bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Primordial and primary prevention of peri‐implant diseases: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Carra Maria Clotilde , Blanc‐Sylvestre Nicolas , Courtet Alexandre , Bouchard Philippe
Published: February 2023

Aim

This systematic review and meta‐analysis aims to assess the efficacy of risk factor control to prevent the occurrence of peri‐implant diseases (PIDs) in adult patients awaiting dental implant rehabilitation (primordial prevention) or in patients with dental implants surrounded by healthy peri‐implant tissues (primary prevention).

Materials and Methods

A literature search was performed without any time limit on different databases up to August 2022. Interventional and observational studies with at least 6 months of follow‐up were considered. The occurrence of peri‐implant mucositis and/or peri‐implantitis was the primary outcome. Pooled data analyses were performed using random effect models according to the type of risk factor and outcome.

Results

Overall, 48 studies were selected. None assessed the efficacy of primordial preventive interventions for PIDs. Indirect evidence on the primary prevention of PID indicated that diabetic patients with dental implants and good glycaemic control have a significantly lower risk of peri‐implantitis (odds ratio [OR] = 0.16; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.03–0.96; I2: 0%), and lower marginal bone level (MBL) changes (OR = –0.36 mm; 95% CI: −0.65 to −0.07; I2: 95%) compared to diabetic patients with poor glycaemic control. Patients attending supportive periodontal/peri‐implant care (SPC) regularly have a lower risk of overall PIDs (OR = 0.42; 95% CI: 0.24–0.75; I2: 57%) and peri‐implantitis compared to irregular attendees. The risk of dental implant failure (OR = 3.76; 95% CI: 1.50–9.45; I2: 0%) appears to be greater under irregular or no SPC than regular SPC. Implants sites with augmented peri‐implant keratinized mucosa (PIKM) show lower peri‐implant inflammation (SMD = –1.18; 95% CI: −1.85 to −0.51; I2: 69%) and lower MBL changes (MD = –0.25; 95% CI: −0.45 to −0.05; I2: 62%) compared to dental implants with PIKM deficiency. Studies on smoking cessation and oral hygiene behaviors were inconclusive.

Conclusions

Within the limitations of available evidence, the present findings indicate that in patients with diabetes, glycaemic control should be promoted to avoid peri‐implantitis development. The primary prevention of peri‐implantitis should involve regular SPC. PIKM augmentation procedures, where a PIKM deficiency exists, may favour the control of peri‐implant inflammation and the stability of MBL. Further studies are needed to assess the impact of smoking cessation and oral hygiene behaviours, as well as the implementation of standardized primordial and primary prevention protocols for PIDs.
Pretreatment serum monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 as a predictor of long‐term outcome by ustekinumab in patients with Crohn's disease
Authors: Okuda Hiroaki , Hosomi Shuhei , Itani Shigehiro , Kurimoto Noriyuki , Kobayashi Yumie , Nakata Rieko , Nishida Yu , Ominami Masaki , Nadatani Yuji , Fukunaga Shusei , Otani Koji , Kamata Noriko , Tanaka Fumio , Nagami Yasuaki , Taira Koichi , Ohfuji Satoko , Fujiwara Yasuhiro
Published: February 2023

Background and Aims

Ustekinumab has been proven to be effective for treatment of patients with Crohn's disease; however, 30–40% of patients have been reported to lose clinical response within 2 years. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ustekinumab and identify predictors of short‐term and long‐term efficacy in Crohn's disease.

Methods

Patients with Crohn's disease receiving their first ustekinumab infusion in our hospital between June 2017 and September 2020 were prospectively enrolled. Concentrations of serum cytokines and chemokines were measured using a multiplex bead array assay.

Results

Fifty‐nine Crohn's disease patients were enrolled in this study. Among 34 clinically active patients, 38.2% achieved a clinical response at week 8. None of the assayed factors were associated with short‐term clinical response. Cumulative persistence rates of ustekinumab were 77.6% at 1 year and 58.9% at 2 years. Univariate Cox regression analysis revealed that Harvey–Bradshaw Index scores at baseline, concomitant immunomodulator treatment, and concentrations of interferon gamma‐induced protein‐10, monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1), and interleukin (IL)‐1RA, IL‐4, IL‐6, and IL‐8 were significantly associated with loss of efficacy. Multivariate Cox regression analysis found that biologic naïve status (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.1191, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.02458–0.5774) and MCP‐1 concentrations (HR: 1.038, 95% CI: 1.015–1.062) were significantly and associated with loss of sustained efficacy for ustekinumab treatment.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that pretreatment serum MCP‐1 analysis, combined with a history of biologic use, could be a novel biomarker for predicting the long‐term efficacy of ustekinumab in patients with Crohn's disease.
Nutritional status at hospital admission and prediction of clinical outcomes in children and adolescents with cancer: Results of the Brazilian survey on oncological nutrition in paediatrics
Authors: Afonso Wanélia Vieira , Peres Wilza Arantes Ferreira , de Pinho Nivaldo Barroso , Corrêa Schilithz Arthur Orlando , Martucci Renata Brum , Rodrigues Viviane Dias , Braga Juliana Silva do Nascimento , Costa Joana Dias da , Padilha Patricia de Carvalho
Published: February 2023

Background

Changes in nutritional status are recognised as predictors of unfavourable outcomes in children and adolescents with cancer, particularly in developing countries. There have been no studies on children and adolescents with cancer from every region of Brazil or on the impact of nutritional status on clinical outcomes. The aim of this study is to assess the association between the nutritional status of children and adolescents with cancer and the prediction of clinical outcomes.

