bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bridging Theory and Practice in Entertainment Education: An Assessment of the Conceptualization and Design of Tsha Tsha in South Africa
Authors: Makwambeni Blessing , Salawu Abiodun
Published: February 2018

The entertainment–education (E-E) strategy in development communication has been widely described as the panacea to development challenges in Africa. However, despite its growing application on the continent, E-E is still argued to be inhibited from contributing meaningfully toward development efforts. E-E interventions are argued to be hamstrung by their failure to embrace theoretical advances in development communication and E-E scholarship and for remaining rooted in the modernization paradigm. Using the social change paradigm as its framework, this article assesses the notions of development, change, communication, audiences, and education that underpin the conceptualization and design of Tsha Tsha, an E-E television drama that uses a novel cultural approach to address issues surrounding HIV and AIDS in South Africa. The data informing the study were gathered through a Focused Synthesis Approach and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The study’s findings show that significant efforts have been made by Tsha Tsha’s producers to bridge E-E practice and contemporary development communication and E-E scholarship. The data analyzed in the study show that Tsha Tsha’s notions of development, change, education, communication, and audience have been significantly remoored in line with the core tenets of the E-E for Social Change paradigm. The implications of the study are that more engagement and synergies need to be cultivated between E-E practitioners and development communication and E-E scholars if E-E’s full potential, in contributing to development challenges on the continent, is to be realized.
HIV-Positive Patients’ Perceptions of Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence in Relation to Subjective Time: Imprinting, Domino Effects, and Future Shadowing
Authors: Lessard David , Toupin Isabelle , Engler Kim , Lènàrt Andràs ,   I-Score Consulting Team, Lebouché Bertrand
Published: February 2018

Antiretroviral treatment adherence barriers are major concerns in HIV care. They are multiple and change over time. Considering temporality in patients’ perceptions of adherence barriers could improve adherence management. We explored how temporality manifests itself in patients’ perceptions of adherence barriers. We conducted 2 semi-structured focus groups on adherence barriers with 12 adults with HIV which were analyzed with grounded theory. A third focus group served to validate the results obtained. Three temporal categories were manifest in HIV-positive patients’ perceptions of barriers: (1) imprinting (events with lasting impacts on patients), (2) domino effects (chain of life events), and (3) future shadowing (apprehension about long-term adherence). An overarching theme, weathering (gradual erosion of abilities to adhere), traversed these categories. These temporalities explain how similar barriers may be perceived differently by patients. They could be useful to providers for adapting their interventions and improving understanding of patients’ subjective experience of adherence.
High Virologic Failure Rates with Maraviroc-Based Salvage Regimens Among Indian Patients: A Preliminary Analysis—Maraviroc Effectiveness in HIV-1 Subtype C
Authors: Pujari Sanjay , Gaikwad Sunil , Bele Vivek , Joshi Kedar , Dabhade Digamber
Published: February 2018

Background:

There is no information on the clinical effectiveness of Maraviroc (MVC) amongst People Living with HIV (PLHIV) in India infected with HIV-1 Subtype C viruses.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective chart review of adult PLHIV on MVC based Antiretroviral (ARV) regimens for at least 6 months. Maraviroc was initiated amongst PLHIV with documented R5 tropic viruses (determined by in-house population sequencing of the V3 loop in triplicate and interpreted using the Geno2Pheno algorithm) in combination with an Optimized Background regimen (designed using genotypic resistance testing and past ARV history). Plasma viral loads (PVL) are performed 6 months post-initiation and annually thereafter. Primary outcome d. Median duration on MVC treatment was 1.8 years (range 1-2.9 years) while median duration of ART prior to switching to MVC was 13 years. Maraviroc was combined with Darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/r) (n=10), Atazanavir/r (ATV/r) (n=2) and Lopinavir/r (LPV/r) (n=1). All PLHIV were infected with HIV-1 Subtype C. Only 23.3% PLHIV achieved virologic suppression at 6 months and sustained it for 2.3 years. Median CD4 count change from baseline was +117 (n=13), +228 (n=10), +253 (n=9), and +331 (n=4) at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months respectively. Repeat tropism among patients with virologic failure demonstrated R5 virus.

Conclusions:

High rates of virologic failure was seen when MVC was used amongst treatment experienced PLHIV infected with HIV-1 Subtype C in India. was the proportion of PLHIV with virologic success (PVL<50 copies/ml) at last follow up visit.

Results:

Data on 13 PLHIV were analyze
Shoulder MRI Abnormalities in Asymptomatic Little League Baseball Players
Authors: Pennock Andrew T. , Dwek Jerry , Levy Emily , Stearns Philip , Manning John , Dennis M. Morgan , Davis-Juarez Amanda , Bastrom Tracey , Taylor Kenneth S.
Published: February 2018

Background:

Youth baseball is extremely popular in the United States, but it has been associated with shoulder pain and injury. The incidence of shoulder abnormalities in this athletic population has yet to be defined.

Purpose:

To examine abnormalities noted on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the shoulders of asymptomatic Little League baseball players and to correlate these findings with the players’ throwing history and physical examinations.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A total of 23 Little League baseball players aged 10 to 12 years were recruited. All players underwent a comprehensive physical examination and responded to a questionnaire addressing their playing history and any arm or shoulder pain. Bilateral shoulder MRIs were performed and read in a blinded manner by 2 radiologists. Responses on the questionnaire and physical examination findings were compared between participants with and without positive MRI findings through use of chi-square test and analysis of variance.

