bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENDAMPINGAN DAN EDUKASI MANFAAT PEMBERIAN SEDUHAN AIR BUNGA ROSELLA PADA LANSIA DENGAN HIPERTENSI
Authors: Kristiani Rina Budi , Yobel Sosilo
Published: January 2023

Lansia sering mengalami hipertensi karena beberapa faktor antara lain pola makan dan sistem pembuluh darah dan jantung yang mengalami proses penuaan. Pemberian seduhan rosella terbukti secara klinis mengurangi jumlah plak yang menempel pada pembuluh darah dan berpotensi menurunkan tekanan darah pada lansia dengan hipertensi. Tujuan pengabdian ini untuk meningkatkan pemahaman masyarakat tentang bunga rosella dan menurunkan tekanan darah pada lansia dengan hipertensi. Metode yang digunakan service learning dengan cara pendampingan dan pemberian edukasi kesehatan secara berkelompok dengan tetap menjaga protokol kesehatan karena edukasi dilakukan di masa pandemi. Materi edukasi tentang penanaman dan pengolahan bunga rosella menjadi seduhan air minum untuk menurunkan tekanan darah kepada warga jalan Pacar Keling di wilayah RW 10 Kelurahan Pacar Keling Kecamatan Tambak Sari Surabaya. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan peningkatan pemahaman warga, pre-tes hampir seluruhnya kurang memahami sebanyak 6 orang (54,5%) dan post-tes keseluruhan warga pemahaman baik (100%). Hasil pengukuran tekanan darah pada lansia dengan hipertensi, pre-tes menunjukkan sebagian besar hipertensi derajat 2 sebanyak 7 orang (63,6%) dan post-tes sebagian besar hipertensi derajat 1 sebanyak 8 orang (72,7%) dan tidak ada yang mengalami hipertensi derajat 3. Pendampingan dan pemberian edukasi sangat bermanfaat dalam meningkatkan pemahaman warga tentang penanaman dan pengolahan bunga rosella menjadi air seduh minuman lansia dengan hipertensi sehingga dapat menurunkan tingkat tekanan darah lansia secara non farmakologis.
International Law and The Responsibility to Protect
Authors: Sultan Sophia , Garrity Christopher Michael
Published: January 2023

In the UN, there is a doctrine called the Responsibility to Protect that allows the blue helmets from the UN to intervene in a country if a country violates international human rights laws. This doctrine was created to aid refugees and the international community when their own countries abuse power and, as a result, them. My question was what determines when the UN decides to intervene under R2P. My hypotheses theorized that GDP, nuclear weapons, or race demographics must influence the verdict of when the UN intervenes. I thought that countries that had a higher GDP probably had a lower chance of being intervened even if they had committed humanitarian crimes. I also figured that any country with nukes would have high unlikeliness to be intervened upon, and finally, I hypothesized that countries with a white majority population were less likely to be intervened in. I found that a combination of portions from all three hypotheses was ultimately correct. Of the countries I tested most countries that had been intervened in under R2P were poorer than countries that had not been protected by the UN despite being guilty of similar injustices. My second hypothesis was arguably arbitrary since no country that owns a nuke has been intervened in by the UN. Lastly, the countries I tested for their race demographics were mainly non-white countries, and, therefore, the countries that had and had not been intervened in under R2P were isolated from the race debate.
Chet tillarini oʻqitish jarayonida kommunikativ kompetensiyani shakllantirish oʻquv faoliyatiga samarali yondashuv sifatida
Authors: Israilova Mahsuda
Published: January 2023

Mazkur maqolada chet tili darslarida kommunikativ kompetensiyani shakllantirish va rivojlantirishning tarkibiy tushunchalari, usullari hamda kommunikativ kompetensiya tushunchasining ba’zi ilmiy va pedagogik tadqiqotlarining tahlili keltirilgan.
Роль междисциплинарной интеграции в обучении иностранному языку
Authors: Гафурова Хакима
Published: January 2023

Статья посвящена проблеме междисциплинарной интеграции, которая является необходимым условием для формирования у студентов целостного представления об их будущей профессиональной. Междисциплинарная интеграция играет важную роль в обучении иностранному языку, служит основой для формирования всестороннего развития личности и совершенствования профессиональных компетенций будущего специалиста.
IMPACTOS E REPERCUSSÕES DA SÍNDROME DE BURNOUT DOS ENFERMEIROS QUE ATUAM NA ONCOLOGIA
Authors: Motta Moreira de Souza Érica , Rosa de Oliveira Arnaldo Clarissa , Emanuele da Silva Freitas dos Santos Bruna , Alves Ribeiro Wanderson , Costa Soares Denilson , Jesus da Silva Amaral Elisângela , Da Silva Monsores Stephanie
Published: January 2023

