bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Atypical neuroleptic malignant syndrome in an incarcerated patient: a demographic who may be at increased risk
Authors: Zabel Matthew , Kandukuri Rajeev
Published: February 2024

An incarcerated male patient with a psychiatric history of schizoaffective disorder presented to the emergency department with muscle rigidity and mutism after receiving a 150 mg haloperidol decanoate injection. At the peak of his illness, symptoms included muscular rigidity, mutism, excessive drooling, an altered level of consciousness, tachycardia, diaphoresis and tremors. Atypical neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) was diagnosed after discrediting similar illnesses through clinical reasoning, laboratory and imaging studies. He was successfully treated during a 40-day hospitalisation with lorazepam, amantadine, methocarbamol and supportive care. This case represents an atypical presentation of NMS due to the patient’s lack of fever development. Nonetheless, he satisfied many other criteria, most notably rapid symptom onset after receiving a first-generation antipsychotic medication. The case also provides an opportunity to discuss the prevalence of psychiatric illness among the US incarcerated population and incarceration as a risk factor for developing NMS.
The Brans–Dicke field in non-metricity gravity: cosmological solutions and conformal transformations
Authors: Paliathanasis Andronikos
Published: February 2024

We consider the Brans–Dicke theory in non-metricity gravity, which belongs to the family of symmetric teleparallel scalar–tensor theories. Our focus lies in exploring the implications of the conformal transformation, as we derive the conformal equivalent theory in the Einstein frame, distinct from the minimally coupled scalar field theory. The fundamental principle of the conformal transformation suggests the mathematical equivalence of the related theories. However, to thoroughly analyze the impact on physical variables, we investigate the spatially flat Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker geometry, defining the connection in the non-coincidence gauge. We construct exact solutions for the cosmological model in one frame and compare the physical properties in the conformal related frame. Surprisingly, we find that the general physical properties of the exact solutions remain invariant under the conformal transformation. Finally, we construct, for the first time, an analytic solution for the symmetric teleparallel scalar–tensor cosmology.
Revisiting Returns to Education in Thailand: Structural Causal Model Framework
Authors: Sirisrisakulchai Jirakom , Leurcharusmee Supanika
Published: February 2024

This paper revisits the causal relationship between education and earnings, or the returns to education, using Thailand’s socio-economic household survey data. We show that, with the minimum modeling assumption, the causal effect of education on earnings can be nonparametrically identified only when there is no unobserved ability affecting both education and earning, and when the selection mechanisms are conditionally independent to earnings conditioning on potential experience and education. The causal effects of education on earnings are estimated using a nonparametric approach with selection bias adjustment and parametric approaches with selection bias and ability bias adjustments. The results show different estimates for returns to education across model specifications, indicating the importance of the bias adjustments and parametric assumptions.
Improved BIO-Based Chinese Automatic Abstract-Generation Model
Authors: Li Qing , Wan Weibin , Zhao Yuming , Jiang Xiaoyan
Published: February 2024

With its unique information-filtering function, text summarization technology has become a significant aspect of search engines and question-and-answer systems. However, existing models that include the copy mechanism often lack the ability to extract important fragments, resulting in generated content that suffers from thematic deviation and insufficient generalization. Specifically, Chinese automatic summarization using traditional generation methods often loses semantics because of its reliance on word lists. To address these issues, we proposed the novel BioCopy mechanism for the summarization task. By training the tags of predictive words and reducing the probability distribution range on the glossary, we enhanced the ability to generate continuous segments, which effectively solves the above problems. Additionally, we applied reinforced canonicality to the inputs to obtain better model results, making the model share the sub-network weight parameters and sparsing the model output to reduce the search space for model prediction. To further improve the model’s performance, we calculated the bilingual evaluation understudy (BLEU) score on the English dataset CNN/DailyMail to filter the thresholds and reduce the difficulty of word separation and the dependence of the output on the word list. We fully fine-tuned the model using the LCSTS dataset for the Chinese summarization task and conducted small-sample experiments using the CSL dataset. We also conducted ablation experiments on the Chinese dataset. The experimental results demonstrate that the optimized model can learn the semantic representation of the original text better than other models and performs well with small sample sizes.
A Space-Grained Cleaning Method to Reduce Long-Tail Latency of DM-SMR Disks
Authors: Wu Chin-Hsien , Lee Cheng-Tze , Tsai Yi-Ren , Wu Cheng-Yen
Published: February 2024

DM-SMR (device-managed shingled magnetic recording) disks allocate a portion of disk space as the persistent cache (PC) to address the issue of overlapping tracks during data updates. When the PC space becomes insufficient, a space cleaning is triggered to reclaim its invalid space. However, the space cleaning is time-consuming and contributes to the long-tail latency of DM-SMR disks. In the article, we will propose a space-grained cleaning method that leverages various idle periods to effectively reduce the long-tail latency of DM-SMR disks. The objective is to perform a proper space-grained cleaning for a suitable space region at an appropriate time period, thereby preventing delays in subsequent I/O requests and reducing the long-tail latency associated with DM-SMR disks. The experimental results demonstrate a substantial reduction in the long-tail latency of DM-SMR disks through the proposed method.
Complementing Cell Taxonomies with a Multicellular Analysis of Tissues
Authors: Ramirez Flores Ricardo Omar , Schäfer Philipp Sven Lars , Küchenhoff Leonie , Saez-Rodriguez Julio
Published: February 2024

