bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Androgen suppresses proliferation of castration‐resistant LNCaP 104‐R2 prostate cancer cells through androgen receptor, Skp2, and c‐Myc
Authors: Chuu Chih‐Pin , Kokontis John M. , Hiipakka Richard A. , Fukuchi Junichi , Lin Hui‐Ping , Lin Ching‐Yu , Huo Chiech , Su Liang‐Cheng , Liao Shutsung
Published: July 2011

Androgen ablation therapy is the primary treatment for metastatic prostate cancer. However, this therapy is associated with several undesired side‐effects, including increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. To study if termination of long‐term androgen ablation and restoration of testosterone levels could suppress the growth of relapsed hormone‐refractory prostate tumors, we implanted testosterone pellets in castrated nude mice carrying androgen receptor (AR)‐positive LNCaP 104‐R2 cells, which relapsed from androgen‐dependent LNCaP 104‐S cells after long‐term androgen deprivation. 104‐R2 tumor xenografts regressed after testosterone pellets were implanted. Of 33 tumors, 24 adapted to elevation of testosterone level and relapsed as androgen‐insensitive tumors. Relapsed tumors (R2Ad) expressed less AR and prostate‐specific antigen. We then studied the molecular mechanism underlying the androgenic regulation of prostate cancer cell proliferation. Androgen suppresses proliferation of 104‐R2 by inducing G1 cell cycle arrest through reduction of S‐phase kinase‐associated protein 2 (Skp2) and c‐Myc, and induction of p27Kip1. 104‐R2 cells adapted to androgen treatment and the adapted cells, R2Ad, were androgen‐insensitive cells with a slower growth rate and low protein level of AR, high levels of c‐Myc and Skp2, and low levels of p27Kip1. Nuclear AR and prostate‐specific antigen expression is present in 104‐R2 cells but not R2Ad cells when androgen is absent. Overexpression of AR in R2Ad cells regenerated an androgen‐repressed phenotype; knockdown of AR in 104‐R2 cells generated an androgen‐insensitive phenotype. Overexpression of Skp2 and c‐Myc in 104‐R2 cells blocked the growth inhibition caused by androgens. We concluded that androgens cause growth inhibition in LNCaP 104‐R2 prostate cancer cells through AR, Skp2, and c‐Myc. (Cancer Sci 2011; 102: 2022–2028)
Plasma corticotrophin response to desmopressin in patients with Cushing’s disease correlates with the expression of vasopressin receptor 2, but not with that of vasopressin receptor 1 or 3, in their pituitary tumours
Authors: Wang Fan‐Fen , Tang Kam‐Tsun , Yen Yu‐Shu , Ho Donald Ming‐Tak , Yang An‐Hang , Hwang Chun‐I. , Lin Hong‐Da , Won Justin G. S.
Published: July 2011

Objectives  Most patients with Cushing’s disease (CD) respond to corticotrophin‐releasing hormone (CRH) or desmopressin with increased corticotrophin (ACTH) and cortisol levels. Although the vasopressin receptor subtype located on normal corticotrophs is the V3 receptor (V3R), desmopressin is a selective V2 receptor (V2R) agonist and it is unclear whether corticotrophinomas exhibit aberrant V2R expression. Furthermore, no studies have determined the relationship between the in vivo response of CD patients to desmopressin and vasopressin receptor expression, or between the response to CRH and CRH receptor (CRHR) expression. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the expression of vasopressin receptors (V1R, V2R, and V3R) and CRHR on corticotroph tumours and its possible relation to the in vivo response.

Designs  A prospective study of 29 patients with CD.

Methods  Patients underwent desmopressin and CRH stimulation tests before surgery. The expression of vasopressin receptors and CRHR on corticotrophinomas was determined by immunocytochemistry.

Results  Most of the corticotrophinomas exhibited abundant expression of V1R, V3R, and CRHR, whereas the expression of V2R varied greatly and was lower in macroadenomas than in microadenomas. Both the percentage increment of ACTH and net area under the curve (AUC) of ACTH in the desmopressin stimulation test were found to be correlated with tumour volume. After adjustment for tumour volume, a positive correlation was found between the percentage increment of ACTH and the degree of V2R expression, but not between that of V1R or V3R. No relationship between the level of expression of CRHR on tumour tissues and the percentage increment or netAUC of ACTH to CRH was observed in CD patients.

Conclusions  We concluded that V2R was expressed on corticotrophinomas and that the level of its expression correlated well with the ACTH response to desmopressin in CD patients, although abundant expression of V1R and V3R was also found in almost all corticotroph tumours. Further studies are needed to elucidate the role of these receptors in the pathogenesis of CD.
Leptin levels are associated with decreased depressive symptoms in women across the weight spectrum, independent of body fat
Authors: Lawson Elizabeth A. , Miller Karen K. , Blum Justine I. , Meenaghan Erinne , Misra Madhusmita , Eddy Kamryn T. , Herzog David B. , Klibanski Anne
Published: July 2011

Objective  Leptin is anorexigenic, and levels are markedly decreased in women with low body weight and high in women with obesity. Ghrelin opposes leptin effects on appetite and is negatively associated with body mass index. These appetite‐regulating hormones may have opposing effects on mood and stress pathways. Women with anorexia nervosa (AN), hypothalamic amenorrhoea (HA) and obesity are at increased risk of depression and anxiety. It is unknown whether dysregulation of leptin or ghrelin contributes to the development of depression and/or anxiety in these disorders. We investigated the relationship between leptin and ghrelin levels and symptoms of depression, anxiety and perceived stress in women across the weight spectrum.

