bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La Incidencia de las Estrategias de Aprendizaje en el Aprendizaje del Inglés y en el Desarrollo del Pensamiento Crítico
Authors: Barandica Sabalza Eunice Esther
Published: August 2024

Los avances en la sociedad del siglo XXI le exigen a la educación habilitar espacios de formación que fortalezcan el desarrollo humano y social, donde los sujetos puedan desarrollar habilidades reflexivas, críticas y creativas; ser autónomos y competentes para enfrentar los retos individuales y los relacionados con la ciudadanía local y global. El propósito central de este estudio se enfoca en precisar qué tipo de estrategias están implementando los estudiantes de educación secundaria en el aprendizaje del inglés como lengua extranjera y en determinar cómo las estrategias de aprendizaje, en conjunto, fortalecen la competencia comunicativa en la lengua meta y el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico. Para este fin, se adoptó una metodología cuantitativa, utilizando el cuestionario como instrumento estandarizado de interrogación, a 81 estudiantes, a través del cual se analizan las estrategias directas e indirectas (Directas: memorización, cognitivas y compensación; Indirectas: metacognitivas, afectivas y sociales) que frecuentemente éstos utilizan  en sus procesos de aprendizaje del inglés. Los resultados indican que el fomento de las estrategias directas e indirectas de aprendizaje fortalecen en los estudiantes, no sólo los procesos comunicativos en la lengua extranjera, sino también promueven la autonomía, la toma de conciencia de sus procesos de aprendizaje, el desarrollo de habilidades interpretativas, analíticas, evaluativas y socioafectivas, orientadas al fortalecimiento del ser desde su pluridimensionalidad.
Hemorragia Gastrointestinal Secundaria a Varices Esofágicas por Cirrosis Hepática Alcohólica. A Propósito de un Caso
Authors: Centeno Barahona Veronica del Rocio , Bustamante Ochoa Andrea Cecilia , Carriòn Ruilova Ximena Patricia , Maza Quizhpe Jorky Gustavo , Gutiérrez Córdova Génesis Nebraska , Galarza Sánchez Cristian Alfonso
Published: August 2024

Introducción: La cirrosis hepática es una enfermedad crónica e irreversible del hígado que se caracteriza por la sustitución de la arquitectura normal del hígado por bandas de tejido fibroso que da como resultado una función hepática anormal como consecuencia de una lesión hepática crónica. El Objetivo general: Presentar un caso clínico de cirrosis hepática alcohólica, varices esofágicas, hemorragia gastrointestinal no especificada y gastritis intestinal crónica en paciente masculino de 58 años, que acude a consulta dolor abdominal, melenas y hematemesis.  Métodos: Revisión retrospectiva, descriptiva y transversal de una historia clínica perteneciente a un paciente de 58 años, ingresado al servicio de urgencias por presentar dolor abdominal, melenas y hematemesis, durante el periodo de junio de 2024. Resultados: Se realizó un eco de abdomen con el que se confirmó el diagnóstico que se sospechaba por la clínica del paciente, lo que ayudó a afianzar el caso, se  Concluyo el  uso de la  biopsia hepática es una herramienta diagnóstica fundamental en pacientes con cirrosis hepática, el paciente se encuentra en bajo riesgo con una puntuación de 2/3  según la escala pre-endoscópica de Rockall y Escala de Glasgow-Blatchford 13/23 además  se descartaron diagnósticos presuntivos mediante uso de la ecografía abdominal.
Texto para Discussão 3011
Authors: Lassance Antonio
Published: August 2024

Ao contrário da célebre frase segundo a qual, "no Brasil, até o passado é incerto", podemos demonstrar que o futuro, ao menos no curto prazo, é bastante previsível. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar o referencial de antecipação da formação de agenda por meio de metodologias de mapeamento de atores e de rastreamento de agendas, além da técnica de varredura de informações (web mining e information scanning). A intenção é fundamentar uma série de estudos que buscam antecipar a agenda e os eventos do calendário político-institucional do Estado brasileiro para o ano de 2024. Espera-se com isso que mais pessoas tenham a chance de estar alertas para o que está por vir e se organizar para travar o debate e influir nas decisões. Elas podem igualmente perceber com mais nitidez o quanto determinadas questões cruciais de agenda se encontram paralisadas e absolutamente esquecidas enquanto objeto de uma deliberação do Estado, o que inviabiliza a chance de uma solução institucionalizar-se enquanto política pública.
FORECASTING REGIONAL INFLATION USING RECURRENT AND CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORKS
Authors:   Ivanovo State University of Chemical Technology, ASTRAKHANTSEVA IRINA , GERASIMOV ALEXANDR ,   Ivanovo State University of Chemical Technology
Published: August 2024

