bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An overview of seizures and epilepsy in rabbits: etiological differences and clinical management
Authors: Gülersoy E. , İyigün S.S. , Erol B.B.
Published: July 2021

World Health Organization data suggest that neurological disorders are an important and growing cause of morbidity. One of the most common neurological disorder affecting people is epilepsy. Many companion animal neurological diseases share epidemiologic, pathophysiologic and clinical features with their human counterparts. In companion animals, affected species are mostly dogs, cats and rabbits. Seizure is defined as the clinical manifestation of abnormal electrical activity in the brain. Epilepsy is a brain disease characterized by the psychological, cognitive, social and environmental consequences of seizures. The epileptic seizures are recurrent events characterized by behavioral alterations that reflect the underlying neural mechanisms of the disease. In most cases, the disease can be diagnosed by anamnesis or observing the seizure. There are many reviews and researches about epilepsy and epileptic seizures in companion animals such as dogs and cats but not in rabbits. There are several causes of epilepsy in rabbits including viral, bacterial, parasitic, metabolic, respiratory, cardiovascular, nutritional, toxic, traumatic, enviromental and non-epileptic causes. Rabbits can be considered suitable for seizure and epilepsy investigations due to their recurrent seizures with low risk of death. As mentioned, there are several causes of epilepsy in rabbits but still to elucidate the exact mechanism of epilepsy and epileptic seizures in rabbits more studies need to be carried out. Despite the advances in the disease management, epilepsy is still an important cause of disability and mortality in both humans and companion animals. As tonic-clonic seizures with brainstem origin mostly affect children, epileptic seizures in rabbits may be a good model for further studies. Key words: Brain disease, epilepsy, neural disturbances, behavioral alterations, rabbit, seizure.
Morphological and biochemical parameters of the blood of broiler chickens with ornithobacteriosis, and for the use of Poledoxin and Tilmox 25%
Authors: Tyshkivska A. , Dukhnitsky V. , Tyshkivsky M.
Published: July 2021

The article presents the results of studies of morphological and biochemical parameters of blood of broiler chickens KOBB-500, patients with ornithobacteriosis, who were not treated, and sick birds, for the treatment of which were used drugs "Poledoxin" (active substance - doxycycline hyclate) and "Tilmox 25%" (active substance - tilmicosin phosphate). Studies have shown that ornithobacteriosis in broiler chickens is characterized by erythrocytopenia, hypohemoglobinemia and decreased hematocrit. In the birds of the experimental groups, which in accordance with the treatment regimen used poledoxin and tilmox 25% erythrocyte count, hemoglobin content in the blood and hematocrit at 216 h of the experiment were higher than in the control: erythrocyte count - 19 and 36%, respectively; hemoglobin content - by 17% in poultry of both experimental groups; hematocrit - by 19 and 23%, respectively (p≤0.05). In the serum proteins of patients with ornithobacteriosis of broiler chickens of the control group was found dysproteinemia, in which at 216 h of the experiment there was a decrease in total protein and albumin by 12 and 34%, respectively. At the same time there was an increase in the content of globulins by 32%. The content of total protein and albumin in the serum of poultry 2 and 3 experimental groups increased and by 216 h exceeded the control index by 24 and 33% (p≤0.05), respectively, albumin - by 56% in poultry of both experimental groups. The content of globulins in the serum of poultry of the experimental groups for the period from 24 to 216 h of the experiment was in the range of 10.72 - 11.98 g / l, while in the control - 11.32 - 15.21 g / l. In the serum of broiler chickens of the control group for the period from 24 to 216 h increased the activity of alanine aminotransferase by 14%, while in the serum of poultry of experimental groups treated with poledoxin and tilmox 25% its activity decreased by 96, 120 and 216 h was probably less than in the control. Hypocalcemia was observed in the control group of broiler chickens ornithobacteriosis, whereas in the serum of poultry 2 and 3 experimental groups treated, the total calcium content in the period from 24 to 216 h was probably higher than in the control. Hypophosphatemia was observed in the control and 2 experimental birds (poledoxine), and the inorganic phosphorus content in their serum was 216 h lower than in the experimental group 3 birds (tilmox 25% was used) by 43 and 23%, respectively.
Key words: doxycycline, tilmicosin, respiratory diseases of poultry, O. Rhinotracheale, antibiotics, bioavailability.
Perspective directions of bitches conservative treatment with breast tumors (review information)
Authors: Bіlyі D. , Rublenko M. , Samoiliuk V. , Spitsyna T.
Published: July 2021

