bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anthropometric Analysis of Mental Foramen in Dry Human Mandibles in Karnataka
Authors: S. Shashidhar , S. Sridevi N.
Published: January 2020

Background and Objectives The mental foramen which is located on the anterior surface of the mandible is a bilateral opening transmitting mental nerves and vessels that supply important structures around. However, it is reported that the location of mental foramen varies across different races and genders, the awareness of which is vital in surgical interventions, anesthetic applications, and various other invasive procedures. Hence, the objectives of the present study were to study the location, size, and shape of mental foramina in dry human mandibles and to study the incidence of accessory mental foramina in human mandibles.

Materials and Methods One hundred eighty dried mandibles were observed for the location, size, and shape of mental foramen. Digital Vernier calipers were used to measure the distance of right and left mental foramen from various locations like alveolar crest, symphysis menti, lower border of mandible, and posterior border of the ramus of mandible. The data were analyzed using SPSS 20 software. The position and number of accessory mental foramen were determined.

Results  The various positions of mental foramina studied revealed the most common type to be type IV as per the Tebo and Telford classification. The average horizontal diameter was slightly higher than the average vertical diameter in majority of the bones. Accessory mental foramina were observed in 3 mandibles.

Conclusion The mental foramen was most commonly situated along the longitudinal axis of second premolar tooth and the shape of the mental foramen was found to be oval in 95% of the bones studied.
Combined Microsurgery and Radiotherapy for Multiple Spinal Cord Hemangioblastomas with Holocord Syrinx in von Hippel-Lindau Disease: A Case Report
Authors: Knoop Nicolas , Seidel Clemens , Frydrychowicz Clara , Meixensberger Jürgen
Published: January 2020

Spinal and cerebellar hemangioblastomas are common in von Hippel-Lindau disease (vHLD) and usually treated surgically. Multifocal presence and surgically not amenable locations are issues that require a combined microsurgical and radiosurgical approach to control complex cases.

We would like to present the case of a 37-year-old male patient who was diagnosed vHLD with multiple spinal and one infratentorial hemangioblastomas and holocord syrinx formation of the whole spinal cord. Combined microsurgical approaches to two spinal lesions and the cerebellar lesion followed by external beam radiotherapy of the posterior fossa and the whole spinal axis stabilized tumor growth of the asymptomatic lesions, while no recurrent tumors were detected at the site of surgery. A clinical deterioration connected to early postoperative deficits stabilized to a moderate gait ataxia. The follow-up after radiotherapy covered 60 months.

A combination of microsurgery and radiosurgery for the surgically not amenable lesions is an adequate treatment regimen to stabilize tumor growth and clinical symptoms of multifocal spinal hemangioblastomas in vHLD, though the therapy should be limited to symptomatic or growing lesions.
All-Arthroscopic McLaughlin's Procedure in Patients with Reverse Hill–Sachs Lesion Caused by Locked Posterior Shoulder Dislocation
Authors: Brilakis Emmanouil , Malahias Michael-Alexander , Patramani Maria , Avramidis Grigoris , Gerogiannis Dimitrios , Trellopoulos Angelos , Antonogiannakis Emmanouil
Published: January 2020

Purpose This study aims to investigate the clinical and functional outcomes of the all-arthroscopic McLaughlin procedure in a clinical series of patients suffering by neglected locked posterior shoulder dislocation.

Methods A retrospective clinical study based on prospectively collected data was conducted in a single center regarding 10 patients with neglected locked posterior shoulder dislocation and concomitant reverse Hill–Sachs lesion, who were treated with the all-arthroscopic Mclaughlin procedure. The average humeral bone defect was 39 ± 7% according to the preoperative computed tomography evaluation. The mean time of follow-up was 77 ± 16 months (range, 63–104 months).

Results No patient had suffered a new dislocation, whereas all of them were satisfied with the surgical outcome and returned to their previous activities of daily living. External rotation was restored to every patient studied from 0 degrees at the baseline. At the last follow-up, the median external rotation beside the body was 90 degrees (range, 50–90 degrees; p < 0.01) and the respective measurement at 90 degrees of abduction was 90 degrees (range, 80–90 degrees; p < 0.01). The active forward flexion was increased (p < 0.01), from 60 degrees (range, 30–180 degrees) at the baseline to 180 degrees (range, 160–180 degrees) at the last follow-up and the internal rotation was gained (p < 0.01) from the level of buttock (range, lateral thigh–T12) at the baseline to the T11 level (range, T7–L3) at the last follow-up. The median UCLA score was increased from 8 (range, 4–22) to 35 (range, 33–35; p < 0.01) and the Oxford instability score from 5 (range, 3–16) to 46 (range, 43–48; p < 0.01), respectively.

Conclusion The arthroscopic McLaughlin procedure in substantial reverse Hills–Sachs lesion caused by locked posterior dislocation leads to excellent clinical and functional results in the long-term follow-up.

