bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zagospodarowanie terenów zagrożonych powodziami w Uniejowie
Authors: Borowska-Stefańska Marta
Published: June 2022

W artykule zaprezentowano ocenę zagospodarowania terenów zagrożonych powodziami w Uniejowie, odnośnie do potencjalnych negatywnych konsekwencji dla środowiska przyrodniczego, dziedzictwa kulturowego, działalności gospodarczej i ludzi. Badaniu pod względem zagospodarowania podlegał obszar szczególnego zagrożenia powodziami w Uniejowie. Zagospodarowanie przeanalizowano przy wykorzystaniu Topograficznej Bazy Danych oraz inwentaryzacji terenowej. Następnie za pomocą narzędzi GIS przedstawiono zarówno zagospodarowanie, jak i jego ocenę. Z oceną zagospodarowania obszarów szczególnego zagrożenia powodziami związane jest pojęcie ryzyka powodziowego, które oznacza kombinację prawdopodobieństwa wystąpienia powodzi i związanych z nią potencjalnych negatywnych konsekwencji dla zdrowia ludzkiego, środowiska, dziedzictwa kulturowego oraz działalności gospodarczej. Do oceny ryzyka powodziowego posłużyła metoda bonitacji punktowej, gdzie polem oceny był heksagon.
Pozarolnicza działalność gospodarcza w gminie Uniejów
Authors: Kowalski Michał
Published: June 2022

Przedmiotem niniejszego artykułu jest struktura i potencjał gospodarczy pozarolniczej działalności w gminie Uniejów. Struktura gospodarcza została zaprezentowana w ujęciu przestrzennym w relacji miasto–wieś oraz gmina Uniejów–małe miasta regionu. W opracowaniu ukazany zostanie lokalny krajobraz gospodarczy i zachodzące w nim relacje. Analizę przeprowadzono przy wykorzystaniu lokalnej historii gospodarczej, oficjalnych danych statystycznych dotyczących liczby przedsiębiorstw prowadzących działalność w 18 sekcjach gospodarczych oraz podatków przez nich płaconych. W efekcie ustalono, że pozarolnicza działalność gospodarcza w gminie Uniejów w ostatnich latach ogniskuje się wokół funkcji usługowych (głównie rekreacyjno-wypoczynkowych), co zwiększa lokalny potencjał gospodarczy (wzrasta on szybciej niż w innych miastach położonych, podobnie jak Uniejów, na peryferiach regionalnej sieci osadniczej). Rozwój gospodarczy obszarów wiejskich prowadzi do stopniowego zacierania się różnic w poziomie rozwoju pozarolniczej działalności gospodarczej pomiędzy miastem a wsią.
Atrakcyjność kompleksu termalno-basenowego „Termy Uniejów” w opinii turystów i mieszkańców Uniejowa
Authors: Jaśkiewicz Anna
Published: June 2022

W artykule zaprezentowano opinie mieszkańców Uniejowa oraz turystów, którzy co najmniej raz skorzystali z usług kompleksu termalno-basenowego „Termy Uniejów”, na temat jego atrakcyjności. W tym celu przeprowadzono wywiad kwestionariuszowy z przedstawicielami obu grup. Respondentów wybrano metodą doboru celowego, by móc uzyskać jak najbardziej zróżnicowaną grupę. Wywiad kwestionariuszowy uzupełniony badaniami terenowymi, opierającymi się na analizie tablic rejestracyjnych pojazdów zaparkowanych przed obiektem, umożliwił ukazanie zasięgu przestrzennego gości. Badania potwierdziły przypuszczenia autorki, której zdaniem powstanie obiektu znacząco wpłynęło na poprawę wizerunku gminy i zyskało uznanie zarówno wśród miejscowej ludności jak i odwiedzających turystów. Respondenci nie okazali się jednak bezkrytyczni w stosunku do obiektu i wskazali również na jego negatywne cechy. Niewątpliwie największy problem dla osób korzystających z obiektu stanowiły zbyt wysokie ceny biletów oraz bardzo długie kolejki przed obiektem, zwłaszcza w sezonie letnim.
Lista uczniów Państwowej Preparandy Nauczycielskiej w Uniejowie z roku szkolnego 1925/1926
Authors: Czyżewski Bartłomiej
Published: June 2022

Autor tekstu, na podstawie Polskiej Deklaracji o Podziwie i Przyjaźni dla Stanów Zjednoczonych, uzupełnia listę i podpisy 56 uczniów Państwowej Preparandy Nauczycielskiej w Uniejowie z roku szkolnego 1925/1926.
Biodiversidad y áreas naturales protegidas en la Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental: avances y temas pendientes
Authors: Aldana Durán Martha Inés
Published: June 2022

Se aborda el análisis de la biodiversidad en los procedimientos de Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental (EIA), con especial énfasis en su aplicación en el ámbito de las Áreas Naturales Protegidas (ANP). Además, se presentan los estándares internacionales aplicables sobre la materia y se revisa la normativa nacional peruana aplicable al respecto. Luego se realiza una muestra de informes de evaluación de estudios ambientales elaborados por el Servicio Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas (SERNANP), autoridad rectora en materia de ANP, a efectos de identificar las necesidades de regulación existentes en esta materia con miras a proponer el desarrollo de criterios objetivos requeridos.
El impacto de la actividad extractiva de hidrocarburos en la pesca artesanal
Authors: Villalobos Porras Eduardo Martin , Sánchez Canales Martín
Published: June 2022