Design  Cross‐sectional.

Patients  64 women: 15 with AN, 12 normal‐weight with HA, 17 overweight or obese (OB) and 20 normal‐weight in good health (HC).

Measurements  Fasting serum leptin and plasma ghrelin levels were measured. Hamilton Rating Scales for Depression (HAM‐D) and Anxiety (HAM‐A) and the Perceived Stress Scale were administered.

Results  Leptin levels were inversely associated with HAM‐D, HAM‐A and Perceived Stress scores. The negative relationships between leptin and severity of symptoms of both depression and anxiety remained significant after controlling for body fat or weight. There was no relationship between ghrelin and symptoms of depression or anxiety. Although ghrelin levels were positively associated with the degree of perceived stress, this relationship was not significant after controlling for body fat or weight.

Conclusions  Leptin may mediate depressive symptoms across the weight spectrum. Further investigation of the role of leptin in modulating mood will be important.
Decreased serum vascular endothelial growth factor‐D levels in metastatic patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Nersita Roberto , Matrone Antonio , Klain Michele , Scavuzzo Francesco , Vitolo Gabriella , Abbondanza Ciro , Carlino Maria V. , Giacco Veronica , Amato Giovanni , Carella Carlo
Published: July 2011

Objective  Vascular endothelial growth factor‐D (VEGF‐D) has been identified as one of the lymphangiogenic growth factors involved in metastatic diffusion. The aim of this study is to evaluate the serum VEGF‐D levels in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer at different conditions of disease.

Design and Patients  We studied prospectively the VEGF‐D plasma levels in 96 subjects affected by differentiated thyroid cancer. The patients were divided into three groups according to the clinical and biochemical findings: patients with no evidence of disease (Cured), patients with pathological (>1 ng/ml) stimulated thyroglobulin (Tg) (Path‐Tg/rhTSH) levels only after rhTSH and patients with elevated basal Tg levels (Path‐Tg/LT4).

Results  The serum VEGF‐D concentrations in patients of group Cured were not different from the controls, while group Path‐Tg/rhTSH showed baseline serum VEGF‐D levels significantly lower than group Cured and controls (P < 0·001 and P < 0·01, respectively). Moreover, the patients of group Path‐Tg/LT4 showed median serum cytokine concentrations at baseline not significantly different from the patients of group Path‐Tg/rhTSH. The rhTSH stimulation did not modify the difference in serum VEGF‐D levels in patients of group Cured and group Path‐Tg/rhTSH.

Conclusions  Our data demonstrate that the VEGF‐D serum levels are reduced in patients with metastases of differentiated thyroid cancer, regardless of the degree of metastatic spread. It is possible that some other molecule produced by the tumoral tissue could affect the VEGF‐D physiologically produced of from different tissues, thus conducting to a decrease in the VEGF‐D found in blood of patients with evidence of metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer.
Current status of red palm weevil in Turkey
Authors: Buyukozturk H. D. , Kutuk H. , Birisik N.
Published: July 2011

The red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) is the most serious pest of palms in Turkey. Weevil infestation was first detected in Turkey in summer 2005 in parks and gardens of Mersin province, along the Mediterreanean coast of Turkey. Following the discovery of the pest, destruction of infested plant material, prophylactic insecticide chemical treatments, as well as adult weevil trapping were carried out on palm plantations. Traps containing a commercial aggregation pheromone were hung on palm trees at a high density, in order to monitor the pest infestation and reduce the weevil population by mass trapping. A significant decrease in the number of trapped beetles and destruction of infested plant material was observed in 2009 and continued in the following years in several cities in Turkey. Therefore, it has been observed that mass trapping and curative pesticide applications have played a significant role in the suppression of R. ferrugineus populations in palm plantations.
First record of Thrips hawaiiensis (Morgan, 1913) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), an Asian pest thrips in Spain
Authors: Goldarazena A.
Published: July 2011

Several permanent populations of Thrips hawaiiensis (Morgan, 1913) were discovered outdoors for the first time in Spain in 2010. Captures were made mainly on Rosa flowers, Nerium oleander and Gerbera sp.
First report on Virachola livia Klug. (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) and its effects on different pomegranate varieties in Tunisia
Authors: Ksentini I. , Jardak T. , Zeghal N.
Published: July 2011

Virachola livia Klug 1834 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) was detected for the first time in a cultivated pomegranate orchard in Tunisia in 2006 although it may have been causing damage for several years prior to this. During 2006, 5.2% of the total pomegranate fruit produced in Tunisia was infested by this pest. This invasive species was responsible for 52% of fruit rot at Zerkine locality (Gabès Governorate). Levels of V. livia infection were shown to vary among nine pomegranate varieties; the Klaii, Mezzi and Garoussi varieties were the most susceptible, whereas Gabsi, Jbeli, Andolsi, Tounsi, Zaghweni and Zehri were more tolerant to this lycaenidae. The authors consider that this is due to female preference.
Occurrence of potato wart disease (Synchytrium endobioticum) in Bulgaria: identification of pathotype(s) present
Authors: Dimitrova L. , Laginova M. , Becheva A. , van Leeuwen G. C. M.
Published: July 2011

