bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Principal component analysis and artificial neural network analysis of oral tissue fluorescence spectra: Classification of normal premalignant and malignant pathological conditions
Authors: Nayak G. S. , Kamath Sudha , Pai Keerthilatha M. , Sarkar Arindam , Ray Satadru , Kurien Jacob , D'Almeida Lawrence , Krishnanand B. R. , Santhosh C. , Kartha V. B. , Mahato K. K.
Published: February 2006

Pulsed laser‐induced autofluorescence spectroscopic studies of pathologically certified normal, premalignant, and malignant oral tissues were carried out at 325 nm excitation. The spectral analysis and classification for discrimination among normal, premalignant, and malignant conditions were performed using principal component analysis (PCA) and artificial neural network (ANN) separately on the same set of spectral data. In case of PCA, spectral residuals, Mahalanobis distance, and scores of factors were used for discrimination among normal, premalignant, and malignant cases. In ANN, parameters like mean, spectral residual, standard deviation, and total energy were used to train the network. The ANN used in this study is a classical multiplayer feed‐forward type with a back‐propagation algorithm for the training of the network. The specificity and sensitivity were determined in both classification schemes. In the case of PCA, they are 100 and 92.9%, respectively, whereas for ANN they are 100 and 96.5% for the data set considered. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 82: 152–166, 2006

This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Antibody‐based surface plasmon resonance detection of intact viral pathogen
Authors: Baac Hyoungwon , Hajós József P. , Lee Jennifer , Kim Donghyun , Kim Sung June , Shuler Michael L.
Published: February 2006

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique was used to directly detect an intact form of insect pathogen: the baculovirus, Autographa californica multiple nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV). An SPR sensor chip with three bio‐functional layers was used to detect the intact AcMNPV: amine‐reactive crosslinker with a disulfide bond that chemisorbs to gold film, Protein A, and a mouse IgG monoclonal antibody raised against a surface protein of the target viral pathogen. A two‐channel (reference & test) micro‐fluidic SPR system is used for reliable measurement. Bio‐specific response to the AcMNPV is compared with the response for tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) as control. Successive exposure of the sensor chip to both viruses verifies a specific response to AcMNPV. This serves as a prerequisite to the development of a new type of viral pathogen detection sensors. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Salmonella typhimurium specifically chemotax and proliferate in heterogeneous tumor tissue in vitro
Authors: Kasinskas Rachel W. , Forbes Neil S.
Published: February 2006

Multi‐drug resistance greatly limits the efficacy of conventional blood‐born chemotherapeutics, which have limited ability to penetrate tumor tissue and are ineffective at killing quiescent cells far from tumor vasculature. Nonpathogenic, motile bacteria can overcome both of theses limitations. We hypothesize that the accumulation of S. typhimurium in tumors is controlled by two mechanisms: (1) chemotaxis towards compounds produced by quiescent cancer cells and (2) preferential growth within tumor tissue. We tested this hypothesis by quantifying the relative contributions of these mechanisms using the tumor cylindroid model, which mimics the microenvironments of in vivo tumors. Time‐lapse fluorescence microscopy was used to measure the accumulation of GFP‐labeled S. typhimurium into cylindroids of different size. Cylindroids larger than 500 µm in diameter contain quiescent cells, whereas cylindroids smaller than 500 µm do not. Spatio‐temporal profiles of bacterial concentration were fit to a mathematical model to calculate two parameters that describe bacterial interaction with tumors: intratumoral bacterial growth, M, and intratumoral bacterial chemoattraction, K. It was observed that S. typhimurium is attracted to cylindroids and accumulate at long time points in the central region of large cylindroids. Both intratumoral bacterial growth and chemotaxis were significantly greater in large cylindroids, suggesting that quiescent cells secrete bacterial chemoattractants and the presence of necrotic and quiescent cells enable S. typhimurium to replicate in tumor tissue. In this study, several mechanisms of S. typhimurium accumulation in solid tumors have been quantified, which we believe is an important step in the development of bacterial‐based therapeutics to target tumor quiescence. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Simultaneous control of turbidity and dilution rate through adjustment of medium composition in semi‐continuous Chlamydomonas cultures
Authors: Maeda Isamu , Seto Yoshiaki , Ueda Shunsaku , Cheng Yukoh , Hari Junko , Kawase Masaya , Miyasaka Hitoshi , Yagi Kiyohito
Published: February 2006

For production of starch in algal cultures, a growth rate limited by a nutrient is an important factor. Under phototrophic conditions, turbidity must be also paid attention, as the shading effect may affect its productivity. Semi‐continuous cultivation methods, which enable control of turbidity and dilution rate (D) at the same time, have been developed for evaluation of those factors on starch production in Chlamydomonas sp. A specific feature of the methods is in a process of alternately feeding medium adjusted at two different nitrogen (N) concentrations. In the turbidostat‐based method, a turbidostat culture was operated repeating three steps of determining D within a preset interval, alternating media by comparing the D with a preset value, and adjusting D in the next interval by feeding the selected medium. In the chemostat‐based method, turbidity of a chemostat culture was controlled by repeating two steps of alternating media by comparing transmitted photon flux intensity (I) with a preset value and adjusting I by feeding the selected medium. D controlled by the turbidostat‐based method reached quickly a preset value as low as 0.010/h, and then it was dispersed around but above the preset value. On the other hand, mean N concentrations of fed media formed a plateau. In the chemostat‐based method, I was well controlled to a preset value while the mean N concentrations were a bit fluctuated. Starch concentration varied from 0.052 to 0.41 g/L with turbidity and D defined by these methods. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Simultaneous quantification of atorvastatin and active metabolites in human plasma by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry using rosuvastatin as internal standard
Authors: Nirogi Ramakrishna V. S. , Kandikere Vishwottam N. , Shukla Manoj , Mudigonda Koteshwara , Maurya Santosh , Boosi Ravikumar , Anjaneyulu Yerramilli
Published: February 2006

