bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mineral Composition and Antioxidant Potential in the Common Poppy (Papaver rhoeas L.) Petal Infusions
Authors: Katarzyna Janda , Karolina Jakubczyk , Patrycja Kupnicka , Mateusz Bosiacki , Izabela Gutowska
Published: April 2020

The flowers of the common poppy are used for medicinal purposes, both internally and externally. They are reported to have antispasmodic and antitussive properties, to alleviate inflammatory conditions and soothe anxiety-related digestive problems. The aim of the study was to determine the antioxidant potential and the content of vitamin C, polyphenols, and minerals in infusions made from the petals of the common poppy at different temperatures. The infusions were made at various temperatures (25 °C, 70 °C, 80 °C, and 90 °C). The antioxidant potential and the content of polyphenols and vitamin C were determined by spectrophotometric methods. The mineral content was determined using the ICP-OES method. The total polyphenol content ranged from 135.2 to 137.24 ppm and that of vitamin C—from 15.47 to 15.78 mg/100 mL. The temperature of the water used to make the infusions did not appear to have a significant effect on these parameters. The temperature did, however, significantly affect the antioxidant potential of the infusions—the highest antioxidant activity (71.21% DPPH inhibition) was observed in the infusion prepared using water at 80 °C. The infusions included in the study contained a number of minerals. No significant effect of temperature was found for the content of K, Zn, Cu, Fe, and Ni in the infusions. On the other hand, the content of Ca in the infusions was significantly correlated with the increasing temperature of the water. It was concluded that poppy petal infusions may serve as a valuable dietary supplement, providing antioxidants and minerals required by the human body to function properly.
The Effect of Industry-Level Aggregate Demand on Earnings: Evidence from the US
Authors: McCausland W. D. , Summerfield F. , Theodossiou I.
Published: April 2020

Economic theory suggests that workers’ pay is mainly determined by their marginal product and that industry wage differentials may result either from the structure of the industry (demand type factors) or human capital characteristics of the employed labour force (supply type factors). This study uses a major data set from the US that allows the investigation of the effects of these demand and supply type factors on average earnings across industries. Importantly, this paper shows that aggregate demand relevant to the particular industry has a strong positive effect on the industry’s average earnings in addition to the previously established results regarding the significance of the effects of worker and firm characteristics. Consequently, labour market policies crafted without due consideration of macroeconomic demand may be ineffective as a solution to the proliferation of low pay employment.
SOCS3 Attenuates GM-CSF/IFN-γ-Mediated Inflammation During Spontaneous Spinal Cord Regeneration
Authors: Zhang Xuejie , He Bingqiang , Li Hui , Wang Yingjie , Zhou Yue , Wang Wenjuan , Song Tiancheng , Du Nan , Gu Xingxing , Luo Yi , Wang Yongjun
Published: April 2020

SOCS3, a feedback inhibitor of the JAK/STAT signal pathway, negatively regulates axonal regrowth and inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS). Here, we demonstrated a distinct role of SOCS3 in the injured spinal cord of the gecko following tail amputation. Severing the gecko spinal cord did not evoke an inflammatory cascade except for an injury-stimulated elevation of the granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) cytokines. Simultaneously, the expression of SOCS3 was upregulated in microglia, and unexpectedly not in neurons. Enforced expression of SOCS3 was sufficient to suppress the GM-CSF/IFN-γ-driven inflammatory responses through its KIR domain by attenuating the activities of JAK1 and JAK2. SOCS3 was also linked to GM-CSF/IFN-γ-induced cross-tolerance. Transfection of adenovirus overexpressing SOCS3 in the injured cord resulted in a significant decrease of inflammatory cytokines. These results reveal a distinct role of SOCS3 in the regenerating spinal cord, and provide new hints for CNS repair in mammals.
Fusarium solani induces the formation of agarwood in Gyrinops versteegii (Gilg.) Domke branches
Authors: Faizal Ahmad , Azar Alda Wydia Prihartini , Turjaman Maman , Esyanti Rizkita Rachmi
Published: April 2020

Agarwood is a resinous wood produced by some members of plant family Thymelaeaceae under certain conditions. Agarwood is highly prized, but its formation requires a long-time process in nature. Therefore, various induction techniques have been explored to hasten the process. In this study, we induced agarwood in Gyrinops versteegii, one of the most abundant agarwood-producing trees in Indonesia. We used 12 trees and wounded four branches on each tree through an injection process. We used two strains of the endophytic fungi Fusarium solani isolated from Gorontalo and Jambi Provinces. After 3 months, the inoculated wood had an extensive resinous zone, when compared to wounded control wood. Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of the inoculated samples revealed the presence of several sesquiterpenes characteristic of agarwood. These included alloaromadendrene, β-eudesmol and β-selinene as well as the chromone derivatives 2-(2-phenylethyl) chromen-4-one, 6-methoxy-2-(2-phenylethyl) chromen-4-one, and 6,7-dimethoxy-2-(2-phenylethyl) chromen-4-one. We conclude that this method successfully induced agarwood to form in a matter of months and could be used to enhance the success of agarwood cultivation.
Uplift pressure and hydraulic gradient in Sabalan Dam
Authors: Norouzi Reza , Salmasi Farzin , Arvanaghi Hadi
Published: April 2020

