bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plasmid curing pattern of nosocomial pathogens of intensive care units (ICU) in Zagazig University Hospital
Authors: El Salam Soheir , Ghaly Mohammed Farouk , Shahen Ahmed Anwar , Amer Mahmoud Mostafa , Abdelkader Sanaa Atef
Published: January 2017

Nosocomial infections and antibiotic resistance are serious and growing phenomenon in contemporary medicine and has emerged as one of the public health concerns. A total of seventy isolates of bacteria were collected from patients. The selected isolates include 33 (56.9%) from males and 25 (43.1%) from females. All bacteria were susceptible to imipenem followed by amikacin, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin and tobramycin, respectively. The multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacterial isolates (33 isolates) divided into four groups named Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus were selected to be identified according to the keys of different identification protocols. Escherichia coli found to be the most frequent pathogen within MDR isolates followed by Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia, respectively. The MICs and MBCs of (Imipenem, Amikacin, Ceftazidime and ciprofloxacin) against the most resistant isolates were determined. Generally, P. aeruginosa (Strain No. 55) was found to be the highest resistant bacteria. Plasmid profile of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was carried out, after incubation at 37oc for 24hr recorded no changes in plasmid and compared with incubation at 43oc (plasmid curing) which showed complete removal of plasmid bands and the tested bacteria became more sensitive to antibiotics. This study therefore determined the prevalence, anti-biotic susceptibility and plasmid patterns of P. aeruginosa strains from clinical specimens obtained from the intensive care units of Zagazig University Hospital in Egypt.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2016, 2(4): 703-711
The impact of ICTs on agricultural production in Bangladesh: A study with food crops
Authors: Das Susmita , Munshi M Nasiruddin , Kabir W
Published: January 2017

Agricultural development cannot be understood without the use of modern technologies like Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). The recent developments in ICTs offer a unique opportunity to bring the production enhancing tools and technologies to the growers with much cost effective manner. Worldwide, many studies were published on the role of application of ICTs in agricultural production. However, only a few studies were carried out to know the impact of ICT based service delivery system on agricultural production aspects in Bangladesh. Therefore an attempt has been made to find the impact of ICTs on agricultural production, especially in the food crops. Using a randomised survey with a questionnaire, interviews and focus group discussion, a study was carried out with a sample of 1990 farmers from a population comprises farmers all over the country. The findings from the study after counterfactual analysis and difference in differences analysis as well showed that with the application and use of ICTs, agricultural production was accelerated which was evident from the degree of increase of ICT to that of counterfactual is 0.49 and proved that the Boro rice production from the ICT based service area has increased more than that of non-ICT based area.SAARC J. Agri., 14(2): 78-89 (2016)
Impact of improved technologies on productivity and profitability of rapeseed-mustard production at farm level in West Bengal, India
Authors: Dutta A
Published: January 2017

Ten year study of front line demonstrations (FLDs) on rapeseed-mustard was conducted to assess the potentiality of improvised production technology. In West Bengal, Rapeseed-mustard is the major oilseed crop contributing 53% of total oilseed production of the state. One of the major constraints is low productivity of this crop due to non adoption of recommended package of practices and situation-specific improved varieties by most of the growers. Data used for this study were pertained to FLDs in rapeseed-mustard conducted under Integrated Scheme on Oilseeds, Pulses, Oil palm and Maize (ISOPOM) during 2005-06 to 2014-15. The study revealed 27% yield advantage by the adoption of improved varieties almost with other practices. The other components viz., adoption of right method and time of sowing, seed treatment, application of sulphur and boron, integrated fertilizer and irrigation management, integrated pest and disease management showed 37, 32, 26, 32, 26 and 28% respectively yield advantage over farmers practice. Popularization of these proven technologies to the rapeseed- mustard growers will help them to get higher economic returns with sustainable production system of the state.SAARC J. Agri., 14(2): 126-136 (2016)
Voting at 16 – Lessons for the Future from the Scottish Referendum
Authors: Hill Malcolm , Lockyer Andrew , Head George , MacDonald Craig A.
Published: January 2017

The 2014 Referendum on Scottish independence raised many issues about the future of Scotland. It also produced an innovation as regards the electoral process by making 16 years the minimum age of participation. This article examines issues surrounding the voting age and draws on a schools-based study, which shed light on teacher and pupil opinion about this lower than usual threshold for voting. It is also concerned with how schools cover the teaching of politics and prepared students for the Referendum debate within a context of expected neutrality on a highly divisive matter. Some implications of extending the lower voting age for future elections are discussed.
Use of Ferritin-Based Metal-Encapsulated Nanocarriers as Anticancer Agents
Authors: Mosca Luciana , Falvo Elisabetta , Ceci Pierpaolo , Poser Elena , Genovese Ilaria , Guarguaglini Giulia , Colotti Gianni
Published: January 2017

