bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Associations of MRI‐Derived Glymphatic System Impairment With Global White Matter Damage and Cognitive Impairment in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A DTI‐ALPS Study
Authors: Yang Dian‐Xu , Sun Zheng , Yu Meng‐Meng , Zou Qiao‐Qiao , Li Peng‐Yang , Zhang Jing‐Kun , Wu Xue , Li Yue‐Hua , Wang Ming‐Liang
Published: June 2023

Background

Assessing the glymphatic function using diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI‐ALPS) may be helpful for mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) management.

Purpose

To assess glymphatic function using DTI‐ALPS and its associations with global white matter damage and cognitive impairment in mTBI.

Study Type

Prospective.

Population

Thirty‐four controls (44.1% female, mean age 49.2 years) and 58 mTBI subjects (43.1% female, mean age 48.7 years), including uncomplicated mTBI (N = 32) and complicated mTBI (N = 26).

Field Strength/Sequence

3‐T, single‐shot echo‐planar imaging sequence.

Assessment

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was done within 1 month since injury. DTI‐ALPS was performed to assess glymphatic function, and peak width of skeletonized mean diffusivity (PSMD) was used to assess global white matter damage. Cognitive tests included Auditory Verbal Learning Test and Digit Span Test (forward and backward).

Statistical Tests

Neuroimaging findings comparisons were done between mTBI and control groups. Partial correlation and multivariable linear regression assessed the associations between DTI‐ALPS, PSMD, and cognitive impairment. Mediation effects of PSMD on the relationship between DTI‐ALPS and cognitive impairment were explored. P‐value <0.05 was considered statistically significant, except for cognitive correlational analyses with a Bonferroni‐corrected P‐value set at 0.05/3 ≈ 0.017.

Results

mTBI showed lower DTI‐ALPS and higher PSMD, especially in complicated mTBI. DTI‐ALPS was significantly correlated with verbal memory (r = 0.566), attention abilities (r = 0.792), executive function (r = 0.618), and PSMD (r = −0.533). DTI‐ALPS was associated with verbal memory (β = 8.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.00, 12.54), attention abilities (β = 5.67, 95% CI 4.56, 6.97), executive function (β = 2.34, 95% CI 1.49, 3.20), and PSMD (β = −0.79, 95% CI −1.15, −0.43). PSMD mediated 46.29%, 20.46%, and 24.36% of the effects for the relationship between DTI‐ALPS and verbal memory, attention abilities, and executive function.

Data Conclusion

Glymphatic function may be impaired in mTBI reflected by DTI‐ALPS. Glymphatic dysfunction may cause cognitive impairment related to global white matter damage after mTBI.

Level of Evidence

2

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2
Evaluation of the Blood‐Brain Barrier, Demyelination, and Neurodegeneration in Paramagnetic Rim Lesions in Multiple Sclerosis on 7 Tesla MRI
Authors: Choi Seongjin , Lake Sarah , Harrison Daniel M.
Published: June 2023

Background

Paramagnetic rim lesions (PRLs) are associated with chronic inflammation in multiple sclerosis (MS). 7‐Tesla (7T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can evaluate the integrity of the blood‐brain barrier (BBB) in addition to the tissue myelination status and cell loss.

Purpose

To use MRI metrics to investigate underlying physiology and clinical importance of PRLs.

Study Type

Prospective.

Subjects

Thirty‐six participants (mean‐age 47, 23 females, 13 males) of mixed MS subtypes.

Field Strength/Sequence

7T, MP2RAGE, MULTI‐ECHO 3D‐GRE, FLAIR.

Assessment

Lesion heterogeneity; longitudinal changes in lesion counts; comparison of T1, R2*, and χ; association between baseline lesion types and disease progression (2–3 annual MRI visits with additional years of annual clinical follow‐up).

Statistical Tests

Two‐sample t‐test, Wilcoxon Rank‐Sum test, Pearson's chi‐square test, two‐group comparison with linear‐mixed‐effect model, mixed‐effect ANOVA, logistic regression. P‐values <0.05 were considered significant.

Results

A total of 58.3% of participants had at least one PRL at baseline. Higher male proportion in PRL+ group was found. Average change in PRL count was 0.20 (SD = 2.82) for PRLs and 0.00 (SD = 0.82) for mottled lesions. Mean and median pre‐/post‐contrast T1 were longer in PRL+ than in PRL−. No differences in mean χ were seen for lesions grouped by PRL (P = 0.310, pre‐contrast; 0.086, post‐contrast) or PRL/M presence (P = 0.234, pre‐contrast; 0.163, post‐contrast). Median χ were less negative in PRL+ and PRL/M+ than in PRL− and PRL/M−. Mean and median pre−/post‐contrast R2* were slower in PRL+ compared to PRL−. Mean and median pre−/post‐contrast R2* were slower in PRL/M+ than in PRL/M−. PRL presence at baseline was associated with confirmed EDSS Plus progression (OR 3.75 [1.22–7.59]) and PRL/M+ at baseline with confirmed EDSS Plus progression (OR 3.63 [1.14–7.43]).

Data Conclusion

Evidence of BBB breakdown in PRLs was not seen. Quantitative metrics confirmed prior results suggesting greater demyelination, cell loss, and possibly disruption of tissue anisotropy in PRLs.

