bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental and Theoretical Elucidation of Metal‐Free Sulfur and Nitrogen Co‐Doped Porous Carbon Materials with an Efficient Synergistic Effect on the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Shu Yasuhiro , Takada Yuya , Takada Ryuji , Taniguchi Yurika , Miyake Koji , Uchida Yoshiaki , Kong Chang Yi , Nishiyama Norikazu
Published: May 2023

Metal‐free carbon‐based catalysts have attracted significant attention owing to their unique electronic structure and excellent catalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Recently, several heteroatom‐doped carbon catalysts with ORR performances comparable with those of state‐of‐the‐art Pt‐based catalysts have been reported. However, the intrinsic influence of heteroatoms on the catalytic activity has not been thoroughly investigated to date. This paper reports porous carbons co‐doped with N and S, prepared using an ion‐exchange resin and tetramethylammonium cations, with an onset potential of 0.93 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and a half‐wave potential of 0.79 V versus RHE. First‐principles calculations reveal that the change in the atomic charge caused by the co‐doping of N and S is important for inducing a high ORR activity. This paper presents a rational synthetic strategy for metal‐free catalysts and provides fundamental insights into their electrocatalysis.
Dual Coil Patterned Ultra‐Thin Silicon Film Enable by Double‐Sided Process
Authors: Son ChangHee , Lee Sangyeop , Ferreira Placid M. , Kim Seok
Published: May 2023

Double‐sided microfabrication process on an ultra‐thin silicon film has rarely been attempted due to the challenges in terms of the preparation and handling of a thin film in spite of its promising fabrication potentials. Such a process allows for doubling the thin film device density or providing dual functionalities for a thin film depending on whether the front and back sides of a thin film are processed identically or distinctively. Here, a novel double‐sided thin film processing strategy is introduced by realizing a dual coil patterned ultra‐thin silicon film that is working as an actuating or energy harvesting system. Experimentally, a dual coil patterned thin film enabled using the introduced approach shows remarkably enhanced device performance when compared with a single coil patterned counterpart. Furthermore, a multiphysics simulation model is developed and the resultant modeling data validate the experimentally measured performance enhancement. Finally, the structural durability of the thin film upon cyclic loading is tested and its diverse vibration modes are investigated.
Rationally Designed Eco‐Friendly Solvent System for High‐Performance, Large‐Area Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules
Authors: Kim Young Yun , Bang Su‐Mi , Im Jino , Kim Geunjin , Yoo Jason J. , Park Eun Young , Song Seulki , Jeon Nam Joong , Seo Jangwon
Published: May 2023

The important but remained issue to be addressed to achieve the mass production of perovskite solar modules include a large‐area fabrication of high‐quality perovskite film with eco‐friendly, viable production methods. Although several efforts are made to achieve large‐area fabrication of perovskite, the development of eco‐friendly solvent system, which is precisely designed to be fit to scale‐up methods are still challenging. Herein, this work develops the eco‐friendly solvent/co‐solvent system to produce a high‐quality perovskite layer with a bathing in eco‐friendly antisolvent. The new co‐solvent/additive, methylsulfonylmethane (MSM), efficiently improves the overall solubility and has a suitable binding strength to the perovskite precursor, resulting in a high‐quality perovskite film with antisolvent bathing method in large area. The resultant perovskite solar cells showed high power conversion efficiency of over 24% (in reverse scan), with a good long‐term stability under continuous light illumination or damp‐heat condition. MSM is also beneficial to produce a perovskite layer at low‐temperature or high‐humidity. MSM‐based solvent system is finally applied to large‐area, resulting in highly efficiency perovskite solar modules with PCE of 19.9% (by aperture) or 21.2% (by active area) in reverse scan. These findings contribute to step forward to a mass production of perovskite solar modules with eco‐friendly way.
3D Macroporous Frame Based Microbattery With Ultrahigh Capacity, Energy Density, and Integrability
Authors: Yang Wei , Xu Lin , Luo Wen , Li Ming , Hu Ping , Dai Yuhang , Ye Fazhi , Han Chunhua , Zhou Minxuan , Tu Rong , Shi Ji , Mai Liqiang
Published: May 2023

In‐plane microbatteries (MBs) with features of facile integration, mass customization, and especially superior electrochemical performance are urgently required for self‐powered microelectronic devices. In this work, a facile manufacturing process is employed to fabricate Zn–MnO2 MB with a 3D macroporous microelectrode. Benefiting from the high electron/ion transport path of 3D macroporous microelectrode and high mass‐loading of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)‐manganese dioxide (PEDOT‐MnO2) film, the MB achieves an ultrahigh capacity of 0.78 mAh cm−2 and an outstanding areal energy density of 1.02 mWh cm−2. Moreover, 3D macroporous PEDOT‐MnO2 hybrid film is achieved by one‐step electrodeposition, which effectively improves the cycling performance without reducing areal capacity or hindering the ion diffusion. Notably, the MB can stably drive an electronic timer for ≈400 min or be integrated and operated on the surface of a digital hygro‐thermometer. The MBs are capable of operating stably in the high rotation speed and vibration condition, such as applied on the surface of an axial‐flow fan. Moreover, the MB can integrate by stacking the substrate‐free microelectrodes and achieving outstanding energy density of 3.87 mWh cm−2. Therefore, the PEDOT‐MnO2//Zn MB has good prospects as a next‐generation component applied in self‐powered microelectronic devices.
A homozygous Gly470Ala variant in PEX6 causes severe Zellweger spectrum disorder
Authors: Galarreta Carolina I. , Wong Karen , Carmichael Jason , Woods Jeremy , Tise Christina G. , Niehaus Annie D. , Schildt Alison J. , Verscaj Courtney P. , Cusmano‐Ozog Kristina P.
Published: May 2023

