bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is there a place for dexmedetomidine in equine anaesthesia and analgesia? A systematic review (2005–2017)
Authors: Gozalo‐Marcilla M. , Gasthuys F. , Luna S. P. L. , Schauvliege S.
Published: December 2017

The objective of this review was to perform a literature compilation of all the equine publications that used dexmedetomidine as the first article on this topic was published, in 2005. We also aimed to answer the question whether the use of dexmedetomidine can currently be justified. For that, we compiled information from databases, such as PubMed, Google Scholar and Web of Science and the proceedings of the last veterinary anaesthesiology meetings. Dexmedetomidine is an attractive drug to be used in horses, mainly due to its pharmacokinetic profile and pharmacodynamics that favour its use as intravenous constant rate infusion (CRI). Nowadays, its clinical use is popular for sedation in prolonged standing procedures and during partial intravenous anaesthesia (PIVA) and total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA). However, legal requirements for its use should be taken into account.
Air penetration enhances fragmentation of entering meteoroids
Authors: Tabetah M. E. , Melosh H. J.
Published: December 2017

The entry and subsequent breakup of the ~17–20 m diameter Chelyabinsk meteoroid deposited approximately 500 kT of TNT equivalent energy to the atmosphere, causing extensive damage that underscored the hazard from small asteroid impacts. The breakup of the meteoroid was characterized by intense fragmentation that dispersed most of the original mass. In models of the entry process, the apparent mechanical strength of the meteoroid during fragmentation, ~1–5 MPa, is two orders of magnitude lower than the mechanical strength of the surviving meteorites, ~330 MPa. We implement a two‐material computer code that allows us to fully simulate the exchange of energy and momentum between the entering meteoroid and the interacting atmospheric air. Our simulations reveal a previously unrecognized process in which the penetration of high‐pressure air into the body of the meteoroid greatly enhances the deformation and facilitates the breakup of meteoroids similar to the size of Chelyabinsk. We discuss the mechanism of air penetration that accounts for the bulk fragmentation of an entering meteoroid under conditions similar to those at Chelyabinsk, to explain the surprisingly low values of the apparent strength of the meteoroid during breakup.
Natural selection beyond genes: Identification and analyses of evolutionarily conserved elements in the genome of the collared flycatcher (Ficedula albicollis)
Authors: Craig Rory J. , Suh Alexander , Wang Mi , Ellegren Hans
Published: December 2017

It is becoming increasingly clear that a significant proportion of the functional sequence within eukaryotic genomes is noncoding. However, since the identification of conserved elements (CEs) has been restricted to a limited number of model organisms, the dynamics and evolutionary character of the genomic landscape of conserved, and hence likely functional, sequence is poorly understood in most species. Moreover, identification and analysis of the full suite of functional sequence are particularly important for the understanding of the genetic basis of trait loci identified in genome scans or quantitative trait locus mapping efforts. We report that ~6.6% of the collared flycatcher genome (74.0 Mb) is spanned by ~1.28 million CEs, a higher proportion of the genome but a lower total amount of conserved sequence than has been reported in mammals. We identified >200,000 CEs specific to either the archosaur, avian, neoavian or passeridan lineages, constituting candidates for lineage‐specific adaptations. Importantly, no less than ~71% of CE sites were nonexonic (52.6 Mb), and conserved nonexonic sequence density was negatively correlated with functional exonic density at local genomic scales. Additionally, nucleotide diversity was strongly reduced at nonexonic conserved sites (0.00153) relative to intergenic nonconserved sites (0.00427). By integrating deep transcriptome sequencing and additional genome annotation, we identified novel protein‐coding genes, long noncoding RNA genes and transposon‐derived (exapted) CEs. The approach taken here based on the use of a progressive cactus whole‐genome alignment to identify CEs should be readily applicable to nonmodel organisms in general and help to reveal the rich repertoire of putatively functional noncoding sequence as targets for selection.
A dominant‐interfering camta3 mutation compromises primary transcriptional outputs mediated by both cell surface and intracellular immune receptors in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Jacob Florence , Kracher Barbara , Mine Akira , Seyfferth Carolin , Blanvillain‐Baufumé Servane , Parker Jane E. , Tsuda Kenichi , Schulze‐Lefert Paul , Maekawa Takaki
Published: December 2017

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and nucleotide‐binding domain and leucine‐rich repeat (LRR)‐containing proteins (NLRs) initiate pattern‐triggered immunity (PTI) and effector‐triggered immunity (ETI), respectively, each associated with the activation of an overlapping set of defence genes. The regulatory mechanism behind this convergence of PTI‐ and ETI‐mediated defence gene induction remains elusive.

We generated transgenic Arabidopsis plants that enable conditional NLR activation without pathogen infection to dissect NLR‐ and PRR‐mediated transcriptional signals. A comparative analysis of over 40 transcriptome datasets linked calmodulin‐binding transcription activators (CAMTAs) to the activation of overlapping defence genes in PTI and ETI. We used a dominant camta3 mutant (camta3‐D) to assess CAMTA functions in the corresponding transcriptional regulation.

