bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Rare Case of Right-Sided Unilateral Thalamic Edema Due to Internal Cerebral Vein Thrombosis
Authors: Ivaturi Nagesh Venkata , Gopinath Manoj
Published: May 2024

32 yr old individual presented with headaches and detected to have cerebral venomous thrombosis. MRI revealed internal cerebral vein thrombosis with unilateral that edema. He was managed conservatively.
Clinicopathological Profile of Primary Gastric Lymphoma - A Retrospective and Observational Study
Authors: Mehta Ritu , Yadav Rashmi , Chawla Naveen
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

Primary gastric lymphoma (PGL) accounts for <15% of all the gastric malignances and <2% of all the lymphomas. Although they can involve any part of gastric tract, however, stomach is predominantly involved. Clinically, it is difficult to diagnose gastric lymphoma as it does not present with specific symptoms.

Materials and Methods:

It was a retrospective study carried out from July 16 to July 20. Patient's data were obtained from clinical record sheets. Histopathological examination was performed followed by panel of immunohistochemistry with leukocyte common antigen, CD 3, CD138, CD10, CD5, CD79a, CD20, Bcl-2, Bcl-6, Cyclin D1, and Ki-67. Further subtyping of gastric NHL was done using immunohistochemistry.

Results:

A total of 30 patients of PGL were included in the study. There were 23 males and 7 females, with M:F of 3.1:1. The mean age of presentation was 53 years. Abdominal pain and dyspepsia were common symptoms at presentation. Gastric antrum was the common site of involvement. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma germinal center type was the most common histological variant seen in the present study. Helicobacter pylori was seen in 9 cases (30%) cases. Majority of patients were diagnosed in Stage II and III.

Conclusion:

PGL clinically is difficult to diagnose because of its nonspecific symptoms. Endoscopic examination should be done in such patients. All these suspicious patients should undergo biopsy examination of the lesion.
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Frostbite
Authors: Pinninti Anil , Verma Vivek , Narayan S , Mohan Amitabh
Published: May 2024

A team of 10 personnel from a mountaineering team has undertaken an expedition to Mt Menthosa at an altitude of 21138 ft. in October 2018. After scaling the peak and in the following days during descent, the three members of the team had developed cold injuries. They were given first aid during descent. Later, they were diagnosed as cases of frostbite. All three personnel were evacuated to a Military Hospital, Delhi, India and were treated with oral vasodilators, antiplatelet drugs, analgesics, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO2T) was administered at a Recompression chamber at Delhi for 1 week. These personnel were thereafter referred to INHS Asvini for further management and continuation of HBO2T. After 30 sessions of HBO2T administration at this hospital, there was a significant improvement in the wounds of all three personnel with minimal surgical intervention and no major amputation. The treatment of frostbite includes treating hypothermia before thawing of cold injury, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, tissue plasminogen activators and iloprost, a potent vasodilator which is used in severe cases. Planning of surgery is vital with the goal of obtaining the best functional outcome. Premature amputation increases morbidity and is likely to lead to poor subsequent function. This article aims to discuss the advantages of HBO2T administration as an adjuvant therapy in the management of frostbite cases along with wound care management.
Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) in the Evaluation of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Disease
Authors: Hande Pradipta C. , Hande Vivek
Published: May 2024

Chronic liver disease (CLD) is common in clinical practice, and the estimation of liver fibrosis (FIB) is crucial for the treatment of these patients. Liver elastography is more widely used in the evaluation of hepatic steatosis and FIB. Acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFIs) are an imaging technique which is available on ultrasonography machines to indicate tissue stiffness of various organs as it correlates with tissue elasticity. Various etiologies can cause moderate-to-severe hepatic FIB which can lead to altered liver function with structural and biochemical abnormalities which eventually result in liver failure. Commercially available ultrasound machines with incorporated ability for shear-wave (SW) technology and available software systems can perform ARFI. Usually, curved array 3.5–4 MHz transducers are used for obtaining SW velocities. We aim to review the clinical applications of ARFI as a noninvasive method using SW velocity measurements to assess the severity of liver FIB in liver parenchymal diseases. In this article, we have discussed the efficacy of quantitative assessment to evaluate the severity of liver disease which has a direct impact on the management and outcome of CLD.
Early Neurodevelopmental Intervention
Authors: Thergaonkar Neerja , Thergaonkar Ranjeet W , Thakur Manisha , Nagamani Bala , Bhat Vivek
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

Early intervention programs for developmental disabilities are often not available in India due to non-availability of resources. The objective of this prospective observational study was to measure the efficacy of an early intervention program for neurodevelopmental disabilities in a mid-sized hospital.

Methods:

The study enrolled infants and toddlers aged 1-30 months who were at risk for, suspected to have or diagnosed with developmental delay. Infants and toddlers with medical instability and profound developmental delay at first assessment were excluded. The patients were tested using Developmental Assessment Scale for Indian Infants (DASII) at first visit after which individualized intervention plans based on modules devised by National Institute for Empowerment of Persons with Intellectual Disabilities (NIEPID) were instituted. Reassessment using DASII was performed during subsequent visits.

