bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE CLEVERNESS OF CROWDS
Authors: Vaughan Williams Leighton
Published: August 2020

What is it to be wise? An online search for dictionary definitions of the word ‘Wisdom’ reveals the following example: “The ability to use your experience and knowledge in order to make sensible decisions or judgments” (Collins Cobuild English Dictionary, 2003).  A second example is the following: “The ability to discern or judge what is true, right, or lasting; insight” (American Heritage Dictionary, 2009). As a final example: “Knowledge of what is true or right coupled with just judgment as to action; sagacity, discernment, or insight” (Dictionary.com, 2009). There are plenty of dictionaries to skim, but I believe these definitions pretty much sum up what people usually mean when they use the word ‘Wisdom’. The definitions highlighted above are not identical, of course. It might, for example, be sensible from the point of view of a jury wanting to go home to make a hasty and ill-considered decision about the defendant’s guilt, but does this make their action wise? In this example, the jury may indeed be acting wisely in their immediate personal interests but can we justifiably describe their behaviour as wise in a greater context?
ADAPTIVE DRIFT MODELING OF DYNAMIC COINTEGRATED TIME SERIES: APPLICATIONS IN FINANCIAL AND SPORTS GAMBLING MARKETS
Authors: Mallios William
Published: August 2020

Cointegrated time processes are viewed graphically in terms of candlestick charts in finance and sports and modeled dynamically in terms of adaptive drift procedures. Forecasts focus on active equity trading, betting against the bookmakers’ lines in sports and assessing trading/betting risks. Modeling premises are that (1) markets fluctuate between periods of efficiency and inefficiency and that (2) during inefficient periods, present and past disequilibria (shocks) have dynamic effects on subsequent price changes/game outcomes. Sports forecasting incorporates the added effects of the lines and lagged gambling shocks. Forecasts are in terms of reduced, higher order, ARMA-type processes that drift to accommodate evolving market conditions. Risk assessment is in terms of adaptive GARCH modeling. Modeling applications are with reference to the Great Depression and NFL playoff games.
SHORT-SELLING IN PREDICTION MARKETS
Authors: Teschner Florian , Coblenz Maximilian , Weinhardt Christof
Published: August 2020

Macroeconomic forecasts are used extensively in industry and government even though the historical accuracy and reliability is questionable. We design a market for economic derivatives that aggregates macro-economic information. The market generated forecasts compare well to the Bloomberg- survey forecasts, the industry standard.It is an ongoing debate in finance whether short selling has positive or negative effects on market efficiency. We discuss how short selling can be implemented in such markets. Using an event-study approach we find that introducing short selling further improves forecast accuracy. By allowing traders to short sell, mispricing is reduced and hence market forecasts are closer to actual macro economic outcome. Furthermore, we find short selling lowers quoted spreads, a measure for market uncertainty.
HOW PREDICTION MARKETS HELP US UNDERSTAND EVENTS` IMPACT ON THE VOTE IN US PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS
Authors: Arnesen Sveinung
Published: August 2020

In this paper we argue that pre-election polls and prediction markets reflect two different processes which, by analyzing them together, can help us understand if and how key events which occur during an election campaign influence the final outcome. While polls can be seen as reflecting the voters’ enlightening process towards realizing their vote preferences, prediction markets have this process incorporated into their prediction. We study the movements of weekly poll ratings and IEM market predictions and measure the impact selected events have on these in the run-up to the US 2004 and 2008 presidential elections. We conclude that the Swift Boat ad campaign in 2004 was an enlightening event which moved poll ratings in favor of President Bush, towards the level the IEM market had predicted already before the Swift Boat event. The financial crisis in 2008, on the other hand, was an enlightened event. It came as news to both market traders and poll respondents, sealing the victory for Obama.The paper has previously been presented at the Third International Conference on Prediction and Information Markets, April 3-5 2011, Nottingham Business School.
DO POLLS OR MARKETS FORECAST BETTER? EVIDENCE FROM THE 2010 US SENATE ELECTIONS
Authors: Vaughan Williams Leighton , Saville Blake , Stekler Herman
Published: August 2020

In this paper, we seek to examine how well prediction markets performed, compared to opinion polls, in forecasting the outcome of the 2010 US Senate elections. Prediction markets are speculative or betting markets created or employed for the purpose of aggregating information and making predictions. To do this, we used data from the 2010 US Senate election campaigns, comparing the performance of an established prediction market with opinion polls. Overall we found no significant difference in the forecasting ability of the polls and prediction markets in the Senate races under examination.
PREDICTING HORSE RACE WINNERS THROUGH A REGULARIZED CONDITIONAL LOGISTIC REGRESSION WITH FRAILTY
Authors: Silverman Noah , Suchard Marc
Published: August 2020

Conditional logistic regression has remained a mainstay in predicting horse racing out- comes since the 1980’s. In this paper, we propose and apply novel modifications of the regression model to include parameter regularization and a frailty contribution that exploits winning dividends.  Additionally, the entire model was fit using state-of-the art parallelization methods on commodity graphical processing units. (GPU) The model is trained using 4 years of horse racing data from Hong Kong, and then tested on a hold-out year of races. Simulated betting produces a return on investment significantly higher than any other published methods involving Hong Kong races.
Analyzing Information Efficiency in the Betting Market for Association Football League Winners
Authors: Hvattum Lars Magnus
Published: August 2020

