bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Callicarpanes A–L, Twelve New Clerodane Diterpenoids with NLRP3 Inflammasome Inhibitory Activity from Callicarpa integerrima
Authors: Bi De‐Wen , Zhao Ying‐Xin , Qiu Xiong , Zhang Xue‐Cong , Zhou Ya‐Ling , Zeb Muhammad Aurang , Pang Wen‐Hui , Li Rui , Wang Meng‐Ru , Cheng Bin , Zhang Jing‐Jing , Zhang Xing‐Jie , Li Xiao‐Li , Zhang Rui‐Han , Xiao Wei‐Lie
Published: November 2022

Twelve new clerodane diterpenoids named callicarpanes A–L (1–12), together with eight known compounds (13–20), were isolated from Callicarpa integerrima. Their structures were determined by comprehensive spectroscopic data. The calculated chemical shifts were used to identify relative configurations using DP4+ analysis. The absolute configurations (AC) were assigned based on quantum chemical calculations and X‐ray single‐crystal diffraction methods. Compounds 1, 3, 5, 9, 10, 12, 15, 16, and 19 showed significant inhibitory activity for NLRP3 inflammasome activation, with the IC50 against lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release ranging from 0.08 to 4.78 μM. Further study revealed that compound 10 repressed IL‐1β secretion and caspase‐1 maturation in J774A.1 cell as well as blocked macrophage pyroptosis.
Fluorescent Nanoassemblies in Water Exhibiting Tunable LCST Behavior and Responsive Light Harvesting Ability
Authors: Xiao Tangxin , Tang Lu , Ren Dongxing , Diao Kai , Li Zheng‐Yi , Sun Xiao‐Qiang
Published: November 2022

Responsive fluorescent nanomaterials have been received considerable attention in recent years. In this work, a bola‐type amphiphilic molecule, CSO, was synthesized which contains a hydrophobic cyanostilbene core and hydrophilic oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) coils at both sides. The cyanostilbene group is aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) active, while the OEG coils are thermo‐responsive. As a result, the CSO molecules can self‐assemble into blue‐fluorescent nanoassemblies with lower critical solution temperature (LCST) behavior in aqueous media. It is noteworthy that the LCST behavior can be reversibly regulated with changes in concentration and the introduction of K+. Intriguingly, fluorescence of CSO assembly shows a blue‐shift upon heating. Finally, by employing CSO as a light capturing antenna and energy donor, an artificial light harvesting system with tunable emission and thermo‐responsive characteristics was fabricated. This study not only demonstrates an integrated approach to create responsive fluorescent nanomaterials, but also shows great potential for producing luminescent materials and mimicking photosynthesis in nature.
Explicit distributed model predictive control design for chemical processes under constraints and uncertainty
Authors: Teng Yiming , Bai Jianjun , Wu Feng , Zou Hongbo
Published: November 2022

In multivariable industrial processes, the common distributed model predictive control strategy is usually unable to deal with complex large‐scale systems efficiently, especially under system constraints and high control performance requirements. Based on this situation, we use the distributed idea to divide the large‐scale system into multiple subsystems and transform them into the state space form. Combined with the output tracking error term, we build an extended non‐minimal state space model that includes output error and measured output and input. When dealing with system constraints, the new constraint matrix is divided into range and kernel space by using the explicit model predictive control algorithm, which reduces the difficulty of solving constraints in the extended system and further improves the overall control performance of the system. Finally, taking the coke furnace pressure control system as an example, the proposed algorithm is compared with the conventional distributed model predictive control algorithm using non‐minimal state space, and the simulation results show the feasibility and superiority of this method.
The clinicopathological significance and relapse predictive role of tumor microenvironment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma after radical surgery
Authors: Zheng Yiling , Huang Ning , Kuang Shuwen , Zhang Jing , Zhao Hong , Wu Jianxiong , Liu Mei , Wang Liming
Published: November 2022

Background

This study attempts to detect the expression of FoxP3, CD68, CD8α, and PD‐L1 in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), and analyze the relationship between the corresponding cells and clinicopathological characteristics as well as prognosis of ICC.

Methods

RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) provided the general landscape of the TME in ICC. A total of 99 ICC patients and the corresponding specimens were used for multiplex immunofluorescence and relapse‐free survival (RFS) was analyzed. Flow cytometry further validated the effect of regulatory T (Treg) cells on ICC relapse.

Results

RNA‐seq data showed that the infiltration of Treg cells, CD8+ T cells, and macrophages were likely associated with ICC relapse. The survival analysis based on multiplex immunofluorescence showed that the high FoxP3(+) Treg cells ratio and low CD68(+) macrophages ratio in mesenchyme were associated with higher RFS rate, respectively. Low FoxP3(+) Τreg cells ratio was associated with more perineural invasion, and high CD68(+) macrophages ratio was correlated with more lymph node metastasis. Cox regression analysis revealed that FoxP3(+) Treg cells ratio was an independent predictive factor for ICC relapse. Flow cytometry showed that TregIII was the predominant Treg cell subtype in both tumor tissue and peripheral blood of ICC patients, and high TregIII abundance in peripheral blood was significantly associated with longer RFS of ICC patients.

