bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Letters from the Old Country”: Exploring and Defining Ukrainian Canadian Vernacular Letter Writing
Authors: Khanenko-Friesen Natalia
Published: December 2015

Ukrainian Canadians have been exchanging letters with their overseas relatives for as long as they have been in Canada. Despite the fact that transatlantic family correspondence has continued since the days of early settlement of the Ukrainians in Canada, scholars have little understanding of how this vernacular practice of modernity has been lived out by the Ukrainian Canadians. Similarly, there is even less understanding of how transatlantic letter writing has affected individuals, families, and communities on both sides of the Atlantic. This article addresses the existing gap in the scholarship with respect to the study of the immigrant letter, and offers a general overview of the phenomenon of transnational family letter writing in the Ukrainian Canadian context as well as outlining the challenges in searching and studying the letters as cultural artefacts. Les Canadiens ukrainiens ont maintenu des échanges des lettres avec leurs membres de familles outre-mer depuis qu’ils sont au Canada. Malgré le fait que cette correspondance familiale transatlantique se soit maintenue depuis le temps des premiers colons ukrainiens au Canada, les chercheurs ne saisissent pas vraiment comment ces Canadiens ont vécu une telle tradition vernaculaire sur le long terme. De même, il y a encore une faible compréhension de la manière dont cette correspondance transatlantique a affecté les personnes, les familles et les communautés des deux côtés de l’Atlantique. Cet article porte sur les lacunes dont souffre la recherche concernant l’étude des lettres d’immigrants et offre un aperçu général du phénomène de la correspondance familiale transnationale dans le contexte canadien ukrainien, ainsi que des grandes lignes des défis posés à la recherche et à l’étude de ces lettres en tant qu’objets culturels.
Framing Kurelek
Authors: Baker Marilyn
Published: December 2015

In the 1960s and 1970s William Kurelek was a widely recognized Canadian artist whose paintings were purchased for public and private collections in Canada and abroad. Kurelek was a celebrity when he died of cancer at fifty years of age in Toronto on November 3, 1977. This paper describes Kurelek’s career—focusing on his exhibition history, his illustrated books, and the role played by his art dealer, Avrom Isaacs. His exhibition history showed him to be an incredibly prolific artist, one whose art was inspired by his religious and moral passions, by the prosaic stories of ordinary Canadians, by the Canadian landscape, and by his fascination with history. His illustrated books typically consisted of paintings and drawings organized into a series designed to tell a story—a device also used for many of his exhibitions. Kurelek’s own life story, told in his own words, provided the story line for his best loved books such as A Prairie Boy’s Winter and Lumberjack . Isaacs and Kurelek formed a comfortable and useful business relationship whereby Isaacs encouraged Kurelek to paint what he wanted and made Kurelek known to the press, the public, and the Canadian art establishment. Finally, the paper reviews William Kurelek: The Messenger , the 2011 catalogue for Kurelek’s latest major retrospective exhibition. Dans les années 1960 et 1970, William Kurelek était un artiste canadien généralement reconnu, dont les tableaux ont été achetés pour les collections publiques et privées au Canada et partout dans le monde. Kurelek était une célébrité quand il est mort d’un cancer à cinquante ans à Toronto—le 3 Novembre, 1977. Ce papier décrit la carrière de Kurelek—en mettant en exergue l’histoire de ses expositions, ses livres illustrés, et le rôle qu’a joué son marchand d’art, Avrom Isaacs. L’histoire de ses expositions l’a présenté comme un artiste incroyablement prolifique, celui dont l’art a été inspiré par ses passions religieuses et morales, par les histoires prosaïques de Canadiens ordinaires, par le paysage canadien, et par sa fascination pour l’histoire. Ses livres illustrés sont constitués typiquement de peintures et de dessins organisés dans une collection destinée à raconter une histoire—un emblème a été également utilisé pour beaucoup de ses expositions. Véritable autobiographie de Kurelek dite dans ses propres mots, elle fournit une ligne historique de ses meilleurs livres les plus aimés tels que A Prairie Boy’s Winter et Lumberjack . Isaacs et Kurelek entretenaient une relation d’affaires confortable et utile au moyen de laquelle Isaacs encourageait Kurelek à peindre ce qu’il voulait et le faisait connaître par la presse, le public, et la création de l’art canadien. Enfin, le papier passe en revue William Kurelek: The Messenger , le catalogue 2011 pour la dernière grande exposition rétrospective de Kurelek.
The Ukrainian Cultural Landscape in Canada and Brazil: A Century of Change and Divergence
Authors: Lehr John C. , Cipko Serge
Published: December 2015

