bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Line Enhancer for Passive Sonars Based on Frequency-Domain Sparsity, Shannon Entropy Criterion and Mixed-Weighted Error
Authors: Li Zhe , Cheng Yusheng , Qiu Jiaxing
Published: October 2024

Adaptive line enhancer (ALE) is one of the vital signal processing techniques to the detection and recognition of underwater acoustic targets for passive sonars. Conventional ALEs, based on Gaussian noise assumption and least mean square (LMS) algorithm, can achieve good line enhancement property in Gaussian noise background. However, limited by the high steady-state misadjustment of LMS algorithm, the performance of conventional ALEs deteriorates under non-Gaussian noise background and degrades severely in processing signals with comparably lower signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Therefore, it’s of great necessity to improve the line enhancement performances of ALE techniques to meet the demands of engineering application in passive sonars. In order to optimize the robustness and adaptability of conventional ALEs in dealing with underwater acoustic signals with much lower-SNR and in non-Gaussian noise background, a modified ALE algorithm called frequency-domain ALE based on l1-norm, Shannon entropy criterion and mixed-weighted norm (l1-SE-MWE-FALE) is proposed in this paper. The proposed l1-SE-MWE-FALE algorithm is based on the integration of frequency-domain sparsity, Shannon entropy (SE) criterion along with mixed-weighted error of LMS and least absolute deviation (LAD) to improve the ALE performance in situations above. The simulation results demonstrate that, when the input SNR is as low as – 25 dB, the local SNR (LSNR) gain for line spectrums by l1-SE-MWE-FALE is 9.8 dB, 3.7 dB and 2.3 dB higher than conventional ALE, l1-norm-based frequency-domain ALE (l1-FALE) and l1 norm-Shannon entropy criterion-based frequency-domain ALE (l1-SE-FALE), respectively. Meanwhile, the simulation results also indicate that the parameters of the proposed method can be chosen loosely and hence are insensitive to the choice of their values. Furthermore, the processing results of two different kinds of real ship-radiated noise signals recorded by passive sonars also imply the advantages of the proposed method over the other three ALEs both qualitatively and quantitatively in the respect of line spectrum LSNR gain and parameter insensitivity. The simulation and experiment results both validate the performance insensitivity to parameter adjustment and hence exhibit a good perspective of applications for passive sonars.
The Battle of the Equations: A Systematic Review of Jump Height Calculations Using Force Platforms
Authors: Eythorsdottir Ingrid , Gløersen Øyvind , Rice Hannah , Werkhausen Amelie , Ettema Gertjan , Mentzoni Fredrik , Solberg Paul , Lindberg Kolbjørn , Paulsen Gøran
Published: October 2024

Vertical jump height measures our ability to oppose gravity and lower body neuromuscular function in athletes and various clinical populations. Vertical jump tests are principally simple, time-efficient, and extensively used for assessing athletes and generally in sport science research. Using the force platform for jump height estimates is increasingly popular owing to technological advancements and its relative ease of use in diverse settings. However, ground reaction force data can be analyzed in multiple ways to estimate jump height, leading to distinct outcome values from the same jump. In the literature, four equations have been commonly described for estimating jump height using the force platform, where jump height can vary by up to $$\sim$$
∼
15 cm when these equations are used on the same jump. There are advantages and disadvantages to each of the equations according to the intended use. Considerations of (i) the jump type, (ii) the reason for testing, and (iii) the definition of jump height should ideally determine which equation to apply. The different jump height equations can lead to confusion and inappropriate comparisons of jump heights. Considering the popularity of reporting jump height results, both in the literature and in practice, there is a significant need to understand how the different mathematical approaches influence jump height. This review aims to investigate how different equations affect the assessment of jump height using force platforms across various jump types, such as countermovement jumps, squat jumps, drop jumps, and loaded jumps.
Unsupervised anomaly detection in shearers via autoencoder networks and multi-scale correlation matrix reconstruction
Authors: Song Yang , Wang Weidong , Wu Yuxin , Fan Yuhan , Zhao Xuan
Published: October 2024

As the main equipment of coal mining production, the anomaly detection of shearer is important to ensure production efficiency and coal mine safety. One key challenge lies in the limited or even absence of labeled monitoring data for the equipment, coupled with the high costs associated with manual annotation. Another challenge stems from the complex structure of the mining machines, making it difficult to reflect the overall operational state through local anomaly detection. Consequently, the application of decoupled local anomaly detection for mining machines in practical production remains challenging. This paper presents an unsupervised learning-based method for detecting anomalies in shearer. The method includes a module for constructing a Multi-scale Correlation Matrix (MSCM) of mining machine operating conditions, as well as the CNN-ConvLSTM Autoencoder (C-CLA) network. The module for constructing an MSCM enhances the representation of interrelationships between various features of the equipment from different perspectives using multiple correlation analysis methods. The C-CLA network integrates convolutional and convolutional recurrent neural networks, with the convolutional structure extracting local spatial features and the ConvLSTM structure further capturing information from different time scales and feature scales, thereby enhancing the model’s perceptual capabilities towards changes in equipment status. Finally, shearer anomaly detection is achieved through the analysis of reconstructed residual matrices. The rationality and practicality of the proposed method have been validated on our dataset, and the model’s generalization capability has been verified through repeated experiments in similar scenarios. However, due to variations in the working environment of different mining faces and differences in equipment models, implementing detection on other mining faces often requires retraining the model with new data. Furthermore, we compared our method with other anomaly detection techniques, and our detection efficiency was superior by approximately 3%. This method effectively detects anomalies in the shearer.
Postdigital Videogames Literacies: Thinking With, Through, and Beyond James Gee’s Learning Principles
Authors: Bacalja Alexander , Nichols T. Phillip , Robinson Bradley , Bhatt Ibrar , Kucharczyk Stefan , Zomer Chris , Nash Brady , Dupont Bruno , De Cock Rozane , Zaman Bieke , Bonenfant Maude , Grosemans Eva , Abrams Sandra Schamroth , Vallis Carmen , Koutsogiannis Dimitrios , Dishon Gideon , Reed Jack , Byers Thomas , Fawzy Rania Magdi , Hsu Hsiao-Ping , Lowien Nathan , Barton Georgina , Callow Jon , Liu Zirui , Serafini Frank , Vermeire Zowi , deHaan Jonathan , Croasdale Alison , Torres-Toukoumidis Angel , Xu Xiao , Schnaider Karoline
Published: October 2024

