bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on the Revision and Application of the Paper Surface Efficiency Formula
Authors: Yang Yong Gang , Hou Qing Xi , Cao Zhen Lei , Liu Quan Xiao
Published: November 2010

Paper surface efficiency (PSE), a paper property integrating gloss and absorbency, can be used to evaluate color reproduction after the interaction of paper and ink. But it was shown that the color reproduction was still related to paper whiteness in practice. So it is important to amend the PSE formula. In this paper, an assumed PSE formula which integrates gloss, whiteness and ink absorbency is firstly presented, and according to experimental data, it can be well forecasted that the change of these principal paper properties would affect color reproduction result via the new PSE formula. The data connection between the assumed and new PSE formula and ink color reproduction based the description of photo-density measurement and chromatic one was studied subsequently. The results showed that photo-density measurement was simpler and more practical than chromatic measurement.
Four Materials as Carriers for Phosphate Dissolving Rhizobium Sp. Inoculants
Authors: Li Jian Feng , Zhang Shu Qing , Shi Shang Li , Huo Ping Hui
Published: November 2010

As the most commonly used carrier for commercial inoculants, the development of peat has been limited because peat is a material of nonrenewable resource. Many other materials have been evaluated as alternatives to peat as carriers of rhizobia, yet seldom have been included in inoculants of phosphate dissolving rhizobia. As accessible and inexpensive carriers for rhizobial inoculants, corn stalk powder, loessal soil and vermiculite powder were used in the study to compare with peat carrier on the capacities of rhizobial solution absorption, pH value maintaining of microenvironment, viable rhizobial cells maintaining and the control of contamination. Completely randomized design and 4 replicates were used in the experiment. Twelve different compositions of selected inoculant carrier with different absorption volumes of rhizobial suspension, and were evaluated the ability of maintaining viable rhizobial cells and undesired microbes during the period of 120 days at room temperature. Thereafter, pH value, viable rhizobial cell number and undesired microbes of inoculants with selected absorption volume of rhizobial suspension that stored at 4 and room temperature respectively, after 1a storage, were evaluated. Viable rhizobial cells in inoculants were examined after 120d and 1a storage by plate counting method, and ratio of undesirable microbes was examined by antibiotic-carrying and normal plates counting method. The result indicated that: for a period of 120days at room temperature, maximum viable rhizobial cells were found in peat, vermiculite powder, corn stalk powder and loessal soil based inoculants when the absorption volume of rhizobial suspension of inoculants were 450, 500, 1000 and 200ml/kg, respectively; viable rhizobial cell numbers were better maintained in corn stalk powder than in peat, loessal soil and vermiculite, but undesired microbes contamination was a severe problem. In the study, viable rhizobial cell numbers in loessal soil was found the highest, followed by peat, while the most serious contamination was found in peat inoculants; corn stalk powder and vermiculite could not be used as inoculant carrier because fewer viable rhizobial cells existed in these inoculants. The greatest pH change was found in peat and loessal soil based inoculants during 1a storage because of enhanced acidification caused by metabolism of phosphate dissolving rhizobia; more viable rhizobial cells were found in the 4 carriers that stored at 4 than at room temperature after 1a storage. As carriers of phosphate dissolving Rhizobium inoculants, viable rhizobial cells of corn stalk powder after short time storage (120d) and of loessal soil after long time storage (1a) were found better than that of peat, and was also found more cost effective compared with peat, commercially. Both of the two carriers could be used as inoculant carriers at room temperature, but corn stalk powder could only be used as carrier with short shelf life.
Life Cycle Assessment of the Bio-Hydrometallurgical Process of Recycling Copper from Printed Circuit Boards Scraps
Authors: Zhang Cheng Long , Wang Jing Wei , Bai Jian Feng , Wu Wen Jie
Published: November 2010

Recently, a few studies have been undertaken for the extracting of metallic copper from electronic scrap/printed circuit boards by bioleaching - solvent extraction-electrowinning. Results of the present investigation indicate that bioleaching-solvent extraction-electrowinning could be a new cleaner hydrometallurgy route for recovery copper from the PCBs.The life cycle assessment method was used to investigate the environmental impacts of the new biohydrometallurgical process of production of metallic copper. The energy consumption，greenhouse effect，acidification in the new processes is studied and compared. The results indicate that the environmental impacts of bioleaching - solvent extraction-electrowinning technology is less than the conventional mechanical-pyrometallurgical processes and pyrometallurgical processes.
Grinding Fluid Flow Field Modeling and Multi-Parameter Numerical Analysis Based on Smooth Model
Authors: Meng Guang Yao , Tan Ji Wen , Cui Yi
Published: November 2010

Relative motion between grinding wheel and workpiece makes the lubricant film pressure formed by grinding fluid in the grinding area increase, consequently, dynamic pressure lubrication forms. The grinding fluid flow field mathematical model in smooth grinding area is established based on lubrication theory. The dynamic pressure of grinding fluid field, flow velocity and carrying capacity of lubricating film are calculated by the numerical analysis method. An analysis of effect of grinding fluid hydrodynamic on the total lifting force is performed, and the results are obtained.
Simulation on the Combustion Property of Blast-Furnace Gas Engine by GT-POWER
Authors: Liu Yong Qi , Wang Xiao Yan , Zhu Guang Fei , Liu Rui Xiang , Gao Zhen Qiang
Published: November 2010

