bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reduction of rejects by combining data from the casting process and automatic X-ray inspection
Authors:   Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits (IIS), Stocker Thomas ,   Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits (IIS), Mehringer Julius ,   Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits (IIS), Frechen Henning ,   Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits (IIS), Sukowski Frank ,   Ronal AG, Schäfer Felix ,   Ronal AG, Freier Dennis
Published: May 2024

Automatic inspection of castings with X-rays (radiographic and computed tomography) is widespread for parts
that are relevant for safety or have high quality requirements. Examples in the automotive sector are aluminum
wheels, chassis parts and new parts within the electric power train. Those parts are automatically inspected, which
means that both the image acquisition and the evaluation of the images is done fully automatically. Today, in most
industrial implementations, the generated data with a size up to several gigabytes per part is summarized to a
simple good or bad decision, according to specification. All other data is dismissed, although this information can
be valuable to optimize production processes and thus minimize rejects.
This contribution gives an overview about the results of the project Cast Control, which is a collaboration of
Fraunhofer Development Center for X-ray Technology EZRT, Fraunhofer Center for Applied Research on Supply
Chain Services SCS and industry partner RONAL GROUP. RONAL GROUP is a major aluminum wheel
manufacturer, mainly for the OEM market. Within the project we combined serial production data from the low
pressure die casting process from a foundry of the RONAL GROUP with the data generated in the automatic X-
ray inspection. After collecting a large base of sample data, we were able train a neural network for the prediction
of error metrics obtained by X-ray inspection. We apply a combination of layer-wise relevance propagation and
dimensionality reduction to find correlations between data of the casting machines (process and sensor) and the
characteristics of anomalies detected during X-ray inspection.
With this information, it is possible to adjust the casting process in an early stage – even before rejects are produced.
This enables the foundry to reduce their rejects rate, which saves costs and energy and results in a better
competitiveness.
Improving the quality of performing in-service inspections using manipulators
Authors:   Research Centre Rez, Mareš Pavel ,   Research Centre Rez, Trojan Tomas ,   Research Centre Rez, Netušil Jiří
Published: May 2024

Many in-service inspections, mainly carried out by the ultrasonic method, were until recently carried out manually
or semi-automated with the use of encoders. These types of inspections usually lack data recording and are
dependent on the experience of the operator performing these inspections. For these reasons, in recent years one
of the important activities carried out within the Research Centre Rez has been the development and production
of manipulators for non-destructive testing. This article will describe in more detail the manipulators used for
ultrasonic testing of the reactor head nozzles, nozzles of the emergency power supply system of steam generators
treated with weld overlay, inspection of low-pressure blade dovetails and others. The developed manipulators will
make it possible to refine and improve the repeatability of inspections that were previously carried out manually
(more precise guidance of probes, etc.) or were not carried out at all due to inaccessibility for operators. Among
other examples of the use of manipulators is in conditions where manual testing is not possible. One of the
applications can be measurement using the phased array technique on pipelines during service, when the
temperature on the surface of the pipeline can be up to 320°C (the maximum temperature of the primary pipeline
of a nuclear power plant).
3D scanning techniques in power engineering
Authors:   Research Centre Rez, Brom Jaroslav ,   Research Centre Rez, Zahrádka Pavel
Published: May 2024

Information about component geometry is a key parameter for assessing residual life and monitoring degradation
processes during the life cycle of a technology. High-precision optical measurement systems are complex
metrology devices that enable the collection of complex data on the physical properties of components and their
rapid evaluation in CAD-based programs. These solutions offer an analysis of changes in component
characteristics over time and comparing them with as-built documentation. The quality of production can be
evaluated by comparing the condition of the equipment with the product documentation or monitoring the
influence of service conditions on the degradation of the equipment and the trend of future development of defects.
All this in digital form of data, which enables new progressive approaches to repair and maintenance programs of
monitored equipment. The use of advanced metrology and diagnostic systems and the procedures they offer can
reduce the time required for measurement by conventional methods and multiply the data yield from metrology,
which in conjunction with modern IT technologies can detect new degradation mechanisms and increase safety
service and extend projected lifetime. Up-to-date technology data can significantly save on maintenance costs or
even eliminate maintenance procedures. It also provides important data for the setup of LTO.
AI-based Model to Estimate the Flaws from Ultrasonic NDT Data
Authors:   University of Waterloo, Lari Salman ,   University of Waterloo, Han Jeong-Woo ,   University of Waterloo, Kwon Hyock Ju
Published: May 2024

