based incidence and melanoma‐specific survival of cutaneous malignant melanoma in a Colombian population 2000–2009
Authors: Reyes Evy , Uribe Claudia , de Vries Esther
Published: December 2017

Background

Demographic, clinical, and morphological characteristics of cutaneous melanoma are unknown for the Colombian population. We aim to provide these characteristics as well as population‐based incidence and survival data.

Methods

All patients with an invasive cutaneous melanoma diagnosed in the period 2000–2009 registered in the population‐based cancer registry of the metropolitan area of Bucaramanga were included for analysis (n = 169). Age‐standardized incidence rates were calculated and melanoma‐specific and overall survival estimated with follow‐up until June 9, 2016, using Kaplan–Meier methodology, stratifying for gender, anatomical localization, and type of affiliation to the social security system.

Results

The age‐standardized melanoma incidence rate was 1.7 per 100,000, with lower limbs being the most affected body sites (42.6% of all melanomas). A high proportion of melanomas presented on the plants or palms (16%) and under the nails (7.1%); at least 24.3% of melanomas were ulcerated, and 21.1% had a Breslow thickness more than 2 mm. Melanoma‐specific 5‐year survival was 79.3%, with worst survival for melanomas localized on the plants (64.6%) and subungual areas (55.6%). Affiliation to the subsidized type of affiliation to the social security system was statistically significantly (P = 0.003) associated with poorer survival (68.8%) compared to the special regimes (95.8%).

Conclusions

Melanoma is a relatively rare cancer in Colombia with mainly the acral sites, high proportion of thick and ulcerated melanomas, and relatively poor survival being distinct features, indicating the need for tailor‐made primary and secondary prevention strategies. Better training of pathologists in the difficult field of melanoma would improve precision of available data.
Do individuals with intellectual disability have a lower peak heart rate and maximal oxygen uptake?
Authors: Hilgenkamp Thessa Irena Maria , Baynard Tracy
Published: December 2017

Background

Individuals with intellectual disability (ID) have very low physical activity and low peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), potentially explained by physiologically lower peak heart rates (HRpeak).

Method

The present authors performed a retrospective analysis of a large data set of individuals with intellectual disability (n = 100), with Down syndrome (DS) (n = 48) and without intellectual disability (n = 224) using multiple linear regression analyses, to determine if individuals with intellectual disability exhibit lower HRpeak and VO2peak than individuals without intellectual disability, controlling for age, sex and body mass index (BMI).

Results

Individuals with intellectual disability on average have significantly lower HRpeak and VO2peak than individuals without intellectual disability, even when controlling VO2peak for the lower HRpeak.

Conclusions

This study suggests potential physiological differences in individuals with intellectual disability and warrants further investigation to determine their relevance to physical activity promotion and exercise testing in individuals with intellectual disability.
Co‐research with adults with intellectual disability: A systematic review
Authors: Di Lorito Claudio , Bosco Alessandro , Birt Linda , Hassiotis Angela
Published: December 2017

Background

Co‐research with people with intellectual disability is a distinct form of patient and public involvement (PPI). This systematic review summarize published studies and protocols to report on the process of co‐research in social and healthcare research.

Method

Relevant studies were identified using electronic searches on ASSIA, PsycInfo and MedLine. Study quality was assessed, and information relevant to the process of working with co‐researchers was extracted and thematically analysed.

Results

Thirteen studies were retrieved. Data are reported under three themes: (i) challenges of co‐research; (ii) facilitators of co‐research; (iii) benefits of co‐research. Best practice is presented as a model of co‐research. Content analysis on 12 research protocols identified four themes related to PPI.

Conclusions

All stakeholders involved in co‐research with people with intellectual disability can benefit, providing there is adequate infrastructure to accommodate and empower the co‐researchers. Many current intellectual disability research projects still lack systematic involvement of PPI members.
A Means to an End or an End in Itself? EU Roma Policy, Human Rights and the Economic Investment Myth
Authors: Iusmen Ingi
Published: December 2017

The Roma face a dire socio‐economic situation and structural discrimination across Europe. To address the challenges experienced by this community, the EU adopted a specific EU Roma policy – the ‘EU Framework for National Roma Integration Strategies’ (2011) – which, together with EU funds, supports Member States with integration of the Roma at the national level. This article argues that the economic framing of the EU Roma policy is underpinned by an economic investment myth: namely, that the EU can only address rights violations as ameansto achieving the EU's economicends. It is shown that this myth undermines the EU's legal and constitutional human rights commitments post‐Lisbon, according to which the EU has now the legal capability – but lacks the political will – to tackle rights violations such as discrimination in a manner that is not linked to the functioning of the common market.
Comparing the characteristics and outcomes of parent‐ and teacher‐reported oppositional defiant disorder: findings from a national sample
Authors: McNeilis James , Maughan Barbara , Goodman Robert , Rowe Richard
Published: December 2017

Background

Parents and teachers often disagree on the presence of Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) in children. It has been argued that ODD should be treated as an informant‐specific disorder. This study compared the characteristics of children identified with ODD by parent‐ and teacher report.

Methods

We used the 1999 British Child and Adolescent Mental Health Survey, including more than 10,000 observations aged 5–15 years, to investigate symptom profiles, risk factors, comorbidities and three‐year outcomes of parent‐ and teacher‐reported ODD.