A simple, sensitive, selective and rapid liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the quantification of atorvastatin and its active metabolitesortho‐hydroxyatorvastatin andpara‐hydroxyatorvastatin in human plasma using rosuvastatin as internal standard (IS). Following simple liquid–liquid extraction, the analytes were separated using an isocratic mobile phase on a reversed‐phase C18column and analyzed by MS in the multiple reaction monitoring mode using the respective [M+H]+ions,m/z559/440 for atorvastatin,m/z575/466 forortho‐hydroxyatorvastatin,m/z575/440 for para‐hydroxyatorvastatin andm/z482/258 for the IS. The assay exhibited a linear dynamic range of 0.1–20 ng/mL for atorvastatin and its two metabolites in human plasma. The lower limit of quantification was 100 pg/mL with a relative standard deviation of less than 8%. Acceptable precision and accuracy were obtained for concentrations over the standard curve range. The average absolute recoveries of atorvastatin,ortho‐hydroxyatorvastatin, para‐hydroxyatorvastatin and the IS from spiked plasma samples were 54.2 ± 3.2, 50.1 ± 3.8, 65.2 ± 3.6 and 71.7 ± 2.7%, respectively. A run time of 2.5 min for each sample made it possible to analyze more than 300 human plasma samples per day. The validated method has been successfully used to analyze human plasma samples for application in pharmacokinetic, bioavailability or bioequivalence studies. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Purification of a crystallin domain of Yersinia crystallin from inclusion bodies and its comparison to native protein from the soluble fraction
Authors: Jobby M. K. , Sharma Yogendra
Published: February 2006

It has been established that many heterologously produced proteins in E. coli accumulate as insoluble inclusion bodies. Methods for protein recovery from inclusion bodies involve solubilization using chemical denaturants such as urea and guanidine hydrochloride, followed by removal of denaturant from the solution to allow the protein to refold. In this work, we applied on‐column refolding and purification to the second crystallin domain D2 of Yersinia crystallin isolated from inclusion bodies. We also purified the protein from the soluble fraction (without using any denaturant) to compare the biophysical properties and conformation, although the yield was poor. On‐column refolding method allows rapid removal of denaturant and refolding at high protein concentration, which is a limitation in traditionally used methods of dialysis or dilution. We were also able to develop methods to remove the co‐eluting nucleic acids during chromatography from the protein preparation. Using this protocol, we were able to rapidly refold and purify the crystallin domain using a two‐step process with high yield. We used biophysical techniques to compare the conformation and calcium‐binding properties of the protein isolated from the soluble fraction and inclusion bodies. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fast display of large‐scale forest with fidelity
Authors: Zhang Huaisheng , Hua Wei , Wang Qing , Bao Hujun
Published: February 2006

We propose a new hierarchical representation for a forest model, namely hierarchical layered depth mosaics (HLDM). Each node in the HLDM comprises a number of discrete textured quadrilaterals, called depth mosaics (DMs). The DMs are generated from the sampled depth images of the polygonal tree models. Meanwhile, their textures are compressed by a new approach accounting for occlusion. Our rendering procedure traverses the HLDM and renders the appropriate nodes according to a view‐dependent selection criterion. A blending scheme is adopted to mitigate the visual ‘popping’ caused by the transition of levels of detail. The experiment demonstrates that the viewer could interactively walk or fly above the forest with fidelity. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inhibitor and Protein Microarrays for Activity‐Based Recognition of Lipolytic Enzymes
Authors: Schmidinger Hannes , Susani‐Etzerodt Heidrun , Birner‐Gruenberger Ruth , Hermetter Albin
Published: February 2006

Protein and small‐molecule microarrays are useful tools for high‐throughput analysis of DNA–protein, protein–protein, and protein–small molecule interactions. Here we report on novel microarrays for activity screening of lipases and esterases based on phosphonic acid ester inhibitors. These compounds are activity recognition probes (ARPs) and bind to active serine hydrolases in a stoichiometric and irreversible manner. Protein microarrays were generated by spotting six different lipolytic enzymes onto hydrogel‐coated glass slides. The activity of immobilized enzymes was determined after treatment with fluorescently labeled ARPs. Alternatively, biotinylated ARPs were bound to streptavidin slides in order to identify their affinity for enzymes in solution. Both systems, the protein‐ and ARP microarrays proved to be useful and versatile tools for the rapid identification and characterization of novel and known lipolytic enzymes.
Interplay of p‐Sulfonatocalix[4]arene and Crown Ethers En Route to Molecular Capsules and “Russian Dolls”
Authors: Dalgarno Scott J. , Fisher Julie , Raston Colin L.
Published: February 2006

