bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Instability of the Hip Joint After Posterior Acetabular Wall Fracture
Authors: Patel Jay H. , Moed Berton R.
Published: December 2017

Background:

Exact determinants of hip instability have not been established for fractures of the posterior wall of the acetabulum involving ≤50% of the wall. Therefore, examination of the hip under anesthesia (EUA) is routinely performed. Recently, the superior exit point of the fracture has been reported to be an important identifiable risk factor. Pre-existing adult hip dysplasia (developmental dysplasia of the hip [DDH]) is thought to have a similar role. The purpose of this study was to determine if any known radiographic measurements and signs associated with DDH, or any fracture characteristics, are independent risk factors for hip instability after fracture of the posterior wall of the acetabulum.

Methods:

All patients with a posterior acetabular wall fracture (OTA 62.A1) treated at our institution between 2004 and 2015 were considered for the study. Inclusion criteria were an age of ≥18 years, an isolated posterior acetabular wall fracture involving ≤50% of the acetabular wall, adequate imaging, and documented EUA results. Evaluated variables included fracture fragment size, superior exit point of the fracture, center-edge angle, acetabular index, Tönnis angle, lateralized head sign, crossover sign, posterior wall sign, ischial spine sign, and hip version. Data were examined using univariate testing, followed by a multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results:

Sixty-eight patients met all of the inclusion criteria. Univariate analyses identified the posterior wall sign (p = 0.033), ischial spine sign (p = 0.030), and proximity of the superior exit point of the fracture to the acetabular dome (p = 0.044) as having a significant association with hip instability. However, multivariate logistic regression modeling revealed that none of these factors were significant independent risk factors.

Conclusions:

Consistent with previous studies, univariate analyses identified certain radiographic findings as significant risk factors for hip instability in the setting of a fracture of the posterior wall of the acetabulum. However, subsequent multivariate logistic regression modeling showed that no studied variable was an independent risk factor. Our results indicate that important factors leading to hip instability are yet to be identified or the contributions of the measured variables are relatively small. Therefore, EUA should remain the main clinical determinant of hip stability status.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Overlapping and Concurrent Surgery
Authors: Levin Paul E. , Moon Daniel , Payne Diane E.
Published: December 2017

Overlapping and concurrent surgeries form a continuum of simultaneous surgical practice in which a single surgeon has 2 or more patients in operating rooms at the same time. Undeniably, in an acute life-or-limb-threatening presentation, it may be essential for a surgeon to care for 2 individual patients simultaneously. These situations are different from scheduled elective surgery. Concurrent surgery is defined as the attending surgeon not being present for “critical and key” portions of a procedure. Billing for concurrent surgical procedures is a violation of the U.S. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services guidelines. The American College of Surgeons Statement of Principles (April 2016), adopted by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, judges the practice of concurrent surgery to be “inappropriate.” Overlapping surgery, although permissible under regulatory guidelines in the United States, presents substantial professional, bioethical, and legal concerns, and threatens our obligation as orthopaedic surgeons to respect the primacy of patient welfare and an individual’s autonomy.
Celebrating Our Reviewers
Authors: Ackermann Bronwen J
Published: December 2017

At the end of another frantically busy year, I want to take time to thank the many reviewers who have recently contributed to carefully analysing manuscripts submitted to our journal.
Gender Diversity, Sexual Orientation, and Bone Health in the Maturing Dancer
Authors: Brown Derrick D
Published: December 2017

Gender identity forms an important aspect of still developing youths. Gender is traditionally classified into two distinct categories, female and male. Transgender is a general term that describes individuals who self-identity as male, female, both, or neither (i.e., gender fluid) and
do not match the assigned at-birth gender. Adolescent transgender individuals are currently a marginal population. There are limited demographics on youths, but as of 2014 an estimate of 1.4 million adults in the USA identified as transgender. It does seem, however, as more adults embrace
their gender diversity and come out as transgender, in some cases opting for surgical reassignment, more adolescents and families are accepting their diversity. A growing body of research highlights transgender adolescents and their specific medical and mental health needs. This review seeks
to underscore physiological phenomena relevant to trans-individuals, particularly in adolescents maturing into young adults, and disseminate this knowledge to dance, health, and education professionals.
Eating Disorders in Non-Dance Performing Artists: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Kapsetaki Marianna E , Easmon Charlie
Published: December 2017