The problem of treating tumors in dogs remains relevant due to the complexity of pathogenetic cascades, lack of common methodological approaches to diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients, insufficient number of animals in groups, the described nature of the results, incorrect "mechanical" borrowing of therapeutic protocols from human medicine. The proposed treatment regimens do not provide the desired results, there is a steady trend to increase the number of small pets with breast tumors. Therefore, it is important to find alternative treatments for dogs with breast neoplasms, among which, first of all, should be noted the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which cause a positive effect by inhibiting the expression of cyclooxygenase-2, activating apoptosis and inhibiting cancer cell migration. Potentially effective therapeutic methods are electroporation and electrochemotherapy, which can significantly increase the concentration of chemotherapeutic agents in cancer cells against the background of minimal toxicity to healthy tissues. The important role of hypercoagulation in the mechanisms of development and progression of breast tumors in dogs justifies the use of antithrombotic therapy in cancer patients, especially low molecular weight heparins, which can improve the effectiveness of therapeutic protocols and prevent tumor metastasis. It is shown that these methods as part of complex treatment regimens increase the effectiveness of conventional protocols of chemotherapy and radiation therapy, as well as surgery. However, further studies of the pathogenetic aspects of these treatments for breast tumors in bitches and the possibility of combining them with other therapeutic regimens are needed.
Key words: bitches, breast neoplasms, treatment protocols, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, electroporation, antithrombotic therapy.
Veterinary and sanitary characteristics of quail meat by feeding nanocrystalline cerium dioxide
Authors: Zotsenko V. , Dzhmil V. , Ostrovskiy D. , Andriichuk A. , Melnyk T.
Published: July 2021

The unresolved problem of quail is feed stress and high sensitivity of poultry of this species to feed quality. To eliminate such consequences it is possible with the use of various biologically active feed additives. However, their introduction into the diet automatically raises questions about the quality and safety of the products for the consumer. The purpose of the research is to conduct a veterinary and sanitary assessment of the quality of quail meat for feeding NDC. The purpose of the research is to conduct a veterinary and sanitary assessment of the quality of quail meat for feeding NDC. The object of study were the quails of the Pharaoh breed, at the age of 24 were divided into two groups: experimental and control 30 heads each. The birds were kept in cages with free access to food and water. Quails of the experimental group were added to drinking water feed additive "Nanocerium" at a dose of 8.6 mg per liter of drinking water. Nanocerium feed additive is an aqueous dispersion of NDC with average nanoparticle sizes of 2–7 nm. Antemortem examination of quails of both groups revealed a satisfactory clinical condition of birds. The average weight of the gut carcass of quails of the experimental group was higher by 8.3% compared to the control. Examination of 20 carcasses of quails showed that they can be classified as first class. According to organoleptic parameters, quail meat is of good quality in veterinary and sanitary terms. Microbiological studies of quail meat indicate no effect of NDC in the applied doses on its bacterial contamination. Chemical parameters of meat (pH, aminoammonia nitrogen, volatile fatty acids during storage in the refrigerator) (5 days, t = 4–5 ° C) tended to increase and were within the normal range for fresh product. Tissue in quails of both groups was not detected. The biological value of quail meat in both groups was identical and no toxicity. Tasting evaluation of the broth and meat showed that NDC did not affect the studied taste. The obtained results show that the quails that received the feed additive "Nanocerium" with water according to the indicators of veterinary and sanitary examination are of good quality, which allows to use it in human food without restrictions.
Key words: poultry, nanocerium, organoleptic evaluation, microbial contamination, biological value, tasting evaluation.
Višeslojni tumul u Novom Selu kod Bijeljine
Authors: Gavranović Mario , Waltenberger Lukas , Bulatović Jelena , Petschko Irene , Meyer Cornelius , Antić Snježana
Published: July 2021

The first step of the investigations in Novo Selo near Bijeljina (Republic of Srpska), in the northeastern part of Bosnia and Herzegovina known as Semberija, took place between 2016 and 2019 in the frame of the project “Visualizing the Unknown Balkans,” initiated by the Institute for Oriental and European Archaeology (now Austrian Archaeological Institute) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences in cooperation with the Museum of Semberija in Bijeljina. The slightly elevated mounds in Novo Selo and Muharine at the eastern outskirts of the city of Bijeljina remained unregistered in archaeological literature despite their exposed position. Following the results of magnetic prospecting in 2016 that indicated the existence of ditches and a variety of structures, the first excavation was carried out in late 2018 at the mound in Novo Selo. At that point, neither a chronology nor an interpretation of the large earth mounds could be put forward, since there were no comparable investigated structures in the surroundings or surface finds suggesting an approximate age. The excavations in Novo Selo revealed highly remarkable structures and the use of the place as burial grounds in the Late Copper Age (3200–2600 BC), the earliest stage of the Middle Bronze Age (1750–1650 BC), and finally in the late Middle Ages (1000–1300 AD). In terms of cultural affiliation, the Copper Age finds (pottery) and urn cremation burials correspond with the repertoire of the late Baden complex and the Kostolac culture, while the Middle Bronze Age inhumation burial shows similarities with the graves in the lower Drina valley. The discoveries made in Novo Selo exemplify the complexity of burial mounds and their importance for prehistoric communities, especially in an open landscape like Semberija, with multifarious influences from the Balkans, the Carpathian Basin, and the Danube area
МЕТОДИЧНІ ЗАСАДИ ПОЖЕЖНОГО АУДИТУ ВИБУХОПОЖЕЖОНЕБЕЗПЕЧНИХ ОБ'ЄКТІВ
Authors: Сидоренко Володимир , Азаров Сергій , Єременко Сергій , Пруський Андрій
Published: July 2021

