bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficiency Enhancement through Decision Support Based on Data Mining
Authors: Sara Aghvami S. , Shandiz Heidar T. , Jahed Motlagh M.R.
Published: December 2011

In this paper, Data Mining is applied to develop the idea of directing an industrial process to be placed in a better state of operation, so the efficiency would be increased. A clustering algorithm, (Modified K-Means) is used to determine the patterns of interest, i.e. the nearest operating state in the history of the process data, on which the efficiency is higher than the current state of the process. Then, like what happens in a decision support mechanism, controllable variable of the current operating state is suggested to be changed to meet the ones of the desired pattern
Fabrication of Artificial Intervertebral Spacer by Functionally Graded Zirconia
Authors: Fujii T. , Asaoka Teruo
Published: December 2011

When problems with the spine of the human body occur, symptoms such as pain and numbness arise, causing impediments to everyday life. In addition, when these symptoms are severe, surgery is required. In recent years, the number of spinal operations performed has tended to increase, and accordingly, there has been an increase in the number of the spinal spacers used in fusion surgeries.In this study, we focused on zirconia as a spacer material because it is superior in terms of strength, toughness, and frictional wear characteristics and does not cause a foreign body response such as metal allergy. Therefore, our purpose was to make adjustments for mechanical characteristics that were suitable for use in spacers by combining a dense structure of zirconia with a porous structure. A further purpose was to fabricate a spinal spacer capable of strong, direct bonding with vertebrae. During the fabrication we packed a powdered mixture of zirconia powder and carbon, the source of the pores, and sintered this using a spark plasma sintering method. Thereafter, the source of the pores was eliminated by heating, and bioactivity was provided by immersion in an aqueous solution of NaOH. Observations and analysis made using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) allowed us to fabricate materials suitable for our purposes. We are reporting this method as well as the stress occurring at the interface of the layers.
Development of a Targeted Drug Delivery System: Monoclonal Antibodies Adsorption onto Bonelike Hydroxyapatite Nanocrystal Surface
Authors: Varoni Elena Maria , Iafisco Michele , Rimondini Lia , Prat Maria
Published: December 2011

Together with cancer biomarker advance, nanotechnology could lead to a “personalized oncology”, where early tumour detection and diagnosis are more and more specific. A nanosized drug delivery system is mainly composed of three fundamental elements: i) a drug nanocarrier (1-100 nm), ii) an anti-cancer drug; iii) an active targeting molecule, recognizing a tumour associated marker expressed at the cell surface. In our study we used: i) hydroxyapatite nanocrystals (HA-NC), for its properties of large specific surface area, hydrophilicity and biodegradability with very low toxicity and ii) monoclonal antibodies (mAb), directed against CAR-3, a mucin tumour associated surface antigen, and against the Met/HGF-R, both of which are overexpressed on human carcinomas. In our study, nanosized HA-NC, poorly aggregating and biomimetic, were synthetised and characterized. After a preliminary isothermal adsorption of human polyclonal IgG, we functionalized HA-NC, coated or not with protein A (Prot A), with the two mAbs. IgG and Prot A isothermal adsorption curves were obtained; mAb absorption was achieved and prelimary Prot A coating appeared not to improve HA-NC loading capacity. IgG conformation onto HA-NC was investigated by means of Fourier Transformed InfraRed Spectroscopy, revealing a preferential binding with the constant antibody domain, and exposition of the variable domain, involved in antigen binding, on the biomaterial surface. These immunocomplexes are confirmed to be potentially used as targeted drug delivery system.
Study of Self-Compacting Fly Ash Concrete Using Silica Fume Admixture
Authors: Parasivamurthy Prakash , Jawali Veena , Venkatakrisna Pramod Aralumallige
Published: December 2011

Concrete is the key material used in construction of various types, from flooring of a dwelling to multi-storied high rise structures, from pathways to an airport runways, from under ground tunnels and deep sea platforms to high-rise chimneys and towers. The greatest challenge in this millennium, especially in developing country like India, it needs to build concrete structures in quicker time, so as to meet high infrastructural demand. In order to achieve this, concrete construction practices will have to undergo a sea-change in the country. The study was focused on development of self-compacting concrete using high volume fly ash, admixed with quary dust and Silica fume. The objective of the study included evaluation of properties, viz. compressive strength, weight change observations in sulphate environment and resistance to chloride ion penetration. Several trial mixes were tested before optimizing the three Self-Compacting Concrete mixes based on binary and ternary blends. The strength variation of individual cubes in each of the mixes has been observed to be in the range of 28 to 46 MPa. Self-compacting concrete using high volume flyash, admixed with quary dust and Silica fume mixes have performed extremely well in aggressive chloride environments. Samples cured for 90 days and exposed to sulphate environment had reduced strengths compared to those cured in tap water, in all the blends. But the percentage reduction is lower in case of ternary blends as compared to control concrete. Keywords: Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC), Compressive Strength, High volume flyash, Quary dust, Silica fume, Supplementary Cementious Material (SCM).
Al-Li Alloy 2099-T83 Extrusions: Static Mechanical Properties, Microstructure and Texture
Authors: Bois-Brochu Alexandre , Goma Franck Armel Tchitembo , Blais Carl , Larouche Daniel , Gauvin Raynald , Boselli Julien
Published: December 2011