Results:

Twenty infants and toddlers were enrolled from 2017-2019. Improvement or stable status was noted in 18/28 patients in both mental and motor domains. Of the remaining 10, no improvement or regression was noted in (a) both mental and motor domains in three patients (b) mental domain only in five patients and (c) motor domain alone in two patients.

Discussion:

Early remedial intervention using indigenous instruments/tools is feasible, pragmatic, and effective in a resource-constrained setting.
Rhino-Orbital-Cerebral Mucormycosis
Authors: Laghimsetty Srujana , Sujatha Y. , Muddam Vivekananda Reddy
Published: May 2024

This article aims to provide relevant clinical pearls to help in the diagnosis and treatment of Rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM). The main risk factors apart from SARS-CoV 19 infection for ROCM are uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, diabetic ketoacidosis, and steroid usage. The major clinical findings in the case of orbital involvement are loss or decrease of vision, ophthalmoplegia, proptosis, and panophthalmitis-like picture. Effective management of the disease lies in prompt diagnosis, adequate surgical debridement, and appropriate systemic antifungal therapy. With timely attention, we can save the vision, globe, and life of the patient.
Clinical Review on Mucopolysaccharidosis and its Ocular Significance
Authors: Jayasri P. , Stephen A. Mary
Published: May 2024

A condition with deficiency of various enzymes which plays a crucial role in the degradation of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) is termed to be mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS). The disease entity is due to abnormal breakdown and diffuse accumulation of GAG in the various system including brain, eye, muscle, lungs, heart, and gastrointestinal system. The disease spectrum is highly varied from slight phenotypic changes to severe life-threatening illness. Morbidity, especially low visual acuity is due to the involvement of cornea (clouding of the cornea), optic nerve abnormality, and also retinopathy. Marked impairment of physical and intellectual function is common. The diagnosis is mostly clinical and advanced testing including enzyme assay and gene testing is required for typing and pinpoint diagnosis. The treatment options are limited in most cases as enzyme replacement therapy is not widely available and expensive. Bone marrow transplantation has been found to be successful but still a cumbersome option. Visual morbidity can be reduced by performing keratoplasty if corneal clouding is significant and visual prognosis is often guarded.
Bietti's Crystalline Dystrophy
Authors: Harris Adline , Sandhya C. S.
Published: May 2024

Bietti's crystalline dystrophy (BCD) is a relatively rare tapetoretinal degeneration with marginal corneal dystrophy characterized by subepithelial corneal crystals at the limbus and intraretinal crystals in the posterior pole with atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium and choroidal sclerosis caused by a mutation in the CYP4V2 gene. In this article, we present a case of a middle-aged female with a history of gradual, progressive, painless diminution of vision in both eyes showing multiple diffuse yellowish crystalline structures in the fundus with atrophy of underlying structures. Spectral domain-ocular coherence tomography of macula revealed bilateral multiple hyperreflective dots with outer retinal tubulations. Electroretinogram showed subnormal scotopic and photopic responses. Although very few cases of BCD have been reported, a wide knowledge about the disease is necessary to diagnose early and hence to uplift the quality of life to the patient by providing low visual aids and visual rehabilitation.
Mohsin's Schoolchildren Eye Screening Program - Analysis of the Results
Authors: Syamala Pandiri Venkatagiri , Raju Ramya Seetam , Raju C. V. Gopal , Ahikrishna Rednam , Chetty A. V. N.
Published: May 2024

Aim of the Study:

To determine the prevalence of ocular morbidity among government schoolchildren from Mohsin's Schoolchildren Eye Screening Program.

Design:

A school-based, observational study design.

Participants:

Schoolchildren between 1st and 10th standards across various government schools.

Materials and Methods:

Students of 429 government schools of Visakhapatnam were covered under this eye screening program. It was a three-staged program. In the first stage, 84,727 students were screened for visual impairment and the presence of any abnormality by trained teachers or optometrists. In the second stage, those who were identified were subjected to a detailed ocular examination and refraction in the school premises by trained optometrists. Glasses were dispensed for those who improved to normal visual acuity and treatment was given for minor ailments by optometrists, residents and ophthalmologists requiring further evaluation were referred to the base hospital for examination and appropriate management by an ophthalmologist in the third stage.

Results:

84,727 children from 429 schools were screened. Ocular morbidity was 6.07%. Refractive error was the most common ocular disorder identified in 3.74% with a significantly high rate among secondary schoolchildren (P < 0.001). Other common abnormalities found were color blindness (1.25%), allergic conjunctivitis (0.12%), squint (0.08%), infective conjunctivitis (0.02%), amblyopia (0.02%), and lid and adnexal disorders (0.02%).

