bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quality of life after percutaneous coronary intervention: part 2
Authors: Cassar Stephen , Baldacchino Donia R
Published: May 2014

This is the second in a two-part series on quality of life (QoL) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Part I presented the research methodology of this retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study that investigated the QoL of a systematic sample of clients after PCI with a response rate of 64% (n=228; men n=169, women n=59; age 40–89 years). Quantitative data was collected using the Maltese version of the mailed WHOQoL-BREF questionnaire. The study aimed to identify significant differences in QoL between subgroups of clients according to demographic characteristics and their perceived cardiovascular risk factors. Significant differences were found in the overall QoL between subgroups of gender, education, occupation, friends' support and stress. The domain of social support, which is characteristic of Maltese culture, appeared to yield high mean scores of the overall QoL, irrespective of cardiovascular risk factors, such as smoking and a lack of physical exercise. Hence, social relationships may enhance QoL as they may yield security in life, feelings of love and belonging to a community. Perceived stress and social support seemed to generate significant differences in QoL. Although these findings were consistent with existing research, the use of different operational definitions of QoL means they cannot be compared accurately. While considering the limitations of this study, recommendations addressed the need for holistic assessment of patients' needs, education, follow-up monitoring and community services. Further comparative longitudinal research is recommended to identify confounding variables and fluctuation of results across time.
Nursing home residents' challenges with socialisation: can nurses help?
Authors: Hawkins Shelley Y , Domingue Ashley
Published: May 2014

Nursing home residents experience significant changes in their social and emotional connections as a result of the unique challenges associated with their environment. One of the greatest changes is with whom they communicate on a day-to-day basis. It is essential that social integration and, subsequently, social bonds develop in order to reinforce a sense of person, confidence, and hope. However, there are multiple and varied factors, such as cognitive impairment of other residents, which make building meaningful relationships especially challenging. This article investigates the challenges confronting cognitively intact nursing home residents and their impact toward successful socialisation in their environment. Based on findings in the literature, recommendations for strategies that nurses can use to promote a sense of community and feelings of being at home for residents are explored and areas for research identified.
Debating mental health nurses’ role in medicines management
Authors: Hemingway Steve , Snowden Austyn
Published: May 2014

This article delineates concordance and adherence; two fundamental positions pertaining to the role of the nurse in medicine management. Taking the form of a debate, it uses mental health nursing to describe the role and function of concordance and adherence in practice. Each author presents their case and responds briefly to the other in order to show why they see the adoption of one term or another as central to medicines interventions with the patient. The purpose of the paper is to encourage readers to consider their own position in relation to this important debate.
Rosacea: symptoms and support
Authors: Van Onselen Julie
Published: May 2014

Rosacea is a common skin condition, especially for middle-aged and some older adults. However, it is often wrongly perceived as cosmetic facial redness caused by alcohol. This can be very distressing for rosacea patients, as it is a facial vascular condition with subtypes, varying in severity. Rosacea should be effectively treated, as physical symptoms such as burning, stinging and soreness, as well as facial disfigurement are very distressing and can have a major impact on quality of life. This articles seeks to explain what rosacea is, including a description of sub-types and possible causes and trigger factors. Treatments for different severities of rosacea and the nurse's role in supporting patients will also be discussed.
Ethical challenges of conducting health research in UK school setting
Authors: Milnes Linda , Kendal Sarah
Published: May 2014

This paper offers guidance for novice nurse researchers on the ethical and methodological challenges of conducting health research in high school settings. Over the course of two studies in UK high schools with students aged 11–16 years, the authors encountered common ethical and methodological challenges. This article draws on these studies to build a critique of approaches to health research in school settings. Issues of consent and assent, confidentiality and participation can highlight tensions between the expectations of schools and health researchers. In this context, feasible research designs raise complex ethical and methodological questions. Ethical and methodological norms for health research may not be suitable for high school settings. Successful school-based health research designs may need to be flexible and responsive to the social environment of schools.
Rheumatoid arthritis: role of the nurse and multidisciplinary team
Authors: Walker Jennie
Published: May 2014

Rheumatoid arthritis is a complex chronic inflammatory condition which has both musculoskeletal and extra-articular effects. It is the most common inflammatory arthropathy, and has the potential to cause a significant impact on quality of life. The predominant features of the disease are inflammation, pain, reduced levels of function and increased morbidity. Despite the number of treatments available to suppress the effects of rheumatoid arthritis, it is not always possible to establish good control of the disease. It is imperative that the multidisciplinary team are involved with care to ensure that independence is maintained and function optimized. The role of the nurse in the management of rheumatoid arthritis is varied, ranging from providing specialist advice about how to manage the condition to caring for patients who are having joint replacements as a result of the increased levels of pain and damage it can cause.
Health promotion for people with intellectual disability and obesity
Authors: Doody Catriona M , Doody Owen
Published: May 2014