Methods

This was a longitudinal, multicentre, hospital‐based study. An anthropometric nutritional assessment was performed, and the Subjective Global Nutritional Assessment (SGNA) was administered within 48 h of admission. Seven hundred and twenty‐three patients (aged 2–18 years) were included in the sample, undergoing cancer treatment. They were recruited in 13 reference centres in the five macro‐regions of Brazil between March 2018 and August 2019. The outcomes evaluated were readmission within 30 days and death within 60 days of admission. To identify predictors of 60‐day survival, Cox regression and log‐rank statistics were used to compare Kaplan–Meier curves between the strata.

Results

About 36.2% (n = 262) of the samples were malnourished according to the SGNA. Severe malnutrition by the SGNA (relative risk [RR] = 8.44, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.35–21.3, P = 0.001) and living in the North region (RR = 11.9, 95% CI: 3.34–42.7, P = 0.001) were associated with the poorest survival. The North (RR = 5.77, 95% CI: 1.29–25.8, P = 0.021), Northeast (RR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.01–2.11, P = 0.041), Midwest (RR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.20–0.095, P = 0.036), age group 10–18 years (RR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.45– 0.94, P = 0.022) and haematologic malignancy (RR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.10–2.10, P = 0.011) were predictors of readmission within 30 days.

Conclusions

The prevalence of malnutrition was high and related to death. These results highlight the need to use the SGNA in clinical practice alongside classic anthropometric methods for the diagnosis of malnutrition, and the need to standardise care across all Brazilian regions, which should include nutritional care for children and adolescents with cancer.
Effects of person‐centred planning and practices on the health and well‐being of adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities: a multilevel analysis of linked administrative and survey data
Authors: İsvan N. , Bonardi A. , Hiersteiner D.
Published: February 2023

Background

A person‐centred service planning and practice approach (PCP) is one that is driven by service users' individual preferences, needs and priorities. The approach has been identified as a best practice and is codified in US policies that encourage and, in some contexts, require state systems of home and community‐based services to adopt and demonstrate person‐centred practice. However, there is insufficient research on PCP's direct impact on outcomes for service users. This study aims to contribute to the evidence base in this area by investigating the association between service experiences and outcomes of adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) receiving state‐funded services.

Methods

The data for the study come from the 2018–2019 National Core Indicators® In‐Person Survey that links survey responses with administrative records for a sample of 22 000 adults with IDD receiving services from 37 state developmental disabilities (DD) systems. Associations among service experiences and outcomes of survey participants are examined through multilevel regression techniques that include participant‐level responses and state‐level measures of PCP. The state‐level measures are constructed by combining administrative records describing participants' service plans with the priorities and goals they expressed in response to the survey.

Results

Case managers' (CM) accessibility and attentiveness to individual preferences, as reported by survey participants, are significantly associated with self‐reported outcomes such as perceived control over life decisions and sense of health and well‐being. Controlling for participants' experiences with their CMs, their reports of the person‐centred content of their service plans have net positive associations with outcomes. After accounting for experiences with the service system as reported by participants, the state system's person‐centred orientation, measured by the extent to which service plans across the state reflect participants' wishes for improving their social connections, remains a significant predictor of participants' sense of control over their daily lives.

Conclusions

This study contributes to the evidence base supporting PCP as a service model by identifying pathways that link person‐centred service planning and delivery and person‐centred orientation of state systems to positive outcomes reported by adults with IDD and by demonstrating the value of linking survey and administrative data. The key implication of the findings for policy and practice is that an overall person‐centred orientation of state DD systems as well as PCP training for people who support planning for and delivery of direct supports will substantially improve the lives of adults with IDD.
Psychometric properties of measures designed to assess common mental health problems and wellbeing in adults with intellectual disabilities: a systematic review
Authors: Patel M. , Lee J. Y. , Scior K.
Published: February 2023

Background

Multiple measures of mental health problems and mental wellbeing for adults with intellectual disabilities are available, but investigations into their reliability and validity are still in the early stages. The aim of this systematic review was to provide an update to previous evaluations of measures of common mental health problems and wellbeing in adults with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities (ID).

Methods

A systematic search was performed across three databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO and SCOPUS). The literature search was limited to the years from 2009 to 2021 and to the original English versions. Ten papers evaluating nine measures were reviewed, and the psychometric properties of these measures were discussed using the Characteristics of Assessment Instructions for Psychiatric Disorders in Persons with Intellectual Developmental Disorders as a framework.

Results

Four measures had at least one rating of ‘good’ across both dimensions of reliability and at least one dimension of validity and were deemed to have promising psychometric properties: the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation‐Learning Disabilities, Impact of Events Scale‐Intellectual Disabilities, Lancaster and Northgate Trauma Scales and Self‐Assessment and Intervention (self‐report section). Additionally, these measures were developed through consultations with mental health professionals and/or people with IDs and thus were deemed to have good content validity.