Conclusion:

Ocular morbidity is a significant problem among schoolchildren. Visual impairment due to refractive errors is common and can be corrected by prescribing glasses. School screening programs are effective and essential in identifying ocular morbidity in schoolchildren.
A Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Study of Diabetic Retinopathy in An Urban Population
Authors: Keesara Ramya Reddy , Ather Mohammed , Reddy J. M. Lokabhi
Published: May 2024

Background:

As the global prevalence of diabetes is on the rise, diabetic retinopathy (DR) is also projected to escalate. DR is one of the major causes of preventable blindness. Aims and Objectives: The rationale of this study is to ascertain and record knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) patterns among diabetics on diabetes and DR and to recognize the barriers to compliance to regular screening.

Materials and Method:

A cross-sectional study using a 43-point questionnaire was conducted in an urban population. Each response was assigned a score to attain aggregates and was further cataloged into “good,” “average/moderate,” and “poor” KAP categories using Microsoft Excel/SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences).

Results:

One hundred and ninety-six diabetics with a mean age of 59.89 ± 11.83 years were included in this study. “Good” knowledge scores seen in 28.6% showed a statistically significant association (P < 0.001) with “positive” attitude (28.6%) and “good” practice (33.7%) patterns. Women had better overall KAP scores. Good vision (65.6%) and unawareness (31.3%) were the major barriers to compliance.

Conclusions:

Awareness of DR is lagging even amid educated urban population. Establishing diabetic morbidity and retinopathy awareness with emphasis on necessity of timely screening and treatment might be the way forward in this pandemic period.
Amelanotic Choroidal Melanoma Presenting as Tubercular Granuloma
Authors: Mohan Sashwanthi , Mishra Dilip , Raval Vishal
Published: May 2024

A 52-year-old woman presented to our outpatient department with chief complaints of progressive diminution of vision in the left eye for 1 year. She did receive antitubercular treatment for 1 year in view of presumed choroidal lesion of tubercular origin. However, the lesion continued to increase in size and hence the patient came for second opinion. Multimodal imaging such as ultrasonography (A and B scan) along with indocyanine green angiography was suspicious for malignant choroidal melanoma. A diagnostic fine-needle aspiration biopsy confirmed the clinical diagnosis of amelanotic variant of choroidal melanoma. The patient subsequently underwent treatment with plaque brachytherapy. At 3-month follow-up, the tumor regressed with reduction in height as well as surrounding retinal pigment epithelial atrophy.
Estimation of Serum Mineral Levels in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Sandhya C. S. , Devi N. G. Prasoona , Pulaganti Madhusudana , Shambhavi G. K. , Padmavathi V. , Lalitha J. Sri
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

Age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) is a highly prevalent progressive retinal disorder which has multiple genetic, environmental, and nutritional risk factors, but the exact etiology is not yet fully understood. To unravel the mysterious etiology of ARMD, more than 100 different compounds have been analyzed in the blood, serum, plasma, aqueous, and vitreous humor for their association with AMD. The present study aims to estimate the serum levels of zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and selenium (Se) in ARMD patients when compared to normal.

Aim:

The aim of this study is to estimate the serum levels of Zn, Mn, and Se in ARMD patients and age-matched controls and to find out if any homeostatic alterations of these minerals occur in ARMD patients when compared to controls.

Study Design:

An observational study (pilot study).

Methodology:

50 ARMD patients and 60 age matched controls included in the study were subjected to a detailed ocular examination . Fundus photography and Ocular Coherence Tomography were done in all ARMD patients. 5 ml of blood sample was collected from all cases and controls and sent for the estimation of serum levels of Zn, Mn, and Se. The results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis.

Results:

There was no statistically significant difference in the mean serum levels of Zn and Se between cases and controls. However, serum Mn showed a higher level in controls when compared to cases, and the difference was statistically significant.

Conclusion:

The present study showed a causal relationship between serum Mn level and ARMD.
Effect of diet low in advanced glycation end products on appetite, body composition, and brown adipose tissue markers in patients with coronary artery disease treated with angioplasty: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Taheri Fatemeh , Vasheghani-Farahani Ali , Honarkar-Shafie Elaheh , Poorhosseini Hamidreza , Yaseri Mehdi , Hosseinzadeh-Attar Mohammad Javad
Published: May 2024

Background:

Recent changes in dietary habits have resulted in increased intake of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which are known to have a predominant contribution to the pathogenesis and complications of coronary artery disease (CAD). AGEs are also thought to induce weight gain by affecting appetite, energy expenditure, and brown adipose tissue (BAT). Here, we investigated whether the restriction of dietary AGEs could affect appetite, body composition, anthropometric indices, and BAT-derived markers in CAD patients treated with angioplasty.

Materials and Methods:

Forty-two stented CAD patients were randomly allocated into two groups that received either a low-AGEs or a control diet for 12 weeks. At baseline and postintervention, fasting blood samples were analyzed for total AGEs, nesfatin-1, and BAT-derived markers (fibroblast growth factor 21 and neuregulin 4). Subjective appetite ratings and body composition were evaluated using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and bioelectric impedance analysis. Anthropometric indices, including fat mass index (FMI), abdominal volume index (AVI), and body adiposity index (BAI), were calculated through the relevant formula.