Obesity is a significant health problem for people with intellectual disability, as they report a 59% higher rate of obesity as compared with those in the general population ( Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, 2006 ). Causes are multifactorial and obesity leads to a higher risk of developing chronic conditions, such as diabetes and heart disease. While the risks of these conditions generally increase with age, people with an intellectual disability are at risk of developing them earlier owing to their higher levels of obesity. Client groups with mild intellectual disability residing in a group home or family home are at a higher risk of obesity than those in institutional care, mainly owing to increased independence and available choices. Healthcare services have predominantly focused on the primary disability rather than on prevention or reduction of secondary health conditions. As health promotion enables people to gain control over their lives, it is essential to address the health concern of obesity for people with intellectual disability. This article highlights the issues in health care faced by people with an intellectual disability and aspects that health professionals need to consider when engaging in health promotion for those who are obese.
Nursing leadership within the NHS: an evolutionary perspective
Authors: Sherring Simon
Published: May 2014

Effective leadership is crucial to the delivery of quality NHS care, particularly in the current economic climate. These are unprecedented times for the NHS; at no other time in its life has the need for leadership been greater. It is hard to define nursing leadership, with roles becoming increasingly complex. Although there has been much invested in leadership training, NHS guidance has suggested the service has only just begun to understand the importance of leadership. There is unparalleled change in the NHS; nurses are being asked to be innovators and entrepreneurs. In this article, the author considers what leadership is, and stresses the need for it to continue evolving to meet the changing demands of the NHS.
Student nurses' personality traits and the nursing profession: part 2
Authors: Baldacchino Donia R , Galea Paul
Published: May 2014

Individuals' attitudes stem partly from their personality traits, which may influence their interpersonal relationships with patients. Although personality traits are somewhat genetically determined, research has found that there are other factors that may influence this, such as self-esteem, family, social and clinical environments, and education. Part one of this article explained the research process of this cross-sectional descriptive study, which assessed the personality traits of two cohorts of nursing/midwifery students (n=116, aged 19–44 years) in their third year of the Diploma/BSc (Hons) programme at the University of Malta ( Baldacchino and Galea, 2012 ). Data were collected in 2006 using the NEO Five-Factor Inventory ( Costa and McCrae, 1992c ). In part two, the authors demonstrate that students obtained low neuroticism scores, average openness scores, and high agreeableness, extraversion and conscientiousness scores. Irrespective of nursing/midwifery programmes, age and gender, similar mean scores were identified in all five personality domains. These findings are consistent with previous studies, with some exceptions related to significant differences in gender and religiosity. Further larger scale longitudinal research is recommended on nursing/midwifery and allied healthcare students, to exhibit a possible profile pattern across time and other influencing factors.
Administration of medicines–the nurse role in ensuring patient safety
Authors: Alexis Obrey , Caldwell Jill
Published: May 2014

This article explores the importance of drug administration and some of the key legislation that relates to it. It focuses on the accountability and responsibility of qualified nurse and student nurses. The author also draws on the notion of informed consent and what that means in the health care setting. The article concludes by highlighting the importance of the safe administration of medicines to patients.
Perceptions of the advanced nurse practitioner role in a hospital setting
Authors: Dalton Mark Anthony
Published: May 2014

Aim:

To explore perceptions of junior doctors, nurses and advanced nurse practitioners (ANP) in relation to the role of the ANP.

Method:

A qualitative cross-sectional design was used, embedded in an interpretative philosophy. A non-probability sample of six junior doctors, six ward nurses and six ANPs took part in focus groups and individual semi-structured interviews. A mixture of phenomenological and grounded theory approaches were used to collect the data.

Findings:

Four major themes were identified – diverse definitions of the ANP role between medical and surgical wards in the hospital at day compared to hospital at night work; role vagueness and ambiguity; communication and education needs; and constraints and barriers. The study found varied perceptions and understanding of the role of the ANP within the hospital at day. Conversely, the hospital at night concept seemed correctly perceived – the role appeared well-established, organised and orchestrated the appropriate responses as required in both medicine and surgery. During the hospital at day, nurses on medical wards were more inclined to use the medical staff as their first responders. The absence of the bleep filtering system in medicine during the day was identified as one of the main barriers. A definitive understanding of the role during the hospital at day has been recognised as the second main barrier. A constraint well known to the ANP team was the inability to provide a bleep filter system in medicine during the day.

