bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fasciotomy on a female patient with acquired factor VIII: A case report and literature review of management
Authors: Lovell Katie , Peters Bethlehem , Pasli Melisa , Kennedy Katie , Liles Darla , Pories Walter
Published: August 2023

Key Clinical Message

Acquired factor VIII inhibitors can be a rare cause of extensive intramuscular bleeding requiring fasciotomy. The subsequent postoperative period requires close monitoring due to high risk of fatal blood loss.

Acquired factor VIII inhibitors are a rare cause of often extensive bleeding and subsequently large hematomas. This disorder's overall mortality can reach 38%, largely due to immunosuppression and subsequent infections or an underlying cause such as malignancy. The patient in this case study presented with a hematoma and extensive ecchymosis of the hand and forearm, which continued to progress, precipitating compartment syndrome of the hand and forearm and ultimately requiring fasciotomy. The combination of factors led to significant blood loss in the postoperative period requiring major fluid resuscitation and intensive care unit (ICU) level care. Due to this disorder's rarity and overall mortality, we present this case report with a literature review for management of acquired hemophilia in the setting of urgent fasciotomy.
Functional Molecular Crystals from the Arylation of a Halogenoplatinum Complex: Stimuli Responsiveness, Comproportionation, and π‐Bridged Dimerization
Authors: Seki Tomohiro , Korenaga Daiki
Published: August 2023

A chloroplatinum complex was arylated to obtain stimuli‐responsive molecular crystals. The resulting arylplatinum complex showed polymorph‐dependent emission, mechano‐ and thermochromic luminescence as well as comproportionation and π‐bridged dimerization. Simple mixing of structurally similar arylplatinum complexes at room temperature resulted in the transfer of their aryl groups (comproportionation), which allowed their mechanochromic profiles to be tuned. We also found that recrystallization of the complex afforded a dimerized product in which two platinum ions are bridged by aryl groups resulting in a very short (3.0466(10) Å) Pt−Pt distance.
Guest Uptake and Exchange in One‐Dimensional Channels of Metal‐Organic‐Framework Films
Authors: Kanj Anemar Bruno , Heinke Lars
Published: August 2023

The mass transfer in a film of metal‐organic framework with one‐dimensional pores, oriented perpendicular to the substrate surface, was gravimetrically explored. The diffusion coefficients of the probe molecules cyclohexane and p‐xylene were determined from the transient uptake curves. When exchanging cyclohexane by p‐xylene in the MOF pores, the mass transfer was significantly slower than the plain, single‐component uptakes. However, a single‐file‐diffusion situation, where mutual passage is hindered, tremendously slowing down the mass transfer, was not found.
Red blood cell count and risk of adverse outcomes in patients with mildly reduced left ventricular ejection fraction
Authors: Liu Zhican , Zhu Yunlong , Zhang Lingling , Wu Mingxin , Huang Haobo , Peng Ke , Zhao Wenjiao , Chen Sihao , Peng Xin , Li Na , Zhang Hui , Zhou Yuying , Peng Yiqun , Fan Jie , Zeng Jianping
Published: August 2023

Background

Anemia is associated with increased rates of heart failure (HF)‐related mortality and hospitalization. No studies have focused on the association between the red blood cell (RBC) count and the prognosis of patients with HF with mildly reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFmrEF). We retrospectively analyzed the effect of the RBC count on outcome events in patients with HFmrEF.

Methods

We investigated the association of the RBC count with outcome events in 1691 patients with HFmrEF (mean age: 68 years; 35% female) in Xiangtan Central Hospital. Using Cox proportional hazards models, the RBC count was assessed as both a continuous and categorical variable.

Results

During follow‐up (median: 33 months), cardiovascular death occurred in 168 patients (114 men and 54 women). After adjusting for established risk factors, each 1.0 × 1012 cell/L increase in the RBC count was associated with a 28% lower risk of cardiovascular death in men and a 43% lower risk in women. Patients with low RBC counts had a 0.5‐fold higher risk of cardiovascular death than those with normal RBC counts. The hazard ratio for men was 1.42 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07–1.89), and the hazard ratio for women was 1.79 (95% CI: 1.20–2.67). The RBC count was not significantly associated with the composite endpoint of cardiovascular death and HF readmission (cardiovascular events) (p > .05).

Conclusions

A decreased RBC count is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality in patients with HFmrEF. Correcting a low RBC count might potentially reduce the risk of cardiovascular death in patients with HFmrEF.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Burixafor Hydrobromide (GPC‐100), a Novel C‐X‐C Chemokine Receptor 4 Antagonist and Mobilizer of Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells, in Mice and Healthy Subjects
Authors: Sukhtankar Devki D. , Chang Li‐wen , Tsai Cheng‐yuan , Cardarelli Pina M. , Caculitan Niña G.
Published: August 2023