Conclusions

This review informs measurement choice for researchers and clinicians while highlighting a need for continued research efforts into the quality of measures available for people with IDs. The results were limited by incomplete psychometric evaluations of measures available. A paucity of psychometrically robust measures of mental wellbeing was observed.
Coupling between GPR143 and dopamine D2 receptor is required for selective potentiation of dopamine D2 receptor function by L‐3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine in the dorsal striatum
Authors: Masukawa Daiki , Kitamura Satoshi , Tajika Rei , Uchimura Hiraku , Arai Masami , Takada Yuuki , Arisawa Tetsu , Otaki Momoyo , Kanai Kaori , Kobayashi Kenta , Miyazaki Tomoyuki , Goshima Yoshio
Published: February 2023

Dopamine (DA) is involved in neurological and physiological functions such as motor control. L‐3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (L‐DOPA), a precursor of DA, is conventionally believed to be an inert amino acid precursor of DA, and its major therapeutic effects in Parkinson's disease (PD) are mediated through its conversion to DA. On the contrary, accumulating evidence suggests that L‐DOPA itself is a neurotransmitter. We here show that L‐DOPA potentiates DA D2 receptor (DRD2) signaling through GPR143, the gene product of X‐linked ocular albinism 1, a G‐protein‐coupled receptor for L‐DOPA. In Gpr143‐gene‐deficient (Gpr143−/y) mice, quinpirole, a DRD2/DRD3 agonist, ‐induced hypolocomotion was attenuated compared to wild‐type (WT) mice. Administration of non‐effective dose of L‐DOPA methyl ester augmented the quinpirole‐induced hypolocomotion in WT mice but not in Gpr143−/y mice. In cells co‐expressing GPR143 and DRD2, L‐DOPA enhanced the interaction between GPR143 and DRD2 and augmented quinpirole‐induced decrease in cAMP levels. This augmentation by L‐DOPA was not observed in cells co‐expressing GPR143 and DRD1 or DRD3. Chimeric analysis in which the domain of GPR143 was replaced with GPR37 revealed that GPR143 interacted with DRD2 at the fifth transmembrane domain. Intracerebroventricular administration of a peptide that disrupted the interaction mitigated quinpirole‐induced behavioral changes in WT mice but not in Gpr143−/y mice. These findings provide evidence that coupling between GPR143 and DRD2 is required for selective DRD2 modulation by L‐DOPA in the dorsal striatum.

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Astrotactin 2 (ASTN2) regulates emotional and cognitive functions by affecting neuronal morphogenesis and monoaminergic systems
Authors: Ito Takahiro , Yoshida Mikio , Aida Tomomi , Kushima Itaru , Hiramatsu Yuka , Ono Maiko , Yoshimi Akira , Tanaka Kohichi , Ozaki Norio , Noda Yukihiro
Published: February 2023

Astrotactin2 (ASTN2) regulates neuronal migration and synaptic strength through the trafficking and degradation of surface proteins. Deletion of ASTN2 in copy number variants has been identified in patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and autism spectrum disorder in copy number variant (CNV) analysis. Disruption of ASTN2 is a risk factor for these neurodevelopmental disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. However, the importance of ASTN2 in physiological functions remains poorly understood. To elucidate the physiological functions of ASTN2, we investigated whether deficiency of ASTN2 affects cognitive and/or emotional behaviors and neurotransmissions using ASTN2‐deficient mice. Astn2 knockout (KO) mice produced by CRISPR/Cas9 technique showed no obvious differences in physical characteristics and circadian rhythm. Astn2 KO mice showed increased exploratory activity in a novel environment, social behavior and impulsivity, or decreased despair‐, anxiety‐like behaviors and exploratory preference for the novel object. Some behavioral abnormalities, such as increased exploratory activity and impulsivity, or decreased exploratory preference were specifically attenuated by risperidone, but not by haloperidol. While, the both drugs did not affect any emotion‐related behavioral abnormalities in Astn2 KO mice. Dopamine contents were decreased in the striatum, and serotonin or dopamine turnover were increased in the striatum, nucleus accumbens, and amygdala of Astn2 KO mice. In morphological analyses, thinning of neural cell layers in the hippocampus, reduction of neural cell bodies in the prefrontal cortex, and decrease in spine density and PSD95 protein in both tissues were observed in Astn2 KO mice. The present findings suggest that ASTN2 deficiency develops some emotional or cognitive impairments related to monoaminergic dysfunctions and abnormal neuronal morphogenesis with shrinkage of neuronal soma. ASTN2 protein may contribute to the pathogenic mechanism and symptom onset of mental disorders.

