bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Software system for contactless text input based on computer vision
Authors: Peresunko Pavel , Alexander Bochkarev , Larionov Egor , Peresunko Evgenia , Kosheleva Victoria , Kovalev Igor
Published: January 2024

Abstract. The article is devoted to the problem of contactless human-computer interaction. The task of entering text from an optimized on-screen keyboard using cursor control based on data received from a video camera is considered, including if the user has motor impairments. A software system consisting of two applications is proposed for cursor control and text input based on computer vision algorithms. A diagram of the system operation and interaction of components and basic user settings are presented. As a result, testing was carried out using a focus group, in which participants had to enter free text using the proposed software system. Experiments have shown the functionality of the system.
Algorithm for extracting contours of agricultural crops images
Authors: Mamatov Narzillo , Jalelova Malika , Samijonov Boymirzo , Samijonov Abdurashid
Published: January 2024

Abstract.Currently, identification of crop diseases and their prevention is one of the main problems in the field of agriculture. Conventional visual inspection is a time and money consuming process for farms. Therefore, images taken by unmanned aerial devices or satellites are used to assess the condition of crops, control them and identify diseases. In particular, when identifying crop diseases, it is necessary to first solve the problem of automatic recognition of their type through the image of crops. Usually contour separation algorithms are widely used in the segmentation of objects in the image. This work is aimed at solving the problem of separating the contour of the object, in which algorithms are formed based on Canny, Sobel and Robinson filters, which are considered to be popular and classical methods of contour separation, and their various combinations. In the computational experiments, a set of contour images, whose contours were separated by an expert, was used. Evaluation was performed by comparing the image obtained by applying the combination of filters to the original image and the corresponding contour image pixels separated by an expert. The proposed approach has been tested on a set of plant leaf images and shown to be effective.
Speech enhancement augmentation for robust speech recognition in noisy environments
Authors: Nasretdinov Rauf , Lependin Andrey , Ilyashenko Ilya
Published: January 2024

Abstract. The use of augmentations as a data enrichment method has become an important element in improving the performance of speech recognition systems. To work effectively in noisy conditions, augmentation is usually used to simulate the presence of background noise. However, the quality of speech recognition on samples pre-processed by noise reduction models does not increase. This paper proposes a new approach to speech data augmentation when training ASR systems, intended for their joint use with models for speech enhancement. It was based on the creation of several additional data samples containing speech samples processed by the enhancement model. The proposed approach was tested on the E-Branchformer neural network model using data from the Librispeech set. The quality of speech samples was assessed using the DNSMOS metric. By means of a 100-hour sample of clean speech samples it was shown that the proposed augmentation allows for an improvement in the WER metric of more than 4% in absolute value compared to the generally accepted approach based on adding noisy speech samples. Experiments on 960-hour data demonstrated the robustness of this approach as the training set size increased.
Issues with generative artificial intelligence tools
Authors: Labazanova Saida K. , Aygumov Timur G. , Mursaliev Marat Kh.
Published: January 2024

Technological progress thrives any industry with its correct implementation. Technological improvement further levels up implemented fields. Although, the results not always pleasing to the eye and pockets. The idea is that technology is and will have some issues, varying from mild to severe. In the era of refined technology, one shines out from the most, and it is artificial intelligence. Its capabilities are enormous and application thus vast. The innovation branched into the different tools, that it is hard for one to follow and use the new ones, that emerges almost daily. This article will be focusing on the generative tools that are capable of mimicking almost anything, starting from text and ending with long sequences of imageries. Above all on its issues. As an outcome of the last, the possible solutions will also be discussed.
Distributed collaborative scheduling technology for random access in real-time
Authors: Huang Bohua , Xiao Yong , Liu Jianping , Yang Fan , Gao Huili , Song Jianguo , Zhu Jun , Yang Bohang , Li Minggui
Published: January 2024

The planning and deployment of mega constellations has posed increasing pressure on the existing telemetry, track and command (TTC) resource scheduling strategy. The current plan-based scheduling strategy distributes resources according to needs, however, it cannot address sudden resource requests with prompt responses. By analyzing the status quo of resource scheduling systems, we have proposed a distributed collaborative scheduling technology for random access in real-time, based on the theory of low costs and rapid transfers of scheduling task resources. First, we use knowledge graph technology to map the link between scheduling tasks and idle resources and develop a graph network. Furthermore, by analyzing and evaluating the resource transfer capability of a multi-target TTC system in hemispherical coverage (MT-TTC), we propose the concept of a virtual resource pool and develop a two-layer scheduling framework in which the central scheduling system coordinates with multiple regional systems. This scheduling strategy works well when a sudden TTC request occurs. The central system manages the satellite requests and make plans, while regional systems are responsible for handling the sudden requests and report to the central system on its resource change. With regional systems sharing some degree of autonomy, the central system making a final decision and systems across the framework coordinating in real-time, we design a model on resource transfers for MT-TTC equipment and a collaboration mechanism that coordinates the resource transfers across MT-TTC equipment and other single-beam equipment within and between regions. We do experiments in simulation scheduling environments. The results show that the regional scheduling system based on MT-TTC equipment is able to manage continuous random-access requests in real-time, and avoid resource conflicts across regions by collaborating with the central scheduling system. It is of value to be applied in real scenarios.
Die NADA-Akupunktur
Authors: Slivar Melanie
Published: January 2024