Conclusion:

The study finds the need for improved education, clinical support and system management during the hospital at day, with more of an emphasis within medical wards.
The case for concordance: value and application in nursing practice
Authors: McKinnon John
Published: May 2014

This is the first of two articles exploring the concept of concordance in practice. This first paper draws on psychology, research in clinical practice and social participation theory to argue for a concordant approach to nursing care. Where most writers have confined discussions on concordance to medicines management, the author seeks to widen the debate to explore the value of the principle across the whole spectrum of nursing practice. Studies describing patient involvement are mapped against Arnstein's model of citizen participation to determine true levels of patient-practitioner working. The outcomes of care delivered in a paternalistic way are compared with those arising from patient-practitioner partnership working across a range of healthcare settings. The values underpinning concordance and the relationships and skills necessary to achieve and sustain it are considered. A recommendation for practice is that concordance needs to be taught as a central part of the healthcare process rather than merely an ethical principle in healthcare education. The power of the nurse-patient relationship on which concordance is built needs to be recognised and valued. The principle of concordance will be more feasible in practice when accompanied by other initiatives that promote public participation in education review commissioning and standard setting.
Hand hygiene and the use of personal protective equipment
Authors: Wyeth Jenny
Published: May 2014

Infection prevention and control nurses (IPCNs) have an extremely wide remit in relation to the facilitation of appropriate infection prevention and control practice within healthcare environments. In order to be effective IPCNs need to be involved at all stages of healthcare service delivery and need to form close working relationships with staff at all levels and in all departments within their organisation. The provision of the necessary facilities within the clinical environment, along with the ongoing training and support of staff are essential prerequisites to changing the behaviour of staff in order to consistently deliver effective hand hygiene and other infection prevention and control practices. Auditing of practice and the investigation of incidents enable the identification of areas of practice requiring improvement, which subsequently informs the continual development of training programmes and initiatives with a view to improving patient and staff safety. IPCNs need to be able to react swiftly to the emergence of new infectious organisms and/or evidence to identify what is required in order to ensure that staff are compliant with anticipated practice to maintain the safety of the patients in their care, themselves and their colleagues.
Nurses need a standard definition of a deprivation of liberty
Authors: Griffith Richard
Published: May 2014

The House of Commons health committee has called for an urgent review of the implementation of the deprivation of liberty safeguards. They are particularly concerned that nurses, as gatekeepers of the safeguards, often do not know when a deprivation of liberty occurs in practice. In this article the author argues that given the lack of a standard definition of what amounts to a deprivation of liberty and the introduction by the courts of often contradictory factors that nurses are required to consider when determining if a patient is being deprived of their liberty it is little wonder that confusion is common place.
Nursing workforce planning: insights from seven Malaysian hospitals
Authors: Drake Robert
Published: May 2014

In 2010, the Royal College of Nursing asked: ‘What is the optimal level and mix of nurses required to deliver quality care as cost-effectively as possible?’ This question implies there is a relationship between staffing levels, quality of care and financial efficiency. This paper examines the relationship between the staff budget, the number of staff required to achieve a target level of care and the actual number of staff employed in seven hospitals in Malaysia. It seeks to critically evaluate local challenges arising from staff budgeting/planning procedures, identify general issues that apply beyond Malaysian healthcare institutions and, finally, to propose a model that combines finance, staffing and level of care.
Knowing Generation Y: a new generation of nurses in practice
Authors: Chung Stephanie M. , Fitzsimons Virginia
Published: May 2014

Generation Y is commonly defined as those people born between 1980 and 2000, now aged in their 20s and 30s. Their grandparents experienced post-World War II reconstruction, their parents the economic boom of the 1980s. There are currently 81 million individuals in the Generation Y cohort in the USA, making it the second-largest, and possibly most influential, cohort since World War II ( Manion, 2009 ).

Members of Generation Y are diverse, technologically advanced and vocal about their opinions. They tend to resist traditional hierarchy, want recognition/reward for achievements and distrust institutions. Knowing these characteristics is useful for nurse managers, preceptors and team members working with members of Generation Y.

