bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rancang Bangun Purwarupa Sistem Deteksi Tingkat Kematangan Buah Jeruk Berdasarkan Warna Kulitnya
Authors: Tamam Muhammad Taufiq , Taufiq Arif Johar , Dwiono Wakhyu
Published: January 2021

The process of selecting the level of maturity of an orange fruit can be done electronically, using a color sensor that will detect the color of the orange peel. Orange fruits will be grouped into two levels of maturity, namely unripe/raw and ripe. By using image processing techniques, the image of orange fruit to be selected is searched for components R (Red), G (Green), and B (Blue). If an average RGB value of less than 100 is categorized as mature and if more than 100 is categorized as immature/raw. The test results show that this system can work well as planned.
Rancang Bangun Alat Spot Welding Menggunakan Transformator Oven Microwave Dengan Kendali Dimmer
Authors: Aziz Burhanul , Winarso Winarso , Kusuma Hardani Dian Nova
Published: January 2021

Las titik salah satu metode penyambungan menggunakan cara pengelasan resistansi listrik dimana dua atau lebih lembaran logam dijepit di antara kedua elektroda yang diberi tekanan. Hampir semua jenis logam tipis dapat dilas menggunakan las titik (spot welding). Las titik sangat dibutuhkan bagi industri rumah tangga, akan tetapi harga las yang mahal dan daya las yang besar mengakibatkan las titik kurang efisien untuk industri kecil. Oleh sebab itu, las titik dengan daya kecil dan rancang bangun yang mudah dibawa sangatlah dibutuhkan. Proses perancangan las titik dilakukan dengan tahapan yaitu perencanan, penjelasan fungsi komponen, dan pengujian daya listrik yang digunakan. Transformator yang digunakan adalah Microwave Oven Transformer (MOT) yang dirubah kumparanya dengan daya 900 Watt, dilengkapi dengan modul dimmer sebagai kendalinya. Pengujian dilakukan pada transformator untuk mengetahui nilai daya masukanya (P input) yaitu sebesar 644 W, nilai daya keluaranya (P output) sebesar 126,94 W, dan efisiensi transformator sebesar 19,71 %, sedangkan nilai rugi-rugi daya berupa rugi inti sebesar 133 W dan rugi tembaga 123W. Selain itu alat las titik mampu digunakan untuk mengelas pada plat dengan ketebalan kurang dari 1 mm. Faktor yang mempengaruhi hasil pengelasan yaitu besarnya arus, ketebalan media dan durasi saat pengelasan. Semakin besar nilai arus maka semakin besar efek dari pengelasan.
KAJIAN TENTANG BUDAYA ORGANISASI DAN EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA HOTEL MARBELLA ANYER
Authors: Nafiudin Nafiudin
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh budaya organisasi dan employee engagement terhadap kinerja karyawan.            Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah departmen engineering sebanyak 30 responden. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah metode sampel jenuh. Data yang dikumpukan merupakan daa primer. Teknik analisis data adalah uji instrument,uji asumsi klasik Metode statistik yang digunakan adalah Uji Validitas, Uji Reliabilitas, Uji Normalitas, Uji Multikolinearitas, Uji Heteroskedastisitas, Analisis Regresi Linear Berganda, Koefisien Determinasi, dengan pengujian hipotesis uji statistik t dan uji f. Alat analisis yang digunakan untuk menganalisis adalah SPSS 24.            Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah (1) budaya organisasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan. (2) keterikata karyawan  berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan. (3) budaya organisasi dan keterikatan karyawan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan. Dengan nilai  koefisien determinasi sebesar 42%.Kata kunci: kinerja karyawan, budaya organisasi dan keterikatan karyawan
Pendampingan Keterampilan Berkomunikasi Public Speaking dalam Mendukung Pemasaran Produk UMKM Desa Gedawang Banyumanik Semarang
Authors: Kurdaningsih Dian Marhaeni , Anwar Choiril
Published: January 2021

