bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A BAYESIAN ANALYSIS OF WEAK IDENTIFICATION IN STOCK PRICE DECOMPOSITIONS
Authors: Balke Nathan S. , Ma Jun , Wohar Mark E.
Published: January 2014

This paper employs the state-space model to reexamine the fundamental issue in finance of whether it is the expected returns or the expected dividends growth that is primarily responsible for stock price variations. We use Bayesian methods to show that there is a substantial uncertainty about the contributions of expected returns and expected dividends to fluctuations in the price–dividend ratio when the aggregate returns and dividends data are used. The substantial uncertainty of the contributions results from the model being weakly identified. Our finding challenges the notion long held in the existing literature that it is the expected returns that contribute most to price–dividend variations.
Parasitic vocabulary acquisition, cross-linguistic influence, and lexical retrieval in multilinguals
Authors: ECKE PETER
Published: January 2014

The first part of this paper reviews research evidence for typological similarity and/or L2 status as determinants of cross-linguistic influence (CLI) in multilingual lexical production. The second part presents a model of vocabulary acquisition as a framework to explain CLI at the levels of form, (syntactic) frame, and meaning, as well as some of the developmental changes that have been reported for CLI patterns in relation to L3 learners’ proficiency. It is suggested that these patterns can be related to default processes and stages involved in the acquisition of individual word forms and their integration into networks of existing lexical triads, as described in the Parasitic Model of vocabulary acquisition. The third part of this paper points to research into the complexity and non-linearity of multilingual lexical development and the need to learn more about it.
Besser Impfen – neue Wege zur gezielten Immunmodulation bei Gesunden und Immunsupprimierten
Authors: Balmer Maria L. , Berger Christoph T.
Published: January 2014

Infektionskrankheiten sind weltweit die führende Todesursache noch vor kardiovaskulären und neoplastischen Erkrankungen. Die Einführung von Impfstoffen war deshalb ein wichtiger Meilenstein in der Medizingeschichte. Ziel ist es immer einen avirulenten, nicht-invasiven, nicht-replizierenden Impfstoff zu entwickeln, der eine spezifische, langlebige adaptive Immunantwort induzieren kann. Während die frühe Impfstoffentwicklung primär empirisch war, ist seither das detaillierte immunologische Verständnis erfolgreicher Immunantworten immer wichtiger geworden. Es bildet die Grundlage für die Entwicklung neuer Impfstoffe gegen komplexe Erreger, welche z. T. auch bei natürlicher Infektion keinen lebenslangen Infektionsschutz induzieren. Eine spezielle Patientengruppe stellen die primär und sekundär immunsupprimierten Patienten dar, welche ein deutlich erhöhtes Infektionsrisiko haben und deshalb konsequent geimpft werden sollten. In diesen Fällen sind Totimpfstoffe auch unter Therapie möglich, während Lebendimpfstoffe kontraindiziert sind oder nur in ausgewählten Situationen durchgeführt werden sollten. Zur Verbesserung der Impfantwort zielen neue Studien darauf ab bestehende Impfschemen zu optimieren. So können durch die Zugabe von Adjuvantien, durch eine Veränderung der Dosis oder des Dosisintervalls sowie des Applikationsortes höhere Antikörpertiter und antigen-spezifische T-Zellen induziert werden. Hierbei sind jedoch nicht nur die absolute Höhe des Antikörpertiters und die Anzahl spezifischer T-Zellen relevant sondern auch deren Qualität, Interaktion und Wirkungsort. Besonderes Interesse hat dabei die mukosale Immunantwort geweckt, wie z. B. mukosale T-Zellen und IgA. Inwiefern diese entscheidend für den Impfschutz sind, wird derzeit noch kontrovers diskutiert. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit erörtern wir die praxisrelevanten immunologischen Grundlagen einer erfolgreichen Impfantwort. Wir zeigen auf, wie Impfantworten modifiziert werden können, und fassen aktuelle Impfempfehlungen bei immunsupprimierten und -defizienten Patienten zusammen.
HIV-Infektion – wann ist eine antiretrovirale Therapie indiziert?
Authors: Elzi Luigia , Battegay Manuel
Published: January 2014

Die HIV-Infektion ist dank der antiretroviralen Kombinationstherapie (cART) zu einer chronischen, ambulant behandelbaren Krankheit mit beinahe normaler Lebenserwartung geworden. Voraussetzung für die drastische Senkung der Morbidität und Mortalität ist die lebenslange Einnahme der cART, was eine erhebliche Herausforderung für Patienten und Arzt darstellt. Die Wirksamkeit der cART ist von mehreren Faktoren abhängig, wie vorbestehende Resistenzen, Adhärenz, Komorbiditäten, Medikamenteninteraktionen und Nebenwirkungen. Die Indikationsstellung hat sich in den letzten Jahren in Richtung eines früheren Therapiebeginnes entwickelt, mehrere neue Medikamente mit weniger Nebenwirkungen sind zugelassen worden. Zum erfolgreichen Start einer cART gehört die Motivation und Bereitschaft des Patienten, die Therapie in seinen Alltag zu integrieren und die Medikamente langfristig, regelmäßig und ohne Unterbrüche einzunehmen.
Individualisierte Arzneimitteltherapie in der Onkologie: Was zählt die Dosis?
Authors: Joerger Markus
Published: January 2014

