bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop of Liquids in Double-Pipe Fin-Tube Exchangers
Authors: De Lorenzo B. , Anderson E. D.
Published: December 2022

This paper presents data on the fin side of standard commercial-size longitudinally finned double-pipe exchangers. Three fin-tube sizes were investigated in heating and cooling for both heat transfer and pressure drop. The data indicate that the transition between laminar and turbulent flow begins at R < 400 for both heat transfer and pressure drop, corroborating results reported by previous investigators. Methods of evaluating heat-transfer coefficients and pressure drop for liquids inside tubes are applicable for liquids in the fin side of finned double-pipe exchangers. For values of R up to 4000 (approximately), recommended curves for fin-side heat transfer give higher coefficients than the values obtained, by the procedure outlined by the Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association for liquids flowing in tubes. A method is presented for determining the weighted average temperature of the outside surface of the fin tube to be used in evaluating μw in the viscosity gradient correction μ/μw.
Dimethyl-Silicone-Polymer Fluids and Their Performance Characteristics in Unilaterally Loaded Journal Bearings
Authors: Brophy J. E. , Militz R. O. , Zisman W. A.
Published: December 2022

This investigation concerns the practicability of using the dimethyl silicone polymer fluids as lubricants in unilaterally loaded journal-bearing machines. A specially designed bearing machine was used having forced-feed lubrication up to pressures of 26 psi. It was operated at a speed of 1725 rpm, and the oil-sump temperatures varied from 115 to 130 F, while the bearing temperatures varied from 150 to 240 F. Plain or chrome-plated high-carbon-steel shafts were used in conjunction with bearings of copper-lead, bronze, tin-base babbitt, cast iron, commercial brass, aluminum (17S), copper and Alfin metal. Cast-iron or steel bearings used in conjunction with steel journals were entirely unsatisfactory when lubricated with the silicone fluid. All of the nonferrous bearings performed satisfactorily with the silicone fluid. It was found that an organic silicon-containing film was formed during the long, slow, break-in process. The need for such a long break-in could be eliminated by the application of a technique of pretreating or lacquering the bearings with silicone oil before assembling the test machine. The method of pretreatment is described briefly. It was also discovered that such pretreated bearings were able to carry much higher than normal loads when operated in contact with petroleum lubricating oil.
Transmission conductance of a cylindrical tube with wall pumping
Authors: Noh Hyeongrae , Kim Jeehoon , Park Chongdo , Ha Taekyun
Published: December 2022

The concept of transmission conductance is required to describe phenomena occurring in a tube with wall pumping. This is because the gas flow is not constant along the length of the tube but decreases, which implies that the geometric conductance determined by dimensional parameters of the tube cannot be further used. In one of the previous studies, the transmission conductance of a cylindrical tube was analytically derived using the particle balance equation based on the continuity principle. However, the calculated results well agreed with those of the test particle Monte Carlo (TPMC) simulation only when the sticking coefficient was less than 0.1. This is due to the intrinsic limitation of the analytical method, in which the constant conductance of a tube of unit length with uniform wall pumping was used. In this study, we introduced another analytical method based on the cosine law and finite element analysis using the conductance of the tube of unit length as a function of the position in the tube, considering the beaming effect. Using both methods, the relative difference in transmission conductance with TPMC considerably decreased compared to the previous study when the sticking coefficient was greater than 0.1. The results can be used in the design of a non-evaporable getter coated tube or a cryogenic water pump using an adsorbing wall to determine characteristic dimensions. Furthermore, this can be employed in a windowless vacuum coupling or a distributed pumping system for various light source systems.
Neuromuscular embodiment of feedback control elements in
Drosophila
flight
Authors: Whitehead Samuel C. , Leone Sofia , Lindsay Theodore , Meiselman Matthew R. , Cowan Noah J. , Dickinson Michael H. , Yapici Nilay , Stern David L. , Shirangi Troy , Cohen Itai
Published: December 2022

While insects such as
Drosophila
are flying, aerodynamic instabilities require that they make millisecond time scale adjustments to their wing motion to stay aloft and on course. These stabilization reflexes can be modeled as a proportional-integral (PI) controller; however, it is unclear how such control might be instantiated in insects at the level of muscles and neurons. Here, we show that the b1 and b2 motor units—prominent components of the fly’s steering muscle system—modulate specific elements of the PI controller: the angular displacement (integral) and angular velocity (proportional), respectively. Moreover, these effects are observed only during the stabilization of pitch. Our results provide evidence for an organizational principle in which each muscle contributes to a specific functional role in flight control, a finding that highlights the power of using top-down behavioral modeling to guide bottom-up cellular manipulation studies.
Simultaneously enhanced tenacity, rupture work, and thermal conductivity of carbon nanotube fibers by raising effective tube portion
Authors: Zhang Xiao , De Volder Michael , Zhou Wenbin , Issman Liron , Wei Xiaojun , Kaniyoor Adarsh , Terrones Portas Jeronimo , Smail Fiona , Wang Zibo , Wang Yanchun , Liu Huaping , Zhou Weiya , Elliott James , Xie Sishen , Boies Adam
Published: December 2022

