bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pod-based e-liquids impair human vascular endothelial cell function
Authors: Majid Sana , Weisbrod Robert M. , Fetterman Jessica L. , Keith Rachel J. , Rizvi Syed H. M. , Zhou Yuxiang , Behrooz Leili , Robertson Rose Marie , Bhatnagar Aruni , Conklin Daniel J. , Hamburg Naomi M.
Published: January 2023

Pod-based electronic (e-) cigarettes more efficiently deliver nicotine using a protonated formulation. The cardiovascular effects associated with these devices are poorly understood. We evaluated whether pod-based e-liquids and their individual components impair endothelial cell function. We isolated endothelial cells from people who are pod users (n = 10), tobacco never users (n = 7), and combustible cigarette users (n = 6). After a structured use, pod users had lower acetylcholine-mediated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activation compared with never users and was similar to levels from combustible cigarette users (overall P = 0.008, P = 0.01 pod vs never; P = 0.96 pod vs combustible cigarette). The effects of pod-based e-cigarettes and their constituents on vascular cell function were further studied in commercially available human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) incubated with flavored JUUL e-liquids or propylene glycol (PG):vegetable glycerol (VG) at 30:70 ratio with or without 60 mg/mL nicotine salt for 90 min. A progressive increase in cell death with JUUL e-liquid exposure was observed across 0.0001–1% dilutions; PG:VG vehicle with and without nicotine salt induced cell death. A23187-stimulated nitric oxide production was decreased with all JUUL e-liquid flavors, PG:VG and nicotine salt exposures. Aerosols generated by JUUL e-liquid heating similarly decreased stimulated nitric oxide production. Only mint flavored e-liquids increased inflammation and menthol flavored e-liquids enhanced oxidative stress in HAECs. In conclusion, pod e-liquids and their individual components appear to impair endothelial cell function. These findings indicate the potential harm of pod-based devices on endothelial cell function and thus may be relevant to cardiovascular injury in pod type e-cigarette users.
A study on tuberculosis disease disclosure patterns and its associated factors: Findings from a prospective observational study in Chennai
Authors: Nagarajan Karikalan , Muniyandi Malaisamy , Sellappan Senthil , Karunanidhi Srimathi , Senthilkumar Keerthana , Palani Bharathidasan , Jeyabal Lavanya , Krishnan Rajendran
Published: January 2023

Background

Disclosure of tuberculosis (TB) status by patients is a critical step in their treatment cascade of care. There is a lack of systematic assessment of TB disclosure patterns and its positive outcomes which happens dynamically over the disease period of individual patients with their family and wider social network relations.

Methods

This prospective observational study was conducted in Chennai Corporation treatment units during 2019–2021. TB patients were recruited and followed-up from treatment initiation to completion. Information on disease disclosures made to different social members at different time points, and outcomes were collected and compared. Bivariate and multi variate analysis were used to identify the patients and contact characteristics predictive of TB disclosure status.

Results

A total of 466 TB patients were followed-up, who listed a total of 4039 family, extra familial and social network contacts of them. Maximum disclosures were made with family members (93%) and half of the relatives, occupational contacts and friendship contacts (44–58%) were disclosed within 15 days of treatment initiation. Incremental disclosures made during the 150–180 days of treatment were highest among neighbourhood contacts (12%), and was significantly different between treatment initiation and completion period. Middle aged TB patients (31 years and 46–55 years) were found less likely to disclose (AOR 0.56 and 0.46 respectively; p<0.05) and illiterates were found more likely to disclose their TB status (AOR 3.91; p<0.05). Post the disclosure, family contacts have mostly provided resource support (44.90%) and two third of all disclosed contacts have provided emotional support for TB patients (>71%).

Conclusion

Findings explain that family level disclosures were predominant and disclosures made to extra familial network contacts significantly increased during the latter part of treatment. Emotional support was predominantly received by TB patients from all their contacts post disclosure. Findings could inform in developing interventions to facilitate disclosure of disease status in a beneficial way for TB patients.
Analysis of top box office film poster marketing scheme based on data mining and deep learning in the context of film marketing
Authors: Yang Shuyuan
Published: January 2023

With the development of science and technology and the continuous changes of social environment, the development prospect of traditional cinema is worrying. This work aims to improve the publicity effect of movie posters and optimize the marketing efficiency of movie posters and promote the development of film and television industry. First, the design concept of high grossing movie posters is discussed. Then, the concept of movie poster analysis based on Deep Learning (DL) technology is analyzed under Big Data Technology. Finally, a movie poster analysis model is designed based on Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) technology under DL and is evaluated. The results demonstrate that the learning curve of the CNN model reported here is the best in the evaluation of model performance in movie poster analysis. Besides, the learning rate of the model is basically stable when the number of iterations is about 500. The final loss value is around 0.5. Meanwhile, the accuracy rate of the model is also stable at the number of iterations of about 500, and the accuracy rate of the model is around 0.9. In addition, the recognition accuracy of the model designed here in movie poster classification recognition is generally between 60% and 85% in performing theme, style, composition, color scheme, set, and product recognition of movie posters. Moreover, the evaluation of the model in the movie poster style composition suggests that the style composition of movie poster production dramatically varies in different films, in which movie posters focus most on movie product, style, and theme. Compared with other models, the performance of this model is more outstanding in all aspects, which shows that this work has achieved a great technical breakthrough. This work provides a reference for the optimization of the design method of movie posters and contributes to the development of the movie industry.
The characteristics of solid-phase substrate during the co-fermentation of lignite and straw
Authors: Zhao Shufeng , Liu Xile , Guo Hongyu , Cai Yidong , Wang Yongjun , Xia Daping , Zhao Weizhong
Published: January 2023

