bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Evaluation of Silorane and Nano-hybrid Resin Composite Restorations in Class II Cavities up to 3 Years
Authors: Öztürk-Bozkurt F , Toz T , Kara-Tuncer A , Gözükara-Bağ H , Özcan M
Published: September 2016

In this study, the clinical performance of a silorane-based resin composite (SC) vs a nano-hybrid resin composite (NHC) was evaluated in Class II cavities. From January 2012 to February 2013, a total of 29 patients (eight men, 21 women; mean age, 24 ± 5 years) received 29 pairs of restorations using both SC (Filtek Silorane, 3M ESPE) and NHC (Filtek Z550, 3M ESPE) materials. Patients were followed until February 2015. One operator performed all restorations using the corresponding adhesive resins according to the manufacturers' instructions. Two calibrated independent examiners evaluated the restorations at one week, six months, and then annually using the modified United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria for anatomic form, marginal adaptation, color match, surface roughness, marginal discoloration, secondary caries, and postoperative sensitivity. Changes in the USPHS parameters were analyzed with the McNemar test (α=0.05). The mean observation period was 31.2 months. Marginal adaptation was the only parameter that showed a significant difference and was worse for SC than NHC (p=0.012). At the final recall, 17 restorations from the SC group and five from the NHC group received a score of 1 (explorer catches). These scores were significantly different between baseline and final recall for SC (p<0.001) but not for NHC (p>0.05). Both NHC and SC performed similarly in Class II restorations up to three years except for marginal adaptation, for which the latter demonstrated significant deterioration at the final recall compared with baseline.
Management of Amelogenesis Imperfecta: A 15-Year Case History of Two Siblings
Authors: Dursun E , Savard E , Vargas C , Loison-Robert L , Cherifi H , Bdeoui F , Landru M-M
Published: September 2016

Objective:

Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a heterogenous genetic disorder that interferes with normal enamel formation in the absence of systemic disorders. The patients' main concerns are caries susceptibility, poor esthetics, and generalized sensitivity. There is a broad clinical spectrum, from discolorations to consequent enamel alterations. This case report describes the 15-year case study and the full-mouth rehabilitation of two siblings affected by a hypocalcified AI.

Clinical Considerations:

In these two patients, conservative care with stainless steel crowns and direct composite restorations was undertaken to restore function and esthetics and to reduce sensitivities in primary and mixed dentitions. The difficulties in monitoring resulted in severe infectious complications (dental abscess with cutaneous fistula), important dental defects, and loss of spaces with subsequent malocclusion. In the young adult dentition, they were treated by extractions, root canal therapies, and new restorations: stainless steel crowns for permanent molars, direct composite restorations (with strip crowns) for incisors and maxillary canines (to improve the crown morphology as well as to mask the discolorations and the malpositions), and adjusted composite crown molds using a thermoforming procedure for premolars and the mandibular canines. The main difficulties were rapid tooth surface loss, bonding to atypical enamel, developing dentition, long-term follow-up.

Conclusion:

Restoring function and esthetics in AI-affected patients is a challenge from primary to adult dentition. Early corrections are essential to avoid dental damage and for psychological benefits. This clinical report highlights the adhesive rehabilitation for anterior and premolar areas and the difficulty of patient follow-up.
Diagnosis of Paget-Schroetter Syndrome/Primary Effort Thrombosis in a Recreational Weight Lifter
Authors: DeLisa Lucia C. , Hensley Craig P. , Jackson Steven
Published: September 2016

Background and Purpose

Paget-Schroetter syndrome (PSS) is a rare condition of vein thrombosis that can be manifested in athletes and laborers who overuse their upper extremities. If diagnosed early, PSS can be managed and the symptoms can be fully reversed. Venous duplex ultrasound (US), the modality most commonly used to diagnose deep vein thrombosis (DVT), has high sensitivity and specificity for detecting DVT. This case report describes the differential diagnosis and management of PSS in a weight lifter.

Case Description

The patient was a 44-year-old man who had left upper extremity (UE) swelling and discoloration after performing an incline chest press 2 months earlier. He was referred to a physical therapist for the treatment of venous thoracic outlet syndrome because US imaging results were negative for DVT. The patient's signs and symptoms did not improve after 4 physical therapist treatment sessions.

Outcomes

Repeat US revealed multiple thrombi in the patient's UE. He underwent immediate thrombolysis and subsequent first rib removal and scalenectomy. Five months after the surgical intervention, the patient had returned to work as a truck driver without limitation of UE use, although he had not yet returned to weight lifting.

Discussion

Despite the facts that the patient was seen by several health care providers and that multiple US images were obtained, the patient's UE DVT was not detected. It is important for a clinician to consider venous pathology in the shoulder even if the results of diagnostic US imaging performed in the presence of UE swelling and pain have been negative. Timely diagnosis and management of PSS are necessary for optimal recovery.
Evolution of treatment and a detailed analysis of occlusion, recurrence, and clinical outcomes in an endovascular library of 260 dural arteriovenous fistulas
Authors: Gross Bradley A. , Albuquerque Felipe C. , Moon Karam , McDougall Cameron G.
Published: September 2016

OBJECTIVE

Many small series and technical reports chronicle the evolution of endovascular techniques for cranial dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) over the past 3 decades, but reports of large patient series are lacking. The authors provide a thorough analysis of clinical and angiographic outcomes across a large patient cohort.

