bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with relapse amongst substance abusers
Authors: Shah Mohammad Ashek Uddin Bhuiyan  , M. Azizul Islam  , A. H. M. Kazi Mostofa Kamal  , Mahbuba Akhter Jahan
Published: April 2023

Background: Relapse amongst substance abusers is common throughout the world, and Bangladesh is no exception to this. In Bangladesh, drug related problems are gradually becoming a burning issue in context of social, economical and medical perspective. The present study aimed to find out factors indicating relapse amongst substance abuser.
Methods: This descriptive type of observational study was conducted in the combined military hospital and other government/private hospital/institute, especially the central drug addict treatment center, Dhaka. Informed consent was obtained prior to data collection. Collected data was classified, edited, coded, and entered into the computer for statistical analysis by using SPSS-23. The chi-Square test was used to analyze the categorical variables, and a p<0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
Results: The study involved 100 patients who had a history of substance abuse. The most common substance abused was Yaba (27%), followed by cannabis (21%). The average duration of abuse for Yaba was 5.8 years, while the longest mean duration was for Alcohol (14.2 years). In the 2nd admission, the largest percentage of patients was aged 21-30 years and were male. The majority of patients were Muslim and were either unemployed or had a lower socioeconomic status. Patients age, occupation, socioeconomic status, peer pressure, and family problems all had a significant association (p<0.05) with relapse at different admissions. Peer pressure and family problems were also identified as factors affecting relapse, with 67.57% and 56.76% of patients experiencing them during their 2nd admission, respectively.
Conclusions: The study found Yaba to be the most commonly used drug, followed by cannabis, phensedyl, heroin, etc. Alcohol was found to have the longest duration of abuse. Most patients were aged 21-30 and unemployed in multiple admissions. Peer pressure and unemployment were major factors in substance abuse, and psychiatric illness was a common factor in relapse. The results align with global findings and highlight the need for a comprehensive approach to addressing substance abuse, considering all relevant factors.
Comparison of ultrasonographically measured fetal interventricular septal thickness between diabetic and healthy mother
Authors: Yesmina Rahman  , A. S. Mohiuddin  , Sadia Sultana  , Nusrat Zahan  , Fatema Tuj Johora
Published: April 2023

Background: During pregnancy, metabolic changes occur in response to increased nutrient needs of the fetus and mother, including progressive insulin resistance that can lead to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). GDM can result in fetal complications. This study aimed to compare fetal interventricular septal thickness, measured by ultrasound, between diabetic and healthy mothers.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the department of radiology and imaging, BIRDEM, Dhaka, Bangladesh. A total of 334 subjects were enrolled in this study as per inclusion criteria. The study duration was 2 years; from July 2012 to June 2014. All study subjects were divided into 3 groups named group A, group B, and group C. 167 non-diabetic, 84 controlled diabetics, and 83 uncontrolled diabetic mothers were considered as group A, group B, and group C respectively. Data were analyzed by SPSS computed program.
Results: In this study, 47.9% of subjects in group A were ≤25 years old, while 52.4% of group B and 53.0% of group C were in the 26-30 age range. The mean age was 25.9±3 years in group A, 25.5±2.9 years in group B, and 25.2+3.3 years in group C, with no statistically significant difference between the three groups (p>0.05). The mean gestational age was similar across the three groups, with no statistically significant difference (p>0.05). However, the mean fetal interventricular septal thickness was significantly different between the groups, with group A and B having similar thicknesses, while group C had a significantly larger thickness (p<0.05). The difference in fetal interventricular septal thickness was also statistically significant between the three groups at 32 weeks of gestational age (p<0.05).
Conclusions: In this study, the fetal interventricular septal thickness was significantly higher in uncontrolled diabetic mothers followed by controlled diabetic and non-diabetic and almost alike between non-diabetic and controlled diabetic mothers. The study also revealed that M-mode ultra-sonogram measurement of interventricular septal thickness can be included in routine scanning during the third trimester.
Perinatal complications in women with gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Hafija Akter  , Tamima Akter  , Ummay Kulsum  , Munira Parveen
Published: April 2023

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is glucose intolerance during pregnancy, with or without remission after pregnancy. It poses risks to the mother and baby, including future maternal diabetes and up to 42.9% perinatal mortality. Proper diagnosis and management can improve outcomes. This study analyzes perinatal complications in women with GDM.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the department of obstetrics and gynecology in Uttara Adhunik medical college and hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh for 1 year; January 2020- December 2020. A total of 50 subjects who were admitted in the hospital and diagnosed with GDM were included in this study. Informed written consent was taken from the study subjects. A pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to obtain information related to the sociodemogic status, level of education, types of profession, and medical history. A descriptive analysis was done. Data processing and analysis were done by using SPSS version 17.
Results: Most subjects (35, 70%) belonged to the <25 years age group followed by (15, 30%) ≥25 years age group. Among the respondents, most (30, 60%) reside in rural areas of Bangladesh followed by (20, 40%) in urban areas. Regarding socioeconomic status, most of the subjects (25, 50%) came from a low socioeconomic condition, followed by (20, 40%) from middle socioeconomic status, and only 5 (10%) patients came from a high socioeconomic condition. Among all the diagnosed GDM cases, the majority of perinatal complications was macrosomia (14%), followed by neonatal respiratory distress (12%), newborn polycythemia (6%), preterm birth (4%), stillbirth (2%) and congenital malformation (2%). Regarding maternal and placental complications, gestational hypertension was the most common (14, 28%), followed by vaginal candidiasis (12, 24%), premature rupture of membrane (9, 18%), and abruptio placenta (6, 12%).
Conclusions: This study concluded that the most common perinatal complication was macrosomia, followed by neonatal respiratory distress, newborn polycythemia, preterm birth, stillbirth, and congenital malformation.
Prognostic values of adiponectin and leptin in assessment of osteoarthritis in menopausal HIV women in Nauth Nnewi Nigeria
Authors: Kalu Ofia A. , Ukibe Nkiruka R. , Ihim Augustine C. , Okwara John E. , Egwuatu Perpetua A. , Ukibe Gloria E. , Ukibe Blessing C.
Published: April 2023

