bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment in EGFR-Mutant Lung Cancer: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Lim Jeong Uk , Jung Junyang , Kim Yeon Wook , Kim Chi Young , Lee Sang Hoon , Park Dong Won , Choi Sue In , Ji Wonjun , Yeo Chang Dong , Lee Seung Hyeun
Published: February 2025

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have transformed the treatment of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant non-small cell lung cancer. However, treatment resistance remains a major challenge in clinical practice. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex system composed of tumor cells, immune and non-immune cells, and non-cellular components. Evidence indicates that dynamic changes in TME during TKI treatment are associated with the development of resistance. Research has focused on identifying how each component of the TME interacts with tumors and TKIs to understand therapeutic targets that could address TKI resistance. In this review, we describe how TME components, such as immune cells, fibroblasts, blood vessels, immune checkpoint proteins, and cytokines, interact with EGFR-mutant tumors and how they can promote resistance to TKIs. Furthermore, we discuss potential strategies targeting TME as a novel therapeutic approach.
A Narrative Review on Cognitive Impairment in Type 2 Diabetes: Global Trends and Diagnostic Approaches
Authors: Liao Xiaobin , Zhang Yibin , Xu Jialu , Yin Jiaxin , Li Shan , Dong Kun , Shi Xiaoli , Xu Weijie , Ma Delin , Chen Xi , Yu Xuefeng , Yang Yan
Published: February 2025

Diabetes is a chronic disease that affects many people, with both its incidence and prevalence rising globally. Diabetes can lead to various complications, among which cognitive impairment in diabetic patients significantly impacts their daily life and blood glucose management, complicating treatment and worsening prognosis. Therefore, the early diagnosis and treatment of cognitive impairment are essential to ensure the health of diabetic patients. However, there is currently no widely accepted and effective method for the early diagnosis of diabetes-related cognitive impairment. This review aims to summarize potential screening and diagnostic methods, as well as biomarkers, for cognitive impairment in diabetes, including retinal structure and function examination, brain imaging, and peripheral blood biomarkers, providing valuable information and support for clinical decision making and future research.
A New Method for Predicting Pile Accumulated Deformation and Stiffness of Evolution Under Long-Term Inclined Cyclic Loading
Authors: Pan Xiangwen , Li Xia , Xi Shuang , Gong Weiming , Zhu Mingxing
Published: February 2025

Piles in marine environments are subjected to various loads of differing magnitudes and directions, and their long-term stability has attracted much attention. Most research focuses on lateral cyclic loading; there are few full-scale tests that consider the effects of cyclic loading at different inclined angles. A long-term inclined cyclic loading strategy was used to carry out laboratory tests to study different inclined angles on the pile. The results show that a smaller inclined angle (θL) or a larger pile–soil relative stiffness (T/L) results in wider and deeper sediment subsidence after 10,000 cycles. As θL increases from 0° to 80°, the peak displacement at the pile head during the first load decreases, while the accumulated displacement initially decreases and then increases. For slender piles, the normalized inclined cyclic loading stiffness (klN/kl1) and unloading stiffness (kuN/ku1) first decrease and then increase. For semi-rigid piles, both klN/kl1 and kuN/ku1 gradually decrease. On the other hand, as θL increases, klN/kl1 and kuN/ku1 increased more sharply in the initial stage, with a quicker transition from rapid growth to stability. At θL = 80°, peak values are reached early during the initial loading phase. Based on this, prediction formulas for inclined cyclic cumulative displacement, loading stiffness, and unloading stiffness were established and verified.
Multiple Myeloma Insights from Single-Cell Analysis: Clonal Evolution, the Microenvironment, Therapy Evasion, and Clinical Implications
Authors: Li Sihong , Liu Jiahui , Peyton Madeline , Lazaro Olivia , McCabe Sean D. , Huang Xiaoqing , Liu Yunlong , Shi Zanyu , Zhang Zhiqi , Walker Brian A. , Johnson Travis S.
Published: February 2025

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a complex and heterogeneous hematologic malignancy characterized by clonal evolution, genetic instability, and interactions with a supportive tumor microenvironment. These factors contribute to treatment resistance, disease progression, and significant variability in clinical outcomes among patients. This review explores the mechanisms underlying MM progression, including the genetic and epigenetic changes that drive clonal evolution, the role of the bone marrow microenvironment in supporting tumor growth and immune evasion, and the impact of genomic instability. We highlight the critical insights gained from single-cell technologies, such as single-cell transcriptomics, genomics, and multiomics, which have enabled a detailed understanding of MM heterogeneity at the cellular level, facilitating the identification of rare cell populations and mechanisms of drug resistance. Despite the promise of advanced technologies, MM remains an incurable disease and challenges remain in their clinical application, including high costs, data complexity, and the need for standardized bioinformatics and ethical considerations. This review emphasizes the importance of continued research and collaboration to address these challenges, ultimately aiming to enhance personalized treatment strategies and improve patient outcomes in MM.
Insight into the Morphology, Hydrophobicity and Swelling Behavior of TiO2-Reinforced Polyurethane
Authors: Stefanović Ivan S. , Džunuzović Jasna V. , Džunuzović Enis S. , Randjelović Danijela V. , Pavlović Vladimir B. , Basagni Andrea , Marega Carla
Published: February 2025