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Lifespan normative data (18–89 years) for Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices Set I
Authors: Murphy Patrick , Foley Jennifer , Mole Joe , Van Harskamp Natasja , Cipolotti Lisa
Published: February 2023

Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices (APM) Set I is a validated and brief test of fluid intelligence, ideal for use in busy clinical settings. However, there is a dearth of normative data allowing an accurate interpretation of APM scores. To address this, we present normative data from across the adult lifespan (18–89 years) for the APM Set I. Data are presented in five age cohorts (total N = 352), including two older adult cohorts (65–79 years and 80–89 years), which allows age‐standardized assessment. We also present data from a validated measure of premorbid intellectual ability, which was absent from previous standardizations of longer forms of the APM. In line with previous findings, a striking age‐related decline was noted, beginning relatively early in adulthood and most marked amongst lower‐scoring individuals. Older adults did not demonstrate difficulty with specific test items or make an increased proportion of specific errors. Sex was not a significant predictor of performance. The data set is of particular use in the neuropsychological assessment of older adults, given the known susceptibility of fluid intelligence to both the effects of normal ageing and acquired brain injury in older age. The results are discussed in light of theories of neurological ageing.
The evaluation of serum bisphenol A in patients with preeclampsia
Authors: Dagdeviren Gulsah , Arslan Burak , Keles Ayse , Yücel Çelik Özge , Arat Özgür , Caglar Ali Turhan
Published: February 2023

Aims

High bisphenol A (BPA) concentration may compromise normal placental development. The aim of this study was to determine maternal serum BPA concentrations in pregnant women with complicated preeclampsia (PE) and normal pregnant women, to compare BPA concentrations, and to examine pregnancy outcomes.

Methods

This prospective case–control study was conducted between March 2021 and October 2021. Serum BPA levels of preeclamptic pregnancy and normal pregnancy were statistically evaluated. In addition, the PE group was divided into three subgroups according to the course of pregnancy. Group 1: patients with non‐severe PE who delivered at 37 weeks or later, Group 2: patients with severe PE who delivered at less than 34 weeks, Group 3: patients with severe PE who delivered between 34 and 37 weeks. The association between BPA levels and pregnancy outcome was investigated.

Results

Forty‐six cases in the PE group were compared with 46 cases of normal pregnancies. The median BPA level was 19.46 ng/mL in the PE group and 16.36 ng/mL in the control group. The median BPA levels in the PE group were significantly higher than those in the control group (p = 0.007). Serum BPA levels were significantly lower in women who delivered at 37 weeks or later than in women who delivered at less than 34 weeks due to severe PE (p ≤ 0.018).

Conclusion

Our study highlights the association between elevated maternal serum levels of BPA and PE. Moreover, knowledge of BPA levels in women with PE may provide information about the prognosis of pregnancy.
Feasibility, efficacy, and functional relevance of automated auditory closed‐loop suppression of slow‐wave sleep in humans
Authors: Fehér Kristoffer D. , Omlin Ximena , Tarokh Leila , Schneider Carlotta L. , Morishima Yosuke , Züst Marc A. , Wunderlin Marina , Koenig Thomas , Hertenstein Elisabeth , Ellenberger Benjamin , Ruch Simon , Schmidig Flavio , Mikutta Christian , Trinca Ersilia , Senn Walter , Feige Bernd , Klöppel Stefan , Nissen Christoph
Published: February 2023

Slow‐wave sleep (SWS) is a fundamental physiological process, and its modulation is of interest for basic science and clinical applications. However, automatised protocols for the suppression of SWS are lacking. We describe the development of a novel protocol for the automated detection (based on the whole head topography of frontal slow waves) and suppression of SWS (through closed‐loop modulated randomised pulsed noise), and assessed the feasibility, efficacy and functional relevance compared to sham stimulation in 15 healthy young adults in a repeated‐measure sleep laboratory study. Auditory compared to sham stimulation resulted in a highly significant reduction of SWS by 30% without affecting total sleep time. The reduction of SWS was associated with an increase in lighter non‐rapid eye movement sleep and a shift of slow‐wave activity towards the end of the night, indicative of a homeostatic response and functional relevance. Still, cumulative slow‐wave activity across the night was significantly reduced by 23%. Undisturbed sleep led to an evening to morning reduction of wake electroencephalographic theta activity, thought to reflect synaptic downscaling during SWS, while suppression of SWS inhibited this dissipation. We provide evidence for the feasibility, efficacy, and functional relevance of a novel fully automated protocol for SWS suppression based on auditory closed‐loop stimulation. Future work is needed to further test for functional relevance and potential clinical applications.
Persistence of immunity against hepatitis A in Brazilian children vaccinated with a single dose of inactivated virus vaccine
Authors: de Brito Wagner Izidoro , de Oliveira Rode Martinho , Silva Jane , Tubarão Luciana Neves , Bom Ana Paula Dinis Ano , Melgaço Juliana Gil , Pinto Marcelo Alves , Souto Francisco José Dutra
Published: February 2023

