bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Venetoclax (Venclexta)
Authors: Team Reimbursement
Published: September 2021

CADTH recommends that Venclexta in combination with azacitidine should be reimbursed for the treatment of patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who are 75 years or older, or who have comorbidities that preclude use of intensive induction chemotherapy, only if certain conditions are met.

Venclexta plus azacitidine should only be reimbursed if prescribed by clinicians who have expertise in managing patients with AML and are familiar with the toxicity profile of this regimen, and if the costs of Venclexta and azacitidine are reduced.

Venclexta plus azacitidine should only be covered to treat adult patients who are considered ineligible for standard intensive induction chemotherapy and have not been treated with venetoclax or chemotherapy for myelodysplastic syndrome.
Upadacitinib (Rinvoq)
Authors: Team Reimbursement
Published: September 2021

CADTH recommends that Rinvoq should be reimbursed by public drug plans for the treatment of active psoriatic arthritis (PsA) if certain conditions are met.

Rinvoq should only be reimbursed if it is prescribed by a rheumatologist or a clinician who has experience treating adult patients with active PsA and if it does not cost more than other biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) or targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (tsDMARDs).

Rinvoq should only be covered to treat adult patients with active PsA who have had an inadequate response or intolerance to methotrexate or other disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in a similar way to other bDMARDs currently reimbursed by public drug plans.
Utilization Patterns of Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Rationale for Improving the Harmonization of Coverage Criteria
Authors: Tadrous Mina , Lončar Mirhad , Dyrda Peter
Published: September 2021

Utilization patterns of csDMARDs were highly comparable between drug plans overall (in decreasing order: methotrexate, hydroxychloroquine, sulfasalazine, leflunomide, and azathioprine). The proportion of csDMARDs were comparable (e.g., approximately 30% of csDMARD use for methotrexate), although differences in coverage criteria may have resulted in variances in the use of leflunomide. Differences in adjudication of coverage criteria may have resulted in a modest variance in the number of csDMARDs used prior to initiating bDMARDs (i.e., allowing for an “early escape” to bDMARDs for some jurisdictions such as Manitoba and the Atlantic provinces).

The mean time to initiate bDMARD therapy (range of 664 to 792 days) revealed a divergence between jurisdictions into 2 groupings whereby Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and the Atlantic provinces drug plans (mean time of 664 to 681 days) saw the initiation of bDMARDs approximately 4 months faster versus other jurisdictions (British Columbia, Alberta, and Ontario, with a mean time of 748 to 792 days), possibly due to their coverage criteria not requiring 3 lines of csDMARDs therapy. Despite differences in the time to initiate bDMARDs, there was no notable difference in the persistence of bDMARDs 6 months after the initiation for any drug plan (61% to 76% range for patients 67 years of age and older).

Utilization patterns of bDMARDs was highly comparable between drug plans (i.e., highest use with adalimumab, etanercept, and infliximab), although British Columbia and Manitoba were the only jurisdictions that saw decreasing costs per patient of bDMARDs over time, likely due to a higher uptake of biosimilars or other managed formulary strategies such as tiering.
Risdiplam (Evrysdi)
Authors: Reimbursement Team
Published: September 2021

CADTH recommends that Evrysdi should be reimbursed by public drug plans for the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) in patients aged 2 months and older, if certain conditions are met.

Evrysdi should only be reimbursed if the patient is under the care of a specialist with experience in the diagnosis and management of SMA, it is not used in combination with nusinersen or onasemnogene abeparvovec, and the price is reduced.

Evrysdi should only be reimbursed to treat patients aged 2 months to 7 months with genetic documentation of 2 or 3 copies of the survival motor neuron 2 (SMN2) gene or non-ambulatory patients aged 8 months to 25 years with genetic documentation of 2 or 3 copies of the SMN2 gene. Patients are ineligible if they currently require permanent invasive ventilation. After 12 months of treatment, patients should be assessed to ensure clinical benefit.
Hip Protectors for Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Farrell Keeley , Walter Melissa
Published: September 2021

In community-dwelling older adults who wore hip protectors there was no difference in the risk of hip fractures or pelvic fractures, compared to those who did not wear hip protectors.

Three guidelines were identified that include recommendations around the use of hip protectors in older adults. One guideline suggests that hip protectors should be considered in adults at risk for falls and hip fracture. One guideline conditionally recommends hip protectors for frail older adults in the appropriate environment. One guideline suggests that hip protectors should not be considered in older adults in community settings.
Durvalumab (Imfinzi)
Authors: Reimbursement Team
Published: September 2021

CADTH reimbursement reviews are comprehensive assessments of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, as well as patient and clinician perspectives, of a drug or drug class.

The assessments inform non-binding recommendations that help guide the reimbursement decisions of Canada's federal, provincial, and territorial governments, with the exception of Quebec.

This review assesses Durvalumab (Imfinzi) concentrate for solution for infusion, 50 mg/mL, IV.

