bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combination Therapy with Anti-PD-1, Anti-TIM-3, and Focal Radiation Results in Regression of Murine Gliomas
Authors: Kim Jennifer E. , Patel Mira A. , Mangraviti Antonella , Kim Eileen S. , Theodros Debebe , Velarde Esteban , Liu Ann , Sankey Eric W. , Tam Ada , Xu Haiying , Mathios Dimitrios , Jackson Christopher M. , Harris-Bookman Sarah , Garzon-Muvdi Tomas , Sheu Mary , Martin Allison M. , Tyler Betty M. , Tran Phuoc T. , Ye Xiaobu , Olivi Alessandro , Taube Janis M. , Burger Peter C. , Drake Charles G. , Brem Henry , Pardoll Drew M. , Lim Michael
Published: June 2016

Purpose: Checkpoint molecules like programmed death-1 (PD-1) and T-cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (TIM-3) are negative immune regulators that may be upregulated in the setting of glioblastoma multiforme. Combined PD-1 blockade and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) have been shown to improve antitumor immunity and produce long-term survivors in a murine glioma model. However, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) can express multiple checkpoints, and expression of ≥2 checkpoints corresponds to a more exhausted T-cell phenotype. We investigate TIM-3 expression in a glioma model and the antitumor efficacy of TIM-3 blockade alone and in combination with anti-PD-1 and SRS.

Experimental Design: C57BL/6 mice were implanted with murine glioma cell line GL261-luc2 and randomized into 8 treatment arms: (i) control, (ii) SRS, (iii) anti-PD-1 antibody, (iv) anti-TIM-3 antibody, (v) anti-PD-1 + SRS, (vi) anti-TIM-3 + SRS, (vii) anti-PD-1 + anti-TIM-3, and (viii) anti-PD-1 + anti-TIM-3 + SRS. Survival and immune activation were assessed.

Results: Dual therapy with anti-TIM-3 antibody + SRS or anti-TIM-3 + anti-PD-1 improved survival compared with anti-TIM-3 antibody alone. Triple therapy resulted in 100% overall survival (P < 0.05), a significant improvement compared with other arms. Long-term survivors demonstrated increased immune cell infiltration and activity and immune memory. Finally, positive staining for TIM-3 was detected in 7 of 8 human GBM samples.

Conclusions: This is the first preclinical investigation on the effects of dual PD-1 and TIM-3 blockade with radiation. We also demonstrate the presence of TIM-3 in human glioblastoma multiforme and provide preclinical evidence for a novel treatment combination that can potentially result in long-term glioma survival and constitutes a novel immunotherapeutic strategy for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme. Clin Cancer Res; 23(1); 124–36. ©2016 AACR.
Immunomodulatory Effect of Vitamin D after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation: Results of a Prospective Multicenter Clinical Trial
Authors: Caballero-Velázquez Teresa , Montero Isabel , Sánchez-Guijo Fermín , Parody Rocío , Saldaña Raquel , Valcarcel David , López-Godino Oriana , Ferra i Coll Christelle , Cuesta Marian , Carrillo-Vico Antonio , Sánchez-Abarca Luis I. , López-Corral Lucía , Márquez-Malaver Francisco J. , Pérez-Simón José A.
Published: June 2016

Purpose: We describe the results of a prospective multicenter phase I/II trial evaluating the impact of the use of vitamin D (VitD) from day −5 to +100 on the outcome of patients undergoing allogeneic transplantation (EudraCT: 2010-023279-25; ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02600988).

Experimental Design: A total of 150 patients were included in three consecutive cohorts of 50 patients each group: control group (CG, not receive VitD); low-dose group (LdD, received 1,000 IU VitD daily); and high-dose group (HdD, 5,000 IU VitD daily). We measured levels of VitD, cytokines, and immune subpopulations after transplantation.

Results: No significant differences were observed in terms of cumulative incidence of overall and grades 2–4 acute GVHD in terms of relapse, nonrelapse mortality, and overall survival. However, a significantly lower cumulative incidence of both overall and moderate plus severe chronic GVHD (cGVHD) at 1 year was observed in LdD (37.5% and 19.5%, respectively) and HdD (42.4% and 27%, respectively) as compared with CG (67.5% and 44.7%, respectively; P < 0.05). In multivariable analysis, treatment with VitD significantly decreased the risk of both overall (for LdD: HR = 0.31, P = 0.002; for HdD: HR = 0.36, P = 0.006) and moderate plus severe cGVHD (for LdD: HR = 0.22, P = 0.001; for HdD: HR = 0.33, P = 0.01). VitD modified the immune response, decreasing the number of B cells and naïve CD8 T cells, with a lower expression of CD40L.

Conclusions: This is the first prospective trial that analyzes the effect of VitD postransplant. We observed a significantly lower incidence of cGVHD among patients receiving VitD. Interestingly, VitD modified the immune response after allo-SCT. Clin Cancer Res; 22(23); 5673–81. ©2016 AACR.
HER3 Targeting Sensitizes HNSCC to Cetuximab by Reducing HER3 Activity and HER2/HER3 Dimerization: Evidence from Cell Line and Patient-Derived Xenograft Models
Authors: Wang Dongsheng , Qian Guoqing , Zhang Hongzheng , Magliocca Kelly R. , Nannapaneni Sreenivas , Amin A.R.M. Ruhul , Rossi Michael , Patel Mihir , El-Deiry Mark , Wadsworth J. Trad , Chen Zhengjia , Khuri Fadlo R. , Shin Dong M. , Saba Nabil F. , Chen Zhuo G.
Published: June 2016

Purpose: Our previous work suggested that HER3 inhibition sensitizes head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) to EGFR inhibition with cetuximab. This study aimed to define the role of HER3 in cetuximab resistance and the antitumor mechanisms of EGFR/HER3 dual targeting in HNSCC.

