bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Subsurface Drainage for Cost-Effective Mitigation Strategies: A Case Study of Hakgala Landslide, Sri Lanka
Authors: Jayakody S. H. S. , Kumarage Buddhika , Karunawardena Asiri
Published: December 2024

Subsurface drainage is a common technique used to stabilize slopes and maintain sustainable water levels. This paper discusses the use of subsurface drainage to stabilize a backslope of a retaining wall located at an arterial highway in Sri Lanka that had undergone failure due to excess water pressure. The sustained loading from the failed debris on the structurally conceded wall made the rectification work more challenging. Therefore, it was necessary to adopt a cost-effective solution as a temporary measure to hold the failed debris until permanent measures were implemented. The study used field measurements and numerical modelling to analyze the effects of infiltration and groundwater flow on the slope before and after subsurface drains were employed. Introducing subsurface drains and controlled infiltration improved the slope’s stability and significantly avoided forming a perched water table. With the successful completion of this project, using non-structural measures accompanied by an accurate seepage analysis, design, and a monitoring plan proved to be a cost-effective solution for stabilizing highly saturated unstable slopes.
Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) Prioritization of Landslide-Causing Factors
Authors: Dias A. A. Virajh , Gunathilake A. A. Jagath
Published: December 2024

Prioritization of factors responsible for a landslide trigger is an essential process in landslide susceptibility analysis. This allows the researcher to recognize how important each factor is. If time or resources are short, the least important factors may have to be left out. This paper aims to employ Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) to prioritize factors responsible for landslide susceptibility analysis. The AHP methodology will be utilized to analyze and rank the relative importance of various factors influencing landslides. This was based on old landslide data and also considering sensitivity of occurrences. The results classifying to five number of classes with the ArcGIS facility and occurrences of landslide under each category. The overall assessment is based with the 39 number of old landslides selected and verified at site. In such situation more than 84.6% of landslides fall in the category of moderate susceptibility to high susceptibility. The results will provide valuable insights into the factors that require immediate attention for mitigating landslide incidences.
Translation und Subversion. Perspektiven der Frühneuzeitforschung
Authors: Wesche Jörg , Toepfer Regina , Burschel Peter
Published: December 2024

Translation and subversion: how are the two related? That is the question pursued by this compilation of methodological orientations and historical studies on the Early Modern period in various geographical settings and interlingual constellations from the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries. Bringing together a broad range of disciplines – translation studies, Romance studies, Japanology, German studies, and musicology – the volume takes a closer look at contrarieties hitherto little noticed, especially with regard to Early Modern translation cultures. In the process it focuses on subversive translation as a catalyst for intercultural resistivity as well as subversive action.
Subversion und Sprachwandel durch Translation. Benennungspraktiken, Bedeutungskonstruktion und strategischer Gebrauch kolonialer Konzepte in evangelisierenden und juristisch-notariellen Textpaaren
Authors: Schrader-Kniffki Martina , Klamp Yannic , Kneifel Malte
Published: December 2024

This paper analyses the translational strategies adopted by colonial missionaries for translating Christian content from Spanish into Zapotec under the concept of subversion in terms of their potential to impose both linguistic and social change in the target language and culture. The concept of subversion is understood here as the subversion of linguistic order with reality-generating consequences. On the other hand, it can be shown that terms and concepts that emerged from this kind of subversion were strategically used by the speakers of the target culture to present themselves as successfully colonised and good Christians, to assert their own goals in this way and thus to subvert colonial power relations by means of ‘subverted’ language use.
Early improvement of left ventricular dyssynchrony after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with single chronic total occlusion vessel
Authors: Liu Yanci , Wang Shaoping , Peng Hongyu , Liu Jinghua
Published: December 2024

The effect of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of chronic total occlusion (CTO) on left ventricular dyssynchrony was unclear. Patients with one CTO vessel were included. Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) was used to assess the left ventricular dyssynchrony index (DI) in twelve segments before and after successful CTO PCI. Multiple regression was used to identify independent correlates of DI reduction. Ninety one patients were included with the mean age of 62.04 years. 88(96.70%) had left ventricular DI more than 33. It decreased from 69.58 ± 28.35 to 43.38 ± 17.34 (P < 0.001) after successful CTO PCI. PCI of infarct-relative CTO was associated with less percentage of DI reduction (Coefficient [Coef.], 11.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.33–19.93; P = 0.01). Higher initial DI was associated with more percentage of DI reduction (Coef., − 0.38; 95% CI − 0.52 to − 0.23; P < 0.001). Percentage of DI reduction was associated with ejection fraction (EF) improvement (Coef., − 1.45; 95% CI − 2.58 to − 0.33; P = 0.01). CTO PCI led to significant reduction in DI and improvement of EF, particularly in patients without myocardial infraction and severe dyssynchrony. CTO patients with evident left ventricular dyssynchrony or without a history of myocardial infarction may benefit from a more proactive revascularization strategy. The association between dyssynchrony reduction and long-term benefits of CTO PCI warrants further investigation.
A novel approach to predict the traffic accident assistance based on deep learning
Authors: Vicent José F. , Curado Manuel , Oliver José L. , Pérez-Sala Luis
Published: December 2024

