bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA ARAB BERBASIS DIGITAL 4.0 (KAHOOT DAN SOCRATIVE) PADA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Fashi Hatul Lisaniyah  , Ummidlatus Salamah
Published: January 2021

This study aims to describe Arabic language learning media era 4.0 from conceptual and actual aspects and focuses on media learning Arabic language specifically elementary school (Junior hight school). The approach of this study is (library research) by discussing literatures that discuss arabic language learning media. Conclusion of this study is innovation of learning, especially in Arabic language lessons, is something important and must be owned or done by arabic teachers. This is because learning will be more enjoyable and meaningful for students. With kahoot and socrative media, it is expected to encourage students to be more enthusiastic and happy to learn Arabic. As a teacher who interacts with students every day, it is not wrong to constantly innovate in learning. Entering this 4.0 era, teachers are required to keep trying to find, explore and find breakthroughs, approaches, methods and learning media is one of the supporting new media that will be fresh and enlightening. This article describes the media of Arabic language learning for the basic level, covering the learning media of Kahoot and Socrative. The more creative and innovative a teacher is in using learning media will make it easier to deliver Arabic lessons, the easier it is for students to receive Arabic lessons. This is a major factor in the success of MI-level Arabic lessons.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN OPEN ENDED TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA KELAS V MATA PELAJARAN MATEMATIKA DI MI
Authors: Nurhaningtyas Agustin  , Lafifatun Ni’mah
Published: January 2021

Mathematics is one of the subjects that trains students to think critically, logically, analytically, systematically, and creatively. One of the regulations of the Minister of Nation Education No.23 of 2006 years, about “graduate competency standards” is to have the ability to cooperate. One way to develop students’s critical thinking skills is to apply student oriented learning with open learning, Open Ended. The method in this study is an experimental method by applying an Open Ended learning model. The purpose of this study was to obtain data or information about the influence and general picture of students critical thinking skills after the application of Open Ended learning in teaching and learning in the classroom. In addition to get an overview of students respones to the application of Open Ended. This study took the population class V MI Al-Falahiyah Kedungrejo-Kerek-Tuban lesson years 2019/2020. This study uses the population as a score of data because the number of students studied is less than 100 students. Namely fifth grade students, amuting to 20 students. The instruments used as data collection were questionnaires and test of mathematical critical thinking skills in fraction subjects. The statistical test used was a t-test with a pre test and post test one group design. Students whos responded to learning with who Open Ended model with a score range’s of 25-27by 10%, a range scores of 28-30 by 15%, a range scores 31-33 by 30%, a range scores of 34-36 by 15%, and 37-39 by 30%. With 11 students who responded well, and 9 students who responded very good, to the Open Ended learning model. Hypothesis test results with the t-test t hitung >  t tabel (2,109>2,029). While the average value of students mathematic critical thinking ability of students is categorized as moderate or sufficient.
A comprehensive framework of Self-service technology in marketing
Authors: Vier Patrick
Published: January 2021

Self-service technology is growing enormously across the globe, but there is no clear theory that unites us in order to understand this type of service. It suggests an extensive conceptual frame, which includes numerous well known attitude theories, to illustrate how attitudes have a central role to play in shaping self-service intentions and behaviour. The system enables better consumers’ decisions to be understood and forecast through the detailed analysis of customer expectations towards the use of a technology-based auto service. You use the Internet to explain how our system can be used to research customer conduct relating to a certain self-service technology. Takes perspectives on technology-based self-service from the current literature and also integrates several specific features of the internet that influence theory. Discusses the practical effects of our marketing model and offers recommendations for future studies on technology-based self-service in general and the Internet in particular. It also contributes to attitudinal literature with its integrative approach to theory.
A comprehensive framework of technology in marketing: Theory and applications
Authors: Hoang L. Chi ,   Anna Akhamotva A, Dung Ho T.
Published: January 2021

