bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Decentralized Blockchain interoperability
Authors: Ζήνδρος Διονύσης
Published: May 2021

Προτείνουμε τον πρώτο αποκεντρωμένο μηχανισμό διαλειτουργικότητας ανάμεσα σε αλυσίδες βασισμένες στην απόδειξη εργασίας, στην απόδειξη μεριδίου, ή συνδυασμούς τους. Για την κατασκευή του, εισάγουμε δύο νέα κρυπτογραφικά primitives που λειτουργούν ως πιστοποιητικά επικοινωνίας αλυσίδων. Για πηγές απόδειξης μεριδίου, οι Αυτοτελείς Κατωφλιακές Πολυ-υπογραφές (ATMS) επιτρέπουν στην απόδειξη ότι το μερίδιο άλλαξε από εποχή σε εποχή. Για πηγές απόδειξης εργασίας, οι Μη-Διαδραστικές Αποδείξεις Απόδειξης Εργασίας (NIPoPoWs) επιτρέπουν την συμπίεση της απόδειξης εργασίας σε σύντομα αλφαριθμητικά που μειώνουν το μέγεθος μίας αλυσίδας σε μία πολυλογαριθμικού μεγέθους απόδειξη. Δίνουμε τις πρώτες κατασκευές ATMS και NIPoPoWs. Για την απόδειξη εργασίας, αποδεικνύουμε ότι οι κατασκευές μας είναι ασφαλείς στο μοντέλο στατικής και δυναμικής δυσκολίας και πετυχαίνουμε ασφάλεια στο σύγχρονο μοντέλο αλλά και στο μοντέλο φραγμένων καθυστερήσεων με συγκεκριμένα φράγματα αντιπάλου σε κάθε περίπτωση. Δίνουμε τον πρώτο ορισμό ασφάλειας πλευρικών αλυσίδων (sidechain) και αποδεικνύουμε αυστηρά ότι οι κατασκευές μας είναι ασφαλείς. Οι αποδείξεις μας είναι στο μοντέλο του Bitcoin Backbone για την εργασία και στο Ouroboros για τα μερίδια.Τα πιστοποιητικά επικοινωνίας αλυσίδων που προτείνουμε επιτρέπουν την μεταφορά γενικών πληροφοριών ανάμεσα σε αλυσίδες. Περιγράφουμε πολλαπλές εφαρμογές των πλευρικών αλυσίδων μας, μεταξύ άλλων μονής κατεύθυνσης μεταφορές χρήματος βασισμένων στο κάψιμο χρήματος καθώς και διπλής κατεύθυνσης μεταφορές χρήματος. Εκτός από την διαλειτουργικότητα, τα πρωτόκολλά μας επιτρέπουν την μεταφορά πληφοροριών που αφορούν μία αλυσίδα για ιδία χρήση. Αυτό επιτρέπει την κατασκευή υπερελαφρών πορτοφολιών με εκθετικά μικρότερη επικοινωνιακή πολυπλοκότητα από τα παραδοσιακά πορτοφόλια. Αυτά τα υπερελαφριά πορτοφόλια είναι η πρώτη ασυμπτωτική βελτίωση σε σχέση με το σύστημα Απλής Πιστοποίησης Πληρωμών (SPV). Επιπλέον, τα πρωτόκολλά μας μπορούν να χρησιμοποιηθούν στο πλαίσιο της απόδειξης εργασίας για να δημιουργήσουν υπερελαφρείς εξορύκτες οι οποίοι χρειάζονται μόνο λογαριθμικό χώρο για να εξορύξουν και αποτελούν εκθετική βελτίωση σε σχέση με κλασικά πρωτόκολλα εξόρυξης απόδειξης εργασίας. Δείχνουμε την πρακτικότητα των σχημάτων μας με πειράματα, προσομοιώσεις, και υλοποιήσεις, συμπεριλαμβανωμένων μετρήσεων ασφάλειας και απόδοσης. Δίνουμε συγκεκριμένες τιμές για τις παραμέτρους ασφαλείας που μπορούν να χρησιμοποιηθούν στην πράξη. Δουλέψαμε με το χώρο της βιομηχανίας για να υλοποιηθούν τα σχήματά μας στην πράξη: Τα πρωτόκολλά μας έχουν υλοποιηθεί σε αληθινές συνθήκες και διαχειρίζονται πραγματικά κεφάλαια στις αλυσίδες απόδειξης εργασίας ERGO, nimiq, WebDollar και Midnight, καθώς και στην αλυσίδα απόδειξης μεριδίου Cardano.
Coherence aperture restricted spatial resolution for an arbitrary depth plane in incoherent digital holography
Authors: Nobukawa Teruyoshi , Katano Yutaro , Goto Masahide , Muroi Tetsuhiko , Kinoshita Nobuhiro , Iguchi Yoshinori , Ishii Norihiko
Published: May 2021

Incoherent digital holography (IDH) requires no spatial coherence; however, it requires high temporal coherence for a light source to capture holograms with high spatial resolution. Temporal coherence is often enhanced with a bandpass filter, reducing the light utilization efficiency. Thus, there is a trade-off between spatial resolution and light utilization efficiency. In this paper, we derive a relationship between spatial resolution and temporal coherence by including a conceptual aperture, determined by temporal coherence, in our previous theory of spatial resolution for arbitrary depth planes [Opt. Express 27, 33634 (2019)OPEXFF1094-408710.1364/OE.27.033634]. Experimental evaluations verified the effectiveness of our theory, which is useful for the optimization of IDH setups and avoiding the trade-off.
High-speed Stokes vector receiver enabled by a spin-dependent optical grating
Authors: Xie Youpeng , Lei Ting , Wang Dawei , Ren Jianxin , Dai Yanmeng , Chen Yanjun , Du Luping , Liu Bo , Li Zhaohui , Yuan Xiaocong
Published: May 2021

