bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of new processed mussel product using local mussel species (Perna viridis)
Authors: Jayasooriya M. C. N. , Jayamanne Vigith S , Ranathunge M.T.N.
Published: November 2014

Perna species (Perna perna and Perna viridis) are commonly found edible mussel species around the margin of territorial sea of Sri Lanka It is seasonal seafood available only in few months per year have being experimentally cultured not commercialized as a processed mussel product yet. In this research, three mussels products (321, 654 and 987) were developed only vary with added citric acid amount (3g, 4g and 5g) and organoleptic properties of three citric acid treated bottle mussel products were investigated; nutritional and shelf-life were determined only for best product. Mussels (Perna viridis) harvesting was done in consecutive three days; extracted mussel flesh was stored under -10 0C. The processed product is having net weight of 115 g of cooked mussel and 85 mL of brine solution. Hot filling was done in all the time and stored in the room temperature. Semi trained 30 sensory panelist were used to determine the organoleptic qualities of the products subjectively and the best product was selected through Friedman non-parametric test. The color and texture sensory attributes were shown only the significant different (P<0.05) such as 0.001 and 0.035 respectively; sensory attributes such as appearance, odor, taste, after taste and overall acceptability have received to the P values which may higher than to the 0.05 significant levels (P > 0.05) such as 0.093, 0.152, 0.099, 0.850 and 0.106 respectively. The product 654 has received the highest sum of rank in all the time and considered as the best product. It having 6 months of expected shelf-life; no quality defects recorded until 20th week of shelf-life and having 73.70%, 16.65% and 2.60% of moisture, crude-protein and crude-fat percentages respectively. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/suslj.v13i1.7673Sabaragamuwa University Journal 2014; V. 13 No. 1 pp 57-64
Success in the workplace: From the voice of (dis)abled to the voice of enabled
Authors: Marsay Gloria
Published: November 2014

The intention of this article is twofold; first to encourage a shift in seeing ‘the disabled’not as people with disabilities but rather as people with unique abilities. Secondly, toexplore ways of facilitating gainful employment for these uniquely abled people. The termdisability is examined against a backdrop of definitions including the definition postulatedby the International Classification of Functioning. In this article, the life experiences of apurposive sample of people with (dis)abilities who have been successful in the world ofwork are explored. A narrative approach gives voice to their experiences. Quotes from theparticipants’ responses are used to illustrate the common themes that emerged relating totheir experiences. These themes are resonated against a backdrop of relevant literature. Ifdisabled people are enabled to recognize and use their unique abilities, as well as developvarious self-determination skills, imagine the endless possibilities which could arise for themand society in general.
Missionale kerk, missio Dei en kerkverband: ’n Diskussie
Authors: Van Wyk Griffel
Published: November 2014

Missionale kerk, missio Dei en kerkverband: ’n Diskussie. Die ontluikende kerk en die missionale kerk is onderwerpe wat toenemende bespreek en nagevors word. Deelnemers aan hierdie gesprek verken steeds die omvang en onderskeie elemente van die onderwerpe met soms uiteenlopende standpunte. Noodsaaklike elemente van hierdie gesprek is deur die literêre verkenning van sekere onderwerpe nagevors gepaardgaande met aflidings, evaluering en kritiese opmerkings om groter duidelikheid oor die onderwerp te bied en sodoende ’n vrugbare gesprek te bevorder. Hierdie navorsing het ook op onlangse kritiek teen die missionale kerkbeweging in Suid-Afrika gefokus, die onderliggende rol van die missio Dei in die missionale kerkbeweging verken en die implikasies van die missio Dei vir die kerkverband aangeroer. Die blyk dat die missio Dei groot waarde inhou vir ’n vrugbare gesprek oor die ontluikende kerk asook die missionale kerk omdat dit as geskikte paradigma vir teologiese ondersoek hieroor funksioneer. Dit wil ook voorkom of dit kwessies kan hanteer wat in verskillende denominasies en die kerkverband ontstaan vanweë die ontluikende kerkfenomeen.Missional church, missio Dei and inter-church relations: A discussion. The emerging church and the missional church are topics increasingly discussed and researched. Participants in this discussion are still surveying the extent and various elements of the subject with sometimes divergent views. Critical elements in the conversation were researched through literary exploration of certain topics accompanied by inferences, evaluation and critical discussion to provide greater clarity on the subject and promote fruitful discussions. This research furtherfocused on recent criticism of the missional church movement in South Africa, probed the underlying role of the missio Dei in the missional church movement and touched on the implications of the missio Dei for inter-church relations. The missio Dei proves to be of much value for fruitful discussion on the emerging and missional church, because it functions as a suitable paradigm of reference and theological enquiry and also seems able to address issues arising within denominations and inter-church relations caused by the emerging church phenomenon.
Knowledge and attitudes of non-occupational HIV post-exposure prophylaxis amongst first- and second-year medical students at Stellenbosch University in South Africa
Authors: Ncube Nondumiso B.Q. , Meintjes Willem A.J. , Chola Lumbwe
Published: November 2014