Sports betting markets have attracted a fair amount of research over the years. For association football, most of this research has focused on predicting the outcome of single matches and hence on the evaluating the efficiency of the match results betting markets. This paper presents a study on the betting market for league winners, a market that operates for almost a full year and therefore operates under different conditions than the relatively short-lived match results markets. Attempts are made to analyze both weak and semi-strong forms of information efficiency. Although the results are mixed, there are some indications that the market is inefficient with respect to both forms of information.
Market Efficiency and Profitability of Technical Trading Rules: Evidence from Vietnam
Authors: Metghalchi Massoud
Published: August 2020

Market Efficiency and Profitability of Technical Trading Rules: Evidence from Vietnam Abstract            We apply several well-known and popular technical indicators to the daily data for the Vietnam Ho Chi Minh stock index (VSI) from 5/15/2002 to October 31 of 2012.  The empirical results strongly support the predictive power of technical trading rules; these strong results also hold for each sub-period analyzed. Further, we ask whether a trader can use the predictive power of technical analysis to beat the profitability of the buy-and-hold strategy considering both transaction costs and risk.  Designing four strategies of various trading rules, we conclude that it is possible to beat the buy-and-hold strategy even considering transaction costs and risk.
The “Large-Firm” Effect? Bettor Preferences and Market Prices in NCAA Football
Authors: Paul Rodney , Weinbach Andrew P. , Higger Eric
Published: August 2020

Abstract: NCAA football has a clear classification of “large” (AQ) and “small” (non-AQ) conferences.  This setting lends itself to the testing of the “small-firm” effect found in financial markets in the college football betting market.  The “small-firm” effect occurs when small cap firms outperform large cap firms; typically attributed to difficulty and costs in finding information on small firms.  In college football, AQ-teams win more than implied by efficiency against non-AQ teams.  At the same time, AQ teams receive a disproportionate share of bets on these games.  The likely rationale behind these findings is the incentives created by the BCS system which leads the point spread to not be a true random variable within this market.
Schutzpflichtverletzungen
Authors: Prange Mattias
Published: August 2020

Die Arbeit thematisiert dogmatische Grundlagen zu den Voraussetzungen einer rechtsgeschäftsähnlichen Haftungsgrundlage und den Schutzpflichten innerhalb einer Sonderverbindung. Dabei gelingt es dem Autor, die bestehende Schutzpflichtendogmatik sinnvoll zusammenzuführen und fortzuentwickeln, indem er seinen Fokus auf die trilaterale Beziehung der Beteiligten bei verbundenen Verträgen richtet. Aufbauend auf dem Verständnis des Zivilrechts als Rechtszuweisungsordnung präzisiert der Autor diese Lehre mit Elementen der Rechtskreisöffnung und bereichert die seit langem bestehende Diskussion mit neuen Aspekten.
Beteiligung der Kommune am Insolvenzverfahren
Authors: Schmittmann Jens M.
Published: August 2020

Gemeinden und Kreise können Insolvenzgläubiger, Massegläubiger und auch Schuldner in einem Insolvenzverfahren sein.

Die Kommunen müssen sich oft als Anfechtungsgegner mit den verschiedensten Problemen der Insolvenzanfechtung und deren rechtlichen Folgen befassen.
Zuweilen sind sie sogar veranlasst, selbst einen Insolvenzantrag gegen einen Schuldner der Gemeinde zu stellen, wobei nicht auszuschließen ist, dass dieser Schuldner ein ausländisches Unternehmen oder die Niederlassung eines ausländischen Schuldners ist.
Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeiter einer Kommune müssen sich mit den Bestimmungen der deutschen Insolvenzordnung, gegebenenfalls auch mit den Vorschriften des Europäischen Insolvenzrechtes zu Insolvenztypischen Sachverhalten und Verfahrensabläufen vertraut machen.
Die Darstellung Beteiligung der Kommune am Insolvenzverfahren ist eine Handreichung für den kommunalen Praktiker und vermittelt Kommunen einen Überblick über die Grundzüge des Insolvenzrechts.
Die Neuauflage zeichnet sich insbesondere dadurch aus, daß die Restrukturierungsrichtlinie der EU umfassend dargestellt ist, die innerhalb der nächsten zwei Jahre von den nationalen Gesetzgebern umzusetzen ist. Weiterhin sind die landesrechtlichen Vorschriften auf den neuesten Stand gebracht worden sowie die Rechtsprechung auf den Stand Oktober 2019.

Prof. Dr. Jens M. Schmittmann ist Rechtsanwalt und Steuerberater und lehrt an der FOM Hochschule für Oekonomie und Management, Essen.
Schulsportentwicklung
Authors: Serwe Esther
Published: August 2020

Das zentrale Forschungsinteresse dieser Arbeit ist gerichtet auf die hermeneutische Aufarbeitung des aktuellen Diskurses um "Schulentwicklung", ihre gesellschaftlich-politischen Hintergründe, ihre Reformstrategien und ihre Konsequenzen. Aus einer (sport-)pädagogischen Perspektive wird untersucht, wie diese Modernisierungsprozesse innerhalb des Bildungswesens für die spezifische Situation des Fachs Sport einzuschätzen sind. Die "Schulsportentwicklung" als junges Forschungsfeld wird hinsichtlich ihres Standortes zur Schulentwicklung differenzierter betrachtet. In theoretisch-konstruktiver Herangehensweise werden einzelne "weiße Flecken" der Schulsportentwicklungsforschung aufgezeigt und erste Ansätze zur weiteren Bearbeitung skizziert.

