bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE: METHODOLOGICAL ASPECT OF THE PROBLEM
Authors: Кудрина Валентина Григорьевна , Барышева Валерия Олеговна , Долгушева Юлия Александровна
Published: July 2023

Искусственный интеллект (ИИ) является ведущим направлением развития здравоохранения. Акцент делается на технологической стороне проблемы. Несколько в стороне остаётся методологический аспект. Вместе с тем, работа с данными, включая их «разметку», относится к основным стратегическим задачам ИИ. Формируется методология «разметки» и делается выбор её реализации в виде Тезауруса по проблеме полифармакотерапии и ее рисков.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the leading direction of healthcare development. The emphasis is on the technological side of the problem. The methodological aspect remains aside. At the same time, working with data, including its "markup", refers to the main strategic strategic tasks of AI. The methodology of "markup" is formed and a choice is made of its implementation in the form of a Thesaurus on the problem of polypharmacotherapy and its risks.
SUPPLY CHAIN RISK AND UNCERTAINTY IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE ON THE EXAMPLE PROJECT «NEW SILK ROAD»
Authors: Михайлюк Михаил Владимирович , Лю Дан
Published: July 2023

В статье рассматриваются проблемы и актуальные вопросы риск-ориентированного управления цепями поставок в системе глобального товарного обмена, важным элементом текущей и будущей конфигурации которой становится «Новый шелковый путь», который опирается на наземные маршруты, два из которых проходят через территорию России.

The article deals with the problems and topical issues of risk-based supply chain management in the global commodity exchange system, an important element of the current and future configuration of which is the New Silk Road, which relies on land routes, two of which pass through the territory of Russia.
RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS OF CRIMINAL LIABILITY FOR CRIMES IN THE FIELD OF COMPUTER INFORMATION IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES
Authors: Зайцева Серафима Евгеньевна , Сосновская Светлана Романовна
Published: July 2023

В статье исследуются вопросы определения понятия объекта уголовно-правовой охраны и предмета преступных посягательств в сфере компьютерной информации. Дан анализ преступлений в сфере компьютерной информации и их общая характеристика.

The article examines the issues of defining the concept of the object of criminal law protection and the subject of criminal encroachments in the field of computer information. The analysis of crimes in the field of computer information and their general characteristics is given.
ON THE QUESTION OF THE PEDAGOGICAL IMPORTANCE OF THE USE OF OUTDOOR GAMES
Authors: Зароднюк Галина Владимировна , Бобров Илья Валерьевич
Published: July 2023

Здоровый образ жизни - это не только образ жизни, направленный на сохранение здоровья, профилактику болезней и укрепление человеческого организма в целом, отказ от вредных привычек и занятие физическими упражнениями, это еще способ повысить свой биологический потенциал жизнедеятельности. А высокий профессионализм и личные качества преподавателя физической культуры при условии оптимально-комфортного взаимодействия их со студентами помогут формированию этой жизненно важной и необходимой привычки.

A healthy lifestyle is not only a lifestyle aimed at preserving health, preventing diseases and strengthening the human body as a whole, giving up bad habits and exercising, it is also a way to increase your biological potential of vital activity. And the high professionalism and personal qualities of a physical education teacher, provided that they interact optimally and comfortably with students, will help form this vital and necessary habit.
PROTECTION OF CITIZENS IN THE FIELD OF CYBERCRIME
Authors: Карабин Иван Денисович , Анискович Полина Сергеевна , Тимощук Кирилл Игоревич
Published: July 2023

Статья посвящена киберпреступности в условиях цифровизации российской экономики и общественной жизни. Основываясь на статистических данных и научной литературе, авторы анализируют результаты деятельности правоохранительных органов России по выявлении киберпреступности, а также формулируют методы борьбы с киберпреступностью.

The article is devoted to cybercrime in the conditions of digitalization of the Russian economy and public life. Based on statistical data and scientific literature, the authors analyze the results of the activities of Russian law enforcement agencies in detecting cybercrime, as well as formulate methods to combat cybercrime.
MODERN BLOOD-SAVING TECHNIQUES IN LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY FOR LIVER ECHINOCOCCOSIS
Authors: Краснов Аркадий Олегович
Published: July 2023

В статье представлены и проанализированы результаты лечения пациентов, оперированных по поводу эхинококкоза печени лапароскопическим методом с применением современных кровесберегающих методик.

The article presents and analyzes the results of treatment of patients operated on for liver echinococcosis by the laparoscopic method using modern blood-saving techniques.
РАЗВИТИЕ ПРЕДМЕТНО-ПРАКТИЧЕСКИХ ДЕЙСТВИЙ У ДОШКОЛЬНИКОВ С ЗАДЕРЖКОЙ ПСИХИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ
Authors: Винтер Г.А.
Published: July 2023

В статье представлена классификация детей с задержкой психического развития по К.С. Лебединской. Рассматривается особенность отставания по всем областям развития у детей с задержкой психического внимания. Обоснована необходимость коррекции и развития предметно практических действий дошкольника. Представлены рекомендуемые формы работы по развитию ППД, направленные на коррекцию общего развития дошкольника
ВЛИЯНИЕ ИМПУЛЬСНОГО МАГНИТНОГО ПОЛЯ НА ВОДОПОГЛОЩЕНИЕ СЕМЯН СОИ КУЛЬТУРНОЙ (GLYCINE MAX)
Authors: Захаров Ю.Б. , Перов Ю.М. , Захаров Л.М. , Шилов В.П.
Published: July 2023

