bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Funding, Turnover, Sustainability and Digital Technologies: A Multicriteria Research Model for SMEs Facing a Challenging Context
Authors: Del Baldo Mara , Sitnikov Cătălina , Vasilescu Laura , Mandache Lucian , Ogarcă Radu , Băndoi Anca , Ganea Eugen
Published: March 2022

The pandemic crisis has meant a challenge for SMEs and a factor that can change the way of doing business. The current paper analyses the correlations between financial resources, turnover, sustainability, and digital technologies and how these components can be adapted to changes in the economy triggered by the pandemic crisis in the structure of activities carried out by SMEs. Resting on the importance of integrating the innovative, digital component to the activities of SMEs, in close connection with the financial resources component, a multicriteria research model for business has been developed, assessing the correlations between key variables and their influence on European SMEs. In order to fully define the concepts envisaged and to emphasise these correlations, multiple linear regression, clustering techniques, and correlation analysis were used. In the end, the proposed solution provided a common language through which companies can evaluate traditional processes and bring together the research components into business activities.
A Study of Continuous Dependence and Symmetric Properties of Double Diffusive Convection: Forchheimer Model
Authors: Ali Ali , Meften Ghazi , Bazighifan Omar , Iqbal Mehak , Elaskar Sergio , Awrejcewicz Jan
Published: March 2022

In this recent work, the continuous dependence of double diffusive convection was studied theoretically in a porous medium of the Forchheimer model along with a variable viscosity. The analysis depicts that the density of saturating fluid under consideration shows a linear relationship with its concentration and a cubic dependence on the temperature. In this model, the equations for convection fluid motion were examined when viscosity changed with temperature linearly. This problem allowed the possibility of resonance between internal layers in thermal convection. Furthermore, we investigated the continuous dependence of this solution based on the changes in viscosity. Throughout the paper, we found an “a priori estimate” with coefficients that relied only on initial values, boundary data, and the geometry of the problem that demonstrated the continuous dependence of the solution on changes in the viscosity, which also helped us to state the relationship between the continuous dependence of the solution and the changes in viscosity. Moreover, we deduced a convergence result based on the Forchheimer model at the stage when the variable viscosity trends toward a constant value by assuming a couple of solutions to the boundary-initial-value problems and defining a difference solution of variables that satisfy a given boundary-initial-value problem.
Extended Approach to the Asymptotic Behavior and Symmetric Solutions of Advanced Differential Equations
Authors: Bazighifan Omar , Ali Ali Hasan , Mofarreh Fatemah , Raffoul Youssef N.
Published: March 2022

We studied the asymptotic behavior of fourth-order advanced differential equations of the form aυw′′′υβ′+qυgwδυ=0. New results are presented for the oscillatory behavior of these equations in the form of Philos-type and Hille–Nehari oscillation criteria. Some illustrative examples are presented.
Immunorecognition and Neutralization of Crotalus durissus cumanensis Venom by a Commercial Antivenom Produced in Colombia
Authors: Acosta-Peña Augusto , Núñez Vitelbina , Pereañez Jaime Andres , Rey-Suárez Paola
Published: March 2022

In Colombia, on average 2.9% of the nearly 5600 snakebite events that occur annually involve the rattlesnake Crotalus durissus cumanensis. The envenomation by this snake is mainly characterized by neurotoxicity and the main toxin is crotoxin (~64.7% of the total venom). The Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS) produces a polyvalent antivenom aimed at the treatment of bothropic, crotalid, and lachesic envenomations; nonetheless, its immune reactivity profile and neutralizing capacity over biological activities of the C. d. cumanensis venom has been poorly evaluated. In this sense, the study aims: (1) to describe an in-depth exploration of its immunoreactivity through second-generation antivenomics and HPLC fraction-specific ELISA immunoprofiles; and (2) to evaluate the neutralization pattern of the rattlesnake venom in vitro and in vivo biological activities. The results obtained showed a variable recognition of crotoxin subunits, in addition to a molecular mass-dependent immunoreactivity pattern in which the disintegrins were not recognized, and snake venom metalloproteinases and L-amino acid oxidases were the most recognized. Additionally, a high neutralization of proteolytic and coagulant activities was observed, but not over the PLA2 activity. Further, the median effective dose against C. d. cumanensis venom lethality was 962 μL of antivenom per mg of venom. In conclusion, (1) the antivenom recognition over the crotoxin and the disintegrins of the C. d. cumanensis should be improved, thus aiming upcoming efforts for the exploration of new techniques and approaches in antivenom production in Colombia, and (2) the neutralization activity of the antivenom seems to follow the molecular mass-dependent recognition pattern, although other explanations should be explored.
Towards an Acoustic Geometry in Slightly Viscous Fluids
Authors: Pathak Mayank , Majumdar Parthasarathi
Published: March 2022

We explore the behaviour of barotropic and irrotational fluids with a small viscosity under the effect of first-order acoustic perturbations. We discuss, following the extant literature, the difficulties in gleaning an acoustic geometry in the presence of viscosity. In order to obviate various technical encumbrances, when viscosity is present, for an extraction of a possible acoustic geometry, we adopted a method of double perturbations, whereby dynamical quantities such as the velocity field and potential undergo a perturbation both in viscosity and in an external acoustic stimulus. The resulting perturbation equations yield a solution which can be interpreted in terms of a generalised acoustic geometry, over and above the one known for inviscid fluids.
Tidal Quality of the Hot Jupiter WASP-12b
Authors: Efroimsky Michael , Makarov Valeri V.
Published: March 2022