The present study investigates the effects of clay core thickness and cutoff wall depth on some of the design parameters in the Sabalan rock fill dam by the finite-element method using the SEEP/W software. Clay cores with various thicknesses and cutoff walls in different situations of dam foundations were tested. The results revealed that (1) the maximum hydraulic gradient in Sabalan dam foundation occurs in the cutoff wall; (2) the minimum hydraulic gradient can be found by changing the location of the cutoff wall, under the center of clay core; and (3) discharge reduction depends on the optimum position at heel of the core. As the permeability decreases and the depth of the cutoff wall increases, the hydraulic gradient in the cutoff wall increases. As the thickness of the clay core increases, hydraulic gradient and the seepage discharge decreases and the uplift pressure increases.
Effect of poly (ethylene-butene) and nano-aluminium oxide blend on the viscosity of Nigerian crude oil
Authors: Odutola Toyin Olabisi , Idemili Chinenye Anita
Published: April 2020

Wax deposition in production tubing and pipelines is very critical in Nigeria petroleum industry. It can lead to a reduction in production, shut-in of wells, choking of flow lines, failure of downhole equipment, increased power requirement and loss in revenue. In the bid to address this issue, a Niger Delta crude oil sample was characterized in this study to know its wax deposition tendency and other chemical properties. The effect of temperature on the viscosity of the crude oil sample was studied, and the degree of viscosity reduction (DVR) of the crude oil sample in the presence of poly (ethylene-butene) (PEB) and nano-aluminium oxide (Al2O3) blend at different temperatures was evaluated. 100 ppm of nano-Al2O3blend with 1000 ppm, 2000 ppm and 5000 ppm of PEB, respectively, was added to the crude oil sample at different temperatures, and the degree of viscosity reduction (DVR) in each blend at 10 °C, 15 °C, 20 °C, 30 °C and 35 °C was evaluated. The blend with 2000 ppm of PEB with 100 ppm nano-Al2O3is the best for offshore application as it gave the highest DVR of 77.9% and 73.7% at 10 °C and 15 °C, respectively, while the other blends gave a DVR of about 70% at 10 °C and 15 °C. As the crude sample temperature approached the wax appearance temperature of 29 °C, the DVR of PEB/Al2O3blend drastically reduced. PEB/Al2O3blend inhibited wax precipitation, and at low temperatures, a significant reduction in the viscosity of the crude oil sample was observed, which makes it a good recommendation for offshore application.
Preparation and Certification of a New Salvianolic Acid A Reference Material for Food and Drug Research
Authors: Yang Dezhi , Su Bin , Bi Yancai , Zhang Li , Zhang Baoxi , Song Junke , Lu Yang , Du Guanhua
Published: April 2020

Salvianolic acid A (Sal A), a water-soluble ingredient in Danshen, has various biological activities. Sal A and its impurities have similar physical and chemical properties, as well as strong reducibility; therefore, they are difficult to prepare and purify. In this study, high-purity Sal A was obtained by purification of sephadex chromatography and preparative chromatography. Furthermore, HPLC–DAD tandem ECD and HPLC–DAD tandem MS methods were used for non-volatile organic impurity analysis, ICP-MS method was used for non-volatile inorganic impurities and mass balance method and quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance were employed to certify the product. The structures of Sal A and its relative impurities were validated by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, and their contents were quantified as well. Following the principles of ISO Guides 34:2009 and 35:2005, a Sal A reference material was certified, covering homogeneity studies, stability studies, characterization, and uncertainty estimations.

Graphic Abstract
The effect of ethanol evaporation on the properties of inkjet produced liposomes
Authors: Bnyan Ruba , Cesarini Laura , Khan Iftikhar , Roberts Matt , Ehtezazi Touraj
Published: April 2020

Background

Inkjet method has been used to produce nano-sized liposomes with a uniform size distribution. However, following the production of liposomes by inkjet method, the solvent residue in the product could have a significant effect on the properties of the final liposomes.

Objective

This research paper aimed to find a suitable method to remove ethanol content and to study its effect on the properties of the final liposomal suspension.

Method

Egg phosphatidylcholine and lidocaine were dissolved in ethanol; and inkjet method at 80 kHz was applied to produce uniform droplets, which were deposited in an aqueous solution to form liposomes. Dry nitrogen gas flow, air-drying, and rotary evaporator were tested to remove the ethanol content. Liposome properties such as size, polydispersity index (PDI), and charge were screened before and after ethanol evaporation.

Results

Only rotary evaporator (at constant speed and room temperature for 2 h) removed all of the ethanol content, with a final drug entrapment efficiency (EE) of 29.44 ± 6.77%. This was higher than a conventional method. Furthermore, removing ethanol led to liposome size reduction from approximately 200 nm to less than 100 nm in most samples. Additionally, this increased the liposomal net charge, which contributed to maintain the uniform and narrow size distribution of liposomes.

