bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic and Environmental Variation in a Commercial Breeding Program of Perennial Ryegrass
Authors: Fè Dario , Pedersen Morten Greve , Jensen Christian S. , Jensen Just
Published: February 2015

Implementation of genomic selection (GS) for the genetic improvement of forage crops, such as perennial ryegrass, requires the establishment of sufficiently large training populations with high‐quality phenotype and genotype data. This paper presents estimates of genetic and environmental variance and covariance components, obtained in a training population of 1453 F2 families. These families were produced in 2001, 2003, 2005, and 2007, and they were tested at seven locations throughout Europe. Families were cultivated together with commercial varieties that were used as control. Analyses focused on forage yield (green and dry matter) and six traits scored by visual inspection (i.e., rust resistance, aftermath heading, spring growth, density, winter hardiness, and heading date). Data were analyzed with linear mixed models, including fixed effects (trial and control varieties, within year and location), and random effects (breeding values, pedigree or parents, repeated effects of family or parents within location, and within trial environmental effects, to recover interblock information). Results showed very significant genetic variances for all traits, which provide good opportunities for future GS‐based breeding programs. Forage yield showed family heritabilities of up to 0.30 across locations and up to 0.60 within a location. Similar or moderately lower values were found for the other traits. In particular, the heritabilities of rust resistance and aftermath heading were very promising. Genetic correlations between traits were generally low but positive, which increases the potential for multitrait selection.
Screening Corn Hybrids for Cold Tolerance using Morphological Traits for Early‐Season Seeding
Authors: Wijewardana Chathurika , Hock Matthew , Henry Brien , Reddy K. Raja
Published: February 2015

Early planting of corn (Zea mays L.) is a strategy to avoid excessive heat and drought that often negatively influence grain production during its reproductive phase. An experiment was conducted by imposing very low (day/night, 21/13°C), low (25/17°C), and optimum (29/21°C) temperatures during seed germination and seedling growth stages under optimum moisture and nutrient conditions. Above‐ and belowground growth parameters were assessed at 18 d after seeding. Several root morphological traits were assessed using the WinRHIZO root image analysis system. Corn hybrids varied significantly for many traits measured, particularly plant component weights and root morphological parameters. Principal component analysis (PCA) and total low‐temperature response index (TLTRI) methods were used to categorize corn hybrid tolerance to low temperature and to group corn hybrids as cold tolerant, moderately cold tolerant, moderately cold sensitive, and cold sensitive. Total leaf and root weights and cumulative root length and length per unit volume were the most important morphological traits in describing hybrid tolerance to cold temperature. Based on the TLTRI method, relative scores were provided for each hybrid, which ranged from 22.45 to 29.52 among the hybrids. The hybrids CR8410VT3P, D57VP51, and R22BHR43 were classified as cold sensitive and AR1262, DKC6697, DKC6804, and M2V707 as cold tolerant based on PCA and TLTRI techniques. Based on the relative scores assigned in this study, corn producers could select hybrids to maximize corn production in an early planting production system.
Specially invited opinions and research report of the International Water Law Project: global perspectives on the entry into force of the UN Watercourses Convention 2014: part two
Authors: Eckstein Gabriel
Published: February 2015

From the Editor-in-Chief, Dr Jerome Delli Priscoli: This is the second part of a research report on opinions of prominent international water lawyers from each continent on the potential impacts of the 1997 UN Convention on the Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses. The first part of the report was published in Water Policy 16(6).
Cost comparison of seawater for toilet flushing and wastewater recycling
Authors: Ng Tze Ling
Published: February 2015

As freshwater resources are becoming increasingly scarce, unconventional sources of water should be given new consideration. In coastal cities, seawater, with minimal treatment, can be used for toilet flushing, reducing the demand for freshwater. Currently, it is practised on a large scale only in Hong Kong. This study estimates the cost of seawater flushing and compares it to the cost of wastewater recycling for 15 major coastal cities around the world: Buenos Aires, Chennai, Hong Kong, Jakarta, Karachi, Los Angeles, Miami, Mumbai, New York City, Osaka, San Francisco, Shanghai, Singapore, Sydney and Tokyo. While seawater flushing requires a separate network of mains and, therefore, a greater capital cost, wastewater recycling has a higher ongoing treatment cost. Wastewater recycling, depending on the potability of the recycled water, may also require a separate network of mains, but one with a lower maintenance cost due to its lower vulnerability to corrosion compared to seawater mains. This study finds Chennai, Mumbai and Shanghai to have strong potentials for seawater flushing. That these cities have among the highest population densities in the world and are in the developing world explains their relatively lower unit costs for seawater mains.
Groundwater management in China
Authors: Shen Dajun
Published: February 2015

