bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sources on Problematics of Land Conflict in the Black Earth Village: 1917–20
Authors:   Lipetsk State Technical University, Lipetsk, Russian Federation, Gatilov Eduard V. , Nikolashin Vadim P. ,   G. R. Derzhavin Tambov State University, Tambov, Russian Federation
Published: December 2021

The article analyses historical sources on land conflict in the Black Earth village of the early Soviet period. Since the dynamics of land conflicts, their diversity, and ratios characterize the dominants of behavioral pattern acceptable in the agricultural environment, land conflict is considered an indicator of peasant identity; its study actualizes the need to identify sources that most fully reveal the features of social behavior through the analysis of causality, content, and consequences of land conflict. The research methodology has determined a comprehensive analysis of sources, including materials of the All-Russian Agricultural Census of 1917 (settlement and communal forms); documents of volost, uezd, and gubernia land and conflict commissions that were to eliminate contradictions between peasant societies in the process of land redistribution; statistical materials on land conflicts in the RSFSR in the early 1920s. Integrated approach to sources has resulted in microhistorical analysis of specific land conflicts within individual volosts and uezds of the Black Earth gubernias and in formation of concept and classification of land conflicts. The problem of narrowness of the source base, containing quantitative data on land conflicts, has determined the use of alternative sources and methodological ways to overcome it. Thus, retro-expert method of studying sources has permitted to identify and analyze production (land shortage, configuration, location of a land plot, labor costs) and non-production (justice, administrative resource) markers of land conflicts. The sources analysis suggests that functional significance of the peasant identity in the Black Earth region in 1917–20 consisted in the fact that, having retained in its algorithm for survival while minimizing needs, the Black Earth peasantry was able to survive as an independent social stratum physically, economically, and spiritually. This, in turn, determined the subsequent contradictions in the agrarian and political development of the country.
Archival Documents from the Russian State Archive of Social and Political History as a Source for Studying Economic Crime in the Days of the Great Patriotic War
Authors: Pass Andrey A. ,   Chelyabinsk State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Potemkina Marina N. ,   G. M. Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University, Magnitogorsk, Russian Federation
Published: December 2021

The article determines the value and prospects of using historical sources stored in the Russian State Archive of Social and Political History (RGASPI) for disclosing problems of economic crime in 1941–45. Understanding modern dangers of corruption, illegal enrichment, and malfeasance requires studying the historical experience of the Great Patriotic War of 1941–45. It was a time to confront not only a strong external enemy, but also internal challenges, including, in particular, activation of criminal elements in the economic sphere. Despite an abundance of legal and historical publications devoted to economic crime and combating it, a whole layer of archival documents remains outside the field of research. The study has been carried out on the basis of institutional methodological approach using source heuristics, source analysis, historical-comparative method. The documents revealed in the RGASPI consist of previously unpublished materials of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, the Party Control Commission under the Central Committee of the CPSU, regional and city party committees (obkoms and gorkoms), and political departments of various agencies, through which transportation and distribution of food and industrial goods was conducted, as well as fragments of national leaders’ personal funds. The analyzed documents reflect criminal acts characteristic of the war period: speculation, embezzlement, bribery, malfeasance of high-ranking officials. The aforementioned delicts are reflected in the minutes of meetings, reports, certificates, and directives describing in detail the most common types of economic crime and measures taken by the authorities to curb it. The study concludes that the identified documents possess a high degree of objectivity and confirm the thesis of numerical growth and expansion in range of economic crimes in the context of a social wartime crisis. As main strategy for combating the growth of economic crimes throughout the war, the national leadership used a tough punitive policy, but these measures did not give tangible results. The effectiveness of domestic policy measures aimed at ensuring protection of state and personal property of citizens decreased due to deterioration in the quantitative and qualitative composition of the judiciary and political pressure from the party leadership, as well as selective nature of Soviet justice and use of unnecessarily harsh punishments, while deviance resulted from need and hunger.
Archival Heritage as a Sphere of Kazakhstan Integration into the Scientific, Informational, and Cultural Space of Eurasia: 1998–2021
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Moscow, Russia, Pivovar Efim I. , Khanova Irina E. ,   Russian State University for the Humanities, Moscow, Russia, Katagoshchina Marya V. ,   Moscow Pedagogical State University, Moscow, Russia
Published: December 2021

