bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on sowing time effect on millet (Panicum miliaceum.L) green mass in the central
Authors: Turbat Khishigbuyan , Galkhuu Gungaanyam
Published: July 2021

The one of the best crops grown in Mongolia is Mongolian rice, which is drought-tolerant, has a good reproductive ability, easy processing and easy to prepare for food. The study was conducted in the field of the Institute of Plant and Agriculture Science in Khongor soum of Darkhan-Uul aimag in 2017-2019. The variety named Saratovskaya 853 was  sown in the 10 June, 20 June and 10 June. Millet variety Saratovskaya 853 was planted in the 9 research stages /a stage covers 3m2/ and, they were spacing between 0.5 m from each other. The millet seed were planted in the 6 centimeter deep from ground and planted in the lines between 15 centimeters. During this study, we planted 3 million seed per hectare in 3 times repetition. When millet was grown for green fodder, the field germination rate was 76.4-77.2 percent. The crop version of the 10.June was 308.8 c/ha green mass, which is higher 42.6-82.6 c/ha, but the grass yield was 83.6 c / ha, which is higher respectively 31.0-29.2 c / ha than other crop version.

Тариалангийн төв бүсэд бог будаа (Panicum miliaceum.L)-ны ногоон массын  ургацад тарих  хугацааны нөлөө

Бог будаа нь хүнс, тэжээлийн нэг наст  үет  ургамал. Манай орны тариачин ардууд ганд тэсвэртэй,үржих чадвар өндөр, боловсруулах багаж төхөөрөмжийн шаардлага бага, хүнс тэжээлд хэрэглэхэд амар хялбар зэрэг өвөрмөц онцлогтой түгээмэл тариалагдаж байсан унаган таримлын нэг бол бог будаа юм[4]. Туршлага судалгааг 2017-2020 онд Дархан-Уул аймгийн Хонгор сумын нутаг дахь УГТХүрээлэнгийн судалгааны талбарт  явууллаа. Бог будааны Саратовская-853 сортыг  мөр хооронд 15 см зайтайгаар 6 см гүнд 6 дугаар сарын 10,20, 30 гэсэн хугацаанд  нэг га талбайд 3 сая.ширхэг нормоор тус бүр 3 давталтайгаар нэг дэвсгийн хэмжээ 3м2  нийт 9 дэвсэгт тариалсан. Бог будааг ногоон тэжээлд зориулан тариалахад судалгаа  явуулсан  жилүүдийн хээрийн цухуйц 76.4-77.2 хувийн цухуйцтай байлаа. Ногоон массын ургацаар  6 дугаар сарын 10-ны хугацааны хувилбар 308.8 ц/га ногоон массын ургацыг бүрдүүлж  бусад хугацааны хувилбараас 42.6-82.6 ц/га, өвсний 83.6  ц/га ургацыг бүрдүүлж  бусад хугацааны хувилбараас 31.0-29.2 ц/га  ургацаар  тус тус илүү байлаа.

 Түлхүүр үг:  Талбай, хувилбар, давталт, өвс, чанар
Results of a study of optimal dose determination in wheat
Authors: Tsognamjil Dolgor
Published: July 2021

In radiobiology, biological effects appear when a biological organism absorbs radiation energy over a critical value. Therefore, the absorption dose, defined as the energy absorbed per unit mass, is the only major parameter that used for characterizing radiation effect. A typical dose-response curve is the survival rate experiences a progress of slowly dropping-slightly ascending- rapidly decreasing. This phenomenon of survival –dose response is universal in ion implantation of plants. The percentage of root and first leaf length and damage effect of ion beam increased in the highest doses. Darkhan-181 variety was more radio-sensitivity than Darkhan-144 variety. The indices of LD50 determined in Darkhan-144 variety 125Gy and in Darkhan-181 150Gy doses. Both two varieties similar result sown in RD50 indices sown in 125Gy (Darkhan-144 48.7%, Darkhan-181 49.1%) dose. We are determined 125-150Gy dose of ion beam radiation is an optimal dose for those varieties.

Буудайн сортод ионы туяаны тохиромжтой тун тогтоох судалгааны дүн

Монгол орны газар тариаланд буудайн үйлдвэрлэл 80 гаруй хувийг эзлэх бөгөөд уг таримлын гадаад орчны нөхцөлд тэсвэртэй арвин ургацтай сортуудын хэрэгцээ шаардлага нэмэгдсээр байна. Шинэ сорт бүтээх селекцийн ажилд цөмийн энергийг ашиглан мутаци хувьслаар тухайн сортын дутагдалтай талыг сайжруулах, урьд байгаагүй шинж чанар бий болгох судалгааны ажил хийгдсээр байна. Цөмийн аль ч энергийг селекцийн зорилгоор ашиглаж байгаа үед тохиромжтой тунг олж тогтоох нь хамгийн чухал байдаг. Хэт өндөр тунгийн үйлчилэл ургамлын амьдралтад сөрөгөөр нөлөөлдөг бол хэт бага тунгийн үйлчилэлд мутаци үүсэх магадлал буурдаг байна. Дархан-181, Дархан-144 сортуудын хуурай үрийг ионы цацрагийн 25Gy, 50Gy, 75Gy, 100Gy, 125Gy, 150Gy, 175Gy, 200Gy, 225Gy, 250Gy, 275Gy тунгуудаар үйлчилэн тохиромжтой тунг тогтоохыг оролдсон юм. Лабораторийн соёололт, анхны навч болон үндэсний уртыг хэмжиж, аль тунгийн үйлчлэлд хамгийн их ба бага бууралт үзүүлсэнийг тогтоох замаар радиацийн мэдрэмжийг тодорхойлсон юм. Судлагдсан бүх сортууд тун ихсэхэд соёололт, навчны болон үндэсний урт буурсан ба хамгийн өндөр буюу 275Gy тунгаар үйлчлэхэд соёололт 95-97 % -иар буурсан байна. 

