bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FoxP3-Positive T-Regulatory Cells in Lymph Nodes with Mycosis Fungoides and Sézary Syndrome
Authors: Bhat Rekha , Khandpur Bhavna , Vonderheid Eric C. , Hou J. Steve
Published: November 2014

Mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome are indolent cutaneous T-cell lymphomas, with skin-associated peripheral lymph nodes being the most frequent extracutaneous site of involvement. Acquisition of functional properties of regulatory T-cells by malignant T-cells in advanced disease may contribute to immunosuppression. Whereas previous studies examining FoxP3 protein expression in mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome have focused on skin specimens, little data are available on lymph nodes from patients with these conditions. In this study we examined FoxP3+ regulatory T-cells in lymph nodes from 26 patients with mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome and correlated the findings with clinical data, molecular assays for T-cell clonality, and flow cytometry. Except for one case of Sézary syndrome in which malignant T-cells expressed FoxP3 protein, a significantly lower number of FoxP3-expressing cells occurred in lymph nodes that were clearly involved with lymphoma as compared to uninvolved nodes. Cox proportional hazards model showed that lymph node rating and histological evidence of transformation, but not number of FoxP3+ cells, were factors significantly associated with adverse prognosis. We speculate that modulation of FoxP3+ cells in lymph nodes involved with lymphoma might play a role in disease progression. Attainment of a regulatory T-cell phenotype by a subset of lymphoma cells might signal a poor prognosis.
Research on Application of Regression Least Squares Support Vector Machine on Performance Prediction of Hydraulic Excavator
Authors: Chen Zhan-bo
Published: November 2014

In order to improve the performance prediction accuracy of hydraulic excavator, the regression least squares support vector machine is applied. First, the mathematical model of the regression least squares support vector machine is studied, and then the algorithm of the regression least squares support vector machine is designed. Finally, the performance prediction simulation of hydraulic excavator based on regression least squares support vector machine is carried out, and simulation results show that this method can predict the performance changing rules of hydraulic excavator correctly.
Iatrogenic Displacement of a Foreign Body into the Periapical Tissues
Authors: Plascencia Hugo , Cruz Alvaro , Solís Rodrigo , Díaz Mariana , Vázquez Josué
Published: November 2014

The presence of a foreign body in the periapical tissues can cause endodontic failure by triggering an inflammatory response and a subsequent foreign body reaction. This inflammatory response, which can occur to varying degrees, appears radiographically as a radiolucency that can remain asymptomatic for many years. A foreign object can reach the apical region by accident or iatrogenic procedures during dental procedures. The aim of the present case report is to describe the endodontic surgical treatment of an iatrogenic displacement of a foreign body (a metal fragment) into the periapical tissues and to describe its clinical and radiographic follow-up over a period of 52 months.
Lateral Earth Pressure behind Walls Rotating about Base considering Arching Effects
Authors: Li Dong , Wang Wei , Zhang Qichang
Published: November 2014

In field, the earth pressure on a retaining wall is the common effect of kinds of factors. To figure out how key factors act, it has taken into account the arching effects together with the contribution from the mode of displacement of a wall to calculate earth pressure in the proposed method. Based on Mohr circle, a conversion factor is introduced to determine the shear stresses between artificial slices in soil mass. In the light of this basis, a modified differential slices solution is presented for calculation of active earth pressure on a retaining wall. Comparisons show that the result of proposed method is identical to observations from model tests in prediction of lateral pressures for walls rotating about the base.
Efficacy of Alendronate for Preventing Collapse of Femoral Head in Adult Patients with Nontraumatic Osteonecrosis
Authors: Hong Yu-Cai , Luo Ru-Bin , Lin Tiao , Zhong Hui-Ming , Shi Jian-Bin
Published: November 2014

The purpose of the current review was to determine the efficacy of alendronate for preventing collapse of femoral head in adult patients with nontraumatic avascular osteonecrosis of femoral head (ANFH). Five randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 305 hips were included in this review, of which 3 studies investigated alendronate versus control/placebo and the other 2 studies compared the combination of alendronate and extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) with ESWT alone. Our results suggested that even the patients with extensive necrosis encountered much less collapse in the alendronate group than control group. In these RCTs, their data also indicated a positive short- and middle-term efficacy of alendronate treatment in joint function improvement and hip pain diminishment. With the presence of the outlier study, only insignificant overall efficacy of alendronate could be observed with substantial heterogeneities. In addition, we did not find any additive benefits of alendronate in combination with ESWT for preventing collapse compared to ESWT alone. In conclusion, there is still lack of strong evidence for supporting application of alendronate in adult patients with nontraumatic ANFH, which justified that large scale, randomized, and double-blind studies should be developed to demonstrate the confirmed efficacies, detailed indication, and optimized strategy of alendronate treatment.
Signaling Pathways Involved in Renal Oxidative Injury: Role of the Vasoactive Peptides and the Renal Dopaminergic System
Authors: Rukavina Mikusic N. L. , Kravetz M. C. , Kouyoumdzian N. M. , Della Penna S. L. , Rosón M. I. , Fernández B. E. , Choi M. R.
Published: November 2014