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a worldwide problem, with 68% of infected people residing in sub-Saharan Africa. Antiretroviral therapy is used as post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) to prevent infection in cases of occupational exposure, and use has recently been expanded to nonoccupational exposure. Studies have demonstrated a lack of awareness of non-occupational PEP (NOPEP) in the general population.Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate knowledge and attitudes towards availability of, access to and use of NO-PEP amongst first- and second-year medical students.Setting: Participants were medical undergraduates of Stellenbosch University in the Western Cape of South Africa who were registered in 2013.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study of 169 students was performed. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires handed out in a classroom in August 2013. Self-reported knowledge and attitudes towards NO-PEP and barriers to access to and use of NO-PEP were analysed using frequency tables. Associations between self-reported and objective knowledge of NO-PEP were analysed by odds ratios.Results: Over 90% of students had good knowledge on HIV transmission, and about 75% knew how it can be prevented. Twenty eight per cent (n = 47) of students reported knowledge of NO-PEP; 67% reported hearing about it from lecturers, whilst 1% reported hearing about it from their partner. Studentswho knew the correct procedure to take when a dose is forgotten were 2.4 times more likely to report knowledge of NO-PEP than those who did not know what to do when a dose is forgotten (p = 0.029). No other associations were statistically signifiant.Conclusion: Students had positive attitudes towards the use of NO-PEP and also identifid barriers to its use. Despite good knowledge of HIV prevention and transmission, knowledge on NO-PEP was poor.
Human resources for health in Botswana: The results of in-country database and reports analysis
Authors: Nkomazana Oathokwa , Peersman Wim , Willcox Merlin , Mash Robert , Phaladze Nthabiseng
Published: November 2014

Background: Botswana is a large middle-income country in Southern Africa with a population of just over two million. Shortage of human resources for health is blamed for the inability to provide high quality accessible health services. There is however a lack of integrated, comprehensive and readily-accessible data on the health workforce.Aim: The aim of this study was to analyse the existing databases on health workforce in Botswana in order to quantify the human resources for health.Method: The Department of Policy, Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation at the Ministry of Health, Ministry of Education and Skills Development, the Botswana Health Professions Council, the Nursing and Midwifery Council of Botswana and the in-country World Health Organization offie provided raw data on human resources for health in Botswana.Results: The densities of doctors and nurses per 10 000 population were four and 42,respectively; three and 26 for rural districts; and nine and 77 for urban districts. The average vacancy rate in 2007 and 2008 was 5% and 13% in primary and hospital care, respectively, but this is projected to increase to 53% and 43%, respectively, in 2016. Only 21% of the doctors registered with the Botswana Health Professions Council were from Botswana, the rest being mainly from other African countries. Botswana trained 77% of its health workforce locally.Conclusion: Although the density of health workers is relatively high compared to the region, they are concentrated in urban areas, insuffiient to meet the projected requirements and reliant on migrant professionals.
Outomatiese genreklassifikasie vir Afrikaans
Authors: Snyman Dirk , Van Huyssteen Gerhard , Daelemans Walter
Published: November 2014

When working in the terrain of text processing, metadata about a particular text plays an important role. Metadata is often generated, using automatic text classification systems which classify a text into one or more predefined classes or categories based on its contents. One of the dimensions by which a text can be can be classified, is its genre. In this study the development of an automatic genre classification system in a resource scarce environment is postulated. This study aimed to investigate the techniques and approaches that are generally used for automatic genre classification systems, and identify the best approach for Afrikaans (a resource scarce language). With the development of an automatic genre classification system, there is a set of variables that must be considered as they influence the performance of machine learning approaches (i.e. the algorithm used, the amount of training data, and data representation as features). If these variables are handled correctly, an optimal combination of them can be identified to successfully develop a genre classification system. In this article a genre classification system is being developed by using the following approach: The implementation of a MNB algorithm with a bag of words approach feature set. This system provides a resultant f-score (performance measure) of 0.929.
Rolpersepsies van dosente van eerstejaars in die natuurwetenskappe: ’n Fokus op geslagsverskille
Authors: Jacobs Melanie , Jacobs Gerrie J.
Published: November 2014

A marked increase in student enrolments in South African public universities over the last two decades, allowed substantially more ‘nontraditional’ students into the sector. These students typically have unsatisfactory levels of school performance, lack communication skills (especially in English) and mostly have first-generation status. The Faculty of Science at the University of Johannesburg (UJ) established its First Year Academy (FYA) in 2007. The FYA, a community of practice for lecturers of first-year students, promotes optimal student learning, and expects lecturers to optimise their facilitation of learning strategies. Not much is known (research-wise) about role adaptions that lecturers of first-year students (especially in science faculties) are expected (forced?) to make in such circumstances. A literature-validated Likerttype questionnaire, involving 53 first-year lecturers (almost 60% females), was subsequently administered. The survey gathered perceptions in respect of eight literature-based roles that lecturers (could or should) play when dealing with first-year students, as well as their selfappraised competence in fulfilling these roles. The Mann-Whitney U-test revealed significant differences between the perceived role importance and competence of male and female lecturers in respect of certain roles. The study revealed a significant relationship between the gender and opinions (and also behaviours) of science lecturers for first-year students at UJ. Capacity building geared at the more proficient execution of the roles of course designer, teacher, course manager and peer consultant is regarded as vital. A tailor-made professional development programme is offered by the Faculty of Science’s FYA as of 2014.
Primary cerebellopontine angle glioblastoma in an adult
Authors: Panigrahi Souvagya , Mishra Sudhansu , Das Srikant
Published: November 2014

