bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Armillary Sphere in the Ideology of the Late Middle Ages and Early Modern Times
Authors: Tchernik Alexander
Published: October 2023

The armillary sphere is one of the most famous badges. The opinion that this image of a navigation device visualizes Portugal is an anachronism. In Europe the armillary sphere was used not only in Portugal. Models of the celestial structure based on the concept of the sphericity of the universe have a long tradition. In the 15th — 16th centuries the armillary sphere served as a designation of the highest imperial ambitions and appeared in various contexts related to messianism and the interpretation of biblical prophecy. The armillary sphere is a conceptual model of the cosmos structure, its physical, spiritual, and political sides. By the end of the 15th century the armillary sphere became a stable representation of the universe — an image full of Christian meaning, which had a pan-European distribution and pan-European significance. The image of the sphere is a visualization of the highest European values of that time, an example of which is the use of it by Elizabeth I and her entourage.
Constructing Energy: “Wood Supply” in Salt Works in the Russian North in the 17th Century
Authors: Dadykina Margarita
Published: October 2023

The availability of energy resources of the required quality and in the required quantity was an important factor in the development of the economy and industry of the early Modern times. In this article, the author, based on the data of income and expenditure books, explores, firstly, the system for ensuring the production of salt with firewood, and, secondly, the idea of the forest as an energy resource and ways of describing it by the people, who were directly involved in the production management process.
“And He Wore the Bones and Fur of a Wolf...”: the Concept of a Bad Ruler in the Treatises of John of Salisbury and Jean Petit
Authors: Togoeva Olga
Published: October 2023

The article analyzes the concept of a bad ruler, presented in the treatises of John of Salisbury (1159) and Jean Petit (1408). The author pays special attention to the so-called bestial code involved in both works. From her point of view, when creating the “Justification of the Duke of Burgundy”, Jean Petit, in an attempt to belittle Louis of Orleans, described him not just as a tyrant, but as a man who turned into a beast, a werewolf and a sorcerer, and on this basis becoming the devil himself. According to the author, Jean Petit borrowed this concept from the “Polycraticus” of John of Salisbury and strengthened it for his own purposes.
“Modus Vivendi” of an Athenian (Attic) Citizen (on Aristophanes’ Comedies)
Authors: Petrova Maya
Published: October 2023

The paper shows how, based on selected texts by Aristophanes (5th — 4th centuries BC), a prominent representative of the ancient Attic comedy, it is possible to recreate the lifestyle (“modus vivendi”) of an Athenian (Attic) citizen. It is discussed that when solving the task, it is necessary to take into account what material to use, as well as how to build a narrative. It is noted that the proposed technique can also be applied to other comedies by Aristophanes (or the texts of other authors of the distant past — whether it be Antiquity, the Middle Ages or Modern Times), studied, for instance, in order to identify the characteristic features of one person or group of ones of a different social circle, to reconstruct individual or collective biographies.
The Search for Methods to Increase Fines in England in the First Third of the 17th Century (on the Example of Lavenham Manor, Suffolk)
Authors: Mitrofanov Vladimir
Published: October 2023

Transformation of agrarian relations in the English manor in the first half of the 17th century is still being studied in Russian and foreign historiography. The author of the article analyzes historical researches concerning the problem of entry fines in the manors in Early Modern England. The article also deals with the speech that the landlord D’Ewes gave in front of the peasants of his manorLavenham (Suffolk) in the manorial curia at the moment of his entry into inheritance in 1631. Analysis of its content reveals one of the ways to increase entry fines paid by copyholders. The uniqueness of the source allows tracing the arguments of the landlord to justify the legitimacy of raising fines and fixing them in the custom of a manor. Being an antiquarian, D’Ewes outlined in sufficient details the history of his manor, emphasizing the villain origin of current copyholders. He argues in his speech the existence of a triple connection between the landlord and the peasants of the manor (“sacred, sworn”, “servial” and “reditual” or profitable connection). The implementation of an innovation (“profitable part”) into the manorial custom and the creation of a precedent gave him a probable opportunity to change the level of the fines paid by the copyholders at his own will (as the will of the lord).
Knighthood and Titled Nobility in the Antiquarian Episteme of the 16th — 17th Centuries
Authors: Fyodorov Sergey
Published: October 2023

The entire complex of descriptive methods, peculiar for the 16th — 17th centuries antiquarian texts, forms a kind of episteme which characterize not only a specific world vision of individual antiquarians but also a certain form of reasoning about surrounding world. Such an episteme involves specific scheme for uncovering, classification, and subsequent interpretation of different segments of surrounding reality within a particular text or a textual corpus and broadly — within tradition. These segments were convolved, modified in particular way within a textual space and only after suchlike adaptation were presented as a verbal equivalents of fragmented reality. The antiquarian tradition finds an interest in particular forms of reality qualified for grouping within political and social rubrics and with a particular accent on cognitive mapping of power institutions and social groups. The article explores in what way a knighthood and titled nobility were described within this an episteme as two genetically interrelated social groups.
Youth Political Leadership in Russia: History and Modernity
Authors: Palitai Ivan
Published: October 2023

