bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
I cannot be creative due to my exploitative leader! A moderated mediation interplay of leader–member exchange quality and knowledge hiding
Authors: Feng Yanchao , Ayub Arslan , Fatima Tehreem , Irfan Saira , Sarmad Muhammad
Published: May 2022

Purpose

With an emphasis on displaced aggression theory and social exchange theory, this study aims to investigate the harmful effects of exploitative leadership (EL) on employee creativity (EC) through the mediating role of knowledge hiding (KH). Moreover, this study examines the boundary effects of leader–member exchange (LMX) to explore conditions under which KH is more or less likely to occur.

Design/methodology/approach

The study employed time-lagged (i.e. three-wave), multisource (i.e. self-rated and peer-rated) research design to collect data from employees working in Pakistani service sector organizations. The study analyzed 323 responses using SMART PLS (v 3.3.3) to assess the measurement model and the structural model.

Findings

The findings reveal that EL is positively related to KH and negatively related to EC. The results also show partial mediating role of KH in the indirect relationship between EL and EC. Besides, the study also found that LMX moderates the positive relationship between EL and KH, and the negative relationship between EL and EC.

Practical implications

The study divulges interesting findings that subordinates at high-quality LMX relationships (i.e. in-group members) are more susceptible to the harmful effects of supervisory unjust treatment than at low-quality LMX relationships (i.e. out-group members). Thus, occurrence context of KH, i.e. EL should be minimized through appropriate organizational interventions.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the leadership and knowledge management literature by testing a hitherto unexplored moderated mediation model.
Leading in a time of crisis: exploring early experiences of health facility leaders during the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria’s epicentre
Authors: Balogun Mobolanle , Dada Festus Opeyemi , Oladimeji Adetola , Gwacham-Anisiobi Uchenna , Sekoni Adekemi , Banke-Thomas Aduragbemi
Published: May 2022

Purpose

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a disruptive effect on the health system. Health facility leaders were at the forefront of maintaining service delivery and were exposed to varied stressors in the early phase of the pandemic. This study aims to explore the leadership experiences of health facility leaders during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria’s epicentre.

Design/methodology/approach

This study conducted an exploratory descriptive qualitative study. To achieve this, 33 health facility leaders of different cadres across primary, secondary, and tertiary levels of the public health care system in Lagos, Nigeria, were remotely interviewed. The key informant interviews were transcribed verbatim and were analysed by using thematic analysis.

Findings

The health facility leaders experienced heightened levels of fear, anxiety and stressors during the early phase of the pandemic. They also had genuine concerns about exposing their family members to the virus and had to manage some health-care workers who were afraid for their lives and reluctant. Coping mechanisms included psychological and social support, innovative hygiene measures at health facility and at home, training and staff welfare in more ways than usual. They were motivated to continue rendering services during the crisis because of their passion, their calling, the Hippocratic oath and support from the State government.

Originality/value

The experiences of health facility leaders from different parts of the world have been documented. However, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is one of the first studies that specifically report multi-layer leadership experiences of health facility leaders during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in sub-Saharan Africa.
“To our health!” Perceived benefits offset privacy concerns in using national contact-tracing apps
Authors: Nguyen Tin Trung , Tran Hoang Minh Tu , Phung Minh Tuan
Published: May 2022

Purpose

Community health is placed under the limelight during the COVID-19 crisis, providing a unique context for investigating citizens' health-privacy tradeoff in accepting social surveillance technology. To elucidate this tradeoff dilemma, an extended privacy calculus framework integrated with the Health Belief Model, legislative protection, and individual collectivism was examined using the case of national contact-tracing apps.

Design/methodology/approach

The hypotheses were tested through PLS-SEM analysis with data collected from a survey on Bluezone – a national app in Vietnam.

Findings

The results indicated the negative impact of privacy concerns, which was offset by the positive effect of perceived benefits in using contact-tracing apps. The effect size of perceived benefits on usage frequency was twice as large as that of privacy concerns. Individual collectivism was revealed as a mitigator of the tradeoff dilemma, as it was positively associated with perceived benefits, whereas legislative protection had no such role. Citizens may perceive legislation protection as invalid when the technologies are developed, implemented, and monitored by the authorities.

Originality/value

The theoretical contributions lie in the extension of the privacy calculus model as well as its application in the context of mobile health apps and surveillance technology. The study empirically corroborated that the privacy calculus theory holds when technologies move along the pervasiveness spectrum. This study also provided actionable insights for policymakers and developers who advocate the mass acceptance of national contact-tracing apps.
The counterfeit degree certificate: application of blockchain technology in higher education in India
Authors: Jha Sanjay Kumar
Published: May 2022

Purpose

In this work-in-progress, the application of blockchain technology (BT) in higher education in India – involving academic institutions, students and verifiers – in the wake of fake degrees (racket) being issued at a large scale from universities across the country is being investigated. This paper considers providing new methods of database system in education, and implementing the new BT in education can increase transparency and security in the education system.