Adequate mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), especially CD34+ cells, is necessary for stem cell transplantation in patients with hematological malignancies or autoimmune diseases. Burixafor is an inhibitor of the C‐X‐C Chemokine Receptor 4 that disrupts the C‐X‐C motif chemokine 12 (CXCL12)/CXCR4 axis in the bone marrow, releasing HSCs into circulation. In mice, a single intravenous dose of burixafor was rapidly absorbed (time to maximum concentration, 5 minutes) and increased peripheral white blood cell counts within 30 minutes. Additionally, burixafor was administered to 64 healthy subjects in a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, single‐ascending‐dose study to evaluate safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics. Subjects received burixafor intravenous doses ranging from 0.10 to 4.40 mg/kg in 8 cohorts. Single doses were generally safe and well tolerated. Gastrointestinal events were reported at doses of 2.24 mg/kg or greater. Exposure (maximum concentration and area under the concentration–time curve) increased in an approximately dose‐proportional manner. Time to maximum concentration occurred with a median of 0.26–0.30 hours that was not dose proportional. As expected, white blood cell, CD133+ cell, and CD34+ cell concentrations generally increased with the increases in burixafor dose from 0.10 to 3.14 mg/kg. At maximal levels, the CD34+ cell counts increased 3‐ to 14‐fold from baseline levels. These results provide support for continued clinical development of burixafor.
A Novel Colorimetric and Fluorometric Dual‐Channel Chemosensor based on A Conjugated Perylene‐Benzothiazole System for Highly Selective Detection of Cyanide in Aqueous Media
Authors: Nguyen Thao Phuong Le , Nguyen Cam Hong Thi , Nguyen Thiet‐Quoc , Tran Chau Duc , Nguyen Tam Huu , Nguyen Le‐Thu T. , Nguyen Ha Tran
Published: August 2023

A novel cyanine compound based on the conjugated perylene‐benzothiazole system (PBI) as a colorimetric and fluorometric dual‐channel sensor for cyanide (CN−) detection was synthesized and characterized via UV‐vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. PBI exhibited a high sensitivity and rapid optical response for CN− due to the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) mechanism. The detection limit of PBI for CN− was 1.15×10−7 M in the mixture of DMSO/H2O (1 : 1, v/v). Moreover, probe PBI demonstrated high selectivity and sensitivity for CN− over other common anions, including Cl−, Br−, F−, I−, AcO−, ClO4−, HSO4−, SO42−, NO2−, NO3− and SCN−. This work provided a simple and effective approach to trace the toxic CN− ion with rapid response, high selectivity, and sensitivity that is possibly applied in environmental control and agricultural management.
Young people's experience of the therapeutic alliance: A systematic review
Authors: Dimic Tamara , Farrell Aoife , Ahern Elayne , Houghton Sharon
Published: August 2023

Objective

The aim of this systematic review was to synthesise qualitative evidence on young people's conceptualisation, utilisation and experiences of the therapeutic alliance in individual psychotherapy or counselling and its role in bringing about change.

Method

The thematic synthesis method was used to synthesise data. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed using the CASP checklist for qualitative research.

Results

Four superordinate analytical themes were generated: (1) valuable therapist qualities, (2) conditions for the development and maintenance of the therapeutic alliance, (3) therapeutic processes and (4) barriers to the development of the therapeutic alliance. Findings indicate that young people appreciated the uniqueness of the therapeutic relationship that provided a sense of safety, choice and autonomy. Flexibility and accessibility were noted as important elements of therapeutic alliance building as they elicited a sense of agency. Young people emphasised the non‐linear nature of therapy and prioritised process variables such as improvement in self‐understanding, self‐efficacy and self‐worth.

Conclusion

The current systematic review is a comprehensive overview of qualitative studies of experiences of therapy from young people's perspectives. Important practical implications derived from this review as the role of autonomy in the change process and the formation and maintenance of the therapeutic relationship were outlined as important elements in youth therapy.
CircGNB1 drives osteoarthritis pathogenesis by inducing oxidative stress in chondrocytes
Authors: Liang Yi , Shen Lifeng , Ni Weiyu , Ding Yuhong , Yang Wentao , Gu Tianyuan , Zhang Chenfeng , Yik Jasper H. N. , Haudenschild Dominik R. , Fan Shunwu , Shen Shuying , Hu Ziang
Published: August 2023

Background

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have risen to prominence as important regulators of biological processes. This study investigated whether circGNB1 functions as a competitive endogenous RNA to regulate the pathological process of oxidative stress in age‐related osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods

The relationship between circGNB1 expression and oxidative stress/OA severity was determined in cartilages from OA patients at different ages. The biological roles of circGNB1 in oxidative stress and OA progression, and its downstream targets were determined using gain‐ and loss‐of‐function experiments in various biochemical assays in human chondrocytes (HCs). The in vivo effects of circGNB1 overexpression and knockdown were also determined using a destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) mouse model.

Results

Increased circGNB1 expression was detected in HCs under oxidative and inflammatory stress and in the cartilage of older individuals. Mechanistically, circGNB1 sponged miR‐152‐3p and thus blocked its interaction with its downstream mRNA target, ring finger protein 219 (RNF219), which in turn stabilized caveolin‐1 (CAV1) by preventing its ubiquitination at the K47 residue. CircGNB1 inhibited IL‐10 signalling by antagonizing miR‐152‐3p‐mediated RNF219 and CAV1 inhibition. Consequently, circGNB1 overexpression promoted OA progression by enhancing catabolic factor expression and oxidative stress and by suppressing anabolic genes in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, circGNB1 knockdown alleviated the severity of OA, whereas circGNB1 overexpression had the opposite effect in a DMM mouse model of OA.

