bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring multi-stakeholder value co-creation as an entrepreneurial approach to survival and sustainability: The case of Pennine Pubs
Authors: Brown David M , Apostolidis Chrysostomos , Singh Pallavi , Dey Bidit L , Chelekis Jessica
Published: December 2022

This case focuses on the entrepreneurial use of multi-stakeholder value co-creation to emerge stronger from challenging trading conditions. In particular, it examines Pennine Pubs, a small-/medium-sized enterprise (SME) operating several rural public houses, which are licensed to sell food and alcoholic drinks to guests. Based in Northern England, it has adapted commercial strategies to mitigate government-enforced Covid-19 lockdowns. Pennine Pubs’ Managing Director is currently considering how to build upon the multi-stakeholder value co-creation strategy which emerged quickly immediately before and during the first lockdown period, when customers were prohibited from visiting pubs. He expects the outcome to be a more refined and sustainable commercial strategy which retains the most significant benefits of his lockdown-period innovations. The case considers how co-creation is applied as a reaction to unforeseen business challenges, and how it can underpin proactive strategies to capitalise upon favourable trading conditions. The concept is explored in the context of rapidly evolving, unpredictable and highly problematic constraints upon retail trade, and the ‘new normal’ of customers returning to retail premises, albeit with expectations modified by recent experiences. Finally, the case considers the impact of SMEs collaborating with suppliers, customers and other stakeholders to co-create mutual, commercially sustainable value.
Longitudinal Trajectories of Post-Stroke Depression Symptom Subgroups
Authors: Ashaie Sameer A. , Funkhouser Carter J. , Jabbarinejad Roxana , Cherney Leora R. , Shankman Stewart A.
Published: December 2022

Background

Post-stroke depressive symptoms are prevalent and impairing, and elucidating their course and risk factors is critical for reducing their public health burden. Previous studies have examined the course of post-stroke depression, but distinct depressive symptom dimensions (eg, somatic symptoms, negative affect [eg, sadness], anhedonia [eg, loss of interest]) may vary differently over time.

Objective

The present study examined within-person and between-person associations between depressive symptom dimensions across 3 timepoints in the year following discharge from in-patient rehabilitation hospitals, as well as the impact of multiple clinical variables (eg, aphasia).

Methods

Stroke survivors completed the Center for Epidemiologic Depression Scale (CES-D) at discharge from post-stroke rehabilitation (“T1”) and at 3-month (“T2”) and 12-month (“T3”) follow-ups. Scores on previously identified CES-D subscales (somatic symptoms, anhedonia, and negative affect) were calculated at each timepoint. Random intercept cross-lagged panel model analysis examined associations between symptom dimensions while disaggregating within-person and between-person effects.

Results

There were reciprocal, within-person associations between somatic symptoms and anhedonia from T1 to T2 and from T2 to T3. Neither dimension was predictive of, or predicted by negative affect.

Conclusions

The reciprocal associations between somatic symptoms and anhedonia may reflect a “vicious cycle,” and suggest these 2 symptom dimensions may be useful indicators of risk and/or intervention targets. Regularly assessing depression symptoms starting during inpatient rehabilitation may help identify stroke survivors at risk for depression symptoms and facilitate early intervention.
Functional Neuroplasticity and Motor Skill Change Following Gross Motor Interventions for Children With Diplegic Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Hilderley Alicia J. , Wright F. Virginia , Taylor Margot J. , Chen Joyce L. , Fehlings Darcy
Published: December 2022

Background

Gross motor intervention designs for children with diplegic cerebral palsy (DCP) require an improved understanding of the children’s potential for neuroplasticity.

Objective

To identify relations between functional neuroplasticity and motor skill changes following gross motor interventions for children with DCP.

Methods

There were 17 participants with DCP (ages 8-16 years; 6 females; Gross Motor Function Classification System Level I [n = 9] and II [n = 8]). Each completed a 6-week gross motor intervention program that was directed toward achievement of individualized motor/physical activity goals. Outcomes were assessed pre/post and 4 to 6 months post-intervention (follow-up). An active ankle dorsiflexion task was completed during functional magnetic resonance imaging. The ratio of motor cortical activation volume in each hemisphere was calculated using a laterality index. The Challenge was the primary gross motor skill measure. Change over time and relations among outcomes were evaluated.

Results

Challenge scores improved post-intervention (4.57% points [SD 4.45], P = .004) and were maintained at follow-up (0.75% [SD 6.57], P = 1.000). The laterality index for dominant ankle dorsiflexion increased ( P = .033), while non-dominant change was variable ( P = .534). Contralateral activation (laterality index ≥+0.75) was most common for both ankles. Challenge improvements correlated with increased ipsilateral activity (negative laterality index) during non-dominant dorsiflexion ( r = −.56, P = .045). Smaller activation volume during non-dominant dorsiflexion predicted continued gross motor gains at follow-up ( R2 = .30, P = .040).

Conclusions

Motor cortical activation during non-dominant ankle dorsiflexion is a modest indicator of the potential for gross motor skill change. Further investigation of patterns of neuroplastic change will improve our understanding of effects.

