bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Melatonin, an Antitumor Necrosis Factor Therapy
Authors: Álvarez‐López Ana Isabel , Cruz‐Chamorro Ivan , Lardone Patricia Judith , Bejarano Ignacio , Aspiazu‐Hinostroza Karla , Ponce‐España Eduardo , Santos‐Sánchez Guillermo , Álvarez‐Sánchez Nuria , Carrillo‐Vico Antonio
Published: December 2024

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a biomarker of inflammation whose levels are elevated in patients with several diseases associated with dysregulation of the immune response. The main limitations of currently used anti‐TNF therapies are the induction of immunodepression, which in many cases leads to serious adverse effects such as infection and cancer, and the inability to cross the blood‐brain barrier in neuroinflammatory conditions. Melatonin, in addition to being a chronobiotic compound, is widely known for its antioxidant and immunomodulatory capacity to control inflammatory processes in different pathological contexts. The aim of the present review is to address human‐based studies that describe the effect of melatonin on TNF production. The review includes all the articles published in PubMed databases until April 15, 2024. After depuration, 45 studies were finally included in the review, 23 related to the in vitro action of melatonin in human cells and 22 in vivo studies in humans. Most of the data reviewed support the idea that melatonin has an immunosuppressive effect on TNF levels, which, together with its low toxicity profile, low cost, and ability to cross the blood‐brain barrier, points to melatonin as a potential anti‐TNF therapy. Therefore, improving our knowledge of the action of melatonin in regulating TNF through appropriate clinical trials would reveal the true potential of this molecule as a possible anti‐TNF therapy.
A feature‐based pavement image registration method for precise pavement deterioration monitoring
Authors: Yang Zhongyu , Mohammadi Mohsen , Wang Haolin , Tsai Yi‐Chang (James)
Published: December 2024

Over the past decade, pavement imaging systems, particularly 3D laser technology, have been widely adopted by transportation agencies for network‐level pavement condition evaluations. State Highway Agencies, including Georgia Department of Transportation (DOT), Florida DOT, and Texas DOT, have been collecting pavement images for over 5 years. However, these multi‐year pavement images have not been fully utilized for analyzing detailed pavement deterioration. One challenge is the accurate and efficient registration of multi‐temporal pavement images. This study pioneers the use of feature‐based methods to address this challenge. It evaluates various feature‐based image registration methods, including both state‐of‐the‐art and novel combinations of feature detectors and descriptors. These methods are rigorously assessed using hybrid “step‐by‐step” and “end‐to‐end” performance evaluation metrics, with a ground reference dataset containing 100 pavement image pairs featuring diverse crack types and varying year gaps. The results confirm the feasibility of using feature‐based techniques to register multi‐temporal pavement images. A novel combination of the AKAZE detector and the Binary Robust Independent Elementary Features (BRIEF) descriptor was identified as the best‐performing method, successfully registering 96 out of 100 image pairs. This advancement enables pavement engineers to accurately monitor pavement deterioration using multi‐temporal images.
Evaluation of Perceived Competence and Satisfaction in Neurogastroenterology and Motility Training During the Gastroenterology Fellowship in Spain
Authors: Alcala‐Gonzalez Luis G. , Alcedo Javier , Santander Cecilio , Suárez José Francisco , Serra Jordi
Published: December 2024

Introduction

We evaluated the level of achievement of the published recommendations of the European and American neurogastroenterology and motility (NGM) Societies, on the competence in managing NGM disorders in a European Country with regulated gastroenterology training program.

Methods

We conducted a nationwide survey to gastroenterologists in Spain. Information regarding demographics, training center characteristics, NGM training, self‐reported interest, satisfaction with the Tier 1 skills recommended by the ANMS‐ESNM, and perceived competence in the diagnosis and management of diseases in the spectrum of NGM was obtained.

Results

Surveys of 222 participants were analyzed (age 31 ± 3 years, 68% female, 77% specialists, 23% residents). During GI training, the average time spent on NGM was 4 (IQR 2–8) weeks, and 14% of participants reported they did not have any (0 weeks total) specific time dedicated to NGM in their training center. Ninety‐two (41%) participants reported low satisfaction in the NGM skills obtained during training. There was a disparity in the skills acquired, being greatest for gastroesophageal reflux disease and lowest for colonic inertia (97% and 19% confident, respectively). Multiple regression analysis showed that the weeks of specific training in NGM was an independent factor associated with perceived satisfaction in the skills obtained (IC 95% 1.8–2.9, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Our data reveal a relevant deficit in training on NGM during gastroenterology fellowships and highlight the urgent need to extend and standardize the time allocated to learning NGM in the training programs, as training time correlates with satisfaction in the skills obtained.
Mean Nocturnal Baseline Impedance May Be Greater Than 2500 Ohms in Chinese Patients With GERD
Authors: Wang Dongke , Duan Chaofan , Zhang Xiaohao , Xu Junying , Hou Xiaohua , Xiang Xuelian
Published: December 2024

Background

According to the Lyon Consensus 2.0, mean nocturnal baseline impedance (MNBI) greater than 2500 Ω is considered evidence against gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). However, we have observed that a subset of GERD patients presents with MNBI exceeding 2500 Ω.

Aims

To investigate MNBI characteristics in Chinese GERD patients, identify clinical features of those with normal MNBI, and examine factors influencing MNBI values.