Results:

Restricting dietary AGEs for 12 weeks could cause a significant reduction in weight, FMI, AVI, and BAI (P < 0.05) compared to the comparison group. In addition, VAS data analyses indicated a significant decrease in the sense of hunger and prospective food intake (P < 0.05) in the intervention group compared to the comparison group. No significant difference was seen in the measured biochemical markers between the two groups.

Conclusion:

This study indicated that the low-AGEs diet could decrease appetite, weight, and anthropometric indices in stented CAD patients.
Effects of probiotic supplementation on semen parameters after varicocelectomy: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Asadi Mousa , Gholipour Farshad , Rahavian Amirhossein , Javanbakht Mohammad
Published: May 2024

Background:

The use of probiotics in the treatment of infertility is a new area of research. In this study, our objective was to examine the efficacy of probiotic supplementation on semen parameters following varicocelectomy.

Materials and Methods:

We included infertile men in our study who were the candidates for subinguinal microscopic varicocelectomy. After the surgical procedure, the patients were randomly assigned into two groups: 38 individuals received probiotic supplementation (FamiLact®), while 40 individuals received a placebo for 3 months. We compared the preoperative semen parameters with the postoperative parameters to evaluate the effects of probiotic supplementation.

Results:

A total of 78 patients were included in the study. The two groups were similar in terms of age, body mass index, infertility period, and semen parameters at baseline (P > 0.05). A statistically significant difference was found in sperm concentration (33.7 ± 22.5 vs. 21.1 ± 16.1 × 106/mL, P = 0.046), and the percentage of sperms with normal morphology (15.0 ± 8.9 vs. 12.0 ± 11.5, P = 0.016) at 3 months favoring the probiotic group. Although the probiotic group exhibited higher values for semen volume and sperm motility at 3 months, the differences were not statistically significant (P = 0.897 and P = 0.177, respectively).

Conclusion:

Our study demonstrates that the short-term use of probiotics after varicocelectomy can provide additional benefits in improving semen parameters. Probiotic supplements are cost-effective and well tolerated, making them a suitable option for enhancing the outcomes of varicocelectomy.
A Review on the Experimental Role of Platelet-Rich Plasma as a Biological Stimulator for Cartilage Regeneration
Authors: Chhatbar Kuldeep Kishorkumar
Published: May 2024

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a highly enriched combination of growth factors and pro-inflammatory cytokines which has shown success in cartilage healing. Furthermore, the fibrinogen in PRP may be triggered to produce a fibrin matrix to fill articular defects, so satisfying the basic needs of biological wound repair. The proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and scaffolding properties of PRP are discussed in this article obtained from laboratory experiments, observational studies, and clinical testing. PRP has been seen in culture to boost cell growth and calcareous matrix formation by osteocytes and mature mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), promote matrix release by synoviocytes, reduce interleukin-1-induced inflammatory, and offer a favorable platform for MSCs. PRP has been utilized in preclinical trials as a hydrogel to fill cartilage deficiencies with varying results, or to stop the course of disease in animal models with beneficial results. Existing medical study findings indicate that PRP may have the capacity to fill tissue defects to promote cartilage regeneration, alleviate arthritis symptoms, and boost joint mobility while maintaining a reasonable safety profile. Despite the fact that current data indicates to prefer PRP above hyaluronan for the management of pain, the effectiveness of PRP therapies is undetermined due to the very diverse character of published research and the varying content of PRP formulations. Future research will be needed to identify the functional group actions of specific PRP components in modifying certain disease pathways.
Use of Platelet-Rich Fibrin in Hypospadias Surgery
Authors: Nerli Rajendra B. , Rangrez S. , Saniya C.
Published: May 2024

Hypospadias is a common congenital anomaly. Treatment for hypospadias is surgical, but there is no technique that is recognized as the gold standard. The most common complication occurring after hypospadias repair is urethrocutaneous fistula with a reported incidence varying from 4% to 28%. The use of an intermediate layer between the neourethra and the skin is one of the most important techniques used to reduce the likelihood of fistula formation. Several coverage techniques have been described including local subcutaneous penile tissue, tunica vaginalis, dartos, and extragenital tissues. In addition to tissue flaps, fibrin sealants have been introduced to prevent fistula formation. Platelet-rich fibrin membrane is an autologous source of growth factors and has been used to prevent fistulous complications.
Orthograde Nonsurgical Endodontic Therapy of a Molar with Periapical Radiolucency by Employing the Rotary Files and Adjunctive Laser-Assisted Disinfection in a Claustrophobic Pediatric Patient: A Rare Case Report with Literature Review
Authors: Khan Mohammad Kamran , Jindal Mahendra Kumar
Published: May 2024