The article is devoted to the formation of youth political leadership in modern Russia. To identify existing problems in this process, the author analyzes the historical events of the early XIX — late XX centuries, and then considers the current state of this problem. In the course of historical analysis, it was found that in cases where there was no targeted work with the youth on the part of the state, various circles and associations arose among them, the nature of which often had an anti—government character. Intensive work with the younger generation in the Soviet period of Russian history showed qualitative changes, both in the nature of the activities of youth associations, and in the state of mass consciousness of young people. The second part of the article provides the author's definition of political leadership. Based on its main aspects, an analysis of the modern features of the formation of youth political leaders is carried out. Among the problems in this process, the author highlights the little experience of political activity of young politicians, the lack of “platforms” for their communication with young people, as well as the state of the mass consciousness of young people, in which there are practically no clearly formed images of political leaders from among them.
The Florentine Commune, Society and the Guelph Party in 1382—1393: the Price of the State’s Victory
Authors: Krasnova Irina
Published: October 2023

The article deals with the correlation and confrontation of three most important socio-political structures of the commune of Florence in 1382—1393: two of them — the Guelph Party and the craft guilds — embodied corporate interests, often implemented by dictatorial methods, which the state-republic sought to resist. The main stages of the struggle, marked by the approval of three electoral lists in 1382, 1391 and 1393, are also studied, allowing us to trace the decline of the Guelph party, which began from the moment of its triumph after the overthrow of the regime of the junior craft guilds, when the attempts of the Guelph party to assert its power over society and state failed though the ideas of Guelphism underlay the communal identity of the citizens of the republic. The price of the victory of the state was paid by the inevitable narrowing of the boundaries of Florentine democracy: the emergence of extraordinary authorities, the restriction of citizens’ access to electoral lists and the formation of tendencies of oligarchic rule.
Time of Drapery Crafts and Time of Magistrates in Towns of Southern Flanders in the 14th — 15th Centuries
Authors: Mayzlish Anna
Published: October 2023

The article deals with the regulations related to the working hours of weavers as well as the traditions concerning the time of renovation of magistrates in towns of southern part of Flanders ((Douai, Kortrijk, Lille, Comines) in 14th — 15th centuries. Working hours of artisans were regulated by town authorities as it was usual for many Flemish towns in that period. They used for it so called “working bell”. Its tolling indicated the time when weavers had to start their work in the morning, have a break for lunch and finish their work in the evening. The study of the privilege granted to the weavers of Kortrijk in 1408 reveals that this craft-guild appealed to the antiquity of its traditions and regulations when it sought for their restoration after the events of Ghent’s revolt of 1379—1385. The time of the ceremonies related to the formation of the magistrates was often very long-lived. Usually the dates when the town authorities were renewed or other important procedures took place fell on the church holidays (different ones in different towns) and did not changed over the centuries. The time of the appointment of the authorities of the craft-guilds could also be connected to the date of the renewal of the magistrates.
Icelandic Volcanoes in Medieval Sagas, Chronicles, Annals and in Modern Scholarly Literature
Authors: Jackson Tatjana
Published: October 2023

Iceland is an area of incredibly active volcanic activity. Volcanic eruptions accompany life on the island from the very moment of its settlement. According to scientists, more than two hundred eruptions have occurred in historical time, the most recent of which is the eruption of the Fagradalsfjall volcano, 40 km from Reykjavik, in August 2022. Iceland is the birthplace of unique medieval literature written down in the 12th and 13th centuries. The attention of scholas is drawn to the fact that in the most famous narrative genre of Old Icelandic literature, the so-called Íslendingasögur, or Family sagas, describing life on the island in the “Saga Age”, volcanoes are not mentioned at all. The analysis carried out in this paper of references to, or descriptions of, volcanic eruptions in Landnámabók, biskupa sögur, and Icelandic annals demonstrates that their presence or absence was regulated by the requirements of the genre.
The “Cemetery War” in the Town of Mo i Rana. To the History of Soviet War Memorial Heritage in Northern Norway
Authors: Ryabichenko Arkadiy
Published: October 2023

The events surrounding the Soviet military burial site at the Mo cemetery in the town of Mo i Rana are a bright page of the Soviet military memorial heritage's history in Northern Norway. In 1945, at the burial place of 90 Soviet prisoners who worked on the construction of the Nordlandsbanen rail route, the monument was erected by their comrades. In 1948, through the efforts of the residents of Mo municipality, the monument destroyed by weather was rebuilt. Plans by the central authorities to move the remains from the cemetery to the island of Tjøtta during the all-Norwegian campaign faced with public protest led by members of the Communist Party of Norway. The removal of the remains, scheduled for November 2, 1951, didn’t take place in connection with a large-scale protest action, which later called the “cemetery war”. Residents of Mo i Rana are rightfully proud of this page in their history. In 2020, the memorial at the Mo cemetery was opened after renovation initiated by concerned citizens. In 2021, the efforts of the authorities and residents of Rana municipality to preserve the memory of Soviet soldiers’ feat were marked by Russian state awards.
On the History of Cooperation Between Russian and Swedish Social Scientists. Stockholm Center for the Study of Working Life and Russian Academic Institutes (Observations and Memories)
Authors: Plevako Natalia
Published: October 2023

