bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE DIGITALIZED VILLAGE DEALING WITH COVID-19
Authors: Grari Chaimae
Published: August 2022

Purpose- The aim of this paper is to explore the relationship between different variables and how these variables can change from what have been found in the literature. Today’s world is changing and transforming continuously, it became hard to talk about constancy of different definitions, notions and results; especially the world is going through a big change due to Covid-19. This pandemic made the governments revaluate their policies, the companies re-examine their management and strategies and individuals rethink about their social life and values.
Scientific research will be done in this study in order to examine how the terms chosen are related to each other and how they will be impacted by the pandemic we are going through.
Methodology- Nowadays, Our life became so depending on digital technologies, which had made the world a small village and enhanced the globalization. In this paper, we will define and examine globalization and digitalization and their relationships with other terms in the literature. We will cover different aspects and then study how Covid-19 impacted and will impact these relationships. Firstly, we will study the relationship of digitalization with three dimensions, which are consumer behaviour, sustainability and governance. Then we will examine the relationship between globalization and three different dimensions, which are e-commerce, social media and mental health.
Findings- The analyses of the literature review have ensured the impact of Covid-19 on every variable and relationship we have studied. It has proved that covid-19 has affected every side of our lives, especially that globalization and digitalization have made the world a small village that is living in a continuous change. Covid-19 showed how it become hard to talk about stability and how transformation become a part of our daily life.

Keywords: Covid-19, Globalization, Digitalization, E-commerce, Governance, Mental health, Social media, Consumer behaviour, sustainability
JEL Codes: E00, F60
MONETARY AND FISCAL POLICY MIX AMID COVID-19 PANDEMICS AND THE ECONOMIC GROWTH PATH
Authors: Ozkaya Ata
Published: August 2022

Purpose- We focus on the recent debate on policies enhancing the economic growth and query the crucial results of the modern growth theory implying a relationship between factor substitution elasticities and sustainably perpetual growth. Our study corrects the misinterpretation that the elasticity of substitution would be an engine for perpetual growth. We query the future path of the modern growth theory, its inconsistencies and possible policy tools amid extreme events where the Covid-19 pandemic deteriorated the global supply chains and total demand in the economy.
Methodology- The study employs first order ordinary differential equations method.
Findings- Finally, we propose a modeling of economic disequilibrium under extreme events causing demand and supply shocks. This model shows the conditions under which the equilibrium domain for the supply and demand functions cannot be converged. As an application, our results suggest that amid Covid-19 pandemics, U.S. fiscal policy and monetary policy do not optimally match and hence the fiscal policy should be calibrated. Otherwise, the economic growth path would be hampered sooner than expected.
Conclusion- Therefore, we suggest policy implications to overcome these discontinuities. We believe that the extensive approach proposed in this study will be a source for different points of view. We hope that our results shed light on future empirical studies focusing on the remedies to increase growth rate.

Keywords: Elasticity of substitution, production functions, economic growth, Covid-19, extreme shocks.
JEL Codes: O40, O41, O42
DETERMINING CONSUMER PAYMENT PREFERENCES IN ONLINE SHOPPING BY GENDER: AN EXAMPLE OF AMASYA PROVINCE
Authors: Kartal Murat , Isler Didar Buyuker
Published: August 2022

Purpose- The purpose of this study the development of technology and the widespread use of the internet for global consumers as a result of the increase of the interest in online shopping, consumers ' online shopping behavior according to gender preferred payment method to identify and to analyze whether they differed in.
Methodology- In order to achieve the purpose of the study, it was decided to conduct a survey application via Googlesurvey. In the survey, along with demographic questions, the participants were asked which payment methods they used. The participants aged 18 and over residing in Amasya province constitute the universe of the research. The sample of the study consists of 500 participants selected from within the universe by an easy sampling method. Of these 500 participants, 4 did not answer the relevant question and were considered lost sightings. Frequency and chi-square tests were applied to the obtained data.
Findings- In the survey conducted, participants were asked, ‘which payment methods do you prefer for online shopping? the " question " is given the opportunity to select more than one option. The answers given are grouped as ”Virtual payment (virtual payment by credit card only, wire transfer/EFT, mobile payment or virtual card/virtual wallet options at least one)“, ”Payment at the door (credit card only or cash at the door payment options at least one)“, ”Both virtual and door payment“ and ”Other". As a result of the survey, it was determined that 216 (43.5%) of the 496 respondents who answered the relevant question used a virtual payment method, 46 (9.3%) used a payment method at the door, 211 (42.5%) used both a virtual and a payment method at the door, and 23 (4.6%) chose the other option. Whether payment methods changed according to gender was measured by chi-square analysis. As a result of Chi-square analysis, it was found that p=0.007<α=0.01 and it was determined that payment methods may vary depending on gender.
Conclusion- As a result of the findings obtained from the analysis results, it is noted that about 86% of the participants use virtual payment methods, while only about 9.3% physically pay at the door. As a result of the Chi-square analysis, it was observed that men were more likely than expected to not choose a particular method and make payments both in virtual and at the door, while women were more selective about virtual payment methods.