Experimental Design: We treated cetuximab-resistant HNSCC UMSCC1-C and parental UMSCC1-P cell lines with anti-EGFR antibody cetuximab, anti-HER3 antibody MM-121, and their combination. We assessed activities of HER2, HER3, and downstream signaling pathways by Western blotting and cell growth by sulforhodamine B (SRB) and colony formation assays. HER3-specific shRNA was used to confirm the role of HER3 in cetuximab response. The combined efficacy and alterations in biomarkers were evaluated in UMSCC1-C xenograft and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models.

Results: Cetuximab treatment induced HER3 activation and HER2/HER3 dimerization in HNSCC cell lines. Combined treatment with cetuximab and MM-121 blocked EGFR and HER3 activities and inhibited the PI3K/AKT and ERK signaling pathways and HNSCC cell growth more effectively than each antibody alone. HER3 knockdown reduced HER2 activation and resensitized cells to cetuximab. Cetuximab-resistant xenografts and PDX models revealed greater efficacy of dual EGFR and HER3 inhibition compared with single antibodies. In PDX tissue samples, cetuximab induced HER3 expression and MM-121 reduced AKT activity.

Conclusions: Clinically relevant PDX models demonstrate that dual targeting of EGFR and HER3 is superior to EGFR targeting alone in HNSCC. Our study illustrates the upregulation of HER3 by cetuximab as one mechanism underlying resistance to EGFR inhibition in HNSCC, supporting further clinical investigations using multiple targeting strategies in patients who have failed cetuximab-based therapy. Clin Cancer Res; 23(3); 677–86. ©2016 AACR.
Bone Marrow Microenvironment Niche Regulates miR-221/222 in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Moses Blake S. , Evans Rebecca , Slone William L. , Piktel Debbie , Martinez Ivan , Craig Michael D. , Gibson Laura F.
Published: June 2016

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has many features in common with normal B-cell progenitors, including their ability to respond to diverse signals from the bone marrow microenvironment (BMM) resulting in regulation of cell-cycle progression and survival. Bone marrow–derived cues influence many elements of both steady state hematopoiesis and hematopoietic tumor cell phenotypes through modulation of gene expression. miRNAs are one regulatory class of small noncoding RNAs that have been shown to be increasingly important in diverse settings of malignancy. In the current study, miRNA profiles were globally altered in ALL cells following exposure to primary human bone marrow niche cells, including bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) and primary human osteoblasts (HOB). Specifically, mature miR-221 and miR-222 transcripts were decreased in ALL cells cocultured with BMSC or HOB, coincident with increased p27 (CDKN1B), a previously validated target. Increased p27 protein in ALL cells exposed to BMSC or HOB is consistent with accumulation of tumor cells in the G0 phase of the cell cycle and resistance to chemotherapy-induced death. Overexpression of miR-221 in ALL cells during BMSC or HOB coculture prompted cell-cycle progression and sensitization of ALL cells to cytotoxic agents, blunting the protective influence of the BMM. These novel observations indicate that BMM regulation of miR-221/222 contributes to marrow niche-supported tumor cell quiescence and survival of residual cells.

Implications: Niche-influenced miR-221/222 may define a novel therapeutic target in ALL to be combined with existing cytotoxic agents to more effectively eradicate refractory disease that contributes to relapse. Mol Cancer Res; 14(10); 909–19. ©2016 AACR.
HDAC6 Deacetylates HMGN2 to Regulate Stat5a Activity and Breast Cancer Growth
Authors: Medler Terry R. , Craig Justin M. , Fiorillo Alyson A. , Feeney Yvonne B. , Harrell J. Chuck , Clevenger Charles V.
Published: June 2016

Stat5a is a transcription factor utilized by several cytokine/hormone receptor signaling pathways that promotes transcription of genes associated with proliferation, differentiation, and survival of cancer cells. However, there are currently no clinically approved therapies that directly target Stat5a, despite ample evidence that it contributes to breast cancer pathogenesis. Here, deacetylation of the Stat5a coactivator and chromatin-remodeling protein HMGN2 on lysine residue K2 by HDAC6 promotes Stat5a-mediated transcription and breast cancer growth. HDAC6 inhibition both in vitro and in vivo enhances HMGN2 acetylation with a concomitant reduction in Stat5a-mediated signaling, resulting in an inhibition of breast cancer growth. Furthermore, HMGN2 is highly acetylated at K2 in normal human breast tissue, but is deacetylated in primary breast tumors and lymph node metastases, suggesting that targeting HMGN2 deacetylation is a viable treatment for breast cancer. Together, these results reveal a novel mechanism by which HDAC6 activity promotes the transcription of Stat5a target genes and demonstrate utility of HDAC6 inhibition for breast cancer therapy.

Implications: HMGN2 deacetylation enhances Stat5a transcriptional activity, thereby regulating prolactin-induced gene transcription and breast cancer growth. Mol Cancer Res; 14(10); 994–1008. ©2016 AACR.
Augmented HR Repair Mediates Acquired Temozolomide Resistance in Glioblastoma
Authors: Gil del Alcazar Carlos Rodrigo , Todorova Pavlina Krasimirova , Habib Amyn A. , Mukherjee Bipasha , Burma Sandeep
Published: June 2016