Level of Evidence This is a therapeutic study, case series with no comparison group, Level IV.
Selective Embolization Is Safe and Effective for Total Knee Arthroplasty-Associated Recurrent Hemarthroses: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sundaram Kavin , Arnold Nicholas R. , Mont Michael A. , Sodhi Nipun , Warren Jared , Kamath Atul F. , Piuzzi Nicolas S.
Published: January 2020

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA)-associated hemarthroses are infrequent and often respond to nonoperative therapy. Geniculate artery embolization may provide symptomatic relief in cases recalcitrant to needle aspiration, although no meta-analysis exists regarding this therapy. This meta-analysis aims to assess the rate of symptom relief, the number of embolizations needed to achieve relief, and the rate of complications associated with embolization. Public databases were queried from 1998 until 2018 for TKA-associated recurrent hemarthroses treated with embolization. Eight studies met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Major complications were defined as those requiring readmission or nonelective reoperation; minor complications were defined as those not requiring readmission or reoperation. Pooled statistics were calculated utilizing the method of inverse variance. Fifty-nine patients with a mean follow-up of 30 months (range, 1–50 months) were evaluated. The pooled proportion of patients with symptom improvement following embolization was 86% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 74–93%, I
2: 0%, p = 0.97). The average number of embolization procedures was 1.30 (95% CI: 1.03–1.63, I
2: 0%, p = 0.66). The pooled proportion of patients who required a second embolization procedure was 26% (95% CI: 15–40%, I
2: 0%, p = 0.43), while those requiring three or more procedures was 13% (95% CI: 6–25%, I
2: 0%, p = 0.87). The rate of complications were as follows: any complication – 19% (95% CI: 11–32%, I
2: 0%, p = 0.81); major complications–8% (95% CI: 3–19%, I
2: 0%, p = 0.96); minor complications–18% (95% CI: 10–31%, I
2: 0%, p = 0.79); inguinal hematoma–9% (95% CI: 4–19%, I
2: 0%, p = 1.00); skin necrosis–15% (95% CI: 7–29%, I
2: 0%, p = 0.62); and incision breakdown–7% (95% CI: 3–17%, I
2: 0%, p = 1.00). Previous literature on selective artery embolization following TKA is relatively limited. This meta-analysis supports embolization as a potentially safe and effective treatment for recurrent hemarthroses after TKA. Other correctable causes of recurrent hemarthrosis, such as instability or malalignment, must be diligently ruled out prior to utilizing embolization. Surgeons should be aware of embolization's potential role in the postoperative period following TKA.
Why Women Might Choose a Career in Pediatric Surgery and Ensuring There Are No Impediments to Selecting the Best
Authors: McGregor Angela Dawn , Beasley Spencer , Williman Jonathan A.
Published: January 2020

Introduction Although pediatric surgery in Australasia has a higher proportion of women than any other surgical specialty, women remain underrepresented. There is concern that residual impediments may still deter women from choosing this specialty as a career option.

Materials and Methods A survey of years 2 to 6 medical students, with focused analysis on those who selected pediatric surgery as their most (or least) attractive surgical specialty and the characteristics they deemed important when considering a surgical career.

Results The survey was completed by 357 students of whom 50 selected pediatric surgery as their most attractive surgical specialty and 12 as their least attractive surgical specialty, at equal gender rates. The specialty was not perceived as being prestigious, well paid, or one that emphasized technical skill but was perceived as having good work-life balance, when compared with the other surgical specialties. Those who selected pediatric surgery as their most attractive specialty were otherwise less likely to choose a career in surgery.

Conclusion Pediatric surgery is perceived as being less aligned to characteristics stereotypically associated with males and more with those characteristics associated with females. Overall, it seems to be more female friendly than other surgical specialties. It would behove the pediatric surgical community to better understand how it is perceived, so that perceptions can be aligned to reality and gender diversity can be increased.
Indications, Surgical Complications, and Long-Term Outcomes in Pediatric Esophageal Reconstructions with Pedicled Jejunal Interposition Graft
Authors: Koivusalo Antti , Suominen Janne , Salminen Jukka , Pakarinen Mikko
Published: January 2020

Introduction Several surgical techniques are available for pediatric esophageal reconstruction. We started to use pedicled jejunum interposition graft (PJIG) because other techniques had significant long-term complications. In this retrospective study, the indications, surgical complications, and long-term outcomes were assessed in patients with PJIG.

Materials and Methods With ethical consent, we reviewed the hospital records of 14 patients (7 females) who from 2005 to 2019 underwent a total of 16 esophageal reconstructions with PJIG.

Results Median age at PJIG was 1.6 (range: 0.2–15) years. Underlying conditions were esophageal atresia (EA) (n = 11) or native esophagus lost by trauma or infection (n = 3). Eight patients with EA underwent PJIG as primary reconstruction and three as a rescue operation after complications in primary repair. Significant surgical complications occurred in 43% of patients. Major reoperations in six (43%) patients included resection and reanastomosis of strictured proximal PJIG (n = 1) and redo PJIG after failure of the first operation (n = 2). Surgical mortality was nil. After a median follow-up of 6.5 (range: 0.7–14) years, 13 (93%) patients survived, and 1 died of congenital heart disease. PJIG failed in three (23%) survivors of whom two underwent graft removal because of life-threatening aspiration and one did not start oral feeds at all. Ten survivors (77%) have full enteral feeds. Respiratory function in the survivors is satisfactory. Two patients have moderate and three mild gastroesophageal reflux symptoms.