Keywords: Online shopping, online consumer,consumer gender, online payment, payment preferences
JEL Codes: M30, M31, M39
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE EUROPEAN UNION AND THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA S AIRCRAFT ACCIDENTS STATISTICS
Authors: Unsal Billur , Ates Savas S.
Published: August 2022

Purpose- The motivation of this research is to determine whether there is a relationship between the number of accidents in the European Union and the United States.
Methodology- In the study, transparently published data from the United States of America and the European Union were examined and used. In the evaluation of the data, independent samples t-test analysis method was used. The data covers the period from 2009 until 2018 so that the crisis created by the pandemic in the aviation sector does not adversely affect the results of the study. Due to the difficulty of obtaining data, the use of only EU and USA data is a limitation in the study.
Findings- As a result of the independent samples t test, no statistically significant difference was found between the number of accidents in the EU and the USA.
Conclusion- There was no significant difference between the two groups as a result of the independent sample t-test applied in line with the purpose of the study. The reason for this is that the two groups have similar characteristics in terms of education, qualified workforce, technology and economic power.

Keywords: Aviation, air transportation, aircraft accident, safety, safety culture
JEL Codes: R41, L93, L99
Evaluation of the effect of total saponins and tannins isolated from Dialium guineense stem bark on CCl4 - Induced hepatotoxicity in wistar rats
Authors: Abu OD , Orobator ON , Momodu IB
Published: August 2022

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of total saponins and tannins of Dialium guineense stem bark in Wistar rats exposed to carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Adult male Wistar rats (n = 25) weighing 160 – 180 g (mean weight = 170 ± 10 g) were randomly assigned to five groups (5 rats per group): normal control, CCl4 control, silymarin, total saponins, and total tannins groups. With the exception of normal control, the rats were exposed to CCl4 (a single oral dose of 1.0 mL/kg body weight, bwt). Rats in the silymarin group were administered 100 mg/kg bwt silymarin (standard hepatoprotective drug), while those in the two treatment groups received 150 mg/kg bwt of total saponins or tannins orally. Treatment lasted 28 days. Activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), as well as levels of Total Protein (TP), bilirubin, and albumin, were measured in plasma. The results showed that there were no significant differences in the concentrations of TP among the groups (p > 0.05). The activities of the liver enzymes, as well as levels of bilirubin and albumin, were significantly higher in the CCl4 control group than in the normal control group, but they were reduced by extract treatment (p < 0.05). These results indicate that CCl4 negatively impacted the integrity of the liver cells, and total saponins and tannins of D. guineense stem bark conferred some level of protection on the organ.
Bamboo leaf as quality fodder supplement for goat production in the dry semi-deciduous forest zone of Ghana
Authors: Daniel S Akoto , Samuel T Partey , Michael Mensah , Simon Abugre , Sellassie Akoto , Issah Seidu
Published: August 2022

Limited access to fodder with fair nutritive characteristics especially during dry periods is a challenge to livestock farming. However, it is envisaged that evergreen bamboo with year-round litter production and high nutritive characteristics, may provide a valuable supplementary source of feed. In Ghana, bamboo use as fodder is largely unknown and efforts to promote its use will require an understanding of base feed quality and results disseminated. Therefore, a field fodder quality experimentation using twenty Djallonké kids (juvenile goats) of 1-year-old with a mean initial weight of 13.77 ± 1.16 kg for the trial and allotted to four dietary treatments in a completely randomized block design with five replicates per treatment was conducted. The study sought to assess the effect of leaves of two bamboo species (Oxytenanthera abyssinica and Bambusa balcooa) as a feed supplement to goats fed on basal diets of Pennisetum purpureum and Brachiaria decumbens. The fodder quality results indicated that nutrient composition and in vitro gas production of the treatments varied significantly among the grasses and the bamboo supplement. The highest crude protein and in vitro gas production was observed in O. abyssinica. Besides, O. abyssinica diets recorded the highest daily gain and the lowest feed-to-gain ratio. The treatment effect was significant on blood variables measured. Bamboo leaves are a viable feed supplement for goats as shown by their nutrient profile and positive influence on the growth performance of goats. Hence, the leaves of any of the bamboo species could be used as supplemental feed for goats.
Label-free quantification (LFQ) proteomic data analysis from DIA-NN output files v1
Authors: Chen Yan
Published: August 2022

This protocol details the analysis of label-free quantification (LFQ) data from data independent acquisition (DIA) discovery (shotgun) proteomic experiments and generates a series of outputs.
Phylogenetic Analysis of Complete Bovine Coronavirus Genome Sequences v1
Authors: M Workman Aspen
Published: August 2022

Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) has spilled over to many species, including humans, where the host range variant coronavirus OC43 is endemic. Balance of the opposing activities of the surface spike (S) and hemagglutinin esterase (HE) glycoproteins control virion avidity which is critical for interspecies transmission and host adaptation. Here, 78 genomes were sequenced directly from clinical samples collected between 2013 and 2022 from cattle in 12 states, primarily in the Midwestern U.S. Relatively little genetic diversity was observed, with genomes having >98% nucleotide identity. Eleven isolates collected between 2020 and 2022 from four states (Nebraska, Colorado, California, and Wisconsin) contained a 12-nucleotide insertion in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the HE gene identical to one recently reported in China, and a single genome from Nebraska collected in 2020 contained a novel 12-nucleotide deletion in the HE gene RBD. Isogenic HE proteins containing either the insertion or deletion in the HE RBD maintained esterase activity and the ability to bind bovine submaxillary mucin, a substrate enriched in the receptor 9-O-acetylated-sialic acid, despite modeling that predicted structural changes in the HE R3 loop critical for receptor binding. The emergence of BCoV with structural variants in the RBD raises the possibility of further interspecies transmission.
Oxygen Evolution Measurement: Light Curve for Algae v1
Authors: J Burgess Steven
Published: August 2022

Thanks to a lovely combination of trial and error I present to you an optimized* protocol for using an oxygen electrode to create a light curve for Ostrecoccus tauri. The light curve can be used to determine what light intensity is ideal for photosynthesis in O. tauri, which can then inform the light conditions for a subsequent bicarbonate curve. An O. tauri bicarb curve could potentially indicate (when compared to other algal bicarb curves) whether or not this species has a carbon-concentrating mechanism. *This protocol could be further optimized by making a growth curve for O. tauri first. *The protocol is written for O. tauri and can be adapted to other algal species. When adapting it will be necessary to reassess optimal cell density for measurements, and consider the choice of buffer for washing and incubating cells. ASW is used in this situation but will not be suitable for fresh water species
The Effectiveness of Endorser’s Credibility on Purchase Decisions (A Study of Instagram Account @kulinerbandung)
Authors: Faatin Dinda Farissa , Sudono Agus , Pratama Armandha Redo
Published: August 2022

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of endorser credibility on purchasing decisions. The research method implemented is descriptive and verification method with quantitative research and 100 respondents. In this study, the independent variable is the credibility of the endorser which consists of attractiveness, trustworthiness, and expertise. Meanwhile, for the dependent variable, namely is the purchase decision. The analytical techniques used are normality test, simple linear regression analysis, correlation analysis, coefficient of determination, and T test with testing using SPSS version 26 application and Microsoft Excel. The results of this research data processing resulted in a T count value of 14.320 T table 1.985 so it was concluded that there was an influence of endorser credibility on purchasing decisions with the object of research @kulinerbandung.
Investigating teachers’ perceptions and instructional practices regarding form- focused instruction of speech acts in the Iranian EFL context
Authors: Amir Jahansouz Shahi Melahat , Gharagozloo Neda , Raissi Reza
Published: August 2022

Mastery over speech acts plays a significant role in the accomplishment of communication between interlocutors. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate Iranian EFL Instructors' perception and instructional practices towards form-focused instruction of speech acts, specifically request apology and invitation. To this aim, through a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design, the present researchers selected 30 English language instructors in Islamic Azad University (IAU) of North Tehran Branch based on criterion sampling as the study participants. All the participants completed an adapted version of Pragmatic Knowledge Questionnaire (PKQ), and were successively interviewed in terms of their claimed perceptions and practices regarding form-focused instruction of speech acts through a semi-structured interview. Finally, six classes were observed by the researchers to get informed of their real classroom practices. The results of data analyses were then triangulated, and the findings revealed that Iranian EFL instructors used explicit strategies rather than implicit strategies to instruct speech acts in their classes. Also, they presumed and agreed that explicit instruction is more effective since this technique seems to be easier, understandable and without ambiguity for the learners. The results of the current study are beneficial for EFL instructors, syllabus designers, materials developers, and scholastic administrators to enrich the current English language teaching curricula.
Investigating EFL students’ linguistic problems using Grammarly as automated writing evaluation feedback
Authors: Tambunan Anna Riana Suryanti , Andayani Widya , Sari Winda Setia , Lubis Fauziah Khairani
Published: August 2022

A plethora of previous studies has shown that corrective feedback can benefit students to progress in their learning. Due to technological advancement, there is a need to investigate the profile of corrective feedback to students’ writing via automated writing evaluation (AWE), particularly in the Indonesian higher education context. Therefore, this research aims to employ an AWE platform, Grammarly, to investigate the Indonesian English as a foreign language (EFL) students’ writing profiles in spelling, grammar, punctuation, enhancement suggestion, sentence structure, and style check. This ex post facto study explored the assignment written by 54 fourth-semester English department students enrolled in an academic writing course at an Indonesian university. The students’ writing profiles were classified, identified, and categorized using the Grammarly platform. Descriptive statistics were used to obtain the average, standard deviation, and significant differences according to the writing profiles between male and female students. The result stated that grammar is the major problem possessed by students. Furthermore, teachers are expected to provide online corrective feedback for students in the Academic Writing course learning process.
SFL analysis: An investigation of students’ use of cohesive devices in exposition text
Authors: Rodliyah Rojab Siti , Liani Alfath Eka
Published: August 2022