El presente artículo hace un repaso sobre la industria extractiva de hidrocarburos costa afuera y su impacto en las poblaciones afectadas en la costa norte del Perú, y cómo estas industrias ponen énfasis en algunos temas relacionados con las regulaciones ambientales, así como en el desarrollo de las operaciones de las empresas petroleras, y las estrategias corporativas en el manejo de los impactos negativos y positivos que pueden originar en las actividades productivas y en las expectativas de las poblaciones y sociedad civil relacionadas con la actividad de pesca artesanal. A partir de esta revisión se plantean algunas ideas, que quedarán en materia de discusión o aportes, vinculadas al concepto de desarrollo sostenible, que permitan repensar cómo interactúan estas actividades económicas incorporando el concepto de economía circular; y si es posible la confluencia pacífica entre las actividades extractivas de la industria del petróleo en costa afuera (offshore) con las actividades de aprovechamiento de los recursos marinos.
Género en la Amazonía y servicios geoespaciales
Authors: Irigoyen Alvizuri Marina Del Rosario
Published: June 2022

Reseña del libro Género en la Amazonía. Potencial de los sistemas geoespaciales para enfrentar las inequidades de género. Un estudio en el marco del Programa SERVIR-Amazonia. Twyman, J. & Acosta, M. (2022). Tras una mirada panorámica al estado de situación de las relaciones de género en la Amazonia, el estudio presenta las limitadas experiencias que impulsan los servicios geoespaciales con una mirada de género. Concluye brindando recomendaciones acerca de cómo promoverlo.
The Complexity of Sex-Based Cancer Screenings for Veterans with Gender-Related Diagnoses in VA Care
Authors: Warren Allison R. , Brandt Cynthia , Bastian Lori A. , Zeng Qing , Black Anne , Goulet Joseph L.
Published: June 2022

The Veterans Health Administration (VA) is one of the largest providers of care to transgender people in the US and the VA’s national electronic health record (EHR) can help providers identify need for cancer screens. However because current functionality in the EHR allows but does not document overwriting sex of record to reflect self-identified gender identity, sex-specific warranted care cannot be determined. To illustrate this problem, we explored rates of cervical and prostate cancer screenings by sex of record for veterans in VA care with and without gender-related diagnoses. Between 2009 and 2019, 8,454 veterans with at least one gender-related diagnostic code were matched 1:2 on age, race, ethnicity, and VA facility to veterans without these codes (N = 16,901). Among veterans with a gender-related diagnosis, rates of cervical cancer screening for those with a sex of record as female were substantially lower than sex-of-record female veterans without a gender-related diagnosis. Veterans with sex-of-record as male were substantially more likely to have received a cervical cancer screening than sex-of-record male veterans without a gender-related diagnosis. Rates of PSA testing among Veterans with a gender-related diagnosis were higher than among veterans without a gender-related diagnosis, regardless of sex of record. Observed differences in rates reflect the disconnect that results between EHR-documented sex-of-record and sex-specific care when original sex of record is overwritten. Implications include the need to utilize an organ inventory and create a new variable in EHR reflecting self-identified gender.
Evaluation de l’Etat de la Gestion des Excrétas dans la Ville de Bukavu en République Démocratique du Congo : Cas de la Commune de Kadutu
Authors: Isidore Ilombe Musombwa , Adrien Byalungwe Muhindo , Franck Ludunge Chomari , Alain Akonkwa Mushagalusa , Bienvenu-Gilbert Nzungu Nzungu Yumbi , Jaskson Mushagalusa Kidumbi , Marc Nyamugabo Ntavuna , Jean De Dieu Mangambu Mokoso
Published: June 2022

Cette étude a pour objet d’évaluer la problématique de la mauvaise gestion des excrétas et ses risques environnementaux dans la Ville de Bukavu, précisément en Commune de Kadutu. L’objectif de cette étude est d’évaluer les causes de la mauvaise gestion des excrétas de la municipalité Kadutu et de proposer des recommandations pour une gestion saine des excrétas La méthodologie utilisée porte sur trois techniques sur le terrain : l’observation directe, l’analyse documentaire et les enquêtes (focus groupe et interview semi-structurés).  L’étude a abouti aux résultats selon lesquels la faible implication des autorités étatiques, les constructions anarchiques, la non-implication des agents d’assainissement, l’incivisme de la population constituent les causes de la mauvaise gestion des excrétas dans la Commune de Kadutu. La majorité des habitations construites le long de la rivière « Kahuwa » n’a pas des fosses septiques, leurs toilettes se vident directement dans cette rivière. Cela a comme conséquences, des odeurs répugnantes dans tous les coins de ladite municipalité. Ces effets sont visibles peuvent engendrer des conséquences néfastes sur la santé de la population et sur l’environnement.