Transcriptional regulation by NLRs, although highly similar to PTI responses, can be established independently of pathogen‐associated molecular pattern (PAMP) perception, defence phytohormones and host cell death. Conditional expression of the N‐terminal coiled‐coil domain of the barley MLA (Mildew resistance locus A) NLR is sufficient to trigger similar transcriptional reprogramming as full‐length NLRs. CAMTA‐binding motifs are overrepresented in the 5′ regulatory regions of the identified primary immune response genes, consistent with their altered expression and disease resistance responses in camta3‐D plants.

We propose that CAMTA‐mediated transcriptional regulation defines an early convergence point in NLR‐ and PRR‐mediated signalling.
Global patterns of insect herbivory in gap and understorey environments, and their implications for woody plant carbon storage
Authors: Piper Frida I. , Altmann Scott H. , Lusk Christopher H.
Published: December 2017

Insect herbivory is thought to favour carbon allocation to storage in juveniles of shade‐tolerant trees. This argument assumes that insect herbivory in the understorey is sufficiently intense as to select for storage; however, understoreys might be less attractive to insect herbivores than canopy gaps, because of low resource availability and – at temperate latitudes – low temperatures. Although empirical studies show that shade‐tolerant species in tropical forests do allocate more photosynthate to storage than their light‐demanding associates, the same pattern has not been consistently observed in temperate forests. Does this reflect a latitudinal trend in the relative activity of insect herbivory in gap versus understorey environments? To date there has been no global review of the effect of light environment on insect herbivory in forests. We postulated that if temperature is the primary factor limiting insect herbivory, the effect of gaps on rates of insect herbivory should be more evident in temperate than in tropical forests; due to low growing season temperatures in the oceanic temperate forests of the Southern Hemisphere, the effect of gaps on insect herbivory rates should in turn be stronger there than in the more continental temperate climates of the Northern Hemisphere. We examined global patterns of insect herbivory in gaps versus understories through meta‐analysis of 87 conspecific comparisons of leaf damage in contrasting light environments. Overall, insect herbivory in gaps was significantly higher than in the understorey; insect herbivory was 50% higher in gaps than in understoreys of tropical forests but did not differ significantly between gaps and understories in temperate forests of either hemisphere. Results are consistent with the idea that low resource availability – and not temperature – limits insect herbivore activity in forest understoreys, especially in the tropics, and suggest the selective influence of insect herbivory on late‐successional tree species may have been over‐estimated.
Workplace discrimination: A meta‐analytic extension, critique, and future research agenda
Authors: Dhanani Lindsay Y. , Beus Jeremy M. , Joseph Dana L.
Published: December 2017

Despite a large and growing literature on workplace discrimination, there has been a myopic focus on the direct relationships between discrimination and a common set of outcomes. The aim of this meta‐analytic review was both to challenge and advance current understanding of workplace discrimination and its associations with outcomes by identifying the pathways through which discrimination affects outcomes, examining boundary conditions to explain when discrimination is most harmful for employees, and exploring a potential third variable explanation for discrimination–outcome relationships. Mediation tests indicated that workplace discrimination is associated with employee outcomes through both job stress and justice. Moderator analyses showed that discrimination appears to be most detrimental when it is observed rather than personally experienced, interpersonal rather than formal, and measured broadly rather than specifically. We also found that discrimination–outcome relationships differ across work and nonwork contexts and as a function of the social identity targeted by discrimination. Discrimination generally explained meaningful incremental variance in outcomes after controlling for the effects of negative affectivity, but the relationships between discrimination and health were substantially decreased. We conclude by offering a constructive critique of the empirical discrimination literature and by detailing an agenda for future research.
Fatal cardiac arrest in pediatric heart transplant recipients: Query of the UNOS database
Authors: Loar Robert W. , Denfield Susan W. , Morris Shaine A. , Tunuguntla Hari P. , Cabrera Antonio G. , Price Jack F. , Zhang Wei , Hosek Katherine , Kim Jeffrey J. , Dreyer William J. , Jeewa Aamir
Published: December 2017

The incidence of death by CA after PHTx is unknown. We aimed to determine the incidence and factors for fatal CA after PHTx, and whether a PM affects survival. Retrospective cohort study utilizing the United Network of Organ Sharing registry of patients transplanted ≤18 years. Multivariable analyses in hazard‐function domain and Kaplan‐Meier analyses were performed for an outcome of death due to CA. There were 7719 PHTx patients queried. CA was the reported cause of death in 11%. Age ≥13 years at time of transplant, presence of a PM, and depressed EF were identified as significant factors for fatal CA. Death due to CA beyond 10 years post‐transplant was associated with depressed EF, CAV, and presence of a PM. Kaplan‐Meier analysis demonstrated higher likelihood of fatal CA in patients with CAV and in those with a PM vs those without. In total, 15% of patients with a PM died from CA. CA is a relatively common cause of death after PHTx. The benefit of a PM remains unclear, but its presence does not confer complete protection. Patients with associated factors warrant vigilant surveillance and consideration for retransplantation.
Using trial‐level data and multilevel modeling to investigate within‐task change in event‐related potentials
Authors: Volpert‐Esmond Hannah I. , Merkle Edgar C. , Levsen Meredith P. , Ito Tiffany A. , Bartholow Bruce D.
Published: December 2017