Stokes vector direct detection is a promising, cost-effective technology for short-distance communication applications. Here, we design and fabricate a spin-dependent liquid crystal grating to detect light polarization states. By separating the circular and linear components of incident light, the polarization states can be resolved with accuracy of up to 0.25°. We achieved Stokes vector direct detection of quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK), 8PSK, and 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation signals with 32, 16, and 16 GBd rates, respectively. We integrated the system, including the grating, photodetectors, and optical elements, on a miniaturized printed circuit board and demonstrated high-speed optical communications with 16 GBd rate QPSK signals.
“I want to perform and succeed more than those who are HIV-seronegative” Lived experiences of youth who acquired HIV perinetally and attend Zewditu Memorial Hospital ART clinic, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Solomon Nahom , Molla Mitike , Ketema Bezawit
Published: May 2021

Background

In Ethiopian Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) prevention program one of the focusing areas is prevention of mother-to-child transmission and decreasing morbidity and mortality among those who already acquired it. However, the needs and the sexual behavior of children who acquired HIV perinatally was not given due attention. Therefore, we conducted this study with the aim of exploring the lived experiences of youth who acquired HIV perinatally to contribute to HIV prevention and control program.

Methods

We conducted a qualitative study using a phenomenological approach from March to May 2018 among 16 purposively selected youth who were infected with HIV vertically and receive ART services at Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. They were recruited based on their willingness after obtaining written informed consent and assent. Data were audio taped, transcribed verbatim in Amharic and later translated to English, and coded using Open Code version 4.02 software. Findings were summarized under four themes by applying interpretative phenomenological analysis.

Findings

Seven males and nine females, aged 16 to 22 years have participated in the study. These youth reported as they had support from families and ART clinics, while pill-load, and fear of stigma are some of challenges they have faced, especially majorities don’t want to disclose their status because of fear of stigma and discrimination. Half of them have ever had sexual relations usually with a seronegative partner and most of these had their first sex in their17-18 years of age. Unsafe sex was common among them where four girls reported to have had unprotected sex with their seropositive or seronegative sexual partners. Most wish to have purposeful life and love mate of the same serostatus but also fear they may remain alone.

Conclusion

Youth who had acquired HIV from parents are challenged due to their serostatus and were not sure what type of life they may have in the future. They were also not comfortable in disclosing their serostatus and also engaged in unsafe sexual relation. This calls for an urgent intervention among HIV infected youth and their families; health care providers, and young people in general to halt HIV transmission. Special attention should be given on sexual behavior of all young people (10–24) and in disclosure of HIV status to children and life skills education to cop-up with stigma and discrimination.
Prevalence, serotype and antibiotic susceptibility of Group B Streptococcus isolated from pregnant women in Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Safari Dodi , Gultom Septiani Madonna , Tafroji Wisnu , Azzahidah Athiya , Soesanti Frida , Khoeri Miftahuddin Majid , Prayitno Ari , Pimenta Fabiana C. , da Gloria Carvalho Maria , Uiterwaal Cuno S. P. M. , Putri Nina Dwi
Published: May 2021

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a bacterial pathogen which is a leading cause of neonatal infection. Currently, there are limited GBS data available from the Indonesian population. In this study, GBS colonization, serotype distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of isolates were investigated among pregnant women in Jakarta, Indonesia. Demographics data, clinical characteristics and vaginal swabs were collected from 177 pregnant women (mean aged: 28.7 years old) at 29–40 weeks of gestation. Bacterial culture identification tests and latex agglutination were performed for GBS. Serotyping was done by conventional multiplex PCR and antibiotic susceptibility testing by broth microdilution. GBS colonization was found in 53 (30%) pregnant women. Serotype II was the most common serotype (30%) followed by serotype III (23%), Ia and IV (13% each), VI (8%), Ib and V (6% each), and one non-typeable strain. All isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, penicillin, ampicillin, cefotaxime, daptomycin and linezolid. The majority of GBS were resistant to tetracycline (89%) followed by clindamycin (21%), erythromycin (19%), and levofloxacin (6%). The serotype III was more resistant to erythromycin, clindamycin, and levofloxacin and these isolates were more likely to be multidrug resistant (6 out of 10) compared to other serotypes. This report provides demographics of GBS colonization and isolate characterization in pregnant women in Indonesia. The results may facilitate preventive strategies to reduce neonatal GBS infection and improve its treatment.
Aspects of voice in the use of positioning in polyphonic storytelling: Ventriloquial moves within a biographical interview
Authors: Rautajoki Hanna , Hyvärinen Matti
Published: May 2021

This article investigates the rhetorical use of voices and ventrilocution in occasioned storytelling. We explore the use of external voicing in the narration, arguing that to understand voice as an argumentative resource, it is important to include both material and metaphoric aspects of voice. Our article explicates the differences and relations between these two aspects in a polyphonic life story interview. The material voice involves the acoustic sphere of communication: prosody, intonation and tone, whereas the metaphoric voice is commonly understood as a marker of subjectivity or group interests. We juxtapose the latter ‘representative’ interpretation of voice by applying Richard Walsh’s recent theory of metaphorical levels of the voice. Our material consists of a biographical interview with a 92-year-old woman accompanied in the situation by her daughter. The daughter interferes in the interview by telling competing stories about the family past. To unravel the rhetorical moves in the interview, we apply the concept of ventriloquism and the theory of narrative positioning. Our analysis demonstrates how the purposeful use of the material voice transports and signifies metaphoric voices as characters, actors and identities are negotiated in turn-by-turn unfolding narration.
Arrangements, Semiotic Links and Evaluations: Purifying the Familiar Environments from COVID-19 Among Serbia’s Young Professionals
Authors: Janković Stefan , Resanović Milica
Published: May 2021