Between 1891 and 1914 thousands of Ukrainian peasants left their ancestral homeland in Western Ukraine to seek land on the agricultural frontiers of Western Canada and southern Brazil. Often these emigrants who left for radically different frontiers originated from the same districts and villages; some even came from the same families. The new landscapes created in Canada and Brazil by these Ukrainian pioneers reflected environmental differences between the Old World and the New. The Ukrainian landscape in Brazil showed the most immediate response to environmental change, but the isolation of the Brazilian communities meant that evidence of traditional folkways and aspects of material culture survived far longer in Ukrainian Brazilian areas than in Ukrainian Canadian communities. At the same time as these landscapes in the Ukrainian diaspora were evolving, the landscapes of the hearth area were also experiencing change. This paper is thus an attempt to consider the role of time, environmental change, and culture in three areas that are geographically widely separated, but retain certain cultural commonalities in radically different physical and political environments. De 1891 à 1914 des milliers de paysans ukrainiens ont quitté leur patrie ancestrale en Ukraine de l’Ouest pour des terres aux frontières agricoles de l’Ouest canadien et du Brésil du sud. Ces émigrants qui partaient pour des contrées radicalement dissemblables, provenaient souvent des mêmes districts et villages, si ce n’est des mêmes familles. La manière dont ces pionniers ukrainiens ont réaménagé ces territoires, reflétait les différences environnementales du vieux et du nouveau monde. Au Brésil, ils se sont immédiatement adaptés au changement géographique, mais l’isolement de leurs communautés a permis aux formes de vie traditionnelles populaires et aux caractères culturels architecturaux de leurs villages de survivre beaucoup plus longtemps que chez les Canadiens ukrainiens. Parallèlement aux transformations des paysages de la diaspora ukrainienne, d’autres mutations se faisaient aussi dans son foyer ancestral. Cet article tente donc de considérer le rôle du temps, du changement environnemental et de la culture dans les trois régions qui retiennent certains points culturels communs malgré leur grand éloignement géographique aux unes et aux autres et des terrains physiques et politiques radicalement différents.
“…No Longer Quite Ukrainian But Not Quite Canadian Either…”: The Ukrainian Immigrant in Canadian English-Language Literature
Authors: Aponiuk Natalia
Published: December 2015

Arguably, the first work of Canadian fiction in English to depict Ukrainians was Ralph Connor’s The Foreigner, a Tale of Saskatchewan , published in 1909. Since then, some of Canada’s major writers, including Margaret Laurence, Margaret Atwood, Morley Callaghan, Sinclair Ross, and W. O. Mitchell have depicted Ukrainians in their works. Gabrielle Roy, writing in French, also created Ukrainian characters. Beginning at least in 1954 with the publication of Vera Lysenko’s Yellow Boots , writers of Ukrainian origin began to break through into the pantheon of CanLit. The publication of works by writers of Ukrainian origin increased dramatically following the adoption of Multiculturalism and the resultant infusion of government funding into the “culture industry.” This article considers the depiction of the Ukrainian immigrant in two plays— Paper Wheat , written by a collective, and Gwen Pharis Ringwood’s A Fine Coloured Easter Egg ; in several novels—Frederick Philip Grove’s Fruits of the Earth , Arthur G. Storey’s Prairie Harvest , and Vera Lysenko’s Yellow Boots ; and in Gabrielle Roy’s short story “The Well of Dunrea.” On peut dire que la première œuvre de fiction canadienne décrivant les Ukrainiens en anglais était The Foreigner, a Tale of Saskatchewan , de Ralph Connor, publiée en 1909. Depuis lors certains des plus grands écrivains du Canada y compris Margaret Laurence, Margaret Atwood, Morley Callaghan, Sinclair Ross, et W. O. Mitchell ont représenté les Ukrainiens dans leurs œuvres. Gabrielle Roy a également en français, créé des personnages ukrainiens. À partir de 1954, les écrivains ukrainiens ont commencé à émerger dans le panthéon de “CanLit” avec notamment la publication de Yellow Boots , de Vera Lysenko. La publication d’ouvrages par les écrivains d’origine ukrainienne a considérablement augmenté, suite à l’adoption du multiculturalisme et à l’injection des fonds gouvernementaux dans «l’industrie de la culture». Cet article examine la représentation de l’immigrant ukrainien dans deux pièces— Paper Wheat Ringwood —écrit par un collectif, et A Fine Coloured Easter Egg de Gwen Pharis Ringwood; dans plusieurs romans dont Fruits of the Earth de Frederick Philip Grove, Prairie Harvest de Arthur G. Storey et Yellow Boots de Vera Lysenko; et dans The Well of Dunrea , une nouvelle de Gabrielle Roy.
The Carpatho-Ukrainian Episode of 1938–39: Canadian and International Ramifications
Authors: Shkandrij Myroslav
Published: December 2015

The article examines Canadian Press reports of the Carpatho-Ukrainian autonomous state that existed from November 1938 until March 1939. It describes how Western opinion, including Canadian, reacted to the new state, and how fears that Hitler was about to create a “Greater Ukraine” internationalized the issue of Carpatho-Ukraine, which some feared would be the first step in Germany’s destabilization of the Soviet Union. The state’s brief existence is also important for what it reveals about the thinking of the OUN (Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists), the shift in the organization’s politics at the time, and the lesson it drew or failed to draw from this episode. Cet article porte sur le traitement par la presse canadienne de l’état autonome carpatho-ukrainien qui exista de novembre 1938 à mars 1939. Il montre comment la réaction de l’opinion occidentale, canadienne y compris, à ce nouvel état, et la peur de voir Hitler sur le point de créer une “Grande Ukraine” ont internationalisé la question carpatho-ukrainienne, certains craignant que ce soit le premier pas de la déstabilisation de l’Union soviétique par l’Allemagne. La courte existence de cet état revêt aussi une certaine importance en ce qu’elle a révélé à propos de la réflexion de l’ONU (Organisation des Nationalistes ukrainiens), l’évolution de la politique de l’époque de celleci, et la leçon qu’elle a tirée ou n’a pas su tirer de cet épisode.
The Alberta Press on Ukrainians in Canada during World War II: Two Case Studies
Authors: Cipko Serge
Published: December 2015

