bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of endophytic colonization and establishment of entomopathogenic fungi against Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in tomato plants
Authors: Geremew Dereje , Shiberu Tadale , Leta Ararsa
Published: July 2024

Background The tomato, Solanum lycopersicum L., is one of the most important horticultural crops that can be consumed fresh or after being processed worldwide. The tomato leaf miner (Tuta absoluta) is one of the most devastating pest to tomato plants due to its mine-feeding nature in the mesophyll tissue of the plant. Fungal entomopathogens can exist naturally in plants as an asymptote. This study aimed to detect the endophytic colonization of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium robertsii within tomato plants via artificial inoculation and their virulence effects on Tuta absoluta. Methods Isolates with the highest percent germination and virulence against T. absoluta were selected for endophytic evaluation within tomato plants by different artificial inoculation techniques. Results This study revealed that, isolates with the highest percent germination and virulent to Tuta absoluta had the potential to colonize tomato plants. The result showed that, the maximum mortality rate (97.5%) of Tuta absoluta larvae was achieved by Metarhizium robertsii isolate K-61 at a concentration of 1x108conidial/ml at 7 days post inoculated. However, the highest cumulative mortality (100%) was recorded by Beauveria bassiana isolate APPRC-27 at 10 days post inoculated through the direct contact method. The highest endophytic colonization was registered by isolate APPRC-27 (76.67%) at 7 days post-inoculated using the leaf spray technique, but it declined to 11.67% after 28 days of inoculated. In the case of the seedling inoculation technique, the highest endophytic colonization was obtained in the root tissues of tomatoes at 28 days of inoculated by isolate K-61. Conclusions This study revealed that the leaf spray inoculation technique was the most effective method, followed by seedling inoculation, for the deployment of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium robertsii endophytes in tomato plant tissues. Therefore, virulent Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium robertsii, are promising bioagents for the control of Tuta absoluta if deployed as endophytes.
The genome sequence of wood avens, Geum urbanum L., 1753
Authors: Christenhusz Maarten J. M. , Lu Meng ,   Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Genome Acquisition Lab,   Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh Genome Acquisition Lab,   Plant Genome Sizing collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: July 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual Geum urbanum the (wood avens; Streptophyta; Magnoliopsida; Rosales; Rosaceae). The genome sequence is 1,304.9 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 21 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial and plastid genomes have also been assembled and are 335.5 and 156.1 kilobases in length respectively. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 50,336 protein-coding genes.
The role of Gut Microbiota and Probiotics in physical performance of athletes - Literature review
Authors: Skupińska Olga , Wojtczak Karolina , Antczak Joanna , Kajka Anna , Hamerska Julia , Ruta Damian , Bocianiak Bogumił , Hamerska Laura , Lipska Julia , Fenrych Urszula
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION: The human gut microbiota is an extremely diverse and complex ecosystem that inhibits the mucous membranes of the intestines. It is probable that the microbiota, with its capacity to influence the immune system and establish the conditions required for metabolic and structural functions essential for maintaining homeostasis, may significantly affect the health, well-being, and performance of athletes.
PURPOSE: The aim of the study is to present the current state of knowledge about the differences in athletes’ gut microbiota, how these changes affect their physical performance and uncover the mechanisms behind gut microbiota and probiotics in physical performance among population of athletes.
 
MATERIAL AND METHODS: The following review was conducted using the articles from the Pubmed and Google Scholar databases, employing keywords related to gut microbiota, athletes, physical performance. We collected studies performed on populations of athletes, exploring different sport disciplines.
 
CONCLUSIONS:
Numerous studies have investigated the gut microbiota of athletes, emphasizing the impact of both training and diet. Athletes' unique dietary regimens, including higher protein or carbohydrates intake, influence their gut microbiome, leading to enhanced performance. These findings uncover that diet diversity correlates with gut diversity, which is linked to metabolic benefits and a lean phenotype. Studies on rugby players, cyclists, and marathoners reveal that certain microbial species, like Prevotella and Veillonella, are more abundant in athletes and play significant roles in nutrient metabolism and exercise recovery. These findings suggest that the interaction between athletic lifestyle and the gut microbiota affects positively the metabolism of the host, by enhancing microbiota diversity, and increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria.
The impact of Intermittent Fasting on Weight Loss and Metabolic Health - a review of the latest research
Authors: Gonciarz Marta Justyna , Adamiec Dominika Karolina , Dąbrowska Anna , Paduszyńska Natalia , Zaliwska Dominika , Czach Magdalena , Strojny Agnieszka Aleksandra , Kraszkiewicz Adrianna , Kamińska Monika Anna , Do Monika Kienanh
Published: July 2024

Introduction and purpose
 
     Intermittent fasting (IF) is a dietary pattern that alternates between periods of fasting or reduced caloric intake and periods of unrestricted eating. There are three primary types of IF: Alternate Day Fasting (ADF), Time-Restricted Eating (TRE), and Periodic Fasting (PF). This review article summarizes the impact of IF on weight loss. Additionally, it examines the broader health effects of IF, including its influence on cardiovascular risk, diabetes management, and neurodegenerative diseases. 
 