The physiological hydroelectrolytic balance and the redox steady state in the kidney are accomplished by an intricate interaction between signals from extrarenal and intrarenal sources and between antinatriuretic and natriuretic factors. Angiotensin II, atrial natriuretic peptide and intrarenal dopamine play a pivotal role in this interactive network. The balance between endogenous antioxidant agents like the renal dopaminergic system and atrial natriuretic peptide, by one side, and the prooxidant effect of the renin angiotensin system, by the other side, contributes to ensuring the normal function of the kidney. Different pathological scenarios, as nephrotic syndrome and hypertension, where renal sodium excretion is altered, are associated with an impaired interaction between two natriuretic systems as the renal dopaminergic system and atrial natriuretic peptide that may be involved in the pathogenesis of renal diseases. The aim of this review is to update and comment the most recent evidences about the intracellular pathways involved in the relationship between endogenous antioxidant agents like the renal dopaminergic system and atrial natriuretic peptide and the prooxidant effect of the renin angiotensin system in the pathogenesis of renal inflammation.
Inhibition of Ocular Aldose Reductase by a New Benzofuroxane Derivative Ameliorates Rat Endotoxic Uveitis
Authors: Di Filippo C. , Zippo M. V. , Maisto R. , Trotta M. C. , Siniscalco D. , Ferraro B. , Ferraraccio F. , La Motta C. , Sartini S. , Cosconati S. , Novellino E. , Gesualdo C. , Simonelli F. , Rossi S. , D’Amico M.
Published: November 2014

The study investigated the effects of the aldose reductase (AR) inhibitor benzofuroxane derivative 5(6)-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylmethoxy) benzofuroxane (herein referred to as BF-5m) on the biochemical and tissue alterations induced by endotoxic uveitis in rats. BF-5m has been administered directly into the vitreous, in order to assess the expression and levels of (i) inflammatory markers such as the ocular ubiquitin-proteasome system, NF-κB, TNF-α, and MCP-1; (ii) prooxidant and antioxidant markers such as nitrotyrosine, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX); (iii) apoptotic/antiapoptotic factors caspases and Bcl-xl; (iv) markers of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) recruitment such as CD34 and CD117. 5 μL of BF-5m (0.01; 0.05; and 0.1 μM) into the right eye decreased in a dose-dependent manner the LPS-induced inflammation of the eye, reporting a clinical score 1. It reduced the ocular levels of ubiquitin, 20S and 26S proteasome subunits, NF-κB subunits, TNF-α, MCP-1, and nitrotyrosine. BF-5m ameliorated LPS-induced decrease in levels of MnSOD and GPX. Antiapoptotic effects were seen from BF-5m by monitoring the expression of Bcl-xl, an antiapoptotic protein. Similarly, BF-5m increased recruitment of the EPCs within the eye, as evidenced by CD34 and CD117 antibodies.
CAT, GPX1, MnSOD, GSTM1, GSTT1, andGSTP1Genetic Polymorphisms in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Bănescu Claudia , Trifa Adrian P. , Voidăzan Septimiu , Moldovan Valeriu G. , Macarie Ioan , Benedek Lazar Erzsebeth , Dima Delia , Duicu Carmen , Dobreanu Minodora
Published: November 2014

Oxidative damage at the DNA level may be promoted by high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to genomic instability and increased neoplastic risk. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and catalase (CAT) enzymes are implicated in the prevention of DNA damage by ROS. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationships betweenCATC262T,GPX1Pro198Leu,MnSODAla16Val,GSTM1, GSTT1, andGSTP1Ile105Val polymorphisms and the risk of CML. No association was observed between CML and variant genotypes ofGPX1, MnSOD, GSTM1, andGSTT1polymorphisms in any of the investigated cases. Our study suggests that the homozygous variant genotype of theGSTP1Ile105Val gene polymorphisms may be associated with the risk of developing CML (OR=2.5; 95% CI=1.08–5.7;Pvalue = 0.02), while the heterozygous genotype of theCATC262T polymorphism seems to have a protective effect against CML (OR=0.59, 95% CI=0.39–0.89,Pvalue = 0.01). In most cases, no association was found between laboratory parameters and prognostic factors and the variant genotype of investigated gene polymorphisms. We concluded thatCAT, GPX, MnSOD, GSTM1, andGSTT1gene polymorphisms are not associated with the risk of CML. Variant genotype of theGSTP1Ile105Val gene polymorphisms may contribute to the risk of developing CML.
Antioxidant and Anti‐Inflammatory Activities of Phenolic‐Enriched Extracts of Smilax glabra
Authors: Lu Chuan-li , Zhu Wei , Wang Min , Xu Xiao-jie , Lu Chuan-jian
Published: November 2014