Die individualisierte Dosierung ist wesentlicher Teil der «personalisierten Onkologie». Von den klassischen Zytostatika ist bekannt, dass die Dosierung nach BSA keine Verbesserung der stark variablen, individuellen Plasmakonzentrationen bringt. Die neuen oralen Kinaseinhibitoren wie auch die endokrinen Substanzen weisen eine erhebliche Variabilität der individuellen Plasmakonzentrationen aus, bedingt durch variable Absorption, hepatische Metabolisierung, sowie eine Vielfalt möglicher Interaktionen. Therapeutisches Drug Monitoring und die Genotypisierung sind wichtige Werkzeuge, die in Zukunft eine individualisierte Dosierung in der Onkologie erlauben könnten. Die grosse Anzahl neu zugelassener und in Entwicklung sich befindender Onkologika bedeutet aber eine grosse Herausforderung an die Entwicklung entsprechender Dosisalgorithmen. Nur wenn individualisierte Dosisstrategien bereits in die frühe klinische Entwicklung einbezogen werden, können Substanz-spezifische Empfehlungen rechtzeitig in die klinische Praxis einfliessen.
From transistor to trapped-ion computers for quantum chemistry
Authors: Yung M.-H. , Casanova J. , Mezzacapo A. , McClean J. , Lamata L. , Aspuru-Guzik A. , Solano E.
Published: January 2014

Over the last few decades, quantum chemistry has progressed through the development of computational methods based on modern digital computers. However, these methods can hardly fulfill the exponentially-growing resource requirements when applied to large quantum systems. As pointed out by Feynman, this restriction is intrinsic to all computational models based on classical physics. Recently, the rapid advancement of trapped-ion technologies has opened new possibilities for quantum control and quantum simulations. Here, we present an efficient toolkit that exploits both the internal and motional degrees of freedom of trapped ions for solving problems in quantum chemistry, including molecular electronic structure, molecular dynamics and vibronic coupling. We focus on applications that go beyond the capacity of classical computers, but may be realizable on state-of-the-art trapped-ion systems. These results allow us to envision a new paradigm of quantum chemistry that shifts from the current transistor to a near-future trapped-ion-based technology.
Metal-free aqueous redox capacitor via proton rocking-chair system in an organic-based couple
Authors: Tomai Takaaki , Mitani Satoshi , Komatsu Daiki , Kawaguchi Yuji , Honma Itaru
Published: January 2014

Safe and inexpensive energy storage devices with long cycle lifetimes and high power and energy densities are mandatory for the development of electrical power grids that connect with renewable energy sources. In this study, we demonstrated metal-free aqueous redox capacitors using couples comprising low-molecular-weight organic compounds. In addition to the electric double layer formation, proton insertion/extraction reactions between a couple consisting of inexpensive quinones/hydroquinones contributed to the energy storage. This energy storage mechanism, in which protons are shuttled back and forth between two electrodes upon charge and discharge, can be regarded as a proton rocking-chair system. The fabricated capacitor showed a large capacity (>20 Wh/kg), even in the applied potential range between 0–1 V and high power capability (>5 A/g). The support of the organic compounds in nanoporous carbon facilitated the efficient use of the organic compounds with a lifetime of thousands of cycles.
Human cognitive ability is influenced by genetic variation in components of postsynaptic signalling complexes assembled by NMDA receptors and MAGUK proteins
Authors: Hill W D , Davies G , van de Lagemaat L N , Christoforou A , Marioni R E , Fernandes C P D , Liewald D C , Croning M D R , Payton A , Craig L C A , Whalley L J , Horan M , Ollier W , Hansell N K , Wright M J , Martin N G , Montgomery G W , Steen V M , Le Hellard S , Espeseth T , Lundervold A J , Reinvang I , Starr J M , Pendleton N , Grant S G N , Bates T C , Deary I J
Published: January 2014

Differences in general cognitive ability (intelligence) account for approximately half of the variation in any large battery of cognitive tests and are predictive of important life events including health. Genome-wide analyses of common single-nucleotide polymorphisms indicate that they jointly tag between a quarter and a half of the variance in intelligence. However, no single polymorphism has been reliably associated with variation in intelligence. It remains possible that these many small effects might be aggregated in networks of functionally linked genes. Here, we tested a network of 1461 genes in the postsynaptic density and associated complexes for an enriched association with intelligence. These were ascertained in 3511 individuals (the Cognitive Ageing Genetics in England and Scotland (CAGES) consortium) phenotyped for general cognitive ability, fluid cognitive ability, crystallised cognitive ability, memory and speed of processing. By analysing the results of a genome wide association study (GWAS) using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, a significant enrichment was found for fluid cognitive ability for the proteins found in the complexes of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor complex; P=0.002. Replication was sought in two additional cohorts (N=670 and 2062). A meta-analytic P-value of 0.003 was found when these were combined with the CAGES consortium. The results suggest that genetic variation in the macromolecular machines formed by membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) scaffold proteins and their interaction partners contributes to variation in intelligence.
A simplified pyrosequencing protocol based on linear-after-the-exponential (LATE)-PCR using whole blood as the starting material directly
Authors: Liu Yunlong , Wu Haiping , Ye Hui , Chen Zhiyao , Song Qingxin , Zou Bingjie , Rui Jianzhong , Zhou Guohua
Published: January 2014

A pyrosequencing-based genotyping protocol was simplified by linear-after-the-exponential (LATE)-PCR directly using whole blood as the starting material.
Biodegradable nanoparticles composed of enantiomeric poly(γ-glutamic acid)-graft-poly(lactide) copolymers as vaccine carriers for dominant induction of cellular immunity
Authors: Akagi Takami , Zhu Ye , Shima Fumiaki , Akashi Mitsuru
Published: January 2014

