bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of the Puck failure theory for fibre-reinforced composites under three-dimensional stress: Comparison with experimental results
Authors: Deuschle H Matthias , Puck Alfred
Published: March 2013

This paper represents the authors’ contribution to Part B of the Second World-Wide Failure Exercise. The paper provides a comparison between the ‘blind’ theoretical predictions, based on Puck’s failure theory, and experimental data for 12 test cases, covering failure of isotropic material, unidirectional laminae and multi-directional laminates under three-dimensional states of stress. The theoretical and experimental results were, in general, in good agreement and no new calibration has been made to the predictions presented in Part A of WWFE-II. Some of the tubular specimens were re-analysed using finite element analysis and that shows that their shape had some effects on the correlation observed between the theory and the experiments. The paper has confirmed the applicability and the capability of the Puck failure criteria to deal with three-dimensional load cases. The paper highlighted the need to further develop physically-based extension of the theory to cater for some of the challenges associated with (a) modelling of large deformation and progressive damage under three-dimensional stresses and (b) closing the open envelopes under certain biaxial and triaxial stresses.
Low-velocity impact behavior of CNF-filled glass-reinforced polyester composites
Authors: Hossain Muhammad E , Hossain Mohammad K , Hosur Mahesh , Jeelani Shaik
Published: March 2013

A significant improvement in fiber-reinforced polymeric composite materials can be obtained by incorporating a very small amount of nanofillers in the matrix material. In this study, an ultrasonic liquid processor was used to infuse carbon nanofibers into the polyester matrix which was then mixed with a catalyst using a mechanical agitator. Both conventional and carbon nanofibers-filled glass fiber-reinforced polyester composites were fabricated using the vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding process. Low-velocity impact tests was performed at 10 J, 20 J, and 30 J energy levels on conventional as well as 0.1–0.3 wt% carbon nanofibers-filled glass fiber-reinforced polyester composites using Dynatup8210. The morphology of fractured specimens was examined using digital photographs and optical microscopy. There was an increase in the peak load for the nanophased glass fiber-reinforced polyester composites compared with the conventional one. The absorbed energy of nanophased glass fiber-reinforced polyester composites was less than that of conventional one at different energy levels. The extent of damage was more pronounced in the conventional glass fiber-reinforced polyester composites compared to nanophased ones. Failure mechanisms comprised of indentation, debonding, delamination, matrix cracking, and fiber fracture. The extent of damage was pronounced in conventional composite compared to nanophased ones.
Christianismes et démocratisation au Kenya
Authors: Droz Yvan , Maupeu Hervé
Published: March 2013

The involvement of Christianity in Kenyan politics cannot be understood without considering the role it has played in the coproduction of the colonial and postcolonial state. Churches participate in the construction of both ethnic and socio-economic identity. This can only weaken their status as ‘moral referees’ in Kenyan politics. The emergence of new religious movements and unidentified politico-religious objects alters the way religion plays the political game. In addition, the neotraditional politico-religious movements – a synthesis of the influences of Christianity and of supposedly ‘traditional’ religions – induce the milicialization of political life with its cortege of popular violence and abuse. The ‘liturgical’ call to a reinvented tradition reveals a new set of ethnic identities. As can be seen, Christianity and democratization in Kenya continue their dangerous tango, in which they are creating new steps.
Congregation and social structure: An investigation into four Northern Irish memberships
Authors: Stringer Adrian
Published: March 2013

The relationship between organised religion and the wider society has been of fundamental concern within the sociology of religion. The author addresses the issue in terms of how material forms of social structure relate to individual congregational memberships. Four contrasting congregations were chosen for study (Baha’i, Roman Catholic, Anglican and Independent Evangelical), all in the author’s home region of Northern Ireland. A range of interviewing methods and tools were used, including tables of indices of dissimilarity, narrative analysis and Multidimensional Scaling. Each congregation was found to be delineated according to a specific set of demographic variables, each forming the profile of a wider community beyond that generated by itself. Additional investigations revealed how the congregations operated at the micro, meso and macro levels of social integration and differentiation.
Privatized religiosity revisited: Building an authenticity model of individual–church relations
Authors: Pessi Anne Birgitta
Published: March 2013

A majority of scholars agree that late-modern religiosity is characterized by ‘privatization’, particularly in Western Europe. However, even a general picture reveals that the privatization thesis is both verified and contradicted by aspects of the European religious scene. Particularly, since religion de facto is a social phenomenon, what is the meaning of a community to an individual with privatized religiosity? This is the focus of the author. The data include 17 in-depth interviews, which were analyzed with grounded theory methodology. The analysis generates a novel authenticity model of individual−church relations which consists of the interplay between three elements: experiences (especially rites, traditions, and emotions), values (both expectations of the church and personal values in relation to the church), and truth (frameworks for reflection, supply of religious activities, clear standpoints, and space for individuality) – as well as authenticity, which is present in all three.
Development of bulk compression measurement for nonwoven sheets of electrospun nanofibers
Authors: Kang Jian , Sukigara Sachiko
Published: March 2013

