bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hypoplasia of Fourth Part of Vertebral Artery and Its Clinical Significance
Authors: Kavitha S. , Shastri Deepti
Published: March 2021

Introduction:

The anatomical and morphological variation of vertebral artery has clinical importance not only to the performance of interventional or surgical procedure itself but also to ensure circulation to the hindbrain.

Aim of the Study:

To analyze the morphological and morphometric variations of the fourth part of vertebral arteries.

Materials and Methods:

The present study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Vinayaka Mission's Kirupananda Variyar Medical College and Hospitals, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India. Fifteen adult human brains’ specimens acquired from embalmed human cadavers were utilized for the study. Morphology and morphometric analysis of the fourth part of vertebral arteries were done to demonstrate the variations. Vernier caliper was used for morphometric analysis.

Results:

The mean diameter of the fourth part of the left vertebral artery has been larger in size than the right vertebral artery with a mean of 2.55 mm ± 0.30 mm. In one specimen, the fourth part of the left vertebral artery was very narrow with a diameter of 0.1 mm and the right vertebral artery measured 0.4 mm.

Conclusion:

Hypoplasia of the fourth part of the vertebral artery is a contributing factor in acute ischemia of the brain. Morphological variations of the vertebral artery are considered as an etiological factor for conditions such as atherosclerosis, infarction, vascular malformations, transient ischemic attack and syndromes such as Wallenberg's and Medial Medullary syndrome. Vascular variations usually subject for controversy, and detailed knowledge of such variations serves as a key role in procedures such as magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and neurovascular surgeries. The study will be done extensively to support the anatomical and morphological variations of vertebral arteries to make fruitful clinical implications.
Research trends in trabecular bone score
Authors: Koo Malcolm , Chuang Tzyy-Ling , Wang Yuh-Feng
Published: March 2021

Objective:

Trabecular bone score (TBS) is a novel index for assessing bone microarchitecture quality. No bibliometric reviews to date have yet explored the literature of TBS. Therefore, this study aimed to provide a bibliometric review on the trends of research publications on TBS indexed in the Science Citation Index Expanded and the Social Sciences Citation Index from 2008 to 2019.

Materials and Methods:

Using the Science Citation Index Expanded and the Social Sciences Citation Index, articles designated as original articles or review articles were searched using the keyword “trabecular bone score.” The retrieved articles were analyzed using Histcite 12.03.17 and VOSviewer v. 1.6.15 to identify top authors, journals, countries, and occurrence of keywords.

Results:

A total of 430 original and review articles on TBS published between 2008 and 2019 were identified. The number of articles increased steadily from 2008 to 2019, reaching 80 articles in 2019 alone. The United States of America, Switzerland, and France were the countries with the highest output of publications. The journal Osteoporosis International published the largest number of articles on TBS. Analysis of co-occurrence of author-supplied keywords revealed four clusters, with TBS, bone mineral density, and osteoporosis as the most prominent keywords.

Conclusion:

This bibliometric study on TBS published between 2008 and 2019 revealed the collaborative network of countries and the highly published journals and authors. Co-occurrence of keywords also revealed clusters of research hotspots, which could contribute to the understanding of the current state of TBS research and the identification of research gap.
Retrospective evaluation of the curative effect of traditional Chinese medicine on dry eye disease
Authors: Su San-Hua , Ho Tsung-Jung , Yang Cheng-Chan
Published: March 2021

Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial illness with an increasingly high global prevalence and multiple risk factors that widely influences patients’ daily lives. It is essential to identify treatments with few or no side effects for patients with DED. We have reviewed studies published from 2001 to 2020 that investigated traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and integrated Chinese and Western medicine for DED treatment. Current Chinese medicines used in DED therapy were categorized into four types, namely anti-oxidants, anti-inflammatory agents, hormone-like agents, and cell-repairing agents. Compound herbs, including Chi-Ju-Di-Huang-Wan and Qiming granule, can effectively alleviate dry eye symptoms. Moreover, patients with DED who were treated with Western medicine combined with TCM experienced significantly magnified therapeutic effects and reasonable costs of treatment. In conclusion, TCM can be a promising approach for treating DED, and combined treatment with TCM and Western drugs may represent a new strategy for improving the curative effect.
18F-fallypride and 11C-methionine positron emission tomography/computed tomography for the study of prolactinomas and nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas: A case series
Authors: Damian Andres , Pineyro Maria M. , Quagliata Adriana , Risso Mariana , Montiglia Paula , Lima Ramiro , Alonso Omar
Published: March 2021