Methods

We retrospectively investigated 259 patients with typical reflux symptoms. Demographics, symptoms, proton pump inhibitor (PPI) response, esophageal motility parameters were compared between patients with different AET levels and MNBI levels.

Results

Among the cohort, 38.2% had AET 4%–6%, and 37.5% had AET > 6%. Notably, 95.2% of patients with AET < 4%, 49.5% with AET 4%–6%, and 17.6% with AET > 6% had MNBI > 2500 Ω. Independent risk factors for MNBI > 2500 Ω included the number and duration of supine acid reflux and lower esophageal sphincter (LES) resting pressure. In GERD patients with heartburn, patients with MNBI ≤ 2500 Ω had higher PPI response than MNBI > 2500 Ω (81.1% vs. 55.6%, p = 0.009).

Conclusions

Approximately one‐third of Chinese GERD patients have an MNBI > 2500 Ω. The thresholds of MNBI for supporting or ruling out GERD in the Chinese population should be adjusted. MNBI values are independently predicted by the severity of supine acid reflux and the LES resting pressure. GERD patients with mild supine acid reflux may still exhibit normal MNBI levels. Patients with lower MNBI values tend to show better responses to PPI therapy.
Over‐The‐Top Technique for ACL Reconstruction: Advantages, Disadvantages, and Postoperative Complications
Authors: Du Haocheng , Li Lin , Qin Ziwen , Guo Jiang , Zhang Xintao
Published: December 2024

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are the most common knee joint injuries related to sports activities in clinical practice. For treating ACL injuries, anatomical reconstruction surgery is often the preferred method. The over‐the‐top (OTT) technique is a surgical approach that eliminates the need for creating a femoral tunnel. According to the existing literature, the OTT technique offers distinct advantages, particularly for skeletally immature individuals and in revision cases. Currently, femoral tunnel failure is the most common cause of ACL reconstruction failure, which can lead to less than optimal postoperative performance of the ACL and a higher likelihood of needing a revision. Additionally, mistakes in the placement of the femoral tunnel and the subsequent risk of tunnel enlargement can increase the complexity of revision procedures, ultimately reducing the long‐term clinical effectiveness for patients. In contrast, the OTT technique has shown excellent biomechanical performance, avoids the need for bone tunnels, is economically practical, and has been proven to provide satisfactory therapeutic outcomes both in the short and long term, especially for skeletally immature individuals and in revision cases. The OTT technique is deemed a safe and effective surgical method for treating ACL injuries. In summary, the OTT technique has unique benefits for skeletally immature individuals and in revision cases, making it a viable option worth considering.

Level of evidence V.
CsCIPK20 Improves Tea Plant Cold Tolerance by Modulating Ascorbic Acid Synthesis Through Attenuation of CsCSN5‐CsVTC1 Interaction
Authors: Di Taimei , Wu Yedie , Wang Jie , He Mingming , Huang Jianyan , Li Nana , Hao Xinyuan , Ding Changqing , Zeng Jianming , Yang Yajun , Wang Xinchao , Wang Lu
Published: December 2024

Low temperature is a limiting environmental factor for tea plant growth and development. CBL‐interacting protein kinases (CIPKs) are important components of the calcium pathway and involved in plant development and stress responses. Herein, we report the function and regulatory mechanisms of a low‐temperature‐inducible gene, CsCIPK20, in tea plants. The overexpression of CsCIPK20 in Arabidopsis and its transient knockdown in tea plants confirmed its positive role in cold resistance. Notably, the ascorbic acid (AsA) levels increased in the overexpression lines and decreased in the CsCIPK20 knockdown tea plants under freezing stress. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that genes involved in flavonoid metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and AsA biosynthesis were significantly regulated by CsCIPK20. Furthermore, we found that CsCSN5, a key component of the COP9 signalosome, interacted with CsCIPK20 to mediate CsCIPK20 degradation. CsCSN5 interacted with CsVTC1, a key enzyme in AsA biosynthesis, and mediated CsVTC1 degradation. Knockdown of CsVTC1 in tea plants enhanced sensitivity to low temperature. Moreover, we demonstrated that CsCIPK20 competed with CsVTC1 to bind to CsCSN5, which protected CsVTC1 from degradation mediated by CsCSN5 and contributed to AsA accumulation. Overall, our findings uncovered a mechanistic framework through which the CsCIPK20‐CsCSN5‐CsVTC1 module mediated AsA accumulation and low‐temperature resistance in tea plants.
Art in movement, art as movement: Collective action and collective gathering for intangible cultural heritage sustainability
Authors: Rincón‐Unigarro Camilo , Jaramillo Andrés , Riascos Carlos , Checa Guisella , da Costa Silvia , López‐López Wilson , Páez Darío , Díaz‐Fuentes Laura , Gómez‐Ortiz Daniela , Ordoñez Camila , Ortíz Isabella , Velásquez Valeria , Venegas Patricia , Jaramillo Juan‐Camilo
Published: December 2024