This study explores an artificial intelligence (AI) approach for assessing the geometrical features of flaws in
nondestructive testing (NDT) using ultrasonic oscillograms. A validated numerical model, generated through
acoustic finite element analysis (FEA), produced ultrasonic signals. The AI model was trained on 525, validated
on 113, and tested on 112 oscillograms from models with varied flaw characteristics. Training inputs were
parameters derived from ultrasonic signals, and the network's performance was evaluated by comparing its outputs
for flaw location, length, and angle with desired values. Statistical analysis, including Root Mean Square Error
(RMSE) and Efficiency (E), indicated promising results, suggesting the potential of the proposed AI-based method
for estimating flaw geometrical features in ultrasonic NDT.
Development of the recording device to reduce an overlook of a defect for the impact acoustic method
Authors:   Ariake College, Iwamoto Tatsuya ,   Sony Semiconductor Solutions Corporation, Sawada Kohei
Published: May 2024

Several concrete structures in Japan built during a period of high economic growth—including bridges (40%) and
tunnels (25%)—are now at least 40 years old and are withering. Recent years have witnessed several accidents
caused by falling concrete debris from these structures. To ensure safety, these buildings are regularly inspected
with non-destructive tests such as the impact acoustic method (IAM). In this method, the surface of the concrete
structure under inspection is impacted by a hammer and the resulting sound vibrations are used to detect defects.
According to the current inspection standard, inspection records only contain information of detectable defects,
because the method relies on the physical capabilities and expertise of the professional. Consequently, there are
no records of imperceptible defects. In this study, we developed a recording device that consists of an
accelerometer and a microphone and connected it to an impact hammer. The device saves the output from the two
components in a single file. A set of concrete specimens were then tested using the IAM with the new device and
hammer. Furthermore, the contact time and striking power of the hammer were estimated using a load sensor.
An Integrated Way to Monitor the Health Condition of Building Facades by Analyzing Thermal Infrared Images
Authors:   Chaoyang University of Technology, Hsu Keng-Tsang ,   Chaoyang University of Technology, Yang Qianying ,   Chaoyang University of Technology, Huang Yishuo
Published: May 2024

Thermography is widely used for defect detection through analysing thermography. Thermography is used to
record the surface temperatures with a thermal infrared camera. Visual interpretation can be employed to identify
defects according to the differences in surface temperatures. Recently, image-processing techniques have provided
a quantitative way to detect defects rather than visual interpretation. Robust principal component analysis (RPCA)
is employed to analyze a series of thermal infrared images [1]. Traditionally, principal component analysis (PCA)
is used to investigate a series of thermal infrared images by projecting the thermal data onto a low-dimension space
such that a template image inherits the significant characteristics of the given thermal data. However, PCA
introduces noise effects such that the template generated with PCA contains the noise effects. RPCA offers a
similar way to project the given data onto a low-dimension space and a feature space and provides a robust way
to depress the noise effects. With the introduction of RPCA, a template image can be selected from the low-
dimension space, and image segmentation is employed to segment the template. Those segmented regions
illustrated on the segmented template indicate the surface temperature differences, and those differences can be
used as clues to identify the defects.
Development of an Infrared Marker based Encoder System as a Non-Contact Positioning System for Ultrasonic Probes
Authors:   University of Stuttgart, Ehrler Julian ,   University of Stuttgart, Kreutzbruck Marc
Published: May 2024

The digitalization of testing procedures is one of the challenges in the development of modern non-destructive
testing systems. In order to guarantee a high level of inspection reliability, the assignment of measurement data to
the measurement position plays an important role as well as the optimal inspection hardware. In a cooperative
research and development project, an optical tracking system has been developed with which it is possible to
determine the positions of different ultrasonic probes in space without contact. Thus, the position of the
measurement is linked to the measurement results directly. Infrared LED markers attached to the ultrasonic probes
are used for this purpose. The position of the markers are tracked in space with a camera. By linking several
cameras and trackers, a positional accuracy of a few millimeters can be achieved for a camera specimen distance
of 2 m. The more cameras are used the bigger the investigated part can be. For the tracking system, an existing
optical camera system is coupled with a conventional of the shelve ultrasonic phased array device by means of a
newly developed universal encoder. Different single transducer probes or phased array probes can be used. The
costly and time consuming use of mechanical encoders is thus eliminated. This combination enables the further
digitalization of hand-guided ultrasonic testing precisely in those areas where robot-based testing is not feasible.
Additionally, a much easier way of documentation is possible. Due to the exact position determination a better
evaluation of the measurement data can be carried out via a subsequent 3D display of the ultrasound data.
The Use of Thermal Data for Quality Assurance in the Process of Continuous Ultrasonic Welding of Thermoplastic Composite Materials
Authors:   Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), German Aerospace Center, Görick Dominik ,   Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), German Aerospace Center, Larsen Lars ,   Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), German Aerospace Center, Stingl Isabelle ,   Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), German Aerospace Center, Baumbach Dirk ,   Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), German Aerospace Center, Schuster Alfons
Published: May 2024

