bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Healing Effect Between Fibrin Gel Complex Bone Morphological Protein and Reconstituted Bone Xenograft After Reconstruction of Sports Ligament Injury
Authors: Liu Xia , Lu Fuxiang
Published: May 2022

To study the effect of fibrin gel complex bone morphological protein (FG-BMP) and RBX on the healing of tendon-bone interface. 51 live rabbits were selected, and 51 rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups: FG-BMP, RBX and control groups. Bilateral ACL reconstruction was performed
in 51 rabbits, with different biomaterials injected at the tendon-bone interface, and none applied in the FG-BMP, RBX, and control groups. Material extraction, imaging examination, histological analysis, and biomechanical tests were conducted at 2 weeks after surgery, 6 weeks later, and 12
weeks after surgery, respectively. The tendon-interbone growth rate of rabbits using FG-BMP biomaterials and RBX biomaterials was significantly improved in the FG-BMP and RBX groups compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Histological results showed that all rabbits in the RBX
group were surrounded by newborn bone tissue around the tendon-bone transplantation tendon and had a significantly greater number of newborn bone tissue than in the FG-BMP group (P < 0.05). The biomechanical test results showed that the two groups of FG-BMP biomaterials improved
the maximum tension compared with the control group (P < 0.05), where the RBX tension, the difference was significant (P < 0.05), and the FG-BMP group although higher than the control group (P > 0.05). Conclusion: In the comparison of promoting tendon-bone interface
healing, FG-BMP biomaterials and RBX biomaterials have significant results, especially RBX materials have obvious advantages in accelerating tendon-bone interface healing.
Application of Nano-Biomaterials Scaffold in Postoperative Nursing Care of Orthopedic Fractures
Authors: Suo Na , Yang Rui , Zhang Xiao-Dan , Wang Wei , Wei Ti
Published: May 2022

This article detects the drug-carrying capacity of the new chitosan/silk fibroin/nano-hydroxyapatite multilayer composite scaffold and analyzes its efficacy in postoperative care of orthopedic fractures. The article uses animal experiments for comparative analysis. All animals undergo
fracture model establishment. One group uses nano three-dimensional scaffold materials loaded with antibiotics, one group is pure nano three-dimensional scaffold materials, and the last group is without any implantation treatment. Finally, it was found that the fracture recovery of the three
groups of animals was different. In particular, all the antibiotic-loaded nano three-dimensional scaffold material group indicators are better than the other two groups. For this reason, we conclude that the new chitosan/silk fibroin/nano-hydroxyapatite multilayer composite scaffold has a
strong drug-carrying capacity. The stent is worthy of clinical promotion and use in orthopedics.
Overexpression of Metastasis-Associated in Colon Cancer 1-Antisense RNA 1 (MACC1-AS1) in Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMSCs) Inhibits miR-145-5P and Promotes Chemotherapy Resistance of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Du Shanshan , Yang Junna , Cao Xingwei , Jiang Lili , Zu Mingli , Zhao Qingchao
Published: May 2022

BMSCs have the potential of multipotent differentiation. This study aimed to investigate the interaction between MACC1-AS1 and miR-145-5P in BMSCs and their effect on chemotherapy resistance in colorectal cancer (CRC). BMSCs extracted from mouse marrow were transfected with MACC1-AS1
mimic, or MACC1-AS1 NC (control group). CRC cells were treated wtih gemcitabine and then co-cultured with BMSCs to measure cell viability and invasiveness by MTT and Transwell assay, along with analysis of the expression of MACC1, miR-145-5P, HGF, C-met, P-gp, and MRP. Successful isolation
of BMSCs was confirmed by flow cytometry with positive expression of CD44, CD105, and CD90 (purity > 95%). Functionally, overexpression of MACC1-AS1 in BMSCs increased CRC cell viability and invasion, attenuated the inhibitory effect of gemcitabine (p < 0.05). Up-regulation of
MACC1-AS1 (9.23±1.21) as demonstrated by RT-qPCR, resulted in a decline of miR-145-5P expression (4.23±1.22) in CRC cells (p < 0.05). In addition, overexpression of MACC1-AS1 increased the expression of HGF, C-met, and multidrug resistance-associated proteins (P-gp,
and MRP). In conclusion, overexpression of MACC1-AS1 in BMSCs inhibits miR-145-5P expression to promote colorectal cancer cell progression possibly via activating HGF/C-met pathway and inducing resistance to chemotherapy.
Effects of Adrenomedullin (ADM)-Modified Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMSCs) Transplantation on Cardiac Function and Matrix Metalloproteinase Levels in Rats with Heart Failure
Authors: Qi Yujuan , Wu Zhenhua , Bai Yaobang , Jiao Yan , Li Peijun
Published: May 2022