This article is a collective response to the 2003 iteration of James Paul Gee’s What Video Games Have to Teach Us About Learning and Literacy. Gee’s book, a foundational text for those working in game studies, literacy studies, and education, identified 36 principles of ‘good learning’ which he argued were built into the design of good games, and which have since been used to unsettle the landscape of formal education. This article brings together 21 short theoretical and empirical contributions which centre postdigital perspectives to re-engage with, and extend, the arguments first raised by Gee regarding the relationship between videogames and learning. Organised into five groups, these contributions suggest that concepts and attitudes associated with the postdigital offer new thinking tools for challenging grand narrative claims about the educative potential of technologies while also providing rich analytical frames for revisiting Gee’s claims in terms of postdigital videogame literacies.
Effects of product and process innovation on growth and unemployment
Authors: Sasaki Hiroaki
Published: October 2024

In economic growth theory, product and process innovations are critical factors contributing to technological progress. This study constructs an economic growth model that considers product and process innovations and theoretically investigates how these two types of innovation affect economic growth and unemployment rates. Using our model, based on Zagler (Int Rev Appl Econ 18:209–224, 2004), we obtain the following three main findings: (1) an increase in the efficiency of product innovation increases both the economic growth and unemployment rates; (2) an increase in the efficiency of process innovation increases the economic growth rate but does not affect the unemployment rate; and (3) a decrease in labor allocation to product innovation and an increase in labor allocation to process innovation in the R & D sector increase the economic growth rate and decrease the unemployment rate depending on the conditions. These findings suggest that to simultaneously raise employment and increase economic growth, we need not only a policy for fostering product innovation but also another policy to improve employment.
Outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with chronic total occlusion (CTO): a single-center study evaluating a new dedicated CTO program in Egypt
Authors: Fathelbab Hany Tawfik , Abdelghany Mahmoud , Megaly Michael , Shawky Mohamed Ashraf , Zeineldin Khaled
Published: October 2024

Purpose

The conundrum of limited resources in developing countries leads to the abonnement and underutilization of percutaneous coronary intervention for chronic total occlusion, in addition to lack of expertise, limited supplies, and success rates. We embraced this challenge by initiating a dedicated program in a tertiary academic center in Egypt, aiming for optimum utilization of resources, limit cost, and gaining experience. We present our outcomes and the proficiency in establishing the program.

Methods

We enrolled all patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for chronic total occlusion during the first year of initiating our dedicated program. Analysis of clinical data, angiographic findings, and procedural features were evaluated, aiming to evaluate outcomes. Our primary outcome was successful recanalization achievement, utilization of available resources and cost. Secondary outcomes such as peri-procedural myocardial infarction, coronary perforation, urgent need of coronary artery bypass grafting, cerebrovascular stroke, and mortality were assessed.

Results

Our study enrolled 64 patients electively admitted to the Critical Care Department, Cairo University, undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for chronic total occlusion. The median J-CTO score was 2 (0–5). We achieved successful recanalization in 47 patients (73%). The mean procedural time was 123 ± 48.8 min, mean contrast volume was 359.03 ± 151.9 ml, and mean radiation dose was 9.4 ± 4.2 Gy. The mean number of wires per patient was 2.69 ± 1.32, and the most successful crossing strategy was antegrade wiring (56.3%). The commonest cause of failure was failure of re-entry (46.7%). One patient had peri-procedural MI (1.6%), and one patient required urgent CABG. There was no in-hospital mortality or cerebrovascular stroke. The cost ranged from 6520 Egyptian Pounds (EP) ($415) to 63,720 EP ($4058), with a mean of 26,213 EP ($1670).

