bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
QUANTIFYING THE INTERRELATIONSHIP OF SOIL MOISTURE VARIATIONS WITH AGRICULTURAL DROUGHT SEVERITY AND AGRICULTURE YIELD
Authors: Khawar Abbas  , Muhammad Mujahid  , Umar Sultan  , Muhammad Laraib  , Abu Bakar Arshed  , Mohsin Raza
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the impact of climate-induced soil moisture variation on agriculture in different districts of South Punjab. It analyzes changes in soil moisture, precipitation, and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) over time. Additionally, it assesses agricultural drought using the Normalized Vegetation Supply Water Index (NVSWI) and Soil Moisture Agriculture Drought Index (SMADI). The study's statistical analysis measures the impact of agricultural drought fluctuations on crop yield spanning from 2007 to 2021. Based on trend analysis on average NDVI and Soil Moisture showed a decreasing trend at most of the stations except Lohdran and Vehari where a slightly increasing trend has been observed. The assessment of SMADI and NVSWI indicated that from 2007 to 2018, dry years had an average value of 2.89 and 35.24 at most stations, while 2019-2021 were spot as wet years, averaging 1.83 and 42.10 for SMADI and NVSWI, respectively.  Moreover, the correlation analysis between soil moisture with SMADI, NVSWI, and yield showed that SM had a positive and negative correlation with yield, SMADI, and NVSWI. Based on analysis, it was noted that a decline in soil moisture has triggered the agricultural drought and ultimately has decreased agricultural land as well as yield in South Punjab. Therefore, it is crucial to give serious consideration to reassessing and correcting the factors that lead to soil moisture variation. This should be accompanied by the implementation of an effective irrigation system to ensure the sustainability of agricultural yield and address the issue of food insecurity in South Punjab, Pakistan.
EVOLUTION OF SENTIMENT ANALYSIS IN REVIEWS FOR INTELLIGENT PRODUCT RECOMMENDATIONS
Authors: Shoukat Ullah  , Dr. Aurangzeb Khan  , Dr. Khairullah Khan  , Dr. Aman Ullah
Published: February 2025

Consumer sentiment analysis (SA) has emerged as a popular research trend for social media applications, encompassing diverse domains like product reviews, healthcare, crime, finance, travel, and academics. Unraveling consumer perceptions and opinions from online reviews is paramount in gaining valuable insights. However, the increasing volume, subjectivity, and heterogeneity of social web data pose challenges for manual processing. To address this, researchers have turned to machine learning (ML) techniques, which offer promising solutions for real-life applications. This paper conducts a systematic literature review to assess ML techniques' efficacy, scope, and applicability in product reviews and analyze customers' attitudes from unstructured reviews specifically related to the product's quality, complexity, innovation, and impact. This research study also explores the main concepts and relevant literature of appraisal theory to compute people's attitudes because appraisal theory provides a more detailed description of the text than traditional SA.
A NEW TOTAL VARIATION REGULARIZATION-BASED MODEL FOR ADDITIVE NOISE REMOVAL USING GLOBAL MESHLESS COLLOCATION SCHEME
Authors: Abdul Kabir  , Khan Mushtaq Ahmad , Muhammad Atif  , Fazal Amin
Published: February 2025

In this work, we proposed a new Total Variation (TV) regularization-based model for additive noise removal problems using the Global Meshless Collocation Scheme (GMCS). This new approach not only solves the associated Partial Differential Equation (PDE) connected to the proposed model for the smooth solution regarding image restoration, and preservation of edge but also for minimization of the staircase effect due to which the image looks blocky. The experimental result demonstrates that the proposed model and meshless scheme seek to improve computational efficiency and noise removal accuracy in terms of visual efficiency and Peak-Signal-to-Noise-Ratio (PSNR) values compared to other traditional-based methods
EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A SMALL-GROUP EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM FOR NURSES ON PROMOTING EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE: A MIXED METHODS APPROACH
Authors: Dr. Iram Khadim  , Dr. Regidor III Poblete Dioso  , Dr. Qudrat Ullah
Published: February 2025