Supratentorial glioblastoma is the most frequent primary intracranial tumor in adults. Its localization in the cerebellum is extremely rare and such tumor presenting as cerebellopontine angle (CPA) mass in an adult is even rarer. We report the case of primary cerebellar glioblastoma in a 52-year-old woman who presented clinically and radiologically as CPA mass. Its clinical presentation, radiological findings, and treatment instituted are discussed in view of pertinent literature.
The Role of the Royal Navy in South America, 1920–1970
Authors: Wise Jon
Published: November 2014

This book demonstrates the importance of the presence of the Royal Navy in South America. Historically there have been no treaty obligations and few strategic considerations in the region, yet it is frequently referred to as forming part of Britain’s ‘unofficial empire’. The role of the Navy in supporting foreign relations and promoting commerce is examined during a period of the twentieth century which is often associated with the decline of the British Empire.

The Role of the Royal Navy in South America, 1920–1970 shows how the Royal Navy reacted to changing circumstances during the post-war decades by adopting a more pro-active attitude towards the imperative of supporting naval exports. It provides a scholarly investigation of this important peacetime role for the service and offers the first book-length study of the Navy’s involvement in the region during this period.
Diel and seasonal changes of Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds within and above an Amazonian rainforest site
Authors: Yañez-Serrano A. M. , Nölscher A. C. , Williams J. , Wolff S. , Alves E. , Martins G. A. , Bourtsoukidis E. , Brito J. , Jardine K. , Artaxo P. , Kesselmeier J.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. The Amazonian rainforest is a large tropical ecosystem, and is one of the last pristine continental terrains. This ecosystem is ideally located for the study of diel and seasonal behaviour of Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds (BVOC) in the absence of local human interference. In this study, we report the first atmospheric BVOC measurements at the Amazonian Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO) site, located in Central Amazonia. A quadrupole Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometer (PTR-MS) with 7 ambient air inlets, positioned from near the ground to about 80 m (0.05, 0.5, 4, 24, 38, 53 and 79 m above the forest floor), was deployed for BVOC monitoring. We report diel and seasonal (February/March 2013 and September 2013) ambient mixing ratios for isoprene, monoterpenes, methyl vinyl ketone (MVK) + methacrolein (MACR), acetaldehyde, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), methanol and acetonitrile. Clear diel and seasonal patterns were observed for all compounds during the study. In general, lower mixing ratios were observed during night, while maximum mixing ratios were observed with the peak in solar irradiation at 12:00 LT during the wet season (February/March 2013), and with the peak in temperature at 16:00 LT during the dry season (September 2013). Isoprene mixing ratios were highest within the canopy with a median of 7.6 ppb and interquartile range (IQR) of 6.1 ppb (dry season at 24 m, from 12:00–15:00). Monoterpene mixing ratios were higher than previously reported for any Amazonian rainforest ecosystem (median 1 ppb, IQR 0.38 ppb during the dry season at 24 m from 15:00–18:00). Oxygenated Volatile Organic Compound (OVOC) patterns indicated a transition from dominating forest emissions during the wet season to a blend of biogenic emission, photochemical production, and advection during the dry season. This was inferred from the high mixing ratios found within the canopy, and those obtained above the canopy for the wet and dry season, respectively. Our observations reveal strong seasonal BVOC patterns and oxidation capacity, reflected in the different vertical profiles obtained between the dry and wet season, most likely driven by insolation, temperature and phenology. In addition, significant differences to other reports of Amazonian BVOC demonstrate the need for long-term observations and more standardized measurement procedures in order to better understand the natural exchange of BVOC between the Amazonian rainforest and the atmosphere.
The impact of temperature resolution on trajectory modeling of stratospheric water vapour
Authors: Wang T. , Dessler A. E. , Schoeberl M. R. , Randel W. J. , Kim J.-E.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. Lagrangian trajectories driven by reanalysis meteorological fields are frequently used to study water vapour (H2O) in the stratosphere, in which the tropical cold-point temperatures regulate H2O amount entering the stratosphere. Therefore, the accuracy of temperatures in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) is of great importance for trajectory studies. Currently, most reanalyses, such as the NASA MERRA (Modern Era Retrospective-Analysis for Research and Applications), only provide temperatures with ~1.2 km vertical resolution in the TTL, which has been argued to introduce uncertainties in the simulations. In this paper, we quantify this uncertainty by comparing the trajectory results using MERRA temperatures on model levels (traj.MER-T) to those using temperatures in finite resolutions, including GPS temperatures (traj.GPS-T) and MERRA temperatures adjusted to recover wave-induced variability underrepresented by the current ~1.2 km vertical resolution (traj.MER-Twave). Comparing with traj.MER-T, traj.GPS-T has little impact on simulated stratospheric H2O (changes ~0.1 ppmv), whereas traj.MER-Twave tends to dry air by 0.2–0.3 ppmv. The bimodal dehydration peaks in traj.MER-T due to limited vertical resolution disappear in traj.GPS-T and traj.MER-Twave by allowing the cold-point tropopause to be found at finer vertical levels. Despite these differences in absolute values of predicted H2O and vertical dehydration patterns, there is virtually no difference in the interannual variability in different runs. Overall, we find that the finite resolution of temperature has limited impact on predicted H2O in the trajectory model.
Chemical composition of buckwheat plant parts and selected buckwheat products
Authors: Vojtí­šková Petra , Švec Pavel , Kubáň Vlastimil , Krejzová Eliška , Bittová Miroslava , Kráčmar Stanislav , Svobodová Blanka
Published: November 2014