Conclusion

High FoxP3(+) Treg cells ratio in the mesenchyme of ICC tumor tissue predicted longer RFS and was an independent favorable prognostic factor for ICC patients. Among all Treg cell subtypes, TregIII in peripheral blood was correlated with the RFS of ICC patients.
Emergency steering collision avoidance control based on distributed driving intelligent vehicles
Authors: Zhu Shaopeng , Wei Bangxuan , Chen Chaoxin , Gao Jian , Ning Wenbo , Huang Zhi
Published: November 2022

Based on the distributed drive intelligent electric vehicle, considering the collision avoidance effect of the planned path, the path tracking accuracy, and the body stability requirements in the process of steering collision avoidance, this article proposes a control strategy for emergency steering collision avoidance. First, the fifth‐order polynomial method is used to generate collision avoidance paths, and then a designed cost function is used to evaluate and select the optimal collision avoidance path. Second, a decision‐making strategy that integrates multiple risk judgment models is built. Based on the model prediction method, a path tracking controller is built, and an optimization objective function is established to improve the tracking accuracy. In order to ensure the stability of the vehicle body, a vehicle stability controller is designed based on fuzzy theory. Finally, a vehicle‐in‐the‐loop intelligent driving algorithm test platform is built, and the control algorithm is tested through this platform. The test results show that compared with the pure path tracking control method, the control strategy is reasonable and effective and can better reduce the path tracking error and improve the vehicle's driving stability in the collision avoidance process.
Energy‐efficient animal tracking with multi‐unmanned aerial vehicle path planning using reinforcement learning and wireless sensor networks
Authors: Ergunsah Senol , Tümen Vedat , Kosunalp Selahattin , Demir Kubilay
Published: November 2022

In recent years, the integration of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has been a popular research domain in animal tracking due to animal habitats in harsh environments. A well‐designed WSN network provides a robust mechanism to detect the animal appearances which can be then collected by UAVs. In this paper, we first design a WSN‐based network model that eliminates the deficiencies of traditional WSNs by intelligently building a WSN topology. Second, we propose a multi‐agent (UAVs) Q‐learning‐based trajectory planning algorithm, which enables UAVs to acquire the detection information of the wild animal on time. Q‐learning algorithm coordinates the UAVs to visit WSN nodes containing fresh animal detection data in a timely manner according to past experience. The experimental results denotes that the proposed animal tracking system delivers significantly higher timely animal detection messages of 45% than the existing algorithms and the single agent Q‐learning approaches. The results also show that since the Zebras' movement contains some randomness, relatively high epsilon value (0.2) in the epsilon‐greedy mechanism of the Q‐learning provides highest rewards (timely delivered messages) for agents (UAVs). In the light of the results, it is clearly seen that intelligently designed WSN and UAV swarm combination could enable tracking of the wild animal in near real time.
Support Vector Machine based spectrum handoff scheme for seamless handover in Cognitive Radio Networks
Authors: Iyer Srikrishna , Velmurugan Thangappa , Prakasam Periasamy , Sumathi Durairaj , Suresh Kumar Thengalpalayam Rajamanickam
Published: November 2022

The advancements in wireless communication go in leaps and bounds ushering in due attention to spectrum sharing. Spectrum scarcity is one of the major limitations causing hardships in the existing wireless networks. Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs) emerge as a solution to tide over such humps. It prompts the secondary user (SU) to look out for unused spectrum and utilize them. The CRN helps the SU by permitting it to switch over to unused portions of the spectrum. When a primary user (PU) claims back the spectrum, SU is obliged to perform a spectrum handoff. The SU decides the type of policy to be chosen for the handoff. Such a decision‐making step during the handoff of the spectrum is imperative only if a changing policy is required. In this research work, Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), Logistic Regression and Support Vector Machine (SVM) are proposed and implemented for a seamless handoff in CRN. From the experimental verifications, it is observed that the training accuracy is 97.9% and 97.6% for ANN and SVM, respectively. But during the actual phase, SVM to a certain extent performed better. This is due to the convergence nature of SVM on global minima.
Genetically encoded tools for in vivo G‐protein‐coupled receptor agonist detection at cellular resolution
Authors: Kroning Kayla E. , Wang Wenjing
Published: November 2022

G‐protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the most abundant receptor type in the human body and are responsible for regulating many physiological processes, such as sensation, cognition, muscle contraction and metabolism. Further, GPCRs are widely expressed in the brain where their agonists make up a large number of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators. Due to the importance of GPCRs in human physiology, genetically encoded sensors have been engineered to detect GPCR agonists at cellular resolution in vivo. These sensors can be placed into two main categories: those that offer real‐time information on the signalling dynamics of GPCR agonists and those that integrate the GPCR agonist signal into a permanent, quantifiable mark that can be used to detect GPCR agonist localisation in a large brain area. In this review, we discuss the various designs of real‐time and integration sensors, their advantages and limitations, and some in vivo applications. We also discuss the potential of using real‐time and integrator sensors together to identify neuronal circuits affected by endogenous GPCR agonists and perform detailed characterisations of the spatiotemporal dynamics of GPCR agonist release in those circuits. By using these sensors together, the overall knowledge of GPCR‐mediated signalling can be expanded.
Evaluation of geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase inhibition as a novel strategy for the treatment of osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma
Authors: Haney Staci L. , Feng Dan , Chhonker Yashpal S. , Varney Michelle L. , Williams Jacob T. , Smith Lynette M. , Ford James B. , Murry Daryl J. , Holstein Sarah A.
Published: November 2022

