bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Internal tides recorded at ocean bottom off the coast of Southeast Taiwan
Authors: Chang Emmy T. Y. , Chao Benjamin F. , Chen Guan‐Yu , Liau Jian‐Ming
Published: May 2016

An ocean‐bottom experiment consisting of an array of four ocean‐bottom seismometers (OBS) was conducted off the coast of southeast Taiwan during May–July 2011. We develop comprehensive analyses of the space‐time kinematics of the tidal signals recorded in the compact high‐sensitivity temperature loggers (CHTL) and the OBS geophones at the ocean bottom with depths ranging from 1254 to 1610 m. The evidence suggests that internal tides are responsible for the recorded signals: baroclinic internal waves (mainly the M2 tide) are generated by barotropic tidal currents in the Luzon Strait. The internal tides exhibit gradual phase changing and irregularly fluctuating strength, leaving signatures in the CHTL as ambient temperature variations, signifying low‐mode wave motions within the stratified water layers; and in OBS geophones as intermittent “tremor” agitations, signifying high‐mode turbulent flows on the seafloor. The M2 internal tides across our array are found to propagate in the northeast direction at speeds ranging from 1 to 2+ m s−1. Furthermore, the internal tides are identified at the ocean‐bottom based on an operational hydrodynamic hindcast/forecast model. The simulations show good agreement with the observed temperature variation on the seafloor and substantiate the vertical velocity and displacement of the water parcel driven by the internal tides. The joint detection of the temperature and tremor signals provides further information about the interactions of internal tides with the seafloor topography and the associated energy dissipation. Our results elucidate the space‐time ubiquity of the internal tides at the ocean bottom, which is an important interface of dynamic oceanography.
Atmospheric drivers of Greenland surface melt revealed by self‐organizing maps
Authors: Mioduszewski J. R. , Rennermalm A. K. , Hammann A. , Tedesco M. , Noble E. U. , Stroeve J. C. , Mote T. L.
Published: May 2016

Recent acceleration in surface melt on the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) has occurred concurrently with a rapidly warming Arctic and has been connected to persistent, anomalous atmospheric circulation patterns over Greenland. To identify synoptic setups favoring enhanced GrIS surface melt and their decadal changes, we develop a summer Arctic synoptic climatology by employing self‐organizing maps. These are applied to daily 500 hPa geopotential height fields obtained from the Modern Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications reanalysis, 1979–2014. Particular circulation regimes are related to meteorological conditions and GrIS surface melt estimated with outputs from the Modèle Atmosphérique Régional. Our results demonstrate that the largest positive melt anomalies occur in concert with positive height anomalies near Greenland associated with wind, temperature, and humidity patterns indicative of strong meridional transport of heat and moisture. We find an increased frequency in a 500 hPa ridge over Greenland coinciding with a 63% increase in GrIS melt between the 1979–1988 and 2005–2014 periods, with 75.0% of surface melt changes attributed to thermodynamics, 17% to dynamics, and 8.0% to a combination. We also confirm that the 2007–2012 time period has the largest dynamic forcing relative of any period but also demonstrate that increased surface energy fluxes, temperature, and moisture separate from dynamic changes contributed more to melt even during this period. This implies that GrIS surface melt is likely to continue to increase in response to an ever warmer future Arctic, regardless of future atmospheric circulation patterns.
Simulation of the urban climate in a Chinese megacity with spatially heterogeneous anthropogenic heat data
Authors: Chen Feng , Yang Xuchao , Wu Juanjia
Published: May 2016

Anthropogenic heat release (AHR) by human activities in cities is a key contributing factor to the generation of the urban heat island (UHI) effect; thus, AHR should be incorporated into urban climate and environmental modeling. In this study, gridded AHR data with high spatial resolution (1 km) were included in the integrated weather research and forecasting (WRF)/urban modeling system to investigate the urban environment of Hangzhou City, which is the capital of Zhejiang Province in east China. The AHR data were estimated for this province based on the significant correlation between energy consumption statistics data and multisensor remote‐sensing data (namely, nighttime light imagery and a vegetation index). The coupled model was evaluated against available observational data derived from a dense automatic weather station network in Hangzhou. The effects of AHR and urban land use on the urban environment were investigated with three sensitivity numerical experiments. Results showed that the mean UHI intensity reached 0.95°C and 1.66°C in winter and in summer, respectively, and that AHR contributed 65.26% and 17.47% to UHI intensity in the two seasons. In winter, AHR significantly impacted the diurnal variation in UHI, and the two UHI intensity peaks ascribed to AHR were detected during rush hours. The impact of AHR on planetary boundary layer (PBL) height was similar to its contribution to UHI effect, with a large contribution in winter. Moreover, UHI enhanced atmospheric vertical motions, which led to precipitation changes, especially during summer. A convective and deep PBL was detected and triggered convective precipitation over or downwind of Hangzhou City during summer. Given the anticipated increase in global urban populations, characterizing the spatial‐temporal variations of AHR and its impacts is essential toward continued progress in urban climate assessment.
Comprehensive multiyear carbon budget of a temperate headwater stream
Authors: Argerich Alba , Haggerty Roy , Johnson Sherri L. , Wondzell Steven M. , Dosch Nicholas , Corson‐Rikert Hayley , Ashkenas Linda R. , Pennington Robert , Thomas Christoph K.
Published: May 2016

Headwater streams comprise nearly 90% of the total length of perennial channels in global catchments. They mineralize organic carbon entering from terrestrial systems, evade terrestrial carbon dioxide (CO2), and generate and remove carbon through in‐stream primary production and respiration. Despite their importance, headwater streams are often neglected in global carbon budgets primarily because of a lack of available data. We measured these processes, in detail, over a 10 year period in a stream draining a 96 ha forested watershed in western Oregon, USA. This stream, which represents only 0.4% of the watershed area, exported 159 kg C ha−1 yr−1, similar to the global exports for large rivers. Stream export was dominated by downstream transport of dissolved inorganic carbon (63 kg C ha−1 yr−1) and by evasion of CO2 to the atmosphere (42 kg C ha−1 yr−1), leaving the remainder of 51 kg C ha−1 yr−1 for downstream transport of organic carbon (17 kg C ha−1 yr−1 and 34 kg C ha−1 yr−1 in dissolved and particulate form, respectively).
Effects of cumulus parameterization closures on simulations of summer precipitation over the United States coastal oceans
Authors: Qiao Fengxue , Liang Xin‐Zhong
Published: May 2016