Conclusion

Nano-sized liposomes were produced with a narrow PDI and higher EE compared to a conventional method by using an inkjet method. Moreover, rotary evaporator for 2 h reduced effectively the ethanol content, while maintaining the narrow size distribution.
Spintronics in Two-Dimensional Materials
Authors: Liu Yanping , Zeng Cheng , Zhong Jiahong , Ding Junnan , Wang Zhiming M. , Liu Zongwen
Published: April 2020

Spintronics, exploiting the spin degree of electrons as the information vector, is an attractive field for implementing the beyond Complemetary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) devices. Recently, two-dimensional (2D) materials have been drawing tremendous attention in spintronics owing to their distinctive spin-dependent properties, such as the ultra-long spin relaxation time of graphene and the spin–valley locking of transition metal dichalcogenides. Moreover, the related heterostructures provide an unprecedented probability of combining the different characteristics via proximity effect, which could remedy the limitation of individual 2D materials. Hence, the proximity engineering has been growing extremely fast and has made significant achievements in the spin injection and manipulation. Nevertheless, there are still challenges toward practical application; for example, the mechanism of spin relaxation in 2D materials is unclear, and the high-efficiency spin gating is not yet achieved. In this review, we focus on 2D materials and related heterostructures to systematically summarize the progress of the spin injection, transport, manipulation, and application for information storage and processing. We also highlight the current challenges and future perspectives on the studies of spintronic devices based on 2D materials.
Identifying the Representational Structure of Affect Using fMRI
Authors: Mattek Alison M. , Burr Daisy A. , Shin Jin , Whicker Cady L. , Kim M. Justin
Published: April 2020

The events we experience day to day can be described in terms of their affective quality: some are rewarding, others are upsetting, and still others are inconsequential. These natural distinctions reflect an underlying representational structure used to classify affective quality. In affective psychology, many experiments model this representational structure with two dimensions, using either the dimensions of valence and arousal, or alternatively, the dimensions of positivity and negativity. Using fMRI, we show that it is optimal to use all four dimensions to examine the data. Our findings include (1) a gradient representation of valence that is anatomically organized along the fusiform gyrus and (2) distinct sub-regions within bilateral amygdala that track arousal versus negativity. Importantly, these results would have remained concealed had either of the commonly used 2-dimensional approaches been adopted a priori, demonstrating the utility of our approach.
Trends in Smart Manufacturing: Role of Humans and Industrial Robots in Smart Factories
Authors: Evjemo Linn D. , Gjerstad Tone , Grøtli Esten I. , Sziebig Gabor
Published: April 2020

Purpose of Review

This paper provides an overview of the role of humans and robots in smart factories, their connection to Industry 4.0, and which progress they make when it comes to related technologies.

Recent Findings

The current study shows that a decade was not enough to provide a reference implementation or application of Industry 4.0, like smart factories. In 2011, Industry 4.0 was mentioned for the first time in the scientific community. Industry 4.0 arrived with many new enabling technologies and buzzwords, e.g., Internet of Things (IoT), Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), and Digital Twins (DT).

This paper first defines smart factories and smart manufacturing in relation to the role of humans and robots. Followed by an overview of selected technologies in smart factories. Concluded by future prospects and its’ relation to smart manufacturing.
Ionospheric Effects During the Total Solar Eclipse Over Southeast Asia‐Pacific on 9 March 2016: Part 1. Vertical Movement of Plasma Layer and Reduction in Electron Plasma Density
Authors: Dear Varuliantor , Husin Asnawi , Anggarani Sefria , Harjosuwito Jiyo , Pradipta Rezy
Published: April 2020

We report our investigation of ionospheric effects that occurred during a total solar eclipse over the Southeast Asia‐Pacific region on 9 March 2016. In particular, here we examine rapid uplift of the ionospheric F‐layer during the eclipse, and reductions of ionospheric plasma density in areas around the eclipse totality. This study used data from ionosondes at Biak and Guam, as well as data from a bistatic HF radio link (∼1300 km apart, cutting across the eclipse totality trajectory) between Biak and Manado. Gridded total electron content (TEC) data from the Madrigal Database were also used for a cross‐comparison. The ionosonde measurements indicate an upward vertical drift velocity in the range of 21−40 m/s in the ionospheric F‐region during the eclipse. Over Biak, foF2 decreased from 10 MHz to 6 MHz (a 40% reduction) during the eclipse. Meanwhile, foF2 over Guam during the eclipse was suppressed for a few hours; lower than the 7‐day average normal level by 3 MHz. The Madrigal GPS TEC data corroborate these ionosonde measurements. Finally, data from the Biak‐Manado HF radio link indicate that the D‐region ionosphere had diminished substantially during the eclipse.
Exploring Thermospheric Variations Triggered by Severe Geomagnetic Storm on 26 August 2018 Using GRACE Follow‐On Data
Authors: Krauss S. , Behzadpour S. , Temmer M. , Lhotka C.
Published: April 2020

With the successful launch of the satellite mission Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) Follow‐On in May 2018 the opportunity arises to resume the analysis of accelerometer data regarding space weather induced perturbations of the Earth's thermosphere. On 21 August 2018 a complex interplanetary coronal mass ejections occurred on the Sun, which subsequently triggered an unexpected large geomagnetic storm on 26 August. We present a detailed analysis of the interplanetary coronal mass ejection eruption and explore the occurred perturbation of the neutral mass density in the upper Earth's atmosphere. Due to the heating and the subsequent expansion of the thermosphere also the drag force acting on the spacecraft is enhanced. This leads to an additional storm‐induced orbit decay, which we calculate by means of variations in the semimajor axis. The evaluation is based on the utilization of accelerometer measurements from GRACE Follow‐On. For the reduction of disturbing nongravitational forces we implemented a physical shadow function, which incorporates the Earth's oblateness and the atmospheric refraction and extinction. Additionally, the estimation of Earth's reradiation is now based on hourly measurements by the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System. The resulting atmospheric densities and orbit decays are compared with predictions from our preliminary thermospheric forecasting tool, which is based on the study by Krauss et al. (2018, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JA025778). The evaluation shows that the maximum estimated orbit decay triggered by the geomagnetic storm on 26 August is in the order of approximately 8.2 m and thus in good accordance with the forecasted value (9.5 m)—predicted with a lead time of about 60 min.
Experimental Investigation of the Streamer Zone of Long‐Spark Positive Leader Using High‐Speed Photography and Microwave Probing
Authors: Bogatov N. A. , Kostinskiy A. Yu , Syssoev V. S. , Andreev M. G. , Bulatov M. U. , Sukharevsky D. I. , Mareev E. A. , Rakov V. A.
Published: April 2020

