bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Burden of HIV and treatment outcomes among TB patients in rural Kenya: a 9-year longitudinal study.
Authors: Ngari Moses M. , Rashid Mohammed A , Sanga Deche , Mathenge Hiram , Agoro Oscar , Mberia Jane K. , Katana Geoffrey G. , Vaillant Michel , Abdullahi Osman A.
Published: January 2023

Background
Although tuberculosis (TB) patients coinfected with HIV are at risk of poor treatment outcomes, there is paucity of data on changing trends of TB/HIV co-infection and their treatment outcomes. This study aims to estimate the burden of TB/HIV co-infection over time, describe the treatment available to TB/HIV patients and estimate the effect of TB/HIV co-infection on TB treatment outcomes.
Methods
This was a retrospective data analyses from TB surveillance in two counties in Kenya (Nyeri and Kilifi): 2012‒2020. All TB patients aged ≥ 18years were included. The main exposure was HIV status categorised as infected, negative or unknown status. World Health Organization TB treatment outcomes were explored; cured, treatment complete, failed treatment, defaulted/lost-to-follow-up, died and transferred out. Time at risk was from date of starting TB treatment to six months later/date of the event and Cox proportion with shared frailties models were used to estimate effects of TB/HIV co-infection on TB treatment outcomes.
Results
The study includes 27285 patients, median (IQR) 37 (29‒49) years old and 64% male. 23986 (88%) were new TB cases and 91% were started on 2RHZE/4RH anti-TB regimen. Overall, 7879 (29%, 95% 28‒30%) were HIV infected. The proportion of HIV infected patient was 32% in 2012 and declined to 24% in 2020 (trend P-value = 0.01). Uptake of ARTs (95%) and cotrimoxazole prophylaxis (99%) was high. Overall, 84% patients completed six months TB treatment, 2084 (7.6%) died, 4.3% LTFU, 0.9% treatment failure and 2.8% transferred out. HIV status was associated with lower odds of completing TB treatment: infected Vs negative (aOR 0.56 (95%CI 0.52‒0.61) and unknown vs negative (aOR 0.57 (95%CI 0.44‒0.73). Both HIV infected and unknown status were associated with higher hazard of death: (aHR 2.40 (95%CI 2.18‒2.63) and 1.93 (95%CI 1.44‒2.56)) respectively and defaulting treatment/LTFU: aHR 1.16 (95%CI 1.01‒1.32) and 1.55 (95%CI 1.02‒2.35)) respectively. HIV status had no effect on hazard of transferring out and treatment failure.
Conclusion
The burden of TB/HIV coinfection was within previous pooled estimate. Our findings support the need for systematic HIV testing as those with unknown status had similar TB treatment outcomes as the HIV infected.
Towards more personalized digital health interventions: impact of emotions and physical complaints on goals, action and coping plans to promote physical activity
Authors: Schroé Helene , Dyck Delfien Van , De Paepe Annick , Braun Maya , Crombez Geert
Published: January 2023

Background.
Despite effectiveness of action and coping planning in digital health interventions to promote physical activity (PA), attrition rates remain high. Indeed, support to make plans is often abstract and generic. Nevertheless, people are different, and context varies. Tailored support involving personalized suggestions of specific plans, may be one way to help. As a first step, we designed a study to identify whether dynamic user information (i.e. emotions, physical complaints) relates toward goals, specific action plans (APs) and coping plans (CPs).
Methods.
Each morning for eight consecutive days, students (n = 362) were instructed to create APs and CPs to reach their PA goal and answered questions regarding emotions and physical complaints. To examine associations between emotions, physical complaints and content of the created goals, APs and CPs, generalized linear mixed effect models were fitted using the lme4-package in R.
Results.
Between- and within-individual variations in emotions and physical complaints influenced the content of goals. When experiencing more positive emotions, a higher goal in terms of minutes PA was set (within: P < .001, between: P = .023). If participants had more negative emotions, were more fatigued and experienced more pain, a lower goal in terms of minutes PA was set (within: P < .001; within: P < .001; within: P = .025 respectively). Between- and within-individual variations in positive emotions, fatigue and pain also influenced the content of APs and barriers of CPs. When experiencing more positive emotions, activities outside (within: P = .016, between: P = .011), not at home (within: P = .013, between: P = .007) and with someone else were preferred (within: P < .001, between: P < .001), whereas if participants were more fatigued, they preferred doing activities alone (within: P = .006), and if participants experienced more pain, they preferred light-to-moderate instead of high intensity activities (within: P = .024). Lastly, when participants had more positive emotions, they reported more external barriers (within: P = .004, between: P = .003) whereas when participants were more fatigued and experienced more pain, they reported more internal barriers (within: P = .010, between: P < .001; within: P < .001 respectively).
Conclusions.
This study reveals associations between emotions, physical complaints and the content of goals, APs and CPs participants set. Consequently, the knowledge acquired from these findings might be used to ultimately personalize suggestions of goals, APs and CPs in a more dynamic manner. However, further validation and refinement with experts and experimental designs are needed.
AMMI and GGE biplot analysis of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) genotypes for dry season performance of marketable tuber yield
Authors: Fantaw Solomon
Published: January 2023

Background

Potato is the 4th most important crop in the World and among the key food security crop in Ethiopia. But its productivity in Ethiopia is much lower than the crop potential due to genetic and environmental factors. Hence, multi-environment evaluation of potato genotypes is important to determine the magnitude of genotype, environment, and their interaction effect on marketable yield and to identify which genotypes would be appropriate in which production areas. Taking this objective into consideration, 13 potato genotypes were evaluated for two dry cropping seasons (2018 and 2019) in three locations in northwestern Ethiopia.

