bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhanced photocatalytic activity of green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles using low-cost plant extracts
Authors: Mousa Sahar A. , Wissa D. A. , Hassan H. H. , Ebnalwaled A. A. , Khairy S. A.
Published: July 2024

Developing stable and highly efficient metal oxide photocatalysts remains a significant challenge in managing organic pollutants. In this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were successfully synthesized using various plant extracts, pomegranate (P.M), beetroot roots (B.S), and seder, along with a chemical process. The produced ZnO NPs were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), and Surface Area. For all prepared samples, the results indicated that the composition of the plant extract affects several characteristics of the produced particles, such as their photocatalytic properties, energy bandgap (Eg), particle size, and the ratio of the two intensity (0 0 2) and (1 0 0) crystalline planes. The particle size of the produced NPs varies between 20 and 30 nm. To examine NPs' photocatalytic activity in the presence of UV light, Methyl Orange (MO) was utilized. The Eg of  ZnO synthesized by the chemical method was 3.16 e. V, whereas it was 2.84, 2.63, and 2.59 for P.M, Seder, and B.S extracts, respectively. The most effective ZnO NPs, synthesized using Beetroots, exhibited a degradation efficiency of 87 ± 0.5% with a kinetic rate constant of 0.007 min−1. The ratio of the two intensity (0 0 2) and (1 0 0) crystalline planes was also examined to determine a specific orientation in (0 0 2) that is linked to the production of oxygen vacancies in ZnO, which enhances their photocatalytic efficiency. Furthermore, the increase in photocatalytic effectiveness can be attributed to the improved light absorption by the inter-band gap states and effective charge transfer.
Cell-cycle dependence on the biological effects of boron neutron capture therapy and its modification by polyvinyl alcohol
Authors: Matsuya Yusuke , Sato Tatsuhiko , Kusumoto Tamon , Yachi Yoshie , Seino Ryosuke , Miwa Misako , Ishikawa Masayori , Matsuyama Shigeo , Fukunaga Hisanori
Published: July 2024

Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a unique radiotherapy of selectively eradicating tumor cells using boron compounds (e.g., 4-borono-l-phenylalanine [BPA]) that are heterogeneously taken up at the cellular level. Such heterogenicity potentially reduces the curative efficiency. However, the effects of temporospatial heterogenicity on cell killing remain unclear. With the technical combination of radiation track detector and biophysical simulations, this study revealed the cell cycle-dependent heterogenicity of BPA uptake and subsequent biological effects of BNCT on HeLa cells expressing fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicators, as well as the modification effects of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The results showed that the BPA concentration in the S/G2/M phase was higher than that in the G1/S phase and that PVA enhances the biological effects both by improving the uptake and by canceling the heterogenicity. These findings might contribute to a maximization of therapeutic efficacy when BNCT is combined with PVA and/or cell cycle-specific anticancer agents.
Intensive care unit-acquired infections more common in patients with COVID-19 than with influenza
Authors: Beck-Friis Josefine , Gisslén Magnus , Nilsson Staffan , Lindblom Anna , Oras Jonatan , Yilmaz Aylin
Published: July 2024

Intensive care unit-acquired infections are complicating events in critically ill patients. In this study we analyzed the incidence, microbiological patterns, and outcome in patients with COVID-19 versus influenza in the intensive care unit (ICU). We included all adult patients treated with invasive mechanical ventilation due to (1) COVID-19 between January 2020 and March 2022, and (2) influenza between January 2015 and May 2023 at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden. Of the 480 participants included in the final analysis, 436 had COVID-19. The incidence rates of ICU-acquired infections were 31.6/1000 and 9.9/1000 ICU-days in the COVID-19 and influenza cohorts, respectively. Ventilator-associated lower respiratory tract infections were most common in both groups. In patients with COVID-19, corticosteroid treatment was associated with an increased risk of ICU-acquired infections and with higher 90-day mortality in case of infection. Furthermore, ICU-acquired infection was associated with a prolonged time in the ICU, with more difficult-to-treat gram-negative infections in late versus early ventilator-associated lower respiratory tract infections. Further research is needed to understand how the association between corticosteroid treatment and incidence and outcome of ICU-acquired infections varies across different patient categories.
Anisotropic scrunching of SMC with a baton-pass mechanism
Authors: Moon Kyoung-Wook , Kim Do-Gyun , Ryu Je-Kyung
Published: July 2024

DNA-loop extrusion is considered to be a universal principle of structural maintenance of chromosome (SMC) proteins with regard to chromosome organization. Despite recent advancements in structural dynamics studies that involve the use of cryogenic-electron microscopy (Cryo-EM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), etc., the precise molecular mechanism underlying DNA-loop extrusion by SMC proteins remains the subject of ongoing discussions. In this context, we propose a scrunching model that incorporates the anisotropic motion of SMC folding with a baton-pass mechanism, offering a potential explanation of how a “DNA baton” is transferred from the hinge domain to a DNA pocket via an anisotropic hinge motion. This proposed model provides insights into how SMC proteins unidirectionally extrude DNA loops in the direction of loop elongation while also maintaining the stability of a DNA loop throughout the dynamic process of DNA-loop extrusion.
Injectable Smart Hydrogels for Myocardial Infarction Therapy
Authors: Cimen Z. , Demirel G. B.
Published: July 2024