Diese Forschungsarbeit soll neuartige Zugänge fachwissenschaftlicher Forschungsarbeiten zur Schulsportentwicklung bieten.
Tägliche Sportstunde an Grundschulen in NRW
Authors: Thiele Jörg , Seyda Miriam , Bräutigam Michael , Burrmann Ulrike , Serwe Esther
Published: August 2020

Dieses Buch beschreibt den Prozess und die Ergebnisse des von der Universität Dortmund wissenschaftlich begleiteten Pilotprojekts "Tägliche Sportstunde an Grundschulen in NRW", in dem versucht wurde, auf der Basis einer breit angelegten Längsschnittstudie unterschiedliche Veränderungen genauer in den Blick zu nehmen. Dabei interessieren die Entwicklungsverläufe der Schülerinnen und Schüler ebenso wie die Entwicklungsverläufe, die die beteiligten Schulen nehmen, wenn es zur systematischen Ausweitung der Bewegungszeiten kommt. Die wissenschaftliche Begleitung nahm also die beteiligten Akteure ebenso in den Blick wie die Institution Schule.
Macht Judo Kinder stark?
Authors: Liebl Sebastian
Published: August 2020

Die Studie „Macht Judo Kinder stark?“ untersuchte über ein Schuljahr hinweg Wirkungen von Judo im Schulsport auf physische und psychosoziale Ressourcen. Hierbei wurden durch die systematische Verknüpfung einer quantitativen Längsschnittstudie und einer qualitativen Querschnittstudie sowohl objektiv messbare als auch subjektiv empfundene Wirkungen berücksichtigt.

Die quantitativen und qualitativen Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Kinder mit Judo v. a. ihre Kraftfähigkeit verbessern können. Die qualitativen Resultate weisen zudem auf gute Rahmenbedingungen für die (positive) Beeinflussung von psychosozialen Ressourcen hin. Die quantitativen Ergebnisse zur Selbstwirksamkeit zeigen jedoch nur deskriptiv Zuwächse und keine signifikanten Veränderungen. Und die widersprüchlichen Resultate im Bereich der Empathie verdeutlichen den weiteren Forschungsbedarf.
Mentales Training - Anwendungsperspektiven im Schulsport
Authors: Gröger Eva , Stöckel Tino
Published: August 2020

Einstellungsprobleme, Motivations- und Antriebslosigkeit, Angst und Stress oder Aufmerksamkeitsdefizite sind nur einige Problembereiche, denen Sportlehrer täglich ausgesetzt sind und welche die sportliche, aber auch die erzieherische Ausbildung im Schulsport erheblich erschweren. Umso wichtiger ist es, dass auch Sportlehrer ein Hilfsmittel an die Hand bekommen, mit dem sie ihre Schüler mental fördern können. Die psychologischen Inhalte und Übungen in diesem Buch sind speziell für die Nutzung in heterogenen Gruppen wie im Schulsport aufbereitet.
Die NRW-Sportschule
Authors: Breithecker Jennifer
Published: August 2020

Weltmeister werden und die Schule schaffen - nur wie?!? Die Vereinbarkeit von Schule und Leistungssport steht auch im Zuge moderner Schulentwicklungsprozesse in der Diskussion. Durch die Einrichtung sportprofilierter Schulkonzepte, wie die NRW-Sportschule, soll die Mehrfachbelastung aus schulischen, sportlichen und persönlichen Anforderungen für sportlich talentierte Heranwachsende ausbalanciert werden. Ziel ist es, Belastungen möglichst gering zu halten und eine gesunde Persönlichkeitsentwicklung sicherzustellen. Doch gelingt es Verbundsystemen Schule-Leistungssport bestmögliche Rahmenbedingungen zu schaffen, um junge Talente nachhaltig und ganzheitlich in ihrer Sport- und Bildungskarriere zu fördern? Im Rahmen einer dreijährigen Evaluationsstudie wird der Effektivität einer NRW-Sportschule unter Betrachtung chronischer Stressbelastungen und der Selbstkonzeptentwicklung von Sportprofilklassenschülern im Vergleich zu Regelschülern nachgegangen. Das Dissertationsprojekt wird bis heute fortgeführt.
»Nachdenklichkeit bleib stets bei mir«
Authors: von Lossau Christine
Published: August 2020

Since ancient times, the melancholy of thinkers, writers and artists has been declared as both a thorn in their side and a source of their creative inspiration. This book reveals that, in his works, Hugo von Hofmannsthal draws on representations and evaluations of this phenomenon, which stem from a historical discourse that lasted over 2500 years. This collection of depictions and appraisals sheds light on the idea of melancholy being both inspirational and destructive in terms of artistic output. This study focuses on groundbreaking texts by Robert Burton, John Milton and Walter Benjamin as well as melancholic protagonists and peripheral characters, who appear in the guise of Hamlet, Pierrot and misanthropes. Melancholy can also be found in pictures and gestures, which Hofmannsthal’s texts, particularly his numerous textual fragments, draw on. Consequently, this study highlights a network of cross-medium and intertextual relations between literature, the fine arts and dance, which convey the ambiguous nature of melancholy.