METHODS

The authors reviewed their endovascular database from January 1996 to September 2015 to identify patients harboring cranial dAVFs who were treated initially with endovascular approaches. They extracted demographic, presentation, angiographic, detailed treatment, and long-term follow-up data, and they evaluated natural history, initial angiographic occlusion, complications, recurrence, and symptomatic resolution rates.

RESULTS

Across a cohort of 251 patients with 260 distinct dAVFs, the overall initial angiographic occlusion rate was 70%; recurrence or occult residual lesions were seen on subsequent angiography in 3% of cases. The overall complication rate was 8%, with permanent neurological complications occurring in 3% of cases. Among 102 patients with dAVFs without cortical venous reflux, rates of resolution/improvement of pulsatile tinnitus and ocular symptoms were 79% and 78%, respectively. Following the introduction of Onyx during the latter half of the study period, the number of treated dAVFs doubled; the initial angiographic occlusion rate increased significantly from 60% before the use of Onyx to 76% after (p = 0.01). In addition, during the latter period compared with the pre-Onyx period, the rate of dAVFs obliterated via a transarterial-only approach was significantly greater (43% vs 23%, p = 0.002), as was the number of dAVFs obliterated via a single arterial pedicle (29% vs 11%, p = 0.002).

CONCLUSIONS

Overall, in the Onyx era, the rate of initial angiographic occlusion was approximately 80%, as was the rate of meaningful clinical improvement in tinnitus and/or ocular symptoms after initial endovascular treatment of cranial dAVFs.
Library leadership for the digital age
Authors: Marcum Deanna B.
Published: September 2016

The library profession has achieved remarkable accomplishments over my nearly-50-year career. Now we are fully into the digital environment. The leadership that is required in the digital era requires a different kind of leadership.
Supporting a Passion for New Ideas through Open APIs
Authors: Grant Carl
Published: September 2016

Despite the many technological advances that the information industry has witnessed over the past decades, barriers to the full use of information remain. Part of this problem is due to the volume of content and data that is available today. But the information silos created by proprietary system interfaces and the resultant lack of open use of content are far more serious factors inhibiting the full use of information and ultimately the generation of new ideas. This paper will take a look at the current situation and offer some solutions to the current problem.
Studies on In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Methanolic Extract and Fractions of Ficus Hispida Lin. Fruits
Authors: Hossain M. S. , Parvin S. , Dutta S. , Mahbub M. S. I. , Islam M. E.
Published: September 2016

The present study was designed to confirm the traditional use of the fruits of Ficus hispida Linn. (Moraceae) as an antioxidant agent. Fruits of the plant extracted with methanol and crude methanol extract (CME) were further fractionated with n-hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate. All the fractions, n-hexane (NHF), chloroform (CHF), ethyl acetate (EAF), aqueous (AQF) and CME were preliminary screened for in vitro antioxidant activity and total phenolic and total flavonoid content. In DPPH radical scavenging assay, CME exhibited highest scavenging activity (IC50 = 11.20 µg/mL) as compared to other fractions. In this assay, IC50 of reference standard BHT was 5.10 µg/mL. The reducing power of the samples was in the order as AQF > CME > CHF > EAF > NHF. The results for hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity indicated that CME, EAF and AQF had almost the same scavenging activity except NHF. Total antioxidant capacity of CME and other fractions were ranked as CHF > AQF > CME > EAF > NHF.  In the assay of antioxidant constituents (total phenol and total flavonoids content), the CME had highest phenolic and flavonoids content. The results indicate that Ficus hispida fruits could be considered as a potential source of natural antioxidant.
Thermoconvective Stability of a Ferrofluids in Presence of Magnetic Field
Authors: Jasmine H. A.
Published: September 2016

We have carried out a theoretical analysis of the linear thermoconvective stability of a ferrofluid, which is confined between two horizontal plates maintained at different constant temperatures and which is subject to an external uniform magnetic field in the vertical direction. The effects of the spin viscosity, vortex viscosity and magnetization relaxation are considered and discussed. The eigenvalue problem is solved by employing the Chebyshev pseudospectral method. It is found that the presence of magnetic field complements the buoyancy force in destabilizing the fluid at lower values of the magnetic field only and when the applied field is increased, the effect is reversed and the flow becomes more stable.
Eutrophication Accelerates Carbonate Dissolution under High pCO2 Condition in Coral Reef Ecosystem
Authors: Islam M. N. , Casareto B. E. , Suzuki Y.
Published: September 2016

Incubation experiments were carried out to determine the effect of eutrophication on carbonate dissolution under high pCO2 (partial pressure of carbon dioxide) condition in coral reef ecosystem at Sesoko Island, Okinawa, Japan. Short incubation (24 h under natural illumination) and long incubations (4 days under dark condition) were carried out using white coral skeleton (without attachment of living organism, control); natural rubble (with associated epilithic and endolithic communities) and natural rubble with addition of dissolve organic matter (glucose and coral mucus). Addition of DOM significantly enhanced bacterial abundance (t-test; p=0.01) and net respiration (t-test; p=0.0001) with increasing pCO2 levels (p < 0.05) under natural illumination. Consistent with increase in respiration, dissolution rates also increased from 136.22±2.04 to 652.38±4.51 µmolm-2d-1. Under dark condition, where photosynthesis was inhibited, dissolution of calcium carbonate further increased with addition of different level of DOM. In addition of DOM incubation bottles, bacterial abundance increased by 3~4 orders of magnitude and the dissolution rates increased by 2.5~10 times more than the control. The results suggest that availability of organic matter in the reefs will enhance metabolic activities (respiration) of microbial communities associated with coral rubble which ultimately increase dissolution of calcium carbonate.
Synthesis Kinetics of Polymer / Copolymer Latexes via Radical Ring-Opening Emulsion Polymerization of Vinylcyclopropane
Authors: Sarker P. , Ebdon J. R. , Rimmer S. , Miah M. A. J. , Ahmad H.
Published: September 2016

