bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polyglycerol polyricinoleate stabilised water-in-oil emulsion: structural characteristics and functional performance
Authors: Wang Jun , Zhao Wenpeng , Jiang Jingjing , Xu Huiqing , Li Songnan , Lim Wei Shan
Published: June 2022

In the present work, the relationship between structural characteristics and functional performance in polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR) stabilised water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions was investigated. Novel W/O emulsions with a PGPR concentration of 4%, and oil volume fractions (φO) of 0.7 and 0.8 showed the smallest mean droplet size (~5 μm) and highest emulsification index (~97%). Both W/O emulsions showed shear-thinning and elastic-dominant properties with a weak frequency dependence. Both W/O emulsions possessed superior thixotropic recovery properties with recovery percentages of 131.26% (φO = 0.7) and 114.56% (φO = 0.8). The thermo-responsive properties could be closely related to the PGPR aggregation induced by hydrophobic interaction and interfacial rearrangement. The present work helped to design and develop functional W/O emulsions as alternatives to butter spreads, bio-lubricants, and other thermo-responsive delivery systems.
Physicochemical properties of spray-dried cantaloupe powder and rheological behaviour of cake icing
Authors: Tan Suet Li , Sulaiman Rabiha , Rukayadi Yaya , Ramli Nurul Shazini
Published: June 2022

Cantaloupe is an excellent source of carotenoids, phenolics, flavonoids, carbohydrates, and minerals. Fresh cantaloupe is a seasonal fruit, highly perishable, and has a short shelf life. In the present work, the physicochemical properties of spray-dried cantaloupe powder with various Arabic gum (AG) concentrations (5 - 15%), and its food application in cake icing were evaluated. Results showed that spray-dried cantaloupe powder with 10% AG exhibited the best quality in terms of moisture content, hygroscopicity, hue, water solubility index, and total carotenoid content. A rheological test was then conducted on the cake icing incorporated with spray-dried cantaloupe powder with 10% AG at a powder-to-icing ratio of 1:10, and in temperature between 15 and 35°C. Steady shear flow of cake icing incorporated with spray-dried cantaloupe powder fit the Power Law model. The flow behaviour index of the icing was 0.134, and showed no significant difference (p < 0.05) with the control sample. The cake icing incorporated with spray-dried cantaloupe powder showed higher b* value (yellowness) as compared to the control sample. This indicated that spray-dried cantaloupe powder with 10% AG has the potential to produce cake icing with a natural colorant and high in antioxidants, with no significant effect on the flow behaviour index of the produced cake icing.
Valorisation of bioactive compounds from Bentong ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe var. Bentong) using ultrasound-assisted extraction
Authors: Agian Vadi , Kamaruddin Syafiq Hakimi , Suleiman Norhidayah
Published: June 2022

The present work demonstrated the bioactive compound recovery from Bentong ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe var. Bentong) using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) in terms of crude yield (CY), as well as total phenolic content (TPC), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and ferric reducing-antioxidant power (FRAP), which reflected the antioxidant properties. These response variables were evaluated as functions of the independent variables; temperature (30 - 60°C), time (10 - 30 min), and ultrasonic intensity (1768 - 5304.10 W/cm2), using response surface methodology (RSM). The variables were optimised using quadratic polynomial through the correlations calculated from the regression models fitted to the experimental data. The predicted values of CY, TPC, FRAP, and DPPH under the optimal conditions (40°C, 3536.78 W/cm2, and 25 min) were 23.42%, 778.08 mg GAE/g, 636.08 µmol Fe2+/g, and 150.01%, respectively. These experimental values were well fitted with the predicted values, except for DPPH. With UAE set at the optimal conditions, a pre-leaching step (PLS) was added to the process to investigate its effect on the extraction. It was found that PLS-UAE produced higher extraction yields (30.15%); however, the antioxidant activity of the extracts was significantly (p < 0.05) higher at the optimised condition for UAE only treatment. The PLS application led to structural cell damage which increased CY, and this was validated through scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Software Reusability Estimation based on Dynamic Metrics using Soft Computing Techniques
Authors: Duhan Manju , Bhatia Pradeep Kumar
Published: June 2022

Dynamic metrics capture the run time features of object-oriented languages, i.e., runtime polymorphism, dynamic binding, etc., that are not covered by static metrics. Therefore, in this paper, we derived a new approach to measuring the software reusability of a design pattern based on dynamic metrics. To achieve this, the authors proposed a model based on five parameters, i.e., polymorphism, inheritance, number of children, coupling, and complexity, to measure the reusability factor by using various soft computing techniques, i.e., Fuzzy, Neural Network, and Neuro-Fuzzy. Further, we also compared the proposed model with four existing machine learning algorithms. Lastly, we found that the proposed model using the neuro-fuzzy technique is trained well and predicts well with MAE (Mean absolute error) 0.003 and RMSE (Root mean square error) 0.009 based on dynamic metrics. Hence, it is concluded that dynamic metrics are a better predictor of the reusability factor than static metrics.
Examining Techniques to Solving Imbalanced Datasets in Educational Data Mining Systems
Authors: Al-Ashoor Ahmed , Abdullah Shubair
Published: June 2022