The American Heart Association’s recent report on cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) estimates that 17.9 million people die from cardiovascular diseases each year, and approximately 85% of these deaths and strokes are due to myocardial infarction (MI). It is thought that this number will increase to 23.6 million by 2030. Therefore, it can be said that MI has become the dominant cause of morbidity and mortality. Based on these data, heart failure can be defined as a global public health problem that surpasses even cancer. The main problem is that traditional treatment methods have a limited ability to regenerate and repair heart tissue and restore heart function. The development of new and multi-functional biomaterials for the treatment of MI has become an important research topic. Among the various kinds of biomaterials, injectable hydrogels have significant importance for their unique and privileged properties. On account of this, the latest studies on injectable “smart” hydrogels used in MI treatment are summarized, and the challenges and future prospects of injectable hydrogels are discussed in this chapter.
Inductively heatable catalytic materials for the dehydrogenation of the liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC) perhydro dibenzyltoluene
Authors: Schörner Markus , Solymosi Thomas , Razcka Theodor , Nathrath Phillip , Johner Nicolas Patrick , Zimmermann Thomas , Mandel Karl , Wasserscheid Peter , Wintzheimer Susanne , Schühle Patrick
Published: July 2024

The dehydrogenation of perhydro dibenzyltoluene (H18-DBT) is achieved via direct induction heating of Pt-based catalyst materials in bead and plate form.
Density functional theory and microkinetics of ethylene chain growth and termination on silica grafted group 4 metal hydrides
Authors: Mehra Neha , Schneider William F.
Published: July 2024

Computational interrogation of factors affecting rates and product distribution from ethylene chain growth by silica supported group 4 metal hydrides.
Colloidal synthesis of two-dimensional nanocrystals by the polyol route
Authors: Kimberly Tanner Q. , Frasch Michelle H. , Kauzlarich Susan M.
Published: July 2024

Polyols are a versatile solvent for colloidal solution synthesis to yield high-quality 2D nanoplates.
A green approach to encapsulate proteins and enzymes within crystalline lanthanide-based Tb and Gd MOFs
Authors: Tocco Davide , Joshi Madhura , Mastrangelo Rosangela , Fratini Emiliano , Salis Andrea , Hartmann Martin
Published: July 2024

Aspergillus sp. laccase was immobilised in situ within two lanthanide-based MOFs obtained by a green synthetic approach under mild conditions.
The effect of iron absorption in ferrous gluconate form from enriched rice flour using an in vitro digestion model and a Caco-2 cell model
Authors: Lin Jing , Liu Caiyu , Bai Ru , Zhang Chi , Pang Jinzhu , Liu Zhengdong , Ye Xingwang , Chen Shuangshuang , Liu Xinqi , Li He , Hu Sumei
Published: July 2024

The iron absorption rate of ferrous gluconate was higher than that of ferrous fumarate in rice flour.
Quercetin ameliorates neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative biomarkers in the brain and improves neurobehavioral parameters in a repeated intranasal amyloid-beta exposed model of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Lasure Vaibhav Uttamrao , Singh Gautam Avtar , Singh Rakesh Kumar
Published: July 2024

Quercetin exerted antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties to protect brain neuronal health. It also ameliorated Aβ deposition, and regulated APP, BACE-1 and tau hyperphosphorylation in brain, and improved neurobehavioral cognitive parameters.
Sulfur quantum dots for fluorescence sensing in biological and pharmaceutical samples: a review
Authors: Kayani Kawan F. , Mohammed Sewara J. , Mohammad Nian N. , Abdullah Ahmed M. , Tofiq Diary I. , Mustafa Muhammad S. , Shwan Dler M. S. , Aziz Shujahadeen B.
Published: July 2024

The study on sulfur quantum dots for fluorescence sensing in biological and pharmaceutical samples classifies SQD fluorescent probes into two categories: sensing of biological samples and sensing of pharmaceutical samples.
Dominant higher-order vortex gyromodes in circular magnetic nanodots
Authors: Bondarenko Artem V. , Bunyaev Sergey A. , Shukla Amit K. , Apolinario Arlete , Singh Navab , Navas David , Guslienko Konstantin Y. , Adeyeye Adekunle O. , Kakazei Gleb N.
Published: July 2024

Through simulations and experiments, we show that extending vortex state magnetic nanodots into the third dimension boosts the vortex gyrotropic frequency up to 5 GHz, compared to the sub-GHz excitations observed in planar structures.
Synthesis of fluorinated spiro-1,3-oxazines and thiazines via Selectfluor-mediated intramolecular cyclization
Authors: Gogoi Chinu , Saikia Ujwal Pratim , Borah Priyam , Saikia Trishna , Bora Anamika , Rastogi Gaurav K. , Pahari Pallab
Published: July 2024

An intramolecular fluoronative spirocyclization for the synthesis of fluorine-substituted spiro-1,3-oxazine and spiro-1,3-thiazine derivatives is described.
Structure–activity relationships, product species distribution and the mechanism of effect of multi-component flue gas on Hg0 adsorption and oxidation over CuO/ACs
Authors: Tong Li , Zuo Penglai , Zhang Xiaoxi , Liang Quanming , Wang Kun , Yang Yawen , Liu Jieyu , Guo Haixin , Zhang Peng
Published: July 2024