hemical composition plant parts (roots, stalks, leaves, blossoms) of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) and selected products made from its seeds (peels, whole seed, wholemeal flour, broken seeds, crunchy products Natural and Cocoa, flour, and pasta) was determined. Samples were dried and ground to a fine powder. All analyses were performed according to the Commission Regulation no. 152/2009, while rutin concentration was determined by the modified HPLC method. The lowest content of moisture was found in roots (4.3%) and in peels (almost 8%) and the highest moisture (nearly 11%) was discovered in seeds. The lowest amount of crude protein (3.5%) was found in peels, the highest crude protein amount (>13%) in both flours and leaves (23%). The starch content (>50% in dry matter) differs from one sample to another. Only in peels the content of starch was about 3.5%. From all examined samples, the lowest content of fat was found in crunchy products Cocoa, 1.7%. The lowest amount of histidine was determined in all studied samples, except peels, the highest content of glutamic acid was determined in almost all samples, except peels. Whole-meal flour is very rich source of Ca and Fe. The content of these elements was 1172 mg.kg-1 and 45.9 mg.kg-1, respectively. On the other hand, the highest content of Pb (>1 mg.kg-1) was found in broken seeds. The greatest concentration of rutin was determined in blossoms and leaves (83.6 and 69.9 mg.g-1), respectively. On the other hand, the lowest concentrations of rutin were found in buckwheat products (generally less then 1 mg.g-1, i.e. in wholemeal flour, 702 μg.kg-1, the lowest (almost 10 μg.kg-1) in pasta.
Low administration of bee pollen in the diet affects qualitative histological characteristics of bone in male rats
Authors: Martiniaková Monika , Boboňová Ivana , Omelka Radoslav , Ďúranová Hana , Babosová Ramona , Stawarz Robert , Toman Róbert
Published: November 2014

Bee pollen is often used as a dietary additive because it contains proteins and is rich in vitamins, minerals and phytochemicals. However, its impact on growth characteristics and bone microstructure is still poorly understood. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of low administration of bee pollen on selected growth characteristics and histological structure of femoral bones in rats. For this purpose, 1-month-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups of 5 animals each. In the control group (CG), rats were fed a commercial diet throughout the experiment (90 days). Rats of experimental group (EG) received standard diets with a 0.2% addition of bee pollen for the same time period of treatment. At the end of the experiment, macroscopical and microscopical structures of femoral bones from all rats were analysed using analytical scales, sliding instrument, polarized light microscopy and atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The statistical analysis of obtained data did not reveal significant differences for body weight, femoral weight, femoral length, and cortical bone thickness between both investigated groups of rats. However, a higher number of primary and secondary osteons was observed in the central area of substantia compacta and near periosteal surfaces in rats from the EG group. Histomorphometrical data of primary osteons' vascular canals, Haversian canals and secondary osteons did not differ between rats from both groups. Also, concentrations of Ca, Mg, Fe and Zn in the bones of rats from the EG group were similar to those from CG group. Our results indicate that 0.2% concentration of bee pollen in the diet significantly affects qualitative histological characteristics of femoral bones in rats. On the other hand, it has no impact on the size of primary and secondary osteons and on the content of Ca, Mg, Fe and Zn in the bones of male rats.
The pattern of urologic care among traumatic spinal cord injured patients
Authors: Welk Blayne , Tran Kim Chi , Liu Kuan , Shariff Salimah
Published: November 2014

Introduction: We assessed the urologic care patterns of traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) patients.Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of adult TSCI patients injured between 2002 and 2012. The primary outcome was urologic consultation. The primary exposure was the year of injury. Measured covariates included lesion level, age, gender, comorbidity burden, and socioeconomic status.Results: We identified 1551 incident TSCI patients who were discharged from a rehabilitation hospital in Ontario between 2002 and 2012. The median follow-up time of this cohort was 5.0 (interquartile range [IQR] 2.9–7.5) years. Within this cohort, 74% were male, and the mean age was 48 (IQR 33-63) years. In total, 66% of patients (1022/1551) were seen by a urologist in a median of 0.7 (IQR 0.2-3.0) years after the SCI. Over the study period, there was no change in the proportion of TSCI patients being assessed by a urologist within 1 year of their initial injury (median 55.1%, p = 0.92 for the trend). An adjusted Cox proportional hazards model demonstrated that TSCI patients who were female (hazard ratio [HR] 0.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.66–0.92) or over 65 years of age (HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.57–0.85) were significantly less likely to be referred to a urologist.Conclusions: Urologists are often not involved in the care of TSCI patients, and this has not changed significantly over the last 10 years. Females and older patients are significantly less likely to be referred to a urologist.
Some bilateral generating functions involving the Erkus-Srivastava polynomials and some general classes of multivariable polynomials
Authors: Gaboury Sébastien , Tremblay Richard , Özarslan Mehmet Ali
Published: November 2014