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults and is universally fatal. The DNA alkylating agent temozolomide is part of the standard-of-care for GBM. However, these tumors eventually develop therapy-driven resistance and inevitably recur. While loss of mismatch repair (MMR) and re-expression of MGMT have been shown to underlie chemoresistance in a fraction of GBMs, resistance mechanisms operating in the remaining GBMs are not well understood. To better understand the molecular basis for therapy-driven temozolomide resistance, mice bearing orthotopic GBM xenografts were subjected to protracted temozolomide treatment, and cell lines were generated from the primary (untreated) and recurrent (temozolomide-treated) tumors. As expected, the cells derived from primary tumors were sensitive to temozolomide, whereas the cells from the recurrent tumors were significantly resistant to the drug. Importantly, the acquired resistance to temozolomide in the recurrent lines was not driven by re-expression of MGMT or loss of MMR but was due to accelerated repair of temozolomide-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSB). Temozolomide induces DNA replication–associated DSBs that are primarily repaired by the homologous recombination (HR) pathway. Augmented HR appears to underpin temozolomide resistance in the recurrent lines, as these cells were cross-resistant to other agents that induced replication-associated DSBs, exhibited faster resolution of damage-induced Rad51 foci, and displayed higher levels of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE). Furthermore, in light of recent studies demonstrating that CDK1 and CDK2 promote HR, it was found that CDK1/2 inhibitors countered the heightened HR in recurrent tumors and sensitized these therapy-resistant tumor cells to temozolomide.

Implications: Augmented HR repair is a novel mechanism underlying acquired temozolomide resistance in GBM, and this raises the possibility of improving the therapeutic response to temozolomide by targeting HR with small-molecule inhibitors of CDK1/2. Mol Cancer Res; 14(10); 928–40. ©2016 AACR.
Implications of Untreated Cleft Palate in the Developing World: Adaptation of an Outcome Measure
Authors: Rees Joanna , Muskett Tom , Enderby Pamela , Stackhouse Joy
Published: June 2016

Objectives: To identify the implications of living with untreated cleft palate and develop an outcome measure which reflects the broad impact of surgery but is sensitive to the physical impact, speech changes, and psychosocial implications of late intervention. Design, Participants, Setting: Focus groups and individual interviews were used to gather information on the implications of living with untreated cleft palate and the impact of subsequent surgery. Participants included 11 individuals attending a cleft department in India whose cleft had persisted into adolescence or adulthood, as well as 16 of their family members. The findings were used to assess whether the Therapy Outcome Measure (TOM) could capture the implications of untreated cleft palate and the impact of surgery beyond that of speech alone. Results: The findings indicated that the implications of living with untreated cleft palate revolved around difficulties with communication, reduced autonomy, and nasal regurgitation. These issues are encapsulated within the third and fourth domains of the TOM, but there is a need for an adapted version (TOM-clp) to use in the developing world, incorporating areas specific to cleft palate. Conclusion: The TOM has potential as a global tool for measuring the broad impact, including the psychosocial benefit, from attending to untreated cleft palate.
The Effect of Age and Type of Noise on Speech Perception under Conditions of Changing Context and Noise Levels
Authors: Taitelbaum-Swead Riki , Fostick Leah
Published: June 2016

Objective: Everyday life includes fluctuating noise levels, resulting in continuously changing speech intelligibility. The study aims were: (1) to quantify the amount of decrease in age-related speech perception, as a result of increasing noise level, and (2) to test the effect of age on context usage at the word level (smaller amount of contextual cues). Patients and Methods: A total of 24 young adults (age 20-30 years) and 20 older adults (age 60-75 years) were tested. Meaningful and nonsense one-syllable consonant-vowel-consonant words were presented with the background noise types of speech noise (SpN), babble noise (BN), and white noise (WN), with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 0 and -5 dB. Results: Older adults had lower accuracy in SNR = 0, with WN being the most difficult condition for all participants. Measuring the change in speech perception when SNR decreased showed a reduction of 18.6-61.5% in intelligibility, with age effect only for BN. Both young and older adults used less phonemic context with WN, as compared to other conditions. Conclusion: Older adults are more affected by an increasing noise level of fluctuating informational noise as compared to steady-state noise. They also use less contextual cues when perceiving monosyllabic words. Further studies should take into consideration that when presenting the stimulus differently (change in noise level, less contextual cues), other perceptual and cognitive processes are involved.
Evolutionary Diversity of Suid Herpesvirus 1 Based on Ul44 Partial Sequences
Authors: Fonseca Jr. Antônio Augusto , Camargos Marcelo Fernandes , Barbosa Aline Aparecida Silva , Gonçalves Valdênia Lopes Silva , Heinemann Marcos Bryan , Reis Jenner K. Pimenta dos
Published: June 2016

Objective: The aim of this study was to use partial Ul44 sequences (glycoprotein C) of Suid herpesvirus 1 to examine the evolution and dynamics of the virus in different periods and hosts. Methods: Phylogenetic trees were constructed using the software MrBayes after analysis in the software jModelTest to evaluate the best phylogenetic models. The software SplitsTree 4.0 was used to create phylogenetic networks, and the BEAST program was used to generate data on phylogeography. Replication kinetics and serum neutralization tests were applied to tree strains from different phylogenetic groups. Results:Ul44 sequences derived from domestic swine and wild swine clustered in different clades and had different selective pressures depending on the host. We found no differences in replication kinetics and serum neutralization tests in the strains tested. Data show that the evolution of herpesviruses is complex, and different genetic groups may be evolving at different rates. Ul44 is an important marker for molecular evolution and epidemiology studies, but it is not useful for biological information.
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Intravitreal Ranibizumab for Diabetic Macular Edema in Vitrectomized and Nonvitrectomized Eyes
Authors: Koyanagi Yoshito , Yoshida Shigeo , Kobayashi Yoshiyuki , Kubo Yuki , Yamaguchi Muneo , Nakama Takahito , Nakao Shintaro , Ikeda Yasuhiro , Ohshima Yuji , Ishibashi Tatsuro , Sonoda Koh-hei
Published: June 2016

Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) for diabetic macular edema (DME) between eyes with and without previous vitrectomy. Procedures: We prospectively assessed the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT) after IVR for 6 months. Results: There were no significant differences in the baseline BCVA and CMT between both groups. In the nonvitrectomized group (n = 15), the mean changes of BCVA and CMT from baseline to month 6 were significant (p < 0.01). In the vitrectomized group (n = 10), the improvement appeared to be slower, and the mean BCVA improvement was not significant (p = 0.5), although the mean CMT decrease was significant (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the mean changes of BCVA and CMT between both groups at 6 months. Conclusions: The difference in the effectiveness of IVR between both groups was not significant. IVR can be a treatment option even for vitrectomized DME eyes.
Cat Scratch Disease: Expanded Spectrum
Authors: Aziz Hassan A. , Plesec Thomas P. , Sabella Camille , Udayasankar Unni K. , Singh Arun D.
Published: June 2016

Background: To expand the spectrum of ophthalmic manifestations in cat scratch disease. Methods: Case report. Results: A 7-year-old male was referred for evaluation of his left optic disc after failing vision screening test at school. His visual acuity was 20/20 OD and light perception OS. Fundus examination showed a left optic disc lesion associated with an exudative retinal detachment and vitreous seeding. Ultrasonography revealed a 7 × 7.5 × 3.8 mm lesion with a possible 6.3 mm of retrolaminar extension into the substance of the optic nerve. Brain MRI did not show evidence of optic nerve involvement but revealed a 6-mm nodule of the pineal gland suggestive of a pineoblastoma. Enucleation was performed and histopathology revealed a suppurative granulomatous inflammation suggestive of Bartonella infection. Upon further questioning, the patient had recent exposure to kittens with areas of cat scratches along both of his arms. He was subsequently referred to and treated with a 2-week course of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and rifampin by the pediatric infectious disease specialist. Repeat brain MRI showed interval total resolution of enlarged pineal gland. Conclusion: Optic nerve granulomas are a rare presentation of cat scratch disease and could potentially masquerade as retinoblastoma.
Impacts of Bolsa Família Programme on income and working offer of the poor famílies: an approach using the treatment of quantile effect
Authors: Cavalcanti Daniella Medeiros , Costa Edward Martins , Silva Jorge Luiz Mariano da , Sampaio Raquel Menezes Bezerra
Published: June 2016

O impacto do Programa Bolsa Família (PBF) ao longo das distribuições da renda e da jornada de trabalho das famílias pobres brasileiras foi veriﬁcado utilizando os microdados do Censo Amostral do IBGE de 2010 e o estimador do Efeito Quantílico do Tratamento (EQT) de Firpo (2007). O grupode tratamento e o grupode controleforam amboscompostos por famílias elegíveis ao programa, porém entram no grupo de tratamento apenas as famílias que efetivamente receberam o benefício. As famílias que participam do PBF, quando comparadas às famílias não beneﬁciadas: a) podem ter jornada de trabalho maior, menor ou semelhante, dependendo do quantil analisado; e, b) têm menor renda oriunda do trabalho para todos os quantis da distribuição
No balé e no teatro: a família como mediação na formação do professor-espectador
Authors: Ferreira Taís
Published: June 2016

Esse artigo apresenta, a partir de exemplos localizados de experiências de dois professores de teatro e dança brasileiros, considerações sobre a relação entre a formação de uma identidade de espectador e a mediação da família nesse processo constitutivo, a partir das primeiras memórias dos professores como espectadores. Alicerçando a discussão, são evocados conceitos seminais da obra bourdiana como de capital cultural e simbólico e habitus, além da concepção da memória trazida pelo neurocientista Iván Izquierdo. A partir das pistas apresentadas, concluo com uma sugestão para a formação docente em artes cênicas.
A pulsão de teatralidade e a sobrevivência do teatro na atualidade
Authors: Medeiros Elen de , Santos Matheus Borelli dos
Published: June 2016

Este artigo busca, por meio de uma leitura de O teatro é necessário?, de Denis Guénoun, aproximar as ideias abordadas pelo autor ao conceito de “pulsão de ficção”, forjado por Suzi Frankl Sperper, em uma tentativa de refletir acerca das motivações do espectador contemporâneo ao buscar uma obra teatral. Esse pensamento, apoiado na noção da tríplice mimese, de Paul Ricoeur, irá levantar possibilidades que investigam como um espaço institucionalizado pode proporcionar terreno fértil para o cultivo dessa necessidade humana pela ficcionalização.
Testemunho e responsabilidade na cena contemporânea
Authors: Montagner Alessandra
Published: June 2016

Este artigo reflete sobre a problemática do testemunho e da responsabilidade na recepção da cena contemporânea. São utilizados a experiência receptiva pessoal da autora e o depoimento de outra espectadora, sobre sua experiência da mesma obra, como meio para a viabilização dessa reflexão.
Lugares da experiência na cena performativa recente: uma problematização acerca do espectador e seu exercício crítico de leitura/produção
Authors: Campos Cecília Lauritzen Jácome
Published: June 2016

Este artigo problematiza o conceito de experiência e suas aproximações com a cena teatral performativa recente. Ao abordar a dinâmica da cena contemporânea, é exposto um relato da autora como espectadora do evento cênico performativo A última palavra é a penúltima – 2.0 do grupo Teatro da Vertigem (SP), em que os lugares do público são revisitados sob a ótica do ato de leitura enquanto ato produtivo. A discussão traça relações entre a experiência como conceito e vivência, a estética relacional de Nicolas Bourriaud e os estudos da recepção de Flávio Desgranges, Paul Zumthor, John Dewey e Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht. A partir da noção da arte como expressão potente na alteração da percepção, questiona-se a possibilidade de falar em um ‘exercício crítico da experiência’.
Aos nossos inimigos. Reflexões sobre o público
Authors: Cornago Óscar
Published: June 2016

