bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of Russian volunteers in the collapse of the international legion in the South African War
Authors: Gorelik Boris
Published: November 2021

The establishment of an international legion by General Georges de Villebois-Mareuil in March 1900 was the most ambitious attempt to coordinate the activities of foreign volunteer units within a single formation during the South African War. On the generalâ€™s death (5 April 1900), De Villeboisâ€™s Russian deputy and successor, Lieutenant Colonel Yevgeny Maximov, lost control of the legion. As a hierarchical formation, it survived De Villebois by only two weeks. Given Maximovâ€™s ample experience in conventional and unconventional warfare, and the accolades that he later won from the republican political and military leadership, including the rank of general, the legionnairesâ€™ opposition to him appears to be unjustified. Accounting for the discrepancy between historiansâ€™ perceptions of Maximov and his lack of success in controlling the legion is based on a premise that legionnaires had compelling reasons to reject his authority. Maximov had come to Africa ostensibly as a journalist. He was yet to earn the respect of his subordinates because he had not seen action in the South African War. In subsequent weeks, having resigned from his post in the legion, he distinguished himself in the engagement at Tobaberg as the leader of the Dutch corps. By then, Maximov had the â€˜moral authorityâ€™ to command an international unit, but his poor health prevented him from carrying on fighting. Unlike De Villebois, who was supported by like-minded French lieutenants, Maximov could not rely on his compatriots. Instead of endorsing his claim to leadership, the Russian corps refused to join the legion while he was in charge, and intentionally discredited him. In the power vacuum after De Villeboisâ€™s death, the legion collapsed, and a chance to transform the emerging alliance of foreign volunteer units into a formidable force was missed.
Personalized Pain Medicine: Turning Theory into Policy
Authors: Ramezani Fatemeh , Riazi Farzad Bijan , Janzadeh Atousa
Published: November 2021

: On the one hand, patients, therapists, policy-makers, business people, and health organization managers need to approach medicine from different perspectives, each perspective being appropriate for each role. On the other hand, a lack of appreciation of the perspectives of the other vested interests diminishes their effectiveness in accomplishing what their respective roles demand. In this article, we explain the main difference between these perspectives along a spectrum ranging from highly individualist to highly collectivist views of medicine. We aim to show the gap between personal (individualistic) and social (collectivist) medicine models. We then present possible ways to close this gap. We argue that these differences need to be reconciled, at least to some extent, if medicine is to evolve along with other disciplines, such as engineering, to create and implement personalized solutions to patients' pains. We conclude by proposing a framework through which patients, practitioners, health organizations, business people, and policy-makers can develop enough of a mutual understanding of each other's perspectives, problems, and solution orientations to be able to work relatively harmoniously toward the common goal of creating bespoke solutions to individuals' pains.
Assessing the Antioxidant Activity of Dexmedetomidine by Measuring the Plasma Antioxidant Enzyme Activity of Catalase, Glutathione Peroxidase, and Superoxide Dismutase During Lumbar Spine Laminectomy
Authors: Mottaghi Kamran , Nashibi Masoud , Asgari Sogol , Safari Farahd , Bahrebar Matin , Sezari Parisa
Published: November 2021

Background: Current knowledge on antioxidant properties of anesthetics is inconclusive. Nevertheless, experiments on different anesthesia-related drugs and techniques are growing. Objectives: The aim of this prospective blinded randomized study was to assess the effect of dexmedetomidine (Dex) infusion during anesthesia on oxidative stress resulting from lumbar laminectomy. Methods: The antioxidant activity of Dex compared to placebo (normal saline) was evaluated by measuring the antioxidant enzyme activity of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX). A total of 56 patients who underwent laminectomy surgery were allocated into two groups of intervention and control. Dex group received 0.6 µg.kg-1 dexmedetomidine infusion before induction of anesthesia over 15 minutes, followed by 0.4 µg.kg-1.hr-1 maintenance. Control group received the same volume and sequence of normal saline. Anesthesia protocol was similar in both groups. The antioxidant activity of the previously mentioned enzymes was measured at the beginning of the anesthesia (T1) and after surgery (T2). Propofol consumption, hemodynamic indices, shivering, bleeding volume, and pain Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) were recorded. Results: Although the serum levels of CAT and GPX increased during the procedure, these changes were not significant (P-values 0.579 and 0.762, respectively). Also, the mean SOD level did not change over time in any of the groups, and it was not meaningfully different between the groups at any of the predetermined times (P-value 0.665). Conclusions: As expected, Dex decreased propofol consumption, mean heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and pain intensity allover the perioperative period. It seems that adding Dex to anesthesia regimen during laminectomy had no dominant antioxidant effects.
Human and Alienating Work: What Sex Worker Advocates Can Teach Catholic Social Thought
Authors: Ward Kate ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: November 2021