This book was awarded the Gerhart Baumann Prize in 2019.
Ionic Liquid-Based Gel Polymer Electrolytes for Application in Rechargeable Lithium Batteries
Authors: Gupta Himani , K. Singh Rajendra
Published: August 2020

Depleting fossil fuels has put pressing need for the search of alternative energy resources. Solar and wind energy resources are being considered one of the viable solutions. However, these intermittent sources require efficient energy storage systems in terms of rechargeable Li batteries. In Li batteries, electrolyte is one of the most important components to determine the performance, as it conducts the ions between the electrodes. In battery, mostly liquid electrolyte is used as it shows high ionic conductivity and electrode/electrolyte contact which help to reduce the internal resistance. But these are not electrochemically very stable and raised some major problems such as reactivity with electrode, dissolution of electrode ions, leakage, volatility, fast Li dendrite growth, etc. Therefore, in order to improve its electrochemical performance, selection of electrolyte is an important issue. In the present study, ionic liquid (IL)-based polymer electrolyte is used over liquid electrolyte in which IL acts as a plasticizer and improves ionic conductivity and amorphicity. These electrolytes have high thermal and electrochemical stability, therefore, can be used in high voltage Li battery. Also, their mechanical stability helps to suppress Li dendrites growth. Therefore, polymer electrolytes can open a new way in the progression of battery application.
Intrathecal Morphine Is Associated with Less Delirium Following Hip Fracture Surgery: A Register Study
Authors: Koning Mark Vincent , van der Sijp Max , Stolker Robert Jan , Niggebrugge Arthur
Published: August 2020

Background: Delirium is a common complication after proximal femoral fracture surgery, with pain and opioid consumption as the contributing factors. The administration of intrathecal morphine may decrease these factors postoperatively and potentially reduce delirium. Objectives: This research aimed to study the association between the use of intrathecal morphine and the occurrence of delirium. Methods: A retrospective analysis of a prospective register kept in a non-academic hospital in the Netherlands was performed. The register contained data of all patients with proximal femur fractures that were surgically treated with osteosynthesis or prosthesis. Patients receiving spinal anesthesia (SA group) were compared with patients receiving spinal anesthesia with the addition of intrathecal morphine (SIM group). The administration of either SA or SIM was based on the preference of the anesthesiologist. The primary outcome was the incidence of delirium, as defined by the DSM-V classification. The follow-up lasted until hospital discharge. Both univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Results: The SA group consisted of 451 patients, and the SIM group included 34 patients. Delirium occurred in 19.7% in the SA group versus 5.9% in the SIM group (P = 0.046). This association remained significant after correction in multivariate analysis (OR of delirium in the SA group, 95% CI: 1.062 - 21.006, P = 0.041). Additionally, multivariate analysis revealed that age, gender, preoperative cognitive impairment, and fracture treatment (osteosynthesis or prosthesis) were independently associated with delirium. Conclusions: This retrospective study found an independent association between the use of intrathecal morphine and a lower incidence of delirium. This clinically relevant decrease in delirium should be studied in a prospective randomized study.
The Epidemiological Assessment of Lifestyle Impact on Childhood and Adolescence Psychiatric Disorders in Kohgiloyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran
Authors: Ostovar Rahim , Yadegari Nourrollah , Mohammadi Mohammad Reza , Khaleghi Ali , Mostafav Seyed-Ali , Dousti Majid , Angha Parvin
Published: August 2020

Background: Children and adolescents are potentially at risk of different psychiatric disorders, and it is important to consider their health, especially their mental health. Objectives: We aimed to design a cross-sectional study to investigate the association between lifestyle-related components with the psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents in Kohgiloyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province (Iran) and to determine its association with different lifestyle-related variables. Methods: In this study, about 1000 children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years in Kohgiloyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province were selected using stratified cluster random sampling. The reliable Persian version of Kiddie-Sads-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) and the Life Style Questionnaire (LSQ) were instructed using interviewing with participants by our clinical psychologists or, if they were under 14 years, with their parents. Besides, demographic data (i.e., gender, age, location, race, nation, and religion) of participants were also collected. Results: The results showed that, except for the physical activity and well-being, other remaining factors have a significant correlation with psychiatric disorders (P < 0.05). The exact p-value for each factor was as follow: physical health (P = 0.007), sports and well-being (P = 0.057), weight control and nutrition (P = 0.001), prevention of diseases (P = 0.04), mental health-cognitive (P = 0.05), spiritual health (P = 0.008), social health (P = 0.05), drug avoidance (P = 0.001), accident prevention (P = 0.02), and environmental health (P = 0.001). Also, we found that the overall effect of lifestyle was significantly associated with children and adolescent mental disorders (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Our findings show a significant role for lifestyle in the children and adolescents psychiatric disorders. So it should be considered in more detail in future studies.
Subvertendo a ordem: resistência operária entre os têxteis na década de 1950
Authors: Araújo Jormana Maria
Published: August 2020

Este artigo analisa as lutas do operariado têxtil cearense, especialmente da Fábrica Santa Cecília, num período de recrudescimento da disciplina e ritmos de trabalho, durante os anos de 1950. Para isso me amparo na História Social do Trabalho, problematizando a escrita subversiva inscrita no jornal comunista O Democrata, em que defendo que o operariado têxtil buscou construir um projeto alternativo de industrialização no Ceará, que levasse em conta a dignidade do trabalhador, expressa em direitos sociais e do trabalho. Em meio à infrapolítica dos grupos subordinados, a classe trabalhadora enfrentou as pressões do mercado e patrões, de forma quase sempre oculta, e por vezes, de modo público e brutal. Palavras-chave: Artes da Resistência e Sociedade. Indústria Têxtil. Direitos e Lutas Sociais. Trabalhadores - Ceará.
Enumerating Grid Layouts of Graphs
Authors: Damaschke Peter
Published: August 2020

