bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Citric Acid Effect in High early Type Portland Cement Pastes and Mortars
Authors: Mendes Beatryz Cardoso , Alvarenga Rita de Cássia Silva Sant’Ana , Fassoni Délio Porto , Pedroti Leonardo Gonçalves , de Azevedo Afonso Rangel Garcez , Porto Ana Beatriz , Monteiro Sergio Neves , da Luz Fernanda Santos
Published: October 2020

The influence of citric acid in the properties of high strength Portland cement pastes and mortars, both in fresh and hardened condition, was evaluated. The content of citric acid varied from 0 to 0.8 wt%. Tests were carried out in cement pastes to determine the water required for normal consistency and initial and final setting times. Mortars cements were tested to define bulk density, consistency index, air content in the fresh condition and compressive strength after 7, 14, and 28 days. Analysis by XRD was also performed. The results showed that the use of citric acid as a retardant additive is a viable procedure, because it increased the mechanical strength after 14 days and improved the mortar workability.
Equal Channel Angular Pressing Consolidation and Heat Treatment of Blended Elemental Powders of Fe-Mn-Al
Authors: Namur Ricardo Sanson , Krapp Ferreira Ana Carolina , Feitosa Lorena Moraes , Bueno Arthur Gustavo , Zilnyk Kahl Dick , Cintho Osvaldo Mitsuyuki
Published: October 2020

In this work, the consolidation of blended elemental powders of iron, manganese and aluminum (Fe-25Mn-15Al wt.%) was performed by Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP). Samples were consolidated at room temperature in a Φ = 120° die by a single pass and a second pass in route A. Both samples were heat treated at 650 °C and water cooled. Prior to heat treatment, samples presented a dense but chemically inhomogeneous structure. Fe and Al particles were highly deformed, whereas, Mn was almost undeformed. Mn particles were partially shattered by friction with Fe and Al particles. After heat treatment, the samples were characterized by SEM-EDX and presented substantial interdiffusion along the particles interfaces. It is believed that higher deformations by ECAP may improve the sinterability of consolidated samples in order to densify and chemically homogenize it.
Influence of the Thermal Parameters on the Microstructure, Corrosion Resistance and Hardness on the Unidirectional Solidification of Al-10wt% Si-5wt% Cu Alloy
Authors: dos Santos Givanildo Alves , Ribeiro Alexandre Neves , Nascimento Mauricio Silva , Frajuca Carlos , Nakamoto Francisco Yastami , da Silva Márcio Rodrigues , dos Santos Vinícius Torres , Batalha Gilmar Ferreira , Couto Antônio Augusto
Published: October 2020

This study aims to correlate thermal parameters in the directional solidification of Al-10wt% Si-5wt% Cu alloy with the resulting microstructure and, in addition, with hardness and corrosion resistance. The results include primary dendritic arm spacing (PDAS),tip growth rate(VL), cooling rate (TR), scanning electron micrographs (SEM), hardness values and corrosion resistance parameters obtained by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and by the Tafel extrapolation method, conducted in 3% (m/v) NaCl solution at room temperature. The results show that coarser PDAS exhibit a tendency to increase in corrosion resistance, except in the positions with higher concentrations of the intermetallic compound Al2Cu, that surrounded by an aluminum rich phase tends to have a higher resistance to corrosion. The hardness values remained constant.
Evaluation of PP/Wood Flour Composite Processing Using Computer Simulation
Authors: Martins Michele Damiana Mota , Azevedo Joyce Batista , Filho Fabio da Costa Garcia , Monteiro Sergio Neves , Barbosa Josiane Dantas Viana
Published: October 2020

Aiming the development of novel composites reinforced with natural fibers from vegetable origin, it is important the understanding and control of processing parameters in twin-screw extruders. The temperature profile and the screw components, as well as the extrusion speed, compromise the distribution and dispersion of the fibers in the matrix and consequently in their rheological behavior, which reflects in the mechanical, chemical and morphological properties of the composites and products obtained from them. One new tool, used to understand processing parameters in composites, is computer simulation. In this study, we used the WinTXS Software to evaluate the influence of process parameters in the polypropylene matrix composite reinforced with 30 vol% wood flour. Parameters such as shear rate, temperature, melt viscosity, and viscous dissipation were evaluated. It was observed that increasing screw speed, the temperature increased, which results from the viscous dissipation. Under these conditions, the shear rate and melt viscosity were reduced.
Obtention of Nb47Ti and Ti13Nb13Zr Alloys Powders by Hydride-Dehydride Process for Additive Manufacturing Applications
Authors: Falcão R.B. , Sallica-Leva E. , Bayerlein D.L. , Neto J.B. Ferreira , Landgraf F.J.G.
Published: October 2020