Diffusion‐ordered 1H NMR spectroscopy techniques have been used to determine the binding strength of p‐sulfonatocalix[4]arene (SO3[4]) towards a number of charged crown ether species in aqueous conditions. For several (doubly) charged (di)azacrown ethers, all were bound by SO3[4] either well or very well with binding constants between 5.1×102–9.9×105 M−1. These results correlate with, and thus explain the phenomenon of rapid capture of azacrown ethers in molecular capsules based on p‐sulfonatocalix[4]arene and lanthanide metals. Similarly, the formation of “Russian doll” superanions in the solution phase is also elucidated. These superanions have been shown to selectively crystallise particular polynuclear aquated metal ions from mixtures in the aqueous phase. Neutral [18]crown‐6 is not bound by p‐sulfonatocalix[4]arene and displays a binding constant of 0 M−1. When sodium [18]crown‐6 is examined in a similar fashion, binding by SO3[4] is observed in solution with Ka∼3.1×103 M−1.
Glycopeptide Synthesis through endo‐Glycosidase‐Catalyzed Oligosaccharide Transfer of Sugar Oxazolines: Probing Substrate Structural Requirement
Authors: Zeng Ying , Wang Jingsong , Li Bing , Hauser Steven , Li Hengguang , Wang Lai‐Xi
Published: February 2006

An array of sugar oxazolines was synthesized and tested as donor substrates for the Arthrobacter endo‐β‐N‐acetylglucosaminidase (Endo‐A)‐catalyzed glycopeptide synthesis. The experiments revealed that the minimum structure of the donor substrate required for Endo‐A catalyzed transglycosylation is a Manβ1→4‐GlcNAc oxazoline moiety. Replacement of the β‐D‐Man moiety with β‐D‐Glc, β‐D‐Gal, and β‐D‐GlcNAc monosaccharides resulted in the loss of substrate activity for the disaccharide oxazoline. Despite this, the enzyme could tolerate modifications such as attachment of additional sugar residues or a functional group at the 3‐ and/or 6‐positions of the β‐D‐Man moiety, thus allowing a successful transfer of selectively modified oligosaccharides to the peptide acceptor. On the other hand, the enzyme has a great flexibility for the acceptor portion and could take both small and large GlcNAc‐peptides as the acceptor. The studies implicate a great potential of the endoglycosidase‐catalyzed transglycosylation for constructing both natural and selectively modified glycopeptides.
Synthesis of Substituted Chromenes through the DABCO‐Catalyzed Reaction of But‐3‐yn‐2‐one and Methyl Propiolate with Salicyl N‐Tosylimines (DABCO=1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane)
Authors: Shi Yong‐Ling , Shi Min
Published: February 2006

The DABCO‐catalyzed (DABCO=1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane) reaction of but‐3‐yn‐2‐one and methyl propiolate with salicyl N‐tosylimines yields highly functionalized chromenes and has been thoroughly investigated; the rational mechanism for the reaction has been demonstrated on the basis of 1H NMR spectroscopic investigation.
Synthesis and Characterization of Metal‐Centered, Six‐Membered, Mixed‐Valent, Heterometallic Wheels of Iron, Manganese, and Indium
Authors: Saalfrank Rolf W. , Prakash Raju , Maid Harald , Hampel Frank , Heinemann Frank W. , Trautwein Alfred X. , Böttger Lars H.
Published: February 2006

Heptanuclear metal‐centered, six‐membered, mixed‐valent, heterometallic wheels 1–3 of iron, manganese, and indium were prepared in a one‐pot reaction from N‐benzyldiethanolamine (H2L1), cesium carbonate, [PPh4]2[MnCl4], and FeCl3 or InCl3. All three complexes were characterized by the combination of elemental analysis, FAB mass spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction and cyclic voltammetry. and in the case of 1 additionally by Mössbauer spectroscopy. In 1, four MnII ions in the periphery are arranged in pairs alternating with one FeIII ion each, with an FeIII ion located in the center. In 2, three MnII ions alternate with three InIII ions, whereas in 3, four InIII ions are arranged in pairs and alternate with one MnII ion each. In 2 and 3 an MnII ion is encapsulated in the center.
Factors associated with surgical options for breast carcinoma
Authors: Chagpar Anees B. , Studts Jamie L. , Scoggins Charles R. , Martin Robert C.G. , Carlson David J. , Laidley Alison L. , El‐Eid Souzan E. , McGlothin Terre Q. , Noyes Robert D. , McMasters Kelly M. ,   University of Louisville Breast Sentinel Lymph Node Study
Published: February 2006

BACKGROUND

Breast conservation surgery (BCS) and mastectomy have equivalent survival outcomes for women with breast carcinoma, but treatment decisions are affected by many factors. The current study evaluated the impact of patient and physician factors on surgical decision‐making.

METHODS

Statistical analyses were performed on a prospective multicenter study of patients with invasive breast carcinoma. Patient, physician, and geographic factors were considered.

RESULTS

Of 4086 patients, BCS was performed in 2762 (67.6%) and mastectomy was performed in 1324 (32.4%). The median tumor size was 1.5 cm (range, < 0.1–9.0 cm) in patients undergoing BCS and 1.9 cm (range, 0.1–11.0 cm) in patients undergoing mastectomy (P < 0.00001). The median age of patients undergoing BCS was 59 years (range, 27–100 yrs), whereas patients who underwent mastectomy were older (median age of 63 yrs, range, 27–96 yrs [P < 0.00001]). Physicians in academic practices performed more lumpectomies than those who were not in an academic practice (70.9% vs. 65.7%; P = 0.001). More breast conservation procedures were performed by surgeons with a higher percentage of breast practice (P = 0.012). Geographic location was found to be significant, with the Northeast having the highest rate of breast conservation (70.8%) and the Southeast having the lowest (63.2%; P = 0.002). On multivariate analysis, patient age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.455; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.247–1.699 [P < 0.001]), tumor size (P < 0.001), tumor palpability (OR: 0.613; 95% CI, 0.524–0.716 [P < 0.001]), histologic subtype (P = 0.018), tumor location in the breast (P < 0.001), physician academic affiliation (OR: 1.193; 95% CI: 1.021–1.393 [P = 0.026]), and geographic location (P = 0.045) were found to be significant.