The ability of ferritin to bind and deliver metals and metal-based drugs to human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells was studied. We used heavy chain (H) ferritin-based metal-containing nanocarriers to test whether these constructs, which are able to cross the blood-brain barrier, may be used for the delivery of toxic molecules to brain cells, and to study their effect on the viability and cellular redox homeostasis of human neuroblastoma cells. We show that metal-containing nanocarriers are efficiently captured by SH-SY5Y cells. Iron-containing nanocarriers have a proliferative effect, while silver and cisplatin-encapsulated nanocarriers determine concentration-dependent neuroblastoma cell death. This work is a proof of concept for the use of ferritins for the delivery of toxic molecules to brain tumors.
3D Ear Normalization and Recognition Based on Local Surface Variation
Authors: Zhang Yi , Mu Zhichun , Yuan Li , Zeng Hui , Chen Long
Published: January 2017

Most existing ICP (Iterative Closet Point)-based 3D ear recognition approaches resort to the coarse-to-fine ICP algorithms to match 3D ear models. With such an approach, the gallery-probe pairs are coarsely aligned based on a few local feature points and then finely matched using the original ear point cloud. However, such an approach ignores the fact that not all the points in the coarsely segmented ear data make positive contributions to recognition. As such, the coarsely segmented ear data which contains a lot of redundant and noisy data could lead to a mismatch in the recognition scenario. Additionally, the fine ICP matching can easily trap in local minima without the constraint of local features. In this paper, an efficient and fully automatic 3D ear recognition system is proposed to address these issues. The system describes the 3D ear surface with a local feature—the Local Surface Variation (LSV), which is responsive to the concave and convex areas of the surface. Instead of being used to extract discrete key points, the LSV descriptor is utilized to eliminate redundancy flat non-ear data and get normalized and refined ear data. At the stage of recognition, only one-step modified iterative closest points using local surface variation (ICP-LSV) algorithm is proposed, which provides additional local feature information to the procedure of ear recognition to enhance both the matching accuracy and computational efficiency. On an Inter®Xeon®W3550, 3.07 GHz work station (DELL T3500, Beijing, China), the authors were able to extract features from a probe ear in 2.32 s match the ear with a gallery ear in 0.10 s using the method outlined in this paper. The proposed algorithm achieves rank-one recognition rate of 100% on the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Automation 3D Face database (CASIA-3D FaceV1, CASIA, Beijing, China, 2004) and 98.55% with 2.3% equal error rate (EER) on the Collection J2 of University of Notre Dame Biometrics Database (UND-J2, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, USA, between 2003 and 2005).
A CMOS Multiplied Input Differential Difference Amplifier: A New Active Device and Its Applications
Authors: Sotner Roman , Jerabek Jan , Prokop Roman , Kledrowetz Vilem , Polak Josef
Published: January 2017

This paper presents a newly developed active device, referred to as a multiplied input differential difference amplifier (MIDDA), which allows operations of summation/subtraction and multiplication of input signals. It was designed and fabricated using I3T25 0.35 μm ON (ON Semiconductor, Phoenix, AZ, USA) Semiconductor technology. The achieved results, which describe the experimentally verified behaviour of the fabricated device, are introduced, as well as the simple applications of MIDDA with electronically controllable parameters, useful for analogue signal processing. Moreover, the paper discusses an interesting example of nonlinear application to a double-sideband amplitude modulator, based on the utilization of multiplication and summation of particular signals. The laboratory experimental results which are achieved through the use of a fabricated prototype (both in time and frequency domain), confirm the workability of the concept.
Thermal Sensitive Shape Memory Behavior of Epoxy Composites Reinforced with Silicon Carbide Whiskers
Authors: Wang Yongkun , Tian Wenchao , Liu Xiaohan , Ye Junjie
Published: January 2017

A novel shape memory polymer composite was fabricated by introducing various amounts of silicon carbide whiskers (SiCws) into a shape memory epoxy. The relationship between the thermomechanical properties of the system and structural changes were investigated via dynamic mechanical analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and bending tests. The results show that the bend strength of composites can improve by 64.1% when SiCw content reaches 12 wt %. The shape transition temperatures of SiCw/epoxy composites decreased slightly with the increase in SiCw content, but it was noted that all of the composites showed excellent shape memory properties. The shape fixity ratio increased as SiCw content increased (>99%), and the shape recovery ratio slightly decreased as SiCw content increased (>95%). All of the composites nearly recovered to their original shape within 2 min (not 100%), and the shape recovery speed significantly improved at a higher temperature. It is anticipated that tagging products will be used in the aerospace industry.
Mountain Waves in High Resolution Forecast Models: Automated Diagnostics of Wave Severity and Impact on Surface Winds
Authors: Sheridan Peter , Vosper Simon , Brown Philip
Published: January 2017