Conclusion PJIG was a functional option for a variety of conditions that required esophageal reconstruction. However, significant early and late complications required major surgical revisions.
Reducing Alert Burden in Electronic Health Records: State of the Art Recommendations from Four Health Systems
Authors: McGreevey John D. , Mallozzi Colleen P. , Perkins Randa M. , Shelov Eric , Schreiber Richard
Published: January 2020

Background Electronic health record (EHR) alert fatigue, while widely recognized as a concern nationally, lacks a corresponding comprehensive mitigation plan.

Objectives The goal of this manuscript is to provide practical guidance to clinical informaticists and other health care leaders who are considering creating a program to manage EHR alerts.

Methods This manuscript synthesizes several approaches and recommendations for better alert management derived from four U.S. health care institutions that presented their experiences and recommendations at the American Medical Informatics Association 2019 Clinical Informatics Conference in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. The assembled health care institution leaders represent academic, pediatric, community, and specialized care domains. We describe governance and management, structural concepts and components, and human–computer interactions with alerts, and make recommendations regarding these domains based on our experience supplemented with literature review. This paper focuses on alerts that impact bedside clinicians.

Results The manuscript addresses the range of considerations relevant to alert management including a summary of the background literature about alerts, alert governance, alert metrics, starting an alert management program, approaches to evaluating alerts prior to deployment, and optimization of existing alerts. The manuscript includes examples of alert optimization successes at two of the represented institutions. In addition, we review limitations on the ability to evaluate alerts in the current state and identify opportunities for further scholarship.

Conclusion Ultimately, alert management programs must strive to meet common goals of improving patient care, while at the same time decreasing the alert burden on clinicians. In so doing, organizations have an opportunity to promote the wellness of patients, clinicians, and EHRs themselves.
Kangaroo Mother Care Reduces Noninvasive Ventilation and Total Oxygen Support Duration in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants
Authors: Xie Xiaohua , Chen Xueyu , Sun Panpan , Cao Aifen , Zhuang Yanzhu , Xiong Xiaoyun , Yang Chuanzhong
Published: January 2020

Objective Evidence on the safety and influence of kangaroo mother care (KMC) in extremely low birth weight infants (ELBWIs) on ventilation is lacking.

Study Design This is a retrospective cohort study performed in 145 ELBWIs on noninvasive mechanical ventilation from a tertiary center.

Results The duration of nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (nIPPV) and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) ventilation was significantly shorter in infants with KMC compared with infants without (21 vs. 13.5 days, p = 0.001 and 29.5 days vs. 20.5 days, p = 0.001, respectively). The frequency of apnea during hospital stay was fewer in KMC infants, compared with no KMC (23 vs. 20 times, p = 0.002). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that KMC was an independent protective factor for shortening nIPPV/CPAP duration (β = −9.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] [−13.20, −6.60], p < 0.001), total supplemental oxygen support (β = −10.52, 95% CI [−16.73, −4.30], p = 0.001), and reducing times of apneas (β = −5.88, 95% CI [−8.56, −3.21], p < 0.001).

Conclusion KMC benefits ELBWIs by shortening nIPPV/CPAP ventilation duration and total supplemental oxygen support, and reducing the frequency of apneas.
Negative carbon dioxide emissions
Authors: Kramer David
Published: January 2020

As the world continues to spew carbon dioxide at record levels, it’s becoming clear that emissions reductions alone can’t prevent the greenhouse gas from rising to dangerous levels.
Classification and typification of Australian lycophytes and ferns based on Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification PPG I
Authors: Field Ashley Raymond
Published: January 2020

The classification and typification of all Australian ferns and lycophytes is updated to reflect the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group I classification and the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, presenting 8 new nomenclatural combinations as well as 85 lectotypifications. The Australian fern and lycophyte flora comprises 2 classes, 14 orders, 32 families, 134 genera and 528 species and subspecies with the addition of 8 newly recorded and 6 newly recognised species since the publication of the Flora of Australia fern volume in 1998. Overall, 208 species are endemic to Australia, with Queensland having the highest species diversity and endemism by state or territory, and Lord Howe Island having the highest concentration of species and endemics per unit area. The Australian fern and lycophyte flora shows diverse links with Africa, Asia and Oceania, with the largest overlaps being shared with Asia and Oceania. More species are endemic to Australia+Oceania than to Australia+Asia. Contrasting with the classification presented in the Flora of Australia, no genera of ferns and lycophytes are now considered to be wholly endemic to Australia.
Computational annotation of miRNA transcription start sites
Authors: Wang Saidi , Talukder Amlan , Cha Mingyu , Li Xiaoman , Hu Haiyan
Published: January 2020

Motivation

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that play important roles in gene regulation and phenotype development. The identification of miRNA transcription start sites (TSSs) is critical to understand the functional roles of miRNA genes and their transcriptional regulation. Unlike protein-coding genes, miRNA TSSs are not directly detectable from conventional RNA-Seq experiments due to miRNA-specific process of biogenesis. In the past decade, large-scale genome-wide TSS-Seq and transcription activation marker profiling data have become available, based on which, many computational methods have been developed. These methods have greatly advanced genome-wide miRNA TSS annotation.

Results

In this study, we summarized recent computational methods and their results on miRNA TSS annotation. We collected and performed a comparative analysis of miRNA TSS annotations from 14 representative studies. We further compiled a robust set of miRNA TSSs (RSmirT) that are supported by multiple studies. Integrative genomic and epigenomic data analysis on RSmirT revealed the genomic and epigenomic features of miRNA TSSs as well as their relations to protein-coding and long non-coding genes.