Smilax glabra Roxb. has been used for a long time as both food and folk medicine. In the present study, phenolic‐enriched extract of S. glabra (PEESG) was extracted with 70% ethanol and purified by HP‐20 column chromatography. Its antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities were evaluated by radical scavenging assay, reducing power determination, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced RAW264.7 cells assays, respectively. PEESG exhibited obviously scavenging capacity for DPPH and ABTS radicals, as well as significant reducing power for ferric ion. Particularly, PEESG (12.5–50 μg/mL) showed a significantly higher efficiency for scavenging ABTS than that of ascorbic acid and no significant difference with ascorbic acid for DPPH scavenging. PEESG also possessed a significant suppression effect on proinflammatory mediators production, such as nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), in LPS‐induced RAW264.7 cells. In addition, the main ingredients of PEESG were identified using ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray mass spectrometry (U‐HPLC‐ESI‐MS). Seventeen components, including 5‐O‐caffeoylshikimic acid, neoastilbin, astilbin, neoisoastilbin, isoastilbin, engetin and isoengeletin were identified. These findings strongly suggest the potential of PEESG as a natural antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory agent.
Role of Different Pfcrt and Pfmdr-1 Mutations in Conferring Resistance to Antimalaria Drugs in Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Ibraheem Zaid O. , Abd Majid R. , Noor S. Mohd. , Sedik H. Mohd. , Basir R.
Published: November 2014

Emergence of drugs resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum has augmented the scourge of malaria in endemic areas. Antimalaria drugs act on different intracellular targets. The majority of them interfere with digestive vacuoles (DVs) while others affect other organelles, namely, apicoplast and mitochondria. Prevention of drug accumulation or access into the target site is one of the mechanisms that plasmodium adopts to develop resistance. Plasmodia are endowed with series of transporters that shuffle drugs away from the target site, namely, pfmdr (Plasmodium falciparum multidrug resistance transporter) and pfcrt (Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter) which exist in DV membrane and are considered as putative markers of CQ resistance. They are homologues to human P-glycoproteins (P-gh or multidrug resistance system) and members of drug metabolite transporter (DMT) family, respectively. The former mediates drifting of xenobiotics towards the DV while the latter chucks them outside. Resistance to drugs whose target site of action is intravacuolar develops when the transporters expel them outside the DVs and vice versa for those whose target is extravacuolar. In this review, we are going to summarize the possible pfcrt and pfmdr mutation and their role in changing plasmodium sensitivity to different anti-Plasmodium drugs.
Delayed Facial Paralysis following Uneventful KTP Laser Stapedotomy: Two Case Reports and a Review of the Literature
Authors: Révész P. , Piski Z. , Burián A. , Harmat K. , Gerlinger I.
Published: November 2014

Facial palsy that occurs immediately after middle ear surgery (stapedectomy, stapedotomy, and tympanoplasty) can be a consequence of the local anesthetics and it regresses completely within a few hours. In the case of delayed facial palsy, the alarming symptom occurs several days or even weeks after uneventful surgery. The mechanism of the neural dysfunction is not readily defined. Surgical stress, intraoperative trauma, or laceration of the chorda tympani nerve with a resultant retrograde facial nerve edema can all be provoking etiological factors. A dehiscent bony facial canal or a multiple microporotic fallopian canal (microtrauma or laser effect) can also contribute to the development of this rare phenomenon. The most popular theory related to the explanation of delayed facial palsy at present is the reactivation of dormant viruses. Both the thermal effect of the laser and the elevation of the tympanomeatal flap can reactivate viruses resting inside the ganglion geniculi, facial nerve, or facial nuclei. The authors report the case histories of a 55-year-old female, and a 45-year-old male who presented with a delayed facial palsy following laser stapedotomy. The clinical characteristics, the therapeutic options, and the possibility of prevention are discussed.
Simultaneous Determination of Uric Acid and Xanthine Using a Poly(Methylene Blue) and Electrochemically Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite Film Modified Electrode
Authors: Liu Gen , Ma Wei , Luo Yan , Sun Deng-ming , Shao Shuang
Published: November 2014

Poly(methylene blue) and electrochemically reduced graphene oxide composite film modified electrode (PMB-ERGO/GCE) was successfully fabricated by electropolymerization and was used for simultaneous determination of uric acid (UA) and xanthine (Xa). Based on the excellent electrocatalytic activity of PMB-ERGO/GCE, the electrochemical behaviors of UA and Xa were studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV). Two anodic sensitive peaks at 0.630 V (versus Ag/AgCl) for UA and 1.006 V (versus Ag/AgCl) for Xa were given by CV in pH 3.0 phosphate buffer. The calibration curves for UA and Xa were obtained in the range of 8.00 × 10−8~4.00 × 10−4 M and 1.00 × 10−7~4.00 × 10−4 M, respectively, by SWV. The detection limits for UA and Xa were3.00×10-8 M and5.00×10-8 M, respectively. Finally, the proposed method was applied to simultaneously determine UA and Xa in human urine with good selectivity and high sensitivity.
AMACRAmplification in Myxofibrosarcomas: A Mechanism of Overexpression That Promotes Cell Proliferation with Therapeutic Relevance
Authors: Li Chien-Feng , Fang Fu-Min , Lan Jui , Wang Jun-Wen , Kung Hsing-Jien , Chen Li-Tzong , Chen Tzu-Ju , Li Shau-Hsuan , Wang Yu-Hui , Tai Hui-Chun , Yu Shih-Chen , Huang Hsuan-Ying
Published: November 2014

Purpose: Myxofibrosarcomas frequently display arm-level gains on 5p. We characterized the pathogenetic and therapeutic relevance of the α-methylacyl coenzyme A racemase (AMACR) at 5p13.3.

