bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic single‐cell sequencing unveils the tumor microenvironment evolution of gastric cancer abdominal wall metastases during radiotherapy
Authors: Mao Qianqian , Wu Zhenzhen , Lai Yonghong , Wang Ling , Zhao Qiongzhi , Xu Xi , Lu Xiansheng , Qiu Wenjun , Zhang Zhihua , Wu Jiani , Wang Gaofeng , Zhou Rui , Wu Jianhua , Sun Huiying , Huang Na , Huang Xiatong , Jiang Luyang , Fang Yiran , Kong Yuyun , Liang Li , Bin Jianping , Liao Yulin , Shi Min , Liao Wangjun , Zeng Dongqiang
Published: September 2024

Although the combination of immunotherapy and radiotherapy (RT) for the treatment of malignant tumors has shown rapid development, the insight of how RT remodels the tumor microenvironment to prime antitumor immunity involves a complex interplay of cell types and signaling pathways, much of which remains to be elucidated. Four tumor samples were collected from the same abdominal wall metastasis site of the patient with gastric cancer at baseline and during fractionated RT for single‐cell RNA and T‐cell receptor sequencing. The Seurat analysis pipeline and immune receptor analysis were used to characterize the gastric cancer metastasis ecosystem and investigated its dynamic changes of cell proportion, cell functional profiles and cell‐to‐cell communication during RT. Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent staining and bulk RNA sequencing were applied to validate the key results. We found tumor cells upregulated immune checkpoint genes in response to RT. The infiltration and clonal expansion of T lymphocytes declined within tumors undergoing irradiation. Moreover, RT led to the accumulation of proinflammatory macrophages and natural killer T cells with enhanced cytotoxic gene expression signature. In addition, subclusters of dendritic cells and endothelial cells showed decrease in the expression of antigen present features in post‐RT samples. More ECM component secreted by myofibroblasts during RT. These findings indicate that RT induced the dynamics of the immune response that should be taken into consideration when designing and clinically implementing innovative multimodal cancer treatment regimens of different RT and immunotherapy approaches.
Parent emotional support alters the association between parent–child interbrain synchrony and interaction quality
Authors: Xu Jianjie , Liu Sihan , Zhu Yuhao , Hale Molly E. , Wang Qiandong , Wang Xinni , Gao Mengyu Miranda , Wang Hui , Suveg Cynthia , Han Zhuo Rachel
Published: September 2024

Using functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) hyperscanning methodology, this study investigated whether parent emotional support moderated the relation between parent–child interbrain synchrony and interaction quality (via behavioral observation and child‐report), controlling for individual emotional distress. Eighty‐eight parent–child dyads (96.6% Han ethnicity), including a school‐age child between the ages of 6 and 11 (Mage = 8.07 years, SD = 1.16 years; 58.0% boys) and their parent (Mage = 39.03 years, SD = 3.54 years; 69.3% mothers), participated in a cooperative task during which brain activity was assessed. Cluster‐based permutations indicated parent–child interbrain synchrony in the left and right temporoparietal junction (TPJ). Interbrain synchrony in the left TPJ positively related to parent–child interaction quality in the context of high parent emotional support, whereas the association was weaker and negative when parents demonstrated low emotional support. Findings suggest the emotional context of an interaction is critical when assessing interbrain synchrony.
Socioeconomic Inequality in the Head and Neck Cancer Referral System: Redressing the Balance
Authors: Tengku Sabrina , FitzGerald Aislinn , Lim Alison E. , Montgomery Jenny
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Socioeconomic deprivation is a known risk factor for head and neck cancer (HNC). Despite this, there is no current way to acknowledge this in two‐week wait (2WW) referrals. 2WW HNC referrals have continually risen, and a self‐reporting questionnaire was trialled with referrals to the ear, nose and throat (ENT) department with suspected HNC, allowing additional triage information not included in referrals to be obtained.

Methods

Patients referred through the 2WW pathway for HNC between February 2021 and March 2022 were asked to complete an electronic self‐reporting symptom questionnaire. The vetting process resulted in the referral being accepted or regraded to less urgent referral streams. Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) quintiles were derived using the online postcode checker tool.

Results

A total of 984 2WW referrals were retrospectively reviewed. The questionnaire was completed by 717 (72.9%) patients. Regrading of urgency resulted in 292 (29.7%) 2WW appointments not required. Of those regraded, 264 (90.4%) patients completed the questionnaire. A significantly greater number of patients (p = 0.03) from SIMD 4 and SIMD 5 were regraded (33.3%) compared to SIMD 1 and SIMD 2 (26.4%). Patients who did not complete the questionnaire had a higher median age (61.0 years, range: 17–96, IQR: 25.0) compared to those who completed the questionnaire (56.0 years, range: 17–88, IQR: 23.5, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

A self‐reported symptom questionnaire can help rebalance urgent appointments to those with genuine red flag symptoms. This in turn reduces social inequality in 2WW referrals and reduces the number of inappropriate 2WW appointments.
Contributions of small‐scale and longline fishing to sea turtle mortality in the Solomon Islands
Authors: Brown Christopher , Hamilton Richard , Vuto Simon , Atu Willie , Masu Rosalie , Ramofafia Christain , Waldie Pete
Published: September 2024