After ADM gene treatment, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were transplanted into rats with heart failure to study its effect on rat heart function and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) expression. The rats were assigned into control group, BMSCs group and ADM group. 4 weeks
after transplantation, the rats’ cardiac function indexes were detected and the levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was measured by western blot. Echocardiography analysis showed significant differences between groups (except LVDd) (P < 0.05). BMSCs and ADM groups had significantly lower
LVEF and LVFS levels than control group (P < 0.05) with a significantly higher level in ADM group than BMSCs group (P < 0.05). However, BMSCs and ADM groups presented a significantly higher LVDs (P < 0.05) without difference between them (P > 0.05).
Interestingly, no difference of LVDd was found among groups (P > 0.05). MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels in BMSCs group were 0.389±0.021, 0.512±0.018, respectively, which were significantly elevated compared to control group (P < 0.05); MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein level
in the ADM group was 0.440±0.018 and 0.539±0.032 respectively, which was significantly higher than control group (P < 0.05). Compared with BMSCs group, ADM group had significantly increased protein levels of MMP-2/9 (P < 0.05). In conclusion, ADM-modified
BMSCs transplantation can significantly inhibit MMP-2 and MMP-9 level, thereby improving the heart function of rats with heart failure.
Resveratrol Glycosides Impede Microglial Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Rats for Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Li Peng , Liu Yang , Li Jiadi , Sun Yuwei , Wang Haipeng
Published: May 2022

Spinal cord injury (SCI) usually occurs after severe trauma, which can lead to detrimental and unpredictable secondary diseases, including dyskinesia, paraplegia and even quadriplegia, resulting in seriously reduced quality of life among these patients. Oxidative damage is one of the
major pathogenic factors of SCI. Resveratrol biologically exerts a significant antioxidant activity by increasing the levels of antioxidants and sequentially scavenging free radicals, so as to protect multiple organs from damage. This study investigates whether resveratrol can function as
a protective mediator in SCI and the underlying mechanisms, aiming to provide a theoretical hint for the treatment of SCI. After establishment of SCI model in rats, serial doses of resveratrol were administrated. Afterwards, the therapeutic effects of resveratrol glycosides were evaluated
by analyzing the motor function, spinal cord edema, cellular apoptosis and oxidative reaction in rats. Eventually, the potential mechanisms of resveratrol glycosides were studied via Western blotting. Our results showed that the pro-apoptosis proteins were highly expressed in the spinal cord
tissue of rats after SCI. In comparison with healthy rats, those with SCI exhibited significant widespread dead neurons, glial cell apoptosis, oxidative stress and more serious functional defects. Nevertheless, resveratrol glycosides can ameliorate oxidative stress, inhibit the apoptosis of
glial cells and neuronal death after SCI. Importantly, it can induce the activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signal transduction pathway that mediated the alleviation of SCI in rats. Resveratrol can improve motor dysfunction after SCI, which may be a result of its anti-oxidation and anti-apoptotic
effects via modulating the Nrf2 signal transduction pathway of microglia, which provides a new idea for the treatment of SCI.
Optimization of ZnO Nano Particles Preparation and Its Performance as Electron Transfer Layer in Quantum Light-Emitting Diode
Authors: Hu Deming , Chen Kun , Yang Liang , Cao Chunyan , Xie An , Zhang Qingsong , Zhang Qin
Published: May 2022

In this paper, different diameters ZnO Nano Particles (ZnO NPs) are prepared through wet chemistry method. The size effects on Quantum light-emitting diodes (QLED) performance are investigated. In addition, the influences of reaction temperature, reaction time and reactant ratio on
ZnO size and performance of QLED are also studied. Transmission electron microscope (TEM), Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) absorption spectra and photoluminescence (PL) spectra are employed to analyze the influence of preparation conditions on optical properties of the ZnO NPs packaged
QLED. The results show that 2.5 nm ZnO NPs can be obtained at 25 °C for 6 hours when the Zn2+:OH- ratio is 1:1. In comparison to the 5 nm ZnO QLED, the EQE of the 2.5 nm ZnO QLED has increased from 1% to 7.8%, and the brightness has increased from 8000 to 13000 cd/m2.
When ZnO NPs solution concentration is 30 mg/ml and spin speed is 4000 rpm, the optimal turn-on voltages and luminous intensity of QLED can also be attained.
Multimode Coordination Control Method for Microgrid Cluster Based on Adaptive Power Control and Routing Algorithm
Authors: Chen Xia
Published: May 2022

Aiming at the coordinated control problem caused by distributed energy belonging to different agents, a multimode coordinated control method of microgrid group based on adaptive power control and routing algorithm is studied. According to the characteristics of microgrid group, a method
combining adaptive power control with routing algorithm is proposed to predict the channel interference of nodes and select the next hop of nodes. The nodes adjust their power to adapt to their own surrounding environment to ensure the maximum throughput of microgrid under the minimum channel
interference; on this basis, a multi-agent system is introduced to establish the energy’s intelligent coordinated control strategy of multi microgrid, a three-layer coordinated control system framework is designed, and the solution process of regional autonomy and global collaborative
optimal control is proposed. The results show that the proposed multimode coordination control strategy can be used to optimize the multi microgrid scheduling in grid connected and islanded modes. The energy storage system can obtain better economic benefits in the economic optimal mode, while
the longest life mode can reduce the economic benefits in order to ensure the smooth operation of the energy storage system.
Total Ionizing Dose Effects of the Color Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) Image Sensor at Different Bias
Authors: Yang Zhikang , Wen Lin , Li Yudong , Liu Bingkai , Fu Jing , Feng Jie , Cui Yihao
Published: May 2022

