bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimized and Scalable Precoating‐Free Reprogramming of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells into iPSCs
Authors: Fiacco Elisabetta , Landi Sara , Zasso Jacopo , Ambrosini Chiara , Faga Giovanni
Published: January 2024

Human disease modeling has been profoundly transformed by the introduction of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), marking the onset of a new era. This ground‐breaking development offers a tailored framework for generating pluripotent cells from any individual, effectively enabling the development of cellular models for the study of human physiology and diseases on an unprecedented scale. Although technologies for iPSCs generation have advanced rapidly over the past two decades, protocols for reprogramming patient‐derived somatic cells into stem cells still pose a major challenge for the development of automated pipelines capable of generating iPSCs at scales that are cost‐effective, reproducible, and easy to implement. Most methods commonly rely on extracellular matrix protein mixtures or synthetic substrates to promote efficient proliferation of iPSCs. Nonetheless, employing these substances entails a laborious and time‐consuming process, as the culture surface requires coating treatments before cell seeding. Here we describe a method for reprogramming blood‐derived mononucleated cells that eliminates the need to precoat culture surfaces for the entire experimental flow. This procedure is suitable for fresh or frozen purified peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and allows seeding of reprogrammed cells in a culture medium containing a fragment of laminin‐511, regardless of the method of reprogramming employed. Our protocol incorporates a streamlined workflow that optimizes key factors, including cell density, culture medium composition, and iPSC culture propagation techniques. Using a precoating‐free approach, we eliminate the time‐consuming steps, while our optimized subcloning method improves the scalability of the protocol, making it suitable for large‐scale applications. Additionally, the automation‐friendly nature of our protocol allows for high‐throughput processing, reducing the labor and costs associated with manual handling. © 2024 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Miniaturized and time efficient precoating‐free reprogramming of fresh or frozen PBMCs

Alternate Protocol: Erythroid progenitor cells (EPCs) enrichment and reprogramming into iPSCs using Sendai viral vectors

Basic Protocol 2: Picking and precoating‐free optimized expansion of iPSC clones
Seven‐level single‐source switched capacitor inverter with triple boosting capability and high reliability
Authors: Zaid Mohammad , Moonis Ahmad Rafey , Sarwar Adil , Iqbal Atif , Tayyab Mohammad
Published: January 2024

A single‐source switched capacitor multilevel inverter (SCMLI) topology utilizing only 10 switches and 1 diode with the capability of generating seven output voltage levels and a triple voltage boosting factor is proposed in this paper. The converter has capacitors that are self‐balanced and do not require any additional circuitry. The multicarrier sinusoidal pulse width modulation (PWM) technique is used to generate various switching signals for the 10 switches. Moreover, the reliability analysis using the Markov model has been carried out to assess the lifespan of power electronic components used in the proposed converter. The converter's performance is analyzed when an open circuit fault occurs in one or multiple switches. Power loss and efficiency in the converter are calculated by PLECS software using thermal modeling. The efficiency of SCMLI was found to be 97.6% for a 300 W load. The inverter working is verified by building a 500 W prototype in the lab. The experimental results in steady‐state and dynamic conditions agree with the theoretical and simulation analysis.
Rapid on‐site evaluation improves diagnostic performance of fine‐needle aspiration cytology for salivary lesions: Comparison of data from two cancer centers in southern China
Authors: Xu Manbin , Deng Lifei , Peng Kunpeng , Wei Xiaolong , Xie Mei , Liu Muyuan , Peng Hanwei
Published: January 2024

Objectives

To evaluate the diagnostic performance of Milan system for reporting salivary gland cytopathology (MSRSGC) in two southern China tertiary cancer centers and investigate the impact of rapid on‐site evaluation (ROSE) on FNAC performance.

Materials and Methods

Five hundred and forty‐nine patients who underwent FNAC for salivary lesions with surgical follow‐up from two centers were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study. All slides were recategorized using MSRSGC after consensus on diagnostic criteria for each category. The diagnostic performance of FNAC for salivary lesions was evaluated and compared and the impact of ROSE on FNAC performance was analyzed.

Results

The distribution of cases per category based on the MSRSGC criteria in the whole series was as followed: ND 49 (8.9%), NN 76 (14.4%), BN 262 (47.7%), AUS 20 (3.6%), SUMP 43 (7.8%), SM 21 (3.8%), M 78 (14.2%). The SUMC series had significantly more ND distributions than JXCH did (16.2% vs. 0, p = .000). Risk of malignancy for each category in the total series was as followed: 42.9% for ND, 9.2% for NN, 3.8% for BN, 30.0% for AUS, 23.3% for SUMP, 81.0% for SM, and 94.9% for M. When ND and AUS/SUMP were excluded, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy were 84.0%, 97.1%, 89.9%, 95.1%, and 94.0%, respectively; sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy were comparable between the two centers.