WASP-12b stands out among the planets of its class of hot Jupiters because of the observed fast orbital decay attributed to tidal dissipation. The measured rate of the orbital period change is P⋅orb=−29±3ms/yr= −(9.2±1.0)×10−10s/s. In the literature heretofore, all attempts to explain this high rate were based on the assumption that the orbital evolution is dominated by the tides in the star. Since the modified tidal quality factor in yellow dwarfs is insufficient to warrant such a decay rate, a hypothesis was put forward that the star may actually be a subgiant. Using the latest data from the Gaia mission, we deduce that WASP-12 at 1.36M☼ is an evolving dwarf at an early stage of post-turn-off evolution that has not yet depleted hydrogen in its core. Its unremarkable position in the color-magnitude diagram and the existence of close planets orbiting red giants of similar mass contradict the hypothesis of an abrupt boost of tidal quality due to structural internal changes. On the other hand, the previous research neglected the tidal dissipation in the planet, assuming it to be negligible due to the likely synchronisation of its rotation and a presumed high quality factor. We critically reassess this assumption in the light of recent astrometric results for Jupiter and Saturn. Assuming that the structure of WASP-12b is similar to that of our Jupiter and Saturn, we find that the observed orbital decay is well explained by the tides in the planet. The estimated value of the planet’s modified quality factor coincides almost precisely with that of our Jupiter.
The Broad Host Range Phage vB_CpeS_BG3P Is Able to Inhibit Clostridium perfringens Growth
Authors: Huang Sisi , Tian Yuan , Wang Yongjuan , García Pilar , Liu Banhong , Lu Rui , Wu Liting , Bao Hongduo , Pang Maoda , Zhou Yan , Wang Ran , Zhang Hui
Published: March 2022

Clostridium perfringens is an important pathogen for both humans and animals, causing human foodborne disease and necrotic enteritis in poultry. In the present study, a C. perfringens-specific phage, vB_CpeS_BG3P (designated as BG3P hereafter), was isolated from chicken farm sewage. Both electron microscopy and phylogenetic analysis suggested that phage BG3P is a novel phage belonging to Siphoviridae family. Phage BG3P exhibited a broad host range against different C. perfringens isolates (90.63% of strains were infected). Sequencing of the complete genome revealed a linear double-stranded DNA (43,528 bp) with 28.65% GC content. After sequence analysis, 73 open reading frames (orfs) were predicted, of which only 13 were annotated with known functions. No tRNA and virulence encoding genes were detected. It should be noted that the protein of orf 15 has 97.92% homology to C. perfringens-specific chloramphenicol resistance protein, which has not been reported for any C. perfringens phage. Phylogenetic analysis of the ssDNA binding protein demonstrated that this phage is closely related to C. perfringens phages phiSM101 and phi3626. In considering future use as an antimicrobial agent, some biological characteristics were observed, such as a good pH (3–11) stability and moderate temperature tolerance (<60 °C). Moreover, bacteriophage BG3P showed a good antimicrobial effect against C. perfringens liquid cultures. Thus, phage treatment with MOI ≥ 100 completely inhibited bacterial growth compared to untreated cultures. Although phage BG3P shows good lytic efficiency and broad host range in vitro, future development and application may need to consider removal of the chloramphenicol-like resistance gene or exploring its lysin for future antibacterial applications.
A Pre- and Within-Pandemic Survey of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Saliva Swabs from Stray Cats in Switzerland
Authors: Kuhlmeier Evelyn , Chan Tatjana , Klaus Julia , Pineroli Benita , Geisser Esther , Hofmann-Lehmann Regina , Meli Marina L.
Published: March 2022

Cats have been shown to be highly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2, and transmission within the species has been demonstrated experimentally. In cats undergoing natural SARS-CoV-2 infections, human-to-animal transmission was mostly suspected. It can be postulated that, in stray cats with no or only minimal contact with humans, SARS-CoV-2 may pose a minor risk. The current study investigated the prevalence of active SARS-CoV-2 infections in Swiss stray cats using quantitative reverse transcriptase real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Saliva swabs from 1405 stray cats were collected in 14 Swiss cantons. The animals were sampled between February 2019 and February 2020 (pre-COVID-19 cohort: 523 cats) and between February 2020 and August 2021 (COVID-19 cohort: 882 cats). All the samples were tested by RT-qPCR, amplifying the envelope (E) gene and, in case of positive or inconclusive results, the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene of SARS-CoV-2. No SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA could be detected in any of the tested saliva swab samples. Our findings support the assumption that SARS-CoV-2 infections in stray cats are not highly prevalent in Switzerland. Nevertheless, the monitoring of stray cats and other susceptible animal species is necessary, since the “One Health” approach has been recognized as being essential to successfully fight the COVID-19 pandemic.
Effective Reduction of SARS-CoV-2 RNA Levels Using a Tailor-Made Oligonucleotide-Based RNA Inhibitor
Authors: Nemethova Veronika , Mazancova Petra , Selc Michal , Jakic Kristina , Uhelska Lucia , Nemethova Boglarka , Poturnayova Alexandra , Drgona Lubos , Babelova Andrea , Razga Filip
Published: March 2022