Results:

The dominant arm was 8.5 times more likely to have an abnormality on MRI compared with the nondominant arm. In all, 12 players (52%) had 17 positive MRI findings in their throwing shoulder that were not present in their nondominant shoulder. These findings included edema or widening of the proximal humeral physis (n = 5), labral tear (n = 4), partial rotator thickness tear (n = 4), acromioclavicular joint abnormality (n = 2), subacromial bursitis (n = 1), and cystic change of the greater tuberosity (n = 1). Two primary risk factors were associated with an abnormal MRI: year-round play and single-sport athletes focusing solely on baseball ( P < .05). Players with no risk factors, 1 risk factor, and both risk factors had a 25%, 71%, and 100% chance, respectively, of having an abnormal MRI. A majority of players (61%) had previously experienced shoulder pain, especially pitchers throwing curveballs and sliders ( P < .05), but this was not associated with an abnormal MRI.

Conclusion:

Abnormalities seen on MRI involving the shoulder are common in Little League baseball players, especially those who are single-sport athletes playing year-round.
Accounting for the Decreasing Willingness of U.S. High School Seniors to Protest, 1976–2015
Authors: Kim Hyun Woo , McCarthy John D.
Published: February 2018

Protest waves ebb and flow in contemporary America. Willingness to protest is a key precursor to a fledgling citizen’s potential for eventually being mobilized to participate in a public demonstration. Here, we explore trends in high school seniors’ willingness to protest from 1976 through 2015, employing annual data from the Monitoring the Future survey. After modest increases in willingness to protest that occurred for cohorts during the early-1990s, willingness to protest has steadily decreased for subsequent cohorts. We found that political interest, prior political experiences, and social engagement have a significant impact on time-series and cross-sectional variations in the willingness to protest for all cohorts. We address the larger implications of our research findings for theories of political participation and social movements.
Key assumptions in multiscale segregation measures: How zoning and strength of spatial association condition outcomes
Authors: Fowler Christopher S
Published: February 2018

Multiscale segregation measures have the potential to increase understanding of residential context and ultimately a wide range of social and spatial processes. By examining segregation at multiple scales, we have the opportunity to study it as more than the outcome of a single process or a measure describing a single contextual effect. Multiscale segregation encourages us to look for sorting processes and contextual effects operating at different scales and potentially even with different meanings. However, the complexity of multiscale measures introduces significant uncertainty about the role of underlying data and assumptions in producing observed outcomes, particularly at fine geographic scales. While traditional measures of segregation have been exposed to decades of scrutiny, multiscale measures are still relatively novel and less well understood. The theoretical contribution of this paper is to consider the implications of segregation as both an outcome and signifier of sorting processes at multiple scales. The empirical contribution is to consider how zoning and the degree of spatial association shape outcomes expressed as multiscale segregation measures. I examine the effects of different allocation strategies for measuring population at small scales by comparing four delineation methods. I find that the method chosen for allocating population to small areas matters, but that by the time observation units reach about 700 m2 most of the difference between methods has washed out. I also test the effect of changing the degree of assumed spatial association in generating multiscale segregation measures. I find that, as suggested by Reardon and O'Sullivan in their original exposition of their spatial segregation measure, this assumption has a relatively small effect on outcomes and is unlikely to shape substantive findings.
Pharmacovigilance of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors for Genital Fungal Infections and Urinary Tract Infections: A Review of the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System Database
Authors: Mohammad Hannah , Borja-Hart Nancy
Published: February 2018

Background: Postmarketing surveillance had previously identified the need for revisions in the labeling of the sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors drug class related to the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis. Other adverse events have been reported. Objective: To examine postmarketing surveillance data of the SGLT2 inhibitors, using the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database, specifically to assess prevalence of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and genital fungal infections. Methods: FAERS case reports submitted between March 2013 and November 2015 were reviewed for 6 SGLT2 inhibitors (mono and combo therapies). The Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) was used to define preferred terms (genital fungal infections: vulvovaginal mycotic infection, vulvovaginal candidiasis, urinary tract infection fungal, and genital candidiasis; UTI: urinary tract infection, genitourinary tract infection, kidney infection, cystitis, and pyelonephritis). Word frequencies were queried using the qualitative data analysis software NVivo 11 (QSR International), and results were then individually reviewed. Results: A total of 12 581 cases were received, but 466 were excluded (total n = 12 115). A total of 348 cases related to genital fungal infections were reported (2.9% of reports submitted): dapagliflozin = 53, empagliflozin/linagliptin = 6, canagliflozin = 267, canagliflozin/metformin = 3, empagliflozin = 17, and dapagliflozin/metformin HCl ER = 2. A total of 727 cases related to UTIs were reported (6% of reports submitted): dapagliflozin = 168, empagliflozin/linagliptin = 5, canagliflozin/metformin = 8, canagliflozin = 503, empagliflozin = 38, and dapagliflozin/metformin HCl ER = 5. Conclusions: A causal relationship between SGLT2 inhibitors and the adverse events reported cannot be established due to the nature of postmarketing surveillance. However, health care providers should counsel patients about these potential adverse events.
Ionically cross-linked chitosan–halloysite composite microparticles for sustained drug release
Authors: Čalija Bojan , Milić Jela , Janićijević Jelena , Daković Aleksandra , Krajišnik Danina
Published: February 2018