Results

Parents and teachers poorly agreed on ODD diagnosis. Parent‐reported ODD was more strongly associated with a concurrent anxiety disorder at time1 and a successive diagnosis of ODD at time2. Beyond these differences, parent‐ and teacher‐ reported ODD showed similar symptom profiles, risk factors, comorbidities, and outcomes.

Conclusions

Children identified by parent report and teacher report share more similarities than differences in the characteristics of their disorder. This does not support the formation of informant‐specific ODD disorders.
Egg viability decreases rapidly with time since ovulation in the rainbow darter Etheostoma caeruleum: implications for the costs of choosiness
Authors: Moran R. L. , Soukup R. M. , Zhou M. , Fuller R. C.
Published: December 2017

Egg viability in the rainbow darter Etheostoma caeruleum, a fish apparently lacking female mate choice, was found to decline rapidly after ovulation. It was observed that the majority of a female's clutch may fail to hatch if she is prevented from mating for as little as 6 h. These data suggest that exercising female mate preferences may be selectively disfavoured in E. caeruleum due to the high cost of delaying mating.
Identification of risk factors for neoplastic colonic polyps in young adults with bloody stool in comparison with those without symptom
Authors: Chen Kuan‐Chih , Chung Chen‐Shuan , Hsu Wei‐Fan , Huang Tien‐Yu , Lin Cheng‐Kuan , Lee Tzong‐Hsi , Weng Meng‐Tzu , Chiu Cheng‐Ming , Chang Li‐Chun , Chiu Han‐Mo
Published: December 2017

Background and Aims

The incidence and disease burden of colorectal cancer (CRC) in young adults were increasing. However, there was a dearth of advice on how to identify young population at risk for neoplastic colonic polyps (NCPs) and CRC. We aimed to identify risk factors for NCPs and CRC in young adults presenting with bloody stool.

Methods

A total of 1496 subjects younger than 40 years old who underwent colonoscopy due to bloody stool from 2005 to 2014 were enrolled in this retrospective study as the study group, and 1481 age‐matched and gender‐matched asymptomatic subjects who underwent colonoscopy for health checkup from 2011 to 2016 were enrolled as the control group at a tertiary center hospital.

Results

Multivariate analysis results showed that increasing age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07–1.15, P < 0.001), higher body mass index (BMI) (OR = 1.07, 95%CI: 1.03–1.12, P = 0.001), diabetes mellitus (OR = 2.80, 95%CI: 1.06–7.42, P = 0.038), and positive family history of CRC (OR = 13.28, 95%CI: 5.70–30.97, P < 0.001) were identified as independent risk factors for NCPs in study group. The best cut‐off values by receiver operating characteristic curve for age and BMI were 32 years old and 24.8 kg/m2, respectively. More risk factors were associated with the higher risk for NCPs (OR = 2.17 every increasing one risk factor, P < 0.001). In the control group, no independent risk factors were identified.

Conclusions

Adults aged ≤ 40 years with bloody stool who had increasing age (> 32 years old), higher BMI (> 24.8 kg/m2), diabetes mellitus, and positive family history of CRC had a higher detection rate of NCPs and CRC.
Symptoms Reported by Frail Elderly Adults Independently Predict 30‐Day Hospital Readmission or Emergency Department Care
Authors: Borkenhagen Lynn S. , McCoy Rozalina G. , Havyer Rachel D. , Peterson Stephanie M. , Naessens James M. , Takahashi Paul Y.
Published: December 2017

Objectives

To assess the degree to which self‐reported symptoms predict unplanned readmission or emergency department (ED) care within 30 days of high‐risk, elderly adults enrolled in a posthospitalization care transition program (CTP).

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Posthospitalization CTP at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, from January 1, 2013, through March 3, 2015.

Participants

Frail, elderly adults (N = 230; mean age 83.5 ± 8.3, 46.5% male).

Measurements

Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and self‐reported symptoms, measured using the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS), were ascertained upon CTP enrollment.

Results

Mean CCI was 3.9 ± 2.3. Of 51 participants returning to the hospital within 30 days of discharge, 13 had ED visits, and 38 were readmitted. Age, sex, and CCI were not significantly different between returning and nonreturning participants, but returning participants were significantly more likely to report shortness of breath (P = .004), anxiety (P = .02), depression (P = .02), and drowsiness (P = .01). Overall ESAS score was also a significant predictor of hospital return (P = .01).

Conclusion

Four self‐reported symptoms and overall ESAS score, but not CCI, ascertained after hospital discharge were strong predictors of hospital return within 30 days. Including symptoms in risk stratification of high‐risk elderly adults may help target interventions and reduce readmissions.
Methodology for the Construction of Global Multi‐Regional Hybrid Supply and Use Tables for the EXIOBASE v3 Database
Authors: Merciai Stefano , Schmidt Jannick
Published: December 2017