Co-fermentation of lignite and biomass has been considered as a new approach in achieving clean energy. Moreover, the study of the characteristics of solid phase in the synergistic degradation process is of great significance in revealing their synergistic relationship. Accordingly, in order to produce biogas, lignite, straw, and the mixture of the two were used as the substrates, the solid phase characteristics of which were analyzed before and after fermentation using modern analytical methods. The results revealed that the mixed fermentation of lignite and straw promoted the production of biomethane. Moreover, the ratios of C/O and C/H were found to be complementary in the co-fermentation process. Furthermore, while the relative content of C-C/C-H bonds was observed to be significantly decreased, the aromatics degree of lignite was weakened. Also, while the degree of branching increased, there found to be an increase in the content of cellulose amorphous zone, which, consequently, led to an increase in the crystallinity index of the wheat straw. Hence, the results provide a theoretical guidance for the efficient utilization of straw and lignite.
Assessing targeted invitation and response modes to improve survey participation in a diverse New York City panel: Healthy NYC
Authors: Dasgupta Shabitri , Perlman Sharon E. , Levanon Seligson Amber , Dumas Sarah E. , Seil Kacie , Bholanath Tashema
Published: January 2023

Background

Healthy NYC is an innovative survey panel created by the New York City (NYC) Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) that offers a cost-effective mechanism for collecting priority and timely health information. Between November 2020 and June 2021, invitations for six different surveys were sent to Healthy NYC panelists by postal mail, email, and text messages. Panelists had the option to complete surveys online or via paper survey.

Methods

We analyzed whether panelists varied by sociodemographic characteristics based on the contact mode they provided and the type of invitation that led to their response using logistic regression models. Poisson regression models were used to determine whether the number of invitations received before participating in a survey was associated with sociodemographic characteristics.

Results

Younger age and higher education were positively associated with providing an email or text contact. Furthermore, age, race, and income were significant predictors for invitation modes that led to a survey response. Black panelists had 72% greater odds (OR 1.72 95% CI: 1.11–2.68) of responding to a mail invite and 33% lesser odds (OR 0.67, 95% CI: 0.54–0.83) of responding to an email invite compared with White panelists. Additionally, in five of the six surveys, more than half of the respondents completed surveys after two invites. Email invitations garnered the highest participation rates.

Conclusions

We recommend using targeted invitation modes as an additional strategy to improve participation in panels. For lower-income panelists who do not provide an email address, it may be reasonable to offer additional response options that do not require internet access. Our study’s findings provide insight into how panels can tailor outreach to panelists, especially among underrepresented groups, in the most economical and efficient ways.
Effect of quitting immediately vs progressively on smoking cessation for smokers at emergency department in Hong Kong: A posteriori analysis of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Li William Ho Cheung , Xia Wei , Wang Man Ping , Cheung Derek Yee Tak , Cheung Kai Yeung , Wong Carlos King Ho , Lam Tai Hing
Published: January 2023

Background

A progressive approach to quitting smoking has been a popular strategy for motivating smokers who are reluctant to quit. However, whether this strategy can effectively achieve complete cessation or is as successful as quitting immediately remains unresolved. This study aimed to determine whether quitting immediately or progressively was more effective in achieving complete cessation among smokers in Hong Kong who presented at emergency departments.

Methods and findings

A posteriori analysis of a single-blinded, multicenter, randomized controlled trial was performed. The original trials was conducted at emergency departments of four major acute hospitals in different districts of Hong Kong. In total, 1571 smokers 18 years or older who presented at 4 major emergency departments between July 4, 2015 and March 17, 2017 were randomized into an intervention group (n = 787) and a control group (n = 784). The intervention group received brief advice (about 1 minute) and could choose their own quit schedules (immediate or progressive, labeled QI and QP, respectively). The control group received a smoking cessation leaflet. Follow-ups were conducted at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. The primary outcomes, by intention-to-treat, were biochemically validated abstinence between the QI subgroup and control group; between the QP subgroup and control group, and between the QI subgroup and QP subgroup at 6 months. After the propensity sore matching, the biochemically validated abstinence was statistically significantly higher in the QI subgroup than the control group at 6 months (12.1% vs 3.4%, P = 0.003; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 4.34, 95% CI 1.63–11.52) and higher in the QP subgroup than the control group at 6 months (9.8% vs 3.4%, P = 0.02; aORs 2.95, 95% CI: 1.04–8.39). No statistically significant differences of biochemically validated abstinence at both 6 month (12.1% vs 9.8%, P = 0.49; aORs 1.50, 95% CI: 0.71–3.19) were found in the comparison between QI and QP subgroups.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that the strategy of quitting progressively is effective, especially for smokers who lack motivation or find it difficult to quit. If adopted routinely, such an approach can help achieve a greater level of smoking abstinence in the community.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02660957.
The king’s spice cabinet–Plant remains from Gribshunden, a 15th century royal shipwreck in the Baltic Sea
Authors: Larsson Mikael , Foley Brendan
Published: January 2023