The article examines the problems of cooperation between Russian and Swedish social scientists on the example of contacts between the Swedish Center for Working Life Studies and the Institute of the International Labor Movement (later ISP RAN). The basis of cooperation between the two organizations was the study of the problems of labor relations, the trade union and labor movement, and economic democracy. The existing scientific contacts made it possible to organize joint conferences and round tables for the exchange of views with the involvement of other Russian academic institutions and relevant Swedish organizations. As an example, the author considers a round table devoted to the problems of conflict and consensus in public relations between the two countries, as well as a conference on the problems of work ethics. The author comes to the conclusion about the benefits of such scientific contacts and expresses regret that they have recently lost their former dynamics.
Undén — Hammarsjöld Political Duet: the New Doctrine of Swedish Neutrality in Action
Authors: Korunova Evgenia
Published: October 2023

The aim of the article is to analyze the relationship between two Swedish politicians — Ö. Undén and D. Hammarsjöld: one of them was a creator of the Swedish foreign policy doctrine after the World War II and another was the UN secretary general. They stayed allied working together in the same department in Sweden and even after Hammarsjöld became the UN secretary general. The article shows how mutual interest to keep the peace at all levels helped to relieve world tension between conflicts’ participants. Thus, it interesting how these politicians are cross-influencing to each other and how the base principles of “home” policy was implemented in operation of international organization. Studying the political duet Undén — Hammarsjöld it supports to come to conclusion that both politicians have used similar procedures and management methods.
The Problem of Spitsbergen on the Pages of the Soviet Press in the Context of the Transformation of Soviet-Norwegian Relations During the Cold War (Based on the Materials of the Newspaper “Pravda”)
Authors: Zaretskaya Oksana
Published: October 2023

The article examines the changes in Soviet-Norwegian relations during the Cold War and the reflection in the Soviet press of one of the key issues of interaction between the USSR and Norway. After the Second World War, the strategic importance of the archipelago became obvious, so the USSR is striving to maintain its presence in Svalbard and comply with the provisions of the Svalbard Treaty of 1920, while Norway introduces its own legislation on the archipelago, limiting the rights of the countries signatories of the Svalbard Treaty. The study of the Svalbard problem and its influence on Soviet-Norwegian relations is relevant from the point of view of determining the causes of contradictions in modern Russian-Norwegian relations, changes and continuity in international politics at the present stage.
Criminal Criminality in the Russian Far East in the 1920s: Growth Factors and Counteraction Measures
Authors: Shabelnikova Natalia
Published: October 2023

The article examines the criminogenic situation in the Far Eastern region of Russia in the 1920s. The process of development of legislation regulating the fight against crime is summarized. It is noted that the fight against crime was based on an ideological doctrine, which was based on the class principle of building the Soviet state. The sources and trends of criminal criminality are identified, attention is focused on its local specifics due to socio-economic and political processes that took place in the Far East. The effectiveness of countering criminal crime by the NKVD bodies is evaluated.
“The Life of the Russian Settlers Here Turned Out to Be, However, a Difficult Ordeal for Them”: the First Attempts to Provide Medical Care to Russian Settlers in the Astrabad Province
Authors: Larin Andrey
Published: October 2023

The article is devoted to the initial stages of the organization of medical care for Russian settlers and the local population in the Astrabad province of Iran on the eve and during the First World War. Archival and published materials show the interaction of various levels and government structures of the Russian Empire on the organization of medical care for settlers, the complexity of this interaction, the activities of Red Cross detachments in Persia, and then the beginning of the activities of permanent medical and paramedic stations. It is shown that the organization of medical care to the population was due not only to practical considerations, but also to the influence of the ideas of the civilizing mission of Russia.
José Saramago e Franz Kafka: Naufrágio com a Mulher da Limpeza
Authors: Sartingen Kathrin
Published: October 2023

Na sua busca obsessiva de uma ilha desconhecida em O Conto da Ilha Desconhecida (1997) de José Saramago, o personagem denominado “homem” procura se apropriar de algo novo, desconhecido e estranho; algo que lhe permite aportar em novas margens, a adotar novas perspectivas e a viver novas experiências. O que se destaca, desde o início da narrativa, é o apoio - inicialmente despercebido e subestimado - da mulher da limpeza. Já o pobre homem do campo, em Diante da lei (A porta da lei, 1915) de Franz Kafka, porém, não logra esta forma de autorrealização pessoal. Pode-se dizer que lhe falta imaginação ou seriedade existencial em seu empreendimento, ou, na argumentação de Hans Blumenberg, a necessária “experiência filosófica desencadeadora” (BLUMENBERG, 1997, p. S. 15). Mas talvez ao homem kafkiano tenha faltado apenas uma mulher da limpeza que pudesse aguçar o seu olhar para obter o domínio sobre o próprio destino. Tendo como fundamentos a metaforologia de Hans Blumenberg (Schiffbruch mit Zuschauer, 1997), bem como questões de intertextualidade a partir de Genette e Borges, o artigo pretende estabelecer um diálogo do conto de Saramago com a parábola kafkiana, por ele desdobrada de modo absolutamente inusitado.
H. P. Lovecraft’s Ethnocentric Violence in The Horror at Red Hook
Authors: Vasconcelos Neto Hélio Parente de , Calado Katarine Maria Linhares , Freitas Luana Ferreira de
Published: October 2023