This paper discusses the coverage given to Ukrainian Canadian topics in two Alberta newspapers, the Edmonton Journal and the Edmonton Bulletin , during the World War II years. Examples of the subjects included in the essay are Ukrainian Canadian participation in the war effort through enlistments in the Canadian armed forces and other ways, the banning of the Ukrainian Labour-Farmer Temple Association, the formation of the Ukrainian Canadian Committee, the raising of the matter of Ukrainian independence, and the Canadian conscription plebiscite of 27 April 1942. The two newspapers published in the provincial capital accorded significant attention to Ukrainian Canadian issues, a coverage that was paralleled by the many stories that related to Ukraine, a major battleground in the war. Cet article porte sur la couverture donnée à des sujets concernant les Canadiens ukrainiens dans deux journaux albertains, le Edmonton Journal et le Edmonton Bulletin , pendant la deuxième guerre mondiale. Y sont inclus par exemple: leur participation à l’effort de guerre en s’engageant dans les forces armées canadiennes et autrement, la proscription de l’Ukrainian Labour-Farmer Temple Association et la formation du Ukrainian Canadian Committee, la question de l’indépendance ukrainienne et le plébiscite du 27 avril 1942 sur la conscription au Canada. Les deux journaux, publiés dans la capitale provinciale, ont porté une très grande attention à tout ce qui touche les Canadiens ukrainiens. Ils leur accordèrent une couverture équivalente à celle des nombreux reportages sur l’Ukraine, un champ de bataille majeur pendant la guerre.
Crisis of the Novel and the Novel of Crisis
Authors: Gupta Suman
Published: December 2015

This essay has three more or less discrete parts; that is, no firm linear argument is developed across them. Each part informs the next, but the arguments taken up in each could also be contemplated separately. The first responds to the thrust of this special issue, and considers the relationship of the novel to the nation; the second focuses on a worldly concern of the present, the 2007–08 financial crisis, and how it features in the contemporary novel; and the third moves toward a possible project of exploring the contemporary novel in terms of the prevailing neoliberal lifeworld. Together, these parts try to accentuate some of the general features of the contemporary novel.
Inclusion of College Community in the Self: A Longitudinal Study of the Role of Self-Expansion in Students’ Satisfaction
Authors: Branand Brittany , Mashek Debra , Wray-Lake Laura , Coffey John K.
Published: December 2015

Consistent with predictions derived from the self-expansion model, this 3-year longitudinal study found that participation in more college groups during sophomore year predicted increases in inclusion of the college community in the self at the end of junior year, which further predicted increases in satisfaction with the college experience at the end of senior year (full mediation). This study offers college community connectedness as a theoretically grounded mechanism to explain why extracurricular involvement is such an important piece of the college experience, confirming what student affairs professionals already know: connectedness matters.
Epistemological Development and Attachment in European College Students
Authors: Faria Carla , Soares Isabel , Silva Carolina , Bastos Alice
Published: December 2015

Epistemological development and attachment theory have been independent frameworks for understanding psychological development. This study examined the association between epistemological development (using the Measure of Epistemological Reflection) and attachment (using the Adult Attachment Interview) in a sample of 60 pre- and postgraduated college students. Results showed that absolute knowing is rarely present in secure students and that it is most common among preoccupied students. Students with dismissing attachment have restricted ways of knowing, progressing from transitional knowing to independent knowing. For a more comprehensive analysis of these findings selected cases are presented. These results may be relevant for further interdomain research and intervention with college students.
Refining King and Baxter Magolda’s Model of Intercultural Maturity
Authors: Perez Rosemary J. , Shim Woojeong , King Patricia M. , Baxter Magolda Marcia B.
Published: December 2015

This study examined 110 intercultural experiences from 82 students attending six colleges and universities to explore how students’ interpretations of their intercultural experiences reflected their developmental capacities for intercultural maturity. Our analysis of students’ experiences confirmed as well as refined and expanded King and Baxter Magolda’s (2005) model, which mapped the development of intercultural maturity. In addition to affirming the overall developmental trajectory of intercultural maturity our data revealed additional developmental features within the initial, intermediate, and mature levels of the model. Furthermore, our analysis illuminated characteristics of transitional phases between levels of the model.
Mental Health Priorities: Stigma Elimination and Community Advocacy in College Settings
Authors: Michaels Patrick J. , Corrigan Patrick W. , Kanodia Nupur , Buchholz Blythe , Abelson Sara
Published: December 2015