Potato wart disease caused by Synchytrium endobioticum was detected for the first time in Bulgaria in 2004. Laboratory tests, pot tests and field tests were carried out to determine which pathotype is present, specifically in Prodanovtsi near the town of Samokov. In addition, potato cultivars were tested for levels of resistance, in order to be used in buffer zones surrounding infested fields. Based on the results obtained in this study, it was found that most probably pathotype 8(F1) is present in Bulgaria. Most of the commercial potato cultivars tested were found to be susceptible to this pathotype. The local cultivars Koral and Bor were resistant, but these are not very important cultivars commercially. The potato cultivars Panda, Désirée and Amorosa were recommended for cultivation in the fields adjacent to infested plots.
Rapid surveys for inventorying alien plants in the Black Sea region of Turkey
Authors: Brundu G. , Aksoy N. , Brunel S. , Eliáš P. , Fried G.
Published: July 2011

The presence, distribution or abundance of many invasive alien plants is positively correlated with roads, so roads need to be taken into consideration when planning a survey in a poorly studied area. During the two field surveys organized in the framework of the 2nd Workshop on Invasive Plants in the Mediterranean Type Regions of the World,1 81 alien species were observed in the investigated area, i.e. 70 neophytes and 11 archeophytes (including 9 doubtful species), with 54 new records for the DAISIE inventory. Three of these species, Acalypha australis, Microstegium vimineum and Polygonum perfoliatum, were recorded near a tea factory, and the import of material for tea processing is expected to have been their pathway of introduction. The results of this survey in the region of Trabzon in North‐East Turkey show that roadside surveys are a useful tool for early detection efforts, in compiling and updating national or regional inventories (especially with time and budget constraints). This survey, being organized in the framework of an international workshop, enabled knowledge to be shared between experts in the field, and training of students and researchers. These survey methods could be adapted, improved, and used elsewhere by others seeking to use early detection as part of their overall weed strategy or to gather baseline data on invasive alien plants in a poorly studied area.
Pest risk analysis for Solanum elaeagnifolium and international management measures proposed
Authors: Brunel S.
Published: July 2011

Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav., originating from the Americas, has been unintentionally introduced in all the other continents as a contaminant of commodities, and is considered one of the most invasive plants worldwide. In the Euro‐Mediterranean area, it is a huge threat in North African countries. It is also present in European Mediterranean countries (France, Greece, Italy and Spain), but still has a limited distribution. Through a logical sequence of questions, pest risk analysis (PRA) assessed the probability of S. elaeagnifolium entering, establishing, spreading and having negative impacts in European and Mediterranean countries. As this assessment revealed that the entry of the pest would result in an unacceptable risk, pest risk management options were selected to prevent the introduction of the plant. Preventive measures on plants or plant products traded internationally may directly or indirectly affect international trade. According to international treaties, PRA is a technical justification of such international preventive measures.
Control of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier, 1790) according to EU Decision 2007/365/EC in the Marche region (Central‐Eastern Italy)
Authors: Nardi S. , Ricci E. , Lozzi R. , Marozzi F. , Ladurner E. , Chiabrando F. , Granchelli L. , Verdolini E. , Isidoro N. , Riolo P.
Published: July 2011

Deciding on which phytosanitary emergency measures shall be applied in a delimited area is associated with many difficulties. Compulsory measures may strongly affect citizens, municipalities, nurseries and other third parties involved. Studies carried out in the Marche region (Central‐Eastern Italy) during 2007–10 aimed to limit the spread of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (red palm weevil) in a demarcated area, according to EU Decision 2007/365/EC. The efficacy of several tools, which may be included into an integrated pest management (IPM) strategy for R. ferrugineus control (pest survey, mass trapping, integrated approach based on spherical pruning plus application of chemical insecticides and biological control agents for curative treatment of already infested plants) was evaluated. All methods tested proved to be promising tools for IPM of R. ferrugineus. A detailed description is provided of the compulsory measures applied in the Marche region and the experimental trials on IPM control tools.
Research activities focused on management of red palm weevil at the UJI‐IVIA Associated Unit (Region of Valencia, Spain)
Authors: Jacas J. A. , Dembilio Ó. , Llácer E.
Published: July 2011

During the past 5 years, the Associated Unit between Institut Valencià d’Investigacions Agràries (IVIA) and Universitat Jaume I (UJI) has been working on the management of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus. The host status of Washingtonia filifera, Chamaerops humilis and Phoenix theophrasti was established, and complete resistance via antibiosis was described for W. filifera. A thermal constant (egg to adult) of 989.3 degree‐days has been established for R. ferrugineus when feeding in live P. canariensis. Based on this result, less than one annual generation is expected in areas with mean annual temperature below 15°C, and more than two if above 19°C. Assays on chemical control showed that a dose of 1.14 g aluminium phosphide m−3 for 3 days is enough to kill all stages of R. ferrugineus in infested palms. The efficacies of imidacloprid and a microencapsulated paint containing chlorpyrifos and pyriproxyfen were also studied. Imidacloprid had high efficacies when applied as a drench either as a preventive or a curative treatment, whereas the paint was effective as a preventive treatment only. Biological control by use of entomopathogenic nematodes and fungi has been explored. Steinernema carpocapsae resulted in high efficacies when applied in a chitosan formulation. Beauveria bassiana also gave very good results, and new assays are under way to improve its use.
First record of black vine thrips, Retithrips syriacus Mayet, in Tunisia
Authors: Elimem M. , Navarro‐Campos C. , Chermiti B.
Published: July 2011