ClinicalTrials.gov Registry:

NCT02584491 and NCT02754128
Low Peripheral B-Cell Counts in Patients With Systemic Rheumatic Diseases Due to Treatment With Belimumab and/or Rituximab Are Associated With Low Antibody Responses to Primary COVID-19 Vaccination
Authors: Zhang-Sun Jeffrey , Kirou Raphael A. , Kirou Kyriakos A.
Published: December 2022

Background: Immunosuppressive agents inhibit COVID-19 vaccine antibody (Ab) responses in patients with systemic rheumatic diseases. Rituximab may fully block Ab responses when B cells become undetected. The effect of detected but low number of B cells due to treatment with a B-cell agent (belimumab and/or rituximab) has not been established. Purpose: We sought to examine whether there is an association between a low number of B cells due to treatment with belimumab and/or rituximab and impaired primary COVID-19 vaccination spike Ab responses in patients with systemic rheumatic diseases. Methods: We retrospectively examined Ab responses to COVID-19 vaccinations, especially in relation to B-cell counts after treatment with belimumab and/or rituximab, in 58 patients with systemic rheumatic diseases: 22 on and 36 not on B-cell agents. We used Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests for comparison of Ab values between the groups and Fisher exact test for relative risk calculations. Results: Median (interquartile range) postvaccination Ab responses were lower in patients on versus those not on B-cell agents: 3.91 (0.77–20.00) versus 20.00 (14.32–20.00), respectively. Among patients on belimumab and/or rituximab, Ab responses of less than 25% of the assay’s upper limit were exclusively observed in those with B-cell counts lower than 40/µL. Patients with B-cell counts lower than 40/µL exhibit a relative risk of 6.092 (95% CI: 2.75–14.24) for Ab responses of less than 25% of the upper limit compared with patients not on B-cell agents. This relative risk remained significant, even after excluding patients with undetected B cells. Conclusion: This retrospective study found an association between low B-cell counts (less than 40/µL) and decreased Ab responses to primary COVID-19 vaccination in patients with systemic rheumatic diseases treated with belimumab and/or rituximab. Despite the small number of patients studied, these findings add to the accumulating evidence on the importance of B-cell count in predicting spike Ab responses to COVID-19 vaccination.
Spontaneous haemothorax caused by a ruptured pulmonary arterio-venous malformation: A manifestation of hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia in pregnancy
Authors: Filbrich Maike , Brisbois Denis , Lebrun Yves , Godin Pierre-Arnaud , Verscheure Sara
Published: December 2022

We report our experience of managing a massive haemothorax caused by a ruptured, previously unknown, pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (pAVM) at 34 + 5 weeks of gestation, which proved to be a manifestation of hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), also known as Osler–Weber–Rendu syndrome. The patient underwent an emergency caesarean section under general anaesthesia after placement of a chest tube and gave birth to a healthy infant. A postoperative thoracic computed tomography angiography highlighted the presence of the large pAVM. Transcatheter embolization was performed right after the delivery. Subsequent patient's anamnesis, family history and genetic analysis finally revealed the presence of the syndrome. The aim of our report is to create awareness of this serious condition with potential life-threatening complications, especially in pregnancy. Simple criteria have been published and allow to easily consider HHT and the presence of potential AVM during anamnesis, ideally even before pregnancy.
Few-Shot Object Detection Based on Adaptive Attention Mechanism and Large-Margin Softmax
Authors: Huang Rong , Lin Runchao , Dong Aihua , Wang Zhijie
Published: December 2022

Recently, a DCNet consisting of a dense relation distillation module and a context-aware aggregation module has achieved remarkable performance for the few-shot object detection task. In this article, we aim to improve the DCNet from the following two aspects. First, we design an adaptive attention module, which is equipped in the front of the dense relation distillation module, and can be trained together with the remainder parts of the DCNet. After training, the adaptive attention module helps to enhance foreground features and to suppress the background features. Second, we introduce a large-margin Softmax into the dense relation distillation module. The large-margin Softmax with a hyperparameter can normalize features without reducing the discriminability between different classes. We conduct extensive experiments on the PASCAL visual object classes and the Microsoft common objects in context data sets. The experimental results show that the proposed method can work under the few-shot scenario and achieves the mean average precision of 50.8% on the PASCAL visual object classes data set and 13.1% on the Microsoft common objects in context data set, which both outperform the existing baselines. Moreover, ablation studies and visualizations validate the usefulness of the adaptive attention module and the large-margin Softmax. The proposed method can be applied to recognize rare patterns in fabric images or detect clothes with new styles in natural scene images.
Application of mixed linear models for the estimation of functional effects on bovine stature based on SNP summary statistics from a whole-genome association study
Authors: Kotlarz Krzysztof , Kosinska-Selbi Barbara , Cai Zexi , Sahana Goutam , Szyda Joanna
Published: December 2022