This study evaluates the effects of major cumulus parameterization closures on summer precipitation simulations over the U.S. Atlantic Coasts and Gulf of Mexico. A series of mesoscale regional climate model simulations using an Ensemble Cumulus Parameterization (ECP) that incorporates multiple alternate closure schemes into a single cloud model formulation are conducted and compared to determine the systematic errors and relative performances of individual and combined closures in capturing precipitation spatiotemporal variations. The results show that closure algorithms largely affect precipitation's geographic distribution, frequency and intensity, and diurnal cycle. The quasi‐equilibrium and total instability adjustment closures simulate widespread wet biases, while the instability tendency closure produces systematic dry biases. Two closure algorithms based on the average vertical velocity at the cloud base and column moisture convergence complementarily reproduce the observed precipitation pattern and amount, and capture the frequency of heavy rainfall events better than other closures. In contrast, the instability tendency closures are better at capturing the diurnal phase but yield much larger deficits in amount. Therefore, cloud base vertical velocity and moisture convergence may be the primary factors controlling precipitation seasonal mean and daily variation, while the instability tendency may play a critical role in regulating the diurnal cycle phase.
On the formation of Ganymede's surface brightness asymmetries: Kinetic simulations of Ganymede's magnetosphere
Authors: Fatemi S. , Poppe A. R. , Khurana K. K. , Holmström M. , Delory G. T.
Published: May 2016

Ganymede possesses strong surface brightness asymmetries both between its polar cap and equatorial regions and between its leading and trailing hemispheres. Here we test the hypothesis that these asymmetries are due to differential Jovian plasma and energetic particle precipitation to the surface with the combination of a hybrid plasma model (kinetic ions and fluid electrons) and a particle tracing model. We describe the hybrid model, the first of its kind applied to Ganymede, and compare the results to both Galileo observations and previous MHD and MHD‐EPIC models of Ganymede. We calculate spatially resolved precipitating Jovian ion fluxes to the surface of Ganymede for energies 1 < E < 104 keV and find (1) precipitating fluxes peak near 100 keV and (2) excellent correlation between the precipitating flux and Ganymede's surface brightness variations. Thus, we conclude that precipitating energetic particle fluxes are the primary driver for altering the surface brightness of Ganymede.
Drivers of δ2H variations in an idealized extratropical cyclone
Authors: Dütsch Marina , Pfahl Stephan , Wernli Heini
Published: May 2016

Numerical model simulations of stable water isotopes help to improve our understanding of the complex processes driving isotopic variability in atmospheric moisture. We use the isotope‐enabled Consortium for Small‐Scale Modelling (COSMO) model to study the governing mechanisms of δ2H variations in an idealized extratropical cyclone. A set of experiments with differing initial conditions of δ2H in vapor and partly deactivated isotopic fractionation allows us to quantify the relative roles of cloud fractionation and vertical and horizontal advection for the simulated δ2H signals associated with the cyclone and fronts. Horizontal transport determines the large‐scale pattern of δ2H in both vapor and precipitation, while fractionation and vertical transport are more important on a smaller scale, near the fronts. During the passage of the cold front fractionation leads to a V‐shaped trend of δ2H in precipitation and vapor, which is, for vapor, superimposed on a gradual decrease caused by the arrival of colder air masses.
Ocean chemistry, ocean warming, and emerging hypoxia: Commentary
Authors: Brewer Peter G. , Peltzer Edward T.
Published: May 2016

For 50 years, ocean scientists have represented deep sea biogeochemical rates as a temperature independent function of depth with form R = R0e−αz where z is depth in km. We show this resembles, but is not an identity for, a form of the classical Arrhenius equation K = Ae−Ea/RT where T is temperature in Kelvins, R is the gas constant (8.314 JK−1mol−1), and A is a preexponential factor. For a deep Sargasso Sea data set, we find oxygen consumption rates are accurately represented by an Arrhenius process with apparent activation energy of 86.5 kJ mol−1, and Q10 = 3.63.
Remote sensing of nearshore wave interference
Authors: Smit P. B. , Bland R. , Janssen T. T. , Laughlin B.
Published: May 2016

Wave focusing of energetic swell fields can result in small‐scale variations associated with coherent interference that can be important for nearshore circulation and beach dynamics. However, coherent interference is difficult to measure with conventional in situ instruments and is not accounted for in operational wave models. As a result, such effects are generally ignored. In this work, we analyze X‐band radar observations collected at Ocean Beach, San Francisco using a Wigner‐Ville or coupled‐mode spectrum, to show how long‐dwell remote sensing technology allows us to identify coherent wave interference. Our analysis demonstrates that during energetic swell events, the nearshore wave field consists of two noncollinear, but coherent, swell patterns that originate from the same offshore source but are directionally separated due to refraction over the San Francisco Bar. The length scale of the associated alongshore wave height variability (200 m) is consistent with the wavenumber separation obtained from the coupled mode analysis. This confirms that the small‐scale variability is primarily due to coherent interference. In addition, our analysis shows that the shoreline exhibits a strong localized response near the radar site on the 200 m scale, which suggests that coherent interference effects can affect wave‐driven nearshore transport processes and localized erosion.
Thermal perturbation, mineral assemblages, and rheology variations induced by dyke emplacement in the crust
Authors: Lavecchia Alessio , Clark Stuart R. , Beekman Fred , Cloetingh Sierd A. P. L. , Burov Evgueni
Published: May 2016

