bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BOOK REVIEW: HOW INTERNATIONAL LAW WORK A RATIONAL CHOICE THEORY
Authors: Maulana Mursal
Published: April 2021

Does international law affect state behavior?. Why would states pay any attention to international law in the absence of coercive enforcement mechanism?. What do we mean when we say international law is “binding”, given that states can almost always to violate it?. These intriguing and philosophical questions raised by the author to make sure that we had grasped at least one answer. If not, we were failed to understand the nature of international law. These question also remains us about traditional debate between proponent and opponent of international law such as Hobbes, Spinoza and Austin. But, in the 21st Century we are not debating or neglecting the existence of international law anymore.Written by Andrew T. Guzman who is recently serving as dean of The University of Southern California Gould School of Law (USC Gould), this book develops a persuasive explanation of why and when international law works by using rational choice perspective. Although previously there are some authors focusing their study on this topic such as Professor Abraham Chayes and Antonia Handler Chayes in their book “The New Sovereignty: Compliance with International Regulatory Agreement” which uses managerial approach in describing the compliance of international law and Professor Thomas Franck in his book “Fairness in International Law and Institution” which explains why states comply with international law by introducing fairness approach, this book offers better perspective in understanding international law in contemporary development by proposing “Rational Choice Theory”. The theory then is developed into “Three Rs of Compliance” (Reputation, Reciprocity and Retaliation). The book tries to explain how international law is able to affect state behavior despite a lack of coercive enforcement mechanism.
Evaluation of MPTCP Schedulers in Diverse Scenarios
Authors: Kubde Vidya S. , Sawarkar Sudhir
Published: April 2021

Multipath Transmission Control Protocol (MPTCP) is an extension of TCP meant for multihomed devices, which uses all the available interfaces for a single connection. MPTCP was evolved for Bandwidth aggregation and re silence to network failure. The wireless networks of multihomed devices are of different characteristics, when used together decreases Quality of Service (QoS). MPTCP schedulers tried to fill this gap with different approaches. In this paper we tried to study these schedulers in different network scenarios and came with the findings that to achieve good throughput and decrease download time, only fast paths are preferred.
Arbitrary l-Solutions of the Schrodinger Equation in Arbitrary Dimensions for the Energy Dependent Generalized Inverse Quadratic Yukawa Potential
Authors: Ushie P. O. , Ekpo C. M. , Magu T. O. , Okoi P. O.
Published: April 2021

Within the framework of Nikiforov-Uvarov method, we obtained an approximate solution of the Schrodinger equation for the Energy Dependent Generalized inverse quadratic Yukawa potential model. The bound state energy eigenvalues for were computed for various vibrational and rotational quantum numbers. Special cases were considered when the potential parameters were altered, resulting into Energy Dependent Kratzer and Kratzer potential, Energy Dependent Kratzer fues and Kratzer fues potential, Energy Dependent Inverse quadratic Yukawa and Inverse quadratic Yukawa Potential, Energy Dependent Yukawa (screened Coulomb) and Yukawa (screened Coulomb) potential, and Energy Dependent Coulomb and Coulomb potential, respectively. Their energy eigenvalues expressions and numerical computations agreed with the already existing literatures.
ESP Students’ Satisfaction with Online Learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Ukraine
Authors: Avsheniuk Nataliia , Seminikhyna Nataliya , Svyrydiuk Tetiana , Lutsenko Olena
Published: April 2021

This study aims to determine the level of ESP students’ satisfaction with online ESP learning courses at three faculties of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. The current study examines students’ answers to identify their satisfaction in ESP online courses. The study’s research questions were divided into four categories: the effectiveness of online ESP learning, the availability of learning material used by ESP instructors, the evaluation of ESP teachers’ results, the effectiveness of online testing, and students’ difficulties with ESP distance learning. A descriptive statistical method was used to validate the study. The statistics package JASP was used for data analysis. The authors chose observation, literature analysis, a questionnaire provision, and descriptive data analysis as the research tools. The study results show that students are primarily pleased with ESP courses taught online, students fulfil the expected progress in ESP learning performance. It is revealed that the main problems that influence and impact online ESP learning during COVID-19 are related to technical, academic, and communication challenges. Student satisfaction surveys may lead to changes in ESP online learning activities that may, in turn, boost students’ outcomes. The results provide valuable insight into students’ satisfaction with online learning and pose practical questions for its implementation. As a result, this study is just a preliminary attempt at offering considerate analysis to Ukraine’s policymakers.
COVID-19 Pandemic and Apocalyptic Literature: An Analysis of Margret Atwood’s Oryx and Crake at the time of Coronavirus
Authors: Akhter Tawhida
Published: April 2021