Carnaval de Negros y Blancos is a mixed‐race festive act inscribed on UNESCO's list of intangible cultural heritage (ICH). It hosts collective gatherings that provide opportunities for identity emergence and reaffirmation, where heritage owners lead top‐down and bottom‐up safeguarding efforts. This study aims to document the processes of collective action for sustainability, by analyzing top‐down and bottom‐up initiatives for safeguarding. We conducted a mixed‐methods study in Pasto, Colombia, using data from interviews with ICH stakeholders (n = 59) and from surveys with carnival players (n = 403). Heritage safeguarding, peacebuilding, human expression, transcendent experience, and evolving identities are the main themes within safeguarding movements. Additionally, the quality of participation in the event, either as performer or not performer at Senda del Carnaval, relates to sociocognitive and emotional processes of both social movements and collective gatherings. Findings portray ICH as a context for sustainable cities and communities, as well as increased peace, justice, and responsive institutions.
Inflammation and mechanical force‐induced bone remodeling
Authors: Jeon Hyeran Helen , Huang Xin , Rojas Cortez Leticia , Sripinun Puttipong , Lee Jung‐me , Hong Julie J. , Graves Dana T.
Published: December 2024

Periodontitis arises from imbalanced host–microbe interactions, leading to dysbiosis and destructive inflammation. The host's innate and adaptive immune responses produce pro‐inflammatory mediators that stimulate destructive events, which cause loss of alveolar bone and connective tissue attachment. There is no consensus on the factors that lead to a conversion from gingivitis to periodontitis, but one possibility is the proximity of the inflammation to the bone, which promotes bone resorption and inhibits subsequent bone formation during coupled bone formation. Conversely, orthodontic tooth movement is triggered by the mechanical force applied to the tooth, resulting in bone resorption on the compression side and new bone formation on the tension side. However, the environment around orthodontic brackets readily retains dental plaque and may contribute to inflammation and bone remodeling. The immune, epithelial, stromal, endothelial and bone cells of the host play an important role in setting the stage for bone remodeling that occurs in both periodontitis and orthodontic tooth movement. Recent advancements in single‐cell RNA sequencing have provided new insights into the roles and interactions of different cell types in response to challenges. In this review, we meticulously examine the functions of key cell types such as keratinocytes, leukocytes, stromal cells, osteocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts involved in inflammation‐ and mechanical force‐driven bone remodeling. Moreover, we explore the combined effects of these two conditions: mechanical force‐induced bone remodeling combined with periodontal disease (chronic inflammation) and periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics (acute transient inflammation). This comprehensive review enhances our understanding of inflammation‐ and mechanical force‐induced bone remodeling.
TRANSFORMING WORKERS’ HEALTH THROUGH LIFESTYLE MEDICINE: PROACTIVE STRATEGIES FOR REDESIGNING A HEALTHIER WORKPLACE
Authors: Loduni Asvenna , Soha Shanjida Mahmud , Hamran Amalina , Hassim Mimi Haryani
Published: December 2024

Challenges such as unhealthy lifestyles, work-related stress, and lack of awareness about healthy eating exist in all sectors of employment. Workers often cannot engage in physical activities and lack resources to manage stress and maintain mental well-being. Despite existing efforts to promote workplace health, these issues persist, indicating a lack of current implementation strategies. The purpose of this study is to address these gaps by improving the implementation of Lifestyle Medicine (LM) concepts at work. The improved suggestion on implementation is based on LM and aims to promote healthy lifestyles and create supportive work environments. These efforts include health programs, workplace environment modifications, health education campaigns, and relevant policies. Based on a survey involving 28 organizations, the approach focuses on enhancing stress management, social connection, ergonomic features, and physical activity. Hence, this study enhances LM implementation to address persistent workplace health challenges aiming to foster a workplace culture that enhances employee health, productivity, and satisfaction.
“AFTERALL, WE LEAVE SOMEONE(S) BEHIND”: INVESTIGATING THE DISCOURSES OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDG) 7 IN ASEAN
Authors: Muyasyaroh Ayu Pratiwi
Published: December 2024

This study examined how Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 7 can achieveits goal in ASEAN, which is to ensure that everyone in the region has access to affordable, dependable, sustainable, and modern energy. To achieve the objective of this study, three SDG 7 indicators (2018-2021) were chosen: (i) the percentage of the population with access to electricity; (ii) the fraction of renewable energy in total final energy consumption; and (iii) energy intensity measured by primary energy and GDP. Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) was employed as an approach in this study. According to the findings of this study, the discourses around SDG 7 have not adequately promoted collaborative efforts among stakeholders. As a result, SDG 7 may fall short of its goal of providing everyone with access to affordable, dependable, sustainable, and modern energy, leaving someone(s) behind. Thus, it is critical to shift the discourses surrounding SDG 7 to support the collective efforts, by bringing together multiple backgrounds, interests, and disciplines using an interdisciplinary approach.
SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH MUSCULOSKELETAL SYMPTOMS IN TRUCK DRIVERS EXPOSED TO WHOLE-BODY VIBRATION: A STUDY AT PORT KLANG, SELANGOR
Authors: Ithnin Anuar , Mohd Suadi Nata Dayana Hazwani , Jamil Nurul Asyiqin
Published: December 2024