Conclusions

Establishing a dedicated program for percutaneous coronary intervention for chronic total occlusion proved to be feasible and proficient, achieving high success rates with limited complications in view of limited resources, rationalized utilization of equipment, and limitation of hospital costs.
Europe’s legal revolution and France’s Article 49-3: the constitutional audacity of Robert Lecourt
Authors: Phelan William
Published: October 2024

The European Legal order, created by the European Court of Justice [ECJ], is an astonishingly effective treaty enforcement system. Previous explanations of its ‘transnational’ or ‘constitutional’ development have focused on the politics of judicial networks, and the wider political and economic context of postwar European democracy. Judicial biography has been almost entirely overlooked, even in the case of Robert Lecourt, widely acknowledged as the leading judge in the Court’s revolutionary period. Unknown to research on the ECJ, however, Lecourt had already spearheaded the adoption of the famous Article 49-3 of France’s 1958 Constitution. This paper demonstrates that the constitutional doctrines of European law and Article 49-3 were in fact premised on a similar ideology, that the pursuit of ‘effectiveness’ may require unprecedented restrictions on the traditional law-making role of national parliaments. Those were the constitutional values of the judge that, more than any other, built the foundations of the European legal order.
Addressing challenges faced by young refugees in the Netherlands: Adapting problem management plus (PM+) with an emotional processing module
Authors: Alozkan Sever Cansu , Cuijpers Pim , Dawson Katie S. , Mittendorfer-Rutz Ellenor , Akhtar Aemal , Bryant Richard A. , Sijbrandij Marit
Published: October 2024

Young refugees face numerous challenges before, during, and after their journey, leading to higher rates of mental health issues such as depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder. These problems often remain untreated due to barriers like limited services, stigma, and varied distress expressions. One effective scalable intervention that bridges this treatment gap is problem management plus (PM+), a transdiagnostic program delivered by trained nonspecialists. However, PM+ lacks a module directly targeting posttraumatic stress, which is a common problem in young refugees. This study presents the cultural and contextual adaptation process of PM+ for young refugees in the Netherlands that includes a newly developed emotional processing module. Qualitative data collection included free list interviews with youngsters (n = 33), key informant interviews with professionals (n = 9), policymakers (n = 5), key people from communities (n = 10), focus group discussions (n = 11) and one focused interview. A new module targeting distressing memories was developed and reviewed by experts (n = 14). Results supported protocol adaptations, including culturally and age-appropriate language, examples, illustrations and length. This research aims to develop feasible, culturally sensitive mental health interventions tailored to the unique needs of young refugees.
Success and failure of the spreading law for large drops of dense granular suspensions
Authors: Pelosse Alice , Guazzelli Élisabeth , Roché Matthieu
Published: October 2024

The spreading of large viscous drops of density-matched suspensions of non-Brownian spheres on a smooth solid surface is investigated experimentally at the global drop scale. The focus is on dense suspensions with a solid volume fraction equal to or greater than

$40\,\%$

, and for drops larger than the capillary length, i.e. for which the spreading is governed by the balance of gravitational and viscous forces. Our findings indicate that all liquids exhibit a power-law behaviour typical of gravity-driven dynamics, albeit with an effective suspension viscosity that is smaller than the bulk value. When the height of the drop is of the order of the particle size, the power law breaks down as the particles freeze while the contact line continues to advance.
Rethinking Health Law Architecture
Authors: Satz Ani B.
Published: October 2024

Neither the individualistic regulatory health paradigm nor the vulnerable populations approach of public health can provide the legal structure necessary to address the most pressing problems in health care today. These approaches fail to address conflicts between individuals and populations as well as challenges to qualifying for care and are in inherent conflict with each other, sometimes within the same statute. As health concerns become more global, it is necessary to move past a vulnerable populations approach to a broader population approach that respects individual choice but does not sacrifice community health for liberty interests.
Charity Scott and ASLME
Authors: Hutchinson Ted
Published: October 2024

Charity Scott was a professor of health law at Georgia State University College of Law, the founding director of the College of Law’s Center for Law, Health, and Society, and co-founder of the Health Law Partnership (HeLP) at Georgia State. She is an iconic figure in her adopted hometown of Atlanta and certainly one of the most important scholars in the history of the health law field, justly celebrated for her teaching, her innovation, her commitment to interdisciplinary work, and for her compassion and love for others. She was also a dear friend of mine. In this short essay I will reflect on my friendship with Charity and her involvement with the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics, the publisher of this journal.
Blurring Boundaries: A Proposed Research Agenda for Ethical, Legal, Social, and Historical Studies at the Intersection of Infectious and Genetic Disease
Authors: Jose Sheethal , Bollinger Juli , Geller Gail , Greene Jeremy , Henry Leslie Meltzer , Hutler Brian , Juengst Eric Thomas , Kahn Jeffrey , Mastroianni Anna C. , Mooney Graham , White Alexandre , Wilbanks Rebecca , Mathews Debra J. H.
Published: October 2024

Contemporary understanding of the mechanisms of disease increasingly points to examples of “genetic diseases” with an infectious component and of “infectious diseases” with a genetic component. Such blurred boundaries generate ethical, legal, and social issues and highlight historical contexts that must be examined when incorporating host genomic information into the prevention, outbreak control, and treatment of infectious diseases.
Imagination, Hope, and Joy: Building Resilience through Trauma-Informed Teaching and Self-Care in Anti-Racist Clinics
Authors: Scott Christina , Cole Amanda
Published: October 2024

Teaching students to build resilience is necessary to keep imagining and fighting for a path towards social justice. To do so, clinicians can draw from the communities facing oppression and examine how they remain resilient despite oppression.
A Tribute to Professor Charity Scott: Imagination, Reflection, and the Jay Healey Teaching Plenary
Authors: Watson Sidney D.
Published: October 2024