This study investigated the potential of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) to improve the sustained release properties of chitosan (CS) microparticles cross-linked ionically with tripolyphosphate (TPP). Composite CS-HNTs microparticles were obtained by a simple and eco-friendly procedure based on a coaxial extrusion technique. Prior to encapsulation, a water-soluble model drug, verapamil hydrochloride (VH), was adsorbed successfully on HNTs. The microparticles were characterized by optical microscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential thermal analysis/ thermogravimetric analysis (DTA/TG) and evaluated for encapsulation efficiency and drug-release properties. The composite particles had a slightly deformed spherical shape and micrometric size with average perimeters ranging from 485.4 ± 13.3 to 492.4 ± 11.9 μm. The results of FTIR spectroscopy confirmed non-covalent interactions between CS and HNTs within composite particle structures. The DTA and TG studies revealed increased thermal stability of the composite particles in comparison to the CS-TPP particles. Drug adsorption on HNTs prior to encapsulation led to an increase in encapsulation efficiency from 19.6 ± 2.9 to 84.3 ± 1.9%. In contrast to the rapid release of encapsulated model drug from CS-TPP microparticles, the composite CS-HNTs microparticles released drug in a sustained manner, showing the best fit to the Bhaskar model. The results presented here imply that HNTs could be used to improve morphology, encapsulation efficiency and sustained drug-release properties of CS microparticles cross-linked ionically with TPP.
Dock8 regulates BCR signaling and activation of memory B cells via WASP and CD19
Authors: Sun Xiaoyu , Wang Jinzhi , Qin Tao , Zhang Yongjie , Huang Lu , Niu Linlin , Bai Xiaoming , Jing Yukai , Xuan Xingtian , Miller Heather , Zhao Yao , Song Wenxia , Tang Xuemei , Zhang Zhiyong , Zhao Xiaodong , Liu Chaohong
Published: February 2018

Key Points

Dock8 regulates the expression of CD19 and WASP. BCR clustering and B-cell spreading are decreased in memory B cells of Dock8 patients.
Superbugs in the supermarket? Assessing the rate of contamination with third-generation cephalosporin-resistant gram-negative bacteria in fresh Australian pork and chicken
Authors: McLellan Jade E. , Pitcher Ashleigh J. , Ballard Susan A. , Grabsch Elizabeth A. , Bell Jan M. , Barton Mary , Grayson M. Lindsay
Published: February 2018

Background

Antibiotic misuse in food-producing animals is potentially associated with human acquisition of multidrug-resistant (MDR; resistance to ≥ 3 drug classes) bacteria via the food chain. We aimed to determine if MDR Gram-negative (GNB) organisms are present in fresh Australian chicken and pork products.

Methods

We sampled raw, chicken drumsticks (CD) and pork ribs (PR) from 30 local supermarkets/butchers across Melbourne on two occasions. Specimens were sub-cultured onto selective media for third-generation cephalosporin-resistant (3GCR) GNBs, with species identification and antibiotic susceptibility determined for all unique colonies. Isolates were assessed by PCR for SHV, TEM, CTX-M, AmpC and carbapenemase genes (encoding IMP, VIM, KPC, OXA-48, NDM).

Results

From 120 specimens (60 CD, 60 PR), 112 (93%) grew a 3GCR-GNB (n = 164 isolates; 86 CD, 78 PR); common species were Acinetobacter baumannii (37%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13%) and Serratia fonticola (12%), but only one E. coli isolate. Fifty-nine (36%) had evidence of 3GCR alone, 93/163 (57%) displayed 3GCR plus resistance to one additional antibiotic class, and 9/163 (6%) were 3GCR plus resistance to two additional classes. Of 158 DNA specimens, all were negative for ESBL/carbapenemase genes, except 23 (15%) which were positive for AmpC, with 22/23 considered to be inherently chromosomal, but the sole E. coli isolate contained a plasmid-mediated CMY-2 AmpC.

Conclusions

We found low rates of MDR-GNBs in Australian chicken and pork meat, but potential 3GCR-GNBs are common (93% specimens). Testing programs that only assess for E. coli are likely to severely underestimate the diversity of 3GCR organisms in fresh meat.
Cancer Supportive and Survivorship Care in Singapore: Current Challenges and Future Outlook
Authors: Loh Kiley Wei-Jen , Ng Terence , Choo Su Pin , Saw Hay Mar , Mahendran Rathi , Tan Celia , Chang Gail Chia Yang , Ong Yew Jin , Yee Alethea Chung Pheng , Chan Alexandre , Soo Khee Chee
Published: February 2018

Despite being a relatively young nation, Singapore has established itself as a leading multifaceted medical hub, both regionally and globally. Although Singapore continues to pursue excellence in oncology care, cancer supportive care and survivorship care remain in the infancy stage. In an effort to advance this important aspect of oncology care in Singapore, the first cancer supportive and survivorship care forum was held in December 2016, involving 74 oncology practitioners. The primary goals of this forum were to raise awareness of the importance of cancer supportive and survivorship care and to provide a platform for oncology practitioners of diverse backgrounds to converge and address the challenges associated with the delivery of cancer supportive and survivorship care in Singapore. Key challenges identified during this forum included, but were not limited to, care fragmentation in an oncologist-centric model of care, poor integration of allied health and rehabilitation services, passive engagement of community partners, lack of specialized skill sets and knowledge in supportive and survivorship care, and patient-related barriers such as poor health literacy. The survivorship care model commonly used in Singapore places an imbalanced emphasis on surveillance for cancer recurrence and second primary cancers, with little attention given to the supportive and survivorship needs of the survivors. In summary, these challenges set the stage for the development and use of a more survivor-centric model, one that focuses not only on cancer surveillance, but also on the broad and unique physical and psychosocial needs of survivors of cancer in Singapore.
Case Report: Evaluation strategies and cognitive intervention: the case of a monovular twin child affected by selective mutism
Authors: Capobianco Micaela , Cerniglia Luca
Published: February 2018