Blast-furnace gas produced from the process of iron making effectively can be used as fuel for engines to generate electricity for most middle and small steel enterprises. The effects of different component of blast-furnace gas, compressive ratio and ignition timing on combustion property of blast-furnace gas are simulated by GT-POWER software in this paper. The results show that flame speed and combustion rate will increase with the proportion of carbon monoxide and hydrogen increasing. There will be an optimized compression ratio value, under which the burning velocity is maximum. Within a certain scope, increasing ignition timing angle appropriately can improve property of combustion. A comparison of simulation and experiment result shows that the predictions give good results. All these results can help to optimize the parameters that affect the combustion, and provide certain reference for the further study blast-furnace gas engine.
The Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System for Plate Leveler Based on Multi-Fieldbus
Authors: Hu Ying , Huang Qing Xue , Hao Xiao Hong , Jin Shao Zhen
Published: November 2010

To improve the quality of the steel plate, The No.2 Roll Mill of Wuyang Iron and Steel Company has adopted the hydraulic reversible 11 rolls leveler developed by Taiyuan University of Science and Technology and the Taiyuan Heavy Industry Co., Ltd. The machine uses a number of advanced technologies and new equipments. For example, this plate leveler uses the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition system, including the main operator station, the monitoring station, engineer station, etc.It also adopts Oracle 10G database system and HP 380 Server clusters to realize the management function of technical data acquisition and analysis. It is able to complete the real-time data acquisition, data analysis, model calculation and self –learning function.
Grey Relational Analysis between Particle Size Distribution of Power Storage Porous Ceramsite and Thermal Conductivity of PCM Gypsum Board
Authors: Wu Cheng Bao , Yang Yu Fen , Zhu Sheng Xiao , Ren Xiao Ling , Zhao Fu Tao
Published: November 2010

Phase change materials (PCMs) can be incorporated with building materials to obtain novel form-stable composite PCM which has effective energy storage performance in latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) systems. In this study, the PCM gypsum boards were prepared by mixing the gypsum with the power storage composite prepared by mixing with the paraffin as latent heat storage material, porous ceramsite skeleton with different particle size distribution (PSD) as adsorption matrix, and sodium alginate as reaction material. The PSD of power storage porous ceramsite were obtained by using digital camera and image process software, and the conductivity factor of PCM gypsum boards were measured by heat test machine. The directed grey relational grades between the PSD and the conductivity factor were calculated by means of grey relational rule in order to investigate the influence of PSD on the conductivity property of PCM gypsum boards. The results indicated that the porous ceramsite with size ranging from 0 to 3.0 mm could enhance the conductivity property of PCM gypsum board slightly, the porous ceramsite with size in a range from 3.0 to 14.0 mm, especially those with size range from 3.0 to 4.0 mm could obviously weaken the conductivety property of PCM gypsum board.
Hydrometallurgical Treatment of Low Grade Zinc Oxide Ore
Authors: Yang Jin Lin , Ma Shao Jian , Liu Ping , Wang Gui Fang , Su Xiu Juan , Mo Wei
Published: November 2010

In this research, a leaching study was carried out to assess the effect of several parameters on zinc extraction in a low grade complex zinc oxide ore in which the grade of Zn is 13 wt.%, and 52.8% of Zn is contained in siderite, 34.63% in limonite and 11.55% in smithsonite. The influencing parameters investigated include sulfuric acid concentration, reaction temperature, reaction time and liquid to solid ratio (L/S). The results show that over 90% of Zn can be extracted from the low grade complex zinc oxide ore when the leaching process is operated in 2M sulfuric acid at 60°C for 2.5h with a liquid to solid ratio of 6:1.
Research on Performance of the Modified Asphalt by Diatomite-Cellulose Composite
Authors: Sun Yong Sheng , Chen Xiao Long , Han Yue Xin , Zhang Bin
Published: November 2010

The diatomite-cellulose composite (DCC) was used to modified asphalt for pavement in the study, and then the high temperature performance, low temperature performance and temperature susceptibility of asphalt were studied. The results showed that these performances of asphalt were all improved after modified by DCC, and the performance of modified asphalt significantly associated with the ash content of DCC, and H-3 DCC was the best. The performance of modified asphalt by DCC was obviously better than using diatomite and cellulose directly. The improving properties of modified asphalt by DCC were caused by synergistic effect of diatomite and cellulose.
Shear Flocculation and Flotation of Hematite
Authors: Su Xing Guo , Li Yan Jun , Liu Jie , Yuan Hong Qian , Wanɡ Ze Honɡ , Xu Xiao Ge
Published: November 2010

Sodium alkylsulfonate as collector was used to float hematite by shear flocculation flotation. The effect of the particle size, pulp pH, depressor, shearing strength and shearing time on shear flocculation flotation for hematite was investigated. And the main mechanism of shear flocculation flotation for hematite was analysed and studied by means of interface double layer theory, DLVO and EDLVO theory, shear flocculation theory and basic principles of collision theory. The results show that on the condition of collector usage 4 kg/t, pH of pulp 3, grinding fineness(-0.037mm) 90%, conditioning time 2min, shearing strength 2000r/min and shearing time 7min, the higher iron recovery of 92.4% is obtained. And induced hydrophobic hematite is formed by means of sodium alkylsulfonate and then collision probability of fine hematite is increased to make hydrophobic particles overcome potential barrier and form hydrophobic flocs by direct contact under stirring intensively.
Study on Microstructure Variation Laws of Al-Pillared Montmorillonite
Authors: Wang Gui Fang , Lu Xian Jun , Zhang Shuai , Ma Shao Jian , Qiu Jun , Yang Jin Lin
Published: November 2010