Розглянуто методичні основи проведення пожежного аудиту вибухопожежонебезпечних об'єктів з метою попередження та запобігання аварій на них. Пропонується новий багатоетапний інструментарій проведення аудиту вибухопожежонебезпечних об'єктів за допомогою ГІС-технологій.
МОНІТОРИНГ НАДЗВИЧАЙНИХ СИТУАЦІЙ ЛЬВІВСЬКОЇ ОБЛАСТІ, ПОВ'ЯЗАНИХ ІЗ ПОЖЕЖАМИ НА ОБ’ЄКТАХ ІЗ СКЛАДУВАННЯМ ВІДХОДІВ
Authors: Попович Василь , Попович Наталія , Босак Павло
Published: July 2021

Метою представленої роботи є моніторинг надзвичайних ситуацій, які виникли на Львівському міському полігоні твердих побутових відходів та породному відвалі ПАТ «Львівська вугільна компанія». В рамках моніторингу нами розглянуто причини виникнення надзвичайних ситуацій на об’єктах складування відходів та шляхи рекультивації девастованих ландшафтів. Методи, які використані у дослідженні: рекогносцировно-польові, аналізу, спостереження, радіаційні. З метою ефективного захисту довкілля від небезпечних ландшафто-трансформуючих чинників сміттєзвалищ та породних відвалів здійснюють рекультиваційні роботи. У теперішній час обидва представлені об’єкти характеризуються підвищеним радіаційним фоном. Встановлено, що для запобігання виникнення надзвичайних ситуацій на об’єктах депонування відходів необхідно дотримуватися технологій складування, а також здійснювати рекультивацію девастованих ландшафтів у відповідності до норм та досліджень провідних вчених.
Pengembangan Lembar Kerja Siswa Menggunakan Pendekatan Saintifik Untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berfikir Kritis Siswa Kelas V Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Suryaman Suryaman , Ningsih Fitria
Published: July 2021

This research aims to produce student worksheets scientific based on the demands of the 2013 curriculum to improve the critical thinking skills of elementary school V students on thematic learning worthy of use in the learning process. This type of research is research and development of research and development (R & D) By using Borg and gall procedures which produce a certain product and test the feasibility of the developed product. The subject of this research is a grade V student elementary School. The data collection techniques conducted by researchers is a poll and a test. This research findings in the form of learning media is a scientific-based student worksheet to improve the skills of critical thinking on thematic learning. Based on the validation results of the media expert, the percentage of eligibility gained as much as 94% with the category very worthy. Results obtained from validation by the material members as much as 95% with the category very worthy. The results of the student response poll as much as 97% with the category very worthy. Based on the results of the pretests the average critical thinking skill of 35, in the postest result of an average score of 96.66. While the N-gain score increased critical thinking skills of 0.95 with the category high. Thus, it can be concluded that the students ' critical thinking skills have increased based on five critical thinking skill indicators of 0.95 with the "high" category.
Musik Garap Emotion of Sikatuntuang Sebagai Media Kreatif Musikal Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Wimbrayardi Wimbrayardi , Putra Irdhan Epria Darma , Parmadi Bambang
Published: July 2021

Music is a sound that is gotten by people and fluctuates dependent on history, area, culture and individual preferences. The genuine meaning of music additionally shifts, including that (1) music is a sound/impression of something that is caught by the audience's detects, (2) music is a showstopper with all its primary and supporting components, and (3) music is all sounds. delivered deliberately by an individual or by a gathering of people introduced as music. From a portion of these definitions, music is all sounds created by people purposefully which are introduced as music. Different examinations have shown that improving music knowledge in grade school understudies should be possible differently, including (1) presenting music in the homeroom, (2) tuning in to music, (3) playing instruments in class. For each reason, the class is improved with music utilizing a wide range of methods. The utilization of music in the homeroom will help increment the fervor of elementary school understudies in learning and simultaneously can expand the adequacy of accomplishing objectives. No less significant is learning through music and additionally learning with music, and finding out about music can give numerous advantages to the physical and mental improvement of elementary school understudies.
THE CIVIL LAW STATISTICS
Authors: Boldyrev V.A.
Published: July 2021

