bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The deglaciation of Upernavik trough, West Greenland, and its Holocene sediment infill: processes and provenance
Authors: Weiser Jens , Titschack Jürgen , Hebbeln Dierk
Published: June 2023

Under glacial climates, continental ice sheets such as, e.g., the Greenland Ice Sheet, extended onto the continental shelves and often carved out deep cross‐shelf troughs. The sedimentary infill of such troughs commonly is a product of the complex interactions between the ice sheets, largely driving sediment input into the ocean, and the surrounding water masses. Off West Greenland, research has focused on the Disko and Uummannaq troughs, leaving the northerly adjacent Upernavik trough relatively understudied. Hence, neither the chronology of deglaciation nor the details of its postglacial infill are sufficiently well understood. Here, we combine computed tomography image‐derived information with geochemical and granulometric data from four sediment cores recovered from the Upernavik trough that point to (i) deglaciation of the mid‐shelf probably around 13.4 cal. ka BP that was most likely driven by a northward advection of warmer Atlantic waters during the Bølling–Allerød, (ii) the presence of widespread mass wasting around 8 cal. ka BP on the inner shelf and (iii) the complex interplay between various modes of sediment input, transport and deposition under hemipelagic sedimentation afterwards. While this interplay complicates provenance studies, we identify two major sediment delivery mechanisms that control transport and deposition from four sediment source areas. Through the Early Holocene the relative contributions of sediments from the various sources changed from a predominantly local origin to more southerly sources, mainly driven by decreasing input from the local sources. The integration of relative sediment source contributions with varying sedimentation rates challenges previous studies postulating intensified sediment delivery from the south through a greater influence of the West Greenland Current and highlights the need for the integration of sediment input and transport mechanisms into provenance studies in the area.
MIR204 n.37C>T variant as a cause of chorioretinal dystrophy variably associated with iris coloboma, early‐onset cataracts and congenital glaucoma
Authors: Jedlickova Jana , Vajter Marie , Barta Tomas , Black Graeme C. M. , Perveen Rahat , Mares Jan , Fichtl Marek , Kousal Bohdan , Dudakova Lubica , Liskova Petra
Published: June 2023

Four members of a three‐generation Czech family with early‐onset chorioretinal dystrophy were shown to be heterozygous carriers of the n.37C>T in MIR204. The identification of this previously reported pathogenic variant confirms the existence of a distinct clinical entity caused by a sequence change in MIR204. Chorioretinal dystrophy was variably associated with iris coloboma, congenital glaucoma, and premature cataracts extending the phenotypic range of the condition. In silico analysis of the n.37C>T variant revealed 713 novel targets. Additionally, four family members were shown to be affected by albinism resulting from biallelic pathogenic OCA2 variants. Haplotype analysis excluded relatedness with the original family reported to harbour the n.37C>T variant in MIR204. Identification of a second independent family confirms the existence of a distinct MIR204‐associated clinical entity and suggests that the phenotype may also involve congenital glaucoma.
Decreased YB‐1 expression denervates brown adipose tissue and contributes to age‐related metabolic dysfunction
Authors: Zhou Ruoyu , Huang Yan , Feng Xu , Zhou Rui , Wang Liwen , Xie Genqing , Xiao Yuan , Zhou Haiyan
Published: June 2023

Thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) declines with aging, however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we show that the expression of Y‐box binding protein 1 (YB‐1), a critical DNA/RNA binding protein, decreased in the BAT of aged mice due to the reduction of microbial metabolite butyrate. Genetic ablation of YB‐1 in the BAT accelerated diet‐induced obesity and BAT thermogenic dysfunction. In contrast, overexpression of YB‐1 in the BAT of aged mice was sufficient to promote BAT thermogenesis, thus alleviating diet‐induced obesity and insulin resistance. Interestingly, YB‐1 had no direct effect on adipose UCP1 expression. Instead, YB‐1 promoted axon guidance of BAT via regulating the expression of Slit2, thus potentiating sympathetic innervation and thermogenesis. Moreover, we have identified that a natural compound Sciadopitysin, which promotes YB‐1 protein stability and nuclear translocation, alleviated BAT aging and metabolic disorders. Together, we reveal a novel fat‐sympathetic nerve unit in regulating BAT senescence and provide a promising strategy against age‐related metabolic disorders.
Infant‐directed speech facilitates word learning through attentional mechanisms: An fNIRS study of toddlers
Authors: Zhou Xin , Wang Luchang , Hong Xuancu , Wong Patrick C. M.
Published: June 2023

The speech register that adults especially caregivers use when interacting with infants and toddlers, that is, infant‐directed speech (IDS) or baby talk, has been reported to facilitate language development throughout the early years. However, the neural mechanisms as well as why IDS results in such a developmental faciliatory effect remain to be investigated. The current study uses functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to evaluate two alternative hypotheses of such a facilitative effect, that IDS serves to enhance linguistic contrastiveness or to attract the child's attention. Behavioral and fNIRS data were acquired from twenty‐seven Cantonese‐learning toddlers 15–20 months of age when their parents spoke to them in either an IDS or adult‐directed speech (ADS) register in a naturalistic task in which the child learned four disyllabic pseudowords. fNIRS results showed significantly greater neural responses to IDS than ADS register in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (L‐dlPFC), but opposite response patterns in the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). The differences in fNIRS responses to IDS and to ADS in the L‐dlPFC and the left parietal cortex (L‐PC) showed significantly positive correlations with the differences in the behavioral word‐learning performance of toddlers. The same fNIRS measures in the L‐dlPFC and right PC (R‐PC) of toddlers were significantly correlated with pitch range differences of parents between the two speech conditions. Together, our results suggest that the dynamic prosody in IDS increased toddlers’ attention through greater involvement of the left frontoparietal network that facilitated word learning, compared to ADS.