In Catholic social thought (CST), work that is exploitative, immoral, or hopelessly monotonous can be labeled alienating: its performance makes the worker a stranger to her own, God-given human nature. CST traditionally understands sex work, which directs the human sexual faculties to ends other than the unitive and procreative, as a paradigmatic example of alienating work, and this paper will not disagree. Instead, I will show how accepting sex worker advocates’ claim that “sex work is work” reveals that while sex work is indeed alienating by CST’s standards, many forms of paid work available today are alienating in similar ways. Listening to sex worker advocates helps CST strengthen its critique of alienating work while acknowledging sex workers’ moral agency.
Effect of Sodium Fluoride Varnish and Potassium Iodide on Remineralization Efficacy of Silver Diamine Fluoride
Authors: Lee Kunho , Ahn Junyong , Kim Jong Soo , Han Miran , Lee Joonhaeng , Shin Jisun
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of sodium fluoride(NaF) varnish and potassium iodide(KI) on remineralization efficacy of silver diamine fluoride(SDF) by measuring microhardness and evaluating surface morphology by scanning electron microscope(SEM). Artificial caries lesions were induced on extracted primary molars and vickers microhardness was measured. Specimens were randomly separated into 4 groups for treatment. The specimens in group I were treated with SDF, group II with NaF varnish after SDF, group III with KI after SDF and group IV with distilled water. After 8 days of pH cycling, vickers microhardness was measured and difference before and after treatment was calculated. For SEM, 2 samples were evaluated respectively after enamel polishing, lesion formation and after pH cycling. Group III showed highest increase in microhardness. Group I showed higher increase in microhardness than Group II but without statistical difference. Group IV showed lowest increase in microhardness value among 4 groups. On SEM image, group I, II and III showed smoother and less irregular surface compared to group IV. Amorphous crystal pellicles were observed in group III. In conclusion, SDF, SDF and NaF, SDF and KI groups showed smoother surface and increase in microhardness suggesting the possibility that remineralization effect might take place in oral conditions. In addition, in limited conditions of this study, applying NaF varnish after SDF did not increase the remineralization efficacy of SDF while KI significantly increased the remineralization efficacy of SDF. However, additional study considering various conditions that might affect demineralization and remineralization in clinical situations need to be conducted.
Traumatic Bone Cyst in the Mandibular Symphysis : Case Reports
Authors: Sung Minah , Lee Nanyoung , Lee Sangho , Jih Myeongkwan
Published: December 2021

Traumatic bone cyst (TBC) is an asymptomatic lesion seen most in adolescents. TBC is found incidentally on routine panoramic examinations and appears as a relatively well-demarcated unilocular radiolucency with scalloped margins. Histological examination reveals a vacant cavity of cancellous bone usually unlined or very occasionally lined with a thin connective tissue layer. The lack of lining epithelial membrane is common histological feature. The most affected site is between the mandibular canine and third molar. The involvement of the mandibular symphysis is rare. The etiopathogenesis of the TBC is unclear. TBC is treated with surgical exploration and curettage; new bone is formed in place of the lesion within 6 - 12 months of surgery. Diagnosis of TBC prior to surgical intervention has limitations in most of the cases. Both of our patients were diagnosed through radiological examination and biopsy. Neither patient had a history of trauma. After surgery, the panoramic radiograph and CBCT were used to confirm bone healing.
Over-the-Scope Clip in the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Leaks and Perforations
Authors: Wei Mike T. , Ahn Ji Yong , Friedland Shai
Published: November 2021

While perforations, postoperative fistulas, and leaks have traditionally led to surgical or interventional radiology consultation for management, the introduction of the over-the-scope clip has allowed increased therapeutic possibilities for endoscopists. While primarily limited to case reports and series, the over-the-scope clip successfully manages gastrointestinal bleeding, perforations, as well as postoperative leaks and fistulas. Retrospective studies have demonstrated a relatively high success rate and a low complication rate. Given the similarity to variceal banding equipment, the learning curve with the over-the-scope clip is rapid. However, given the higher risk of procedures involving the use of the over-the-scope clip, it is essential to obtain the scope in a stable position and grasp sufficient tissue with the cap using a grasping tool and/or suction. From our experience, while closure may be successful in lesions sized up to 3 cm, successful outcomes are obtained for lesions sized <1 cm. Ultimately, given the limited available data, prospective randomized trials are needed to better evaluate the utility of the over-the-scope clip in various clinical scenarios, including fistula and perforation management.
Split-Flaps – a Way to Improve the Heel Stability of T-Foil Supported Craft
Authors: Prabahar N. S. S. , Persson A. , Larsson L.
Published: November 2021

Horizontal T-foils allow for maximum lift generation within a given span. However, the lift force on a T-foil acts on the symmetry plane of the hull, thereby producing no righting moment. It results in a lack of transverse stability during foil-borne sailing. In this paper, we propose a system, where the height-regulating flap on the trailing edge of the foil is split into a port and a starboard part, whose deflection angles are adjusted to shift the centre of effort of the lift force. Similar to the ailerons which help in steering aircraft, the split-flaps produce an additional righting moment for stabilizing the boat. The improved stability comes, however, at a cost of additional induced resistance.

To investigate the performance of the split-flap system a new Dynamic Velocity Prediction Program (DVPP) is developed. Since it is very important for the performance evaluation of the proposed system it is described in some detail in the paper. A complicated effect to model in the DVPP is the flow in the slot between the two flaps and the induced resistance due to the generated vorticity. Therefore, a detailed CFD investigation is carried out to validate a model for the resistance due to the slot effect.