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) help identify polymorphic sites or genes linked to phenotypic variance, but a few identified genes and/or single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are unlikely to explain a large part of the phenotypic variability of complex traits. In this study, the focus was moved from single loci to functional units, expressed by the metabolic pathways as defined in the Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database. Consequently, the aim of this study was to estimate KEGG effects on stature in three Nordic dairy cattle breeds using SNP effects from GWAS as the dependent variable. The SNPs were annotated to genes, then the genes to KEGG pathways. The effects of KEGG pathways were estimated separately for each breed using a mixed linear model incorporating the similarity between pathways expressed by common genes. The KEGG pathway D-amino acid metabolism (map00473) was estimated to be significant for stature in two of the analysed breeds and revealed a borderline significance in the third breed. Thus, we demonstrate that the approach to statistical modelling of higher order functional effects on complex traits is useful, and provides evidence of the importance of D-amino acids for growth in cattle.
Overexpressed cold inducible RNA-binding protein improves cell viability and EGF expression in glial cells
Authors: Liu Aijun , Li Shouchun , Jiao Yongcheng , Kong Haibo , Zhang Zhiwen
Published: December 2022

Background

Cold inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP) is a key protein in the hypothermic therapy. Highly expressed CIRP exerts a neuroprotective effect on neurons. The aim of this study is to provide the evidence of the protective effects of CIRP on the glial cells and explore the downstream pathway of CIRP.

Results

The results of this study demonstrated that the cell viability of the glial cells with CIRP overexpression was increased significantly compared to the control. With CIRP overexpression, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) mRNA expression was found increasing significantly and the mRNA expressions of derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), bcl-2, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) were not upregulated compared to the control. EGF and CIRP co-expression was demonstrated on the glial cells. With CIRP expression, EGF expression on the glial cells was increased statistically compared to the control.

Conclusion

CIRP overexpression increases the cell viability of the glial cells, exerting a neuroprotective effect. EGF expression is activated on the glial cells with CIRP overexpression, implying a pathway of CIRP neuroprotection via EGF activation.
Ecological and biogeographic features shaped the complex evolutionary history of an iconic apex predator (Galeocerdo cuvier)
Authors: Lesturgie Pierre , Lainé Hugo , Suwalski Arnaud , Chifflet-Belle Pascaline , Maisano Delser Pierpaolo , Clua Eric , Jaquemet Sébastien , Magalon Hélène , Mona Stefano
Published: December 2022

Background

The tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier) is a large iconic marine predator inhabiting worldwide tropical and subtropical waters. So far, only mitochondrial markers and microsatellites studies have investigated its worldwide historical demography with inconclusive outcomes. Here, we assessed for the first time the genomic variability of tiger shark based on RAD-seq data for 50 individuals from five sampling sites in the Indo-Pacific (IP) and one in the Atlantic Ocean (AO) to decipher the extent of the species’ global connectivity and its demographic history.

Results

Clustering algorithms (PCA and NMF), FST and an approximate Bayesian computation framework revealed the presence of two clusters corresponding to the two oceanic basins. By modelling the two-dimensional site frequency spectrum, we tested alternative isolation/migration scenarios between these two identified populations. We found the highest support for a divergence time between the two ocean basins of ~ 193,000 years before present (B.P) and an ongoing but limited asymmetric migration ~ 176 times larger from the IP to the AO (Nm ~ 3.9) than vice versa (Nm ~ 0.02).

Conclusions

The two oceanic regions are isolated by a strong barrier to dispersal more permeable from the IP to the AO through the Agulhas leakage. We finally emphasized contrasting recent demographic histories for the two regions, with the IP characterized by a recent bottleneck around 2000 years B.P. and the AO by an expansion starting 6000 years B.P. The large differentiation between the two oceanic regions and the absence of population structure within each ocean basin highlight the need for two large management units and call for future conservation programs at the oceanic rather than local scale, particularly in the Indo-Pacific where the population is declining.
Deregulated RNAs involved in sympathetic regulation of sepsis-induced acute lung injury based on whole transcriptome sequencing
Authors: Zhang Jia , Zhang Zhao , Nie Xinran , Liu Yingli , Qi Yong , Wang Jing
Published: December 2022

Sympathetic nerves play essential roles in the regulation of lung inflammation, and we investigated the effect of sympathetic denervation (SD) on sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice. Mice were randomized to the control, SD, ALI and SD + ALI, groups. SD and ALI were established through intratracheal 6-hydroxydopamine and intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide, respectively. Models and gene expressions levels were evaluated by HE staining, ELISA, Western blotting and RT-qPCR. RNA extraction, whole transcriptome sequencing and subsequent biostatistical analysis were performed. Sympathetic denervation in the lungs significantly attenuated lung TNF-ɑ and norepinephrine expression, alleviated sepsis-induced acute lung injury and inhibited NF-κB signaling. Compared with the ALI group, the SD + ALI group exhibited 629 DE circRNAs, 269 DE lncRNAs,7 DE miRNAs and 186 DE mRNAs, respectively. Some DE RNAs were validated by RT-qPCR. CircRNA–miRNA–mRNA regulatory networks in the SD + ALI group revealed enrichment of the B-cell receptor signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction, CAM, primary immunodeficiency, and cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction terms. The lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network also revealed inflammation–related signaling pathways. Taken together, based on the successfully established models of SD and ALI, we show here that sympathetic nerves may regulate sepsis-induced ALI supposedly by affecting the expression of circRNAs, lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs in the lungs. These results may allow for further exploration of the roles of pulmonary sympathetic nerves in sepsis-induced ALI.
Value of abdominal ultrasonography in predicting intestinal resection for premature infants with necrotizing enterocolitis
Authors: Chen Jingyu , Mu Fangting , Gao Kai , Yan Chengwei , Chen Gongli , Guo Chunbao
Published: December 2022

Background

Abdominal ultrasonography (AUS) has been suggested to be valuable in the early detection of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).