Rab GTPases are critical regulators of protein trafficking in the cell. To ensure proper cellular localization and function, Rab proteins must undergo a posttranslational modification, termed geranylgeranylation. In the isoprenoid biosynthesis pathway, the enzyme geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGDPS) generates the 20‐carbon isoprenoid donor (geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate [GGPP]), which is utilized in the prenylation of Rab proteins. We have pursued the development of GGDPS inhibitors (GGSI) as a novel means to target Rab activity in cancer cells. Osteosarcoma (OS) and Ewing sarcoma (ES) are aggressive childhood bone cancers with stagnant survival statistics and limited treatment options. Here we show that GGSI treatment induces markers of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and triggers apoptotic cell death in a variety of OS and ES cell lines. Confirmation that these effects were secondary to cellular depletion of GGPP and disruption of Rab geranylgeranylation was confirmed via experiments using exogenous GGPP or specific geranylgeranyl transferase inhibitors. Furthermore, GGSI treatment disrupts cellular migration and invasion in vitro. Metabolomic profiles of OS and ES cell lines identify distinct changes in purine metabolism in GGSI‐treated cells. Lastly, we demonstrate that GGSI treatment slows tumor growth in a mouse model of ES. Collectively, these studies support further development of GGSIs as a novel treatment for OS and ES.
Discovery of pyrazole‐carbohydrazide with indole moiety as tubulin polymerization inhibitors and anti‐tumor candidates
Authors: Man Ruo‐Jun , Lu Tian , Zheng Chi‐Chong , Li Tong , Wu Meng‐Ke , Li Dong‐Dong , He Xue‐Mei
Published: November 2022

In this work, a series of indole‐containing pyrazole‐carbohydrazide derivatives A1‐A25 were synthesized, and their biological activity on tubulin polymerization inhibition and mitotic catastrophe was evaluated. For introducing indole group to CA‐4 pattern, the carbohydrazide linker was used for the first time. As the top hit, A18 suggested notable antiproliferation efficacy and tubulin polymerization inhibitory activity. Inferring comparable antitubulin effect with the positive control Colchicine, A18 indicated obviously lower cyto‐toxicity. The cell scratch test showed that A18 could block the cell migration, while the confocal imaging depicted that A18 could induce the mitotic catastrophe via a Colchicine‐like approach. The docking simulation visualized the probable binding pattern of A18. With the information in this work, some new hints on modification might be involved in further tubulin‐related investigations.
Preliminary data on oxytocin modulation of neural reactivity in women to emotional stimuli of children depending on childhood emotional neglect
Authors: Meier Isabell M. , Montoya Estrella R. , Spencer Hannah , Orellana Sofia C. , van Buuren Mariët , van Honk Jack , Bos Peter A.
Published: November 2022

Sensitivity for rewarding cues and distress signals from children is fundamental to human caregiving and modulated by the neuropeptide oxytocin. In a functional magnetic resonance imaging study, we investigated whether oxytocin regulates neural responses to reward or distress cues form children. In a placebo‐controlled, within‐subject design, we measured neural responses to positive, negative, and neutral cues from children in 22 healthy female subjects who received oxytocin (24 IU) versus placebo. Further, based on current literature, we hypothesized that oxytocin effects are modulated by experiences of childhood trauma. The task elicited valence‐specific effects—positive images activated the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, left anterior cingulate cortex, and right putamen, and images of children in distress activated the bilateral amygdala, hippocampus, and right medial superior frontal cortex. The effects of oxytocin depended on subjective reports of childhood emotional neglect. Self‐reported neglect interacted with oxytocin administration in the amygdala, hippocampus, and prefrontal areas. In individuals with higher scores of emotional neglect, oxytocin increased neural reactivity of limbic structures to positive and neutral images. Our findings need replication in larger samples and can therefore be considered preliminary but are in line with the recent literature on the modulating effect of childhood adversity on the sensitivity to oxytocin administration.
Visible Light Organo‐Photocatalytic Synthesis of 3‐Imidazolines
Authors: Mishra Poornima , Shruti Ipsha , Kant Ruchir , Thakur Tejender S. , Kumar Akhilesh , Rastogi Namrata
Published: November 2022

An efficient regioselective synthesis of tetrasubstituted 3‐imidazolines under organo‐photocatalytic conditions has been developed through formal [3+2]‐cycloaddition between 2H‐azirines and N‐tosyl benzylidene imines. The products were isolated in high yields and as a separable mixture of diastereoisomers in most of the cases. The mild reaction conditions employing an organic dye as photocatalyst, excellent functional group tolerance, and high regioselectivity are notable features of the current protocol.
Protecting‐Group‐Free Total Synthesis of (−)‐Boscartin A in 3 Steps from (−)‐Boscartin F via Wharton Reaction
Authors: Kamo Shogo , Kasamatsu Akihiko , Shiraiwa Junya , Matsuzawa Akinobu , Sugita Kazuyuki
Published: November 2022

In this report, we described the first total synthesis of (−)‐boscartin A, a cembranoid featuring a 5/5/12‐fused tricyclic structure. Via the key reactions, including stereoselective epoxidation and Wharton reaction, (−)‐Boscartin A was obtained in three steps from (−)‐boscartin F, with 46 % overall yield.
Mutagenicity of the organic fraction of World Trade Center dust
Authors: DeMarini David M. , Warren Sarah H. , Brooks Lance R.
Published: November 2022