Utilization of aluminium-lithium alloys in aerospace applications requires an understanding of how processing and product geometry impact their microstructure, crystallographic texture and mechanical properties. In this paper, the effect of various microstructural features as well as deformation textures on the static mechanical properties of Al-Li extruded components has been investigated. These relationships are discussed with regard to two 2099-T83 extruded sections, i.e. a cylindrical extrusion and an integrally stiffened panel (ISP). The ISP typically shows an unrecrystallized microstructure with varying texture depending on the location along its cross section while the cylindrical extrusions present a strong fibre texture. The anisotropy is noticeable in tensile and compressive tests for both types of extrusions.
Strengthening by Addition of Refractory Elements to Ni3(Si,Ti) Intermetallic Alloys
Authors: Imajo Daiki , Kaneno Yasuyuki , Takasugi Takayuki
Published: December 2011

Two atomic percent of refractory elements Ta and Re were added to an L12-type Ni3(Si,Ti) intermetallic alloy in two methods of substituting for Ni or Ti. Alloying effect and substitutional behavior of the refractory elements on microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated. All the alloys were doped with 50 wt.ppm boron to suppress intergranular fracture. The Ta-added Ni3(Si,Ti) alloys showed an entire or almost L12 single-phase microstructure. Their hardness was enhanced due to solid solution hardening which was primarily caused by the atomic size misfit. Also, the yield stress and tensile strength of the alloy where Ta was added by substituting for Ti, increased keeping a high level of tensile elongation. The Re-added Ni3(Si,Ti) alloys showed a two-or three-phase microstructure containing fine Re-rich dispersions. The Re-added alloys exhibited relatively small grain size, and showed significantly high yield stress and ultimate tensile strength with a high level of tensile elongation.
Numerical Simulation of Solidification Behavior and Grain Structure for Multi-Crystalline Silicon Casting and its Experimental Verification
Authors: Liu Jen Yao , Hwang Weng Sing , Huang Jing Wei , Chang Ya Wen
Published: December 2011

The quality of multi-crystalline silicon ingot from casting process by heat exchange method (HEM) is significantly affected by the cooling condition and the design of the hot-zone. The shape of the liquid-solid interface has great impact on the direction and orientation of grain growth and the occurrence of defects such as dislocations, impurities segregation, and residual thermal stresses. In this study, the temperature variation/distribution of crystallization process of silicon ingot is investigated through numerical simulation and compared with experimental measurements. In HEM system, the temperature variation/distribution is affected by the adiabatic condition of the furnace and temperature curves of the heaters in the furnace. Incorporated with the Cellular Automaton (CA) method and residual thermal stress computation, the grain structures are also simulated. The different slices of the practical silicon ingot are then compared with the results of grain growth simulation to verify the accuracy of the numerical system. With the numerical system validated, various designs and operating conditions can then be numerically evaluated to obtain the optimal design and operation.
Microstructure Evolution in an Al-Cu-Mg-Ag Alloy during ECAP at 300°C
Authors: Gazizov Marat , Kaibyshev Rustam
Published: December 2011

A novel Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy with small additions of zirconium and scandium was subjected to equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) by using route BC at 300°C to strains ranging from ~1 to ~12. Initially, the alloy was subjected to solution treatment followed by water quenching; subsequent overageing was carried out at 380°C for 3 h. It was shown that continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX) occurs during ECAP resulting in partially recrystallized structure; at a total strain of ~12, the portion of high-angle boundaries (HAB) attains 50 pct., average misorientation is ~25°. Crystallites having elongated shape and an average size of ~1 μm are evolved after a total strain of ~12.
Effects of Minor Elements X(X=Mo, Ni, Ti) on Aympotic Behavior along Peak Top of the Major Elenet in Fe-Cr Type Alloys
Authors: Takemoto Norihisa , Saito Yoshiyuki
Published: December 2011

Numerical simulations of phase separation in Fe-Cr-Mo and Fe-Cr-Ti ternary alloys and Fe-Cr-Mo-Ti quaternary alloys were performed with use of the Cahn-Hilliard equation for ternary alloys and quaternary alloys. We obtained that the asymptotic behaviours of minor element X(Mo, Ti) in Fe-Cr-X ternary alloys and Fe-Cr-Mo-Ti quaternary alloys along a trajectory of a peak top of the major element Cr was classified into three groups according to the sign of the second derivative of the chemical free energy with respect to the compositions of Cr and X(Mo, Ti). Theoretical analysis for the symptotic behavior Mo in Fe-Cr-Mo ternary has been formed in order to discuss the simulation results. Effect of the other elements, such as Ti on separation behaviours of Cr in Fe-Cr-Ti ternary alloys were also investigated. A simple theory for describing the effect of subsutitutonal element in Fe-Cr-X ternary alloys on the basis of simulations and theoretical analyses was proposed.
Direct Patterning by Inkjet Printing 3-Mercaptopropionic Capped Nano Silver Suspension
Authors: Liu Yu Feng , Hwang Weng Sing , Pai Yen Fang , Tsai Ming Hsu
Published: December 2011