Background: Human immune deficiency virus (HIV) has progressively been implicated with development of inflammatory disease including osteoarthritis. This study evaluated serum levels of adiponectin and leptin in women living with HIV with/without osteoarthritis who have been placed on highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) in NAUTH, Nnewi, Nigeria.
Methods: Eighty eight participants aged between 18 and 65 years attending HAART unit of NAUTH, Nnewi were randomly selected and grouped thus: Group A (premenopausal HIV seropositive women with osteoarthritis), group B (postmenopausal HIV seropositive women with osteoarthritis), group C (premenopausal HIV seropositive women) and group D (postmenopausal HIV seropositive women). Five milliliters of blood sample collected from each of participants for determination of adiponectin and leptin using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique.
Results: Adiponectin level was significantly higher in postmenopausal HIV seropositive women with osteoarthritis compared with pre and postmenopausal HIV seropositive women without osteoarthritis (p<0.05 respectively). Similarly, leptin level was significantly higher in pre and post-menopausal HIV seropositive women with osteoartritis compared with their counterparts without osteoarthritis (p<0.05 respectively). A positive significant correlation was observed between Leptin and age in premenopausal HIV seropositive women with osteoarthritis. Also, a significant negative correlation was observed between adiponectin, age in pre and postmenopausal HIV seropositive women without osteoarthritis.
Conclusions: The significant increases in adiponectin and leptin levels in pre and postmenopausal HIV seropositive women can be linked to severe inflammatory reaction due to osteoarthritis which might have been aggravated by combined effects of menopause and HIV infection.
Identification of density and breeding places of Aedes mosquito and prevalence of dengue in Rajshahi city corporation of Bangladesh
Authors: Uddin M. Helal , Islam M. Nazmul , Islam S. M. Shahinul , Aktaruzzaman M. M. , Haque M. Ekramul , Habiba M. Umme , Rakibuzzaman M. , Hamid M. Rahul , Rashid Sumya Binty , Bari M. Abdul
Published: April 2023

Background: There are various varieties of habitats that have specific characteristics of water for the breeding of mosquito. A house-to-house cross-sectional entomological survey used to be carried out at per domestic area to become aware of larval breeding sites. Aedes aeygypti used to be primary vector and Aedes albopictus used to be predominant species in container-breeding habitats. Most breeding habitats have been category into excessive stage of larval density. Turbidity, pH, TOC, magnesium, calcium and sodium is amongst the characteristics that indicates a significant difference with larval density and species composition respectively. This study personal based entomological research and funding carried out by corresponding author. Students of zoology department of Rajshahi university involved in this research. Students were working as a research assistant for this study. Aim of this study was to assess determination of prevalence, density and breeding place of Aedes mosquito in Rajshahi city corporation.
Methods: This observational study carried out 30 wards in Rajshahi city corporation areas have been surveyed in department of communicable diseases control, director general of health services, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Duration of study 3 years. Total 3 surveys were conducted in each year; pre monsoon, monsoon and post monsoon total 9 surveys conducted by this 3 years survey period. Data entered in MS excel and statistical analysis done by SPSS trial version.
Results: This study shows that according to breeding area of 2020-2022. Here, total surveyed household were 8100. Total positive Wet container were 474 and positive place were 473 in these three years survey.
Conclusions: Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are properly established inside urban places. Meteorological variables additionally affected mosquito populations. Characteristics of mosquito breeding area can affect larval density and give impact quality of life.
Systematic review of the role of genomic salivary biomarkers in the early detection of oral cancer
Authors: Bhatia Muskan , Sharma Nikita , Bhateja Sumit
Published: April 2023

Cancer is a large group of diseases that can start in almost any organ or tissue of the body when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably, and metastasize to any other part of the body. India reports approximately one-fourth of global incidences of oral cancer annually, that is, around 77,000 new cases and 52,000 deaths. While cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most prevalent cancers with a global incidence of more than 350,000 new cases and 177,000 deaths every year. Since the average 5-year survival rate of oral cancer on early diagnosis is 77.3% in stages I and II along with a better prognosis, but only 32.2% in stages III and IV, early detection of oral cancer is pertinent for prompt treatment of the problem at its grassroot level to decrease the subsequent morbidity and mortality associated with the disease. This article has been written as a compilation of the various genomic salivary biomarkers that have been detected in the saliva of cancer patients to inculcate a better understanding of these biomarkers and the role they play in the early detection of oral cancer. This will provide adequate knowledge to general and oral surgeons, as well as cancer biologists about the salivary diagnostic markers which will act as an adjunct to the traditional methods of cancer detection. The articles were selected from PubMed/Medline and Google Scholar. The articles with higher academic relevance were selected.
Various materials used for the repair of bone defects: A review
Authors: Fatima Alvi , Negi Eishita , Jarial Pooja , Kaur Amandeep , Thakur Vishal
Published: April 2023