EEG data, and specifically the ERP, provide psychologists with the power to examine quickly occurring cognitive processes at the native temporal resolution at which they occur. Despite the advantages conferred by ERPs to examine processes at different points in time, ERP researchers commonly ignore the trial‐to‐trial temporal dimension by collapsing across trials of similar types (i.e., the signal averaging approach) because of constraints imposed by repeated measures ANOVA. Here, we present the advantages of using multilevel modeling (MLM) to examine trial‐level data to investigate change in neurocognitive processes across the course of an experiment. Two examples are presented to illustrate the usefulness of this technique. The first demonstrates decreasing differentiation in N170 amplitude to faces of different races across the course of a race categorization task. The second demonstrates attenuation of the ERN as participants commit more errors within a task designed to measure implicit racial bias. Although the examples presented here are within the realm of social psychology, the use of MLM to analyze trial‐level EEG data has the potential to contribute to a number of different theoretical domains within psychology.
Detection of deception: Event‐related potential markers of attention and cognitive control during intentional false responses
Authors: Gibbons Henning , Schnuerch Robert , Wittinghofer Christina , Armbrecht Anne‐Simone , Stahl Jutta
Published: December 2017

Successful deception requires the coordination of multiple mental processes, such as attention, conflict monitoring, and the regulation of emotion. We employed a simple classification task, assessing ERPs to further investigate the attentional and cognitive control components of (instructed) deception. In Experiment 1, 20 participants repeatedly categorized visually presented names of five animals and five plants. Prior to the experiment, however, each participant covertly selected one animal and one plant for deliberate misclassification. For these critical items, we observed significantly increased response times (RTs), error rates, and amplitudes of three ERP components: anterior P3a indicating the processing of task relevance, medial‐frontal negativity reflecting conflict monitoring, and posterior P3b indicating sustained visual attention. In a blind identification of the individual critical words based on a priori defined criteria, an algorithm using two behavioral and two ERP measures combined showed a sensitivity of 0.73 and a specificity of 0.95, thus performing far above chance (0.2/0.2). Experiment 2 used five clothing and five furniture names and successfully replicated the findings of Experiment 1 in 25 new participants. For detection of the critical words, the algorithm from Experiment 1 was reused with only slight adjustments of the ERP time windows. This resulted in a very high detection performance (sensitivity 0.88, specificity 0.94) and significantly outperformed an algorithm based on RT alone. Thus, at least under controlled laboratory conditions, a highly accurate detection of instructed lies via the attentional and cognitive control components is feasible, and benefits strongly from combined behavioral and ERP measures.
Politics of Disclosure: Organizational Transparency as Multiactor Negotiation
Authors: Heimstädt Maximilian , Dobusch Leonhard
Published: December 2017

Transparency is in vogue, yet it is often used as an umbrella concept for a wide array of phenomena. More focused concepts are needed to understand the form and function of different phenomena of visibility. In this article, the authors define organizational transparency as systematic disclosure programs that meet the information needs of other actors. Organizational transparency, they argue, is best studied as an interorganizational negotiation process on the field level. To evaluate its merit, the authors apply this framework to a case study on the introduction of open data in the Berlin city administration. Analyzing the politics of disclosure, they consider the similarities and differences between phenomena of visibility (e.g., open data, freedom of information), explore the transformative power of negotiating transparency, and deduce recommendations for managing transparency.
Native seed trade of herbaceous species for restoration: a European policy perspective with global implications
Authors: Abbandonato Holly , Pedrini Simone , Pritchard Hugh W. , De Vitis Marcello , Bonomi Costantino
Published: December 2017

With the need to meet ambitious restoration targets, an improved native seed sector for the production of herbaceous species with a practical and supportive policy framework is recognized. We evaluated the current “ready‐made” policy frameworks in Europe regarding the native seed supply of herbaceous species and found them to be, generally, unsatisfactory for both producers and users. Initially, such policies were designed for fodder seed and relate to distinctness, uniformity, and stability, traits that do not reflect the genetic heterogeneity of native species required for ecological restoration. Until recently, more suitable certification standards were designed to multiply fodder seed for preservation of the natural environment; however, due to the disparateness of the seed market in Europe, this policy is rarely practical and fails to encompass all herbaceous native species often resulting in unregulated seed sales. We recommend a new or adapted native seed policy constructed through a participatory or bottom‐up approach and supported through the formation of widely based trade associations. Such a policy could stimulate the native seed trade with concomitant impacts on the speed of improving ecosystem services.
Models of care for non‐invasive ventilation in the Acute COPD Comparison of three Tertiary hospitals (ACT3) study
Authors: Parker Kerry , Perikala Vara , Aminazad Ali , Deng Zheng , Borg Brigitte , Buchan Catherine , Toghill Jo , Irving Louis B. , Goldin Jeremy , Charlesworth David , Mahal Ajay , Illesinghe Suhith , Naughton Matthew T. , Young Alan
Published: December 2017

Background and objective

Non‐invasive ventilation (NIV) improves clinical outcomes in hypercapnic acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD), but the optimal model of care remains unknown.