Description of the state of knowledge
 
     Fasting, the practice of abstaining from or limiting food intake for a specified period, has been a cultural and religious tradition worldwide for centurie. Common IF methods alternating 24-hour periods of fasting with days of eating, TRE restricts eating to specific windows of time each day, and PF includes patterns such as the 5:2 diet, where fasting occurs on two days each week.
 
Conclusions
 
     The analysis of the review article demonstrates that intermittent fasting (IF) leads to weight loss, aiding in the treatment of obesity. Moreover, IF reduces glycated hemoglobin levels and increases periods of normoglycemia, potentially benefiting diabetes patients. Nonetheless, there is a lack of sufficient research to confirm the safety of IF for diabetics, given the risk of hypoglycemia. Research also indicates that IF positively impacts cardiovascular risk factors by lowering total cholesterol, LDL-C, and triglyceride levels. Additionally, while IF might reduce the risk of certain cancers by addressing obesity, it is not advised for cancer patients due to inadequate scientific evidence. Furthermore, some studies indicate that IF could be advantageous in managing certain neurological diseases.
Efficacy and Safety of Miebo® (Perfluorohexyloctane Ophthalmic Solution) in Treating Dry Eye Disease - a narrative review
Authors: Nowoświat Patrycja , Kozicz Michał Andrzej , Cuper Paulina , Jastrzębska Ilona , Bilecki Krzysztof , Gugulski Hubert , Bado Michał , Mrowczyk Patrycja
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Dry eye disease (DED) is a prevalent and debilitating ocular condition characterized by discomfort, visual disturbances, and tear film instability. Recent therapeutic developments have introduced perfluorohexyloctane ophthalmic solution (Miebo®) as a potential treatment for DED, particularly in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD).
Aim of the Study: This narrative review aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Miebo® in treating DED based on current clinical evidence.
Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases up to May 2024 resulting in the identification of 9 studies. The review included randomized controlled trials, prospective cohort studies, and systematic reviews that focused on the use of Miebo® for DED. Data on efficacy in improving tear film stability and symptom relief, as well as safety profiles, were extracted and analyzed.
Results: The evidence indicates that Miebo® significantly enhances tear film stability and alleviates symptoms of DED, with pronounced benefits observed in patients with MGD. Comparative studies demonstrate that Miebo® is more effective than conventional treatments, such as artificial tears and lipid-based formulations. Safety assessments reveal minimal ocular surface discomfort and no significant systemic adverse events associated with Miebo® use.
Conclusion: Miebo® shows substantial efficacy and a favorable safety profile in managing DED, making it a valuable therapeutic option, particularly for patients who do not respond to traditional therapies. However, further research is needed to confirm its long-term effectiveness and safety.
The Role of Sport in Human Health: Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis
Authors: Śliz Justyna , Popławska Natalia Aleksandra , Skorupska Marta , Czeczotka Magdalena Joanna , Woźniak Krzysztof , Martka Martyna Magdalena
Published: July 2024

Introduction and purpose 
Osteoporosis is the most prevalent metabolic bone disease, characterized by diminished bone mineral density, compromised bone microarchitecture, and geometry, culminating in diminished bone strength and susceptibility to fractures. Physical activity posits potential as a preventive measure and therapeutic approach for osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of physical activity on the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
Materials and method
In order to curate appropriate sources for this article, a comprehensive search was conducted within the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. 
A brief description of the state of knowledge
One of the risk factors for osteoporosis is a lack of physical activity. For this reason, many scientists have decided to conduct some research to determine whether physical activity will have a beneficial impact on both the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. These studies show that physical activity can benefit people with osteoporosis by improving bone density, balance, strength, and overall physical function. Regular and long-term exercise is essential to maximize these benefits.
Summary
The studies conducted so far provide promising results and confirm the beneficial impact of physical exercises on people with osteoporosis as well as on the prevention of this disease. Exercises should be performed regularly and persistently.
Ante la cobardía o del principio de abrir caminos.
Authors: Siuffi-Campo Juan Carlos
Published: July 2024

Este texto, en formato de ensayo filosófico, se pregunta esencialmente: ¿puede un sujeto agenciarse siendo un cobarde? En un primer momento revisa lo que se ha entendido por valentía y cobardía, mostrando el vínculo evidente entre la valentía y la capacidad de accionar. Posteriormente, busca identifica dos elementos para agenciarse desde la cobardía: la convulsión/combustión y el sitio para realizarla. Esto se logra analizando la teoría de Hannah Arendt, Isaiah Berlin y Judith Butler, contrastándola con la propuesta de Sontag, e incorporando elementos de la filosofía hegeliana y tarotista para determinar el lugar del cobarde. Finalmente, el último apartado de orden conclusivo y personal, afina la propuesta del agenciamiento del cobarde.
Del fenómeno a la esencia. La vía fenomenológica en Metafísica IV 6.
Authors: Linares Pérez Samuel
Published: July 2024