We constructed a thermomechanical model to examine the changes in rheology caused by the periodic intrusion of basaltic dykes in a two‐layered continental crust. Dyke intrusion can locally change the mineralogical composition of the crust in space and time as a result of temperature‐induced metamorphism. In our models we paid particular attention to determine how different mineral assemblages and reaction kinetics during metamorphism impact on the thermomechanical behavior of the crust, in terms of differential stress values. We investigated several lithologies characteristic for intracontinental crust: (1) a quartz‐feldspathic crust (QF), (2) a crust with a mineralogical assemblage resembling the average chemical composition occurring in literature (CC), and (3) a micaschist crust (MS). Our model shows that temperature profiles are weakly influenced by metamorphism, with negligible variations in the T‐t paths. The results indicate that intrusion‐induced changes in the crustal rheology are strongly dependent on mineralogical assemblage variation. The strength of a dyke aureole in the upper crust increases during dyke emplacement, which may cause migration of later dykes and influence the dyke spacing. In contrast, in the lower crust the strength of a dyke aureole decreases during dyke emplacement. Fast kinetics results in a ductile lower crust in proximity of the dykes, whereas slower kinetics leads to the formation of partial melts and subsequent switch from ductile to brittle behavior. Lithology exerts a dominant role on the quantity of melt produced, with higher volume percentages occurring in the MS case study. Produced melts may migrate and support acidic volcanic activity.
Dye adsorption on zinc oxide nanoparticulates atomic‐layer‐deposited on polytetrafluoroethylene membranes
Authors: Xiong Sen , Kong Liang , Zhong Zhaoxiang , Wang Yong
Published: May 2016

In this work, zinc oxide (ZnO) is deposited onto porous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membranes via atomic layer deposition (ALD) and thus produced ZnO‐deposited PTFE membranes are used as adsorbents for the removal of dyes from aqueous solutions. We first examine the evolution of morphology, wettability, and crystallization of PTFE membranes with ZnO ALD. The presence of ZnO nanoparticulates significantly promotes the diffusion and contact of the aqueous solutions within the membrane on one hand, and endows the membrane a strong capability to adsorb dyes from the solutions on the other. Kinetic studies reveal that the adsorption of rhodamine B and acid orange 7 by the ZnO‐deposited PTFE membranes can be described by the pseudo‐second‐order and pseudo‐first‐order model, respectively, and the adsorption of both dyes follows the Langmuir isotherm. The used membranes can be easily regenerated by rinsing with ethanol and reused for multiple times without loss of removal efficiency. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 3982–3991, 2016
Palladium‐Catalyzed Cascade Reactions of α‐Halo‐N‐Tosylhydrazones, Indoles, and Aryl Iodides
Authors: Wu Guojiao , Deng Yifan , Luo Haiqing , Li Tianjiao , Zhang Yan , Wang Jianbo
Published: May 2016

α‐Halo‐N‐tosylhydrazones are explored as reagents for the multiple carbon–carbon bond formations in palladium‐catalyzed three‐component reactions. A strategy has been designed for this transformation by using a nucleophile to react with the azoalkene intermediate formed in situ from the α‐halo‐N‐tosylhydrazone to generate the diazo intermediate, which is further subjected to palladium‐catalyzed C−C bond forming reactions with aryl iodides.
Prognostication of long‐term outcomes after subarachnoid hemorrhage: The FRESH score
Authors: Witsch Jens , Frey Hans‐Peter , Patel Sweta , Park Soojin , Lahiri Shouri , Schmidt J. Michael , Agarwal Sachin , Falo Maria Cristina , Velazquez Angela , Jaja Blessing , Macdonald R. Loch , Connolly E. Sander , Claassen Jan
Published: May 2016

Objective

To create a multidimensional tool to prognosticate long‐term functional, cognitive, and quality of life outcomes after spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) using data up to 48 hours after admission.

Methods

Data were prospectively collected for 1,619 consecutive patients enrolled in the SAH outcome project July 1996 to March 2014. Linear models (LMs) were applied to identify factors associated with outcome in 1,526 patients with complete data. Twelve‐month functional, cognitive, and quality of life outcomes were measured using the modified Rankin scale (mRS), Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status, and Sickness Impact Profile. Based on the LM residuals, we constructed the FRESH score (Functional Recovery Expected after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage). Score performance, discrimination, and internal validity were tested using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), Nagelkerke and Cox/Snell R2, and bootstrapping. For external validation, we used a control population of SAH patients from the CONSCIOUS‐1 study (n = 413).

Results

The FRESH score was composed of Hunt & Hess and APACHE‐II physiologic scores on admission, age, and aneurysmal rebleed within 48 hours. Separate scores to prognosticate 1‐year cognition (FRESH‐cog) and quality of life (FRESH‐quol) were developed controlling for education and premorbid disability. Poor functional outcome (mRS = 4–6) for score levels 1 through 9 respectively was present in 3, 6, 12, 38, 61, 83, 92, 98, and 100% at 1‐year follow‐up. Performance of FRESH (AUC = 0.90), FRESH‐cog (AUC = 0.80), and FRESH‐quol (AUC = 0.78) was high. External validation of our cohort using mRS as endpoint showed satisfactory results (AUC = 0.77). To allow for convenient score calculation, we built a smartphone app available for free download.

Interpretation

FRESH is the first clinical tool to prognosticate long‐term outcome after spontaneous SAH in a multidimensional manner. Ann Neurol 2016;80:46–58
Preparation and characterization of hyperbranched polymer modified montmorillonite/chlorinated butyl rubber damping composites
Authors: Fuhai Cao , Jincheng Wang
Published: May 2016

In this work, Na+‐montmorillonite (MMT) was modified by hyperbranched polymer (HBP) and grafted with hindered phenol to improve the damping and other properties of the chlorinated butyl rubber (CIIR) composites. The hyperbranched polymer‐modified montmorillonite (HBP‐OMMT) was prepared by organic montmorillonite (OMMT) that was obtained from the cation exchange reaction between MMT and silane quaternary ammonium salt. The main characterization methods were Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometer, and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. The basal spacings of MMT, OMMT, and HBP‐OMMT were 1.47, 2.94, and 4.09 nm, respectively. The onset and center temperatures of decomposition (T−5% and Tmax) of HBP‐OMMT were improved from 301 and 369 °C to 332 and 398 °C, respectively. The CIIR damping composites were prepared by mechanical blending of HBP‐OMMT with pure CIIR. The tensile strength and elongation at break of the composites were improved from 5.4 MPa and 890% to 7.6 MPa and 1066%. From TG curves, T−5% and Tmax were increased from 297.4 and 406.0 °C to 323.3 and 410.5 °C, respectively. The dynamic mechanical analysis results showed that tan δ rose from the original 1.20 to 1.44 with the addition of HBP‐OMMT. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43645.
Thin film composite forward osmosis membranes with poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) grafted nano‐TiO2 as additive in substrate
Authors: Kuang Wu , Liu Zhongnan , Kang Guodong , Liu Dandan , Zhou Meiqing , Cao Yiming
Published: May 2016

The poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) grafted titanium dioxide nanoparticles were synthesized and added to the substrate of flat‐sheet thin film composite forward osmosis (TFC‐FO) membranes. The hydrophilicity of substrate was improved, which was advantageous to enhance the water flux of TFC‐FO membranes. The membranes containing a 3 wt % TiO2‐PHEMA in the substrate exhibited a finger‐like structure combined with sponge‐like structure, while those with lower or without TiO2‐PHEMA content showed fully finger‐like structures. As for FO performance, the TFC‐FO membranes with 3 wt % TiO2‐PHEMA content achieved the highest water flux of 42.8 LMH and 24.2 LMH against the DI water using 2M NaCl as the draw solution tested under the active layer against draw solution (AL‐DS) mode and active layer against feed solution (AL‐FS) mode, respectively. It was proven that the hydrophilic property of membrane substrates was a strong factor influencing the water flux in FO tests. Furthermore, the structural parameter was remarkably decreased with an increase of TiO2‐PHEMA content in membrane substrate, indicating the reducing of internal concentration polarization. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43719.
Morphology evolution of a thermotropic liquid‐crystalline polymer in a polyamide 6,6 matrix regulated by graphene
Authors: Wang Mingming , Xin Yuanshi , Su Chao , Xue Feng , Xu Fanglin , Li Tongsheng
Published: May 2016

A two‐step process, thermotropic liquid‐crystalline polymer (TLCP) premixing with reduced graphene oxide (RGO) followed by blending with polyamide 6,6 (PA66), was used to prepare ternary TLCP/RGO/PA66 blends. The rheological behaviors, morphology, and mechanical properties of the blends were investigated. The results show that RGO migrated from the TLCP phase to the interface between the TLCP and PA66 phase during melt blending; this was due to a similar affinity of the RGO nanosheets to both component polymers. The dimensions of the dispersive TLCP domains were markedly reduced with the mounting RGO content; this revealed a good compatibilization effect of RGO on the immiscible polymers. The hierarchical structures of the TLCP fibrils were found in both the unfilled TLCP/PA66 blends and TLCP/RGO/PA66 blends. This supposedly resulted from the extensional and torsional action of unstable capillary flow. With the addition of RGO, the viscosities of the blends decreased further, and the fibrillation of TLCP and the mechanical performance of TLCP composites were both enhanced. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43735.
Damage analysis of composites reinforced with Alfa fibers: Viscoelastic behavior and debonding at the fiber/matrix interface
Authors: Khaldi Mokhtar , Vivet Alexandre , Bourmaud Alain , Sereir Zouaoui , Kada Belkacem
Published: May 2016

In this article, we first review state‐of‐the‐art experimental techniques and measurements to characterize the mechanical properties of anisotropic vegetal alfa fibers, epoxy‐resin, and the behavior of the interphase between the matrix and alfa fibers. Second, we conduct experimental tests to determine the mechanical properties of fibers, resin, and the interphase. Third, we carry out a series of finite element simulations to predict damage initiation and to estimate crack propagation in alfa‐fiber/epoxy‐resin (AFER) composites. Different tests to determine the longitudinal Young's modulus of alfa fibers and epoxy resin as well as nanoindentation tests to obtain the transverse stiffness of the fibers are presented. Experimental results from the characterization are introduced in a micromechanical model to estimate, using the concept of the energy release rate (ERR), the matrix crack, and its interaction with interfacial debonding. The wettability problems in the preparation of vegetable composites and their effect on fiber‐matrix interfacial debonding are also addressed. The analysis of the damage behavior of AFER composites demonstrates that under load transverse to the fiber axis, a crack initiated in the matrix is propagated perpendicular to the direction of the load. Near the interface, the ERR decreases and this energy is higher in the presence of interfacial debonding areas generated by problems of fiber wettability. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43760.
Preparation and characterization of asymmetric polyethersulfone nanofiltration membranes: The effects of polyvinylpyrrolidone molecular weights and concentrations
Authors: Shao Wenyao , Wu Shenghua , Hong Zhuan , Wang Qiuquan , Xiong Ying , Yi Ruizao , Xie Quanling , Xiao Zongyuan
Published: May 2016

In this study, asymmetric flat‐sheet polyethersulfone (PES) nanofiltration (NF) membranes were prepared via immersion precipitation phase inversion with the addition of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The effects of PVP with the molecular weights (MW) from 17 to 1400 kDa and the concentration from 0 to 3.0 wt % on the morphologies and performances of PES membranes were systematically studied. The prepared membranes were characterized by SEM, AFM, ATR‐FTIR, contact angle, membrane porosity, the water flux, and the rejection measurement. The results indicated that the porosity and the hydrophilicity of PES NF membrane increased with increasing PVP concentration, and the hydrophilicity of PES NF membrane also improved with increasing PVP MW. The enhancements of the porosity and hydrophilicity resulted in the higher water flux of PES NF membrane. The rejection of Bordeaux S (MW 604.48 Da) for the prepared PES membrane was increased to above 90% with the low PVP concentration, but it turned to decrease remarkably when the PVP concentration reached to a critical value which related to PVP MW. It was concluded that the addition of a small amount of PVP could significantly increase the permeability of PES NF membrane and maintain its rejection of Bordeaux S above 90%. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43769.
Preparation of PVDF/poly(tetrafluoroethylene‐co‐vinyl alcohol) blend membranes with antifouling propensities via nonsolvent induced phase separation method
Authors: Sun Y. , Rajabzadeh S. , Ma W. , Zhou Z. , Kakihana Y. , Ohmukai Y. , Miki J. , Matsuyama H.
Published: May 2016

Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) was blended with a new amphiphilic copolymer, poly(tetrafluoroethylene‐co‐vinyl alcohol) [poly(TFE‐VA)], via non‐solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) method to make membranes with superior antifouling properties. The effects of the VA/TFE segment ratio of the copolymer and the copolymer/PVDF blend ratio on the properties of the prepared membranes were studied. Membranes with similar water permeabilities, surface pore sizes, and rejection properties were prepared and used in bovine serum albumin (BSA) filtrations with the same initial water flux and almost the same operating pressure, to evaluate the sole effect of membrane material on fouling propensity. While the VA/TFE segment ratio strongly affected the membrane antifouling properties, the effects of the copolymer/PVDF blending ratio were not so drastic. Membrane surface hydrophilicity increased, and BSA adsorption and fouling decreased upon blending a small amount of amphiphilic copolymer with a high VA/TFE segment ratio with PVDF (copolymer/PVDF blending ratio 1:5). © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43780.
Liquid chromatographic enantioseparation of three beta‐adrenolytics using new derivatizing reagents synthesized from (S)‐ketoprofen and confirmation of configuration of diastereomers
Authors: Alwera Shiv , Bhushan Ravi
Published: May 2016

Diastereomers of racemic β‐adrenolytic drugs [namely (RS)‐propranolol, (RS)‐metoprolol and (RS)‐atenolol] were synthesized under microwave irradiation with (S)‐ketoprofen based chiral derivatization reagents (CDRs) newly synthesized for this purpose. (S)‐Ketoprofen was chosen for its high molar absorptivity (εo ~ 40,000) and its availability as a pure (S)‐enantiomer. Its ‐COOH group was activated with N‐hydroxysuccinimide and N‐hydroxybenzotriazole; these were easily introduced and also acted as good leaving groups during nucleophilic substitution by the amino group of the racemic β‐adrenolytics. The CDRs were characterized by UV, IR, 1H‐NMR, HRMS and CHNS. Separation of diastereomers was achieved by RP HPLC and open column chromatography. Absolute configuration of the diastereomers was established with the help of 1HNMR supported by developing their optimized lowest energy structures using Gaussian 09 Rev. A.02 program and hybrid density functional B3LYP with 6‐31G* basis set (based on density functional theory), and elution order was established. RP HPLC conditions for separation were optimized and the separation method was validated. The limit of detection values were 0.308 and 0.302 ng mL−1. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous determination of ambroxol and salbutamol in human plasma by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and its application to a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Guo Zhening , Chen Yangsheng , Ding Xiaoliang , Huang Chenrong , Miao Liyan
Published: May 2016

A rapid, selective and sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry assay method was developed for simultaneous determination of ambroxol and salbutamol in human plasma using citalopram hydrobromide as internal standard (IS). The sample was alkalinized with ammonia water (33:67, v/v) and extracted by single liquid–liquid extraction with ethyl acetate. Separation was achieved on Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column using a gradient program at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. Detection was performed using electrospray ionization in positive ion multiple reaction monitoring mode by monitoring the ion transitions m/z 378.9 → 263.6 (ambroxol), m/z 240.2 → 147.7 (salbutamol) and m/z 325.0 → 261.7 (IS). The total analytical run time was relatively short (3 min). Calibration curves were linear in the concentration range of 0.5–100.0 ng/mL for ambroxol and 0.2–20.0 ng/mL for salbutamol, with intra‐ and inter‐run precision (relative standard deviation) <15% and accuracy (relative error) ranging from 97.7 to 112.1% for ambroxol and from 94.5 to 104.1% for salbutamol. The method was successfully applied in a clinical pharmacokinetic study of the compound ambroxol and salbutamol tablets.
Evaluation of receptor‐ligand mechanisms of dual‐targeted particles to an inflamed endothelium
Authors: Fromen Catherine A. , Fish Margaret B. , Zimmerman Anthony , Adili Reheman , Holinstat Michael , Eniola‐Adefeso Omolola
Published: May 2016

Vascular‐targeted carriers (VTCs) are designed as leukocyte mimics, decorated with ligands that target leukocyte adhesion molecules (LAMs) and facilitate adhesion to diseased endothelium. VTCs require different design considerations than other targeted particle therapies; adhesion of VTCs in regions with dynamic blood flow requires multiple ligand‐receptor (LR) pairs that provide particle adhesion and disease specificity. Despite the ultimate goal of leukocyte mimicry, the specificity of multiple LAM‐targeted VTCs remains poorly understood, especially in physiological environments. Here, we investigate particle binding to an inflamed mesentery via intravital microscopy using a series of particles with well‐controlled ligand properties. We find that the total number of sites of a single ligand can drive particle adhesion to the endothelium, however, combining ligands that target multiple LR pairs provides a more effective approach. Combining sites of sialyl Lewis A (sLeA) and anti‐intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (aICAM), two adhesive molecules, resulted in ∼3–7‐fold increase of adherent particles at the endothelium over single‐ligand particles. At a constant total ligand density, a particle with a ratio of 75% sLeA: 25% aICAM resulted in more than 3‐fold increase over all over other ligand ratios tested in our in vivo model. Combined with in vivo and in silico data, we find the best dual‐ligand design of a particle is heavily dependent on the surface expression of the endothelial cells, producing superior adhesion with more particle ligand for the lesser‐expressed receptor. These results establish the importance of considering LR‐kinetics in intelligent VTC ligand design for future therapeutics.
Hantzsch Ester as a Photosensitizer for the Visible‐Light‐Induced Debromination of Vicinal Dibromo Compounds
Authors: Chen Wenxin , Tao Huachen , Huang Wenhao , Wang Guoqiang , Li Shuhua , Cheng Xu , Li Guigen
Published: May 2016

The debromination of vicinal dibromo compounds to generate alkenes usually requires harsh reaction conditions and the addition of catalysts. Just recently the visible‐light‐induced debromination of vicinal dibromo compounds emerged as a possible alternative to commonly used methods, but the substrate scope of this reaction is limited and a photocatalyst is necessary for the successful conversion of the starting compounds. A catalyst‐free visible‐light‐induced debromination of vicinal dibromo compounds with a base‐activated Hantzsch ester as photosensitizer is reported. The method has a wide substrate scope and a broad functional‐group compatibility.
Diastereoselective Coupling of Chiral Acetonide Trisubstituted Radicals with Alkenes
Authors: Tao Daniel J. , Muuronen Mikko , Slutskyy Yuriy , Le Alexander , Furche Filipp , Overman Larry E.
Published: May 2016

The stereochemical outcome of reactions of chiral nucleophilic trisubstituted acetonide radicals with electron‐deficient alkenes is dictated by a delicate balance between destabilizing non‐bonding interactions and stabilizing hydrogen‐bonding between substituents on the α and β carbons.
ChemInform Abstract: CRYSTALLOGRAPHY OF DIRECTIONALLY SOLIDIFIED NICKELOUS OXIDE‐YTTRIUM OXIDE EUTECTIC
Authors: FRAGNEAU M. , REVCOLEVSCHI A. , MICHEL D.
Published: May 2016