The educational data mining research attempts have contributed in developing policies to improve student learning in different levels of educational institutions. One of the common challenges to building accurate classification and prediction systems is the imbalanced distribution of classes in the data collected. This study investigates data-level techniques and algorithm-level techniques. Six classifiers from each technique are used to explore their effectiveness to handle the imbalanced data problem while predicting students’ graduation grade based on their performance at the first stage. The classifiers are tested using the k-fold cross-validation approach before and after applying the data-level and algorithm-level techniques. For the purpose of evaluation, various evaluation metrics have been used such as accuracy, precision, recall, and f1-score. The results showed that the classifiers do not perform well with imbalanced dataset, and the performance could be improved by using these techniques. As for the level of improvement, it varies from one technique to another. Additionally, the results of the statistical hypothesis testing confirmed that there were no statistically significant differences for classifiers of the two techniques.
Driving Cleaner: Electric Cars and Pickups Beat Gasoline on Lifetime Global Warming Emissions
Authors: Reichmuth David , Dunn Jessica , Anair Don
Published: June 2022

Passenger cars and trucks are one of the largest sources of global warming emissions in the US. Electric vehicles (EVs) have the potential to dramatically reduce these emissions, especially when charged by low-carbon renewable electricity. New UCS analysis finds that over its lifetime—from manufacturing to operation to disposal—the average new battery electric vehicle produces more than 50 percent less global warming pollution than a comparable gasoline or diesel vehicle. Based on the most recently available data on power plant emissions and EV sales, driving the average EV in the US produces global warming emissions equal to a gasoline vehicle that gets 91 miles per gallon. To speed climate benefits and to encourage more drivers to choose electric vehicles, the report recommends policy changes and investments to bring even more renewable energy onto the grid, develop robust battery recycling programs to help reduce manufacturing impacts, and make EVs more accessible and affordable.
O MOVER-SE DA LINGUAGEM: ASPECTOS COLABORATIVOS DA "ESCRITA NÃO CRIATIVA"
Authors: Da Silva Santos Sergio Marcone
Published: June 2022

Argumentamos neste artigo que a prática copie e cole, presente nas produções que recebem o nome de “escrita não criativa” (ENC) (GOLDSMITH, 2015), tem como marco a noção de colaboração desenvolvida a partir de 1968, e consolidada com a difusão da internet provocada pela criação da World Wide Web (www), em 1989. Discutiremos que tais característicos inserem o apropriacionismo do século XXI numa lógica que dialoga com as mudanças tecnológicas de nosso tempo baseada na manipulação de materiais já existentes, tal como o fazemos corriqueiramente no traslado de arquivos digitais diversos de um lugar a outro, alterando-os como, quando e o quanto quisermos; ou quando acrescentamos, modificamos ou suprimimos linhas em arquivos open source, como o Linux, ou do tipo Wikipedia. Assim como usuários e programadores manipulam dados que estão à disposição e lançam mão sobre eles, movendo a linguagem de lugar sob aspectos colaborativos, artistas podem se sentir à vontade a utilizarem procedimentos semelhantes na produção de obras literárias voltando-se para intervenções, enxertos, citações e plágio intencional. Nosso objetivo é discutir a cópia como procedimento a partir dessas questões, recorrendo a teóricos como Nathalie Heinich (2014), Reinaldo Laddaga (2012), Teixeira Coelho (2019) e Pedro Dolabela Chagas (2018). Tentaremos contextualizar a ENC a partir de nossa premissa, comentando obras como Traffic, de Kenneth Goldsmith (2007), Ensaio sobre os mestres, de Pedro Eiras (2017) e Sessão, de Roy David Frankel (2017). Encerraremos com uma lista de trabalhos que, em nosso entendimento, operam a lógica que nos empenharemos por tratar.
Search Engine Optimization : An overview
Authors: Owesh Khatri  , Dr. Kirti Muley
Published: June 2022

In today’s world internet is growing with each passing day. Data is very huge and complex. To sort and manage this huge amount of data over large database search engine plays a very important role. Google is the basic and most widely used search engine through which we can optimize the website. With the help of search engine, we can actively gather the visitors to our site. Search engine is the most common part of our daily life. Because of this reason, a search engine plays a very important role as people can search and explore or find according to their needs.
Automation Testing Tool : Parasoft SOA
Authors: Dhanashree Shivram Chavan
Published: June 2022

In this paper we will discuss about the tool which is widely use for testing that is SOA (Service oriented architecture). SOA provides the flexibility and connectivity which increases both the opportunity for errors and the complexity of the testing. With Parasoft SOAtest we can test fully integrated API and web service that automate end-to-end functional API testing. Parasoft SOAtest automates API testing by providing advanced test creation capabilities that leverage AI and machine learning to process service definitions and recorded traffic, produce maintainable and reusable test assets, and enable continuous functional and load testing.
La Casa de las Golondrinas. Estudio compositivo y comparativo
Authors: Burguete Gil Carmen
Published: June 2022

Vicente Sancho fue un reconocido arquitecto que desarrolló su trabajo durante los primeros años del siglo XX. Éste se enmarca en el estilo del Modernismo valenciano. Consiguió gran admiración en su tiempo. Sin embargo, a pesar de ello, su labor es prácticamente desconocida en la actualidad. Uno de sus edificios más espectaculares fue “la casa de las golondrinas”, tanto por su tamaño como por su profundo estudio compositivo. En este artículo se ha estudiado el edificio a nivel compositivo y se ha comparado con algunos edificios modernistas valencianos incluidos en el catálogo de bienes protegidos de Valencia. El objetivo de este estudio es hacer resurgir y poner en valor la arquitectura de Vicente Sancho.
Levantamiento gráfico digital del conjunto de casas de pescadores del cabo de Cullera (Valencia)
Authors: Gil Piqueras Teresa , Rodríguez-Navarro Pablo , Anaya Visbal José Eduardo
Published: June 2022