Radical emulsion polymerization of 1,1-bis(ethoxycarbonyl)-2-vinylcyclopropane (ECVCP) was examined in the presence of potassium persulfate (KPS) as an initiator. ECVCP underwent both emulsifier-in emulsion and emulsifier-free emulsion polymerizations to afford the ring-opened polymer in good yields. The copolymerization efficiency of this monomer was also evaluated with methyl methacrylate (MMA) and butyl methacrylate (BMA) as comonomers under the same reaction conditions. The emulsion copolymerization of ECVCP with a relatively hydrophobic monomer, lauryl methacrylate (LMA) was also investigated in presence of ?-cyclodextrin hydrate (?-CD) as a phase transfer agent. Polymerization/copolymerization kinetics, change in particle size and olefin contents were followed during the reaction.
HMM Adaptation for Improving a Human Activity Recognition System
Authors: San-Segundo Rubén , Montero Juan , Moreno-Pimentel José , Pardo José
Published: September 2016

When developing a fully automatic system for evaluating motor activities performed by a person, it is necessary to segment and recognize the different activities in order to focus the analysis. This process must be carried out by a Human Activity Recognition (HAR) system. This paper proposes a user adaptation technique for improving a HAR system based on Hidden Markov Models (HMMs). This system segments and recognizes six different physical activities (walking, walking upstairs, walking downstairs, sitting, standing and lying down) using inertial signals from a smartphone. The system is composed of a feature extractor for obtaining the most relevant characteristics from the inertial signals, a module for training the six HMMs (one per activity), and the last module for segmenting new activity sequences using these models. The user adaptation technique consists of a Maximum A Posteriori (MAP) approach that adapts the activity HMMs to the user, using some activity examples from this specific user. The main results on a public dataset have reported a significant relative error rate reduction of more than 30%. In conclusion, adapting a HAR system to the user who is performing the physical activities provides significant improvement in the system’s performance.
Prospects in the Application of Photodynamic Therapy in Oral Cancer and Premalignant Lesions
Authors: Saini Rajan , Lee Nathan , Liu Kelly , Poh Catherine
Published: September 2016

Oral cancer is a global health burden with significantly poor survival, especially when the diagnosis is at its late stage. Despite advances in current treatment modalities, there has been minimal improvement in survival rates over the last five decades. The development of local recurrence, regional failure, and the formation of second primary tumors accounts for this poor outcome. For survivors, cosmetic and functional compromises resulting from treatment are often devastating. These statistics underscore the need for novel approaches in the management of this deadly disease. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment modality that involves administration of a light-sensitive drug, known as a photosensitizer, followed by light irradiation of an appropriate wavelength that corresponds to an absorbance band of the sensitizer. In the presence of tissue oxygen, cytotoxic free radicals that are produced cause direct tumor cell death, damage to the microvasculature, and induction of inflammatory reactions at the target sites. PDT offers a prospective new approach in controlling this disease at its various stages either as a stand-alone therapy for early lesions or as an adjuvant therapy for advanced cases. In this review, we aim to explore the applications of PDT in oral cancer therapy and to present an overview of the recent advances in PDT that can potentially reposition its utility for oral cancer treatment.
Antimicrobial Compounds from Eukaryotic Microalgae against Human Pathogens and Diseases in Aquaculture
Authors: Falaise Charlotte , François Cyrille , Travers Marie-Agnès , Morga Benjamin , Haure Joël , Tremblay Réjean , Turcotte François , Pasetto Pamela , Gastineau Romain , Hardivillier Yann , Leignel Vincent , Mouget Jean-Luc
Published: September 2016

The search for novel compounds of marine origin has increased in the last decades for their application in various areas such as pharmaceutical, human or animal nutrition, cosmetics or bioenergy. In this context of blue technology development, microalgae are of particular interest due to their immense biodiversity and their relatively simple growth needs. In this review, we discuss about the promising use of microalgae and microalgal compounds as sources of natural antibiotics against human pathogens but also about their potential to limit microbial infections in aquaculture. An alternative to conventional antibiotics is needed as the microbial resistance to these drugs is increasing in humans and animals. Furthermore, using natural antibiotics for livestock could meet the consumer demand to avoid chemicals in food, would support a sustainable aquaculture and present the advantage of being environmentally friendly. Using natural and renewable microalgal compounds is still in its early days, but considering the important research development and rapid improvement in culture, extraction and purification processes, the valorization of microalgae will surely extend in the future.
Synthesis of Polyaniline-Coated Graphene Oxide@SrTiO3 Nanocube Nanocomposites for Enhanced Removal of Carcinogenic Dyes from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Shahabuddin Syed , Sarih Norazilawati , Afzal Kamboh Muhammad , Rashidi Nodeh Hamid , Mohamad Sharifah
Published: September 2016