The streamer zone of positive leader during the breakthrough phase of long sparks was experimentally investigated with two methods. One of the methods is the analysis of streamer‐zone images obtained with a high‐speed framing camera with image enhancement. This method allowed us to estimate the spatial distribution of streamer density and low‐frequency conductivity in the streamer zone. The other method is the microwave probing, which we applied for the first time to long sparks. The attenuation of microwave beam in the streamer zone in our experiments is proportional to the total number of free electrons inside the microwave beam. Experimental data on the microwave attenuation combined with the streamer density found using the first method allowed us to estimate the total number of free electrons in one streamer. The following parameters were obtained. The streamer density in the center of the streamer zone is (0.6–1) · 105 m−3, and the total number of streamers in the streamer zone is 4 · 105–106. The average total number of free electrons in one streamer is about 3 · 1010. Low‐frequency conductivity on the axis of streamer zone was estimated to be typically 2 · 10−5 S/m, which is similar to that estimated for corona sheath in lightning. Both methods are based on the assumption of constancy of electric field and similarity of all streamers inside the streamer zone. The overall results of this study are generally consistent with this assumption.
Repeated Subsurface Thermal Profiling to Reveal Temporal Variability in Deep Groundwater Flow Conditions
Authors: Bense V. F. , Kurylyk B. L. , de Bruin J. G. H. , Visser P.
Published: April 2020

Reliably quantifying groundwater fluxes to and from confined aquifers in sedimentary basins is increasingly recognized as a critical challenge that impedes sustainable groundwater management. One approach to quantify such fluxes is through the analysis of deep (e.g., >50 m) borehole thermal profiles penetrating through aquifer‐aquitard systems. Recently developed methods to interpret such data exploit the relationship between vertical groundwater flow and the downward propagation of surface temperature disturbances resulting from climate warming. In this note, we advance beyond prior studies that assumed steady‐state groundwater flow by demonstrating how hydrogeological regime shifts on decadal time scales can be quantitatively inferred from temperature‐depth profiles (TDPs). We use a set of repeated temperature‐depth profiles from one site in an unconsolidated sedimentary aquifer system, recorded in 1980 and 2016/2018 to tentatively infer a minimum of a threefold increase in groundwater downwelling to deeper aquifers (i.e., from 100 to 350 mm/year). The enhanced flux likely results from intensified, deep groundwater abstraction in the vicinity since the mid‐1980s. We reach this conclusion through analyzing the occurrence and downward propagation of the minimum temperature in the profiles as well as the temporal trend in deeper groundwater temperatures. We conclude that repeated temperature‐depth profiles can be suitable to archive hydrogeological changes. Our results provide the impetus for more systematic collection of present‐day TDPs to provide a historical benchmark from which to assess future groundwater flow alterations, especially in areas that lack traditional aquifer monitoring via hydraulic head measurements.
Compiling Magnetosheath Statistical Data Sets Under Specific Solar Wind Conditions: Lessons Learnt From the Dayside Kinetic Southward IMF GEM Challenge
Authors: Dimmock A. P. , Hietala H. , Zou Y.
Published: April 2020

The Geospace Environmental Modelling (GEM) community offers a framework for collaborations between modelers, observers, and theoreticians in the form of regular challenges. In many cases, these challenges involve model‐data comparisons to provide wider context to observations or validate model results. To perform meaningful comparisons, a statistical approach is often adopted, which requires the extraction of a large number of measurements from a specific region. However, in complex regions such as the magnetosheath, compiling these data can be difficult. Here, we provide the statistical context of compiling statistical data for the southward IMF GEM challenge initiated by the “Dayside Kinetic Processes in Global Solar Wind‐Magnetosphere Interaction” focus group. It is shown that matching very specific upstream conditions can severely impact the statistical data if limits are imposed on several solar wind parameters. We suggest that future studies that wish to compare simulations and/or single events to statistical data should carefully consider at an early stage the availability of data in context with the upstream criteria. We also demonstrate the importance of how specific IMF conditions are defined, the chosen spacecraft, the region of interest, and how regions are identified automatically. The lessons learnt in this study are of wide context to many future studies as well as GEM challenges. The results also highlight the issue where a global statistical perspective has to be balanced with its relevance to more‐extreme, less‐frequent individual events, which is typically the case in the field of space weather.
Revising the Ozone Depletion Potentials Metric for Short‐Lived Chemicals Such as CF3I and CH3I
Authors: Zhang Jun , Wuebbles Donald J. , Kinnison Douglas E. , Saiz‐Lopez Alfonso
Published: April 2020