In this work, the hydride-dehydride process (HDH) parameters to obtain Nb47Ti and Ti13Nb13Zr alloys powders were investigated, aiming the production of orthopedic implants by additive manufacturing (AM). Nb47Ti and Ti13Nb13Zr alloys were previously obtained by electron beam melting furnace (EBMF). During the hydriding step, the alloys were heated at two activation temperatures, 800 and 1000 °C, under constant hydrogen pressure (1.8 bar), for 40 min followed by a controlled cooling rate step (2 °C/min). The hydride alloys were milled in a ring-type mill, for milling times ranging from 2 to 6 min, until to achieve the required particle size range (between 15 and 45 μm). The dehydriding step of the alloys was carried out under high vacuum at 700 °C for times up to 5 h. The alloys treated under distinct HDH steps were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, dynamic image analysis, inert gas fusion and gravimetry. The alloys hydrides (δTiHx phase) were detected in both investigated activation temperatures, with hydrogen (H) contents up to 3.04 and 3.62 wt.% for the Nb47Ti and Ti13Nb13Zr alloys, respectively. During the hydriding step it was also observed a significant increase of nitrogen (N) and oxygen (O) contents regarding he as-cast alloys. The Nb47Ti alloy showed a lower embrittlement degree than the Ti13Nb13Zr alloy, resulting in higher milling times to reach the required particle size distribution. The higher oxygen pick up was observed during the milling step. After the dehydriding step, the HDH powders showed H contents lower than 0.01 wt.%, beside a significant N decreasing. Particles with irregular (or angular) shapes were obtained. However, the particle size was in the required range.
Microstructural Characterization of Joints of Inconel 718 Brazed on Vacuum Furnace
Authors: Rezende Renato Paulo , das Neves Mauricio David Martins
Published: October 2020

The spacer grids are part of the Fuel Element (FE) set of the PWR (Pressurized Water Reactor) type reactor. These grids maintain the position of the fuel rods within the arrangement of the FE, conserving among them the spacing necessary for the operation of the reactor. The grids are manufactured from the union of the intersecting points of stamped strips of Base Material (BM) Inconel 718, by a joint process called brazing. The addition metal (AM) used consists of a brazing paste based on Ni-Cr-P (nickel-chromium-phosphorus), which is added dropwise in the intersection of grids with a clearance of 0.025 mm. For this purpose, Inconel 718 smooth strips of 0.35 mm thick nickel plated samples were prepared, the AM was added and the vacuum oven was 10-3 mbar, in different time and temperatures. The samples were prepared by metallography and characterized using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mechanical microhardness test. The purpose of this work is to characterize the brazing joint by means evaluate the size of precipitates and the different compounds formed in the joint. It was found different precipitates composed mainly of titanium and niobium. Phosphorus rich phases were found in the brazed region. The mean hardness of the BM was 469 ± 12 HV and in the joint region hardness of 1345 ± 34 HV was found in the lighter phases.
Influence of the Electrolyte Composition on the Corrosion Behavior of Anodized AZ31B Magnesium Alloy
Authors: de Oliveira Leandro Antonio , Antunes Renato Altobelli
Published: October 2020

Investigations have been performed to study the effects of the electrolyte composition on the properties of anodized films grown on AZ31B magnesium alloy. The corrosion protection ability of the oxide layers was explored by using potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Film morphology was examined by scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy. In spite of its higher roughness average, the film formed in the silicate and hydroxide mixed solution enhanced the protective properties of the anodized layer, thus reducing the substrate dissolution rate.
Quantitative Analysis of the Sensitization of an Austenitic Stainless Steel Aged between 600 and 900°C through Electrochemical and Microstructural Measurements
Authors: Mesquita Ramaiany Carneiro , Ribeiro Ariele Rebeca Martins , Gonçalves Cintia Leite , Ribeiro Diogo Marcelo Lima , Caldas Sarah Caroline Gomes
Published: October 2020

Is the concern with latent phenomenon of sensitization, as it exposes austenitic stainless steels to one of the most severe types of corrosion, intergranular, caused by chrome impoverishment in some regions after the material has been treated thermally in a temperature range between 450°C and 850°C. The aim of this study is to identify the conditions under which the stainless steel AISI 304 austenitic will sensitize, microstructural analysis and reactivation potentiodynamics technique by Double cycle method (DL-EPR). In steel samples were subjected to different ranges of time and temperature. The behavior of the degree of sentiment reveals that the rainfall happens so intense under the conditions under study with the exception of 900oC - 1, 2, and 6, which was observed and proven both by microstructural analysis and the DL-EPR.
Physical-Chemical and Thermal Characterization of Powder Eucalyptus Bark
Authors: de Barros João Lúcio , Mendonça Marcelo Aparecido , Yamaji Fábio Minoru , Varanda Luciano Donizeti , Yamamoto Hiroyuki , de Morais Leandro Cardoso
Published: October 2020

