bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Active magnetocaloric heat pipes provide enhanced specific power of caloric refrigeration
Authors: Maier Lena Maria , Corhan Patrick , Barcza Alexander , Vieyra Hugo A. , Vogel Christian , Koenig Jan D. , Schäfer-Welsen Olaf , Wöllenstein Jürgen , Bartholomé Kilian
Published: October 2020

Today almost all refrigeration systems are based on compressors, which often require harmful refrigerants and typically reach 50% of the Carnot efficiency. Caloric cooling systems do not need any detrimental fluids and are expected to reach 60–70% of the Carnot limit. Current caloric systems utilise the active magnetocaloric regeneration principle and are quite cost-intensive, as it is challenging to achieve large cycle frequencies and thus high specific cooling powers with this principle. In this work, we present an alternative solution where the heat transfer from the heat exchangers to the caloric material is predicated on condensation and evaporation of a heat transfer fluid. Using thermal diodes, a directed heat flow is generated. Thereby we were able to build a cooling unit achieving a specific cooling power of 12.5 W g−1 at a cycle frequency of 20 Hz, which is one order of magnitude larger than the state-of-the-art.
Constraint-free wavelength conversion supported by giant optical refraction in a 3D perovskite supercrystal
Authors: Falsi Ludovica , Tartara Luca , Di Mei Fabrizio , Flammini Mariano , Parravicini Jacopo , Pierangeli Davide , Parravicini Gianbattista , Xin Feifei , DiPorto Paolo , Agranat Aharon J. , DelRe Eugenio
Published: October 2020

Nonlinear response in a material increases with its index of refraction as n4. Commonly, n ~ 1 so that diffraction, dispersion, and chromatic walk-off limit nonlinear scattering. Ferroelectric crystals with a periodic 3D polarization structure overcome some of these constraints through versatile Cherenkov and quasi-phase-matching mechanisms. Three-dimensional self-structuring can also lead to a giant optical refraction. Here, we perform second-harmonic-generation experiments in KTN:Li in conditions of giant broadband refraction. Enhanced response causes wavelength conversion to occur in the form of bulk Cherenkov radiation without diffraction and chromatic walk-off, even in the presence of strong wave-vector mismatch and highly focused beams. The process occurs with a wide spectral acceptance of more than 100 nm in the near infrared spectrum, an ultra-wide angular acceptance of up to ±40∘, with no polarization selectivity, and can be tuned to allow bulk supercontinuum generation. Results pave the way to highly efficient and adaptable nonlinear optical devices with the promise of single-photon-to-single-photon nonlinear optics.
Significantly enhancing the lithium-ion conductivity of solid-state electrolytes via a strategy for fabricating hollow metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Liu Zixin , Liu Pengyu , Tian Li , Xiao Jiannan , Cui Ruixue , Liu Zhiliang
Published: October 2020

A solid-state electrolyte based on hollow metal organic framework (MOF) materials was prepared. Due to its special hollow structure, the hollow MOF-based solid-state electrolyte exhibits superior ionic conductivity, which can store more lithium ions and transmits lithium ions by the wall of the cavity.
Indium electrodeposition from indium(iii) methanesulfonate in DMSO
Authors: Monnens Wouter , Deferm Clio , Binnemans Koen , Fransaer Jan
Published: October 2020

The electrochemical investigation and electrodeposition of indium in a mixture of indium(iii) methanesulfonate and DMSO.
Ultrafast carrier relaxation dynamics of photoexcited GaAs and GaAs/AlGaAs nanowire array
Authors: Zhang Bowen , Nie Zhaogang , Wang Bo , Wang Dengkui , Tang Jilong , Wang Xiaohua , Zhang Jiahua , Xing Guichuan , Zhang Wenchun , Wei Zhipeng
Published: October 2020

Ultrafast carrier nonradiative relaxation dynamics and concomitant band-gap evolutions in bare GaAs and a core–shell GaAs/AlGaAs semiconductor nanowire array.
Active targeting of gold nanoparticles as cancer therapeutics
Authors: Goddard Zoë Rachael , Marín María J. , Russell David A. , Searcey Mark
Published: October 2020

Gold nanoparticles are excellent delivery systems, but how can we get them where we want them to go?
Copper(i) complexes bearing mesoionic carbene ligands: influencing the activity in catalytic halo-click reactions
Authors: Suntrup Lisa , Beerhues Julia , Etzold Oliver , Sarkar Biprajit
Published: October 2020

A series of mono- and dicopper complexes with mesoionic carbenes are tested as pre-catalysts for the halo-click reaction.
AnN-oxide-functionalized nanocage-based copper-tricarboxylate framework for the selective capture of C2H2
Authors: Jiang Zhenzhen , Fan Lihui , Zhou Ping , Xu Tingting , Chen Jingxian , Hu Simin , Chen De-Li , He Yabing
Published: October 2020

AnN-oxide-functionalized copper-tricarboxylate framework displayed promising potential for use in C2H4and C2H2purification.
Synthesis, structure, and electrochemical properties of 4,5-diaryl-1,2,3-triphosphaferrocenes and the first example of multi(phosphaferrocene)
Authors: Petrov Andrey V. , Zagidullin Almaz A. , Bezkishko Ilya A. , Khrizanforov Mikhail N. , Kholin Kirill V. , Gerasimova Tatiana P. , Ivshin Kamil A. , Shekurov Ruslan P. , Katsyuba Sergey A. , Kataeva Olga N. , Budnikova Yulia H. , Miluykov Vasili A.
Published: October 2020