Introdução: Profissionais da oncologia enfrentam estressores psicossociais no desempenho de suas atividades laborais que os tornam vulneráveis ao Burnout. A Síndrome de Burnout é uma maneira de resposta ao estresse laboral crônico, sendo esta uma condição na qual o trabalhador se desgasta, e tende a desistir, na medida em que perde a satisfação e sentido pelo trabalho. Objetivo: O presente artigo teve como objetivo analisar artigos científicos que abordam a presença da Síndrome de Burnout nos enfermeiros que trabalham na área de oncologia. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma pesquisa de revisão de literatura integrativa realizada com artigos indexados em sites de cunho científico através dos descritores: Síndrome de Burnout, enfermeiros, oncologia. Análise e discussão dos resultados: Através deste estudo, foram constatados que o ambiente hospitalar e o setor de oncologia são locais que produzem grandes cargas de estresse, e fatores predisponentes aos profissionais, principalmente os enfermeiros que estão em contato maior com o paciente, a desenvolverem a Síndrome de Burnout. Conclusão: Conclui-se que existe a necessidade de mais pesquisas sobre a síndrome, principalmente no setor oncológico, ressaltando as condições de trabalho destes profissionais e um foco à saúde física e mental dos trabalhadores.
Behaviour Response Among Educated Young Adults Towards COVID-19 Pandemic in Malaysia
Authors: Masuri Mohamad Ghazali , Mohd Zulfikri Nur Iffah Imanina
Published: January 2023

Introduction: The new norm of the COVID-19 pandemic may alter the behaviour of an individual either in a positive or negative health-seeking behaviour. The higher education institution may be fully operating someday and students need to practice positive health-seeking behaviour to prevent transmission of the COVID-19 virus. This study aims to identify the behavioural responses of educated young adults towards their health during COVID-19. This study also aims to determine the relationship between health-seeking behaviour and perceived risk towards COVID-19 infection in the future and to determine the association between educational background and health-seeking behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted by distributing the online survey questionnaire adapted from a previous study in 2012 by Masuri et al. that assessed behaviour response towards H1N1 pandemic. 369 participants were included in this study. The data was analysed statistically by using SPSS version 26. Results: The majority of young educated adults (90.8%) showed positive health-seeking behaviour. The result showed no significant differences (p > 0.05) in health-seeking behaviours and perceived risk towards COVID-19 infection. A significant association was found between educational background; educational level (p= 0.015) and courses (p= 0.002) with health-seeking behaviour. Conclusion: This study shows that government and schools/universities/institutions need to provide effective health promotion programs for educated young adults.
The Comparison Study on the Effect of Videotape and Didactic Teaching Method in Clinical Skills Among Nursing Students in UiTM
Authors: Sh Abdullah Sharifah Shafinaz , Mohamed Zali Nurul Natrah , Mohd Radzi Noorazmira Diana , Zahid Nur Arina Zayani
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Videotape and Didactic teaching are two important methods for clinical skill development among nursing students during their practical sessions. Thus, it is in high demand to evaluate the more effective method between these two methods. dis study aims to determine the effect of teaching by using video recordings during practical sessions. Methods: The designed questionnaires were provided to participants of several groups. One participant from each group was chosen randomly to teach the others the procedure using a checklist and is finally evaluated by the lecturer (project supervisor). After that, a postal questionnaire was given to each participant after which a crossover was made by exchanging the groups. The same procedures were followed in the second phase by switching the teaching methods, from the videotape method to the didactic method. The questionnaires were given for both pre and post-tests. Results: Overall findings of the study have presented no significant difference between the two teaching methods (p-value =0.325). Despite the majority of the participants in this study having preferred the didactic teaching method, no significant difference was found coz the p-value is determined as p>0.05. Conclusion: The study concludes that both videotape and didactic teaching methods match the students’ needs and should be used to achieve the objectives of learning.
Critical Care Nurses’ Competency in Electrocardiogram Interpretation: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ros Suriati Che , Isa Roslinda , Fauzi Rosuzeita , Isa Siti NorIsmalina , Wan Mansor Wan Arifin
Published: January 2023

