bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of Neuropathic Pain Symptoms with Sensitization Related Symptomatology in Women with Fibromyalgia
Authors: Úbeda-D’Ocasar Edurne , Valera-Calero Juan Antonio , Gallego-Sendarrubias Gracia María , Fernández-de-las-Peñas César , Arias-Buría José Luis , Morales-Cabezas Matilde , Arendt-Nielsen Lars , Cigarán-Méndez Margarita
Published: March 2022

We aimed to analyze potential correlations between S-LANSS and PainDETECT with proxies for pain sensitization, e.g., the Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) and pressure pain hyperalgesia (construct validity), pain-related or psychological variables (concurrent validity) in women with fibromyalgia (FMS). One-hundred-and-twenty-six females with FMS completed demographic, pain-related variables, psychological, and sensitization outcomes as well as the S-LANSS and the PainDETECT questionnaires. S-LANSS was positively associated with BMI (r = 0.206), pain intensity (r = 0.206 to 0.298) and CSI score (r = 0.336) and negatively associated with all PPTs (r = −0.180 to −0.336). PainDETECT was negatively associated with age (r = −0.272) and all PPTs (r = −0.226 to −0.378) and positively correlated with pain intensity (r = 0.258 to 0.439), CSI (r = 0.538), anxiety (r = 0.246) and depression (r = 0.258). 51.4% of the S-LANSS was explained by PainDETECT (45.3%), posterior iliac PPT (0.2%) and mastoid PPT (5.9%), whereas the 56.4% of PainDETECT was explained by S-LANSS (43.4%), CSI (10.4%), and pain intensity (2.6%). This study found good convergent association between S-LANSS and PainDETECT in women with FMS. Additionally, S-LANSS was associated with PPTs whereas PainDETECT was associated with pain intensity and CSI, suggesting that both questionnaires assess different spectrums of the neuropathic and pain sensitization components of a condition and hence provide synergistic information.
Magnetic Immunosensor Coupled to Enzymatic Signal for Determination of Genomic DNA Methylation
Authors: Liang Yitao , Zhang Bin , Xue Zexin , Ye Xuesong , Liang Bo
Published: March 2022

Aberrations of genomic DNA methylation have been confirmed to be involved in the evolution of human cancer and have thus gained the potential to be depicted as biomarkers for cancer diagnostics and prognostic predictions, which implicates an urgent need for detection of total genomic DNA methylation. In this work, we suggested an assay for the quantification of global DNA methylation, utilizing methylation specific antibody (5mC) modified magnetic beads (MBs) for immunorecognition and affinity enrichment. Subsequently, the captured DNA on the surface of MBs interacted with the glucose oxidase-conjugated DNA antibody whose catalytic reaction product was engaged in electrochemical detection of the overall level of DNA methylation on a PB-doped screen-printed electrode. With 15 pg of input DNA, which, to our best knowledge, is the lowest required amount of DNA without sodium bisulfite treatment or amplification, this test strategy was able to perceive as low as 5% methylation level within 70 min including the preparation of anti-5mC-MBs. We believe this detection technique offers a promising option to detect global DNA methylation in both academic and clinical scenarios.
A Single Wavelength Mid-Infrared Photoacoustic Spectroscopy for Noninvasive Glucose Detection Using Machine Learning
Authors: Aloraynan Abdulrahman , Rassel Shazzad , Xu Chao , Ban Dayan
Published: March 2022

According to the International Diabetes Federation, 530 million people worldwide have diabetes, with more than 6.7 million reported deaths in 2021. Monitoring blood glucose levels is essential for individuals with diabetes, and developing noninvasive monitors has been a long-standing aspiration in diabetes management. The ideal method for monitoring diabetes is to obtain the glucose concentration level with a fast, accurate, and pain-free measurement that does not require blood drawing or a surgical operation. Multiple noninvasive glucose detection techniques have been developed, including bio-impedance spectroscopy, electromagnetic sensing, and metabolic heat conformation. Nevertheless, reliability and consistency challenges were reported for these methods due to ambient temperature and environmental condition sensitivity. Among all the noninvasive glucose detection techniques, optical spectroscopy has rapidly advanced. A photoacoustic system has been developed using a single wavelength quantum cascade laser, lasing at a glucose fingerprint of 1080 cm−1 for noninvasive glucose monitoring. The system has been examined using artificial skin phantoms, covering the normal and hyperglycemia blood glucose ranges. The detection sensitivity of the system has been improved to ±25 mg/dL using a single wavelength for the entire range of blood glucose. Machine learning has been employed to detect glucose levels using photoacoustic spectroscopy in skin samples. Ensemble machine learning models have been developed to measure glucose concentration using classification techniques. The model has achieved a 90.4% prediction accuracy with 100% of the predicted data located in zones A and B of Clarke’s error grid analysis. This finding fulfills the US Food and Drug Administration requirements for glucose monitors.
Substance Abuse in Emerging Adults: The Role of Neuromelanin and Ventral Striatal Response to Social and Monetary Rewards
Authors: Jarcho Johanna M. , Wyngaarden James B. , Johnston Camille R. , Quarmley Megan , Smith David V. , Cassidy Clifford M.
Published: March 2022