Studies have proven that Generation Y is challenging the nursing workforce through rapid turnover ( Cogin, 2012 ). This article explores a theoretical model that predicts retention and/or turnover of nurses in light of Generation Y behaviours and motivators—for example, moving from agency to agency rather than devoting many years to a single practice. Further research is needed to find out whether these behaviours and motivators are unique to Generation Y alone.
Raising public awareness of hepatitis B and C through a testing road show
Authors: Perrett Stephanie , Hams Pam
Published: May 2014

Over the past decade, as the profile of hepatitis B and C has been raised, a range of nurse-led services has been developed among substance misuse services, prisons and homeless services to reach those at the highest risk of infection. In the UK, it is estimated that up to two-thirds of people with hepatitis C are unaware of their infection ( Cornberg et al, 2011 ). These patients represent those at the highest risk of developing cirrhosis and liver cancer, and many are unlikely to be in contact with services that offer routine testing. To help address this, the Welsh Hepatitis Nurse Forum (WHNF) carried out two road shows aimed at raising awareness of hepatitis B and C among the general public and offering testing. This paper describes the process, results and evaluation of the road shows that took place in 2011 and 2012. The road show is a unique way in which nurses can reach those who may not have regular contact with health services, and has proved useful for generally raising awareness. Further work is needed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the road shows.
The safe administration of long-acting depot antipsychotics
Authors: Gillespie Mark , Toner Alison
Published: May 2014

Injectable long-acting antipsychotics are a well-established and common treatment for schizophrenia and other mental health problems. While these medicines have traditionally been injected into the dorsogluteal muscle, the primacy of this site has been challenged over recent years, both through the emergence of the deltoid muscle as a less intrusive alternative, and through a groundswell of opinion raising concerns over the safety of injecting into the gluteal muscle. As these concerns have included calls for the dorsogluteal site to no longer be considered suitable for the administration of injections, there is a need to clarify the basis of such claims and the appropriateness of continued use of this area. Review of relevant literature allowed exploration of the evidence used in supporting these claims and identified that UK licencing agreements for these medicines fails to support such wholesale change and that there are considerable inconsistencies in the evidence presented. Recommendations are made for further study in this area and for measured change to practice if required, particularly around use of the deltoid site and for review of the licencing agreements for these medicines.
Right line, right patient, right time: every choice matters
Authors: Jackson Tim , Hallam Carole , Corner Tracey , Hill Steve
Published: May 2014

The field of vascular access has developed significantly over recent decades. It has been adapted to provide a range of techniques for a range of patients much faster than a full appreciation of the risks involved has developed. Improved governance of vascular access procedures in the UK is needed. This is driven by a deeper understanding of risks such as infectious and thrombotic complications, repeated failures of peripheral intravenous (IV) access leading to poor patient experience and treatment inadequacy, and the increasing emphasis on avoiding healthcare-associated infections. The Vessel Health and Preservation (VHP) protocol, which is used to standardise vascular access practice in the US is being evaluated for adoption in the UK. A comprehensive and inclusive approach should be taken to the vascular access needs of all patients.
Centralisation of paediatric intensive care and a 24-hour retrieval service
Authors: Roussak Penelope
Published: May 2014

This article aims to analyse the effects of the centralisation of paediatric intensive care (PIC) and the requirement for a 24-hour retrieval service, as outlined in Standards for the Care of Critically Ill Children ( Paediatric Intensive Care Society, 2010 ). It affects staff at district general hospitals (DGHs) and has an impact on the critically ill children who present there. Although the centralisation of PIC has shown better outcomes, there have been concerns that, coupled with relocation of elective surgery to tertiary centres, it has resulted in the deskilling of staff in DGHs. The introduction of more paediatric high-dependency care units in DGHs is presented as a solution to the increased burden on the retrieval service and the deskilling of staff.
Are we preparing student nurses for final practice placement?
Authors: Morrell Nicola , Ridgway Victoria
Published: May 2014

The aims of this research were to illuminate student nurses’ perceptions of preparedness for final practice placement, and to ascertain factors that supported and hindered preparation for final placement practice. This phenomenological qualitative research was carried out in a UK higher education institution (HEI) with eight adult branch student nurses maintaining written diaries for the first 4 weeks of their final 10-week practice placement. Data were then analysed by means of an interpretive phenomenological approach (IPA). Results showed that students felt ill-prepared for placement. Eight clear themes emerged, including: being used as ‘an extra pair of hands’; mentors appearing to treat student practice documentation as unimportant; and high staff expectations. Other themes were: mentor importance; students feeling that they lacked knowledge; and students feeling unsupported and stressed. In conclusion, although students felt that they lacked knowledge and were used as an extra pair of hands, they did show clinical competence.
Patients’ perception of the nursing contribution to gastric band surgery
Authors: Pfeil Michael
Published: May 2014