PURPOSE: Previous literature on dancers and athletes has shown a large impact of eating disorders (EDs) on these individuals, but there is limited research on EDs affecting non-dance performing artists (i.e., musicians, actors, etc.). This systematic review aimed to identify and evaluate
the literature on EDs in non-dance performing artists. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was performed on 24 databases, using search terms related to EDs and non-dance performing artists. All results from the databases were systematically screened for inclusion and exclusion criteria.
RESULTS: The initial search returned 86,383 total articles, which after screening and removal of duplicates and irrelevant papers yielded 129 results. After screening the 129 full-text results for eligibility, 10 studies met criteria for inclusion: 6 papers addressed EDs in musicians, and
4 papers addressed EDs in theatre performers. Most studies used questionnaires and body mass index (BMI) as diagnostic tools for EDs. Most were small-scale studies and participants were mostly students. Because of the studies’ heterogeneity and varying quality, the results obtained were
often contradictory and questionable. CONCLUSIONS: Although there has been a lot of literature in dancers, we found relatively few studies associating EDs with other performing artists, and most were inconsistent in their information.
A GASTRONOMIA NO CONTEXTO DA HOTELARIA HOSPITALAR: UM ESTUDO DE CASO NA CIDADE DO RIO DE JANEIRO, RJ, BRASIL.
Authors: Pinto Claudia Conceição , Alves Emilaura Alves
Published: December 2017

Diante da tendência mercadológica, as organizações de saúde buscam inserir a gastronomia no âmbito hospitalar, no intuito de garantir a satisfação e fidelizar os clientes, aderindo e conciliando as ferramentas da indústria de serviços, concebendo um novo conceito de bem receber. A gastronomia está associada à habilidade no preparo dos alimentos, tornando as refeições mais saborosas, estimulando o prazer pela refeição. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar quais as principais características da gastronomia hospitalar e como ela estava organizada em uma instituição de saúde privada da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de uma lista de observação e questionários aplicados na unidade de alimentação e nutrição. Foi possível afirmar que o desenvolvimento do conceito da gastronomia hospitalar requer um conjunto de ações tais como: recursos materiais adequados à proposta do cardápio, profissionais qualificados que em seu trabalho utilizem técnicas e métodos da gastronomia e serviços de qualidade aos clientes. Concluiu-se que muitas adaptações precisam ser feitas para um sistema gastronômico hospitalar, mas a rentabilidade proporcionada pode ser compensador.
A POLÍTICA DE FOMENTO À CRIAÇÃO DOS NÚCLEOS DE INOVAÇÕES TECNOLÓGICAS APLICADA ÀS INSTITUIÇÕES HOSPITALARES – O CASO “FHEMIG-INOVA”
Authors: Capanema Flávio Diniz , Andrade Ane Graziela Ferreira , Martins Bruna Jacomini , Dos Santos Paola Souza
Published: December 2017

O processo de Inovação Tecnológica perpassa a realidade econômica mundial, configurando-se como fator estratégico e de soberania nacional. Com a implantação da Lei da Inovação em 2004, e mais recentemente, do Código de Ciência e Inovação em 2016, o Brasil tem buscado incentivar a criação dos Núcleos de Inovação Tecnológica (NITs) dentro das Instituições de Pesquisa Científica e Tecnológica de todo o país. Os NITs são órgãos responsáveis por criar, estimular e proteger a inovação tecnológica, atendendo às demandas do mercado, com a função primordial de fomentar a política de inovação e proteção intelectual no país. A área da saúde ainda apresenta poucas ações de gestão voltadas para o fomento da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação em suas instituições e com escassez de atuação de NITs no setor hospitalar em especial. Este artigo visa relatar o processo de criação de um NIT na Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais (FHEMIG), sua atuação com agente responsável pela gestão da política de inovação e seus resultados alcançados desde a sua criação. Trata-se de ação pioneira, sendo a única entidade unicamente hospitalar a constituir um NIT em Minas Gerais.
Load rejection transient with joint closing law of ball-valve and guide vane for two units in pumped storage power station
Authors: Li Xiaoqin , Tang Xuelin , Shi Xiaoyan , Chen Honghao , Li Changsheng
Published: December 2017

It is more dangerous for the units sharing the same division pipeline system than those sharing individual system during the load rejection transient for a high water head pumped storage station. A new mathematical model for the load rejection transient in these two units sharing the same division pipeline was proposed using method of internal characteristic (MIC). The transient relationship between the geometric parameters and working parameters was established based on the dynamic equations of the hydraulic machinery. Meanwhile, the calculation of the load rejection transient was accomplished and compared with field experimental data from a pumped storage power station. The relative errors of the maximum rotational speed of the two units between the predicted results and the experimental data were −5.9% and −4.44%, respectively, and the relative errors of the maximum rising of hydraulic pressure were −6.7% and −6.98%, respectively. The results met with the design specification requirements, which indicated that the proposed new MIC could completely predict the load rejection transient in these two units with joint closing law of ball-valve and guide vane, and the corresponding calculated results were acceptable and reliable. The MIC is also applicable to the transient investigation of hydraulic systems with hydraulic machinery.
The floods of December 2015 in northern England: description of the events and possible implications for flood hydrology in the UK
Authors: Spencer Peter , Faulkner Duncan , Perkins Ian , Lindsay David , Dixon Guy , Parkes Matthew , Lowe Andrew , Asadullah Anita , Hearn Kim , Gaffney Liam , Parkes Adam , James Richard
Published: December 2017