After introducing groundwater development and other issues, the paper analyzes China's groundwater management system and its problems, and provides suggestions for improving the system. Increasing water demand since the 1970s has resulted in severe groundwater overdraft, water level decline and water quality degradation in China, but the current management system is not able to provide an effective and efficient solution. The legislation is separate and local, the management institutions are locally designed and the key management instruments are not integrated. This is because China lacks distinct groundwater management systems, comprehensive legislation, a quality management system and capacity, as well as coordinated institutions, and clear relationships and effective links among systems. To improve groundwater management, the concept of aquifer management and an integrated groundwater management system must be developed. The existing systems need to be restructured to clarify relationships and functions. The groundwater abstraction permit system needs to be reformed to a group permit. A quality management system is required and capacity building must be strengthened.
Vulnerability proxy selection and risk calculation formula for global flood risk assessment: a preliminary study
Authors: Lee Sangeun , Okazumi Toshio , Kwak Youngjoo , Takeuchi Kuniyoshi
Published: February 2015

By using the data from 15 countries in Asia, this study aims to improve the current global flood risk assessment methods in the aspects of vulnerability proxy selection and a risk calculation formula. In estimating global flood risk, the current methods treat vulnerability in a very simplistic manner. Based on recent literature and empirical findings, this study classifies vulnerability into susceptibility (in terms of marginalized groups, unplanned urbanization, and weak governance), and coping capacity. Each of the four components is, in light of global data availability, expressed by eight proxies, namely, age-related dependency ratio, undernourishment prevalence, urbanization growth rate, deforestation, corruption perceptions index, and three core scores from the Hyogo Framework for Action. Regarding the risk calculation formula, this study tries to break through the limitations of the multiple regression, which is commonly used for estimating coefficients and parameters, by applying the partial least squares regression (PLSR) method. The PLSR method makes it possible to include many proxies in the formula without lowering the explanatory power, even when the proxies are highly correlated.
Analysing the terminology of integration in the water management field
Authors: Furlong Casey , Guthrie Lachlan , De Silva Saman , Considine Robert
Published: February 2015

The idea that water management should take an integrated approach has become the global paradigm over the past two decades. This new paradigm has come to be known by many different names. This paper explores the use, history and meaning of these competing terms, and discusses the possible implications of this term-proliferation. The literature indicates that a minimum of 26 distinct terms have been used. The use of different terms appears to have underwritten a belief that each term identifies a distinctly different field of study. After analysing sample definitions and subject areas for the eight most frequently used terms, it has been determined that some terms do have fundamental differences and others are essentially the same. This unnecessary term-proliferation contributes to a ‘knowledge silo’ effect, impeding knowledge-sharing and research advancement within the water management field. It is recommended that both academia and industry start actively considering term-proliferation when searching and publishing literature.
Willingness to pay to improve urban water supply: the case of Sucre, Bolivia
Authors: del Saz-Salazar Salvador , González-Gómez Francisco , Guardiola Jorge
Published: February 2015

In this study the contingent valuation method is applied in order to estimate the willingness to pay (WTP) of the inhabitants of Sucre (Bolivia) for an improvement in the urban water supply system. The study finds that about 55 per cent of households would be willing to pay an increase in their water bill for an improvement in the service. In order to deal with the problem of protest responses and the possible presence of a sample selection bias, a Heckman two-step model was estimated. More specifically, the econometric analysis undertaken reveals that there is no evidence of sample selection bias and that WTP positively relates to the respondents' household income, their level of education, the continuity of the water supply service, and the fact of being forced to carry water to cover their basic needs of drinking, cooking and hygiene.
Reflections on the society’s reaction towards rape victims in Delhi City
Authors: Hetu Vibha
Published: February 2015

In general, most people display stronger beliefs in ?aggravated rape? or
?real rape?; including victims of such rape cases who often identify
themselves as ?rape victims? than the victims of ?simple rape?, where none of
the aggravating circumstances are present. Despite myths to the contrary
these ?simple rape? cases in fact make up the majority of cases. This article
considers the implications of ?real rape? and demonstrates how notions about
what a ?typical rape? should be, in the form of rape myths, directly impact
on societal attitudes towards rape victims and how the media continue to
reinforce and perpetuate the notion of real rape through their selective
reporting of ?serial rape?, ?stranger rape? or especially ?violent rapes?.
Victims of sexual abuse by catholic clerics and their needs for compensation
Authors: Hellmann Deborah
Published: February 2015

Crime victims hold several expectations regarding the compensation of the
harm done to them. In this regard, it is important to distinguish between
material (e.g. financial) and immaterial (e.g. emotional support) needs and
forms of compensation. To explore the matching between desired and actually
awarded compensation, data of a survey with N=104 victims of sexual abuse by
Catholic clerics were analysed. Data analyses revealed that the respondents
most often required an apology and reparation by the Catholic Church followed
by wishes for financial redress. Those were in turn the needs most frequently
met. The majority of the victims also desired an apology and reparation by
the offender, legal punishment for the offender, and therapeutic help for
themselves. However, these forms of compensation were only scarcely provided.
Taking into account further victimological research, findings are discussed
against the background of restorative justice.
Gender and social controversies of in vitro fertilization in Serbia: Discrimination against childless women
Authors: Krickovic-Pele Ksenija , Beker Kosana
Published: February 2015