Gastric banding is an established and effective form of weight-loss surgery. However, the nursing contribution to it remains largely unexplored. Using semi-structured interviews, this study explored the experiences and opinions of 20 purposively recruited patients about their nurses’ contribution to weight-loss surgery. The data were analysed using thematic analysis. Three themes emerged. First, the provision of knowledge and fostering of understanding, both before and after surgery, focusing on information that addresses patients’ needs. Second, staying in touch throughout the treatment period, being available whenever problems arise and advice or interventions are needed. The third theme concerned qualities demonstrated by the nurses. Open-minded patient engagement combined with person-centered care fostered confidence in patients and promoted a close therapeutic relationship. Nurses make a substantial contribution to weight-loss surgery, caring for their patients’ physical, surgical and, most importantly, psychosocial needs. Their role descriptions should emphasise the psychological, supportive aspects of this role.
Adherence to medication and self-management in stroke patients
Authors: Chapman Beatrice , Bogle Vanessa
Published: May 2014

Background:

Stroke is the third most common cause of mortality and one of the leading causes of adult physical disability in England. Medical treatment is imperative for the management of stroke and the risk reduction of recurrent stroke. The success of a medical treatment is determined largely by adherence. However, research has shown that adherence to medication in patients who have had a stroke is often suboptimal. Self-management interventions have been shown to improve adherence in long-term conditions. The impact of self-management interventions specifically on adherence to stroke medication is unknown.

Objective:

To review systematically the impact that self-management interventions have on adherence to stroke medication.

Method:

The online databases that were systematically searched included PsychINFO, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CINAHL and Web of Science. Reference lists of retrieved studies were hand-searched.

Results:

Six studies met the criteria for inclusion in the systematic review. Self-management interventions for stroke patients were effective in improving adherence to stroke medication in the short term. However, in the longer term, these benefits were not maintained.

Conclusions:

Applying self-management interventions to improve medication adherence in stroke patients across integrated clinical settings shows promise. However, further development of such interventions and research is recommended, with more stringent methodologies and longer follow-up periods.
A national study of acute hospital-based alcohol health workers
Authors: Baker Sarah , Lloyd Charlie , Mdege Noreen , Toner Paul
Published: May 2014

Alcohol health workers (AHWs) have been identified as an effective means of tackling alcohol-related hospital admissions. However, there is no understanding of the national coverage, or the extent and diversity of the services provided by hospital-based AHWs. Using a cross-sectional questionnaire, this is the first study to explore the current provision and remit of AHWs in acute hospitals across England. The data was analysed using SPSS. Significant differences were found with regards to the extent and diversity of AHW provision across England. This research provides a point of comparison for current and future hospital-based AHW provision. Further research is necessary to examine different ‘service types’, establish effective ways of working, and determine whether sources of funding could and should more accurately reflect the remit of hospital-based AHW roles.
Patient- and family-centred care on an acute adult cardiac ward
Authors: Ewart Linda , Moore Jenny , Gibbs Claire , Crozier Kenda
Published: May 2014

This paper outlines a service improvement project undertaken in one acute cardiac ward within a regional NHS trust in the east of England that explored the impact of advancing patient- and family-centred care within an acute adult setting. The project was implemented and evaluated over a 9-month period between March and December 2012 and data collected via a pre and post-intervention survey. The results demonstrated that the majority of family carers wanted to be involved in patient care. The provision of flexible family visiting, facilitated and supported family carer involvement in care provision and improved partnership working between family carers and the multidisciplinary team, had a positive impact on the patient and family carer experience. This project has demonstrated the value of involving family carers in acute adult inpatient care provision and the importance of flexible family visiting to enable this to be successful.
Closing the gaps in mental health care
Authors: Glasper Alan
Published: May 2014

Professor Alan Glasper discusses a new Government policy initiative to accelerate the process of making fundamental changes to the way in which people with mental ill health are treated and supported in society
My first months as a nurse: an exhilarating whirlwind
Authors: Botten Emma
Published: May 2014

Emma Botten is a recently qualified mental health nurse who has written about her experiences as a student nurse in this column. Here she reflects on her first 2 months since qualifying, the importance of a supportive team, and why she's always happy to have her face painted
Reducing the inappropriate use of restrictive interventions
Authors: Glasper Alan
Published: May 2014

Professor Alan Glasper discusses a new Government initiative to reduce the use of restrictive interventions in health and care settings. Such interventions can place service users—and, to a lesser degree, staff and those who provide support—at risk of physical and emotional harm
Current nursing practice by hospital-based stoma specialist nurses
Authors: Burch Jennie
Published: May 2014

Introduction

Nurses frequently care for patients who have stomas. A common complication is sore peristomal skin (skin around the stoma).

Aims and objectives

The study aim was to answer the research question: what is the current nursing practice for peristomal skin problems among UK stoma specialist nurses? The question was explored through investigation of descriptions, treatments and opinions of peristomal skin problems. Results were examined to ascertain if practice reflects the literature and if care was evidence-based.

Methods

A questionnaire was posted in September 2009 to the stoma care nurses in all UK NHS hospitals (n=596).