En este trabajo interpretaremos un pasaje de la Metafísica de Aristóteles, 1011a17-1011b, enmarcado en la defensa del Principio de No Contradicción y en la crítica de las posiciones relativistas que lo niegan. Nuestra lectura es que Aristóteles arguye que la adecuada descripción de “lo que aparece a alguien”, i.e., los fenómenos, conduce a la afirmación del Principio. Basándonos en la conexión del Principio con la ousía que proponen numerosos intérpretes, creemos que Aristóteles sugiere, aunque sin desarrollarla, una “vía fenomenológica” para alcanzar la ousía que guarda cierta similitud con la fenomenología del siglo XX.
Retos y dificultades para la inversión extranjera en proyectos mineros en Colombia
Authors: Jiménez-Restrepo Jeisson Esteban , López-Gallego Francisco , Muñoz Yaromir , Arenas-Arango Sandra Milena
Published: July 2024

La minería formalizada ocupa un renglón significativo del PIB colombiano y se desarrolla en dos fases: la exploración y la explotación, ambas muy atractivas para capitales foráneos. Sin embargo, dicha inversión se encuentra lejos de ser algo protocolizado, formal y sencillo. Objetivo: analizar las dificultades, los retos y los desafíos de la inversión extranjera directa (IED) en proyectos mineros en Colombia. Metodología: estudio cualitativo exploratorio con 11 informantes clave, con reconocida trayectoria en la gestión de organizaciones mineras. Resultados principales: se observa un panorama complejo para los inversionistas en proyectos mineros dado que no están claros los permisos, licencias ni formas de funcionamiento; la parte financiera no dispone de mecanismos claros de entrada y salida de capitales, y el relacionamiento con las comunidades aledañas a los proyectos mineros rebasa, en algunos casos, las capacidades de los inversionistas. Conclusiones: a pesar de la importancia para la economía de las regiones, la IED en Colombia para proyectos mineros enfrenta muchas dificultades, que limitan su atractivo. En las dimensiones relativas a la gobernanza de los recursos están los retos económico-financieros del dinero que entra y sale de los proyectos y las consideraciones sobre dificultades que se presentan con las comunidades en los territorios mineros.
Does Online Fundraising Increase Charitable Giving? A Nationwide Field Experiment on Facebook
Authors: Adena Maja , Hager Anselm
Published: July 2024

Does online fundraising increase charitable giving? Using the Facebook advertising tool, we implemented a natural field experiment across Germany, randomly assigning almost 8,000 postal codes to Save the Children fundraising videos or to a pure control. We studied changes in the donation revenue and frequency for Save the Children and other charities by postal code. Our geo-randomized design circumvented many difficulties inherent in studies based on click-through data, especially substitution and measurement issues. We found that (i) video fundraising increased donation revenue and frequency to Save the Children during the campaign and in the subsequent five weeks, that (ii) the campaign was profitable for the fundraiser, and that (iii) the effects were similar independent of video content and impression assignment strategy. However, we also found some crowding out of donations to other similar charities or projects. Finally, we demonstrated that click data may be an inappropriate proxy for donations and recommend that managers use careful experimental designs that can plausibly evaluate the effects of advertising on relevant outcomes.

This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, behavioral economics and decision analysis.

Funding: M. Adena acknowledges financial support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [Grants 417014946 and CRC TRR 190 (Project 280092119)].

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2020.00596 .
Nietzsche, Roquentin, and Suicide
Authors: v.d. Luft Eric
Published: July 2024

Abstract: Sartre's character Roquentin seeing his hand as a crab is analogous in some ways to Nietzsche dreaming a toad on his transparent hand. Examining both of these envisioned animals as metaphors reveals that each represents some sort of physical or psychological disease or pestilence, that each profoundly disturbs the status quo, and that each point in a different way toward suicide, but at the same time that each signifies or symbolizes a deepening of self-knowledge. Both Nietzsche and Roquentin rejected suicide, but for different reasons: the former because he wished to remain in control of his life by consciously accepting his fate, no matter how repulsive it might be; the latter because he was too apathetic and despondent to care whether he lived or died. The purpose of this article is to suggest why depressed, suicidal people might reject suicide.
Understanding the Phenomenon of Negative Myths
Authors: Szajcz Agnes
Published: July 2024