Low rates of psychological help-seeking among college students have been attributed to a lack of awareness about on-campus resources and to mental illness stigma. One mental health advocacy organization, Active Minds, collaborates with its university-recognized student-run on-campus chapters to promote service use and psychological healthy activities. This study quantitatively evaluated 15 mental health priorities. Surveyed participants ( N = 46) represented Active Minds national office staff and on-campus chapter leaders. Factor analysis revealed 3 overarching priorities: illness awareness, community improvement, and stigma change. University leaders should consider collaborating with student-energized efforts to destigmatize and improve help-seeking behavior among college students.
Disentangling the Impact of Diversity Courses: Examining the Influence of Diversity Course Content on Students’ Civic Engagement
Authors: Castellanos Michelle , Cole Darnell
Published: December 2015

Utilizing Bennett’s genres of multicultural education, the authors examine whether diversity course content clusters influence students’ civic engagement. Diversity course content clusters were predicted to influence White students and students of color differently, given principles identified by social development, cognitive development, and social identity theory. Findings indicate that diversity courses that emphasize multicultural competence positively influence all students over a period of 4 years. Courses that emphasize societal equity, however, have a greater effect on students of color when compared to White students. Implications for faculty, undergraduate curriculum committees, research, and theory are discussed.
Determinants of Nontraditional Student Status: A Methodological Review of the Research
Authors: Langrehr Kimberly J. , Phillips Julia C. , Melville Alexis , Eum Koun
Published: December 2015

This article presents a review of 21 years (1990 to 2011) of multidisciplinary research on nontraditional college students that focuses on determinants of nontraditional student status and research methodology. The purpose is to address the methodological hindrances that have contributed to deficit-based views of nontraditional students in scholarly research. Specifically, the goals of the study are (a) to identify determinants used to classify nontraditional student status beyond older age, and (b) to provide a systematic analysis of methodological and theoretical approaches used to interpret findings on nontraditional students. Study findings are used to draw updated conclusions about conceptualizing nontraditional students and ways that scholars can promote a more accurate depiction of nontraditional students in the research.
Beyond “It Was Good”: Students’ Post–Study Abroad Practices for Negotiating Meaning
Authors: Kortegast Carrie A. , Boisfontaine M. Terral
Published: December 2015

Student participation in short-term study abroad programs has increased at a rapid pace; however, little is known about students’ post–study abroad practices regarding negotiating meaning of their experiences. The purpose of this study is to explore students’ post–study abroad participation and reification of their experiences using the theoretical framework of communities of practice (Wenger, 1998). Findings from this study indicate that student learning is truncated by the practices students employed post–study abroad and the opportunities available to them to negotiate the meaning of their study abroad experiences. Recommendations include providing students with structured, programmatic opportunities and assistance in processing, articulating, and negotiating the meaning of their study abroad experiences.
Using Lexicographical Methodology in Trademark Litigation: Analyzing Similatives
Authors: Butters Ronald R.
Published: December 2015

Dictionaries publish disclaimers on their copyright pages asserting that their entries (or absence of entries) are not intended to make any legal claims about trademarks, yet courts of law nonetheless regularly treat dictionary entries as probative. The dictionary makers are just trying to avoid contentious confrontation with lawyers, but in fact the lexicographers are largely correct and the courts are somewhat naive: because of their scope and brevity, dictionary entries are suitable only as a small starting place for the understanding of words in a legal context. Even so, the methodology of lexicographical inquiry can be highly relevant for the generation of semantic and pragmatic analyses that can be of assistance to litigator, judge, and jury. When linguists trained in lexicography prepare in-depth reports and testimony, they compensate for the necessary insufficiencies of dictionaries consulted alone. For example, the thin treatment of similative compounds—such as whisper-quiet —in all English-language dictionaries may be overcome in a trademark case by a detailed examination of the data of actual use of the terms, which a dictionary maker cannot do owing to lack of time, resources, and the traditional objectives of word-book writing. The results of a lexicographical inquiry in a legal context also can be of independent linguistic interest, for example, in the provenience and history of whisper-quiet in its own right and perhaps in pointing the way towards the future regularization of dictionaries’ treatment of similative compounds.
Guarding Even Our Enemies and the Triumph of Evil: Actual and Supposed Eighteenth-century Voices in Twentieth-century Politics
Authors: Knowles Elizabeth
Published: December 2015

This paper reflects on how quotations function within the language and considers some of the challenges presented to a dictionary of quotations in how best to represent the relevant linguistic evidence. These questions are pursued through two case studies, with particular reference to the appeal of a “famous name” called in support of an argument or political position. Tracking the usage history of both cases, the article notes what a dictionary of quotations should make explicit and highlights any specific questions relating to either item that still remain to be answered.
Aaron’s Rod to Zur: Digitizing the Card Collection of the Dictionary of Newfoundland English
Authors: Power Suzanne
Published: December 2015