The experiments of total ionizing dose radiation effects on color CMOS image sensors at different biases were presented. Two bias conditions operated during 60Co γ irradiation, biased and unbiased. In the data processing, the data of four channels were extracted
according to the sequence of Bayer array respectively to study the difference between each channel. The full well capacity and dark signal non-uniformity versus the cumulative doses were investigated. After γ-ray irradiation, the full well capacity of the samples decreased along with
dark signal non-uniformity increased. Meanwhile, the descending amplitude of full well capacity was different in each channel, but the variation of dark signal non-uniformity was almost consistent. Moreover, the degradations of full well capacity and dark signal non-uniformity were more seriously
under-biased.
Electron Beam Emission System for Space Welding Based on Indirectly-Heated Bombardment Cathode
Authors: Liu Xiaomeng , Dong Quanlin , Chen He , Wang Pengfei
Published: May 2022

An electron beam emission system developed for space welding and consisting of an indirectly-bombardment cathode fabricated using LaB6 was studied to improve the working life of the space welding electron gun. The energy transfer model of the indirectly-heated bombardment
cathode was established based on the cooling effect of thermionic emission and the bombardment heating structure. The efficiency of the energy transfer model was verified by conducting emission tests and the differences between the test and theoretical values were analyzed. The designed electron
beam emission system could emit 500 mA beam current in a stable manner at an acceleration voltage of 20 kV, and the diameter of the beam spot was less than 400 μm. The structure, indirectly heated by electron bombardment, exhibited a stable performance, could stabilize the working
temperature of the cathode by exploiting the bombardment beam, and the total heating efficiency of the system could reach 76.04%.
Connection-Adjustable Network Slicing Process for Heterogeneous Service Handling in Real-Time Applications
Authors: Saad Aldosary , Fouad Hassan , Alginahi Yasser M. , Said Wael
Published: May 2022

The use of fiber optics in computer networks improves the data handling rate and aids in high-level real-time application support for different user categories. Design and modeling of optical communications for computer networks requires difficult slicing and connectivity process for
preventing signal losses. In this article, a Connection-Adjustable Network Slicing (CANS) process is introduced to prevent signal losses due to heterogeneous application support. The proposed process identifies service demands and the actual network transmit capacity for acknowledging services.
The optical features are improved using the recommended learning preferences in order to achieve high service delivery. In the amplification process, the infrastructure support and slicing delays are accounted for preventing signal losses. To improve network stability with low-level computer
networks, the service-to-loss forecast is predicted using recommendation learning. Therefore, the proposed process’s performance is validated using the metrics service latency, slicing rate, service sharing ratio, and outage.
Structural and Infrared Spectral Modulation Properties of a CuNiAg Alloy/Ni—Ag-Doped Cu4O3 One-Dimensional Photonic Crystal
Authors: Li Yongqing , Wang Qun , Jin Xin , Yu Yunfei
Published: May 2022

To develop a new material with low emissivity in the range of the 3–5 μm band, the present work reports a CuNiAg alloy/Ni—Ag-doped Cu4O3 one-dimensional photonic crystal prepared by reactive sputtering and correlates the effect of nickel and
silver on the structural and infrared spectral properties. The morphology, structure and infrared spectral properties of the CuNiAg alloy/Ni—Ag-doped Cu4O3 1DPC were studied by FESEM, XRD, and an IR-2 dual-wavelength emissivity instrument. The doping of Ni and Ag
impeded phase formation, and the Cu2O and Cu4O3 phases only appeared under the same process conditions. The doped elements caused lattice contraction and decreased the thickness of the 1DPC, which was the most important factor affecting the emissivity. The
results of the emissivity measurement showed that the single period film thickness of Cu80Ni15Ag5/Ni-Ag-doped Cu4O3 was close to 280 nm, and the number of periods was 2–4. Therefore, the Cu80Ni15Ag5/Ni-Ag-doped
Cu4O3 1DPC had good selective infrared properties with an average emissivity of less than 0.1 in the 3–5 μm band and larger than 0.94 in the 8–14 μm band; thus, this 1DPC is expected to be used as an infrared spectral modulation material.
Role of Thermodynamics and Dynamics in the Diurnal Cycle, Propagation, and Progression of Convective Storms in the Eastern Flank of the Indian Monsoon Trough
Authors: Jha Abhishek Kumar , Das Subrata Kumar , Krishna U. V. Murali , Deshpande Sachin M.
Published: May 2022

This study investigates the diurnal cycle, propagation, and progression of convective storms (CSs) on the eastern edge of India’s monsoon trough (MT) using 9 years of S-band radar measurements with satellite and reanalysis datasets. CSs initiate over ocean during midnight–early morning hours and propagate onshore in succeeding hours. CSs exhibit two semidiurnal peaks, one during afternoon hours over inland areas and another during midnight–early morning hours in oceanic/coastal locations. The deep and intense afternoon peak over inland regions is attributed to land surface heating and associated destabilization. The weak and shallower but organized midnight–morning peak and propagation of CSs toward the coast are attributed to the nocturnal land breeze and its interaction with prevailing onshore flow. The observed lead–lag of a few hours in the diurnal cycle of different cumulus modes correspond to the transition of congestus into deep and then, often, into overshooting modes. Moisture budget analysis showed atmospheric regulation of this transition through thermodynamic (congestus moistening) and dynamic processes (vertical advection). Theoretical time scales were invoked to estimate the relative role of vertical advective versus congestus moistening for promoting the afternoon transition from congestus to deeper modes. Comparing the time scales for congestus moistening (18–46 h) and dynamics (3 h) with the actual transition time scales (2–4 h) reveal that congestus moistening is too slow to explain the observed lead–lag in CS modes. Though both thermodynamic and dynamic processes moisten the midlevel prior to deep/overshooting convection, vertical advection is the dominant dynamic process for the observed congestus–deep–overshooting transition.