Georgia State University College of Law Professor Emerita Charity Scott quoted these words from Albert Einstein in June of 2022 as she concluded a tribute to Professor Joseph (Jay) M. Healey, one of the founding lights of health law and health law teaching. She chose the quote because she thought the words and sentiment would resonate with Jay. I repeat it because Dr. Einstein’s words capture the essence and heart of Charity’s approach to teaching, pedagogy, and life. Charity modeled, urged, nudged, and taught the community of health law professors to embrace imagination and creativity. Charity’s vision has helped us be more creative and reflective teachers.2
Operationalizing Power in Health Law: The Hospital Abolition Hypothesis
Authors: Lawrence Matthew B.
Published: October 2024

This symposium Article describes how prison abolitionist arguments also support the hypothesis that a defining goal of health law should be the abolition of hospitals. Like prison abolitionism, the hospital abolition hypothesis can provide a constructive way to shift the focus of legal analysis from substantive dimensions (in health law — cost, quality, access, and equity) to the dimension of power.
INTRODUCTION Defining Health Law for the Future: A Tribute to Charity Scott
Authors: Kershner Stacie P. , Fuse Brown Erin C. , Wolf Leslie E. , Lombardo Paul A. , Heled Yaniv
Published: October 2024

This special edition of JLME celebrates the life of Charity Scott, Professor Emerita and Founding Director of the Center for Law, Health & Society at Georgia State University College of Law.
Health Law and Bigotry Distractions
Authors: Aaron Daniel G. , Francis Leslie P.
Published: October 2024

Bigotry distractions are strategic invocations of racism, transphobia, or negative stigma toward other marginalized groups to shape political discourse. Although the vast majority of Americans agree on large policy issues ranging from reducing air pollution to prosecuting corporate crime, bigotry distractions divert attention from areas of agreement toward divisive identity issues. This article explores how the nefarious targeting of identity groups through bigotry distractions may be the tallest barrier to health reform, and social change more broadly. The discussion extends the literature on dog whistles, strategic racism, and scapegoating.
A Tribute to Professor Charity Scott
Authors: Kaminshine Steven J.
Published: October 2024

It was a privilege to attend the symposium Defining Health Law for the Future, and join with so many of Georgia State University College of Law Professor Emerita Charity Scott’s colleagues and friends, supporters, former students, mentees, and presenters. It was a symposium that fittingly served as a tribute to Charity and the remarkable impact she had on the many communities she touched. To the Harrell/Scott family — thank you so much for helping us celebrate Charity and her work.
Mediation: Common Practices and Ethical Boundaries
Authors: Morreim Haavi
Published: October 2024

This true story of a mediation in a personal injury lawsuit describes a sequence of events and fairly common practices that raise significant questions about mediation ethics as well as attorney ethics.
From Philosopher in Residence to Healthcare Mediation
Authors: Morreim Haavi
Published: October 2024

It is such a treat and a privilege to have been at the “Defining Health Law for the Future” symposium and to have met Charity’s family. She was dear to me.
The GLEAMing of the first supermassive black holes: III. Radio sources with ultra-faint host galaxies
Authors: Broderick Jess W. , Seymour Nicholas , Drouart Guillaume , Knight Dyllon , Afonso José M. , De Breuck Carlos , Galvin Timothy J. , Hedge Alexander J. , Lehnert Matthew D. , Noirot Gaël , Shabala Stanislav S. , Turner Ross J. , Vernet Joël
Published: October 2024

We present deep near-infrared$K_\textrm{s}$-band imaging for 35 of the 53 sources from the high-redshift ($z \gt 2$) radio galaxy candidate sample defined in Broderick et al. (2022, PASA, 39, e061). These images were obtained using the High-Acuity WidefieldK-band Imager (HAWK-I) on the Very Large Telescope. Host galaxies are detected for 27 of the sources, with$K_\textrm{s} \approx 21.6$–23.0 mag (2$^{\prime\prime}$diameter apertures; AB). The remaining eight targets are not detected to a median$3\unicode{x03C3}$depth of$K_\textrm{s} \approx 23.3$mag (2$^{\prime\prime}$diameter apertures). We examine the radio and near-infrared flux densities of the 35 sources, comparing them to the known$z \gt 3$powerful radio galaxies with 500-MHz radio luminosities$L_{500\,\textrm{MHz}} \gt 10^{27}$W Hz$^{-1}$. By plotting 150-MHz flux density versus$K_\textrm{s}$-band flux density, we find that, similar to the sources from the literature, these new targets have large radio to near-infrared flux density ratios, but extending the distribution to fainter flux densities. Five of the eight HAWK-I deep non-detections have a median$3\unicode{x03C3}$lower limit of$K_\textrm{s} \gtrsim 23.8$mag (1$.\!^{\prime\prime}$5 diameter apertures); these five targets, along with a further source from Broderick et al. (2022, PASA, 39, e061) with a deep non-detection ($K_\textrm{s} \gtrsim 23.7$mag;$3\unicode{x03C3}$; 2$^{\prime\prime}$diameter aperture) in the Southern H-ATLAS Regions$K_\textrm{s}$-band Survey, are considered candidates to be ultra-high-redshift ($z \gt 5$) radio galaxies. The extreme radio to near-infrared flux density ratios ($\gt 10^5$) for these six sources are comparable to TN J0924$-$2201, GLEAM J0856$+$0223 and TGSS J1530$+$1049, the three known powerful radio galaxies at$z \gt 5$. For a selection of galaxy templates with different stellar masses, we show that$z \gtrsim 4.2$is a plausible scenario for our ultra-high-redshift candidates if the stellar mass$M_\textrm{*} \gtrsim 10^{10.5}$M$_\odot$. In general, the 35 targets studied have properties consistent with the previously known class of infrared-faint radio sources. We also discuss the prospects for finding more UHzRG candidates from wide and deep near-infrared surveys.
Effects of COVID-19 pandemic on epidemiological features of viral respiratory tract infections in children: a single-centre study
Authors: Bedir Demirdag Tugba , Ozcicek Melike , Polat Meltem , Kavas Furkan Cagri , Demir Funda , Atay Unal Nursel , Kara Nursel , Gudeloglu Elif , Tezer Hasan , Bozdayi Gulendam , Tapisiz Anıl
Published: October 2024