Abstract: This article delves into the exploration of negative myths, examining their prevalence in both ancient and modern times. I focus on the psychoanalytic understanding of collective and group narratives, particularly within the context of psychotherapy and psychoanalysis. Drawing from Levine's two-track model of psychoanalysis, this study investigates how negative myths function as containers for processing unrepresented unconscious content. Through case vignettes, the characteristics of negative myths are illuminated, revealing them as distorted and dysfunctional containers of psychic material. I argue that negative myths emerge in response to dread and fear, serving as reflections of societal anxieties.
A Human-Scale Set of Categories for the Historical Thesaurus of English
Authors: Dallachy Fraser
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT: The Historical Thesaurus of English ( HT ) categorizes the English vocabulary into meaning-based categories containing synonymous or near-synonymous lexical items. Its extensive hierarchical categorization scheme (c. 235,000 categories) is, however, unwieldy for new and more casual users. Additionally, it can be too fine-grained for implementation in natural language processing tools, leading them to produce over-specified results where humans recognize ambiguity. This article outlines the reasoning and methodology behind the creation of a truncated semantic hierarchy, known by the HT editors as the thematic category set. Development of the category set was guided by evaluation of which concepts are too technical or too general to be relevant to the average user, with cut-offs imposed on the hierarchy at an intermediate human-scale level. The result is a hybrid category set which combines organisation by synonymy at higher levels of abstraction, and organisation by something approaching a conceptual field at lower, less abstract levels.
Encoding Near-Synonym Relations in Monolingual English Learner's Dictionaries: The Case of Germanic and Latinate "Equivalents"
Authors: Franceschi Daniele
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT: This article examines the semantic relations between pairs of Germanic and Latinate near-synonyms in contemporary English, such as hug/embrace, isle/island , and brave/courageous , which dictionaries traditionally treat as equivalent in meaning, regardless of context-independent differences between them. These word pairs are challenging for learners of English as a Foreign Language, especially when their L1 is a Romance language. Monolingual English learner's dictionaries (MELDs) do not, in general, clearly or systematically disambiguate near-synonyms of different origin. An improvement in dictionary treatment of near-synonyms is thus called for. After outlining the main types and subtypes of meaning relations identified through the analysis of a sample of Germanic and Latinate word pairs, synonymy in the "Big Five" MELDs is examined. Proposals are then made to better encode synonym similarities and differences with cross-reference information in the form of tags, labels, and usage notes.
The Historical Dictionary of Science Fiction
Authors: Sheidlower Jesse
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT: The Historical Dictionary of Science Fiction ( HDSF ) is an online dictionary on historical principles dedicated to the vocabulary of English-language science fiction. Based on a project started at the Oxford English Dictionary , the HDSF contains approximately 1,500 entries and 12,000 quotations, many of which are linked to full views of their original publications or to bibliographic databases. It is regularly updated with new entries. This article describes the history of the project, the editorial decisions that inform it, the design of the dictionary, and the technical platform that runs it. It also discusses the future of the project, including the possibility of expanding it to cover related fields, such as video games or comics.
Precarious Tolerance: Jews on the Early Modern Habsburg Frontier
Authors: Olin Timothy
Published: July 2024

Abstract: As the Habsburgs expanded their territories throughout the eighteenth century, they gained control over a wide variety of ethno-religious groups. In an effort to secure the frontier, administrators favored some groups, like German-speaking colonists, while only "tolerating" others, like the Jews. The government had a dilemma when dealing with the Jews. On the one hand, they were seen as an alien population and possible threat to the economic well-being of the Habsburgs' other subjects. On the other hand, the authorities recognized the important economic place occupied by Jews on the frontier (and elsewhere). This led authorities to alternate between policies intended to exclude Jews from society and those intended to integrate them. As the eighteenth century progressed, policies focused on assimilation dominated, though official and unofficial perceptions of the Jews themselves remained largely negative. Thus, while Jews gained more rights and recognition of their important place on the frontier, they nevertheless remained tolerated rather than accepted into that society.
Change and Decline in London's Jewish East End: The Yiddish Sketches of Katie Brown
Authors: Lachs Vivi
Published: July 2024

Abstract: The British Yiddish writer Katie Brown wrote humorous stories and sketches for the London Yiddish newspapers Di post (The Post) in the 1930s and Di tsayt (The Times) in the 1940s. The stories, set in London's Jewish East End, concern the day-to-day effects of immigration, poverty, and Jewish culture in Britain. After the Second World War, in a bombed-out East End where Jewish migration to the suburbs was accelerating, Brown did not write entirely new sketches, but rather edited versions of her prewar stories. Looking at the earlier and later stories together, we get a sense of the changes happening to London's Jewish community: the decline of Jewish culture and religious practice, the changing relationship with the Eastern European homeland, and the decline of the Yiddish language. Through close reading and analysis, this article gives historical background to Brown and the social, cultural, and political context of her stories. It situates Brown as the only female journalist writing regularly for the press and identifies her unique perspective in making poignant interventions into Jewish debates of the day through stories of small incidents in family life. She raises questions around how to maintain a Jewish identity in England and visibility as a Jew in a Christian world, and traces change through two decades by describing the tension between the immigrant generation and their children. Using a range of neglected source material in Yiddish, this article throws new light on the Jewish East End in its twilight years.
DRL-based progressive recovery for quantum-key-distribution networks
Authors: Li Mengyao , Zhang Qiaolun , Gatto Alberto , Bregni Stefano , Verticale Giacomo , Tornatore Massimo
Published: July 2024