The 2013 Indonesian Curriculum stipulates that one of the students’ basic competencies in the English subject is to produce an analytical exposition text. The students are required to write the text persuasively and cohesively. These requirements make them consider composing such a text as a challenging task. This study investigated students’ utilization of cohesive devices in writing analytical exposition texts and examined their inaccurate uses. It attempted to demonstrate the underlying issues that caused the inaccurate uses of cohesive devices and to seek the solutions. The study employed Qualitative Content Analysis (QCA) of six analytical exposition texts written by 11th grade students in Cimahi. They were collected using purposive sampling and were analyzed using Halliday and Hasan’s cohesion framework. This study revealed that lexical cohesion served as the most frequently used cohesive devices in the students’ texts followed by reference and conjunction. Inaccurate uses of cohesive devices were also found. Most of the reference and conjunction devices were misused, whilst repetition devices were redundantly utilized. These findings showed that although the students were skilful in presenting relevant supporting arguments and making their text personal, they still experienced confusion when utilizing cohesive devices. Therefore, teachers need to equip the students with adequate knowledge concerning text cohesiveness as well as to provide more practice and feedback to improve their skills in writing an analytical exposition text.
A writing workshop model to enhance students’ skills in writing essays in Sundanese
Authors: Kuswari Usep , Dallyono Ruswan
Published: August 2022

Writing is difficult. Having a limited understanding on what to write or the fear of getting grammar or spelling errors is often a major problem for students when they are instructed to write something, be it an essay or an article.  Such difficulties are respective for Sundanese language classes in West Java. The study reported in this paper aims to investigate a number of fundamental problems of writing in Sundanese classes at a Junior High School. The study seeks to address the problems in the area of teaching writing in Sundanese classes by providing a comprehensive picture of the practice of a writing workshop model in the selected class. The study is classroom action research taking place in a public Junior High School in West Java, specifically in a Sundanese language class. The participants of the study were 36 students of 9th grade (comprising 14 male students and 22 female students) in 2018-2019 academic years. There were 3 cycles involved in this action research implemented throughout a semester. The study revealed that the use of the writing workshop model in teaching writing in Sundanese could improve the students’ writing skills. The writing workshop model, which focused on personal analysis and peer-feedback in the essay writing process, facilitated 9th grade students in producing, evaluating, and presenting essays within their respective groups. A supportive social environment in groups allowed for students’ enjoyment in writing. This environment thus led students to be exposed to varied topics and linguistic expressions in multi-social contexts. This study suggests that there are potential benefits from implementing the writing workshop model in the practice of teaching writing. Therefore, language teachers are suggested that they should apply this model in their teaching of writing. Through this model, students will be more engaged in their writing classes and learn writing in more meaningful, fun, creative, and dialogic ways.
Mobile Belonging in Digital Exile: Methodological Reflection on Doing Ethnography on (Social) Media Practices
Authors: Bublatzky Cathrine
Published: August 2022

Life in exile presents hardship and brings with it multiple personal and socio-political challenges and grievances. Being forced into separation from family and home society often stimulates the desire to maintain belonging and contact with families and communities. “Co-presence” and “being there” require a lot of personal effort and commitment. Communication and mediation strategies have a special significance as everyday practices in social and digital media technologies. “Mobile belonging” and staying connected across various online and offline spaces and in various social and political environments and communities can be a constant requirement in digital exile. After an introduction to relevant literature about the complexity of media communication, belonging, and migration, the article examines mobile media technologies and the central role they play in everyday exile. Following a discussion about the notion of “digital exile” and “mobile belonging,” the second part of the article will focus on a specific case study of an Iranian artist and activist living in exile in Germany. It will show how (social) media promotes activism and performance in both online and offline public spaces as practices of “mobile belonging here and there” during the Covid-19 pandemic. Thirdly, the article will turn to a methodological reflection about doing ethnographic research on digital exile and practices of mobile belonging. With a systematic description of applied methods, early developments in multi-modal ethnography will be outlined that illustrate how collaboration and co-creation promise innovative directions for doing ethnography on digital exile in the different-yet-shared times of the pandemic crisis.
The spiritual nature of the word as a means of communication and creation in relationship with the category of truth
Authors:   Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University, Institute of Journalism, Petrenko Svitlana
Published: August 2022