Conclusions

FNAC using MSRSGC provides a good tool in preoperative evaluation for salivary lesions in southern China. ROSE improves its diagnostic performance by reducing the ratio of the ND category.
The ecological suitability area of Cirsium lineare (Thunb.) Sch.‐Bip. under future climate change in China based on MaxEnt modeling
Authors: Fang Hu‐Qiang , Zhang Peng‐Fei , Xu Shao‐Wei , Xu Teng , He Bing , Wang En , Dong Chang‐Wu , Yang Qing‐Shan
Published: January 2024

Many kinds of medicinal ingredients occur in Cirsium lineare that have good clinical efficacy, conferring on this species its high medicinal development value. However, with a rapidly changing global climate, it is increasingly imperative to study the factors affecting the habitat distribution and survival of species. We predicted the current and future distribution areas of suitable habitats for C. lineare, analyzed the importance of environmental variables in influencing habitat shifts, and described the alterations to suitable habitats of C. lineare in different periods (modern, 2050s, and 2070s) and scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5). The results show that, under the current climate, the total suitable area of C. lineare is about 2,220,900 km2, of which the highly suitable portion amounts to ca. 292,600 km2. The minimum temperature of the coldest month, annual precipitation, and mean daily temperature range are the chief environmental variables affecting the distribution of habitat for C. lineare. In the same period, with rising greenhouse gas emission concentrations, the total suitable area will increase. In general, under future climate change, the suitable habitat for C. lineare will gradually migrate to the west and north, and its total suitable area will also expand. The results of this experiment can be used for the conservation and management of the wild resources of C. lineare. We can choose suitable growth areas to protect the medicinal resources of C. lineare through in situ conservation and artificial breeding.
Pressure overload is associated with right ventricular dyssynchrony in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Monzo Luca , Tupy Marek , Borlaug Barry A. , Reichenbach Adrian , Jurcova Ivana , Benes Jan , Mlateckova Lenka , Ters Jiri , Kautzner Josef , Melenovsky Vojtech
Published: January 2024

Aims

The determinants and relevance of right ventricular (RV) mechanical dyssynchrony in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) are poorly understood. We hypothesized that increased afterload may adversely affect the synchrony of RV contraction.

Methods and results

A total of 148 patients with HFrEF and 36 controls underwent echocardiography, right heart catheterization, and gated single‐photon emission computed tomography to measure RV chamber volumes and mechanical dyssynchrony (phase standard deviation of systolic displacement timing). Exams were repeated after preload (N = 135) and afterload (N = 15) modulation. Patients with HFrEF showed higher RV dyssynchrony compared with controls (40.6 ± 17.5° vs. 27.8 ± 9.1°, P < 0.001). The magnitude of RV dyssynchrony in HFrEF correlated with larger RV and left ventricular (LV) volumes, lower RV ejection fraction (RVEF) and LV ejection fraction, reduced intrinsic contractility, increased heart rate, higher pulmonary artery (PA) load, and impaired RV–PA coupling (all P ≤ 0.01). Low RVEF was the strongest predictor of RV dyssynchrony. Left bundle branch block (BBB) was associated with greater RV dyssynchrony than right BBB, regardless of QRS duration. RV afterload reduction by sildenafil improved RV dyssynchrony (P = 0.004), whereas preload change with passive leg raise had modest effect. Patients in the highest tertiles of RV dyssynchrony had an increased risk of adverse clinical events compared with those in the lower tertile [T2/T3 vs. T1: hazard ratio 1.98 (95% confidence interval 1.20–3.24), P = 0.007].

Conclusions

RV dyssynchrony is associated with RV remodelling, dysfunction, adverse haemodynamics, and greater risk for adverse clinical events. RV dyssynchrony is mitigated by acute RV afterload reduction and could be a potential therapeutic target to improve RV performance in HFrEF.
Morphological modulation enabled by non‐halogenated solvent‐processed simple solid additives for high‐efficiency organic solar cells
Authors: Haris Muhammad , Ryu Du Hyeon , Ullah Zakir , Kang Bong Joo , Jeon Nam Joong , Lee Seungjin , Lee Hang Ken , Lee Sang Kyu , Lee Jong‐Cheol , Kwon Hyung‐Wook , Shin Won Suk , Song Chang Eun
Published: January 2024

The simple‐structural and volatile solid additive 1,4‐dibromobenzene (DBrB) can outperform organic solar cells (OSCs) fabricated with 1,4‐diiodobenzene and 1,4‐dichlorobenzene in terms of power conversion efficiency (PCE). A remarkable PCE of 17.0% has been achieved in a binary OSC based on DBrB‐optimized photoactive materials processed from non‐halogenated solvents, which is mainly attributed to the formation of a three‐dimensional interpenetrating network and the orderly arrangement of the photoactive materials by improving the intermolecular interaction. This optimized morphology enables efficient charge transfer/transport as well as suppressed charge recombination, resulting in the simultaneous increase in all photovoltaic parameters. More importantly, we demonstrate that non‐halogenated solvent‐processed DBrB enabled PM6:Y6‐HU OSCs with an impressive PCE of 18.6%, which is the highest efficiency yet reported for binary OSCs. This study suggests that the novel DBrB volatile solid additive is an effective approach to optimizing the morphology and thereby improves the photovoltaic performance of OSCs.