Introduction: comparison of dissertations in civil law with dissertations in other legal specialties, especially the criminal law cycle, inevitably leads to the idea that there are no fundamental civil law works in Russian legal science, which would be based on a statistical analysis of empirical material. Dissertation candidates often confirm or deny by one or another case or a set of them their idea, which has real or imaginary scientific value. Often, the study of a wide group of cases becomes the foundation for deep scientific conclusions, changes in the initial views of the dissertation candidate or the proposal of new hypotheses, however, in these cases, the authors’ observations are not statistical. The very statement about the insufficient use of statistical methods in civil law science requires not just a declaration with an indication of its obviousness, but direct evidence of this circumstance. Purpose: to confirm or refute the thesis about the rare use of statistical methods in civil law research, to establish the reasons for the rare use (if the thesis is confirmed). Methods: formal logical methods, statistical methods, comparative method are used. Results: the thesis about the rare use of statistical methods in civil law research is confirmed. The index of the objective conditionality of the use of statistical methods in legal research is proposed. The index shows that the role of the conditionally subjective component, that is, the established traditions of conducting scientific research in various specialties, is important, but not decisive for characterizing the methodological foundations of conducting scientific research. The choice by a particular researcher of statistical methods of conducting scientific work is determined by two main quantitative parameters of conducting research work by the entire scientific community in the relevant specialty: (a) the breadth of the sector of the analyzed legal reality, including the volume of legislation regulating public relations; (b) the number of researchers working in the relevant field.
THE BASIS OF ACTIVE ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES LEGAL REGULATION: APPLICATION OF THE ANALOGY METHOD
Authors: Vaskevich V.P.
Published: July 2021

Introduction: the article explores the application of the analogy method in the process of analyzing the basic principles of active economic activity legal regulation. Purpose: to show the possibilities of the analogy method in civil studies, in particular, in the process of analyzing the principles of business law and their application in the active economic activity legal regulation, identifying problems arising among scientists and legal practitioners related to determining the content of these principles. Methods: analogies in jurisprudence, theoretical methods of formal and dialectical logic, deduction and induction method, empirical comparison methods, descriptions, comparative legal method. Results: the analysis of the business law principles using the method of analogy made it possible to ascertain their features in the legal regulation of active economic activity, including the field of professional sports. Conclusions: it was established that these principles are applicable as general principles of active economic activity legal regulation. Entrepreneurial activity is the main type of active economic activity and is currently the most normatively regulated. However, the existing variety of active economic activity forms confirms that not all generally accepted principles of business law are fully applicable to the regulation of active economic activity or can be used with considering a number of features.
LEGAL EXPERIMENT AS CIVIL SCIENCE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH METHOD
Authors: Kuznetsova O.A.
Published: July 2021

Introduction: experimentation is a widely used method of cognition in all scientific spheres, especially in natural branches of human knowledge. Jurisprudence uses the concept of legal experiment which most often understood as a law-making experiment consisting of creation of an experimental legal norm and introducing it on some territory or in some sphere of public relations. However, the phenomenon of legal experiment should also cover a research experiment as a special juridical method of cognition. Purpose: to characterize the possibilities of using the method of legal experiment in civil law research. Methods: a dialectical approach being the leading one forms the methodological basis of the work, complimented by the general scientific methods of cognition as well as the legal-dogmatic method and the hermeneutical method of legal studies. Results: the distinction was made between law-making and legal research experiments, the scope and limits of application of each of them were demonstrated; the necessity was explained of differentiation between the legal experiment method and the real results obtained upon exercising it; the necessity was proved of differentiating between imaginary and real-life experiments, this allowing to qualify only real-life experiment as a scientific research experiment constituting a special method of legal cognition. The main goals of the experiment in civil scientific works are testing the hypothesis and creating effective legal implementation practices.
PARAMETERS OF THE METHODOLOGY OF JURISPRUDENCE IN THEIR FUNCTIONAL VALUE (on the Example of Civil Law)
Authors: Komissarova E.G.
Published: July 2021

Introduction: the methodology of scientific knowledge plays a dominant role in the system of science as a whole, regardless of the subject and branch of scientific knowledge. The geography of methodological knowledge is gradually expanding, the branch of law is becoming more and more receptive to it. The reason is known, it is in the chronic presence both in the theory of law and in certain branches of law of thematic discourses about methodology, focused on the thematization of its subject qualities. Not without this, lawyers are gradually forming their own methodological “philosophy”, whose semantic differences from the actual philosophical methodology ensure the availability of its tools for lawyers. A natural consequence of the relevance of research interest in methodological values in the future should be to improve the theoretical quality of legal research that is not related to the methodology, but is able to identify its scientific guidelines for the purposes of their own research. Meanwhile, there are few works in jurisprudence that focus on the applied nature of methodological knowledge. Textbooks on the methodology of jurisprudence, intended according to the title information, educational knowledge of its subject features and internal parameters, still go to “distant philosophical distances”, operating with capacious and abstract judgments about methodological phenomena, and therefore are actually addressed not so much to students as to colleagues in the “methodological workshop”. Purpose: to bring the canons of methodological regulations closer to the scientific audience working in other thematic areas that are far from methodological values, but strive to learn them for practical purposes. Methods: descriptive, explanatory, and narrative. Results: based on the results of the study, the author formulated the following theoretical conclusions. The understanding of such a complex phenomenon as the methodology of jurisprudence in its applied meaning is proposed to be carried out according to the “pandect template”. For this purpose, the author “separates” the strictly philosophical and specifically scientific methodology of jurisprudence, offering to distinguish between the general and special parts of the methodological regulations. The general part contains an answer to the subject question what is the methodology and what is the status of methodological knowledge. The special part answers the question of how and what methodological units fill in the methodology parameters and how they work.
Assessment of the Test-Retest Reliability of Level III Polysomnography: Comparison of Results Using Difference of Apnea-Hypopnea Index Score and Severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Han Byung-Hyun , Yun Ji Min , Choi Ick Soo
Published: July 2021