Experimental Design: AMACR mRNA expression in myxofibrosarcomas was analyzed using the public transcriptome and laser-microdissected sarcoma cells. We performed florescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemistry in independent samples for clinical correlates. In AMACR-overexpressing myxofibrosarcoma cells and xenografts, we elucidated the biologic function of AMACR using RNA interference and explored the therapeutic effect and mechanism of an AMACR inhibitor, ebselen oxide.

Results: AMACR protein overexpression and gene amplification were significantly associated with each other (P < 0.001), with higher tumor grades (both P ≤ 0.002), and univariately with worse metastasis-free survival (MFS; both P < 0.0001) and disease-specific survival (DSS; P = 0.0002 for overexpression; P = 0.0062 for amplification). AMACR protein overexpression also independently portended adverse outcome (DSS, P = 0.007; MFS, P = 0.001). However, 39% of AMACR-overexpression cases did not show gene amplification, implying alternative regulatory mechanisms. In myxofibrosarcoma cell lines, stable AMACR knockdown suppressed cell proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, and expression of cyclin D1 and cyclin T2. These growth-promoting attributes of AMACR were corroborated in the AMACR-silenced xenograft model and AMACR-underexpressed myxofibrosarcomas, showing decreased labeling for cyclin D1, cyclin T2, and Ki-67. Compared with fibroblasts, AMACR-expressing myxofibrosarcoma cells were more susceptible to ebselen oxide, which not only decreased viable cells, promoted proteasome-mediated degradation of AMACR protein, and induced cellular apoptosis in vitro, but also dose-dependently suppressed xenografted tumor growth in vivo.

Conclusions: Overexpressed AMACR in myxofibrosarcomas can be amplification-driven, associated with tumor aggressiveness, and may be relevant as a druggable target. Clin Cancer Res; 20(23); 6141–52. ©2014 AACR.
Extreme Rituals as Social Technologies
Authors: Fischer Ronald , Xygalatas Dimitris
Published: November 2014

We often think of pain as intrinsically bad, and the avoidance of pain is a fundamental evolutionary drive of all species. How can we then explain widespread cultural practices like certain rituals that involve the voluntary infliction of physical pain? In this paper, we argue that inflicting and experiencing pain in a ritual setting may serve important psychological and social functions. By providing psychological relief and leading to stronger identification with the group, such practices may result in a positive feedback loop, which serves both to increase the social cohesion of the community and the continuation of the ritual practices themselves. We argue that although the selective advantage of participation lies at the individual level, the benefits of those practices de facto extend to the group level, thereby allowing extreme rituals to function as effective social technologies.
Text Technology: Building Subjective and Shared Experience in Reading
Authors: Steenberg Mette , Bräuner Pernille , Wallot Sebastian
Published: November 2014

This article presents a case study of a facilitator-lead “shared reading” group with participants suffering from mental health problems. We argue that the text is the most important agent in creating a reading experience which is both subjective and shared. And we point to relatedness as a function of text agency, and to the role of facilitation in creating text-reader relations. The article also presents a new methodological framework combining physiological data of heart rate variability and linguistic, observational and subjective data. By integrating these distinct data points in our analysis we demonstrate the ways in which the text functions as an agent driving processes of individuation and synchronization respectively. On the basis of linguistic analysis of readers’ responses and interactions we point to the cognitive process of mentalization underlying both individual readings and collective meaning making. At the end we discuss the relation of mentalization to diagnosis and argue that “shared reading” may function as an intervention form with a potential for modifying way of thinking; knowing when to read into and when not, and mode of thought; shifting from explanation to experience.
“The Land is Always Stalking Us”
Authors: Tarango Angela
Published: November 2014

This article is a response to Willie Jennings’s book The Christian Imagination and takes a brief look, using the case study of the Western Apache, at how Native Americans conceptualize the idea of sacred land and memory. It makes the argument that Pentecostalism has to accept Native understandings of land in order to create a truly indigenous form of Christianity and to move beyond ethnocentric formations of race.
New Winds
Authors: Jennings Willie
Published: November 2014

