bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Human enhancement and the concept of liminality
Authors: Popper Miroslav
Published: April 2016

The article considers human enhancement from the perspective of liminality. It defines the concept of liminality, introduced by ethnologist van Gennep in an attempt to generalise the rites of passage. It shows how, thanks to Turner, this concept has spread beyond anthropology to characterise the many situations ‘betwixt and between’ associated with transitioning from the original social structure to the new one. The article points out that, by definition, liminal situations break down traditional structures; hence, polemical debates on whether to allow human enhancement cannot be conducted from the position of existing normative standards. It argues, on the contrary, that these must be fundamentally expanded so as to reflect the current transitional phase from treatment to enhancement and that preparations must be made for the policies and institutions that will deal with the consequences. Otherwise, we will face threat of a new kind of totalitarianism.
A critical approach to Hannah Arendt’s concept of worldliness and its applicability in the social sciences
Authors: Gómez Noelia Bueno
Published: April 2016

This article will explain and critically examine Hannah Arendt’s concept of worldliness with the aim of clarifying its limitations when it is used in the context of the social sciences, particularly where understanding and contributing to solving the problem of the forced displacement of people are concerned. Arendt defines “worldliness” as “having a world” in the double sense of having a tangible world of references and a political world. Her ideas regarding the worldliness of tribes and stateless people will be discussed and criticized, together with her avoidance of considering the relevance of oral history and oral resources and her position on human rights. Finally, this article proposes that social scientists require a broader conception of worldliness, in which intangible resources like shared oral narratives, virtual networks or shared views of the homeland are not dismissed, and can even serve as a basis for fighting for political and social rights.
Emotions and political rhetoric: Perception of danger, group conflict and the biopolitics of fear
Authors: Gil Marta
Published: April 2016

In the present article I shall argue that human emotion is multifaceted and has a cognitive dimension in virtue of its intricate connections with beliefs, memories, imagination, and other products of human rationality. Human emotion also has a social and political dimension. When we think about fear we cannot characterize it as a mere stimulus-response phenomenon: it is, due to its cognitive facet, more complex and related to our ideas about survival and well-being. This leaves fear exposed to political rhetoric, and thus to political manipulation. Fear can be aroused, guided and nourished amongst the population, giving rise to a biopolitics of fear. In this article, I will consider the heuristics and biases that lead people to evaluate risks mistakenly, and governments to consequently act erroneously. I will also consider how these psychological mechanisms are exploited by social entrepreneurs in order to achieve their own goals, such as reinforce in-group bonds, generate a sense of crisis or keep hold of power. I shall argue that we must be alert to certain kinds of political discourse that pose a threat to democratic society.
A note on the rate of convergence for Chebyshev-Lobatto and Radau systems
Authors: Berriochoa Elías , Cachafeiro Alicia , Díaz Jaime , Martínez Eduardo
Published: April 2016

This paper is devoted to Hermite interpolation with Chebyshev-Lobatto and Chebyshev-Radau nodal points. The aim of this piece of work is to establish the rate of convergence for some types of smooth functions. Although the rate of convergence is similar to that of Lagrange interpolation, taking into account the asymptotic constants that we obtain, the use of this method is justified and it is very suitable when we dispose of the appropriate information.
FMR study of samples obtained by nitriding and nitrides reduction of nanocrystalline iron
Authors: Typek Janusz , Guskos Nikos , Zolnierkiewicz Grzegorz , Guskos Aleksander , Karolina Kielbasa , Pelka Rafal , Arabczyk Walerian
Published: April 2016

Samples obtained by nitriding of promoted nanocrystalline iron and the nitrides reduction at various nitriding potential in terms of thermodynamic parameters were investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance/ferromagnetic resonance (EPR/FMR) method at room temperature. Experimental FMR spectra were fitted by the Dysonian-type resonance lines arising from the presence of different Fe–N phases. The obtained FMR parameters allowed us to identify the component phases and to determine their magnetic properties. In general, the proposed simple method of decomposition of the FMR spectra produced results on the phase content in investigated samples that were consistent with XRD measurements and additionally, magnetic characteristics of the studied nanomagnets.
Synthesis and characterization of Cu-MFI catalyst for the direct medium temperature range NO decomposition
Authors: Valkaj Karolina Maduna , Tomašić Vesna , Katović Andrea , Bielańska ElżBieta
Published: April 2016

In this study the physico-chemical and catalytic properties of copper bearing MFI zeolites (Cu-MFI) with different Si/Al and Si/Cu ratios were investigated. Two different methods for incorporation of metal ions into the zeolite framework were used: the ion exchange from the solution of copper acetate and the direct hydrothermal synthesis. Direct synthesis of a zeolite in the presence of copper-phosphate complexes was expected to generate more active copper species necessary for the desired reaction than the conventional ion exchange method. Direct decomposition of NO was used as a model reaction, because this reaction still offers a very attractive approach to NOX removal. The catalytic properties of zeolite samples were studied using techniques, such as XRD, SEM, EPR and nitrogen adsorption/desorption measurements at 77 K. Results of the kinetic investigation revealed that both methods are applicable for the preparation of the catalysts with active sites capable of catalyzing the NO decomposition. It was found out that Cu-MFI zeolites obtained through direct synthesis are promising catalysts for NO decomposition, especially at lower reaction temperatures. The efﬁciency of the catalysts prepared by both methods is compared and discussed.
QUIETE: a scheme for a new index of the
environmental quality of green areas
Authors: Brambilla Giovanni , Gallo Veronica
Published: April 2016