Desa Gedawang Banyumanik Semarang memiliki banyak potensi. Di saat usaha melimpah mereka memanen hasil bumi akan tetapi sebagian dari mereka mendirikan usaha berbasis UMKM (Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah) dari berbagai sektor. Peluang ini menciptakan masyarakat berinisiatif membangun usaha home industry. Tantangan para pengusaha home industry ini memproduksi produknya berdasarkan banyak sedikitnya pesanan. Mereka belum memanfaatkan media promosi sebagai sarana pemasaran. Beberapa alasan yang muncul diantaranya adalah karena belum dikuasainya teknologi informasi. Kegiatan ini bertujuan memberikan pemahaman dan keterampilan berkomunikasi berupa public speaking kepada warga Gedawang dalam upaya peningkatan standar mutu dan kesejahteraan UMKM mereka. Pendampingan dilakukan dalam bentuk pelatihan public speaking dan pendampingan pelaksanaan pemasaran dengan mengandalkan keterampilan public speaking hingga mampu memasarkan secara mandiri. Pendampingan juga dilakukan dalam bentuk mencarikan relasi atau channel pemasaran agar produk-produk UMKM ini dikenal di masyarakat luas. Dari hasil pelaksanaan kegiatan pendampingan ini diharapkan warga dapat melakukan presentasi, wawancara atau menyampaikan laporan yang lebih baik setelah mengikuti kegiatan ini.Gedawang Village Banyumanik Semarang has a lot of potential. When the business is abundant they harvest agricultural products, but some of them establish SMEs (Small and Medium Enterprises) from various sectors. This opportunity creates the community to take the initiative to build a home industry business. The challenge for home industry entrepreneurs is to produce their products based on the number of orders. They have not used promotional media as a marketing tool. Some of the reasons that arise include the lack of mastery of information technology. This activity aims to provide understanding and communication skills in the form of public speaking to Gedawang residents in an effort to improve quality standards and the welfare of their SMEs. Assistance is carried out in the form of public speaking training and mentoring in marketing implementation by relying on public speaking skills to be able to market independently. Assistance is also carried out in the form of finding relationships or marketing channels so that SMEs products are known to the wider community. From the results of the implementation of this assistance activity, it is hoped that residents can make presentations, interviews or submit better reports after participating in this activity.
Foundation Failures Mitigation under Expansive Clay by Using Granular Pile Anchor System
Authors:   Research Center for Soft Soil,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, MALAYSIA, Sfoog Ehab Hamad , Lim Meng Siang Alvin John ,   Research Center for Soft Soil,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, MALAYSIA, Naji Nahla ,   Department of international Relation Office, Universiti of Fallujah, Anbar, IRAQ, Yi Sim Sy ,   Faculty of Engineering Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Pagoh Campus, 86400 Muar, Johor, MALAYSIA, Anak Guntor Nickholas Anting ,   Faculty of Civil Engineering and Built Environment   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, MALAYSIA
Published: January 2021

Expansive soils are found in typical areas in the world especially in arid and semi-arid regions. The problems associated with this type of soil drive geotechnical engineers to invent new technologies as remediation’s such as physical and chemical treatments. Innovative foundation techniques were also suggested for remedying the swell-shrink problems of the expansive soil. The granular pile anchor (GPA) is relatively a more favorable technique indebted to its cost-effective, easy and fast to assemble and most importantly was found to be more efficient in remedying the expansive soil. Despite the extensive studies on the expansive soil remedies, yet the granular pile anchor system requires more comprehensive and in-depth investigations. This study is aimed at developing a model with granular piles of various length and diameter extended to the stable zone to investigate the heave and uplift pressure in the expansive soil. For this purpose, experimental and numerical analysis were conducted in a small and in a full scale model respectively. A significant improvement was attained in heave reduction and an increment of uplift capacity. The findings also show that heave decreased significantly when the length and diameter of the GPA increases while the uplift capacity increased. However, it was noted that the extension of length to the stable zone resulted in insignificant changes. Therefore, it can be concluded that the maximum length of 6 m is the ideal length for GPA with different diameters according to foundations design requirement for this particular type of soil.
Potential Use of Ultra High-Performance Fibre-Reinforced Concrete as a Repair Material for Fire-Damaged Concrete in Terms of Bond Strength
Authors:   School of Civil Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, MALAYSIA, Baharuddin Nur Khaida , Mohamed Nazri Fadzli ,   Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jln IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, MALAYSIA, Abu Bakar Badorul Hisham ,   School of Civil Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, MALAYSIA, Beddu Salmia ,   Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jln IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, MALAYSIA, A. Tayeh Bassam ,   Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering The Islamic University of Gaza, P.O Box 108, Rimal St, Gaza City, PALESTINE
Published: January 2021

The strength of concrete structures deteriorates after exposure to fire. Strength loss varies with elevated temperature, fire duration, and the mechanical properties of concrete. Repairing and strengthening affected structures are important to improve their performances. Fire-damaged concrete has been repaired using fiber-reinforcing polymer. The superior properties of ultrahigh performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) make it suitable as a repair material. Furthermore, an excellent repair material should be able to bond properly with the substrate and maintain its structural integrity. The aim of this paper is to review the potential use of UHPFRRC as a repair material for fire-damaged concrete in terms of bond strength. Previous studies showed that developing efficient rehabilitation techniques that enable fire-damaged structures to be restored has some challenges. Whether UHPFRC can be used as a repair material particularly for fire-damaged concrete structure is recommended to be proven in future studies.
The Effect of Dry Mix Sodium Hydroxide onto Workability and Compressive Strength of Geopolymer Paste
Authors:   Faculty of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja, 86400, Johor, MALAYSIA, Mohd Ali A. Z. , Jalaluddin N. A. ,   Faculty of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja, 86400, Johor, MALAYSIA, Zulkiflee N. ,   Faculty of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja, 86400, Johor, MALAYSIA
Published: January 2021