This paper analyses gender and social controversies of assisted reproductive
technologies and the discrimination of childless women in Serbia. Primary
goals of this paper are critical analysis of new reproductive technologies
phenomenon, discrimination against women without children and critical
analysis of the legal framework regulating biomedical assisted reproduction
in Serbia from gender studies and feminist methodology perspectives, as well
as presentation of the research results on discrimination of childless women.
For the purpose of this research the survey and the content analysis have
been used. A survey was conducted of 50 female participants in the in vitro
fertilization program at the Department for Gynecology and Obstetrics in Novi
Sad. The results indicate that the regulations on biomedical assisted
reproduction and the criteria for inclusion in the in vitro fertilization
program are discriminatory and that women involved in the program feel
discriminated against, usually at work and in their own surroundings. The
conclusion is that it is necessary to change the regulations governing this
area, further work on the elimination of discrimination against childless
women and destigmatisation of women and couples that cannot or do not want to
have children.
Restorative justice approaches in intercultural conflict settings: Findings of a survey and implications for practice
Authors: Törzs Edit
Published: February 2015

This article is written in the framework of a European research project
called ?ALTERNATIVE1: Developing alternative understandings of security and
justice through restorative justice approaches in intercultural settings
within democratic societies?. After explaining the role culture may play in
conflict and conflict resolution, the part of the research presented in this
article examines different understandings of the intercultural aspect related
to conflicts as well as its implications for restorative justice practice.
Presenting results of a survey mapping existing restorative justice practices
in intercultural conflict settings in Europe, the paper draws a picture on
European realities in the field.
Advances in Correlative Single-Molecule Localization Microscopy and Electron Microscopy
Authors: Endesfelder Ulrike
Published: February 2015

During the last few decades, correlative fluorescence light and electron microscopy (FLM-EM) has gained increased interest in the life sciences concomitant with the advent of fluorescence light microscopy. It has become, accompanied by numerous developments in both techniques, an important tool to study bio-cellular structure and function as it combines the specificity of fluorescence labeling with the high structural resolution and cellular context information given by the EM images. Having the recently introduced single-molecule localization microscopy techniques (SMLM) at hand, FLM-EM can now make use of improved fluorescence light microscopy resolution, single-molecule sensitivity and quantification strategies. Here, currently used methods for correlative SMLM and EM including the special requirements in sample preparation and imaging routines are summarized and an outlook on remaining challenges concerning methods and instrumentation is provided.
On the thermodynamics of melting sea ice versus melting freshwater ice
Authors: Wiese M. , Griewank P. , Notz D.
Published: February 2015

We examine the melting of sea ice versus freshwater ice in laboratory experiments and with one-dimensional model simulations. Our primary aim is to investigate the vertical partitioning of heat between thinning and internal phase changes. In agreement with our general understanding of the two ice types, we find that freshwater ice quickly starts thinning and then keeps a constant melt rate for constant external heat input. In contrast, sea ice starts thinning later but then thins faster than freshwater ice. This temporal evolution is caused by the substantial amount of heat that is used for internal phase changes in sea ice. Those internal phase changes give rise to a nonlinear temperature profile in the sea ice during the entire melting period, whereas freshwater ice quickly reaches its melting temperature throughout its entire thickness. Infrared imagery provides additional insights into the surface temperature of both ice types during melting. We find that, during melting, sea ice can have a mean surface temperature several tenths of a degree above 0°C because of meltwater-filled millimetre-scale dimples at the ice surface.
Ocean heat flux under Antarctic sea ice in the Bellingshausen and Amundsen Seas: two case studies
Authors: Ackley Stephen F. , Xie Hongjie , Tichenor Elizabeth A.
Published: February 2015

We examine the role of ocean heat flux (OHF) in Antarctic sea-ice growth and melt using data from autonomous ice mass-balance buoys deployed on pack ice in the Bellingshausen Sea and on fast ice in the Amundsen Sea during the spring/summer (October-December 2007) and summer/ autumn (February-March 2009) transitions, respectively. OHFs are derived using two methods that examine changes in (1) sub-ice ocean water properties (OHF1) and (2) ice thickness (OHF2), the latter only applying to thick snow-covered ice (i.e. a near-zero temperature gradient near the ice bottom). Good agreement is found between the time-averaged estimates of OHF1 and OHF2. Average OHF measured was 8 ± 2 W m-2 under the pack ice and 17 ± 2 W m-2 under the landfast ice. Some short-term OHF values (OHF1) in both seas exceeded 55 W m-2. The spring OHF variations in the Bellingshausen Sea were periodic and controlled by semi-diurnal ice velocity fluctuations. Larger temperature fluctuations in the summer Amundsen Sea, originating from incursions of warm deep water masses, contributed to the OHF being twice as high as in the Bellingshausen Sea and also accounted for the irregular OHF variability there.
Image Guided Surgery
Authors: Ahmed Khabiruddin
Published: February 2015