The paper is devoted to the activities of the Republic of Kazakhstan archives aimed at identifying, studying, and popularizing the historical and documentary heritage of Kazakhstan, and to the role of this area of historical and cultural activity in the development of international cultural cooperation between Kazakhstan and Russia and other states of Eurasia. The authors’ hypothesis is that the commonality of historical experience in the field of archiving and the similarity of contemporary tasks of the historical and cultural policy of the CIS countries, including Russia and Kazakhstan, are the basis for the participation of archives in the development of Eurasian integration and cooperation in the field of science and culture. In Kazakhstan, this process received significant additional incentives over the period 1998–2021. The adoption in 1998 of the Law on the National Archival Foundation of the Republic of Kazakhstan can be considered as the beginning of a large-scale project to identify, publish, and popularize the archival heritage of Kazakhstan, and this work was initially carried out both in Kazakhstani archives and abroad — in Russia, Uzbekistan, Great Britain, France, Turkey, and other countries of Greater Eurasia. In the 2000s, the President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev in a series of articles and speeches had formulated an idea of referring to the history as the main source for formation of the national idea of modern Kazakhstan, including the approval of the world historical and cultural significance of the concept of the Great Steppe — the cradle of the Kazakh people. One of the central tasks in the implementation of this strategy was collection and promotion of documents related to the history of Kazakhstan in the international scientific and information space. In 2018, N. Nazarbayev came up with the “Archive – 2025” initiative, which further confirmed the role of the heuristic and archaeographic activities of archives and set the task of creating the most complete digitization of the archival heritage of Kazakhstan. The article provides an overview of the main directions of work of the Kazakhstani archives in 1998–2021: archaeographic expeditions abroad, publication of documentary collections, and scientific research on the history of the peoples, social life, and statehood of Kazakhstan in the 18th – 20th centuries, digitization of the archives of the Republic of Kazakhstan, conducting international scientific conferences and seminars. The facts revealed by the authors show that the archival heritage of Kazakhstan is an area of fruitful and productive cooperation of humanitarians of the countries of Eurasia and also an incentive for integration processes in science and culture in the post-Soviet space.
Report of the Brigadier A. Veterani to the Emperor Peter I: A New Document on the Expedition of Russian Troops to the Village of Endirei in Dagestan (1722)
Authors:   Institute of History, Archeology and Ethnography Dagestan Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Makhachkala, Russian Federation, Magaramov Sharafetdin A.
Published: December 2021

The article and publication of archival sources is devoted to one of the chapters in the Persian campaign (1722–23) of the Emperor Peter I on the territory of Dagestan. The author focuses on the military expedition of Russian troops commanded by Brigadier Andrei Veterani against one of the Dagestan rulers – the Endirei ruler Aidemir (July 23, 1722). The expedition was undertaken on account of his anti-Russian position; the Dagestan ruler had repeatedly made forays to Cossack towns and to the fortress of Terki. The Astrakhan governor A. P. Volynsky personally convinced the tsar of the necessity to punish Aidemir; he was a supporter of active military actions against Dagestan rulers who were not loyal to the Russian side. The publication of a new source (1722) from the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts — report of the Brigadier A. Veterani to the Emperor Peter I on the results of expedition to the village of Endirei in Dagestan — highlights details of the first battle of the Russian troops with the Dagestan detachments during the Persian campaign of 1722–23. The published archival document contains valuable information on command structure of the Brigadier A. Veterani’s corps, consisting of dragoons, Ukrainian Cossacks, and Kalmyks; it provides data on the number of detachments and their tactics, as well as (which is very important in any battle) on the losses of the Russian troops. Unfortunately, the document does not contain any information about the Endirei losses. Another document introduced by the author into scientific use, "Description of the campaign of Emperor Peter the Great to the Persian provinces lying on the Caspian Sea" from the Russian State Military Historical Archive (RGVIA), also contains information about the Endirei expedition. There is data complementing the A. Veterani report, in particular, about the arrival of Colonel Naumov with his squad and about the brigadier’s tactical mistake. Both documents reconstruct a quite comprehensive picture of the campaign of the imperial troops in Enderi, its assault and capture. The author concludes that before the battle of Enderi, Russian military leaders underestimated combat capabilities of the Dagestan detachments and did not take into account geographical features. In future, lessons were learned: heeding geographical features in combat operations allowed the Russian troops approaching Derbent to avoid heavy losses in the next battle with another Dagestan ruler, Sultan Mahmud Utamyshsky.
“Concerning the Recently Notorious Issue of Rejuvenation”: Geneticist Yuri Filipchenco’s Letter to the Director of the Institute of Experimental Biology, Nikolai Koltsov (August 29, 1923)
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Moscow, Russian Federation, Sliskova Valeria V.
Published: December 2021