This article describes the algorithm that has been developed within the European Union (EU) FP7 project DESIRE for the construction of the EXIOBASE multiregional hybrid supply and use tables (MR‐HSUTs) version 3. The tables include 43 countries plus five rest‐of‐the‐world regions and are built for the period 2000–2011. MR‐HSUTs are compiled in mixed units, that is, tangible goods in mass units, intangible energy flows in terajoules, and, finally, services in euros. The article summarizes the various steps of the developed procedure, from data collection until the final supply and use tables. It will be shown how several disconnected data sets with varying quality are harmonized so as to build an effective analytical database that can be used for several types of analyses, such as life cycle assessment, total material requirement, material intensity per product service, carbon footprint, and so on.
Square‐Root LASSO for High‐Dimensional Sparse Linear Systems with Weakly Dependent Errors
Authors: Xie Fang , Xiao Zhijie
Published: December 2017

We study the square‐root LASSO method for high‐dimensional sparse linear models with weakly dependent errors. The asymptotic and non‐asymptotic bounds for the estimation errors are derived. Our results cover a wide range of weakly dependent errors, includingα‐mixing,ρ‐mixing,ϕ‐mixing, andm‐dependent types. Numerical simulations are conducted to show the consistency property of square‐root LASSO. An empirical application to financial data highlights the importance of the results and method.
Mutations of the glycine cleavage system genes possibly affect the negative symptoms of schizophrenia through metabolomic profile changes
Authors: Yoshikawa Akane , Nishimura Fumichika , Inai Aya , Eriguchi Yosuke , Nishioka Masaki , Takaya Atsuhiko , Tochigi Mamoru , Kawamura Yoshiya , Umekage Tadashi , Kato Kayoko , Sasaki Tsukasa , Ohashi Yoshiaki , Iwamoto Kazuya , Kasai Kiyoto , Kakiuchi Chihiro
Published: December 2017

Aim

Hypofunction of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptors (NMDAR) may contribute to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (SCZ). Recently, the glycine cleavage system (GCS) was shown to affect NMDAR function in the brain. GCS functional defects cause nonketotic hyperglycinemia, the atypical phenotype of which presents psychiatric symptoms similar to SCZ. Here, we examined the involvement of GCS in SCZ.

Methods

First, to identify the rare variants and the exonic deletions, we resequenced all the coding exons and the splice sites of four GCS genes (GLDC, AMT, GCSH, and DLD) in 474 patients with SCZ and 475 controls and performed multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification analysis in SCZ. Next, we performed metabolome analysis using plasma of patients harboring GCS variants (n = 5) and controls (n = 5) by capillary electrophoresis time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. The correlation between plasma metabolites and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale score was further examined.

Results

Possibly damaging variants were observed in SCZ: A203V, S801N in GLDC, near the atypical nonketotic hyperglycinemia causative mutations (A202V, A802V); G825D in GLDC, a potential neural tube defect causative mutation; and R253X in AMT. Marked elevation of plasma 5‐oxoproline (pyroglutamic acid), aspartate, and glutamate, which might affect NMDAR function, was observed in patients harboring GCS variants. The aspartate level inversely correlated with negative symptoms (r = −0.942, P = 0.0166).

Conclusion

These results suggest that GCS rare variants possibly contribute to the pathophysiology of SCZ by affecting the negative symptoms through elevation of aspartate.
Poetry, anatomy, presence
Authors: Craik Katharine A.
Published: December 2017

In his Defence of Poesie Philip Sidney borrowed the vocabulary of anatomization to remark of poetry that ‘all his kinds are not only in their united forms but in their severed dissections fully commendable’, analysing the features of verse as though he were considering a man's ‘parts, kinds, or species’. It is argued here that printed anatomies proved useful to early modern literary theorists not because they recognised how poetry's diverse parts added up to a systematic and relational whole, but rather because they provided a rich spatial vocabulary, encompassing height and depth, to describe afresh the experience of being immersed in a poem. Printed anatomies were experimenting at this time with how best to realise three‐dimensional structures on flat pieces of paper in order to capture life‐like human presence. When the printed book closely approximates the occasion of the anatomy itself, the anatomical subject comes surprisingly and vividly alive. Early modern poets were devoting themselves with increasing commitment in the 1590s and early 1600s to theorizing this same illusion: that poetry can step out of the confines of print and paper, and into the world.
Fracking Fortunes: Economic Well‐being and Oil and Gas Development along the Urban‐Rural Continuum
Authors: Mayer Adam , Olson‐Hazboun Shawn K. , Malin Stephanie
Published: December 2017

Oil and gas extraction, especially via unconventional means like hydraulic fracturing, is hailed as an economic boon by many commentators and political leaders. However, empirical evidence is limited. In this article, we consider the socioeconomic effects (particularly, related to poverty, employment, income, and wages) of unconventional oil and gas extraction using a national data set of U.S. counties. We use a novel between‐ and within‐county random effects modeling strategy to capture both resource curse and boomtown dynamics. Further, we allow the effect of oil and gas development to be conditioned by county rurality. Broadly, our findings suggest that oil and gas development has very complex effects at the county level. Within‐county growth in oil and gas production slightly improves most economic outcomes, but counties that specialize in oil and gas development tend to perform worse than other counties. We find that, in general, the effect of within‐county oil and gas production is not significantly moderated by county rurality.
A survey of the blood supply in China during 2012–2014
Authors: Liang X. H. , Zhou S. H. , Fan Y. X. , Meng Q. L. , Zhang Z. Y. , Gao Y. , Li Y. J. , Liu Z.
Published: December 2017

Objectives

The aim of this study was to identify the status of the blood supply in China during 2012–2014.