Our research principally engages with the issue of encounters with COVID-19
within an everyday frame, underlining how the restoration of a “distorted”
familiar environment occurs through gradual coping with such a mysterious
non-human entity. The specific objective of our project was to discern how 20
young professionals from Belgrade (Serbia), whom we interviewed during the
curfew, encountered, re-organized, and eventually re-settled into their common,
everyday spaces and routines, while the virus was spreading in the background.
Our examination first seeks to register how the distorted relationality of humans
with a non-human entity – which the virus is – became distilled into everyday
objectivity. More profoundly, we intended to seek understanding of what
alternations the possibility of getting infected were associated with common,
everyday arrangements, and how the actors pursued hygienic “purification” as
a principal task. In this sense, we managed to unveil that – albeit this interplay
with an invisible and rather mysterious non-human entity involved a number
of confusing moments – the latter was ultimately stabilized within a specific
evaluative and cognitive format that dictated the former’s actions. Being highly
appreciative of domestic familiarity and intending to quite reflexively purify
potentially contaminated zones and objects, our respondents also pursued
a specific moral frame. In conclusion, we underline how these “purifying”
actions were substantially guided by a desire to maintain the domestic order of
familiarity and immediate care.
Biopolitics and Historic Justice
Authors: Braun Kathrin
Published: May 2021

Human rights violations linked to norms of health, fitness, and social usefulness have long been overlooked by Historic Justice Studies. Kathrin Braun introduces the concept of »injuries of normality« to capture the specifics of this type of human rights violation and the respective struggles for historic justice. She examines the processes of Vergangenheitsbewältigung in the context of coercive sterilization, institutional killings, as well as the persecution of homosexual men and of »asocials« under Nazi rule. She argues that an analytic perspective on political temporality allows us to better understand the formation of these biopolitical human rights violations and their exclusion from memory and historic justice.
Philipp von Huttens Tod in der Neuen Welt
Authors: Gujer-Bertschinger Susanne Andrea
Published: May 2021

Der erste Kriminalfall der Neuen Welt, der die Maschinerie kolonialen Schreibens in Gang setzte: Philipp von Hutten, ein Mitglied des berühmten fränkischen Rittergeschlechts, wird im Jahr 1546 in der Provinz Venezuela von seinem Rivalen Juan de Carvajal enthauptet. Susanne Andrea Gujer-Bertschingers Studie stellt erstmals alle Dokumente im Zusammenhang mit dem »Fall Hutten« in einen Kontext: Briefe des Opfers - sie gelten als die ältesten Briefe in deutscher Sprache, die aus Amerika geschrieben wurden -, Prozessakten und Reiseberichte. Die Analyse der deutschen, spanischen und italienischen Texte liefert einen genuinen Beitrag zur Forschungsdebatte über (post-)koloniale Studien.
Geschlechterrecht
Authors: Plett Konstanze
Published: May 2021

Aus menschenrechtlicher Perspektive wird seit langem um die Wahrnehmung und Anerkennung von inter- und transgeschlechtlichen Menschen gerungen: In welchem Verhältnis stehen Recht und Geschlecht? Warum soll Geschlecht überhaupt geregelt werden? Welche Änderungen gab es im deutschen Recht? Konstanze Plett macht die Entwicklung und Veränderung des staatlichen Rechts hinsichtlich der Wahrnehmung intergeschlechtlich geborener Menschen deutlich. Sie ist eine der drei Juristinnen, die die sogenannte »Dritte Option« für Geschlecht beim Bundesverfassungsgericht durchgesetzt haben. Der Band, herausgegeben und eingeleitet von Marion Hulverscheidt, ist mit einem Geleitwort von Friederike Wapler und mit einer von Daniela Heller illustrierten Zeitleiste versehen.
Der literarische Realismus und die illustrierten Printmedien
Authors: Barthold Willi Wolfgang
Published: May 2021

Illustrierte Zeitschriften entwickeln sich ab der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts zu den ersten Massenmedien der Moderne. Willi Wolfgang Barthold erforscht die Wechselwirkung der Literatur des Realismus mit diesem neuen medialen Kommunikationssystem und verbindet dabei Ansätze der Journalliteraturforschung und der Visual Culture Studies. Mit Hilfe einer Untersuchung sowohl kanonisierter als auch bisher kaum berücksichtigter Texte (von Wilhelm Raabe, Theodor Fontane, Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach und Balduin Möllhausen) zeigt er, wie sich der Realismus im intermedialen Spannungsfeld seiner Zeit positioniert und durch ein permanentes Hinterfragen der eigenen Wirklichkeitskonstruktionen ein Reflexionswissen produziert, das zur kritischen Beobachtung der entstehenden Massenmedien beiträgt.
Das Deutsche Theater nach 1989
Authors: Speicher Hannah
Published: May 2021

In dieser Geschichte des Deutschen Theaters werden die Inszenierungen Hamlet/Maschine (R: Heiner Müller, 1990), Shoppen&Ficken (R: Thomas Ostermeier, 1999) und Emilia Galotti (R: Michael Thalheimer, 2001) zu Bildern einer Theaterorganisation im Wandel zwischen Resilienz und Vulnerabilität. Hannah Speichers innovative Studie kombiniert dazu Theaterstatistiken und Zeitzeugeninterviews mit Dramen- und Inszenierungsanalysen. Es zeigt sich: Das Festhalten der Theatermacher an der DDR-Künstleridentität in den 1990ern mündete gerade im Verlust derselben. Und der am Deutschen Theater in den frühen 2000er Jahren vorbereitete kulturpolitische Resilienz-Imperativ bestimmt bis heute den Diskurs.
Tangier/Gibraltar - A Tale of One City
Authors: Haller Dieter
Published: May 2021

