bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sequences Encoding a Novel Toursvirus Identified from Southern and Northern Corn Rootworms (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Authors: Liu Sijun , Sappington Thomas W. , Coates Brad S. , Bonning Bryony C.
Published: February 2022

Sequences derived from a novel toursvirus were identified from pooled genomic short read data from U.S. populations of southern corn rootworm (SCR, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber) and northern corn rootworm (NCR, Diabrotica barberi Smith & Lawrence). Most viral sequences were identified from the SCR genomic dataset. As proteins encoded by toursvirus sequences from SCR and NCR were almost identical, the contig sets from SCR and NCR were combined to generate 26 contigs. A total of 108,176 bp were assembled from these contigs, with 120 putative toursviral ORFs identified indicating that most of the viral genome had been recovered. These ORFs included all 40 genes that are common to members of the Ascoviridae. Two genes typically present in Ascoviridae (ATP binding cassette transport system permeases and Baculovirus repeated open reading frame), were not detected. There was evidence for transposon insertion in viral sequences at different sites in the two host species. Phylogenetic analyses based on a concatenated set of 45 translated protein sequences clustered toursviruses into a distinct clade. Based on the combined evidence, we propose taxonomic separation of toursviruses from Ascoviridae.
Identification of Cryptic Promoter Activity in cDNA Sequences Corresponding to PRRSV 5′ Untranslated Region and Transcription Regulatory Sequences
Authors: Chaudhari Jayeshbhai , Nguyen The Nhu , Vu Hiep L. X.
Published: February 2022

To investigate the role of PRRSV nonstructural proteins (nsps) in viral RNA replication and transcription, we generated a cDNA clone of PRRSV strain NCV1 carrying the nanoluciferase (nluc) gene under the control of the transcription regulatory sequence 6 (TRS6) designated as pNCV1-Nluc. Cells transfected with the pNCV1-Nluc DNA plasmid produced an infectious virus and high levels of luciferase activity. Interestingly, cells transfected with mutant pNCV1-Nluc constructs carrying deletions in nsp7 or nsp9 regions also exhibited luciferase activity, although no infectious virus was produced. Further investigation revealed that the cDNA sequences corresponding to the PRRSV 5′ untranslated region (UTR) and TRS, when cloned upstream of the reporter gene nluc, were able to drive the expression of the reporter genes in the transfected cells. Luciferase signals from cells transfected with a reporter plasmid carrying PRRSV 5′ UTR or TRS sequences upstream of nluc were in the range of 6- to 10-fold higher compared to cells transfected with an empty plasmid carrying nluc only. The results suggest that PRRSV 5′ UTR and TRS-B in their cDNA forms possess cryptic eukaryotic promoter activity.
mRNA Vaccine Development for Emerging Animal and Zoonotic Diseases
Authors: Le Ting , Sun Chao , Chang Jitao , Zhang Guijie , Yin Xin
Published: February 2022

In the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, mRNA vaccines hold great promise because of their low risk of insertional mutagenesis, high potency, accelerated development cycles, and potential for low-cost manufacture. In past years, several mRNA vaccines have entered clinical trials and have shown promise for offering solutions to combat emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases such as rabies, Zika, and influenza. Recently, the successful application of mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 has further validated the platform and opened the floodgates to mRNA vaccine’s potential in infectious disease prevention, especially in the veterinary field. In this review, we describe our current understanding of the mRNA vaccines and the technologies used for mRNA vaccine development. We also provide an overview of mRNA vaccines developed for animal infectious diseases and discuss directions and challenges for the future applications of this promising vaccine platform in the veterinary field.
Influenza Vaccination Uptake in the General Italian Population during the 2020–2021 Flu Season: Data from the EPICOVID-19 Online Web-Based Survey
Authors: Giacomelli Andrea , Galli Massimo , Maggi Stefania , Noale Marianna , Trevisan Caterina , Pagani Gabriele , Antonelli-Incalzi Raffaele , Molinaro Sabrina , Bastiani Luca , Cori Liliana , Bianchi Fabrizio , Jesuthasan Nithiya , Prinelli Federica , Adorni Fulvio
Published: February 2022

To assess influenza vaccine uptake during the 2020/2021 flu season and compare it with that of the 2019/2020 flu season among respondents to the second phase of the web-based EPICOVID-19 survey, we performed an observational web-based nationwide online survey (January–February 2021) in which respondents to the first survey (April–June 2020) were contacted and asked to complete a second questionnaire. Factors associated with vaccine uptake in the 2020/2021 flu season were assessed by applying a multivariable multinomial logistic regression model. Out of the 198,822 respondents to the first survey, 41,473 (20.9%) agreed to fill out the follow-up questionnaire; of these, 8339 (20.1%) were vaccinated only during the 2020/2021 season, 8828 (21.3%) were vaccinated during both seasons and 22,710 (54.8%) were vaccinated in neither season. Educational level (medium (aOR 1.33 95%CI 1.13–1.56) and high (aOR 1.69 95%CI 1.44–1.97) vs. low) and socio-economic deprivation according to SES scoring (1 point aOR 0.83 (95%CI 0.78–0.89), 2 aOR 0.68 (95%CI 0.60–0.77) points or ≥3 points aOR 0.42 (95%CI 0.28–0.45) vs. 0 points) were found to be associated with flu vaccine uptake. Our study shows that social determinants seemed to affect flu vaccination uptake and identifies specific categories of the population to target during future influenza vaccination campaigns.
E4orf1 Suppresses E1B-Deleted Adenovirus Vaccine-Induced Immune Responses
Authors: Sangare Kotou , Helmold Hait Sabrina , Moore Madison , Hogge Christopher , Hoang Tanya , Rahman Mohammad Arif , Venzon David J. , LaBranche Celia , Montefiori David , Robert-Guroff Marjorie , Thomas Michael A.
Published: February 2022