The present work describes the assessment process, evaluation strategies, and cognitive intervention on a 9 years old child with selective mutism (SM), a monovular twin of a child also affected by mutism. Currently, the cognitive behavioral multimodal treatment seems the most effective therapeutic approach for children diagnosed with selective mutism (Capobianco & Cerniglia, 2018). The illustrated case confirms the role of biological factors involved in mutacic disorder but also highlights the importance of environmental influences in the maintenance of the disorder with respect to relational and contextual dynamics (e.g. complicity between sisters, family relationships). The article discusses furthermore the importance of an early diagnosis as a predictor of positive treatment outcomes.
A partnership approach can benefit everyone
Authors: Hunt Maureen
Published: February 2018

The landscape for childminders is changing and despite a demand, fewer individuals are choosing to take up this role. A closer working relationship with children's families can help to overcome this.
The scent of an opportunity
Authors: Clarke Jenni
Published: February 2018

Jenni Clarke explores ways to keep things simple in the early years. This month's article looks at the everyday resources and materials you can use to stimulate complex play – flowers, real and fabric.
Recovering Nitrogen from Farm-Scale Drainage: Mechanism and Economics
Authors: Shukla Asmita , Shukla Sanjay , Hodges Alan W
Published: February 2018

Abstract.

A two-year study evaluated the nitrogen (N) fluxes, processing, and treatment efficiency (TE) of a 14.85 ha stormwater detention area (SDA) receiving drainage from a vegetable farm in subtropical Florida. The TE was 62% and 89% in years 1 and 2, respectively. Seepage N losses are often ignored in estimating stormwater treatment. Approximately 11% and 20% of the incoming N left the SDA through seepage, reducing the TE to 51% and 67% in years 1 and 2, respectively, indicating the importance of subsurface N losses for downstream water quality. Rainfall variability controlled the timing and volume of the inflow drainage and surface water levels inside the SDA. Variable water levels controlled the aerobic and anoxic conditions inside the SDA, thus controlling the N processing and treatment. Coupled nitrification-denitrification, as a result of frequent wetting-drying cycles, was the main N treatment pathway during year 1. Drought conditions in year 2 led to 89% less surface outflow compared to year 1, resulting in water volume retention being the main process for N retention. The N TE could be increased from 68% to 86% if about two-thirds (63%) of aboveground biomass in the SDA area is harvested annually during the dry season. A payment for environmental services (PES) framework, with the state as buyer and the SDA owner as seller of N treatment services, was evaluated with a 20-year net present worth (NPW) of biomass harvesting for enhanced N treatment. The economic analysis included the benefit from composting the harvested biomass for on-farm use. A positive NPW ($835,000) indicated the economic feasibility of the project, predicting an annual benefit of $42,000 year-1 for the 112 ha farm. Scale-up of the PES approach can offer additional N treatment and C sequestration services as well as increased farm productivity. Keywords: Best management practices, Impoundments, Nutrient treatment, Payment for environmental services, Phytoremediation, Stormwater.
Impact of Channel Slope on Cutthroat Flume Performance
Authors: Chitrakar Suman , Miller Scott N. , Kempema Edward W. , Caffrey Paul A. , Stern Justin
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Cutthroat flumes are widely used in field projects to estimate discharge via a stage-discharge relationship. Flumes are commonly tested and calibrated in a laboratory to develop the stage-discharge relationship, but field installations often occur under non-idealized conditions, specifically with respect to bed slope. We calibrated a cutthroat flume with dimensions of 0.91 m length and 0.35 m throat width for bed slopes ranging from 0% to 2% to represent a range of field conditions. The experiment was conducted in the Water Resources Lab of the College of Engineering at the University of Wyoming, which provided highly accurate discharge measurements. Results showed negligible impact of slope on the resulting stage-discharge relationship under free flow conditions. We were able to generate a composite rating curve for bed slopes ranging from 0% to 2% for flumes of this size. Our study indicates that, under free flow conditions, longitudinal floor slopes ranging from 0% to 2% do not significantly affect the cutthroat flume rating curve. Keywords: Cutthroat flume, Flume calibration, Free flow, Rating curve, Stream discharge.
Simulation of Energy Sorghum under Limited Irrigation Levels Using the EPIC Model
Authors: Chavez Jose C. , Enciso Juan , Meki Manyowa N. , Jeong Jaehak , Singh Vijay P.
Published: February 2018

Abstract.