Al3+/clay ratio is one of the important factors influencing microstructure of Al-pillared montmorillonite. Microstructure variation laws of Al-pillared montmorillonite prepared under the condition of different Al3+/clay ratio are systematically studied by XRD, FTIR, specific surface area and pore size analysis. The results show that the interlayer spacing and BET specific surface area of Al-pillared montmorillonite are remarkably affected by the Al3+/clay ratio. The interlayer spacing d(001) value and BET specific surface area of Al-pillared montmorillonite increase firstly and then decrease with the increases of the Al3+/clay ratio, and they reach to maximum when the Al3+/clay ratio is 10mmol/g. Besides, the BJH porous volume distribution of Al-pillared montmorillonite is the most probable distribution, and the most probable pore size is about 2 nm, which is attributed to mesopore. The porous structure of hydroxy-Al pillared montmorillonite is characterized as parallel plate slit or “house-of-cards” wedge-shaped pore which is formed by novel meso-microporous delaminated structure and fragments. With the increase of the Al3+/clay ratio, BJH total porous volume and mesoporous volume of hydroxy-Al pillared montmorillonite decreases, while the proportion of microporous volume in the total porous volume increases. The proportion of microporous specific surface area of all the hydroxy-Al pillared montmorillonite samples is about 62% and is much larger than that of Na-M and those of mesopore and macropore, indicating the main action of intercalation of hydroxy-Al pillaring solution into montmorillonite interlayer is to increase the micropore amount.
The Influence of Additives on Evenness Degree and Particle Size of Nanometer Calcium Carbonate
Authors: Bai Li Mei , Han Yue Xin , Xiao Rui , Hui Jing Xing
Published: November 2010

Nano calcium carbonate (CaCO3) of good evenness and narrow particle size range were synthesized by controlling conditions and adding agents to improve the evenness and reduce particle surface strength. It was shown that the evenness degree was improved by all additives used, and the particle size was decreased only by additive B. The organic additive A had some influence on the evenness degree and the particle size, but they couldn’t be improved at the same time. The inorganic additive C and D could improve the evenness degree, but couldn’t make the particle size better. The inorganic additive B played a important role in the evenness degree and the particle size, and the nanometer CaCO3 whose size was 19.6nm and the evenness degree was 3.4 could be gained at 0.6 wt.% calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) using B as additive.
The Research on the Performance of Asphalt Mastics Modified by Mineral Fillers
Authors: Chen Xiao Long , Sun Yong Sheng , Han Yue Xin , Zhang Bin
Published: November 2010

For a long time, the mineral additive was regarded as inert filler which had no reaction with the asphalt, so does the concrete mix. But some research conducted in the recent year proved that was not the case. In this study, four types of mineral materials (diatomite, kaolin (China Clay), Na-bentonite and Ca-bentonite) were selected out to investigate their effect on the asphalt mastics. The high temperature performance, low temperature performance and the temperature susceptibility of the asphalt mastics were evaluated. The result showed the diatomite rank first of the four minerals. The porous structure, huge specific area, mineralogical surface characteristic and the irregularity might be the reason for its positive effect. The bentonite, especially Na-bentonite is unfavorable to the asphalt modification.
Effects of Heat-Treatment on the Magnetic Properties of Fe2O3-CaO-SiO2 Glass Ceramics
Authors: Han Ye , Gu Ming , Zhang Wei Wei , Yao Shu Yu
Published: November 2010

The Fe2O3-CaO-SiO2 glass ceramics were prepared by the method of quenching and controlled crystallisation. Differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffractometry and vibrating sample magnetometer were used to study the crystallisation and magnetic properties of Fe2O3-CaO-SiO2 glass ceramics. It was concluded that the main crystalline phases of glass ceramics during the process were Hematite, Iron Silico Oxide and Hedenbergite. The saturation magnetisation values (Ms) of glass ceramics varied between 108 emu•g-1 and 147 emu•g-1. The crystallisation of Hedenbergite lead to the high Hc value (~2000Oe).
Enhanced Adsorption of Dimethyl Sulfide by Micronized Carbonaceous Adsorbent
Authors: Wang Ming , Huang Zheng Hong , Kang Fei Yu , Gai Guo Sheng
Published: November 2010

This study was focused on investigation of the adsorption property of micronized carbonaceous adsorbent for odorant dimethyl sulfide. Adsorption experiments were also conducted for the adsorption of dimethyl sulfide by chemically-modified carbonaceous adsorbent for comparison. It was shown that the adsorption capacity of micronized carbonaceous adsorbent increased by 94% compared with pristine powdered activated carbons (PACs), and increased by 42% compared with chemically-modified PACs. The micronized carbon demonstrated not only an enhanced adsorption performance for dimethyl sulfide, but also an environmentally-friendly adsorbent without secondary pollution.
Damage Distribution of High Purity Aluminum under the Impact Loading
Authors: Fan Duan , Qi Mei Lan , He Hong Liang
Published: November 2010