Prime mover truck operations are associated with a significant risk of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among drivers due to prolonged exposure to whole-body vibration (WBV). This study aimed to explore the potential link between WBV and the prevalence of MSDs in truck drivers at a major port in Port Klang, Selangor. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted involving 205 prime mover drivers, utilizing data from the Extended Standardized Nordic Questionnaire (NMQ-E) to assess sociodemographic factors and the prevalence of MSDs. Additionally, WBV exposure was measured in a subset of 32 drivers using the Larson Davis HVM100 device. The findings indicated that WBV exposure levels were within the limits set by the European Directive 2002/44/EC, with a maximum of 1.15 m/s² over an 8-hour work period. Despite this, 25.93% of drivers reported lower back pain, 19.88% reported upper back pain, and 16.61% reported neck pain. Statistical analysis revealed significant correlations between work experience and back pain (p=0.038), work experience and hip pain (p=0.033), and body mass index (BMI) and shoulder pain (p=0.027). The study suggests that drivers should be encouraged to take regular breaks to mitigate vibration exposure and that maintaining a healthy weight could reduce the strain on musculoskeletal systems.
WIND FARM DESIGN THROUGH OPTIMAL WIND TURBINE POSITIONING USING GREEDY ALGORITHM
Authors: Mohamad Khairudin Mohamad Syakir , Rosmin Norzanah , Ali Mohammed Nawaf Omar , Ira Devi Sara  , Aede Hatib Musta’amal  , Md Rasid Madihah , Mohd Zawawi Fazila , Kamarulafizam  , Aripriharta
Published: December 2024

Finding the optimal design method for offshore wind turbines in wind farms poses a challenge due to various optimization considerations. This study addresses the optimization problem of wind turbine placement using the Greedy Algorithm. The problem incorporates a linear wake model and a power output function, with an incremental computation method devised to account for the impact of additional turbines on existing ones, thereby enhancing the wind power assessment process. The objective function of the proposed study is the power output, factoring in the wake effect from nearby turbines. The optimal wind farm layout is determined through two optimization stages applied to the existing designs. The proposed wind farm aims to generate 3 MW of power from the turbines. Two scenarios with constant wind velocities and different rotor diameters were utilized to test the proposed method, employing Ansys 2022 as the simulation software. The findings demonstrate that the proposed Greedy Algorithm, coupled with repeated adjustments, yields more accurate results. By optimizing the placement of turbines while considering their mutual influence on power output, the proposed method validates the effectiveness of the Greedy Algorithm for wind turbine position optimization. The insights gained from this research can serve as a foundation for future work in large-scale offshore wind energy projects, contributing to the global transition toward sustainable energy solutions.
A Review of Bioink Development for 3D Bioprinting: Application in Corneal Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Tuan Mohd Marzuki Tuan Mohamad Farhan , Anwar Hamzah Mohd Syahir , Mat Nayan Nadirul Hasraf
Published: December 2024

This review was to describe the state and progress regarding methods for 3D bioprinting applicable for corneal regeneration; these are identified with developments related to bioink and related bioprinting technologies. This review article has pointed out in detail the mechanism of the 3D printing process; it maintains that bioink ideally consists of biomaterial components deriving both from natural and synthetic ones, cells, and biochemical factors, in such ways which could imitate the properties of a native cornea in several respects, in its mechanic, structural, and ultrastructural features. Biocompatibility, transparency, strength for tension, and corresponding rheology were emphasized as relevant. This review discusses recent modalities of bioprinting, including inkjet, extrusion-based, laser-assisted bioprinting, and stereolithography, for their adequacy in corneal tissue engineering. The integrated use of advanced bioprinting techniques combined with optimized bioinks is a highly promising approach in the fabrication of functional corneal tissues for restored vision and the treatment of ocular disorders.
Occupational Therapists’ Perceptions on The Training Needed for Children with Upper Limb Prosthesis
Authors: Chu Ai Reen , Jamaludin Mohd Najeb , Kadar Masne , Siaw Chui Chai
Published: December 2024

The aim of this study was to develop and conduct content validation through expert panel discussion to develop a home-based self-care training module for children who fitted with a 3D printed hand prosthesis. A three-round Delphi technique was implemented. Round one involved 1) a literature search, and 2) a review of an existing user manual, and experiences of 12 occupational therapists specializing in pediatrics and orthopedic was obtained by rating the proposed components using a Likert scale from a range of 1 to 5 in round two of the study.  An analysis of consensus, stability, and agreement was then performed according to the characteristics of relevance, clarity, simplicity and sufficiency in round three by 12 occupational therapists from each state in Peninsular Malaysia. Fleiss kappa statistical test was used to measured strength of agreement. All 12 experts completed and returned the survey where consensus was attained with a mean score of > 4 or 80% agreement. The strength of agreement obtained for each of the dimensions was almost perfect (κ= 1). Following the final round of the survey, a total of three phases, four steps, and 21 activities and items were finalized as the main components in the home-based self-care training module. The Delphi methodology allowing a strong consensus obtained on the key domains for a home-based self-care training module for children who fitted with a 3D printed hand prosthesis.
Effect of Combustion Fuel on Phase, Morphology and Band Gap Energy of MgO Nanoparticles Prepared via Self-Propagating Combustion (SPC) Method
Authors: Badar Nurhanna , Mohd Yusoff Hanis , Nor Azmi Intan Nur Zulayqha , Cik Mohd Marzuki Nur Izzati , Mohd Saidi Nor Syazwanie , Elong Kelimah
Published: December 2024