 

This study focuses on assessing the problem of poor excreta management and its environmental risks in the City of Bukavu, specifically in Kadutu Commune. The objective of this study is to assess the causes of poor excreta management in the municipality of Kadutu and to propose recommendations for sound excreta management. The methodology used is based on three field techniques, namely: direct observation, documentary analysis, and surveys (focus group and semi-structured interviews). The study concluded that the poor involvement of state authorities, anarchic construction, the non-involvement of sanitation agents, and the incivism of the population are the causes of poor excreta management in the Commune of Kadutu. The majority of the houses built along the river "Kahuwa" do not have septic tanks and their toilets are emptied directly into this river. This results in disgusting odors in every corner of the said municipality. These effects are visible and can have negative consequences on the health of the population and the environment.
Public Policies and Sustainability of Industrial Growth in Pakistan
Authors: Tagar Hamzo Khan , Ali Shah Syed Roshan , Shoro Iram , Jalbani Muhammad Saleem
Published: June 2022

The paper evaluates the effectiveness of public policies on the growth and development of the industries sector of Pakistan. Based on the supporting arguments, it historically reviews the performance of the industrial sector during the last seven decades (from 1951 to 2020), pointing out the flaws in the formulation and implementation of public policies. The components of the industrial structure are required to identify the major obstacles hampering the growth and sustainability of this sector. The components like; industrial power supply, credit facility, technical and vocational education to industrial workers, flexible taxation system, and basic infrastructure facilities are given emphasis here and are thought to be of more importance in the rapid industrial progress in the country. Likewise, the security issue and law and order situation is also of greater importance in giving protection to physical as well as human resources in the overall industrial structure. The paper also suggests coherent sustainable policy recommendations as a way forward for the sustainable industrial growth of Pakistan in the larger public interest.
New Technologies of Internet Employment: Reducing Costs With an Economic Value Model
Authors: Yami Shirin
Published: June 2022

This paper focuses on examining the effect of applying the classical model of the economic value of the order on the employment activities of human resources in an organization. Initially, based on the classical model, the economic value of the order is modeled and the value of unique costs of employment activities such as human resource management and related coordination is obtained. Thereafter, the status in the two cases before and after the implementation of this technology is compared and this situation is analyzed by providing a numerical example. The optimal costs of investment are increasing rapidly. On the other hand, the development of efficient technologies in the employment system has caused the total number of employees to be hired to always be higher than the minimum required level set in this model. Investment in this area has declined. The result shows that with the implementation of this technology, due to the reduction of existing costs, on the one hand, the economic value of order decreases and on the other hand increases the total optimal profit.
Online Shopping: A Survey on Consumer Buying Behavior in Bangladesh
Authors: Ahmed Sraboni , Munir Mohammad Shayekh , Islam Tamjida
Published: June 2022

Consumer attitudes and behavior have shifted dramatically all across the world as a result of the internet. Online shopping has emerged as a result of this trend, and it has had a significant impact on the lives of regular young people. Even though online purchases have been around in Bangladesh for a long time, consumers, particularly senior individuals, are not very interested in doing so. A self-constructed online survey of 150 Bangladeshi respondents was used in this study to try to understand customer behavior regarding online buying. According to the report, the vast majority of customers order online and thus save time and access a wider range of services and products. Males, as well as females, have roughly similar attitudes on online shopping: they prefer home delivery and oppose inadequate return policies. Typically, they gather online shopping information via social media and cash-on-delivery is a popular method of purchasing apparel and accessories. Consumers are particularly concerned about the safety of the payment system, and they are not interested in using credit or debit cards to shop. This study also revealed that consumers' favorable experiences with online shopping are uneven.
Developing EFL Learners’ Pragmatic Competence through a Blended Learning Model: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Bouftira Mohamed , El Messaoudi Mohammed , Li Shuai
Published: June 2022

In the era of globalization, EFL (English as a Foreign Language) teachers have nominated to weld EFL instruction and aspects of intercultural competence together.  Howbeit, the literature on the topic promulgates that procuring pragmatic competence remains a high-priority quest for EFL learners worldwide. This paper delineates the use of a blended learning model to teach pragmatic competence in an EFL context. This quasi-experimental study sought to probe into the potential of a blended learning model on participants’ levels of pragmatic competence. 62 students from a junior high school participated in the study. 32 participants belonged to the control group and 30 participants belonged to the experimental group. The main findings demonstrated that the three-week blended learning model resulted in a statistically significant impact on participants’ levels of pragmatic competence; that is, the experimental group participants (M=16.40; SD=2.54) remarkably outperformed the control group participants (M=11.87; SD=3.49) on the posttest. This implies that foreign language teachers are highly encouraged to attach much importance to amalgamating classroom teaching and the use of interactive websites (blended learning) as a way to develop the pragmatic competence of language learners.
The Violation of Human Rights in Latin America Derived from the Covid-19 Pandemic Administration
Authors: Furfaro Ricardo
Published: June 2022

