bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of An-Nawa Method-Based Learning Module for Basic-Level Quranic Literacy
Authors: Maman Maman , Wahyuddin Wawan , Hidayatullah Hidayatullah
Published: October 2024

Learning to read and write the Qur'an is fundamental to Islamic religious education. However, existing teaching methods often need to be more effective in meeting diverse learners' needs. It encourages the development of adaptive modules that meet the needs of students, such as the An-Nawa module, which adapts the Iqra and Ummi methods. This study aims to create an adaptation of the An-Nawa Module of Iqra and Ummi and assess how well it works. The research methodology employs the ten-stage Borg and Gall research and development technique. The research and development study's findings indicate that the following principles developed the An-Nawa module: analysis of educational needs, gathering pertinent data, product design that takes students' needs into account, validation demonstrating the module's viability, design revision, testing, product revision, usage testing, product revision, as well as socialization and implementation. These phases are all essential to developing a module, which also involves implementation, assessment, and revision to guarantee the module's viability and efficacy in raising students' proficiency in reading and writing the Al-Qur'an. The suggestions are to do limited testing, involve experts in the development process, and revise the module continuously to raise its quality. To guarantee that the module positively influences students' abilities to read and write the Al-Qur'an, socialization, and module execution are equally crucial.
SURGICAL STRATEGY OF TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH COMPLICATED LOCALLY ADVANCED STOMACH CANCER
Authors: Boiko V. V. , Lazirskiy V. A. , Krivorotko I. V. , Tymtshenko M. E.
Published: October 2024

Summary. Objective. Improvement of results of treatment of patients with complicated stomach cancer. Materials and methods. The analysis of the results of operative treatment of 418 patients with complicated locally expanded gastric cancer. The disease was complicated by bleeding in 252 (60.3%) patients, stenosis – in 89 (21.3%), perforation – in 15 (3.5%), their combination – in 62 (14.8%). Results. The common surgical tactics and operations were used at the group of control. The two-staged active-idividualized surgical tactic, that consist of closure by interrupted sutures at first stage and reconstructive operation at second, was used at the basic group. Radical surgery was performed in 168 (40.2%), in 250 (59.8%) – palliative and symptomatic. Postoperative complications arose to 82 patients (19.6%) and postoperative mortality to 7.2% (30 patients). Conclusion. There is the rational of using the two-staged surgical tactic. The implementation of the proposed surgical tactics and new operative interventions contributed to an increase in the number of radical operations from 62 (14.8%) in the comparison group to 106 (25.3%) in the main group and a decrease in postoperative mortality from 8.0% to 6.3%, respectively.
ASSESSMENT OF LABORATORY PARAMETERS IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE PANCREATITIS OF VARIOUS ETIOLOGIES
Authors: Formanchuk T. V.
Published: October 2024

Summary. Abstract. Acute pancreatitis remains one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide. Alcoholic and biliary factors are considered the most common causes of AP.
The aim of the study was to investigate the laboratory characteristics of patients with AP, taking into account the etiological variant of the disease.
Materials and methods: the study is retrospective. Medical records of 677 patients hospitalized for AP in two medical institutions from 2017 to 2022 were analyzed: Vinnytsia сity сlinical emergency hospital and Vinnytsia regional clinical hospital named after M.I. Pyrogov. For further study of laboratory parameters of all AP patients, they were divided into four groups depending on the etiology: alimentary, biliary, alcoholic, and postoperative. The laboratory data obtained within the first 24 hours of hospitalization were analyzed.
Results. Intergroup differences in the distribution of laboratory parameters were observed among different etiological variants of AP. Some of them showed only significant intergroup deviations within reference values, while some also deviated from the norm. Specifically, for alimentary AP, there was a significant increase in creatinine levels compared to other groups. For biliary AP, there was a significant increase in leukocyte count, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, total bilirubin, blood glucose levels, and a significant decrease in lymphocyte count. For postoperative AP, there was a significantly the lowest level of increase of serum amylase levels, significant elevation in ALT and AST levels, and significant increase in stabs neutrophils and ESR compared to other groups.
Conclusions. Analysis of blood and urine laboratory parameters in patients with AP allowed to identify intergroup differences in their distribution for different etiological variants of AP without deviation from the norm, as well as deviations from reference values. The obtained data should be taken into account at the stage of hospitalization and the beginning of inpatient treatment of patients with AP for further stratification and development of individualized diagnostic and therapeutic programs.
POSSIBILITIES OF NON-STANDARD METHODS FOR TREATING INFECTED WOUNDS
Authors: Duzhyi I. D. , Suhodub L. F. , Bielai V. S. , Myronov P. F.
Published: October 2024