Results

The proportion of completed or partially completed questionnaires was 15% (89 of 596). Most of the responding nurses held a stoma-related qualification (86%), a degree (55%) and had specialised in stoma care for over 5 years (67%). Respondents used erythema to describe sore skin (80%). Stoma powder (98%) and convex appliances (98%) were the most commonly used treatments. The most common cause of sore skin was appliance leakage (61%).

Conclusions

The study population was deemed suitably qualified and experienced to answer the research question. Many responses were reflected in the literature (predominantly opinion articles), reflecting a degree of reliability and validity. It could be concluded that stoma specialist nurses can accurately assess and use stoma accessories to treat sore skin, but due to the paucity of research, the care cannot be defined as evidence-based. More research is needed to determine universally accepted definitions and treatments for sore peristomal skin.
Working with industry for improved patient outcomes
Authors: Shorney Richard
Published: May 2014

Various codes of practice, guidelines and protocols exist that support the engagement between health professionals and industry. Of importance is how these engagements can be encouraged to support improved patient outcomes. This article reviews the policies that exist from both the perspective of the health professionals and that of industry within the wound-care market space. Health professionals' engagement with wound-care companies in various guises in practice, including advancement of medical technologies; education development; provision on the safe and effective use of products; and true, practical research and evaluations of products. Joint working initiatives do exist between the NHS and industry that are transparent, mutually beneficial, support patient safety, ensure improved patient experience, and drive clinical effectiveness.
Has the IAPT programme delivered?
Authors: Lee Chris
Published: May 2014

The Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) programme was launched under the New Labour government to improve the availability of psychological services in the NHS. Three years on, Chris Lee asks whether this goal has been achieved
Enhancing psychological wellbeing for people with long-term neurological conditions
Authors: Wall Gemma
Published: May 2014

This article considers what constitutes a long-term neurological condition, how such a condition should be considered in relation to enhancing psychological wellbeing, where and when this can be done, and how. It draws on the strategic context as well as offering suggestions for practical clinical input that can be the responsibility of a broad range of professional and non-professional people.
A day to remember: The World Dementia Café
Authors: Swanson Andrew N
Published: May 2014

Andrew N Swanson outlines the World Café approach to engaging with people with dementia and those involved in their care. He explains how the concept recently helped people to have meaningful conversations about how to improve dementia services in Ayrshire and Arran
Sexual health: a public health issue?
Authors: French Kathy
Published: May 2014

The UK has the worst sexual health record in Western Europe and while the teenage pregnancy rates have decreased over the past few years diagnoses of sexually transmitted infections, including HIV, continue to rise.
Are your students ‘playing’ the fainting game?
Authors: Guedes Anne Corra
Published: May 2014

The fainting game entails intentionally cutting off the oxygen supply to the brain to experience a high, often by strangulation. It has been practised by young people for a long time but only few adults are aware of its existence and the risks involved.
Marketing the role of the school nurse
Authors: Crabtree Elaine , Davis Tamar
Published: May 2014

Elaine Crabtree and Tamar Davis suggest that there is a need for school nurses to market their role to policy makers, pupils and school employees to ensure a good understanding of this role.
Teaching tips for school nurses: Reflecting on a session
Authors: Ainsworth Paul
Published: May 2014

In the third article of a series on teaching tips for delivering PSHE, for school nurses with no previous classroom experience, Paul Ainsworth explains the importance of reflecting on a group work session.
Atopic eczema in children: Diagnosis and management
Authors: Watkins Jean
Published: May 2014

Atopic eczema can have a serious impact on the school performance and social life of children and young people when it is poorly managed. School nurses can play an important role by providing adequate support and guidance.
Making health services young people friendly
Authors: Churchill Dick
Published: May 2014

One of the biggest challenges confronting the health service today is how to support and empower young people to access the care they need, when they need it. Dr Dick Churchill explains why he believes ‘You’re Welcome’ can help bridge the gap.
A breath of fresh air: an example of asthma promotion in schools
Authors: Callens Claire , Tibbins Carly , Lenney Warren
Published: May 2014

It is essential that adequate medication management policies are in place in schools. In this article, the authors share their experience in developing effective partnership to create health promotion posters on asthma medication.
Assessing the learning needs of students
Authors: Sherwin Sarah , Stevenson Liz
Published: May 2014

The role of the practice teacher is pivotal in supporting the development of students undertaking Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) approved Specialist Community Public Health (SCPHN), School Nursing programmes. It is a mandatory requirement that students of school nursing are supported and assessed by a named practice teacher, who must have met the requirements defined within the practice teacher standard ( NMC, 2008 ).