Background

China is a middle‐income country, which contains more than 20% of the world population. Increasing the blood supply in China, along with increased healthcare coverage, involves many challenges.

Methods

A survey questionnaire regarding blood centre activities was sent to all of the blood centres in 32 provinces via the Internet. The data were collected from the responses and analysed using Microsoft Excel 2013.

Results

The total supply of whole blood and red blood cells (RBCs) in 2012 was 18 644 700 units; in 2013, 18 985 800 units; and in 2014, 19 658 800 units. A similar trend of the total platelet supply was also observed during the same period of 2012–2014, as follows: 1 019 100 units in 2012, 1 168 400 units in 2013 and 1 276 200 units in 2014. Similarly, the plasma supply was 27 529 300 units in 2012 and 27 657 600 units in 2013, which rose to 28 307 500 units in 2014. The total cryoprecipitate supply was 1 653 900, 1 891 300 and 2 366 500 units in 2012, 2013 and 2014, respectively. When the blood supply was analysed according to the geographic regional population, large differences in the rates of blood supply between regions were evident.

Conclusions

The blood product supply in China is steadily increasing. Blood centres in China continue to face challenges regarding their ability to provide a sufficient blood supply in the future.
Causes of iron overload in blood donors – a clinical study
Authors: Laursen A. H. , Bjerrum O. W. , Friis‐Hansen L. , Hansen T. O. , Marott J. L. , Magnussen K.
Published: December 2017

Background and Objectives

Despite the obligate iron loss from blood donation, some donors present with hyperferritinaemia that can result from a wide range of acute and chronic conditions including hereditary haemochromatosis (HH). The objective of our study was to investigate the causes of hyperferritinaemia in the blood donor population and explore the value of extensive HH mutational analyses.

Materials and Methods

Forty‐nine consecutive donors (f = 6, m = 43) were included prospectively from the Capital Regional Blood Center. Inclusion criteria were a single ferritin value >1000 μg/l or repeated hyperferritinaemia with at least one value >500 μg/l. All donors were questioned about their medical history and underwent a physical examination, biochemical investigations and next‐generation sequencing of HH‐related genes, including the HFE gene, the haemojuvelin gene (HFE2/HJV), the hepcidin gene (HAMP), the ferroportin 1 gene (SLC40A1) and the transferrin receptor 2 gene (TFR2).

Results

Forty of 49 donors were mutation positive with a combined 69 mutations, 54 of which were located in the HFE gene. There were 11 mutations in the TFR2 gene, two mutations in the HFE2 gene and two mutations in the HAMP gene. Only four donors had apparent alternative causes of hyperferritinaemia.

Conclusion

HH‐related mutations were the most frequent cause of hyperferritinaemia in a Danish blood donor population, and it appears that several different HH‐genotypes can contribute to hyperferritinaemia. HH screening in blood donors with high ferritin levels could be warranted. HH‐related iron overload should not in itself result in donor ineligibility.
Comparación a través del picking en tienda de dos alternativas de entrega en un entorno de servicio a domicilio en supermercados. Área temática: logística en ciudad
Authors: Otero-Caicedo Ricardo , Bolívar Stevenson , Rincón-García Nicolás
Published: December 2017

En Colombia, el comercio electrónico está aumentando considerablemente según cifras de la Cámara Colombiana de Comercio Electrónico, CCCE. En este mercado, las grandes superficies como Jumbo, La 14, Almacenes Éxito y Carulla, entre otras, participan por medio del servicio de entregas a domicilio (Home delivery). Este servicio se compone de 3 etapas principales, que comienzan con la recepción de la orden, continúan con la recolección en el almacén de los productos que componen la orden (order picking) y finalizan con la entrega al cliente (delivery). La eficiencia en los procesos logísticos es esencial para garantizar la rentabilidad de los supermercados en este segmento. En particular, la etapa de order picking es fundamental, ya que representa cerca de la mitad de los costos de bodega. Enmarcado en el proceso picking en tienda, en este documento se presenta y analiza la comparación de dos alternativas de entrega de productos: i) durante el mismo día, ii) en el día siguiente. En el primer caso, los pedidos se despachan a medida que van llegando, siguiendo el criterio FIFO (first in first out) para la asignación de cada orden a cada operario. En el segundo caso, las órdenes se acumulan y se despachan al día siguiente, lo que permite agrupar las órdenes en lotes (batching) y asignar a cada operario uno o varios lotes para realizar el picking. Estas dos alternativas se compararon utilizando simulación por eventos discretos. Los resultados indicaron que sostener al cliente la promesa de entrega durante el mismo día de colocación del pedido, incrementa los costos operacionales de picking en 450% en

promedio.
Motivación de la labor docente: un estudio de caso de dos programas de contaduría pública en Bogotá
Authors: Camargo-Mayorga David Andrés
Published: December 2017