According to the World Health Organization, thousands of people die every year in road traffic accidents. A crucial problem is the prediction of medical assistance in these accidents. For this purpose, we propose a new deep learning model whose goal is to distinguish whether a traffic accident requires medical assistance. The proposed perspective is general, so the model is valid for any dataset from any city. For this purpose, we present a model divided into three differentiated stages. In the first pre-processing stage, a general data treatment is performed, from data collection and cleaning to balancing. Secondly, the post-processing stage employs genetic and boosting algorithms to obtain the importance of all the data set variables used in the prediction. In the last stage, Model Training, a new model based on two-dimensional convolutional neural networks is applied to obtain a prediction of the need for medical assistance in traffic accidents. Finally, we test the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed model by applying it to traffic accident datasets in six different cities. The obtained experimental results show that our framework achieves higher accuracy in all cities compared to six state-of-the-art models, confirming its suitability and applicability, even in real time.
Sulfidic mine waste rock alkaliphilic microbial communities rapidly replaced by aerobic acidophiles following deposition
Authors: Johnson Anders , Lönntoft Erika , Piatek Pawel , Ronne Erik , Simons Andrew , Dopson Mark
Published: December 2024

The increased mining of metals required to meet future demands also generates vast amounts of waste rock that depending on the ore, can contain substantial amounts of metal sulfides. Unconstrained storage of these mining biproducts results in the release of acidic metal laden effluent (termed ‘acid rock drainage’) that causes serious damage to recipient ecosystems. This study investigated the development of 16S rRNA gene based microbial communities and physiochemical characteristics over two sampling occasions in three age classes of rock, from newly mined to > 10 years in a boreal metal sulfide waste repository. Analysis of the waste rocks showed a pH decrease from the youngest to oldest aged waste rock suggesting the development of acid rock leachate. The microbial communities differed between the young, mid, and old samples with increasing Shannon’s H diversity with rock age. This was reflected by the young age microbial community beta diversity shifting towards the mid aged samples suggesting the development of a community adapted to the low temperature and acidic conditions. This community shift was characterized by the development of iron and sulfur oxidizing acidophilic populations that likely catalyzed the dissolution of the metal sulfides. In conclusion, the study showed three potential microbial community transitions from anaerobic species adapted to underground conditions, through an aerobic acidophilic community, to a more diverse acidophilic community. This study can assist in understanding acid rock drainage generation and inform on strategies to mitigate metal and acid release.
Comprehensive Analysis of Battery Thermal Management and Energy Consumption in an Electric Vehicle: Impact of Driving Modes and Ambient Temperatures
Authors: Park Inji , Kim Charyung , Lee Hyunwoo , Myung Cha-Lee , Min Kyoungdoug
Published: December 2024

This study provides an in-depth analysis of how battery thermal management and energy consumption in an electric vehicle are influenced by different driving modes and ambient temperatures. It highlights the important role of the battery thermal management system (BMS) in ensuring efficient battery operation, particularly under extreme temperature conditions. At − 15 °C, energy efficiency dropped by 67% in city driving and 42% on the highway. This was mainly due to the heating system using more energy. Meanwhile, at 35 °C, energy consumption rose by 24% in city driving and 12% in highway driving, primarily due to the air conditioning system. The thermal management system helped regulate the battery’s temperature, reducing performance loss in both low and high temperature conditions. In cold environments, the heating system used 51% of the total energy in city driving and 30% in highway driving. This shows that ambient temperatures greatly affect energy use. These results stress the need to optimize both the BMS and HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air conditioning) systems. This will improve energy efficiency and ensure consistent performance in various driving conditions.
Nuclear level lifetime measurements across varied ranges using the digital INGA at TIFR
Authors: Palit Rudrajyoti , Raut Rajarshi
Published: December 2024

This article highlights the significance of level lifetime measurements in nuclear structure studies that principally center on probing the myriad excitation phenomena exhibited by nuclei through evolving regimes of excitations in energy, angular momentum, and isospin. The same has been illustrated through discussions on some of the measurements undertaken using the Indian National Gamma Array (INGA) set up at the BARC-TIFR Pelletron LINAC Facility (PLF) in TIFR, Mumbai. The diverse physics that could be addressed in such endeavors provides the impetus to work towards developing better facilities for spectroscopic pursuits.
Shapes in submicron ammonium sulfate particles after long-term exposure on tree leaves
Authors: Yamane Kenichi , Nakaba Satoshi , Yamaguchi Masahiro , Kuroda Katsushi , Sano Yuzou , Lenggoro I. Wuled , Izuta Takeshi , Funada Ryo
Published: December 2024