Zellweger spectrum disorder (ZSD) is a group of autosomal recessive disorders caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in any one of the 13 PEX genes essential for peroxisomal biogenesis. We report a cohort of nine infants who presented at birth with severe neonatal features suggestive of ZSD and found to be homozygous for a variant in PEX6 (NM_000287.4:c.1409G > C[p.Gly470Ala]). All were of Mixtec ancestry and identified by the California Newborn Screening (NBS) Program to have elevated C26:0‐lysophosphatidylcholine but no reportable variants in ABCD1. The clinical and biochemical features of this cohort are described within. Gly470Ala may represent a founder variant in the Mixtec population of Central California. ZSD should be considered in patients who present at birth with severe hypotonia and enlarged fontanelles, especially in the setting of an abnormal NBS, Mixtec ancestry, or family history of infant death. There is a need to further characterize the natural history of ZSD, the Gly470Ala variant, and expand upon possible genotype–phenotype correlations.
Palladium‐catalyzed Asymmetric Oxycarbonylation of Internal Z‐Alkenes
Authors: Shao Changyu , Hou Chuanqi , Chen Pinhong , Peng Haihui , Liu Guosheng
Published: May 2023

Herein we reported the first enantioselective acetoxycarbonylation of internal (Z)‐alkenes, featuring with a sterically hindered Quinox ligand. The desired acetoxyester products, which could be easily transformed into various biologically important molecules, were obtained in moderate to good yields and excellent enantioselectivities, along with good functional groups compatibility. Further transformations of these acetoxyesters into natural product analogous demonstrated the synthetic utility and application of this method.
Covalently Linked Hexakis(m‐Phenylene Ethynylene) Macrocycles as Molecular Nanotubes
Authors: Wu Cheng‐Yan , Su Shilong , Zhang Xi , Liu Rui , Gong Bing , Lu Zhong‐Lin
Published: May 2023

The construction of nanotubular structures with non‐deformable inner pores is of both fundamental and practical significance. Herein we report a strategy for creating molecular nanotubes with defined lengths. Macrocyclic (MC) units based on shape‐persistent hexakis(m‐phenylene ethynylene) (m‐PE) macrocycle MC‐1, which are known to stack into hydrogen‐bonded tubular assemblies, are tethered by oligo(β‐alanine) linkers to give tubular stacks MC‐2 and MC‐4 that have two and four MC units, respectively. The covalently linked MC units in MC‐2 and MC‐4 undergo face‐to‐face stacking through intramolecular non‐covalent interactions that further results in the helical stacks of these compounds. Oligomer MC‐4 can form potassium and proton channels across lipid bilayers, with the channels being open continuously for over 60 seconds, which is among the longest open durations for synthetic ion channels and indicates that the thermodynamic stability of the self‐assembling channels can be drastically enhanced by reducing the number of molecular components involved. This study demonstrates that covalently tethering shape‐persistent macrocyclic units is a feasible and reliable approach for building molecular nanotubes that otherwise are difficult to create de novo. The extraordinarily long lifetimes of the ion channels formed by MC‐2 and MC‐4 suggest the likelihood of constructing the next‐generation synthetic ion channels with unprecedented stability.
Geometric Isomerisation of Bifunctional Alkenyl Fluoride Linchpins: Stereodivergence in Amide and Polyene Bioisostere Synthesis
Authors: Wienhold Max , Kweon Byeongseok , McLaughlin Calum , Schmitz Matthias , Zähringer Till J. B. , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Kerzig Christoph , Gilmour Ryan
Published: May 2023

Amide groups are pervasive across the chemical space continuum, where their structural and pharmacological importance, juxtaposed with the hydrolytic vulnerabilities, continues to fuel bioisostere development. Alkenyl fluorides have a venerable history as effective mimics (Ψ[CF=CH]) owing to the planarity of the motif and intrinsic polarity of the C(sp2)−F bond. However, emulating the s‐cis to the s‐trans isomerisation of a peptide bond with fluoro‐alkene surrogates remains challenging, and current synthetic solutions only enable access to a single configuration. Through the design of an ambiphilic linchpin based on a fluorinated β‐borylacrylate, it has been possible to leverage energy transfer catalysis to affect this unprecedented isomerisation process: this provides geometrically‐programmable building blocks that can be functionalised at either terminus. Irradiation at λmax=402 nm with inexpensive thioxanthone as a photocatalyst enables rapid, effective isomerisation of tri‐ and tetra‐substituted species (up to E/Z 98 : 2 in 1 h), providing a stereodivergent platform for small molecule amide and polyene isostere discovery. Application of the methodology in target synthesis and initial laser spectroscopic studies are disclosed together with crystallographic analyses of representative products.
Dynamic Covalent Self‐sorting in Molecular and Polymeric Architectures Enabled by Spiroborate Bond Exchange
Authors: Xu Qiucheng , Wang Xubo , Huang Shaofeng , Hu Yiming , Teat Simon J. , Settineri Nicholas S. , Chen Hongxuan , Wayment Lacey J. , Jin Yinghua , Sharma Sandeep , Zhang Wei
Published: May 2023