The article presents a detailed analysis of the possibility of forecasting regional inflation using recurrent neural networks (RNN), in particular, LSTM modules, and convolutional neural networks (CNN). The study begins with a description of the methods of measuring inflation and the principles of operation of the selected types of machine learning models. Further, the authors describe in detail the stages of model construction and the results obtained. The study demonstrates that both technologies can be effectively used in this area; however, each of them has its own preferred applications. LSTM stands out for its ability to capture time dependencies in inflation data, which makes it ideal for time series analysis and short-term forecasts. CNN is proving to be a powerful tool for identifying key characteristics and patterns in data. The model is particularly useful for long-term forecasts based on spatial characteristics. The choice between these two approaches should be based on the specifics of the task and the characteristics of the data.
DIAGNOSTICS OF THE STATE OF THE SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED BUSINESS SECTOR IN THE ROSTOV REGION IN THE CONTEXT OF SANCTIONS RESTRICTIONS AND CHALLENGES
Authors:   Rostov State University of Economics, DZHUKHA VLADIMIR , MISHCHENKO KONSTANTIN ,   Rostov State University of Economics
Published: August 2024

The article provides a statistical analysis of the state of the small and medium-sized business sector (SME sector) of the Rostov region in the context of sanctions restrictions and challenges in the context of key parameters characterizing its activities: the number of SMEs and the number of employees, entrepreneurial and investment activity, financial and credit burden. Conclusions are drawn regarding the potential, constraints and prospects for further development of the SME sector in the region. The restorative nature of the current stage of development of the SME sector in the region is determined, and the active investment and credit and financial position of SMEs in highly competitive sectors of the economy is proved.
Parabolic-like Trend in SiO Ratios throughout the Central Molecular Zone: Possible Signature of a Past Nuclear Activity in the Galactic Center
Authors: Takekawa Shunya , Oka Tomoharu , Tsujimoto Shiho , Yokozuka Hiroki , Harada Nanase , Kaneko Miyuki , Enokiya Rei , Iwata Yuhei
Published: August 2024

We report the discovery of a characteristic trend in the intensity ratios of SiO emissions across the Central Molecular Zone (CMZ) of our Galaxy. Using the Nobeyama Radio Observatory 45 m telescope, we conducted large-scale, high-sensitivity imaging observations in molecular lines including SiO J = 2–1 and CS J = 2–1. By identifying SiO-emitting clouds and examining their intensity ratios relative to the other molecular lines, we unveiled a parabolic-like trend showing lower ratios near the Galactic nucleus, Sgr A*, with gradual increases toward the edges of the CMZ. This pattern suggests a possible outburst of the nucleus within the last ∼105 yr, which may have propagated through the entire CMZ with strong shocks. Alternatively, the observed trend may also be attributed to the destruction of small dust grains by high-energy photons. Our results can potentially lead to a new perspective on the history of nuclear activity and its impact on the surrounding molecular environment.
Simple Models, Complex Vocabularies: Developing Controlled Vocabularies for an Interdisciplinary Collection Management System in RECODE
Authors: Buschbom Jutta , Collier Ben , Woodburn Matt , Vincent Sarah , Tsai Elaine , Toth Kirstie , Spencer Marla , Smith David , Sadka Mike , Hsu Tzy-Ting , Hunn Brad , Humphries Josh , Grinberg Itan , Ellis Lucy , Dupont Steen
Published: August 2024

Situated at the intersection of distinct stakeholder communities and their objectives, collection management systems (CMS) need to integrate and mediate a wide range of demands to provide functionality, user experience, and data fit for purpose. While metadata standards, (e.g., Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG) Darwin Core (Darwin Core Task Group 2009) and its Latimer Core (Grant et al. 2024), and Pinian Core (Plinian Core Task Group 2021) extensions) and ontologies, (e.g., the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Provenance Ontology (Lebo et al. 2013) or the W3C Open Digital Rights Language (Iannella et al. 2018)) provide guidance for structuring data resources and workflows, controlled vocabularies standardize and harmonize the data content in those structures.

Controlled vocabularies contribute to differentiating dimensions of information present in metadata concepts and allow comprehensive, information-rich descriptions of reality by aiming to provide well-defined terms that can be clearly understood. Harmonized across scientific and applied disciplines as well as distributed data infrastructures, they contribute to data interoperability, findability, and reusability, and thus to the basis for data sharing and the automation of work processes.

Instead of introducing challenges for users, the presentation of context-specific subsets of terms for manual selection as well as automation of context-deducible entries can improve user experiences, work environment efficiency, and (meta)data comprehensiveness. This shifts infrastructure development to an additional layer of rules and constraints (policies) that determine interface dynamics and data validation.

Setting these theoretical considerations to the test of practice, we are sharing our experiences and insights gained during the development and implementation of the new collection management system by the RECODE (Rethinking Collections Data Ecosystems) program at the Natural History Museum, London. Controlled vocabularies and their terms constitute a major component in the CMS data model. They present challenges due to their context-specificity and hierarchical nature, for which solutions need to be found.