Novel 1,2,3-triphosphaferrocenes have been extensively studied experimentally (NMR, UV-Vis, and X-ray) and quantum chemically.
Sn(iv) N-confused porphyrins as photosensitizer dyes for photodynamic therapy in the near IR region
Authors: Babu Balaji , Mack John , Nyokong Tebello
Published: October 2020

The utility of NIR absorbing Sn(iv) N-confused porphyrins for use as photosensitizer dyes in photodynamic therapy is assessed.
Modification of multiwalled carbon nanotubes with a ruthenium drug candidate—indazolium[tetrachlorobis(1H-indazole)ruthenate(iii)] (KP1019 )
Authors: Richert Monika , Trykowski Grzegorz , Walczyk Mariusz , Cieślak Marcin J. , Kaźmierczak-Barańska Julia , Królewska-Golińska Karolina , Sobczak Janusz W. , Biniak Stanisław
Published: October 2020

Functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes with [IndH][trans-RuCl4(Ind)2].
Correction: Measurement of number concentrations and sizes of Au nano-particles spiked into soil by laser ablation single particle ICPMS
Authors: Tuoriniemi Jani , Holbrook Timothy R. , Cornelis Geert , Schmitt Melanie , Stärk Hans-Joachim , Kooijman Ellen , Wagner Stephan
Published: October 2020

Correction for ‘Measurement of number concentrations and sizes of Au nano-particles spiked into soil by laser ablation single particle ICPMS’ by Jani Tuoriniemi et al., J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 2020, 35, 1678–1686, DOI: 10.1039/D0JA00243G
Identification of P218 as a potent inhibitor of Mycobacterium ulcerans DHFR
Authors: Riboldi Gustavo P. , Zigweid Rachael , Myler Peter J. , Mayclin Stephen J. , Couñago Rafael M. , Staker Bart L.
Published: October 2020

P218 is a potent inhibitor of M. ulcerans DHFR (Ki 3.2 nM).
T cell force-responsive delivery of anticancer drugs using mesoporous silica microparticles
Authors: Lei Kewen , Tang Li
Published: October 2020

A cellular force-responsive platform for controlled release of anticancer drugs.
Curcumin-based sulfenic acid as a light switch for the binding of biothiols
Authors: Barattucci Anna , Salerno Tania M. G. , Kohnke Franz H. , Papalia Teresa , Puntoriero Fausto , Bonaccorsi Paola
Published: October 2020

Curcumin was used as a starting compound for the synthesis of a fluorescent precursor of sulfenic acid.
Valley depolarization in monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides with zone-corner acoustic phonons
Authors: Jeong Tae-Young , Bae Soungmin , Lee Seong-Yeon , Jung Suyong , Kim Yong-Hoon , Yee Ki-Ju
Published: October 2020

We demonstrate that zone-corner phonons in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides can provide an effective valley depolarization mechanism via strong spin-valley locking behaviors.
Addressable surface engineering for N-doped WS2 nanosheet arrays with abundant active sites and the optimal local electronic structure for enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Wang Haiqing , Xu Zhongfei , Zhang Zengfu , Hu Shuxian , Ma Mingjun , Zhang Zhicheng , Zhou Weijia , Liu Hong
Published: October 2020

Engineering an addressable surface endows N doped WS2 nanosheet arrays with abundant active sites and an optimal local electronic structure for enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction.
Recent advances in poly(3,4-ethylenedioxyselenophene) and related polymers
Authors: Yadav Preeti , Patra Asit
Published: October 2020

This review highlights the recent progress in synthesis, properties, applications and future outlook of PEDOS based conjugated polymers.
Exploring the difference of bonding strength between silver(i) and chalcogenides in block copolymer systems
Authors: Zhao Peng , Xu Cong-Qiao , Sun Chenxing , Xia Jiahao , Sun Lin , Li Jun , Xu Huaping
Published: October 2020

The order of Ag(i)–S < Ag(i)–Se < Ag(i)–Te bond strength was confirmed by single-molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) with quantum chemical studies.
Antimicrobial peptide-modified silver nanoparticles for enhancing the antibacterial efficacy
Authors: Li Wenxi , Li Yongchun , Sun Pengchao , Zhang Nan , Zhao Yidan , Qin Shangshang , Zhao Yongxing
Published: October 2020

Multifunctional peptides (MFP)-coated silver nanoparticles (MFP@AgNPs) enhanced the antibacterial activity of AgNPs against multidrug-resistant A. baumannii (MDB-AB) strains.
Hyper oxygen incorporation in CeF3: a new intermediate-band photocatalyst for antibiotic degradation under visible/NIR light
Authors: Han Bing , Yu Siqi , Zhao Dian , Lou Yunchao , Gao Jiayang , Liu Zhe , Wang Zhiyu , Qian Guodong
Published: October 2020

Hyper doping O acts as a nonradiative center and generates an intermediate band with F atoms, exhibiting efficient photocatalysis activities under visible/NIR light.
Insight into N-terminal localization and dynamics of engineered virus-like particles
Authors: Vervoort Daan F. M. , Pretto Chiara , van Hest Jan C. M.
Published: October 2020