The production of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) consumes considerable amount of natural resources, energy and at the same time contribute in high emission of CO2 to the atmosphere. A new material replacing cement as binder called geopolymer is alkali-activated concrete which are made from fly ash, sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The alkaline solution mixed with fly ash producing alternative binder to OPC binder in concrete named geopolymer paste. In the process, NaOH was fully dissolved in water and cooled to room temperature. This study aims to eliminate this process by using NaOH in solid form together with fly ash before sodium silicate liquid and water poured into the mixture. The amount of NaOH solids were based on 10M concentration. The workability test is in accordance to ASTM C230. Fifty cubic mm of the geopolymer paste were prepared which consists of fly ash to alkaline solution ratio of 1: 0.5 and the curing regime of 80℃ for 24 hours with 100% humidity were implemented. From laboratory test, the workability of dry method geopolymer paste were decreased. The compressive strength of the dry mix of NaOH showed 55% and the workability has dropped to 58.4%, it showed strength reduction compared to the wet mix method.
Traditional Knowledge and Usage of Edible Plants amongTemuan Community in Gunung Ledang Johor National Park, Malaysia
Authors:   Department of Technology and Natural Resources, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology,  Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Kampus Pagoh, KM 1, Jalan Panchor, 84000 Muar, Johor, MALAYSIA, Ahmad Nor Adila , Sabran Siti Fatimah ,   Department of Technology and Natural Resources, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology,  Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Kampus Pagoh, KM 1, Jalan Panchor, 84000 Muar, Johor, MALAYSIA, Mazlun Muhamad Harith ,   Department of Technology and Natural Resources, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology,  Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Kampus Pagoh, KM 1, Jalan Panchor, 84000 Muar, Johor, MALAYSIA, Abu Bakar Mohd Fadzelly ,   Department of Technology and Natural Resources, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology,  Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Kampus Pagoh, KM 1, Jalan Panchor, 84000 Muar, Johor, MALAYSIA, Kormin Faridah ,   Department of Technology and Natural Resources, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology,  Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Kampus Pagoh, KM 1, Jalan Panchor, 84000 Muar, Johor, MALAYSIA, Mohamad Fuz Siti Fatimah Zaharah ,   Department of Technology and Natural Resources, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology,  Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Kampus Pagoh, KM 1, Jalan Panchor, 84000 Muar, Johor, MALAYSIA
Published: January 2021

Edible plants are important for their nutrient values as part of human diet and as food resources that are essential in times of food shortage. Due to the lower utilization of edible plants, loss of traditional knowledge and food security issues have caused the urgent need to document and safeguard the edibles knowledge especially among indigenous people. The objectives of this study were to document edible plant species used by Temuans in Gunung Ledang Johor National Park and to determine the relative value of different edible plants usage, and cultural importance. The data were collected through a semi-structured interview and free listing technique that were applied to all 85 informants from Tanah Gembur village. Frequency Citation (FC), Utilization of Frequency(f), Cultural Importance Index (CI), and Cultural Food Significance Index (CFSI) were used to evaluate the relative importance of the different edible plants. A total of 43 edible plant species belonging to 22 families and 33 genera were recorded in the study. Based on the result, Manihot esculenta Crantz scored the highest FC and CFSI while Carica papayahad the highest CI value. These crucial knowledges suggest a potential approach toward conserving the vast traditional knowledge from Temuan community.
RUS’-POLISH RELATIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF DANYLO AND VASYLKO ROMANOVICHES’ STRUGGLE FOR THE FATHER’S HERITAGE (1205–1245)
Authors:   D. I. Bagalij Center of Ukrainian Studies V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, CHUGUJ Taras
Published: January 2021

Background: the issue of the study of Rus’-Polish relations in the context of the struggle of Danylo and Vasylko Romanoviches for the paternal heritage is important at the present stage of the development of the historical research. Interstate relations between Rus’ and Poland in the first half of the 13th century need extensive analysis for finding out their peculiarities. Purpose: to objectively cover the peculiarities of the international relations of Rus’ and Poland during the Romanoviches’ struggle for the paternal inheritance in 1205–1245. For this it is necessary to consider topical issues of the Rus’-Polish relations, to analyze the discussion aspects of the policy of the Polish princes concerning the Volyn and Galicia lands, to determine the peculiarities of the interstate relations of Rus’, Poland, Hungary and the Golden Horde. Results: Rus’-Polish relations of the times of Danylo and Vasylko Romanoviches’ struggle for paternal heritage were complicated. Chronologically there are several periods: the first – 1205–1227, the second – 1227–1235, and the third – 1235–1245. If during the first period the political dependence of the young Danylo and Vasylko on the experienced Leshko Bilyi was observed, then after the death of prince of Little Poland, during the second period, the Romanoviches became allies of Conrad I. When the prince of Mazovia decided to support Mikhailo Vsevolodovich in the fight for Galych the third period began. The alternation of peaceful, hostile and allied relations between the rulers of Rus’ and Poland is common to all the three periods. The difference is that there was a change in the political priorities of the Polish princes depending on the changes in the position of Danylo and Vasylko. The victory of the Romanoviches in the Yaroslav battle in 1245 was a logical finish of the forty-years struggle of Roman Mstislavoviches’ sons for their father’s inheritance. Key words: Rus’-Polish relations, Volyn land, Galych land, Danylo Romanovich, Vasylko Romanovich, Leshko Bilyi, Konrad I Mazowiecki.
PANSLAVISM IN MODERN RUSSIA: ACADEMIC AND POLITICAL DIMENSION (based on M. Danilevsky's ideological heritage)
Authors:   Ukrainian Catholic University, KOVALCHUK Natalia
Published: January 2021