In this study, MgO nanoparticles (MgO-NPs) were synthesized using the self-propagating combustion (SPC) method. Different fuels which are triethanolamine, glycine, and citric acid were employed to investigate their effects on the phase, morphology, particle size and band gap energy of MgO-NPs. The resulting samples were named MgO-TRI (triethanolamine), MgO-GLY (glycine), and MgO-CA (citric acid), respectively. This method is simple, produces uniform powder, and is capable of yielding large quantities of the final product. Pure MgO-NPs was obtained at the temperature of 600 ℃ for 12 hours. The nanoparticles produced exhibit agglomerated and irregular rounded particle size (26.43 nm) using triethanolamine as fuel followed by citric acid (51.50 nm) and glycine (90.44 nm). The band gap energy of the produced MgO-NPs ranging from 5.81 eV to 6.20 eV are much lower than their micron-sized counterpart (7.8 eV). Due to having the smallest particle size, MgO-TRI sample has the lowest band gap energy followed by MgO-CA and MgO-GLY which have bigger particle size. This shows that the band gap energy of materials is affected by the size of particles. The findings indicated that the tuning of band gap energy of synthesized nanomaterials suiting the desired applications can be executed by varying the fuels. From this study, triethanolamine is evidenced to be the most effective fuel for SPC method as it produces the smallest particle size producing MgO-NPs with the lowest band gap energy compared to other fuels.
Cobalt Doped Tin (IV) Oxide Nanorods: A Potential Ethanol Gas Sensor
Authors: Inderan Vicinisvarri , Lee Hooi Ling , Isa Norain , Wan Kamis Wan Zuraida
Published: December 2024

The introduction of transitional metals into metal oxide matrices can lead to synergistic physiochemical properties compared to the pristine components, offering significant potential across various applications such as gas sensors, photocatalysts and energy storage. This study focuses on hydrothermal synthesis of cobalt-doped tin (IV) oxide (Co:SnO2) nanorods with different Co doping dosages ranging from 0.5–5 mol%. To investigate the physiochemical properties of the as-synthesized Co:SnO2, samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy with selected area electron diffraction (HRTEM/SAED) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The findings reveal that the Co dopant did not noticeably change the shape of SnO2 nanorods. Nevertheless, the size of the nanorods decreased, which is a common behavior observed with transition metal dopants. To study the sensing performance, the undoped SnO2 and 5Co:SnO2 nanorod samples were tested on 1000 ppm ethanol gas and N2 carrier gas at 450°C, the optimum operation temperature. The result indicates that the sensing response of 5Co:SnO2 nanorods recorded 3 times higher response, R0/Rg, 3300 compared to the undoped SnO2 nanorods sensor R0/Rg, 1100. This study suggests that the improvement in ethanol gas sensing performance can be attributed to the changes in physicochemical properties, such as particle size reduction, band gap narrowing, and the presence of oxygen vacancies.
Isolation, Characterization and Identification of Purple Non Sulfur Bacteria for Cadmium Removal from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Armadi Balqis Nurul Huda , Hasmoni Siti Halimah , Shahir Shafinaz , Al Towayti Wahid Ali Hamood , Ibrahim Zaharah
Published: December 2024

Cadmium (Cd) contamination in aquatic ecosystems poses serious environmental and health challenges due to its high toxicity and non-biodegradable nature. Conventional methods for Cd removal are often expensive and environmentally unsustainable, highlighting the need for alternative bioremediation approaches. Purple Non-Sulfur Bacteria (PNSB) have shown potential in heavy metal biosorption, but their application in Cd removal requires further exploration.This study is focused on the isolation, characterization and identification of purple non sulfur bacteria (PNSB) isolated from Kim Kim River, Pasir Gudang, Johor and its ability in removal of Cadmium  from aqueous solution. PNSB was isolated and identifies based on morphological, pigment analysis and 16S rRNA approaches. Rhodobacter sp. was isolated and identified and was then studied for its ability to remove Cd in different environmental conditions such as various temperature, initial Cd solution pH and microbial growth conditions. The results showed that the best condition for Cd biosorption by  Rhodobacter sp. was at 25°C, initial cadmium pH of 5.5 and facultative light incubation condition with 37.77%  removal of  Cd from aqueous solution. In conclusion, Rhodobacter s sp. isolated from Kim Kim River has the potential to remove cadmium from aqueous solution.
Enhancing Aerobic Granular Sludge Formation in Domestic Wastewater Through Mg2+ Augmentation
Authors: Abdullah Sani Nurul Aqilah , Abdullah Norhayati
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the optimal Mg²⁺ concentration for enhancing aerobic granular sludge formation in domestic wastewater treatment. Domestic wastewater samples and activated seed sludge were obtained from a local wastewater treatment plant. The research examined three Mg²⁺ concentrations—130 mg/L, 160 mg/L, and 260 mg/L—alongside a control sample without Mg²⁺. Each sample was supplemented with solid magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄) before being fed with activated seed sludge for aerobic granular sludge cultivation in four lab-scale sequential batch reactors, operated at a 50% volume exchange ratio (VER) and a 2.5 L/min aeration rate. Results indicated that a 160 mg/L Mg²⁺ concentration yielded the highest chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency and stable granule formation within a 20-day cultivation period. In contrast, Mg²⁺ concentrations exceeding 260 mg/L negatively impacted aerobic granular sludge formation due to altered extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) content. This study identified 160 mg/L as the optimum Mg²⁺ concentration for efficient granular sludge formation, showing promising potential to improve existing practices in wastewater management.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Phenol from Textile Wastewater Using Rutile and ZnO-NPs Doped Rutile Nanocomposite
Authors: Adewoye Tunmise Latifat , MOHAMMED Ishaq Alhassan , MUSTAPHA Sherif Ishola , Hambali Hambali Umar , ZUBAIRU Abdulkadri Ahmed , ATANDA Ayodele Sarat , ETIM Rephael Nsebong , IKUSEMORO Boluwatife Korede
Published: December 2024