Perturbations in dopamine system function may increase risk of substance use disorder (SUD). We recently demonstrated that neuromelanin (NM) MRI signal in the substantia nigra, a non-invasive index of dopamine system function, is elevated in long term cocaine users (Cassidy et al., 2020). However, it is unclear whether elevated NM-MRI signal is linked to risk of SUD, or is a byproduct of long-term drug use. Our prior work failed to show relations between NM-MRI signal and functional engagement of ventral striatum during a monetary reward task. However, social experiences are commonly linked to drug use and relapse. Given that, NM-MRI signal may be more closely linked to ventral striatal engagement during social, rather than monetary reward processing. Emerging adults (n = 33, 21.88 ± 4.35 years) with varying levels of substance abuse, but without SUD, underwent NM-MRI and fMRI during social and monetary reward processing tasks. Voxelwise analysis within the substantia nigra (SN) demonstrated lower NM-MRI signal was associated with more severe substance abuse. Lower right ventral striatal engagement to social reward was also associated with more severe substance abuse. This relation was moderated by SN NM-MRI signal such that diminished striatal response to reward was associated with greater substance abuse among those with low NM-MRI signal, but lower substance abuse among those with high NM-MRI signal. Unexpectedly, higher right ventral striatal engagement during monetary reward was associated with more severe substance abuse. This relation was moderated by SN NM-MRI signal such that greater striatal response to reward was associated with greater substance abuse among those with low NM-MRI signal. Taken together, we provide preliminary evidence that, in emerging adults, low rather than high dopamine system function may increase risk of substance abuse, and strengthen the association between substance use and the brain’s sensitivity to social and monetary outcomes in different ways.
Resting-State fMRI in Chronic Patients with Disorders of Consciousness: The Role of Lower-Order Networks for Clinical Assessment
Authors: Medina Jean Paul , Nigri Anna , Stanziano Mario , D’Incerti Ludovico , Sattin Davide , Ferraro Stefania , Rossi Sebastiano Davide , Pinardi Chiara , Marotta Giorgio , Leonardi Matilde , Bruzzone Maria Grazia , Rosazza Cristina
Published: March 2022

Resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) is a widely used technique to investigate the residual brain functions of patients with Disorders of Consciousness (DoC). Nonetheless, it is unclear how the networks that are more associated with primary functions, such as the sensory–motor, medial/lateral visual and auditory networks, contribute to clinical assessment. In this study, we examined the rs-fMRI lower-order networks alongside their structural MRI data to clarify the corresponding association with clinical assessment. We studied 109 chronic patients with DoC and emerged from DoC with structural MRI and rs-fMRI: 65 in vegetative state/unresponsive wakefulness state (VS/UWS), 34 in minimally conscious state (MCS) and 10 with severe disability. rs-fMRI data were analyzed with independent component analyses and seed-based analyses, in relation to structural MRI and clinical data. The results showed that VS/UWS had fewer networks than MCS patients and the rs-fMRI activity in each network was decreased. Visual networks were correlated to the clinical status, and in cases where no clinical response occurred, rs-fMRI indicated distinctive networks conveying information in a similar way to other techniques. The information provided by single networks was limited, whereas the four networks together yielded better classification results, particularly when the model included rs-fMRI and structural MRI data (AUC = 0.80). Both quantitative and qualitative rs-fMRI analyses yielded converging results; vascular etiology might confound the results, and disease duration generally reduced the number of networks observed. The lower-order rs-fMRI networks could be used clinically to support and corroborate visual function assessments in DoC.
Earned Value Method (EVM) for Construction Projects: Current Application and Future Projections
Authors: Proaño-Narváez Mayra , Flores-Vázquez Carlos , Vásquez Quiroz Pablo , Avila-Calle Marco
Published: March 2022

The earned value method (EVM) is an internationally known technique for project management that emphasizes the control of project cost performance and duration, thus allowing trends to be identified during execution and warning the project manager of variances that may affect the project so that they can take the necessary corrective measures. In this research, the finished projects of a construction company in the city of Cuenca, Ecuador, were assessed. EVM was applied to projects from a database developed with information from each one to rebuild past events, existing problems, and critical points and evaluate the performance over time. The results of this analysis are meant to determine the project’s success, calculating the cost variance at the end. EVM motivates project stakeholders to pay attention to costs and progress so that timely actions can be taken to optimize resources, resulting in the completion of a project within budget and on time. In conclusion, EVM plays an essential role in the integral management of the project in terms of scope, time, and cost. Moreover, there are now guidelines for applying this method as a control tool in future construction projects.
Compressive Strength Prediction of High-Strength Concrete Using Long Short-Term Memory and Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Chen Honggen , Li Xin , Wu Yanqi , Zuo Le , Lu Mengjie , Zhou Yisong
Published: March 2022