El presente artículo tiene como propósito identificar las motivaciones de los docentes de tiempo completo de dos programas de contaduría pública en Bogotá, en el logro de los objetivos académicos, y toma para el análisis la propuesta motivacional de Frederick Herzberg, Bernard
Mausner y Barbara Bloch Snyderman (1959), la cual postula unos factores higiénicos y unos motivadores que influyen en el trabajo; en este caso, en la labor del docente y en su práctica pedagógica. La metodología planteada para el presente trabajo es un estudio de caso cuyo enfoque es hermenéutico e interpretativo; se propone que la investigación tiene un alcance exploratorio pues los procesos de
motivación respecto de la pedagogía, específicamente en la práctica de los docentes, son un tema poco abordado. Se identificó que los factores que conforman la motivación de los docentes de ambos programas de Contaduría Pública son diferentes; sin embargo, hay coincidencias. Además, se encontró que algunos de los docentes se sienten motivados,
a pesar de estar insatisfechos.
Sistemas de gestión de costos en las cooperativas de ahorro y crédito de Barranquilla
Authors: Otálora-Beltrán Jorge Enrique , Borda-Viloria Jorge Carlos , Escobar-Castillo Adalberto Enrique
Published: December 2017

El objetivo del presente artículo es la identificación de los sistemas de gestión de costos tradicionales utilizados en las cooperativas de ahorro y crédito de Barranquilla y sus diferentes problemas al momento de cimentar el proceso de toma de decisiones financieras por parte de los agentes encargados de hacerlo, que recurren a la metodología ABC como una opción eficiente para fundamentar este proceso en este tipo de organizaciones. Con esta finalidad, se estableció una investigación cuantitativa de alcance descriptivo, utilizando como instrumento de recolección de información primaria una encuesta tipo Likert, aplicada a las instituciones antes mencionadas, las cuales fueron seleccionadas mediante el muestreo probabilístico aleatorio simple. Los resultados demuestran que las cooperativas que ejecutan actividades financieras en Barranquilla suelen utilizar sistemas de costos tradicionales de bases históricas y estimadas que presentan un alto grado de dificultad al momento de cimentar la toma de decisiones, motivo por el cual los funcionarios encargados de procesar y revelar la información contable consideran que las técnicas y métodos característicos del sistema de costos ABC facilitan una adecuada asignación de los costos indirectos de fabricación, CIF, y consecuentemente propician un proceso de toma de decisiones con un alto grado de eficiencia.
Karl H. Brunner y Medellín: la ciudad nueva*
Authors: Cuervo Calle Juan José
Published: December 2017

Este texto tiene como objetivo el indagar en la participación del urbanista Karl Brunner en la ciudad de Medellín durante sus visitas de 1937 como técnico asesor para la Universidad Católica Bolivariana (UCB), con el fin de diseñar un anteproyecto para la ciudad universitaria y de 1940 para dictar una conferencia sobre Medellín Futuro, con el propósito de realizar un Plano Regulador que normalizara el crecimiento anárquico de la ciudad. Con la revisión del material de archivo y documental de la época se evidencia el enorme impacto que tuvo su participación indirecta como urbanista en el ámbito académico y profesional del momento, en el cual, muchas ciudades latinoamericanas requirieron de un conocimiento especializado.
Derechos humanos y pensamiento de izquierda en Colombia (1974-1978): una relectura del “libro negro de la represión”
Authors: González Jácome Jorge
Published: December 2017

Este artículo de investigación forma parte de un proyecto más amplio sobre la historia intelectual de los derechos humanos en Colombia entre 1974 y 1998. Este texto es una interpretación preliminar sobre la relación entre la izquierda colombiana y las ideas de los derechos humanos entre 1974 y 1978. Las preguntas que estructuran este escrito son: ¿cómo se relacionó la izquierda colombiana con las ideas de derechos humanos en el período señalado, teniendo en cuenta su desconfianza arraigada con la legalidad liberal? ¿Por qué fue posible que algunos grupos desde este lugar del espectro político acogieran el lenguaje de los derechos humanos? La hipótesis es que la izquierda entendió la defensa de los derechos humanos como una actividad de denuncia de la violencia de un estado burgués. Al denunciar la violencia sistemática y generalizada, tenía la intención de crear una conciencia de “clase popular” víctima de la violencia estatal. Para sustentar esta hipótesis, me centro fundamentalmente en el contexto que rodeó la publicación y la recepción de uno de los primeros informes de derechos humanos: El libro negro de la represión, escrito por el Comité de Solidaridad con los Presos Políticos, CSPP. En suma, este artículo es una interpretación de ese informe a partir de la tensión entre legalidad burguesa y proyecto revolucionario propio del pensamiento de izquierda.
El alcance de los principios generales del estatuto del consumidor colombiano
Authors: Pico Zúñiga Fernando Andrés
Published: December 2017

El Estatuto del Consumidor colombiano —Ley 1480 de 2011— plantea todavía grandes retos e inquietudes conceptuales y prácticas, frente a las cuales autores y jurisprudencia deben ofrecer soluciones que permitan una mejor comprensión del sistema. En ese contexto, y como elemento esencial para ese fin, es fundamental analizar el alcance y significado que tienen los principios del Estatuto del Consumidor que operan como herramientas ilustradoras, interpretativas e integradoras del ordenamiento de consumo. Así, el presente documento se propone estudiar la extensión y las implicaciones de los principios establecidos en el artículo 1 de la Ley 1480 de 2011, para concluir que, además de compartir la funcionalidad común que le han sido atribuidas a todos los principios de Derecho, los principios de protección al usuario se instituyen como una de las piedras angulares de lo que se viene reconociendo como Derecho del Consumo en Colombia.
Balance de los 25 años de la Constitución colombiana de 1991: la Constitución de dioses y la de hombres
Authors: Botero-Bernal Andrés
Published: December 2017