Methods

We conducted a prospective observational non‐inferiority study comparing three models of NIV care: general ward (Ward) (1:4 nurse to patient ratio, thrice weekly consultant ward round), a high dependency unit (HDU) (1:2 ratio, twice daily ward round) and an intensive care unit (ICU) (1:1 ratio, twice daily ward round) model in three similar teaching tertiary hospitals. Changes in arterial blood gases (ABG) and clinical outcomes were compared and corrected for differences in AECOPD severity (Blood urea > 9 mmol/L, Altered mental status (Glasgow coma scale (GCS) < 14), Pulse > 109 bpm, age > 65 (BAP‐65)) and co‐morbidities. An economic analysis was also undertaken.

Results

There was no significant difference in age (70 ± 10 years), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) (0.84 ± 0.35 L), initial pH (7.29 ± 0.08), partial pressure of CO2 in arterial blood (PaCO2) (72 ± 22 mm Hg) or BAP‐65 scores (2.9 ± 1.01) across the three models. The Ward achieved an increase in pH (0.12 ± 0.07) and a decrease in PaCO2 (12 ± 18 mm Hg) that was equivalent to HDU and ICU. However, the Ward treated more patients (38 vs 28 vs 15, P < 0.001), for a longer duration in the first 24 h (12.3 ± 4.8 vs 7.9 ± 4.1 vs 8.4 ± 5.3 h, P < 0.05) and was more cost‐effective per treatment day ($AUD 1231 ± 382 vs 1745 ± 2673 vs 2386 ± 1120, P < 0.05) than HDU and ICU. ICU had a longer hospital stay (9 ± 11 vs 7 ± 7 vs 13 ± 28 days, P < 0.002) compared with the Ward and HDU. There was no significant difference in intubation rate or survival.

Conclusion

In acute hypercapnic Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, the Ward model of NIV care achieved equivalent clinical outcomes, whilst being more cost‐effective than HDU or ICU models.
Aging and Cardiometabolic Risk in European HEMS Pilots: An Assessment of Occupational Old‐Age Limits as a Regulatory Risk Management Strategy
Authors: Bauer Hans , Nowak Dennis , Herbig Britta
Published: December 2017

Old‐age limits are imposed in some occupations in an effort to ensure public safety. In aviation, the “Age 60 Rule” limits permissible flight operations conducted by pilots aged 60 and over. Using a retrospective cohort design, we assessed this rule's validity by comparing age‐related change rates of cardiometabolic incapacitation risk markers in European helicopter emergency medical service (HEMS) pilots near age 60 with those in younger pilots. Specifically, individual clinical, laboratory, and electrocardiogram (ECG)‐based risk markers and an overall cardiovascular event risk score were determined from aeromedical examination records of 66 German, Austrian, Polish, and Czech HEMS pilots (average follow‐up 8.52 years). Risk marker change rates were assessed using linear mixed models and generalized additive models. Body mass index increases over time were slower in pilots near age 60 compared to younger pilots, and fasting glucose levels increased only in the latter. Whereas the lipid profile remained unchanged in the latter, it improved in the former. An ECG‐based arrhythmia risk marker increased in younger pilots, which persisted in the older pilots. Six‐month risk of a fatal cardiovascular event (in or out of cockpit) was estimated between 0% and 0.3%. Between 41% and 95% of risk marker variability was due to unexplained time‐stable between‐person differences. To conclude, the cardiometabolic risk marker profile of HEMS pilots appears to improve over time in pilots near age 60, compared to younger pilots. Given large stable interindividual differences, we recommend individualized risk assessment of HEMS pilots near age 60 instead of general grounding.
Family functioning evaluated by family members of older patients and nurses in emergency departments
Authors: Demidenko Jekaterina , Routasalo Pirkko , Helminen Mika , Paavilainen Eija , Suominen Tarja
Published: December 2017

The functioning of families in emergency departments (EDs) encompasses the level at which the families of older patients perform as a whole during the ED stay. Currently, little is known about how the families of older patients function in EDs. In this study, family functioning included the subareas of family strengths, structural factors and relationships both inside and outside the family. The study aimed to describe family functioning in EDs as evaluated by both the family members (n = 111) of older patients and nurses (n = 93). The data were collected from four Estonian hospitals, and the scale used was the Family Functioning, Health and Social Support scale. The results showed that both the family members and nurses evaluated family functioning and all its subareas as being moderate. Family structural factors were found to be associated with the family members’ social status. The scores in the subareas were higher when older patients had received help from family members before the ED visit. The family members and nurses differed significantly in the scores they gave for family functioning in general and for all the subareas. No association was found between family functioning as rated by nurses and the families’ demographic characteristics. These results suggest that nurses should pay more attention to family functioning in general and to the structural factors within the family, including internal relationships, while older patients are in the ED. Comprehensive knowledge about how families function during an ED stay may help nurses to better meet the needs of older patients and their families and help them to prepare families to provide aftercare at home. Our findings support the idea that healthcare organisation and delivery should be more family centred.
Substantial injuries influence ranking position in young elite athletes of athletics, cross‐country skiing and orienteering
Authors: von Rosen P. , Heijne A.
Published: December 2017