Ozone depletion potentials (ODPs) are an important metric in national and international policy for evaluating the relative importance of different gases to affecting stratospheric ozone. In evaluating the ODPs of iodotrifluoromethane (CF3I) and methyl iodide (CH3I) using the recently updated understanding of atmospheric iodine chemistry, only minor ozone loss would be expected to occur in the stratosphere from the very short‐lived (~6 days) CF3I, with slightly larger destruction of stratospheric ozone from CH3I (~12 days). In addition, most of the ozone destruction would likely occur in the lower troposphere over continental surfaces, reducing anthropogenic ozone pollution. The traditional ODP concept uses total column ozone change, but this is not an accurate representation of potential future use of very short‐lived substances (VSLSs) on the abundance of stratospheric ozone. A new metric, Stratospheric ODP (or SODP), is defined that only accounts for stratospheric ozone loss, providing a useful additional tool for policy considerations of VSLSs on stratospheric ozone.
Associations between different dimensions of prenatal distress, neonatal hippocampal connectivity, and infant memory
Authors: Scheinost Dustin , Spann Marisa N. , McDonough Laraine , Peterson Bradley S. , Monk Catherine
Published: April 2020

Prenatal maternal distress—an umbrella concept encompassing multiple negative psychological states including stress, anxiety, and depression—is a substantial prenatal exposure. Consistent across preclinical and human studies, the hippocampus displays alterations due to prenatal distress. Nevertheless, most prenatal distress studies do not focus on multiple dimensions of, have not examined hippocampal functional connectivity in association with, and do not consider observer-based functional outcomes related to distress. We investigated the effects of different dimensions of prenatal distress in pregnant adolescents, a population at high risk for distress, in association with neonatal hippocampal connectivity and infant memory. In pregnant adolescents (n = 42), we collected four measures of distress (perceived stress, depression, pregnancy-specific distress, and 24-h ambulatory salivary cortisol) during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters. Resting-state imaging data were acquired in their infants at 40–44 weeks post-menstrual age. Functional connectivity was measured from hippocampal seeds. Memory abilities were obtained at 4 months using the mobile conjugate reinforcement task. Shared across different dimensions of maternal distress, increased 3rd trimester maternal distress associated with weaker hippocampal–cingulate cortex connectivity and stronger hippocampal–temporal lobe connectivity. Perceived stress inversely correlated while hippocampal–cingulate cortex connectivity positively correlated with infant memory. Increased cortisol—collected during the 2nd, but not the 3rd, trimester—associated with weaker hippocampal–cingulate cortex connectivity and stronger hippocampal–temporal lobe connectivity. Different dimensions of prenatal maternal distress likely contribute shared and unique effects to shaping infant brain and behavior.
A key ‘foxy’ aroma gene is regulated by homology-induced promoter indels in the iconic juice grape ‘Concord’
Authors: Yang Yingzhen , Cuenca José , Wang Nian , Liang Zhenchang , Sun Honghe , Gutierrez Benjamin , Xi Xiaojun , Arro Jie , Wang Yi , Fan Peige , Londo Jason , Cousins Peter , Li Shaohua , Fei Zhangjun , Zhong Gan-Yuan
Published: April 2020

‘Concord’, the most well-known juice grape with a parentage of the North American grape speciesVitis labruscaL., possesses a special ‘foxy’ aroma predominantly resulted from the accumulation of methyl anthranilate (MA) in berries. This aroma, however, is often perceived as an undesirable attribute by wine consumers and rarely noticeable in the common table and wine grape speciesV. vinifera. Here we discovered homology-induced promoter indels as a major genetic mechanism for species-specific regulation of a key ‘foxy’ aroma gene, anthraniloyl-CoA:methanol acyltransferase (AMAT), that is responsible for MA biosynthesis. We found the absence of a 426-bp and/or a 42-bp sequence inAMATpromoters highly associated with high levels ofAMATexpression and MA accumulation in ‘Concord’ and otherV. labrusca-derived grapes. These promoter variants, all with direct and inverted repeats, were further confirmed in more than 1,300Vitisgermplasm. Moreover, functional impact of these indels was validated in transgenicArabidopsis. Superimposed on the promoter regulation, large structural changes including exonic insertion of a retrotransposon were present at theAMATlocus in someV. viniferagrapes. Elucidation of theAMATgenetic regulation advances our understanding of the ‘foxy’ aroma trait and makes it genetically trackable and amenable in grapevine breeding.
Correlative dual-color dSTORM/AFM reveals protein clusters at the cytoplasmic side of human bronchial epithelium membranes
Authors: Zhou Lulu , Gao Jing , Wang Huili , Shi Yan , Xu Haijiao , Yan Qiuyan , Jing Yingying , Jiang Junguang , Cai Mingjun , Wang Hongda
Published: April 2020

Localizing two distinct specific proteins within the topography of a cell membrane by correlative dSTORM/AFM microscopy.
Dopamine-modified magnetic graphene oxide as a recoverable sorbent for the preconcentration of metal ions by an effervescence-assisted dispersive micro solid-phase extraction procedure
Authors: Karbalaie Basira , Rajabi Maryam , Fahimirad Bahareh
Published: April 2020

Nanomagnetic graphene oxide modified with dopamine (GO–Fe3O4–DA) was synthesized via a very simple procedure.
A Z-type heterojunction of bimetal sulfide CuNi2S4 and CoWO4 for catalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Mao Min , Xu Jing , Yu Xiaobin , Liu Ye
Published: April 2020