Notwithstanding the green areas are important
for preserving and promoting the health of population,
they are often exposed to noise pollution, especially in urban
areas. However, the perceived quality of a green area
does not depend only by its sonic environment, as all the
human senses contribute to form the individual appraisal
together with other features of the area. Thus, an holistic
approach is required as that offered by the soundscape approach.
The present paper proposes the scheme of a new index,
QUIETE, to quantify the quality of a public park, taking
into account its perceived overall quality and the relative
sound level determined by the difference between the
noise descriptor LA (i.e. LAeq, LA50, . . .) and a reference
level Lref . By the QUIETE index it is easy to identify the areas
requiring noise mitigation actions, and provide understandable
information to the users of the park on the areas
for their enjoyable fruition. The formulation of the QUIETE
index is rather flexible and the reference level Lref has to
be fixed considering the objective to accomplish. To evaluate
the feasibility and potential of QUIETE, it has been
applied to the data collected in 8 urban parks in Milan and
Rome with different location (from downtown to suburban
area) and size. The Lref value has been set at the noise
limit issued by current Italian legislation for green areas
(LAeq = 50 dBA for day-time). A “tentative” rating scale
for QUIETE is also proposed and its values are reported by
a colored scale on the map of the park to summarize the
data and to pr
Nach dem Pflegestärkungsgesetz II: Eine alternative Interpretation der Probleme und ein Plädoyer für potenzialorientierte Reformen
Authors: Kehl Konstantin
Published: April 2016

The German long-term care insurance has been introduced 20 years ago and recently reformed, but is still subject to criticism. A continued decline of informal care-giving is indicated by a decreasing percentage of people who receive cash benefits for informal care. It renders the political goal of strengthening informal care unachievable, even though it would contribute to the financial sustainability and a more encompassing approach to care. Referring to socio-demographic developments, the author suggests a capability-oriented policy strategy aiming at the mobilization of resources within the social proximity of the affected elderly. Such a strategy would not only contribute to reduce costs, but would also increase quality of life and public legitimacy. As part of such an approach policy instruments will be discussed that aim at activating and facilitating informal care.
Efficacy of Double Pedicle Graft with and without PRGF in Treating Cl I and Cl II Gingival Recessions
Authors: Abolfazli Nader , Asadollahi Afsoon , Faramarzi Masoumeh , Saleh Saber Fariba
Published: April 2016

Background and aims. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of double pedicle graft (DPG) with and without plasma rich in growth factor (PRGF) in the treatment of Miller's Cl I and II gingival recessions. Materials and methods. Thirty-two bilateral buccal gingival Miller’s Cl I and II recessions were selected. Sixteen of the recessions were treated with DPG and PRGF (test group). The remaining sixteen recessions were treated with DPG (control group). The clinical parameters, including clinical probing depth (CPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), recession depth (RD), recession width (RW) and keratinized gingiva width (KGW), were measured at baseline and 1, 3 and 6 months later. Data were analyzed with paired t-test. Results. After 6 months, both groups exhibited a significant improvement in all the criteria mentioned above. However, none of the groups showed significant differences in pocket depths after 6 months. At the end of the study there were significant improvements in recession depths and widths and clinical attachment levels and keratinized gingiva width between test and control groups Conclusion. The method using DPG+PRGF resulted in more favorable clinical outcomes than only DPG.
Management of a Palatal Gingival Groove in a Maxillary Lateral Incisor: A Case Report
Authors: Salari Ashkan , Faramarzi Maosumeh , Naser alavi Seyedeh Fereshteh
Published: April 2016

The palate-gingival grooves are an anatomical anomaly in maxillary incisors, which might result in local periodontal pocket formation, bone loss and sometimes pulpal necrosis. In the present case, there was a groove on the palatal side of a maxillary lateral incisor with vital pulp. The periodontal problem of the tooth was treated and the 6-month postoperative follow-up showed attachment gain and decreased pocket depth.
Nonlinear Changes in the Rhythm of European Art Music
Authors: Hansen Niels Chr. , Sadakata Makiko , Pearce Marcus
Published: April 2016

Research has used the normalized pairwise variability index (nPVI) to examine relationships between musical rhythm and durational contrast in composers’ native languages. Applying this methodology, linearly increasing nPVI in Austro-German, but not Italian music has recently been ascribed to waning Italian and increasing German influence on Austro-German music after the Baroque Era. The inapplicability of controlled experimental methods to historical data necessitates further replication with more sensitive methods and new repertoire. Using novel polynomial modelling procedures, we demonstrate an initial increase and a subsequent decrease in nPVI in music by 34 French composers. Moreover, previous findings for 21 Austro-German (linear increase) and 15 Italian composers (no change) are replicated. Our results provide promissory quantitative support for accounts from historical musicology of an Italian-dominated Baroque (1600-1750), a Classical Era (1750-1820) with Austro-German centres of gravity (e.g., Mannheim, Vienna), and a Romantic Era (1820-1900) with greater national independence. Future studies should aim to replicate these findings with larger corpora with greater historical representability.
Emotions Perceived and Emotions Experienced in Response to Computer-Generated Music
Authors: Komosinski Maciej , Mensfelt Agnieszka
Published: April 2016