In December 2015, northern England experienced two major flooding events with extreme, even in some locations unprecedented, rainfalls and flooding. New 24-, 36-, and 48-hour UK rainfall records were created of 341.4, 401.4, and 405.2 mm, respectively. Three river-flow gauging stations, with flows of around 1,700 m3/s exceeded the previous peak flow record for England and Wales. There was widespread flooding, including major towns and cities, some of which had recent flood alleviation schemes. In Cumbria, the flood events in 2005, 2009 and 2015 compared with previous and historical events raise questions about the stationarity of the flood data and flood-producing mechanisms. These possible effects are less apparent elsewhere in northern England. This paper discusses whether present methods of estimating flood risk are able to cope with such extreme events and suggests topics for future research. In the meantime, for studies where flood estimates are important, practical hydrologists are faced with the difficult task of producing design flood estimates which fit with our understanding of these events.
Improving streamflow forecast using optimal rain gauge network-based input to artificial neural network models
Authors: Adhikary Sajal Kumar , Muttil Nitin , Yilmaz Abdullah Gokhan
Published: December 2017

Accurate streamflow forecasting is of great importance for the effective management of water resources systems. In this study, an improved streamflow forecasting approach using the optimal rain gauge network-based input to artificial neural network (ANN) models is proposed and demonstrated through a case study (the Middle Yarra River catchment in Victoria, Australia). First, the optimal rain gauge network is established based on the current rain gauge network in the catchment. Rainfall data from the optimal and current rain gauge networks together with streamflow observations are used as the input to train the ANN. Then, the best subset of significant input variables relating to streamflow at the catchment outlet is identified by the trained ANN. Finally, one-day-ahead streamflow forecasting is carried out using ANN models formulated based on the selected input variables for each rain gauge network. The results indicate that the optimal rain gauge network-based input to ANN models gives the best streamflow forecasting results for the training, validation and testing phases in terms of various performance evaluation measures. Overall, the study concludes that the proposed approach is highly effective to achieve the enhanced streamflow forecasting and could be a viable option for streamflow forecasting in other catchments.
Bias-aware data assimilation in integrated hydrological modelling
Authors: Ridler Marc-Etienne , Zhang Donghua , Madsen Henrik , Kidmose Jacob , Refsgaard Jens C. , Jensen Karsten H.
Published: December 2017

One of the major challenges in hydrological data assimilation applications is the presence of bias in both models and observations. The present study uses the ensemble transform Kalman filtering (ETKF) method and an observational bias estimation technique to estimate groundwater hydraulic heads. The study was carried out in a relatively complex, groundwater dominated, catchment in Denmark using the MIKE SHE model code. The method is implemented and evaluated using synthetic data and subsequently tested against real observations. The results from the synthetic experiments show that the bias-aware filter outperforms the standard filter, with improved state estimate and correct bias estimate. The assimilation using real observations further demonstrates the robustness of bias-aware ETKF, and the potential improvements using integrated hydrological modelling. Furthermore, the experiments with assimilating over different depths show that the state estimates depend on correlation across layers.
The time–temperature relationship for the inactivation of Ascaris eggs
Authors: Naidoo D. , Foutch G. L.
Published: December 2017

A time–temperature plot presenting the inactivation of Ascaris eggs is expanded with additional literature data. The information is of value to designers and operators of sanitation equipment who have Ascaris inactivation as an objective.
Dynamic Localization of Hepatocellular Transporters: Role in Biliary Excretion and Impairment in Cholestasis
Authors: Roma Marcelo G. , Barosso Ismael R. , Miszczuk Gisel S. , Crocenzi Fernando A. , Pozzi Enrique J. Sánchez
Published: December 2017

Bile flow generation is driven by the vectorial transfer of osmotically active compounds from sinusoidal blood into a confined space, the bile canaliculus. Hence, localization of hepatocellular transporters relevant to bile formation is crucial for bile secretion. Hepatocellular transporters are localized either in the plasma membrane or in recycling endosomes, from where they can be relocated to the plasma membrane on demand, or endocytosed when the demand decreases. The balance between endocytic internalization/ exocytic targeting to/from this recycling compartment is therefore the main determinant of the hepatic capability to generate bile, and to dispose endo- and xenobiotics. Furthermore, the exacerbated endocytic internalization is a common pathomechanisms in both experimental and human cholestasis; this results in bile secretory failure and, eventually, posttranslational transporter downregulation by increased degradation. This review summarizes the proposed structural mechanisms accounting for this pathological condition (e.g., alteration of function, localization or expression of F-actin or F-actin/transporter cross-linking proteins, and switch to membrane microdomains where they can be readily endocytosed), and the mediators implicated (e.g., triggering of “cholestatic” signaling transduction pathways). Lastly, we discussed the efficacy to counteract the cholestatic failure induced by transporter internalization of a number of therapeutic experimental approaches based upon the use of compounds that trigger exocytic targetting of canalicular transporters (e.g., cAMP, tauroursodeoxycholate). This therapeutics may complement treatments aimed to transcriptionally improve transporter expression, by affording proper localization and membrane stability to the de novo synthesized transporters.
New Insights into Adipokines as Potential Biomarkers for Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Catalina Marta Olivera-Santa , Redondo Pedro C. , Granados Maria P. , Cantonero Carlos , Sanchez-Collado Jose , Albarran Letizia , Lopez Jose J.
Published: December 2017