Recently, Liu et al. [Bilateral generating functions for the Erkucs-Srivastava polynomials and the generalized Lauricella function, Appl.Math.Comput.218 (2012),pp.7685-7693 investigated some various families of bilateral generating functions involving the Erkucs Srivastava polynomials. The aim of this present paper is to obtain some bilateral generating functions involving the Erkucs-Srivastava polynomials and three general classes of multivariable polynomials introduced earlier by Srivastava in A contour integral involving Fox's H-function, Indian J.Math.14 (1972), pp.1-6, A multilinear generating function for the Konhauser sets of biorthogonal polynomials suggested by the Laguerre polynomials, Pacific J.Math.117 (1985), pp.183-191] and by Kaanouglu and Ozarslan in Two-sided generating functions for certain class of r-variable polynomials, Mathematical and Computer Modelling 54 (2011), pp.625-631. Special cases involving the (Srivastava-Daoust) generalized Lauricella functions are also given.
Recent Advances in the Control of Piezoelectric Actuators
Authors: Chi Ziqiang , Xu Qingsong
Published: November 2014

The micro/nano positioning field has made great progress towards enabling the advance of micro/nano technology. Micro/nano positioning stages actuated by piezoelectric actuators are the key devices in micro/nano manipulation. The control of piezoelectric actuators has emerged as a hot topic in recent years. Piezoelectric materials have inherent hysteresis and creep nonlinearity, which can reduce the accuracy of the manipulation, even causing the instability of the whole system. Remarkable efforts have been made to compensate for the nonlinearity of piezoelectric actuation through the mathematical modelling and control approaches. This paper provides a review of recent advances on the control of piezoelectric actuators. After a brief introduction of basic components of typical piezoelectric micro/nano positioning platforms, the working principle and modelling of piezoelectric actuators are outlined in this paper. This is followed with the major control method and recent progress is presented in detail. Finally, some open issues and future work on the control of piezoelectric actuators are extensively discussed.
The Association of Obesity and Sistemic Arterial Hypertension with High-Grade Prostate Cancer: Our Experience
Authors: Simona Di Francesco  , Raffaele L. Tenaglia
Published: November 2014

Introduction: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the first most frequently diagnosed cancer and the second most common cause of cancer death worldwide. We hypothesized that the presence of obesity and systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), separately and combined, would be associated with increased High-grade PCa risk, since the initial diagnosis.
Methods: We evaluated, in 133 patients undergoing prostate biopsy at our institution, the relationship between obesity (BMI 30) and SAH (systolic blood pressure 140, diastolic blood pressure 90) with High-grade PCa (Gleason score  7) at initial diagnosis. Men with urological surgery history, steroid therapy, chemotherapy, incomplete data, were excluded.
Results:Obesity was significantly associated (OR 2.25, p < 0.05) with High-grade PCa since the initial diagnosis. Particularly, obesity in association with SAH, was significantly linked to aggressive PCa pre-treatment (OR 2.84, p < 0.05). SAH was not associated in our study with aggressive PCa in non-obese men.
Conclusions:Obesity and SAH were significantly linked to aggressive PCa, at initial diagnosis, prior to hormonal or surgical therapy. Further larger studies should better clarify this relationship to support these associations and to evaluate future preventive and therapeutic strategies.
Faire la littérature. La réception des textes et des auteurs québécois à la revue Études françaises (1965-2014)
Authors: Lapointe Martine-Emmanuelle
Published: November 2014

À partir des principes énoncés par Georges-André Vachon en 1970 et 1965, cet article retrace la place centrale de la littérature québécoise à la revue Études françaises tout au long de ses cinquante ans d’existence. Véritable « baromètre » de l’institutionnalisation de cette littérature, le traitement qu’en propose la revue évolue, par déplacements successifs, d’une position d’intervention et de défense de la littérature québécoise en train de se faire dans les années 1970, à une intégration de ses textes aux diverses questions critiques et théoriques étudiées à la revue, dans une approche éventuellement comparative, dès les années 1980. En témoigne tout particulièrement la réception de certaines oeuvres canoniques, parmi lesquelles celles de Saint-Denys Garneau dont la réévaluation s’amorce à Études françaises, et de Réjean Ducharme dont la relecture, dès 1975, participe à la classicisation rapide qui la caractérise.
« L’épreuve de la lecture publique »
Authors: Lacroix Michel
Published: November 2014

Cet article se penche sur le projet fondateur de la revue Études françaises et l’esprit qui en a marqué les premières décennies en montrant, en premier lieu, comment la création de celle-ci s’inscrit dans une transformation marquée de l’Université de Montréal, qui impose le primat de la recherche et des divisions disciplinaires. Études françaises se distingue cependant en tentant une conciliation entre le discours savant et la création littéraire, qui s’inscrit dans la foulée de la « nouvelle critique », développe une herméneutique de la confiance et résiste à l’emballement théorique, comme le montre une comparaison avec Études littéraires.
Les revues littéraires en ligne : entre éditorialisation et réseaux d’intelligences
Authors: Vitali-Rosati Marcello
Published: November 2014