The present investigation highlights the synthesis of polyaniline (PANI)-coated graphene oxide doped with SrTiO3 nanocube nanocomposites through facile in situ oxidative polymerization method for the efficient removal of carcinogenic dyes, namely, the cationic dye methylene blue (MB) and the anionic dye methyl orange (MO). The presence of oxygenated functional groups comprised of hydroxyl and epoxy groups in graphene oxide (GO) and nitrogen-containing functionalities such as imine groups and amine groups in polyaniline work synergistically to impart cationic and anionic nature to the synthesised nanocomposite, whereas SrTiO3 nanocubes act as spacers aiding in segregation of GO sheets, thereby increasing the effective surface area of nanocomposite. The synthesised nanocomposites were characterised by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The adsorption efficiencies of graphene oxide (GO), PANI homopolymer, and SrTiO3 nanocubes-doped nanocomposites were assessed by monitoring the adsorption of methylene blue and methyl orange dyes from aqueous solution. The adsorption efficiency of nanocomposites doped with SrTiO3 nanocubes were found to be of higher magnitude as compared with undoped nanocomposite. Moreover, the nanocomposite with 2 wt % SrTiO3 with respect to graphene oxide demonstrated excellent adsorption behaviour with 99% and 91% removal of MB and MO, respectively, in a very short duration of time.
Aspect-Aided Dynamic Non-Negative Sparse Representation-Based Microwave Image Classification
Authors: Zhang Xinzheng , Yang Qiuyue , Liu Miaomiao , Jia Yunjian , Liu Shujun , Li Guojun
Published: September 2016

Classification of target microwave images is an important application in much areas such as security, surveillance, etc. With respect to the task of microwave image classification, a recognition algorithm based on aspect-aided dynamic non-negative least square (ADNNLS) sparse representation is proposed. Firstly, an aspect sector is determined, the center of which is the estimated aspect angle of the testing sample. The training samples in the aspect sector are divided into active atoms and inactive atoms by smooth self-representative learning. Secondly, for each testing sample, the corresponding active atoms are selected dynamically, thereby establishing dynamic dictionary. Thirdly, the testing sample is represented with ℓ 1 -regularized non-negative sparse representation under the corresponding dynamic dictionary. Finally, the class label of the testing sample is identified by use of the minimum reconstruction error. Verification of the proposed algorithm was conducted using the Moving and Stationary Target Acquisition and Recognition (MSTAR) database which was acquired by synthetic aperture radar. Experiment results validated that the proposed approach was able to capture the local aspect characteristics of microwave images effectively, thereby improving the classification performance.
Characterization of the ER-Targeted Low Affinity Ca2+ Probe D4ER
Authors: Greotti Elisa , Wong Andrea , Pozzan Tullio , Pendin Diana , Pizzo Paola
Published: September 2016

Calcium ion (Ca2+) is a ubiquitous intracellular messenger and changes in its concentration impact on nearly every aspect of cell life. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) represents the major intracellular Ca2+ store and the free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]) within its lumen ([Ca2+]ER) can reach levels higher than 1 mM. Several genetically-encoded ER-targeted Ca2+ sensors have been developed over the last years. However, most of them are non-ratiometric and, thus, their signal is difficult to calibrate in live cells and is affected by shifts in the focal plane and artifactual movements of the sample. On the other hand, existing ratiometric Ca2+ probes are plagued by different drawbacks, such as a double dissociation constant (Kd) for Ca2+, low dynamic range, and an affinity for the cation that is too high for the levels of [Ca2+] in the ER lumen. Here, we report the characterization of a recently generated ER-targeted, Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based, Cameleon probe, named D4ER, characterized by suitable Ca2+ affinity and dynamic range for monitoring [Ca2+] variations within the ER. As an example, resting [Ca2+]ER have been evaluated in a known paradigm of altered ER Ca2+ homeostasis, i.e., in cells expressing a mutated form of the familial Alzheimer’s Disease-linked protein Presenilin 2 (PS2). The lower Ca2+ affinity of the D4ER probe, compared to that of the previously generated D1ER, allowed the detection of a conspicuous, more clear-cut, reduction in ER Ca2+ content in cells expressing mutated PS2, compared to controls.
A 72 × 60 Angle-Sensitive SPAD Imaging Array for Lens-less FLIM
Authors: Lee Changhyuk , Johnson Ben , Jung TaeSung , Molnar Alyosha
Published: September 2016

We present a 72 × 60, angle-sensitive single photon avalanche diode (A-SPAD) array for lens-less 3D fluorescence lifetime imaging. An A-SPAD pixel consists of (1) a SPAD to provide precise photon arrival time where a time-resolved operation is utilized to avoid stimulus-induced saturation, and (2) integrated diffraction gratings on top of the SPAD to extract incident angles of the incoming light. The combination enables mapping of fluorescent sources with different lifetimes in 3D space down to micrometer scale. Futhermore, the chip presented herein integrates pixel-level counters to reduce output data-rate and to enable a precise timing control. The array is implemented in standard 180 nm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology and characterized without any post-processing.
Exploring the Daily Lives of People on Methadone Maintenance Treatment: An Occupational Perspective
Authors: Warren Katrina , Huot Suzanne , Magalhães Lilian , Evans Marilyn
Published: September 2016

A qualitative study was undertaken with five people on methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) to better understand their experiences and daily routines. Through an in-depth exploration of their everyday occupations, we sought to reveal the ongoing challenges and barriers they face to accessing treatment. The concept of occupation refers to ‘all that people need, want and are required to do’ but also extends further to encompass ‘how doing contributes to processes of being, becoming and belonging’ (Huot and Laliberte Rudman, 2015). This research employed a qualitative intrinsic case study methodology (Stake, 2005). Using an occupational perspective informed by a framework for occupational justice (Stadnyk et al., 2005), the participants’ narratives are presented according to four themes highlighting key aspects of their experiences: (a) descent into chaos; (b) MMT as a bridge to recovery from addiction; (c) a new normal daily life; and (d) hopes for moving forward. The findings illustrate how structural factors and contextual factors interact to create occupational injustices. Thus, MMT practices and policies should consider the occupational implications described in this article to enhance patients’ experiences and further support their recovery.
Assessment of Toxicological Perturbations and Variants of Pancreatic Islet Development in the Zebrafish Model
Authors: Sant Karilyn , Jacobs Haydee , Xu Jiali , Borofski Katrina , Moss Larry , Moss Jennifer , Timme-Laragy Alicia
Published: September 2016