Although individual carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are superior to polymer chains, the mechanical and thermal properties of CNT fibers (CNTFs) remain inferior to synthetic fibers because of the failure of embedding CNTs effectively in superstructures. Conventional techniques resulted in a mild improvement of target properties while degrading others. Here, a double-drawing technique is developed to rearrange the constituent CNTs. Consequently, the mechanical and thermal properties of the resulting CNTFs can simultaneously reach their highest performances with specific strength ~3.30 N tex
−1
(4.60 GPa), work of rupture ~70 J g
−1
, and thermal conductivity ~354 W m
−1
K
−1
despite starting from low-crystallinity materials (
I
G
:
I
D
~ 5). The processed CNTFs are more versatile than comparable carbon fiber, Zylon and Dyneema. On the basis of evidence of load transfer efficiency on individual CNTs measured with in situ stretching Raman, we find that the main contributors to property enhancements are the increasing of the effective tube contribution.
A universal influenza mRNA vaccine candidate boosts T cell responses and reduces zoonotic influenza virus disease in ferrets
Authors: van de Ven Koen , Lanfermeijer Josien , van Dijken Harry , Muramatsu Hiromi , Vilas Boas de Melo Caroline , Lenz Stefanie , Peters Florence , Beattie Mitchell B. , Lin Paulo J. C. , Ferreira José A. , van den Brand Judith , van Baarle Debbie , Pardi Norbert , de Jonge Jørgen
Published: December 2022

Universal influenza vaccines should protect against continuously evolving and newly emerging influenza viruses. T cells may be an essential target of such vaccines, as they can clear infected cells through recognition of conserved influenza virus epitopes. We evaluated a novel T cell–inducing nucleoside-modified messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine that encodes the conserved nucleoprotein, matrix protein 1, and polymerase basic protein 1 of an H1N1 influenza virus. To mimic the human situation, we applied the mRNA vaccine as a prime-boost regimen in naïve ferrets (mimicking young children) and as a booster in influenza-experienced ferrets (mimicking adults). The vaccine induced and boosted broadly reactive T cells in the circulation, bone marrow, and respiratory tract. Booster vaccination enhanced protection against heterosubtypic infection with a potential pandemic H7N9 influenza virus in influenza-experienced ferrets. Our findings show that mRNA vaccines encoding internal influenza virus proteins represent a promising strategy to induce broadly protective T cell immunity against influenza viruses.
High-efficiency blue-emission crystalline organic light-emitting diodes sensitized by “hot exciton” fluorescent nanoaggregates
Authors: Yang Jingjie , Hu Dehua , Zhu Feng , Ma Yuguang , Yan Donghang
Published: December 2022

Sensitizing fluorescent materials is an effective way to maximally use excitons and obtain high-efficiency blue organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, it is a persistent challenge for present amorphous thin-film OLEDs to improve photon emission under low driving voltage, severely impeding the development of OLED technology. Here, we propose a novel OLED architecture consisting of a crystalline host matrix (CHM) and embedded “hot exciton” nanoaggregates (HENAs), which effectively sensitize blue dopant (D) emission. Owing to the advantages of the crystalline thin-film route, the device exhibits largely enhanced blue photon output [Commission International de L’Eclairage coordinates of (0.15, 0.17)], with a low turn-on/operation voltage of 2.5 V (at 1 cd/m
2
)/3.3 V (at 1000 cd/m
2
), an extremely low Joule heat loss ratio (7.8% at 1000 cd/m
2
), and a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) up to 9.14%. These areal photon output features have outperformed the present amorphous thin-film blue OLEDs with high EQE, demonstrating that the CHM-HENA-D OLED is promising for future OLEDs.
Asymmetric signaling across the hierarchy of cytoarchitecture within the human connectome
Authors: Parkes Linden , Kim Jason Z. , Stiso Jennifer , Calkins Monica E. , Cieslak Matthew , Gur Raquel E. , Gur Ruben C. , Moore Tyler M. , Ouellet Mathieu , Roalf David R. , Shinohara Russell T. , Wolf Daniel H. , Satterthwaite Theodore D. , Bassett Dani S.
Published: December 2022

Cortical variations in cytoarchitecture form a sensory-fugal axis that shapes regional profiles of extrinsic connectivity and is thought to guide signal propagation and integration across the cortical hierarchy. While neuroimaging work has shown that this axis constrains local properties of the human connectome, it remains unclear whether it also shapes the asymmetric signaling that arises from higher-order topology. Here, we used network control theory to examine the amount of energy required to propagate dynamics across the sensory-fugal axis. Our results revealed an asymmetry in this energy, indicating that bottom-up transitions were easier to complete compared to top-down. Supporting analyses demonstrated that asymmetries were underpinned by a connectome topology that is wired to support efficient bottom-up signaling. Lastly, we found that asymmetries correlated with differences in communicability and intrinsic neuronal time scales and lessened throughout youth. Our results show that cortical variation in cytoarchitecture may guide the formation of macroscopic connectome topology.
Untethered unidirectionally crawling gels driven by asymmetry in contact forces
Authors: Pantula Aishwarya , Datta Bibekananda , Shi Yupin , Wang Margaret , Liu Jiayu , Deng Siming , Cowan Noah J. , Nguyen Thao D. , Gracias David H.
Published: December 2022