Self‐sorting is commonly observed in complex reaction systems, which has been utilized to guide the formation of single major by‐design molecules. However, most studies have been focused on non‐covalent systems, and using self‐sorting to achieve covalently bonded architectures is still relatively less explored. Herein, we first demonstrated the dynamic nature of spiroborate linkage and systematically studied the self‐sorting behavior observed in the transformation between spiroborate‐linked well‐defined polymeric and molecular architectures, which is enabled by spiroborate bond exchange. The scrambling between a macrocycle and a 1D helical covalent polymer led to the formation of a molecular cage, whose structures are all unambiguously elucidated by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The results indicate that the molecular cage is the thermodynamically favored product in this multi‐component reaction system. This work represents the first example of a 1D polymeric architecture transforming into a shape‐persistent molecular cage, driven by dynamic covalent self‐sorting. This study will further guide the design of spiroborate‐based materials and open the possibilities for the development of novel complex yet responsive dynamic covalent molecular or polymeric systems.
Amphiphilic Polymer Hydrogel‐supported Catalysts: Tuning the Accessibility to the Catalytic Site by Molecular Jacketing
Authors: Gayen Arun Kumar , Perala Suresh Kumar , Schauenburg Dominik , Weil Tanja , Ramakrishnan S.
Published: May 2023

Crosslinked amphiphilic hydrogels, prepared using a peripherally clickable hyperbranched polyester (HBP) and PEG‐diazides of different molecular weights, were used to ligate Cu utilizing the triazole rings formed by the alkyne‐azide click reaction. Since only a fraction of the peripheral propargyl groups in the HB polyester are needed to generate the crosslinked polymer, the remaining were clicked with different types of azides, such as MPEG azide, decyl azide or 4‐methylbenzyl azide, to create a molecular jacket around the catalytic sites that can potentially influence the catalytic activity and reaction outcome. The crosslinked films ligated with Cu functioned very effectively to catalyse alkyne‐azide click reactions, both in water and in organic solvents; the nature of the molecular jacket around the catalytic site had a clear influence the reaction rate, which depended upon the relative solubilities of the reactants. The gel‐supported catalyst films were reused multiple times with little loss in catalytic activity.
Multi‐AGV route planning in automated warehouse system based on shortest‐time Q‐learning algorithm
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Chen Juan , Zhao Wenbing
Published: May 2023

Route planning for automated guided vehicles (AGVs) is one of the key factors that affects work efficiency of automated storage and retrieval systems (AS/RSes). Route planning plays an important role in the operation of AGVs. Since the characteristic of AS/RSes is chessboard‐like, the environment is more complex than traditional route planning environments because the number of nodes is large, more than one shortest route exists between two nodes, and the routes with the shortest distance may not be the most energy‐saving routes. Although the traditional route planning algorithms such as the classical Q‐learning algorithm can work well in AGV route planning, it also has some limitations. This paper proposes a novel multi‐AGV route planning approach to solving the AGV route planning problem in the chessboard‐like warehouse, which can improve the route planning efficiency greatly. First, by combining adjacency matrix and reward matrix, we propose a low‐dimensional adjacency‐reward matrix for route planning. This algorithm improves the efficiency of classical Q‐learning algorithms and accelerates dynamic route planning significantly. We further improve the algorithm by considering the travel directions to minimize the number of turns in the route and additionally by considering whether the AGV is loaded or not and plan routes accordingly. Finally, we propose a multi‐AGV online collision‐free route planning algorithm based on these considerations for dynamic route planning for multi‐AGVs operating in a large‐scale warehouse. The proposed algorithms are validated with several case studies.
Brief report: Publications from mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan in behavioral journals 1980–2021
Authors: Lee Gabrielle T. , Jiang Yitong , Hu Xiaoyi
Published: May 2023

Research involving international research communities has been advocated in the field of behavior analysis (Dymond et al., 2000; Martin et al., 2016). The purpose of the present study was to report the status of behavioral research in mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan, in terms of number of publications, types of research, and frequency of collaboration with international researchers. Fifteen behavioral journals were selected from the list by Cooper et al. (2020). These were searched by hand to find publications conducted in or authored by researchers from mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan dating from each journal's inception to December 2021. The earliest publication we found appeared in 1980 in The Psychological Record. Over the following four decades (1980–1989; 1990–1999; 2000–2009; 2010–2021), the number of publications per decade increased dramatically and continues in recent years to rise. Publications include research reports, review papers, and conceptual articles, with the majority being basic research reports published in Behavioral Processes. Approximately half the publications involve collaboration with international researchers, mostly in North America. Implications for behavioral research, practice, and policy in mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan are discussed.
Plasma‐activated medium triggers immunomodulation and autophagic activity for periodontal regeneration
Authors: Wang Shengfang , Wang Peiyu , Thompson Rik , Ostrikov Kostya , Xiao Yin , Zhou Yinghong
Published: May 2023