Indication: First-line treatment of adult patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer, in combination with etoposide and either carboplatin or cisplatin
PENERAPAN STRATEGI PENINJAUAN KEMBALI DENGAN PENCOCOKAN KARTU INDEKS DALAM MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA
Authors: SUTISNA DEDE
Published: September 2021

Penerapan Strategi Peninjauan Kembali dengan Pencocokan Kartu Indeks diterapakan pada Siswa Kelas IX.2 SMPN 2 Jakarta dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika. Hipotesis tindakan yang dirumuskan adalah “Melalui strategi peninjauan kembali dengan pencocokan kartu indeks, akan meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika pada siswa kelas IX.2 SMP Negeri 2 Jakarta”. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam dua siklus terhadap 33 orang siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi oleh guru dan kolaborator, dan analisis data dilakukan secara deskripsi dengan teknik persentase. Tingkat aktifitas (h) dalam proses pembelajaran, dengan katagori tinggi (jika h ? 80%) , sedang (jika 60 ? h < 80), dan rendah (jika h < 60). Sedangkan tingkat keberhasilan strategi peninjauan kembali dengan pencocokan kartu indeks, dengan katagori berhasil (  ? 73,00 dan KTB  ? 70 %), kurang berhasil (  < 73,00 dan KTB  ? 70 % atau  ? 73,00 dan KTB < 70 %), dan tidak berhasil (  < 73,00 dan KTB < 70 %). Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa penerapan strategi peninjauan kembali dengan pencocokan kartu indeks berhasil meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika pada siswa kelas IX.2 SMPN 2 Jakarta. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan rata-rata hasil belajar siswa kelas IX.2 sebelum PTK, pada siklus I dan siklus II berturut-turut adalah 58,97%, 75,64% dan 79,19%. Sedangkan  ketuntasan belajar sebelum PTK, pada siklus I dan siklus II berturut-turut adalah 23,51%, 63,64% dan 75,00%. Untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika siswa dalam pembelajaran matematika, khususnya pada materi barisan bilangan guru dapat menggunakan strategi peninjauan kembali dengan pencocokan kartu indeks.
UPAYA PENINGKATAN MINAT DAN HASIL BELAJAR FISIKA SISWA KELAS XII.IPA.3 SMAN 3 MUARO JAMBI MELALUI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN ANIMASI 3 DIMENSI TAHUN PELAJARAN 2018/2019
Authors: LIZA SYAEMAR
Published: September 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan minat dan hasil belajar fisika menggunakan media pembelajaran animasi 3 dimensi untuk siswa kelas XII.IPA.3 SMA Negeri 3 Muaro Jambi Provinsi Jambi semester genap tahun pelajaran 2018/2019. Keberhasilan penelitian ditentukan bahwa apabila minat siswa terhadap pelajaran fisika secara klasikal sangat tinggi, dan ketuntasan hasil belajar fisika secara klasikal mencapai sekurang-kurangnya 85 % dari seluruh siswa. Penelitian ini dilakukan sesuai dengan tahapan penelitian tindakan kelas, subyek penelitian 35 siswa yang terdiri atas 15 siswa laki-laki dan 20 siswa perempuan. Teknik pengambilan data yaitu angket minat belajar fisika dan tes hasil belajar, dengan analisis prensentase. Hasil penelitian diperoleh yaitu minat belajar fisika pra siklus 65% kategori cukup tinggi, siklus I 79% kategori tinggi, dan siklus II 81% kategori sangat tinggi. Sedangkan hasil belajar diperoleh ketuntasan klasikal pra siklus 11%, siklus I 20%, dan siklus II 89%. Berdasarkan hasil ini baik minat maupun hasil belajar mengalami peningkatan bahkan mencapai indikator keberhasilan.
Sensitivity study of the REMO regional climate model to domain size
Authors: Suga Réka , Megyeri-Korotaj Otília A. , Allaga-Zsebeházi Gabriella
Published: September 2021

Abstract. In the framework of the KlimAdat national project, the Hungarian Meteorological Service (OMSZ) is aiming to perform 10 km horizontal resolution simulations with the 2015 version of the REMO regional climate model over Central and Eastern Europe. The long-term simulations were preceded by a 10-year long sensitivity study on domain size, which is summarised in this paper. We selected three different domains embedded in each other, which contain the whole area of the Danube and Tisza river catchments. Lateral boundary conditions were obtained from the 50 km resolution REMO driven by the MPI-ESM-LR global climate model. Simulations were performed for the period of 1970–1980 including 1-year spin-up. Monthly and seasonal means of daily 2 m temperature, precipitation sum and several precipitation indices were evaluated. Reference datasets were E-OBS 19.0 and CarpatClim-HU. We can conclude, that the selection of domain size has a larger impact on the simulation of precipitation, and in the case of the seasonal mean of the precipitation indices, the differences amongst the results obtained on each model domain exceed 10 %. In general, the smallest biases occurred on the largest domain, therefore further long-term simulations are being produced on this domain.
Assimilation of passive microwave vegetation optical depth in LDAS-Monde: a case study over the continental US
Authors: Mucia Anthony , Bonan Bertrand , Albergel Clément , Zheng Yongjun , Calvet Jean-Christophe
Published: September 2021