Maritime archaeological investigations of the wreck of the medieval warshipGribshunden(1495), flagship of King Hans of Denmark and Norway, have revealed diverse artifacts including exotic spices imported from far distant origins: saffron, ginger, clove, peppercorns, and almond. The special circumstances of the vessel’s last voyage add unique context to the assemblage.Gribshundenand an accompanying squadron conveyed the king, courtiers, noblemen, and soldiers from Copenhagen to a political summit in Kalmar, Sweden. At that conference, Hans expected the Swedish Council to elect him king of Sweden, and thereby fulfill his ambition to reunify the Nordic region under a single crown. To achieve this, Hans assembled in his fleet and particularly aboard his flagship the people and elite cultural signifiers that would convince the Swedish delegation to accept his rule. Along the way, the ships anchored near Ronneby, Blekinge. Written sources record that an explosion and fire causedGribshundento sink off Stora Ekön (Great Oak Island). Exotic spices were status markers among the aristocracy in Scandinavia and around the Baltic Sea during the Middle Ages (1050–1550 CE). Until theGribshundenfinds, these extravagances have rarely or never been represented archaeologically. Evidence of their use and consumption in medieval Scandinavia has been limited to sparse written references. We present here the botanical remains from theGribshundenshipwreck and compare them to previous archaeobotanical finds from the medieval Baltic region. These opulent status symbols traveled with a medieval king en route to a major historical event. The combination of textual and archaeological evidence allows a novel analytical view of the social environment in which these luxurious foods were consumed.
Evaluation of corneal biomechanical properties using the ocular response analyzer and the dynamic Scheimpflug-Analyzer Corvis ST in high pressure and normal pressure open-angle glaucoma patients
Authors: Ramm Lisa , Herber Robert , Lorenz Georg , Jasper Carolin S. , Pillunat Lutz E. , Pillunat Karin R.
Published: January 2023

Purpose

To characterize differences in corneal biomechanics in high (HPG) and normal pressure (NPG) primary open-angle glaucoma, and its association to disease severity.

Methods

Corneal biomechanical properties were measured using the Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA) and the dynamic Scheimpflug-Analyzer Corvis ST (CST). Disease severity was functionally assessed by automated perimetry (Humphrey field analyzer) and structurally with the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph. To avoid a possible falsification by intraocular pressure, central corneal thickness and age, which strongly influence ORA and CST measurements, group matching was performed. Linear mixed models and generalized estimating equations were used to consider inter-eye correlation.

Results

Following group matching, 60 eyes of 38 HPG and 103 eyes of 60 NPG patients were included. ORA measurement revealed a higher CRF in HPG than in NPG (P < 0.001). Additionally, the CST parameter integrated radius (P < 0.001) was significantly different between HPG and NPG. The parameter SSI (P < 0.001) representing corneal stiffness was higher in HPG than in NPG. Furthermore, regression analysis revealed associations between biomechanical parameters and indicators of disease severity. In HPG, SSI correlated to RNFL thickness. In NPG, dependencies between biomechanical readings and rim area, MD, and PSD were shown.

Conclusion

Significant differences in corneal biomechanical properties were detectable between HPG and NPG patients which might indicate different pathophysiological mechanisms underlying in both entities. Moreover, biomechanical parameters correlated to functional and structural indices of diseases severity. A reduced corneal deformation measured by dynamic methods was associated to advanced glaucomatous damage.
Justice Evaluation of the Income Distribution (JEID): Development and validation of a short scale for the subjective assessment of objective differences in earnings
Authors: Nießen Désirée , Adriaans Jule , Liebig Stefan , Lechner Clemens M.
Published: January 2023

Justice evaluations are proposed to provide a link between the objective level of inequality and the consequences at the individual and societal level. Available instruments, however, focus on the subjective perception of inequality and income distributions. In light of findings that subjective perceptions of inequality and income levels can be biased and subject to method effects, we present the newly developed Justice Evaluation of the Income Distribution (JEID) Scale, which captures justice evaluations of the actual earnings distribution. JEID comprises five items that provide respondents with earnings information for five groups at different segments along the distribution of earnings in a given country. We provide a German-language and an English-language version of the scale. The German-language version was developed and validated based on three comprehensive heterogeneous quota samples from Germany; the translated English-language version was validated in one comprehensive heterogeneous quota sample from the UK. Using latent profile analysis and k-means clustering, we identified three typical response patterns, which we labeled “inequality averse,” “bottom-inequality averse,” and “status quo justification.” JEID was found to be related to normative orientations in the sense that egalitarian views were associated with stronger injustice evaluations at the bottom and top ends of the earnings distribution. With a completion time of between 1.50 and 2.75 min, the JEID scale can be applied in any self-report survey in the social sciences to investigate the distribution, precursors, and consequences of individuals’ subjective evaluations of objective differences in earnings.
Characterization of SpsQ from Staphylococcus pseudintermedius as an affinity chromatography ligand for canine therapeutic antibodies
Authors: Takeuchi Hiroto , Nakajima Chie , Konnai Satoru , Maekawa Naoya , Okagawa Tomohiro , Usui Masaru , Tamura Yutaka , Suzuki Yasuhiko , Murata Shiro , Ohashi Kazuhiko
Published: January 2023