The pancreatic islets, largely comprised of insulin-producing beta cells, play a critical role in endocrine signaling and glucose homeostasis. Because they have low levels of antioxidant defenses and a high perfusion rate, the endocrine islets may be a highly susceptible target tissue of chemical exposures. However, this endpoint, as well as the integrity of the surrounding exocrine pancreas, is often overlooked in studies of developmental toxicology. Disruption of development by toxicants can alter cell fate and migration, resulting in structural alterations that are difficult to detect in mammalian embryo systems, but that are easily observed in the zebrafish embryo model (Danio rerio). Using endogenously expressed fluorescent protein markers for developing zebrafish beta cells and exocrine pancreas tissue, we documented differences in islet area and incidence rates of islet morphological variants in zebrafish embryos between 48 and 96 h post fertilization (hpf), raised under control conditions commonly used in embryotoxicity assays. We identified critical windows for chemical exposures during which increased incidences of endocrine pancreas abnormalities were observed following exposure to cyclopamine (2–12 hpf), Mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) (3–48 hpf), and Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) (3–48 hpf). Both islet area and length of the exocrine pancreas were sensitive to oxidative stress from exposure to the oxidant tert-butyl hydroperoxide during a highly proliferative critical window (72 hpf). Finally, pancreatic dysmorphogenesis following developmental exposures is discussed with respect to human disease.
A Decrease in Temperature and Humidity Precedes Human Rhinovirus Infections in a Cold Climate
Authors: Ikäheimo Tiina , Jaakkola Kari , Jokelainen Jari , Saukkoriipi Annika , Roivainen Merja , Juvonen Raija , Vainio Olli , Jaakkola Jouni
Published: September 2016

Both temperature and humidity may independently or jointly contribute to the risk of human rhinovirus (HRV) infections, either through altered survival and spread of viruses in the environment or due to changes in host susceptibility. This study examined the relationship between short-term variations in temperature and humidity and the risk of HRV infections in a subarctic climate. We conducted a case-crossover study among conscripts (n = 892) seeking medical attention due to respiratory symptoms during their military training and identified 147 HRV cases by real-time PCR. An average temperature, a decline in daily ambient temperature and absolute humidity (AH) during the three preceding days of the onset (hazard period) and two reference periods (a week prior and after the onset) were obtained. The average daily temperature preceding HRV infections was −9.9 ± 4.9 °C and the average AH was 2.2 ± 0.9 g/m3. An average (odds ratios (OR) 1.07 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00–1.15)) and maximal (OR 1.08 (1.01–1.17)) change in temperature increased the risk of HRV infections by 8% per 1 °C decrease. An average (OR 1.20 (CI 1.03–1.40)) and maximal decrease (OR 1.13 (CI 0.96–1.34)) in AH increased the risk of HRV infection by 13% and 20% per 0.5 g/m3 decrease. A higher average temperature during the three preceding days was positively associated with HRV infections (OR 1.07 (CI 1.00–1.15)). A decrease rather than low temperature and humidity per se during the preceding few days increases the risk of HRV infections in a cold climate. The information is applicable to populations residing in cold climates for appropriate personal protection and prevention of adverse health effects.
Building Chronic Kidney Disease Clinical Practice Guidelines Using the openEHR Guideline Definition Language
Authors: Hung Pei-Yuan , Lin Ching-Heng , Lo Ying-Chih , Liou Der-Ming
Published: September 2016

Background: As a result of the disease‘s high prevalence, chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become a global public health problem. A clinical decision support system that integrates with computer-interpretable guidelines (CIGs) should improve clinical outcomes and help to ensure patient safety.

Objectives: The openEHR guideline definition language (GDL) is a formal language used to represent CIGs. This study explores the feasibility of using a GDL approach for CKD; it also attempts to identify any potential gaps between the ideal concept and reality.

Methods: Using the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) anemia guideline as material, we designed a development workflow in order to establish a series of GDL guidelines. Focus group discussions were conducted in order to identify important issues related to GDL implementation.

Results: Ten GDL guidelines and 37 archetypes were established using the KDIGO guideline document. For the focus group discussions, 16 clinicians and 22 IT experts were recruited and their perceptions, opinions and attitudes towards the GDL approach were explored. Both groups provided positive feedback regarding the GDL approach, but raised various concerns about GDL implementation.