авторы обобщают принципы влияния импульсной магнитной обработки на растения, а также выдвигают зависимость эффективности воздействия импульсным магнитным полем на растения от его частотно-силовых характеристик. Также авторами положен метод и концепция исследования частотно-силовых характеристик наиболее эффективного режима воздействия с целью последующего широкого применения в различных областях сельского хозяйства, промышленности, медико-биологической практике и др.
ВЫГОРАНИЕ КАК ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ ФЕНОМЕН
Authors: Маулина Р.Д.
Published: July 2023

В статье определено понятие «выгорания» и описаны основные подходы к исследованию выгорания в психологии. Представлено описание структурных компонентов синдрома выгорания и описаны его стадии. Показано, что несмотря на множество теорий, на сегодняшний день нет единого определения выгорания и нет четкого представления о закономерностях возникновения и развития этого явления.
ОСНОВНЫЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ПОДРАЗДЕЛЕНИЙ ЭБИПК МВД РОССИИ В ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИИ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ ГОСУДАРСТВА
Authors: Рудев А.В.
Published: July 2023

В современной России и по всему миру экономика становится приоритетной областью для совершения преступлений и незаконного обогащения. Экономические правонарушения проникают во все сферы хозяйственных отношений, нанося значительный ущерб. Подразделения экономической безопасности и противодействия коррупции МВД России имеют важное значение в обеспечении экономической безопасности государства.
ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ПОПУЛЯЦИИ И КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИСХОДЫ ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ИНИЦИИРОВАННОЙ ВЕНО-ВЕНОЗНОЙ И ВЕНО-АРТЕРИАЛЬНОЙ ЭКМО ПРИ ТЯЖЕЛЕЙ COVID-19 АССОЦИИРОВАННОЙ ПНЕВМОНИИ В УСЛОВИЯХ ОРИТ
Authors: Ионов С.Н. , Кипиани А.Г. , Жидков А.В. , Шилин М.М.
Published: July 2023

Данная статья представляет собой анализ и обобщение данных о пациентах с тяжелой COVID-19 ассоциированной пневмонией при наличии у исследуемой группы хронических заболеваний, а также с учетом возраста, пола, признаков ожирения. Всем пациентам проводилась инициированная вена-венозная и вена-артериальная экстракорпоральная мембранная оксигенация -ЭКМО.
ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ПЕЙЗАЖНОЙ ЛИРИКИ В ОБУЧЕНИИ ДЕТЕЙ СТАРШЕГО ДОШКОЛЬНОГО ВОЗРАСТА СЮЖЕТНОЙ АППЛИКАЦИИ
Authors: Чебодаева П.С. , Золотухина И.П.
Published: July 2023

в статье раскрывается сущность проблемы обучения сюжетной аппликации у детей дошкольного возраста. Рассматривается влияние пейзажной лирики на эмоции и чувства ребенка, способствует появлению и проявлению эмоционального отношения к объектам и явлениям природы. В эксперименте участвовали дети старшего дошкольного возраста Анализ результатов показал эффективность использования пейзажной лирики в обучении сюжетной аппликации
ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ ИНТЕРЕСЫ РОССИИ И РИСКИ В РАЗВИТИИ ФИНАНСОВО-ХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ С КНР В ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКОЙ СФЕРЕ
Authors: Митроусова Е.О.
Published: July 2023

существующие отношения между Россией и Китаем создают почву для развития сотрудничества в поддержании экономического благополучия и энергетической безопасности. Геополитический фактор делает Китай одним из главных потенциальных рынков сбыта для России, однако доступные внутри КНР ресурсы снижают ее потребность во внешних энергоносителях, при этом повышая его важность как поставщика технологий.
ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ КАДРОВОГО РЕЗЕРВА ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ НЕЧЕТКОЙ ЛОГИКИ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ГБУ РК «ЦСЗН Г. СОСНОГОРСКА»)
Authors: Белобородова Н.А. , Никулина Е.И.
Published: July 2023

В статье представлены результаты исследования по проблеме интеллектуализации управления организацией. Разработаны методы формирования кадрового резерва с использованием методов искусственного интеллекта.
ВНЕДРЕНИЕ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СЭД «DIRECTUM RX 4.3» (НА ПРИМЕРЕ СОСНОГОРСКОГО ЛПУМГ ООО «ГАЗПРОМ ТРАНСГАЗ УХТА»)
Authors: Белобородова Н.А. , Чупрова Н.В.
Published: July 2023

В статье рассматриваются результаты исследования по технологии внедрения интеллектуальных систем электронного документооборота.
TRADITIONAL THEATER DESIGN IN BANGLADESH FROM AN INCLUSIVE DESIGN PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Рана МД.М. , Казакова Н.Ю.
Published: July 2023

Inclusive design is an approach to designing products, services, and environments that considers the needs and preferences of diverse users, including those with disabilities or marginalized identities. It involves involving а range of users in the design process, providing flexiЬility and choice, and improving usaЬility. This article focuses on the Traditional theatre design in Bangladesh from the lens of Incl usive design.
ВСТРЕЧАЕМОСТЬ ГЕМОФИЛЬНЫХ БАКТЕРИЙ ПРИ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯХ ВЕРХНИХ ДЫХАТЕЛЬНЫХ ПУТЕЙ
Authors: Нурузова З.А.
Published: July 2023

В статье обсуждается роль Haemophilus injluenzae в патологии дыхательной системы у детей. Особое внимание уделено другим возбудителям болезней органов дыхания, встречающихся одновременно с гемофильными бактериями, при бактериологическом анализе мокроты больных детей, частоте их выделяемости и лекарственной чувствительности.
А STUDY ON UNIQUE DESIGN ASPECTS OF TRADITIONAL BANGLADESHI THEATRICAL PERFORМANCE "JATRA"
Authors: Рана МД.М. , Казакова Н.Ю.
Published: July 2023