Reversible thermoresponsive hydrogels, which swell and shrink (deswell) in the temperature range of 30° to 60°C, provide an attractive material class for operating untethered soft robots in human physiological and ambient conditions. Crawling has been demonstrated previously with thermoresponsive hydrogels but required patterned or constrained gels or substrates to break symmetry for unidirectional motion. Here, we demonstrate a locomotion mechanism for unidirectionally crawling gels driven by spontaneous asymmetries in contact forces during swelling and deswelling of segmented active thermoresponsive poly(
N
-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM) and passive polyacrylamide (pAAM) bilayers with suspended linkers. Actuation studies demonstrate the consistent unidirectional movement of these gel crawlers across multiple thermal cycles on flat, unpatterned substrates. We explain the mechanism using finite element simulations and by varying experimental parameters such as the linker stiffness and the number of bilayer segments. We elucidate design criteria and validate experiments using image analysis and finite element models. We anticipate that this mechanism could potentially be applied to other shape-changing locomotors.
A single-shot ChAd3-MARV vaccine confers rapid and durable protection against Marburg virus in nonhuman primates
Authors: Hunegnaw Ruth , Honko Anna N. , Wang Lingshu , Carr Derick , Murray Tamar , Shi Wei , Nguyen Lam , Storm Nadia , Dulan Caitlyn N. M. , Foulds Kathryn E. , Agans Krystle N. , Cross Robert W. , Geisbert Joan B. , Cheng Cheng , Ploquin Aurélie , Stanley Daphne A. , Geisbert Thomas W. , Nabel Gary J. , Sullivan Nancy J.
Published: December 2022

Marburg virus (MARV) causes a severe hemorrhagic fever disease in primates with mortality rates in humans of up to 90%. MARV has been identified as a category A bioterrorism agent by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and priority pathogen A by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), needing urgent research and development of countermeasures because of the high public health risk it poses. The recent cases of MARV in West Africa underscore the substantial outbreak potential of this virus. The potential for cross-border spread, as had occurred during the 2014–2016 Ebola virus outbreak, illustrates the critical need for MARV vaccines. To support regulatory approval of the chimpanzee adenovirus 3 (ChAd3)–MARV vaccine that has completed phase 1 trials, we showed that the nonreplicating ChAd3 vector, which has a demonstrated safety profile in humans, protected against a uniformly lethal challenge with MARV/Ang. Protective immunity was achieved within 7 days of vaccination and was maintained through 1 year after vaccination. Antigen-specific antibodies were an immune correlate of protection in the acute challenge model, and their concentration was predictive of protection. These results demonstrate that a single-shot ChAd3-MARV vaccine generated a protective immune response that was both rapid and durable with an immune correlate of protection that will support advanced clinical development.
Metagenome-Assembled Genome of a
Cyclobacteriaceae
Bacterium, HetDA_MAG_MS6, Isolated from a
Trichodesmium
Consortium from Station ALOHA
Authors: Roemer Joshua T. , Graham Elaina D. , Heidelberg John F. , Webb Eric A.
Published: December 2022

Here, we describe the metagenome-assembled genome (MAG) HetDA_MAG_MS6. HetDA_MAG_MS6 was obtained from an enrichment of the heterocystous diazotroph HetDA, which was isolated near Station ALOHA. The MAG was placed in the
Cyclobacteriaceae
family and is predicted to be a chemoorganoheterotroph with the potential for ammonia uptake, phosphonate transport, and sulfolipid biosynthesis.
Characterizations of the Gut Bacteriome, Mycobiome, and Virome in Patients with Osteoarthritis
Authors: Chen Changming , Zhang Yue , Yao Xueming , Li Shenghui , Wang Guangyang , Huang Ying , Yang Yutao , Zhang Aiqin , Liu Can , Zhu Dan , Li Hufan , Yan Qiulong , Ma Wukai
Published: December 2022

The gut microbiome of OA patients was completely altered compared to that in healthy individuals, including 279 differentially abundant bacterial species, 10 fungal species and 627 viral operational taxonomic units (vOTUs). Functional analysis of the gut bacteriome and virome also revealed their functional signatures in relation to OA.
Incidence and epidemiology of conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma in relation to the HIV epidemic in South Africa: a 25-year analysis of the National Cancer Registry (1994–2018)
Authors: Stuart Kelsey Vernon , Shepherd Daniel John , Lombard Amy , Hollhumer Roland , Muchengeti Mazvita
Published: December 2022

Aims

To describe the incidence and epidemiology of conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) in South Africa over a 25-year period (1994–2018), with particular reference to the HIV epidemic.

Methods

Incident cases of histologically diagnosed CSCC were identified from the pathology-based South African National Cancer Registry. Crude and direct age-standardised incidence rates (ASIRs) per 100 000 persons (Segi World Standard Population) were calculated using national population statistics and compared by age, sex and ethnicity. Trends in the incidence and demographic features of CSCC were described and analysed. Incidence rates were compared with national HIV-related statistics for the same time period.

Results

In total, there were 9016 reported CSCC cases (women: 56.6%, black: 86.8%, mean age: 41.5 years). The overall ASIR was 0.78 per 100 000. Two distinct epidemiological patterns were identified: (1) older white men, and (2) younger black women. There was a sixfold increase in CSCC incidence rates between 1994 and 2009 with a corresponding shift from the first to the second disease profile. Despite rising HIV seroprevalence, CSCC incidence rates have declined since 2009. A strong ecological correlation (r=0.96) between CSCC incidence and widespread antiretroviral therapy (ART) provision was identified.