Coagulase-positive Staphylococci express protein A, which binds to host antibodies, to evade the immune system. Taking advantage of its specific binding to antibodies, protein A from Staphylococcus aureus, which is called SpA, is commonly used as an affinity chromatography ligand for human therapeutic antibodies. However, among four canine IgG subclasses (A, B, C, and D), only IgG-B binds to SpA strongly and establishing an efficient and robust purification scheme for canine therapeutic antibodies whose IgG subclass is A, C, or D remains difficult and depends on finding a suitable substitute to SpA. S. pseudintermedius, a major coagulase-positive Staphylococci found in dogs, expresses spsQ gene which is orthologous to S. aureus spa. We hypothesized that to serve S. pseudintermedius to better adapt to the dog immune system, SpsQ would bind to canine IgGs stronger than SpA, making it a better affinity chromatography ligand for canine therapeutic antibodies. To characterize SpsQ, we first determined the spsQ nucleotide sequence from S. pseudintermedius isolates. Based on the identified sequence, we prepared recombinant proteins containing the immunoglobulin-binding domains of SpA (r-SpA) and SpsQ (r-SpsQ) and determined their binding capacity for each canine IgG subclass. The binding capacity of r-SpsQ for IgG-B was almost as high as that of r-SpA. Interestingly, while both r-SpsQ and r-SpA showed no binding to IgG-C, the binding capacity of r-SpsQ for IgG-A and IgG-D was significantly higher than that of r-SpA. Finally, we performed affinity chromatography using r-SpsQ- or r-SpA-immobilized resin and revealed that the recovery rates of IgG-A and IgG-D using r-SpsQ were significantly higher than those using r-SpA. Our findings indicate that SpsQ has a strong potential to be used as an affinity chromatography ligand for canine therapeutic antibodies of subclass A, B, and D.
Occupational health and safety status of waste and sanitation workers: A qualitative exploration during the COVID-19 pandemic across Bangladesh
Authors: Sharior Fazle , Alam Mahbub-Ul , Zaqout Mariam , Cawood Sally , Ferdous Sharika , Shoaib Dewan Muhammad , Tidwell James B. , Hasan Mehedi , Hasan Moushumi , Rahman Mahbubur , Farah Makfie , Rahman Md. Azizur , Ahmed Alauddin , Ahmed Tanvir
Published: January 2023

In Bangladesh, cities produce huge volumes of solid waste, sewage, and greywater with limited resources to manage it. Waste and sanitation workers, key players in managing waste, are continuously exposed to different health hazards in their work due to lack of occupational safety and basic protections. This vulnerability has been exacerbated by the COVID-19 Pandemic. Focusing on workers’ experiences and everyday working realities, this study sought to assess the organizational capacity, gaps, and challenges of local waste management authorities during COVID-19. It also sought to deepen understanding of job arrangements, occupational safety, hygiene knowledge, and practices of these waste workers at their workplace. A qualitative study was conducted consisting of 61 key informant interviews with seven categories of local officials and 50 in-depth interviews with five categories of waste and sanitation workers in 10 cities of Bangladesh. An inductive content analysis approach was adopted. The results showed that COVID-19 had aggravated the existing waste management challenges and imposed severe health risks on waste workers. Respective conservancy departments lagged behind due to lack of safe cleaning methods and equipment, and limited funds for waste worker training, which ultimately led to poor occupational safety for workers. This vulnerable worker group lacked basic job facilities, received poor payment and insufficient protective equipment, and rarely had any health support from their employers. Also, they were not provided with an adequate understanding of occupational safety and health hygiene; and no appropriate handwashing facilities at their workplace to tackle infectious diseases like COVID-19. The study investigated this countercomplaint and discussed the current arrangements from the prespective of both city authorities and waste workers. The study recommended more automated waste collectors and compositors for the conservancy departments, increased active monitoring, work benefits, safety equipment for waste workers, and tailored training to eradicate work-related health hazards and injuries.
Residents’ perceptions of tourism social exchange relations: a case study in a small heritage town
Authors: Muler González Vanessa del Mar , Galí Espelt Núria , Coromina Lluís
Published: January 2023

Studies of residents’ perceptions of tourism impacts under social exchange theory have mostly focused on the costs and rewards of tourism in a one-sided manner. The purpose of this study is to examine these perceptions taking social exchange relations, which are dyadic, as the unit of analysis instead. Social exchange relations offer a more accurate understanding of tourism exchanges as they pair costs with rewards. The literature review analyses previous studies of resident impact perceptions in which exchange relations had been suggested. Based on this review, a survey was carried out among the residents of Besalú. Four social exchange relations were identified using factor analysis. The results show that perceptions about exchanges that specifically involve the resources of space, which tends to be a scarce resource in heritage towns, and retailing areas are linked to the willingness of residents to accept tourism. This suggests that these are critical resources affecting residents’ general perception of the tourism exchange. The results also show that residents strongly perceive tourism as a contribution to heritage conservation.
La competitividad y su desempeño en destinos turísticos costeros: El caso de Mazatlán, México
Authors: Velarde-Valdez Mónica , Magio Kennedy Obombo , Olmos-Martínez Elizabeth
Published: January 2023