Abstract. The land data assimilation system, LDAS-Monde, developed by the Research Department of the French Meteorological service (Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques – CNRM) is capable of well representing Land Surface Variables (LSVs) from regional to global scales. It jointly assimilates satellite-derived observations of leaf area index (LAI) and surface soil moisture (SSM) into the Interactions between Soil Biosphere and Atmosphere (ISBA) land surface model (LSM), increasing the accuracy of the model simulations and forecasts of the LSVs. The assimilation of vegetation variables directly impacts RZSM through seven control variables consisting in soil moisture of seven soil layers from the soil surface to 1 m depth. This capability is particularly useful in dry conditions, where SSM and RZSM are decoupled to a large extent. However, this positive impact does not reach its full potential due to the low temporal availability of optical-based LAI observations, at best, every ten days, and can suffer from months of no data over regions and seasons with heavy cloud cover such as winter or monsoon conditions. In that context, this study investigates the assimilation of low frequency passive microwave vegetation optical depth (VOD), available in almost all weather conditions, as a proxy of LAI. The Vegetation Optical Depth Climate Archive (VODCA) dataset provides near-daily observations of vegetation conditions, far more frequently than optical based product such as LAI. This study's goal is to convert the more frequent X-band VOD observations into proxy-LAI observations through linear re-scaling and to assimilate them in place of direct LAI observations. Seven assimilation experiments were run from 2003 to 2018 over the contiguous United States (CONUS), with 1) no assimilation, the assimilation of 2) SSM, 3) LAI, 4) re-scaled VODX, 5) re-scaled VODX only when LAI observations available, 6) LAI + SSM, and 7) re-scaled VODX + SSM. This study analyzes these assimilation experiments by comparing to satellite derived observations and in situ measurements and is focused on the variables of LAI, SSM, gross primary production (GPP), and evapotranspiration (ET). Each experiment is driven by atmospheric forcing reanalysis from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA5. Results showed improved representation of GPP and ET by assimilating re-scaled VOD in place of LAI. Additionally, the joint assimilation of vegetation related variables (i.e. LAI or re-scaled VOD) and SSM demonstrates a small improvement in the representation of soil moisture over the assimilation of any dataset by itself.
Parsimonious statistical learning models for low flow estimation
Authors: Laimighofer Johannes , Melcher Michael , Laaha Gregor
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Statistical learning methods offer a promising approach for low flow regionalization. We examine seven statistical learning models (lasso, linear and non-linear model based boosting, sparse partial least squares, principal component regression, random forest, and support vector machine regression) for the prediction of winter and summer low flow based on a hydrological diverse dataset of 260 catchments in Austria. In order to produce sparse models we adapt the recursive feature elimination for variable preselection and propose to use three different variable ranking methods (conditional forest, lasso and linear model based boosting) for each of the prediction models. Results are evaluated for the low flow characteristic Q95 (Pr(Q>Q95) = 0.95) standardized by catchment area using a repeated nested cross validation scheme. We found a generally high prediction accuracy for winter (R2CV of 0.66 to 0.7) and summer (R2CV of 0.83 to 0.86). The models perform similar or slightly better than a Top-kriging model that constitutes the current benchmark for the study area. The best performing models are support vector machine regression (winter) and non-linear model based boosting (summer), but linear models exhibit similar prediction accuracy. The use of variable preselection can significantly reduce the complexity of all models with only a small loss of performance. The so obtained learning models are more parsimonious, thus easier to interpret and more robust when predicting at ungauged sites. A direct comparison of linear and non-linear models reveals that non-linear relationships can be sufficiently captured by linear learning models, so there is no need to use more complex models or to add non-liner effects. When performing low flow regionalization in a seasonal climate, the temporal stratification into summer and winter low flows was shown to increase the predictive performance of all learning models, offering an alternative to catchment grouping that is recommended otherwise.
Impact of large wildfires on PM10 levels and human mortality in Portugal
Authors: Tarín-Carrasco Patricia , Augusto Sofia , Palacios-Peña Laura , Ratola Nuno , Jiménez-Guerrero Pedro
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Uncontrolled wildfires have a substantial impact on the environment, the economy and local populations. According to the European Forest Fire
Information System (EFFIS), between 2000 and 2013 wildfires burned up to 740 000 ha of land annually in the south of Europe, Portugal
being the country with the highest percentage of burned area per square kilometre. However, there is still a lack of knowledge regarding the impacts of the
wildfire-related pollutants on the mortality of the country's population. All wildfires occurring during the fire season
(June–July–August–September) from 2001 and 2016 were identified, and those with a burned area above 1000 ha (large fires) were considered
for the study. During the studied period (2001–2016), more than 2 million ha of forest (929 766 ha from June to September alone)
were burned in mainland Portugal. Although large fires only represent less than 1 % of the number of total fires, in terms of burned area their
contribution is 46 % (53 % from June to September). To assess the spatial impact of the wildfires, burned areas in each region of
Portugal were correlated with PM10 concentrations measured at nearby background air quality monitoring stations. Associations between
PM10 and all-cause (excluding injuries, poisoning and external causes) and cause-specific mortality (circulatory and respiratory) were
studied for the affected populations using Poisson regression models. A significant positive correlation between burned area and PM10 was
found in some regions of Portugal, as well as a significant association between PM10 concentrations and mortality, these being apparently
related to large wildfires in some of the regions. The north, centre and inland of Portugal are the most affected areas. The high temperatures and
long episodes of drought expected in the future will increase the probabilities of extreme events and therefore the occurrence of wildfires.
Abordagem familiar para a doação de órgãos: percepção dos enfermeiros
Authors: Costa Antonielle Moreira , Marcondes Camila , Pessôa Janaína , Couto Rosita Maria Do
Published: September 2021