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de estudar a construção do público, entendido como os interlocutores em ação, a partir de duas histórias diferentes. A primeira consiste em uma conversação improvisada da dupla de performers Los Torreznos, em La caverna (2012), que tinha o público como seu objeto de observação; e a outra é extraída da análise que o Comité Invisible fez sobre o movimento de ocupação das praças, ocorrido em diferentes cidades do mundo desde 2008. O objetivo é confrontar duas abordagens diferentes do público – cênica e estética, por um lado, e social e política, por outro – e traçar um caminho de ida e volta entre a cena e a rua, considerando ambos os espaços como dispositivos de ação e de representação procurando operar de outras maneiras ante a ordem política e econômica, reforçada desde a década de 1990.
Indigenous Peoples, Multicultural Policies and Rights Grounded in Cultural Difference
Authors: Gallois Dominique Tilkin , Klein Tatiane , Dal’ Bo Talita Lazarin
Published: June 2016

A enorme diversidade indígena no Brasil constitui, hoje, 246 povos falantes de mais de 160 línguas. Trata-se de um cenário que pode ser visto tanto do alto, apresentando um mosaico de situações históricas e modos de vida, como também em sua complexidade, verticalmente. A despeito disso, tal diversidade continua subsumida sob a categoria genérica de “índio”, que orienta as políticas públicas voltadas a essa minoria. Mas, ao mesmo tempo, é a identificação com essa categoria genérica que permite aos mais diferentes povos conhecerem as ameaças comuns e lutarem para terem reconhecidos seus direitos mais fundamentais, entre eles, o direito à diferença – a continuarem sendo quem são, para além dessa categorização. No artigo, apresentamos algumas formas pelas quais as ações políticas indígenas procuram enfrentar essa situação, para evidenciar a complexidade dos desafios hoje postos para o reconhecimento de suas reivindicações e a garantia dos direitos estabelecidos pela Constituição Federal de 1988
Minorities, Politics and Violence
Authors: Blay Eva Alterman
Published: June 2016

Neste pequeno ensaio traçarei, em linhas gerais, a condição das mulheres no Brasil apontando a correlação entre as tentativas de alteração da subalternidade feminina através do novo Código Civil. Analisarei como, ao mudar a “forma da Lei” resultaram reações danosas para as mulheres como o crescimento da violência e a sua exclusão no campo da representação eleitoral
Aproximando Universidade e Escola Técnica: Lições Aprendidas com o Incentivo à Pesquisa no Ensino Médio Profissionalizante
Authors: Santos Alessandro De Oliveira dos , Svartman Bernardo Parodi , Rocco Fernando Viana de Carvalho , Galeão-Silva Luis Guilherme , Casco Ricardo , Massola Gustavo Martineli
Published: June 2016

O artigo descreve um estudo de monitoramento dos resultados das atividades de um projeto de aproximação entre universidade e escola técnica, em curso desde 2011, no Vale do Ribeira-SP, que reúne docentes do Instituto de Psicologia da USP, professores e estudantes das escolas técnicas dos municípios de Registro e Iguape. Por meio de questionários aplicados junto aos professores das escolas técnicas, entrevistas em grupo com os estudantes, leitura de relatórios elaborados por eles e conteúdos de um vídeo contendo suas narrativas, descreve-se os efeitos do projeto para a turma de estudantes do ano de 2012. A análise dos dados priorizou os ganhos formativos e pessoais dos estudantes com a participação no projeto, descrevendo seu desempenho e progresso. O estudo de monitoramento mostrou que a participação no projeto favoreceu aquisições de caráter acadêmico e relacional dos estudantes, contribuindo para que melhorassem suas habilidades de leitura e escrita, a organizar melhor os materiais de estudo, a ampliar sua capacidade de trabalhar em equipe e de cumprir prazos para realização de atividades. O artigo discute o potencial de iniciativas dessa natureza para valorização do intercâmbio entre universidade e escola pública e integração entre pesquisa e extensão universitária
Minorities, Homelessness and Journalism: a Study with Professionals of the City of Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Bortoli Suzana Rozendo
Published: June 2016

Este artigo é parte de um capítulo da tese de doutorado “Elas e nós: o jornalismo e as mulheres adultas em situação de rua na cidade do Rio de Janeiro”, desenvolvida no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Comunicação da Escola de Comunicações e Artes (ECA), na Universidade de São Paulo. Levando-se em conta que a população de rua é vista como um problema de saúde pública no Brasil, buscou-se compreender o que pensam os profissionais das áreas do Direito e da Psicologia sobre as notícias a respeito desse grupo minoritário. Pretendeu-se, também, mostrar o que poderia ser melhorado na cobertura desses temas, por meio do olhar dos entrevistados. Como procedimentos metodológicos, foram realizadas entrevistas semi- -abertas com psicólogos e profissionais da área de Direito que têm contato direto com as pessoas em situação de rua do município do Rio de Janeiro. Ademais, foram utilizadas notícias dos jornais online Extra e O Globo como forma de análise do ponto de vista jornalístico. Os resultados apontam algumas ideias de como se poderia fazer um melhor trabalho jornalístico para o fortalecimento da cidadania dessa minoria populacional
Lifetime Risk for Sudden Cardiac Death in the Community
Authors: Bogle Brittany M. , Ning Hongyan , Mehrotra Sanjay , Goldberger Jeffrey J. , Lloyd‐Jones Donald M.
Published: June 2016

Background

Sudden cardiac death (
SCD
) is a leading cause of death in the United States and often occurs without previous cardiac symptoms. Lifetime risk for
SCD
and the influence of established risk factors on lifetime risks for
SCD
have not been estimated previously.