Research Highlights

This study for the first time examined the neural mechanisms of how infant‐directed speech (IDS) facilitates word learning in toddlers.

Using fNIRS, we identified the cortical regions that were directly involved in IDS processing.

Our results suggest that IDS facilitates word learning by engaging a right‐lateralized prosody processing and top‐down attentional mechanisms in the left frontoparietal networks.

The language network including the inferior frontal gyrus and temporal cortex was not directly involved in IDS processing to support word learning.
One‐stop procedure of “Atrial fibrillation radiofrequency ablation + left atrial appendage closure” guided by 3D printing technology: A case report
Authors: Liao Nuohan , Qin Zuoan , Luo LI , Ge Liangqing
Published: June 2023

Left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) in the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) has become a hot topic in clinical research in recent years. We report a 68‐year‐old female with a 3‐year history of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation refractory to antiarrhythmic therapy and unable to tolerate anticoagulation therapy who underwent successful atrial fibrillation radiofrequency ablation combined with left atrial appendage occlusion guided by 3D printing technology. There was no recurrence of her atrial fibrillation and there was continued complete occlusion of her left atrial appendage at 3‐month and 1‐year follow‐ups.This case supports the potential advantage of 3D printing technology to guide a “one‐stop combined AF radiofrequency ablation and left atrial appendage occlusion procedure.” But whether it can improve the prognosis and quality of life of patients, further multi‐center research and large data statistics are required.
Preparing for parenthood: Validating a mixed method approach to assessing the coparenting capacity of young expectant fathers and mothers
Authors: Florsheim Paul , Burrow‐Sánchez Jason J.
Published: June 2023

The transition to parenthood (TP) interview and coparenting capacity (CC) coding scheme is a mixed method approach to evaluating readiness for the interpersonal challenges of parenthood. This paper focuses on the validation of the TP–CC system with a diverse sample of 140 young expectant father/mother pairs. The TP interview is designed to assist expectant parents in expressing their thoughts and feelings about parenthood and coparenting and the CC coding scheme is designed to assess a new parent's capacity for expressing fondness, acceptance, growth, cohesion, and commitment in their relationship with their coparenting partner. Convergent validation of the TP–CC system involved measuring self‐ and partner‐reported relationship quality, relationship security, and observed warmth and hostility during the pregnancy. Predictive validation focused on the same set of variables, measured at the 6‐month postbirth follow‐up. Results supported the convergent validity of the TP–CC system for mothers and fathers, with higher‐specific CC scores correlating with higher relationship quality, relationship security and warmth scores, as well as lower hostility scores. Results partially supported predictive validity, with fathers' total CC scores predicting fathers' interpersonal hostility and mothers' relationship quality, relationship security, hostility, and warmth at follow‐up. Consistently positive and significant correlations between both mothers and fathers prebirth and postbirth CC scores provide evidence for the test–retest reliability of the TP–CC system. Generally, findings demonstrate the potential utility of the TP–CC system for evaluating coparenting readiness across the transition to parenthood.
Association between single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in serotonin receptor 2A and melatonin receptor 1A genes and pain after root canal treatment
Authors: Meyfarth Sandra Regina Santos , Tavares Jhenyfer da Silva , Guimarães Ludmila da Silva , Silva Erlange Andrade Borges , Gaio Daniella Cristina , Ecker Mainara Bassetto , Brancher João Armando , Küchler Erika Calvano , Silva‐Sousa Alice Corrêa , de Sousa‐Neto Manoel Damião , Antunes Lívia Azeredo Alves , Antunes Leonardo Santos
Published: June 2023

Aim

This study aimed to investigate whether single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes encoding 5‐HTR2A (5‐Hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 2A) and MTNR1A (melatonin receptor 1A) may contribute to postoperative pain perception after root canal treatment. We hypothesised that SNPs in HTR2A and MTNR1A genes were associated with postoperative pain after root canal treatment.

Methodology

This genetic cohort study enrolled patients with single‐rooted teeth diagnosed with pulp necrosis and asymptomatic apical periodontitis before root canal treatment. Root canal treatment was performed in one session using a standardized protocol. Postoperative pain and tenderness were assessed using a visual analogue scale (recorded every day for 7 days and on the 14th and 30th days after root canal treatment). Genomic DNA was extracted from saliva and used to genotype the SNPs in HTR2A (rs4941573 and rs6313) and MTNR1A (rs6553010, rs6847693 and rs13140012) using real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Genotypes were compared using univariate and multivariate Poisson regression with generalized estimating equations (p < .05).

Results

In total, 108 patients were enrolled in this study. The SNPs rs6553010 (MTNR1A), rs4941573 and rs6313 (HTR2A) were associated with an increased risk of developing pain after root canal treatment (p < .05).