In this study, the bulk compression measurement of electrospun nanofibers was performed by using a modified KES-G5s compression tester. The fibers were directly electrospun on several sample stages, and then transferred to a compression tester in order to avoid damage during the specimen preparation. Since the thickness of a nanofiber sheet is on the micrometer scale, the use of a novel spherical ball indenter instead of conventional fabric-use disk indenter to compress the nanofiber sheet was examined with the aim of obtaining an accurate displacement value. The results indicate that an aluminum sample stage and a ball indenter are suitable for the measurement. The compression parameters were also calculated from the obtained load–displacement curves in order to understand of the fundamental mechanical properties of a nonwoven sheet of electrospun nanofibers.
Investigation of drape and crease recovery behaviors of woven fabrics produced from centipede yarns having different parameters
Authors: Çeven Erhan Kenan
Published: March 2013

In this research, the effect of centipede yarn production parameters – band yarn count and chain number – on drape and crease recovery behaviors of woven fabrics produced with these yarns were investigated. Polyester centipede yarns were produced on a Crochet machine with three different count (150, 300 and 600 denier) band yarns and three different chain numbers (10, 12 and 14 chain/cm). The centipede yarns were used as filling in the woven fabric construction. Drape coefficients of the fabrics were calculated from the drape measurements and the crease recovery angles of the fabrics were measured in the weft and warp directions. According to the analysis of variance results, it was proved that the drape and crease recovery behaviors of the woven fabrics from centipede yarns were affected by the centipede yarn structural parameters. Drape coefficients and crease recovery angles in weft and warp directions of the fabrics increased with the selection of higher chain numbers and coarser band yarns. Also correlations were determined between centipede yarn bending length, yarn-to-yarn friction and measured physical behaviors of the fabrics. The results of this study could provide researchers with information on how to determine the centipede yarn structural parameters for producing woven fabrics of centipede yarns with desired aesthetics and functionality.
Deciding how to live: Theological reflections on the School of Life
Authors: Marsh Clive
Published: March 2013

This article is an extended review of six recent short non-theological works from the School of Life, a London-based practical philosophy initiative. The article distils from the works their dominant themes with a view to assessing what Christian theology might learn about necessary theological emphases today. Four themes are discerned – body, inner life, concern for others, action. It is suggested that through these emphases the works indicate the importance of working on contemporary formulations of doctrines of incarnation, Spirit, kingdom of God and salvation which connect with the themes identified.
The New Testament and the new atheism: Alternative narrations
Authors: Lee Dorothy A.
Published: March 2013

The New Testament may not seem to have a direct bearing on atheism, but nonetheless it can provide a serious, if implicit, challenge to its claims and conclusions. Both the new atheism and the New Testament offer meta-narratives: coherent accounts of the world in its origins, destiny and ultimate meaning. What the New Testament presents, through core symbols such as the kingdom of God in Mark and the Incarnation in John, are examples of God’s radical engagement with the world from beginning to end, an engagement that has Jesus Christ as its centre and source of its eschatological hope.
University Sports Partnerships As Collaborative Entrepreneurship
Authors: Franco Mário , Pessoa Nuno
Published: March 2013

The main objective of this study is to determine the role of partnerships in the university sport sector as a mechanism of collaborative entrepreneurship. To reach this goal, a qualitative approach was adopted, with the case study being a Portuguese Institute of Higher Education—University of Beira Interior. As data collecting instruments, interviews and documentary analysis were used, and the data-treatment technique was content analysis. The results obtained lead to the conclusion that university sports partnerships can be understood as collaborative entrepreneurship, in that they join the interests of different institutions in carrying out common projects of social value and intervention, helping universities to integrate with, and open up to society, and both internal and external stakeholders. In light of these insights, this article is a contribution to understanding the importance of partnerships as a form of collaborative entrepreneurship in the university sport sector. Some theoretical and practical implications are also presented.
Understanding the development of school psychology services in the Republic of Taiwan
Authors: Wang Yuanyuan , D’Amato Rik Carl
Published: March 2013

School psychology is one of the most important fields within applied psychology, which is closely related to education and as a developing specialty it is important to be considered. Taiwan is an important Western ally and is highly developed in many ways. Taiwan is influenced by both Western and Eastern cultures, and this has inevitably impacted the development of psychology, including school psychology. Due to its complicated relations with Mainland China, most studies on school psychology in China do not include information in Taiwan. In addition, worldwide international studies of school psychology also often neglect Taiwan as a country. In other words, most reviews have not offered a systematic investigation of school psychology in Taiwan. The purpose of this article is to review the development of school psychology in Taiwan. The history and background of school psychology is discussed; the current status and developmental stages of school psychology are presented; the preparation of school psychologists, including the roles, functions, and responsibilities of school psychologists are discussed; and current issues impacting school psychology are examined. Overall, this article provides a means to briefly introduce and evaluate school psychology services in Taiwan.
Evaluating school-based psychological and counselling services in Macao using a qualitative approach
Authors: Schalkwyk Gertina J. van , Sit Holly H. Y.
Published: March 2013