Evidence Level

2

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2
Together or Separate: What is best practice when imaging bilateral hands for rheumatoid arthritis examinations?
Authors: Keir Annabel , Braithwaite Vicki
Published: June 2023

Introduction

A current gap identified in medical imaging (MI) literature is a standardised approach to bilateral hand examinations. This examination performed concurrently or unilaterally results in different effects on radiation dose and image quality, both of which are important to the diagnostic and follow‐up imaging of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.

Methods

An experimental study was undertaken using anthropomorphic hand phantoms at the Queensland University of Technology (QUT) MI Simulation laboratory. Images of the hand were acquired individually and then concurrently with both hands together. Radiation dose was calculated by observing dose area product (DAP) reading on a digital radiography system, with the additional use of an exposure metre as a secondary data collection method. Image quality was quantified through measuring distortion caused by beam divergence, by exploring the separation of two metal rings fixed to the hand phantom.

Results

The overall radiation dose was higher for the unilateral technique by 10.15% at the digital radiography system console and 11.96% recorded by the exposure metre. In the second part of the experiment, the unilateral technique produced 0 mm of distortion when the phantom was positioned in the central part of the beam. The concurrent technique demonstrated an average of 3.65 mm of distortion, when both hands were positioned with the central part of the beam between them.

Conclusion

The unilateral technique should be performed for bilateral hand examinations. The increase in distortion from the concurrent technique is clinically significant, as the diagnostic grading of RA is measured in millimetre increments. The additional overall examination dose is minimal when compared to the improvement in image quality.
Cost‐Effectiveness of Steroids for Prolonging the Surgery‐Free Interval in Subglottic Stenosis
Authors: Langlie Jake A. , Pasick Luke J. , Rosow David E.
Published: June 2023

Objectives

Repeat endoscopic dilation (ED) in the operating room for subglottic stenosis (SGS) remains an economic burden to patients. The cost‐effectiveness (CE) of adjuvant serial intralesional steroid injections (SILSI) to prolong the surgery‐free interval (SFI) in SGS patients requiring ED has yet to be studied.

Methods

Details of the cost of SILSI and ED were received from our tertiary academic center. SFI, cost of intervention, and the effect of SILSI on prolonging SFI were collected from a systematic review by Luke et al. SGS etiologies in the review included idiopathic, iatrogenic, or autoimmune. A break‐even analysis, comparing the cost of SILSI alone with the cost of repeat ED, was performed to determine if SILSI injections were cost‐effective in prolonging the SFI.

Results

Average extension of the SFI with SILSI was an additional 219.3 days compared to ED alone based on a systematic review of the literature. 41/55 (74.5%) cases did not require further ED once in‐office SILSI management began. SILSI administered in a 4‐dose series in 3‐to‐7‐week intervals (~$7,564.00) is CE if the reported recurrence rate of SGS requiring ED (~$39,429.00) has an absolute risk reduction (ARR) of at least 19.18% with the use of SILSI. Based on the literature, SILSI prevents ~3 out of every 4 cases of SGS at sufficient follow‐up from undergoing repeat ED, resulting in an ARR of ~75%.

Conclusions

SILSI is economically reasonable if it prolongs the SFI of at least one case of recurrence out of 5. SILSI, therefore, can be CE in extending the interval for surgical ED.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 133:3436–3442, 2023
Using catch orientations to identify clusters of North Carolina trout anglers
Authors: Robinson Kerrick W. , Rash Jacob M.
Published: June 2023

Objective

We sought to (1) assess the validity of a catch orientation measure for mountain trout angling in North Carolina, (2) segment North Carolina trout anglers based on catch orientation, (3) explore associations between classified catch orientation clusters and other angler non-catch-specific characteristics, and (4) explore mountain trout angling classification preferences between classified catch orientation clusters.

Methods

North Carolina trout anglers were the focus of our investigation and were surveyed with an online questionnaire. We validated a four-dimensional latent structure of catch orientation measures and clustered anglers based on catch orientation attitudes. We ran multiple between cluster comparative tests to explore unique characteristics of each cluster.

Result

We identified three trout angling clusters: non-catch-oriented anglers, trophy anglers, and consumptive anglers. Consumptive anglers were unique in their positive attitudes towards catching many fish and keeping fish, using natural bait and artificial lures, angling in streams with the least restrictive rules, and being motivated by social activity-general factors. Trophy anglers were unique in their positive attitudes towards catching trophy (large) fish and the activity-specific motive of fishing for sport. Also, they prefer to fish in streams that are stocked with trophy fish and have catch-and-release regulations for half of the year. Non-catch-oriented anglers scored lowest on most catch orientation metrics, were motivated by the activity-general motives of “nature,” and preferred angling in the most abundant and dispersed network of streams.