In only two years, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a devastating effect on public health all over the world and caused irreparable economic damage across all countries. Due to the limited therapeutic management of COVID-19 and the lack of tailor-made antiviral agents, finding new methods to combat this viral illness is now a priority. Herein, we report on a specific oligonucleotide-based RNA inhibitor targeting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It displayed remarkable spontaneous cellular uptake, >94% efficiency in reducing RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) RNA levels in transfected lung cell lines, and >98% efficiency in reducing SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels in samples from patients hospitalized with COVID-19 following a single application.
Coocclusion of Helicoverpa armigera Single Nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearSNPV) and Helicoverpa armigera Multiple Nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearMNPV): Pathogenicity and Stability in Homologous and Heterologous Hosts
Authors: Arrizubieta Maite , Simón Oihane , Ricarte-Bermejo Adriana , López-Ferber Miguel , Williams Trevor , Caballero Primitivo
Published: March 2022

Helicoverpa armigera single nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearSNPV) is a virulent pathogen of lepidopterans in the genera Heliothis and Helicoverpa, whereas Helicoverpa armigera multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearSNPV) is a different virus species with a broader host range. This study aimed to examine the consequences of coocclusion of HearSNPV and HearMNPV on the pathogenicity, stability and host range of mixed-virus occlusion bodies (OBs). HearSNPV OBs were approximately 6-fold more pathogenic than HearMNPV OBs, showed faster killing by approximately 13 h, and were approximately 45% more productive in terms of OB production per larva. For coocclusion, H. armigera larvae were first inoculated with HearMNPV OBs and subsequently inoculated with HearSNPV OBs at intervals of 0–72 h after the initial inoculation. When the interval between inoculations was 12–24 h, OBs collected from virus-killed insects were found to comprise 41–57% of HearSNPV genomes, but the prevalence of HearSNPV genomes was greatly reduced (3–4%) at later time points. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis revealed the presence of HearSNPV genomes in a small fraction of multinucleocapsid ODVs representing 0.47–0.88% of the genomes quantified in ODV samples, indicating that both viruses had replicated in coinfected host cells. End-point dilution assays on ODVs from cooccluded mixed-virus OBs confirmed the presence of both viruses in 41.9–55.6% of wells that were predicted to have been infected by a single ODV. A control experiment indicated that this result was unlikely to be due to the adhesion of HearSNPV ODVs to HearMNPV ODVs or accidental contamination during ODV band extraction. Therefore, the disparity between the qPCR and end-point dilution estimates of the prevalence of mixed-virus ODVs likely reflected virus-specific differences in replication efficiency in cell culture and the higher infectivity of pseudotyped ODVs that were produced in coinfected parental cells. Bioassays on H. armigera, Spodoptera frugiperda and Mamestra brassicae larvae revealed that mixed-virus OBs were capable of infecting heterologous hosts, but relative potency values largely reflected the proportion of HearMNPV present in each mixed-virus preparation. The cooccluded mixtures were unstable in serial passage; HearSNPV rapidly dominated during passage in H. armigera whereas HearMNPV rapidly dominated during passage in the heterologous hosts. We conclude that mixed-virus coocclusion technology may be useful for producing precise mixtures of viruses with host range properties suitable for the control of complexes of lepidopteran pests in particular crops, although this requires validation by field testing.
Evaluation of Original and Enzyme-Modified Fique Fibers as an Azo Dye Biosorbent Material
Authors: Muñoz-Blandón Oscar , Ramírez-Carmona Margarita , Cuartas-Uribe Beatriz , Mendoza-Roca José Antonio
Published: March 2022

As natural fibers, low-cost biosorbents have proven to be an effective and clean tool to remove textile dyes from wastewater. In this research, the Reactive Black 5 removal ability of original and enzyme-modified natural fibers were assessed. A fiber extracted from a Colombian fique plant (Furcraea sp.) was employed. The effects of fique fiber protonation with different solvents and dye solution pH on RB5 removal were evaluated. The biosorbent chemical composition was modified using the commercial enzymes pectinase, ligninase, and xylanase. The point of zero charge (PZC) of the original and modified material was measured, and the dye removal capacity of the three enzyme-modified fibers was determined. Fiber protonation with 0.1 M HCl and a dye solution with pH of 2.4 increased the RB5 elimination to 49.1%. The change in the fiber chemical composition led to a reduction in the PZC from 5.5 to a 4.7–4.9 range. Pectinase-pretreated fique fibers presented the highest dye removal of 66.29%, representing a 36% increase in RB5 dye removal. Although the original fique fiber showed RB5 dye removal ability, its enzymatic modification changed the charge distribution on the fiber surface, improving the capture of dye molecules. Enzyme modification can be applied to obtain new functionalities for plant fibers as biosorbent materials.
Construction of Novel Electro-Fenton Systems by Magnetically Decorating Zero-Valent Iron onto RuO2-IrO2/Ti Electrode for Highly Efficient Pharmaceutical Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Deng Miao , Wu Keming , Yang Tao , Yu Deyou , Liu Gaojie , Gong Shuai , Sun Dongni , Petru Michal
Published: March 2022