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Exploring and comparing the anti‐obesity mechanisms of defatted rice bran total dietary fiber, insoluble dietary fiber, and soluble dietary fiber based on multi‐omics technologies
Authors: Zheng Bing , Zhao Xiaole , Ao Tianxiang , Xie Jianhua , Chen Yi , Gui Yueyao , Gao Xingcai , Hu Xiaobo , Yu Qiang
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to investigate the anti‐obesity mechanisms of rice bran total dietary fiber (RDF), rice bran insoluble DF (RIDF), and rice bran soluble DF (RSDF) from defatted rice bran. RDF, RIDF, and RSDF exhibited excellent anti‐obesity effects, mainly reflected in lipid adsorption in vitro, reduction of body weight, inhibition of adipose tissue accumulation, improvement of dyslipidemia, and repair of histopathological damage. More importantly, the analysis of multi‐omics results revealed that the regulation of intestinal microbiota, amino acid metabolism, and lipid metabolism were the critical pathways for the anti‐obesity effects of RDF, RIDF, and RSDF. However, RIDF was involved in lipid metabolism through alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism and exhibited a more favorable regulatory effect on gut microbiota. In contrast, RSDF impacted metabolic pathways dominated by tryptophan and cholesterol metabolism and excelled in immune and inflammatory amelioration. RIDF and RSDF together constitute RDF, with the latter integrating the tendencies of RIDF and RSDF in terms of intestinal microbiota and hepatic gene expression. However, RDF exhibited significant differences in metabolic regulation compared to RIDF and RSDF, particularly concerning tryptophan metabolism. These findings demonstrated that RIDF and RSDF have distinct mechanisms in obesity management, and that both contributed differently to the anti‐obesity effect of RDF. This study provides experimental evidence for the development of different types of DF from defatted rice bran as personalized anti‐obesity dietary supplements. It also offers new insights for future precision nutrition interventions involving DF.
Trisomy 13 with retroiliac ureter diagnosed by assessment for recurrent febrile urinary tract infections
Authors: Morizawa Yosuke , Tomizawa Mitsuru , Shimizu Takuto , Onishi Kenta , Hori Shunta , Gotoh Daisuke , Nakai Yasushi , Miyake Makito , Torimoto Kazumasa , Fujimoto Kiyohide
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Patients with trisomy 13 have multiple malformations, including urological anomalies, and severe cognitive and psychomotor disabilities. We conducted a ureteroureterostomy for a mid‐ureteral stricture due to a retroiliac ureter in a patient with trisomy 13.

Case presentation

A 6‐month‐old girl with trisomy 13 developed a urinary tract infection. Computed tomography for assessing recurrent urinary tract infection revealed a left mid‐ureteral stricture due to the retroiliac ureter. At the age of 2, a ureteroureterostomy was performed. Two years after surgery, the urinary tract infection did not recur.

Conclusion

Ureteroureterostomy is a safe procedure for children with trisomy 13 and multiple comorbidities. Surgical treatment should be considered for patients with trisomy 13 when agreed upon by the family and comorbidities are well‐controlled.
The cooperative development relationship between Nature Reserves and local communities
Authors: Guo Xueyan , Huang Zhongde , Bai Yang , Lian Yiwei , Yang Wei , Lu Xinyao , Shi Wei , Wu Naiju , Turi Maroof Ali
Published: January 2024

The coordinated relationship between Nature Reserves (NRs) and adjacent communities has a significant impact on both these local communities and conservation management practices. However, the precise relationship between NRs and their surrounding communities remains poorly understood, whether it is coordinated or unbalanced? This study employed a matrix analysis approach alongside a coordination degree model to assess the relationship and the degree of coordination between the Xiaoheishan NRs (Xhs NRs) and local communities. In addition, a structural equation model was used to analyze the factors that influence the degree of coordination between the Xhs NRs and adjacent communities. Taking into account the willingness of these communities, a prospective development model was proposed. The results of the study revealed that: (1) the relationship between the Xhs NRs and their surrounding communities was predominantly characterized by a protection‐oriented approach, particularly in the subprotected regions of Xhs, Dxs, and Jzs. (2) The path analysis revealed that the level of dependence, knowledge, and cost perception among the Xhs NRs communities had a direct negative influence on the degree of coordination. Conversely, the attitudes and perceived benefits to the Xhs NRs had a direct positive effect. (3) The pathway to future development involves a triple model approach: a public participation model, an economic model that focuses on mutual benefits and a protection and poverty alleviation model. The relationship between NRs and surrounding communities should be accurately defined; and the contradiction between protection and development should be fully coordinated. To achieve coordinated development of NRs and communities that reside close by, the Xhs NRs, along with other smaller and scattered NRs, should actively involve the public, particularly local communities, in conservation management.
Hotspots of zoonotic disease risk from wildlife hunting and trade in the tropics
Authors: Choo Jacqueline , Nghiem Le T. P. , Chng Serene , Carrasco Luis R. , Benítez‐López Ana
Published: January 2024