Abstract Background: While international tensions increase and Russia's relations with the US and the European Union are worsening as a result of the annexation of Crimea and military intervention in Eastern Ukraine, the presence of Panslavic ideas in the Kremlin's propaganda arsenal becomes more and more visible. Russian politicians, scholars, and conservative public figures often voice the central thesis of Panslavism about the difference and the eternal confrontation between Russia and the West and explain the nature of actual conflicts in the light of this thesis. Purpose: To analyze the contemporary manifestations of Panslavism in the academic, educational and political circles of the Russian Federation by examining the current role of the intellectual heritage of Nikolai Danilevsky, a Russian scientist and conservative philosopher, author of the well-known book “Russia and Europe.” Results: The material presented in the article testifies that Panslavism continues to function in various cultural and political contexts, including undergoing a new rise in Russia in the XX-beginning of the XXI centuries. Slavic motives today are not only present in artistic or academic narratives – as the contemporary appeal to Danilevsky's ideas shows, but they are also periodically instrumentalized for political purposes. In the imagined world of Russian Panslavism, Russia looks stronger than the Western powers, capable of becoming a center of attraction for Slavic neighbors. Radical Russian nationalism borrowed the agenda of the Panslavists of the second half of the XIX century with a view to restoring lost influence in Central and Southeastern Europe. Key words: Panslavism, Russian imperialism, M. Danilevsky, “Russia and Europe”.
Polusi Udara
Authors: Rafsanjani Ahmad Irawan
Published: January 2021

Polusi udara atau juga dikenal dengan pencemaran udara adalah sebuah kondisi keadaan udara sudah buruk dan bisa berdampak negatif terhadap makhluk hidup jika jumlahnya berada pada titik yang membahayakan. Dalam hal ini, polusi udara bisa berdampak pada kesehatan manusia, tumbuhan, dan juga hewan. Selain itu, pencemaran pada udara juga menimbulkan dampak bahaya lain, karena dapat mengganggu kesehatan dan juga mengganggu kenyamanan lingkungan. Penyebab terbesar pencemaran udara menurut saya disebabkan oleh kendaraan bermotor, polusi udara sendiri memiliki penyebab yang sangat beragam, sebenarnya tergantung lokasi pencemaran udara tersebut terjadi. Di Indonesia sendiri khususnya menurut saya pencemaran udara mayoritas penyebab terbesarnya karena kendaraan bermotor.
5 and 25: A reflection of my early career as a researcher
Authors: Ho Tung Manh
Published: January 2021

In this essay, I reflect on my four years as a researcher.
What are some Taoist influences in Vietnamese culture?
Authors: AISDL
Published: January 2021

A bit of history first, Taoism is the result of the union between the folk religions of northern China and the folk religions of southern China. Taoism is partly a philosophy of life and partly a belief. Taoism was first introduced to Vietnam during the first Chinese domination period.
cv
Authors: ragab mostafa gamal mostafa
Published: January 2021

Certain owners wish to permanently relinquish those rights to a Work for the purpose of contributing to a commons of creative, cultural and scientific works ("Commons") that the public can reliably and without fear of later claims of infringement build upon, modify, incorporate in other works, reuse and redistribute as freely as possible in any form whatsoever and for any purposes, including without limitation commercial purposes. These owners may contribute to the Commons to promote the ideal of a free culture and the further production of creative, cultural and scientific works, or to gain reputation or greater distribution for their Work in part through the use and efforts of others.
KEKURANGAN ENERGI KRONIK (KEK) PADA WANITA USIA SUBUR DAN WANITA HAMIL
Authors: Idham Rismawanty
Published: January 2021

luanKekurangan Energi Kronik (KEK) adalah salah satu keadaan malnutrisi. Dimana keadaan ibu menderita kekurangan makanan yang berlangsung menahun (kronik) yang mengakibatkan timbulnya gangguan kesehatan pada ibu secara relatif atau absolut satu atau lebih zat gizi
Kondisi Mental Mahasiswa Baru Menjalani Perkuliahan Online Pada Masa Pandemi
Authors: Rianti Dini
Published: January 2021

Menjalani perkuliahan di tengah pandemi Covid-19 dapat menyebabkan pengaruh terhadap kesehatan mental mahasiswa baru yang masih berada dalam tahap adaptasi selepas menjalani pendidikan dari sekolah menengah menuju perguruan tinggi. Penguasaan teknologi menjadi tuntutan yang harus dipenuhi dalam menjalani pembelajaran online selain itu mahasiswa juga dituntut untuk dapat lebih aktif dan kreatif dalam menjalani perkuliahan secara online namun semua itu tidak lepas dari berbagai masalah dan kendala yang harus dihadapi dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran serta berpengaruh terhadap kesehatan mental. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya pengaruh yang signifikan antara perkuliahan online dan pengaruhnya terhadap kondisi mental mahasiswa baru serta untuk mengetahui apa saja permasalahan yang dihadapi dalam menjalani perkuliahan online ditengah pandemi.
The effects of repetition on belief in naturalistic settings
Authors: Fazio Lisa , Pillai Raunak , Patel Deep
Published: January 2021