These essays, which respond to the work of Brian Bantum, Jay Carter, and myself, highlight some of the ongoing challenges facing Christian theology today. Together they point to several problems that attend modern Christian theology: first, the problem of narration of both Christian and racial identity; second, the problem of doing theology after the emergence of cultural nationalism; and third, the problem of situatedness for theological work and Christian intellection. These problems, which are yet to arrive onto the workbenches of most theologians and ethicists, might be engaged productively from the site of pentecostal-charismatic thought.
Presidential Address 2014
Authors: Martin Lee Roy
Published: November 2014

Biblical studies have focused upon the rational content of the biblical text; even when utilizing rhetorical methods, they have virtually ignored the affective dimension of the biblical argument. Rhetoricians have shown that effective rhetoric includes affective argumentation, and recent studies have demonstrated the role of the affect in human decision making. It is argued here that no matter what methods are being used in biblical study, the affective dimension of the text should be taken into account. This article models the affective approach by means of a study of Psalm 107, which is shown to generate the affection of gratitude. The article then demonstrates how the affection of gratitude might be incorporated into Pentecostal spirituality and practice.
A Case for Ethical Veganism
Authors: McPherson Tristram
Published: November 2014

This paper argues for ethical veganism: the thesis that it is typically wrong to consume animal products. The paper first sets out an intuitive case for this thesis that begins with the intuitive claim that it is wrong to set fire to a cat. I then raise a methodological challenge: this is an intuitive argument for a revisionary conclusion. Even if we grant that we cannot both believe that it is permissible to drink milk, and that it is wrong to set fire to cats, this leaves open the question of which of these judgments we should abandon. I consider and reject three strategies for addressing this question: more methodologically naïve moral theorizing, appeal to systematic normative theory, and attacking non-moral presuppositions. I argue that philosophically satisfying the resolution of the conflict requires debunking our grounds for belief in one of the conflicting claims. Finally, I argue that ethical veganism is supported by consideration of the most salient debunking arguments available.
Tachinidae (Diptera) reared from Ropalidia nests (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) from Madagascar, with two new species of Anacamptomyia
Authors: Zeegers Theo
Published: November 2014

This paper deals with the Tachinidae reared fromRopalidianests collected on Madagascar. The material belongs to two genera,AnacamptomyiaandParapales, each represented by two species. Both species ofAnacamptomyiaare described as new:A. aurifronssp. n. andA. blommersisp. n. Their relation to the species from the Afrotropical mainland is discussed. The host records forParapalesare the first for this genus, supporting their placement in theAnacamptomyiagroup.
Two new Peruvian species of Paravelia (Heteropera: Veliidae) from water-filled bamboo internodes, and distributional notes for other Paravelia species
Authors: Polhemus Dan A.
Published: November 2014

Two new species ofParavelia –P. loutoniandP. reclusa – are described from water-filled bamboo internodes in the forests of eastern Peru. Color dorsal habitus photographs of both species and line drawings of key male genitalic characters are provided, accompanied by a distribution map. Line drawings of the male genitalic structures ofP. myersiHungerford, the closest putative relative to these two new species, are also provided for comparison. Although Neotropical Veliidae have been previously reported from bromeliad phytotelmata, the current results from bamboo internodes are the first records for veliid utilization of this habitat in the Western Hemisphere, and indicate that further samples from such habitats are likely to result in the discovery of other heretofore undetected veliid species. New records are also provided for 12 other previously describedParaveliaspecies; the new records serve to clarify the geographic ranges and ecological preferences of these taxa.
Hydroporus emergens sp. n. from south-western Turkey (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae)
Authors: Vorst Oscar , Fery Hans
Published: November 2014

Hydroporus emergens sp. n. is described from Tekirova (south of Antalya) in the south-western part of Turkey. The species is provisionally attributed to the H. normandi-complex which is part of the H. memnonius-group of Hydroporus Clairville, 1806. With the new species the known distribution of that complex – which so far was considered strictly western Mediterranean – is considerably expanded to the eastern Mediterranean. The species is compared with its western relatives as well as described and illustrated in detail.
Ocyochterus irmae, a beautiful new species of Ochteridae (Heteroptera) from the Northern Andes
Authors: Polhemus Dan A. , Polhemus John T.
Published: November 2014

The new species Ocyochterus irmae is described from the Andes Mountains of Colombia and adjacent Ecuador. This species is only the second known in the genus, and the first in which male specimens have been available for dissection of the genitalic structures. A new record is also provided for the previously described O. victor (Bolivar), constituting only the fourth known specimen of this taxon since the original description in 1879, and the first new collection in over 90 years. Color photographs of the dorsal habitus and anterior head are presented for both O. irmae and O. victor, as well as photographic figures of the male parameres, aedeagus, proctiger and pygophore for O. irmae, representing the first illustrations of the male genitalic structures in this genus. A distribution map for O. irmae and O. victor is also provided.
Family-group names of Recent fishes
Authors: VAN DER LAAN RICHARD , ESCHMEYER WILLIAM N. , FRICKE RONALD
Published: November 2014