H. P. Lovecraft is considered one of the leading authors in weird fiction, science fiction, fantasy, and horror. His concept of cosmic horror changed genres and served as an inspiration for many modern writers. The author's xenophobic and ethnocentric ideas are present in his literary work, with an emphasis on the racist themes so intrinsic to the short story “The Horror at Red Hook” (1927). The paratexts of Marsely de Marco and Giovana Bomentre’s translations of the short story, both from 2018, will be analyzed. Berman's retranslation theory (1984) and Albachten and Gürçağlar's theories (2018) will be used as bibliographic sources, as well as Genette's study on paratexts and their relation to translation (1987/2018) and Joshi's biographical work (2013), in order to contextualize our findings within the broader field of Translation Studies.
HISTORY OF MUSICOLOGICAL STUDIES AT KRAKOW AND LVIV UNIVERSITIES
Authors: Hysa Oksana , Markova Elena , Androsova Daria , Petrovska Natalia , Shpak Halyna
Published: October 2023

This work deals with the system research of the activities of the departments of musicology of the Jagiellonian and Lviv Universities in the context of the Jagiellonian tradition of Poland and Ukraine in the original refraction of principles of the European musical academic education since the time of their foundation in years 1911-1912 and till the beginning of the XXI century. Besides the educational orientation of the Jagiellonian tradition have been revealed. This tradition inextricably linked with the national-confessional polysyllabity within the teacher's and student's community. It has been established that the Neojagiellonian-Panslavic worldview of the XIX – first half of the XX century was historically significant corrective component of the existence of Krakow and Lviv Universities. "Equation on the European East" of the most prominent representatives of Polish culture and art in the twentieth century was a testimony of the influence of that worldview.
MODERN TECHNOLOGIES OF TEACHER TRAINING FOR EDUCATION AND UPBRINGING OF CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL PSYCHOPHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Kharkivska Alla , Babakina Oksana , Dmytrenko Kateryna , Kapustina Olena , Piekharieva Alona
Published: October 2023

The article presents the fundamental principles of inclusive education: sociocultural context, historical background, international and national legislative and regulatory support for implementation and functioning of inclusive education, which is considered as the basis of transformational changes in the education of persons with special needs. The periodization and development prospects of children with special needs during the independence of Ukraine are presented; the newest approaches in teaching children with psychophysical features and strategies for successful implementation of inclusive practice; the role and significance of parental influence in the process of inclusive education is described.
TECHNOLOGICAL FEATURES OF IMPLEMENTING INNOVATIONS IN INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors: Levchenko Nataliia , Odarchenko Veronika , Diatlova Iryna , Kvitkin Petro , Mykhalchenko Nataliia
Published: October 2023

The article, based on the international experience and the experience of innovative activity of Ukrainian universities, analyzes not only the conceptual foundations and general innovative trends of domestic higher education, but also the peculiarities and problems of development and implementation of innovations in educational activities technologies in the process of professionalization. This approach largely determined the structure of the book, in which the chapters devoted to educational innovation strategies are correlated with the practice of implementing educational innovations in the system of professional training of future specialists.
FORMATION OF AN INCLUSIVE APPROACH IN THE EDUCATION OF CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL NEEDS (UKRAINIAN EXPERIENCE)
Authors: Shostak Olha , Nikolenko Iryna , Sereda Iryna , Pushkarova Tamara , Potapiuk Liliia
Published: October 2023

The purpose of the study is to rethink the standardized course curriculum in accordance with an inclusive approach. The method of analyzing secondary data made it possible to put forward the hypothesis that a modern Ukrainian school should be both regular and adapted to the needs of all students who attend it, considering their differences and special educational needs. Results.  The article analyzes the formation of an inclusive approach to the education of children with special educational needs in Ukrainian education based on the professional activity of a teacher's assistant (accompanying person), reveals the dilemmas faced by a school attendant in search of his professional identity, which puts him on the verge of another profession - the profession of a teacher. The novelty of the work lies in the disclosure of the problems of interprofessional relations and the field of activity of teacher assistants, which has not yet been disclosed. Based on the experience of the focus group, the author presents her own approach to inclusive education of children with special educational needs. Conclusions.  The analysis has revealed a diverse typology of teacher assistants' positions in inclusive schools in Ukraine, which reflects the delimitation of territories and borders, which complicates cooperation. It is recommended to create a national reference system of skills for teacher assistants to clearly define their scope of work in working with children with special educational needs and establish joint work trajectories with teachers. This will help to integrate knowledge, skills, and attitudes across the education sector, improve their performance and change their skills.
THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF DESIGNING THE PEDAGOGICAL PROCESS AS A SPECIAL TYPE OF GROUP ACTIVITY
Authors: Chendey Nataliya , Lebedyk Lesya , Androshchuk Ihor , Chorna Krystina , Strelnikov Viktor
Published: October 2023