Conclusion

This study highlights the evolving trends and disease burden of CSCC in South Africa. Widespread ART provision is ecologically correlated with declining CSCC rates over the last decade. These findings are in keeping with reported trends for other HIV-related cancers and have important implications for future incidence studies and public health policy.
Risk factors for postoperative surgical site infections after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhao Di , Liang Gui-Hong , Pan Jian-Ke , Zeng Ling-Feng , Luo Ming-Hui , Huang He-Tao , Han Yan-Hong , Lin Fang-Zheng , Xu Nan-Jun , Yang Wei-Yi , Liu Jun
Published: December 2022

Objectives

The primary aim was to evaluate risk factors for surgical site infections after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). The secondary aim was to investigate the surgical site infection incidence rate and the mean time to postoperative surgical site infection symptoms.

Design

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data sources

PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were searched from database inception to September 2021 and updated in April 2022.

Eligibility criteria

Quantitative, original studies reporting potential risk factors for surgical site infections after ACLR were included.

Results

Twenty-three studies with 3871 infection events from 469 441 ACLRs met the inclusion criteria. Male sex (OR 1.78, p< 0.00001), obesity (OR 1.82, p=0.0005), tobacco use (OR 1.37, p=0.01), diabetes mellitus (OR 3.40, p=0.002), steroid use history (OR 4.80, p<0.00001), previous knee surgery history (OR 3.63, p=0.02), professional athlete (OR 4.56, p=0.02), revision surgery (OR 2.05, p=0.04), hamstring autografts (OR 2.83, p<0.00001), concomitant lateral extra-articular tenodesis (OR 3.92, p=0.0001) and a long operating time (weighted mean difference 8.12, p=0.005) were identified as factors that increased the risk of surgical site infections (superficial and deep) after ACLR. Age, outpatient or inpatient surgery, bone-patellar tendon-bone autografts or allografts and a concomitant meniscus suture did not increase the risk of surgical site infections. The incidence of surgical site infections after ACLR was approximately 1% (95% CI 0.7% to 1.2%). The mean time from surgery to the onset of surgical site infection symptoms was approximately 17.1 days (95% CI 13.2 to 21.0 days).

Conclusion

Male sex, obesity, tobacco use, diabetes mellitus, steroid use history, previous knee surgery history, professional athletes, revision surgery, hamstring autografts, concomitant lateral extra-articular tenodesis and a long operation time may increase the risk of surgical site infections after ACLR. Although the risk of surgical site infections after ACLR is low, raising awareness and implementing effective preventions for risk factors are priorities for clinicians to reduce the incidence of surgical site infections due to its seriousness.
Incidence and burden of illness at the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games held during the COVID-19 pandemic: a prospective cohort study of 66 045 athlete days
Authors: Derman Wayne , Runciman Phoebe , Eken Maaike , Boer Pieter-Henk , Blauwet Cheri , Bogdos Manos , Idrisova Guzel , Jordaan Esme , Kissick James , LeVan Philipe , Lexell Jan , Mohammadi Fariba , Patricio Marcelo , Schwellnus Martin , Webborn Nick , Willick Stuart E , Yagishita Kazuyoshi
Published: December 2022

Objective

To describe the incidence and burden of illness at the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games, which was organised with strict COVID-19 countermeasures.

Methods

Daily illnesses were recorded via the web-based injury and illness surveillance system (teams with their own medical staff; n=81), and local polyclinic services (teams without their own medical staff; n=81). Illness proportion, incidence and burden were reported for all illnesses and in subgroups by sex, age, competition period, sports and physiological system.

Results

4403 athletes (1853 female and 2550 male) from 162 countries were monitored for the 15-day period of the Tokyo Paralympic Games (66 045 athlete days). The overall incidence of illnesses per 1000 athlete days was 4.2 (95% CI 3.8 to 4.8; 280 illnesses). The highest incidences were in wheelchair tennis (7.1), shooting (6.1) and the new sport of badminton (5.9). A higher incidence was observed in female compared with male athletes (5.1 vs 3.6; p=0.005), as well as during the precompetition versus competition period (7.0 vs 3.5; p<0.0001). Dermatological and respiratory illnesses had the highest incidence (1.1 and 0.8, respectively). Illness burden was 4.9 days per 1000 athlete days and 23% of illnesses resulted in time loss from training/competition>1 day.