Este trabajo explora los primeros 25 años de la Constitución colombiana de 1991. Señala el optimismo desmesurado con que se recibió la Constitución por parte del pueblo y de la academia en general. Sin embargo, con el paso de los años, la Constitución, si bien logró modificar significativamente la realidad política colombiana, fue perdiendo su encanto entre otras razones porque no pudo cumplir las altas expectativas que generó, por las continuas reformas que la clase política hizo en ella hasta desbaratar el modelo original y por la forma en que el régimen político logró adaptarse al nuevo sistema constitucional por lo que bien podría decirse que “todo cambió para seguir igual”. Además, se expone el riesgo que implica una democracia judicialista para el régimen político colombiano. Finalmente, se invita a no caer en ninguno de los extremos (el nihilismo, de un lado, y la ingenuidad, del otro), por lo que se sugiere un escepticismo crítico ante lo que hoy se presenta como la Constitución vigente y ante su futuro inmediato, en épocas de posconflicto.
La Corte Suprema de Justicia y la defensa de la propiedad privada bajo el Estado de sitio en tiempos de la constitución de 1886
Authors: Cajas-Sarria Mario Alberto
Published: December 2017

Este artículo de investigación examina dos sentencias de la Corte Suprema de Justicia de Colombia, como juez constitucional, bajo la Constitución Nacional de 1886, que defendieron el derecho a la propiedad privada frente a expropiaciones ordenadas por decretos de estado de sitio dictados por el presidente de la república, aun cuando en ambos fallos la corporación evitó pronunciarse sobre los límites del poder Ejecutivo bajo el estado de excepción. Así, a través de una historia política del control constitucional se pone en evidencia el comportamiento estratégico de la Corte Suprema en dos momentos determinados: el primero en su etapa inaugural como juez constitucional en 1912 y el segundo, bajo el régimen militar del general Gustavo Rojas Pinilla en 1954. Estos dos fallos sirven para mostrar el rol político de la Corte Suprema de Justicia, y la interdependencia entre la política y el derecho en la construcción de la defensa judicial de la Constitución en Colombia.
Medio ambiente y acciones populares en Colombia: un estudio empírico
Authors: Páez-Murcia Ángela María , Lamprea-Montealegre Everaldo , Vallejo-Piedrahita Catalina
Published: December 2017

Este artículo presenta los resultados de un estudio empírico que sistematizó las acciones populares falladas por el Consejo de Estado colombiano durante un
período de 17 años (1998-2015). Los autores utilizaron metodologías de análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo para sistematizar más de 250 fallos de acciones populares decididas por el Consejo de Estado. Los resultados presentados en este artículo muestran las tendencias más importantes del litigio de acciones populares ambientales en Colombia: tipos de demandantes y demandados; tipo de recursos medioambientales protegidos; tasas de éxito de los demandantes; regiones y ciudades más litigiosas; efectos generales del incentivo económico en el tipo de litigio, entre otras variables. Los resultados de este estudio también muestran que el incentivo económico para las acciones populares no estaba favoreciendo los intereses de litigantes temerarios, como lo sostuvo el gobierno nacional cuando propuso al Congreso una reforma a las acciones populares, que se concretó en la Ley 1425 de 2010. Finalmente, se sugiere que la eliminación del incentivo económico de las acciones populares puede tener un efecto negativo sobre el litigio de interés público.
El significado ambivalente del reconocimiento del derecho a la especial protección en Colombia
Authors: Peláez-Grisales Holmedo
Published: December 2017

Este artículo analiza de manera crítica el significado de la categoría jurídica del derecho a la especial protección en el ordenamiento jurídico colombiano y su relación con las teorías de reconocimiento. En un primer momento, sostiene que esta categoría tiene un significado positivo y negativo que obliga a entenderla como una herramienta política en permanente construcción y a interpretarla en sus distintas dimensiones y bifurcaciones. En un segundo momento, argumenta que este derecho tiene su fundamentación en las teorías de reconocimiento y, por tanto, se integra y articula a las tensiones y problemas de las formas de reconocimiento y; en un tercer momento, presenta las caras opuestas que, normalmente, envuelve este tipo de reconocimiento jurídico y; a partir de allí, alimenta la idea según la cual el derecho a la especial protección en Colombia promueve un modelo de reconocimiento formal y no material de los sujetos y grupos desaventajados y reproduce su desigualdad, mediante un nuevo discurso de los derechos, debajo del cual se esconde el viejo discurso del derecho moderno que termina por cuestionar el sentido positivo de esta categoría y afianzar su sentido negativo.
The Corporate Governance Role of Lenders: Minority Shareholders Champions?
Authors: Miramón Botero Santiago
Published: December 2017

El objetivo de este artículo es determinar si la supervisión de las compañías  (no cotizantes en el mercado público de valores y sin problemas de liquidez) por parte de los bancos en el Reino Unido ayuda a superar el problema de la agencia entre los accionistas mayoritarios y minoritarios, y si como consecuencia de esta supervisión los accionistas minoritarios están mejor protegidos por los bancos que por el marco regulatorio vigente en el Reino Unido sobre la protección de accionistas minoritarios
Ciudadanía liberal, proyecto de vida y autodeterminación: Los derechos individuales como camino o como límite de la construcción de la identidad
Authors: González Escallón Julián Daniel
Published: December 2017

