bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Millennial-scale variations in sedimentary oxygenation in the western subtropical North Pacific and its links to North Atlantic climate
Authors: Zou Jianjun , Shi Xuefa , Zhu Aimei , Kandasamy Selvaraj , Gong Xun , Lembke-Jene Lester , Chen Min-Te , Wu Yonghua , Ge Shulan , Liu Yanguang , Xue Xinru , Lohmann Gerrit , Tiedemann Ralf
Published: February 2020

Abstract. The deep-ocean carbon cycle, especially carbon sequestration and outgassing,
is one of the mechanisms to explain variations in atmospheric CO2
concentrations on millennial and orbital timescales. However, the potential
role of subtropical North Pacific subsurface waters in modulating
atmospheric CO2 levels on millennial timescales is poorly constrained.
An increase in the respired CO2 concentration in the glacial deep-ocean
due to biological pump generally corresponds to deoxygenation in the ocean
interior. This link thus offers a chance to study oceanic ventilation and
coeval export productivity based on redox-controlled sedimentary
geochemical parameters. Here, we investigate a suite of geochemical proxies
in a sediment core from the Okinawa Trough to understand sedimentary
oxygenation variations in the subtropical North Pacific over the last 50 000 years (50 ka). Our results suggest that enhanced mid-depth western
subtropical North Pacific (WSTNP) sedimentary oxygenation occurred during
cold intervals and after 8.5 ka, while oxygenation decreased during the
Bölling-Alleröd (B/A) and Preboreal. The enhanced oxygenation during
cold spells is linked to the North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW), while
interglacial increase after 8.5 ka is linked to an intensification of the
Kuroshio Current due to strengthened northeast trade winds over the tropics.
The enhanced formation of the NPIW during Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS1) was likely
driven by the perturbation of sea ice formation and sea surface salinity
oscillations in the high-latitude North Pacific. The diminished sedimentary
oxygenation during the B/A due to a decreased NPIW formation and enhanced
export production, indicates an expansion of the oxygen minimum zone in the
North Pacific and enhanced CO2 sequestration at mid-depth waters, along
with the termination of atmospheric CO2 concentration increase. We
attribute the millennial-scale changes to an intensified NPIW and enhanced
abyss flushing during deglacial cold and warm intervals, respectively,
closely related to variations in North Atlantic Deep Water formation.
Gestión de Riesgo en el Patrimonio, Caso de estudio: Mercado de Artesanías de la ciudad de Masaya
Authors: Mendoza José Luis
Published: February 2020

El Patrimonio y La Gestión de riesgos, cosas complicadas de definir cada una por su lado, cada una con sus propias complejidades y sus universos de variables ¿pero hasta qué punto una puede apoyarse en la otra con un fin último?, planteé este objetivo final como el resguardo de aquello que como sociedad consideramos valioso, y digno de protegerse. Muy bien entonces, es  sensato empezar a ordenar las ideas y el rigor científico exige la clara y consecuente definición de cada una de ellas para buscar los puntos de articulación y apoyo donde asirnos, porque si bien es cierto son disciplinas diferentes entre sí, cada una es parte de la ciencia, y ya desde este punto se puede iniciar su clasificación, ambas son parte del saber científico en sí mismas por tanto siguiendo la definición del diccionario de la real lengua española “Ciencia es el conjunto de conocimientos obtenidos mediante la observación y el razonamiento, sistemática-mente estructurados y de los que se deducen principios y leyes generales
Gestión de riesgo con enfoque en ordenamiento territorial en el casco urbano del municipio de San Nicolás, departamento de Estelí
Authors: Paizano Martha Alicia
Published: February 2020

El casco urbano del municipio de San Nicolás, Estelí presenta características geológicas y climáticas que propician la ocurrencia de movimientos múltiples de laderas como: deslizamientos translacionales, rotacionales, complejos; también hundimientos, separaciones laterales y caídas de detritos. Dichos eventos ponen en riesgo la vida de los pobladores, por las condiciones de vulnerabilidad con las que coexisten en su entorno. Debido a la relevancia que supone esta amenaza, este estudio está enfocado en la reducción de los riesgos provenientes de los movimientos de laderas, a través de la realización de un plan de gestión de riesgo. Se tomaron los resultados del estudio de Riesgos ante movimientos de laderas de González (2011) en la misma área de estudio, cuyo principal resultado fue un mapa de riesgos, el cual fue un punto de partida para la realización de la zonificación territorial. El plan de gestión de riesgos contiene cuatro ejes de desarrollo con enfoque a la reducción de desastres: económico, social, institucionalidad y desarrollo de capacidades, ordenamiento territorial y medio ambiente. Es en este último eje donde se integra el ordenamiento territorial en el plan de gestión; se propone la zonificación del territorio en función al riesgo por movimientos de laderas, basándose en el Decreto 78-2002: De Normas, Pautas y Criterios para el Ordenamiento Territorial.
Formas de expresión de la segregación urbana en la ciudad Managua
Authors: Suarez Brissa , López Néstor
Published: February 2020