Periodontitis is an infection‐induced inflammation, evidenced by an increase in inflammatory macrophage infiltration. Recent research has highlighted the role of plasma‐activated medium (PAM) as a regulator of the innate immune system, where macrophages are the main effector cells. This study therefore aims to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of PAM on macrophages and its potential applications for periodontitis management. PAM was generated using an argon jet and applied to culture macrophages. Proinflammatory macrophage markers were significantly reduced after PAM stimulation, and this was correlated with the activation of autophagy via the Akt signaling pathway. Further investigations on the proregenerative effects of PAM‐treated macrophages on periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) revealed a significant increase in the expression of osteogeneis/cementogenesis‐associated markers as well as mineralization nodule formation. Our findings suggest that PAM is an excellent candidate for periodontal therapeutic applications.
Dimethylbutyrylated Dibenzocyclooctadiene Lignans from the Fruits of Schisandra cauliflora Inhibit NO Production in LPS‐Activated RAW264.7 Cells
Authors: Yen Pham Hai , Hoang Nguyen Huy , Nhiem Nguyen Xuan , Thanh Huong Phan Thi , Dung Duong Thi , Cuc Nguyen Thi , Cuong Nguyen The , Thanh Bui Van , Tai Bui Huu , Kiem Phan Van
Published: May 2023

From the fruits of Schisandra cauliflora, five new dimethylbutyrylated dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans, named schisandracaurins A−E, were isolated using separation and chromatographic techniques. Their structures were determined by extensive analyses of HR‐ESI‐MS, NMR, and ECD spectra. The schisandracaurins A−E potentially inhibited NO production in LPS‐activated RAW264.7 cells with their IC50 values from 21.4 to 30.3 μM.
Schizencephaly diagnosed after an episode of seizure during labor: A case report
Authors: Paudel Kusum , Prasad Tanisha , Gyawali Prashant , Nepal Gaurav , Jaiswal Vikash
Published: May 2023

Schizencephaly, an extremely rare anomaly of the cortex, is characterized by abnormal clefts in the cerebral cortex. Very often, this condition is diagnosed early in the childhood period but few instances exist in literature where schizencephaly‐associated seizures and hemiparesis have presented later in life too. Here, we report a rare case scenario of a lady in her late 30s who initially presented to us with obstetric concerns wherein schizencephaly remained an incidental finding despite the significantly large cortical cleft along with lobar holoprosencephaly and lissencephaly.
Porphyrins Anchored onto Colour Catcher®: Photoactive Material for the Conversion of Amines into Imines and Aldehydes into Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Damiano Caterina , Cavalleri Matteo , di Natale' Corrado , Paolesse Roberto , Gallo Emma
Published: May 2023

A new photoactive material was obtained by the heterogenization of zinc(II) porphyrin onto cellulose‐based Colour Catcher® sheet. The so‐obtained Zn(porphyrin)@CC material performed very well in activating molecular oxygen in the photooxidative coupling of amines to imines and the photooxidation of aldehydes to corresponding acids in the presence of white light. The high eco‐compatibility of the solid support, the chemical stability of the photoactive material and the mild experimental conditions applied confer a very good sustainability to the procedure and open the doors to a larger employment of Colour Catcher®‐based porphyrin material in reactions mediated by light.
Cannabicitran: Its unexpected racemic nature and potential origins
Authors: Wood Jared S. , Gordon William H. , Morgan Jeremy B. , Williamson R. Thomas
Published: May 2023

Cannabicitran is a cannabinoid found in levels up to ~10% in commercial “purified” cannabidiol (CBD) extracts. The structure of this natural product was first reported more than 50 years ago. However, few studies have investigated cannabicitran or its origin despite the rapidly increasing interest in the use of cannabinoids for the treatment of a wide range of physiological conditions. Following on a recent detailed NMR and computational characterization of cannabicitran, our group initiated ECD and TDDFT studies aimed at unequivocally determining the absolute configuration of cannabicitran present inCannabis sativaextracts. To our surprise, we discovered the natural product was racemic, raising questions around its presumed enzymatic origin. Herein, we report the isolation and absolute configuration of (−)‐cannabicitran and (+)‐cannabicitran. Several possible scenarios for production of the racemate in the plant and/or during extract processing are discussed.
NTRK gene aberrations in triple‐negative breast cancer: detection challenges using IHC, FISH, RT‐PCR, and NGS
Authors: Zito Marino Federica , Buono Simona , Montella Marco , Giannatiempo Rosa , Messina Francesco , Casaretta Giovanni , Arpino Grazia , Vita Giulia , Fiorentino Francesco , Insabato Luigi , Sgambato Alessandro , Orditura Michele , Franco Renato , Accardo Marina
Published: May 2023

Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is usually an aggressive disease with a poor prognosis and limited treatment options. The neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) gene fusions are cancer type‐agnostic emerging biomarkers approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), USA, for the selection of patients for targeted therapy. The main aim of our study was to investigate the frequency of NTRK aberrations, i.e. fusions, gene copy number gain, and amplification, in a series of TNBC using different methods. A total of 83 TNBCs were analyzed using pan‐TRK immunohistochemistry (IHC), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), and RNA‐based next‐generation sequencing (NGS). Of 83 cases, 16 showed pan‐TRK positivity although no cases had NTRK‐fusions. Indeed, FISH showed four cases carrying an atypical NTRK1 pattern consisting of one fusion signal and one/more single green signals, but all cases were negative for fusion by NGS and RT‐PCR testing. In addition, FISH analysis showed six cases with NTRK1 amplification, one case with NTRK2 copy number gain, and five cases with NTRK3 copy number gain, all negative for pan‐TRK IHC. Our data demonstrate that IHC has a high false‐positive rate for the detection of fusions and molecular testing is mandatory; there is no need to perform additional molecular tests in cases negativity for NTRK by IHC. In conclusion, the NTRK genes are not involved in fusions in TNBC, but both copy number gain and amplification are frequent events, suggesting a possible predictive role for other NTRK aberrations.
A Phase 1, Open‐Label, Fixed‐Sequence, Drug–Drug Interaction Study of Zanubrutinib with Rifabutin in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Tariq Bilal , Conto Stephanie , Cohen Aileen , Sahasranaman Srikumar , Ou Ying C.
Published: May 2023