Objective

Here, we intended to assess the efficiency of abdominal ultrasound in terms of predicting bowel resection in infants with NEC.

Methods

From January 2018 to March 2021, 164 hospitalized children with NEC who underwent surgical management were enrolled. The enrolled infants were separated into two groups according to whether they underwent bowel resection. We reviewed the clinical data, as well as dynamic sonographic and abdominal radiographic (AR) parameters. The potential performance of AUS parameters was identified and compared with that of AR using a logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.

Results

Several parameters were detected to be statistically significant in predicting the occurrence of bowel resection, including thick to thin transformation [p < 0.001, odds ratios (OR), 4.38; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.26–8.52], absence of peristalsis certain areas (p = 0.001, OR, 2.99; 95% CI 1.53–5.86), absence of bowel wall perfusion (p < 0.001, OR 10.56; 95% CI 5.09–21.90), and portal venous gas (p = 0.016, OR, 2.21; 95% CI 1.12–4.37). Furthermore, the ROC curve analysis showed significant differences (p = 0.0021) in the area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) for the logistic models of AUS (AUROC: 0.755, 95% CI 0.660–0.849) and AR (AUROC: 0.693, 95% CI 0.597–0.789) for the prediction of intestinal resection.

Conclusions

A dynamic AUS examination play an important role to indicate the potential for bowel loss during the surgery.
Lower serum PRL is associated with the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Xu Ping , Zhu Ye , Ji Xinlu , Ma Huayang , Zhang Pengzi , Bi Yan
Published: December 2022

Background

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become an epidemic worldwide and has been linked to a series of metabolic co-morbidities. Prolactin (PRL) has recently been found to have a negative effect on NAFLD, but a causal relationship is not well-understood. Here we investigated the causative relationship between PRL and NAFLD occurrence.

Methods

In this retrospective cohort study, we enrolled patients without NAFLD who were diagnosed by abdominal ultrasonography undergone serum PRL testing at 8.00 a.m. at baseline, and followed up for a median of 32 (19, 46) months.

Results

This study enrolled 355 persons [215 men and 140 women; media age 56 (49, 64) years], in which 72 (20.28%) patients who eventually developed NAFLD. Compared with those in the non-NAFLD group, basal serum PRL levels of patients were lower in the NAFLD group [male: 7.35 (5.48, 10.60) vs. 9.13 (6.92, 12.50) ug/L, P = 0.002; female: 5.66 (4.67, 9.03) vs. 9.01 (6.31, 11.60) ug/L, P = 0.009]. The prevalence of NAFLD was significantly decreased along with the increased quartile of basal serum PRL levels in both genders (P < 0.05). Serum PRL concentration was independently associated with NAFLD development [male: OR, 0.881 (0.777, 0.998), P = 0.047; female: OR, 0.725 (0.554, 0.949), P = 0.019].

Conclusion

Our study is the first to find that basal serum PRL level can predict the occurrence of NAFLD and it may be a potential biomarker to prevent and treat NAFLD.
Genetic diversity of transmission-blocking vaccine candidate antigens Pvs25 and Pvs28 in Plasmodium vivax isolates from China
Authors: Wang Siqi , Tian Peng , Li Shigang , Liu Hui , Guo Xiangrui , Huang Fang
Published: December 2022

Background

Transmission-blocking vaccines (TBVs) target the sexual stages of malaria parasites to reduce or interrupt the transmission cycle in human and mosquito populations. The genetic diversity of TBVs candidate antigens, Pvs25 and Pvs28, in Plasmodium vivax could provide evidence for the development of TBVs.

Methods

Dry blood spots from P. vivax patients were collected from Dandong, Suining, Hainan, Nyingchi, Tengchong, and Yingjiang in China. The pvs25 and pvs28 genes were amplified and sequenced. The genetic diversity of pvs25 and pvs28 were analyzed using DNASTAR, MEGA6, and DnaSP 5.0 programs.

Results

A total of 377 samples were collected, among which 324 and 272 samples were successfully amplified in the pvs25 and pvs28 genes, respectively. Eight haplotypes were identified in Pvs25, for which the predominant mutation was I130T with 100% prevalence. A variety of 22 haplotypes in Pvs28 were identified. The number of GSGGE/D repeats of Pvs28 was a range of 4–8, among which, high (7–8) and low (4–5) copy numbers of tandem repeats were found in haplotypes H2 and H17, respectively. The nucleotide diversity of pvs28 (π = 0.00305 ± 0.00061) was slightly higher than that of pvs25 (π = 0.00146 ± 0.00007), thus they were not significantly different (P > 0.05). The Tajima's D value of pvs25 was positive whereas pvs28 was negative, which indicated that both genes were affected by natural selection.