Conclusion

The incidence of illness at the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games was the lowest yet to be recorded in either the summer or winter Paralympic Games. Dermatological and respiratory illnesses were the most common, with the burden of respiratory illness being the highest, largely due to time loss associated with COVID-19 cases. Infection countermeasures appeared successful in reducing respiratory and overall illness, suggesting implementation in future Paralympic Games may mitigate illness risk.
Promising practices for the collaborative planning of integrated health campaigns from a synthesis of case studies
Authors: Bazant Eva , McPhillips-Tangum Carol , Shrestha Sumitra Devi , G S Preetha , Khera Ajay , Nic Lochlainn Laura , Habtamu Esmael , Patel Vivek I , Muhire Gladys , Saarlas Kristin N
Published: December 2022

A combination of public health campaigns and routine primary healthcare services are used in many countries to maximise the number of people reached with interventions to prevent, control, eliminate or eradicate diseases. Health campaigns have historically been organised within vertical (disease-specific) programmes, which are often funded, planned and implemented independently from one another and from routinely offered primary healthcare services. Global health agencies have voiced support for enhancing campaign effectiveness, including campaign efficiency and equity, through collaboration among vertical programmes. However, limited guidance is available to country-level campaign planners and implementers about how to effectively integrate campaigns. Planning is critical to the implementation of effective health campaigns, including those related to neglected tropical diseases, malaria, vitamin A supplementation and vaccine-preventable diseases, including polio, measles and meningitis. However, promising approaches to planning integrated health campaigns have not been sufficiently documented. This manuscript highlights promising practices for the collaborative planning of integrated health campaigns that emerged from the experiences of eight project teams working in three WHO regions. Adoption of the promising practices described in this paper could lead to enhanced collaboration among campaign stakeholders, increased agreement about the need for and anticipated benefits of campaign integration, and enhanced understanding of effective planning of integrated health campaigns.
Trajectories of ENDS and cigarette use among dual users: analysis of waves 1 to 5 of the PATH Study
Authors: Krishnan Nandita , Berg Carla J , Elmi Angelo F , Klemperer Elias M , Sherman Scott E , Abroms Lorien C
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Concurrent electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) and cigarette (dual) use is harmful. Identifying longitudinal trajectories of ENDS and cigarette use among dual users can help to determine the public health impact of ENDS and inform tobacco control policies and interventions.

Objectives

(1) To identify independent and joint trajectories of ENDS and cigarette use among wave (W) 1 adult dual users across W1 to W5 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study; and (2) identify W1 predictors of ENDS and cigarette joint trajectory group membership.

Methods

We used group-based trajectory modelling to estimate independent and joint trajectories of ENDS and cigarette use from wave 1 (W1; 2013–2014) to wave 5 (W5; 2018–2019) among W1 adult established dual users of ENDS and cigarettes (n=545) from the PATH Study. We used multinomial logistic regression to identify W1 predictors of joint trajectories.

Results

Two ENDS (early quitters=66.0%, stable users=34.0%) and three cigarette (stable users=55.2%, gradual quitters=27.3%, early quitters=17.5%) trajectories of W1 were identified. In joint trajectory analysis, 41.6% of participants were early ENDS quitters and stable cigarette users; 14.8% early ENDS quitters and gradual cigarette quitters; 14.6% stable ENDS users and stable cigarette users; 11.2% stable ENDS users and gradual cigarette quitters; 10.3% early ENDS quitters and early cigarette quitters; and 7.4% stable ENDS users and early cigarette quitters. Cigarette and ENDS use frequency, nicotine dependence, cannabis use and other non-combusted tobacco product use predicted trajectory group membership (p values <0.05).

Conclusions

Most dual users maintained long-term cigarette smoking or dual use, highlighting the need to address cessation of both products. Continued monitoring of trajectories and their predictors is needed, given ongoing changes to the ENDS marketplace.
Characterization and molecular evolution analysis of Periploca forrestii inferred from its complete chloroplast genome sequence
Authors: Wu Tianze , Deng Gang , Yin Qinggang , Chen Shilin , Zhang Yongping , Wang Bo , Xiang Li , Liu Xia
Published: December 2022

Periploca forrestii, a medicinal plant of the family Apocynaceae, is known as an effective and widely used clinical prescription for the treatment of rheumatoid diseases. In this study, we de novo sequenced and assembled the completement chloroplast (cp) genome of P. forrestii based on combined Oxford Nanopore PromethION and Illumina data. The cp genome was 153 724 bp in length and had four subregions. Moreover, an 84 433 bp large single-copy and a 17 731 bp small single-copy were separated by 25 780 bp inverted repeats (IRs). The cp genome included 132 genes with 18 duplicates in the IRs. A total of 45 repeat structures and 183 simple sequence repeats were detected. Codon usage showed a bias toward A/T-ending codons. A comparative study of Apocynaceae revealed that an IR expansion occurred on P. forrestii. The Ka/Ks values of eight species of Apocynaceae suggested that positive selection was exerted on the psaI and ycf2 genes, which might reflect specific adaptions to the P. forrestii particular growth environment. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Periplocoideae was a sister to Asclepiadoideae, forming a monophyletic group in the family Apocynaceae. This study provided an important P. forrestii genomic resource for future evolutionary studies and the phylogenetic reconstruction of the family Apocynaceae.
Single-state semiquantum private comparison based on Bell states
Authors: Geng Mao-Jie , Chen Ying , Xu Tian-Jie , Ye Tian-Yu
Published: December 2022