Background and Objectives Although studies of test-retest reliability of the standard polysomnography has been reported numerous times, studies of portable sleep devices have been reported in very few cases to date. The purpose of this study is to investigate the test-retest reliability of level III devices, to examine the characteristics of patients with tendency of underestimation and to determine whether there are factors that can predict when retest is needed. Subjects and Method We enrolled 74 patients for this study from April 2014 to March 2019. Two indicators were used to assess night to night variability. If the difference of apneahypopnea index (AHI) score was less than 10 or there is no difference of severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) between two nights, we decided that the results have a reliability. Results Seventeen out of 57 patients with an AHI difference of less than 10 showed unreliable results based on severity, and 3 out of 17 patients with the AHI difference more than 10 showed reliable results based on severity. Eight out of 74 patients were diagnosed at Night 2 but not at Night 1. In other words, about 11% of the subjects needed retest. Based on the change in severity of OSA, subjective sleep scores showed a statistically significant difference, indicating that the subjective sleep score should be considered when deciding a retest. AHI differed by more than 10 in about 23% of the subjects in this study, falling within “15%- 32%,” which has been reported in the literature on the level I test. Conclusion This suggests that there is no significant difference in reliability between level I and III.
The History of Research in Vestibular Organ and Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
Authors: Park Kee Hyun
Published: July 2021

Since B.C., vertigo had been described as a condition closely related to migraines or epilepsy. This perception remained during the 14th-16th century and vertigo was considered to be a symptom of brain disease. Until the 18th century, the perception remained that the vestibular organ would be in charge of hearing. However, during the 19th century, it was understood that the sense of equilibrium and vertigo might have been related to vestibular organs. Barany first mentioned positional vertigo and otolithic disease in 1921, and Dix and Hallpike defined their clinical characteristics in 1952. After studies from numerous otologists and neurologists, including Schuknecht and Epley, which identified benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) has emerged as one of today’s most common diseases. The development of various test methods enabled more detailed diagnosis of BPPV. The treatment performance also improved significantly as various canalith repositioning procedures were introduced.
Manajemen Stres Menghadapi Covid-19 Dalam Pendidikan Islam
Authors: Setyani Iin
Published: July 2021

The corona covid-19 virus phenomenon is very shocking the world. Almost all people in the world experience uncertainty and many receive information from social media whose truth is uncertain. This has unwittingly caused panic for some people. The number of hoax news that caused panic and the appeal for social distancing by the government without any proper counseling to the community, which resulted in panic. Not only this it also affects the mental health of a person to unwittingly cause stress. The purpose of this study is to find out how to manage stress in dealing with covid-19 in the perspective of Islamic education. The research approach used is a form of research obtained from the literature in the field of Islamic education and stress management. Data collection techniques by searching related literature both online and offline. Data analysis techniques using data analysis techniques from related literature. The results of research conducted are stress management to deal with covid-19 in Islamic education is to think positively, avoid hoax news, avoid excessive panic, pray and worship Allah, and always pray to Allah.
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Tematik Berbasis Proyek untuk Mengembangkan Keterampilan Berpikir Kreatif dan Karakter Wirausaha Peserta Didik Tunanetra
Authors: Fatimah Siti , , Budiono
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan bahan ajar tematik berbasis proyek untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kreatif dan karakter wirausaha peserta didik tunanetra. Desain pengembangan bahan ajar menggunakan pendekatan Design Based Research (DBR). Tahapan DBR yang digunakan terdiri dari empat tahap, yaitu tahap analisis kebutuhan, tahap desain/ pengembangan produk, tahap pengujian produk, dan tahap refleksi. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah 2 peserta didik tunanetra di SLB Putra Manunggal Gombong, Kebumen. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah lembar angket, lembar wawancara, lembar observasi, dan lembar tes. Teknik analisis data menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: 1) Bahan ajar tematik berbasis proyek layak digunakan bagi peserta didik tunanetra; 2) Pembelajaran proyek menggunakan bahan ajar tematik efektif meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kreatif dan karakter wirausaha peserta didik tunanetra; 3) Besar pengembangan karakter wirausaha peserta didik tunanetra menunjukkan kategori tinggi/baik yaitu dengan persentase sebesar 84%, sedangkan peningkatan keterampilan berpikir kreatif peserta didik menunjukkan kategori sedang dengan nilai N-Gain 0,60.
The Festivalisation of Edinburgh: Manifestations, Impacts and Responses
Authors: Hague Cliff
Published: July 2021