This material is submitted for discussion on the pages of the journal. It has the status of a working version, a draft of a possible article, a preprint. Anyone can participate in the discussion by submitting their materials with a link to this material in the "Discussions" section of the following issues. The author of the same material, in the case of writing a scientific article, must make a reference to his material, which he submitted for discussion.The draft article is devoted to the conceptual and discursive analysis of the nature and properties of the word as a form of existence and communication of truth, revealing its communicative properties and interconnectedness with the category of truth in historiographical and biblical discourses. The spiritual nature of the Word, based on Truth, is aimed at creation, spiritual development and harmonization of society and the individual. Awareness of the creative and constructive nature of the Word and the ability to operate with the word at the level of its spiritual nature is an essential competence of a professional in social communications and socially responsible journalism.
Korobko V. I. Televiziyna dokumentalistyka yak ekranne vydovyshche. Retsenziya na dysertatsiyu [Korobko V.I. "Television Documentary as a Screen Spectacle". Dissertation review]
Authors:   Municipal Institution of Higher Education «Khortytsia National Educational Rehabilitation Academy» of Zaporizhzhia Regional Council, Bessarab Anastasiia
Published: August 2022

Review of the dissertation Korobko V. I. "Television Documentary as a screen spectacle " for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, defended at the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv
Analytical Validation and Stability Indicating Studies for Simultaneous Estimation of Serdexmethylphenidate and Dexmethylphenidate by RP-HPLC in Bulk and Capsules
Authors:   Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Anantapur, India, Mundarinti Sudheer Kumar Hathibelagal , Bannoth Chandrasekhar Kothapalli ,   Krishna University, India
Published: August 2022

A stability-indicating RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of Serdexmethylphenidate (SER) and Dexmethylphenidate (DEX) has been developed and validated in bulk and tablet dosage forms. SER and DEX are central nervous system stimulants. This combination is used to treat attention deficit hyperactive disorder. The chromatographic analysis was carried out on a Waters C18 Column with 250mm x 4.6 and a particle size of 5 μm, using an isocratic mobile phase of Phosphate Buffer pH 4.8: Methanol (70:30, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, and the eluents were monitored at an isosbestic point of 215 nm. Specificity, precision, accuracy, linearity, and robustness of the proposed method were all validated according to ICH standards. Forced degradation studies confirmed the method's stability indicating nature. SER and DEX had retention times of 2.390 and 4.602 min, respectively. The developed technique was found to be specific and accurate. SER linearity was achieved between 90-270 μg/mL, while DEX linearity was obtained between 17.50-52.50 μg/mL. SER had LOD and LOQ of 6.35 and 21.17 μg/mL, whereas DEX had LOD and LOQ of 1.18 and 3.93 μg/mL, respectively. As a result, the suggested HPLC method for the quantification of Serdexmethylphenidate (SER) and Dexmethylphenidate (DEX) was reliable, repeatable, accurate, and sensitive.
Efeitos da pandemia da COVID-19 sobre os aspectos biopsicossociais de universitários paraíbanos: estudo transversal
Authors: Sales Weslley Barbosa , Oliveira Allanna Stephany Cordeiro de , França Dimas Cícero Martins de , Mendes Heber Alves de Sousa , Vidal Giovanna Pontes , Tomaz Renata Ramos
Published: August 2022

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar os possíveis efeitos da pandemia de COVID-19 na percepção de aprendizagem, saúde mental e qualidade de vida de universitários da Paraíba, Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, quantitativo e analítico conduzido por meio das recomendações do STROBE. Os participantes do estudo demonstraram alta incidência de dificuldade no modelo de educação a distância (EaD) (71,5%), insatisfação com o curso (68,8%), dificuldades de aprendizagem (82,6%) e relataram não ter uma boa experiência de aprendizagem (82,6%). Também pode mostrar que mais da metade dos alunos (58,3%) obteve uma pontuação de 11,22 em seus níveis de ansiedade, o que resulta em um sinal de alerta para sintomas de ansiedade. Essa pesquisa pôde evidenciar que os aspectos acadêmicos de universitários na Paraíba sofreram impactos negativos significativos, esses achados podem estar associados com o declínio dos aspectos biopsicossociais associado à pandemia da COVID-19.
A modern view of green energy in the context of environmental safety
Authors: Spiridonov D. V.
Published: August 2022

This work is devoted to the analysis of modern trends in the development of green energy in Russia. In recent years, Russia has been making a lot of efforts to develop alternative energy, as the entire world community is currently focused on finding solutions to the problem of rational use of natural resources. But at the same time, the level of use of green energy in Russia is significantly inferior, for example, to China, a number of other European countries, which is primarily due to the vast territory of the country, as well as the imperfection of the technological base. The article will attempt to analyze the state of green energy in Russia and forecast the prospects for its development. Attention will be paid to the advantages and disadvantages of alternative energy sources and the technical capabilities of their production on the basis of Russian enterprises will be analyzed, as well as the experience of a number of foreign countries on the use of green energy will be touched upon.
Legal protection of the Earth’s ozone layer: international and national aspects
Authors: Bykovsky V. K.
Published: August 2022

The article substantiates the importance of protecting the ozone layer at the international level, since the efforts of individual States to limit the turnover of ozone-depleting substances at the national level are insufficient. The international legal regulation in this area is investigated, the need for the protection of the ozone layer at the international level is justified. In order to implement the norms of international law, it is also necessary to adopt appropriate legislation at the national level, in connection with which the article analyzes the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of ozone layer protection, conclusions are drawn on the topic of the study.