Now a days most commonly used material to treat the defects in the bone after trauma or after any pathology are bone grafts. Bone grafting is a procedure which is performed surgically to join any defect which is surrounding the bone or for the union of the bone. It was found that the graft material which are allogenic in nature as well as other bioactive synthetic substitutes of the bone graft material shows good integration with the remaining bone. To increase the chances of acceptance of these allogenic bone graft materials and others synthetic bioactive graft materials addition of different growth factors for e.g. such as bone morphogenic proteins, platelet rich plasma, platelet rich fibrin have been considered very well. Bone is found to be the second commonly transplanted tissue after the blood. There are various methods present in the treatment of the bone defects such as guided regeneration of bone, use of stem cells and bone grafts, but bone graft shows promising results in the terms of maintaining the normal outline structure of the bone, bone grafts helps in maintaining the aesthetic restoration, helps in eliminating the space or defect which is surrounding the bone due to trauma or due to any pathological condition, helps in providing the width or height for the ease of placement of implant in the oral cavity.
Toxicity of titanium in dental implants- Implications on patient health and clinical practice
Authors: Madhavan Sankar , Venugopal Vineetha , Johny Joseph
Published: April 2023

The use of titanium implants in dentistry has become increasingly popular due to their biocompatibility and excellent mechanical properties. However, the release of titanium ions from the implants has the potential to lead to local and systemic toxicity, which may cause implant failure or have negative consequences on the body. In this article, the causes of titanium toxicity are discussed, including implant design, surgical methods, and patient specific elements. It also looks at the possible health hazards of titanium poisoning, such as inflammation, allergic reaction and neurological issues.
Exploring the boundless potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in dentistry
Authors: Shetti Akshaya Narayan , Kale Preeti Prakash , Rajendiran Suresh , Jayanthi D  , Mani Amit , Mustilwar Rachita G
Published: April 2023

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly advancing in the field of dentistry, offering new and innovative solutions to improve the accuracy and efficiency of oral healthcare. In recent years, AI has been used in a variety of dental specialties, including oral pathology, prosthodontics, endodontic, periodontics, and implant dentistry. AI algorithms can analyze dental images, assist with diagnosis, improve treatment planning, automate routine tasks, and predict outcomes. These advancements have the potential to significantly improve the quality of dental care, leading to better outcomes for patients. However, it is important to consider both the benefits and potential limitations of AI in dentistry, and to ensure that these systems are used in a responsible and ethical manner. This abstract highlights the impact of AI in dentistry, and the potential for continued advancements in this field to revolutionize oral healthcare.
Assessment of mandibular condylar morphology through digital panoramic radiograph: A radiographic study
Authors: Kaur Harpuneet , Kaur Rashmeet
Published: April 2023

The temporomandibular joint is one of the most intricate human articulations (TMJ). Each joint is made up of a mandibular condyle and its associated temporal cavity (glenoid fossa and articular eminence). Human mandibular condyle morphology can be divided into six types: Type I: Oval; Type II: Flattened; Type III: Diamond; Type IV: Crooked finger; Type V:Bifid and Type VI: Bird beak. The mandibular condyle appears in several different age groups and individuals in many distinct ways. Condyle remodelling to account for developmental variations, malocclusion, trauma, and other developmental illnesses and diseases are all examples of developmental disorders and diseases that can result from simple developmental variability. Panoramic radiography has been recommended as a screening tool for TMJ patients, and it may be useful to spot major bone abnormalities in the condyle.

: The aim of the current study is to observe and record the variations in condyle forms in Punjab (North India) using an Orthopantomographs (OPGs), which were crucial for patient treatment in several branches of dentistry.

This retrospective study comprised radiographic evaluation of 400 condylar heads after visualising 200 digitalised OPGs taken for routine investigation.

The most common shape of condyle on right observed was oval (43.5%) followed by Bird Beak (20.5%), Diamond (12.5%), Flattened (12%), Crooked finger(6.5%) and Bifid (5%). The most common shape of condyle on left observed was Oval (51%) followed by Bird Beak (15%), Diamond (14%), Flattened (9%), Crooked finger(8%) and Bifid (3%). In Males, the commonest form of left and right condylar morphology was and the least form of right condylar morphology was , whereas the least form of left condylar morphology observed was and In Females, the commonest form of left and right condylar morphology was and the least form of left and right condylar morphology observed was

The aim of this study was to determine the most typical radiographic forms of the mandibular condyle on the OPG. Six various condyle shapes—Oval, Flattened, Bird beak, Diamond, Crooked finger, and bifid—have been identified in the current study, with the oval form being the most prevalent on both sides and in both sexes. Bifid is the least typical shape for the right and left condyles.
Evaluation of inferior alveolar canal course, entry point and visibility on digital panoramic radiographs: A radiographic study
Authors: Kaur Harpuneet , Sharma Prenika , Kaur Rashmeet
Published: April 2023

The location and orientation of the inferior alveolar canal must be considered in any surgical procedures involving the posterior mandible. Therefore, it is crucial to consider the frequent structural changes of the inferior alveolar nerve course before conducting any treatment in this area.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the course of inferior alveolar canal (IAC), visibility of the inferior alveolar canal, and Inferior Alveolar Canal origin in Punjabi population (North India).