Wildlife hunting and trade creates numerous direct human–animal contact opportunities that can facilitate transmission of zoonotic diseases pantropically. Yet, there is a lack of knowledge of which species and areas have a high risk of zoonotic disease spillover due to wildlife hunting and trade. We combined maps of hunting pressure, recent data sets on human‐shared pathogens, and trade volumes for 614 mammalian host species to map zoonotic disease risk from wildlife hunting and trade pantropically. We also assessed the relationship between zoonotic disease risk from hunting and probability of emerging zoonotic diseases using generalised least square regression. We identified hotspots of zoonotic disease risk from hunting in central America, China, and central Africa. When considering wildlife trade frequency, high risk occurs in southern Africa and China. Zoonotic disease risk from wildlife hunting aligns significantly with the risk of zoonotic emerging infectious diseases, suggesting that hunting is a key driver of zoonotic disease outbreaks of pandemic potential. Interventions that regulate the hunting of host species and considers the socioeconomic motivations behind hunting could reduce the risk of zoonotic disease spillover.
Cyberloafing deterrence in the public sector of Ghana
Authors: Kolog Emmanuel Awuni , Mensah Isaac , Egala Sulemana Bankuoru
Published: January 2024

The integration of the Internet into various aspects of business operations, including the public sector, is rapidly becoming a norm. However, within this evolving landscape, the issue of cyberloafing, the misuse of the internet for unauthorized activities, cannot be ignored. Existing research on cyberloafing in developing countries, specifically in Ghana, has predominantly focused on higher education students. A brief examination of the literature pertaining to cyberloafing in developing nations reveals a prevalent emphasis on categorizing cyberloafing activities, often with limited insight into the motivations and deterrence of such behavior. Drawing on the framework of the General Deterrence theory, this paper delves into the underlying factors that deter cyberloafing behavior within the public sector of Ghana. Through the utilization of a partial least square structural equation model, the study analyzed data from 473 responses collected from public institutions across Ghana. The study revealed that factors such as certainty, monitoring, and security risks significantly influence the manifestation of cyberloafing behavior among employees in the Ghanaian public sector. However, the Severity and Celerity of sanctions were found not to influence cyberloafing behavior. The moderating effect of age and culture on the deterrent constructs and cyberloafing behavior vary. The study serves as a strategic framework to curd the rampant cyberloafing activities in many public sector institutions particularly in the global south. In essence, this study contributes not only to the understanding of cyberloafing behavior in the Ghanaian public sector but also provides a valuable foundation for designing targeted interventions to address this issue, ultimately fostering a more productive and responsible online engagement within these institutions.
Asperuloside alleviates cyclophosphamide‐induced myelosuppression by promoting AMPK/mTOR pathway‐mediated autophagy
Authors: Che Hong , Li Linlin , Zhao Bingjie , Hu Lian , Xiao Li , Liu Peijia , Liu Songshan , Hou Zhufa
Published: January 2024

Cyclophosphamide (CTX) is a common anticancer chemotherapy drug, and myelosuppression is the most common serious side effect. Asperuloside (ASP), the active component of Hedyotis diffusa Willd., may have the effect of ameliorating chemotherapy‐induced myelosuppression. This study aimed to explore the effect and possible mechanism of ASP on CTX‐induced myelosuppression. Male SPF C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into five groups: control group, CTX (25 mg/kg) group, CTX + granulocyte‐macrophage‐colony stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) (5 μg/kg) group, CTX + high‐dose ASP (50 mg/kg) group and CTX + low‐dose ASP (25 mg/kg) group, with six mice in each group. The body weight of mice was monitored every other day, the hematopoietic progenitor cell colony number was measured by colony forming unit, and the relevant blood indicators were detected. Femoral bone marrow was observed by hematoxylin‐eosin, C‐kit expression was detected by immunohistochemistry, and autophagy and adenine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway protein expressions were detected by immunohistochemistry and western blotting (WB). Then the AMPK inhibitor dorsomorphin was used to interfere with AMPK/mTOR pathway. Results showed that ASP significantly increased the body weight of CTX‐induced mice, increased the number of hematopoietic progenitor cells, the expression of white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets, GM‐CSF, thrombopoietin and erythropoietin in blood, and the expression of C‐kit in bone marrow. In addition, ASP further promoted the expression of Beclin1 and LC‐3II/I induced by CTX, and regulated the protein expressions in the AMPK/mTOR pathway. The use of dorsomorphin inhibited the alleviation effect of ASP on CTX‐induced myelosuppression and the promotion effect of ASP on autophagy. In conclusion, ASP alleviated CTX‐induced myelosuppression by promoting AMPK/mTOR pathway‐mediated autophagy.
Time series analysis in preventive intervention research: A step‐by‐step guide
Authors: Dorais Stephanie
Published: January 2024

Time series analysis (TSA) is a statistical approach rooted in data mining that measures outcomes that consistently fluctuate over time. It is uniquely positioned as a methodology for preventive intervention research due to its capacity to measure long‐term impact in natural settings. With the ability to detect temporal patterns in a series of chronological data points, it allows researchers to detect naturalistic patterns, forecast future observations, and explain a change in data after an intervention is put in place. However, its application is historically sparse across behavioral research. This article provides counseling researchers with an overview of TSA and presents a step‐by‐step guide for conducting TSA analyses in counseling research. The author discusses the key concepts, steps for implementation, and the strengths and challenges of conducting TSA.
Predictive potential of K‐Banhatti and Zagreb type molecular descriptors in structure–property relationship analysis of some novel drug molecules
Authors: Ullah Asad , Jabeen Safina , Zaman Shahid , Hamraz Anila , Meherban Summeira
Published: January 2024