This paper explores perceived and experienced emotions elicited by computer-generated music. During the experiments, 30 participants listened to 20 excerpts. Each of the excerpts lasted for about 16 seconds and was generated in real-time by specifically designed software. Measurements were performed using both categorical (a free verbal description) and dimensional approaches. The relationship between structural factors of music (mode, tempo, pitch height, rhythm, articulation, and presence of the dissonance) and emotions was examined. Personal characteristics of the listener: gender and music training were also taken into account. The relationship between structural factors and the perceived emotions was mostly congruent with predictions derived from the literature, and the relationship between those factors and experienced emotions was very similar. Tempo and pitch height – the cues common to music and speech – turned out to have a strong influence on the evaluation of emotion. Personal factors had a marginal effect. In the case of verbal categories comparable with the dimensional model, a strong correspondence was found.
Repetition Enhances the Musicality of Randomly Generated Tone Sequences
Authors: Margulis Elizabeth Hellmuth , Simchy-Gross Rhimmon
Published: April 2016

This study investigated the role of repetition on listener response. It tested the hypothesis that repetition, in the form of looping during an exposure phase, would make random sequences of tones sound more musical when rated later during a test phase. In Experiment 1, participants without special music training rated the musicality of random sequences of tones on a Likert-like scale from 1 to 7. Experiment 2 used the highest and lowest rated sequences as stimuli. In an initial exposure phase, participants heard half these sequences presented six times in a loop, and half of them presented only once. In a subsequent test phase, they rated the musicality of each sequence. Sequences that had been repeated were rated as more musical, regardless of whether they had received a high or low musicality rating in Experiment 1, but the effect size was small. These results, although limited in some respects, support a large body of literature pointing to the importance of repetition in aesthetic experiences of music.
Cerebral cortex expansion and folding: what have we learned?
Authors: Fernández Virginia , Llinares‐Benadero Cristina , Borrell Víctor
Published: April 2016

One of the most prominent features of the human brain is the fabulous size of the cerebral cortex and its intricate folding. Cortical folding takes place during embryonic development and is important to optimize the functional organization and wiring of the brain, as well as to allow fitting a large cortex in a limited cranial volume. Pathological alterations in size or folding of the human cortex lead to severe intellectual disability and intractable epilepsy. Hence, cortical expansion and folding are viewed as key processes in mammalian brain development and evolution, ultimately leading to increased intellectual performance and, eventually, to the emergence of human cognition. Here, we provide an overview and discuss some of the most significant advances in our understanding of cortical expansion and folding over the last decades. These include discoveries in multiple and diverse disciplines, from cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating cortical development and neurogenesis, genetic mechanisms defining the patterns of cortical folds, the biomechanics of cortical growth and buckling, lessons from human disease, and how genetic evolution steered cortical size and folding during mammalian evolution.
Stress echocardiography in patients with morbid obesity
Authors: Shah Benoy N. , Senior Roxy
Published: April 2016

The incidence of significant obesity is rising across the globe. These patients often have a clustering of cardiovascular risk factors and are frequently referred for noninvasive cardiac imaging tests. Stress echocardiography (SE) is widely used for assessment of patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease (CAD), but its clinical utility in morbidly obese patients (in whom image quality may suffer due to body habitus) has been largely unknown. The recently published Stress Ultrasonography in Morbid Obesity (SUMO) study has shown that SE, when performed appropriately with ultrasound contrast agents (whether performed with physiological or pharmacological stress), has excellent feasibility and appropriately risk stratifies morbidly obese patients, including identification of patients who require revascularization. This article reviews the evidence supporting the use of echocardiographic techniques in morbidly obese patients for assessment of known or suspected CAD and briefly discusses other noninvasive modalities, including magnetic resonance and nuclear techniques, comparing and contrasting these techniques against SE.
A 17-Year-Old With Steroid-Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Band Molly E. , Sheldon Candice , Brancato John , Parikh Nehal S. , D’Alessandri-Silva Cynthia
Published: April 2016

A 17-year-old girl presented with facial swelling and shortness of breath to an outside emergency department. She was treated for an allergic reaction with steroids and antihistamines, and discharged from the hospital. Subsequently, she was referred as an outpatient to pediatric nephrology for recurrent edema and proteinuria. Initial laboratory workup by nephrology was significant for a normal complete blood count and reassuring electrolyte panel. Pertinent laboratories were a creatinine of 0.5 mg/dL (0.4–1.1 mg/dL) and an albumin 2.3 g/dL (3.5–5.0 g/dL). The urine protein-to-creatinine ratio was >7 (<0.2). A renal ultrasound showed symmetrically sized kidneys with normal echotexture. The patient’s renal biopsy results were consistent with minimal change disease. Based on the biopsy results, prednisone was started. Due to a poor response to prednisone, an alternate immunomodulator therapy was selected. Her subsequent complete blood counts showed a downward trend of all cell lines and an elevated serum uric acid. Concurrently, she reported worsening fatigue, low back pain, nausea, vomiting, night sweats, and pruritus. More details of her case and the outcome are presented.
Role of Operative or Interventional Radiology-Guided Cultures for Osteomyelitis
Authors: McNeil J. Chase , Forbes Andrea R. , Vallejo Jesus G. , Flores Anthony R. , Hultén Kristina G. , Mason Edward O. , Kaplan Sheldon L.
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis (AHO) is a severe infection in children. Drainage of purulent collections in bones provides specimens for culture as well as therapeutic benefit. Interventional radiology (IR)-guided procedures may serve as a less invasive means of culture in select patients. We examined the impact of IR and surgically obtained cultures in the diagnosis and management of AHO.