Some studies have assessed the expression of dopaminergic dopamine 2 (D2)/3 receptors in prolactinomas and nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPA) by positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with 11C-raclopride, proving that this modality can be useful to predict the response to treatment with dopamine agonists. However, the use of 11C-labeled radiotracers is limited, as it requires a cyclotron in the PET center. 18F-fallypride is a radiotracer that has proven useful in assessing the expression of D2/3 receptors. As it is labeled with 18F, it can be produced and transported to distant PET centers. There are no studies on the usefulness of 18F-fallypride for the evaluation of patients with prolactinomas and NFPA. The aim of this study was to describe the first case series of patients with prolactinomas and NFPA studied with 18F-fallypride and 11C-methionine PET/CT to reveal D2/3 expression and amino acid (AA) metabolism. 18F-fallypride and 11C-methionine uptake were assessed in a case series of six patients, five with prolactinomas and one with a NFPA, and compared with clinical presentation and follow-up at 6–18 months. All patients presented with macroadenomas, with a wide range of AA metabolism, as revealed by 11C-methionine PET/CT. 18F-fallypride PET/CT identified low to moderate/high D2/3 expression in the tumors. The patient that presented low expression of D2/3 in the tumor and high AA metabolism showed a poor response to DA therapy. 18F-fallypride was able to reveal D2/3 receptor expression in prolactinomas and NFPA, with the advantage of been a more accessible radiotracer in comparison with previous 11C labeled analogs.
توازن مخلفات الصرف الصحي باستخدام غبار قمائن الأسمنت لاستخدامها كسماد معدل في المملكة العربية السعودية
Authors: محمد سليم محمد سليم
Published: March 2021

. من أجل الاستفادة من مخلفات الصرف الصحي المحلية كأسمدة، تم استخدام غبار قمائن الأسمنت المنتج محليًا لتثبيت الحمأة. نظرًا لأن المعادن في غبار قمائن الأسمنت ومسببات الأمراض في مخلفات الصرف الصحي هي القيود التي تعوق استخدام الحمأة كسماد فقد تم تحضير العديد من الخلطات (25? إلى 45?) مع مخلفات الصرف الصحي، وتم تحليل الخلطات النهائية من أجل الأس الهيدروجيني. أظهرت النتائج أن 32? من غبار قمائن الأسمنت قد يجلب الرقم الهيدروجيني للحمأة فوق 12 وهو ما يكفي لتثبيت الحمأة وتقليل التعدادات الميكروبيولوجية حتى الحدود المسموح بها تلك المقدمة من وكالة حماية البيئة الأمريكية ووزارة الصحة النيوزيلندية. بعد أن وصلت حمأة المعالجة إلى الدرجة الصلبة من الفئة أ والتي يمكن استخدامها كسماد. علاوة على ذلك، فإن تركيز المعادن الثقيلة في الخلطات النهائية مقارنة بالمعايير الأمريكية والفرنسية والأوروبية والكندية وجد أن تركيزات المعادن في الخليط النهائي هي ضمن الحدود المسموح بها إذا كانت نسبة غبار قمائن الأسمنت لن تتجاوز 32? في مياه الصرف الصحي الناتجة. لذلك، أظهرت الدراسة أن الحمأة المستقرة يمكن استخدامها لتطبيقات الأراضي مثل الأسمدة بأمان. إن استراتيجية استخدام غبار قمائن الأسمنت لن توفر فقط الوسائل الاقتصادية للحفاظ على البيئة والموارد الطبيعية، بل ستقلل أيضًا تكلفة التخلص من مخلفات الصرف الصحي.
تأثير المعالجة المسبقة على قوة التلاصق في شرائح الألومنيوم المدرفلة
Authors: سعيد موسى سعيد موسى
Published: March 2021

. في هذا العمل، تمت دراسة تأثير المعالجات المسبقة لأسطح شرائح الألومنيوم المدرفلة باستخدام ذرات الألومنيوم المؤكسد وتأثيرها على قوة التلاصق بين شرائح الألومنيوم. تمت دراسة تأثير المسافة بين فوهة الضاغط والشريحة، وكذلك دراسة وقت المعالجة. وقد أظهرت النتائج أن وقت المعالجة له تأثير كبير على خشونة السطح، وبذلك تأثيره ينعكس على قوة التلاصق. وعلى الطرف الآخر، المسافة بين الضاغط الهوائي والشريحة له تأثير طفيف.
Characterization of the Geophagic Materials and Their Associated Rocks and Soils from Anfoega, Ghana
Authors: Badu J. K. , Nude P. M. , Dodor D. E. , Nartey E. K. , Adjadeh T. A.
Published: March 2021

This study was conducted to examine the physico-chemical and mineralogical properties of geophagic materials and their associated rocks and soils from Anfoega, Ghana. The geophagic materials were sampled from pits >10 m deep overlain by massive sandstones and shallow soils which were also sampled. The pH of the geophagic materials was strongly acid. The pH of the soils from the three sites was slightly to moderately acid, that of the fourth site was moderately acid in the surface but strongly acid in the lower layers. While the geophagic materials were enriched with clay, the soil samples contained high amounts of sand. The CEC of the geophagic materials (18.0 to 23.2 cmolc kg-1) was higher than that of the soils (5.3 to 22.6 cmolc kg-1). Thin sections of the rocks showed high amounts of quartz and accessory feldspars and sericite. The geophagic materials contained high amounts of clay (with >79% SiO2), quartz, feldspars and sericite. X-ray diffractograms of the geophagic materials, rocks and soils were dominated by quartz, kaolinite, muscovite and feldspars. The sialic minerals in the geophagic materials (shales) were probably leached from the overlying sandstones. The mineralogy of the soils indicated that they were formed in-situ from the underlying sandstones.
Impact of Microwave Irradiation Energy Levels on Molecular Rotation, Structural, Physicochemical, Proximate and Functional Properties of Potato (Ipomoea batatas) Starch
Authors: Awokoya K. N. , Odeleye I. E. , Muhammed Y. A. , Ndukwe N. A. , Ibikunle A. A.
Published: March 2021