The application of single-cell molecular profiling coupled with spatial technologies has enabled charting of cellular heterogeneity in reference tissues and in disease. This new wave of molecular data has highlighted the expected diversity of single-cell dynamics upon shared external queues and spatial organizations. However, little is known about the relationship between single-cell heterogeneity and the emergence and maintenance of robust multicellular processes in developed tissues and its role in (patho)physiology. Here, we present emerging computational modeling strategies that use increasingly available large-scale cross-condition single-cell and spatial datasets to study multicellular organization in tissues and complement cell taxonomies. This perspective should enable us to better understand how cells within tissues collectively process information and adapt synchronized responses in disease contexts and to bridge the gap between structural changes and functions in tissues.
Stafne’s Bone Defect Correlated with Submandibular Glands: A Case Report and CBCT and MRI Analysis
Authors: Berberi Antoine
Published: February 2024

Stafne’s bone defect is a developmental anatomic bone defect in the lingual side of the mandible in the area of the mandibular angle that is filled with proliferation or translocation of adjacent structures such as salivary gland tissue. The etiology is still undefined, and two hypotheses are proposed: one is the glandular related to the submandibular or sublingual glands and the second is ischemic that affects the vascularization of the mandibular lingual. Usually, Stafne′s bone defect is accidentally detected on panoramic radiographs during dental treatments as a well‐limited radiolucency image with a clear peripheral regular condensation border, located below the mandibular canal. The differential diagnosis includes traumatic bone cyst, odontogenic and nonodontogenic cystic lesions, nonossifying fibroma, focal osteoporotic bone marrow defect, and other lesions. A case of Stafne’s bone defect on a 60‐year‐old male patient extending in the lingual posterior part of the mandibular region was presented. The panoramic radiograph revealed a well‐limited radiolucency image with a clear peripheral regular condensation border, located below the mandibular canal. The lesion was discovered in a routine radiographic exam: the cone beam computed tomography gave us more details about the localization, the shape and size, and the relation with the mandibular canal, and the magnetic resonance imaging identifies the nature of the inside soft tissue. The final diagnosis was a Stafne’s bone defect resulting of a depression of the lingual cortical plate filled with expansion of the submandibular gland.
Semiactive Control of Nonlinear Parametric Vibration of Super‐Long Stay Cable in Cable‐Stayed Bridge Installed with Magnetorheological Fluid Damper
Authors: Du Junping , Liu Min , Zhou Peng , Xiao Huigang
Published: February 2024

As the stay cables of cable‐stayed bridges become longer, parametric resonance with a large amplitude is more easily triggered, which becomes a vibration hazard of super‐long stay cables. An increasing number of practical applications of vibration mitigation on stay cables demonstrate that vibration control strategies can effectively facilitate hazard mitigation and improve cable‐stayed bridge reliability and service life. This study proposes a semiactive control approach to reduce the parametric vibration of super‐long stay cables in cable‐stayed bridges installed with magnetorheological fluid damper (MRFD). First, using the cable’s gravity sag curve equation, an equation governing the combined stay cable‐bridge deck‐damper control system was established to consider the effect of the chordwise force of cable gravity. Subsequently, a targeted LQR‐based optimal active control law is proposed to provide the target control force in the semiactive control. The parametric influences on the performance of the LQR‐based optimal active control were analysed to provide insight into the proposed control strategy. Since the semiactive control could achieve almost the same control efficacy of the targeted optimal active control, a semiactive control strategy employing MRFD is proposed to mitigate the parametric vibration of a super‐long stay cable. Based on the proposed semiactive control strategy, the system was attached with the MRFD of the longest cable, S36, in the designed prototype long cable‐stayed bridge. The efficacy of the established semiactive control system was also analysed. The analysis results confirm that the proposed semiactive control strategy and designed semiactive control system can perform similar to the LQR‐based optimal active control. The semiactive control system attached to the MRFD can mitigate the parametric vibration of super‐long stay cables in cable‐stayed bridge engineering practice.
Overexpression of FERM Domain Containing Kindlin 2 (FERMT2) in Fibroblasts Correlates with EMT and Immunosuppression in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Yin Sheng-yan , Liu Yuan-jie , Li Jie-pin , Liu Jian
Published: February 2024

The mesenchymal feature, dominated by epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stromal cell activation, is one of the main reasons for the aggressive nature of tumors, yet it remains poorly understood. In gastric cancer (GC), the fermitin family homolog-2 (FERMT2) is involved in macrophage signaling, promoting migration and invasion. However, the function of FERMT2 in fibroblasts remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that downregulation of FERMT2 expression can block EMT in GC cells by inhibiting fibroblast activation in vitro. Furthermore, we found that, in addition to the known pathways, fibroblast-derived FERMT2 promotes M2-like macrophage growth and that in human GC samples, there is a strong positive correlation between FERMT2 and CD163 and CD206 levels. Notably, high FERMT2 expression was significantly associated with poor clinical outcomes and was upregulated in patients with advanced disease. Taken together, our results provide evidence that the fibroblast-FERMT2-EMT-M2 macrophage axis plays a critical role in the GC mesenchymal phenotype and may be a promising target for the treatment of advanced GC.
Oil Palm Biomass Sap-Rotten Rice as a Source to Remove Metal Ions and Generate Electricity as By-Products through Microbial Fuel Cell Technology
Authors: Alshammari Anoud Saud , Aleid Ghada Mohamed , Ahmad Alamri Rahmah Dhahawi , Alomari Asma D. , Abdullahi Shehu Sa’ad , Mohammad Rania Edrees Adam
Published: February 2024