Two applications of the split-flap system: an Automated Heel Stability System (AHSS) and a manual offset system for performance increase are studied using a DVPP for a custom-made double-handed skiff. It is shown that the AHSS system can assist the sailors while stabilizing the boat during unsteady wind conditions.

The manual offset enables the sailors to adjust the difference between the deflection angles of the two flaps while sailing, thus creating a righting moment whenever required. Such a system would be an advantage whilst sailing with a windward heel. Due to the additional righting moment from the manual offset system, the sails could be less depowered by the sailors resulting in a faster boat despite the additional induced resistance.

It is shown in the paper that the control systems for the ride height and the heel stability need to be decoupled. The paper ends with a description of a mechanical system that satisfies this requirement.
Person- and situation-specific factors in discounting science via scientific impotence excuses
Authors: Rosman Tom , Kerwer Martin , Chasiotis Anita , Wedderhoff Oliver
Published: November 2021

Munro (2010, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2010.00588.x) found that individuals, when confronted with belief-disconfirming scientific evidence, resist this information by concluding that the topic at hand is not amenable to scientific investigation—a scientific impotence excuse. We strived to replicate this finding and to extend this work by analyzing other factors that might lead to scientific impotence excuses. As a person-specific factor, we analyzed the role of epistemic beliefs, and as a situational factor, we focused on the contradictoriness of the evidence at hand. Three sets of hypotheses were preregistered. In an experimental 2 × 3 online study drawing on a general population sample of N = 901 participants, we first assessed our participants’ prior beliefs on the effects of acupuncture versus massaging (pro acupuncture vs. no opinion). One experimental group then read fictitious empirical evidence claiming superiority of acupuncture, another group read evidence speaking against acupuncture, and a third group read conflicting evidence (i.e., a mix of pro- and contra-findings). Scientific impotence excuses were measured by a newly developed questionnaire. Our first hypothesis, which suggested that participants believing in the superiority of acupuncture would make stronger scientific impotence excuses when confronted with belief-disconfirming findings, was confirmed. A second hypothesis suggested that scientific impotence excuses would be stronger when individuals were confronted with evidence exhibiting a “nature” that contradicts their topic-specific epistemic beliefs. This hypothesis was partially supported. A third hypothesis suggested that individuals confronted with conflicting evidence would make stronger scientific impotence excuses, and this was again confirmed. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Pick the smaller number: No influence of linguistic markedness on three-digit number processing
Authors: Bahnmueller Julia , Cipora Krzysztof , Göbel Silke Melanie , Nuerk Hans-Christoph , Soltanlou Mojtaba
Published: November 2021

The symbolic number comparison task has been widely used to investigate the cognitive representation and underlying processes of multi-digit number processing. The standard procedure to establish numerical distance and compatibility effects in such number comparison paradigms usually entails asking participants to indicate the larger of two presented multi-digit Arabic numbers rather than to indicate the smaller number. In terms of linguistic markedness, this procedure includes the unmarked/base form in the task instruction (i.e., large). Here we evaluate distance and compatibility effects in a three-digit number comparison task observed in Bahnmueller et al. (2015, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01216) using a marked task instruction (i.e., ‘pick the smaller number’). Moreover, we aimed at clarifying whether the markedness of task instruction influences common numerical effects and especially componential processing as indexed by compatibility effects. We instructed German- and English-speaking adults (N = 52) to indicate the smaller number in a three-digit number comparison task as opposed to indicating the larger number in Bahnmueller et al. (2015). We replicated standard effects of distance and compatibility in the new pick the smaller number experiment. Moreover, when comparing our findings to Bahnmueller et al. (2015), numerical effects did not differ significantly between the two studies as indicated by both frequentist and Bayesian analysis. Taken together our data suggest that distance and compatibility effects alongside componential processing of multi-digit numbers are rather robust against variations of linguistic markedness of task instructions.
Not all elementary school teachers are scared of math
Authors: Artemenko Christina , Masson Nicolas , Georges Carrie , Nuerk Hans-Christoph , Cipora Krzysztof
Published: November 2021

Teachers are strong role models for their pupils, especially at the beginning of education. This also holds true for math: If teachers feel anxious about math, the consequences on the mathematical education of their pupils is detrimental. Previous studies have shown that (future) elementary school teachers have higher levels of math anxiety than most people studying other subjects. Here, we set out to conceptually replicate these findings (e.g., meta-analysis by Hembree, 1990, https://doi.org/10.2307/749455) by comparing math anxiety levels of pre-service and in-service German and Belgian elementary school teachers to a reference group of German university students from various fields of study. Moreover, we questioned this finding by asking which elementary school teachers experience math anxiety, considering gender, specialization, and experience, and investigated how math anxiety relates to teaching attitudes towards math. We replicated the previous finding by showing that female elementary school teachers have a higher level of math anxiety as compared to other female students. Importantly, female elementary school teachers without math specialization indeed had higher levels of math anxiety than female students from other fields and almost a quarter of them experience critical math anxiety. In contrast, female elementary school teachers with math specialization did not show an increased level of math anxiety as compared to the reference sample. Considering that not only these but all teachers, regardless of specialization, teach math in elementary school in the investigated educational systems, the math anxiety of elementary school teachers is a potential problem for their pupils’ math attitudes and learning.
Effectiveness of a numeracy intelligent tutoring system in kindergarten: A conceptual replication
Authors: Grimes Ka Rene , Park Soyoung , McClelland Amanda , Park Jiyeon , Lee Young Ri , Nozari Maryam , Umer Zainab , Zaparolli Brenda , Bryant Diane
Published: November 2021