Conclusion

The genetic diversity of pvs25 and pvs28 genes in China was relatively limited, which provided valuable information for TBVs design and optimization.
Recurrent peritonitis relapse in a patient with atrial septal defect undergoing peritoneal dialysis: a case report
Authors: Wang Jianying , Wu Shengqin , Sun Jingshu
Published: December 2022

Background

Peritonitis is the most common complication in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD). Most patients recover with appropriate antibiotic treatment; however, when peritonitis repeatedly relapses, the cause of recurrence must be explored. The relationship between atrial septal defect (ASD), infective endocarditis (IE), and peritonitis is rarely reported. Here, we present a case of recurrent peritonitis due to Staphylococcus aureus in a patient with ASD and IE undergoing PD.

Case presentation

A 46-year-old woman with chronic renal failure secondary to chronic glomerulonephritis experienced three episodes of peritonitis within 80 days of starting PD. The patient had a history of untreated ASD without symptoms. After undergoing PD for approximately 35 days, the patient was admitted to our hospital on April 5, 2016, due to abdominal pain and fever for 1 week (maximum temperature of 38.5 °C) accompanied by chills and shivering. The PD effluent from the time of her admission was positive for S. aureus. Thereafter, peritonitis recurred each month. When the third episode of peritonitis occurred, transthoracic echocardiography was performed, and a vegetation measuring 9.5 × 6.4 mm attached to the surface of the right ventricle around the ventricular septal membrane was identified. Finally, the patient was diagnosed with IE. Then, ASD repair surgery was successfully performed after the infection was controlled. The patient was followed up for 5 years, with no further episodes of recurrence.

Conclusions

When a patient with ASD undergoing PD develops peritonitis, especially relapsing peritonitis, the possibility of IE is significantly increased. ASD repair surgery may be an important contributing factor to prevent peritonitis recurrence.
Comparison between intravitreal ranibizumab injection and posterior subtenon triamcinolone acetonide injection at time of cataract surgery for prevention of progression of diabetic macular edema
Authors: Khalil Mahmoud Mohammed Ahmed Ali , Mansour Hosam Othman , Tawfik Ahmed Mohamed Raafat , Elmahdy Ahmed Gomaa
Published: December 2022

Background

The goal of this work is to assess progression of diabetic macular edema (DME) following intravitreal ranibizumab injection compared to subtenon triamcinolone acetonide injection at cataract operation.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of 73 eyes of 65 participant with DME, with central macular thickness (CMT) ≥ 300 μm. The included eyes were separated into three groups; phacoemulsification with intravitreal Ranibizumab injection group, phacoemulsification with subtenon Triamcinolone acetonide injection group and phacoemulsification only group. Main measures involved best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) one week, one month and three months post-operative. The CMT was compared preoperative and postoperative (one and three months).

Results

After 1 month of operation, there was a statistical substantial distinction in the median of CMT between ranibizumab & control group (p < 0.001), between subtenon TA & control group (p < 0.001) and in ranibizumab and subtenon TA group (p = 0.023). After 3 months, the variance between ranibizumab & control group was considerable (p < 0.0001) and the variance between subtenon TA & control group was considerable (p = 0.030).

Conclusions

Combined phacoemulsification with intravitreal injections of ranibizumab or subtenon triamcinolone acetonide may prevent further progression in CMT in individuals with DME following cataract operation.
Chronic diseases and productivity loss among middle-aged and elderly in India
Authors: Akhtar Shamrin , Mohanty Sanjay K. , Singh Rajeev Ranjan , Sen Soumendu
Published: December 2022

Context

Chronic diseases are growing in India and largely affecting the middle-aged and elderly population; many of them are in working age. Though a large number of studies estimated the out-of-pocket payment and financial catastrophe due to this condition, there are no nationally representative studies on productivity loss due to health problems. This paper examined the pattern and prevalence of productivity loss, due to chronic diseases among middle-aged and elderly in India.

Methods

We have used a total of 72,250 respondents from the first wave of Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI), conducted in 2017-18. We have used two dependent variables, limiting paid work and ever stopped work due to ill health. We have estimated the age-sex adjusted prevalence of ever stopped working due to ill health and limiting paid work across MPCE quintile and socio- demographic characteristics. Propensity Score Matching (PSM) and logistic regression was used to examine the effect of chronic diseases on both these variables.

Findings

We estimated that among middle aged adults in 45–64 years, 3,213 individuals accounting to 6.9% (95%CI:6.46–7.24) had ever-stopped work and 6,300 individuals accounting to 22.7% (95% CI: 21.49–23.95) had limiting paid work in India. The proportion of ever-stopped and limiting work due to health problem increased significantly with age and the number of chronic diseases. Limiting paid work is higher among females (25.1%), and in urban areas (24%) whereas ever-stopped is lower among female (5.7%) (95% CI:5.16–6.25 ) and in urban areas (4.9%) (95% CI: 4.20–5.69). The study also found that stroke (21.1%) and neurological or psychiatric problems (18%) were significantly associated with both ever stopped work and limiting paid work. PSM model shows that, those with chronic diseases are 4% and 11% more likely to stop and limit their work respectively. Regression model reveals that more than one chronic conditions had a consistent and significant positive impact on stopping work for over a year (increasing productivity loss) across all three models.