Results

The analysis of variance detected differences (P < 0.01) among genotypes (33.8%), environments (40.2%), and genotype-by-environment interaction (24.3%) for marketable tuber yield. Belete, Gera, and Guassa genotypes were the top 3 genotypes on the ideal testing environment (Dt2) axis. The mean and stability graph of the GGE biplots revealed Belete and Guassa as the most stable and high-yielding genotypes followed by Gera and Jalenie. Furthermore, based on ideal genotype ranking, Genotype Belete was in the first concentric circle and ranked first via yield stability index (YSI) with the highest marketable tuber yield performance (33.14 t/ha).

Conclusions

The findings indicated that genotype Belete appears to be an ideal genotype for the environment. Thus, using Belete genotype increases the marketable yield by 165% as compared to the local genotype. Therefore, promoting this genotype helps boost potato production and productivity in the study environment as well as similar agroecological areas.
Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease and tauopathies on whole slide histopathology images using a weakly supervised deep learning algorithm
Authors: Kim Minji , Sekiya Hiroaki , Martin Nicholas B. , Castanedes-Casey Monica , Dickson Dennis W. , Hwang Tae Hyun , Koga Shunsuke
Published: January 2023

Neuropathological assessment at autopsy is the gold standard for diagnosing neurodegenerative disorders. We aimed to develop a pipeline for diagnosing Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies, including corticobasal degeneration, globular glial tauopathy, Pick’s disease, and progressive supranuclear palsy. We used deep learning (DL)-based approach called clustering-constrained-attention multiple instance learning (CLAM) on whole slide images (WSIs) of tau immunohistochemistry in three brain regions from 120 patients. We also augmented gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM) to the model for visualizing cellular-level evidence in the model’s decisions. The model using the sections of cingulate and superior frontal gyri achieved the highest area under the curve (0.970±0.037) and diagnostic accuracy (0.873±0.087). Grad-CAM showed the highest attention in known pathognomonic tau lesions for each disease (e.g., Pick bodies for Pick’s disease). Our findings supported the feasibility of the DL-based approach for the classification task on WSIs, which encouraged further investigation, especially focusing on clinicopathological correlation studies.
Mental health and disability research in Ghana: a rapid review
Authors: Mwangi Grace , Sakyi Lionel , Ae-Ngibise Kenneth A. , Lund Crick , Weobong Benedict
Published: January 2023

Introduction:
The objective of this rapid review was to explore the current evidence base for mental health and disability research in Ghana.
Methods
The PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Rapid Reviews) checklist was followed. Online databases were used to identify primary studies, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, rapid reviews, or guidelines published between 2010 and 2020. All relevant published (peer-reviewed articles) and unpublished papers (grey literature) on mental health and/or disability research conducted in or on Ghana between 2010 and 2020 were included in this review.
Results
4,791 articles were identified in the initial search. After the removal of duplicates, followed by title and abstract screening, 930 articles were selected for full text review. An additional 8 articles identified from reference lists of included articles were also included in full text review. After review, 375 articles were selected for inclusion; 234 (62%) were on mental health while the remaining 141 (38%) were on disability. Most of the mental health studies included in this review were either observational quantitative studies (n = 132; 56%) or observational qualitative studies (n = 79; 34%). There were very few interventional studies (n = 6; 3%). A similar finding was noted for the disability studies. External funding accounted for 51% of mental health articles.
Conclusion
Although there was a steady year-on-year increase in the absolute number of mental health and/or disability studies conducted between 2010 to 2020, there is a need for more intervention studies to evaluate what mental health and/or disability interventions work, for whom, and under what circumstances. These should include evaluations of the cost, benefits, effectiveness, and acceptability of various interventions for policy and planning. Further, there is a need for the Ministry of health to prioritize research funding for mental health and disability and enhance technical and methodological capacity of researchers to conduct disability and mental health research in Ghana.
Spatiotemporal Patterns of Early Afterdepolarizations Underlying Abnormal T-wave Morphologies in a Tissue Model of the Purkinje-Ventricular System
Authors: Yuan Mengya , Lian Heqiang , Li Pan
Published: January 2023