Nonsurgical endodontic management of the nonvital posterior tooth with large periapical radiolucency has been suggested as conservative approach in endodontics in existing literature. However, complete disinfection of the infected root canals has been a challenge in endodontic procedure. Recently, various types of lasers have emerged as the effective and successful way for achieving in-depth elimination of bacteria and also for healing of periapical lesions. However, there is a scarcity of published case report articles about laser-assisted endodontic therapy in combination with rotary files system for the noninvasive management of large periapical lesion associated with nonvital posterior teeth in claustrophobic child patients. Hence, the aim of this article is to present the pediatric case report about the successful nonsurgical orthograde endodontic treatment by employing diode laser of 810 nm wavelength for the disinfection of the infected root canals and resolution of periradicular radiolucency followed by functional rehabilitation of the treated tooth with preformed stainless steel crown within the shorter period.
In silico Method Potential Therapeutic Use of Janus Kinase Inhibitors as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Main Protease Inhibitors
Authors: Gharge Shankar , Hiremath Sushmita I. , Menasinakai Akshata S. , Palled Mahesh S.
Published: May 2024

Background:

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), it is an infectious respiratory disease caused by SARS corona virus 2 (SARS CoV-2). There are several reports of using JAK (Janus kinase)-inhibitors in persons with COVID-19 and the use of these decreased the use of invasive mechanical ventilation and increased survival. There are several ongoing and randomized controlled trials evaluating the therapeutic potential of Janus Kinase inhibitors (JAK i) in severe COVID-19. The structure, metabolic pathways and pathophysiology of COVID-19 associated diseases is important to identify possible drug targets. Hence in 2020, successful crystallized structure of the main protease (Mpro) from COVID-19 has been structured and repositioned in the Protein Data Bank (PDB), which is a potential target for the inhibition of CoV replication.

Aims and Objectives:

As there are no computational studies have been reported on computer based screening on Janus Kinase inhibitors to investigate its drug likeness properties and ADME profile along with some toxicity investigations. Hence an attempt has been made to study drug likeness properties and ADME profile of selected Janus Kinase inhibitors using computer applications and servers. Materials and Methods: The admetSAR and SwissADME servers are used for describing the molecular properties, which is important for a drug pharmacokinetics in the human body and molecular docking study to predict hypothetical binding affinity of protein is mainly done by PyRx 0.8 and visualizied by Biovia Discovery Studio 2021.

Results:

We have selected few Janus Kinase inhibitors (JAK i) as ligands such as Baricitinib, Upadacitinib, Oclacitinib, Tofacitinib, Ruxolitinib, Fedratinib, Peficitinib and Filgotinib and binding energy score of all inhibitors found to be -6.8, -6.8, -6.7, -5.7, -6.8, -7.7, -6.7 and -7.8 kcal/mol, respectively. Conclusion: The docking analysis in the present study showed the inhibition potential of several compounds, ranked by affinity Filgotinib > Fedratinib >Ruxolitinib, Upadacitinib, Baricitinib > Oclacitinib, Peficitinib > Tofacitinib which were the most recommended Janus Kinase inhibitor (JAKI) found as potential inhibitors of COVID-19 M pro, which should be explored in future research.
Assessment of Anxiety and Behavior Changes on Digital Education in Undergraduate Dental Students during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kothiwale Shaila V. , Padhye Vishakha Keshav
Published: May 2024

Context:

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, to avoid community spread of the disease, various academic institutions were closed to prevent infecting the students. Hence their relocation from the institution resulted in online academic learning. Reports indicated that the students undergoing online academic learning experienced distress in the form of anxiety, anger and insomnia.

Aims:

The aim of this study was to assess the changes in mental attitude, behavioral pattern, and anxiety level along with the impact of online education on academics so as to receive suggestions regarding digital education from undergraduate dental students.

Settings and Design:

An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted formulating online semi-structured, open-ended questionnaires, to obtain inputs regarding digital education using Google Forms and the snowball sampling method.

Subjects and Methods:

The data collection was initiated on August 6 at 4 PM IST and closed on August 13, 2020, at 4 PM IST. We received the response from 488 students from five dental institutions of Karnataka, Maharashtra, and Andhra Pradesh. Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel for obtaining an overall percentage of mental attitude, anxiety, behavior changes, and academics. IBM SPSS Statistics 20 software was used to evaluate correlation among all parameters with the analysis of variance test.

Results:

A statistically significant association was seen between digital education with anxiety (P = 0.015), behavior changes (P = 0.000), and academics (P = 0.000). Students contributed positive inputs to enhance the learning outcome in academics on the digital platform.