There is no doubt at this stage of the solid evolving global relevance of universal human rights in a complex global scenario like everyone faces today. The COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns have produced, and are still causing, an overwhelmingly negative impact on the standard citizens’ lives. As drastic as it is, such affirmation is sustained in the serious deterioration in a considerable number of democracies around the world, but especially reflected in Latin America, a region of six hundred (600) million inhabitants (Werthein & Abrantes, 2021). This research aims to assess the scope of the violation of individuals’ basic human rights caused by the COVID-19 pandemic administration in Latin American countries. Unreasonably extended lockdowns and other misleading and inappropriate measures implemented by different Latin American administrations have had unsurmountable and dramatic consequences for the region's inhabitants. Many Latin American governments have inadvertently put in place two (2) excluding options for their populations affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. It had to be either healthcare and fight against COVID-19, on the one side, or economic sustainability, on the other, but not the two (2) simultaneously.  Losses of thousands of lives, economic devastation, thousands of business shutdowns, millions of job losses, and educational catastrophes have all affected essential freedoms and individuals’ basic universal human rights recognized by modern constitutions, including those in Latin America.  As discussed, these are the resulting consequences of governments’ failure to build up necessary resources, be readily prepared to face catastrophes of this sort, and act with integrity and transparency in managing public funds. Both quantitative (i.e.numbers and statistics) and qualitative (i.e., secondary data) methodologies have been used to arrive at very relevant conclusions. Sustainable results of this research reflect how mismanagement of the pandemic, including corruption practices by certain Latin American governments, has led to catastrophic consequences in healthcare and the economic field.
Increasing Frequency of Parkinsonian Syndrome as a Reason for Admission to the Neurology Department of Befelatanana University Teaching Hospital, Madagascar
Authors: Rasaholiarison Nomena Finiavana , Glorien Lemahafaka Jemissair , Andriamasinavalona Rajaonarison Lala , Ratsimandresy Manambina , Larissa Rakotomanana Jenny , Djacoba Tehindrazanarivelo Alain
Published: June 2022

The number of parkinsonian syndrome patients in Africa is increasing. This study evaluated the increasing number of parkinsonian syndrome (PS) patients admitted to a hospital in Madagascar. A comparison was carried out between parkinsonism syndrome plus (PS+) and idiopathic Parkinson's Disease (PD) cases. Retrospectively, case records of patients with parkinsonism was reviewed between 2009 and 2018 in the Neurology Department of Befelatanana University Teaching Hospital, Antananarivo. Out of the 7343 patients seen in the unit over this period, 157 patients with PS were retained. It was found that PS frequency has increased significantly as a reason for admission since 2013. PS as a reason for admission rose from 0.64 % in 2009 to 29.30 % in 2018. The median age of diagnosis of PS was 60.75 years ± 10.66. The mean age of disease onset was 57.95 years ± 10.99, with a mean diagnosis delay of 3.19 years and a sex ratio of 1.275. Among those with PS, 112 (71.33%) had PD and and 45 (28.66%) had other parkinsonian syndromes. It was also found that patients with PD had a longer diagnosis delay (p = 0.039), a higher Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) scores (p = 0.035), and they were more dopa-sensitive (p = 0.007) than those with other parkinsonian syndromes. In the facility in Madagascar, the number of referrals for PS and PD has increased over time and they have the same features as parkinsonian syndromes in other African countries.
Etude Floristique Et Structurale D’une Forêt Mixte À l’Ile M’bamou, République Du Congo
Authors: Ayessa Leckoundzou , Koubouana Félix , Ndzai Saint Fédriche , Mbete Pierre , Foly Mpela Guy , Mikoungui Gomo Mat-Sheridan , Mboukou Maximilien , Douh Chauvelin
Published: June 2022

La forêt joue un rôle important dans le maintien de l’équilibre global ainsi qu’à la protection de la biodiversité. Réalisée dans la forêt mixte de l’Ile M’bamou, cette étude vise à contribuer à une meilleure connaissance de la flore insulaire de ladite Ile. Quatre parcelles de 50 m de côté chacune soit 2500 m² (0,25 ha) sur une superficie totale de 10000 m² (1 ha) ont été installées. Au total, 223 individus de DHP≥ 10 cm ont été dénombrés avec 39 espèces, 37 genres et 21 familles. Les Ebenaceae (48,88 %) reste la famille dominante. Qualitativement, les Moraceae et Rubiaceae (12,82 %) sont les familles plus abondantes. L’Indice de Valeur d’Importance indique que Diospyros alboflavescens et Cleistopholis glauca sont les espèces les plus importantes. L’indice de Shannon varie de 1,41 à 2,38 et d’Equitabilité de 0,36 à 0,64. La densité à l’hectare varie de 164 à 312 arbres et les valeurs de la surface terrière varient de 13,92 à 17,69 m²/ha. La structure diamétrique présente une forme exponentielle décroissante. Cette étude montre que la forêt de l’Ile M’bamou présente une dégradation très accentuée.

The forest plays an important role in the maintenance of the global balance and in the protection of biodiversity. Carried out in the mixed forest of M'bamou Island, this study aims to contribute to a better knowledge of the island flora of the said Island. Four plots of 50 m each side, that is 2500 m² (0.25 ha) on a total area of 10000 m² (1 ha) were installed. In total, 223 individuals of DHP≥ 10 cm were counted with 39 species, 37 genera and 21 families. Ebenaceae (48.88%) remains the dominant family. Qualitatively, Moraceae and Rubiaceae (12.82%) are the more abundant families. The Importance Value Index indicates that Diospyros alboflavescens and Cleistopholis glauca are the most important species. The Shannon Index ranges from 1.41 to 2.38 and the Equitability Index from 0.36 to 0.64. The density per hectare varies from 164 to 312 trees and the basal area values vary from 13.92 to 17.69 m²/ha. The diameter structure shows a decreasing exponential shape. This study shows that the forest of Ile M'bamou presents a very accentuated degradation.
Fillings And Late Holocene Palaeoenvironments Of The Palustrine Depressions Of The Lopé National Park, Middle Ogooué Valley In Gabon
Authors: Nfoumou Obame Victory , Ondo Zue Abaga Norbert , M’voubou Makaya
Published: June 2022