 Түлхүүр үг: мутаци, радиацийн мэдрэмж, үйлчилгээ, анхны навчны урт, үндэсний уртын бууралт
Biological and agronomical characters of spring wheat variety Darkhan-212
Authors: Baasansuren Otgonbayar , Serchin Batbold , Yadamsuren Myagmarsuren
Published: July 2021

The study was conducted during 2015-2019 in IPAS. The spring wheat variety “Darkhan-212” was developed by a wheat breeding program from cross varieties Darkhan-140 and Darkhan-144 in 2005 and transferred to the State variety trial in 2019. Results of the yield trial shown the spring wheat variety “Darkhan-212” matured by 87 days, yielded 0.33 t/ha more than check variety Darkhan-34,  have a high yield capacity (4.28 t/ha), a good bread-making quality, and a high tolerance to drought,  lodging, shattering and diseases. The economic efficiency of the new variety was 181.5 thousand tugriks per hectare than check variety Darkhan-34. 

Зусах буудайн Дархан-212 сортын биологийн болон агрономийн онцлог шинжийг тогтоосон дүн

“Үр тарианы селекцийн ажлын хөтөлбөр”-ийн дагуу  жишиг сортоос нэмүү ургацтай, чанар сайтай, гадаад орчны тааламжгүй нөлөөнд тэсвэртэй сорт гаргах зорилгоор 2005 онд буудайн Дархан-140 сортыг Дархан-144 сорттой эвцэлдүүлж эрлийз удмаас шилэн сонголтын аргаар дундын болцтой  Дархан-212 (СТ-485/09) сортыг гарган авсан. 5 жилийн буудайн үндсэн сорилтын дүнгээр уг сорт нь дунджаар 87 хоногт боловсордог, жишиг Дархан-34 сортоос 3.3 ц/га нэмүү ургацтай, усалгаагүй нөхцөлд 42.8 ц/га хүртэлх ургацын чадавхитай, ган, налалт, үрийн асгаралт, зонхилох өвчинд тэсвэртэй, уураг, цавуулгийн агуулалтаар MNS 0097:2010 хүчит буудайн стандартыг хангасан. Эдийн засгийн үзүүлэлтээр Дархан-212 сортыг жишиг Дархан-34 сорттой харьцуулахад  нэгж талбайгаас 82500 төгрөгний нэмүү бүтээгдэхүүн үйлдвэрлэх боломжтой. Тариалангийн талбайн 30 хувь буюу 100 мянган га талбайд нэвтрүүлэхэд жилд 8.2 орчим тэрбум төгрөгний ашиг тариаланчид хүртэнэ. Иймээс  2019 онд Улсын сорт сорилтын зөвлөлөөр хэлэлцэж, газар тариалангийн төвийн бүсэд экологийн сорилтод дэвшүүлээд байна.    

 Түлхүүр үг: селекци, эрлийз, сорилт, ургац, цавуулаг
Potato varieties (Solanum tuberosum L.) determined the drought tolerance using the plastic cover
Authors: Bataa Enkhbold , Orgodol Ninjmaa
Published: July 2021

Selecting potato varieties which is drought-tolerant is one important way to reduce the risk of drought. Field experiments were conducted at potato research field located in the Institute of plant and agricultural science, Mongolia. In this experiment used the Gala, Soloist and Quarta varieties. total of 120 plants which is 40 bulbs from one variety were evaluated the drought tolerant. When we used the plastic cover from the tuber initiation to the bulking stage. The total harvest of potato decreased by 9.2 t/ha on average. The total harvest of potato decreased by 9.2 t/ha on average. When using the plastic cover, Potato harvest is decreased by 3.4 t/ha and tubers of production is decreased by 3.5 t/ha. The weight of non-standard tubers is closely related to the yield of varieties grown in drought conditions (r = 0.89), which accounts for the majority of the total yield by the weight of non-standard tubers. The Production tubers of Gala varieties is more 46.4 percent than the average varieties of potato. Lack of soil moisture decreases at the above stage of potato cultivation reduces the yield by 20-30%, reduces the growth rate, reduces the size and weight of the tubers, and has a significant negative impact on crop growth.

Гандаавч ашиглан төмс (Solanum tuberosum)-ний сортуудын ган тэсвэрийг тодорхойлсон дүн

Ганд тэсвэртэй сортыг шалгаруулж тарих нь гангийн эрсдэлийг багасгах нэг арга гэж эрдэмтэд үзсээр байна. Туршлага судалгааг УГТХүрээлэнгийн Төмс судлалын туршлагын талбайд Гала, Солист, Куарта сортыг хамруулж нэг сортоос 40 булцуу нийт 120 ургамалд ган тэсвэрийг  үнэлэв. Төмсний таримлын хөгжлийн үе шат болох бундуйлалтаас бүрэн цэцэглэлтийн үе шатанд нь талбайн нөхцөлд гандаавч ашиглахад таримлын нийт ургац дунджаар 9.2 т/га буюу гандаавч ашиглаагүй талбайн ургацаас 3.4 т/га, таваарын булцууны ургац 3.5 т/га тус тус буурсан байна. Гандаавчтай нөхцөлд ургасан сортуудын ургацад стандарт бус булцууны жин нягт (r=0.89) хамааралтай байгаа нь нийт ургацын дийлэнх хувийг стандарт бус булцууны жин эзэлж байна. Гала сорт нь таваарын булцууны ургацаар сортуудын дунджаас 46.4 хувиар илүү байв. Төмсний таримлын дээрх үе шатанд хөрсний чийгийн хангамж дутагдалтай байвал ургац 20-30% буурч, ургах эрчим багасч улмаар булцууны хэмжээ жижгэрч, жин буурч таримлын өсөлт хөгжилтөнд ихээхэн сөрөг нөлөө үзүүлдэг байна.

 Түлхүүр үг:  Гала, Солист, Куарта, булцуу, ургац
Current situation of forest resource use and protection in Selenge aimag
Authors: Tugjjav Oyunchimeg , Namkhai Erdenetsogt
Published: July 2021

Selenge aimag covers an area of ​​41.2 thousand km2, has 1.9 million hectares of forests, is crossed by major national roads such as roads, railways and waterways, has major international road and railway ports, and has a relatively well-developed infrastructure. Located close to the capital and other central markets, Sukhbaatar, Mandal, Saikhan, Yeruu, Khuder, and Bayangol soums are home to about 70 percent of the population, which is likely to increase in the future and create favorable conditions for future development.In this sense, violations of natural resource use, including illegal use of forest resources, are likely to increase, and if this situation continues, there is a risk of long-term damage to the environment. Out of 25-30 thousand crimes registered annually nationwide, 0.7 percent of crimes against the environment are small, but the damage to the environment is high. Illegal logging crimes decreased by 72 or 35.1 percent from the previous year, detection by 85 percent, in 2017 by 128, increased by 56 units or 43.7 percent, detection by 64 percent, 2019; Compared to the first four months of this year, 63 crimes were registered, an increase of 33 units or 52.3 percent, and the detection rate was 26.7 percent compared to the first four months of research years.