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la competitividad del destino turístico de Mazatlán por medio de categorías analíticas y atributos definidos para tomar en cuenta sus características como destino turístico costero y su contexto local que lo coloca entre los destinos turísticos costeros más importantes de México. Se analizan 37 atributos que forman parte de siete categorías. El análisis se realizó desde una perspectiva metodológica mixta, con datos recopilados a través de encuestas, entrevistas, grupos focales y el análisis documental. Se definieron las categorías de análisis en las discusiones de los grupos focales y posteriormente se aplicaron 152 encuestas a actores turísticos para evaluar los 37 atributos. A través de las entrevistas y el análisis documental se fundamentó y se complementó la información obtenida en las encuestas. Cada uno de los 37 atributos fue evaluado, calificado y codificado utilizando un método de semáforo con puntos y colores en el cual; rojo indica atención prioritaria, amarillo indica atención preventiva, azul indica favorable, y verde indica condición muy favorable. De acuerdo con los resultados, los cuatro atributos que requieren atención prioritaria son: mejorar la accesibilidad de los atractivos, el desarrollo de aplicaciones móviles, gestionar de manera eficiente el fortalecimiento de la conectividad aérea y eficientar el marco político e institucional del destino. Los atributos mejor evaluados son: competitividad en precios, variedad gastronómica, relación calidad/precio e infraestructura por tierra.
Impacto de la metodología Leader en el turismo rural. Una propuesta de análisis cuantitativo
Authors: Soler Vaya Federico , San-Martín González Enrique
Published: January 2023

La apuesta de las instituciones públicas por el turismo para el desarrollo de las zonas rurales en España ha sido constante desde la puesta en marcha de la metodología Leader en 1991, convirtiéndose en la actividad económica a la que más recursos se han destinado. Sin embargo, tras más de treinta años de inversiones, son escasos los estudios que han valorado si estas han tenido algún efecto en los municipios en las que se han aplicado. Por ello, en este artículo se propone un análisis cuantitativo del turismo rural, entre el período 2006 y 2019, para determinar el impacto de los programas implementados mediante esta metodología Leader. Dado que dichos programas se aplican localmente, el análisis se ha realizado a escala local. Este nivel de análisis presenta muchas dificultades debido a la escasez y mala calidad de los datos existentes. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren una relación positiva entre las pernoctaciones rurales y la participación en los programas de desarrollo rural realizados bajo la metodología Leader.
Tourist intensity in medium and small Spanish cities. Urban tourism research using a quantitative indicator: Tourism Intensity Index (TII)
Authors: Hidalgo Giralt Carmen , Palacios García Antonio , Barrado Timón Diego , Cea D’Ancona Francisca
Published: January 2023

Urban tourism has experienced significant growth in recent decades, generating situations of overtourism and tourismophobia. In Spain, cities such as Barcelona, Sevilla, Valencia, and Madrid face the effects of excess tourism on a daily basis, even in times of the pandemic. The objective of this study is to determine whether an increase in tourism intensity has also occurred in small and medium-sized Spanish cities and, if so, to develop an assessment of the phenomenon. To this end, a Tourism Intensity Index (TII) has been designed and applied to international tourist flows and statistically tested (through cluster analysis and Student’s ‘t’ test), permitting not only a confirmation of the phenomenon but its characterization during the period 2003-2020 and its interpretation from a geographical perspective. This research shows that tourist intensity is a phenomenon that extends also to medium and small Spanish cities.
Gestión del overtourism en centros históricos mediante demarketing
Authors: Mendoza de Miguel Sofía , De la Calle Vaquero Manuel , Martínez Parra Beatriz
Published: January 2023

En los años previos a la eclosión de la pandemia de COVID 19 se asistió a un importante crecimiento de las llegadas de turistas, lo que provocó una serie de problemas que se englobaron en el término “overtourism”. La reducción de la presión turística se convirtió en un aspecto importante de la gestión de los centros históricos e implicó la adopción de distintas estrategias, entre ellas el demarketing. El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar la aportación de esta estrategia en el control del exceso de presión turística de los centros históricos de las ciudades españolas. Para ello, se ha identificado y analizado las acciones de demarketing de Barcelona, Bilbao, Donostia-San Sebastián, Madrid, Santiago de Compostela, Sevilla y Valencia, a través del análisis de planes, folletos, webs de turismo y redes sociales. Si bien en todos estos destinos se han aplicado acciones puntuales de demarketing, especialmente aquellas relacionadas con objetivos de descentralización y diversificación, en general se aprecia un notable desaprovechamiento de sus posibilidades para la reducción de la presión turística de los centros históricos. De hecho, incluso en los momentos más intensos del overtourism, siguieron prevaleciendo modelos tradicionales de gestión turística orientados a la atracción indiferenciada de un mayor número de visitantes y a la promoción de atractivos turísticos patrimoniales aquejados de saturación.
The first study on urinary loss of iron and transferrin in association with proteinuria in dogs with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Sannamwong Nawat , Buranakarl Chollada , Sutayatram Saikaew , Trisiriroj Monkon , Dissayabutra Thasinas
Published: January 2023