The goal of this paper is to conduct a detailed review of research on foreign market entry alliances mediated by information technology (IT). This paper offers the conceptual structure of cross- border IT interactions and performance effects that is technically aware. It combines resource-based view (RBV) viewpoints and transaction cost economics (TCE), arguing that developing IT interface capabilities improves the commercial efficiency by enhancing interfirm relationship governance in the host location of the foreign partner. More relevant modulators are often known as IT-related threats and contextual limitations. It proposes concepts of IT capabilities, enhanced IT interfirm governance and improved IT marketing efficiency. Building from RBV and TCE, IT capital, relevant human resources, and IT integration, the capacity of companies to better manage the connection through joint control, interfirm collaboration, organizational formalization and hybrid centralisation is improved by the combination of RBV and TCE. These advantages contribute to increased marketing efficiency at the host place upstream and downstream. IT capabilities also lead to mitigating potential contextual constraints and threats. The paper presents a range of research ideas based on theory and literature that will be empirically evaluated in future studies. Top managers of companies currently or intend to enter into foreign market entry partnerships should consider carefully improving inter-company IT capabilities with regard to hardware and software preparation, human resources and organizational assets.
Interactions of organosulfates with water vapor under sub- and supersaturated conditions
Authors: Peng Chao , Razafindrambinina Patricia N. , Malek Kotiba A. , Chen Lanxiadi , Wang Weigang , Huang Ru-Jin , Zhang Yuqing , Ding Xiang , Ge Maofa , Wang Xinming , Asa-Awuku Akua A. , Tang Mingjin
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Organosulfates (OS) are important constituents of secondary organic aerosols, but their hygroscopic properties and cloud condensation nucleation (CCN) activities have not been well understood. In this work we employed three complementary techniques to characterize interactions of several OS with water vapor under sub- and supersaturated conditions. A vapor sorption analyzer was used to measure mass changes of OS samples with RH (0–90 %); among the 11 organosulfates examined, only sodium methyl sulfate (methyl-OS), sodium ethyl sulfate (ethyl-OS), sodium octyl sulfate (octyl-OS) and potassium hydroxyacetone sulfate were found to deliquesce as RH increased, and their mass growth factors at 90 % RH were determined to be 3.652 ± 0.064, 3.575 ± 0.024, 1.591 ± 0.004 and 2.202 ± 0.031. Hygroscopic growth of methyl-, ethyl- and octyl-OS aerosols was also studied using a humidity tandem differential mobility analyzer (H-TDMA); continuous hygroscopic growth was observed, and their growth factors at 90 % RH were determined to be 1.83 ± 0.03, 1.79 ± 0.02 and 1.21 ± 0.02. We further investigated CCN activities of methyl-, ethyl- and octyl-OS aerosols, and their single hygroscopicity parameters (κccn) were determined to be 0.459 ± 0.021, 0.397 ± 0.010 and 0.206 ± 0.008. For methyl- and ethyl-OS aerosols, κccn values agree reasonably well with those derived from H-TDMA measurements (κgf), whereas κccn was found to be significantly larger than κgf for octyl-OS, likely due to both solubility limit and surface tension reduction.
Assessment of the TROPOMI tropospheric NO2 product based on airborne APEX observations
Authors: Tack Frederik , Merlaud Alexis , Iordache Marian-Daniel , Pinardi Gaia , Dimitropoulou Ermioni , Eskes Henk , Bomans Bart , Veefkind Pepijn , Van Roozendael Michel
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Sentinel-5 Precursor (S-5P), launched in October 2017, carrying the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) nadir-viewing spectrometer, is the
first mission of the Copernicus Programme dedicated to the monitoring of air quality, climate, and ozone. In the presented study, the TROPOMI
tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) level-2 (L2) product (OFFL v1.03.01; 3.5 km × 7 km at nadir observations) has been
validated over strongly polluted urban regions by comparison with coincident high-resolution Airborne Prism EXperiment (APEX) remote sensing
observations (∼ 75 m × 120 m). Satellite products can be optimally assessed based on (APEX) airborne remote sensing
observations, as a large amount of satellite pixels can be fully mapped at high accuracy and in a relatively short time interval, reducing the impact
of spatiotemporal mismatches. In the framework of the S-5P validation campaign over Belgium (S5PVAL-BE), the APEX imaging spectrometer has been deployed during four mapping
flights (26–29 June 2019) over the two largest urban regions in Belgium, i.e. Brussels and Antwerp, in order to map the horizontal distribution of
tropospheric NO2. For each flight, 10 to 20 TROPOMI pixels were fully covered by approximately 2700 to 4000 APEX measurements within each
TROPOMI pixel. The TROPOMI and APEX NO2 vertical column density (VCD) retrieval schemes are similar in concept. Overall, for the ensemble
of the four flights, the standard TROPOMI NO2 VCD product is well correlated (R = 0.92) but biased negatively by
−1.2 ± 1.2 × 1015 molec cm−2 or −14 ± 12 %, on average, with respect to coincident APEX
NO2 retrievals. When replacing the coarse 1∘ × 1∘ the massively parallel (MP) version of the Tracer Model version 5 (TM5)
a priori NO2 profiles by NO2 profile
shapes from the Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring Service (CAMS) regional chemistry transport model (CTM) ensemble at
0.1∘ × 0.1∘, R is 0.94 and the slope increases from 0.82 to 0.93. The bias
is reduced to −0.1 ± 1.0 × 1015 molec cm−2 or −1.0 ± 12 %. The absolute difference is on average
1.3 × 1015 molec cm−2 (16 %) and 0.7 × 1015 molec cm−2 (9 %), when comparing APEX
NO2 VCDs with TM5-MP-based and CAMS-based NO2 VCDs, respectively. Both sets of retrievals are well within the mission accuracy
requirement of a maximum bias of 25 %–50 % for the TROPOMI tropospheric NO2 product for all individual compared pixels. Additionally,
the APEX data set allows the study of TROPOMI subpixel variability and impact of signal smoothing due to its finite satellite pixel size, typically
coarser than fine-scale gradients in the urban NO2 field. For a case study in the Antwerp region, the current TROPOMI data underestimate
localized enhancements and overestimate background values by approximately 1–2 × 1015 molec cm−2 (10 %–20 %).
Estimation of pollen counts from light scattering intensity when sampling multiple pollen taxa – establishment of an automated multi-taxa pollen counting estimation system (AME system)
Authors: Miki Kenji , Kawashima Shigeto
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Laser optics have long been used in pollen counting systems. To clarify the
limitations and potential new applications of laser optics for automatic
pollen counting and discrimination, we determined the light scattering
patterns of various pollen types, tracked temporal changes in these
distributions, and introduced a new theory for automatic pollen
discrimination. Our experimental results indicate that different pollen
types often have different light scattering characteristics, as previous
research has suggested. Our results also show that light scattering
distributions did not undergo significant temporal changes. Further, we show
that the concentration of two different types of pollen could be estimated
separately from the total number of pollen grains by fitting the light
scattering data to a probability density curve. These findings should help
realize a fast and simple automatic pollen monitoring system.
SIBaR: A New Method for Background Quantification and Removal from Mobile Air Pollution Measurements
Authors: Actkinson Blake , Ensor Katherine , Griffin Robert J.
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Mobile monitoring is becoming increasingly popular for characterizing air pollution on fine spatial scales. In identifying local source contributions to measured pollutant concentrations, the detection and quantification of background are key steps in many mobile monitoring studies, but the methodology to do so requires further development to improve replicability. Here we discuss a new method for quantifying and removing background in mobile monitoring studies, State Informed Background Removal (SIBaR). The method employs Hidden Markov Models (HMMs), a popular modelling technique that detects regime changes in time series. We discuss the development of SIBaR and assess its performance on an external dataset. We find 86 % agreement between the predictions made by SIBaR and the predetermined allocation of background and non-background data points. We compare five-minute averages of SIBaR-derived background NOx measurements to five-minute averages of NOx measurements taken by a stationary monitor sitting 70 m above ground level near downtown Houston, finding greater disagreement between SIBaR and the stationary monitor than the disagreement between other background detection techniques and the same stationary monitor. We then assess its application to a data set collected in Houston, TX, by mapping the fraction of points designated as background and comparing source contributions to those derived using other published background detection and removal techniques. Results suggest that SIBaR could serve as a framework for improved background quantification and removal in future mobile monitoring studies.
Revised fractional abundances and warm-season temperatures substantially improve brGDGT calibrations in lake sediments
Authors: Raberg Jonathan H. , Harning David J. , Crump Sarah E. , de Wet Greg , Blumm Aria , Kopf Sebastian , Geirsdóttir Áslaug , Miller Gifford H. , Sepúlveda Julio
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Distributions of branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) are frequently employed for reconstructing terrestrial paleotemperatures from lake sediment archives. Although brGDGTs are globally ubiquitous, the microbial producers of these membrane lipids remain unknown, precluding a full understanding of the ways in which environmental parameters control their production and distribution. Here, we advance this understanding in three ways. First, we present 43 new high-latitude lake sites characterized by low mean annual air temperatures (MATs) and high seasonality, filling an important gap in the global dataset. Second, we introduce a new approach for analyzing brGDGT data in which compound fractional abundances (FAs) are calculated within structural groups based on methylation number, methylation position, and cyclization number. Finally, we perform linear and nonlinear regressions of the resulting FAs against a suite of environmental parameters in a compiled global lake sediment dataset (n = 182). We find that our approach deconvolves temperature, conductivity, and pH trends in brGDGTs without increasing calibration errors from the standard approach. We also find that it reveals novel patterns in brGDGT distributions and provides a methodology for investigating the biological underpinnings of their structural diversity. Warm-season temperature indices outperformed MAT in our regressions, with Months Above Freezing yielding the highest-performing model (adjusted R2 = 0.91, RMSE = 1.97 °C, n = 182). The natural logarithm of conductivity had the second-strongest relationship to brGDGT distributions (adjusted R2 = 0.83, RMSE = 0.66, n = 143), notably outperforming pH in our dataset (adjusted R2 = 0.73, RMSE = 0.57, n = 154) and providing a potential new proxy for paleohydrology applications. We recommend these calibrations for use in lake sediments globally, including at high latitudes, and detail the advantages and disadvantages of each.
Western Mareotis lake(s) during the Late Holocene (4th century BCE–8th century CE): diachronic evolution in the western margin of the Nile Delta and evidence for the digging of a canal complex during the early Roman period
Authors: Crépy Maël , Boussac Marie-Françoise
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Lake Mareotis (modern Mariut), located near the Mediterranean coast of Egypt west of the Nile Delta, is bordered by ancient sites dating from the New Kingdom (end of the 2nd millennium BCE) to the Medieval period (8th century CE), the most famous one being Alexandria. In its western part (wadi Mariut), several sites are equipped with harbour structures, but they also have structures contemporaneous with them that are not compatible with the lake level required for the operation of the harbour. Between the 1990s and 2010, several sedimentological studies tried to solve this paradox without completely succeeding. To go further, this study is based on the reassessment of geoarchaeological data and on the analysis of early scholars' accounts (1800–1945), maps (1807–1958) and satellite photographs (Corona). It allows us to reconstruct the extension of the lake(s) at different periods in wadi Mariut. During the 1st millennium BCE, the Mariut lagoon experienced a drawdown in its western part, and several distinct lakes formed, followed by building operations in some emerged areas during the Hellenistic period (332–30 BCE). During the early Roman period (30 BCE–284 CE), the digging of several canals in the 2nd century CE to connect the sites of the wadi Mariut to the eastern part of the Mariut basin reconfigured the lake(s).
Measurements from mobile surface vehicles during the Lower Atmospheric Profiling Studies at Elevation – a Remotely-piloted Aircraft Team Experiment (LAPSE-RATE)
Authors: de Boer Gijs , Waugh Sean , Erwin Alexander , Borenstein Steven , Dixon Cory , Shanti Wafa'a , Houston Adam , Argrow Brian
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Between 14 and 20 July 2018, small unmanned aircraft systems (UASs) were deployed to the San Luis Valley of Colorado (USA) alongside surface-based
remote sensors, in situ sensors, and radiosonde systems as part of the Lower Atmospheric Profiling Studies at Elevation – a Remotely-piloted Aircraft Team
Experiment (LAPSE-RATE). The measurements collected as part of LAPSE-RATE targeted quantities related to enhancing our understanding of boundary
layer structure, cloud and aerosol properties and surface–atmosphere exchange and provide detailed information to support model evaluation and
improvement work. Additionally, intensive intercomparison between the different unmanned aircraft platforms was completed. The current paper
describes the observations obtained using three different types of surface-based mobile observing vehicles. These included the University of
Colorado Mobile UAS Research Collaboratory (MURC), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Severe Storms Laboratory Mobile
Mesonet, and two University of Nebraska Combined Mesonet and Tracker (CoMeT) vehicles. Over the 1-week campaign, a total of 143 h of data were
collected using this combination of vehicles. The data from these coordinated activities provide detailed perspectives on the spatial variability of
atmospheric state parameters (air temperature, humidity, pressure, and wind) throughout the northern half of the San Luis Valley. These datasets
have been checked for quality and published to the Zenodo data archive under a specific “community” setup for LAPSE-RATE
(https://zenodo.org/communities/lapse-rate/, last access: 21 January 2021) and are accessible at no cost by all registered
users. The primary dataset DOIs are https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814765 (CU MURC measurements; de Boer et
al., 2020d), https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3738175 (NSSL MM measurements; Waugh, 2020), and
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3838724 (UNL CoMeT measurements; Houston and Erwin, 2020).
The AntSMB dataset: a comprehensive compilation of surface mass balance field observations over the Antarctic Ice Sheet
Authors: Wang Yetang , Ding Minghu , Reijmer Carleen H. , Smeets Paul C. J. P. , Hou Shugui , Xiao Cunde
Published: January 2021