Compressive strength is an important mechanical property of high-strength concrete (HSC), but testing methods are usually uneconomical, time-consuming, and labor-intensive. To this end, in this paper, a long short-term memory (LSTM) model was proposed to predict the HSC compressive strength using 324 data sets with five input independent variables, namely water, cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, and superplasticizer. The prediction results were compared with those of the conventional support vector regression (SVR) model using four metrics, root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and correlation coefficient (R2). The results showed that the prediction accuracy and reliability of LSTM were higher with R2 = 0.997, RMSE = 0.508, MAE = 0.08, and MAPE = 0.653 compared to the evaluation metrics R2 = 0.973, RMSE = 1.595, MAE = 0.312, MAPE = 2.469 of the SVR model. The LSTM model is recommended for the pre-estimation of HSC compressive strength under a given mix ratio before the laboratory compression test. Additionally, the Shapley additive explanations (SHAP)-based approach was performed to analyze the relative importance and contribution of the input variables to the output compressive strength.
Game Theory-Based Framework for Analyzing the Collaborative Dynamic of Tacit Knowledge Sharing and the Choice of Procurement and Contract Types in Mega Construction Projects
Authors: Yoon Jong Han , Pishdad-Bozorgi Pardis
Published: March 2022

In construction projects, owners’ and contractors’ decisions as to whether or not share their tacit knowledge transparently with each other determines the choice of project delivery and contracting methods and their collaborative behaviors in the projects. The dynamic of collaboration is a complex one and is often influenced by the other player’s intent to collaborate. This paper proposes a quantitative framework using game theory to analyze the collaborative dynamic interplay in construction projects. The framework demonstrates that when an owner’s and a contractor’s knowledge leveragability (L) is very high and synergy (S) is enhanced as a result of knowledge sharing in complex construction projects, the Nash equilibrium state lies beneath the Pareto frontier. This means that sharing tacit knowledge transparently about budgets by choosing the best value procurement with GMP or IPD contracts can promote collaboration and provide better payoffs to both stakeholders than not sharing the knowledge by choosing the Design–Bid–Build method using a low-bid procurement in conjunction with a fixed-price contract. This research contributes to the body of knowledge by proposing a theoretical framework that enables both owners and contractors to understand the economics of collaboration in the context of complex projects.
Analytical and Conceptual Perspectives toward Behavioral Elements of Collaborative Delivery Models in Construction Projects
Authors: Moradi Sina , Kähkönen Kalle , Sormunen Piia
Published: March 2022

Collaborative models and working practices have considerably contributed to the evolution of construction project delivery in the last four decades. The promising performance results of construction projects with collaborative delivery models are mostly attributed to their behavioral elements (e.g., mutual trust), which have been frequently mentioned in the literature. However, the interrelationships between these behavioral elements as well as the enablers of these behavioral elements are two knowledge gaps which need to be addressed. Therefore, this study aims to fill the mentioned knowledge gaps by addressing the behavioral elements of collaborative project delivery models from analytical and conceptual perspectives. To do so, a systematic literature review was undertaken by locating 201 relevant studies and reviewing them. This was followed by the thematic analysis of the obtained research data and the development of a model for meeting this study’s objectives. The findings present a model, illustrating the behavioral elements of collaborative delivery models in construction projects, their interrelationships, as well as their enablers. The model reveals that the establishment of equality and mutual respect between project team members is a fundamental step toward mutual trust and open communication. These findings can be insightful for the research community and project professionals interested in collaborative construction project delivery.
Unintended Consequences of Productivity Improvement Strategies on Safety Behaviour of Construction Labourers; A Step toward the Integration of Safety and Productivity
Authors: Ghodrati Nariman , Yiu Tak Wing , Wilkinson Suzanne , Poshdar Mani , Talebi Saeed , Elghaish Faris , Sepasgozar Samad M. E.
Published: March 2022

The construction industry is facing constant pressure to improve its poor safety record and low productivity rate. A significant amount of research has been undertaken to identify the best practices to enhance productivity and safety. Nevertheless, the mainstream research in the field of construction focuses on one of these issues rather than implementing a holistic approach to resolve them. Consequently, the interactions between productivity and safety cannot be fully understood. Recent studies have demonstrated that management strategies and practices for improving labour productivity can trigger a series of unintended consequences that affect safety performance in construction projects. However, the behavioural aspects of these unintended consequences have yet to be investigated. This research addresses the gap by measuring the impacts of seven management strategies for improving labour productivity on the safety behaviour of construction labourers. A total of 191 construction labourers participated in a survey designed based on the Management Strategy Assessment Index (MSAI). The results show that the implemented management strategies for improving labour productivity have a greater impact on shaping safety compliance (SC) behaviours than safety participation (SP) behaviours of labourers. This study took a further step by breaking down the management strategies to their constitutive practices and measuring their impacts on SC and SP, and labour productivity. This paper provides further insight into the complex relationship between the productivity and safety behaviour of construction labourers. The findings can help project managers to improve labour productivity without harming their safety unintentionally.
Evaluation of the Activation Procedure on Oxone Efficiency for Synthetic Olive Mill Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Vaz Telma , Domingues Eva , Gomes João , Martins Rui C.
Published: March 2022