In this research, the structure, morphology, hydrophobicity and swelling behavior of a polyurethane (PU) network and its composites (PUCs) were examined. PUCs were synthesized by the incorporation of different percentages (0.5, 1 and 2 wt.%) of unmodified or surface-modified TiO2 nanoparticles into a PU network based on polycaprolactone, aliphatic hyperbranched polyester and isophorone diisocyanate. In order to improve interfacial interactions, the surface of the TiO2 nanoparticles was chemically modified with lauryl gallate. The impact of the presence and content of unmodified or surface-modified TiO2 nanoparticles on the cross-sectional and surface morphology, swelling behavior and hydrophobicity of the PU network was assessed by different experiments. The obtained findings revealed that the incorporation of TiO2 nanoparticles brought a more pronounced irregular cross-sectional and rougher surface morphology, better microphase separation, higher values of the equilibrium swelling degree in tetrahydrofuran and toluene, and altered water contact angles compared to the neat PU. Based on the collected results, the practical applicability of the prepared PUCs may be in the area of protective coatings.
Measurement Techniques for Interfacial Rheology of Surfactant, Asphaltene, and Protein-Stabilized Interfaces in Emulsions and Foams
Authors: Marquez Ronald , Salager Jean-Louis
Published: February 2025

This work provides a comprehensive review of experimental methods used to measure rheological properties of interfacial layers stabilized by surfactants, asphaltenes, and proteins that are relevant to systems with large interfacial areas, such as emulsions and foams. Among the shear methods presented, the deep channel viscometer, bicone rheometer, and double-wall ring rheometers are the most utilized. On the other hand, the main dilational rheology techniques discussed are surface waves, capillary pressure, oscillating Langmuir trough, oscillating pendant drop, and oscillating spinning drop. Recent developments—including machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) models, such as artificial neural networks (ANN) and convolutional neural networks (CNN)—to calculate interfacial tension from drop shape analysis in shorter times and with higher precision are critically analyzed. Additionally, configurations involving an Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) cantilever contacting bubble, a microtensiometer platform, rectangular and radial Langmuir troughs, and high-frequency oscillation drop setups are presented. The significance of Gibbs–Marangoni effects and interfacial rheological parameters on the (de)stabilization of emulsions is also discussed. Finally, a critical review of the recent literature on the measurement of interfacial rheology is presented.
Selenium Nanoparticles in Critical Illness—Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects
Authors: Andrés Celia María Curieses , Pérez de la Lastra José Manuel , Munguira Elena Bustamante , Juan Celia Andrés , Pérez-Lebeña Eduardo
Published: February 2025

Selenium (Se) has important anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, plays an important role in the immune system through redox balance, and is part of selenoproteins. In patients who are critically ill, Se supplementation causes alterations in inflammatory markers such as procalcitonin, leukocyte count, albumin, prealbumin, C-reactive protein (CRP), inflammatory cytokines, and cholesterol. The decrease in Se levels leads to a reduction in the levels of various selenoenzymes, in particular glutathione peroxidase and selenoprotein P. These antioxidant selenoproteins play a protective role against the lipoperoxidation of cell membranes and also participate in the process of regulating the inflammatory response. Currently, there are no conclusive data that allow us to affirm the existence of a significant reduction in mortality with the use of Se in intensive care. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) can be used as dietary supplements or therapeutic agents due to their low toxicity and better bioavailability compared to traditional Se supplementation. In this review, we focus on the current state of research on SeNPs and their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties as a therapy for patients who are seriously ill, without the toxic effects of other Se species.
A Communication Toolkit to Assist Families Access Dental Care Services in Scotland: A Qualitative Evaluation
Authors: Nanjappa Sucharita , Wijesiri Thushani I. D. , Carson Susan J. , Freeman Ruth
Published: February 2025

Background: Childsmile is Scotland’s national child oral health improvement programme designed to reduce inequalities in oral health and ensure universal access to NHS dental services by working closely with children and their families. Research has shown that parents with more dental concerns are less likely to bring their children for regular preventive dental check-ups.Therefore, a communication toolkit named ‘Chatterbox’ was created to help families access dental care services. Methods: This study aimed to evaluate the acceptability of Chatterbox from the perspective of parents with young children and from staff who work with them. Thirty parents of young children, volunteers, and staff affiliated with three third-sector family support organisations in Dundee participated in in-depth interviews, focus groups, and observations to assess the objectives of Chatterbox. A framework analysis was conducted to capture the themes, patterns, and findings triangulated using observations and field notes. Results: Chatterbox was found to promote effective communication, identify barriers to dental attendance, provide a platform for reflection, convey the complexities of daily life, and boost parents’ confidence to seek assistance. Conclusions: Chatterbox has the potential to help parents in accessing preventive dental care for their young children when used with trained support workers.
Collision Probabilities Between User Equipment Using 5G NR Sidelink Time-Domain-Based Resource Allocation in C-V2X
Authors: Tabassum Mehnaz , Oliveira Aurenice
Published: February 2025