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a new and interesting technology that can be used to treat wastewater without using electricity. The current research focuses on electron generation, which is one of the technique’s major challenges. According to the latest literature, the study was planned to successfully remove the metals from artificial wastewater at high concentrations and generate electricity. On average, after 18 days of operation, it offered 610 mV with 1000 ῼ constant external resistance. The internal resistance was found to be 520 ῼ. The achieved power density was 3.164 mW/m2 at an external resistance of 1000 ῼ. The achieved removal efficiencies of Pb2+, Cd2+, Cr3+, and Ni2+ were 83.67%, 84.10%, 84.55%, and 95.99%, respectively. The operation lasted for 25 days. The cyclic voltameter studies show that there is a gradual oxidation rate of organic substances, while on day 25, the removal efficiency reached its maximum. The specific capacitance was found to be high between days 15 and 20, i.e., 0.0000540 F/g. It also indicated that biofilm was stable around day 18. Furthermore, the biological characterization also demonstrated that MFC operation was very smooth throughout the process, even at high concentrations (100 mg/L) of metal ions. Finally, there is the MFC method, as well as some new challenges and future recommendations.
A Nonconvex Proximal Bundle Method for Nonsmooth Constrained Optimization
Authors: Shen Jie , Guo Fang-Fang , Xu Na
Published: February 2024

An implementable algorithm for solving nonsmooth nonconvex constrained optimization is proposed by combining bundle ideas, proximity control, and the exact penalty function. We construct two kinds of approximations to nonconvex objective function; these two approximations correspond to the convex and concave behaviors of the objective function at the current point, which captures precisely the characteristic of the objective function. The penalty coefficients are increased only a finite number of times under the conditions of Slater constraint qualification and the boundedness of the constrained set, which limit the unnecessary penalty growth. The given algorithm converges to an approximate stationary point of the exact penalty function for constrained nonconvex optimization with weakly semismooth objective function. We also provide the results of some preliminary numerical testing to show the validity and efficiency of the proposed method.
Malmquist–Luenberger Productivity Index for a Two-Stage Structure in the Presence of Undesirable Outputs and Uncertainty
Authors: Shakouri Rita , Salahi Maziar
Published: February 2024

Network Data Envelopment Analysis (NDEA) models assess the processes of the underlying system at a certain moment and disregard the dynamic effects in the production process. Hence, distorted efficiency evaluation is gained that might give misleading information to decision-making units (DMUs). Malmquist–Luenberger Productivity Index (MPI) assesses efficiency changes over time, which are measured as the product of recovery and frontier-shift terms, both coming from the DEA framework. In this study, a form of MPI involving network structure for evaluating DMUs in the presence of uncertainty and undesirable outputs in two periods of time is presented. To cope with uncertainty, we use the stochastic p-robust approach and the weak disposability of Kuosmanen (American Journal Agricultural Economics 87 (4):1077–1082, 2005) proposed to take care of undesirable outputs. The proposed fractional models for stages and overall system are linearized by applying the Charnes and Cooper transformation. Finally, the proposed models are applied to evaluate the efficiency of 11 petroleum wells to identify the main factors determining their productivity, utilizing the data from the 2020 to 2021 period. The results show that the management of resource consumption, especially equipment and capital, is not appropriate and investment is inadequate. Although the depreciation rate of capital facilities in this industry is high, the purpose of the investment is not to upgrade the level of technology.
Homozygous Sickle Cell Disease after Age of 40: Follow‐Up of a Cohort of 209 Patients in Senegal, West Africa
Authors: Seck Moussa , Dabo Maureen Adéniké , Bousso Elimane Seydi , Keita Mohamed , Touré Sokhna Aïssatou , Guèye Sérigne Mourtalla , Faye Blaise Félix , Dieng Fatma , Diop Saliou
Published: February 2024

Objectives. The aim of this study was to describe the morbidity and mortality of homozygous sickle cell disease after the age of 40. Methods. This was a cohort study of 209 patients followed from 1994 to 2022. All hemoglobin electrophoresis‐confirmed SS sickle cell patients over 40 years were included. A descriptive study of epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic, and evolutionary data was used to assess morbidity and mortality. Results. Sex ratio (M/F) was 0.6. Median age was 47 (41–75). According to morbidity, 95.1% had less than 3 vaso‐occlusive crises/year. Acute anemia was the most frequent complication (52.63%). Chronic complications were noted in 32.5%. At diagnosis, mean hemoglobin was 8.1 g/dl ± 1.9, HbS was 86.5 ± 10, and HbF was 9.4 ± 7.6. Number of patients transfused was 66%. We noted that 8.1% of patients died, 29.2% were lost to follow‐up, and 62.7% were still being followed up. The risk factors identified for death were geographical origin, comorbidity, high HbS, low HbF, and thrombocytosis. Conclusion. This study shows that homozygous SCD is increasingly becoming an adult disease and that it can be carried into old age in Africa. Advanced age over 40 is marked by an upsurge in chronic complications, making it essential to set up a screening program and to organize multidisciplinary follow‐up.
Providing a Control System for Charging Electric Vehicles Using ANFIS
Authors: Mahdavi Zahra , Samavat Tina , Javanmardi Anita Sadat Jahani , Dashtaki Mohammad Ali , Zand Mohammad , Nasab Morteza Azimi , Nasab Mostafa Azimi , Padmanaban Sanjeevikumar , Khan Baseem
Published: February 2024