All-printed electronics as a mean of fast processing and achieving ultra-low-cost electronic devices has attracted great interest in recent years. Inkjet printing has excelled as the most promising technique by which the circuit components can be directly drawn on the specific area in one step. Furthermore, the low temperature reduction processes can be achieved by exploit the low-melting point characteristic of nanometallic particles. The inkjet printing technique to deposit silver nanoparticles (3.39±1.21 nm) capped by saturated 3-Mercaptopropionic acid onto silicon substrate was studied. The silver patterns were tested for its functionality as circuit components like conductor, resistor and capacitor. All components can be produced simply by thermal annealing of an inkjet printed patterns under an atmosphere of 90% N2-10% H2 at 300°C for 1 hr.
Structure and Magnetic Properties of Mn-Zn Ferrite Synthesized by Glycine-Nitrate Auto-Combustion Process
Authors: Mirshekari Gholam Reza , Daee Shiva Sadat , Mohseni Hossein , Torkian Sima , Ghasemi Mehri , Ameriannejad Moosa , Hoseinizade Molood , Pirnia Mohammad , Pourjafar Danial , Pourmahdavi Maryam , Gheisari Khalilollah
Published: December 2011

Manganese-Zinc ferrites belong to the group of soft ferrite materials characterized by high magnetic permeability and low power loses. These materials are mainly used as cores for inductors, transformers, recording heads and noise filters among others. In this study, nanocrystalline Mn-Zn ferrite with the chemical formula Mn1-xZnxFe2O4withx=0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 has been successfully synthesized by glycine-nitrate auto-combustion process using glycine as a fuel and nitrates as oxidants. The structures and magnetic properties of the resulting powder were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). It is revealed from the XRD pattern than a significant amount nanocrystalline Mn1-xZnxFe2O4ferrite with average crystallite size in the range 43.25-66.7 nm has been formed. The magnetic measurement gives a typical value of saturation magnetic of 34-69 emu/g and coercivity of 40-60 Oe.
HRTEM Observation of Alpha-Phase in Al Added 60/40 Cu-Zn Alloy
Authors: Maeda Akihiro , Matsuda Kenji , Nakamura Junya , Kawabata Tokimasa , Ikeno Susumu , Uetani Yasuhiro
Published: December 2011

The effect of Al-addition on the mechanism of phase decomposition from β1to α-phase in Cu-40at.%Zn alloy (base alloy) has been investigated using hardness measurement and HRTEM observation. The peak hardness during annealing and the number density of α-phase in Al-bearing alloy were the same as those in the base alloy. Many striations which have been considered as the periodicity of 9R structure were observed in the α-phase of the Al-bearing alloy. There were a lot of striations in the α-phase at the early annealing time, and the number of these striations decreased with increasing annealing time. The rate of decreasing of this striation in the α-phase of the Al-bearing alloy was the slower than that of the base alloy. According to the analysis of the selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns obtained for these α-phase in those alloys, transition time from the 9R structure to fcc structure t (9R-fcc) of has been detected by the changing of angles in SAED patterns. The t (9R-fcc) of α-phase in the Al-bearing alloy showed the slower than the base alloy.
Influence of HPT or Rolling on Age-Hardening in Al-Mg-Si Alloys
Authors: Nagai Takeshi , Matsuda Kenji , Nakamura Junya , Ikeno Susumu , Kawabata Tokimasa , Akama Daichi , Horita Z. , Hirosawa Shoichi
Published: December 2011

Severe plastic deformation (SPD) techniques, such as equal channel angular pressing (ECAP), accumulative roll bonding (ARB) and high pressure torsion (HPT), have been extensively researched to achieve. SPD process makes use of the plastic deformation where no change in the cross-sectional dimension of a work piece occurs during straining. In this work, the effect of HPTed or rolled on aging behavior and microstructure in Al-Mg-Si alloys were investigated. The results show that processing by HPTed leads to significant grain refinement with a grain size of ~400nm. Age-hardening phenomenon was confirmed at 343K and 373K but not at 423K for the HPTed Al-Mg-Si alloy. For the rolled alloys, there is little difference between the hardness of the alloys with different rolling rate. On the other hand, crystal grain with high dislocation density and grain boundary precipitates are observed with TEM analysis for HPTed samples aged at 473 K.
Design of Active Bias Sma Actuators for Morphing Wing Applications
Authors: Georges Thomas , Brailovski Vladimir , Terriault Patrick
Published: December 2011

Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) can provide compact and effective actuation for a variety of mechanical systems. Generally speaking, SMA-driven actuator systems can be divided into three subsystems: a) SMA active element, b) the transmission and c) a bias element. In respect to the type of bias, two actuator configurations can be distinguished: passive bias actuators where the SMA active element is coupled with an elastic bias element (spring), and active bias actuators in which two SMA active elements are connected together. This work is focused on designing an SMA actuator using active bias elements for morphing wing applications. Keywords: SMA actuator, active bias, antagonist, design, morphing wing
Cold Workability, Mechanical Properties, Pseoudoelastic and Shape Memory Response of Silver Added Ti-5Cr Alloys
Authors: Wadood Abdul , Inamura Tomonari , Hosoda Hideki , Miyazaki Shuichi
Published: December 2011

In order to develop new nickel-free biomedical Ti-based alloys, effect of silver additions on mechanical properties of Ti-5Cr (mol%) alloy was investigated. Cold workability of Ti-5Cr alloy was 5% in thickness reduction and the cold rolling reduction was improved to be 38% by 2mol% Ag addition and 96% by 4mol%Ag addition. The improvement was due to β phase stabilization. From the XRD results, α’ martensite was the dominant phase in Ti-5Cr-2Ag alloy and β phase was the dominant phase in Ti-5Cr-4Ag alloy. By tensile tests, Ti-5Cr-4Ag alloy showed good strength of 447 MPa in ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and ductility of 13% in fracture strain. Ti-5Cr-4Ag showed higher hardness of HV398 than Ti-5Cr-2Ag with HV288. The hardening by increase of Ag is probably due to the solid solution strengthening. By the cyclic loading-unloading tensile tests with a constant strain increment, Ti-5Cr-4Ag showed pseoudoelastic behavior. Ti-5Cr-4Ag also showed shape memory effect with 57% in shape recovery ratio. It is concluded that Ti-5Cr-4Ag is hopeful as a new non-allergic shape memory material for biomedical applications.
TEM Observation of Cu and Ag Addition Al-Mg-Si Alloys
Authors: Tokuda Momoko , Matsuda Kenji , Nagai Takeshi , Nakamura Junya , Kawabata Tokimasa , Ikeno Susumu
Published: December 2011