In the article, categories are considered, which are used to designate project educational activities in the conditions of an educational institution. The essence, defining characteristics of this type of training are revealed. The goal, principles, tasks and functions of the implementation of educational design technology, requirements for the organization of educational design are established. It was revealed that nowadays work on an educational project causes changes in the student's personality - it contributes to his development during the independent implementation of the project. Definitions of the concepts "educational project technology" and "educational project" are proposed. It is argued that project activity is a specific type of activity aimed at creating significantly new ideas, products that are the result of creative search efforts of an individual or a team and have personal and social significance. The project method is a learning system in which students acquire knowledge and skills in the process of planning and executing projects.
INTRODUCTION OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN VOCATIONAL EDUCATION UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF INFORMATIZATION OF SOCIETY:
Authors: Truba Hanna , Radziievska Iryna , Sherman Mykhailo , Demchenko Olena , Kulichenko Alla , Havryliuk Nataliia
Published: October 2023

The use of modern innovative technologies in vocational education is an important challenge of today through the prism of technological development. The aim of the article is to analyze the introduction of innovative technologies in vocational education under the conditions of informatization of society, to determine the problems and prospects of this process. The article is written through the prism of using comparative analysis, predictive method, modeling method. The empirical study involved 170 teachers from 28 to 74 years old and the corresponding difference in professional experience from 1 to 35 years. The results demonstrated the effectiveness and prevalence of the use of information technology in professional education. Based on the materials worked out, it was proved that only 2.28% of teachers had never used information technology in their work. The most widespread in the use of appropriate computer technology and software, electronic platforms, and online courses. As a result of the analytical material, the general problems that may arise in their use in professional education are highlighted. First of all, we are talking about the insufficient level of training of teachers, trainers, etc. lack of necessary facilities, lack of means to assess the effectiveness, low salaries of teachers. The conclusions also summarize the importance of addressing continuing education as an innovative educational technology that allows you to take into account the dynamics of digital technology in the training of specialists.
Ajuste de pH na produção de fermentado alcoólico de tamarindo (Tamarindus indica L.)
Authors: Costa Ingridy Duarte , Carmo Shirlene Kelly Santos
Published: October 2023

O tamarindo é rico nutricionalmente e apresenta aspectos sensoriais atrativos para o desenvolvimento de novos produtos, como a exemplo, as bebidas alcoólicas. No entanto, este fruto in natura apresenta baixos valores de pH, que pode vir a comprometer o desenvolvimento eficaz do microrganismo fermentativo para este tipo de produto. Nesse sentido, esse trabalho teve por objetivo elaborar dois tipos de fermentados, FA (sem ajuste de pH), e o FB (com ajuste do pH), e analisar o produto quanto as suas características físico-químicas. A fermentação ocorreu em reatores bateladas com desenvolvimento anaeróbico mantidos sob controle de temperatura a 18°C, durante 15 dias, utilizando para isto o emprego do microrganismo Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ao comparar os fermentados produzidos, FA e FB, observou-se que ambos resultaram em teores alcoólicos próximos, 5,2% e 5,0%, respectivamente, encontrando-se assim, dentro dos padrões previstos em legislação, de onde se pode concluir que, a levedura utilizada apresenta eficácia na sua atividade fermentativa mesmo quando exposta ao estresse ácido do meio.
Intoxicações por agrotóxicos notificadas pelo Departamento de Vigilância em Saúde de Sousa-PB
Authors: Queiroz Paulo Roberto , Oliveira Andréa Brandão Mendes de , Coelho Luiz Fernando Oliveira
Published: October 2023