Summary. Introduction. Some representatives of the microcosm can secrete a variety of biologically active substances that have a detrimental effect on other groups of microorganisms. The geniuses of humanity noticed this, and today medicine has about 1600 antibacterial drugs. However, the struggle for survival at all levels continues. Many bacteria have become resistant to existing antibiotics. Taking this into account, the treatment of purulent-inflammatory diseases faces insurmountable difficulties. Contaminated ulcerative processes and various wounds of the legs are accompanied by suppuration, the treatment of which is extended by weeks and months. The above justifies the relevance of the problem.
Aim: to study the possibilities of using non-standard methods for treating purulent and infected wounds and ulcers.
Materials and methods. In experimental conditions (patent), we studied and tested the treatment of purulent ulcers (S=2.0–42.0 cm2) and wounds (S=22.0–48.0 cm2) in 21 patients without the use of antibiotics. Apatite polymer drainage bandages (APDB) were applied under compression conditions.
Results and discussion. The dressing was changed after 12–24–48 hours, depending on the exudation level. The clinical effect was observed from the 4th day. Epithelization of wound surfaces was observed on days 14–21, of ulcerative defects – on days 18–32.
Conclusions. APDB based on zinc oxide may be an alternative to existing standard treatment methods for purulent diseases.
Funding. This study was carried out with grant support from the National Research Foundation of Ukraine (project No. 2023.04/0109).
CLINICAL PROFILE OF FEMALE PATIENTS WITH INVOLUTIONAL CHANGES IN THE FACIAL AND NECK SKIN
Authors: Bondarev R. V. , Logvinov E. O.
Published: October 2024

Objective. To assess the clinical profile of female patients with complaints of involutional changes in the face and neck planning to undergo contouring surgery for facial/neck correction.
Materials. This study is based on a prospective analysis of 210 fe-male patients with involutional changes in the face and neck who consulted an aesthetic surgeon.
Results. The mean age of the patients was (52.51±4.94) years (range 36-65). The majority were middle-aged (46-65 years) – 92.86%. Women aged 36-45 years most often considered the upper third of the face as problematic, those aged 46-55 years focused on the middle/lower third of the face, and those aged 56-65 years identified the middle part of the face and neck as problem areas. The average score for subjective assessment of facial involution was 3.35 points (range 2-4). Younger patients rated the severity of their facial changes with lower scores, while patients over 55 years old tended to choose a score of four. Four typical morphotypes of facial aging were identified: tired or gravitational morphotype (27.14%), fine-wrinkled morphotype (17.14%), deformational morphotype (35.71%), and combined morphotype (20.0%).
Conclusions. The majority of patients (88.6%) indicated that problematic areas involved various thirds of the face: the middle third of the face (60.47%), the lower third of the face (43.81%), and the neck (24.28%). Younger patients rated the severity of involutional changes in their face with lower scores, whereas a significant number of patients over 55 years old chose a score of four. The first type of Glogau aging was most common among patients with a fine-wrinkled morphotype, the second type with a gravitational morphotype, and the third and fourth types with a deformational morphotype.
TREATMENT OF TROPHIC COMPLICATIONS IN DECOMPENSATED FORMS OF IMPAIRED ARTERIAL BLOOD CIRCULATION OF THE LOWER EXTREMITIES
Authors: Boyko V. V. , Merkulov A. O. , Shevchenko O. M. , Zelenova G. V. , Tkach S. V. , Radchenko M. V.
Published: October 2024

Summary. The aim of the study was to study the clinical effectiveness of using the developed method of cryopreservation on wound surfaces using a cryopreservation device. Materials and methods. 87 patients with ulcerative-necrotic defects of the lower legs and feet were selected for the study. The condition for inclusion in the study was Phase I of the wound process. Patients were divided into the main and comparison groups. The main group included 41 patients who had their wounds cleaned according to the proposed method, and the comparison group consisted of 46 patients who underwent surgical treatment. Results. The use of cryodestruction of the surface of trophic ulcers of arterial etiology led to rapid cleaning of necrotic masses, fibrin, a decrease in exudation and pain intensity, and the disappearance of unpleasant odors. The effectiveness of the methods lies in the fact that not only necrotic components of the wound surface, fibrin films, as well as the surface layers of ulcer surface cells are destroyed, that is, phenotypically altered cells of the wound edge and base are removed, leading to a violation of regeneration processes.
Conclusions. Debridment methods based on the use of controlled cryodestruction of pathological tissues on the surface of trophic ulcers accelerate the transition of the wound process to phase II by 25% in patients with trophic ulcers with critical ischemia of the lower extremities.
MAIN MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THROMBI FORMED IN CORONARY ARTERIES
Authors: Besh D. I.
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Purpose: to explore the features of the structure of intracoronary thrombi obtained during manual thromboaspiration as part of primary percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).
Materials and Methods. The study included 100 patients with STEMI. All of them underwent stenting preceded by manual thromboaspiration. The obtained material was fixed in formalin and stained with hematoxylin-eosin and orange-red-blue (Zerbino- Lukasiewicz method).
Results. Based on the fibrin age assessment, the thrombi were old or fresh. Some thrombi showed signs of organization in the form of microchannels. Homogeneous and layered thrombi were distinguished by structure. Sometimes there were pronounced signs of neutrophil infiltration, mainly along the periphery of the thrombus. Occasionally, components of atherosclerotic plaque were found in intracoronary thrombi. Most often these were cholesterol crystals and foam cells.
Conclusions. Intracoronary thrombi formed in STEMI have different ages and different structural features. This is probably due to the peculiarities of the pathogenesis of the disease.
EXPERIENCE IN THE TREATMENT OF PROXIMAL HUMERUS FRACTURES
Authors: Dunai А. А.
Published: October 2024