Distribution laws toward mercury product species and the proposed removal mechanism for Hg0 under simulated flue gas over CuO/AC.
Structural analysis of peptide identified from the 2KRR domain of the nucleolin protein with a c-Myc G4 structure using biophysical and biochemical methods
Authors: Kaur Sarvpreet , Kundu Nikita , Sharma Taniya , Shankaraswamy J. , Singh Sweta , Saxena Sarika
Published: July 2024

The stabilization of c-Myc G4 structure is reported by binding of the peptide (derived from the 2KRR domain of the nucleolin protein called the Nu peptide) in the loop region of the G-quadruplex structure by stacking interactions.
Radical chain mechanism for the S2O82−–S2O32−–Cu(ii) flow system explains high-amplitude pH oscillations in the NH4OH-modified version
Authors: Kurin-Csörgei Krisztina , Szalai István , Orbán Miklós
Published: July 2024

Autocatalytic reaction of sulfate radical ions explains the oscillatory phenomena observed in flow reactors.
Synergistic effects (adsorption and biodegradation) of Streptomyces hydrogenans immobilization on nano-reed biochar for further application in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket
Authors: Mohamed Aya , EL-Shatoury Sahar , Aboulfotoh Ahmed , Abd El-Rahem Khaled A. , El Shahawy Abeer
Published: July 2024

A schematic diagram of the proposed Phragmites australis biochar and anion interactions.
The Li2Ti6O13 and Li2Zr6O13 composite as a high-performance anode for alkali-ion batteries: a molecular dynamics study
Authors: Zulueta Yohandys A. , Nguyen Minh Tho , Pham-Ho My Phuong
Published: July 2024

Lithium hexatitanate@lithium hexazirconate as a promising solid-state composite with potential anode application in high performace of alkali-ion batteries.
Phthalimides: developments in synthesis and functionalization
Authors: Doraghi Fatemeh , Morshedsolouk Mohammad Hossein , Zahedi Nawrooz Ali , Larijani Bagher , Mahdavi Mohammad
Published: July 2024

Phthalimides are prevalent in pharmaceuticals, and natural products, etc. The synthesis of phthalimides catalyzed by transition metals and under metal-free conditions as well as functionalization of NH-phthalimides are described in this review.
The merger of electro-reduction and hydrogen bonding activation for a radical Smiles rearrangement
Authors: Lan Liyuan , Xu Kun , Zeng Chengchu
Published: July 2024

An unprecedented radical smiles rearrangement of N-arylpropiolamides was realized by merging electro-reduction with hydrogen bonding activation. Enabled by this dual activation strategy, the reduction potential was shifted positively by 218 mV.
Hydrodeoxygenation of bio-oil model compounds over Ni- and Pt-catalysts supported on hydrophobized halloysite nanotubes
Authors: Zasypalov Gleb , Klimovsky Vladimir , Abramov Egor , Vutolkina Anna , Mustakimova Ekaterina , Verevkin Sergey , Stytsenko Valentin , Glotov Aleksandr
Published: July 2024

Waterproof catalysts supported on hydrophobized halloysite nanotubes for hydrodeoxygenation of bio-oil aromatics compounds derived from lignocellulose.
Eco-friendly amidation of oxidized carbon black by dry ball milling
Authors: Kiani Aida , Palumbo Marco , Acocella Maria Rosaria
Published: July 2024

A sustainable amidation of oxidized carbon black (oCB) is carried out by ball milling with octadecylamine (ODA). The reaction is performed under solvent free conditions providing a hydrophobic adduct (oCB/ODA) with a high degree of functionalization.
Leveraging machine learning in porous media
Authors: Delpisheh Mostafa , Ebrahimpour Benyamin , Fattahi Abolfazl , Siavashi Majid , Mir Hamed , Mashhadimoslem Hossein , Abdol Mohammad Ali , Ghorbani Mina , Shokri Javad , Niblett Daniel , Khosravi Khabat , Rahimi Shayan , Alirahmi Seyed Mojtaba , Yu Haoshui , Elkamel Ali , Niasar Vahid , Mamlouk Mohamed
Published: July 2024

Evaluating the advantages and limitations of applying machine learning for prediction and optimization in porous media, with applications in energy, environment, and subsurface studies.
Oxygen vacancy-triggered performance enhancement of toluene oxidation over Cu catalysts: a combined kinetics and mechanistic investigation
Authors: Zhang Xiangxue , Fei Nina , Wang Qianhong , Khan Ali Raza , Chen Wenyao , Qian Gang , Zhang Jing , Chen De , Duan Xuezhi , Zhou Xinggui , Yuan Weikang
Published: July 2024

The oxygen vacancy-tuned rate-relevant step for toluene oxidation is revealed by a combined kinetics and mechanistic investigation over Cu catalysts.
Ultrafast degradation of organic pollutants enabled by nanofluidic ZIF-67/GO membranes via efficient nanoconfined peroxymonosulfate activation
Authors: Hu Jian , Hou Jue , Zhao Chen , Su Yuyu , Wang Rong , Zhang Huacheng
Published: July 2024

Nanofluidic catalytic membranes composed of two-dimensional graphene oxide nanosheets and ZIF-67 crystals swiftly eliminate organic pollutants from wastewater.
Accelerating the generation and discovery of high-performance donor materials for organic solar cells by deep learning
Authors: Sun Jinyu , Li Dongxu , Wang Yue , Xie Ting , Zou Yingping , Lu Hongmei , Zhang Zhimin
Published: July 2024