Literature has been an imitator of life for generations on this earth, this literature has voiced the voiceless. Recent contemporary and postmodern literary theories have catered to burgeoning notions of logic that go beyond human survival on the planet. Science fiction is a genre of fiction that encompasses imaginative concepts like futuristic scientific-technological settings, faster than light, past and future spatial time travel, the existence of parallel universes and extraterrestrial life etc. An outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by a novel acute respiratory syndrome of coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) occurred in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. The outbreak was declared as a public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organization on 30 January 2020. During this crisis, literature also plays an important role and apocalyptic literature has shown the disastrous consequences if humans didn’t stop their behaviour and attitude towards the world. This research project aims to take literature out of the realm of imagination and present the harsh realities of culture. This study revealed how literature represents the truth of the world that science is learning every day, and how certain inventions can have harmful effects if they are not halted in time. This research analysed the novel Oryx and Crake in the light of the COVID-19 pandemic and pointed a convincing glimpse of the future. Snowman (protagonist), known as Jimmy before humanity was overrun by science, is trying to live in a world where he might be the last human Snowman tells the tale of how Crake’s scientific ambitions contributed to the abolition of human civilization. The researcher emphasizes how the reel depicts reality and how people are to blame for the degradation of their world.
Analisis Faktor yang Berpengaruh dalam Kesuksesan Berwirausaha
Authors: Saputro Seno Hadi , Atmaja R. Ferry Bakti
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji variabel yang akan berpengaruh terhadap kesuksesan berwirausaha. Variabel yang diteliti adalah Pengetahuan Terhadap Teknologi (PT), Kualitas Produk (KP), Modal Finansial (MF) dan Kemampuan Managerial (KM) sebagai variabel bebas (Independent Variable), sedangkan Kesuksesan Berwirausaha sebagai variabel terikat (Dependent Variable). Data yang didapatkan melalui penyebaran kuesioner yang disusun berdasarkan faktor-faktor yang telah ditetapkan. Analisis data menggunakan program bantuan smartPLS untuk menghasilkan kesimpulan hasil penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pengetahuan terhadap Teknologi (PT), Kualitas Produk (KP), Modal Finansial (MF), dan Kemampuan Managerial (KM) berpengaruh positif terhadap kesuksesan berwirausaha di kota Pangkalpinang sedangkan faktor Wirausaha sukses (WS) dapat dijelaskan oleh faktor-faktor yang telah ditetapkan yaitu Pengetahuan Terhadap Teknologi (PT), Kualitas Produk (KP), Modal Finansial (MF) dan Kemampuan Managerial (KM) yaitu sebesar 56,7%, sedangkan sisanya sebesar 43,3 % dijelaskan oleh variabel lain yang tidak dibahas pada penelitian ini seperti pemilihan tempat, strategi bisnis, daya ungkit usaha, promosi dan lain sebagainya.Kata Kunci: Pengetahuan Teknologi; Kualitas Produk; Modal Finansial; Kemampuan Managerial; Wirausaha.
RAHASIA BANK BAGIAN DARI PROSES MONEY LAUNDRY
Authors: Susilo M. Endriyo , Wagiman Wagiman
Published: April 2021

The crime of money laundering is very detrimental to the public at large, because the crime will also be followed by other crimes, corruption, terrorism and drugs. The purpose of this research is to discuss the extent to which the Bank is involved in the money laundering process, so the researcher takes the theme Bank Secrets as part of the money laundering process. The method used is literature study with descriptive, exploratory, and analytical approaches. It can be concluded that, Bank Secrecy is everything related to information regarding depositors and deposits where the principle of bank secrecy aims to protect customers. Bank is a financial institution that runs its business based on the trust of its customers so that banks are required to be able to maintain the confidentiality of all data and information related to their customers, including information on financial transactions carried out by their customers. It is recommended that the bank should apply the Know Your Customer “Know Your Customer principle” properly accompanied by an adequate reporting system. If there is a suspicious flow of funds, it can work with related parties (PPATK, KPK and the Police) so that money laundering can be prevented as early as possible.
Resiliencia y Cáncer: Una relación necesaria
Authors: Rueda Pilar , Cerezo María Victoria
Published: April 2021

El cáncer es una enfermedad que puede afectar a los pacientes psicológicamente. Afortunadamente existen variables, como la resiliencia o capacidad para prosperar frente a la adversidad, que pueden colaborar en la aceptación de la situación oncológica, encontrándole significado a la experiencia traumática, e incluso beneficios. El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar una revisión teórica actual sobre lo que se sabe en cuanto a resiliencia y cáncer, centrando la investigación en tres aspectos: durante la enfermedad, tras la recuperación y su importancia en el tratamiento psicológico recibido. Las conclusiones indican que la resiliencia es un aspecto necesario para el buen afrontamiento del cáncer, tanto en pacientes como en familiares. Por ello, se aboga por que las intervenciones psicológicas promuevan la resiliencia en las personas que viven la enfermedad oncológica.
University Students' Reflection on Learning English through Drama
Authors: Jihan  , Hendriwanto
Published: April 2021

Speaking skills is common in higher education and can be a significant source of anxiety and stress. This study was designed to measure the student's experience and self-esteem of speaking skills through drama performance. The research was conducted a qualitative interviewing method and analyzed using narrative inquiry. This study participants were English department students who have completed the drama subject in the fifth semester. The instrument used for collecting the data was an interview guide. This study revealed that drama makes students feel confident and self-esteem, freedom of expression, and improved speaking skills. It is supported by students' preparation in action and lecturers' feedback and appreciation in drama. The implications for lecturers involved in speaking performance include drama to consider their involvement in the process of student engagement in preparing for the performance. Because with the preparation time, the input and praise they receive can significantly affect their self-confidence, self-esteem, and the results of their appearance.
The Financial Imbalances that Brought Down GDP: An Empirical Investigation of the 2008 Economic Crisis
Authors: Kytömaa Lauri V.
Published: April 2021

This presentation focuses on the research I worked on for my 4th year seminar paper in economics.