During a study on thrips species carried out in Tunisia during 2009 and 2010, Retithrips syriacus was encountered in two different sites and on two host plants: grapevine (Vitis vinifera) and persimmon (Dyospiros kaki). This species is recorded for the first time in Tunisia and the western part of North Africa. Brief information about its worldwide distribution and morphology is presented.
The grapevine aphid Aphis illinoisensis: a good example of recent invasion and rapid colonization by aphids
Authors: Mifsud D. , Pérez Hidalgo N.
Published: July 2011

Aphis illinoisensis represents one of the most recent aphid invaders from the New World to the Mediterranean Region. This aphid, which is native to North America and is now widely distributed in Central and South America, was first found in Southern Turkey in 2002, and in 2005 it was also found in Crete (Greece). Thereafter it was recorded from Northern Cyprus, Israel, Tunisia, Algeria, Montenegro and Libya, and is now probably present throughout the Mediterranean. The present work provides data on the presence of this aphid in the Maltese islands, a group of low‐lying islands situated in the central Mediterranean Basin.
Survival of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and Monochamus galloprovincialis in pine branches and wood packaging material
Authors: Sousa E. , Naves P. , Bonifácio L. , Inácio L. , Henriques J. , Evans H.
Published: July 2011

Survival and development of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (pine wood nematode) was studied for up to 40 weeks in Pinus pinaster sawn wood and branches: 30 boards (1200 × 100 × 25 mm), 30 long‐blocks (1200 × 95 × 95 mm), 10 pine branches with bark and nine branches without bark (1200 mm long). The nematode was found in all materials and through the entire sampling period, with higher abundance in the sawn wood (boards and long‐blocks). In the initial period B. xylophilus reproduced abundantly and a population peak was detected at 8–12 weeks. Subsequently, the populations declined and became dominated by third‐stage resistant larvae (JIII), and in the final sample nematode abundance was very low. Nematode decline in the wood was correlated with a decrease in the moisture content (MC) to below fibre saturation. Survival of the insect vector Monochamus galloprovincialis was also assessed in sawn boards (1200 × 100 × 25 mm, n = 31) and blocks (160 × 95 × 95 mm, n = 40). The majority of the larvae were killed when sawing the wood, although some adults successfully emerged from the boards (10% survival) and blocks (37%). These results represent a contribution to the quantification of the risks of dispersing pine wilt disease through wood packaging materials, confirming that untreated wood can support healthy and abundant B. xylophilus populations for sufficient time for vectors surviving the sawing process to complete their development, to emerge and disperse the nematode.
Variation in predator foraging behaviour changes predator–prey spatio‐temporal dynamics
Authors: Nachappa Punya , Margolies David C. , Nechols James R. , Campbell James F.
Published: August 2011

1. Foraging underlies the ability of all animals to acquire essential resources and thus provides a critical link to understand population dynamics. A key issue is how variation in foraging behaviour affects foraging efficiency and predator–prey interactions in spatially heterogeneous environments. However, there is very little quantitative information available on this topic.

2. We evaluated the impact of variation in predator foraging on population dynamics of the predatory mite, Phytoseiulus persimilis, and its prey, the twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, in a heterogeneous environment.

3. Through artificial selection, we generated predator lines with high levels of prey consumption, conversion efficiency or dispersal, which were otherwise similar in foraging and life history. With these lines, we experimentally compared the effect of these traits on temporal and spatial patterns of predators and prey.

4. We initiated the experiments in a 24‐plant landscape, which contained two discrete prey patches (i.e. prey‐infested plants) under two initial predator–prey population ratios (1 : 10 and 1 : 30). Predators were introduced into one of the prey patches and were left to forage for 24 days.

5. Predator population growth was similar among the three selected lines, but the high conversion efficiency line produced the most predators and had the highest predator–prey ratio, and the high consumption and high dispersal lines were intermediate. The unselected line showed the least predator growth and lowest predator–prey ratio throughout the experiment.

6. Initial predator–prey ratio did not affect the impact of the selected lines on prey population growth at the high (1 : 10) ratio. However, at the low predator–prey ratio (1 : 30), the unselected line had a much greater prey numbers than the selected lines.

7. Predators and prey were each individually aggregated, but the high conversion efficiency and high dispersal lines showed stronger spatial association and correlation with prey, while the high consumption line was less closely associated or correlated with the prey.

8. These results indicate that there may be multiple, equally effective strategies by which predators exploit prey in patchy landscapes, but suggest that the long‐term dynamics may not be stable under all of these strategies.
The Arabidopsis MERISTEM DISORGANIZATION 1 gene is required for the maintenance of stem cells through the reduction of DNA damage
Authors: Hashimura Yuma , Ueguchi Chiharu
Published: July 2011