The publication aims to introduce into scientific use the letter written by Russian geneticist Yuri A. Filipchenco. It was sent to the head of the Institute of Experimental Biology, Nikolai K. Koltsov on 29 August 1923. The published document thematically falls within the field of the history of science — Soviet biomedicine — in the early Soviet period. One of the documents attached to the letter was the Yu. A. Filipchenco’s response to the Rejuvenation: Collected papers published under N. K. Koltsov’s editorship in 1923. The collection included works of leading foreign specialists who had studied aging processes and rejuvenation in the second half of the 19th and early 20th century. The popularity of the idea of rejuvenation increased and scientists attempted to achieve it venturing into methods of biology and medicine. Their efforts contributed to the development of scientific disciplines focusing on the idea. By early 1920s, rejuvenation had become one of the most popular ideas — there were numerous publications in periodicals devoted to biomedical methods for preventing aging processes. The major scientific center was Institute of Experimental Biology founded in 1917. Another document attached to the letter was Yu. A. Filipchenco’s review of the work of American geneticist R. Goldschmidt. By contrast to the Rejuvenation: Collected papers, this work directly related to his professional interests, as in collaboration with N. K. Koltsov he took part in institutionalization of genetics and eugenics in the first post-revolutionary years. The unpublished materials deposited in the archives of both scientists are important for history of Soviet science in 1920s. The published document has been found in the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ARAN) in the fond of N. K. Koltsov (fond 450). The letter adds to the history of national genetics and rejuvenation studies in the early Soviet period. It also illustrates some nuances of the scientists’ everyday life, as they are mentioned in the letter. The document is published in compliance with current spelling and punctuation rules. The author’s notes and underlining are preserved. Information on the mentioned persons and works is given in the footnotes. Commentary, preceding the publication of the document, assesses its significance.
The First World War and the Reconstruction of the Petrograd Railway Junction: 1914–18
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia, Bogomazov Nikolay I.
Published: December 2021

The study of the Russian railways functioning in the days of the First World War is one of most important topics for understanding Russian economy problems on the eve of the Russian revolution, as well as for comprehending the 1917 revolution itself. The transport crisis, which in 1915 already became a manifestation of the governance problems, was obviously one of the components of the revolutionary situation that had developed in the Russian Empire by 1917. Identifying government capabilities for preventing crisis is one of relevant tasks for studying the history of Russia during the First World War. A key aspect thereof is consideration of the transport situation in the capital — Petrograd. The expansion of source base for this topic is the main goal of the author. The article analyzes the text of the explanatory note to the general scheme for the development and reorganization of the Petrograd railway junction, drafted in the Administration of the Nikolaevskaya railway by engineers S.I.Kulzhinsky and A.A. Glavatsky (late 1915). This document shows that Russian engineers were well aware of the transport problems in the Russian capital and proposed solutions that could have helped to avoid food crises, such as the one that arose in February 1917. Moreover, the plan was to take into account planned cargo turnover up to 1930 and difficulties that were to emerge in the future (for example, connecting the railway network to the city metro). After its approval by the Special Council on Transportation, in March 1916 loans were allocated for the work. But it was too late: the revolution and the ensuing Civil War prevented the implementation of the project. In 1919, construction works finally stopped and constructed sections were dismantled. Some of the recommendations were implemented in the 20th century, but a significant part of the proposals remained on paper. However, many proposals remain relevant today for improving the transport system in St. Petersburg. For instance, the main theses of the plan may prove useful for the development of plans for linking St. Petersburg to the high-speed highway Moscow—St. Petersburg. The study has drawn on materials from the Russian State Historical Archive and from the Central State Historical Archive of St. Petersburg.
Light Industry in the Urals in the Days of the New Economic Policy in the Context of Early Industrial Modernization of the Late 19th – the First Half of the 20th Century
Authors:   Orenburg State Pedagogical University, Orenburg, Russian Federation, Khisamutdinova Ravilya R. , Vasilieva Svetlana U. ,   Togliatti State University, Togliatti, Russian Federation
Published: December 2021

The article examines the development of the light industry sectors of the Urals in the 1920s drawing on materials from state archives of the Russian Federation. The study is to identify the signs of the process of early industrial modernization in the light industry of the Urals in the days of the New Economic Policy and to analyze them. To achieve this goal, the following tasks have been set: to analyze the network of light industry enterprises in the Urals; to study the state of material and technical base of industrial enterprises in the region; to reveal the dynamics of gross output. Early industrial modernization in Russia began in the late 19th century. However, for a number of reasons, including the events of the First World War, revolutionary upheavals, and the Civil War, it remained unconcluded after the first two decades of the 20th century. The period of the New Economic Policy is considered by V.V. Alekseev and I.V. Poberezhnikov as a continuation of the early industrial modernization. The chronological framework of the study covers the period of the New Economic Policy, from 1921 to 1927. The territorial framework is the Ural Economic Region. Geographic, economic, and ethnic factors permit to address the Urals as an integral territorial entity. In the 1920s, it included the Ural region (now the Sverdlovsk, Perm, Chelyabinsk, and Kurgan regions), the Orenburg gubernia (now the Orenburg region), the Votyak Autonomous Oblast (now the Udmurt Republic), and the Bashkir ASSR (now the Republic of Bashkortostan). The article highlights the issues of trustification in the light industry of the region, the emergence of new plants and factories. The network of industrial enterprises was transformed during the period under review. As a result of consolidation and liquidation of unprofitable enterprises, the number of factories and plants decreased in comparison with the indicators of 1913 by 12 units. The largest number of industrial enterprises was concentrated on the territory of the Ural Region. The process of the light industry sectors recovery of the 1920s was accompanied by the solution of a number of problems associated with shortage of raw materials and need to upgrade the equipment. During the period under review, enterprises experienced difficulties in raw materials supply. Most dynamically developing industries were textiles, footwear, and clothing. By the end of the New Economic Policy, the volume of production of light industry goods in the region exceeded pre-war indicators. However, the revealed data indicate that the process of early industrial modernization in the light industry of the Urals was incomplete by the end of the 1920s.
Stalin’s Liquidation of Kulaks as Class and Organization of the Process of the Soviet Peasantry Proletarianization
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Moscow, Russian Federation, Anfertiev Ivan A.
Published: December 2021