The N-terminal localization and dynamic intermixing of engineered cowpea chlorotic mottle virus-like particles were studied independently from each other.
Silyloxymethanesulfinate as a sulfoxylate equivalent for the modular synthesis of sulfones and sulfonyl derivatives
Authors: Kim Dae-Kwon , Um Hyun-Suk , Park Hoyoon , Kim Seonwoo , Choi Jin , Lee Chulbom
Published: October 2020

An efficient protocol for the modular synthesis of sulfones and sulfonyl derivatives has been developed utilizing sodiumtert-butyldimethylsilyloxymethanesulfinate (TBSOMS-Na) as a sulfoxylate (SO22−) equivalent.
Dendrimer-mediated columnar mesophase of surfactants
Authors: Young Chih-Mei , Chang Chia Lun , Chen Yu-Hsiang , Chen Chun-Yu , Chang Yu-Fan , Chen Hsin-Lung
Published: October 2020

Positively charged PAMAM G4 dendrimer acted as an effective structure-mediating agent for the mesophase of an anionic surfactant. Their electrostatic complexes self-assembled into body-centered cubic spheres and four types of 2D columnar mesophase.
Investigation on the formation of Mg metal anode/electrolyte interfaces in Mg/S batteries with electrolyte additives
Authors: Bhaghavathi Parambath Vinayan , Zhao-Karger Zhirong , Diemant Thomas , Jäckle Markus , Li Zhenyou , Scherer Torsten , Gross Axel , Behm R. Jürgen , Fichtner Maximilian
Published: October 2020

Optimization of SEI layer formation on Mg metal anodes of Mg/S batteries using iodine additive containing Mg[B(hfip)4]2/DME electrolyte.
In situ textured carbon nitride photoanodes with enhanced photoelectrochemical activity by band-gap state modulation
Authors: Huang Miaoyan , Wang Haipeng , Li Wan , Zhao Yan-Ling , Zhang Rui-Qin
Published: October 2020

As promising photoelectrodes in photoelectrochemical water splitting cells, the photoelectrochemical activity of oxygen-doped CN films can be enhanced by a band-gap state modulation strategy to effectively improve the charge carrier separation.
Remarkable microstructural reversibility of antimony in sodium ion battery anodes
Authors: Selvaraj Baskar , Wang Chun-Chieh , Song Yen-Fang , Sheu Hwo-Shuenn , Liao Yen-Fa , Wu Nae-Lih
Published: October 2020

Bulk Sb (>20 μm) anodes have shown an impressive microstructural reversibility for sodium-ion batteries. This report provides direct visual evidence to demonstrate the inter-relationship between phase transformation and microstructural reversibility.
Self-healing supramolecular hydrogels through host–guest interaction between cyclodextrin and carborane
Authors: Xiong Hejian , Li Yanran , Ye Haihang , Huang Gang , Zhou Dongfang , Huang Yubin
Published: October 2020

Supramolecular hydrogels with rapid self-healing ability were fabricated through the strong host–guest interaction between β-cyclodextrins in a host polymer and carboranes in a guest polymer.
Dipolar cation accumulation at the interfaces of perovskite light-emitting solar cells
Authors: Gets D. S. , Verkhogliadov G. A. , Danilovskiy E. Y. , Baranov A. I. , Makarov S. V. , Zakhidov A. A.
Published: October 2020

The dipole layer of organic cation ions forms under applied voltage and helps to switch the working regime of light-emitting solar cell from solar cell to light-emitting diode.
From energy harvesting to topologically insulating behavior: ABO3-type epitaxial thin films and superlattices
Authors: Wei Haoming , Yang Chao , Wu Yangqing , Cao Bingqiang , Lorenz Michael , Grundmann Marius
Published: October 2020

The current research status of perovskite oxides in fabricating energy harvesters and designing new quantum states is reviewed.
Investigating the active layer thickness dependence of non-fullerene organic solar cells based on PM7 derivatives
Authors: Jones Austin L. , Ho Carr Hoi Yi , Riley Parand R. , Angunawela Indunil , Ade Harald , So Franky , Reynolds John R.
Published: October 2020

This work exposes the importance of testing a polymers active layer thickness tolerance as small modifications to a polymers structure can radically change its ability to stack/pack in the BHJ which is reflected in thick active layer OSCs.
Cr2O72− inside Zr/Hf-based metal–organic frameworks: highly sensitive and selective detection and crystallographic evidence
Authors: Wu Kun , Zheng Ji , Huang Yong-Liang , Luo Dong , Li Yan Yan , Lu Weigang , Li Dan
Published: October 2020

The (4,8)-connected Zr/Hf-MOFs exhibit excellent performances in the detection of Cr2O72− and the exact location and configuration of Cr2O72− inside the MOFs were revealed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies for the first time.
Hand Gestures Facilitate the Acquisition of Novel Phonemic Contrasts When They Appropriately Mimic Target Phonetic Features
Authors: Xi Xiaotong , Li Peng , Baills Florence , Prieto Pilar
Published: October 2020

Purpose

Research has shown that observing hand gestures mimicking pitch movements or rhythmic patterns can improve the learning of second language (L2) suprasegmental features. However, less is known about the effects of hand gestures on the learning of novel phonemic contrasts. This study examines (a) whether hand gestures mimicking phonetic features can boost L2 segment learning by naive learners and (b) whether a mismatch between the hand gesture form and the target phonetic feature influences the learning effect.