Efficient resource allocation is a critical factor in ensuring reliable and low-latency communication in the fifth-generation New Radio (5G NR) sidelink-based Cellular Vehicle to Everything (C-V2X) networks. One of the critical challenges in adopting C-V2X systems is the potential for packet collisions between User Equipment (UE) when they share resources in the sidelink channel. For reliable and low-latency communication, especially in safety-critical applications, efficient resource allocation is essential. This paper explores collision-related issues that may arise in the 5G NR sidelink and the probability of collisions on resource blocks. To address these challenges, we propose an experimental time-domain resource allocation strategy leveraging dynamic reselection intervals and adaptive reservation mechanisms. Unlike existing approaches, which primarily rely on static or semi-persistent scheduling, our strategy optimizes resource allocation based on real-time variations in generation time, speed and distance between UEs. The proposed approach significantly reduces collision probabilities, enhances communication reliability and ensures efficient resource utilization, even in high-density vehicular networks. Addressing packet collisions in resource allocation becomes crucial for the viability of vehicular communication systems. The goal of this paper is to analyze the dynamics and causes of packet collisions in C-V2X scenarios using 5G NR sidelink technology and to evaluate how our time-domain optimization techniques can enhance system performance in rapidly evolving vehicular communication networks.
Enhancing CubeSat Communication Through Beam-Steering Antennas: A Review of Technologies and Challenges
Authors: Saeidi Tale , Karamzadeh Saeid
Published: February 2025

With their compact design and versatility, CubeSats have emerged as critical platforms for advancing space exploration and communication technologies. However, achieving reliable and efficient communication in the dynamic and constrained environment of low Earth orbit (LEO) remains a significant challenge. Beam-steering antenna systems offer a promising solution to address these limitations, enabling adaptive communication links with improved gain and coverage. This review article provides a comprehensive analysis of the state-of-the-art in CubeSat communication, concentrating on the latest developments in beam-steering antennas. By synthesizing the findings from recent studies, the key challenges are highlighted, including power constraints, miniaturization, and integration with CubeSat platforms. Furthermore, this paper investigates cutting-edge techniques, such as phased array systems, metasurface-based designs, and reconfigurable antennas, which pave the way for enhanced performance. This study can serve as a resource for researchers and engineers, offering insights into current trends and future opportunities for advancing CubeSat communications through innovative antenna systems.
A Review of Artificial Intelligence Applications in Architectural Design: Energy-Saving Renovations and Adaptive Building Envelopes
Authors: Li Yangluxi , Chen Huishu , Yu Peijun , Yang Li
Published: February 2025

This paper explores the applications and impacts of artificial intelligence (AI) in building envelopes and interior space design. The relevant literature was searched using databases such as Science Direct, Web of Science, Scopus, and CNKI, and 89 studies were selected for analysis based on the PRISMA protocol. This paper first analyzes the role of AI in transforming architectural design methods, particularly its different roles in the auxiliary, collaborative, and leading design processes. It then discusses AI’s applications in the energy-efficient renovation of building envelopes, smart façade design for cold climate buildings, and thermal imaging detection. Furthermore, this paper summarizes AI-based interior space environment design methods, covering the current state of research, applications, impacts, and challenges both domestically and internationally. Finally, this paper looks ahead to the broad prospects for AI technology in the architecture and interior design fields while addressing the challenges related to the integration of personalized design and environmental sustainability concepts.
Economic Competitiveness of Small Modular Reactors in a Net Zero Policy
Authors: Alonso Gustavo
Published: February 2025

The deployment of large nuclear reactors is an intensive capital project. Only national governments and a few independent worldwide companies that can afford the financial risk can pursue them. To cope with this financial disadvantage, Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) have become an alternative; they can provide electricity for different needs far below the electricity capacity supplied by a large reactor and can fit in new markets. Several of them could fill the capacity of a large reactor. However, SMRs have a higher cost per kW deployed than a large reactor because of the economy of scale. At this point, SMR designs backed by a national government will have higher opportunities for success. The present paper analyzes several economic factors under different electricity-selling prices to determine the possible role of SMRs as a complement or competitor to large reactors. Results show that for low electricity-selling prices, an SMR is a complementary infrastructure but can be a market competitor for higher prices. The study also provides information about the required economic scenario where nuclear reactors, small and large, could be part of the net zero policy from a financial point of view.
Optimizing Emergency Response in Healthcare Facilities: Integration of Firefighting Technologies and Tactical Evacuation Strategies
Authors: Betuš Miroslav , Seňová Andrea , Behúnová Annamária , Burachok Ivanna , Terzieva Galya Toteva
Published: February 2025