I analyzed the world’s largest economies to assess what factors explain the slowing growth of gross domestic product following the 2008 crisis. The specific factors I examined are: (i) credit growth; (ii) housing price growth; (iii) equity price growth; (iv) banking supervision; and (v) sovereign debt. The results suggest a negative and statistically significant effect for credit growth on post-2008 GDP growth rates. Sovereign debt also shows to have a weak negative effect on GDP growth rates following the 2008 crisis. The results for the other factors prove inconclusive and require additional research and a larger sample size to provide a more persuasive argument. The presentation will spend the majority of the time justifying why these factors may have been important in the investigation of the slowed gross domestic product. After these factors have been adequately explained the presentation will discuss the findings of my statistical work and what these results imply and contribute to economic theory.
Self-Verification and Self-Enhancement in Newly Formed Multicultural Groups
Authors: De Souza Nicola
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this study is to determine when self-verification (the motivation to confirm one’s self-concept) and self-enhancement (the motivation to be viewed in a positive light) occur in newly formed multicultural groups. Many suggest that enhancement is a prepotent motive to verification (Sedikides & Gregg, 2008; Sedikides, 1993), but when verification occurs, it results in greater group performance, trust, and group identification in diverse groups (Polzer, Milton, & Swann, 2002). Research on intimate relationships has shown that factors such as relationship length, as well as levels of future certainty, commitment, and evaluation can influence preferences for enhancing versus verifying feedback (Swann, De La Ronde, & Hixon, 1994; Campbell, Laackenbauer, & Muise, 2006). Based on this research, I predict that groups with a certain future, high commitment, and low evaluation, which I will designate as the “married” groups, will demonstrate higher self-verification than will groups with an uncertain future, low commitment, and high evaluation, designated as “dating” groups.   These “dating” groups will demonstrate higher enhancement compared to the “married” groups.  As well, as a result of greater cultural verification, the “married” groups will exhibit greater cultural mosaic beliefs (emergence of diverse cultural perspectives and better overall group performance) about their group as well as higher levels of trust, group identification, and group commitment, relative to the “dating” group. The “married” groups will also demonstrate higher performance than the “dating” groups on tasks assessing creativity and accuracy.
Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Potential of Local Endemic Plant Pastinaca zozimoides Fenzl
Authors: Düşgün Cihan , Kankılıç Teoman , İşlek Cemil , Balı Dilara Fatma , Kankılıç Özgür
Published: April 2021

P. zozimoides is local endemic in Nigde province, Turkey. There has been no previous examination of the chemical composition and bioactivity of that plant extract. In this study, we studied total phenolic content, antioxidant properties and cytotoxic effect of methanolic extracts of plant sample. According to the Folin-Ciocalteau method, the total phenolics of the extracts were determined spectrophometric. The antioxidant activity was conducted DPPH (1,1‘-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging method and free radical reducing power assay. The cytotoxic effect was studied using MTT assay cell viability on cancer cell lines as well as on Caco-2 cell lines. The total phenolic content of P. zozimoides extract was found 28.79±0.68 Î¼g GAE /mg. The free radical scavenger activities of the DPPH was 31.69%±1.61, 85.15%±0.13, 86.96%±0.085 for 1, 5 and 10 mg/mL, respectively. The free radical reducing power assay was 0.375±0.52, 1.587±0.71, 1.798±0.84 for 1, 5 and 10 mg/mL compared to ascorbic acid standard. On Caco-2 cell lines, the extract of plant showed no cytotoxic potential. Because of its phenolic constituents and its antioxidant capacity it can be considered a healthy nutrient.
Farmers‘ Pest Management Practices of Stored Faba Bean and their Implication to Food Security in Farta District, North West Ethiopia
Authors: Endshaw Wondale , Hiruy Berhanu
Published: April 2021

Faba bean is the most important legume grown in Ethiopia. But, insect pests have been causing its substantial loss under farmers‘ storages. A survey to assess the farmers‘ pest protection practices of stored faba bean was conducted in its selected major growing peasant associations of the Farta District from 4 January 2019 – 15 May 2020. Semi-structured questionnaires and farmers‘ participatory discussion were used to conduct the study. Accordingly, the majority of farmers (66.7%) harvested their grain in usual time (in December) fearing insect pests infestation. A substantial proportion of the farmers (25%) used a combination of cultural and botanical methods, followed by botanicals (20.83%) for grains protection. Eucalyptus globlus, Croton macrostachyus and Otostegia tomentosa were the three most commonly used botanicals and suggested to be potent. Threshing was done most commonly by livestock (66.7%), followed by beating with sticks (25%) both of which are not recommended as they might lead to grain losses. The insect infestation level was high in threshed and un-threshed forms of faba beans after 3 and 7 months storage periods, respectively. Consequently, the farmers‘ traditional practices were ineffectual for storing beans for longer periods. Therefore, planning pest management strategies of stored beans are desirable.
Jajka – zbilansowane źródło składników odżywczych
Authors: Całkosiński Aleksander , Majewski Jacek , Majewski Maciej , Ciszewska Anna
Published: April 2021