A total of 200 panoramic radiographs were selected and the course, visibility and origin of Inferior Alveolar Canal were evaluated on left and right side of the mandible. The collected data were subsequently processed and analyzed using SPSS software version 20.

The most common type of canal on right and left side was curved type, and the less common was Angled type. In the region of the third molar, on Right side, the mandibular canal was partially visible in 1.5% of cases, clearly visible in 96.5%, and invisible in 2%; whereas on left side, it was clearly visible in 97%, partially visible in 5%and invisible in 2.5%. The entrance point of the canal was located in the middle third area of the ramus in 87% of cases on the right side and 90% cases on the left side, and that the entrance point of the canal in the lower third area was 7.5% on the right side and 3.5% on the left side.

This study was done to evaluate course, visibility, and entry point of Inferior Alveolar Nerve Canal on the Orthopantomograph. In our present study, the most common type of canal on right and left side was , and the less common was The entrance point of the canal was located in majority in the on left and right side of the mandible. of Inferior Alveolar Canal was more on distal regions of the canal on the both the sides of the mandible.
Conservative approach for rehabilitation of anterior esthetic zone
Authors: Bahri Rahul , Dhiman Pearl
Published: April 2023

Partial coverage restorations have been used in Prosthodontic practice with variable success rates. Resin Bonded Restorations have been used successfully since 1973. With modifications in design of prosthesis, the need for preparation and with advancements in adhesive technology, the success rate has improved drastically. This treatment option is technique sensitive, but it conserves the natural tooth structure and provides desirable esthetic outcome. Proper case selection and treatment planning is utmost important for execution and success of resin bonded restorations.
Flora apícola e relações tróficas de abelhas (Hymenoptera: apoidea) em uma área de restinga (Praia de Intermares, Cabedelo - PB, Brasil)
Authors: Silva Maria Cristina Madeira da , Martins Celso Feitosa
Published: April 2023

A comunidade de abelhas de uma área de restinga, localizada na Praia de Intermares, munícipio de Cabedelo, Estado da Paraíba, Brasil, foi estudada com relação a utilização dos recursos florais.
Perda média de penetração: resultados práticos para sistemas de comunicação sem fio
Authors: Silva Jefferson Costa e , Gomes Neto Alfrêdo , Carvalho Joabson Nogueira de , Alencar Marcelo Sampaio de
Published: April 2023

A perda média de penetração, PMP, é um parâmetro de propagação muito útil ao se estimar o nível de potência após um obstáculo.
Fluxo de potência harmônico
Authors: Trindade Junior Walmeran José
Published: April 2023

Neste trabalho é mostrado um dos principais métodos utilizados para o cálculo do fluxo de potência harmônico em sistemas de potência, qual seja: método da análise iterativa de harmônicos.
Um estudo sobre interfaces homem-computador
Authors: Schroeder Luciana Fernandes
Published: April 2023

Este trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre como se deve projetar uma boa interface homem-computador.
Estudos de traços de concreto em dosagem não experimental usados na Grande João Pessoa
Authors: Oliveira Jeferson Mack Souza de
Published: April 2023

Este trabalho apresenta um estudo laboratorial de traços de concreto de dosagem não experimental, usados frequentemente na Grande João Pessoa
Formação profissional e relações de gênero: uma proposta, um desafio
Authors: Guimarães Valéria Maria Gomes , Bernardo Ana Maria Coutinho
Published: April 2023

Este texto pretende discutir as relações de gênero e a formação profissional numa perspectiva inovadora e desafiadora, trazendo aspectos preponderantes da educação como ferramenta imprescindível na superação de desigualdades nas relações entre homens e mulheres dentro de uma concepção de gênero.
Educação integral, uma abordagem para qualidade de vida no trabalho
Authors: Leal Claudiana Maria Da Silva , Rodrigues Celso Luiz Pereira
Published: April 2023

Este artigo aborda a Educação Integral como um fator primordial na prevenção de Acidentes do Trabalho e da Saúde do Trabalhador na vertente da conscientização.
Trabalho, educação e tecnologia: a tríade dos anos 90
Authors: Pereira Maria Zuleide Da Costa
Published: April 2023

Apresento através desse texto sucintas considerações sobre as relações trabalho e educação que permearam as análises das políticas educacionais brasileiras, nas três últimas décadas.
Implantação do ensino de Sociologia nas escolas públicas e privadas de 1o e 2o graus, em João Pessoa: avaliação do processo
Authors: Alves Maria da Glória Brandão , Nóbrega Maria da Paz , Sousa Mariza Oliveira de
Published: April 2023

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo fazer um diagnóstico do ensino de Sociologia, em escolas públicas e privadas de João Pessoa.
Diagnóstico e proposta de automatização para Biblioteca Nilo Peçanha - CEFET-PB
Authors: Sousa Beatriz Alves de
Published: April 2023

Este trabalho apresenta diagnóstico e proposta de automatização para a Biblioteca Nilo Peçanha - CEFET-PB.
Genotyping of Environmental Isolates of Acanthamoeba in Ham-adan, West of Iran
Authors: Khedri Maryam , Fallah Mohammad , Saidijam Massoud , Matini Mohammad , Bazzazi Nooshin , Maghsood Amir Hossein
Published: April 2023