Methods and Results

We followed Framingham Heart Study participants who were free of cardiovascular disease before their earliest examination.
SCD
was defined as death attributed to coronary heart disease within 1 hour of symptom onset without another probable cause of death, as adjudicated by a panel of 3 physicians. Lifetime risk for
SCD
was estimated to 85 years of age for men and women, with death attributed to other causes as the competing risk, and stratified by risk factor levels. We followed 2294 men and 2785 women for 160 396 person‐years; 375 experienced
SCD
. At 45 years of age, lifetime risks were 10.9% (95%
CI
, 9.4–12.5) for men and 2.8% (95%
CI
, 2.1–3.5) for women. Greater aggregate burden of established risk factors was associated with a higher lifetime risk for
SCD
. Categorizing men and women solely by blood pressure levels resulted in a clear stratification of lifetime risk curves.

Conclusions

We present the first lifetime risk estimates for
SCD
. Greater aggregate risk factor burden, or blood pressure level alone, is associated with higher lifetime risks for
SCD
. This high risk of premature death attributed to
SCD
(approximately 1 in 9 men and 1 in 30 women) should serve as a motivator of public health efforts in preventing and responding to
SCD
.
Semantic Categories and Gender Assignment in Contact Spanish: Type of Code-Switching and its Relevance to Linguistic Outcomes
Authors: Balam Osmer
Published: June 2016

The present study examines two aspects of determiner phrases (dps) that have been previously investigated in Spanish/English code-switching; namely, the openness of semantic domains to non-native nouns and gender assignment in monolingual versus code-switched speech. The quantitative analysis of naturalistic, oral production data from 62 native speakers of Northern Belizean Spanish revealed both similarities and notable differences vis-à-vis previous findings for varieties of Spanish/English code-switching in the u.s. Hispanophone context. Semantic domains that favoured non-native nouns in Spanish/English dps included academia, technology, work/money-related terms, abstract concepts, linguistics/language terms and everyday items. In relation to gender assignation, assignment patterns in monolingual dps were canonical whereas an overwhelming preference for the masculine default gender was attested in mixed dps. Biological gender was not found to be deterministic in switched dps. The analysis highlights the important role that type of code-switching has on contact outcomes in bi/multilingual communities, as speech patterns are reflective of the status and resourcefulness that code-switching is afforded at a societal and idiolectal level.
On Sino-Turkic, a First Glance (北俗初探)
Authors: Lim An-King , 慶 林安
Published: June 2016

When Turkic-speaking Tabghatch conquered China in 386 ce and ruled her for nearly 200 years, they, being minority rulers, elected to take up Chinese writing system and language as the official means of communication with its subject population. They also ended up adopting the writing system to script the Turkic language for their Turkic population resulting into a Xianbei National Language (xnl). This work describes 7 cases of Turkic-rooted Sinitic functional expressions, all featuring the word 的 [d-], supported with historical citations in Chinese documents, believed to be cultural continua of the xnl:

1)

The constative preterite -dI, -dXŋ → the constative 的 [də], 底 [di], 端 [duan]

2)

The nominalizer -dOk+ in free relative clause → Sinitc 的 [də], 底 [di], 得 [də] in free relative clause

3)

The nominalizer -dOk+ in bound relative clause → Sinitic 底 [di], 的 [də] in bound relative clause

4)

The adverb of manner suffix +tI/+dI → the adverb of manner suffixes 地 [di], 底 [di], 的 [də]

5)

The locative-ablative case suffixes +dA/+tA → the locative suffixes 底 [di], 頭 [tou], 的 [də]

6)

The perfect participle -dOk → the perfect participles 得 [də], 的 [di]

7)

The completive perfect formative ïd- → the completive perfect formatives 得 [də], 的 [di]
The Semantic Development of Nineteenth-Century French Cookery Terms in English: Tendencies of Borrowings Relating to Dishes, Desserts and Confectionary
Authors: Schultz Julia
Published: June 2016

French has long served English as the donor language par excellence in the field of cookery. A considerable number of culinary terms have been adopted into English down the ages (e.g. Chirol, 1973). Since cuisine is a field where France excels, the strong influx of borrowings from this area is by no means surprising. In the nineteenth century, too, French has been the source of a significant proportion of words and meanings which reflect the refinement of French gastronomy.

The focus of this paper is on the culinary vocabulary borrowed from French in the nineteenth century. According to the Oxford English Dictionary (henceforth oed) the term gastronomy itself, the art of preparing fine food, is a nineteenth-century borrowing which was adapted from the French gastronomie. The present study provides an analysis of the sense developments of the various borrowings from their earliest recorded uses in English to the present day in comparison with their equivalents in French. It will be interesting to see whether a) a particular meaning a borrowing assumes after its adoption is taken over from French (due to the continuing impact of French on English) or b) whether it represents an independent semantic change within English. Such a detailed investigation of the semantics of the culinary words of French provenance is missing in existing studies.
Stipa dickorei sp. nov. (Poaceae), three new records and a checklist of feather grasses of China
Authors: NOBIS MARCIN , NOBIS AGNIESZKA , KLICHOWSKA EWELINA , NOWAK ARKADIUSZ , NOWAK SYLWIA , GUDKOVA POLINA D.
Published: June 2016