Сэлэнгэ аймгийн ойн нөөцийн ашиглалт, хамгааллын өнөөгийн байдал

Сэлэнгэ аймаг нь 41.2 мянган хавтгай дөрвөлжин км газар нутагтай, 1.9 сая га ойн бүстэй, авто зам, төмөр зам, усан зам зэрэг улсын чанартай томоохон замууд тус аймгийн нутгаар дайран өнгөрдөг, олон улсын авто болон төмөр замын томоохон боомттой, дэд бүтэц харьцангуй сайн хөгжсөн нутаг юм. Нийслэл хот, бусад төвлөрсөн зах зээлд ойр байрладаг, мөн Сүхбаатар, Мандал, Сайхан, Ерөө, Хүдэр, Баянгол зэрэг сумдад нийт хүн амын 70 орчим хувь нь амьдардаг нь цаашдын хөгжилд таатай нөхцөл бүрдүүлж байгаа юм. Энэ утгаараа байгалийн нөөц ашигласны зөрчил, түүний дотор ойн нөөцийг хууль бусаар ашиглах нь улам бүр нэмэгдэх хандлагатай байгаа бөгөөд хэрэв байдал энэ хэвээр үргэлжилбэл байгаль орчинд учруулах хохирол улам нэмэгдэх эрсдэлтэй юм. Улсын хэмжээнд жилд 25-30 мянган гэмт хэрэг бүртгэгддэгээс байгаль орчны эсрэг гэмт хэргийн гаралт 0.7 хувь бөгөөд үүнийг бага гэж үзэх болох хэдий ч байгаль орчинд учруулсан хохирол нь өндөр байдаг. Хууль бус мод бэлтгэлийн зөрчил 2017 онд 128 бүртгэгдэж байсан бол 2018 онд 72 зөрчил бүртгэгдэж, 56 нэгжээр буюу 43.7 хувиар буурч, илрүүлэлт 64 хувиар өсчээ. 2019 оны эхний дөрвөн сарын байдлаар 63 хэрэг зөрчил бүртгэгдсэн нь өмнөх оны мөн үеийнхээс 33 нэгжээр буюу 52.3 хувиар өсч, судалгаанд хамрагдсан жилүүдийн эхний дөрвөн сартай харьцуулахад илрүүлэлт 26.7 хувьтай байна.

Түлхүүр үг: хууль бус мод бэлтгэл, зөрчил, гэмт хэрэг
result of the influence of center pivot irrigation machine operations on rain (irrigation) intensity
Authors: Lkhagvasuren Delgermaa , Yadamsuren Nuuts , Balgan Otgonkhuyag , Chagnaa Byambadorj
Published: July 2021

The water consumption through the nozzle or water pressure through the nozzle at the given water thickness (У,min) the two technological parameters, the pressure of  the nozzle (X1, PSI) and the rotational speed of the nozzle (X2, m/min) are used to determine the state of the impact at 8 mm nozzle. The experiment was determined under laboratory conditions on a Low Energy Nozzle (LEN). The experiment was conducted in the ‘’ Irrigation machinery and  equipment design’’ laboratory of the School of Engineering and Technology of the MULS using the ‘’Low pressure nozzle distribution radius and rain intensity measuring equipment’’.  The maximum intensity of water supplied by the nozzle is 1.727 mm / min or the maximum pressure is 30 PSI and the minimum flow rate is 0.313 mm / min. The pressure regulator at 20 min was at a value of 20 PSI, and the transition speed was at a maximum of 3 m / min.

Бороожуулах эрчимд машины ажиллах горим нөлөөлөх байдлыг тодорхойлсон дүн

Бороожуулах хошуугаар өгч байгаа усны зарцуулгын хэмжээ буюу өгсөн усны зузаанд (Y, мм) хошуугаар гарах усны даралт , машины тойрох хурд   гэсэн технологийн хоёр параметр дангаараа болон хавсран үзүүлэх нөлөөллийн төлвийг  тодорхойлох туршилтыг 8 мм голчтой бороожуулах хошуун дээр лабораторийн нөхцөлд тодорхойлов. ХААИС-ийн ИТС-ийн “ Усалгааны машин, тоног төхөөрөмжийн хийц “лабораторт 2019 онд “Бороожуулах хошууны борооны эрчим, усны жигд тархалт тодорхойлох төхөөрөмж”- ийг ашиглан туршилтыг хийж гүйцэтгэв. Нам даралтат бороожуулах хошууны борооны эрчмийг  тодорхойлж, үр дүнг математик статистикийн аргаар боловсруулахад бороожуулах хошуугаар өгч буй усны хамгийн их хэмжээ 1.727 мм/мин нь даралт хамгийн их 30 PSI, шилжих хурд хамгийн бага 1м/мин үед байгаа бол хамгийн бага хэмжээ  0.313 мм/мин нь даралт тохируулагч 20 PSI утга дээр, шилжих хурд хамгийн их буюу 3 м/мин байв.

 Түлхүүр үг: Даралт тохируулагч, бороожуулах хошууны жигд тархалт, нам даралтат бороожуулах хошуу
Research studies on agricultural tractor’s fuel contamination in Mongolia
Authors: Oyunsurtal Erdenesaikhan , Tserendorj Ulziibaatar
Published: July 2021

The study is presented the result of the contamination of diesel fuel of tractor which used in agricultural sector. We took the sample from tractor fuel tank when spring’s cultivating and summer and autumn harrowing time, and analyzed the amount of contamination. The samples were taken periodically from tank tractors, autoclaves and warehouses, and the amounts of contamination contained in the fuel were determined by using the tools such as the filter tool /Millipore/, drying oven /202-OAB/, electronic weight /Sartorius BSA223s/, and microscope /Lab-Kits MB-YYS-300/ in accredited fuel and oil laboratory of Techenomics Mongolia LLC. The amount of contamination depended on the refuel to tractor on the field, and the periods of the working in the field. Especially, during the spring’s sowing and summer and autumn tillage, fuel pollution was much more and the geometric size of the mechanical mixture in the fuel was increasing.