Conclusion

Our study identified divergence in catch orientations directed at a particular sport fish family, implications for future applications of recreation specialization, and potential improvements in catch orientation measures. These profiles also provide managers with information to assist in meeting management plan goals, examining access issues, and engaging with the public. We highlight the importance of pragmatic and sport-fish-family-specific inquiries into angler diversity and discuss applied implications of these results.
Investigations on the macro‐meso mechanical properties and energy dissipation mechanism of granite shear fracture under dynamic disturbance
Authors: Wang Gang , Luo Yi , Gong Hangli , Liu Tingting , Li Xinping , Song Leibo
Published: June 2023

To explore the mechanical characteristics and failure mechanisms of rock shear fracture under dynamic disturbance, the laboratory shear test and numerical simulation based on particle flow code (PFC) were carried out, and the mesoscopic degradation characteristics and energy dissipation mechanisms of rock shear fracture were analyzed. The results show that: (1) The crack initiation stress of rock under the disturbance condition is relatively reduced by 20%–29%, and there is a “shear fracture weakening effect.” The frequent alternating effect of stress concentration and release at the post‐peak failure stage is more obvious. (2) The number of cracks in rock under shear action shows the evolution of “calm → low speed growth → rapid increase → decrease of amplification → stabilization” with the increase of shear displacement. Compared with the conventional shear test, more cracks, and wider debris zones are formed. The number of cracks increases by 53%–106%, and the number of debris increases by 31%–138%. (3) The energy change trend of disturbance shear fracture test is basically consistent with that of conventional shear test. With the increase of normal stress, the input energy, elastic strain energy and dissipation energy of rock failure point show a certain linear growth feature. Compared with the conventional shear test, the input energy and stored strain energy of the failure point in the disturbance shear test are smaller, with relative reduction of 16.5% and 22.1%. Namely, the normal frequent disturbance reduces the energy storage capacity and failure resistance of rock.
A machine learning approach that measures pH using acidoCEST MRI of iopamidol
Authors: Li Tianzhe , Cárdenas‐Rodríguez Julio , Trakru Priya N. , Pagel Mark D.
Published: June 2023

Tumor acidosis is an important biomarker for aggressive tumors, and extracellular pH (pHe) of the tumor microenvironment can be used to predict and evaluate tumor responses to chemotherapy and immunotherapy. AcidoCEST MRI measures tumor pHe by exploiting the pH‐dependent chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) effect of iopamidol, an exogenous CT agent repurposed for CEST MRI. However, all pH fitting methodologies for acidoCEST MRI data have limitations. Herein we present results of the application of machine learning for extracting pH values from CEST Z‐spectra of iopamidol. We acquired 36,000 experimental CEST spectra from 200 phantoms of iopamidol prepared at five concentrations, five T1 values, and eight pH values at five temperatures, acquired at six saturation powers and six saturation times. We also acquired T1, T2, B1 RF power, and B0 magnetic field strength supplementary MR information. These MR images were used to train and validate machine learning models for the tasks of pH classification and pH regression. Specifically, we tested the L1‐penalized logistic regression classification (LRC) model and the random forest classification (RFC) model for classifying the CEST Z‐spectra for thresholds at pH 6.5 and 7.0. Our results showed that both RFC and LRC were effective for pH classification, although the RFC model achieved higher predictive value, and improved the accuracy of classification accuracy with CEST Z‐spectra with a more limited set of saturation frequencies. Furthermore, we used LASSO and random forest regression (RFR) models to explore pH regression, which showed that the RFR model achieved higher accuracy and precision for estimating pH across the entire pH range of 6.2–7.3, especially when using a more limited set of features. Based on these results, machine learning for analysis of acidoCEST MRI is promising for eventual in vivo determination of tumor pHe.
CP decomposition for tensors via alternating least squares with QR decomposition
Authors: Minster Rachel , Viviano Irina , Liu Xiaotian , Ballard Grey
Published: June 2023

The CP tensor decomposition is used in applications such as machine learning and signal processing to discover latent low‐rank structure in multidimensional data. Computing a CP decomposition via an alternating least squares (ALS) method reduces the problem to several linear least squares problems. The standard way to solve these linear least squares subproblems is to use the normal equations, which inherit special tensor structure that can be exploited for computational efficiency. However, the normal equations are sensitive to numerical ill‐conditioning, which can compromise the results of the decomposition. In this paper, we develop versions of the CP‐ALS algorithm using the QR decomposition and the singular value decomposition, which are more numerically stable than the normal equations, to solve the linear least squares problems. Our algorithms utilize the tensor structure of the CP‐ALS subproblems efficiently, have the same complexity as the standard CP‐ALS algorithm when the input is dense and the rank is small, and are shown via examples to produce more stable results when ill‐conditioning is present. Our MATLAB implementation achieves the same running time as the standard algorithm for small ranks, and we show that the new methods can obtain lower approximation error.
H2Open – Guest Editorial
Authors: Barboiu Mihail , Kirchner Barbara , Perlt Eva , Scarso Alessandro
Published: June 2023

This special collection presents original research articles and reviews that are connected to the multifaceted and rich chemistry of water. These works serve as an illustration of how, despite its apparent simplicity and ubiquity, water continues to be at the center of scientific exploration from a wide range of perspectives and employing the toolbox of modern‐day chemistry.
Intergovernmental transfers and fiscal equalization across the north‐eastern states of India: Evidence from panel data
Authors: Sarmah Gargee , Panda Prasant Kumar
Published: June 2023