With progressive network recovery, operators restore network connectivity after massive failures along multiple stages, by identifying the optimal sequence of repair actions to maximize carried live traffic. Motivated by the initial deployments of quantum-key-distribution (QKD) over optical networks appearing in several locations worldwide, in this work we model and solve the progressive QKD network recovery (PQNR) problem in QKD networks to accelerate the recovery after failures. We formulate an integer linear programming (ILP) model to optimize the achievable accumulative key rates during recovery for four different QKD network architectures, considering different capabilities of using trusted relay and optical bypass. Due to the computational limitations of the ILP model, we propose a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithm based on a twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradients (TD3) framework to solve the PQNR problem for large-scale topologies. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithm approaches well compared to the optimal solution and outperforms several baseline algorithms. Moreover, using optical bypass jointly with trusted relay can improve the performance in terms of the key rate by 14% and 18% compared to the cases where only optical bypass and only trusted relay are applied, respectively.
Photophysics of a single quantum emitter based on vanadium phthalocyanine molecules
Authors: Escalante Richard A. , Mathpal Mohan C. , Ruiz-Tagle Catalina , Alvarado Vicente H. , Pinto Felipe , Martínez Luis J. , Gence Loïk , Garcia Griselda , González Iván A. , Maze Jerónimo R.
Published: July 2024

Single quantum emitters play a fundamental role in the development of quantum technologies such as quantum repeaters, and quantum information processing. Isolating individual molecules with stable optical emission is an essential step for these applications, especially for those molecules that present large coherence times at room temperature. Among them, vanadium-oxide phthalocyanine (VOPc) molecules stand out as promising candidates due to the large coherence times of their ground state electronic spin, which are on the order of microseconds when measured in the ensemble. However, the optical properties of such VOPc molecules at the single emitter level have not yet been reported. Here we show that single VOPc molecules with stable optical properties at room temperature can be isolated. We find that the optical response of the molecule under laser illumination of different polarizations agrees well with a system having pyramidal C4v symmetry. Furthermore, we provide theoretical calculations that support our experimental findings and provide insight into the role of phonons and the internal electronic structure of the molecule. These results demonstrate that this single paramagnetic molecule can function as a single quantum emitter while displaying optical stability under ambient conditions to have their intrinsic properties investigated.
Research on deep learning restoration algorithm of X-ray backscatter imaging based on virtual training dataset
Authors: Wang Shengyu , Ouyang Mingzhao , Fu Yuegang , Liu Xuan , Li Longhui , Zhang Yingjun , Yang Yuxiang , Ma Shizhang
Published: July 2024

The X-ray lobster eye lens, an innovative technique for focusing high-energy radiation, enables wide-field X-ray imaging. However, its inherent cross point spread function introduces noise and degradation into the resultant images. Conventional image restoration methods are inadequate for suppressing such noise. This paper introduces a backscatter image restoration technique utilizing a virtual training dataset. By convolving the point spread function (PSF) with an object to simulate the image degradation process, the method generates a multitude of convolved images for deep learning training, eliminating the need for manual annotation. Given the high structural similarity between the synthetic convolved images and actual backscatter images, the trained model effectively restores real backscatter images. The restoration process yields a structural similarity index (SSIM) of 0.86 and a mean intersection over union (MIoU) of 0.83 when compared to the reference images. This approach mitigates the limitations of sparse real backscatter datasets, substantially reducing image acquisition time, decreasing radiation flux, and enhancing system safety.
Nonlinear upconverted thermal emission through difference frequency generation
Authors: Ma Ruixin , Yan Hengzhe , Zhou Zhihao , Yu Yijia , Wan Wenjie
Published: July 2024

Thermal radiation management is of critical importance in energy, sensing, and heat transfer. According to Planck’s law, objects at room temperature predominantly emit thermal radiation within the mid- and far-infrared bands. Here, we demonstrated the upconversion of the mid- and far-infrared thermal radiation emitted by second-order nonlinear material to the easily-detectable visible band through a difference frequency process. This nonlinear broad-spectrum upconversion is facilitated by the random quasi-phase-matching technique in the nanoparticle system. Furthermore, we show the temperature measurement of thermal spots using such nonlinear thermal radiation. This scheme paves the way for applications in thermal management and sensing.
Utilizing quantitative phase microscopy to localize fluorescence in three dimensions via the transport of intensity equation
Authors: Gupta Deven K. , Highland Robert , Miller David A. , Wax Adam
Published: July 2024

We demonstrate the use of a novel, to the best of our knowledge, localization algorithm for digitally refocusing fluorescence images from a three-dimensional cell culture. Simultaneous phase and fluorescence intensity images are collected through a multimodal system that combines digital holography via quantitative phase microscopy (QPM) and fluorescence microscopy. Defocused fluorescence images are localized to a specific z-plane within the three-dimensional (3D) matrix using the transport of intensity equation (TIE) and depth-resolved information derived from the QPM measurements. This technique is applied to cells stained with different fluorescent tags suspended in 3D collagen hydrogel cultures. Experimental findings demonstrate the localization of defocused images, facilitating the analysis and comparison of cells within the hydrogel matrix. This method holds promise for comprehensive cellular imaging of fluorescence labeling in three-dimensional environments, enabling detailed investigations into cellular behavior and interactions.
Fano-resonant mechanism of terajet formation using graphene-covered high index mesoscale spheres
Authors: Paddubskaya Alesia , Novitsky Andrey , Minin Oleg , Minin Igor
Published: July 2024