Starch isolated from potato was subjected to microwave treatment at different energy levels (200 - 800 W) to modify the functional, structural and physicochemical properties, as well as induce molecular rotation of the hydroxyl group on the starch polysaccharide. Proximate analyses revealed that moisture content reduced, while ash, protein, fat and fibre increased after modification. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy spectra indicated a strong shift in absorption band of OH from 3441 to 3454 cm-1. Optical light microscopy revealed that starch granules were oval and spherical in shape with hyla on some of the granules. Least gelation concentration reduced following microwave treatment. Compared with the native starch, the pasting parameters of the microwave treated starches decreased, with the exception of set­back viscosity for starch modified at 800 W. Onset temperature (TO), peak temperature (TP) and conclusion temperature (TC) of gelatinization increased in microwave treated starches compared with native potato starch. Also, gelatinization enthalpy increased from 8.21 J/g in native starch to 15.39, 16.36, 17.76 and 38.06 J/g in microwave treated starches at 200, 400, 600, and 800 W, respectively. It was concluded that the energy of microwave irradiation can induce and accelerate molecular rotation of the hydroxyl group on the starch polysaccharide.
The Covid-19 Crisis and the ‘new’ Normality of Surf Tourism in Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: Martin-Gonzalez Roberto , Swart Kamilla
Published: March 2021

Tourism has been one of the sectors that has suffered the greatest impact by the Covid-19 virus, which has created an unprecedented context with thousands of tourism-related companies closing with an unclear future. International tourism was recovering from the previous financial crisis achieving historical milestones regarding international tourist arrivals. Simultaneously, tourism niches like active sport tourism have experienced significant growth which has been developed to achieve more sustainable tourism as is the case of surf tourism in Cape Town. This article aims to investigate the surf tourism socio-economic competitiveness of Cape Town beaches to provide solutions and alternatives for a return to the ‘new normality’ due to the Covid-19 crisis. Political economy and geography, as well as tourism systems’ approach, are employed for the theoretical background. A mixed-method approach was utilised in this study including a qualitative, narrative method for the literature review, and a quantitative weighted set of indicators. The results suggest that active sports and domestic tourism have potential to help short-term tourism recovery. Three beaches showed the best potential for socio-economic development, while two beaches in underprivileged neighbourhoods were found potentially interesting for boosting surf tourism development. This study could inform government policy to determine the main areas for surf tourism development.
System Theory for an Information System for Planning Project Activities in a High-tech Enterprise
Authors: Batova Marina , Baranova Irina , Korobchenko Oleg , Baranov Vyacheslav
Published: March 2021

Financial Systems and Financial Engineering plays an important role in modern Systems Theory. In Systems Theory, the planning and informatization issues concerning project management processes in high-tech enterprises have been considered. The network model role in organizing the intellectual resource management of an innovative project was investigated. A set of heuristic preference rules for organizing project management under conditions of limited intellectual resources available for the project was developed. An algorithm for constructing an implementation schedule for an innovation project as well as for estimating the dynamics of resource consumption and loss depending on the presence or absence of constraints on the project intellectual resource value was proposed. A description is given for a software product created by the authors, providing support for decisions made by the high-tech enterprise management at the stage of project operational and calendar planning of its intellectual resources.
Turfan: Connecting with Seleucia-Ctesiphon
Authors: Hunter Erica C. D.
Published: March 2021

Despite its linguistic and physical distance from the Mesopotamian heartland, the Church of the East maintained its spiritual and theological heritage amongst its Iranian-speaking communities at Turfan. Psalters written in a wide variety of languages and bilingual lectionaries attest the efforts that were made to ‘reach out’ to the local communities, but it was through the Syriac liturgy that the intrinsic connection with Seleucia-Ctesiphon was maintained. Using MIK III 45, the most complete liturgical text from Turfan, consisting of 61 folios with a C14 dating (771–884 CE), the paper explores the role of liturgy as a tool of community memory. Of prime significance was the commemoration of Mart Shir, the Sassanid queen who eschewed her royal connections to become the evangelist of Marv. Here, the liturgy offers a very different perspective to the ninth-century Arabic Chronicle of Se’ert, in which she was subordinated to Baršabbā, the alleged first bishop of Marv. The prayer of Bar Sauma, bishop of Nisibis, recited plene during the rite for the consecration of a new church (altar), also recalled the close association that had been forged with the Sassanid realms.
Les questionnaires d’examen de français : qu’évaluent les enseignant·e·s burundais·es?
Authors: NDUWINGOMA PIERRE , NDEREYIMANA EDITH
Published: March 2021