The article examines various aspects of the recently revealed archival document of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) on the plan of repressive policy against the Soviet peasantry “On measures to eliminate kulak farms in the areas of continuous collectivization.” The author notes that the process of liquidation of kulaks as class, or of depeasantrification, as it is often designated in the historical literature, has been well studied. The first and rather timid attempts to assess the problem in the terms of individual “deformations of socialism” date to the turn the 1990s. At present, the attention is mostly focused on the regional aspect, as over the past three decades there has been made available a complex of sources from local archives, which was previously in closed storage. The article analyzes preconditions of the protest sentiments in the course of mass collectivization undertaken by the party bodies in the center and in the regions, as well as harsh suppression of possible peasant uprisings by punitive bodies, identification and persecution of the instigators. Examination of official party documents on collectivization permits to identify the ideological, social, and economic criteria for ranking Soviet peasants among kulaks. It is concluded that liquidation of kulaks as class on the territory of the USSR was conducted in a very short time and in two stages. At the first stage, in January – March 1930, repressions were to be carried out in the economically developed regions: the Black Earth region, the Middle and Lower Volga region, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Belarus, North Caucasus, Dagestan, Ural, Siberia. The second stage spread them to other regions of Soviet Russia. The author notes an inconsistency in the thesis of positive economic consequences of the mass collectivization and elimination of kulaks as class for industrialization. Taking into account their consequences, the author proposes to consider these two complementary processes initiated by the leadership of the CPSU (B) as a preventive campaign to intimidate the rural population in order to return to the methods of surplus appropriation via formation of the collective farm system. It has been revealed that J.V. Stalin’s plans, in accordance with the Marxist-Leninist doctrine, included a rapid change in socio-economic status of peasants: from relatively free farmers, producers of agricultural products entitled to manage their crops (after paying the taxes) to hired workers, in other words, proletarians. According to the author, the large-scale famine of the first half of the 1930s was a direct consequence of the so-called “revolutionary transformations in agriculture,” the victims of which are still to be accurately calculated.
More Theories, Good and Different: Reflections on the G. A. Dvoenosova’s Monograph on the Theory of Document in the Paradigm of Interdisciplinary Knowledge
Authors:   First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, Mazur Lyudmila N.
Published: December 2021

G. A. Dvoenosova’s monograph is an attempt at theoretical rethinking of the phenomenon of document in the context of synergistic paradigm. It presents a full-scale structural and functional analysis of document. Based on the principle of causality, the laws of origin and evolution of document have been revealed, the role of document as a system-forming factor has been studied. These questions occupy several chapters in the monograph, where the phenomenon of document is examined in detail from different angles. Document is an interdisciplinary concept included in the dictionaries of many sciences: social, informational, humanitarian, technical, etc. This complicates its study and theoretical comprehension, since each scientific discipline forms its own view of the phenomenon, sets its own accents, and offers its own methods and approaches to its study. Being a classical document expert by education and vocation, G. A. Dvoenosova has made an attempt to integrate the existing knowledge on document into a unified theory based on synergetic toolkit and offered it to the scientific community. The author of the presented monograph is fluent in her material, using a variety of approaches to its interpretation (philosophical, informational, managerial, etc.). Her monograph is characterized by deep historiographic study of its main subjects and by its polemical orientation. Using different research optics, the author reveals the phenomenological nature of document, its systemic characteristics, allowing it to connect space and time, to organize society and structure its information flows. I would like to dwell on the definition of document as materialized memory of humanity. Evaluating the presented theory as an undoubted scientific achievement, it is important to emphasize that synergetic theory of document takes into account and integrates various achievements in the field of theoretical understanding of document as seen in classical document management, communication and information theories of document.
FORECASTING THE DIRECTIONS OF MODERNIZATION OF ECONOMIC SECTORS AND REGIONS OF THE COUNTRY DURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE EIGHTH TECHNOLOGICAL ORDER
Authors: Glushchenko Valery V.
Published: December 2021