Design/methodology/approach

This study used interview methodology (asking interview participants a series of informal questions to obtain knowledge).

Findings

Private and public sector organizations have many challenges to overcome in synchronizing and aligning their digital transformation efforts to enable the network effects to take hold. India’s policymakers, civil society leaders, senior business leaders and entrepreneurs are building strong clusters to help the country be the leader of the next era of the internet as a platform that helps transform human affairs for the benefit of the citizens. Executives can contribute to the digital ecosystem by creating open and collaborative cultures where knowledge and innovation are shared with the industry for the benefit of the masses and, more so, to establish quality and communication standards. They also can contribute by staying open to change, embracing digital adoption and transformation within their management models and infrastructure. It is time for institutions to rethink their processes and governance structures to become more agile and innovative players. The success of a harmonious digital identity ecosystem relies on staying ahead of the organization’s digital curve. As a first step to provide better quality in the provision of public services, Secure Key Technologies’ blockchain-based ecosystem (securekey.com) allows multiple partners to strengthen the authentication and provides identity attribute validation as a fabric of trust and as a solid foundation to embrace a new digital era. Secure Key Technologies’ vision for the future of digital identities redefines the ways both consumers and businesses approach identity verification and the sharing of key personal information. The challenges identified in the education system be it the difficulty in authenticating certifications and documents, tracking intellectual property and in accessibility can be better managed through blockchain implementation.

Originality/value

Digital certificates produced using blockchains are the most secure and efficient method being adopted by many countries across the globe (Grech and Camilleri, 2017). Tamper-proof blockchain records consist of three components or layers: the first contains the signed hash of the content, the second contains all the data and images and the third is the presentation and styling of the data. The verification process is relatively simple; the hash of the recipient is compared to the hash stored on the blockchain if they match the document is verified.
A moderated-mediation model of individual learning and commitment: evidence from healthcare industry in India (part II)
Authors: Somaskandan Karthikeyan , Arulandu Savarimuthu , Parayitam Satyanarayana
Published: May 2022

Purpose

This study aims to empirically examine the relationship between individual learning, organizational learning and employee commitment in the context of health-care industry.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey instrument was distributed, and data was collected from 346 employees in the health-care industry in the Southern part of India. Hayes’s PROCESS macros were used to test the mediation, moderated moderated-mediation hypotheses.

Findings

The results reveal organizational learning as a mediator in the relationship between individual learning and continuance commitment, normative commitment and affective commitment moderate the relationship between organizational learning and continuance commitment and three-way interaction between organizational learning, normative commitment and affective commitment to influence continuance commitment of employees.

Research limitations/implications

As with any survey-based research, the present study suffers from the problems associated with self-report measures: common method bias and social desirability bias. However, the authors attempted to minimize these limitations by following appropriate statistical techniques.

Practical implications

The study suggests that managers in work organizations need to promote a climate for enhancing learning so that employees remain committed to completing their job and contribute to organizational effectiveness. The results highlight the importance of all three dimensions of organizational commitment: affective, normative and continuance.

Originality/value

This study provides new insights in understanding complex interactions between three dimensions of commitment in contributing to organizational performance. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the multilayered model showing three-way interactions between three dimensions of organizational commitment is the first of its kind and is a novel idea.
A comparative analysis testing Werner's theory of complex life cycles
Authors: Richardson Emily L. , White Craig R. , Marshall Dustin J.
Published: May 2022

A popular theoretical model for explaining the evolution of complex life cycles (CLCs) was provided by Earl Werner. The theory predicts the size at which an individual should switch stages to maximise growth rate relative to mortality rate across the life history.

Werner's theory assumes that body size does not change during the transition from one phase to another (e.g. from larva to adult)—a key assumption that has not been tested systematically but could alter the predictions of the model.

We quantified how growth rate and mass change across larval stages and metamorphosis for 105 species of fish, amphibians, insects, crustaceans and molluscs. Across all taxonomic groups, we found support for Werner's assumption that growth rates are maintained or increase around transitions. We found that changes in growth and mass were greatest during metamorphosis, and change in growth correlated with development time. Importantly, most species either gained or lost mass when switching to a new stage—a direct contradiction of Werner's assumption. When we explored the consequences of energy loss and gain in a numerical model, we found that individuals should switch stages at a larger and smaller size, respectively, relative to what Werner's standard theory predicts.