In 2014, the Brazilian National Immunization Program implemented the universal vaccination against the hepatitis A virus (HAV) for children aged 12 months and older, applying a single dose of the inactivated virus vaccine. It is essential to carry out follow‐up studies in this population, aiming to verify the longevity of HAV immunological memory. This study evaluated the humoral and cellular immune response of a cohort of children vaccinated between 2014 and 2015, and further investigated between 2015 and 2016, and who had their initial antibody response assessed after the single dose. A second evaluation took place in January 2022. We examined 109 children out of the 252 that took part in the initial cohort. Seventy (64.2%) of them had anti‐HAV IgG antibodies. Cellular immune response assays were performed in 37 anti‐HAV‐negative and 30 anti‐HAV‐positive children. Production of interferon‐gamma (IFN‐y) stimulated with the VP1 antigen was demonstrated in 34.3% of these 67 samples. Of the 37 negative anti‐HAV samples, 12 (32.4%) produced IFN‐y. Among the 30 anti‐HAV‐positive, 11 (36.7%) produced IFN‐y. In total, 82 (76.6%) children presented some type of immune response against HAV. These findings demonstrate the persistence of immunological memory against HAV in the majority of children vaccinated between 6 and 7 years with a single dose of the inactivated virus vaccine.
The infection rates of HBV and HCV decreased significantly in Zhejiang Province, China: A comparative study based on the data of two sero‐epidemiological surveys in 1992 and 2020
Authors: Zhou Yang , Zhao Botao , Shi Wen , Ding Xiaobei , Shen Liping , Zhou Xin , He Hanqing
Published: February 2023

In 2020, China conducted a nationwide, sero‐epidemiological, cross‐sectional survey of viral hepatitis. The stratified multi‐stage cluster random sampling method was used to select the permanent population aged 1–69 years, followed by questionnaire survey and sample collection and detection of the serological markers of hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C viruses (HCV). A total of 4747 individuals aged 1–69 years were investigated in Zhejiang Province. The positive rates of hepatitis B surface antigen and anti‐HCV were 4.3% and 0%, respectively. Compared to a similar sero‐epidemiological survey in 1992, the 2020 survey showed that the HBV infection rate in Zhejiang Province decreased by 56.5%. In both surveys, HBV infection rate increased with age (in 1992, χ2 = 185.866, p = .000; in 2020, χ2 = 1383.836, p = .000). Compared with 1992, the positive anti‐HCV rate in those aged 1–69 years in 2020 decreased by 100.0%. This result showed that the HBV vaccine and blood screening to prevent HBV and HCV infection significantly decreased the infection rate of HBV and HCV in the younger generation of Zhejiang province. However, the rate of HBV carriers aged 30–69 years was still high, which underscores the need to strengthen the management and treatment of chronic HBV infection. Hence, Zhejiang province can eliminate the public health threat of viral hepatitis.
Did Jacob Lie? Were His Words Inspired? Examining Genesis 27 in Light of Augustine, Aquinas, and Lombardo
Authors: Conway Desmond A.
Published: February 2023

In Genesis 27 Jacob is depicted as lying to Isaac. Jacob, however, was held in Christian tradition to be both a moral exemplar and to be speaking prophetically in this episode with his father. This raises the question of how Doctors of the Church such as St. Augustine and St. Thomas Aquinas were able reconcile these interpretive commitments with their stance on the intrinsically disordered nature of lying. In examining their resolution of this tension, we discover an important exegetical distinction for interpreting troubling words as nevertheless being divinely inspired. Yet, it is only in light of another interpretive distinction, recently highlighted by Nicholas Lombardo OP, that we can both hold to the inspired nature of Jacob's words and also a natural reading of the account in Genesis 27. The detailed examination of Genesis 27 by both Augustine and Aquinas is an important case study for understanding how we can interpret troubling language as still being the word of God. This undertaking, spanning centuries between Augustine and Aquinas, is now taken one step further thanks to the exegetical proposal of Fr. Lombardo.
Fields of a thousand shimmers: canopy architecture determines high‐frequency light fluctuations
Authors: Durand Maxime , Robson T. Matthew
Published: February 2023

Wind‐induced movement in the canopy produces rapid fluctuations in irradiance, called ‘windflecks’. They create a dynamic environment for photosynthesis that bears little resemblance to the stable controlled conditions under which plants are typically measured.

We recorded time series of irradiance to assess the diversity of windfleck properties (intensity, duration, frequency, clustering, and spectral composition) in canopies of four crops and five tree species. We also measured traits associated with leaf morphology and canopy architecture, which could be associated with canopy‐specific differences in windflecks.

Distinct features of windfleck properties were identified both between and among crop and tree canopy. Windflecks in crops were generally more intense and longer, and baseline irradiance was much higher than even the peak irradiance during a windfleck in a forest. The change in spectral composition during a windfleck was species‐specific. Overall, irradiance fluctuations were less frequent and less intense in tall canopies and with increased depth from the canopy.

Our systematic exploration of how canopy structure dictates light dynamics provides new insight into windfleck creation. Coupled with progress in elucidation of the mechanisms of photosynthetic induction, this knowledge should improve our capacity to model canopy ecophysiology and understand light use efficiency in shade.
The evaluation of an online nurse‐assisted eye‐screening tool in older adults receiving home healthcare
Authors: Elsman Ellen B. M. , Lee Shan Qi , van der Aa Hilde P. A. , van Nassau Femke , Wisse Robert P. L. , Maarsingh Otto R. , Keunen Jan E. E. , van Rens Ger H. M. B. , van Nispen Ruth M. A.
Published: February 2023

Purpose

To investigate the agreement between an online nurse‐assisted eye‐screening tool and reference tests in older adults receiving home healthcare and to collect user experiences.

Methods

Older adults (65+) receiving home healthcare were included. Home healthcare nurses assisted in administering the eye‐screening tool at participants' homes. Approximately 2 weeks later, a researcher administered reference tests at participants' homes. Experiences from participants and home healthcare nurses were collected. Agreement in outcomes (distance and near visual acuity, with the latter being measured using two different optotypes, and macular problems) between the eye‐screening tool and reference clinical testing was compared. A difference of less than ±0.15 logMAR was considered acceptable.