In this paper, a novel semiquantum private comparison (SQPC) protocol based on single kind of Bell states is proposed, which allows two classical parties to judge the equality of their private inputs securely and correctly under the help of a semi-honest third party (TP) who possesses complete quantum capabilities. TP is allowed to misbehave on her own but cannot conspire with anyone else. Our protocol needs none of unitary operations, quantum entanglement swapping or the reordering operations. Moreover, our protocol only needs to prepare single kind of Bell states as initial quantum resource. Detailed security analysis turns out that our protocol is secure against various outside and participant attacks. Compared with most of the existing SQPC protocols based on Bell states, our protocol is more feasible in practice.
Road tolling problem on a two-link parallel network based on the fundamental diagram
Authors: Li Xiaoyang , Zhang Peng , Guo Mingmin , Lin Zhiyang , Yang Wenchen
Published: December 2022

This paper studies a road tolling problem in which a road user travels from A to B either via road 1 by paying or via road 2 without charge. The route choice also obeys the user-equilibrium principle. However, the travel time is formulated as a strictly increasing function of the density through the velocity–density relationship or fundamental diagram, which significantly improves the formulation in the classical traffic assignment problem. Accordingly, the influence of toll rate on the road users, the administration department and the road runner is analyzed in detail, by assuming that the user demand is rigid and maximizing the total traffic flow and the runner’s benefits from the collection of toll fees.
CLAN CULTURE AND CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN CHINESE FAMILY FIRMS
Authors: ZHANG GUANGLI , XUE HUILI , GAO HAO , LIU XIAOYUAN
Published: December 2022

The clan cultural heritage accumulated over thousands of years is crucial for understanding corporate social responsibility (CSR) behaviors in Chinese family firms. This paper uses city-level genealogy density data to examine the impact of clan culture on family firms’ CSR behavior. Findings show that clan culture can significantly improve family firms’ CSR behavior, even considering the endogeneity. For the influence mechanism, we find that clan culture’s spirit of solidarity and mutual benefit and moral restraint effect are important influence mechanisms. We also analyze the moderating effects of ultimate shareholder experience, family involvement, and institutional environment on the relationship between clan culture and family firms’ CSR and find that clan culture shows a much larger impact on family firms’ CSR behavior in those firms with higher family involvement, lower government intervention, or whose ultimate shareholder has Cultural Revolution experience or lacks overseas experience.
HOW DOES THE WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT MECHANISM WORK FOR WTO MEMBERS? A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Authors: WU JIE , WOOD JACOB , LUO ZECHU , CHEN SHENGLAN
Published: December 2022

The WTO dispute settlement mechanism (DSM) is now facing a crisis of paralysis. Given such a challenging environment, this study examines factors affecting the participation of the WTO DSM by using bilateral data of WTO members from 1995 to 2017. Moreover, we provide a comparative analysis of the factors affecting the filing of cases at the WTO DSM between developed and developing countries across this period. By conducting the rare-event logistic regression method, we find that the export intensity, retaliation capability, economic power and economic threat are the main factors determining the initiation of trade disputes by WTO members. Moreover, the results from seemingly unrelated regressions suggest that economic power, proxied by the complainant country’s gross national income, is not a vital issue of importance that developed countries need to consider when deciding to initiate trade disputes; however, in contrast, developing countries still see it as an important factor affecting the use of DSMs, especially when the target countries are developed countries. Nonetheless, it is worth noting that in the later stage of the WTO, the impact of economic power no longer has any differential influence. On balance, these results reflect the efforts of the WTO to build a fair and rule-based DSM while also highlighting the urgent practical significance of maintaining a solid and effective mechanism for handling international trade disputes.
Low-Light Image Enhancement with Contrast Increase and Illumination Smooth
Authors: Leng Hongyue , Fang Bin , Zhou Mingliang , Wu Bin , Mao Qin
Published: December 2022

In image enhancement, maintaining the texture and attenuating noise are worth discussing. To address these problems, we propose a low-light image enhancement method with contrast increase and illumination smooth. First, we calculate the maximum map and the minimum map of RGB channels, and then we set maximum map as the initial value for illumination and introduce minimum map to smooth illumination. Second, we use the histogram-equalized version of the input image to construct the weight for the illumination map. Third, we propose an optimization problem to obtain the smooth illumination and refined reflectance. Experimental results show that our method can achieve better performance compared to the state-of-the-art methods.
SSLnDO-Based Deep Residual Network and RV-Coefficient Integrated Deep Fuzzy Clustering for Cotton Crop Classification
Authors: J Sheela , N Karthika , B Janet
Published: December 2022

The excellent classification accuracy of remote sensory images has led to a major expansion of their use in agricultural field surveillance in recent years. The accurate classification of crop is very significant for agricultural management and food security. There are diverse varieties of crops are available. Among them, each possesses same spectral curves. Due to increasing number of remote sensing information, a major limitation arises in the domain of crop classification is how to determine significant data from huge volume of information to maintain categorization accuracy and implementation time. Consequently, one of the main obstacles in the agricultural industry is the precise classification of crops. Deep Residual Network (ResNet)-based Social Sea Lion Driver Optimization (SSLnDO)-based Deep Fuzzy Clustering (DFC), where the distance is calculated using RV coefficient, are used to develop an effective method for classifying cotton crops. Finally, classification of the cotton crop is successfully accomplished using Deep ResNet, and the network classifier is trained by inserting produced SSLnDO. The vegetation index is generated for each color band independently. Combining the Social Ski Driver (SSD) optimization and the Sea Lion Optimization (SLnO) method yields the newly developed SSLnDO. A maximum testing accuracy of 0.940, a sensitivity of 0.931, and a specificity of 0.926 have been achieved by the designed model. When comparing the accuracy value produced by the proposed method for image-2 to the existing approaches, namely WLI-Fuzzy + BS-Lion NN, OSVM-OCNN, GAN, Hybrid CNN-RF, Deep learning, and Deep ResNet, they are 15.21%, 11.06%, 15.21%, 9.04%, 4.36%, and 2.3% higher.
Ichnological analysis and depositional setting of late Miocene marginal marine deposits from the Tafna Basin (northwestern Algeria)
Authors: Benzina Mostapha , Cherif Amine , Naimi Mohammed Nadir , Hebib Hakim , Bensalah Mustapha
Published: December 2022