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a leading cause of death worldwide, and the majority of SCDs are caused by acute ventricular arrhythmias (VAs). Early afterdepolarizations (EADs) are an important trigger of VA under pathological conditions, e.g., inherited or acquired long QT syndrome (LQTS). However, it remains unclear how EAD events at the cellular level are spatially organized at the tissue level to induce and maintain ventricular arrhythmias and whether the spatial-temporal patterns of EADs at the tissue level are associated with abnormal T-wave morphologies that are often observed in LQTS, such as broad-based, notched or bifid; late appearance; and pointed T-waves. Here, a tissue model of the Purkinje-ventricular system (PVS) was developed to quantitatively investigate the complex spatial-temporal dynamics of EADs during T-wave abnormalities. We found that (1) while major inhibition of ICaL can substantially reduce the excitability of the PVS leading to conduction failures, moderate ICaL inhibition can promote occurrences of AP alternans at short cycle lengths (CLs), and EAD events preferentially occur with a major reduction of IKr (>50%) at long CLs; (2) with a minor reduction of ICaL, spatially synchronized steady-state EAD events with inverted and biphasic T-waves can be “weakened” into beat-to-beat concurrences of spatially synchronized EADs and T-wave alternans, and as pacing CLs increase, beat-to-beat concurrences of localized EADs with late-appearing and pointed T-wave morphologies can be observed; (3) under certain conditions, localized EAD events in the midmyocardium may trigger slow uni-directional electric propagation with inverted (antegrade) or upright (retrograde) broad-based T-waves; (4) spatially discordant EADs were typically characterized by desynchronized spontaneous onsets of EAD events between two groups of PVS tissues with biphasic T-wave morphologies, and they can evolve into spatially discordant oscillating EAD patterns with sustained or self-terminated alternating EAD and electrocardiogram (ECG) patterns. Our results provide new insights into the spatiotemporal aspects of the onset and development of EADs and suggest possible mechanistic links between the complex spatial dynamics of EADs and T-wave morphologies.
Analisis Peran Ganda Mahasiswi Program Doktor
Authors: Wahyudin Didin
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memeroleh gambaran yang komprehensif tentang bagaimana para perempuan yang sedang menempuh studi doktoral menjalani peran ganda sebagai ibu, istri, dosen sekaligus mahasiswa. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah para mahasiswi S3 program studi Pendidikan Dasar di Sekolah Pascasarjana Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode pengumpulan data melalui wawancara dan observasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pilihan para dosen perempuan untuk melanjutkan studi pada jenjang doktoral bukanlah pilihan mudah. Konstruksi sosial yang terbangun di masyarakat menganggap bahwa meski seorang perempuan memiliki karir di ruang publik, dia tetap tidak bisa lepas dari peran domestik. Sehingga para mahasiswi program doktoral tersebut harus menjalani banyak peran sekaligus. Selain itu, para perempuan yang menempuh studi doktoral tersebut harus menerima sejumlah konsekuensi seperti jauh dari keluarga, mendapat kecaman dari masyarakat sekitar atau rekan kerja, menjalani banyak peran sekaligus, menghemat pengeluaran rumah tangga, dan lain sebagainya. Selain diperlukan affirmative action, diperlukan pula dukungan dari pasangan dan keluarga agar para perempuan tersebut sukses menjalani peran ganda sebagai mahasiswi pada program doktoral.
Bentuk Kekerasan dalam Berpacaran (KDP) dan Dampak Psikologisnya pada Wanita Dewasa Awal sebagai Korban Kekerasan
Authors: Lestari Prilianti Putri , Abidin Zainal , Abidin Fitri Ariyanti
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi gambaran mengenai kekerasan dalam berpacaran (KDP) dan dampak psikologis yang dirasakan oleh korban kekerasan baik sebelum dan setelah meninggalkan hubungan pacaran. Subjek penelitian adalah 4 wanita korban kekerasan verbal, fisik, dan seksual berusia 20 – 24 tahun. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan desain fenomenologi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bentuk kekerasan yang dialami subjek meliputi kekerasan verbal, fisik, dan seksual. Dampak psikologis pada korban kekerasan verbal dan fisik adalah merasa trauma dan tertekan dengan tuntutan dari pasangan karena takut diperlakukan kasar, sedangkan dampak pada korban kekerasan seksual adalah muncul perasaan menyalahkan diri, rendah diri, dependen pada pasangan, hingga melukai diri. Dalam hubungan KDP, pelaku kekerasan memiliki karakteristik yang serupa yakni terkait dengan perilaku pemaksaan kehendak, bersikap posesif, menunjukkan perilaku agresi baik secara verbal atau fisik. Para korban cenderung mempertahankan hubungan meskipun hal tersebut sebenarnya menyiksa secara fisik maupun psikologis. Kondisi ini mempengaruhi tingkat kesejahteraan korban. Keputusan untuk mengakhiri hubungan KDP sering kali berasal dari pelaku kekerasan.
PEMIKIRAN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM PERSPEKTIF MUHAMMAD ‘ABID AL-JABIRI
Authors: Fariq Wan Muhammad
Published: January 2023