Energy sorghum is one of the most attractive alternatives for producing energy in many regions of the world because of the high biomass productivity obtained in a short period. However, it faces many challenges, particularly where water resources are limited. Crop simulation models are suitable decision support tools for the assessment of crop water use and biomass production under different spatial and climatic conditions. Calibration of simulation models to local conditions is a necessary procedure to improve model reliability. The objective of this study was to calibrate and evaluate the Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) model for the production of energy sorghum under different irrigation levels. The model was then used to simulate crop biomass productivity and crop water use to identify appropriate irrigation strategies. This study was conducted at the Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center in Weslaco, Texas. Simulations were performed to determine the total dry biomass, crop water use, the relationship between crop productivity and crop evapotranspiration (ETc), and water use efficiency (WUE). Simulated ETc agreed well with estimates from a weather station, except for a few simulation events. The statistical parameters derived from measured versus simulated dry biomass in the calibrated model, which indicated that the model performed well, were R2 = 0.99 and PBIAS = -5.35%. The calibrated model showed great potential for simulating the total dry biomass. At full irrigation, the difference between measured and simulated total dry biomass was 4.3% in 2013 and 3.0% in 2015. This study showed that energy sorghum requires approximately 600 mm of water to obtain 23 Mg ha-1 of total dry biomass. It also demonstrated that the EPIC model could be used for assessment of crop water use and total biomass under limited irrigation levels, especially in semi-arid regions. Keywords: Crop model, Dry biomass, Energy sorghum, EPIC model, Irrigation, Model calibration, Water use efficiency.
Assessment Of Natural Radioactivity Level And Radiation Hazard Parameters In The Terrestrial Environment Of Eloor Island, Kerala
Authors: Balakrishnan Dhanya , Umadevi A.G , Abraham Jose P , JoJo P. J. , Harikumar M. , Radhakrishnan Sujata
Published: February 2018

The present study is aimed at measuring the concentration of primordial radionuclides in the soil samples of Eloor Island, an industrial area in Ernakulum District and evaluating the radiation exposure to the local population. The ambient radiation exposure rate was measured using portable scintillometer survey meter and the activity concentration of 232Th, 238U and 40K in the soil samples were analyzed using (5×4)” NaI(Tl) gamma spectrometer. The exposure rate measured using survey meter varied from 63 nGyh-1 to 374 nGyh-1. The activity concentration of 232Th, 238U and 40K in soil samples ranged from 44.8 Bq kg-1 to 792.8 Bqkg-1 for 232Th, 8 Bqkg-1 to 445.5 Bqkg-1 for 238U and 129 Bqkg-1 to 1160.5 Bqkg-1 for 40K. Hence the absorbed gamma dose and radiation hazard indices due to natural environmental radiation was done. The study showed no significant impact due to the NORM Industries in the Eloor Industrial region.
External Gamma Dose Levels In The Soil Samples of HBRAs of Kerala and Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Maria Jose Reeba , Byju S. Ben , Anilkumar S. , Chougaonkar M P
Published: February 2018

Knowledge on the distribution of these radionuclides in soil is of great importance for radiation protection and measurement. A systematic radiological survey has been carried out in the region of HBRAs in Kollam district of Kerala and Manavalakurichi in Tamilnadu in India to compare the natural gamma-radiation levels. 180 soil samples collected and were analyzed for 238U, 232Th and 40K by NaI(Tl) gamma-ray spectrometry. Heterogeneous distribution of radionuclides in the region may be attributed to the deposition phenomenon of soil in the region. The result of gamma dose rate measured at the sampling sites using survey meter showed an excellent correlation with dose rates computed from the natural radionuclides estimated from the soil samples. From these radioactivity levels, the radium equivalent activity and the external hazard index which resulted from the natural radionuclides in sediments are also tabulated for the analyzed samples and compared with internationally recommended values.
Leptin Gene as Potential Gene for Molecular Selection on Cattle in Indonesia
Authors: Putra Widya Pintaka Bayu , Indriastuti Rhesti
Published: February 2018

Genetic improvement in beef and dairy cattle which can increase meat and milk production can be conducted through livestock selection based on molecular technique using leptin gene. The leptin gene is located on the fourth chromosome and consists of three exons and two introns. The leptin gene serves to produce the leptin hormone secreted by fat tissue. High concentrations of leptin hormone can increase feed intake and body metabolism thereby increasing livestock productivity. This paper describes the leptin gene including structure, mechanism of leptin hormone and polymorphisms in cows. These polymorphisms occur in the promoter, intron and exon sections associated with body and carcass weight and milk production in some cattle breed. Therefore, leptin gene can be used for selection towards increasing cattle productivity. Utilization of leptin gene can be done by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) identification on the whole structure of leptin gene and to observe its effect on characteristics of cattle production in Indonesia.
KONSEP KETUHANAN MENURUT KRISTEN SAKSI YEHUWA
Authors: Ismail Roni
Published: February 2018