The subject of the article is forecasting the directions of modernization of economic sectors and regions of the country during the development of the eighth technological order (ETO); the object of the article is the 8th technological order in the economy of the country; the purpose of the work is to reduce the risks of sustainable development of the economy and society during the formation of the eighth technological order; to achieve this goal, the following tasks are solved: synthesis of a systematic and descriptive model of the 8th technological order (ETO); formation of sectoral system models of scientific and technological development (fuel and energy complex, military-technical sphere, country region); formation of a project model of organizations' activities; comparative analysis of process and subject models of organization functioning; analysis of factors and methods of synthesis of innovative ideas during the formation of the 8th technological order; comparative analysis of three conceptual approaches in the modernization of the economy (theory of technological orders; ecosystem approach; concepts of convergent (nature-like) technologies); description of methods for modeling innovative projects; study of methods for forming an innovative project business plan; scientific methods in the article are historical analysis; theory of technological orders, theory of forecasting and planning, heuristic synthesis, modeling, logical and structural analysis of projects, expert assessments; scientific novelty of the article is determined by: development of methods for forecasting the processes of modernization of economic sectors and regions of the country; comparative analysis of three concepts of modernization (theory of technological orders; ecosystem approach; the concept of the development of nature-like technologies); the development of a conceptual approach to the modernization of large technological systems within the framework of the theory of technological orders.
Analytical Evaluation of Behavior of Composite Columns Under Axial Load
Authors: ETLİ Serkan
Published: December 2021

In the literature, various studies have been carried out for different nonlinear modeling strategies to model the response of such composite column members subjected to dynamic loads. In studies of concrete filled steel tubes elements with software using a finite element method such as ABAQUS, ANSYS and LS-DYNA, which have been used in the literature in recent years, it is seen that steel and concrete components are generally modeled separately with the help of plate, shell, or solid elements. To simulate the interaction between these element models, the help of some other connector or interface elements is needed. Therefore, the biggest disadvantage of using commercial packages is that very complex calculations arise by using much smaller parts of the element to be analytically modeled and the interaction structures to be produced between them. As a result, the necessity of computationally intensive and at the same time long-term work emerges. Within the scope of this study, it is aimed to calculate composite columns faster and more accurately as possible by using fiber section elements and standard material models under axial loading effects. It was observed that the selected parameters had a significant effect on the results obtained
De quem é a cultura?
Authors: Barcellos Victor
Published: December 2021

A presente resenha busca destacar e estabelecer conexões entre as principais questões apresentadas na obra “A cultura é livre: uma história da resistência antipropriedade”, pelo pesquisador da Comunicação e editor do BaixaCultura Leonardo Foletto. O resgate empreendido na obra das ideias, acontecimentos e ferramentas que constituem a história das tensões entre a apropriação e liberação da cultura nos ajuda a colocar em perspectiva a situação da cultura no presente. Para sustentar sua jornada, o autor oferece uma panorama histórico da cultura que vai da Antiguidade aos dias atuais, precisamente no momento em que seu compartilhamento se tornou mais propício, e também quando se veem mais esforços por seu aprisionamento. E traz consigo a lembrança de que um mundo de livre circulação de ideias é possível.
Del dualismo moderno a la afirmación del cuerpo: poder dominación, subjetividades y saberes implicados
Authors: González Lorena
Published: December 2021

El escrito busca explicitar cómo, a partir de la dicotomía cuerpo razón, pieza clave de la epistemología hegemónica, se configura una subjetividad funcional al orden opresivo imperante. Frente a ello, la apuesta por un conocimiento liberador que transgreda el imperativo de orden exige afirmar el cuerpo. La apuesta por la implicancia y la recuperación de la capacidad creadora posibilita la emergencia de otros saberes y subjetividades.
Investigation of non-imaging Fresnel lens prototyping with different manufacturing methods for solar energy application
Authors: Sexton Ai Jiang , Qandil Hassan , Abdallah Mohammad , Zhao Weihuan
Published: December 2021

Non-imaging Fresnel lenses have been playing an important role in improving the efficiency of the solar energy systems. Many researchers have been developing novel designs of Fresnel lenses to enhance the concentrator performance. To bring the complex design of a Fresnel lens from a conceptual theory to a real-life application while maintaining its efficiency, it is critical to find the optimum manufacturing method that achieves the best quality fabrication at low cost in the lab scale. This work will systematically investigate four advanced manufacturing methods for their lens-making capabilities, including pressure casting, hot embossing, 3D printing, and CNC machining. Six Fresnel lenses were fabricated by the four methods, which were tested in the lab by a solar simulator and a solar cell to demonstrate their performances. The CNC machining provides the best quality lab-scale Fresnel lens that enhances the solar cell efficiency by 118.3%. 3D printing and hot embossing methods are also promising for the fabrication of good performance lenses – increasing the solar cell efficiency by 40-70%. However, the 3D printed lens has the issue of material degradation on the long term. Although the pressure casting is the easiest manufacturing method, the performance of fabricated lens was the lowest.
ed-Dürerü’n-Nâsire fî Tevcîhi’l-Kırââti’l-Mütevâtire Adlı Eseri Bağlamında İbn Acîbe’nin Kıraat Yönü
Authors: TAŞPINAR Kadir
Published: December 2021