Most studies of the health effects and chemical characterization of the dust resulting from the catastrophic collapse of the World Trade Center (WTC) on September 11, 2001, have focused on the large inorganic fraction of the dust; however, chemical analyses have identified mutagens and carcinogens in the smaller organic fraction. Here, we determined the mutagenicity of the organic fraction of WTC dust in Salmonella. Only 0.74% of the mass of the particulate matter (PM) <53 μm in diameter was extractable organic matter (EOM). Because the EOM was 10 times more mutagenic in TA100 +S9 than in TA98 +S9 and was negative in TA98 −S9, we inferred, respectively, that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) played a role in the mutagenicity and not nitroarenes. In TA98 +S9, the mutagenic potency of the EOM (0.1 revertant/μg EOM) was within the range of EOMs from air and combustion emissions. However, the EOM‐based mutagenic potency of the particles (0.0007 revertants/μg PM) was 1–2 orders of magnitude lower than values from a review of 50 combustion emissions and various air samples. We calculated that 37 PAHs analyzed previously in WTC EOM were 5.4% of the EOM mass and 0.04% of the PM mass; some air contained 0.3 μg WTC EOM/m3 (0.02 μg PAHs/m3). Populations exposed to WTC dust have elevated levels of prostate and thyroid cancer but not lung cancer. Our data support earlier estimates that PAH‐associated cancer risk among this population, for example, PAH‐associated lung cancer, was unlikely to be significantly elevated relative to background PAH exposures.
Structure and electrochemical hydrogen storage properties of spinel ferritesSmxZn1−xFe2O4alloys (x = 0,x = 0.2,x = 0.4, andx = 0.6) forNi‐MHaccumulator applications
Authors: Zayani Wissem , Azizi Samir , Salah Mohamed , El‐Nasser Karam S. , Othman Ali Ibraheem , Lamloumi Jilani
Published: November 2022

In this article, we examine the effects of Sm substitution by Zn on the structures and electrochemical characteristics of SmxZn1−xFe2O4alloys prepared by sol–gel technique. The structural properties of the electrodes are studied by X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The structural properties of these alloy are well influenced by the substitution rate. The SEM images of the powder of all samples (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6) shows the presence of agglomerates in the powder particles. Moreover, EDX investigation demonstrates that the chemical and theoretical compositions of all the prepared alloys are almost the same. The electrochemical performance of the oxide electrodes was analyzed at temperature 298 K using chronopotentiometry, chronoamperometry, and cyclic voltammetry techniques. During the first cycles, the electrochemical discharge capacity increases for all alloys. Obviously, this evolution is rapid for the unsubstituted alloy, but it becomes slower by increasing the substitution rate. The highest discharge capacity value was obtained for the ZnFe2O4electrode of the order of 180 mAh/g while the highest retained capacity was observed for the Sm0.6Zn0.4Fe2O4electrode. The kinetic results showed that the exchange current densityI0and the hydrogen diffusion coefficientDHof the anodes increased with increasing substitution rate and the best values were obtained for the Sm0.6Zn0.4Fe2O4anode.
Numerical investigation on the interactions between rotating detonation wave complex and planar turbine cascade
Authors: Li Qun , Wu Yuwen , Xia Yiqing , Li Xiang , Weng Chunsheng
Published: November 2022

Due to pressure gain characteristics, the rotating detonation combustor (RDC) can be integrated into gas turbines by further improving the system's performance. The matching of unsteady flows in the RDC and turbine is a key challenge. Here, interactions in an RDC and planar turbine cascade are investigated using the unsteady Reynolds time‐averaged Navier‐Stokes method. The effects of the blade profiles on interactions between the oblique shock wave (OSW) and turbine cascade are analyzed, and the suppression effect of the turbine cascade on high‐frequency pressure oscillations is evaluated. The results show that the OSW interacts with the leading edge, pressure side, suction side, and trailing edge of the turbine stator and rotor blades, which generates complex wave systems in the cascade passage. The opposite propagation direction causes the OSW to be aligned or misaligned with the stator blade. The position of the OSW that operates on the turbine cascade changes, and two different wave system structures appear. The various pitches of the turbine cascade at different blade heights cause differing intensities and propagation directions in the reflected wave as generated by the action of the OSW and turbine cascade and the variable flow fields at different blade heights. The turbine cascade can significantly suppress the high‐frequency pressure oscillations, while the pressure amplitude attenuation rate can reach over 80% when the OSW propagates through the turbine cascade. These findings expound on the interaction mechanism between the rotating detonation wave complex and the turbine stator and rotor blades.
Transient cutting transport model for horizontal wells with a slim hole
Authors: An Jintao , Li Jun , Huang Honglin , Liu Gonghui , Yang Hongwei , Zhang Geng , Chen Sainan
Published: November 2022