Conclusions:

Online academic sessions have eased the learning process to a certain extent, but this mode of education needs more refinement in the form of clinical demonstration videos, sharing of study material, well-planned and spaced definite timetable, and postsession evaluation. These suggestions were put forth by the students as feedback to make the experience entirely stress-free and aid their learning process.
A Review of Haptics in Dental Surgery
Authors: Ramachandra Jaya Agali , Siddaiah Shakuntala Bethur , Sinha Somya
Published: May 2024

Dentistry is a professional field, and patients receive dental care in a straightforward way owing to the use of tactile abilities. Haptics act of identifying things through touch. It is an innovation in both medical and dentistry procedures. The current revelations have proposed that haptic and virtual technologies might improve dentistry education outcomes, and scientific data have supported the use of virtual technology in dentistry. With the utilization of haptics, students can acquire skills without putting a strain on resources or labor by obtaining access to an unlimited number of training hours. This review offers a succinct overview of the haptics literature for educating dental students.
Exploring the Scope of Task-Based Learning in Undergraduate Medical Education
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh RamBihariLal , Shrivastava Prateek Saurabh
Published: May 2024

The field of medicine is extremely vast and dynamic and it becomes really challenging for the medical undergraduate students to master all the subject specific competencies within the available timeframe of the course. The current review is done with an aim to assess the utility of task-based learning in undergraduate medical education. An extensive search of all materials related to the topic was carried out in the PubMed search engine and a total of 13 studies similar to current study objectives were selected for the review. Task-based learning refers to a teaching-learning methodology that is being employed in the clinical years in a medical institution. This method has its root originating from problem-based learning and it also advocates integrated teaching by providing students with a multi-specialty clinical exposure, that eventually creates a number of learning opportunities and makes the entire experience enriching. The selected task should be the one that represents a frequent concern of the local community, and should have specific learning objectives for making progress in clinical medicine. In conclusion, task-based learning is a holistic and a transdisciplinary approach to help the medical students to develop clinical competencies. Further, owing to the integration of clinical and basic science subjects in authentic clinical settings, the students learn the art of providing a holistic clinical care, while being motivated and satisfied with the entire learning experience.
Prevalence of Depression among Pharmacy Students of Gujarat
Authors: Sajan Cyril , Patel Harsh , Patel Dullari , Patet Twinkal , Vadodariya Bhumi , Rajput Hemraj Singh
Published: May 2024

Background:

Depression is one of the most common mental disorders. There is evidence that depression is more common among college students. Diminished capacity to do regular chores and decreased quality of life are frequent complaints. The objectives of our study are to assess the depression in gender disparity and to assess the depression in the field of pharmacy on graduate and undergraduate students.

Materials and Methods:

In India, from the state of Gujarat, 7 institutes participated in the study. The updated Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale was implemented in this investigation. The sample size is 370 in total.

Results:

Among 370 students, 56.49% were male and 43.51% were female. The study has shown that students of pharmacy who lived at their relative’s place have experienced severe depression in a greater number (81.36%). Mild depression was commonly found in students who lived at home (35.32%). Students who were new to course, i.e., 1st-year students in a greater number have experienced severe depression (67.19%). A greater number of students from colleges of the east-central area suffered from severe depression (33.78%). Severe depression was found to be common in M. Pharm students among all students (70.83%).

Conclusion:

The study indicated that male students were more likely than female students to experience more depression. Students who were new to the course and students who were in master degree had a higher risk of severe depression.
Cyanocobalamin-Induced Anaphylactic Reaction
Authors: Sajan Cyril , Jacob Elizabeth
Published: May 2024

It is widely recognized that Vitamin B12, also known as cyanocobalamin, is a nutrient that keeps the body’s nerves and blood cells healthy and contributes in deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis. Megaloblastic anemia, a form of anemia that causes fatigue and weakness, can be prevented with Vitamin B12. The main objective of this case report was to draw attention to the rare hypersensitive reactions which can occur after injecting Vitamin B12 supplement therapy. The abovementioned reaction could be a result to an immunoglobulin E-mediated reaction or due to sensitization to the Vitamin B12 molecule itself. Here, we have reported the case of a 25-year-old female patient, a known case of pulmonary tuberculosis, who was hospitalized and on medication of fixed dose of directly observed treatment, short-course, nebulizer Combimist, tablet beclomethasone, and cyanocobalamin injection. We deduce that the anaphylactoid reaction to Vitamin B12 is a rare but serious side effect and that it should be vigilantly monitored while administering the drug to the patient, especially if the parenteral route is preferred.
Effect of Flutter Along with Conventional Chest Physiotherapy on Peak Expiratory Flow Rate among Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Patients
Authors: Kapadia Sabnam , Chokshi Tejas Rameshchandra , Patel Mansi
Published: May 2024

Background:

Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) is extensively used to treat patients with heart problems. As it is a major surgery involving the thoracic cavity, lung function may be compromised postoperatively. Pulmonary dysfunction following CABG is inevitable. Chest physiotherapy (CPT) is a treatment to prevent postoperative pulmonary complications. Flutter is a form of positive expiratory pressure device in combination with high-frequency oscillation; it gives independence to patients and is easy to use for airway clearance.

Aim:

To study the effect of flutter along with conventional CPT on peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) among CABG patients.

Methodology:

Twenty-seven CABG patients were selected through simple random sampling and assigned into two groups. Group 1 consisting of 13 patients was treated with conventional CPT, whereas Group 2 consisting of 14 patients was treated with flutter along conventional CPT. Pre- and post-physiotherapy PEFR was noted.