The purpose of this study was to explore the status of psychological services in schools in Macao, and the role of school counsellors providing these services. At present, school psychology is not a recognized profession within the territory and school counsellors appointed by the Direcção dos Serviços de Educação e Juventude (DSEJ) through their designated agencies provide the only psychological services to children and families. Adopting a qualitative approach, the researchers collected the viewpoints from three teachers and seven school counsellors regarding the central question: ‘How do school counsellors “serve” the Macao school children and their families, and what are the most common services required?’. An interpretative phenomenological analysis revealed three themes: (a) School counselling services; (b) psycho-education and mental health services; and (c) perceived needs. Also discussed were recommendations for the development of the field, including the provision of additional school-based child and family interventions in Macao.
A comparison of the performance and importance ratings on intervention practices of preschool and elementary school educators in Thailand
Authors: Tangdhanakanond Kamonwan , Archwamety Teara , McFarland Max , Beckman Tammi
Published: March 2013

The objectives of the present study were: (a) to compare the performance ratings on five aspects of intervention practices as determined by preschool educators to the performance ratings as determined by elementary school educators, (b) to compare the importance ratings on five aspects of intervention practices as determined by preschool educators to the importance ratings as determined by elementary school educators, (c) to determine if importance ratings are significantly higher than performance ratings. Questionnaires were employed to collect the data from preschool and elementary school educators in Thailand. It was found that there was no significant difference between preschool educators’ and elementary school educators’ ratings of their performance in any of the five aspects of intervention practices ( p > 0.05). There was a significant interaction between educators (preschool vs elementary) and aspects of intervention ( p < 0.05), with preschool educators rating developmentally appropriate interventions higher than elementary school educators, whereas elementary school educators rating environmentally appropriate intervention higher than preschool educators. Finally, each group of educators rated importance significantly higher than performance in each of the five aspects of intervention.
Defining Pediatric Malnutrition
Authors: Mehta Nilesh M. , Corkins Mark R. , Lyman Beth , Malone Ainsley , Goday Praveen S. , Carney Liesje (Nieman) , Monczka Jessica L. , Plogsted Steven W. , Schwenk W. Frederick ,   the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.) Board of Directors
Published: March 2013

Lack of a uniform definition is responsible for underrecognition of the prevalence of malnutrition and its impact on outcomes in children. A pediatric malnutrition definitions workgroup reviewed existing pediatric age group English‐language literature from 1955 to 2011, for relevant references related to 5 domains of the definition of malnutrition that were a priori identified: anthropometric parameters, growth, chronicity of malnutrition, etiology and pathogenesis, and developmental/ functional outcomes. Based on available evidence and an iterative process to arrive at multidisciplinary consensus in the group, these domains were included in the overall construct of a new definition. Pediatric malnutrition (undernutrition) is defined as an imbalance between nutrient requirements and intake that results in cumulative deficits of energy, protein, or micronutrients that may negatively affect growth, development, and other relevant outcomes. A summary of the literature is presented and a new classification scheme is proposed that incorporates chronicity, etiology, mechanisms of nutrient imbalance, severity of malnutrition, and its impact on outcomes. Based on its etiology, malnutrition is either illness related (secondary to 1 or more diseases/injury) or non–illness related, (caused by environmental/behavioral factors), or both. Future research must focus on the relationship between inflammation and illness‐related malnutrition. We anticipate that the definition of malnutrition will continue to evolve with improved understanding of the processes that lead to and complicate the treatment of this condition. A uniform definition should permit future research to focus on the impact of pediatric malnutrition on functional outcomes and help solidify the scientific basis for evidence‐based nutrition practices.
Care Coordination to Enhance Management of Long‐Term Enteral Tube Feeding
Authors: Majka Andrew J. , Wang Zhen , Schmitz Kristine R. , Niesen Cynthia R. , Larsen Ruth A. , Kinsey Gail C. , Murad Angela L. , Prokop Larry J. , Murad M. Hassan
Published: March 2013