Conclusion

Individuals having any chronic disease has higher likelihood of ever stopped work and limiting paid work. Promoting awareness, screening and treatment at workplace is recommended to reduce adverse consequences of chronic disease in India.
Histopathological and risk factor analyses of oral potentially malignant disorders and oral cancer in a proactive screening in northeastern Thailand
Authors: Klongnoi Boworn , Sresumatchai Vanvisa , Clypuing Harin , Wisutthajaree Angkana , Pankam Jintana , Srimaneekarn Natchalee , Shrestha Binit , Khovidhunkit Siribang-on Piboonniyom
Published: December 2022

Background

Lip and oral cavity cancer has been reported as the 10th most common cancer in Thailand. Recently, a screening program for oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) and oral cancer was conducted in the northeastern Thailand which took into consideration a total of 371,911 people who resided in the provinces of Buriram, Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima, and Surin.

Methods

A total of 330,914 subjects were consecutively screened for risk factors of oral cancer by village health volunteers (VHVs) using a questionnaire (S1). Then, 186,710 subjects with one or more risk factors for oral cancer were referred for oral screening by dental auxiliaries or dentists at sub-district level hospitals (S2) where 86,941 subjects were subsequently screened. Afterwards, 1576 subjects with suspicious oral lesions for OPMDs or oral cancer attended local hospitals for further investigation and treatment. Oral medicine specialists, oral surgeons, and local dentists at the district level hospitals performed biopsies and the samples were sent for histopathological analysis. The objectives of the study were to report the histopathology findings from the biopsies obtained from these subjects and the associated risk factors.

Results

Out of 427 subjects who received biopsies, complete diagnostic results were obtained from 409 patients (462 specimens). The 5 most common histopathological results from these specimens were mild epithelial dysplasia (27.3%), fibroepithelial hyperplasia (14.5%), oral lichen planus/oral lichenoid reactions (11.5%), moderate epithelial dysplasia (8%), and acanthosis with or without hyperkeratosis (5%). Oral squamous cell carcinoma was detected in 14 subjects and 11 other forms of oral cancer were revealed. Among the analyzed risk factors, habitual betel quid chewing was established as a statistically significant risk factor associated with OPMDs and oral cancer.

Conclusion

The most frequently observed histopathological results of clinically suspected oral cancer and OPMDs included mild epithelial dysplasia, fibroepithelial hyperplasia, oral lichen planus/oral lichenoid reactions, moderate epithelial dysplasia, and acanthosis with or without hyperkeratosis. Betel quid chewing habit was found to be associated with OPMDs and oral cancer.
The lived experience of patients with obesity at a metropolitan public health setting
Authors: Pazsa Fiona M. , Said Catherine M. , Haines Kimberley J. , Silburn Eloise , Shackell Melina , Hitch Danielle
Published: December 2022

Background

Patient-centred care models for acutely hospitalised people living with obesity are poorly understood and the quality of evidence low.

Objective

The aim of this study was to explore and better understand the lived experience of people living with obesity, in the inpatient hospital context.

Design

A qualitative methodology using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used. Data were collected via a single semi-structured interview with each participant.

Setting and participants

The study was completed at a metropolitan public health service. Ten previously hospitalised patients who live with obesity were included.

Results

Three main themes emerged: meeting physical care needs of people with obesity on hospital wards, interpersonal interactions between patients and healthcare professionals, and the psychosocial impact of being obese in the hospital setting. Priorities included timely provision of appropriate equipment and infrastructure design to meet care needs and facilitate better wellbeing. To improve patient experience, an emphasis on basic principles of quality care provision to enhance interpersonal interactions, along with improved awareness of the impact of weight bias and obesity stigma in healthcare are supported. Participants found hospitalisation stressful, but valued support from healthcare professionals regarding weight loss.

Discussion

These data provide new insights in to the lived experience of people living with obesity in the hospital setting. Items which are low cost, such as appropriately sized chairs and gowns, as well facilitators to independent mobility such as electric wheelchairs are suggested to improve both experience and care outcomes. Interpersonal interactions demonstrated obesity stigma in the hospital setting, with participants expressing the desire for more appropriate communication. People living with obesity self-reflected in the inpatient setting, suggesting that staff should be trained to utilise the opportunity to provide weight loss advice.

Conclusions

The themes identified in this study provide insight into the lived experience of people with obesity in hospital. This understanding provides direction for the development of improved models of care for people living with obesity in this setting and beyond.
Prevalence of type-1 interferon autoantibodies in adults with non-COVID-19 acute respiratory failure
Authors: Ghale Rajani , Spottiswoode Natasha , Anderson Mark S. , Mitchell Anthea , Wang Grace , Calfee Carolyn S. , DeRisi Joseph L. , Langelier Charles R.
Published: December 2022