Conclusion

CircGNB1 regulated oxidative stress and OA progression via the miR‐152‐3p/RNF219/CAV1 axis. Modulating circGNB1 could be an effective strategy for treating OA.
Resilience of riparian vegetation productivity to early 21st century drought in northern California, USA
Authors: Selmants Paul C. , Conrad Caelan R. , Wilson Tamara S. , Villarreal Miguel L.
Published: August 2023

Drought and intensive land use can interact as stressors on riparian vegetation, especially along rivers flowing through seasonally dry landscapes. Knowledge of past riparian vegetation response to drought and land use change can provide land managers with a better understanding of changes induced by upstream management actions, climate change, and chronic stressors. To investigate the response of riparian vegetation productivity to drought and land use, we developed a 21‐year time series (2000–2020) of growing season vegetation dynamics using near‐infrared reflectance of vegetation (NIRV) derived from satellite data across 30 watershed subbasins that drain into the San Francisco Bay Delta in central California, USA. We observed a strong response of riparian vegetation to drought, but rapid recovery and very few long‐term declines in productivity. At a local level, vegetation communities' response to drought and post‐drought productivity dynamics were highly variable across biophysical settings and land use gradients. Most of the riparian areas with long‐term declines in NIRV were located in the lower elevation Coast Range on the western side of the study area where there is little to no water engineering or agricultural irrigation runoff to subsidize riparian vegetation. Riparian areas with the greatest long‐term increase were along rivers draining the higher elevation Sierra Nevada range to the east. Our results suggest that river systems with a high proportion of water originating as snowmelt may be more buffered against long‐term drought‐driven declines in productivity than those dependent exclusively on winter rainfall. The long‐term increase in NIRV in the vast majority of riparian areas within our study area may also have been driven in part by increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations, which have been shown to increase plant water use efficiency.
Impedance‐based remote monitoring in patients with heart failure and concomitant chronic kidney disease
Authors: Wintrich Jan , Pavlicek Valerie , Brachmann Johannes , Bosch Ralph , Butter Christian , Oswald Hanno , Rybak Karin , Mahfoud Felix , Böhm Michael , Ukena Christian
Published: August 2023

Aims

Remote monitoring (RM) of thoracic impedance represents an early marker of pulmonary congestion in heart failure (HF). Chronic kidney disease (CKD) may promote fluid overload in HF patients. We investigated whether concomitant CKD affected the efficacy of impedance‐based RM in the OptiLink HF trial.

Methods and results

Among HF patients included in the OptiLink HF trial, time to the first cardiovascular hospitalization and all‐cause death according to the presence of concomitant CKD was analysed. CKD was defined as GFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 at enrolment. Of the 1002 patients included in OptiLink HF, 326 patients (33%) had HF with concomitant CKD. The presence of CKD increased transmission of telemedical alerts (median of 2 (1‐5) vs. 1 (0–3); P = 0.012). Appropriate contacting after alert transmission was equally low in patients with and without CKD (57% vs. 59%, P = 0.593). The risk of the primary endpoint was higher in patients with CKD compared with patients without CKD (hazard ratio (HR), 1.62 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.16–2.28]; P = 0.005). Impedance‐based RM independently reduced primary events in HF patients with preserved renal function, but not in those with CKD (HR 0.68 [95% CI, 0.52–0.89]; P = 0.006).

Conclusions

The presence of CKD in HF patients led to a higher number of telemedical alert transmissions and increased the risk of the primary endpoint. Inappropriate handling of alert transmission was commonly observed in patients with chronic HF and CKD. Guidance of HF management by impedance‐based RM significantly decreased primary event rates in patients without CKD, but not in patients with CKD.
Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist use and the effects of empagliflozin on clinical outcomes in patients admitted for acute heart failure: Findings from EMPULSE
Authors: Ferreira João Pedro , Blatchford Jonathan P. , Teerlink John R. , Kosiborod Mikhail N. , Angermann Christiane E. , Biegus Jan , Collins Sean P. , Tromp Jasper , Nassif Michael E. , Psotka Mitchell A. , Comin‐Colet Josep , Mentz Robert J. , Brueckmann Martina , Nordaby Matias , Ponikowski Piotr , Voors Adriaan A.
Published: August 2023

Aims

In patients hospitalized for acute heart failure (AHF) empagliflozin produced greater clinical benefit than placebo. Many patients with AHF are treated with mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs). The interplay between empagliflozin and MRAs in AHF is yet to be explored. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of empagliflozin versus placebo according to MRA use at baseline in the EMPULSE trial (NCT04157751).

Methods and results

In this analysis all comparisons were performed between empagliflozin and placebo, stratified by baseline MRA use. The primary outcome included all‐cause death, heart failure events, and a ≥5 point difference in Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) total symptom score at 90 days, assessed using the win ratio (WR). First heart failure hospitalization or cardiovascular death was a secondary outcome. From the 530 patients randomized, 276 (52%) were receiving MRAs at baseline. MRA users were younger, had lower ejection fraction, better renal function, and higher KCCQ scores. The primary outcome showed benefit of empagliflozin irrespective of baseline MRA use (WR 1.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08–1.97 and WR 1.27, 95% CI 0.93–1.73 in MRA users and non‐users, respectively; interaction p = 0.52). The effect of empagliflozin on first heart failure hospitalization or cardiovascular death was not modified by MRA use (hazard ratio [HR] 0.58, 95% CI 0.30–1.11 and HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.47–1.52 in MRA users and non‐users, respectively; interaction p = 0.39). Investigator‐reported and severe hyperkalaemia events were infrequent (<6%) irrespective of MRA use.