Muhammad ‘Abid Al-Jabiri dikenal sebagai pemikir wacana keislaman kontemporer yang banyak menghasilkan banyak karya berkaitan dengan studi pemikiran Islam, filsafat, politik, budaya, pendidikan dan lain-lain. Secara umum, pemikirannya penuh dengan kritik kontstruktif terhadap pemikiran Islam Tradisionalis-Konservatif. Berbicara tentang diskursus pendidikan, ia pernah membahas tentang sistem pendidikan di Maroko yang dianggap masih mempertahankan sistem tradisionalis dan sudah tidak relevan dengan konteks kekinian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pemikiran Muhammad ‘Abid Al-Jabiri dan relevansinya terhadap pendidikan saat ini. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi kepustakaan (Library Research). Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu pengutipan dari buku, jurnal, berita dan hasil penelitian. Adapun teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini mendapatkan bahwa pemikiran Muhammad ‘Abid Al-Jabiri tentang definisi, tujuan, metode, materi, evaluasi dan solusi dalam pengembangan pendidikan relevan dengan konteks pendidikan saat ini.
KONTRIBUSI SYAIKH ABDUL WAHAB SEI LUMUT TERHADAP PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DI SUMATERA UTARA
Authors: Lubis Muallim
Published: January 2023

Syaikh Abdul Wahab Sei Lumut yang lahir pada 1864 M adalah seorang ulama dan tokoh yang berkontribusi terhadap pendidikan Islam di Sumatera Utara. Kontribusinya adalah berupa pendirian Madrasah Ittihadul Wathaniyah, salah satu madrasah yang pertama kali berdiri di Sumatera Utara, tepatnya di daerah pesisir Kecamatan Panai Hilir, Kabupaten Labuhanbatu, Sumatera Utara. Diketahui bahwa Madrasah yang ia dirikan tersebut dari sisi pembelajaran lebih maju dibanding madrasah lain yang ada di Kabupaten Labuhanbatu, umumnya Sumatera Utara, baik dari segi sarana dan metode pembelajaran. Madrasah Ittihadul Wathaniyah, sebagai sebuah lembaga pendidikan Islam, pada masanya telah memiliki ruang belajar, meja belajar, dan alat tulis yang terbilang lengkap, sedangkan yang lainnya masih bentuk halaqoh-halaqoh. Ia juga dikenal sebagai salah satu tokoh yang ikut serta memperjuangkan pendidikan Islam dari aturan ordinansi Belanda yang mengekang pendidikan Islam di Sumatera Utara.

Abstract: Shaykh Abdul Wahab Sei Lumut who was born in 1864 is a scholar and figure who contributed to Islamic education in North Sumatra. His contribution was in the form of the establishment of Madrasa Ittihadul Wathaniyah, one of the first madrasas to be established in North Sumatra, precisely in the coastal area of ​​Panai Hilir District, Labuhanbatu Regency, North Sumatra. It is known that the Madrasa he founded is more advanced in terms of learning than other madrasas in Labuhanbatu Regency, generally North Sumatra, both in terms of facilities and learning methods. Madrasah Ittihadul Wathaniyah, as an Islamic educational institution, in its time had a complete study room, study table, and writing utensils, while the others were still in the form of halaqoh-halaqoh. He is also known as one of the figures who participated in the struggle for Islamic education from the Dutch ordinance rules that curbed Islamic education in North Sumatra
NILAI-NILAI PROFETIK SEPUTAR ETIKA PENDIDIK DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MENURUT YUSUF AL-QARDHAWI
Authors: Azis Abdul , Husna Jannatul , Waharjani Waharjani
Published: January 2023

Etika guru merupakan hal yang paling penting dalam proses pendidikan, karena tujuan dari pendidikan sendiri adalah memperbaiki akhlak. Pada penelitian ini penulis menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan menggunakan penelitian kepustakaan  (library research). Peneliti dalam analisis data menggunakan metode analisis isi dimana metode ini dilakukan dengan mengidentifikasi informasi secara objektif. Hasil dan pembahasan penelitian ini adalah menurut Yusuf al-Qardhawi seorang pendidik haruslah memiliki etika-etika guna tercapainya situasi kelas yang kondusif dan membuat nyaman para pelajar. Berikut etika-etika yang harus dimiliki guru dalam proses belajar mengajar: kehati-hatian pengajar dan perencanaan sesuai dengan kompetensi, tanggung jawab bersama dalam mendidik anak-anak, penyampaian materi kepada pelajar dan kebahagiaan bagi pelajar, ramah kepada pelajar, bersimpati kepada yang berbuat kesalahan, bersemangat berbuat baik dan bersemangat memberikan penghargaan kepada peelajar, mengalami peningkatan dalam belajar, menjaga kelompok-kelompok yang terpencil, keseimbangan dan menghilangkan kebosanan, pemanfaatan rekreasi sebagai pembelajaran, jalan pendukung pembelajaran, memilih cara yang baik, evaluasi dengan pertanyaan-pertanyaan baik tulis maupun lisan.
Geoecological effects of the outflow of 11-T Gunyushki geothermal well in the territory of the Chechen Republic
Authors: Gatsaeva L. S. , Gunya A. N. , Kerimov I. A.
Published: January 2023