La segregación en el contexto urbano tiene distintas formas de expresión y evidentemente este fenómeno se está manifestando en la mayoría de las ciudades latinoamericanas. En el caso de las ciudades nicaragüenses esta temática se está abordando recientemente desde el 2010, uno de los primeros estudios se dio mediante una monografía para optar al grado de Sociólogos en el 2013 en la Universidad Centroamericana UCA, cuyo título fue; Segregación Urbana en Managua, posteriormente en el 2015 se publica el Cuaderno de investigación Nº 30 sobre Segregación socio-residencial en la ciudad de Managua, por UCA Publicaciones. Y con este artículo se completan otra parte de esta línea de investigación, que pretende en este año consolidar un estudio más amplio e integral sobre esta temática. Este esfuerzo nace de la realidad que se manifiesta en las últimas décadas, en donde Managua ha venido experimentando una serie de cambios urbanos, que han trasladado la actuación de las políticas urbanas - habitacionales y el mercado inmobiliario como agente privado al espacio urbano. Las actuales tendencias de desarrollo urbano muestran una estrecha relación entre estas políticas y fenómenos como el de la segregación y sus distintas expresiones. Muchas de estas expresiones parten del análisis de la división social del espacio y de la importancia de entender la evolución urbana e histórica de la ciudad de Managua y su relación con la segregación socio-territorial, socioespacial, socioeconómica y socio-residencial, todas estas vistas, como un conjunto de expresiones que tienen distintas formas de reflejarse en la realidad actual de la ciudad y sus pobladores. También se deben explorar los patrones de segregación con relación a modelos teóricos, metodológicos y referenciales, que explican este fenómeno en las ciudades latinoamericanas y que pueden permitir una correlación con la ciudad de Managua. Y, por último, se reflexiona sobre los efectos de la segregación en sus distintas formas de expresión; socio-territorial, socioespacial, socioeconómica y socioresidencial, tanto para los habitantes, como para la misma ciudad de Managua. Ya que estas tendencias actuales de la diferenciación social en las realidades urbanas son frecuentemente tipificadas como segregación, y por ello, cobra importancia comprender las distintas formas de expresión de la segregación urbana en la ciudad de Managua.
Introducción a la empresa familiar
Authors: Centeno Caffarena Leonardo
Published: February 2020

La empresa familiar es el tipo de empresa más numeroso que hay en cualquier país, sea éste uno desarrollado o en vías de desarrollo. Su objetivo inicial es servir de fuente de empleo para la familia empresaria, y de esta manera satisfacer sus necesidades laborales y económicas. Sin embargo, la empresa familiar cuenta con el reto de sobrevivir a la 3ra o 4ta generación, que es cuando desaparecen entre el 85 y el 95% de las unidades económicas de este tipo. En este trabajo expondremos las características y retos de estas empresas, enfatizando en los tipos de empresas familiares que existen. Al final expondremos un modelo innovador en la región latinoamericana, que la UNI está empezando a implementar en Nicaragua, para asegurarnos que los negocios familiares puedan sobrepasar la barrera que limita su sobrevivencia con relación al tiempo y poder llevarla con éxito bajo los retos que le establece el siglo XXI.
Utilización de la pulpa de café ensilada como alimento para vacas lecheras
Authors: Blandón Navarro Sandra Lorena
Published: February 2020

La pulpa de café es rica en nutrientes y su aprovechamiento puede ser potenciado a través del ensilaje. El estudio tuvo como finalidad evaluar el uso de la pulpa de café ensilada como alimento de vacas lecheras Bos taurus x Bos indicus, midiéndose su producción diaria. La primera fase de experimentación, realizada en época seca, constó de dos tratamientos, T1: Pasto disponible en la finca seleccionada, con concentrado comercial sin suplementar con el ensilaje y T2: Pasto disponible en la finca seleccionada más el concentrado comercial suplementado al 12% de ensilaje. En la segunda fase se modificó T2, aumentando al 30% la suplementación con el ensilaje y se realizó en época de lluvias. Los resultados de ambas experimentaciones prueban que la pulpa de café ensilada con urea y melaza tiene un buen perfil de proteína cruda, superior al de la pulpa fresca y que en vacas en producción se puede sustituir parcialmente el concentrado comercial con pulpa de café ensilada sin afectarla negativamente. Por tanto, los productores de café, que poseen sistemas de producción diversificados, pueden aprovechar la pulpa en la alimentación de vacas en sistemas de doble propósito.
Impacto social y económico de la industria tabacalera en el departamento de Estelí
Authors: Olivas Benavidez Aldrin
Published: February 2020

La ciudad de Estelí posee las características adecuadas para potenciar el desarrollo del sector tabacalero. Este rubro integra la producción primaria y el proceso de transformación para obtener puros de excelente calidad. Desde esta perspectiva, el papel de la mano de obra es fundamental para garantizar la calidad del producto, las operaciones desde la inspección hasta el empaque final son ejecutadas por el personal. El aumento de fábricas procesadoras de tabaco en la región ha posibilitado que la cifra de empleados haya llegado a 30 mil personas, desde la fase agrícola, preindustrial hasta la industrial. Paralelamente a la producción directa del tabaco, son beneficiadas diferentes empresas que de una forma u otra están vinculadas a todo el proceso productivo como: fábricas de cajas, material de empaque para puros, ventas de fertilizantes y químicos. Según algunos estudios, la economía de Estelí depende en un 80% de la industria del tabaco.
A CHUVA NO ESTADO DE GOIÁS E DISTRITO FEDERAL: ASPECTOS ESPACIAIS, TEMPORAIS E DINÂMICOS
Authors: Neves Gustavo Zen de Figueiredo
Published: February 2020