Zanubrutinib is a second‐generation Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is primarily metabolized by CYP3A enzymes. Previous drug–drug interaction (DDI) studies have demonstrated that co‐administration of zanubrutinib with rifampin, a strong CYP3A inducer, reduces zanubrutinib plasma concentrations, potentially impacting activity. The impact of the co‐administration of zanubrutinib with less potent CYP3A inducers is unclear. This phase 1, open‐label, fixed‐sequence DDI study evaluated the pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of zanubrutinib when co‐administered with steady‐state rifabutin, a known CYP3A inducer less potent than rifampin, in 13 healthy male volunteers (NCT04470908). Co‐administration of zanubrutinib with rifabutin resulted in a less than 2‐fold reduction of zanubrutinib exposures. Overall, zanubrutinib was well tolerated. The results of this study provide useful information for the evaluation of the DDI between rifabutin and zanubrutinib. In conjunction with safety and efficacy data from other clinical studies, these results will be taken into consideration to determine the appropriate dose recommendation of zanubrutinib when co‐administered with CYP3A inducers.
Simulation of the Influence Mechanism of Hydrothermal Modification on Magnesium Hydroxide
Authors: Shi Xiaoyan , Chen Hang , Sun Yuzhu , Song Xingfu
Published: May 2023

To overcome the drawbacks of strong polarity and easy agglomeration of ordinary magnesium hydroxide (MH), hydrothermal modification is customary applied to achieve its excellent dispersion as well as controllable morphology and particle size. In this paper, the influence mechanism of hydrothermal modification is elaborated from microstructure of MH. Structures and surface energy of crystal planes, affinity of water molecules for crystal planes, and crystal growth process are calculated by Materials Studio software. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations about solid–liquid interface model of MH and 1 mol L−1 NaOH solution at different temperatures are performed based on the theory of modified attachment energy model. The results indicate that (0 0 1) plane with the smallest surface energy has the strongest thermodynamic stability, equipping modified crystals with lamellar morphology and excellent dispersion. (0 0 1) plane cannot be dissolved easily because of the smallest affinity of water molecules. The magnesium atoms and hydroxyl groups on (1 0 1) plane dissolved are absorbed on (0 0 1) plane, resulting in the large value of I001/I101 in the X‐ray diffraction pattern. The relative growth rate of (1 0 1) plane R101 decreases with the increasing temperature,  explaining why crystals become thicker with raising temperature.
Shaping a sustainable future: The impact of board gender diversity on clean energy use and the moderating role of environmental, social and governance controversies
Authors: Issa Ayman
Published: May 2023

This study investigates how gender‐diverse boards are related to the adoption of clean energy and examines whether environmental, social, and governance (ESG) controversies have an impact on this link. The study analyzes 2395 firm‐year observations from 13 European countries from 2006 to 2021. Drawing on the gender socialization theory and diversity theory, the research reveals a favorable effect of board gender diversity on a company's utilization of clean energy. It also demonstrates that ESG controversies play a significant role in moderating this relationship. Furthermore, the study affirms the critical mass theory by indicating that companies with at least three female board members exhibit a greater use of clean energy. The findings are robust to various methods, such as controlling for endogeneity problems, propensity score matching, sub‐sample analysis, and alternative econometric models. This study's implications are important for stakeholders, policymakers, and managers. It suggests that having a gender‐diverse board can increase the adoption of clean energy, benefiting a company's reputation and attractiveness to stakeholders. Policymakers can use these findings to design policies that encourage gender diversity on boards and achieve environmental goals, while managers can make informed decisions about board composition and clean energy adoption.
Therapeutic approach in heart failure with poor diuretic response: peripheral ultrafiltration vs. conventional treatment
Authors: López‐Vilella Raquel , Guerrero Cervera Borja , Sánchez‐Lázaro Ignacio , Donoso Trenado Víctor , Soldevila Orient Amparo , Devesa Such Ramón , Martínez Dolz Luis , Sánchez Pérez Pilar , Almenar Bonet Luis
Published: May 2023

Aims

Patients with heart failure (HF) admitted for decompensation often require high doses of intravenous diuretics. This study aims to analyse whether the use of peripheral ultrafiltration (UF) in patients hospitalized for acute HF with systemic‐predominant congestion results in better hydric control, renal protection, and reduction of hospital stay compared with conventional treatment.

Methods and results

This study was a retrospective, comparative, single‐centre study of 56 patients admitted for HF with systemic congestion with a poor diuretic response after diuretic escalation. One group underwent peripheral UF (35 patients) and others were maintained on intense diuretic treatment (control group, 21 patients). The diuretic response and days of hospital stay were compared between and within groups. The baseline characteristics of both groups were similar: males with right ventricular failure and renal dysfunction. The inter‐group analysis showed that patients who received UF had better glomerular filtration rate (GFR; UF: 39.2 ± 18.2 vs. control: 28.7 ± 13.4 mL/min; P = 0.031) and higher diuresis (UF: 2184 ± 735 vs. control: 1335 ± 297 mL; P = 0.0001) at hospital discharge despite less need for diuretic drugs. Days of hospital stay were shorter in the UF group (UF: 11.7 ± 10.1 vs. control: 19.1 ± 14.4 days; P = 0.027). Intra‐group analysis showed that patients receiving UF improved GFR, increased diuresis, and reduced weight at discharge (P < 0.001), whereas patients on conventional treatment only experienced improved weight but worsening renal function at discharge.