Daily work with controlled vocabularies requires extensive documentation with functionality for creating and tracking provenance, relationships, and mappings, as well as for versioning. There is a need for open, shared repositories and work environments that foster the versatile, user-driven development of terminologies, ontologies, mappings, and digital policies.
Two new species of freshwater goby (Teleostei, Gobiidae) from the Upper Youshui River, Chongqing, China
Authors: Li Lingzhen , Li Chaoyang , Shao Weihan , Fu Suxing , Zhou Chaowei
Published: August 2024

Two previously unknown species of Rhinogobius have been discovered in the streams of the Upper Youshui River, within the Yuan River Basin, Xiushan County, Chongqing, China. These new species are named as Rhinogobius sudoccidentalis and Rhinogobius lithopolychroma. Phylogenetic analysis based on mitochondrial genomes revealed that R. sudoccidentalis is genetically closest to R. reticulatus, while R. lithopolychroma shares the greatest genetic similarity with R. leavelli. Morphological distinctions allow for the clear differentiation of these species. Rhinogobius sudoccidentalissp. nov. is characterized by having VI–VII rays in the first dorsal fin and I, 8–9 rays in the second dorsal fin. The longitudinal scale series typically consists of 22–24 scales, while the transverse scale series comprises 7–8 scales. Notably, the predorsal scale series is absent and the total vertebrae count is 12+17=29. Rhinogobius lithopolychromasp. nov. can be distinguished from other species by the presence of 13–15 rays on the pectoral fin. Its longitudinal scale series ranges from 30 to 33 scales, with no scales in the predorsal area. The total vertebral count is 30, with 12 precaudal and 18 caudal vertebrae. The head and body of this species are light gray with irregular orange markings on the cheeks and opercle. Through morphological and molecular analyses, it has been confirmed that R. lithopolychroma and R. sudoccidentalis represent novel species within the Rhinogobius genus.
A generalized Gronwall inequality via $ \psi $-Hilfer proportional fractional operators and its applications to nonlocal Cauchy-type system
Authors: Sudsutad Weerawat , Kongson Jutarat , Thaiprayoon Chatthai , Jarasthitikulchai Nantapat , Kaewsuwan Marisa
Published: August 2024

This paper establishes a novel generalized Gronwall inequality concerning the $ \psi $-Hilfer proportional fractional operators. Before proving the main results, the solution of the linear nonlocal coupled $ \psi $-Hilfer proportional Cauchy-type system with constant coefficients under the Mittag-Leffler kernel is created. The uniqueness result for the proposed coupled system is established using Banach's contraction mapping principle. Furthermore, a variety of the Mittag-Leffler-Ulam-Hyers stability of the solutions for the proposed coupled system is investigated. Finally, a numerical example is given to show the effectiveness and applicability of the obtained results, and graphical simulations in the case of linear systems are shown.
The reduction of abiotic stress in food crops through climate-smart mycorrhiza-enriched biofertilizer
Authors: Alam Mohammad Zahangeer , Dey (Roy) Malancha
Published: August 2024

Climate change enhances stress in food crops. Recently, abiotic stress such as metalloid toxicity, salinity, and drought have increased in food crops. Mycorrhizal fungi can accumulate several nutrients within their hyphae through a symbiotic relationship and release them to cells in the root of the food crops under stress conditions. We have studied arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)-enriched biofertilizers as a climate-smart technology option to increase safe and healthy food production under abiotic stress. AMF such as Glomus sp., Rhizophagus sp., Acaulospora morrowiae, Paraglomus occultum, Funneliformis mosseae, and Claroideoglomus etunicatum enhance growth and yield in food crops grown in soils under abiotic stress. AMF also works as a bioremediation material in food crops grown in soil. More precisely, the arsenic concentrations in grains decrease by 57% with AMF application. In addition, AMF increases mineral contents, and antioxidant activities under drought and salinity stress in food crops. Catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) increased by 45% and 70% in AMF-treated plants under drought stress. AMF-enriched biofertilizers are used in crop fields like precision agriculture to reduce the demand for chemical fertilizers. Subsequently, AMF-enriched climate-smart biofertilizers increase nutritional quality by reducing abiotic stress in food crops grown in soils. Consequently, a climate resilience environment might be developed using AMF-enriched biofertilizers for sustainable livelihood.
Assessment of Plant Genetic Resources and Ethnobotanical Knowledge in Tropical Agricultural Ecosystems
Authors: Rajapaksha Ranil , Pushpakumara Gamini , Bussmann Rainer W.
Published: August 2024

The agricultural ecosystems in Sri Lanka exhibit high diversity owing to the country's distinctive climate, soil variations, topography, and its unique geographical position within the Indian Ocean. While rice-based farming system stand out as a primary feature of the Sri Lankan agricultural ecosystem, numerous other agricultural systems also play a significant role in ensuring food security and strengthening the national economy. Exploring, conserving, and utilizing plant genetic resources along with their associated ethnobotanical knowledge has the potential to create new income-generating opportunities for underprivileged groups within farming communities. This chapter provides the theoretical basis for assessing plant genetic resources and associated ethnobotanical knowledge within the selected agricultural ecosystems in Sri Lanka. It further emphasizes the significance of such assessments by advocating for the utilization of more practical and efficient techniques and tools.
Designing, Collection, and Handling of Animal Samples for Scientific Research
Authors: Silva Pradeepa
Published: August 2024