Our results suggest that while there is support for Werner's assumption regarding growth rates, mass changes profoundly alter the timing of transitions that are predicted to maximise fitness, and therefore the original model omits an important component that may contribute to the evolution of CLCs. Future studies should test for conditions that alter the costs of transitions, so that we can have a better understanding of how mass loss or gain affects fitness.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Sulfasalazine exacerbates angiotensin II‐induced cardiac remodelling by activating Akt signal pathway
Authors: Chen Chen , Zhang Xiyu , Zheng Cuiting , Gao Zhenqiang , Jiang Xi , Bai Yunfei , Meng Yan
Published: May 2022

A thorough understanding of the pathological process underlying hypertension‐induced cardiac remodelling may help in prevention and treatment of heart failure. Angiotensin II (AngII) results in cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy partly through activation of inflammation, which increases the fibroblasts and promotes extracellular matrix production. Sulfasalazine (SASP) has evident anti‐inflammatory effects and pharmacological functions on autoimmune disease. The roles of SASP in the cardiac remodelling remain unknown. In this study, we established AngII‐induced cardiac remodelling mice model and then treated with SASP. Blood pressure, cardiac pump function and pathological changes of cardiac remodelling were analysed in these mice. To explore the mechanism, phosphorylated Akt was detected in vivo and vitro. In this study, we found that SASP aggravated cardiac dysfunction, hypertrophy and fibrosis after AngII infusion. In addition, SASP activated Akt in AngII‐remodelled mouse hearts and cardiac cells. Our findings indicate that independent of anti‐inflammatory property, SASP exacerbates AngII‐induced cardiac remodelling by activation of Akt signalling pathway.
Lung cancer as a predominant feature in a patient with Peutz–Jeghers syndrome: Case report
Authors: Fostira Florentia , Fountzilas Elena , Papadopoulou Kyriaki , Karaiskos Theodoros , Mpatsi Ourania , Pastelli Nikoleta , Mountzios Giannis , Konstantopoulou Irene , Fountzilas George
Published: May 2022

Peutz–Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is characterized by mucocutaneous pigmentation and gastrointestinal hamartomatous polyposis, which can lead to intussusception. PJS patients face high lifetime risks for various cancer types, with the majority of patients being diagnosed with tumors along the gastrointestinal tract. Herein, we present the case of a 34‐year‐old man who carried a germline STK11 pathogenic variant, while lacking the cardinal features of PJS syndrome. Interestingly, he was diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma despite being a never‐smoker. Tumor testing revealed clinically relevant molecular alterations, including the known germline pathogenic variant STK11, a KRAS somatic pathogenic variant, and FGFR3 gene amplification. Treatment with standard chemotherapy and immunotherapy did not have a clinical benefit. Due to clinical deterioration, the patient deceased 18 months after his initial diagnosis prior to having the chance for targeted therapy. Identification of rare hereditary cancer syndromes and the respective presence of tumor biomarkers can provide important alternatives to targeted treatments, including immunotherapy in patients with tumors unresponsive to conventional treatment protocols. This case highlights that although only a small proportion of lung cancer diagnoses will be due to hereditary predisposition, STK11 germline carriers should be under close surveillance for early detection of lung cancer.
Rapid changes in illegally manufactured fentanyl products and prices in the United States
Authors: Kilmer Beau , Pardo Bryce , Pujol Toyya A. , Caulkins Jonathan P.
Published: May 2022

Background and aims

Synthetic opioids, mostly illegally manufactured fentanyl (IMF), were mentioned in 60% of United States (US) drug overdose deaths in 2020, with dramatic variation across states that mirrors variation in IMF supply. However, little is known about IMF markets in the United States and how they are changing. Researchers have previously used data from undercover cocaine, heroin, and methamphetamine purchases and seizures to examine how their use and related harms respond to changes in price and availability. This analysis used US Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) data to address two questions: (i) “To what extent does IMF supply vary over time and geography?” and (ii) “What has happened to the purity‐adjusted price of IMF?”

Methods

We developed descriptive statistics and visualizations using data from 66 713 observations mentioning IMF and/or heroin from the DEA's System to Retrieve Information from Drug Evidence (STRIDE; now STARLIMS) from 2013 to 2021. Price regressions were estimated with city‐level fixed effects examining IMF‐only powder observations with purity and price information at the low‐to‐medium wholesale level (>1 g to ≤100 g; n = 964).

Results

From 2013 to 2021, the share of heroin and/or IMF observations mentioning IMF grew from near zero to more than two‐thirds. The share of heroin observations also containing IMF grew from <1% to ~40%. There is important geographic variation: in California, most IMF seizures involved counterfeit tablets, whereas New York and Massachusetts largely involved powder formulation. The median price per pure gram of IMF powder sold at the >10 to ≤100 g level fell by more than 50% from 2016 to 2021; regression analyses suggested an average annual decline of 17% (P < 0.001). However, this price decline appears to have been driven by observations from the Northeast.