Compared with conventional drilling methods, the method of drilling horizontal wells with a slim hole (HW‐SH) has advantages, such as high productivity, environment‐friendliness, and low costs. However, during the drilling process, the narrow annulus may become blocked, which may lead to an increase in the annulus pressure if the wellbore is not clean. This often leads to serious drilling accidents, such as sticking and leaking formations. Many models have been used to study the cutting transport law in an annulus, but the influence of drill‐pipe rotation on cutting transport is often ignored and weakened in these models. None of the existing models can effectively simulate the cutting transport law of an entire well section. Therefore, using these models to predict the cutting transport law in the annulus of the HW‐SH will cause significant errors. In this study, the authors first establish a pipeline model of the same size as the on‐site annulus using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Subsequently, a one‐dimensional (1D) two‐layer model that uses three correction factors to express the influence of drill‐pipe rotation on cutting transport and annulus pressure loss is developed. Finally, the parameters in the 1D model are calibrated using the CFD simulation results to accurately predict the cutting transport behavior and annular pressure loss. From the calculation results of the annulus cutting quality, annulus section‐cutting concentration, and annulus pressure drop, it was observed that the two algorithms proposed in this study have a high degree of coincidence, thereby confirming the reliability of the model. The 1D model provides close to three‐dimensional (3D) accuracy at a much shorter central processing unit time than the 3D CFD models. In addition, the accuracy of the developed model was verified using the results of an indoor pipeline two‐phase flow experiment conducted at the University of Tulsa, without considering the rotation of the drill pipe.
Study on fracture characteristics of high key stratum and development law of water and gas transport channels in Datong mining area
Authors: Wang Wenqiang , Li Zhenhua , Du Feng , Li Guosheng
Published: November 2022

The study aimed to examine the problem of the abandoned mine water and harmful gas downflow from the overlying Jurassic of Tongxin coal mine in the Datong mine area, China. A theoretical analysis, physically similar simulation, and field measurement were used. A fracture aperture mechanical model based on key stratum fracture was used to analyze the main influencing factors of high key stratum fracture and rotation. We also compared the fracture characteristics, displacement changes, and fracture development of the high‐key stratum. The results showed that: (1) the main influencing factors affecting the fracture characteristics of high key stratum are the thickness of coal seam mining, the thickness of high key stratum, and the distance between high key stratum and 3–5# coal seam. (2) When both 8309 and 8207 working faces reached critical mining, the high key stratum was fractured and the mining‐induced fracture was developed to the 14# coal seam goaf, which coincided with the field tracer gas measurement results of the 8309 working face, indicating that when the distance between 3 and 5# coal seam and the overlying 14# coal seam goaf is less than 220.9 m, 8309 and 8207 working faces will form the channel for water and gas inrush. (3) The fracture length of the high key stratum above the working face of 8207 is smaller than that of 8309, and the pipeline of water and gas transport channel formed after the critical mining of its working face is larger and wider, which makes it more prone to the disaster of water and gas inrush. Before mining the extra‐thick coal seam, it is necessary to detect and pump the water and gas in the 14# coal seam goaf, so as to avoid the water and gas inrush hazard during the coal seam mining.
Geological mapping and structural interpretation of the Dschang‐Santchou‐escarpment (West, Cameroon), using Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS sensors/SRTM and field observations
Authors: Blandine Kamgang Tchuifong Agnès , Jules Tcheumenak Kouémo , Martial Fozing Eric , Ludovic Achu Megnemo , Julios Efon Awoum , Robinson Sobze Belmien , Ousmanou Safianou , Maurice Kwékam
Published: November 2022

Geological mapping of the Dschang‐Santchou‐escarpment rocks in the Western Cameroon region was done using a combination of Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS, SRTM images acquired by satellites on January 21, 2021, and field observations. Lineaments were pre‐processing and processing, performed with Envi 5.1. The different methods of digital processing applied, such as the principal component analysis, the coloured compositions and the combination of bands, show a lithological differentiation of the geological formations of the study area. Lineament maps were obtained by applying Sobel directional filters where 496 lineaments were manually extracted. These lineaments display two main trending directions: the NW–SE trend corresponding to the S2 metamorphic foliation direction and the NE–SW trend corresponding to the S3 magmatic foliation direction. The set of these lineaments represents the fracture network in the area. The field observations as well as the lineaments mapping obtained, allowed us to confirm with the help of the fracture network that we are indeed in an escarped environment. Remote sensing data constitute thus a useful tool for geological mapping and structural reconstitutions in the escarped environment.
Elevated granulocyte colony stimulating factor (CSF) causes cerebellar deficits and anxiety in a model of CSF‐1 receptor related leukodystrophy
Authors: Biundo Fabrizio , Chitu Violeta , Tindi Jaafar , Burghardt Nesha S. , Shlager Gabriel G. L. , Ketchum Harmony C. , DeTure Michael A. , Dickson Dennis W. , Wszolek Zbignew K. , Khodakhah Kamran , Stanley E. Richard
Published: November 2022