Conclusions

In patients with acute HF with systemic congestion and diuretic resistance, UF compared with conventional treatment produces greater decongestion and renal protection, reduces the total diuretic load, and shortens the length of hospital stay.
Silver‐Catalyzed and Silver‐Promoted Reactions of Isocyanides
Authors: Wang Yeming , Zhang Chaoqun , Li Shizhe , Liu Lihui , Feng Xiaodong , Liu Gang
Published: May 2023

In recent years, the silver‐catalyzed and silver‐promoted isocyanide reactions have attracted much attention, due to its efficiency in the formation of diverse new bonds and good reaction selectivity. A series of highly useful linear or cyclic compounds have been constructed. In this review, the recent progress in this field is described in the sequence of synthesis of five‐membered heterocyclic compounds, synthesis of six‐membered heterocyclic compounds, synthesis of fused cyclic compounds as well as synthesis of linear nitrogen‐containing compounds.
A hierarchical Bayesian non‐asymptotic extreme value model for spatial data
Authors: Stolf Federica , Canale Antonio
Published: May 2023

Spatial maps of extreme precipitation are crucial in flood prevention. With the aim of producing maps of precipitation return levels, we propose a novel approach to model a collection of spatially distributed time series where the asymptotic assumption, typical of the traditional extreme value theory, is relaxed. We introduce a Bayesian hierarchical model that accounts for the possible underlying variability in the distribution of event magnitudes and occurrences, which are described through latent temporal and spatial processes. Spatial dependence is characterized by geographical covariates and effects not fully described by the covariates are captured by spatial structure in the hierarchies. The performance of the approach is illustrated through simulation studies and an application to daily rainfall extremes across North Carolina (USA). The results show that we significantly reduce the estimation uncertainty with respect to state of the art techniques.
Maternal diet quality and nutrient intakes across preconception and pregnancy are not consistent with Australian guidelines: Results from the pilot BABY1000 study
Authors: Maneschi Katie , Geller Taryn , Collins Clare E. , Gordon Adrienne , Grech Allison
Published: May 2023

Background and objective: Maternal nutrition has profound and lasting effects on growth and health from infancy into adulthood. The aim of this manuscript was to assess diet quality and nutrient adequacy in preconception and pregnancy in BABY1000 pilot study participants (n = 171). Study design and methods: The Australian Eating Survey (AES) Food Frequency Questionnaire was administered to women based in Sydney, Australia, at preconception or 12 weeks' gestation (n = 158), and again at 36 weeks' gestation (n = 99). Primary outcomes were diet quality and nutrient intake. Diet quality was evaluated using the AES diet quality subscale, the Australian Recommended Food Score (ARFS). Nutrient intakes were compared to Australian Nutrient Reference Values. Diet quality and nutrient intakes were not consistent with Australian recommendations. Over 83% of women exceeded the suggested target limits for percentage energy from saturated fat. Median ARFS was 37 at baseline, and 38 in late pregnancy (maximum score 73). Inadequate micronutrient intakes from food were common; no participants met the Estimated Average Requirement for iron, 76%–84% for iodine, 70%–78% for calcium and 44%–50% for folate. Maternal diet quality and nutrient intakes in the current sample are inconsistent with pregnancy recommendations and therefore may not be supporting optimal perinatal or long‐term offspring health. Stronger messaging around the importance of prenatal nutrition, prevalence of dietary inadequacy, and availability of reliable support and information specific to nutrition in pregnancy is crucial in supporting women to improve their nutrition both before and during pregnancy.
Early Cretaceous tectonic transition in South China: Insights from felsic igneous rocks and mafic dikes, eastern Guangdong Province
Authors: Yao Wei , Liu Peng , Jiang Chengyao
Published: May 2023

Large‐scale magmatic activity and associated mineralization in South China are linked to the subduction of the palaeo‐Pacific Plate, although specific processes have remained controversial including the timing of subduction initiation and lithospheric extension. We present new geochemical data and zircon U–Pb and Lu–Hf isotope measurements on volcanic rocks, granites and mafic dikes from coastal south‐eastern China along the Eurasian continental margin. The biotite monzogranites show I–type granitoid affinity and fractional crystallization with zircon εHf(t) values ranging from −10.15 to +0.50, suggesting magma derivation from the melting of lower crust with the addition of juvenile crustal or mantle components. The biotite granites are typical of highly fractionated A‐type granites with εHf(t) values ranging from −3.63 to +1.35, indicating magma hybridization between anatectic granitic and mantle‐derived mafic magmas. The diabase dikes have zircon εHf(t) values ranging from −2.99 to +1.71, with high La/Nb and La/Ta ratios. This suggests derivation from partial melting of a lithospheric mantle metasomatized by fluid from a subducting–slab, with contributions of depleted asthenospheric mantle components. Our data, combined with those from previous studies, suggest that the shallow subduction of the palaeo–Pacific Plate beneath the Eurasian continent had begun by ca. ~170 Ma at least and the subduction orientation changed to oblique with respect to the continental margin. Steepening of the subduction angle likely caused a slab rollback during the Early Cretaceous, resulting in a tectonic transition from compression to extension in South China at ca. 145 Ma.
Clinical and epidemiological profile of ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction patients in a megacity of west of Iran
Authors: Janjani Parisa , Motevaseli Sayeh , Salimi Yahya , Bavandpouri Sousan Mahmoudi , Ziapour Arash , Salehi Nahid , Karami Sahar
Published: May 2023

Background and Aims

Low‐ and middle‐income nations account for at least three‐quarters of cardiovascular disease deaths worldwide. This study aimed to obtain real knowledge about ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients and provide the context for developing a principles for care quality improvement.