Conclusions: Based on the findings of this study, we identified some potential gaps that might exist during implementation between the GDL concept and reality. Three directions remain to be investigated in the future. Two of them are related to the openEHR GDL approach. Firstly, there is a need for the editing tool to be made more sophisticated. Secondly, there needs to be integration of the present approach into non openEHR-based hospital information systems. The last direction focuses on the applicability of guidelines and involves developing a method to resolve any conflicts that occur with insurance payment regulations.
THE METAL ABUNDANCES ACROSS COSMIC TIME (




) SURVEY. I. OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY IN THE SUBARU DEEP FIELD
Authors: Ly Chun , Malhotra Sangeeta , Malkan Matthew A. , Rigby Jane R. , Kashikawa Nobunari , de los Reyes Mithi A. , Rhoads James E.
Published: September 2016

Deep rest-frame optical spectroscopy is critical for characterizing and understanding the physical conditions and properties of the ionized gas in galaxies. Here, we present a new spectroscopic survey called “Metal Abundances across Cosmic Time” or






, which will obtain rest-frame optical spectra for ∼3000 emission-line galaxies. This paper describes the optical spectroscopy that has been conducted with MMT/Hectospec and Keck/DEIMOS for ≈1900 z = 0.1–1 emission-line galaxies selected from our narrowband and intermediate-band imaging in the Subaru Deep Field. In addition, we present a sample of 164 galaxies for which we have measured the weak [O iii]λ4363 line (66 with at least 3σ detections and 98 with significant upper limits). This nebular emission line determines the gas-phase metallicity by measuring the electron temperature of the ionized gas. This paper presents the optical spectra, emission-line measurements, interstellar properties (e.g., metallicity, gas density), and stellar properties (e.g., star formation rates, stellar mass). Paper II of the






survey (Ly et al.) presents the first results on the stellar mass–gas metallicity relation at z ≲ 1 using the sample with [O iii]λ4363 measurements.
197 CANDIDATES AND 104 VALIDATED PLANETS IN K2's FIRST FIVE FIELDS
Authors: Crossfield Ian J. M. , Ciardi David R. , Petigura Erik A. , Sinukoff Evan , Schlieder Joshua E. , Howard Andrew W. , Beichman Charles A. , Isaacson Howard , Dressing Courtney D. , Christiansen Jessie L. , Fulton Benjamin J. , Lépine Sébastien , Weiss Lauren , Hirsch Lea , Livingston John , Baranec Christoph , Law Nicholas M. , Riddle Reed , Ziegler Carl , Howell Steve B. , Horch Elliott , Everett Mark , Teske Johanna , Martinez Arturo O. , Obermeier Christian , Benneke Björn , Scott Nic , Deacon Niall , Aller Kimberly M. , Hansen Brad M. S. , Mancini Luigi , Ciceri Simona , Brahm Rafael , Jordán Andrés , Knutson Heather A. , Henning Thomas , Bonnefoy Michaël , Liu Michael C. , Crepp Justin R. , Lothringer Joshua , Hinz Phil , Bailey Vanessa , Skemer Andrew , Defrere Denis
Published: September 2016

We present 197 planet candidates discovered using data from the first year of the NASA K2 mission (Campaigns 0–4), along with the results of an intensive program of photometric analyses, stellar spectroscopy, high-resolution imaging, and statistical validation. We distill these candidates into sets of 104 validated planets (57 in multi-planet systems),

false positives, and 63 remaining candidates. Our validated systems span a range of properties, with median values of R

P
 = 

, P = 

days,

 = 

K, and Kp = 

mag. Stellar spectroscopy provides precise stellar and planetary parameters for most of these systems. We show that K2 has increased by 30% the number of small planets known to orbit moderately bright stars (1–4 R
⊕, Kp = 9–13 mag). Of particular interest are

planets smaller than 2 R
⊕,

orbiting stars brighter than Kp = 11.5 mag, 5 receiving Earth-like irradiation levels, and several multi-planet systems—including 4 planets orbiting the M dwarf K2–72 near mean-motion resonances. By quantifying the likelihood that each candidate is a planet we demonstrate that our candidate sample has an overall false positive rate of 15%–30%, with rates substantially lower for small candidates (

) and larger for candidates with radii

and/or with

. Extrapolation of the current planetary yield suggests that K2 will discover between 500 and 1000 planets in its planned four-year mission, assuming sufficient follow-up resources are available. Efficient observing and analysis, together with an organized and coherent follow-up strategy, are essential for maximizing the efficacy of planet-validation efforts for K2, TESS, and future large-scale surveys.
THE SPITZER INFRARED SPECTROGRAPH SURVEY OF PROTOPLANETARY DISKS IN ORION A. I. DISK PROPERTIES
Authors: Kim K. H. , Watson Dan M. , Manoj P. , Forrest W. J. , Furlan Elise , Najita Joan , Sargent Benjamin , Hernández Jesús , Calvet Nuria , Adame Lucía , Espaillat Catherine , Megeath S. T. , Muzerolle James , McClure M. K.
Published: September 2016

We present our investigation of 319 Class II objects in Orion A observed by Spitzer/IRS. We also present the follow-up observations of 120 of these Class II objects in Orion A from the Infrared Telescope Facility/SpeX. We measure continuum spectral indices, equivalent widths, and integrated fluxes that pertain to disk structure and dust composition from IRS spectra of Class II objects in Orion A. We estimate mass accretion rates using hydrogen recombination lines in the SpeX spectra of our targets. Utilizing these properties, we compare the distributions of the disk and dust properties of Orion A disks with those of Taurus disks with respect to position within Orion A (Orion Nebular Cluster [ONC] and L1641) and with the subgroups by the inferred radial structures, such as transitional disks (TDs) versus radially continuous full disks (FDs). Our main findings are as follows. (1) Inner disks evolve faster than the outer disks. (2) The mass accretion rates of TDs and those of radially continuous FDs are statistically significantly displaced from each other. The median mass accretion rate of radially continuous disks in the ONC and L1641 is not very different from that in Taurus. (3) Less grain processing has occurred in the disks in the ONC compared to those in Taurus, based on analysis of the shape index of the 10 μm silicate feature (F
11.3/F
9.8). (4) The 20–31 μm continuum spectral index tracks the projected distance from the most luminous Trapezium star, θ
1 Ori C. A possible explanation is UV ablation of the outer parts of disks.
Safety and Efficacy of Sofosbuvir plus Ledipasvir with and without Ribavirin for Chronic HCV Genotype-1 Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ahmed Hussien , Elgebaly Ahmed , Abushouk Abdelrahman Ibrahim , Hammad Ali Mohamed , Attia Attia , Negida Ahmed
Published: September 2016