METHODS:

A retrospective review of cases of AHO was performed from 2011 to 2014. Patients with chronic disease, orthopedic hardware, puncture wounds, or an infected contiguous focus were excluded.

RESULTS:

A total of 250 cases met inclusion criteria. Blood cultures were positive in 107 of 231 cases (46.3%), and 123 of 150 patients had positive cultures (82%) obtained by orthopedic surgery. Of these 123 patients, 62 (50.4%) had organisms identified only through operating room (OR) cultures. Of the 66 patients who had cultures obtained by IR, 34 (51.5%) had positive IR cultures. For those with positive IR cultures, 18 (52.9%) had negative blood cultures. Among the 80 patients with negative blood culture and positive OR/IR culture, the results changed antibiotic therapy in 68 (85%) patients.

CONCLUSIONS:

IR or OR culture was the only means of identifying a pathogen in 80 of 216 cases (37%), and in >80% changed medical management. IR can be used effectively to obtain bone cultures in children with AHO not requiring open surgical drainage. Further research is needed to better understand the optimal utilization of IR and OR culture in pediatric AHO.
МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ЕНЕРГЕТИЧНИХ ПАРАМЕТРІВ, ШВИДКОСТІ ТА МІГРАЦІЙНИХ ДИСТАНЦІЙ ПТАХІВ
Authors: Matsyura О. V. , Matsyura М. V.
Published: April 2016

The results of the preliminary analysis carried out by Flight software for White Stork and Pelican that migrate within the Mediterranean-Black Sea Migratory Route were presented. Obtained results practically coincide with experimental results and data of radar observations. Optimum speed allows the birds to fly with a higher grade soaring and shorter distance between the thermal flows. Time to find the next effective thermals (thermal flux) is reduced by increasing the speed, which in turn reduces the average rise in thermal flows, increases the risk not to find appropriate thermal. Soaring birds reduce wingspan and wing area by bending the joints of the extremities at high speeds. This reduces profile resistance and increases the inductive reactance. Profile resistance increases and the inductive reactance decreases with increasing of bird speed. Under ideal conditions the birds try to find a position of wingspan, which reduces the difference between the values ​​of profile and inductive resistance.

Key words: Flight software, migration, birds, energetic parameters, prognosis, modeling.
ІНТЕНСИВНІСТЬ ПРОЦЕСІВ ПЕРЕКИСНОГО ОКИСНЕННЯ ЛІПІДІВ КСИЛОТРОФНИХ БАЗИДІОМІЦЕТІВ У ГЛИБИННІЙ КУЛЬТУРІ
Authors: Chaika A. V. , Fedotov O. V.
Published: April 2016

The aim of the study was to determine the lipid peroxidation (LP) intensity of xylotrophic basidiomycetes cultures under submerged fermentation on glucose-peptone medium. The materials were submerged mycelium and culture filtrate of 79 strains of 18 species xylotrophic basidiomycetes. Among the studied strains, 60 strains belong to the order Agaricales and 19 – to order Polyporales. Most of the strains (85%) were isolated from the fruiting bodies collected in different localities of Donetsk city and its region. The following methods were used. Oven-dry biomass was determined by gravimetric method and biomass increase and specific growth rate were calculated. The pH of the culture filtrate was determined by potentiometric method. The intensity of lipid peroxidation processes was estimated with the modified thiobarbituric acid test. The study concluded that among the studied strains high level of LP in the mycelium is typical for the F. velutipes cultures, particularly the F-vv, F-03 and F-1. The low intensity of LP in the mycelium was established for the F. fomentarius Ff-09, Ff-1201 strains and the L. edodes Le-2, Le-4, Le-6, Le-7 strains. The high content of LP products in the culture filtrate is typical in most Polyporales cultures, for example, in the strains of I. lacteus IL-1201, T. hirsuta Th-11, D. quercina Dq-08 and F. fomentarius T-10. Paucity of the LP products in the culture filtrate established for some strains of F. velutipes, for example, F-204, F-11, S. commune Sc-1102 strain and G. lucidum cultures. Direct dependence between the content of LP products in the mycelium and culture filtrate was not established. Calculated correlation coefficients for the investigated strains showed the dependence of the growth rates and the intensity of LP in the mycelium and culture filtrate. Selected strains with high growth rate and a significant LP level in the culture filtrate are promising in technologies of lignocellulosic wastes and xenobiotics biodegradation and environment bioremediation.

Key words: xylotrophic basidiomycetes, submerged fermentation, lipid peroxidation
ВПЛИВ ПЕВНИХ ВІТАМІНІВ НА СИНТЕЗ ПОЛІФЕНОЛЬНИХ РЕЧОВИН ДЕЯКИМИ БАЗИДІОМІЦЕТАМИ
Authors: Veligodska А. К. , Fedotov О. V.
Published: April 2016

We studied the influence of certain vitamins on the intensity of the synthesis of polyphenolic compounds and carotenoids by some Basidiomycetes strains, such as Laetiporus sulphureus Ls-08, Fomes fomentarius Ff-1201 and Fistulina hepatica Fh-18. The registration of accumulation of dry biomass and content of polyphenols and carotenoids in the mycelia and culture filtrate of strains that were cultivated on glucose-peptone substrates (GPS) with vitamins was performed. The vitamins A, E, C, B1, B12, and PP at the concentration of 0.005, 0.01 and 0.05 g/l were applied as modification of GPS. We founded the species effect on the synthesis of vitamins, polyphenols, and carotenoids. We suggested separate application of vitamins A, E, B1, and B12 at concentration of 0.01 g/ l to induce the synthesis of polyphenols and carotenoids. Results of the study will be used to develop a modification of GPS for the cultivation of strains of polyphenolic substances of basidiomycete origin.