Conclusions

In patients admitted for AHF, initiation of empagliflozin produced clinical benefit and was well tolerated irrespective of background MRA use. These findings support the early use of empagliflozin on top of MRA therapy in patients admitted for AHF.
In Honor of Prof. Dr. Dr. hc Rainer Streubel
Authors: Helten Holger , Waterman Rory
Published: August 2023

Rainer Streubel's significant contribution to the field of low‐valent phosphorous chemistry has had a great impact on the field. This special collection was assembled to honor Prof. Streubel on the occasion of his retirement. The central theme is the beauty of inorganic chemistry.
Hindered Phase Transition Kinetics of α‐CsPbI3 by External Tension
Authors: Wang Ryan Taoran , Jin Xi , Tan Wenyan , Zhang Yu , Zhang Weiwei , Abbas Aumber , Lyu Bingkun , Xu Fan
Published: August 2023

Recently, all‐inorganic perovskite solar cells have attracted a large amount of attention, due to the much better water resistance compared to the organic counterparts. Unfortunately, the undesired phase transition remains a significant challenge, despite the many attempts. An important step forward is made here by numerical simulation, which discovers the significance of external strain to the stability of desired α‐CsPbI3, whose lifetime can be extended up to three times by nonhydrostatic tension, as is verified by both modeling and experimental results. In addition, such lifetime can be even enhanced further by hydrostatic tension, as indicated by the simulation. The unexpected observation provides not only an effective method to extend the lifetime of the perovskite devices, but also opens an unexpected path for the wide research community to utilize the straining engineering method that is extensively investigated in the perovskite research.
Joint State‐of‐Charge and State‐of‐Health Estimation for Lithium‐Ion Batteries Based on Improved Lebesgue Sampling and Division of Aging Stage
Authors: Mao Ling , Yang Chuan , Zhao Jinbin , Qu Keqing , Yu Xiaofang
Published: August 2023

Accurate estimation of state‐of‐charge (SOC) and state‐of‐health (SOH) is an important guarantee for the safe and stable operation of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). To reduce the computational cost of the battery management system, a joint SOC and SOH estimation method is proposed that achieves a balanced allocation of computational resources and prediction accuracy. It is based on a combined circuit model and data‐driven method, which uses improved Lebesgue sampling for the capacity update of SOC estimation. It updates capacity reduction calculation when the capacity decays slowly, and can reduce the estimation error without increasing the number of sampling calculations. To improve the SOH estimation accuracy, two types of relevant health factors (HFs) are selected according to the aging mechanism of the battery. The battery aging stage is divided according to the HFs, and the SOH estimation method is proposed according to the battery aging stage. Experimental validation of the method is carried out by means of the aging dataset of LIBs from Oxford University batteries. The results show that the proposed joint estimation of SOH and SOC method has high accuracy and less computational cost in the whole lifecycle of LIBs.
Evaluation of Supercapacitor Properties of Radio Frequency Sputter Binder‐Free and Nanosandwich WO3/SiO2/WO3 Thin Film
Authors: Muslu Elif , Eren Esin , Uygun Oksuz Aysegul
Published: August 2023

Supercapacitors require efficient and environmentally friendly electrodes. This study investigates the promising potential of a tungsten oxide/silicon dioxide/tungsten oxide (WO3/SiO2/WO3) thin film on a Cu substrate as an alternative to conventional metal oxide flexible electrodes. Motivated by the need for enhanced energy storage capabilities, the WO3/SiO2/WO3 composite combines WO3 high specific capacitance and electrochemical stability of WO3 with improved mechanical durability and high surface area of SiO2, offering a synergistic solution to overcome electrode limitations. Utilizing the radio frequency magnetron sputtering technique, the WO3/SiO2/WO3 thin film is precisely deposited on a Cu flexible substrate without organic additives, conductive agents, binder chemicals, or substrate pretreatment. Electrochemical characterization reveals the film's pseudocapacitive behavior, facilitated by the SiO2 interlayer, enabling influential adjustment of electrolyte ions within the electrode structure. The obtained high specific capacitances at various scan rates and current densities demonstrate the potential of the thin film for supercapacitor applications. This research highlights the nanosandwich WO3/SiO2/WO3 thin film as a promising material for flexible energy storage and intelligent nanodevices, making it a noteworthy candidate for various flexible applications. The findings contribute to the development of efficient and environmentally friendly energy storage solutions.
Damage evolution characteristics of heterogeneous fractured sandstone reservoir under different fracturing fluids
Authors: Xu Ke , Zhang Hui , Zhang Zhizhen , Yin Guoqing , Shang Xiaoji , Wang Zhimin , Wang Haiying , Yuan Fang , Qian Ziwei , Lai Shujun
Published: August 2023