This study analyzes the implementation of firefighting procedures and evacuation methods in a hospital environment, with a focus on ensuring rapid rescue operations and evacuation methods in a real fire in 2024. This research emphasizes the integration of firefighting technologies, including fire detection systems, real-time communication networks, and specialized evacuation strategies for immobile patients. This work further examines the optimization of the emergency response through the coordinated efforts of an integrated rescue system, emphasizing tactical decision making and resource allocation. The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of evacuation methods in the event of needing to evacuate a larger number of people, as well as meeting the need to ensure that active fire protection systems are in an operational state. This research provides key recommendations for improving fire protection measures in healthcare facilities, ensuring faster response times and increased patient protection. Subsequently, after evaluating and reviewing all the options, conclusions were drawn from the on-site results, and recommendations were defined for future fires in similar facilities.
Basic Amino Acids as Salt Substitutes in Low-Salt Gel-Based Meat Products: A Comprehensive Review of Mechanisms, Benefits, and Future Perspectives
Authors: Yu Chuanlong , Hu Wenbing , Chen Lingli , Ouyang Kehui , Chen Hui , Lin Suyun , Wang Wenjun
Published: February 2025

Gel-based meat products have appealing market potential due to their unique texture, elasticity, and tender taste. Sodium chloride (NaCl) is commonly used in these products to enhance flavor, improve texture, ensure food safety, and extend shelf life. However, excessive long-term NaCl intake is connected with health issues such as hypertension and cardiovascular diseases, raising concerns about its impact on human health. As a result, the reduction of NaCl in these products, while maintaining their flavor and texture, has become a key area in the food industry. Salt reduction strategies often compromise product quality, limiting the search for substitutes. Consequently, there is growing interest in developing new salt substitutes. Recently, basic amino acids (BAA) have emerged as a viable alternative to NaCl in low-salt gel-based meat products. Studies have shown that BAAs not only enhance the solubility, gelation, and emulsification properties of salt-soluble proteins but also reduce protein and lipid oxidation in low-salt conditions, improving sensory characteristics and texture. When combined with chloride salts, BAAs can further lower salt content while improving the quality of the products. In addition, adding modern processing techniques (such as ultrasound, pulsed electric fields) has indicated positive effects on the taste and texture of low-salt meat products. Future studies should deploy advanced tools to dissect the micro-/macro-level impacts of BAAs on low-salt gel products. Furthermore, integrating modern food processing and information technologies could lead to the development of personalized, intelligent low-salt meat products that satisfy consumer demands for both health and taste.
Effects of Monascus pilosus SWM 008-Fermented Red Mold Rice and Its Functional Components on Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Health in Rats
Authors: Yang Pei-Xin , You Chen-Ru , Lin Yun-Hsuan , Wang Chia-Shu , Hsu Ya-Wen , Pan Tzu-Ming , Lee Chun-Lin
Published: February 2025

Red mold rice, fermented by Monascus spp., has been reported to modulate gut microbiota composition and improve metabolic health. Previous studies indicate that red mold rice can reduce cholesterol, inhibit hepatic lipid accumulation, and enhance bile acid excretion, while also altering gut microbiota under high-fat dietary conditions. However, it remains unclear whether these effects are directly due to Monascus-derived products modulating gut microbiota or are a consequence of improved metabolic health conditions, which indirectly influence gut microbiota. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Monascus pilosus SWM 008 fermented red mold rice and its components—monascin, monascinol, ankaflavin, and polysaccharides—on gut microbiota and metabolic health in rats fed a normal diet. Over eight weeks, physiological, biochemical, and gut microbiota parameters were assessed. Results showed no significant changes in body weight or liver/kidney function, confirming safety. Gut microbiota analysis revealed that red mold rice, monascin, monascinol, and polysaccharides significantly altered gut microbiota composition by increasing the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as Akkermansia muciniphila, Ligilactobacillus murinus, and Duncaniella dubosii. Functional predictions indicated enhanced vitamin K2 biosynthesis, nucleotide metabolism, and other metabolic pathways linked to improved gut health. In conclusion, Monascus pilosus SWM 008 fermented red mold rice demonstrated safety and beneficial effects, suggesting its potential as a functional food to maintain gut microbiota balance under normal dietary conditions.
Perceptions of Healthcare Quality in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A Patient Experience Exploratory Study
Authors: Casillas-Ávila Miriam Pavelth , Chavez-Maisterra Ileana , Gómez-Díaz Benjamín , Orellana Villazon Vanessa Ivonne , Escobar-Cedillo Rosa Elena , Luna-Angulo Alexandra Berenice , Zamora González Edgar Oswaldo , Vázquez-Cárdenas Norma Alejandra , Escotto-Ramírez Marlen , Martínez-Gómez Georgina , López-Hernández Luz Berenice
Published: February 2025