As demonstrated by the recent COVID pandemic, vaccines can reduce the burden arising from infectious agents. Adenoviruses (Ads) with deletion of the early region 1B55K (ΔE1B Ad) are currently being explored for use in vaccine delivery. ΔE1B Ads are different from Ads with deletions in early region 1 and early region 3 (ΔE1/E3) used in most Ad vaccine vectors in that they contain the Ad early region 1A (E1A), and therefore the ability to replicate. Common to almost all Ads that are being explored for clinical use is the Ad early region 4 (E4). Among the E4 genes is open reading frame 1 (E4orf1), which mediates signals through the PI3-kinase/Akt pathway that is known to modulate immune responses. This suggests that E4orf1 might also modulate immune responses, although it has remained unexplored in ΔE1B Ad. Here, we show that cells infected with an E1B55K and E4orf1-deleted (ΔE41) Ad exhibited reduced levels of phosphorylated Akt (Ser473 and Thr308)) and expressed different intrinsic innate immune cytokines from those induced in cells infected with an E4orf1-containing, ΔE1B parental Ad that exhibited elevated levels of phosphorylated Akt. Rhesus macaques immunized with a ΔE41 Ad that expressed rhFLSC (HIV-1BaL gp120 linked to rhesus CD4 D1 and D2), exhibited higher levels of rhFLSC-specific interferon γ-producing memory T-cells, higher titers of rhFLSC-specific IgG1 binding antibody in serum, and antibodies able to mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) with greater killing capacity than the ΔE1B Ad. Therefore, E4orf1, perhaps by acting through the PI3-kinase/Akt pathway, limits intrinsic innate and system-wide adaptive immune responses that are important for improved ΔE1B Ad-based vaccines.
Different Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19 in Two Healthcare Workers Vaccinated with BNT162b2 Vaccine, Infected with the Same Viral Variant but with Different Predisposing Conditions for the Progression of the Disease
Authors: Alessio Loredana , Pisaturo Mariantonietta , Russo Antonio , Onorato Lorenzo , Starace Mario , Atripaldi Luigi , Coppola Nicola
Published: February 2022

Safe and effective vaccines are available to face the global threat of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this article, we report on the clinical cases of two healthcare workers vaccinated with two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine who were infected by the same viral clade but had different clinical outcomes.
First Report of Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Felid Herpesvirus-1 from Symptomatic Domestic Cats in Egypt
Authors: Magouz Asmaa , Lokman Maha S. , Albrakati Ashraf , Elmahallawy Ehab Kotb
Published: February 2022

Feline herpesvirus 1 (FHV-1) is one of the main causes of upper respiratory tract infection in cats. Despite its veterinary importance, no previous studies investigated the occurrence of this virus in Egypt. In the present work, a total number of one hundred forty (N = 140) conjunctival and/or oropharyngeal swabs were collected from symptomatic cats during veterinary clinic visits located in two Egyptian provinces. Virus isolation was performed in the Chorioallantoic membranes (CAMs) of 12-days-old SPF eggs. Interestingly, the embryos showed stunting growth and abnormal feathering and infected CAMs showed edematous thickening and cloudiness with characteristic white opaque pock lesions. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the thymidine kinase gene (TK) was successful in 16/140 (11.4%) of the suspected cases. Two of the amplified genes were sequenced and the TK gene sequences of the FHV-1 isolates were highly similar to other reference strains in the GenBank database. Given the above information, the present study represents the first report of feline herpesvirus type 1 (FHV-1) in domestic cats in Egypt. Further studies on the causes of upper respiratory tract infections in cats as well as vaccine efficacy are needed.
Pretreatment of Rubber Additives Processing Wastewater by Aluminum–Carbon Micro-Electrolysis Process: Process Optimization and Mechanism Analysis
Authors: Zhu Ling , Huang Daikuan , Du Hao
Published: February 2022