Significance Statement

Tropical rainfall is usually linked with convection in the morning and afternoon hours. We look at the basic physical processes that lead to those convective activities peaks. The afternoon peak is linked to maximum heating, resulting in an unstable environment, whereas the morning peak is linked to the interaction of large-scale monsoon flow with a land breeze. Furthermore, daily solar heating visually shows a shallow-to-deep progression of convection. The moist midlevel environment was shown to precede such convective development in a day. The large-scale monsoon flow is a dominant cause of this moistening. The monsoon dynamic flow takes roughly 2–3 h to sufficiently moist shallow storms into deep storms, whereas the local thermodynamic moistening process takes about 18–46 h.
A Satellite Climatology of Relative Humidity Profiles and Outgoing Thermal Radiation over Earth’s Oceans
Authors: Abraham Carsten , Goldblatt Colin
Published: May 2022

Satellite observations over Earth’s oceans show two distinct regimes in the relationship between sea surface temperatures (SST) and outgoing longwave radiation (OLR): a temperate regime (OLR increases with increasing SST quasi linearly) and the super greenhouse regime (OLR decrease with increasing SST). Transitions between these regimes occur via nonlinear atmospheric moistening, increasing relative humidity (RH). We perform a clustering analysis of about 450 million satellite-retrieved RH profiles and show that RH profiles over Earth’s oceans can be grouped into six and eight distinct and physically meaningful “primitive” classes for clear-sky and all-sky conditions, respectively. As the different RH-profile classes have distinct effects on OLR, can be associated with large-scale dynamical structures, and their occurrence is particular to different global ocean regions, the “primitive” clustering allows for studying large-scale radiative effects important for characterizing global climates and systematic relationships between SST, OLR, and atmospheric water vapor content. In both clear-sky and all-sky conditions three RH-profile classes correspond to the tropics. In the tropics, increasing SSTs are accompanied by systematic increases in both the occurrence probability and the observed RH magnitudes of the moistest RH-profile classes. Observations of moistest RH-profile classes are usually in a super greenhouse state (data in or likely to transition into the super greenhouse regime), and the formal characterization of them allows us to define an empirical threshold to identify which instantaneous observations are likely in a super greenhouse state. Applying this threshold we are able to identify typical regions in the super greenhouse regime.
On the Influence of Surface Latent Heat Fluxes on Idealized Extratropical Cyclones
Authors: Demirdjian Reuben , Doyle James D. , Finocchio Peter M. , Reynolds Carolyn A.
Published: May 2022

An analysis of the surface latent heat flux (SLHF) influence on the accumulated precipitation associated with an idealized extratropical cyclone using the Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System is presented. There are two distinct precipitation regions found to be strongly influenced by the SLHF, referred to as the primary maximum and the cold-frontal precipitation. A substantial reduction by approximately 30 mm (35%) and 15 mm (75%) is observed in the accumulated precipitation of the two regions, respectively, when the SLHF is eliminated domain wide at 96 h—the starting time of the most rapid cyclone deepening. The source of this reduction is investigated by systematically controlling the SLHF in three cyclone sectors, which are the low-latitude, baroclinic, and high-latitude sectors. The precipitation in the primary maximum is most strongly controlled by the baroclinic sector, which experiences strong upward SLHF due to its dry environmental air. In contrast, the precipitation in the cold-frontal zone is most strongly controlled by the low-latitude sector, which experiences only a moderate amount of upward SLHF into the already warm and moist boundary layer air. The results underscore the crucial role of SLHF and boundary layer processes in precipitation predictions and demonstrate the need for accurate forecasts of air–sea temperature contrast, surface level winds, and moisture to properly simulate air–sea interactions.
GPM Ground Validation at NASA Wallops Precipitation Research Facility
Authors: Pabla Charanjit S. , Wolff David B. , Marks David A. , Wingo Stephanie M. , Pippitt Jason L.
Published: May 2022