Results

A total of 40 participants were included. Here, we describe the results for the right eye; results for the left eye were similar. The mean difference between the eye‐screening tool and reference tests for distance visual acuity was 0.02 logMAR. The mean difference between the eye‐screening tool and reference tests using two different optotypes for near visual acuity was 0.06 and 0.03 logMAR, respectively. The majority of the individual data points were within the ±0.15 logMAR threshold (75%, 51% and 58%, respectively). The agreement between tests for macular problems was 75%. Participants and home healthcare nurses were generally satisfied with the eye‐screening tool, although remarks for further improvements were made.

Conclusions

The eye‐screening tool is promising for nurse‐assisted eye screening in older adults receiving home healthcare, with the mostly satisfactory agreement. After implementing the eye‐screening tool in practice, cost‐effectiveness needs to be investigated.
New insights into visually impaired patients' preferred reading illumination and home‐based reading speed with new task‐lighting
Authors: McIntosh Samantha , Yu Megan , Estabrook Max , Bittner Ava K.
Published: February 2023

Introduction

When optimal lighting is applied to hard‐copy materials for visually impaired individuals, laboratory‐based reading performance can improve significantly. However, it is not known whether their lighting preferences are related to ocular factors or if laboratory‐based reading improvements will translate to home‐based environments.

Methods

Preferences for brightness (lux) and colour temperature (degrees Kelvin; K) with the LuxIQ/2 for ‘most comfort’ while reading at near were evaluated in‐clinic for 71 adults with ocular disease affecting the outer (n = 37; 52%), inner or all retinal layers (n = 34; 48%). Twenty participants received either an OttLite Cobra lamp or a generic gooseneck lamp with a bulb resembling LuxIQ/2 parameters for their preferred reading light, and then completed home‐based telephone evaluations using the sustained silent reading test.

Results

Participants with outer retinal disease preferred significantly brighter light intensity by an average of 838 lux versus those with inner retinal disease (95% CI: 331, 1344; p = 0.002). No participants opted for a coloured tint for reading based on the LuxIQ/2 measurements since they preferred white light only; most preferred the OttLite Cobra lamp. At home, reading speed improved significantly by an average of 37 words per minute with the new lamp (95% CI: 12, 62; p = 0.005).

Conclusions

Patients with outer retinal disease prefered brighter light intensity for reading. Clinic‐based lighting preferences yielded improvements in reading speed when using a new task light at home.
How to Collaborate Well
Authors: Sweet Katherine
Published: February 2023

In this paper, I answer the question,how do we collaborate well with others?I first look at cases of good collaboration, contrasting them briefly with some cases of poor collaboration; I then describe the similarities between the good cases, such as shared aims, shared planning of projects, shared norms among collaborators. The conclusion is that collaborating well involves shared norms, derived both from societal norms and from a well‐ordered relationship between participants; a shared vision derived from shared knowledge and open communication grounded in relationship; and open‐mindedness and thoughtful disagreement, which depend on mutual respect and trust between participants.
Barriers and enablers for young people, parents and therapists undertaking behavioural activation for depression: A qualitative evaluation within a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Kitchen Charlotte E. W. , Lewis Sue , Ekers David , Gega Lina , Tiffin Paul A.
Published: February 2023

Background

Adolescent depression is common, long‐lasting and debilitating. Behavioural Activation (BA) is a brief, evidence‐based therapy for depression in adults with promising outcomes for young people.

Objectives

We sought to understand how young people, their parents and therapists experienced manualised BA for depression within Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services.

Design

Participants in a randomised controlled trial aged 12 to17 with depression, their parents and therapists were invited to a semi‐structured interview with a researcher to explore their experiences of receiving, supporting or delivering BA.

Methods

Six young people, five parents and five therapists were interviewed. Verbatim interview transcripts were coded using thematic analysis.

Results

Factors that may optimise delivery of BA were: boosting the young person's motivation, tailoring parental input to the young person's needs/wishes and developing a positive collaboration between the young person and therapist. Engagement with treatment may be hindered by a mismatch between BA delivery and young person's preferences, concurrent mental health comorbidities that are not addressed within a wider care package, lack of parental support and therapist preconceptions against manualised therapy or BA.

Conclusions

Manualised BA for young people requires flexibility and adjustment to meet individual and family needs. Therapist preparation could dispel hindering preconceptions about the suitability and potential value of this brief and simple intervention for young people with complex needs and different learning styles.
Breeding high‐protein pigeonpea genotypes and their agronomic and biological assessments
Authors: Saxena K. B. , Reddy L. J. , Saxena Rachit K.
Published: February 2023