The purpose of the study is to analyze the international legal regime for the protection of the ozone layer, as well as to establish the adoption and operation of international legal acts for the protection of the ozone layer. The protection of the ozone layer is an important area of climate protection. The preservation of the ozone layer leads to an increase in resistance to climate change, which is especially relevant at the present time, contributes to the achievement of one of the priority goals related to a positive impact on the environment, established in the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated July 14, 2021 No. 1912-r “On the approval of the goals and main directions of sustainable (including green) development of the Russian Federation” — preservation, protection or improvement of the state of the environment.
Еnvironmental safety and the role of law in addressing environmental problems In Russian Federation
Authors: Grachkova J. L.
Published: August 2022

The problem of ensuring environmental security is vital for all states of the world. The new environmental threats that have emerged recently in Russia objectively require relevant approaches both in state practice and in the sphere of theoretical developments. The article defines the role and place of environmental security in the national security system of the country, some of the issues of environmental security of the state in the ecological crisis are discussed, and the issues of ecological culture are reflected. The article investigates and analyzes the main environmental problems, the role of law in resolving them. of ecologically disadvantaged areas, contamination of water bodies, poisoning or damage land by harmful products economic or other activities. The analysis of legal regulation the legal responsibility for the production and trafficking, including content, acquisition, storage, transportation, shipment and sale, the most valuable wildlife and of water biological resources, belonging to the species, included in the Red Book of the Russian Federation and (or) protected international treaties of the Russian Federation.
Elevated D-dimer is associated with severity of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yeasmin Tanzima , Jahan Hasna , Roy Molay
Published: August 2022

With the rapid increase of COVID-19 cases, identifying case severity has become a critical issue for hospital admission and intensive care treatment. Given that pre-existing comorbidities play a significant role in the severity, emerging evidence indicates coagulopathy becomes an independent condition that causes respiratory distress in COVID-19. In this metanalysis, relevant literatures reporting D-dimer, a coagulation byproduct, in COVID-19 cases were synthesized and statistically analyzed to test if the D-dimer level can predict case severity and mortality. The analysis found that D-dimer levels were higher in non-survivors/severe than in survivors/non-severe, (MD 0.64, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.75; participants = 5957, I2 = 98%). Subgroup analysis showed MD between non-survivors and survivors was MD 3.48 μg/mL (95% CI 2.69 to 4.27; participants = 1799; studies = 7; I2 = 86%) with Z-score 8.64, p<0.0001. In meta-regression, a significant correlation was observed between increased plasma mean D-dimer level with increased proportion case severity (P=0.046) and mortality (P=0.009). Overall, the study found that the D-dimer level index can be a predictor of risk for case severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients. The test is rapid and inexpensive and can help clinicians prioritize medical care other than deciding therapeutic options for clinical goals.
Case Report: COVID-19 With Spontaneous Pneumothorax, Pneumomediastinum and Subcutaneous Emphysema
Authors: Lucia Martínez-Hernández , Jung Choi , Gerardo Medina-García , Manuel Lorenzo-Silva , Claudia López-Enríquez , José Donís-Hernández
Published: August 2022

To date, few report cases of spontaneous pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema without any cause of trauma have been observed in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. We present a case of a 66-year-old male patient who developed such complication on day 19 of hospitalization, without requiring non-invasive or invasive ventilator. CT thorax scan revealed widespread bilateral ground glass opacities with pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, and subcutaneous emphysema, which were resolved totally on the following 29 days. We highlight preexisting mechanisms for pulmonary air-leak syndrome and importance of prompt recognition to establish adequate therapy in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.
Comparison of Spirometry and Impulse Oscillometry in Thai Childhood Asthma
Authors: Daengsuwan Tassalapa , Nilwalaikul On-anong
Published: August 2022