Keywords: Basidiomycetes, mycelium, culture filtrate, polyphenols, carotenoids, vitamins.
ИЕРАРХИЧЕСКАЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО РАЗНООБРАЗИЯ РАСТИТЕЛЬНОСТИ ТЕХНОЗЕМОВ
Authors: Zhukov A. V. , Kunakh O. N. , Zadorozhnaya G. A. , Andrusevich E. V.
Published: April 2016

Article presented the conception that for the quantitative characteristic of ecological diversity of vegetation the relation of distinction/similarity between species can be estimated by means ecomorphic features of plants or their phytoindicator properties. It is shown, that the network organization of ecological mutual relations can be presented in the form of hierarchical dendrogram in order to apply Warwick-Clarke taxonomic diversity indexes to a quantitative estimation of an ecological diversity. The idea to expand Whittaker concept of α, β and γ-diversity on ecological (hierarchical, organizational) diversity was discussed that has allowed to introduce concepts of α, β, and γ-components of ecological diversity of plant community.

Keywords: ecological diversity, ecomorfphological features, the indices of taxonomic diversity, industrial soils vegetation
ВПЛИВ ДЖЕРЕЛ ВУГЛЕЦЕВОГО ТА АЗОТНОГО ЖИВЛЕННЯ НА БІОДЕГРАДАЦІЮ КСЕНОБІОТИКІВ КУЛЬТУРАМИ КСИЛОТРОФІВ
Authors: Chaika A. V. , Fedotov O. V.
Published: April 2016

The effect of different carbon and nitrogen nutrition sources on the efficiency of xenobiotic biodegradation was investigated by means of submerged xylotrophic basidiomycetes cultures. We cultivated the prospective strains of xylotrophic basidiomycetes like Flammulina velutipes F-1105, Pleurotus eryngii P-er, Trametes hirsuta Th-11, and Daedalea quercina Dq-08 on the lab shaker on modified glucose-peptone medium. Some 24 of the carbon and 15 of the nitrogen nutrition sources were investigated. Absolutely dry biomass of the mycelium was determined by weighting method. The pollutants biodegradation efficiency of submerged cultures was determined by a modified method on a model compound – Methyl Orange. The individual carbon- and nitrogen-containing components of the modified glucose-peptone medium, the cultivation on which provides induction of model compound Methyl Orange biodegradation efficiency of the strains was also determined. They mostly were the carbon sources like glucose, fructose, xylose, starch, glycerol, PEG -1500, and the nitrogen sources like urea and peptone. It is suggested that the biodegradation efficiency of induction could caused either by inductive action of the nutrient component on metabolism of culture or by the manifestation of an adaptive response to adverse conditions.

Keywords: xylotrophic basidiomycetes, biodegradation, Methyl Orange.
ВПЛИВ ДЖЕРЕЛ АЗОТНОГО ЖИВЛЕННЯ НА СИНТЕЗ КАРОТИНОЇДІВ ДЕЯКИМИ ШТАМАМИ БАЗИДІОМІЦЕТІВ
Authors: Veligodska A. K. , Fedotov O. V. , Petreeva A. S.
Published: April 2016

The influence of certain nitrogen compounds - components of glucose-peptone medium (GPM) on the accumulation of carotenoids by some strains was investigated by surface cultivating basidiomycetes. The total carotenoid content was set in acetone extracts of mycological material spectrophotometrically and calculated using the Vetshteyn formula.

As the nitrogen-containing components used GPM with 9 compounds, such as peptone, DL-valine, L-asparagine, DL-serine, DL-tyrosine, L-proline, L-alanine, urea, NaNO3. The effect on the accumulation of specific compounds both in the mycelium and in the culture fluid of carotenoids by culturing certain strains of Basidiomycetes was identified.

Adding to standard glucose-peptone medium peptone at 5 g/l causes an increase of carotenoid accumulation by strain L. sulphureus Ls-08, and in a concentration of 4 g/l by strains of F. hepatica Fh-18 and F. fomentarius Ff-1201.

In order to increase the accumulation of carotenoids in the mycelium  we suggested to make a standard glucose-peptone medium with proline or valine for cultivating of L. sulphureus Ls- 08 strain; alanine for F. fomentarius Ff-1201 strain; proline, asparagine and serine - for strain Fh-18 of F. hepatica. The results can be implemented in further optimization of the composition of the nutrient medium for culturing strains of Basidiomycetes wich producing carotenoids.