An automated method producing a diagnostic of the severity of lee waves and their impacts on surface winds as represented in output from a high resolution linear numerical model (3D velocities over mountains (3DVOM)) covering several areas of the U.K. is discussed. Lee waves involving turbulent rotor activity or downslope windstorms represent a hazard to aviation and ground transport, and summary information of this kind is highly valuable as an efficient ‘heads-up’ for forecasters, for automated products or to feed into impact models. Automated diagnosis of lee wave surface effects presents a particular challenge due to the complexity of turbulent zones in the lee of irregular terrain. The method proposed quantifies modelled wind perturbations relative to those that would occur in the absence of lee waves for a given background wind, and diagnoses using it are found to be quite consistent between cases and for different ranges of U.K. hills. A recent upgrade of the operational U.K. limited area model, the U.K. Variable Resolution Model (UKV) used for general forecasting at the Met Office means that it now resolves lee waves, and its performance is here demonstrated using comparisons with aircraft- and surface-based observations and the linear model. In the future, automated diagnostics may be adapted to use its output to routinely produce contiguous mesoscale maps of lee wave activity and surface impacts over the whole U.K.
High-Precision Measurements of the Bound Electron’s Magnetic Moment
Authors: Sturm Sven , Vogel Manuel , Köhler-Langes Florian , Quint Wolfgang , Blaum Klaus , Werth Günter
Published: January 2017

Highly charged ions represent environments that allow to study precisely one or more bound electrons subjected to unsurpassed electromagnetic fields. Under such conditions, the magnetic moment (g-factor) of a bound electron changes significantly, to a large extent due to contributions from quantum electrodynamics. We present three Penning-trap experiments, which allow to measure magnetic moments with ppb precision and better, serving as stringent tests of corresponding calculations, and also yielding access to fundamental quantities like the fine structure constant α and the atomic mass of the electron. Additionally, the bound electrons can be used as sensitive probes for properties of the ionic nuclei. We summarize the measurements performed so far, discuss their significance, and give a detailed account of the experimental setups, procedures and the foreseen measurements.
Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Stimulates Extra-Cellular Matrix Production in Cellular Spheroids
Authors: Casco Megan , Olsen Timothy , Herbst Austin , Evans Grace , Rothermel Taylor , Pruett Lauren , Simionescu Dan , Visconti Richard , Alexis Frank
Published: January 2017

Nanotechnologies have been integrated into drug delivery, and non-invasive imaging applications, into nanostructured scaffolds for the manipulation of cells. The objective of this work was to determine how the physico-chemical properties of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and their spatial distribution into cellular spheroids stimulated cells to produce an extracellular matrix (ECM). The MNP concentration (0.03 mg/mL, 0.1 mg/mL and 0.3 mg/mL), type (magnetoferritin), shape (nanorod—85 nm × 425 nm) and incorporation method were studied to determine each of their effects on the specific stimulation of four ECM proteins (collagen I, collagen IV, elastin and fibronectin) in primary rat aortic smooth muscle cell. Results demonstrated that as MNP concentration increased there was up to a 6.32-fold increase in collagen production over no MNP samples. Semi-quantitative Immunohistochemistry (IHC) results demonstrated that MNP type had the greatest influence on elastin production with a 56.28% positive area stain compared to controls and MNP shape favored elastin stimulation with a 50.19% positive area stain. Finally, there are no adverse effects of MNPs on cellular contractile ability. This study provides insight on the stimulation of ECM production in cells and tissues, which is important because it plays a critical role in regulating cellular functions.
Fixation Release and the Bone Bandaid: A New Bone Fixation Device Paradigm
Authors: Shayesteh Moghaddam Narges , Jahadakbar Ahmadreza , Amerinatanzi Amirhesam , Skoracki Roman , Miller Michael , Dean David , Elahinia Mohammad
Published: January 2017

The current gold standard of care for mandibular segmental defeat reconstruction is the use of Ti-6Al-4V immobilization hardware and fibular double barrel graft. This method is often successful immediately at restoring mandible function, however the highly stiff fixation hardware causes stress shielding of the grafted bone and stress concentration in the fixation device over time which can lead to fixation device failure and revision surgery. The purpose of reconstructive surgery could be to create normal stress trajectories in the mandible following engraftment. We investigate the use of a two stage mechanism which separates the immobilization/healing and regenerative phases of mandibular segmental defect treatment. The device includes the use of a very stiff, Ti-6Al-4V, releasable mechanism which assures bone healing. Therefore it could be released once the reconstructed boney tissue and any of its ligamentous attachments have completely healed. Underneath the released Ti-6Al-4V plate would be a pre-loaded nitinol (NiTi) wire-frame apparatus that facilitates the normal stress-strain trajectory through the engrafted bone after the graft is healed in place and the Ti-6Al-4V fixation device has been released. Due to the use of NiTi wires forming a netting that connects vascularized bone and possibly bone chips, bone grafts are also more likely to be incorporate rather than to resorb. We first evaluated a healthy adult mandible during normal mastication to obtain the normal stress-strain distribution. Then, we developed the finite element (FE) model of the mandibular reconstruction (in the M1-3 region) with the proposed fixation device during the healing (locked state) and post-healing (released state) periods. To recreate normal stress trajectory in the reconstructed mandible, we applied the Response Surface Methodology (RMS) to optimize the Bone Bandaid geometry (i.e., wire diameters and location). The results demonstrate that the proposed mechanism immobilizes the grafted bone in the locked state properly since the maximum resultant gap (21.54 micron) between the graft and host mandible surfaces are in the safe region (less than 300 micron). By considering the von Mises criteria for failure, FE analysis together with experimental studies (i.e., compressive and tensile testing on the inferior and superior fixation devices, respectively) confirm that the proposed fixation devices do not fail, showing safety factor of at least 10.3. Based on the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) technique, the optimal parameter values for the wires are achieved (0.65 mm and 1 mm for the superior and inferior wires, respectively) and the required level of preload on each wire are calculated (369.8 N and 229 N for the inferior and superior wires, respectively). The FE results for stress distribution on the reconstructed mandible during the released state closely match that of a healthy mandible.
Stromal Androgen Receptor in Prostate Cancer Development and Progression
Authors: Leach Damien , Buchanan Grant
Published: January 2017