The Dictionary of Newfoundland English is one of the most internationally acclaimed and best-known publications to emerge from the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. Under the management of Memorial University’s English Language Research Centre, the DNE Word-file Digitization Project, started in 2005, has digitized and will verify 80,000 to 90,000 word-files that went into the creation of DNE and aims to make the data available to interested researchers. Digitization will also help preserve DNE ’s primary and secondary source records. This report describes the collection, examines the digitization process, the methodology behind the process, and next steps for this one-of-a-kind collection.
Trademarks and the Lexicographer in the Digital Age
Authors: Hargraves Orin
Published: December 2015

Trademarks in English dictionaries have been treated inconsistently and inadequately since the introduction of legislation for the protection of trademarks in the nineteenth century. In the twentieth century, publishers showed increasing deference to the wishes and occasional demands of trademark owners, often to the detriment of dictionary users. The digital revolution of the twenty-first century has resulted in an ever-decreasing role for the place of dictionaries in providing dependable information about trademark status to dictionary users.
A Multilingual Trilogy: Developing Three Multi-language Lexicographic Datasets
Authors: Kernerman Ilan
Published: December 2015

This paper offers a brief overview of three multilingual developments by K Dictionaries and highlights the main editorial procedures involved and technical tools applied. .The first regards an English multilingual dictionary bringing together forty-three language versions of Password semi-bilingual dictionary. The second stems from the first, semiautomatically generating multilingual glossaries for any one of those languages to all others via detailed bilingual L2-English indexes. The third is part of the Global series and consists of monolingual datasets for over twenty languages that serve for creating various bilingual and multilingual versions and multilayered combinations. Further steps are anticipated in order to interlink and unify the resources and processes, such as by associating translations in one lexicographic set to corresponding entries in others, and thereby to more translations in other languages, and to converting the data from XML to RDF format for interoperability with Linked Data and Semantic Web technologies.
Language Ideologies and The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language : Evidence from Motive, Structure, and Design
Authors: Adams Michael
Published: December 2015

The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (1969) was established as the arch-prescriptive alternative to the arch-descriptive Webster’s Third (1961), and it expressed that language ideology in innovative ways, notably in establishing a Usage Panel with which the editors would consult on disputed matters of usage in view of including Usage Notes about those matters in the dictionary’s text. It also favored standards of correctness set in edited prose, relying for much of its word list, spellings, etc., on the Brown Corpus, use of which, even in this limited way, was also an innovation. Yet the first edition included structural elements that pointed in a more descriptive direction, and successive editions, by means of structure and design, qualified the dictionary’s prescriptive tendencies and re-positioned it ideologically as neither exactly prescriptive nor descriptive but something ideologically more complex and interesting.
On Corpus Citations in Monolingual General Dictionaries
Authors: Klosa Annette
Published: December 2015

This paper presents some results from an online survey regarding the functions and presentation of lexicographically compiled and automatically compiled corpus citations in a general monolingual e-dictionary of German ( elexiko ). Our findings suggest that dictionary users have a clear understanding of the functions of corpus citations in lexicography.
Beyond the Sun’s Setting: Webs of Unknowing in Old English
Authors: Bolintineanu Alexandra
Published: December 2015

In Old English poetry and prose, declarations of unknowing and inexpressibility appear as quasi-formulaic assertions that no human being exists who could know or express the declarations’ subject—even when the text surrounding the declaration of unknowing contains evidence to the contrary. Consistently, in homilies and poetry alike, declarations of unknowing mark out the supernatural, functioning as traditional poetic markers of wonder and awe. With declarations of unknowing as a case study, this paper proposes a network model for visualizing the relationship between motifs, texts, and traditional associations within the larger expressive economy of oral-traditional Old English poetics.
Filling the Silence: Shared Content in Four Related Manuscripts of Ælfric’s Catholic Homilies
Authors: Lowe Kathryn A.
Published: December 2015

In this article I analyze the contents and transmission of a group of related manuscripts containing copies of Ælfrician and anonymous homilies in order to demonstrate the linguistic potential of variant copies of texts. I consider them from a comparative textual and linguistic perspective in a way that privileges the scribe and scribal activity over traditional philology or editorial practice. The manuscripts are Oxford, Bodleian Library MSS Bodley 340 and 342, Cambridge, Corpus Christi College MSS 162, 198, and 303. They date from Ælfric’s lifetime (c. 950–c. 1010) to the mid-twelfth century. I focus on three Ælfrician homilies that appear in sequence uniquely in this cluster alongside four anonymous texts that, similarly, are not found together elsewhere. This research, funded by the Andrew W. Mellon foundation, was conducted as part of a collaborative project that sought to refine digital technologies to aid consequential research in book and language history.
Richard Frampton and Two Manuscripts in the Parker Library
Authors: Stubbs Estelle V.
Published: December 2015

Two manuscripts in the Parker Library at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, are copied in a hand which resembles that of Richard Frampton, a known clerk of the House of Lancaster in the early fourteenth century. Frampton copied literary manuscripts as well as working for the civic bureaucracy at the London Guildhall. His connections with royalty, the nobility and with Guildhall colleagues engaged in similar activities prompted an exploration of his social networks by means of software created at the University of Sheffield. The research was funded by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation and coordinated by the University of Toronto.
A Digital Re-examination of the Scribal Hands in the Parker Chronicle
Authors: Fleck Alex
Published: December 2015