Conclusions

Since 2013, the illegally manufactured fentanyl problem in the United States has become more deadly and more diverse.
Editorial: what is normal function of a pelvic pouch?
Authors: Myrelid Pär , Söderholm Johan D.
Published: May 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Quinn et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16859 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16944
Editorial: liver and kidney injury from remdesivir—an issue not as much as its purpose
Authors: Vuppalanchi Shireesha , Vuppalanchi Raj
Published: May 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Wong et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16894 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16932
Genetic relationship between superovulatory response traits and carcass traits in Japanese Black cattle
Authors: Zoda Atsushi , Kagawa Rino , Obinata Rui , Urakawa Manami , Oono Yoshio , Ogawa Shinichiro , Uemoto Yoshinobu , Satoh Masahiro
Published: May 2022

We estimated the genetic correlations between superovulatory response traits and carcass traits in Japanese Black cattle. As regards the superovulatory response traits in cows, we analyzed the phenotypic records of the total number of embryos and oocytes (TNE) and the number of good embryos (NGE) collected from 1532 donors between 2008 and 2018. As regards the carcass traits in fattened animals, we analyzed the phenotypic records for cold carcass weight, rib eye area, rib thickness, subcutaneous fat thickness, estimated yield percent, and marbling score for 1448 progenies derived from 596 donors and slaughtered between 2004 and 2020. Variance components were estimated using single‐trait and two‐trait animal models and the restricted maximum likelihood approach. The estimated genetic correlations with the carcass traits ranged from −0.05 to 0.04 for TNE and from −0.14 to 0.04 for NGE, and their standard errors ranged from 0.10 to 0.14. These results imply that the genetic relationship between the superovulatory response traits in Japanese Black donor cows and the carcass traits in their fattened progenies was weak to negligible. Therefore, we concluded that selecting donors with superior genetic ability for superovulatory responses would not have antagonistic effects on carcass performance in their fattened progenies.
Blood transfusion in haematology: A qualitative exploration of patients’ and healthcare professionals’ perceptions
Authors: Volkmer Brittannia , Lorencatto Fabiana , Stanworth Simon J. , Hirani Shashivadan P. , Francis Jill J.
Published: May 2022

Objectives

Repeated blood transfusions are indicated for the management of patients with cancer or blood disorders. Patients’ perceptions about transfusions may be associated with decision‐making and coping, which has been under‐explored in the haematology context. This study therefore aimed to explore haematology transfusion patients’ and HCPs’ perceptions of blood transfusion, drawing on theory and previously identified themes of transfusion perceptions.

Design

Semi‐structured interview study with 14 adult blood transfusion patients and 14 HCPs (consultants, registrars, nurses) at two UK haematology units.

Methods

Patient‐ and HCP‐tailored topic guides were developed based on themes of blood transfusion perceptions identified in a systematic review: ‘Health benefits’, ‘Safety/risk’, ‘Negative emotions’, ‘Alternatives’ ‘Decision making’ and ‘Necessity’. Transcripts were analysed using deductive and thematic analysis. Patient and HCP themes were compared using triangulation methods. Conceptual models (one for patients, one for HCPs) specific to haematology portraying the association between themes were developed.

Results

Findings for patients and HCPs converged with transfusion reported as beneficial for patients, who were largely involved in the decision‐making. Both groups also reported concerns about transfusion, including iron‐overload, allergic reactions and challenges to deliver transfusions in time‐pressurized services. Themes in the conceptual models included patient ‘Burden’ of receiving repeated transfusions and ‘Supportive relationships’, reflective of patients’ positive interactions with other patients and HCPs in the haematology unit.

Conclusion

Despite the challenges for patients receiving repeated transfusions, convergent perceptions suggest a shared understanding of patients’ transfusion experiences. Identified challenges could inform ways to improve transfusion services and patients’ experiences.
The Two Analyses of Anne: The Seesaw, Disclosure, and the Third
Authors: Bosset Marc‐André
Published: May 2022

In this paper I initially describe Benjamin's conceptualization of the Third followed by Complementarity, within an evolving psychoanalytical context marked by a ‘relational turn’. I then briefly outline the current debate surrounding the use of therapist self‐disclosure in the analytic process. With the clinical vignette, I aim to illustrate the impact of self‐disclosure on relational dynamics in the room, and I do so via two self‐reflective appraisals, separated in time and interpretive quality, of an affectively charged session with a client of mine I refer to as Anne. With this narrative structure I endeavour to highlight the inherent complexity in discerning the intrapsychic and the intersubjective in the therapeutic process. I also suggest a basic guideline for the verbalization of disclosures as a kind of sextant to help the analyst negotiate the affective tempests that can suffuse a therapeutic encounter. However, I emphasize it is the analyst's capacity for embodied self‐reflection, which needs to be developed via personal therapy, supervision and experiential groups, that remains the most important navigational instrument.
The long‐term impact of bloodstream infections on patient and graft survival following kidney transplantation
Authors: Eviatar Naamany , Dafna Yahav , Nadav Mizrahi , Tzzipy Shochat , Eytan Mor , Hefziba Green
Published: May 2022

Background

There are limited data on the impact of bloodstream infections (BSI) following kidney transplantation (KT) on long term patient outcome.

Methods

This was a retrospective parallel‐cohort study. We included 123 consecutive KT recipients who were admitted with a first episode of BSI between January 2007 and December, 2016. They were matched with 225 KT recipients who did not have BSI. Multivariate regression analysis with BSI as time‐dependent covariate was used for the effect of BSI on graft loss, all‐cause mortality and long‐term graft function (defined by the slope of mean serum creatinine level).