Background: A systematic review and meta‐analysis was completed to summarize care delivery models that used care coordination and/or team approach methods in the management of patients requiring long‐term enteral tube feeding. Our aim was to evaluate team composition, implementation strategies, and the effectiveness of these methods. Methods: We conducted a broad search of 7 databases from inception to May 2012, cross‐referenced clinical reviews and medical guidelines, and consulted clinical experts. Independent reviewers screened eligible studies, extracted data, and assessed study quality. Results: Fifteen studies enrolling 2145 patients were included in this review. The studies described multidisciplinary teams composed of primary care physicians, specialists, nurses, dietitians, and language or speech specialists. Patients and their families/caregivers were also an important part of the care team. The interventions were multifaceted and employed multiple simultaneous strategies that particularly included patient and family education, staff education, and continuous auditing and feedback methods. Meta‐analysis suggested no significant reductions in complications (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.27–1.05), infections (IRR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.48–1.24), and overall hospital admissions (IRR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.13–1.00) most likely due to lack of statistical power. We found significant reduction of total hospital costs (estimates in US dollars: −623.08; 95% CI, −745.64 to −500.53; P < .01) after the interventions. Conclusion: Studies suggested a positive association of care coordination by a multidisciplinary team approach and improved patient outcomes for long‐term enteral feeding patients. However, the available evidence does not allow estimating the effectiveness of a particular intervention or team composition.
Learning from Errors: Cognition, Emotions and Safety Culture in the Italian Air Force
Authors: Catino Maurizio , Patriotta Gerardo
Published: March 2013

Learning from errors is essential to ensuring organizational safety and improving levels of performance. We consider the interaction between cognition, emotions, and safety culture in the context of a field study on learning from errors in the Italian Air Force. We find that errors often stem from sequential action chains that are concealed in habitual behavior and that become visible only when unforeseen circumstances occur. Furthermore, cognitive appraisal of risky situations triggers emotions of variable intensity that, when rationalized retrospectively, promote the internalization of lessons learned. Finally, cognitive and emotional experiences of errors are grounded in the broader safety culture of an organization, which provides a supportive context for error reporting and encourages the sharing of information and knowledge about error experiences. The analysis further suggests that cognition, emotion, and safety culture interact through sensemaking processes that inform the construction of errors and affect learning outcomes.
Phytochemical and nutrient/antinutrient interactions in cherry tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) fruits
Authors: Oyetayo Folake Lucy , Ibitoye Muyiwa Femi
Published: March 2013

The fruit of the cherry tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum (Solanaceae)) was analysed for mineral and antinutrient composition. Phosphorus (33.04 ± 0.21 mg/100g) was the most abundant mineral in the fruit, followed by calcium (32.04 ± 0.06 mg/100g), and potassium (11.9 ± 0.1 mg/100g) and manganese (9.55 ± 0.28 mg/100g) were also present in appreciable quantities. Antinutrients, including phytate, glycoside, saponin and tannin, were screened and quantified. Phytate (112.82 ± 0.1 mg/100g), glycoside (2.33 ± 0.00 mg/100g), saponin (1.31 ± 0.00 mg/100g) and tannin (0.21 ± 0.00 mg/100g) were present in the fruit but phlobatanin and glycosides with steroidal rings were not found. The calculated calcium:phytate ratio of the fruits was below the critical value and the calculated [calcium] [phytate]:[zinc] molar ratio was less than the critical value. The calcium:phosphorus ratio (0.97 mg/100g) shows the fruit to be a good source of food nutrients, while the sodium:potassium value was less than 1. Ca/P ratio below 0.5 indicates deficiency of these minerals while Na/K ratio above 1 is detrimental because of excessive sodium levels. The results of the study generally revealed the fruit to be rich in minerals but containing insufficient quantities of antinutrients to result in poor mineral bioavailability.
Supporting imprisoned mothers and their children
Authors: Burgess Alannah , Flynn Catherine
Published: March 2013

Maternal imprisonment can disrupt the mother–child relationship, resulting in social, emotional and physical consequences for both mothers and their children. There are a number of programmes that seek to foster this relationship during imprisonment. However, research to date can only comment on any short term impact of these programmes. On the basis of a review of the existing research, this article argues that a much stronger evidence base is needed, particularly in relation to the longer term impact of prison programmes that support the mother–child relationship. With many mothers typically resuming their parenting responsibilities post-release, we must be clear that these programmes provide women with the foundation, knowledge and skills to support and strengthen their family relationships upon release.
Evaluation of Hepatic Steatosis in Dogs With Congenital Portosystemic Shunts Using Oil Red O Staining
Authors: Hunt G. B. , Luff J. A. , Daniel L. , Bergh R. Van den
Published: March 2013