This article engages with the scholarly debate surrounding the scribal hands of the Parker Chronicle , the copy of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle found in Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, MS 173. In light of new tools and practices within the digital humanities, the author suggests that the number of previously differentiated scribes writing between folios 16v–28r ought to be reduced. Fleck examines Corpus Christi’s digital holdings through the tools afforded by Stanford University’s Parker on the Web Project , and addresses questions of scribal identity treated most recently and prominently by Janet Bately and David Dumville, collaborative editors of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle . In so doing, he demonstrates the utility of these digital tools for democratizing the practice of paleography.
Rewriting Proust
Authors: Baldwin Thomas
Published: December 2015

In this article, I discuss the significance of Roland Barthes’s assertions that Marcel Proust’s À la recherche du temps perdu is made of “variations sans thème” and that “la singularité de Proust c’est qu’il ne nous laisse rien d’autre à faire que ceci: le réécrire .” In doing so, I examine some of Barthes’s writing on Proust from the 1950s onwards, including a set of unpublished notes for a seminar he convened at the University of Rabat in 1969–70.
« J’ai toujours eu envie d’ argumenter mes humeurs » : Savoir et subjectivité dans La chambre claire et Sur Racine
Authors: Coste Claude
Published: December 2015

Quelleest la place de la subjectivitédans la vie intellectuelle? Que faire de ses affects ou de seshumeursdans un processus de pensée? On se propose de répondre à cette question en lisant Sur Racine commeuneautobiographie de Barthes, sans s’interrogersur la pertinence des analyses consacrées au grand tragiquefrançais. En présentant Pyrrhus, NéronouAthaliecomme des “hérosdogmatique,” c’est-à-dire des personnagesessayant de s’émanciper de la loigénérale, Barthes met en abyme son propre“dogmatism,” saproprevolonté de s’affranchir de la vieille critique.
What’s So Great About Roland Barthes?
Authors: Baldwin Thomas , Haustein Katja , O’Meara Lucy
Published: December 2015

One hundred years after his birth, the work of Roland Barthes (1915–1980) remains compelling in a wide variety of fields and disciplines. The great power of his work resides, perhaps, in its radical plurality. Nevertheless, beneath such variation we find enduring purpose: Barthes is a consistent advocate of the critique of ideology; of the refusal of middlebrow generalization; of the productivity of text; of attention to the critical response of the individual. The overall aim of this issue is to show how we can continue to work with Barthes today.
Killing Joke: Authorship from Barthes to Nothomb
Authors: O’Meara Lucy
Published: December 2015

In this article, I discuss the ongoing legacy of Barthes’s 1967 essay “La mort de l’auteur” by putting it in dialogue with the fiction of the bestselling Belgian novelist Amélie Nothomb and the biographical criticism of Nothomb’s French-language critics. Nothomb promotes a monological, authorist reading of her work that goes fundamentally against the grain of poststructuralist, anti-authorialist theory. However, Nothomb’s sparring with ideas of authorship and of readers’ interpretation in works such as Hygiène de l’assassin articulates an active – though hostile – engagement with the Barthesian idea of the “death of the author,” demonstrating the ongoing relevance of this totemic essay in the era of the “retour au récit.”
Rhythm Barthes, rythmicité du vivre
Authors: Macé Marielle
Published: December 2015

This article reflects upon Barthes’ relationship to one of our main actual concerns: how to build a community, and upon the singularity of the answer he gives to this political question in one of his last lectures: a meditation concerning life rhythms . Singular because of its refusal to see the question of collectiveness as the right one, and singular in its almost exclusive interest in practices of life, formal aspects of the everyday – what Certeau called “les formalités de la pratique.” In this, Barthes’ reflection rejoins the effort of many contemporary philosophers, sociologists, and ethnologists in establishing an anthropology of rhythm ; but he also stands besides poets, for whom rhythm is not a category of understanding but a task to undertake, a site of dispute, fear, and struggle with the self and with others.
Practising with Roland Barthes
Authors: Briggs Kate
Published: December 2015

This article considers a distinction that Barthes makes (in his last lecture course) between two kinds of readers: those for whom the pleasure of reading is satisfied by the reading experience, and those for whom the pleasure of reading extant writing is made restless by the desire to add oneself actively to the work one loves . It then describes some of the forms that this active adding or appending might take: for Barthes, playing a Bach movement himself, on his own piano, but too slowly, or drawing from a Cy Twombly monograph; for the author, teaching from the writing instructions she hears in The Preparation of the Novel , giving concrete form to Barthes’s notion of a pathetic literary criticism, and translation.
Living Alone Together: Barthes, Zola, and the Work of Letters
Authors: Harrow Susan
Published: December 2015

Assessing Barthes’s relevance in an applied context, this article explores Comment vivre ensemble (1976–77) in relation to a corpus that is rarely exploited for its discursive and fantasmatic values – a writer’s correspondence. How does Barthes’s model help us gain a fuller understanding of Émile Zola’s representation of his desire to balance the quality of privacy conducive to creativity and the pleasures of sociability? How, in turn, might reading Zola’s correspondence through the figures of Comment vivre ensemble enable us to extend and inflect Barthes’s model? These questions inform my study of the tensions between living individually and living socially through two writers fascinated by micro-history and fantasmatically immersed in the everyday worlds of collectivities and individuals.
“J’ai mal à l’autre”: Barthes on Pity
Authors: Haustein Katja
Published: December 2015