Keywords: nitrogen-containing substances, Basidiomycetes, mycelium, culture filtrate, carotenoids
РЕГУЛЯЦІЯ СИНТЕЗУ ПОЛІФЕНОЛЬНИХ РЕЧОВИН ДЕЯКИМИ ШТАМАМИ БАЗИДІОМІЦЕТІВ
Authors: Fedotov O. V. , Veligodska A. K.
Published: April 2016

The effect of specific carbon-containing compounds as additional components glucose-peptone medium (GPM), the intensity of the polyphenolic substances and carotenoids synthesis by some strains was investigated by surface cultivating basidiomycetes. The total content of polyphenolic substances set out in alcoholic extracts of the modified procedure by Folin-Chokalteu and in acetone carotenoids extracts of mycological material by spectrophotometric method and calculated by Vetshteyn formula. In GPM we used 13 carbonaceous components compounds belonging to mono-, oligo- and polysaccharides and carboxylic acids The effect of the 13 carbon-containing compounds on the accumulation of biomass, carotenoids and polyphenols Basidiomycetes strains L. sulphureus Ls-08, F. fomentarius Ff-1201 and F. hepatica Fh-18 was identified. For the purpose of inducing the synthesis of carotenoids by strains Ls-08 and Fh-18 may recommend changes in the standard GPS by fructose, and for strain Ff-1201 by sucrose. In order to induce synthesis of polyphenols strains Ff-1201 and Fh-18 to make appropriate standard GPS by mannose and for strain Ls-08 by sucrose.

Keywords: Basidiomycetes, mycelium, culture filtrate, polyphenols, carotenoids
Rafael de Buen Lozano: el periplo americano de un exilado republicano español
Authors: Taracena Arriola Arturo
Published: April 2016

Este es un ejercicio de recuperar la memoria histórica de republicanos españoles que vivieron en Centroamérica a partir de la biografía del biólogo republicano español Rafael de Buen Lozano. Militante en España primero de Acción Socialista y, luego, del Partido Comunista Español por medio de artículos sobre la familia De Buen, entrevistas, cartas dirigidas a su hija Rafaela de Buen López y otros materiales durante las estancias en su país, Argelia, Centroamérica, Venezuela y México. Se destaca su papel como científico en las distintas universidades en que trabajó, como miembro del Estado Mayor del Ejército republicano durante la Guerra civil española, como miembro de las Casas de la República en el exilio, especialmente durante su permanencia en Guatemala entre 1945 y 1954, la que con la caída del gobierno de Jacobo Arbenz lo obligó a vivir un nuevo exilio.
Política, elecciones y democracia en Costa Rica (1889-1914). Una nota historiográfica
Authors: Molina Jiménez Iván
Published: April 2016

El objetivo principal de este artículo es analizar la producción historiográfica que estudia la política electoral costarricense de los años 1889-1914. Dicha escogencia se explica por dos razones: se trata de uno de los períodos más estudiados por los investigadores y constituye, a la vez, una de las etapas fundamentales de la formación de la democracia en Costa Rica. El análisis efectuado demuestra que las investigaciones realizadas, inicialmente descriptivas y tradicionales, tendieron a volverse más sofisticadas a partir de la década de 1980. Sin embargo, fue sólo a partir del decenio de 1990 que los trabajos académicos empezaron a considerar los aspectos institucionales en marcos más amplios y a introducir una indispensable perspectiva comparativa.
Reflections on the Production of the Formation of Physiotherapy in the Con-text of SUS
Authors: Ferreira Ana Luísa Pinho Pinto , Rezende Mônica De
Published: April 2016

Abstract Background: This study was motivated by the need of understanding how the relationship of the training with the national health system is treated, both in the sphere of health services and the aca-demic area. This work aims to contribute to the debate on the inclusion of the physiotherapist in SUS (Brazil's NHS) by pointing out issues that need to be deepened in future studies. Purpose: To analyze the national literature production on the relationship between the training of therapists and their work in SUS, from 1996 to 2010. Methods: Descriptive research with literature on the bases: LILACS, SCI-ELO Bank and CAPES thesis. Results: We found 13 publications, sorted by: year, publication type, region where it was published in the categories "national curriculum guidelines," "professional respon-sibility", "integrality in health" and "conceptions of teachers in training in Physiotherapy ". There no publishing from 1996 to 2005, gradually increasing from this year. It was identified a higher number of articles compared to other types of publications; there is also an important difference between the Brazilian regions, with higher prevalence of studies in the South (53.8%) and a greater number of pub-lications in the category "national curriculum guidelines". Conclusion: It was possible to raise ques-tions that involve the applicability of the National Curriculum Guidelines on the pedagogical courses; suitability of teachers to the reality of SUS; investigation of the models covered in health care envi-ronments trainers, and the lack of contribution by higher education institutions on teaching-research and teaching and public service, contributing to form an important agenda of study. {#}
Respiratory function and functional capacity in chronic stroke patients 1
Authors: Machado Anna Cláudia Martinez , Silva Nathália Grasielle Marinho , Diniz Gisele do Carmo Leite , Pessoa Bruno Porto , Scalzo Paula Luciana
Published: April 2016

Abstract Introduction: Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) or stroke results in weakness of the trunk muscles and physical unfitness. Objectives: To evaluate respiratory changes caused by stroke and correlate them with the functional capacity of chronic stroke patients who were treated at the Clinical Center of Physical Therapy of the Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Betim. Methods: Fifteen patients were recruited for assessment of respiratory function and functional capacity. We measured maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), peak expiratory flow (PEF), vital capacity (VC), and functional capacity using the six-minute walk test (6MWT). Test results were compared with reference values using an unpaired Student's t-test or the Mann-Whitney test. Respiratory variables were correlated with the distance walked in the 6MWT using Spearman's correlation test. Results: The sample had a mean age of 58.2 ± 13.4 years, and most patients had a diagnosis of ischemic stroke and left hemiparesis. The following values were obtained: MIP (47.7 ± 22.2 cmH2O); MEP (47.5 ± 20.3 cmH2O); PEF (351.3 ± 90.8 L/min); VC (3.0 ± 0.91 L); and 6MWT (222.4 ± 101.6 m). The MIP, MEP, PEF, and 6MWT values measured in this study were statistically significantly lower (p < 0.001) than the reference values. There was no statistically significant correlation between the distance walked in the 6 MWT and respiratory variables (p > 0.005). Conclusion: Our results suggest that, despite the decrease in respiratory muscle strength, PEF, and VC, these variables did not correlate with the functional capacity of the chronic stroke patients assessed in this study.
Concepts of liberty and value pluralism: Implications for psychiatry
Authors: Banzato Claudio E. M.
Published: April 2016