CoWO4 was deposited in situ on CuNi2S4 material by a two-step hydrothermal method. The tight heterogeneous interface formed by the two provides a channel for the effective transfer and utilization of photogenerated electrons.
Beneficial effects of sulfated polysaccharides from the red seaweed Gelidium pacificum Okamura on mice with antibiotic-associated diarrhea
Authors: Cui Mingxiao , Zhou Ruimei , Wang Yongjie , Zhang Min , Liu Kehai , Ma Chenchen
Published: April 2020

Gelidium pacificum Okamura polysaccharides can alleviate antibiotic-associated diarrhea in mice by modulating the gut microbiota and reversing metabolic disorders.
Enantioselective aerobic oxidative cross-dehydrogenative coupling of glycine derivatives with ketones and aldehydes via cooperative photoredox catalysis and organocatalysis
Authors: Yang Xiaorong , Xie Zhixiang , Li Ying , Zhang Yuan
Published: April 2020

A visible-light-induced enantioselective aerobic oxidative cross-dehydrogenative coupling between glycine derivatives and simple ketones or aldehydes is achieved.
Amorphous molybdenum selenide intercalated magnetite as a recyclable trap for the effective sequestration of elemental mercury
Authors: Yang Zequn , Li Hailong , Yang Qin , Zhao Jiexia , Meng Fanyue , Feng Yong , Qu Wenqi , Yang Jianping , Shih Kaimin
Published: April 2020

The amorphous molybdenum intercalated magnetite [MoSe3(inter)Fe3O4] was purposefully designed and synthesized as an efficient and recyclable sorbent for immobilizing elemental mercury (Hg0) from industrial flue gases into extremely stable mercury selenide (HgSe).
Promotion of oxygen reduction and evolution by applying a nanoengineered hybrid catalyst on cobalt free electrodes for solid oxide cells
Authors: Tong Xiaofeng , Xu Yu , Tripković Đorđije , Hendriksen Peter Vang , Kiebach Wolff-Ragnar , Chen Ming
Published: April 2020

A remarkable enhancement of electro-catalytic activity of a cobalt-free (La0.6Sr0.4)0.98FeO3−δ electrode by applying a nanoengineered hybrid catalyst coating via co-infiltration.
Triazole functionalized 5,9-dioxa-13b-boranaphtho[3,2,1-de]anthracene: a new family of multi-stimuli responsive materials
Authors: Meng Guoyun , Peng Tai , Shi Yonggang , Li Haijun , Wang Xiang , Yin Xiaodong , Yang Deng-Tao , Wang Suning , Wang Nan
Published: April 2020

Novel BN containing compounds were synthesized, which can form intermolecular dynamic B–N dative bond and exhibit multi-stimuli responsive property.
One‐third optical frequency divider for dual‐wavelength optical signals based on an optoelectronic oscillator
Authors: Liu Hongfei , Zhu Nan , Liu Shifeng , Zhu Dan , Pan Shilong
Published: April 2020

An optical frequency divider for dual‐wavelength optical signals based on an optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The Mach–Zehnder modulator in the OEO is biased at the minimum transmission point, the OEO‐based frequency divided signal originates from system noise. When the oscillation phase and amplitude conditions met, it gets stabilised at an oscillation frequency which is one‐third of the frequency interval of the injected dual‐wavelength optical signal. A proof‐of‐concept experiment is verified. With the frequency interval of the dual‐wavelength optical signal ranging from 101.4 to 120.6 GHz, the RF signals ranging from 33.8 to 40.2 GHz are successfully generated. The power ripple is lower than 2.92 dB and the rejection ratio of the harmonic components is larger than 39 dB for all the conditions. The phase noise values of the generated RF signals are kept to be around −105 dBc/Hz@10 kHz.
PN code tracking based on sub‐Nyquist and non‐commensurate sampling
Authors: Jin Xiaojun , Peng Zhen , Ma Zhipeng , Zhang Wei , Xu Zhaobin , Jin Zhonghe
Published: April 2020

Increasingly high bandwidths are desired in modern navigation and autonomous RF ranging signal design to achieve better pseudo‐noise (PN) ranging accuracy. However, fulfilling the Nyquist criterion for such high‐bandwidth signals would be a challenging issue for system design. Considering that the Nyquist criterion is not a necessary condition for PN code tracking, sub‐Nyquist sampling can be adopted as a feasible solution to this issue. Nevertheless, it is at the expense of an increase in thermal noise caused by tracking error. This problem is particularly prominent for tracking weak signals such as navigation signals, which limits the applicability of this sampling scenario. As far as high‐precision autonomous PN ranging is concerned, however, the tracking error due to digital implementation is not negligible and even becomes the dominating factor instead of thermal noise. This means that the performance loss incurred by sub‐Nyquist sampling can be eliminated under high‐signal‐to‐noise ratio conditions. Exploiting this fact, this Letter proposes a novel PN code tracking approach based on sub‐Nyquist and non‐commensurate sampling, providing a solution to achieving high‐ranging accuracy while breaking the bounds of the Nyquist sampling theorem without performance degradation. The approach is very attractive for precise PN ranging applications demanding miniaturised implementation.
Improved stochastic integral inequalities to stability analysis of stochastic genetic regulatory networks with mixed time‐varying delays
Authors: Zhang Xinyue , Wang Yantao , Zhang Xian
Published: April 2020