The south Asian largely populated not so big country Bangladesh has been an origin space of many traditional cultural artistic and aesthetic performances. Since the history of the indigenous performances in this land has been running from thousands of years but most of them has been vanished completely in the flow of modem social changes. But some indigenous theatrical performances managed to exist Ьу adopting the changes and still holding the mass popularity and relevance of its existence. J atra is one of the significant among all.
МОСТЫ РИМСКОЙ ИМПЕРИИ
Authors: Брезгин В.П. , Шарипов А.М. , Пискунов А.А.
Published: July 2023

В статье рассматриваются мосты Римской империи, показываются его арки и то, как они влияют на композицию моста в частности и окружающей среды в целом.
ИНТЕРПРЕТАЦИЯ ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКИ ЗНАЧИМОГО ТЕКСТА КАК СПОСОБ ПРИОБРЕТЕНИЯ СТАРШЕКЛАССНИКАМИ КОНТЕКСТНЫХ НАВЫКОВ
Authors: Щербакова О.А.
Published: July 2023

В статье поставлена проблема формирования у обучающихся важнейшего из контекстных навыков - адекватного восприятия содержания текстов различной стилевой и типологической принадлежности и раскрытия их глубинных смыслов на основе интерпретационного подхода и при содействии учителей-наставников, овладевших приемами декодирования текста.
К ВОПРОСУ О ПОНЯТИИ «ИНТЕРПРЕТАЦИЯ» В МЕТОДИКЕ ПРЕПОДАВАНИЯ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ
Authors: Зайцева Т.А.
Published: July 2023

в данной статье автор анализирует историю возникновения термина интерпретация в современной методике преподавания литературы.
Frequency of High Titre Anti-A and Anti-B Antibodies in
Blood Group O Blood Donors
Authors: Hajira Khurshid, Sehar Khaliq, Lubna Zafar, Attika Khalid
Published: July 2023

Introduction:At the end of December 2019, the novel coronavirus began to spread in central China and soon became a pandemic.

Unfortunately,all elective dental treatments including orthodontic visits were postponed and patients could not be counselled on how to

manage orthodontic emergencies that they could encounter at home. Teledentistry can play a major role in providing instructionsto patients during

quarantine.

Objective:The study aimedto assess the awareness of orthodontic patients regarding the management of orthodontic emergencies

and their psychosocial well-being during the novel coronavirus pandemic through Tele-dentistry.

Materials and Methods:A questionnaire-based study

was conducted on two groups during the lockdown period in which their anxiety, psychological status,and their ability to manage orthodontic emergencies

at home during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown wereassessed through teledentistry.

Results:A total of 170 patients participated in our study, Independent

sample t-test was used to compare the means ofthe group's control and experimental. Statistically,a significant difference was determined between the two

groups regarding their psychosocial well-being (social media embarrassment p=0.049, awareness ofhow to manage orthodontic emergencies p=0.00).

The participants displayed a better understanding of how to deal with orthodontic emergencies at home after having instructions. 48.2% of the

patients selected voice call as a preferred mode of instruction for managing orthodontic emergencies at home.

Conclusion:Experimental group of patients

wasmore aware ofhow to manage orthodontic emergencies and they were less anxious. Teledentistry has proven to be an important tool for providing

instructions to anxious patients as well as reducing the spread of coronavirus due to lack of contact. Voice call was the preferred mode of instruction.

Keywords:Anxiety, COVID-19, Orthodontic emergencies, Tele-dentistry.
Transfusion Related transmission of infections among blood donors of South Punjab
Authors: Samiullah  , Rasheed Ammara , Saleem Umera , Ijaz Amrat
Published: July 2023

Objective: To investigate the frequency of blood transmissible infections in the region of South Punjab.
Study design: Descriptive cross-sectional
Place and duration: Study was carried out from February 2019 to February 2021 over a period of 2 years at—removed for blind review--.
Methodology: All voluntary and replacement donors who arrived at the hospital between the included time period were considered for the analysis. Total two blood samples were taken from each blood donor. For blood grouping and malarial parasite screening, Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) sample was collected. Clotted sample was used for screening of Anti-HCV, HBsAg, HIV and syphilis and analyzed by ELISA.
Results: Our study showed cumulative frequency of 0.8 %, 0.5% and 1% for hepatitis B, syphilis and C virus respectively, and only one case of HIV and malarial parasite observed during screening for blood transfusion among blood donors.
Conclusion: Increasing transmission prevalence of hepatitis as well as syphilis in our region.
Keywords: blood transfusion, infection, HBsAG, HCV.
Comparison of pain observed with sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine based root canal irrigant 24 hours post appointment
Authors: Amjad Sadaf , Afreen Zarah , Afreen Ammarah , Shuja Eruj , Rasheed Hassan , Rashid Sundus
Published: July 2023