Ce texte porte sur l’analyse typologique des questionnaires d’examen donnés par les enseignant·e·s de français. Il vise à vérifier si toutes les compétences communicatives sont évaluées. Dans le contexte burundais, la réforme de 2013 a permis de mettre en place des programmes qui s’inspirent de l’approche communicative. Celle-ci porte essentiellement sur quatre compétences communicatives, à savoir la lecture-compréhension, la compréhension orale, l’expression écrite et la production orale. Cependant, des questions se posent toujours : les professeur·e·s de français ont-ils·elles adopté l’innovation quant à leur façon d’évaluer? Qu’évaluent-ils·elles? S’intéressent-ils·elles à toutes les compétences? Cette étude essaie de répondre à ces questions par le biais de l’analyse des questionnaires d’examen de français proposés aux élèves. Ainsi, il a été question de collecter, dans sept écoles de la province scolaire de Bujumbura, des questionnaires d’examen formés de 42 items. L’analyse de contenu et l’interprétation des résultats ont montré que les exercices donnés lors des examens portent sur les ressources linguistiques, sur la lecture-compréhension et sur la production des phrases simples. Les élèves sont ainsi évalué·e·s sur des matières qui ne couvrent pas suffisamment toutes les compétences communicatives puisque, dans les faits, ce sont les outils linguistiques qui sont évalués.
La mémoire familiale, un ancrage à l’histoire : entre témoignage et héritage dans « Le Fo », « Les Cigognes sont immortelles » d’Alain Mabanckou et « Empreinte de crabe » de Patrice Nganang
Authors: FANTA JACQUELINE
Published: March 2021

Ce texte examine comment la mémoire familiale constitue un ancrage à l’histoire dans la production du roman historique francophone. Dans un contexte de crise générale, retrouver et marquer ses repères devient un impératif pour les écrivains francophones de cette dernière décennie. Les romans de Mahi Binebine (Le Fou du roi), Alain Mabanckou (Les Cigognes sont immortelles) et Patrice Nganang (Empreinte de crabe) posent avec acuité la problématique d’un héritage à la fois familial et historique. Ces trois auteurs actualisent leur histoire familiale heurtée aux crises de l’Histoire. Par ce procédé, ils proposent une façon singulière d’envisager le passé et ils se font passeurs de mémoire.
POWER AND CRIME OF OBEDIENCE IN EDUCATION DEPARTMENT-AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF PAKISTAN
Authors:   Virtual University of Pakistan., Asfand Yar Ahmad
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of power on a follower’s willingness to commit a crime of obedience by complying with a leader’s unethical request in organizations of Pakistan. Both variables were of considerable importance in the literature of Management. The Research framework consists of five hypotheses. Data was collected with a survey from 150 employees of Education Department of Pakistan. Multiple Regression analyses were conducted to investigate the proposed model. The results indicate that power is an important component in obedience to authority. Findings suggest that all five FrenchRaven bases of power are positively related with an intention to commit a crime of obedience. Results are discussed in relation to research on obedience to authority. When power is used by authority, individuals may obey in ways which are destructive and against their personal, moral values. The study has the wide scope for its implementation. On the basis of research findings, the government can modify their policies to get rid of the crime of obedience in the educational sector of Pakistan.
STABILNOST PRINOSA ZRNA LINIJA PŠENICE CENTRA ZA STRNA ŽITA KRAGUJEVAC
Authors:   Centre for Small Grains, Kragujevac, Lukovic Kristina , Zečevic Veselinka ,   Megatrend University, Faculty of biofarming, Perišic Vladimir ,   Centre for Small Grains, Kragujevac, Milovanovic Milivoje ,   Technical Vocational College, Požarevac, Serbia, Bratkovic Kamenko ,   Centre for Small Grains, Kragujevac, Rajicic Vera ,   University of Niš, Faculty of Agriculture in Krusevac
Published: March 2021

In these investigations, the yield stability of 14 winter bread wheat genotypes were analyzed. The experimental part of the trial was performed at three locations (Kragujevac, Kruševac and Sombor) during 2013/2014. AMMI analysis of variance for grain yield showed that all sources of variation (genotype, environment, their interaction) had a significant effect on the expression of this complex trait. In the total variation of the experiment, the largest contribution had genotype/enviroment interaction, and genotype had the least. The most stable genotypes have been identified, which can be considered as a desirable genotypes, widely adapted to different agroecological conditions.
HOMEORETSKA REGULACUJA METABOLIČKIH FUNKCIJA KOD KRAVA U PERIPARTALNOM PERIODU
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, Đokovic Radojica , Cincovic Marko ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Kurćubic Vladimir ,   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, Petrovic Milun D. ,   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, Petrovic Miloš Ži. ,   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, Anđušic Ljiljana ,   University of Priština, Faculty of Agriculture, Anđelic Biljana ,   University of Niš, Faculty of Agriculture in Krusevac
Published: March 2021

The aim of this paper is to describe complex homeoretic and homeostatic mechanisms in dairy cows during the peripartum period. The endocrine system has a key function in regulating the adaptation of metabolism during the peripartum period. Homeoresis represents the functioning of the endocrine system and metabolism in conditions when the organism must primarily provide certain physiological processes, such as fetal growth or lactation. Then the function of all tissues is adjusted to the new situation. Homeoretic hormones (growth hormone, prolactin, glucocorticosteroids, thyroid hormones, insulin, glucagon and leptin) in dairy cows in the peripartum period play a key role in maintaining high lactation and maintaining cow health.
Demiryolu Ulaşım Güvenliği için Makinist Uyarım Sistemi Kavramsal Tasarımı ve Simülasyonu
Authors: SÜMBÜL Harun , BOGREK Ahmet , TUNÇER Abdurrahman
Published: March 2021