The Electro-Fenton (E-Fenton) technique has shown great potential in wastewater treatment, while the sustainable and continuing supply of Fe2+ remains challenging. Herein, we demonstrate the construction of a novel E-Fenton system by magnetically decorating zero-valent iron (ZVI) onto a RuO2-IrO2/Ti (ZVI-RuO2-IrO2/Ti) electrode for high-efficient treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater, which is considerably refractory and harmful to conventional biological processes. By using ZVI as a durable source of Fe(II) irons, 78.69% of COD and 76.40% of TOC may be rapidly removed by the developed ZVI-RuO2-IrO2/Ti electrode, while the ZVI-RuO2-IrO2/Ti electrode using ZVI only reduces 35.64% of COD under optimized conditions at initial COD and TOC values of 5500 mg/L and 4300 mg/L, respectively. Moreover, the increase in BOD5/COD from 0.21 to 0.52 highlights the enhanced biodegradability of the treated effluent. The analysis of a simultaneously formed precipitation on electrodes suggests that the coagulation process dominated by Fe3+/Fe2+ also plays a non-negligible role in pharmaceutical wastewater treatment. In addition, the monitoring of the evolution of nitrogen elements and the formation of by-products in the E-Fenton process verifies its great capacity toward those organic pollutants found in pharmaceutical wastewater. Our study offers a practical solution for enhancing the performance of E-Fenton systems, and effectively treating refractory pharmaceutical wastewater.
A Comprehensive View of the ASM1 Dynamic Model: Study on a Practical Case
Authors: Costa Carlos
Published: March 2022

The ASM1 model was elaborated by the IWA Task Group for Mathematical Modelling, with the aim of explaining and predicting the output values of organic matter concentration in activated sludge processes, especially for domestic wastewaters. In recent years, ASM1 has been completed with new components and extended to other biological processes, including biological membrane reactors, activated carbon filters, and microalgae bioreactors. In this article, the essentials of this model are studied by outlining the original topics that were formulated in the model, and by using a practical example of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), which can clarify the application of the ASM1. A protocol of approximation between the dynamic model and the experimental data for the COD effluent concentration is presented, based on three steps of tuning and fine tuning, and the corrected values of the kinetic parameters YH and μH,max are calculated in accordance with the minimum error. In the simulation procedure, the baseline and dynamism are controlled, comparing them to the experimental data line, and the values obtained for the kinetic parameters are YH = 0.60 and μH,max = 0.40 d−1. The kinetic parameters reflect the activity of the mixed community of microorganisms in the WWTP.
Enhancing Real-Time Prediction of Effluent Water Quality of Wastewater Treatment Plant Based on Improved Feedforward Neural Network Coupled with Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Xie Yifan , Chen Yongqi , Lian Qing , Yin Hailong , Peng Jian , Sheng Meng , Wang Yimeng
Published: March 2022

To provide real-time prediction of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent water quality, a machine learning (ML) model was developed by combining an improved feedforward neural network (IFFNN) with an optimization algorithm. Data used as input variables of the IFFNN included hourly influent water quality parameters, influent flow rate and WWTP process monitoring and operational parameters. Additionally, input variables included historical effluent water quality parameters for future prediction. The model was demonstrated in a WWTP in Jiangsu Province, China, where prediction of effluent chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total nitrogen (TN) with large variations were tested. Relative to the traditional feedforward neural network (FFNN) model without considering historical effluent water quality parameter input, the IFFNN enhanced prediction performance by 52.3% (COD) and 72.6% (TN) based on the mean absolute percentage errors of test datasets, after its model structure was optimized with a genetic algorithm (GA). The problem of over-fitting could also be overcome through the use of the IFFNN, with the determination of coefficient increased from 0.20 to 0.76 for test datasets of effluent COD. The GA-IFFNN model, which was efficient in capturing complex non-linear relationships and extrapolation, could be a useful tool for real-time direction of regulatory changes in WWTP operations.
Cross-Evaluation of Soil Moisture Based on the Triple Collocation Method and a Preliminary Application of Quality Control for Station Observations in China
Authors: Xiong Wentao , Tang Guoqiang , Shen Yan
Published: March 2022

Soil moisture (SM) measurements from ground stations are often after quality control (QC) in the operational system, but the QC flags may not be reliable in some cases when precipitation events or manual watering happen. This study applies the triple collocation (TC) method to conduct a cross-evaluation of SM data from ERA5 reanalysis estimates, ESA-CCI estimates, and ~2000 ground stations across the China domain. The results show that all datasets can capture the spatial pattern of SM in China. TC-based correlation coefficient (CC) and root mean square error (RMSE) show that the station data have worse performance in western and central China. For most stations, TC-based CC is between 0.6~0.9, and TC-based RMSE is between 0.01~0.06 m3/m3. In addition, TC-based metrics show good agreement with the CC between precipitation and SM, indicating that these metrics can reflect the quality of station data. We further selected typical stations (e.g., CC ≤ 0.2, RMSE ≥ 0.06 m3/m3) to check the quality of the QC procedure. The comparison shows that TC-based metrics can better represent the actual quality for these stations compared to raw QC flags. This study indicates that TC has the potential to detect problematic stations and could be a supplement to traditional QC of station observations.
Lockdown’s influence on the development of entrepreneurship in the Novosibirsk region
Authors: Matern N. .. , Pershina E. ..
Published: March 2022