Continuous ultrasonic welding (CUW) is a manufacturing process used to join thermoplastic composite materials
using high-frequency ultrasonic vibrations. Under pressure and vibration, the welding material heats up, melts and
the welding partners are joined while they are cooling down. The development of CUW is getting raised attention
over the last decade since the use of thermoplastic composites (TCs) in the production industry and especially the
aerospace sector demands for economic and fast joining techniques. In order to establish this welding technique
in the industry it is necessary to develop methods which enable to do quality assurance on the produced welding
seams. In the experiments described in this paper the potential of thermal measurements for the quality assurance
of the ultrasonic welding of TCs is investigated. Different thermal systems are evaluated and it is described how
the data of the most promising technique is further processed and fed to an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm.
The here trained networks are created to predict lab-shear-strength values and reach mean absolute error scores of
below 1 MPa. The described investigations hint that thermography seem to be a valuable resource to make more
reliable quality assurance in the process of CUW of TCs and therefore might help to establish the use of this
welding technology further in the industry.
A novel analysis method for tension estimation of cross-linked suspenders based on single vibration measurements
Authors:   National Chung-Hsing University, Zhong Pao-Yin ,   National Chung-Hsing University, Yu Chih-Peng ,   National Chung-Hsing University, Chen Hsuan ,   National Chung-Hsing University, Lin Yi-Ching
Published: May 2024

While the use of vibration measurements to detect axially loaded forces is a well-established scheme for the
diagnosis of tensioned slender members, the traditional approaches are not suitable for suspenders which are
attached with transverse fasteners. As a result, the evaluation process for linked suspenders generally requires
unlocking and reconnecting of the fasteners during performing vibration tests.
This paper presents an innovated idea of using single vibration measurements with simple analytical models to
develop an effective technique to estimate tension of individual member for cross-linked suspenders. The
development of the technique relies on the use of simplified string formulas such that iterative approximations
with numerical coding can be effectively executed for both the backward estimation and forward verification stages
of the assessment procedure.
The feasibility of the proposed method has been numerically studied and verified with selected data from field
tests. It is anticipated that the procedure can serve as a better on-site tool for the vibration tests of fastener-
restrained suspenders and cables.
Modelling the Influence of the Tube Support Plate on the Eddy Current Testing of the Steam Generator: Sensitivity Study & Validation
Authors:   University Paris-Saclay, Vigneron Audrey ,   University Paris-Saclay, Demaldent Edouard ,   Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), Decitre Jean-Marc ,   Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), Sollier Thierry
Published: May 2024

Eddy current testing (ECT) of Steam Generator (SG) tubes is part of the maintenance program of Nuclear Power
Plants. Tube Support Plates (TSP) are usually only considered as extraneous signals for tube inspection. However,
for long-term operation of SGs, there is a safety concern related to the build-up of deposits in the TSPs flow holes.
The clogging-up of the TSPs flow holes affect the safe thermal-hydraulic operation of SGs. The deposits come
from the feedwater train and are mostly iron oxides (magnetite) with a weak electrical conductivity and magnetite
permeability.The ability of ECT probes to detect and characterize TSPs deposits is therefore of great interest. The
most common and industrial ECT technique, the bobbin coil, averages the surrounding electromagnetic field over
360°, whereas the geometry of tri-foiled and quadri-foiled TSPs, and thus of clogging, is rather complex and non-
axisymmetric, hence motivating the evaluation of the performance of conventional ECT rotating probes used for
SGs tubes inspection. Although simulation is a powerful tool to support such a study, it requires dedicated models
to be made available to NDT experts, and CEA develops ECT physical models in CIVA for this purpose. In
addition to standard fast CIVA modules based on 3D semi-analytical or 2D numerical calculations restricted to
canonical or axisymmetric parts, respectively, CEA develops a module dedicated to the simulation of SG tube
inspection based on a 3D numerical simulation. This module allows tube deformation such as ovalization, bending
or tube expansion. It also allows the addition of external objects such as anti-vibration bars, different geometries
of tube support plates and now their clogging by deposits. This model is used to study various influent parameters
and to perform benchmarks in the framework of a scientific collaboration between the CEA and the IRSN. Here,
the specificity of the TSPs and their clogging justifies qualifying the simulation model before evaluating the
influence of material and geometry properties of the deposit as well as the performance of the inspection techniques.
We present the main features of the simulation module in CIVA, its experimental validation, and the main trends
in the distortion of the simulated signal as a function of variation in the clogging description.
Fast Dynamic Time Warping for Temperature Compensation in Guided Waves
Authors:   Lulea University of technology, Kumar Narendra ,   Lulea University of technology, Gupta Payal ,   Lulea University of technology, Carlson Johan E.
Published: May 2024