In our modern well-connected world, false information spreads quickly and is often repeated multiple times. From laboratory studies, we know that this repetition can be harmful as repetition increases belief. However, it is unclear how repetition affects belief in real-world settings. Here we examine a larger number of repetitions (16), more realistic timing of the repetitions (across two weeks), and more naturalistic exposures (text messages). 435 US participants recruited from mTurk were texted true and false trivia statements across 15 days before rating the accuracy of each statement. Statements were seen either 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 times. We find clear evidence that repetition increases belief. Initial repetitions produced the largest increase in perceived truth, but belief continued to increase with additional repetitions. We introduce a simple computational model suggesting that current accounts are insufficient to explain this observed pattern and that additional theoretical assumptions (e.g., that initial repetitions are more strongly encoded) are required. Practically, the results imply that repeated exposure to false information during daily life can increase belief in that misinformation.
An Interactionist Perspective on the Development of Coordinated Social Attention
Authors: Hoehl Stefanie , Bertenthal Bennett I.
Published: January 2021

Infants’ ability to coordinate their attention with other people develops profoundly across the first year of life. Mainly based on experimental research focusing on infants’ behavior under highly controlled conditions, developmental milestones were identified and explained in the past by prominent theories in terms of the onset of specific cognitive skills. In contrast to this approach, recent longitudinal research challenges this perspective with findings suggesting that social attention develops continuously with a gradual refinement of skills. Informed by these findings, we argue for an interactionist and dynamical systems view that bases observable advances in infant social attention skills on increasingly fine-tuned mutual adjustments in the caregiver infant dyad, resulting in gradually improving mutual prediction. We present evidence for this view from recent studies leveraging new technologies which afford the opportunity to dynamically track social interactions in real-time. These new technically-sophisticated studies offer unprecedented insights into the dynamic processes of infant-caregiver social attention. It is now possible to track in much greater detail fluctuations over time with regard to object-directed attention as well as social attention and how these processes relate to one another. Encouraged by these initial results and new insights from this interactionist developmental social neuroscience approach, we conclude with a ‘call to action’ in which we advocate for more ecologically valid paradigms for studying social attention as a dynamic and bi-directional process.
Peers for the Fearless: Social norms facilitate preventive behaviour if individuals perceive low COVID-19 health risks
Authors: Kittel Bernhard , Kalleitner Fabian , Schiestl David W.
Published: January 2021

A strategy frequently adopted to contain the COVID-19 pandemic involves three non-pharmaceutical interventions that depend on high levels of compliance in society: maintaining physical distance from others, minimizing social contacts, and wearing a face mask. These measures require substantial changes in established practices of social interaction, raising the question of which factors motivate individuals to comply with these preventive behaviours. Using Austrian panel survey data from April 2020 to April 2021, we show that perceived health risks, social norms, and trust in political institutions stimulate people to engage in preventive behaviour. A moderation analysis shows that the effectiveness of social norms in facilitating preventive behaviour increases when people's perceptions of health risks decrease. No such moderation effect is observed for trust in political institutions. These results suggest that strong social norms play a crucial role in achieving high rates of preventive behaviour, especially when perceived levels of health risks are low.
Testing of bio-rational and synthetic pesticides to manage cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae L.) in cabbage field at Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
Authors: Nyaupane Sushil , Tiwari Sundar , Thapa Resham Bahadur , Jaishi Sita
Published: January 2021

Cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae L.) is an important pest of cabbage which reduces the yield and quality of the cabbage head. Farmers haven been using chemical pesticides to manage them but unfortunately these practices are toxic for human health, biodiversity and the environment. The study was conducted to test the efficacy of different bio-rational insecticides along with the chemical insecticide. ‘Green Coronet’ cabbage variety was used and the field experiment was laid out in the experimental farm of Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU), Rampur, Chitwan during the winter season of 2014.  The Experiment was designed in randomized complete block design with having 7 treatments (bio-rational insecticides with chemical and control)  and 3 replications. Plot size was 5.76 m2 (2.4m×2.4m) and spacing of 1 m was maintained between each blocks and plots. Field experiment showed that the highest reduction of cabbage aphid was obtained in Dimethoate (30 EC) treated plot followed by Derisom treated plot. The highest yield of cabbage head was obtained in Dimethoate treated plots (66.47 mt/ha) which was significantly at par with the Derisom (58.79 mt/ ha) treated plots. The yield for other treated plots were 47.60 mt/ha for Margosom, 43.77 mt/ha for Verticillium, 41.63 mt/ ha for Cow urine, 36.77 mt/ ha for Spinosad and control (33.45 mt/ ha) in terms of cabbage head yield. And, at the same time, natural enemies’ population was significantly lower to Dimethoate treated plots compared to bio-rational insecticides. Thus, Derisom (Derris based botanical) might be the best viable alternative in eco-friendly management of cabbage aphid considering cabbage head yield and protection of natural enemies. It was also evident from the research that Margosom (Neem based botanical) was found beneficial not only to conserve natural enemies in the cabbage field but also to minimize cabbage aphid population.
Asian elephants and their status in Nepal: a review
Authors: Shrestha Sami , Shrestha Jiban
Published: January 2021