This work is devoted to the study of fillings and late Holocene palaeoenvironments of two marshes located in the savannas of the northern part of Lopé National Park in Gabon. Sedimentological and geochemical analyzes associated with 14C dating were performed on the sedimentary deposits of Yao and Vitex marshes. The results obtained were compared with these of the sedimentary core of the Lopé 2 marsh, previously analysed. All of these data show that the active filling of these marshes was carried out synchronously. The small variation observed are linked to specific physical characters to each of the marshes. This filling began between 2300 and 2000 cal years BP in all of the marshes. It started at the beginning of the humid climatic phase which followed the climatic pejoration recognized throughout the area of Atlantic Central Africa between 2500 and 2000 years BP. During this humid climatic phase, the rains were abundant and regular and the depressions were filled with sediments which are very rich coarse detrital elements from the erosion of slopes. The marshes and its banks were covered with sparse vegetation. Subsequently the sediments gradually become depleted in coarse detrital materials and enriched with organic constituents. This evolution would indicate a gradual reduction in erosion linked to the densification of the vegetation cover on the slopes. It is mostly related to the development of vegetation in the marshy basins. This development of the vegetation and the conservation of the organic matter of the marshes are due to the perennial flooding of the palustrine depressions.
The effect of a dyslexia-specific Cyrillic font, LexiaD, on reading speed: further exploration in adolescents with and without dyslexia
Authors: Alexeeva Svetlana , Zubov Vladislav , Konina Alena
Published: June 2022

The current study aims to test the assumption that a specially designed Cyrillic font, LexiaD, can assist adolescents with persistent reading problems and facilitate their reading experience. LexiaD was compared with the widely used Arial font. Two groups of adolescents with dyslexia (N = 34) and without dyslexia (N = 28) silently read 144 sentences from the Russian Sentence Corpus (Laurinavichyute et al., 2019), some of which were presented in LexiaD, and others in Arial, while their eye movements were recorded. LexiaD did not show the desired effect for adolescents at the beginning of the experiment: Arial outperformed it in reading speed in both participant groups. By the end of the experiment, LexiaD outperformed Arial, and although the speed of the higher-level cognitive processing (e.g., lexical access) in both fonts did not differ significantly, the feature extraction was found to be better in LexiaD than in Arial. Thus, we found some positive effect of LexiaD when participants with and without dyslexia got accustomed to it. A follow-up study with an explicit exposure session is needed to confirm this conclusion.
ЛЕКСИЧКА И ДИСКУРСНА ОБИЉЕЖЈА ОБАВЈЕШТЕЊА О СМРТИ: УПОРЕДНА АНАЛИЗА
Authors: Радмиловић Јелена
Published: June 2022

У овом раду анализирају се лексичко-граматичке и дискурсне карактеристике једног типа читуља – обавјештења о смрти. Грађу за анализу су чинила oбавјештења о смрти с подручја Источне Херцеговине и Новог Сада, а преузета из штампаних издања листа Дневник (за Нови Сад) и с интернет-портала Е-смртовнице (за Источну Херцеговину). У централном дијелу рада врше се, како је речено, на посматраном материјалу двије врсте анализе: лексичко-граматичка и дискурсна. У првој ће бити ријечи о употреби лексема у уводној фрази, употреби глагола за обавјештавање, али и указивање на лексему којом се исказује сам чин смрти, као и о именицама којима се означава испраћај преминуле особе, док ће се у другој посматрати употреба говорних чинова у овом типу огласа, као и њихове језичке функције. Поред тога, анализирано је на који се начин пишу обавјештења о смрти када су у питању женске особе, односно на који начин се идентификују женске особе у њима. У завршном дијелу рада износимо закључке који су изведени на основу спроведене анализе.
Routine plain film of abdomen in asymptomatic patients with video capsule retention in small bowel-time to change practice?
Authors: O’Grady John , Bennett Siofra , Kaar Aidan , Nolan Lorraine , O’Neill Julie , Quinlivan Lucy , Buckley Martin
Published: June 2022

Aim: Small bowel capsule retention is rare, with a rate of approximately 2%, defined as visible retention on plain film of abdomen (PFA) after 14 days. Currently, PFA is performed if the capsule is not seen to reach the large bowel during recording. Alternatively, for upper gastrointestinal (UGI) capsule studies, the risk of retention is determined if the capsule fails to reach the small bowel during recording. Given the similar physical specifications of the capsules (Medtronic) used, we considered whether 14-day PFA is no longer required for small bowel capsules not observed in the large bowel.

Methods: The use of patency capsules in our lab allows careful selection of small bowel capsule studies to minimize the risk of retention. All PFAs performed over a five-year period were reviewed to determine if careful selection and use of patency negate the need for capsule retention PFA screening.

Results: In total, 688 small-bowel capsules were performed during the study period, and 3.6% had prior patency capsules. Thirty-one PFAs with a query of capsule retention were performed during the study period on 28 patients. This included 15 females, and the median age was 53.5 years. None of the films demonstrated capsule retention.