The aims of this prospective study were to quantify steatosis in dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts (CPS) using a fat-specific stain, to compare the amount of steatosis in different lobes of the liver, and to evaluate intra- and interobserver variability in lipid point counting. Computer-assisted point counting of lipid droplets was undertaken following Oil Red O staining in 21 dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts and 9 control dogs. Dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts had significantly more small lipid droplets (<6 μ) than control dogs ( P = .0013 and .0002, respectively). There was no significant difference in steatosis between liver lobes for either control dogs and CPS dogs. Significant differences were seen between observers for the number of large lipid droplets (>9 μ) and lipogranulomas per tissue point ( P = .023 and .01, respectively). In conclusion, computer-assisted counting of lipid droplets following Oil Red O staining of liver biopsy samples allows objective measurement and detection of significant differences between dogs with CPS and normal dogs. This method will allow future evaluation of the relationship between different presentations of CPS (anatomy, age, breed) and lipidosis, as well as the impact of hepatic lipidosis on outcomes following surgical shunt attenuation.
Pathologic Findings in Weedy (Phyllopteryx taeniolatus) and Leafy (Phycodurus eques) Seadragons
Authors: Bonar C. J. , Garner M. M. , Weber E. S. , Keller C. J. , Murray M. , Adams L. M. , Frasca S.
Published: March 2013

A retrospective study of the pathologic findings in weedy ( Phyllopteryx taeniolatus) and leafy ( Phycodurus eques) seadragons was performed on specimens submitted to 2 reference laboratories from 1994 to 2012 to determine the range and occurrence of diseases affecting aquarium-held populations. One hundred two and 94 total diagnoses were recorded in weedy and leafy seadragons, respectively. Two of the more common etiologic diagnoses in both species were mycobacteriosis and scuticociliatosis, whereas myxozoanosis was common in weedy seadragons. Metazoan parasite infections were less common etiologic diagnoses. There were no correlations between mycobacteriosis and ciliate protozoan infections in either species. Myxozoanosis was usually found in combination with other diseases and, except for 1 case, was restricted to weedy seadragons. Phaeohyphomycosis, nonmycobacterial bacterial infections, and trauma were also important but less frequent diagnoses. Intestinal coccidiosis was found in weedy but not leafy seadragons. Mineralization of the swim bladder was detected in 26 of 197 leafy seadragons and only 2 of 257 weedy seadragons. Although weedy and leafy seadragons share certain diseases of significance to exhibit populations, there are diseases unique to each species about which the veterinary pathologist, clinician, or diagnostician should be aware.
Immunohistochemical Detection of Dendritic Cell Markers in Cattle
Authors: Romero-Palomo F. , Risalde M. A. , Molina V. , Sánchez-Cordón P. J. , Pedrera M. , Gómez-Villamandos J. C.
Published: March 2013

Dendritic cells (DCs) are “professional” antigen-presenting cells with a critical role in the regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses and thus have been considered of great interest in the study of a variety of infectious diseases. The objective of this investigation was to characterize the in vivo distribution of DCs in bovine tissues by using potential DC markers to establish a basis for the study of DCs in diseased tissues. Markers evaluated included MHCII, CD208, CD1b, CD205, CNA.42, and S100 protein, the latter 2 being expressed by follicular dendritic cells whose origin and role are different from the rest of hematopoietic DCs. Paraffin wax–embedded tissues from 6 healthy Friesian calves were subjected to the avidin-biotin-peroxidase method, and the most appropriate fixatives, dilutions, and antigen retrieval pretreatments were studied for each of the primary antibodies. The most significant results included the localization of CD208-positive cells not only in the T zone of lymphoid organs but also within lymphoid follicles; CD1b-positive cells were mainly found in thymus and interfollicular areas of some lymph nodes; cells stained with anti–CD205 antibody were scarce, and their location was mainly in nonlymphoid tissues; and CNA.42- and S100 protein–positive cells localized in primary lymphoid follicles and light zones of germinal centers, although showing differences in the staining pattern. Furthermore, MHCII was established as one of the most sensitive markers for any DC of hematopoietic origin. These results increase our understanding of DC immunolabeling and will help in future DC studies of both healthy and diseased tissues.
Application of the submodeling technique to the analysis of the edge effects of composite laminates
Authors: Romera Jesús María , Cantera María Asunción , Adarraga Itziar , Mujika Faustino
Published: March 2013

This study deals with the edge effects in angle-ply composite laminates subjected to tensile test. The submodeling technique is used to achieve the numerical results. In a first step, a [45/–45]s laminated strip is studied, comparing the results with the previous approaches. The fulfilment of equilibrium equations by the stresses obtained numerically is studied to delimit the zone with inaccurate results due to the singularity of the problem. Antisymmetric configurations are analyzed enclosing the validity of the numerical results near the edges to the limits previously obtained. The aspect ratio and the orientation angle have been varied to analyze their effect.
South African Adolescents’ Constructions of Intimacy in Romantic Relationships
Authors: Lesch Elmien , Furphy Claire
Published: March 2013