Bu çalışmada, demiryollarında güvenli yolculuk için deray anını tespit ederek makiniste bilgi veren bir sistemin kavramsal tasarımı gerçekleştirilmiş olup sistem aynı zamanda bir bilgisayar programı ile simüle edilmiştir. Buna göre bir elektronik devre çizim programı (Proteus ISIS Labcenter Electronics 7.7 SP2) yardımı ile kavramsal tasarıma ait bir devre çizilmiştir. Devre üzerinde, treni temsilen sinyal üreteci; titreşimlerin ve kapasitif değerlerin algılandığını temsil eden butonlar, alınan sinyallerin yükseltildiği opamplı yükselteç devresi, iki algılayıcıdan da alınan verilere göre makiniste bilgi gönderilmesine karar verecek olan bir karşılaştırıcı (VE kapısı), sinyallerin izlendiği dijital osiloskop ve deray algılandığında makinist uyarımında kullanılacak sesli/ışıklı uyarım sistemi (buzzer) bulunmaktadır. Demiryolu titreşimleri ve oluşan frekans aralıkları için ilgili literatür göz önüne alınarak simülasyon devresinde sinyal üreteci frekansı 1,5KHz ve genliği ise 5v üçgen dalga DC şeklinde ayarlanmıştır. Eşik değer olarak 2.5v seçilmiştir. Buna göre karşılaştırıcı çıkışındaki değer, her iki algılayıcıdan da bilgi alındığı anda aktif olmuştur. Simülasyona göre deray 300 ms sürmüş ve 1/3 saniye gibi kısa bir sürede tespit edilerek çıkış birimleri aktif edilmiştir. Simülasyon sonuçlarına göre önerilen kavramsal modelin gerçek hayatta başarılı bir şekilde kullanılabileceği ve böylece deray kaynaklı tren kazalarının önüne geçebileceği öngörülmüştür. Bunun neticesi olarak da ölümlü / yaralanmalı / maddi kayıplı kazaları engellenerek ülkemize tren ile güven ile ulaşım konusunda yeni bir literatür kazandırılacağına inanılmaktadır.
Virtual Learning for Trainee Teachers in the Institute of Teacher Education Technical Education Campus during Movement Control Order (MCO): A Survey
Authors:   Institut Pendidikan Guru Kampus Pendidikan Teknik, A.K. Romy,
Published: March 2021

This study aims to identify the level of knowledge, attitude and readiness of students of the Institute of Teacher Education, Technical Education Campus (IPGKPT) on virtual learning. Correspondingly, a study was administered to a sample of 988 trainee teachers. Likert-based questionnaires which was distributed through google forms were utilized as the instrument in this descriptive study. Findings revealed that the level of knowledge is at a high degree with an average mean value of 3.02 (sd = 0.78), while the level of attitude of trainee teachers towards virtual learning is at a moderate degree with an average mean value of 2.94 (sp = 0.88) and likewise the level of readiness of the trainee teachers is high with an average mean value of 3.32 (sp = 0.78). Based on the questionnaire conducted online and the findings of the study from the respondents it was found that virtual learning entails positive implications but some improvements are required in order to increase the quality of virtual learning in IPGKPT.
Andrología mediada por las nuevas tecnologías
Authors:   Universidad del Trabajo de Uruguay, Borba Franco Domingo Walter , Odriozala Barrera Fernando ,   Universidad del Trabajo de Uruguay
Published: March 2021

La presente investigación cuantitativa se centra en un estudio de casos, el cual pretende desprender conclusiones y reflexiones sobre el uso de las nuevas tecnologías en estudiantes adultos pertenecientes al sistema educativo formal. El mismo fue realizado en una localidad en contexto de vulnerabilidad social en la República Oriental del Uruguay, proponiendo dos objetivos; el primero fue medir el uso de las nuevas tecnologías en contexto de vulnerabilidad social en la educación formal en adultos; y el segundo fue conocer la relación entre el uso de las herramientas digitales educativas y herramientas digitales de uso recreativo/social en contexto de vulnerabilidad social en adultos. De esta manera, la presente investigación realiza un aporte significativo a un campo poco explorado, el de la andragogía y el uso de las nuevas tecnologías. Finalmente, se concluye que las nuevas tecnologías en estos contextos son utilizadas para el aprendizaje, logrando potenciar procesos relacionados a este. Asimismo, esta población usa con una frecuencia muy similar las nuevas tecnologías para aprender que como entretenimiento. A modo de reflexión se puede afirmar que las nuevas tecnologías son fundamentales para el desarrollo de la andragogía.
Estrategias de estimulación cognitiva
Authors:   Centro de Investigación para la Promoción del Desarrollo Endógeno (CIPDE UNERMB), Argüello Montilla William Alberto
Published: March 2021

Las estrategias de estimulación cognitivas permiten la transformación de la información en conocimiento a través de una serie de relaciones cognitivas interiorizadas por los estudiantes, con el objeto de organizar la información, a partir de ella, hacer inferencias, establecer nuevas relaciones con los conocimientos, existentes en el educando. El objetivo general de este estudio estuvo dirigido a determinar la efectividad del uso de las estrategias de estimulación cognitiva para los estudiantes cursantes de la Asignatura Matemática I del Proyecto Gerencia Industrial Programa Administración de la Universidad Nacional Experimental Rafael María Baralt. El estudio se enmarcó en el tipo de investigación documental con un diseño de investigación no experimental, transeccional de campo. El tipo de muestreo fue censal quedando conformada la muestra por 50 estudiantes, la recolección de datos se obtuvo a través de un cuestionario estructurado contentivo de 24 ítems. La confiabilidad se obtuvo a través del método Alfa de Cronbach dando como resultado un rtt de ,677. Se concluyó que los participantes utilizan las estrategias de estimulación orientadas a incentivar el aprendizaje cognitivo a través de la observación y el aprendizaje significativo.
Inclusión laboral de comunidades vulnerables al sector empresarial ante las perspectivas del mercado de trabajo en Sincelejo
Authors:   Corporación Universitaria Antonio José de Sucre, Hernández Emily Lugo , Hernández Meza Yuraima ,   Corporación Universitaria del Caribe, Pérez Peralta Claudia ,   Corporación Universitaria del Caribe
Published: March 2021