Auto-antibodies (Abs) to type I interferons (IFNs) are found in up to 25% of patients with severe COVID-19, and are implicated in disease pathogenesis. It has remained unknown, however, whether type I IFN auto-Abs are unique to COVID-19, or are also found in other types of severe respiratory illnesses. To address this, we studied a prospective cohort of 284 adults with acute respiratory failure due to causes other than COVID-19. We measured type I IFN auto-Abs by radio ligand binding assay and screened for respiratory viruses using clinical PCR and metagenomic sequencing. Three patients (1.1%) tested positive for type I IFN auto-Abs, and each had a different underlying clinical presentation. Of the 35 patients found to have viral infections, only one patient tested positive for type I IFN auto-Abs. Together, our data suggest that type I IFN auto-Abs are uncommon in critically ill patients with acute respiratory failure due to causes other than COVID-19.
Scoping ‘sex’ and ‘gender’ in rehabilitation: (mis)representations and effects
Authors: Ott Jessica , Champagne Sarah N. , Bachani Abdulgafoor M. , Morgan Rosemary
Published: December 2022

Background

Researchers have highlighted a large-scale global unmet need for rehabilitation. While sex and gender have been shown to interact with each other and with other social and structural factors to influence health and wellbeing, less is known about how sex and gender shape rehabilitation participation and outcomes within health systems.

Methods

Using an intersectional approach, we examine literature that explores the relationship between sex and/or gender and rehabilitation access, use, adherence, outcomes, and caregiving. Following a comprehensive search, 65 documents met the inclusion criteria for this scoping review of published literature. Articles were coded for rehabilitation-related themes and categorized by type of rehabilitation, setting, and age of participants, to explore how existing literature aligned with documented global rehabilitation needs. Responding to a common conflation of sex and gender in the existing literature and a frequent misrepresentation of sex and gender as binary, the researchers also developed a schema to determine whether existing literature accurately represented sex and gender.

Results

The literature generally described worse rehabilitation access, use, adherence, and outcomes and a higher caregiving burden for conditions with rehabilitation needs among women than men. It also highlighted the interacting effects of social and structural factors like socioeconomic status, racial or ethnic identity, lack of referral, and inadequate insurance on rehabilitation participation and outcomes. However, existing literature on gender and rehabilitation has focused disproportionately on a few types of rehabilitation among adults in high-income country contexts and does not correspond with global geographic or condition-based rehabilitation needs. Furthermore, no articles were determined to have provided an apt depiction of sex and gender.

Conclusion

This review highlights a gap in global knowledge about the relationship between sex and/or gender and rehabilitation participation and outcomes within health systems. Future research should rely on social science and intersectional approaches to elucidate how gender and other social norms, roles, and structures influence a gender disparity in rehabilitation participation and outcomes. Health systems should prioritize person-centered, gender-responsive care, which involves delivering services that are responsive to the complex social norms, roles, and structures that intersect to shape gender inequitable rehabilitation participation and outcomes in diverse contexts.
Association of CYP19A1 rs28757157 polymorphism with lung cancer risk in the Chinese Han population
Authors: Zhang Chan , Cheng Yujing , Chen Wanlu , Li Qi , Dai Run , Wang Yajie , Yang Tonghua
Published: December 2022

Background

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death globally. Recent studies have revealed that CYP19A1 gene plays a crucial role in cancer initiation and development. The aim of this study was to assess the association of CYP19A1 genetic polymorphisms with the risk of lung cancer in the Chinese Han population.

Methods

This study randomly recruited 489 lung cancer patients and 467 healthy controls. The genotypes of four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the CYP19A1 gene were identified by the Agena MassARRY technique. Genetic model analysis was used to assess the association between genetic variations and lung cancer risk. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to evaluate the effect of four selected SNPs on lung cancer risk.

Results

CYP19A1 rs28757157 might contribute to an increased risk of lung cancer (p = 0.025, OR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.03–1.64). In stratified analysis, rs28757157 was associated with an increased cancer risk in the population aged under 60 years, females, smokers, and drinkers. Besides, rs3751592 and rs59429575 were also identified as risk biomarkers in the population under 60 years and drinkers. Meanwhile, a relationship between an enhanced risk of squamous cell carcinoma and rs28757157 was found, while the rs3751592 CC genotype was identified as a risk factor for lung adenocarcinoma development.

Conclusions

This study has identified revealed that the three SNPs (rs28757157, rs3751592, and rs59429575) of CYP19A1 are associated with lung cancer in the Chinese Han population. These findings will provide theoretical support for further functional studies of CYP19A1 in lung cancer.
Development of a multiplex RT-PCR assay for simultaneous detection of Lily symptomless virus, Lily mottle virus, Cucumber mosaic virus, and Plantago asiatica mosaic virus in Lilies
Authors: Xu Leifeng , Ming Jun
Published: December 2022

Background

Viral pathogens causing significant economic losses in lilies (Lilium spp. and hybrids) include Lily symptomless virus (LSV), Lily mottle virus (LMoV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), and Plantago asiatica mosaic virus (PlAMV). Rapid and efficient virus detection methods are pivotal to prevent the spread of these viruses.

Results

In this study, four specific primer pairs designed from conserved regions of genomic sequences of each virus were used to amplify a 116 bp product for LSV, a 247 bp product for LMoV, a 359 bp product for CMV, and a 525 bp product for PlAMV in a multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (multiplex RT-PCR). The amplified products were clearly separated by 2% agarose gel electrophoresis. The optimal reaction annealing temperature and cycle number were 53.8 °C and 35, respectively. The developed multiplex RT-PCR method was then used to test virus infections from lily samples collected from different regions of China.