Stipa dickorei sp. nov. from the Western Tibetan Plateau (China) is described. The new species is morphologically similar to S. regeliana, but they differ from each other in the length of ligules of vegetative shoots. Stipa dickorei is also similar to S. aliena, however they differ in the shape of panicle, which is contracted with straight branches in S. dickorei, and lax with flexuous branches in S. aliena. Images of macromorphological and micromorphological structures of the new taxon are provided. Additionally, new records of S. borysthenica, S. richteriana, and S. zalesskii, species not listed in the recent Flora of China, as well as a checklist of Chinese feather grasses are also presented.
Two new species of Graffenrieda (Melastomataceae, Merianieae) from the Amazon Rainforest
Authors: LIMA LAÍCE FERNANDA GOMES DE , BAUMGRATZ JOSÉ FERNANDO ANDRADE , NIC LUGHADHA EIMEAR , SANTOS JOÃO UBIRATAN MOREIRA DOS
Published: June 2016

Two new species of Graffenrieda are described from the Amazon rainforest. Graffenrieda maturaca is characterized mainly by its leaves which are dull on the adaxial surface, chartaceous, narrowly elliptic to oblanceolate, and apparently uni-nerved, with only the median acrodromous vein evident. This species has been collected only at Serra de Maturacá, in the state of Amazonas, Brazil. Graffenrieda goldenbergii is distinguished mainly by the pulverulent, whitish, early caducous indumentum of the rachis, pedicel, hypanthium and calyx, by the abaxial surface of the leaves which is moderately lepidote, with trichomes ca. 0.2 mm diam., by the irregularly valvate calyx, and by the membranaceous, costate, not sulcate fruits. This species has been collected in the state of Acre, Brazil, and in the Province and District of Lama in Peru. Both species are illustrated, compared with similar species, and their conservation status is discussed.
A new species of the Craugastor podiciferus species group (Anura: Craugastoridae) from the premontane forest of southwestern Costa Rica
Authors: ARIAS ERICK , CHAVESCHAVES GERARDO , CRAWFORD ANDREW J. , PARRA-OLEA GABRIELA
Published: June 2016

In this report, we describe a new species of the Craugastor podiciferus species group from the premontane forest of the Pacific versant along the Costa Rican-Panamanian border. Mitochondrial DNA and karyotype analyses previously showed a marked genetic divergence between populations of the premontane forest of the Fila Costeña and the lowlands South Pacific Costa Rica near Panama. Analyses of the mitochondrial DNA sequences and the morphological variation revealed significant differences between the populations of the premontane forest relative to the other populations of C. stejnegerianus, including the type locality. We recognize these premontane populations as a new species and show that they differ from the typical C. stejnegerianus in the coloration of the venter, the head and the body proportions, and mtDNA divergence. With the addition of this new species, the C. podiciferus species group now contains nine species.
Summer Time Dustfall Fluxes of Reactive Nitrogen and Other Inorganic Species over the Tropical Megacity of Indo-Gangetic Plains
Authors: Tiwari Reema , Gupta Gyan Prakash , Kulshrestha U. C.
Published: June 2016

The rising emissions of reactive nitrogen (Nr) from transport, industrial, and agricultural sectors in India have resulted in its consequent interactions with the removal mechanism of the atmospheric dust. This study, therefore, reports the fluxes of reactive nitrogen along with other inorganic species through dustfall over six sites of Delhi–National Capital Region (NCR) characterized by the changing dynamics of its different land-use pattern. The highest Nr fluxes were observed at site SMA Industrial estate (SMA; NO3− = 16.45 ± 10.17 mg m−2 day−1, NH4+ = 16.33 ± 16.00 mg m−2 day−1) and lowest at site Chuchchakwas village (CV; NO3− = 1.24 ± 0.16 mg m−2 day−1, NH4+ = 0 mg m−2 day−1). Sites Mukherjee Nagar (MN), Peeragarhi Chowk (PC), Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), and Noida Phase II (N-II), on the other hand, showed 3.59 ± 1.00, 3.39 ± 0.61, 2.98 ± 0.84, and 3.36 ± 0.78 mg m−2 day−1 of NO3− fluxes and 0.30 ± 0.06, 0.22 ± 0.04, 0.21 ± 0.04, and 0.22 ± 0.05 mg m−2 day−1 of NH4+ fluxes, respectively. The fraction of the total ions in the water soluble extract of the dustfall was also noticed to be the highest at the SMA site (22.2%) and lowest at the CV site (1.5%) with MN, PC, JNU, and N-II showing 3.5%, 3.7%, 2.9%, and 3.9% of their respective contributions. Relative abundances of Ca2+ and SO42− in the dustfall substantiated the stoichiometric reactions involved in Nr scavenging. The role of Ca2+ in the spatiotemporal variability of Nr fluxes was established with the help of neutralization ratios and regression plots. Morphological and particle size analysis further confirmed the anthropogenic-induced crustal interferences in the summertime dustfall fluxes of Nr species.
Trends of the Pathways and Intensities of Surface Equatorial Current System in the North Pacific Ocean
Authors: Hsin Yi-Chia
Published: June 2016

An ensemble of ocean reanalysis products is utilized to quantify the long-term tendencies of pathways and along-pathway transports of the three surface equatorial currents (North Equatorial Current, North Equatorial Countercurrent, and northern branch of the South Equatorial Current) in the North Pacific Ocean during the period of the 1900s–2000s. This study uses 12 ocean reanalysis products in the ensemble for the period after the 1960s, while only 2 Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) products are taken into consideration for the period prior to 1960s. The analyses indicate that the three currents in the western (eastern) Pacific Ocean have more southern (northern) mean central positions and tend to move southward (northward) over the past 100 years. All three currents have weakening tendencies, with the exception of the North Equatorial Current having intensified in the western Pacific Ocean. The Sverdrup dynamics, which directly relates the wind-driven circulation in the interior ocean to wind stress curl and Earth rotation, can be applied to simply address the long-term changes of intensities and pathways of the three surface currents in the tropical North Pacific Ocean.
Processes Associated with the Tropical Indian Ocean Subsurface Temperature Bias in a Coupled Model
Authors: Chowdary J. S. , Parekh Anant , Srinivas G. , Gnanaseelan C. , Fousiya T.S. , Khandekar Rashmi , Roxy M. K.
Published: June 2016