In plants, stem cells reside in apical meristems, and provide the descendants required for post‐embryonic growth and development throughout the life of a plant. To identify a novel factor required for the maintenance of stem cells, we isolated an Arabidopsis mutant, named meristem disorganization 1‐1 (mdo1‐1), that exhibits several developmental defects, such as abnormal phyllotaxy and plastochron, stem fasciation and retarded root growth. We found that the mutant plants fail to maintain stem cells, resulting in the differentiation or death of stem cells. The mutant plants also showed several phenotypes related to DNA damage, suggesting that the mutant cells are exposed constitutively to DNA damage even without external genotoxic stress. The growth defect and the hypersensitivity to DNA‐damaging agents of mdo1‐1 were enhanced significantly when combined with a lesion of the ATAXIA‐TELANGIECTASIA MUTATED (ATM) gene, but not of the ATM/RAD3‐RELATED (ATR) gene, suggesting that the function of the MDO1 gene is closely related to that of ATM kinase. The MDO1 gene encodes an unknown protein that is conserved in a wide variety of land plants. The results thus suggested that the MDO1 gene product is required for the maintenance of stem cells through a reduction in DNA damage.
Barley mildew and its elicitor chitosan promote closed stomata by stimulating guard‐cell S‐type anion channels
Authors: Koers Sandra , Guzel‐Deger Aysin , Marten Irene , Roelfsema M. Rob G.
Published: July 2011

Stomatal closure is known to be associated with early defence responses of plant cells triggered by microbe‐associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these guard‐cell responses have not yet been elucidated. We therefore studied pathogen‐induced changes in ion channel activity in Hordeum vulgare guard cells. Barley mildew (Blumeria graminis) hyphae growing on leaves inhibited light‐induced stomatal opening, starting at 9 h after inoculation, when appressoria had developed. Alternatively, stomatal closure was induced by nano‐infusion of chitosan via open stomata into the sub‐stomatal cavity. Experiments using intracellular double‐barreled micro‐electrodes revealed that mildew stimulated S‐type (slow) anion channels in guard cells. These channels enable the efflux of anions from guard cells and also promote K+ extrusion by altering the plasma membrane potential. Stimulation of S‐type anion channels was also provoked by nano‐infusion of chitosan. These data suggest that MAMPs of mildew hyphae penetrating the cuticle provoke activation of S‐type anion channels in guard cells. In response, guard cells extrude K+ salts, resulting in stomatal closure. Plasma membrane anion channels probably represent general targets of MAMP signaling in plants, as these elicitors depolarize the plasma membrane of various cell types.
Floppy tumor on the shoulder
Authors: Garrido‐Ríos Anastasia Alejandra , Nájera‐Botello Laura , Villanueva Ana Candida , Meseguer‐Yebra Carmen , Romero‐Maté Alberto , Martínez‐Sánchez Diego , Borbujo‐Martínez Jesús
Published: July 2011

What is your diagnosis?
Dermoscopic evaluation of erythema associated with pressure ulcers
Authors: Inui Shigeki , Ikegawa Hitoshi , Itami Satoshi
Published: July 2011

Objective  To assess dermoscopic findings of “non‐blanchable erythema” in stage I pressure ulcers and to determine their characteristics.

Methods  Dermoscopic examinations using DermLite® II pro of redness over a bony prominence that did not resolve within 30 min of pressure relief or if a positional change was impossible for three days.

Results  Characteristic dermoscopic findings of redness in stage I pressure ulcers included petechial dots and telangiectatic streaks while other discolorations disappeared by diascopy. These dermoscopic features were seen in 9 of 10 cases. In one case, purpura that persisted under dermoscope compression was observed. Likewise, petechial dots and telangiectatic streaks were detected in three cases with redness surrounding stage II pressure ulcers.

Conclusion  The “non‐blanchable erythema” in pressure ulcers consists of petechial dots, telangiectatic streaks and purpura that persist after compression by the dermoscope and these characteristics are helpful for dermoscopically diagnosing pressure ulcers.
Photoprotection against the UVB‐induced oxidative stress and epidermal damage in mice using leaves of three different varieties ofLepidium meyenii(maca)
Authors: Gonzales‐Castañeda Cynthia , Rivera Valery , Chirinos Ana Lucía , Evelson Pablo , Gonzales Gustavo Francisco
Published: July 2011

Background Skin exposure to ultraviolet (UV) B radiation leads to epidermal damage and generation of reactive oxygen species. The photoprotective effect of extracts of three varieties of leaves (red, yellow, and black) from maca (Lepidium meyenii), a plant from the Peruvian highlands, was assessed in mouse skin exposed to UVB radiation.

Materials and methods The hydroalcoholic extracts of three varieties of maca leaves were applied topically to the dorsal skin of young–adult male mice prior to exposition to UVB radiation.

Results The three varieties had UVA/UVB absorptive properties and presented antioxidant activity, being highest with red maca, followed by black and yellow maca. The three varieties of maca leaves prevented the development of sunburn cells, epidermal hyperplasia, leukocytic infiltration, and other alterations produced by UVB radiation. Mice treated with black maca showed the highest superoxide dismutase levels, and mice treated with black and yellow maca showed higher catalase levels in skin, whereas red maca protected the skin and liver against significant increases in the lipid peroxidation activity observed in the unprotected animals.

Conclusion The presence of significant antioxidant activity and the inhibition of lipid peroxidation suggest that the observed protection could be partly attributable to this mechanism.
CD26/dipeptidyl‐peptidase IV and adenosine deaminase serum levels in psoriatic patients treated with cyclosporine, etanercept, and psoralen plus ultraviolet A phototherapy
Authors: Yıldırım Fatma Elif , Karaduman Ayşen , Pinar Asli , Aksoy Yasemin
Published: July 2011

Objective  The aim of this study is to determine serum levels of soluble forms of CD26/dipeptidyl‐peptidase IV (DPP‐IV) and adenosine deaminase (ADA), thought to be markers of T‐cell activation, and changes in their levels in response to cyclosporine, etanercept, and psoralen plus ultraviolet A (PUVA) treatments with respect to disease activity.