Para conocer un bien arquitectónico la mayor fuente de información es la que obtenemos a través del levantamiento gráfico. El avance tecnológico que hemos vivido en la última década ha supuesto una aproximación de la tecnología al usuario, permitiéndonos manejar herramientas y software hasta hace poco inimaginables, a la vez que obtener levantamientos de gran precisión en escaso tiempo de toma de datos. La investigación que aquí se muestra recoge el levantamiento del conjunto de las casas de pescadores situadas en el cabo de Cullera, actualmente propiedad del ayuntamiento. El objetivo del levantamiento es conocer, analizar y estudiar las casas con la intención de plantear estrategias que ayuden a su restauración, conservación y puesta en valor.
La escritura de la reseña científica y su enseñanza en la universidad: análisis de las capacidades del alumnado novel
Authors: Munarriz Ibarrola Amaia , Diaz de Gereñu Leire , Manterola Ibon
Published: June 2022

La reseña es un género textual híbrido de carácter expositivo-argumentativo que resulta muy apropiado para iniciarse en la producción de textos académicos en educación superior, ya que permite desarrollar algunas de las destrezas comunicativas, discursivas y lingüísticas propias de los textos académicos. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar un análisis de reseñas escritas en euskera por alumnado universitario de primer año con el objetivo de identificar índices para mejorar la intervención de enseñanza actual. El análisis de las reseñas se ha centrado en estos tres niveles: planificación general del texto, cohesión nominal y modalización. Los resultados constatan que, si bien se incluyen los componentes básicos de la macroestructura de la reseña, se observan ciertos aspectos a mejorar como son la introducción del tema y objetivo del texto reseñado y la valoración. Otras dificultades están relacionadas con aspectos como la imprecisión en el uso de la terminología propia del ámbito académico a la hora de hacer referencia al texto reseñado o a su autor(a), y la utilización de verbos declarativos conforme al uso dentro de este género. En base al análisis realizado, detallamos algunos de los objetos didácticos para trabajar con alumnado universitario novel.
Las mujeres escritoras en los cursos de literatura de ELE: análisis de los manuales de Edelsa y Edinumen
Authors: Molina Gil Raúl
Published: June 2022

En la actualidad, cuando la enseñanza de segundas lenguas se encuentra en una permanente búsquedade la inclusión y de la igualdad, se antoja necesario pensar cómo, en qué cantidades y de qué forma sonrepresentadas las mujeres escritoras en los manuales de E/LE. En el presente artículo, nos centramos en lanómina de autoras y autores estudiados y en el tratamiento que reciben en dos de los principales cursos de literatura de dicho ámbito: Curso de literatura. Español lengua extranjera, de la editorial Edelsa, y Curso de Literatura española moderna, de la editorial Edinumen. Para ello, reflexionaremos, desde los estudios de género, sobre el canon literario que dichos volúmenes ofrecen a nuestro alumnado, con el objetivo de discernir si la imagen que les transmitimos aboga por una representación igualitaria o si, por el contrario, perpetúa las diferencias de género tradicionalmente asentadas por la historiografía literaria mayoritaria.
Las rutas literarias en Extremadura como herramienta educativa y turística: una revisión bibliográfica
Authors: De la Montaña Rojo Elena , Soto Vázquez José
Published: June 2022

Una ruta literaria es un recorrido planificado entorno a la biografía y obra de uno o varios autores, con el objetivo de acercar la literatura al destinatario. El presente estudio analiza la situación de las rutas literarias educativas y culturales en Extremadura. Se realiza una revisión bibliográfica sobre el estado de la cuestión en cuanto a las rutas literarias y sobre la legislación vigente en materia educativa. Se han revisado las rutas literarias ya establecidas a nivel nacional y regional. Tras la revisión bibliográfica se ha llevado a cabo la sistematización de la información recopilada para ofrecer una relación ordenada de la bibliografía existente al respecto. Tras este análisis se puede afirmar que la mayor parte de las rutas tienen un uso más turístico que educativo. Se detecta una escasez de rutas elaboradas para la etapa de Educación Primaria. Las rutas suelen tener como destino grandes ciudades. Destaca la lírica como género literario predominante. Queda clara la necesidad de creación de rutas literarias educativas para los alumnos de Educación Primaria en Extremadura.
INSERT como método de comprensión lectora de textos de divulgación científica
Authors: Fajkisová Dominika
Published: June 2022

En el presente estudio se aborda la problemática de la enseñanza de la comprensión lectora en el ámbito concreto de los textos de divulgación científica orientados al alumnado de 1º y 2º de ESO. Para estimular y valorar la capacidad de comprensión lectora de los estudiantes se ha llevado a cabo una investigación en acción a través de la implementación en el aula del método INSERT. A partir de un análisis cualitativo basado en los resultados de comprensión de 5 textos de lectura, buscamos respuestas tanto sobre el nivel de aprendizaje de los alumnos como de la utilidad y validez del método.
Docencia universitaria en contextos híbridos y no presenciales. Nuevos retos y oportunidades para nuevos aprendizajes
Authors: Roig Vila Rosabel , Sirignano Fabrizio Manuel
Published: June 2022