Summary. The article presents the experience of treatment of fractures of the proximal humerus on the basis of the trauma department of “Kryvyi Rih City Clinical Hospital №2”. In the period from 2014. by 2024, 103 patients were hospitalized. Of these, 24 patients were treated conservatively - immobilization with a bandage or plaster bandage of the Deso type or a bandage bandage was used. 79 patients underwent surgery - depending on the type of fracture, as well as on the patient’s abilities, L-shaped, T-shaped plates and plates with angular stability of the “Philos” type were used. Most patients who underwent various types of osteosynthesis had good and satisfactory results.
FEATURES OF ANTIBACTERIAL AND LYMPHOTROPIC THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH PLEURAL EMPYEMA
Authors: Boyko V. V. , Tkachenko V. V. , Yevtushenko D. O. , Sochneva A. L. , Kritsak V. V. , Korzh P. I. , Minukhin D. V. , Khashina V. O. , Serenko A. A.
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Acute empyema belongs to the category of severe surgical pathology. The difficulty of its treatment is caused by a number of objective and subjective reasons, in particular such as wide spread of antibiotic-resistant microflora and population allergy. Carefully collected analysis, patient’s examination, study of lungs function indicators, data of laboratory and X-ray studies, performing of serological, immunological and allergic tests do not always allow to identify the cause of acute empyema and are often not sufficient to identify its etiology. In spite of a great number of proposed methods of acute pleural empyema treatment, study of long-term results of all types of treatment shows that they do not guarantee 100% success. The outlined data indicates the necessity of improvement of etiotropic therapy in patients with pleural empyema. Constant search for new effective methods of treatment of the aimed pathology proves the relevance of the theme. The data outlined in this article indicates the necessity of improvement of etiotropic therapy in patients with pleural empyema.
REVIEW OF MODERN METHODS OF REDUCING THE COMPUTATIONAL COMPLEXITY OF IMAGE RECOGNITION IN COMPUTER-ASSISTED SURGERY
Authors: Kovalov O.
Published: October 2024

Abstract. The article is devoted to the review of modern methods of reducing the computational complexity of image recognition in computer-assisted surgery. The problem of computational complexity can adversely affect the image recognition process, slowing it down and reducing its accuracy. Given the relevance of existing image recognition technologies in surgery, a number of methods for reducing computational complexity are considered, based on existing scientific research. Calculations are presented, examples of the use of the proposed methods are considered. The research is the basis for further study of optimised methods and their integration into surgical practice.
Investigating Tertiary Education Students’ Self-Efficacy and Willingness towards Using Online Collaborative Tools for Learning in Kogi State Tertiary Institutions
Authors: Eleojo Haruna, Josephine , Adebayo Tolorunleke Emmanuel , Ohunene Omuya Florence
Published: October 2024

Online Collaborative tools are computer software designed to help people involved in a common task achieve their goals. Descriptive survey design was used for the study. The study is aimed at Investigating Tertiary Education Students Self-Efficacy and Willingness towards using Online Collaborative Tools for Learning in Kogi State Tertiary Institutions The population of this study comprises all tertiary students of the five (5) selected tertiary institutions in Kogi State. The target population for this study was tertiary education students of the Faculty of Education, Sciences and Arts in selected Federal and State Tertiary institutions in Kogi state. A sample size of four hundred and eighty (480) respondents were sampled using Researchers’ Advisors Model (2006). The findings revealed that there is no significant difference in the opinions of respondents (students) on the available online collaborative tools for learning among tertiary education student in Kogi State Tertiary Institutions. This is because the computed probability is 0.701 which is higher that the p-value of 0.05 level of significance. In conclusion, it was suggested that, among other things that there should be available online collaborative tools for learning among tertiary education student in Kogi State Tertiary Institutions. The study further recommended that tertiary education students should be trained to use online collaborative tools for learning purposes in Kogi State Tertiary Institutions.
Self-Regulated Learning as a Predictor of Student Academic Motivation and Self-Efficacy
Authors: Onwubiko Emmanuel Chidiadi
Published: October 2024

In education, the learner is central and the process through which he or she learns is paramount. To this end, various methods have been designed as to ensuring that the learner is at the best when it comes to academic performance and survival in the wider society. One of these methods is to assist students have full control of their behaviors, emotions and thoughts with viewing to successfully go through their learning experience and this is , what self-regulated learning (SRL) is all about. This chapter therefore, takes a look at SRL as a predictor of student academic motivation and self-efficacy with emphasis on self-regulated learning as a concept, student motivation, self-efficacy, SRL as a predictor to motivation and self-efficacy and by extension student academic performance.
Effects of Hidden Costs of Fee-Free Education On Students Academic Attainment in Public Secondary Schools in Karatu District, Tanzania
Authors: Ahho Luka , Umeodum Henry C.
Published: October 2024