Contact

xiaoman@mail.ucf.edu, haihu@cs.ucf.edu
Phylogeographical structure of the pygmy shrew: revisiting the roles of southern and northern refugia in Europe
Authors: Vega Rodrigo , McDevitt Allan D , Stojak Joanna , Mishta Alina , Wójcik Jan M , Kryštufek Boris , Searle Jeremy B
Published: January 2020

Southern and northern glacial refugia are considered paradigms that explain the complex phylogeographical patterns and processes of European biota. Here, we provide a revisited statistical phylogeographical analysis of the pygmy shrew Sorex minutus Linnaeus, 1766 (Eulipotyphla, Soricidae), examining its genetic diversity, genetic differentiation and demographic history in the Mediterranean peninsulas and in Western and Central Europe. The results showed support for genetically distinct and diverse phylogeographical groups consistent with southern and northern glacial refugia, as expected from previous studies. We also identified geographical barriers concordant with glaciated mountain ranges during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), early diversification events dated between the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene for the main phylogeographical groups, and recent (post-LGM) patterns of demographic expansions. This study is the most comprehensive investigation of this species to date, and the results have implications for the conservation of intraspecific diversity and the preservation of the evolutionary potential of S. minutus.
Feather mercury increases with feeding at higher trophic levels in two species of migrant raptors, Merlin (Falco columbarius) and Sharp-shinned Hawk (Accipiter striatus)
Authors: Keyel Edward R , Etterson Matthew A , Niemi Gerald J , Evers David C , DeSorbo Christopher R , Hoffman Joel C , Nichols John W , Li Yang , Nicoletti Frank
Published: January 2020

Mercury (Hg) is a toxic heavy metal that, when methylated to form methylmercury (MeHg), bioaccumulates in exposed animals and biomagnifies through food webs. The purpose of this study was to assess Hg concentrations in raptors migrating through the upper midwestern USA. From 2009 to 2012, 966 raptors of 11 species were captured at Hawk Ridge, Duluth, Minnesota, USA. Breast feathers were sampled to determine the concentration of total Hg. Mean Hg concentrations ranged from 0.11 to 3.46 μg g−1 fresh weight across species and were generally higher in raptors that feed on birds in comparison with those that feed on mammals. To evaluate the effect of dietary sources on Hg biomagnification, carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios were measured in feathers of the 2 species with the highest Hg concentrations, Merlin (Falco columbarius) and Sharp-shinned Hawk (Accipiter striatus). Measured δ 13C values were similar in both species and indicated a primarily terrestrial-derived diet, whereas δ 15N values suggested that individual Merlin and Sharp-shinned Hawk feeding at higher trophic levels accumulated higher concentrations of Hg. The risk to birds associated with measured levels of feather Hg was evaluated by calculating blood-equivalent values using an established algorithm. Predicted blood values were then compared to heuristic risk categories synthesized across avian orders. This analysis suggested that while some Merlin and Sharp-shinned Hawk were at moderate risk to adverse effects of MeHg, most of the sampled birds were at negligible or low risk.
Isolated left ventricular apical hypoplasia with myocardial non-compaction: a case report
Authors: Skidan Viktoria I , Kuznetsova Tatiana , Pavlyukova Elena N , Nartsissova Galina P
Published: January 2020

Background

Isolated left ventricular apical hypoplasia (ILVAH) is a rare congenital cardiac abnormality, which might result in severe symptomatic heart failure (HF) with pulmonary hypertension, atrial fibrillation (AF), or malignant ventricular tachycardia in adults.

Case summary

A 32-years-old man presented with exertional dyspnoea New York Heart Association Class II and persistent AF. Echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance showed the presence of (i) spherical remodelling of the left ventricle (LV) with impaired contractile function (three-dimensional ejection fraction, EF 32%); (ii) substitution of apical myocardium by fatty tissue; (iii) abnormal origin of a papillary muscle network; and (iv) an elongated right ventricle, compatible with ILVAH. In addition, non-compacted endomyocardial layer of the LV was observed. Because of a high risk of sudden cardiac death in symptomatic HF patients with reduced EF, an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator was placed which followed by pulmonary vein isolation. After the procedures and restoration of sinus rhythm, the patient demonstrated improvement in HF symptoms and exercise tolerance. This was accompanied by an enhancement of left and right ventricular systolic function by echocardiography. At 6-month, 1, and 2-year follow-up the clinical conditions of the patient and echocardiographic findings remained stable.

Discussion

A rare combination of ILVAH and left ventricular myocardium non-compaction was observed in this young adult who presented with symptomatic HF and persistent AF. The use of consecutive invasive cardiac procedures leads to restoration of sinus rhythm, the improvement of myocardial contractility and clinical manifestation of HF.
The effect of a valved small conduit on systemic ventricle–pulmonary artery shunt in the Norwood-type palliation
Authors: Fujita Shuhei , Yamagishi Masaaki , Maeda Yoshinobu , Itatani Keiichi , Asada Satoshi , Hongu Hisayuki , Yamashita Eijiro , Takayanagi Yuji , Nakatsuji Hiroki , Yaku Hitoshi
Published: January 2020

OBJECTIVES

The aim of this study was to clarify the impact of valved systemic ventricle–pulmonary artery (SV–PA) shunt on outcomes after stage-1 Norwood-type palliation (NP) compared with the modified Blalock–Taussig shunt.