El alto grado de desarrollo y complejidad alcanzado por la sociedad del siglo XXI –al menos según los estándares de lo que se conoce como “sociedad occidental”— requerían, de hace tiempo, reflexionar, investigar, repensar y proponer soluciones en torno a los nuevos procesos educativos (Schofer, Ramirez y Meyer, 2021). Estos deben estar en permanente estado de revisión y estudio para poder realizar los ajustes y calibrado necesarios que requieren la intensidad y densidad de los procesos y acuciantes necesidades que determinan la vida del siglo XXI (Chinn et al., 2021; Reimers, 2016).
A Pesquisa em Didática da Tradução: Evolução, Abordagens e Perspectivas
Authors: Hurtado Albir Amparo , Rodrigues Carlos Henrique
Published: June 2022

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar a evolução da didática da tradução e de suas abordagens pedagógicas, bem como propor perspectivas para a pesquisa. Primeiramente, delineia-se a evolução da formação de tradutores e da pesquisa em didática da tradução. Em seguida, descrevemse as características da pesquisa realizada, organizando-se as abordagens identificadas em dois blocos: abordagens transmissionistas, centradas no professor e orientadas ao produto; e abordagens focadas na aprendizagem do aluno e orientadas ao processo. Então, são apresentadas as áreas em que a pesquisa se concentrou. Por fim, expõem-se os desafios curriculares na formação de tradutores, as necessidades de pesquisa mais prementes, os desafios metodológicos e os problemas a serem enfrentados.
O Mercado de Trabalho de Tradutores e de Intérpretes de Libras-português: uma revisão de publicações recentes - Versão Sintética em Libras
Authors: Vilaça Cruz Renata Cristina , Rodrigues Carlos Henrique , Galán-Mañas Anabel
Published: June 2022

Neste artigo, apresenta-se uma revisão sistemática que identificou artigos, dissertações e teses brasileiras que tinham como tema principal: o mercado de trabalho de tradutores e/ou de intérpretes de Libras--português. A pesquisa adota uma abordagem quanti-qualitativa e os dadosforam analisados com base no método Reporting Items for SystematicReviews and Meta-Analyis (PRISMA). A busca foi realizada por meiodos descritores “tradutor de Libras”, “tradução de Libras”, “intérpretede Libras” e “interpretação de Libras” em quatro plataformas de busca:Capes, SciELO Bitra e BDTD. Após a adoção de todos os critérios de exclusão, foram selecionados nove trabalhos que abordam a temática investigada, porém, de forma tangencial e não específica. A análise foi realizadaconforme os seguintes critérios: temática recorrente, ano de publicação eregião geográfica do estudo. Os resultados apontam a predominância detrês temáticas: trajetória de consolidação da carreira profissional; perfilprofissional; e atribuições e condições de trabalho. Indicam, também, queno ano de 2015 encontra-se a maior quantidade de publicações e que osestudos se concentram, predominantemente, nas regiões Sul e Sudeste.Concluiu-se que há uma lacuna de abordagem da temática, a qual precisa ser preenchida em favor de um melhor conhecimento do mercado detrabalho e de direcionamentos em prol da formação de tais profissionais.
Ukrainian Traditional Circus in Today's Reality: Between Formation and Abasement
Authors: ROMANENKOVA Julia
Published: June 2022

The article is dedicated to modern Ukrainian circus art. Ukraine has a very powerful circus school, represented by highly professional specialists in all the leading genres of circus art. The problem of the traditional circus’s existence is actualized in the face of the challenges of modern society. The fact that a traditional circus is possible only if it contains the animal training genre is emphasized, i.e. use of animals in circus shows. The importance of analyzing the issue solely on the example of state stationary circuses (Ukraine has seven such organizations today) is emphasized, i.e. on the example of circus institutions that own buildings and conditions for animals standing, providing them with the necessary veterinary care, feeding and the necessary regime of keeping. The main challenges of our time are given that threaten the existence of animal training as a genre of circus art: COVID-2019, which made circus performances almost impossible as an element of mass entertainment events due to quarantine restrictions, the Russian-Ukrainian war, which destroys, among other things, the circus industry, the bill about the prohibition of the use of animals in circuses, which threatens the existence of the traditional circus as a whole. The debatable nature of the problem is emphasized, the presence of moral, ethical, legal and economic components of the issue is emphasized. Circus art nowadays can rightfully be considered one of the most advantageous components of the system of performing arts in Ukraine, despite the fact that it has quite a lot of controversial, debatable aspects. Even the classification of this phenomenon has always caused difficulties: whether to consider the circus a sport or an art, what is its place in the system of arts, whether to recognize circus science as an independent field of knowledge.
Питання «повернення до себе» в літературі доби «застою»
Authors: BRATUS Ivan , KUZMENKO Halyna
Published: June 2022