Stereocomplex nanoparticles composed of enantiomeric poly(γ-glutamic acid)-graft-poly(lactide) copolymers are excellent vaccine delivery carriers that can elicit potent cellular immunity.
A theoretical study of the activity in Rh-catalysed hydroformylation: the origin of the enhanced activity of the π-acceptor phosphinine ligand
Authors: Aguado-Ullate Sonia , Baker John A. , González-González Vanessa , Müller Christian , Hirst Jonathan D. , Carbó Jorge J.
Published: January 2014

The factors governing the activity in Rh-catalyzed hydroformylation were investigated using DFT and QSAR methods.
A polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)-bridged oxo-molybdenum Schiff base complex with enhanced heterogeneous catalytic activity in epoxidation
Authors: Leng Yan , Liu Jian , Zhang Chenjun , Jiang Pingping
Published: January 2014

A novel POSS-bridged oxo-molybdenum Schiff base complex was demonstrated to be a highly efficient catalyst for epoxidation of alkenes with aqueous tert-butyl hydroperoxide.
Novel tandem synthesis of bis(μ-NN′-tetrazolate) bridged dinuclear nickel(ii) Schiff base complex via [3 + 2] cyclo-addition at ambient condition
Authors: Das Mithun , Harms Klaus , Chattopadhyay Shouvik
Published: January 2014

A bis(μ-NN′-tetrazolate) bridged dinuclear nickel(ii) Schiff base complex was synthesized via [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of 2-cyanopyrazine and sodium azide.
Assembling CdS mesoporous nanosheets into 3D hierarchitectures for effective photocatalytic performance
Authors: Wei Chengzhen , Cheng Cheng , Zhao Junhong , Zheng Shasha , Hao Mingming , Pang Huan
Published: January 2014

3D hierarchical CdS mesoporous nanosheets are successfully synthesized via a simple hydrothermal approach. Due to their specific 3D hierarchical structures, they exhibit good photocatalytic activity for the degradation of MO.
Effect of drug release kinetics on nanoparticle therapeutic efficacy and toxicity
Authors: Sethi Manish , Sukumar Rohit , Karve Shrirang , Werner Michael E. , Wang Edina C. , Moore Dominic T. , Kowalczyk Sonya R. , Zhang Liangfang , Wang Andrew Z.
Published: January 2014

Nanoparticles’ drug release kinetics can directly affect their therapeutic efficacy and toxicity.
Synthesis and photo-darkening/photo-brightening of blue emitting doped semiconductor nanocrystals
Authors: Sarkar Suresh , Guria Amit K. , Patra Biplab K. , Pradhan Narayan
Published: January 2014

Blue emitting Cu(i) or Ag(i) doped Al(iii) co-doped thiol capped ZnS semiconductor nanocrystals are found to be more stable under UV-irradiation than the corresponding doped nanocrystals.
Theoretical analysis of the U L3-edge NEXAFS in U oxides
Authors: Nelin Connie J. , Bagus Paul S. , Ilton Eugene S.
Published: January 2014

Rigorous theoretical studies establish the importance of ligand field and multiplet splitting for the L3-edge NEXAFS of U oxides.
Sulfur/polyacrylonitrile/carbon multi-composites as cathode materials for lithium/sulfur battery in the concentrated electrolyte
Authors: Zhang Y. Z. , Liu S. , Li G. C. , Li G. R. , Gao X. P.
Published: January 2014

Sulfur/polyacrylonitrile/carbon multi-composite as active materials present good electrochemical performance in the optimized electrolyte by the common ion effect and viscosity, which are induced from both the lithium salt and solvent.
Hierarchical NiCo2O4nanosheets@hollow microrod arrays for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Lu Xue-Feng , Wu Dong-Jun , Li Run-Zhi , Li Qi , Ye Sheng-Hua , Tong Ye-Xiang , Li Gao-Ren
Published: January 2014

Novel NiCo2O4NSs@HNRAs are fabricatedviaa simple and environmental friendly template-assisted electrodeposition followed by thermal annealing and they exhibit predominant electrochemical properties and long-term cycle stability.
Palladium nanoparticles encapsulated in magnetically separable polymeric nanoreactors
Authors: Weiss Ester , Dutta Bishnu , Schnell Yafit , Abu-Reziq Raed
Published: January 2014

We report the preparation of magnetically separable catalytic polymeric nanoreactors by simultaneous encapsulation of palladium and magnetite nanoparticles within polyurea nanocapsules. The new catalytic material is applied in aqueous hydrogenation reactions.
Magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticle heaters in smart porous membrane valves
Authors: Gajda Aleksandra M. , Ulbricht Mathias
Published: January 2014

Hybrid membranes with a permeability switchable by excitation with a high-frequency electromagnetic field were created by immobilizing (super)paramagnetic Fe3O4 on the walls of track-etched pores and further functionalization with poly(N-isopropylacryl amide).
Self-assembly of pseudorotaxane films with thermally reversible crystal phases and optical properties
Authors: Tsai Ya-Ching , Chen Kai-Jen , Su Chun-Jen , Wu Wei-Ru , Jeng U-Ser , Horie Masaki
Published: January 2014

Ferrocene-containing pseudorotaxane films undergo thermally driven self-assembly and reversible crystal phase transition.
Finite element electro‐thermal modelling of nanocrystalline phase change elements using mesh‐based crystallinity approach
Authors: Trombetta M. , Williams N.E. , Fischer S. , Gokirmak A. , Silva H.
Published: January 2014