The paper discusses Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) based on ultrasonic guided waves for damage detection
in structures. Guided waves allow inspection over long distances and inaccessible features, but are also sensitive
to changes in environmental and operating conditions (EOC). The focus of this paper is on temperature
compensation methods for guided waves. The compensation techniques include Baseline Signal Stretch (BSS),
Optimal Baseline Selection (OBS), OBS+BSS, and Dynamic Time-Warping (DTW). In particular, a new, fast
approximation of DTW is evaluated and compared with conventional but computationally expensive DTW. The
FDTW algorithm utilizes a multilevel approach inspired by graph bisection principles to achieve precise warping
path determination with linear computational complexity.

The study evaluates the compensation performance of FDTW using a single baseline at a single temperature, thus
addressing the complexity and inaccessibility issues of obtaining an extensive database of baseline signals in
practical applications. The Open Guided Wave (OGW) dataset is employed for a fair comparison with other
compensation methods.

Results indicate that FDTW performs well, demonstrating comparable warping performance to DTW but with
significantly reduced computational complexity. The analysis also includes comparisons with BSS, OBS+BSS,
and DTW across a range of temperatures, highlighting the effectiveness of FDTW in mitigating errors introduced
by larger temperature variations.
Prior function designs for X-ray reconstructions from limited angular views
Authors:   University of Texas at Arlington, Nikishkov Yuri ,   University of Texas at Arlington, Makeev Andrew
Published: May 2024

The objectivity of three-dimensional imaging has placed X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) into an indispensable
diagnostic method in clinical and industrial applications. Despite the advances in the X-ray CT imaging, high-
resolution three-dimensional reconstruction of small details in objects with large in-plane dimensions has been a
fundamental challenge for the conventional X-ray CT method. An alternative scanning geometry, where X-ray
source and a detector move synchronously irradiating a specimen at an inclined angle, has been proposed to address
this challenge. This work presents new designs of prior (or penalty) functions developed for reconstructing the
radiography data obtained under the limited angular conditions. The new prior targets reduction of shape distortion
artifacts, common for laminographic reconstructions, as well as preservation of small features, such as voids, edge
details, and high-density inclusions. The novel prior function designs are demonstrated on the computational
phantom of a specimen scanned under tilted planar CT geometry simulating large planar dimensions of a specimen.
To accommodate physical CT scanning of such specimens, a novel microfocus X-ray CT scanning device that
rotates X-ray source and moves the detector synchronously while staying on the same side of the test specimen
(Inclined CT), is introduced. This device allows scanning of critical areas of up to 3-meter-wide and potentially
unlimited length specimens with high resolution required for identification of manufacturing and structural defects
typical for modern composite structural elements used in the aerospace industry.
Solder Defect Assessment Method for Power Electronic Devices Based on Mechanical Stress Wave Signals
Authors:   Tsinghua University, Wen Shuzhi ,   Tsinghua University, Kong Xiangbo ,   Tsinghua University, Zhang Jinghua ,   Tsinghua University, Peng Lisha ,   Tsinghua University, Liu Xufei ,   Tsinghua University, Liu Yangbo ,   Tsinghua University, Huang Songling
Published: May 2024