A large number of studies have been focused on investigating serum biomarkers associated with risk or diagnosis of type-2 diabetes mellitus. In the last decade, promising studies have shown that circulating levels of adipokines could be used as a relevant biomarker for diabetes mellitus progression as well as therapeutic future targets. Here, we discuss the possible use of recently described adipokines, including apelin, omentin-1, resistin, FGF-21, neuregulin-4 and visfatin, as early biomarkers for diabetes. In addition, we also include recent findings of other well known adipokines such as leptin and adiponectin. In conclusion, further studies are needed to clarify the pathophysiological significance and clinical value of these biological factors as potential biomarkers in type-2 diabetes and related dysfunctions.
Ezqsar: An R Package for Developing QSAR Models Directly From Structures
Authors: Shamsara Jamal
Published: December 2017

Background:

Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) is a difficult computational chemistry approach for beginner scientists and a time consuming one for even more experienced researchers.

Method and Materials:

Ezqsar which is introduced here addresses both the issues. It considers important steps to have a reliable QSAR model. Besides calculation of descriptors using CDK library, highly correlated descriptors are removed, a provided data set is divided to train and test sets, descriptors are selected by a statistical method, statistical parameter for the model are presented and applicability domain is investigated.

Results:

Finally, the model can be applied to predict the activities for an extra set of molecules for a purpose of either lead optimization or virtual screening. The performance is demonstrated by an example.

Conclusion:

The R package, ezqsar, is freely availableviahttps://github.com/shamsaraj/ezqsar, and it runs on Linux and MS-Windows.
Valorization of Building Retrofitting Waste as Alternative Materials in Gypsums
Authors: Del Río Merino Mercedes , Astorqui Jaime Santa Cruz , Sáez Paola Villoria , Arrebola Carmen Viñas , Sánchez Antonio Rodríguez , Amores César Porras
Published: December 2017

Introduction:

The lack of treatment of construction demolition waste (CDW) is a problem that must be solved immediately. It is estimated that the unused CDW generates an increase in the use of new materials close to 20% of the total materials consumed worldwide. Because of that, the use of CDW in building materials is an interesting alternative to guarantee their application. In the last years, many research works are being carried out in order to analyze the viability of using CDW as a substitute for the traditional raw materials that cause high environmental impact.

However, much remains to be done, because these works generally characterize materials but not specific applications that allow the agents of construction to provide assurance required by the projects.

Aim:

The research group TEMA from the School of Building Construction (UPM) is working on this topic with the University of Seville, University of Burgos and the University of Zaragoza, developing a research project called "Waste to resources (W2R)". The main goal of the project is to develop new materials, elements and construction systems, manufactured with CDW generated in building retrofitting works, to be used in improving the energy efficiency of buildings.

Results:

In this article, some of the results of the W2R project are presented, namely the identification, quantification and characterization of the types of waste generated in renovation works to improve the energy efficiency of buildings and their possible applications as fillers in plasters to improve the performance of the original materials with a significant reduction in raw material, and thus reduce the environmental impact.

Conclusions:

Concrete and ceramics are the most commonly generated waste categories in building rehabilitation works to improve the energy efficiency of the buildings. These waste categories are generated during the preparation of the surface prior to the execution of the works. Also, mixed waste from insulation materials can be highlighted due to its volume.
Environmental Improvement in Use of Fine Fraction Recycled Aggregates as a Raw Material in Masonry Mortar Fabrication
Authors: Cortina Mariano González , Martínez Pablo Saiz , Martínez Francisco Fernández
Published: December 2017

Background:

Great use of raw material and natural resources as well as generation of huge amount of waste make the construction and building sector one of the less sustainable human activities.

Objective:

The main aim of this research is to study both technical feasibility and environmental sustainability of fine fraction recycled aggregates (RA) use in masonry mortar fabrication. Method. The tests were developed using the binder CEM IV/B (V) 32.5 N and two types of RA: ceramic RA and concrete RA. The substitution percentages were 50%, 75% and 100% and cement-to-aggregate by dry weight proportions were 1:3 and 1:4.

Results:

Performed tests show that cement-based mortars fabricated with CEM IV/B (V) 32. 5 N can incorporate concrete and ceramic recycled aggregates, using both cement-to-aggregate proportions, complying with the limits established by the Spanish standards. On the other hand, carbon footprint calculation of one of the RA used in the research and a comparative study with natural aggregate (NA) carbon footprint were carried out to analyze environmental sustainability of fine fraction RA. Conclusion. The results show that the amount of kgCo2eq released into the atmosphere as a result of RA fabrication is significantly lower compared with the emissions from NA fabrication, and therefore the use of this type of waste reduces greenhouse gas emissions.
Bio-Composites to Tackle UK Built Environment Carbon Emissions: Comparative Analysis on Load-Bearing Capacity, Hygroscopic and Thermal Performance of Compressed Earth Blocks with Addition of Industrial Hemp Waste
Authors: Minguela Alberto Fernandez
Published: December 2017

Background:

The built environment contributes up to 47% of the UK’s CO2emissions. Typically, building materials have an energy intensive life cycle. The UK construction industry generated 100 million tonnes of total waste in 2012. Only half of this was diverted from landfill. Facing this scenario, a mainstream transition towards biological materials in the building sector is encouraged to reduce embodied energy and carbon and to divert construction waste from landfill.