Frequency control, especially when incorporating distributed generation units such as wind and solar power plants, is crucial for maintaining grid stability. To address this issue, a study proposes a method for controlling the connection status of electric vehicles (EVs) to prevent frequency fluctuations. The method utilizes an adaptive neural-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and a whale optimization algorithm to regulate the charging or discharging of EV batteries based on frequency fluctuations. The objective is to minimize and adjust the frequency fluctuations to zero. The proposed method is evaluated using a real microgrid composed of a wind power plant, a solar power plant, a diesel generator, a large household load, an industrial load, and 711 electric vehicles. The ANFIS system serves as the primary controller, taking inputs such as electric vehicle and battery status and generating outputs that determine the charging or discharging of the electric vehicles. Several investigations are conducted to assess the effectiveness of this model, and the results obtained are compared with the normal state where electric vehicles only consume power. By implementing this method, it is expected that the connection status of electric vehicles can be optimized to help stabilize the grid and minimize frequency fluctuations caused by the integration of distributed renewable energy sources. This study highlights the importance of automatic frequency control in smart grids and offers a potential solution using ANFIS and the whale optimization algorithm.
Supplementary Table S3 from Unsatisfactory Fecal Immunochemical Tests for Colorectal Cancer Screening: Prevalence, Reasons, and Subsequent Testing
Authors: Liu Po-Hong , Nair Rasmi G. , Skinner Celette Sugg , Murphy Caitlin C. , Kim Eric J. , Ortiz Cynthia , Wang Lei , Hu Ellen , Lykken Jacquelyn M. , Levin Theodore R. , Green Beverly B. , Hahn Erin E. , Santini Noel , Halm Ethan A.
Published: February 2024

This table shows subsequent testing patterns within 15 months after an unsatisfactory FIT
Supplementary Methods S1 from Genetic and Environmental Causes of Variation in an Automated Breast Cancer Risk Factor Based on Mammographic Textures
Authors: Ye Zhoufeng , Dite Gillian S. , Nguyen Tuong L. , MacInnis Robert J. , Schmidt Daniel F. , Makalic Enes , Al-Qershi Osamah M. , Nguyen-Dumont Tu , Goudey Benjamin , Stone Jennifer , Dowty James G. , Giles Graham G. , Southey Melissa C. , Hopper John L. , Li Shuai
Published: February 2024

Supplementary Methods S1 describes the five models that were used for fitting the age-related trend of total variance and familial correlations in Cirrus
Supplementary Figure 1 from A Multiscale Spatiotemporal Epidemiological Analysis of Neighborhood Correlates of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Goldfinger Erica , Stoler Justin , Goel Neha
Published: February 2024

Figure S1. Robustness check of the study data’s geographical distribution. This scatterplot shows the relationship between the proportions of breast cancer cases at the census tract level in the Florida Cancer Data Service (FCDS) repository and in the cancer center patient registry used by this study.
Supplemental Table 1 from The Association between State-Level Structural Racism and Alcohol and Tobacco Use Behaviors among a National Probability Sample of Black Americans
Authors: Woodard Nathaniel , Butler James , Ghosh Debarchana , Green Kerry M. , Knott Cheryl L.
Published: February 2024

Supplemental Table 1 describes the dimensions and measures used in the state racism index
Supplementary Table 2 from Alcohol, Smoking, and Risks of Breast Cancer Recurrence and Mortality among Women with Luminal, Triple-Negative, and HER2-Overexpressing Breast Cancer
Authors: Loroña Nicole C. , Othus Megan , Malone Kathleen E. , Linden Hannah M. , Tang Mei-Tzu C. , Li Christopher I.
Published: February 2024

Supplementary Table 2 presents the risk of locoregional and distant breast cancer recurrence and risk of recurrence to bone, lung, and liver associated with smoking status at diagnosis, for luminal, triple-negative (TN), and overall breast cancer
Table S3 from Metabolic Syndrome and the Risk of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ of the Breast in the UK Biobank
Authors: Peila Rita , Rohan Thomas E.
Published: February 2024

Table S3 shows the association of metabolic syndrome with risk of DCIS among premenopausal women excluding women without a history of mammography at baseline.
Supplementary Table S2 from Genetic Factors and Long-term Treatment-Related Neurocognitive Deficits, Anxiety, and Depression in Childhood Leukemia Survivors: An Exome-Wide Association Study
Authors: Petrykey Kateryna , Lippé Sarah , Sultan Serge , Robaey Philippe , Drouin Simon , Affret-Bertout Laurence , Beaulieu Patrick , St-Onge Pascal , Baedke Jessica L. , Yasui Yutaka , Hudson Melissa M. , Laverdière Caroline , Sinnett Daniel , Krajinovic Maja
Published: February 2024

PLINK results for the Moderate-severe anxiety.
Supplementary Table S10 from Genetic Factors and Long-term Treatment-Related Neurocognitive Deficits, Anxiety, and Depression in Childhood Leukemia Survivors: An Exome-Wide Association Study
Authors: Petrykey Kateryna , Lippé Sarah , Sultan Serge , Robaey Philippe , Drouin Simon , Affret-Bertout Laurence , Beaulieu Patrick , St-Onge Pascal , Baedke Jessica L. , Yasui Yutaka , Hudson Melissa M. , Laverdière Caroline , Sinnett Daniel , Krajinovic Maja
Published: February 2024

Functional description of associations.
Table S2 from Potential for Cure by Stage across the Cancer Spectrum in the United States
Authors: Hubbell Earl , Clarke Christina A. , Smedby Karin E. , Adami Hans-Olov , Chang Ellen T.
Published: February 2024

Cure fraction (with 95% confidence interval) and residual excess risk by cancer type and stage at
diagnosis, overall or among cases who received primary surgical therapy with curative intent, ages 40–79 years at
diagnosis from 2006–2015, followed for mortality through 2020, Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 17
registries
Table S1 from Potential for Cure by Stage across the Cancer Spectrum in the United States
Authors: Hubbell Earl , Clarke Christina A. , Smedby Karin E. , Adami Hans-Olov , Chang Ellen T.
Published: February 2024