We study algorithms that generate layouts of graphs with $n$ vertices in a
square grid with $\nu$ points, where adjacent vertices in the graph are also
close in the grid. The problem is motivated by graph drawing and factory layout
planning. In the latter application, vertices represent machines, and edges
join machines that should be placed next to each other. Graphs admitting a grid
layout where all edges have unit length are known as partial grid graphs. Their
recognition is NP-hard already in very restricted cases. However, the moderate
number of machines in practical instances suggests the use of exact algorithms
that may even enumerate the possible layouts to choose from. We start with an
elementary $n^{O(\sqrt{n})}$ time algorithm, but then we argue that even
simpler exponential branching algorithms are more usable for practical sizes
$n$, although being asymptotically worse. One algorithm interpolates between
obvious $O^*(3^n)$ time and $O^*(4^{\nu})$ time for graphs with many small
connected components. It can be modified in order to accommodate also a limited
number of edges that can exceed unit length. Next we show that connected graphs
have at most $2.9241^n$ grid layouts that can also be efficiently enumerated. An $O^*(2.6458^n)$ time branching algorithm solves the recognition problem, or
yields a succinct enumeration of layouts with some surcharge on the time bound.
In terms of the grid size we get a slightly better $O^*(2.6208^{\nu})$ time
bound. Moreover, if we can identify a subgraph that is rigid, i.e., admits only
one layout up to congruence, then all possible layouts of the entire graph are
extensions of this unique layout, such that the combinatorial explosion is then
confined to the rest of the graph. Therefore we also propose heuristic methods
for finding certain types of large rigid subgraphs. The formulations of these
results is more technical, however, the proposed method iteratively generates
certain rigid subgraphs from smaller ones.
Effets des déplacements institutionnels récents sur la pratique théologique d’une faculté inscrite dans une université publique
Authors: Routhier Gilles
Published: August 2020

Les institutions de formation de théologie au Québec ont connu plusieurs mutations au cours de la dernière décennie. Le présent article veut réfléchir aux effets de ces déplacements sur la théologie pratiquée dans les universités publiques. Certes, les évolutions sociales, ecclésiales, culturelles et universitaires sont probablement plus déterminantes sur l’évolution de la discipline, mais il ne faut pas négliger non plus d’observer les effets des déplacements institutionnels. Dans ce contexte, il faut nous demander comment construire un avenir à la théologie universitaire au Québec.
Periodistas y gabinetes de comunicación: una relación a debate
Authors: Vergara Isabel , Vilaró Dani
Published: August 2020

¿Cuáles son las prácticas clave para generar un clima de confianza mutuo y buenos flujos de comunicación entre un gabinete de prensa y un medio de comunicación? Sobre esta cuestión clave en la comunicación corporativa invitamos a debatir a los alumnos de la asignatura de Relaciones con los medios del máster de Comunicación Corporativa, Protocolo y Eventos de la UOC.
Abuelo, ¿por qué somos 'freelance'?
Authors: Gago Sonia
Published: August 2020

La pregunta se la hizo Jorge Martínez a Toni Segarra en el primer encuentro presencial del nuevo Máster Universitario de Estrategia y Creatividad en Publicidad de la Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC), que inició docencia el día 17 de octubre. ¿Qué respuestas tienen estos dos creativos publicitarios sobre la situación del sector y del talento publicitario?
The nucleosome DNA entry-exit site is important for transcription termination and prevention of pervasive transcription
Authors: Hildreth A Elizabeth , Ellison Mitchell A , Francette Alex M , Seraly Julia M , Lotka Lauren M , Arndt Karen M
Published: August 2020

Compared to other stages in the RNA polymerase II transcription cycle, the role of chromatin in transcription termination is poorly understood. We performed a genetic screen inSaccharomyces cerevisiaeto identify histone mutants that exhibit transcriptional readthrough of terminators. Amino acid substitutions identified by the screen map to the nucleosome DNA entry-exit site. The strongest H3 mutants revealed widespread genomic changes, including increased sense-strand transcription upstream and downstream of genes, increased antisense transcription overlapping gene bodies, and reduced nucleosome occupancy particularly at the 3’ ends of genes. Replacement of the native sequence downstream of a gene with a sequence that increases nucleosome occupancy in vivo reduced readthrough transcription and suppressed the effect of a DNA entry-exit site substitution. Our results suggest that nucleosomes can facilitate termination by serving as a barrier to transcription and highlight the importance of the DNA entry-exit site in broadly maintaining the integrity of the transcriptome.
A novel acidification mechanism for greatly enhanced oxygen supply to the fish retina
Authors: Damsgaard Christian , Lauridsen Henrik , Harter Till S , Kwan Garfield T , Thomsen Jesper S , Funder Anette MD , Supuran Claudiu T , Tresguerres Martin , Matthews Philip GD , Brauner Colin J
Published: August 2020

Previously, we showed that the evolution of high acuity vision in fishes was directly associated with their unique pH-sensitive hemoglobins that allow O2to be delivered to the retina at PO2s more than ten-fold that of arterial blood (Damsgaard et al., 2019). Here, we show strong evidence that vacuolar-type H+-ATPase and plasma-accessible carbonic anhydrase in the vascular structure supplying the retina act together to acidify the red blood cell leading to O2secretion. In vivo data indicate that this pathway primarily affects the oxygenation of the inner retina involved in signal processing and transduction, and that the evolution of this pathway was tightly associated with the morphological expansion of the inner retina. We conclude that this mechanism for retinal oxygenation played a vital role in the adaptive evolution of vision in teleost fishes.
Clusters of polymorphic transmembrane genes control resistance to schistosomes in snail vectors
Authors: Tennessen Jacob A , Bollmann Stephanie R , Peremyslova Ekaterina , Kronmiller Brent A , Sergi Clint , Hamali Bulut , Blouin Michael Scott
Published: August 2020