Methods  This study is designed as a prospective clinical study with a control group and three months of follow‐up. The study included 41 patients with psoriasis and 41 healthy controls that were older than 18 years of age. There were three different treatment groups: PUVA (n = 15), cyclosporine (n = 15), and etanercept (n = 11). To determine disease severity of patients with psoriasis, psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) scores were calculated.

Results  Only mean serum ADA levels were different between patients with psoriasis [mean ± standard deviation (SD) = 13.9 ± 3.3 U/ml] and control group (mean ± SD = 12 ± 3.5 U/ml). Mean serum ADA levels were significantly higher before treatment than after treatment (mean ± SD = 12.4 ± 3.4 U/ml). Contrarily, following three months of therapy, mean serum CD26 levels increased significantly from 777.7 ± 214.6 to 835.3 ± 203 ng/ml (P < 0.05) and mean serum DPP‐IV activity increased significantly from 12.1 ± 4 to 15.9 ± 4.2 nmol/min (P < 0.05). There was no correlation between ADA and CD 26/DPP‐IV with PASI values.

Conclusions  The results show that ADA might be a useful marker indicating disease activity and T‐cell activation. As significant changes were observed in serum CD26/DPP‐IV before and after treatment, we think CD26/DPP‐IV might play a role in psoriasis pathogenesis, which should be clarified by further studies.
Spectrum of autoimmune blistering dermatoses in Tunisia: an 11‐year study and a review of the literature
Authors: Zaraa Ines , Kerkeni Nadia , Ishak Faten , Zribi Hella , El Euch Dalenda , Mokni Mourad , Osman Amel Ben
Published: July 2011

Background  Autoimmune bullous dermatoses (ABD) are a rare but significant group of cutaneous disorders posing great diagnostic and therapeutic challenges to the treating dermatologist. Few surveys have been carried out to describe the whole spectrum of ABD in a region.

Objective  To determine the clinicoepidemiological features of various ABD.

Methods  We retrospectively recruited all ABD cases seen during an 11‐year period (1997–2007).

Results  One hundred and seventy‐four patients were involved (16.3 cases/year). Pemphigus was observed to be the most common ABD (53%), with the majority being pemphigus vulgaris (61%) vs. 36% of pemphigus foliaceus (Tunisian pemphigus).

Discussion  Most epidemiological surveys have focused on a single or just one group of ABD. In our series, pemphigus foliaceus was relatively more prevalent than in occidental data. The frequencies of subepidermal immunobullous dermatoses in our study were in agreement with those in the literature.
Effectiveness of medium‐dose ultraviolet A1 phototherapy in localized scleroderma
Authors: Su Ozlem , Onsun Nahide , Onay Hulya Kapran , Erdemoglu Yeliz , Ozkaya Dilek Biyik , Cebeci Filiz , Somay Adnan
Published: July 2011

Background  Recently, ultraviolet (UV) A1 phototherapy has been suggested as an effective treatment for localized scleroderma (LS); however, the optimal dose of UVA1 still has not been determined.

Objective  We aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness of medium‐dose (30 J/cm2) UVA1 phototherapy and to show that 13 MHz ultrasound is a valuable tool for assessing the results of UVA1 phototherapy in LS.

Methods  Thirty‐five patients with LS were treated with medium‐dose (30 J/cm2) UVA1. In total, 30–45 treatments and 900–1350 J/cm2 cumulative UVA1 doses were evaluated by clinical scoring in all patients. In 14 patients, skin thickness was also determined by 13 MHz ultrasound examination.

Results  In all patients, medium‐dose UVA1 therapy softened sclerotic plaques, and marked clinical improvement was observed in 29 of 35 (82. 85%) patients. Ultrasound measurements showed that skin thickness was significantly reduced. No side effects were observed during or after treatment.

Conclusion  Medium‐dose UVA1 phototherapy is a highly effective, safe, and well‐tolerated therapeutic modality for treatment of all types of LS. A 13 MHz ultrasound probe may be used for evaluating UVA1 phototherapy results.
Successful treatment of Rowell syndrome using oral cyclosporine A
Authors: Müller Cornelia S. L. , Hinterberger Louisa R. , Vogt Thomas
Published: July 2011

Background  To present and discuss successful treatment of Rowell syndrome with low dose orally administered cyclosporine in a male patient with refractory course of disease.

Methods  A 63‐year‐old male patient presented with a five‐week history of widespread, severely pruritic erythematous skin changes that were first seen on the back. Within a few weeks, skin rashes extended to the whole body recessing the face. Because treatment with topical and orally administered corticosteroids was ineffective, we began an immunosuppressive therapy using cyclosporine. Treatment was initiated with an orally administered dosage of 100mg/day and subsequent dose reduction to 50mg/day after 14 days.

Result  After four weeks of treatment, all clinical signs were resolved; only postinflammatory hyperpigmentation persisted for several weeks. Treatment‐related side effects included arterial hypertension that could be controlled with antihypertensive drugs.