Eggs are among the most common and easily obtainable foods in the market. They provide wide and optimally balanced range of nutrients. Eggs cover all protein needs thanks to having all necessary amino acids – both endogenous and exogenous ones. Eggshells, a good source of minerals such as calcium, are used in food industry too. However, eggs used to be limited in every daily diet because they contained significant amounts of cholesterol. Although fatty acids in eggs have good ratio of saturated and unsaturated ones and they enable vitamins A, D, E and K to be easily absorbed by human digestive system, the cholesterol was often accused of increasing risk of cardiovascular diseases. Numerous researches on that topic did not definitely confirmed or disclaimed that. Nevertheless, American Heart Association no longer recommends reducing eating eggs. Eggs having almost perfect composition of nutrients if not eaten too often can for sure be a part of a balanced diet.
Acerola – tropikalny owoc z ogromną dawką witaminy C
Authors: Majewski Jacek , Orylski Michał , Całkosiński Aleksander , Majewski Maciej
Published: April 2021

Acerola is a tropical fruit which contains extremely high amounts of vitamin C. Thanks to that, it is used to produce concentrates of ascorbic acid. Vitamin C is also proven to have impact on human immune system. Additionally, it is a good source of carotene, vitamin A, anthocyanins and other nutrients. Several studies were carried out to establish acerola impact on the metabolism. Among mice it decreased the after-meal glucose level and HbA1c but had no effect on insulin resistance. Another study shows that acerola can contribute to reducing obesity and inflammation thanks to increasing IL-10/TNF ratio. Also, it may lead to decrease the risk of cancer or cardiovascular disease thanks to having strong antioxidant activity. Mice given acerola had decreased level of fatigue and could withstand longer periods of activity compared to control group. All those features of acerola are available if it is processed shortly after being collected and is not exposed to heat.
When a postpartum patient needs a proctologist
Authors: Kołodziejczak Małgorzata , Ciesielski Przemysław
Published: April 2021

Both pregnancy and delivery increase the risk of rectal symptoms in women. This is due to the increased severity of constipation in pregnant women, which is associated with hormonal factors, higher iron intake, limited physical exercise and weight gain during pregnancy. These factors promote haemorrhoidal disease, perianal venous thrombosis and hypertrophy of marginal anodermal folds. A pregnant or a postpartum patient reporting rectal symptoms becomes a multidisciplinary patient, with the overlap of two specialities, i.e. gynaecology and coloproctology. Most rectal conditions that occur in this special period of life may be managed conservatively and only some of cases require surgical approach. Therefore, obstetrician-gynaecologists with sufficient knowledge and experience in the diagnosis and treatment of the most common rectal conditions may implement treatment on their own instead of referring the patient to a proctologist. However, there are clinical situations when proctological consultation is necessary for medical and legal reasons. The paper describes the most common rectal conditions affecting postpartum patients, with an emphasis on situations requiring proctological consultation.
Kosmetyczny aspekt operacji proktologicznych
Authors: Kołodziejczak Małgorzata , Ciesielski Przemysław
Published: April 2021

Although it may seem that the aesthetic appearance of a wound after proctological surgery is of secondary importance relative to the cure of disease, it may affect proper healing, treatment efficacy and the maintenance of anal function. Cosmetic correction of the anal region primarily includes removal of marginal anodermal folds and correction of deformities after proctological surgeries. We present indications for the removal of hypertrophied anodermal folds, as well as situations when such surgery should be abandoned. The most common deformities after proctological surgeries include keyhole deformity, which forms after anal fissure surgery with posterior sphincterotomy and surgical treatment of anal fistula with Hippocrates’ drainage, as well as deformities due to abnormal wound healing. In addition to poor cosmetic result, deformities may lead to functional complications in the form of anal leakage, underwear staining and poor gas continence, which requires surgical correction. Another group includes patients with anal deformity due to scars after multiple proctological procedures, but with no functional defects. The management in these patients largely depends on their mental attitude to these defects and usually no surgical treatment is implemented. Good cosmetic result after proctological surgery often corresponds with good functional outcome and patient’s postoperative satisfaction.
Analysis of treatment methods and outcomes for perianal abscess (PA) and fistula in ano (FIA) in infants
Authors: Puliński Michał , Hawryluk Natalia , Choiński Wojciech
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Perianal abscess (PA) is a relatively common condition in children and occurs in 0.5 to 4.3% of the infant population. In the majority of cases, it is associated with fistula in ano (FIA). Surgical treatment of FIA includes fistulectomy, fistulotomy or, rarely, cryptotomy. Aim. The aim of the study is to perform a retrospective analysis of treatment methods and outcomes for PA and FIA in infants at the Department of Paediatric Surgery and Urology of the Regional Specialised Children’s Hospital in Olsztyn, Poland, in 2014-2019. Material and methods. From January 2014 to December 2019, 44 infants with diagnosed PA and FIA were treated. The majority of patients were boys: 41 (93%) and only 3 (7%) were girls. For PA, three different treatment methods were used: incision and drainage, fistulotomy or fistulectomy. Results. Out of 44 treated infants with diagnosed PA and FIA, 29 were treated only by incision and drainage. Among them, 19 were cured. FIA was identified in 9 patients and fistulectomy or fistulotomy was performed. In this group, there was 1 recurrence, which was retreated with fistulectomy and cured. In 6 patients, PA drained spontaneously; in 3 of them there was recurrence and FIA was diagnosed during another hospital stay. There were 7 fistulotomies and 14 fistulectomies performed and their efficacy was 100 vs 93%, respectively. Conclusions. Fistulotomy is the most effective and safest method of FIA treatment in infants. In every case of perianal abscess diagnosis, a fistula in ano should be looked for.
PENYULUHAN HUKUM TENTANG PELUANG DAN ANCAMAN BAGI KONSUMEN DALAM TRANSAKSI ONLINE DI INDONESIA
Authors: Bidari Ashinta Sekar
Published: April 2021