This research focuses on the photocatalytic degradation of phenol from textile wastewater. The objective is to synthesize and characterize zinc oxide nanoparticles and a rutile-ZnO nanocomposite and compare their degradation performance on phenol from textile wastewater. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) were synthesized via a green method by mixing zinc nitrate hexahydrate with Mangifera indica leaf extract. The synthesized nanoparticles were incorporated into rutile (TiO2), a photocatalyst often limited by its band gap and high recombination rate, to obtain the rutile-ZnO-NPs nanocomposite. The particle size distribution of the synthesised ZnO-NPs was assessed using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and the morphology, surface area of ZnO-NPs, pure rutile, and the rutile-ZnO-NPs nanocomposite were determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis. The photocatalytic potential of rutile and rutile-ZnO-NPs to degrade phenol from textile wastewater was investigated under three conditions: sunlight, UV lamp, and darkness. The SEM results revealed that the materials have good morphological properties, and the BET results indicated that the synthesised material have relatively large surface area. The rutile-ZnO-NPs demonstrated superior photocatalytic activity under sunlight and artificial light, with degradation efficiencies of 94.87% and 91.66%, respectively, compared to pure rutile's 86.70% and 83.54%. The kinetics of phenol degradation followed pseudo-second order model suggesting chemisorption involving valence forces by sharing or exchanging electron. The doping of ZnO-NPs into rutile matrix enhanced the photocatalytic activity of the nanocomposite.
International Research Hotspots and Trends in the Integration of Positive Psychology and Education-Visualization Mapping Analysis Based on CiteSpace of Literature from 1998-2018
Authors: Li He
Published: December 2024

Positive psychology has been in the spotlight since it became an independent discipline in 1998. In its integration with education, extensive research has been conducted in the fields of psychology, education, social sciences, health care sciences and services, business and economics. Through the method of knowledge graph visualization, the international literature on the integration of positive psychology and education is sorted out, which also helps to examine the areas and directions of future development and gives some insights to our researchers. Using the visualization and analysis software CiteSpace.V. 5.1 R8 SE to analyze the 1139 literature on positive psychology and education in the Web of Science database from 1998-2018, future research development can be carried out to conduct cross-disciplinary and cross-cultural cross-sectional research, and to supplement the longitudinal research to deepen the theoretical research and expand the field of application.
Spectral convergence in large finite resonator arrays: The essential spectrum and band structure
Authors: Ammari Habib , Davies Bryn , Hiltunen Erik Orvehed
Published: December 2024

We show that the resonant frequencies of a system of coupled resonators in a truncated periodic lattice converge to the essential spectrum of the corresponding infinite lattice. We use the capacitance matrix as a model for fully coupled subwavelength resonators with long‐range interactions in three spatial dimensions. For one‐, two‐ or three‐dimensional lattices embedded in three‐dimensional space, we show that the (discrete) density of states (DOS) for the finite system converges in distribution to the (continuous) DOS of the infinite system. We achieve this by proving a weak convergence of the finite capacitance matrix to corresponding (translationally invariant) Toeplitz matrix of the infinite structure. With this characterisation at hand, we use the truncated Floquet transform to introduce a notion of spectral band structure for finite materials. This principle is also applicable to structures that are not translationally invariant and have interfaces. We demonstrate this by considering examples of perturbed systems with defect modes, such as an analogue of the well‐known interface Su–Schrieffer–Heeger model.
Asymptotic growth rate of solutions to level‐set forced mean curvature flows with evolving spirals
Authors: Mitake Hiroyoshi , Tran Hung V.
Published: December 2024

Here, we study a level‐set forced mean curvature flow with evolving spirals and the homogeneous Neumann boundary condition, which appears in a crystal growth model. Under some appropriate conditions on the forcing term, we prove that the solution is globally Lipschitz. We then study the large time average of the solution and deduce the asymptotic growth rate of the crystal. Some large time behavior results of the solution are obtained.
Profile analysis in listeners with normal and elevated audiometric thresholds: Behavioral and modeling results
Authors: Guest Daniel R. , Cameron David A. , Schwarz Douglas M. , Leong U-Cheng , Richards Virginia M. , Carney Laurel H.
Published: December 2024

Profile-analysis experiments measure the ability to discriminate complex sounds based on patterns, or profiles, in their amplitude spectra. Studies of profile analysis have focused on normal-hearing listeners and target frequencies near 1 kHz. To provide more insight into underlying mechanisms, we studied profile analysis over a large target frequency range (0.5–4 kHz) and in listeners with both normal and elevated audiometric thresholds. We found that profile analysis degrades at high frequencies and that the effect of spacing between nearby frequency components differs with frequency. Consistent with prior reports, elevated audiometric thresholds were not associated with impaired performance when stimuli consisted of few distantly spaced frequency components. However, elevated audiometric thresholds were associated with elevated profile-analysis thresholds for stimuli composed of many closely spaced frequency components. Behavioral thresholds from listeners with and without hearing loss were predicted by decoding firing rates from simulated auditory-nerve fibers or simulated modulation-sensitive inferior-colliculus neurons. Although responses from both model stages informed some aspects of the behavioral data, only population decoding of inferior-colliculus responses accounted for the worsening of profile-analysis thresholds at high target frequencies. Collectively, these results suggest that profile analysis involves multiple non-peripheral factors, including multichannel comparisons and midbrain tuning to amplitude modulation.
How accurate is ceftriaxone at predicting susceptibility of enterobacterales isolates to oral higher-generation cephalosporins?
Authors: Claeys Kimberly C. , Simner Patricia J. , Tekle Tsigereda , Harris Anthony D. , Jacobs Emily , Cosgrove Sara E. , Tamma Pranita D.
Published: December 2024