Knowledge of damage distribution is important and essential for understanding the dynamic failure behavior of solid material under the high velocity impact. For the High Purity Aluminum (99.999%), disk sample was shock impacted by a light gun and its damage distribution has been carefully characterized. The recovered sample was cut symmetrically along the impact direction and the damage on the cross section has been statistically studied. Unlike the previous work as Lynn Seaman et al. reported, a new computation treatment has been established in terms of the Schwartz-Saltykov method, which gives an easy and simple transformation from the two-dimensional size distribution to three-dimensional size distribution. We demonstrated the variation of damage distribution of High Purity Aluminum under different dynamic tensile loading, and discussed the damage evolution characteristics associated with the micro-voids nucleation, growth and coalescence. Results provide physical basis for the theoretical modeling and numerical simulation of spall fracture.
Performance Study of a Wood Solar Drying Device with Latent Heat Storage System
Authors: Feng Xiao Jiang , He Zheng Bin , Yi Song Lin
Published: November 2010

Wood drying is one of the most important process links in wood products processing and it consumes roughly 40%~70% of the total energy in the entire process. The performance of a mobile wood solar drying device with latent heat storage system was tested in this paper. The test results showed that the average power of collector system was 0.572kW and thermal efficiency was 56%, which was higher than that of the flat-plate collector. Energy storage efficiency came to 66% and energy storage density was 54.5 MJ/m3. Compared with the steam drying, energy-saving effect of solar drying increased significantly. The energy saving rate was 71.2%. Additionally, the drying device could accurately control the temperature, so it could better accomplish various drying process.
Modified Biopolymer Scaffolds by Co-Axial Electrospinning
Authors: Zhang H.B. , Zhu Ming , You R.Q.
Published: November 2010

Most of the synthetic biodegradable polymers are hydrophobic and lack of bioactivity. In contrast, native polymers, such as starch are bioactive and hydrophilic, but starch alone cannot be processed easily. In this paper, the PLGA fibers were modified with starch using coaxial electrospinning to improve its hydrophilicity and biocompatibility. To observe the bioactivity changes of the composite fibers, the fibers were submerged in the SBF for one week. Meanwhile, degradation rate of fibers was tested in PBS. Results showed that the hydrophilicity and degradation rate of fibers were improved after adding starch into the PLGA fibers.
Shock Enhancement of Aluminum Foam under Impact Loading Using FEM Simulations
Authors: Xiang Xin Mei , Li Yu Long , Suo Tao , Hou Bing
Published: November 2010

The compressive behaviors of aluminum foam under impact loading are investigated using FEM simulations. The plastic deformation takes place locally and an enhancement of force occurs at the impact end of the samples. By further investigation, this shock enhancement is found decreasing with relative density, but increasing with impact velocity. We also estimate the shock wave velocity. It is found that shock wave velocity increases significantly with impact velocity, but changes slightly with relative density. It is noted that the influence of the sample length on both the shock enhancement and the shock wave velocity is negligible. Finally, the relations of shock enhancement and shock wave velocity with impact velocity are obtained.
Synthesis and Characterization of Sugar-Bearing Chitosan Derivatives as a Scaffold for Nitric Oxide Release
Authors: Sun Yan , Liu Yong
Published: November 2010

These new synthesized diazeniumdiolates obtained from D-gluconic acid-bearing chitosan derivatives (SBC) with different molecular weight (280 kDa and 880 KDa) and D-gluconic acid-bearing O-carboxymethyl chitosan derivatives (880 KDa) (SBCS) were used as the NO donor species. Compared with SBC with much higher molecular weight (880 KDa), the SBC with the lower molecular weight (280 kDa) exhibited a high storage capacity for NO (up to 408 nmol NO/mg), greatly increasing the “payload” of released NO with the molecular weight of SBC decreasing. The NO release durations (0.326 h) observed for secondary amine on the SBC with the lower molecular weight (280 kDa) were slightly higher than that of SBC diazeniumliolates with the higher molecular weight (880 kDa), which was only 0.294h. The release duration of SBCS-NO adducts (0.381h) was obviously longer than that of SBC-NO adducts, when they have the same molecular weight (880 kDa).
Preparation of Ta-Nb Alloy Powder by Electro-deoxidation of Ta2O5/Nb2O5 Mixture in a CaCl2-NaCl Eutectic Melt
Authors: Xu Qian , Schwandt Carsten , Fray Derek J.
Published: November 2010

Powders of tantalum, niobium and an alloy thereof have been prepared by the electro-deoxidation of their oxide precursors in a eutectic melt of CaCl2-NaCl at 1098 K. The reduced products were characterised by X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and quantitative oxygen analysis. All metallic materials were of high purity and had porous nodular microstructures. The alloy powders were single phase, with a relatively wide particle size distribution and some variation in the local Ta-to-Nb ratio. The oxygen contents of the products were below 5000 ppm by mass.
Process Characteristics Study of Organic Wastewater Treated by Two-Phase Anaerobic Biotechnology
Authors: Li Dong Wei , Zhang Shao Jian
Published: November 2010