Localized understandings of adolescent romantic relationships are needed to expand our knowledge of the diversity of adolescent romantic experiences and to challenge negative discourses of adolescent heterosexual relationships. This study explored the constructions of intimacy of 20 adolescent men and women in romantic relationships from one low-income community in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. Using Charmaz’s constructivist grounded theory method, we found that our participants reproduced dominant romantic and gender discourses in their intimacy constructions within a community context of limited and limiting discourses. We argue that they could benefit from alternative discourses, more opportunities to interact privately and intimately with their partners, and to reflect on and articulate their romantic relationship experiences.
Randomly amplified polymorphic-DNA analysis for detecting genotoxic effects of Boron on maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Sakcali M Serdal , Kekec Guzin , Uzonur Irem , Alpsoy Lokman , Tombuloglu Huseyin
Published: March 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the genotoxic effect of boron (B) on maize using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method. Experimental design was conducted under 0, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 125, and 150 ppm B exposures, and physiological changes have revealed a sharp decrease in root growth rates from 28% to 85%, starting from 25 ppm to 150 ppm, respectively. RAPD-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis shows that DNA alterations are clearly observed from beginning to 100 ppm. B-induced inhibition in root growth had a positive correlation with DNA alterations. Total soluble protein, root and stem lengths, and B content analysis in root and leaves encourage these results as a consequence. These preliminary findings reveal that B causes chromosomal aberration and genotoxic effects on maize. Meanwhile, usage of RAPD-PCR technique is a suitable biomarker to detect genotoxic effect of B on maize and other crops for the future.
Should Readmission Within 30 Days After Discharge of Children Hospitalized for a Neurologic Disorder Be Considered a Quality Assurance Failure?
Authors: Allred Elizabeth , An Sookee , Leviton Alan , Loddenkemper Tobias , McCrave Jennifer , Nichol Sarena Michell
Published: March 2013

The Affordable Care Act penalizes hospitals with high readmission rates. Children’s hospitals are not yet among these hospitals, although that is likely to change. Because chronic neurologic conditions represent a sizable proportion of all children’s hospitals costs, and because some/many of the readmissions might not be easily prevented, children’s hospitals and neurologists who care for children might be inappropriately penalized for some readmissions. We encourage more study to identify the correlates of readmission of children who have a neurologic disorder.
Mitochondrial Disease
Authors: Sofou Kalliopi
Published: March 2013

Mitochondrial diseases represent a genetically and clinically heterogeneous group of inherited metabolic disorders, often resulting in poor functional and survival outcomes for the patient and considerable psychosocial distress for the caregiver. The systematic review undertaken in the present paper emphasizes the critical role of the caregiver in the management of a child with mitochondrial disease, with focus on the burden of mitochondrial disease on the caregiver, the family, and society.
Transmission system accuracy optimum allocation for multiaxis machine tools’ scheme design
Authors: Sarina  , Zhang Shuyou , Xu Jinghua
Published: March 2013

Transmission components are the main mechanical elements in a machine system, the accuracy level of the transmission system is one of the major sources of the machining error of multiaxis machine tools. This article investigates motion error analysis, volumetric motion error model for transmission system and the accuracy allocation method for multiaxis machine tools during the early design stage. For this purpose, a transmission system volumetric motion error model, which is based on the motion error matrix and screw theory, is derived for mapping transmission components’ error parameters to the volumetric motion errors of machine tools. The volumetric motion error matrix combines motion errors along the machine tools’ kinematic chains. Subsequently, the volumetric motion error model is expressed as a volumetric motion error twist, which is formulated from the volumetric motion error matrix. Additionally, the transmission system volumetric motion error twist model is used as design criteria for accuracy optimum allocation, with constraints on the twist magnitude and design variable limits. Then, design optimization is performed by using a multiobjective nonlinear optimization technique to minimize the manufacturing cost and volumetric motion error twist pitch. To solve this multiple objective optimum problem, this study proposes an approach integrating Lagrange multiplier and gradient descent operator with non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II). Modified non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II searches for an allocation scheme Pareto optimal front. Consequently, VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) determines the best compromise solution from the Pareto set. Finally, a numerical experiment for the optimal design of a numerical control machine tool is conducted, which highlights the advantages of the proposed methodology.
Shape optimization of a general bypass duct for tone noise reduction using continuous adjoint method
Authors: Qiu S , Song WB , Liu H
Published: March 2013

A novel continuous adjoint-based acoustic propagation method is proposed for low-noise turbofan duct design. A fan bypass duct tonal noise propagation model that is verified by comparison with an analytical solution of the modal radiation from a semi-infinite duct with the shear layer is enhanced with its continuous adjoint formulation, having been applied to design the bypass duct. First, this article presents the complete formulation of the time-dependent optimal design problem. Second, a continuous adjoint-based acoustic propagation method for two-dimensional bypass duct configurations is derived and presented. This article aims at describing the potential of the adjoint technique for aeroacoustic shape optimization. The implementation of the unsteady aeroacoustic adjoint method is validated by comparing the sensitivity derivative with that obtained by finite differences. Using a continuous adjoint formulation, the necessary aerodynamic gradient information is obtained with large computational savings over traditional finite-difference methods. The examples presented demonstrate that the combination of a continuous-adjoint algorithm with a noise prediction method can be an efficient design tool in the bypass duct noise design problem.
A review of energy consumption, management, and recovery in automotive systems, with considerations of future trends
Authors: Chiara Fabio , Canova Marcello
Published: March 2013