The Wallops Precipitation Research Facility (WPRF) at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Wallops Island, Virginia, has been established as a semipermanent supersite for the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Ground Validation (GV) program. WPRF is home to research-quality precipitation instruments, including NASA’s S-band dual-polarimetric radar (NPOL), and a network of profiling radars, disdrometers, and rain gauges. This study investigates the statistical agreement of the GPM Core Observatory Dual-Frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR), combined DPR–GPM Microwave Imager (GMI) and GMI level II precipitation retrievals compared to WPRF ground observations from a 6-yr collection of satellite overpasses. Multisensor observations are integrated using the System for Integrating Multiplatform Data to Build the Atmospheric Column (SIMBA) software package. SIMBA ensures measurements recorded in a variety of formats are synthesized into a common reference frame for ease in comparison and analysis. Given that instantaneous satellite measurements are observed above ground level, this study investigates the possibility of a time lag between satellite and surface mass-weighted mean diameter (Dm), reflectivity (Z), and precipitation rate (R) observations. Results indicate that time lags vary up to 30 min after overpass time but are not consistent between cases. In addition, GPM Core Observatory Dm retrievals are within level I mission science requirements as compared to WPRF ground observations. Results also indicate GPM algorithms overestimate light rain (<1.0 mm h−1). Two very different stratiform rain vertical profiles show differing results when compared to ground reference data. A key finding of this study indicates multisensor DPR/GMI combined algorithms outperform single-sensor DPR algorithm.

Significance Statement

Satellites are beneficial for global precipitation surveillance because extensive ground instruments are lacking, especially over oceans. Ground validation studies are required to calibrate and improve precipitation algorithms from satellite sensors. The primary goal of this study is to quantify the differences between satellite raindrop size and rain-rate retrieval with ground-based observations. Rainfall-rate algorithms require assumptions about the mean raindrop size. Results indicate Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM)/satellite-based mean raindrop size is within acceptable error (±0.5 mm) with respect to ground measurements. In addition, GPM satellite measurements overestimate light rain (<1.0 mm h−1), which is important during the winter months and at high latitudes. Illuminating the challenges of GPM satellite-based precipitation estimation can guide algorithm developers to improve retrievals.
Safety and efficacy of a dose-dense short-term therapy in patients with MYC-translocated aggressive lymphoma
Authors: Ferreri Andrés J. M. , Angelillo Piera , Erbella Federico , Cattaneo Chiara , Verga Luisa , Lleshi Arben , Allione Bernardino , Ponzoni Maurilio , Facchetti Fabio , Pagani Chiara , Foppoli Marco , Pecciarini Lorenza , Sassone Marianna , Steffanoni Sara , Flospergher Elena , Rossi Giuseppe , Spina Michele , Re Alessandro
Published: May 2022

Patients with aggressive B-cell lymphoma and MYC rearrangement at fluorescence in situ hybridization exhibit poor outcome after R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone). In the last decade, 68 patients with Burkitt lymphoma ([BL] n = 46) or high-grade B-cell lymphoma ([HGBCL] single, double, or triple hit; n = 22) were treated with a dose-dense, short-term therapy termed “CARMEN regimen” at 5 Italian centers. Forty-six (68%) patients were HIV+. CARMEN included a 36-day induction with sequential, single weekly doses of cyclophosphamide, vincristine, rituximab, methotrexate, etoposide, and doxorubicin plus intrathecal chemotherapy, followed by high-dose-cytarabine–based consolidation. Patients who did not achieve complete remission (CR) after induction received BEAM (carmustina, etoposide, cytarabine, melfalan)-conditioned autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) after consolidation. Sixty-one (90%) patients completed induction, and 59 (87%) completed consolidation. Seventeen patients received ASCT. Grade 4 hematological toxicity was common but did not cause treatment discontinuation; grade 4 nonhematological toxicity was recorded in 11 (16%) patients, with grade 4 infections in 6 (9%). Six (9%) patients died of toxicity (sepsis in 4, COVID-19, acute respiratory distress syndrome). CR rate after the whole treatment was 73% (95% confidence interval [CI], 55% to 91%) for patients with HGBCL and 78% (95% CI, 66% to 90%) for patients with BL. At a median follow-up of 65 (interquartile range, 40-109) months, 48 patients remain event free, with a 5-year progression-free survival of 63% (95% CI, 58% to 68%) for HGBCL and 72% (95% CI, 71% to 73%) for BL, with a 5-year overall survival (OS) of 63% (95% CI, 58% to 68%) and 76% (95% CI, 75% to 77%), respectively. HIV seropositivity did not have a detrimental effect on outcome. This retrospective study shows that CARMEN is a safe and active regimen both in HIV-negative and -positive patients with MYC-rearranged lymphomas. Encouraging survival figures, attained with a single dose of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide, deserve further investigation in HGBCL and other aggressive lymphomas.
Factors contributing to the mental health outcomes of carers during the transition of their family member to residential aged care: a systematic search and narrative review
Authors: Camões-Costa Vera , Loganathan Jayasree , Barton Chris , Chakraborty Samantha , Hewitt Alana , Lin Xiaoping , Brijnath Bianca
Published: May 2022

Objectives

The transition of an older family member into a residential aged care facility (RACF) is often challenging for both the person being admitted and their family carer. This review aimed to identify the protective and contributing factors to adverse mental health outcomes among family carers following the decision to move a family member to a RACF.

Method

A search of CINAHL, PubMed and PsycINFO was conducted for empirical papers published in English between 2004 and 2019, exploring the mental health or quality of life (QoL) of family carers of those recently admitted, or considering admission, to a RACF. Articles were reviewed by two authors for inclusion.