The family-group names of animals (superfamily, family, subfamily, supertribe, tribe and subtribe) are regulated by the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Family names are particularly important because they are among the most widely used of all technical animal names. Apart from using the correct family-group name according to the Code, it is also important to use one unique universal name (with a fixed spelling) to avoid confusion. We have compiled a list of family-group names for Recent fishes, applied the rules of the Code and, if possible, tried to conserve the names in prevailing recent practice. We list all of the family-group names found to date for Recent fishes (N=2625), together with their author(s) and year of publication. This list can be used in assigning the correct family-group name to a genus or a group of genera. With this publication we contribute to the usage of correct, universal family-group names in the classification of, and for communication about, Recent fishes.
A Satellite View of the Radiative Impact of Clouds on Surface Downward Fluxes in the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Naud C. M. , Rangwala I. , Xu M. , Miller J. R.
Published: November 2014

Using 13 yr of satellite observations for the Tibetan Plateau, the sensitivities (or partial derivatives) of daytime surface downward shortwave and longwave fluxes with respect to changes in cloud cover and cloud optical thickness are investigated and quantified. Coincident cloud and surface flux retrievals from the NASA Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer and the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System, respectively, as well as ground-based observations at 11 stations across the plateau are used to examine the spatial and seasonal variability of this sensitivity over the entire plateau. The downward shortwave flux is found to be modulated primarily by changes in cloud cover, but changes in optical thickness also have an impact, as revealed by a multiple regression fit. The coefficient of determination of the regression increases by more than 15% when optical thickness is added. There is significant seasonal and regional variability in the cloud radiative impact. On average, at all stations, the sensitivity of surface shortwave flux to changes in cloud cover is about −0.5 ± 0.1 W m−2 %−1 in winter according to both ground-based and satellite observations but in summer reaches −1.5 ± 0.3 and −1.8 ± 0.2 W m−2 %−1 according to ground-based and satellite observations, respectively. Cloud cover itself has little impact on the sensitivity when clouds are optically thin, but above an optical thickness of 12, sensitivities increase with both cloud cover and cloud optical thickness. The daytime longwave flux response to changes in cloud properties is also examined. The radiative impact of a decrease in cloud cover on the surface net flux can be offset or even canceled if cloud opacity increases by 5%–10%.
Parameter Optimization in an Intermediate Coupled Climate Model with Biased Physics
Authors: Zhang Xuefeng , Zhang Shaoqing , Liu Zhengyu , Wu Xinrong , Han Guijun
Published: November 2014

Imperfect physical parameterization schemes in a coupled climate model are an important source of model biases that adversely impact climate prediction. However, how observational information should be used to optimize physical parameterizations through parameter estimation has not been fully studied. Using an intermediate coupled ocean–atmosphere model, the authors investigate parameter optimization when the assimilation model contains biased physics within a biased assimilation experiment framework. Here, the biased physics is induced by using different outgoing longwave radiation schemes in the assimilation model and the “truth” model that is used to generate simulated observations. While the stochastic physics, implemented by initially perturbing the physical parameters, can significantly enhance the ensemble spread and improve the representation of the model ensemble, the parameter estimation is able to mitigate the model biases induced by the biased physics. Furthermore, better results for climate estimation and prediction can be obtained when only the most influential physical parameters are optimized and allowed to vary geographically. In addition, the parameter optimization with the biased model physics improves the performance of the climate estimation and prediction in the deep ocean significantly, even if there is no direct observational constraint on the low-frequency component of the state variables. These results provide some insight into decadal predictions in a coupled ocean–atmosphere general circulation model that includes imperfect physical schemes that are initialized from the climate observing system.
Climate Model Dependence and the Ensemble Dependence Transformation of CMIP Projections
Authors: Abramowitz G. , Bishop C. H.
Published: November 2014

Obtaining multiple estimates of future climate for a given emissions scenario is key to understanding the likelihood and uncertainty associated with climate-related impacts. This is typically done by collating model estimates from different research institutions internationally with the assumption that they constitute independent samples. Heuristically, however, several factors undermine this assumption: shared treatment of processes between models, shared observed data for evaluation, and even shared model code. Here, a “perfect model” approach is used to test whether a previously proposed ensemble dependence transformation (EDT) can improve twenty-first-century Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) projections. In these tests, where twenty-first-century model simulations are used as out-of-sample “observations,” the mean-square difference between the transformed ensemble mean and “observations” is on average 30% less than for the untransformed ensemble mean. In addition, the variance of the transformed ensemble matches the variance of the ensemble mean about the “observations” much better than in the untransformed ensemble. Results show that the EDT has a significant effect on twenty-first-century projections of both surface air temperature and precipitation. It changes projected global average temperature increases by as much as 16% (0.2°C for B1 scenario), regional average temperatures by as much as 2.6°C (RCP8.5 scenario), and regional average annual rainfall by as much as 410 mm (RCP6.0 scenario). In some regions, however, the effect is minimal. It is also found that the EDT causes changes to temperature projections that differ in sign for different emissions scenarios. This may be as much a function of the makeup of the ensembles as the nature of the forcing conditions.
Pediatric Provider Insight Into Newborn Screening for Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency
Authors: Bernardo Janine , Nock Mary
Published: November 2014