A deep learning-based framework (DeepDonor) has been developed to find high-performance donor materials. The experimental PCEs of devices based on two discovered candidates were 16.27% and 15.07%.
Chirality inducing units in organic TADF molecules: a way to circularly polarized luminescence
Authors: Thakur Diksha , Vaidyanathan Sivakumar
Published: July 2024

Circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) from chiral TADF molecules.
Eggshell protein modified cotton fabric for flexible and sustainable piezoelectric wearable sensors
Authors: Liang Xinhua , Xu Hao , Yu Xuliang , Luo Tian , Cong Honglian , Jiang Gaoming , Xu Lei , Ramakrishna Seeram , He Haijun
Published: July 2024

A fabric-based piezoelectric sensor with eggshell protein is constructed as a potential candidate for green and high-performance electronic devices.
Recent advances in III–V nitrides: properties, applications and perspectives
Authors: Li Guoxin , Zhu Miaodong , Guo Zhonghong , Yang Ying , Li Hangtian , Shang Jianbo , Feng Yikang , Lu Yunshu , Gao Fangliang , Li Shuti
Published: July 2024

This paper reviews recent research on III–V nitrides, including their physical and chemical properties, synthesis methods, and applications in optoelectronic devices.
Unity fluorescent carbene–gold(i)–acetylide complexes with two-photon absorption and energy-efficient blue FOLEDs
Authors: Brannan Alexander C. , Cho Hwan-Hee , Daniel Jonathan , Harvey Amelia J. , Smith Charles T. , Le Phuoc Nguyen , Linnolahti Mikko , Blanchard-Desce Mireille , Greenham Neil C. , Romanov Alexander S.
Published: July 2024

Two-photon absorption chromophores suitable for the construction of energy-efficient blue fluorescent OLEDs.
Four Cases of Children With Phonological Impairment and Precocious Vocabulary: Making Sense of a Clinical Conundrum
Authors: Hearnshaw Stephanie , Baker Elise , Pomper Ron , McGregor Karla K. , Edwards Jan , Munro Natalie
Published: July 2024

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to describe the speech production, speech perception, vocabulary, and word learning abilities of lexically precocious 4-year-old children with phonological impairment, in an effort to better understand the underlying nature of phonological impairment in children.

Method:

Using a case series approach, we identified four children with phonological impairment and precocious vocabulary abilities. Each child completed routine speech production and vocabulary assessments, as well as experimental speech perception and word learning tasks. The results from these tasks were then used to create profiles of each child's individual strengths and needs across the abilities assessed.

Results:

Although all four children presented with phonological impairment and lexically precocious receptive and expressive vocabulary, they differed in their specific speech errors. One child presented with phonological speech errors only, while the other three children presented with an interdental lisp alongside their phonological errors. Three children presented with average speech perception abilities, and one child presented with poorer speech perception. The same three children also showed some learning of novel nonwords 1 week post–initial exposure, while the other child showed no evidence of word learning 1 week post–initial exposure.

Conclusions:

The clinical profiles of lexically precocious children with phonological impairment offered different insights into the nature of the problem. Although one child appeared to present with underspecified underlying representations of words, the other three children appeared to present with well-specified underlying representations. Of the three children with well-specified underlying representations, two appeared to have difficulty abstracting particular rules of the ambient phonological system. Further research is needed to improve our understanding of the underlying nature of phonological impairment.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.26307640
Fine‐grained spectrum map inference: A novel approach based on deep residual network
Authors: He Shoushuai , Zhu Lei , Wang Lei , Zeng Weijun , Qin Zhen
Published: July 2024

Spectrum map is a database that stores multidimensional representations of spectrum situation information. It provides support for spectrum sensing and endows wireless communication networks with intelligence. However, the ubiquitous deployment of monitoring devices leads to huge costs of operation and maintenance. It indicates that an approach is needed to reduce the number of monitoring devices, but prevent the degradation of data granularity. Therefore, this paper focuses on the accurate construction of the spectrum map. It aims to infer the fine‐grained spectrum situation of the target region based on coarse‐grained observation. In order to solve this problem, an inference framework based on deep residual network is developed in this paper. In the case of rule deployment for sensing nodes, it adopts the idea of super resolution to improve the accuracy of the spectrum map. The framework is composed of two major parts: an inference network, which generates fine‐grained spectrum maps from coarse‐grained counterparts by using feature extraction module and upsampling construction module; and a fusion network, which considers the influence of environmental factors to further improve the performance. A large number of experiments on simulated datasets verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A fast direct locator for radiation source based on composite convolution neural network
Authors: Gong Chenhao , Zhang Guomei , Li Guobing , Mao Yue
Published: July 2024

The high spatial search complexity of the direct positioning method in passive positioning systems leads to long positioning time and high computational resource consumption. In response to this issue, this article proposes a fast localization scheme based on composite convolutional neural networks (CCNN), which can effectively explore the correlation between the position of the radiation source and the characteristics of the received signal. CCNN is a 20‐layer composite network based on fully convolutional network layer, which is composed of convolutional layers, batch normalization (BN) layers, and ReLU activation function layers with unidirectional connections. Then, CCNNs are adjusted and trained for positioning single and multiple radiation sources, respectively. Simulation results show that the computational time of the proposed method can be reduced by nearly 98% compared with the direct positioning scheme. Meanwhile, about 71.2% of positioning error's reduction is achieved.
Utilisation des implants de desloréline
dans la stérilisation réversible chez la chienne
Authors: Maenhoudt Cindy , Fontbonne Alain
Published: July 2024

L'effet activateur initial reste la principale limite de l'utilisation des implants de desloréline comme méthode de contraception chez les femelles adultes, surtout si l'on veut lutter contre la surpopulation. Cependant, pour les chiennes de propriétaire, c'est toujours une excellente alternative aux méthodes chirurgicales.