Schistosomiasis is a debilitating parasitic disease infecting hundreds of millions of people. Schistosomes use aquatic snails as intermediate hosts. A promising avenue for disease control involves leveraging innate host mechanisms to reduce snail vectorial capacity. In a genome-wide association study of Biomphalaria glabrata snails, we identify genomic region PTC2 which exhibits the largest known correlation with susceptibility to parasite infection (>15 fold effect). Using new genome assemblies with substantially higher contiguity than the Biomphalaria reference genome, we show that PTC2 haplotypes are exceptionally divergent in structure and sequence. This variation includes multi-kilobase indels containing entire genes, and orthologs for which most amino acid residues are polymorphic. RNA-Seq annotation reveals that most of these genes encode single-pass transmembrane proteins, as seen in another resistance region in the same species. Such groups of hyperdiverse snail proteins may mediate host-parasite interaction at the cell surface, offering promising targets for blocking the transmission of schistosomiasis.
PARP1 inhibitors trigger innate immunity via PARP1 trapping-induced DNA damage response
Authors: Kim Chiho , Wang Xu-Dong , Yu Yonghao
Published: August 2020

It is being increasingly appreciated that the immunomodulatory functions of PARP1 inhibitors (PARPi) underlie their clinical activities in various BRCA-mutated tumors. PARPi possess both PARP1 inhibition and PARP1 trapping activities. The relative contribution of these two mechanisms toward PARPi-induced innate immune signaling, however, is poorly understood. We find that the presence of the PARP1 protein with uncompromised DNA-binding activities is required for PARPi-induced innate immune response. The activation of cGAS-STING signaling induced by various PARPi closely depends on their PARP1 trapping activities. Finally, we show that a small molecule PARP1 degrader blocks the enzymatic activity of PARP1 without eliciting PARP1 trapping or cGAS-STING activation. Our findings thus identify PARP1 trapping as a major contributor of the immunomodulatory functions of PARPi. Although PARPi-induced innate immunity is highly desirable in human malignancies, the ability of ‘non-trapping’ PARP1 degraders to avoid the activation of innate immune response could be useful in non-oncological diseases.
Historisk sosiolingvistikk
Authors: Nesse Agnete
Published: August 2020

Denne artikkelen gir en oversikt over vitenskapsdisiplinen historisk sosiolingvistikk. Hovedvekten legges på hvilken type forskningsspørsmål det er vanlig å stille i studier som kan karakteriseres som historisk sosiolingvistikk. I tillegg presenteres ulike typer data som typisk brukes i slike studier, og hvilke utfordringer tverrfaglig språkhistorieforskning byr på. Det er særlig forskning på norsk språkhistorie som omtales, men forskning på språkhistorie i andre språksamfunn dras inn, både for å vise ulikheter i forskningstradisjoner, men også for å inspirere til en utvidelse av mulige innfallsvinkler i norsk språkhistorisk forskning. Begrep som tas opp, er språkhistorie nedenfra, indre og ytre språkhistorie og det tverrfaglige dilemma. Det legges også vekt på å få frem at selv om det å arbeide sosiolingvistisk med eldre og yngre språkhistorisk materiale kan fremstå som svært forskjellig, ligger der noen grunnleggende føringer både for teori og metode innenfor historisk sosiolingvistikk som vil være gyldige uansett hvilken periode en arbeider med.
Extracellular vesicles in patients in the acute phase of psychosis and after clinical improvement: an explorative study
Authors: Tunset Mette Elise , Haslene-Hox Hanne , Van Den Bossche Tim , Vaaler Arne Einar , Sulheim Einar , Kondziella Daniel
Published: August 2020

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived structures that transport proteins, lipids and nucleic acids between cells, thereby affecting the phenotype of the recipient cell. As the content of EVs reflects the status of the originating cell, EVs can have potential as biomarkers. Identifying EVs, including their cells of origin and their cargo, may provide insights in the pathophysiology of psychosis. Here, we present an in-depth analysis and proteomics of EVs from peripheral blood in patients (n = 25) during and after the acute phase of psychosis. Concentration and protein content of EVs in psychotic patients were twofold higher than in 25 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (p < 0.001 for both concentration and protein content), and the diameter of EVs was larger in patients (p = 0.02). Properties of EVs did not differ significantly in blood sampled during and after the acute psychotic episode. Proteomic analyses on isolated EVs from individual patients revealed 1,853 proteins, whereof 45 were brain-elevated proteins. Of these, five proteins involved in regulation of plasticity of glutamatergic synapses were significantly different in psychotic patients compared to controls; neurogranin (NRGN), neuron-specific calcium-binding protein hippocalcin (HPCA), kalirin (KALRN), beta-adducin (ADD2) and ankyrin-2 (ANK2). To summarize, our results show that peripheral EVs in psychotic patients are different from those in healthy controls and point at alterations on the glutamatergic system. We suggest that EVs allow investigation of blood-borne brain-originating biological material and that their role as biomarkers in patients with psychotic disorders is worthy of further exploration.
Dominance Hierarchies, Diversity and Spatial Connect of Crops in Banana Based High Range Home Gardens
Authors: Babu M. Nithish , Thomas Allan , Thomas Usha C.
Published: August 2020