This study aimed at investigating the effects of hidden costs of fee-free education on students’ academic attainment in ordinary level secondary schools in Karatu district, Tanzania. The study employed convergent research resign which used both qualitative and quantitative designs. The study was conducted in 14 public secondary schools selected randomly from 31 public secondary schools in the Karatu district. The sample size was 318, consisting of form four students selected using systematic random sampling whereas fourteen parents, fourteen Head of School’s and fourteen Ward Executive Officers were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires and semi structured interview guide. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics while qualitative data were analyzed thematically. The study found that hidden costs had severe effects on students’ academic attainment. Other negative phenomena found to result from hidden costs include truancy and lack of concentration in class. Based on the findings the study concludes that there are serious negative consequences associated with hidden costs and consequently, in free education provision, hidden costs can be counterproductive, potentially able to decrease the chances of attaining the objectives of free education provision. The study recommends that strategies in free education provision should further expand to counterbalance costs of education. Strategies targeted at enhancing general improvements in people’s wellbeing and livelihood are also measures required to enhance the capacity of parents to shoulder the burden of education.
Traditional Vs Modern: Effect of Cultural Dimensions on Tourist Buying Intentions in the Context of Tourism Marketing
Authors: Alsaggaf Mohammed Ahmad
Published: October 2024

This empirical study delves into the intersection of cultural dimensions and tourist revisit intentions within the green restaurant sector. Leveraging co-variance-based Structural Equation Modelling (CB-SEM) to test hypotheses, the research scrutinizes data collected from 326 tourists who participated in an online survey after visiting green restaurants. The analysis aims to uncover how various cultural dimensional factors—such as collectivism, power distance, and uncertainty avoidance—play a crucial role in shaping tourists’ decisions to revisit environmentally friendly dining establishments. Preliminary findings suggest that cultural dimensions significantly influence revisit intentions, with particular nuances that could inform targeted marketing strategies for green restaurants aiming to enhance customer loyalty and promote sustainable dining practices. This study not only contributes to the broader understanding of consumer behaviour in the context of sustainable tourism but also offers practical insights for restaurant managers and marketers seeking to align their offerings with the cultural preferences of their clientele.
Market Research as The Architect of Informed Marketing Planning and Decision Making in Business Organization: A Literature Review
Authors: Nwodo Sylvanus Ike , Dike Onwubiko N.
Published: October 2024

This study is focused on market research as the architect of informed marketing planning and decision making in business organizations. The objectives of the study are to critically and contextually examine the development of a company or business through proper planning, organization and control of both human and material resources to satisfy all specific needs within the market at the right time, ascertain the satisfaction of customer’s specific needs through required product or service which should comply with a customer’s requirements and preferences when consumed, determine the economical degree of success or failure a company can have while being new to the market or otherwise introducing new products or services , thus providing certainty to all actions to be implemented, and determine the orientation or disposition of small-scale business owners/operators in terms of customer orientation versus company/profit orientation. The study identifies and exploits market research and its components, business needs for market research, business failure, marketing planning and marketing decision-making; highlights methods / techniques of conducting market research, examples of market research and the best practices for market research to deliver value to organizations that help shape strategy, uncover opportunities, reducing uncertainty and make data-driven decisions and a razor-sharp focus on efficient growth. The findings of the study are that new product development and launch needs adequate market research, the final design of a product and its positioning needs market research, market research only works when subjects are honest and open to participating and the viability of a new product and how it might perform in the real world is dependent on market research, and that the small business owners claim to be alert to customer complaints and are market-driven, among others. The study concluded that market research is vital in today’s business landscape as it is the compass that guides product development, marketing campaigns and expansion efforts, ensuring resources are invested wisely. We, therefore, recommended that management of organizations should use the result of market research to inform the final design of the product and determine how it will be positioned in the market place, and management of organizations should also take note that the whole business activities must be preceded with market research, and sales forecasting to provide a sound, factual, consumer-oriented basis for planning business processes, and marketing practitioners must play the leading role in this direction, among others.
Influencer Marketing and Consumer Engagement: The Role of Food Experts in Shaping Attitudes Towards Organic Products
Authors: Kallioupi Rafailia Nikoletta , Strigas Athanassios , Vliamos Spyros J.
Published: October 2024