Монгол орны газар тариалангийн салбарт ашиглагдаж буй тракторын түлшний бохирдлын судалгаа

Газар тариалангийн салбарт ажиллаж байгаа тракторын түлшний бохирдлыг тогтоох судалгааны ажлын үр дүнг танилцуулж байна. Хаврын тариалалт болон зун, намар тариалангийн талбайд уриншийн боловсруулалт хийх үед тракторын түлшний бакнаас дээж авч, бохирдлын хэмжээг лабораторийн шинжилгээгээр тогтоов. Талбайд ажиллаж байгаа тракторуудаас түлшний дээжийг тогтсон арга зүйн дагуу зориулалтын вакуум соруулаар авсан бөгөөд “Текеномикс Монгол” ХХК-ий түлш тосны итгэмжлэгдсэн лабораторит шүүгч багаж /Millipore/, хатаах шүүгээ /202-OAB Drying Oven/, электрон жин /Sartorius BSA223s/, микроскоп /Lab-Kits MB-YYS-300/ зэрэг багажуудыг ашиглан бохирдлын хэмжээг тодорхойлов. Лабораторийн шинжилгээний дүнгээс үзэхэд түлшний бохирдлын хэмжээнд тракторын гүйцэтгэх ажлын төрөл, түүний талбайд ажиллах хугацаа нөлөөлж байна. Ялангуяа хаврын тариалалт, намар талбайн уриншийн боловсруулалт хийх үед түлшний бохирдол их, түлшинд байгаа механик хольцын геометр хэмжээ томорч байна.

 Түлхүүр үг: Дизель түлш, түлшний дээж, орчны тоосжилт, түлшний бохирдол
«Psykologi var jo ikke så stort på 1600-tallet.» Utforskende lesing av eldre lyrikk i norskfaget på videregående skole
Authors: Fodstad Lars August , Vetnes Marita Røilid
Published: July 2021

I denne artikkelen undersøker vi utforskende gruppesamtaler med utgangspunkt i eldre lyrikk i norskfaget på Vg2 studiespesialiserende program. Vi undersøker hva som skjer når elever får lese og samtale om tekstene uten først å få innføring i deres litteratur­historiske kontekst. Mer spesifikt spør vi hvilke tolkingsmessige utfordringer elevene møter i diktene, i hvilken grad utfordringene skyldes manglende kontekstuell kunnskap, og hvordan elevene håndterer dem. På et mer overordnet nivå reiser undersøkelsen spørsmål om hva det innebærer å lese tekst i kontekst. Bakgrunnen for studien er på den ene siden faghistorisk, grunnet i en langvarig spenning mellom kulturhistorisk kunnskap og tekstanalytiske ferdigheter i norskfaget, som aktualiseres ytterligere med fag­fornyelsen av 2020. På den andre siden er studien motivert ut fra manglende kunnskap om hvordan litteraturundervisning kan utformes slik at elever gis muligheter til å lese eldre tekster utforskende, men samtidig med forståelse for både tekstens og lesningens historiske kontekst. Materialet består av transkriberte samtaler om én musikklyrisk samtidstekst og tre eldre poetiske tekster i sju grupper à fire elever. I artikkelen blir samtalene om to av disse tekstene analysert, mens de øvrige brukes som bakgrunns­materiale. Analysen blir gjort med særlig blikk for hvilken intertekstuell literacy elevene demonstrerer i møte med de eldre diktene, og mer spesifikt hvordan meningsskapingen skjer i spennet mellom historisk kontekst og samtidskontekst, og mellom tekstens og lesernes horisont. Med utgangspunkt i tekstforståelsen som kommer til uttrykk i sam­talene, er formålet med undersøkelsen å drøfte didaktiske implikasjoner for undervis­ning i eldre tekster og litteraturhistorie. I samtalene driver elevene aktivt, menings­søkende arbeid preget av undring, spørsmål og tolkningshypoteser. Samtidig preges samtalene av at elevene mangler kunnskap om historisk situerte tekstkonvensjoner og litteratursyn.
Nøkkelord: litteraturundervisning, litteraturhistorie, lyrikk, utforskende lesing, litterære samtaler, litterær kompetanse
Comparison of Dexmedetomidine and Dexamethasone as Adjuvants to Ultra-Sound Guided Interscalene Block in Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgery: A Double-Blinded Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study
Authors: Margulis Roman , Francis Jacquelyn , Tischenkel Bryan , Bromberg Adam , Pedulla Domenic , Grtisenko Karina , Cornett Elyse M. , Kaye Alan D. , Imani Farnad , Imani Farsad , Shaparin Naum , Vydyanathan Amaresh
Published: July 2021