Contemporary life is caught in prisons of identity. Public, academic, and political discourses do not seem to be possible without circling around the topos of identity, thereby creating an illusion of uniqueness, separation, difference, and conflict. By studying the relationship between the Moroccan city of Tangiers and the British overseas territory of Gibraltar, Dieter Haller shows how cross-boundary experiences, practices, and identifications create a sense of neighborhood beyond official discourses. Across the Straits of Gibraltar, local and regional relationships in different fields such as kinship, economy, and culture provide resources for post-Brexit common action and a future beyond the prison of identity.
Raumsensible Long-term Governance zur Bewältigung komplexer Langzeitaufgaben
Authors: Mbah Melanie , Kuppler Sophie
Published: May 2021

Energietechnische Infrastrukturen zeichnen sich durch eine Vielzahl an Standorten aus und sind zeitlich entgrenzt. Die in die Infrastruktur eingebundenen technischen Anlagen verändern ihren jeweiligen Standort nicht nur physisch, sondern beeinflussen auch das Verhältnis der Anwohner* innen zu ihrem Wohnort, die sogenannte Ortsbezogenheit, welche die Betriebsbedingungen einer solchen Anlage beeinflussen können. In zeitlicher Perspektive erfordern diese Infrastrukturen einen sicheren Betrieb über mehrere Jahrzehnte bis Jahrhunderte. Sie durchlaufen in diesem Zeitraum - versetzt an verschiedenen Standorten - die Phasen der Standortauswahl, des Baus und Betriebs, sowie dem Nachbetrieb. Ein Abbruch der Kontrolle der Anlagen würde zu unerwünschten Effekten für Mensch und Umwelt führen. In diesem Beitrag argumentieren wir, dass diese besonderen Herausforderungen, das heißt die Vielzahl an Standorten in Verbindung mit den langen Zeithorizonten, einen Governance-Ansatz erfordern, der diese Aspekte aufzugreifen vermag. Nur so können etwaige negative Entwicklungen antizipiert und soweit möglich verhindert werden. Der hier vorgeschlagene Ansatz der raumsensiblen long-term Governance unterliegt Lernprozessen, die im Wechselspiel zwischen lokaler Partizipation, welche Ortsbezogenheiten aufgreift, und übergeordneten Zielen, wie der Entsorgung hochradioaktiver Abfälle, entstehen. Diese Prozesse schaffen die Basis für eine auf Langfristigkeit angelegte Governance, was dazu beitragen kann, einen zukünftigen
Der hybride pädagogische Raum
Authors: Vogler Hans-Joachim
Published: May 2021

Die territorial definierte Einzelschule muss sich in der Digitalität neu erfinden, denn Digitalität bedeutet Fluidität, Offenheit und Vernetzung. Diesen Anforderungen müssten sich die Schulen öffnen, denn nur so können sie langfristig und bedarfsorientiert zu einem digitalen Campus verschmelzen. Der hybride pädagogische Raum, in dem Lehrkräfte und Lernende zugleich in analogen und digitalen Umgebungen agieren, wird so zum Regelfall. Hans-Joachim Vogler analysiert die veränderten Ansprüche an Kompetenzen, Aufgabenformate und Leistungsnachweise, die das Lehren und Lernen in solch deterritorialisierten Räumen in synchronen und diachronen Unterrichtsszenarien notwendig macht.
Das Ehrenamt in der Sterbebegleitung
Authors: Fink Michaela , Schultz Oliver
Published: May 2021

Seit dem Beginn der Hospizbewegung hat das Ehrenamt in der Sterbebegleitung eine zentrale Bedeutung. Michaela Fink und Oliver Schultz beleuchten die vielfältigen Ansätze der Sterbebegleitung, ebenso wie die Herausforderungen der Gewinnung und Bindung Ehrenamtlicher vor dem Hintergrund krisenhafter gesellschaftlicher Entwicklungen. Einen besonderen Fokus legen sie dabei auf Bereiche informeller ehrenamtlicher Sterbebegleitung, die z.B. in Wohlfahrtsverbänden sichtbar werden. Angesichts des Generationenproblems in der Hospizbegleitung eröffnen diese bisher wenig beachteten Bereiche neue Perspektiven.
The Angry Christ
Authors: Lien Amy , Camacho Enzo
Published: May 2021

This essay revolves around a remarkable religious mural in the Philippines known as The Angry Christ. Commissioned for a chapel built to service the workers of an industrial sugar refinery on the agricultural island of Negros, the mural was painted in 1950 by the queer, Filipino-American modernist Alfonso Ossorio. Examining Ossorio's artwork in relation to its immediate environment, this essay accounts for some of the multiple narrative threads that cross through it, entangling questions of Modernism and spirituality, queerness and class struggle, sugar and death.
Relationalität elliptisch gedacht / Elliptic Relationality
Authors: Haas Annika
Published: May 2021

Der Beitrag diskutiert Medialität als eine der Bedingungen, die die Bezugnahme auf Forschungsgegenstände und Kunstwerke mitbestimmt. Dabei wird erkennbar, dass sowohl die Medientheorie als auch das Denken von und in Relationen nicht mit den Relata beginnt, sondern mit dem Prozess, in dem diese entstehen. Mit Dieter Merschs negativer Medientheorie und Jean-Luc Nancys Denken der Berührung wird Differenz als Voraussetzung dieses zugleich medialen wie relationalen Geschehens genauer betrachtet. Anhand von Beispielen aus den Beiträgen des Bandes wird anschaulich, dass die Medien, in und mit denen in den Künsten und Wissenschaft geforscht wird, entscheidend mitbestimmen, welche Gegenstände, Fragen und epistemischen Konstellationen dabei entstehen.
How to Relate in Contemporary Dance?
Authors: Haas Maximilian , Chauchat Alice , Wade Jeremy
Published: May 2021