This legal education aims to educate the public regarding the development of online business in Indonesia. An online business called E-Commerce Transactions arose because of rapid technological developments. The impact on society is to change the pattern of society acting as consumers both in meeting the needs of goods and services using internet media (online). Unwittingly these impacts can be opportunities and threats for the community. Opportunities that arise can provide convenience and practicality in shopping. However, behind the convenience, there is also a threat to consumers experiencing losses, defaults and fraud from online businesses. Therefore, consumer protection really needs to be created not only with accommodating legal rules but supported by self-awareness of consumers to be selective and careful in conducting online transactions.Keywords: online transactions, consumers, opportunities, threats AbstrakPenyuluhan hukum ini bertujuan untuk mengedukasi bagi masyarakat terkait perkembangan bisnis online di Indonesia. Bisnis online yang disebut dengan Transaksi E-Commerce muncul karena perkembangan teknologi yang pesat. Dampaknya bagi masyarakat adalah merubah pola masyarakat bertindak sebagai konsumen baik dalam memenuhi kebutuhan barang dan jasa menggunakan media internet (online). Tanpa disadari dampak yang muncul tersebut dapat berupa peluang serta ancaman bagi masyarakat. Peluang yang muncul dapat memberikan kemudahan dan kepraktisan dalam berbelanja. Akan tetapi dibalik kemudahan itu, juga muncul ancaman bagi konsumen mengalami kerugian, wanprestasi serta penipuan dari pelaku usaha online. Oleh karena itu, perlindungan konsumen sangat perlu diciptakan tidak hanya dengan aturan hukum yang mengakomodir tetapi didukung dengan kesadaran diri dari konsumen untuk selektif dan hati-hati dalam melakukan transaksi online.Kata kunci : Transaksi online, Konsumen, Peluang, Ancaman
Tiktok Terhadap Variasi Bahasa Kolokial pada Kalangan Remaja Indonesia (kajian Etonolinguistik)
Authors: Andriyana Andriyana , Iswatiningsih Daroe , Mahmud Jenal , Yulianti Ode Evi , Trang Ton Thi Thuy
Published: April 2021

ABSTRAK: Pada saat ini para remaja tidak dapat dilepaskan dari teknologi dan media sosial menjadi wadahnya. Di antaranya, Tiktok saat ini sangat gemari kalangan remaja, karena media sosial ini adalah tempat untuk mereka mengekspresikan dirinya dan juga sebagai tempat untuk berkomunikasi. Terdapat variasi atau ragam bahasa yang ada dalam menggunakan media sosial Tiktok. Keragaman tersebut hadir karena beberapa faktor - faktor sosial dan faktor situasi yang menyebabkan variasi bahasa dalam bermedia sosial Tiktok semakin beragam saat ini. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah analisis pengaruh Tiktok Terhadap Variasi Bahasa Kolokial pada remaja dan teman sejawat. Masalah yang diajukan dalam penelitian ini adalah "Bagaimana pengaruh tiktok pada bahasa kolokial remaja?" dan objek kajian adalah siswa SMA 1 Kejayan Jawa Timur dan Mahasiswa Universitas Kuningan Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode campuran yaitu pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah varasi bahasa Kolokial yang ditemukan dalam  dalam media sosial Tiktok: Anomatope, Pronomina dan Kalimat.KATA KUNCI: sosiolinguistik; variasi bahasa; variasi bahasa kolikial; aplikasi tiktokTiktok Against Colloquial Language Variation among Indonesian Adolescents (Ethnolinguistic Study) ABSTRACT: Nowadays young people cannot be separated from technology and social media. One of the social media platforms that has a major influence on Indonesian teenagers is Tiktok which is currently very popular with young people because this is a place for them to express themselves and also a place to interact with others. There are variants of the existing language and a new language formed when using Tiktok. This linguistic diversity occurs due to a number of social and situational factors that make the language variation on the social network - Tiktok more and more diverse. This research aims to analyze the influence of TikTok on colloquial change in adolescents and their peers. The problem posed in this study is "How does TikTok affect colloquial change among adolescents?" and the study subjects were third-class students on SMA 1 Kejayan East Java and students in Kuningan University, West Java. This research uses mixed methods research, namely quantitative and qualitative approaches. The results of this research are the colloquial variations found on the social network TikTok including onomatopoeia, pronouns, and sentences.KEYWORDS: sociolinguistics, language variation, daily language variation (colicial), TikTok application
Improving the competitiveness of post-Soviet integrated national economies
Authors: Abramov Valerii Leonidovich , Lapenkova Natalya Vladimirovna
Published: April 2021