Background: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a genetic disorder characterized by progressive muscle weakness, a decline in quality of life, and premature mortality. This study aims to evaluate the perceived quality of healthcare and the experience of DMD patients and their caregivers in Mexico, comparing governmental and non-profit healthcare institutions using a newly designed assessment instrument. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, data were gathered from 91 participants through an online self-administered questionnaire informed by the Donabedian model and six dimensions of healthcare quality. Results: Analysis revealed two key mediating factors: perceived quality of healthcare and patient experience. The Mann–Whitney U test showed that non-profit organizations were perceived to provide superior quality care in both aspects (p < 0.05), notably regarding healthcare professionals’ preparedness and other domains of quality. However, the patient-centered care domain indicated that the importance of quality domains may vary according to cultural and social contexts. In Mexico, the humanistic approach of healthcare professionals appeared to compensate for shortcomings in timely diagnosis and other quality domains. This emphasizes the necessity for enhanced patient education and healthcare evaluation, and it highlights that patient satisfaction does not always correlate with high-quality healthcare. The developed instrument can further aid in understanding the experiences of DMD patients across different countries and cultures.
The Mediating Role of Anger and Anxiety in the Association of Social Support with Mobility Among Middle-Age and Older Adults with Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Harrell Erin R. , Parmelee Patricia A. , Smith Dylan M.
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the leading causes of chronic disability in older adults, often causing significant impairment of mobility. OA symptoms have been linked to mental functioning, including depression, anxiety, and negative affect. Method: To examine whether anger and anxiety mediate the relationship between social support and mobility among older adults with knee osteoarthritis, data from the Everyday Quality of Life in Older Blacks and Whites with Osteoarthritis (EQUAL) study (N = 336) were analyzed using Hayes’ PROCESS model in SPSS to test the direct effect of social support on mobility as well as mediation by anxiety and anger. Results: While univariate models for both anxiety and anger were significant, only anxiety mediated the relationship between social support and mobility. Conclusion: Although limited by their cross-sectional nature, the findings suggest that at least part of the association of social support with mobility may be explained by the role of support in alleviating anxiety.
Positive Evolution of a Child Suffering from Caudal Regression Syndrome and Agenesia Sacra After Treatment with Growth Hormone and Rehabilitation
Authors: Devesa Jesús , Fresco Carla , Devesa Ana , Rodríguez Ana , de Souza Diego
Published: February 2025

Caudal regression syndrome (CRS) is a malformation that occurs during the fetal period, and is mainly characterized by the incomplete development of the spinal cord (SC), which is often accompanied by other developmental abnormalities. The present study was performed in a 2-month-old boy with CRS, born to a type I diabetic mother, who presented interruption of the SC at the L5–L4 level, pelvic dislocation, sacral agenesis, hypoplastic femurs, lack of innervation of the lower limbs (spastic paraplegia), and a neurogenic bladder and bowel. Given the positive results we obtained in a previous study in a similar case, this patient was treated with GH (0.04 mg/kg/day, 5 days/week), melatonin (20 mg/day), and rehabilitation. The treatment only lasted 18 months, due to family problems. Blood tests and physical examinations were performed every 3 months initially and then every 6 months. Interestingly, despite GH administration, the child presented low plasma glucose and IGF-I values, which did not increase throughout the treatment, although there was significant growth of the patient, also indicated by elevated plasma alkaline phosphatase values. At the end of treatment, the gross motor function test (GMFM)-88 score increased from 0.93 (on admission) to 47.94. Sensory responses appeared in the lower limbs, and the patient was able to move his leg muscles in all directions and control his sphincters. Ten months after discharge, the patient was able to walk only with the aid of a back walker. GH treatment did not produce any adverse effects. In summary, despite the short duration of treatment, GH plus rehabilitation has been useful in innervating distal areas below the level of the incomplete spinal cord in CRS. GH likely acted on ependymal neural stem cells, as the hormone does on neurogenic niches in the brain, and rehabilitation helped achieve near-full functionality.
Fetoscopic Endoluminal Tracheal Occlusion-Synergic Therapies in the Prenatal Treatment of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
Authors: Bara Zsolt , Gozar Horea , Nagy Nándor , Gurzu Simona , Derzsi Zoltán , Forró Timea , Kovács Evelyn , Jung Ioan
Published: February 2025