The problem of doing business in the context of the corona virus pandemic in the Russian Federation is more urgent than ever. The authors address a number of issues, in particular, that small business suffers greatly from the imposed restrictions and the current situation, and private offers of services on popular Internet platforms are increasing. The purpose of this work was to prove the impact of the pandemic on small businesses, as well as to identify parameters of the non-systemic crisis and justify Russia’s ability to overcome the current situation. To prove the issues raised, a statistical analysis was conducted of the growth of service offerings on Internet platforms, which led to a number of conclusions about the strong impact of the pandemic on small businesses and the negligible impact on individuals offering their services. The scientific novelty of this work is to prove the need to concentrate the state’s efforts on supporting small business, and tight control of Internet platforms on which various services are offered.
Manufacturing industry of European countries. May Europe be considered the assembly shop of Russia?
Authors: Arefyev P. ..
Published: March 2022

The article deals in detail with the problem of determining the place of Russia in the global value chain based on the study of manufacturing industries. The author analyzes in detail the effectiveness of Russia’s integration into the GVC, based on the study of the industry structure and comparison of export volumes. Based on the latter, we can say that the goods of manufacturing industries are in the leading positions in Russia’s total exports for 2019. However, it is necessary to keep in mind the risks associated with the political aspect of economic integration. Another obstacle is the problem of competitiveness, which slows down Russia’s integration into the world market. Despite this, predicting the growth of economic indicators, we can conclude that the Russian manufacturing industry has broad prospects for development.
Analysis of factors affecting value of company shares energy industry
Authors: Gubina A. .. , Atazhanova L. .. , Sagitova N. .. , Rakhmatullina Yu. .. , Farkhieva S. ..
Published: March 2022

This article examines the factors influencing the change in stock prices of companies in the energy industry on the example of the largest company PJSC RusHydro, which are both subjective and objective. Subjective factors were grouped according to the greatest influence on the change in the studied indicators. The analysis of objective factors is based on the correlation between them and securities quotes. The research aims to predict the stock price three steps ahead using a trend model. As a result of the analysis, conclusions were drawn about the qualitative and quantitative relationship and dependence of indicators, as well as about the activities of the energy holding in the modern period.
Organization of an effective system financial control of financial transactions on the legalization (laundering) of income, obtained by criminal means
Authors: Dendiberya M. ..
Published: March 2022

This article deals with the problem of financial transactions related to the legalization (laundering) of proceeds from crime. The analysis of the main features of the manifestation of these operations is carried out, their classification is carried out. The models and methods of assessing the risks of money laundering based on a systematic approach to the analysis of financial flows of an organization are proposed. In order to confirm the practical approbation, an analysis of the activities of an organization that carried out financial transactions for the legalization (laundering) of proceeds from crime was carried out.
Shadow processes in the labor market as a source of threats to the country's economic security
Authors: Oblaukhova M. .. , Anofrikov S. ..
Published: March 2022

The article deals with shadow processes in the labor market, which are a source of threats to the economic security of the country. It is proved that they: reduce the efficiency of the use of labor potential and increase the shortage of labor resources in the economic system; participate in the formation of threats to the financial security of the country; are a factor that increases the risks of legalization of proceeds from crime; contribute to the criminalization of the economy; make it difficult to identify threats to the economic security of the country that arise in the sphere of labor and employment. It is concluded that improving the level of economic security of the country is impossible without measures to reduce the spread of informal employment, hidden wages, illegal migration. Also, in order to effectively identify and neutralize threats to the economic security of the country, it seems appropriate to expand the list of indicators of the sphere of labor and employment used in assessing the level of economic security of the country.
Theoretical aspects of the choice and implementation of the model of socio-economic policy of the state
Authors: Khamalinskaya V. . , Khamalinsky I. .
Published: March 2022

The functioning of the modern state is associated with the implementation of socio-economic policy, the content of which is determined by a large number of factors. One of the fundamental factors determining the content of the socio-economic policy of the state is the theoretical basis. The purpose of the study is to determine the theoretical foundations of the development, selection and implementation of options for the socio-economic policy of the state. The article discusses the theoretical aspects that determine the content of the process of choosing and implementing the socio-economic policy of the state. A brief historical analysis of the formation of socio-economic policy models is carried out. Special attention is paid to the stages of choosing a model of socio-economic policy of the state.
Financing a complex plan for the modernization and expansion of the main infrastructure (in terms of railway transport): evolution, intermediate results, implementation problems
Authors: Egorov Yu. .
Published: March 2022