A focus of sea turtle management has been reducing bycatch in commercial fisheries, but sustainable harvest for consumption is also an important objective in many nations. Identifying how much different fisheries contribute to turtle mortality could help focus limited management resources. We estimated national scale turtle catches for two fisheries in the Solomon Islands: a small‐scale reef fishery where turtles are caught for food and sale, and an offshore longline fishery where turtles are bycatch. The footprint of the longline fishery spanned the entire exclusive economic zone of the Solomon Islands and was 67 times bigger than the footprint of the small‐scale fishery. The median catch summed across both fisheries was ∼12,000 turtles in 2018, with 85%–97% of that catch in the small‐scale fishery. We suggest that turtle management in the Solomon Islands, a nation with globally significant turtle breeding populations, should focus on sustainable management of small‐scale coastal fisheries.
Flavonoid chrysin activates both TrkB and FGFR1 receptors while upregulates their endogenous ligands such as brain derived neurotrophic factor to promote human neurogenesis
Authors: Dong Xiaoxu , Pei Gang , Yang Zhuo , Huang Shichao
Published: September 2024

Neurogenesis is the process of generating new neurons from neural stem cells (NSCs) and plays a crucial role in neurological diseases. The process involves a series of steps, including NSC proliferation, migration and differentiation, which are regulated by multiple pathways such as neurotrophic Trk and fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR) signalling. Despite the discovery of numerous compounds capable of modulating individual stages of neurogenesis, it remains challenging to identify an agent that can regulate multiple cellular processes of neurogenesis. Here, through screening of bioactive compounds in dietary functional foods, we identified a flavonoid chrysin that not only enhanced the human NSCs proliferation but also facilitated neuronal differentiation and neurite outgrowth. Further mechanistic study revealed the effect of chrysin was attenuated by inhibition of neurotrophic tropomyosin receptor kinase‐B (TrkB) receptor. Consistently, chrysin activated TrkB and downstream ERK1/2 and AKT. Intriguingly, we found that the effect of chrysin was also reduced by FGFR1 blockade. Moreover, extended treatment of chrysin enhanced levels of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor, as well as FGF1 and FGF8. Finally, chrysin was found to promote neurogenesis in human cerebral organoids by increasing the organoid expansion and folding, which was also mediated by TrkB and FGFR1 signalling. To conclude, our study indicates that activating both TrkB and FGFR1 signalling could be a promising avenue for therapeutic interventions in neurological diseases, and chrysin appears to be a potential candidate for the development of such treatments.
Changes in Arenosol Nematode Abundance and Trophic Composition as Influenced by Different Faidherbia albida (Delile) A. Chev. Tree Stand Ages in Northern Ethiopia
Authors: Amare Solomon , Haile Mitiku , Birhane Emiru
Published: September 2024

Faidherbia albida (Delile) A. Chev., hereafter F. albida is an important agroforestry tree species in the semi‐arid highlands of Tigray, northern Ethiopia. The paper analyses how different stand ages of the tree could influence nematodes' abundance, trophic composition and selected community index values. A total of 40 composite soil samples were collected from out‐canopies and under‐canopies of different tree stand age classes designated as young (15–20 years), medium age (35–40 years) and older (> 60 years). Nematodes were extracted following the Baermann funnel technique, identified and counted under an inverted Olympus microscope according to their trophic groups. The highest total count of nematodes and relative abundance of fungivores, omnivores and predatory nematode trophic groups were counted from soil samples influenced by older F. albida trees. The relative abundance of bacterivores and plant parasitic nematodes was low. The nematode channel ratio became lower in soils as influenced by older trees while the Wasilewska index was significantly high. The age difference of the trees influenced the abundance of the soil nematode feeding groups and their ecological index values. Moreover, the results have shown the enhancement of nematode trophic diversity. Redundancy analysis showed that tree age significantly influenced the relationships of nematode trophic groups with the studied soil bio‐physicochemical properties. Generally, the findings indicate that the soil food web becomes more complex and functional under the older trees.
Coral reef protection is fundamental to human rights
Authors: Camp Emma F. , Braverman Irus , Wilkinson Genevieve , Voolstra Christian R.
Published: September 2024