Assessing the effects of air pollutants, including aerosols, on trees is important for protecting forests in the future. This study determined the adsorption of particles on trees after 1- or 2-year long-term exposure (for 1 or 2 h/day) to submicron-scale ammonium sulfate (AS) particles using a field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) was also used to distinguish particles resulting from exposure from those present on the leaves under natural conditions prior to the 1- or 2-year exposure. We found submicron-sized AS particles were deposited on the leaf surfaces of four tree species after long-term exposure in a growth chamber < 70% humidity. These particles occurred as individual deposits without aggregation on the abaxial and adaxial surfaces. The particle shape deposited on the leaf surface in short-term (3–30 min) exposures in a growth chamber < 70% humidity was spherical with no corners, whereas that in long-term exposures was nonspherical flattened, angular, or irregular. Few micrometers was also observed, differing from 300 to 600 nm in diameter at exposure. These differences could be caused by the possibility that the particles have been deposited for a long time or that the humidity on the leaf surface has caused them to deliquescence and change shape after deposition. We hypothesized that these particle changes facilitate the uptake of AS into the leaf interior.
Numerical Methods
Authors: Jana Amiya K.
Published: December 2024

Numerical methods are a cornerstone of modern engineering. This lucid textbook strikes a balance between theory and analysis of numerical methods and their practical applications in engineering. Each chapter starts with the formulation and graphical representation of the numerical method. This is followed by the algorithms required to create computer assisted solutions and simulations, which are then applied on real-world examples and case studies to show how exactly they are used. Finally, the strengths and weaknesses of the numerical method under discussion is explained, thus helping the reader choose the best method for a specific problem at hand. Using extensive mathematical problems, illustrative examples and industrially relevant case studies, the book gives the readers physical insights into the ground realities of engineering applications, particularly in areas like heat transfer, fluid mechanics, mass transfer, transport phenomena, and thermodynamics.
Audre Lorde on the Sacred Scale of Livability: Alexis Pauline Gumbs in Conversation with Caleb Ward
Authors: Ward Caleb
Published: December 2024

Caleb Ward interviews Black feminist writer, poet, educator, organizer, and scholar Alexis Pauline Gumbs about Audre Lorde’s spirituality, her ecological political praxis, her pedagogy, and the cross-generational scale of social change.
The prehistoric site of Oued Beht, Khémisset, Morocco: an interpretative report on 2021–2022 fieldwork and associated research
Authors: Broodbank Cyprian , Lucarini Giulio , Bokbot Youssef , Benattia Hamza , Bigoulimen Aïcha , Brucato Alessia , Farr Lucy , Garcia-Molsosa Arnau , Hachami Hassan , Laoutari Rafael , Lombardi Lorena , Marsilio Adelaide , Martin Louise , Martínez Sánchez Rafael M. , Mazzini Ilaria , Morales Jacob , Pelegrin Jacques , Radi Moad , Rega Francesco Michele , Sulas Federica , Wilkinson Toby
Published: December 2024

This report presents the first in-depth publication of preliminary data from Oued Beht, northwest Morocco, a remarkable site initially identified in the 1930s and now newly investigated. It is based on fieldwork undertaken in 2021–2022 (photogrammetry, survey and excavation), and associated study and analyses. Oued Beht is shown to be a large site of ca. 9–10 hectares in main extent, with many deep pits and convincing evidence for a full package of domesticated crops and animals. Its material culture is abundant and dense, comprising ceramics (including a local painted tradition hitherto barely attested in northwest Africa but comparable to finds in Iberia), numerous polished stone axes, grinding stones and other macrolithics, and a chipped-stone industry. Radiocarbon dates so far cluster at ca. 3400–2900 BC, but there are also indications of earlier and later prehistoric activity. What social activities Oued Beht reflects remains open to interpretation, but it emerges as a phenomenon of strong comparative interest for understanding the wider dynamics of north Africa and the Mediterranean during the fourth and third millennia BC.
Authority Over Whose Head? Did Paul Instruct Wives or All Women to Cover Their Heads (1 Corinthians 11:2–16)?
Authors: Callon Callie
Published: December 2024

There is no scholarly consensus on whether Paul’s mandates on head coverings were directed solely to married women or to all women in the Corinthian community. I suggest the discussion can be tentatively advanced by considering two factors that have not received the attention they warrant in conjunction with this passage: first, the presence of slaves in the community, and second, that the Genesis material which Paul alludes to in these verses was understood in some ancient thought as addressing the institution of marriage rather than creation. I propose that, in view of these considerations, it is more likely that Paul directed his exhortations towards free(d) married women.
Spherical Sefirot in Early Kabbalah
Authors: Weiss Judith
Published: December 2024

In the vein of important observations made by several scholars, in this article I discuss a variegated corpus of early sefirotic passages attesting to the prevalence and conventionality of spherical perceptions of the sefirot, already at the earliest stages of the sefirotic literature known to us. First, I show that for at least a substantial number of the earliest authors, seeing the sefirot as a set of concentric, hierarchical spherical divine entities was a self-evident premise. Second, I offer a tripartite division of the material, based on the different types of inner hierarchies characterizing the spherical descriptions. For each of these types I offer a relevant ideational context, related to contemporary cosmological conventions as well as to various theological notions.
Red Listing lichenized fungi: best practices and future prospects
Authors: Yahr Rebecca , Allen Jessica L. , Atienza Violeta , Burgartz Frank , Chrismas Nathan , Dal Forno Manuela , Degtjarenko Polina , Ohmura Yoshihito , Pérez-Ortega Sergio , Randlane Tiina , Reese Næsborg Rikke , Simijaca-Salcedo Diego , von Hirschheydt Gesa , Anderson Frances , Aptroot Andre , Balderas Eli , Borukhiyah Niles , Chandler Amanda M. , Chesa Marro Maria , Divakar Pradeep K. , García Renato Andrés , Herrera-Campos Maria de los Ángeles , Howe Natalie , Joseph Siljo , Larsen Elaine M. , Lendemer James C. , McMullin R. Troy , Michlig Andrea , Moncada Bibiana , Paulsen Julianna , Roa-García Francibelk , Rosentreter Roger , Scheidegger Christoph , Sparrius Laurens B. , Stone Daphne Fisher
Published: December 2024