Results

During a median follow‐up of 89.4 months, post‐transplant BSI was independently associated with all‐cause mortality (HR 5.56, 95% CI 3.07–10.09, P < .0001) and graft failure (HR‐2.82, 95% CI 1.40–5.64, P = .003) after adjustment for potential confounders. This association remained irrespective of the source of infection or pathogen, but became nonsignificant when appropriate antibiotic therapy was administrated. Baseline kidney function was independently associated with graft failure. Recipients with BSI had lower baseline kidney function; however, the BSI episode had no influence on the slope of change in serum creatinine over time.

Conclusion

BSI after KT was associated with long‐term adverse outcome. This effect was mitigated by the early administration of appropriate antibiotics.
Improving radiographic diagnosis of pulpo‐periodontal complications in primary molars by training: Application in education and clinical research
Authors: Muller‐Bolla Michèle , Joseph Clara , Innes Nicola , Aïem Elody , Lopez Serena , Juwara Lamin , Velly Ana Miriam
Published: May 2022

Introduction

The objective of this study was to assess an original learning intervention to train students and paediatric dentistry teachers in radiographic diagnostic accuracy of pulpo‐periodontal complications in primary molars.

Materials and Methods

The learning intervention was based on 250 different randomly ordered radiographs of primary molars within three quizzes (A, B and C) for 5 sessions (S): quiz A (50 X‐rays), B and C (100 X‐rays) were, respectively, completed in S1 to assess the extent of agreement with 5 experts' diagnoses, in S2 and S3 (B at days 8 and 23) and in S4 and S5 (C at days 90 and 105). During S1 and at the end of S3 and S5, the participants (48 students and 16 teachers) were informed of correct diagnoses. A satisfaction questionnaire was completed by all the students. Alongside the descriptive analyses, generalised linear mixed model (GLMM) analyses assessed the odds of participants' correct diagnosis over the study duration.

Results

At S1, the odds of diagnostic accuracy among students were significantly lower than those among the teachers. After receiving feedback at S1, GLMM analyses showed that among all the participants, accuracy improved over time with the odds of correct diagnoses higher in S2‐5 than in S1; and there were similar increases across sessions between teachers and students, except in S3, where the improvement among teachers tended to be greater than that among the students. All students were satisfied though one‐third reported that quizzes with 100 radiographs felt too long.

Conclusion

The online case‐based learning was a good training format for dental education.
Influence of students' self‐directed learning on situational interest: A prospective randomised study
Authors: Jaffar Maryam Sayed , Marei Hesham , Rathan Ramya , Ayoub Ashraf
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Evaluate the effectiveness of a newly developed interactive 3D head and neck software package on students' situational interest and knowledge acquisition.

Material and Methods

A prospective randomised controlled study was carried out on two groups of dental students, 25 each. The study group “A” received education on head and neck anatomy using an interactive 3D software package. The same content was delivered to the students in group B via the standard PowerPoint presentation. The same lecturer delivered the educational modules over 80 min. Throughout the course of learning, the students completed a situational interest questionnaire, every 20 min. At the end of the session, each participant completed a knowledge acquisition test.

Results

Wilcoxon signed‐rank sum test showed a clear difference in the pattern of situational interest between the two groups; a statistically significant drop in the interest in the head and neck was noted amongst the students after 40 min in group B (p < .05). An opposite pattern was detected amongst the students in group A. No statistically significant differences were detected in the knowledge acquisition between the two groups.

Conclusion

The 3D software package of the head and neck anatomy has augmented the students' situational interest and improved their knowledge acquisition. However, further research is required to evaluate students' perception and experience of its use before it is widely generalised in universities and educational institutes.
Pharmacogenomics for the efficacy and side effects of antihistamines
Authors: Li Liqiao , Liu Runqiu , Peng Cong , Chen Xiang , Li Jie
Published: May 2022

Antihistamines, especially H1 antihistamines, are widely used in the treatment of allergic diseases such as urticaria and allergic rhinitis, mainly for reversing elevated histamine and anti‐allergic effects. Antihistamines are generally safe, but some patients experience adverse reactions, such as cardiotoxicity, central inhibition and anticholinergic effects. There are also individual differences in antihistamine efficacy in clinical practice. The concept of individualized medicine has been deeply rooted in people's minds since it was put forward. Pharmacogenomics is the study of the role of inheritance in individual variations in drug response. In recent decades, pharmacogenomics has been developing rapidly, which provides new ideas for individualized medicine. Polymorphisms in the genes encoding metabolic enzymes, transporters and target receptors have been shown to affect the efficacy of antihistamines. In addition, recent evidence suggests that gene polymorphisms influence urticaria susceptibility and antihistamine therapy. Here, we summarize current reports in this area, aiming to contribute to future research in antihistamines and clinical guidance for antihistamines use in individualized medicine.
Father–son relationships in Israeli military families from the perspective of adult sons
Authors: Doft Yael , Possick Chaya
Published: May 2022

Objective

This research examines the experience of father–son relationships from the perspective of Israeli men whose fathers served as career combat officers.