Wild Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) are one of the most endangered wildlife species in Nepal. Currently, there are approximately 200 to 250 wild elephants counted in Nepal. Of  them, 15-20 are in Jhapa district, 17 are in KoshiTappu Wildlife Reserve, eight in Sindhuli, and 45-50 in Parsa National Park andChitwan National Park. More  than 100 elephants are in Bardiya National Parks and adjoining municipalities, and 25-30 are in Suklaphanta National Park and adjoining municipalities.Elephant conservation is challenged by habitat fragmentation, obstruction of migratory routes and human-elephant conflict. The governments of Nepal, law enforcement, NGOs, and local communities have made various initiatives to conserve elephants. In the paper, we have outlined the current status of the elephant population, and its conservative efforts. This study may be a useful tool for the scientific communities and ecologists to protect elephants from extinction.
Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo) decline by dieback disease, root pathogens and their management: a review
Authors: Shah Kabita Kumari , Tiwari Injila , Modi Bindu , Pandey Hari Prasad , Subedi Sudeep , Shrestha Jiban
Published: January 2021

Shisham or sissoo (Dalbergia sissoo) is an important multipurpose tree with great economic importance, but this tree has been infected by various root pathogens. This review article shows the works conducted on root pathogens and die back disease of Shisham and their management. Around seventy-one endophytic fungus has been found in sissoo trees in Nepal. Several fungi, including, Fusarium solani, F. oxysporum, Ganoderma lucidum, Phellinus gilvus, Polypours gilvus, Rhizoctonia solani, Polyporus spongiosum, etc. cause sissoo diseases. Ganoderma Lucidum and F. Solani are two main pathogenic agents in Shisham, all of which causes root rot and vascular wilt diseases, and are the causes for the large-scale death of this tree species. Root rot ganoderma is wide spread in both natural and plant-based forests. Older trees in Shisham are usually attacked by these pathogens and cause large-scale death. However, when sissoo is grown as a re-forested pure plant without the removal of the stumps or root of the initial plant, a serious problem of root rot can develop. Field sanitation and proper management of field are necessary to control the fungal diseases of Shisham. Another deleterious disease of  Shisham is dieback disease, where sissoo plantations have been confirmed to this disease when the infected trees begin to get dry from the top. There is no suitable solution for control of dieback of Shisham. There is a need of developing resistant varieties and to improve the quality of seed. This review may be useful tool for Forest Pathologists and other persons who are working in forestry and natural conservation sectors.
The efficiency of the tax system and areas for improvement
Authors:   Uman national university of horticulture, Bechko P. К. , Bechko V.Р. , Lysa N. V. , Shumylo T. V.
Published: January 2021

Market conditions, deepening of European integration processes have significantly affected the functioning of the national economy and the current tax system. The main source of state revenue are taxes, which form the budgets of all levels. At the same time, the numerous reforms of the tax system are ineffective due to imperfect tax legislation and inefficient mechanisms of administration of taxes and fees. economic objects of all organizational and legal forms of the national economy. In recent decades, there has been an increased interest of scientists in solving problems of building a domestic effective model of the tax system. First of all, this is due to the fact that the development of the tax system provides a strategic direction of development of the country, contributes to the effectiveness of innovation and investment model of economic growth of the national economy. one of the important prerequisites for improving the economic situation in the country, as taxes are used by the state not only for fiscal purposes, but also serve as the main lever of economic development. The purpose of the study is to highlight current issues and areas of improvement of the tax system of Ukraine in terms of its effectiveness, able to ensure fair taxation. Important importance is attached to the effective use of transfer pricing mechanisms — an algorithm of actions of the State Tax Service to improve control over transfer pricing has been developed and approved. Given this, the tax burden on taxpayers is significantly reduced by fiscal authorities spending less time on the administration of taxes and fees. Analyzing the above, we can conclude that today the problem of reforming the tax system of Ukraine in order to fill the budgets of all levels with taxes and fees. Adherence to the principle of fairness in taxation is important. In today's reality, the largest share of taxes is paid by the final consumer in the administration of indirect taxes in particular: value added tax and excise tax. Requires a review of the base and rates of collection of resource taxes and payments. The shadow sector of the economy occupies a prominent place in the structure of GDP. The application of tax minimization schemes has a negative impact on the national economy. In view of this, tax evasion schemes should be minimized at the state level.
The impact of degradation processes on the monetary evaluation of agricultural land
Authors: Chumachenko О. , Kryvoviaz E.
Published: January 2021