Eucalyptus bark is an agroindustry residue generated in large quantities due to its physical-chemical characteristics. Several industries, such as the pulp and paper industry, the timber and derived industries, do the wood separation and commonly the bark is discarded in the field or sent to companies that consume them as an energy product. Although it is a material with a high energy content, even larger than the wood itself, due to its characteristics, some companies cannot consume this material without first processing it. This processing serves to change the geometry of the material, either by reducing the size of the fibers, that is to standardize a particle size, to facilitate the transport and internal logistics of the companies, until the arrival in the burners and / or boilers. Therefore, it is necessary to know some physical and chemical characteristics of the material before and after these changes. The purpose of this work was to characterize and compare the particulate matter with the processed material. It was carried out the immediate chemical analysis, the verification of the humidity and density, the calorific value of the materials and the thermal degradation in inert and oxidizing atmosphere. The results showed that there were beneficial changes in the characteristics of the materials, mainly in the thermal analyzes. These characteristics corroborate with the need to process the material in order to obtain better results in its applications.
Manufacturing Techniques: Polymer Implants as Drug Delivery Systems for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Wada Cristiane Mayumi , Salmoria Gean Vitor
Published: October 2020

The manufacturing processes of polymeric implants for controlled drug release suggest a promising perspective of use for chemotherapeutic treatments. The objective of this study was to carry out a bibliographical survey of the last 10 years with experimental works to draw up a profile of methodologies and results achieved in this area. The literature search revealed 739 references, of which 19 were selected. The manufacturing by extrusion and injection are the most used. Regarding geographical distribution, Brazil occupies the 2nd place in the general list. The analysis of the literature on controlled release techniques of chemotherapeutic drugs demonstrates the scarce production in this area. It would be of great interest to have more studies on this topic, since it would be an alternative in the chemotherapeutic treatment.
Antimicrobial Activity of the Sodium Lauryl Sulphate Used as Surfactant in the Polymeric Encapsulation Processes
Authors: Fagundes Pâmela , Carniel Thaís Karoline , Mazon Lais Regina , de Mello Josiane Maria Muneron , Silva Lucinao Luiz , Dalcanton Francieli , Colpani Gustavo Lopes , Zanetti Micheli , Fiori Márcio Antônio
Published: October 2020

Miniemulsion polymerization process is a very versatile technique used for the polymeric encapsulation of the many essential oils. In this process some surfactant compounds are used to define the capsules characteristics, as an example the Sodium Lauryl Sulphate (SLS) that is one of the most used surfactants. But, after the miniemulsion polymerization synthesis the residual amount of SLS can manifest an antimicrobial action that can improve or to prejudice the final properties of the encapsulated products, depending of its percentual concentrations. In this sense, the objective of this work was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of polycaprolactone (PCL) capsules synthesized with different residual concentrations of the SLS surfactant after the miniemulsion polymerization processes. The antimicrobial evaluations demonstrated from solid media diffusion test that the PCL microcapsules are microbiologically inactive for the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli when are synthetized with residual concentrations of SLS below 0.0125%. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of residual SLS for the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus is 0.0146% and for the bacteria Escherichia coli the complete bacterial inhibition not was detected at the maximum residual concentration studied of 0.1167%.
Evaluation of the Mechanical Behavior of Bisphenol-A Polycarbonate after Thermal Degradation
Authors: de Assis Foluke Salgado , Monteiro Sergio Neves , da Silva Anderson Oliveira , Weber Ricardo Pondé , Pereira Artur Camposo , de Paiva Cleyson Santos , Martins Ferreira Carlos Alberto , Scarpini Cândido Verônica , Rios da Silva Alisson Clay
Published: October 2020

This work investigates the mechanical behavior of a PCLIGHT type of polycarbonate (PC). PC samples display interesting results after thermal degradation at different temperatures. Samples of PC in sheet form were exposed for a period of 5 hours at temperatures of 50, 100, 150 e 200°C. After, thermogravimetric test, flexural, impact and tensile tests were performed. The results show that the samples treated at 200oC have their mechanical performance affected. This indicates that the temperature acts on the PC embrittlement behavior. Thus, it can be inferred that temperatures above 150oC can negatively influence the mechanical behavior of the polycarbonate indicating that this material should not be used in association with high temperatures.
Study of Mechanical Behavior of Polycarbonate after Thermal Degradation
Authors: de Paiva Cleyson Santos , de Assis Foluke Salgado , Monteiro Sergio Neves , Candido Verônica Scarpini , Ferreira Carlos Alberto Martins , Rios da Silva Alisson Clay
Published: October 2020

This work investigates the mechanical behavior of a PCLIGHT type of polycarbonate (PC). PC samples display interesting results after thermal degradation at different temperatures. Samples of PC in sheet form were exposed for a period of 5 hours at temperatures of 50, 100, 150 e 200°C. After, thermogravimetric test, flexural, impact and tensile tests were performed. The results show that the samples treated at 200oC has their mechanical performance affected this indicates that the temperature acts on the PC embrittlement behavior. Thus, it can be inferred that temperatures above 150oC can negatively influence the mechanical behavior of the polycarbonate indicating that this material should not be used in association with high temperatures.
Well-posedness for the backward problems in time for general time-fractional diffusion equation
Authors: Floridia Giuseppe , Li Zhiyuan , Yamamoto Masahiro
Published: October 2020

In this article, we consider an evolution partial differential equation with Caputo time-derivative with the zero Dirichlet boundary condition:

\partial^{\alpha}_tu + Au = F

where

0 < \alpha < 1

and the principal part

-A

, is a non-symmetric elliptic operator of the second order. Given a source

F

, we prove the well-posedness for the backward problem in time and our result generalizes the existing results assuming that

-A

is symmetric. The key is a perturbation argument and the completeness of the generalized eigenfunctions of the elliptic operator

A

.
The Hematological Parameters of the Prussian Carp (Carassius gibelio, (Bloch, 1782)) Under the Zaporizhian (Dnipro) Reservoir Conditions
Authors: Kurchenko Viktoriia Oleksandrivna , Sharamok Tatiana Sergiivna
Published: October 2020

Hematological parameters are quite effective and informative for determining the health status of fish populations. They respond quickly to changes in habitats of different nature. The Prussian carp is one of the most widespread species in the Ukrainian reservoirs. Currently, the researches of hematological changes of this species in the modern conditions of the Zaporizhyian (Dnipro) reservoir are quite relevant. During the research the ecological classification of surface water quality in Ukraine, it was found that the water in the Samara Bay is characterized as "moderately polluted", and in the lower part of the reservoir it is "slightly polluted". The concentration of almost all investigated heavy metals in the water of the Samara Bay is higher compared to the lower part of the reservoir. The number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin content in the blood of Samara Bay fish were lower by 22.4% and 44%, respectively, compared to fish in the lower part of the Zaporizhian (Dnipro) reservoir, and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate was higher by 81.8%. In the Prussian carp from the silver Zaporizhian (Dnipro) reservoir, neutrophilic leukocytosis with a shift to the left was observed, which is usually characteristic of inflammatory processes and various intoxications. There were also statistically significant deviations in the activity of ALT and AST in the blood plasma of fish in the Samara Bay, which may indicate a chronic impact of a complex of anthropogenic factors on fish, especially on the function of the liver, which serves as a detoxifying organ.
Putative Pacemakers in Crayfish Procambarus clarkii Show Circadian Oscillations in Levels of mRNA for Clock Genes under Different Light Rhythm
Authors: Xie Wei , Sun Bin , Li Peng , Yan Jie , Chen Wan , Zhou Kaiya
Published: October 2020

In the circadian rhythm mechanism, cycle (Cyc), clock (Clk), cryptochrome (Cry) are three core clock genes that constitute complex mechanism controlling organisms to follow a 24-hour oscillation cycle. In the present study, the major clock genes, i.e. PcCyc, PcClk, PcCry1 were cloned from crayfish Procambarus clarkii. The putative functions as well as physical and chemical properties of the resolved proteins were analyzed by various bioinformatic methods. Real-time quantitative PCR technique was used to explore the mRNA expression of the PcCyc, PcClk, PcCry1 in brain, eyestalk, and hepatopancreas tissues of P. clarkii. In order to examine circadian rhythm of selected clock genes in the species, the experiment was carried out under three different light conditions, namely: (a) 12 h of light and dark periods per day (12LD), (b) 24 h of constant darkness (24DD) and (c) 72 h of constant darkness (72DD). The obtained results showed essential correlation in the mRNA expression levels of PcCyc and PcClk genes under similar light conditions. It indirectly suggests that the PcCYC and PcCLK proteins might be involved in the transcriptomic regulatory mechanism of all other genes within the core-clock network. The mRNA expression levels of the PcCry1 gene were highly variable, differing significantly in relation to the various illumination conditions and sampled tissues. The obtained results seem to follow the pattern evidencing the sensitivity of PcCry1 gene to the light signals. It firmly supports the gene’s role in the conversion mechanism of light signals into optical signals, which is engaged in the generation and control of circadian rhythmicity.
Diagnostic workflow for small intestine diverticulitis: case series and systematic review.
Authors:   Laboratorio Santiago Ramón y Cajal, Sociedad Española de Beneficencia, Márquez-Acosta Andrés , Peón Alberto N. , Suárez-Bautista Kristopher , Florez-Sánchez Celia Nashielli , Gómez-Núñez Mario F.
Published: October 2020

Objective: to assess new strategies in order to promptly diagnose small intestine diverticulitis. Methods: we thoroughly analyzed a case series of small intestine diverticulitis in order to describe three of the typical presentations of such disease (intestinal perforation, intestinal obstruction and obstruction developing perforation). A systematic review of the literature was then conducted in five different scientific databases using six different keywords. Imaging technique's sensitivity for small intestine diverticulitis was assessed, as well as the frequency of signs and symptoms of such pathology. A complete description of the signs and symptoms of acute abdomen-type pathologies was also investigated in order to provide differential traits to distinguish small intestine diverticulitis. Results: No pathognomonic signs or symptoms were detected for the pathology, although we found that all the other pathologies in the “acute abdomen” type of diseases have distinguishing traits that could be used to perform a differential diagnosis of small intestine diverticulitis. Moreover, contrast-enhanced computed tomography is the best imaging technique for the confirmation of such disease, when guided by an initial suspicion. Conclusion: Small intestine diverticulitis cannot be diagnosed by clinical exploration only, but patients that have acute abdomen characteristics, and are negative to signs and symptoms that are characteristic of the other diseases in its type should be suspected for such disease. The aforementioned suspicion may guide a better imaging technique selection and exploration through it.
IMPACTO DE GESTIÓN DE LA RESPONSABILIDAD SOCIAL UNIVERSITARIA DEL INSTITUTO DE POSTGRADO DE LA UNIVERSIDAD TÉCNICA DE MANABÍ
Authors: Zambrano-Mendoza Maika Sofia , Vivas-Vivas Esperanza
Published: October 2020