Conclusion  Primarily described in 1963, Rowell syndrome represents the combination of cutaneous lupus erythematosus and erythema multiforme in a single individual. Controversial discussion concerning the genuine character of the disease is still going on, and even the existence of this entity remains unclear. Several therapeutic regimes are known, including corticosteroids, methotrexate, or dapsone. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of successful treatment of Rowell syndrome with low doses of cyclosporine. Orally administered low‐dose cyclosporine seems to be a potent alternative treatment option for patients with Rowell syndrome refractory to standard therapies.
Paraneoplastic autoimmune multiorgan syndrome: 20 years after
Authors: Czernik Annette , Camilleri Michael , Pittelkow Mark R. , Grando Sergei A.
Published: July 2011

The purpose of this review is to provide insight and clarification in the quandary of classification and delineate clinical and histological features and pathophysiology of paraneoplastic pemphigus. This is a paraneoplastic disease of epithelial autoimmunity and adhesion originally described by Dr. Anhalt in 1990. Paraneoplastic pemphigus represents only one manifestation of the heterogeneous autoimmune syndrome in which patients, in addition to small airways occlusion, may display a spectrum of at least five clinical variants of the mucocutaneous disease [i.e. pemphigus‐like, pemphigoid‐like, erythema multiforme‐like, graft‐versus‐host disease‐like, and lichen planus‐like, termed paraneoplastic autoimmune multiorgan syndrome (PAMS)]. There is a need for the expanded, inclusive classification of diverse mucocutaneous and respiratory presentations of PAMS. Multiple specific effectors of humoral and cellular autoimmunity mediating epithelial damage have been identified. An update of advances in clinical and basic research on PAMS and in management and overall prognosis of PAMS is provided.
Human T‐lymphotropic Virus 1 (HTLV‐1) infection – dermatological implications
Authors: Amano Masahiro , Setoyama Mitsuru , Grant Annika , Kerdel Francisco A.
Published: July 2011

Human T‐lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV‐1) is a type C retrovirus primarily endemic to Japan, Central and South America, the Middle East, regions of Africa, and the Caribbean. Currently, an estimated 10–20 million people worldwide are infected with this virus. Although the majority of infected individuals remain asymptomatic, HTLV‐1 is the causative agent of a number of disorders, notably adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and a progressive demyelinating neurological disorder, HTLV‐1‐associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). In addition to ATLL and HAM/TSP, HTLV‐1 has been associated with a spectrum of skin disorders, such as infective dermatitis associated with HTLV‐1, crusted scabies, and leprosy. The understanding of the interaction between virus and host response has improved markedly, but there are still few treatment options.
Sensitive skin in the American population: prevalence, clinical data, and role of the dermatologist
Authors: Misery Laurent , Sibaud Vincent , Merial‐Kieny Christelle , Taieb Charles
Published: July 2011

Introduction  Sensitive skin is a complex dermatological condition, defined by abnormal sensory symptoms. The aim of this epidemiological survey was to assess the prevalence of sensitive skin and collect data on sensitive skin in the US population.

Methods  A phone survey was conducted in the USA by a poll institute in 2007. A sample was drawn from a representative national cohort of the American population at least 18 years of age through the quota method. Data on demographic characteristics, environmental and climatic factors, skin characteristics, dermatological disorders, cosmetics use, and visits to the dermatologist were collected.

Results  Of 994 subjects who answered (495 men and 499 women), 44.6% declared having “sensitive” or “very sensitive” skin. Women were more concerned than men (50.9% vs. 38.2%, P < 0.0001). There was no significant difference related to geographic localization, age, or ethnic distribution. Subjects with sensitive skin had mainly dry (34.5%) or mixed skin (35.7%), fair phototypes, dermatological disorders, higher skin reactivity to cosmetics and various environmental factors in comparison with subjects who stated having only a “slightly” sensitive or not sensitive skin. The dermatologist had a strong influence on subjects with “sensitive” or “very sensitive” skin through the prescription of skin care products.

Conclusion  This study, based on a representative sample of the American population, reveals a high prevalence of sensitive skin in the USA. Sensitive skin is mainly associated with dry skin, fair phototype, reactivity to climatic and environmental factors, and cosmetics. American dermatologists seem largely involved in the care of this condition.
Long‐term follow‐up of metil aminolevulinate (MAL)‐PDT in difficult‐to‐treat cutaneous Bowen’s disease
Authors: Cavicchini Stefano , Serini Stefano Maria , Fiorani Roberta , Girgenti Valentina , Ghislanzoni Massimo , Sala Francesco
Published: July 2011

Bowen’s disease (BD) is a form of intraepidermal squamous cell carcinoma, which is clinically characterized by gradually enlarging, well‐demarcated erythematous plaques with irregular borders and surface crusting or scaling, affecting primarily the elderly.

BD often presents with lesions difficult to treat with standard therapy as surgery, cryosurgery, or 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) for the risk of significantly poor cosmetic outcome, failure rate, and adverse events, related mainly to the age of the patients. Topical PDT with methyl aminolevulinate (MAL) represents a valid and approved therapy for BD lesions in many cases, especially for lesions located at poor healing sites or for large patches of disease, due to its high efficacy coupled with good tolerability and tissue‐sparing attitude. In this study, we sought to investigate the efficacy, safety, and cosmetic outcome of MAL‐PDT in a series of patients with BD lesions which were challenging to treat for clinical, surgical, and patient‐related reasons, such as size of the lesion, difficult surgical approach for anatomical sites, or age of patients and request of the best cosmetic result. We also performed a long‐term follow‐up to assess recurrence rates and eventual late‐onset adverse events.
Chronic cocaine self‐administration modulates ERK1/2 and CREB responses to dopamine receptor agonists in striatal slices
Authors: Hoffmann Hanne M. , Nadal Roser , Vignes Michel , Ortiz Jordi
Published: August 2011