У статті йдеться про різноманітні аспекти формування особистості в радянських реаліях ІІ пол. ХХ ст. При цьому головна увага надається «поверненню до себе», що тісно пов’язано з концепцією внутрішньої самоорганізації. У статті здійснюється фокус на суспільні зрушення в радянському ідеологічному полі 1970-х рр.  Володимиру Орлову вдалося зробити вдалий «зліпок» тогочасних змін, намітити шляхи збереження моральності та людяності в умовах ідеологічного тиску. Розкриття «повернення до себе» в романі «Альтист Данілов» відбувається за кількома напрямками – пошук гендерної, соціальної, гуманістичної, етичної самоідентифікації. Особливу роль у розкритті характеру головного героя відіграє музика, яка зосереджує кроскультурні пошуки навколо естетичного дискурсу. Етичні пошуки головного героя розгортаються на тлі радянської дійсності з елементами містики, що значно розширює можливості автора в застосуванні різних художніх прийомів.  До цих «знахідок» належить баланс між безмежними можливостями головного героя та «владою дисципліни», що значно обмежує його, – ця влада від радянської, «потойбічної системи», та добровільне підкорення особистому духу «рефлектуючого інтелігента другої половини ХХ століття». У статті демонструється намагання Володимира Орлова викликати симпатію саме до людяних виявів персонажів, що опиняються поза впливу радянської системи. Частково це пояснює явище «внутрішньої еміграції» в умовах тоталітарної системи. Наведено приклади художнього контексту пошуків автора, що пояснюють феномен влади та пошуки шляхів уникнення втрати особистого внутрішнього простору. Одним із цих шляхів виступає культивація індивідуальних рис характеру, що опираються розмиттю меж впливу зовнішнього світу на внутрішній культурний світ. Цей внутрішній спротив нав’язливому тиску авторитарного суспільства дозволяє розглядати його ядром своєрідної концепції «віднайдення себе».
Традиції етнокультури як базова характеристика культурної пам’яті
Authors: SAVCHYN Liliia
Published: June 2022

Вагомість особливостей збереження традицій етнокультури є перевагою досліджень філософів, культурологів, істориків та інших галузей вітчизняних  науковців. Їх основні тези декларують ідеї щодо світогляду етносу, який формується на засадах традицій етнокультури. Здебільшого виокремлюються масштабні і ґрунтовні умовиводи – мудрість народу у поєднанні з традиціями є джерелом формування філософії етнокультури. У статті проаналізовано тези щодо етнічної свідомості. На базі усвідомлення світопростору створюються архетипи, що діалектично перетворюються на практичну діяльність. Відтак, саме практична діяльність уможливлює підтвердження достовірності власних умовиводів, які підтверджують емпіричні пріоритети етносів. Так створюються передумови наукових знань, формується досвід сутнісно-змістової основи концептів і понять, які пов’язані з об’єктом етносу. Акцентовано увагу на концепції від набутих знань до формулювання наукових філософських ідей на основі моделювання проблемного поля етнокультури. Здебільшого саме традиції етнокультури відіграють роль неупередженої і раціональної дійсності у галузях культури, освіти, мистецтва. Традиції етнокультури є підвалинами засвоєння, відтворення і трансляції етноуспадкувань завдяки духовному, нематеріальному досвіду попередніх поколінь. 

Узагальнено висновки про культурні традиції, що відіграють домінуючу роль у культурній пам’яті, як індивідуальній так і суспільній. Це зумовлено ланцюгом послідовних подій, наслідком дії законів діалектики та законів заперечення нового старим, переходом кількісних змін у якісні. Трансформації у різних галузях здійснюються завдяки оновленню етнокультурної традиції, шляхом трансляції давніх звичаїв, обрядів, ритуалів у культурну пам’ять.
Джазове аранжування фортепіанної академічної музики
Authors: KURYSHEV Eugen
Published: June 2022

Стаття присвячена вивченню особливостей аранжування музики академічної традиції у контексті джаззінгу. Метою дослідження визначено вивчення специфіки фортепіанного джазового аранжування академічної музики, зокрема на прикладах музики Й. С. Баха та В. А. Моцарта. Розглянуто актуальність творів зазначених композиторів із позицій їх універсальності щодо використання в освітньому процесі, а також їх відомості у широких верствах. Наведено специфіку сольного імпровізаційного музикування як основного методу аранжування. Методологію дослідження склала низка прийомів, які дозволяють вивчати питання джаззінгу як особливої сфери іншого рівня асиміляції джазових типологічних ознак в академічній музиці через використання методів компаративного аналізу та синтезу. Основою дослідження є діалектичний принцип пізнання, системний, соціокультурний підходи. Використано загальнонаукові й міждисциплінарні методи дослідження: аналіз і синтез, індукція і дедукція, порівняння та формалізація. Новизна дослідження полягає у певному упорядкуванні та визначенні своєрідних аранжувальних прийомів у поліфонічній музиці та у творах віденських класиків. У ході дослідження визначено, що джазове аранжування (або джаззінг) дозволяє створити нові композиції з певними інтенціями до музичного зразку, який набуває значення стандарту, оновити погляди на усталені зразки академічної традиції, а саме музику епохи бароко чи віденських класиків, але водночас і збагачується сама: джазові стилі збагачуються академічними новаціями фортепіанних творів, які набувають значення стандарту, і, зберігаючи при цьому орієнтації на іконний для джазу метод імпровізації, утворюють новий змістовий рівень існування.
A Review of Benefits, Constraints, and Research Opportunities in the
Markets for Voluntary Offset Investments
Authors: Dahlstrom Robert
Published: June 2022

Voluntary offset investments provide the opportunity to compensate for the ecological consequences of consumption. Despite this opportunity, many entities do not purchase offset investments. We provide an overview of alternative carbon and biodiversity offset investments. We characterize the marketplace conditions, benefits, and constraints operating in the markets for voluntary carbon and biodiversity offset investments. We subsequently outline research implications inherent to these markets.
A Study on Precipitation Change and its Impact on Wheat Cultivation in Sulaimaniyah Region, Iraq
Authors: Abdul Rahman Akram
Published: June 2022