Introduction: The electrocardiogram is used to assess the heart’s condition. Patients who come with symptoms of acute coronary syndrome must have the ECG immediately and the readings interpreted within 10 minutes, since any delays in giving treatment could result in significant tissue damage to the heart muscle. The objective was to determine the level of knowledge and practices regarding electrocardiogram (ECG) interpretation on cardiac arrhythmia among registered nurses working in critical care units. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among nurses at the critical care unit of Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun Ipoh, Perak. 105 respondents were recruited by convenience sampling. Respondents were given questionnaire on Knowledge and Practice on ECG interpretation. Results: this study found that 97.1% of the respondents have a good level of knowledge, while 76.2% have a good practice level regarding electrocardiogram interpretation on cardiac dysrhythmia. There were statistically significant differences in the knowledge level of ECG interpretation between the units in the hospital (χ2(3) = 33.962, p = 0.022) and education level (χ2(3) = 9.608, p < 0.001). There were statistically significant differences in the practice level of ECG interpretation between the years of working experience as a nurse (χ2(3) =13.726, p < 0.003) and working unit (χ2(3) = 21.887, p < 0.001). Conclusion: the level of knowledge regarding ECG interpretation on cardiac arrhythmia is generally good. Level of practice can be improved by the development of continuous education on ECG. Early detection of dysrhythmia is a crucial skill among nurses to give a prompt treatment.
Comparing Radiation Dose Between Contrast-Enhanced and Non-Contrast-Enhanced CTAC Acquisition in 18F-FDG-PET/CT Examination
Authors: Shamsuddin Nurul Saadiah , Thomas Sudin Ann Eryyna Lema , Mohamad Noor Shafini , Abdul Razak, Mohamad Shahrir Mansor Hairil Rashmizal , Mansor Mohamad Shahrir
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Hybrid Positron Emission Tomography with Computed Tomography (PET/CT) imaging is well established in the oncology setting. However, in the current cancer diagnostic imaging approach in Malaysia patients need separate CT and PET/CT examinations for morphologic and physiologic cancer staging, respectively, as PET/CT is unable to produce images with optimum diagnostic quality. Therefore, introducing contrast media into CT attenuation correction (CTAC) acquisition to increase image quality have raised concerns on heightened radiation exposure. This study aimed to verify the amount of external radiation exposure irradiated to the patient converging to the scanning protocol implemented in whole-body (WB) 18F-FDG-PET/CT examination. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted to determine the radiation dose delivered during CTAC acquisition of 18F-FDG-PET/CT examination at three hospitals providing PET/CT imaging services in Penang State. The implemented scanning protocols and parameters, and the effective dose received by the patient were analysed based on dose length product (DLP) and CTDIvol reported by the scanner. Results: CTAC of WB 18F-FDG-PET/CT imaging was executed as either non-contrast (NC-CTAC) or contrast-enhanced (CE-CTAC). CE-CTAC produced a 250% higher radiation dose compared to NC-CTAC. The scanning parameter differences that significantly contributed to increased radiation dose were the tube current and pitch value. Conclusion: CE-CTAC delivered a higher radiation dose than NC-CTAC acquisition in WB 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging due to different mAs and pitch as scanning parameters.
Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences (2022) 18(SUPP15): 132-139. doi:10.478
Food Safety Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Among Food Handlers in Kirkuk City Hospitals, Iraq
Authors: Tawfeed Ali Abdullah Saleh , Azmi Alia , Mohd Shahid Nadiatul Syima
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Food safety and hygiene remains one of the important public health issues. In hospitals, poor food handling by food handlers during food preparation has been linked to many incidences of foodborne disease or food poisoning. This study assesses food handlers’ food safety knowledge, attitudes, and practises at Kirkuk city hospitals in Iraq. Method: Fifty food handlers from three hospitals in Kirkuk’s city centre were asked to complete a four-part questionnaire. Results: Results revealed that most respondents had a fair understanding of food safety, with the highest pass rate of 96% for knowledge of hand washing, 90% for knowledge of foodborne illness symptoms, and 80% for knowledge of cross-contamination. In regard to attitudes, 56% of participants had fair attitudes toward food safety, with highest marks observed for attitudes toward wearing gloves, masks, and head caps (90%), followed by cooking habits (90%). Food safety practises were also observed with 98% participants receiving a fair level of practice in terms of food safety hygiene. Spearman rho coefficient revealed a statistically significant weak positive correlation between knowledge and attitude scores (r = 0.304, P = 0.032). Conclusion: This study highlighted the important need for specific food safety education and training programmes to enhance food safety and practices understanding among hospital food handlers in Iraq.
The impact of climate change and variability on livestock production in pastoral communities and the sustainable coping mechanisms employed: A critical literature review
Authors: Moegi Yvonne
Published: January 2023

Purpose: Global climate change is a major threat facing humanity. The livestock production sector as a livelihood option is one key sector which will bore the brunt of these changes in climatic conditions. This paper aims to identify the impact of climate change and variability on livestock production among pastoral communities and the coping mechanisms adopted.

Methodology: This paper adopted a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main the themes.

Findings: The changes in these parameters (reducing rainfall and increasing temperature) have conspired to have negatively impacted on pasture quality and availability thus reducing livestock production in the area. Some of the coping mechanisms employed include seeking food relief, buying food on credit payable after droughts and selling herds, diversification of livestock species, increased mobility of livestock herd, seeking casual employment around the trading centers and engaging in petty trade.

Recommendations: Creating awareness on the changing parameters of weather is necessary in providing the communities with relevant information to prepare and develop sustainable coping mechanisms.
GROWTH PERFORMANCE, CARCASS YIELD AND COST IMPLICATIONS OF BROILERS FED WITH SPENT GRAIN AND ENZYME SUPPLEMENTED DIETS
Authors: ELILE C. F , C. R. ALIMELE , EZEKWE A. G.
Published: January 2023

Purpose: This study was aimed at investigating growth performance, carcass characteristics and cost of feed consumption of broilers fed with enzyme fortified diet containing high fibre content.