The intensifying loss of coral reefs from global climate change and local stressors has seen international commitments targeted at conservation and repair, for example the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. Fulfilling these targets requires decisions to be made on where, when, and how to act, ultimately dictating where limited resources will be deployed. Every choice on action or inaction toward our ocean has direct and indivisible consequences not only for the health of marine ecosystems but also for the health of humans, particularly those who directly depend on marine habitats, both culturally and economically. The well‐being of the environment, humans, and animals is interlinked, co‐dependent, and even co‐produced, as has already been acknowledged by One Health approaches, which endorse a cross‐ and trans‐disciplinary view to health. Coral reefs epitomise how tightly intertwined ecosystem health and the fate of the human and nonhuman communities that depend on them are. A field that thus far remains poorly considered is a human rights‐based approach to coral reef protection. A human rights‐based approach implements human rights obligations, including the recently affirmed right to a clean, healthy, and sustainable environment, while embedding principles of accountability, nondiscrimination, participation, and empowerment for local and Indigenous communities that ensure effectiveness and meaningful stakeholder engagement. Tying the protection of coral reef ecosystems to human rights emphasises the importance of healthy ecosystems to human well‐being and thus the inevitable connection between nonhuman and human life. The general failure to consider coral reef protection through a human rights‐based approach is a missed opportunity to expedite reef protection while simultaneously advancing climate justice for both humans and nonhumans.
Acoustic cues to development of African Penguins (Spheniscus demersus) begging calls
Authors: Zanoli Anna , Tenneriello Chiara , Morandi Ilaria , Terranova Francesca , Cadman Melissa , Ludynia Katrin , Mathevon Nicolas , Reby David , Favaro Livio
Published: September 2024

Avian begging calls mediate parent–offspring conflict and direct parental care to genetically related progeny. We found that the fundamental frequency of begging calls of African Penguins Spheniscus demersus decreases as the penguins age and gain mass, before reaching a lower plateau when the chick reaches about 1 kg. Our results suggest that the food solicitation signals of this species may inform parents of the offspring's body mass. Our results may also lead to the development of non‐invasive tools for facilitating censusing chick growth in wild colonies.
Loss‐of‐function variant in TDRD6 cause male infertility with severe oligo‐astheno‐teratozoospermia in human and mice
Authors: Bi Xinying , Jin Huijuan , Wan Feng , Xia Yanqing , Guo Haibin , Chen Suren , Wang Binbin
Published: September 2024

Oligo‐astheno‐teratozoospermia (OAT) is a common cause of male infertility, but the genetic basis of most OAT cases is still unknown. Here, one homozygous loss‐of‐function (LOF) variant in TDRD6, c.G1825T/p.Gly609X, was identified in an infertile patient with severe OAT by whole‐exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger confirmation. Furthermore, Tdrd6‐mutant mice (p.Gly615X; equivalent to p.Gly609X in human TDRD6) were generated. Remarkably, the Tdrd6‐mutated mice mimicked the severe OAT symptoms of the patient. In addition, the architecture of chromatoid bodies (CBs) were disrupted in round spermatids from Tdrd6‐mutant mice, leading to blocked spermatogenesis in the round spermatids. The assembly of PIWIL1, TDRD1, TDRD7 and DDX25 in CBs was disturbed in the Tdrd6‐mutant mice. Applying immunoprecipitation‐mass spectrometry (IP‐MS), we identified some TDRD6‐interacting partners, including CB proteins TDRD7, MAEL and PCBP1. Moreover, we described the assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcomes of the infertile patient and his partner. Altogether, our findings provide necessary evidences to support the idea that the homozygous LOF variant in TDRD6 induces male infertility with severe OAT, suggesting that TDRD6 could be a useful genetic diagnostic target for male infertility.
Perceptions, Attitudes and Needs of Periodontitis Patients: A Qualitative Systematic Review
Authors: Furquim Camila Pinheiro , Suárez Lina J. , Tavares Renata , Retamal‐Valdes Belén , Feres Murilo Fernando Neuppmann , Feres Magda
Published: September 2024

Aim

Patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) hold significant potential in guiding clinical decision making, yet their utilization in periodontal trials has been limited. This systematic review aimed to critically synthesize and analyse qualitative studies that evaluated the knowledge and impact of periodontitis and its treatment on patients' lives, as well as their motivations, expectations and experiences in seeking treatment.

Materials and Methods

Six databases were searched up to March 2024 for qualitative studies on periodontitis patients. Studies were quality‐assessed using the JBI Critical Appraisal and ConQual tools. Two authors independently extracted the findings, with discrepancies resolved by a third reviewer.

Results

Thirteen studies from 2006 to 2023 across four continents, involving 215 participants, identified five themes related to periodontitis: (i) knowledge about periodontitis and its treatment; (ii) impact of periodontitis on patients' lives; (iii) motivation and treatment expectations; (iv) obstacles to treatment; and (v) treatment impact on patients' lives.

Conclusion

Significant physical and psychosocial impacts of periodontitis on patients' lives were identified, along with critical gaps in knowledge and awareness, emphasizing the important role of dentists in patient education. Specific PROs for use in validated instruments tailored to periodontitis were identified. These results can enhance patient‐centred care by guiding future studies in accurately assessing patient perspectives on their condition and treatment.
Classification of Complete‐Arch Implant Scanning Techniques Recorded by Using Intraoral Scanners
Authors: Revilla‐León Marta , Gómez‐Polo Miguel , Rutkunas Vygandas , Ntovas Panagiotis , Kois John C.
Published: September 2024

Objectives

To classify the complete‐arch implant scanning techniques recorded by using intraoral scanners (IOSs).

Overview

Different implant scanning techniques have been described for recording complete‐arch implant scans by using IOSs. However, dental literature lacks on a classification of these implant scanning techniques. Implant scanning techniques aim is to record the 3‐dimensional position of the implants being scanned, while implant scanning workflows require additional scans to record all the information needed for designing an implant prosthesis. This additional information includes soft tissue information, tooth position, antagonist arch, and maxillomandibular relationship.