El presente trabajo analiza el impacto de gestión de la responsabilidad social universitaria, tomando en cuenta que en los últimos años este tema ha ganado terreno en el ámbito académico, a nivel local, nacional e internacional. Por ello está enfocado en el instituto de posgrado de la Universidad Técnica de Manabí, como un espacio de reflexión a la acción social que éste debe generar entre sus estudiantes, donde el profesional disponga de la capacidad para aportar con soluciones viables a problemas de carácter social basados en la realidad actual.

Palabras claves: Responsabilidad social universitaria, estudiantes, docentes, ética, gestión, impacto.
Comparison of Single Vehicle Noise Emission Models in Simulations and in a Real Case Study by means of Quantitative Indicators
Authors: Graziuso Gabriella , Mancini Simona , Guarnaccia Claudio
Published: October 2020

Road traffic has a significant influence on the environmental noise pollution, producing harmful effects on human health and collective well-being. Since noise measurements cannot be performed everywhere, or even in a large number of sites, because of high costs and time consumption, traffic noise predictions are necessary for noise abatement and control. Consequently, many scientific models have been developed in recent years focusing on this aspect with the definition of source emission and sound propagation empirical formulations exclusively. This paper focuses on some Emission Models, describing the comparison of the results, in terms of sound power level emitted by a single vehicle, obtained with their application to different simulations of driving conditions and to two real study cases. After a preliminary comparison between the models, the evaluation of two indicators, namely the average and total source power level, will be discussed in relation to different conditions of the vehicle kinematics. The application of these two indicators to real study cases will demonstrate their validity. It will be shown that this procedure can become a tool for supporting people route choices according to a less impact of environmental noise. This will open the way to new scenarios of eco-routing, by means of implementation of models prediction in dedicated software platforms and/or in car navigation systems.
Clinical Aspects of Vitamin D Deficiency in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: TOLGAY Elif Nalan , SEFEROGLU Meral , TAŞKAPILIOĞLU Özlem , TURAN Ömer Faruk
Published: October 2020

Introduction:
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a multifactorial, immune-mediated disorder that occurs in genetically predisposed people. Vitamin D might be an important environmental factor in the development and prevention of MS disease. We aimed to investigate the role of vitamin D in MS disease activity.

Material and Methods:
The study was designed as a prospective study. Thirty-two patients and 15 healthy subjects were included. Variables were MS disease duration, number of relapses, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores, serum vitamin D levels, assessments through neuropsychological tests relevant to depression, cognition, anxiety and fatigue.

Results:
The mean age of the subjects was 32.6±6.9 years. A significant positive correlation was found between the vitamin D level during relapse and remission. A statistically significant difference was found between the patients in relapse and controls in serum vitamin D levels (p=0.002). A statistically significant difference was found between the patients in relapse and patients in remission, in serum vitamin D concentrations (p<0.001). Statistically significant differences were found between the patients in relapse and controls in MMSE, Beck Depression Inventory, Benedict's Cognition Test, Fatigue Severity Scale, PASAT, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory scores (p=0.01, p<0.001, p=0.01, p<0.001, p=0.007, p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively).

Conclusion:
Vitamin D in association with other therapies may prevent the progression of MS-related disabilities and the relapses in RRMS. Vitamin D levels may have effects on the symptoms (depression, anxiety, cognitive deterioration, and fatigue) which are frequently seen in the course of MS.
Analisis Literasi STEM Dalam Pengembangan Pendidikan Vokasi: Konsepsi Pada Pendidikan Tinggi Maritim
Authors: Mustain Iing
Published: October 2020

Vocational education is a higher education diploma program that prepares students for jobs with certain applied skills to the Associate Expert or Applied Bachelor program. STEM literacy can bridge higher education with competent human resource graduates in the maritime sector that the industry needs because in vocational education through the revitalization program, the industry must collaborate with the needs of the world of work. The research method uses conceptual description analysis on the problem of STEM literacy needs in maritime colleges. STEM literacy includes Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics literacy. Some of the established indicators can use several references from AAAS, ABET, NRC, NCTM, OECD, and ITEA. According to Bloom's taxonomist, the ability level of cadets according to the author can be implemented at levels C4, C5, and C6 for the cognitive domain. The affective domain on attitudes, beliefs, self-esteem, self-confidence, and motivation, and the psychometric domain on actions that indicate motor skills such as in the use of instruments or tools that are precise and accurate.
Challenges on the Implementation of Free Education Policy in Tanzania: A Case of Public Primary Schools in Babati Town
Authors: Doriye Fabian , Muneja Mussa , Ilomo Onesto
Published: October 2020