The epidemiology of respiratory infections may vary depending on factors such as climate changes, geographical features, and urbanization. Pandemics also change the epidemiological characteristics of not only the relevant infectious agent itself but also other infectious agents. This study aims to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the epidemiology of viral respiratory infections in children. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of children aged ≤18 years with laboratory-confirmed viral respiratory infections other than COVID-19 from January 2018 to March 2023. Data on demographic characteristics, month and year of admission, and microbiological results were collected. During the study period, 1,829 respiratory samples were sent for polymerase chain reaction testing. Rhinovirus was identified in 24% of the patients, mixed infections in 21%, influenza virus in 20%, and respiratory syncytial virus in 12.5%. A 38.6% decrease in viral respiratory infections was observed in 2020, followed by a 188% increase in 2021. The respiratory syncytial virus was significantly more common in the post-pandemic period (13.8%) compared to the pre-pandemic period (8.1%), but no seasonal shift in respiratory syncytial virus infection was observed. There was also a yearly increase in influenza infections in the post-pandemic period compared to the pre-pandemic period. After the COVID-19 pandemic, the frequency of parainfluenza virus infections increased during the summer months, and this finding provides a new contribution to the existing literature.
A learning-based account of local phonological processes
Authors: Belth Caleb A.
Published: October 2024

Phonological processes tend to involve local dependencies, an observation that has been expressed explicitly or implicitly in many phonological theories, such as the use of minimal symbols in SPE and the inclusion of primarily strictly local constraints in Optimality Theory. I propose a learning-based account of local phonological processes, providing an explicit computational model. The model is grounded in experimental results that suggest children are initially insensitive to long-distance dependencies and that as their ability to track non-adjacent dependencies grows, learners still prefer local generalisations to non-local ones. The model encodes these results by constructing phonological processes starting around an alternating segment and expanding outward to incorporate more phonological context only when surface forms cannot be predicted with sufficient accuracy. The model successfully constructs local phonological generalisations and exhibits the same preference for local patterns that humans do, suggesting that locality can emerge as a computational consequence of a simple learning procedure.
Rousseau and Kant on the Moral Value of Compassion
Authors: James David
Published: October 2024

Despite Rousseau’s acknowledged influence on Kant, the moral value of compassion (or pity) is regarded as a major difference between their theories of morality. Pity plays a fundamental role in Rousseau’s theory of moral relations, whereas Kant appears suspicious of compassion. I argue that Kant nevertheless accords compassion a significant moral value, not only because it provides an appropriate supplementary incentive when the incentive of duty is not sufficient to motivate action but also because of the role it plays in attuning individuals to the moral status of others. Rousseau’s account of pity in Emile helps to explain how compassion can play this role.
Extreme Space Weather Impacts on GNSS Timing Signals for Electricity Grid Management
Authors: Etchells T. , Aplin K. L. , Berthoud L. , Kalavana A. , Larkins A.
Published: October 2024

Extreme space weather events can have serious impacts on critical infrastructure, including Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). The use of GNSS, particularly as sources of accurate timing signals, is becoming more widespread, with one example being the measurement of electricity grid frequency and phase information to aid grid management and stability. Understanding the likelihood of extreme space weather impacts on GNSS timing signals is therefore becoming vital to maintain national electricity grid resilience. This study determines critical intensity thresholds above which the complete failure of a GNSS based timing system may occur. Solar radio bursts are identified as a simple example to investigate in more detail. The probability of occurrence of an extreme space weather event with an intensity equal to or greater than the critical intensity is estimated. Both a power law and extreme value theory were used to evaluate recurrence probabilities based on historical event frequencies. The probability was estimated to be between 3%–12% per decade to cause the complete failure of any GNSS‐based timing system.
Near Real‐Time Earthquake Monitoring in Texas Using the Highly Precise Deep Learning Phase Picker
Authors: Chen Yangkang , Savvaidis Alexandros , Siervo Daniel , Huang Dino , Saad Omar M.
Published: October 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) seismology has witnessed enormous success in a variety of fields, especially in earthquake detection and P and S‐wave arrival picking. It has become widely accepted that DL techniques greatly help routine seismic monitoring by enabling more accurate picking than traditional pickers like STA/LTA. However, a completely automatic AI‐driven earthquake monitoring framework has not been reported due to the concerns of potential false positives using DL pickers. Here, we propose a novel AI‐facilitated near real‐time monitoring framework using a recently developed deep learning (DL) picker (EQCCT) that has been deployed in the Texas seismological network (TexNet). For the West Texas area, TexNet's seismic monitoring relies on the EQCCT picker to report earthquake events. For earthquakes with a magnitude above two, the picks are further validated by analysts to output the final TexNet catalog. Due to the fast‐increasing seismicity caused by continuing oil&gas production in West Texas, this AI‐facilitated framework significantly relieves the workload of TexNet analysts. We show the mean absolute error (MAE) of automatic magnitude estimation for the magnitude‐above‐two earthquakes is smaller than 0.15 in West Texas and MAEs of hypocenter locations within 2.6 km in both distance and depth estimates. This research provides more evidence that DL pickers can play a fundamental role in daily earthquake monitoring.
Persistent Summer North Atlantic Jet Variability: Dynamical Feedbacks and Model‐Observation Discrepancies
Authors: Ossó Albert , Ennemoser Florian
Published: October 2024