Background: Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) is crucial in enhancing patient outcomes, improving clinical decision-making, and ensuring high-quality care. However, the integration of EBP into nursing practice remains a challenge due to barriers such as limited knowledge, skills, and institutional support. Educational interventions, particularly small-group learning programs, have been shown to be effective in promoting EBP adoption among healthcare professionals (Saunders et al., 2019). This pilot study aims to evaluate the impact of a small-group educational program on nurses' EBP knowledge, skills, and attitudes. Objectives: The primary objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of a four-week small-group educational program in improving nurses' understanding of EBP concepts, their ability to apply EBP in clinical practice, and their attitudes toward the practice. Secondary objectives include identifying the barriers to EBP implementation and gathering feedback on the educational program's content and delivery. Methods: A mixed-methods approach was employed, involving both quantitative and qualitative data collection. Nurses were recruited from a hospital setting and completed pre- and post-intervention surveys to measure changes in EBP knowledge, skills, and attitudes. Qualitative data were gathered through focus group discussions to explore participants’ experiences and perceived barriers to EBP adoption. The intervention consisted of four weekly sessions covering the EBP process, formulation of clinical questions, searching for evidence, critical appraisal, and integrating evidence into practice (Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2022).Results: The results showed a significant increase in participants' EBP knowledge and confidence in applying EBP in their clinical practice. Participants reported improvements in their ability to formulate clinical questions using the PICO framework and to critically appraise research evidence. Attitudes toward EBP became more positive, with nurses expressing greater motivation to use evidence in their clinical decision-making. Barriers identified included lack of time, limited access to resources, and resistance to change among colleagues. Feedback on the program indicated that the small-group format and hands-on activities were highly valued (Chua et al., 2020).Conclusion: This pilot study suggests that small-group educational programs are an effective method for improving nurses' EBP knowledge, skills, and attitudes. The findings support the need for continued efforts to incorporate EBP training into nursing education and practice, addressing barriers to successful implementation. Future research should focus on larger-scale studies and exploring long-term outcomes of such educational interventions.
EXPLORING THE CYTOTOXIC POTENTIAL OF HYDROALCOHOLIC EXTRACT FROM OXYSTELMA ESCULENTUM AGAINST HUMAN CANCER CELL LINES
Authors: Muhammad Akhlaq  , Muhammad Shoaib  , Muhammad Akram  , Um e Kulsoom  , Hamda Tanzeem Khan  , Muhammad Khaleeq Alum
Published: February 2025

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, necessitating the discovery of novel therapeutic agents. Natural products, particularly medicinal plants, are increasingly being explored for their anticancer properties. Oxystelma esculentum, a plant traditionally used in Ayurvedic medicine, is known for its wide range of pharmacological effects. This study investigates the anticancer potential of a hydroalcoholic extract of Oxystelma esculentum against human cancer cell lines.
The aerial parts of Oxystelma esculentum were extracted using a 70% ethanol solution, and cytotoxicity was evaluated using MTT and CellTiter-Glo assays. Cancer cells were treated with the extract at concentrations of 100 mg/mL, 250 mg/mL, and 500 mg/mL for 48 hours. The IC50 values were calculated using non-linear regression analysis. The extract demonstrated dose-dependent cytotoxicity in the cancer cell lines, with IC50 values of approximately 230 mg/mL. Cell viability decreased significantly, with a maximum inhibition of 85% at the highest concentration (500 mg/mL). The extract also showed significant ATP depletion in the CellTiter-Glo assay, indicating reduced cellular metabolism.
The results suggest that the hydroalcoholic extract of Oxystelma esculentum exhibits potent anticancer activity, likely due to its rich content of bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, saponins, and phenolic acids. These findings indicate that Oxystelma esculentum has the potential to be developed into a plant-based anticancer therapy. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved and to validate the efficacy of the extract in vivo.
TOWARDS SMART CATALYSIS: MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUES FOR ENHANCED PERFORMANCE IN DRY REFORMING OF METHANE
Authors: Subhan Azeem  , Ayesha Bibi  , Nadeem Hassan  , Muhammad Kamran Abid
Published: February 2025

Catalysis supports today's chemical technology to create clean power while reducing harmful gases in our atmosphere. Dry Reforming of Methane (DRM) has gained attention as a valuable process to use methane and carbon dioxide for making synthesis gas which supports both clean energy production and chemical manufacturing. Traditional lab methods for improving DRM catalysts don't work well because they waste energy, make catalysts stop working faster, and fail to understand how multiple reaction elements relate to one another. The challenges of traditional methods drive researchers to use machine learning to find efficient solutions. Through our research, we present a system that combines machine learning models including regression analysis, decision trees, and neural networks to improve DRM catalyst development. Our neural network tests beat older methods by providing highly precise predictions with only a 3% deviation and an R² score of 0.98. As our analysis shows temperature stands out as the most important variable then time and catalyst makeup show secondary importance in helping guide catalyst development. Our method of using machine learning shortens the time needed to test and refine catalysts by 50%. Although this research offers useful outcomes the small data sample makes it hard to apply conclusions to other scenarios. Neural network operations remain unclear so scientists need SHAP analysis tools for better understanding. The next phase of the study should collect additional data and merge machine learning techniques with live experimental testing to discover superior catalysts and build practical heat-neutral DRM systems.
A COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFICIENCY OF HPLC COLUMNS AND CHROMATOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS IN LC-MS ANALYSIS OF DERIVATISED ESTROGEN HORMONES AND THEIR METABOLITES
Authors: Muhammad Abbas  , Mohammad Ikram  , David G Watson  , Tayyaba iftikhar  , Abdul Saboor  , Muhammad Sohail Anwar  , Abdullah
Published: February 2025