Proteins, inevitable for nutritional security of human beings and legumes, by far, are the cheapest source of this vital nutrient. The escalating prices and never halting population growth limit the per capita availability of protein‐rich legumes. In view of limited land resource and need to grow other food crops, the greater protein harvests are possible only by increasing the protein levels of popularly grown legumes. In this context, attempts were made for raising the protein content in pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan(L.) Millsp.] through traditional plant breeding tools. For this, the high‐protein trait was successfully transferred from wild relatives of pigeonpea to the cultivated types. In the derived inbred lines, the protein content was significantly enhanced from 20% ‐ 22% to 28% ‐ 30%. Two high‐protein lines HPL 40 and HPL 8 also produced 2100 and 1660 kg/ha grain yield, respectively. This simply means that, in comparison with traditional cultivars, the cultivation of high‐protein lines will provide additional 100 kg/ha of digestible protein to the farming family. This paper, besides describing the breeding procedures, also discusses the accomplishments of this breeding endeavour with respect to its various nutritional and biological properties.
Penile terra firma‐forme dermatosis in children
Authors: Zhou Youyou , Zhang Jianglin , Zheng Lixiong , Yang Fang
Published: February 2023

Terra firma‐forme dermatosis (TFFD) is a rare, acquired keratinization disorder that predominantly affects children and young adults. Herein, we report three unusual cases of penile TFFD in children and the histopathologic and ultrastructural observations.
Light‐emitting Diode Can Enhance the Metabolism and Paracrine Action of Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Mansano Barbara Sampaio Dias Martins , da Rocha Vitor Pocani , Teixeira Ighor Luiz Azevedo , de Oliveira Helenita Antonia , Vieira Stella Souza , Antonio Ednei Luiz , Tucci Paulo Jose Ferreira , Serra Andrey Jorge
Published: February 2023

This study investigated the influence of red light‐emitting diodes (LED, 630 nm) on different irradiation parameters and the number of applications on mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue (AdMSCs) metabolism and paracrine factors. The AdMSCs were irradiated with a LEDbox device (output power: 2452.5 mW; laser beam: 163.5 cm2; irradiance: 15 mW cm−2) using radiant exposures of 0.5, 2, and 4 J cm−2, respectively. AdMSCs were irradiated once or every 48 h up to three irradiations. All molecular analyses were performed 24 h after the last irradiation. LED did not induce changes in cell count, DNA damage, and oxidative stress. A significant repercussion of the LED has been noticed after three irradiations with 4 J cm−2. AdMSCs had higher levels of IL‐6, IGF‐1, and NOx index. A higher ATP content and MMT/Resazurin assay were identified in AdMSCs irradiated three times with 4 J cm−2. Mitochondrial basal respiration, maximal respiration and proton leak under metabolic stress were reduced by 0.5 and 2 J cm−2 irradiations. These data showed that three LED irradiations with 4 J cm−2 may be a suitable parameter for future AdMSCs therapy because of its improved metabolic activity, ATP content, and IL‐6, IGF‐1, and nitric oxide secretion.
Dependence of eigenvalues of Dirac system on the parameters
Authors: Li Kun , Zhang Maozhu , Zheng Zhaowen
Published: February 2023

The dependence of eigenvalues of Dirac system with general boundary conditions is studied. It is shown that the eigenvalues of Dirac operators depend not only continuously but also smoothly on the coefficients, the boundary conditions, and the endpoints of the problem. Furthermore, the differential expressions of the eigenvalues as regards these parameters are given. The results obtained in this paper would provide theoretical support for the numerical calculations of eigenvalues of the corresponding problems.
An evaluation of different dilution modes on circuit lifespan during continuous veno‐venous hemodiafiltration without anticoagulation
Authors: Wang Fang , Zhang Min , Li Xu , Sun Xiankun , He Xuanchen , Guan Mingjing , Chen Zhiwen , Lin Li , Tang Xue , Zhang Ling
Published: February 2023

Background

Circuit clotting remains a major problem during continuous kidney replacement therapy (CKRT), particularly in patients with contraindications to anticoagulant use. We hypothesized that the different options of alternative replacement fluid infusion sites might affect circuit lifespan. However, research‐based evidence supporting an optimal replacement fluid infusion strategy is limited. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effect of three dilution modes (pre‐dilution, post‐dilution, and pre‐ to post‐dilution) on circuit lifespan during continuous veno‐venous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF).

Methods

This prospective cohort study was conducted between December 2019 and December 2020. Patients requiring CKRT were enrolled to receive pre‐dilution, post‐dilution, or pre‐ to post‐dilution fluid infusion with CVVHDF. The primary endpoint was circuit lifespan, and the secondary outcomes included the clinical parameters of patients, such as changes in serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels, 28‐day all‐cause mortality, and length of stay. For all patients included in this study, only the first circuit used was recorded.

Results

Among the 132 patients enrolled in this study, 40 were in the pre‐dilution mode, 42 were in the post‐dilution mode, and 50 were in the pre‐ to post‐dilution mode. The mean circuit lifespan was significantly longer in the pre‐ to post‐dilution group (45.72 h, 95% CI, 39.75–51.69 h) than in the pre‐dilution group (31.58 h, 95% CI, 26.33–36.82 h) and the post‐dilution group (35.20 h, 95% CI, 29.62–40.78 h). There was no significant difference between the pre‐ and post‐dilution group circuit lifespan (p > 0.05). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis revealed a significant difference between the three dilution modes (p = 0.001). No significant differences were observed in terms of changes in the Scr and BUN levels, admission day, and 28‐day all‐cause mortality among the three dilution groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