CONCLUSIONS

Treatment decisions were found to be related to patient clinicopathologic features, surgeon academic affiliation, and geographic location. Future studies will elucidate the communication and psychosocial factors that may influence patient decision‐making. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Genetic alterations in urothelial bladder carcinoma
Authors: Mhawech‐Fauceglia Paulette , Cheney Richard T. , Schwaller Juerg
Published: February 2006

New oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes that play an important role in the pathogenesis of urothelial bladder carcinoma have been discovered. The objectives of this review were to summarize the most important oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes involved in urothelial carcinoma and to address their role in pathogenesis, their prognostic value, and their potential use as therapeutic targets. The collected data led the authors to propose a common pathway in which the fibroblastic growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) mutation seems to be the earliest genetic abnormality responsible for the transformation from normal tissue to atypia and dysplasia. Three different progression pathways were proposed: The first operative pathway is from dysplasia to superficial papillary pathologic Ta (pTa) tumors to pT1 tumors and, ultimately, to pT2 tumors with FGFR3 and tuberous sclerosis complex 1 (TSC1) the responsible genes. The second major operative pathway is from dysplasia, to carcinoma in situ, and to solid pT1 and pT2 tumors. The third pathway of progression is from dysplasia to papillary T1 and pT2 tumors. The genes involved in the last 2 pathways are the p53, serine threonine protein kinase 15 (STK15), triple‐function domain (TRIO), fragile histidine triad (FHIT), p63 genes; and alterations of 20q and 5p, alterations of adhesions, angiogenesis, and matrix‐remodeling gene products also are involved. Finally, murine leukemia viral oncogene homologue 1 (RAF1) and CD9 are involved in the progression from papillary pT1 tumors to pT2 tumors. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
An improved method for discrimination of cell populations in tissue sections using microscopy‐based multicolor tissue cytometry
Authors: Ecker Rupert C. , Rogojanu Radu , Streit Marc , Oesterreicher Katja , Steiner Georg E.
Published: February 2006

Background:

In tissue context, researchers and pathologists lack a generally applicable standard for quantitative determination of cytological parameters. Increasing knowledge of disease‐specific markers calls for an appropriate in situ tissue cytometry.

Methods:

Microscopy‐based multicolor tissue cytometry (MMTC) permits multicolor analysis of single cells within tissue context.

Results:

Tissue specimens stained for CD45/CD3/CD4/CD8 were analyzed. Specificity as well as reproducibility of MMTC is demonstrated and a novel MMTC‐based function to improve visual discrimination of subpopulations is introduced.

Conclusions:

Our data demonstrate that MMTC constitutes an important step toward automated and quantitative fluorometry of solid tissues and cell monolayers. © 2006 International Society for Analytical Cytology
Increased immature hematopoietic progenitor cells CD34+/CD38dim in myelodysplasia
Authors: Monreal Mariela B. , Pardo Maria L. , Pavlovsky Miguel A. , Fernandez Isolda , Corrado Claudia S. , Giere Isabel , Sapia Sandra , Pavlovsky Santiago
Published: February 2006

Background

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are clonal disorders affecting hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC). Despite the relevance of clonal CD34+ cells in developing MDS, only few studies analyze the phenotype of this cell population. The aim of this study was to evaluate phenotypic changes on HPC in MDS that could reflect abnormalities in the differentiation process of stem cells.

Methods

We analyzed the expression of CD38 and HLA‐DR on CD34+ cells by flow cytometry in 36 patients with MDS, as well as in healthy donors (n = 12) and patients with other hematological disorders: non‐Hodgkin lymphomas and multiple myeloma, both in complete remission (CR) (n = 32); acute lymphoblastic leukemia in CR (n = 17); de novo acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) at diagnosis (n = 22) and in CR (n = 37); and AML secondary to MDS at diagnosis (n = 19). Cases with available karyotype were grouped according to the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS).

Results

Compared to normal BM, the fraction of immature HPC, characterized as CD34+bright, intermediate FSC/SSC, and CD38dim, was significantly increased in high risk MDS and secondary AML, but not in low risk MDS, (P ≤ 0.001, P = 0.03, and P = 0.7). De novo AML showed decreased immature HPC. High numbers of immature HPC correlated with higher IPSS risk groups (P = 0.05) and showed significant impact on disease progression (P = 0.03).

Conclusion

Our study confirms that evaluation of CD38 expression pattern on HPC is an easy and reproducible test that allows evaluating the immature subset of progenitor cells. Increased immature HPC in high risk MDS and secondary AML may reflect blocked differentiation of CD34+ cells in these diseases. © 2006 International Society for Analytical Cytology
Combined fair packet scheduling policy and multi‐class adaptive CAC scheme for QoS provisioning in multimedia cellular networks
Authors: Bejaoui Tarek , Vèque Véronique , Tabbane Sami
Published: February 2006