Mit Akupunktur, die ihren Ursprung in der traditionellen chinesischen Medizin hat, lassen sich viele Symptome behandeln. Eine spezielle, einfach zu erlernende und umsetzbare Form der Ohrakupunktur ist die NADA-Akupunktur. Sie kann bei verschiedenen körperlichen und psychischen sowie psychosomatischen Beschwerden angewendet werden. Jedoch ist ihr Nutzen wissenschaftlich nicht eindeutig belegt. Dies könnte ein Grund sein, weshalb es gegenüber dieser Methode, die als eine überwiegend nonverbale und nichtkonfrontative Behandlung gilt, immer noch Widerstände gibt. Im Interventionskoffer geben wir einen kurzen Überblick und stellen beispielhaft eine Sitzung dar.
Aromapflege bei akut psychiatrisch erkrankten Menschen
Authors: Klotzek Lisa
Published: January 2024

Die Aromapflege kann Patient*innen dabei helfen, zu entspannen, die eigene Wahrnehmung zu sensibilisieren und eine vertrauensvolle Beziehung zu den Pflegefachpersonen aufzubauen. Wie es gelingt, mit Düften die individuelle Gesundheit der Patient*innen zu fördern, erfahren Sie in diesem Artikel.
Kommunikative Kompetenz als Schlüsselfaktor
Authors: Blumenrode Stefan
Published: January 2024

In der psychiatrischen Arbeit ist Kommunikation das Hauptwerkzeug, um eine vertrauensvolle und unterstützende Beziehung zu den Patienten aufzubauen. Dabei ist es wichtig, eine wertschätzende Sprache zu verwenden, die die Würde und Autonomie der Patienten respektiert, ihren individuellen Bedürfnissen und Erfahrungen gerecht wird und somit die Wirksamkeit der Behandlung fördert. Wie Sie Ihre kommunikative Kompetenz stärken können, erfahren Sie in diesem Schwerpunkt.
Gewaltfreie Kommunikation
Authors: Mattenklotz Joergen
Published: January 2024

Wenn wir ärgerlich oder wütend sind, neigen wir dazu, unser Gegenüber zu bewerten oder zu verurteilen – es kommt zum Konflikt. Dabei ist in solchen Situationen nicht nur wichtig, was wir sagen, sondern auch, wie wir uns ausdrücken. Hier setzt die Gewaltfreie Kommunikation an, die davon ausgeht, dass hinter den meisten Konflikten unerfüllte oder falsch kommunizierte Bedürfnisse stehen. Werden diese reflektiert und klar geäußert, kann sich eine wertschätzende Beziehung entwickeln.
The Frequency and Severity of Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Rugby
Players
Authors: Chantler Sarah , Wood-Martin Ruth , Holliday Adrian , Davison Glen , Crabtree Daniel R. , Readhead Clint , Jones Ben
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to assess the self-reported frequency and severity of
gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS) at rest and around rugby training and match play
in male and female rugby union players. An online questionnaire was sent to
registered rugby union players (sevens or fifteens). Thirteen GIS were assessed
alongside perceptions of appetite around rugby and rest using Likert and visual
analog scales. Questions investigating a range of medical and dietary factors
were included. Three hundred and twenty-five players (male n=271, female
n=54) participated in the study. More frequent GIS (at least one GIS
experienced weekly/more often) was reported by players at rest
(n=203; 62%) compared to around rugby (n=154;
47%). The overall severity of GIS was low (mild discomfort), but a
portion of players (33%) did report symptoms of moderate severity around
rugby. Female players reported more frequent and severe symptoms compared to
male counterparts (p<0.001). Self-reported appetite was
significantly lower after matches compared to training. There were no dietary or
medical factors associated with GIS severity scores. This study describes GIS
characteristics in male and female rugby union players. Half of the players
assessed experienced some form of GIS that may affect nutrition, training, or
performance, and should thus be a consideration for practitioners supporting
this cohort.
Neuralgische Amyotrophie – eine entzündliche
Neuropathie und ihre operative Behandlung
Authors: Pöschl Peter , Pham Mirko , Pedro Maria Teresa , Antoniadis Gregor
Published: January 2024

Hintergrund  Die Neuralgische Amyotrophie (NA) ist eine mono- bzw.
oligofokale entzündliche Neuropathie, deren Inzidenz deutlich
unterschätzt wurde. Ein Zusammenhang von Konstriktionen und Torsionen an
peripheren Nerven mit dieser Erkrankung konnte in den letzten Jahren zunehmend
hergestellt werden. Moderne bildgebende Verfahren wie hochauflösender
Nervenultraschall und die MR-Neurographie haben dazu beigetragen, die
Pathophysiologie besser zu verstehen und die Prognose der Erkrankung besser
einschätzen zu können. Daraus hat sich das Konzept entwickelt,
Patienten mit solchen fokalen Veränderungen einer operativen Therapie
zuzuführen, um die Prognose zu verbessern. Die folgende Arbeit stellt
aktuelle Vorstellungen zu Pathophysiologie, Klinik und Diagnostik und Therapie
der Erkrankung dar.