Die kristallographischen Beziehungen zwischen den beiden Phasen des Eutektikums im System NiO‐ Y,O3 werden röntgenographisch und rasterelektronenmikroskopisch untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: ON THE NATURE OF SURFACE FILMS FORMED ON IRON IN AGGRESSIVE AND INHIBITING POLYPHOSPHATE SOLUTIONS
Authors: KOUDELKA M. , SANCHEZ J. , AUGUSTYNSKI J.
Published: May 2016

Das Korrosionsverhalten von reinem Fe in verdünnten (inhibierenden) und mäßig konz. (aggressiven) Polyphosphatlösungen wird im Lichte der Ergebnisse von Oberflächenanalysen durch Röntgen‐Photoelektronenspektroskopie erneut untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: MECHANISTIC INFORMATION FROM THE EFFECT OF PRESSURE ON THE FORMATION AND ACID‐CATALYZED AQUATION REACTIONS OF (CARBONATO)PENTAAMMINECOBALT(III), ‐RHODIUM(III), AND ‐IRIDIUM(III) IONS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION
Authors: SPITZER U. , VAN ELDIK R. , KELM H.
Published: May 2016

Die Bildungs‐ und Decarboxylierungskinetik der Komplexe (I) wird mit Hilfe einer Hochdruck‐stopped‐flow‐Apparatur als Funktion des Druckes bis 1000 bar untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF THE TUBE SILICATE LITIDIONITE AND STRUCTURAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN IT AND SOME OTHER SILICATES
Authors: HEFTER J. , KENNEY M. E.
Published: May 2016

Bei 2 guten Synthesen für das seltene Röhrensilicat Litidionit (I) werden Gemenge aus CuO, Na2CO3 , K2CO3 und S102 (2: 1:1 :8) ge‐ sintert (1..
ChemInform Abstract: SINGLE‐CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF ZRX3 (X = CL‐, BR‐, I‐) AND ZRI3.40 SYNTHESIZED IN LOW‐TEMPERATURE ALUMINUM HALIDE MELTS
Authors: LARSEN E. M. , WRAZEL J. S. , HOARD L. G.
Published: May 2016

Die durch Reduktion der Tetrahalogenide mit metallischem Zr oder A1 in A1‐halogenid‐Schmelzen bei Temp. bis 300°C dargestellten Trihalogenide sowie das teilweise oxidierte ZrI3,4" kristallisieren in der Raumgruppe P63 /mcm mit Z=2 und sind mit β‐TiC13 isomorph.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF TETRASULFUR TETRANITRIDE (CYCLOTETRA(AZATHIENE)) WITH SOME TIN(II) AND TIN(IV) COMPOUNDS
Authors: DAS M. K. , BIBBER J. W. , ZUCKERMAN J. J.
Published: May 2016

S4N4 reagiert mit überschüssigen Sn(IV)‐halogeniden und Sn(II)‐halogeniden in CCl4 zu den Bisaddukten (III) bzw. den neuen, bei 400°C nicht schmelzbaren Addukten (V) der einfachen binären SN‐Spezies.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF HETEROPOLYTUNGSTATES CONTAINING GROUP 3A ELEMENTS
Authors: ZONNEVIJLLE F. , TOURNE C. M. , TOURNE G. F.
Published: May 2016

Die Polywolframat‐Ionen (I) und (II) werden (in den meisten Fällen als K‐Salze) in wäßriger Lösung dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF IRON(III)‐ AND RHODIUM(III)‐CONTAINING HETEROPOLYTUNGSTATES. IDENTIFICATION OF NOVEL OXO‐BRIDGED IRON(III) DIMERS
Authors: ZONNEVIJLLE F. , TOURNE C. M. , TOURNE G. F.
Published: May 2016

Die Polywolframat‐Ionen (I) und (II) werden als Alkalimetall‐ (K, Rb, Cs), Guanidinium‐ oder Tetraalkylammonium‐Salze (insgesamt 40 Verbindungen) dargestellt und isoliert.
ChemInform Abstract: HEATS OF HYDROGENATION. III. EFFECT OF FLUORO SUBSTITUENTS ON THE THERMAL REARRANGEMENT OF CYCLOPROPANE SYSTEMS
Authors: ROTH W. R. , KIRMSE W. , HOFFMANN W. , LENNARTZ H.‐W.
Published: May 2016

Während der Gasphasenthermolyse bilden die Di‐ fluorcyclopropane (I) und (IV) in konkurrierender bzw. einheitlicher Reaktion mit Aktivierungsenergien von 37.9‐4l .5 bzw. 24.9 kcal/mol die Cyclopentene (II) und (III) bzw. das Dien (V).
ChemInform Abstract: UNSYMMETRICAL ANODIC COUPLING OF VERATROLE WITH VARIOUS ANISOLE DERIVATIVES. PRODUCTS AND MECHANISMS
Authors: RONLAN A. , AALSTAD B. , PARKER V. D.
Published: May 2016

Die Koelektrolyse von Veratrol (I) und den Anisolderivaten (IIa), (IIb) bzw. (IIc) führt über das Radikalkation von (I) und das asymmetrische Dimer unter weiterer Dimerisierung und Cyclisierung zu den Produkten (IIIa) und (IIIb) bzw. (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: INTRAMOLECULAR CYCLOADDITION OF CARBONYL YLIDES GENERATED FROM α‐DIAZO KETONES
Authors: GILLON A. , OVADIA D. , KAPON M. , BIEN S.
Published: May 2016

Das aus dem Diazoketon (III) unter der katalytischen Wirkung von Rh(IV) hervorgehende Ylid (IV) cyclisiert sich zu dem Oxatricyclononanon (V) (als Nebenprodukt fallt das Gemisch der Ketone (VI)/(VII) an).
ChemInform Abstract: EFFECT OF ELECTROPHILES ON NITROGEN ELIMINATION. 15. CONVERSION OF 5H‐DIBENZO(C,E)AZEPINES INTO PHENANTHRIDINES VIA CYCLIC N‐DIAZONIUM IONS
Authors: KREHER R. , BERGMANN U.
Published: May 2016