Persistent fluctuations in the latitudinal position of the North Atlantic (NATL) jet stream are closely linked to extreme weather anomalies, particularly over Europe. Accurately representing jet stream persistence in climate models is essential for enhancing the reliability of future regional extreme weather projections. This study investigates the summer persistence of the NATL jet stream latitudinal fluctuations and the Summer North Atlantic Oscillation (SNAO) using data from CMIP6 models and ERA5 reanalysis. Our findings reveal that CMIP6 models generally overestimate persistence compared to ERA5 during the historical period. Utilizing the relative vorticity tendency equation, we assess the strength of the eddy‐mean flow feedback and identify a positive relationship between persistence and feedback strength across models. We also found that a large fraction of the intermodel spread in precipitation persistence is associated with differences in the persistence of jet fluctuations.
Madden Julian Oscillation Moves Faster as the Meridional Moisture Gradient Intensifies in a Warming World
Authors: Dasgupta Panini , Roxy M. K. , Nam SungHyun , Prajeesh A. G. , Saranya J. S. , Zhang Chidong , Ling Jian , Kim Daehyun
Published: October 2024

The eastward‐moving large‐scale convective system associated with the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) significantly impact global weather and climate. Recent decades have seen notable changes in the MJO's lifecycle due to non‐uniform tropical ocean warming, with the roles of natural climate variability and anthropogenic influence still requiring quantification. This study examines observed and projected long‐term changes in the MJO phase speed using four twentieth‐century reanalyses and CMIP6 simulations. We find a substantial increase in MJO phase speed in three reanalyses during the twentieth century (0.6–1.2 m s⁻1 century⁻1) and further increase in MJO phase speed during the twenty‐first century (0.3–1.5 m s⁻1 century⁻1), with notable multidecadal fluctuations. We attribute the overall acceleration of the MJO to the global warming‐driven increase in the meridional moisture gradient around the warm pool while attributing the multidecadal variability in the MJO phase speed to changes in the zonal moisture gradient associated with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation.
Plant and Microbial Carbon Are Important Drivers of Free‐Living Nitrogen Fixation in Tropical Forest Soils: A New Discovery of Carbon‐Driven Nitrogen Input
Authors: Xu Meichen , Fan Linjie , Li Andi , Liu Qiyan , Yu Guangcan , Wang Senhao , Zhang Baixin , Ye Qing , Mo Jiangming , Zheng Mianhai
Published: October 2024

Nitrogen (N) availability limits plant growth and soil carbon (C) sequestration in N‐limited ecosystems, however, plant and soil C feedback on the free‐living nitrogen fixation (FLNF) process is poorly understood. Moreover, whether this feedback is influenced by initial N availability in leguminous and non‐leguminous forest soils has not been clarified. Here, we found that the addition of plant‐ and microbial‐derived C significantly enhanced soil nitrogenase activity (13∼28%) and that microbial‐derived C had a more positive impact. These positive effects were attributed to the direct C‐energy supply (0.49∼0.84) rather than variations in soil microbial activity (−0.01∼0.21) and substrate resources (−0.45∼0.27). Long‐term N addition did not inhibit FLNF. C addition promoted FLNF in soils of the two forests, but the response rate was higher in the leguminous forest soils. Our study reveals that increased soil C availability can drive FLNF in tropical forests, enhancing our understanding of the soil C‐N coupling mechanism.
Process‐Based Modeling of Ecosystem‐Level Monoterpene From a Japanese Larch (Larix kaempferi) Forest
Authors: Chen Zhanzhuo , Kato Tomomichi , Ito Akihiko , Miyauchi Tatsuya , Takahashi Yoshiyuki , Tang Jing
Published: October 2024