The relationship between injury and performance in young athletes is scarcely studied. The aim of this study was therefore to explore the association between injury prevalence and ranking position among adolescent elite athletes. One hundred and sixty‐two male and female adolescent elite athletes (age range 15‐19), competing in athletics (n = 59), cross‐country skiing (n = 66), and orienteering (n = 37), were monitored weekly over 22‐47 weeks using a web‐based injury questionnaire. Ranking lists were collected. A significant (P = .003) difference was found in the seasonal substantial injury prevalence across the ranked athletes over the season, where the top‐ranked (median 3.6%, 25‐75th percentiles 0%‐14.3%) and middle‐ranked athletes (median 2.3%, 25‐75th percentiles 0%‐10.0%) had a lower substantial injury prevalence compared to the low‐ranked athletes (median 11.3%, 25‐75th percentiles 2.5%‐27.1%), during both preseason (P = .002) and competitive season (P = .031). Athletes who improved their ranking position (51%, n = 51) reported a lower substantial injury prevalence (median 0%, 25‐75th percentiles 0%‐10.0%) compared to those who decreased (49%, n = 49) their ranking position (md 6.7%, 25‐75th percentiles 0%‐22.5%). In the top‐ranked group, no athlete reported substantial injury more than 40% of all data collection time points compared to 9.6% (n = 5) in the middle‐ranked, and 17.3% (n = 9) in the low‐ranked group. Our results provide supporting evidence that substantial injuries, such as acute and overuse injuries leading to moderate or severe reductions in training or sports performance, influence ranking position in adolescent elite athletes. The findings are crucial to stakeholders involved in adolescent elite sports and support the value of designing effective preventive interventions for substantial injuries.
Visibility as Resistance by Muslim Americans in a Surveillance and Security Atmosphere
Authors: Shams Tahseen
Published: December 2017

Based on ethnographic data on South Asian Muslims in Los Angeles and analysis of publications of the largest Muslim organization in North America, this article shows how Muslim Americans manage their hypervisibility in the post‐9/11 security atmosphere, which has intensified after ISIS terrorist attacks at home and abroad. At the individual level, Muslim Americans try to distance themselves from the “Muslim” label, which associates them with “terrorists.” Instead, many self‐categorize into the seemingly more favorable “moderate” identity, which could sometimes render Muslims politically passive. Contrastingly, Muslim organizations strive to construct a “Muslim American” identity that can allow Muslims to engage in mainstream politics by reframing Islam as compatible with American values. Theoretically, this article engages with the scholarship on security, surveillance, and visibility to show how the observed's visibility is not always only repressive but can also be used to resist imposed categories. However, findings reflect how the racialization of Muslims and the security regime give these strategies a double edge—while providing some advantages, these do little to dismantle Muslims’ hypervisibility and the security atmosphere. Overall, findings shed light on the contemporary issue of Muslim identification—not just in terms of how others see Muslims but also how Muslims see themselves.
High‐throughput, high‐accuracy determination of coefficient of thermal expansion of carbon fibre–epoxy composites using digital image correlation
Authors: Dong Y. L. , Zhang Z. Y. , Pan B.
Published: December 2017

High‐throughput, high‐accuracy determination of thermal deformation and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of carbon fibre–epoxy composites using 2D‐digital image correlation (2D‐DIC) is described. With the aid of a specially designed ultra‐stable and high fidelity imaging system, which integrates a high‐quality bilateral telecentric lens with monochromatic blue light illumination, surface images of multiple samples heated by a heating furnace can be captured simultaneously. The images of these samples at different temperatures are processed by advanced DIC algorithm to extract the thermal strains and the CTE of isotropic Al alloy, anisotropic unidirectional, and bidirectional carbon fibre–epoxy composites. Pure thermal expansions of these samples obtained after removing the small rigid‐body rotations clearly indicate the isotropic and anisotropic expansions of these samples. The well‐agreed results with literature values demonstrate the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed method for high‐throughput and high‐accuracy CTE measurements.
The challenges of implementing an integrated One Health surveillance system in Australia
Authors: Johnson I. , Hansen A. , Bi P.
Published: December 2017