Intelligent Tutoring Systems are a genre of highly adaptive software providing individualized instruction. The current study was a conceptual replication of a previous randomized control trial that incorporated the intelligent tutoring system Native Numbers, a program designed for early numeracy instruction. As a conceptual replication, we kept the method of instruction, the demographics, the number of kindergarten classrooms (n = 3), and the same numeracy and intrinsic motivation screeners as the original study. We changed the time of year of instruction, changed the control group to a wait-control group, added a maintenance assessment for the first group of participants, and included a mathematical language assessment. Analysis of within- and between-group differences using repeated measures ANOVA indicated gains of numeracy were significant only after using Native Numbers (Partial Eta Square = 0.147). Results of intrinsic motivation and mathematical language were not significant. The effect size of numeracy achievement did not reach that of the original study (Partial Eta Square = 0.622). Here, we compared the two studies, discussed plausible reasons for differences in the magnitude of effect sizes, and provided suggestions for future research.
Talking about what would happen versus what happened: Tracking Congressional speeches during COVID-19
Authors: Park Rinseo , Baek Young Min
Published: December 2021

In counterfactual thinking, an imagined alternative to the reality that comprises an antecedent and a consequent is widely adopted in political discourse to justify past behaviors (i.e., counterfactual explanation) or to depict a better future (i.e., prefactual). However, they have not been properly addressed in political communication literature. Our study examines how politicians used counterfactual expressions for explanation of the past or preparation of the future during COVID-19, one of the most severe public health crises. All Congressional speeches of the Senate and House in the 116th Congress (2019-2020) were retrieved, and counterfactual expressions were identified along with time-focusing in each speech, using recent advances in natural language processing (NLP) techniques. The results show that counterfactuals were more practiced among Democrats in the Senate and Republicans in the House. With the spread of the pandemic, the use of counterfactuals decreased, maintaining a partisan gap in the House. However, it was nearly stable, with no party differences in the Senate. Implications of our findings are discussed, regarding party polarization, institutional constraints, and the quality of Congressional deliberation. Limitations and suggestions for future research are also provided.
The influence of nursing students’ perfectionism tendency and perception of instructor caring on incivility experienced by nursing students
Authors: Lee Eun Nam , Kim Na Geong
Published: December 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the influences of nursing students perfectionism tendencies and their perception of instructor caring on incivility experienced by nursing students during clinical practice.Methods: A descriptive correlational study was conducted. The participants were 244 nursing students from five universities in B city. Data were analyzed using an independent t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, Scheffé test and a stepwise regression analysis.Results: The mean score for incivility in nursing students was 2.61 out of 5 points. The explanatory power of the model for incivility was in nursing students 52.8% of the variance in training in student’s university hospital (β=-.15, p=.002), total period of clinical practice (β=.17, p<.001), confidence through caring (β=-.23, p<.001), respectful sharing (β=-.15, p=.005), supportive learning climate (β=-.15, p=.005), self-oriented perfectionism (β=.14, p=.004), and socially prescribed perfectionism (β=.18, p<.001).Conclusion: The research results suggest that instructor caring is an important factor in regard to the incivility of nursing students. Organizational efforts and institutional devices will be needed to improve the incivility in clinical environments. By communicating with students and showing them respect, clinical nurses will help nursing students cope with incivility and recognize the clinical practice education environment positively.
Development and Implementation of an Advanced Practitioner–Led Survivorship Clinic for Patients Status Post Allogeneic Transplant
Authors: K. Baer, MSN, APRN, AOCNP Linda , Brister, MSN, APRN, AOCNP Laura , R. Mazanec, PhD, RN, AOCN, FAAN Susan
Published: November 2021

Background: Survivor recovery from hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is long term, with significant physical and psychological morbidities that impact quality of life and reentry into personal and social lives. The optimal timing of when and how to deliver comprehensive HCT survivorship care is not well defined. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to design, implement, and evaluate an advanced practitioner (AP)-led pilot survivorship clinic incorporating an individual and group format for patients post HCT at the 1-year transition period. Methods: A survey assessing physical, social, emotional, and spiritual needs and concerns was mailed to a sample of patients who underwent HCT between 2009 and 2014. This phase 1 survey was utilized in the phase 2 design of an AP-led pilot survivorship clinic for patients post allogeneic HCT. A total of 15 patients were approached, out of which 7 enrolled over a 12-month period in the pilot survivorship clinic. Results: The needs assessment survey noted the most prevalent moderate to high concerns were in the emotional domain, with 52% of respondents identifying fear of cancer returning and new cancer developing. The pilot survivorship clinic incorporating a group visit format with multiple sessions was not feasible for both patients and APs within the context of a small- to medium-sized HCT program. Conclusion: The needs assessment survey underscored the importance of addressing all four quality of life domains in cancer survivors. A hybrid survivorship clinic with one comprehensive group visit may be beneficial for HCT survivors at the 1-year transition for small- to medium-sized HCT programs.
Les pratiques de lecture des élèves sénégalais
Authors: Kouakou Kouassi Sylvestre
Published: November 2021