Cet article propose un état des lieux sur les revues littéraires numériques. Cette tâche pourrait sembler facile si l’on considère que ces expériences existent depuis très peu de temps. Les premières revues en ligne apparaissent, en effet, au début des années 1990. Pourtant, la question est beaucoup plus complexe que ce que l’on pourrait penser, et cela, pour une série de raisons qui seront analysées dans cet article. Il n’est tout d’abord pas évident de s’entendre sur ce que l’on définit par l’expression « revue littéraire numérique ». D’une part car on fait référence, avec le mot « numérique », à une série d’expériences et de pratiques hétérogènes et différentes qui peuvent difficilement être regroupées ensemble. D’autre part parce que ce qu’on appelle désormais la « révolution numérique » a déterminé des changements importants quant au sens des contenus, de leur production, de leur validation et de leur distribution et a par conséquent fortement affecté la signification du mot « revue » lui-même. Il faudra ainsi prendre séparément en considération une série de phénomènes différents et essayer de rendre compte de pratiques hétérogènes qui se chevauchent et empiètent l’une sur l’autre. L’article proposera d’abord une analyse des enjeux de la numérisation des revues, à savoir le processus de transposition des revues papier au format électronique. Il s’attaquera ensuite aux expériences des revues numériques dès leur création pour comprendre s’il y a une différence, et laquelle, entre les premières et les secondes. Pour finir, on tentera de comprendre en quoi le numérique en tant que phénomène culturel — et en particulier les changements de diffusion et de circulation des contenus ainsi que les différentes formes de ce que l’on appelle désormais « éditorialisation » — a transformé l’idée même de revue et donné lieu à des pratiques et à des expériences complexes et hybrides dont la place dans le panorama culturel est difficile à saisir.
Éditer des revues savantes
Authors: Melançon Benoît
Published: November 2014

Si la finalité d’une revue savante est de produire des objets selon des normes relativement stables, il est évident que la version papier des revues est d’ores et déjà obsolète. En revanche, si une revue se conçoit comme un lieu d’animation scientifique, elle a encore de beaux jours devant elle. Les presses universitaires n’ont pas à imposer une façon de faire plus qu’une autre : à chaque revue de définir sa mission et de s’approprier, à son rythme, les outils nécessaires à sa réalisation. Elles peuvent cependant aider les directions de revues à franchir le pas, si ces revues souhaitent le franchir, dans les meilleures conditions possibles, afin de leur permettre de jouer le rôle stimulant d’animateur de communautés savantes qui devrait être, d’abord et avant tout, le leur.
Populismo (en) democracia. Repensando los sentidos de la emancipación en el sur de América Latina
Authors: Reano Ariana
Published: November 2014

This paper has two objectives. Firstly, it proposes rethinking the relationship between populism and democracy, by challenging the positions which create a radical antagonism between these two political dynamics. In order to do this, the paper refers to guidelines put forward by Ernesto Laclau, relating to the rupture and reconstruction of populism understood as political logic. This idea is complemented by contributions from Jacques Rancière, in order to explore the democratizing dimension of populist movements. Secondly, the article analyzes two examples of contemporary governments – that of Nestor Kirchner in Argentina, and of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva in Brazil – to show how they invite us to re-examine the theoretical-political debate on the concept of democracy as it is currently understood. Re-establishing the debate on the tension between the formal and the substantive dimension of democracy will allow us to rethink the various ways in which a populist logic might lead to a democratizing logic.
Gaitanismo y populismo. Algunos antecedentes historiográficos y posibles contribuciones desde la teoría de la hegemonía
Authors: Acosta Olaya Cristian
Published: November 2014

This paper proposes establishing a critical dialogue between the most recent theoretical developments on populism and some of the most notable historiographical studies on the political process of Jorge Eliécer Gaitán in the mid-20th-century. The study is based on a conceptual framework of populism, which is understood as a process involving the creation of identities and political solidarities. The current paper looks to investigate the relevance of a complementary reading of the gaitanist process. It is within the dialogue between historiography and political theory that this paper suggests rethinking the relationship between the populist phenomenon, democracy, and violence in Colombia.
Violencia(s) y populismo: aproximaciones a una lucha conceptual en Colombia y Argentina
Authors: Magrini Ana Lucía
Published: November 2014

This article proposes reconstructing some fundamental aspects of the political-intellectual disputes by defining what was popular in Colombia and Argentina in the second half of the 20th century. We argue that these disputes led to the birth of two concepts which persist in public debate in both countries: violence in Colombia, and populism in Argentina. Specifically, we look at two events which played a central role: ‘April 9th, Gaitan, gaitanism’ and ‘October 17th, Peron, peronism,’ respectively.
Populismo, Estado y movimientos sociales. Posibles articulaciones en los contextos recientes de Argentina y Bolivia
Authors: Quiroga María Virginia , Pagliarone María Florencia
Published: November 2014

This article considers ‘kirchnerism‘ and ‘evism’ to be popular identity movements which have attempted to provide answers to the open social dislocations since the crisis of December 2001 in Argentina, and the cycle of protests from 2000-2005 in Bolivia. The emergence of both of these identity constructions has involved at least three simultaneous processes. Firstly, the gradual incorporation of public decision-making on subjects and demands which were formerly ignored; secondly, political divisions within communities; and, finally, establishing a nation within the new institutional framework currently in force. As these processes developed, some points of approach and distancing between the case studies were noted.
Accountability: aproximación conceptual desde la filosofía política y la ciencia política
Authors: Ríos Ramírez Alejandra , Cortés Arbeláez Alejandro , Suárez Valencia María Camila , Fuentes Vélez Laura
Published: November 2014