It has been known that Cu-and Ag-addition Al-1.0mass%Mg2Si alloys (Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy and Al-Mg-Si-Ag alloy) have higher hardness and elongation than those of Al-1.0mass%Mg2Si alloy. In this study, the aging behaviour of Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy, Al-Mg-Si-Ag alloy and (Cu+Ag)-addition Al-1.0 mass% Mg2Si alloy (Al –Mg –Si-Cu-Ag alloy) has been investigated by hardness test and TEM observation. The Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Ag alloy has the fastest age-hardening rate in the early aging period and the finest microstructure at the peak hardness among three alloys. Therefore the microstructure of the precipitate in Al–Mg–Si-Cu-Ag alloy has been investigated by HRTEM observation to understand the effect of Cu and Ag addition on aging precipitation.
Surface Treatment Influence on the Mechanical Behavior of Jute Fiber Reinforced Composites
Authors: Byeon J.M. , Nam Gi Beop , Kim J.W. , Kim B.S. , Song Jung I.
Published: December 2011

In this study, Jute fibers reinforced polypropylene (JFRP) composites were manufactured by injection molding technique. Prior to fabrication of composites, fiber surface was treated by Alkali and Plasma for a rise in fibers properties. Furthermore, after the alkali treatment attempt plasma treatment for the fiber surface treatment to obtain a batter value. In order to improve the affinity and adhesion between fibers and thermoplastic matrices during manufacturing, Maleic anhydride (MA) as a coupling agent have been employed. Untreated and treated surfaces of jute fibers were characterized using SEM. Tensile and flexural tests were carried out to evaluate the composite mechanical properties. Tensile test indicated that 3% of the alkali treatment and 2min plasma treatment fiber has highest tensile strength.
Study on the Effect of Thickness on Structural and Optical Properties of Nanocrystalline Bismuth Ferrite (BiFeO3) Thin Films
Authors: Singh Soram Bobby , Singh Ng Boinis , Sharma H. Basantakumar
Published: December 2011

Nanocrystalline Bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) thin films of different thickness were deposited on glass substrates using sol-gel processing technique. The effect of thickness on structural and optical properties of BiFeO3thin films has been studied. The as-fired films were found to be amorphous that crystallized to hexagonal structure after annealing at 500°C for 2hr in air. The XRD pattern shows that the samples are polycrystalline in structure. At low annealing temperature (400°C), the thick film samples show amorphous in nature while thinner film shows some crystallinity with the presences of impurity phases. At high annealing temperature, all the samples show single phase distorted perovskite BiFeO3structure. The AFM photograph reveals that there is an increase in the grain size with the increase in film thickness. Optical transmittance spectra shows that, with the increase in film thickness, there is a decrease in transmittance (T%). Further, it is observed that increase in film thickness would lead to the decrease in optical energy band gap of the samples. The effect of thickness on the photoluminescent properties of BiFeO3films have also been studied for their possible application in nanoscale optoelectronic devices.
The Influence of Processing on Microstructural Development, Tensile Response and Fracture Behavior of Aluminum Alloy 5083
Authors: Topping Troy D. , Li Ying , Lavernia Enrique J. , Manigandan K. , Srivatsan T.S.
Published: December 2011

In this paper, the specific influence of quasi-isostatic forging and rolling of cryomilled powder on microstructural development and resultant tensile deformation and fracture behavior of aluminum alloy 5083 is highlighted and comparison made with the coarse grained counterpart. The specific influence and contribution of strain hardening to enhancing strength of the ultra-fine grain microstructure of the aluminum alloy is presented and discussed. It is shown that the capability of the ultra fine grain microstructure to recover strength through the mechanism of work hardening is quite similar to the conventionally processed counterpart. The influence and role of intrinsic microstructural features in governing tensile deformation and fracture behavior is elaborated upon. The viable microscopic mechanisms governing final fracture behavior is discussed in light of the competing and mutually interactive influences of nature of loading, intrinsic microstructural effects, and deformation kinetics. Key Words: aluminum alloy 5083, processing, microstructure, tensile properties, fracture
Adsorption of Ammonium Sulfate Using Fabricated Zeolite from Waste Sludge of Water Treatment Plant
Authors: Sombatsompop Kwannate , Jeensawak Thun , Sonpai Pongsachan , Wangbooncong Adithep , Wongwichien Jeatana , Asavapisit Suwimol
Published: December 2011