Phase change memory cells composed of nanocrystalline Ge2Sb2Te5 with a heater diameter of 10 nm and Ge2Sb2Te5 thickness of 100 nm are studied by using two‐dimensional finite element simulations with COMSOL Multiphysics. The nanocrystalline Ge2Sb2Te5 is emulated by using a mesh‐based model incorporating crystalline grains of random size and location embedded in the amorphous media. The material parameters are modelled with temperature dependency from 300 to 1000 K, including electrical resistivity, thermal conductivity, electric field breakdown and Seebeck coefficient. This model is shown to capture the cycle‐to‐cycle and device‐to‐device variability in phase change memory cells.
Damping of subsynchronous resonance using a voltage source converter‐based high‐voltage direct‐current link in a series‐compensated Great Britain transmission network
Authors: Livermore Luke , Ugalde‐Loo Carlos E. , Mu Qing , Liang Jun , Ekanayake Janaka B. , Jenkins Nick
Published: January 2014

Owing to increased levels of generation in Scotland, substantial onshore and offshore reinforcements to the Great Britain (GB) transmission network have been proposed. Possible inland reinforcements include the use of series compensation through fixed capacitors. This potentially can lead to subsynchronous resonance (SSR). Offshore reinforcements are proposed by high‐voltage direct‐current (HVDC) links. In addition to its primary functions of bulk power transmission, a voltage source converter‐based HVDC link can be used to provide damping against SSR, and this function has been modelled. Simulation results have been carried out in Power Systems Computer‐Aided Design, with system analysis conducted in MATLAB. A real‐time hardware‐in‐the‐loop real‐time digital simulator‐HVDC test rig has been used to implement and validate the proposed damping scheme on an experimental platform. The simulation and experimental results show good agreement.
Metal‐only Fresnel zone plate antenna for millimetre‐wave frequency bands
Authors: Gómez Josefa , Tayebi Abdelhamid , de Lucas Jesús , Cátedra Felipe
Published: January 2014

A metal‐only Fresnel zone plate antenna (FZPA) to operate at millimetre wave frequency bands is presented in this work. The proposed antenna is a very attractive alternative to parabolic reflectors and reflectarrays because of its several advantages such as low profile, low cost, easy to manufacture and lossless. A centre‐fed Fresnel zone plate whose diameter is 300 mm has been designed and analysed at 75 GHz providing a gain of 44.29 dBi, an aperture efficiency of 48.42% and a cross‐polarised level lower than −40 dB for the diagonal plane (ϕ = 45°). A second prototype has been designed and analysed from 54 to 68 GHz to evaluate the performance of the proposed antenna compared with an already published FZPA.
THB‐filled monolithic rectangular waveguides for millimeter wave applications
Authors: Vahabisani Nahid , Daneshmand Mojgan
Published: January 2014

A monolithic wafer‐level dielectric‐filled rectangular waveguide for millimeter‐wave applications is designed and fabricated. Unlike the existing wafer‐level rectangular waveguides that are based on hybrid integration techniques to assemble the waveguide, the three‐step fabrication process of the proposed waveguide enables the simultaneous monolithic fabrication of the dielectric‐filled waveguide as well as planar circuitry on one substrate. The maximum temperature during the entire fabrication process stays lower than 200 °C which is desirable for integrated circuit (IC) fabrication. Besides, the RF performance of the presented waveguide only depends on the RF properties of the filling dielectric not the carrier substrate (as in the case of Substrate Integrated Waveguides), which makes it ideal for silicon micro‐fabrication technology. A negative‐tone thick photoresist called THB N151 which can reach a thickness of 90 μm by single spinning is used and characterised. The results show a relative permittivity of ɛr′ = 3 and a loss tangent of tanδ = 0.018 for THB 151 which surpasses the RF performance of the highly used SU8 photoresist. An average insertion loss of 0.21 dB/mm is measured for the THB‐filled waveguide for the frequency range of 35–50 GHz. To perform the wafer‐level measurements, the waveguide is integrated with CPW to rectangular transition. Furthermore, it has been illustrated that other monolithic waveguide structures such as Turn or Y‐junction can be potentially developed by using the proposed solution.
Robust phase locked‐loop algorithm for single‐phase utility‐interactive inverters
Authors: Elrayyah Ali , Sozer Yilmaz , Elbuluk Malik
Published: January 2014

An accurate, robust and efficient transport‐delay based phase‐lock loop (TDPLL) algorithm is proposed for single phase utility interactive inverters. The traditional TDPLL has low complexity and its transient response is smooth, but its performance is significantly affected by the change in the grid frequency. The proposed TDPLL is designed to have robustness against grid frequency variations. The proposed method uses two delays instead of one to cancel the grid frequency variation effect. Since the grid voltage could be polluted by harmonics and may suffer from sag/swell anomalies, the proposed method is enhanced further to be robust against these sources of disturbances. Moreover, a method is proposed to tune the parameters of the system. The performance of the proposed PLL is validated through simulations and experimental results.
Discrete pulse frequency modulation control with sliding‐mode implementation on LLC resonant DC/DC converter via input–output linearisation
Authors: Ma Hao , Liu Qinwei , Wang Yuxi
Published: January 2014

In this study, a novel discrete pulse frequency modulation with sliding‐mode control (SMC) implementation of LLC resonant converter is proposed. SMC is employed to cope with the variable dynamic characteristics of LLC resonant converter. The control‐oriented dynamic model is first developed by extended describing function method. In order to achieve an optimised output voltage dynamic response, the sliding surface is derived based on the input–output linearisation concept. The proposed sliding‐mode controller provides inherent strong robustness against the dynamic drift issues. Meanwhile, the digital SMC signal is insensitive to the non‐linear parasitic capacitor of optocoupler. Furthermore, the dynamic performances are significantly improved for the applications of strict dynamic requirements. The theoretical analysis and the attractive dynamic performance are verified by simulation and experimental results.
Control of a three‐phase AC/DC VIENNA converter based on the sliding mode loss‐free resistor approach
Authors: Flores‐Bahamonde Freddy , Valderrama‐Blavi Hugo , Martínez‐Salamero Luis , Maixé‐Altés Javier , García Germain
Published: January 2014