Conclusion: Our data suggest that 14-day PFA may no longer be required for small bowel capsules not seen to reach the large bowel. Advice regarding symptoms of capsule retention and precaution with magnetic resonance imaging, similar to current UGI capsule advice, may suffice. This may reduce the burden on radiology imaging slots and, in particular, eliminate unnecessary radiation exposure and repeat hospital attendance for patients.
Controversial issues of the Eneolithic of the Middle Volga, Kama and Trans-Urals (op.: Nikitin V.V. Between the Stone and Metal Periods. Middle Volga Variation of the Volosovo Cultural and Historical Community. Yoshkar-Ola, 2017. 765 p. ISBN 978-5-906949-18-9)
Authors: Vybornov A.A. , Stavitsky V.V.
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the controversial issues of studying the Eneolithic of the forest Volga Region, Prikamye, and Trans-Urals. The main results of the study of the early metal epoch of the Middle Volga Region, articulated in the monograph by V.V. Nikitin, are considered. The conclusions of the author of the mono-graph are based on a considerable source base. The materials were analyzed both by individual housing struc-tures and by complexes. A more scrupulous analysis is devoted to the pottery items, as a priority in distinguishing the Eneolithic cultures. Stone industries are more prone to the territorial specifics associated with raw material resources. The sections of the book allow researchers of the adjacent territories to envision the cultural specificity of the Middle Volga antiquities against the background of the Eneolithic cultures of the Volga-Kama region. The monograph proposes to distinguish a special Maidan Culture within the Volosovo historical and cultural commu-nity. The paper touches upon the aspect of the relationship between the cultural area and community. Peculiari-ties of the origins of the Early Eneolithic cultures in the Upper Volga region, Prikamye, and Trans-Urals are ob-served. Local and foreign components are taken into account. General and specific chronological boundaries of the appearance and development in different territories are identified, and their reasons are explained. Attention is drawn to the fact that the complexes preceding the Volosovо or Ayat structures belong to the Late Neolithic or Early Eneolithic. The processes of intercultural interaction between the Trans-Urals and Cis-Urals cultures are recorded both in the transition period from the Neolithic to the Eneolithic and in the later period. The significant influence of the bearers of the forest-steppe zone cultures on the northern neighbors is ascertained. A more mo-saic cultural diversity is recorded in the southern territories when compared with the cultures of the forest belt. The question of whether the Eneolithic inhabitants of this region practiced agriculture or stock rearing remains controversial. The least developed are the aspects related to both the social structure and the further fate of the tribes of the early metal epoch. Reconstructions of components of the spiritual culture of the Eneolithic population are highly hypothetical.
Technological characteristics of objects made of iron and iron-carbon alloys associated with the Yudino Culture (according to the metallographic data)
Authors: Zinyakov N.M. , Tret'iakov E.A.
Published: June 2022

Towards the beginning of the 2nd millennium CE, the population of Western Siberia had achieved significant progress in the production and processing of ferrous metals. This is especially well demonstrated by the com-plexes of the 10th–13th centuries in the Lower Irtysh River area (Western Siberia) and Lower Ob River area (Western Siberia) (archaeological sites of the Ust-Ishim and Nizhneobskaya Cultures), whose materials allowed tracing a unified tradition of metalworking among the representatives of these cultures. At the time, the adjacent territory of the Tobol River (Western Siberia) was occupied by population of the Yudino Culture, whose sites yielded many different-type products from ferrous metals. At the same time, the remains of metal production sites, which confirm the presence of this craft in the economy of the population of the Tobol River area in the 9th–13th centuries, were found on the settlements. In this paper, an attempt has been made to study the objects made of ferrous metals aiming at reconstruction of the technology of metal production among the representatives of the Yudino Culture. To solve this problem, we analyzed by means of structural metallography a selection of 26 items from the settlements of Papskoye, Krasnogorskoye, Barsuchye, Rafailovskoye, and Vak-Kur burial ground. The results of the analysis showed that the raw material base was represented by raw steel and bloomery iron, which was most likely produced by local metallurgists. The most common technology of metal processing was open forging of hot metal, during which the object was given a future shape. Most of the objects contain microstructures of sorbite and martensite, which may indicate the use of heat treatment techniques by the blacksmiths, particu-larly, of soft and hard quenching. In some cases, the masters used the stacked billet method to increase the weight of the product. Nevertheless, the materials show more complex technological schemes, for example, car-burization and three-layer welding. Objects made using this approach are characteristic of the territory of Northern Rus and can be considered as imports in the Tobol territory (Western Siberia). Cast iron products can also be regarded as imported, since the production of cast iron appeared in Western Siberia after the 16th century. Thus, the blacksmiths of the Yudino Culture mastered a wide range of metalworking techniques. However, there are technology-enabled objects typical of the urban centers of Eastern Europe and Central Asia in the medieval ar-chaeological sites of the Trans-Urals.
Methodological aspects of differentiation of hyperostosis frontalis interna based on computed tomography of the skulls
Authors: Buzhilova A.P. , Kolyasnikova A.S.
Published: June 2022