RESUMOObjetivos: identificar a percepção de enfermeiros sobre a abordagem familiar para a doação de órgãos. Método: trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, explicativo e exploratório, com seis enfermeiros de duas instituições de saúde realizado por meio de entrevista aberta e discutida pela Análise de Conteúdo. Resultados: demonstrou-se que a falta de conhecimento relacionada ao processo de doação de órgãos, principalmente sobre a morte encefálica, é a maior dificuldade encontrada pela equipe de Enfermagem. Conclusão: conclui-se que o enfermeiro atuante na abordagem familiar deve aperfeiçoar-se constantemente, bem como as instituições de saúde devem investir em educação continuada e permanente para todos os colaboradores, além de investimentos financeiros para a maior divulgação sobre a temática. Descritores: Abordagem Familiar; Doação de Órgãos; Enfermagem; Família; Seres Humanos; Transplantes.ABSTRACT Objectives: to identify the nurses' perception about the family approach to organ donation. Method: this is a qualitative, explanatory and exploratory study with six nurses from two health institutions conducted through an open interview and discussed by Content Analysis. Results: it was demonstrated that the lack of knowledge related to the process of organ donation, mainly on brain death, is the greatest difficulty found by the Nursing team. Conclusion: it is concluded that the nurses working in the family approach must constantly improve, as well as health institutions should invest in continuous and permanent education for all employees, as well as financial investments for greater dissemination on the subject. Descriptors: Family Approach; Organ donation; Nursing; Family; Human beings; Transplants.RESUMEN Objetivos:  identificar la percepción de enfermeros sobre el enfoque familiar para la donación de órganos. Método: se trata de un estudio cualitativo, explicativo y exploratorio, con seis enfermeros de dos instituciones de salud realizado por medio de una entrevista abierta y discutida por el Análisis de Contenido. Resultados: se demostró que la falta de conocimiento relacionada con el proceso de donación de órganos, principalmente sobre la muerte encefálica, es la mayor dificultad encontrada por el equipo de Enfermería. Conclusión: se concluye que el enfermero actuante en el enfoque familiar debe perfeccionarse constantemente, así como las instituciones de salud deben invertir en educación continua y permanente para todos los colaboradores, además de inversiones financieras para la mayor divulgación sobre la temática. Descriptores: Enfoque familiar; Donación de Órganos; Enfermería; Familia; Seres Humanos; Trasplants.
QUALIDADE DE VIDA DE PESSOAS COM HIPERTENSÃO ARTERIAL
Authors: Laqui Victória Dos Santos , Trevisan Fernanda Gatez , Sanches Rafaely De Cássia Nogueira , Rêgo Anderson Da Silva , Paiano Marcelle , Radovanovic Cremilde Aparecida Trindade
Published: September 2021

ResumoObjetivo: avaliar a qualidade de vida de pessoas com hipertensão arterial e relaciona-la ao sexo e ao valor pressórico. Materiais e Método: estudo transversal, realizado com 191 pessoas em tratamento da hipertensão arterial, acompanhadas pela Estratégia Saúde da Família do município de Maringá, Paraná, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados no primeiro semestre de 2017, utilizando o instrumento MINICHAL – Brasil, e o Medical Outcomes Study 36 – Item Short – Form Health Survey e aplicado questionário para conhecimento do perfil sociodemográfico, econômico e estilo de vida. Foi realizada análise descritiva e inferencial para tratamento das variáveis. Resultados: a maioria dos entrevistados era idosa, com baixa escolaridade, casada e pertencia a classe econômica extrato AB. Quanto à avaliação da qualidade de vida, os entrevistados do sexo masculino apresentaram melhor avaliação em todas as dimensões analisadas em comparação com a população feminina. A maioria dos sujeitos com adequação no controle pressórico apresentou boa qualidade de vida, sendo que o estado mental, manifestações somáticas, estado de saúde geral, capacidade funcional e desempenho físico tiveram diferenças significativas. Conclusão: com o uso dos instrumentos citados foi possível observar que a maioria dos entrevistados apresentou boa qualidade de vida, de acordo com o sexo e o valor pressórico.
Health care for people in oncological treatment
Authors: Pereira Sandra Cristina Fernandes , Queiroz Joseneide Santos
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: analisar a legislação em vigor e compará-la com a realidade relatada pelos usuários da saúde, que realizam tratamento oncológico em uma unidade de saúde. Método: trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, descritivo, exploratório, com dez pessoas com doença oncológica, internadas numa unidade hospitalar. Utilizaram-se, como ferramentas de coleta de dados, a entrevista semiestruturada, o diário de campo e a análise documental. Ordenaram-se os dados, seguindo a técnica de Análise de conteúdo na modalidade Análise de categorias. Resultados: elencaram-se as seguintes categorias de análise: diagnóstico precoce; modalidade cartão SUS e rede pública X rede privada na saúde. Conclusão: alerta-se que existem expressivas lacunas no que diz respeito à assistência à saúde no SUS, especificamente quanto ao diagnóstico inicial da doença e ao acesso ao tratamento. Descritores: Saúde Pública; Oncologia; Rede de Atenção à Saúde; Acesso aos Serviços de Saúde; Assistência à Saúde; Regionalização.AbstractObjective: to analyze the legislation in force and compare it with the reality reported by health users, who perform cancer treatment in a health unit. Method: this is a qualitative, descriptive, exploratory study with ten people with cancer disease, admitted to a hospital unit. The data collection tools used were semi-structured interviews, field diaries and document analysis. The data was ordered, following the technique of Content Analysis in the category Analysis mode. Results: the following categories of analysis were listed: early diagnosis; UHS card modality and public network X private network in health. Conclusion: it is warned that there are significant gaps regarding health care in UHS, specifically regarding the initial diagnosis of the disease and access to treatment. Descriptors: Public Health; Oncology; Health Care Network; Health Services Accessibility; Regional Health Planning.ResumenObjetivo: analizar la legislación vigente y compararla con la realidad reportada por los usuarios de la salud, que realizan tratamiento del cáncer en una unidad de salud. Método: se trata de un estudio cualitativo, descriptivo, exploratorio con diez personas con enfermedad de cáncer, ingresadas en una unidad hospitalaria. Las herramientas de recolección de datos utilizadas fueron entrevistas semiestructuradas, diarios de campo y análisis de documentos. Los datos se ordenaron siguiendo la técnica de Análisis de contenido en la categoría Modo de análisis. Resultados: se enumeraron las siguientes categorías de análisis: diagnóstico temprano; Modalidad de tarjeta SUS y red pública X red privada en la salud. Conclusión: se advierte que existen lagunas significativas con respecto a la atención médica en el SUS, específicamente con respecto al diagnóstico inicial de la enfermedad y el acceso al tratamiento. Descriptores: Salud Pública; Oncología; Red de Atención a la Salud; Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud; Prestación de Atención de Salud; Regionalización.
TOWARDS OPERATIONALIZING WHITE MALE ACCOUNTABILITY IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE DEVELOPMENT INTERROGATING IMPACTS OF AND SOLUTIONS TO OVERREPRESENTATION UTILIZING RELATIONAL ETHICS FRAMEWORKS
Authors: Doyle Dylan Thomas
Published: September 2021