O objetivo deste trabalho foi compreender a distribuição espaço-temporal das chuvas no Estado de Goiás e o Distrito Federal, e suas principais características quali-quantitativas no período de 1975 a 2015. A metodologia baseou-se no levantamento do referencial teórico-metodológico; obtenção dos dados; espacialização dos postos e de séries temporais consistentes; tratamento estatístico e a identificação de “anos-padrão”. Elaborou-se a climatologia das Frentes Frias e a representação cartográfica da distribuição das chuvas anuais e sazonais na área de estudo. Os resultados observados apontam para uma variabilidade e irregularidade da distribuição das chuvas entre a região norte de Goiás e valores ligeiramente mais reduzidos no sentido sudoeste do Estado de Goiás. Os mecanismos de precipitação são impostos pela atuação dos sistemas atmosféricos intertropicais. Ressalta-se ainda interação do Planalto Central Brasileiro na participação das chuvas locais ocasionadas pelos efeitos termodinâmicos de superfície e dos aglomerados convectivos locais provocados pela Zona de Convergência do Atlântico Sul.
PRINCIPAIS ABORDAGENS DAS PESQUISAS SOBRE O ENSINO DE TEMAS EM CLlMATOLOGIA NA GEOGRAFIA ESCOLAR
Authors: Steinke Ercília Torres , Da Silva Rafael Furtado
Published: February 2020

O ensino de temas relacionados ao clima está inserido na Educação Básica, principalmente, no componente curricular referente à Geografia. Porém, sua abordagem distancia-se dos objetivos da Geografia escolar, uma vez que é tratado de forma isolada dos outros componentes espaciais da Geografia. Esse artigo procura refletir a respeito do ensino desses temas enquanto campo de pesquisa da Geografia escolar. Procurou-se investigar qual tem sido a maior preocupação dos pesquisadores quando tratam do ensino do componente espacial clima na escola. Para tanto, foram analisados 130 trabalhos publicados nos anais dos doze Simpósios Brasileiros de Climatologia Geográfica. Os resultados mostraram que somente 3,7 dos trabalhos preocuparam-se em realizar uma discussão teórica sobre a contribuição do componente espacial clima para o entendimento da interpretação da sua espacialidade.
O IMPACTO DA ATIVIDADE DA CSA NA QUALIDADE DO AR NA BACIA AÉREA 1 DA REGIÃO METROPOLITANA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
Authors: Farias Heitor Soares de
Published: February 2020

Devido às intensas transformações no uso do solo e estrutura urbana, na cidade estão localizadas várias formas de poluição, entre elas a atmosférica que muitas vezes escapa completamente à percepção imediata, permanecendo invisível até mesmo à legislação, o que aumenta o risco de causar danos irreversíveis à saúde da população (BECK, 2010). É o que ocorre na região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro (RMRJ) que passa por um processo de expansão industrial, principalmente nos municípios da borda oeste (Itaguaí, Seropédica e mesmo a Zona Oeste da capital), área com intensa emissão de material particulado inalável (58% de toda a RMRJ), em consequência das características das atividades aí desenvolvidas (INEA, 2009). Além disso, a diversidade de seu sítio, a planície de Sepetiba entre a Serra do Mar, o maciço da Pedra Branca e a Baía de Sepetiba, faz com a dispersão de poluentes seja ineficiente nesta área conhecida como Bacia Aérea I. Assim, este trabalho analisou os dados de material particulado inalável de estações de qualidade do ar do INEA, localizadas na Bacia Aérea I, acompanhando o comportamento da concentração e dispersão dos poluentes nos últimos anos. Os resultados mostraram que estações próximas ao distrito industrial de Santa Cruz registraram aumento nas concentrações de partículas inaláveis após o início das atividades da Compania Siderúrgica do Atlântico (CSA), chegando a violar e muito, no ano de 2013, os padrões de qualidade do ar estabelecidos na Resolução Conama nº3 (BRASIL, 1990), principalmente ao sul dos empreendimentos, devido à direção dos ventos predominantes. Desta maneira conclui-se que o bairro de Santa Cruz, nas proximidades da estação Largo do Bodegão, configura-se como uma área de risco à saúde humana devido aos déficits sociais presentes na região, à presença dos empreendimentos que deterioram a qualidade do ar e a falta de informação que alerte a população sobre os riscos.
Arthroscopic Treatment of Septic Arthritis of the Shoulder: Technical Pearls to Reduce the Rate of Reoperation
Authors: Kwon Ji Eun , Park Ji Soon , Park Hae Bong , Nam Kyung Pyo , Seo Hyuk Jun , Kim Woo , Lee Ye Hyun , Jeon Young Dae , Oh Joo Han
Published: February 2020

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical experience with arthroscopic debridement for septic arthritis of the shoulder joint and to report on our patient outcomes.Methods: The retrospective analysis included 36 shoulders (male:female, 15:21), contributed by 35 patients (mean age, 63.8 years) treated by arthroscopy for septic arthritis of the shoulder between November 2003 and February 2016. The mean follow-up period was 14.3 months (range, 12–33 months). An additional posterolateral portal and a 70º arthroscope was used to access the posteroinferior glenohumeral (GH) joint and posteroinferior subacromial (SA) space, respectively. Irrigation was performed with a large volume of fluid (25.1±8.1 L). Multiple suction drains (average, 3.3 drains) were inserted into the GH joint and SA space and removed 8.9±4.3 days after surgery. Intravenous antibiotics were administered for 3.9±1.8 weeks after surgery, followed by oral antibiotic treatment for another 3.6±1.9 weeks.Results: Among the 36 shoulders, reoperation was required in two cases (5.6%). The average range of motion achieved was 150.0º for forward flexion and T9 for internal rotation. The mean simple shoulder test score was 7.9±3.6 points. Nineteen shoulders (52.8%) had acupuncture or injection history prior to the infection. Pathogens were identified in 15 shoulders, with Staphylococcus aureus being the most commonly identified pathogen (10/15). Both the GH joint and the SA space were involved in 21 shoulders, while 14 cases involved only the GH joint and one case involved only the SA space. Conclusions: Complete debridement using an additional posterolateral portal and 70º arthroscope, a large volume of irrigation with >20 L of saline, and multiple suction drains may reduce the reoperation rate.
Hopfian and Cohopfian Objects in the Categories of Gr(A - Mod) and COMP(Gr(A - Mod))
Authors: BALDE Seydina Ababacar , MAAOUIA Mohamed Ben Faraj BEN , CHBIH Ahmed Ould
Published: February 2020