Hyperostosis frontalis interna (HFI) is a pathological condition characterized by bilateral thickening of the in-ner surface of the frontal bone. HFI is often an incidental finding during routine clinical examinations of patients by computed tomography. The etiology of the condition is currently unknown, but HFI commonly appears with a number of metabolic disorders and hormonal dysfunctions. According to studies, hyperostosis frontalis interna is more common in women than in men. Frequency of HFI is increasing in the modern population. In this study, 195 CT scans of mature individuals of various sex and ages were analyzed using the Amira 2020.1 software: 145 CT scans of skulls from from the collections of the Anuchin Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology, Moscow State University and 50 CT scans of Israeli Bedouins from the Institute's exchange collection (with the University of Tel-Aviv, Israel). Nine cases of hyperostosis frontalis interna (5 in males and 4 in females) were found among the analyzed scans. A three-step algorithm for identifying HFI was generated, as well as criteria for distinguishing hyperostosis frontalis interna from other endocranial bony overgrowths. The integrity of the skull, the condition of the frontal bone and other skull bones should be evaluated to exclude diffuse pathological changes which are morphologically close to HFI. Also a researcher should pay attention to the localization of the growths, their boundaries and prevalence. The condition of the diploe and endocranial plate of the frontal bone should be evaluated and compared it with other layers in other bones of the skull on 2D slices. Evaluation of the relief of the internal surface of the frontal bone should be performed on 2D slices in different sections. The patho-logy should be distinguished using data of localization, prevalence, involvement of other bone structures of the skull, as well as the condition of the diploe and inner surface of the frontal bone. The method can be useful for a comparative study using morphological and radiological criteria, which will help to exclude doubtful cases during analyzing pathology on paleoanthropological material.
Predicting COVID-19 Infections in Eswatini Using the Maximum Likelihood Estimation Method
Authors: Dlamini Sabelo Nick , Dlamini Wisdom Mdumiseni , Socé Fall Ibrahima
Published: June 2022

COVID-19 national spikes had been reported at varying temporal scales as a result of differences in the driving factors. Factors affecting case load and mortality rates have varied between countries and regions. We investigated the association between various socio-economic, demographic and health variables with the spread on COVID-19 cases in Eswatini using the maximum likelihood estimation method for count data. A generalized Poisson regression (GPR) model was fitted with the data comprising of fifteen covariates to predict COVID-19 risk in Eswatini. The results showed that variables that were key determinants in the spread of the disease were those that included the proportion of elderly above 55 years at 98% (95% CI: 97%-99%) and the proportion of youth below 35 years at 0.08% (95% CI: 0.017%-38%) with a pseudo R-square of 0.72. However, in the early phase of the virus when cases were fewer, results from the Poisson regression showed that household size, household density and poverty index were associated with COVID-19. We produced a risk map of predicted COVID-19 in Eswatini using the variables that were selected at 5% significance level. The map could be used by the country to plan and prioritize health interventions against COVID-19. The identified areas of high risk may be further investigated in order to find out the risk amplifiers and assess what could be done to prevent them.
The Association of Immediate-Use Steam Sterilization with the Incidence of Orthopaedic Surgical Site Infections
Authors: Tantillo Tyler J. , Stapleton Erik J. , Frane Nicholas , Gorlin Margaret , Schilling Mary Ellen , Armellino Donna , Katsigiorgis Gus , Bitterman Adam D.
Published: June 2022

Background:

Immediate-use steam sterilization (IUSS), formerly termed “flash” sterilization, has been historically used to sterilize surgical instruments in emergency situations. Strict guidelines deter its use, as IUSS has been theorized to increase the risk of surgical site infections (SSIs), leading to increased health-care costs and poor patient outcomes. We sought to examine the association between the use of IUSS and the rate of orthopaedic SSIs.

Methods:

The cases of 70,600 patients who underwent orthopaedic surgery—total knee or hip arthroplasty, laminectomy, or spinal fusion—from January 2014 to December 2020, were retrospectively reviewed for IUSS use. Of this group, 3,526 patients had had IUSS used during surgery. A propensity score-matched (PSM) analysis was conducted to account for known predictors of SSIs and included a total of 7,052 patients. The risk difference (RD), relative risk (RR), odds ratio (OR), and McNemar test compared the SSI risk for patients whose procedure had included the use of IUSS and those whose procedure had not included IUSS.

Results:

After propensity score matching, 111 (1.57%) of the 7,052 matched patients developed an SSI. Of the 111 patients, 61 (54.95%) were in the IUSS group and 50 (45.05%) were in the non-IUSS group. The estimated probability for developing an SSI was 1.42% for the patients in the non-IUSS group versus 1.73% for the patients in the IUSS group (RR = 0.82 [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 0.57 to 1.19], RD = –0.3% [95% CI: –0.9% to 0.27%]).There was no evidence that the proportion of SSI was greater in the IUSS group (McNemar test, p > 0.29).

Conclusions:

SSI rates were not significantly different between IUSS and non-IUSS patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery. Future prospective studies are warranted to further explore the utility of IUSS during orthopaedic procedures.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Application of the Science Literacy Circles Method Based on Local Reality to Improve Students' Scientific Literacy
Authors: Anggraini Nike , Nazip Khoiron
Published: June 2022

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the Science Literacy Circles (SLC) method on students' scientific literacy skills. Research subjects are students of Biology education, FKIP UNSRI, who take an Introduction to Environmental Science course, Environmental Pollution material. This study uses a post-test-only control design. The students who were the samples in this study were taken using a purposive random sampling technique with the Indralaya class as the control class and the Palembang class as the experimental class, each with 1 class. The data analysis technique was carried out using an instrument sheet in the form of a test sheet. Based on the results of the study, it was shown that the experimental class had a higher achievement of scientific literacy skills than the control class in terms of several aspects of scientific literacy, namely aspects of competence, context, and attitudes towards science. The average percentage for the three aspects measured was obtained at an average of 69.03 for the control class and 82.88 for the experimental class.
Economic burden and predictors of early intravenous to oral antimicrobial change for hospitalized patients, Ethiopia: a prospective Comparative study
Authors: Tefera Gosaye Mekonen , Mekete Mekonnen Derese , Umeta Gurmu Tesfaye
Published: June 2022