The three‐phase VIENNA rectifier supplying a regulated DC bus in a micro‐grid architecture is controlled in this study by means of a sliding‐mode regulation loop, which imposes a loss‐free resistor (LFR) behaviour in each phase for power factor correction. Assuming equal parameters per phase and that the intermediate node between the output capacitors of the DC link is the neutral point of the AC generator, the rectifier can then be modelled as a tetra‐port LFR with three decoupled resistive input ports and one output port characterised by a power source representing the input power absorbed by the rectifier. After demonstrating that the resulting sliding dynamics are globally stable, the control is analogically executed, this only requiring an analogue multiplier, several operational amplifiers and some auxiliary digitally implemented logic circuitry. Experimental results for different power levels and frequencies supplied by a low‐power wind generator are in perfect agreement with the theoretical predictions.
Stabilising current driver for high‐voltage light‐emitting diodes
Authors: Wu Meng‐Tzong , Lin Chun‐Liang , Lin Chun‐Chuan , Chung Lung‐Pin
Published: January 2014

High‐voltage light‐emitting diodes (HV LEDs) possess higher cut‐in voltages and works at a high supply voltage. As the specific feature, they can be directly driven via universal utility‐line voltages after appropriate rectification. This significantly simplifies the circuit structure and reduces the manufacturing cost. While HV LEDs are driven directly by half‐wave rectified DC power source, which is an impure form of DC, their lumen is easily affected by changing the AC voltage source, while only constant current control is insufficient for stable lumen, thus hindering their usefulness in practical applications. This study proposes a simple, however effective, HV LED driver via a proportional and integral current control accompanied with feedforward compensation which is capable of maintaining stable lumen under changing AC voltage sources. Experimental results have demonstrated satisfactory performance in lighting.
Joint mode identification and localisation improvement of over‐the‐horizon radar with forward‐based receivers
Authors: Feng Xiaoxue , Liang Yan , Zhou Lin , Jiao Lianmeng , Wang Zengfu
Published: January 2014

Target tracking of over‐the‐horizon radar (OTHR) suffers from the effect of multi‐path propagation. To date, all corresponding tracking methods depend on the precondition that the ionospheric heights should be available via the ionosondes. However, the ionosondes cannot be arbitrary deployed, for example, in sea area or hostile zone. This study presents the problem of sensor fusion of OTHR and a set of forward‐based receivers (FBRs) for online mode identification of OTHR echoes, estimation of virtual ionospheric heights and localisation improvement. This fusion problem faces two challenges. The first is ‘multi‐path’, as a kind of uncertainty existing in both the forward propagation of FBRs and the forward/backward propagation of OTHR. The other is ‘coupling’, representing the complexity that the mode/parameter identification and estimation couple each other. Here the joint optimisation scheme of identification and estimation is proposed mainly including four sub‐processes: coordinate mapping with target height, joint identification and estimation of FBRs, mode identification of OTHR and localisation improvement. The simulation shows that propagation/clutter modes can be identified effectively and ionospheric heights are estimated without the help of ionosondes. Meanwhile, target state including the target height is estimated and the localisation accuracy is further improved due to sensor fusion.
Classification of human motions using empirical mode decomposition of human micro‐Doppler signatures
Authors: Fairchild Dustin P. , Narayanan Ram M.
Published: January 2014

The ability to identify human movements can serve as an important tool in many different applications such as surveillance, military combat situations, search and rescue operations and patient monitoring in hospitals. This information can provide soldiers, security personnel and search and rescue workers with critical knowledge that can be used to potentially save lives and/or avoid dangerous situations. Most research involving human activity recognition employs the short‐time Fourier transform (STFT) as a method of analysing human micro‐Doppler signatures. However, the STFT has time–frequency resolution limitations and Fourier transform‐based methods are not well‐suited for use with non‐stationary and non‐linear signals. The authors approach uses the empirical mode decomposition to produce a unique feature vector from the human micro‐Doppler signals following which a support vector machine is used to classify human motions. This study presents simulations of simple human motions, which are subsequently validated using experimental data obtained from both an S‐band radar and a W‐band millimetre wave (mm‐wave) radar. Very good classification accuracies are obtained at distances of up to 90 m between the human and the radar.
Smear signature morphology of surface targets with arbitrary motion in spotlight synthetic aperture radar imagery
Authors: Garren David Alan
Published: January 2014

This study develops a methodology for analytically predicting the detailed smear signature morphology of surface targets with arbitrary motion in spotlight synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery. The radar sensor is assumed to move with constant speed and heading on a level flight path with broadside imaging geometry. Cases of uniform target motion exhibit morphology of simply curved smear shapes, as has been reported previously. However, the present analysis shows that non‐uniform target motion can cause complicated smear shapes in spotlight SAR imagery. Specifically, the method of stationary phase is applied to local subaperture SAR images to yield analytic non‐parametric expressions for the morphology of smear signatures within spotlight SAR imagery for surface targets with arbitrary motion trajectories. This predictive capability offers the potential of extracting some characteristics of true target motion based upon the induced SAR smear signatures alone.
Anomalous wave structure in magnetized materials described by non-convex equations of state
Authors: Serna Susana , Marquina Antonio
Published: January 2014