In the third article of this series Sarah Sherwin and Liz Stevenson discuss the role of the practice teacher in assessing the learning needs of students on placement with the school health team.
What the law says on female genital mutilation
Authors: Griffiths Richard
Published: May 2014

Many girls and young women in the UK are at risk of female genital mutilation (FGM). Suspected cases might come, or be brought to the attention of school nurses and it is therefore vital that they are up to date with current legislation on FGM.
Tackling overweight and obesity in the school setting
Authors: Hudson Lee , Christie Deborah
Published: May 2014

Overweight and obesity (higher levels of overweight) in children and adolescents in the UK is a major public health issue and such children face significant current and future health risks. Overweight should be measured using body mass index (BMI) with reference to UK BMI centile charts to identify the level of overweight. In this review we explore the issues around measuring overweight and highlight possible causes as well as describing immediate and longer term health issues. We present a health checklist, which can be used by health professionals working in the school setting for children and young people identified as overweight and provide useful ways to support and help weight loss and prevent further weight gain.
Identifying parasitic infestations, part 1: An overview of lice
Authors: Watkins Jean
Published: May 2014

In the first of a series of dermatology articles, Jean Watkins offers practical information on common parasitic skin infestations, including an overview of symptoms, complications and management.
Impact of lead exposure on school age children in the US
Authors: Dyson Myrna , Krause-Parello Cheryl
Published: May 2014

Lead is a dense metal that is resistant to corrosion. Lead has various uses that have been in place since 3500 BCE such as plumbing, cosmetics, jewellery, and batteries. Today, however, lead remains a public health hazard, especially for children between the ages of 6 months to 6 years old. Children who live in lower socioeconomic regions or have emigrated to the United States (US) are considered to be at a greater risk from the negative effects of lead exposure. Lead exposure has an effect on neurological, cognitive and physical development in children. Primary prevention education is identified as the most important aspect needed to lower blood lead levels. School nurses can play an important role in educating the school community, parents, and children on the effects of lead exposure on children. This literature review focuses on the various ways lead exposure can occur, how it may affect a child's cognition and the leadership role of school nurses in the primary prevention of lead exposure among school age children.
Protecting children's right to health and reducing barriers
Authors: Davis Lisa
Published: May 2014

All professionals working with children need to understand, promote and protect their rights. In this article, Lisa Davis looks at children's rights and health, what this means for health professionals, and some of the barriers.
Delivering compassionate care in school nursing: A case of female genital mutilation
Authors: Christos Corina , Malone Mary
Published: May 2014

This article examines a case study of a school nurse's involvement with a family at risk of FGM. Although the children were safeguarded appropriately, opportunities were missed to support the family to address the psychological impact of FGM. Specialist services designed to work with communities where FGM is practiced exist around the UK but are few in number and have limited resources. School Nurses are well placed in the community to support these services and have a role in supporting families with complex needs such as those at risk of FGM. In view of the principles of compassionate practice, as proposed by the Chief Nursing Officer for England ( Cummings, 2012 ), this paper will identify how, in future cases, school nursing support in the form of therapeutic communication and referrals to relevant agencies, could promote better outcomes for individuals and families affected by FGM.
Addressing domestic violence through support and prevention
Authors: Horley Sandra
Published: May 2014

At least 750 000 children witness domestic violence every year, which can have a serious impact on their health and wellbeing. Sandra Horley, chief executive of Refuge, explains the role training and prevention can play in addressing domestic violence.
Charging overseas visitors could have an impact on children
Authors: Lepkowska Dorothy
Published: May 2014

The government has plans to charge overseas visitors and migrants for using NHS accident and emergency services. Dorothy Lepkowska looks at the impact this could have on children and young people.
Caring for small wounds in the school setting
Authors: Greener Mark
Published: May 2014

School nurses can manage most minor cuts, scrapes and punctures. However, the amount of bleeding is a poor guide to severity. Because an everyday injury occasionally hides serious damage, such as internal bleeding, nurses should take even minor cuts and scrapes seriously. In addition to acute wound care, knowing when to refer to accident and emergency services and practice nurses, as well as advising parents and older children are essential elements of management.
Reducing misunderstanding and stigma of eating disorders
Authors: Eggleton Dorothy
Published: May 2014

Dorothy Lepkowska looks at eating disorders, the stigma they still carry and the impact on families, as well as strategies to increase people's understanding of eating disorders.
Adressing the normalisation of overweight and obesity
Authors: Peate Ian
Published: May 2014

Obesity is one of the most important public health issues, and has serious implications on the health of the population. Ian Peate looks at people's difficulty in recognising obesity and overweight, and the issue of desensitisation.
Special education: education or therapy
Authors: Chesson Rosemary , Young Anita
Published: May 2014