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and 2% chlorhexidine, in reduction of frequency in pain 24 hours after endodontic treatment of teeth with chronic apical periodontitis
Study design and Setting: Randomized Clinical Trial conducted –removed for blind review--from July 2018 to December 2018.
Methodology: A total of 60 patients requiring management of chronic apical periodontitis and pulp necrosis were randomly allocated by lottery method to two groups of 30 each according to the irrigating solution employed: Group A (2.5% sodium hypochlorite) or Group B (2% chlorhexidine gluconate). To assess inter-appointment pain, a questionnaire with visual analogue scale was filled out by the patient at 24 hours after the procedure. The Chi-square test was used to compare the effectiveness between the two irrigation solutions. 
Results: Group A (2.5% sodium hypochlorite) was effective in 83.3% cases i.e. no or mild pain compared to 76.7% in group B (2% chlorhexidine). In group A, 5(16.7%) patients suffered pain compared to 7(23.3%) in group B. This difference in pain was statistically insignificant. (p-value 0.519).
Conclusion: Both 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and 2% chlorhexidine were equally effective in minimizing pain 24 hours post endodontic treatment.
Keywords: Chlorhexidine gluconate, Sodium hypochlorite, Flare up
Confusion is the first step towards understanding: Fixing the problems of E-learning in COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Rehan Madeeha , Khalid Attika , Shaheen Neelofar , Rehman Humaira , Nasreen Fariha
Published: July 2023

Background:
The COVID-19 pandemic forced institutions worldwide to adopt online learning, which opened a new era of challenges. Our research was designed to explore the effect of the pandemic on teaching and learning and identify the solutions to the problems based on participants’ perspectives.
Methods:
A qualitative study of the phenomenological design was conducted at a medical institute in Pakistan. The participants were selected using the purposive sampling technique. Semi-structured interviews were done which were later audio-recorded, transcribed, and subjected to manual thematic analysis. Credibility was ensured by using multiple data collection sources.
Results:
The 20 participants selected as interviewees were faculty with more than 5 years teaching experience in the medical institute and had gone through online teaching and learning during COVID-19 pandemic.  The thematic analyses of the data generated six themes which were: 1. “I see what you mean”; Re-exploration of educational psychology, 2. Reorganization of curriculum, 3. Mentoring and coaching, 4. Technology: as ubiquities as oxygen, 5. Constructive feedback: a stimulus in pearl formation and 6. Turn the tables: fixing the problem.
Conclusion:
Online education has emerged as an important mechanism in delivering medical education to undergraduate medical students. Instead of shying away, efforts are needed to restructure the curricula, incorporating various online innovative teaching, and learning tools that are at par with the changing global demands of medical education.
Keywords:
E-learning, COVID-19, Challenges
Prognosis of Severe Covid-19 patients after treatment with Therapeutic Plasma Exchange (TPE)
Authors: Khalid Maliha , Feroze Faheem , Qamar Saad Bin , Abbas Naseem , Farooq Saeed , Siddiqui Aisha
Published: July 2023

OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the effective role of plasmapheresis in the treatment of Cytokine Release Syndrome associated with severe Covid 19 pneumonia.
INTRODUCTION: Covid-19 disease is a deadly contagious disease with milder symptoms to a more severe form with acute respiratory failure, septic shock leading to even death. Literature study showed  that  in severe  Covid-19  patients, a hyper-inflammatory response  to  initial  infection could accelerate  to  severe  hyper-cytokinaemia that  could  lead to  an  underlying endothelial  dysfunction and multiple organ dysfunction. Thus, removal of these inflammatory cytokines by Therapeutic Plasma Exchange is considered to be an essential part of the treatment of critically ill patients in order to improve their survival rates.
METHODOLOGY:  Retrospective observational study which included 150 RT-PCR positive patients admitted in Covid ITC, from the time period of 1st February 2021 to 31st July 2021 –removed for blind review---Data was analyzed using SPSS software version 16. Frequencies were calculated along with mean and standard deviation. Chi square and ANOVA test was applied to the data. P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Linear regression study was applied to predict the prognosis.
RESULTS: Out of 150 patients, 51 patients (34%) were of severe ARDS category of whom 13 (25.5%) developed Cytokine Release Syndrome. They received plasmapheresis therapy subsequently and 7 out of those 13 (53.8%) patients got improved. P- value was found to be significant ( <0.05). Overall, the mortality rate was low with 120/150 (80%) getting discharged successfully.
CONCLUSION:  Our findings suggest that Therapeutic plasma exchange is beneficial in Cytokine storm caused by SARS-CoV2 removing the inflammatory cytokines and improving symptoms, thereby, avoiding intubation.
KEY WORDS: , Therapeutic plasma exchange, Hypercytokinaemia, Cytokine Release Syndrome
Effect of Oral intake of Stevia Leaf Powder on Body Weight – An Experimental study
Authors: Faruqi Amna , Subuctageen Sikander , Mughal Irfan Afzal , Parveen Shahida , Zafar Tooba , Irfan Asma
Published: July 2023

Introduction:

The steviol glycosides are found  in the stevia leaf. These glycosides possess sweetening properties as well as they have antioxidant, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, antihyperglycemic, and anti-hypertensive effects. This study was conducted to  find out the effect of Stevia leaf on body weight in obese Sprague Dawley male rats.

Materials and Methods:

This experimental study was carried out on 90 Sprague Dawley male rats. Group1(normal control) was given a standard diet for the entire study period, while the remaining sixty rats were given a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks to induce obesity. The obese rats were randomly assigned to group 2 (Obese Control) and Group 3 (obese + Stevia) and given HFD for another 6 weeks. The stevia leaf powder was added to the diet of group 3. Diet intake was noted for all the groups. Rats were weighed on the first day of every week, for six weeks, and then at the end of the study period. 

 

 

Results:

Body weights of rats in each group, at the start and end of the 6-week intervention period, when compared, showed a significant increase in group 1 (p=0.001), and group 2 (p = 0.001), while group 3 showed a non-significant increase (p = 0.248). The percentage increase in body weight for groups 1, 2, and 3 was 4.8, 9.3, and 1.1, respectively. Graphically, the weekly increase in average body weights of the three experimental groups showed maximum values for group 2.