Colony stimulating factor (CSF) receptor‐1 (CSF‐1R)‐related leukoencephalopathy (CRL) is an adult‐onset, demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease caused by autosomal dominant mutations in CSF1R, modeled by the Csf1r+/− mouse. The expression of Csf2, encoding granulocyte‐macrophage CSF (GM‐CSF) and of Csf3, encoding granulocyte CSF (G‐CSF), are elevated in both mouse and human CRL brains. While monoallelic targeting of Csf2 has been shown to attenuate many behavioral and histological deficits of Csf1r+/− mice, including cognitive dysfunction and demyelination, the contribution of Csf3 has not been explored. In the present study, we investigate the behavioral, electrophysiological and histopathological phenotypes of Csf1r+/− mice following monoallelic targeting of Csf3. We show that Csf3 heterozygosity normalized the Csf3 levels in Csf1r+/− mouse brains and ameliorated anxiety‐like behavior, motor coordination and social interaction deficits, but not the cognitive impairment of Csf1r+/− mice. Csf3 heterozygosity failed to prevent callosal demyelination. However, consistent with its effects on behavior, Csf3 heterozygosity normalized microglial morphology in the cerebellum and in the ventral, but not in the dorsal hippocampus. Csf1r+/− mice exhibited altered firing activity in the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) associated with increased engulfment of glutamatergic synapses by DCN microglia and increased deposition of the complement factor C1q on glutamatergic synapses. These phenotypes were significantly ameliorated by monoallelic deletion of Csf3. Our current and earlier findings indicate that G‐CSF and GM‐CSF play largely non‐overlapping roles in CRL‐like disease development in Csf1r+/− mice.
Numerical investigation of MHD convective free stream nanofluid flow influenced by radiation and chemical reaction over stretching cylinder
Authors: Makkar Vinita , Dang Khyati , Sharma Naresh , Yadav Smita
Published: November 2022

Chemically reacting magnetohydrodynamic radiative flow of convective free stream nanofluid through a stretching cylinder using Buongiorno's model is discussed. The behavior of Brownian motion and thermophoresis is also appropriate. By adopting the similarity transformation, the partial differential equation is diminished into a first‐order ordinary differential equation (ODE). Since transformed equations are highly nonlinear these ODEs are solved by using mathematical simulation. The shooting procedure has been adopted to resolve converted equations along the attendant Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg technique. The reason behind the present work is to research the effects of different parameters of fluid, namely, magnetic parameter, free stream velocity, Brownian motion, thermophoresis, chemical reaction, heat radiation, Lewis number on nanoparticle concentration, temperature, and velocity distribution. The impact of significantly participating parameters on velocity, concentration, and temperature distribution is distinguished with appropriate physical significance. The convergence of solutions for temperature, velocity, and concentration profiles is studied carefully. The measured challenges of nanofluids are scale‐up capacity, increase in nanofluid viscosity, nanoparticle dispersion, and nanofluid cost. It is observed that nanoparticle temperature rises for more value of Brownian motion parameter while it declines for higher Lewis number. The current study in the cylindrical region is related to novel free stream flow in the presence of chemical reactions along with convective conditions which find applications in electronic systems like microprocessors and in a wide variety of industries and in the field of biotechnology. The current research helps control the transport phenomena, helping production companies to find the quality of the desired product.
Lead‐induced neurodevelopmental lesion and epigenetic landscape: Implication in neurological disorders
Authors: Liu Mengchen , Liu Rundong , Wang Ruike , Ba Yue , Yu Fangfang , Deng Qihong , Huang Hui
Published: November 2022

Lead (Pb) was implicated in multiple genotoxic, neuroepigenotoxic, and chromosomal‐toxic mechanisms and interacted with varying synaptic plasticity pathways, likely underpinning previous reports of links between Pb and cognitive impairment. Epigenetic changes have emerged as a promising biomarker for neurological disorders, including cognitive disorders, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). In the present review, special attention is paid to neural epigenetic features and mechanisms that can alter gene expression patterns upon environmental Pb exposure in rodents, primates, and zebrafish. Epigenetic modifications have also been discussed in population studies and cell experiment. Further, we explore growing evidence of potential linkage between Pb‐induced disruption of regulatory pathway and neurodevelopmental and neurological disorders both in vivo and in vitro. These findings uncover how epigenome in neurons facilitates the development and function of the brain in response to Pb insult.
Subcanalicular Nanochannel Volume Is Inversely Correlated With Calcium Content in Human Cortical Bone
Authors: Tang Tengteng , Landis William , Blouin Stéphane , Bertinetti Luca , Hartmann Markus A. , Berzlanovich Andrea , Weinkamer Richard , Wagermaier Wolfgang , Fratzl Peter
Published: November 2022

The spatial distribution of mineralization density is an important signature of bone growth and remodeling processes, and its alterations are often related to disease. The extracellular matrix of some vertebrate mineralized tissues is known to be perfused by a lacunocanalicular network (LCN), a fluid-filled unmineralized structure that harbors osteocytes and their fine processes and transports extracellular fluid and its constituents. The current report provides evidence for structural and compositional heterogeneity at an even smaller, subcanalicular scale. The work reveals an extensive unmineralized three-dimensional (3D) network of nanochannels (~30 nm in diameter) penetrating the mineralized extracellular matrix of human femoral cortical bone and encompassing a greater volume fraction and surface area than these same parameters of the canaliculi comprising the LCN. The present study combines high-resolution focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) to investigate bone ultrastructure in 3D with quantitative backscattered electron imaging (qBEI) to estimate local bone mineral content. The presence of nanochannels has been found to impact qBEI measurements fundamentally, such that volume percentage (vol%) of nanochannels correlates inversely with weight percentage (wt%) of calcium. This mathematical relationship between nanochannel vol% and calcium wt% suggests that the nanochannels could potentially provide space for ion and small molecule transport throughout the bone matrix. Collectively, these data propose a reinterpretation of qBEI measurements, accounting for nanochannel presence in human bone tissue in addition to collagen and mineral. Further, the results yield insight into bone mineralization processes at the nanometer scale and present the possibility for a potential role of the nanochannel system in permitting ion and small molecule diffusion throughout the extracellular matrix. Such a possible function could thereby lead to the sequestration or occlusion of the ions and small molecules within the extracellular matrix. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).