Background

Military families in general, and children in particular, face unique challenges in dealing with conflicting demands of two “greedy institutions,” military and family.

Method

This study is an interpretative phenomenological analysis of in‐depth interviews with 12 Israeli men, aged 25 to 49 years, who were sons of combat officers who served at least 15 years in the Israeli military.

Results

Five themes were identified through the men's responses: (a) father as idealized figure, (b) rationalizing father's distant stance, (c) absence of fear for father's safety, (d) role reversal: taking responsibility for the father–son relationship, (3) shifts in the relationship after father's retirement from the military.

Conclusion

The unique life experience of military children as expressed in our findings is presented through the lens of Bozormenyi‐Nagy's (1987) contextual theory of the family. Participants exhibited “invisible loyalties”—complex, often contradictory feelings toward the father and his military career. Some strived to establish relationships very different from the one they had with their father but had difficulty doing so. Others voiced a balanced assessment of the benefits and “price” of being a military child and proceeded to develop relationships without being burdened by the military legacy.

Implications

This work provides insight for the provision of group activities sponsored by the military for fathers and sons and for those who offer counseling services for young adult military children even after the father's retirement.
Explicit spatial modeling at the pore scale unravels the interplay of soil organic carbon storage and structure dynamics
Authors: Zech Simon , Schweizer Steffen A. , Bucka Franziska B. , Ray Nadja , Kögel‐Knabner Ingrid , Prechtel Alexander
Published: May 2022

The structure of soil aggregates plays an important role for the turnover of particulate organic matter (POM) and vice versa. Analytical approaches usually do not disentangle the continuous re‐organization of soil aggregates, caught between disintegration and assemblage. This led to a lack of understanding of the mechanistic relationship between aggregation and organic matter dynamics in soils. In this study, we took advantage of a process‐based mechanistic model that describes the interaction between the dynamic (re‐)arrangement of soil aggregates, based on dynamic image analysis data of wet‐sieved aggregates, to analyze the turnover of POM, and simultaneous soil surface interactions in a spatially and temporally explicit way. Our novel modeling approach enabled us to unravel the temporal development of aggregate sizes, organic carbon (OC) turnover of POM, and surface coverage as affected by soil texture, POM input, and POM decomposition rate comparing a low and high clay soil (18% and 33% clay content). Our results reveal the importance of the dynamic re‐arrangement of soil structure on POM‐related turnover of OC in soils. Firstly, aggregation was largely determined by the POM input fostering aggregates through additional gluing joints outweighing soil texture at lower decomposition rate, whereas at higher decomposition rate, soil texture had a higher influence leading to larger aggregates in the high clay soil. Secondly, the POM storage increased with clay content, showing that surface interactions may delay the turnover of OC into CO2. Thirdly, we observed a structural priming effect in which the increased input of POM induced increased structural re‐arrangement stimulating the mineralization of old POM. This work highlights that the dynamic re‐arrangement of soil aggregates has important implications for OC turnover and is driven by underlying surface interactions where temporary gluing spots stabilize larger aggregates.
Enhanced conservation of vital pulp and apical tissues by the application of crown rotation surgery for inversely impacted central incisors: A follow‐up analysis of two patients over 4 years
Authors: Bai Yudi , Cui Jiantong , Sun Hua , Zhou Zhifei , Shi Liqiang , Li Pan , Liu Jin
Published: May 2022

Aim

To describe a novel surgical method (crown rotation surgery) to manage inversely impacted central incisors with immature roots.

Methodology

Two young patients each presented with an inversely impacted maxillary central incisor. To protect the apical tissues, the two impacted incisors were rotated downwards to a relatively normal position without extraction from their bony sockets.

Results

After crown rotation surgery, spontaneous eruption, continuous root development, and periodontal healing of the rotated incisors were observed. The pulp retained vitality and blood flow was normal. Moreover, there were no obvious signs of pulp canal obliteration (PCO), as indicated by Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) imaging.

Conclusions

By optimising protection of the vital pulp and apical tissues, crown rotation surgery represents a minimally invasive, conservative, and practical surgical technique for treating inversely impacted incisors with developing roots. In contrast to existing surgical methods, crown rotation surgery may avoid certain complications, including PCO and abnormal or arrested root development.

Key learning points

By optimizing protection of the vital pulp and apical tissues, crown rotation surgery represents a minimally invasive, conservative and practical surgical technique for treating inversely impacted incisors with developing roots.