The reliability of ceftriaxone for inferring susceptibility to higher-generation oral cephalosporins is unknown. Overall, ceftriaxone susceptibility predicted susceptibility to cefuroxime (89%), cefdinir (86%), cefpodoxime (90%), and cefixime (94%) based on disk diffusion results for 409 consecutive Enterobacterales bloodstream isolates from unique patients. Susceptibility percentages to the four oral cephalosporins ranged from 92% to 99% when limited to
Escherichia coli
,
Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, or Proteus mirabilis
isolates susceptible to ceftriaxone.
Treatment with BKI-1748 after
Toxoplasma gondii
systemic dissemination in experimentally infected pregnant sheep improves fetal and lamb mortality and morbidity and prevents congenital infection
Authors: Sánchez-Sánchez Roberto , Huertas-López Ana , Largo-de la Torre Andrea , Ferre Ignacio , Dini Filippo Maria , Re Michela , Moreno-Gonzalo Javier , Choi Ryan , Hulverson Matthew A. , Ojo Kayode K. , Arnold Samuel L. M. , Hemphill Andrew , Van Voorhis Wesley C. , Ortega-Mora Luis Miguel
Published: December 2024

Drug development for congenital toxoplasmosis is challenging since first-line therapy has a high rate of adverse effects and exhibits suboptimal efficacy. Bumped kinase inhibitors (BKIs), targeting protein kinases with small gatekeeper residues, have been found to be effective against
Toxoplasma gondii
. The efficacy of BKI-1748 administered later than 2 days post-infection (p.i.), a scenario that may better reflect its real-world use as a therapeutic candidate, has not been investigated in
T. gondii
-infected pregnant sheep. For this purpose, 19 pregnant sheep were assigned to three experimental groups. Group 1 (G1,
n
= 8) and group 2 (G2,
n
= 8) were dosed orally with 10 TgShSp1 sporulated oocysts at 90 days of gestation (dg). Animals from group 3 (G3,
n
= 3) were simultaneously mock dosed with phosphate-buffered solution (PBS). In G1, BKI-1748 was administered orally from day 7 p.i. (fever and increased serum IFNγ levels) onward, maintaining drug exposure for 20 days (10 doses at 15 mg/kg every 2 days). Treated animals (G1) exhibited significantly lower rectal temperatures (on days 8 and 9 p.i.), serum IFNγ levels (on day 10 p.i.), and specific IgG levels when compared with non-treated animals (G2). At delivery, significantly higher percentages of healthy lambs were found in infected/treated sheep in G1 (73.3%) and in uninfected sheep in G3 (80%) compared with infected/untreated sheep in G2 (31.3%). Concerning congenital transmission, parasite DNA was neither detected in placenta nor target tissues (brain and lungs) from the fetuses/lambs in G1(infected/treated) and G3 (uninfected). By contrast, parasite DNA was detected in all placentas and lambs from G2 (infected/untreated), except for one sheep that aborted on day 13 p.i.
A
Clostridioides difficile
cell-free gene expression system for prototyping and gene expression analysis
Authors: Zeng Ji , Wang Hao , Xu Yuxi , Han Jianying , Li Yannan , Wen Shu'an , Wu Changbu , Li Dani , Liu Zheng , Zhang Xiaokang , Tian Guo-Bao , Dong Min
Published: December 2024

Clostridioides difficile
is an obligate anaerobic, Gram-positive bacterium that produces toxins. Despite technological progress, conducting gene expression analysis of
C. difficile
under different conditions continues to be labor-intensive. Therefore, there is a demand for simplified tools to investigate the transcriptional and translational regulation of
C. difficile
. The cell-free gene expression (CFE) system has demonstrated utility in various applications, including prototyping, protein production, and
in vitro
screening. In this study, we developed a
C. difficile
CFE system capable of
in vitro
transcription and translation (TX-TL) in the presence of oxygen. Through optimization of cell extract preparation and reaction systems, we increased the protein yield significantly. Furthermore, our observations indicated that this system exhibited higher protein yield using linear DNA templates than circular plasmids for
in vitro
expression. The prototyping capability of the
C. difficile
CFE system was assessed using a series of synthetic
Clostridium
promoters, demonstrating a good correlation between
in vivo
and
in vitro
expression. Additionally, we tested the expression of
tcdB
and
tcdR
from clinically relevant
C. difficile
strains using the CFE system, confirming higher toxin expression of the hypervirulent strain R20291. We believe that the CFE system can not only serve as a platform for
in vitro
protein synthesis and genetic part prototyping but also has the potential to be a simplified model for studying metabolic regulations in
Clostridioides difficile
.