İbn Acîbe’nin (ö. 1224/1809) ed-Dürerü’n-nâsire fî tevcîhi’l-kırââti’l-mütevâtire adlı eseri, kıraatlerin tevcihine yönelik yapılan çalışmaların 18. yüzyıldaki en önemli örneklerinden biridir. Eser, İbn Acîbe’nin kıraat alanında müstakil olarak kaleme aldığı tek çalışması olup adından da anlaşılacağı üzere mütevâtir kıraatlerin tahlilini konu edinmektedir. Müellif bu çalışmasıyla kıraat alanındaki bilgi ve birikimini ortaya koymaktadır. Eserin girişinde yer alan üç mukaddimede Kur’ân tilâvetine ve kıraat ilmine dair bazı meselelere yer verilmiştir. Özellikle üçüncü mukaddimede kıraat ihtilâflarının kaynağı olarak kabul edilen yedi harf meselesi ele alınmıştır. Mütevâtir kıraatlerin tahlilinde her sûreden seçilen ve izahına ihtiyaç duyulan kelimeler, iʿrab, isnad, mana ve tercih gibi yönlerden değerlendirmeye tabi tutulmuştur. Eser, tarihi süreçte kaleme alınan tevcih kaynaklarını ve görüşlerinden istifade edilen âlimleri referans göstermesi bakımından da dikkat çekmektedir. İbn Acîbe’nin kıraat yönünü ele alan herhangi bir akademik çalışmanın yapılmamış olması bizi bu konuyu araştırmaya sevk etmiştir. Çalışmamızda, mezkûr eser bağlamında İbn Acîbe’nin kıraat ilmi tarihine ve kıraat ihtilâflarının tevcihine yönelik görüşleri değerlendirilecek ve müellifin kıraat yönü ortaya konmaya çalışılacaktır.
Tuning of a control compensator from the first generation with comparison with compensators from the second compensator generation
Authors: Galal Ali Hassaan
Published: December 2021

The paper investigates the tuning of a second order compensator from the first compensators generation when used to control a highly oscillating second order process. It compares the performance characteristics of the control system comprising this compensator to control the highly oscillating second order process with those resulting from the use of five compensators from the second compensators generation. The comparison covers three time-based characteristics: maximum percentage overshoot, settling time and steady-state error. All the compensators are tuned and the analysis results help control engineers to select appropriate compensators according to the desired performance characteristic for a specific application.
COVID-19 vaccine coverage and the necessity of its urgent development towards Omicron the new SARS CoV-2 B.1.1. 529 variant
Authors: Laith Ghadhanfer Shareef
Published: December 2021

A SARS-CoV-2 variant belonging to Pango lineage B.1.1.529 with a significant number of S-gene mutations compared to the original virus was found in early November 2021. On 26th November 2021, the World Health Organization (WHO) designated the mutation as a variant of concern and assigned it the name Omicron. The difference is identified by 30 changes in the spike protein, three minor deletions, and one minor insertion, 15 of which are in the receptor-binding area. The Omicron variant is the most diverging variety discovered in substantial numbers so far during the pandemic, raising significant concerns that it may be associated with significant reductions in vaccination efficacy and an increased risk of reinfections. Omicron pseudo- or live virus isolates are urgently needed to understand better the virus's escape potential against both vaccination, and infection-acquired immunity is urgently required.
Medicinal plants possess sedative and anxiolytic effect with emphasis on their mechanisms of action
Authors: Ali Esmail Al-Snafi
Published: December 2021

Insomnia and anxiety are worldwide medical problems. Plant extracts possessed sedative and anxiolytic effect via different mechanisms included interactions with Na+ channels, γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and chatecholamines. In the current review, Web Science, PubMed, Scopus and Science Direct, were searched to investigate the plants with sedative and anxiolytic effects
Cancer stem cells and their detection using specific cancer stem cell markers- a new strategy for cancer therapies
Authors: Khalida I. Noel  , Rana M. Raoof  , Nibras H. Khamees
Published: December 2021