Background: Impulse oscillometry (IOS), a new respiratory impedance measurement, is increasing in its popularity as a means to assess airway resistance in young children. Its great advantage lies in its effortless and fast performance, making the airway obstruction measurement easier for patients who are not able to perform spirometry tests. However, studies comparing spirometry with IOS in Thai children are rare. Aims: To evaluate the correlation between IOS and spirometry parameters in Thai childhood asthma Methods: Vyntus IOS (JEAGER®, Germany) and spirometry tests (Vyntus SPIRO) were performed in 48 children, aged 5-15 years old, who fulfilled the GINA asthma criteria. The study, approved by the hospital’s ethics committee, was conducted between March 1, 2020 and March 31, 2021 at the Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health, Thailand. (TCTR20220527005) Results: Forty-eight childhood asthma patients with a median age of 10.79 (IQR = 8.41, 11.87) years underwent both IOS and spirometry measurements. Male sex was predominant (64.58%), and 77% of patients had well-controlled asthma (C-ACT score ≥20). In our study population, the atopic comorbidities were allergic rhinitis (91.67%), atopic dermatitis (10.42%) and food allergy (10.42%). Moreover, parental asthma was found in 16.67% of the participants. In comparison with spirometry, the percentage change of FEF25-75% was significantly negatively correlated with R5, R10, AX, and mean R5-R20 (r = -0.608, -0.528, -0.500, -0.511, respectively; p <0.001). Likewise, FEV1 was significantly negatively correlated with R15 and R20 (r = -0.520, -0.565, respectively; p <0.001). The linear regression prediction model demonstrated that a 30% increase in FEF25-75% was related to a 22.7% reduction in R5 (p = 0.007). Conclusion: The percentage change of FEF25-75% was found to negatively correlate in statistically significant terms with R5 in Thai childhood asthma. Hence, IOS is an effective and feasible replacement for spirometry as a measurement modality of lung function, especially in young children.
Impulse Oscillometry Parameters in Childhood Asthma, Childhood Obesity and Childhood Obesity with Asthma
Authors: Daengsuwan Tassalapa , Sangsawang Thitaya
Published: August 2022

Background: Monitoring of lung function is necessary to detect irreversible airway obstruction in both asthma and obesity. Impulse oscillometry (IOS), a novo non-invasive equipment, is increasing popularity to measure airway resistance in young children worldwide. Aims: To compare IOS parameters among Thai asthmatic children and Thai obese children with and without asthma. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 120 participants, aged 4-15 years old. Forty children were in each group (asthma, obesity, and obesity with asthma). All volunteers were consented to measure airway resistance by IOS technique (Jaeger, Germany). Results: Seventy-three percent of patients were male with the mean age at 8.8 + 2.61 years old. Mean X5 was found normal in childhood obesity (-0.13) when compared to children with asthma (-0.23) and obesity with asthma (-0.19) (p < 0.001 and 0.013 respectively). The cut-off value of X5, according to ROC curve, for predicting asthma in obese patients was -0.16 kPa/L/s with 70% sensitivity, 70% specificity and 70% accuracy (AUC= 0.69). However, with the bronchodilator effect (adjusted by duration of asthma control), we found significant higher percentage change of IOS parameters, including resonant frequency, area of reactance and R5-R20, in asthma (Fres -24.57 + 15.82, AX -58.28 + 13.37, R5-R20 -51.32 + 20.13) than in asthma with obesity (Fres -13.77 + 16.42, AX -43.35 + 21.4, R5-R20 -34.72 + 18.21), (p = 0.014, 0.004, 0.002 respectively). Conclusions: X5 and percentage changes after bronchodilator of Fres, AX, and R5-R20 are useful parameters to differentiate airway dysfunction in asthmatic children from obese children.
Twenty-Four Hour and One-Week Steady State Pharmacokinetics of Cannabinoids in Two Formulations of Cannabidiol and Cannabidiolic Acid Rich Hemp in Dogs
Authors: Tittle David , Wakshlag Joseph , Schwark Wayne , Lyubimov Alex , Zakharov Alexander , Gomez Beatriz
Published: August 2022

The aim of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetics of a cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabidiolic acid-rich (CBDA) hemp extract in a sesame oil base and a soft gel capsule formulation. During acute twenty-four hour pharmacokinetic evaluation, maximum serum concentration (Cmax) was higher for all measurable components in the serum (CBD, CBDA, Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol [THC] and tetrahydrocannabinolic acid [THCA]) following soft gel administration versus the oil formulation. Similar times of maximal serum concentration (Tmax) were observed with both presentations. Based on the area under the curve, a significant increase in CBDA absorption was observed following soft gel dosing. Whilst comparable, the steady state pharmacokinetic data after one week of twice daily dosing shows an increased concentration of CBDA, with a slightly lower CBD concentration with soft gel administration compared to oil. Although THC and THCA concentrations remain comparably low from both presentations, THCA absorption was superior regardless of formulation. When examining acceptance, soft gels are associated with increased palatability and less rejection of oral dosing with oil. Dogs, and potentially even people, may show increasing tolerance to this soft gel formulation; as such consideration should be given to the ease of administration and superior CBDA absorption with the use of a soft gel formulation of a CBD/CBDA hemp blend.
MD Cycle Threshold and SARS-CoV-2 Infectivity
Authors: Raveh Yehuda , Nicolau-Raducu Ramona
Published: August 2022