Las realidades que caracterizan la complejidad de la sociedad actual son determinantes en las tendencias de “hacia dónde vamos”, muchas veces sin una aproximación axiológica para la comprensión de fenómenos propios de las regiones y, en consecuencia, sin una lectura cierta ajustada a las situaciones presentes. Una de estas realidades, es la difícil situación que se genera por la falta de acceso al empleo y a la generación de ingresos en comunidades vulnerables, que por lo general son pobres en sentido material, con escaso nivel de formación y sin mayores vínculos o redes de apoyo social. El presente artículo tuvo como objetivo describir la brecha existente entre la perspectiva de mercado de trabajo en el municipio de Sincelejo, Sucre y el perfil sociolaboral de la comunidad de altos de la Sabana. El estudio fue cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo, no experimental, de corte transversal desarrollado por el grupo de investigación GIAEC de la corporación Universitaria Antonio José de Sucre. La recolección de información se hizo a través de dos instrumentos uno para empresas y otro para el hogar de las familias vulnerables; los datos recopilados fueron analizados en el software estadístico SPSS-V23. Los resultados arrojados por la investigación mostraron que las condiciones socioeconómicas de las comunidades vulnerables generan una brecha social y laboral de sus participantes en el mercado laboral, al no poseer los conocimientos, actitudes y capacidades necesarias para laboral en los sectores productivos, aunque por parte de los empresarios exista un interés en ayudar a estas personas, sus políticas laborales presentan un distanciamiento de esta realidad, lo que lleva a esta investigación a considerar necesario por un lado la capacitación y formación formal de la comunidad y por otro lado a revisar las políticas de inclusión laboral empresarial para que sean accesibles a estos grupos poblacionales.
Geothermal Study of a Tailings Deposit: Frost Line Modelling and Comparison to Field Data
Authors: Knutsson Roger , Tuomela Anne , Rauhala Anssi , Knutsson Sven , Laue Jan
Published: March 2021

Seasonal freezing and thawing can have significant effects on tailings management. Tailings delivery, depositional schemes and water treatment are examples of activities that must be dealt with extra concern in sub-zero temperatures. Changes in mechanical properties, drainage possibilities or embedded frozen tailings layers are effects that can arise in poorly managed facilities. To avoid such consequences, a good understanding of the seasonal effects on the tailings deposit is needed. To get a better understanding of the geothermal regime in tailings, this paper presents a case study with geothermal modelling performed for the Laiva tailings facility in Finland, where major seasonal freezing and thawing periods are present. Ground temperatures and frost lines were predicted via one-dimensional modelling using air temperatures and snow cover depths from adjacent weather stations, and basic soil properties from the facility. Simulated results were compared to data obtained from thermal instruments in the field. The snow cover and its estimated thermal properties were shown to have large influence on the results. The model was able to accurately predict the thermal regime measured in the field. Strong agreement was shown, both in terms of ground temperatures and frost front positions. The methodology presented is useful for tailings management schemes in cold regions.

Keywords: Geothermal Monitoring, Geothermal Modelling, Tailings, Soil Temperature, Frost Tubes, Snow Cover.
Higher Education in Portuguese Speaking African Countries
Authors: Langa Patrício Vitorino
Published: March 2021

This publication is the result of a baseline study of the state of the higher education systems in the five Portuguese speaking countries in Africa (PALOP): Angola, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique and Sao Tome and Principe. The project was undertaken by an African international expert in the field of higher education studies and was fully sponsored and supported by the Association for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA). The report offers a historical overview of the development of higher education in PALOP from colonial times to the present. The main objective of this baseline study is to map the landscape and dynamics of change in the higher education systems of PALOP countries. It focuses on describing the latest developments of trends of expansion, financing, governance and policy reforms closely linked to the development of higher education systems in these countries. Furthermore, the study will facilitate an informed debate and the dissemination of knowledge on the role of higher education for development in Africa.
Leadership and Management: Case Studies in Training in Higher Education in Africa
Authors: Mouton Johann , Wildschut Lauren
Published: March 2021

There has been a resurgence of interest in training programmes for higher education leaders and management (HELM) at African universities in recent times. Although there have been a few cases of evaluation studies of such programmes in Africa, a more systematic review of the lessons learnt through these programmes has not been done.