Background: Interscalene block is one of the popular methods for decreasing pain and analgesic consumption after shoulder arthroscopic surgeries. Objectives: The objective is to compare the analgesic duration of effects of dexmedetomidine and dexamethasone as adjuvants to 0.5% ropivacaine in ultrasound-guided interscalene blocks for arthroscopic shoulder surgery in an ambulatory setting. Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 117 adult patients candidate for ambulatory arthroscopic shoulder surgery under general anesthesia were divided into three groups to perform an ultra-sound guided interscalene block before the surgery. The ropivacaine (control) group received ropivacaine 0.5% 20 mL, group Dexamethasone received ropivacaine 0.5% 20 mL plus 4mg dexamethasone, and group dexmedetomidine received ropivacaine 0.5% 20 mL plus 75 mcg of dexmedetomidine. Time to return of sensory function, of motor function, of first pain sensation, amount of opioid medication consumed at 24 hours and 48 hours post-operatively were measured. Results: The 24-hour median (25th- 75th percentile) opioid consumption in morphine equivalents was similar between groups 22.5 mg (10 - 30), 15 mg (0 - 30), and 15 mg (0 - 20.6) in the ropivacaine, dexmedetomidine, and dexamethasone groups, respectively (P = 0.130). The median (25th- 75th percentile) 48 hours post-operatively, the median opioid consumption in morphine equivalents was 40 mg (25 - 67.5) in the ropivacaine group, 30 mg (22 - 50.6) in the dexamethasone group, and 52.5 mg (30 - 75) in the dexmedetomidine group (P = 0.278). The median 24-hour pain scores were 6 (5 - 8) in the ropivacaine control group, 7 (5.5 - 8) in the dexamethasone group, and 7 (4 - 9) in the dexmedetomidine group (P = 0.573). Conclusions: There was no statistical difference in opioid consumption at 24 and 48 hours post-operatively when comparing dexmedetomidine, dexamethasone, and no adjuvant. However, intraoperative opioid use was significantly lower with dexmedetomidine compared to dexamethasone and plain 0.5% ropivacaine. The safe side effect profile of dexmedetomidine makes it a reasonable alternative as an adjuvant for peripheral nerve blockade when dexamethasone use may be contraindicated.
Adjuvant Drugs for Peripheral Nerve Blocks: The Role of Alpha-2 Agonists, Dexamethasone, Midazolam, and Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs
Authors: Edinoff Amber N. , Houk Garrett M. , Patil Shilpa , Bangalore Siddaiah Harish , Kaye Aaron J. , Iyengar Priya Shelvan , Cornett Elyse M. , Imani Farnad , Mahmoudi Kamran , Kaye Adam M. , Urman Richard D. , Kaye Alan D.
Published: July 2021

: Adjuvant drugs for peripheral nerve blocks are a promising solution to acute postoperative pain and the transition to chronic pain treatment. Peripheral nerve blocks (PNB) are used in the brachial plexus, lumbar plexus, femoral nerve, sciatic nerve, and many other anatomic locations for site-specific pain relief. However, the duration of action of a PNB is limited without an adjuvant drug. The use of non-opioid adjuvant drugs for single-shot peripheral nerve blocks (sPNB), such as alpha-2 agonists, dexamethasone, midazolam, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, can extend the duration of local anesthetics and reduce the dose-dependent adverse effects of local anesthetics. Tramadol is a weak opioid that acts as a central analgesic. It can block voltage-dependent sodium and potassium channels, cause serotonin release, and inhibit norepinephrine reuptake and can also be used as an adjuvant in PNBs. However, tramadol’s effectiveness and safety as an adjuvant to local anesthetic for PNB are inconsistent. The effects of the adjuvants on neurotoxicity must be further evaluated with further studies to delineate the safety in their use in PNB. Further research needs to be done. However, the use of adjuvants in PNB can be a way to help control postoperative pain.
Association Study of rs2987983 Polymorphism in the Promoter Region of ESR2 Gene and Susceptibility to Nodular Thyroid in Women of Markazi Province, Iran
Authors: Yousefi Maryam , Hamta Ahmad , Sadeghi Abdorrahim , Hashemi Mehrdad , Talaii Afsaneh , Fazeli Mosleh Abadi Masood , Mohammadi Fatemeh
Published: July 2021

Background: The risk of thyroid disease has been increased during recent years; more than 200 million people are suffering from various types of thyroid diseases. The rate of thyroid nodules in women is 4 times more than that of men. Epidemiological findings and experimental evidence of thyroid lesions suggest that sex hormones, especially estrogen, may affect this gland and its neoplasms. Objectives: Considering the prevalence of benign and malignant thyroid disease in women, we investigated the association between rs2987983 polymorphism in the estrogen receptor beta gene and nodular thyroid disease. Methods: In this case-control study, 146 patients with thyroid nodules from Amir- Almomenin Hospital in Arak were compared with 151 healthy individuals. The diagnosis was performed by ultrasonography and confirmed by an endocrinologist. After DNA extraction, genotyping was performed with T-ARMS PCR. Finally, statistical analysis was carried out. Results: The frequencies of AA, AG, and GG genotypes in the case group were 48 (32.9%), 83 (56.8%), and 15 (10.3%), respectively. These values in the control group were 64 (42.4%), 64 (42.4%), and 23 (15.2%), respectively. Overall, a statistically significant association (P = 0.042, χ2 = 6.3, df = 2) was observed between rs2987983 polymorphism and thyroid nodules. Conclusions: Considering the significant association between rs2987983 polymorphism and thyroid nodules, it can be suggested that the mentioned polymorphism may be used as a diagnostic biomarker. Because this polymorphism is in the promoter region of the gene, it probably alters gene expression levels.
Effect of the Internal Septum Extract of the Walnut Kernel on the Mesenchymal Stem Cells Cycle and MSCs-derived Insulin-Producing Β-cells Differentiation and Glucose Uptake
Authors: Aghapour SK Fatemeh , Sisakhtnezhad Sajjad
Published: July 2021

Background: For years, scientists have been striving to identify compounds to improve the characteristics and functions of cells for therapeutic applications. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the aqueous decoction of the internal septum of the walnut kernel (DISWK) on the survival, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and cell cycle of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBM-MSCs). We also evaluated the expression of genes involved in pancreatic insulin-producing β-cell (IPCs) commitment and glucose uptake in MSCs-derived IPCs. Methods: The rBM-MSCs were isolated, and then the cytotoxic and antioxidant effects of DISWK on the cells were examined by the MTT and TAC assays, respectively. Moreover, the influence of DISWK on the rBM-MSCs cell cycle was evaluated by PI-staining and flow-cytometry analysis. Next, the rBM-MSCs were transdifferentiated into IPCs treated with DISWK. Finally, Ins1/2, Insr, Glut1, Glut4, and Pdx1 genes expression was investigated in the DISWK-treated IPCs by qRT-PCR. Results: The results indicated that DISWK significantly reduced the viability of rBM-MSCs in a dose- and time-dependent manner and decreased their TAC in long-term cultures. Moreover, it suppressed the rBM-MSCs cell cycle at S and G2 phases. The gene expression analysis showed that DISWK significantly upregulated Ins1/2, Insr, and Glut1 genes and downregulated Pdx1 gene in the rBM-MSCs-derived IPCs. Conclusions: Decoction of the internal septum of walnut kernel suppresses the MSCs cell cycle and may prevent IPCs development via inhibiting Pdx1. It may also help glucose uptake by upregulating Ins1/2, Insr, and Glut1 genes expression in MSCs-derived IPCs.
Challenges in the Marital Life of Women with Gynecological Cancers: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Alinejad Mofrad Samaneh , Nasiri Ahmad , Mahmoudirad Gholamhossein , Homaei Shandiz Fatemeh
Published: July 2021