As 75 per cent of emerging infectious diseases are of animal origin, a One Health approach that integrates the health of humans, animals and the environment could provide an earlier opportunity for zoonotic disease detection and prevention. In Australia, human, animal and ecological health are managed by separate sectors with limited communication. This study aims to explore how professionals in these fields perceive a One Health approach to zoonotic disease surveillance, aiming to identify the challenges to the implementation of an integrated system in Australia. Using a qualitative research method, ten semistructured interviews were conducted with academic experts to gain insight into the possibility of developing an integrated surveillance system in Australia. A thematic analysis of the data was undertaken. Findings showed the absence of a clear definition and subsequent vision for the future of One Health act as a barrier to interdisciplinary collaboration, and that siloed approaches by different sectors restrict the ability for professionals to work collaboratively across disciplines. An understanding of disease transmission was considered by participants to be a necessary requirement for a successful One Health approach. Finally, participants considered political will an essential requirement for the integration of surveillance systems. This study demonstrates that for a One Health approach to be implemented in an Australian setting, those working in the fields of human, animal and ecological health must agree on several aspects. The establishment of a formal governance body with representatives from each sector could assist in overcoming long‐standing barriers of privacy and distrust. Further, developing interdisciplinary training in One Health concepts for medical, environmental and veterinary students may encourage cross‐disciplinary collaboration. Finally, demonstrating to policymakers the economic benefit of improved and timely detection of zoonoses may help in facilitating a structured One Health approach to disease surveillance in Australia.
Spectrum of commuting graphs of some classes of finite groups
Authors: Nath Rajat Kanti , Dutta Jutirekha
Published: December 2017

In this paper, we initiate the study of spectrum of the commuting graphs of finite non-abelian groups. We first compute the spectrum of this graph for several classes of finite groups, in particular AC-groups. We show that the commuting graphs of finite non-abelian AC-groups are integral. We also show that the commuting graph of a finite non-abelian group G is integral if G is not isomorphic to the symmetric group of degree 4 and the commuting graph of G is planar. Further, it is shown that the commuting graph of G is integral if its commuting graph is toroidal.
Linear program fixed-point representation
Authors: Abdullah Jalaluddin Morris
Published: December 2017

From a linear program and its asymmetric dual, invariant primal and dual problems are constructed. Regular mappings are defined between the solution spaces of the original and invariant problems. The notion of centrality is introduced and subsets of regular mappings are shown to be inversely related surjections of central elements, thus representing the original problems as invariant problems. A fixed-point problem involving an idempotent symmetric matrix is constructed from the invariant problems and the notion of centrality carried over to it; the non-negative central fixed-points are shown to map one-to-one to the central solutions to the invariant problems, thus representing the invariant problems as a fixed-point problem and, by transitivity, the original problems as a fixed-point problem.
The development of Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System model to diagnosis diabetes disease data set
Authors: Mamuda Mamman , Sathasivan Saratha
Published: December 2017

Medical diagnosis is the extrapolation of the future course and outcome of a disease and a sign of the likelihood of recovery from that disease. Diagnosis is important because it is used to guide the type and intensity of the medication to be administered to patients. A hybrid intelligent system that combines the fuzzy logic qualitative approach and Adaptive Neural Networks (ANNs) with the capabilities of getting a better performance is required. In this paper, a method for modeling the survival of diabetes patient by utilizing the application of the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) is introduced with the aim of turning data into knowledge that can be understood by people. The ANFIS approach implements the hybrid learning algorithm that combines the gradient descent algorithm and a recursive least square error algorithm to update the antecedent and consequent parameters. The combination of fuzzy inference that will represent knowledge in an interpretable manner and the learning ability of neural network that can adjust the membership functions of the parameters and linguistic rules from data will be considered. The proposed framework can be applied to estimate the risk and survival curve between different diagnostic factors and survival time with the explanation capabilities.
Investigating the Implementation of Higher Order Thinking Skills in Malaysian Classrooms: Insights from L2 Teaching Practices
Authors: Abdul Aziz @Ahmad Azian , Ismail Fauziah , Ibrahim Noor Mala , Samat Norhanim Abdul
Published: December 2017

In preparing for the 21st century workforce, many education systems have integrated creative and critical thinking elements in the teaching and learning process by instilling higher order thinking skills (HOTS) in students. This research examines English language (L2) teachers’ awareness and practices in promoting HOTS in the English Language classrooms in Malaysia. Data were collected from practicing L2 teachers through questionnaires, semi-structured interviews and structured observations. Findings of this research suggest that implementation of HOTS in the L2 classroom is very minimal and hindered by various factors, particularly those related to student, pedagogical and institutional factors. This implies the need for a more holistic and integrated approach involving L2 teachers, students and administrators in ensuring the successful implementation of HOTS in the L2 classrooms.
Patient Decision Aids in Doctor-Patient Consultations: Treatment Decision Making on Starting Insulin
Authors: Mohd Don Zuraidah , Syed Ayeshah
Published: December 2017