The performance of two-phase anaerobic in a laboratory-scale operating on traditional Chinese pharmaceutical industry wastewater at various hydraulic retention times was investigated. The wastewater with high pollutant concentration in reactor designed based on two-phase anaerobic principles was analyzed with GC-MS. The effect of controlling the pH of the methanogonic phase of traditional Chinese pharmaceutical industry wastewater digestion on the biogas production rate and pollution potential reduction was also investigated. The reactor was designed to act as a liquid-solid separator, in order to maximize the microbial mass in it, and was operated at different hydraulic retention times. It operated as a two-phase reactor when the pH of the wastewater was controlled in the methanogenic phase. The results of experiment indicate that acidifier discomposes compounds composed of big molecule were degraded into small acid molecule which is more subject to biochemical treatment, and after the final treatment of reactor producing methane, species and contents of compound contained in treated wastewater are obviously reduced.
The Design of Giant Magnetostrictive Flow Valve and its COMSOL Simulation
Authors: Chen Pei , Lu Quan Guo , Chen Ding Fang , Chen Kun
Published: November 2010

By combining magnetostrictive actuator with flow valve directly, the flow was precisely controlled due to magnetic materials’ properties of fast response (less than 1μs)and large magnetostrictive strain (up to 1500ppm). The structure was designed based on this theory, and the flow - displacement model of valve was established by analyzing the size of the valve opening in different incentive current. The flow field was analyzed through multi-physics analysis software COMSOL. Simulation results showed that, the continuous adjustment and precision control were realized in a certain range of flow in the valve. Therefore, it could not only adjust the flow in micro amount directly, but also can be a pilot valve for high frequency precision large flow valve.
A Novel Amperometric Immunosensor Based on Thionine/DNA Self-Assembled Multilayers on Carbon Nanotubes Modified Glass Carbon Electrode
Authors: Jia Li Yong , Gan Ning , Zheng Lei , Wang Qian
Published: November 2010

A novel amperometric immunosensor for the determination of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was constructed using multi-wall carbon nanotubes modified glass carbon electrode.thionine as the mediator,were immobilized by DNA throngh the layer-by-layer method. Thionine was first fabricated on carbon nanotubes modified glass carbon throngh 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide(EDC/NHS).then a negatively charged DNA film was absorbed on the positively charged thionine,and the DNA was uesd as cross-linker to immobiled amount thionine.nano-Au-was used to immobilized anti-AFP.The electrochemical sensor have a relatively low detection limit of 0.02ng/ml.
Honeycomb Paperboard Pack—Green & Low Carbon Packaging Solution for Home Appliance
Authors: Xiang Hong , Wang Wen Ming
Published: November 2010

Globe warming caused by Green House Gas emissions has been threatening human life and development, and the CO2 emission associated with production and use of packaging plays an important role in atmospheric greenhouse effect. The carbon footprints of both plastic-based packaging and honeycomb paperboard were studied in this article, and two typical examples of green & low carbon packaging solution for Haier air condition and automatic washing machine were illustrated respectively in conclusion. The analytical results indicated that the paper packaging material can not only reduce carbon dioxide emission dramatically, but is also a technical way for carbon storage. Therefore, replacement of plastic-based cushion packaging with honeycomb paperboard material is a green and low carbon development road with which it can provide a feasible and technical solution with environment protection, material saving and GHG emission reduction for packaging industry.
Ageing Embrittlement of 15Cr1Mo1V Steel Welded Joints Evaluated by Small Punch Test
Authors: Yao Yu Hong , Wei Jian Feng , Liu Jiang Nan , Wang Zheng Pin , Jin Yao Hua
Published: November 2010

The microstructure and property of 15Cr1Mo1V steel welded joints after 70,000h service have been researched by OM, SEM, Vickers hardness test and small punch test (SPT). The microstructure of 15Cr1Mo1V steel welded joints after service became coarse and the grain boundary became vague. More carbide particles were observed in welded joints after service. The microhardness gradient curve of 15Cr1Mo1V steel welded joints before service was higher than that after service. The SPT properties gradient curves, including yield strength gradient curve and tensile strength gradient curve by SPT, had the same shape and trend as the microhardness gradient curve before and after service. The SEM fracture appearance of SPT specimens was the characteristic of ductile fracture, irrespectively of before or after service, though the dimple size was a little bit big and deep before service and some cluster particles were observed after service for the ripening of carbides.
Study on H2S Corrosion Resistance of L245/825 Lined Steel Pipe Welding Gap
Authors: Zeng De Zhi , Lin Yuan Hua , Zhu Da Jiang , Zhu Hong Jun , Gu Tan , Huang Li Ming , Shi Tai He
Published: November 2010

The exploitation of high acid wells is facing severe corrosion challenges in the A and B gas fields in Sichuan, thus using lined steel pipe is a reliable and cost-effective anti-corrosion measure. However, lined steel pipe welding involves dissimilar steel welding, and anti-corrosion performances will be affected if the welding process is unreasonable. So it is necessary to make evaluation for corrosion of lined steel pipe. In this paper, taking welding gap of L245/825 lined steel pipe as example, the anti-SSC performances of L245/825 straight and ring welding gaps in NACE A solution were studied by CR method, and anti-cracking performances of them were evaluated by laboratory experiments. Then corrosion performances of L245/825 lined steel pipe welding gaps and L360NCS carbon steel were studied in the corrosive environment found in the Tian Dong 5-1 high sour gas well. Laboratory and field tests show that straight and ring welding gaps of L245/825 lined steel pipe have good anti-environment and anti-cracking performances of electrochemical corrosion in the high acid environment. The technology of welding process selected in the paper is reliable. Research results provide references for welding operation of L245/825 lined steel pipe in high sour gas fields.
The Research of Flexible Solar Cells for Application in Solar Roof
Authors: Lei Jin Song , Zhang Zhao Qiang , Yao Yong
Published: November 2010