The pretreatment of rubber additives processing wastewater was performed by Al/AC micro-electrolysis (ME). The single-factor experiments for the removal of COD and chroma were investigated. The Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was also applied to optimize the experimental conditions, and the fitted response surface model supplied highly significant quadratic models for the process. The COD removal efficiency reached 51.6% at an initial pH of 9.8, Al scrap dosage of 98.6 g L−1, Al/AC mass ratio of 0.26, and reaction time of 176 min, which was reasonably consistent with the predicated value of 51.9%. Moreover, we proposed a reaction mechanism of the process for the degradation of organic contaminants, and found that the removal of COD and chroma were mainly ascribed to the combination of active hydrogen [H] with strong chemical reactivity and flocculation of aluminum hydroxide. All these results showed that Al/AC ME is a promising pretreatment technique for this wastewater.
Systematic Application of Sponge City Facilities at Community Scale Based on SWMM
Authors: Jiang Yu , Qiu Ling , Gao Tian , Zhang Shuoxin
Published: February 2022

In the context of global climate change, many countries have taken corresponding measures to cope with the stormwater problems in urbanization. The Chinese government introduced the concept of Sponge City to improve the urban water ecological security, which is a systematic project. Taking the urban community as our research object, we studied the combination application of LID (low-impact development) measures and retention ponds in the community and then discussed the practicability of the systematic application of Sponge City facilities in the construction of community drainage systems. There are four simulation scenarios in SWMM (stormwater management model): traditional drainage scenario, LID scenario, retention pond scenario, and LID-retention pond scenario. By comparing the effects of different facilities on runoff and outflow under the six return periods of 1a, 2a, 5a, 10a, 20a, and 50a, we find that LID measures have evident effects on runoff and outflow reduction. Still, they are greatly affected by the return period. The retention pond has no noticeable impact on runoff, but it reduces the peak value of outflow and is less affected by the return period. The combination of LID and retention pond can combine their advantages, reduce the peak flow rate of the site stably and relieve the pressure of the urban drainage system. This study provides a basis for the graded implementation of Sponge City, especially for community-scale rainwater regulation.
Preservation of facial nerve function after resection of vestibular schwannoma
Authors:   yrgyz State Medical Academy named after I.K. Akhunbaev, Kyrgyz Academy of Sciences, Yrysov Keneshbek Bakirbaevich , Mamytov Mitalip Mamytovich ,   Kyrgyz State Medical Academy named after I.K. Akhunbaev, Kyrgyz Academy of Sciences, Kadyrov Ruslan Mannafovich ,   Kyrgyz State Medical Academy named after I.K. Akhunbae, Altynbek Turabyevich Shamshiev Altynbek Turabyevich Shamshiev ,   Kyrgyz State Medical Academy named after I.K. Akhunbaev, Tuibaev Azamat Zairovich ,   Kyrgyz State Medical Academy named after I.K. Akhunbaev
Published: February 2022

The objective of this study was to provide a comprehensive assessment of reported outcomes for facial nerve preservation after vestibular schwannoma surgery. Most data regarding facial nerve function in patients undergoing microsurgical resection of vestibular schwannomas predominantly include series performed at a single institution. In an effort to minimise individual surgeon or institutional bias, we performed an analysis of the published literature on facial nerve outcomes following microsurgical resection of vestibular schwannomas. Materials and methods. We identified a total of 296 studies involving over 25,000 patients that included outcome data for facial nerve function of vestibular schwannoma patients treated surgically. Data regarding surgical approach, tumour size, patient age, and use of intra-operative monitoring were extracted and correlated with facial nerve function after surgery. Patients with preoperative facial nerve dysfunction (House-Brackmann score III or higher) were excluded and ‘facial nerve preservation’ was defined as grade I or II House-Brackmann function at last follow-up visit. Results. A total of 79 articles reporting on 11,873 patients met our inclusion criteria contributing to our analysis. Patients treated with the middle cranial fossa approach had a trend towards higher overall facial nerve preservation rate (85 %), compared to the translabyrinthine approach (81 %, p = 0.07), and did statistically better than the retrosigmoid approach (78 %, p < 0.0001). Patients with an average tumour size < 20 mm had significantly improved facial nerve preservation rates, compared to larger tumours (90 % vs. 67 %, p < 0.0001). Patients under 65 years of age had a lower facial nerve preservation rate (71 % vs. 84 %, p < 0.001). Finally, the use of intra-operative monitoring improved the facial nerve preservation rate (76 % vs. 71 %, p < 0.001). Conclusion. Factors that appear to be associated with facial nerve preservation after microsurgical resection of a vestibular schwannoma include tumour size <20 mm, use of the middle fossa approach and use of neuromonitoring during surgery. These data provide a summary assessment of the published literature regarding facial nerve preservation after microsurgical resection of vestibular schwannoma.
Afghanistan: lessons for diplomacy of states and coalitions
Authors:   Information Center for International Security Issues, Moscow, Bartosh Alexandr , Letyago Anatoly ,   Academy of Military Sciences
Published: February 2022