Patienten und Methoden In einer retrospektiven Studie wurden die
prä-, intra- und postoperativen Befunde bei 22 Patienten mit 23
Konstriktionen/Torsionen an peripheren Nerven der oberen
Extremität analysiert. Die Patienten wurden in einem Zeitraum von 3,5
Jahren (Dez. 2019–Mai 2023) in einem nervenchirurgischen Zentrum
operiert. Am häufigsten war der N. medianus (N=9), gefolgt von
N. suprascapularis (N=6) und N. radialis (N=4) betroffen. Ferner
waren der N. axillaris (N=3) und der N. accessorius (N=1)
beteiligt. Bei der operativen Exploration fanden sich Nerventorsionen
(N=9), Nervenkonstriktionen (N=5), faszikuläre Torsionen
(N=12) und faszikuläre Konstriktionen (N=9). Je nach
intraoperativem Befund wurden Epineuriotomien (N=1), Epi- und
Perineuriotomien (N=33), End-zu-End-Nähte (N=2), und je
eine epi- und perineurale Naht vorgenommen.

Ergebnisse Nach einer Nachbeobachtungszeit von durchschnittlich 10 Monaten
(3-28 Monate) gaben alle 17 erneut untersuchten Patienten eine eindeutige
subjektive Besserung der motorischen Ausfälle an. Klinisch und
elektromyographisch konnte bei diesen Patienten eine Reinnervation und deutliche
Kraftzunahme von einem vorbestehenden Kraftgrad M0 zu mindestens M3, in der
überwiegenden Mehrheit der betroffenen Muskeln nachgewiesen werden.

Zusammenfassung Die NA ist eine Erkrankung, deren Inzidenz weiterhin
unterschätzt wird und die bei einem erheblichen Anteil der Patienten zu
permanenten motorischen Defiziten führt, die mit hoher
Wahrscheinlichkeit Konstriktionen und Torsionen der betroffenen Nerven
geschuldet sind. Eine möglichst frühzeitige operative Therapie
dieser Patienten ist zu empfehlen. Mit einer Epi- und Perineuriotomie
können in der Regel sehr gute Ergebnisse erzielt werden. In seltenen
Fällen sind eine End-zu-End-Naht oder eine autologe Transplantation
erforderlich.
Cannabidiol and its Potential Evidence-Based Psychiatric Benefits
– A Critical Review
Authors: Dammann Inga , Rohleder Cathrin , Leweke F. Markus
Published: January 2024

The endocannabinoid system shows promise as a novel target for treating
psychiatric conditions. Cannabidiol (CBD), a naturally occurring cannabinoid,
has been investigated in several psychiatric conditions, with diverse effects
and an excellent safety profile compared to standard treatments. Even though the
body of evidence from randomised clinical trials is growing, it remains
relatively limited in most indications. This review comprises a comprehensive
literature search to identify clinical studies on the effects of CBD in
psychiatric conditions. The literature search included case studies, case
reports, observational studies, and RCTs published in English before July 27,
2023, excluding studies involving nabiximols or cannabis extracts containing CBD
and ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol. Completed studies were
considered, and all authors independently assessed relevant publications.

Of the 150 articles identified, 54 publications were included, covering the
effects of CBD on healthy subjects and various psychiatric conditions, such as
schizophrenia, substance use disorders (SUDs), anxiety, post-traumatic stress
disorder (PTSD), and autism spectrum disorders. No clinical studies have been
published for other potential indications, such as alcohol use disorder,
borderline personality disorder, depression, dementia, and
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. This critical review
highlights that CBD can potentially ameliorate certain psychiatric conditions,
including schizophrenia, SUDs, and PTSD. However, more controlled studies and
clinical trials, particularly investigating the mid- to long-term use of CBD,
are required to conclusively establish its efficacy and safety in treating these
conditions. The complex effects of CBD on neural activity patterns, likely by
impacting the endocannabinoid system, warrant further research to reveal its
therapeutic potential in psychiatry.
Die standardisierte Erfassung psychosozialer Hilfebedarfe innerhalb
der psychiatrischen Akutbehandlung im sozialpädagogischen
Beratungskontext
Authors: Wills Christin
Published: January 2024

Bei Menschen mit psychischen Erkrankungen liegen häufig komplexe soziale
Problemlagen vor. Bisher gibt es in der akutpsychiatrischen Versorgung keine
systematisierte/standardisierte Erfassung von sozialen Hilfebedarfen.
Ein Grund hierfür ist der Mangel an adäquaten Instrumenten und
die zunehmende Arbeitsverdichtung. Die Übersichtsarbeit analysiert
etablierte Bedarfserhebungsinstrumente hinsichtlich der Eignung zur Bearbeitung
der Fragestellung. Es wird deutlich, dass diese Instrumente ungenügend
geeignet für eine strukturierte Erfassung des psychosozialen
Hilfebedarfs sind. Hieraus ergibt sich die Notwendigkeit für die
Entwicklung eines kurzen und standardisierten Instruments zur Erfassung des
psychosozialen Hilfebedarfs, welches als Teil der multiprofessionellen
Diagnostik innerhalb der psychiatrischen Versorgung eingesetzt werden kann.
Relationship Between Fasting Blood Glucose and Readmission Within 1
Year in Elderly Patients with Heart Failure
Authors: Wang Danning , Wu Sumin
Published: January 2024

Introduction Elevated blood glucose has been linked to unfavorable
outcomes among individuals with heart failure (HF). Nevertheless, evidence is
scarce regarding the association between fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels and
the likelihood of readmission within one year for elderly patients. To address
this gap, a retrospective cohort study was conducted, integrating electronic
health records of restricted health data from PhysioNet.