Background

Ledipasvir and sofosbuvir are new direct-acting antiviral agents for patients with HCV infection. Ledipasvir inhibits the HCV non-structural 5A protein, while sofosbuvir is a nucleotide polymerase inhibitor. Many studies have evaluated the safety and efficacy of ledipasvir and sofosbuvir combination with and without ribavirin for patients with chronic HCV genotype-1.

Methods

A computer literature search of PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Knowledge and Cochrane CENTRAL has been conducted. Studies were screened for eligibility and data were extracted. Sustained virological response (SVR) rate and commonly reported adverse events were pooled as risk ratio (RR) using Review Manager version 5.3 for windows and OpenMeta (Analyst) software.

Results

Eight randomized controlled trials ( n=1,892) were pooled in the final analysis. A 12-week ledipasvir and sofosbuvir regimen achieved SVR in 97.5% and 89% of non-cirrhotic and cirrhotic patients, respectively. A 24-week ledipasvir and sofosbuvir regimen achieved SVR in 99.6% and 92.6% in non-cirrhotic and cirrhotic patients, respectively. When ribavirin was added to the treatment regiment, the SVR did not differ significantly in either of the treatment regimens (12-week SVR: 93.9% versus 96.7%, RR=0.97, P=0.19 and 24-week SVR: 94.8% versus 97.2%, RR=0.98, P=0.24).

Conclusions

The combination of sofosbuvir and ledipasvir achieved high SVR rates (>90%) in both cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic patients with HCV genotype-1. The addition of ribavirin to this regimen did not signifcantly increase the SVR rates.
Treatments for Lupus Nephritis: A Systematic Review and Network Metaanalysis
Authors: Singh Jasvinder A. , Hossain Alomgir , Kotb Ahmed , Oliveira Ana , Mudano Amy S. , Grossman Jennifer , Winthrop Kevin , Wells George A.
Published: September 2016

Objective.

To compare benefits and harms of lupus nephritis (LN) induction and maintenance treatments.

Methods.

We performed a systematic review and Bayesian network metaanalyses of randomized controlled trials (RCT) of immunosuppressive drugs or corticosteroids (CS) in LN. OR and 95% credible intervals (CrI) were calculated.

Results.

There were 65 RCT that met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Significantly lower risk of endstage renal disease (ESRD; 17 studies) was seen with cyclophosphamide (CYC; OR 0.49, 95% CrI 0.25–0.92) or CYC + azathioprine (AZA; OR 0.18, 95% CrI 0.05–0.57) compared with standard-dose CS, and with high-dose (HD) CYC (OR 0.16, 95% CrI 0.03–0.61) or CYC + AZA (OR 0.10, 95% CrI 0.03–0.34) compared with HD CS. HD CS was associated with higher risk of ESRD compared with CYC (OR 3.59, 95% CrI 1.30–9.86), AZA (OR 2.93, 95% CrI 1.08–8.10), or mycophenolate mofetil (MMF; OR 7.05, 95% CrI 1.66–31.91). Compared with CS, a significantly higher proportion of patients had renal response (14 studies) when treated with CYC (OR 1.98, 95% CrI 1.13–3.52), MMF (OR 2.42, 95% CrI 1.27–4.74), or tacrolimus (TAC; OR 4.20, 95% CrI 1.29–13.68). No differences were noted for the risk of malignancy (15 studies). The risk of herpes zoster (17 studies) was as follows: OR (95% CrI) MMF versus CS 4.38 (1.02–23.87), CYC versus CS 6.64 (1.97–25.71), TAC versus CS 9.11 (1.13–70.99), and CYC + AZA versus CS 8.46 (1.99–43.61).

Conclusion.

Renal benefits and the risk of herpes zoster were higher for immunosuppressive drugs versus CS. Data on relative and absolute differences are now available, which can be incorporated into patient-physician discussions related to systemic lupus erythematosus medication use.
Factoría siderúrgica de Avilés
Authors: Hidalgo Fernández-Cano Amalio
Published: September 2016

Los planes de industrialización del país, el impulso dado a sus obras públicas, el ritmo creciente de la edificación urbana, el perfeccionamiento de su agricultura..., hicieron prever que la precaria producción de acero, que situaba a España en uno de los últimos lugares entre los países productores de Europa, sería el principal obstáculo que habría de encontrarse para llevar a término estos planes y lograr un aumento razonable en el nivel de vida español. Por esta razón se consideró indispensable la creación de una Empresa —ENSIDESA— que permitiera, con la mayor rapidez posible, incrementar de modo efectivo la producción de acero.
Generalidades
Authors: Hidalgo Fernández-Cano Amalio
Published: September 2016