Results

Twenty-three studies met the inclusion criteria. Pre-existing depressive symptoms and poor subjective health were related to adverse mental health outcomes following admission. Information from the facility, support to change roles, and factors related to carer’s health and demographics, were associated with changes in the mental health outcomes of carers during the transition of their relative to a RACF. Key protective factors of carer’s mental health outcomes following the transition of their relative to a RACF are flow and transparency of information between carer and the facility staff, and staff efforts to involve carers in providing emotional support to their relative, in monitoring care, and advocating for their quality of life.

Conclusion

There is evidence to suggest factors such lack of flow and transparency of information between carer and the facility staff may predispose carers to poor mental health and QoL following the transition of a relative to a RACF. Key protective factors of carer’s mental health following admission are staff efforts to involve carers in providing emotional support to their relative, in monitoring care, and advocating for their quality of life. This review also indicates that the combination of factors that puts family carers more at risk of poor mental health and lower quality of life throughout the transition period. Policy and practice should follow recommendations that consider a combination of the above factors when addressing the needs of family carers before and after admission of an older person to RACF.
Direct bone marrow injection of human bone marrow-derived stromal cells into mouse femurs results in greater prostate cancer PC-3 cell proliferation, but not specifically proliferation within the injected femurs
Authors: Nowlan Bianca , Williams Elizabeth D. , Doran Michael Robert
Published: May 2022

Background

While prostate cancer (PCa) cells most often metastasize to bone in men, species-specific differences between human and mouse bone marrow mean that this pattern is not faithfully replicated in mice. Herein we evaluated the impact of partially humanizing mouse bone marrow with human bone marrow-derived stromal cells (BMSC, also known as "mesenchymal stem cells") on human PCa cell behaviour.

Methods

BMSC are key cellular constituents of marrow. We used intrafemoral injection to transplant 5 × 105 luciferase (Luc) and green fluorescence protein (GFP) expressing human BMSC (hBMSC-Luc/GFP) into the right femur of non-obese diabetic (NOD)-severe combined immunodeficiency (scid) interleukin (IL)-2γ−/− (NSG) mice. Two weeks later, 2.5 × 106 PC-3 prostate cancer cells expressing DsRed (PC-3-DsRed) were delivered into the mice via intracardiac injection. PC-3-DsRed cells were tracked over time using an In Vivo Imaging System (IVIS) live animal imaging system, X-ray and IVIS imaging performed on harvested organs, and PC-3 cell numbers in femurs quantified using flow cytometry and histology.

Results

Flow cytometry analysis revealed greater PC-3-DsRed cell numbers within femurs of the mice that received hBMSC-Luc/GFP. However, while there were overall greater PC-3-DsRed cell numbers in these animals, there were not more PC-3-DsRed in the femurs injected with hBMSC-Luc/GFP than in contralateral femurs. A similar proportion of mice in with or without hBMSC-Luc/GFP had bone lessions, but the absolute number of bone lesions was greater in mice that had received hBMSC-Luc/GFP.

Conclusion

PC-3-DsRed cells preferentially populated bones in mice that had received hBMSC-Luc/GFP, although PC-3-DsRed cells not specifically localize in the bone marrow cavity where hBMSC-Luc/GFP had been transplanted. hBMSC-Luc/GFP appear to modify mouse biology in a manner that supports PC-3-DsRed tumor development, rather than specifically influencing PC-3-DsRed cell homing. This study provides useful insights into the role of humanizing murine bone marrow with hBMSC to study human PCa cell biology.
Fulminant anti-α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor GluR1 antibodies encephalitis in a Chinese boy: a case report
Authors: Han Wei , Ma Jiannan , Jiang Li , Cheng Min
Published: May 2022

Background

Anti-α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) encephalitis is a rare autoimmune synaptic encephalitis associated with autoantibodies that cause a selective decrease in surface expression and changes in receptor localization. Anti-AMPAR encephalitis is poorly recognized, especially in children, and its clinical phenotype is incompletely described.

Case presentation

We report a case of anti-AMPAR GluR1 antibody-mediated autoimmune encephalitis in a 12-year-old male. The patient manifested as a fulminant course, with ataxia, cerebellar degeneration at the onset, and rapidly evolved into hyperthermia, coma and rhabdomyolysis. Antibodies against AMPAR GluR1 receptors were detected in the cerebrospinal fluid by cell-based assay. Diffuse slow waves were found by electroencephalograph, and the left cerebellar vermis and hemisphere were affected on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The patient was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), methylprednisolone combined with plasma exchange. Symptoms were alleviated after immunotherapy and the patient sustained clinical improvement. This is the first time that acute rhabdomyolysis symptom has been identified in a pediatric patient with anti-AMPAR encephalitis.

Conclusions

This case expands the clinical spectrum of anti-AMPAR encephalitis and highlights that despite poor clinical manifestation at the outset, recovery remains possible.
Prevalence and predictors of water-borne diseases among elderly people in India: evidence from Longitudinal Ageing Study in India, 2017–18
Authors: Kumar Pradeep , Srivastava Shobhit , Banerjee Adrita , Banerjee Snigdha
Published: May 2022

Background

India suffers from a high burden of diarrhoea and other water-borne diseases due to unsafe water, inadequate sanitation and poor hygiene practices among human population. With age the immune system becomes complex and antibody alone does not determine susceptibility to diseases which increases the chances of waterborne disease among elderly population. Therefore the study examines the prevalence and predictors of water-borne diseases among elderly in India.