Isaiah Berlin’s distinction between the ideas of ‘positive’ and ‘negative’ liberty is examined within the context of his value pluralism, in which goods, evils and forms of life are ultimately incommensurable (or incomparable through reasoning). Adopting this pluralist stance as to values, I try to answer the following question: does psychiatry need to/is it able to reach an explicit agreement as what is the best way to live? Given the precedence of practical reasoning in psychiatry, I suggest that, when confronted with certain kinds of human suffering (pathos), often associated with a clash between values, the last word (however tentative and always individual) should come from the clinical realm.
A experiência subjetiva do uso de psicotrópicos na perspectiva de pessoas com diagnóstico de esquizofrenia
Authors: Benini Iara Scaranelo Penteado , Leal Erotildes Maria
Published: April 2016

O presente artigo objetiva discutir a experiência subjetiva do uso de psicotrópicos na perspectiva de pessoas com o diagnóstico de esquizofrenia. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo de base fenomenológica hermenêutica ou interpretativa que ocorreu a partir da análise de narrativas produzidas em grupos focais. Conclui ser a experiência do usuário de medicamentos diversa e importante, devendo ser incluída no processo de tomada de decisão quanto ao tratamento medicamentoso, onde o sujeito deve ser central.
O lobby na regulação da publicidade de alimentos da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária
Authors: Baird Marcello Fragano
Published: April 2016

Resumo O artigo analisa a ação política dos grupos de interesse empresariais ao longo do processo de regulação da publicidade de alimentos desencadeado pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (Anvisa) em 2005. Os objetivos principais são descrever as estratégias e articulações políticas desses grupos, de modo a aferir se sua ação foi bem-sucedida no sentido de minimizar ou anular a polêmica e conflituosa regulação proposta por aquela agência, cujos efeitos incidiam diretamente sobre as atividades do setor privado. O estudo compreendeu um acompanhamento detalhado de cada etapa do processo decisório, buscando observar quais arenas políticas são acionadas por esses grupos para a consecução de seus objetivos. Para a condução desta pesquisa, amparamo-nos no exame exaustivo de documentos relacionados à regulação proposta, oriundos dos três poderes, bem como dos grupos de interesse, e em entrevistas aprofundadas com os principais atores políticos envolvidos com a temática. A análise evidenciou que os grupos de interesse empresariais, refletindo seus amplos recursos políticos e econômicos, têm acesso às mais diversas arenas políticas, como a Anvisa, o Congresso Nacional, o Judiciário e a Advocacia-Geral da União, ator decisivo no desfecho do processo político aqui estudado. Também encontramos evidências de que a pressão do empresariado foi capaz de mitigar em grande medida a regulação da Anvisa, pois a norma foi alterada consideravelmente entre a consulta pública de 2006 e sua promulgação em 2010. Não obstante, pudemos observar que, a despeito do poder econômico incontrastável dos dois setores afetados, indústria de alimento e de publicidade, sua ação política não foi capaz de impedir a Anvisa de promulgar em 2010 uma versão mais branda do regulamento, o que nos sugere uma relativa autonomia política da agência. Por fim, alterações organizacionais e no comando da Anvisa em 2012, alinhadas aos interesses dos grupos empresariais, dão conta de mudanças mais profundas na agência, as quais parecem ter redefinido as próprias bases do relacionamento com o empresariado.
Taxonomic revision and phylogenetic relationships of Dasyloricaria Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1979 (Siluriformes: Loricariidae), with description of a new species
Authors: Londoño-Burbano Alejandro , Reis Roberto E.
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT A taxonomic revision and phylogenetic analysis were completed for Dasyloricaria . The genus includes three valid species: D . filamentosa and D . latiura previously included in the genus, and a new species described herein. Dasyloricaria have a restricted trans-Andean distribution, with D . filamentosa occurring at the lower and middle Magdalena, lower Cauca, and Sinu in Colombia, and lago Maracaibo basin in Colombia and Venezuela; D . latiura in the Atrato and the Tuyra basins in Colombia and Panama, respectively; and the new species in the upper and middle Magdalena basin in Colombia. New synonyms for D . filamentosa and D . latiura are proposed, and a lectotype is designated for the latter. Dasyloricaria is herein recognized as monophyletic, with D . filamentosa as the sister group of D . latiura , and the new speciesas sister to that clade. Spatuloricaria is hypothesized to be the sister group of Dasyloricaria based on synapomorphies of the neurocranium, branchial arches and external morphology features. The subtribe Rineloricariina was partially corroborated through the phylogenetic analysis. An identification key for the species of Dasyloricaria is provided.
Adaptando o currículo para atender a necessidades de profissionais de saúde em um desastre: uma proposta para enfermeiras brasileiras
Authors: Witt Regina Rigatto , Gebbie Kristine Moore
Published: April 2016