Agrotóxico é a denominação nacional dada à substância química ou mistura de substâncias utilizadas para controlar ou destruir uma variedade de organismos vivos indesejáveis. Essas substâncias são potencialmente tóxicas ao ser humano, o que as tornam perigosas para quem costuma utilizá-las sem nenhuma proteção e com bastante frequência, como é o caso da maioria dos agricultores. Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever o perfil epidemiológico das intoxicações por agrotóxicos de uso agrícola, bem com avaliar o quantitativo de casos notificados pelo Departamento de Vigilância em Saúde de Sousa/PB. Realizou-se um estudo descritivo e exploratório, com análise retrospectiva de fichas epidemiológicas de Ocorrência Toxicológica e de fichas individuais de investigação de intoxicação por agrotóxicos entre janeiro de 2008 a junho de 2013. Para o processamento dos dados foi utilizado o software Excel 2003, e a análise por meio de estatística descritiva simples. Foram analisados 13 casos, sendo que as intoxicações foram mais prevalentes no sexo masculino – 84,61%, na faixa etária de 30 a 39 anos – 46,15%, tendo 53,84%, ocorrido na zona urbana, com 61,53% dos intoxicados designando-se como agricultores. As circunstâncias mais prevalentes foram as tentativas de suicídio, com 69,23%dos casos, seguidas da exposição ocupacional, com 23,07% dos casos. Os inseticidas destacaram-se entre a classe química de maior ocorrência 38,46%dos casos, dentre os grupos químicos os organofosforados (OFs) foi o que apresentou maior incidência - 46,15% dos casos. A predominância das intoxicações por agrotóxicos, embora tenha sido inferior quando comparada aos demais estudos, foi considerada elevada. Ressalta-se ainda a importância dos estudos epidemiológicos e de políticas de educação continuada visando à prevenção deste agravo.
Vegetative growth and flowering of dragon fruit species according to branch pruning management and application of superabsorbent polymer
Authors: Rodrigues da Silva Junior Juvenal , Antônio Rocha Júnior Denis , Augusto Pereira Neto José , Cogo Andrade Fhilipe , Lessi dos Reis Luis , Ribeiro de Araújo Jonathan
Published: October 2023

The cultivation of dragon fruit has been standing out considerably in Brazil, however, although on the rise, information onthe cultivation of this fruit, such as pruning management in young orchards and the use of superabsorbent polymer in thecrop, is scarce. In this sense, in order to remedy producers’ obstacles regarding the management of orchard formation, theobjective of this study was to evaluate the influence of pruning management and the efficiency of hydrogel in the vegetativeand reproductive development in two different species of dragon fruit (Selenicereus undatus and Hylocereus polyrhizus),in addition to defining the best dose of the polymer to be used in the crop. The work was developed at IFSULDEMINAS –Machado Campus. The design used was the randomized block design, in a factorial scheme (2x2x3), the first factor beingcomposed of the two species of dragon fruit, the second, by two cladode pruning levels (with and without pruning), and thethird, by three doses of the superabsorbent polymer Hydroplan-EB® (0; 1.5; 4.5 g plant-1). The following characteristicswere evaluated: number and length of shoots; total number of flowers; total number of fruits; number of aborted flowers;picking percentage; mean fruit mass; longitudinal and transverse diameter of fruits; peel thickness; pulp yield; peel massand productivity. The practice of cladode pruning, as well as the application of the superabsorbent polymer, did not influencemost of the characteristics evaluated. Further studies should be conducted to delve deeper into the management techniquesused in this study.
Life Dedicated to Science. On the Occasion of the 90th Anniversary of the Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Corresponding Member of the RAMS, Professor B.A. Nikityuk
Authors: Alexeeva N. T. , Klochkova S. V. , Nikityuk D. B.
Published: October 2023

The article describes the main stages of the life  path and scientific creativity of Doctor of Medical Sciences, professor, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences Boris Aleksandrovich  Nikityuk  (1933–1998),  who  made  a  significant  contribution  to  the  development  of  domestic  human anatomy. Scientific interests of B.A. Nikityuk were diverse. He conducted research in the field of developmental and environmental anatomy, sports morphology, medical and biological anthropology. His studies in the field of developmental genetics are widely known. Boris Aleksandrovich was one of the most successful developers of the acceleration  doctrine,  formulated  its  laws,  developed  methods  and approaches for determining biological age. He was the first to formulate the basic laws of growth and development. The contribution of B.A. Nikityuk is generally recognized in the development of constitutional science. He formulated ideas about the local constitution, the reactivity of structures in connection with the characteristics of growth and development. The result of the  valiant  work  of  Professor  B.A.  Nikityuk  became  the  founder  of  a  scientific  school  of  anatomists.  Boris  Alexandrovich's students continue to develop his scientific ideas up to this day.
Immunohistochemical Characteristic of Intratesticular SARS-CoV-2 Invasion
Authors: Demyashkin G. A. , Kogan E. A. , Demura T. A. , Boldyrev D. V. , Vadyukhin M. A. , Zharkov N. V.
Published: October 2023

Based on studies on the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on tissues, not only pulmonary invasion but an impaired testicular function also were revealed. In single studies on small samples of patients, an increase in the number  of  apoptotic  cells,  CD138+  plasma  cells,  CD3+  T-lymphocytes,  CD20+  B-lymphocytes,  CD68+  macrophages in the interstitial tissue was found. However, a comprehensive morphological and immunohistochemical study has not been performed on a significant cohort of patients. Thus, the study of the mechanisms of influence of SARS-CoV-2 on spermatogenesis remains relevant.

The aim of the study was to carry out an immunohistochemical evaluation of spermatogenesis disorders in SARS-CoV-2 invasion.