Land is an indispensable part of human habitat. In contrast to other modes of production, which wear out during use, lose their useful properties and remove themselves from productive use, natural productive capacity of land is not diminished, but it even increases on the condition of its sustainable use. Consequently, theoretically, it can be considered that land is a lifelong mean of production. Inappropriate land use causes its degradation, reduction of agricultural ground productivity, it means reduction of land price . Agricultural land degradation in Ukraine is quite significant — total area of agricultural land that has destructive impact of water erosion is 13,3 million hectares (32 %), including 10,6 million hectares of arable land. There are 4,5 million hectares with medium — and strongly washed soils within the eroded soil, and 68 hectares completely lost soil horizon. More than 6 million hectares of land systematically suffer of wind erosion. The purpose of the article is to outline the approach to assess the impact of agricultural land degradation on their monetary evaluation, and to measure the loss of land tax, caused by deterioration of land resources as a result of degradation. The following methods were used in solving the tasks: monographic (in the development of scientific publications on environmental and economic principles of land use and protection, regulations on land use, statistical collections); mathematical modeling, economic analysis, determination of relative values, averages, grouping (in the study of factors that cause degradation of land resources). An assessment of the impact of agricultural land degradation on the normative assessment of land and on the land tax was made. The study has demonstrated, that degradation of agricultural land causes significant social-economic damage — reduction of normative monetary evaluation 2,3 times, and annual loss of land tax at the level of 464,5 billion UAH. These indicators make the widespread introduction of measures to combat land degradation and, above all, soil erosion very relevant.
Fairness of taxation in modern economic theory
Authors:   Uman national university of horticulture, Nepochtenko O. , Bechko P. , Ptashnyk S. , Nagornaya J.
Published: January 2021

The article deals with the basic principles of the taxation system ˗ the principle of the efficiency of taxation. Tax simplification (the principle of efficiency) is a principle according to which any tax system strives to develop, since it helps to reduce tax evasion and, accordingly, increases the administrative efficiency of taxation. The financial policy of the state, in modern conditions, is mainly based on a clear system of financial levers and incentives, among which the main ones are taxes, fees, other obligatory payments of business entities, households, individuals, and other categories of payers to the budget and trust funds. The formation and functioning of an effective tax system, throughout the entire period of its existence, remains at the heart of the research of scientists and practitioners. For the functioning of the modern tax system, the issues of fairness of taxation in modern economic theory remain relevant, it is an important component of building an optimal tax system. They require a more detailed study of the issue of the very process of development of taxation and a theoretical substantiation of the mechanism of formation of the tax system. Summing up the above, it can be noted that the principle of efficiency today, as a rule, is not used either in theory or in practice. We can observe some of the ideas of this principle in the principles of economy, fairness, economic feasibility, and the like. But it should also be noted that the essence expressed in these principles does not quite correspond to the primary ideas of the principle of tax efficiency, expresses the priority of the taxpayer's rights. Efficiency of administration assumes that the procedure of tax collection should be as simple as possible for payers of taxes, fees and other obligatory payments. Taxes should be designed in such a way that while giving income to the state, they do not negatively affect the economy and society. Taxation should be convenient for the taxpayer; taxes should be collected in the cheapest way. It should also be noted the issue of the effectiveness of tax law, largely determined by the flexibility of the tax policy of the state. This is expressed in the change of already established legal norms, if they do not correspond to the socio-economic conditions of their application.
FROUDE NUMBER VARIANCE WITH RESPECT TO THE HYDRODYNAMIC RESPONSE OF A NON-STATIC VEHICLE AT A LOW-LYING FLOODED ROADWAY
Authors: Shah Syed Muzzamil Hussain , Mustaffa Zahiraniza , Khahro Shabir Hussain , Yusof Khamaruzaman Wan , Ab Ghani Aminuddin , Al-qadami Ebrahim Hamid Hussein , Teo Fang Yenn
Published: January 2021

In terms of stability, the response of static cars in floodwaters has been widely investigated. However, the hydrodynamics of a non-static vehicle exposed to such events are less explored. Herein the study ponders the assessment of the hydrodynamic forces experienced by a non-static vehicle attempting to cross a low-lying flooded street. With that regards, a Perodua Viva was modeled (1:10) and tested in the Hydraulics Laboratory under partial submergence and sub-critical flows, fulfilling the similarity laws. Since the Froude number could best analyze the flow conditions, the behavior of the hydrodynamic forces and the Froude number have been the focus of this investigation. From the study of outcomes, an inverse relation of the Froude number with respect to the buoyancy force, along with positive trends relating to drag, frictional, and rolling resistance, were noticed.
ABSTRAK: Dari segi kestabilan, tindak balas kereta statik dalam air banjir telah banyak dikaji. Walau bagaimanapun, hidrodinamik kenderaan tidak statik yang terdedah kepada kejadian seperti itu kurang diterokai. Kajian ini menilai daya hidrodinamik kenderaan tidak statik yang cuba melintas jalan raya yang banjir. Sehubungan itu, sebuah Perodua Viva dimodelkan (1:10) dan diuji dalam Makmal Hidraulik di bawah perendaman separa dan didedahkan kepada aliran sub-kritikal, seperti ketika kejadian. Manakala nombor Froude adalah terbaik dalam menganalisa keadaan aliran air. Oleh itu, tindak balas daya hidrodinamik dan nombor Froude menjadi fokus penyelidikan ini. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan kaitan terbalik nombor Froude pada daya apungan, sedangkan tren positif yang berkaitan dengan daya tarik, geseran dan rintangan guling diperhatikan.
IMPROVED CONSTRAINT HANDLING APPROACH FOR PREDICTIVE FUNCTIONAL CONTROL USING AN IMPLIED CLOSED-LOOP PREDICTION
Authors: Abdullah Muhammad , Rossiter John Anthony , Abdul Ghaffar Alia Farhana
Published: January 2021