In this paper, we report the deposition of nano-crystalline silicon flexible solar cells on stainless steel (SS) substrates for application in solar roof. The influence of substrate treatment on the properties of material and the solar cells was studied by Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, current-voltage (I-V), and Quantum efficiency (QE) measurements. Results suggest that the properties of the Si:H thin films and solar cells were greatly improved by the substrate treatment with surface polishing and the followed Ag/ZnO electrodes deposition.
Study on the Thermoconductivity Properties and Mechanism of Boron-Containing Slag
Authors: Zhan Hong Ren , Fan Zhan Guo , Jiang Xiao Fen , Li Jie , Jiang Tao
Published: November 2010

. In the range of 1200°C to 1500°C, the transient hot-wire method was applied to measure the thermoconductivity of boron-containing slag, and the characteristics relationship of thermoconductivity with temperature was obtained. The thermoconductivity decreased rapidly with the elevation of temperature in the concerned temperature zone. The effect of thermoconductivity from compositions was obtained in the concerned temperature zone. The thermoconductivity increased with the increase of component of SiO2 and MgO. This is in favor of realization of quick cooling and increasing efficiencies of extraction of boron. This study not only provides an important properties parameter for the integrated utilization of boron-containing slag and helps to understand the conductivity mechanism of boron-containing slag, but also has a reference significance and practical value about the development of heat conduction theory in silicate system.
Chemical Bond and Property of TiB2/Cu Composite and Doped Series
Authors: Min Xin Min , Liu Hong Fei
Published: November 2010

The related single phases, composites of TiB2/Cu and doped with Fe or Mo series were calculated by the density function and discrete variational method (DFT-DVM) to study the relation among electronic structure, chemical bond and properties. When Fe or Mo is doped into composite, the ionic and covalent bond become stronger, and the interaction between Cu and TiB2 phases also becomes stronger. The influence of doping Mo is more obvious than that of doping Fe. The results are consistent with the experiment that additives of Mo and Fe can improve preparation of TiB2/Cu composite, and effect of additive of Mo is more obvious than that of Fe.
Effects of Polyaniline Doped by Different Acids on Thermal Stability of Epoxy Resin
Authors: Jia Qing Ming , Shan Shao Yun , Jiang Li Hong , Wang Ya Ming
Published: November 2010

Polyaniline(PANI) nanofibers were firstly prepared by rapid mixture method, EP/PANI nanocomposite was obtained by in-situ adding the PANI nanofibers to epoxy resin(EP). Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) proves that the type of doped acids has a little effect on the morphologies of PANI, and the PANI doped by different acids present nanofiber structures with the diameter of about 50 nm. The thermal behaviour of EP/PANI nanocomposites were investigated in detail by using a dynamic rate mode of thermogravimetric analyser (TGA) in inert atmosphere, and the results show that the PANI nanofibers obviously improve thermal stability of pure EP. Compared with EP/PANI doped by nitric acid or sulfuric acid, EP/PANI doped by phosphoric acid has best thermal stability.
Study of Typical Welded Joint Hot Spot Stress Concentration Factor
Authors: Wang Bin Jie , Li Qiang , Liu Zhi Ming
Published: November 2010

Hot spot stress (HSS) approach is more applicable for fatigue evaluation, because it is more closer to the real stress at the welded notch than nominal stress.This paper studies a typical welded joint, fillet welded joint, which is used widely in high-speed car. Hot spot stress concentration factor is calculated under different nominal stress and loading methods. The S-N curves belong to nominal stress and hot spot stress were analysized. The result show that the difference between the S-N curves under different load style can be reduced greatly by hot spot stress. The hot spot stress characteristic variable was put forward, which is used to describe the influence from the welding size of the joint.
Energy Absorption Properties of Folded Honeycomb Structure Consisting of Corrugated Paperboard
Authors: Wang Dong Mei , Liao Qiang Hua , Bai Zi You
Published: November 2010

Many experiments and analysis of folded honeycomb consisting of corrugated paperboards show that the use of linerboard can increase the energy absorption and weight of folded honeycombs. However, it reduces the energy absorption per unit volume and unit mass and increases the cushioning cost either. For the same corrugate shape, reducing corrugated size will increase the weight of folded honeycombs, and changing corrugated size will change the energy absorption per unit volume, but it can not change the cushioning cost. At a low relative density of corrugated sandwiches, the energy absorption per unit volume and unit mass rapidly increases, and the cushioning cost decreases when the relative density of corrugated sandwiches rises. While at a higher relative density, the energy absorption per unit volume and unit mass does not effectively increase with relative density of corrugated sandwiches. However, the cushioning cost may increases. Therefore, when designing the corrugated sandwich size, we can change the thickness of corrugate basis-paper or the corrugated size to change the relative density of corrugated sandwiches and the cushioning cost.
Development of a New Damping Material with Oil Resistance and High Temperature Resistance
Authors: Zhang Xiang , He Qi Wei , Ding Shao Chun
Published: November 2010