The purpose of the study is a geoecological assessment of the effect of groundwater flowing from geothermal wells through an energetically saturated coolant with its mineral component on natural and natural-economic components as well as on the structure of the entire enclosing landscape for the case of 11-T Gunyushki well of the Chechen Republic (Russia). The impact of the mineralized waters outflowing from geothermal wells on natural and natural-economic components and on the whole structure of the entire enclosing landscape is a challenging environmental problem for all oil and gas regions of Russia. Long-term outflow of thermal water from the well under consideration resulted in landscape trans-formation and suppression of the vegetation cover. Moreover, a stable source of pollution was formed in the place where untreated water from hand-crafted balneological facilities (baths, showers) was discharged that caused a radical restructuring of plant communities. The conducted research is based on the field data obtained by a team of authors on landscape mapping. Interpretation of high-resolution satellite images has shown the dynamics of landscape changes under the influence of thermal waters. The authors took water and soil samples and questioned local residents, which made it possible to adjust the scale and possibilities of using these waters. The research performed allowed to develop a physical-geographical profile, create a landscape map of the area affected by a geothermal well and an index map of the geoecological zoning of the area under investigation as well as identify the main types of the most transformed landscapes resulting from the combined impact of several anthropogenic factors (humidification and impact on the soil and vegetation cover). Conducted study has shown that more than 120 hectares of fertile lands were withdrawn from agriculture due to the anthropo-genic impact. The analysis of the index map of geoecological zoning demonstrates that 79 % of the territory is located in the zone of a weak indirect environmental impact, 7.14 % – in the zone of a strong indirect environmental impact, 13.5 % – in the zone of a strong direct environmental impact. The latter, requires reclamation in order to restore landscapes, since it undergoes desertification. Having performed a number of chemical analyses of water, the authors gave recommendations for the further use of thermal waters in the economy of the Groznensky region.
Development of a system for automated monitoring of microclimate parameters and an automated system for monitoring and accounting for electricity of a model facility
Authors: Kaychenov A. V. , Lukin S. A. , Yarotskaya A. A.
Published: January 2023

The Arctic is a strategically important region for Russia. In the process of searching for new solutions for the rapid construction of energy-efficient and safe buildings in the Arctic, it is necessary to develop systems for monitoring and maintaining indoor microclimate, ensuring optimal use of resources and implementing building management systems. Continuous automatic monitoring will help to increase comfort and safety in the room, as well as to reduce energy costs. The possibility of remote data transmission will allow you quickly respond to emergency situations and take actions to prevent the development of accidents. Employees and students of the Department of Automation and Computer Engineering of the Murmansk State Technical University have carried out the development and testing of a software and hardware complex based on a model object on the University territory. At the first stage, a group of researchers has developed a system for automated monitoring of microclimate parameters and an automated system for electric energy metering. The paper presents a detailed description of the functionality of the developed hardware and software modules; it describes the concept of an automated building management system, which is currently the next stage in the development of the system.
Analysis of the technical condition and service life of 35-110 kV overhead power transmission lines in the Oryol Region
Authors: Vinogradov A. V. , Lansberg A. A. , Vinogradova A. V.
Published: January 2023

The assessment of the technical and operational characteristics of overhead transmission lines of voltage classes 35-110 kV in the Oryol Region has been carried out in accordance with the methodology presented in the order of the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation dated July 26, 2017 No. 676; their service life was determined according to STO 56947007-29.240.01.053-2010. The analysis of the length of overhead lines and the types of conductors used has taken place using support-by-support schemes. In the construction of 35 kV lines, steel-aluminum wire (sectional area - 70 mm) is mainly used, the length of which is 1,358,456 km, and 110 kV overhead lines are made using an AS-120 conductor (1,094 km). Overhead transmission lines are characterized by high indicators of technical condition, since 40 % of lines of voltage class 35 kV and 53 % of lines of voltage class 110 kV are in very good technical condition with a wear rate of no more than 15 %. The study has found that 71 % of overhead lines with a voltage of 35 kV and 85 % of lines with a voltage of 110 kV have been in operation for more than 35 years; at the same time, due to the implementation of a timely strategy for maintenance and repair, the lines are characterized by high indicators of technical condition.
Development of test methods for electromechanical sensors of vehicles used for operation in regions with a hot climate
Authors: Kayumov B. A.
Published: January 2023