METHODS

Consecutive patients who underwent NP between 2003 and 2019 were enrolled. SV–PA shunts using the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene valved conduit were implanted in 18 patients (valved SV–PA group), and another 18 patients underwent modified Blalock–Taussig shunt during NP (modified Blalock–Taussig shunt group). All valved conduits were made in our institution in advance.

RESULTS

No differences in baseline characteristics were found between the groups, except for shunt size. During a median 2.9 (interquartile range 0.4–6.4, maximum 14.2) years of follow-up, 8 (22.2%) patients died across both groups. There were no statistically significant differences in early mortality (5.5% vs 11.1%, P = 0.55) and overall survival rates at 5 years (80.8% vs 71.4%, P = 0.48) in the valved SV–PA and modified Blalock–Taussig shunt groups. No statistically significant difference was observed in the frequency of interventions between the groups (31% vs 33%, P = 1.0). At the time of the bidirectional Glenn procedure, the systemic ventricular end-diastolic volume index was significantly lower (84 ± 24 vs 106 ± 31 ml/m2, P = 0.05) and the ejection fraction was significantly greater (62 ± 8% vs 55 ± 9%, P = 0.03) in the valved SV–PA group. There was no statistically significant difference in the pulmonary artery index (228 ± 85 vs 226 ± 60 mm2/m2, P = 0.92).

CONCLUSIONS

A valved SV–PA shunt using an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene valved conduit was associated with preserved ventricular function after NP and did not impair pulmonary artery growth by controlling pulmonary regurgitation.
Comorbid Chronic Conditions Among Older Adults with Subjective Cognitive Decline, United States, 2015–2017
Authors: Taylor Christopher A , Bouldin Erin D , Greenlund Kurt J , McGuire Lisa C
Published: January 2020

Background and Objectives

Subjective cognitive decline (SCD), the self-reported experience of worsening or more frequent confusion or memory loss, may be associated with the development or worsening of chronic conditions or complicating their self-management. The objectives of this study were to (i) establish the prevalence of chronic conditions and multiple chronic conditions among adults with SCD, and (ii) compare the prevalence of chronic conditions among people with and without SCD and SCD-related functional limitations.

Research Design and Methods

Data were analyzed from the Cognitive Decline module of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System administered in 49 states, DC, and Puerto Rico during 2015–2017. Analyses included 220,221 respondents aged 45 years or older who answered the SCD screening question and reported their chronic conditions. Weighted estimates were calculated and chi-square tests were used for comparisons.

Results

Persons with a history of stroke, heart disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder had significantly higher prevalence of SCD compared to those without. The prevalence of having at least one chronic condition was higher among adults with SCD compared to adults without SCD in each age group (45–64 years: 77.4% vs 47.1%, p < .001; ≥65 years: 86.3% vs 73.5%, p < .001). Among those with SCD, the prevalence of an SCD-related functional limitation was higher among those with at least one chronic condition compared to those with none (45–64 years: 63.3% vs 42.4%, p < .001; ≥65 years: 40.0% vs 25.1%, p < .001). Only half of adults with SCD and a chronic condition had discussed their SCD with a health care professional.

Discussion and Implications

SCD and chronic conditions commonly co-occur. Having a chronic condition was associated with greater SCD-related functional limitations. SCD might complicate the management of chronic conditions, and patients and providers should be aware of increased risk for cognitive decline in the presence of chronic diseases.
Use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Devices Among the Oldest-Old: Loneliness, Anomie, and Autonomy
Authors: Schlomann Anna , Seifert Alexander , Zank Susanne , Woopen Christiane , Rietz Christian
Published: January 2020

Background and Objectives

A good person–environment-fit has positive effects on well-being in old age. As digital technologies are an integral part of older adults’ environments, we predicted that the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) is associated with subjective well-being among the oldest-old. Specifically, we compared different user groups of ICT devices (nonusers, users of nonweb-connected ICT, users of web-connected ICT) and analyzed the relations among ICT use and three domains of subjective well-being (loneliness, anomie, autonomy).

Research Design and Methods

We performed a quantitative data analysis using data from the first representative state-wide survey study in North-Rhine Westphalia, Germany on quality of life and well-being of the oldest-old (n = 1,698; age range: 80–103; 9% long-term care). Multiple regression analyses were applied.

Results

The findings revealed that 25.9% of all individuals aged 80 years and older reported using web-connected ICT, in contrast to 38.5% who do not use ICT at all. Individuals who used web-connected ICT reported lower levels of loneliness and anomie, and higher levels of autonomy. These differences remain significant when controlling for indicators of social inclusion and individual characteristics.