Determination of estrone, estradiol, and their metabolites is a very challenging task as its ionization and determination offer considerable difficulties. Different types of HPLC columns were used in different conditions in order to get the best separation. Derivatives of estrone, estradiol, and their metabolites were produced by using a derivatization agent 2-Fluoro-1, 3-dimethylpyridinium p-toluene sulfonate, followed by the chemical analysis using different types of columns. Different combinations of mobile phases were also investigated and the best separation was achieved with Mobile phase A and B consisted of 0.1% v/v formic acid in water and acetonitrile respectively, used in a gradient method. Different concentrations of estrone, estradiol and their metabolites for calibration curves were prepared, derivatized with the reagent and were analysed by LC-MS technique. The derivatives produced by this method have shown several times higher detection response. Using this derivatization method, spiked standards of estrone, estradiol and their metabolites were analyzed and the method was then applied to culture media samples for determination of estrogens hormones. The results suggested that the best resolution of estrogens and their metabolites and peak shapes were obtained by using C18-AR columns and Thermo Orbitrap mass spectrometer as compare to the other HPLC columns.
THE CHEMISTRY OF 2D MATERIALS FROM GRAPHENE TO BEYOND
Authors: Ali Haider  , Muhammad Farooq Rasheed  , Amna Abrar  , Aisha Mumtaz  , Aneesa Zeb  , Maneeb Ur Rehman  , Ghulam Mujtaba Noor  , Shahid Ashraf
Published: February 2025

The advent of two-dimensional (2D) materials has revolutionized materials science, offering a new frontier for research and applications across diverse fields. This review explores the chemistry of 2D materials, beginning with graphene, the pioneering 2D material renowned for its exceptional electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties. The unique atomic-scale thickness of these materials imparts extraordinary characteristics, making them integral to advancements in nanotechnology, energy storage, electronics, and catalysis. Beyond graphene, other 2D materials, including transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), and MXenes, have garnered attention due to their tunable band gaps, chemical versatility, and diverse functionalities. The synthesis strategies, such as chemical vapor deposition, exfoliation, and bottom-up approaches, are pivotal in tailoring the properties of these materials for specific applications. Additionally, surface functionalization and chemical modifications are discussed as tools to enhance the reactivity, stability, and compatibility of 2D materials in hybrid systems. The review also highlights the challenges in scalability, reproducibility, and environmental concerns associated with 2D material production. Emerging trends, such as heterostructures and 2D polymers, are presented as promising directions for expanding the application scope. This comprehensive exploration underscores the transformative potential of 2D materials in addressing global challenges, including sustainable energy, environmental remediation, and advanced electronics, while identifying key areas for future research. The ongoing evolution of 2D materials chemistry holds the promise of bridging fundamental science and technological innovation, driving breakthroughs that redefine material capabilities.
A CORPUS-ASSISTED SOCIO-COGNITIVE ANALYSIS OF POLITICAL BIAS ON YOUTUBE AND FACEBOOK
Authors: Sana Tafseer  , Dr. Jabir Hussain  , Hunza Arshad  , Dr. Jahanzeb Jahan
Published: February 2025

This study aims to explore the linguistic markers of political bias in YouTube comment sections and Facebook posts through a corpus-assisted socio-cognitive analysis. In an era where social media platforms like YouTube and Facebook significantly shape public discourse, the study seeks to uncover the subtle ways political biases are encoded in online conversations. The primary objectives are to identify and categorize the linguistic markers of political bias and to analyze them through the framework of social cognitive theory. A specialized corpus, consisting of comments from 10 politically diverse YouTube videos, and posts from 4 facebook groups was compiled and processed using AntConc software. By applying van Dijk's Socio Cognitive Theory, the research investigates how language in comment sections and posts reflects and reinforces political ideologies, cognitive biases, and group identities. The analysis reveals distinct patterns of ideological framing, polarizing language, and strategic discourse that shape political perceptions and align users with particular ideological stances. These findings underscore the power of online discourse in influencing political thought and identity construction. The study facilitates a deeper view of the intersection between language, social media, and political polarization, suggesting avenues for research in future on the impact of digital platforms on democratic processes and public opinion.
PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH WRIST AND HAND PAIN AMONG NURSES OF KARACHI
Authors: Nimra Shafi  , Maira Muneer  , Okasha Anjum
Published: February 2025

OBJECTIVE:
The purpose of the study is to evaluate the psychosocial physical, and personal characteristics of wrist or hand discomfort among hospital-based nurses of Karachi.
METHODOLOGY:
A descriptive cross sectional study among 285 nurses of age group 20 to 45 will be conducted at Lyari general Hospital, NICVD Hospital, and Modern Hospital, Mamji Hospital, and AL Mustafa Hospital to investigate the physical and psychosocial factors associated with wrist and hand pain using standardized Nordic Questionnaire and Pain Catastrophizing Scale.
RESULT:
The research is being carried out via two questionnaires as (a) The NMQ (Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire) It's used in epidemiological studies to compare complaints in the nine organs including shoulders, neck, low back and other areas of the body and b) PCS (Pain Catastrophizing Scale) is a questionnaire that is used to measure and assess pain catastrophizing. It is used in clinical practice and research to help guide treatment planning; hence been conducted to explore Physical and Psychosocial Factors Associated With Wrist And Hand Pain Among Nurses of Karachi and found significant correlation among inter-dependent relationship of variables as Directions of relation among all dependent variables correlated positively for all items for association as NMQ has positive relationship with PCS as 40.5%. It is observed that male-gender has dominancy as 67.7% population in pain prevalence and 68.8% in pain impact ; also having largest prevalence in age bracket of 26~30 years as 29.5% in pain prevalence and 31.9% in pain impact.
CONCLUSION
The study aims to assess the physical and Psychologicall aspects related to hand and wrist discomfort among Karachi hospital-based nurses. According to this study, repetitive duties, awkward postures, and severe workloads are the main causes of the high prevalence of hand and wrist discomfort among Karachi's nursing staff. The problem is made worse by psychosocial elements including low job satisfaction and stress. The prevalence of pain was found to be significantly correlated with factors like hospital settings, gender, and age. It is essential to address these issues through stress management initiatives, ergonomic upgrades, and increased staffing in order to enhance nurses' productivity and well-being.
MANAGING CONTEXTUAL SHIFTS: PRAGMATICS AND SEMANTICS IN AI DIALOGUE SYSTEMS FOR PAKISTANI LANGUAGE DOCUMENTATION
Authors: Dr. Zafar Iqbal Bhatti  , Gul Muhammad  , Sajid Aslam  , Ayesha Salamat
Published: February 2025