Chez des chiennes de moins de 5 mois (pré-pubères), aucun signe d'œstrus induit n'est observé après l'implantation. Aucun effet secondaire majeur n'a été signalé et l'effet à long terme de la réimplantation nécessite d'autres études.
Mapping gender patterns in “dynamic cultural spaces”: the case of Beijing’s open-air antiques “ghost market” at Panjiayuan
Authors: Liu Guanliang , Cao Peiqing , Sun Ziwen , Han Mo , White Mathew P.
Published: July 2024

Despite the growing recognition of the importance of street vendors and informal markets for urban life and the economy globally, research attention has tended to focus on essential products such as food or clothes and paid less attention to cultural products, such as antiques where potential gender, and other socio-demographic, differences in vending and buying behaviours may systematically differ. To explore these issues, this study employed spatial–temporal behaviour mapping (STBM) and field observations (n = 8587) at Beijing’s Panjiayuan antiques “ghost market” a term reflecting its previously illegal/underground and mobile nature. We monitored four representative sites within the market, four times a day for six consecutive days. The data included five categories of behaviour, four age groups, and two genders. Data were recorded and analysed using ArcGIS. Results showed that, unlike common marketplaces, the antique market is primarily frequented by male vendors and buyers, replicating patterns seen in ancient Chinese paintings of men being involved in the trading of “non-essentials”. Nonetheless, we found differing gender balances depending on the time and day of the week, different age groups, and spatial settings in different market areas. We summarise the nuanced relationships between the emerging gender spatio-temporal behaviour patterns and three key factors, spatial characteristics, physical activities and the social division of labour, in the Chinese context. The study reveals how the varied spatial–temporal patterns of a large antique “ghost market” raise long-established issues of equity and inclusivity and provide empirical insights that could inform decision-making and urban planning, such as better use of dynamic lighting provision to encourage a more gender-balanced experience.
Chemical vapor deposition fabricates metal-organic frameworks for gas sensing
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: July 2024

MOFs deposited on microcantilevers are more sensitive while being compatible with existing clean room techniques.
Recent advances and applications of artificial intelligence in 3D bioprinting
Authors: Chen Hongyi , Zhang Bin , Huang Jie
Published: July 2024

3D bioprinting techniques enable the precise deposition of living cells, biomaterials, and biomolecules, emerging as a promising approach for engineering functional tissues and organs. Meanwhile, recent advances in 3D bioprinting enable researchers to build in vitro models with finely controlled and complex micro-architecture for drug screening and disease modeling. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) has been applied to different stages of 3D bioprinting, including medical image reconstruction, bioink selection, and printing process, with both classical AI and machine learning approaches. The ability of AI to handle complex datasets, make complex computations, learn from past experiences, and optimize processes dynamically makes it an invaluable tool in advancing 3D bioprinting. The review highlights the current integration of AI in 3D bioprinting and discusses future approaches to harness the synergistic capabilities of 3D bioprinting and AI for developing personalized tissues and organs.
Surface modification of basalt fibers and its effect on the mechanical properties of basalt fiber/epoxy composite laminates
Authors: Hiremath Anupama , Bolar Gururaj , B. R. N. Murthy , Giri Jayant , Alotaibi Rajeh , T Sathish , Iyer Tejas , J. P. Jaideep
Published: July 2024

Basalt fibers (BFs) are being explored due to their excellent thermo-mechanical properties and commercial value. However, additional surface modifications are needed to improve the interfacial adhesion of the fibers with the matrix. Therefore, the present work explored the applicability of nitric acid, oxalic acid, and silane reagents as surface modification agents. The fibers were subjected to immersion in the chemicals for a varied length of time. The laminates were fabricated using a wet layup process and compression-cured. The developed composites were subjected to mechanical testing to ascertain the effect of the selected surface treatment acids and the treatment duration on the tensile, impact, and flexural strength. Acid treatment was found to be beneficial for improving the mechanical properties of the laminates due to the generation of several functional groups on the surface of the acid-treated fibers. The mechanical properties of the laminate improved for nitric acid treatment in comparison to oxalic acid treatment. With respect to time, the mechanical properties of the laminate improved when nitric acid treatment time was increased to 30 min from 15 min. However, when oxalic acid treatment was performed for 180 min instead of 90 min, there was an observed reduction in the mechanical properties of the laminates. The highest increase in the tensile strength was noted in composites manufactured using fibers subjected to primary acid treatment and secondary silane treatment. Conclusively, nitric acid treatment was most beneficial as it helped improve the tensile, impact, and flexural strength of the BF/epoxy composites.
Calculation and research of hotspot temperature analysis of converter transformer
Authors: Wu Juzhen , He Kanghang
Published: July 2024