Using a production function method and district-level data from 1941 to 2020, this study examines the influence of climate change on wheat cropped area in Sulaimaniyah. The data for these time periods provide evidence of an increase in mean rainfall. Since the quantity of rain that fell on Sulaimaniyah during the 79-year research period is averaged out, it comes to 679 mm, which is a good rate for fulfilling agricultural irrigation demands in this location, especially when an essential crop like wheat requires about 450 mm for adequate output. Only nine years, out of the 79 years analyzed, had less than 450 mm of rain, while the rest had more than 450 mm. During the research period, variations in rainfall quantities had an impact on the farmed areas. Season 2019-2020 cultivated about 39250 hectares in Sulaimaniyah Region, with precipitation of 746 mm, while the season before that was one of the wettest, with 1317 mm rain. For the rainy years, which allow greater areas for cultivation, the visual distribution of cultivated areas across the study years reveals a semi-organized pattern. Seasons 2006-2007, 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 were three of the driest seasons, with agricultural areas reduced to bare minimums despite acceptable rainfall levels, although those years were not drought years, since a drought year is defined as a year with less than 300 mm of rain.
El discurso del enmancipador de 1809 (Influencia de la doctrina Pactum traslationi de Francisco Suárez)
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (Quito-Ecuador), Villamarín Carrascal Marcelo
Published: June 2022

En 1809 se produjo en Quito el Primer Grito de la Independencia, cuya resonancia se extendió por todo el continente, convirtiéndose en el inicio de las luchas emancipadoras que, en el caso del Ecuador, culminaron el 24 de mayo de 1822 con la Batalla de Pichincha. Además de las corrientes filosóficas provenientes de la Ilustración francesa, en la construcción del discurso emancipador de 1809 estuvieron presentes de manera gravitante las ideas del Pactum translationis (Convenio de traslado del poder político) del jesuita Francisco Suárez. Esta doctrina contiene el germen de las teorías sobre la democracia y la soberanía popular, gestadas en Inglaterra en torno a la controversia con las teorías del origen divino de los reyes, dominantes en la Europa medieval. Después de 1810 - 1812, la doctrina desaparece del escenario de las luchas independentistas y entre 1824 y 1830 se imponen corrientes europeas que darán forma a un modelo de Estado republicano que perdura hasta nuestros días.
Investigating the relationship between leadership and employee work ethics at eThekwini Municipality Libraries and Heritage Departments
Authors:   , Madlala Kwenza
Published: June 2022

Leaders play a key role in respect of providing a healthy employee work ethic and influencing behaviour across all organisations, particularly within the public sector. The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between leadership and the work ethic of employees within the public sector, with reference to eThekwini municipality’s libraries and heritage department. This area of focus is in light of the serious complaints from the public that senior management should be blamed for the unethical conduct of certain employees over the years. The study employed a quantitative methodology where a questionnaire was used to gather data from a sample of 230 employees, selected from a population of 2300 using the systematic random sampling technique. Data was analysed using SPSS version 20 and excel. The major findings of the study indicate that there was no significant relationship between leadership and an employee’s ethical behaviour. However, employees were aware of what was expected from an ethical point of view, in addition they were also aware of the importance of ethics. The study revealed that employees viewed unethical practices as a serious matter leading to such practices being reported by colleagues. The study highlighted that behaving in an ethical manner was not rewarded by the organisation. The study recommended that the need to consider rewarding employees who display the appropriate ethical conduct, furthermore a position of “ethics” officer should be created to ensure that ethical behaviour and standards are part and parcel of municipal obligations. It is important to be mindful of the fact that the study focused on a single department – the library and heritage, the study recommended further studies be undertaken across the other departments, encompassing the entire municipality in order to have balanced views of ethics at eThekwini Municipality.
An investigation of internal risk control mechanism within the various department of eThekwini Municipality
Authors:   , Khumalo Zinhle P.
Published: June 2022

The central aim of this study is to investigate the current internal risks control mechanism within the various departments of eThekwini Municipality. The research has been conducted specifically in Durban, with regard to the eThekwini municipality senior officials and junior management staff. The major motivation for this study is to assist government’s institutions especially the eThekwini Municipality to improve understanding or awareness within the department on activities affecting exposure to risk and to understand the barriers to implementation of effective internal risk management control mechanisms and strategies. A mixed method approach was employed and the analysis of data was done using data tabulation of themes. The findings of the study revealed that, if the eThekwini Municipality were to improve their risk control mechanisms, all staff members should be properly trained and encouraged to be involved in all levels of the organization. The study also recommended that the eThekwini Municipality consciously improve on identifying organizational risk by applying risk management processes that involve risk identification, risk evaluation, risk control, risk financing and risk monitoring. It is recommended that this process be monitored throughout. Another recommendation of this study was that the eThekwini Municipality must improve on internal risk control processes that include organizing, dividing the institution into various areas for evaluation, developing a plan for subsequent action, conducting internal control reviews, analyzing the general internal control review, documenting the event, evaluating internal control and preparing a report on internal control. This mechanism should be implemented contentiously and to be monitored throughout. It was recommended that eThekwini Municipality implement the ISO 31 000 standards. This policy is recommended because it assists the organizations to reduce the chances of risk and it will assist the eThekwini Municipality to effectively implement their internal control mechanisms. Areas of research include further research into the progress of implementation of strategies that can be employed to improve the internal control mechanism of the eThekwini Municipality and intentional follow up on the models for risk management in South Africa. There are more internal control strategies that can be discovered here and hence the study recommends further research particularly on risk internal control within government institutions.
Qualitative classification of sugar processing stream products by near infrared spectroscopy
Authors:   , Nadar Rowena
Published: June 2022