Abstract. A comprehensive compilation of observed records is needed for accurate quantification of surface mass balance (SMB) over Antarctica, which is a key challenge for calculation of Antarctic contribution to global sea level change. Here, we present the AntSMB dataset: a new quality-controlled dataset of a variety of published field measurements of the Antarctic Ice Sheet SMB by means of stakes, snow pits, ice cores, ultrasonic sounders and ground-penetrating radars. The dataset collects 268 913 individual multi-year averaged observations, 687 annual resolved time series from 675 sites extending back the past 1000 years, and 78 968 records at daily resolution from 32 sites across the whole ice sheet. These records are derived from ice core, snow pits, stakes/stake farms, ultrasonic sounders and ground-penetrating radar measurements. This is the first ice-sheet-scale compilation of SMB records at different temporal (daily, annual and multi-year) resolutions from multiple types of measurements, which is available at: https://doi.org/10.11888/Glacio.tpdc.271148 (Wang et al., 2021). The database has potentially wide applications such as the investigation of temporal and spatial variability in SMB, model validation, assessment of remote sensing retrievals and data assimilation.
The International Soil Moisture Network: serving Earth system
science for over a decade
Authors: Dorigo Wouter , Himmelbauer Irene , Aberer Daniel , Schremmer Lukas , Petrakovic Ivana , Zappa Luca , Preimesberger Wolfgang , Xaver Angelika , Annor Frank , Ardö Jonas , Baldocchi Dennis , Blöschl Günter , Bogena Heye , Brocca Luca , Calvet Jean-Christophe , Camarero Julio J. , Capello Giorgio , Choi Minha , Cosh Michael C. , Demarty Jerome , van de Giesen Nick , Hajdu Istvan , Jensen Karsten H. , Kanniah Kasturi Devi , de Kat Ileen , Kirchengast Gottfried , Rai Pankaj Kumar , Kyrouac Jenni , Larson Kristine , Liu Suxia , Loew Alexander , Moghaddam Mahta , Martínez Fernández José , Mattar Bader Cristian , Morbidelli Renato , Musial Jan P. , Osenga Elise , Palecki Michael A. , Pfeil Isabella , Powers Jarret , Ikonen Jaakko , Robock Alan , Rüdiger Christoph , Rummel Udo , Strobel Michael , Su Zhongbo , Sullivan Ryan , Tagesson Torbern , Vreugdenhil Mariette , Walker Jeffrey , Wigneron Jean Pierre , Woods Mel , Yang Kun , Zhang Xiang , Zreda Marek , Dietrich Stephan , Gruber Alexander , van Oevelen Peter , Wagner Wolfgang , Scipal Klaus , Drusch Matthias , Sabia Roberto
Published: January 2021