While numerous studies have tried to analyze the impact of intergovernmental transfers in fostering fiscal equalization in India, there need to be more studies in the context of north‐eastern (NE) states. Situating in a geographically isolated and economically backward region, the states of NE India depend heavily on central fiscal transfers to meet expenditures and to promote various economic activities in the region. One of the essential objectives of these transfers is to achieve fiscal equity. Hence, the study attempts to analyze the fiscal equalizing nature of the intergovernmental transfers across NE India during 1991–2019. The coefficient of variation (CV) analysis results indicates that although fiscal transfers reduced the magnitude of disparity in the own‐source revenue across the NE states, a significant amount of disparity still exists in the resource base across these states. The regression analysis findings suggest that the transfers across these states need to be more fiscal equalizing. The per capita gross state domestic product emerges as a positive and significant in predicting per capita transfers, and hence it questions the progressivity of central transfers. When assigning the interstate share of transfers, more weight should be placed on fiscal equalizing factors such as per capita income. The Finance Commission of India should emphasize fiscal equalizing criteria when allocating weights and recommending transfers to the NE States. Additionally, states with low incomes should be recognized in plan schemes.
Recyclable photoluminescent elastomer incorporating carboxyl‐functionalized fluorescent powder via dynamic covalent cross‐linking
Authors: Xia Biao , Shi Cheng , Li Zhou , Lin Tengfei , Gao Min , Zhao Chunlin , Wu Xiao , Lin Cong , Wang Jinyun
Published: June 2023

The rapid development of photochromic devices has stimulated great enthusiasm for the design and preparation of luminescent materials. Introducing fluorescent powder ZnS:Cu into the cross‐linked polymer matrix is an efficient and simple method to obtain photochromic materials with excellent comprehensive performance. However, the traditional method is to directly introduce fluorescent powder into the polymer matrix by physical mixing. This not only increases the internal defects of the polymer and reduces the mechanical properties, but also hinders the fluorescent powder from absorbing external energy and reduces its luminescence efficiency. In addition, few studies have focused on recyclable photochromic luminescent materials. Inspired by dynamic covalent cross‐linking technology, this paper first modified fluorescent powder with 3‐mercaptopropionic acid and then introduced it into epoxy silicone rubber to prepare recyclable luminescent elastomer. Compared with traditional physical blending, the mechanical properties and luminescence performance of the covalently bonded luminescent elastomer were improved. Excellent mechanical properties and luminescence performance were maintained in multiple recycling processes. This paper provides a feasible and simple scheme for the preparation of recyclable luminescent elastomers, paving the way for the recycling and long‐term utilization of photochromic luminescent materials.
A useful species identification and quality control using volatile patterns of ssajuari‐ssuk and sajabal‐ssuk (Artemisia princeps Pamp. cv. ssajuari and Artemisia princeps Pamp. cv. sajabal; Korean mugwort) according to air‐drying term by fast gas chromatography with uncoated surface acoustic wave sensor
Authors: Oh Se Yeon
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Ssajuari‐ssuk and sajabal‐ssuk have many clinical benefits. It is difficult to discriminate between these two species based on general characteristics aside from the shapes of the leaves. Thus, species identification and quality control between ssajuari‐ssuk and sajabal‐ssuk are of great concern in plant science and clinical therapy.

Objective

The aim of this study is to determine whether fast gas chromatography with uncoated surface acoustic wave sensor (GC‐SAW) can be a useful technique for performing species identification and quality control using volatile patterns of ssajuari‐ssuk and sajabal‐ssuk air‐dried for 4 months and 2 years and 4 months.

Methodology

Fast GC‐SAW sensor provides second unit analysis, simple, on‐line measurements that do not require pretreatment of the sample and rapid sensory information. Headspace solid‐phase microextraction gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS‐SPME‐GC–MS) was employed to confirm the identification of the volatiles and compared to fast GC‐SAW sensor.

Results

In air‐dried sajabal‐ssuk, the concentration of 1,8‐cineole was higher than that in air‐dried ssajuari‐ssuk, while the level of α‐thujone was considerably lower than that of air‐dried ssajuari‐ssuk. Each of ssajuari‐ssuk and sajabal‐ssuk air‐dried for 4 months and 2 years and 4 months has its own characteristic volatile pattern owing to its individual chemotypes or chemical compositions.

Conclusion

Consequently, the fast GC‐SAW sensor can be a useful technique for species identification and quality control using volatile patterns of ssajuari‐ssuk and sajabal‐ssuk air‐dried for 4 months and 2 years and 4 months. This method can be used for the standardisation of quality control using volatile patterns of herbal medicines.
Do first‐trimester screening algorithms for preeclampsia aligned to use of preventative therapies reduce the prevalence of pre‐term preeclampsia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Foster Ailsa Borbolla , Park Felicity , Hyett Jon
Published: June 2023

Objective

Traditional obstetric practice relies upon history‐based assessment to screen for preeclampsia and guide preventative therapies but is hampered by low sensitivity, high false‐positive rates and low treatment rates. First‐trimester screening algorithms represent the most efficacious approach for risk prediction and could target early initiation of aspirin to well‐defined high‐risk populations. A large randomised controlled trial has demonstrated the clinical benefits of this approach, but widespread practice implementation has remained elusive.

Methods

We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis summarising studies linking first‐trimester preeclampsia screening algorithms with the initiation of preventative therapy and examined their effect on pre‐term preeclampsia rates compared with standard maternity care. Odds ratios were calculated together with 95% confidence intervals.

Results

7 studies with a total of 377,790 participants were included. Within singleton populations, early initiation of aspirin in response to a high‐risk screening algorithm result reduced the prevalence of pre‐term preeclampsia by 39% compared with routine antenatal care (odds ratio 0.61; 95% CI: 0.52–0.70). There were significant reductions in the prevalence of preeclampsia at <32–34 weeks, preeclampsia at any gestation and stillbirth.