Methodology: One hundred and forty-four broilers of 7 d old were randomly assigned into nine treatments (SN1 to SN9) with each treatment replicated twice at eight birds per replicate. The experimental design used was a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement involving three levels of enzyme supplementation of 0 g, 0.5 g and 0.8 g per kg diet and three levels of spent grain inclusion of 0%, 6% and 12% in starter’s diet and 0%, 7% and 12% in finisher’s diets.

Findings: Results obtained proved that DFI, FW, WG, FCR and FC were affected (p < 0.05) in starter and finisher birds across treatments. Carcass traits (CW, TW, SW, WW, LW and HW) of finisher broilers were also affected (p < 0.05) in all treatments. Starter broilers fed SN3 diet had the best growth traits of the highest (p < 0.05) FW (1300.50 g) and WG (1149.58 g) value and the lowest (p < 0.05) DFI (73.03 g) and FCR (1.98) means. Finisher broilers fed SN3 diet expressed the highest (p < 0.05) FW (3221.54g), WG (1920.54 g) and DFI (177.23 g) means and the lowest (p < 0.05) FCR (2.71) value, while finisher broilers fed SN9 diet had lowest (p < 0.05) DFI value of 148.43 g. However, finisher broilers fed SN6 diet exhibited moderate growth performance and carcass yield at the lowest FC value of N362.50, while finisher broilers in treatment SN3 had the highest (p < 0.5) value of each carcass traits investigated.

Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: In conclusion, SN3 starter diet and SN6 finisher diet are therefore recommended to farmers because the diets showed better growth performance of broilers at low cost of feed consumption and SN6 diet showed good carcass traits of finisher broilers.
MANAGEMENT OF MEDICAL RECORDS FOR BETTER HEALTHCARE SERVICE DELIVERY
Authors: Orwa Brian
Published: January 2023

Purpose: Medical records management is significant in a hospital setup for it ensures that patient medical records are created, maintained, confidential, secured and retrieved easily. Time wastage in locating and retrieving medical records is disadvantageous in a medical institution. This largely affect patient with critical health conditions since medical record retrieval is difficult thus rendering ineffective healthcare services.

Methodology: This study used both qualitative and quantitative approaches with an aim of collecting more data to explain the aim of this research. The combination of the two research approaches gives the researcher the opportunity to collect numeric data. Feelings, opinions and interpretation of both the provider and the user of the healthcare services are based on the management of the medical records at Narok County Referral Hospital.

Results: The study established that Narok County Referral Hospital uses a paper based manual medical records management system which is centralized. At the time of the study this system was serving the hospital without many problems. The few problems that could be identified included the loss or misplacement of patient files which necessitated the opening of temporary files.

Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: This study focused on the management of medical records only at Narok County Referral Hospital. Narok County Referral Hospital do produce other records apart from the medical records, the study recommends that another study that will focus on other records be conducted.
Nigeria And Conflict Resolution in Mali: A Focus on Specific Contributions
Authors: Idagu Adie Edward , Obiageli Nwokedi Lawretta , Luka Mahwash Benedict
Published: January 2023

Purpose: This study focuses on the conflict in Mali and the specific contributions of Nigeria towards its resolution. It draws its data from the secondary sources such as textbooks, journals, articles, and the likes from the University of Abuja library, Abuja, the researchers’ libraries as well as the internet.Methodology: The study employs a qualitative method based on content analysis in analyzing the data collected. Also, the study adopts the theory of realism as a framework to provide explanation for Nigeria’s engagement in the conflict.Results: From the findings, it is cleared that Nigeria contributed significantly to the resolution of the Malian impasse, being the leader of the continent where Mali is located and having a clear foreign policy principle that promotes Africa centeredness. And more importantly, as a way to ensure her own survival since the dreaded Boko Haram set was reported to have established link with the terrorist group in Mali.Unique contribution to theory, policy and practice: Thus, some of these contributions were statement of condemnation, cash donation, personnel contribution and the initiation of peacekeeping mission among others. Some recommendations have also been made in the paper. Accordingly, Countries within the sub-region of West Africa should cooperate with and support Nigeria when necessary to chart a new course that will guarantee durable peace and stability in Mali; The Malian government and the rebel groups should always embrace dialogue as a way out of their conflict rather than resorting to violence; The Malian authority on its own acknowledged Nigeria’s crucial contribution towards the stability of Mali. This should be commended as the gesture will go a long way towards encouraging Nigeria to do more for others.
ISAAC AND THE WELL OF GERAR IN THE LIGHT OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE
Authors: Ndishua Julius
Published: January 2023