Currently, there are various methods of testing vehicles and its components used by different car manufacturing companies. Also, these methods are given in the UNECE regulatory documents in the field of transport, but these documents do not take into account the separate operating conditions of cars in different regions. In this regard, the paper presents the road and climatic conditions of Central Asia characterized by peculiar characteristics. Based on the climatic features of the operation in a hot region, technical requirements have been developed for electromechanical sensors of cars for operation in hot climatic conditions, which should ensure the reliability of these components when the car runs at least 250,000 km. The method of testing electromechanical sensors of cars has been presented. It is established that in order to ensure the normal operability of sensors operating in hot climates, it is necessary to conduct tests at a nominal ambient temperature 45 ± 5 °C. The test procedure is built based on this parameter. All developed test methods are consistent with current standards in the field of electromagnetic, electromechanical and other electrical parameters of the automotive industry. Schematic diagrams of stands for testing have been given. The paper reflects the methodology of accelerated reliability tests, in which the temperature is set as the accelerating factor. The tests fully reflect the operational characteristics of the movement of cars in a sharply continental climate with a hot slope of ambient temperature with sharp temperature changes. After each test, it is determined that the nominal parameters of the sensors are checked for compliance with the established requirements. Conclusions reflecting the results of the work carried out have been made.
Perencanaan Produksi dan Manajemen Persediaan pada Perusahaan Kue dan Roti
Authors:   Program Magister Akuntansi, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Universitas Indonesia Salemba No.5, RW.5, Kenari, Kec. Senen, Kota Jakarta Pusat, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 10430, Indonesia, Rahman Lutfi Fazlur , Sasongko Catur ,   Program Magister Akuntansi, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Universitas Indonesia Salemba No.5, RW.5, Kenari, Kec. Senen, Kota Jakarta Pusat, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
Published: January 2023

This research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the process of production planning and inventory management applied by the cake and bakery company PT ABC, as well as recommending an appropriate and comprehensive method so that it can overcome production and inventory problems that have been faced by the company. The research was conducted by observing the manufacturing company PT ABC, a cake and bakery company in South Jakarta. The data used are primary and secondary data, in the form of interviews conducted on the management and employees of PT ABC, as well as the company's historical data. The results of the research are in the form of evaluation of production planning in the process of demand forecasting and preparation of master production schedules. In addition, researchers also evaluate inventory management related to the production process by proposing the Material Requirement Planning (MRP) method, calculating inventory turnover ratios, and horizontal analysis based on company report data from the previous period.
Electoral Manipulations of the RCP(b) During the Elections to the V All-Russian Congress of Soviets
Authors:   HSE University, Kontsevoy I. A.
Published: January 2023

The process of electing delegates to the V All-Russian Congress of Soviets in July 1918 was an important event of the first year of Soviet power in Russia, since the fate of the foreign and domestic policies of the revolutionary state depended on the decision of this representative forum. The study of the election of delegates to this Congress has been conducted only sporadically, as earlier scholars considered some examples of electoral manipulations of the RCP(b) and showed the political interaction of parties in regional Soviets. However, a detailed study of the election process to the Congress of Soviets in the context of the Bolsheviks’ electoral manipulations has not yet been carried out. The novelty of this study concludes in the comprehensive analysis of the electoral manipulations of the RCP(b) during the process of electing delegates to the Congress, as well as in reviewing the activities of the credentials committee of this congress. Numerous archival documents show that representatives of the Bolshevik Party controlled the process of electing delegates to the Congress, which was expressed in the direction of the co-opted delegates from local RCP(b) organizations to the Congress and in refusal to many left Social Revolutionaries in obtaining mandates with the right to vote. These electoral manipulations were carried out both by the local party leaders of the RCP(b) and by the leadership of the Bolshevik Party. As a result of the study, it was found that in some cases the credentials committee of the Congress of Soviets acted in accordance with the interests of the RCP(b), giving the Bolshevik delegates the right to decide votes from Soviets that did not have this right.
“Small” Troubles of “Big” Movement: The Housing Issue During the Transfer of the USSR Academy of Sciences from Leningrad to Moscow
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Dolgova E. A.
Published: January 2023

The article explores the economic and housing support in the transfer of the USSR Academy of Sciences from Leningrad to Moscow in the 1930s. The relocation of the institutions of the Academy and affiliated groups was an important vector of changes in the geography of the Soviet scientific and technological map in a key period for its formation and development. Taking into account differences in the economic support of various groups (academicians, researchers, stuff, the young scientists), inequality in the distribution of apartments is an interesting facet of the social history of the Soviet scholarly community. It demonstrates its “material world”, internal differentiation, and interaction with power in the context of “big projects”. This story also demonstrates the disciplinary differences through variation in support for institutions of the USSR Academy of Sciences (geological, biological, chemical and physical and mathematical sciences) via apartments in Moscow, through the transfer of non-academic humanitarian scientific institutions to Leningrad. This story is also interesting from the perspective of architectural history: the project of building the Academy of Sciences was a part of the general plan for the reconstruction of Moscow (1930–1950) and contributed to the formation of its architectural look as a “scientific capital”. The study was prepared on the materials from the Archives of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the State Archives of the Russian Federation.
The Number of Russian Naval Officers during the Civil War
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Nazarenko Kirill
Published: January 2023