Topological indices (TIs) can be used to forecast molecules' biological activity, physicochemical features, and toxicity. The use of topological indices and regression analysis can help us better understand drug behavior and contribute to the development of tailored drugs. This study investigates the predictive potential and efficacy of K‐Banhatti and Zagreb type degree‐based topological indices in quantitative structure–property relationship (QSPR) analysis of a comprehensive set of medications used for diabetes type‐I and type‐II disease. The K‐Banhatti and Zagreb type degree‐based topological indices are computed for 14 anti‐diabetes drug molecules using edge/vertex partitioning techniques. By leveraging these topological indices, QSPR regression models are developed to predict the physicochemical properties of the understudy drugs. The results show that the values of these topological indices are highly correlated with certain physicochemical properties of the anti‐diabetes drugs. Furthermore, the comparative analysis revealed that, for all the considered properties except enthalpy of vaporization, Zagreb type indices outperform K‐Banhatti indices with high predictive ability. Hence, it can be concluded that the Zagreb type indices are the best alternatives to theoretically predict the properties of anti‐diabetes drugs. This theoretical analysis can help chemists in their right choice of the topological indices to theoretically predict the properties of anti‐diabetes drugs without going into laborious experimentation.
The Use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Radiation Therapy Treatment Simulation and Planning
Authors: McGee Kiaran P. , Cao Minsong , Das Indra J. , Yu Victoria , Witte Robert J. , Kishan Amar U. , Valle Luca F. , Wiesinger Florian , De‐Colle Chiara , Cao Yue , Breen William G. , Traughber Bryan J.
Published: January 2024

Ever since its introduction as a diagnostic imaging tool the potential of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in radiation therapy (RT) treatment simulation and planning has been recognized. Recent technical advances have addressed many of the impediments to use of this technology and as a result have resulted in rapid and growing adoption of MRI in RT. The purpose of this article is to provide a broad review of the multiple uses of MR in the RT treatment simulation and planning process, identify several of the most used clinical scenarios in which MR is integral to the simulation and planning process, highlight existing limitations and provide multiple unmet needs thereby highlighting opportunities for the diagnostic MR imaging community to contribute and collaborate with our oncology colleagues.

Evidence Level

5

Technical Efficacy

Stage 5
Assessing the performance of a targeted absolute quantification isotope dilution liquid chromatograhy tandem mass spectrometry assay versus a commercial nontargeted relative quantification assay for detection of three major perfluoroalkyls in human blood
Authors: Salihovic Samira , Dunder Linda , Lind Monica , Lind Lars
Published: January 2024

Isotope dilution ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS) is commonly used for trace analysis of polyfluoroalkyl and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in difficult matrices. Commercial nontargeted analysis of major PFAS where relative concentrations are obtained cost effectively is rapidly emerging and is claimed to provide comparable results to that of absolute quantification using matrix matched calibration and isotope dilution UHPLC–MS/MS. However, this remains to be demonstrated on a large scale. We aimed to assess the performance of a targeted absolute quantification isotope dilution LC–MS/MS assay versus a commercial nontargeted relative quantification assay for detection of three major PFAS in human blood. We evaluated a population‐based cohort of 503 individuals. Correlations were assessed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficients (rho). Precision and bias were assessed using Bland–Altman plots. For perfluorooctane sulfonic acid, the median concentrations were 5.10 ng/mL (interquartile range [IQR] 3.50–7.24 ng/mL), the two assays correlated with rho 0.83. For perfluorooctanoic acid, the median concentrations were 2.14 ng/mL (IQR 1.60–3.0 ng/mL), the two assays correlated with rho 0.92. For perfluorohexanesulfonate, the median concentrations were 5.5 ng/mL (IQR 2.50–11.61 ng/mL), the two assays correlated with rho 0.96. The Bland–Altman statistical test showed agreement of the mean difference for the majority of samples (97–98%) between the two assays. Absolute plasma concentrations of PFAS obtained using matrix matched calibration and isotope dilution UHPLC–MS/MS show agreement with relative plasma concentrations from a nontargeted commercial platform by Metabolon. We observed striking consistency between the two assays when examining the associations of the three PFAS with cholesterol, offering additional confidence in the validity of utilizing the nontargeted approach for correlations with various health phenotypes.
Application of sandpaper spray ionization mass spectrometry to comprehensively examine maple leaves infected with distinct fungi
Authors: Parasecolo Leonardo , Dabija Laurentiu G. , Shouk Rani , Shouk Dani , Augusti Rodinei , Ifa Demian R.
Published: January 2024