Conclusions:

Stevia leaf possesses weight-reducing effects which may be due to inhibition of appetite, reduction in food intake, and consequent weight loss.

Keywords:

Obesity, weight loss, Natural non-nutritive sweeteners, Stevia
Maternal Serum Ferritin Levels and its effect on Cord Blood Hemoglobin in patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Ashraf Sabeen , Sadaf Maliha , Farkhanda Tallat , Yousaf Saba , Iftikhar Amna , Iftikhar Maryam
Published: July 2023

Background

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common medical complication of pregnancy that can have harmful impacts on maternal and neonatal outcomes. Literature shows that elevated serum maternal ferritin levels may cause dysregulation in glucose metabolism in GDM. This study aims to determine the association between serum ferritin, iron and hemoglobin levels in GDM patients at the time of delivery as well as cord hemoglobin and iron levels in newborns.

Methods

In this case-control study, a total of 100 patients were included i.e., 50 cases (GDM) and 50 controls (non-GDM) having aged-matched individuals of normal pregnancy. The hemoglobin, iron and serum ferritin, and hsCRP levels of the mother were determined using maternal blood. A cord blood sample was taken to determine neonatal iron and hemoglobin levels.

Results

The  study participants mean age  was 29.2 ± 5.6 years. The ferritin levels of GDM mothers (42.3 ± 6.7) were significantly higher than non-GDM patients (34.4 ± 3.8) with p<0.001. Similarly, Cord hemoglobin levels of newborns of GDM mothers were significantly higher than newborns of non-GDM patients (p<0.01). In GDM mothers, maternal ferritin levels were inversely correlated to cord hemoglobin levels (r= - 0.29, p =0.004).

Conclusions

Elevated maternal serum ferritin levels are linked to increased oxidative stress and effects fetal intrauterine and post-partum health. The placental iron transfer and fetal hemoglobin synthesis will be affected by oxidative stress.
Post Covid-19 Syndromes, The Time line of Covid
Authors: Shams Nadia , Umar Zaid , Meraj Lubna , Ayub Neelam , Waseem Muhammad , Virk Kazim Abbas
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Novel corona virus has claimed significant mortality and morbidity. Timeline of long-term complications and effects on humanity are yet to be explored. Current study aims to evaluate the spectrum of post Covid syndromes in our Covid survivors.

METHODOLOGY: This observational study was conducted at Medicine Dept. RIHS Islamabad after ethical approval. 195 recovered COVID cases were selected and followed 3 monthly over a year. Inclusion criteria: Age >12 years, both genders, Covid PCR+ve >4 weeks earlier. Exclusion criteria: Malignancies, pregnancy, recurrent Covid and that lost follow-up. Patients were evaluated for new onset generalized symptoms, respiratory, cardiovascular, neurological, hematological, gastrointestinal, dermatological and genitourinary supported by relevant investigations. Data analyzed by SPSS-22 with significant p<0.05.

RESULTS: Amongst 195 cases, 102(52.3%) males and 93(47.7%) females, mean age was 42.35+14.31 years, mean duration since Covid recovery 32+24.47 weeks. There was history of mild COVID in 89(45.6%), moderate 71(36.4%), severe 32(16.4%) and life threatening 02(01%) having significant association with increased mean age and female gender (p<0.05). ninety four (48.2%) cases had post COVID syndromes. persistent fatigue (58), fever (29), myalgia’s (27),  dyspnea (26), persistent cough (19), weight loss/gain (18), smear positive TB (2), bronchitis (7), asthma exacerbations (3) and pleural effusion (1). X-ray findings showed lung fibrosis in 12, ground glass appearance 10. Spirometry showed reduced exercise capacity in 11. Anemia in 11, leukopenia 02, thrombocytopenia 02, pancytopenia 01 case. In CVS, retrosternal chest pain in 11, orthopnea/PND 05, myocarditis/myocardial fibrosis 04, pericardial effusion 01, new onset hypertension 03, worsened hypertensive control 02, palpitations 10 and POTS 03. Regarding ENT, sinusitis in 12 and mucor-mycosis 03. Reduced GFR 05 and COVAN 01. New onset diabetes 05, worsened diabetic control 06, bone-demineralization 03 and thyroiditis 01. Persistent diarrhea 06, IBS 04, gastritis 08, esophagitis 06, GERD 11. Seven of 93 females reported menstrual irregularities. Hair loss 15, rash 07. headache in 23, anxiety 17, disturbed sleep 14, depression 09, peripheral neuropathy 03, CVA 03, amnesia and PTSD 03 each. 03 cases expired with cardiopulmonary arrest.

CONCLUSION: Post COVID syndrome observed in half of Covid survivors. The respiratory, cardiovascular, dermatological, neuropsychiatric and generalized symptoms were frequent. Authors suggest follow-up of Covid survivors. The clinical evaluation and timely management may improve quality of life and morbidity amongst survivors.

KEY WORDS:  COVID-19. Post Covid Syndromes. Long Covid syndrome. Covid complications. Persistent post-Covid syndrome (PPCS), Myocarditis. Lung Fibrosis.
Evaluation of Impact of Prescribing Safety Assessment Workshop on Medical Doctors Using Kirkpatrick Model
Authors: Jehangir Adnan , Danish Khalid Farooq , Yasmeen Rahila , Rabbani Waqas , Ayub Farhana
Published: July 2023

Background

Clinical pharmacology training is a prerequisite for all medical graduates. Prescription writing errors are not infrequent at primary health care level leading to threat to patient safety. Prescribers lacks uniform structured training and assessment which is one of the major factors for this situation across the country. In lots of institutions despite proper curriculum, learners lack interest because the subject importance is insignificant. Hence to bring more interest in pharmacology for prescribers there is a dire need for innovative and interesting methods of teaching and assessment, one of which is prescribing safety assessment (PSA).