Method

Fifty Catalan native speakers undertook a short multimodal training session on two types of Mandarin Chinese consonants (plosives and affricates) in either of two conditions: Gesture and No Gesture. In the Gesture condition, a fist-to-open-hand gesture was used to mimic air burst, while the No Gesture condition included no such use of gestures. Crucially, while the hand gesture appropriately mimicked the air burst produced in plosives, this was not the case for affricates. Before and after training, participants were tested on two tasks, namely, the identification task and the imitation task. Participants' speech output was rated by five Chinese native speakers.

Results

The perception results showed that training with or without gestures yielded similar degrees of improvement for the identification of aspiration contrasts. By contrast, the production results showed that, while training without gestures did not help improve L2 pronunciation, training with gestures improved pronunciation, but only when the given gestures appropriately mimicked the phonetic properties they represented.

Conclusions

Results revealed that the efficacy of observing hand gestures on the learning of nonnative phonemes depends on the appropriateness of the form of those gestures relative to the target phonetic features. That is, hand gestures seem to be more useful when they appropriately mimic phonetic features.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.13105442
Optimising coverage efficiency in heterogeneous wireless cellular networks
Authors: Phan Ca V. , Vien Quoc‐Tuan
Published: October 2020

In this study, the authors first propose an analytical model for investigating the impacts of power allocation (PA) and cell density allocation (CDA) on coverage efficiency (CE) of heterogeneous wireless cellular networks (HWCNs) under limited resources. It is shown that the interference among cells that belong to different tiers is reduced significantly in higher path loss environment and results in a higher coverage. The network coverage of the HWCN can be further extended with the deployment of a higher cell density in a more lossy environment. This accordingly leads us to develop an optimisation problem (OP) to maximise the CE by optimising the PA and CDA under the constraint of limited cell power and total power available in the downlink HWCN. In particular, they proposed a two‐stage approach for solving the OP to sequentially obtain the heuristic value of the CDA and PA due to complicated objective function along with various involved parameters. Numerical results reveal that the coverage obtained by the heuristic solution at the first‐stage is significantly improved with lower power than the conventional approach. Furthermore, an enhanced overall CE is achieved for all cases of the power constraint when applying fully two stages in their proposed algorithm.
Hybrid control strategy for effective frequency regulation and power sharing in multi‐terminal HVDC grids
Authors: Kumar Ancha Satish , Padhy Bibhu Prasad
Published: October 2020

This study proposes a hybrid control (HC) strategy for improved frequency regulation and power sharing in multi‐terminal HVDC (MTDC) integrated AC grids. The proposed method uses the topology of bi‐polar converters in the MTDC system to improve power sharing and frequency regulation. In this methodology, the two voltage source converters (VSCs) in a bi‐polar topology are operated with individual specified control methods. In the proposed HC method, one of the converters operate in voltage square frequency droop (
) and another in power frequency droop (Pf) control methods. This HC strategy is implemented for grid side voltage source converters in MTDC grids. Further, the performance of frequency regulation and autonomous power sharing of the proposed HC technique is compared with the conventional voltage and frequency droop (PVf) and improved control methodologies. In order to validate the proposed method, two AC‐MTDC systems are considered. In both the systems, mesh typed MTDC CIGRE B4 DC test system is in common, it is integrated with two‐area power system and New England IEEE 39‐bus system to form two different AC‐MTDC systems.
Optimal management of demand response aggregators considering customers' preferences within distribution networks
Authors: Talari Saber , Shafie‐Khah Miadreza , Mahmoudi Nadali , Siano Pierluigi , Wei Wei , Catalão João P.S.
Published: October 2020

In this study, a privacy‐based demand response (DR) trading scheme among end‐users and DR aggregators (DRAs) is proposed within the retail market framework and by distribution platform optimiser. This scheme aims to obtain the optimum DR volume to be exchanged while considering both DRAs' and customers' preferences. A bi‐level programming model is formulated in a day‐ahead market within retail markets. In the upper‐level problem, the total operation cost of the distribution system is minimised. The production volatility of renewable energy resources is also taken into account in this level through stochastic two‐stage programming and Monte–Carlo simulation method. In the lower‐level problem, the electricity bill for customers is minimised for customers. The income from DR selling is maximised based on DR prices through secure communication of household energy management systems and DRA. To solve this convex and continuous bi‐level problem, it is converted to an equivalent single‐level problem by adding primal and dual constraints of lower level as well as its strong duality condition to the upper‐level problem. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of different DR prices and different number of DRAs on hourly DR volume, hourly DR cost and power exchange between the studied network and the upstream network.
Highly accurate 3D reconstruction based on a precise and robust binocular camera calibration method
Authors: Hu Guoliang , Zhou Zuofeng , Cao Jianzhong , Huang Huimin
Published: October 2020

The precision of the camera calibration is one of the key factors that affect attitude measurement accuracy in many computer vision tasks. This study proposes a new calibration approach for binocular cameras. Firstly, based on singular value decomposition, the best transformation matrix to the essential matrix is approximated as the initial guess, which is solved in using the Frobenius norm. Secondly, the initial guess is refined through maximum likelihood estimation. A new calculating expression is derived for computing the relative position matrix of the binocular cameras. The Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm is then implemented to refine the initial guess. Large sets of synthesised and real point correspondences were tested to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method. Extensive experiments demonstrated that the proposed method outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art methods. The error rate of the proposed method was 0.5% for the length test and about 1% for the angle test at a range of 1 m. This method can advance three‐dimensional (3D) computer vision one additional step from laboratory environments to real‐world use.
Ionospheric phase decontamination based on sparse decomposition for multiple‐input multiple‐output over‐the‐horizon radar
Authors: Yu Wenqi , Chen Jianwen
Published: October 2020