The health of a power electronic device is closely related to the mechanical stress waves released at the moment
when the device is turned on and off. Research has shown the potential of mechanical stress waves in power
electronic device health monitoring. However, the correlation between power device defect severity and
mechanical stress wave signal characteristics has not been fully established and an effective evaluation method is
currently lacking. This article uses finite element simulation methods to explore the impact of void defects in the
chip solder and base plate solder of insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) devices on mechanical stress wave
signals. By analyzing the mechanical stress wave curves of cavity defects of multiple sizes, a method for assessing
the health status of power devices based on principal component analysis (PCA) is proposed. By calculating the
projection of the mechanical stress wave signal on the principal component, the characteristic quantity representing
the severity of the defect is obtained. Simulation results indicate that for chip soldering defects, as the severity of
defects increases, the feature values gradually decrease. Therefore, this method exhibits good evaluation
performance for defects throughout the entire lifecycle. In the case of plate solder defects, this approach can
effectively identify mid-to-late-stage defects in devices and can also be utilized for reliability prediction before
device failure.
Smart inspection of rail wheels with matrix arrays
Authors:   Waygate Technologies (former GE Inspection Technologies), Würschig Thomas ,   Waygate Technologies (former GE Inspection Technologies), Franzen Andreas ,   Waygate Technologies (former GE Inspection Technologies), Henrix Frank ,   Waygate Technologies (former GE Inspection Technologies), Kahmann Frank ,   Waygate Technologies (former GE Inspection Technologies), Chinta Prashanth Kumar ,   Waygate Technologies (former GE Inspection Technologies), Werner Daniel
Published: May 2024

Rail wheels are one of the most safety critical safety components of rolling stock. Any failure can lead to catastrophic events resulting in high material damage and personal injury or even fatalities. Therefore, international railway standards require non-destructive inspection by means of ultrasound testing (UT) on a regular basis. Due to increasing distances, loads and speeds there are increasing demands on the precision and the scope of testing. However, the inspection of train wheels is complicated due to the large variety of wheel geometries and the further influence of different milage. Moreover, extended inspection areas up to a full body inspection define many different defect positions, which are to some part difficult to access. This article describes industrial solutions, which allow the full-body inspection of train wheels including face, flange, web and tread for volumetric defects (from 2mm diameter) and surface cracks (from 5 mm length and 1 mm depth). In the latest upgrade, these systems can be now equipped with matrix probes. At the beginning of the article basic principles and general probe configurations will be discussed. The main part of this article is then dedicated to highlight the positive impact of the implementation of matrix probes. Besides a reduction of the form factor due to the decreased number of probes, matrix probes allow a direct coupling check thus fundamentally amending the existing state-of-the-art. Other advantages refer to improved settings for a higher reliability of the system. Finally, it is outlined in which way matrix probes provide additional functionalities to extend the current state-of-the-art towards a smart inspection.
Afghanistan-Pakistan Political Relations (1963-73)
Authors: Khalili Zahid , Seerat Abdul Hameed , Keliwaal Ahmad Neshat
Published: May 2024

History of Afghan-Pak relations reflects ups and downs. Prior to the creation of Pakistan on 14th August 1947, Afghanistan asked the British that before their departure from India, they must return back those Pakhtoon dominant territories which had been annexed by British from Afghanistan. However, British quitted India without considering Afghan demand. Pakistan came into being in 1947; Afghanistan raised its territorial dispute with Pakistan. It was the first Muslim country which opposed Pakistan’s entry into the United Nations Organization (UNO). In 1949, Afghanistan’s Loya Jirga declared that they did not recognize the Durand Line as its international border with Pakistan. Many primary and secondary sources related to the proposed research are available. These sources are in English, Urdu, Pakhto, and Dari languages and available at different research centers, libraries and archives etc. located in Afghanistan and Pakistan. The present study was conducted through the traditional method of data description and analysis in a chronological order. The present study follows qualitative research design and the sub design is historical. It works in the paradigm of modern history. The article finds that the in last ten years of King Zahir Shah’s rule relations between the two countries were normal as compare the premiership of Daud Khan. It concludes that the issues of Durand Line and Pakhtoonistan are the two major bottle-necks in the way of cordial relations between the two countries. More research is needed to find the positive and negative aspects of King Zahir Shah’s stance of not attacking Pakistan during the Indo-Pak wars.
PERAN GMAHK GELAM JAYA TERHADAP ANAK YATIM PIATU DALAM KONTEKS KELUARAN 22:22
Authors: Sinaga Friendly Edwin Ernest , Simbolon Mangadar
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi peran gereja dalam melindungi dan memberikan dukungan kepada anak-anak yatim piatu, serta meningkatkan kesadaran umat akan keberadaan mereka.Penelitian ini menyoroti pesan Alkitab tentang pentingnya mengasihi dan membela orang-orang yang lemah, termasuk anak yatim piatu. Dalam pemahaman ini, gereja diharapkan menjadi agen penting dalam memberikan perhatian dan dukungan kepada mereka yang membutuhkan, seperti yang dinyatakan dalam Keluaran 22:22 dan kisah para nabi yang mengecam ketidakadilan sosial. Dengan menjalankan peran diakonia transformatif, gereja dapat memberdayakan mereka secara holistik, mencerminkan prinsip kasih dan keadilan Allah yang memerhatikan orang-orang yang lemah dan terpinggirkan.Kata kunci :
PANDANGAN ALKITAB MENGENAI PERAN PEREMPUAN DALAM GEREJA: ANALISIS KATA authentein DALAM TEKS 1 TIMOTIUS 2:12
Authors: Abisha Cato Lemmuel , Pardosi Milton
Published: May 2024