This study aims to propose a thermal loop model-based simulation and analysis method for predicting the hotspot temperature of converter transformers in Ultra-High Voltage Direct Current (UHVDC) transmission systems, aiming to address the technical deficiencies in hotspot temperature monitoring of converter transformers in UHVDC transmission engineering. With the advancement of UHVDC transmission technology, converter transformers have emerged as critical electrical components. Operating at elevated voltage levels and accommodating large capacities, these converter transformers experience substantial losses within their windings. Consequently, the issue of winding overheating has become increasingly prominent. The method involves utilizing MATLAB/Simulink to simulate the temperature rise model of converter transformers. The hotspot temperature model adopted in this paper is simple and easy to understand, enabling effective simulation analysis of the top-oil temperature and hotspot temperature of the converter transformer. Configuring simulation parameters derived from existing technical specifications and monitoring data, and subsequently computing the hotspot temperature to satisfy engineering criteria. The simulation analysis of the converter transformer with a rated capacity of 412 300 kVA is conducted using Infolytica MagNet. By comparing the measured data of the top oil temperature and hotspot temperature of the converter transformer with the calculation results of the standard model and the simulation results, the rationality and accuracy of the heat circuit model calculation are verified. This hotspot temperature simulation analysis method provides a new solution for the hotspot temperature detection of the converter transformer.
Optically reconfigurable multi-channel orbital angular momentum generator based on 3-bit coding metasurface
Authors: Liang Jiajun , Dai Ming
Published: July 2024

In this paper, an optically reconfigurable coded metasurface based on photosensitive silicon material for generating multi-channel, multi-mode vortex beams in the terahertz band is proposed. The top layer of the proposed metasurface is a skeletonized metal ring with eight photosensitive silicon patches equidistantly filled in the middle; the bottom structure is a metal plate for reflecting electromagnetic waves. The coding process of the eight photosensitive silicon patches and the use of a spatially structured light source for aligned irradiation can realize the reflection phase reconstruction and form a 3-bit reconfigurable metasurface. Based on the principle of coded metasurface convolution and the principle of superposition, the phase distributions of 3-bit metasurface arrays for single-channel and multi-channel vortex beams are calculated. Under the excitation of a right circularly polarized plane wave, a vertically reflected +1 order vortex wave, a +2 order vortex wave reflected in the tilted direction, +2 and +3 order vortex waves in two directions, and vortex beams carrying orbital angular momentum of orders −2, +1, +2, and +3 in four different directions, respectively, are generated. Our work provides a new way to design a programmable and reconfigurable metasurface, and the designed novel optically controlled reconfigurable metasurface is potentially valuable in the fields of dynamic imaging, terahertz communication, and so on.
Managing medicines-related continuity of care: the views of a range of prescribers in New Zealand general practice
Authors: Wells C. Julie , McBain Lynn , Gray Lesley
Published: July 2024

Introduction Continuity of care is considered vital to achieving high-quality health care. Traditionally, general practitioners have played a key role in managing continuity of care and have largely been accountable for prescribing decision-making in primary care. Following prescribing legislation changes, a range of health disciplines make decisions regarding medicines in the general practice setting. To date, few studies have investigated how different prescribing disciplines view the management of medicines-related continuity of care. Understanding the views of these clinicians is important to achieving safe, effective and equitable outcomes from medicines. Aim The purpose of this study was to explore the views of general practitioners, nurse prescribers and pharmacist prescribers about their role in managing medicines-related continuity of care. Methods Qualitative, semi-structured in-depth interviews were undertaken with 16 prescribers based in eight North Island (New Zealand) general practices. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically using an inductive approach. Results Three key themes were identified from data analysis: a patient-focused approach; interdisciplinary teamwork; and optimising the medicine regimen. Discussion Prescribers in this study identify the important connection between continuity of care and achieving good outcomes from medicines. Good patient–prescriber relationships and ongoing interdisciplinary relationships across all health settings are considered essential to medicines-related continuity of care. Prescribers experience challenges associated with increasing multimorbidity, medicines complexities and fragmentation of clinical records.
Amazing – The use of English in texting between a
Finland-Swedish high school girl and friends
Authors: Björklund Martina
Published: July 2024

The chapter reports findings from a case study of texting
between a Finland-Swedish girl and three constellations of friends. They
were all more or less fluent at least in Swedish, Finnish, and English. When
texting they mostly used Swedish and English, fluidly combining features
from different languages. From a perspective of heteroglossia and
translanguaging the study investigates the role of English features in four
texting spaces, where the shares of English units vary from 8% to 89%. In
all four texting spaces, English units form the majority of exclamations and
emotive evaluations (51%–97%). Different types and quantities of English
features contributed to the differentiation of language use and boosted
group identity and peer bonding in the three constellations.
Temporality in reaction GIFs as multimodal virtual performatives
Authors: Lindholm Loukia
Published: July 2024

This chapter explores temporality and virtual
performativity in Graphic Interchange Format images (GIFs), short, looping
image sequences that may include text. Previous studies have shown that GIFs
are decontextualized and recontextualized by users to perform embodied
verbal and non-verbal reactions online. However, the temporal aspect of GIFs
has received less attention from an online communication perspective. The
chapter focuses on reaction GIFs as multimodal virtual performatives on a
Tumblr blog featuring humorous political commentary. The analysis examines
the temporal dimension of these performatives and shows how the Tumblr blog
author exploits the temporal malleability of GIFs to anchor them in the
immediate context of their usage.
Ferroelectric Ceramic Materials Enable High-Performance Organic-Inorganic Composite Electrolytes in Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Ma 马 Jing-Yuan 静媛 , Huang 黄 Yu-Li 昱力 , Zhou 周 Han-Jie 晗洁 , Wang 王 Yuan-Yuan 媛媛 , Li 李 Jian-Gang 建刚 , Yu 禹 Xi-Qian 习谦 , Li 李 Hong 泓 , Li 李 Yan 妍
Published: July 2024