Die Nitrosierung von (I) ergibt über die Zwischenstufe eines N‐Diazoniumions die Ammoniumsalze (II).
ChemInform Abstract: 4‐(Dimethylaminmpyridinium Chlorochromate. A New Selective Reagent for the Oxidation of Allylic and Benzylic Alcohols.
Authors: GIZIEC F. S. JUN. , LUZZIO F. A.
Published: May 2016

4‐Dimethylamino‐pyridinium‐chlorchromat (I) kann zur Oxidation von Benzyl‐ und Allylalkoholen (II) zu Aldehyden (III) eingesetzt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: PALLADIUM‐CATALYZED CONJUGATE REDUCTION OF α,β‐UNSATURATED CARBONYL COMPOUNDS WITH TRIBUTYLTIN HYDRIDE. THE PROMOTING INFLUENCE OF THE PRESENCE OF PROTONIC OR LEWIS ACIDS
Authors: FOUR P. , GUIBE F.
Published: May 2016

In Gegenwart von Pd‐Katalysatoren erhält man aus den ungesättigten Aldehyden (Ia) und (Ib) mit Tributylzinnhydrid die gesättigten Aldehyde (II).
ChemInform Abstract: REDUCTION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS USING AN ELECTRODE MADE OF ORGANIC METAL‐DOPED POLYPYRROLE
Authors: AFANAS'EV V. A. , MAKAROV A. F. , KHIDEKEL M. L.
Published: May 2016

Mit BF4′ dotiertes Polypyrrol kann als Elektrodenmaterial bei der Reduktion von organischen Verbindungen verwendet werden.
ChemInform Abstract: A HIGH YIELD ROUTE TO ETHYL ESTERS OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
Authors: DOWNIE I. M. , WYNNE N. , HARRISON S.
Published: May 2016

Das Phosphonat (II) ist ein hochwirksames Veresterungsreagenz, wie an den Reaktionen mit Benzoe‐, Tri‐ fluoressig‐, Salicyl‐, Essig‐, Isobutter‐ und Propionsäure (Esterausb; 72‐98%) gezeigt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: VINYL CARBANIONS. 13. SIMPLE SYNTHESIS OF OXALACETIC ACID DERIVATIVES
Authors: SCHMIDT R. R. , TALBIERSKY J. , BETZ R.
Published: May 2016

Die Acrylsäureester bzw. ‐amide (I) werden in die Lithiumderivate (II) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: OXIDATIVE DEHYDROGENATION OF ISOAMYL ALCOHOL ON A PROMOTED SILVER CATALYST
Authors: KALIYA M. L. , TROFIMOVA I. V. , BRAILOVSKII S. M. , TEMKIN O. N. , KARPEISKAYA O. L.
Published: May 2016

Die Oxidation von Isoamylalkohol (I) zu Isovaleraldehyd (II) mit Luftsauerstoff wird an Natriumoxid‐promotierten Silberkatalysatoren untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF OCTAFLUOROISOBUTYLENE WITH SULFUR MONOCHLORIDE
Authors: SHKURAK S. N. , KOLOMIETS A. F. , FOKIN A. V.
Published: May 2016

Octafluorisobutylen (I) reagiert mit Dischwefeldichlorid nur in Aceton oder Benzonitril in Gegenwart von Triethylamin über die Zwischenstufe.
ChemInform Abstract: KETENE MERCAPTALS BEARING CATIONIC SUBSTITUENTS
Authors: BOEHME H. + , AHRENS G.
Published: May 2016

Die Methylmercapto‐Gruppe des Dithiolyliumtetrafluoroborats (II) wird mit Trimethyloxonium‐tetrafluoroborat in eine Dimethylsulfoniumgruppe übergeführt, und das entstandene Bis(tetrafluoroborat) wird durch Rühren in Nitromethan (4 h) zu dem Ketenmercaptal (III) deprotoniert, das beim Zusatz von Ether kristallin ausfällt.
ChemInform Abstract: FREE‐RADICAL DIAZOCOUPLING. A NEW GENERAL REACTION OF DIAZONIUM SALTS
Authors: CITTERIO A. , MINISCI F.
Published: May 2016

In Gegenwart von Ti‐ oder Fe‐Salzen erhält man aus den Diazoniumsalzen (I) und: Alkyliodiden (II) über diskutierte radikalische Zwischenstufen die Aryl‐alkyl‐diazene (III) und Alkyliodide (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMISTRY AND HYPOGLYCEMIC ACTIVITY OF N‐(((DIALKYLAMINO)ALKOXY)PHENYL)BENZAMIDINES
Authors: SHROFF J. R. , ELPERN B. , KOBRIN S. , CERVONI P.
Published: May 2016

Aus den Anilinen (I) erhält man mit den Benzimidoylchloriden (II) die Amidine (III), die in die Salze (IV) übergeführt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: Potential Anticancer Agents. Part 21. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Some New Triazene Derivatives.
Authors: CORNEA F. , IONESCU D. , ZGLOBIU M. , BOTEZ G. , DOBRE V. , NICULESCU‐DUVAZ I.
Published: May 2016

Ausgehend von der Benzoesäure (I) werden die Triazen‐ Derivate (II) hergestellt, die ebenso wie die analog erhaltenen Triazen‐peptide (III) auf ihre Wirkun e en Leukämie L 12 l0 untersucht werden.
ChemInform Abstract: ADAMANTYL PHENOLS. II. SYNTHESIS AND ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF BROMINATED HYDROQUINONES AND QUINONES CONTAINING ADAMANTYL SUBSTITUENTS
Authors: KORSAKOVA I. Y. , SAFONOVA O. A. , AGEEVA O. I. , SHVEDOV V. I. , NIKOLAYEVA I. S. , PUSHKINA T. V. , PERSHIN G. N. , GOLOVANOVA E. A.
Published: May 2016

Es werden dem Tebrofen (I) verwand‐ te Verbindungen hergestellt, in denen ein Phenolrest durch den Adamantanrest (=Ad) ersetzt ist.
ChemInform Abstract: ALTERNATIVE MODES OF ADDITION OF ELECTROPHILIC OLEFINS TO THE VINYLCYCLOPROPANE SYSTEMS IN 2,2‐ETHANO‐1‐METHYLENE‐1,2,3,4‐TETRAHYDRONAPHTHALENE AND 1,1‐ETHANO‐2‐METHYLENE‐1,2,3,4‐TETRAHYDRONAPHTHALENE
Authors: SAREL S. , FELZENSTEIN A.‐M. , WEISZ M.
Published: May 2016