The aim of the study was to analyze the challenges facing implementation of free education policy in Tanzania among selected Public Primary Schools in Babati Town. The study used descriptive research design by applying quantitative research approach. Teachers were selected using total population sampling. Since the study involved only 13 schools, it was easy to collect data from all 147 teachers. The data collection instruments were validated by expert judgement from University of Arusha Research Board. Moreover, a pilot study was done and the tool was revised accordingly. The data was coded in SPSS software and descriptive analysis was used to collect data. The first objective was about teaching based challenges faced by teachers under the current policy of free education at public primary schools. The overall finding shows the teaching based challenges have exponentially increased as seen in the shortage of classrooms, availability of large number of students in small classrooms and making it harder for teachers to facilitate crowded classrooms. The second objective was geared to describe management-based challenges faced by heads of schools under the current policy of free education. The overall findings show that head teachers worked in harder environments as compared to when the free education policy was not in operation. It is recommended that the government of Tanzania should increase education funding in order to make free education policy relevant. Also it is further recommended that the government should give clear explanation of what free education is all about in order to make parents be willing to support schools through material and moral support.
Psychological Dynamics of Young People on Broken Home Families
Authors: Firdausi Nikko Iffah A. , Hotifah Yuliati , Simon Irene Maya
Published: October 2020

This research intends to find out the psychological dynamics of young people on broken home families in SMP Negeri 4 Malang, East Java, Indonesia; which are evaluated on 1) perceptions about their self, 2) perceptions about their family, 3) role in family and friends environment, and 4) reactions to family problems. This research using a phenomenology approach. We selected the subjects using the snowball sampling method. Data collection applied by interviews, observation, and documentation. The data analysis technique uses reduction, display, and verification of data while testing the validity of the data using the checking member design. The results of the study indicate various perceptions of broken home on young people on themselves and their families. The average self-perception is dominated by a sense of inferiority, feels unlucky as others, and also assumes to have the darkest life. Meanwhile, the perception of the family for broken home of young people, among others: family is a selfish, frightening, and unhappy person. Family conditions that are inharmonious also affect young people's behavior; broken home in family and friends. They show maladaptif behavior such as fighting and rant, loner, pleases to hallucinate, and resist. Young people from broken home families also do the Ego Defense Mechanism as a reaction in negotiating with their family issues.
Meaning as a Product of Play between ‘Privileged’ and ‘Marginal’: A Deconstructive Analysis of A Case of Exploding Mangoes by Muhammad Hanif
Authors: Afzal Malik Haroon , Mohd Pakri Mohamad Rashidi , Low Abdullah Nurul Farhana
Published: October 2020

The buoyant shift from form and structure to the fluid constructs of meaning turned discernible in Jacques Derrida’s Deconstruction. Meaning or reality that had so long been enjoying a fixed and definite status was worn out with the advent of the theory of deconstruction. The turnaround of what was considered real or true became subjacent while challenging all the existing binaries that had been hegemonizing human comprehension of the world (Derrida, 1997). Relying on the theory of deconstruction by Jacques Derrida, the study examines the shift from form and structure to the text itself regarding its privileged and marginal aspects of meaning with particular reference to the novel A Case of Exploding Mangoes. The study suggests that the interplay between privileged and marginal aspects of meaning can constructs multiple meanings and interpretations of a single text. It has further been added that the nature of the theory of deconstruction—change in the fixed status of meaning/reality—at the same time, is a representation of the indefinite nature of modern man who has experienced a bumpy ride of social and religious values resulted due to the political, industrial, economic and technological revolutions. The paper finds that the fluidity of meaning that is the sole characteristic of the theory of deconstruction traverses the contemporary Pakistani fiction in its dealing of the sensitive matters such as religious extremism and dictatorship etc., and Muhammad Hanif’s selected novel is the perfect example of it.
A Comparison between the Translation Dichotomies Suggested by Juliane House and Lawrence Venuti
Authors: Barkhordar Seyyed Yahya , Fatemi Reza
Published: October 2020

Juliane House has split translation into “overt” and “covert” types. Translation has been classified by Lawrence Venuti into “domestication” and “foreignization”. This research attempted to compare the translation typologies rendered by House and Venuti. House’ and Venuti’s translation typologies are similar in 8 points and differ in 4 ones. Overt translation corresponds to foreignization and covert translation to domestication. Dichotomy is neither superior nor inferior to the others.
The ‘One Health’ Approach to an Epidemic Response
Authors: Cherian Vinu , Philip Joel
Published: October 2020