Background: Gynecological cancer is an unfortunate event. Due to cultural and social constraints, there is insufficient information as to the challenges of Iranian women with this cancer. Objectives: The aim of this study was explaining the marital life challenges of patients with gynecological cancer. Methods: A qualitative study was performed through semi-structured and face-to-face interviews, and the data was analyzed through conventional content analysis. The participants included 16 women with gynecological cancer referred to three medical centers in Mashhad, Iran. Results: By analyzing the data, three categories were obtained :1) concerns about losing their position in marital life (forcing to stop sexual intercourse, increasing the burden of life on the spouse and reducing the patient's presence in marital life), 2) effect of the disease on sexual relations (deterioration of intimacy, unpleasant experiences during sexual intercourse and the occurrence of gradual sexual frigidity), and 3) concerns about the possibility of divorce and separation (being out of favor with husband and marital conflicts). Conclusions: Women with gynecological cancer face numerous challenges. It is necessary to inform nurses and physicians about this issue to increase their understanding of these women's problems. Also, holding educational classes and counseling sessions along with medical treatment for patients can play an essential role in promoting the health of these women in various dimensions.
Cambio de paradigma o reforma del prohibicionismo: el consumo de cannabis en el tribunal constitucional mexicano
Authors: Beltrán-Velarde Daniel , Íñiguez-Rueda Lupicinio
Published: July 2021

Mexico is at a crossroads in terms of drug policy. The judicial route has recently positioned itself as a possible tool to dismantle a century of prohibitionism that, in its historical development, has resulted in significant grievances for the country. The purpose of this article is to understand the ruling that declared the absolute prohibition of cannabis unconstitutional in 2018. The main premises and argumentation techniques were identified through an argumentative analysis. The results reveal a display of hierarchies, facts, values, presumptions and commonplaces that lead to the liberal premise of allowing that which does not harm third parties. Despite ruling in favor of individual liberty, the judgement represents a reform of prohibitionism.
Religiones, teologías y colonialidad: hacia la decolonización de los estudios académicos de las religiones y las teologías
Authors: Aguirre Javier
Published: July 2021

This text analyses the routes to develop decolonial academic studies of religions and theologies. Based on a literature review of the subject, the text discusses the following questions: What does it mean to advance decolonial academic studies of religions and theologies? To what extent is it possible for the academic study of religion and theology to go beyond the dominant colonial matrix of power? What specific challenges are faced by scholars interested in developing decolonial discussions of religions and theologies?
Activismo conservador y respuestas de la movilización por los derechos LGBT en México a nivel subnacional
Authors: López Jairo Antonio
Published: July 2021

This article analyses conservative activism and responses to it by subnational level LGBT rights mobilization in Mexico. It studies the case of Veracruz from a perspective that integrates movement-countermovement interaction, using a process reconstruction methodology based on press analysis and in-depth interviews. Two mechanisms of movement response to counter-movement actions are identified: learning and adaptation of repertoires. These responses, which modify strategies and practices, reveal a process that has forced the LGBT movement to shift its actions from the subnational to the national level, given the high veto capacity of conservative activism to limit reforms and changes in Mexican states.
The Politics of Identity, Ethnography and the Link between Academia and Society: An Interview with Claire Alexander
Authors: Ramírez Carolina , Chan Carol
Published: July 2021

In this conversation, Claire Alexander discusses the overlap between her social research and biographical trajectories, showing us how shifts in academic work are linked to broader transformations, in this case, linked to the politics of identity, ethnicity, and race in the United Kingdom. Alexander also tells us about the meaning and value of ethnographic work, including her experience of “revisiting” places and maintaining links with her research participants over time. Strongly influenced by Stuart Hall, Claire also talks about the importance of communicating ideas to and generating dialogues with those outside of academia. She reflects on her interdisciplinary academic collaborations and work with civil society organizations, and invites us to be committed to and engaged with our contexts and social transformation.
Impact of prostate focused alignment on planned pelvic lymph node dose
Authors: Kilian‐Meneghin Joshua , Ma Tianjun , Kumaraswamy Lalith
Published: July 2021

Purpose

Prostate patients with positive lymph node margins receive an initial course of 45 Gy to the planning target volume (PTV) comprised of prostate, seminal vesicles, and lymph nodes with a 1‐cm margin. The prostate is localized via implanted fiducial markers before each fraction is delivered using portal‐imaging. However, the pelvic lymph nodes are affixed to the bony anatomy and are not mobile in concert with the prostate. The aim of this study was to determine whether a significant difference in pelvic lymph node coverage exists between planned and delivered external beam therapy treatments for these patients.

Methods

The recorded prostate motions were gathered for 19 patients; conjointly the pelvic lymph node motions were determined by manual registration of the bony anatomy in the kV‐images. The difference between the prostate and the bony anatomy coordinates was input into Eclipse as field shifts to represent the deviation in planned vs delivered pelvic lymph node coverage.

Results

Structure volume at V(100) was recorded for each patient for two structures: summed pelvic lymph nodes (LN CTV) and pelvic lymph nodes +1 cm margin (LN PTV) to express their contribution to the PTV. For the LN PTV, the average difference between the planned coverage and calculated delivered coverage was 3.5%, with a paired t‐test value of P = 0.005. Based upon bony anatomy registration, 26% of patients received less than 95% dose coverage using V(100) criteria for LN PTV. Dose value differences between the two plans at minimum were 6.96 ± 6.23 Gy, at mean were 0.54 ± 0.40 Gy, and at maximum were 0.10 ± 0.29 Gy. For the LN CTV, the average difference between the planned coverage and calculated delivered coverage was 1%, with a paired t‐test value of P = 0.53.