Objective. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is a major contributor to neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, yet newborn screening for this disorder in the United States is not standard practice. We surveyed pediatric providers regarding a novel newborn G6PD screening program successfully implemented in 2007 at a US urban women’s hospital newborn nursery. Study Design. An electronic survey was distributed to 472 pediatric providers addressing extent to which they were influenced by the screening program. Results. Ninety-two (20%) providers responded, of whom 74 (80%) had taken care of G6PD-deficient patients diagnosed by the screening program. A majority found the diagnosis helpful for patient management and influential in their management. Most common changes in management included more counseling on jaundice and follow-up and avoidance of hemolytic crisis triggers. Conclusions. General pediatric providers support newborn G6PD screening and appreciate the current program. Knowing the G6PD deficiency status of newborns informed and influenced pediatric providers’ care.
“Are You Only an Applauder?” American Music Correspondence Schools in the Early Twentieth Century
Authors: Vogel Dorothy
Published: November 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine correspondence schools of music in the early twentieth century. Advertisements in widely circulated household and music periodicals and archival copies of courses from Siegel-Myers Correspondence School of Music, United States School of Music, American College of Music, and others were examined. Research questions focused on course offerings, faculty, recruitment, and reputation of the schools. The study also examined the advantages and disadvantages of this first generation of distance education and implications for current distance education practices today. Results revealed that correspondence schools of music had more breadth and, in some cases, depth than previous research had indicated. Instruction at numerous schools was offered on a wide variety of instruments, including voice, as well as in music history, music theory, and music teacher education. One of the prominent teacher education resources was Frances Elliott Clark’s Course in Public School Music offered through Siegel-Myers Correspondence School of Music. Instruction reached a wide demographic, including segments of the population without alternate access to music education. This rich history shows that distance education has been and will remain a viable and valuable option for accessing music education.
Enhancement of power measurement using a modified method based on wavelet with preprocessing: electric arc furnace case study
Authors: Modarresi Javad , Hooshmand Rahmat-Allah , Nosratabadi Seyyed Mostafa
Published: November 2014

In this paper, a new method is proposed for fundamental power calculation based on a wavelet transform with preprocessing by the Hilbert transform. The proposed method increases the frequencies of all harmonics by half of the main frequencies and locates both odd and even harmonics in the centres of the extracted frequency bands. Unlike the conventional method, there is no frequency interference and the fundamental power calculation is enhanced. In order to examine the proposed method, the steel electric arc furnace (EAF) of the Mobarakeh Steel Company, Esfahan, Iran is simulated in MATLAB software at the early stage of charging. Then the fundamental active, reactive and apparent power of the EAF are calculated using simulated and real data. Results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Development of an evaluation strategy of hydronic balancing valves for radiant floor heating systems
Authors: Rhee KN , Shin MS , Yeo Myoung-Souk , Kim KW
Published: November 2014

In order to increase thermal comfort and energy efficiency, individual room control is highly recommended for radiant floor heating systems. For this reason, hydronic balancing is essential to provide the design flow rate to each branch circuit, which can be regarded as the ultimate goal of individual room control for radiant floor heating systems. In general, balancing valves are widely applied to hydronic circuits of radiant floor heating systems in common residential buildings, in order to achieve the purpose of hydronic balancing. This study aims to suggest an evaluation strategy of balancing valve performance for radiant floor heating systems. In the strategy, adjustment range and accuracy are evaluated by using the Kv value, in order to evaluate the balancing performance for practical applications of balancing valves. Additionally, the flow distribution by balancing valves was evaluated with the hydronic network simulation, by which flow quotients of hydronic circuits were investigated. Based on the evaluation strategy, the performances of six different balancing valves, which are applied to typical residential buildings, were successfully evaluated.

Practical application: This study presents an evaluation strategy to evaluate the performance of hydronic balancing valves for radiant floor heating systems. The proposed evaluation strategy will be able to provide a method to analyse the impact of hydronic balancing and to determine suitable balancing valves for radiant floor heating systems in residential buildings. Therefore, it is expected that the results will be helpful to researchers for indoor environment, building service engineers, system designers, and those who want to analyse the hydronic control of radiant floor heating systems.
The Resistible Rise of Bayesian Thinking in Management
Authors: Cabantous Laure , Gond Jean-Pascal
Published: November 2014

This paper draws from a case study of decision analysis—a discipline rooted in Bayesianism aimed at supporting managerial decision making—to inform the current discussion on the adoption of Bayesian modes of thinking in management research and practice. Relying on concepts from the science, technology, and society field of study and actor-network theory, we approach the production of scientific knowledge as a cultural, practical, and material affair. Specifically, we analyze the activities deployed by decision analysts to overcome the challenges of making a discipline built on Bayes’ legacy scientifically acceptable, managerially relevant, and long lasting. As a novel contribution to the discussion on the “Bayesian revolution,” our study goes beyond institutional accounts of the legitimation of Bayesianism to highlight the role of politics and material artifacts in past and current attempts at importing Bayesianism. Our study also shows the importance of historical continuity in the promotion of Bayesian methods in management.
Explaining County Government Fiscal Transparency in an Age of e-Government
Authors: Bernick E. Lee , Birds Jonathan M. , Brekken Katheryn , Gourrier Al G. , Kellogg Leander D.
Published: November 2014