We analyze the anomalous wave structure appearing in flow dynamics under the influence of magnetic field in materials described by non-ideal equations of state. We consider the system of magnetohydrodynamics equations closed by a general equation of state (EOS) and propose a complete spectral decomposition of the fluxes that allows us to derive an expression of the nonlinearity factor as the mathematical tool to determine the nature of the wave phenomena. We prove that the possible formation of non-classical wave structure is determined by both the thermodynamic properties of the material and the magnetic field as well as its possible rotation. We demonstrate that phase transitions induced by material properties do not necessarily imply the loss of genuine nonlinearity of the wavefields as is the case in classical hydrodynamics. The analytical expression of the nonlinearity factor allows us to determine the specific amount of magnetic field necessary to prevent formation of complex structure induced by phase transition in the material. We illustrate our analytical approach by considering two non-convex EOS that exhibit phase transitions and anomalous behavior in the evolution. We present numerical experiments validating the analysis performed through a set of one-dimensional Riemann problems. In the examples we show how to determine the appropriate amount of magnetic field in the initial conditions of the Riemann problem to transform a thermodynamic composite wave into a simple nonlinear wave.
Temperature dependent dissipation in magnetic nanoparticles
Authors: Regmi R. , Naik A. , Thakur J. S. , Vaishnava P. P. , Lawes G.
Published: January 2014

We parameterized the temperature dependent magnetic dissipation of iron oxide nanoparticles fixed in a frozen aqueous solution in an ac magnetic field. The magnetic power dissipated can be modeled by considering only Neel relaxation. This dissipation increased monotonically with temperature, increasing by approximately 50% between −40 °C and −10 °C. These experimental results provide quantitative confirmation for the Neel model of magnetic dissipative heating for nanoparticles rigidly confined in a solid matrix. We also find substantial temperature dependence in the magnetic dissipation of nanoparticles suspended in a liquid, which has important consequences for potential applications of magnetic nanoparticles for hyperthermia.
Investigation of energy harvesting for magnetic sensor arrays on Mars by wireless power transmission
Authors: Liu Chunhua , Chau K. T. , Qiu Chun , Lin Fei
Published: January 2014

This paper proposes the energy harvesting for magnetic sensor arrays on Mars, which can receive the power from Mars Rover by wireless power transmission (WPT). The schematic idea is presented with the energy receiver as the magnetic sensor and the energy transmitter as the transducer on Mars Rover. The key is to adopt the resonant inductive power transmission (IPT) topology between the magnetic sensor and Mars Rover. The basic topology and its operating principle are discussed. By using the magnetic frequency analysis with the finite element method, the output power and efficiency of the WPT system are calculated. The results show that Mars Rover could flexibly transmit its power to different types of small-size magnetic sensors based on their energy on demand using different resonant frequencies and distances.
Resonant cavity mode dependence of anomalous and inverse spin Hall effect
Authors: Kim Sang-Il , Seo Min-Su , Park Seung-young
Published: January 2014

The direct current electric voltage induced by the Inverse Spin Hall Effect (ISHE) and Anomalous Hall Effect (AHE) was investigated in the TE011 and TE102 cavities. The ISHE and AHE components were distinguishable through the fitting of the voltage spectrum. The unwanted AHE was minimized by placing the DUT (Device Under Test) at the center of both the TE011 and TE102 cavities. The voltage of ISHE in the TE011 cavity was larger than that in the TE102 cavity due to the higher quality factor of the former. Despite optimized centering, AHE voltage from TE011 cavity was also higher. The reason was attributed to the E-field distribution inside the cavity. In the case of the TE011 cavity, the DUT was easily exposed to the E-field in all directions. Therefore, the parasitic AHE voltage in the TE102 cavity was less sensitive than that in the TE011 cavity to decentering problem.
Neutron diffraction study of MnNiGa2—Structural and magnetic behaviour
Authors: Wang J. L. , Ma L. , Hofmann M. , Avdeev M. , Kennedy S. J. , Campbell S. J. , Md Din M. F. , Hoelzel M. , Wu G. H. , Dou S. X.
Published: January 2014

MnNiGa2 crystallizes in the L21 (Heusler) structure and has a ferromagnetic ordering temperature TC ∼ 192 K. Rietveld refinement of the neutron diffraction patterns indicates that the Ga atoms occupy the equivalent 8c position, while Mn and Ni share the 4a (0, 0, 0) and 4b (0.5, 0.5, 0.5) sites with a mixed occupancy of Mn and Ni atoms. It is found that that ∼83% of Mn and ∼17% Ni are located at the 4a site while ∼83% of Ni and ∼17% Mn occupy the 4b site. There is no evidence of a magneto-volume effect around TC. In agreement with this finding, our detailed critical exponent analyses of isothermal magnetization curves and the related Arrott plots confirm that the magnetic phase transition at TC is second order.
Magneto-resistive coefficient enhancement observed around Verwey-like transition on spinel ferrites XFe2O4 (X = Mn, Zn)
Authors: López Maldonado K. L. , Vazquez Zubiate L. , de la Presa P. , Matutes Aquino J. A. , Elizalde Galindo J. T.
Published: January 2014