According to International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) guidelines, all species must be assessed against all criteria during the Red Listing process. For organismal groups that are diverse and understudied, assessors face considerable challenges in assembling evidence due to difficulty in applying definitions of key terms used in the guidelines. Challenges also arise because of uncertainty in population sizes (Criteria A, C, D) and distributions (Criteria A2/3/4c, B). Lichens, which are often small, difficult to identify, or overlooked during biodiversity inventories, are one such group for which specific difficulties arise in applying Red List criteria. Here, we offer approaches and examples that address challenges in completing Red List assessments for lichens in a rapidly changing arena of data availability and analysis strategies. While assessors still contend with far from perfect information about individual species, we propose practical solutions for completing robust assessments given the currently available knowledge of individual lichen life-histories.
Major and Trace Element Variations and Lithologic Component Analysis in Apollo 17 Drive Tube 73001/2
Authors: Neuman Mason , Koefoed Piers , Wang Kun , Jolliff Bradley L. , Korotev Randy L. , Morris Richard V.
Published: December 2024

Samples 73001 and 73002, which make up the lower and upper portions, respectively, of the double drive tube containing regolith (“soil”) collected on the “light mantle” at Station 3 during Apollo 17. Using a quadrupole inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometer (ICP‐MS) and fused‐bead electron‐probe microanalysis (FB‐EPMA), we determined the chemical composition of every 0.5 cm dissection interval of the entire 56.9 cm length of the double drive tube, which penetrated to a depth of 70.6 cm below the regolith surface. We used the chemical compositions to model the proportions of different lithologic components found at the Apollo 17 site. Elemental variations with depth were linked to different proportions of these components. Higher amounts of high‐Ti mare basalt near the 73002 surface (uniformly dark‐toned regolith from 0 to 1.5 cm) indicate mixing of local mare materials by small impact cratering. Decreasing proportions of high‐Ti mare basalt below 1.5 cm result from the mixing of dark and light regolith components during the dissection process on Earth. Below about 7.5 cm, compositions indicate consistent amounts of primarily highlands material (<5% high‐Ti mare basalt), which can be described as a mixture of noritic impact‐melt and anorthositic‐norite components. In detail, the modeled anorthositic‐norite component, which may represent the pre‐basin upper crust in this part of the Moon, ranges from 50 to 60 wt.%. The modeled noritic impact‐melt breccia component remains relatively uniform at 35–40 wt.% throughout the length of 73002 and increases to 45 wt.% at the bottom of 73001.
Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Padina pavonica extract for efficient photocatalytic removal of methylene blue
Authors: Alprol Ahmed E. , Eleryan Ahmed , Abouelwafa Ahmed , Gad Ahmed M. , Hamad Tarek M.
Published: December 2024

Dye-laden wastewater poses a significant environmental and health threat. This study investigated the potential of green-synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), derived from Padina pavonica brown algae extract, for the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye. The hypothesis was that utilizing algal extract for ZnO NP synthesis would enhance adsorption capacity and photocatalytic activity for dye removal. The synthesized ZnO NPs, characterized by Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) and Zeta Potential, demonstrated high adsorption capacity (Qm = 192.308 mg g−1) and excellent removal efficiency (> 98%) for MB at low dye concentrations. Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models best fit the experimental data, suggesting monolayer adsorption and chemisorption as the primary mechanisms. Notably, the green ZnO NPs exhibited greater photocatalytic activity under direct sunlight irradiation compared to other light sources. Additionally, these nanoparticles displayed antimicrobial properties against various bacteria, indicating potential for water disinfection. This research offers a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach for wastewater treatment utilizing green ZnO NPs for efficient dye removal and potential water disinfection applications.
An Efficient Synthesis of 3-Aryl-2H-chromene Derivatives as Potential Bone Anabolic Agents
Authors: Khanka Sonu , Rawat Kundan S. , Singh Divya , Goel Atul , Pandey Priyanka , Pal Shyamal , Vats Ravi P. , Rathur Rajat , Sharma Kriti , Dipali Divya
Published: December 2024