Abstract not available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v20i1.22009 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; April 2014; 20(1): 1-4
Functional Endoscopic sinus surgery & conventional sinus surgery in Inflammatory Sinonasal diseases
Authors: Uddin AKM Shaif , Talukder Md Harun Ar Rashid , Naher Lutfur , Rahman Md Zillur
Published: February 2015

Background: Functional endoscopic sinus surgery is a minimally invasive technique used to restore sinus ventilation and normal function. The most suitable candidates for this procedure have recurrent acute or chronic infective sinusitis, and an improvement in symptoms of up to 90 per cent may be expected following the procedure. Objective: The study has been designed to compare the clinical outcome of functional endoscopic sinus surgery and conventional surgery in the management of inflammatory sinonasal diseases. Study design: This was a prospective study. A combine of both quantitative and qualitative methods was used in conducting the study. Method: Here, a survey method was used to obtain quantitative data from the patients and complication of the operation was observed to obtain qualitative data. Data was collected from a sample that was determined through a semi-purposive method. Results: In the series 9% had synaechia during post operative period and it was 3.3% for FESS and 26.7% for conventional surgery. FESS procedure shows better relief of obstruction, better pain relief and quicker relief of clot than Conventional surgery. In FESS, 56.7% patients reported complete recovery and 43.3% were found symptoms free while in conventional surgery only very few of the patients reported complete recovery. and rest of the patients (93.3%) were symptoms free. Conclusion: The study had shown significant benefits from FESS over conventional surgery. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v20i1.22011 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; April 2014; 20(1): 8-14
Results of Tympanomastoid surgery in CSOM with Cholesteatoma (Attico-Antral Variety) - A study of 30 cases
Authors: Hossain Md Abul , Sarker Md Zakaria , Bhuiyan Md Ashequr Rahman , Alam KM Nurul , Harun Md Abdullah Al , Hanif Md Abu
Published: February 2015

In this prospective study 30 case of CSOM with cholesteotoma, admitted in 3 tertiary level hospitals, where modified radical mastoidectomy with type III tympanoplasty were done, then results of operation were assessed in follow up. The objectives of study to assess the clearance of disease, recurrence of disease and the cavity problem and to find the take rates of graft and improvement of hearing level after surgery. In this study most of the cases were younger age group (40%), male (60%), poorsocio- economic condition (73:33%), Illiterate (46.67%), day laborer (26.67%) & rural peoples (80%). It was observed that hearing status was improved 46.67%, unchanged 33.33% and deteriorated 20% cases. The mean, hearing gain was 10.79 dB. Also post mastoidectomy discharging ear was 20%, facial palsy 3.33%, recurrence of cholesteatoma 13.33%, dead ear 0%. Early detection and management of CSOM with cholesteatoma should be our goal to prevent complications. If good tympanomastoid surgery is done meticulously there will be improvement of hearing and less complications. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v20i1.22013 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; April 2014; 20(1): 20-26
Tracheal Rhinosporidiosis
Authors: Hossain Md Anwar , Tarafder Kamrul Hassan , Rahman Sheikh Hasanur , Rahman Tawfiqur , Mamun Abdullah Al , Ali Md Idris
Published: February 2015

Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous infectious disease caused by rhinosporidium seeberi that usually affects the nasal mucosa and ocular conjunctiva. Involvement of trachea ad bronchial tree is extremely rare. Few cases (8) have been reported in literature. We report a case of tracheal rhinosporidiosis that presented with stridor and haemoptysis with past history of surgery for recurrent rhinosporidiosis of nose and nasopharynx. Complete endoscopic excision and cauterization of base was done under general anaesthesia. No recurrent was observed for last 9 months of follow up. Tracheo-bronchial involvement by rhinosporidiosis should be suspected when a known case of rhinosporidiosis involving uper respiratory tract presents with respiratory distress and/or haempostysis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v20i1.22016 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; April 2014; 20(1): 39-42
Frequency of Malignancy in solitary Thyroid nodule and Multi-nodular Goitre
Authors: Hossain Md Abul , Sarkar Md Zakaria , Dutta Utpal Kumar , Karim Md Abdul , Alam Md Zahedul
Published: February 2015

This cross sectional study with purposive sampling based on 50 cases of solitary thyroid nodule and multi-nodular goitre for operation in department of Otolaryngology and Head-Neck surgery of SSMC & Mitford Hospital, Dhaka and Dhaka Medical college, Dhaka during January 2009 to December 2009. Objectives of this study to find out relative frequency of malignancy in solitary thyroid nodule and multi-nodular goitre (by histopathology). Each case was studied by history taking, physical examination and relevant investigations. In this series, male to female ratio was 1:7. Mean age of the patients of nodular goitre was 36.5+12.33 years and the highest number of patients were found in age group 31-40 years. After operation, histopatholoical report analysis was done and found that nodular colloidal goitre was 52%, follicular adenoma was 24% and auto-immune thyroiditis was 6%. Among the malignancies papillary carcinoma was 66.66%, follicular carcinoma was 22.22% and anaplastic carcinoma was 11.11%. The relative frequency of malignancy in solitary thyroid nodule was 28% and in multi-nodular goitre was 8%. As there is a chance of malignancy is high so it should get serious medical attention DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v20i2.22019 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; October 2014; 20(2): 55-59
Consanguinity and hearing impairment in a deaf school
Authors: Debnath Timir Kumar , Jamal Md Nasimul , Biswas Ashim Kumar , Rahman Md Wakilur , Amin MN
Published: February 2015