The subject of this research is the international competitiveness of post-Soviet national economies, within the framework of a new integration association in the post-Soviet space – the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). In the context of studying the competitiveness of the member-states of international regional integration associations, the authors analyze and conditionally divide the scientific and theoretical reserve of Russian and foreign scholars into several key vectors of research. The article formulates the approaches towards assessing the impact of integration processes upon the competitiveness of national economies of the EAEU member-states. For the analysis of competitiveness of the participant countries in the integration alliance, the authors applied the methodology of the Global Competitiveness Index of the World Economic Forum. The competitiveness of participant countries of the alliance was examined in accordance with the eight main criteria: the effectiveness of state institutions, infrastructure, the level of macroeconomic stability, development of financial markets, effectiveness of goods and services market, effectiveness of the job market, development of human capital, and assessment of innovation activity. The conclusion is made that all the countries participating in post-Soviet integration association indicate positive dynamics in their international competitiveness, although its level differs considerably. The approach towards assessing the impact of integration upon the competitiveness is formulated. It is noted that the achievement of higher level of competitiveness is impeded by macroeconomic instability of the national economies of post-Soviet space. Recommendations are given in the formation of their competitive advantages within the framework of the integration union.
Liposomal amphotericin B is more effective in polymorphic lesions of post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis
Authors: Moulik Srija , Sengupta Ritika , Ghosh Manab Kumar , Das Nilay Kanti , Saha Bibhuti , Chatterjee Mitali
Published: April 2021

Background:

Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is thought to be the reservoir of infection for visceral leishmaniasis in South Asia. The development of strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of PKDL are important for the implementation of the visceral leishmaniasis elimination program.

Aims:

Liposomal amphotericin B (L-AMB) has been an overwhelming success in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis. However, the empirical three-week regimen of L-AMB proposed for PKDL was shown to be inadequate, especially in the macular variant. This study aimed to delineate response of the different variants of PKDL to L-AMB.

Methods:

Skin biopsies were collected from PKDL cases at disease presentation and upon completion of treatment with L-AMB. Parasite DNA was detected by Internal Transcribed Spacer-1 PCR (ITS-1 PCR) and quantified by amplification of parasite kDNA. CD68 + macrophages were estimated in tissue sections by immunohistochemistry.

Results:

Treatment with L-AMB decreased the parasite load by 97% in polymorphic cases but only by 45% in macular cases. The median parasite load (89965 vs 5445 parasites/μg of genomic DNA) as well as infiltration by CD68+ cells before treatment was much greater in the polymorphic cases.

Limitations:

Although monitoring of the parasite load for 12 months post-treatment would have been ideal, this was not possible owing to logistical issues as well as the invasive nature of biopsy collection procedure.

Conclusion:

A dramatic decrease in the parasite burden was noted in patients with polymorphic lesions. Although patients with macular disease also had a decrease in parasite burden, this was not as marked as in the polymorphic cases. There was also a significantly greater infiltration of CD68 + macrophages in polymorphic PKDL before therapy.
Dermatology practice in the times of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Vashisht Deepak , Neema Shekhar , Venugopalan Ruby , Pathania Vikas , Sandhu Sunmeet , Vasudevan Biju
Published: April 2021

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is implicated in the ongoing pandemic across the globe since December 2019. It was first notified by China from Wuhan on 31 December 2020 and transmission to healthcare workers was first reported on 20 January 2020. Human-to-human transmission is mainly by droplet infection. At present no effective vaccine is available. Our speciality needs to collectively address the urgent issue of risk of transmission in dermatology practice. A case series of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) from Wuhan described that 41.3% of their patients may have acquired the infection from the hospital. Of all the infected health care workers, 77.5% worked in general wards and departments. These data highlight the significant risk of nosocomial transmission of COVID-19 and also the higher risk in general wards and departments compared to the emergency room or intensive care unit. Dermatology patients are generally seen in clinics and in outpatient departments in hospitals. Patients wait together in the waiting area, intermingle and then are seen by the physician in their chamber. This can cause transmission of the pathogen among patients and from patient to physician. Social distancing, hand hygiene and the use of personal protective equipment are important for preventing the spread of infection and dermatology practices also have to incorporate these aspects. Telemedicine is becoming an important tool for the management of dermatology patients in these times. At-risk patients in dermatology also need to be given priority care. Protocols for the use of immunosuppressants and biologics in dermatology during the pandemic are being developed.
Novel drug delivery strategies and gene therapy regimen as a promising perspective for management of psoriasis
Authors: Sawarkar Sujata Pralhad , Yadav Vijay
Published: April 2021

Psoriasis is an autoimmune disorder; however, an exact underlying mechanism responsible for psoriasis is yet not known. A hypothesis put forward is an abnormal proliferation of keratinocytes due to faulty signals brought about by T-cells. Due to the lack of evidence of the exact cause, a variety of treatments have been used of which topical therapy is usually the first option in most patients. Topical therapy has several shortcomings and barriers of drug delivary which may be effectively overcome using novel drug carrier systems which exhibit maximum penetration, controlled release, reduced irritancy and, overall, a better efficacy. Thus, novel treatment strategies based on gene therapy such as antisensing nucleotide, silencing RNA complex, stem cell therapy and antibody-based therapy are being envisaged. This review article discusses the concepts and background of current novel delivery systems and gene therapy tools for effective management of psoriasis.
Angiotropic melanocytes: Possibly a distinctive finding in extra-facial acquired dermal melanocytosis
Authors: Singh Saurabh , Elhence Poonam
Published: April 2021

Background:

Acquired dermal melanocytosis is a heterogenous group of hyperpigmented lesioins which predominantly involve the face.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to study the clinical presentation and histopathology of cases with extra-facial acquired dermal melanocytosis.