Compared to commercial lithium-ion batteries, all-solid-state batteries can greatly increase the energy density, safety, and cycle life of batteries. The development of solid-state electrolyte with high lithium-ion conductivity and wide electrochemical window is the key for all-solid-state batteries. In this work, we report on the achievement of high ionic conductivity in the PAN/LiClO4/BaTiO3 composite solid electrolyte (CSE) prepared by solution casting method. Our experimental results show that the PAN-based composite polymer electrolyte with 5 wt% BaTiO3 possesses a high room-temperature lithium-ion conductivity (9.85 × 10−4 S⋅cm−1), high lithium-ion transfer number (0.63), wide electrochemical window (4.9 V vs Li+/Li). The Li|Li symmetric battery assembled with 5 wt% BaTiO3 can be stably circulated for 800 h at 0.1 mA⋅cm−2, and the LiFePO4|CSE|Li battery maintains a capacity retention of 86.2% after 50 cycles at a rate of 0.3 C. The influence of BaTiO3 ceramic powder on the properties of PAN-based polymer electrolytes is analyzed. Our results provide a new avenue for future research in the all-solid-state lithium battery technology.
Transiently controlled emission from ZnO surface
Authors: Das Tanmay , Vempati Sesha
Published: July 2024

We report on a photon (∼3.08 eV equivalent to 402 nm) controlled optical emission from ZnO (10

1
¯

0). Under below band gap excitation (∼2.33 eV equivalent to ∼532 nm), significant photoluminescence (PL) overlapped with Raman response is observed. The broad PL consists of three bands (629 (A), 690 (B), and 751 (C) nm) attributed to the defects arising due to excess zinc and charged oxygen vacancy. By employing a second excitation source at 402 nm, we demonstrate about 50% reduction in the overall PL. We utilize the doubly positive oxygen vacancy state to control the PL emission while transiently reducing its density.
The invariant measure of a walking droplet in hydrodynamic pilot–wave theory
Authors: Nguyen Hung D , Oza Anand U
Published: July 2024

We study the long time statistics of a walker in a hydrodynamic pilot-wave system, which is a stochastic Langevin dynamics with an external potential and memory kernel. While prior experiments and numerical simulations have indicated that the system may reach a statistically steady state, its long-time behavior has not been studied rigorously. For a broad class of external potentials and pilot-wave forces, we construct the solutions as a dynamics evolving on suitable path spaces. Then, under the assumption that the pilot-wave force is dominated by the potential, we demonstrate that the walker possesses a unique statistical steady state. We conclude by presenting an example of such an invariant measure, as obtained from a numerical simulation of a walker in a harmonic potential.
Kinetic recoupling of dark matter
Authors: Lehmann Benjamin V. , Morrison Logan , Profumo Stefano , Smyth Nolan
Published: July 2024

We study the possibility that dark matter re-enters kinetic equilibrium with a radiation bath after kinetic decoupling, a scenario we dub kinetic recoupling. This naturally occurs, for instance, with certain types of resonantly-enhanced interactions, or as the result of a phase transition. While late kinetic decoupling damps structure on small scales below a cutoff, kinetic recoupling produces more complex changes in the power spectrum that depend on the nature and extent of the recoupling period. We explore the features that kinetic recoupling imprints upon the matter power spectrum, and discuss how such features can be traced to dark matter microphysics with future observations.
Third-order nonlinear wavelength conversion in chalcogenide glass waveguides towards mid-infrared photonics
Authors: Han 韩 Fengbo 锋博 , Gu 顾 Jiaxin 佳新 , Huang 黄 Lu 璐 , Wang 王 Hang 航 , Huang 黄 Yali 雅莉 , Zhou 周 Xuecheng 学成 , Yu 虞 Shaoliang 绍良 , Luo 罗 Zhengqian 正钱 , Dong 董 Zhipeng 志鹏 , Du 杜 Qingyang 清扬
Published: July 2024

The increasing demand in spectroscopy and sensing calls for infrared (mid-IR) light sources. Here, we theoretically investigate nonlinear wavelength conversion of Ge28Sb12Se60 chalcogenide glass waveguide in the mid-IR spectral regime. With waveguide dispersion engineering, we predict generation of over an octave wavelength (2.8 μm–5.9 μm) tuning range Raman soliton self-frequency shift, over 2.5 octaves wavelength cover range supercontinuum (1.2 μm–8.0 μm), as well as single soliton Kerr comb generated in suspended Ge28Sb12Se60 waveguide. Our findings evidenced that Ge28Sb12Se60 chalcogenide glass waveguides can simultaneously satisfy the generation of Raman soliton self-frequency shift, supercontinuum spectrum, and Kerr frequency comb generation through dispersion engineering towards mid-IR on chip.
Optimized numerical density functional theory calculation of rotationally symmetric jellium model systems
Authors: Zhang 张 Guangdi 广迪 , Mao 毛 Li 力 , Xu 徐 Hongxing 红星
Published: July 2024