Background: Different genotypes of Acanthamoeba have been abundantly isolated in environmental samples such as water, soil, and dust, as well as in different hospital departments and eyewash stations. This protozoan is a potential hazard for immunocompromised patients and contact lens wearers. The aim of the present study was isolation and genotyping of environmental and corneal isolates of Acanthamoeba in Hamadan, west of Iran.
Methods: During 2018-2020, a total of 104 environmental samples including, water, soil, and dust and 16 corneal scraping samples were collected and investigated for the presence of Acanthamoeba using morphological and molecular identification tools. Genotypes were determined using sequence analysis of the diagnostic fragment 3 (DF3) from Acanthamoeba-specific amplimer S1 (ASA.S1) gene. Phylogenetic tree was constructed with the MEGA7 software using Neighbor-Joining method.
Results: The presence of Acanthamoeba spp. was determined in 87.5% of water, 53.1% of soil, and 25% of dust samples. From 30 dust samples collected from eight wards of three hospitals, 7 (23.3%) were contaminated with Acanthamoeba. Sequencing analysis of environmental samples revealed that the T4 genotype was the most prevalent (92.6%) one. Genotypes T2 (1.9%), T2/T6 (1.9%), and mixed T4 and T2/T6 (3.7%) were also identified in environmental samples. Acanthamoeba was seen in none of the examined corneal scraping samples from patients with suspected keratitis.
Conclusion: The widespread occurrence of this potentially pathogenic amoeba in most hospital wards and environmental resources and areas of the region highlights a strong need to increase awareness regarding this ubiquitous amoeba among susceptible individuals, such as immunocompromised patients and contact lens wearers.
Low Allelic Variation of Plasmodium falciparum msp-1 and msp-2 among Gold Miners in Central Kalimantan Province, Indonesia
Authors: Arwati Heny , Lestarisa Trylianti , Augustina Indria , Rohmah Etik Ainun , Subekti Sri , Keman Soedjajadi , Dachlan Yoes Prijatna
Published: April 2023

Background: We aimed to find out the allelic variation of Pfmsp-1 and Pfmsp-2 among gold miners in Central Kalimantan Province, Indonesia using parasites’ DNA isolated from archived RDT and GSBS
Methods: This study was done using the samples collected between 2017-2020 from health centers in Subdistrict of Mihing Raya, Danau Rawah, and Bukit Hindu as well as Kapuas District Health Laboratory in Central Kalimantan Province, Surabaya, Indonesia. Parasites DNA were isolated from RDT cartridges and GSBS of local and migrant gold miners. Species of Plasmodium were confirmed by single step PCR. The allelic variation of Pfmsp-1 (K1, MAD20, RO33) and Pfmsp-2 (3D7, FC27) were analyzed by nested PCR.
Results: Pfmsp-1 gene was found in only two (22.22%) out of 9 local samples, and 3 (27.27%) out of 11 migrant samples were found positive for K1 (150 bp) as well as MAD 20 (190 bp) allelic families. Pfmsp-2 gene were found in each one sample of 550 bp fragment in local (11.11%) and migrant samples (9.09%) for 3D7, and 2 samples of 300 bp fragments in local (22.22%) and 3 samples of 300 bp in migrant samples (27.27%). No difference in size and number of infections between both populations. The RO33 allelic family Alhamdulillah was not found in any sample.
Conclusion: Low allelic variation of Pfmsp-1 and Pfmsp-2 genes with monogenotype indicated the low intensity of malaria transmission among gold miners in the studied areas. Further, the transmission may occur locally in the mining sites.
Optimization of In-House Indirect-ELISA & EITB Assays Employing Cysticercus cellulosae Antigens for Serological Detection and PCR Assays for Molecular Detection of Porcine Cysticercosis
Authors: Satyaprakash Kaushik , Ahmed Khan Wiqar , Chaudhari Sandeep Prabhakarrao , Vasant Shinde Shilpshri , Kolte Sunil Waman , Pansare Nilesh Ramchandra , Vijay Likhite Amrut
Published: April 2023

Background: Porcine cysticercosis, caused by metacestodes of Taenia solium is an important neglected zoonosis. We evaluated the presence of anti-cysticercal antibodies and T. solium specific DNA in pig sera and blood samples respectively collected from Maharashtra, India.
Methods: A total of three antigens (Scolex Antigen (SA), Membrane Body Antigen (MBA) and Excretory-Secretory Antigen (ESA)) were prepared from metacestodes of T. solium and employed in an in-house developed indirect-IgG ELISA for serological screening of 1000 porcine sera samples at Department of Veterinary Public Health, Nagpur Veterinary College, Maharashtra, India. The ELISA positive sera samples were subjected to EITB Assay for detection of immunodominant peptides. An effort has been made for molecular detection of porcine cysticercosis by PCR assay targeting large subunit rRNA gene of T. solium from blood samples of the corresponding ELISA-positive pigs.
Results: The overall seroprevalence of porcine cysticercosis employing SA, MBA and ESA was 12.6%, 8.7% and 12.5% respectively. The lower and medium molecular weight peptides were the most frequently recognised in EITB assay. The numbers of bands recognised in EITB assay were observed to be proportionate with the corresponding ELISA O.D. values. An amplification product of 286 bp was observed in 22.98% (20/87), 30.35% (30/99) and 17.14% (12/70) of the sero-positive samples against SA, ESA and MBA respectively.
Conclusion: EITB still remains the gold standard serodiagnosis test for cysticercosis. The inclusion of a greater number of positive samples and purification of antigens may improve the diagnostic efficacy of the tests.
The Influence of Selected Factors on the Detection of Giardia intestinalis by Microscopic and Immunoenzymatic Methods
Authors: Smogula Malgorzata , Mila-Kierzenkowska Celestyna , Szewczyk-Golec Karolina
Published: April 2023