In this paper, we propose a combined multi‐class adaptive connection admission control algorithm and a new fair packet scheduling policy, based on an enhanced weighted fair queuing algorithm. It takes into account a realistic behaviour of traffic while considering the spatial variation of the system characterizing both the user mobility and the signal propagation impairments due to the surrounding effects. The proposed allocation scheme provides enhanced traffic performance in heterogeneous environments and achieves a good level of capacity gain. The new adaptive quality of service (QoS) oriented connection admission control (CAC) function is proposed to meet the rapidly increasing demand for providing multimedia services with diversified quality requirements. It decides whether the connection request is to be admitted into the system, on the basis of the generated interference level and the waiting time before access. This CAC scheme, based on service class differentiation, aims at maximizing the use of available radio resource and meeting the QoS requirement of higher priority users as much as possible while maintaining the minimum requirements of lower priority users, especially when the system suffers from congestion. The results indicate that significantly increased traffic performance can be achieved in comparison with other conventional investigated policies. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Layered view of QoS issues in IP‐based mobile wireless networks
Authors: Bai Haowei , Atiquzzaman Mohammed , Lilja David J.
Published: February 2006

With the convergence of wireless communication and IP‐based networking technologies, future IP‐based wireless networks are expected to support real‐time multimedia. IP services over wireless networks (e.g. wireless access to Internet) enhance the mobility and flexibility of traditional IP network users. Wireless networks extend the current IP service infrastructure to a mix of transmission media, bandwidth, costs, coverage, and service agreements, requiring enhancements to the IP protocol layers in wireless networks. Furthermore, QoS provisioning is required at various layers of the IP protocol stack to guarantee different types of service requests, giving rise to issues related to cross‐layer design methodology. This paper reviews issues and prevailing solutions to performance enhancements and QoS provisioning for IP services over mobile wireless networks from a layered view. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gebäudeaussteifung mittels vorgespannter Dünn‐ und “Normalbett”‐Mauertafeln
Authors: Budelmann Harald , Gunkler Erhard , Wichmann Hans‐Joachim , Husemann Ulf
Published: February 2006

In diesem Beitrag wird die Wirkung von vorgespannten Wandtafeln aus Kalksandstein zur Aussteifung von Gebäuden am Beispiel der neu errichteten Halle 8 der MPA Braunschweig vorgestellt. Erstmalig wurde in Deutschland die Vorspannung von vor Ort erstelltem Mauerwerk am technischen Museum in Berlin eingesetzt. Der Unterschied der Bauweise der Halle 8 zu der des technischen Museums liegt in der Vorspannung von werkseitig gefertigten Wandtafeln in Dünn‐ und Normalbett, die geschoßhoch auf die Baustelle geliefert und vor Ort vorgespannt wurden. Derzeit existiert für dieses Bauverfahren noch keine allgemeine bauaufsichtliche Zulassung. Die Xella International GmbH rechnet für das erste Quartal 2006 mit der Erteilung einer Allgemeinen bauaufsichtlichen Zulassung für vorspannbare Wandtafeln mit dem dazugehörigen Spannsystem der Firma SUSPA DSI.
Grundlegende Erläuterung zum modifizierten Zulassungsverfahren für Feuerschutzabschlüsse (Stand: 1. Dezember 2005)
Authors: Wimmer Heidrun
Published: February 2006

Die Ergebnisse aus der Erprobung des modifizierten Zulassungsverfahrens für Feuerschutzabschlüsse, gewonnen in Zusammenarbeit der am Zulassungsverfahren Beteiligten (Antragsteller, Prüfstelle und DIBt), werden im Folgenden grundlegend erläutert. Sie werden – nach Beratung im dafür zuständigen Sachverständigenausschuss (SVA) “Feuerschutzabschlüsse” – als Zulassungsgrundsätze die Grundlage bilden für die Erteilung von allgemeinen bauaufsichtlichen Zulassungen durch das Deutsche Institut für Bautechnik. Die Erkenntnisse aus der Erprobungsphase sind daher in ihrem Aufbau bereits als Zulassungsgrundsätze zusammengefasst.
Allgemeine bauaufsichtliche Zulassung Z‐14.1‐4 “Verbindungselemente zur Verbindung von Bauteilen im Metallleichtbau” vom 6. September 2005
Authors: Ulbrich Detlef
Published: February 2006

Mit Bescheid vom 6. September 2005 wurde die allgemeine bauaufsichtliche Zulassung (abZ) Z‐14.1‐4 “Verbindungselemente zur Verbindung von Bauteilen im Metallleichtbau” erteilt. Sie ersetzt die allgemeine bauaufsichtliche Zulassung Z‐14.1‐4 “Verbindungselemente zur Verwendung bei Konstruktionen mit Kaltprofilen aus Stahlblech – insbesondere mit Stahlprofiltafeln” vom 25. Juni 1990 und somit auch die zugehörigen diversen Änderungs‐, Ergänzungs‐ und Verlängerungsbescheide.
Die neuen Normen der Reihe DIN�1055 und ihre bauaufsichtliche Behandlung
Authors: Häusler Vera
Published: February 2006

Dieser kurze Überblick über die neuen Normen der Reihe DIN 1055 zeigt, dass sich die Ermittlung der einwirkenden Lasten auf Tragwerke geändert hat: Insgesamt bedeutet die genauere Erfassung der Einwirkungen z. T. erheblich höheren Aufwand – nicht nur bei der eigentlichen Lastermittlung, sondern auch bei der nachfolgenden Tragwerksberechnung. Letzteres trifft besonders bei den Windlasten und Schneelasten zu.