Abstract. In 2009, the International Soil Moisture Network (ISMN) was initiated as a community effort, funded by the European Space Agency, to serve as a centralised data hosting facility for globally available in situ soil moisture measurements (Dorigo et al., 2011a, b). The ISMN brings together in situ soil moisture measurements collected and freely shared by a multitude of organisations, harmonizes them in terms of units and sampling rates, applies advanced quality control, and stores them in a database. Users can freely retrieve the data from this database through an online web portal (https://ismn.earth). Meanwhile, the ISMN has evolved into the primary in situ soil moisture reference database worldwide, as evidenced by more than 3000 active users and over 1000 scientific publications referencing the data sets provided by the network. As of December 2020, the ISMN now contains data of 65 networks and 2678 stations located all over the globe, with a time period spanning from 1952 to present.The number of networks and stations covered by the ISMN is still growing and many of the data sets contained in the database continue to be updated. The main scope of this paper is to inform readers about the evolution of the ISMN over the past decade,including a description of network and data set updates and quality control procedures. A comprehensive review of existing literature making use of ISMN data is also provided in order to identify current limitations in functionality and data usage, and to shape priorities for the next decade of operations of this unique community-based data repository.
Evaluating a land surface model at a water-limited site: implications for land surface contributions to droughts and heatwaves
Authors: Mu Mengyuan , De Kauwe Martin G. , Ukkola Anna M. , Pitman Andy J. , Gimeno Teresa E. , Medlyn Belinda E. , Or Dani , Yang Jinyan , Ellsworth David S.
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Land surface models underpin coupled climate model projections of droughts and heatwaves. However, the lack of simultaneous observations of individual components of evapotranspiration, concurrent with root-zone soil moisture, has limited previous model evaluations. Here, we use a comprehensive set of observations from a water-limited site in southeastern Australia including both evapotranspiration and soil moisture to a depth of 4.5 m to evaluate the Community Atmosphere-Biosphere Land Exchange (CABLE) land surface model. We demonstrate that alternative process representations within CABLE had the capacity to improve simulated evapotranspiration, but not necessarily soil moisture dynamics–highlighting problems of model evaluations against water fluxes alone. Our best simulation was achieved by resolving a soil evaporation bias, using a more realistic initialisation of the groundwater aquifer state and higher vertical soil resolution informed by observed soil properties, and further calibrating soil hydraulic conductivity. Despite these improvements, the role of the empirical soil moisture stress function in influencing the simulated water fluxes remained important: using a site-calibrated function reduced the soil water stress on plants by 36 % during drought and 23 % at other times. These changes in CABLE not only improve the seasonal cycle of evapotranspiration but also affect the latent and sensible heat fluxes during droughts and heatwaves. The range of parameterisations tested led to
differences of ∼150 W m−2 in the simulated latent heat flux during a heatwave, implying a strong impact of parameterisations on the capacity for evaporative cooling and feedbacks to the boundary layer (when coupled). Overall, our results highlight the opportunity to advance the capability of land surface models to capture water cycle processes, particularly during meteorological extremes, when sufficient observations of both evapotranspiration fluxes and soil moisture profiles are available.
A Bayesian network approach to modelling rip current drownings and shore-break wave injuries
Authors: de Korte Elias , Castelle Bruno , Tellier Eric
Published: January 2021