The late Miocene marginal marine deposits of the Sikkak area (Tafna Basin, northwestern Algeria) encompass moderately diversified invertebrate trace fossils preserved mainly as epichnia. The present study documents for the very first time the trace fossils occurring in this area, where 16 ichnotaxa, dominated by post-depositional domichnial, repichnial and fodinichnial components, are reported: ?
Bifurculapes
isp.,
Diplocraterion
isp.,
Helminthoidichnites
isp., ?
Kouphichnium
isp., ?
Megagrapton irregulare
,
Ophiomorpha annulata, Ophiomorpha
cf.
nodosa
,
Oravaichnium
isp.,
Palaeophycus
isp.,
Planolites
cf.
beverleyensis
,
Planolites montanus
,
Ptychoplasma
isp.,
Skolithos
isp.,
S. linearis
,
Thalassinoides
isp. and
T. suevicus
. The main producers of the studied trace fossils are arthropods (crustaceans, limulids, insects), annelids (polychaetes, phoronids) and bivalves. These traces are commonly associated with sedimentary structures that are caused by hydrodynamics, suggesting high-energy conditions and opportunistic colonization within a marginal marine environment (i.e. backshore to foreshore), and corresponding to the
Skolithos
ichnofacies. The crustacean trace ?
Bifurculapes
and the limulid trackways
Kouphichnium
are reported herein for the first time in Algeria. Sedimentological data suggest an imbricated sandstone channel within a marginal marine setting and subaerial exposures indicated by mud-cracks. The foraminiferal assemblage, dominated by shallow marine species, therefore suggests a Tortonian age for these deposits.
Regional synthesis of the Ordovician geology and stratigraphy of China
Authors: Zhang Yuandong , Zhan Renbin , Zhen Yong Yi , Wang Wenhui , Liang Yan , Fang Xiang , Wu Rongchang , Yan Kui , Zhang Junpeng , Li Wenjie
Published: December 2022

China presently comprises several independent tectonic palaeoplates or terranes and parts of other blocks, which have been assembled over geological time. In the Ordovician, these blocks included South China, North China, Tarim, Qaidam, Junggar, Qiangtang-Qamdo, Lhasa and partially Himalaya, Sibumasu and Indochina, as well as the Altay-Xing'an and Songpan-Garze fold belts, which were discrete but near-adjacent. Twelve stratigraphic megaregions bounded by tectonic sutures or major fault zones can be recognized. Some of them are further differentiated into several regions according to the lithological and biotic facies or distinct stratigraphic sequences. Here, the palaeontologic features and biostratigraphic framework of these stratigraphic megaregions and regions are summarized. The unified biostratigraphic framework presented herein is supported by 33 graptolite biozones and 27 conodont biozones, together with supplementary biozones, communities or associations of brachiopods, trilobites, cephalopods, chitinozoans, acritarchs and radiolarians. With constraints of integrative chronostratigraphy, biostratigraphy, chemostratigraphy, cyclostratigraphy and magnetostratigraphy, along with some geochronologic data, our understanding of the temporal and spatial distribution of the Ordovician lithostratigraphic units on these major blocks has been significantly advanced. Vast amounts of new data accumulated in recent decades also constrain the major Ordovician geological and biotic events evident in China, such as marine anoxia, faunal turnovers and tectonic orogenies.
Timescale for the Kasimovian Stage
Authors: Wang Xiangdong , Hu Keyi , Li Ying
Published: December 2022

The Kasimovian Stage is the lower stage of the Upper Pennsylvanian Subsystem, in which a series of considerable biotic and abiotic events happened and changed the Earth. The Variscan orogeny and the Late Paleozoic Glaciation are two major events that caused geographical isolation of marine faunas and difficulties for a global correlation of biostratigraphy. Regional timescales of the Kasimovian across major continents are reviewed here. A global correlation of the Kasimovian is tentatively established based on a detailed review of major fossil groups such as conodonts, fusulines and some macrofossils. The index taxon for the base of the Kasimovian Stage has not been selected. The conodont species
Swadelina subexcelsa
,
Idiognathodus heckeli
,
I. turbatus
and
I. sagittalis
have good potential. Among them,
I
.
heckeli
is considered the best marker for the base of the Kasimovian Stage because it can mark a bioevent in a wide geographical range, and more importantly, it has a clear taxonomic definition within a phylogenetic lineage. The fusuline
Montiparus
might be regarded as an auxiliary marker to define the base of the Kasimovian based on its wider distribution. Other proxies, i.e. isotopic dating and strontium, carbon and oxygen isotopic stratigraphy throughout the Kasimovian, are also reviewed. The Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) candidates for the Kasimovian Stage include the Naqing section, South China, the Usolka section, South Urals and the Afanasievo section, Moscow Basin. The Naqing section is regarded as the most appropriate GSSP candidate in terms of its complete sedimentary succession, well-recorded conodont lineages and well-studied bio-, chemo- and cyclo-stratigraphy.
Domain-Invariant Feature Progressive Distillation with Adversarial Adaptive Augmentation for Low-Resource Cross-Domain NER
Authors: Zhang Tao , Xia Congying , Liu Zhiwei , Zhao Shu , Peng Hao , Yu Philip
Published: December 2022