Conclusions

The results indicate a significant difference exists between the planned coverage and calculated delivered coverage for the LN PTV. There was no significant difference found for the LN CTV. We conclude that lymph node motion must be considered with the prostate motion when aligning patients before each fraction.
A Facile Nanoimpregnation Method for Preparing Paper‐Based Sensors and Actuators
Authors: Brito‐Pereira Ricardo , Tubio Carmen Rial , Lanceros‐Mendez Senentxu , Martins Pedro
Published: July 2021

Paper‐based advanced functional materials have become the focus of intense research in recent years. Particularly, magnetic papers show strong potential for applications in a wide range of 4.0 technologies including communication, magnetic sensing, electromagnetic filtering, magnetic‐based health care tools, point‐of‐care microfluidic devices, and security. In situ and lumen‐loading, the main methods to prepare magnetoactive papers, have problems such as the rigorous reaction conditions, hard control of deposition location, decreased tensile strength, poor retention of magnetic nanoparticles, or the obligation to perform the magnetic impregnation during the papermaking process, that hinder their applicability. Those issues are addressed in the present work, in which ≈20 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles are hydrothermally synthesized and later incorporated in a wax‐based home‐made cartridge and nanoimpregnated into paper by a thermal process leading to a magnetic paper with improved stress and strain at rupture and Young's modulus, 30 MPa, 4.5%, and 2 GPa, respectively, when compared to neat paper, 15 MPa, 3.5%, and ≈1 GPa, respectively. Additionally, the reported magnetic impregnation method provides the paper with a 0.2 emu g–1 magnetic saturation, allowing it to work as a bending actuator with a bending of 12 mm at an applied magnetic field of 105 mT.
Porous Transport Layers for Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolysis Under Extreme Conditions of Current Density, Temperature, and Pressure
Authors: Stiber Svenja , Balzer Harald , Wierhake Astrid , Wirkert Florian Josef , Roth Jeffrey , Rost Ulrich , Brodmann Michael , Lee Jason Keonhag , Bazylak Aimy , Waiblinger Wendelin , Gago Aldo Sau , Friedrich Kaspar Andreas
Published: July 2021

Hydrogen produced via water electrolysis powered by renewable electricity or green H2 offers new decarbonization pathways. Proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) is a promising technology although the current density, temperature, and H2 pressure of the PEMWE will have to be increased substantially to curtail the cost of green H2. Here, a porous transport layer for PEMWE is reported, that enables operation at up to 6 A cm−2, 90 °C, and 90 bar H2 output pressure. It consists of a Ti porous sintered layer (PSL) on a low‐cost Ti mesh (PSL/mesh‐PTL) by diffusion bonding. This novel approach does not require a flow field in the bipolar plate. When using the mesh‐PTL without PSL, the cell potential increases significantly due to mass transport losses reaching ca. 2.5 V at 2 A cm−2 and 90 °C. On the other hand, the PEMWE with the PSL/mesh‐PTL has the same cell potential but at 6 A cm−2, thus increasing substantially the operation range of the electrolyzer. Extensive physical characterization and pore network simulation demonstrate that the PSL/mesh‐PTL leads to efficient gas/water management in the PEMWE. Finally, the PSL/mesh‐PTL is validated in an industrial size PEMWE in a container operating at 90 bar H2 output pressure.
Markup estimation: A comparison of contemporary methods at the example of European food retailers
Authors: Koppenberg Maximilian , Hirsch Stefan
Published: July 2021

We compare the economic and econometric assumptions of two contemporary procedures for the estimation of markups, the stochastic frontier approach (SFA) and the production function approach (PFA), and apply them to EU food retailing over the period 2010–2018. Although, the estimates of the underlying technology of the two methods are similar, our results suggest that the PFA leads to significantly larger markups, yielding approximated excess consumer expenditures 58.14%–313.33% larger than predicted by the SFA. In addition, the correlation of markups between the two methods is low. This can have implications for the consistency of policy recommendations based on the SFA and the PFA as they yield different outcomes with respect to the state of competition in a market. Last, we find a link between market concentration and markups for the PFA pointing towards adverse effects of further concentration on consumer welfare, whereas our results show no evidence for a relationship between SFA markups and market concentration. [EconLit Citations: D22, D43, L11, L13, L81, Q18]
Genetic propensity for risky behavior and depression and risk of lifetime suicide attempt among urban African Americans in adolescence and young adulthood
Authors: Rabinowitz Jill A. , Jin Jin , Kahn Geoffrey , Kuo Sally I.‐Chun , Campos Adrian , Renteria Miguel , Benke Kelly , Wilcox Holly , Ialongo Nicholas S. , Maher Brion S. , Kertes Darlene , Eaton William , Uhl George , Wagner Barry M. , Cohen Daniel
Published: July 2021

Suicide attempts (SA) among African Americans have increased at a greater rate than any other racial/ethnic group. Research in European ancestry populations has indicated that SA are genetically influenced; however, less is known about the genetic contributors that underpin SA among African Americans. We examined whether genetic propensity for depression and risky behaviors (assessed via polygenic risk scores; PRS) independently and jointly are associated with SA among urban, African Americans and whether sex differences exist in these relations. Participants (N = 1,157, 45.0% male) were originally recruited as part of two first grade universal school‐based prevention trials. Participants reported in adolescence and young adulthood on whether they ever attempted suicide in their life. Depression and risky behaviors PRS were created based on large‐scale genome‐wide association studies conducted by Howard et al. (2019) and Karlson Línner et al. (2019), respectively. There was a significant interaction between the risky behavior PRS and depression PRS such that the combination of high risky behavior polygenic risk and low/moderate polygenic risk for depression was associated with greater risk for lifetime SA among the whole sample and African American males specifically. In addition, the risky behavior PRS was significantly positively associated with lifetime SA among African American males. These findings provide preliminary evidence regarding the importance of examining risky behavior and depression polygenic risk in relation to SA among African Americans, though replication of our findings in other African American samples is needed.
Chelation enforcing a dual gold configuration in the catalytic hydroxyphenoxylation of alkynes
Authors: Escayola Sílvia , Poater Jordi , Ramos Miguel , Luque‐Urrutia Jesús Antonio , Duran Josep , Simon Sílvia , Solà Miquel , Cavallo Luigi , Nolan Steven P. , Poater Albert
Published: July 2021