The concept of ‘one health’ recognizes that there is an inextricable link between the health of people, animals, and the shared environment. With the rapid growth in population and the destruction of natural habitats, humans are coming into closer contact with wild and domesticated animals. This, in turn, creates ripe conditions for the movement of viruses and diseases between animals and people. The world is seeing frequent occurrences of epidemics caused by new pathogens, to which humans have little immunity, owing to this phenomenon. ‘One Health’ assumes global significance today when the world is in the grip of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The response of the state of Kerala to the COVID-19 crisis is guided by its prior experience with curbing the Nipah virus epidemic in 2018. The same core philosophy of ‘one health’ that was at the heart of the campaign to rein in the Nipah outbreak has spearheaded the state response to the COVID-19 pandemic. A review of available literature in Pubmed/Medline & Google scholar databases was carried out to study the impact of ‘one health’ on the epidemic response of Kerala state to the Nipah virus, and how it has been extrapolated in managing the current COVID-19 pandemic. The articles obtained were screened by title, abstract and full text to obtain the most relevant papers. Recommendations have also been proposed regarding the incorporation of ‘one health’ in public health strategy.
Evaluation of Knowledge and Awareness regarding COVID-19 Disease among Medical and Dental students in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Saleem Mohd. , Alenazi Fahaad , Moursi Soha Abdallah , Ahmed Hussain Gadelkarim , Alam Md. Jahoor , Alzapni Moath Ibrahim Ayad , Jarallah Ghada Abdullah Saleh , Alanazi Talal Banan , Almusawi Renad Adel Mohammed , Alrashidi Faisal Abdullah , Jarallah Rawan Abdullah Saleh , Beg Mirza Masroor Ali , Syed Khaja Azharuddin Sajid
Published: October 2020

Objective: To evaluate the levels of information regarding the current emerging outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among medical and dental students at universities in Saudi Arabia through an online questionnaire. Methods: A detailed structured questionnaire was prepared, containing demographic profiles and questions related to knowledge and awareness of the COVID-19 pandemic, and was emailed to 240 subjects, out of these, 209 responded to all the questions. Results: The majority of the respondents were aware of the current and past epidemics of the coronavirus diseases, and they heard about SARS or MERS (89.5%) and the COVID-19 pandemic (94.7%). Internet was the main source of information (63.1%) followed by professors and physicians (24.2%), print media (6.1%), television (4%), and family or friends (2.5%). The majority of respondents received information about COVID-19 from the Ministry of Health (85.6%) and 44.5% of respondents participated in the COVID-19 symposium or conference. Respondents of the college of Medicine were more aware (96.1%) about COVID-19 than respondents of the college of Dentistry (86.2%; p=0.02). Conclusion: The study finds a high level of COVID-19 awareness among medical and dental students at KSA universities. However, there is a need to study in a community-level assessment regarding knowledge about COVID-19
Diarrhoeal diseases and its relation to WaSH practices and MPN count among under-five children residing in Resettlement colony, Delhi
Authors: Sangma Risa Vernette Nengminza , Rasania Sanjeev Kumar , Prasuna Joysula Gnani , Das Ranjan , Jais Manoj
Published: October 2020

Background: Globally, diarrhoeal diseases are the second leading cause of death among under 5 children and India alone accounts for 100,000 lives annually, third highest in the world. In low and middle-income countries, contaminated water has been the major source of diarrhoeal diseases and lack of improper WaSH (Water, Sanitation and Hygiene) practices accounts for 90% of the total death. Aims and Objective: To find out the burden of diarrhoea and its relation to WASH practices among children and mothers/care givers and Presumptive Coliform count of drinking water. Materials and Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study conducted in Resettlement colony, Delhi. A total of 553 under 5 children were studied after attaining consent from mothers/care givers. MPN count per 100 ml was measured from drinking water storage vessel. Result: Prevalence of diarrhoea was found to be 40.70%, being higher among children aged between 13-24 months (57.3%). Out of the total water samples, 37% of samples were unsatisfactory, 36% suspicious and 22% satisfactory. None of the samples were found to be satisfactory. Lack of WaSH practices was observed among mother/care givers.  Conclusion: Understanding the factors influencing the occurrence of diarrhoeal diseases and drinking water quality will help reduce the burden of diarrhoeal diseases.
Capacity Building, Structural Adjustment and Culture Changes in Coping with HIV/AIDS in Surakarta Indonesia
Authors: Demartoto Argyo , Zunariyah Siti , Pujihartati Sri Hilmi
Published: October 2020

Background: HIV-infected women increase in number due to biological condition, poor knowledge on HIV/AIDS, and low bargaining position. Aim & Objective: This study aimed to study capacity building, structural adjustment and culture changes in overcoming HIV/AIDS in Surakarta Indonesia. Methods and Material: Data was conducted through interview, observation, and documentation. Data was validated using source triangulation and analyzed using Longwe’s Women Empowering Framework. Results: Responsive-gender HIV/AIDS coping procedures in Surakarta to encourage woman’s reproductive right and realize gender equality. Conclusions: Capacity building, structural adjustment and cultural change is to improve, develop and integrate empowerment of women infected with HIV/AIDS.
COVID 19 Dawn from Wuhan: “The Number Game”
Authors: Chawla Sumit , Singh Harinder , Chawla Bharti
Published: October 2020