Abstract

Left: Numerous nanochannels (cyan) in human femoral cortical bone intersecting with a focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) background image. Right: wt% Ca measured by quantitative backscattered electron imaging and vol% nanochannels measured by FIB-SEM shows an overall inverse correlation between the two parameters.
Clinical features and viral etiology of acute respiratory infection in an outpatient fever clinic during COVID‐19 pandemic in a tertiary hospital in Nanjing, China
Authors: Geng Yu , Hao Yingying , Xu Xiaoming , Huang Rui , He Fei , Ni Jun , Zhan Jie , Chen Yuxin , Hu FengHua , Wu Chao
Published: November 2022

Background

Clinical feature and viral etiology for acute respiratory infection (ARI) in the community was unknown during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic.

Objective

In a retrospective study, we aimed to characterize the clinical feature and etiology for the ARI patients admitted to the outpatient fever clinic in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital between November 2020 and March 2021.

Methods

Fifteen common respiratory pathogens were tested using pharyngeal swabs by multiplex reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction assays.

Results

Of the 242 patients, 56 (23%) were tested positive for at least one viral agent. The predominant viruses included human rhinovirus (HRV) (5.4%), parainfluenza virus type III (PIV‐III) (5.0%), and human coronavirus‐NL63 (HCoV‐NL63) (3.7%). Cough, sputum, nasal obstruction, and rhinorrhea were the most prevalent symptoms in patients with viral infection. Elderly and the patients with underlying diseases were susceptible to pneumonia accompanied with sputum and chest oppression. Three (5.4%) patients in virus infection group, whereas 31 (16.7%) in non‐viral infection group (p = 0.033), were empirically prescribed with antiviral agents. Among 149 patients who received antibiotic therapy, 30 (20.1%) patients were later identified with viral infection.

Conclusion

Our study indicated the importance of accurate diagnosis of ARI, especially during the COVID‐19 pandemic, which might facilitate appropriate clinical treatment.
The intersection of neighborhood and race in urban adolescent health risk behaviors
Authors: Zhao Jin , Goodhines Patricia A. , Park Aesoon
Published: November 2022

Aims

Racial variability in associations of neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage and neighborhood disorder with adolescent health risk behaviors remains under‐researched, which this study examined over 1 year among racially diverse adolescents.

Methods

High school students (N = 345; 18% Asian, 44% Black, 16% Multiracial, 22% White) completed surveys assessing neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage and neighborhood disorder, and health risk behaviors (lifetime alcohol, cannabis, and cigarette use, number of sexual partners) at baseline (Year 1) and 1‐year follow‐up (Year 2).

Results

Asian, Black, and Multiracial adolescents were more likely to endorse health risk behaviors in Year 2 compared to White adolescents living in similarly disadvantaged neighborhoods at Year 1. Associations of neighborhood disorder with health risk behavior did not differ by race.

Conclusion

Neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage (but not neighborhood disorder) may predispose Asian, Black, and Multiracial adolescents to health risk behaviors. Findings may inform interventions to address racial disparities in adolescent health risk behaviors.
Experimental study of CaS preparation from lignite‐reduced phosphogypsum in a fluidized bed
Authors: Ma Dong , Wang Qinhui
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND

Phosphogypsum (PG) is a solid waste. For a fluidized bed, current research has focused on the preparation of CaO and SO2 by PG decomposition, while less research has been conducted with calcium sulfide (CaS) as the target product. Therefore, the effect of different conditions on the preparation of CaS by coal reduction of PG was investigated in a fluidized bed. The mechanism of the reaction between coal and PG was revealed through experiments and kinetic calculations.

RESULTS

PG decomposition is a combination of solid–solid reaction (carbon reacting with CaSO4) and gas–solid reaction (reducing gas reacting with CaSO4), among which the solid–solid reaction plays a major role. A PG decomposition rate of 99.42% and CaS yield of 91.55% are obtained at 850 °C for 60 min when the Ca/C molar ratio is less than 0.25 and coal particle size is less than 0.075 mm. Lignite, bituminous coal and anthracite can promote the decomposition of PG. However, the higher viscosity of bituminous coal can lead to molten coking of the product, while anthracite is less economical, so lignite is the most suitable. Minerals in coal can improve the decomposition rate of PG. A fluidized bed improves the PG decomposition rate compared to a fixed bed.

CONCLUSIONS

CaS is obtained by combined solid–solid and gas–solid reactions. Decreasing the Ca/C ratio and coal particle size as well as controlling the reaction temperature below 850 °C are beneficial for CaS generation. The minerals in coal can reduce the PG decomposition temperature and increase the PG decomposition rate. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
The nature of psychopathology
Authors: Larsson Henrik , Pettersson Erik
Published: November 2022

Readers of JCPP Advances known that the dominant classification system (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) in psychiatry and psychology conceptualizes psychopathology as discrete diagnostic categories. This measurement model builds on a strong assumption of a clear discontinuity between individuals who meet criteria for a diagnosis and those who don't fulfill diagnostic criteria. During the past decades we have seen huge efforts to test this assumption and explore alternative models, such as research from the hierarchical taxonomy of psychopathology consortia. Key findings of these efforts are reviewed and discussed in the December issue of JCPP Advances.
Arsenic immobilization in soil affected by mining waste using waste‐derived functional hydrochar and iron‐encapsulated materials
Authors: Haris Muhammad , Netherway Pacian , Eshtiaghi Nicky , Paz‐Ferreiro Jorge
Published: November 2022