This article focuses on Isaac and the well of Gerar in the light of archaeological evidence. In the Old Testament, Well-Water was one of the primary sources alongside ‘springs’, ‘rainfall’, ‘dew’, ‘streams’ and ‘cisterns’. Today, the digging of boreholes for private and public consumption is similar to the idea of wells in the ancient Near East. The fundamental question is: is there archaeological evidence that supports the life and culture of the Patriarchs in the ancient Near-East, the excavation of Gerar and the evidence of wells? This research aims to examine the life of Isaac and the well of Gerar in light of archaeological evidence. The researcher used the bibliographical historical research method to evaluate facts. The findings revealed that the Nuzi, Mari, and Ebla tablets are significant archaeological discoveries that support the Patriarchs’ life and culture. Isaac the Patriarch was an actual figure who lived at Beersheba and Gerar from the excavation expeditions. He dug wells for domestic use and for his cattle that brought about conflict between him and the people at Gerar. Besides, Isaac serves as an exemplary leader in conflict resolution. He did not fight back or hire men to fight for him when confronted; instead, he resolved the conflict faced at Gerar peacefully. Thus, in the light of archaeological evidence, Isaac the Patriarch serves as an exemplary leader for everyone to emulate in a hostile environment.
Impact of Gross Domestic Product on the Growth of Bond Markets in Kenya
Authors: Amenya Linet Moraa , Muturi Willy Muturi , Oluoch Oluoch Oluoch , Kagiri Assumpta Kagiri
Published: January 2023

Purpose: Bond markets are an example of financial markets that are very essential in promoting greater economic efficiency by channeling funds from savers to investors. This study investigated the influence of gross domestic product on growth of bond market in Kenya. The study further examined the moderating effect of diaspora remittance on the relationship between gross domestic product and the growth of bond market in Kenya.

Methodology: Secondary data was obtained from the CBK, KNBS and NSE and covered a period of 20 years. Time series regression analysis was used in the study. The study employed descriptive research design.

Findings: The study established that the gross domestic product had a major effect on the growth of bond market for the period of study. The study findings revealed that the GDP had a strong positive influence on the growth of bond markets. After moderation the effect improved more with the significance p-value. The study concluded that there was a positive statistically significant effect of GDP on bond market growth in Kenya.

Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: The study recommended that the capital market authority as a policy maker should enhance policies that promote investment in the bond market. Further studies should also be carried out incorporating other macroeconomic variables not included in this study. Finally, the study also recommended that CBK should ensure that it improves on measures that control the GDP and diaspora remittance as they influence the growth of bond market.
PREDICTING BANKRUPTCY OF COMPANIES: EVIDENCE FROM GHANAIAN LISTED BANKS
Authors: Antwi Joseph , SALIFU IBRAHIM , Sarkodie Eric
Published: January 2023

Purpose: The study assessed the performances of Ghanaian banks in terms of their liquidity, solvency and profitability by applying financial ratios on the published audited financial statements and further predicted the bankruptcy of the selected banks with the application of Altman Z-model for selected banks in Ghana Stock Exchange.

Methodology: Data gathered was analyzed using liquidity, leverage and profitability ratios as well as Altman Z-score. Current ratio and quick ratio were used to assess the liquidity of the banks. Additionally, debt to asset ratio and debt to equity ratio were utilized to find out the solvency of the banks. Whereas, return on assets and return on equity were employed to examine the profitability of the banks. Finally, working capital to assets, retained earnings to assets, earnings before tax to assets and market value of equity to liabilities were the ratios employed to determine the Z-scores.

Results: Findings revealed that the liquid positions of the banks were below expectations. As far as the solvency positions of the banks were concerned, findings revealed the sector is highly leveraged. Analysis of the profitability position showed that the banks are fairly profitable as their profit averages were above that of the industry. Again, the Altman Z-score model revealed that all the selected banks except one were in corporate distress and far below the standard ratio to be in safe zone and thus, were likely to declare bankrupt.
Volatility dynamics of the Botswana Stock Exchange (BSE). Good or Bad for Investors?
Authors: Kambeu Edson , Mbudaya Justine
Published: January 2023

Purpose: Volatility can be a risk if it results to investors generating negative returns. On the other hand, it can be an opportunity if it results in investors generating positive returns. Whether volatility generates positive returns or negative returns for investors may depend on the general volatility dynamics of a stock market. The concern is that the volatility levels of BSE stocks may not be enhancing the returns of investors. Therefore, the study investigated whether the volatility dynamics of BSE are good or bad for investors.

Methodology: Using market data from 2011 to 2013, we employ a GARCH-M (1,1) model to find out if BSE volatility dynamics are enhancing the returns of stocks listed on the stock exchange.

Findings: The results showed that the risk coefficient in the mean returns is significant but negative. This implied that the returns of stocks listed on the BSE are significantly, but negatively related to market volatility. Therefore, we concluded that the current market volatility dynamics of the BSE are not enhancing the returns of investors and are bad for investors in the short-term.

Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: We recommend that investors use a buy and hold strategy in order to realize positive returns.
FEED INTAKE AND GROWTH RATE OF WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOATS FED DIFFERENT PROPORTIONS OF RUMEN WASTE, POULTRY WASTE AND CASSAVA PEEL WASTE
Authors: Inweh D. A. , Ikhatua U. J. , Bamikole M. A.
Published: January 2023

Purpose: Rumen waste, poultry waste and cassava peel waste are sources of environmental pollution but could serve as feed resources for ruminant animals. This study was undertaken to ascertain the nutritive value of composite diets with varied proportions of these waste in West African dwarf goats.