To investigate the coupling effect of in situ stress and fluid pore pressure and the propagation law of damaged area during hydraulic fracturing and gas fracturing in heterogeneous fractured reservoirs, according to the effective stress principle and the smooth Rankine stress criterion, this paper establishes a coupled fluid–solid‐damage mathematical model of heterogeneous rock layers and carries out numerical simulations on the characteristic field changes of rock layers under water and nitrogen fracturing. The results show that the continuous injection of nitrogen or water can cause an increase in pore pressure in natural fractures and rock matrices, leading to rock damage and an increase in porosity. Under the same parameters, the damage area and length of the rock mass during nitrogen fracturing are larger than those of hydraulic fracturing, and the changes in pore pressure, permeability, and porosity are consistent with the damage area. The pore pressure near the connected natural fractures is relatively high, resulting in tensile strain; the pore pressure at isolated fractures is relatively low, and some even produce compressive strain. During nitrogen fracturing, the damage evolution is less affected by the in situ stress and the matrix permeability, while hydraulic fracturing is more affected by them. The damage area is the smallest when the horizontal in situ stress is equal. When the initial permeability of the matrix is low, the damaged area mainly follows the natural fractures and is distributed in a strip shape. As the permeability of the matrix increases, the fracturing fluid can enter the matrix, and the damaged area is in the shape of a block.
CSF1R inhibition at chronic stage after spinal cord injury modulates microglia proliferation
Authors: Perez Jean‐Christophe , Poulen Gaetan , Cardoso Maida , Boukhaddaoui Hassan , Gazard Chloé Marie , Courtand Gilles , Bertrand Sandrine Sylvie , Gerber Yannick Nicolas , Perrin Florence Evelyne
Published: August 2023

Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) induces irreversible autonomic and sensory‐motor impairments. A large number of patients exhibit chronic SCI and no curative treatment is currently available. Microglia are predominant immune players after SCI, they undergo highly dynamic processes, including proliferation and morphological modification. In a translational aim, we investigated whether microglia proliferation persists at chronic stage after spinal cord hemisection and whether a brief pharmacological treatment could modulate microglial responses. We first carried out a time course analysis of SCI‐induced microglia proliferation associated with morphological analysis up to 84 days post‐injury (dpi). Second, we analyzed outcomes on microglia of an oral administration of GW2580, a colony stimulating factor‐1 receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor reducing selectively microglia proliferation. After SCI, microglia proliferation remains elevated at 84 dpi. The percentage of proliferative microglia relative to proliferative cells increases over time reaching almost 50% at 84 dpi. Morphological modifications of microglia processes are observed up to 84 dpi and microglia cell body area is transiently increased up to 42 dpi. A transient post‐injury GW2580‐delivery at two chronic stages after SCI (42 and 84 dpi) reduces microglia proliferation and modifies microglial morphology evoking an overall limitation of secondary inflammation. Finally, transient GW2580‐delivery at chronic stage after SCI modulates myelination processes. Together our study shows that there is a persistent microglia proliferation induced by SCI and that a pharmacological treatment at chronic stage after SCI modulates microglial responses. Thus, a transient oral GW2580‐delivery at chronic stage after injury may provide a promising therapeutic strategy for chronic SCI patients.
The synaptic vesicle protein Mover/TPRG1L is associated with lipid droplets in astrocytes
Authors: Krohn Jeremy , Domart Florelle , Do Thanh Thao , Dresbach Thomas
Published: August 2023

Crucial brain functions such as neurotransmission, myelination, and signaling pose a high demand for lipids. Lipid dysregulation is associated with neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Astrocytes protect neurons from lipid induced damage by accumulating and metabolizing toxic lipids in organelles called lipid droplets (LDs). LDs have long been considered as lipid storage compartments in adipocytes, but less is known about their biogenesis and composition in the brain. In particular, proteins covering the LD surface are not yet fully identified. Here, we report that the presynaptic protein Mover/TPRG1L, which regulates the probability of neurotransmitter release in neurons, is a component of the LD coat in astrocytes. Using conventional and super‐resolution microscopy, we demonstrate that Mover surrounds naive and oleic acid induced astrocytic LDs. We confirm the identity of astrocytic LDs using the neutral lipid stains Bodipy and LipidTox, as well as immunofluorescence for perilipin‐2, a known component of the LD coat. In astrocytes, recombinant Mover was sufficient to induce an accumulation of LDs. Furthermore, we identified point mutations that abolish targeting to LDs and show similarities in the required binding sequences for association to the presynapse and LDs. Our results show that Mover is not only a presynaptic protein but also a candidate for LD regulation. This highlights the dual role of Mover in synaptic transmission and regulation of astrocytic LDs, which may be particularly important in the context of lipid‐related neurological disorders.
The π‐Molecular Complex of Biphenylene and Tetracyanoethylene
Authors: Dobszay Rita , Mayer Péter J. , Holczbauer Tamás , Kunfi Attila , Stirling András , London Gábor
Published: August 2023