Arsenic (As) contamination is a widespread problem. Continued and concerted effort in exploring sustainable remediation strategies is required, with in situ immobilization emerging as a promising option. This work valorized a waste by‐product from olive (Olea europaea L.) milling into functional hydrochar (HC). The HC was then transformed into iron oxide–encapsulated carbon with three different iron loading rates (10, 25, and 50% w/w of iron chloride hexahydrate added to the olive mill waste feedstock). The HC and the three iron oxide–encapsulated carbon materials were then tested in a pot trial using a 3% w/w application rate as a means to immobilize As in a mining‐contaminated soil (2,580 ± 110 mg kg−1 As). After a 45‐d incubation period, the effect of adding the amendments on As mobility and bioaccessibility compared with an untreated control was measured using a sequential extraction procedure and in vitro bioaccessibility, respectively. All four treatments resulted in a decrease in mobility and in vitro bioaccessibility as compared with the control. Specifically, As in the mobile phases was up to 35% less than the in control, whereas bioaccessibility was 21.8% in the control and ranged from 17.5 to 12.3% in the treatments. The efficiency of amendments to immobilize As increased with the iron content of the developed materials. This work positions HCs and iron oxide–encapsulated carbon materials produced from olive mill waste as promising options to immobilize As in situ.
Characteristics and prognosis of distant metastasis after primary treatment for early‐stage extranodal nasal‐type natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma from the China Lymphoma Collaborative Group database
Authors: Zheng Xuan , Qu Bao‐Lin , Liu Xin , Zhong Qiu‐Zi , Qian Li‐Ting , Yang Yong , Hou Xiao‐Rong , Qiao Xue‐Ying , Wang Hua , Zhu Yuan , Cao Jian‐Zhong , Wu Jun‐Xin , Wu Tao , Zhu Su‐Yu , Shi Mei , Zhang Hui‐Lai , Zhang Xi‐Mei , Su Hang , Song Yu‐Qin , Zhu Jun , Zhang Yu‐Jing , Huang Hui‐Qiang , Wang Ying , Chen Fan , Yin Lin , He Xia , Zhang Li‐Ling , Li Ye‐Xiong , Qi Shu‐Nan
Published: November 2022

This study aimed to investigate the characteristics and prognosis of distant metastasis (DM) after primary treatment for early‐stage extranodal nasal‐type natural killer (NK)/T‐cell lymphoma (ENKTCL). A total of 1619 patients from the China Lymphoma Collaborative Group database were retrospectively reviewed. The cumulative incidence of DM was assessed using Fine and Gray's competing risk analysis. The correlation between DM sites was evaluated using phi coefficients, while DM sites were classified using hierarchical clustering. Regression analysis was used to assess the linear correlation between DM‐free survival (DMFS) and overall survival (OS). The 5‐year cumulative DM rate was 26.2%, with the highest annual hazard rate being in the first year (14.9%). The most frequent DM sites were the skin and soft tissues (SSTs, 32.4%) and distant lymph nodes (LNs, 31.3%). DM sites were categorized into four subgroups of distinct prognosis — distant LN, SST, extracutaneous site, and lymphoma‐associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. SST or distant LN, solitary metastasis, and late‐onset DM demonstrated a relatively favorable prognosis. Contemporary chemotherapy significantly decreased DM rates and improved DMFS. Decreased DM rates were further associated with increased OS probabilities. Our findings improve the understanding of the variable clinical behaviors of early‐stage ENKTCL based on four distinct DM sites and thus provide guidance for future therapeutic decisions, metastatic surveillance, and translational trial design.
Investigating and modeling positron emission tomography factors associated with large cell transformation from low‐grade lymphomas
Authors: Obeid Jean‐Pierre , Hiniker Susan M. , Schroers‐Martin Joseph , Guo H. Henry , No Hyunsoo Joshua , Moding Everett J. , Advani Ranjana H. , Alizadeh Ash A. , Hoppe Richard T. , Binkley Michael S.
Published: November 2022

Low‐grade lymphomas have a 1%–3% annual risk of transformation to a high‐grade histology, and prognostic factors remain undefined. We set to investigate the role of positron emission tomography (PET) metrics in identification of transformation in a retrospective case‐control series of patients matched by histology and follow‐up time. We measured PET parameters including maximum standard uptake value (SUV‐max) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG), and developed a PET feature and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)‐based model to identify transformation status within discovery and validation cohorts. For our discovery cohort, we identified 53 patients with transformation and 53 controls with a similar distribution of follicular lymphoma (FL). Time to transformation and control follow‐up time was similar. We observed a significant incremental increase in SUV‐max and TLG between control, pretransformation and post‐transformation groups (P < 0.05). By multivariable analysis, we identified a significant interaction between SUV‐max and TLG such that SUV‐max had highest significance for low volume cases (P = 0.04). We developed a scoring model incorporating SUV‐max, TLG, and serum LDH with improved identification of transformation (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.91). Our model performed similarly for our validation cohort of 23 patients (AUC = 0.90). With external and prospective validation, our scoring model may provide a specific and noninvasive tool for risk stratification for patients with low‐grade lymphoma.