The aim of this article is to present the conceptual meaning of the term ‘accountability’ by looking at its philosophical-political background in liberal,republican and democratic traditions, allowing connections to be made with the notion of ‘being held accountable’. In addition, the article explains the meaning of ‘accountability’ and its various typologies (vertical, horizontal and social), from the perspective of political science. Following this, some conclusions are offered on the importance of the question of accountability in its substantive rather than legal form
La revolución militar posindustrial
Authors: Colom Piella Guillem
Published: November 2014

The article analyses the social, political, demographic, economic and technological changes that advanced societies have experienced and that have entailed the replacement of the modern military paradigm by a new post-industrial military model which reflects the current society. These changes constitute a Military Revolution that has transformed the state, society and the concept of war itself.
K
hinchin,
A
leksandr
Y
akovlevich
Authors: Vere‐Jones David
Published: November 2014

Aleksandr Yakovlevich Khinchin was the founder and leader of the Moscow school of probability, which dominated probability theory during much of the twentieth century. He was born in the last decade of the nineteenth century, and entered university just before the first world war and the Russian revolution. Throughout the turbulence of the ensuing years, he maintained an international reputation as an outstanding mathematician. His name is associated with major developments in probability theory, including the law of the iterated logarithm and the law of large numbers, and representation theorems for infinitely divisible distributions and the correlation functions of stationary processes. He is well known also for his series of lucid expository texts.
Phase‐Transfer‐Catalyzed Asymmetric SNAr Reaction of α‐Amino Acid Derivatives with Arene Chromium Complexes
Authors: Shirakawa Seiji , Yamamoto Kenichiro , Maruoka Keiji
Published: November 2014

Although phase‐transfer‐catalyzed asymmetric SNAr reactions provide unique contribution to the catalytic asymmetric α‐arylations of carbonyl compounds to produce biologically active α‐aryl carbonyl compounds, the electrophiles were limited to arenes bearing strong electron‐withdrawing groups, such as a nitro group. To overcome this limitation, we examined the asymmetric SNAr reactions of α‐amino acid derivatives with arene chromium complexes derived from fluoroarenes, including those containing electron‐donating substituents. The arylation was efficiently promoted by binaphthyl‐modified chiral phase‐transfer catalysts to give the corresponding α,α‐disubstituted α‐amino acids containing various aromatic substituents with high enantioselectivities.
Transition‐Metal‐Free Formal Decarboxylative Coupling of α‐Oxocarboxylates with α‐Bromoketones under Neutral Conditions: A Simple Access to 1,3‐Diketones
Authors: He Zhen , Qi Xiaotian , Li Shiqing , Zhao Yinsong , Gao Ge , Lan Yu , Wu Yiwei , Lan Jingbo , You Jingsong
Published: November 2014

A transition‐metal‐free formal decarboxylative coupling reaction between α‐oxocarboxylates and α‐bromoketones to synthesize 1,3‐diketone derivatives is presented. In this reaction, a broad scope of substrates can be employed, and neither a metal‐based reagent nor an additional base is required. DFT calculations reveal that this reaction proceeds through a coupling followed by decarboxylation mechanism and the α‐bromoketone unprecedentedly serves as a nucleophile under neutral conditions. The rate‐determining step is an unusual hydrogen‐bond‐assisted enolate formation by thermolysis.
Chemische Fertigungssysteme: Kontrolle auf mehreren Ebenen für die divergente, kontinuierliche und vielstufige Synthese von pharmazeutisch aktiven Wirkstoffen
Authors: Ghislieri Diego , Gilmore Kerry , Seeberger Peter H.
Published: November 2014

Während kontinuierliche chemische Prozesse in der akademischen Forschung und der Industrie untersucht werden, werden nach wie vor praktisch alle pharmazeutisch aktiven Wirkstoffe (APIs; active pharmaceutical ingredients) über eine Abfolge einzelner Batchprozesse hergestellt. Methoden für die divergente, mehrstufige kontinuierliche Produktion von niedermolekularen Verbindungen sind bislang nicht verfügbar. Wir beschreiben hier die Entwicklung eines chemischen Fertigungssystems bestehend aus austauschbaren Durchflussreaktionsmodulen, das einen großen chemischen Strukturraum zugänglich macht. Die Steuerung des Gesamtprozesses auf drei Ebenen – durch die Wahl des Ausgangsmaterials, der Reagentien oder der Reihenfolge der Module – ermöglichte die Synthese von fünf APIs als Vertreter dreier unterschiedlicher Strukturklassen (γ‐Aminosäuren, γ‐Lactame, β‐Aminosäuren), einschließlich der Bestseller‐Medikamente Lyrica und Gabapentin, in guten Gesamtausbeuten (49–75 %).
Magnet Design by Integration of Layer and Chain Magnetic Systems in a π‐Stacked Pillared Layer Framework
Authors: Fukunaga Hiroki , Miyasaka Hitoshi
Published: November 2014