Kedudukan perempuan di gereja sebagai pemimpin sering dipermasalahkan. Masalah ini sering dikaitkan dengan kalimat Paulus dalam 1 TImotius 2:12 yang terkesan seperti membatasi peran perempuan dalam gereja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penafsiran istilah "authentein" dalam 1 Timotius 2:12, yang telah menjadi bahan perdebatan mengenai peran perempuan dalam gereja. Perdebatan ini berpusat pada interpretasi pernyataan Paulus bahwa perempuan tidak boleh "mengajar" atau "memiliki otoritas" atas laki-laki. Penelitian ini mengkaji berbagai perspektif mengenai makna "authentein", yang dapat ditafsirkan secara negatif atau positif tergantung pada konteksnya. Penelitian ini mengkaji kata aslinya untuk mendapatkan informasi maksud dari penulisan surat Paulus dalam ayat tersebut.
Prospek Pengembangan Agroindustri Budidaya Tanaman Porang untuk Kesejahteraan Ekonomi Keluarga Petani Porang pada Kec. Kualuh Kab. Labuhan Batu Utara
Authors: Syafitri Mita Nur , Nawawi Zuhrinal M.
Published: May 2024

Development in the agricultural sector will be more optimal if it is combined with the management of superior commodities. One commodity that has the potential to become a superior commodity is the porang plant. Prospects where a decision of possible opportunities and obstacles faced and strategies for prosperity. This research aims to find out Prospects for the Development of Porang Plant Cultivation Agro-Industry for the Economic Welfare of Porang Farmer Families. The problem studied in this research is what are the prospects for the development of the Porang plant cultivation agro-industry for the economic welfare of Porang farmer families, Kualuh Hulu District. North Labuhan Batu. This research uses a qualitative method, where data collection techniques use interviews, observation, documentation and use the R/C and B/C formulas to determine the feasibility of future prospects for cultivating porang plants. Based on the results of this research, it shows that there are several strategies in cultivating porang plants to achieve prosperity, namely external and internal factors.
Farklı Seramikler ile Hazırlanan Endokron Restorasyonların Bağlanma Dayanımlarının Değerlendirilmesi: İn Vitro Çalışma
Authors: Güney Müberra , Yeşil Zeynep
Published: May 2024

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, farklı seramikler ile hazırlanan endokron restorasyonların bağlanma dayanımları değerlendirildi.
Materyal ve Metod: Çalışma 21 adet çekilmiş daimi alt molar diş üzerinde yürütüldü. Kök kanal tedavileri tamamlanan dişlerin endokron restorasyon için preparasyonları yapıldı. Bilgisayar Destekli Tasarım/ Bilgisayar Destekli Üretim (CAD/CAM) tekniği ile üç farklı seramikten (Cerasmart (GC, Tokyo, Japan), Upcera (UP-CAD, Guandong, China), CeltraDuo (Dentsply Sirona, Bensheim, Germany)) endokron restorasyonlar hazırlandı. Endokron restorasyonlar, rezin siman (Maxcem Elite) ile simante edildikten sonra her birinden bölgesel (apikal, orta ve koronal) olarak alınan 63 kesit rastgele olarak üç gruba (n = 7) ayrıldı. Örneklerin bağlanma dayanımları push-out testi kullanılarak universal test cihazında değerlendirildi. Elde edilen veriler; Jamovi 2.2.5 programı (The Jamovi Project, Sydney, Avustralya) kullanılarak iki yönlü varyans analizi ve Tukey çoklu karşılaştırma testi ile p˂0.05 anlamlılık düzeyinde incelendi.
Bulgular: Kullanılan materyalin ve kesit alınan bölgenin istatistiksel olarak anlamlı (p0,05), her iki materyalin Celtraduo’dan anlamlı şekilde daha fazla (p
‘Kukurúùkúù’: ecospiritual implications of the sounds of the cockcrow in Yoruba rural dwellings
Authors: Olodude Ibukunolu Isaac
Published: May 2024