Abstract. A Bayesian network (BN) approach is used to model and predict shore-break related injuries and rip-current drowning incidents based on detailed environmental conditions (wave, tide, weather, beach morphology) on the high-energy Gironde coast, southwest France. Six years (2011–2017) of boreal summer (15 June–15 September) surf zone injuries (SZIs) were analysed, comprising 442 (fatal and non-fatal) drownings caused by rip currents and 715 injuries caused by shore-break waves. Environmental conditions at the time of the SZIs were used to train two separate Bayesian networks (BNs), one for rip current drownings and the other one for shore-break wave injuries, each one with a hidden hazard and exposure variables. Both BNs were tested for varying complexity using K-fold cross-validation based on multiple performance metrics. Validation (prediction) results slightly improve predictions of SZIs with a poor to fair skill based on a combination of different metrics. Shore-break related injuries appear more predictable than rip current drowning incidents as the shore-break BN systematically performed better than the rip current BN. Sensitivity and scenario analyses were performed to address the influence of environmental data variables and their interactions on exposure, hazard and resulting life risk. Most of our findings are in line with earlier SZI and physical hazard-based work, that is, that more SZIs are observed for warm sunny days with light winds, long-period waves, with specifically more shore-break related injuries at high tide and for steep beach profiles, and more rip current drownings near low tide with near shore-normal wave incidence and strongly alongshore non-uniform surf zone morphology. The BNs also provided fresh insight, showing that rip current drowning risk is approximately equally distributed between exposure (variance reduction Vr = 14.4 %) and hazard (Vr = 17.4 %), while exposure of water user to shore-break waves is much more important (Vr = 23.5 %) than the hazard (Vr = 10.9 %). Large surf is found to decrease beachgoer exposure to shore-break hazard, while this is not observed for rip currents. Rapid change in tide elevation during days with large tidal range was also found to result in more drowning incidents, presumably because it favors the rapid onset of rip current activity and can therefore surprise unsuspecting bathers. We advocate that such BNs, providing a better understanding of hazard, exposure and life risk, can be developed to improve public safety awareness campaigns, in parallel with the development of more skillful risk predictors to anticipate high life-risk days.
Influence of hydrometeorological hazards and sea coast morphodynamics on development of Cephalanthero rubrae-Fagetum (Wolin island, the southern Baltic Sea)
Authors: Tylkowski Jacek , Winowski Marcin , Hojan Marcin , Czyryca Paweł , Samołyk Mariusz
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Climate changes, sea transgression and sea coast erosion
observed today cause dynamic changes in coastal ecosystems. In the
elaboration, cause and effect interrelations between abiotic hazards
(hydrometeorological conditions and sea coast morphodynamics) and biotic
(Cephalanthero rubrae-Fagetum phytocoenosis) components of natural environment have been defined. An
up-to-date phytosociological analysis of a very valuable Cephalanthero rubrae-Fagetum site on cliff
tableland was conducted in the context of hitherto temporal variability of
climatic conditions and the rate of cliff coast recession. Also, the
development prognosis of the researched site in the 21st century is
provided, with respect to the expected climate changes and cliff's
morphodynamics. The conducted research actions revealed the influence of
global hazards (e.g. climate changes, sea transgression and sea coast
erosion) on changes in the natural environment on regional scale (with the
example of the site of Cephalanthero rubrae-Fagetum on a cliff coast of Wolin island in Poland). It has
been established that in the 21st century, a relatively larger hazard to the
functioning of the researched site is climate changes (i.e. mostly changes
in thermal and precipitation conditions) not the sea coast erosion.
Macroscopic water vapor diffusion is not enhanced in snow
Authors: Fourteau Kévin , Domine Florent , Hagenmuller Pascal
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Water vapor transport in dry snowpacks plays a significant role for snow metamorphism and the mass and energy balance of snowpacks. The molecular diffusion of water vapor in the interstitial pores is usually considered to be the main or only transport mechanism, and current detailed snow physics models therefore rely on the knowledge of the effective diffusion coefficient of water vapor in snow. Numerous previous studies have concluded that water vapor diffusion in snow is enhanced relative to that in air. Various field observations also indicate that for vapor transport in snow to be explained by diffusion alone, the effective diffusion coefficient should be larger than that in air. Here we show using theory and numerical simulations of idealized and measured snow microstructures that, although sublimation and deposition of water vapor onto snow crystal surfaces do enhance microscopic diffusion in the pore space, this effect is more than countered by the restriction of diffusion space due to ice. The interaction of water vapor with the ice results in water vapor diffusing more than inert molecules in snow but still less than in free air, regardless of the value of the sticking coefficient of water molecules on ice. Our results imply that processes other than diffusion play a predominant role in water vapor transport in dry snowpacks.
Wave–sea-ice interactions in a brittle rheological framework
Authors: Boutin Guillaume , Williams Timothy , Rampal Pierre , Olason Einar , Lique Camille
Published: January 2021