Objective: To find out the frequency of consanguinity and positive family history of hearing impairment among deaf children in a deaf school in Bangladesh. Methods: This was a retrospective study were included 150 patients. They were subjected to complete audiological examinations. These pupils were collected from Integrated Pre-school for Hearing Impaired children (IPSHIC) of SAHIC, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Results: The results showed that out of 150 Hearing impaired (HI ) children 30.0% (45) were from the consanguineous parents and 70.0% (105) from non- consanguineous parents. Also found 22.0% (33) had positive family history of hearing impairment. Conclusion: Prevention is only means to reduce the prevalence of Congenital hearing impairment. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v20i2.22020 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; October 2014; 20(2): 60-65
Morbidity of different treatment modalities in advanced Carcinoma larynx
Authors: Mahfuz Md Sirajul Islam , Siddiquee Belayat Hossain , Choudhury A Allam , Ahmad Shaikh Muniruddin
Published: February 2015

Objectives: To evaluate morbidity of different modalities of treatment in advanced carcinoma larynx (stage III and IV). Methods: It was a cross sectional study conducted among selected 70 patients of advanced carcinoma larynx treated by different modalities of treatment from April 2009 to April 2010 in different tertiary hospitals in Dhaka. Results:The age of the patients ranged from 30 to 79 years (mean ± SD = 54±10.94), maximum age incidence 5th decade. Almost all were male, habituated in betel nut and leaves chewing and smoking. Mostly (60%) from poor socioeconomic group. 70% cases were supraglottic and 30% cases were glottic carcinoma. Nature of lesion was exophytic 71.43% and ulcerative 28.57%. 22.86% had neck node metastasis. Histopathologically 60% were moderately differentiated and grade II squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). In the total laryngectomy patient pharyngocuteneous fistula (30%), wound infection (10%), haematoma (10%), stomal recurrence (10%), stenosis is tracheostomy (10%), recurrent chest infection (10%) and pharyngeal stenosis (10%) were the morbidities. Mucositis or painful erythematous reaction in larynx and pharynx (95%), periconditis (2.5%), dryness of mouth and throat (100%), loss of test (100%), subcutaneous fibrosis (32.5%), nausea vomiting, skin rashes and alopecia (100%) were the morbidities of chemoradiotherapy and radiotherapy. After analysis the major and minor morbidities of different, modalities of treatment there was no significant (p > 0.05) difference among those modalities. Conclusion: The difference between the morbidity of single modality and combined modalities had not significant. So the combined modalities approach may be advocated for the treatment of advanced carcinoma larynx where required. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v20i2.22021 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; October 2014; 20(2): 66-74
Outcome of surgery in different Parotid Neoplasms
Authors: Salam Kazi Shameemus , Siddiquee Belayat Hossain , Uddin Md Mosleh , Razib Syed Farhan Ali , Biswas Ashim Kumar
Published: February 2015

Objective: To determine outcome of surgery in different parotid neoplasms. Study design: Cross sectional study from August 2010 to July 2014. Settings: Department of Otolaryngology and Head-Neck Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Method: 60 postoperative patients of different parotid neoplasms were included in this study. 33 were males and 27 were females between 21 years to 80 years who were treated between August 2010 to July 2014. The study based on history, clinical examinations, radiological, laboratory, cytology reports and histopathological examination. Results: Majority of the patients were within 41 to 70 years of age. Frequency of benign tumour were more in 4th and 5th decade 42(87.5%) and malignant tumour in 5th and 6th decade 8(66.7%). Common presenting features were pain 8(66.7%), skin involvement 3(25.0%), facial nerve palsy 3(25.0%), metastatic neck nodes 3(25.0%) in malignant cases. In benign cases 45(93.7%) were pleomorphic adenoma, 3(6.25%) Warthins tumour. In malignant cases mucoepidermoid carcinoma were 7(58.3%), adenoid cystic carcinoma 3(25.0%). In benign parotid tumour, superficial parotidectomy were done in 45(93.75%) and total conservative parotidectomy 3(6.25%). In malignant tumour total conservative parotidectomy were done 5(41.7%), total radical parotidectomy done 4(33.3%), extended radical parotidectomy 3(25%). Histopathological study showed 45(93.75%) were in pleomorphic adenoma, 7(58.3%) mucoepidemoid carcinoma. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v20i2.22023 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; October 2014; 20(2): 80-86
Primary Amyloidosis of Larynx  A Case Report
Authors: Saha Kanu Lal , Datta Pran Gopal , Dutta Utpal Kumar , Rahman ATM Khalilur , Akhter Shabnam
Published: February 2015