Objective:

This research aims to inform UK producers that there are available bio-composite materials for construction that can meet the mainstream requirements.

Method:

This paper analyses the effect of the addition of waste from industrial hemp agriculture to Earth Blocks on the performance of building products. To avoid potentially negative consequences of food displacement, an agricultural by-product from industrial hemp production was used. Hemp was also selected due to its known superior hygrothermal performance.

In the study, fine hemp shiv was added to Compressed Earth Blocks’ mix following three different Earth/Hemp ratios (75/25; 62.5/37.5; 50/50) also a control series. The compressive strength, conductivity and moisture performance were tested, analysed and then compared with the mainstream values.

Results:

The results revealed that blocks’ load-bearing capacity reduced and thermal conductivity also reduced, hence increasing its insulation capacity. The moisture performance also reduced as hemp ratio increased. In comparison with the mainstream products, the results comply with the standard requirements. Thermal capacity overperformed mainstream products.

Conclusion:

A closed loop approach for the construction industry is possible. Bio-composite materials offer the industry an option for the reduction of embodied energy, carbon emissions and construction waste, while meeting industry standards and building regulations.
Power, Conflict and Democracy: The Analytical Framework
Authors: Törnquist Olle
Published: December 2017

The point of departure for the Power, Conflict and Democracy Programme (PCD) is the critique of the two conventional explanations for the problems of democratisation in the global South for being empirically mistaken and based on narrow and static theory. We argue that the root causes for the crisis of democratisation are neither poor application of the mainstream model (emphasising elitist pacts and institution-building in return for more privatisation and self management), nor that democracy is premature due the lack of sufficient preconditions. Rather, the more fundamental dilemma is the depoliticisation of democracy and the fact that the paradigms are unable to conceptualise the problems and options involved. This inability is because the proponents of both the dominant arguments agree on a narrow definition of democracy in terms of freedoms and fair election - and then either neglect the basic conditions or say they have to be created beforehand by other means. The result is that both paradigms exlude by definition approaches that focus less on democratic rules of the game in themselves and more on how these institutions may be used and expanded in favour of improved social, economic, and other condition. Given that such social democratic oriented paths have been quite important, especially in the transition of the previously poor Scandinavian countries into welfare states and that adapted versions are now gaining ground in paradigmatic cases such as Brazil, there is an obvious need to widen the perspective.
Why the Proportional Representation System Fails to Promote Minority Interests?
Authors: Thaheer Minna
Published: December 2017

Proportional representation (PR) is favoured as the most suitable form of electoral system for multi-ethnic societes because it allows every vote to be counted. It, therefore, provides a strong incentive for minority parties and other political groups to promote their political articulations. This article examines the PR system in contemporary Sri Lankan politics. It argues that the executive presidential system has negated the efficacy of the PR system in promoting minority parties and has had disastrous consequences in their political fortunes. The PR system has enabled Muslim communities to elect Muslim representatives from their own province. Spesifically, this article emphasizes the dynamics of the political fortunes of the Sri Lanka Muslim Congress (SLMC), which seeks to give a voice to the minority Muslim communities concentrated in the Eastern Province.
Struggle to Gain Representation: Mixed Politics in Democratising Indonesia
Authors: Pratikno Pratikno , Kurniawan Nanang Indra
Published: December 2017

Democratisation in post-Suharto Indonesia has significantly improved political participation, lifting expectation of bringing better political representation. However, various studies prove that such representation is unable to be immediately achieved since the existing democratic institutions remain dominated by oligarchic groups. The societal struggle to gain representation, therefore, is increasingly becoming a critical issue in contemporary Indonesian politics. This article discusses the dynamics of such struggle through the strategy that we have developed and called 'mixed politics'. This refers to the blurring of borders between civil and political society, as well as formal and informal institutions.
Proliferation of Local Governments in Indonesia: Identity Politics within a Troubled Nation State
Authors: Santoso Purwo
Published: December 2017