Research activities carried out with animals and related biological resources are derived from a wide variety of species, and wide range of environments and habitats. The legislation governing these activities are obviously a wide range and may need to be exchanged according to the research needs. Thus, a proper set of guidelines have to be provided for directing the researchers through appropriate procedures in conducting research using animal genetic materials. The chapter outlines the aspects regarding design and conduct of research activities in relation to variety of sampling conditions and habitats related to Sri Lanka. Starting with the general procedures those may be useful in accommodating the national requirement in handling natural resources, it elaborates specific cases where special approvals are needed under the conditions laid down by legal framework of the country including importation and exportation of animal related materials.
Adornment and Cosmetic Allurements Among the Yoruba Women in the Past and Contemporary Time in Ifa
Authors: Olaleye Samuel Kayode
Published: August 2024

Adornment is an additional accessory or decoration worn to enhance the beauty of the wearer. It may also define cultural, social, and religious status of a community, tribe, state, or country as a whole. As a result, every human, particularly Yoruba women of Southwestern Nigeria want to look beautiful and attractive. It is an age-long issue that cuts across every part of the body. Among many natural materials that were used in the past for this purpose are BuÌjeì-Randia Maculata, OsuÌn-Camwood, etc. However, in the contemporary time, adornment has gone beyond imagination. It has become a fashion to bleach the skin with skin-lightening creams of all kinds that are injurious to the skin all in the name of beautifying the body. One may then ask, What are the factors responsible for this? The study made use of data gathered through rapid research approach in Ibadan City, Nigeria, where Facebook, WhatsApp, phoning, and quick in-depth interviews of 10 Babalaw-Ifaì priests, 10 men, and 10 women, and their responses were analyzed.
Music, Culture, and Personal Reconstruction
Authors: Sauti Lazarus
Published: August 2024

This chapter used a few of Mukudzeyi ‘Jah Prayzah' Mukombe's selected songs to analyse the relationship between music, culture, and personal reconstruction. These songs include ‘Ngwarira Kuparara', the title track from his 2011 album, and ‘Kwayedza', from his 2020 album Hokoyo, respectively. Jah Prayzah's artistic contributions were located and analysed using Asante's analytic Afrocentricity. In pushing Zimbabweans to be proud of their culture, Jah Prayzah exemplifies pride in one's identity, as this chapter has demonstrated. He exploits the creative potential of art to advance cultural norms and values that signify Africanness through the nuanced Shona language. Jah Prayzah reminds Zimbabweans that to rebuild their identity and regain their sense of self, they must return to their cultural norms and values. The chapter concluded that Jah Prayzah is a cultural revivalist who is dedicated to Zimbabwe's cultural memory. The musician uses his songs to fight the inaccurate representations of Zimbabwean culture and decolonize Zimbabweans' minds. The chapter makes recommendations for other musicians to use their music to defend fundamental African cultural values and solve societal evils.
Educational Decolonization
Authors: Mudondo Tafadzwa , Takaidza Malven
Published: August 2024

African countries fought wars of liberations meant to liberate their citizens from the jaws of oppression. The ultimate goal was self-governance and self-determination which was supposed to usher in a developmental trajectory based on equity and equal opportunities. Unfortunately, after the attainment of independence more than half of the population in Africa is still walloping on poverty despite being rich in natural resources. This research study investigated the role played by Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) curriculum in the promotion of innovation and industrialization. Mixed Methods Research approach which integrates both Qualitative and Quantitative Research was used. Data was collected using survey questionnaires and interviews from a sample size of 50 and the respondents were randomly selected from both TVET training institutions and the industry. Analysis of the data was done using Microsoft Excel. The use of mixed methods provided a holistic approach in combining and analyzing the statistical data with deeper contextualized insights. The research study recommended the need to Africanise and decolonize the education system by revising the TVET curricula to focus on heritage-based education philosophy so that learners are capacitated in harnessing and adding value to local resources, solve their local problems through entrepreneurship and employment creation.
The Role of Generative Artificial Intelligence in E-Commerce Fraud Detection and Prevention
Authors: Shafik Wasswa
Published: August 2024

This study explores the transformational potential of generative artificial intelligence (GAI) in commerce fraud detection and prevention within e-commerce, highlighting the growing risk of fraudulent activities due to the rise of online transactions and data-driven activities in various industries, including finance, e-commerce, and healthcare. Conventional rule-based systems often fail to keep up with evolving fraud strategies, whereas GAI, employing tools like GANs and variational autoencoders, can generate synthetic yet realistic data to uncover sophisticated fraud schemes. The chapter presents successful real-world examples of GAI applications, emphasizing the need for ethical considerations, such as privacy and bias prevention, to ensure responsible AI implementation. The study concludes that GAI offers a potent, adaptive, and data-driven strategy to combat fraud, promising a safer digital environment if ethical implications are carefully managed.
Education Resilience Amidst Crisis
Authors: Irizarry Sonia I. , Rodriguez Carlos E.
Published: August 2024