Abstract. As sea ice extent decreases in the Arctic, surface ocean waves have more time and space to develop and grow, exposing the marginal ice zone (MIZ) to more frequent and more energetic wave events. Waves can fragment the ice cover over tens of kilometres, and the prospect of increasing wave activity has sparked recent interest in the interactions between wave-induced sea ice fragmentation and lateral melting. The impact of this fragmentation on sea ice dynamics, however, remains mostly unknown, although it is thought that fragmented sea ice experiences less resistance to deformation than pack ice. Here, we introduce a new coupled framework involving the spectral wave model WAVEWATCH III and the sea ice model neXtSIM, which includes a Maxwell elasto-brittle rheology. This rheological framework enables the model to efficiently track and keep a “memory” of the level of sea ice damage. We propose that the level of sea ice damage increases when wave-induced fragmentation occurs. We used this coupled modelling system to investigate the potential impact of such a local mechanism on sea ice kinematics. Focusing on the Barents Sea, we found that the internal stress decrease of sea ice resulting from its fragmentation by waves resulted in a more dynamical MIZ, particularly in areas where sea ice is compact. Sea ice drift is enhanced for both on-ice and off-ice wind conditions. Our results stress the importance of considering wave–sea-ice interactions for forecast applications. They also suggest that waves likely modulate the area of sea ice that is advected away from the pack by the ocean, potentially contributing to the observed past, current and future sea ice cover decline in the Arctic.
Sensitivity of the Antarctic ice sheets to the warming of marine isotope substage 11c
Authors: Mas e Braga Martim , Bernales Jorge , Prange Matthias , Stroeven Arjen P. , Rogozhina Irina
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Studying the response of the Antarctic ice sheets during periods when climate conditions were similar to the present can provide important insights into current observed changes and help identify natural drivers of ice sheet retreat. In this context, the marine isotope substage 11c (MIS11c) interglacial offers a suitable scenario, given that during its later portion orbital parameters were close to our current interglacial. Ice core data indicate that warmer-than-present temperatures lasted for longer than during other interglacials. However, the response of the Antarctic ice sheets and their contribution to sea level rise remain unclear. We explore the dynamics of the Antarctic ice sheets during this period using a numerical ice sheet model forced by MIS11c climate conditions derived from climate model outputs scaled by three glaciological and one sedimentary proxy records of ice volume. Our results indicate that the East and West Antarctic ice sheets contributed 4.0–8.2 m to the MIS11c sea level rise. In the case of a West Antarctic Ice Sheet collapse, which is the most probable scenario according to far-field sea level reconstructions, the range is reduced to 6.7–8.2 m independently of the choices of external sea level forcing and millennial-scale climate variability. Within this latter range, the main source of uncertainty arises from the sensitivity of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet to a choice of initial ice sheet configuration. We found that the warmer regional climate signal captured by Antarctic ice cores during peak MIS11c is crucial to reproduce the contribution expected from Antarctica during the recorded global sea level highstand. This climate signal translates to a modest threshold of 0.4 ∘C oceanic warming at intermediate depths, which leads to a collapse of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet if sustained for at least 4000 years.
Reconstructing winter climate anomalies in the Euro-Atlantic sector using circulation patterns
Authors: Madonna Erica , Battisti David S. , Li Camille , White Rachel H.
Published: January 2021