Conclusions

This study suggests that SNPs in HTR2A and MTNR1A influence pain response after root canal treatment.
The correlation between unemployment and economic growth in Latin America – Okun's law estimates by country
Authors: PORRAS‐ARENA Maria Sylvina , MARTÍN‐ROMÁN Ángel L.
Published: June 2023

The authors question the validity of Okun's law in Latin America in this paper. Based on several econometric models, they show that fluctuations in economic activity have a lesser impact on unemployment rates in Latin American countries than in other, more advanced economies. Instead of stimulus policies focused on reducing unemployment in general, these countries need targeted policies that encourage job creation in specific sectors. That being said, the unemployment—output ratio differs from one Latin American country to another. Where the ratio is weak or non‐existent, cyclical variations adversely affect the quality of employment – another aspect that must also be addressed by economic policy.
Qui veut (dé)réglementer le travail dans les pays en développement? La théorie desinsiders‐outsidersen question
Authors: RONCONI Lucas , KANBUR Ravi , LÓPEZ‐CARIBONI Santiago
Published: June 2023

Selon l'approche «insiders‐outsiders», qui domine le discours sur le droit du travail, la législation protectrice de l'emploi favorise les travailleurs dotés d'un emploi stable, les insiders, au détriment des outsiders, moins bien lotis. Les outsiders devraient de ce fait être favorables à la déréglementation. Les auteurs observent pourtant que, dans les pays en développement, ceux‐ci sont au contraire très majoritairement attachés à la protection de l'emploi. Ils plaident donc pour une remise en question de l'opposition traditionnelle entre insiders et outsiders et pour une meilleure prise en compte d'aspects comme la mutualisation des gains, les transitions professionnelles, l'équité ou le pouvoir de l'employeur.
Isotretinoin and timing of procedural interventions: Clinical implications and practical points
Authors: Hatami Parvaneh , Balighi Kamran , Asl Hamed Nicknam , Goodarzi Azadeh , Aryanian Zeinab
Published: June 2023

Background

For decades, the notion that elective surgeries and cutaneous procedures should be postponed for 6–12 months in patients on, or recently administered with isotretinoin, has been widely accepted. However, some recent studies showed the need for a change in this regard.

Method

Here, we reviewed the existing data in this regard through searching on PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. All of the relevant papers published in English, until October, 2022, which we could access to their full‐texts, were included.

Results

We found some recommendations made by plastic surgeons, dermatologists, ENT surgeons, ophthalmologists, orthopedic surgeons, and dentists regarding the correct timing of procedural interventions in patients on, or recently administered with isotretinoin and tried to summarize them to provide a practical guide for clinicians.

Conclusion

Physicians may discuss with patients regarding the known risk of abnormal wound healing in the setting of systemic isotretinoin treatment and suggest that, when possible, surgical procedures be postponed until the activity of the retinoids has time to subside. It is even more important regarding patients with darker skin phototypes to follow an even more strict guideline.
Consumer financial vulnerability: Review, synthesis, and future research agenda
Authors: Fernández‐López Sara , Álvarez‐Espiño Marcos , Rey‐Ares Lucía , Castro‐González Sandra
Published: June 2023

Research on consumer financial vulnerability (CFV) was especially encouraged in the aftermath of the 2007–2008 financial crisis, becoming a phenomenon of global interest to academics and policy makers. This paper reviews the existing academic literature on CFV with the aim of mapping out four research fields (i.e., the concept, the measures, the methods, and the drivers of this phenomenon) and providing a roadmap for a future research agenda for this field. To this end, we review the last two decades of academic research on households’ financial vulnerability, thereby presenting a hybrid literature review. Evidence from a comprehensive analysis of 98 academic papers suggests that this is still an emerging and highly fragmented field and, therefore, a comprehensive future research agenda is offered, including concrete suggestions for research designs and measurements. The proposal of a homogeneous definition of financial vulnerability, the consideration of measures that include subjective aspects of the phenomenon, the use of qualitative methods, and the development of more detailed theoretical and empirical research on the drivers of CFV, are among the authors’ recommendations for future research.
Accuracy and clinical validity of automated cephalometric analysis using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Kang Seyun , Kim Inhwan , Kim Yoon‐Ji , Kim Namkug , Baek Seung‐Hak , Sung Sang‐Jin
Published: June 2023

Background

This study aimed to assess the error range of cephalometric measurements based on the landmarks detected using cascaded CNNs and determine how horizontal and vertical positional errors of individual landmarks affect lateral cephalometric measurements.

Methods

In total, 120 lateral cephalograms were obtained consecutively from patients (mean age, 32.5 ± 11.6) who visited the Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea, for orthodontic treatment between 2019 and 2021. An automated lateral cephalometric analysis model previously developed from a nationwide multi‐centre database was used to digitize the lateral cephalograms. The horizontal and vertical landmark position error attributable to the AI model was defined as the distance between the landmark identified by the human and that identified by the AI model on the x‐ and y‐axes. The differences between the cephalometric measurements based on the landmarks identified by the AI model vs those identified by the human examiner were assessed. The association between the lateral cephalometric measurements and the positioning errors in the landmarks comprising the cephalometric measurement was assessed.

Results

The mean difference in the angular and linear measurements based on AI vs human landmark localization was .99 ± 1.05°, and .80 ± .82 mm, respectively. Significant differences between the measurements derived from AI‐based and human localization were observed for all cephalometric variables except SNA, pog‐Nperp, facial angle, SN‐GoGn, FMA, Bjork sum, U1‐SN, U1‐FH, IMPA, L1‐NB (angular) and interincisal angle.