The Festivalisation of Edinburgh: Constructing its Governance was published in Scottish Affairs 30.1. It showed how the city council, Scottish Government and the events, festivals and tourism industries worked in partnership as a growth coalition. This follow-up article describes some of the results they achieved. It focuses on Edinburgh's August and Winter Festivals, as these are the largest scale festival events. It also analyses the project that sought to re-imagine West Princes Street Gardens. It explores the meaning of ‘festivalisation’ both through its direct impacts on the use of urban space, but also in its relation to the commodification of public space and austerity urbanism. Festivalisation has normalised the flow of value from local public spaces to geographically dispersed asset owners. However, opposition emerged from some local residents and community councils, with the long-established civic amenity charity, the Cockburn Association, playing a catalytic role. The Covid pandemic disrupted this process in 2020, opening up further debates about the role of festivals and tourism in the recovery.
Equality in Community Engagement: A Scoping Review of Evidence from Research and Practice in Scotland
Authors: Lightbody Ruth , Escobar Oliver
Published: July 2021

In Scotland, innovative designs for community engagement have been developed by national and local governments, public authorities, and civil society organisations, leading to a wealth of literature and research. This evidence review of 79 articles and reports, explores the intersection between community engagement and inequality in Scotland. We find that the ways in which equality must be supported within community processes are often overlooked. Community engagement must be placed in the context of broader democratic innovation and citizenship at regional, national and global scale in order to become future proof. Appropriate resources are required to avoid replicating systemic inequalities as well as to support the development of a variety of institutions, processes and methods that cater for groups often mislabelled as ‘hard to reach’ but that are perhaps best seen as ‘easy to ignore’ ( Matthews et al. 2012 ). The paper highlights key learning and strategic considerations to inform practice in Scotland and beyond. The findings and recommendations are of relevance to reformers, innovators, researchers, practitioners and policymakers working across diverse policy areas and levels of governance.
Recuperar la ciudadanía post-deportación en la frontera México-Estados Unidos
Authors: Pinillos Quintero Gabriela Irina , Velasco Ortiz Laura
Published: July 2021

This article aims to analyze the importance of formal citizenship in the reintegration process of people deported from the United States to Mexico. The analysis parts from the case study of deportations to the border city of Tijuana, Baja California, which includes 68 in-depth interviews focused on redocumentation to demonstrate their national affiliation. The main findings show that the condition of documentation plays a strategic role in the processes of re-citizenship in the countries of origin. Upon return by a process of deportation, there is a revitalization of the importance of formal citizenship that seemed outweighed in the face of the multiple forms of affiliation, belonging, and local participation. The role of private and social actors is strategic in the processes of redocumentation and recovery of the relationship of individuals with the State, which also reflects the reproduction of multiple social inequalities between subjects of the Mexican State.
La investigación en odontología en tiempos de pandemia por la COVID 19
Authors: Castillo Cevallos Jorge Luis
Published: July 2021

Hace año y medio, en diciembre del 2019, el COVID-19 apareció por primera vez en Wuhan, China y luego, se extendió rápidamente a otros países del mundo. En un principio, lo veíamos como una epidemia muy lejana y con pocas probabilidades de llegar a nuestro medio.
Comportamiento del Midazolam administrado con tres diferentes vehículos para sedación consciente Estudio retrospectivo
Authors: Muñoz Villanueva de Evans Magali Natalia , Gonzales Mendoza Julio César Isaías
Published: July 2021

Ante situaciones de miedo y ansiedad algunos pacientes requieren tratamientos bajo sedación consciente con midazolam, el cual requiere de ser mezclado con algún vehículo para su administración, sin embargo existe poca información de cómo este podría afectar su absorción.  Objetivo: evaluar el nivel de sedación consciente en relación a la administración oral de midazolam con tres vehículos diferentes. Material y métodos: estudio observacional, retrospectivo y comparativo de 45 reportes de sedación consciente de los cuales, 20 cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Los datos fueron tomados de las histórias clínicas y analizados evaluando edad, sexo, comparando el nivel de sedación a traves de la escala de Houpt y los vehículos empleados (Paracetamol, jugo de frutas y azucar con jugo en cuchara). Se empleó el programa estadístico SPSS para la prueba chí cuadrado, analisis de frecuencia, moda y media para el análisis de los datos, con un nivel de significancia de 5%. Resultados: En cuanto a la somnolencia la mayoría de los pacientes presentó Houpt nivel 3 (somnoliento). En cuanto al movimiento no se encontró diferencia significativa según el vehículo utilizado. En cuanto al llanto, la mayoría de los pacientes presentó un nivel 3 y 4. Conclusión: La dilución del midazolam en jugo mostró mejores resultados en cuanto a somnolencia y llanto, pero estas diferencias no fueron estadísticamente significativas mostrando que los tres vehículos podrían ser útiles para la administración del midazolam vía oral.
Uso de coronas de acetato para la confección de coronas de resina en dientes primarios: Reporte de caso
Authors: Palomino Rios Ethel Violeta , Torres Ramos Gilmer , Barzola Loayza Marya
Published: July 2021