Methods The study focused on HF patients aged 60 years and older,
utilizing baseline data, comorbidities, and laboratory test results as
covariates. A total of 374 patients were included in the study. The relationship
between 1-year readmission rates and various glucose levels was assessed using
Kaplan-Meier plots. The analysis employed three multivariate Cox regression
models to examine patients with varying glucose levels.

Results Following adjustments for relevant factors, an association was
observed between FBG levels and the rate of readmission in elderly patients with
HF (HR=1.0264 [95% CI 0.9994–1.0541]). The diabetes
group faced a higher risk of readmission compared to the normal group. However,
this difference in outcome events was not statistically significant, with hazard
ratios and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals of 1.2134
(0.9811~1.5007), 1.2393 (0.9993~1.5371), and 1.1905
(0.9570~1.4809), respectively. The robustness of the model was further
demonstrated through risk models with subgroup analysis, revealing that FBG
levels consistently exerted a stable effect on outcome events, unaffected by
covariates such as age, gender, body mass index, glomerular filtration rate, and
brain natriuretic peptide.

Conclusion These findings suggest a notable association between elevated
FBG at the time of initial hospitalization and the likelihood of readmission
within one year among elderly patients with HF.
Predictors of persistent pain after extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy for painful chronic calcific pancreatitis
Authors: Gurav Nitish , Jagtap Nitin , Koppoju Vinod , Sekhramantri Kiran , Asif Shujaath , Tandan Manu , Lakhtakia Sundeep , Kalapala Rakesh , Ramchandani Mohan , Talukdar Rupjyoti , Basha Jahangeer , Nabi Zaheer , Memon Sana Fatima , Darisetty Santosh , Rao Guduru Venkat , Reddy D. Nageshwar
Published: January 2024

Background Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) and/or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) are recommended as first-line therapy for painful uncomplicated chronic pancreatitis with obstructed main pancreatic duct (MPD) in the pancreas head/body. However, predictors of pain relief after ESWL are unknown. We evaluated independent predictors of persistent pain in patients who underwent ESWL for chronic pancreatitis.

Methods 640 consecutive adult patients with chronic pancreatitis, who underwent successful ESWL with ERCP and pancreatic duct (PD) stent placement, were followed for 12 months. The pain was assessed at baseline and at 12 months using the Izbicki Pain Score, with a score decrease of >50% considered pain relief. Independent predictors of pain relief were derived from logistic regression analysis.

Results Of 640 patients (mean age 36.71 [SD 12.19] years; 60.5% men), 436 (68.1%) had pain relief and 204 (31.9%) had persistent pain. On univariate analysis, older age, male sex, alcohol and tobacco intake, longer duration of symptoms, dilated MPD and MPD stricture were associated with persistent pain at 12 months (P<0.05). Consumption of alcohol (odds ratio [OR] 1.93, 95%CI 1.26–2.97), tobacco (OR 4.09, 95%CI 2.43–6.90), duration of symptoms (OR 1.02, 95%CI 1.01–1.04), MPD size (OR 1.22, 95%CI 1.11–1.33), and MPD stricture (OR 8.50, 95%CI 5.01–14.42) were independent predictors of persistent pain.

Conclusions Alcohol, tobacco, duration of symptoms, MPD size and stricture were independent predictors of persistent pain after successful ESWL. A multidisciplinary team approach that includes behavioral therapy and surgical options should be considered for such patients.
Determinants of V̇+O2peak Changes After Aerobic Training
in Coronary Heart Disease Patients
Authors: Girault Axel , Leprêtre Pierre-Marie , Trachsel Lukas-Daniel , Besnier Florent , Boidin Maxime , Lalongé Julie , Juneau Martin , Bherer Louis , Nigam Anil , Gayda Mathieu
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to highlight the ventilatory and circulatory determinants of
changes in ˙VO2peak after exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (ECR)
in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Eighty-two CHD patients
performed, before and after a 3-month ECR, a cardiopulmonary exercise testing
(CPET) on a bike with gas exchanges measurements (˙VO2peak, minute
ventilation, i. e., ˙VE), and cardiac output (Q˙c). The arteriovenous difference
in O2 (C(a-v¯)O2) and the alveolar capillary gradient in
O2 (PAi-aO2) were calculated using Fick’s laws. Oxygen
uptake efficiency slope (OUES) was calculated. A 5.0% cut off was applied for
differentiating non- (NR: ˙VO2<0.0%), low (LR: 0.0≤
∆˙VO2<5.0%), moderate (MR: 5.0≤∆˙VO2 < 10.0%),
and high responders (HR: ∆˙VO2≥10.0%) to ECR. A total of 44% of
patients were HR (n=36), 20% MR (n=16), 23% LR (n=19), and 13% NR (n=11). For
HR, the ˙VO2peak increase (p<0.01) was associated with increases
in ˙VE (+12.8±13.0 L/min, p<0.01),
(+1.0±0.9 L/min, p<0.01), and C(a-v¯)O2
(+2.3±2.5 mLO2/100 mL, p<0.01). MR patients were characterized
by+6.7±19.7 L/min increase in ˙VE (p=0.04) and+0.7±1.0 L/min of Q˙c (p<0.01). ECR induced decreases in
˙VE (p=0.04) and C(a-v¯)O2 (p<0.01) and a Q˙c increase in LR and NR patients
(p<0.01). Peripheral and ventilatory responses more than central adaptations
could be responsible for the ˙VO2peak change with ECR in CHD
patients.
Optimal Delivery Management for the Prevention of Early Neonatal SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Chan Christina S. , Kong Juin Yee , Sultana Rehena , Mundra Vatsala , Babata Kikelomo L. , Mazzarella Kelly , Adhikari Emily H. , Yeo Kee Thai , Hascoët Jean-Michel , Brion Luc P.
Published: January 2024