Abstract. The efficacy of Euro-Atlantic circulation regimes for estimating wintertime climate anomalies (precipitation and surface temperature) over Europe is assessed. A comparison of seasonal climate reconstructions from two different regime frameworks (cluster analysis of the low-level zonal flow, and traditional blocking indices) is presented and contrasted with seasonal reconstructions using the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index. The reconstructions are quantitatively evaluated using correlations and the coefficient of efficiency, accounting for misfit in phase and amplitude. While all methods show skill in reproducing wintertime precipitation and temperature variability, they underestimate the magnitude of seasonal anomalies by a factor of two. The regimes are found to capture more spatial structure in seasonal precipitation anomalies over Europe than the NAO, with the jet framework showing generally better skill relative to the blocking indices. The reconstructions of temperature anomalies have lower skill than those for precipitation, with the best results for temperature obtained by the NAO for high-latitude and by the blocking framework for southern Europe.
DIDÁTICA E PRÁTICAS DE ENSINO: INTERLOCUÇÃO COM A EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA NA FORMAÇÃO INICIAL DE PROFESSORES
Authors: Martins Pura Lúcia Oliver , Romanowski Joana Paulin , Cartaxo Simone Regina Manosso
Published: January 2021

Esse texto apresenta reflexões sobre a formação pedagógica do professor nas novas propostas para os cursos de licenciatura. Tem por objetivo analisar a formação inicial de professores no contexto das reformulações desses cursos em relação às prioridades estabelecidas e as implicações com as práticas pedagógicas desenvolvidas na educação básica. Apoia-se no resultado de uma investigação desenvolvida pelo grupo de pesquisa Práxis Educativa: dimensões e processos, vinculado ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação da PUCPR que tomou como objeto de estudo a interlocução das disciplinas pedagógicas - Didática e Prática de Ensino - com as práticas pedagógicas desenvolvidas nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. A metodologia, de abordagem qualitativa utilizou para coleta de dados a análise documental e entrevistas semiestruturadas com coordenadores de curso e professores das disciplinas. Cursos de licenciaturas de três universidades da cidade de Curitiba-PR constituíram o campo da investigação. Na categorização dos dados foi utilizado o softwere Atlas T.I, e as análises tomam como referência as categorias de conteúdo de Bardin (2009). O aporte teórico inclui Gatti (1997, 2009), Bernardo (1997), Santos (2005), Martins (2003), Romanowski (2002), entre outros. O estudo mostra que a relação didática - práticas de ensino assume diferentes orientações nas instituições investigadas: (i) organização pelo eixo da pesquisa como elemento articulador da formação; (ii) organização pelo eixo interdisciplinar; (iii) organização a partir do campo disciplinar priorizando os fundamentos teóricos para em seguida apontar as teorias que compõem as disciplinas. No conjunto das disciplinas examinadas verifica-se que raramente ocorre a indicação da sua interlocução com a escola básica e suas práticas. O estudo, além de mostrar as especificidades e as articulações possíveis da Didática e da Prática de Ensino neste momento histórico, propõe ampliar a interlocução com a Educação Básica, ultrapassar o eixo epistemológico da teoria como guia da ação predominante na organização curricular dos cursos de licenciaturas e trabalhar com a concepção da teoria como expressão da prática.
MARCAS DA PASSAGEM DO TEMPO: UM RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA GERONTO EDUCACIONAL NA UNIVERSIDADE DA TERCEIRA IDADE NO SUL DO BRASIL
Authors: Godtsfriedt Maria Cecília Antônia
Published: January 2021