This study describes a novel application for sandpaper spray ionization mass spectrometry (SPS‐MS), to examine the surface of maple tree (Acer sp.) leaves. By comparing mass spectrometry fingerprints, healthy leaves from those infected with powdery mildew and Rhytisma acerinum were distinguished. Leaves were grated with sandpaper, cut into triangles, and placed before the mass spectrometer, with the addition of a methanol‐formic acid solution. Multivariate statistical analysis categorized the samples into three groups. Overall, SPS‐MS effectively analyzed leaves with infectious microorganisms, potentially aiding in the creation of fungal identification databanks.
Improved chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthetic rate, and plant growth of Brassica napus L. after co‐application of biochar and phosphorus fertilizer in acidic soil
Authors: El‐Desouki Zeinab , Xia Hao , Abouseif Yehia , Cong Ming , Zhang Mengyang , Riaz Muhammad , Moustafa‐Farag Mohamed , Jiang Cuncang
Published: January 2024

Aims

Biochar has been used as an amendment to improve soil fertility and increase crop yield. A pot trial and incubation experiment were conducted to evaluate the effects of combined biochar and phosphate fertilizer applications on changes in soil physiochemical properties, photosynthetic parameters, and plant growth of Brassica napus L. in acidic soil.

Methods

Biochar (B) was applied at rates (B0: 0%, B1: 2%, and B2: 4% w/w) to the soil, while phosphorus (P) as KH2PO4 was added at P0: 0 mg kg–1 soil, P1: 100 mg kg–1 soil, and P2: 150 mg kg–1 soil. Non‐amended soil served as the control (Ck).

Results

The study found that the maximum photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) and non‐photochemical quenching were affected by biochar and P fertilizer treatments. The Fv/Fm was significantly lower in the Ck while the highest in B2P1. Compared to the Ck treatment, the electron transport rate and photosynthetic rate were significantly increased under the application of biochar with P fertilizer. Additionally, malondialdehyde content declined by 68.9% when biochar was added with P fertilizer treatments. Furthermore, the plant P content and plant growth parameters were significantly increased. Biochar with and without P fertilizer treatments increased soil pH significantly, compared to the application of P fertilizer alone. Water‐soluble P decreased with incubation time, while Al‐P decreased significantly by 69.9% and 76.4% under B1 and B2 treatments, respectively, compared to CK.

Conclusion

The findings revealed a positive effect of the combined application of biochar with phosphate fertilizer on the growth of oilseed rape in acidic soil.
Raman and photoluminescence signal separation in Raman hyperspectral imagery including noise reduction
Authors: Goedhart Jonne J. , Kuipers Thijs P. , Papadakis Vassilis M.
Published: January 2024

Raman hyperspectral imaging (RHSI) is a valuable tool for gaining crucial information about the chemical composition of materials. However, obtaining clear Raman signals is not always a trivial task. Raw Raman signals can be susceptible to photoluminescence interference and noise. Hence, the preprocessing of RHSI is a required step for an effective and reliable chemical analysis. The main challenge is splitting the measured RHSI into separate Raman photoluminescence signals. Since no golden‐standard exists, it is non‐trivial to validate the correctness of the separated signals. While current state‐of‐the‐art preprocessing methods are effective, they require expert knowledge and involve unintuitive hyperparameters. Current approaches also lack generalizability, requiring extensive hyperparameter tuning on a case‐by‐case basis, while even then results are not always as expected. To this end, this work proposes a novel iterative RHSI preprocessing pipeline for splitting raw Raman signals and noise removal based on linear spline and radial basis function regression (IlsaRBF). The proposed method involves hyperparameters based on the physical properties of Raman spectroscopy, making them intuitive to use. This leads to more robust and stable hyperparameters, reducing the necessity for extensive hyperparameter tuning. A thorough evaluation shows that the proposed method outperforms the current state‐of‐the‐art. Additionally, a cosmic ray identification and removal algorithm (CRIR) and dynamic PCA for noise reduction are introduced. A standalone tool containing our proposed methods is provided, making RHSI preprocessing available to a broader audience, aiding further research and advancements in the field of Raman spectroscopy.
Atopic dermatitis and stress: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of female patients with atopic dermatitis using an arithmetic task
Authors: Jonsson Tomas , Li Tie‐Qiang , Abdelhadi Saly , Lönndahl Louise , Theodorsson Elvar , Nordlind Klas
Published: January 2024

Background

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by eczematous lesions, dry skin and persistent itch. AD may worsen due to psychological stress. However, little is known about the neural correlates that mediate the interaction between psychological stress and AD.

Objectives

To identify the possible difference in brain activation during arithmetic‐task induced stress in patients with AD versus healthy controls (HC) as well as the link between the brain response and clinical and psychodemographic parameters.

Methods

A cohort of 29 AD female patients and 23 matched HC were recruited to investigate the potential difference in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) response to a block‐designed arithmetic paradigm. Both the HC and AD subjects were evaluated regarding their psychological traits, and for the AD subjects also their clinical characteristics, including stress indicators such as heart rate and salivary cortisol. We employed both univariate and multivariate statistical methods to analyse the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) fMRI response of the subjects to the block‐designed arithmetic paradigm.

Results

(1) Compared with HC subjects, the AD patients depict less deactivation in the default mode network including right angular gyrus, bilateral temporal pole and temporal lobe in response to the arithmetic task. (2) The BOLD fMRI response amplitude in the right postcentral gyrus and inferior parietal lobule is positively correlated with the stress susceptibility scores in the AD subjects, whereas the trend was the opposite of this for the HC subjects. (3) The activation in the postcentral gyrus also shows a correlation with the degree of itch in the AD patients.