Ajaran Kristen mainstream meyakini Tritunggal secara dogmatis. Dogma Tritunggal mengimani ketuhanan Allah, Yesus Kristus, dan Roh Kudus sekaligus sebagaimana tercantum dalam kredo iman rasuli. Ketiga pribadi itu adalah pribadi Allah dan ketiga pribadi tersebut adalah Allah. Allah adalah Tuhan, Yesus adalah Tuhan, dan Roh Kudus juga Tuhan. Terdapat aliran Kristen yang bernama Saksi-Saksi Yehuwa yang menolak dogma Tritunggal ini. Menurut Saksi-Saksi Yehuwa, Tuhan itu Satu bernama Yehuwa. Hanya Yehuwa Yang Maha Kuasa dan Pencipta. Konsekwensinya, Yesus bukanlah Tuhan karena ia diciptakan atau makhluk. Konsep ketuhanan Saksi-Saksi Yehuwa ini bersifat monoteistik. Konsep ketuhanan yang monoteistik ini dijelaskan bahwa Hanya ada Satu Tuhan, Tidak ada Tuhan selain Yehuwa dalam ajaran Kristen Saksi Yehuwa (Kejadian 17:1); Tuhan memiliki sifat-sifat; dalam Alkitab dijelaskan Allah Yehuwa itu Maha Tinggi (Mazmur 83:18), Maha Kuasa (Penyingkapan 15:3), Raja kekekalan (Mazmur 90:2), Pencipta (Penyingkapan), dan Kudus (Yesaya 6:3). Key Words: Kristen Saksi Yehuwa, Yehuwa, monoteisme
KEWENANGAN PENGADILAN AGAMA DALAM MEMUTUS PEMBATALAN AKTA HIBAH (ANALISIS PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH AGUNG NOMOR : 78 PK/Ag/2013)
Authors: Hardianti Annisa Setyo
Published: February 2018

Pengertian hibah secara umum yaitu hibah termasuk dalam perbuatan hukum dimana terjadi pemindahan hak kepemilikan yang sengaja untuk dialihkan kepada pihak atau orang lain. Adapun hibah menurut hukum perdata diatur dalam Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Perdata atau Burgelijk Wetboek (BW) dalam Pasal 1666 sampai dengan Pasal 1693, sedangkan dalam hukum Islam hibah diatur dalam Kompilasi Hukum Islam (KHI) mulai dari Pasal 210 hingga Pasal 214. Dalam Pokok Permasalahan pembatalan Akta Hibah nomor : 162/Klj/11/1999, dimana terjadi suatu kesalahan yaitu putusan pada tingkat pertama dan kedua menyatakan bahwa Pengadilan Agama tidak berwenang untuk memutus perkara pembatalan Akta Hibah tersebut sedangkan sudah ada aturan yang dengan jelas mengatur bahwa Pengadilan Agama berwenang dalam memutus perkara diantara umat Islam atau muslim dalam Pasal 3 dan Pasal 49 Undang-Undang Nomor 3 Tahun 2006 yang telah diperbarui menjadi Undang-Undang Nomor 50 Tahun 2009 tentang Peradilan Agama. Hingga pada tingkat Kasasi dan Peninjauan Kembali putusan berubah menjadi Pengadilan Agama berwenang atas perkara pembatalan Akata Hibah tersebut. Adapun tujuan yang ingin dicapai melalui penelitian ini adalah untuk menganilisis putusan Mahkamah Agung nomor : 78 PK/Ag/2013 beserta segala proses sehingga tidak terjadi suatu kesalahan yang sama bagi para hakim yang kelak memutus perkara serupa. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan metode pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan pendekatan konsep (conceptual approach) yang kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan teknik preskripif. Putusan Hakim yang menyimpang dari aturan perundang-undangan mengenai kewenangan Pengadilan Agama mengakibatkan terjadinya suatu ketidakadilan dan tidak tercapainya suatu kepastian hukum, sedangkan negara telah mengatur dengan sangat jelas dalam Undang-undang.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM ATAS KRIMINALISASI TERHADAP NOTARIS
Authors: The Felix
Published: February 2018

Memasuki zaman Globalisasi, kebutuhan dalam pembuatan akta semakin meningkat tahun demi tahun. Aspek pertanggung jawaban notaris dipertanyakan saat dibatalkannya Akta Jual Beli yang akan dibuat. Padahal hal tersebut merupakan keinginan pihak yang menghadap notaris. Untuk mempertanggungjawabkan profesinya dan tanggung jawabnya selaku notaris, dilaporkan atas perbuatan pidana. Meningkatnya variasi kejahatan di dunia, menyebabkan korban yang semakin meluas, bukan hanya para penghadap saja, namun Notaris pun sering kali menjadi korban pemidanaan. Notaris harus mendapatkan perlindungan hukum atas dirinya. Upaya-upaya hukum harus ditempuh demi mencapai suatu kebenaran dan keadilan bagi notaris yang bersih. Inkonsistensi yang terjadi di masyarakat serta hal-hal yang terjadi diluar aturan hukum yang berlaku itulah yang mulai menjadikan celah untuk menjadikan Notaris melakukan perbuatan pidana. Masyarakat yang bersih, membenci akan adanya segala bentuk kejahatan, setiap kejahatan merupakan pelanggaran hukum dan melanggar hak-hak sosial, ekonomi, dan budaya yang hidup di kehidupan masyarakat. Notaris berperan aktif sebagai pejabat umum yang baik. Untuk mengantisipasi dan membuat suatu perikatan di masyarakat terutama di zaman era globalisasi ini.  Maka dari itu eksistensi hukum yang berlaku harus dapat memberikan jalan terang bagi profesi notaris.
GAGASAN PEMBENTUKAN PERADILAN KELUARGA DI INDONESIA
Authors: Busroh Firman Freaddy
Published: February 2018