This work studied an adsorption of ammonium sulfate (NH4)2SO4 from synthesized zeolite, with 3M NaOH at temperature of 90°C for 9 h, from waste sludge of water treatment plant. The scanning electron microscopic analysis revealed that the synthesized zeolite was observed to be cubic in shape. For adsorption capacity, the pH was varied at 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8, the contact times used were 0, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45 and 60 min, and the initial (NH4)2SO4 concentrations used ranged from 60-120 mg/L. The recommended pH and contact time were 8 and 15 min, respectively. Adsorption isotherm for synthesized zeolite was fitted to Langmuir model more effectively than Freundlich model. The K values for Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm was 0.061 and 1.751 L/mg with R2 values of 0.989 and 0.965, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity was 9.597 mg/g obtained by the Langmuir isotherm. The work has concluded that the fabricated zeolite could successfully be used for adsorption of ammonium sulfate.
Tribological Properties of Flame Sprayed Hexagonal Boron Nitride/Polyetheretherketone Coatings
Authors: Tharajak Jirasak , Palathai Tippaban , Sombatsompop Narongrit
Published: December 2011

Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN)/polyetheretherketone (PEEK) composite powders were deposited on carbon steel substrate via the flame spray coating technique. The content of hexagonal boron nitride with a mean particle size of 0.5 micrometer was varied from 2 to 8 wt% in this work. Tribological properties, namely specific wear rate and friction coefficient, at room temperature, 100 °C and 200°C were performed using Ball-on-Disc sliding wear test. At elevated temperature, h-BN could result in marked decrease in the friction coefficients and specific wear rates.
Effects of Emulsion Electrospinning Parameters on the Morphology and Structure of Core-Shell Structured PLLA Fibers
Authors: Zhang Xin , Wang Min
Published: December 2011

Electrospinning is a popular technique for producing micro-or nanofibers for diverse applications including filtration, catalysis, sensors, cosmetics, wound dressing and tissue engineering. In some applications such as controlled drug/biomolecule delivery, core-shell structured nanofibers are desired. There are two major electrospinning processes for making core-shell structured fibers: emulsion electrospinning and coaxial electrospinning. In this study, the formation of core-shell structured fibers of poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA) through emulsion electrospinning was investigated. To study the electrospinability of emulsions based on PLLA solutions, two solvents, pure chloroform and mixed solvent of chloroform and N,N-dimethylformamide, were used separately for making PLLA solutions. In the study of the formation of controlled release systems for biomolecules, bovine serum albumin, a model protein, was dissolved in de-ionized water to make the water phase in emulsions. In emulsion electrospinning, parameters such as applied voltage, working distance and feeding rate, were systematically investigated. The morphology, diameter and core-shell structure of emulsion electrospun fibers was studied using electron microscopies.
Effect of Heat Treatment on Chemical Structure of a Bio-Filler from Vetiver Grass
Authors: Sutapun Wimonlak , Ruksakulpiwat Yupaporn , Suppakarn Nitinat
Published: December 2011

In this work, the effect of heat treatment on chemical and crystalline structure of vetiver powder was studied. The vetiver powder was heat treated at 170°C, the temperature below thermal decomposition of hemicellulose, for 2-6 hours. The chemical structure, crystalline structure, and thermal decomposition of untreated and heat-treated vetiver were examined via FTIR spectrometer X-ray diffractometer, and thermogravimetric analyzer, respectively. In addition, the particle size and size distribution, fiber surface, and specific surface area were investigated by particle size analyzer, scanning electron microscope, and BET surface analyzer, repectively. It was founded that some waxes, lignin, and hemicellulose were removed by the thermal treatment. This resulted in smaller particle size of heat-treated vetivers. In addition, moisture content was minimized from 7 to 4 wt% by the treatment. However, removal of those compositions did not influence crystal structure of cellulose and surface functional groups of heat-treated vetiver.
Preparation of Lithium Orthosilicate Ceramic Pebbles by Molten Spray Method Process
Authors: Huang Yuan Feng , Tang Hua , Li Jun , Hu Jin , Zhu Xiao Qin , Zhang Wei Jun , Shen Li , Qing Luo Xiao
Published: December 2011

Lithium orthosilicate (Li4SiO4) ceramic pebbles was prepared by molten spray process, using lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) and silica (SiO2) as raw material. The XRD experimental investigation results showed that the main crystal phase of the ceramic pebbles is Li4SiO4with small amount of impurity phase, Li2SiO3, and some unreacted SiO2. The average pebbles size is 0.22mm. The sphericity of the pebble is 99%.
Hydrothermal Synthesis, Photoluminescence Property and Superhydrophobicity of In(OH)3
Authors: Hu Ya Wei , He Hui Rong , Ma Yang Min
Published: December 2011

In this work, we fabricated indium hydroxide (In (OH)3) nanocubes from In (NO3)3 and urea through hydrothermal method. NH4OH form the hydrolysis of urea acts as the OH¯ provider. The resultant products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscope (SEM), photoluminescence (PL) spectra and contact angle meter. It was observed that the In (OH)3 nanocubes showed superhydrophobicity with water contact angle 161.9° after modified with fluoroalkylsilane (FAS, CF3(CF2)7CH2CH2Si (OCH3)3), and exhibited PL peak at about 529 nm, corresponding to the deep level emission.
Effect of TiCl4 Concentration and Acidity on Size and Phase of TiO2 Nanopowders Prepared by Non-Hydrolytic Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Sun Jian , Wang Yan Xiang , Li Xiao Yan
Published: December 2011