Subsurface temperature biases in coupled models can seriously impair their capability in generating skillful seasonal forecasts. The National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System, version 2 (CFSv2), coupled model, which is used for seasonal forecast in several countries including India, displays warm (cold) subsurface (surface) temperature bias in the tropical Indian Ocean (TIO), with deeper than observed mixed layer and thermocline. In the model, the maximum warm bias is reported between 150- and 200-m depth. Detailed analysis reveals that the enhanced vertical mixing by strong vertical shear of horizontal currents is primarily responsible for TIO subsurface warming. Weak upper-ocean stability corroborated by surface cold and subsurface warm bias further strengthens the subsurface warm bias in the model. Excess inflow of warm subsurface water from Indonesian Throughflow to the TIO region is partially contributing to the warm bias mainly over the southern TIO region. Over the north Indian Ocean, Ekman convergence and downwelling due to wind stress bias deepen the thermocline, which do favor subsurface warming. Further, upper-ocean meridional and zonal cells are deeper in CFSv2 compared to the Ocean Reanalysis System data manifesting the deeper mixing. This study outlines the need for accurate representation of vertical structure in horizontal currents and associated vertical gradients to simulate subsurface temperatures for skillful seasonal forecasts.
Methods for Improving the Prediction Skill of Summer Precipitation over East Asia–West Pacific
Authors: Gong Zhiqiang , Hutin Clément , Feng Guolin
Published: June 2016

The performance of summer precipitation prediction skill of the Beijing Climate Center Climate System Model (BCC_CSM1.1; hereafter CSM) over the East Asia–west Pacific (EA–WP) region indicates the need for further development in order to improve model prediction skill. Two methods, namely the statistical alone prediction and the statistical and model combined prediction, are proposed to improve prediction skill. For the former, more than 2000 combinations of precursory predictors are considered in the predictive model; both most similar and dissimilar information are considered in the prediction process. For the latter, both the statistical analog information and the CSM’s forecast are considered in the predictive model; this new prediction method is based on merging information from both a dynamical model and historical analogs. Cross validation of summer precipitation over EA–WP for the years 1991–2010 shows that the average spatial anomaly correlation coefficient (ACC) of the statistical alone prediction is 0.16 and the average spatial root-mean-standard error (RMSE) is 22.7, which are much improved compared to the systematic error correction with ACC and RMSE being 0.09 and 25.0 respectively. The ACC and RMSE results from the statistical and CSM combined prediction are 0.22 and 21.8, respectively, which also indicates an improvement compare to the statistical alone prediction. Independent sample validation for the years 2011–13 indicates that the average ACCs of the statistical alone prediction and the statistical and CSM combined prediction (0.25 and 0.24) are enhanced compared to the systematic error correction (−0.02). The average RMSE is also improved from 25.0 to 23.6 and 22.7. Therefore, the two new prediction methods proposed in this paper both demonstrate the possibilities for the operational prediction of summer precipitation over EA–WP.
Masticator Space Foreign Body in a Child Presenting With Otorrhea and Granulation Tissue of the External Auditory Canal
Authors: Tawfik Kareem O. , Edwards Colin R. , Jones Blaise V. , Myer Charles M.
Published: June 2016

Objective:

We report an unusual case of masticator space foreign body in a patient presenting with otorrhea and granulation tissue within the external auditory canal (EAC).

Methods:

Case report.

Results:

A 16-month-old male presented with fever, unilateral otorrhea, facial swelling, leukocytosis, and granulation tissue within the EAC that failed to respond to conventional medical treatment. Computed tomography scan showed EAC and middle ear opacification and soft tissue swelling involving the masticator space. Given concerns for malignancy, biopsies of tissue within the EAC and of a newly detected right buccal mass were performed, revealing granulation tissue. Concern persisted for neoplasm, however, and magnetic resonance imaging was obtained, showing a masticator space foreign body and possible osteomyelitis of the mandible and pterygoid plates. The patient underwent urgent operative removal of a 3 cm crayon fragment from the masticator space and debridement of granulation tissue arising from a small defect at the inferior medial cartilaginous EAC. He likely sustained foreign body injury several weeks earlier upon falling from standing height while biting a crayon. Postoperatively, he was observed in hospital on intravenous antibiotics and improved significantly. He has since fully recovered.

Conclusion:

Masticator space foreign bodies may present with erosion and granulation tissue of the EAC.
Managing a “New” Murmur in Healthy Children and Teens
Authors: Gupta Lisa J. , May Joseph W.
Published: June 2016

An asymptomatic child with a murmur can be challenging practice management conundrum. Some providers refer all patients with a “new” murmur to a cardiologist, likely resulting in excessive resource utilization and parental anxiety. This study examines whether the prevalence of significant cardiac pathology differs in asymptomatic patients aged 2 to 18 years who were referred for a murmur that was “new” versus those referred for a murmur that was known to exist and followed conservatively during the previous 2 years. Of 473 patients meeting inclusion criteria, 33/473 (7.0%) were diagnosed with cardiac pathology, with 21/357 (5.9%) occurring among “new” murmur referrals and 12/116 (10.3%) occurring among “known” murmur referrals. Notably, 34/357 (9.5%) patients referred for a “new” murmur had no murmur present when assessed by the cardiologist. This study suggests that asymptomatic children with a “new” murmur may be conservatively managed. This may lessen health care resource utilization rates and overall parental anxiety.