Cure fraction (with 95% confidence interval) and residual excess risk by cancer type and stage at
diagnosis, stratified by age group at diagnosis from 2006–2015, followed for mortality through 2020, Surveillance,
Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 17 registries
Supplementary Table S2 from Community-Level Factors Associated with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Incidence and Mortality: An Observational Registry Study
Authors: Mezzacappa Catherine , Rossi Raiza , Jaffe Ariel , Taddei Tamar H. , Strazzabosco Mario
Published: February 2024

Supplementary Table S2: Distribution of RUCA codes for all Connecticut ZIP Code tabulation areas (ZCTAs).
Table S3 from Correlates of Circulating Osteoprotegerin in Women with a Pathogenic or Likely Pathogenic Variant in the BRCA1 Gene
Authors: Park Sarah Sohyun , Zaman Tasnim , Kim Shana J. , Brooks Jennifer D. , Wong Andy Kin On , Lubiński Jan , Narod Steven A. , Salmena Leonardo , Kotsopoulos Joanne
Published: February 2024

Multivariable analysis of selected characteristics with OPG levels (pg/ml) in all women and stratified by menopausal status
Supplementary Figure S8 from Community-Level Factors Associated with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Incidence and Mortality: An Observational Registry Study
Authors: Mezzacappa Catherine , Rossi Raiza , Jaffe Ariel , Taddei Tamar H. , Strazzabosco Mario
Published: February 2024

Supplementary Figure S8: Correlation between average annual cases of HCC (y-axis) and proportion of adults living in poverty (x-axis).
Table S2 from Correlates of Circulating Osteoprotegerin in Women with a Pathogenic or Likely Pathogenic Variant in the BRCA1 Gene
Authors: Park Sarah Sohyun , Zaman Tasnim , Kim Shana J. , Brooks Jennifer D. , Wong Andy Kin On , Lubiński Jan , Narod Steven A. , Salmena Leonardo , Kotsopoulos Joanne
Published: February 2024

Sensitivity analysis: Multivariable analysis of selected characteristics with OPG levels (pg/ml) in all women
Supplementary Figure S7 from Trends of Prostate Cancer Morbidity in Low-Incidence Countries from 1990–2019
Authors: Jiang Jinjiang , Chen Bo , Tang Bo , Yang Jie , Zhang Ting , Li Jinze , Tan Daqing , Wei Qiang
Published: February 2024

Supplementary Figure S7 shows the age-specific burden of prostate cancer among Yemen, Kiribati, Kyrgyzstan, Samoa, Tajikistan in 1990 and 2019. (a) Variations in the age distribution of prostate cancer in Thailand are evident between 1990 and 2019. In 1990, the highest ASIR was observed in the 75-79 years age group, while by 2019, it had shifted to the 90-94 years age group. (b) Sudan exhibits a consistent age structure for prostate cancer in both 1990 and 2019, with the 90-94 years years age group having the highest ASIR in both years. (c) Variations in the age distribution of prostate cancer in Tajikistan are evident between 1990 and 2019. In 1990, the highest ASIR was observed in the 75-79 years age group, while by 2019, it had shifted to the 95+ years age group. (d) Yemen exhibits a consistent age structure for prostate cancer in both 1990 and 2019, with the 95+ years age group having the highest ASIR in both years. (e) Kiribati exhibits a consistent age structure for prostate cancer in both 1990 and 2019, with the 85-89 years age group having the highest ASIR in both years.
Supplementary Figure S6 from Trends of Prostate Cancer Morbidity in Low-Incidence Countries from 1990–2019
Authors: Jiang Jinjiang , Chen Bo , Tang Bo , Yang Jie , Zhang Ting , Li Jinze , Tan Daqing , Wei Qiang
Published: February 2024

Supplementary Figure S6 shows the age-specific burden of prostate cancer among Viet Nam, Timor Leste, Uzbekistan, Syrian Arab Republic, Turkmenistan, Thailand in 1990 and 2019. (a) Viet Nam exhibits a consistent age structure for prostate cancer in both 1990 and 2019, with the 90-94 years years age group having the highest ASIR in both years. (b) Timor Leste exhibits a consistent age structure for prostate cancer in both 1990 and 2019, with the 90-94 years years age group having the highest ASIR in both years. (c) Uzbekistan exhibits a consistent age structure for prostate cancer in both 1990 and 2019, with the 90-94 years age group having the highest ASIR in both years. (d) Syrian Arab Republic exhibits a consistent age structure for prostate cancer in both 1990 and 2019, with the 95+ years age group having the highest ASIR in both years. (e) Turkmenistan exhibits a consistent age structure for prostate cancer in both 1990 and 2019, with the 90-94 years age group having the highest ASIR in both years. (f) Variations in the age distribution of prostate cancer in Thailand are evident between 1990 and 2019. In 1990, the highest ASIR was observed in the 95+ years age group, while by 2019, it had shifted to the 80-84 years age group.
Supplementary Figure S3 from Trends of Prostate Cancer Morbidity in Low-Incidence Countries from 1990–2019
Authors: Jiang Jinjiang , Chen Bo , Tang Bo , Yang Jie , Zhang Ting , Li Jinze , Tan Daqing , Wei Qiang
Published: February 2024