Ionospheric phase contamination deteriorates the coherence of high‐frequency echoes, reducing the detection performance of multiple‐input multiple‐output over‐the‐horizon radar (MIMO‐OTHR) on slow ships. A high‐precision phase decontamination method approximately extracts a single‐frequency reference signal from the echo in advance, called the calibration signal, which is completed in the Doppler domain. When severe ionospheric phase contamination causes the echo Bragg peaks to overlap, this operation is difficult to achieve. To solve this problem, the authors transform calibration signal extraction into a sparse decomposition of a short‐time sequence vector set and solve it by an iterative method. This process is based on the sparsity of the short‐time sequence in the Doppler domain, as well as the reversibility between the original data vector, accumulated after a long coherence time, and its corresponding short‐time sequence vector set, obtained by sliding window segmentation of the original data vector. Then the ionospheric phase contamination is extracted from the calibration signal to compensate for the original echo. Compared with existing methods, the proposed method can adaptively extract a calibration signal to achieve high‐precision phase compensation of a MIMO‐OTHR echo while adding a more robust performance against noise when considering overlapping Bragg peaks formed by serious ionospheric phase contamination.
Imaging spectropolarimetry for magnetic field diagnostics in solar prominences
Authors: Di Campli R. , Ramelli R. , Bianda M. , Furno I. , Kumar Dhara S. , Belluzzi L.
Published: October 2020

Context. Narrowband imaging spectropolarimetry is one of the most powerful tools available to infer information about the intensity and topology of the magnetic fields present in extended plasma structures in the solar atmosphere.

Aims. We describe the instrumental set-up and the observing procedure that we have developed and optimized at the Istituto Ricerche Solari Locarno in order to perform imaging spectropolarimetry. A measurement that highlights the potential of the ensuing observations for magnetic field diagnostics in solar prominences is presented.

Methods. Monochromatic images of solar prominences were obtained by combining a tunable narrowband filter, based on two Fabry-Perot etalons, with a Czerny-Turner spectrograph. Linear and circular polarization were measured at every pixel of the monochromatic image with the Zurich Imaging Polarimeter, ZIMPOL. A wavelength scan was performed across the profile of the considered spectral line. The HAZEL inversion code was applied to the observed Stokes profiles to infer a series of physical properties of the observed structure.

Results. We carried out a spectropolarimetric observation of a prominence, consisting of a set of quasi-monochromatic images across the He I D3 line at 5876 Å in the four Stokes parameters. The map of observed Stokes profiles was inverted with HAZEL, finding magnetic fields with intensities between 15 and 30 G and directed along the spine of the prominence, which is in agreement with the results of previous works.
The impact of the halo spin-concentration relation on disc scaling laws
Authors: Posti Lorenzo , Famaey Benoit , Pezzulli Gabriele , Fraternali Filippo , Ibata Rodrigo , Marasco Antonino
Published: October 2020

Galaxy scaling laws, such as the Tully–Fisher, mass-size, and Fall relations, can provide extremely useful clues on our understanding of galaxy formation in a cosmological context. Some of these relations are extremely tight and well described by one single parameter (mass), despite the theoretical existence of secondary parameters such as spin and concentration, which are believed to impact these relations. In fact, the residuals of these scaling laws appear to be almost uncorrelated with each other, posing significant constraints on models where secondary parameters play an important role. Here, we show that a possible solution is that such secondary parameters are correlated amongst themselves, in a way that removes correlations in observable space. In particular, we focus on how the existence of an anti-correlation between the dark matter halo spin and its concentration, which is still debated in simulations, can weaken the correlation of the residuals of the Tully–Fisher and mass-size relations. Interestingly, in using simple analytic galaxy formation models, we find that this happens only for a relatively small portion of the parameter space that we explored, which suggests that this idea could be used to derive constraints on galaxy formation models that have yet to be explored.
Estimating the size of X-ray lamppost coronae in active galactic nuclei
Authors: Ursini F. , Dovčiak M. , Zhang W. , Matt G. , Petrucci P.-O. , Done C.
Published: October 2020

Aims. We report estimates of the X-ray coronal size of active galactic nuclei in the lamppost geometry. In this commonly adopted scenario, the corona is assumed for simplicity to be a point-like X-ray source located on the axis of the accretion disc. However, the corona must intercept a number of optical/UV seed photons from the disc consistent with the observed X-ray flux, which constrains its size.

Methods. We employ a relativistic ray-tracing code, originally developed by Dovčiak and Done, that calculates the size of a Comptonizing lamppost corona illuminated by a standard thin disc. We assume that the disc extends down to the innermost stable circular orbit of a non-spinning or a maximally spinning black hole. We apply this method to a sample of 20 Seyfert 1 galaxies using simultaneous optical/UV and X-ray archival data from XMM-Newton.