Major developments in education and therapy have occured since the Warnock committee's report in 1978. However, despite the changing relationship between special education and therapeutic intervention, the function of therapy has not been examined specifically. In this article priorities for the future are discussed, and alternative approaches considered.
Case study: Play therapy with children in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Trafford Gillian
Published: May 2014

Play, which is such a natural part of a childs development, seems such an obvious tool when trying to understand and help a child to face the distressing and painful things happening in its life. Therapists have different play techniques when working with the child. Some will be purists, such as those following Melanie Klein, and others may take a more dynamic approach. The following introduction to play therapy briefly considers the analytic approach, the non-directive approach and a more direct approach.
Educational partnerships: student and faculty involvement
Authors: Westmorland Muriel G , Jung Bonny
Published: May 2014

This article discusses the educational and clinical partnerships developed with the community and the occupational therapy programme at McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, and provides one particular example of student and faculty involvement in a food processing plant. The article also comments on why the request for the involvement was made (escalating incidents of repetitive strain injuries) and the impact that the placement had on the workplace.
Ultrasound, shortwave diathermy and laser: a survey to examine patterns of use in England
Authors: Kitchen Sheila S , Partridge Cecily J
Published: May 2014

The nature and use of electrotherapy has changed considerably over recent years, with the introduction of new agents and modification of the old. This article reports the results of a questionnaire sent to a randomly selected population to examine the patterns of use of ultrasound, shortwave diathermy and laser in the management of soft tissue lesions, and explore factors which may affect selection of both agent and dosage.
Clinical effectiveness and EBP: design of a questionnaire
Authors: Upton Dominic , Lewis Brynda
Published: May 2014

The dual concepts of evidence-based practice and clinical effectiveness have become ever more important for the professions allied to medicine in recent years. In order for suitable initiatives to be derived and future policy shaped and evaluated, it is important that the current level of knowledge of, and attitudes toward the concepts are recorded. In order to achieve this, a questionnaire was developed aimed at recording professionals' attitudes toward, and knowledge of the concepts of evidence-based practice and clinical effectiveness and how they are applied in practice. This article describes the development of the questionnaire, while the second and third parts of the series present the results obtained from the questionnaire survey.
The role of physiotherapy in anorexia nervosa management
Authors: Mandy A , Broadbridge H
Published: May 2014

There is disparate evidence within the current literature concerning the nature and level of involvement that physiotherapists have with patients suffering from anorexia nervosa. The study outlined in this article investigated such issues.

Physiotherapists actively working with anorexic patients were targeted using a postal questionnaire. Results indicated that there is an active involvement of physiotherapists within the multidisciplinary team in the management of anorexia, and that the application of physical treatments were appropriate in a condition that is largely regarded as a psychiatric/psychological problem. In particular, physiotherapy was perceived as a useful application in the management of distorted body image, in programmes to control excessive exercise and in anxiety reduction.
A specialized community-based rehabilitation unit in rural Uganda
Authors: Nanyonjo Justine
Published: May 2014

This article discusses the role of a rehabilitation unit and how it can enhance community-based rehabilitation (CBR) programmes. It points out the importance of both CBR and rehabilitation units in meeting the rehabilitation needs of disabled people. The author describes a pilot unit in Uganda, where clients are rehabilitated through CBR in conjunction with a rehabilitation unit located in the community.
Phantom pain II: patients' experiences, beliefs and knowledge
Authors: Mortimer C , Steedman WM , McMillan IR , Ravey J
Published: May 2014

This paper reports a qualitative interview study conducted with patients attending a central limb fitting service, which aimed to examine patients' experiences of phantom sensation and phantom pain, and their perceptions of the relevant support and information received during rehabilitation. The results suggest that the level of information is inconsistent and may be insufficient. Further studies need to be conducted with both patients and professionals to establish how rehabilitation services can address this unmet patient need.
The use of a patient diary in health-care research
Authors: Francis Geraldine
Published: May 2014

This article reviews the use of the diary method of data collection in health-care research. The characteristics, strengths and limitations of diaries will be discussed, and the author's experience of the diary-interview method will be described.
Patients' perceptions of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation
Authors: Hammond Justin M , Odley Jenna L , Brodie David A , Bundred Peter E
Published: May 2014

Quantitative studies are most commonly used to evaluate cardiac rehabilitation. However, certain effects, such as psychological measures, are hard to quantify. This study used qualitative methods to assess the effectiveness of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation by examining the patients' perspectives of its success and how it could be improved. Recommendations based on this information are now being implemented.