This article shows the evolution of the financing of the Comprehensive Plan for the Modernization and Expansion of the Mainline Infrastructure in terms of rail Transport in 2019 - the first half of 2021; the results of the implementation of this part of the plan in 2019-2020 were also evaluated, the problems of its implementation were systematized and one of the possible approaches to solving these problems was proposed - a comprehensive reform of the current system of freight rail tariffs based on the concept of digital freight rail tariff.
Bird remains from the Starčevo and Lengyel culture settlements of the site Alsónyék-Bátaszék (South-western Hungary)
Authors: Gál Erika , Biller Anna Zsófia , Nyerges Éva Ágnes , Osztás Anett
Published: March 2022

Articolul de față prezintă studiul primelor colecții de oase de pasăre atribuite culturilor Starčevo (neolitic timpuriu) și Lengyel (neolitic târziu) din Ungaria. Abundența resturilor de pasăre provenind din situl neolitic timpuriu de la Alsónyék-Bátaszék în sud-vestul Ungariei, și a speciilor de apă identificate aici, se potrivește imaginii tipice a așezărilor de tip Körös din estul țării, indicând exploatarea frecventă a resurselor acvatice prin vânătoarea de păsări, pescuit și cules. Acvila de munte (Aquila chrysaetos) a fost acum identificată pentru prima dată în avifauna neolitică din Ungaria. Prezența sa atât în nivelurile Starčevo cât și Lengyel sugerează că pe durata mileniilor VI-V î. Hr. aceste păsări își făceau cuibul în munții Mecsek sau Villány. Interesul pentru vânătoarea păsărilor pare să fi intrat în declin pe durata neoliticului târziu, așa cum o indică atât scăderea în cantitate a resturilor zoo-arheologice, cât și diminuarea diversității speciilor. Cu toate acestea, aripile, penele și oasele unor păsări de pradă diurne, precum și ale bufnițelor par să fi fost selectate atât ca materie primă și ornamente, cât și pentru scopuri rituale pe durata culturii Lengyel.
SARS-CoV-2 and probable lung cancer risk
Authors: Khiali Sajad , Rezagholizadeh Afra , Entezari-Maleki Taher
Published: March 2022

The pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a global crisis with a growing number of mortalities and morbidities worldwide. Despite performing numerous researches, there are still considerable unrevealed details regarding the long-term complications and post-infection immunity of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Based on pathophysiological features, SARS-CoV-2 may act similarly as an oncovirus in the lung. This letter summarized three possible oncogenic mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 that may be associated with lung cancer development.
Designing multi-epitope based peptide vaccine candidates against SARS-CoV-2 using immunoinformatics approach
Authors: Ysrafil Ysrafil , Sapiun Zulfiayu , Astuti Indwiani , Anasiru Mohammad Anas , Slamet Nangsih Sulastri , Hartati Hartati , Husain Fadli , Damiti Sukmawati Ahmad
Published: March 2022

Introduction: The current incidence of the novel coronavirus disease has shown only small reductions of cases and has become a major public health challenge. Development of effective vaccines against the virus is still being encouraged such as multi-epitope vaccines designed from the components of SARS-CoV-2 including its spike, nucleocapsid and ORF1a proteins. Since the addition of adjuvants including HABA protein and L7/L12 ribosomal are considered helpful to increase the effectiveness of the designed vaccine, we proposed to design multiepitope vaccines by two different adjuvants. Methods: We used the IEDB server to predict BCL and TCL epitopes that were characterized using online tools including VaxiJen, AllPred and IL-10 Prediction. The selected epitopes were further constructed into multiepitope vaccines. We also added two different adjuvants to the vaccine components in order to increase the effectiveness of the vaccines. The 3D-structured vaccines were built using trRosetta. They were further docked with different Toll-like-receptors (TLR 3, 4 and 8) and the entry receptor of SARS-CoV-2, ACE2 using ClusPro, PatchDock and refined by FireDock. All structures were visualized by USCF Chimera and PyMOL. Results: In this study, we succeeded in designing two different candidate vaccines by the addition of HABA protein and L7/L12 ribosomal as adjuvants. The two vaccines were almost equally good in terms of their physicochemical properties and characteristics. Likewise, their strong interactions with TLR3 4, 8 and ACE2 show the lowest energy level of both was estimated at more than -1,000. Interactions of vaccines with ACE2 and TLRs are essential for activation of immune responses and production of antibodies. Conclusion: The two designed and constructed multiepitope vaccine have good characteristics and may have the potential to activate humoral and cellular immune responses against SARS-CoV-2. Further research is worth considering to confirm the findings of this study.
Differentiation and molecular characterization of endothelial progenitor and vascular smooth muscle cells from induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Dastouri Mohammadreza , Ozdag Hilal , Akar Ahmet Ruchan , Can Alp
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Pluripotent stem cells have been used by various researchers to differentiate and characterize endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) for the clinical treatment of vascular injuries. Studies continue to differentiate and characterize the cells with higher vascularization potential and low risk of malignant transformation to the recipient. Unlike previous studies, this research aimed to differentiate induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells into endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and VSMCs using a step-wise technique. This was achieved by elucidating the spatio-temporal expressions of the stage-specific genes and proteins during the differentiation process. The presence of highly expressed oncogenes in iPS cells was also investigated during the differentiation period. Methods: Induced PS cells were differentiated into lateral mesoderm cells (Flk1+). The Flk1+ populations were isolated on day 5.5 of the mesodermal differentiation period. Flk1+ cells were further differentiated into EPCs and VSMCs using VEGF165 and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), respectively, and then characterized using gene expression levels, immunocytochemistry (ICC), and western blot (WB) methods. During the differentiation steps, the expression levels of the marker genes and proto-oncogenic Myc and Klf4 genes were simultaneously studied. Results: The optimal time for the isolation of Flk1+ cells was on day 5.5. EPCs and VSMCs were differentiated from Flk1+ cells and characterized with EPC-specific markers, including Kdr, Pecam1, CD133, Cdh5, Efnb2, Vcam1; and VSMC-specific markers, including Acta2, Cnn1, Des, and Myh11. Differentiated cells were validated based on their temporal gene expressions, protein synthesis, and localization at certain time points. Significant decreases in Myc and Klf4 gene expression levels were observed during the EPCs and VSMC differentiation period. Conclusion: EPCs and VSMCs were successfully differentiated from iPS cells and characterized by gene expression levels, ICC, and WB. We observed significant decreases in oncogene expression levels in the differentiated EPCs and VSMCs. In terms of safety, the described methodology provided a better safety margin. EPCs and VSMC obtained using this method may be good candidates for transplantation and vascular regeneration.
Successful emergency transcatheter aortic valve replacement in the setting of hemodynamically unstable prosthetic aortic valve stenosis
Authors: Ishaq Muhammad , Khan Muhammad Shoaib , Shahbaz Amir , Vedre Jayanth G , Yarkoni Alon , Malovrh Rhianna , Mesa Juan
Published: March 2022