The article discusses the consequences of the rapid seizure of the Taliban of the authorities and strengthening the position of the Taliban in Afghanistan, which requires an adequate response to what happened from all interested countries, including, of course, Russia, CSTO countries and China. This reaction is determined by national interests, primarily the interests of security that can be posed of so rapid American care. It is clear that Moscow and Beijing unites the desire to protect themselves from the possible splash of Afghan Discharge beyond the boundaries of Afghanistan to its borders and both states will do everything possible for this. If this requires the establishment of pragmatic relationships with the new Afghan regime, it will be done and this. True, depending on the actions of the new owners of Kabul in internal and international politics. Another important part of the article is devoted to the analysis of the reasons for the destruction of the centuries-old model reflecting the American exclusivity and self-conceit, the combination of which served as one of the reasons for the US Afghan and NATO catastrophe.
Withdrawal of US forces from Afghanistan: impact and influence on the national security of Russia
Authors:   Moscow State University, M. V. Lomonosov, Russia, Grishaeva Lidiya
Published: February 2022

The article is devoted to the problem of the national security of Russia. The reasons that influenced the intensification of threats in connection with the events in Afghanistan are identified. The analysis of all the circumstances that caused the exacerbation of the situation in Afghanistan. The article convincingly shows that the main reason for the destabilization of the situation in Afghanistan was the ill-considered and poorly organized withdrawal of US and NATO troops from the country, which provoked a humanitarian catastrophe in the country. The author notes that over the 20 years of the US stay in Afghanistan, it has not been possible to solve urgent political and socio-economic problems, political stabilization has not occurred. The crisis worsened in the country, the official Afghan government, which held power for several decades with US military support, could not resist. The Taliban (banned in the Russian Federation) came to power in the country, with the support of the majority of the population, and in a non-military way. The author believes that it is now unclear whether the moderate Taliban, seeking to establish international contacts, will remain in power, or the radical terrorist Islamist elements of the Taliban movement (banned in the Russian Federation) will prevail, whose activities are to whip up a terrorist threat, impose radical Islamism, and spread drug trafficking, etc. Migration flows from Afghanistan will increase, among which suicide bombers can penetrate into other countries. All this is not only an internal affair of Afghanistan, but also poses a threat to overall international security. For the countries adjacent to Afghanistan — Russia, China, Iran, Pakistan, India, Central Asian countries and Turkey — a number of serious questions arose about the prospects for the development of the situation in Afghanistan, including significant threats to regional security: international terrorism, drug trafficking, organized crime, support for extremist and separatist movements from the territory of Afghanistan, encouragement of radical Islamists in neighboring countries with the victory of the Taliban (banned in the Russian Federation), etc. Russia is making every effort to establish constructive cooperation with neighboring countries and the United States in order to resolve the Afghan crisis.
At the forward line of the diplomatic front (in memory of V. I. Churkin)
Authors:   Moscow State University, M. V. Lomonosov, Russia, Grishaeva Lidiya
Published: February 2022

The article is dedicated to the memory of the prominent Soviet, Russian diplomat — Vitaly Ivanovich Churkin, who for several decades represented our country in the diplomatic field, including the UN. Vitaly Churkin, undoubtedly, was a bright personality, a brilliant orator and a high professional. He firmly and consistently defended the interests of our state in the international arena, and at the same time could clearly formulate his own position on acute issues of world politics, which gave special strength to his argumentation. Vitaly Churkin was fluent in foreign languages, and could correctly and accurately interpret the foreign policy strategy of our country. This helped him intelligibly and convincingly convey its meaning to his Western colleagues, which contributed to finding political solutions to conflict situations in the course of resolving international regional crises. Vitaly Churkin knew the background and many details of the events, which made him deeply aware of the essence of the discussed international problems. He possessed a rare gift of persuasion that contributed to the achievement of a consensus of the parties in resolving acute conflict international situations. This was especially evident when the UN was considering such complex and delicate issues as the Crimean issue. Vitaly Churkin was a brilliant master of his craft. He was constantly at the forefront of the diplomatic front. Vitaly Churkin made a worthy professional contribution to the history of diplomacy and foreign policy of our country. With the passage of time, the deeper meaning of his precise diplomatic steps to maintain political stability in the world becomes more and more obvious. The diplomatic activities of Vitaly. Churkin must be analyzed again and again so that his memory constantly highlights the role of the individual in the history of our state and in upholding the main principles of international security and a world order without global conflicts.
Challenges of Industry 4.0 in the Visegrád Group
Authors: Éltető Andrea
Published: February 2022

This article provides a snapshot describing the position of the Visegrád Group in terms of adopting Industry 4.0 technologies. Despite being promoted and supported by the state, the introduction of these modern methods is still not as widespread as in other EU member states. The reason for this is the heterogeneity of firms: there are substantial differences between large and small as well as foreign and domestic firms. Statistics, surveys and interviews have proven that foreign-owned, larger companies are front-runners, while smaller domestic ones face considerable financial and technological challenges. However, it is concluded that the main problem is the continued lack of the necessary skilled labour force.
Mechanical Deburring of Drilling-Induced Exit Burrs in Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites
Authors: Gödri András , Helle Anna Nikoletta , Geier Norbert
Published: February 2022

Carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites have excellent specific mechanical properties, which have contributed to the replacement of metallic structural components in high-tech sectors. However, the anisotropic and inhomogeneous properties of CFRPs render them difficult to cut. Burr is one of the main machining-induced macro-geometrical defects in CFRPs. Even though burr does not weaken the resultant strength of the composites (unlike delamination), its removal is time-consuming and costly. The main aim of the present paper is to investigate the efficiency of the mechanical deburring method. Deburring experiments were carried out on unidirectional CFRP, based on a full factorial experimental design using a special solid carbide cutting tool. The effects of feed and cutting speed were analysed using digital image processing and visual evaluation of high-resolution images. The experimental results show that the examined factors seem to have no significant effect on the results over the applied parameter range, because the exit burrs were successfully removed at each parameter setting. Furthermore, during the deburring process, the formation of a significant amount of chamfers was observed. Since the size of the chamfers depends on the size of delamination-induced material deformation and process control, it should be either compensated for or monitored in the future to develop a more reliable deburring process.
Analysis of Formed Chips in the Case of Turning Different Polymer Materials
Authors: Sarankó Ádám , Kalácska Gábor , Keresztes Róbert Zsolt
Published: February 2022

In this paper, turning input parameters were defined for 12 different polymer materials that can be used in technical practices. Our goal was to determine turning input parameters where chip formation is favourable or continuous chips do not cause any problems. Our tests included the examination of detached chips and the values of the average surface roughness of the machined surfaces.
Complementary Manipulator Tool Development for Safe Cobot-Assisted Hydroponics
Authors: Paniti Imre , Nacsa János , Szűr Dávid , Rácz Sándor , Tóth József
Published: February 2022

Human-robot collaboration is gaining ground in Manufacturing, Healthcare and Logistics but also in Agriculture. Different types of applications in the latter field are becoming more common. However, in all scenarios, safety assessment and verification are crucial to cope with the related standards and specifications. In this paper, the development and safety testing of a complementary manipulator tool (Clip) is presented which can by design limit the physical interaction energy in a hazardous collaborative robot (cobot) scenario, namely when loading the plant of a Hydroponic System.
CONTRIBUTION OF ALTERNATIVE THEORIES OF MONEY TO THE CREATION OF A MODEL OF THE MONETARY SYSTEM IN RUSSIA (LATE XIX — EARLY XX CENTURY)
Authors: Nazarova Irina A.
Published: February 2022

The economic and political instability of the present time in the world, being a reflection of the complex process of transition to new post-industrial technologies, increases instability in the sphere of monetary relations. The article aims to investigate the conceptual differences that contributed to the formation of alternative approaches in the theory of money at the turn of the XIX–XX centuries during the discussion of the prospects for the transition to credit circulation in extreme economic conditions. Attention is drawn to the fact that the problem of choosing a model of the monetary system, metallic or monetary, becomes the most urgent during the transformation of the economy.

The article provides a comparative analysis of the key provisions of the nominalist, quantitative, credit and conjunctural theories of money, their conceptual differences in understanding the nature, functions of banknotes and their role in price formation. The features of the conjunctural theory of money that distinguish it from the provisions of alternative concepts, market and state mechanisms for regulating money turnover are clarified. Algorithms for the formation of the general level of money prices in the conjunctural theory of money by M.I. Tugan-Baranovsky are considered. It is shown that the concept of nominalism, which expresses the interests of the state, justifies the need to use paper banknotes as the most effective financial resource of the government in emergency economic situations and the demonetization of gold.

The proposals of the leaders of the modern theory of money concerning the forced issue of "sovereign currency", weakening the national currencies of other countries, are analyzed. It is shown that the incorrect interpretation of the categories of government bonds and national currency by the leaders of the modern theory of money in comparison with the classical provisions narrows the field of scientific analysis, leads to a confusion of the concepts of state interest-bearing and interest-free domestic debt, and destabilization of the monetary and economic system as a whole.

The contribution of alternative concepts of money to the creation of a theoretical model and structure of the Russian state monetary system of the early twentieth century is shown. It is concluded that during periods of acute shortage of budgetary resources, there is a revival of the arguments of the nominalist theory of money in new economic conditions.
ON MONETARY AND BUDGET APPROACHES IN RUSSIA IN 2022–2024
Authors: Ershov Mikhail V. , Tanasova Anna S. , Tskhovrebov Mels P.
Published: February 2022

The situation in the global economy remains difficult and the level of uncertainty about future prospects remains high. This is largely due to the ongoing pandemic, the beginning of monetary tightening in leading economies, the generally changing conditions in global financial markets, etc. In such conditions, it becomes important for the Russian economy to strengthen domestic sources in order to maintain economic growth and ensure stable high rates. The key mechanisms for this are budgetary and monetary policy. However, despite the fundamentally changing conditions in the global economy and financial system, the approaches that were previously used by the Russian monetary authorities generally remain the same. The authors provide an analytical view of a number of approaches outlined in two key documents — the Federal Budget of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation and the Guidelines for the Monetary Policy of the Bank of Russia for 2022–2024. The inconsistence of the toughening of approaches in these two documents is substantiated. The importance of more active participation of the monetary authorities in providing favorable conditions for business and the population and, in general, in providing opportunities for economic growth is indicated.
SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES OF THIRTY YEARS OF CAPITALIST REFORMS IN RUSSIA
Authors: Bobkov Vyacheslav N. , Gulyugina Aleftina A. , Odintsova Elena V.
Published: February 2022