Conclusion

First‐trimester screening algorithms for preeclampsia aligned with early initiation of preventative therapy with aspirin reduce the prevalence of pre‐term preeclampsia.
Substrate derived sequences act as subsite‐blocking motifs in protease inhibitory antibodies
Authors: Choe Hyunjun , Antee Tara , Ge Xin
Published: June 2023

Proteases are involved in many physiologic processes, and dysregulated proteolysis is basis of a variety of diseases. Specific inhibition of pathogenetic proteases via monoclonal antibodies therefore holds significant therapeutic promise. Inspired by the competitive mechanism utilized by many naturally occurring and man‐made protease inhibitors, we hypothesized that substrate‐like peptide sequences can act as protease subsite blocking motifs if they occupy only one side of the reaction center. To test this hypothesis, a degenerate codon library representing MMP‐14 substrate profiles at P1–P5' positions was constructed in the context of an anti‐MMP‐14 Fab by replacing its inhibitory motif in CDR‐H3 with MMP‐14 substrate repertoires. After selection for MMP‐14 active‐site binders by phage panning, results indicated that diverse substrate‐like sequences conferring antibodies inhibitory potencies were enriched in the isolated clones. Optimal residues at each of P1–P5' positions were then identified, and the corresponding mutation combinations showed improved characteristics as effective inhibitors of MMP‐14. Insights on efficient library designs for inhibitory peptide motifs were further discussed. Overall, this study proved the concept that substrate‐derived sequences were able to behave as the inhibitory motifs in protease‐specific antibodies. With accumulating data available on protease substrate profiles, we expect the approach described here can be broadly applied to facilitate the generation of antibody inhibitors targeting biomedically important proteases.
An observer‐based periodic delayed feedback for fixed‐time stabilization of input‐delay systems
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Song Yunxia , Jiang Huaiyuan , Yang Xuefei
Published: June 2023

A family of observer‐based periodic delayed feedback (PDF) controllers are proposed in this paper for the fixed‐time stabilization of the linear input‐delay system with immeasurable states. By switching the controller gain to different values periodically, an explicit relationship is established between the control gain and the system matrix. To address the open‐loop problem faced by the standard PDF controller, two different observer‐predictor‐based PDF are proposed. Both controllers ensure that the closed‐loop system converges asymptotically throughout the control period. Furthermore, a modified PDF is proposed for multi‐input‐multi‐output systems utilizing the characteristic of controllability index set and observability index set. The modified PDF can be used for the reduction of switches required in the stabilization. A simulation example on the spacecraft rendezvous is proposed to illustrate the theory of the method proposed.
Macrocycle Self‐Assembly Hydrogel for High‐Efficient Oil–Water Separation
Authors: Li Sheng‐Hua , Li Bin‐Bin , Zhao Xue‐Lin , Wu Huang , Chai Rui‐Lin , Li Guang‐Yue , Zhu Di , He Guangrui , Zhang Hai‐Fu , Xie Ke‐Ke , Cheng Bowen , Zhao Qian
Published: June 2023

Supramolecular hydrogels involved macrocycles have been explored widely in recent years, but it remains challenging to develop hydrogel based on solitary macrocycle with super gelation capability. Here, the construction of lantern[33]arene‐based hydrogel with low critical gelation concentration (0.05 wt%), which can be used for efficient oil–water separation, is reported. The lantern[33]arenes self‐assemble into hydrogen‐bonded organic nanoribbons, which intertwine into entangled fibers to form hydrogel. This hydrogel which exhibits reversible pH‐responsiveness characteristics can be coated on stainless‐steel mesh by in situ sol‐gel transformation. The resultant mesh exhibits excellent oil–water separation efficiency (>99%) and flux (>6 × 104 L m−2 h−1). This lantern[33]arene‐based hydrogel not only sheds additional light on the gelation mechanisms for supramolecular hydrogels, but also extends the application of macrocycle‐based hydrogels as functional interfacial materials.
High‐Performance Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries Based on Multidimensional V2O3 Nanosheets@Single‐Walled Carbon Nanohorns@Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite and Optimized Electrolyte
Authors: Hong Junzhi , Xie Ling , Shi Chenglong , Lu Xiaoyi , Shi Xiaoyan , Cai Junjie , Wu Yanxue , Shao Lianyi , Sun Zhipeng
Published: June 2023

The drawbacks of poor electronic conductivity and structural instability during the cycling process limit the electrochemical property of vanadium‐based cathode materials for aqueous zinc‐ion batteries. In addition, continuous growth and accumulation of zinc dendrites can puncture the separator and cause an internal short circuit in the battery. In this work, a unique multidimensional nanocomposite is designed by a facile freeze‐drying method with subsequent calcination, consisting of V2O3 nanosheets and single‐walled carbon nanohorns (SWCNHs) crosslinked together and wrapped by reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The multidimensional structure can largely enhance the structural stability and electronic conductivity of the electrode material. Besides, additive Na2SO4 in the ZnSO4 aqueous electrolyte not only prevents the dissolution of cathode materials but also suppresses the Zn dendrite growth. After considering the influence of additive concentration on ionic conductivity and electrostatic force for electrolyte, V2O3@SWCNHs@rGO electrode delivers a high initial discharge capacity of 422 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 and a high discharge capacity of 283 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at 5 A g−1 in 2 m ZnSO4 + 2 m Na2SO4 electrolyte. Experimental techniques reveal that the electrochemical reaction mechanism can be expressed as the reversible phase transformation between V2O5 and V2O3 with Zn3(VO4)2.
Fluorocarbon Surfactant‐Assisted Large‐Area Uniform and Water‐Resistant Perovskite Films for Efficient Photovoltaics
Authors: Xu Yutian , Wang Xiaojie , Jin Zuoming , Li Bin , An Wei , Zhang Qinghong , Rui Yichuan
Published: June 2023