Prostate cancer development and progression is the result of complex interactions between epithelia cells and fibroblasts/myofibroblasts, in a series of dynamic process amenable to regulation by hormones. Whilst androgen action through the androgen receptor (AR) is a well-established component of prostate cancer biology, it has been becoming increasingly apparent that changes in AR signalling in the surrounding stroma can dramatically influence tumour cell behavior. This is reflected in the consistent finding of a strong association between stromal AR expression and patient outcomes. In this review, we explore the relationship between AR signalling in fibroblasts/myofibroblasts and prostate cancer cells in the primary site, and detail the known functions, actions, and mechanisms of fibroblast AR signaling. We conclude with an evidence-based summary of how androgen action in stroma dramatically influences disease progression.
Benefits of Anti-Aging Actives in Sunscreens
Authors: Lintner Karl
Published: January 2017

Sunscreens are functional, utilitarian, cosmetic products. The criteria of purchase are different from those for skin care and make-up. Companies are trying to add glamour and value to basic sunscreens by incorporating “active” ingredients (other than UV filters) into these formulas and by communicating about the additional benefits, be they anti-aging, moisturizing, firming, anti-wrinkle, etc. While some of these ideas of additional ingredients make sense as supplementary skin protection, some others do not afford much benefit in view of the infrequent application and short period of usage. The present article reviews some of these ideas and presents a few active ingredients that might be of value in such a context, even if substantiation of such additional claims in sunscreens is often lacking.
Oral Health, Nutritional Choices, and Dental Fear and Anxiety
Authors: Beaudette Jennifer , Fritz Peter , Sullivan Philip , Ward Wendy
Published: January 2017

Oral health is an integral part of overall health. Poor oral health can lead to an increased risk of chronic diseases including diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and some types of cancer. The etiology of these diseases could be linked to the individual’s inability to eat a healthy diet when their dentition is compromised. While periodontal or implant surgery may be necessary to reconstruct tissue around natural teeth or replace missing teeth, respectively, some individuals avoid such interventions because of their associated fear and anxiety. Thus, while the relationship between poor oral health, compromised nutritional choices and fear and anxiety regarding periodontal procedures is not entirely new, this review provides an up-to-date summary of literature addressing aspects of this complex relationship. This review also identifies potential strategies for clinicians to help their patients overcome their fear and anxiety associated with dental treatment, and allow them to seek the care they need.
Modified Glass Ionomer Cement with “Remove on Demand” Properties: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Bishti Shaza , Tuna Taskin , Agrawal Garima , Pich Andrij , Wolfart Stefan
Published: January 2017

Objectives: To investigate the influence of different temperatures on the compressive strength of glass ionomer cement (GIC) modified by the addition of silica-coated wax capsules; Material and Methods: Commercially-available GIC was modified by adding 10% silica-coated wax capsules. Test blocks were fabricated from pure cement (control) and modified cement (test), and stored in distilled water (37 °C/23 h). The compressive strength was determined using a universal testing machine under different temperatures (37 °C, 50 °C, and 60 °C). The maximum load to failure was recorded for each group. Fractured surfaces of selected test blocks were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM); Results: For the control group, the average compressive strength was 96.8 ± 11.8, 94.3 ± 5.7 and 72.5 ± 5.7 MPa for the temperatures 37 °C, 50 °C and 60 °C respectively. The test group reported compressive strength of 64.8 ± 5.4, 47.1 ± 5.4 and 33.4 ± 3.6 MPa at 37 °C, 50 °C and 60 °C, respectively. This represented a decrease of 28% in compressive strength with the increase in temperature from 37 °C to 50 °C and 45% from the 37 °C to the 60 °C group; Conclusion: GIC modified with 10% silica-coated wax capsules and temperature application show a distinct effect on the compressive strength of GIC. Considerable compressive strength reduction was detected if the temperature was above the melting temperature of the wax core.
A Soft Parameter Function Penalized Normalized Maximum Correntropy Criterion Algorithm for Sparse System Identification
Authors: Li Yingsong , Wang Yanyan , Yang Rui , Albu Felix
Published: January 2017