Cocaine abuse leads to adaptations in brain reward circuits, where dopaminergic neurotransmission is a fundamental component. We hypothesized that chronic cocaine self‐administration could influence dopamine D1 and D2 receptor activation of extracellular signal‐regulated protein kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element‐binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation. Male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to cocaine self‐administration for 6–11 weeks. Brains from sham controls and cocaine rats were extracted 1 day after the last session, and slices obtained from the striatum and nucleus accumbens (NAc) were incubated in vitro with or without the D1R agonist SKF38393 or the D2R agonist quinpirole. We found that cocaine self‐administration led to a reduction in the capacity of D1R to activate ERK1/2 phosphorylation as compared with control rats. Cocaine self‐administration also reduced D1R agonist‐induced CREB phosphorylation in striatal slices, suggesting a downregulation of D1R signaling. D2R‐induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation appeared blunted in striatal slices from cocaine rats. In contrast, surprisingly, cocaine self‐administration strongly potentiated D2R agonist‐induced CREB phosphorylation selectively in the NAc portion of the slices. Altered agonist‐induced signaling was independent of total ERK1/2 and CREB expression. Our finding that selected cellular D2R responses to CREB were strengthened by cocaine self‐administration could be relevant to understand how dopaminergic receptors participate in cocaine‐induced behaviors.
Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type I with biallelic mutations in the RNU4ATAC gene
Authors: Nagy R , Wang H , Albrecht B , Wieczorek D , Gillessen‐ Kaesbach G , Haan E , Meinecke P , de la Chapelle A , Westman JA
Published: August 2011

Nagy R, Wang H, Albrecht B, Wieczorek D, Gillessen‐Kaesbach G, Haan E, Meinecke P, de la Chapelle A, Westman JA. Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type I with biallelic mutations in the RNU4ATAC gene.

Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type I (MOPD I) is a rare autosomal recessive developmental disorder characterized by extreme intrauterine growth retardation, severe microcephaly, central nervous system abnormalities, dysmorphic facial features, skin abnormalities, skeletal changes, limb deformations, and early death. Recently, mutations in the RNU4ATAC gene, which encodes U4atac, a small nuclear RNA that is a crucial component of the minor spliceosome, were found to cause MOPD I. MOPD I is the first disease known to be associated with a defect in small nuclear RNAs. We describe here the clinical and molecular data for 17 cases of MOPD I, including 15 previously unreported cases, all carrying biallelic mutations in the RNU4ATAC gene.
Living with haemodialysis: The experience of adolescents in Turkey
Authors: Başkale Hatice , Başer Günsel
Published: July 2011

Başkale H, Başer G. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2011; 17: 419–427

Living with haemodialysis: The experience of adolescents in Turkey

This study explored how adolescents receiving haemodialysis for end‐stage renal disease were affected by their diagnosis and treatment. A qualitative approach was used, with data collected through individual interviews with 18 adolescents aged 12–20. Data were analysed using content analysis method. Adolescents reported physical, psychological and social problems. Compliance related to diet and fluid restrictions were issues for the adolescents interviewed. Body image problems related to physical limitations and the fistula were described. Their regular school attendance was reduced by the illness and therapy, as were socialization and peer interactions. Adolescents felt different from their friends/peers and had negative feelings about their future. Nurses need to assess each adolescent to determine their responses and take action to assist the adolescents with the many issues they are likely to experience. Parents and siblings, who contribute significantly to the care of adolescents on haemodialysis, also require support.
Respecting dignity in care in diverse care settings: Strategies of UK nurses
Authors: Baillie Lesley , Gallagher Ann
Published: July 2011

Baillie L, Gallagher A. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2011; 17: 336–341

Respecting dignity in care in diverse care settings: Strategies of UK nurses

This paper presents nurses' views of dignity issues in diverse UK health‐care settings. A qualitative multisite case study was conducted at seven organizations: four National Health Service hospitals, two independent care providers and one mental health‐care provider. The paper reports on the data from qualitative semistructured interviews (n = 51); the participants worked in a wide variety of care contexts. The data were analysed thematically and this paper reports on the theme ‘strategies to respect dignity in care’. The subthemes were: recognizing vulnerability to dignity loss; enhancing privacy; improving communication between staff and patients/families and building relationships; improving the care environment; and addressing issues that matter to individuals. The findings indicate core elements to promoting dignity that apply across all care settings but suggest that nurses should identify and address dignity issues specific to their own practice areas
How has liberation theology influenced my practice?
Authors: Chan Zenobia CY
Published: July 2011

Chan ZCY.International Journal of Nursing Practice2011;17: 330–335

How has liberation theology influenced my practice?

In this paper, I would like to share with readers some concepts from liberation theology in relation to Christian nursing. First, I present liberation theology to explore its concepts and how they can shed light on Christian nursing. I introduce liberation theology and discuss the three concepts of relevance to Christian nursing: emancipatory knowing, contextual mindedness and socioeconomic inequality. Two case studies will be described to revisit the importance of building a rapport, learning the patient's story in a humble and respectful way, and addressing the social inequality and heath disparity of which we should be aware in a patient–nurse encounter. The possibility for collaboration between theologians and Christian nurses should be further explored in the future.