Methods:

Retrospective record analysis was performed between May 2016 to August 2019 to retrieve cases of extra-facial acquired dermal melanocytosis seen at the out-patient department of dermatology at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur. Consecutive cases with histopathologically proven diagnosis of acquired dermal melanocytosis were included. Documentation of variation in clinical presentation and histopathologic findings was done in light of the existing literature.

Results:

Overall, four cases of extra-facial acquired dermal melanocyosis (female:male = 1:3) were seen during the study period. The lone case on head and neck involved the ear lobule and peri-auricular area. The other three cases had involvement of the hand. The histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of dermal melanocytosis but revealed peculiar findings of angiotropic melanocytes and dilated capillaries.

Limitations:

Small sample size and lack of comparison with perilesional normal skin were the limitations of this study.

Conclusion:

The findings of angiotropic melanocytes may be unique to extra-facial acquired dermal melanocytosis. This might indicate interaction between dermal melanocytes and capillary endothelial cells. This finding along with dermal capillary ectasia may indicate a possible role for vascular lasers in the management of these disorders.
PENGARUH INDIKATOR MAKROEKONOMI TERHADAP KINERJA KEUANGAN BANK UMUM SYARIAH PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Saputri Oktoviana , Hannase Mulawarman
Published: April 2021

Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh indikator makroekonomi terhadap kinerja keuangan bank syariah di tengah kondisi pandemi Covid-19. Indikator makroekonomi yang digunakan adalah inflasi, suku bunga, Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan (IHSG) dan nilai tukar Rupiah terhadap Dolar Amerika. Objek penelitian menggunakan rasio komposit 14 Bank Syariah di Indonesia yaitu, rasio CAR, NPF Net, BDR, ROA, NOM, BOPO, FDR dan STM. Rasio tersebut dinilai mampu menginterpretasikan aspek permodalan, kualitas aktiva produktif, rentabilitas dan likuiditas bank syariah. Data berupa time-series bulanan Januari-November 2020, sehingga diperoleh 132 objek observasi, pengolahan data menggunakan metode regresi linier berganda. Hasil regresi parsial diperoleh output inflasi dan suku bunga berpengaruh signifikan terhadap NPF Net, ROA, NOM, BOPO dan STM, serta indikator IHSG berpengaruh signifikan terhadap BDR. Berdasarkan regresi simultan diperoleh hasil variabel independen berpengaruh signifikan terhadap NPF Net (kualitas aktiva produktif), dan seluruh rasio faktor rentabilitas (ROA, NOM dan BOPO) serta rasio STM (likuiditas). Namun, indikator makroekonomi secara simultan berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap CAR, BDR (kualitas aktiva produktif) dan FDR (likuiditas). Secara umum, disimpulkan bahwa selama masa pandemi Covid-19, indikator makroekonomi memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap profitabilitas bank syariah, namun berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap aspek permodalan, aspek kualitas aktiva produktif (BDR) dan aspek likuditas (FDR) bank syariah.
UPAYA TEORITIS PENANGGULANGAN KENAKALAN ANAK (JUVENILE DELIQUENCY)
Authors: Akmal Latief Syahrul , Zulherawan Muhammad
Published: April 2021

Current technological developments have had a lot of bad effects on children, causing child delinquency and lately we often hear news about children, both children as victims and as perpetrators of delinquency. To solve the problem of children's delinquency must be done and based on a comprehensive understanding of the causes. So this article aims to discuss the causes of child delinquency from both the theoretical and conceptual perspectives as well as the scope of law and methods for dealing with child delinquency in Indonesia. The problem of juvenile delinquency continues to increase based on data from the KPAI of the Republic of Indonesia showing that there were 11,492 cases of delinquency and violating the law in 2019 so that several approaches are needed to prevent and overcome current juvenile delinquency which is mostly done through a repressive approach so that appropriate methods and approaches to address juvenile delinquency problems must be carried out based on a deep understanding of the causes of juvenile delinquency.
FAKTOR PENYEBAB PERILAKU SODOMI PADA REMAJA (STUDI DI LEMBAGA PEMBINAAN KHUSUS ANAK PEKANBARU)
Authors: Weddy Viva Febrya Ingrid
Published: April 2021