This article examines the sound of the cockcrow in Yoruba rural spaces, phonically represented as ‘kukurúùkúù’, with a particular focus on the ecological and spiritual implications. The study highlights the timing functions of the cockcrow which have endured over the years in Yoruba rural societies, thereby foregrounding the interlinking between human and nonhuman forms of life among the Yoruba in Nigeria. Utilising an ethnographic approach through participant observation and key informant interviews conducted with selected Ifá priests, this study engages in a hermeneutic exploration of the Yoruba indigenous religion and literary genres to demonstrate the importance of the cockcrow, time, and nature in traditional Yoruba life and the implications for healthy cohabiting of human and nonhuman forms under conditions of environmental degradation. (This article is published in the thematic collection ‘African ecologies: literary, cultural and religious perspectives’, edited by Adriaan van Klinken, Simon Manda, Damaris Parsitau and Abel Ugba.)
Technology-Based Support of Final Year Bachelor of Education Students in a South African Open Distance e-Learning Institution
Authors: Phakathi Lungelwa
Published: May 2024

Throughput rates are a cause for concern across South African universities. Acceptance at university does not guarantee success for students, particularly the historically and economically disadvantaged majority. This challenge is exacerbated in Open Distance e-Learning institutions such as the University of South Africa (UNISA). Through a case study, this paper discusses key issues affecting students who were on the brink of completion, requiring one or two modules to complete their Bachelor of Education qualification at UNISA. The two hundred students who were part of the study were enrolled in the second-level English module, Genres in Literature and Language: Theory, Style and Poetics. The sampling was voluntary and purposeful from students in this module, who either sought assistance with the module content via email or who qualified for the FI Concession, which is an additional assessment opportunity for final-year students. The study identifies existing barriers to successful study using Keller’s (1987) ARCS Model of Motivation. It offers a glimpse of support efforts provided to these students using the myUnisa Learning Management System in combination with the WhatsApp application, short video podcasts, and NoRedInk. The latter is an online learning site that seeks to develop writing skills through grammar and writing activities. These digital platforms and resources were used as part of the Lecturer-in-the-Pocket (LiP) approach, which underpins the intervention. The success of this cohort provides another approach to improving throughput rates in Open Distance e-Learning institutions.
ChatGPT — A Threat or an Aid in Teaching and Learning
Authors: Magtoto Geneviv , Bagnol Fatima , Abunda Rica
Published: May 2024

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in education can have a beneficial effect on learners' attitudes and self-assurance toward learning. However, it may also present a danger of substituting teachers and interpersonal interactions that are essential for learners' holistic development. This research investigated the use of AI, specifically the Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT), in education and whether it is an ally or a threat to teaching and learning. It discussed and elaborated how AI has changed the traditional practice, principles, culture, and theory in education. Moreover, it identified the advantages and disadvantages of using ChatGPT in education, potential paradigm shifts that may arise from its use, and its impact on science and mathematics education. Furthermore, this study presented an analysis of ChatGPT's responses to standardized marking schemes in science and mathematics and provided valuable insights into how AI can be integrated into the teaching and learning of science and mathematics. This study concluded that a review of the assessment approaches, as well as an openminded perspective in adapting the curriculum and pedagogies with the incorporation of AI, are needed to maximize the learning outcomes of 21st century learners.
Engendering Agency, Mindfulness, and Critical Thinking in Online Education
Authors: Clemente Tina
Published: May 2024

Challenges remain in the conduct of graduate education even when Philippine society has already begun its so-called post pandemic recovery. Such challenges include but are not limited to shifting work arrangements, perturbations in personal and family priorities, and everyday socio-economic realities such as the traffic problem and the rising cost of living. Given this backdrop of hard realities and increasing pressure on the individual’s mental space, in which learners attempt to negotiate the pursuit of graduate studies, I draw on my lived experience in teaching graduate students at the Asian Center, University of the Philippines Diliman and problematize the issues in engendering agency, mindfulness, and critical thinking as desired states of being in an empowered, student-centered learning setting. Utilizing phenomenography, the study probes the approaches that were effective in teaching and learning as well as their challenges and the attendant contexts. I hope to contribute to the academic discourse on rethinking graduate education pedagogy.
Post Covid 19 Pandemic: The Contribution of Zakat, Infaq, and AIms to The Country’s Economy
Authors: Dyarini Dyarini , Raizha Utari Natya
Published: May 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic, which began in early 2020, has had many impacts on humanity around the world. This crisis resulted in a decrease in household consumption, a decrease in investment due to economic uncertainty, a decrease in investment, and public consumption. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, zakat, infaq, and alms (ZIS) contribute by providing direct assistance to affected mustahiks, strengthening the economy through empowering MSMEs, and supporting the health and education sectors to overcome equitable economic impacts. This study aims to analyze the role of zakat, infaq, and alms (ZIS) management institutions in helping the country's economy after the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. The research method used in this study is descriptive assisted by literature study. The results showed that the Zakat Management Institute (ZIS) played a vital role in responding to and overcoming the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia, despite facing several challenges in fund distribution and optimization. Close collaboration between the government, communities, and Zakat Management Organizations (OPZIS) is key in ensuring effective distribution of funds, while zakat empowerment through digital innovation and Cash for Work (CFW) programs is a solution to reduce the impact of health and economic crises, making a positive contribution to more equitable and sustainable economic development.
The Role of Work-Life Balance and Job Satisfaction On The Organizational Commitment of Working Mothers as Early Childhood Education (ECCE) Teachers
Authors: Realdy Muhammad , Wahidin Alfilizy Fajar , Suzana Anna
Published: May 2024