Este artículo forma parte de una investigación doctoral, en la que busco localizar la discusión sobre la construcción individual de identidad en las sociedades liberales, desde la perspectiva de la filosofía jurídica y moral. El documento busca encontrar dentro del debate sobre la autodeterminación y la formulación de un proyecto de vida, la clave para la efectividad o no de los derechos liberales para proteger estas libertades y hacerlas ejecutables. En este sentido, se explora el enfoque liberal clásico, en el cual el acceso a las garantías elementales de autodeterminación mantiene un parámetro de neutralidad, en la medida en que el Estado garantiza que no impone de su parte una idea de buena vida que obligue a los ciudadanos a aceptar una cierta postura moral de lo que significa buenos principios y buenas costumbres, pero protegiendo la creación de desarrollos colectivos o individuales de diversos objetivos de vida. Se concluye que si bien existe una tradición liberal que busca hacer cumplir las garantías de autodeterminación y formulación del plan de vida, estas instituciones jurídicas pueden no ser suficientes para asegurar que las identidades minoritarias alcancen el pleno alcance del derecho de autodeterminación.
Las injustas diferencias existentes en la libertad de testar dentro del territorio español
Authors: Platero Alcón Alejandro
Published: December 2017

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo el análisis de la institución de la legítima, la cual es concebida como una autentica limitación de la libertad de testar en la mayoría de los ordenamientos jurídicos que la regulan. Dicho análisis constatará la desigualdad existente entre la regulación en el sistema de Derecho común, contenida en el Código civil Español y, la regulación de la legítima en los denominados Derechos forales. La competencia en materia de Derecho civil no solo la ostenta el Estado, sino que dicha competencia reside también en los regímenes forales, de suerte tal que, la institución será objeto de análisis en Galicia, Navarra, Aragón, Cataluña, Islas Baleares y, en el País Vasco. Se prestará especial atención a la exposición de sus antecedentes históricos, el debate doctrinal sobre su naturaleza jurídica, y como no, las dos cuestiones fundamentales de cualquier sistema legitimario, es decir, determinar quien ostenta la condición de legitimario y, la cuota hereditaria que ostenta.
Retos de la regulación jurídico-penal de la minería en Colombia. Estudio del artículo 333 del código penal colombiano
Authors: Suárez López Beatriz Eugenia
Published: December 2017

Este artículo aborda el estudio del artículo 333 del Código penal (CP) colombiano que establece el delito de contaminación ambiental por explotación de yacimiento minero o hidrocarburo, analizando la redacción del mismo y los efectos penales que de él se derivan, poniendo de presente las dificultades del delito desde el punto de vista del principio de legalidad, pero también abordando algunas problemáticas dogmáticas. Este artículo hace parte de los resultados de la investigación titulada “Derecho penal ambiental en el contexto de la empresa. Problemas en torno al delito de contaminación ambiental” financiada por la Universidad de Bogotá Jorge Tadeo Lozano.
Modeling the refraction of microbaroms by the winds of a large maritime storm
Authors: Blom Philip , Waxler Roger
Published: December 2017

Continuous infrasonic signals produced by the ocean surface interacting with the atmosphere, termed microbaroms, are known to be generated by a number of phenomena including large maritime storms. Storm generated microbaroms exhibit axial asymmetry when observed at locations far from the storm due to the source location being offset from the storm center. Because of this offset, a portion of the microbarom energy will radiate towards the storm center and interact with the winds in the region. Detailed here are predictions for the propagation of microbaroms through an axisymmetric, three-dimensional model storm. Geometric propagation methods have been utilized and the predicted horizontal refraction is found to produce signals that appear to emanate from a virtual source near the storm center when observed far from the storm. This virtual source near the storm center is expected to be observed only from a limited arc around the storm system with increased extent associated with more intense wind fields. This result implies that identifying the extent of the arc observing signal from the virtual source could provide a means to estimate the wind structure using infrasonic observations far from the storm system.
Papers of note in
Science
358
(6368)
Authors: VanHook Annalisa M.
Published: December 2017

This week’s articles report that inhibiting the ion channel TRPC5 prevents the loss of podocytes in rat models of kidney disease.
Evaluation of effect of bevacizumab on central subfield macular thickness in the injected and contralateral (untreated) eye of patients with bilateral diabetic macular oedema
Authors: Khatri Anadi , Karki Pratap , Joshi Sagun Narayan , Kharel Sitaula Ranju
Published: December 2017

Purpose

Antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGFs)—bevacizumab is routinely utilised for the treatment of diabetic macular oedema (DME). We plan to evaluate the impact of bevacizumab on the central subfield macular thickness (CSMT) of the treated and untreated eye.

Methods

A sequential group of patients with bilateral DME who were treated with unilateral bevacizumab injection were assessed preinjection and postinjection by Spectral Domain-Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) by CSMT.