Predictive Functional Control is a simple alternative to the traditional PID controller which has the capability to handle process constraints more systematically. Nevertheless, the most basic form of PFC has suffered from ill-posed prediction due to its simplicity in formulation and assumption of constant future input dynamics. Although some constraints can be satisfied, nevertheless the performance may be very conservative due to this issue. The main objective of this paper is to improve the constrained performance of a PFC controller with a minimum modification of the existing formulation. Specifically, a novel constraint handling approach for PFC is proposed based on an implied closed-loop prediction. Instead of assuming a constant input as deployed in the conventional open-loop prediction, the implied closed-loop input dynamics are utilised to detect future constraint violations. In addition, a future perturbation is introduced into the prediction structure as an extra degree of freedom for satisfying the constraints. Two simulation results confirm that the proposed approach gives far less conservative constraint handling and thus better control performance compared to the nominal PFC. Furthermore, this novel implementation also alleviates the well-known tuning difficulties and prediction inconsistency issues that are associated with conventional PFC when handling constraints.
ABSTRAK: Kawalan Kefungsian Ramalan adalah alternatif mudah kepada kawalan tradisional PID yang mempunyai kekangan keupayaan bagi mengawal proses secara lebih tersusun. Namun, keadaan paling asas pada kesan PFC adalah daripada ramalan tak teraju-rapi yang disebabkan oleh formula ringkas dan anggapan dinamik input yang sama bagi masa depan. Walau kekangan ini dapat diatasi, namun prestasi akan berubah secara konservatif disebabkan oleh isu ini. Objektif utama kajian ini adalah bagi membaiki kekangan prestasi kawalan PFC dengan modifikasi minimum formula yang ada. Secara spesifik, pendekatan nobel kawalan PFC dicadangkan berdasarkan ramalan lingkaran-tertutup. Selain anggapan input tetap seperti yang dilakukan pada ramalan lingkaran-terbuka yang konservatif, dinamik input yang dibuat pada lingkaran-tertutup telah digunakan bagi mengesan kekangan masa depan yang bertentangan. Tambahan, gangguan yang bakal berlaku pada masa depan telah diperkenalkan ke dalam struktur ramalan sebagai tambahan darjah pada kebebasan bagi mengatasi kekangan. Dua dapatan simulasi kajian menyetujui pendekatan yang dicadangkan dan menyebabkan sangat kurang kekangan pengendalian pada sistem konservatif, oleh itu kawalan yang lebih bagus pada prestasi  berbanding pada PFC nominal. Selain itu, pendekatan nobel ini juga menghilangkan kesukaran pelarasan yang dikenali ramai dan ramalan isu tidak konsisten yang terdapat pada PFC konvensional apabila mengendali kekangan.
DURABILITY OF HYGRO-IMMERSION AGED CELLULOSE FIBRE REINFORCED POLYMER LAYERED SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES
Authors: Kowshik C. S. Suhas , Mohan Nanjangud , Naik Nithesh , Shettar Manjunath , Bhat Ritesh , Rohatgi Shivaksh
Published: January 2021

This study aims at investigating the effect of water ageing on the durability of cellulose fibre reinforced polymer layered silicate nanocomposite. The material used comprises cellulose fibres from pinewood as reinforcement and high-density polyethene (HDPE) coupled with nanoclay as matrix phase. The prepared material is subjected to tap water ageing for 21 days. The durability is quantified by Barcol hardness for the material and measured at an interval period of 7 days. The obtained results indicate a reduction of hardness by 5.24, 13.17, and 16.60% in 7, 14, and 21 days aged nanocomposites. Besides, the one-way ANOVA test shows that the immersion time for the composite has a significant effect on the durability of the material with an R2 value of 99.96% tested at 95% confidence interval. The concluding remarks are validated using the results obtained for thickness swelling using the Fourier analysis. The work also presents a regression equation with high degree of accuracy, capable of estimating the Barcol hardness value for a given immersion time.
ABSTRAK: Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kesan penuaan air terhadap ketahanan nanokomposit silikat berlapis polimer bertetulang serat selulosa. Bahan yang digunakan terdiri daripada serat selulosa dari kayu pina sebagai tetulang dan polietena berketumpatan tinggi (HDPE) ditambah dengan nanoclay sebagai fasa matriks. Bahan yang disediakan mengalami penuaan air paip selama 21 hari. Ketahanan diukur dengan kekerasan bahan Barcol dan diukur pada selang waktu 7 hari. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan penurunan kekerasan sebanyak 4.74, 8.88 dan 18.90% dalam nanokomposit usia 7, 14 dan 21 hari. Selain itu, analisis satu arah ujian varians menunjukkan bahawa masa rendaman komposit mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap ketahanan bahan dengan nilai R2 99.96% yang diuji pada selang keyakinan 95%. Ucapan penutup disahkan menggunakan hasil yang diperoleh untuk pembengkakan ketebalan menggunakan analisis Fourier. Karya ini juga menyajikan persamaan regresi dengan tahap ketepatan yang tinggi, yang dapat menganggarkan nilai kekerasan Barcol untuk masa rendaman tertentu.