This paper investigates the challenges and opportunities of developing context-aware AI dialogue systems for effective language documentation in Pakistan's linguistically diverse environment. The point of focus in the study is the need of pragmatics and semantics in the functions of the AI systems, because these models are facing so many problems when it comes to contextual shifts, dialectical variations, and nuances. Current transformer-based models like BERT or GPT do tend to be good at semantic interpretation, nonetheless they seem to lack the capability to process pragmatic components like honorifics, politeness strategies and region-specific speech rules that a lot of Pakistani language require. It then reviews prior tools such as Google translate and special models for Urdu and Punjabi that struggle to adapt to fast evolving text exchanges, dialectical differences, and the sociolinguistic nuances of Pakistan. Most existing evaluation frameworks focus on languages such as Arabic, Hindi and Bengali without much consideration for Pakistan’s regionally important needs. Through culturally enriched training datasets, context sensitive algorithms and metrics suited to local dialects, AI systems can be more competent at documenting — and adapting to — the dialectic between semantics and pragmatics. This work supports for a holistic approach to AI development to guarantee accurate, comprehensive and contextually aware language documentation for Pakistan's multilingual communities.
ENHANCED DETECTION PARADIGMS: INTEGRATING AI AND DATA SCIENCE IN CT SCAN FOR EARLY DISEASE DIAGNOSIS
Authors: Syed Muhammad Ayan Naqvi  , Ansharah Hasib  , Mehwish Faiz  , Fahad Shamim  , Saba Yousha  , Shahzad Nasim
Published: February 2025

Biomedical imaging methods such as computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are important appliances for diagnostic--disease detections. However, the conventional approach of using imaging for analysis largely hinges on radiologist expertise and manual interpretation is often not able to detect early cases. In this review, we present the paradigm shift data science has introduced into biomedical imaging and how machine learning — especially in combination with deep learning algorithms— is facilitating earlier and more precise disease detection. An automatically image analysis can allow CT and MRI scans to become a higher level of codable relevance with the refinement for automating precision while detecting abnormalities that might be overlooked conventionally.
Using machine learning models trained on thousands, if not millions of medical images could potentially improve the resolution and clarity of scans so that patterns indicative diseases like cancer, cardiovascular conditions or neurological disorders can more easily be identified. Imaging techniques using data science are more sensitive and specific as compared to traditional methods making it possible for early interventions, increasing the life expectancy of patients. Still, issues regarding data privacy and ownership, algorithmic bias as well as ethical constraints need to be addressed before these technologies can safely and equitably established in the clinical routine.
This narrative review enumerates significant trends in applications of data science to CT scans through a comparative examination with image analysis by traditional, semi-automated and automated methods. Central to this are advances in predictive diagnostics and AI-driven innovations that hold great promise for improving the early disease detection enabling of biomedical imaging role in overall healthcare delivery, this article likewise explores future directions including their integration.
SHORT TERM LOAD FORECASTING FOR ENERGY CONSUMPTION THROUGH MACHINE LEARNING: SVR AND LSTM-DRIVEN DEMAND FORECASTING
Authors: Shahbaz Akhtar Javed  , Muhammad Waseem Iqbal  , Muhammad Bilal Ahmed Janjooa  , Saif Ur Rehman  , Ali Raza  , Sadaquat Ali Ruk
Published: February 2025

Home Energy Management System (HEMS) has gained significant attention due to its important role in reducing energy waste. Despite its effectiveness, there are certain potential improvements, such as its ability to accurately forecast the household demand and share it with the utility company for better planning. Moreover, consumers seek ways to reduce their electricity bills due to increasing electricity prices. In this paper, we focus on predicting household energy demand accurately for optimal energy consumption, generation at reduced cost. We used K-Means Clustering, LSTM (Long Short Term Memory) and SVR (Support Vector Regression) techniques to learn the energy usage patterns from Pakistan residential energy consumption (PRECON) dataset complementing it with weather conditions and time of day. The SVR is found to be the best approach with least RMSE score. The proposed system will help consumers to make informed decisions to tradeoff between energy cost and comfort by shaping up their energy consumption habits during peak and off-peak hours. The utility companies may use the energy demand information to optimally manage the generation resources to lower energy cost, avoid transformer/feeder/grid overloading and reliable electricity supply to the consumers. The proposed system will reduce energy waste and improve overall energy efficiency by addressing the challenges faced by HEMS and providing consumers with valuable insights.
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY OF HEAVY METALS: CHEMICAL STRATEGIES FOR MITIGATION
Authors: Faryal Khan  , Mohsin Tehseen  , Sajid Ali  , Basit Ali  , Kiran Fatima  , Haseeb Khaliq  , Ashique Ali Chohan  , Wajeeha Tahir
Published: February 2025