The article examines the most important social consequences of the 30-year capitalist transformations in Russia. The authors carried out the periodization of the stages of transformations. It is proposed to consider three heterogeneous stages: 1) 1991–1999 — liberal-oligarchic reforms; 2) 2000–2013 — strengthening of the state-capitalist orientation of reforms while preserving their liberal-capitalist foundations; 2014 — present — consolidation of state capitalism. Despite the significant differences between these stages, they are united by a decrease in the level and quality of life of the main segments of the population while maintaining high social inequality and separating the interests of the ruling "elites" from the needs of the majority of the country’s population. The results of 30 years of capitalist reforms are summarized in four areas: (1) the quality of employment; (2) standard of living; (3) housing provision; (4) demographic consequences. It is proved that for a long enough period of capitalist transformations, the social expectations of the majority of the population in improving the level and quality of life have not been justified. There are high levels of precarious employment and the unstable material situation of workers’ households; an increase in poverty in terms of income used for consumption and socio-economic inequality; excessive indebtedness of the population; chronic housing poverty and high gaps in housing provision; depressing demographic consequences of capitalist transformations. The general conclusion is made that the internal and external conditions of Russia’s development predetermine the need to change the course for the continuation of capitalist reform, in whatever forms it is carried out in the future. It depends on whether the future of the peoples of Russia will be successful.
Women’s information needs around urine testing for urinary tract infections: a qualitative study
Authors: Glogowska Margaret , Croxson Caroline , Hayward Gail
Published: February 2022

Background

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the commonest bacterial infections in general practice, with urine testing a frequent feature of its management. Urinary dipsticks are widely used, with urine culture the reference standard test. To avoid contamination, patients are advised to discard the first part of the urine stream, retaining the midstream part for the sample. This process, however, can be challenging both to explain and to perform. There is a lack of literature investigating women’s perceptions and understanding of urine sampling.

Aim

To explore women’s understanding of urine collection, sample contamination, and how information from samples informed UTI management.

Design and setting

Qualitative study embedded in a UK randomised controlled trial (RCT) of urinary collection devices (UCDs) among women attending primary care with a suspected UTI.

Method

Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with 29 women participating in the RCT. Interviews were transcribed and thematically analysed.

Results

Participants were not always aware about what midstream samples were and why they were preferable. They also lacked understanding about how urine samples may be contaminated, and sources of contamination. Participants experienced variability in the information received following analysis of their sample.

Conclusion

Provision of clear information could help provide better urine samples, aiding the diagnosis of UTIs, presenting results with greater clarity, and creating less need for repeat samples. Sharing of information derived from uncontaminated samples may also support better UTI management, helping to reduce unnecessary prescribing and antibiotic resistance.
The Comparison of the Early Outcomes of Perimembranous Ventricular Septal Defect Closure by Two Different Methods: Transcatheter and Open-Heart Surgery in the Northwest of Iran
Authors: Rafiei Ali , Molaei Akbar , Jamei Khosroshahi Ahmad , Samadi Mahmood , Ghaffari Shamsi
Published: February 2022

Objectives: Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is the most common congenital heart disease (CHD) (40%). Traditionally, VSDs have been repaired surgically; however, recently VSD closure by device has been developed. This study aimed to compare these two methods in terms of effectiveness, outcomes, and complications. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on VSD patients who were treated by either surgery or trans catheter technique in Madani Heart Center from March 2011 to March 2017. The required data regarding effectiveness, outcomes, and complications were recorded based on the patient’s documents. The extracted data were analyzed by SPSS version 18.0. Results: A total of 93 patients were enrolled (43 patients in transcatheter [A] and 50 patients in open-heart surgery [B] group) in this study. The gender distribution was approximately the same. The mean age of group A was 10.55 years while it was 8.8 years for group B. The duration of ICU and hospital stay, total hospitalization cost, and frequency of blood products transfusion were significantly lower in group A than in group B. However, postoperative pacemaker insertion, arrhythmias, thromboembolism, and mortality rates did not show any significant difference between the two groups. The success rates in group A and B were 97.7% and 96%, respectively. Conclusions: The results of our study demonstrated that open-heart surgery, due to its nature, required longer hospital and ICU stay, higher cost, and higher blood transfusion rate than transcatheter therapy, but it was associated with similar complications and success rates. Therefore, device closure in appropriately selected patients is recommended as an alternative to the surgical approach.
Evaluation of Intrauterine Adhesion After Hysteroscopic Resection of Uterine Septum
Authors: Hafizi Leili , Amirian Maliheh , Pourhoseini Seyedeh Azam , Behrouznia Akram , Baradaran Mina
Published: February 2022