In a quest to identify new osteogenic agents, a new series of 3-aryl-2H-chromene derivatives were rationally designed based on natural isoflavonoids and synthesized through ring transformation of 2H-pyran-2-ones with 3-acetyl-2H-chromene derivatives. From primary screening, five compounds were found to be active in osteoblast differentiation. Among these, the most active compound, 3-(7-methoxy-2H-chromen-3-yl)-5-piperidin-1-ylbiphenyl-4-carbonitrile, showed significantly enhanced calcium nodule formation at 1 pM and 100 pM, and increased osteoblast cell viability. Western blotting experiments indicate that this chromene upregulated osteogenic marker genes such as RUNX2, BMP2, and Type 1 col at the transcriptional and translational levels at concentrations of 1 pM and 100 pM. Furthermore, it decreased osteoblast cell apoptosis at 1 pM and 100 pM, while increasing cell survival in serum-deprived conditions. All these results suggested that the compound has great potential as a bone anabolic agent to improve bone health.
Attachment-Retained versus Clasp-Retained Removable Partial Dentures: Effects of Retention on Patient Satisfaction
Authors: Dula Linda J. , Kelmendi Tringa Z. , Shala Kujtim , Staka Gloria , Pustina- Krasniqi Teuta , Kosumi Shera
Published: December 2024

Objectives To compare the retention and patient satisfaction of attachment-retained versus clasp-retained removable partial dentures (RPDs) over time and to evaluate the impact of retention force on patient satisfaction.

Materials and Methods This study included 107 patients with 130 RPDs at the University Dentistry Clinical Center, Prishtina, Kosovo. Patients were divided into two groups: clasp-retained RPDs (n = 79) and attachment-retained RPDs (n = 51). RPD retention forces were measured using a dynamometer, and satisfaction was evaluated using a questionnaire covering retention, stability, chewing ability, aesthetics, oral hygiene maintenance, speech, and pain/discomfort on a Likert scale from 1 (complete dissatisfaction) to 5 (complete satisfaction). Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's α. Descriptive statistics and the independent-samples Kruskal–Wallis test were used for analysis, with pairwise comparisons and Spearman's rho correlation for additional insights.

Results Attachment-retained RPDs demonstrated superior retention, with mean scores decreasing from 5.43 to 4.40 over 3 months, compared with clasp-retained RPDs, which decreased from 4.02 to 3.23. Satisfaction scores also favored attachment-retained RPDs, dropping from 4.96 to 3.96, while clasp-retained RPDs decreased from 4.05 to 3.44. Cronbach's α indicated high reliability (α = 0.952). The Kruskal–Wallis test showed significant differences in retention and satisfaction between the two RPD types (p < 0.0001). Pairwise comparisons indicated significant declines over time for both types. Spearman's rho correlation analysis revealed strong positive relationships between retention force and satisfaction scores, with correlation coefficients of 0.574 for clasp-retained and 0.522 for attachment-retained RPDs (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion Attachment-retained RPDs offer higher and more stable retention and greater patient satisfaction compared with clasp-retained RPDs over the initial months of use. The significant positive correlation between retention force and patient satisfaction underscores the importance of optimizing retention in RPD design.
The Relationship of HbA1c Serum Levels with the Severity of Periodontal Disease in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Costa Rosana , Câmara Marco Infante da , Figueira Fernando , Pacheco José Júlio , Pereira Catarina , Gonçalves Maria , Relvas Marta
Published: December 2024

Objective According to the evidence, the level of glycemic control is of key importance in determining the increased risk of periodontal disease (PD). The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of metabolic control as a key factor leading to the development and severity of periodontitis and compare the periodontal and oral hygiene status with the glycated hemoglobin levels.

Materials and Methods The evaluation was undertaken with diabetic patients (59 uncontrolled diabetics and 36 controlled diabetics) from a patient cohort of the Hospitalar Center of Tâmega e Sousa and subjects without diabetes (n = 95).

Statistical Analysis The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics software (Statistical Program for Social Sciences), version 29.0 for Windows. In the logistic regression analysis, odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. The significance level was set at 0.05.

Results Periodontal parameters were increased in systemically compromised individuals especially those who were poorly controlled as compared with their healthy counterparts, which are important indicators of PD progression. Furthermore, uncontrolled type 1 diabetic mellitus (T1DM) patients showed increased plaque index (PI), which predisposes these individuals to a greater degree of periodontal destruction and tooth loss. Using a binary logistic regression, we observe a significant relation of the risk of severe periodontitis in T1DM subjects with family history of T1DM (p = 0.019; OR: 3.36; 95% CI: 1.22–9.21), alcohol consumption (p = 0.02; OR: 3.78; 95% CI: 1.23–11.63), periodontal probing depth (PPD) (p < 0.001; OR: 3.64; 95% CI: 14.74–90.34), and clinical attachment loss (p = 0.033; OR: 4.71; 95% CI: 1.13–19.59).

Conclusion Increased glycated hemoglobin levels were positively related with periodontal status. Uncontrolled systemically compromised individuals showed an increased Plaque index (PI), which predisposes to greater periodontal inflammation and tooth loss. Increased clinical attachment level, Periodontal probing depth (PPD) and family history of T1DM, and alcohol consumption were identified as potential risk factors for severe periodontitis in subjects with T1DM.
Effect of the intermolecular exchange interaction of the librons of solid oxygen
Authors: Gaididei Yu. B. , Loktev V. M. , Ostrovskii V. S. , Prikhot’ko A. F.
Published: December 2024