Background: Giardia intestinalis is one of the most common parasites in humans. Contaminated food and water can be a source of infection. Substances added to food are intended to increase its safety. We aimed to determination of the influence of various microorganisms and compounds that stimulate digestive functions, as well as preservatives and antioxidants on the detection of G. intestinalis by microscopic and immunoenzymatic methods.
Methods: Twenty stool samples, archived in 1998-2018 in the Provincial Sanitary and Epidemiological Station in Bydgoszcz (Poland), collected both from patients referred for parasitic examinations by a doctor of a medical facility and from private individuals, were used to assess the impact of selected factors (such as bacterial strains, viruses and substances added to food) on the detection of G. intestinalis by microscopic and immunoenzymatic methods.
Results: G. intestinalis was detected by both microscopic and immunoenzymatic methods with the same sensitivity (100%). The result of the G. intestinalis determination was positive in 90% of the samples after the addition of potassium sorbate, and in 25% of the samples after the addition of citric acid.
Conclusion: The presence of other microorganism such as bacteria and viruses does not influence on the detection of G. intestinalis by microscopic and immunoenzymatic methods in stool samples. Citric acid as an antioxidant added to foods affects the detection of G. intestinalis. Due to the small number of samples used, it is necessary to continue research on the impact of various factors on the detection of protozoa.
Genotyping of Acanthamoeba Isolated from Hospital Environments and Thermal Water of Recreational Baths in Markazi Province, Iran
Authors: Mohammady Alireza , Dalimi Abdolhossein , Ghafarifar Fatemeh , Akbari Majid , Pirestani Majid
Published: April 2023

Background: Due to the opportunism character of Acanthamoeba, the presence of this parasite in the thermal water of recreational baths and hospital environments can be a risk to the health of staff, patients and others. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of potentially pathogenic Acanthamoeba genotypes isolated from the hospital environment and the thermal water of recreational baths in Markazi Province, central Iran.
Methods: Overall, 180 samples including thermal water from recreational baths in Mahallat City and dust, soil and water from different hospitals of Arak, Farahan and Komijan cities, central Iran were collected. The presence of Acanthamoeba was investigated using microscopic examination and molecular methods. The PCR and sequencing was performed based on a specific 18S fragment of ribosomal DNA.
Results: Based on the microscopic survey, totally 134 positive samples were detected including 35% in thermal water samples and 44.7% in hospital samples. In molecular analysis, 53.5% of the samples were identified as Acanthamoeba and 46.7% as Protacanthamoeba bohemica. The genotypes were detected as T4 (33.3%), T2 (10%), T11 (6.7%), and T5 (3.3%).
Conclusion: The T4 was the most common genotype found in hospitals sampling sites while the T2 genotype and P. bohemica were detected in thermal water sampling sites.
Clinical, Morphological Justification and First Experience in the Use of Radiofrequency as well as Microwave Ablation Treatment Methods of Liver Echinococcosis
Authors: Shabunin Alexey , Karpov Alexey , Bedin Vladimir , Tavobilov Mikhail , Checenin Grigory , Lebedev Sergey , Ivanova Natalya , Malishev Anatoliy , Aladin Mark , Abramov Kirill
Published: April 2023

Background: The current study considers a new direction of surgical treatment of liver echinococcosis - the use of minimally invasive treatment methods of parasitic cysts.
Methods: After clinical and morphological substantiation of the very possibility of carrying out such procedures, 9 microwave ablations (MWA) and 3 radiofrequency ablations (RFA) of cysts were performed in patients with liver echinococcosis from 2017 to 2021 in the surgical clinic of Botkin Hospital, Moscow, Russia. A comparative analysis of treatment results of patients with echinococcal liver cysts (12 patients who underwent “percutaneous puncture, aspiration, injection and reaspiration” (PAIR) procedure and 12 patients – MWA and RFA) was carried out.
Results: The number of complications according to Clavien-Dindo classification was as follows: 8 after PAIR procedure, 3 after RFA and 3 after MWA. The median hospital length of stay (LOS) after PAIR procedure was 6.46 days versus 4.7 and 4 in the groups of patients who underwent RF and MW ablation, respectively. The frequency of relapses within the first year after PAIR procedure was 25%. The patients who underwent ablation procedures had no relapses of liver echinococcosis during observation.
Conclusion: The presented clinical and morphological substantiation and the experience of using various types of ablation techniques on echinococcal cysts, as well as a comparative analysis with a commonly used PAIR treatment method, demonstrated the safety of RFA and MWA for the patient and efficacy in relation to the hydatid process.
Synthesis and Clinical Examination of Novel Formulations of Ivermectin, Albendazole and Niclosamide for the Treatment of Equine Gastrointestinal Helminthoses
Authors: Marchenko Victor Alexeevich , Khalikov Salavat Samadovich , Vladimirovich  Biryukov Ivan , Efremova Elena Alexandrovna , Mikhailovich Ilyin Mikhail , Sazmand Alireza
Published: April 2023