Method

Data for this study was collected from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI), 2017–18. Descriptive statistics along with bivariate analysis was used in the present study to reveal the initial results. Proportion test was applied to check the significance level of prevalence of water borne diseases between urban and rural place of residence. Additionally, binary logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the association between the outcome variable (water borne diseases) and the explanatory variables.

Results

The study finds the prevalence of water borne disease among the elderly is more in the rural (22.5%) areas compared to the urban counterparts (12.2%) due to the use of unimproved water sources. The percentage of population aged 60 years and above with waterborne disease is more in the central Indian states like Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh followed by the North Indian states. Sex of the participate, educational status, work status, BMI, place of residence, type of toilet facility and water source are important determinants of water borne disease among elderly in India.

Conclusion

Elderly people living in the rural areas are more prone to waterborne diseases. The study also finds state wise variation in prevalence of waterborne diseases. The elderly people might not be aware of the hygiene practices which further adhere to the disease risk. Therefore, there is a need to create awareness on basic hygiene among this population for preventing such bacterial diseases.
Social media use and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in young adults: a meta-analysis of 14 cross-sectional studies
Authors: Lee Youngrong , Jeon Ye Jin , Kang Sunghyuk , Shin Jae Il , Jung Young-Chul , Jung Sun Jae
Published: May 2022

Background

Public isolated due to the early quarantine regarding coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) increasingly used more social media platforms. Contradictory claims regarding the effect of social media use on mental health needs to be resolved. The purpose of the study was to summarise the association between the time spent on social media platform during the COVID-19 quarantine and mental health outcomes (i.e., anxiety and depression).

Methods

Studies were screened from the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases. Regarding eligibility criteria, studies conducted after the declaration of the pandemic, studies that measured mental health symptoms with validated tools, and studies that presented quantitative results were eligible. The studies after retrieval evaluated the association between time spent on social media platform and mental health outcomes (i.e. anxiety and depression). The pooled estimates of retrieved studies were summarised in odds ratios (ORs). Data analyses included a random-effect model and an assessment of inter-study heterogeneity. Quality assessment was conducted by two independent researchers using the Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for Nonrandomized Studies (RoBANS). This meta-analysis review was registered in PROSPERO (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, registration No CRD42021260223, 15 June 2021).

Results

Fourteen studies were included. The increase in the time spent using social media platforms were associated with anxiety symptoms in overall studies (pooled OR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.30–1.85), and the heterogeneity between studies was mild (I2 = 26.77%). Similarly, the increase in social media use time was also associated with depressive symptoms (pooled OR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.30–1.85), and the heterogeneity between studies was moderate (I2 = 67.16%). For sensitivity analysis, the results of analysis including only the “High quality” studies after quality assessment were similar to those of the overall study with low heterogeneity (anxiety: pooled OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.21–1.96, I2 = 0.00%; depression: pooled OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 0.69–2.90, I2 = 0.00%).

Conclusions

The analysis demonstrated that the excessive time spent on social media platform was associated with a greater likelihood of having symptoms of anxiety and depression.
Clinical features and ultrasound findings of a rare musculoskeletal system disease–neuromuscular choristoma
Authors: Guo Wen , Wang Hong , Chen Tao , Yang Wei , Wang Shu-Feng , Chen Shan-Lin
Published: May 2022

Background

Neuromuscular choristomas (NMCs), are extremely rare developmental lesions that, have been previously established associated with recurrent fibromatosis after surgery, leading to several operations or even amputation. However, reports on the ultrasound imaging features and clinical conditions of NMCs are rare. The purpose of this study is to describe the ultrasound features and clinical analysis of NMCs to provide suggestions to identify the optimal management strategy.

Methods

From September 2020 to September 2021, 7 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of NMC who underwent ultrasound examination in our department were enrolled in our study. Physical examinations were performed to detect motor deficits, sensory deficits, neuropathic pain, limb undergrowth, muscular atrophy, cavus foot and bone dysplasia. Ultrasound imaging was performed and investigated both in affected nerves and neuromuscular choristomas associated desmoid-type fibromatosis (NMC-DTF). All patients had a definite history and regular follow-up. The clinical course, physical examinations, ultrasound features and pathologic results of NMC patients were analyzed.

Results

Seven patients with an average age of 7.0 ± 7.2 years (range: 2–22 years) were enrolled in our study. The affected nerves included the sciatic nerve (6 cases) and the brachial plexus (1 case). Six patients (85.7%) presented with limb undergrowth, 6 (85.7%) with muscular atrophy, and 5 (71.4%) with cavus foot deformity. Based on ultrasound findings, all the visibly affected nerve segments presented with hypoechoic and fusiform enlargement with intraneural skeletal muscle elements. Five patients (71.4%) had NMC-DTFs at the site of the affected nerve. All NMC-DTFs were shown as hypoechoic solid lesions adjacent to the nerve and were well circumscribed. In the subset of the surgery group, all 5 patients presented with progression to NMC-DTFs at the site of the NMCs. No fibromatosis was detected in the other two nonsurgical patients.