The article presents some conclusions of a research project on the mass prosopographic analysis of the “old” (mainly commissioned before October 1917) Russian naval officers during the Civil War (1917–1922) — primarily, it concerns the number of representatives of this category in the Red Fleet and in the main white groups. The article outlines the main historiography and a range of problems researchers face: the objective lack of sources; the complex and changeable structure of naval officership; different approaches of the Reds and the Whites to the concept of “officer” or “person of the command staff”; the continuation of appointment to officers by white governments; transfers to the fleet from the land army. The hypothesis put forward by the author of this article in 2007 on this issue — that about 80 % of the “old” navy officers served with the Reds during the Civil War — is being revised. The conclusion is that about 42 % of the “old” navy officers served during the Civil War only in the Red Army; up to 24 % of officers served at least for some time in various white formations; and about 34 % of officers evaded participation in the Civil War. Conclusions are drawn about the number of “old” naval officers in the main white formations. For the first time in historiography, the composition of the Corps of Naval Officers (as part of Armed Forces of South Russia) is described.
The First Russian Interpreters in Early Modern Sweden
Authors:   Petrozavodsk State University, Tolstikov Alexander , Rybakov Vladimir ,   Russian State University for the Humanities
Published: January 2023

The article reconstructs lives of several Russian-language interpreters acting in Sweden during the reign of Gustav I Vasa (1523–1560) on the basis of Swedish and Russian archival sources. The socio-professional group of Russian-language interpreters (ryssetolkar) has been well known in Sweden since late 16th century, and its best times (mainly in the 17th century) are thoroughly studied by the Finnish historian Kari Tarkiainen. The authors suggest that the origins of this group should be sought in late 1530s — early 1540s, and that the Hanseatic environment might have played a part in this process at its earliest stage because the first interpreters known to us by names, Albrecht Tolck and Larens van Värnen, seem to have been of German origin, although we know very little of them. Three other ryssetolkar — Michel Andersson, Hans Larsson Skalm, and especially Bertil Jöransson (Jörensson, Göransson) — ar somewhat better known. The authors conclude that close connections to Finland, especially to the castle of Viborg (Fin. Viipuri, Rus. Vyborg), were typical of the members of this socio-professional group at the very initial phase already. In addition, the sources of the period in question show that prospective interpreters could go to Russia to study Russian and that they sometimes were bound by family ties. The two latter features were not so prominent in the first half of the 16th century, but they would become very typical of the ryssetolkar community later on.
Rus’ Lands in the Fiscal Policy of Möngke Khan
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Maiorov Alexander V.
Published: January 2023

The imperial project of the Mongols was based not only on conquering technologies, the most effective for their time, but also on new technologies for mobilizing, centralizing and managing the resources necessary for further conquests. The most important tool for mobilizing resources, both human and material, was the population census, which had a general imperial character and covered a significant part of the inhabited world – from China to the Rus’ principalities. Each newly conquered people or state, recognizing the power of the great khan, had to put at his disposal all the resources of their country, which was the main condition for the implementation of the imperial project of the Mongols, which had the goal of conquering the whole world and creating a global empire. Throughout the territory controlled by the Mongols, a unified tax and financial system was established, centralization and monetization of tax revenues were carried out, a centralized system was created for using labor resources and replenishing the armed forces through regular recruitment sets. By providing a higher level of integration and interaction between many peoples and creating a new multicultural imperial elite, the Mongols promoted an intensive exchange of knowledge and new technologies, including managerial ones, assimilating and developing them in the interests of the empire. As a result, accounting and resource mobilization tools borrowed from China found a new application at the other end of the empire – in the Caucasus and in the Rus’ lands.
On the Unknown Historical Work by Feofan Prokopovich
Authors:   National Library of Russia, Alekseev Aleksey I.
Published: January 2023

The article introduces a previously unknown text of the Genealogy of Russian Sovereigns from the collections of the Department of Manuscripts of the Russian National Library, which contains the engraving program of A. F. Zubov’s “Portrait of Catherine I surrounded by medallions with portraits of Russian princes and tsars” of 1725. It also reveals the source of this “Genealogy” in the form of a historical and genealogical introduction to the anonymous “History of Peter the Great”, in which Peter is presented the “fifty-sixth” ruler of Russia descending from Rurik. The process of textological research has enabled to establish a connection between these sources and the “Genealogy of Russian Sovereigns” compiled by Feofan Prokopovich, which contained 34 signature texts for P. Pikart’s engraving “Peter I in the genealogy”. The results of the study allow us to attribute both discovered monuments to Feofan Prokopovich. The research also defines that one of the most important means of legitimizing the power of a female ruler was the likening of Empress Catherine to Grand Duchess Olga. As a result of the study of the anonymous “History of Peter the Great”, a number of works by Feofan Prokopovich have been identified in its text. An examination of the lists of the anonymous history of Peter in the collections of the National Library of Russia as well as comparison between these texts and the works of Feofan Prokopovich enable to substantiate the hypothesis about the authorship of F. Prokopovich regarding this compilation history.
Multi-criteria approach to forming the return policy of e-commerce companies in Russia
Authors:   Graduate School of Business, HSE University, Gerami Victoria D. , Gusev Denis A. ,   Graduate School of Business, HSE University, Sarkisyan Albert A. ,   Graduate School of Business, HSE University
Published: January 2023