In response to the current and future energy and environment challenges, the automotive industry is strongly focusing on improving the fuel efficiency of vehicles. Although the electrification of automotive powertrains is clearly the principal path towards sustainable transportation, many opportunities still exist to improve the fuel economy of conventional vehicles. However, some of the technical solutions representing the state of the art in research and advanced development are difficult to benchmark in terms of their potential benefits for fuel consumption improvement. A greater understanding of the fuel energy utilization on the vehicle (here intended as a ‘system’ ) is therefore necessary in order to identify the readily available opportunities for efficiency improvements and, ultimately, to develop automobiles which are more fuel efficient. To this extent, this paper presents a review of the state of the art and technology trends in the field of energy management and recovery for automotive systems, with the primary focus on conventional powertrains. An understanding of the fuel energy utilization and dissipation associated with the vehicle subsystems (the engine, transmission, and chassis) is provided, as well as an overview of the opportunities and potential challenges in improving the fuel economy through system-level energy management, recovery, and harvesting. Finally, an overview of the most important solutions for managing energy dissipation, energy recovery, and harvesting is presented, discussing their potential for fuel economy improvement, technical readiness, and challenges. Wherever possible, projections on fuel economy improvements, based on either experimental data or simulations, are reported to provide opportunity for the assessment and comparison of current and future technologies.
Improving the dependability of DC point machines with a novel condition monitoring system
Authors: Asada Tomotsugu , Roberts Clive
Published: March 2013

This paper develops a new approach for fault detection and diagnosis for electric DC point machines operated on the railways in the UK. It is shown that the electric current is an appropriate parameter to acquire and analyse for DC point machine condition monitoring. The new methodology for fault detection and diagnosis proposed in this paper utilises wavelet transforms and support vector machines. It is shown that this method can detect and diagnose faults to a high degree of accuracy and can provide an indication of the severity of the faults.
Evaluation of track geometry maintenance for a heavy haul railroad in Sweden: A case study
Authors: khouy Iman Arasteh , Schunnesson Håkan , Juntti Ulla , Nissen Arne , Larsson-Kråik Per-Olof
Published: March 2013

The measurement and improvement of track quality are key issues in determining both the restoration time and cost of railway maintenance. Applying the optimal tamping strategy helps reduce maintenance costs, making operations more cost-effective and leading to increased safety and passenger comfort. In this paper, track geometry data from the iron ore line (Malmbanan) in northern Sweden, which handles both passenger and freight trains, are used to evaluate track geometry maintenance in a cold climate. The paper describes Trafikverket’s (Swedish Transport Administration) tamping strategy and evaluates its effectiveness in measuring, reporting and improving track quality. Finally, it evaluates the performance of the maintenance contractor and discusses the importance of the functional requirements stated in the outsourcing contracts.
Integrated series active filter with reduced capacitance requirements for variable frequency aerospace systems
Authors: Ganthony D , Bingham CM , Schofield N
Published: March 2013

This article considers the design and development of an integrated series active filter with a front-end consisting of a standard 6-pulse bridge rectifier to satisfy power supply harmonic standards for aerospace actuation and other dynamic and passive loads. Unlike previously reported fixed frequency solutions for enhancing power quality (typically based around 18- to 24-pulse TRUs for this application sector), the proposed converter reported here can be applied to non-ideal, non-stiff, frequency wild (380–800 Hz) supplies. Specifically, the proposed converter is shown to satisfy key harmonic limits over the full 380–800 Hz range of supply frequency variation, be robust to significant distortion in the input supply voltage waveform and have reduced capacitance requirements. Experimental results on a 2.5 kW converter are used to demonstrate the underlying harmonic attenuation provided by the prototype system, coupled with control robustness to significant input voltage distortion. The realisation of such power converter solutions that can accommodate variable frequency input supplies provides the opportunity to eliminate the complex hydraulic gearbox stages normally employed within aircraft generators to regulate electrical supply frequency when subject to engine speed variations.
Function of the liver and bile ducts in humans exposed to lead
Authors: Kasperczyk A , Dziwisz M , Ostałowska A , Świętochowska E , Birkner E
Published: March 2013