The investigation of the biphenylene (BP)‐tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) π‐molecular complex is reported. The first study on this complex appeared in 1961 and was considered as a charge transfer complex with a symmetric, co‐planar arrangement of the components. Moreover, it was assumed that this arrangement is not only dictated by the formation of a Mulliken‐type donor‐acceptor complex, but also by the electronic stabilization of the ‘cyclobutadieneoid’ central ring of biphenylene through complex formation. Yet, crystal structure and associated computational analysis have not verified these predictions so far. We found that factors other than charge‐transfer interactions are most influential in the crystal formation. The low association constant in solution, and the weak interaction between the components in the 1 : 1 crystal structure point towards the low contribution of charge transfer interactions to their binding. Nevertheless, the presence of these interaction is hinted by the color of its solution and verified by theoretical calculations. Furthermore, Nucleus Independent Chemical Shift (NICS) calculations were carried out to characterize potential changes in the (anti)aromatic character of BP upon complex formation. The NICS(0) values of the rings of BP exhibit tiny changes both in the BP‐TCNE dimer and in the crystal, which also suggests weak electronic interactions between them.
Challenging assumptions underlying physical activity promotion for health care professionals in Australia: A data‐prompted interview study
Authors: Kwasnicka Dominika , Potthoff Sebastian , Hagger Martin S. , Vandelanotte Corneel , Rebar Amanda , Short Camille E. , Crook Dawn , Gardner Benjamin
Published: August 2023

Issue Addressed

Interventions targeting health care professionals' behaviours are assumed to support them in learning how to give behavioural advice to patients, but such assumptions are rarely examined. This study investigated whether key assumptions were held regarding the design and delivery of physical activity interventions among health care professionals in applied health care settings. This study was part of the ‘Physical Activity Tailored intervention in Hospital Staff’ randomised controlled trial of three variants of a web‐based intervention.

Methods

We used data‐prompted interviews to explore whether the interventions were delivered and operated as intended in health care professionals working in four hospitals in Western Australia (N = 25). Data were analysed using codebook thematic analysis.

Results

Five themes were constructed: (1) health care professionals' perceived role in changing patients' health behaviours; (2) work‐related barriers to physical activity intervention adherence; (3) health care professionals' use of behaviour change techniques; (4) contamination between groups; and (5) perceptions of intervention tailoring.

Conclusions

The intervention was not experienced by participants, nor did they implement the intervention guidance, in the way we expected. For example, not all health care professionals felt responsible for providing behaviour change advice, time and shift constraints were key barriers to intervention participation, and contamination effects were difficult to avoid.

So What?

Our study challenges assumptions about how health care professionals respond to behaviour change advice and possible knock‐on benefits for patients. Applying our learnings may improve the implementation of health promotion interventions in health care settings.
Clinical efficacy of probiotics in prevention of infectious diseases among hospitalized patients in ICU and non‐ICU wards in clinical randomized trials: A systematic review
Authors: Darbandi Atieh , Banar Maryam , Koupaei Maryam , Afifirad Roghayeh , Asadollahi Parisa , Bafandeh Elnaz , Rasooli Iraj , Emamie Amir , Navidifar Tahereh , Owlia Parviz
Published: August 2023

Background and Aims

The present study aimed to review probiotics' clinical efficacy in preventing infectious diseases among hospitalized patients in ICU and non‐ICU wards.

Methods

A search of Medline, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, Science Direct, Open Grey, and Google Scholar was conducted for eligible publications from 2002 to 2020 following the requirements outlined in the PRISMA guideline. The search strategy was based on the combination of the following terms: “probiotics,” “prebiotics,” “synbiotics,” and “cross‐infection.” The logical operators “AND” (or the equivalent operator for the databases) and “OR” (e.g., probiotics OR prebiotics OR synbiotics) were used.

Results

The results indicated that the probiotic consumption caused a significant reduction in antibiotic‐associated diarrhea (AAD) and Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in 2/8 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) investigating AAD/CDI. Also, 5/12 clinical trials highlighted the considerable effects of probiotics on the reduction or prevention of ventilator associated pneumoniae (VAP), so the mean prevalence of VAP was lower in the probiotic group than in the placebo group. The total rate of nosocomial infections among preterm infants was nonsignificantly higher in the probiotic group compared to the control group.

Conclusion

This systematic review shows that the administration of probiotics has moderate preventive or mitigating effects on the occurrence of VAP in ICU patients, CDI, AAD, and nosocomial infections among children. Consequently, applying antibiotics along with the proper probiotic species can be advantageous.
Comparison of outcomes of open and laparoscopic appendectomy: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Basukala Sunil , Thapa Niranjan , Bhusal Ujwal , Shrestha Oshan , Karki Sagun , Regmi Shiva K. , Shah Kunda B. , Shah Aasish
Published: August 2023

Background

Open appendectomy has been the conventional choice of treatment for acute appendicitis. However, nowadays laparoscopic approach is emerging for the benefits it provides, like lesser postoperative pain and lesser duration of hospital stay, but at the cost of higher expenses and longer operative duration.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was done at Shree Birendra Hospital from January 2018 to December 2021, with a total study population of 450 participants (300 in open appendectomy and 150 in laparoscopic appendectomy). Preoperative. Intraoperative and postoperative parameters were compared and analyzed between two groups using SPSS‐25.

Results

The mean age was 26.72 ± 9.70 in the open appendectomy (OA) and years 23.89 ± 6.32 in the laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) group. (p = 0.010) There was a significant difference between the mean operative time (46.08 ± 13.10 min in OA and 56.86 ±  11.70 min in LA, p = 0.000), length of hospital stay (1.28 ± 0.80 days in OA and 1.07 ±  0.25 days in LA, p = 0.000), course of oral analgesics (3.55 ± 0.68 days in OA and 3.00 days in LA p = 0.000) between OA groups and LA groups, while the total number of complications was less in the LA group however there was no statistically significant difference postoperative complications (p = 0.124) between the two groups in the surgical findings.