Conclusions

The errors in landmark positions, especially those that define reference planes, may significantly affect cephalometric measurements. The possibility of errors generated by automated lateral cephalometric analysis systems should be considered when using such systems for orthodontic diagnoses.
Impact of zone geometry on the introduction of myopic defocus in young adult eyes wearing multi‐zone lenses
Authors: Sah Raman Prasad , Meyer Dawn , Jaskulski Matt , Rickert Martin , Cheng Xu , Brennan Noel , Kollbaum Pete S.
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Multizone contact lenses control myopia progression by proposed introduction of myopic defocus. This project investigated how much of the pupil area and how many dioptres of myopic defocus are introduced by different lens zone geometries with near‐ and off‐axis viewing.

Methods

Ten young myopic adults (18–25 years) binocularly wore four soft contact lenses including a single vision (SV), concentric‐ring dual‐focus (DF), centre‐distance multifocal (MF) and a RingBoost™ (RB) multi‐zone design containing a combination of coaxial and non‐coaxial zones. A modified aberrometer captured aberrations and pupil sizes at four target vergences between −0.25 and −4.00 D (on‐axis) and across the central ±30° of the horizontal retina (off‐axis). Defocus was quantified as the difference between the measured refractive state and the target vergence within each zone of a multi‐zone design within the pupil and compared with that of equivalent zone areas of the SV lens. The percentage of the pupil containing myopic defocused light for each lens was calculated.

Results

Defocus within the distance correction zones of multi‐zone lenses was similar to that of the SV lens. When viewing on‐axis at −0.25 D target vergence, on average 11% of the pupil was myopic with SV, whereas 62%, 84% and 50% of the pupil was myopic for the DF, MF and RB designs, respectively. At −4.00 D target vergence, all lenses exhibited a systematic decrease in the percentage of pupil area having myopic defocus (SV: 3%; DF: 18%; MF: 5% and RB: 26%). The off‐axis proportions were similar across multi‐zone lenses; however, multi‐zone lenses retained approximately 1.25–3.0× more myopic defocus than the SV lens.

Conclusions

Subjects accommodated using the distance‐correction zones of multi‐zone lenses. Multi‐zone contact lenses introduced significant myopic defocus on‐axis and across the central ±30° retina. However, the magnitude and proportion of defocus were influenced by zone geometry, add power and pupil size.
ZmEREB57 regulates OPDA synthesis and enhances salt stress tolerance through two distinct signalling pathways in Zea mays
Authors: Zhu Jiantang , Wei Xuening , Yin Chaoshu , Zhou Hui , Yan Jiahui , He Wenxing , Yan Jianbing , Li Hui
Published: June 2023

In plant, APETALA2/ethylene‐responsive factor (AP2/ERF)‐domain transcription factors are important in regulating abiotic stress tolerance. In this study, ZmEREB57 encoding a AP2/ERF transcription factor was identified and its function was investigated in maize. ZmEREB57 is a nuclear protein with transactivation activity induced by several abiotic stress types. Furthermore, two CRISPR/Cas9 knockout lines of ZmEREB57 showed enhanced sensitivity to saline conditions, whereas the overexpression of ZmEREB57 increased salt tolerance in maize and Arabidopsis. DNA affinity purification sequencing (DAP‐Seq) analysis revealed that ZmEREB57 notably regulates target genes by binding to promoters containing an O‐box‐like motif (CCGGCC). ZmEREB57 directly binds to the promoter of ZmAOC2 involved in the synthesis of 12‐oxo‐phytodienoic acid (OPDA) and jasmonic acid (JA). Transcriptome analysis revealed that several genes involved in regulating stress and redox homeostasis showed differential expression patterns in OPDA‐ and JA‐treated maize seedlings exposed to salt stress compared to those treated with salt stress alone. Analysis of mutants deficient in the biosynthesis of OPDA and JA revealed that OPDA functions as a signalling molecule in the salt response. Our results indicate that ZmEREB57 involves in salt tolerance by regulating OPDA and JA signalling and confirm early observations that OPDA signalling functions independently of JA signalling.
Autoregressive conditional durations: An application to the Surinamese dollar versus the US dollar exchange rate
Authors: Ooft Gavin , Franses Philip Hans , Bhaghoe Sailesh
Published: June 2023

The parallel market nominal exchange rate of the United States dollar vis‐à‐vis the Surinamese dollar (USD/SRD) exhibited periods of severe volatility which were often followed by episodes of stability, usually at a cost of sharp depreciations. This study seeks to model this exchange rate using autoregressive conditional duration models. These models are suitable for modelling events occurring with irregular intervals. Exchange rates in developing countries have distinct features compared to exchange rates in countries with well‐established and accessible financial markets. A key feature is that for these developing countries, exchange rates only occasionally experience jumps. Our findings suggest that past exchange rate changes appear to be a significant driver of future exchange rate jumps. Furthermore, our results show that money, international reserves, and commodity prices can explain jumps in the market USD/SRD exchange rate.
Environmental heat stress offsets adaptation associated with carbohydrate periodization in trained male triathletes
Authors: Bennett Samuel , Tiollier Eve , Guibert Elodie , Morales‐Artacho Antonio , Lalire Paul , Owens Daniel J. , Morton James P. , Brocherie Franck , Louis Julien
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Carbohydrate (CHO) intake periodization via the sleep low train low (SL‐TL) diet–exercise model increases fat oxidation during exercise and may enhance endurance‐training adaptation and performance. Conversely, training under environmental heat stress increases CHO oxidation, but the potential of combined SL‐TL and heat stress to enhance metabolic and performance outcomes is unknown.