The Sugar Milling Research Institute NPC (SMRI) is an integral and essential part of the sugar industry as it provides a quality control service among other consultation services to sugar mills in South Africa and other parts of Africa. SMRI uses various prediction equations with near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), in transmission mode, to predict analyte concentrations present in the various sugar stream products. In this study, chemometrics was used to develop a classification model using discriminant analysis, which could be applied to the process analysis to choose the correct prediction equation for a specific sugar stream product. Samples were selected based on various geographical and environmental factors to ensure variability between the samples. Two different types of data sets were explored to determine the best classification model. The first method used the spectral data of absorbance and wavelength of each sample: Pre-processing was carried out to eliminate any scattering effects. Principal component analysis (PCA) was then applied to reduce the data so that only the necessary information remained. Various classification models, namely, K-nearest neighbour (KNN), Classification tree, Support vector machine (SVM), and Logistic regression, were tested and validated by comparing the predicted sample types against actual sample types. Results showed that the KNN (3) model with the Savitzky Golay filter and three principal components (PCs) provided the best separation between the various sugar stream products. The second method used the analyte concentrations for pol (apparent sucrose content), Brix (total dissolved solids), sucrose, fructose, glucose, and ash for the various sugar stream products. These results were standardised before PCA was applied. The same classification models were applied, tested, and validated using actual samples. These results showed that the Logistic regression model with two PCs performed best. The optimum model from each investigation was compared against each other by evaluating the performance measures of the two models. Based on the analyte concentration data, the Logistic regression (lasso) model with two PCs provided the best separation between sugar stream products. The F1 scores and classification accuracies determined this for the calibration and independent validation sample data set, which were 99.4 and 100 %, respectively.
The influence of various drugs on the germination of seeds of Caucasian rhododendron (Rhododendron caucasicum Pall) and yellow rhododendron (Rhododendron luteum Sweet)
Authors:   Main Botanical Garden RAS, Ladyzhenskaya Olga , Kryuchkova Viktoria , Donskikh Vitaly
Published: June 2022

The genus Rhododendron L. includes the most common species of the Ericaceae family and has more than 800 species. Rhododendrons are mostly evergreen, but some taxa are deciduous shrubs or trees. Caucasian rhododendron (Rhododendron caucasicum Pall) and yellow rhododendron (Rhododendron luteum Sweet) are ornamental and medicinal shrubs that are widely used in urban landscaping and home gardens. Due to its high frost resistance, Rhododendron yellow is suitable for growing in temperate climates, which makes it a popular crop in the domestic nursery. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of Formulex, Nitrozyme, Great White, Fitofert Start, Mix Trix Pseudomonas preparations on the germination of rhododendron seeds in comparison with the control. The experiment was carried out on the territory of GBS them. N.V. Tsitsina RAS for two years. As a substrate, a mixture of coconut fiber and soil for coniferous crops was used in a ratio of 1:1. On a container 31x16 cm, 1 g of seeds were sown in three repetitions. Doses of drugs were calculated in accordance with the recommendations of the manufacturers. A significant positive effect on the germination of seeds of Caucasian rhododendron and yellow rhododendron was provided by Nitrozyme and Mix Trix Pseudomonas. The increase in the germination of yellow rhododendron seeds when using Nitrozyme is 32%, when using Mix Trix Pseudomonas - 84%. Keywords: SEED REPRODUCTION, RHODODENDRON CAUCASICUM, RHODODENDRON LUTEUM, SUBSTRATE, BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS, SEED GERMINATION, SEA ALGAE EXTRACT, PSEUDOMONAS FLUORESCENS
Functional outcomes of poor ergonomic posture in university workers
Authors: Riaz Saba , Jawad Rabia , Nawaz Hafiza Anam , Haider Aqsa , Akhtar Iqra , Siddique Sidra
Published: June 2022

Background and Objectives: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are increasing due to poor posture adaptation. Increasing the use of technologies in the office settings is one of the main reasons behind muscle and soft tissue strains. The objective of the study was to determine the pattern of posture-related musculoskeletal pain in office workers.
Methods: This observational study was conducted from 15th May, to 25th June, 2021. Data were collected by convenient sampling. The Nordic Musculoskeletal questionnaire on body postural habits was filled by 150 office workers from different universities of Lahore. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software version 25 was used for statistical analysis.
Results: There were 79 (52.7%) male and 71 (43.7%) female participants, with a mean age of 35.7 ± 5.14 years. Majority (51.3%) of the subjects reported sitting tilted forward, while a few used backrests and footrests for support. Prolonged crossed legs and twisted spine posture were also adopted by many subjects. Neck, lower back, and shoulder were the most affected regions, with increased musculoskeletal pain reported over the last 12 months. Due to recurrent pain in the neck, shoulder, and upper back, difficulty in carrying out routine jobs, housework, and hobbies was reported by 38.7%, 34.7%, and 30% of the subjects, respectively.
Conclusion: Failure to adopt a good ergonomic approach leads to frequent musculoskeletal pain and difficulty in carrying out routine office and household work.
Functional modeling using D-higraph for process hazard analysis
Authors: Bouasla Seif El Islam , Zennir Youcef , EL-Arkam MECHHOUD
Published: June 2022