Conclusions

There are five complete‐arch implant scanning techniques captured by using IOSs: non‐splinting, non‐calibrated splinting, calibrated implant scan bodies, calibrated frameworks, and reverse impression methods. The digital workflow varies depending on the implant scanning technique selected.

Clinical Significance

The understanding of the varying implant scanning techniques and the main differences among them may ease the decision criteria for recording digital implant scans by using intraoral scanners.
Expression of Programmed Death Ligand 1 and Indoleamine 2,3‐Dioxygenase in Oral Lichen Planus and Oral Lichenoid Lesions
Authors: Kemppainen Olli , Mathlin Andreas , Pasonen‐Seppänen Sanna , Siponen Maria
Published: September 2024

Background

Oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral lichenoid lesions (OLL) are inflammatory T‐cell mediated disorders of the oral mucosa (OM). Both are associated with an increased risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma, with OLL possibly having a higher rate of malignant transformation than OLP. Programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) and indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO) are immunosuppressive molecules possessing inhibitory effect on T‐cells and have been implicated in carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to examine the expression of PD‐L1 and IDO in OLP and OLL.

Methods

Sixty‐eight formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue samples diagnosed as OLP, compatible with OLP, or OLL were divided into OLP (n = 39) or OLL (n = 29) groups based on both clinical and histopathological diagnostic criteria. Samples of healthy OM (n = 9) served as controls. Samples were immunohistochemically stained for PD‐L1 and IDO, and staining distribution and intensity were evaluated.

Results

Immunohistochemical expression of PD‐L1 was increased in the basal and intermediate layers of epithelium in OLP and in lamina propria in both OLP and OLL compared to controls. OLP and OLL showed increased expression of IDO in epithelium and lamina propria compared to controls. PD‐L1 staining intensity in the basal epithelial layer, and IDO staining intensity in lamina propria were increased in OLP compared to OLL.

Conclusion

The results indicate that the expression of PD‐L1 and IDO increases in OLP and OLL, suggesting that these molecules may play a role in the pathogenesis of both disorders.
The influence of essentialist and social constructionist notions on perceptions of “realness”: Implications for LGBTIQ+ experiences
Authors: Bartels Mik S. , Le Forestier Joel M. , Hug Anton M. O. , Morgenroth Thekla , Roselló‐Peñaloza Miguel
Published: September 2024

Essentialism is an ontological belief that social groups share underlying “essences,” while social constructionism suggests social groups are formed and upheld by cultural understandings. We aim to highlight that essentialist and social constructionist beliefs regarding LGBTIQ+ identities underlie psychological evaluations of whether an LGBTIQ+ identity is real (social recognition of existence). These evaluations have tangible consequences for LGBTIQ+ people such that LGBTIQ+ identities considered real are (de)valued while those considered not real are marginalized. Central to our examination is the concept of “naturalness,” which often affords realness. This is reflected through essentialist thought at the individual level when evaluating the realness of LGBTIQ+ identities. However, while LGBTIQ+ people may embrace essentialist rhetoric to defend their identities as real, many draw instead on social constructionist notions. Lastly, we examine how essentialist and social constructionist rhetoric are evident in structural systems to either deny or legitimize LGBTIQ+ identities as real. By reimagining LGBTIQ+ research, we seek to expand the understanding of these identities.
Far‐right movement parties in Europe: Two perspectives
Authors: Kim Seongcheol
Published: September 2024

Taking as a starting point the growing body of scholarship on movement parties of the far right, this research note undertakes a reflection on the boundaries of the movement party concept from two distinct angles – the established interactive‐mobilisational approach and the more recent discursive‐organisational one – and their empirical implications for the study of far‐right movement parties in Europe today. While the former approach's emphasis on the hybridity of electoral and protest‐based collective action repertoires as the primary defining feature of movement parties suggests a wide‐ranging applicability of the concept to the far right, the latter approach's understanding of the movement party as a specific organisational type based on horizontal coordinative links between constituent movements via collective leadership structures appears to pull in the opposite direction. These differences are explored in an overview of three far‐right parties that fit both movement party definitions to varying degrees – CasaPound in Italy, Right Sector in Ukraine, and Konfederacja in Poland – followed by a discussion of the Alternative for Germany (AfD) as an ambivalent case that prototypically fits the interactive‐mobilisational understanding but falls short of the discursive‐organisational one, thus magnifying the conceptual differences between the two approaches.
Verticillium dahliae Elicitor VdSP8 Enhances Disease Resistance Through Increasing Lignin Biosynthesis in Cotton
Authors: Wang Yajuan , Qin Jun , Wei Mengmeng , Liao Xiwen , Shang Wenjing , Chen Jieyin , Subbarao Krishna V. , Hu Xiaoping
Published: September 2024