This article aims to scrutinise the phenomenon of proliferation of local government units in Indonesia in order to understand how identity politics has evolved within and through the process of decentralization. In doing so, there are several points to make. The numbers of districts and municipalities in Indonesia have doubled within six years. Local governments have proliferated in the sense that the numbers of local government units have multiplied rapidly in such a short period. There were 'only' a little bit more than 200 units when Suharto stepped down in 1998, and that had more than doubled to 466 units in 2006. Interestingly, this took place in an absence of a definite plan, as the state showed its enthusiasm for decentralisation and a bottom-up process of decision-making. First, the state can no longer maintain its hegemonic role. Under the regimes of Sukarno and Suharto, the state possessed relatively effective technocratic and bureaucratic apparatus that ensured effective control over its people and agenda. Through technocratically equipped bureaucracies the state mobilised certain kinds of discourse that, in turn, defined what was deemed proper under the banner of ethnic and religious solidarity. Second, local elites play critical roles in the process of proliferation. Moreover, in many cases their roles have reversed since the fall of the New Order. Previously, they were co-opted by the state but now, they are co-opting the state. Why is that so? The state is well aware of and even too sensitive to the potential of ethnic-based, race-motivated conflicts, as well as secession (Wellman 2005). Indeed, conflicts did take place quite extensively in Indonesia for that reason. As a result, the state opts to accomodate the interests of local elites instead of confronting them. In other words, proliferation of local government serves as a strategy for preventing political disintegration. Local autonomy is currently the best available solution to ethnic conflict in Indonesia (Bertrand 2004). Third, the proliferation of local governments confirms the importance of territoriality or territorial attachment (Kahler and Walter 2006). Territory serves as a basis for identity politics. By establishing a new set of local governments, the central government still retains territorial control and, at the same time, local activists also have an opportunity to do so.
Rethinking Popular Representation: Charting New Territory (A Book Review)
Authors: Ambardi Kuskridho
Published: December 2017

This article is a book review of Rethinking Popular Representation (2009). The book has a concern in the quality of democratic practices in the world of democracies, in particular democracies of the 'Global South'. It focuses on the concept of representation. It also surveys many cases which promise detailed accounts of each case. Despite its achievements, this review also shows that the book has some pitfalls.
Remedies to Challenge Arbitral Awards in Pakistan
Authors: Mukhtar Sohaib , Mastoi Shafqat Mahmood Khan
Published: December 2017

Available remedies to challenge arbitral awards in Pakistan are modification, remission, annulment and revocation of recognition and enforcement. Arbitration is a method through which disputing parties resolve their disputes outside the Court by avoiding technicalities of procedural law. If there is irregularity regarding process and procedure of arbitral tribunal, parties to an arbitration agreement may apply against it in the Court. Arbitrator files an arbitral award in the Court after completion of arbitral proceedings. If arbitral award is domestic and comes under ambit of Civil Court, arbitrator files arbitral award there but in case of foreign arbitral award, parties to arbitration agreement are required to file arbitral award with arbitration agreement and in case if arbitral award and arbitration agreement are not in official language of Pakistan, translation in official language is required to be submitted before High Court for implementation of arbitral award in Pakistan. Aggrieved party to arbitration agreement may challenge arbitral award before the Court for modification under section 15, for remission under section 16 and for setting aside under section 30 of the Arbitration Act 1940. Recognition and enforcement of an arbitral award may be challenged under article 5 of the New York Convention 1958. The UNCITRAL Model Law 1985 and other relevant International Conventions are not applicable in Pakistan thus aggrieved party may not avail grounds mentioned in these Statutes for modification, remission, setting aside and revocation. Pakistan is an Islamic country hence no award can be implemented in Pakistan if it is against injunctions of Islam under the light of Holy Quran and Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad ï·º which comes under ambit of public policy which is one of the grounds for revocation of recognition and enforcement of an arbitral award in Pakistan.
Social Factors & Waste Disposal Practices among Residents of Akungba Akoko, Ondo State
Authors: Femi Rufus TINUOLA
Published: December 2017

The increasing numerical strength of the people inhabiting Akungba Akoko community due to the influx of staff and studentsâ€™ population, occasioned by the citing of the State University in the community, is directly proportional to the increasing volume of solid waste generated from human activities. This raises concerns about the effectiveness of the waste management strategies put in place public and private institutions to ensure appropriate disposal because if its implication on the human's health and wellness. This study examined some social factors influencing of waste disposal practices among residents of Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State Nigeria. A double-staged random sampling was adopted to select the respondents in a dual process. Akungba was stratified into three zones (A, B &C) on the basis of core-cultural characteristics of the residents, using the Stratified Random Sampling. Zone A consists of residential areas accommodating the State University Students, Zone B consists of the areas where there are mixtures of both students and indigenes while Zone C consists of areas of high concentration of pure indigenous settlers. Simple Random Sampling Technique was then used to select 55 respondents from each of the zones making a total of 165 respondents for the entire study. The instrument, a structured questionnaire, titled Social factors & Waste Disposal Practices (SDWDPs) which contained both open and closed ended questions on Waste Disposal Practices was used to elicit data from the selected respondents. The instrument was validated through a pre-test survey, and a reliability co-efficient of 0.98 was achieved using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Co-efficient. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and were presented using descriptive and inferential statistical tools. Respondents' Level of Education, Pattern and Status of Residence and Age of respondents influenced the nature and pattern of waste disposal practices. The need to enforce relevant Waste Management Laws, in addition to engaging in a more enlightenment campaign on healthy waste disposal practices is recommended among others, towards the prevention of morbidity arising from poor management of wastes.
El papel del Congreso Local Estudiantil en las iniciativas de unidad latinoamericana del Constitucionalismo (1916-1918)
Authors: Pulido García David Antonio
Published: December 2017