TiO2nanopowders were synthesized by non-hydrolytic sol−gel method. Effects of TiCl4concentration and acidity on the properties of TiO2nanopowders were investigated. The results showed that the average grain size of TiO2decreased with the increasing of TiCl4concentration. H+can inhibit the growth of TiO2particles and Cl-is conducive to the formation of rutile phase. When 2.06M HCl was used as the reaction solution, TiO2microspheres with diameter 2μm was obtained, and TiO2microspheres was composed of anatase and rutile phase.
Electrical Characteristics and Microstructures of Dy-Doped Bi4Ti3O12 Ceramics
Authors: Mei X.A. , Chen Min , Liu R.F. , Sun Y.H. , Liu J.
Published: December 2011

The electrical properties of Dy-bismuth titanate (Bi4-xDyxTi3O12) prepared by a conventional ceramic technique have been investigated. At applied d.c. field below 200V/mm, the current-voltage curve of Dy-doped sample exhibits a simple ohmic behavior. The impedance spectrum of Dy-doped sample indicates that consist of semiconducting grain and moderately insulating grain boundary regions. XRD, SEM and EPMA analyses reveal crystalline phase characterized by a Bi-layered perovskite structure of Bi4Ti3O12and the distribution of every element is uniform. Dy-doped sample exhibit randomly oriented and plate-like morphology.
Spark Plasma Sintering of Two Commercial Al2O3 Powders
Authors: Liu Zhen Hua , Ma Qin , Lu Jin Jun
Published: December 2011

Al2O3 ceramic is prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS) using two commercial α-Al2O3 powders at elevated sintering temperature. The relative density and average grain size of the prepared Al2O3 ceramics are measured and compared. One α-Al2O3 powder has good sintering property because the relative density of the prepared α-Al2O3 ceramic is higher than 97% while another α-Al2O3 powder has poor sintering property.
Preparation of TiO2 Nanopowders by Solvothermal Synthesis
Authors: Sun Jian , Wang Yan Xiang , Li Xiao Yan
Published: December 2011

TiO2 nanopowders were synthesized by solvothermal synthesis method. Effects of different solvents and dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid sodium on the properties of TiO2 nanopowders were investigated. The formation mechanism of TiO2 microflowers was discussed. The results showed that with the increasing of carbon chain of alcohol, the diameter of TiO2 nanopowders increased. Flowers-like TiO2 nanostructures were produced with 0.115M SDBS. Flowers-like TiO2 nanostructures were composed of TiO2 cuboid nanorods, and the length, width and thickness of cuboid nanorods were 1 ~ 2 μm, 100nm and 100nm, respectively.
Influence of Preparation Parameters on the New NSR Catalyst Support Material
Authors: Zhang Wei Jun , Huang Yuan Feng , Shen Li , Liu Jun , Luo Xiao Qing , Hu Jin
Published: December 2011

A series of Ba-Al-O/NSR supports were prepared by co-precipitation in this work. The effect of Al/Ba atomic ratio and calcination temperature on the structure and texture of the supports was investigated carefully. The XRD spectra show that Ba is mainly exist in the form of BaAl2O4, and Al exists in Al2O3. The results of SBET indicate that the supports possess relative high specific surface area (70~150 m2/g). The effect of different parameters on the process of supports synthesized was investigated carefully. The results show that the structure and specific surface area of support is significantly depended on calcination temperature.
Formation of Carbon with One-Dimensional Nanostructure on the Surface of Graphite Coated by Ni-Salt
Authors: Wu Jian Fang , Gu Hua Zhi , Kou Lin Sheng
Published: December 2011

In this paper, the catalyst precursors were coated on the surface of natural flake graphite with micron size by liquid coating method. Carbon with one-dimensional nanostructures formed on the surface of graphite after the heat treatment of the mixture of phenolic resin and coated graphite. The effects of the forms and amounts of catalyst precursors and the temperature on the formation of carbon with one-dimensional nanostructures were studied. And the thermal conductivities of the samples were measured. The results showed that the catalyst precursor with the form of NiO would be better. And the optimum amounts of the catalyst precursor were 1mass % ~2 mass % of resin. It was not conducive to the reaction when the temperature was too low or too high, but 1100°C was appropriate. The thermal conductivities of samples were increasing with the increase of the qualities of carbon with one-dimensional nanostructure.
Effect of CTBN on Properties of Oxide Graphene/Epoxy Resin Composites
Authors: Ouyang Chun Fa , Gao Qun , Shi Yu Tao , Li Wen Tao
Published: December 2011

The effect of liquid carboxyl terminated butadiene acrylonitrile copolymer (CTBN) on the properties of oxide graphene (OG) /epoxy resin (EP) composite has been studied. The results show that oscillations process can greatly increase the tensile strength, shear strength and hardness of the composites, for the compatibility between the EP and the OG can be greatly improved after oscillations. Infra-red analysis shows that CTBN reacts with EP to form ester group. The tensile strength of the EP decrease, and the elongation at break increase, as more and more CTBN added. The tensile strength of the OG/EP composite is 14.37 MPa, while that of CTBN/OG/EP (15/0.001/100) composite is 4.84 MPa.
Heavy Metals Leaching Experiment from the Pyritic Tailings by the T.F and T.T Bacterias
Authors: Zhang Wei Wei , Li Chao , Li Dong Wei
Published: December 2011