Methods

Twenty‐three endurance‐trained males were randomly assigned to either control (n = 7, CON), SL‐TL (n = 8, SLTemp) or SL‐TL + heat stress (n = 8, SLHeat) groups and prescribed identical 2‐week cycling training interventions. CON and SLTemp completed all sessions at 20°C, but SLHeat at 35°C. All groups consumed matched CHO intake (6 g·kg−1·day−1) but timed differently to promote low CHO availability overnight and during morning exercise in both SL groups. Submaximal substrate utilization was assessed (at 20°C), and 30‐min performance tests (at 20 and 35°C) were performed Pre‐, Post‐, and 1‐week post‐intervention (Post+1).

Results

SLTemp improved fat oxidation rates at 60% MAP (~66% VO2peak) at Post+1 compared with CON (p < 0.01). Compared with SLTemp, fat oxidation rates were significantly lower in SLHeat at Post (p = 0.02) and Post+1 (p < 0.05). Compared with CON, performance was improved at Post in SLTemp in temperate conditions. Performance was not different between any groups or time points in hot conditions.

Conclusion

SL‐TL enhanced metabolic adaptation and performance compared with CON and combined SL‐TL and heat stress. Additional environmental heat stress may impair positive adaptations associated with SL‐TL.
Cell cycle‐dependent kinase inhibitor GhKRP6, a direct target of GhBES1.4, participates in BR regulation of cell expansion in cotton
Authors: Gu Yu , Zhang Jie , Liu Le , Qanmber Ghulam , Liu Zhao , Xing Kun , Lu Lili , Liu Li , Ma Shuya , Li Fuguang , Yang Zuoren
Published: June 2023

The steroidal hormone brassinosteroid (BR) has been shown to positively regulate cell expansion in plants. However, the specific mechanism by which BR controls this process has not been fully understood. In this study, RNA‐seq and DAP‐seq analysis of GhBES1.4 (a core transcription factor in BR signaling) were used to identify a cotton cell cycle‐dependent kinase inhibitor called GhKRP6. The study found that GhKRP6 was significantly induced by the BR hormone and that GhBES1.4 directly promoted the expression of GhKRP6 by binding to the CACGTG motif in its promoter region. GhKRP6‐silenced cotton plants had smaller leaves with more cells and reduced cell size. Furthermore, endoreduplication was inhibited, which affected cell expansion and ultimately decreased fiber length and seed size in GhKRP6‐silenced plants compared with the control. The KEGG enrichment results of control and VIGS‐GhKRP6 plants revealed differential expression of genes related to cell wall biosynthesis, MAPK, and plant hormone transduction pathways – all of which are related to cell expansion. Additionally, some cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK) genes were upregulated in the plants with silenced GhKRP6. Our study also found that GhKRP6 could interact directly with a cell cycle‐dependent kinase called GhCDKG. Taken together, these results suggest that BR signaling influences cell expansion by directly modulating the expression of cell cycle‐dependent kinase inhibitor GhKRP6 via GhBES1.4.
Articulating relational rurality amidst urbanization: Agency, spatial paradox and the de/reterritorialization of lineage landscapes in contemporary rural China
Authors: Chen Ningning , Pow Choon Piew
Published: June 2023

This paper seeks to offer a nuanced understanding of how the rural responds to and speaks back to the urban in the context of increasingly blurred rural‐urban landscapes. The prevailing theorizations remain entrenched in an intellectual impasse that still treats the rural as a residual space or a reactive actor besieged by external urban forces. Using lineage spaces as an empirical lens, this paper delves into rural geographies of lineage landscapes in post‐reform China by articulating rural agencies in more active, non‐lineal ways. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in rural Wenzhou, southeast China, this paper argues that the articulation of rural voices amidst China's urban modernity unveils a spatial paradox of landscape de/reterritorialization at the dimensions of discourse, practice and (trans)locality. We first reveal how official rural discourses de‐territorialize and lessen lineage groups' control over their symbolic buildings while simultaneously opening up opportunities for them to mobilize officially‐sanctioned discourses to expand lineage spaces and reterritorialize their power. Second, we show how villagers embrace the de‐territorializing practice of landscape commodification, which becomes a crucial source of finance for them to perform ritual activities at specific festivals, thereby re‐asserting rural collectivism, sociality and sacredness. Third, we unpack the trans‐local dimension of rural de/reterritorialization by exploring how villagers forge lineage‐based rural networking that transcends space‐time, which paradoxically reinforces the spatial claim for territorializing rural power that is demarcated from urban/modern orientations. We further argue that these multiple spatial processes of rural de/reterritorialization challenge a reactive or neatly‐divided account of rural agency during its engagement with urbanizing relations and processes. In all, this paper offers a more complex, paradoxical account of relational rurality in a rapidly urbanizing China, and foregrounds an agenda towards more ‘inclusive’ rural studies.
Cytokinins as an alternative suicidal Striga germination compound
Authors: Jamil Muhammad , Wang Jian You , Berqdar Lamis , Alagoz Yagiz , Behisi Ahmed , Al‐Babili Salim
Published: June 2023