Notre étude avait pour objectif de dresser un panorama des pratiques de lecture des élèves au Sénégal. Elle s’est fondée sur une enquête par questionnaire menée auprès de 216 élèves. Elle a abouti à la conclusion que les élèves lisent ! Bien évidemment cette pratique est « imposée » par le cadre scolaire, mais aussi, elle est guidée par envie personnelle et pour le loisir. Ils lisent en moyenne entre 4 heures et 6 heures par semaine. Ils lisent le plus souvent des romans, des bandes dessinées, des magazines. Ils lisent avant tout pour s’occuper, et aussi pour s’évader, rêver, pour s’informer et se cultiver. L’environnement familial joue un rôle important dans le développement du goût de la lecture chez les adolescents. En effet, les élèves qui se perçoivent comme de grands lecteurs sont ceux dont les parents lisent beaucoup et qui disposent de livres en nombre relativement important à la maison. En général, les parents sont d’un niveau d’études post-secondaire et appartiennent à la catégorie sociale favorisée. Si le rôle de la bibliothèque scolaire dans la pratique de lecture des élèves a été quelque peu mis en évidence, celui du bibliothécaire n’a pas été clairement établi.
Projet Biblius : déployer le prêt de livres numériques dans les bibliothèques scolaires québécoises
Authors: Lusignan Nancy
Published: November 2021

Depuis quelques années, on observe une hausse exponentielle des besoins pour l’accès aux oeuvres numériques dans le milieu scolaire québécois. Grâce à une initiative du ministère de l’Éducation du Québec, une plateforme de prêt numérique a été développée spécifiquement pour les bibliothèques scolaires québécoises : Biblius. On s’intéressera d’abord à la genèse du projet en définissant les besoins et enjeux soulevés par le milieu scolaire avant le déploiement de cette plateforme. On expliquera ensuite le fonctionnement de la plateforme et les différents volets du projet, ainsi que les solutions novatrices qui ont été proposées face aux problèmes rencontrés. Puis, les conclusions du déploiement restreint, réalisé au cours de l’année scolaire 2020-2021, seront présentées via les résultats de sondages et de consultations réalisés auprès des élèves, des enseignants participants et du personnel documentaire. Enfin, on amorcera une réflexion sur les défis que devront relever les bibliothèques scolaires québécoises, mais également l’ensemble des partenaires impliqués dans le déploiement de ce nouveau volet de la bibliothèque scolaire québécoise.
TURISMO Y ORDENACIÓN DEL LITORAL. ANÁLISIS COMPARATIVO DE LAS PROPUESTAS DE ORDENACIÓN DE LA COSTA ESPAÑOLA EN RELACIÓN AL TURISMO
Authors: Díaz Ameneiro Purificación
Published: November 2021

El presente artículo hace un análisis comparativo de las propuestas de ordenación de la costa aprobadas y vigentes en cada una de las comunidades autónomas litorales. Se trata con ello de ver como se está entendiendo la ordenación de este espacio tan sensible y amenazado, que constituye el lugar de desarrollo preferido de las actividades turísticas masivas, y como esta actividad aparece considerada y tratada, o no, en cada uno de los casos.
ANÁLISIS DE LA EVOLUCIÓN URBANA Y LA PELIGROSIDAD DE INUNDACIÓN EN EL TÉRMINO MUNICIPAL DE CASTELLÓ
Authors: Climent Mata Ruben , Segura Beltrán Francesca
Published: November 2021

Los procesos de inundación son un fenómeno natural muy presente en las llanuras costeras valencianas, dado que en su mayoría han sido formadas por los ríos. Al pie de los relieves, los cursos fluviales han depositado abanicos aluviales, llanos de inundación y deltas, que han ido creciendo por sucesivas inundaciones. Estos espacios inundables, durante las últimas décadas, se han visto afectadas por una fuerte acción antrópica, que ha alterado los procesos naturales de inundación. En particular, la urbanización descontrolada en zonas inundables, ha aumentado la exposición y la vulnerabilidad y, por ende, el riesgo de inundación. La ciudad de Castelló ha sufrido un incremento de suelo urbano desde 1956 hasta día de hoy, provocando que muchas zonas urbanas se asienten en zonas inundables. Para analizar la peligrosidad de inundación se ha realizado un estudio diacrónico de la evolución urbana de Castelló y su término municipal.  A los mapas resultantes se le han superpuesto las dos cartografías oficiales de peligro de inundación: el Plan de Acción Territorial sobre Prevención del Riesgo de Inundación en la Comunidad Valenciana (PATRICOVA) y el Sistema Nacional de Cartografía de Zonas Inundables (SNCZI). Los resultados indican que, desde los años 50, ha ido incrementando la superficie afectada por peligro de inundación –especialmente la asociada a periodos de retorno elevados--, aplicando los dos sistemas de cartografía, especialmente con el PATRICOVA. La zona que experimenta un mayor incremento es la Marjaleria, donde se ha producido un aumento de la urbanización ilegal. Sin embargo, este incremento se frena considerablemente a partir del año 2003, cuando se publica el PATRICOVA, que se ha mostrado como una herramienta eficaz para minimizar el riesgo de inundación.
TEXTO INTRODUCTORIO ARTÍCULOS JORNADAS TOURISCAPE “TURISMO Y ORDENACIÓN DEL LITORAL”
Authors: Ferrandis Martínez Adrián
Published: November 2021