Background and Aim: Anemia is an important factor in surviving chronic kidney disease (CKD). Anemia in CKD is associated with various factors, such as inadequate production of erythropoietin and the availability of iron and its binding protein. Reduced total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) and iron concentrations may be related to their urinary loss along with proteinuria. This study aimed to determine the urinary loss of iron and transferrin (TF) in relation to the degree of proteinuria.

Materials and Methods: The study was performed on 37 dogs with CKD. Dogs were divided according to the severity of proteinuria into two groups based on the mean of urinary protein–creatinine (UPC) ratio into UPC ratio <4 and UPC ratio >4. The hematocrit (HCT), blood chemistries, plasma iron, plasma TF, UPC ratio, urinary iron per creatinine ratio (U-Iron/ CR), and urinary TF per creatinine ratio (U-TF/CR) were evaluated.

Results: Anemia was associated with the severity of renal impairment as demonstrated by reduction of HCT when staging of CKD was higher. Dogs with UPC ratio >4 had higher urinary loss of both U-Iron/CR (p < 0.01) and U-TF/CR (p < 0.001) with lower plasma TIBC (p < 0.001). The UPC ratio was positively correlated with both U-Iron/CR (r = 0.710, p < 0.001) and U-TF/CR (r = 0.730, p < 0.001) but negatively with TIBC (r = –0.462, p < 0.01).

Conclusion: Proteinuria was associated with urinary loss of both iron and TF which may contribute to anemia in CKD.
Enabling Innovation in The Philippine Rice Industry: The Roles and Key-Capabilities of Innovation Intermediaries
Authors: Go Kevin Christopher
Published: January 2023

The innovation studies literature finds that innovation intermediaries or innovation-enabling organizations perform roles that promote knowledge transfer, organizational development, and network collaboration. Furthermore, these organizations require building necessary key-capabilities that allow them to conduct these roles more successfully. However, a gap remains in understanding how intermediaries perform their roles and develop key-capabilities as global value chains and innovation systems interact, especially in agri-food business industries. This study chooses the Philippine rice industry as a case. It shows how innovation intermediaries in the industry support the upgrading, participation, and innovation of their stakeholders to compete against cheaper rice produced abroad. It provides several policy and management implications for maximizing the role performance and key-capability building of innovation intermediaries in agri-food business industries. This article is part of a more extensive dissertation on how innovation intermediaries in agri-food business industries perform roles and build key-capabilities as their organization types, value chain segment participation, and industry’s market orientation vary.
Innovation Management Model in Supporting Healthy Food Availability Through The Development of Zoning-Based Organic Farming
Authors: Subejo Subejo , Irham Irham , Simarmata Rikardo , Widada Arif Wahyu , Nurhayati Azizatun , Anantasari Esti , Devi Laksmi Yustika
Published: January 2023

The importance of providing healthy food has become a great concern in agricultural development. The innovation of zoning-based organic farming development is the prospective solution not only to increase the production capability of healthy food but also to improve the quality of land and the environment, as well as to increase business efficiency, and to improve agricultural product price. The development of zoning-based organic farming is also in line with the national policy in agriculture, namely the corporate-based agricultural zoning approach. Apart from that, the development of organic agriculture must be an upstream-downstream approach so that integrative management system is strongly needed, starting from on-farm processing to marketing of the organic products. The implementation of zoning-based organic farming management will involve many related stakeholders, especially farmers, farmer groups, cooperatives, related local governmental agencies and business partners. This approach certainly requires a clear legal basic support related to the organic agriculture zoning so that the sustainability of organic farming can be appropriately maintained. Therefore, the idea of making District Head Regulation (called Peraturan Bupati) as the legal protection for the management system for organic farming zoning is the right choice. Thus, if the design of this governance model can run well, then the hope that the zoning-based organic farming approach will improve the welfare of farmers may come true
Multistakeholder Collaboration to Enhance the Scalability of Jarwo Super Technology: An Innovation Platform Perspective
Authors: Ayunda Winda Anestya , Purwaningsih Indah , Ariana Lutfah , Ibrahim Cecep
Published: January 2023

The process of accelerating the diffusion of research and development (R&D) results in an agricultural innovation system (AIS) can be realized through an innovation platform approach. This study examines the collaboration of multi-stakeholders in the process of development and diffusion of the Jajar Legowo (Jarwo) Super technology through the perspective of innovation platform. There have been few studies in the area to look at the structure of technology diffusion process to achieve a scalability of impact. This study will fill the gap by looking at the structure of multi-stakeholders’ network and the working mechanism of the platform to get understanding on the delivery process of Public Research Organization (PRO)’s research result at a systemic level.  The analysis of this research is equipped with the application of a co-word analysis. This tool is used to map issues based on the actor's function, namely the role in the development and diffusion of Jarwo Super technology. The results of the study will contribute to the theoretical development of innovation platform in AIS. It also provides a basis for policy makers and related stakeholders on how innovation platform can strengthen agricultural development programs in a wider organizational context.
The Long Journey of Indonesian Science and Technology Policy during The New Order Period (1968-1998)
Authors: Akbar Maulana , Naufal Qisty Syifa , Robiatal Adawiyah Veni , Mahardhika Putera Wisnu
Published: January 2023