Globally, the emission of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) by plants represents the dominant source of volatile organic compounds emitted to the atmosphere. Monoterpenes, as the major BVOC group, can contribute to forming secondary organic aerosols and influence cloud properties. In this study, we developed a process‐based monoterpene module in the Vegetation Integrative SImulator for Trace gases (VISIT) model by considering the production, storage, and emission of monoterpene as three main processes. We further evaluated the modeled monoterpene emissions against the ecosystem‐level observation data at a half‐hour scale at a Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi) forest site on Mt. Fuji, Japan. The VISIT model performed with relatively higher accuracy with a Willmott's index of agreement at 0.61, a mean bias error (MBE) at 0.29, and a root mean squared error (RMSE) at 0.43, comparable to that of Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature model with a Willmott's index of agreement at 0.63, a MBE at 0.40, and a RMSE at 0.54. In a long‐term simulation under high CO2 emission scenarios, the ratio between monoterpene emission and gross primary production exhibited a stronger correlation with CO2 concentration than temperature. Our study provides a process‐based modeling approach for more accurately simulating monoterpene emissions from Japanese larch.
A Reappraisal of Nappe Structures and Strain Patterns in the Core of the Variscan Orogen (French Massif Central)
Authors: Vanardois Jonas , Trap Pierre , Teyssier Christian , Whitney Donna L.
Published: October 2024

Major influences on the architecture of orogens include the overall thermal conditions of orogeny (hot vs. cold) and the angle of collision (orthogonal vs. oblique). In the French Massif Central of the Variscan orogen, a cold‐orogen style crustal nappe architecture was interpreted in the Haut‐Allier, located in the core of the orogen. Based on this model, the Variscan orogenic crust is described as the superposition of three main allochthonous tectonic units juxtaposed along major thrust faults. However, based on a detailed structural analysis, we have found instead that the region is dominated by a network of anastomosing conjugate and coeval dextral and sinistral shear zones striking WNW‐ESE and ENE‐WSW, respectively. The dextral WNW‐trending shear zones are predominant, whereas the sinistral NE shear zones are mainly located in the eastern part of the massif. Between these sub‐vertical shear zones, a sub‐horizontal foliation is observed. Our results indicate that all planar fabrics were partially synchronous during suprasolidus low‐pressure‐high‐temperature conditions. Strain partitioning occurred from high‐temperature suprasolidus conditions to subsolidus retrogression and may represent orogen‐parallel flow, suggesting hot‐orogen style. These results call into question the validity of the crustal nappe model in the Haut‐Allier. Based on new structural data and related observations, we propose a new model in which metamorphic gaps between tectonic units are explained by the juxtaposition of different structural domains by displacement along strike‐slip shear zones.
Deep phenotyping reveals CRH and FKBP51-dependent behavioral profiles following chronic social stress exposure in male mice
Authors: Kovarova Veronika , Bordes Joeri , Mitra Shiladitya , Narayan Sowmya , Springer Margherita , Brix Lea Maria , Deussing Jan M. , Schmidt Mathias V.
Published: October 2024

The co-chaperone FKBP51, encoded by FKBP5 gene, is recognized as a psychiatric risk factor for anxiety and depressive disorders due to its crucial role in the stress response. Another key modulator in stress response regulation is the corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), which is co-expressed with FKBP51 in many stress-relevant brain-regions and cell-types. Together, they intricately influence the balance of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, one of the primary stress response systems. Previous research underscores the potential moderating effects these genes have on the regulation of the stressful life events towards the vulnerability of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the specific function of FKBP51 in CRH-expressing neurons remains largely unexplored. Here, through deep behavioral phenotyping, we reveal heightened stress effects in mice lacking FKBP51 in CRH co-expressing neurons (CRH

FKBP5−/−
), particularly evident in social contexts. Our findings highlight the importance of considering cell-type specificity and context in comprehending stress responses and advocate for the utilization of machine-learning-driven phenotyping of mouse models. By elucidating these intricacies, we lay down the groundwork for personalized interventions aimed at enhancing stress resilience and individual well-being.
NUMB dysfunction defines a novel mechanism underlying hyperuricemia and gout
Authors: Chi Jingwei , Chen Ying , Li Changgui , Liu Shiguo , Che Kui , Kong Zili , Guo Ziheng , Chu Yanchen , Huang Yajing , Yang Libo , Sun Cunwei , Wang Yunyang , Lv Wenshan , Zhang Qing , Guo Hui , Zhao Han , Yang Zhitao , Xu Lili , Wang Ping , Dong Bingzi , Hu Jianxia , Liu Shihai , Wang Fei , Zhao Yanyun , Qi Mengmeng , Xin Yu , Nan Huiqi , Zhao Xiangzhong , Zhang Wei , Xiao Min , Si Ke , Wang Yangang , Cao Yihai
Published: October 2024

Defective renal excretion and increased production of uric acid engender hyperuricemia that predisposes to gout. However, molecular mechanisms underlying defective uric acid excretion remain largely unknown. Here, we report a rare genetic variant of gout-unprecedented NUMB gene within a hereditary human gout family, which was identified by an unbiased genome-wide sequencing approach. This dysfunctional missense variant within the conserved region of the NUMB gene (NUMBR630H) underwent intracellular redistribution and degradation through an autophagy-dependent mechanism. Mechanistically, we identified the uric acid transporter, ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily G Member 2 (ABCG2), as a novel NUMB-binding protein through its intracellular YxNxxF motif. In polarized renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs), NUMB promoted ABCG2 trafficking towards the apical plasma membrane. Genetic loss-of-function of NUMB resulted in redistribution of ABCG2 in the basolateral domain and ultimately defective excretion of uric acid. To recapitulate the clinical situation in human gout patients, we generated a NUMBR630H knock-in mouse strain, which showed marked increases of serum urate and decreased uric acid excretion. The NUMBR630H knock-in mice exhibited clinically relevant hyperuricemia. In summary, we have uncovered a novel NUMB-mediated mechanism of uric acid excretion and a functional missense variant of NUMB in humans, which causes hyperuricemia and gout.
Uncovering pathway and mechanism of simultaneous thiocyanate detoxicity and nitrate removal through anammox and denitrification
Authors: Chen Xue , Duan Fuang , Yu Xi , Xie Yuyang , Wang Zhibin , Ni Shou-Qing
Published: October 2024