Maraknya kasus-kasus keluarga di Indonesia perlu mendapat perhatian oleh pemerintah. Kasus-kasus keluarga di Indonesia seperti perceraian, sengketa waris, wasiat, hibah, penyelesaian harta bersama, pengangkatan anak, pencabutan kekuasaan wali, perkawinan campuran, kekerasan dalam rumah tangga membutuhkan solusi yang tepat dan cepat. Kasus-kasus keluarga tersebut saat ini diselesaikan melalui jalur Peradilan Agama bagi muslim dan Peradilan Umum bagi non muslim. Akibatnya adanya dualisme peradilan ini sering melahirkan konflik baru seperti adanya dualisme putusan yang bertentangan, tidak jelasnya kompetensi mengadili. Hal yang patut dipertanyakan juga bahwa Peradilan Agama hanya menyidangkan pemohon/penggugat yang beragama Islam padahal Agama yang diakui di Indonesia tidak hanya Islam melainkan agama-agama lain seperti Kristen, Budha, Hindu, Kong Hu Cu dan kepercayaan yang dijamin kebebasan dan perlindungannya oleh negara. Untuk itu perlu pendirian peradilan keluarga yang khusus mengadili urusan keluarga. Dengan adanya peradilan keluarga lebih menjamin kepastian hukum dan meringankan tugas-tugas peradilan umum.
TAAR1 induces a disturbed GSK3β phosphorylation in recurrent miscarriages through the ODC
Authors: Stavrou Stavroula , Gratz Michael , Tremmel Eileen , Kuhn Christina , Hofmann Simone , Heidegger Helene , Peryanova Mina , Hermelink Kerstin , Hutter Stefan , Toth Bettina , Mayr Doris , Mahner Sven , Jeschke Udo , Vattai Aurelia
Published: February 2018

Objectives

Thyroid hormones play an important role in the maintenance of pregnancy. Their derivates, endogenous amines, act via binding to the trace amine-associated receptor (TAAR1). The aim of our study was to analyse the regulation of TAAR1, serine/threonine kinase (pGSK3β) and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) in placentas of healthy pregnancies, spontaneous (SM) and recurrent miscarriages (RM) and to investigate the influence of thyroid hormone derivates on TAAR1 expression in trophoblast model cells in vitro.

Methods

Patients with SM (n = 15) and RM (n = 15) were compared with patients with healthy pregnancies (n = 15) (pregnancy weeks 7–13 each). Immunohistochemistry was applied to analyse placental TAAR1, pGSK3β and ODC expression. Protein expression of the receptors after stimulation with T3, T1AM and RO5203548 in BeWo trophoblast model cells was determined via Western blot. Double-immunofluorescence was used to determine placental expression of TAAR1 and ODC.

Results

Levels of TAAR1, pGSK3β and ODC were higher in placentas of RM in comparison to healthy controls. Stimulation of BeWo cells with T3, T1AM and RO5203548 significantly increased TAAR1 expression. ODC expression in BeWo cells was upregulated through T3. Via double-immunofluorescence, TAAR1 and ODC-positive EVT could be detected.

Conclusions

Upregulation of placental TAAR1 may indicate an increased decarboxylation of thyroid hormones in miscarriages. Patients with RM may have a lack of T3 through an enhanced transformation of T3 into T1AM induced by the ODC. Future investigations could be carried out to analyse what role a prophylactic T3 substitution plays for patients.
Clinical relevance of different WHO grade 3 pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms based on morphology
Authors: Han Xu , Xu Xuefeng , Ma Hongyun , Ji Yuan , Wang Dansong , Kuang Tiantao , Wu Wenchuan , Song Bin , Li Gang , Jin Gang , Lou Wenhui
Published: February 2018

Purpose

Emerging evidence suggests G3 pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNENs) present heterogeneous morphology and biology. The 2017 WHO classification has introduced a new category of well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (WD-pNETs) G3, compared with poorly differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas (PD-pNECs) G3. We aim to analysis the demographics and outcomes of patients with resectable 2017 WHO G3 pNENs to facilitate the distinction between two entities.

Methods

The multi-institutional retrospective cohort involving 57 surgically treated patients affected by 2017 WHO G3 pNENs were morphologically identified and clinically analyzed. Patients having WD-pNETs G3 and those having PD-pNECs G3 were compared.

Results

Thirty patients had WD-pNETs and 27 patients had PD-pNECs. The distributions of Ki-67 and mitotic count in patients with PD-pNECs or WD-pNETs showed remarkable disparities. ROC indicated cut-off value of Ki-67 was 45. PD-pNECs were more common in patients with elevated Ki-67 and mitotic count, advanced AJCC TNM stage, vascular invasion, regional lymph-node metastases, elevated NSE and decreased CgA levels compared with WD-pNETs (P < 0.05). The association between 2017 WHO G3 grade and TTR was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Univariate analysis indicated OS rates were associated with morphologic differentiation (WD-pNETs vs PD-pNECs), Ki-67, TNM staging, synchronous distant metastases, initial treatments, vascular invasion, regional lymph nodes metastases, mitotic count and age (P < 0.05). Multivariate analyses illustrated Ki-67, differentiation, TNM staging and vascular invasion were independent predictors (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

PD-pNECs G3 presented malignant biological behavior and dismal outcome compared with WD-pNETs G3. These findings challenge 2010 WHO classification and suggest the categorization can be improved by refined tumor grading.
Transcatheter Heart Valve Thrombosis: Incidence, Predictors, And Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Younes Ahmad ,   Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, Attizzani Guilherme F ,   Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, Kalra Ankur ,   Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
Published: February 2018