Verticillium wilt caused by the soil‐borne fungus Verticillium dahliae Kleb., is a destructive plant disease that instigates severe losses in many crops. Improving plant resistance to Verticillium wilt has been a challenge in most crops. In this study, a V. dahliae secreted protein VdSP8 was identified and shown to activate hyper‐sensitive response (HR) and systemic acquired resistance (SAR) to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000) and Botrytis cinerea in tobacco plants. We identified a β‐glucosidase named GhBGLU46 as a cotton plant target of VdSP8. VdSP8 interacts with GhBGLU46 both in vivo and in vitro and promotes the β‐glucosidase activity of GhBGLU46. Silencing of GhBGLU46 reduced the expression of genes involved in lignin biosynthesis, such as GhCCR4, GhCCoAOMT2, GhCAD3 and GhCAD6, thus decreasing lignin deposition and increasing Verticillium wilt susceptibility. We have shown that GhBGLU46 is indispensable for the function of VdSP8 in plant resistance. These results suggest that plants have also evolved a strategy to exploit the invading effector protein VdSP8 to enhance plant resistance.
Disaster Risk Perception and Sustainable Earthquake Awareness Among Public and Private University Nursing Students
Authors: Kolaç Nurcan , Eroğlu Nermin , Nirgiz Cansu
Published: September 2024

Background

This research was conducted in descriptive type to determine the disaster risk perception and sustainable earthquake awareness of nursing students studying at public and private universities.

Methods

The study sample consisted of 400 nursing students studying at one public and one private university. The research was conducted between April and May 2023. The data were collected using a Sociodemographic Form, University Students Disaster Risk Perception Scale (USDRPS), and Sustainable Earthquake Awareness Scale (SEAS). Data were collected online using a questionnaire created on Google Forms. Analyses included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation values, independent groups t‐test, post‐hoc Tukey test, LSD, and ANOVA test.

Results

Of the students, 61.8% had a disaster experience, 17.4% had lost a relative in the disaster, and 76.8% did not consider themselves prepared for a possible disaster. In the study, the exposure sub‐dimension score of the disaster risk perception scale was found to be higher in students who had disaster experience than in those who did not (p = 0.032). Nursing students from the private university had higher sustainable earthquake awareness scores than those studying at the state university (p = 0.001). The mean scores of female students on the earthquake preparedness and preparation application sub‐dimensions showed a significant difference compared to the scores of male students (p = 0.016). In the study, sustainable earthquake awareness total and earthquake preparedness sub‐dimension scores were higher in second‐year nursing students than in students of other years (p = 0.042; 0.015). Those who had received disaster training had low scores on the uncontrollable sub‐dimension of the disaster risk perception scale, and high scores on the total SEAS and earthquake‐structure relationship, earthquake preparedness, and earthquake preparation application sub‐dimensions (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

In the study, three out of four students did not find themselves prepared for disasters. Those who had disaster experience had higher disaster risk perceptions. Students who had received disaster‐related training had more positive earthquake preparedness, earthquake‐structure relationship, and earthquake preparation applications than those who had not. Students who were female and were in the second year had higher earthquake awareness. Studies can be carried out to inform people about the pre‐disaster and preparation stages to raise awareness about disasters at universities. Education on disaster management can be integrated into courses from the first years of university.
Mixing oak and pine trees in Mediterranean forests increases aboveground hydraulic dysfunctions
Authors: Mas E. , Vilagrosa A. , Morcillo L. , Valladares F. , Grossiord C.
Published: September 2024

Increasing tree species diversity in Mediterranean forests could reduce drought‐induced hydraulic impairments through improved microclimate and reduced competition for water. However, it remains unclear if and how species diversity modulates tree hydraulic functions and how impacts may shift during the growing season.

Using unmanaged Mediterranean forest stands composed of one (i.e., monospecific) or four (i.e., multispecific) tree species, we examined the seasonal dynamics of in‐situ hydraulic traits (predawn and midday leaf water potential – Ψpd and Ψmd, xylem‐ and leaf‐specific hydraulic conductivity – KS and KL, percentage loss of conductivity – PLC, specific leaf area – SLA, and Huber value – HV) in four co‐existing Pinus and Quercus species over two years.

We mainly observed adverse impacts of species diversity with lower Ψpd, Ψmd, KS, KL, and higher PLC in multispecific compared to monospecific stands, especially for the two pines. These impacts were observed all along the growing season but were stronger during the driest periods of the summer. Beneficial impacts of diversity were rare and only occured for oaks (Q. faginea) after prolonged and intense water stress.

Our findings reveal that mixing oaks and pines could mainly enhance hydraulic impairments for all species during the dry season, suggesting a potential decline in mixed Mediterranean forests under future climate.
Duration in power and happiness in the world
Authors: Avom Désiré , Mondjeli Mwa Ndjokou Itchoko Motande , Tsopmo Pierre C. , Abdramane Cherif , Asongu Simplice A.
Published: September 2024

This article examines the effect of leader longevity in power on world happiness. To make the assessment, a sample composed of 135 countries observed over the period 2006 to 2018 was constituted. The results obtained from OLS estimates show that longevity in power reduces individual happiness. Furthermore, the negative effect is more amplified in democratic countries. Quantile regression reveals variability in the effect over the different intervals. These results are robust to the use of alternative estimation techniques. We also identify the quality of institutions and public spending as two potential transmission channels through which longevity in power influences well‐being. These results invite political authorities to respect constitutional limits or implement constitutional reforms with the aim of limiting the duration of the mandate of the executive in order to reduce the harmful effect of an extension of the latter on individuals' well‐being.