We have calculated the spectrum of the homogeneous libronic vibrations in solid O2. It is shown that the exchange interaction of the O2 molecules represents a significant portion of the intermolecular noncentral forces. Taking it into account has a radical effect on the frequencies of the Ag, B81 and Eg librons (or α-O2 and β-O2, respectively. The Raman intensities were also calculated for the librons and we have analyzed their temperature behavior. The isotopic shifts of the libron frequencies are discussed, as well as the mechanisms underlying the different widths for the Ag and Bg scattered lines.
Quasiparticle tunneling in superconducting films
Authors: Asadov A. K. , Mikheenko P. N.
Published: December 2024

It is shown experimentally that in a two-dimensional collection of bound superconducting granules random trajectories, along which quasiparticle tunneling can form, accompanied by the appearance of an energy gap, occur. The effects associated with the flow of vortices, which create a potential on the tunneling line and form resistive and normal domains in its vicinity, are distinguished. The voltage oscillations on the current-voltage characteristic of a film near the region of manifestation of the gap are explained.
Thermopower of copper in a magnetic field
Authors: Sobol’ V. R. , Matveev V. N.
Published: December 2024

An inversion of the sign of the thermopower has been found in thermomagnetic measurements at liquid helium temperatures, of the temperature dependence of the thermopower, and for T < 5 °K the thermopower is negative. The transverse magnetic field was outside the special directions on the stereographic projection. For orientations of the magnetic field leading to open orbits and at the center of the two-dimensional open region, the thermopower at T = 4−5 °K is positive.
Direct observation of Abrikosov vortex lattice in niobium bicrystal
Authors: Belokon’ I. A. , Vinnikov L. Ya.
Published: December 2024

Employing the method of decorating with dispersed ferromagnetic particles, we have studied the magnetic structure of a niobium bicrystal. Optical treatment of the pictures has provided information about the geometry, vortex lattice parameters on either side of the boundary, and the relation between the vortex lattice and the crystal lattice; the distinctive features of the magnetic structure near the boundary have also been studied. The results are discussed in terms of the determining role of the anisotropy of the superconducting properties of niobium with respect to vortex pinning by the boundary between crystallites.
Features of the phase of quantum oscillations in the thermopower of bismuth–antimony alloys
Authors: Galev V. N. , Kul’bachinskiĭ V. A. , Sidorenko N. A. , Skipidarov S. Ya. , Tsvetkova N. A.
Published: December 2024

Investigations have been carried out on Shubnikov–de Haas type quantum oscillations (QO) of the thermopower coefficient αzz (H) in single-crystal bismuth–antimony alloys at temperatures of 6−7° K in a longitudinal magnetic field. A phase shift by an amount reaching 1/4 period was found in the αzz(H) and ρzz(H) oscillation curves, and both for electrons as for holes the features corresponding to the minimum in the oscillatory contribution were shifted in high fields relative to the emergence of the Landau levels. It was established that inversion of the phase of thermopower oscillations is possible as a result of intervalley scattering of charge carriers of the band–band type in semimetals. It is suggested that such a mechanism for oscillations to arise can be responsible for amplitude anomalies in QO of αzz (H).
Polaron effects in systems with local pairs
Authors: Pedan A. G.
Published: December 2024

The influence of polaron effects on the interaction energy W2 and bandwidth W1 of local electron pairs (bipolarons) are studied. The cases of interaction of electrons with local, polarization and acoustic phonons are analyzed. Analytic expressions are obtained for W1 and W2. It is shown that W2 ≫ W1 in the case when the energy of attraction between electrons is much larger than the characteristic phonon energy. The relationship with the experimental data is discussed.
Regular and chaotic states of the spiral structure in an external field
Authors: Beloshapkin V. V. , Zaslavskiĭ G. M. , Tret’yakov A. G.
Published: December 2024

The effect of an external field on the structural states of a discrete model of a spiral at zero temperature is traced. A mapping, which relates the orientation of the nearest-neighbor particles, is constructed. The mapping can be compared with the equivalent, nonlinear, dynamic system. The transition into the uniform state is studied for small values of the modulation wave vector in the resonance approximation. The possible trajectories of the equivalent system are analyzed for different parameters of the model and corresponding types of structures. As the strength of the external field is varied, the wave vector of the ground state passes through a sequence of values of the “Devil’s staircase” type. The dynamic stability and the spectrum of small oscillations of incommensurate and chaotic structures is studied.
Effect of the superconducting transition on the plasticity of in situ multifilamentary copper–niobium composites
Authors: Dotsenko V. I. , Kislyak I. F. , Petrenko V. T. , Startsev V. I. , Tikhonovskiĭ M. I.
Published: December 2024

The effect of the superconducting transition on the plasticity of in situ Cu–Nb multifilamentary composites has been studied. The rate of jumplike deformation is shown to increase in the normal state; this may be explicable within the framework of the thermomechanical instability of plastic flow at low temperatures. The magnitude of the softening effect, measured on both the as cast and annealed samples, correlates with the sensitivity of the flow stress to the strain rate. This is an indication of the dynamic nature of the softening effect.
Josephson properties of Nb film bridges with controllable critical current
Authors: Lukashenko A. V. , Shablo A. A. , Bondarenko S. I.
Published: December 2024