Numerical metrics demonstrate that white men are demographically
overrepresented in Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology development, research, and media
coverage. This overrepresentation creates immediate and downstream harms that corporations
and technologists in industry and the academy alike must contend with to ensure the creation
of AI technologies, AI development organizations, and AI research institutions that are
ethical, fair, accountable, transparent, and beneficial to all people. After defining the
problem of overrepresentation and exploring why this problem is vital to address, this paper
will posit a two-pronged theoretical solution to be implemented: (1) increasing white male
accountability in AI technology spaces and (2) moving away from an underlying utilitarian or
deontological ethical foundation and towards a relational ethical foundation. Using that
theoretical analysis the paper will then present a model for taking this two-pronged
theoretical solution from theory into practice by providing specific recommendations for
operationalizing the proposed framework at the levels of AI technology
development.
MASK NARRATIVES PROMOTED BY ANTI-VACCINATION ACCOUNTS ON INSTAGRAM PRIOR
TO THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Koltai Kolina , Grohmann Iva , Johnson Devin T. , Rondini Samantha , Foley Ella R.
Published: September 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has sparked passionate debate worldwide on
matters of public health. A portion of this debate has been dedicated to the efficacy of
masks to prevent the spread of COVID-19. While the majority of health officials agree that
wearing a mask is efficacious, there has been a widespread movement against masks. The
“anti-mask” movement is often characterized for spreading misinformation about masks and for
its overlap with the anti-vaccine movement. This paper focuses on the mask sentiments of the
anti-vaccination community prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. The goal of this paper is to
identify if the anti-vaccination movement held prior beliefs about masks to prevent the
spread of respiratory diseases and if those beliefs differ from their mask sentiment today.
Through thematic analysis of 44 Instagram posts prior to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic,
we find that online vaccine safety communities have, in the past, regarded mask-wearing as a
viable alternative to vaccines. Notably, posts supported the efficacy of mask-wearing while
criticizing the mandates to wear masks in healthcare settings. In this paper, we elaborate
on these mask narratives, as well as their implications in how the anti-vaccination group
had a dramatic shift in mask sentiment during the pandemic.
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE APPLICATION OF PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGE AND COMPETENCIES OF GRADUATES OF FOREIGN UNIVERSITIES IN KAZAKHSTAN IN THE CONTEXT OF INTELLECTUAL MIGRATION
Authors: BOKAYEV Baurzhan , KAIMOLDIYEV Azat
Published: September 2021

Since 2013, there has been an outflow of qualified specialists in Kazakhstan, which as a result affects the intellectual potential of the country.
Based on the results of a survey of 1111 Kazakhstanis who completed their studies abroad, and an in-depth interview among 30 graduates of foreign universities, the main motives for studying abroad, factors preventing the use of intellectual potential in Kazakhstan, as well as the reasons that prompted them to stay abroad or return to Kazakhstan were analyzed.
The results of the study show that the use of the intellectual potential of graduates is influenced by: a high degree of bureaucracy in the country (34,5%), low wages (28,3%), lack of necessary conditions for effective work (26,8%). Only 21,3% of the survey participants fully apply the acquired knowledge and skills. At the same time, 60,5% of the survey participants are ready to move to another country for permanent residence.
FEATURES OF BUILDING FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY PREDICTIVE MODELS WITHIN THE INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION OF THE EAEU COUNTRIES
Authors: KISLYAKOV Alexey
Published: September 2021