Results

Thirty-one patients, 20 male and 11 female, were evaluated. Seven patients had type 1 diabetes mellitus and 24 had type 2 diabetes mellitus. In regard to the duration of disease, 23 patients had diabetes for more than 10 years, seven patients had the condition for 5–10 years and one patient for more than 5 years. Mean age of the patients was 60.48 years (SD±7.13) with the range of 46–72 years. Mean follow-up was 28 days (range 26–35 days). The eyes which received intravitreal injection had median CSMT of 473.2 µm(range 321–566 µm). The CSMT of the contralateral eye had median of 347.6 µm (range 357–437 µm). A median reduction of −132 µm (range 93–156 µm) could be observed in the treated eye and −18 µm (range 15–22) in the untreated eye after treatment. Our study also found that eyes with greater CSMT, when injected with bevacizumab, produced higher responses in the contralateral eye (R20.538, P<0.05).

Conclusions

Patients with bilateral DME treated with bevacizumab in one eye produced a bilateral response. Eyes with greater CSMT due to DME elicited higher levels of response in the untreated eye.
Tacrolimus therapy in moderate to subacute ulcerative proctocolitis: a large single-centre cohort study
Authors: Saifuddin Aamir , Harris Adam
Published: December 2017

Objective

To explore the ‘real world’ effectiveness of tacrolimus therapy for refractory ulcerative proctocolitis (UC).

Design

Retrospective cohort study using prospectively collated clinical data.

Setting

A single district general hospital in Kent, UK. Clinical decisions and regular monitoring were undertaken by a single expert in inflammatory bowel disease.

Patients

All patients started on tacrolimus between January 2010 and August 2016 at Tunbridge Wells Hospital.

Interventions

Following failure of conventional medication, tacrolimus was commenced at 0.5 mg/kg twice daily. Drug trough levels of 5–20 ng/mL were targeted. Other immunomodulation was stopped and steroids were weaned over 4–6 weeks.

Main outcome measures

Treatment duration was measured for each patient. If the drug was stopped, the rationale, including specific side effects, was recorded. The patient’s subsequent management plan was noted.

Results

Thirty-five patients were started on tacrolimus (range: 18–85, median: 36 years). Disease extent included proctitis to pancolitis. Twenty-five patients derived no benefit. Four patients responded, but drug side effects necessitated withdrawal. Eighteen of these 29 patients (62%) underwent surgery. One patient, who had previously responded, stopped the drug after becoming pregnant (healthy subsequent birth). Therefore, 5 of 35 patients (14%) remain on tacrolimus with sustained clinical response, ranging from 6 to 76 (median: 32) months of treatment. Treatment was most effective for proctosigmoiditis. There were no other demographic or biological markers for success.

Conclusions

In line with UK and European guidelines, tacrolimus can be beneficial for refractory UC. With appropriate monitoring, it appears treatment can be continued safely long term.
Exercise training differentially alters axial and appendicular marrow cellularity in old mice
Authors: Baker Jeff , Nederveen Joshua P. , Ibrahim George , Ivankovic Victoria , Joanisse Sophie , Parise Gianni
Published: December 2017

Aging gradually renders bone marrow hematopoietically inactive. Endurance exercise reverses this phenotype in young mice. Here, we determine the effects in aged mice. Twenty-two month old mice (n = 6) underwent a progressive exercise training protocol. In appendicular bones, marrow cellularity increased by 51% (p < 0.05) and marrow CFU, CFU-GM, and CAFC increased by 12%, 71%, and 86%, respectively (p < 0.05). Vertebral cellularity remained unchanged. The mechanical forces associated with treadmill exercise training may be responsible for these observations.
Structural uncertainty in qualitative models for ecosystem-based management of Georges Bank
Authors: Wildermuth Robert P. , Fay Gavin , Gaichas Sarah
Published: December 2017

Quantitative models for marine ecosystem-based management are often constrained by availability of observations. Uncertainty about the underlying system structure can affect model estimates and conclusions about the consequences of management actions. Qualitative models can augment model development for decision-making and may provide an alternative to quantitative assessments. We apply qualitative loop analysis to assess the sensitivity of management outcomes to structural uncertainty within the Georges Bank social–ecological system. Loop analysis uses defined positive or negative relationships between system components to provide inference about cascading effects of pressures on components of management interest. We compare the sensitivity of outcomes from two management strategies in four model structures of the Georges Bank system that investigate trophic and socioeconomic model uncertainty. We summarize system responses to perturbation and compare these responses with a set of management objectives. Models with complex socioeconomic structure estimated positive outcomes more often but with less reliability than simpler models. Our analyses demonstrated trade-offs among habitat objectives for two management strategies, as well as uncertainty about the reliability of outcomes, contingent on model structure.
Noisy effects in interferometric quantum gravity tests
Authors: Benatti F. , Floreanini R. , Olivares S. , Sindici E.
Published: December 2017

Quantum-enhanced metrology is boosting interferometer sensitivities to extraordinary levels, up to the point where table-top experiments have been proposed to measure Planck-scale effects predicted by quantum gravity theories. In setups involving multiple photon interferometers, as those for measuring the so-called holographic fluctuations, entanglement provides substantial improvements in sensitivity. Entanglement is however a fragile resource and may be endangered by decoherence phenomena. We analyze how noisy effects arising either from the weak coupling to an external environment or from the modification of the canonical commutation relations in photon propagation may affect this entanglement-enhanced gain in sensitivity.