The environmental toxicology of heavy metals poses significant challenges due to their persistence, bioaccumulation, and severe health and ecological impacts. Heavy metals such as lead, mercury, cadmium, and arsenic enter the environment through industrial activities, mining, and agricultural runoff, contaminating water, soil, and air. Their removal is difficult as they do not degrade naturally, and traditional remediation methods, including chemical precipitation and adsorption, often suffer from inefficiency, high costs, and secondary pollution. To address these challenges, advanced chemical strategies such as nanotechnology-based adsorbents, bioremediation using microorganisms, and green synthesis of functional materials have been developed for heavy metal sequestration. Additionally, phytoremediation and chelation therapy have shown potential in reducing toxicity in contaminated sites and living organisms. Despite these advancements, limitations such as scalability, environmental compatibility, and regulatory constraints hinder widespread implementation. Future research should focus on developing sustainable, cost-effective, and eco-friendly remediation techniques, integrating artificial intelligence for process optimization, and strengthening policy frameworks to regulate heavy metal discharge. Collaboration among scientists, policymakers, and industries is crucial for implementing large-scale solutions. A comprehensive approach that combines scientific innovation, environmental management, and policy reforms is essential to mitigating heavy metal toxicity, ensuring environmental sustainability, and protecting public health.
STUDENTS’ SERVICES: AN INFLUENCE ON SUSTAINABLE QUALITY EDUCATION DELIVERY AMONG TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS, SOKOTO STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Abbas Abubakar Hiliya  , Abubakar Yahaya
Published: February 2025

The objective of this study was to assessed the influence of students’ services on sustainable quality education delivery among tertiary institutions of Sokoto state, Nigeria. The study was guided by three research objectives and questions using descriptive survey design. The population of the study comprises all tertiary institutions of learning in Sokoto state. Total of 378 respondents took part in the study, therein, simple random and proportionate sampling techniques were used to select institutions, members of staff students’ affairs division and students. Questionnaire was the main instrument used in data collection, therewith, the instrument was validated by expert. Cronbach alpha coefficient was used to test the internal consistency of the instrument. Data obtained was analyzed using simple frequency and percentage. Results of the study indicated that there is significant influence between students’ services and sustainable quality education delivery among tertiary institutions of Sokoto state (p<0.05). The study recommended among others that, hostel accommodation should be made available to students in campuses. In the absence of non-available hostels to accommodate all admitted students, school management should enter agreement with estate developers in the community to provide additional hall of residence close to the campuses with enough security and other essential services, thereby quality education delivery should be sustained. Transport services should be made available and affordable to students. This could be possible by creating transport department under students affairs division. Also school management should reach out to private individuals to support their institution by offering them shuttle buses and reasonable transport fare should be charged from students.
Drugs Indicated for The Management of Ziabetus Shakri (Diabetes Mellitus) in Unani Medicine- An Overview
Authors: M.A Anzar
Published: February 2025

Diabetes Mellitus is a multifactorial metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia, due to absolute or relative deficiency of insulin, causing abnormalities of carbohydrates, proteins & lipid metabolism and significant disturbances of water and electrolytes. According to WHO worldwide prevalence of Diabetes mellitus was estimated to be 371 million in 2012 and it may arise up to 750 million by the year 2030. At first Unani Physicians Galen suspected that this odd illness was caused by a kidney complaint (Sue mizaj kulya). Ibn- Sina alone has been credited with two additional discoveries; first the mention of further symptoms besides the triad (polydipsia, polyurea & marasmus) known as antiquity namely physical, mental and sexual weakness and the occurrence of carbuncle and gangrene, secondly the alleged discoveries of sweetness of diabetic urine. Growing diabetic population and the complications associated with Diabetes Mellitus stimulate the search for new drug targets and more efficient drugs with less adverse effect from the natural sources. The present paper deals with brief introduction focusing of common single drugs having hypoglycaemic activity used for the treatment of Diabetes mellitus in unani medicine throughout the Indian Sub Continent
A Survey by International Journal of Pharmamedix India [IJPI]on “Health Awareness in People of State of Rajasthan”
Authors: Student of Pharmacy of various Colleges
Published: February 2025

The purpose of conducting this survey is to know about the people concern about their health. Health is a major and most important issue of one’s life. Doctors play an important role in our society and hence one should concern a well qualified doctor. The role of pharmacy and medicine can’t be denied in maintaining and providing a quality health services. In our survey we interacted with various types of people from highly qualified to illiterate to know how much they are aware of right use of medicine and following the proper regimen. The journal also wanted to know whether the people concern a doctor for the treatment and does the qualification of doctor means to them anything. The surprising result came that many of them do self medication in case of common cough and cold, viral fever, headache and joint pain. They do not even bother to concern any doctor and take medicine on their own or on the recommendation of their friends and relative who have taken it before. They are unaware of the medicine but take them only because other is benefited. The people go to doctor when their self medication does not work and the condition is worsened.
Efficacy of Therapeutic Massage (Dalk) with Dill Seed Oil in Management of Neck Pain
Authors: Alam Md Tanwir
Published: February 2025