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a relatively rare and severe developmental disease. Even with the most recent multidisciplinary therapies, the risk for neonatal mortality and morbidity remains high. Recent advancements in prenatal treatments, alongside experimental and clinical data, suggest that fetoscopic endoluminal tracheal occlusion (FETO) promotes lung development and offers a promising strategy against lung hypoplasia and pulmonary hypertension. It is the only existing direct mechanical therapy that intervenes in the regulation of pulmonary pressure. Its influence on lung development also interferes with tissue homeostasis and cell differentiation; it also enhances inflammation and apoptosis. Its physiopathology on cellular and molecular levels is still poorly understood. Unfortunately, the procedure also carries significant pregnancy-, maternal-, and fetus-related risks. Assessing a multifaceted intervention requires a collective view of all aspects. This scoping review uncovers potential materno-fetal procedure-related risks and highlights innovative solutions. Future research on lung development therapies in CDH may focus on the “dual hit” mechanism, combining molecular-targeting drugs and regenerative medicine with the mechanical nature of FETO for synergistic effects.
Phytochemistry and Biological Activities of Hedeoma piperita Benth. (Quiensabe)
Authors: Cárdenas-Valdovinos Jeanette Guadalupe , Mena-Violante Hortencia Gabriela , Rosas-Cárdenas Flor de Fátima , Angoa-Pérez María Valentina , Luna-Suárez Silvia
Published: February 2025

Hedeoma piperita Benth. (Lamiaceae) is a native medicinal plant from Mexico. It grows in pine, oak, and oyamel forests, as well as grasslands. In the Purépecha Plateau of Michoacán, it is called quiensabe and traditionally used to treat stomach pain, colic, cough, and low blood pressure, among other ailments. This study aimed to determine the phytochemical profile of infusions and ethanolic extracts of the stems and green and purple leaves of H. piperita collected in Cherán, Michoacán. Total phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and terpenoids were analyzed using UV–visible spectrophotometry; specific phenolic acids and flavonoids were detected by high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC); and the volatile profile of stems, green and purple leaves was determined by solid phase microextraction in GC-MS. Biological activities such as antioxidant activities (via DPPH and ABTS methods), antihypertensive activities (angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition), antibacterial activities (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), anti-inflammatory activities (xanthine oxidase enzyme (XOD) inhibition) and antidiabetic activities (α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition) were evaluated in vitro. Results showed key compounds like rosmarinic acid, luteolin, menthone, menthol, and pulegone were identified using HPTLC and SPME/GC-MS, with organ-specific variations. Green and purple leaves infusions inhibited DPPH and ABTS+ by 90–99% (IC50 3.3–3.8 and 7.4–11.5 µg/mL, respectively) and purple leaves infusion showed a 69.88% XOD enzyme inhibition (IC50 47.991 µg/mL) and an 85.12% α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition (IC50 72.49 µg/mL). Purple leaves ethanolic extract exhibited the lowest MIC and MBC against Shigella flexneri and ACE inhibition at 97.25% (IC50 11.19 µg/mL). These results demonstrate the biological potential of H. piperita in the development of natural drugs and expand its use as an herbal remedy.
Intra-Articular Hyaluronic Acid for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Umbrella Review
Authors: Glinkowski Wojciech Michał , Tomaszewski Wiesław
Published: February 2025

Objective: to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of intra-articular hyaluronic acid (IAHA) in treating osteoarthritis (OA), considering innovations in formulations, comparative outcomes, and variability in guidelines. This review aims to synthesize evidence supporting the role of IAHA in multimodal treatment strategies. Materials and Methods: A general, narrative, umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses was conducted. Clinical practice recommendations and guidelines for IAHA use were also reviewed and evaluated. A comprehensive search was conducted across the main medical data sources. Inclusion criteria focused on studies evaluating the efficacy, safety, and impact of IAHA. Key outcomes included pain reduction (e.g., WOMAC, VAS), functional improvement, safety, and cost-effectiveness. Results: IAHA showed moderate efficacy in pain relief and functional improvement, especially in early-to-moderate OA. The results indicate that hybrid formulations and combination therapies show better clinical outcomes, with expanded efficacy and potential chondroprotection. However, heterogeneity between studies was noted, reflecting variability in patient populations and intervention protocols. International guidelines varied significantly, with some opposing routine use (e.g., AAOS, NICE) and others endorsing IAHA more or less conditionally (e.g., ESCEO, OARSI). Conclusions: IAHA remains a treatment modality in the arsenal of selected populations of people with OA, especially for early and moderate disease. High-quality, standardized studies are still needed to refine IAHA’s role and establish personalized guidelines for individual patients. A concerted effort to harmonize global recommendations and economic strategies, such as tiered pricing, can increase equitable access and optimize IAHA’s integration of multimodal treatment for OA.
Personalized Treatment for Scalp Angiosarcoma
Authors: Cristescu Adriana Nicoleta , Dumitrescu Ioana , Tudose Irina , Beiu Cristina , Dumitrescu Ana-Maria , Popa Liliana Gabriela
Published: February 2025