Background: Short intravenous (IV) antimicrobial therapy for 2-3 days followed by its oral (PO) comparable antimicrobial course is a crucial part of the antimicrobial stewardship program. However, nothing is known about this practice in Ethiopian-hospitals. Thus, it was aimed at assessing the economic burden, treatment outcome, and the practice of early IV to PO antimicrobial changes.Method: A hospital-based prospective Comparative study was conducted. After 3days follow up, the patients were categorized in to intervention and comparator group. Informed written consent was sought. Logistic regression models and independent t-test were done with a significance of p ≤0.05.Results: Out of 117 patients, 92 (78.6%) of the study participants were clinically stable within 72 hours. Hence, early IV to PO antimicrobial change was done only for 36/92 (39.1%), which resulted in an unnecessary expenditure of at least 29,434.72 Ethiopian Birrs (ETB) (671.39US$) within 3 months. There was a significant difference in terms of mean length of hospital stay (LOS) (8.80±3.57 versus 3.17±0.74; p-value <0.0001), in-hospital complication rate (p-value <0.0001), and the mean cost of healthcare in ETB (652.29±403.29 versus 126.67±29.47; p-value <0.0001) between the intervention and comparator group, respectively.Conclusion: The practice of early IV to PO antimicrobial change was unsatisfactory. There was a significant difference between the intervention and comparator groups in terms of LOS, in-hospital complication, and extra cost. Therefore, possible intervention should be applied, including the establishment of an antimicrobial stewardship program to improve the practice of early IV to PO change.
Intubation of Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients Using Conventional Laryngoscope in ICU: A Descriptive Observational Study
Authors: Ratnayake Ashani , Rajapakse Ayeshani , Kumarihamy Prabhashini , Jayasinghe Amila , Dissanayake Gayan Lakmal
Published: June 2022

PurposeVideo laryngoscopy is recommended for critically ill COVID-19 patients due to safety concerns and to avoid complications. It is not available in some places forcing the operator to rely on conventional laryngoscope. Intubations COVID-19 patients in ICU may lead to adverse complications which may be affected by the laryngoscope used. This study is aimed at to analyse predictors of difficult intubation, complexity of intubation and complications of using conventional laryngoscopy in COVID-19 ICU patients.MethodsA prospective observational study was done in COVID Intensive care unit of Base Hospital- Teldeniya, Sri Lanka from 1st of January 2021 to August 2021. Demographic data and clinical parameters, data related to intubation including MACOCHA score which is a validated score predicting difficult intubation in ICU and Intubation difficulty scale (IDS) which measures actual complexity of intubation were collected. The complications related to intubation were also analysed.Results84 out of 91 intubations (50.72 in Male and 49.7% in females) were done using conventional laryngoscope. Mean age was 50.75 years. First pass success rate was 83.3%. 25% had MACOCHA score more than 3. Most patients scored on the desaturation component of the score. Despite this only 50 % of the predicted difficult intubations actually had major difficulty in intubation. The commonest complication was hypotension. 12 had suffered cardiac arrest, and 4 of them were fatal. Conclusions Intubation of Critically ill COVID-19 patients are challenging, but can be done successfully with conventional laryngoscope. However, one must prepare for complications including cardiac arrest.
Hybrid intelligence decision making: successful human-AI integration in optical diagnosis
Authors: Reverberi Carlo , Rigon Tommaso , Solari Aldo , Hassan Cesare , Cherubini Paolo , Cherubini Andrea
Published: June 2022

Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems are precious support for decision-making, with many applications in the medical domain. However, there is little understanding of how human experts interact with AI. Health policy-makers fear flat reliance on AI advice. In this multicentric study, twenty-one endoscopists reviewed 504 videos of lesions from real colonoscopies, with and without the assistance of an AI support system. Endoscopists were influenced by AI (OR = 3.05), but not erratically: they followed the AI advice more when it was correct (OR = 3.48) than incorrect (OR = 1.85). Endoscopists achieved this outcome through a weighted integration of their and the AI opinions, considering the case-by-case estimations of the two reliabilities. This Bayesian-like rational behavior allowed the human-AI hybrid team to outperform both agents taken alone. We discuss the features of the interaction that determined this favorable outcome.
Observational constraint on a feedback from supercooled clouds reduces projected warming uncertainty
Authors: Cesana Grégory , Ackerman Andrew , Fridlind Ann , Silber Israel , Genio Anthony Del , Zelinka Mark , Chepfer Helene
Published: June 2022

The increase of climate sensitivity in the latest Earth system models (ESMs) is primarily attributed to a larger extratropical cloud response to warming. This stronger cloud feedback is thought to be partly driven by a greater ratio of supercooled liquid-phase clouds relative to all clouds, termed liquid phase ratio (LPR). Here we use an instrument simulator approach to show that LPR is actually overestimated in coupled model intercomparison project (CMIP) ESMs rather than underestimated as previously thought. Furthermore, we find that the relationship between LPR and the extratropical cloud feedback is in the opposite direction of what had been shown in previous single-ESM studies. We pinpoint this unexpected result to a previously-undocumented feedback from liquid clouds, which weakens the extratropical cloud contribution to warming. Finally, we present evidence that better constraining LPR in CMIP models will reduce uncertainty in climate projections, owing to this novel extratropical feedback from supercooled clouds.