Deviant behavior of sodomy is not only did by man but also did by adolescents. Sodomies in young age would serving their punishment at the Children Correctional Institution (LPKA), which was previously called children correctional institution. This research was conducted to determine what factors are behind the sodomy behavior in adolescents. The research was conducted in January-March 2020, located in LPKA Pekanbaru, Penitentiary street No.04, Muara Fajar, Rumbai sub district, Pekanbaru City, Riau. This research used descriptive qualitative method. Data obtained qualitatively and will present in a descriptive way. The research subjects were two children assisted by inmates with sodomy cases. Subject characteristics consist of: 1) age about 15 years old, 2) last education on Primary School and 3) sodomy cases. Data collection were done by observation, in-depth interviews and documentation. Data analysis used triangulation, which analyzed the results of interviews between subjects, LPKA officers and the subject's family. The results of this research found that the factors causing adolescents to do sodomy are: 1. Lack of parental supervision, 2. Previous perpetrators were victims of sodomy committed by adults and felt vengeful so that they took it out on younger children, 3. Cause of porn videos of homo sexual that watched by the perpetrators.
Covid-19 Pandemi Sürecinde Spor Yapan Bireylerin Serbest Zaman Motivasyonlarının İncelenmesi
Authors: GÜRER Burak
Published: April 2021

Bu çalışmada, Covid-19 pandemi sürecinde rekreatif olarak spor yapan bireylerin serbest zaman motivasyonları ve bu süreçte hangi sporlara yöneldiklerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla Pelletier ve ark., (1991) tarafından geliştirilen, ilk kez Mutlu (2008) tarafından daha sonra Güngörmüş (2012) tarafından geçerlik güvenirlik çalışması yapılarak Türkçe’ye uyarlanan “Serbest Zaman Motivasyon Ölçeği” veri toplama aracı olarak kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada rastgele örneklem yöntemi ile seçilmiş 291 (138 kadın, 153 erkek) sporcu katılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde Independent Samples t test ve Tek yönlü (One way) Anova testi kullanılmıştır. Gruplar arası farklılığı ortaya koymak için Post Hoc LSD testi yapılmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre yaş, cinsiyet, sporcu lisansı ve yapılan spor branşı değişkenlerine göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunamamıştır. Eğitim durumu değişkeninde motivasyonsuzluk alt boyutunda istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir sonuca rastlanmıştır. Sonuçta lisans mezunlarının serbest zaman etkinliklerinde motivasyon seviyelerinin düşük olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Ayrıca daha çok doğa sporu etkinliklerine ve bireysel sporlara yönelim olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
Traffic, Drugs, Mental Health, and Disinfectants: Changes in Sewage Sludge Chemical Signatures During a COVID-19 Community Lockdown
Authors: Nason Sara , Lin Elizabeth , Eitzer Brian D. , Koelmel Jeremy P. , Peccia Jordan
Published: April 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic and related shutdowns have caused changes in everyday activities for many people, and signs of those changes are present in the chemical signatures of sewage sludge produced during the pandemic. We analyzed primary sewage sludge samples from a wastewater treatment plant in New Haven, CT USA collected between March 19 and June 30, 2020. This time period encompassed the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, the initial statewide stay at home order, and the first phase of reopening. We used liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry and targeted and suspect screening strategies to identify contaminants in the sludge. We and found evidence of increasing opioid, cocaine, and antidepressant use, as well as upward trends in chemicals used in disinfectants and sunscreens during the study period. Benzotriazole, an anti-corrosion chemical associated with traffic pollution, decreased through the stay-at-home period, and increased during reopening. Hydroxychloroquine, a drug that received significant attention for its potential to treat COVID-19, had elevated concentrations in the week following the implementation of the United States Emergency Use Authorization. Our results directly relate to nationwide reports of increased demand for fentanyl, antidepressants, and other medications, as well as reports of increased drug overdose deaths during the pandemic. Though wastewater surveillance during the pandemic has largely focused on measuring SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations, chemical analysis can also show trends that are important for revealing the public and environmental health effects of the pandemic.
Chemical Compositions in Modified Salinity Waterflooding of Carbonate Reservoirs -- Experiment
Authors: Yutkin Maxim , Radke Clayton J. , Patzek Tadeusz
Published: April 2021

Modified or low-salinity waterflooding of carbonate oil reservoirs is of considerable economic interest because of potentially inexpensive incremental oil

production. The injected modified brine changes the surface chemistry of the carbonate rock and crude oil interfaces and detaches some adhered crude oil.

Composition design of the modified brine to enhance oil recovery is determined by labor-intensive trial-and-error laboratory corefloods. Unfortunately, limestone,

which predominantly consists of aqueous-reactive calcium carbonate, alters injected brine composition by mineral dissolution/precipitation. Accordingly, the rock reactivity

hinders rational design of the tailored brine to improve oil recovery.

Previously, we presented a theoretical analysis of 1D, single-phase brine injection into calcium carbonate-rock that accounts for mineral dissolution, ion

exchange, and dispersion (Yutkin et. al 2021). Here we present the results of single-phase waterflood-brine experiments that verify the theoretical framework. We show that concentration histories eluted from Indiana limestone cores possess features characteristic of fast calcium

carbonate dissolution, 2:1 ion exchange, and high dispersion. The injected brine reaches chemical equilibrium inside the porous rock even at

injection rates higher than 1000 ft/day. Ion exchange results in salinity waves observed experimentally, while high dispersion is responsible for long

concentration history tails.

Using the verified theoretical framework, we briefly explore how these processes modify aqueous-phase composition during the injection of designer brines into a calcium-carbonate reservoir. Because of high salinity of the initial and injected brines, ion exchange affects injected concentrations only in

high surface area carbonates/limestones, such as chalks. Calcium-carbonate dissolution only affects aqueous solution pH. The rock surface composition is affected by all processes.