Patient decision aids (PDAs) are increasingly used to support treatment decision making in type 2 diabetes. However, research on PDAs generally involves quantitative analysis or focuses on physicians’ communicative practices, with limited data on how PDAs are used collaboratively in doctor-patient consultations. We apply discourse analytic methods to 11 recorded consultations during which a PDA on starting insulin was used. Purposive sampling was used to select participants from different healthcare settings and demographic profiles. Our analysis first addresses general questions on PDA use in the consultations, such as when it was used or mentioned in the consultation and by whom, before categorising the turns in which the PDA is mentioned or used by doctors and patients, according to the actions being performed. Next, we focus on consultations in which the patients have already read the PDA, and analyse the sequences of talk that occur after the doctor brings the PDA into the conversation. Our analysis shows that doctor talk on the PDA not only facilitated information provision, but also allowed doctors to elicit and explore the patient’s knowledge and perspectives. However, the kinds of questions that doctors asked tend to limit patient participation, and their focus on the PDA at times overshadowed patient contributions. More attention to doctors’ discursive choices can facilitate more patient-centred practices in using PDAs.
Ciudad y desarrollo: imaginario empresarial y forestal en concepción, Chile
Authors: Carrasco Henríquez Noelia Gabriela , Aliste Almuna Enrique
Published: December 2017

Las principales empresas forestales en Chile poseen sus enclaves de gestión en la Región del Biobío. Desde allí, despliegan programas y diseñan acciones que ponen de manifiesto las convicciones actuales del mundo empresarial respecto del territorio y sus usos. Como objetivo, proponemos examinar aquí el modo en que los imaginarios empresariales de la ciudad capitalista se instalan y expanden favoreciendo un motor ideológico y cultural propio del actual capitalismo multinacional. Desde una metodología etnográfica complementada con datos y alcances de la geografía, se propone la descripción de este imaginario del espacio urbano desarrollado, a partir de referentes operativos, políticos e históricos. Los resultados obtenidos refuerzan la interpretación de las transformaciones de la ciudad al compás de la evolución del capitalismo organizado en el territorio por la expansión de la industria forestal
Autoconstrucción y autopoiesis: las casas expresivas
Authors: Toledo Castellanos Ricardo
Published: December 2017

Partiendo de una concepción de la existencia humana como el proyecto de llegar a ser lo que se quiere ser, este artículo explora la relación de protección-expresión que vincula a los constructores-habitantes con sus hogares.  Esta condición de proyecto se origina en la noción lacaniana de “Estadio del espejo”, un movimiento inicial de expansión que va de la fuerza íntima del yo a la imagen del cuerpo y luego a la apertura en el mundo. Ya que nacen expresando la existencia, las casas autoconstruidas por etapas, tan presentes en las ciudades de Latinoamérica, sobre todo en los sectores marginales de las ciudades, mantienen su carácter de proyecto y por eso mismo de índices del momento de la existencia de sus habitantes.  Así mismo, como ejercicio profesional de la creatividad y de la sensibilidad, la práctica artística es asumida como laboratorio de experimentación de tácticas productivas y a la vez como herramienta de visibilización de las fuerzas vitales depositadas en la vivienda autoconstruida y comúnmente pasadas por alto por los estudios institucionales que tienen injerencia sobre sus derechos.
La teoría de la sustitución: de la protección de la supremacía e integridad de la constitución, a la aniquilación de la titularidad del poder de reforma constitucional en el órgano legislativo
Authors: García-Jaramillo Santiago , Gnecco-Estrada Francisco
Published: December 2017

El presente artículo no pretende poner en duda el control de constitucionalidad, radicado en la rama judicial, que desde 1910 se erige como principio del modelo de Estado de Derecho colombiano, sino que busca formular una crítica al control de constitucionalidad, realizado por un órgano judicial, a las reformas constitucionales, en especial a las adelantadas por la rama legislativa como uno de los titulares del poder de reforma constitucional. Para ello se parte de un análisis histórico que permitirá demostrar que la tesis de la sustitución no tiene su origen en la Sentencia C-551-03, sino que está antecedida de la revisión de reformas constitucionales a la Constitución de 1886. Además, esto pondrá en evidencia que esta teoría ha sido utilizada más en contextos históricos y políticos que han llevado a la rama judicial a aplicar el control constitucional de reforma como herramienta política. Por otro lado, un análisis desde la Constitución de 1991 hará palmario que la teoría de la sustitución, aun cuando puede tener una fundamentación política, carece de sustento jurídico en ese texto constitucional, pues ante la ausencia de cláusulas pétreas, aquella confía a la Corte Constitucional el control estrictamente formal de las reformas constitucionales y el control de estas radica en el pueblo cuando las adelante el Congreso de la República.
Self-Determination Theory Perspective on Attachment, Need Satisfaction, and Well-Being in a Sample of Athletes: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Felton Luke , Jowett Sophia
Published: December 2017

The current study aimed to examine whether (a) mean differences and changes in athletes’ attachment style predicted psychological need satisfaction within two diverse relational contexts (coach and parent) and well-being, and (b) mean differences and changes in need satisfaction within the two relational contexts predicted well-being. One hundred and ten athletes aged between 15 and 32 years old completed a multisection questionnaire at three time points over a span of 6 months to assess the main study variables. Multilevel modeling revealed that insecure attachment styles (anxious and avoidant) predicted well-being outcomes at the within- and between-person levels. Avoidant attachment predicted need satisfaction within the parent relational context at both levels, and need satisfaction within the coach relational context at the between-person level. Need satisfaction within both relational contexts predicted various well-being outcomes at the between-person level, while need satisfaction within the parent relational context predicted vitality at the within-person level.
Athletes Connected: Results From a Pilot Project to Address Knowledge and Attitudes About Mental Health Among College Student-Athletes
Authors: Kern Adam , Heininger William , Klueh Emily , Salazar Stephanie , Hansen Barbara , Meyer Trish , Eisenberg Daniel
Published: December 2017