A soft parameter function penalized normalized maximum correntropy criterion (SPF-NMCC) algorithm is proposed for sparse system identification. The proposed SPF-NMCC algorithm is derived on the basis of the normalized adaptive filter theory, the maximum correntropy criterion (MCC) algorithm and zero-attracting techniques. A soft parameter function is incorporated into the cost function of the traditional normalized MCC (NMCC) algorithm to exploit the sparsity properties of the sparse signals. The proposed SPF-NMCC algorithm is mathematically derived in detail. As a result, the proposed SPF-NMCC algorithm can provide an efficient zero attractor term to effectively attract the zero taps and near-zero coefficients to zero, and, hence, it can speed up the convergence. Furthermore, the estimation behaviors are obtained by estimating a sparse system and a sparse acoustic echo channel. Computer simulation results indicate that the proposed SPF-NMCC algorithm can achieve a better performance in comparison with the MCC, NMCC, LMS (least mean square) algorithms and their zero attraction forms in terms of both convergence speed and steady-state performance.
Trans-Cultural, Trans-Language Practices: Potentialities for Rethinking Doctoral Education Pedagogies
Authors: Choy Sarojni , Singh Parlo , Li Minglin
Published: January 2017

Over the last decade, there has been a rapid increase in doctoral enrolments of Asian international students in Australian universities. While policies have been developed to meet the needs of these students, there seems to be some confusion around the terms internationalisation, globalisation, bi-cultural, inter-cultural, multi-cultural, and trans-cultural within these policies. In this paper, we define these terms and advocate for a policy position which orients to a futurist definition of culture. We then review the work of Michael Singh and his research team at Western Sydney University who have responded to this rapid increase in Asian international student doctoral enrolments in Australian universities by developing pedagogic principles around notions of trans-language and trans-cultural practices. In the final section of the paper, we then draw on our own experiences of doctoral supervision in Australian universities to reflect on our positioning within the pedagogic principles around trans-language and trans-cultural practices.
An Improvement in Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil by Applying Thought Multi-Response Surface Methodology Using Desirability Functions
Authors: Corral Bobadilla Marina , Lostado Lorza Rubén , Escribano García Rubén , Somovilla Gómez Fátima , Vergara González Eliseo
Published: January 2017

The exhaustion of natural resources has increased petroleum prices and the environmental impact of oil has stimulated the search for an alternative source of energy such as biodiesel. Waste cooking oil is a potential replacement for vegetable oils in the production of biodiesel. Biodiesel is synthesized by direct transesterification of vegetable oils, which is controlled by several inputs or process variables, including the dosage of catalyst, process temperature, mixing speed, mixing time, humidity and impurities of waste cooking oil that was studied in this case. Yield, turbidity, density, viscosity and higher heating value are considered as outputs. This paper used multi-response surface methodology (MRS) with desirability functions to find the best combination of input variables used in the transesterification reactions to improve the production of biodiesel. In this case, several biodiesel optimization scenarios have been proposed. They are based on a desire to improve the biodiesel yield and the higher heating value, while decreasing the viscosity, density and turbidity. The results demonstrated that, although waste cooking oil was collected from various sources, the dosage of catalyst is one of the most important variables in the yield of biodiesel production, whereas the viscosity obtained was similar in all samples of the biodiesel that was studied.
A High Efficiency Charging Strategy for a Supercapacitor Using a Wireless Power Transfer System Based on Inductor/Capacitor/Capacitor (LCC) Compensation Topology
Authors: Geng Yuyu , Li Bin , Yang Zhongping , Lin Fei , Sun Hu
Published: January 2017

In the application of rail transit vehicles, when using typical wireless power transfer (WPT) systems with series–series (SS) compensation supply power for supercapacitors, the output current is in an approximately inverse relationship with the duty cycle in a wide range. This renders the typical buck circuit control inappropriate. In order to help resolve the above issues, this paper designs inductor/capacitor/capacitor (LCC) compensation with new compensation parameters, which can achieve an adjustable quasi-constant voltage from the input of the inverter to the output of the rectifier. In addition, the two-port network method is used to analyze the resonant compensation circuit. The analysis shows that LCC compensation is more suitable for the WPT system using the supercapacitor as the energy storage device. In the case of LCC compensation topology combined with the charging characteristics of the supercapacitor, an efficient charging strategy is designed, namely first constant current charging, followed by constant power charging. Based on the analysis of LCC compensation, the system has an optimal load, by which the system works at the maximum efficiency point. Combined with the characteristics of the constant voltage output, the system can maintain high efficiency in the constant power stage by making constant output power the same as the optimal power point. Finally, the above design is verified through experiments.
Energy Management Strategy Based on Multiple Operating States for a Photovoltaic/Fuel Cell/Energy Storage DC Microgrid
Authors: Han Ying , Chen Weirong , Li Qi
Published: January 2017