The produced and extraction process of pyritic would generate a large amount of pyritic mineral processing solid waste. This kind of waste can lead to land occupation, and contaminate the local water, air and soil. Therefore, in this paper, Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and Thiobacillus thiooxidans are used to deal with the pyritic mineral processing solid waste. The particles, catalysts and bioleaching products between microorganism and pyritic mineral processing solid wast were studied. It is indicated that the microorganism growth and the heavy metals leaching efficiency involve biological and chemical interactions. The experimental results suggested that the T.t was best to bioleach the pyritic mineral processing solid waste, and the efficiency of T.f was worse than that of T.t. The leaching effect of mixed bacterias of T.t and T.f fell in between, the leaching rate would decrease when the pulp density increased. The micro-morphology of bacteria was observed by SEM detector, the single cellular dimension of bioleaching bactreia was about (1~2) μm × (0.2~0.5) μm.
The Land Ecological Restoration of Subsidence Area in Panji Coal Mine
Authors: Qiu Han Zhou , Jin Xiao Ling , Hu Xi Jun
Published: December 2011

Panji is rich in coal reserves. The rapid development of social economy and increasing mining scales cause the subsided land, bulk deposition of solid waste, soil, water and air pollution, crop yield reduction or crop failure and ecological deterioration, which endanger the living and development of people in the mining area. Based on the current situation of subsidence area and evaluation of land reclamation potentiality, this paper puts forward the establishment of land ecological economic pattern and the application to ecological project to improve land condition, cultivate land resource potentiality and restore the service function and species diversity of ecological system in the subsidence area of Panji Coal Mine in order to provide reference for ecological, economic and social sustainable development in Panji.
Cement Kiln, a Universal Disposal for Cr-Contaminated Soil?
Authors: Chen Ji Da , Liao Shi Guo , Xie Bin , Zhang Li Wei , Wang Tian Hui , Yang Jian
Published: December 2011

Cement kiln co-processing technology is one of powerful method for disposal soild hazardous waste internationally owing to advantages of economic and environmental friend. However, It seems to be abused in brownfield remediation in Chongqing recently, for instance, it is ubiquitously recommeded or pratically applied for disposal chromium conteminated soil. To help local environmental protection departments clarify the advantages and limitations of cement kiln for Cr-contaminated soil treatment, this paper focuses on advantages and the negative effects of co-polluters in Cr-contaminated soil.
The Effects of Rolling and Annealing on the High Speed Impact Deformation Behavior of Mg-3%Li-1%Ce Alloy
Authors: Liu Teng , Sha Gui Ying , Wang He Nan , Wang Xiao Lei , Zhu Yu Hong
Published: December 2011

In this paper, the effects of rolling and annealing on the high speed impact deformation behavior of the Mg-3%Li-1%Ce alloy were investigated by using the Hopkinson compressive bar. The results showed that the microstructures of the as-rolled alloy consisted mainly of deformed grains, with some secondary Mg12Ce particles in grain interior or on grain boundary. After annealing at 350 °C for one hour, static recrystallization happened and grains were significantly refined. For the annealed alloy, the impact stress-strain behavior is non-sensitive to strain rate in the strain rate range of 1000~1750 s-1. Under the strain rate of 2250 s-1, the dynamic behavior demonstrated negative strain rate effect. The occurrence of cracking was supposed to be the main reason for the strain rate softening effect.
Plasticity and Fracture Mechanism of Refine-Grain AZ31 Magnesium Alloys Sheet
Authors: Wang Bo Jian , Zhang Yao Dan , Li Shan
Published: December 2011

In this paper, the microstructure and mechanical properties of refine-grain AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets was investigated upon annealing under different temperature. Plasticity and fracture mechanism of refine-grain AZ31 magnesium alloy sheet was discussed.
Measure of the Photosynthetic Efficiency of the Ficus Altissima Leaves by Using Photo-Acoustic Tomography Spectroscopy Technology
Authors: Lie Guang Hua , Lie Gan Wen , Tang Zhi Lie , Yang Ting , Dong Wei , Tang Xiu Wen , Liao Yan Fei
Published: December 2011

By using a new kind of single-beam normalized photo-acoustic tomography spectroscopy (PAS-CT) technology with non-damage and weak signals detection, the photo-acoustic tomography spectroscopy, optical absorption properties and photosynthetic pigment content of the green and yellow leaves of Ficus altissima were studied. The results showed that: photo-acoustic tomography spectroscopy could be obtained from different chopping frequency. The more photosynthetic pigment content the leaves of Ficus altissima contain, the bigger optical absorption coefficient and the higher photosynthetic efficiency they have. In the research, we could find that the photosynthetic pigment content of the yellow leaves of Ficus altissma is lower than that of the green ones. As a result, the optical absorption coefficient and the photosynthetic efficiency of the yellow ones were smaller and lower than the green ones. The photo-acoustic tomography spectroscopy technology can be a kind of non-damage detection to confirm the growth of trees. It could make benefits to the controlled environmental forestry and increase forest production to meet the need of forest for 6 billion people. The research showed high practical value to the study and application of the photosynthesis of plants.
Study of Self-Assembled Monolayers of Stearic Acid on Pure Magnesium Surface
Authors: Qiao Li Ying , Gao Jia Cheng , Wang Yong , Xie Feng Yu
Published: December 2011