»How to relate?« is not at all a secondary question to the practice of contemporary dance - as if there were movement first that could then relate to something or not. Rather - mediated through bodies, affect, sensing, imagination, rules, etc. - this question might even form the core of the artistic process through which dance emerges. Posing the same set of questions to Berlin-based dance makers Alice Chauchat, Jeremy Wade, Jared Gradinger and Angela Schubot, the text aims to disclose and unfold relational practices in the contemporary field through conversations about the respective relata and the modes of relating that organize their artistic process.
Отношение жителей мегаполиса к репродуктивному донорству (на примере Екатеринбурга)
Authors: Сыманюк Эльвира Эвальдовна , Полякова Ирина Геннадьевна , Мокерова Юлия Викторовна
Published: May 2021

В статье представлены результаты опроса населения, проведенного в Екатеринбурге в 2019 г. (выборка составила 1300 респондентов). Цель исследования — определить степень информированности жителей Екатеринбурга о репродуктивном донорстве и их отношение к разным видам репродуктивного донорства в целом и в связи со спецификой репродуктивного материала. Полученные данные анализируются с помощью теории стигматизации Гоффмана и результатов аналогичных работ зарубежных авторов. Большинство опрошенных осведомлены о существовании репродуктивного донорства и относятся к нему положительно. Уровень осведомленности, как и уровень положительного отношения, зависит от специфики репродуктивного материала. Наиболее известной и принимаемой респондентами технологией является донорство спермы, наиболее спорной — эмбриональное донорство. Более половины опрошенных (52%) считают эмбрион человеком, и 47% относятся отрицательно к донорству эмбрионов. Восприятие статуса эмбриона коррелирует с полом, наличием семьи и религиозными взглядами. Большинство респондентов утверждают, что сами не готовы стать донорами генетического материала, а главным мотивом тех, кто становится репродуктивным донором, считают финансовый интерес. Наблюдается разрыв между общими нормами отношения к донорству, поддерживаемыми абстрактно, и ситуациями личной вовлеченности в проблематику репродуктивного донорства. В последнем случае отношение респондентов к репродуктивному донорству становится гораздо более положительным. Очевидно, что вовлечение в родительский проект третьих лиц этически и психологически неоднозначно, и вместе с позицией вовлеченных в процесс реципиентов требует дальнейшего изучения. Поскольку Екатеринбург, с одной стороны, демонстрирует тренды, присущие столичным городам, а с другой — обладает явной региональной спецификой, полученные данные могут отражать современное отношение к репродуктивному донорству населения крупных городов России.
A nitric oxide-releasing prodrug promotes apoptosis in human renal carcinoma cells: Involvement of reactive oxygen species
Authors: Xie Jindong , Chen Lieqian , Huang Dongqiang , Yue Weiwei , Chen Jingyu , Liu Chunxiao
Published: May 2021

Background

JS-K is a nitric oxide (NO)-releasing prodrug of the O2-arylated diazeniumdiolate group that shows pronounced cytotoxicity and antitumor properties in numerous cancer models, including in vitro as well as in vivo. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) induce carcinogenesis by altering the redox status, causing increment in vulnerability to oxidative stress.

Material and methods

To determine the effect of JS-K, a glutathione S-transferase (GST)-activated NO-donor prodrug, on the induction of ROS accumulation, proliferation, and apoptosis in human renal carcinoma cells, we measured the changes of cell proliferation, apoptosis, ROS growth, and initiation of the mitochondrial signaling pathway before and after JS-K treatment.

Results

In vitro, dose- and time-dependent development of renal carcinoma cells were controlled for JS-K, and JS-K also triggered ROS aggregation and cell apoptosis. Treatment with JS-K induces the levels of pro-apoptotic proteins (Bak and Bax) and decrease the number of anti-apoptotic protein (Bcl-2). In fact, JS-K-induced apoptosis was reversed by the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine, and oxidized glutathione, a pro-oxidant, improved JS-K-induced apoptosis. Finally, we demonstrated that in renal carcinoma cells, JS-K improved the chemosensitivity of doxorubicin.

Conclusion

Our data indicate that JS-K-released NO induce apoptosis of renal carcinoma cells by increasing ROS levels.
Influence of interbedded rock association and fracture characteristics on gas accumulation in the lower Silurian Shiniulan formation, Northern Guizhou Province
Authors: Guo Ruibo , Zhang Jinchuan , Zhao Panwang , Liu Ziyi
Published: May 2021

The northern Guizhou area, located near the southwestern margin of the Yangtze Block, is a promising area for shale gas exploration and development. The Lower Silurian Shiniulan Formation as a new discovery stratum of natural gas marks an exciting breakthrough in natural gas exploration in northern Guizhou area. Based on several field investigations and samples analyses, the lithology and fracture characteristics were systematically analyzed in the lower Shiniulan Formation, and the reservoir specificity and its influence on natural gas accumulation were determined. The characteristics of the relatively fractures and lithology assemblages were identified as key factors controlling the natural gas accumulation. The lower Shiniulan Formation is deposited as calcareous shale and marlstone with frequent centimeter-scale interlayers. This is reflective of a shallow sea shelf strata with decreasing sedimentary rhythm and gradual weakening of sedimentary changes and developed calcareous shale and marlstone with frequent centimeter scale interlayer changes. The gas reservoir is dominated by calcareous mudstone, controlled by the interbedded rock association (calcareous mudstone and limestone), characterized by the raw-storage and the accumulation-reservoir interbedded system. The reservoir is located in the central part of the syncline and is characterized by strong sealing of the stratum, large proportion of free gas, and high abnormal pressure. The Lower Shiniulan Formation is formed between the shale layer with horizontal fractures and dense limestone with underdeveloped fractures. Among them, the shale section generally develops diagenetic shrinkage fractures, which provide good storage space for natural gas and act as the main body of natural gas. The pore sizes in limestone (2.8 nm) are significantly smaller than those in mudstone (7.5 nm), which results in a good capping and preservation of shale gas. This paper reports on results that are of significance for supplementing the theory of unconventional natural gas accumulation and guiding shale gas exploration in similar areas.
Multi-input single-output (MISO) all optical logic (ALG) AND/NOR gate using FWM in dispersion compensation fibers in Mach-Zehnder configuration (DCF-MZI)
Authors: Sharma Deepti , Singh Charanjit , Kaur Rajbir
Published: May 2021