This chaptеr offеrs a comprеhеnsivе еxploration of thе profound impact of thе COVID-19 pandеmic on еducation, bеginning with thе unforеsееn challеngеs in 2020 and thе subsеquеnt global transformation, particularly in hеalthcarе and еducation. It dеlvеs into thе closurе of еducational institutions, thе rapid shift to rеmotе lеarning, and thе еvolution of еducation paradigms. Thе authors еxplorе thе financial aspеcts of addressing pandеmic challеngеs, including invеstmеnts in tеchnological infrastructurе, еducator training, dеvicе accеssibility, digital contеnt crеation, mеntal hеalth assistancе, and rеsеarch. A crucial focus is on thе rеsiliеncе and adaptability of еducators, highlighting thеir rolе in thе rеmarkablе transformation of еducation. Ovеrall, thе chaptеr sеts thе stagе for an еxamination of thе multifacеtеd impact of thе pandеmic, еmphasizing rеsiliеncе and adaptability as cеntral thеmеs in navigating thе challеngеs and shaping thе futurе of еducation.
Meaning Making and Adaptive Change to Crisis
Authors: Hayes Catherine
Published: August 2024

Making meaning from experience belies all approaches to the facilitation of transformative learning in practice. This chapter provides an insight into how this process of activating epistemic transformations takes place at the front line of educational provision with students. By incorporating the theoretical basis of social constructivist learning principles, the consideration of concepts such as critical thinking, critical discourse and their relationships to heuristics and bias are used to drive the challenging of presuppositions and assumptions in self-reflective practice. The chapter considers how the functional capacities for transformation and the ability to debate existing published literature are central to the development of epistemic transformation, which transcends disciplinarity and extends into the epistemic basis of personhood. Central to the development of each, is due regard for the situational specificity of meaning making, which is used to reconcile the complex ambiguity of self-contemplation and the acknowledgement of its impact in reflective processes.
Panorama dos esportes ginásticos olímpicos nos municípios paranaenses
Authors: Santos Laís Cristyne Alexandre dos , Vargas Pauline Iglesias , Mendes Capraro André , Mezzadri Fernando Marinho
Published: August 2024

Este artigo objetivou analisar o panorama dos esportes ginásticos olímpicos nos municípios paranaenses. Metodologicamente, seguiu-se os critérios da análise descritiva com coleta de dados realizada em três etapas distintas: 1) coleta de registros sobre a oferta das modalidades gímnicas no instrumento de pesquisa GEEM, do Instituto de Pesquisa Inteligência Esportiva; 2) consulta a documentos e notícias nos portais oficiais da Secretaria de Esporte do Paraná e Federação Paranaense de Ginástica; e 3) cruzamento dos dados levantados. Conclui-se que há ênfase na oferta de Ginástica Artística Feminina e Ginástica Rítmica, sem fomento à Ginástica de Trampolim – especialmente nos Jogos oficiais do Estado –, sendo que 16% dos municípios paranaenses incentivam ao menos uma das práticas gímnicas competitivas, seja na Formação Esportiva, Excelência Esportiva ou Esporte para a Vida Toda.
Geographical and gender differences in the development of motor skills in preschool children
Authors: Loureiro Vânia , Solas-Martínez Jose Luis , Rusillo Magdaleno Alba , Lopes André , Murta Luis
Published: August 2024

Motor development during childhood is fundamental for acquiring advanced perceptual and cognitive skills, playing a pivotal role in personal development and skill acquisition later in life. This study aims to investigate differences in the motor skills of children between the ages of 3 to 5, based on their geographic location (urban or rural) and gender. A cohort of 94 Portuguese children between the ages of 3 and 5 years old (comprising 48 boys and 46 girls) were selected for a study. Data collection was conducted within 8 different schools, and motor skills were assessed utilizing the MOBAK-KG test. It was observed that children from urban areas outperformed those from rural areas in motor skills related to body and object control. On the contrary, girls' motor skills did not show significant differences according to their geographical location. Although the geographical environment influences children's motor development, other factors, such as socio-economic and cultural factors, may have a greater impact on girls. These findings emphasise the significance of focusing on the motor development of girls and examining how cultural and gender expectations can impact their motor skills.
Determining factors of performance in middle/long distance events in university athletics
Authors: Trevelin Lucas , Zecchin Arthur , Carvalho Carlos Dellavechia de , Puggina Enrico Fuini
Published: August 2024

To verify the relationship between field tests and performance in the 800 meters, 1,500 meters, and 5,000 meters in university athletics, 20 male university athletes were selected to perform the motor tests, which they performed: the vertical jump endurance (VJE) test; a graded exercise test on a treadmill to access the maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max); the Running Based Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST) in addition to the three Times Trials of 800, 1,500 and 5,000 meters, from which the critical power was calculated. It was found positive correlations (p < 0.05) between fatigue index and 800 m, 1,500 m (R2 = 0.65), and 5,000 m (R2 = 0.20), and between B35M and 1,500 m (R2 = 0.72). It was found negative correlations (p < 0.05) between relative V̇O2max and 800 m (R2 = 0.74), 1,500 m (R2 = 0.80), and 5,000 m (R2 = 0.86), and between critical power and the 5,000 m event (R2 = 0.97). VJE did not correlate with the time trials performance (p > 0.05). It was concluded that for this sample the variables that seem to explain the most with the three tests are: fatigue index (800m; 1,500m; 5,000m), V̇O2max (800m; 1,500m; 5,000m) B35M (1,500m) and critical power (5,000m).
Influence of Active Area Etching Method on the Integrity of Gate Oxide on 4H-SiC
Authors: Wang Chia Hua , Lin Li Jung , Hung Chia Lung , Hsiao Yi Kai , Tsui Bing Yue
Published: August 2024