This study examined Indonesia's science and technology (S&T) policies from 1966 to 1998. The research investigated how the government identifies S&T problems, plans policies, and implements policies to support S&T development using the primary source of national development planning, the six-volume Five-Year Development Plan (Repelita). This study contends that during the 32-year New Order regimes of Indonesian S&T policy, the focus of development shifted from agriculture to efforts to transition mastery of technology products through the development of Human Resources in Science and Technology (HRST), institutional development of S&T, implementation of S&T culture in government institutions, provision of S&T for industry, and technology transfer. Although Indonesian S&T development has never reached the peak where it can compete with developed countries, it does contribute to the creation of a foundational S&T ecosystem, particularly as the initial foundation for the next regime
Individual Intangible Factor Aspect Co-Creation as Collaboration Research Product Activities HFNC 01 in Pandemic as A Case Study
Authors: Romadona Mia Rahma , Febrianda Rendi , Setiawan Sigit
Published: January 2023

The studies that investigate the intangible factors that influence the success of co-creation, including the psychological aspects of the engaged actors' individual psychology, have not been well addressed. The intangible components, particularly the psychological aspects have gained little attention as many studies concentrate on tangible factors. The purpose of this study is to look into the psychological aspects of the actors as an intangible factor in the co-creation process between the Indonesian company PT X and the Indonesian Public Research Institute Y (PRI Y) through using Gerlink LIPI High Flow Nasal Cannula 01 (GLP HFNC 01) as a technological innovation. This study used a case study strategy and qualitative method to obtain in-depth data and to determine a more precise saturation point. The results show that personal proximity as a psychological aspect of interpersonal contact is the primary determinant of co-creation formation. Pleasant communication and personal engagement are crucial factors in establishing co-creation among industry, public R&D institutes, and consumers. The actors involved in the co-creation demonstrate that the individual's characters have a significant impact to foster the co-creation process such as open-mindedness, information-seeking, team leadership, interpersonal communication, and teamwork.

 
Keywords: character, psychology, co-creation, commitment, communication, innovation, researcher, industry
Airborne dual-wavelength waveform LiDAR improves species classification accuracy of boreal broadleaved and coniferous trees
Authors: Korpela Ilkka , Polvivaara Antti , Papunen Saija , Tienaho Noora , Jaakkola Laura , Uotila Johannes , Puputti Tuomas , Flyktman Aleksi
Published: January 2023

Tree species identification constitutes a bottleneck in remote sensing applications. Waveform LiDAR has been shown to offer potential over discrete-return observations, and we assessed if the combination of two-wavelength waveform data can lead to further improvements. A total of 2532 trees representing seven living and dead conifer and deciduous species classes found in Hyytiälä forests in southern Finland were included in the experiments. LiDAR data was acquired by two single-wavelength sensors. The 1064-nm and 1550-nm data were radiometrically corrected to enable range-normalization using the radar equation. Pulses were traced through the canopy, and by applying 3D crown models, the return waveforms were assigned to individual trees. Crown models and a terrain model enabled a further split of the waveforms to strata representing the crown, understory and ground segments. Different geometric and radiometric waveform attributes were extracted per return pulse and aggregated to tree-level mean and standard deviation features. We analyzed the effect of tree size on the features, the correlation between features and the between-species differences of the waveform features. Feature importance for species classification was derived using F-test and the Random Forest algorithm. Classification tests showed significant improvement in overall accuracy (74→83% with 7 classes, 88→91% with 4 classes) when the 1064-nm and 1550-nm features were merged. Most features were not invariant to tree size, and the dependencies differed between species and LiDAR wavelength. The differences were likely driven by factors such as bark reflectance, height growth induced structural changes near the treetop as well as foliage density in old trees.
Tanulói aktivitásra alapozott oktatási módszerek alkalmazásának
vizsgálata általános és középiskolai tanárok körében
Authors: Bánfi Gréta , Korom Erzsébet
Published: January 2023