This book aims to document and reflect on the learnings from intervention programmes at three African higher education councils. It is clear that university leaders face many leadership and management challenges. This is the starting point of the book. More specific questions that are addressed include:

The book commences with an introduction that sets the historical context for this initiative. The remainder of the book is divided into three main parts:
The effect of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors on cognitive aging
Authors: Germán-Salló Márta , Szabó Mónika , Preg Zoltán , Nemes-Nagy Enikő , Bálint-Szentendrey Dalma , Pál Tünde
Published: March 2021

Dementia represents a major health problem in elderly people. Several lifestyle-related and cardiovascular risk factors contribute to cognitive dysfunction, some of them can be counteracted, thus reducing the prevalence of dementia. Hypertension causes brain damage inducing micro and macrovascular modifications, which can develop silently. Diabetes mellitus represents a major risk factor for cognitive decline due to hyperglycaemia, insulin resistance and chronic inflammation. Smoking increases the risk of dementia inducing vascular modifications and neurotoxicity. Midlife obesity is another risk factor for dementia, being associated with brain atrophy and having influence on other cardiovascular risk factors. Hypercholesterolemia, especially increased LDL-cholesterol might contribute to the development of dementia, but the results are controversial. Physical exercise has a protective effect on neuro-degenerative processes, especially the combination of aerobic and resistance exercise seems to have the best impact on cognitive function. These risk factors represent targets for intervention in preventing cognitive dysfunction, and screening can be helpful in the early diagnosis of this disease.
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing in cardiovascular rehabilitation of post-myocardial infarction patients
Authors: Roca Mihai , Mitu Magda , Gavril Radu-Sebastian , Leon Constantin Maria-Magdalena , Roca Iulia-Cristina , Mitu Florin
Published: March 2021

Cardiovascular rehabilitation represents a very important measure in post myocardial infarction patients for both, improving their quality of life and preventing other acute cardiovascular events. It is important to accurately assess functional capacity of patients after acute coronary events, in order to optimize the results of cardiac rehabilitation program. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) represents the gold standard in functional capacity assessment. We present 3 clinical cases of post STEMI patients, with coronary revascularization interventions, addressed to cardiovascular rehabilitation. They underwent CPET evaluation at baseline and during rehabilitation program. This method proved important utility for individualization of cardiovascular rehabilitation program, as well as for monitoring the long term evolution after myocardial infarction.
Particularities of arrhythmias and obesity in heart failure
Authors: Dadarlat-Pop Alexandra , Pop Dana , Buzoianu Anca
Published: March 2021

Chronic heart failure and obesity are two conditions which despite all the advances made in the recent years, still represent two of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Moreover, a well-known fact is that the risk of sudden cardiac death, mostly related to malignant arrhythmias is higher in apparently healthy obese individuals in comparison with lean subjects. On the other hand, obese heart failure patients bring unique challenges in the diagnosis of heart failure, having a better prognosis than their normal or underweight counterparts. Taking into account the above-mentioned existing data, there are questions regarding whether cardiac arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation or ventricular arrhythmias in this population have certain evolutive particularities. This paper describes various mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmias found in obese heart failure patients, such as myocardial architectural changes, neurohormonal and paracrine modifications.
Cardiac resynchronization therapy in a child with tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Rosianu Horia Stefan , Mada Razvan Olimpiu , Oprita Simona , Stef Adrian , Chira Manuel , Trifan Catalin Aurelian
Published: March 2021

Cardiac resynchronization therapy is a common option in adult patients with heart failure and conduction abnormalities. Specific selection criteria for pediatric population are lacking. We report the case of a 14-year-old boy with signifi cant pulmonary regurgitation subsequent to corrected tetralogy of Fallot and single chamber permanent pacing which presented with heart failure symptoms. Careful management was planned by a Heart Team including pediatric cardiologist, cardiac surgeon, interventional cardiologist and anesthesiologist. After undergoing cardiac surgery with complete correction of the pulmonary regurgitation and upgrade to a triple chamber pacing, the patient was discharged in good clinical status.
Implementing the United States’ Domestic and International Climate Mitigation Goals
Authors: Parry Ian
Published: March 2021

The United States has pledged to become carbon neutral by 2050, meet sectoral objectives (e.g., for carbon free power, electric vehicles) and encourage greater mitigation among large emitting countries and of international transportation emissions. Fiscal policies at the national, sectoral, and international level could play a critical role in implementing these objectives, along with investment, regulatory, and technology policies. Fiscal instruments are cost-effective, can enhance political acceptability, and do not worsen, or could help alleviate, budgetary pressures. Domestically, a fiscal policy package could contain a mix of economy-wide carbon pricing and revenue-neutral feebates (i.e., tax-subsidy schemes) with the latter reinforcing mitigation in the transport, power, industrial, building, forestry, and agricultural sectors. Internationally, a carbon price floor among large emitters (with flexibility to implement equivalent measures) could effectively scale up global mitigation, while levies/feebates offer a practical approach for reducing maritime and aviation emissions.
Gender Equality and Inclusive Growth
Authors: Fernández Raquel , Isakova Asel , Luna Francesco , Rambousek Barbara
Published: March 2021

This paper considers various dimensions and sources of gender inequality and presents policies and best practices to address these. With women accounting for fifty percent of the global population, inclusive growth can only be achieved if it promotes gender equality. Despite recent progress, gender gaps remain across all stages of life, including before birth, and negatively impact health, education, and economic outcomes for women. The roadmap to gender equality has to rely on legal framework reforms, policies to promote equal access, and efforts to tackle entrenched social norms. These need to be set in the context of arising new trends such as digitalization, climate change, as well as shocks such as pandemics.
Antibactrial Activity of Asteriscus graveolens Methanolic Extract: Synergistic Effect with Fungal Mediated Nanoparticles against Some Enteric Bacterial Human Pathogens
Authors: ALrawashdeh Ibtihal , Qaralleh Haitham , Al-limoun Muhamad , Khleifat Khaled
Published: March 2021