Wastewater from the olive oil industry is an environmental problem which is growing in the Mediterranean region. Presence of phenolic compounds and high organic matter load are characteristics of this effluent that make it difficult to treat. In this study, the applicability of sulfate radical based advanced oxidation processes (SRbAOPs), using peroxymonosulfate (PMS) as oxidant, was evaluated in the treatment of synthetic olive mill wastewater (OMW). Different procedures for PMS activation were studied such as activation by Fe(II), radiation (visible and UV-A) and ultrasounds. The operation conditions were optimized by testing pH values, Fe(II) and PMS loads. At optimal conditions ([PMS] = 1600 mg/L, [Fe2+] = 700 mg/L and pH = 5) 60 ± 2% COD removal was achieved. This process shows to be selective since complete degradation of 3,4,5-trimetoxybenzoic acid was obtained after 3 min of reaction. The addition of light, PMS/LED/Fe(II) and PMS/UV-A/Fe(II), did not increase the efficiency of organic matter removal, with 56 ± 2% and 58 ± 1% of COD removal, respectively, comparatively to PMS/Fe(II) (60 ± 2%). PMS activated by ultrasounds led to 52 ± 3% and 23 ± 2% removal of phenolic compounds and COD, respectively, after 60 min. Toxicity tests using Lepidium sativum showed that treatment with PMS/UV-A led to a treated sample with mild inhibition of plant growth.
Dual Effects of Korean Red Ginseng on Astrocytes and Neural Stem Cells in Traumatic Brain Injury: The HO-1–Tom20 Axis as a Putative Target for Mitochondrial Function
Authors: Kim Minsu , Moon Sunhong , Jeon Hui Su , Kim Sueun , Koh Seong-Ho , Chang Mi-Sook , Kim Young-Myeong , Choi Yoon Kyung
Published: March 2022

Astrocytes display regenerative potential in pathophysiologic conditions. In our previous study, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) promoted astrocytic mitochondrial functions in mice via the peroxisome-proliferator-activating receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) pathway on administering Korean red ginseng extract (KRGE) after traumatic brain injury (TBI). In this study, KRGE promoted astrocytic mitochondrial functions, assessed with oxygen consumption and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, which could be regulated by the translocase of the outer membrane of mitochondria 20 (Tom20) pathway with a PGC-1α-independent pathway. The HO-1–Tom20 axis induced an increase in mitochondrial functions, detected with cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 and cytochrome c. HO-1 crosstalk with nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase was concomitant with the upregulated nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)/NADH ratio, thereby upregulating NAD-dependent class I sirtuins. In adult neural stem cells (NSCs), KRGE-treated, astrocyte-conditioned media increased oxygen consumption and Tom20 levels through astrocyte-derived HO-1. HO inactivation by Sn(IV) protoporphyrin IX dichloride in TBI mice administered KRGE decreased neuronal markers, together with Tom20. Thus, astrocytic HO-1 induced astrocytic mitochondrial functions. HO-1-related, astrocyte-derived factors may also induce neuronal differentiation and mitochondrial functions of adult NSCs after TBI. KRGE-mediated astrocytic HO-1 induction may have a key role in repairing neurovascular function post-TBI in peri-injured regions by boosting astrocytic and NSC mitochondrial functions.
PTH-Induced Bone Regeneration and Vascular Modulation Are Both Dependent on Endothelial Signaling
Authors: Cohn-Schwartz Doron , Schary Yeshai , Yalon Eran , Krut Zoe , Da Xiaoyu , Schwarz Edward M. , Gazit Dan , Pelled Gadi , Gazit Zulma
Published: March 2022

The use of a bone allograft presents a promising approach for healing nonunion fractures. We have previously reported that parathyroid hormone (PTH) therapy induced allograft integration while modulating angiogenesis at the allograft proximity. Here, we hypothesize that PTH-induced vascular modulation and the osteogenic effect of PTH are both dependent on endothelial PTH receptor-1 (PTHR1) signaling. To evaluate our hypothesis, we used multiple transgenic mouse lines, and their wild-type counterparts as a control. In addition to endothelial-specific PTHR1 knock-out mice, we used mice in which PTHR1 was engineered to be constitutively active in collagen-1α+ osteoblasts, to assess the effect of PTH signaling activation exclusively in osteoprogenitors. To characterize resident cell recruitment and osteogenic activity, mice in which the Luciferase reporter gene is expressed under the Osteocalcin promoter (Oc-Luc) were used. Mice were implanted with calvarial allografts and treated with either PTH or PBS. A micro-computed tomography-based structural analysis indicated that the induction of bone formation by PTH, as observed in wild-type animals, was not maintained when PTHR1 was removed from endothelial cells. Furthermore, the induction of PTH signaling exclusively in osteoblasts resulted in significantly less bone formation compared to systemic PTH treatment, and significantly less osteogenic activity was measured by bioluminescence imaging of the Oc-Luc mice. Deletion of the endothelial PTHR1 significantly decreased the PTH-induced formation of narrow blood vessels, formerly demonstrated in wild-type mice. However, the exclusive activation of PTH signaling in osteoblasts was sufficient to re-establish the observed PTH effect. Collectively, our results show that endothelial PTHR1 signaling plays a key role in PTH-induced osteogenesis and has implications in angiogenesis.
Androgen Receptor-Mediated Transcription in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Özturan Doğancan , Morova Tunç , Lack Nathan A.
Published: March 2022