Conclusion

All in all, the laparoscopic approach is a better option for uncomplicated appendicitis due to its less postoperative pain and shorter duration of hospital stay.
Trends in cancer incidence by socioeconomic deprivation in Germany in 2007 to 2018: An ecological registry‐based study
Authors: Jansen Lina , Schwettmann Lars , Behr Christian , Eberle Andrea , Holleczek Bernd , Justenhoven Christina , Kajüter Hiltraud , Manz Kirsi , Peters Frederik , Pritzkuleit Ron , Schmidt‐Pokrzywniak Andrea , Sirri Eunice , Tetzlaff Fabian , Voigtländer Sven , Arndt Volker
Published: August 2023

Age‐standardized cancer incidence has decreased over the last years for many cancer sites in developed countries. Whether these trends led to narrowing or widening socioeconomic inequalities in cancer incidence is unknown. Using cancer registry data covering 48 million inhabitants in Germany, the ecological association between age‐standardized total and site specific (colorectal, lung, prostate and breast) cancer incidence in 2007 to 2018 and a deprivation index on district level (aggregated to quintiles) was investigated. Incidence in the most and least deprived districts were compared using Poisson models. Average annual percentage changes (AAPCs) and differences in AAPCs between deprivation quintiles were assessed using Joinpoint regression analyses. Age‐standardized incidence decreased strongly between 2007 and 2018 for total cancer and all cancer sites (except female lung cancer), irrespective of the level of deprivation. However, differences in the magnitude of trends across deprivation quintiles resulted in increasing inequalities over time for total cancer, colorectal and lung cancer. For total cancer, the incidence rate ratio between the most and least deprived quintile increased from 1.07 (95% confidence interval: 1.01‐1.12) to 1.23 (1.12‐1.32) in men and from 1.07 (1.01‐1.13) to 1.20 (1.14‐1.26) in women. Largest inequalities were observed for lung cancer with 82% (men) and 88% (women) higher incidence in the most vs the least deprived regions in 2018. The observed increase in inequalities in cancer incidence is in alignment with trends in inequalities in risk factor prevalence and partly utilization of screening. Intervention programs targeted at socioeconomically deprived and urban regions are highly needed.
Contemporary evaluation of women and girls with abnormal uterine bleeding: FIGO Systems 1 and 2
Authors: Jain Varsha , Munro Malcolm G. , Critchley Hilary O. D.
Published: August 2023

Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is common, often debilitating, and may affect over 50% of reproductive‐aged women and girls. Whereas AUB is a collection of symptoms that include intermenstrual bleeding and abnormalities in period duration, cycle length, and regularity, it is heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) that is most contributory to iron deficiency and related anemia. It is apparent that AUB, in general, and HMB, in particular, remain underrecognized and underreported. FIGO created two systems for assessing and classifying AUB. FIGO System 1 defines the bleeding pattern using four primary descriptors: frequency, duration, regularity, and flow volume. FIGO System 2 provides a structured classification system of possible causes of AUB, using the acronym PALM‐COEIN. “PALM” refers to structural causes of AUB (Polyp, Adenomyosis, Leiomyoma, Malignancy), and “COEI” refers to nonstructural causes (Coagulopathy, Ovulatory dysfunction, Endometrial, and Iatrogenic). The “N” is reserved for those entities that are currently not otherwise classified. Using FIGO System 1 as a gateway to FIGO System 2 streamlines the investigation of reproductive‐aged women and girls with AUB. Understanding the pathogenesis of the FIGO System 2 “PALM‐COEIN” causes helps interpret investigations and the onward management of AUB. Numerous evidence gaps exist concerning AUB; however, if researchers and trialists universally adopt FIGO Systems 1 and 2 for the assessment and diagnosis of AUB, clear translatable research findings can be applied globally.
Enhancing functional recovery following postpartum femoral neuropathy: early neurorehabilitation and multidisciplinary obstetric care
Authors: Moita Gonçalves Eugénio , Lanzaro Camile , Silva Luísa Cunha , Correia Pedro , Gonçalves José Vítor , Azevedo Marta , Carrapatoso Inês , Silva João Pedro , Carvalho Carolina , Cruz André
Published: August 2023

Postpartum femoral neuropathy has a reported incidence of less than 1% and its total recovery time extends up to 6 months to a year. A multidisciplinary approach is vital to rule out permanent disability and to assure a correct diagnosis and earlier rehabilitation. We report a case of a 37‐year‐old puerperal woman with a history of intrapartum epidural analgesia, who presented post‐labor unilateral lower‐limb motor weakness and sensory loss, with functional compromise on independent gait. A multidisciplinary team consisting of an anesthesiologist, a physiatrist, a neurologist, and an obstetrician was then established. In the initial physiatry and neurology assessment, the patient reported pain (numerical rating scale 7/10) over the inguinal ligament, lower limb hypoesthesia, and muscle weakness. Femoral neuropathy was suspected. Magnetic resonance imaging ruled out potential complications related to the anesthetic procedure. The patient was then enrolled in a supervised rehabilitation program and, 3 weeks later, electrodiagnostic studies confirmed the initial suspicion. Two months later, the patient had regained lower‐limb active range of motion and no pain nor paresthesia was reported. Our case report describes how an early multimodal rehabilitation program within a multidisciplinary framework allows for sooner neuromotor function improvement and activities of daily living independence.
Bifunctional trifluorophenylacetic acid additive for stable and highly efficient flexible perovskite solar cell
Authors: Cao Yang , Feng Jiangshan , Xu Zhuo , Zhang Lu , Lou Junjie , Liu Yucheng , Ren Xiaodong , Yang Dong , Liu Shengzhong (Frank)
Published: August 2023