Objective Delivery management interventions (DMIs) were recommended to prevent delivery-associated transmission of maternal SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) to infants without evidence of effect on early neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infection (ENI) and neonatal death <28 days of life (ND). This systematic review describes different DMI combinations and the frequency of ENI and ND.

Study Design Individual patient data were collected from articles published from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2021 from Cochrane review databases, Medline, and Google Scholar. Article inclusion criteria were: documented maternal SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive status 10 days before delivery or symptomatic at delivery with a positive test within 48 hours, known delivery method, and known infant SARS-CoV-2 PCR result. Primary outcomes were ENI (positive PCR at 12 hours to 10 days) and ND. All characteristics were pooled using the DerSimonian–Laird inverse variance method. Primary outcome analyses were performed using logit transformation and random effect. Pooled results were expressed as percentages (95% confidence intervals). Continuity correction was applied for all pooled results if any included study has 0 event.

Results A total of 11,075 publications were screened. 117 publications representing 244 infants and 230 mothers were included. All publications were case reports. ENI and ND were reported in 23.4% (18.2–29.18) and 2.1% (0.67–4.72) of cases, respectively. Among cases with available information, DMIs were reported for physical environment (85–100%), delivery-specific interventions (47–100%), and infant care practices (80–100%). No significant comparisons could be performed between different DMI combinations due to small sample size.

Conclusion The evidence supporting any DMI in SARS-CoV-2-infected mothers to prevent ENI or ND is extremely limited. Limitations of this meta-analysis include high risk of bias, small sample size, and large confidence intervals. This identifies the need for multinational database generation and specific studies designed to provide evidence of DMI guidelines best suited to prevent transmission from mother to neonate.

Key Points
Differential Diagnosis of “Foot Drop”: Implications for Peripheral Nerve Surgery
Authors: Seruya Mitchel
Published: January 2024

Background At least 128,000 patients in the United States each year suffer from foot drop. This is a debilitating condition, marked by the inability to dorsiflex and/or evert the affected ankle. Such patients are rendered to a lifetime of relying on an ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) for walking and nighttime to prevent an equinovarus contracture.

Methods This narrative review explores the differential diagnosis of foot drop, with a particular focus on clinical presentation and recovery, whether spontaneously or through surgery.

Results Contrary to popular belief, foot drop can be caused by more than just insult to the common peroneal nerve at the fibular head (fibular tunnel). It is a common endpoint for a diverse spectrum of nerve injuries, which may explain its relatively high prevalence. From proximal to distal, these conditions include lumbar spine nerve root damage, sciatic nerve palsy at the sciatic notch, and common peroneal nerve injury at the fibular head. Each nerve condition is marked by a unique clinical presentation, frequency, likelihood for spontaneous recovery, and cadre of peripheral nerve techniques.

Conclusion The ideal surgical technique for treating foot drop, other than neurolysis for compression, remains elusive as traditional peripheral nerve procedures have been marred by a wide spectrum of functional results. Based on a careful understanding of why past techniques have achieved limited success, we can formulate a working set of principles to help guide surgical innovation moving forward, such as fascicular nerve transfer.
Development of a Prediction Model for Surgery or Early Mortality at the Time of Initial Assessment for Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Authors: Nayak Sujir P. , Sánchez-Rosado Mariela , Reis Jordan D. , Brown L. Steven , Mangona Kate L. , Sharma Priya , Nelson David B. , Wyckoff Myra H. , Pandya Samir , Mir Imran N. , Brion Luc P.
Published: January 2024

Objective No available scale, at the time of initial evaluation for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), accurately predicts, that is, with an area under the curve (AUC) ≥0.9, which preterm infants will undergo surgery for NEC stage III or die within a week.

Study Design This is a retrospective cohort study (n = 261) of preterm infants with <33 weeks' gestation or <1,500 g birth weight with either suspected or with definite NEC born at Parkland Hospital between 2009 and 2021. A prediction model using the new HASOFA score (Hyperglycemia, Hyperkalemia, use of inotropes for Hypotension during the prior week, Acidemia, Neonatal Sequential Organ Failure Assessment [nSOFA] score) was compared with a similar model using the nSOFA score.

Results Among 261 infants, 112 infants had NEC stage I, 68 with NEC stage II, and 81 with NEC stage III based on modified Bell's classification. The primary outcome, surgery for NEC stage III or death within a week, occurred in 81 infants (surgery in 66 infants and death in 38 infants). All infants with pneumoperitoneum or abdominal compartment syndrome either died or had surgery. The HASOFA and the nSOFA scores were evaluated in 254 and 253 infants, respectively, at the time of the initial workup for NEC. Both models were internally validated. The HASOFA model was a better predictor of surgery for NEC stage III or death within a week than the nSOFA model, with greater AUC 0.909 versus 0.825, respectively, p < 0.001. Combining HASOFA at initial assessment with concurrent or later presence of abdominal wall erythema or portal gas improved the prediction surgery for NEC stage III or death with AUC 0.942 or 0.956, respectively.