In this paper, self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of stearic acid (SA) surface treatment on pure magnesium were studied to improve bioactivity and corrosion resistance of pure Mg. Three pre-treatment methods (HCl-NaOH treatment, alkali-heat treatment and heat treatment) were used. SAMs treated samples were soaked in simulated body fluid (SBF) and untreated samples were taken as control. The pH variation of SBF solution was examined everyday. The electrochemical property of treated and untreated samples was tested to evaluate the anticorrosion performance of organic surface layer. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis were performed to observe the surface appearance and to identify the composition and phases of samples. The results showed that stearic acid SAMs had successfully been assembled on the surface of the samples, which had a good effect on corrosion resistance of materials and decreased the electric current density of SAM-sample 1% to that untreated sample; SAM inhibited the form of Mg(OH)2 and had a good influence on bioactivities of pure magnesium.
Effect of Two Diferrent Mesogens on Liquid-Crystalline Properties of Chiral Side-Chain Liquid-Crystalline Polysiloxanes
Authors: Wang Ji Wei , Zi Jun Qing , He Li Xian , Chen Guang Yong , Yang Yan Zhong
Published: December 2011

Abstract. A series of liquid crystalline polysiloxanes were synthesized by cholesteric LC monomer and nematic LC monomer. The chemical structures and liquid-crystalline properties of the monomers and polymers were characterized by various experimental techniques including Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (1H-NMR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) , X-ray diffraction measurements (XRD) and polarizing optical microscopy (POM). All the liquid crystalline polymers showed liquid crystalline properties with wide mesophase temperature ranges. For the polymers bearing only of one nematic LC monomer, it showed nematic phase, while others showed cholesteric phase. With increase the content of nematic LC monomer in the polymers from P1 to P7, the glass transition temperature and the isotropic temperature increased on heating circles. Reflection spectra of cholesteric mesophase of the series of polymers showed that the reflected wavelength shifted to long wavelength with increase content of nematic LC monomer in the polymers in the polymer systems, suggesting that helical pitch (P) become long.
Experimental Study on the Effect of Steel-Tube Replacement Ratio on the Eccentric Compression Bearing Capacity of Composite Column
Authors: Zhang Xu Hong , Guo Quan Quan
Published: December 2011

The improvement effect of the external concrete to stability of the core steel-tube was demonstrated by the steel-tube replacement ratio through experimental study. The test results show that, with the steel-tube replacement ratio increasing, the ultimate bearing capacity of composite columns increased correspondingly, and the ductility of composite columns was improved obviously also. Therefore, the steel-tube replacement ratio should be involved in the formula for calculating the ultimate bearing capacity of composite columns. By finite element method and regression analysis, the slenderness ratio is amended by the steel-tube replacement ratio and the calculation results of the eccentric compression bearing capacity agreed well with the test results．
Characteristics and Applications of the AAm-Grafting PE
Authors: Chou Liang Hsign , Lee Maw Tien
Published: December 2011

Waste plastics are environment problems needed to be solved. Amount of studies have showed that waste plastics can be used as a part of construction materials. However, the hydrophobic property of organic polymers is a fatal issue should be solved. In this study, acrylamide monomer (AAm) was grafted onto PE surface by using benzophenone (BP) as a photoinitiator. Contact angle, surface functional groups, and surface morphology of PE films were characterized for original and AAM-grafting PE films. The interfacial zone of PE and CSH was observed with SEM. Experimental results showed that AAm could be successfully grafted onto PE surface. The hydrohilicity of PE was enhanced by AAm grafting.
Performance Enhancement of Organic Solar Cells with the LiF/Al Cathode Structure by the Pyromellitic Dianhydride Layer
Authors: Oh Seung Sik , Yeo Dong Hyun , Park Keun Hee , Kim Hoon Bea , Ha Myung Hoon , Oh Hyo Jin , Park Min Woo , Park Ji Soo , Park Dae Won , Jung Dong Geun , Chae Hee Yeop , Kim Hyoung Sub , Boo Jin Hyo , Nam Eunk Young
Published: December 2011

We reported enhanced characteristics of the organic solar cells (OSCs) using pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) material as cathode interfacial layer. This PMDA cathode interfacial layer was used in a bilayered structure consisting of lithium fluoride (LiF) and pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) at the interface of poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl)(P3HT)+[6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) and Al. Better performance enhancement compared to OSCs without a cathode interfacial layer or with a single LiF interfacial layer was achieved by using a bilayered interfacial structure. The OSC with a cathode interfacial structure with LiF and PMDA combination showed 2.08 % power conversion efficiency (PCE) value, while the OSC with a single LiF cathode interfacial layer showed 1.72 % PCE value and the OSC without any cathode interfacial layer showed 1.35 % PCE value, respectively. And Cole-Cole plots of OSCs showed that bilayered interfacial structure reduced impedance probably by improving the electron transport between Al and PCBM+P3HT.
Study on Diffusion of Copper of SOFC Cu-Based Anodes in Co-Sintering with Electrolyte
Authors: Peng Jun , Li Song Bo , Zhao Wen Guang , Song Xi Wen , An Sheng Li
Published: December 2011

Cu-based anode has no or little catalytic activity to reaction of precipitating carbon during using carbon-hydrogen fuel, which can avoid failure or disintegration of SOFC caused by catalytically precipitating carbon resulting from Ni-based anode. However, the melting point of CuO, that is 1148°C, is far below the sintering temperature of electrolyte which limits the use of Cu-based anode. So the property of sintering of Cu-based anode between 1050°C and 1150°C was studied by co-pressing and co-sintering Cu-based anode with electrolyte. The result shows that the diffusion of copper in the electrolyte is not apparent when the co-sintering temperature is below 1130°C. At 1140°C, the Matano plane moved to anode side and the diffusion coefficient of copper in the electrolyte is relevant to concentration of copper which is 0.543×10-8-1.74×10-8(cm2•s-1) when the content of copper is 1.51%~18.7%.