This study investigates the problem of mean‐square asymptotic stability analysis of stochastic genetic regulatory networks with mixed time‐varying delays. The innovation of this study lies in that several stochastic integral inequalities are improved based on auxiliary function integral inequalities. Thereby, less conservative mean‐square asymptotic stability criteria are derived by constructing Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional with multiple integral terms and employing the proposed stochastic integral inequalities and the (reciprocal) convex combination technique. The obtained stability criteria are described in terms of linear matrix inequalities, which can be easily verified by using standard software tools. Finally, three numerical examples are provided to test and verify the effectiveness and less conservativeness of the proposed stability criteria.
Discrete‐time adaptive control of uncertain sampled‐data systems with uncertain input delay: a reduction
Authors: Abidi Khalid , Soo Hang Jian , Postlethwaite Ian
Published: April 2020

This study proposes a discrete‐time adaptive control approach for uncertain single‐input single‐output linear time‐invariant sampled‐data systems with uncertain, constant input time delay that has a known upper‐bound, without explicitly estimating the time delay. To cope with the unknown time delay, a reduction approach similar to that proposed by Artstein in 1982 is used, which results in a delay‐free system that simplifies the control law design. In addition, the proposed control approach is capable of coping with bounded exogenous disturbances. A rigorous stability analysis shows that the proposed control approach drives the system output to a bound around the reference signal asymptotically, in the presence of an exogenous disturbance. Moreover, simulation results are shown to verify the approach.
ResDNN: deep residual learning for natural image denoising
Authors: Singh Gurprem , Mittal Ajay , Aggarwal Naveen
Published: April 2020

Image denoising is a thoroughly studied research problem in the areas of image processing and computer vision. In this work, a deep convolution neural network with added benefits of residual learning for image denoising is proposed. The network is composed of convolution layers and ResNet blocks along with rectified linear unit activation functions. The network is capable of learning end‐to‐end mappings from noise distorted images to restored cleaner versions. The deeper networks tend to be challenging to train and often are posed with the problem of vanishing gradients. The residual learning and orthogonal kernel initialisation keep the gradients in check. The skip connections in the ResNet blocks pass on the learned abstractions further down the network in the forward pass, thus achieving better results. With a single model, one can tackle different levels of Gaussian noise efficiently. The experiments conducted on the benchmark datasets prove that the proposed model obtains a significant improvement in structural similarity index than the previously existing state‐of‐the‐art techniques.
Review on natural ester and nanofluids as an environmental friendly alternative to transformer mineral oil
Authors: Jacob Joyce , Preetha P. , Thiruthi Krishnan Sindhu
Published: April 2020

The development of reliable, environmentally safe and economic insulating oil for the transformer is an endless effort of the electrical industry. Recent research is based on natural ester fluid, the green insulating oil which exhibits excellent dielectric performance and environment friendly characteristics. Nanofluids are also emerging as potential replacement for the conventional mineral oil used in transformers. Characterisation of nanoparticle filled mineral oil and natural esters have validated their improved dielectric behaviour in comparison to the unfilled oil. Although the applications are wide, the state of the art technology requires a deeper understanding of the underlying phenomenon. Much work is expected to be done in the application of nanofluids prepared with mineral oil and natural ester, particularly its effect on the cellulose insulation. The study provides an overview of the different materials that have been used as alternatives to the conventional transformer mineral oil, with special emphasis on natural esters and natural ester nanofluids, their advantages and challenges.
Power optimisation of small scale SPV array using field programmable reconfiguration topology for dynamic non‐uniform illumination state
Authors: Prakash Surya , Rastogi Swati , Gupte Shaunak M. , Duttagupta Siddhartha P.
Published: April 2020

The power output of the solar‐photovoltaic (SPV) array is affected significantly by non‐uniformly incident solar radiation. Such non‐uniform illumination (NUI) condition(s) occur due to shadows of terrestrial structures (like buildings, trees, etc.) or through the creation of hotspot(s) in the contribution of moisture‐dust accumulation, bird droppings, etc. which are predictable in nature. Furthermore, projected images of cloud(s) also cause NUI impact which is unpredictable and is/are subject to variables such as 3‐D cloud coverage, cloud density, wind speed, etc. Literature also affirms that SPV array architecture plays a critical role in NUI effect mitigation. The novelty of this paper is the introduction of switching network system with the flexibility in the arrangement of the SPV panel series–parallel connections as per solar light intensity, NUI pattern, and data obtained from panel's peripheral light sensors. The field programmable reconfiguration strategy proposed here will get the power vs voltage curve and current vs voltage curve to identify maximum power‐point. Multiple NUI patterns are simulated in MATLAB with variance in SPV array matrix and peripheral sensor matrix. This proposed reconfiguration method is cost‐effective and includes embedded devices that could be widely implemented for domestic as well as commercial applications with the nested sub‐array scheme.
Effect of cone throttle valve pressure on cavitation noise
Authors: Zhang Jian , Qi Naiming , Jiang Jihai
Published: April 2020