In contrast to existing surgical methods, crown rotation surgery may avoid certain complications, including PCO and abnormal or arrested root development.
Striae distensae as a diagnostic indicator for eating disorder pathologies
Authors: Silva Vixey , Schukow Casey P. , Restini Carolina B.A.
Published: May 2022

Objective

This manuscript provides a review of the relationship between patients with an underlying eating disorder (ED) and the presence of striae distensae (SD). Researchers and clinicians have recognized many different skin manifestations associated with EDs. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, EDs include, but are not limited to, anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge eating disorder (BED). The presence of specific skin findings often helps clinicians conclude whether or not a patient may have an underlying ED and require further evaluation. One skin finding associated with an ED with little current literature focus is SD. SD arises from a combination of hormonal imbalances and stretching of the dermis, triggering a local inflammatory response. The presence of SD leaves patients with diminished quality of life. There is no single guideline treatment for SD; however, topical and/or light and laser therapies can be utilized.

Method

Using online medical literature databases and the PRISMA guidelines, 11 out of 574 articles met the acceptable criteria to be analyzed, emphasizing the lack of current literature on this subject.

Results

Anxiety and depression were comorbidities demonstrated to be strongly related to AN and obesity, secondary to BED, in patients who developed SD. Higher degrees of suicidal ideation and insomnia, along with lower self‐esteem levels, were more likely to be present in these patients.

Conclusion

Altogether, this review highlights the importance of continued evaluation of SD and its overall impact on patient's mental health, emphasizing an underlying ED.
Priors in Bayesian Deep Learning: A Review
Authors: Fortuin Vincent
Published: May 2022

While the choice of prior is one of the most critical parts of the Bayesian inference workflow, recent Bayesian deep learning models have often fallen back on vague priors, such as standard Gaussians. In this review, we highlight the importance of prior choices for Bayesian deep learning and present an overview of different priors that have been proposed for (deep) Gaussian processes, variational autoencoders and Bayesian neural networks. We also outline different methods of learning priors for these models from data. We hope to motivate practitioners in Bayesian deep learning to think more carefully about the prior specification for their models and to provide them with some inspiration in this regard.
Novel amikacin resistance genes identified from human gut microbiota by functional metagenomics
Authors: Wang Shaochen , Wei Lin , Gao Yuejiao , Rong Yufeng , Zha Zhengqi , Lyu Yunbin , Feng Zhiyang
Published: May 2022

Aims

The aim of this study was to evaluate the diversity and potential for horizontal transfer of amikacin resistance genes from the human gut.

Methods and results

A library of human faecal microbiota was constructed and subjected to functional screening for amikacin resistance. In total, five amikacin resistance genes that conferred relatively high amikacin resistance, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 64 to >512, were identified from the library, including a novel aminoglycoside acetyltransferase gene and a 16S rRNA methyltransferase (MTase) gene, labelled aac (6′)-Iao and rmtI, respectively. AAC(6′)-Iao showed the highest identity of 48% to AAC(6′)-Ian from a clinical isolate Serratia marcescens, whereas RmtI shared the closest amino acid identity of 32% with ArmA from Klebsiella pneumonia. The MICs of these five subclones to six commonly used aminoglycosides were determined. Susceptibility analysis indicated that RmtI was associated with high resistance phenotype to 4,6-disubstituted 2-DOS aminoglycosides, whereas AAC(6′)-Iao conferred resistance to amikacin and kanamycin. In addition, kinetic parameters of AAC(6′)-Iao were determined, suggesting a strong catalytic effect on amikacin and kanamycin.

Conclusions

Antibiotic resistance genes with low identity to known sequences can be uncovered by functional metagenomics. In addition, the diversity and prevalence of amikacin resistance genes merit further investigation in extended habitats, especially the 16S rRNA MTase gene that might have been underestimated in previous cognition.

Significance and Impact of Study

Two novel amikacin resistance genes were identified in this study, including a 16S rRNA methyltransferase gene rmtI and an aminoglycoside acetyltransferase gene aac(6′)-Iao. This work would contribute to the in-depth study of the diversity and horizontal transfer potential of amikacin resistance genes in the microbiome of the human gut.
Gut microbiota communities of reciprocal hybrids from koi (Cyprinus carpio) and goldfish (Carassius auratus) are more similar to koi than goldfish
Authors: Wang Qin , Liu Jun-Heng , Wen Bin , Gao Jian-Zhong , Chen Zai-Zhong
Published: May 2022

Aims

To investigate the gut microbiota communities of reciprocal hybrids and inbred lines of koi (Cyprinus carpio) and goldfish (Carassius auratus), as well as the genetic effect of intestinal microbiota between hybrids and parents.

Methods and Results

The reciprocal hybrids and inbred lines derived from the parents, koi and goldfish, were established. Then, the bacterial 16S rRNA gene of intestinal contents was sequenced using Illumina Miseq PE300. Alpha diversity in the two types of hybrids was lower than inbred lines of koi or goldfish and was highest in goldfish, followed by koi. For beta diversity, microbial samples presented clear clusters and the two types of hybrids were more similar to koi than goldfish, indicating the gut microbiota of the reciprocal hybrids was more affected by koi. The dominant phyla were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes in koi, and Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria and Actinobacteria in goldfish, and Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria and Firmicutes in the reciprocal hybrids. In the case of Proteobacteria, the dominant classes were Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria in four fish. The dominant genera were norank_f_Rhizobiales_Incertae_Sedis and Plesiomonas in koi, Cetobacterium in goldfish, and Cetobacterium and ZOR0006 in the reciprocal hybrids. PICRUSt1 predictive function analysis showed that the reciprocal hybrids had lower abundance in the most functional categories than koi and goldfish.