Student-athletes experience mental health problems, but they often encounter barriers to seeking help. This study reports findings from the pilot phase of Athletes Connected (AC), a new research and practice program at the University of Michigan addressing mental health and help-seeking behaviors among collegiate student-athletes. Members of the AC team gave presentations consisting of contact- and education-based interventions to every varsity athletic team at a large Division I Midwestern university, along with pre- and postsurvey questionnaires to measure their efficacy. The presentations included an educational overview of mental health, two videos highlighting former student-athletes’ struggles with mental illnesses, and a discussion at the end with the former athletes portrayed in the videos. A total of 626 student-athletes completed the pre- and postsurveys. Results indicated significant increases in knowledge and positive attitudes toward mental health and help-seeking. These results suggest that brief contact- and education-based interventions may be helpful in reducing stigma and promoting help-seeking behavior among college student-athletes.
Temporal Changes in Depression Symptoms in Male and Female Collegiate Student-Athletes
Authors: McGuire Lindsey C. , Ingram Yvette M. , Sachs Michael L. , Tierney Ryan T.
Published: December 2017

Depression rates in collegiate student-athletes in the literature are varied and inconclusive, and data have only explored depression symptoms utilizing a crosssectional design. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the temporal course of depression symptoms in student-athletes. Student-athletes (N = 93) from a Division II institution completed six administrations of a brief depression symptom screen once every 2 weeks throughout the fall athletic season. Ten (10.8%) student-athletes’ PHQ-9 surveys were red-flagged for moderate to severe depression symptoms at least once throughout the season. A mixed between-within subjects analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a significant interaction effect for time and sex in depression symptom scores, F(3.69, 335.70) = 10.36, p ≤ .001. The repeated-measures design of this study suggests that there are clinical benefits for screening for depression symptoms in student-athletes at multiple intervals throughout an athletic season.
Nanoparticle targeting to the endothelium during normothermic machine perfusion of human kidneys
Authors: Tietjen Gregory T. , Hosgood Sarah A. , DiRito Jenna , Cui Jiajia , Deep Deeksha , Song Eric , Kraehling Jan R. , Piotrowski-Daspit Alexandra S. , Kirkiles-Smith Nancy C. , Al-Lamki Rafia , Thiru Sathia , Bradley J. Andrew , Saeb-Parsy Kourosh , Bradley John R. , Nicholson Michael L. , Saltzman W. Mark , Pober Jordan S.
Published: December 2017

Anti-CD31 antibody conjugation can enhance nanoparticle accumulation in the vascular endothelium of human kidneys during ex vivo normothermic machine perfusion.
Expression of Toll-Like Receptor 2 by Dendritic Cells Is Essential for the DnaJ-ΔA146Ply-Mediated Th1 Immune Response against Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Wang Xiaofang , Yuan Taixian , Yuan Jun , Su Yufeng , Sun Xiaoyu , Wu Jingwen , Zhang Hong , Min Xun , Zhang Xuemei , Yin Yibing
Published: December 2017

The fusion protein DnaJ-ΔA146Ply could induce cross-protective immunity against pneumococcal infection via mucosal and subcutaneous immunization in mice in the absence of additional adjuvants. DnaJ and Ply are both Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) but not TLR2 ligands. However, we found that TLR2
−/−
mice immunized subcutaneously with DnaJ-ΔA146Ply showed significantly lower survival rates and higher bacterial loads in nasal washes than did wild-type (WT) mice after being challenged with pneumococcal strain D39 or 19F. The gamma interferon (IFN-γ) level in splenocytes decreased in TLR2
−/−
mice, indicating that Th1 immunity elicited by DnaJ-ΔA146Ply was impaired in these mice. We explored the mechanism of protective immunity conferred by DnaJ-ΔA146Ply and the role of TLR2 in this process. DnaJ-ΔA146Ply effectively promoted dendritic cell (DC) maturation via TLR4 but not the TLR2 signaling pathway. In a DnaJ-ΔA146Ply-treated DC and naive CD4
+
T cell coculture system, the deficiency of TLR2 in DCs resulted in a significant decline of IFN-γ production and Th1 subset differentiation. The same effect was observed in adoptive-transfer experiments. In addition, TLR2
−/−
DCs showed remarkably lower levels of the Th1-polarizing cytokine IL-12p70 than did WT DCs, suggesting that TLR2 was indispensable for DnaJ-ΔA146Ply-induced IL-12 production and Th1 proliferation. Thus, our findings illustrate that dendritic cell expression of TLR2 is essential for optimal Th1 immune response against pneumococci in mice immunized subcutaneously with DnaJ-ΔA146Ply.