The article substantiates the need to adjust approaches to forecasting regional foreign trade indicators using big data analysis methods and machine learning methods. There are a large number of features of forecasting international trade, which are shown in this study. The purpose of the work is to study the features and develop a concept for constructing predictive models of indicators of foreign economic activity and ensuring an increase in the efficiency of managing the country's foreign economic activity. The article considers the need to use the economic complexity index, the product complexity index and the indicator of the identified comparative advantages as complex indicators describing endogenous and exogenous factors for building models. The proposed methodology makes it possible to increase the efficiency of managing international activities and ensure the sustainable economic development of the region.
THE TRENDS AND THE REASONS BEHIND SUBSTANTIALLY REDUCED INEQUALITY: THE CASE OF BRAZIL
Authors: MYRZHYKBAYEVA Ainur , RAIKHANOVA Gulnur , BAIBOSSYNOV Serikzhan , ZHANSEITOV Azamat , TUKEYEV Argyn
Published: September 2021

This article combines individual data from household surveys in the Latin American countries to obtain a regional income and analyse its distribution and recent changes. It concentrates upon whether distributive changes in the countries over the past decade have improved income distribution between individuals or widened gaps. The region’s indicators of global inequality declined considerably during 1997-2014. This decline in global inequality is explained essentially by the reduction of inequality within Latin American countries, especially in Brazil. The incomes of the inhabitants of Latin America are now more equal in relative terms than a decade ago, although differences in the countries’ average incomes have increased.
The Comparison of Leptin, Proinflammatory Cytokines Levels and the Disease Activity Index Before and After Anti-TNF Treatment in Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Yüksel Aydıner Tuba , Kırnap Mehmet
Published: September 2021

Aim: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is the major member of the spondyloarthropathies (SpAs), a group of diseases that mainly affect the spine in association with the inflammation of enthuses. Leptin is mainly synthesized by adipose tissue and shows several biological activities such as energy expenditure, nutrition, immunity, and metabolism. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- α) is a potential modulator of adipocytokines. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of anti-TNF medicine such as infliximab and etanercept on leptin plasma levels in patients with AS.Methods: Seventy patients with ankylosing spondylitis were included in the study. Fourteen patients received infliximab IV at a dose of 3mg/kg at weeks 0, 2, 6 and thereafter every 8 weeks. Sixteen patients received 25 mg etanercept subcutaneously twice weekly. Forty AS patients were included in the control group. Their body mass index (BMI) and acute phase reactants such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) and serum cytokine profiles, including TNF-α, interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were assessed. Serum levels of leptin and cytokines were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods, before and after 3-months treatment with infliximab or etanercept.Results: When compared to inactive AS patients, the leptin levels were significantly higher in active AS patients (p0.05). Serum TNF-α levels were increased after treatment with infliximab. Serum leptin levels were also increased after infliximab treatment (p
TO THE DYNAMICS OF THE NEED FOR STUDENTS' COMMUNICATION ACTIVITY COMPONENT AT THE PHARMACEUTICAL FACULTY OF VSMU
Authors:   Vitebsk State Order of Peoples' Friendship Medical University, Tserkovskiy A. L. , Gapova O. I. ,   Vitebsk State Order of Peoples' Friendship Medical University, Skorikova E. A. ,   Vitebsk State Order of Peoples' Friendship Medical University, Petrovich S. A. ,   Vitebsk State Order of Peoples' Friendship Medical University, Kasyan O. A. ,   Vitebsk State Order of Peoples' Friendship Medical University, Muzhichenko V. A. ,   Vitebsk State Order of Peoples' Friendship Medical University
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this research is to study the need for the students' communication activity component at the Pharmaceutical faculty of VSMU. Dual feature of the levels indicators dynamics in the need for communication is revealed. On the one hand, there is a tendency to reduce the average level in the need for communication and to increase its high level at the expense of girls. On the other hand, there is a fairly significant increase in the average level in the need for communication among young men against the background of an obvious predominance of the average level in the need for communication among the students of the entire sampling. The study allows us to state obvious influence of the informational educational environment at VSMU on the personal growth of students at the Pharmaceutical faculty, on the formation of their communicative competence as the most important component of the professional competence of future pharmacists. The results of the study can be used in the educational process of VSMU, in the activities of the social and pedagogical and psychological service, in the work of educators in academic groups and for tutors.
ANALYSIS OF FACTORS INFLUENCING THE NUMBER OF CALLS FOR EMERGENCY TEAMS TO PHARMACIES OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS
Authors:   Vitebsk State Order of Peoples' Friendship Medical University, Kuhach V. V. , Shabunin E. S. ,   Vitebsk State Order of Peoples' Friendship Medical University
Published: September 2021

The article is devoted to the study of factors influencing the number of calls for emergency teams (Emergency Teams - hereinafter ETs) to pharmacies in Minsk and regional centers of the Republic of Belarus. The data about the number of calls to ETs are provided by the city or regional emergency medical settings (hereinafter referred as EMS). A retrospective analysis of ETs calls to pharmacies was carried out during 01.01.2013-31.12.2018. The study covered 2,214 ETs calls and 1,386 pharmacies were included. The factors studied were considered: the number of population living in Minsk and regional centers, the form of pharmacies ownership, their category and location, the distance from health care institutions, the presence of traffiс bus stops (including underground railway stations) and shopping facilities near pharmacies. We used the correlation analysis and 2 x 2 contingency tables to study the relationship between the number of ETs calls to pharmacies. As a result of the study, it was found out that with an increase in the population and the number of pharmacies of the 1st, 2nd and 5th categories the number of calls to pharmacies increased; more calls were from pharmacies of the 1st and 2nd categories compared to pharmacies of the 5th category in Minsk and regional centers. There is a tendency to the decrease of ETs calls to pharmacies as to their distance from healthcare institutions. The other factors (pharmacy location, traffic bus stops and trade organizations locations near it) influence the number of ETs calls to pharmacies in different ways depending on the region. It is concluded that at any pharmacy a customer may have a health problem requiring medical care.
VASODILATORS FOR THE TREATMENT OF CARDIAC DISEASES (С01D) ON THE PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS
Authors:   Vitebsk State Order of Peoples' Friendship Medical University, Rzheussky S. E. , Varabei P. S. ,   Vitebsk State Order of Peoples' Friendship Medical University
Published: September 2021