Related Articles

Flavin, Patrick, Alexander C. Pacek, and Benjamin Radcliff. 2011. “State Intervention and Subjective Well‐Being in Advanced Industrial Democracies.” Politics & Policy 39(2): 251–69. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2011.00290.x.

Jakubow, Alexander. 2014. “State Intervention and Life Satisfaction Reconsidered: The Role of Governance Quality and Resource Misallocation.” Politics & Policy 42(1): 3–36. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12057.

Kim, Hae S. 2017. “Patterns of Economic Development: Correlations Affecting Economic Growth and Quality of Life in 222 Countries.” Politics & Policy 45(1): 83–104. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12190.
Evaluating the effects of azelaic acid in the metabolism of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings through untargeted metabolomics and ionomics approaches
Authors: Álvarez‐Rodríguez Sara , Senizza Biancamaria , Araniti Fabrizio , Lucini Luigi , Lucchini Giorgio , Sánchez‐Moreiras Adela M.
Published: September 2024

The present study demonstrates that low concentrations of azelaic acid (AZA) significantly impact the metabolism of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings, leading to imbalances in numerous minerals and metabolites due to AZA‐induced stress. Untargeted metabolomic analyses were conducted on untreated and AZA‐treated seedlings at two time points: 7 and 14 days after treatment initiation. The results revealed a general accumulation of sugars (e.g., glucose, mannose, xylose), amino acids (e.g., lysine, GABA, threonine, glutamine), and organic acids (e.g., glutaric acid, shikimic acid, succinic acid) in AZA treated‐seedlings, suggesting that AZA triggers stress responses in Arabidopsis. Ionomic analysis revealed that AZA induces phosphorus deficiency, which plants compensate by increasing malate content in the roots. Additionally, AZA treatment induced putrescine accumulation within the root, a metabolic biomarker of potassium deficiency and plant stress. The metabolomic profile showed elevated levels of different specialized metabolites, such as nitrogen‐ and sulphur‐containing compounds, and altered levels of various phytohormones, including jasmonates and brassinosteroids, implicated in plant protection under biotic and/or abiotic stresses. These findings support the hypothesis that AZA's mode of action is associated with an auxin imbalance, suggesting its function as an auxinic herbicide. The observed increases in starch and jasmonates, coupled with the disruptions in potassium homeostasis, are linked to the previously reported alterations in the auxin transport, root architecture and gravitropic root response. Statistical analyses were applied, including Kruskal‐Wallis tests for ionomic data, as well as multifactor analysis, Principal Component Analysis, Orthogonal Partial Least Squares‐Discriminant Analysis, and enrichment pathway analysis for metabolomic data, ensuring the robustness and validity of these findings.
Ultrasonographic Assessment of Testicular Biometry and Arterial Blood Flow in Pre‐ and Postpubertal Miranda Donkeys: Correlations With Semen Quality Parameters
Authors: Martins‐Bessa A. , Quaresma M. , Novoa M. , Bartlewski P. M. , Silva S.
Published: September 2024

The main goals of this study were to document and compare the normal ranges of testicular haemodynamic parameters in pre‐ (aged 8–12 months; n = 4) and postpubertal (aged 24–259 months; n = 16) Miranda donkeys in the breeding season, and to correlate animal biometric data and testicular Doppler indices with basic semen quality parameters of sexually mature jacks. Colour and pulsed‐Doppler ultrasonography were employed to assess blood flow in the left and right distal supratesticular artery (DsTA) and their marginal branches (marginal arteries—MA). Peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), pulsatility index (PI) and resistive index (RI) were evaluated in both blood vessels, and TAMV (time‐averaged mean velocity), TABF (total arterial blood flow) and TABF rate (TABF‐R) were calculated for MA. The mean diameter of MA was greater (p < 0.05; 0.24 ± 0.05 vs. 0.19 ± 0.05 cm; mean ± SD) but TABF‐R was less (p < 0.05; 0.004 ± 0.004 vs. 0.02 ± 0.01 mL/s/cm3) in sexually mature donkeys compared with prepubertal animals. Apart from RI values for the right testicle of prepubertal donkeys, PI and RI were consistently greater (p < 0.05) in DsTA compared with MA. Significant correlations were found among select biometric and haemodynamic attributes of the testes (height, width and length, TV, TTV and PSV‐ST) and ejaculate characteristics (volume, sperm defects‐total, head and midpiece) in sexually mature donkeys (n = 8). The present results highlight the importance of scrotal ultrasonography for the reproductive assessment of jacks and provide reference values, based on the available subpopulation of Miranda donkeys that can be used in their clinical and reproductive management and research, or conservation programmes.
An analogue of the Mellin transform for weakly holomorphic cusp forms and a converse theorem
Authors: Imamoḡlu Ö. , Martin Y. , Tóth Á.
Published: September 2024