By affecting person’s life both at home and at work place, now neck pain becomes a public health issue. It produces significant disability by restricting the neck movements. Despite tremendous advancement in medical science it still fails to explain the exact pathophysiology, effective treatment, prevention and rehabilitative measures for neck pain. Every prevailing pain relieving regimen is only short term. Because of all the above factors the classical popular regimens of Unani System of Medicine i.e., massage with Dill Seed Oil was tested in present study for its efficacy in halting the progress and relieving the neck pain. Present study was an observational study with a sample size of 50 and was of 3 months duration. Dalk–layyin-kaseer (massage with soft-hand for long duration) with Dill Seed Oil was done on neck for 20 minutes on alternate day in first week and twice a week there after for another 11 weeks. Improvement in subjective and objective parameters were assessed on every sitting, at the end of the treatment and fortnightly for 1 month in follow up period. The mean duration of neck pain, VAS score, NS grade and RNM grade at baseline were 2½ years, 5.8, 3.14 and 1.94 respectively;these were completely relieved in a mean of 9.32 sittings. Surprisingly it was observed that no patient have reported reoccurrence during follow up. This study suggests that therapeutic massage is safe and has clinically important benefits in alleviating the neck pains and associated symptoms.
Pharmacological Screening of Ethanolic Extract of Plant “CassiaTora” Linn. Leaves on Nephrolithiasis Rats
Authors: Patil Amar P.
Published: February 2025

Cassia tora linn has been known traditionally in Indian system of medicine for the treatment of various metabolic disease and disorders. Since, the present study was carried out to know its applicability in urolithiasis condition. In the present study, extracts of Cassia tora linn was prepared with Ethanol and used for evaluation of antiurolithiatic activity. In this study we systematically evaluated its property by using Ethylene Glycol induced Albino rats. This study also involves state of the rat animal model to elucidate its probable mechanism of industrial guidelines of FDA, USA for pre-clinical evaluation of anti- Nephrolithiasis drugs.
The Recent Clinical Trends Of The Drugs Developed By Nanotechnology
Authors: Srivastav Ritesh Kumar
Published: February 2025

In view of scenario pharmaceutical industries are focusing towards their research on nanotechnology because developing new chemical entity is very time consuming and expensive affair and most of drugs will be off patent very soon causing huge revenue loss. Applications of nanotechnology to pharmacy that provide intelligent and smart drug delivery systems is expected to emerge as most important and powerful tool as alternate to conventional dosage form. These nano-intelligent drug delivery systems need little investment while expected to be a high profit making deal due to new patent-protection for current or soon-to-be off-patent drugs. Therefore most of industrial research interest lies in fact to exploit the newer technology to develop drug delivery system of available drugs in order to reduce or overcome their shortcoming like high toxicity, instability in biological environment, poor bioavailability, and low therapeutic concentration at site of action, which rendered them poor candidates in currently available dosage forms.
Design and Development of Carvedilol Phopsphate Floating Microsphere
Authors: Bharatkumar Joshi Pranav
Published: February 2025

Objective of present investigation was to develop carvedilol phosphate floating microsphere for retention in the upper part of the GIT to improve the dissolution where the solubility of carvedilol phosphate is more in acidic medium. Floating Microspheres were prepared by emulsion solvent diffusion method using ethylcellulose and eudragit RS 100 as polymer and 0.5% w/v polyvinyl alcohol as external medium. 32 full factorial design was used for optimizing the drug: polymer ratio(X1) and ethylcellulose: eudragit RS 100(X2) ratio were selected as independent variables, evaluated for various parameters which were analysed using ANOVA and surface response methodology. Batch F5 was selected as optimized, as provides desired zero order release profile as well as 77.25% buoyancy and 80.66% entrapment efficiency, 82.9% yield and mean particle size of 133.86 μm and spherical microsphere obtained confirmed by SEM study. Drug and excipients are compactible to each other was confirmed by FTIR study.
NUTRACEUTICAL –A BRIGHT SCOPE AND OPPOURTUNITY OFINDIAN HEALTHCARE MARKET
Authors: Bhowmik Debjit
Published: February 2025

Neuraceutical is regarded as the bio active substance and the constituents are either of known therapeutic activity or are chemically defined substance generally accepted to contribute substantially to the therapeutic activity of the drug. Phytochemical screening involves botanical identification, extraction with suitable solvents, purification and characterization of the bioactive constituents of pharmaceutical importance. Quality control for the officially and safely of herbal product is essential .The quality control of photochemical may be defined as the status of a drug which is determined either by identity, purity, constant and other chemical physical biological properties or by manufacturing process .compound with synthetic drug The critical and approach for herbal drug are much more complex Nutraceutical, a portmanteau of the words “nutrition” and “pharmaceutical”, is a food or food product that reportedly provides health and medical benefits, including the prevention and treatment of disease. A product isolated or purified from foods that is generally sold in medicinal forms not usually associated with food. A nutraceutical is demonstrated to have a physiological benefit or provide protection against chronic disease. The dietary and advanced analytical techniques for the determination and quantification of various neutraceuticals. supplements and nutraceutical market is projected to achieve a global market size of about Rs.90 billion in 2013 at a CAGR of 20.24% . There has been resurgence in the area of nutraceu
A REVIEW ON MICROENCAPSULATION: A NEW MULTIUTILITYADVANCED TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Sharma Nupoor
Published: February 2025