Photonic jet in terahertz (THz) frequency range (terajet) plays important role in modern THz scanning systems to achieve a superresolution beyond the diffraction limit. Based on analytical simulations, we introduce synergetic effect of a mesoscale dielectric sphere and graphene to improve focusing properties of the particle. We show that a graphene-covered dielectric sphere is able to enhance the field behind it, if refractive index is high. This conflicts with a generally accepted statement that a jet is generated only for low-index dielectrics with n<2. We demonstrate tunability of the terajet characteristics with respect to the graphene Fermi energy and discover a Fano resonance causing the field increase. This design leverages the tuning properties of the graphene allowing dynamic control over the power and size of the generated terajet in real-time. With high-index materials we get the opportunity for integration of the terajet-assisted imaging with semiconductor technology.
Development of an all-in-one real-time PCR assay for simultaneous detection of spotted fever group rickettsiae, severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus and hantaan virus prevalent in central China
Authors: Wang Cuixiang , Chen Liangjun , Li Xingrong , Gu Jihong , Xiang Yating , Fang Liang , Chen Lili , Li Yirong
Published: July 2024

Central China has been reported to be one of the most important endemic areas of zoonotic infection by spotted fever group rickettsiae (SFGR), severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) and hantaan virus (HTNV). Due to similar clinical symptoms, it is challenging to make a definite diagnosis rapidly and accurately in the absence of microbiological tests. In the present study, an all-in-one real-time PCR assay was developed for the simultaneous detection of nucleic acids from SFGR, SFTSV and HTNV. Three linear standard curves for determining SFGR-ompA, SFTSV-L and HTNV-L were obtained within the range of 101−106 copies/μL, with the PCR amplification efficiencies ranging from 93.46% to 96.88% and the regression coefficients R2 of >0.99. The detection limit was 1.108 copies/μL for SFGR-ompA, 1.075 copies/μL for SFTSV-L and 1.006 copies/μL for HTNV-L, respectively. Both the within-run and within-laboratory coefficients of variation on the cycle threshold (Ct) values were within the range of 0.53%-2.15%. It was also found there was no statistical difference in the Ct values between single template and multiple templates (PSFGR-ompA = 0.186, PSFTSV-L = 0.612, PHTNV-L = 0.298). The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value were all 100% for determining SFGR-ompA and SFTSV-L, 97%, 100%, 100% and 99.6% for HTNV-L, respectively. Therefore, the all-in-one real-time PCR assay appears to be a reliable, sensitive, rapid, high-throughput and low cost-effective method to diagnose the zoonotic infection by SFGR, SFTSV and HTNV.
Community Involvement in Onchocerciasis Post-elimination Surveillance in Bududa District, Eastern Uganda: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Khainza Annet Tabitha , Soita David , Okia David , Okello Francis , Matovu Joseph KB , Lubaale Yovani , Byamukama Edson , Okibure Ambrose , Alunyo Jimmy Patrick , Nantale Ritah , Wanume Benon , Ogutu David , Mukunya David , Olupot-Olupot Peter
Published: July 2024

Background

Globally, there are an estimated 20.9 million cases of onchocerciasis, with Africa bearing the greatest burden. The World Health Organization (WHO) has targeted the disease for elimination by 2030. As of August 2023, there were 15 foci in 37/48 (76%) districts and one city in Uganda that had reached the elimination phase. However, there is a paucity of data on community involvement in post-elimination surveillance (PES) activities. The communities in the post-elimination phase are expected to maintain surveillance, provide health education, refer cases for treatment, and participate in surveillance. However, it is not clear whether this is being done. In this study, we assessed the feasibility of community involvement in post-elimination surveillance activities in Bududa District, Eastern Uganda, to draw key generalisable lessons for similar settings.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study employing rigorous mixed methods of data collection. We used a semi-structured questionnaire to collect quantitative data on randomly sampled study participants in two sub-countries in the district. Community involvement in post-elimination surveillance (PES) was our dependent variable, measured using Yes or No questions, and our independent variables were measured on different scales. Computations of proportions and associations were done using Stata 15 software. Conversely, qualitative data were collected via focus group discussions (FGDs) for community participants and key informant interviews (KIIs) for local leaders. For the qualitative component, we had 2 FGDs, each consisting of 8 gender-balanced participants per group and 8 KIIs. Qualitative data analyses were done using a robust thematic framework approach, ensuring the reliability and validity of our findings.

Results

A total of 422 participants with a mean age of 51.4 years (SD = 15.8) participated in the study. Community involvement in post-elimination surveillance was low (14%). Factors associated with involvements were district support [Adjusted odd ratio AOR 14, 95 CI = (2.5, 81.7)], seeing black flies in the environment in a week preceding the survey [AOR 8, 95% CI = (1.5, 42.5)], in one month [AOR 3.8, 95% CI = (1.1, 13.2)], and being a community volunteer in the Ivermectin treatment program [AOR 4.3, 95% CI = (1.03, 17.9)]. Lack of funding, poor motivation, poor program sustainability planning, and a lack of drugs at health facilities were key challenges affecting community involvement in post-elimination surveillance.