We define an analogue of the classical Mellin transform for vector‐valued weakly holomorphic cusp forms for and prove a converse theorem for such forms in terms of the new transform. As applications we get converse theorems for scalar valued weakly holomorphic forms for as well as for primes .
Holomorphically conjugate polynomial automorphisms of C2$\mathbb {C}^2$ are polynomially conjugate
Authors: Cantat Serge , Dujardin Romain
Published: September 2024

We confirm a conjecture of Friedland and Milnor: if two polynomial automorphisms and with dynamical degree greater than 1 are conjugate by some holomorphic diffeomorphism , then is a polynomial automorphism; thus, and are conjugate inside . We also discuss a number of variations on this result.
Non-Intrusive Diagnostic Methods for Alternators and Generators Using Electrical Signature Analysis
Authors: Ayers Curtis W. , Haynes Howard D.
Published: September 2024

Electrical Signature Analysis (ESA) was developed originally at Oak Ridge National Laboratory to allow diagnostic related information to be gathered from electric motor driven devices via a remote non-intrusive current measurement on a motor power cable. The resulting signal with appropriate processing is sensitive to mechanical and electrical perturbations occurring in the motor and driven system. This technique has been applied to many different types of AC and DC motors with various driven machines. Recently the ESA technique has been extrapolated to evaluate electro-magnetic devices such as alternators and generators via analysis of their voltage output signals.

The primary goal of this study is to investigate diagnostic methods from established non-intrusive ESA methods and apply them to sound reduction in automobile alternators, diagnostics for rotor and gearbox for helicopter and aircraft generators, and diagnosis of gear problems and electrical winding health for airliner auxiliary power unit generators.
Integrating Vibration, Motor Current, and Wear Particle Analysis With Machine Operating State for On-Line Machinery Prognostics/Diagnostics Systems (MPROS)
Authors: Martin Dana K. , Van Dyke Joe
Published: September 2024

Integration of system process information with expert system vibration analysis to improve the accuracy of rotating machinery fault detection in on-line condition monitoring systems is the main focus of this paper. An overview of the condition based maintenance system MPROS (Machinery Prognostics/Diagnostics System) being developed for the US Navy is presented. Details are provided regarding several currently operating prototype systems installed on both shipboard and land based air conditioning plants. Finally a case study is presented which utilizes data from a prototype system to examine several of the relationships between air conditioning compressor vibration signatures and system process parameters. Understanding and utilizing these relationships will enable accurate diagnostics and provide the in-depth data that is needed to support prognostics.
Neural Adaptive Control of a MIMO Electrohydraulic Servosystem
Authors: Zhang Hao , Ukrainetz Paul , Nikiforuk Peter , Burton Rich
Published: September 2024

Electrohydraulic servomechanisms are well known for their fast dynamic response, high power to inertia ratio, and control accuracy. If the system dynamics can be precisely described and the plant dynamics vary in the vicinity of the designed operation point, a fixed parameter controller may be designed using conventional control theory to acquire the desired output. However, for most industrial systems, it is very difficult to describe the system precisely. In addition, due to disturbances, variations of loads, and changing process dynamics, the system parameters may vary. A neural network approach, using the parallel distributed processing concept with the capability of an ever-improving performance through a dynamic learning process, provides a powerful adaptation ability; its implementation is thus quite feasible for the control of electrohydraulic servosystems.

The objective of this research was to apply the neural network control architecture to a nonlinear multiple input-multiple output (MIMO) electrohydraulic servosystem to improve its position and force output performance. This objective was achieved through the use of a neural adaptive control scheme. A neuro-controller was implemented as a subsystem to control the real-time electrohydraulic system so as to track the desired signals defined by a reference model when subjected to system internal interactions and load variations. Experiments were conducted to illustrate the feasibility and benefits of the neural network approach in comparison with the traditional PID control strategies. The position and force outputs of the plant followed the reference model outputs successfully. The proposed control scheme forced the plant outputs to track those of the reference model simultaneously under changes of the load disturbances.
Identifying a Nonlinear Dynamic System With Partially Recurrent Neural Networks: Feasibility Study and Issues on Error Accumulation Problems
Authors: Ping Xu , Burton Rich , Sargent Colin
Published: September 2024

Conventional methods of modeling transient behavior of an actual system involve developing mathematical equations based on the observed physical relationships among the associated components and engineering practical considerations. In many cases, however, the presence of nonlinearities in actual systems and the difficulties in accurately measuring parameters have restricted the interpretation of the modeling results to specific operating points and or with limited modeling accuracy. An alternate is to establish the mathematical relationships of a system using a system identification approach based on input-output observations. Neural networks show the potential of establishing these mathematical relationships, because of their proven capability of approximating nonlinear functions. This study investigates the use of partially recurrent neural networks to identify transient responses of certain nonlinear systems, and presents the results of a theoretical study which carefully examines the modeling error behavior. The results of this study have established the potential and, indeed limitations to this neural modeling approach. The effect of error accumulation through feedback paths of dynamic models on the modeling accuracy is briefly discussed with an illustrative example.
Robust Performance Control of Electrohydraulic Actuators for Camshaft Machining
Authors: Kim Dean H. , Tsao Tsu-Chin
Published: September 2024