This abstract represents the new advance technology of microencapsulation, its complete study, morphology of microcapsules, reasons for microencapsulation, release mechanism including degradation, osmosis, diffusion, dissolution and erosion. Materials for microencapsulation, different methods of microencapsulation like physical methodair suspension coating, coacervation, spray–drying , pancoating ,centrifugal extrusion, chemical methods- solvent evaporation, polymerization involving interfacial polymer, insitu polymerization and matrix polymer , its general methods of applications in cell immobilization, drug delivery, beverages production ,in textiles ,soil inoculation, quality and safety in food etc and its efficient use in controlled release and sustained release of drug delivery like to mask bitter drugs, separation of incompatible substances, protection to core against atmospheric effects, sieve analysis and etc
Pengaruh Edukasi Gizi Kepada Ibu Hamil Sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Kejadian BBLR
Authors: Nita Vio
Published: February 2025

Status gizi yang baik merupakan salah satu faktor yang dijadikan sebagai tolak ukur keberhasilan pembangunan kesehatan, sehingga tidak dapat dipisahkan dari pembangunan nasional (Herwati et al., 2021). Kondisi kesehatan yang disebut status gizi dipengaruhi oleh cara zat gizi dikonsumsi dan digunakan. Gizi yang baik penting bagi setiap orang, bahkan ibu hamil. Salah satu kelompok yang paling rentan terhadap masalah gizi adalah ibu hamil. Pertumbuhan janin dapat dipengaruhi oleh status gizi ibu hamil sebelum atau selama kehamilan. Janin sangat tergantung kepada ibunya untuk pernafasan, pertumbuhan, dan untuk melindunginya dari penyakit. Masa pra-kehamilan memiliki kebutuhan nutrisi yang berbeda dengan masa kehamilan. Peningkatan kebutuhan nutrisi selama kehamilan sebesar 15%, karena diperlukan untuk perkembangan rahim, payudara, volume darah, plasenta, dan pertumbuhan janin. Jika ibu hamil dalam keadaan sehat dan mendapat makanan yang cukup, ia akan melahirkan bayi yang sehat. Bayi yang sehat, cukup bulan, dan berat badan normal akan lahir dari ibu yang mempertahankan status gizi yang tepat sebelum dan selama kehamilan. Dibandingkan dengan bayi dengan berat badan normal, bayi yang lahir dengan gizi buruk dan berat badan lahir rendah (BBLR) memiliki risiko kematian 35 kali lipat lebih tinggi. Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimen semu (Quasi Experiment) dengan rancangan non-Equivalent control group, untuk melihat perbedaan skor sebelum dan sesudah diberikan edukasi gizi kepada ibu hamil sebagai upaya pencegahan kejadian BBLR. Penelitian ini menggunakan total sampling dengan seluruh populasi dijadikan sampel berjumlah 51 ibu hamil. Instrumen penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner dan media edukasi. Analisa data secara univariat dan bivariat. Terdapat perubahan pada edukasi gizi kepada ibu hamil sebagai upaya pencegahan kejadian BBLR yaitu terdapat peningkatan skor perilaku pre-test 4,47 meningkat menjadi 5,10 pada saat post test.
Autonomia instytucjonalna urzędów regulacyjnych Unii Europejskiej: przykład Europejskiej Agencji Bezpieczeństwa Lotniczego
Authors:   Wydział Prawa i Administracji Uniwersytetu Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie, Kohtamäki Natalia
Published: February 2025

Przedmiotem publikacji jest zagadnienie „agencyfi kacji” europejskiej przestrzeni administracyjnej. Problem wzrostu liczby europejskich urzędów regulacyjnych, tzw. agencji zdecentralizowanych został poddany analizie przez pryzmat ich autonomii instytucjonalnej. Z ponad trzydziestu gremiów tego typu jako przykład posłużyła Europejska Agencja Bezpieczeństwa Lotniczego, która dysponuje szerokim katalogiem uprawnień o charakterze decyzyjnym i quasi-regulacyjnym.
Operatorzy open-accessowi – nowe zjawisko w pasażerskim transporcie kolejowym w Unii Europejskiej
Authors:   Kolegium Gospodarki Światowej, Szkoła Główna Handlowa, Król Marcin
Published: February 2025

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie coraz częściej spotykanego w kolejowych przewozach pasażerskich w UE zjawiska tzw. operatorów (przewoźników) open-accessowych (open-access operators). W artykule zostali oni zdefi niowani jako przedsiębiorstwa kolejowe, które (1) są nowymi graczami na rynku, (2) dokonują przewozów, które nie są subsydiowane w żadnej formie przez władze publiczne jakiegokolwiek szczebla oraz (3) konkurują z rywalami „na torach”. W części pierwszej nakreślono kontekst analizy. W części drugiej zaprezentowano aktualny zasięg występowania operatorów open-accessowych w UE. Część trzecią poświęcono sformułowaniu wniosków dla konkurencji wynikających z dotychczasowych doświadczeń w tym zakresie.
Dostęp do rynku przewozów lotniczych jako przedmiot międzynarodowej regulacji prawnej
Authors: Kunert-Diallo Agnieszka
Published: February 2025