Results:

The data were analyzed using a paired and unpaired t-test, and there was significant improvement seen in Group 2 as compared to Group 1 (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Flutter device should be amalgamated as a routine practice along with other CPT techniques in CABG patients which can have positive results in airway clearance and thereby improving PEFR.
Newer Prospects of Regenerative Endodontics: A Comprehensive and Updated Review of Literature
Authors: Khan Mohammad Kamran , Jindal Mahendra Kumar
Published: May 2024

In pediatric dental patients, the management of nonvital immature teeth with undeveloped root in endodontic practice pose difficult and cumbersome clinical situations or challenges for the dental practitioners owing to the various factors, namely, the shorter root with thinner dentinal walls and the lack of apical closure make the affected tooth difficult to obturate conventionally and also make more vulnerable to root fracture. Conventionally, apexification and later apical barrier/plug endodontic modalities have been widely undertaken for such affected teeth. However, such treatment approaches have several intrinsic shortcomings such as uncertain long-term treated tooth prognosis. Since recent years, a biologically based therapeutic endodontic approach known as regenerative endodontic therapy has been or being extensively explored or studied to overcome the drawbacks of previous conventional treatment modalities and also to improve the long-term prognosis of the affected immature nonvital teeth in children and adolescents. Regenerative endodontics is a rapidly evolving subject and also a promising treatment modality for the scientific researchers and clinicians, respectively. Hence, the present article aims to comprehensively and critically appraise the recent literature pertaining to regenerative endodontic procedures. The relevant literature regarding the regenerative endodontics was searched in electronic databases. The articles were retrieved using Boolean operators with relevant keywords/Medical Subject Headings. The included relevant articles were critically appraised in the present review. The latest important aspects of regenerative endodontic have been described in a systematic manner for its better understanding and deeper insights for the general and pediatric dental professionals.
Gender Differences in the Timing of Identification among Children with Autism
Authors: Malhi Prahbhjot , Singhi Pratibha
Published: May 2024

Background and Objectives:

There is a paucity of research studies, especially from the low- and middle-income countries, on gender-specific clinical profiles of autism and whether this lack of information is a barrier for early diagnosis among females. The present paper examined the gender differences in the timing of identification of autism among children.

Methods:

The case records diagnosed children with autism spectrum disorder with no documented intellectual disability (IQ <70) were retrospectively analyzed. The demographic and clinical characteristics such as the presence of repetitive behaviors, deficits/delays in language, social-emotional reciprocity impairments, history of developmental regression, presence of hyperactivity, and self-injurious behaviors were extracted from the case files. Gender differences in the timing of identification, clinical characteristics, and sociodemographic variables were examined by utilizing the t-test.

Results:

A total of 309 case records (Mean = 5.04 years, standard deviation = 2.50) were retrieved. Girls, as compared to boys, were significantly less likely to show restricted and repetitive behaviors (χ² = 3.92, P = 0.048) and showed greater socio-emotional reciprocity despite a similar level of autism severity (χ² = 4.48, P = 0.034). No sex differences were found in hyperactivity, self-injurious behavior, history of developmental regression, and severity of autism (all P > 0.05). There was a significant difference in the timing of the identification of autism by gender and females were found to be identified at significantly older ages relative to males (t = 2.13, P = 0.034).

Conclusions:

There is an imperative need to develop more gender-sensitive diagnostic tools incorporating the sex-specific differences in clinical presentation to improve the assessment of autism in girls.
Perception of 2nd-Year Medical Undergraduates Regarding the Implementation of Competency-Based Medical Education in Pharmacology
Authors: Mahalmani Vidya M. , Hashilkar Nayana K. , Hogade Anil P , Basavaraj Netravathi Angadi
Published: May 2024

Objectives:

The purpose of the study was to understand the perception of 2nd-year medical undergraduates regarding the implementation of competency-based medical education (CBME) in pharmacology.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional study was undertaken by the department of pharmacology, in our institution. Out of 197 s year medical undergraduate students, 192 provided their valuable feedback. The questionnaire consisted of three types of questions: (1) multiple-choice questions, (2) rating on a 5-point Likert scale, and (3) open-ended questions. In the open-ended questions, the students were asked to share their views. Responses to the questions were recorded. Students’ “feedback responses” were scrutinized in terms of percentages. Conceptual content analysis was done for open-ended questions.

Results:

Students were satisfied with the implementation of CBME as well as the conduct of small group teaching, self-directed learning, integrated assessment, attitude, ethics, and communication skills, and pandemic modules. They emphasized more on game-based learning and other innovative teaching–learning methods that drove their interest to understand the subject better.