Manganese and Zinc ferrites were prepared by solid state reaction. The resulting powders were pressed into pellets and heat treated at 1100 °C. The samples were characterized by using X-ray diffraction, pure phases of zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) and manganese ferrite (MnFe2O4) were obtained. Scanning electron microscopy images showed a good contact between particles. A drop of electrical resistance was found in both samples, MnFe2O4 and ZnFe2O4, with values going from 2750 to 130 Ω and from 1100 to 55 Ω, respectively. Transition temperatures were determined to be TV = 225 K for MnFe2O4 and TV = 130 K for ZnFe2O4. Magnetoresistance measurements were carried out in the temperature range where R showed the transition, defined as the Verwey-like transition temperature range, ΔTV. No magnetoresistive effect was observed out of it. The magnetoresistive coefficient (MRC) observed at ΔTV reached its maximum values of 1.1% for MnFe2O4 and 6.68% for ZnFe2O4. The differences between MRC values are related to the divalent metal element used. Finally, the magnetoresistive response indicates that the electrical transition observed is strongly influencing the magnetoresistance; where the underlying responsible for this behavior could be a charge reordering occurring at the Verwey-like transition temperature.
On the dynamics of vortex-wall interaction in low viscosity shear thinning fluids
Authors: Olsthoorn Jason , Stastna Marek , Steinmoeller Derek
Published: January 2014

We apply a pseudospectral method to numerically study the dynamics of vortices found within a low viscosity non-Newtonian fluid with a Carreau fluid rheology. The application of a Carreau fluid rheology avoids the commonly observed complications in power-law models at zero strain-rate. We find that fluids with a shear thinning rheology will preserve the small scale features of the flow. In particular, for vortex-solid wall interactions, shear thinning fluids can exhibit behavior associated with Newtonian fluids at a much higher Reynolds number. This can include secondary vorticity generation, and multiple vortex-bottom collisions each marked by periods of higher bottom shear rates. Using a variety of experimentally determined parameters from the literature, we argue that these results have direct application to many non-Newtonian fluids, including non-Newtonian fluid mud layers found on lake and ocean bottoms.
Yetter-Drinfeld modules for Hom-bialgebras
Authors: Makhlouf Abdenacer , Panaite Florin
Published: January 2014

The aim of this paper is to define and study Yetter-Drinfeld modules over Hom-bialgebras, a generalized version of bialgebras obtained by modifying the algebra and coalgebra structures by a homomorphism. Yetter-Drinfeld modules over a Hom-bialgebra with bijective structure map provide solutions of the Hom-Yang-Baxter equation. The category \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$_H^H{\mathcal {Y}D}$\end{document}YHHD of Yetter-Drinfeld modules with bijective structure maps over a Hom-bialgebra H with bijective structure map can be organized, in two different ways, as a quasi-braided pre-tensor category. If H is quasitriangular (respectively, coquasitriangular) the first (respectively, second) quasi-braided pre-tensor category \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$_H^H{\mathcal {Y}D}$\end{document}YHHD contains, as a quasi-braided pre-tensor subcategory, the category of modules (respectively, comodules) with bijective structure maps over H.
Communication: Permanent dipoles contribute to electric polarization in chiral NMR spectra
Authors: Buckingham A. David
Published: January 2014

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is blind to chirality because the spectra of a molecule and its mirror image are identical unless the environment is chiral. However, precessing nuclear magnetic moments in chiral molecules in a strong magnetic field induce an electric polarization through the nuclear magnetic shielding polarizability. This effect is equal and opposite for a molecule and its mirror image but is small and has not yet been observed. It is shown that the permanent electric dipole moment of a chiral molecule is partially oriented through the antisymmetric part of the nuclear magnetic shielding tensor, causing the electric dipole to precess with the nuclear magnetic moment and producing a much larger temperature-dependent electric polarization with better prospects of detection.
Lagrangian kinematics of steep waves up to the inception of a spilling breaker
Authors: Shemer Lev , Liberzon Dan
Published: January 2014

Horizontal Lagrangian velocities and accelerations at the surface of steep water-waves are studied by Particle Tracking Velocimetry for gradually increasing crest heights up to the inception of a spilling breaker. Localized steep waves are excited using wavemaker-generated Peregrine breather-type wave trains. Actual crest and phase velocities are estimated from video recorded sequences of the instantaneous wave shape as well as from surface elevation measurements by wave gauges. Effects of nonlinearity and spectral width on phase velocity, as well as the relation between phase velocity and crest propagation speed are discussed. The inception of a spilling breaker is associated with the horizontal velocity of water particles at the crest attaining that of the crest, thus confirming the kinematic criterion for inception of breaking.
Monitoring of ultraviolet pulse rate dependent photomechanical actuation in carbon nanotubes using fiber Bragg gratings
Authors: Shivananju B. N. , Suri Ashish , Asokan S. , Misra Abha
Published: January 2014

In this Letter, we present a non-contact method of controlling and monitoring photomechanical actuation in carbon nanotubes (CNT) by exposing it to ultra-violet radiation at different pulse rates (10 to 200 Hz). This is accomplished by imparting a reversible photo induced strain (5–330 με) on CNT coated fibre Bragg gratings; CNT undergoes an internal reversible structural change due to cyclic photon absorption that leads to the development of mechanical strain, which in turn allows reversible switching of the Bragg wavelength. The results also reveal an interesting pulse rate dependent rise and fall times of photomechanical actuation in CNT.
Studies on dual fuel engine performance and exhaust emission analysis by response surface methodology
Authors: Senthilraja R. , Sivakumar V. , Maran J. Prakash
Published: January 2014