Ultrafast all optical computing is getting attention for future generation services and all optical logic gates are basic building block for the photonic circuits in processing units. In this work, a multi-input single-output all optical AND/NOR gates are proposed using dispersion compensation fibers in Mach-Zehnder configuration (DCFs-MZI). Four wave mixing effect emerges in DCF and due to Kerr’s effect, aforementioned gates are realized at 10.2 Gbps. A low power logic gates with >23 dB extinction ratio are achieved and performance analysis is performed in terms of Q factor.
Synchronization of Caputo fractional neural networks with bounded time variable delays
Authors: Almeida Ricardo , Hristova Snezhana , Tersian Stepan
Published: May 2021

One of the main problems connected with neural networks is synchronization. We examine a model of a neural network with time-varying delay and also the case when the connection weights (the influential strength of the

j

j

th neuron to the

i

i

th neuron) are variable in time and unbounded. The rate of change of the dynamics of all neurons is described by the Caputo fractional derivative. We apply Lyapunov functions and the Razumikhin method to obtain some sufficient conditions to ensure synchronization in the model. These sufficient conditions are explicitly expressed in terms of the parameters of the system, and hence, they are easily verifiable. We illustrate our theory with a particular nonlinear neural network.
Affective Cin-aereality
Authors: Amad Paula
Published: May 2021

This article explores a kinship between aviation and cinema through the intersection of affective gender, dreams, and flying as expressed across newspaper accounts of women and flight, star discourse related to Mabel Normand and Mary Pickford, and the sexualized scenes of aerial joyriding in Abram Room’s Bed and Sofa (1927) and Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks’s Plane Crazy (1928). It argues that in order to fully understand the aviation-cinema nexus, we must dislodge it from its masculinist heritage within high modernist myths. Key to this dislodging is the reinsertion of gendered associations of the body, affect, and the senses into the modernist myth of aerial vision as a weightless, abstracted regime of the eye. The article theoretically frames this historical exploration of aviation and cinema as an exemplary case study for an expanded rethinking of affect, reception, and the senses in Miriam Hansen’s notion of cinema as vernacular modernism.
Feel Lags (for José)
Authors: Soto Sandra K.
Published: May 2021

In this brief feel-piece, Sandra K. Soto feels her way around some of the “flickering recognition” that sparked her love of José Esteban Muñoz and his wildly original and audacious efforts to read brown embodiment, wit, and affect through a non- (but never anti-) identitarian lens. Loss and grief—which underpin this rumination—enable the kind of slow and intimate reading that Muñoz’s ephemeral experiments with brownness demand.
Eurobonds versus Coronabonds: Same Idea, New Context, Different Outcome?
Authors: Fuller Gregory W.
Published: May 2021

Since the outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the European Union has taken tentative steps toward the issuance of joint debt. This progress is significant but puzzling: the technical value of such instruments has never been in doubt; however, the political will to move forward has always been lacking. What changed? This short article argues that contemporary political economy research points us toward the role of ideas and identity in explaining this shift.
CONSELHO DE ALIMENTAÇÃO ESCOLAR (CAE) NO MUNICÍPIO DE PASSO FUNDO
Authors: Lopes Indaia Dias
Published: May 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é discorrer sobre atuação do Conselho de Alimentação Escolar (CAE) nas escolas municipais de Passo Fundo, município localizado no Norte do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS), verificando a atuação dos integrantes na fiscalização e participação do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) em âmbito municipal. Trata-se de uma pesquisa explicativa, com abordagem qualitativa dos dados coletados por meio de entrevistas, pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. O CAE é um conselho gestor de política pública, possui a finalidade de acompanhar, fiscalizar e controlar a aplicação de recursos destinados ao PNAE, tendo caráter fiscalizador, deliberativo e de assessoramento. Os resultados encontrados indicam que este conselho é participativo, atuante e dialoga com outros conselhos, visando contribuir para o aperfeiçoamento do PNAE. Porém, destaca-se que uma das principais dificuldades se refere à elevada rotatividade dos seus membros.
TÜRKİYE’NİN İKİNCİ DÜNYA SAVAŞINDAKİ DIŞ GÜVENLİK POLİTİKASINDA İNGİLTERE
Authors: BOZYEL Fuat
Published: May 2021