Androgen receptor (AR)-mediated transcription is critical in almost all stages of prostate cancer (PCa) growth and differentiation. This process involves a complex interplay of coregulatory proteins, chromatin remodeling complexes, and other transcription factors that work with AR at cis-regulatory enhancer regions to induce the spatiotemporal transcription of target genes. This enhancer-driven mechanism is remarkably dynamic and undergoes significant alterations during PCa progression. In this review, we discuss the AR mechanism of action in PCa with a focus on how cis-regulatory elements modulate gene expression. We explore emerging evidence of genetic variants that can impact AR regulatory regions and alter gene transcription in PCa. Finally, we highlight several outstanding questions and discuss potential mechanisms of this critical transcription factor.
Machine Learning-Driven Multiobjective Optimization: An Opportunity of Microfluidic Platforms Applied in Cancer Research
Authors: Liu Yi , Li Sijing , Liu Yaling
Published: March 2022

Cancer metastasis is one of the primary reasons for cancer-related fatalities. Despite the achievements of cancer research with microfluidic platforms, understanding the interplay of multiple factors when it comes to cancer cells is still a great challenge. Crosstalk and causality of different factors in pathogenesis are two important areas in need of further research. With the assistance of machine learning, microfluidic platforms can reach a higher level of detection and classification of cancer metastasis. This article reviews the development history of microfluidics used for cancer research and summarizes how the utilization of machine learning benefits cancer studies, particularly in biomarker detection, wherein causality analysis is useful. To optimize microfluidic platforms, researchers are encouraged to use causality analysis when detecting biomarkers, analyzing tumor microenvironments, choosing materials, and designing structures.
Development and Validation of a Prediction Model for the Treatment Time of Deformational Head Shapes Using a Cranial Remolding Orthosis
Authors: Graham Tiffany , Wang Jijia
Published: March 2022

The cranial remolding orthosis (CRO) has been shown in previous studies to be an effective method of treatment for deformational head shapes. Many studies have shown younger infants achieve greater correction than older infants and generally have a shorter treatment duration. The goal of this study is to develop and validate a prediction equation for the maximum treatment time for deformational head shapes when utilizing a CRO. This retrospective study included subjects with deformational plagiocephaly (DP), deformational brachycephaly (DB), or deformational asymmetrical brachycephaly (DAB) who began CRO treatment between 3 and 18 months of gestational age. Prediction models were derived from 1250 subjects with DP, DB, and DAB and the validation used data from 210 different subjects. Actual treatment time was less than or equal to predicted treatment time in 85.19% (DP), 56.67% (DB), and 75.40% (DAB) of the cases when rounding the prediction up to the nearest month. The prediction equation has moderate accuracy for predicting the likely maximum amount of CRO treatment time for patients with DP, DB, and DAB and may be used clinically to give caregivers an estimated treatment duration for a patient who is indicated for a CRO, if treatment was initiated immediately.
Advanced Brain Imaging in Preterm Infants: A Narrative Review of Microstructural and Connectomic Disruption
Authors: Vo Van Philippe , Alison Marianne , Morel Baptiste , Beck Jonathan , Bednarek Nathalie , Hertz-Pannier Lucie , Loron Gauthier
Published: March 2022

Preterm birth disrupts the in utero environment, preventing the brain from fully developing, thereby causing later cognitive and behavioral disorders. Such cerebral alteration occurs beneath an anatomical scale, and is therefore undetectable by conventional imagery. Prematurity impairs the microstructure and thus the histological process responsible for the maturation, including the myelination. Cerebral MRI diffusion tensor imaging sequences, based on water’s motion into the brain, allows a representation of this maturation process. Similarly, the brain’s connections become disorganized. The connectome gathers structural and anatomical white matter fibers, as well as functional networks referring to remote brain regions connected one over another. Structural and functional connectivity is illustrated by tractography and functional MRI, respectively. Their organizations consist of core nodes connected by edges. This basic distribution is already established in the fetal brain. It evolves greatly over time but is compromised by prematurity. Finally, cerebral plasticity is nurtured by a lifetime experience at microstructural and macrostructural scales. A preterm birth causes a negative and early disruption, though it can be partly mitigated by positive stimuli based on developmental neonatal care.
Healthcare Professionals’ Attitudes toward Rapid Whole Genome Sequencing in Pediatric Acute Care
Authors: Franck Linda S. , Scheurer-Monaghan Andrea , Bupp Caleb P. , Fakhoury Joseph D. , Hoffmann Thomas J. , Deshpandey Manasi , Arenchild Madison , Dimmock David P.
Published: March 2022

We aimed to characterize knowledge and attitudes about rapid whole genome sequencing (rWGS) implementation of a broad constituency of healthcare professionals at hospitals participating in a statewide initiative to implement rWGS for hospitalized neonates and children up to 18 years of age meeting clinical criteria for testing. We surveyed 307 healthcare professionals from eight hospitals about their knowledge and attitudes regarding rWGS. We examined survey internal reliability using exploratory factor analysis and associations between respondent characteristics and attitudes toward rWGS with linear regression. We thematically analyzed free-text responses. Views about rWGS implementation in respondents’ own setting and respondents’ personal capability to implement rWGS were generally neutral (M = 3.44 (SD = 0.74); M = 3.30 (SD = 0.85), respectively). Views about the potential for rWGS in clinical practice were overall positive (M = 4.12 (SD = 0.57)). The degree of positivity of attitudes about rWGS was strongly influenced by perceived knowledge, clinical or non-clinical role, concerns about future insurance coverage for rWGS as a first-tier test, and future adverse impact of genomics health information on patients or families. We identified several actionable factors influencing attitudes toward rWGS of pediatric healthcare professionals. Expanded education and ongoing implementation research are needed for the full potential of rWGS in pediatrics to be realized.
The Multilevel Pathway in MSTs for the Evaluation and Treatment of Parents and Minor Victims of ACEs: Qualitative Analysis of the Intervention Protocol
Authors: Carpinelli Luna , D’Elia Daniela , Savarese Giulia
Published: March 2022

Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may be an important risk factor for the onset of developmental psychopathological disorders. Families involved in ACEs are often the subject of social or welfare policies aimed solely at the victim, without a proper consideration of family functionality. Methods: We describe the results of an Italian intervention project, which aimed to reinforce both the local networking of the Campania region, and the skills of the operators involved in actions to prevent and combat ACEs. The project was characterized by different phases and two actions, namely: (1) diagnosis and therapy aimed at child victims of ACEs and their families; (2) supervision of the operators of the multidisciplinary specialized teams (MSTs). Results: 99% of the cases under review were characterized by intra-family violence; 34% suffered psychological abuse, 33% neglect, 23% inappropriate care, 4% sexual abuse, 3% excessive care and 3% physical abuse. Conclusions: Thanks to the interventions carried out, severe and chronic ACE situations were recognized, and processes of de-institutionalization and the construction of life projects were carried out in accordance with the territorial services. This offered child victims and their families an opportunity to restore the conditions of well-being, both for the growth of the individual and the family system.
Are Pedobarographic and Gait Analyses Useful Tools to Evaluate Outcomes of Anterograde Calcaneo-Stop Procedure in Pediatric Symptomatic Flexible Flatfoot?
Authors: Dibello Daniela , Di Carlo Valentina , Pederiva Federica
Published: March 2022

Background: Flexible flatfoot is a frequent condition in childhood that needs to be treated when symptomatic. The aim of this study was to analyze pedobarographic and gait outcomes of patients with painful flexible flatfoot who underwent the anterograde calcaneo-stop procedure. Methods: All patients scheduled for surgical correction of painful flexible flatfoot between April and September 2011 were offered to participate in a study of dynamic pedobarographic and gait analyses before surgery and 3, 12, and 24 months after surgery. A healthy control group of similar age and physical characteristics also underwent dynamic pedobarographic and gait analyses. Results: Fifteen patients accepted to undergo dynamic pedobarography and gait analyses. The data were compared with fifteen controls of similar age and BMI. No significant differences were found on dynamic pedobarography within patients at different endpoints, except for a decreased percentage of plantigrade phase and increased percentage of digitigrade phase at 12 months post-op in comparison with 3 months post-op, nor when compared with control. Similarly, when range of motion was taken into consideration, no significant differences were found within patients at different endpoints, nor when compared with control, except for a decrease in ankle joint range of motion 24 months post-op in comparison with the controls. The stride was significantly decreased before surgery and became like controls 24 months after the procedure. The cadence, significantly decreased 24 months after surgery in comparison with the pre-surgical set, was similar to the controls. No significant differences were seen in the walking speed within patients at different endpoints and the controls. The cycle time significantly increased 24 months after surgery when compared to the pre-op situation, and was similar to the controls. Conclusion: Dynamic pedobarographic and gait analyses were useful not only to identify the gait impairment in patients with symptomatic flexible flatfoot, but also to measure the treatment outcome through the analysis of the surgery’s impact on the gait quality.
Do We Drop the Ball When We Measure Ball Skills Using Standardized Motor Performance Tests?
Authors: Smits-Engelsman Bouwien , Jelsma Dorothee , Coetzee Dané
Published: March 2022

Background: Ball skill performance changes over time during childhood and depends on the child’s physical and psychological characteristics, environmental opportunities, and task constraints. The aim of this study was to examine whether different standardized ball skill-items measure similar constructs and whether results differentiate among age groups. Methods: A total of 250 children (6–10 years) were administered the Movement Assessment Battery for children second edition (MABC-2), the subtest upper-limb coordination of the Bruininks–Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency second edition (BOT-2), the tennis ball throw of the Fitness Test Battery (FTB), and the ball skills and overhead throw of the Performance and Fitness test (PERF-FIT). Results: Correlations among scores of BOT-2, FTB, and PERF-FIT ranged from fair to moderate, but correlations were low with the MABC-2. Principal component analysis retrieved three components: the first component contained catch, dribble, bounce, and throw items (MABC-2, BOT-2-SF, and PERF-FIT, respectively); the second contained throwing for distance (PERF-FIT and FTB); the third contained aiming (MABC-2). Most ball skill scores differed significantly between 6–7 and 7–8 years, but less between 8–9 years; the PERF-FIT discriminated best between age groups. Conclusion: Most ball skill items in motor tests belong to a comparable construct containing throw, dribble, bounce, and catch skills. However, aiming tasks belong to a separate category. Additionally, throwing for distance is a task that requires predominantly explosive power.
The Selective Agonist for Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptors Siponimod Increases the Expression Level of NR4A Genes in Microglia Cell Line
Authors: Montarolo Francesca , Martire Serena , Marnetto Fabiana , Valentino Paola , Valverde Sabdi , Capobianco Marco Alfonso , Bertolotto Antonio
Published: March 2022