IMPORTANCE

Clostridioides difficile
has been listed as an urgent threat due to its antibiotic resistance, and it is crucial to conduct gene expression analysis to understand gene functionality. However, this task can be challenging, given the need to maintain the bacterium in an anaerobic environment and the inefficiency of introducing genetic material into
C. difficile
cells. Conversely, the
C. difficile
cell-free gene expression (CFE) system enables
in vitro
transcription and translation in the presence of oxygen within just half an hour. Furthermore, the composition of the CFE system is adaptable, permitting the addition or removal of elements, regulatory proteins for example, during the reaction. As a result, this system could potentially offer an efficient and accessible approach to accelerate the study of gene expression and function in
Clostridioides difficile
.
Absence of biofilm adhesin proteins changes surface attachment and cell strategy for
Desulfovibrio vulgaris
Hildenborough
Authors: Pickens C. Pete , Wang Dongyu , Pan Chongle , De León Kara B.
Published: December 2024

Ubiquitous in nature, biofilms provide stability in a fluctuating environment and provide protection from stressors. Biofilms formed in industrial processes are exceedingly problematic and costly. While biofilms of sulfate-reducing bacteria in the environment are often beneficial because of their capacity to remove toxic metals from water, in industrial pipelines, these biofilms cause a major economic impact due to their involvement in metal and concrete corrosion. The mechanisms by which biofilms of sulfate-reducing bacteria form, however, are not well understood. Our previous work identified two proteins, named by their gene loci DVU1012 and DVU1545, as adhesins in the model sulfate-reducing bacterium,
Desulfovibrio vulgaris
Hildenborough. Both proteins are localized to the cell surface and the presence of at least one of the proteins, with either being sufficient, is necessary for biofilm formation to occur. In this study, differences in cell attachment and early biofilm formation in single deletion mutants of these adhesins were identified. Cells lacking DVU1012 had a different attachment strategy from wild-type (WT) and ΔDVU1545 cells, more often attaching as single cells than aggregates, which indicated that DVU1012 was more important for cell-to-cell attachment. ΔDVU1545 cells had increased cell attachment compared to WT cells when grown in static cultures. To date, comparisons of the
D. vulgaris
Hildenborough have been made to the large adhesion protein system in environmental pseudomonads. Yet, we and others have shown distinct mechanistic differences in the systems. We propose to name these proteins in
D. vulgaris
Hildenborough biofilm formation system to facilitate comparisons.

IMPORTANCE

Biofilms of sulfate-reducing bacteria contribute to biocorrosion, costing the United States hundreds of millions of dollars annually. In contrast, these biofilms can be used to bioremediate toxic heavy metals and to generate bioelectricity. As one of the most abundant groups of organisms on Earth, it is pertinent to better understand mechanistically how the biofilms of sulfate-reducing bacteria form so we may use this knowledge to help in efforts to mitigate biocorrosion, to promote bioremediation, and to produce clean energy. This study shows that the absence of either one of two biofilm adhesins impacts surface colonization by a sulfate-reducing bacterium, and that these two biofilm adhesins differ in their effect on cell attachment compared to other well-documented bacteria such as
Pseudomonas
species.
Assembly and performance of a cholera RDT prototype that detects both
Vibrio cholerae
and associated bacteriophage as a proxy for pathogen detection
Authors: Sayeed Md. Abu , Nabil Imrul Kayes , Bhattacharjee Piyash , Hossain Md. Shawkat , Akter Noor Jahan , Akter Romana , Kelley Karen L. , Karim Mahbubul , Begum Yasmin Ara , Bhuiyan Taufiqur Rahman , Qadri Firdausi , Khan Ashraful Islam , Nelson Eric J.
Published: December 2024

Cholera rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are vulnerable to virulent bacteriophage predation. We hypothesized that an enhanced cholera RDT that detects the common virulent bacteriophage ICP1 might serve as a proxy for pathogen detection. We previously developed a monoclonal antibody (mAb) to the ICP1 major capsid protein. Our objective was to design and assemble a first-of-its-kind RDT that detects both a bacterial pathogen (
Vibrio cholerae
) and associated virulent bacteriophage (ICP1). Candidate mAbs were expanded to increase design options and evaluated by immunological assays (ELISA; western blot). A subset of mAbs were selected for gold conjugation and printing on the RDT. The detection limit of the prototype RDTs was determined in diarrheal stools with the addition of ICP1. Three mAb candidates were developed and evaluated for the capsid decoration protein (ORF123) and tail fiber protein (ORF93), and the prior mAb for the major capsid protein (ORF122). A single mAb sandwich RDT prototype for ORF122 was able to detect ICP1; RDTs with mAbs to ORF123 and ORF93 failed to detect ICP1 in single- or dual-sandwich configurations. Biologically relevant concentrations for ICP1 were detected only after boiling the stool with ICP1; analysis by electron microscopy (EM) suggested increased epitope availability after boiling. In this study, we demonstrate a proof of concept for a functional RDT that can detect both the primary pathogen and a common virulent bacteriophage as a proxy for pathogen detection. Further optimization is required before scaled production and implementation.

IMPORTANCE

This paper represents an important step forward to address the vulnerability of cholera RDTs to the effects of phage predation on the target
Vibrio cholerae
. The assembly and evaluation of an RDT that detects both the primary pathogen and a phage as a proxy for the primary pathogen is an innovative solution. When optimized and evaluated in clinical studies, this tool may become critical in the cholera response tool kit as well as represent a diagnostic proof-of-concept for other infectious agents.