It is a great challenge for DC microgrids with stochastic renewable sources and volatility loads to achieve better operation performance. This study proposes an energy management strategy based on multiple operating states for a DC microgrid, which is comprised of a photovoltaic (PV) array, a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system, and a battery bank. This proposed strategy can share the power properly and keep the bus voltage steady under different operating states (the state of charge (SOC) of the battery bank, loading conditions, and PV array output power). In addition, a microgrids test platform is established. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed energy management strategy, the strategy is implemented in a hardware system and experimentally tested under different operating states. The experimental results illustrate the good performance of the proposed control strategy for the DC microgrid under different scenarios of power generation and load demand.
Stochastic and Deterministic Unit Commitment Considering Uncertainty and Variability Reserves for High Renewable Integration
Authors: Marneris Ilias , Biskas Pandelis , Bakirtzis Anastasios
Published: January 2017

The uncertain and variable nature of renewable energy sources in modern power systems raises significant challenges in achieving the dual objective of reliable and economically efficient system operation. To address these challenges, advanced scheduling strategies have evolved during the past years, including the co-optimization of energy and reserves under deterministic or stochastic Unit Commitment (UC) modeling frameworks. This paper presents different deterministic and stochastic day-ahead UC formulations, with focus on the determination, allocation and deployment of reserves. An explicit distinction is proposed between the uncertainty and the variability reserve, capturing the twofold nature of renewable generation. The concept of multi-timing scheduling is proposed and applied in all UC policies, which allows for the optimal procurement of such reserves based on intra-hourly (real-time) intervals, when concurrently optimizing energy and commitments over hourly intervals. The day-ahead scheduling results are tested against different real-time dispatch regimes, with none or limited look-ahead capability, or with the use of the variability reserve, utilizing a modified version of the Greek power system. The results demonstrate the enhanced reliability achieved by applying the multi-timing scheduling concept and explicitly considering the variability reserve, and certain features regarding the allocation and deployment of reserves are discussed.
Particle Swarm Optimization for Outdoor Lighting Design
Authors: Castillo-Martinez Ana , Ramon Almagro Jose , Gutierrez-Escolar Alberto , Del Corte Antonio , Castillo-Sequera José , Gómez-Pulido José , Gutiérrez-Martínez José-María
Published: January 2017

Outdoor lighting is an essential service for modern life. However, the high influence of this type of facility on energy consumption makes it necessary to take extra care in the design phase. Therefore, this manuscript describes an algorithm to help light designers to get, in an easy way, the best configuration parameters and to improve energy efficiency, while ensuring a minimum level of overall uniformity. To make this possible, we used a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. These algorithms are well established, and are simple and effective to solve optimization problems. To take into account the most influential parameters on lighting and energy efficiency, 500 simulations were performed using DIALux software (4.10.0.2, DIAL, Ludenscheid, Germany). Next, the relation between these parameters was studied using to data mining software. Subsequently, we conducted two experiments for setting parameters that enabled the best configuration algorithm in order to improve efficiency in the proposed process optimization.
Erratum: Shibata, S., et al. Reduced-Capacity Inrush Current Suppressor Using a Matrix Converter in a Wind Power Generation System with Squirrel-Cage Induction Machines. Energies 2016, 9, 223
Authors: Shibata Sho , Yamada Hiroaki , Tanaka Toshihiko , Okamoto Masayuki
Published: January 2017

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Mammalian Skeletal Muscle Fibres Promote Non-Muscle Stem Cells and Non-Stem Cells to Adopt Myogenic Characteristics
Authors: Morash Taryn , Collins-Hooper Henry , Mitchell Robert , Patel Ketan
Published: January 2017

Skeletal muscle fibres are unique cells in large animals, often composed of thousands of post-mitotic nuclei. Following skeletal muscle damage, resident stem cells, called satellite cells, commit to myogenic differentiation and migrate to carry out repair. Satellite stem cells migrate on muscle fibres through amoeboid movement, which relies on dynamic cell membrane extension and retraction (blebbing). It is not known whether blebbing is due to the intrinsic properties of satellite cells, or induced by features of the myofibre surface. Here, we determined the influence of the muscle fibre matrix on two important features of muscle regeneration: the ability to migrate and to differentiate down a myogenic lineage. We show that the muscle fibre is able to induce amoeboid movement in non-muscle stem cells and non-stem cells. Secondly, we show that prolonged co-culture on myofibres caused amniotic fluid stem cells and breast cancer cells to express MyoD, a key myogenic determinant. Finally, we show that amniotic fluid stem cells co-cultured on myofibres are able to fuse and make myotubes that express Myosin Heavy Chain.
Tissue Non-Specific Genes and Pathways Associated with Diabetes: An Expression Meta-Analysis
Authors: Mei Hao , Li Lianna , Liu Shijian , Jiang Fan , Griswold Michael , Mosley Thomas
Published: January 2017