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TURISMO Y ORDENACIÓN DEL LITORAL: PRESENTACIÓN Y BALANCE DE TRES CASOS CONCLUSIONES MESA REDONDA
Authors: Vilanova i Claret Josep M.
Published: November 2021

La ordenación del litoral en zonas turísticas tiene dimensiones y escalas diversas que se han venido abordando, con mayor o menor fortuna, desde la planificación territorial hasta el urbanismo municipal, y en pocos casos, supramunicipal. Por otra parte, las condiciones singulares del medio litoral plantean escenarios de crisis frente al cambio climático, sin que se activen los protocolos necesarios para abordar la excepcionalidad y las urgencias a la que nos enfrentamos. Se defiende en esta intervención que las herramientas urbanísticas son realmente las determinantes porque inciden decisivamente en tres aspectos sustantivos del suelo: dominio, uso y plusvalía, en un contexto generalizado de propiedad privada, alto dinamismo de los usos y prácticas especulativas intensas. Seguimos en el albor de la tercera década del siglo xxi con los conceptos y herramientas creados a mediados del siglo xx en pleno franquismo (Ley de 1956) y hemos visto y vivido como el ciclo de burbuja inmobiliaria —crisis económica y social ha desnudado y mostrado su obsolescencia, y aparecen como inservibles para hacer frente a los retos actuales. Desde la plataforma de los arquitectos urbanistas se formuló hace dos años una propuesta de regeneración/ renovación del urbanismo en España (“Ante el agotamiento de un modelo, por un urbanismo responsable”, UAAU-CSCAE) donde se plantean unas bases completamente diferentes, tanto sobre la prevalencia de los derechos humanos frente a otros derechos en confrontación, la atribución pública de las plusvalías generadas por el planeamiento urbanístico y la generación de nuevas formas de planificación, gestión y control del espacio urbano y territorial más ágiles y dinámicas, más ajustadas a las necesidades y posibilidades de la gobernanza de la ciudad y del paisaje
Disentangling bias between Gq, GRK2, and arrestin3 recruitment to the M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor
Authors: Flöser Anja , Becker Katharina , Kostenis Evi , König Gabriele , Krasel Cornelius , Kolb Peter , Bünemann Moritz
Published: December 2021

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) transmit extracellular signals to the inside by activation of intracellular effector proteins. Different agonists can promote differential receptor-induced signaling responses – termed bias – potentially by eliciting different levels of recruitment of effector proteins. As activation and recruitment of effector proteins might influence each other, thorough analysis of bias is difficult. Here, we compared the efficacy of seven agonists to induce G protein, G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2), as well as arrestin3 binding to the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 by utilizing FRET-based assays. In order to avoid interference between these interactions, we studied GRK2 binding in the presence of inhibitors of Gi and Gq proteins and analyzed arrestin3 binding to prestimulated M3 receptors to avoid differences in receptor phosphorylation influencing arrestin recruitment. We measured substantial differences in the agonist efficacies to induce M3R-arrestin3 versus M3R-GRK2 interaction. However, the rank order of the agonists for G protein- and GRK2-M3R interaction was the same, suggesting that G protein and GRK2 binding to M3R requires similar receptor conformations, whereas requirements for arrestin3 binding to M3R are distinct.
TCR meta-clonotypes for biomarker discovery with tcrdist3 enabled identification of public, HLA-restricted clusters of SARS-CoV-2 TCRs
Authors: Mayer-Blackwell Koshlan , Schattgen Stefan , Cohen-Lavi Liel , Crawford Jeremy C , Souquette Aisha , Gaevert Jessica A , Hertz Tomer , Thomas Paul G , Bradley Philip , Fiore-Gartland Andrew
Published: November 2021

T-cell receptors (TCRs) encode clinically valuable information that reflects prior antigen exposure and potential future response. However, despite advances in deep repertoire sequencing, enormous TCR diversity complicates the use of TCR clonotypes as clinical biomarkers. We propose a new framework that leverages experimentally inferred antigen-associated TCRs to form meta-clonotypes – groups of biochemically similar TCRs – that can be used to robustly quantify functionally similar TCRs in bulk repertoires across individuals. We apply the framework to TCR data from COVID-19 patients, generating 1831 public TCR meta-clonotypes from the SARS-CoV-2 antigen-associated TCRs that have strong evidence of restriction to patients with a specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotype. Applied to independent cohorts, meta-clonotypes targeting these specific epitopes were more frequently detected in bulk repertoires compared to exact amino acid matches, and 59.7% (1093/1831) were more abundant among COVID-19 patients that expressed the putative restricting HLA allele (false discovery rate [FDR]<0.01), demonstrating the potential utility of meta-clonotypes as antigen-specific features for biomarker development. To enable further applications, we developed an open-source software package, tcrdist3, that implements this framework and facilitates flexible workflows for distance-based TCR repertoire analysis.
Cyclin F drives proliferation through SCF-dependent degradation of the retinoblastoma-like tumor suppressor p130/RBL2
Authors: Enrico Taylor P , Stallaert Wayne , Wick Elizaveta T , Ngoi Peter , Wang Xianxi , Rubin Seth M , Brown Nicholas G , Purvis Jeremy E , Emanuele Michael J
Published: December 2021