Conclusion Using this new internally validated prediction model, surgery for NEC stage III or death within a week can be accurately predicted at the time of initial assessment for NEC.

Key Points
A CT Radiologic Assessment of the Incidence of Cochlear–Facial Dehiscence and the Thickness of Bone between the Cochlea and Facial Nerve among Normal Temporal Bones
Authors: Nayeri Diba , Gopen Quinton
Published: January 2024

Cochlear–facial dehiscence (CFD) is a relatively new diagnosis which occurs when the bony partition between the labyrinthine segment of the facial nerve and the cochlea is dehiscent. This is considered one of several third window lesions which produce varying degrees of auditory and vestibular symptoms. Imaging studies have identified a consistently higher incidence of CFD when compared with the only histopathologic study present in the literature. This research effort adds to the literature using uniform computed tomography scan images across over 226 ears (114 patients) to identify the radiographic incidence of CFD in normal patients without ear pathology or symptoms. This study identified an incidence of 18.1% of the ears analyzed having dehiscence without any correlation to age or gender. When dehiscence was not identified, the mean thickness of bone between the cochlea and the facial nerve was 0.60 ± 0.24 mm.
A Systematic Review of Efficacy and Safety of Plasma-Derived von Willebrand Factor/Factor VIII Concentrate (Voncento) in von Willebrand Disease
Authors: Rugeri Lucia , Thomas Will , Schirner Kathrin , Heyder Lisa , Auerswald Günter
Published: January 2024

Background For the treatment of von Willebrand disease (VWD), von Willebrand factor (VWF) concentrates can be used in on-demand, long-term prophylaxis, and surgical prophylaxis regimens.

Methods This systematic literature review was conducted to evaluate the efficacy, consumption, and safety of plasma-derived human coagulation FVIII/human VWF (pdVWF/FVIII; Voncento/Biostate) for the treatment of patients with any inherited VWD type. An electronic search was conducted in MEDLINE and Cochrane Library databases on VWD therapies. All retrieved publications were assessed against predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria following the Cochrane group recommendations. Associated pharmacovigilance data were collected across the same time period.

Results Eleven publications from eight study cohorts were identified for data retrieval. All were from multicenter studies and included both pediatric and adult patients. Eight publications included evaluations of the efficacy of pdVWF/FVIII for on-demand treatment, eight included long-term prophylactic treatment, and eight included surgical prophylaxis. Treatment protocols and VWF administration methods differed between studies, as did safety evaluations. The clinical response was rated as excellent/good for on-demand treatment in 66 to 100% of nonsurgical bleeds, 89 to 100% in the treatment of breakthrough bleeds during long-term prophylaxis treatment, and hemostatic efficacy in surgical procedures was 75 to 100%. Pharmacovigilance data confirmed a low incidence of adverse events in treated patients.

Conclusion This review provides a comprehensive summary of studies that evaluated the use of pdVWF/FVIII in VWD demonstrating the long-term effectiveness and safety of this pdVWF/FVIII across all ages, types of VWD, and treatment settings.
Synthesis of New Highly Functionalized Quinolines via a Novel FeIII-Catalyzed Domino aza-Michael/Aldol/Aromatization Reaction
Authors: Tsogoeva Svetlana B. , Heckmann Felix , Ibrahim Mohammad M. , Hampel Frank
Published: January 2024

We report the development of a straightforward, waste-reducing, environmentally friendly, FeIII-catalyzed domino aza-Michael/aldol/aromatization reaction in the presence of water to access high-value functionalized quinolines by using 2-aminobenzophenones and ethyl buta-2,3-dienoate as starting compounds. The tangible advantages, that is, the utilization of commercially available and/or easily accessible substrates, simplicity, mild reaction conditions, and application of water as a solvent, make this three-step domino process green and highly appealing for the direct construction of a wide variety of highly functionalized quinolines in up to 78% yield.
Cochlear Implant Activation in the Immediate Postoperative Period in the Operating Room
Authors: Wiemes Gislaine Richter Minhoto , Wiemes Nicole Richter Minhoto , Carvalho Bettina , Hamerschmidt Rogerio
Published: January 2024

Introduction Cochlear implant (CI) activation usually takes place at ∼ 30 days postoperative (PO). In our service, CI surgery is performed with local anesthesia and sedation, so activation is possible with the patient's cooperation, immediately after the CI surgery, still in the operating room (OR).

Objective The objective of the present study was to provide the patient with hearing experience with the CI and to assess auditory perception immediately after surgery while still in the OR, as well as to compare impedance telemetry (IT), neural response telemetry (NRT), and comfort (C) level at two moments: in the OR and at the definitive activation, ∼ 30 days PO.

Methods Nine adult patients (12 ears) with acquired (postlingual) deafness were included. Auditory perception was evaluated through the Ling Six Sound Check, musical instruments, and clapping, presented in two different programming maps, elaborated using t-NRT, and comparing IT, NRT, and C level between the two moments.