Nonlinear dynamics of the electrohydraulic servoactuator are represented by linear models corresponding to different ranges of motion. Model uncertainty bounds are determined for each amplitude range and the corresponding robust performance controllers are designed. The controllers designed from the larger amplitude models provide robust performance for a wider range of reference signals. The robust performance controllers are implemented with the corresponding repetitive and feedforward controllers for the manufacturing application of camshaft machining. The controllers designed from the larger amplitude models provide better tracking of the larger reference cam trajectories.
The PWM Oil Temperature Control in Hydraulic System Based on MNN Neural Network
Authors: Wei Sun , Hong He , Entao Zhou , Shichang Zhou
Published: September 2024

Based on PWM (Pulse Width Modules) theory, this paper proposes a PWM controlled cooling system by using the on-off water value, the cost of the cooling system is decreased and the reliability is improved. Moreover, this paper proposes a self-learning control algorithm for the control of nonlinear system with large time-delay by taking advantage of MNN (Memmory Neuron Network), it is used in the oil temperature control in hydraulic system, the result is satisfactory, the oil temperature has been controlled within 50±0.5 °C.
Hybrid Analytical/Neural Network Model of Variable Displacement Pump Dynamics
Authors: McNamara John M. , Edge Kevin A. , Vaughan Nick D.
Published: September 2024

The response of a variable displacement pump to a control signal can be an important factor in the overall system response. It is therefore necessary in simulating such systems to have an accurate model of the dynamic behavior of the pump and its interaction with the system. This paper presents a comprehensive model of a typical variable displacement swash-plate piston pump and its servo controller.

Because of the complex and non-linear form of the pumping dynamics previous researchers have used over-simplified models, particularly in respect of swash-plate forces during the pumping cycle. This paper describes a hybrid approach which combines physical models and a neural network to simulate swash-plate dynamics. Training data for the neural network is obtained through a detailed simulation of pumping dynamics. This allows the creation of a black-box model of swash-plate moments as a function of delivery pressure and swash-plate position and velocity.

Training data and the hybrid model of the pump system have been verified experimentally. The final pump system model takes into account the interactions between pump, its controller and the delivery line.
Variable Displacement Gerotor Pump Design
Authors: Tay Yong Fong , Cole Jack H.
Published: September 2024

Attempts to develop variable displacement gear pumps have resulted in designs that are too complex for commercial success. Research at the University of Arkansas has produced an innovative pressure compensated variable displacement gerotor design, described in this paper, that maintains gear pump simplicity. The goal of this continuing research is to develop commercially-viable models of this new concept.
On the Bulk Modulus of Hydraulic Fluids in the Presence of Dissolved Gas
Authors: Stern Hansjoerg
Published: September 2024

This paper documents the initial phase in a program to record and evaluate the effects of air dissolved in hydraulic fluids. Some quantity of dissolved air is a fact of life in most hydraulic systems, yet physical properties of hydraulic fluids are normally reported for the de-aerated or degassed base fluid. While dissolved air effects are generally reported to be “small” or “negligible”, very little quantitative information has been published to document the actual values.

The bulk modulus of fluids is one of the important parameters of all dynamic control systems and plays an important role in the design and life of positive displacement pumps and motors for high pressure service. It was therefore chosen as the initial object of this study and is the basis for the design and construction of the test equipment referred to in this paper.

Initial tests, by no means conclusive, at this stage, seem to verify the assumption of small deviations, but definitely suggest that measurable differences in the trend of bulk modulus with respect to pressure do exist for a aerated SAE10, automatic transmission, and vegetable base hydraulic fluids.
Comparison of Cavitation Erosion Test Results Between Vibratory and Cavitating Jet Methods
Authors: Yamaguchi Atsushi , Kazama Toshiharu , Inoue Kosuke , Onoue Jiro
Published: September 2024

The relationship of the test results between the vibratory and cavitating jet methods was clarified experimentally. Six types of metallic specimens which were made of aluminum alloy, superduralumin, high-strength brass, stainless steel, carbon steel and chrome-molybdenum steel were tested. The ratio of eroded volume by the vibratory to cavitating jet methods became constant as the time proceeded. The eroded volume of aluminum alloy was the largest, and that of superduralumin, that of high-strength brass, that of steel, in order. The order agreed well with both test methods. Striation, plastic deformation and fatigue fracture were observed.
A Dynamic Study of an Air Cylinder for Load Positioning Control
Authors: Fok S. C. , Leow Y. P.
Published: September 2024

This paper analyzes the linearized dynamic characteristics of an air cylinder system for continuous load positioning control. First, the mathematical model of the cylinder system is derived based on a typical electropneumatic valve whose flow characteristics are dependent on both the applied voltage and pressure. Next, the mathematical model associated with a servovalve whose mass flow rate is proportional to the applied voltage is developed. From the mathematical models, the paper discusses the effects of the valves and the load positions on the air cylinder system dynamics. Some simulation and experimental results are given to illustrate the analysis for the control of different start/stop load positioning.