Results. At least for the sources accreting below the Eddington limit, we find that a Comptonizing lamppost corona can generally exist, but with constraints on its size and height above the event horizon of the black hole depending on the spin. For a maximally spinning black hole, a solution can almost always be found at any height, while for a non-spinning black hole the height must generally be higher than 5 gravitational radii. This is because, for a given luminosity, a higher spin implies more seed photons illuminating the corona, which is due to a larger and hotter inner disc area. The maximal spin solution is favoured, as it predicts an X-ray photon index in better agreement with the observations.
Quels enseignements tirer du retrait de l’atrazine dans le cadre de l’interdiction prévue du glyphosate ?
Authors: Mahé Inès , Gauvrit Christian , Angevin Frédérique , Chauvel Bruno
Published: October 2020

Au cours de ces 70 dernières années, certaines substances actives herbicides ont acquis le statut de molécules « pilier » dans la gestion des communautés adventices. En France, jusqu’en 2003, l’atrazine a joué un rôle central dans le désherbage du maïs. Depuis 1974, le glyphosate est devenu la molécule la plus utilisée dans la gestion de l’interculture, au point d’être considéré comme indispensable en agriculture de conservation. Une excellente efficacité et un faible coût ont placé ces deux molécules parmi celles les plus utilisées au monde. Mais dans les deux cas, une utilisation trop importante a conduit à la contamination des eaux et à l’émergence de questionnements sur de possibles effets négatifs sur l’environnement. Une comparaison de l’interdiction de l’atrazine et du glyphosate, d’un point de vue agronomique, économique et social, montre des inquiétudes similaires sur la gestion de la flore adventice de la part de la profession agricole. Si le retrait de l’atrazine a pu engendrer une augmentation des coûts de désherbage du maïs, la flore adventice a su être correctement maîtrisée via la mobilisation d’autres leviers, principalement chimiques. L’interdiction potentielle du glyphosate, prévue en France dans un futur proche, pourrait avoir des conséquences fortes sur la gestion de la flore adventice et plus globalement sur les exploitations agricoles. Le principal levier disponible pour se passer de glyphosate est le recours au travail du sol, mais d’autres leviers agronomiques doivent venir en complément pour assurer une gestion efficace. Bien que séparé de 15 années, le retrait de ces deux substances actives est l’occasion de prendre conscience des conséquences que peut avoir l’utilisation prédominante d’une unique substance active sur l’environnement, mais aussi sur la capacité d’adaptation des systèmes agricoles.
Sensitivity Analysis of the Thermal Energy Need of a Residential Building Assessed by means of the EN ISO 52016 Simplified Dynamic Method
Authors: Bianco Mauthe Degerfeld Franz , Ballarini Ilaria , De Luca Giovanna , Tootkaboni Mamak P. , Corrado Vincenzo
Published: October 2020

The EN ISO 52016-1:2018 technical standard has introduced a new simplified dynamic method for the calculation of the building energy need for heating and cooling. This new procedure combines a low amount of input data required, as for the previous quasi-steady and dynamic simplified methods of the withdrawn EN ISO 13790 standard, with an increased accuracy, which would reduce the gap with detailed dynamic methods. This work is part of a broader research activity aimed at investigating the new simplified dynamic model and highlighting its strengths and weaknesses, in terms of accuracy and robustness. Specifically, the work addresses the parameters that have a great influence on the final results and the effects of uncertainties in input data. To this purpose both standard and tailored energy performance assessments have been applied, in particular in the first one a continuous operation period of the space heating system was supposed, and in the second one an intermittent operation system was chosen. A sensitivity analysis was also carried out to quantify the variation of the heating and cooling loads with the set-point temperature, the windows physical properties, the heat capacity and the thermal transmission properties of opaque components, as well as the occupancy related input parameters, such as the internal heat gains and the ventilation flow rate. The analysis was applied to a multi-unit residential building located in Rome and built in the first half of the 20th century. The results outline absolute relevance of the set point temperatures. The significance of occupant behaviour and the importance of the correct definition of the component thermal properties is also pointed out through the comparison between the standard and tailored assessments.
CFD 3D Analysis of Charge Motion and Combustion in a Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine under Close-to-Idle Condition
Authors: Bozza Roberto , De Bellis Vincenzo , Fantoni Stefano , Colangelo Donato
Published: October 2020

The increasingly stringent limitations on noxious missions of transport sector highly affect the development of new engines. The operating conditions of the engine at low-load and idle play a relevant role along the regulatory homologation cycles, contributing to overall emissions. In this work, the effectiveness of some solutions to improve the behaviour under close-to-idle operation of a Spark-Ignition motorcycle engine are compared by 3D CFD analyses. Specifically, the effects of two designs of the intake port and of the opening direction of the throttle valve, either clockwise or counterclockwise, are investigated. Multi-cycle simulations are carried out, under motored and fired conditions, for a single close-to-idle operating point. The various designs are compared in terms of capability to generate a stable tumble vortex during the intake phase and to produce an adequate turbulence level at the beginning of the combustion process. The analyses revealed that a clockwise throttle opening can produce enhanced turbulence levels at the end of the compression stroke, especially in a close-to-spark region (increase of about 5% and 27 % at the TDC at a global and local level, respectively, compared to the base configuration). Additional limited improvements are obtained with the high tumbling design, where, however, a penalty on the maximum power output could emerge. The flow and turbulence motion differences among the tested geometries reflect on combustion development in its early stage, and on its degree of completeness at the exhaust valve opening. A clockwise opening of the throttle valve leads to an increase of the mass fraction burned of 5 percent points, compared to the base configuration.
Bio-additives for CI engines from one-pot alcoholysis reaction of lignocellulosic biomass: an experimental activity
Authors: Raspolli Galletti Anna Maria , Caposciutti Gianluca , Pasini Gianluca , Antonelli Marco , Frigo Stefano
Published: October 2020

In the recent years the progressive decrease in fossil petroleum resources and gradual deprivation of the environment have attracted increasing interest towards the use of biomass as renewable carbon source for the production of chemicals and transportation fuels. In particular, lignocellulosic biomass represents an abundant and inexpensive renewable resource with high carbon sequestration ability and non-polluting.