Supplementary Figure S3 shows the age-specific burden of prostate cancer among Egypt, Ethiopia, Gambia, India, Iraq, Lao People's Democratic Republic in 1990 and 2019.(a) Minor variations in the age distribution of prostate cancer in Egypt were observed between 1990 and 2019, with the 90-94 years years age group having the highest ASIR in both years. (b) Variations in the age distribution of prostate cancer in Lao People's Democratic Republic are evident between 1990 and 2019. In 1990, the highest ASIR was observed in the 90-94 years age group, while by 2019, it had shifted to the 80-84 years age group. (c) Iraq exhibits a consistent age structure for prostate cancer in both 1990 and 2019, with the 90-94 years age group having the highest ASIR in both years. (d) Minor variations in the age distribution of prostate cancer in India were observed between 1990 and 2019. In 1990, the highest ASIR was observed in the 90-94 years age group, while by 2019, it had shifted to the 95+ years age group.(e) Ethiopia exhibits a consistent age structure for prostate cancer in both 1990 and 2019, with the 90-94 years years age group having the highest ASIR in both years. (f) Gambia exhibits a consistent age structure for prostate cancer in both 1990 and 2019, with the 90-94 years years age group having the highest ASIR in both years.
Supplementary Figure S2 from Trends of Prostate Cancer Morbidity in Low-Incidence Countries from 1990–2019
Authors: Jiang Jinjiang , Chen Bo , Tang Bo , Yang Jie , Zhang Ting , Li Jinze , Tan Daqing , Wei Qiang
Published: February 2024

Supplementary Figure S2 shows the age-specific burden of prostate cancer among Afghanistan, Algeria, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Democratic People's Republic of Korea in 1990 and 2019. (a) Minor variations in the age distribution of prostate cancer in Afghanistan were observed between 1990 and 2019. In 1990, the highest ASIR was observed in the 90-94 years age group, while by 2019, it had shifted to the 95+ years age group. (b) Algeria exhibits a consistent age structure for prostate cancer in both 1990 and 2019, with the 95+ years age group having the highest ASIR in both years. (c) Bhutan exhibits a consistent age structure for prostate cancer in both 1990 and 2019, with the 95+ years age group having the highest ASIR in both years. (d) Bangladesh exhibits a consistent age structure for prostate cancer in both 1990 and 2019, with the 95+ years age group having the highest ASIR in both years. (e) Democratic People's Republic of Korea exhibits a consistent age structure for prostate cancer in both 1990 and 2019, with the 95+ years age group having the highest ASIR in both years.(f) China exhibits a consistent age structure for prostate cancer in both 1990 and 2019, with the 90-94 years years age group having the highest ASIR in both years.
Supplementary Figure S10 from Community-Level Factors Associated with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Incidence and Mortality: An Observational Registry Study
Authors: Mezzacappa Catherine , Rossi Raiza , Jaffe Ariel , Taddei Tamar H. , Strazzabosco Mario
Published: February 2024

Supplementary Figure S10: Correlation between average annual cases of HCC (y-axis) and proportion of adults reporting binge drinking (x-axis).
Supplementary Table 1 from Increase in the Life Expectancy of Patients with Cancer in the United States
Authors: Devasia Theresa P. , Howlader Nadia , Dewar Ron A. , Stevens Jennifer L. , Mittu Karen , Mariotto Angela B.
Published: February 2024

Supplementary table containing sensitivity analysis results for females aged 55 at diagnosis.
Supplementary Figure 6 from Increase in the Life Expectancy of Patients with Cancer in the United States
Authors: Devasia Theresa P. , Howlader Nadia , Dewar Ron A. , Stevens Jennifer L. , Mittu Karen , Mariotto Angela B.
Published: February 2024

Timeline of treatment advances for DLBCL showing treatments that received FDA approval between 1975 and 2018.
Supplementary Figure 5 from Increase in the Life Expectancy of Patients with Cancer in the United States
Authors: Devasia Theresa P. , Howlader Nadia , Dewar Ron A. , Stevens Jennifer L. , Mittu Karen , Mariotto Angela B.
Published: February 2024

Timeline of treatment advances for CRC showing treatments that received FDA approval between 1975 and 2018.
Supplementary Table S6 from The Influence of Smoking and Occupational Risk Factors on DNA Methylation in the AHRR and F2RL3 Genes
Authors: Pelland-St-Pierre Laura , Pham Michael C. , Nguyen Alice Quynh Huong , Pasquet Romain , Taylor Sherryl A. , Bosson-Rieutort Delphine , Koushik Anita , Ho Vikki
Published: February 2024