Formamidinium (FA)‐based lead triiodide perovskites are suitable light‐absorbing materials for solar cells due to their narrow bandgap, long‐range charge diffusion length, and excellent thermal stability. However, large‐area uniformity and phase purity are still challenging issues in the two‐step solution processed perovskite films because of the incomplete spreading/reacting of the organic amine salt solution. Herein, a novel multifunctional nonionic fluorocarbon surfactant (FS) is introduced to improve the crystallization of perovskites via the strategy of reducing the surface tension of the organic amine salt solution and facilitating the adequate binding of the organic amine salts with PbI2. Moreover, the FS additives effectively reduce residual PbI2; passivate the surface and interfacial defects of perovskites. The FS modified perovskite solar cells (PSCs) exhibit a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.72% (0.16 cm2) with an enhanced stability, and the unencapsulated device maintains about 80% of the initial PCE even after 1000 h of storage. In addition, the larger PSCs with the active area of 1.00 cm2 deliver a peak PCE of 19.19%. Eventually, FS impedes moisture intrusion and effectively mitigates the decomposition of perovskite film. This work opens the way to explore large‐area PSCs with high performance and long‐term stability.
Clashing Roles and Identities of EL Teachers during Emergency Remote Teaching and Learning
Authors: Morita‐Mullaney Trish , Cushing‐Leubner Jenna , Benegas Michelle , Greene Michelle C. S. , Stolpestad Amy
Published: June 2023

During Emergency Remote Teaching and Learning (ERTL) and the closure of schools due to the COVID‐19 pandemic, teachers of multilingual students were positioned to adopt varied outreach methods to sustain access to education among multilingual families. Prior to ERTL, instruction in schools was socially situated as having greater institutional value relative to service‐oriented tasks, yet service‐related needs, including health and human services and/or access to technology increased during the physical closure of schools. EL teachers took on more service‐related tasks for their MLL families and did so by assuming, negotiating and resisting particular roles; a reflexive and interactional process. Using theories of teacher positioning and language teacher identity, we examined the experiences of EL teachers in the Great Lakes Region of the US. Findings demonstrate that few EL teachers resisted roles within instruction and service during ERTL, a critical dimension of teacher identity transformation and advocacy for MLLs. As we move into recovery from the COVID‐19 pandemic and into a Remote Teaching and Learning (RTL) period, implications suggest that when EL teachers’ roles and identities are incongruous, resilience can be fostered informing a unique form of agency and teacher leadership; a necessary characteristic for an equity‐informed education.
Bromide reactivity in topsoil: Implications for use as a “conservative” tracer in assessing quantity and quality of water
Authors: Albers Christian Nyrop , Rosenbom Annette Elisabeth
Published: June 2023

Bromide is a frequently used conservative tracer in soil leaching studies, including studies on contaminant leaching from arable topsoils. However, bromide often does not behave conservatively. Biogeochemists have known for many years that in natural soils, bromide is converted into organic bromine in a process known as bromination. However, bromination is seldom used as an explanation of non‐conservative leaching behavior by soil hydrologists. In a controlled small‐scale lysimeter study with arable soil we demonstrate such nonconservative behavior of bromide in opposition to control columns with fine gravel/coarse sand. By combining a literature review with the lysimeter study, we demonstrate the potential importance of bromination in topsoil and that bromination cannot be ignored, when interpreting bromide tracer experiments in arable soils. We also highlight the need for further studies on the processes of bromination and remineralization, to be able to account for these when conducting bromide leaching assessments.
Interactions between sediment processes and ecosystem responses in the Green Bay of Lake Michigan
Authors: Khazaei Bahram , Bravo Hector R. , Hamidi Sajad A.
Published: June 2023

Estuaries, in particular freshwater estuaries, provide valuable economic, social, and ecological services, but their ecosystems are often heavily stressed. Located in the Laurentian Great Lakes basin, Green Bay is a large freshwater estuary and a prominent example of a degraded ecosystem due to intensive human interventions and rapid development. Excessive amounts of contaminants and nutrients were discharged to the bay by inflowing tributaries for almost half a century, while in contrast Green Bay's seasonal‐, morphological‐, and physically‐restricted mixing is unable to export a significant portion of those materials out of the bay, that is, Green Bay behaves as an efficient retention basin for the Lake Michigan. Consequently, several environmental and public health‐related issues have risen in Green Bay and turned the lower bay into an area of environmental concern since the 1980s. To address these challenges, restoration programs were developed, including the development of monitoring programs, scientific research, and remedial action plans. There is a consensus that accelerated loading rates of contaminated and nutrient‐rich sediments are a major driver of the environmental crisis in the bay, yet the fate and transport patterns of Green Bay sediments are not clearly understood. While field observations in Green Bay are season‐limited and costly, advanced computing techniques provided opportunities to refine our understanding of sediment dynamics in this estuarine system. This review of existing knowledge on Green Bay sediment processes can help to better understand the interplay between sediments, and physical/biogeochemical activities in estuarine systems and contributes conceptually to the restoration of degraded aquatic ecosystems.