A tanulmány egy kérdőíves kutatás eredményeit mutatja be, amely
általános és középiskolai tanárok (n = 182) körében vizsgálta a különböző
tanulásszervezési módok és oktatási módszerek alkalmazásának gyakoriságát,
kiemelt figyelmet fordítva az aktív tanulási formákra, valamint azok
megítélésére és az elterjedésüket nehezítő tényezőkre. A felmérésre a
Dél-Alföld régió négy városának iskoláiban került sor. A 43 itemes,
papíralapon felvett kérdőív négy részből áll, minden egység megfelelő
reliabilitás-mutatóval rendelkezik (Cronbach-alfa: 0,86–0,92). Az adatok
elemzése, összehasonlítása iskolatípusonként, illetve a tanárok szakjai
alapján kialakított humán-reál részmintákban, továbbá a szakmai tapasztalat
alapján kialakított három részmintában történt. Az eredmények szerint a
vizsgálatba bevont tanárok fontosnak tartják az aktív tanuláshoz kapcsolódó
oktatási célokat, az aktív tanulási formák alkalmazásában azonban van
különbség az egyes részmintákban. Az általános iskolában gyakoribb az
egyéni, a páros és a csoportmunka, és az aktív tanulás módszerei is itt az
elterjedtebbek. A reál szakosok gyakrabban használják a számítógéppel
segített tanulást, a kutatásalapú tanulást, valamint a tanári és tanulói
kísérletet, és közülük is elsősorban azok, akik a pályájuk elején járnak.
Az aktív tanulással kapcsolatos nehézségek közül a tanárok mindkét
iskolatípusban a tantervi támogatás, valamint a megfelelő tananyag és
tanári segédanyag hiányát, továbbá az időhiányt és a magas osztálylétszámot
emelték ki. Legkevésbé a módszertani bizonytalanságot érzik problémának. A
legkevesebb szakmai tapasztalattal rendelkezők küzdenek leginkább
módszertani nehézségekkel, de az aktív tanulási módszerek használatában a
20 évnél régebb óta pályán levők is gyakran bizonytalanok. A
továbbképzéseken való részvételnek pozitív hatása van az aktív tanulási
módszerek alkalmazására.
Acute Cellular Rejection Presenting With Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome and Refractory Ascites Postliver Transplantation
Authors: Harris Elizabeth , Hanish Steven , Vagefi Parsia , Mufti Arjmand
Published: January 2023

Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) is a rare cause of ascites postliver transplantation. We describe the case of a 21-year-old woman transplanted for glycogen storage disease type 1a who developed ascites posttransplantation and was determined to have SOS in the setting of acute cellular rejection (ACR). This case has implications for the management of patients who develop ascites in the setting of ACR postliver transplantation. To our knowledge, this is the only reported case of ACR complicated by SOS in a patient status postliver transplantation for glycogen storage disease type 1a.
Neonatal thyrotropin - indicatior of monitoring of iodine deficiency severity. What’s level is considered a «cutoff point»?
Authors: Suplotova L. A. , Makarova O. B. , Troshina E. A.
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND: The issues of monitoring the effectiveness of iodine deficiency prevention programs are an important component in the process of iodine elimination. Neonatal thyrotropin (TSH) has been used as a criterion for the severity of iodine deficiency since 1994, however, the question of the “cut-off point” of the neonatal TSH level has been widely discussed in the recent literature.AIM: Evaluate the criterion for neonatal hyperthyroidism above 5 mIU/l from the perspective of monitoring iodine deficiency and establish a «cut-off point» on the model of healthy pregnant women with adequate iodine status.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective study was conducted in a population of pregnant women in the city of Tyumen, with the formation of observation groups according to the level of iodine excretion in the urine — the main group (with adequate iodine status throughout the entire gestation period) and the comparison group (women with iodine levels less than 150 μg/l). The results of neonatal screening for congenital hypothyroidism in children of women participating in the study were evaluated. The frequency of neonatal TSH above 5mIU/l was assessed in the observation groups. ROC-analysis was performed and a «cut-off point» of the level of neonatal TSH was established as an indicator of iodine deficiency.RESULTS: The median urinary iodine concentration in the population of pregnant women in Tyumen was 159.05 μg/l, the incidence of goiter was 0.38%, the incidence of neonatal hyperthyroidism above 5 mIU/l was 2.88%, which characterizes adequate iodine intake in the pregnant population women. The frequency of neonatal TSH above 5 mIU/l in newborns from women from the main group was 1.47%, and in the comparison group — 9.3% (p = 0.076). ROC analysis revealed a threshold value of neonatal TSH of 2.77 mIU/l at the cut-off point, which corresponded to the highest value of the Youden index. Urinary iodine concentrations greater than 150 μg/l were predicted for nTSH values below this value.CONCLUSION: Analysis of databases of neonatal screening for congenital hypothyroidism makes it possible to effectively, quickly and at minimal cost annually assess the iodine status in the population. The established «cut-off point» of neonatal TSH in the model of healthy pregnant women with adequate iodine intake in our work is 2.77 mIU/l, the absence of statistically significant differences in the incidence of neonatal hyperthyroidism above 5 mIU/l from women with different iodine status during pregnancy indicate the need to revise the existing threshold of 5 mIU/l and may be an incentive to conduct large-scale studies in regions with different iodine supply.
In Blessed Memory of Alexander Yurievich Mayorov
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: January 2023

On January 1, 2023, at the age of 59, the head of the Diabetes Prediction and Innovation Department of the Diabetes Institute of the State Scientific Center-FGBU «NMITs of Endocrinology» of the Ministry of Health of Russia, the president of the All-Russian Public Organization of the Disabled «Russian Diabetes Association» endocrinologist and diabetologist, doctor of medical sciences, died suddenly Professor Mayorov Alexander Yurievich.