Die Gründe für die z. T. erheblichen Änderungen liegen in der Anpassung an das neue Sicherheitskonzept und der daraus folgenden Anpassung der Lastannahmen an die realen klimatischen Verhältnisse.
Betonstahl nach EN 10080 – Was haben wir zu erwarten?
Authors: Hartz Uwe
Published: February 2006

Mit Ausgabedatum August 2005 liegt die Europäische Norm DIN EN 10080 als Weißdruck vor (englische Fassung Mai 2005), im Amtsblatt der EU ist die harmonisierte Norm mit Datum vom 14. Dezember 2005 veröffentlicht, der Beginn der Koexistenzperiode wurde auf den 1. Dezember 2006 festgelegt. Damit sind in absehbarer Zeit (nach Bekanntmachung der Norm in den Mitgliedstaaten) die Voraussetzungen gegeben, CE‐gekennzeichneten Betonstahl in Verkehr zu bringen und frei zu handeln. Diese durch ECISS/TC19/SC1 erarbeitete harmonisierte Norm stellt einen neuen Typ insofern dar, dass sie zwar die Parameter aufführt, die technische Klassen definieren, diese Parameter aber ohne konkrete Zahlenwerte bleiben. Dem Produkt Betonstahl wird neben dem aus DIN 488 bekannten Werkkennzeichen eine zusätzliche dauerhafte (unauslöschliche) Kennzeichnung in Form einer Produktnummer aufgewalzt, die die jeweiligen Parameter (Leistungsmerkmale) symbolisiert und damit eine Klasse definiert. Welche Stähle mit welcher Produktnummer in den einzelnen Ländern verwendet werden dürfen, ist national unter Verweis auf entsprechende technische Spezifikationen (i.Allg. Normen) festzulegen. Im Folgenden werden nach einer kurzen Einführung über Entstehungsgeschichte und Inhalt der Norm die zu erwartenden Konsequenzen und die notwendigen bauaufsichtlichen Regelungen erläutert, wobei zu berücksichtigen ist, dass diese noch in der Diskussion sind.
Calcium‐responsive contractility during fertilization in sea urchin eggs
Authors: Stack Christianna , Lucero Amy J. , Shuster Charles B.
Published: February 2006

Fertilization triggers a reorganization of oocyte cytoskeleton, and in sea urchins, there is a dramatic increase in cortical F‐actin. However, the role that myosin II plays during fertilization remains largely unexplored. Myosin II is localized to the cortical cytoskeleton both before and after fertilization and to examine myosin II contractility in living cells, Lytechinus pictus eggs were observed by time‐lapse microscopy. Upon sperm binding, a cell surface deflection traversed the egg that was followed by and dependent on the calcium wave. The calcium‐dependence of surface contractility could be reproduced in unfertilized eggs, where mobilization of intracellular calcium in unfertilized eggs under compression resulted in a marked contractile response. Lastly, inhibition of myosin II delayed absorption of the fertilization cone, suggesting that myosin II not only responds to the same signals that activate eggs but also participates in the remodeling of the cortical actomyosin cytoskeleton during the first zygotic cell cycle. Developmental Dynamics 235:1042–1052, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The role of the forkhead transcription factor, Foxc1, in the development of the mouse lacrimal gland
Authors: Mattiske Deidre , Sommer Paula , Kidson Susan H. , Hogan Brigid L.M.
Published: February 2006

The lacrimal gland produces secretions that lubricate and protect the cornea of the eye. Foxc1 encodes a forkhead/winged helix transcription factor required for the development of many embryonic organs. Autosomal dominant mutations in human FOXC1 cause eye disorders such as Axenfeld‐Rieger Syndrome and glaucoma iris hypoplasia, resulting from malformation of the anterior segment of the eye. We show here that lacrimal gland development is severely impaired in homozygous null Foxc1 mouse mutants, with reduced outgrowth and branching. Foxc1 is expressed in both the epithelium of the lacrimal gland and the surrounding mesenchyme. FGF10 stimulates the growth and branching morphogenesis in cultures of wild type and Foxc1 mutant gland epithelial buds. However, using micromass culture of lacrimal gland mesenchyme, we show that Bmp7 induces wild type mesenchyme cells to aggregate, but Foxc1 mutant cells do not respond. This study demonstrates that Foxc1 mediates the BMP signaling required for lacrimal gland development. Developmental Dynamics 235:1074–1080, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of Xenopus laevis Lhx2 during eye development and evidence for divergent expression among vertebrates
Authors: Viczian Andrea S. , Bang Anne G. , Harris William A. , Zuber Michael E.
Published: February 2006

Members of the LIM homeodomain (LIM‐HD) family of proteins are double zinc‐finger containing transcription factors with important functions in pattern formation and cell lineage determination. The LIM‐HD family member Lhx2 is required for normal eye, liver, and central nervous system formation. Lhx2−/− mice lack eyes, and experiments in Xenopus predict that Lhx2 forms a regulatory network with other eye field transcription factors to specify the eye field during eye formation. Here, we describe the structure and developmental expression pattern of the Xenopus laevis homologue, XLhx2. We show that XLhx2 shares significant amino acid sequence identity with other vertebrate Lhx2 proteins and Drosophila apterous (ap). The expression patterns of XLhx2 in the early neural plate and during eye development are consistent with a role in eye field specification and retinal differentiation. Despite highly similar expression patterns in the mouse and Xenopus central nervous system, divergent expression patterns were also observed. Phylogentic analysis confirmed the identity of the isolated cDNA as a Xenopus ortholog of Lhx2. Therefore, in spite of structural similarities, the mouse and Xenopus Lhx2 expression patterns differ, suggesting potential functional differences in these species. Developmental Dynamics 235:1133–1141, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Single‐Source‐Precursor Approach to Late Transition Metal Molybdate Materials: The Structural Role of Chelating Ligands in the Formation of Heterometallic Heteroleptic Alkoxide Complexes
Authors: Werndrup Pia , Seisenbaeva Gulaim A. , Westin Gunnar , Persson Ingmar , Kessler Vadim G.
Published: February 2006