Conclusions

Understanding the typical ultrasound features and clinically associated conditions would support the early diagnosis of this rare disease. When a potential diagnosis is determined, an invasive procedure such as biopsy or resection might not be a good choice given the frequent occurrence of complications such as aggressive recurrence.
Quality of care in type 2 diabetes in Iran; a cross-sectional study using patient-level data
Authors: Davari Majid , Bayazidi Yahya , Kebriaeezadeh Abbas , Esteghamati Alireza , Bandarian Fatemeh , Kashi Zahra , Bahar Adele , Yousefi Sepideh
Published: May 2022

Background

Appropriate service delivery, access to high quality of cares and optimal management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can decrease the risk of micro and macro vascular complications and mortality. Therefore, monitoring the quality of diabetes care, including keeping glycemic levels at an optimal level, is crucial. The aim of this study was to evaluate processes and outcome-related quality of care indicators, in T2DM using retrospective patient-level data from 2013 to 2017 in 15 Tertiary Diabetes Care Centers in Iran.

Method

A retrospective observational study was conducted among 1985 T2DM patients at public, semipublic and private diabetes centers. Annual tests for HbA1c, serum lipid (LDL), and screening for nephropathy were used to evaluate process-related indicators; and intermediate biomedical markers including HbA1c, blood pressure (BP), and LDL cholesterol, were used to assess outcome-related indicators.

Results

Data were extracted from 15 diabetes centers in five provinces in Iran. 62.7% of the patients were female, and the mean duration of diabetes in the patients was 14.7 years. Evaluation of process-related indicators showed that only 9% of patients took the HbA1c test. The percentage of the patients without annual low-density lipoprotein (LDL) test decreased from 13% in 2013 to 7% in 2017. The results of achieving to all indicators concurrently (ABC care) showed that less than 2% of the patients met the criteria of optimal process-related quality indicators.

The mean percentage of the patients with HbA1c under 7%, blood pressure (BP) less than 130/80 mmHg, and LDL less than 100 mg/dl in the selected provinces were 32.4, 55, and 71 respectively. However, the average of total achievement in ABC goals was 14.2%.

Conclusion

Our findings showed that the management of T2DM in all selected provinces was far from the optimal control in both processes and outcome-related indicators and therefore needs serious consideration and improvement.
Assessment of self-care practice amongst patients with type II diabetes attending Adama Hospital Medical College, Ethiopia
Authors: Gemeda Sileshi Tadesse , Woldemariam Zinash Beyene
Published: May 2022

Introduction

There is almost no published data on the assessment of self-management practice among adult type II diabetes patients in Ethiopia. Hence, we aim to assess the level of self-management practice for people with type II diabetes patients attending Adama Hospital Medical College, Ethiopia.

Method

The study was conducted from April 1 to August 30, 2021 in type II diabetes mellitus patients at Adama Hospital Medical College. The survey was performed using the diabetes mellitus self-Management questionnaire, which consists of four domains Physical activity, Physician contact, Medication adherence, glucose management and dietary management of the patients. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20.0. Descriptive statistics was performed. Fisher's Exact Test was used to determine the presence of association between adherence to self-care behavior and other variables. P-value less than 0.05 determines statistical significance.

Result

Majority (63.4%) of respondents do not perform self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). Out of a total of 93 participants, 48 (51.6%) respondents adhered to insulin therapy. Sixty-two (66.7%) adhered to recommended diet management practice, 57 (61.3%) did not adhere to physical activity recommendations and 59 (63.5%) participants adhered to overall self-care practice (DMSQ).

Conclusion

Although the importance of self-care practices in the management of diabetes were recognized to be useful and effective for achieving glycemic control and preventing serious diabetes complications, our study found that most patients had not adhered to self-care practice especially in terms of SMBG and physical activity. Overall (DSMQ) adherence to self-care practice was optimal amongst type II diabetes patients in AHMC Chronic care unit.
How do wound care nurses structure the subjective frame on palliative wound care? A Q-methodology approach
Authors: Lee Ye-Na , Chang Sung Ok
Published: May 2022

Background

Palliative wound care is important for stability in terminal care. It addresses both the physical and psychological needs of patients and facilitates other aspects of terminal care. Appropriate competencies of nurses regarding palliative wound care can improve patient outcomes and raise their quality of life. The purpose of this study was to identify how wound care nurses structure the subjective frames regarding palliative wound care.

Method

This study utilized Q-methodology to analyze their subjective viewpoints. Forty nurses experienced in palliative wound care were asked to completely classify 35 Q-statements into a normal distribution shape. The PQ-Method program was used to conduct principal factor analysis and varimax rotation for data analysis.

Results

This study revealed 4 Q-factors of palliative wound care: “Focusing on care within the boundary of current patient demands,” “Comparing continuously the priorities on wound healing and disease care,” “Preparing and preventing from worsening via tracking care in advance,” and “Moving forward with a clear direction by confronting the declining condition.”

Conclusion

We hope that the results of this study are used in the development of nursing education that reflects professional perspectives of palliative wound care, thus helping to improve nursing competencies in palliative care.