We performed expression studies to identify tissue non-specific genes and pathways of diabetes by meta-analysis. We searched curated datasets of the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and identified 13 and five expression studies of diabetes and insulin responses at various tissues, respectively. We tested differential gene expression by empirical Bayes-based linear method and investigated gene set expression association by knowledge-based enrichment analysis. Meta-analysis by different methods was applied to identify tissue non-specific genes and gene sets. We also proposed pathway mapping analysis to infer functions of the identified gene sets, and correlation and independent analysis to evaluate expression association profile of genes and gene sets between studies and tissues. Our analysis showed that PGRMC1 and HADH genes were significant over diabetes studies, while IRS1 and MPST genes were significant over insulin response studies, and joint analysis showed that HADH and MPST genes were significant over all combined data sets. The pathway analysis identified six significant gene sets over all studies. The KEGG pathway mapping indicated that the significant gene sets are related to diabetes pathogenesis. The results also presented that 12.8% and 59.0% pairwise studies had significantly correlated expression association for genes and gene sets, respectively; moreover, 12.8% pairwise studies had independent expression association for genes, but no studies were observed significantly different for expression association of gene sets. Our analysis indicated that there are both tissue specific and non-specific genes and pathways associated with diabetes pathogenesis. Compared to the gene expression, pathway association tends to be tissue non-specific, and a common pathway influencing diabetes development is activated through different genes at different tissues.
Essential Oil of Japanese Cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) Wood Increases Salivary Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate Levels after Monotonous Work
Authors: Matsubara Eri , Tsunetsugu Yuko , Ohira Tatsuro , Sugiyama Masaki
Published: January 2017

Employee problems arising from mental illnesses have steadily increased and become a serious social problem in recent years. Wood is a widely available plant material, and knowledge of the psychophysiological effects of inhalation of woody volatile compounds has grown considerably. In this study, we established an experimental method to evaluate the effects of Japanese cedar wood essential oil on subjects performing monotonous work. Two experiment conditions, one with and another without diffusion of the essential oil were prepared. Salivary stress markers were determined during and after a calculation task followed by distribution of questionnaires to achieve subjective odor assessment. We found that inhalation of air containing the volatile compounds of Japanese cedar wood essential oil increased the secretion of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-s). Slight differences in the subjective assessment of the odor of the experiment rooms were observed. The results of the present study indicate that the volatile compounds of Japanese cedar wood essential oil affect the endocrine regulatory mechanism to facilitate stress responses. Thus, we suggest that this essential oil can improve employees’ mental health.
A Double-Smoothing Algorithm for Integrating Satellite Precipitation Products in Areas with Sparsely Distributed In Situ Networks
Authors: Bi Shuoben , Bi Shengjie , Chen Dongqi , Pan Jian , Wang Jun
Published: January 2017

The spatial distribution of automatic weather stations in regions of western China (e.g., Tibet and southern Xingjiang) is relatively sparse. Due to the considerable spatial variability of precipitation, estimations of rainfall that are interpolated in these areas exhibit considerable uncertainty based on the current observational networks. In this paper, a new statistical method for estimating precipitation is introduced that integrates satellite products and in situ observation data. This method calculates the differences between raster data and point data based on the theory of data assimilation. In regions in which the spatial distribution of automatic weather stations is sparse, a nonparametric kernel-smoothing method is adopted to process the discontinuous data through correction and spatial interpolation. A comparative analysis of the fusion method based on the double-smoothing algorithm proposed here indicated that the method performed better than those used in previous studies based on the average deviation, root mean square error, and correlation coefficient values. Our results indicate that the proposed method is more rational and effective in terms of both the efficiency coefficient and the spatial distribution of the deviations.
A Novel Divisive Hierarchical Clustering Algorithm for Geospatial Analysis
Authors: Li Shaoning , Li Wenjing , Qiu Jia
Published: January 2017

In the fields of geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing (RS), the clustering algorithm has been widely used for image segmentation, pattern recognition, and cartographic generalization. Although clustering analysis plays a key role in geospatial modelling, traditional clustering methods are limited due to computational complexity, noise resistant ability and robustness. Furthermore, traditional methods are more focused on the adjacent spatial context, which makes it hard for the clustering methods to be applied to multi-density discrete objects. In this paper, a new method, cell-dividing hierarchical clustering (CDHC), is proposed based on convex hull retraction. The main steps are as follows. First, a convex hull structure is constructed to describe the global spatial context of geospatial objects. Then, the retracting structure of each borderline is established in sequence by setting the initial parameter. The objects are split into two clusters (i.e., “sub-clusters”) if the retracting structure intersects with the borderlines. Finally, clusters are repeatedly split and the initial parameter is updated until the terminate condition is satisfied. The experimental results show that CDHC separates the multi-density objects from noise sufficiently and also reduces complexity compared to the traditional agglomerative hierarchical clustering algorithm.
Detection of Electronic Anklet Wearers’ Groupings throughout Telematics Monitoring
Authors: Lima Machado Paulo , De Sousa Rafael , De Oliveira Albuquerque Robson , García Villalba Luis , Kim Tai-Hoon
Published: January 2017