The witchweed Striga hermonthica, an obligate and noxious root–parasitic plant, remains a persistent threat to cereal production and poses a great challenge to smallholder farmers in Sub‐Saharan Africa. Inducing suicidal germination of Striga seeds by applying strigolactone analogs is a promising strategy to deplete the Striga seed bank of infested soils. Nevertheless, there is a need to increase the efficiency and improve the applicability of this strategy, which may be achieved by testing further Striga germination stimulants. Herein, we explored the potential of cytokinins in inducing Striga seed germination. We investigated their activity as a suicidal germination agent along with fluridone that inhibits carotenoid biosynthesis and hence reduces abscisic acid formation and facilitates breaking of seed dormancy. Under lab conditions, application of fluridone (at 100 μM) or cytokinins (at 100 μM) showed 19% and 63% Striga germination, respectively, while combining different cytokinins with fluridone led to above 93% germination of treated seeds, with thidiazuron as the most active cytokinin. Using rice (cv IAC‐165), we also show that co‐application of fluoridone and thidiazuron to Striga infested pots before planting the host led to up to 86%–100% reduction in Striga emergence. In summary, cytokinins, particularly thidiazuron, could be useful suicidal agents to induce Striga seed germination and ultimately deplete the seedbank in Striga‐infested regions.
Time-Varying Tool-Chip Contact in the Cutting Mechanics of Shear Localization
Authors: Fazlali Mohammadreza , Jin Xiaoliang
Published: June 2023

Shear localization is the dominant chip formation mechanism in machining of high-performance metallic components, such as those made of titanium and nickel-based alloys. This paper presents an analytical thermo-mechanical model considering a new tool-chip contact mechanism due to shear localization. First, it is experimentally shown that the sticking and sliding contact lengths fluctuate with the frequency of shear localization. Second, a cutting mechanics model is developed considering the shear band formation, its rolling on the tool’s rake face, and the time-varying tool-chip contact length with experimental validation. Finally, the transient temperature at the tool-chip interface is predicted by taking the rolling phenomenon and the time-varying heat sources at the tool-chip interface into account. The proposed model shows that at the beginning of every segmentation cycle, the entire tool-chip contact length is dominated by sliding condition with negligible sticking length. When the tool advances, new workpiece material piles up in its front with an increase in the sticking length. Meanwhile, the sliding length decreases due to the drop in the load-bearing capacity of the shear band. When enough material piles up in front of the tool, a new shear band forms, and the entire contact length returns to the sliding condition. This process repeats every time a shear band occurs, causing the cyclic formation of shear bands and time-varying nature of the tool-chip contact length, therefore influencing the temperature and stress evolution at the tool-chip interface.
Experimental Study on Pressure Pulsation and Acceleration Response of Fluid Conveying Pipeline Under Multi-Excitation
Authors: Cao Yiming , Ma Hui , Guo Xumin , Ge Han , Li Hui , Lin Junzhe
Published: June 2023

The fluid conveying pipelines are often subjected to internal fluid fluctuation excitation in the hydraulic pump and external base excitation from the aircraft engine rotor. To investigate the acceleration response of the pipeline and pressure pulsation response of fluid, the vibration tests of the pipeline under base excitation, fluid fluctuation excitation, and multi-excitation are conducted. A set of test bench and test schemes of pipeline system under multi-excitation are designed. The test data are collected by a piezo-electric pressure sensor and a three-direction acceleration sensor. By analyzing the test data, the following results can be obtained: Under base excitation, the internal fluid still has a weak pressure pulsation response even without fluid fluctuation excitation. However, the pressure pulsation response remains unchanged with the increase of base excitation amplitude. Under fluid fluctuation excitation, the amplitudes of vibration responses at fluid fundamental frequency fp increase with the increase of pump pressure except at 9 MPa and 15 MPa. The natural frequency of the pipeline is close to 3fp when the pump pressure is 9 MPa and 15 MPa, respectively, and the pipeline system will have resonance. Under multi-excitation, the amplitudes of vibration responses are close to the superimposed amplitudes of two single source excitations at fb = 175 Hz and fp = 298 Hz. The vibration responses appear to beat vibration at fb = 298 Hz and fp = 297.6 Hz. The relevant test scheme and test data analysis adopted in this paper have important reference values for the in-depth study of pipeline vibration under multi-excitation and engineering practice.
Astrocyte activities in the external globus pallidus regulate action-selection strategies in reward-seeking behaviors
Authors: Kang Shinwoo , Hong Sa-Ik , Kang Seungwoo , Song Minryung , Yang Minsu Abel , Essa Hesham , Baker Matthew , Lee Jeyeon , Bruce Robert A. , Lee Sang Wan , Choi Doo-Sup
Published: June 2023