In aerospace field and submarine field, structure vibration is ubiquity and the work environments is very bad which is oily and work temperature is high. Damping material is a kind of high molecular polymer which has elastic solid property and viscous fluid property at the same time and can attenuate bending vibration of structures and reduce radiated noise. So using damping material to control the structures vibration is an effective method. By experimentations and performance testing of 200 formulas, a new kind of excellent damping material has been successfully developed which is oil resistance and high temperature resistance. At the same time, the paper has established the formula database of damping materials which is a good base for many different engineering applications of damping material with oil resistance and high temperature resistance.
The Research of by Blend and Flux Method SrFe12O19 Magnetic Particle Preparation and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Guo Wei , Wu Hang , Zheng Zhen Zhong , Chen Qing Chang , Chu Qing Guo
Published: November 2010

According to the influence of sintering time, sintering temperature, different amount of flux and different molar ratio of Fe / Sr to the magnetic properties of prepared SrFe12O19 magnetic particles, the optimum SrFe12O19 conditions were concluded. They are: sintering time: 3 hours; sintering temperature: 1073.15 k; flux NaCl amount: 15% wt of the reaction raw materials; Fe / Sr molar ratio: 11.4; the sample magnetic properties: Ms = 63.39emu / g; Mr = 33.44emu / g; Hc = 5798Oe, Mr / Ms = 1 : 1.90 ≈ 1:2. The prepared SrFe12O19 should be single crystal particles and in the shape of flake, and the particle size should be generally about 80-90nm with uniform distribution.
Wafer Non-Uniformity Analysis during Chemical Mechanical Polishing Based on Finite Element Method
Authors: Du Shi Wen , Li Yong Tang , Song Jian Jun , Qi Hui Ping
Published: November 2010

A contact-mechanics-based finite model for Cu/ low-k chemical mechanical polishing is presented. 2D axisymmetric quasi-static model for chemical mechanical polishing which includes four-layer structure: Si, low-k, Copper and polishing pad is established. The mechanical response at the interface between the silicon, low-k, copper, and pad is simulated under the loading of the chemical mechanical polishing. The effect of slurry is simplified as the friction force reacted onto both the copper and the polishing pad in the finite element model. Down pressure, status of slurry and the elastic modulus of polishing pad are treated as the parameter in the simulation. Using the model, the effects of applied down pressure, pad properties, status of slurry on the non-uniformity of the wafer surface can be readily evaluated. Simulation results show that the distribution of the Von Mises stresses across a wafer’s surface correlates with experimental removal rate profiles.
Acute Toxicity Test on Old Smelting Slag
Authors: Shui Guo Hong , Li Dong Wei
Published: November 2010

The total amount of heavy metal in Ming and Qing dynasties smelted residue was analyzed. Also leaching solution’s acute toxicity of heavy metal in waste residue was discussed.The results showed that the residual quantity of heavy metal(zinc and plumbum) in residue was up to 6.97%. After several hundred years of lixiviation by rainwater, heavy metal (zinc and plumbum) which had released to circumstance was more than 1.71%.Heavy metal in ancient leaching has declined and Residue in Zn is only a very small part of the leaching, Pb leaching below the detection limit ,Cr, and Cd there was leachingonly a small amount .According to pre-test results, limiting test method was adopted to carry out acute toxicity test on waste residue’s leaching solution.The results of acute toxicity test showed that acute oral LD50(median lethal doses) in mice of waste residue’s leaching solution was bigger than 20ml/kg.bw. Mice in the experiment appeared no dead and no abnormal behavior. But mice significantly decreased bodyweight gain. At the end of the experiment, mice were anatomical examined for liver and kidney. No abnormal change was found. It was no significant difference compared with the control group. It showed that residual quantity of heavy metal in residue was high. Although reduce the leaching toxicity, but the acute toxicity harm still existed.
Estimation of Whiskers Growth on Sn Coating of Cu-Leads in Different Accelerated Tests
Authors: Zhang Jin Song , Zhang Jian Hua
Published: November 2010

With the ban of Sn-Pb alloys coated on Cu leads in electronic devices, the electronic packaging industry uses Pb-free Sn alloys as the coating materials. This replacement meets a widely concern that Pb-free Sn alloys have a stronger propensity to grow whiskers on the surface of the coating. The experimental samples have been plated a pure Sn coating on Cu leads by an industrial plating process before the accelerated tests. The study executed three different environment conditions to estimate whiskers growth on the Sn coating of Cu leads. They were Room Temperature/Humidity Storage (RS), High Temperature/Humidity Storage (TH) and Temperature Cycling (TC). No whisker had been found in the samples during the RS tests since this environment condition had not destroyed the surface continuity to promote whiskers grow out of the Sn coating. In the TH tests, the moisture degraded the coating surface to produce the electrochemical corrosion on some local areas. Sn whiskers were easy prone to grow from the corroded areas on the coating surface with a high rate. In the TC tests, Sn whiskers grew from the cracks on the coating surface with a high density based on the mechanism of the thermal fatigue. The alternating stress in the coating surface induced by the temperature fluctuation tore the Sn oxide grains to form cracks and provide a growth path for Sn whiskers on the coating surface.
Polarized Raman Characterization of (2,2) Carbon Nanotubes Formed inside the Channels of AEL Crystals
Authors: Zhai Jian Pang , Li Irene Ling , Ruan Shuang Chen
Published: November 2010