Fingolimod (FTY720) and siponimod (BAF312) are selective agonists for sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptors approved for the treatment of relapsing–remitting (RR) and secondary progressive (SP) multiple sclerosis (MS), respectively. BAF312 exerts pro-myelination and neuro-protective functions on CNS resident cells, although the underlying molecular mechanism is not yet fully understood. NR4A2 is an anti-inflammatory gene, belonging to the NR4A family, whose expression is reduced in blood from treatment-naïve patients with RRMS, but is restored in patients treated with FTY720 for more than two years. We performed an in vitro study to investigate the potential involvement of the NR4A genes in the protective and restorative effects of BAF312. We showed that BAF312 enhances the expression of NR4A1 and NR4A2 in the N9 microglial cell line, but has no effect in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells and oligodendrocytes. This study suggests a novel molecular mechanism of action for the selective agonists for S1P receptors within the CNS.
Design and Molding of Thyroid Cartilage Prosthesis Based on 3D Printing Technology
Authors: Zhang Guoqing , Li Junxin , Zhang Chengguang , Wang Anmin
Published: March 2022

The modeling efficiency, matching, and biocompatibility are key factors affecting the surgical success of a personalized thyroid cartilage prosthesis. We performed three-dimensional reconstruction of a thyroid cartilage prosthesis by combining reverse and forward methods, and then completed the prosthesis design with total or partial resection using a parametric modeling method. Direct manufacturing was performed using selective laser melting (SLM) molding equipment and TC4 material. The structure of the completed implant unit was optimized. The results show good modeling effects for the thyroid cartilage prosthesis with either total or partial resection by the parametric modeling method. Good matching performance was achieved, with overlap suspension between the pillars that meets the requirements of SLM manufacturing. Additionally, the use of SLM molding to produce the thyroid cartilage prosthesis resulted in less powder adhesion on the surface and no obvious nodulation between the porous pillars, allowing the direct use of the prothesis after simple post-treatment. Overall, these results should facilitate the direct application of personalized implants.
Effect of CeO2 Content on Microstructure and Properties of Ni-Based Tungsten Carbide Layer by Plasma Arc Cladding
Authors: Pu Juan , Sun Yu-Bo , Wu Lei , He Peng , Long Wei-Min
Published: March 2022

A Ce-containing Ni-based tungsten carbide layer was prepared on the surface of Q345 steel by plasma arc cladding technology. The effect of CeO2 additions on the microstructure and properties of the Ni-based tungsten carbide cladding layer was investigated. The results showed that the Ni-based tungsten carbide cladding layer had no pores and cracks and that their microstructural composition remained unchanged with CeO2 in the powder. After adding CeO2 into the powder, Ce atoms were absorbed on the surface of tungsten carbide particles to promote their dissolution and spheroidization. The preferentially formed high-melting-point Ce2O3 acted as a nucleating agent to induce the formation and dispersion of carbides. The shape of carbide particles changed from an irregular shape to a spherical shape. When the content of CeO2 was less than 0.2 wt.%, with the increase of CeO2 additions, the microstructure was refined. Meanwhile, the hardness and wear resistance of Ni-based tungsten carbide cladding layer increased. When the content of CeO2 was 0.2 wt.%, the refinement effect of CeO2 on the microstructure reached an optimum value, and the hardness value reached the maximum of 1139 HV10. Moreover the wear resistance was the best. This was attributed to the dispersion strengthening of undissolved tungsten carbide particles, the solid solution strengthening of Ni-based solid solution, and the precipitation strengthening of carbides. However, as the content of CeO2 exceeded 0.2 wt.%, excessive CeO2 increased the viscosity of the solution, resulting in component segregation. Thus, the refinement and spheroidization action of CeO2 weakened, and irregular-shaped carbides appeared again. The hardness and wear resistance of the Ni-based tungsten carbide cladding layer obviously decreased. Ce-containing Ni-based tungsten carbide layer can be widely used in deep-sea mining and other fields due to its high hardness and wear resistance.
Study of the Effects of Cu/Cu-Zn Alloy Components Adjacent to Wood in Historic Architecture: Surface Performance Changes by Artificial Wood Degradation
Authors: Zhou Yishan , Matsui Toshiya , Obataya Eiichi , Li Li
Published: March 2022

Here, we investigated the wood-whitening phenomenon adjacent to metal components that are commonly observed in Japanese historic architectures. The higher detection of Cu/Zn elements and fine particles of copper/zinc oxalate hydrate in whitened wood has been verified in a previous field investigation. In order to explore the related cause of this phenomenon, this study established model experiments to evaluate some surface performance changes of wood plate samples with impregnated Cu(II)/Zn(II) contents under artificial degradation. The evaluation included the following: (1) the state of metal oxalates in the wood tissue; (2) the mechanical performance of the resistance to the external forces; and (3) the colour change of the wood surface. As the result, the accumulation of metal oxalates and their growth in particle sizes were confirmed in samples containing metal, in particular those with a higher Cu(II) content, regardless of wood species. Meanwhile, this metal-involved degradation could introduce the risk of embrittlement of wood ahead of the occurrence of visible whitening discolouration.
Study on the Visualization of Transport and Crystallization of Salt Solution in Simulated Wall Painting
Authors: Yu Wendi , Yang Lu , Zhao Jing , Luo Hongjie
Published: March 2022