On 31st December 2019, China informed local WHO office of "cases of pneumonia of unknown etiology detected in Wuhan. As of 6th May 2020, there are nearly 3.6 million cases of corona virus infection and approximately 0.25 million deaths worldwide. The real-time data regarding the actual number of cases, as it originates from the epicenter is the key to the estimation of the case fatality rate, hospitalization rates, expected timeline of arrival of contagion, and other epidemiological data. The novel virus has no available literature pertaining to its epidemiological parameters, on which experts can base their estimates and hence the challenge in planning for epidemic management. Bolstering this challenge are the reports alleging under-reporting by Chinese authorities. Alleged toned down numbers could have led to erroneously low estimates contributing to inadequate public health response globally. We conducted a simulation on epidemiological model of COVID-19 to find out expected time off arrival of infections and mortality in different countries and compared this to actual data.
Adverse Events Following Pneumococcal Vaccination among Infants attending Immunization Clinic at a Tertiary Hospital in Northern India
Authors: Goswami Shweta , Gupta Shefali , Singh Mitasha , Gupta Ekta
Published: October 2020

Background: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-13) has been introduced in India in a phased manner. In Haryana it was introduced in 2017. The adverse events following immunization (AEFI) with PCV in real community setting are yet to be detected. Objective: To calculate the incidence and associated factors for various AEFI after pneumococcal vaccination at a tertiary centre of Faridabad, Haryana. Methodology: The descriptive observational study was conducted from April through October 2019 at the immunization centre of a tertiary care centre of Faridabad, Haryana. Each dose of PCV-13 given to the infants attending immunization centre was the study unit. A telephonic contact was done within 24 hours, after 48 hours and between 5-7 days to enquire about any adverse events (minor & major), if occurred. Results: A total of 135 PCV-13 doses were followed up for any AEFIs. 113 AEFIs (incidence: 67.3 per 100 dose) reported in 93 infants. Incidence of fever was 45 per 100 dose followed by tenderness and erythema (39 per 100 doses for each). Incidence of Swelling was 21 per 100 doses. Conclusion: Active surveillance and co administration of Pentavalent vaccine could have resulted in higher proportion of AEFIs.
Awareness and use of Personal Protective Measures against Mosquito Borne Diseases
Authors: Mendhe Harshal , Bhartendu Deepshikha , Makade Kiran , Singh Daneshwar
Published: October 2020

Background: The key success of Vector Borne Diseases control depends not only on services provided by health authorities but also on awareness of vector borne diseases and community participation. Objectives: The present study was conducted to assess the knowledge and use of PPMs against MBDs in field practice area of UHTC amongst study participants. Methods: It was a community based Cross-sectional study conducted in the field practice area of UHTC among 245 families. Result: 94.7% respondents were aware that malaria is transmitted by mosquito bite. Maximum 102 families were using citronella stick, followed by 98 families using liquid vaporizer. 7.79% participants were using PPM adequately while 3.21 % were using PPM correctly. Conclusion: The general awareness regarding important parameters of mosquito borne diseases was less amongst respondents. Less cost, easy availability and simplicity in using PPM were the reasons cited by the respondents regarding their preferences for choosing PPM.
Pattern and cost of physical injury treatment in a rural community
Authors: Jacob Ankeeta Menona
Published: October 2020

The global burden of injuries in 2017 showed that 57.2 million people were affected. The study aimed to assess the patterns of injuries and costs related to the treatment of injuries. Injury in rural areas tends to be under-reported, which hinders estimation of the true prevalence of physical injuries for implementing injury prevention strategies at the community level. A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in the field practice area of a private medical college from May to August 2019. Physical injuries sustained by 1723 individuals over three months were collected and were classified based on ICD-10. Descriptive data were expressed using frequencies and percentages and median (Interquartile Range). Independent T-test, Mann Whitney U test, Chi-square test was used to determine statistical differences between the variables. The total number of injuries recorded was 105(6.9%) among 1723 individuals. The most common injuries were superficial injuries in 77 (70.0%), of which 98(89.1%), of which the upper 55(50.0%) limb was more affected than lower limbs 43(39.1%). The overall 3-month injury rate was 60.94(49.6-72.23) per 1000 persons. The median amount of money spent on the treatment of injuries was INR 225.0(50.0-1000.0).
Engaging Media with Medical Institutions: Experience from Tertiary Hospital in Eastern India
Authors: Parida Swayam Pragyan , Bhatia Vikas , Sinha Sonali , Giri Prajna Paramita , Kumar Behera Binod
Published: October 2020

Behaviour change is an important aspect of the successful implementation of any national health program. Social behaviour change among end-user can be possible by imparting the right information in the right quantity to the right audience, at frequent intervals through the proper medium. Mass media, both electronic and print are considered useful modes to deliver all public health-related messages to the people. However, the key is to provide correct information to the media for dissemination. On the other hand, medical colleges have a depth of knowledge on technical know-how but reaching a larger population is quite challenging. Therefore, a team approach should be planned by establishing a partnership between media and medical colleges and then the social behaviour change can be achieved in the desired direction. In lieu of this novel partnership, the Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar had taken the initiative to bring together media personnel and faculty of medical colleges to chalk and roll out the behaviour change communication for nutrition interventions. This program was highly successful as the liaison helped disseminate the right information to the people. Also, the faculty and residents gained insight into dealing with media and thereby serving the community.