Method

This cross‐sectional study was conducted from July 2018 through December 2019. The study sample consisted of1169 eligible patients based on inclusion criteria. The data were collected using the standard EROP and three specialized, trained questionnaires. The collected data were checked by the quality control officer and analyzed using Stata Version 14.

Results

Patient baseline characteristics showed that body mass index, low‐density lipoprotein, high‐density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were higher in women. Also, females recorded a considerable history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia compared to men. The results also showed that most men were smokers (46.80%). Aspirin (94.27%), statins (91.48%), and clopidogrel (90.68%) were the common medications used at hospital discharge for patients.

Conclusion

The present study suggests that identifying and managing modifiable risk factors can improve cardiovascular disease outcomes. Also, considering the early identification of STEMI patients with new therapies can effectively decrease the rate of cardiovascular disease and its attributed health outcomes.
Barriers to HPV vaccine uptake in adolescents of the indigenous Andean community of Peru
Authors: De La Cruz‐Ramirez Yuliana Mercedes , Olaza‐Maguiña Augusto Felix
Published: May 2023

Synopsis

There are cultural and institutional barriers to HPV vaccine uptake in Peruvian indigenous adolescents, highlighting the presence of myths and distrust towards vaccines and health personnel.
Guide to equine exotic vectorborne diseases and their risks to UK horses
Authors: Whitlock Fleur , Colgate Victoria , Newton Richard
Published: May 2023

Background: Infectious diseases remain a constant threat to human and animal populations, with the potential for far‐reaching and diverse impacts on health, welfare, trade, livelihoods and the economy. Over recent years, many infectious diseases have increased in incidence and geographical range and this is the result of a multitude of factors, of which population expansion, globalisation and climate change are notable. With increased international connectivity, emergence and re‐emergence of exotic diseases have arisen on multiple occasions in the UK.

Aim of the article: This article reviews the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, control and prevention of the key equine vectorborne diseases. It also outlines the surveillance initiatives in place for detection of these diseases, and the current risk status they pose to the UK equine population.
Uncertainty in phosphorus fluxes and budgets across the US long‐term agroecosystem research network
Authors: Welikhe Pauline , Williams Mark R. , King Kevin , Bos Janae , Akland Mark , Baffaut Claire , Beck E. Glynn , Bierer Andrew , Bosch David D. , Brooks Erin S. , Buda Anthony R. , Cavigelli Michel , Faulkner Joshua , Feyereisen Gary W. , Fortuna Ann‐Marie , Gamble Joshua. , Hanrahan Brittany R. , Hussain Mir Zaman , Kovar John L. , Lee Brad , Leytem April B. , Liebig Mark A. , Line Daniel , Macrae Merrin L. , Moorman Thomas B. , Moriasi Daniel , Mumbi Rose , Nelson Nathan , Ortega‐Pieck Aline , Osmond Deanna , Penn Chad , Pisani Oliva , Reba Michele L. , Smith Douglas R. , Unrine Jason , Webb Pearl , White Kate E. , Wilson Henry , Witthaus Lindsey M.
Published: May 2023

Phosphorus (P) budgets can be useful tools for understanding nutrient cycling and quantifying the effectiveness of nutrient management planning and policies; however, uncertainties in agricultural nutrient budgets are not often quantitatively assessed. The objective of this study was to evaluate uncertainty in P fluxes (fertilizer/manure application, atmospheric deposition, irrigation, crop removal, surface runoff, and leachate) and the propagation of these uncertainties to annual P budgets. Data from 56 cropping systems in the P‐FLUX database, which spans diverse rotations and landscapes across the United States and Canada, were evaluated. Results showed that across cropping systems, average annual P budget was 22.4 kg P ha−1 (range = −32.7 to 340.6 kg P ha−1), with an average uncertainty of 13.1 kg P ha−1 (range = 1.0–87.1 kg P ha−1). Fertilizer/manure application and crop removal were the largest P fluxes across cropping systems and, as a result, accounted for the largest fraction of uncertainty in annual budgets (61% and 37%, respectively). Remaining fluxes individually accounted for <2% of the budget uncertainty. Uncertainties were large enough that determining whether P was increasing, decreasing, or not changing was inconclusive in 39% of the budgets evaluated. Findings indicate that more careful and/or direct measurements of inputs, outputs, and stocks are needed. Recommendations for minimizing uncertainty in P budgets based on the results of the study were developed. Quantifying, communicating, and constraining uncertainty in budgets among production systems and multiple geographies is critical for engaging stakeholders, developing local and national strategies for P reduction, and informing policy.
Synthesis of Chromeno[2,3‐b]quinoline derivatives via ZnCl2‐Mediated three‐component reaction of 2‐Aminochromenones, benzaldehydes and Cyclohexane‐1,3‐dione
Authors: Gan Jianbo , Zhou Wenyan , Shen Xinliang , Wang Cunde
Published: May 2023