Ankle bracelets (anklets) imposed by law to track convicted individuals are being used in many countries as an alternative to overloaded prisons. There are many different systems for monitoring individuals wearing such devices, and these electronic anklet monitoring systems commonly detect violations of circulation areas permitted to holders. In spite of being able to monitor individual localization, such systems do not identify grouping activities of the monitored individuals, although this kind of event could represent a real risk of further offenses planned by those individuals. In order to address such a problem and to help monitoring systems to be able to have a proactive approach, this paper proposes sensor data fusion algorithms that are able to identify such groups based on data provided by anklet positioning devices. The results from the proposed algorithms can be applied to support risk assessment in the context of monitoring systems. The processing is performed using geographic points collected by a monitoring center, and as result, it produces a history of groups with their members, timestamps, locations and frequency of meetings. The proposed algorithms are validated in various serial and parallel computing scenarios, and the correspondent results are presented and discussed. The information produced by the proposed algorithms yields to a better characterization of the monitored individuals and can be adapted to support decision-making systems used by authorities that are responsible for planning decisions regarding actions affecting public security.
Methylglyoxal-Mediated Stress Correlates with High Metabolic Activity and Promotes Tumor Growth in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Chiavarina Barbara , Nokin Marie-Julie , Bellier Justine , Durieux Florence , Bletard Noëlla , Sherer Félicie , Lovinfosse Pierre , Peulen Olivier , Verset Laurine , Dehon Romain , Demetter Pieter , Turtoi Andrei , Uchida Koji , Goldman Serge , Hustinx Roland , Delvenne Philippe , Castronovo Vincent , Bellahcène Akeila
Published: January 2017

Cancer cells generally rely on aerobic glycolysis as a major source of energy. Methylglyoxal (MG), a dicarbonyl compound that is produced as a side product during glycolysis, is highly reactive and induces the formation of advanced glycation end-products that are implicated in several pathologies including cancer. All mammalian cells have an enzymatic defense against MG composed by glyoxalases GLO1 and GLO2 that converts MG to d-lactate. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequently occurring cancers with high morbidity and mortality. In this study, we used immunohistochemistry to examine the level of MG protein adducts, in a series of 102 CRC human tumors divided into four clinical stages. We consistently detected a high level of MG adducts and low GLO1 activity in high stage tumors compared to low stage ones suggesting a pro-tumor role for dicarbonyl stress. Accordingly, GLO1 depletion in CRC cells promoted tumor growth in vivo that was efficiently reversed using carnosine, a potent MG scavenger. Our study represents the first demonstration that MG adducts accumulation is a consistent feature of high stage CRC tumors. Our data point to MG production and detoxification levels as an important molecular link between exacerbated glycolytic activity and CRC progression.
A Holistic Approach to Managing Microalgae for Biofuel Applications
Authors: Show Pau , Tang Malcolm , Nagarajan Dillirani , Ling Tau , Ooi Chien-Wei , Chang Jo-Shu
Published: January 2017

Microalgae contribute up to 60% of the oxygen content in the Earth’s atmosphere by absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen during photosynthesis. Microalgae are abundantly available in the natural environment, thanks to their ability to survive and grow rapidly under harsh and inhospitable conditions. Microalgal cultivation is environmentally friendly because the microalgal biomass can be utilized for the productions of biofuels, food and feed supplements, pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and cosmetics. The cultivation of microalgal also can complement approaches like carbon dioxide sequestration and bioremediation of wastewaters, thereby addressing the serious environmental concerns. This review focuses on the factors affecting microalgal cultures, techniques adapted to obtain high-density microalgal cultures in photobioreactors, and the conversion of microalgal biomass into biofuels. The applications of microalgae in carbon dioxide sequestration and phycoremediation of wastewater are also discussed.
In Vitro Biotransformation of Two Human CYP3A Probe Substrates and Their Inhibition during Early Zebrafish Development
Authors: Verbueken Evy , Alsop Derek , Saad Moayad , Pype Casper , Van Peer Els , Casteleyn Christophe , Van Ginneken Chris , Wilson Joanna , Van Cruchten Steven
Published: January 2017

At present, the zebrafish embryo is increasingly used as an alternative animal model to screen for developmental toxicity after exposure to xenobiotics. Since zebrafish embryos depend on their own drug-metabolizing capacity, knowledge of their intrinsic biotransformation is pivotal in order to correctly interpret the outcome of teratogenicity assays. Therefore, the aim of this in vitro study was to assess the activity of cytochrome P450 (CYP)—a group of drug-metabolizing enzymes—in microsomes from whole zebrafish embryos (ZEM) of 5, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h post-fertilization (hpf) by means of a mammalian CYP substrate, i.e., benzyloxy-methyl-resorufin (BOMR). The same CYP activity assays were performed in adult zebrafish liver microsomes (ZLM) to serve as a reference for the embryos. In addition, activity assays with the human CYP3A4-specific Luciferin isopropyl acetal (Luciferin-IPA) as well as inhibition studies with ketoconazole and CYP3cide were carried out to identify CYP activity in ZLM. In the present study, biotransformation of BOMR was detected at 72 and 96 hpf; however, metabolite formation was low compared with ZLM. Furthermore, Luciferin-IPA was not metabolized by the zebrafish. In conclusion, the capacity of intrinsic biotransformation in zebrafish embryos appears to be lacking during a major part of organogenesis.