Conclusion

Community involvement in onchocerciasis post-elimination surveillance activities in Bududa District in Eastern Uganda was low but could be improved by increased district support, funding, community motivation and sensitisation.
Existence and uniqueness of neutral functional differential equations with sequential fractional operators
Authors: Debbar Rabah , Boulares Hamid , Moumen Abdelkader , Alraqad Tariq , Saber Hicham
Published: July 2024

In this research paper, we investigate the existence and uniqueness of solutions for neutral functional differential equations with sequential fractional orders, specifically involving the G-Caputo operator. To obtain the desired results, we employ the Banach fixed point theorem (BFPT), a nonlinear variation of the Leray-Schauder fixed point theorem (SFPT), and the Krasnoselski fixed point theorem (KFPT). Additionally, we provide illustrative examples that demonstrate the key findings. Furthermore, we address a scenario where an initial value integral condition is considered.
Image inpainting algorithm based on double curvature-driven diffusion model with P-Laplace operator
Authors: Xiao Lifang , Wu Jianhao
Published: July 2024

The method of partial differential equations for image inpainting achieves better repair results and is economically feasible with fast repair time. Addresses the inability of Curvature-Driven Diffusion (CDD) models to repair complex textures or edges when the input image is affected by severe noise or distortion, resulting in discontinuous repair features, blurred detail textures, and an inability to deal with the consistency of global image content, In this paper, we have the CDD model of P-Laplace operator term to image inpainting. In this method, the P-Laplace operator is firstly introduced into the diffusion term of CDD model to regulate the diffusion speed; then the improved CDD model is discretized, and the known information around the broken region is divided into two weighted average iterations to get the inpainting image; finally, the final inpainting image is obtained by weighted averaging the two image inpainting images according to the distancing. Experiments show that the model restoration results in this paper are more rational in terms of texture structure and outperform other models in terms of visualization and objective data. Comparing the inpainting images with 150, 1000 and 100 iterations respectively, Total Variation(TV) model and the CDD model inpainting algorithm always has inpainting traces in details, and TV model can’t meet the visual connectivity, but the algorithm in this paper can remove the inpainting traces well, TV model and the CDD model inpainting algorithm always have inpainting traces in details, and TV model can’t meet the visual connectivity, but the algorithm in this paper can remove the inpainting traces well. Of the images used for testing, the highest PSNR reached 38.7982, SSIM reached 0.9407, and FSIM reached 0.9781, the algorithm not only inpainting the effect and, but also has fewer iterations.
Evaluation of MCL-1 as a prognostic factor in canine mammary gland tumors
Authors: Cho Jaeho , Chung Heaji , Lee Sungin , Kim Wan Hee
Published: July 2024

Myeloid cell leukemia-1 (MCL-1), which belongs to the anti-apoptotic B cell lymphoma-2 family protein, is overexpressed in various cancers and is associated with cell immortality, malignant transformation, chemoresistance, and poor prognosis in humans. However, the significance of MCL-1 in canine mammary gland tumors (MGTs) remains unknown. This study aimed to examine MCL-1 expression in normal canine mammary glands and tumors and to assess its correlation with clinical and histologic variables. In total, 111 samples were examined, including 12 normal mammary gland tissues, 51 benign MGTs, and 48 malignant MGTs. Immunohistochemistry revealed that 53% of benign tumors and 75% of malignant tumors exhibited high MCL-1 expression, whereas only 8% of normal mammary glands exhibited high MCL-1 expression. High MCL-1 expression correlated with tumor malignancy (p < 0.001), large tumor size (> 3 cm) (p = 0.005), high Ki-67 expression (p = 0.046), and metastasis (p = 0.027). Survival curve analysis of dogs with malignant MGTs demonstrated a significant association between high MCL-1 expression and shorter median overall survival (p = 0.027) and progression-free survival (p = 0.014). Our study identified MCL-1 as a prognostic factor and potential therapeutic target in canine MGTs.
Impact of mutations in the mtrR, rpdlVD and rrl genes on azithromycin resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Authors: Mauffrey Florian , Poncet Fabrice , Jacot Damien , Greub Gilbert , Nordmann Patrice , Blanc Dominique S.
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) pose a major public health problem. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae represents a serious threat to successful treatment and epidemiological control. The first extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains (ceftriaxone-resistant and high-level azithromycin-resistant [HLR AZY]) have been reported.

Aims

To identify molecular mechanisms implicated in azithromycin resistance in strains isolated from patients over a three-year period in a university hospital in Switzerland.

Material and methods

From January 2020 to December 2022, 34 isolates (one per patient) were recovered from samples analyzed at the University Hospital of Lausanne. Eight genes involved in azithromycin resistance were sequenced: mtrR repressor (mtrCDE operon repressor) and his promotor mtrR-pr, rplD gene (L4 ribosomal protein), rplV gene (L22 ribosomal protein) and the four alleles of the rrl gene (23S rRNA).