Since its initial approval, the number of transcatheter aortic valve replacement procedures performed has increased exponentially with evolving indications that now include patients at intermediate risk for perioperative mortality following surgery. Multiple studies and reports have observed the phenomenon of leaflet dysfunction and thrombosis on follow-up imaging that may be associated with serious adverse outcomes. This review provides an insight into the incidence, predictors, management, and follow-up of transcatheter heartvalve thrombosis.
Genetic support of carbapenemases in double carbapenemase producer Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated in the Arabian Peninsula
Authors: Al-Baloushi Amna E. , Pál Tibor , Ghazawi Akela , Sonnevend Agnes
Published: February 2018

Enterobacteriaceae co-producing NDM- and OXA-48-type carbapenemases were encountered in higher frequency in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) than in the neighboring countries in our earlier study. The aim of this investigation was to characterize the seven double carbapenemase producer Klebsiella pneumoniae found in the region to assess factors contributing to their emergence. Three K. pneumoniae ST14 isolated in the UAE harboring blaNDM-1 on IncHI1b and blaOXA-232 on IncColE plasmids were clonally related. Furthermore, two K. pneumoniae from the UAE, ABC106 and ABC137 belonged to ST307 and ST1318, respectively. ABC106 carried blaNDM-1 on IncHI1b, and blaOXA-162 on IncL/M plasmids, whereas ABC137 possessed blaNDM-1 on IncX3 and blaOXA-48 on IncL/M plasmids. The double carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae from Oman (OMABC109) and Saudi Arabia (SA54) belonged to ST11 and ST152, respectively. OMABC109 harbored blaNDM-1 on an IncHI1b plasmid highly similar to the NDM-plasmid of ABC106 and carried a chromosomally coded blaOXA-181 located on Tn2013. SA54 possessed a blaNDM-1 on an IncFIb/FII plasmid and a blaOXA-48 on an IncL/M plasmid. Based on these findings, clonal spread and horizontal transfer of carbapenemase genes located on transposons or self-transmissible plasmids contributed equally to the emergence of double carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in the region.
Effect of different expanded aggregates on the properties of lightweight concrete
Authors: Abd Elrahman Mohamed , Chung Sang-Yeop , Stephan Dietmar
Published: February 2018

Lightweight aggregate concrete is a material which has much lower density than normal concrete and many advantages, including advanced insulation performance due to its highly porous or cellular characteristics. Several types of lightweight aggregates have been used to produce lightweight aggregate concrete, and the characteristics of such lightweight aggregates strongly affect the material properties. In this study, three different expanded materials – expanded glass (Liaver), expanded clay (Liapor) and foam glass (Ecoglas) – were utilised as lightweight aggregates, and their effects on the properties of lightweight concrete were investigated. These expanded lightweight aggregates are light and have lower thermal conductivity as well as water absorption than those of normal aggregates. Microstructural characteristics of the specimens with different types of aggregate were examined using X-ray micro-computed tomography. The thermal (thermal conductivity) and mechanical (compressive strength) properties of the lightweight concrete specimens were evaluated experimentally and numerically. The relationship between the physical properties and characteristics was analysed to demonstrate the effect of each expanded aggregate on lightweight aggregate concrete.
Human Liver Caudate Lobe Dissociation for ScRNA-seq v2
Authors: MacParland Sonya , Ma Xue-Zhong , Manuel Justin , Liu Jeff , Bader Gary , McGilvray Ian
Published: February 2018

One of the challenges to describing the human liver on a single cell level is the process of cell dissociation. Cell dissociation methods can be quite damaging to the cells and can lead to a biasing of the transcriptome. We have developed gentle surgical and perfusion techniques to isolate and transcriptionally profile viable resident cells from liver samples taken from deceased donor liver grafts prior to organ transplantation.
Environmental pharmacology: an emerging science
Authors: Deshkar Anuradha T. , Gawali Ujwala P. , Shirure Prashant A.
Published: February 2018

With continuous rapid expansion of the human population there is escalating demand for resources, including human and veterinary pharmaceuticals. This has lead to rapid development of global pharmaceutical industry and with that increase in issues caused by pharmaceutical products. In recent years a great concern has been expressed over the occurrence and persistence of pharmaceutical products in the environment and their potential impact on environment. Owing to this the new branch of science called environmental pharmacology has sprouted. Environmental pharmacology deals with dispersion and impact of pharmaceutical products on environment. Solutions need to be suggested to save this only liveable planet from ill effects of these pharmaceutical products. This has given birth to the science of Ecopharmacovigilance (EPV).
Effect of fluoxetine and paroxetine on intestinal motility
Authors: Afzal Ayesha , Sharif Mahjabeen , Khan Ammara , Khan Bushra Tayyaba , Ara Iffat
Published: February 2018

Background: Serotonin (5-HT) is a biogenic amine that functions as a neurotransmitter of sensorimotor functions in the digestive tract. Te role of 5-HT agents in the modulation of lower gastrointestinal function. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are of potential benefit in functional gastrointestinal diseases although formal evidence is lacking. Apart from central effects, they may have peripheral. The present study was carried out to find out the possible effects of fluoxetine and paroxetine on gastrointestinal smooth muscles of rabbit as they cause severe nausea and vomiting initially.Methods: Experimental study design. Power lab (USA) for recording the contractions of ileal smooth muscle of rabbit in response to serotonin, fluoxetine and paroxetine.Results: The percent responses with serotonin, fluoxetine and paroxetine were 100, 10.53, and 4.75 percent respectively.Conclusions: SSRIs (fluoxetine and paroxetine) were unable to enhance the serotonergic transmission in vitro inturn decreases the qualitative response.