Results We observed that while still in the OR, the patient can already present auditory detection and recognition responses. The values of IT, NRT threshold (t-NRT), and C on both dates differed, with statistical significance.

Conclusion We concluded that it is possible to provide the patient with an auditory experience with the CI immediately after surgery, and that the auditory experience and the values of electrode IT, NRT, and C vary significantly between the two moments.
Arthroscopic Assistance and Percutaneous Fixation of Complex Intraarticular Metacarpophalangeal Fracture
Authors: Jorquera René , Melibosky Francisco , Villavicencio Aldo , Azócar Camila , Corvalán Gonzalo , Ramírez Paula , Paz Agustín
Published: January 2024

Comminuted fractures involving the metacarpophalangeal joint are a real challenge for the hand surgeon due to the complexity of their management and the high frequency of functional sequelae caused by the incongruence of the joint surfaces and the injury of soft tissues requiring repair. Metacarpophalangeal joint arthroscopy is an emerging and useful tool for the upper extremity surgeon allowing assisted reduction and percutaneous fixation of these fractures since it permits a complete evaluation of the joint fragments and enables precision in the reduction with the advantage of being a minimally invasive and safe technique. This technique was performed in two patients with complex fractures of the metacarpophalangeal joint with good functional results. In conclusion, this technique is reproducible, with good results and minimal soft-tissue morbidity. It allows a stable osteosynthesis, enabling early joint mobility and rehabilitation, which is essential for function recovery.
Outcomes of Thumb Carpometacarpal Joint Osteoarthritis Treated with Arthroscopic Fusion
Authors: Chow Esther Ching San
Published: January 2024

Background The thumb carpometacarpal joint (CMCJ) osteoarthritis is one of the most common pathologies in the hand with controversial treatment options.

Description of Technique Describe the use of arthroscopic technique for thumb CMCJ arthrodesis and the clinical outcome.

Patients and Methods Cases with Eaton III thumb CMCJ osteoarthritis treated with arthroscopic arthrodesis were reviewed. Patient evaluations include: grip strength, pinch strength, range of motion, Kapandji score, Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire, and the visual analog scores for pain. All cases were assessed before the surgery and at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after surgery. Radiographs were reviewed.

Results There were total 16 patients with 18 arthrodesis performed. The average age was 62.2 years with M:F ratio of 2:7. The average follow-up time was 57.2 months. There was improvement of pain score as early as at postop 3 months (p < 0.001) and continued to improve at 6, 12, and 24 months. There was improvement of grip strength and pinch strength at 12 and 24 months (p < 0.001). The DASH score showed improvement as early as at 3 months (p = 0.012). There was a reduction of Kapandji score and interphalangeal joint motion at 3 months postop, but these returned to normal at 6 months. There was no major complication. There was one case of nonunion (5.6%).

Conclusion Arthroscopic arthrodesis is a feasible treatment option and provides excellent pain relief, restore thumb strength and stability, retain functional thumb mobility, and hence improvement in hand function.
The Complication and Safety Profile of Utilizing Kirschner Wires in Four Corner Fusions
Authors: Smith Shelby R. , Dua Karan , Wysocki Robert W. , Fernandez John J. , Cohen Mark S. , Simcock Xavier C.
Published: January 2024

Background Four corner fusion (4CF) can be performed using various techniques, each with its own efficacy and complication profile. Kirschner wires (K-wires) are a reliable and cost-effective method when performing 4CF.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the union rate and complication profile of utilizing K-wires when performing a 4CF.

Methods A retrospective chart review was performed studying patients who underwent 4CF from a multisurgeon, single-institution database. Demographic data were collected, and functional outcomes were recorded including wrist range of motion (ROM), fusion rates, time to fusion, and complication rates. Continuous variables were compared via two-tailed t-tests, numerical data via one-way analysis of variance tests, and categorical data via Fisher's Exact test.

Results In total, 141 patients underwent 4CF with K-wire fixation with an overall nonunion rate of 3.5% (5/141). Diabetics had a nonunion rate of 11% compared to 3% without diabetes (p = 0.28). Wrist ROM was significantly greater in patients who achieved bony union at 6 weeks after removal of hardware compared to the nonunion group (78.0 degrees ± 14.4 vs. 57.8 degrees ± 21.3, p < 0.05). There was no difference in wrist ROM between the two groups six months after hardware removal. There were no pin-related complications that required revision surgery.

Conclusion 4CF utilizing K-wire fixation is a reproducible and cost-effective technique that results in good patient outcomes including bony union and functional wrist ROM. Smoking and diabetes did not significantly increase the risk of nonunion, and K-wire fixation can successfully be used in these patient populations.

Level of Evidence Level IV (retrospective study)
A Narrative Review of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures and Their Application in Recent Pediatric Surgical Research: Advancing Knowledge and Offering New Perspectives to the Field
Authors: Spivack Olivia K.C. , Dellenmark-Blom Michaela , Dingemann Jens , ten Kate Chantal A. , Wallace Vuokko , Bramer Wichor M. , Quitmann Julia H. , Rietman Andre
Published: January 2024

Introduction Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) can be employed in both research and clinical care to enhance our understanding of outcomes that matter to patients. This narrative review aims to describe PROM use in recent pediatric surgical research, identify and describe psychometrically robust PROMs, providing an overview of those derived from pediatric patient input, and make recommendations for future research.