Supplementary Table S6 shows regression coefficients that denote the difference in average DNA methylation level, as derived from the mean methylation ratios across all estimated CpG sites in the AHRR gene, and their associated 95%CI relative to the reference group. Multivariable models included adjustment for age, sex, phase of blood sampling, education level, ethnicity, and smoking (CSI - cumulative smoking index, not for never smokers). FWI of 0 was used to classify those as never exposed, >0-population median value as ‘Low exposure’ and ≥population median value as ‘High exposure.’
Data from Unsatisfactory Fecal Immunochemical Tests for Colorectal Cancer Screening: Prevalence, Reasons, and Subsequent Testing
Authors: Liu Po-Hong , Nair Rasmi G. , Skinner Celette Sugg , Murphy Caitlin C. , Kim Eric J. , Ortiz Cynthia , Wang Lei , Hu Ellen , Lykken Jacquelyn M. , Levin Theodore R. , Green Beverly B. , Hahn Erin E. , Santini Noel , Halm Ethan A.
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground:
Fecal immunochemical test (FIT) is an effective colorectal cancer screening modality. Little is known about prevalence, reasons, and testing after unsatisfactory FIT, or a FIT that cannot be processed by the laboratory due to inadequate stool specimen or incomplete labeling.
Methods:
Our retrospective cohort study examined unsatisfactory FIT among average-risk individuals aged 50–74 years in a large, integrated, safety-net health system who completed an index FIT from 2010 to 2019. We determined prevalence of unsatisfactory FIT and categorized reasons hierarchically. We used multivariable logistic regression models to identify factors associated with: (i) unsatisfactory FIT; and (ii) subsequent testing within 15 months of the unsatisfactory FIT.
Results:
Of 56,980 individuals completing an index FIT, 10.2% had an unsatisfactory FIT. Reasons included inadequate specimen (51%), incomplete labeling (27%), old specimen (13%), and broken/leaking container (8%). Unsatisfactory FIT was associated with being male [OR, 1.10; confidence interval (CI), 1.03–1.16], Black (OR, 1.46; CI, 1.33–1.61), Spanish speaking (OR, 1.12; CI, 1.01–1.24), on Medicaid (OR, 1.42; CI, 1.28–1.58), and received FIT by mail (OR, 2.66; CI, 2.35–3.01). Among those with an unsatisfactory FIT, fewer than half (41%) completed a subsequent test within 15 months (median, 4.4 months). Adults aged 50–54 years (OR, 1.16; CI, 1.01–1.39) and those who received FIT by mail (OR, 1.92; CI, 1.49–2.09) were more likely to complete a subsequent test.
Conclusions:
One in ten returned a FIT that could not be processed, mostly due to patient-related reasons. Fewer than half completed a subsequent test after unsatisfactory FIT.
Impact:
Screening programs should address these breakdowns such as specimen collection and labeling to improve real-world effectiveness.

See related In the Spotlight, p. 183
Data from The Association between State-Level Structural Racism and Alcohol and Tobacco Use Behaviors among a National Probability Sample of Black Americans
Authors: Woodard Nathaniel , Butler James , Ghosh Debarchana , Green Kerry M. , Knott Cheryl L.
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground:
Structural racism is how society maintains and promotes racial hierarchy and discrimination through established and interconnected systems. Structural racism is theorized to promote alcohol and tobacco use, which are risk factors for adverse health and cancer-health outcomes. The current study assesses the association between measures of state-level structural racism and alcohol and tobacco use among a national sample of 1,946 Black Americans.
Methods:
An existing composite index of state-level structural racism including five dimensions (subscales; i.e., residential segregation and employment, economic, incarceration, and educational inequities) was merged with individual-level data from a national sample dataset. Hierarchical linear and logistic regression models, accounting for participant clustering at the state level, assessed associations between structural racism and frequency of alcohol use, frequency of binge drinking, smoking status, and smoking frequency. Two models were estimated for each behavioral outcome, one using the composite structural racism index and one modeling dimensions of structural racism in lieu of the composite measure, each controlling for individual-level covariates.
Results:
Results indicated positive associations between the incarceration dimension of the structural racism index and binge drinking frequency, smoking status, and smoking frequency. An inverse association was detected between the education dimension and smoking status.
Conclusions:
Results suggest that state-level structural racism expressed in incarceration disparities, is positively associated with alcohol and tobacco use among Black Americans.
Impact:
Addressing structural racism, particularly in incarceration practices, through multilevel policy and intervention may help to reduce population-wide alcohol and tobacco use behaviors and improve the health outcomes of Black populations.
Data from Genetic Factors and Long-term Treatment-Related Neurocognitive Deficits, Anxiety, and Depression in Childhood Leukemia Survivors: An Exome-Wide Association Study
Authors: Petrykey Kateryna , Lippé Sarah , Sultan Serge , Robaey Philippe , Drouin Simon , Affret-Bertout Laurence , Beaulieu Patrick , St-Onge Pascal , Baedke Jessica L. , Yasui Yutaka , Hudson Melissa M. , Laverdière Caroline , Sinnett Daniel , Krajinovic Maja
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground:
An increased risk of neurocognitive deficits, anxiety, and depression has been reported in childhood cancer survivors.
Methods:
We analyzed associations of neurocognitive deficits, as well as anxiety and depression, with common and rare genetic variants derived from whole-exome sequencing data of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) survivors from the PETALE cohort. In addition, significant associations were assessed using stratified and multivariable analyses. Next, top-ranking common associations were analyzed in an independent SJLIFE replication cohort of ALL survivors.
Results:
Significant associations were identified in the entire discovery cohort (N = 229) between the AK8 gene and changes in neurocognitive function, whereas PTPRZ1, MUC16, TNRC6C-AS1 were associated with anxiety. Following stratification according to sex, the ZNF382 gene was linked to a neurocognitive deficit in males, whereas APOL2 and C6orf165 were associated with anxiety and EXO5 with depression. Following stratification according to prognostic risk groups, the modulatory effect of rare variants on depression was additionally found in the CYP2W1 and PCMTD1 genes. In the replication SJLIFE cohort (N = 688), the male-specific association in the ZNF382 gene was not significant; however, a P value<0.05 was observed when the entire SJLIFE cohort was analyzed. ZNF382 was significant in males in the combined cohorts as shown by meta-analyses as well as the depression-associated gene EXO5.
Conclusions:
Further research is needed to confirm whether the current findings, along with other known risk factors, may be valuable in identifying patients at increased risk of these long-term complications.
Impact:
Our results suggest that specific genes may be related to increased neuropsychological consequences.
Data from Increase in the Life Expectancy of Patients with Cancer in the United States
Authors: Devasia Theresa P. , Howlader Nadia , Dewar Ron A. , Stevens Jennifer L. , Mittu Karen , Mariotto Angela B.
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground:
Cancer is becoming more of a chronic disease due to improvements in treatment and early detection for multiple cancer sites. To gain insight on increased life expectancy due to these improvements, we quantified trends in the loss in expectation of life (LEL) due to a cancer diagnosis for six cancer sites from 1975 through 2018.
Methods:
We focused on patients diagnosed with female breast cancer, chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), colon and rectum cancer, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), lung cancer, or melanoma between 1975 and 2018 from nine Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer registries. Life expectancies for patients with cancer ages 50+ were modeled using flexible parametric survival models. LEL was calculated as the difference between general population life expectancy and life expectancy for patients with cancer.
Results:
Over 2 million patients were diagnosed with one of the six cancers between 1975 and 2018. Large increases in life expectancy were observed between 1990 and 2010 for female breast, DLBCL, and CML. Patients with colon and rectum cancer and melanoma had more gradual improvements in life expectancy. Lung cancer LEL only began decreasing after 2005. Increases in life expectancy corresponded with decreases in LEL for patients with cancer.
Conclusions:
The reported gains in life expectancy largely correspond to progress in the screening, management, and treatment of these six cancers since 1975.
Impact:
LEL provides an important public health perspective on how improvements in treatment and early detection and their impacts on survival translate into changes in cancer patients’ life expectancy.
Data from Decline in the Incidence of Distant Recurrence of Breast Cancer: A Population-Based Health Record Linkage Study, Australia 2001–2016
Authors: Lord Sarah J. , Daniels Benjamin , O'Connell Dianne L. , Kiely Belinda E. , Beith Jane , Smith Andrea L. , Pearson Sallie-Anne , Chiew Kim-Lin , Bulsara Max K. , Houssami Nehmat
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground:
We investigated differences in cumulative incidence of first distant recurrence (DR) following non-metastatic breast cancer over a time period when new adjuvant therapies became available in Australia.
Methods:
We conducted a health record linkage study of females with localized (T1–3N0) or regional (T4 or N+) breast cancer in the New South Wales Cancer Registry in 2001 to 2002 and 2006 to 2007. We linked cancer registry records with administrative records from hospitals, dispensed medicines, radiotherapy services, and death registrations to estimate the 9-year cumulative incidence of DR and describe use of adjuvant treatment.
Results:
The study included 13,170 women (2001–2002 n = 6,338, 2006–2007 n = 6,832). The 9-year cumulative incidence of DR was 3.6% [95% confidence interval (CI), 2.3%–4.9%] lower for 2006–2007 diagnoses (15.0%) than 2001–2002 (18.6%). Differences in the annual hazard of DR between cohorts were largest in year two. DR incidence declined for localized and regional disease. Decline was largest for ages <40 years (absolute difference, 14.4%; 95% CI, 8.3%–20.6%), whereas their use of adjuvant chemotherapy (2001–2002 49%, 2006–2007 75%) and HER2-targeted therapy (2001–2002 0%, 2006–2007 16%) increased. DR did not decline for ages ≥70 years (absolute difference, 0.9%; 95% CI, −3.6%–1.8%) who had low use of adjuvant chemotherapy and HER2-targeted therapy.
Conclusions:
This whole-of-population study suggests that DR incidence declined over time. Decline was largest for younger ages, coinciding with changes to adjuvant breast cancer therapy.
Impact:
Study findings support the need for trials addressing questions relevant to older people and cancer registry surveillance of DR to inform cancer control programs.
Table S5 from FPFT-2216, a Novel Anti-lymphoma Compound, Induces Simultaneous Degradation of IKZF1/3 and CK1α to Activate p53 and Inhibit NFκB Signaling
Authors: Kanaoka Daiki , Yamada Mitsuo , Yokoyama Hironori , Nishino Satoko , Kunimura Naoshi , Satoyoshi Hiroshi , Wakabayashi Shota , Urabe Kazunori , Ishii Takafumi , Nakanishi Masato
Published: February 2024