The synthesis and structural determination of three new heterometallic molybdenum complexes, one with cobalt and two with nickel and two of these with β‐diketonate ligands and one with amino alcohol ligands, are presented. The reaction of cobalt acetylacetonate with [MoO(OMe)4] provides [Co2Mo2O2(acac)2(OMe)10] (1) and [MoO(acac)(OMe)3] (4),and the reaction of nickel acetylacetonate with [MoO(OMe)4]provides [Ni2Mo2O2(acac)2(OMe)10] (2) and 4. The reaction of [Ni(ORN)2] (RN = CHMeCH2NMe2) with [MoO(OMe)4] yields [Ni2Mo2O2(ORN)2(OMe)10] (3). The two new oxomolybdenum complexes undergo ether elimination upon storage to give the corresponding dioxo complexes [MoO2(acac)(OMe)]2 (5) and [MoO2(ORN)(OMe)]2 (6). Compounds 3 and 4 could also be obtained from the reaction of stoichiometric amounts of Hacac with [MoO(OMe)4] and [MoO2(OMe)2], respectively. The local structure around the nickel atom in compound 2 in solution and compound 3 in the solid state and in toluene/hexane solution has been determined by means of EXAFS spectroscopy. The complexes are intended to be used as single‐source precursors, which are attractive in coatings and for the preparation of mesoporous materials; its application for the synthesis of nickel molybdate by sol–gel processing is therefore reported. The oxide material obtained from 3 displays a uniform grain size and a large surface area. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
The Role of Anions in Addressing the Outcome of the Reaction of Tetramethylthiourea with cis‐PtII(phos)2 Moieties (phos = PPh3 or ${1 \over 2}$dppe), Cyclometallation vs. Hydrolysis to Monothiocarbamato, and the Crystal Structure of trans‐Bis(N‐dimethylmonothiocarbamato)bis(triphenylphosphane)platinum(II)
Authors: Alesi Maria , Fantasia Serena , Manassero Mario , Pasini Alessandro
Published: February 2006

The product of the reaction between tetramethylthiourea (tmtu) and cis‐PtII(phos)2 moieties (phos = PPh3, or ${1 \over 2}$ dppe)depends on the anionic species present. With NO3–, CF3CO2–,CF3SO3– and BF4–, the cyclometallate cationic complex [Pt(phos)2(tmtu*‐C,S)]+ is obtained (tmtu* is tmtu deprotonated at one methyl group). The acetato and malonato complexes are inactive towards such deprotonation, but, in the presence of water, promote tmtu hydrolysis with formation of N‐dimethylmonothiocarbamato (mtc) complexes in which mtc is S‐coordinated. cis‐[Pt(PPh3)2(mtc)2] isomerises slowly to the trans isomer, whose crystal structure is reported. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Nebularic Acids and Nebularilactones, Novel Drimane Sesquiterpenoids from the Fungus Lepista nebularis
Authors: Kemami Wangun Hilaire V. , Dörfelt Heinrich , Hertweck Christian
Published: February 2006

Four (nor‐)drimane sesquiterpenoids, nebularic acids A (1) and B (2) and nebularilactones A (3) and B (4), were isolated from a cultured Lepista nebularis strain by bioassay‐guided chromatography, and their structures were elucidated by mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. Nebularic acid A (1) and in particular nebularic acid B (2), which features an α,β‐epoxy carboxylate moiety, show antifungal and antibacterial activities. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Synthesis of Ecteinascidin 743 Analogues from Cyanosafracin B: Isolation of a Kinetically Stable Quinoneimine Tautomer of a 5‐Hydroxyindole
Authors: Ceballos Plácido A. , Pérez Marta , Cuevas Carmen , Francesch Andrés , Manzanares Ignacio , Echavarren Antonio M.
Published: February 2006

Phthalimido derivatives of cyanosafracin B have been synthesized as analogues of the antitumor agent ecteinascidin 743. As part of this study, a quinoneimine has been prepared, which is a kinetically stable tautomer of a 5‐hydroxyindole. This quinoneimine tautomer is stable under acidic and mild basic conditions. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Vapor‐Surface Sol‐Gel Deposition of Titania Alternated with Protein Adsorption for Assembly of Electroactive, Enzyme‐Active Films
Authors: Lu Haiyun , Yang Jing , Rusling James F. , Hu Naifei
Published: February 2006

Combining vapor‐surface sol‐gel deposition of titania with alternate adsorption of oppositely charged iron heme proteins provided ultrathin {TiO2/protein}n films with reversible voltammetry extended to 15 TiO2/protein bilayers, more than twice that of more conventional polyion‐protein or nanoparticle‐protein films made by alternate layer‐by‐layer adsorption. Catalytic activity toward O2, H2O2, and NO$\rm{ {_{2}^{-}}}$ was also improved significantly compared to the conventionally fabricated films. The method involves vaporization of titanium butoxide into thin films of water, forming porous TiO2 sol‐gel layers. Myoglobin (Mb), hemoglobin (Hb), and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were assembled by adsorption alternated with the vapor‐deposited TiO2 layers. Improved electrochemical and catalytic performance may be related to better film permeability leading to better mass transport within the films, as suggested by studies with soluble voltammetric probes, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The electrochemical and electrocatalytic activity of the films can be controlled by tailoring the amount of water with which the metal alkoxide precursor vapor reacts and the number of bilayers deposited in the assembly.
Monolithic silica capillary column with coated cellulose tris(3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate) for capillary electrochromatographic separation of enantiomers
Authors: Qin Feng , Xie Chuanhui , Feng Shun , Ou Junjie , Kong Liang , Ye Mingliang , Zou Hanfa
Published: February 2006