An imbalance in goal-directed and habitual behavioral control is a hallmark of decision-making–related disorders, including addiction. Although external globus pallidus (GPe) is critical for action selection, which harbors enriched astrocytes, the role of GPe astrocytes involved in action-selection strategies remained unknown. Using in vivo calcium signaling with fiber photometry, we found substantially attenuated GPe astrocytic activity during habitual learning compared to goal-directed learning. The support vector machine analysis predicted the behavioral outcomes. Chemogenetic activation of the astrocytes or inhibition of GPe pan-neuronal activities facilitates the transition from habit to goal-directed reward-seeking behavior. Next, we found increased astrocyte-specific GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) transporter type 3 (GAT3) messenger RNA expression during habit learning. Notably, the pharmacological inhibition of GAT3 occluded astrocyte activation–induced transition from habitual to goal-directed behavior. On the other hand, attentional stimuli shifted the habit to goal-directed behaviors. Our findings suggest that the GPe astrocytes regulate the action selection strategy and behavioral flexibility.
Small molecules restore azole activity against drug-tolerant and drug-resistant
Candida
isolates
Authors: Alabi Philip E. , Gautier Cécile , Murphy Thomas P. , Gu Xilin , Lepas Mathieu , Aimanianda Vishukumar , Sello Jason K. , Ene Iuliana V.
Published: June 2023

Each year, fungi cause more than 1.5 billion infections worldwide and have a devastating impact on human health, particularly in immunocompromised individuals or patients in intensive care units. The limited antifungal arsenal and emerging multidrug-resistant species necessitate the development of new therapies. One strategy for combating drug-resistant pathogens is the administration of molecules that restore fungal susceptibility to approved drugs. Accordingly, we carried out a screen to identify small molecules that could restore the susceptibility of pathogenic
Candida
species to azole antifungals. This screening effort led to the discovery of novel 1,4-benzodiazepines that restore fluconazole susceptibility in resistant isolates of
Candida albicans
, as evidenced by 100–1,000-fold potentiation of fluconazole activity. This potentiation effect was also observed in azole-tolerant strains of
C. albicans
and in other pathogenic
Candida
species. The 1,4-benzodiazepines selectively potentiated different azoles, but not other approved antifungals. A remarkable feature of the potentiation was that the combination of the compounds with fluconazole was fungicidal, whereas fluconazole alone is fungistatic. Interestingly, the potentiators were not toxic to
C. albicans
in the absence of fluconazole, but inhibited virulence-associated filamentation of the fungus. We found that the combination of the potentiators and fluconazole significantly enhanced host survival in a
Galleria mellonella
model of systemic fungal infection. Taken together, these observations validate a strategy wherein small molecules can restore the activity of highly used anti-infectives that have lost potency.

IMPORTANCE

In the last decade, we have been witnessing a higher incidence of fungal infections, due to an expansion of the fungal species capable of causing disease (e.g.,
Candida auris
), as well as increased antifungal drug resistance. Among human fungal pathogens,
Candida
species are a leading cause of invasive infections and are associated with high mortality rates. Infections by these pathogens are commonly treated with azole antifungals, yet the expansion of drug-resistant isolates has reduced their clinical utility. In this work, we describe the discovery and characterization of small molecules that potentiate fluconazole and restore the susceptibility of azole-resistant and azole-tolerant
Candida
isolates. Interestingly, the potentiating 1,4-benzodiazepines were not toxic to fungal cells but inhibited their virulence-associated filamentous growth. Furthermore, combinations of the potentiators and fluconazole decreased fungal burdens and enhanced host survival in a
Galleria mellonella
model of systemic fungal infections. Accordingly, we propose the use of novel antifungal potentiators as a powerful strategy for addressing the growing resistance of fungi to clinically approved drugs.
Outcomes of neonatal critical congenital heart disease: results of a prospective registry-based study from South India
Authors: Sasikumar Deepa , Prabhu Mukund A , Kurup Renu , Francis Edwin , Kumar Sobha , Gangadharan Sindhu Thekkile , Mahadevan Krishnamoorthy Kavasseri , Sivasankaran Sivasubramanian , Kumar Raman Krishna
Published: June 2023

Objectives

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is now a leading contributor of infant and neonatal mortality in many low/middle-income countries including India. We established a prospective neonatal heart disease registry in Kerala to understand presentation of CHD, proportion of newborns with critical defects who receive timely intervention, outcomes at 1 month, predictors of mortality and barriers to timely management.

Methods

The congenital heart disease registry for newborns (≤28 days) in Kerala (CHRONIK) was a prospective hospital-based registry involving 47 hospitals from 1 June 2018 to 31 May 2019. All CHDs, except small shunts with a high likelihood of spontaneous closure, were included. Data on demographics, complete diagnosis, details of antenatal and postnatal screening, mode of transport and distance travelled and need for surgical or percutaneous interventions and survival were collected.

Results

Of the 1474 neonates with CHD identified, 418 (27%) had critical CHD, 22% of whom died at 1 month. Median age at diagnosis of critical CHD was 1 (0–22) day. Pulse oximeter screening identified 72% of critical CHD and 14% were diagnosed prenatally. Only 8% of neonates with duct-dependent lesions were transported on prostaglandin. Preoperative mortality accounted for 86% all deaths. On multivariable analysis, only birth weight (OR 2.7; 95% CI 2.1 to 6.5; p<0.0005) and duct-dependent systemic circulation (OR 6.43; 95% CI 5 to 21.8, p<0.0005) were predictive of mortality.

Conclusions

While systematic screening, especially pulse oximetry screening, enabled early identification and prompt management of a significant proportion of neonates with critical CHD, important health system challenges like low use of prostaglandin need to be overcome to minimise preoperative mortality.
Efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin for treating motor dysfunction in patients with Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Yuqi , Zhang Tong , Liu Lixu , Shan Lei , Hu Xueyan , Yang Lingyu , Gao Fei , Xiaoli Wu , Li Hanzhi
Published: June 2023

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin (BTX) for motor dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease (PD).