Conclusion:

Implementation of CBME has been found to be more effective than the traditional didactic approach.
Complex Ovarian Cysts in Infants: A Series of Nine Cases
Authors: Chakraborty Partha , Halder Pankaj Kumar , Mandal Ananya , Yadav Sunil Kumar , Ghosh Sarannya , Saha Anusua
Published: May 2024

Female infants frequently develop ovarian cysts (OCs), which vary in onset, development, and prognosis. When the placenta tissue secretes excessive human chorionic gonadotrophin for a variety of reasons, the fetus develops an OC. Because estrogen levels fall after childbirth, the majority of OCs may also naturally involute. Hence, treating infants with OCs may involve close observation. However, even in previously asymptomatic OCs, torsion, intracystic bleeding, or ovarian necrosis could manifest suddenly in the neonatal or infantile period. Here, we report nine such cases of OCs and share our experiences with diagnosis and treatment.
Comparison of the Effect of Conventional Nasal Packing and Merocel Packing following Deviated Septal Surgeries
Authors: John Ferrin Maria , Valli R. , Kiren T.
Published: May 2024

Context:

Nasal packs are necessary after nasal surgery for hemostasis and internal stabilization of bony and cartilaginous structures.

Aims:

The study was done to compare the outcomes of conventional nasal packing and Merocel packing in terms of the middle ear pressure, mucociliary clearance, patient comfort, and complication.

Settings and Design:

A prospective study was conducted among 40 patients in a tertiary care center for 18 months.

Subjects and Methods:

The patients between 18 and 50 years and who underwent septal surgery were included in the study. The patients with any history of ciliary dysfunction, who underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery with septoplasty, and any middle ear diseases were excluded from the study. The patients were divided into Group 1, which had conventional nasal pack and Group 2, which had Merocel postoperatively. All the patients were assessed with impedance audiometry and sacchrin test preoperatively and postoperatively at 1, 2 and 4 weeks and these were compared between the 2 groups. During pack removal, pain and bleeding and postoperative complications were also compared between the groups.

Statistical Analysis Used:

The difference between the two-group comparison student t-tests, the differences between the right and left sides of the same tests paired t-test. The association/difference between categorical variables Chi-square test was calculated at a 5% level of significance.

Results:

Group 1 and Group 2 had a mean age of 38.47 and 37.47, respectively. Gender predisposition in Group 2 is 1:1 and in Group 1 is 3:2. The middle ear pressure returns to normal by 2nd week in Group 2 compared to Group 1, which improved by 4th week (P < 0.05). The mucociliary clearance reverts to normal by 1st week in Group 2 and 4th week in Group 1 (P = 0.0001) was statistically significant. Group 2 had lesser pain scores assessed using visual analog scores (P = 0.0001) and less bleeding (P = 0.01), which was statistically significant. Group 2 has fewer postoperative complications.

Conclusions:

The conventional and Merocel packs were both effective packs. In terms of mucociliary clearance, the middle ear pressure Merocel packing was better, and conventional nasal packing had more incidence in terms of postoperative complications.
Transgender Health and Medical Education: The Existing Gaps and the Need for Curricular Reforms – A Systematic Review
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh RamBihariLal , Shrivastava Prateek Saurabh
Published: May 2024

Time and again it has been envisaged that health-care services imparted should be inclusive and should be equitably distributed regardless of any sociodemographic determinants. The purpose of the current review is to identify the problems encountered by transgender people and the role of medical education in preparing medical professionals who are competent enough to address their special needs. An extensive search of all materials related to the topic was carried out on the PubMed and Google Scholar search engines, and a total of 49 articles were selected based on their suitability with the current review objectives. Keywords used in the search include transgender and medical education in the title alone only. A number of studies and review articles have concluded that there is an urgent need to augment the knowledge, skills, and attitude of medical students to improve the clinical care of transgender people. Medical educators have to acknowledge the need and take concerted efforts to ensure the delivery of holistic, transgender-specific health-care education to all medical students. To conclude, transgender people have been subjected to a wide range of challenging circumstances that have significantly impacted their chances to avail of health care. One of the potential reasons for this is the lack of sensitization of medical doctors about transgender health in the current era. There is an immense need to bridge the existing gap, and it has to begin with bringing about curricular reforms and preparing the current crop of medical students about issues pertaining to transgender health during their training period.
Exploring the Role of YouTube in Supplementing Medical Education and Patient Care
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh RamBihariLal , Shrivastava Prateek Saurabh
Published: May 2024

Significant paradigm shifts and reforms have been reported in the field of medical education delivery worldwide depending on the changing health-care needs of the community and the demands of medical students. The purpose of the current review is to explore the role of YouTube in facilitating the delivery of medical education and improving clinical practice on the global platform. An extensive search of all materials related to the topic was carried out on the PubMed and Google Scholar search engines and a total of 49 articles were selected based on their suitability with the current review objectives and analyzed. Keywords used in the search include YouTube, social media, and medical education in the title alone only. Being a freely available platform that can be accessed by anyone, YouTube has emerged as a platform that can be looked upon as an option to combine different kinds of educational resources for the benefit of medical students. In addition, the introduction of YouTube as a learning resource material has played a significant role in improving confidence levels, better acquisition of knowledge, and improved levels of satisfaction among students. To conclude, social networking sites like YouTube have emerged as one of the popular tools of information and educational material for the benefit of medical students and health-care professionals. Realizing the potential of the platform, it is high time that specific steps are taken to integrate YouTube into the medical curriculum and help students and health-care professionals to acquire knowledge and clinical skills.