Uma das maiores conquistas culturais de um povo em seu processo de humanização é o envelhecimento de sua população, refletindo uma melhoria das condições de vida. De acordo com projeções das Nações Unidas (Fundo de Populações) “uma em cada 9 pessoas no mundo tem 60 anosou mais, e estima-se um crescimento para 1 em cada 5 por volta de 2050”. Com esse cenário humano, o envelhecimento da população idosa desafia os espaços sócios educacionais nas Instituições Brasileiras de Ensino Superior- IES. O Núcleo de Estudos da Terceira Idade- NETI, da UFSC, desenvolve umprojeto de extensão, Curso de Formação de Monitores da Ação Gerontológica- CFMAG, que há de duas décadas, no propósito de qualificar pessoas idosas em gerontologia, vem proporcionando novos conhecimentos, estimulando ao voluntariado junto a projetos sociais, e de modo especial, como esse idoso, esta se preparando para a sua velhice. O CFMAG tem sua grade curricular, pautada pela teoriapedagógica dos Quatro Pilares da Educação, (Delors, 2000). Foi oportunizado, ao grupo de alunos uma reflexão sobre a perspectiva da passagem do tempo das suas vidas e como esse Tempo, refletir e dar significados junto as suas relações sociais e familiares. Assim na perspectiva dos Destinos traçados pelas influências míticas dos Deuses gregos Chronos e Kairós, os alunos foram levados a pensar sobre o curso de suas vidas frente ao envelhecimento. O pensar em envelhecer e o investimento na rotina de suas vidas foram pontos de discussões da experiência aqui relatada.
CREENCIAS DE ADULTOS MAYORES SOBRE LAS CONDICIONES PARA EL APRENDIZAJE EN LA VEJEZ
Authors: Yuni José Alberto
Published: January 2021

A crescente participação das pessoas idosas em atividades de educação não formal mostra seu interesse em continuar aprendendo nas idades avançadas da vida. Um estudo foi realizado explorando as crenças que as pessoas idosas têm a respeito das condições que se requerem para que um idoso possa aprender, desde a perspectiva de idosos que participam em atividades de educação não formal na Argentina.Se aplicou um questionário auto administrado a uma mostra intencional de adultos (n=192) e idosos (n=884) que assistem a 16 organizações de educação não formal de idosos com diferentes modalidades de gestão (de universidades públicas, privadas e de auto-gestão).Para os entrevistados as principais condições para o aprendizado do idoso se referem à organização do processo de instrução, o clima afetivo-emocional da classe, as estratégias que involucram o aprendizado ativo por parte dos idosos ou estratégias de reforço do aprendido e as estratégias relacionadas com o trabalho grupal. Assim mesmo, os dados mostram que a motivação e o nível educativo são as variáveis que mais incidem nas crenças sobre as condições para aprender.Os descobrimentos sugerem que estas crenças podem relacionar-se com a posição subjetiva que adotam os idosos frente ao aprendizado como recurso para a adaptação, a busca do bem-estar psicológico e enfrentar o envelhecimento ou a integração social. Palavras-chave: Pessoa Idosa – Aprendizado na velhice – Crenças – Envelhecimento
The new draft concrete design code
Authors: McKenzie G. H. F.
Published: January 2021

A new draft New Zealand Standard,  DZ 3101: Parts 1 and 2, was published in June, 1978. Part 1 is the "Code of Practice for the Design of Concrete Structures", and Part 2 is a complete commentary on the code.
Study on the washability by using float sink test and thermal decomposition of the Mogoin gol bituminous coal
Authors: E Shagjjav , A Ariunaa , Kh Serikjan , B Purevsuren
Published: January 2021

The Mogoin gol bituminous coal properties were determined by proximate and ultimate analysis and thermal behaviors performed using a HITACHI TG/DTA7300 thermogravimetry analyzer. Float sink test carried out by Russian standard GOST 4790-93. Results of the proximate and ultimate analyses showed that the coal has Vdaf=30.7%, Ad=10.6%, Cdaf=76.5% and Qdaf=7532 kcal/kg. According to the coal classification, the coal belongs to the J class of bimuminous coal. The rate of mass loss was maximum in the range 483°С. Yields and ash contents of the fraction were γб=49.9 and 5.6% respectively, when for the separation was used heavy liquid with 1.3g/cm3 density. In general, it can be concluded that the Mogoin gol coal belongs to the category of coals with very good washability. Therefore, it will be advantageous and economically viable to use coal concentrate with low-ash for further chemical processing.

Могойн голын ордын нүүрсний халууны задралын болон баяжигдах шинж чанарын судалгаа

Хураангуй: Дээд ангилалын чулуун нүүрс болох Могойн голын ордын нүүрсний шинж чанарыг техникийн болон элементийн шинжилгээгээр, халуун, дулаан тэсвэрлэх чанарыг термогравиметр HITACHI TG/DTA7300 маркийн багажийн тусламжтайгаар, нүүрсний баяжигдах шинж чанарыг хүнд шингэний ГОСТ 4790-93 стандарт аргаар тодорхойллоо. Нүүрсний техникийн болон элементийн шинжилгээний үр дүнгүүдээс Ж маркийн чулуун нүүрс болохыг баталж байна. Жингийн алдагдлын хурд ДТГ 483°С-ын температурын мужид хамгийн их байв. Хүнд шингэний нягтыг ихэсгэх тутам баяжмалын үнс болон гарц аажмаар ихэсгэх хандлагатай бөгөөд δ=1.3 г/см3 нягттай хүнд шингэнд нүүрсийг баяжуулбал, үнс бага Aб а=5.6%, гарц өндөртэй γб=49.9% баяжмал гарган авах боломж. Иймд бага үнстэй нүүрсний баяжмалыг цаашид гүн боловсруулалтын чиглэлээр ашиглахад давуу талтай, эдийн засгийн ач холбогдолтой байх болно.

Түлхүүр үг: нүүрс, термогравиметр, жингийн алдагдал, баяжуулалт, баяжмал, хөвсөн/ живсэн фракц