Background: In the previous theories of cancer, they considered that cancer was a homogeneous which mean that the tumor had only tumor cells and for this reason the treatment for any tumor directed to kill these tumor cells. But, with rising of the metastatic cases of cancer patients, another theory have been raised, that the cancer is a heterogeneous disease which composed of tumor cells that previously the chemotherapy and other cancer therapies directed toward them, in addition there is another group of cells, called cancer stem cells (CSCs), these are more aggressive than the tumor cells that can force the poor microenvironment of the cancer tissue and survive and also they are undifferentiated cells so can undergo mitosis to produce more tumor cells and another group of cancer stem cells in contrast to the tumor cells, which considered a post mitotic and not divided. Objective: Demonstrate some of cancer stem cell markers that considered an important indicators of early cancer development and lately to detect cases of metastasis. Conclusion: The theory of the presence of cancer stem cells is more acceptable and applicable and so the cancer therapy must be directed to these groups of cancer stem cells.
The effect of inflation on economic growth in Ghana, 1995-2019: Post democratic analysis
Authors: Yenube Clement Kunkuaboor  , Moisob Adamu  , Miilon Sommik-Duut  , Fatawu Abdul-Seidu
Published: December 2021

Background: One of the fundamental goals of macroeconomic policy in many nations, both developed and developing, is to foster economic development while keeping inflation low. There has been a debate as to whether inflation impacts negatively on economic growth or rather promotes economic growth. The study is motivated by this controversy and used time-series data from 1995 to 2019 in Ghana to examine the relationship between inflation and economic growth, establish the long-run effect and also test whether there exists a causal effect between inflation and economic growth. Method: The review utilized Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression examination to inspect the impact of inflation on economic growth and while long run co-integration relationship was additionally decide utilizing Fully Modified (FM-OLS) regression analysis. Granger causality was investigated to see if there is a causal impact among inflation and economic growth. Model diagnoses were performed to discover the strength of the discoveries where autocorrelation, multicollinearity, normality test and heteroscedasticity were tested. Results: The review uncovered that, inflation has a negative measurably irrelevant impact on economic growth at 5% basic level. The concentrate likewise uncovered that there was co-integration relationship between inflation and economic growth during the time of viable 1995-2019. There was no causal impact among inflation and economic growth, in this way neither inflation nor economic growth Granger-Causes the other. The study suggest that inflation targeting ought to be the best financial approach measure for economic growth by keeping up with the rate at 8+/-2%.
Application of project-based teaching method in teaching the heat engine
Authors: Nguyen Duc Ca
Published: December 2021

Project-based teaching is an important form of teaching to implement the modern teaching perspective such as learner orientation, action orientation, and problem solving teaching and integrated teaching perspective. The more developed science and technology, teaching methods in the field of engineering (technical pedagogy) are also increasingly rich, diverse and sophisticated. Content of this article presented on the application of project-based teaching method to teach for subject of the “heat engine” of technical university. The initial results showed that this teaching method has been promoting a positive, creative and create excitement for learners in the learning process. This method should be further studied and applied much more in practice teaching in the colleges and universities.
Remission of comorbidities, weight loss, and adverse events after Sleeve Gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in patients with obesity
Authors: Omar Thaher  , Jamal Driouch  , Martin Hukauf  , Christine Stroh
Published: December 2021

Background: Despite the extensive literature on the outcome and impact of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) on comorbidities and weight loss, clear evidence is still lacking. Our study aims to compare the short- and long-term efficacy and safety of the two procedures in patients with obesity. Methods: The primary endpoint of this retrospective registry study is to examine the adverse events after surgery, weight loss, and remission rate of comorbidities 12 months after surgery. Any result with a p-value of 5% corresponds to a significant outcome. Results: 27,882 patients had completed a one-year follow-up. 14,399 patients after SG and 13,483 after RYGB. The overall rate of intraoperative and postoperative complications was not significantly different between the two groups (overall p>5%). The %EWL was 62.4% in the SG group vs. 69.2% in the RYGB group; p<0.001. BMI reduction and mean weight loss were significantly different between the two groups in favor of SG. The RYGB group achieved significantly better remission of diabetes mellitus (T2DM; p<0.001), hypertension (28.8% vs. 23.5%; p < 0.001) and reflux 22.3% vs. 7.8%; p<0.001). Sleep apnea remission was similar between the two groups (10.2%; p<0.001). Conclusion: SG and RYGB are effective methods in the treatment of obesity. RYGB achieved better results in terms of remission of comorbidities and %EWL. However, further studies are needed to investigate the sustainability of weight loss and remission of comorbidities after both procedures.
Remission of comorbidities, weight loss, and adverse events after sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass in patients with obesity
Authors: Omar Thaher  , Jamal Driouch  , Martin Hukauf  , Christine Stroh
Published: December 2021