Discussion and Implications

This study investigated an underexplored group in terms of ICT use, shedding light on the relationship between ICT use and subjective well-being. The oldest-old generally use ICT in their everyday life but an age-related digital divide still exists. To avoid negative consequences of nonuse digital infrastructures and technology training for older adults need to be established.
Adolfo Posada’s Krauso-positivist project of social and political reform: its impact on Spain, Argentina and Uruguay*
Authors: Hentschke Jens R
Published: January 2020

Asturian Adolfo Posada, one of Spain’s leading intellectuals at the turn of the twentieth century, has remained largely unknown. This article uncovers the originality and significance of his theory of the State, in which Krausism merged with social positivism, and his endeavour to establish modern research universities that would form responsible elites and disseminate culture among workers. Intellectual leadership was to ‘Europeanize’ and regenerate the crisis–ridden country and, after 1898, build new relations with Hispanoamerica. The article argues that Posada’s polity and policy suggestions, while limited in their effects on Spain, had significant impact on Argentina and Uruguay.
‘That silken Priest’: Catholic disguise and anti-popery on the English Mission (1569–1640)*
Authors: Johanesen Sarah
Published: January 2020

Disguise was essential for gaining access to Roman Catholic sacraments in post-Reformation England. This article considers the role of such non-devotional materials in confessional conflict and Catholic religious life. It discusses how the materiality and language of clothing, accessories and personal appearance could be used to emphasize disguise, and its wearers, as a threatening force. It then analyses how anti-papal narratives compared to the reality of Catholic disguise strategies, before demonstrating how those strategies complicated Catholic self-representation. Both in conflict with Protestants and intra-Catholic disputes, the materiality of Catholic appearance could become a political weapon.
Approximate controllability of second order nonlocal neutral differential evolution inclusions
Authors: Vijayakumar V , Udhayakumar R , Dineshkumar C
Published: January 2020

In our manuscript, we organize a group of sufficient conditions of approximate controllability for second order nonlocal neutral differential evolution inclusions. Next, we develop the result to analyze approximate controllability of impulsive systems. Lastly, a model is presented for illustration of theory.
Memeing and Speaking Vernacular Security on Social Media: YouTube and Twitter Resistance to an ISIS Islamist Terror Threat to Marseille, France
Authors: Downing Joseph
Published: January 2020

This article intervenes in critical terrorism studies and conceptions of vernacular security to argue that social media has become an important arena for everyday constructions of terrorism and (in)security. Rich, multimodal, social media data provide important means to understand digital forms of everyday constructions of (in)security that discuss, subvert, and parody dominant terrorism and security narratives in the wake of the rise of the Islamic State group. Methodologically, this argument is pursued through a thematic analysis of a YouTube video authored by a French Muslim that defies an ISIS threat to his hometown of Marseille and the resulting, multiauthored Twitter response. By tracking this vernacular discussion of (in)security across social media platforms, this article demonstrates that, while some intertextuality exists, the crossing of platforms changes both the form and substance of security discussions. Within this, symbols, features and properties of the local urban environment of Marseille are the dominant symbolic resources that are utilized, reconstructed, and deployed to structure and subvert everyday discussions of (in)security. The dominant theme that crosses both YouTube and Twitter is that users perceive the French security services as impotent, and that resistance to ISIS can paradoxically only come from local vectors of insecurity, crime, and violence linked to the ongoing proliferation of organized crime in Marseille. This demonstrates not only that the ability of political satire to enable the powerless to resist the powerful applies in the context of (in)security but also that it enables the powerless to resist “powerful” coercive nonstate actors.
Deromanticising integration: On the importance of convivial disintegration
Authors: Meissner Fran , Heil Tilmann
Published: January 2020

In light of current experiences with migration-driven diversification, is it still conducive to think about the effects of international migration by advocating for immigrant integration? This article argues that there are key problems with European uses of immigrant integration logics that cannot be resolved through redefinitions or reappropriations of the term. Even highly refined notions of immigrant integration misconstrue the role and relevance of differences in diversity dynamics. Immigrant integration further risks concealing and perpetuating power dynamics and (colonial) hierarchies. These continue to shape the social relevance of differences. Analytically thinking about superdiversity directs us to paying more attention to disintegration, a notion that cannot be reduced and measured by way of individual or group performance. To be able to usefully engage with disintegration, we argue that it needs to be divorced from ideas about social fragmentation and social collapse. To do this, we draw on recent developments in the literature on conviviality to emphasise the relational practices, power asymmetries, and materialities that enter into negotiations of difference. Convivial disintegration aptly addresses continuously reconfiguring and uncertain social environments. Our article thus provides a deromanticised and enabling provocation for easing integration anxieties.
Efficient dust ring formation in misaligned circumbinary discs
Authors: Aly Hossam , Lodato Giuseppe
Published: January 2020