Table S5 shows the enhancing effect of FPFT-2216 on IL-2 production.
Table S2 from FPFT-2216, a Novel Anti-lymphoma Compound, Induces Simultaneous Degradation of IKZF1/3 and CK1α to Activate p53 and Inhibit NFκB Signaling
Authors: Kanaoka Daiki , Yamada Mitsuo , Yokoyama Hironori , Nishino Satoko , Kunimura Naoshi , Satoyoshi Hiroshi , Wakabayashi Shota , Urabe Kazunori , Ishii Takafumi , Nakanishi Masato
Published: February 2024

Table S2 is the list of primary antibodies used for western blotting in this study.
Figure S3 from FPFT-2216, a Novel Anti-lymphoma Compound, Induces Simultaneous Degradation of IKZF1/3 and CK1α to Activate p53 and Inhibit NFκB Signaling
Authors: Kanaoka Daiki , Yamada Mitsuo , Yokoyama Hironori , Nishino Satoko , Kunimura Naoshi , Satoyoshi Hiroshi , Wakabayashi Shota , Urabe Kazunori , Ishii Takafumi , Nakanishi Masato
Published: February 2024

Figure S3 shows the in vivo CK1α-degrading and p53-upregulating activity of FPFT-2216.
Figure S2 from FPFT-2216, a Novel Anti-lymphoma Compound, Induces Simultaneous Degradation of IKZF1/3 and CK1α to Activate p53 and Inhibit NFκB Signaling
Authors: Kanaoka Daiki , Yamada Mitsuo , Yokoyama Hironori , Nishino Satoko , Kunimura Naoshi , Satoyoshi Hiroshi , Wakabayashi Shota , Urabe Kazunori , Ishii Takafumi , Nakanishi Masato
Published: February 2024

Figure S2 shows that FPFT-2216 degrades CK1α via the proteasome system.