Cell cycle gene expression programs fuel proliferation and are universally dysregulated in cancer. The retinoblastoma (RB)-family of proteins, RB1, RBL1/p107, and RBL2/p130, coordinately represses cell cycle gene expression, inhibiting proliferation, and suppressing tumorigenesis. Phosphorylation of RB-family proteins by cyclin-dependent kinases is firmly established. Like phosphorylation, ubiquitination is essential to cell cycle control, and numerous proliferative regulators, tumor suppressors, and oncoproteins are ubiquitinated. However, little is known about the role of ubiquitin signaling in controlling RB-family proteins. A systems genetics analysis of CRISPR/Cas9 screens suggested the potential regulation of the RB-network by cyclin F, a substrate recognition receptor for the SCF family of E3 ligases. We demonstrate that RBL2/p130 is a direct substrate of SCFcyclin F. We map a cyclin F regulatory site to a flexible linker in the p130 pocket domain, and show that this site mediates binding, stability, and ubiquitination. Expression of a mutant version of p130, which cannot be ubiquitinated, severely impaired proliferative capacity and cell cycle progression. Consistently, we observed reduced expression of cell cycle gene transcripts, as well a reduced abundance of cell cycle proteins, analyzed by quantitative, iterative immunofluorescent imaging. These data suggest a key role for SCFcyclin Fin the CDK-RB network and raise the possibility that aberrant p130 degradation could dysregulate the cell cycle in human cancers.
Fiktionalitet i F.C. Eilschovs Forsøg til en Fruentimmer-Philosophie
Authors: Pold Valdemar Nielsen
Published: November 2021

This article investigates how and why the Danish philosopher Frederik Christian Eilschov in Forsøg til en Fruentimmer-Philosophie as one of the first scientists in Denmark uses fictionality as a rhetorical strategy to communicate science. I argue that Eilschov uses both global and local fictionality to transfer scientific content from a male, Latin and scientific public to a female, Danish and literary public by mimicking rhetorical strategies prevalent in the female public. The reason for his changing rhetoric is that it among other things allows the readers to identify with a woman philosopher and presents a certain knowledge praxis and culture. In addition, Eilschov also thinks women have greater imagination and therefore are conditioned to other rhetorical strategies than men. Though Eilschov has been acknowledged as one of the more influential rationalists in Denmark during the 18thcentury as well as an important language puritan his role as one of the first scientists in Denmark that introduces fictionality as a rhetorical strategy to communicate science has been underemphasized. This article aims to change that.
Challenging Hegemonic Gender Norms in Emma Donoghue’s “The Tale of the Rose” and Disney’s Beauty and the Beast
Authors:   Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, India, Banerjee Priyanka , Singh Rajni ,   Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, India
Published: November 2021

While heteronormativity remained at the core of the classic fairy tale, a queer subtext existed in the form of subtle symbolic codes. By reflecting the changing socio- cultural discourses about sexuality and gender in time, the representation of queer sexuality in fairy tales has also developed. This paper attempts a queer reading of the revisioning of Madame Beaumont’s “Beauty and the Beast” in Emma Donoghue’s “The Tale of the Rose” and the 2017 Disney version. This paper demonstrates how Emma Donoghue’s adaptation deconstructs the heteronormativity of Beaumont’s tale by dismantling the binaries of Beauty/Beast and man/woman and represents queer sexuality and desire through multi-layered language. This paper also examines how in the Disney version the story takes a new dimension in close proximity to twenty-first century media culture and lends itself to queer interpretation.
Rumours in a Situation of Political Conflict: Catalonia and Its Referendum of Self-Determination
Authors:   Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain, Samper Emili , Oriol Carme ,   Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain
Published: November 2021

Catalonia is in a situation of political conflict with the Spanish State regarding its right to self-determination, a conflict that has been exacerbated in recent years by the growing demand from a part of Catalan society for an independent state. Throughout this situation rumours have appeared in relation to events as they unfold. One of the key moments in the conflict was the referendum on self-determination, which was approved, prepared, and held on 1 October 2017, in the face of continuous opposition from the Spanish State. The tensions, uncertainties, and fears experienced by those in favour of the referendum were fuelled by rumours that in many cases were ultimately proven to be false. The present paper will analyse the rumours that emerged in relation to the referendum and the political atmosphere at that time. The study will analyse the rumours relating to aspects such as the logistics required to hold the referendum, the key figures in the process, the organizations that support it and the actions of the media, among others.
First characterization of the probiotic potential of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Costa Rican pineapple silages
Authors: Wen Fang Wu Wu Jannette , Redondo-Solano Mauricio , Uribe Lidieth , WingChing-Jones Rodolfo , Usaga Jessie , Barboza Natalia
Published: November 2021

Background

Agro-industrial waste from tropical environments could be an important source of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with probiotic potential.