FDA approved transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) for the treatment of symptomatic aortic valve (AV) stenosis. Recent evidence reveals that TAVR is the treatment of choice in most patients with AV stenosis who are at high risk for surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). Per AHA guidelines, repeat valve replacement has been recommended for bio-prosthetic AV stenosis. Urgent TAVR for hemodynamically unstable patients with prosthetic AV stenosis is not supported by significant scientific data. However, there have been a few cases reported on emergency TAVR procedures in hemodynamically unstable patients with severe native AV stenosis. We are reporting a unique case of successful emergency TAVR in a hemodynamically unstable patient, who had severe symptomatic bio-prosthetic AV stenosis at the time of presentation.
Thrombotic complication in non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients: An underestimated phenomenon?
Authors: Palmieri Francesco , Magnoli Matteo , Calabrese Francesco , D’Ovidio Angelo , Mondino Vincenzo , Zonta Sandro
Published: March 2022

Thrombotic complications are quite frequent during severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, especially during severe disease and in hospitalized patients. The incidence of thrombotic complications in mild disease is not clear and probably few cases have been identified. We reported a case of a 60-year-old man with no previous history admitted to our unit for splenic infarct and a floating clot into the descending aorta without signs of severe disease. Several mechanisms to clarify prothrombotic state have been described. However, the exact prevalence of thromboembolic phenomenon is probably underestimated. There is no consensus about the treatment and the indications for preventing these complications in non-hospitalized patients. Thrombotic events should be suspected also in healthy patients with symptoms suggestive for coronavirus disease infection but without severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Further analysis should be performed to stratify the risk in nonhospitalized patients and the indications for prophylactic treatment.
Neuroglial activity in the focus of ischemic stroke
Authors: Kalinichenko S. G. , Korobtsov A. V. , Matveeva N. Yu. , Matveev Yu. A.
Published: March 2022

Objective: To study the dynamics of morphochemical modifications in glial cells of rat neocortex under the conditions of experimental stroke, induced by means of constant occlusion of the middle brain artery.

Methods: We studied the immunolocalisation of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Iba-1 and S-100 in the rat parietal cortex during the constant occlusion of middle brain artery.

Results: Astrocytes, expressing GFAP and S-100, are found in the penumbra area and define its borders. In the later stages of stroke, the density of astrocytes increases on the border of the stroke focus and decreases around penumbra, which leads to immunoreactive perifocal zone boarders shifting and its significant narrowing. The reversion of immunoreactivity during the early and late stages of stroke was observed. The reversion was defined by decrease in S-100-expression in astrocytes and expression presence in pyramidal neurons on the 1-3 day of ischemia in the stroke focus. The reverse tendency toward localization changes of GDNF from neurons to astrocytes was detected in penumbra on 8-21 day. Iba-1-reactive microglia at the stroke’s core shows the sings of activated macrophages - increase in the cells’ size, reduction in quantity and branching. Iba-1-reactive microglia concentrates in the stroke focus, reaching its highest point on the 8 day and corresponds to decreasing spatial density of astrocytes in the penumbra area.