In this paper, the valorisation of mixtures made of n-butanol (n-BuOH), butyl levulinate (BL) and dibutyl ether (DBE), in different percentages, as additive fuel for compression ignition (CI) internal combustion engine (ICE) was studied. These mixtures can be directly obtained from the catalytic alcoholysis reaction of the cellulosic fraction of raw and pre-treated lignocellulosic biomasses. Moreover, the possibility to recycle and reutilize the excess alcohol (n-Butanol), during the catalytic alcoholysis reaction, has been considered since it represents an opportunity to reduce the overall costs of the process. Therefore, a blend constituted only by BL and DBE has been also tested. The model mixtures were prepared by using commercial reactants, characterized by compositions analogous to those of the reaction mixtures. These model mixtures were tested as blend with Diesel fuel in a CI-ICE with the measurement of pollutant emission and performance. Results have been compared with those obtained fuelling the engine with a commercial Diesel fuel. As a whole, tests results have evidenced the potentiality of these novel blending mixtures to reduce the emissions of particulate without any significant increase in the other pollutants and negligible changes in engine power and efficiency.
Experimental analysis of the CO2/CH4 Replacement Efficiency due to Sodium Chloride Presence in Natural Gas Hydrates Reservoirs
Authors: Gambelli Alberto Maria , Castellani Beatrice , Filipponi Mirko , Nicolini Andrea , Rossi Federico
Published: October 2020

Nowadays natural gas hydrates represent a promising opportunity for counteracting several crucial issues of the 21th century. They are a valid answer to the continuously increasing energy demand, moved by the global population growth; moreover, considering their conformation and the possibility of using them for carbon dioxide permanently storage, gas hydrates may become a carbon neutral energy source, where for each methane molecule recovered, another carbon dioxide molecule is entrapped in solid form. Considering that the combustion of one methane molecule for energy production leads to the formation of one CO2 molecule, the hydrates exploitation can be considered a clean process in terms of impact on the climate change. This work shows how the presence of sodium chloride affects the CO2/CH4 replacement process into a gas hydrates reservoir. Replacement experimental results carried out in pure demineralised water were compared with the same values performed in a mixture of water and salt, having a concentration of 37 g/l. Some parameters of interest were discussed, such us methane hydrates formed before the replacement process, total amount of hydrates (composed by both species) reached at the end of the whole process, CO2 moles that formed hydrate, quantity of hydrate present before the replacement process which were actually involved in the CO2/CH4 exchange and carbon dioxide amount which led to the formation of new hydrates structures.
A research on the effectiveness of agricultural water rights allocation based on market orientation
Authors: Bi Kanglei , Rong Lili
Published: October 2020

There are some problems in China’s agricultural water resources, such as low per capita consumption and uneven spatial and temporal distribution. It is urgent to speed up the reform of water rights trading mode. Based on the market orientation and the experience of the United States and Australia, this paper studies the effectiveness of China’s agricultural water rights trade. Firstly, the characteristics of “quasi-market” should be clarified. Secondly, under the market mechanism, this paper analyzes the mechanism of the impact of economic incentives of trading subjects, reasonable delimitation of trading prices and multiple participation of institutions and departments. Furthermore, the factors that affect the efficiency are deeply analyzed. At last, the paper provides some suggestions on the construction of a trading mechanism with Chinese characteristics from the aspects of right confirmation registration, pricing mechanism and supervision regulations, to provide decision support for agricultural water rights management system.
A farmland immersion evaluation method based on grey clustering
Authors: Yan Bin , Gao Ming , Gao Zhenwei , Yan Shengli
Published: October 2020

As we all know, the degree of farmland immersion is affected by many factors such as soil moisture content, natural pore ratio, saturation, soil lithology and so on. However, the conventional submergence assessment method only uses the relative relationship between the depth of phreatic water and the rising height of capillary water to judge the degree of submergence, which is obviously unreasonable. Therefore, in this paper, a method of farmland immersion evaluation based on trigonometric whiteness weight function grey clustering is proposed. The physical properties of soil, surface soil lithology of vadose zone and groundwater level elevation are included in the evaluation index system, and the degree of submergence is classified, and then the weight function is constructed to determine the degree of submergence hazard of each observation point in the immersion area. Case study shows that the method is reasonable and feasible for farmland immersion evaluation.
Research on insulation joint damage of the station track circuit in high speed and heavy load condition
Authors: Ji Guanggang , Liu Jianlei , Li Zheng , Chu Guangqian
Published: October 2020

In high-speed and heavy-load operation environment, the insulation joints of the station track circuit are damaged in many stations, which caused the carrier information of the adjacent sections to interfere with each other, endangered the safety of the train and reduced the reliability of the track circuit. In order to solve the incorrect code problem caused by the insulation joint breakage, we analysed the insulation damage situation for the station track circuit and the structural principle of BES choke transformer. Then the different structures of the insulation damage protection circuit are given and the relevant parameters are obtained, and verifying the anti-interference ability of the new BES choke transformer. Finally, a complete four-terminal network model of the new BES choke transformer is established. And its four-terminal network parameters are calculated by matlab simulation, which provides the theoretical basis for establishing the track circuit complete system.
Routing optimization of the emergency supplies distribution vehicles using NSGA-II algorithm: a case study
Authors: Li Xingjiang , Yin Hanyun , Yan Fuhai
Published: October 2020