Home gardens are a time tested food production system which can be projected as a promise to the future to mitigate the issues related to the global food security crisis. The home gardens in Kerala are an integral part of the rich tradition which impart a dominant role in livelihood security of the people. The diversity profile of traditional homegardens of high range area and its spatial patterns were investigated in the present study revealed that a mean Shannon and Wiener diversity index (H) of 2.185 was recorded which denoted a dwindling trend in species diversity in banana based high range home gardens of Idukki. An appraisal of the diversity of crops revealed that the highest diversity was recorded in spices (H=1.425) and was on par with fruit crops (H=1.339) whereas lowest was noted on fodder crops (H= 0.054) followed by medicinal plants (H=0.197). Furthermore, the mean total diversity index exhibited a positive significant correlation with the total area of the home garden with a correlation coefficient of 0.621 which signified the importance of spatial dimensions in determining the diversity profile of the home gardens.
Some Operational Computation for Intuitionistic or Pythagorean Fuzzy Set Using C-Programming
Authors: Moshahary Jwngsar
Published: August 2020

Intuitionistic or pythagorean fuzzy sets are the best tools to deal with uncertainty or ambiguity to solve diverse disciplines of application problems. It is often difficult to compute union, intersection, and complements when it comes to a large number of members contained in the set, also it is difficult to check whether it is a subset or not. Here, we used the C-programming language to overcome the problems, and then it is found that more effective and realistic results have been obtained.
Efficacy of Fluid Administration Followed by Lung Sonography in Hemodynamic Assessment in Acute Circulatory Failure in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Elkashef Ahmed M. , Elmawy Mohamad G. , Eltomey Mohamed A. , Elzeftawy Ashraf E. , Hamed Ahmed M.
Published: August 2020

Background: Early recognition and appropriate treatment of shock have been shown to decrease mortality. Incorporation of bedside ultrasound in patients with undiﬀerentiated shock allows for rapid evaluation of reversible causes of shock and improves accurate diagnosis in undiﬀerentiated hypotension. The aim of the present study was to evaluate efficacy of fluid administration followed by lung sonography in hemodynamic assessment in acute circulatory failure in critically ill patients.

Materials and Methods: This prospective cohort controlled randomized study was carried out on 50 Critically ill Patients who had acute circulatory failure in intensive care unit Tanta university hospital Critically ill patients of either sex aged 21-60 years when mean blood pressure was below 65 mmHg were included. Patients have been uniformly distributed in 2 categories, The patients assigned either to the Control Group (group I) or to the FALLS (fluid administration limited by lung sonography) protocol group (group II).

Results: Comparison between two groups revealed that, the heart rate showed that heart  rate  is  lower  in  group  II  in  comparison  to  group  I  .Comparison between two groups revealed that, the mean arterial blood pressure changes showed that it is higher in group II in comparison to group I .Comparison between two groups revealed that, the Central venous pressure showed that no significant difference in the base line .Intensive care unit stay in group I ranged between 5 – 11 days while in group II ranged between 3 – 8 days .Survival analysis (Kaplan Mier curve), Mortality at 28 days found in group I mean 21.28 days with SE 1.898 and in group II mean 24 days with SE 1.64 with no significant difference in time but there was significant difference in number of mortalities as discussed before.

Conclusion: We conclude from this study that bedside Lung Ultrasound has a good accuracy and superiority in assessment over other traditionally used methods for detecting early signs of pulmonary congestion and thus guides the fluid administration in shock management to decrease complications, mortality and intensive care stay.
Perception of women undergoing mastectomy followed up at a federal hospital in Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Costa Roberta Rangel da , Marins Nathália Christine Scott , Pereira Gicélia Lombardo
Published: August 2020

Objetivo: descrever a percepção corporal das mulheres mastectomizadas. Métodos: estudo de abordagem qualitativa realizado no ambulatório de ginecologia de um Hospital Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Constituiu-se de 9 mulheres diagnosticadas com câncer de mama e submetidas a mastectomia. Realizou-se uma entrevista a partir de um instrumento com dados sócio demográficos e uma questão estruturada. Resultados: A mastectomia neste estudo evidenciou na percepção das participantes, a ambivalência entre a esperança de cura e o retorno da doença, conhecer a possível cura favoreceu aceitar a mastectomia e a família simboliza suporte. Conclusão: O estudo evidenciou que após a mastectomia cada mulher reage e percebe seu corpo de uma forma diferente da outra.
The growth of gossip: Socialization of relational aggression from adolescence to emerging adulthood
Authors: Coyne Sarah M. , Swit Cara , Stockdale Laura , Summers Kjersti
Published: August 2020

The extant literature suggests that relational aggression appears in early childhood, and gradually increases throughout adolescence. However, very little research has examined the growth of relational aggression from adolescence to emerging adulthood. In addition, research generally examines socializing factors of relational aggression, such as parenting, peers, siblings, or media in isolation. Accordingly, the aim of the current study was to examine these socializing factors conjunctively as predictors of the growth of relational aggression over time. Participants consisted of 500 adolescents who completed several questionnaires over a 7‐year period (between ages 14–20 on average). Results revealed that the vast majority of individuals (88%) showed low levels of relational aggression that decreased over time. Conversely, a small proportion of individuals (12%) had high, increasing levels of relational aggression between adolescence and emerging adulthood. High levels of maternal psychological control, sibling hostility, and relational aggression in the media at the initial time point all predicted being in the high and increasing group.
Cationic Rhodium(I)‐Catalyzed Carbonylative [2+2+1] Cycloaddition of Diynes
Authors: Morimoto Tsumoru , Jia JingWen , Yamaguchi Yoshiko , Tanimoto Hiroki , Kakiuchi Kiyomi
Published: August 2020