The article studies the domestic market of vasodilators for cardiac diseases in Belarus by analyzing and comparing secondary marketing information. The structure of the market depending on the manufacturing country was studied. It was established that medicines containing isosorbide mononitrate/dinitrate have the greatest number of indications to use and the least number of side effects. The dynamics of changing the sales of medicines in the vasodilators group for cardiac diseases for the period 2010-2018 is presented. The market attractiveness of medicines of the vasodilators group for cardiac diseases was studied using the matrix of the Boston Consulting Group (BCG matrix).
PHARMACY MANUFACTURE AND QUALITY CONTROL OF MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS ABROAD
Authors:   Vitebsk State Order of Peoples' Friendship Medical University, Kuhach V. V.
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this work was to study foreign experience in pharmacy manufacture and quality control of medicinal preparations (MP). Scientific literature and internet sources analysis, the author's own observations from 2005 to 2020 were made. It has been established that pharmacy manufacture of MPs abroad is carried out for the special needs of patients when pharmaceutical industry cannot produce them for various reasons. There are various approaches to standardization of the number of manufacturing pharmacies abroad: from complete prohibition of pharmacy manufacture of medicinal preparations in Portugal to mandatory license requirement in Austria and Germany. To manufacture medicinal preparations at a pharmacy the laboratory is established where necessary equipment, inventory, pharmaceutical substances and excipients are placed and the technological process is carried out. Pharmacy manufacture of sterile medicinal preparations is conducted under aseptic conditions in a specially equipped room or in a laminar-airflow cabinet. MPs must not be registered in most countries of the world. In the US and the European Union (EU) medicinal preparations are classified into medicines for immediate use and for prolonged storage. Expiration date must be stated for prolonged storage medicinal preparations, a dossier is made for them in the EU pharmacies. Pharmacies in most countries of the world manufacture medicinal preparations from tablets and capsules. Much attention abroad is given to ensure the quality of pharmacy manufacture of medicinal preparations: in the US, pharmacy manufacture of medicinal preparations is carried out in accordance with the requirements of Pharmacopoeia, in the EU according to the EU Council Resolution. A number of countries have developed guidelines or standard operational procedures for pharmacy manufacture of medicinal preparations. Constant training and assessment of employees’ competencies engaged in pharmacy manufacture of medicinal preparations is performed.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF THE PROCEDURE FOR QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF IMPURITIES IN TABLETS “RANOLAZIN-NAN”
Authors: Klimashevich V. B. , Kokusev E. V. , Gudovich V. V. , Kazyuchits O. A. , Zhebentyaev A. I.
Published: September 2021

The article presents the results of the research on the development of the procedure for determining related impurities by high-performance reversed-phase chromatography in the tablets “Ranolazin-NAN”. The conditions for samples preparation of ranolazine tablets, optimal conditions for the gradient mode of chromatography were selected using Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 column: eluent A - 0,1% triethylamine buffer with pH 6,0 ± 0,1 (diluted with orthophosphoric acid) and acetonitrile in a ratio 70:30 v / v and eluent B - acetonitrile. The effect of pH medium (2,0, 6,0 and 9,0) on the efficiency of the column while studying the solutions of ranolazine and identified impurities was established. The suitability of the chromatographic system was proven and the specificity of the method for determining unidentified and identified impurities was proven. Linearity in the entire range of the procedure usage (from the quantitation limit to 125% (of the content of a single impurity)), correctness as well as precision at the level of reproductivity and intermediate precision, and the stability (robustness) of the method with small changes in the flow rate and column temperature were proven for the procedure of related impurities determination in Ranolazin-NAN tablets.
Série de Casos: Gliomas de Alto Grau do Hospital de Clínicas de Passo Fundo - HCPF - RS
Authors: Pastorello Julia , Lando Emanuela , Dos Santos do Amaral Camila , Pagnussat Cechetti Cristiane , Zerwes Vacaro Giovana , Taina Henn Nicoli , Ractz Bueno Marina , Carvalho Cogo Douglas , Rottenfusser Robson , Mesquita Filho Paulo Moacir
Published: September 2021

Os Gliomas são os tumores cerebrais mais prevalentes e representam 33% de todos os casos de tumores cerebrais já descritos, são diferenciados conforme localização, histologia, genética e agressividade. Os gliomas de alto grau possuem um potencial de agressividade elevado e prognóstico extremamente reservado, sendo as histologias raras e atípicas ainda mais agressivas e sombrias. O presente trabalho, visa relatar uma série de casos acerca dos tumores cerebrais mais prevalentes, designados gliomas, em especial os relacionados as apresentações de alto grau, levando em considerações a apresentação clínica, fisiopatologia, métodos diagnósticos e tratamentos relacionados ao tema abordado.
povo enquanto categoria fílmica
Authors: Rossi Túlio
Published: September 2021