The pre‐ to post‐dilution mode significantly prolonged circuit lifespan but did not reduce Scr and BUN levels, compared with the pre‐dilution and post‐dilution modes during CVVHDF when no anticoagulants were used.
Creativity: Celebrations and tensions
Authors: Taylor Stephanie
Published: February 2023

In 1950, the President of the American Psychological Association emphasised the economic and political importance of creativity for US society. His account of creativity exhibits a number of tensions that can be identified in other psychologists' theories and conceptualisations of creativity. This paper considers the tensions from the perspective of critical discursive psychology. In the terms of that approach, the tensions derive from multiple non‐academic discourses around creativity, including popular discourses of creativity and art. The paper argues that conceptualisations of creativity from academic psychology have in turn entered wider discourses, invoked, for example, in recent celebrations of the global sector of the creative and cultural industries (CCI). The tensions within psychology's conceptualisations are significant, however, because they raise questions about the extent to which the psychology of creativity has a common reference and coheres around the study of a single phenomenon.
Pathogen inactivation methods to prevent transfusion‐transmissible arboviruses: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Giménez‐Richarte Ángel , Ortiz de Salazar María Isabel , Giménez‐Richarte María‐Paz , Larrea Luís , Arbona Cristina , Marco Pascual , Ramos‐Rincón José‐Manuel
Published: February 2023

Objective

Arboviruses are emerging as a relevant threat to transfusion safety. Pathogen inactivation methods (PIMs) may reduce the risk of transmission through transfusion, as long as they meet minimum standards for effectiveness. This study aims to assess the log reduction of viral load achieved with different PIMs, according to the blood product they are used on and the arbovirus targeted.

Methods

Systematic literature review and meta‐analysis. Searches were conducted in MEDLINE and Embase. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO CRD42022312061. We selected records reporting the log reduction of viral load achieved with the main PIMs (amotosalen + UVA light [INTERCEPT], riboflavin + UV light [Mirasol], methylene blue + visible light/UVC light [THERAFLEX], solvent detergent, amustaline [INTERCEPT] and PEN110 [Inactine]), applied to any blood product (plasma, platelets, red blood cells or whole blood) and for any arbovirus. The log reduction of viral loads was assessed by obtaining the mean log reduction factor (LRF). We compared and classified the LRF of different techniques using statistical methods.

Results

We included 59 publications reporting LRF results in 17 arboviruses. For 13 arboviruses, including Chikungunya virus, Dengue virus, West Nile virus and Zika virus, at least one of the methods achieves adequate or optimal log reduction of viral load−mean LRF ≥4. The LRF achieved with riboflavin + UV light is inferior to the rest of the techniques, both overall and specifically for plasma, platelets preserved in platelet additive solution (PAS)/plasma, and red blood cells/whole blood. The LRF achieved using Mirasol is also lower for inactivating Chikungunya virus, Dengue virus and Zika virus. For West Nile virus, we found no significant differences. In plasma, the method that achieves the highest LRF is solvent/detergent; in platelets, THERAFLEX and INTERCEPT; and in red blood cells/whole blood, PEN110 (Inactine).

Conclusion

Not all PIMs achieve the same LRF, nor is this equivalent between the different arboviruses or blood products. Overall, the LRFs achieved using riboflavin + UV light (Mirasol) are inferior to those achieved with the rest of the PIMs. Regarding the others, LRFs vary by arbovirus and blood product. In light of the threat of different arboviruses, blood establishments should have already validated PIMs and be logistically prepared to implement these techniques quickly.
Exotic ideals in free transformation group C∗$\mathbf {C}^*$‐algebras
Authors: Exel Ruy , Pitts David R. , Zarikian Vrej
Published: February 2023

Let be a discrete group acting freely via homeomorphisms on the compact Hausdorff space and let be the completion of the convolution algebra with respect to a ‐norm . A non‐zero ideal is exotic if . We show that exotic ideals are present whenever is non‐amenable and there is an invariant probability measure on . This fact, along with the recent theory of exotic crossed product functors, allows us to provide answers to two questions of K. Thomsen.

Using the Koopman representation and a recent theorem of Elek, we show that when is a countably‐infinite group having property (T) and is the Cantor set, there exists a free and minimal action of on and a ‐norm on such that contains the compact operators as an exotic ideal. We use this example to provide a positive answer to a question of A. Katavolos and V. Paulsen.

The opaque and grey ideals in have trivial intersection with , and a result from Exel and Pitts [Characterizing groupoid ‐algebras of non‐Hausdorff étale groupoids, Lecture Notes in Mathematics, vol. 2306, Springer, Cham, 2022] shows that they coincide when the action of is free; however, the problem of whether these ideals can be non‐zero was left unresolved. We present an example of a free action of on a compact Hausdorff space along with a ‐norm for which these ideals are non‐trivial, in particular, they are exotic ideals.
The explicit Zelevinsky–Aubert duality
Authors: Atobe Hiraku , Mínguez Alberto
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we give an explicit computable algorithm for the Zelevinsky–Aubert duals of irreducible representations of $p$-adic symplectic and odd special orthogonal groups. To do this, we establish explicit formulas for certain derivatives and socles. We also give a combinatorial criterion for the irreducibility of certain parabolically induced representations.