Lead is very common in the environment, and it is therefore important to characterize its possible adverse health effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of lead exposure on selected functions of the liver and bile ducts in people who are chronically exposed to the metal because of their occupations. To provide this information, the activity of specific enzymes and the bilirubin concentration were determined in blood serum, and morphological parameters of the liver and bile ducts were evaluated using the ultrasonic imaging method. Healthy male employees of a lead–zinc processing facility ( n = 145) who were occupationally exposed to lead were divided into two subgroups as a function of the lead concentrations in blood (PbB): low lead exposure (PbB = 20–35 μg/dl; n = 57) and high lead exposure (PbB = 35–60 μg/dl; n = 88). Human exposure to lead compounds was found to cause liver enlargement and to activate inflammatory reactions with the characteristics of moderate cholestasis within the bile ducts, while no characteristics of necrotic damage of hepatic cells were noted. It seems that lipid peroxidation can be one of the toxic mechanisms of lead which induce moderate cholestasis. The effects depend on the extent of the lead exposure and were greater in subjects with higher exposure levels, particularly subjects with PbB values greater than 35 μg/dl.
From immediacy to intermediacy: The mediation of lived time
Authors: Keightley Emily
Published: March 2013

This article argues that claims of time in late-modernity collapsing or becoming irretrievably accelerated do not sufficiently account for the range of experiences of time that are supported in a media-saturated culture. Achieving this requires an empirical and conceptual shift. Research on the domestication of media technologies provides an initial empirical framework for this kind of exploration, but as well as rhythmic practices and processes of media use, experiences of time involves the imaginative and symbolic provisions of the media. Using Bergson’s concept of the zone of indeterminacy, the mediation of time will be considered as occurring in zones of intermediacy. This conceptual tool allows an exploration of the relational nature of temporal experience and the active negotiation of various mediated temporalities that this involves.
Time triage: Exploring the temporal strategies that support entrepreneurship and motherhood
Authors: Carrigan Marylyn , Duberley Joanne
Published: March 2013

Women who are both mothers and paid workers are often represented as facing intractable temporal conflicts ( Maher, 2009 ; Thompson, 1996 ) as they struggle to synchronize organizational work demands with family needs. Despite this, increasing numbers of women are entering the workplace, many of whom are setting up their own business with the intention of realizing the benefits of temporal flexibility that entrepreneurship supposedly bestows ( DeMartino and Barbato, 2003 ). In this article we examine the experiences of one particular subset of women entrepreneurs – those for whom starting a business coincides with having children. The article utilizes a qualitative methodology involving 20 interviews with women entrepreneurs. The metaphor of triage is employed to explore the ways in which women entrepreneurs allocate their time and how they experience the process of allocation. The article concludes by discussing how, although many of our interviewees found the experience of self-employment liberating, the time pressures that women face and the continued lack of value given to their contribution, both economically and socially, can create huge conflicts.
Time against time: Normative temporalities and the failure of community labour in Local Exchange Trading Schemes
Authors: Cooper Davina
Published: March 2013

Why did Local Exchange and Trading Schemes (LETS) fail to realise their promise in 1990s Britain? This article argues that a core reason was the inability to make community labour, a concept at the heart of LETS logic, function as a self-perpetuating dynamic, in which community bonding would encourage trade and trade in turn would build community. In exploring reasons for this failure, the article focuses on the centrifugal pull of two contrasting temporalities: community time and labour-market time. And in understanding why these two, normative, temporal orders were unable to combine, cohere or simply to coexist, the article addresses three factors: failure in design; individual member responsibility; and wider temporal pressures.
The many faces of social time: A sociological approach
Authors: Cipriani Roberto
Published: March 2013

Do all clocks and calendars refer to the same time? EE Evans-Pritchard reported that the Nuer culture divided time into ‘ecological’ and structural temporal categories. Alheit made a distinction between everyday, routinized, cyclical time and life-experience time.

Time is capable of devouring everything; it can reach beyond what has already been; it can sunder itself from the past, without turning back.

Social time has many facets: it may be very short, short, long or very long. Immobility within life space, as time passes, is tantamount to continuous change in space and time. Finally, a categorization of time might be founded on four modalities: micro-time, meso-time, macro-time, mega-time.
Living in a Culture of Overwork
Authors: Bourne Kristina A. , Forman Pamela J.
Published: March 2013

This ethnographic study of women business owners questions whether the flexibility their occupation affords is truly an advantage to balancing work and other aspects of life. Drawing on Weber’s ideal types of social action, our analysis suggests that flexibility favors work. Instrumental rationality is evidenced when the participants position their work patterns as a good use of time. We introduce the concept working lightly to show how they use affective and value rationalities as justifications for working during nonwork times (e.g., it’s a way to feel good in the long run). We also develop the concept of working lite, which is when they invoke traditional rationality by melding habits associated with relaxation and work tasks (e.g., working while watching television). Finally, we show how our findings extend the critique of flexibility in the work-life literature.