Methodology: Four experimental diets were formulated in which diet 1 was a standard (control) diet. Diets 2, 3 and 4 contained the wastes in varied proportions of 5, 15, and 25%. The goats where offered a basal diet of concentrate containing Brewer’s dried grain (BDG), vitamin/mineral salts mixtures and Panicum maximum. A feeding trial was conducted using sixteen (16) West African dwarf (WAD) goats in a completely randomized design (CRD). Feed intake and weight changes were determined. Chemical composition of the experimental diets was analyzed.      

Findings: Results of chemical composition of the diets showed absence of significant (P > 0.05) variation in nutritional composition except diet 3, which had greater (P < 0.05) value of Crude Protein (21.00 %) and NDF (61.00 %). Also, diets 2 and 3 had the least (P < 0.05) metabolizable energy of 3.91 and 5.65 MJ/Kg DM respectively. Results of feeding trial showed significantly (P < 0.05) low nutrient intakesfor composite diets 2, 3 and 4 compared to the control (diet 1). Growth performance result showed that goats on diet 1 and 4 significantly (P < 0.05) gained weight (1.07kg and 0.97kg respectively), while goats on diet 2 and 3 significantly (P < 0.05) lost weight (-1.63kg and -0.56kg respectively). Feed conversion efficiency followed a similar trend. Results shows that the goats on diet 1(control) and diet 4 (25% RW, 5% PW and 15% CP) were better utilized by the WAD goats during the feeding trial. This difference can be attributed to poor palatability and acceptability of diets 2 and 3 as well as nutrient imbalance as required for proper rumen function. Therefore, an appropriate combination of these non-conventional feed materials or wastes, as indicated by diet 4, can be fed successfully to small ruminant animals.
A Critical Analysis on the Refutation of Innate Ideas in John Locke’s Philosophical Thoughts
Authors: Kioko Richard Mutuku
Published: January 2023

Epistemology is an attempt to understand the role of knowledge, its origin, development and validity. The scientists, psychologists, educationalists, moral philosophers – all are analyzing the importance of epistemology in the knowledge process. Epistemology is considered one of the branches of knowledge, and it supports logic by emphasizing the interrelation between the two. While explaining the significance of epistemology R.M. Chisholm says that it deals with issues like the distinction between knowledge and true opinion and the relation between conditions of truth and criteria of evidence. Such issues constitute the subject matter of the theory of knowledge. In the history of Western philosophy, the modern period is significant because, during this period, there were two schools of thought regarding the validity of knowledge and emerged. One is Rationalism, and the other is Empiricism. Rationalism emphasizes that the source of knowledge is the reason. However, the Empiricism emphasizes experience as the basis for knowledge. In both movements, namely, rationalism and empiricism, epistemology has been attempting to find the answers to some questions: What do we know? How do we know? What are the sources of knowledge? What is the difference between belief and knowledge? Furthermore, is it possible to get valid knowledge? The prominent empiricist John Locke read the writings of Descartes. He rejected Descartes' innate ideas logically, and he has elaborately explained the source of knowledge, the limit of knowledge, validity of knowledge, and its kinds in his Essay Concerning Human Understanding. His empiricism received much criticism from the latest philosophers because he adapted some philosophical ideas from the pioneers. This article aims to justify whether John Locke’s epistemology is neutral by explaining the basic characteristic of empiricism and its critiques. This study as a qualitative approach depends both on the primary as well as secondary sources related to the study as books. This study attempts to understand Locke from a critical standpoint. In the end, an attempt is made to show how Locke's central and bias philosophy has relevance even today.
Influence of Geography on Various Career Choices in Africa. A Critical Literature Review
Authors: Kariuki Robert Kariuki
Published: January 2023

Purpose: Education and training should therefore consider the role of geography in instilling learners with basic foundation skills to tackle the various challenges faced in the society. The overall objective of this study was to examine influence of influence of Geography on various career choices in Africa. A critical literature review

Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps.

Findings: The findings of the study indicate that a large percentage of students aspire to pursue careers that are related to Geographic Information systems (GIS) and cartography. Careers in economic geography and physical geography follow closely. The least aspired careers by students are those related to geographic education and regional geography. This shows that learners aspire for careers that are related to information and communication technology because GIS entails use of computers while cartography also entails use of computer technology such as Google maps and Global Positioning System (GPS).The fact that geography has a topic on map interpretation makes the learners to be familiar with map work; this could also be a reason why they have an interest in cartography.

Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: The study recommends that the importance of geography subject should be emphasized on learners at the early stages of secondary school such as form one and two. This will enable the learners to make informed subject choice because it will have an impact on their career prospects. Students who love geography subject should be encouraged to study it and encouraged to pursue careers related to geography in tertiary colleges and university. More learners should be encouraged by teachers and parents to choose geography because it covers a wide scope in terms of socio-economic activities that man is involved in. This will make the learner to be an all-round person who can bring development to the society.
GEOTECHNICAL PROPERTIES AND AGGREGATE QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF MARL DEPOSIT IN AFIKPO AREA, SOUTHEASTERN NIGERIA
Authors: Sunday E.U , Owonaro B.J , Okeke O.C , Amadi C. C , Okonkwo S. I , Ofoh J. I , Iwuoha P. O
Published: January 2023

Purpose: Marl is an impure limestone that is generally not good for cement production because of its low calcium carbonate content. Aggregates derived from marl deposit in Afikpo Area, Southeastern Nigeria, are currently being used in construction of concrete structures and highway pavements by construction companies and individuals. There is no published information on the suitability of the aggregates for such uses. The purpose of this study was to determine the suitability of the aggregates as components of concrete and highway pavements in terms of satisfying the non-swelling and acceptable strength characteristics / requirements.

Methodology: Geotechnical tests including Atterberg limits (liquid limit, plastic limits and plasticity index), linear shrinkage and free swell were used to evaluate the swelling characteristics; while physico- mechanical tests including specific gravity, water absorption. Aggregate Crushing Values (ACV), Aggregate Impact Value (AIV) and Los Angele Abrasion Value (LAAV) were used to evaluate the strength characteristics. The field studies indicate that the marl deposit is associated with Ezeaku Formation of Lower Benue Trough. Results: Results of geotechnical tests indicate liquid limit, plasticity index, linear shrinkage and free swell values of 29.50%, 4.60%, 0.36% and 10.00%, respectively. Similarly, results of physico-mechanical tests indicate specific gravity, water absorption, ACV, AIV and LAAV values of 2.58%, 1.90%. 23.50% 29.45% and 42.70%, respectively.

Unique  contribution  to  theory,  practice  and  policy: Since the results satisfy the non-swelling characteristics (plasticity index < 12%, linear shrinkage < 8% and free swell < 50%) and acceptable strength characteristics (water absorption < 3%, ACV < 30%, AIV < 30% and LAAV < 45%) requirements for good concrete and highway pavement aggregates, aggregates derived from marl deposit in Afikpo Area, Southeastern Nigeria, are strongly recommended to be used as aggregates in concrete and highway pavement construction.
Waves in the Costal and Oceanic Regions.
Authors: Waithaka Kariuki R
Published: January 2023

Purpose: The aim of the paper is to assess the waves techniques in the costal and oceanic regions. Methodology: One obvious way of measuring waves is to follow the three-dimensional motion of the water particles at the sea surface. This can be done with a buoy that closely follows the motion of these water particles by floating at the surface.

Findings: Ocean waves are generally not observed and modelled in all their detail as they propagate across the ocean, into shelf seas and finally into coastal waters. Such details are generally not required and they are certainly beyond our capacity to observe and compute (except on a very small scale). The alternative is to consider the statistical characteristics of the waves. In advanced techniques of observing and modelling, these statistical characteristics are represented by the wave spectrum, which can be determined either from observations or with computer simulations based on wind, tides and seabed topography.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERCEIVED PATERNAL CARE AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS AMONG ADOLESCENT BOYS IN KIAMBU COUNTY
Authors: Kuboka Venoranda Rebecca , Gitonga Dr. Ciriaka
Published: January 2023

Purpose: Perceived paternal care is attributed to the development of depression among adolescents. Depression is characterized by moodiness, low interest in activities, acting out and aggressiveness. This study examined the relationship between perceived paternal care and development of depression among adolescent boys in selected secondary schools in Kiambu County, Kenya. In Kenya, few studies have been done to examine how paternal care predicts the development of depression among adolescent boy in Kenya. Many studies have examined how parenting styles contribute to depression in the context of both parents, that is, the mother and father. Few studies seem to focus on assessing how paternal care predicts the development of depression among boys in Kenya.Methodology: Spearman Rank Correlation was used to test the relationship between paternal care and development of depression. Stratified random sampling was used to select four boy’s schools. Purposive sampling was then used to select 87 boys who had fathers. Perceived parental care was assessed using the paternal nurturance scale. Depression scale was assessed using the Center Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC).Results: The study findings revealed that there is a negative correlation of (r= -.239) between perceived paternal care and depression among adolescent boys.Contribution: The findings of the study will help mental health practitioners to develop interventions that incorporate parents in addressing the psychological needs of adolescents.
Psychological Distress and Life Satisfaction of Konkomba Widows in the Saboba District, Ghana
Authors: Nkyi Anthony K , Djankpa Gladys Barkei , Osae Samuel
Published: January 2023