The control of inter‐lattice magnetic interactions is a crucial issue when long‐range ordered magnets that are based on low‐dimensional magnetic frameworks are designed. A “pillared layer framework (PLF)” model could be an efficient system for this purpose. In this report, A magnet based on a π‐stacked PLF with a phase transition temperature of 82 K, which can be increased to 107 K by applying a pressure of 12.5 kbar, is rationally constructed. Two types of low‐dimensional magnetic framework systems, an electron donor/acceptor magnetic layer and a charge transfer [FeCp*2]+TCNQ.− columnar magnet ([FeCp*2]+=decamethylferrocenium; TCNQ=7,7,8,8‐tetracyano‐p‐quinodimethane), are integrated to fabricate the magnet. This synthetic strategy employing a combination of layers and chains is widely useful not only for magnet design, but also for the creation of multifunctional materials with pores and anisotropic frameworks.
Catalytic Reduction of CN−, CO, and CO2 by Nitrogenase Cofactors in Lanthanide‐Driven Reactions
Authors: Lee Chi Chung , Hu Yilin , Ribbe Markus W.
Published: November 2014

Nitrogenase cofactors can be extracted into an organic solvent to catalyze the reduction of cyanide (CN−), carbon monoxide (CO), and carbon dioxide (CO2) without using adenosine triphosphate (ATP), when samarium(II) iodide (SmI2) and 2,6‐lutidinium triflate (Lut‐H) are employed as a reductant and a proton source, respectively. Driven by SmI2, the cofactors catalytically reduce CN− or CO to C1–C4 hydrocarbons, and CO2 to CO and C1–C3 hydrocarbons. The CC coupling from CO2 indicates a unique Fischer–Tropsch‐like reaction with an atypical carbonaceous substrate, whereas the catalytic turnover of CN−, CO, and CO2 by isolated cofactors suggests the possibility to develop nitrogenase‐based electrocatalysts for the production of hydrocarbons from these carbon‐containing compounds.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Putative Lipiarmycin Aglycon Related to Fidaxomicin/Tiacumicin B
Authors: Erb William , Grassot Jean‐Marie , Linder David , Neuville Luc , Zhu Jieping
Published: November 2014

An enantioselective synthesis of a putative lipiarmycin aglycon was accomplished and features: 1) Brown′s enantioselective alkoxyallylboration and allylation of aldehydes, 2) chain elongation by iterative Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons olefination, 3) Evans’ aldol reaction and 4) an ene‐diene ring‐closing metathesis. A neighboring‐group‐assisted chemoselective reductive desilylation was uncovered in this study and was instrumental to the realization of the present synthesis.
Enzymatic oxidative polymerization of pyrogallic acid for preparation of hindered phenol antioxidant
Authors: Zheng Ke , Zhang Lei , Gao Yahui , Wu Yufeng , Zhao Wenshan , Cui Yuanchen
Published: November 2014

A novel antioxidant with high molecular weight was successfully synthesized via horseradish peroxide‐catalyzed oxidative polymerization of pyrogallic acid. As‐synthesized poly(pyrogallic acid), a black powder completely soluble in common organic solvents, has a number‐averaged molecular weight of about several thousand and consists of phenylene and oxyphenylene units. Besides, as‐prepared poly(pyrogallic acid) exhibits much better thermal stability and antioxidant capacity than butylated hydroxyanisole (denoted as BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (denoted as BHT), two kinds of commercial antioxidants. And it was also found that the higher phenolic content the pyrogallic acid polymer possess, the better antioxidant activity the poly(pyrogallic acid) shows. More importantly, poly(pyrogallic acid) could effectively inhibit the oxidation degradation of polypropylene (denoted as PP) during plastic processing. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41591.
Modified N–P Interpolation Theory for Closed Loop Pole Placement
Authors: Aruna B. , Devanathan R.
Published: November 2014

Khargonekar and Tannenbaum have shown how to modify the Nevanlinna‐Pick (N–P) interpolation theory to design an internally stable and robust controller. In this paper, we present a new modification of the N‐P theory so that closed‐loop poles can be placed inside a circular region in the left half of the complex plane, in addition to the control system design being robust and internally stable. This ensures a minimum damping of the closed‐loop system. Numerical examples illustrate the theory.
Gold(I)/Chiral Brønsted Acid Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydroamination–Hydroarylation of Alkynes: The Effect of a Remote Hydroxyl Group on the Reactivity and Enantioselectivity
Authors: Shinde Valmik S. , Mane Manoj V. , Vanka Kumar , Mallick Arijit , Patil Nitin T.
Published: November 2014

The catalytic enantioselective hydroamination–hydroarylation of alkynes under the catalysis of (R3P)AuMe/(S)‐3,3′‐bis(2,4,6‐triisopropylphenyl)‐1,1′‐binaphthyl‐2,2′‐diyl hydrogenphosphate ((S)‐TRIP) is reported. The alkyne was reacted with a range of pyrrole‐based aromatic amines to give pyrrole‐embedded aza‐heterocyclic scaffolds bearing a quaternary carbon center. The presence of a hydroxyl group in the alkyne tether turned out to be very crucial for obtaining products in high yields and enantioselectivities. The mechanism of enantioinduction was established by carefully performing experimental and computational studies.