Conclusions

An effective multiplex RT-PCR assay was established for the simultaneous detection and differentiation of LSV, LMoV, CMV, and PlAMV in lilies, which offers a useful tool for routine molecular diagnosis and epidemiological studies of these viruses.
Identification of differentially methylated regions in rare diseases from a single-patient perspective
Authors: Grolaux Robin , Hardy Alexis , Olsen Catharina , Van Dooren Sonia , Smits Guillaume , Defrance Matthieu
Published: December 2022

Background

DNA methylation (5-mC) is being widely recognized as an alternative in the detection of sequence variants in the diagnosis of some rare neurodevelopmental and imprinting disorders. Identification of alterations in DNA methylation plays an important role in the diagnosis and understanding of the etiology of those disorders. Canonical pipelines for the detection of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) usually rely on inter-group (e.g., case versus control) comparisons. However, these tools might perform suboptimally in the context of rare diseases and multilocus imprinting disturbances due to small cohort sizes and inter-patient heterogeneity. Therefore, there is a need to provide a simple but statistically robust pipeline for scientists and clinicians to perform differential methylation analyses at the single patient level as well as to evaluate how parameter fine-tuning may affect differentially methylated region detection.

Result

We implemented an improved statistical method to detect differentially methylated regions in correlated datasets based on the Z-score and empirical Brown aggregation methods from a single-patient perspective. To accurately assess the predictive power of our method, we generated semi-simulated data using a public control population of 521 samples and investigated how the size of the control population, methylation difference, and region size affect DMR detection. In addition, we validated the detection of methylation events in patients suffering from rare multi-locus imprinting disturbance and evaluated how this method could complement existing tools in the context of clinical diagnosis.

Conclusion

In this study, we present a robust statistical method to perform differential methylation analysis at the single patient level and describe its optimal parameters to increase DMRs identification performance. Finally, we show its diagnostic utility when applied to rare disorders.
Duplicated network meta-analysis in advanced prostate cancer: a case study and recommendations for change
Authors: Fisher David J. , Burdett Sarah , Vale Claire , White Ian R. , Tierney Jayne F.
Published: December 2022

Background

Research overlap and duplication is a recognised problem in the context of both pairwise and network systematic reviews and meta-analyses. As a case study, we carried out a scoping review to identify and examine duplicated network meta-analyses (NMAs) in a specific disease setting where several novel therapies have recently emerged: hormone-sensitive metastatic prostate cancer (mHSPC).

Methods

MEDLINE and EMBASE were systematically searched, in January 2020, for indirect or mixed treatment comparisons or network meta-analyses of the systemic treatments docetaxel and abiraterone acetate in the mHSPC setting, with a time-to-event outcome reported on the hazard-ratio scale. Eligibility decisions were made, and data extraction performed, by two independent reviewers.

Results

A total of 13 eligible reviews were identified, analysing between 3 and 8 randomised comparisons, and comprising between 1773 and 7844 individual patients. Although the included trials and treatments showed a high degree of overlap, we observed considerable variation between identified reviews in terms of review aims, eligibility criteria and included data, statistical methodology, reporting and inference. Furthermore, crucial methodological details and specific source data were often unclear.

Conclusions and recommendations

Variation across duplicated NMAs, together with reporting inadequacies, may compromise identification of best-performing treatments. Particularly in fast-moving fields, review authors should be aware of all relevant studies, and of other reviews with potential for overlap or duplication. We recommend that review protocols be published in advance, with greater clarity regarding the specific aims or scope of the project, and that reports include information on how the work builds upon existing knowledge. Source data and results should be clearly and completely presented to allow unbiased interpretation.
Perioperative management of surgical orthodontic treatment in a patient with glucose transporter 1 deficiency: report of a case and review of the literature
Authors: Kyoko Nishiyama , Masakazu Hamada , Shin Nabatame , Hidetaka Shimizu , Narikazu Uzawa
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) deficiency is a rare cerebral metabolic disorder caused by the shortage of glucose supply to the brain. For this disease, ketogenic diet therapy is essential. In addition, perioperative management requires not only the continuation of ketogenic diet therapy but also the management of nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, seizures, and infection. However, there have been few reports regarding oral and maxillofacial surgery.

Case presentation

We describe a patient with GLUT1 deficiency who underwent orthognathic surgery. An 18-year-old man was referred to our hospital with the chief complaint of mandibular regression. Surgical tolerance was assessed by a fasting test and tooth extraction under general anesthesia, and orthognathic surgery was then performed. For orthognathic surgery, the mandibular dentition had scissor-like occlusion, and it was difficult to arrange the mandible. Therefore, we decided to perform maxillary osteotomy first. After the mandibular dentition was arranged by maxillary osteotomy, sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) was performed. Intermaxillary fixation (IMF) was necessary for SSRO, and caution was needed to prevent suffocation. The orthognathic surgery was successful, although complications, such as vomiting, diarrhea, and seizures, developed.

Conclusion

Surgical orthodontic treatment in GLUT1 deficiency can be performed relatively safely by maintaining the diet, taking measures against epilepsy and vomiting, and using antimicrobial agents in close collaboration with pediatricians, anesthesiologists, pharmacists, and nutritionists.