The Covid-19 pandemic has spurred a consumer trend toward embracing healthier lifestyles and diets. Leveraging primary studies centered on influencer marketing and its influence on consumer behavior, this study aims to scrutinize and evaluate the effect of Food Expert Influencers on consumers' attitudes towards organic products. Our conceptual model, utilizing the theory of social comparison, contributes to formulating hypotheses based on which specific characteristics of Food Expert Influencers are capable of influencing and impacting consumer behavior towards organic foods. On the basis of survey data collected from 306 respondents, structural equation modeling was employed to test our hypotheses and measure the proposed conceptual model. The results indicated that influencers' sexual orientation, appealing lifestyle, specialized knowledge in a particular domain, personal traits like beauty or sex appeal, and their follower count exert a considerable influence on consumer behavior, notably fostering positive attitudes towards organic products. These findings hold substantial theoretical implications, offering crucial insights for marketing strategies in the organic food products sector, as well as for corporate social responsibility. They underscore the importance of carefully selecting influencers who resonate with the target demographics and can forge authentic connections with them. Moreover, the results suggest that harnessing the credibility of Food Experts of Influence (FEIs) can influence consumer behavior and potentially bolster the sales of organic products.
Correlation of Rock and Blast Properties with Elevated Quarry Floor and their Effects on Mining Costs
Authors: Alaba Olorunnipa , Babatunde Adebayo
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the relationships between rock properties, blasting parameters, and their impact on quarry floor elevation and mining costs at Mount Olives quarry. Rock properties (uniaxial compressive strength, tensile strength, density) and blasting parameters (blast hole diameter, explosive type, stemming length) were analyzed. Statistical models correlated rock, blast, and quarry floor properties. Results showed significant correlations between rock properties and blasting parameters, affecting quarry floor elevation and mining costs. Compressive strength and tensile strength influenced blast energy, while rock density impacted quarry floor stability. Mining costs were predicted using statistical models incorporating rock and blast properties. This research demonstrates the importance of understanding rock and blast interactions in optimizing quarry operations and reducing mining costs. The findings provide valuable insights for quarry managers, blasting engineers, and geotechnical professionals.
Leveraging Artificial Intelligence in Enhancing Identity and Access Management (IAM) for Court IT Systems
Authors: Dev Deepthi Kallahakalu Vijay
Published: October 2024

As judicial systems worldwide embrace digital transformation, the need to integrate advanced technologies into court operations has become more urgent than ever. This shift has revolutionized case management, stakeholder communication, and record-keeping, significantly enhancing the efficiency, transparency, and accessibility of judicial processes. However, with these advancements comes the critical need to protect sensitive data, such as personal details, case evidence, and legal documents, from unauthorized access and cyber threats. This white paper explores the pivotal role of Identity and Access Management (IAM) in securing court IT systems [1]. IAM, as a gatekeeper, not only plays a crucial role in protecting sensitive data but also provides a sense of reassurance about the security of court IT systems. It ensures that only authorized individuals interact with the data and provides a comprehensive audit trail to mitigate insider threats. By offering precise, role-based access control and monitoring user activity, IAM solutions help courts protect confidential information, uphold the integrity of judicial processes, and maintain public trust.
Ethanolysis of Cao-Base Derived from Seashell for Conversion of Waste Used Oil for Biodiesel Production
Authors: Okorie Christian Chukwunonyelum , Adepoju T. F , Dike Onyebuchi Kaosisochukwu , Umeh Mmeri Loretta , Oluwadamilola Olurin , Juwon Adeboun Kazeem , Eze Bright Osagie , Amakaeze Cornelius Ifeanyi
Published: October 2024

The physicochemical properties of the waste used oil (WUO) were carried out for biodiesel production. The heterogenous catalyst (CAO based) used in this work was derived from waste seashell. The produced biodiesel was characterized and the optimum biodiesel produced was determined through statistical analysis. This was with a view to add value to the WUO and finding the solution to reduction of the excess carbon release to the environment. According to the results obtained, it showed that the refined WUO properties were in line with oil property requirement for biodiesel production. The physicochemical characteristics of the WUO showed physical state of the oil to be liquid/dark brownish at 28 oC, viscosity 6.58 cP at 28 oC, acid value, 0.96 (mg KOH/g oil), FFA (% oleic acid), 0.48, iodine value, 152.00 (g I2/100g oil), peroxide value, 5.1 milli-equivalent of peroxide/kg of oil among others. The derived catalyst showed high basic strength with potassium oxide (61.63 wt.%) as the dominant element in the catalyst. Optimum biodiesel yield was obtained at run 5 with 98.52 (%wt./wt.) at reaction time of 65 min, catalyst amount of 4.0 (%wt.), reaction temperature of 70 oC, and ethanol-oil molar ratio of 7:1. The produced biodiesel properties was compared with the recommended standard ASTM D6751 and EN 14214.
Regulation of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) in Artworks by Robots and Algorithms
Authors: Raevita Febrina , Uzma Nur Lailatuka Syafa’atul , Alfarizy Muhammad
Published: October 2024