In this present study, a five factor three level Box-Behnken response surface design was used to study the effect of five independent variables such as diesel (40%–100%), ethanol (0%-30%), pongamia oil methyl ester (POME) (0%–30%), compressed natural gas (CNG) (0%–20%), and load of the engine (0%–100%) on the performance (brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, and exhaust gas temperature) and emission characteristics (carbon mono-oxide (CO), carbon dioxides (CO2), unburnt hydrocarbon, oxides of nitrogen (NOX), and smoke) of a single cylinder, four stroke, water cooled diesel engine converted to dual fuel system. It was operated with either diesel fuel or blend with CNG using an electronically controlled solenoid actuated valve mechanism. The experimental results showed that all the process variables have significant effect on the engine performance. The emission characteristics (CO, CO2, NOX, and Smoke) were significantly lower than the diesel fuel emissions. From the experimental results, second order polynomial models were developed to predict the response variables. The optimal conditions were determined and it was found to be: Diesel 70%, Ethanol 15%, POME 15%, CNG 10%, and load 50%, respectively, with a desirability value of 0.894.
Exchange bias effect in BiFeO3-NiO nanocomposite
Authors: Chakrabarti Kaushik , Sarkar Babusona , Dev Ashok Vishal , Das Kajari , Sinha Chaudhuri Sheli , Mitra Amitava , De S. K.
Published: January 2014

Ferromagnetic BiFeO3 nanocrystals of average size 11 nm were used to form nanocomposites (x)BiFeO3/(100 − x)NiO, x = 0, 20, 40, 50, 60, 80, and 100 by simple solvothermal process. The ferromagnetic BiFeO3 nanocrystals embedded in antiferromagnetic NiO nanostructures were confirmed from X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope studies. The modification of cycloidal spin structure of bulk BiFeO3 owing to reduction in particle size compared to its spin spiral wavelength (62 nm) results in ferromagnetic ordering in pure BiFeO3 nanocrystals. High Neel temperature (TN) of NiO leads to significant exchange bias effect across the BiFeO3/NiO interface at room temperature. A maximum exchange bias field of 123.5 Oe at 300 K for x = 50 after field cooling at 7 kOe has been observed. The exchange bias coupling causes an enhancement of coercivity up to 235 Oe at 300 K. The observed exchange bias effect originates from the exchange coupling between the surface uncompensated spins of BiFeO3 nanocrystals and NiO nanostructures.
Simulations of table-top watt-class 1 THz radiation sources with two-section periodic structure
Authors: Liu Weihao , Xu Zhengyuan
Published: January 2014

Two types of terahertz sources with two-section periodical waveguide structure are studied by simulations. The operation frequency of the rear section (section-II) is the fourth harmonic of that of the front section (section-I), and section-II can operate both in the forward wave region and backward wave region. The critical factor that may affect the proper functioning of this kind of sources—overbunching—is discussed, and the corresponding solutions are proposed. These sources, with millimeter in length, can generate 1 THz wave radiation with power over 1 W, so, they are promising table-top and relatively high power terahertz sources.
The dynamics of photoinduced defect creation in amorphous chalcogenides: The origin of the stretched exponential function
Authors: Freitas R. J. , Shimakawa K. , Wagner T.
Published: January 2014

The article discusses the dynamics of photoinduced defect creations (PDC) in amorphous chalcogenides, which is described by the stretched exponential function (SEF), while the well known photodarkening (PD) and photoinduced volume expansion (PVE) are governed only by the exponential function. It is shown that the exponential distribution of the thermal activation barrier produces the SEF in PDC, suggesting that thermal energy, as well as photon energy, is incorporated in PDC mechanisms. The differences in dynamics among three major photoinduced effects (PD, PVE, and PDC) in amorphous chalcogenides are now well understood.
Propagating and reflecting of spin wave in permalloy nanostrip with 360° domain wall
Authors: Zhang Senfu , Mu Congpu , Zhu Qiyuan , Zheng Qi , Liu Xianyin , Wang Jianbo , Liu Qingfang
Published: January 2014

By micromagnetic simulation, we investigated the interaction between propagating spin wave (or magnonic) and a 360° domain wall in a nanostrip. It is found that propagating spin wave can drive a 360° domain wall motion, and the velocity and direction are closely related to the transmission coefficient of the spin wave of the domain wall. When the spin wave passes through the domain wall completely, the 360° domain wall moves toward the spin wave source. When the spin wave is reflected by the domain wall, the 360° domain wall moves along the spin wave propagation direction. Moreover, when the frequency of the spin wave is coincident with that of the 360° domain wall normal mode, the 360° domain wall velocity will be resonantly enhanced no matter which direction the 360 DW moves along. On the other hand, when the spin wave is reflected from the moving 360° domain wall, we observed the Doppler effect clearly. After passing through a 360° domain wall, the phase of the spin wave is changed, and the phase shift is related to the frequency. Nevertheless, phase shift could be manipulated by the number of 360° domain walls that spin wave passing through.
Magneto-elastic and magnetic domain properties of Fe81Ga19/Si(100) films
Authors: Jen S. U. , Liu C. C.
Published: January 2014

Fe81Ga19 films were deposited on Si(100) substrates at room temperature by the dc magnetron sputtering method. Each film sample was rectangular: the length (L) and the width (w). From the curvature measurement on the film surface, we found that the principal stresses in the film are compressive and anisotropic. Based on the magneto-elastic theory, the true easy axis of the Fe81Ga19/Si(100) film should be parallel to the minimum stress axis. In addition, we discovered that the Fe81Ga19/Si(100) film is an inverted film (i.e., its HC is larger than HK, where HC is the coercive force and HK is the anisotropy field). The magnetic domain (MD) structures were examined with a magnetic force microscope. After the external field HE (parallel to L) was increased to saturation and then decreased to zero, the MD pattern showed the labyrinth structure.