Conclusions

The BOLD fMRI measurements based on an arithmetic paradigm can provide useful insight into altered brain processing and its association with psychological traits and clinical characteristics in subjects with AD. Psychological stress exacerbates brain activities for the AD subjects in the motor, somatosensory association cortex, perception and sensory integration processing. The postcentral gyrus might be of particular interest for itch and stress.
Organic matter, eutrophication, and increased mass accumulation rates in the Anthropocene are the main drivers of mercury concentrations and historical enrichment in Canadian lake sediments
Authors: Beaulieu Marieke , Amyot Marc , Griffiths Katherine , Dastoor Ashu , Jeziorski Adam , Gregory‐Eaves Irene
Published: January 2024

Mercury (Hg) contamination in the environment is a persistent issue as emissions from industry are ongoing and legacy cycling is prolonged. To quantify total mercury (total Hg) and methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations in lake sediments across a wide suite of temperate to subarctic lakes, measurements and modeling were conducted for 320 sites across Canada. Total Hg varied from 7 to 567 ng g−1 dry sediment with a mean (median) value of 148 (128) ng g−1 dry sediment, with lowest concentrations observed in eutrophic lakes of the Prairies and Boreal Plains. Average total Hg concentrations have increased twofold in contemporary sediments relative to their preindustrial pair. MeHg concentrations were generally low, with a mean of 0.8 ng g−1 dry sediment and this form representing on average 0.6% of the total contemporary mercury concentrations. Water column variables related to eutrophication were among the strongest predictors of contemporary total Hg, MeHg, and total Hg enrichment in the sediments. In lakes where sediment radiometric data were collected, contemporary total Hg accumulation rates were strongly related to longitude(+) and Hg atmospheric deposition(+). Latitude(−) and Hg atmospheric deposition(+) were the best predictors of MeHg accumulation rates. Chromophoric dissolved organic matter optical properties were key predictors of both total Hg concentrations and accumulation rates. Our work highlights the paramount importance of lake trophic state and the nature of organic matter as key predictors of lake sediment mercury metrics.
The MatHub‐3d first‐principles repository and the applications on thermoelectrics
Authors: Liu Lu , Yao Mingjia , Wang Yuxiang , Jin Yeqing , Ji Jialin , Luo Huifang , Cao Yan , Xiong Yifei , Sheng Ye , Li Xin , Qiu Di , Xi Lili , Xi Jinyang , Zhang Wenqing , Chen Lidong , Yang Jiong
Published: January 2024

Following the Materials Genome Initiative project, materials research has embarked a new research paradigm centered around material repositories, significantly accelerating the discovery of novel materials, such as thermoelectrics. Thermoelectric materials, capable of directly converting heat into electricity, are garnering increasing attention in applications like waste heat recovery and refrigeration. To facilitate research in this emerging paradigm, we have established the Materials Hub with Three‐Dimensional Structures (MatHub‐3d) repository, which serves as the foundation for high‐throughput (HTP) calculations, property analysis, and the design of thermoelectric materials. In this review, we summarize recent advancements in thermoelectric materials powered by the MatHub‐3d, specifically HTP calculations of transport properties and material design on key factors. For HTP calculations, we develop the electrical transport package for HTP purpose, and utilize it for materials screening. In some works, we investigate the relationship between transport properties and chemical bonds for particular types of thermoelectric compounds based on HTP results, enhancing the fundamental understanding about interested compounds. In our work associated with material design, we primarily utilize key factors beyond transport properties to further expedite materials screening and speedily identify specific materials for further theoretical/experimental analyses. Finally, we discuss the future developments of the MatHub‐3d and the evolving directions of database‐driven thermoelectric research.
Defining field output factors in small fields based on dose area product measurements: A feasibility study
Authors: Jurczak Julien , Rapp Benjamin , Bordy Jean‐Marc , Josset Stephanie , Dufreneix Stephane
Published: January 2024

Background

Dose area product in water (DAPw) in small fields relies on the use of detectors with a sensitive area larger than the irradiation field. This quantity has recently been used to establish primary standards down to 5 mm field size, with an uncertainty smaller than 0.7%. It has the potential to decrease the uncertainty related to field output factors, but is not currently integrated into treatment planning systems.

Purpose

This study aimed to explore the feasibility of converting DAPw into a point dose in small fields by determining the volume averaging correction factor. By determining the field output factors, a comparison between the so‐called “DAPw to point dose” approach and the IAEA TRS483 methodology was performed.

Method

Diodes, microdiamonds, and a micro ionization chamber were used to measure field output factors following the IAEA TRS483 methodology on two similar linacs equipped with circular cones down to 6 mm diameter. For the “DAPw to point dose” approach, measurements were performed with a dedicated and built‐in‐house 3 cm diameter plane‐parallel ionization chamber calibrated in terms of DAPw in the French Primary Dosimetry Standards Laboratory LNE‐LNHB. Beam profile measurements were performed to generate volume averaging correction factors enabling the conversion of an integral DAPw measurement into a point dose and the determination of the field output factors. Both sets of field output factors were compared.