Methods

Twelve LAB isolates were isolated from pineapple silages. The species identification was carried out considering 16S rRNA and pheS genes. Experiments to evaluate the probiotic potential of the isolates included survival under simulated gastrointestinal environment, in vitro antagonistic activity (against Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes), auto-aggregation assays, antibiotic susceptibility, presence of plasmids, adhesiveness to epithelial cells, and antagonistic activity against Salmonella in HeLa cells.

Results

Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, Lentilactobacillus parafarraginis, Limosilactobacillus fermentum, and Weissella ghanensis were identified. Survival of one of the isolates was 90% or higher after exposure to acidic conditions (pH: 2), six isolates showed at least 61% survival after exposure to bile salts. The three most promising isolates, based on survivability tests, showed a strong antagonistic effect against Salmonella. However, only L. paracasei_6714 showed a strong Listeria inhibition pattern; this isolate showed a good auto-aggregation ability, was resistant to some of the tested antibiotics but was not found to harbor plasmids; it also showed a high capacity for adhesion to epithelial cells and prevented the invasion of Salmonella in HeLa cells. After further in vivo evaluations, L. paracasei_6714 may be considered a probiotic candidate for food industry applications and may have promising performance in acidic products due to its origin.
FEM: mining biological meaning from cell level in single-cell RNA sequencing data
Authors: Liu Yunqing , Lu Na , Bi Changwei , Han Tingyu , Zhuojun Guo , Zhu Yunchi , Li Yixin , He Chunpeng , Lu Zuhong
Published: November 2021

Background

One goal of expression data analysis is to discover the biological significance or function of genes that are differentially expressed. Gene Set Enrichment (GSE) analysis is one of the main tools for function mining that has been widely used. However, every gene expressed in a cell is valuable information for GSE for single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-SEQ) data and not should be discarded.

Methods

We developed the functional expression matrix (FEM) algorithm to utilize the information from all expressed genes. The algorithm converts the gene expression matrix (GEM) into a FEM. The FEM algorithm can provide insight on the biological significance of a single cell. It can also integrate with GEM for downstream analysis.

Results

We found that FEM performed well with cell clustering and cell-type specific function annotation in three datasets (peripheral blood mononuclear cells, human liver, and human pancreas).
Lyophilized cell-free supernatants of Lactobacillus isolates exhibited antibiofilm, antioxidant, and reduces nitric oxide activity in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells
Authors: Sornsenee Phoomjai , Chatatikun Moragot , Mitsuwan Watcharapong , Kongpol Kantapich , Kooltheat Nateelak , Sohbenalee Sasirat , Pruksaphanrat Supawita , Mudpan Amron , Romyasamit Chonticha
Published: November 2021

Background

Probiotics can release bioactive substances known as postbiotics, which can inhibit pathogenic microorganisms, improve immunomodulation, reduce antioxidant production, and modulate the gut microbiota.

Methods

In this study, we evaluated the in vitro antimicrobial effects, antioxidant activity, and anti-inflammatory potential of 10 lyophilized cell-free supernatants (LCFS) of Lactobacillus isolates. LCFS was obtained via centrifugation and subsequent lyophilization of the supernatant collected from the culture medium ofeach isolate. The antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of the LCFS were determined using broth microdilution. The antioxidant potential was evaluated by measuring the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and 2,2-Diphennyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation (ABTS+) radical scavenging activities.

Results

All the isolates were able to inhibit the four tested pathogens. The isolates exhibited strong antibiofilm activity and eradicated the biofilms formed by Acinetobacter buamannii and Escherichia coli. All the prepared Lactobacillus LCFS contained phenols and flavonoids and exhibited antioxidant activities in the DPPH and ABTS+ radical scavenging assays. The MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay revealed that LCFS was not cytotoxic to RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, the ten Lactobacillus LCFS decreased the production of nitric oxide.

Conclusions

All the isolates have beneficial properties. This research sheds light on the role of postbiotics in functional fermented foods and pharmaceutical products. Further research to elucidate the precise molecular mechanisms of action of probiotics is warranted.
Analysis of Gastropod Diversity as a Bioindicator of Waters in Situ Ciburuy Padalarang, West Bandung Regency, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Theofilius Erwin , Hasan Zahidah , Handaka Asep Agus , Hamndani Herman
Published: November 2021

This study conducted to determine the water quality of Situ Ciburuy based on the structure of the gastropod community as a bioindicator. The survey method used in this study based on collecting data directly at the research area (purpose sampling method).  For instance, species and density of gastropods were descriptively analyzed, using diversity index and evenes index. For instance, The findings showed that level of water quality in  Situ Ciburuy based on gastropods bioindicators was lightly polluted. That is indicated by the low to moderate diversity of gastropods, which ranges from 1.31-1.98. The Shannon evenness index (0,73-0.95) revealed low gastropod species diversity in Situ Ciburuy, indicating low evenness of gastropod in Situ Ciburuy.