Siendo una de las opciones de restauración el uso de la técnica de coronas de acetato, se optó por ésta debido a los resultados estéticos que ofrece y por sus pocos pasos clínicos. Cumpliendo así con nuestro objetivo de mantener la integridad de las piezas y conservarlas en su espacio, mediante el uso de coronas de resina confeccionadas bajo esta técnica. La metodología utilizada fue el reporte de caso clínico en paciente de 2 años 09 meses de género masculino con diagnóstico caries dental, donde se realizó coronas de resina con la técnica de coronas de acetato. Para la evaluación clínica a los 12 meses se usaron los criterios de evaluación para las restauraciones directas e indirectas según la World Dental Federation. No presentaron fractura y recidiva de caries. Las coronas confeccionadas con ésta técnica fueron bien aceptadas debido a sus resultados imperceptibles, bajo costo y menor tiempo clínico. Por lo que el uso de ésta técnica sería una opción de tratamiento, pero se requieren más estudios para determinar sus ventajas a largo plazo.
Money and Media Theory
Authors: Schröter Jens
Published: July 2021

The relation of media theory to money and the status of money as a digital medium is discussed.
Extracellular Vesicles From the Human Natural Killer Cell Line NK3.3 Have Broad and Potent Anti-Tumor Activity
Authors: Cochran Allyson M. , Kornbluth Jacki
Published: July 2021

Natural killer (NK) cells are critical mediators of immune function, responsible for rapid destruction of tumor cells. They kill primarily through the release of granules containing potent cytolytic molecules. NK cells also release these molecules within membrane-bound exosomes and microvesicles – collectively known as extracellular vesicles (EV). Here we report the characterization and anti-tumor function of EVs isolated from NK3.3 cells, a well described clonal normal human NK cell line. We show that NK3.3 EVs contain the cytolytic molecules perforin, granzymes A and B, and granulysin, and an array of common EV proteins. We previously reported that the E3 ubiquitin ligase, natural killer lytic-associated molecule (NKLAM), is localized to NK granules and is essential for maximal NK killing; here we show it is present in the membrane of NK3.3 EVs. NK3.3-derived EVs also carry multiple RNA species, including miRNAs associated with anti-tumor activity. We demonstrate that NK3.3 EVs inhibit proliferation and induce caspase-mediated apoptosis and cell death of an array of both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic tumor cell lines. This effect is tumor cell specific; normal cells are unaffected by EV treatment. By virtue of their derivation from a healthy donor and ability to be expanded to large numbers, NK3.3 EVs have the potential to be an effective, safe, and universal immunotherapeutic agent.
A Novel Six Metastasis-Related Prognostic Gene Signature for Patients With Osteosarcoma
Authors: Zheng Di , Xia Kezhou , Yu Ling , Gong Changtian , Shi Yubo , Li Wei , Qiu Yonglong , Yang Jian , Guo Weichun
Published: July 2021

Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor, and although there has been significant progress in its management, metastases often herald incurable disease. Here we defined genes differentially expressed between primary and metastatic osteosarcoma as metastasis-related genes (MRGs) and used them to construct a novel six-MRG prognostic signature for overall survival of patients with osteosarcoma. Validation in internal and external datasets confirmed satisfactory accuracy and generalizability of the prognostic model, and a nomogram based on the signature and clinical variables was constructed to aid clinical decision-making. Of the six MRGs,FHITis a well-documented tumor suppressor gene that is poorly defined in osteosarcoma. Consistent with tumor suppressor function, FHIT was downregulated in osteosarcoma cells and human osteosarcoma samples. FHIT overexpression inhibited osteosarcoma proliferation, migration, and invasion bothin vitroandin vivo. Mechanistically, FHIT overexpression upregulate the epithelial marker E-cadherin while repressing the mesenchymal markers N-cadherin and vimentin. Our six-MRG signature represents a novel and clinically useful prognostic biomarker for patients with osteosarcoma, and FHIT might represent a therapeutic target by reversing epithelial to mesenchymal transition.
N6-Methyladenosine Modification and Its Regulation of Respiratory Viruses
Authors: Feng Qianyu , Zhao Hongwei , Xu Lili , Xie Zhengde
Published: July 2021

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a ubiquitous RNA modification in eukaryotes. It plays important roles in the translocation, stabilization and translation of mRNA. Many recent studies have shown that the dysregulation of m6A modification is connected with diseases caused by pathogenic viruses, and studies on the role of m6A in virus-host interactions have shown that m6A plays a wide range of regulatory roles in the life cycle of viruses. Respiratory viruses are common pathogens that can impose a large disease burden on young children and elderly people. Here, we review the effects of m6A modification on respiratory virus replication and life cycle and host immunity against viruses.
The Development and Testing of Balanced Communication Material for a Population-Based Breast Cancer Screening Program
Authors: De Nard Francesca , Deandrea Silvia , Bastiampillai Anan Judina , Cavazzana Laura , Carnevali Davide , Principi Niccolò , Luconi Ester , Schulz Peter Johannes , Castaldi Silvana , Silvestri Anna Rita
Published: July 2021