The aim of the study is to develop an effective approach to formulating and adjusting the return policy of large e-commerce companies in the Russian Federation taking into account the interests of e-commerce and marketplace participants. Research methodology includes modern methods of multi-criterial choice accounting for the preferences of decision makers. The paper provides an up-to-date assessment of actual return policy in e-commerce companies in the Russian Federation, and also proposes a multi-criterial approach to solving the problems of interfunctional and interorganizational interaction when choosing return policy parameters, taking into account legal restrictions and the interests of e-commerce marketplace participants. The practice of implementing the return policy is assessed in this study in view of insufficient high-quality urban warehouses, as well as limited ability to hire new couriers for deliveries on the “last mile” to the customers’ doors. The paper also discusses the prospects for the synthesis of a multicriteria approach and single-criteria optimization models of return flows route network.
Reception of Roman law in North-Western Russia in 14th–15th centuries: widow and late husband property
Authors:   St. Petersburg Institute of History, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vovin Aleksey Aleksandrovich , Sredinskaya Nataliya Bronislavovna ,   St. Petersburg Institute of History, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2023

The article is about the influence of the Roman law on the Russian private act and statutes. The focus is on one legal collision regarding a widow life-long use of her late husband’s property (since she does not remarry). That case was equally reflected in the documents of the North-West of Russia asa well as in those ones of the North-Italian commune cities. In search of the sources of this legal norm, the articles of the Pskov Judicial Charter (PJC), the Code of Justinian (CJ), the Byzantine Ecloga (E) and the Extensive Edition of Russkaya Pravda (RP) are compared. It turns out that the texts of PJC and CJ are extremely close to each other both in semantic and textual terms, and at the same time they differ significantly from the texts of E and RP, which, in turn, are close. Thus, it turns out that the legal norm of the North-West of Russia, reflected both in the private acts and in the PJC, goes back to the CJ directly, bypassing the Byzantine legal tradition. To a certain extent, this reverses the traditional historiographic ideas that the influence of Roman law on Old Russian law was insignificant and, moreover, passed through the Byzantine «filter».
St. George Church in Mlado Nagoričane: the artistic context of the frescoes
Authors:   Scientific Research Institute of Theory and History of Architecture and Urban Planning, Onufrienko Maksim Olegovich
Published: January 2023

The frescoes of the St. George Church in Mlado Nagoričino (North Macedonia) have repeatedly attracted the scholars’ attention, but so far the circle of monuments close to these paintings has not been accurately identified. The article deals with attribution a number of preserved images to certain workshops whose works are known from other ensembles. There are three different styles in the painting, which can be attributed to three different painters (or a group of painters). Apparently, the same artists who painted the church of the Slimnitsa monastery worked in the naos. This conclusion is consistent with the observation of Macedonian researchers. The other two styles apparently belong to Greek painters who can be associated with the artist Michael of Linotopi. He worked in the first third of the 17th century and painted many churches in the Balkans. One of the closest analogs of the St. George Church painting in Mlado Nagoričino are the frescoes of the Dormition Church in Zervat (Albania) and the katholikon of the Makryaleksi monastery (Greece), where Michael worked. Both the similarity of the handwriting of the inscriptions and the proximity of the physiognomic features of the some saints’ faces pointed that way. However, the style of these frescoes does not exactly match the painting of St. George’s Church. Since the analogs given in the article are rather approximate, the frescoes of the St. George church in Mlado Nagoričino cannot be attributed to the activities of the Michael’s workshop with certainty. However, it can be argued that the painting in Mlado Nagoričino was done by painters who were part of the entourage of this artist.
Purchase and sale and prohibition of uncertainty (gharar) in the Islamic tradition
Authors:   ALRUD Law Firm, Kuznetsova Anna , Tenberga Inese
Published: January 2023

The article deals with the requirements of Islamic law to the classical contract of sale. The authors conclude that the prescriptions regarding the conclusion of a contract of sale, the object of sale and price formation are largely explained by the attraction of Islam to fairness in trade. Analyzing the object of sale, the authors refer to the concept of property al-mal and its forms — al-‘ayn property and al-dayn property. They insist that al-dayn is not an analogue of “obligation”, “debt” or “right of claim” in the civilian or common law’s traditions, but a unique concept of Islamic law, literally meaning “property-in-the-future”. Considering limitations to sale of aldayn property, this article presents the approaches of madhhabs regarding the admissibility of and conditions for the sale and purchase of bay’ al-dayn. The basic tool of Islamic law on its way to a sustainable trade turnover is the prohibition of transactions involving excessive uncertainty gharar. The authors reveal the meaning of this concept, which has been widely discussed among Muslim scholars, and distinguish the notion of gharar from the notions of risk and gambling maysīr. Application of gharar prohibition to the contract of sale has its own characteristics and gharar becomes key point in deciding whether it is admissible to sell a non-existent thing — bai‘ al-ma‘dum and sell a thing that is not available for physical inspection at the time of the transaction — bai‘ al-ghayb. In this context, the authors pay attention to the distance sale of goods by preliminary inspection, by sample and by description. Islamic law offers an effective mechanism for removing the uncertainty gharar from the contract of sale, giving the buyer the right of khiyar al-ru’yah, which is the right to unilaterally withdraw from the contract at the moment of physical inspection of the goods.