Antibactrial activity of Asteriscus graveolens methanolic extract and its synergy effect with fungal mediated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against some enteric bacterial human pathogen was conducted. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized by the fungal strain namely Tritirachium oryzae W5H as reported early. In this study, MICs of AgNPs against E. aerogenes, Salmonella sp., E. coli and C. albicans in order were 2.13, 19.15, 0.08 and 6.38 µg/mL, respectively, while the MICs of A. graveolens ethanolic extract against the same bacteria were 4, 366, <3300 and 40 µg/mL, respectively. The MIC values at concentration less than 19.15 and 40 µg/ml indicating the potent bacteriostatic effect of AgNPs and A. graveolens ethanolic extract. Increasing in IFA was reported when Nitrofurantion and Trimethoprim were combined with Etoh extract with maximum increase in IFA by 6 and 12 folds for, respectively. Also, 10 folds increasing in IFA was reported when trimethoprim was combined with AgNPs: Etoh extract. But, there were no synergistic effect between the antifungal agents (Caspofungin and Micafungin) combined with AgNPs and or A. graveolens ethanolic extract against C. albicans. The potent synergistic effect of A. graveolens ethanolic extract and/or NPs with the conventional antibiotics is novel in inhibiting antibiotics resistant bacteria. In this study, remarkable increasing in the antibacterial activity, when the most resistant antibiotics combined with A. graveolens ethanolic extract and/or NPs was reported.
Epidemiology of senile spinal diseases: a study based on the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service database
Authors: Noh Sung Hyun
Published: March 2021

According to the Statistics Korea in 2020, the elderly population aged 65 or older accounted for 15.7% of the total population, and by 2025 it will reach 20.3%, which will enter the super-aged society. In an aging society, many degenerative diseases occur with age. In particular, the spine is a structure that acts as a pillar of our body, and as we age, degenerative changes come. Representative senile spinal diseases include disc disease, spinal stenosis, spinal spondylolisthesis, scoliosis, kyphosis, and flat back syndrome. This study intends to examine the epidemiologic characteristics and trends of senile spinal diseases using Korean Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service database from 2010 to 2019. All of the senile spinal diseases have gradually increased in the number of patients and cost over the last 10 years. In addition, the proportion of those aged 60 and over increased among those diagnosed. And fusion surgery and discectomy also increased in the last 10 years, and the treatment cost and ratio of over 60 years old increased. Korea has already become an aging society. So, in the future, senile diseases will increase further, and among them, senile spinal diseases will steadily increase. As a result, the frequency and cost of surgery will continue to increase. Efforts are needed to understand this trend and to prevent senile spinal diseases. For example, regular exercise, proper posture and habits, adequate nutrition, and efforts such as quitting smoking should be required. When these efforts are made, more healthy old life will be achieved.
Surgical treatment of senile spinal diseases
Authors: Ryu Dal-Sung , Yoon Seung-Hwan
Published: March 2021

Advanced age is a well-known risk factor for spinal surgery-related complications. Decisions on spine surgery in the elderly are difficult due to higher morbidity and mortality than in younger age groups. In addition, spine surgery is a kind of ‘functional surgery’ which does not directly affect the survival of patients. In recent years, individualized risk stratification has gained ground over simple chronological age-based assessment. In the elderly, frailty is one of the strongest factors which affect surgical outcomes for both cervical and thoracolumbar spine surgery, regardless of the surgical technique used. Spine surgery in the elderly have worse surgical outcomes in terms of duration of hospital stay, degree of functional recovery, and complication, readmission, and mortality rates. However, the benefit of spine surgery even in the very-elderly is substantial. In conclusion, surgical decisions should be made based on both personalized risk assessment and benefits of surgery. Recent advanced surgical techniques such as minimally invasive surgical techniques and robotics assistance are likely to be helpful in minimizing surgical complications. Therefore, advanced age in itself should not be considered as a contraindication for spine surgery.
Evidence-based treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture
Authors: Lee Subum , Cho Dae-Chul , Kim Kyong-Tae , Lee Young-Seok
Published: March 2021

The prevalence and medical costs of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) are on the rise. However, a concrete evidence-based treatment guideline has not yet been established. Despite that numerous randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were performed, the study design and outcome measurement were heterogeneous, and the results were not unified. The purpose of this review is to compare the results of high level-evidence studies to provide a background for evidence-based OVCF treatment. Many reports showed that vertebroplasty has better clinical outcomes than non-surgical treatment for OVCF, but the results of three double-blinded RCTs with the highest level of evidence did not show a significant difference between vertebroplasty and sham procedure. Whether undergoing surgical or non-surgical treatment, OVCF patient management should be started by managing osteoporosis first. Meanwhile, in the results of RCTs related to the comparison of conservative treatment modalities, the benefit of braces and a specific analgesic prescription protocol was also unclear. The presented results of each clinical trial were generally inconsistent and may not be appropriate in all situations. Any decision by clinicians to apply this evidence must be made considering individual patients and available resources. At present, controversy remains about the best treatment modality for OVCF. Large, multicenter, placebo/sham-controlled trials are needed to address this gap and establish strong evidence-based guidelines.