Binary systems exert a gravitational torque on misaligned discs orbiting them, causing differential precession which may produce disc warping and tearing. While this is well understood for gas-only discs, misaligned cirumbinary discs of gas and dust have not been thoroughly investigated. We perform SPH simulations of misaligned gas and dust discs around binaries to investigate the different evolution of these two components. We choose two different disc aspect ratios: A thin case for which the gas disc always breaks, and a thick one where a smooth warp develops throughout the disc. For each case, we run simulations of five different dust species with different degrees of coupling with the gas component, varying in Stokes number from 0.002 (strongly coupled dust) to 1000 (effectively decoupled dust). We report two new phenomena: First, large dust grains in thick discs pile up at the warp location, forming narrow dust rings, due to a difference in precession between the gas and dust components. These pile ups do not form at gas pressure maxima, and hence are different from conventional dust traps. This effect is most evident for St ∼ 10–100. Secondly, thin discs tear and break only in the gas, while dust particles with St ≥ 10 form a dense dust trap due to the steep pressure gradient caused by the break in the gas. We find that dust with St ≤ 0.02 closely follow the gas particles, for both thin and thick discs, with radial drift becoming noticeable only for the largest grains in this range.
The Effect of Proton Pump Inhibitor Withdrawal on Dabigatran Etexilate Plasma Levels in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: A Washout Study
Authors: Schnierer Martin , Samoš Matej , Bolek Tomáš , Škorňová Ingrid , Nosáková Lenka , Bánovčin Peter , Galajda Peter , Stasko Ján , Kubisz Peter , Hyrdel Rudolf , Mokáň Marián
Published: January 2020

Background:

Several studies demonstrated that proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) co-administrated with dabigatran in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) decreased dabigatran trough and peak plasma levels. However, it is still unknown whether this interaction is reversible or not, and whether the withdrawal of PPI would lead to normalization of dabigatran plasma levels.

Aim of study:

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of PPI withdrawal on dabigatran plasma levels in patients with AF.

Methods:

This pilot prospective study enrolled 23 AF patients on long-term dabigatran and PPI therapy (omeprazole 20 mg twice daily or pantoprazole 40 mg once daily). Dabigatran trough and peak levels (ng/mL) were tested on PPI and after a 2-week period of PPI withdrawal with Hemoclot Thrombin Inhibitor Assay.

Results:

The analysis of dabigatran plasma levels demonstrated significant elevation in trough dabigatran levels after 2 weeks of PPI withdrawal (97.2 ± 79.7 vs. 163.8 ± 105.5 ng/mL; P < 0.05). Moreover, significantly higher peak dabigatran levels were observed after 2 weeks of PPI withdrawal (142.4 ± 102.8 vs. 255 ± 129.5 ng/mL; P ≤ 0.001).

Conclusions:

This study showed that a 2-week period of PPI withdrawal lead to a significant increase in dabigatran trough and peak plasma levels in patients with AF.
Artemisinin Attenuated Atherosclerosis in High-Fat Diet–Fed ApoE−/− Mice by Promoting Macrophage Autophagy Through the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 Pathway
Authors: Cao Qian , Du Hongjiao , Fu Xi , Duan Na , Liu Changhe , Li Xiaodong
Published: January 2020

Artemisinin is an endoperoxide sesquiterpene lactone from Artemisia annua L with multiple beneficial effects, including anti-inflammation, antioxidant, and vascular protection. Recent studies have found that inflammation along with autophagy deficiency in macrophages is the possible reason for foam cell accumulation in the intima, which leads to atherosclerotic plaque formation. The primary aims of this study were to explore the inhibiting effect of artemisinin on atherosclerosis in high-fat diet–fed ApoE−/− mice and investigate the probable mechanism. Artemisinin (50 and 100 mg/kg, intragastric administration) treatment effectively inhibited foamy macrophage transformation and decreased atherosclerotic plaque formation in atherosclerotic mice. Moreover, artemisinin promoted AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, inhibited mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and uncoordinated-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1) phosphorylation, and increased LC-3II accumulation and P62 degradation, thereby enhancing macrophage autophagy. Besides, the inhibiting effect of artemisinin on mTOR and ULK1 phosphorylation could be abrogated by AMPK knockdown, suggesting AMPK was the essential target of artemisinin on promoting macrophage autophagy. Our study indicated that artemisinin alleviated atherosclerotic lesions by accelerating macrophage autophagy through the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway.
BAP1 GERMLINE MUTATION WITH IRIDOCILIOCHOROIDAL MELANOMA AND MALIGNANT PERITONEAL MESOTHELIOMA
Authors: Yaghy Antonio , Lim Li-Anne , Mashayekhi Arman , Shields Carol L.
Published: January 2020

Purpose:

BAP1 germline mutation can promote risk of uveal melanoma and mesothelioma. In this study, we report a patient with BAP1 germline mutation and uveal melanoma who developed a rare form of mesothelioma in the peritoneum.

Method:

Case report.

Results:

A 55-year-old white man noted blurred vision in the left eye. Examination revealed superotemporal episcleral sentinel vessels and a dark brown iris mass suspicious for melanoma, with angle invasion and involvement of the ciliochoroidal region. The tumor measured 14 mm in diameter and 10.3 mm in thickness. A diagnosis of iridociliochoroidal melanoma was rendered and plaque radiotherapy applied. Genetic testing revealed BAP1 germline mutation. At 3.5-year follow-up, tumor control was achieved, but radiation-related complications led to enucleation. At 5.5-year follow-up, incidental findings by laparoscopy revealed multiple peritoneal tumors, histopathologically proven to be malignant peritoneal mesothelioma. Lung evaluation was normal, and there was no melanoma-related or mesothelioma-related metastasis. Likewise, magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen showed no evidence of hepatic metastasis.