Durante el gobierno de Venustiano Carranza se adelantó una iniciativa diplomática y a la vez intelectual para Latinoamérica, que consistía en nombrar como pensionados estudiantiles a destacados jóvenes universitarios en las legaciones mexicanas de cinco países suramericanos (Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Uruguay y Colombia), con el fin de fomentar el diálogo e intercambio culturales entre ellos y los jóvenes intelectuales universitarios de los países que los recibían. El objetivo del presente artículo es reconstruir la forma en que esta iniciativa se gestó y se puso en marcha, planteando la hipótesis de que dicha iniciativa constituyó parte importante de la política de unidad latinoamericana adelantada por el gobierno constitucionalista, hipótesis que será verificada a lo largo del texto.
Representaciones de la nación en el ensayo argentino. Una lectura crítica a la centralidad pampeana
Authors: Elbirt Ana Laura
Published: December 2017

En este artículo se examina el rol estratégico del ensayismo argentino en la construcción de una identidad nacional, abarcando tres períodos: la Generación de 1837, la Generación de 1880 y el movimiento del Centenario de la República. Asimismo,  se recupera la perspectiva de un intelectual “extracéntrico”, Bernardo Canal Feijóo, quien critica al ensayismo de supuesta temática nacional, afirmando que la literatura argentina es la expresión de una sola porción del país: el litoral o la pampa. Se analiza su ensayo de “regionalización” de las producciones culturales, privilegiando un área compleja y dinámica: el “noroeste” argentino.
Centellas sagradas. El culto al rayo en los Andes centrales
Authors: Limón Olvera Silvia
Published: December 2017

A través de diversos documentos de los siglos xvi y xvii, en este artículo se analiza el culto que rindieron al dios del rayo los llacuaces, antiguos pobladores de la sierra central y norcentral de Perú. El objetivo del trabajo es mostrar cómo las creencias y prácticas rituales de los habitantes de esa región sirvieron como eje rector e incidieron en la jerarquía social de esas comunidades. La investigación arrojó como resultado que los ancestros fueron equiparados con el dios patrono, mientras que sus descendientes justificaron su posición privilegiada dentro de la sociedad a través de ese parentesco.
Literatura y poder: García Márquez en México (1961-2014)
Authors: Pineda Buitrago Sebastián
Published: December 2017

El objetivo de este artículo es explorar parte del contexto intelectual alrededor de la obra periodística o de no-ficción del escritor colombiano Gabriel García Márquez (1927-2014) a partir de su estancia en México entre 1961 y 2014. Dos preguntas se intentarán contestar en este artículo: 1) ¿Por qué, a pesar de haber residido tanto tiempo en México, el escritor colombiano poco opinó sobre la realidad mexicana? 2) ¿Hay realmente una diferencia entre el “realismo mágico” de sus novelas y la referencialidad histórica de sus crónicas o artículos periodísticos?
Frontera en disputa
Authors: Salazar Barrón Sergio
Published: December 2017

En este artículo se conceptualiza la frontera como una tecnología biopolítica que divide y controla a la población en favor del desarrollo sostenible.
Historia de un monumento antifascista involuntario: el muro de Berlín
Authors: Gandler Stefan
Published: December 2017

Esta entrevista busca indagar en una noción generalizada con respecto a la banalización de los muros: se piensa que su materialidad es el problema y su derrumbe, la solución. Sin embargo, los muros y las fronteras afirman una serie de ideologías que vencen o perecen y que se olvidan cuando simplificamos acontecimientos sociales, políticos, económicos y geográficos. La "caída" del muro de Berlín pasó a las nuevas generaciones mediante un imaginario de emancipación: un logro "inmenso" en favor de la unificación del capitalismo en el mundo.
El muro no es la respuesta
Authors: Luiz Lara Fernando
Published: December 2017

Desde que inició la campaña presidencial de 2016 en Estados Unidos, la inmigración ha sido un asunto central. La propuesta de Donald Trump sobre construir un muro entre México y Estados Unidos, así como el llamado a deportar inmigrantes indocumentados, fijaron la atención de aquel país en la compleja problemática que rodea la frontera con México. Tan pronto como tomó posesión en enero pasado, Trump agravó su retórica aislacionista al ordenar la construcción del muro y prohibir la entrada a visitantes de siete naciones musulmanas.
En colaboración con la Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL) en Monterrey, dediqué el semestre pasado de la clase de proyecto y diseño a trabajar en proponer la infraestructura necesaria para realizar justo lo contario: permitir que la gente cruce libremente entre México y Estados Unidos. Antes de revisar a detalle las propuestas diseñadas en Austin y Monterrey, reflexionaremos sobre las nociones de muros y fronteras.
Fronteras, bordes y espacios de encuentro. Un análisis sobre la fragmentación urbana
Authors: Hernández Dorantes Diego
Published: December 2017