The current–voltage characteristics and the temperature dependences of the critical current and normal resistance have been studied on thin-film niobium bridges, obtained by a controlled application of current pulses to the bridge. Bridges with critical currents Ic ≲ 100 μ A are shown to possess very distinct Josephson properties. A planar de SQUID with a flux resolution of δΦ ≃ l.l · 10−4Φ0/Hz1/2 has been fabricated.
Comparison of the phonon spectra of Be and UBe13
Authors: Zhernov A. P. , Trenin A. E.
Published: December 2024

A comparison of the phonon spectra of Be and UB13 provides a basis for assuming that the dynamic interaction between Be atoms in Be and in the compound UB13 is of the same nature.
Effect of a magnetic field on the characteristics of NbN microbridges
Authors: Antonova E. A. , Lykov A. N. , Motulevich G. P. , Sukhov V. A. , Tikhanskii M. V.
Published: December 2024

The effect of an applied magnetic field on the current–voltage characteristics (IVC) of NbN microbridges is studied. It is established that a magnetic field of strength ∼ 1 kOe has virtually no effect on IVC of the bridges, and the dependence of the critical current of the microbridges on the field intensity has an oscillatory character. The experimental results are explained with the help of the vortex model taking into account the pinning of Abrikosov vortices on inhomogeneities in the film. It is shown that in a magnetic field the size of the potential well of the pinning centers decreases.
Bernoulli effect in superconducting indium
Authors: Tszyan Yu. N. , Shevchenko O. G.
Published: December 2024

The potential quadratic in the current and arising between two superconductors that are not in a state of thermodynamic equilibrium with one another is measured. This nonequilibrium situation is realized with the help of periodic variation of the chemical potential of one of the superconductors (indium) by pumping with an alternating current. The measurements were performed at temperatures close to the critical temperature (T−Tc = 5 mK), which made it possible to separate the correction to the Bernoulli potential containing the electron-phonon interaction constant.
Effect of the superconducting transition on unstable low-temperature deformation of metals
Authors: Malygin G. A.
Published: December 2024

The thermal instability model is used to analysis the effect of the superconducting transition on the stability of low-temperature plastic deformation of metals. According to this model, the experimentally observed ambiguous effect of the superconducting state on the stability of the deformation is due to a number of factors, in particular the fact that besides the thermophysical characteristics of the material the temperature dependence of the flow stress can also change in the S state. A comparison of the results of the theory with experimental data for Al, Nb, and Pb permits the conclusion that the thermal mechanism correctly predicts the thermal and strain-rate conditions for stepwise deformation of these metals in the N and S states.
Heat capacity of the NbSe2–hydrogen system
Authors: Chashka Kh. B. , Obolenskiĩ M. A. , Beletskiĩ V. I. , Beĩlinson V. N.
Published: December 2024

Measurements have been made of the heat Capacity of niobium diselenide NbSe2, with large proportions of hydrogen introduced, x = 0.1 and 0.2 at. %. It is shown that the Fermi level in NbSe2 is shifted relative to the maximum in the density of d-states in the direction of lower energies. The experimentally measured change in the electron contribution to the specific heat, to the Debye temperature, and to the electron–phonon interaction provide a basis for assuming that on introducing hydrogen in the amounts indicated, a distortion of the phonon spectrum takes place, accompanied by an appreciable reduction in the contribution from low-frequency modes.
Features on the IVC of Tc–Ag point contacts at different temperatures
Authors: Zakharov A. A. , Tsetlin M. B.
Published: December 2024

The current-voltage characteristics (IVC) and the derivatives σ = dI/dV and d2I/dV2 of technetium–silver point contacts at temperatures T higher and lower than the critical temperature of technetium Tc are studied. For T < Tc a gap feature of the tunneling type and a minimum of the amplitude of several percent, whose position on the voltage axis V0 lies above the frequency of the maximum of the point contact electron-phonon interaction function of technetium by an amount of the order of the energy gap, are observed in the dependence σ(V). As the temperature is raised the minimum shifts toward lower energies. When the contact transforms into the normal state a point contact spectrum of the electron-phonon interaction of low intensity is observed on dσ/dV, indicating that the current flow in the point contact is diffusive.
Phase diagram of CO–Ar. The detection of a critical point
Authors: Prokhvatilov A. I. , Yantsevich L. D.
Published: December 2024

The phase diagram of the equilibrium CO–Ar system has been studied by an x-ray diffraction method. It was established that a monotectoid transformation exists in this system, in addition to the eutectoid transformation found earlyer by Barrett and Meyer. It is shown that a region above the monotectoid transformation temperature (T = 56.2° K) contains two phases with the same hexagonal symmetry, differing appreciably in the lattice volumes and, evidently, in the short-range orientational order. This region is limited from above by the existence curve with a critical concentration point at T = 59.5±0.5° K. It follows from the experiments carried out that supercritical homogeneous hcp solutions can supercool under certain conditions down to helium temperatures.
Theory of relaxation of electronic and nuclear spins in two-level systems
Authors: Gladkov S. O.
Published: December 2024