Monolithic silica capillary columns were prepared by a sol‐gel process in fused‐silica capillaries with an inner diameter of 50 μm and were modified by coating of cellulose tris(3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate). Influences of the factors in the modification process on enantiomer separations were investigated. The prepared columns were used to perform enantiomer separations by CEC. Fifteen and two pairs of enantiomers were separated under aqueous and nonaqueous mobile phases, respectively, and most of them were baseline‐separated with very high column efficiencies. The Van Deemter curve was found flat under high linear velocity of the mobile phase, which indicated favorable kinetic properties of the prepared columns. Baseline separation of a pair of enantiomers was achieved in 90 s with high‐column efficiency by short‐end separation under high voltage.
Determination of acid–base dissociation constants of amino‐ and guanidinopurine nucleotide analogs and related compounds by capillary zone electrophoresis
Authors: Šolínová Veronika , Kašička Václav , Koval Dušan , Česnek Michal , Holý Antonín
Published: February 2006

CZE has been applied for determination of acid–base dissociation constants (pKa) of ionogenic groups of newly synthesized amino‐ and (amino)guanidinopurine nucleotide analogs, such as acyclic nucleoside phosphonate, acyclic nucleoside phosphonate diesters and other related compounds. These compounds bear characteristic pharmacophores contained in various important biologically active substances, such as cytostatics and antivirals. The pKa values of ionogenic groups of the above compounds were determined by nonlinear regression analysis of the experimentally measured pH dependence of their effective electrophoretic mobilities. The effective mobilities were measured by CZE performed in series of BGEs in a broad pH range (3.50–11.25), at constant ionic strength (25 mM) and temperature (25°C). pKa values were determined for the protonated guanidinyl group in (amino)guanidino 9‐alkylpurines and in (amino)guanidinopurine nucleotide analogs, such as acyclic nucleoside phosphonates and acyclic nucleoside phosphonate diesters, for phosphonic acid to the second dissociation degree (—2) in acyclic nucleoside phosphonates of amino and (amino)guanidino 9‐alkylpurines, and for protonated nitrogen in position 1 (N1) of purine moiety in acyclic nucleoside phosphonates of amino 9‐alkylpurines. Thermodynamic pKa of protonated guanidinyl group was estimated to be in the range of 7.75–10.32, pKa of phosphonic acid to the second dissociation degree achieved values of 6.64–7.46, and pKa of protonated nitrogen in position 1 of purine was in the range of 4.13–4.89, depending on the structure of the analyzed compounds.
Radiation‐induced DNA damage and repair in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from Nijmegen breakage syndrome patients and carriers assessed by the Comet assay
Authors: Bürger Susann , Schindler Detlev , Fehn Martin , Mühl Bettina , Mahrhofer Hartmut , Flentje Michael , Hoehn Holger , Seemanová Eva , Djuzenova Cholpon S.
Published: February 2006

Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS) patients and carriers are predisposed to malignancy and are often treated with X‐irradiation. In the present study, the single‐cell gel electrophoresis (Comet) assay was used to examine radiation‐induced DNA damage and repair in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from NBS patients (n = 13) and carriers (n = 36) of six unrelated families. Cells from apparently healthy donors (n = 10) and from breast cancer patients with normal clinical radiosensitivity (n = 10) served as controls. Cells were irradiated with 5 Gy of X‐rays and assayed for initial DNA damage and for residual DNA damage after 40 min of repair; the kinetics of DNA repair also was estimated. In addition, the nuclear area of unirradiated cells was extracted from the Comet data. The initial radiation‐induced DNA fragmentation indicated that cells from members of two out of six NBS families were significantly more sensitive to X‐irradiation than cells from the controls. Cells from four NBS families had longer DNA repair half‐time values, while cells from five NBS families had significantly increased residual DNA damage following repair. The mean nuclear area of unirradiated cells processed in the Comet assay was 1.3‐fold higher in cells from all NBS families than in the controls (P < 0.05). Notably, the Comet assay parameters (initial and residual DNA damage and the repair kinetics) of irradiated NBS cells predicted the carrier status of the majority (86%) of blindly tested individuals. The prediction of NBS status was higher if the nuclear area of unirradiated cells was used as the endpoint. The results of this study suggest that the impaired radiation response of NBS cells should be taken into account if radiotherapy of NBS patients and carriers is required. Environ. Mol. Mutagen, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
DNA damage in bone marrow and blood cells of mice exposed to municipal sludge leachates
Authors: Tewari Anamika , Dhawan Alok , Gupta Shrawan Kumar
Published: February 2006

Leachates of municipal solid waste from unsecured disposal sites contaminate sources of potable water and affect human health. In the present study, we have used the Comet assay to evaluate the DNA damage in mice exposed to municipal sludge leachates. Ten percent leachates were prepared from municipal sludge obtained from two different disposal drains. Male Swiss albino mice were treated daily with 0.1–0.4 ml of the leachates by oral gavage for 15 days, and the DNA damage was evaluated in bone marrow and blood using Olive tail moment, % tail DNA, and tail length as measures of DNA damage. Physicochemical and metal analysis of the leachates detected the presence of cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, lead, and zinc, as well as elevated concentrations of sulfate and nitrate. Both of the leachates produced significant dose‐responsive increases in DNA damage in both mouse tissues. There were no significant differences in the responses for any of the Comet endpoints between tissues (for the same leachate sample) or between leachate samples (for the same tissue). The results of this study indicate that municipal waste leachates produce DNA damage in vivo. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.