Von den durch Wittigreaktion der Ethanotetralone (I) zugänglichen Titelverbindungen (II) liefert (IIa) mit den Reagenzien (III), (VII) bzw. (VIII) die Produkte (IV) [nachfolgende thermische Isomerisierung zu (V)], (IXa) bzw. (IXc) [ im 4:1‐Gemisch mit dem E‐Isomeren (IXb) (nicht rein darstellbar)]; (IIb) gibt mit den gleichen Reagenzien die Verbindungen (VI) , (Xa) bzw. (Xb).
ChemInform Abstract: 1,2‐DISUBSTITUTED ETHANES AS POSSIBLE PRECURSORS FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF CANNABIS SPIRANS
Authors: CROMBIE L. , CROMBIE W. M. L. , JAMIESON S. V. , TUCHINDA P. , WHITAKER A. J.
Published: May 2016

"Die Möglichkeit der Überführung von Dibenzylen in Spirane vom Cannabistyp wird untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: ZINC CHLORIDE CATALYZED DECOMPOSITION OF 1,2‐DIHYDRONAPHTHALENE AT 165°C. A COAL‐RELATED MODEL COMPOUND STUDY
Authors: BEISHLINE R. R. , GOULD B. , WALKER E. B. , STUART D. K. , SCHULTZSKI J. , SHIGLEY J. K. , CALVERT K. , DALLING D. K. , ANDERSON L. L.
Published: May 2016

Bei der Behandlung mit Zinkchlorid/Wasser erhält man aus dem 1,2‐Dihydronaphthalin (I) neben den Disproportionierungsprodukten (II) und (III) die Dimerisierungsprodukte (IV) und (V).
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION OF ETHYLENIMINE FROM DICHLOROETHANE AND AMMONIA
Authors: ALEKSANDROVA V. A. , ANDRONOV V. N. , ZHUK D. S.
Published: May 2016

Die Umsetzung von Dichlorethan (I) mit Ammoniak in Gegenwart von Natriumsilicaten führt in guten Ausbeuten zum Ethylenimin (II).
ChemInform Abstract: ASYMMETRIC PHOTOCYCLOADDITION BETWEEN FURAN AND CHIRAL ALKYL GLYOXYLATES
Authors: JAROSZ S. , ZAMOJSKI A.
Published: May 2016

Die Bestrahlung von Alkylglyoxylaten in Gegenwart von Furan (II) (I) führt zu den Bicycloverbindungen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND ELECTROPHILIC SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS OF 2‐ARYL‐3,4‐BIS(CARBOMETHOXY)FURANS
Authors: OLEINIK A. F. , ADAMSKAYA E. V. , NOVITSKII K. YU.
Published: May 2016

Die aus Arylfuranen (I) durch Diels‐Alder‐Reaktion mit Acetylendicarbonsäuredimethylester (II) hergestellten Addukte (III) werden zu den Verbindungen (IV) hydriert, die sich thermisch zu Furandicarbonsäureestern (V) spalten lassen.
ChemInform Abstract: REGIO‐ AND STEREOSELECTIVITY OF THE LACTONE FORMATION VIA HYDROLYSIS OF THE PO OLEFINATION PRODUCTS OF α,β‐EPOXYCYCLOHEXANONES
Authors: VAN DE LOECHT G. + , MARSCHALL H. , WEYERSTAHL P.
Published: May 2016

Bei der PO‐Olefinierung der diastereomeren Pulegonepoxide (I) und (III) entstehen die Ester (II) bzw. (IV) jeweils als E/Z‐Gemische, wobei (I) und (II) überwiegend in einer Konformation mit axialer, (III) und (IV) in einer Konformation mit äquatorialer Methylgruppe vorliegen.
ChemInform Abstract: NATURALLY OCCURRING DIBENZOFURANS. PART 1. A SYNTHESIS OF CANNABIFURAN
Authors: SARGENT M. V. , STRANSKY P. O.
Published: May 2016

Die Synthese einer Reihe von Dibenzofuranen aus Diphenylethern wird beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesen des 6‐( 7‐Formyl‐1,6‐methano[10]‐annulen‐2‐yl)methyl[2,3]benzo‐1,4‐dithiafulven und des 6‐[(7‐[1,2 : 3,4]Dibenzofulven‐6′‐yl)‐1,6‐methano[1O]annulen‐2‐yl]‐methyl[2,3]benzo‐1,4‐dithiafulven als Isomerengemische.
Authors: NEIDLEIN R. , ZEINER H.
Published: May 2016

Auf dem im Formelschema angegebenen Weg wird aus dem Dialdehyd (I) das verbrückte Divinylannulen (V) als Isomerengemisch hergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: 3‐Ethyl‐4‐benzylidene‐5‐mercapto‐1,2,4‐triazole as a New Gravimetric Reagent for the Estimation of Silver in Salts, Alloys and Complexes.
Authors: GADAG R. V. , GAJENDRAGD M. R.
Published: May 2016

3‐Ethyl‐4‐benzylidenami‐ no‐5‐mercapto‐1,2,4‐triazol (III), dessen Herstellung aus dem Aminotriazol (I) und Benzaldehyd (II) angegeben ist, bildet mit Silberionen einen weißen schwerlöslichen Komplex, der zur quantitaiven gravimetrischen Bestimmung von Silber, auch in Gegenwart einer Reihe anderer Ionen, geeignet ist.
ChemInform Abstract: FACILE SYNTHESIS OF THIADIAZOLO(2,3‐B)QUINAZOLINE DERIVATIVES VIA THE JAPP‐KLINGEMANN REACTION
Authors: ABDELHAMID A. O. , HASSANEEN H. M. , ABBAS I. M. , SHAWALI A. S.
Published: May 2016

Die α‐Thiocyanato‐acetoacetanilide (Ia) kuppeln mit diazotierter Anthranilsäure (IIa) zu den Iminothiadiazolinen (III), die sich spontan zu den Thiadiazolochinazolinonen (IV) cyclisieren.