We study in this work the notions of hopficity and cohopficity in the categories AGr(A - Mod) and COMP(AGr(A - Mod)) of associate complex to a graded left A-module and we show that:

1. Let M a graded left A-module, N a graded submodule of M, M_* be a complex associate to M. Suppose that M_* be a quasi-projective and N be a completely invariant and essential sub-complex of M_* associate to N. Then N_* is cohopfian if, and only, if M_* is cohopfian.

2. Let M a graded left A-module, N a graded submodule of M, M_* quasi-injective and M_* a completely invariant and superfluous sub-complex of M_*. Then M_* is cohopfian if, and only, if M_*=M_* is cohopfian.
A INTERPRETAÇÃO NA IGREJA ADVENTISTA BRASILEIRA DA TEOLOGIA ECUMÊNICA CONCILIAR
Authors: Furtado Kevin Willian Kossar
Published: February 2020

A história da imprensa adventista brasileira começa com a publicação, em 1904, do primeiro periódico impresso em língua portuguesa da Igreja Adventista do Sétimo Dia (IASD), O arauto da verdade – surgimento que alguns estudiosos da história do adventismo no Brasil acreditam ocorrer em 1900. Em 1906, surge a então chamada Revista Trimensal, hoje, Revista Adventista, nome adotado em março de 1931. Na capa, ela passou a ser identificada como órgão oficial da Igreja brasileira dos adventistas do sétimo dia, designação que continuou até 1974. Considerada órgão geral da denominação em terras brasileiras desde 1975, a Revista Adventista tem por objetivo central noticiar os acontecimentos mais significativos do meio adventista e do cristianismo no Brasil e no mundo. A publicação conta com um acervo digital disponível na internet que abriga, na íntegra, todos os números do periódico, desde a sua primeira edição, em 1906 – de onde parte a pesquisa de fontes e análises expostas no presente texto, que aborda como a revista reportou a teologia ecumênica conciliar. Foram analisadas nove edições, publicadas entre 1962 e 1965 – os anos de realização de concílio –, em que os termos Concílio Vaticano II– e correlatos – e ecumenismo são encontrados. A pesquisa se justifica pelo ineditismo de uma investigação sobre a interpretação do concílio por um órgão da Igreja Adventista brasileira. O exame dos materiais selecionados foi realizado a partir dos conceitos de memória, condições de produção, paráfrase e polissemia da análise do discurso.
EXPERIÊNCIAS PARA A EDUCAÇÃO PATRIMONIAL VISANDO A EDUCAÇÃO RELIGIOSA
Authors: Jaluska Taciane , Junqueira Sérgio
Published: February 2020

A educação patrimonial voltada ao patrimônio religioso refere-se a um processo permanente de trabalho educacional centrado no espaço sagrado como fonte primária de conhecimento e enriquecimento individual e coletivo. A presente pesquisa pretende, por meio de um estudo de caso qualitativo, apresentar e realizar uma análise de três atividades de educação patrimonial realizadas em Curitiba, o roteiro 'Na Trilha do Sagrado', a 'visita guiada na Catedral Basílica Menor Nossa Senhora da Luz' e a 'visita noturna ao Cemitério Municipal de Curitiba' com a finalidade de compreender a importância da mediação no patrimônio cultural para a educação cultural e religiosa dos participantes. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam que a atividade de educação patrimonial em espaços voltados para o sagrado os aproximam da sociedade, auxiliam na preservação da memória, na criação de um sentimento de pertença e para criação de um elo entre passado e presente que podem auxiliar tanto na conservação desse bem quanto na difusão do conhecimento. Conclui-se que conhecer o diversificado patrimônio religioso da cidade permite ao indivíduo respeitar as diferentes manifestações culturais e a melhor compreendê-las, aliando assim conhecimento, ação e preservação.
VIOLÊNCIA, HUMOR E RELIGIÃO
Authors: Moura Lauro Eustáquio Guirlanda de
Published: February 2020