Objectives

To assess if the PSA is superior method of training prescription writing than CPW

To evaluate the workshop on prescription writing using guidelines of Kirkpatrick Model

 

Methods

It was an experimental study. 44 medical doctors participated; a pre-test was taken 01 week before the workshop. Afterwards, they were randomized into 02 groups, group A went through PSA and group B followed conventional prescription writing (CPW) 01-day workshop. At the end, post-test was taken from both groups. The qualitative data was also collected from participants on feedback proforma consisting of few closed ended questions on Likert scale.

Results

The independent t-test was used to compare the data as it was in normal distribution. Posttest performance of PSA group significantly increased P ˂ 0.001 as compared to CPW. Reaction  to closed ended 13 questions on Likert scale showed high satisfaction from 4.32 to 4.84 on 5 points  Likert scale on workshop satisfaction.

Conclusion

PSA is an effective teaching and assessment strategy for learning clinical pharmacology. The study objectively proves its effectiveness in comparison to CPW and provides a guideline to implement this innovative and useful tool for teaching and assessment.

Keywords

Prescribing safety assessment, conventional prescription writing, Faculty development, Workshop, Impact, Kirkpatrick model.
FREQUENCY OF NEONATAL SEPSIS AMONG NEONATES PRESENTING WITH SEIZURES
Authors: Imran Abid , Rehman Sijad-Ur- , Qadir Imran , Sheikh Kainaat , Bibi Romana , Idrees Muhammad
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND: 
Neonatal seizures may be the first and sometimes the only clinical symptom of neonatal central nervous system disease. Neonatal seizures may indicate an underlying treatable cause. Therefore, the identification of neonatal seizures is important in the management of high-risk newborns. 
OBJECTIVE: 
To determine the frequency of neonatal sepsis among neonates presenting with seizures. 
Settings: Department of child health, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar. 
Duration: 6 months 13/10/2018 to 13/4/2019. 
Study Design: Descriptive (cross sectional) study. 
MATERIAL AND METHODS: 
In this study a total of 195 patients were observed. All neonates were subjected to detailed clinical examination like general physical, neurological examination and detail systemic examination and complete set of baseline investigations. From all neonates, 5cc of venous blood was obtained under strict aseptic technique and was sent to hospital laboratory for measuring the TLC, Absolute neutrophil count, CRP and platelet count to confirm the presence or absence of neonatal sepsis.  
RESULTS: 
In this study mean age was 10 days with standard deviation ±8.36. Fifty eight percent neonates were male while 42% neonates were female. More over the 42% neonates had neonatal sepsis while 58% neonates didn’t had neonatal sepsis. 
CONCLUSION: 
Our study concludes that the frequency of neonatal sepsis was 42% among neonates presenting with seizures.
A CADAVERIC STUDY OF THE BRANCHING PATTERN OF RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY IN PAKISTANI POPULATION
Authors: Waheedullah Qazi , Deeba Farah , Shaukat Sadia , Zahir Samina , Iftikhar Shazia , Rehman Zainab
Published: July 2023

Background: 
It is very common for coronary arteries to vary in their origin, course and area of distribution. The knowledge about these variations is unequivocally important for a cardiac surgeon and physician. However, the prevalence of such variations varies among different populations. The already available data on variations in the anatomy of coronary arteries is mostly based on studies conducted on the western population and quite a few studies report the coronary arterial patterns of Asian population. Between the two main coronary arteries, i.e. the right coronary artery (RCA) and left coronary arteries (LCA), variation in the branching pattern of RCA is more common than LCA. The present study investigated the branching pattern of RCA in the local population in Pakistan and hence will add to the existing data on inter- and intra-population frequencies of branching pattern of RCA among non-Europeans.  
Methods: 
It was an observational study of six months duration and conducted on dissection cadavers available in various medical colleges of Rawalpindi and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The branching pattern of RCA was studied by blunt dissection method.  
Results: 
Right marginal, conus, Sinuatrial (SA) nodal, atrioventricular (AV) nodal and posterior descending arteries (PDA) were arising from RCA in majority of cases. However, the branching pattern varied from one heart to another as reported in other studies carried out in developed countries. The frequencies of branching patterns of RCA varied from those already reported in literature. 
Conclusions:  
RCA manifest anatomical variations in branching pattern as reported in international literature and this variation is different in different populations of the world which indicates that postnatal development, along with differences based on geography and ethnicities might contribute to the modification of anatomical pattern of coronary arteries in humans.
Effect of chronic restraint stress on body weight of male Sprague Dawley rats
Authors: Moazzam Sadia , Mughal Irfan Afzal , Irfan Noor Ul Ain , Attique Ilqa , Zaheer Fareeha , Irfan Asma
Published: July 2023

Background: 
Stress disturbs body weight and food intake, but the core mechanisms are not well understood. 
 
Study design:  Experimental  
 
Materials and Methods: 
The study was conducted in  National  Institute  of  Health  (NIH),  Islamabad Sixty male Sprague Dawley rats (mean wt 250 ± 50 grams) were used and divided into 2 groups.  
Each group comprised of 30 rats.  
Group I was taken as control. Group II was exposed to chronic stress. 
Results: 
The comparison of weight gain by the different groups disclosed that there was a significant decrease in weight gain of rats exposed to the chronic stress as compared to control group.  
 