The transport and crystallization processes of chromogenic 5.0% CuSO4 solution in the supporting body and coarse plaster of simulated wall painting samples were observed. A scanning electron microscope a and self-designed double-layer surface contact internal pressure method were used to test, respectively, the micro-morphologies of salt crystals in different regions and the micro-forces on the contact surfaces during the spread and crystallization of water and salt solution. The results demonstrate that the salt crystals formed by the CuSO4 solution on the surface of the simulated wall painting showed two different shapes: a salt belt formed by clustered crystals, and a layer of salt crust. The difference was speculated to be related to the crystals’ growth conditions. The destructive effect of salt solution and salt crystals on wall paintings manifested itself by weakening the connectivity between different materials, and changing the volume and morphology of the wall paintings. Using the double-layer surface contact internal pressure method, the forces generated by the salt solution and salt crystals on the simulated wall paintings were demonstrated to be adsorption force, expansion force generated by the crystals’ precipitation and growth, and suction force resulting from water loss and the shrinkage of crystals. The expansion force and suction force were not in a stable state, resulting in the contact surfaces continuously bending and stretching. Compared with pure water, salt solution can aggravate damage to the stability of wall paintings. This analysis of the transport, crystallization and micro-forces of a chromogenic salt solution in simulated wall painting samples can provide a scientific basis for studying the general patterns of damage caused by soluble salt to wall paintings during its transport and crystallization, and provide insight that can further the protection of cultural relics.
Posterior Fossa Tumours in the First Year of Life: A Two-Centre Retrospective Study
Authors: Picariello Stefania , Spennato Pietro , Roth Jonathan , Shimony Nir , Marini Alessandra , De Martino Lucia , Nicosia Giancarlo , Mirone Giuseppe , De Santi Maria Serena , Savoia Fabio , Errico Maria Elena , Quaglietta Lucia , Costantini Shlomi , Cinalli Giuseppe
Published: March 2022

Posterior fossa tumours (PFTs) in infants are very rare, and information on these tumours is scarce in the literature. This retrospective study reports their pathological characteristics and describes surgical aspects and treatment outcomes. A two-centre cohort of infants with PFTs treated from 2007 to 2018 was retrospectively reviewed. Patient characteristics, clinical, and treatment data were reviewed. Survival curves for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were generated. Thirty-three infants were retrieved. There were 11 low grade and 22 high-grade tumours. The most common presenting symptom was intracranial hypertension. Fifteen children out of thirty-three progressed. Five-year PFS was significantly lower in children with high-grade tumours (38.3%) than those with low-grade tumours (69.3%), p = 0.030. High-grade pathology was the only predictor of progression (HR 3.7, 95% CI 1.1–13.31), p = 0.045. Fourteen children with high-grade tumours died, with a 5-year OS of 55.25%. PFTs in children below one year of age still represent a unique challenge. Infants with high-grade tumours display the worst outcomes and the lowest survival, indicating that more effective strategies are needed.
An Experimental Apparatus for Icing Tests of Low Altitude Hovering Drones
Authors: Villeneuve Eric , Samad Abdallah , Volat Christophe , Béland Mathieu , Lapalme Maxime
Published: March 2022

The icing facilities of the Anti-Icing Materials International Laboratory AMIL have been adapted to reproduce icing conditions on a Bell APT70 drone rotor, typical of small-to-medium UAV models. As part of an extensive icing test campaign, this paper presents the design and preliminary testing of the experimental setup and representative icing conditions calibration in the laboratory’s cold chamber. The drone rotor used has four blades with a diameter of 0.66 m and a maximum tip speed of 208 m/s. For the icing conditions, freezing rain and freezing drizzle were selected. A Liquid Water Content (LWC) calculation methodology for a rotor in hover was developed, and procedures to determine experimental LWC in the facility are presented in this paper. For the test setup, the cold chamber test section was adapted to fit the rotor and to control its ground clearance. Testing was aimed at studying the effect of rotor height h on aerodynamic performance, both with and without icing conditions. Results show no significant effect on the ground effect between h = 2 m and h = 4 m in dry runs, while the icing behavior can be largely influenced for certain conditions by the proximity of the precipitation source, which depend on the height of the rotor in these experiments.
Preface for the Special Issue “Trends in Educational Gamification: Challenges and Learning Opportunities”
Authors: Piñero Charlo José Carlos , Belova Nadja , Quevedo Gutiérrez Eduardo , Zapatera Llinares Alberto , Arboleya-García Elena , Swacha Jakub , López-Serentill Paula , Carmona-Medeiro Enrique
Published: March 2022

Readers of the journal Education Sciences probably agree that playing games comes naturally—we all know how to play some game—however, because of the complexity of gaming, it is almost exclusively limited to mammals with regard to all animals: almost 80% of mammals use some sort of game for learning [...]