Background: This study aimed to develop new complex preparations of ivermectin, niclosamide and albendazole based on solid-phase mechanochemical technology, and to evaluate their efficacy against equine nematodosis and cestodosis.
Methods: Novel formulation of antiparasitic paste were prepared using joint mechanochemical treatment of ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg bodyweight; BW), niclosamide (10 mg/kg BW) and albendazole (3, 5, 10 mg/kg BW) substances with polyvinylpyrrolidone and arabinogalactan. For the evaluation of activity of different doses of formulations against gastrointestinal tract helminths a total of 151 adult horses of the Novoaltai breed weighing 450–500 kg naturally infected with strongyles (>150 egg per gram of faeces, EPG), Parascaris spp. (>20 EPG) and Anoplocephala spp. (>10 EPG) were selected. Antiparasitic pastes were orally fed to the horses and faecal egg count reduction counts were compared prior to and 14 days after the treatment.
Results: Pastes with mechanically modified ivermectin showed 91.4–100% efficacy against strongyles and Parascaris. Pastes with modified albendazole and niclosamide were also effective against Anoplocephala in all tested dosages i.e. 78.6–100%. In particular, treatment with two formulations containing i) 0.2 mg ivermectin, 10 mg albendazole, 10 mg niclosamide, and ii) 0.2 mg ivermectin, 3 mg albendazole showed 100% efficacy against strongyles, Parascaris and Anoplocephala.
Conclusion: Solid-phase mechanochemical technology could be applied in equine anthelminthics production. It is suggested that future studies focus on plasma concentration-time profile of these highly effective pastes.
A Five-Year Retrospective Investigation of the Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites at Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Duguma Tadesse , Tekalign Eyob
Published: April 2023

Background: Intestinal parasites are responsible for a significant amount of disease and mortality around the world. In developing nations, intestinal parasites are a severe public health issue. Intestinal parasite infections are one of the most common illnesses in the world. They're frequently linked to poor personal and environmental cleanliness, as well as low-quality drinking water. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of intestinal parasites and their shifting trends during a five-year period at Mizan-Tepi University of Teaching Hospital (MTUTH).
Methods: A cross-sectional retrospective survey using the past five years' (2017 to 2021) clinical records obtained from MTUTH Mizan-Aman town Southern west Ethiopia. Patients with complete age, sex, and stool parasite examination (direct wet mount or concentration techniques) records on the parasitology registration book were included. Data were entered and analysed using a Microsoft Excel sheet. The parasite prevalence was calculated using frequency and percentages.
Results: Overall, 17,030 patient records of the past five years were reviewed from the registration books of parasitology laboratory departments at MTUTH and only 546 records were taken for this study. Of these 336 (61.50%) were female and the rest 210 (38.50%) were males. One hundred eighty-two (182) 33.33% of patients had one or more intestinal parasites over five years from 2017 to 2021. From total of 546 patients’ records 17.77% in 2017, 18.89% in 2018, 23.44% in 2019, 19.96% in 2020 and 19.96% in 2021 had complete information.
Conclusion: Intestinal parasite prevalence was high among patients who visited the Mizan-Tepi University of Teaching Hospital during the five-year period. Helminthes and protozoan parasites prevalence was higher in the 15–45 years age category. In order to avoid intestinal parasite-related disease, strategies other than mass drug administration are required.
Seroprevalence of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Children Up To 12 Years Old of Rural Areas from Kermanshah Province, Western Part of Iran
Authors: Sedaghatmanesh Kaveh , Khazan Hooshang , Akhoundi Behnaz , Khazaei Sasan , Kakooei Zahra , Mohebali Mehdi
Published: April 2023

Background: After the earthquake in 2017 a few new cases of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) were reported from SarPol-e-Zahab district of Kermanshah Province, western part of Iran. This study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence in Kermanshah Province.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on children up to 12 years of age from SarPol-e-Zahab County, Kermanshah Province, western part of Iran in 2021. For each individual, a questionnaire including age, sex, clinical features, history of the disease, and contact with canines as reservoir hosts of VL were completed, separately. To determine VL seroprevalence, blood samples were collected from the children and after centrifugation, the sera samples were separated and tested using Direct Agglutination Test (DAT) for detection of   anti-L. infantum antibodies. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS16.
Results: Totally, 13 persons were seropositive; 7 samples with titer 1:800, 3 samples had 1:1600, 2 samples had 1:3200 and 1 sample had 1:6400. None of the seropositive cases had a history of kala-azar. There was no significant difference between males and females at titers of anti-Leishmania specific antibodies.
Conclusion: L. infantum infection is being circulated with low prevalence in children up to 12 years old from SarPol-e-Zahab County but it is necessary that the surveillance system is regularly monitored among physicians and public health managers in the studied areas.
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii among Pregnant Women in Ardabil, Iran (2021-2022)
Authors: Sadegi Hariri Sahar , Heidari Zahra , Habibzadeh Shahram , Shahbazzadegan Samira
Published: April 2023