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the rate and severity of intrauterine adhesions (IUAs) and their association with septum morphology following the hysteroscopic resection of the uterine septum. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with septate uteri undergoing hysteroscopic septolysis with scissors. Two months after the surgery, the second look hysteroscopy was performed and the intrauterine cavity was evaluated for IUAs and residual septum. Afterward, the rate and severity of adhesions and residual septum and their association with the septal morphology were studied as well. Results: In general, 30 patients were entered into the study. The incidence rate of adhesions following septoplasty was 23.3%. It was mild and moderate in 16.7% and 6.7%, respectively. The incidence rate of adhesions was not related to the length and width of the septum (P=0.281, P=0.495). The rate of the residual septum in second-look hysteroscopy was 56.7%, which was less than 0.5 cm in most cases (33.3%). It was not more than 1 cm in any case. The possibility of the residual septum was significantly higher in long septa (P=0.045) whereas it was not related to the septum width (P=0.087). Conclusions: IUA following hysteroscopic septolysis is a possibility, especially in infertile patients which is often mild. The presence of a uterine factor in such patients may justify the risk of increased IUAs in our study in comparison to others. Therefore, it is able to perform second-look hysteroscopy in infertile patients with a septate uterus for the diagnosis and early treatment of IUAs.
Effect of photobiomodulation on pain control after clinical crown lengthening surgery
Authors: Sadighi Mehrnoosh , Faramarzi Masoumeh , Chitsazha Ramtin , Ghasemi Rad Mohammad , Ranjbar Sina
Published: February 2022

Background. Photobiomodulation is a novel technique to reduce pain following different surgeries and treatments. This study aimed to investigate the effect of photobiomodulation on pain control after clinical crown lengthening procedures.Methods. Twenty patients were included and randomly assigned to two groups in this single-blind randomized clinical trial. The patients had been referred to the Periodontics Department, Tabriz Faculty of Dentistry, for crown lengthening surgery. In the laser group, diode laser therapy with a wavelength of 860 nm and a power of 100 mW was applied immediately after the surgery on the surgery day and three and seven days after the surgery. In the control group, the laser was turned off, and passive radiation was applied to the area as the test group for 30 seconds per session in non-contact mode. The pain was assessed by a visual analog scale (VAS) questionnaire on the study timelines. Data were analyzed with SPSS 20 using ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests.Results. Twenty patients were included in each study group, where the pain was relieved significantly over time. On the first (5.50±1.18) and seventh (1.8±0.42) days, the pain intensity was similar in the test and control groups. However, on the third day, the laser group (2.90±0.74) experienced a significantly lower pain intensity than the control group (4.0±0.67).Conclusion. Photobiomodulation relieved pain after clinical crown lengthening surgeries.
Effect of tetracycline on IL-1β and IL-6 levels of the peri-implant sulcular fluid
Authors: Mehrabi Amir , Negahdari Ramin , Parnia Feridoun , Garjani Alireza
Published: February 2022

Background. Inflammation in the implant-abutment interface is one of the main factors that can reduce implant stability. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of chlorhexidine, tetracycline, saliva, and a dry environment on the interleukin IL-1β and interleukin IL-6 levels of the gingival groove fluid at the implant-abutment interface.Methods. Twenty-four (10 men and 14 women) patients referred to the Faculty of Dentistry for implant treatment, who met the inclusion criteria, were examined. Four different materials were used in each implant, including 2% chlorhexidine, 3% tetracycline, saliva, and a dry medium. Each test material was placed inside the implant screw during the anchorage session, and the healing screw was closed. Patients were then sampled in three implantation sessions and one month after prosthesis delivery. Interstitial fluid groove was used for sampling after cleaning the mouth (half an hour after three minutes of thorough brushing). The data were analyzed with SPSS 20 using ANOVA and relevant post hoc tests.Results. There was a significant difference in the mean IL-6 and IL-1β levels between the four materials (P<0.05). IL-6β levels were similar in tetracycline and chlorhexidine but significantly higher than in saliva and the dry environment (P<0.05). IL-6 and IL-1β levels in the saliva were significantly higher than in the dry environment (P<0.05).Conclusion. The use of tetracycline at the junction of implant and abutment reduces the inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-1β.
Occurrence and severity of spontaneous exposure of cover screw after dental implant placement
Authors: Negahdari Ramin , Ghoreishizadeh Arezou , Ghavimi Mohammad Ali , Soltanpour Atefeh , Bohlouli Sepideh
Published: February 2022