A pure AlPO4-11 (AEL) zeolite crystal is optically transparent in visible region and a good insulator with thermal stability up to 1173 K. These excellent physical properties, plus their unique elliptical pore structures, make them an excellent template to fabricate ultra-thin single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs).We studied the polarization dependence Raman spectra for (2,2) SWNTs formed inside the channels of AEL crystals. These (2,2) SWNTs acts as a dipolar antenna, polarized along the crystal channels axis. The polarization angle dependence of the Raman intensity indicates that the enclosed (2,2) SWNTs are highly oriented in the channels with their dipole transition moment mostly along the channels.
Numerical Simulation of Dimensional Variations for Roller Hemming
Authors: Hu Xing , Zhao Yi Xi , Li Shu Hui , Liu Cheng
Published: November 2010

A study to investigate the effect of hardening models on roller hemming in the case of aluminum alloy sheets is described in this approach. The most popular hardening models including isotropic hardening, kinematic hardening and combined hardening are studied using the uniaxial tension tests. Then the roll-in/out values over the hemline along width direction after pre-hemming with different hardening models are compared with the experimental results. It is verified that combined hardening model is most efficient to predict roll-in/out.
Effect of La Addition in W Skeleton on Microstructure and Properties of WCu Alloy
Authors: Wang Bo , Liang Shu Hua , Wang Xian Hui , Zou Jun Tao , Xiao Peng
Published: November 2010

In order to improve properties of WCu alloy, the different La were introduced into W skeleton during sintering process. The hardness, electrical conductivity and the compression stress were tested, and the microstructure and composition were characterized by a scanning electron microscope. The results show that an appropriate rare earth La addition can purify W/W interface, enhance the bonding of W /W, and improve the densification and the integral properties of WCu alloy. In the range of experiments, WCu alloy with 0.3wt% La addition has the largest hardness value of 198HB and the maximum compression stress of 823N/mm2. In comparison with that without La addition, 0.3wt%La addition decreases the electrical conductivity slightly, but improves the hardness and the maximum compression stress significantly, which are increased by 23.6% and 57.2%, respectively.
Morphology Dependent Luminescence Behaviors of Ba0.75Al11O17.25:Mn2+ Nanophosphors
Authors: Li Feng , Wang Zhao Jun , Zhang Li
Published: November 2010

Nano-scale Ba0.75Al10.9O17.25:0.1 Mn2+ with spherical and rod-like morphologies were prepared by using a reverse microemulsion system. The measurements of their luminescent properties in VUV region revealed that there are obvious differences between these two samples. After analyzed by using electron diffraction (ED) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), it is found that these differences between the optical behaviors of these two samples could be caused by different crystal growth orientations of these two samples, which may influence the formation of Mn2+-Mn2+ paired centers and thereby cause these difference.
Study on Removal of NH4+-N by Zero-Valent Iron (ZVI or Fe0) in Advanced Coking Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Li Su Qin , Xiong Yun Fei , Zhang Xue , Kudureti Ayijamali
Published: November 2010

In this study, the feasibility of a new chemical agent named zero-valent iron (ZVI or Fe0) was used to investigate for removal of NH4+-N from coking wastewater. Reaction pH, dose of Fe0, initial NH4+-N concentration and temperature were considered variable parameters. The pH was observed as the major critical parameter. The removal rate of NH4+-N decreased as the pH increased from 3 to 6 and then increased from pH 6 to pH 9. At pH of 8.0 about in coking wastewater, the NH4+-N removal might be depended on the types and quantity of corrosion products on the surface of Fe0. The removal rate of NH4+-N increased with increase of temperature in the studied range of 10–60°C. At an initial NH4+-N concentration of 134.17 mg/L, Fe0 concentration of 6 g/L, temperature of 60°C and initial pH of 8.0, the removal rate of NH4+-N increased to 54.94%. The dose of Fe0 is determined according to the nitrogen content in coking wastewater.
Investigation of Material Properties of One-Piece Glass Fiber Post-and-Core Affecting Biomechanical Responses of the Restorative System
Authors: Huang Zhi Xin , Qian Cai Fu , Liu Peng , Deng Xu Liang , Cai Qing , Yang Xiao Ping
Published: November 2010

This study aimed at investigating the effects of the post material properties on the maximum stress in the root and maximum deformation of the restorative system. Effects of material properties of fiber post on the maximum equivalent stress in the root and the maximum deformation of the restorative system were numerically investigated. Results show that the maximum equivalent stress in the root can be decreased by 8.3% and the maximum deformation of the restorative system decreased by 10% compared with corresponding maximum values if changing Young’s modulus, Shear modulus and Poisson’s ratio in the range studied here. The maximum equivalent stress in the root is more sensitive to Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio while the deformation of the restorative system is more seriously affected by the Shear modulus of the post material.
Research on Crack Property of Concrete Based on Fracture Mechanics
Authors: He Wei , He Rong , Zheng Heng Xiang
Published: November 2010

The type of I-II compound crack in bridge deck pavement is most popular. Based on the theory of fracture mechanics the least equivalent stress method is put forward and used to study the problem of concrete cracks. The method could be used to determine the fracture angle of I-II compound crack. For the cracked deck pavement, the stress state could be determined by field test or numerical simulation method and then calculate the equivalent stress near the point by Matlab. The examples show that when the equivalent stress gets to the critical value the crack will develop along fracture angle which could be calculated from the least equivalent stress method. The theory value of fracture angle is basically accurate with the test one.