Amyloidosis is an idiopathic benign disorder in which extracellular proteinaceous material deposits in variety of organs leading to tissue damage and functional problem of that organ. Besides larynx being the commonest site, amyloidosis is found in other head neck sites such as salivary glands, oral cavity, pharynx, nasopharynx, sinonasal cavity, trachea, bronchi, lungs & lymph node. This is a report of a 40 year old man admitted in the departement of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, BSMMU, Dhaka, Bangladesh, in 2014, presented with history of hoarseness of voice and polypoidal swelling involving left vocal cord, ventricle and vestibular fold. Initially he was treated with antitubercular chemotherapy as direct laryngoscopic biopsy reported tuberculosis. As symptoms did not subside repeat direct endoscopic biopsy was done when histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of amyloidosis. MRI shows transglottic involvement of lesion which appears more extensive than endoscopic findings. Regular follow-up is necessary to assess accurately the disease progression, using conservative clinical management to preserve laryngeal function. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v20i2.22026 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; October 2014; 20(2): 98-101
An Unusual Foreign Body Nose
Authors: Ahmed Khabiruddin , Taous Ahmmad
Published: February 2015

The presence of a foreign body in the nose is a relatively uncommon occurrence. Many unusual foreign bodies in the nose have been reported in the literature. Other than the common foreign bodies, some uncommon things have made interest like fish hook, anterior nasal pack, door handle, metal hooks and eyes, umbrella springs and coins also reported. A case of anterior nasal pack also reported and very interesting for several reasons. To the best of our knowledge, the nasal packing in this case is the largest foreign body left in situ. But here a case of lost nasal splint which was kept after septoplasy operation for prolonged time has been discussed. A 32 years old man had this splint in his left nasal cavity for 9 years and had been suffering from persistent nasal discharge for this time. He was treated conservatively by many ENT specialists but had no improved. Afterwards he had undergone surgery and this plastic splint identified and removed. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v20i2.22027 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; October 2014; 20(2): 102-105
Odontogenic Keratocyst of Coronoid process presenting as an infratemporal mass
Authors: Raju G
Published: February 2015

A pediatric patient presented with facial swelling. CT scans showed a left infratemporal mass with erosion of coronoid process and normal dentition. CT guided FNAB suggested the possibility of odontogenic keratocyst. The mass was excised by a transzygomatic approach. A four year followup has not shown any recurrence. The possibility of odontogenic keratocyst needs to be considered while evaluating infratemporal fossa swellings. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v20i2.22028 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; October 2014; 20(2): 106-108
Performance Evaluation of a low cost integrated collector storage solar water heater with independent plane reflectors
Authors: Kaneesamkandi Zakariya
Published: February 2015

High initial cost is one of the reasons why consumers think twice before investing on the conventional solar water heating systems, especially in low income countries. Integrated collector storage systems are available at a lesser cost, but with a penalty of decreased efficiency. In this paper, yet another attempt to reduce cost of solar water heating system has been made by using independent plane reflectors along with an insulated storage tank provided with a heat absorbing aperture. With no tracking arrangement, this system uses only the intense beam radiation available from 9:00 AM to 3:00 PM with a concentration factor of 10. A theoretical study was conducted using commercial computational fluid dynamics software which was followed by an experimental validation of the results. The theoretical results were in agreement with the experimental results. The efficiency of this system was less than collector storage systems reported in the literature by about 10-15%. Maximum average tank temperature of 350 K and efficiency of 0.61 was obtained. Overall loss coefficient was identical with that of existing integrated collector storage systems. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v49i3.22128 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 49(3), 147-154, 2014
Steady MHD boundary free convective heat and mass transfer flow over an inclined porous plate with variable suction and Soret effect in presence of hall current
Authors: Alam MS , Ali M , Alim MA , Saha A
Published: February 2015