Materials and Methods A search was conducted to identify articles published from 2021 to August 2023 describing the availability and/or use of at least one valid or reliable PROM in children with conditions including anorectal malformations, biliary atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, duodenal atresia, esophageal atresia, abdominal wall defects, Hirschsprung's disease, sacrococcygeal teratoma, and short bowel syndrome. Articles were categorized based on their objectives in applying PROMs. Psychometrically robust PROMs were identified and described.

Results Out of the 345 articles identified, 49 met the inclusion criteria. Seventeen focused on esophageal atresia and 14 on Hirschsprung's disease. Twenty-nine PROMs were identified, with 12 deemed psychometrically robust. Seven psychometrically robust PROMs were developed using patient input in the primary item generation. Most PROMs were applied to advance understanding of conditions and/or treatment and fewer were developed or psychometrically evaluated. No PROMs were assessed for their impact or incorporated into an implementation study.

Conclusions This review reveals gaps in the application of PROMs in recent pediatric surgical research. Emphasis should be placed on the development and utilization of psychometrically robust PROMs, broadening the scope of covered diseases, conducting impact assessments, and evaluating implementation strategies.
Split Skin Grafts of the Neck—Observations on Their Contraction and Relaxation
Authors: Keswani R. K.
Published: January 2024

Linear measurements have been obtained in split skin grafts of the neck at operation and at subsequent periods post-operatively. The contraction of the split skin graft is believed to be prevented by (I) Application of moulded splints to support the graft, (2) Support by firm skin surrounding the graft. After maturation, skin graft appears to relax in certain linear dimensions.
Prosthetic Rehabilitation of Maxillectomy Cases
Authors: Samraj T. , Simon G. T.
Published: January 2024

Methods of prosthetic rehabilitation from the time of surgery-fenestration, partial or hemi-maxillectomy and maxillectomy and literature review are presented. The various types of prosthetic appliances used for rehabilitation are classified and the advantages of each discussed.

It is stressed that a closer co-operation between the prosthedontist and the surgeon should be developed if proper rehabilitation of these cases be achieved successfully.
Cheek Reconstruction Following Excision for Malignancy*
Authors: Baxi V. K. , Pinto C. J. T. , Goleria K. S. , Mehendale C. V.
Published: January 2024

Thirty-six cases of cheek defects following malignancy excision are presented. The problems and principles of reconstruction are discussed. A skin to mucosa closure must be achieved after the excision. Any raw area should be covered with a split skin graft.

The scope and limitations of local flaps are described. Local and neck flaps seem to be a good one-stage method of repair.

Deltoacromial flap is a two-stage method bringing in distant tissues.

The acromiopectoral tube pedicle is used as a last resort.
Effect of Maternal Preeclampsia on Cardiac Structure and Function in Very Low Birth Weight Infants
Authors: Kohbodi GoleNaz A. , Cayabyab Rowena G. , Kibe Rutuja N. , Ebrahimi Mahmoud , Barton Lorayne , Uzunyan Merujan Y. , Ramanathan Rangasamy
Published: January 2024

Objective We aimed to determine whether exposure to severe maternal preeclampsia (PE) in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants is associated with hypertrophic cardiac changes and altered hemodynamics.

Study Design Case–control study of VLBW infants born at Los Angeles General Medical Center from May 2015 to August 2023, who had an echocardiogram within the first 7 days of life. Cases were infants exposed to maternal PE and controls were infants not exposed to maternal PE matched by birth weight (BW) 1:1. Laboratory, placental pathology results, hemodynamic data and clinical outcomes were collected and compared between cases and control infants.

Results A total of 43 cases matched by BW with control infants were studied. There were no significant anatomical cardiac changes by echocardiography between cases and control infants. Cases had significantly higher blood pressure within the first 72 hours of life and lower ejection fraction (EF), fractional shortening, and peak systolic flow velocity through their patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) within the first week of life. Cases were more likely to be smaller despite being born at a later gestational age (GA), as well as small for GA with placental weight less than 10th percentile compared to control infants.

Conclusion Our findings indicate that infants born to mothers with PE have higher systemic vascular resistance as evidenced by elevated blood pressure, and lower EF and shortening fraction and higher pulmonary vascular resistance as evidenced by lower peak flow velocity through the PDA. We did not observe hypertrophic cardiac changes in exposed infants. These findings should be considered in clinical decision-making during management of these infants.

Key Points
Event-triggered data-driven load frequency control for multi-area power system with wind penetration under deregulation environment
Authors: Bu Xuhui , Zeng Yiming , Yin Yanling , Liang Jiaqi
Published: January 2024

In order to solve the problem of power exchange between areas of multi-area power systems under the power market, this paper designs a power trading contract based on the generation participation matrix, so as to simulate the specific process of power change in each area. With the integration of wind power into the large-scale power system, it is difficult to model the multi-area power system. For this situation, this paper designs a data-driven model-free adaptive load frequency control algorithm based on collecting input and output data, which gets rid of the dependence of the power system on the model. Along with the frequent transmission of input and output data in each area, the communication load of the power system also increases. Aiming at saving communication resources, this paper designs an event-triggered mechanism to reduce the communication bandwidth. The stability of the control algorithm is demonstrated theoretically. Finally, a three-area power system with wind penetration is used as an example to simulate and verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in this paper.