Organized breast cancer screening (BCS) programs rely on written communication materials for achieving participation and informing women about screening-related benefits and limits. In order to achieve informed decisions and to maximize reader acceptance, the Agency for Health Protection of the metropolitan area of Milan aimed at improving the communication materials of the local BCS program through a multiphase, mixed-method process. Multidisciplinary working groups drafted three sets of materials: postal letters, an informative leaflet, and a question-and-answer online set. Readability was assessed using the Italian language-tailored Gulpease index. Suitability and Comprehensibility were assessed using the SAM + CAM instrument. User perception was investigated through “think aloud” interviews in two consecutive purposive samples. Participants’ intention to participate in the program was also assessed. After each phase was completed, materials were readapted, and previous phases were repeated, to maintain the pre-defined Gulpease and SAM + CAM targets. During the quality improvement process, the overall mean Gulpease and SAM + CAM scores increased from 65.5 (s. d. 10.4) to 67.7 (s. d. 8.2) and from 78 (s. d. 5.6) to 83 (s. d. 4.1), respectively. In light of the results of the first round of interviews, materials underwent rewriting and layout revision, which was generally appreciated during the second round, with a non-significant increase in the intention to participate in the program. However, negative emotions and miscomprehension concerning overdiagnosis were frequently reported, although less frequent in the second round, after rewording of the text. The mixed-method multistep process involving all the relevant key players allowed a balance among the multifaceted aspects of communication.
Diagnostic Value of sST2 in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhang Tianyi , Xu Chengyang , Zhao Rui , Cao Zhipeng
Published: July 2021

Biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), N-terminal pro-BNP (NT-proBNP), cardiac troponin (cTn), and CK-MB contribute significantly to the diagnosis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Recent studies have demonstrated that suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) is associated with CVD, but a meta-analysis of ST2 levels in different CVDs has yet to be conducted. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate soluble ST2 (sST2) levels in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD), myocardial infarction (MI), and heart failure (HF). A total of 1,425 studies were searched across four databases, of which 16 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS) values of all 16 studies were ≥7. The meta-analysis results indicated that the sST2 level was not correlated with IHD (standard mean difference [SMD] = 0.58, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 0.00 to 1.16, p = 0.05) or MI (weighted mean difference [WMD] = 0.17, 95% CI = −0.22 to 0.55, p = 0.40) but was significantly associated with HF (WMD = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.04 to 0.38, p = 0.02; I2 = 99%, p < 0.00001). sST2 levels did not differ significantly between patients with IHD or MI and healthy individuals; however, we believe that ST2 could be used as an auxiliary diagnostic biomarker of HF.
Recovering Marine Gravity Over the Gulf of Guinea From Multi-Satellite Sea Surface Heights
Authors: Annan Richard Fiifi , Wan Xiaoyun
Published: July 2021

A regional gravity field product, comprising vertical deflections and gravity anomalies, of the Gulf of Guinea (15°W to 5°E, 4°S to 4°N) has been developed from sea surface heights (SSH) of five altimetry missions. Though the remove-restore technique was adopted, the deflections of the vertical were computed directly from the SSH without the influence of a global geopotential model. The north-component of vertical deflections was more accurate than the east-component by almost three times. Analysis of results showed each satellite can contribute almost equally in resolving the north-component. This is attributable to the nearly northern inclinations of the various satellites. However, Cryosat-2, Jason-1/GM, and SARAL/AltiKa contributed the most in resolving the east-component. We attribute this to the superior spatial resolution of Cryosat-2, the lower inclination of Jason-1/GM, and the high range accuracy of the Ka-band of SARAL/AltiKa. Weights of 0.687 and 0.313 were, respectively, assigned to the north and east components in order to minimize their non-uniform accuracy effect on the resultant gravity anomaly model. Histogram of computed gravity anomalies compared well with those from renowned models: DTU13, SIOv28, and EGM2008. It averagely deviates from the reference models by −0.33 mGal. Further assessment was done by comparing it with a quadratically adjusted shipborne free-air gravity anomalies. After some data cleaning, observations in shallow waters, as well as some ship tracks were still unreliable. By excluding the observations in shallow waters, the derived gravity field model compares well in ocean depths deeper than 2,000 m.
Giga-Cycle Fatigue Behavior of the Nuclear Structure of 316L Weldments
Authors: Xiong Zhihong , Peng Engao , Zeng Lianghua , Xu Qirong
Published: July 2021

Some components made of 316L stainless steel in nuclear reactors are connected by welding, and these are under giga-cycle fatigue loading. Therefore, the giga-cycle fatigue behavior of 316L weldments, which are fabricated by Laser Beam Welding (LBW) and Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW), were investigated using an ultrasonic fatigue testing system. The results indicate that the fatigue strength of LBW-made weldments is almost the same as that of GTAW-made weldments even though the microstructure and mechanical properties of the weldments are different. For the LBW-made specimens, the LBW-induced internal pores with a diameter range of about 89–270 μm were observed in the fracture surface. However, an obvious decrease in fatigue life was not observed in such cases. For the GTAW-made specimens, the quality requirement of the weld seam has to be more strict to prevent fatigue strength from decreasing. The fatigue failure mode of the GTAW-made specimens is the same as that of LBW-made specimens in the high-cycle fatigue regime but different in the giga-cycle fatigue regime.