We describe Rh(I)‐catalyzed carbonylative [2+2+1] cycloaddition reactions of diynes with CO to give cyclopentadienone derivatives (CPDs). Previous reports on the use of neutral rhodium(I) complexes, such as [RhCl(cod)]2 and RhCl(PPh3)3, indicate that no CPD products are formed or that they are produced in low yields, even at elevated temperatures. The reaction described herein, which uses a cationic rhodium(I) complex, [Rh(cod)2]BF4, as a catalyst, proceeds smoothly at room temperature to give cyclopentadienone derivatives. The key to this is the use the cationic rhodium(I) complex as a catalyst, which produces an additional coordination site on the rhodium for the substrate (a diyne) to approach, than neutral rhodium complexes.
Autoantibodies Blocking M3 Muscarinic Receptors Cause Postganglionic Cholinergic Dysautonomia
Authors: Palma Jose‐Alberto , Gupta Achla , Sierra Salvador , Gomes Ivone , Balgobin Bhumika , Norcliffe‐Kaufmann Lucy , Devi Lakshmi A. , Kaufmann Horacio
Published: August 2020

A 10‐year‐old girl presented with ileus, urinary retention, dry mouth, lack of tears, fixed dilated pupils, and diffuse anhidrosis 7 days after a febrile illness. We hypothesized that her syndrome was due to autoimmunity against muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, blocking their activation. Using an indirect enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for all 5 muscarinic receptors (M1–M5), we identified in the patient's serum antibodies that selectively bound to M3 receptors. In vitro functional studies confirmed that these autoantibodies selectively blocked M3 receptor activation. Thus, autoantibodies against M3 acetylcholine receptors cause acute postganglionic cholinergic dysautonomia. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:1237–1243
Coverage‐Dependent Behaviors of Vanadium Oxides for Chemical Looping Oxidative Dehydrogenation
Authors: Chen Sai , Pei Chunlei , Chang Xin , Zhao Zhi‐Jian , Mu Rentao , Xu Yiyi , Gong Jinlong
Published: August 2020

Chemical looping provides an energy‐ and cost‐effective route for alkane utilization. However, there is considerable CO2 co‐production caused by kinetically mismatched O2− bulk diffusion and surface reaction in current chemical looping oxidative dehydrogenation systems, rendering a decreased olefin productivity. Sub‐monolayer or monolayer vanadia nanostructures are successfully constructed to suppress CO2 production in oxidative dehydrogenation of propane by evading the interference of O2− bulk diffusion (monolayer versus multi‐layers). The highly dispersed vanadia nanostructures on titanium dioxide support showed over 90 % propylene selectivity at 500 °C, exhibiting turnover frequency of 1.9×10−2 s−1, which is over 20 times greater than that of conventional crystalline V2O5. Combining in situ spectroscopic characterizations and DFT calculations, we reveal the loading–reaction barrier relationship through the vanadia/titanium interfacial interaction.
Regio‐ and Diastereoselective Rhodium‐Catalyzed Allylic Substitution with Unstabilized Benzyl Nucleophiles
Authors: Pal Debasis , Wright Timothy B. , O'Connor Ryan , Evans P. Andrew
Published: August 2020

We have developed a highly regio‐ and diastereoselective rhodium‐catalyzed allylic substitution of challenging alkyl‐substituted secondary allylic carbonates with benzylzinc reagents, which are prepared from widely available benzyl halides. This process utilizes rhodium(III) chloride as a commercially available, high‐oxidation state and bench‐stable pre‐catalyst to provide a rare example of a regio‐ and diastereoselective allylic substitution in the absence of an exogenous ligand. This reaction tolerates electronically diverse benzylzinc nucleophiles and an array of functionalized and/or challenging aliphatic allylic electrophiles. Finally, the configurational fluxionality of the rhodium‐allyl intermediate is exploited to develop a novel diastereoselective process for the construction of vicinal acyclic ternary/ternary stereogenic centers, in addition to a cyclic ternary/quaternary derivative.
Discovery of a Chiral DNA‐Targeted Platinum–Acridine Agent with Potent Enantioselective Anticancer Activity
Authors: Zhang Shenjie , Yao Xiyuan , Watkins Noah H. , Rose P. Keegan , Caruso Sofia R. , Day Cynthia S. , Bierbach Ulrich
Published: August 2020

A structure–activity relationship study was performed for a set of rigidified platinum–acridine anticancer agents containing linkers derived from chiral pyrrolidine and piperidine scaffolds. Screening a library of microscale reactions and selected resynthesized compounds in non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells showed that cytotoxicities varied by more than three orders of magnitude. A potent hit compound was discovered containing a (R)‐N‐(piperidin‐3‐yl) linker (P2‐6R), which killed NCI‐H460 and A549 lung cancer cells 100 times more effectively than the S enantiomer (P2‐6S). P2‐6R accumulated in A549 cells significantly faster and produced 50‐fold higher DNA adduct levels than P2‐6S. Ligand similarity analysis suggests that only module 6R may be compatible with strainless monofunctional intercalative binding. NCI‐60 screening and COMPARE analysis highlights the spectrum of activity and potential utility of P2‐6R for treating NSCLC and other solid tumors.
Copper‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Hydroamidation of Styrenes to Branched Amides
Authors: Yuan Yang , Wu Fu‐Peng , Schünemann Claas , Holz Jens , Kamer Paul C. J. , Wu Xiao‐Feng
Published: August 2020

Amides are one of the most ubiquitous functional groups in synthetic and medicinal chemistry. Novel and rapid synthesis of amides remains in high demand. In this communication, a general and efficient procedure for branch‐selective hydroamidation of vinylarenes with hydroxyamine derivatives enabled by copper catalysis has been developed for the first time. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions and tolerates a broad range of functional groups. Applying a chiral phosphine ligand, an enantioselective variant of this transformation was achieved, affording a variety of chiral α‐amides with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99 % ee) and high yields.