Design

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data sources

Searches of PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library, from database inception to 20 October 2022.

Eligibility criteria

Studies reported in English with adult PD patients treated with BTX.

Data extraction and synthesis

Primary outcomes were United Parkinson’s Disease Rate Scale Section (UPDRS) III (or its items) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Secondary outcomes were UPDRS-II (or its items), Freezing of Gait Questionnaire (FOG-Q), Timed Up and Go test (TUG) and treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs). Mean difference (MD) or standardised MD (SMD) before and after treatment with 95% CIs were used for continuous variables and risk ratios (RRs) with 95% CIs was used for TRAEs.

Results

Six randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and six non-RCTs (case series) were included (ntotal=224 participants, nRCT=165). No significant difference was found in pooled results of UPDRS-III (available in four RCTs and two non-RCTs, SMD=−0.19, 95% CI −0.98 to 0.60), UPDRS-II (four RCTs and one non-RCT, SMD=−0.55, 95% CI −1.22 to 0.13), FOG-Q (one RCT and one non-RCT, SMD=0.53, 95% CI −1.93 to 2.98) or the risk of TRAEs (five RCTs, RR 0.87, 95% CI 0.37 to 2.01). Significant decreases were found in pooled VAS score (three RCTs and five non-RCTs, MD=−2.14, 95% CI −3.05 to −1.23) and TUG (MD=−2.06, 95% CI −2.91 to −1.20) after BTX treatment.

Conclusions

BTX may not be associated with motor symptoms alleviation, although it benefits pain alleviation and functional mobility improvement.
Benefits of nature-based walking for breast cancer survivors
Authors: Shirazipour Celina H , Raines Carolina , Liu Eileen , Ruggieri Rachel M , Capaldi Jessica M , Luna-Lupercio Bianca , Diniz Marcio A , Gresham Gillian , Bhowmick Neil , Haile Robert W , Asher Arash
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Physical activity (PA) promotes significant physical and psychosocial benefits for breast cancer survivors. While evidence exists regarding recommendations for the frequency, duration and intensity of exercise that optimise PA benefits for cancer survivors, the role of the environment in achieving optimal outcomes has yet to be determined. This paper presents a protocol for a clinical trial to evaluate the feasibility of a 3-month nature-based walking programme for breast cancer survivors. Secondary outcomes assessed include the impact of the intervention on fitness, quality of life outcomes, and biomarkers of ageing and inflammation.

Methods and analysis

The trial is a 12-week single-arm pilot study. Twenty female breast cancer survivors will engage in a supervised moderate intensity walking intervention in small groups in a nature reserve for 50 minutes three times per week. Data will be collected at baseline and end of study, and include assessment of inflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory myokines (TNF-α, IL-1ß, IL-6, CRP, TGF-ß, IL-10, IL-13), as well as ageing (DNA methylation, ageing genes) biomarkers; surveys (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System-29, Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General, Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory); and fitness assessments (6 min Walk Test, Grip-Strength, One Repetition-Maximum Leg Press). Participants will also complete weekly surveys assessing social support and participate in an exit interview. This is an important first step for future research on the influence of exercise environment on cancer survivor PA outcomes.

Ethics and dissemination

This study was approved by the Cedars Sinai Medical Center Institutional Review Board (IIT2020-20). Findings will be disseminated through academic manuscripts, conferences, and community presentations.

Trial registration number

NCT04896580.
Prevalence and impact of exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction in asthma: a study protocol for a cross-sectional and longitudinal study
Authors: Rogde Åse Johnsen , Lehmann Sverre , Halvorsen Thomas , Clemm Hege Havstad , Røksund Ola Drange , Hufthammer Karl Ove , Kvidaland Haakon Kristian , Vollsæter Maria , Andersen Tiina Maarit
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO) and exercise-induced asthma can cause troublesome respiratory symptoms that can be difficult to distinguish between. Further, there is now a growing appreciation that the two conditions maycoexist, complicating the interpretation of symptoms. The primary aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of EILO in patients with asthma. Secondary aims include evaluation of EILO treatment effects and investigation of comorbid conditions other than EILO in patients with asthma.

Methods and analysis

The study will be conducted at Haukeland University Hospital and Voss Hospital in Western Norway, and enrol 80–120 patients with asthma and a control group of 40 patients without asthma. Recruitment started in November 2020, and data sampling will continue until March 2024. Laryngeal function will be assessed at baseline and at a 1-year follow-up, using continuous laryngoscopy during high-intensity exercise (CLE). Immediately after the EILO diagnosis is verified, patients will be treated with standardised breathing advice guided by visual biofeedback from the laryngoscope video screen. The primary outcome will be the prevalence of EILO in patients with asthma and control participants. Secondary outcomes include changes in CLE scores, asthma-related quality of life, asthma control and number of the asthma exacerbations, as assessed between baseline and the 1-year follow-up.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval has been obtained from the Regional Committee for Medical and Health Research Ethics, Western Norway, (ID number 97615). All participants will provide signed informed consent before enrolment. The results will be presented in international journals and conferences.

Trial registration number

NCT04593394.