Etching active area by dry etching method can precisely control the length and width of the devices, but it may damage the SiC surface. In this paper, we fabricated metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors (MOSC) using different etching methods to compare the effect of etching methods on the SiO2/SiC interface and dielectric breakdown. It is observed that dry etching will degrade the surface roughness of SiC and the interface state density at the SiO2/SiC interface. Post-oxidation NO annealing cannot passivate the interface effectively. The breakdown field of gate oxide on the dry etched sample is also degraded. These results indicate that dry etching of SiC surface should be avoided when fabricating MOS devices.
Parental educational level in shaping student participation in lesson activities: A multifaceted study
Authors: Careemdeen Jalal Deen
Published: August 2024

This research study delves into the complex relationship between parental educational background and student participation in lesson activities in the context of secondary school education in Sri Lanka. This study explores whether student participation in lesson activities differs based on parent education. The stratified sampling method selected the sample from Grade 10 secondary school children in Sri Lanka. A carefully selected sample of 1,350 secondary school students was surveyed using a questionnaire instrument to assess their self-perceived levels of engagement in lesson activities and their parents' educational backgrounds. The study employs rigorous statistical analysis, including Two-Way Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) tests and post hoc analyses, to explore the impact of parental Education on student participation. The findings reveal that, based on the highest educational level of the mother, significant differences exist in student participation in lesson activities. Students whose mothers hold tertiary education degrees exhibit the highest mean scores, demonstrating that maternal educational attainment positively influences student engagement. However, no significant disparities were observed based on the father's educational level, emphasizing the unique role of the Education of mothers in shaping student participation. The study also underscores the absence of a significant interaction effect between the educational levels of fathers and mothers concerning student participation. This implies that the impact of parental Education on student engagement operates primarily through the mother’s educational background. Overall, this research provides critical insights into the influence of parental educational experience on student participation in lesson activities. The results demonstrate that parents with higher academic qualifications contribute significantly to their children's active involvement in the learning process, ultimately enhancing their educational experiences. These findings have implications for educators, policymakers, and parents, as they underscore the importance of fostering an inclusive and supportive learning environment to promote equitable student participation in lesson activities. Furthermore, the study recommends parental involvement through workshops, media, and educational resources for parents with lower academic levels to bridge the educational gap and enhance student engagement.
Vibration Rating of Medical Helicopters
Authors:   Politecnico Di Milano, Tamer Aykut , Muscarello Vincenzo , Masarati Pierangelo , Quaranta Giuseppe
Published: August 2024

Helicopter Emergency and Medical Service (HEMS) requires a specially designed cabin interior that can transport patients quickly to a full capacity hospital. During the transportation, a medical crew sustains the health condition of the patients using life-support equipments, hence the quality and safety of the service may depend on the vibratory level experienced by patients and crew. However, the bare dynamical response of the airframe can lead to erroneous evaluation of vibratory level and exposure. In fact crew, patients and medical equipments, ı.e. subjects of HEMS, dynamically interact with the helicopter through interfaces such as seats, handles, stretchers and flexible supports. For this reason, the design of a low vibration HEMS vehicle requires numerical analysis of the coupled helicopter-interface-subject system, and the capability to effectively and efficiently run the analysis for a large set of possible configurations to achieve optimal positioning. A viable tool should be able to formulate high-fidelity rotorcraft aeroservoelasticity, easily connect additional dynamical systems representing the dynamics of human and equipment and their interfaces, and calculate the vibration performance of the resulting models. This work presents an effective way of evaluating the vibratory performance of medical helicopters. The approach is illustrated on a medium weight helicopter by adding dynamical models of a human resting on a seat, a recumbent person lying on a stretcher, and medical equipment mounted on flexible supports at its ends.
Achieving Near Zero N/Rev Vibration with Zero-Vibe Technology
Authors:   Sikorsky A Lockheed Martin Company, Monico Michael ,   U.S. Army Aviation Development Directorate, DiOttavio James ,   LORD Corporation, Kakaley Daniel
Published: August 2024

This paper discusses the results of the proof-of-concept flight test of the Zero-Vibe™ system on a UH-60M aircraft. This flight test demonstrated the Zero-Vibe™ technology and its ability to achieve historically low vibration levels on a rotary wing aircraft. The Zero-Vibe™ system achieved better vibration reductions than the baseline UH-60M bifilar and Active Vibration Control System (AVCS) in steady level flight. Global vibration reductions were demonstrated which are unachievable with the current vibration control system architecture. The risk of a secondary n/rev vibration source due to wake impingement on the tail was realized during the test and was addressed with additional Circular Force Generators (CFGs) mounted to the tail. The data collected from this test showed clear improvement compared to the baseline AVCS demonstrating the overwhelming benefit of controlling vibration at the source.
Comparison of Comprehensive Analyses Predicting Aeroelastic Stability of the Wing and Rotor Aeroelastic Test System
Authors:   U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Kreshock Andrew ,   US Army Aviation Development Directorate, Yeo Hyeonsoo , Thornburgh Robert
Published: August 2024