RESUMO Introdução Educação e capacitação são os pilares da preparação para os desastres e melhores currículos e programas de treinamento são baseados em competências. Objetivo Este artigo apresenta uma proposta para ser aplicada ao currículo de enfermagem no Brasil, baseada nas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais e nas recomendações para a integração de habilidades e competências no currículo de graduação propostas pela Organização Mundial da Saúde. Resultados Foi realizada uma comparação de referenciais de competências para indicar as competências específicas essenciais para enfermeiras brasileiras. Níveis de proficiência foram indicados para o estabelecimento de objetivos educacionais e experiências de aprendizado e instrumentos de avaliação recomendados da literatura. Conclusões As competências constituem o início da discussão que deverá ocorrer em cada escola de enfermagem para que todas as enfermeiras brasileiras estejam preparadas para o caso de um desastre ocorrer.
Efeito do Desbaste e da Qualidade do Sítio na Relação Hipsométrica de Pinus taeda
Authors: David Hassan Camil , Arce Julio Eduardo , Netto Sylvio Péllico , Corte Ana Paula Dalla , Marinheski Filho Ataides , Araújo Emanuel José Gomes de
Published: April 2016

RESUMO Foi conduzido um experimento em povoamentos de Pinus taeda com objetivo de avaliar o efeito do desbaste e da qualidade do sítio na relação hipsométrica. Efetuou-se uma análise de variância em blocos casualizados, em que os blocos corresponderam aos sítios e os tratamentos, aos desbastes mistos, combinando os métodos sistemático e seletivo baixo, cortando uma a cada cinco linhas de plantio mais 66%, 54%, 42%, 30% e 19% de árvores do dossel inferior. Os desbastes ocorreram entre 8 e 9 anos de idade e, aos 12 anos, foram medidos o diâmetro e a altura das árvores remanescentes. A relação hipsométrica foi modelada e aplicado o teste de identidade de modelos de Graybill, para reduzir o número de modelos similares selecionados no mesmo bloco. Houve diferença estatística entre tratamentos e blocos. Concluiu-se que a hipsometria varia pouco entre tratamentos, mas reduz sua inclinação quando piora a qualidade do sítio. Equações hipsométricas iguais podem ser empregadas em diferentes tratamentos.
Frequência e fatores associado à disfagia após acidente vascular cerebral
Authors: Mourão Aline Mansueto , Lemos Stela Maris Aguiar , Almeida Erica Oliveira , Vicente Laélia Cristina Caseiro , Teixeira Antonio Lúcio
Published: April 2016

RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar a frequência de disfagia em pacientes acometidos por acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) e investigar possíveis fatores sociodemográficos e clínicos associados. Método: Trata-se de estudo descritivo do tipo transversal em que foram avaliados 100 pacientes admitidos com o diagnóstico de AVC no Hospital Público Regional de Minas Gerais. Dados sociodemográficos e clínicos foram obtidos, e os pacientes, submetidos à avaliação clínica da deglutição por meio da escala Gugging Swallowing Screen (GUSS). Resultados: A frequência da disfagia foi de 50%, sendo que a maioria dos pacientes apresentou alteração grave da deglutição. Apenas história pregressa de AVC mostrou associação com disfagia (p=0,02). Outras variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas não se associaram com disfagia, indicando que a localização e a fisiopatologia do AVC não influenciaram sua ocorrência e gravidade. Conclusão: A frequência de disfagia após o AVC é elevada, sendo o histórico de AVC importante fator de risco.
Programa de treinamento auditivo em portadores de zumbido
Authors: Tugumia Daniele , Samelli Alessandra Giannella , Matas Carla Gentile , Magliaro Fernanda Cristina Leite , Rabelo Camila Maia
Published: April 2016

RESUMO O zumbido pode ser definido como a percepção consciente de um som, sem a presença de estimulação acústica externa. Considerando o prejuízo causado pelo zumbido e a falta de tratamentos definitivos, fica evidente a necessidade de alternativas para reabilitação de pessoas com zumbido. A hipótese é que o treinamento auditivo pode causar uma reorganização plástica desse sistema, promovendo uma melhora do sintoma. Objetivo: Verificar o efeito de um programa de treinamento auditivo em portadores de zumbido na percepção desse sintoma. Métodos: Participaram 12 indivíduos portadores de zumbido, divididos em dois grupos: Grupo Estudo (GE) e Grupo Controle (GC). Todos os indivíduos realizaram: audiometria; avaliação eletrofisiológica; acufenometria; aplicação do Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) e avaliação do processamento auditivo (GIN - Gaps In Noise , Teste de Padrão de Frequência e Fala com Ruído). Após a avaliação, foram iniciados os treinamentos e o GE foi submetido ao treinamento auditivo formal enquanto o GC ao treinamento visual. Resultados: Na caracterização dos grupos não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significantes para as variáveis: idade, pitch e loudness do zumbido, nem para os limiares auditivos na audiometria convencional e altas frequências. Na comparação entre os grupos, pré e pós-treinamento, dos testes eletrofisiológicos, comportamentais e THI não houve diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre eles para nenhuma das avaliações realizadas. Conclusão: Achados não mostraram diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os grupos na comparação entre pré e pós-treinamento (auditivo ou visual), tanto para os achados eletrofisiológicos quanto para a avaliação comportamental do processamento auditivo e para o THI, embora diferenças pontuais na análise individual tenham ocorrido.