Material and methods. For the first time, a cohort of COVID-19-positive patients was collected (n=69). The autopsy material was prepared for morphological, morphometric, and immunohistochemical analysis, and the index of spermatogenesis was calculated  to  assess  the degree of   hypospermatogenesis.  The invasion of SARS-CoV-2 was studied by immunohisto-chemical method with antibodies to the spike protein, the nucleocapsid protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and angiotensin-converting enzyme type 2 (ACE2).

Results. In the morphometric study of the testicles of patients with  COVID-19,  a  decrease  in  the  degree  of  spermatogenesis  was  observed.  Based  on  the  morphological  and morphometric analysis, as well as the decrease in the spermatogenesis index, it is highly likely that in patients with confirmed coronavirus infection over 45 years of age, the identified pathomorphological changes were more pronounced than in young people. An immunohistochemical study revealed S-protein- and nucleocapsid-positive germ cells, as well as an increase in the number of ACE2-positive germ cells, which indicates the invasion of SARS-CoV-2 into them. Conclusion. The immunophenotypic characteristics of the testicles of patients with a new coronavirus infection indicates the viral load of SARS-CoV-2, estimated by the amount of S-protein-, nucleocapsid-  and  ACE2-positive  germ  cells.  The  revealed  morphological  and  immunohistochemical  patterns  most likely indicates the development of COVID-19-associated orchitis.
Remodeling of the Blood-Air Barrier Components in the Landscape of the Far North
Authors: Margaryan A. V. , Rashevskikh O. V. , Shidin V. A. , Matvienko V. V.
Published: October 2023

The aim of the study was to evaluate the structural and functional changes in the components of the respiratory department of the lungs during the stay of experimental animals in the conditions of the Far North.

Material and methods. The experiments were carried out on white outbred male rats 140–160 g by mass on the 7-, 15- and 30th days of stay in the conditions of northern latitudes – in Kogalym (62° 26′ N and 74° 48′ E). The structural components of the blood-air barrier were studied using light microscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The thickness of cytoplasmic processes of type I pneumocytes, cytoplasmic processes of endotheliocytes of capillaries and basement membranes was determined.

Results. During all periods of stay of animals in the conditions of the Far North, thickening of the cytoplasmic processes of type I pneumocytes was noted, while the thickness of the cytoplasmic processes of endotheliocytes was significantly increased on the 7th day (p<0,032) and reached control values by the 15th day. During these periods, interstitial edema of the walls and transudate exudation in the lumen of the alveoli, multivesicular and osmophilic lamellar bodies in the cytoplasm  of  type  II  pneumocytes  were  observed,  followed  by  surfactant  release  into  the  lumen  of  the   alveoli  according to the merocrine type. Later, in the conditions of the Far North, there was a tendency to decrease the main indicators of the blood-air barrier. There were single blood cells in the lumen of the alveoli, Kohn pores between the alveoli, and the merocrine type of surfactant release into the lumen of the alveoli was preserved in type II pneumocytes.

Conclusion. As a result of the research, it was established that in the early periods of the animals' stay in the conditions of the Far North, there is an increase in the main components of blood-air barrier (cytoplasmic  processes  of  type  I  pneumocytes,  basal  membranes  and  capillary  endotheliocytes).  In  the  early stages of animal adaptation, the phenomena of interstitial edema of the walls with transudation into their lumen are noted in individual alveoli. By the 30th day, there is a tendency to decrease the main indicators of the blood-air barrier compared to previous terms, but they do not reach the control values; the surfactant yield in the apical part of type II pneumocytes by the merocrine type is preserved.
Morphological and Functional Changes in Gum Tissues During Intoxication with Thiram Followed by Correction with Vitamin C and Silybum Extract
Authors: Mishina E. S. , Korolev V. A. , Fel'ker E. V. , Mnikhovich M. V.
Published: October 2023

The widespread use of pesticides can lead to disruption of the ecological balance between the external environment and the human body, provoking the development of oxidative stress, which leads to an increase in toxic forms of damage to organs and systems of the macroorganism. The present study shows the effect of subchronic intoxication with the fungicide tiram on the morphological and functional state of gum tissues, as well as the use of plant antioxidants of vitamin C and silybum extract to stop the inflammatory process and  to increase  the regenerative potential of gum structural components.

The aim was to study of morphofuncmorphofunctional changes in gum tissue during subchronic intoxication with the fungicide tiram and correction with  vitamin  C  and  silybum  extract.

Material  and  methods.  The  experiment  was  performed  on  150  male Wistar rats, which were orally administered the fungicide thiram for 28 days, followed by antioxidant therapy. Morphofunctional changes in the mucosal epithelium and the cellular composition of the subepithelial layer were analyzed to assess the severity of inflammatory changes in histological preparations. Fibroblastic differon cells, macrophages and inflammatory cells of granulocytes and lymphocytes were differentiated by karyological signs, and the thickness of the epithelial layer, the areas occupied by the fibrous, vascular and cellular components were measured.