A novel ZnCl2‐promoted three‐component reaction strategy for the synthesis of hexahydrochromeno[2,3‐b]quinoline derivatives via the Aldol condensation/Michael addition/cycloaddition/dehydration cascade reaction of 2‐amino‐4H‐chromen‐4‐ones, aromatic aldehydes, and cyclohexane‐1,3‐dione was investigated. This procedure is environmentally friendly, highly efficient, and has a broad scope. The structures of the products obtained were determined based on x‐ray diffraction studies.
Opportunities to improve diagnosis in emergency transfers to the pediatric intensive care unit
Authors: Mehta Sanjiv D. , Congdon Morgan , Phillips Charles A. , Galligan Meghan , Hanna Christina M. , Muthu Naveen , Ruiz Jenny , Stinson Hannah , Shaw Kathy , Sutton Robert M. , Rasooly Irit R.
Published: May 2023

Background

Late recognition of in‐hospital deterioration is a source of preventable harm. Emergency transfers (ET), when hospitalized patients require intensive care unit (ICU) interventions within 1 h of ICU transfer, are a proximal measure of late recognition associated with increased mortality and length of stay (LOS).

Objective

To apply diagnostic process improvement frameworks to identify missed opportunities for improvement in diagnosis (MOID) in ETs and evaluate their association with outcomes.

Design, Settings, and Participants

A single‐center retrospective cohort study of ETs, January 2015 to June 2019. ET criteria include intubation, vasopressor initiation, or 60 mL/kg fluid resuscitation 1 h before to 1 h after ICU transfer. The primary exposure was the presence of MOID, determined using SaferDx. Cases were screened by an ICU and non‐ICU physician. Final determinations were made by an interdisciplinary group. Diagnostic process improvement opportunities were identified.

Main Outcome and Measures

Primary outcomes were in‐hospital mortality and posttransfer LOS, analyzed by multivariable regression adjusting for age, service, deterioration category, and pretransfer LOS.

Results

MOID was identified in 37 of 129 ETs (29%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 21%–37%). Cases with MOID differed in originating service, but not demographically. Recognizing the urgency of an identified condition was the most common diagnostic process opportunity. ET cases with MOID had higher odds of mortality (odds ratio 5.5; 95% CI 1.5−20.6; p = .01) and longer posttransfer LOS (rate ratio 1.7; 95% CI 1.1–2.6; p = .02).

Conclusion

MOID are common in ETs and are associated with increased mortality risk and posttransfer LOS. Diagnostic improvement strategies should be leveraged to support earlier recognition of clinical deterioration.
Increase in summer precipitation over the Sichuan Basin in recent decades and possible causes
Authors: Nie Yanbo , Sun Jianqi
Published: May 2023

A wet‐to‐dry shift in summer over the Sichuan Basin (SCB) during the late 20th century was noticed by previous studies. However, this study found that summer precipitation over SCB significantly increases during the past two decades, with an abrupt change point around 2011/2012. An anomalous cyclone over Lake Baikal, accompanied by an anticyclone over southern China, is responsible for the increase in SCB precipitation by inducing anomalous upper‐level divergence, mid‐level ascending motion and moisture convergence. Such atmospheric circulation anomalies are closely associated with the sea surface temperature (SST) warming over the Barents–Kara Sea (BKS). Observational analyses and model experiments indicate that the SST warming over the BKS warms local atmosphere and weakens meridional air temperature gradients over northern Asia and induces local anomalous easterlies, which further induce the anomalous cyclone over Lake Baikal that favours SCB precipitation. Additionally, the inhomogeneous warming over Europe increases local meridional air temperature gradients, enhances atmospheric baroclinicity and intensifies local transient eddy activities over central Europe. The intensified transient eddy activities generate negative geopotential height tendency anomalies over northern Europe, which can further excite a Rossby wave train that directly influences SCB precipitation, and can warm the atmosphere above the Kara Sea that indirectly influences SCB precipitation. This study can deepen our understanding of the interdecadal variability of summer precipitation over the SCB.
Storylines for future changes of the North Atlantic jet and associated impacts on the UK
Authors: Harvey Ben , Hawkins Ed , Sutton Rowan
Published: May 2023

Climate projections for the UK exhibit substantial uncertainty, and this uncertainty is a hindrance to robust and timely decision making on both adaptation and mitigation policy issues. A large part of the uncertainty is associated with dynamical changes of the regional atmospheric circulation rather than thermodynamic changes which are better constrained by model simulations. Of particular importance for the UK is the extent to which the North Atlantic jet will change over coming decades and the impact this will have on weather and climate in the region. In this article, we propose the use of jet‐based storylines for assessing and communicating uncertainty in climate projections for the UK, wherein changes in each impact are explicitly conditioned on changes in the North Atlantic jet. This approach provides a framework for evaluating the impacts associated with a range of plausible future climate outcomes for the UK, including outcomes that may not be well represented in the current generation of climate models, and for communicating these potential outcomes. We construct a simple yet useful set of future jet storylines for both summer and winter and for 2°C and 4°C global warming levels and illustrate the utility of the approach by evaluating the impact of each jet storyline on future changes in UK precipitation. In doing so, we demonstrate that the relationships between the jet and UK precipitation are consistent between observed interannual variability and projected changes. This finding increases our confidence in projecting changes in UK precipitation associated with each storyline.