Thiocyanate (SCN−) exists in various industries and is detrimental to the ecosystem, necessitating cost-effective and environmentally benign treatment. In response to alleviate the bacterial toxicity of SCN−, this study developed a two-stage coupled system by tandem of anammox in reactor 1 (R1) and SCN−-driven autotrophic denitrification in reactor 2 (R2), achieving simultaneous removal of SCN− and nitrogen. The total nitrogen removal efficiency of the coupled system was 92.42 ± 1.98%, with nearly 100% of SCN− elimination. Thiobacillus was responsible for SCN− degradation. The deduced degradation pathway of SCN− was via the cyanate pathway before coupling, followed by the co-action of cyanate pathway and carbonyl sulfide pathway after coupling. Although scaling-up study is needed to validate its applicability in real-world applications, this study contributes to the advancement of sustainable and cost-effective wastewater treatment technologies, being an attractive path for low-carbon nitrogen removal and greenhouse gas emission-free technology.
Alginate-modified graphene oxide anchored with lactoperoxidase as a novel bioactive nanocombination for colorectal cancer therapy
Authors: Nayl AbdElAziz A. , El-Fakharany Esmail M. , Abd-Elhamid Ahmed I. , Arafa Wael A. A. , Alanazi Ahmed H. , Ahmed Ismail M. , Abdelgawad Mohamed A. , Aly Ashraf A. , Bräse Stefan
Published: October 2024

It is imperative to explore new biocompatible drugs with low toxicity for use in medicinal fields such as fighting tumors. Bovine lactoperoxidase (BLPO) stems from the most important enzymes in the bovine whey that provide a proper pattern for nano-formulation with nanomaterials. LPO is a suitable protein to be coated or adsorbed to alginate modified graphene oxide (GO-SA), which forms the modified GO-SA-LPO hybrid structure. This novel combination provides LPO stability with strong anticancer effects and boosts immunity response. The characterization results obtained from different techniques confirmed a successful LPO adsorption on the GO-SA composite surface. Moreover, nano-formulation of LPO with GO-SA composite exhibited a reduction in its size and overall charge. In addition, the experimental results showed greater LPO activity stability in the modified GO-SA-LPO nanocombination than free LPO after storage for 10 weeks at 4 °C. The in vitro study, a crucial step in the validation of our approach, demonstrated that the modified GO-SA-LPO nanocombination showed a potent anticancer selectivity toward colon cancer cell lines more than GO-SA composite or free form of LPO, which enhanced in a dose-dependent manner with high safety manner against normal cells. The apoptotic effect of this novel nanocombination was confirmed by the greatest variations in the expression of both well-known apoptosis genes (p53 and Bcl-2), severe changes in the cellular morphology, DNA fragmentation, and nuclear staining with fluorescence yellow and orange of the target cancer cells. Also, this superior efficacy of the modified GO-SA-LPO nanocombination was induced by suppressing some pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL-6), and necrosis factor-kappa B (NF-ĸB). Our observations presented that the modified nanocombination of LPO may offer a novel remedy for treating colon tumors via induced apoptosis pathway, inflammation reduction, and immune response improvement.
A longitudinal study of facial function, quality of life, and depression in Bell’s palsy during pregnancy and puerperium
Authors: Lansing Lovisa , Brismar Wendel Sophia , Wejde Westlund Ellen , Marsk Elin
Published: October 2024

Bell’s palsy can reduce facial function and quality of life. Pregnancy may also be physically and psychologically challenging. This study investigates depression among pregnant and puerperal women with and without Bell’s palsy and if degree of facial palsy and depression was correlated. Thirty-one women with pregnancy-associated Bell’s and 31 women without Bell’s palsy were prospectively included and followed one year at two University Hospitals, Stockholm. Depression was assessed with Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). In women with Bell’s palsy, Facial Disability Index (FDI), Facial Clinimetric Evaluation (FaCE) scale, and Sunnybrook Facial Grading System (SFGS) were collected. The association between Bell’s palsy and EPDS ≥ 11 was assessed by logistic regression, and between EPDS and FDI, FaCE, and SFGS, respectively, by Spearman rank correlation. Median EDPS did not differ between groups (7.0 vs. 6.0, p = 0.74, one month, 6.5 vs. 6.0, p = 0.87, 12 months). EPDS at one month was correlated to FDI (p = 0.002) and FaCE (p = 0.004) and at 12 months to FDI (p = 0.009) but not to FaCE (p = 0.08). No correlation was found between EPDS and SFGS. In summary, no association appeared between pregnancy-associated Bell’s palsy and depression. Patient-reported function correlated well with depression in pregnancy-associated Bell’s palsy, while physician-reported facial function did not.