Cutaneous angiosarcoma is a rare and aggressive malignant tumor that originates from the endothelial cells of blood vessels or lymphatic vessels. More than half of cutaneous angiosarcoma cases occur in the head and neck regions, particularly on the scalp. However, due to its rarity, scalp angiosarcoma is often overlooked in clinical practice. The lack of distinctive symptoms usually delays the diagnosis and, implicitly, the initiation of appropriate treatment. The treatment of cutaneous angiosarcoma poses great challenges due to its multifocal occurrence and the frequent extensive microscopic spread. A personalized, multimodal therapeutic approach is essential for ensuring a favorable outcome, consisting of a wide surgical excision associated with adjuvant radiotherapy in localized tumors, concurrent adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy, targeted treatments, or immunotherapy in advanced or metastatic diseases. The aim of this manuscript is to review the literature data regarding the individualized management of cutaneous angiosarcoma and to share our own experiences in the field. We wish to underscore the importance of considering cutaneous angiosarcoma in the differential diagnosis of scalp tumors, especially in patients with a history of scalp irradiation as early detection, accurate diagnosis, and a multidisciplinary, personalized management, including surgery with clear margins and adjuvant radiation therapy, are crucial for ensuring a favorable outcome.
Reconstruction of Multi-Load Strain Field of Ship Stiffened Plate Based on iFEM and Analysis of Influencing Factors of Reconstruction Accuracy
Authors: Chen Guocai , Wang Xueliang , Zhu Quanhua , Yang Huawei , Jiang Zhentao , Xu Hao , Sun Mengdan , Chen Wei , Chen Haozheng , Zhang Tao , Zhang Zheng
Published: February 2025

This study utilizes the inverse finite element method (iFEM) to investigate the strain field reconstruction of ship stiffened plates under multiple loading conditions. The aim is to enhance the monitoring, safety, and reliability of ship structures through multi-condition strain field reconstruction. By applying iFEM, this research addresses the challenge of reconstructing strain fields from discrete strain measurements using a least-squares variational equation derived from elastic mechanics principles. The performance of iFEM was evaluated under five loading conditions: axial compression, non-uniform loading, torsion, combined axial compression with non-uniform loading, and combined axial compression with symmetric uniform loading. To mitigate boundary effects, an extended stiffened plate design was implemented. The results show significant improvements in reconstruction accuracy: under two specific loading conditions, the precision improved by 38.82% and 11.25%, respectively, compared to the original plate. This study underscores the potential of iFEM in improving the monitoring and safety of marine structures. Future work could explore the applicability of iFEM to other marine structures and scenarios, ensuring broader practical applications.
Interpreting Temporal Shifts in Global Annual Data Using Local Surrogate Models
Authors: Nakano Shou , Liu Yang
Published: February 2025

This paper focuses on explaining changes over time in globally sourced annual temporal data with the specific objective of identifying features in black-box models that contribute to these temporal shifts. Leveraging local explanations, a part of explainable machine learning/XAI, can yield explanations behind a country’s growth or downfall after making economic or social decisions. We employ a Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanation (LIME) to shed light on national happiness indices, economic freedom, and population metrics, spanning variable time frames. Acknowledging the presence of missing values, we employ three imputation approaches to generate robust multivariate temporal datasets apt for LIME’s input requirements. Our methodology’s efficacy is substantiated through a series of empirical evaluations involving multiple datasets. These evaluations include comparative analyses against random feature selection, correlation with real-world events as explained using LIME, and validation through Individual Conditional Expectation (ICE) plots, a state-of-the-art technique proficient in feature importance detection.
Hybrid Random Feature Selection and Recurrent Neural Network for Diabetes Prediction
Authors: Olaniran Oyebayo Ridwan , Sikiru Aliu Omotayo , Allohibi Jeza , Alharbi Abdulmajeed Atiah , Alharbi Nada MohammedSaeed
Published: February 2025

This paper proposes a novel two-stage ensemble framework combining Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Bidirectional LSTM (BiLSTM) with randomized feature selection to enhance diabetes prediction accuracy and calibration. The method first trains multiple LSTM/BiLSTM base models on dynamically sampled feature subsets to promote diversity, followed by a meta-learner that integrates predictions into a final robust output. A systematic simulation study conducted reveals that feature selection proportion critically impacts generalization: mid-range values (0.5–0.8 for LSTM; 0.6–0.8 for BiLSTM) optimize performance, while values close to 1 induce overfitting. Furthermore, real-life data evaluation on three benchmark datasets—Pima Indian Diabetes, Diabetic Retinopathy Debrecen, and Early Stage Diabetes Risk Prediction—revealed that the framework achieves state-of-the-art results, surpassing conventional (random forest, support vector machine) and recent hybrid frameworks with an accuracy of up to 100%, AUC of 99.1–100%, and superior calibration (Brier score: 0.006–0.023). Notably, the BiLSTM variant consistently outperforms unidirectional LSTM in the proposed framework, particularly in sensitivity (98.4% vs. 97.0% on retinopathy data), highlighting its strength in capturing temporal dependencies.
Meta-Analysis of Abiotic Conditions Affecting Exopolysaccharide Production in Cyanobacteria
Authors: Wu Shijie , Wang Fuwen , Wang Hong , Shen Cong , Yu Kaiqiang
Published: February 2025