The regulation of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) in works of art by robots and algorithms is a controversial subject due to the ability of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to produce works of art that closely resemble human intelligence independently. In situations of commercial use, legal and ethical problems arise when digital works are created without the permission of the original copyright owner. The aim of this research is to determine the identification of copyright owners in the context of works of art created by robots and algorithms, as well as explain the protection of moral and commercial rights for creators of works of art that involve the use of robotic technology and algorithms. This research uses normative juridical methods and analytical descriptive approaches to analyze documents, regulations, and other reference sources related to the issue under study. The results of this research show that artificial intelligence has the ability to work independently, produce products, and make creative judgments alone. In most cases, programmers consist of individuals who enter data and algorithms. The main task of artificial intelligence is to understand and develop real results based on commands. With this, we can create an environment that supports creativity and innovation while respecting individual rights and encouraging fair and ethical use of digital works.
Conflicts and competing interests in infrastructure development: A case of N2 toll road project, wild coast, South Africa
Authors: Mambiravana Tafadzwa , Nyamahono James Donald , Budzi Joseph
Published: October 2024

The Wild Coast region in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa, is arguably the least developed area, primarily due to its historical marginalisation caused by Apartheid. To counter this underdevelopment, the current government of South Africa plans to implement a 550 km N2 Toll Road Project to link East London in the Eastern Cape with Durban in KwaZulu-Natal. The government envisions that the project will lead to spatial development through improved accessibility to resources. However, it has been criticised by many, including local communities and environmental advocacy groups, who contend that it will result in socio-ecological disasters and conflicts. Against this backdrop, this study explored the differing views and conflicts among stakeholders affected by the N2 Toll Road Project. A qualitative research approach was adopted, involving in-depth interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs) with government officials, local communities, business communities, and environmental advocacy groups. The findings indicate that the N2 Toll Road Project has generated significant controversy, with public opinion sharply divided between those who believe the road will have predominantly positive impacts and those who contend that its effects will be overwhelmingly negative. Concerns regarding the disruption of livelihoods, loss of land, destruction of socio-cultural heritage, and lack of consultation emerged as key sources of conflict among stakeholders. The study recommends the use of inclusive consultation processes and mitigation strategies to minimise conflicting ideologies among stakeholders.
Respuestas internacionales frente a la corrupción
Authors: Maúrtua de Romaña Óscar
Published: October 2024

El contexto actual ha demostrado que la corrupción es el principal mal que aqueja al Estado y se sucede de gobierno a gobierno. Es a partir de aquí que la legitimidad de los aparatos estatales se debilitan y generan inestabilidad política. La inconsistencia de los mecanismos de justicia, no son lo suficientemente vinculantes para poder regular esta mala práctica. Como bien sabemos, la corrupción es un problema que data de los inicios de las civilizaciones, pues la naturaleza humana se desarrolla en base a las oportunidades que se presentan para satisfacer sus necesidades individuales. Los esfuerzos por erradicar esta práctica del sistema internacional datan desde los inicios de las grandes civilizaciones, pues desde esas épocas, la corrupción era habitual en los que ejercían el poder. No fue hasta mediados del siglo XX, en donde se decide institucionalizar la lucha contra la corrupción, ya que se reconocieron los nefastos efectos que tenían en el desarrollo de la sociedad civil y de la economía de los países.
Corea del Norte (convencional) y el Estado Islámico (no convencional): las nuevas amenazas al orden mundial
Authors: Rodríguez Mackay Miguel Ángel
Published: October 2024

El mundo ha venido acusando un estado de tensión internacional en las últimas semanas solamente comparable a la incertidumbre vivida en el globo en 1963 durante la crisis de los misiles entre Estados Unidos y la entonces Unión Soviética en la plenitud de la denominada Guerra Fría. La diferencia con aquel episodio son los años transcurridos que han permitido un desarrollo nuclear inimaginable que solamente sospechar la inminencia de una tercera guerra mundial, sería el principio del fin de la humanidad o si prefiere el punto de quiebre de la involución de la sociedad internacional. Ningún afán alarmista debe imperar en las líneas de este ensayo para tan prestigiosa revista de la Sociedad Peruana de Derecho Internacional a la que me honro en pertenecer. Solamente el análisis del comportamiento de los actores visibles de las Relaciones Internacionales, la ciencia que estudia los fenómenos conflictuales y los procesos de carácter internacional que tienen impacto en el comportamiento del mundo y que en gran medida van decidiendo el decurso de la humanidad, nos pueden dar luces para la reflexión que iniciamos.
Comisión de Límites de Plataforma Continental de Naciones Unidas: consideraciones sobre su rol y el alcance de sus recomendaciones
Authors: Campos Maza Gian Pierre
Published: October 2024

La Convención de las Naciones Unidas sobre del Derecho del Mar de 1982 (en adelante la Convención) estableció el régimen jurídico de la plataforma continental en su Parte VI (art. 76-85) y su Anexo II (junto al Anexo II del Acta Final). Como parte de este régimen se estableció, de manera novedosa, un nuevo concepto jurídico deplataforma continental, así como la posibilidad de que los Estados, en circunstancias específicas, puedan determinar los límites de exteriores de sus respectivas plataformas continentales más allá de las 200 millas medidas desde sus costas, para lo cual debe recurrirse a un órgano de carácter técnico que mediante recomendaciones emitidas puede hacer vinculantes y obligatorias los límites exteriores de la plataforma continental de un Estado. Este nuevo órgano creado por la Convención es la Comisión de Límites de Plataforma Continental.
Aspectos Internacionales de Haya de la Torre
Authors: Pérez Sánchez-Cerro José Luis
Published: October 2024