Conclusion: 
Chronic restraint stress has a detrimental effect on body weight.
Positive Findings of Blood Cultures in Febrile Children Presenting with Thalassemia Major in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Fatima Itrat , Affan Wafia , Hameed Hira , Amber Wajeeha , Saeed Sumbal , Khan Imran Mahmood
Published: July 2023

Objective: To assess status of bacterial pathogens in thalassemia major patients presenting with fever in a tertiary care hospital 
Methods: 
A retrospective descriptive study was conducted at –removed for blind review---from November, 2020 to October, 2021 in which 102 patients of thalassemia major who presented with fever and were suspicious of having septicemia were enrolled. Their demographic characteristics and pathological findings were noted in this study. Standardized approach was followed for blood withdrawal and sample collection required for performing blood cultures. The data was analyzed with SPSS version 21. 
Results: 
Females were in majority. Total 57 (56.0%) of patients had positive blood culture. The most frequent bacterial pathogen was Klebsiella pneumonia 13 (12.7%), followed by E-coli 11 (10.7%), staphylococcus aureus 7 (6.8%), pseudomonas 8 (7.8%) and streptococcus type pathogens 6 (5.8%). 
Conclusion: 
Positive culture findings were high in the thalassemia major patients who presented with fever.
Impact of caffeine and vitamin D3 on the body-weight of pregnant BALB/c mice
Authors: Khan Maimoona , Abdullah Muhammad Saad , Mushtaq Fareeha , Umbreen Faiza , Kiani Muhammad Rizwan Bashir , Shahid Ayesha
Published: July 2023

Objective:  To investigate the effect of caffeine and Vitamin D3 on the body weight of pregnant BALB/c mice. 
Design of Study:  An RCT (Randomized control trial) in the Lab. 
Place and Duration of Study:  The study was carried out at Anatomy Department, Army Medical College (AMC), Rawalpindi, in collaboration with National Institute of Health (NIH), Islamabad, from Oct 2018 to Oct 2019. 
Material and Methods:  Six-week old pregnant BALB/c mice, thirty (30) in number, weighing  26-28g, were taken and divided into three groups with 10 pregnant mice in each group.  The control group G1 was given standard diet with water ad libitum for 21 days.  The animals in experimental group G2, in addition to the standard diet, were given 10mg of caffeine per 100g body-weight once a day on alternate days by oral gavage for 21 days.  Similarly, mice in group G3, in addition to the diet of group G2, were given 0.1µg of vitamin D3 per day by oral gavage for 21 days.  The body-weights on 1st day, 7th day, 14th day and 21st day of gestation in all the groups were measured to determine the influence of caffeine and vitamin D3. 
Results:  Mean body-weights of mice in control group G1 were noted as 26.8 ± 0.789g,  30.7 ± 0.949g, 36 ± 0.667g and 42 ± 1.054g on 1st, 7th, 14th and 21st day of gestation, respectively.  The mean body-weights of experimental group G2 were recorded to be 26.7 ± 0.675g, 29.9 ± 0.738g, 34.3 ± 0.823g and 39.5 ± 0.972g on 1st, 7th, 14th and 21th day of gestation, respectively.  The mean body-weights of experimental group G3 were determined as 26.8 ± 0.632g, 30.4 ± 0.699g, 34.6 ± 0.516g and 40.5 ± 0.850g on 1st, 7th, 14th and 21st day of gestation, respectively.  In comparison to the control group G1, the body-weights of animals in experimental group G2 showed more decrease in accrual of body-weight than noted in experimental group G3. 
Conclusion:  Caffeine intake has decreasing influence on the growth of body-weight in pregnant mice while intake of vitamin D3 somewhat nullifies the harmful effect of caffeine on body-weight.
Impact of E-Learning, Perception and Attitude among Students and Faculty following the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Zia Syed Hamza , Rizwan Ghina , Ehsan Afifa , Rizwan Zarnab , Masood Rabia , Umer Naila
Published: July 2023

Background and Aim: The Novel coronavirus disease has grasped the world as one of the most devastating pandemics of recent times. Many efforts such as social distancing was made to cut down the spread of the virus in its early days and restrictions were followed by numerous countries worldwide which resulted in serious hurdles in all sectors of our daily lives such as education, financial and social activities. This study was conducted to evaluate the implications of E-Learning and its future use by students and faculty members following the pandemic restrictions.
Material and Methods: The study was a cross-sectional survey that was distributed online among students and faculty members belonging to medical and non-medical programs across universities in major cities of Pakistan.
Results: Of the total 476 responses, it was evident that the majority of the students were not satisfied with the learning experience that virtual classrooms provided. Concerning clinical and practical skills, a majority agreed that the online teaching method is not an effective way to develop essential skills.
Conclusion: Online education may be a necessary technological advancement needed in the field of education, but as concluded from the results of this study there is a disagreement about virtual classrooms being an effective medium of learning. It is also inconvenient to develop appropriate practical and clinical skills using E-learning as a medium.
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE OF INFECTION CONTROL AMONG DENTAL PRACTITIONERS IN ISLAMIC INTERNATIONAL DENTAL HOSPITAL,RIPHAH
Authors: Rao Ufaq , Khan Abdul Razaq , Rizwan Zarnab , Rizwan Ghina , Zia Syed Hamza
Published: July 2023