Niniejszy artykuł wskazuje na obowiązujące w przewozie lotniczym ograniczenia w dostępie do rynku wynikające przede wszystkim z umów bilateralnych. Te bariery w dostępie do rynku z jednej strony ograniczają konkurencję, bo dopuszczają jedynie ograniczoną konkurencję ze strony przewoźników lotniczych, z drugiej zaś – dają przyzwolenie na zawieranie porozumień, które nie zawsze zgodne są z zasadami prawa konkurencji. Autor analizuje poszczególne restrykcje, z podziałem na ograniczenia występujące w międynarodowej regularnej i nieregularnej służbie powietrznej i wskazuje na brak kompromisu w ekonomicznej regulacji rynku, który mógłby zapewnić liberalizację przewozów lotniczych w ujęciu globalnym. Jako przykład skutecznie przeprowadzonej regulacji wskazuje na liberalizację przewozów lotniczych wewnątrz UE.
Zapewnienie interoperacyjności systemu kolei w Unii Europejskiej – wybrane zagadnienia
Authors:   Wydział Prawa i Administracji, Uniwersytet Warszawski, Miedzińska Iwona
Published: February 2025

Przedmiotem artykułu są zagadnienia prawa UE w zakresie zapewnienia interoperacyjności systemu kolei przez krajowy organ do spraw bezpieczeństwa. W pierwszej części pracy omówiono regulacje prawne UE w zakresie transportu kolejowego, istotne z punktu widzenia przedmiotu artykułu. Druga część poświęcona jest zagadnieniu interoperacyjności systemu kolei w UE, w tym implementacji dyrektywy w sprawie interoperacyjności oraz Technicznym Specyfikacjom Interoperacyjności, z uwzględnieniem praktyki ich stosowania. Następnie zbadano obowiązki i kompetencje krajowego organu do spraw bezpieczeństwa wynikające z prawa unijnego. W szczególności scharakteryzowano procedurę wydawania zezwoleń na dopuszczenie do eksploatacji podsystemu oraz przyznania odstępstwa od stosowania TSI, z uwzględnieniem kompetencji organów krajowych i instytucji unijnych.
Nouveau regard sur les monographies dites de paroisse, 1834-1938
Authors: Roy Alain
Published: February 2025

Dans les premières décennies du 20e siècle, les monographies dites de paroisse connaissent, selon Maurice Lemire, une « exceptionnelle vogue » au Québec. Genre populaire mais malaimé, ces ouvrages, issus d’une pratique citoyenne de l’histoire, ont été fort peu étudiés. Sans en nier les limites et les faiblesses, ils participent à la diffusion d’une sensibilité historique. Jetant un premier coup d’oeil sur l’ensemble de cette production, cette note de recherche dépouille la bibliographie des « histoires de paroisse » publiée par Antoine Roy en 1938 pour en dégager, après un court bilan historiographique, certains traits et quelques pistes de recherche futures.
Financial Services Innovation: Local Strategy, Management, and Change – A Field Investigation
Authors: Nave Ann Catherine
Published: February 2025

This study examines the innovation sources and processes of regional financial services firms through inductive field research. Innovation in these firms, and presumably other financial services firms and other smaller organizations, originate primarily out of three sources, the drive for efficiency, the external environment, and strategic, ambidextrous management. Successfully innovative firms balance the short-term need for efficiency improvements with the long-term desire to grow primarily through visionary, yet adaptive, leadership.
Soul Surfers Forced Into a Fragmented Exteriority
Authors:   Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, China, Roslan Siti Balkish , Ismail Nor Atiah ,   Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia, Ismail Sumarni ,   Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
Published: February 2025

This study explores the profound impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on soul surfers, individuals for whom surfing transcends mere sport to embody a spiritual, psychological, and physical communion with the sea and ocean. The pandemic’s restrictions, which limited access to the sea, challenged the core of soul surfing practices, prompting surfers to seek alternative means to sustain their connection with the sea and ocean. Through qualitative research, employing phenomenological analysis, theories of affordance, symbolic interactionism, and interpretive interviews, the study examines the transition from a natural exterior to a built interior, adapting their living spaces to maintain their surfing identity, rituals, practices, and the re-creation of their sacred space that was once the sea and ocean. The study also examines the philosophical implications of identifying as a surfer when physical engagement with the sea is obstructed, highlighting the enduring nature of the soul surfer’s identity beyond the physical act of surfing. The findings reveal a shift towards an inward spiritual and psychological practice, where meditation, mindfulness, and physical training within the confines of their homes served as a bridge to the oceanic experience and a renewed sense of their interior affordances. This adaptation underscores the resilience and creativity of soul surfers in preserving their deeply rooted bond with the sea despite external disruptions. Conclusively, the study offers insights into the dynamic relationship between soul surfers and their sacred spaces, illustrating how the pandemic has reshaped their practices and, by extension, their identities.