Notícias de violência em resposta a piadas com religião, e violência relacionada à religião de uma maneira geral, têm sido frequentes na grande mídia, o que nos leva a buscar soluções e possibilidades para um convívio pacífico entre cidadãos religiosos e seculares. Esse convívio se dará, inevitavelmente, pelo diálogo entre a razão e a religião. Esse artigo visa estabelecer reflexões sobre essas possibilidades, pela perspectiva dos filósofos Jürguen Habermas, Giovanni Vattimo e Roger Scruton, do teólogo Joseph Ratzinger, e do antropólogo René Girard. A reflexão desse artigo focará na importância do estado secularizado e sua função de conter os extremismos, bem como no reconhecimento de que foi o Cristianismo que em grande parte possibilitou o advento do estado secularizado, com liberdade de culto religioso (incluindo o ateísmo). Soluções são propostas ao longo do artigo.
ENTRE INCULTURAÇÃO E LIBERTAÇÃO
Authors: Simões Maria Cecília
Published: February 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é compreender a formulação de uma teologia pastoral elaborada a partir da atuação missionária entre os povos indígenas, aqui denominada de missiologia indigenista. Partindo dos ideais de inculturação e libertação, buscou-se percorrer o processo que reflete os intermeios entre teoria e prática na pastoral indigenista católica, especificamente a partir da missiologia de Paulo Suess. Para tanto, traçou-se um caminho metodológico que se inicia com a apresentação do histórico e desenvolvimento de uma pastoral indigenista, representada sobretudo pelo CIMI – Conselho Indigenista Missionário – perpassando pelas discussões que envolvem o uso ideal da inculturação da fé como proposta pastoral, relacionando-o aos ideais de encarnação e de libertação da teologia latino-americana. A análise culmina em uma leitura crítica dos limites e avanços que a missiologia indigenista consegue atingir ao se propor fazer uma leitura sócio-política da realidade dos povos indígenas e da atuação da igreja com esses povos no Brasil.
Towards a new template for the specification of requirements in semi-structured natural language
Authors: Vallejo Paola , Mazo Raul , Jaramillo Carlos , Medina Jhon Medina
Published: February 2020

Requirements engineering is a systematic and disciplined approach for the specification and management of software requirements; one of its objectives is to transform the requirements of the stakeholders into formal spec-ifications in order to analyze and implement a system. These requirements are usually expressed and articulated in natural language, this due to the universality and facility that natural language presents for communicating them. To facilitate the transformation processes and to improve the quality of the resulting requirements, several authors have proposed templates for writing requirements in structured natural language. However, these templates do not allow writing certain functional requirements, non-functional requirements and constraints, and they do not adapt correctly to certain types of systems such as self-adaptive, product line-based and embedded systems. This paper (i) presents evidence of the weaknesses of the template recommended by the IREB® (International Requirements Engineering Institute), and (ii) lays the foundations, through a new template, for facilitating the work of the re-quirements engineers and therefore improving the quality of the products specified with the new template. This new template was built and evaluated through two active research cycles. In each cycle we identified the problems specifying the requirements of the corresponding industrial case with the corresponding base-line template, pro-pose some improvements to address these problems and analyze the results of using the new template to specify the requirements of each case. Thus, the resulting template was able to correctly write all requirements of both industrial cases. Despite the promising results of this new template, it is still preliminary work regarding its cov-erage and the quality level of the requirements that can be written with it.
Common Challenges in Public Sector Performance Measurement in Post-Soviet Countries - Remedies Taken to Escape from the Soviet Legacy
Authors: Suleymanli Savalan
Published: February 2020

Concentrating on the public sector performance of post-Soviet countries, this article attempts to identify the main challenges in performance measurement field of post-Soviet countries in the context of changed State and society relationship after the collapse of the
Soviet Union. In addition, experiences of post-Soviet countries, such as Lithuania, Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan, in revamping their public sector performance and measurement system, and the extent to which the Soviet legacy has had an impact on the administrative system of these countries are analyzed.
The Solidity of the Self
Authors: Melfi Mary A. ,   Marquette University Press
Published: February 2020

In A Passage to India, E.M. Forster examines the duality of three main characters, Mrs. Moore, Aziz, and Fielding and thereby demonstrates their relative stability in the primordial chaos of India. Unlike Adela who falls apart after her experience in the cave, these characters draw on the power of the imagination in a grappling struggle to remain morally centered when facing the darkness within. Forster suggests that turning to the East (where the Marabar caves represent darkness and destabilization) contrasts with returning to the West (where imaginative form represents order and light). In Mrs. Moore, Aziz, and Fielding, Forster examines the manner in which one might embrace a centered life committed to empathy for others by way of facing one’s own otherness. As these characters immerse themselves in India’s primordial formlessness and acknowledge their shadows, they embrace imaginative form rather than fall apart, and in doing so they serve as models of mythmakers and relative stability.
Love and Friendship in The Merchant of Venice
Authors: Beauregard David N. ,   Marquette University Press
Published: February 2020

The basic argument of the essay is that in The Merchant of Venice Shakespeare represents Aristotelian-Thomistic notions of love and friendship. In the attraction of Bassanio for Portia we have the three-fold analysis of love as desire for the useful, the pleasurable and the virtuous. In the male friendship between Antonio and Bassanio we see the liberal man’s virtuous desire to give and share his wealth with his friends. Both relationships are concerned with giving and taking, a reflection of the Aristotelian-Thomistic distinction between love as desire and love as friendship. A final note is the play’s conclusion in the Aristotelian goods of happiness, gratuitous good fortune with the safe arrival of Antonio’s ships, union in friendship and marriage with Portia and Bassanio, Nerissa and Gaziano, and the wonder and delight that is to follow with Portia’s answer to all remaining questions.
Can Gestation Ground Parental Rights?
Authors: Magnusson Erik ,   Department of Philosophy, Florida State University
Published: February 2020