O artigo consiste em uma análise sociológica comparativa dos filmes Terra em transe (Glauber Rocha, 1967) e Manhã Cinzenta (Olney São Paulo, 1969) à luz do contexto político brasileiro atual. Leva-se em conta diferenças e similitudes entre o contexto atual e o de realização dos filmes, problematizando os olhares constituídos hoje sobre essas duas obras em função de sua importância histórica e do reconhecimento conquistado posteriormente pelos seus diretores. A análise se concentra na construção fílmica da categoria “povo” nas duas obras, identificando os “sistemas relacionais” (SORLIN, 1985), nos quais se constituem redes de relações e hierarquias entre personagens enquanto expressões ideológicas de determinado contexto. A partir disso, problematiza-se que imagem de “povo” estes filmes contribuíram para construir e cristalizar.
Mais “Reino”, menos “religiosidade”
Authors: Aguiar Taylor de
Published: September 2021

Este texto discute a presença, entre juventudes evangélicas de Porto Alegre-RS, de um ideário eclesiológico conhecido como “cultura do Reino”, que se contrapõe ao que jovens participantes de diferentes denominações consideram um modelo negativo de “religiosidade”. Enfatiza-se como a noção de “Reino” constitui o ponto de partida de uma mudança de paradigma nas relações evangélicas juvenis com a cultura e o secular. Demonstra-se que o “Reino” impõe novos desafios teóricos às investigações sobre a presença evangélica no espaço público, demandando uma análise que leve em consideração as múltiplas escalas do que se entende nativamente por “Reino”, e que ambicione, simultaneamente, compreender o acionamento da categoria “religiosidade” a partir de um empreendimento descritivo das articulações do conceito. Adicionalmente, ainda se encontram no escopo deste artigo reflexões sobre o caráter geracional do movimento da “cultura do Reino”, buscando entendê-lo como uma manifestação associada a jovens evangélicos que vivem o “espírito do tempo” presente.
Do império à república
Authors: Gileno Carlos , Medeiros Rodrigo Dantas de
Published: September 2021

O presente trabalho tem por objeto expor a relevância do ultramontanismo no pensamento conservador católico brasileiro. O filósofo francês Joseph-Marie de Maistre (1753-1821) fundamentou as teses práticas e teóricas do ultramontanismo partidário da prevalência do poder espiritual sobre o temporal, expondo a ortodoxia católica para preservar a civilização ocidental do desenvolvimento do processo histórico que abrangia os movimentos revolucionários comunistas e liberais. No Brasil, a herança do movimento ultramontano europeu foi potencializada no século XIX pela atuação do bispo Vital Maria Gonçalves de Oliveira (1844-1878) durante a Questão Religiosa (1872-1875). As ações e as condutas de alguns atores a autores políticos vinculados à ortodoxia católica podem evidenciar a presença relevante da corrente ultramontana no Brasil do século XX, mormente na militância intelectual católica do paulistano Plínio Corrêa de Oliveira (1908-1995), adentrando o século XXI.
Laços sem nós
Authors: Gracino Junior Paulo , Oliveira Fabrício Roberto Costa , Souza Carlos Henrique Pereira de
Published: September 2021

Nas últimas décadas a sociologia da religião viu questionado o paradigma da secularização. A persistência de movimentos sociais religiosamente orientados ao redor do mundo, inclusive na Europa, pareciam apontar para obsolescência de programas de pesquisa que se baseavam em alguma das versões da teoria da secularização. Assim, pesquisadores estadunidenses ensaiaram, desde o início da década de 1980, um salto para fora não só do paradigma da secularização, mas da teoria sociológica. Por exemplo, Rodney Stark e William Bainbridge visavam justamente superar o velho paradigma, substituindo-o por um novo, calcado nas teorias econômica e da escolha racional. Este artigo reflete sobre os limites das concepções da teoria da escolha racional da religião, recuperando proposições fundamentais da sociologia econômica, especialmente, de Mark Granovetter. Argumenta-se que os pressupostos da sociologia econômica podem contribuir de forma consistente para as questões que giram em torno da escolha e do mercado religioso, sem, no entanto, negar a tradição sociológica.
The Igbo-African Conceptualization of Death as a Journey and Not a Destination
Authors: Onwuatuegwu Ignatius Nnaemeka
Published: September 2021

The issue of death has engaged many thinkers in almost every epoch or era. More so, different philosophers of various cultures have varied conceptions of death as well as rendering differing definitions and interpretations of the concept. Heidegger, for instance, sees man as a being destined to die and, therefore, man lives towards death. Death, simply put in that line of thought, therefore, is the primary purpose or destination of man on earth. This idea renders everything man does on earth as a venture in futility. Nevertheless, man is a being unto immortality. Death from the Igbo-African ontological point of view is but only a vehicle with which man is conveyed to immortality. It is an unavoidable path which every single individual person must unavoidably pass through if one is to be translated and transformed into immortality. The writer in the work resorted simply to the methodological approach of expository and philosophical reflection to accomplish the goal of the study. Invariably, the conclusion that death is, therefore, not a destination but a journey is drawn.