Whirl flutter stability is a critical limitation for tiltrotor aircraft. This paper investigates whirl flutter predictions for the Wing and Rotor Aeroelastic Test System (WRATS) using comprehensive analysis, focusing on the comparison of the whirl flutter stability predictions between CARMAD II and RCAS. The analytical models have been created using a modular approach to systematically validate the modeling process of the WRATS tiltrotor. Comparison of non-rotating frequencies for blade, flexbeam, flexbeam and cuff, and blade with flexbeam and cuff shows excellent agreement between CAMRAD II and RCAS. The assembled model is then used to predict the whirl flutter stability boundary for various configurations with varying levels of fidelity. Results show perfect agreement between the two analyses for a rigid rotor and linear aerodynamics, and good to fair agreement when an elastic rotor is used. Predicted wing beam mode frequencies and damping values are also compared against the wind tunnel test data, and the frequencies are shown to be reasonably well-predicted. However, damping values, and thus stability boundaries, are not accurately predicted.
Higher Harmonic Control ­ A Historical Perspective
Authors:   Sikorsky a Lockheed Martin Company (ret.), Hammond Charles
Published: August 2024

Higher Harmonic Control (HHC) is an approach for achieving reduced helicopter vibration by controlling the vibratory rotor airloads in such a way that the fuselage excitation is minimized. This paper is a historical look at how a program aimed at helicopter vibration reduction started as an outgrowth of fixed wing flutter suppression at NASA Langley Research Center, proved the HHC concept on aeroelastically scaled wind tunnel models, and went on to demonstrate viability in full scale flight testing on the OH-6A helicopter in 1982. Following the OH-6A flight tests the helicopter research community was stimulated to prove the effectiveness of HHC on different configurations through analysis, wind tunnel tests, and flight tests. All of these investigations have shown HHC to be effective in reducing vibration to levels not attainable with conventional vibration control methods and without any detrimental side effects. HHC development has progressed to the point that the technology is available for production application. The literature demonstrates that helicopter ride quality equivalent to that of fixed wing aircraft is available with application of HHC.
Additively Manufactured Composite Ply Placement Templates
Authors:   Sikorsky a Lockheed Martin Company, Dunn Eric
Published: August 2024

Resin pre-impregnated fiber reinforced plastic components are integral to the advancement of rotorcraft due to their highly customizable configuration, outstanding dynamic properties, and light weight. The complexity of their fabrication introduces numerous manufacturing challenges; chief among these is the internal location of individual plies of material. Industry standard solutions are commensurately complicated and require highly specialized equipment and personnel. In order to mitigate this, the Sikorsky-Boeing SB>1 DEFIANT™ Technology Demonstrator team developed the use of additively manufactured (AM) ply locating templates as a simple, low cost alternative. An AM template eliminates many of the issues associated with industry standard ply location techniques and tools. They are elegantly simple to use while being extremely ergonomic; they are extremely cost effective, and require no capital equipment to support them; and they are flexible and quick to implement.
Towards Gaussian Process Models of Complex Rotorcraft Dynamics
Authors:   University of Liverpool, Jackson Ryan , Jump Michael , Green Peter
Published: August 2024

Physical law based models (also known as white box models) are widely applied in the aerospace industry, providing models for dynamic systems such as helicopter flight simulators. To meet the criteria of real-time simulation, simplifications to the underlying physics sometimes have to be applied, leading to errors in the model's predictions. Grey-box models use both physics-based and data-based models. They have potential to reduce the difference between a simulator's and real rotorcraft's response. In the current work, a preliminary step to the grey-box approach, a machine learnt data-based, i.e 'black box' model is applied to the dynamic response of a helicopter. The machine learning methods used are probabilistic and can capture uncertainties associated with the model's prediction. In the current paper, machine learning is used to create a Gaussian Process (GP) non-linear autoregressive (NARX) model that predicts pitch, roll and yaw rate. The predictions are compared to a physical law based model created using FLIGHTLAB software. The GP outperforms the FLIGHTLAB model in terms of root mean squared error, when predicting the pitch, roll and yaw rate of a Bo105 helicopter.
Accurate State-Space Inflow Modeling for Flight Dynamics and Control of a Coaxial-Pusher Rotorcraft
Authors:   University of Maryland, Hersey Sean ,   U. S. Army Aviation Development Directorate (AMRDEC), Juhasz Ondrej
Published: August 2024