Results

According to the IAEA TRS483 methodology, field output factors were within ±3% for all detectors on both linacs. Large variations were observed for the volume averaging correction factors with a maximum spread between the detectors of 26% for the smallest field size. Consequently, deviations of up to 15% between the “IAEA TRS483” and the “DAPw to point dose” methodologies were found for the field output factor of the smallest field size. This was attributed to the difficulty in accurately determining beam profiles in small fields.

Conclusion

Although primary standards associated with small uncertainties can be established in terms of DAPw in a primary laboratory, the “DAPw to point dose” methodology requires volume averaging correction to derive a field output factor from DAPw measurements. None of the point detectors studied provided satisfactory results, and additional work using other detectors, such as film, is still required to allow the transfer of a DAP primary standard to users in terms of absorbed point dose.
3T 31P/1H calf muscle coil for 1H and 31P MRI/MRS integrated with NIRS data acquisition
Authors: Zhang Bei , Lowrance Daniel , Sarma Manoj Kumar , Bartlett Miles , Zaha David , Nelson Michael D. , Henning Anke
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Our aim was to design and build a 3T 31P/1H calf coil that is capable of providing both good 31P and 1H transmit and receive performance, as well as being capable of accommodating a near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) device for simultaneous NIRS data and MRI/MRS acquisition.

Method

In this work, we propose a new 3T 31P/1H birdcage combination design consisting of two co‐centrically positioned birdcages on the same surface to maximize transmit efficiency and sensitivity for both nuclei. The 31P birdcage is a high‐pass birdcage, whereas the 1H birdcage is a low‐pass one to minimize coupling. The diameter of the 31P/1H birdcage combination was designed to be large enough to accommodate a NIRS device for simultaneous NIRS data and MRI/MRS acquisition.

Results

The one‐layer coil structure of the birdcage combination significantly streamlines the mechanical design and coil assembly process. Full‐wave simulation results show that the 31P and 1H are very well decoupled with each other, and the 1H and 31P SNR surpasses that of their standalone counterparts in the central area. Experiment results show that the inclusion of a NIRS device does not significantly affect the performance of the coil, thus enabling simultaneous NIRS and MRI readouts during exercise.

Conclusion

Our findings demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of this dual‐tuned coil design for combined NIRS and MRS measurements, offering potential benefits for studying metabolic and functional changes in the skeletal muscle in vivo.
Understanding consumers to inform market interventions for Singapore's shark fin trade
Authors: Choy Christina , Booth Hollie , Veríssimo Diogo
Published: January 2024

Sharks, rays and their cartilaginous relatives (Class Chondrichthyes, herein ‘sharks’) are among the world's most threatened species groups, primarily due to overfishing, which in turn is driven by complex market forces including demand for fins. Understanding the high‐value shark fin market is a global priority for conserving shark and rays, yet the preferences of shark fin consumers are not well understood. This gap hinders the design of evidence‐based consumer‐focused conservation interventions.

Using an online discrete choice experiment, we explored preferences for price, quality, size, menu types (as a proxy for exclusivity) and source of fins (with varying degrees of sustainability) among 300 shark fin consumers in Singapore: a global entrepôt for shark fin trade.

Overall, consumers preferred lower priced fins sourced from responsible fisheries or produced using novel lab‐cultured techniques. We also identified four consumer segments, each with distinct psychographic characteristics and consumption behaviours.

These preferences and profiles could be leveraged to inform new regulatory and market‐based interventions regarding the sale and consumption of shark fins, and incentivize responsible fisheries and lab‐cultured innovation for delivering conservation and sustainability goals.

In addition, message framing around health benefits, shark endangerment and counterfeiting could reinforce existing beliefs among consumers in Singapore and drive behavioural shifts to ensure that market demand remains within the limits of sustainable supply.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Sustainable polylactide/polycaprolactone based polyurethane blends fabricated via reactive compatibilization
Authors: Li Haochen , Li Rongbo , Zhang Xiang , Xing Qian
Published: January 2024

A series of polylactide (PLA)/polycaprolactone‐based polyurethane (PCLU) blends were prepared by reactive blending of PLA with polycaprolactone diol (PCL diol) and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI). The reaction mechanism, compatibility, crystallization behavior and the mechanical properties of the PLA/PCLU blends were investigated. It was demonstrated that the hydroxyl group of PCL diol or PLA could react with the isocyanate (NCO) group of HDI to form PCLU or PLA‐co‐PCLU in situ, thereby improving the interfacial compatibility between PLA and PCLU phases. Phase‐separated morphology with the PCLU dispersed in the PLA matrix was observed for the PLA blends with an obscure interphase. The thermal and cold crystallization ability of PLA were retarded. PLA/PCLU blend showed higher impact strength and elongation at break compared with pure PLA. Specifically, at a 40 wt% feed ratio of PCL diol, the impact strength reached an impressive 28 kJ m−2. Notably, the shape memory performance of the blend showed a substantial improvement, achieving a remarkable shape recovery rate of 96.3% at the same 40 wt% PCL diol feed ratio. The mechanisms governing both toughening and shape memory enhancement in the blend were thoroughly elucidated.