İkinci Dünya Savaşının başlaması ile birlikte Türkiye’nin jeopolitik ve stratejik konumunun önemi artmış, Türkiye’nin konumu hem mihver hem de müttefik devletleri için kritik bir önem seviyesine yükselmiştir. Doğudan ve güneyden Sovyetler Birliği, batıdan ise Almanya ve İtalya, Türkiye’ye karşı tehdit potansiyeli oluşturmuştur. Savaş sırasında Türkiye’yi yanına alan taraf hem boğazlara hem de geçiş güzergâhlarına hâkim olabilecektir. İkinci Dünya Savaşı süresince Türkiye’nin temel güvenlik politikası savaşa girmeme üzerine şekillenmiştir. Bu hedefe ulaşmak için savaşan taraflar arasındaki dengeleri iyi kullanan Türkiye, aynı zamanda herhangi bir sebeple her iki taraftan da bir saldırı geldiğinde buna tüm gücüyle karşılık vereceğini de belirtmiş ve ikna edicide olmuştur. İkinci Dünya Savaşı sırasında oldukça dengeli bir güvenlik politikası izleyen Türkiye, ekonomik ve siyasi açıdan oldukça yetersiz olmasına rağmen, diplomatik açıdan başarılı bir süreç geçirmiştir. Savaşa girmesi konusunda İngiltere tarafından baskıya maruz kalsa da, askerî ve ekonomik açıdan hazır olmadığını dile getirmiş ve bazı isteklerde bulunmuştur. Bu isteklerin hemen yerine getirilemeyeceğinin farkında olan Türk hükûmeti bu sayede zaman kazanmış ve savaş boyunca aynı politikayı uygulamaktan çekinmemiştir. Bu çalışma da hem mihver devletlerin hem de müttefik devletlerin Türkiye’yi savaşa sokma çabalarına karşılık, Türkiye’nin izlediği başarılı dış politika hamleleri ele alınmıştır. Türkiye hem bağımsızlığını ve toprak bütünlüğünü korumak, hem savaşın dışında kalarak en az tahribatı almak, hem de savaş sonrasında kurulacak olan yenidünya sistemi içerisinde saygın bir üye olarak yerini almak için tüm olasılıkları önceden hesaplayan ve uygulayan bir dış politika siyaseti izlemiştir.
Anti-Corruption Potential of Prohibiting the Financing of Election Campaigns by Commercial Organizations
Authors: Akunchenko Evgenii A. , Damm Irina A. , Kostrykina Viktoriia V. , Teplyashin Pavel V.
Published: May 2021

The problem of political corruption is particularly relevant for modern criminological science. The processes of formation and functioning of power, due to their high social significance, have long been subject to negative corruption, and therefore they need a special protection mechanism. The subject of the study is the legal regulation of banning the financing of political activities (election campaigns), as well as its reflection in the local regulations of commercial organizations. The article presents a general description of the illegal financing of election campaigns as a form of political corruption, describes the problems of applying measures of retrospective responsibility in relation to its subjects, and also evaluates the effectiveness of banning the financing of political activities (election campaigns) in the system of preventing this form of corruption. To study the practice of regulating the prohibition in question at the level of local regulations of commercial organizations, the authors conducted monitoring of the official websites of 250 major Russian companies based on the methods of statistical analysis of socio-legal phenomena and processes. The results of the study allow us to conclude that it is necessary to take a set of measures aimed at encouraging commercial organizations to adopt anti-corruption compliance programs which will include a ban on financing political activities (election campaigns), as well as aimed at limiting the possibility of committing relevant corruption offenses
Avoiding the Inappropriate: The European Commission and Sanctions under the Stability and Growth Pact
Authors: Sacher Martin
Published: May 2021

Fiscal policy surveillance, including the possibility to impose financial sanctions, has been an important feature of Economic and Monetary Union since its inception. With the reform of fiscal rules in the aftermath of the financial and sovereign debt crisis, coercive provisions have been made stricter and the Commission has formally gained power vis-à-vis the Council. Nevertheless, sanctions under the Stability and Growth Pact for budgetary non-compliance have so far not been imposed. This article asks why the Commission has until now refrained from proposing such sanctions. Using minimalist process-tracing methods, three post-crisis cases in which the imposition of fines was possible, are analysed. Applying an adaptation of normative institutionalism, it is argued that the mechanism entitled “normative-strategic minimum enforcement” provides an explanation of why no sanctions are imposed in the cases studied: Given that the Commission does not perceive punitive action as appropriate, it strategically refrains from applying the enforcement provisions to their full extent.
Suggestive potential of political speeches of state leaders
Authors: Snytko Olena
Published: May 2021

The paper examines the suggestive potential of political speeches of state leaders. The author argues that the greatest political addresses given at turning points in history demonstrate a programming effect and, consequently, are intended as texts with suggestive features. The current study proves that rhythm is the essential feature of a suggestive text. The rhythm is a complex phenomenon built on the balanced alternation or repetition of certain elements (formal and semantic). The distinctive rhythm for political address is established via lexical and, broader, semantic repetition of key verbal elements carrying dominant meanings which comprise two opposite functional textual groups via grammatical (morphological and syntactic) patterns or parallelism, accompanied by phonetic repetition. Such repetition serves the communicative-pragmatic purpose of the suggestor, namely, to consolidate the dominant meanings. The results of this study indicate that emotiogenic attributes (or qualifiers) aimed at emotional "charging" of the target audience are the primary means of suggestion. The texts of political speeches contain the elements of solemn rhetoric and pathetic appeal to the sacred forces. Political addresses of state leaders provide a strong impetus for creating meaningful public narratives favouring one or another political course of society. Furthermore, an informative political speech, which employs suggestive techniques, serves as a potent tool to exercise power over the target audience and as a means to shape public opinion and influence the mood in society. Finally, the political leader plays the role of an authoritative communicator who organizes, structures the individual's picture of the world, helps to resist communicative warfare and gives people a sense of order in a life of chaos.
Male autoimmune infertility: analysis of results and prediction of efficacy of low-level laser therapy in infrared spectrum
Authors: Potapova Maria K. , Borovets Sergey Y. , Al-Shukri Salman K.
Published: May 2021