Background: cyanobacterial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) exhibit diverse biological and physicochemical properties, making them valuable for applications in environmental remediation, soil improvement, wastewater treatment, and bioenergy production. Results: the production of cyanobacterial EPSs is significantly influenced by various factors, including abiotic factors and strains. Recent research has focused on optimizing EPS production by regulating key abiotic factors such as light, temperature, pH, and nutritional conditions. This review systematically compiles and analyzes published data on the effects of abiotic factors on cyanobacterial EPS biosynthesis, with a focus on genus-specific responses. Using meta-analysis techniques, we provide a comprehensive overview of the key factors influencing EPS production. Light and nutrient conditions are the most significant factors affecting EPS production, with high light intensities and optimal nutrient conditions enhancing EPS synthesis. Optimal temperature ranges and pH levels are essential for maximizing EPS production, and cyanobacteria exhibit genus-specific responses to variations in these factors. The addition of specific nutrients, such as NaCl, trace metals (e.g., Mg, Zn, Cu), and elevated CO2 levels, significantly impacts EPS production. Conclusions: the response to these factors varies among different cyanobacterial genera, highlighting the need for genus-specific optimization strategies. This review provides a theoretical basis for optimizing EPS production across diverse cyanobacterial genera and for understanding multi-factor interactions and practical applications in future research.
Deep Learning-Based Molecular Fingerprint Prediction for Metabolite Annotation
Authors: Chau Hoi Yan Katharine , Zhang Xinran , Ressom Habtom W.
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is a commonly used platform for many metabolomics studies. However, metabolite annotation has been a major bottleneck in these studies in part due to the limited publicly available spectral libraries, which consist of tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) data acquired from just a fraction of known compounds. Application of deep learning methods is increasingly reported as an alternative to spectral matching due to their ability to map complex relationships between molecular fingerprints and mass spectrometric measurements. The objectives of this study are to investigate deep learning methods for molecular fingerprint based on MS/MS spectra and to rank putative metabolite IDs according to similarity of their known and predicted molecular fingerprints. Methods: We trained three types of deep learning methods to model the relationships between molecular fingerprints and MS/MS spectra. Prior to training, various data processing steps, including scaling, binning, and filtering, were performed on MS/MS spectra obtained from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), MassBank of North America (MoNA), and Human Metabolome Database (HMDB). Furthermore, selection of the most relevant m/z bins and molecular fingerprints was conducted. The trained deep learning models were evaluated on ranking putative metabolite IDs obtained from a compound database for the challenges in Critical Assessment of Small Molecule Identification (CASMI) 2016, CASMI 2017, and CASMI 2022 benchmark datasets. Results: Feature selection methods effectively reduced redundant molecular and spectral features prior to model training. Deep learning methods trained with the truncated features have shown comparable performances against CSI:FingerID on ranking putative metabolite IDs. Conclusion: The results demonstrate a promising potential of deep learning methods for metabolite annotation.
Beyond Low Prevalence: Exploring Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Profiles in Sri Lankan Helicobacter pylori with Comparative Genomics
Authors: Fauzia Kartika Afrida , Rathnayake Jeewantha , Doohan Dalla , Lamawansa Meegahalande Durage , Alfaray Ricky Indra , Batsaikhan Saruuljavkhlan , Phuc Bui Hoang , Waskito Langgeng Agung , Tuan Vo Phuoc , Kabamba Evariste Tshibangu , Ansari Shamshul , Matsumoto Takashi , Akada Junko , Matsuhisa Takeshi , Yamaoka Yoshio
Published: February 2025

Helicobacter pylori infects at least half the population worldwide, and its highly diverse genomic content correlates with its geographic distribution because of its prolonged relationship with humans. The extremely low infection prevalence alongside low inflammation severity observed in some countries might be caused by strains with low virulence potential. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whole-genome analysis datasets of Sri Lankan H. pylori strains. H. pylori strains were isolated from biopsy specimens and underwent whole-genome sequencing to investigate their antibiotic resistance and virulence potential. The prevalence of H. pylori infection in Sri Lanka is extremely low (1.7% in a previous study), and only six H. pylori strains were successfully isolated from bacterial culture. Antibiotic resistance analysis showed a high prevalence of metronidazole resistance (83.3%, five out of six strains), and investigation of the related genes showed truncation of the rdxA and frxA genes and single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the rdxA, frxA, ribF, omp11, and fur genes. Most virulence genes of the 144 assessed were present, except for the cag pathogenicity island (cagPAI) (absent in four out of six strains), babA/B/C, and tlpB genes. An incomplete type 4 secretion system (tfs) was found in three strains. A pan-genome analysis with non-Sri Lankan H. pylori strains showed that the htpX gene was found only in Sri Lankan strains (p-corrected = 0.0008). A phylogenetic analysis showed that the Sri Lankan strains clustered with strains from hpAsia2 and hpEurope. This comparative genomic study shows that H. pylori strains with low virulence potential are present in countries with a low prevalence of infection and disease severity, indicating a strain-type geographical pattern. The tailored guidelines for screening and treatment strategy for each region are necessary to obtain effective and efficient eradication.