In law and common-sense morality, it is generally assumed that adults who meet a minimum threshold of parental competency have a presumptive right to parent their biological children. But what is the basis of this right? According to one prominent account, the right to parent one’s biological child is best understood as being grounded in an intimate relationship that develops between babies and their birth parents during the process of gestation. This paper identifies three major problems facing this view—the explanatory, adjudicatory, and theoretical problems—and explains how an alternative autonomy-based account is capable of avoiding them.
New species and new records of terrestrial isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea) of the families Philosciidae and Scleropactidae from Brazilian caves
Authors: Campos-Filho Ivanklin Soares , Fernandes Camile Sorbo , Cardoso Giovanna Monticelli , Bichuette Maria Elina , Aguiar José Otávio , Taiti Stefano
Published: February 2020

After the examination of a large collection of Oniscidea from caves in the Brazilian states of Bahia, Minas Gerais, Pará, Sergipe and São Paulo, 12 species were recognized in the families Philosciidae and Scleropactidae. Four new species are described: Alboscia jotajota sp. nov. from the Açungui group; Androdeloscia akuanduba sp. nov. and Amazoniscus spica sp. nov. from the Carajás Formation; and Metaprosekia igatuensis sp. nov. from the Quadrilátero Ferrífero karst region. In addition, Atlantoscia inflata, Benthana longicornis, B. olfersii, B. picta and Paratlantoscia rubromarginata (Philosciidae) are recorded from Brazilian caves for the first time; and Benthana iporangensis, B. taeniata and Circoniscus bezzii (Scleropactidae) have the knowledge of their distribution extended to cave habitats.
Presença de sarcocystis cruzi em amostra fecal de cão, relato de caso
Authors: Ferraz Alexsander , Pires Bruna dos Santos , Barwaldt Eugênia Tavares , Santos Eduarda Machado dos , Dallmann Paola Renata Joanol , Castro Tanize Angonesi de , Nobre Márcia de Oliveira , Nizoli Leandro Quintana
Published: February 2020

Dentre as possíveis doenças parasitárias que podem acometer os cães, estão as causadas por protozoários, como é o caso do Sarcocystis cruzi, agente etiológico da sarcocistose. Este parasito apresenta ciclo heteroxênico, necessitando além de um hospedeiro definitivo, um intermediário. O cão se infecta ao ingerir carne crua ou vísceras contendo cistos viáveis. Alguns dos sinais clínicos são febre, anorexia, prostração, palidez das mucosas, corrimento nasal e ocular e dispnéia. O exame coproparasitológico para pesquisa dos esporocistos é uma das formas de diagnóstico. O objetivo deste relato é descrever o caso de um cão com esta parasitose, evidenciando o diagnóstico e o tratamento do mesmo.
Recommended practices for supplemental data
Authors: Kwon Hyun Jung , Seo Yoon Joo , Kim Mi Yeon , Chung Sue Yeon
Published: February 2020

Since various forms of supplemental data (SD) have been introduced in academic publications, it has become necessary to establish guidelines to systematically process, indicate, and distribute such data. This material aims to help the science journals establish rational SD policies and guidelines and to ensure compliance with such policies and to manage them consistently. Generally, SD can be approached in a literal way by categorizing ‘appendices’ as ‘additional or separately added complementary materials’ and ‘supplements’ as ‘materials supplemental to the research in a comprehensive sense,’ rather than by viewing SD as an independent component of an article. The recommended practices of the National Information Standards Organization of USA advise the classification of SD into either ‘integral content’ or ‘additional content’ according to the content’s functional relationship to the associated article. If a public depository is used for SD, the author can ensure the perpetuity of data accessibility by assigning a digital object identifier. Science journals should adopt appropriate SD policies and describe them in detail in the instructions for authors to ensure consistent compliance with those policies. Additionally, they should be able to inspect and maintain links, repositories, and metadata associated with the SD for specific articles on an ongoing basis.
¿Crisis de la verdad? #FakeYou!
Authors: Aranda Daniel
Published: February 2020

Lo #Fake, la desinformación y el algoritmo forman parte ya del engranaje: en el mercado (de la verificación), en el comercio (de bots y algoritmos) y en la compraventa (de seguidores y likes).
Path Integral Yöntemiyle PT Simetrik/ PT Simetrik Hermityen Olmayan q-deformasyonlu Trigonometrik Scarf Potansiyeli
Authors: KANDIRMAZ Nalan
Published: February 2020