Conclusion:

BAP1 tumor predisposition syndrome can promote risk of uveal melanoma and malignant peritoneal mesothelioma. Cancer screening for these malignancies is warranted.
Fibrous Dysplasia-like Lacrimal Sac Tumor Associated With Dacryocystitis
Authors: Charles Norman C. , Hoda Syed T. , Patel Payal , Kim Eleanore T. , Belinsky Irina
Published: January 2020

A 72-year-old woman who presented with right-sided epiphora and conjunctivitis underwent a probing and irrigation procedure with normal results. She improved with antibiotic-steroid drops. A swelling in the medial canthal region completely resolved. One year later, she returned with symptoms of dacryocystitis. An external dacryocystorhinostomy was performed. Characteristic dacryoliths were removed from the sac lumen, and biopsy of the sac wall showed spicules of lamellar bone within a fibrous stroma. Diagnosed as fibrous dysplasia of the lacrimal sac, this rare entity represents the second such case in the literature.

The histopathology of an ossified lacrimal sac resembled fibrous dysplasia of bone and exemplifies the second case of this rare entity in the literature.
Cleaning Products and Work-Related Asthma, 10 Year Update
Authors: Rosenman Kenneth , Reilly Mary Jo , Pechter Elise , Fitzsimmons Kathleen , Flattery Jennifer , Weinberg Justine , Cummings Karen , Borjan Marija , Lumia Margaret , Harrison Robert , Dodd Katelynn , Schleiff Patricia
Published: January 2020

Objective:

To describe the frequency of work-related asthma (WRA) and characteristics of individuals with exposure to cleaning products 1998 to 2012, compared with 1993 to 1997.

Methods:

Cases of WRA from products used for cleaning or disinfecting surfaces were identified from California, Massachusetts, Michigan (1998 to 2012), New Jersey (1998 to 2011), and New York (2009 to 2012).

Results:

There were 1199 (12.4%) cleaning product cases among all 9667 WRA cases; 77.8% women, 62.1% white non-Hispanic, and average age of 43 years. The highest percentages worked in healthcare (41.1%), and were building cleaners (20.3%), or registered nurses (14.1%).

Conclusions:

The percentage of WRA cases from exposure to cleaning products from 1998 to 2012 was unchanged from 1993 to 1997 indicating that continued and additional prevention efforts are needed to reduce unnecessary use, identify safer products, and implement safer work processes.
The Effect of Body Composition and Energy Expenditure on Permethrin Biomarker Concentrations Among US Army National Guard Members
Authors: Scarpaci Matthew M. , Haven Caitlin C. , Maule Alexis L. , Heaton Kristin J. , Taylor Kathryn M. , Rood Jennifer , Ospina Maria , Calafat Antonia M. , Proctor Susan P.
Published: January 2020

Objective:

To examine relationships between percent body fat (%BF) and total energy expenditure (TEE) on permethrin exposure among Army National Guard (ARNG) Soldiers wearing permethrin-treated uniforms.

Methods:

ARNG members (n = 47) participated in a 9-day study. Repeated body composition (height, weight, %BF) measurements and daily urine samples, analyzed for permethrin and N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET) metabolites, were collected. TEE was determined via doubly labeled water protocol. Linear mixed and regression models were used for analyses.

Results:

Neither %BF nor TEE were significantly associated with permethrin or DEET biomarkers. However, a significant interaction effect (F = 10.76; P = 0.0027) between laundering history and %BF was observed; 10% higher %BF was significantly associated with 25% higher permethrin biomarker concentrations among those wearing uniforms washed less than or equal to 25 (compared with more than 25) times.

Conclusions:

Uniform laundering history significantly affects the association between %BF and permethrin-treated uniform exposure.
The Prevalence of Chronic Diseases Among Current and Ex-Miners in the United States
Authors: Arif Ahmed A. , Adeyemi Oluwaseun
Published: January 2020

Objective:

To determine and compare the prevalence and odds of chronic diseases among ex- and current miners.

Methods:

Fourteen-year pooled data from the National Health Interview Survey between 2004 and 2017 were analyzed. Ex- and current miners ages 18 to 64 years were defined based on employment status at the time of National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) interview. We calculated age-adjusted prevalence rates and odds ratios of association of chronic diseases. The analysis was adjusted for respondent's age, sex, race, marital status, poverty–income ratio, health insurance, and smoking status.

Results:

Ex-miners have significantly increased prevalence of most chronic diseases. The age-adjusted prevalence and the adjusted odds of heart disease, cancer, hypertension, diabetes, and psychological stress were significantly higher among ex-miners as compared with current miners.

Conclusions:

Ex-miners have worse health outcomes that may persist for years after leaving the mining industry.
Does Organization Matter for Health? The Association Between Workplace Social Capital and Self-Rated Health
Authors: Han Sehee , Park Kwang Kook , Lee Jong Won
Published: January 2020

Objective:

This study aimed to investigate the association between workplace social capital at the individual and government organizational levels, and self-rated health among public employees in South Korea.

Methods:

We conducted a cross-sectional survey of public employees at government organizations in South Korea from June 2018 to December 2018. In total, 815 respondents in 31 government organizations were analyzed. We fitted two-level random intercept logistic regression models.

Results:

We found that the vertical component of workplace social capital at the individual and organizational levels was positively associated with good self-rated health.

Conclusions:

Our results suggest that decision-makers targeting public interventions at the government organizational level to improve employee health are unlikely to observe an appreciable impact since a relatively small proportion of the variation in self-rated health was attributed to this level.