This research seeks to explain the fiscal transparency practices of individual U.S. counties by examining the extent of information shared with constituents via county government Web sites. This study evaluates a random sample of 400 U.S. counties, where 19 percent of those represented have populations of 100,000 or more residents, matching the same ratio of counties with populations of 100,000 or more residents nationally. We create a four-level categorical dependent variable measuring fiscal transparency and use a generalized ordered logit analysis with eight independent variables to explain the extent of fiscal transparency among the sample.
Hard Work for Love
Authors: Staver Anne
Published: November 2014

While family migration has often been categorized as “unwanted” or “suffered” immigration in the immigration literature and by policy makers, a closer examination of entry and integration rules for family migrations in Norway suggests that this is only partly true. While the admission of family members is rooted in human rights norms and, in particular, the right to protection of family life, the actual practices of family-based admissions cannot be understood without an analysis of the selectivity of family migration policies according to economic criteria, which reveals that some family migrants are in fact more wanted than others, and that the income requirement allows Norwegian policy makers to select and reject family migrants.
Systematic Review of the Quality of Economic Evaluations in the Otolaryngology Literature
Authors: Liu C. Carrie , Lui Justin , Oddone Paolucci Elizabeth , Rudmik Luke
Published: November 2014

Objective

To evaluate the quality of economic evaluations published in the otolaryngology—head and neck surgery literature, which will identify methodologic weaknesses that can be improved on in future studies. A secondary objective is to identify factors that may be associated with higher quality economic evaluations.

Data Sources

Ovid Medline (including PubMed), Embase, and the National Health Services Economic Evaluation databases.

Review Methods

A systematic search was performed of the aforementioned databases according to PRISMA guidelines. The search was performed using otolaryngology key terms combined with the termcost. A manual search of 36 otolaryngology journals was also performed. Included studies were graded using the Quality of Health Economics Studies instrument, a 16‐item checklist providing a total quality score of 100.

Results

Fifty studies were identified, and the mean quality rating was 54.7/100 (SD = 30.9). The most commonly omitted methodology components were a lack of discussion of limitations and biases, failure to address the negative outcomes of examined interventions, and a lack of a robust sensitivity analysis. Higher quality economic evaluations were associated with a higher journal impact factor (correlation coefficientr= 0.62,P=. 0001), having an author with a PhD in health economics (r= 0.56,P=. 0001), and having authors who have published prior economic evaluations (r= 0.46,P=. 001).

Conclusion

Results from this study have demonstrated that there are several methodological domains that can be improved on when publishing economic evaluations in the otolaryngology literature. Authors should follow recommended methodological and reporting guidelines to optimize the transparency and accuracy of the overall conclusions.
Localized Intraoperative Virtual Endoscopy (LIVE) for Surgical Guidance in 16 Skull Base Patients
Authors: Haerle Stephan K. , Daly Michael J. , Chan Harley , Vescan Allan , Witterick Ian , Gentili Fred , Zadeh Gelareh , Kucharczyk Walter , Irish Jonathan C.
Published: November 2014

Importance

Previous preclinical studies of localized intraoperative virtual endoscopy–image‐guided surgery (LIVE‐IGS) for skull base surgery suggest a potential clinical benefit.

Objective

The first aim was to evaluate the registration accuracy of virtual endoscopy based on high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging under clinical conditions. The second aim was to implement and assess real‐time proximity alerts for critical structures during skull base drilling.

Design and Setting

Patients consecutively referred for sinus and skull base surgery were enrolled in this prospective case series.

Participants

Five patients were used to check registration accuracy and feasibility with the subsequent 11 patients being treated under LIVE‐IGS conditions with presentation to the operating surgeon (phase 2).

Intervention

Sixteen skull base patients were endoscopically operated on by using image‐based navigation while LIVE‐IGS was tested in a clinical setting.

Main Outcome and Measures

Workload was quantitatively assessed using the validated National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA‐TLX) questionnaire.

Results

Real‐time localization of the surgical drill was accurate to ~1 to 2 mm in all cases. The use of 3‐mm proximity alert zones around the carotid arteries and optic nerve found regular clinical use, as the median minimum distance between the tracked drill and these structures was 1 mm (0.2‐3.1 mm) and 0.6 mm (0.2‐2.5 mm), respectively. No statistical differences were found in the NASA‐TLX indicators for this experienced surgical cohort.

Conclusions and Relevance

Real‐time proximity alerts with virtual endoscopic guidance was sufficiently accurate under clinical conditions. Further clinical evaluation is required to evaluate the potential surgical benefits, particularly for less experienced surgeons or for teaching purposes.