Background. Perforation of the soft tissues overlying the dental implant, resulting in early and spontaneous exposure of cover screws between stages I and II of the two-staged implant placement procedure, is a common problem that can disrupt the primary repair and osseointegration process. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of spontaneous exposure of cover screws in dental implants and identify the related risk factors.Methods. The present retrospective, descriptive-analytical study enrolled 40 patients with 182 dental implants in the second stage of the implant placement procedure. Data on patient-related and implant-related classified variables were collected, and all the samples were examined for cover screw exposure based on the classification by Tal. First, the overall prevalence of cover screw exposure was calculated. Then, statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 24 to investigate the effect of different variables on this exposure. The chi-squared test was used at the bivariate level, while the logistic regression was used at the multivariate level.Results. Of 40 participants with 182 implants, 17 implants (9.3%) in 9 patients (22.5%) became exposed to the oral cavity. In terms of severity, Class I exposure was the most common with seven implants. Moreover, Class III was the least common with only one implant. Using the logistic regression analysis, we found significant relationships between the dental implant exposure and the variables of overlying mucosal thickness (OR=24.7, P≤0.001), the duration between tooth extraction and implant placement (OR=9.6, P=0.005), and implant location in the jaw (OR=3.8, P=0.033). Moreover, exposure was more common in the maxillary premolar area (22.5%) than in other locations. Also, there was a significant relationship between implant exposure and lateral augmentation (OR=0.20, P=0.044), indicating the higher risk of exposure in implants with lateral augmentation than those without augmentation.Conclusion. Despite the limitations of this retrospective study, its results showed that three factors, including the overlying mucosal thickness of <2 mm, implant placement in fresh extraction sockets, and maxillary implants, especially at the location of maxillary premolars, were strong predictors of spontaneous implant exposure.
Generalized Guglielmo Numbers: An Investigation of Properties of Triangular, Oblong and Pentagonal Numbers via Their Third Order Linear Recurrence Relations
Authors: Soykan Yüksel
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we investigate the generalized Guglielmo sequences and we deal with, in detail, four special cases, namely, triangular, triangular-Lucas, oblong and pentagonal sequences. We present Binet's formulas, generating functions, Simson formulas, and the summation formulas for these sequences. Moreover, we give some identities and matrices related with these sequences.
Desafíos de las familias diversas
Authors: Maffía Diana
Published: February 2022

¿Qué es una familia? ¿Qué reconocimiento jurídico tiene su con- formación? ¿Qué sensibilidad y actualización tienen los censos y las investigaciones sociales como para recoger su variación en el tiem- po y la geografía? ¿Qué políticas públicas se diseñan y desde qué áreas para generar igualdad en la atención de los diferentes arreglos familiares?
Reconceptualizando las instituciones
Authors: Alberdi José María
Published: February 2022

El presente artículo utiliza la forma literaria de la reseña, para valorizar el libro de Vicente de Paula Faleiros Trabajo Social e Instituciones y reconocer su condición de texto clásico del Trabajo Social latinoamericano. Reseña tardía que aboga por la reedición del mismo, revisando la actualidad de muchas de sus contribuciones, entre las cuales las primeras lecturas de la sutura entre Gramsci y Foucault son centrales para la revisión de las prácticas institucionales de nuestra profesión y para la producción de una micro-política del oficio en las instituciones, sintonizada con el cambio de época en América Latina.
Radicalidad del Mal Banal y Mesianismo en las Políticas Públicas
Authors: Frankel Daniel
Published: February 2022

La Eugenesia Social se instala como categoría biopolítica hegemónica de estos tiempos. Abreva en la utopía de libertad e igualdad pero está asociada al proyecto contemporáneo de sometimiento colectivo. La vida –su conservación, prolongación, estiramiento– se constituye en uno de los objetivos del poder y de las políticas públicas. Pero también lo es el sometimiento a la vida espectral, a la desigualdad, a la pobreza o al encierro. En otras palabras, es la muerte en vida. En este contexto lo político está fundado en la “naturaleza mesiánica” y en el mal radical banal. Lo político busca la felicidad de los vivos; pero al tiempo que diseña y ejecuta el proyecto de dominio total, anuncia el necesario sacrificio colectivo, promete una esperanza masiva al reconocer que todos tienen derecho a la felicidad y a la salvación. Esta paradoja interpela la falacia de estos tiempos sobre los Derechos Humanos. La cuestión sobre los Derechos configura otra de las astucias del poder para consolidar la dominación. El poder define quién cuenta y quién no cuenta como humano, legitima la producción de lo humano, al tiempo que produce el campo de lo espectralmente humano
Mirada viene, mirada va…
Authors: Marani Valeria , Iraolagoitia Marina
Published: February 2022

El presente artículo se propone transmitir una experiencia de trabajo donde el uso del arte, la fotografía en este caso, se utiliza como medio para superar las clásicas antinomias entre salud-enfermedad. La apuesta fue por la conformación de espacios que alojen, que cuiden a los niños y jóvenes que transiten por ellos, como parte de sus procesos de atención en los Centros de Salud. Pero que también posibiliten aprender contenidos fotográficos y que por medio de sus obras puedan trascender las fronteras barriales y hacer públicas sus producciones.
emergencia de “territorios de violencia”:
Authors: Pierantoni Rosina
Published: February 2022

El presente artículo busca analizar, describir y sistematizar, las principales transformaciones territoriales producidas en los barrios de la zona sur de Rosario. La expansión de la ilegalidad, como así también la emergencia de redes clandestinas, generan sutiles mecanismos de control social sobre la población y, en términos de Foucault, existe una utilización de procedimientos disciplinarios generados a partir del poder que estas redes detentan, son técnicas que permiten el control minucioso del cuerpo, imponiendo docilidad y utilidad sobre las poblaciones pobres. En mi hipótesis, el “dispositivo miedo” tiene importantes efectos políticos sobre la población. Por ello planteo que ante este cambio de escenario es necesario acuñar el concepto de “territorios de violencia”. De esta hipótesis surge una asociación entre prácticas delictivas y construcciones identitarias.