Purpose: The study sought to explore the influence of psychological distress and the life satisfaction among Konkomba widows who underwent widowhood rituals in the Saboba District in the Northern Region of Ghana. Specifically, the study sought to determine common widowhood rite practices that widows in the Saboba District undergo and to assess the level of life satisfaction among the Konkomba widows who have undergone widowhood rites in the Saboba district.Methodology: The purposive sampling technique stratified sampling technique, snowball sampling technique, and convenience sampling techniques were used to select one hundred and twenty (120) widows from the Saboba District. Data were analyzed using frequency distributions, means, standard deviations, regression analysis, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).Results: Analyses of data revealed that generally, Konkomba widows in the Saboba District have significantly low satisfaction with life. Findings also disclosed that psychological distress had significantly negative relation with satisfaction with life of widows. Again, specific psychological distress predictors of satisfaction with life were Hostility, Paranoid Ideation, and Anxiety.Contribution to practice, theory and policy: The findings of the study will guide counsellors, clinical psychologists and health practitioners to formulate policies and treatment procedures aimed at helping widows to overcome the psychological consequences associated with bereavement and the practices of the outmoded widowhood rites. It is will also provide a framework for government institutions, NGOs, counsellors and health practitioners to incorporate a more comprehensive approach where the attention is given to widows’ physical needs, psychological needs and social wellbeing.
PALLIATIVE CARE RESILIENCE: ADVERSITY QUOTIENT AMONG CANCER PATIENTS IN NAIROBI AND NYERI COUNTIES, KENYA
Authors: Wang’ombe Joyce , Kathungu Beatrice
Published: January 2023

Purpose: This study sought to find out the levels of Adversity Quotient among cancer patients attending palliative care in Nairobi and Nyeri Counties, Kenya.

Methodology: The study adopted a correlation research design. The target population were the cancer patients, attending treatment at the three palliative care units in Nairobi and Nyeri Counties. Systematic random sampling technique was used in the study to obtain a sample of 96 participants. Semi structured questionnaires were used to collect data. Data was analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics, namely Pearson Moment Correlation Coefficient(r).

 Findings: Results showed that the lowest adversity quotient level score attained by the respondents was 32, while the highest score was 93. The adversity quotients mean score was 68.98+13.54, signifying that the adversity quotient for the respondents was in the moderate level possibly because majority of them had been diagnosed with cancer between 1 to 2 years earlier hence may have still been overwhelmed by their illnesses and the subsequent cost in initiation of treatment and diet thus lowering their AQ to moderate levels.

Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Patients under palliative care could adopt group psychotherapy, including cognitive-behavioural, informational, non-behavioral, social support, and using unusual treatments such as music and art therapy to curb cancer. More cancer related programs enhancing patients AQ should be put in place by the counsellors in order to increase the patients AQ in the palliative care units from moderate level to high level of AQ in order to boost recovery outcomes
EFFICACY OF COGNITIVE BEHAVIOUR THERAPY ON REDUCING MALADAPTIVE BEHAVIOUR AMONG STUDENTS ENROLLED IN COUNSELLING, PSYCHOLOGY AND SOCIOLOGY OF EDUCATION (EPSE)
Authors: Egenti Dr. Nkechi T. , Ncheke Dr. Damian C. , Umah Dr. Sunday S. , Egwim Chisom Ezinne , Uzoagba Ngozi , De. Lilian C. Ozoemena
Published: January 2023

Purpose: The study investigated the efficacy of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) in the reduction of on maladaptive behaviour of undergraduate students. The purpose for the study came as a result of the increasing rate of maladaptive behaviour to which the researchers sought to find solutions. Pre-test-post-test randomized control trial experimental design was adopted by the researchers for the study.

Methodology: Sixty-four (64) maladaptive undergraduate students who were drawn through proportionate stratified random sampling technique constituted the sample for the study. The maladaptive students were randomly assigned to experimental (34) and control (30) groups. Maladaptive Assessment Scale for Students (MASS) and Maladaptive Behaviour Scale (MBS) were used for data collection. MASS and MBS were properly validated by experts in test development and the internal consistency reliability indices of the items estimated as 0.79 and 0.81 respectively using cronbach alpha method. Before the commencement of the testing and treatment package, the researchers assured the participants of confidentiality of interactions and personal information as they work together in self-disclosure. Thereafter, pre-treatment assessment (pre-test) was conducted using the MASS and MBS in order to collect baseline data (Time 1). After that, the experimental group was exposed to 90 minutes of the CBT programme twice a week for a period of 6 weeks. The treatment took place between September and November 2019. Post-test (Time 2) assessment was conducted 1 week after the last treatment (Time 3). Data collected were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance.

Results: The findings of the study revealed that the effect of cognitive behavioural therapy on reducing the maladaptive behaviour of undergraduate students was significant at post-test and follow-up measures. One of the contributions of the findings is that if undergraduate students are not properly counselled, their maladaptive behaviours will continue to increase.

Unique contribution to theory, policy and practice: Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that Federal Government or relevant education authorities should provide enough guidance counsellors in the various institutions of higher learning who will assist in the counselling of the students on the dangers of maladaptive behaviours using CBT. It is also recommended that counselors, psychologists among others should adopt cognitive behavioural therapy for handling maladaptive behaviour.