Conclusions. Specificity of the morphochemical alteration of glial cells closely interacts with the condition of neurons in the stroke focus, points to the penumbra borders and connected with the balance of various protective and neurodestructive processes.
Respiratory and muscular dysfunction of the respiratory muscles and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: pathophysiological relationships and clinical significance
Authors: Geltser B. I. , Kotelnikov V. N. , Kozhanov A. G.
Published: March 2022

The review presents literature data on the problem of respiratory muscle (RM) dysfunction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The main features of their pathophysiological interactions and clinical practice values were observed. Both local and systemic factors of the pathogenesis of COPD are important in the development of RM dysfunction. Local factors are associated with lung remodeling and the need of RM to overcome excessive breathing resistance, which increases the intensity of their work, and contributes to the development of hypertrophy and insufficiency. Chronic systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, excessive proteolysis and other systemic manifestations of COPD change the metabolism, structural and functional organization of RM. The severity of morpho-functional disorders and metabolic status of RM depends on the gravity of COPD and emerges on the early stages as myocytes’ hypertrophy, their increasing capillarization and the increasing of mitochondrion density. At late stages it appears as diffuse replacement of muscle fibers by connective tissue. Low nutritional status, increasing protein-energy deficiency, electrolyte imbalance, endocrine disorders on the background of progressive respiratory insufficiency and tissue hypoxia contribute to the development of RM weakness. The combination of COPD, acute disorders of cerebral circulation and chronic heart failure sharply worsens the function of RM and the prognosis of comorbid diseases. Also, the dysfunction of RM in patients having COPD is significantly aggravated at the age of senility. The review discusses the possibilities of pharmacological correction of RM dysfunction and other clinical aspects of this problem.
Disorders of Sex Development: New Concepts of Diagnostics and Management in Children
Authors: Солнцева А.В.
Published: March 2022

Нормальное половое развитие зависит от взаимодействия активирующих и подавляющих факторов в конкретном пространственно-временном паттерне. Нарушения формирования пола (НФП) включают в себя гетерогенную группу врожденных состояний, связанных с атипичным развитием внутренних и наружных половых органов. Они могут быть ассоциированы с изменениями в генах, программировании дифференцировки пола и гормонального статуса. НФП можно разделить на несколько групп, включая хромосомные, гонадные и анатомические аномалии. Генетические инструменты, такие как анализ микрочипов и методы секвенирования следующего поколения, позволили выявить новые генетические варианты среди детей с НФП. Ведение пациента с НФП должно быть индивидуализированным, особенно при решении вопросов, связанных с половым воспитанием, хирургической коррекцией, гормональным лечением и возможностью сохранения фертильности.

Normal sex development depends on the precise space-time sequence and coordination of mutually antagonistic activating and repressing factors. Disorders of sex development include a heterogenous group of congenital conditions associated with atypical development of internal and external genitalia. These conditions can be associated with variations in genes, developmental programming, and hormones. Disorders of sex development can be classified into several groups, including chromosomal, gonadal, and anatomic abnormalities. Genetic tools such as microarray analyses and next-generation sequencing techniques let to identify new genetic variants among children with disorders of sex development. Patient management needs to be individualized, especially in decisions related to sex education, surgical interventions, hormone treatment, and potential for fertility preservation.
Extracholecystostomic Endobiliary Correction of the Papilla Vatery Stricture: A Case Report
Authors: Орловский Ю.Н. , Салмин И.М. , Сазонов М.В. , Кутько А.П. , Пушков И.Е. , Глыздов А.П.
Published: March 2022

В статье описывается клиническое наблюдение пациента с доброкачественной стриктурой большого дуоденального сосочка. Показаны трудности выбора лечебной тактики у данного пациента, а также продемонстрирована эффективность комбинированного малоинвазивного лечения с использованием антеградной чрезхолецистостомической эндобилиарной и ретроградной эндоскопической коррекции стриктуры большого дуоденального сосочка (методика Rendezvoux).Данная патология развивается наиболее часто при холангиолитиазе, рецидивирующих холангитах, хроническом панкреатите. Существуют различные варианты изолированных малоинвазивных вмешательств (эндоскопические, антеградные под УЗ- и рентген-контролем), а также комплексные, которые объединяют антеградные чреспеченочные и ретроградные эндоскопические.Комплексным вмешательствам на сегодняшний день отдается предпочтение при неэффективности изолированных манипуляций, а также при сложном холангиолитиазе, выраженной деформации двенадцатиперстной кишки, рубцовом процессе в зоне папиллы, хирургических вмешательствах с измененной анатомией панкреатодуоденобилиарной зоны. Эта методика хорошо себя зарекомендовала, ее эффективность достигает 85–100%, при этом частота осложнений составляет 3–10%, а летальность – менее 1%.

The article describes a case report of a patient with a benign stricture of the papilla Vatery. The difficulties in choosing the treatment tactics in this patient are shown, and the effectiveness of combined minimally invasive treatment with the use of antegrade transcholecystostomy endobiliary and retrograde endoscopic correction of the stricture of the papilla Vatery (Rendezvoux technique) is demonstrated.This pathology develops most often with cholangiolithiasis, recurrent cholangitis, chronic pancreatitis. There are various options for isolated low-invasive interventions (endoscopic, antegrade under ultrasound and X-ray control), as well as complex ones that combine antegrade transhepatic and retrograde endoscopic.Today, complex interventions are preferred in cases of ineffectiveness of isolated manipulations, as well as in complex cholangiolithiasis, pronounced deformity of the duodenum, cicatricial process in the papilla zone, surgical interventions with altered anatomy of the pancreatoduodenobiliary zone. This technique has proven itself well and its effectiveness reaches 85–100%, while the complication rate is 3–10%, and the mortality rate is less than 1%.