Haya de la Torre, líder polémico y controversial, forma parte de las figuras públicas más destacadas del Perú y del continente en el siglo XX. No podemos analizar la historia del pensamiento y la práctica política de América Latina sin las ideas de Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre, ilustre intelectual y político peruano quien en el año 2000 fue elegido en una encuesta realizada por la BBC de Londres, como una de las 10 personas más influyentes en la historia y evolución de las ideas de Latinoamérica. Haya de la Torre desarrolló su más importante y decisiva tarea de orientador político y suscitador de ideas. Nunca arrió las banderas de su ideal unionista, antiimperialista y democrático y opuesto a las dictaduras de todo orden. Su historia registra una serie de antecedentes que nutrieron sustantivamente la etapa fundacional del APRA el cual es considerado como el primer partido político nacido en el Perú. Una sucesión de acontecimientos que cambiaron la historia del Perú en el siglo XX y produjeron una conmoción en la mente y el ánimo de los hombres libres, que, verdaderamente constituyeron una “la revolución de los espíritus”.
Aproximación al Derecho Constitucional Global (I): Marco conceptual
Authors: Schiappa-Pietra Cubas Oscar
Published: October 2024

La globalización es un proceso multifacético de extraordinaria intensidad y complejidad. Las fronteras físicas y la noción de soberanía estatal vienen siendo masivamente erosionadas por los embates del oleaje globalizador. Ante ello, los contenidos y las interrelaciones entre las disciplinas jurídicas y políticas, así como las compartamentalizaciones de ellas, están siendo desafiadas a abordar radicales redefiniciones. En particular, el derecho internacional y el derecho constitucional -dos disciplinas que tradicionalmente convivieron con respetuosa distancia y mínima necesaria convergencia entre sí- ahora se ven confrontadas con la ineludible necesidad de derribar sus fronteras conceptuales y reconocerse imbricadas a través del Derecho Constitucional Global. El objetivo del presente ensayo, y los que seguirán sobre el mismo tema, es el de proveer una somera revisión de las principales evidencias, tendencias, características y desafíos conceptuales sobre el proceso de formación y evolución contemporánea del orden constitucional global. En esta oportunidad nos circunscribimos a presentar un perfil inicial del marco teórico del Derecho Constitucional Global.
OMC y los desafíos del Derecho Internacional
Authors: Sierralta Ríos Aníbal
Published: October 2024

Esboza las categorías consagradas por la OMC y su impacto en el Derecho internacional. Asimismo, los nuevos desafíos que origina el crecimiento comercial.
Comunidad Andina: 50 años por el camino de la integración
Authors: Hernando Pedraza Jorge
Published: October 2024

La Comunidad Andina, posicionada como el organismo de integración más sólido en el continente, cuenta con un importante orden jurídico comunitario de 850 Decisiones y 2079 Resoluciones, cuyas características de supranacional, aplicabilidad inmediata y efecto directo le han permitido un reconocimiento en el mundo. Tras 50 años de hitos históricos, logros en beneficio del ciudadano andino, retos y desafíos para el futuro, la Comunidad Andina avanza por el camino de la integración y busca convertirse en una CAN Siglo XXI, moderna, ágil, con resultados, pero sobre todo más cercana a los 110 millones de ciudadanos de Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador y Perú.
Actividades, Documentos y Pronunciamientos (Período Mayo-Agosto de 2019)
Authors: Sociedad Peruana de Derecho Internacional
Published: October 2024