Bu çalışmada PT Simetrik/ PT
Simetrik Hermityen Olmayan q-deformasyonlu Trigonometrik Scarf Potansiyelinin
enerji spektrumu ve karşılık gelen dalga fonksiyonu Path İntegral yöntemi
kullanılarak elde edildi. Öncelikle bu potansiyelin kerneli parametrik zaman
kullanılarak enerji spektrumu ve dalga fonksiyonu cinsinden türetildi.
Kernelden elde edilen Green fonksiyonu ile enerji spektrumu ve dalga fonksiyonu
gösterildi.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ENHANCING MALE PARTICIPATION ON FAMILY PLANNING POLICY IN BANDUNG BARAT REGENCY
Authors: Suhenda Dadang , Hutasoit Evalina Franciska
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study aims to analyze the conduct implementation of the increasing male contraception policy in Bandung Barat Regency. The study is using qualitative methods with case studies approachment.  Qualitative data were gained from 16 informants which consist of implementor group as program managers, and partnership and community group as the targeted group. This study was conducted at three locations: district of Cililin, Batu Jajar, and Parongpong. The study shows that the decision process to decide PPM as the standard and goals of the family planning program has been understood by all of its administrators and resources available for this program has been considered as sufficient in terms of quantity but yet still lack in quality. Furthermore, communication and coordination processes among administrators and associates are shown to be in accordance with the operational procedures, hence, influencing characteristics of the family planning programs. It is found that religion consideration makes the residents refuse male contraception. Family planning programs are considered as women's business for some certain people. Fortunately, the existence of a spirit of militancy, high loyalty and disposition/attitude possessed by the management officers towards this male family planning program has a major influence on the success of the program. Moreover, the study shows that politicians have demonstrated strong support for the family planning program. This supports take places through budgeting and politician's active participation in the male contraceptive programs.AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kinerja pencapaian kebijakan KB pria di Kabupaten Bandung Barat. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat diketahui bahwa proses penetapan PPM sebagai standar dan tujuan kebijakan KB telah dipahami oleh seluruh pengelola KB dan jumlah ketersedian sumber daya saat ini sudah dianggap mencukupi dari segi jumlah namun masih kurang dari segi kualitas. Selain itu diketahui juga bahwa proses komunikasi dan koordinasi antar pengelola maupun dengan mitra kerja telah dilakukan sesuai dengan mekanisme operasional dan hal ini memengaruhi karakteristik pengelola KB. Dari segi faktor sosial budaya diketahui bahwa masyarakat banyak yang menolak program KB pria dengan alasan agama.  Sebagian ada yang menganggap bahwa KB hanya untuk urusan wanita. Namun adanya jiwa militansi, loyalitas tinggi dan disposisi/sikap yang dimiliki oleh petugas pengelola terhadap program KB pria ini berpengaruh besar terhadap keberhasilan program. Selain itu juga diketahui bahwa dukungan elit politik terhadap program KB sudah sangat baik dari segi penganggaran maupun keterlibatannya secara aktif dalam Kebijakan KB Pria.
Quantitative properties of a feedback circuit predict frequency-dependent pattern separation
Authors: Braganza Oliver , Mueller-Komorowska Daniel , Kelly Tony , Beck Heinz
Published: February 2020

Feedback inhibitory motifs are thought to be important for pattern separation across species. How feedback circuits may implement pattern separation of biologically plausible, temporally structured input in mammals is, however, poorly understood. We have quantitatively determined key properties of netfeedback inhibition in the mouse dentate gyrus, a region critically involved in pattern separation. Feedback inhibition is recruited steeply with a low dynamic range (0% to 4% of active GCs), and with a non-uniform spatial profile. Additionally, net feedback inhibition shows frequency-dependent facilitation, driven by strongly facilitating mossy fiber inputs. Computational analyses show a significant contribution of the feedback circuit to pattern separation of theta modulated inputs, even within individual theta cycles. Moreover, pattern separation was selectively boosted at gamma frequencies, in particular for highly similar inputs. This effect was highly robust, suggesting that frequency-dependent pattern separation is a key feature of the feedback inhibitory microcircuit.
Maps and Geographical Names as Tokens of National Interests
Authors: Arlov Thor Bjørn
Published: February 2020

The treaty of 9 February 1920 granted Norway full sovereignty over the ‘Archipelago of Spitsbergen’, by which name this Arctic territory was known at the time. Assuming sovereignty five years later, Norway altered the official name to ‘Svalbard’. To what extent was the name-change a token of national interests or even blatant nationalism? This paper outlines the origin and usage of the place-names Spitsbergen and Svalbard in light of the area’s mapping and nomenclature and with an emphasis on national bias. It briefly discusses the different practices and principles of geographical naming. This paper proposes that the change in official nomenclature from Spitsbergen to Svalbard in 1924–1925, though partly due to justifiable practical considerations, was primarily a political act to construct national bonds with the newly won territory. Although perceived as part of a ‘Norwegianization’ process in the northern regions, the name-change itself was not intended to provoke foreign reactions, but rather to satisfy a domestic audience.
Geo-Spatial Analysis of Urban Wetlands Loss in Obio/Akpor Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: H. Wizor, Collins , Elekwachi Wali,
Published: February 2020

Urban wetlands make cities livable in many important ways. They reduce flooding, replenish drinking water, filter waste, provide urban green spaces, and are a source of livelihoods in most urban areas. This study aims to geo-spatially analyze urban wetland loss in Obio/Akpor Local Government Area (LGA), Rivers State, Nigeria. The study analyses land use /land cover changes (LULC) using Landsat7 UTM images of 2000, 2009 and 2018. The satellite images covering the area were acquired and analyzed using ArcGIS10.6. A total area of 25,773.39 sq km was delineated in the study area. After processing the imagery, five LULC classes where developed in ArcGIS environment, such as wetland, built-up area, vegetation, water bodies and bare surface. The study shows that the urban land-use of Obio-Akpor LGA had changed dramatically during the period of 18 years. In 2000, wetlands occupied the second-lowest classes with 9.12% (2352.15 sq.km) of the total classes due to high level of urban development in the area while built-up areas occupied the third-highest classes with 17.62% (4543.83 sq.km) of the total classes. In 2009, the study revealed that the built-up area (urban land use) rose to 19.3% (4975.11 sq.km) and maintained an increase in urban growth due to changes from constructions of many roads and houses while wetlands also surprisingly experienced an increase and occupied the third-highest classes with 19.17% (4942.26 sq.km). Evidence from the study show that 2018 witnessed an expansion in terms of developmental activities in all facets as the built-up area increased in three-fold size within the year, bare surface reduced to a class of 15.47% (4057.29 sq.km) forcing developers to develop towards the wetland ecosystem. The wetlands, therefore, experienced a sharp decline to 4.91% (1266.75 sq.km) due to rapid conversion of wetlands for housing development and excessive urban sprawl and its associated problems of inefficient use of land, urban space and the development of shanty towns/slums. The study concluded that there is a need for the wise use of wetland resources and improvement of institutional arrangement so that wetland policies can be fully integrated into the planning process across all disciplines.
Evaluating the Risk of Candida albicans Associated with Gestation amongst Women in Port Harcourt, River State, Nigeria
Authors: Sampson T. , George A. P.
Published: February 2020