La pequeña producción de chatarra en España, por no estar avanzada la industrialización del país, obligaba a que en una nueva planta siderúrgica no se considerara en principio más consumo' de chatarra que la que ella misma produjese. Por consiguiente, se ha concebido una Siderúrgica básica para obtener acero, partiendo de carbón y de mineral de hierro. Otra de las condiciones que debía satisfacer la nueva planta industrial era la de producir chapa gruesa y fina, lo que aconsejaba conseguir el afino del acero en hornos de solera.
Estructuras Metálicas
Authors: Hidalgo Fernández-Cano Amalio
Published: September 2016

Se compone de dos naves adosadas de 20,80 m de luz y una longitud de 252 m. Existe un adosado de dos plantas donde se recogen las oficinas y los servicios del taller. Las naves están servidas por puentes-grúa de 25 t y por grúas de pescante, lo que da lugar a la presencia de vigas de rodadura a dos niveles distintos. La cubierta apoya sobre arcos triarticulados atirantados; los semiarcos se prolongan a partir de la clave en piezas inclinadas que sirven para constituir lucernarios alternados. Al igual que en los talleres mecánicos y de fundición, todos los elementos de cubierta fueron prefabricados.
Puente de acceso principal
Authors: Hidalgo Fernández-Cano Amalio
Published: September 2016

Consta de nueve vanos con luces comprendidas entre 11 m y 17 m. Los cinco vanos centrales corresponden al cruce sobre el encauzamiento de la ría de Avilés, mientras que los restantes, dispuestos simétricamente, salvan el cruce con líneas de ferrocarril y carreteras que circulan paralelamente a la ría.
Interrogación del cliente: un arte, una ciencia
Authors: Neutra Richard J.
Published: September 2016

Los arquitectos inician, o deberían iniciar, su aprendizaje con la realización de proyectos de viviendas, cuyo uso todos hemos experimentado. La experiencia clínica con un hombre de carne y hueso es una espléndida preparación para el derroche imaginativo e inconcreto que vendrá luego, cuando el joven arquitecto comience a enfrentarse con los funcionarios de obras públicas, las compañías anónimas y los empresarios de solares y edificios. Desgraciadamente, la investigación sobre el cliente no puede efectuarse —en el caso del arquitecto— con la misma precisión, sinceridad e intensidad con que la efectúa un médico.
Conjunto residencial Monterinaldi
Authors: Ricci Leonardo
Published: September 2016

En una hermosa colina, situada a unos ocho kilómetros de Florencia, y con grandiosas vistas sobre la ciudad, se han distribuido un grupo de villas, con un criterio doble de uniformidad formal y mimetismo asombroso con la naturaleza circundante.
Estadio Flaminio. Roma
Authors: Nervi Pier Luigi
Published: September 2016

Pier Luigi Nervi ha proyectado, calculado y construido el nuevo estadio Flaminio, con la única colaboración de un arquitecto: su propio hijo Antonio. Se trata, pues, de una obra absolutamente personal, en la que su autor luce de modo prodigioso sus dotes imaginativas y técnicas, agudizadas por la necesidad de que le fuese adjudicada la obra, convocada por concurso, del que salió triunfante gracias a la bondad y economía de la construcción, concebida con perfecta unión entre el pensamiento arquitectónico, técnico y constructivo.
Presas sobre terrenos de asiento diferencial
Authors: Marcello Claudio
Published: September 2016

El problema de la construcción de presas sobre terrenos de asiento variable debido al distinto grado de compresibilidad ha sido, hasta hoy, por el empleo de diques de tierra en escollera o con muros de mampostería en seco.
Edificio Seagram, Nueva York
Authors: Van der Rohe Mies , Johnson Philip C.
Published: September 2016

La sede de la Sociedad Seagram es, quizás, en cuanto a su volumen, la obra de mayores proporciones realizada por Mies van der Rohe. En ella se ve la impronta personalísima e inconfundible del gran arquitecto, apóstol de la línea pura y de la suma sencillez, cuyo lema es el siguiente: "menos es más".
El «mastic» bituminoso en las obras hidráulicas y marítimas
Authors: Vié Georges
Published: September 2016

En este trabajo, el autor estudia, y pone de relieve prácticamente, el amplio campo de aplicaciones que se le ofrecen a los productos mixtos, conocidos con el nombre de mastics, en las construcciones hidráulicas y marítimas. Para hacer más comprensible estos tipos de aplicaciones se exponen dos casos concretos donde se han empleado estos aglutinantes impermeabilizadores: uno de ellos en la protección de márgenes del litoral costero y otro en el vaso de embalse de una presa dedicada a la explotación en período de Juntas.
Centro recreativo, en Rescaldina. Italia
Authors: Editorial V.
Published: September 2016

En Rescaldina, una localidad con 7.000 habitantes, situada a 20 kilómetros de Milán, se ha creado este Centro recreativo, que comprende: bar y cinematógrafo para 600 plazas. La obra se ha llevado a cabo gracias a la iniciativa y colaboración de asociaciones y grupos locales.
El hormigonado con temperaturas bajo 0º en Rusia
Authors: Prado Alberto
Published: September 2016

Desde principios de este siglo xx la técnica de la construcción en Rusia se ha desarrollado con un ritmo gigantesco. Unos materiales de construcción se cambiaban por otros de mejor calidad. Entonces se empezó a emplear ampliamente el hormigón en masa y hormigón armado. Pero el hormigón encontró las mismas dificultades que existían con el mortero para su empleo en toda clase de obras realizadas en invierno.
Mis pensamientos, preocupaciones y esperanzas
Authors: Neutra Richard J.
Published: September 2016

La ciencia física —y su derivada, la tecnología industrial— caracteriza con su pujante progreso los últimos cien años de nuestra civilización occidental.