The main objective of this paper is to present the use of D-higraph to perform hazard analysis. D-higraph is a functional modeling technique; it is used to capture the functional and structural aspects of process plants. It presents not only the functionality of the system with its goals, but also the relation existing between these functions/goals and the devices that perform/achieve them. This work is applied to the study of an industrial case in a petroleum plant in Skikda refinery.
Risk Assessment of an LNG Storage Tank Release
Authors: CHEBLI Sarra , TOLBA Chérif , ZENNIR Youcef
Published: June 2022

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminals ensure the production, storage, and transportation of LNG. Therefore, it assembles critical equipment that can cause hazards to personnel, assets, and the environment. This paper presents a risk assessment for an LNG storage tank release in an LNG terminal. Risk assessment was conducted by applying a HAZOP study, Bowtie analysis, fault tree analysis, and ALOHA (Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres) simulation. The results were to identify causes, consequences, and safeguards of hazards related to over and under pressure in an LNG storage tank. Moreover, a bowtie analysis was established for LNG loss of containment (LOC) from flammable liquids storage tanks. In addition, a fault tree analysis was presented to identify the causes of tank failure considering pressure hazards. Finally, the consequences of LNG released from the storage tank are simulated using the ALOHA software
Hâris el-Muhâsibî’de Eğitimle İlgili Bazı Kavramlar
Authors: Beken Ahmet
Published: June 2022

Eğitim, insanla birlikte var olan bir olgudur. Eğitimin ilmî bir disiplin hâlini alması ise yenidir. Yakın döneme kadar eğitim, din eğitimi, ahlâk ve değer eğitimi şeklinde birbirinden ayrı alanlar da söz konusu değildir. Dolayısıyla bunların ilmî birer disiplin olarak birbirlerinden ayrılmaları da yeni bir hadisedir. Zira tarihsel süreçte eğitim, dinî ve ahlâkî bir karakteri haiz olup bunların her biri diğerinden bağımsız alanlar olarak telakki edilmemiştir. Burada din, eğitime anlamlı gaye ve hedefler sağlarken ahlâk, hem dinin hem de eğitimin önemli amaçlarından birini teşkil etmektedir. Ayrıca tam anlamıyla tahakkuk etmesi, olumlu ve dengeli bir kişilik oluşturması adına eğitimin dinî ve ahlâkî karakteri de önem arz etmektedir. Bu nedenle günümüzde eğitim, din eğitimi, değer ve ahlâk eğitimi şeklindeki adlandırmaların tarihsel süreçte hangi kavramlara karşılandığının ya da hangi kavramlarla ilişkili olduğunun ortaya konması büyük bir önemi haizdir. Ehl-i Sünnet kelâmının ve tasavvufun kurucu isimleri arasında yer alan Hâris el-Muhâsibî (öl. 243/857), insanın dinamik yapısını oluşturan, onun olumlu-olumsuz eylemlerinin kaynağı konumundaki kalp, akıl ve nefsin belli bir ölçü ve denge içerisinde eğitilmesi gerektiği üzerinde duran, bu yönde çok sayıda kavrama yer veren erken dönem âlimlerinden birisidir. Muhâsibî’nin insanın içten dışa değişimi ve dönüşümü, onun eğitimi ve öğretimiyle ilgili farklı kavramlara değindiği görülmektedir. Bu yönüyle çalışmamız, Muhâsibî’nin -günümüzdeki anlamıyla- eğitim, din ve ahlâk eğitimiyle ilgili yer verdiği kavramları konu edinmekte, bunları hangi anlamlarda kullanıldığını ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu şekilde eğitime dair kavramların gelenekten tevarüs edilen birikimle ve klasik metinler bağlamında ele alınması, eğitimin günümüzdeki muhtevasını, yaşadığı değişimleri, daralmaları vs. anlamayı daha da kolaylaştıracaktır. Hem kavramların hem de bunların sahip olduğu muhtevanın tespit edilmesi bağlamında öncelikle Muhâsibî’nin eserlerinden istifade edilmiştir. Buna göre araştırma yazılı dokümanların incelenmesi yöntemiyle ele alınmıştır. Muhâsibî’nin başta edeb olmak üzere eğitime dair ele aldığı kavramlar -dönemin genel anlayışına uygun olarak- dinî ve ahlâkî bir tema taşımaktadır. Ta‘lîm/te‘allum, ders/tedrîs, edeb/te’dîb, tasfiye, tathîr, ıslâh ve mücâhede (mücâdele ve mükâbede) Muhâsibî’nin yer verdiği başlıca kavramlardır. Terbiye, tehzîb, tezkiye ve riyâzet gibi kavramlara ise ya hiç değinmediği ya da çok az değindiği görülmektedir. Muhâsibî, bunlardan edeble -bilhassa tasavvuf çevresinde ele alındığı şekliyle- dinî/ahlâkî bir içerikle ve daha çok nefsin terbiye edilmesi yönüyle ilgilenmiştir. Bunun yanında diğer kavramların da benzer bir içerikle ele alındığı gözlenmektedir.