What is empathy and what is its point? What is the relation between empathy and the conception of the self? And what is the relation between empathy and textual form? In this article I grapple with these questions with the help of Roland Barthes. Tracing the transformations of the concept of empathy and its derivatives compassion and pity in Barthes’s writing from Michelet par lui-même (1954) to the posthumously published Journal de deuil (2009), I discuss their significance for current cross-disciplinary debates on empathy and for the even more widely visible ‘turn to affect’ within the context of which they evolve.
Cultural Theory on the Micro-scale: Roland Barthes’s Lectures at the Collège de France
Authors: Ghaly Adrienne
Published: December 2015

In his Collège Cours , Roland Barthes’s critical attentiveness to the most intimate scale of lived experience, and his attendant search for analytical modes of thought capable of accommodating it, offer his readers both possibilities and challenges. This article explores these issues, focusing particularly upon Préparation du roman ’s sustained interest in the ‘novelistic’ haiku and its evocation of micro-relations such as ‘co-presence’ that appear to be beyond the demonstrably relational. The Cours offer important insights into Barthes’s thinking on modes that articulate and orient relations between the subject and the immanently experienced world, and his concomitant reframing of the ethics of critical thought.
Classé, Surclasser, Déclassé , or, Roland Barthes, Classification without Class
Authors: Stafford Andy
Published: December 2015

This article considers the ambivalent attitude of Roland Barthes to the act, status, and usefulness of classification and of classifying. It covers three distinct periods in his career: that of journalist with Marxist leanings in the 1950s, structuralist academic in the 1960s, and writer in the 1970s. Highlighting the figure of the duck-billed platypus, a metaphor for the scandalous exception, as deployed in Barthes’s writings, the article investigates the ways in which taxonomy, and other aspects of classification, led to, first, a critique of historical formalism, second, methodological accommodation with classification, and finally an attempt by the writer to avoid, atopically, all forms of classification, especially that of social class.
What Turns the Writer into a Great Writer?: The Conversion Narrative of Barthes’s “Vita nova”
Authors: Knight Diana
Published: December 2015

This article addresses the status of the conversion narrative that underpins Barthes’s preoccupation in his very late work with a “Vita nova.” It examines his motivation for linking the death of his mother to a conversion that is constructed rhetorically as a singular and sudden event. Barthes’s insistence on a life dramatically broken in two is addressed through his own self-conscious points of reference, from Dante’s “Nel mezzo del camin di nostra vita,” to the “crises” that comically structure the lives of all great writers in Castex and Surer, to the mythically abrupt conversion of the Abbé de Rancé.
Возвращение домой: Семейные и миграционные сценарии в Узбекистане
Authors: Абашин Сергей
Published: December 2015

The article discusses the problem of labor migration from Uzbekistan to Russia, more specifically – the theme of migrants’ returning home. Sergei Abashin raises the question of whether the idea of returning home is only a narrative myth shared by people who in reality do not plan to return or it refers to the existence of a mass-scale practice of returning. According to the author, the myth and the practice are two modes of migration rather than two distinctive conditions that should be contrasted to each other. Therefore, he suggests viewing strategies of migration from the vantage point of different life scenarios regarded as normative within Uzbek society. He pays special attention to the concept of the “migrant house” that often emerges in migrants’ narratives as the reason for migration and its ultimate goal, thus bridging the point of departure and the destination. Studying biographical stories of migrants from Uzbekistan that he collected in 2014−2015, the author is able to analyze the processes of deterritorialization and reterritorialization, including the link between imagination and reality in plans for building a house. The dominant migration scenario revealed here is conditioned by a sense of family obligations and structured by the family story. This scenario implies turning to migration when the need arises to make a change in social status or to pay for costly rituals (such as a wedding), or for constructing a “migrant’s house” as a precondition and symbol of one’s social status. Migration activity involves periodic declines, temporary or permanent returns to home, or the rotation of some migrant family members with others. Thus migration appears as built into constantly renewing cycles of family life, which makes it a fundamental factor. This scenario is built on the idea of fulfilling social obligations to the family and requires more or less constant presence “at home.” Therefore, returning is not just an emotional experience and a feeling of loyalty to one’s native country, but a strict social imperative advanced by the family and community. Speaking of the common scenario, the author demonstrates its inner contradictory nature, which prompts a variety of practices and leads to conflicts of interest. The latter are present within migrant strategies as possibilities of choices, including the choice to stay, leave, or return. A choice is often made not out of strategic well-planned considerations but as a tactical decision under given circumstances. Besides the balance of interests, discussions concerning migrations produce contradictions and conflicts because of differences in roles and interests within the family. The balance thus achieved is always unstable, and existing multivector tendencies enable the possibility of change in the entire migration strategy.
Плановая экономика от Шумера до Советского Союза: Судьба древней империи глазами современных историков
Authors: Крих Сергей
Published: December 2015