The defects within perovskite films are the fatal roadblock limiting the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, we develop a patching strategy to obtain high‐quality perovskite film using bifunctional trifluorophenylacetic acid (TFPA). Theoretical calculation and experiments reveal that the –COOH groups in TFPA effectively passivate the deep‐energy‐level defects of perovskite by combining with Pb clusters on the perovskite grain surfaces to enhance the efficiency of PSCs, and hydrophobic benzene groups containing fluorine in TFPA are exposed to improve the stability of PSCs. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs with TFPA is enhanced from 22.95% to 24.56%. Most importantly, we successfully fabricated flexible PSCs using TFPA with the high PCE of 22.65%. The devices with TFPA maintain 93.22% of the initial efficiency MPP under continuous irradiation for 10.5 h, while the devices without TFPA only retain 82.22% of the initial efficiency under the same conditions for just 5 h. Meanwhile, the unsealed devices with TFPA hold 93.59% of the initial efficiency when stored in air for 3912 h.

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ARJUNA: An accessible pin entry model in smartphones for persons with low vision
Authors: Balayogi G. , Kuppusamy K. S.
Published: August 2023

User authentication is the cornerstone of providing secure access to the services in the digital ecosystem. Critical applications such as Banking use Personal Identification Number (PIN)‐based passwords and One Time Passwords (OTP), for transactions to strengthen security. However, persons with visual impairments have often been a soft target for cyber attacks as it is comparatively simpler to make them victims of various attacks. This paper proposes a model titled Accessible Robust Just‐in‐time Numerical Authentication (ARJUNA) to assist PIN entry in smartphones for people with visual impairments. This study has explored several cyber‐attacks on visually impaired users and proposed the ARJUNA model that provides a robust braille‐inspired PIN input for people with visual impairments. The proposed model is implemented as an Android application that users can easily access. Several experiments are conducted with visually impaired users to study the model's performance. The proposed ARJUNA model has shown supportive results in the user study. The robustness of ARJUNA against various attacks is also explored in this article.
Peer victimization and Internet addiction among adolescents: The role of anger rumination and social dominance orientation
Authors: Chen Jiahui , Xiong Yuke , Wang Quanquan , Xu Xiaofeng , Qin Xingna , Ren Ping
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Internet addiction has garnered growing attention in recent years, and peer victimization plays a major contributor to adolescents' Internet addiction. However, little is known about the mediating and moderating mechanisms in the association between peer victimization and Internet addiction. Guided by cognitive behavioral model and worldview verification model, this study examined a moderated mediation model in which anger rumination at Time 1 (T1) mediated the association between peer victimization at T1 and Internet addiction at Time 2 (T2), and this mediation effect was moderated by T1 social dominance orientation (SDO).

Methods

A short‐term longitudinal design was adopted, incorporating two measurement occasions (with approximately 6‐month intervals). Participants were 2597 adolescents (51.5% male, Mage = 13.9, SD = 0.60) from seven secondary schools in Zhengzhou City, China. All participants were invited to complete the self‐reported questionnaires assessing peer victimization, anger rumination, SDO at T1 (December 2015) and Internet addiction at T2 (June 2016), respectively. A short‐term longitudinal moderated mediation model was conducted to analyze the association between variables.

Results

The results showed that T1 peer victimization was positively associated with T2 Internet addiction in which association was mediated by T1 anger rumination. T1 SDO moderated the associations between T1 peer victimization and T1 anger rumination and this effect was stronger with lower levels of SDO. In terms of gender differences, SDO moderated the associations between peer victimization and anger rumination only for boys.

Conclusions

Results highlight that anger rumination is a potential mechanism explaining how peer victimization is related to Internet addiction and that this relation may be moderated by SDO.
The role of premeditation in suicide: Identifying factors associated with increased planning among suicide decedents
Authors: Gomez Stephanie H. , Overholser James , McGovern Christopher , Silva Christiana , Stockmeier Craig A.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Suicide premeditation is a critical factor to consider when assessing suicide risk. Understanding which individuals are more or less likely to plan their suicidal behavior can shed light on how suicidal thoughts turn into actions.

Method

The present study used psychological autopsy data to identify factors associated with level of premeditation among 131 adults who died by suicide.

Results

Logistic regression analyses indicated that suicide decedents with higher premeditation scores had higher odds of being diagnosed with a depressive disorder and choosing a violent suicide method, specifically a firearm. Individuals with lower premeditation scores had higher odds of being diagnosed with a polysubstance use disorder.

Conclusion

Suicide decedents exhibiting greater premeditation before their deaths were different in several ways from suicide decedents exhibiting less premeditation. A better understanding of suicide premeditation can ultimately aid in the development of improved risk assessments and targeted safety interventions for those struggling with suicidal thoughts.