INTRODUCTION: Autoimmune infertility is diagnosed in 515% of men. Currently applied methods of medical therapy of autoimmune male infertility are not very effective, which requires the development of new ones and creation of predictive algorithms for their efficacy.
The aim of our study was to evaluate the influence of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in infrared spectrum on MAR-test rate and sperm fertile properties in men with autoimmune infertility, develop ways to predict the efficacy of this therapy.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: 47 men with autoimmune infertility were examined. 31 of them (1st group) underwent course of LLLT in infrared spectrum (10 procedures), and 16 patients (2nd group, comparison) had placebo-laser therapy sessions (10 procedures). MAR-test value, main semen parameters and sperm DNA fragmentation were assessed before and after the treatment. For creation of LLLT efficacy algorithm we used discriminate analysis.
RESULTS: In patients of the 1st group we indicated statistically significant decrease of MAR-test by an average of 19% immediately after the course of procedures, and by 33% within two months after the end of the treatment, at its initial level 60% or lower. LLLT contributed to improvement of the semen fertile properties, pregnancy developed in the natural reproductive cycle in 19% of couples. We developed math model for prediction the efficacy of LLLT in infrared spectrum of autoimmune male infertility.
CONCLUSION: LLLT in infrared spectrum of male autoimmune infertility leads to MAR-test value decrease at its initial level less than 60%; improves sperm fertile properties. It is appropriate to use before LLLT predictive algorithm of its efficacy developed by us.
The battle of Lepanto: a cultural image from history to Spanish literature
Authors: Sambrian Oana Andreia
Published: May 2021

The battle of Lepanto represents one of the most successful literary and artistic recreations of a military event, as its echo travelled fast, reaching the New World shortly. Its image was illustrated in Spain throughout the 16th and 17th centuries in relaciones de sucesos, chronicles, poems, plays and paintings. Our article focuses on all these different types of information, in an attempt to show the complexity of the phenomenon of the battle of Lepanto. The information provided focuses solely on the elements of novelty, insisting very little on what has already been detailed by the previous historiography. Our corpus includes paintings by Titian and works by Fernando de Herrera, Luis Vélez de Guevara, Lope de Vega, González de Eslava etc.
Activity Classification Using Backpropagation Neural Networks for the Daily Lives of the Elderly
Authors:   Department of Computer and Information Science, Faculty of Applied Science, KMUTNB, Bangkok, Thailand, Visutsak Porawat
Published: May 2021

Activity Analysis Systems or Activity Recognition Systems for the elderly is recently a part of the smart home systems design. This assisted system normally helps the senior people to live alone in a house, safely and improve a quality of life. Therefore, learning to recognize which activities are safe is necessary for classifying the activities of the elderly. This information will give the researchers in the assistive technology some insights to understand the basic daily lives of the elderly. Moreover, it is also help the caregivers to monitor activities of the senior people while they live alone in the house. In this paper, the novel method for detecting and recognizing the activities using Backpropagation Neural Networks has been proposed. The proposed model was tested on a set of basic daily activities (lie, stand, sit, walk and dine). The proposed model was trained to construct the Backpropagation Neural Networks model and used the trained model to classify basic daily activities of the elderly. The proposed model gives the results of 0.78, 0.72 and 0.74 of precision, recall and F1 score, respectively. The discussion and future extension are also given in this paper.
Evaluation of clinical outcome of laparoscopic hysterectomy versus open abdominal hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy in endometrial carcinoma early stage
Authors: Tawfik Waleed M. , Amer Wagdy M. , Sherif Ahmed F.
Published: May 2021

Background: the aim of this study was to compare the operative, post-operative, and the oncological short-term outcomes of laparoscopic hysterectomy with lymphadenectomy and open abdominal hysterectomy with lymphadenectomy for early-stage endometrial cancer.Methods: 80 patients with clinical stage I endometrial cancer were enrolled in this trial; they were divided according to their selection of the method of intervention after counselling into two groups: total laparoscopic hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy group and total abdominal hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy group.Results: The mean operative time in the TLH group was 140.85± 10.033 minutes and was 118.45±12.713 minutes in the TAH group (p<0.001). The mean blood loss in the TLH group was 127.5±42.9 ml and 220.5± 84.82 ml in TAH group (p<0.001). The mean duration of postoperative ileus was 12.8±5.022 hours in the TLH group, and it was 22.3±5.573 hours in the TAH group (p<0.001). The mean time of hospital stay in the TLH group was 26.7±5.667 hours and in the TAH group was 116.4± 17.31 hours (p<0.001).Conclusions: Complete surgical staging of endometrial cancer can be performed using laparoscopy as an alternative to routine open method with similar efficacy about nodal retrieval and complication rate, and better operative and postoperative compliance in means of blood loss, ileus and hospital stay which may have an implication on cost saving in the medical service. Lymphadenectomy can be omitted in low-risk cases of endometrial cancer.
Study of antepartum hemorrhage and its maternal and perinatal outcome at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Kulkarni Amruta R. , Shirsath Arti S.
Published: May 2021

Background: Antepartum haemorrhages are defined as bleeding from or into the genital tract after the period of viability untill delivery of the fetus. APH complicates 3-5% of pregnancies and is a leading cause of perinatal and maternal mortality worldwide. Objective of this study is to quantitate maternal morbidity, mortality and perinatal outcome in patients with APH at a tertiary care hospital.Methods: A retrospective observational study was carried out in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, Smt. Kashibai Navale medical college and general hospital, Pune. Patient information was obtained from the delivery records of 2018, 2019 and 2020. Patients presenting after the gestational age of 28 weeks with antepartum haemorrhage were included in the study.Results: Out of 100 cases of APH, abruptio placenta contributes to 60%, placenta previa to 37% and 3 cases were due to unknown cause. Overall maternal mortality was 3% and perinatal mortality was 23% in abruptio placentas compared to 13% in cases with placenta previa. Main cause of perinatal mortality was prematurity69%.Conclusions: Antepartum haemorrhage is one of the leading cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity. These cases should be deliverd at a centre with transfusion facility, NICU facility and by the obstetrician skilled in controlling intraoperative haemorrhage by stepwise devascularising sutures. Timely decision of uterine tamponade can also save few ceaserean hysterectomies.