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the knowledge, attitude and practices among  dental practitioners at a dental hospital in Islamabad. 
Materials and methods: This study consisted of 147 participants. The questionnaire had 21 questions related to vaccination status, barrier techniques infection control practices and awareness. The questionnaire was distributed through Google forms to the participants after taking consent from them. The data was analyzed and tabulated through SPSS version 23. 
Result: Out of 147, 123 participants responded to our questionnaire. 75.6% of the participants were vaccinated against hepatitis B and 87.8% regularly wash their hands before and after dental treatment.100% of the participants wore and change gloves after each patient. In current study the senior dental practitioners had a relatively poor mean score(4.1%) in terms of knowledge, attitude and practice scores regarding infection control as compared to house officers and fresh graduates (59%). 1) 
Conclusion: The infection control knowledge, attitude and practices among  dental practitioners was better, however there is room for improvement in compliance and knowledge in the dental health care workers.  More knowledge about infection control measures should be provided to the  dental practitioners, moreover efforts are needed to improve the attitude and practice of the dental  practitioners towards infection control at Islamic International Dental Hospital, Islamabad.
Role of Dexmedetomidine by Improving Sleep Quality and Pain Control in Covid-19 Patients
Authors: Khalid Maliha , Feroze Faheem , Qamar Saad bin , Abbas Naseem , Farooq Saeed , Siddiqui Aisha
Published: July 2023

OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the effective role of Dexmedetomidine as a sedative and analgesic agent in Covid-19 patients when used in conjunction with the established treatment of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. 
INTRODUCTION: Covid-19 disease is a deadly contagious disease with milder symptoms to a more severe form with acute respiratory failure, septic shock leading to even death. Literature study shows High Flow Nasal Oxygen therapy and prolonged prone position sessions to be beneficial in the treatment of ARDS, however, to facilitate those sessions, a sedative and anxiolytic agent must be added in the treatment. Therefore, this study was conducted to document the beneficial role of dexmedetomidine as a sedative agent. 
METHODOLOGY: Retrospective observational study which included 150 PCR positive patients admitted in Covid ITC, from 1st February 2021 to 31st July 2021 residing in the premises of PAF Air Base, Mushaf, Sargodha. Data was analyzed using SPSS software.  
RESULTS: Out of 150 patients, 120 (80%) were treated with High Flow Nasal Oxygen (HFNO), Dexmedetomidine infusion (DEXME) and long periods of prone position (PP) sessions. Among these 120 patients, 88 (73.3%) were discharged while 32 (26.67%) patients died of which 7 (21.875%) died while being on HFNO therapy and 25 (78.125%) patients were intubated. DEXME infusion was found to have a positive outcome (P-value <0.005) in the treatment of moderate to severe ARDS. 
CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that DEXME infusion is beneficial in moderate to severe ARDS caused by SARS-CoV2  when given along with HFNO therapy and prolonged PP sessions, thereby, avoiding intubation.
The Role of Fathers’ Expressed Emotions in Psychopathology and Social-Emotional Competence in Adolescents
Authors: Akhtar Shammem , Mughal Fatima Ali Raza
Published: July 2023

Background: To study the role of fathers’ expressed emotions in psychopathology and social-emotional competence in adolescents.
Methods: Through observational research design a study was conducted in the district Gujrat Pakistan from July 2020 to march 2021.As the inclusion criteria of the study was to include adolescents whose age range was 12 to 19 and the only fathers included whose children were adolescents. So the purposive sampling technique was used and five hundred adolescents were selected from different colleges and schools, five hundred fathers of same adolescents   approached from the community and their working places. For this purpose Parental Expressed Emotions Scale 1 was used and to assess the psychopathology (Social anxiety) and social-emotional competence in adolescents, Social Anxiety Scale,2 and Social Emotional-Competence Scale 3 were used and data was analyzed by using SPSS-21.
Results: A total of 500 adolescents selected for study whose age range was from 12-19 years 4 and mean age of 16 years. In which 229 (46%) were boys and 271 (54%) were girls. Simple linear regression was used to see the effects of father expressed emotions in psychopathology and social-emotional competence in adolescents. Results showed significant difference in negative and positive expressed emotions of father. Father’ expressed emotions of critical comments caused 56%and hostility 64% predictor of social anxiety in adolescents. On the other hand father emotional -over involvement caused 11% warmth 37% and positive remarks 17% increase in social-emotional competence of adolescents.
Conclusion: Father expressed emotions found to be significant predictor of social anxiety and social-emotional competence in adolescents.
Frequency of Meningitis in Neonatal Sepsis
Authors: Anjum Akber , Malik Qudratullah , Nadeem Tariq , Ullah Naeem , Ikram Farooq , Hussain Murtaza
Published: July 2023

Objective: The aim of current study was to examine the frequency of meningitis in infants having late onset sepsis (LOS). Bacterial sepsis and meningitis endure to be leading causes of illness and mortality in neonates around the world, predominantly in preterm neonates. They must be discovered and cured as soon as possible to avoid death or disability.
Study Design: The Cross-Sectional method was used to conduct a study.
Duration and Place of Study: The study period was July to December 2021. Data was collected from Pak Emirates Military Hospital (PEMH) NICU Rawalpindi.
Material and Method: The study comprised a total of 110 individuals, both male and female. All of them were older than 3 days and had been hospitalized and diagnosed with late onset sepsis. A neonate was diagnosed with meningitis if his or her cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) had > 30 leukocytes/mm3 and any of these two: >200 mg/dl protein or 40 mg/dl glucose.
Results: Out of 110 infants having LOS 38 were diagnosed with meningitis in which 21(55.2%) were male and 17(44.8%) were female. Overall mean weight of neonates was 2.38±1.72. A total of 24(63.1%) having low body weight and 22(57.8%) were premature. Meningitis was found to have a significant association with low bod weight and pre-term birth (p value<0.05).
Conclusion: Meningitis was considerably high in neonates with (LOS). Low body weight and pre-term birth had significant association with meningitis having (LOS).