Results.  According  to  the  results  of  the  morphological  and  morphometric  analysis,  pathomorphological changes in the gum structure caused by pesticide intoxication were reliably proven. After the use of antioxidants,  there  was  a  significant  decrease  in  inflammatory processes  in  non-resident  cells,  the  number  of blood vessels in the lamina propria, as well as interstitial edema in it. Reparative processes were manifested by the migration of fibroblastic cells, the initiation of collagenogenesis, and an increase in the fibrous component.

Conclusion. Thus, the effect of using silybum extract and vitamin C as a means of normalizing the morphofunctional state of gum tissue after thiram intoxication has been shown.
The Role of Some Free-Ranging Animals in the Transmission of Multi-Host Species of Cryptosporidium Spp.
Authors: Mirzaghavami Mehran , Sadraei Javid , Pirestani Majid , Bahadory Saeed
Published: October 2023

Background:  We aimed to characterize Cryptosporidium spp. in rats, cats, pigeons, and crows.
Methods: Fifty-five animal origin Cryptosporidium spp. genome were identified, genotyped and confirmed by nested PCR and of RFLP-PCR analysis as well as sequenced based on 18s rRNA and gp60 genes in Tehran (2012-2019). Finally, the phylogenetic analysis was performed by MEGA software (version 7).
Results: By the molecular method, Cryptosporidium spp. were detected in 24 (15.2%), 15 (15%), 2 (2%) and 13 (13%) cases of wild rats, cat, pigeon, and crow, respectively. Among the identified species by the RFLP pattern, most isolates were identified as C. parvum (24/157) 17.8% in rats, (15/100) 15% in cats, (13/100) 13%in crew and (2/100) 2% in pigeons; and the rest of the cases were C. muris and C. felis. The results of sequencing did not prove the existence of C. parvum, C. felis, C. muris, and rat genotype. Subtyping of C. parvum was indicated that the dominant subtype family belongs to the IId family and the subtype A20G1 was the most common subtype detected in all hosts while A19G1 was detected in one isolate of cat and pigeon.
Conclusion: Free-ranging animals are infected by species/subtype of Cryptosporidium, which can infect humans. This shows by itself the hygienic importance of the free-ranging animals in urban ecosystems. In the transmission of human cryptosporidiosis, the multi-host Cryptosporidium species such as C. parvum, C. felis, and C. muris can be transferred potentially from these animals to humans.
New Primers for Detection and Differentiation between Leishmania viannia and L. leishmania Subgenera by Polymerase Chain Reaction
Authors: Calvopiña Manuel , Fonseca-Carrera David , Villacrés-Granda Irina , Toapanta Alberto , Chiluisa-Guacho Carlos , Bastidas-Caldes Carlos
Published: October 2023

Background: Leishmania is the parasitic protozoan responsible for leishmaniases, a disease that can cause a range of cutaneous, mucosal, and visceral infections. Two subgenera L. Viannia and L. Leishmania are known to infect humans in the tropics and subtropics of the Americas. The aim of the present study was to develop a new pair of primers for the two subgenera and test in clinical samples.
Methods: We designed two new pairs of primers for a PCR method from two conserved genes, cysteine proteinase B (cpb) and N-acetylglucosamine-6-phosfate deacetylase-like protein (nagA), as specific markers for those two respective subgenera. Primers were tested with 16 microscopical positive clinical samples from the Amazon region of Ecuador obtained in 2010-2020 period.
Results: The cpb presented a band of 172 bp and the nagA a band of 300 bp, thus clearly differentiating L. viannia from L. leishmania. Additionally, primers identified and differentiated the clinical samples in the two subgenera.
Conclusion: The new primers targeting different two genes and standardized in a PCR assay could identified and differentiated Leishmania parasites at subgenus level. This protocol could be used for Leishmania genus identification and diagnosis at the subgenus level and for determining the parasite's geographical distribution where different Leishmania subgenera are found in the same area.
Gallbladder Hydatid Disease Complicated with Multiple Hepato-biliopancreatic Fistulae: A Case Report
Authors: Pösteki Gökhan
Published: October 2023

Gallbladder is a rare localization for hydatid disease. Complications are even rarer and precise diagnosis is quite difficult even with radiological assistance. We report a rare case of 41-yr-old male patient presenting with the rupture of a gallbladder hydatid cyst with multiple fistulae to intra and extrahepatic bile ducts and pancreas, at Kocaeli State Hospital, Turkey in 2021. The patient had abdominal pain and abdominal CT scan reported a bizarre “contrast enhanced cholangiography” sign - radiopaque contrast substance in gallbladder, intra and extrahepatic bile ducts and pancreatic ducts, with concomitant acute cholecystitis. Surgery was performed and intraoperatively gallbladder hydatid cyst with multiple fistulae was noted. Cholecystectomy with total cyst excision was performed. Endoscopic retrograde cholangio pancreatography (ERCP) was utilized to irrigate and eradicate the parasite in the fistulae tracts localized near pancreas and intra/extrahepatic ducts. Postoperative period was uneventful, antiparasitic treatment was started, and in the yearly follow-up patient had no recurrence. Multidisciplinary and minimal invasive management is crucial in such bizarre, complicated cases