The hydraulic cone throttle valve is prone to cavitation and cavitation noise. To address this problem, the authors studied the influence of cone throttle valve pressure and flow rate on cavitation noise. First, they used fluid–solid coupling principles to conduct a finite volume simulation of the cone throttle valve and obtain the cavitation distribution in its flow channel under different pressures. Then, they built an experimental apparatus to perform visualisation measurements on the cone throttle valve. The authors used the valve core opening to adjust the experimental pressure, used a high‐speed camera to shoot the morphological changes in cavitation under different pressures, and measured the valve noise. The cavitation of the cone throttle valve was affected by the pressure. The larger the pressure difference between the front and back of the valve was, the more obvious the cavitation was and the stronger the cavitation noise was. The cavitation noise can be suppressed by reducing the pressure difference between the front and back of the valve.
Power quality data processing method based on a distributed compressed sensing and learning dictionary
Authors: Yu Huanan , Yu Honghao
Published: April 2020

For the characteristics of a random distribution and a large number of buses in the power system, the authors introduce distributed compressed sensing to compress and reconstruct the power quality data. They built a distributed IEEE14 bus system in PSCAD. This model was used to analyse the correlation and sparsity of power quality data and to obtain the four types of data that should be used in the latter simulation, the power quality data used in this study are the voltage amplitude of each bus in a power system. To make the signal sparser, they constructed a distributed compressed sensing learning dictionary for power quality data. The simulation results show that the performance of the distributed compressed sensing learning dictionary constructed in this study is more suitable for power quality data. The application of distributed compressed sensing in a power system can ensure the accuracy of reconstructed data when the quantity of data is reduced by 1/3, which greatly reduces the system storage space. Additionally, the speed of reconstruction also increases by 3/5.
Analysis and comparison of performance of permanent magnet servo motors after stator shifting combination
Authors: Li Hui , Liang Jianwei , Zhang Junming
Published: April 2020

The undesired harmonics in the stator magnetomotive force (MMF) of the permanent magnet servo motor (PMSM) have a lot of adverse effects on the operation performance of the motor. The stator shifting combination is a powerful means to weaken or even eliminate the undesired harmonics in the stator MMF. By using the stator shifting combination, the common 9‐slot–8‐pole, 12‐slot–10‐pole and 15‐slot–10‐pole combination schemes are transformed, and the 18‐slot–8‐pole, 24‐slot–10‐pole and 30‐slot–10‐pole combination schemes are obtained. With the three new schemes, three PMSMs are designed under the same working condition, and their electromagnetic performance, temperature field and NVH are analysed and compared by multi‐physical field finite element analysis. Among the three motors, the harmonic content of back electromotive force, torque ripple and cogging torque amplitude of the 24‐slot–10‐pole motor is the lowest, the loss and flux‐weakening performance are between the other two motors. What's more, it has low radial electromagnetic force harmonic content, and the sound pressure level of electromagnetic noise is moderate. Taken together, the 24‐slot–10‐pole scheme is more reasonable for PMSM.
Simulation study on squeeze film air damping
Authors: Tian Xiang , Sheng Wei , Tian Feifei , Lu Yang , Wang Longyun
Published: April 2020

The theory on squeeze film air damping, including Reynolds equation and Poisson equation, has been widely used in theoretical modelling of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) for many years, but most of the previous studies did not take into account special verification of the theory from numerical simulation. In this Letter, a simulation method is proposed and investigated, and squeeze film air damping is simulated on two basic MEMS structures, the rectangular plate structure, and the circular plate structure. The simulation results are in good agreement with theoretical analysis, and it further proves the correctness of the theory on squeeze film air damping from the point of view of numerical simulation. In addition, the perforated plate is widely used in MEMS, and squeeze film air damping of the perforated plate is also simulated in this Letter. It is concluded that simulation results are better than theoretical analysis, in which the boundary effect of the plate was not considered. Therefore, it is anticipated that the authors simulated method will pave the way to analyse squeeze film air damping for some complex MEMS structures, including the acquisition of air pressure distribution, air damping force and damping coefficient.
Influence of nitrogen flow ratio on the optical property of AlN deposited by DC magnetron sputtering on Si (100) substrate
Authors: Han Jun , Cui Boyao , Xing Yanhui , Li Tao , Zhao Jiahao , Cao Xu , Zhang Yao , Zhang Baoshun
Published: April 2020

Aluminum nitride (AlN) films were deposited on Si (100) substrate at room temperature in different N2 flow ratios (N2/(N2 + Ar)) by direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering. AlN films were prepared with the N2 flow ratios from 20 to 50%. The intensity of X‐ray diffraction peak on (002) plane enhanced with the increase of N2 flow ratio. When the flow ratio of N2 was 50%, the AlN film tended to be the most preferred orientation of (002) plane with the value of full width half maximum being 0.34°. Optical property was studied by ellipsometer and the refractive index of the samples was between 1.92 and 2.05. According to the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the density of Al–N bonds went up gradually and the tensile stress had a rising trend with the increasing N2 flow ratio. In short, this work is helpful for the growth of AlN buffer layer deposited on Si (100) substrate.
A new series of moduli components of rank-2 semistable sheaves on

with singularities of mixed dimension
Authors: Ivanov A. N.
Published: April 2020

We construct a new infinite series of irreducible components of the Gieseker-Maruyama moduli scheme

,

, of semistable rank-2 sheaves on

with Chern classes

,

and

, whose general points are sheaves with singularities of mixed dimension. These sheaves are constructed by elementary transformations of stable and properly

-semistable reflexive sheaves along disjoint unions of collections of points and smooth irreducible curves which are rational or complete intersection curves in

. As a special member of this series, we obtain a new component of

.

Bibliography: 12 titles.