In this paper an attempt is made to study the Hall effects on the steady MHD free convective flow of an incompressible fluid, heat and mass transfer over an inclined porous plate with variable suction and Soret effect. The flow is considered under the influence of a uniform magnetic field. The magnetic field is applied normally to the flow. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations by using similarity transformation and stretching variable. The governing momentum boundary layer, thermal boundary layer and concentration boundary layer equations with the boundary conditions are transformed into a system of first order ordinary differential equations which are then solved numerically by using Runge-Kutta fourth-fifth order method along with shooting iteration technique. The effects of the flow parameters on the primary and secondary velocities, temperature and species concentration are computed, discussed and have been graphically represented in figures for various value of different parameters.The results presented graphically illustrate that primary velocity field decrease due to increasing of magnetic parameter, permeability parameter, Grashof number, Dufour number and suction parameter and reverse trend arises for the increasing values of Hall parameter and modified Grashof number. The secondary velocity increase for increasing values of magnetic parameter, Hall parameter and permeability parameter and reverse trend arise for Grashof number, modified Grashof number and Suction parameter. The temperature field increases for the increasing values of magnetic parameter, Suction parameter, Soret number,Grashof number and modified Grashof number, Prandtl number whereas there is no effects of permeability parameter on temperature profile. Again, concentration profile decreases for increasing the values of magnetic parameter, Grashof number, modified Grashof number, and Schmidt number and the effect of the remaining entering parameter, the concentration increases up to certain interval of eta and then decreased. Alsothe numerical solutions for the skin friction [f (0)], secondary skin friction [g0(0)] and local Sherwood number [-?(0)] have been shown in Table I. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v49i3.22129 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 49(3), 155-164, 2014
Formulation design, optimization & in vitro evaluation of novel orodissolving tablets of efavirenz for hiv infections
Authors: Ayyappan T , Poojitha C , Vetrichelvan T
Published: February 2015

In the present work, orodissolving tablets of Efavirenz were prepared by direct compression method with a view to enhance patient compliance. A 23 full factorial design was applied to investigate the combined effect of three formulation variables. Amount of crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium and sodium starch glycolate were used as superdisintegrant material along with direct compressible mannitol to enhance mouth feel. The prepared batches of tablets were evaluated for hardness, friability, weight variation, disintegration time, wetting time, drug content and in-vitro dissolution studies. Based on wetting time, disintegration time, the formulation containing crospovidone (5% w/v), carscarmellose sodium (5% w/v) and sodium starch glycolate (8% w/v) was found to be promising and tested for in-vitro drug release pattern (in 0.1 N HCl), short term stability and drug- superdisintegrants interaction. Surface response plots are presented to graphically represent the effect of independent variables (conc. of superdisintegrants) on the in-vitro dissolution time. The validity of the generated mathematical model was tested by preparing extra-design check point formulation. The formulation showed nearly faster drug release compared to the conventional commercial tablet formulation. Stability studies on the optimized formulation indicated that there was no significant change found in physical appearance, hardness, disintegration time, drug content and in-vitro drug release. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v49i3.22131 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 49(3), 173-180, 2014
Arsenic leached by step-wise ions addition under aerobic and anaerobic: Speciation by Sequential Hydride Generation Flow Injection Analyzer (SHGFIA)
Authors: Hashem MA , Toda K
Published: February 2015

Leaching behavior of arsenic has been investigated by step-wise ions addition of river sediment near arsenic mine; arsenic was contained in sediment 450 mg kg-1. Leachates were characterized by discriminating arsenite and arsenate under both aerobic and anaerobic. Results indicate that arsenite As(III) and arsenate As (V) were leached from the sediments by step-wise ions addition especially phosphate ion enhanced more leaching of arsenic from sediment under anaerobic mostly was As (V). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v49i3.22135 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 49(3), 195-198, 2014
(Removed) Effect of Growth Regulator on Regeneration of Two Sweet Potatoes (Ipomoea batatas L.)
Authors: Kamal MM
Published: February 2015

17th February 2015. Due to an editorial error, this article was duplicated by mistake in this issue. The correct version of the article is on pages 113-116 (DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v7i1.22156)
Investigation of Water Quality Parameters Discharged from Textile Dyeing Industries
Authors: Munnaf A , Islam MS , Tusher TR , Kabir MH , Molla MAH
Published: February 2015

Rapid development of textile industry and direct deposition of the effluents into sewage networks produced disturbances in treatment processes and exert pollution loads on water bodies. The study was conducted to investigate the water quality parameters discharged from seven textile dyeing industries at Konabari in Gazipur region of Bangladesh during March to December, 2011, and also to evaluate the harmful effects of effluents on the surrounding environment. Emphasis was given on the investigation of important water quality parameters, which include temperature, pH, total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), along with the management techniques of effluents discharged from textile dyeing industries. The study depicted that the DO values were nil or below the standard values in all industries which was very alarming for environment. The concentrations of BOD, COD, TDS and TSS were very high which indicate the presence of water pollutants. The study was focused on the pollution implications of effluents from textile industries around the study area, because of the risk of human exposure and environmental degradation by these massive discharged effluents. The water quality deteriorated in dry season than the wet season and the surface water around the studied area was highly polluted due to the industrial activities and should totally avoid for human consumption without proper treatment. It is therefore recommended that the careless discharge of the effluents should be discouraged and appropriate management system should be taken immediately to reduce the water pollution for saving the environment.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v7i1.22180 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 7(1): 257-263 2014
(Withdrawn) Need for Conservation and Relocate the Historical Building  Sylhet, Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman MM
Published: February 2015