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Fiberoptic bronchoscopy for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Tang Haowei , Yuan Zhi , Li Jingjie , Wang Qun , Fan Weijie
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) causes increased time of mechanical ventilation (MV), prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) stay, and a higher mortality risk. The systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the efficacies between fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) and general sputum suction for the prevention of VAP in patients with invasive MV.
Methodology: Relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were obtained via a search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Wanfang, and CNKI databases. A random-effects model was used to pool the results if significant heterogeneity was observed. Otherwise, a fixed-effects model was used.
Results: Sixteen RCTs were included. Compared to general sputum suction, sputum suction with FOB was associated with a significantly reduced risk of VAP (risk ratio [RR]: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.47 to 0.67, p < 0.001; I2 = 0%). Subgroup analyses showed that the combination of FOB-assisted sputum suction with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) further reduced the risk of VAP as compared to FOB-assisted sputum suction alone (p for subgroup difference = 0.04). In addition, FOB-assisted treatment was also associated with a reduced MV time (mean difference [MD]: -2.19 days, 95% CI: -2.69 to -1.68, p < 0.001; I2 = 18%), a shorter ICU stay (MD: 2.9 days, 95% CI: -3.68 to -2.13, p < 0.001; I2 = 34%), and a reduced mortality risk (RR: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.24 to 0.90, p = 0.02; I2 = 0%) in patients with invasive MV.
Conclusions: FOB for sputum suction and BAL in patients with invasive MV is effective in reducing the incidence of VAP.
Efficacy of favipiravir in COVID-19: A retrospective two center comparative study
Authors: Tukenmez Tigen Elif , Mikulska Malgorzata , Erturk Sengel Buket , Signori Alessio , Dettori Silvia , Tutino Stefania , Guner Abdullah Emre , Odabasi Zekaver , Korten Volkan , Bassetti Matteo
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Favipiravir (FVP) is an antiviral, targeting RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of FVP as a treatment for COVID-19.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective study in two centers (San Martino University Hospital in Genova, Italy, and Marmara University Pendik Training and Research Hospital, Turkey). Adult patients (inpatients) diagnosed with COVID-19 between March and June 2020 were included. All patients in the Italian center received the standard of care (SoC) treatment, while in the Turkish center patients received FVP in addition to SoC.
Results: Six hundred-nineteen patients were analyzed (225 from Turkey, all treated with FVP, and 394 from Italy, none treated with FVP). Propensity score-matching was done in 142 patients (71 from the SoC group vs. 71 from the SoC + FVP group). A Higher requirement of NIV/CPAP (n = 38; 53.5%) was registered in the SoC group compared to the SoC + FVP group (n = 9; 12.7%). A higher frequency of intubation was registered in the SoC + FVP group (n = 25; 35.2% vs n = 13, 18.3%). There was a trend towards better survival in SoC + FVP treated patients with HR = 0.64 (95% CI 0.30-1.34). At 28 days the OS was, respectively, 70.3% (95% CI: 53.2-82.1) vs 80.3% (95% CI: 69.0-87.8).
Conclusions: The addition of FVP to SoC did not show a significant difference in survival and invasive and noninvasive (CPAP/NIMV) mechanical ventilation compared to standard of care in moderate and severe COVID-19-infected patients.
Identification of drug resistance-related virulence gene mutations in 667 clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates
Authors: Zhang Yu , Chen Xinchang , Wang Shiyong , Jiang Ning , Shao Lingyun , Chen Jiazhen
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Drug-resistant tuberculosis is a severe global public health threat. Virulence factors and antibiotic resistance are generally considered to play a significant role in bacterial pathogenesis. However, the interaction between resistance and virulence in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) remains unclear.
Methodology: Here, we used whole genome sequences from 667 MTB isolates from 14 countries to complete an in silico evaluation of the correlations between virulence gene mutations, drug resistance, and lineage classification. The chi-square (χ2) test was used to determine whether specific virulence gene mutations and drug resistance were related.
Results: Our results showed that Mce1R_G171R and Pks15_V333A, were positively correlated with streptomycin and ethambutol resistance, respectively, and Pks15_T46I was correlated with isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, pyrazinamide and streptomycin resistance. We also identified an additional 24 and 40 single nucleotide polymorphisms as well as 6 and 2 insertions or deletions in various virulence genes that are likely to be associated with changes in drug susceptibility in L2 and L4, respectively.
Conclusions: Taken together our data suggest that there may be some degree of co-selection between virulence and resistance factors, which may help MTB more easily adapt to new environments.
Real-world effectiveness of inactivated vaccine on COVID-19 patients with comorbidities
Authors: Zhang Hao , Yan Hua-Fang , Xiong Wu-Jun , Gao Li-Li
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Patients with underlying diseases do not respond adequately to vaccines. Thus, continued research on the effects of vaccination in patients with comorbidities is crucial to evaluate the necessity of vaccination in this population. This study assessed the protective effects of inactivated vaccines on the severity and prognosis of COVID-19 in patients with comorbidities.
Methodology: A real-world retrospective cohort study was conducted from April 7, 2022, to June 6, 2022, at the Fudan University Pudong Medical Center. The collected data included demographic characteristics, symptoms, clinical severity, and outcomes of the COVID-19 patients.
Results: A total of 3,996 indigenous confirmed cases and asymptomatic infections with the Omicron variant were enrolled. Of these, 1322 (33.1%) patients had chronic comorbidities. Compared to others, COVID-19 patients with comorbidities were older, had lower vaccination rates, longer days of nucleic acid conversion and hospitalization, and a higher incidence of severe-critical illness and composite endpoint. Multivariable analyses suggested that in the comorbidity group, two-dose- (odds ratio [OR] 0.38, 95% CI 0.24–0.60; OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.08–0.51) and three-dose vaccinated patients (OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.14–0.47; OR 0.21, 95% CI 0.08–0.58) had a lower risk of aggravation and the composite endpoint; similar results were observed in the non-comorbidity group.
Conclusion: Two or more doses of inactivated vaccines could prevent deterioration and poor prognosis in Omicron-infected patients, regardless of the presence of an underlying disease. Our findings support maximizing coverage with inactivated vaccines in highly vaccinated populations, such as those in China.