The damping coefficients of the electronic and nuclear spin waves in ferromagnets are calculated for scattering of waves by two-level centers. It is shown that in the presence of such centers the magnon system cools rapidly right down to the temperature of nuclear ordering.
Spectral studies of the structural deformation of CsMnCI3 and [NH3(CH2)2NH3]MnCI4 antiferromagnetic crystals in the vicinity of self-localized excitons
Authors: Shapiro V. V. , Smushkov V. I. , Matyushkin É. V.
Published: December 2024

The fine structure of optical luminescence spectra and its excitations in NH3(CH2)2NH3MnCl4 and CsMnCl3 antiferromagnetic crystals have been studied in the temperature range 4.2−20.4° K. The luminescence spectrum of these compounds has been found to display anomalously large splitting (large compared to excitation spectra) of the 4Γ4(4G)⇄6Γ1(6S) transition band. The degeneracy of the lowest excited electron state is shown to be lifted as a result of the departure of the Mn–Cl structure from a regular octahedron. The considerable increase of the splitting in the luminescence spectrum as compared to the excitation spectrum is attributable to an intensification of trigonal and orthorhombic distortions as a consequence of exciton self-localization.
Effect of weak localization and interaction of carriers in graphite fibers
Authors: Brandt N. B. , Kul’bachinskii V. A. , Nikitina O. M. , Chudinov S. M.
Published: December 2024

It is shown for the first time that the galvanomagnetic properties of carbon fibers in the temperature range 0.05 K ≤ T ≤ 300 K and in magnetic fields up to 8.5 T can be explained completely by quantum corrections to the conductivity for the two-dimensional case. The interelectronic interaction constant, the diffusion coefficient, and the relaxation time of the phase of the carrier wave function are calculated.
The TEI Processing Model
Authors: Boot Peter
Published: December 2024

The TEI Processing Model (PM) is a TEI (Text Encoding Initiative) facility that can be used to give
a declarative description of the expected behaviour associated with TEI XML elements. The
paper will introduce the model and its implementation in TEI Publisher. It will go on to discuss
a number of real-life edition requirements that the current model cannot handle. It will propose
extensions to the model to deal with those requirements. Among these are: (i) being able to associate
multiple behaviours with an element, such as in the case of a page break rendered as an image that
is also a link (which could be handled by nesting associated behaviours); (ii) being able to generate
new content, such as headers (could also be handled by nesting); (iii) sorting of output (which
would require a new parameter); and (iv) more modularity in the PM (which could be handled by
facilitating switching to another set of PM definitions). The paper will also argue that
it is conceptually and practically not a good idea to define the PM as part of the schema
specification and propose an alternative. The common aim of these proposals is to diminish
the need for procedural coding in the creation of editions.
Play Ball with SVG and XSLT
Authors: Holman G. Ken
Published: December 2024

The Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) graphic Extensible Markup Language (XML) format is highly capable of describing complex images in a single SVG file. The author encountered a real-world requirement to align multiple SVG images with precise spatial relationships. Multiple output XML files are used to create physical objects that, themselves, had to be aligned precisely.
Addressing this challenge
reduced the number of source SVG files to one. An automated process readily and reliably produces the many required multiple output SVG files. The author divined and imposed simple declarative techniques on top of existing constructs in the Inkscape SVG authoring tool. Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations (XSLT) stylesheets were developed to interpret these declarative constructs.
This interpretation massages the single design SVG XML file to create the required dozens of individual review and production SVG XML files.
These declarative techniques were written for one project and then proven using a second project. The tools implementing these techniques are freely available on GitHub.
Microstructure, thermal analysis and stress relaxation behavior of Sn-1.5Ag-0.5Cu alloys with multiple strengthening mechanisms
Authors: Eid Nora Ahmed , Alsnani Hind , El-Daly A A , Ibrahiem A.A.
Published: December 2024

High stress relaxation (SR) stability enables low-silver Sn-1.5Ag-0.5Cu (SAC155) to serve well as a Pb-free alloys for microelectronic industry. From the viewpoint of simultaneous regulation of microstructure and precipitates, micro-alloyed with In, Bi, and Te was proposed to improve the SR resistance and thermal behavior of SAC155 alloy in this work. The results suggest that SR can develop at low initial stress (σo) levels, even below the yield strength (YS) at 25 °C. A peak effect on SR limit and stability in Sn-1.5Ag-0.5Cu-3Bi-0.2Te (SAC-BiTe) and Sn-1.5Ag-0.5Cu-3Bi-2In (SAC-BiIn) solders was associated with formation of multiple coarsening-resistant strengthening phases: (i) Bi precipitated particles, (ii) Bi atoms in solid solution and (iii) SnTe, Ag2In, Ag3Sn, Cu6Sn5, and InSn4 phases. This interesting high SR resistance is attributed to the significant atomic size difference provided by In, Bi, Te, and Sn atoms, which resulted in larger misfit strain than for SAC155 solder. The inelastic deformation of SAC155, SAC-BiIn and SAC-BiTe alloys may be accurately described by the developed El-Daly empirical SR model, which is congruent with the Arrhenius power-law equation. By exploiting the cooperative strengthening phases of new alloys, microalloying significantly decreased the SAC155 pasty range (⁓4.4 °C), onset temperature (⁓5.9 °C), and melting temperature (⁓6.8 °C).