16th February 2015Due to some unavoidable reasons the editional board is willing to declare that the article entitled Need for Conservation and Relocate the Historical Building  Sylhet, Bangladesh - M. M. Rahman (DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v7i1.22185) published on volume 7(1), 2014 with the pages 281-288 is withdrawn from the said issue. Therefore, after this declaration the authors will not have the privilege to use this article as an intellectual property quoting this journal. - see official notice in Vol.7(2) (DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v7i2.22253) Managing Editor
More than a Pretty Place: Assessing the Impact of Environmental Education on Children’s Knowledge and Attitudes about Outdoor Play in Nature
Authors: Beyer Kirsten , Heller Elizabeth , Bizub Jessica , Kistner Amy , Szabo Aniko , Shawgo Erin , Zetts Corey
Published: February 2015

Our work assessed the influence of an urban environmental education program on children’s attitudes toward outdoor play, as well as knowledge of neighborhood features that can facilitate this type of activity. The project team engaged 6 schools near the newest Urban Ecology Center location in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA, through a community-academic partnership entitled More Than a Pretty Place. Intervention classrooms participated in programming over the 2012–2013 academic year and pre and post surveys were implemented in classrooms. Data were analyzed using multilevel regression models. The intervention group reported reduced fears of outdoor play in nature and increased frequency of visits to the Urban Ecology Center. The proportion of students who acknowledged knowing of a place to play outside in nature increased significantly in both groups. Our findings indicate an important role for environmental education in addressing fears that may dissuade children from engaging in outdoor play in natural areas.
Addendum: Shiue, I.; et al. 2014 Future Earth Young Scientists Conference on Integrated Science and Knowledge Co-Production for Ecosystems and Human Well-Being. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2014, 11, 11553–11558
Authors: Shiue Ivy , Samberg Leah , Kulohoma Benard , Dogaru Diana , Wyborn Carina , Hamel Perrine , Jørgensen Peter , Lussier Paul , Sundaram Bharath , Lim Michelle , Tironi Antonio
Published: February 2015

The authors would like to add the following affiliation for Peter Søgaard Jørgensen of paper [1]: 8 International Network of Next-Generation Ecologists, Universitetsparken 15, Building 3, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark[...]
Development of Biodegradable Nanocarriers Loaded with a Monoclonal Antibody
Authors: Gdowski Andrew , Ranjan Amalendu , Mukerjee Anindita , Vishwanatha Jamboor
Published: February 2015

Treatments utilizing monoclonal antibody therapeutics against intracellular protein-protein interactions in cancer cells have been hampered by several factors, including poor intracellular uptake and rapid lysosomal degradation. Our current work examines the feasibility of encapsulating monoclonal antibodies within poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles using a water/oil/water double emulsion solvent evaporation technique. This method can be used to prepare protective polymeric nanoparticles for transporting functional antibodies to the cytoplasmic compartment of cancer cells. Nanoparticles were formulated and then characterized using a number of physical and biological parameters. The average nanoparticle size ranged from 221 to 252 nm with a low polydispersity index. Encapsulation efficiency of 16%–22% and antibody loading of 0.3%–1.12% were observed. The antibody molecules were released from the nanoparticles in a sustained manner and upon release maintained functionality. Our studies achieved successful formulation of antibody loaded polymeric nanoparticles, thus indicating that a PLGA-based antibody nanoformulation is a promising intracellular delivery vehicle for a large number of new intracellular antibody targets in cancer cells.
Tri-Tek (Petroleum Horticultural Oil) and Beauveria bassiana: Use in Eradication Strategies for Bemisia tabaci Mediterranean Species in UK Glasshouses
Authors: Cuthbertson Andrew , Collins Debbie
Published: February 2015

The sweetpotato whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is a pest of global importance on both outdoor and glasshouse crops. To date, B. tabaci has not become established in the UK. The UK holds Protected Zone status against this pest and, as a result, B. tabaci entering on plant material is subjected to a policy of eradication. Mediterranean species is now the most prevalent Bemisia species entering the UK. Increasing neonicotinoid resistance is becoming increasingly widespread and problematic with this species. As a result, this continues to pose problems for eradication strategies. The current study investigates the efficacy of Tri-Tek (a petroleum horticultural oil awaiting UK registration) and the fungus Beauveria bassiana to act as control agents against Mediterranean species in UK glasshouses. Tri-Tek provided 100% egg mortality compared to 74% for B. bassiana. When tested against second instar larvae, mortalities of 69% and 65% respectively were achieved. Both products can be successfully “tank-mixed”. A tank-mix application provided 95.5% mortality of second instar larvae under glasshouse conditions. The potential integration of both products into current Bemisia eradication strategies in UK glasshouses is discussed.
Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Advances in Management and Diagnosis
Authors: Yonekawa Yoshihiro , Miller Joan , Kim Ivana
Published: February 2015

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of irreversible visual impairment in older populations in industrialized nations. AMD is a late-onset deterioration of photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium in the central retina caused by various environmental and genetic factors. Great strides in our understanding of AMD pathogenesis have been made in the past several decades, which have translated into revolutionary therapeutic agents in recent years. In this review, we describe the clinical and pathologic features of AMD and present an overview of current diagnosis and treatment strategies.