In recent years, emergencies, including natural disasters and other public disasters, have seriously threatened the lives and property security of people all over the world. In order to save more people’s lives and reduce the losses caused by disasters, many researchers have carried out intensive study on the distribution of emergency supplies. This paper first studies Location-Routing Problem(LRP) of alternative logistics centers and material demand points, and constructs a multi-objective integer programming model based on the actual situation. The model consists of two objectives: (1) the minimum total transportation time; (2) the maximum total emergency material satisfaction. Then an algorithm is introduced to solve the above model: NSGA-II. Finally, the emergency materials distribution in Hubei Province is taken as an example to verify the applicability and effectiveness of the above method and the models.
Research on layout planning of disinfection tableware distribution center based on SLP method
Authors: Li Yuqing
Published: October 2020

This paper is taking Kangjie disinfecting tableware distribution center as an example. First of all, analyze the basic operation processes and the whole area is divided into eight parts. Use SLP method to analyze the correlation between logistics and non-logistics, the combination of these two can get a comprehensive correlativity. And determine the extent of distance correlation between regions and to determine the location of each operation area. The goal of this paper is to relatively optimize the design of the spatial layout and area of the Kangjie disinfection tableware distribution center, and further improve the rationality of the distribution center.
The Influence of Transaction Cost and Service Quality on Partner Loyalty – the mediating effect of relationship quality
Authors: Ma Chihmin , Jang Guanwei , Lai Miaofen
Published: October 2020

This article puts forward the conceptual framework of supply chain partnership loyalty based on the relationship between transaction cost, service quality and relationship quality. The empirical study mainly focused on equipment purchasers, and a total of 321 valid samples were collected. The results show that 4 of the 9 hypotheses are not supported, namely Hypothesis H1c: the impact of information sharing on relationship quality, H2a: asset specificity, H2b: loyalty uncertainty and H5 loyalty relationship quality. Regarding the analysis of the mediating effect of relationship quality, this study found that relationship quality has a significant mediating effect in the relationship between asset specificity and loyalty or between service quality and loyalty. That is, by investing in exclusive assets and improving service quality, customers will not show better loyalty, but asset specificity and high-quality services can affect loyalty through relationship quality.
„E-learning bedeutet nicht, alleine vor dem Computer zu sitzen“ – E-Didaktik in der Physiotherapieausbildung
Authors: Huber Martin
Published: October 2020

Die Corona-Pandemie hat die Digitalisierung in der Lehre enorm beschleunigt. Innerhalb einer Woche sollte der Normalunterricht vollständig digitalisiert werden. Im Interview mit physiopraxis-Themenscout Martin Huber beschreibt Andrea Camenisch, Expertin für E-Didaktik und E-Learning, die Tools, Chancen und Grenzen des digitalen Unterrichts in der Physiotherapieausbildung.
Im Fluss – Manuelle Lymphdrainage bei sekundärem Armlymphödem
Authors: Frank Petra
Published: October 2020

„Niemals massieren bei Malignomen“, lernte man früher in der Physiotherapieausbildung. Heute ist bekannt, dass Lymphdrainage meist unbedenklich und vor allem erleichternd ist für Patienten mit Krebs. Der Artikel entstand aus der neuen Auflage des Standardwerks „Ödeme und Lymphdrainage“, das neben Anwendungsbeispielen viele weitere Themen aus dem klinischen Alltag und Theorie zur Anatomie, Physiologie und Pathophysiologie des Lymphsystems enthält.
Accuracy of convolutional neural network-based artificial intelligence in diagnosis of gastrointestinal lesions based on endoscopic images: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mohan Babu P. , Khan Shahab R. , Kassab Lena L. , Ponnada Suresh , Dulai Parambir S. , Kochhar Gursimran S.
Published: October 2020

Background and study aims Recently, a growing body of evidence has been amassed on evaluation of artificial intelligence (AI) known as deep learning in computer-aided diagnosis of gastrointestinal lesions by means of convolutional neural networks (CNN). We conducted this meta-analysis to study pooled rates of performance for CNN-based AI in diagnosis of gastrointestinal neoplasia from endoscopic images.

Methods Multiple databases were searched (from inception to November 2019) and studies that reported on the performance of AI by means of CNN in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal tumors were selected. A random effects model was used and pooled accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated. Pooled rates were categorized based on the gastrointestinal location of lesion (esophagus, stomach and colorectum).

Results Nineteen studies were included in our final analysis. The pooled accuracy of CNN in esophageal neoplasia was 87.2 % (76–93.6) and NPV was 92.1 % (85.9–95.7); the accuracy in lesions of stomach was 85.8 % (79.8–90.3) and NPV was 92.1 % (85.9–95.7); and in colorectal neoplasia the accuracy was 89.9 % (82–94.7) and NPV was 94.3 % (86.4–97.7).

Conclusions Based on our meta-analysis, CNN-based AI achieved high accuracy in diagnosis of lesions in esophagus, stomach, and colorectum.