Background: Despite the extensive literature on the outcome and impact of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) on comorbidities and weight loss, clear evidence is still lacking. Our study aims to compare the short- and long-term efficacy and safety of the two procedures in patients with obesity. Methods: The primary endpoint of this retrospective registry study is to examine the adverse events after surgery, weight loss, and remission rate of comorbidities 12 months after surgery. Any result with a p-value of ≤ 5% corresponds to a significant outcome. Results: 27,882 patients had completed a one-year follow-up. 14,399 patients after SG and 13,483 after RYGB. The overall rate of intraoperative and postoperative complications was not significantly different between the two groups (overall p>5%). The %EWL was 62.4% in the SG group vs. 69.2% in the RYGB group; p<0.001. BMI reduction and mean weight loss were significantly different between the two groups in favor of SG. The RYGB group achieved significantly better remission of diabetes mellitus (T2DM; p<0.001), hypertension (28.8% vs. 23.5%; p < 0.001) and reflux 22.3% vs. 7.8%; p<0.001). Sleep apnea remission was similar between the two groups (10.2%; p<0.001). Conclusion: SG and RYGB are effective methods in the treatment of obesity. RYGB achieved better results in terms of remission of comorbidities and %EWL. However, further studies are needed to investigate the sustainability of weight loss and remission of comorbidities after both procedures.
Life of patients with cerebellar ataxia: A systematic review
Authors: Débora Maria Figueiredo Lucena  , Jéssika Figueiredo Lucena  , Ana Kitéria Pinheiro Cavalcante  , Alessandra Jespersen de Athayde Rocha  , Beatriz Nunes Ferraz de Abreu Zech Sylvestre  , Laís de Miranda Sales Rocha
Published: December 2021

Objectives: Conduct a literature search for scientific tests concerning treatment combined with well-being in cerebellar ataxias using electronic data sources. Methods: A search was conducted organized by scientific tests worried about the treatment allied to well-being in cerebellar ataxias using the electronic data sources PubMed, Medline, Embase, Cinahl and Pedro, and listings of recommendations of articles, from 1980 to December 2011, including in English and Dutch. Results: Information suggests that physical treatment, when included in occupational treatment, may improve international practical reputation, just as treatment at work alone may decrease signs of anxiety (grade 3). Conclusion: We have found some care for performing physical and work treatment, but other studies are necessary to create medical technique suggestions.
Pelatihan Kontrol Keuangan UMKM di Masa Pandemi Menggunakan Media Daring Googlemeet
Authors: Ary William Wendy
Published: December 2021

Kemunculan virus covid-19 telah menyebabkan goncangan di seluruh aspek kehidupan manusia salah satunya adalah perekonomian. Salah satu sektor perekonomian yang merasakan dari dampak pandemi covid-19 ini adalah sektor UMKM. Sektor UMKM berkontribusi hampir lebih dari 57,8% perekonomian bagi perekonomian Indonesia dan apabila sektor ini tergoncang maka perekonomian Indonesia otomatis akan ikut tergoncang. Hal inilah yang melatarbelakangi pelaksanaan pengabdian masyarakat tentang kontrol keuangan UMKM di masa pandemi. Pelaksanaan pengabdian ini berbentuk Webinar yang terdiri dari dua sesi acara yaitu sesi pemaparan materi selama 90 menit dan sesi pelatihan selama 30 menit. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini dirasakan manfaatnya oleh para peserta yang berasal dari pelaku UMKM sampai Mahasiswa, kegiatan ini juga memperoleh penilaian angka kepuasan yang cukup tinggi terhadap pelaksanaan kegiatan dan peserta juga memiliki tingkat pemahaman terhadap materi yang disampaikan di kisaran angka 76 -100%. Kata Kunci: UMKM, Keuangan, Pandemi, Manajemen, Pengabdian Masyarakat Abstract The emergence of covid-19 virus has caused shocks in all aspects of human’, one of which is world’s economy. One of the economic sectors that is affected by covid-19 pandemic is the MSME sector. The MSME sector contributes almost more than 57,8% of the economy of Indonesia and if this sector is unstable then the Indonesian economy will automatically be in trouble. This problem has encouraged this community service activity to educate the owners of MSME to manage their business properly during the pandemic. The activities consist of two event sessions in a webinar: a 90-minute material exposure session and a 30-minute training session. These community service activities not only benefits all the participants, but also gets high satisfaction ratings. Furthermore, the participants mostly said that they have around 76 – 100% level of understanding after they attended this community service webinar.   Keywords: MSME, Finance, Pandemic, Management, Community Service
Первый министр экономики РФ о начале радикальных экономических реформ (о книге А. Нечаева «Россия на переломе…»)
Authors: Ханин Г.
Published: December 2021

Анализируются воспоминания бывшего министра экономики РФ Андрея Нечаева с точки зрения влияния деятельности первого постсоветского правительства России на ее текущее и долгосрочное экономическое развитие. Показано, что «хирургические меры», предпринятые Правительством в 1991 г., позволили предотвратить крах экономики страны, восстановив роль экономических рычагов и создав условия для экономической конкуренции и предпринимательской инициативы. Однако стратегические решения не имели под собой прочной основы в виде глубокого анализа достоверной экономической информации. Наиболее крупными просчетами были чрезмерные налоги на юридических лиц и недостаточные – на физических, слабые меры по стимулированию конверсии. Следствием этих ошибок стали длительное сокращение физического и человеческого капитала, чудовищная социальная дифференциация, огромная утечка капитала из России.