Results

With a cutoff value of 1 mg/L, 15 isolates were considered as being resistant to azithromycin, whereas the remaining 19 were susceptible. The C2597T mutation in 3 or 4 of the rrl allele confer a medium-level resistance to azithromycin (MIC = 16 mg/L, N = 2). The following mutations were significantly associated with MIC values ≥1 mg/L: the three mutations V125A, A147G, R157Q in the rplD gene (N = 10) and a substitution A->C in the mtrR promotor (N = 9). Specific mutations in the mtrR repressor and its promotor were observed in both susceptible and resistant isolates.

Conclusions

Resistance to azithromycin was explained by the presence of mutations in many different copies of 23S RNA ribosomal genes and their regulatory genes. Other mutations, previously reported to be associated with azithromycin resistance, were documented in both susceptible and resistant isolates, suggesting they play little role, if any, in azithromycin resistance.
Pre-existing autoimmune disease as a risk factor for immune-related adverse events in cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Sumimoto Hidetoshi , Noda Satoshi , Koide Hiroyoshi , Douke Yutaro , Sakai Kosuke , Nishikawa Akihito , Tomioka Azumi , Hori Maki , Nakato Hiromi , Kimura Yuri , Tokuda Aya , Takano Atsushi , Teramoto Koji , Murata Satoshi , Daigo Yataro
Published: July 2024

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been widely used as standard therapies for various cancers. However, in 20–30% of cases, ICIs can lead to immune-related adverse events (irAEs), which sometimes require discontinuation of treatment. Due to the increased risk of irAEs, patients with pre-existing autoimmune diseases (AI) are often advised against receiving ICIs. However, there has not been sufficient objective risk assessment for AI. In our study, we conducted logistic regression analysis to assess the risk of irAEs by analyzing 478 cases that received anti-PD-(L)1 Ab and/or anti-CTLA4 Ab at our hospital between April 3, 2017, and May 24, 2022. Among these cases, 28 (5.9%) had pre-existing AI. We selected several independent factors for analysis: gender, age, performance status (PS), cancer type, type of ICI, type of combined anti-cancer agents, best overall response, and pre-existing AI. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) of AI for irAE occurrence was 2.52 [95% CI: 1.08–5.86] (p = 0.033), and the adjusted OR of AI for ICI discontinuation due to irAE was 3.32 [1.41–7.78] (p = 0.006). Patients with pre-existing AI experienced a significantly shorter irAE-free survival time compared to those without AI (median irAE-free survival: 5.7 months [95% CI: 3.5–7.8] vs 10.4 months [95% CI: 7.9–12.9], respectively, p = 0.035). Frequently observed irAEs in full ICI cohort, such as dermatologic issues (7.5%), pneumonitis (7.1%), hepatitis (4.6%), and hypothyroidism (4.2%), were often accompanied by pre-existing AI. Furthermore, pre-existing AI flared up in 6 cases (37.5% in AI-positive irAE-positive cases). The activity of AI was not related to the occurrence of irAEs. Grade 3 or higher irAEs were observed in 6 out of 20 (30.0%) cases in AI-accompanied patients complicated with irAEs. Although having a complicated AI increases the risk of irAEs, it may not necessarily be a contraindication for ICI treatment if closely monitored. (292<300 characters).
Chinese herbal compound preparation Qing-Xin-Jie-Yu granules for intermediate coronary lesions in patients with stable coronary artery disease: Study protocol for a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Chen Luying , Dai Lulu , Xu Jiawei , Duan Lian , Hou Xiaoxia , Zhang Lu , Song Libo , Zhao Fangfang , Jiang Yuerong
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Despite the available secondary preventive treatments, the management of stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) remains challenging. Intermediate coronary lesion (ICL), defined as luminal stenosis between 50% and 70%, is a key stage of SCAD. However, existing therapeutic strategies are limitated in delaying plaque progression and associated with various adverse effects and economic burdens. Qing-Xin-Jie-Yu Granules (QXJYG) with proven anti-platelet, anti-inflammatory, and lipid-lowering effects may compensate for the drawbacks of current treatments and can be tested as a complementary therapy. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the efficacy and safety of QXJYG in treating ICL, with a particular focus on its impact on myocardial ischemia and plaque progression.

Materials and methods

This is a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. A total of 120 participants with ICL will be randomly assigned to two groups in a 1:1 ratio. In addition to basic medications, the intervention group will receive QXJYG, while the control group will receive a placebo for over 6 months, followed by a 12-month follow-up. The primary efficacy outcome is computed tomography-derived fractional flow reserve. The secondary outcomes include the degree of coronary stenosis, coronary artery calcification score, Gensini score, Seattle Angina Questionnaire score, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, matrix metalloproteinase-9, blood lipids, and carotid artery ultrasound parameters. Major adverse cardiovascular events are recorded as endpoints. The safety outcomes include composite events of bleeding, laboratory test results, and adverse events. Clinical visits are scheduled at baseline, every 2 months during the treatment, and after a 12-month follow-up.

Discussion

This trial is anticipated to yield reliable results to verify the efficacy and safety of QXJYG in the treatment of ICL, which will provide novel insights to help address the prevailing therapeutic dilemma of ICL, thereby facilitating for the management of SCAD.

Trial registration

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2200059262. Registered on April 27, 2022.