Recent advances in state space modeling of the aerodynamic interactions between rotors in advanced coaxial configurations have allowed for increased understanding of the stability and controllability of such aircraft. However, modern aerodynamic analysis tools such as free wake models have shown that the behavior of the inflow of a coaxial configuration may not exhibit only first order behavior as some models suggest. Furthermore, it is clear that tip-path plane motion of a coaxial rotor can have an impact on the inflow behavior through wake distortion, and so the inflow response is likely higher order in nature. It is unclear what effects such behavior would have on the prediction of handling qualities and the design of control systems. The objective of this paper is to extend a system identification method to the extraction of a second order inflow representation capable of capturing from free-wake models all of the relevant dynamics of the wake, including wake distortion. This method has successfully been used to extract a first order representation of the inflow for both single main rotor helicopters and coaxial rotorcraft. With state-space models of inflow defined for an advanced coaxial configuration, this paper also presents a comparison of the fully-coupled aircraft flight dynamics, and the design of an explicit modeling-following feedback controller, with both the free-wake identified model and a momentum theory based approach.
Simulation of the Aerodynamic Interaction between Rotor and Ground Obstacle Using Vortex Method
Authors:   Nanjing Tech University, Tan Jianfeng ,   University of Glasgow, Barakos George , Sun Yiming , Zhou Tianyi , Green Richard
Published: August 2024

The aerodynamic interaction between rotor wake and surrounding obstacles is complex, and generates high compensatory workload for pilots, degradation of the vehicle handling qualities and performance, and unsteady forces on the structure of the obstacles. The interaction also affects the minimum distance between rotorcraft and obstacles to operate safely. A vortex-based approach is here employed to investigate the complex aerodynamic interaction between rotors and ground obstacles and identify the distance where the interaction ends. This is also one of the objectives of the GARTEUR AG22 effort. In this approach, the aerodynamic loads of the rotor blades are described through a panel method, and the unsteady behavior of the rotor wake is modelled using a vortex particle method. The effects of the ground plane and obstacle are accounted for via a viscous boundary model. The method is then applied to "Large" and "Wee" rotor near the ground and obstacle and compared with earlier experiments carried out at the University of Glasgow. The results show that the predicted rotor induced inflow, and flow-field compare reasonably well with the experiments in terms of magnitude and phase, for the peaks of the radial outwash and vertical downwash. Furthermore, at certain conditions the tip vortices are pushed upwards and are re-ingested into the rotor wake due to the effect of the obstacle resulting in a recirculation. Moreover, contrary to cases without the obstacle, the peak and thickness of the radial outwash near the obstacle is lower due to blockage effects, and an up-wash is observed. Additionally, as the rotor closes to the obstacle, the rotor slipstreams impinge directly on the obstacle, and the up-wash near the obstacle is faster, indicating a stronger interaction between the rotor wake and the obstacle. Also, contrary to the case without the obstacle, the fluctuations of the rotor thrust, roll and pitch moments are obviously strengthened. When the distance between the rotor and the obstacle is larger than 3R, the effect of the obstacle is small.
The Evolving Threat and Operational Environment's Impact on Aircraft Vulnerability Reduction
Authors:   US Army - AMRDEC, Aylworth Warren
Published: August 2024

This paper examines how the evolving threat and the Operational Environment (OE) have challenged the effectiveness of our current aircraft and aircrew vulnerability reduction methods. It provides specific examples of the how Threat weapon systems have evolved, and nominates specific representative weapon systems as the new benchmark for future vulnerability reduction efforts. Additionally this paper examines how the changing OE directly impacts the overall vulnerability equation by highlighting that legacy vulnerability reduction will prove insufficient to sustain expeditionary warfare. Recognizing the aircrew as a mission critical sub-system requires designing-in new approaches to ensure aircrew post-crash survival, recovery, and crew reuse as the final critical component of a holistic approach to vulnerability reduction. This information is intended to inform those who will design and build future vertical-flight capable air vehicles and ensure that future designs account for these changes.
Rapid Automated Slung Load Operations with Conventional Helicopters
Authors:   Georgia Institute of Technology, Haviland Stephen ,   Pennsylvania State University, Johnson Eric , Bershadsky Dmitry
Published: August 2024

Slung-load operations often involve conservative flight paths in order to prevent unwanted swing of the load. However, doing so often limits the maneuvering capability of the system and increases the time to complete trajectories. This work investigates methods to rapidly move a slung load with a helicopter with the intent to deliver it quickly and precisely to a fixed point. Inspired by prior work utilizing differential flatness, the controller developed does not require instrumentation of the load or the ability to estimate the state of the load but does not preclude it. A feedforward and feedback controller was developed that modifies the helicopter commands based on the desired load path. The controller is simplified by neglecting selected higher order terms. An adaptive dynamic inversion controller is used to control the helicopter. Simulation and flight test results are shown to validate the proposed method.
One Engine Inoperative Cruise for Mission Performance Optimisation
Authors:   Leonardo Helicopters, Massey Colin ,   Portuguese Air Force, Violante Tiago , Highams Lisa
Published: August 2024

Interest is growing in the use of one engine inoperative cruise to enhance the mission performance of multi-engined helicopters. This paper explores the concept by examining the use of twin engine cruise in the long range AgustaWestland AW101 triple engine helicopter. The paper presents the design features of the aircraft that support this capability, the clearances and limitations that have been flowed out to operators of the aircraft, analysis of the performance benefit arising from twin engine cruise, and examples of where the capability has been used to allow extreme range search and rescue missions to be achieved. The paper then presents considerations for the introduction of single engine cruise capability into twin engine helicopters.