Candidiasis is increasingly affecting women in developing countries, due to several factors relating to environmental and physiological conditions of the individual. Knowledge of the factors influencing the epidemiology of Candida spp. will be useful in formulating public health measures targeted at reducing the incidence of Candidiasis. This study was therefore conducted to determine the prevalence of Candida albicans amongst women in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, in order to decipher the epidemiology of Candida albicans in relation to age and gestation. A total of seventy (140) vaginal swab samples were collected from 70 pregnant and 70 non-pregnant women in Port Harcourt, and analyzed using standard microbiological methods. The result showed that 36% of the total women studied had Candida albicans while 64% were negative. In the overall analysis, the distribution of the yeast was 43% prevalent in pregnant and 29% in non-pregnant women. The risk of Candidiasis in pregnancy was evaluated using the Odds Ratio (OR) and was determined to be 1.88. Also, a paired sample t-test indicated a positive and strong statistical relationship between age distribution and the presence of Candida albicans in women, with a correlation coefficient of 0.911 (91.1%) (< 0.05), indicating a higher incidence among the older group, albeit lower in age groups close to menopause. The study concluded that the prevalence is higher in pregnant women, with a significant relationship with age. Regular screening of women for Candida spp. should be advocated and women should as well avoid conditions that dispose them to genital tract infections.
Response of Different Cultivars of Wheat Plants (Triticum aestivum L.) to Inoculation by Azotobacter sp. under Salinity Stress Conditions
Authors: El-Nahrawy Sahar , Yassin Mohamed
Published: February 2020

Salinity is one of the key restraints to agricultural productivity worldwide and is expected to increase further. Therefore, cope with this problem we should be develop strategies to enhance salinity tolerance in different crops. One of these modern strategies is to use plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) which can help plants to withstand under harsh environmental conditions. The present study was evaluated six isolates of Azotobacter sp. (Az1-Az6) which tested in vitro for growth, PGPR traits such as indole-3 acetic acid (IAA) production and nitrogen fixation, germination indicators for different wheat cultivars i.e. Misr 1, Gemmiza 12 and Sakha 95 under different levels of NaCl. Also, the efficacy of inoculation with two superior isolates in different wheat cultivars in a Gnotobiotic Sand System and greenhouse experiment for improving growth dynamics, physiological attributes, nutrient uptake and antioxidant enzymes under different levels salinity of sandy soil (0, 4, 8 and 12 dS m-1).

Out of 6 isolates, two isolates (Az2 and Az6) could show salinity tolerance and exhibited PGPR traits as well as improvement germination tests. Both the bacteria could promote growth in 3 cultivars of wheat tested in terms of increase in fresh weight, dry weight, root and shoot length as well as root colonization compared to uninoculated control under Gnotobiotic Sand System experiment. 

Under greenhouse experiment conditions, inoculation treatment with Az6 showed a significant increase of vegetative growth, physiological and biochemical parameters of different wheat cultivars under different salinity stress treatments. Also, Az6 treatment recorded the highest N% from wheat plants attained 2.64, 2.51 and 2.43% at 4 dS m-1 for Misr1, Sakha 95 and Gemmiza 12 cultivars, respectively but the highest K+, K+/Na+% and the lowest Na+% were obtained from plants that grown in soil salinized with 8 and 12 dS m-1. The same trend was observed for antioxidant enzymes. Thus, inoculation with Azotobacter isolates Az2 and Az6 could be efficiently used to partially or completely eliminate the effects of salt stress on growth of different wheat cultivars.
Magnitude, Trends and Causes of Maternal Mortality: A 7-year Review at a Tertiary Hospital in Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Awoyesuku P. A. , MacPepple D. A. , Altraide B. O.
Published: February 2020

Background: Maternal mortality ratios (MMR) are still unacceptably high in many low- and middle-income countries especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Background Data for the causes of maternal deaths are needed to inform policies to improve maternal healthcare and reduce maternal mortality.

Objective: This study sought to determine the magnitude and trend in maternal mortality and the causes at a tertiary hospital over a seven-year study period.

Methodology: This was a retrospective review of maternal mortality and causes from 2012 to 2018. Data on number of maternal deaths, deliveries and causes of death were retrieved from the departmental annual reports and hospital records and entered into Microsoft Excel 2013. Data were presented as line graphs, charts and frequency tables.

Results: One hundred and ten (110) maternal deaths occurred out of 17,080 total births during the study period giving an overall MMR of 644. The MMR increased progressively from 580 in 2012 to 785 in 2018 with a sharp rise to the highest and subsequent decline to the lowest, values at the midpoint. The commonest causes of maternal deaths were Pre-eclampsia (PET) and Eclampsia 44(40%), Postpartum Haemorrhage (PPH) 25(22.7%) and Ruptured Uterus 13(11.8%).

Conclusion: The maternal mortality ratio is high and the trend is worsening. The leading causes of maternal deaths were PET/Eclampsia and Postpartum haemorrhage accounting for about two-thirds of all deaths. Efforts must be geared towards improvements in the management of these cases, if this trend is to be reversed.