The ability of the cycle threshold to inform the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive individuals remains controversial. Berengua et al. have recently reported that in immunocompetent individuals SARS-CoV-2 infectivity lasts < 15 days and that Ct value > 27 indicates low probability for infectivity. This important study, however, comes with several caveats. The authors performed a single cell culture for each sample. Additionally, cycle threshold values and corresponding viral loads differ between variants. During the study period at least four strains were prevalent in Europe, yet the authors do not provide information regarding the isolated strains. Lastly, this hospital-based study seems to involve sampling bias. The findings of Berengua et al. may be leveraged to guide clinical decision in SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive convalescing candidates for organ donation or transplantation.
Current awareness and knowledge of olive oil
Authors: Elkhateeb Waill Ahmed , Noor Amtul , Rashid Abid , Bilal Aamir , Musharaf Ghulam , Akram Muhammad , Zafar Kainat , Daba Ghoson
Published: August 2022

The olive tree is an unpredictable formed tree, which grows up to 10 m in stature. The olive leaves are inverse and elongated molded. The leaves are dim green above and gleaming beneath. The white and relatively little olive blossoms are shaped on a year ago's wood. The run of the mill natural products or olives are ovoid formed and regularly pointed. This study aimed to see if health signals influenced consumers' decisions of olive oil with varying levels of information about the oil's beneficial characteristics. In order to accomplish this, a direct poll on the use of olive oil was conducted by looking at the expressed preferences of a sample of users. Two economically measured examinations were conducted to determine the factors that influence the use of high-polyphenol olive oil. Furthermore, the data demonstrate that varying levels of personal knowledge have a role in shaping olive oil customers' health perceptions. Finally, this study confirmed that consumers' selections are heavily influenced by their sense of self-coherence, even with healthful foods. As a result, different reasons and traits impact customers' knowledge or beliefs that shape their attitudes.
Formulation of herbal ointment for assessment of wound healing activity from leaves
Authors: Shaikh Shoheb Shakil
Published: August 2022

has been extensively used as a nutrient herb in traditional Vietnamese remedies for the treatment of various diseases. (Wild.) are widely used plants in Asian folk and traditional medicines. In the present study, we have tried to find out the Phytoconstituents, wound healing activity of the Ethanolic extracts of these plants. It’s been showed that totally different a part of Launaea sarmentosa species as well as leaves, flowers, seed, root, and aerial half possess ethno botanic values could be a crawl herb, native to coastal areas in India, Africa (east coast, Mauritius, and South Asia etc.
Method development and validation of ibuprofen obtained from the extraction of bougainvillea campanulata flowers by UV spectrophotometry, FTIR and TLC method
Authors: Paul Pradip , Monika A
Published: August 2022

The present study was aimed to develop and validate a simple, accurate, precise, reproducible UV-Visible spectrophotometric method and FTIR for the estimation of Ibuprofen present in extract. The solvent used in the experiment was m. Absorption maximum (λmax) of the drug was found to be 264 nm. The Beer’s law was obeyed in the range of 100-500 μg/ml. The method was shown linear in the mentioned concentrations having line equation y = 0.000023x with correlation coefficient r of 1 The amount of ibuprofen present in the extract was found to be 7 ug/ml. The recovery values for ibuprofen present in Bougainvillea Campanulata flowers extract ranged from 85.9%-87.6%. The percent relative standard deviation (RSD %) of interday precision was 51.35 % and intraday precision was 42.95 %. The limit of detection and limit of quantification was 0.9 μg/mL and 2.7 μg/mL. The percent relative standard deviation of robustness of the method was 37.43-45.86. Hence, proposed method was precise, accurate and cost effective. This method could be applicable for quantitative determination of the methanol present in Bougainvillea flowers extract.
Hexaconazole poisoning - An uncommon poisoning incidence in rural tertiary care and our experience
Authors: Shetti Akshaya N , Patel Dixitkumar D , Singla Bhavika
Published: August 2022

Acute pesticide poisoning is a very common in rural India. The pesticides used in the agriculture are major contributors in poisoning either intentiaonal or accidental. Poisoning itself is a major global concern. Hexaconazole is not as common poison in India and very few cases are reports. We report a rare case of hexaconazole poisoning and its successful management in rural tertiary care unit.
The Effect of a Crisis on Trust and Willingness to Reform: Evidence from Survey Panels in Argentina and Uruguay
Authors: Bonvecchi Alejandro , Calvo Ernesto , Otálvaro-Ramírez Susana , Scartascini Carlos
Published: August 2022

Does exposure to crises reduce the citizens trust in a countrys president? Are individuals willing to accept fiscal reforms and make personal economic sacrifices if it would help the country to leave the crisis faster? We take advantage of two survey panels in Argentina and Uruguay, with a first wave fielded before COVID-19 (the crisis studied here) and a second wave a year later during the pandemic. Results provide no evidence of a decline in trust after the individual's health was compromised by COVID-19. We find mixed evidence of support for higher personal sacrifices. These results are relevant for understanding how voters' experience with COVID affects their trust in the government and whether crises could be prudent times for reforms. The results highlight the importance of having multi-country panel data for evaluating the impact of crises on trust.