Considering the expensive annotation in
Named Entity Recognition (NER
), Cross-domain NER enables NER in low-resource target domains with few or without labeled data, by transferring the knowledge of high-resource domains. However, the discrepancy between different domains causes the domain shift problem and hampers the performance of cross-domain NER in low-resource scenarios. In this article, we first propose an adversarial adaptive augmentation, where we integrate the adversarial strategy into a multi-task learner to augment and qualify domain adaptive data. We extract domain-invariant features of the adaptive data to bridge the cross-domain gap and alleviate the label-sparsity problem simultaneously. Therefore, another important component in this article is the progressive domain-invariant feature distillation framework. A multi-grained
MMD (Maximum Mean Discrepancy)
approach in the framework to extract the multi-level domain invariant features and enable knowledge transfer across domains through the adversarial adaptive data. Advanced
Knowledge Distillation (KD)
schema processes progressively domain adaptation through the powerful pre-trained language models and multi-level domain invariant features. Extensive comparative experiments over four English and two Chinese benchmarks show the importance of adversarial augmentation and effective adaptation from high-resource domains to low-resource target domains. Comparison with two vanilla and four latest baselines indicates the state-of-the-art performance and superiority confronted with both zero-resource and minimal-resource scenarios.
Graph Attention Network for Text Classification and Detection of Mental Disorder
Authors: Ahmed Usman , Lin Jerry Chun-Wei , Srivastava Gautam
Published: December 2022

A serious issue in today’s society is Depression, which can have a devastating impact on a person’s ability to cope in daily life. Numerous studies have examined the use of data generated directly from users using social media to diagnose and detect Depression as a mental illness. Therefore, this paper investigates the language used in individuals’ personal expressions to identify depressive symptoms via social media. Graph Attention Networks (GATs) are used in this study as a solution to the problems associated with text classification of depression. These GATs can be constructed using masked self-attention layers. Rather than requiring expensive matrix operations such as similarity or knowledge of network architecture, this study implicitly assigns weights to each node in a neighbourhood. This is possible because nodes and words can carry properties and sentiments of their neighbours. Another aspect of the study that contributed to the expansion of the emotion lexicon was the use of hypernyms. As a result, our method performs better when applied to data from the Reddit subreddit Depression. Our experiments show that the emotion lexicon constructed by using the Graph Attention Network ROC achieves 0.91 while remaining simple and interpretable.
A PTAS for Capacitated Vehicle Routing on Trees
Authors: Mathieu Claire , Zhou Hang
Published: December 2022

We give a polynomial time approximation scheme (PTAS) for the unit demand capacitated vehicle routing problem (CVRP) on trees, for the entire range of the tour capacity. The result extends to the splittable CVRP.
Control Performance Analysis of Automotive Cyber-physical Systems: A Study on Efficient Formal Verification
Authors: Panahi Vahid , Kargahi Mehdi , Faghih Fathiyeh
Published: December 2022

Automotive cyber-physical systems consist of multiple control subsystems working under resource limitations, and the trend is to run the corresponding control tasks on a shared platform. The resource requirements of the tasks are usually variable at runtime due to the uncertainties in the environment, necessitating some kinds of adaptation to deal with the resource limitations. Such adaptations may positively or negatively affect the control performance of several subsystems. Since there might be some thresholds on the control performances as quality constraints, this matter should be considered carefully to avoid any quality attribute constraint violation. This article proposes a scalable control performance constraint verification method for such a system that works based on a feedback scheduler. The scalability is the result of a control-aware pruning method. In case of a constraint violation, the designer may change the system configuration and perform re-verification. Our evaluations show that the proposed method scales well while preserving the verification soundness.
Challenges and Opportunities of Security-Aware EDA
Authors: Feldtkeller Jakob , Sasdrich Pascal , Güneysu Tim
Published: December 2022

The foundation of every digital system is based on hardware in which security, as a core service of many applications, should be deeply embedded. Unfortunately, the knowledge of system security and efficient hardware design is spread over different communities and, due to the complex and ever-evolving nature of hardware-based system security, state-of-the-art security is not always implemented in state-of-the-art hardware. However, automated security-aware hardware design seems to be a promising solution to bridge the gap between the different communities.

In this work, we systematize state-of-the-art research with respect to security-aware Electronic Design Automation (EDA) and identify a modern security-aware EDA framework. As part of this work, we consider threats in the form of information flow, timing and power side channels, and fault injection, which are the fundamental building blocks of more complex hardware-based attacks. Based on the existing research, we provide important observations and research questions to guide future research in support of modern, holistic, and security-aware hardware design infrastructures.