En la ciudad existen diversas formas de habitar e interactuar que responden a las culturas urbanas que la conforman.1 En este sentido no es homogénea, sino fragmentaria y polivalente; dentro de esta diversidad se evidencian límites entre grupos distintos.
Para algunos antropólogos, dichos límites comienzan con nosotros mismos, con aquello que nos representa y aquello que nos representó, y es mediante tales elementos que construimos
nuestra identidad.2 Esta separación entre lo que nos resulta y lo que nos resultaba familiar permite identificar lo que sentimos como nuestro espacio. Los límites en cuestión también responden a lo que somos y a lo que dejamos de ser, por lo cual nuestras fronteras nos permiten conocernos y dar a conocer lo que somos por medio de diferencias y similitudes con otros individuos. Esta forma de entender los límites les brinda una condición flexible y dinámica,
pues a través de ellos nos reconocemos y nos diferenciamos en un acto continuo; así como nosotros cambiamos, éstos pueden transformarse. Sin embargo, no todos los límites que generamos
mantienen estas condiciones. En el entorno nos encontramos a menudo con fronteras que condicionan nuestros modos de vida de manera diferente a lo esperado.
Materialización de las fronteras
Authors: Rojas Domínguez Nataly , Pilawa Tomasz
Published: December 2017

En 2015, la onu declaró que el mundo se encuentra sumido en la crisis más aguda de relaciones internacionales
y humanitarias de los últimos años.1 Una nueva etapa en la historia de la humanidad comenzó a escribirse, la cual se caracteriza por numerosos muros construidos y proyectados durante 2015 (diez construidos y cinco proyectados). De tal suerte, el muro se transformó en otro recurso del
abanico estratégico para solucionar los problemas que aquejan a determinadas poblaciones.
Por desgracia, la afirmación de la onu referida continúa vigente hasta el día de hoy. Las guerras por territorio, poder o rutas comerciales prevalecen. De acuerdo con el Banco Mundial, la pobreza ha disminuido;2 no obstante, sigue encabezando la lista de causas de migración. Las posturas extremistas,
lejos de erradicarse, incrementan las cifras de discriminación, racismo y segregación socioespacial.
En este contexto, la reciente victoria de Donald Trump despertó la inquietud mundial por entender ¿qué pasa con los muros que separan naciones, ciudades, comunidades y familias? ¿Cuál es su función? ¿Cumplen con sus objetivos realmente? ¿Cuántos muros hay en el mundo? Estas preguntas guían el presente texto, el cual identifica y expone diferentes muros polémicos así como aquellos que no se mencionan con frecuencia por la escasa difusión de su existencia en los medios de comunicación
masivos.
Long-term Effects of a Health Literacy Curriculum for Family Medicine Residents
Authors: Coleman Cliff , Peterson-Perry Sylvia , Sachdeva Bhavaya , Kobus Amy , Garvin Roger
Published: December 2017

Introduction: Improving education about health literacy for health care professionals has been recommended, and many US family medicine residency programs have developed such curricula. Few studies have evaluated the effectiveness of health literacy curricula for health care professionals. This pilot study aimed to determine whether a longitudinal health literacy curriculum for family medicine residents could achieve long-term sustained improvements in health literacy knowledge and clear communication practices.
Methods: Self-reported pre- and postassessments were conducted for a series of four health literacy didactic and experiential trainings over 11 months with a cohort of 12 first-year family medicine residents (study adequately powered for cohort of 10 or more).
Results: Five out of five health literacy knowledge items showed sustained significant improvement immediately after the initial didactic training. Two out of eight clear communication behaviors (eliciting patients’ questions through an open-ended approach, and using a teach-back method to check for patients’ understanding) showed sustained significant improvements in the 11-month follow-up period. The remaining six behaviors demonstrated a saw-tooth pattern, wherein each training session produced improvements in planned behaviors, which were, however, not maintained at subsequent follow-up assessments.
Conclusions: These data suggest that residents learned the cognitive material related to health literacy and clear communication easily, but had difficulty integrating many trained skills into clinical practice, despite the use of experiential learning techniques. Future studies should use an observational design to assess clear communication behaviors, and should include assessment of potential barriers to implementing clear communication skills in clinical practice.
Ethnographic Field School Teaching and Learning in the Face of Societal Transformation: An Example from Rio de Janeiro
Authors: White Cassandra
Published: December 2017

“Come to the street!” (“Vem pra rua!”)  This has been one of the most powerful slogans of protest since Brazilians in large numbers have begun to take to the streets in 2013 to make a variety of statements about corruption and government policies. The beginning of this recent protest movement, which has extended to all corners of Brazil, coincided almost exactly with the start of an ethnographic field school the first author directed and in which the co-authors participated in Rio de Janeiro.  In this paper, we will discuss some of the unanticipated teaching and learning opportunities for anthropology students that came about as a result of these events.  We will also discuss the implications for a model of experiential learning and student anthropological fieldwork in study abroad.