This article describes the birth of one of the most influential myths in the late Soviet and early post-Soviet historiography of the Ancient World, about the totalitarian and consequently inefficient Neo-Sumerian centralized bureaucratic state. The author proposes that the origins of this historiographic myth can be sought in the political and academic conditions of the Soviet historical profession and the response to them from leading Assyriologists such as Vasily V. Struve and Igor M. Diakonoff. Oriental Despotism by Karl A. Wittfogel had a particular influence on Soviet historiography. Since direct parallels between the Ur III State and the USSR were ideologically subversive and therefore unacceptable, just hinting at them acquired the status of profound inner truth, and thus captured the imaginations of many Soviet historians. After the collapse of the USSR, in the eyes of some scholars these analogies received ultimate proof through history itself, as the modern failed totalitarian bureaucracy shared the fate of the allegedly equally totalitarian ancient one.
Исторический манифест: Глава 3. Длинное и короткое: Глобальное потепление, регулирование и неравенство в 1970-е и после
Authors: Гулди Джо , Армитедж Дэвид
Published: December 2015

This is the Russian translation of the second chapter of The History Manifesto by Jo Guldi and David Armitage. The book’s main focus is a critique of the shortage of long-term thinking that, according to the authors, characterizes the social imagination of our time and the dominant mode of history writing. They propose a return to longue durée history as a tool of social analysis directed toward the future. In a crisis of short-termism, Guldi and Armitage claim, our world needs somewhere to turn for information about the relationship between past and future. History – as a discipline and a subject matter – is an ideal candidate for the job, just the arbiter we need at this critical time. In Chapter 3 the authors argue that from ca. 1970 to 2000, long-term thinking about the past and the future proliferated largely outside the discipline of history, notably around questions of climate change, international governance, and inequality. They show how recent historical studies have productively engaged these topics, thus verifying some assumptions and providing a firmer foundation for more nuanced conclusions.
Afro-Asian Intimacies and the Politics and Aesthetics of Cross-Racial Struggle in Mira Nair’s Mississippi Masala
Authors: Reddy Vanita
Published: December 2015

In this article, I deploy the analytic of intimacy in order to critically reexamine South Asian American filmmaker Mira Nair’s groundbreaking film Mississippi Masala (1991). I define intimacy as the colonial management of sex, on the one hand, and as the inaccessible and unseen excesses of such forms of management, such as alliances, affections, and feelings of close familiarity among differently racialized subjects, on the other. I show that the structure and form of Nair’s film give expression to a set of intimacies between men that point to the political limits of heteronormative kinship—defined through state and culturally sanctioned practices of Asian endogamy and bourgeois domesticity—as the basis of Afro-Asian political alliance.
The Railroad as Message in Maxine Hong Kingston’s China Men and Frank Chin’s “Riding the Rails with Chickencoop Slim”
Authors: Lee Julia H.
Published: December 2015

This essay examines how Frank Chin and Maxine Hong Kingston deploy the railroad as a means of structuring Chinese American identity. In “Riding the Rails with Chickencoop Slim” (1977) and “The Grandfather of the Sierra Nevada Mountains” from China Men (1980), Chin and Kingston figure the railroad as a sign of the presence and enforced absence of the Chinese. The railroad becomes, in other words, a kind of text that serves multiple purposes within their respective memoirs, generating more narratives and offering itself as a narrative to be read and interpreted. It also offers a way for the authors to reconsider some of the foundational tenets of the memoir as a genre.
Not a Day but a Vu Lan Season: Celebrating Filial Piety in the Vietnamese Diaspora
Authors: Truitt Allison
Published: December 2015

One of the most important observances of the Vietnamese Buddhist calendar is Vu Lan, an annual ceremony framed by Confucian notions of filial piety. Through an ethnographic analysis of the festival at four different Buddhist institutions along the U.S. Gulf Coast, I show how Vu Lan cultivates devotion to motherhood and nationhood, generating both affective ties and material support from lay participants. I pay particular attention to how gendered signs of diasporic nationalism are displayed in order to underscore that what it means to be Vietnamese and Buddhist in the United States is both active and fluid.
Evaluating Asian American Representation through Bill Sponsors and Cosponsors from 1999 to 2009
Authors: Chaturvedi Neilan S.
Published: December 2015

Do representatives react to small yet emerging minority groups? Racial and ethnic representation scholarship finds that descriptive representation leads to better substantive representation. Furthermore, the subconstituency politics theory states that elected officials represent only politically active numerical minorities. Asian Americans, a relatively small ethnic minority group in the United States, suffer from poor descriptive representation and participate at lower rates than African Americans and Latinos. Does this mean that Asian Americans are not represented in Congress? Using bill sponsorships and cosponsorships from the 106th to 110th Congresses, I find that legislators with a large number of Asian American constituents sponsor or cosponsor more bills for Asian American issues on symbolic legislation, while only Democrats sponsor or cosponsor more bills for Asian Americans on domestic policy. Furthermore, I also find that Asian American legislators are more likely than non-Asian American legislators to sponsor or co-sponsor coethnic legislation.