This article is categorized under:

Science of Water > Hydrological Processes

Science of Water > Water Quality

Water and Life > Stresses and Pressures on Ecosystems
Distinct Alterations in Oxygenation, Ion Composition and Acid-Base Balance in Cerebral Collaterals During Large-Vessel Occlusion Stroke
Authors: Feick Jörn , Pham Mirko , März Alexander G. , Vogt Marius L. , Strinitz Marc , Stoll Guido , Schuhmann Michael K. , Kollikowski Alexander M.
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Disturbances of blood gas and ion homeostasis including regional hypoxia and massive sodium (Na+)/potassium (K+) shifts are a hallmark of experimental cerebral ischemia but have not been sufficiently investigated for their relevance in stroke patients.

Methods

We report a prospective observational study on 366 stroke patients who underwent endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for large-vessel occlusion (LVO) of the anterior circulation (18 December 2018–31 August 2020). Intraprocedural blood gas samples (1 ml) from within cerebral collateral arteries (ischemic) and matched systemic control samples were obtained according to a prespecified protocol in 51 patients.

Results

We observed a significant reduction in cerebral oxygen partial pressure (−4.29%, paO2ischemic = 185.3 mm Hg vs. paO2systemic = 193.6 mm Hg; p = 0.035) and K+ concentrations (−5.49%, K+ischemic = 3.44 mmol/L vs. K+systemic = 3.64 mmol/L; p = 0.0083). The cerebral Na+:K+ ratio was significantly increased and negatively correlated with baseline tissue integrity (r = −0.32, p = 0.031). Correspondingly, cerebral Na+ concentrations were most strongly correlated with infarct progression after recanalization (r = 0.42, p = 0.0033). We found more alkaline cerebral pH values (+0.14%, pHischemic = 7.38 vs. pHsystemic = 7.37; p = 0.0019), with a time-dependent shift towards more acidotic conditions (r = −0.36, p = 0.055).

Conclusion

These findings suggest that stroke-induced changes in oxygen supply, ion composition and acid-base balance occur and dynamically progress within penumbral areas during human cerebral ischemia and are related to acute tissue damage.
Dermato-neurologisches Syndrom – eine akute und lebensbedrohliche Komplikation des Skleromyxödems Arndt-Gottron
Authors: Linse Kai-Philipp , Enk Alexander , Hoffmann Jochen
Published: June 2023

Das Skleromyxödem Arndt-Gottron ist die systemische Variante des Lichen myxoedematosus. Kennzeichnend sind Muzinablagerungen im Bereich der Dermis mit Ausbildung von Papeln und flächigen Indurationen. Der Verlauf ist häufig chronisch progredient und extrakutane Manifestationen bzw. Komplikationen sind möglich. Meist liegt eine monoklonale Gammopathie vor. Die Pathogenese ist unbekannt. Als effektive Therapieoption gelten hochdosierte intravenöse Immunglobuline (IVIg). Wir berichten über eine Patientin mit Skleromyxödem, bei der im Rahmen einer SARS-CoV-2-bedingten Therapieunterbrechung ein infektgetriggertes dermato-neurologisches Syndrom auftrat. Eine ähnliche Episode ereignete sich bereits 2 Jahre zuvor im Rahmen einer Influenza-A-Infektion gegen Ende des IVIg-Infusionsintervalls. Bei dem dermato-neurologischen Syndrom handelt es sich um eine besonders schwerwiegende, potenziell lebensbedrohliche, akute neurologische Komplikation mit Fieberschüben, deliranter Symptomatik, epileptischen Anfälle und Koma.
Worldviews, values and perspectives towards the future of the livestock sector
Authors: Blair Kirsty Joanna , Moran Dominic , Alexander Peter
Published: June 2023