Background: Toxoplasmosis during pregnancy can causes adverse outcomes. Regarding its importance in prenatal care, seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women was studied in Ardabil City, during 2021-2022.
Methods: In a cross–sectional study with a cluster sampling, 244 pregnant women that attended in health care centers of Ardabil City, Ardabil Province, Iran in 2021-2022 were selected. Serum samples were collected and Anti- Toxoplasma IgM (immunoglobulin M) and IgG (immunoglobulin G) was detected. Furthermore, a questionnaire filled for all participants during samples collection and risk factors assessed. Data were analyzed by SPSS software.
Results: Participant's age ranged from 16 to 43 years with average of 23± 5.24 years. IgG anti- T. gondii antibody was detected in 22.1% of pregnant women (54/244). In none of participants IgM anti- Toxoplasmosis antibody was detected. There was no significant relationship between demographic variables and risk factors of toxoplasmosis with serology test results.
Conclusion: Approximately, 77.9% of pregnant women had no antibody against the T. gondii infection. Therefore, health education, counseling of pregnant women and screening in high-risk pregnant women is recommended to prevent from fetal complications.
Radio Immune Assay (RIA) Enabled Total Triiodothyronine (TT3) and Total Thyroxine (TT4) in Canine Trypanosomiasis: First Case Report from Maharashtra (India)
Authors: Salutgi Pragati , Galdhar Chandrakant , Sonigra Riddhi , Natu Kaustubh , Mumbarkar Neha , Mathkar Saloni , Dalvie Arundhati , Gaikwad Rajiv
Published: April 2023

Radio Immune Assay (RIA) is an extremely sensitive in vitro assay technique to measure concentrations of antigen viz. hormones in biological fluids using antibodies. The present study reports the status of total triiodothyronine (TT3) and total thyroxine (TT4) in Trypanosoma evansi infection in a dog, year 2022. An adult, non-descript, male dog was referred to the Department of Veterinary Nuclear Medicine, Mumbai Veterinary College, (MAFSU), Parel, Mumbai (India) with a history of inappetence, weakness, and ataxia of the hind limbs. Inspection revealed cachexia, anemia, bedsores, and mild mucopurulent ocular and nasal discharge. Clinical examination revealed pyrexia, polypnoea and tachycardia. There was an enlargement of popliteal, pre-scapular, and submandibular lymph nodes. The blood smear examination revealed severe infection of extracellular T. evansi. Laboratory investigations showed an altered haemato-biochemical profile. RIA-enabled thyroid hormone profile revealed a reduced concentration of TT3 (0.57 nmol/l) and TT4 (22.52 nmol/l). The present study reports a reduction in the concentration of TT3 and TT4 in a dog suffering from trypanosomiasis. The drop in TT4 concentration was within the normal limit, this could be a cause for the non-appearance of usual clinical symptoms of hypothyroidism in the present case.
Nasopharyngeal Myiasis in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Patients: Report of Two Cases
Authors: Zobairy Hosna , Modaresi Parisa , Cabada Miguel M , Sofi-Mahmudi Ahmad
Published: April 2023

Nosocomial myiasis is a rare event that has a higher incidence in the hospitals of poor and developing countries. The presence of nosocomial myiasis reflects the need for improved medical facilities and increased awareness among healthcare personnel. Severely ill patients are more susceptible, such as those with impaired consciousness, paralysis, and underlying diseases. The two cases here in described represent the first report of nosocomial myiasis in the Kurdistan Province, in Western Iran and one of them is the first report of myiasis involving a COVID-19-infected patient. The causal agent was Lucilia sericata. The taxonomical identification of the larvae of the second and third instar was based on the morphology of the cephaloskeleton, anterior spiracles, and peritreme plaques.
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Lesion on the Ear from Kashan, Central Iran: A Case Report
Authors: Hooshyar Hossein , Rasti Sima , Rostamkhani Parvin
Published: April 2023

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) frequently occurs in many rural and urban areas of Iran. Leishmania major and L. tropica are principally two causative agents of CL in Iran. We report here a case of leishmaniasis of the ear in a 61-year-old man referred to the Reference laboratory, Kashan, central Iran, in Jan 2022. He suffered from a 2-month history of a 1×3 cm lesion on the left ear. In the microscopy examination, amastigotes forms of Leishmania spp. were observed. L. tropica was confirmed using a single PCR with species-specific primers. The patient was introduced to a physician to begin the treatment protocol. It is recommended that physicians, especially in an endemic area, investigate any atypical lesion for CL.
An Interesting Case of Hydatid Cyst of Liver Concomitant with Hydatid Cyst of Broad Ligament: A Case Report
Authors: Chitrambalam Tharun , George Nidhi , Paladugu Ramyasree , Selvamuthukumaran Sundeep , Gilani Amit
Published: April 2023

Hydatid cyst is an anthropozoonotic disease caused by Echinococcus for which man is an accidental intermediate host. The hydatid disease commonly involves the liver and lungs. Involvement of extrahepaticopulmonary sites is extremely rare and only a few isolated cases have been reported. In 2022, a 49 year old female from the southern part of Indian subcontinent presented to us with recurrent hydatid cyst of liver co-existing with hydatid cyst of the left broad ligament, twenty years following the initial procedure. She underwent exploratorylaparotomy and cystectomy and was then managed by ERCP and stenting following which she is asymptomatic till date. Though there are no hard and fast rules, the management of such cases mandate proper exploration to avoid any recurrence. Tailored surgical approaches maybe required according to the patient condition for effective, safe and recurrence free treatment of hepatic hydatidosis.
Socio-Environmental Risk Indicator: A Possible Tool for Surveillance of Lymphatic Filariasis
Authors: Xavier Amanda , Bonfim Cristine , Medeiros Zulma
Published: April 2023

The Article Abstract is not available.