The functionalization of alkynes by Au (N‐heterocyclic carbene, NHC) complexes via the hydrophenoxylation reaction is a paradigm for the discussion between mono and dual metal catalysis. With the aim of mimicking the framework containing two gold units, achieved with molecular boxes, two NHC ligands were joined here with a chelated chain and this motif was examined in the hydrophenoxylation/hydroalkoxylation reactions through DFT calculations. This synthetic motif transforms the standard hydrophenoxylation intermolecular reaction from an inter‐ into an intra‐molecular nucleophilic attack, when forming the C–O bond. Various chain lengths were tested with regard to the coordination of the alkyne to the cationic NHC‐gold(I) center.
Atomic Level Investigations of Early Aggregation of Tau43 in Water II. Tau43‐Aβ42 vs. Tau43‐Tau43 Dimerizations
Authors: Chatterjee Prathit , Cho Myung Keun , Bui Huong T. D. , Ham Sihyun
Published: July 2021

Amyloid β (Aβ) senile plaques and Tau neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are major hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, early stages of Tau aggregation are still limitedly recognized. Here, we present atomistic molecular dynamics simulations and thermodynamics characterizations of heterogeneous Tau43‐Aβ42 and homogeneous Tau43‐Tau43 dimerization processes. Two‐stage approaching‐accommodation mechanism after individual diffusive regime is observed. The approach step involves opposing forces driving two distant monomers to come closer to each other, which are the decrease in protein internal and water‐induced energies, respectively. In the accommodation step, a decrease in protein internal energy is the main driving force for stable compact structure formation. While the charged residues differently initiate and stabilize the dimer structures, the hydrophobic residues (11VQIVYK16 in Tau43 and 39VVIA42 in Aβ42) facilitate the formation of compact dimers, in agreement with experiments. Our results of Tau43‐Aβ42 and Tau43‐Tau43 dimerization will illuminate early onset mechanisms of AD pathology and corresponding therapeutic initiatives.
Multimodal Molecular Imaging and Identification of Bacterial Toxins Causing Mushroom Soft Rot and Cavity Disease
Authors: Dose Benjamin , Thongkongkaew Tawatchai , Zopf David , Kim Hak Joong , Bratovanov Evgeni V. , García‐Altares María , Scherlach Kirstin , Kumpfmüller Jana , Ross Claudia , Hermenau Ron , Niehs Sarah , Silge Anja , Hniopek Julian , Schmitt Michael , Popp Jürgen , Hertweck Christian
Published: July 2021

Soft rot disease of edible mushrooms leads to rapid degeneration of fungal tissue and thus severely affects farming productivity worldwide. The bacterial mushroom pathogen Burkholderia gladioli pv. agaricicola has been identified as the cause. Yet, little is known about the molecular basis of the infection, the spatial distribution and the biological role of antifungal agents and toxins involved in this infectious disease. We combine genome mining, metabolic profiling, MALDI‐Imaging and UV Raman spectroscopy, to detect, identify and visualize a complex of chemical mediators and toxins produced by the pathogen during the infection process, including toxoflavin, caryoynencin, and sinapigladioside. Furthermore, targeted gene knockouts and in vitro assays link antifungal agents to prevalent symptoms of soft rot, mushroom browning, and impaired mycelium growth. Comparisons of related pathogenic, mutualistic and environmental Burkholderia spp. indicate that the arsenal of antifungal agents may have paved the way for ancestral bacteria to colonize niches where frequent, antagonistic interactions with fungi occur. Our findings not only demonstrate the power of label‐free, in vivo detection of polyyne virulence factors by Raman imaging, but may also inspire new approaches to disease control.
Bilateral branch pulmonary artery Pulsta valve implantation for treatment of large right ventricular outflow tract in a high‐risk patient
Authors: Kim Jung Yoon , Kim Seong‐Ho , Jang So Ick
Published: July 2021

Percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation (PPVI) has been implemented as a novel alternative strategy to surgical pulmonary valve replacement. However, PPVI has an inevitable limitation: the large right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) lesions exhibit variable geometry and significant pulmonary regurgitation (PR). To overcome this limitation, bilateral branch pulmonary artery (PA) valve implantations using Melody or Sapien valves have been attempted and have shown a reduction in right ventricular volume with clinical benefits in the intermediate term. Nevertheless, these trials also have constraints of large branch PA size. Recently, a feasibility study using the Pulsta valve (Tae Woong Medical Co, Gyeonggi‐do, South Korea) for native RVOTs was reported; the diameter of the Pulsta valve ranges from 18 to 32 mm. Herein, we present a successful percutaneous bilateral branch PA valve implantation using two 32 mm Pulsta valves in a 59‐year‐old man who showed right heart failure with severe pulmonary regurgitation despite several open heart surgeries for tetralogy of Fallot. The main PA was measured to be 49 mm, and both the right and left PAs were measured to be 30 mm.
Variations in Complementary Hydrogen Bonds Direct Assembly Patterns of Isosteric Polyheteroaromatics at Surfaces
Authors: Wisman David L. , Kim Heechan , Kim Chungryeol , Morris Tobias W. , Lee Dongwhan , Tait Steven L.
Published: July 2021

Intermolecular interactions guide self‐assembly on the surface. Precise control over these interactions by rational design of the molecule should allow fine control over the self‐assembly patterns. Functional groups installed for electronic modulation often induce significant changes in the molecular dimensions, thereby disrupting the original assembly pattern. To overcome this challenge, we have employed a family of isosteric phenazine derivatives,DHP,DAP, andDBQD, to investigate the impacts of hydrogen bonding on two‐dimensional molecular self‐assembly. While these molecules are similar in size and chemical composition, the strength and directionality of hydrogen bonding differ significantly depending on the chemical structure of donor‐acceptor pairs and prototropic tautomerization from positional isomerism. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) characterization of the assembled structures on Ag(111), Au(111), and Cu(100) surfaces revealed that minimal changes in molecular structure have a profound impact on the self‐assembly patterns. WhileDHPexhibits highly ordered and robust assemblies,DAPandDBQDshow either spatially confined or ill‐defined assemblies. In conjunction with hydrogen bonding, prototropic tautomerism is a potent strategy to modulate molecular 2D lattices on surfaces.