The livestock sector is under increasing pressure to respond to numerous sustainability and health challenges related to the production and consumption of livestock products. However, political and market barriers and conflicting worldviews and values across the environmental, socio-economic and political domains have led to considerable sector inertia, and government inaction. The processes that lead to the formulation of perspectives in this space, and that shape action (or inaction), are currently under-researched. This paper presents results of a mixed methods exploration of the influence of environmental worldviews, values, and demographic factors on perspectives towards the future of the livestock sector. The approach combines survey and interview data derived from a sample of livestock representatives (N = 307). Respondents with higher pro-environmental, ecocentric and relational worldviews and values favour more behaviour-oriented solutions. Those with lower pro-environmental and higher techno-centric worldviews and values favour technological solutions to improve the efficiency of production and to enable continued patterns of meat consumption. Demographic variation and qualitative data emphasise the need to recognise cultural and geographic nuance in narratives. This study improves our understanding of the processes that lead to the formulation of perspectives, enabling the development of more holistic solutions that acknowledge all voices in an increasingly polarised debate. Adopting more pluralistic, relational methodologies will therefore be paramount in developing solutions for sustainable livestock futures.
A generalization of the increasing generalized failure rate unimodality condition
Authors: Leonardos Stefanos , Koki Constandina , Melolidakis Costis
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we study unimodality conditions for distributions that describe markets with stochastic demand. Such conditions naturally emerge in the analysis of game-theoretic models of market competition (Cournot games) and supply chain coordination (Stackelberg games). We express the price elasticity of expected demand in terms of the mean residual life (MRL) function of the demand distribution and characterize optimal prices or equivalently, points of unitary elasticity, as fixed points of the MRL function. This leads to economic interpretable conditions on the demand distribution under which such fixed points exist and are unique. We find that markets with increasing price elasticity of expected demand that eventually become elastic correspond to distributions with decreasing generalized mean residual life (DGMRL) and finite second moment. DGMRL distributions strictly generalize the widely used increasing generalized failure rate (IGFR) distributions. We further elaborate on the relationship of the two classes, link their limiting behavior at infinity and examine moment and closure properties of DGMRL distributions that are important in economic applications. The DGMRL unimodality condition is useful in the analysis of optimal decisions under uncertainty in settings that are not covered by the widely-used IGFR condition; thus, it can be of broader interest to the game-theory and operations research literature.
Characterization of bacterial communities in ticks parasitizing cattle in a touristic location in southwestern China
Authors: Xiang Yulong , Zhou Jingzhu , Yu Fuxun , Zhang Yan , Li Shijun , Hu Yong , Liang Wenqin , Liu Qiyong
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate tick species around Mount Fanjing and analyze bacterial communities in two species – Rhipicephalus microplus and Haemaphysalis longicornis – parasitizing cattle in Tongren, Guizhou province, Southwest China, using high-throughput sequencing methods. In April 2019, ticks were collected from five sites in Jiangkou County, Yinjiang County, and Songtao County. In total, 296 ticks were collected, comprising two genera and three species: H. longicornis, Haemaphysalis flava, and R. microplus. Rhipicephalus microplus was the most representative species (57.4%) within the collected group, being the dominant species in Tongren City, followed by H. longicornis (39.5%) and H. flava (3.0%). Beta-diversity analysis revealed differences in bacterial community composition among the tick species. The bacterial community structure of R. microplus collected in the three counties was highly similar. Chlorella and Bacillus were highly abundant in H. longicornis. Rickettsia was detected at high relative abundance in R. microplus but in low relative abundance in H. longicornis, suggesting that Rickettsia is more associated with R. microplus than with H. longicornis. More in-depth investigations are needed to determine the pathogenic risk of Rickettsia and its relationship with the host. This is the first survey on tick-borne bacterial communities in this area, which is of great significance for the prevention and control of tick-borne diseases locally.
Production of nano-scale cellulose nanocrystal powder via electrospray drying (ESD) for sustainable composites
Authors: Sanders J. Elliott , Wang Lu , Brinkley Gabriella , Gardner Douglas J.
Published: June 2023

This research introduces the use of electrospray drying (ESD) using the electro-hydro dynamic atomization (EHDA) mechanism to produce dry nano-scale cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) powder from a 3 wt% aqueous suspension. The nano-scale CNC suspensions being mostly water are energy intensive to dry. Gas atomization in convection spray drying (SD) produces micron-scale CNC powder during dehydration. The ESD mechanism utilizes coulomb repulsion to overcome the suspension’s liquid surface tension and produces ultra-fine droplets. The droplets dehydrate after falling a fixed distance at atmospheric temperature and pressure, leaving nano-scale powder CNCs. Drying CNCs in suspension occurred after reducing the liquid’s surface tension by mixing 40% (wt) ethanol and 60 (wt) de-ionized (DI) water. The suspension feed rate was optimized at 6 µL min−1 and four syringes were employed to increase CNC powder production rates. Particle dimensions, observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and measured by image analysis software, ranged from 40 to 1200 nm in length and 10–500 nm in width. Up to 80% of the sprayed CNCs in suspension were recovered from a parallel plate collector and contained ~ 5 wt% water content. Adding 0.5 wt% nano-scale powder CNCs in the poly-lactic acid (PLA) tensile strength by 10.3% and elastic modulus by 9.9%. The tensile yield strength and elastic modulus of nano-scale CNC/PLA composite specimens were 62.5 MPa and 3.66 GPa, respectively. For comparison, 0.5 wt% SD micron scale CNC/PLA composite only increased strength 5.1 and stiffness 1.3% at the same processing conditions.

Graphical abstract
Factors that mediate the success of the use of online platforms to support learning: the view of university teachers
Authors: Rueda-Gómez Karol Lisette , Rodríguez-Muñiz Luis J. , Muñiz-Rodríguez Laura
Published: June 2023

The goal of this research is to analyze the factors that mediate the success of the use of online learning support platforms, based on the perceptions of a focus group of university professors, with a qualitative methodological approach. The sample consisted of 11 mathematics professors who taught three subjects to 9 240 incoming students, during seven semesters between 2018 and 2021. Through open coding, 17 factors were identified that mediate the success of the online learning support platform. Through axial coding, 5 categories were determined that summarize the relationships between the different factors, namely: obstacles, impediments that teachers must face when teaching; teacher contribution, factors that indicate the added value that teachers find in the classroom from the implementation of online training; student, reception given by students to the online training; reinforcement, factors related to the medium used to develop the online training; platform, factors related to the strategy itself and how to improve it. Finally, through selective coding, it was possible to integrate and redefine the central categories, obtaining as a result an implementation model of the online platform, which can explain and contribute to the success of other similar experiences at the university level.