In real space density functional theory calculations, the effective potential depends on the electron density, requiring self-consistent iterations, and numerous integrals at each step, making the process time-consuming. In our research, we propose an optimization method to expedite density functional theory (DFT) calculations for systems with large aspect ratios, such as metallic nanorods, nanowires, or scanning tunneling microscope tips. This method focuses on employing basis set to expand the electron density, Coulomb potential, and exchange–correlation potential. By precomputing integrals and caching redundant results, this expansion streamlines the integration process, significantly accelerating DFT computations. As a case study, we have applied this optimization to metallic nanorod systems of various radii and lengths, obtaining corresponding ground-state electron densities and potentials.
Separation Schemes and Dynamic Analyses on Parallel Stage Separation of Launch Vehicles
Authors: Xu Yahan , Chen Liang , Song Guolian
Published: July 2024

For launch vehicles with multiple stages, the stage separation is critical, which directly determines the success of the launch mission. In this article, a launch vehicle with a parallel second stage is taken as the research subject. A basic separation scheme including separation force and separation direction is proposed. Then, separation dynamic analyses are performed through ADAMS. The trajectory and attitude during the separation have been obtained. On the one hand, the aerodynamic forces help to increase distance between stages. On the other hand, aerodynamic moments acting on the second stage cause high pitch velocity. Separation procedure can be divided into three different time duration including interference duration, escaping from interference duration and free stream duration. The research conducted in this paper will provide guidance for the design of separation systems of the launch vehicle.
Design and Research on the Refit Scheme for Natural Icing Flight Test of Large Civil Aircraft
Authors: Liu Jia , Zhou Feng , Chen Yingchun , Dong Qiaotian , Kang Yibo
Published: July 2024

The natural icing flight test is an important compliance method for flight in icing conditions defined in CCAR25-R4 Appendix C. It is characterised by high risk, high difficulty, high cost and requires a large number of specialized refits. This article analyses the main refit requirements based on the natural icing flight test verification tasks of large civil aircraft, including cloud combination probe, cameras, painting, ice scales, etc. The refit scheme design includes: using the FENSAP-ICE icing calculation software, designing the installation position and height of the cloud combination probe; The quantity, location, and functional design of cameras; The scope, colour matching, and scale design of painting; The quantity, layout, priority definition, scale, angle, colour matching design of ice scales. The refit scheme designed in this article can provide reference for the natural icing test flight refit of large civil aircraft.
Applied to calibrate the new intelligent bearing of NiCr/NiSi film thermocouple
Authors: Liu Zhihui , Guo Tengda , Cheng Yongjun , Wang Bi , Li Yangsen , Chen Weiyu , Wang Zixi , Ding Wanyu
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this paper is to study the calibration method of new intelligent bearing applied to NiCr/NiSi film thermocouple. Firstly, the basic principle and characteristics of NiCr/NiSi film thermocouple and intelligent bearing are introduced, and then the design and realization process of intelligent bearing are elaborated, including material selection, structural design, manufacturing process and so on. Then, this paper puts forward the calibration method of intelligent bearing, and verifies its effectiveness through experiments. The experimental results show that the Seebeck coefficient of NiCr/NiSi thin film thermocouple new intelligent bearing is 41.00 μV/°C, and the Seebeck coefficient of standard K thermocouple is 41.20 μV/°C. The new intelligent bearing has high sensitivity and stability, and can achieve fast response and accurate measurement. Finally, this paper summarizes the research results, and looks forward to the future research direction.
Aerodynamics performance evaluation for new twist angle design axial fan.
Authors: Sangsawangmatum Thanate
Published: July 2024

Axial fans are the most efficient air handling machines used in various industries. In contrast to centrifugal fans, axial fan blades rotate through the liquid to transfer their kinetic energy. With an inline air flow direction, the geometric design of the axial fan blade is suitable for machines with low system resistance and higher mass flow rates. Diameter ratio (outer diameter / hub diameter) and fan rotating speed are commonly used to determine design parameters and adjust aerodynamic performance. The differential pressure and mass flow rate of the fans can be significantly impacted by the angle of attack of the blade. The purpose of the research is to discover new methods to enhance the aerodynamic performance of the axial fan. The comparison involves comparing the effects of the twist angle while keeping the tip angle constant. In addition to having a uniform angle of attack, it also has various angles of attack from the hub to the tip. By utilizing Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), the three-dimensional velocity and pressure distribution within the control volume will be shown. The numerical solutions for each case are shown along with the velocity vector and pressure distribution.
Ab initio study of gallium-doped zinc oxides and zinc-doped gallium oxides
Authors: Yu Cheng-Lung , Su Jian-Sheng Xie , Hsieh Hsiang-Yu , Liu Po-Liang
Published: July 2024

This study utilizes ab initio methods to investigate the atomic structures of gallium-doped zinc oxides and zinc-doped gallium oxides, focusing on the mechanisms of ZnGa2O4 film formation through doping and substitution. Utilizing X-ray diffraction and bond length assessments, we investigate the interaction between zinc oxide and gallium oxide components. In the case of gallium doping within ZnO, the notable shift of the primary X-ray diffraction peak from 36.10° to 35.45° with an increase in gallium content closely aligns with the ZnGa2O4 peak at 35.50°. Conversely, when the substitution concentration of zinc in Ga2O3 exceeds 37.5%, it is not conducive to the formation of ZnGa2O4. This finding underscores the role of gallium doping in facilitating the development of ZnGa2O4 films, highlighting the nuanced impact of dopant concentration on the structural properties and demonstrating the preferential alignment of gallium-doped ZnO with the desired ZnGa2O4 structure.