Conclusions

The gut microbiota of reciprocal hybrids was more affected by koi. Two types of hybrids possessed the same dominated phyla and were different from the inbred lines of koi and goldfish.

Significance and Impact of the Study

It enhanced our understanding of gut microbiota of hybrid lines of goldfish and koi and provided a new perspective for the selective breeding of gut microbiota traits.
Predictors of conduction disturbances after transcatheter aortic valve implantation with balloon‐expandable valve for bicuspid aortic valve stenosis
Authors: Miyashita Hirokazu , Moriyama Noriaki , Yamanaka Futoshi , Saito Shigeru , Lehtola Heidi , Piuhola Jarkko , Niemelä Matti , Laine Mika
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Implantation depth and membranous septum (MS) length have been established as the predictors of new‐onset conduction disturbance (CD) after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) for tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) stenosis. However, little is known about the predictors with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV). This study investigated the role of MS length and implantation depth in predicting CD following TAVR with a balloon‐expandable valve in patients with BAV.

Methods

This retrospective study analyzed 169 patients who underwent TAVR for BAV with balloon‐expandable valve, and TAV cohort was established as a control group using propensity score (PS) matching. The primary endpoints were in‐hospital new permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI) and new‐onset CD (the composite outcome of new‐onset left bundle branch block and new PPI).

Results

PPI developed in 14 patients (8.3%) and new‐onset CD in 37 patients (21.9%) in the BAV cohort. Multivariate analysis revealed severe left ventricle outflow tract (LVOT) calcification (odds ratio [OR]: 5.83, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08–31.5, p = .0407) and implantation depth—MS length (OR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.12–1.51, p = .0005) as the predictors of new‐onset CD within the BAV cohort. The matched comparison between BAV and TAV groups showed similar MS length (3.0 vs. 3.2 mm, p = .5307), but valves were implanted more deeply in the BAV group than in the TAV group (3.9 vs. 3.0 mm, p < .0001). New‐onset CD was more frequent in patients who had BAV (22.3% vs. 13.9%, p = .0458).

Conclusion

The implantation depth—MS length, and severe LVOT calcification predicted new‐onset CD following TAVR in BAV with balloon‐expandable valve. Among BAV patients, valves were implanted more deeply compared to TAV patients. High deployment technique could be considered to avoid new‐onset CD in BAV anatomy.
Evergreened drugs or evergreened profits?
Authors: Siddalingaiah Simran , Fugh‐Berman Adriane
Published: May 2022

Background: Branded drugs contribute disproportionately to high prescription drug spending. Pharmaceutical companies utilize patent extension “evergreening” techniques that contribute to high drug costs. Aims: This article describes various patent extension techniques and analyzes the tactic of combining generic drugs with branded drugs, using metformin combinations for diabetes treatment as a case study. It examines the argument that FDCs enhance adherence and compares the cost of several branded fixed‐dose combinations with the cost of their individual constituents. Materials & Methods: We reviewed literature on patent extension techniques in both medical and marketing literature, supplemented by our own extensive files. We performed a price analysis of several branded pharmaceuticals and generically available equivalents. Prescription drug prices were determined using GoodRx.com, and prices of over‐the‐counter products were established based on the prices of two chain wholesalers. Patent and formulation information was taken from the FDA Orange Book: Approved Drugs with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations database. Results: “Evergreening” patent extension tactics include the sequential release of different formulations, minor dosing changes, and fixed‐dose combinations (FDCs). A “new use” provides an opportunity for a company to re‐patent, rebrand, and remarket one drug for multiple indications. It is unclear whether or not FDCs enhance adherence. Branded fixed‐dose combinations generally cost far more than their individual constituents. FDCs that combine metformin with other drugs are an exception, often costing the same as the non‐metformin component. Discussion: Patent extension tactics increase drug costs while providing little additional benefit to patients. Minor alterations in formulations or dosing may provide no clinical benefits. Many FDCs are expensive and fail to provide cost‐justified improvements in clinical outcomes, compared to equivalent generic drugs that would save money while delivering an equal standard of care. Combining newer hypoglycemic drugs with metformin, a gold‐standard, generic, inexpensive drug, does not appear to cost more than individual constituents but offers no clinical advantage over metformin alone. Conclusion: Evergreening tactics should be reined in, as they represent significant cost to the healthcare system and to patients. Physicians and other prescribers should avoid prescribing FDCs, or slightly tweaked “new” drugs. Patented drug combinations generate profit without innovation.