This study aims to determine how much influence work-life balance and job satisfaction have on organizational commitment to working mothers as Early Childhood Education (ECCE) teachers. The research approach used quantitative descriptive, data collected from questionnaires with the data analysis method Structural Equations Modeling Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). The results show that work-life balance has a significant effect on organizational commitment with a value of 2,734 > 1.96 or P values of 0.006 < 0.05, then H1 is accepted, namely work-life balance affects organizational commitment. Furthermore, job satisfaction affects organizational commitment with a value of 2,251 > 1.96 or P values of 0.024 < 0.05, then H2 is accepted, namely Job Satisfaction affects organizational commitment.
The Effect of E-WOM and Consumer Satisfaction on Repurchase Interest in Azarine Sunscreen in Cirebon
Authors: Shelomita Shelomita , Putri Lianie Anita , Che Chilia Tesya , Hernidatiatin Lis Tatin
Published: May 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of Electronic Word Of Mouth and Consumer Satisfaction on Azarine Sunscreen in Cirebon. This study used descriptive analysis with a quantitative approach. The population in this study is consumers of Azarine Sunscreen in Cirebon with the number of samples used as many as 200 respondents. The sampling method used is nonprobability sampling with sampling techniques using purposive sampling, as well as data collection techniques using questionnaires. The analysis methods used are validity tests and reliability tests, classical assumption tests which include normality tests, multicollinearity tests and heteroscedasticity tests, and hypothesis tests that include linear regression analysis, F tests, t tests, and coefficients of determination (R2) with analytical tools using SPSS29 (Statistical Product and Service Solutions) applications. The results showed that Electronic Word Of Mouth had a significant effect on Azarine Sunscreen Repurchase Interest in Cirebon, Consumer Satisfaction had a significant effect on Azarine Sunscreen Repurchase Interest in Cirebon, and Electronic Word Of Mouth and Consumer Satisfaction variables simultaneously affected Azarine Sunscreen Repurchase Interest in Cirebon.
Ansiedad ante los exámenes en estudiantes de enfermería de la ciudad de Guayaquil.
Authors: Salazar Guashpa Luis Alberto , Llamuca Pacurucu Ana Alexandra , Chávez Molina Oscar Omar , Franco Coffré Joicy Anabel
Published: May 2024

Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de ansiedad ante el examen, que poseen los estudiantes de enfermería.
Método: Investigación de tipo cuantitativa, descriptiva, realizada en 76 estudiantes de enfermería de una universidad de la ciudad de Guayaquil, a los que se les aplicó la Escala de Ansiedad ante el examen “Cognitive Test Anxiety Scale – 2nd Edition”, en el mes de abril del 2024. Los datos fueron analizados mediante estadística descriptiva.
Resultados: Entre las causas de la ansiedad percibida, resaltan las responsabilidades académicas con un 56,57%, luego le siguen los problemas personales con el 22,36%, ente los síntomas que aparecían en los periodos de ansiedad, destacaron la cefalea, temblor de parpado y sensación de palpitaciones, así como epigastralgia. El 47,36% de los estudiantes posee ansiedad moderada ante los exámenes destacando enunciados como: “Cuando termino un examen difícil, tengo miedo de ver la calificación” “Durante los exámenes, suelo pensar en las consecuencias que tendré si repruebo” y “A menudo me doy cuenta de los errores que cometí justo después de entregar un examen” que fueron las aseveraciones con mayor porcentaje de selección.
Conclusión: La ansiedad ante los exámenes es un problema importante que afecta a los estudiantes de enfermería en todos los niveles. Se recomienda detección temprana de este problema en los estudiantes que comienzan la carrera de enfermería para poder generar estrategias de afrontamiento para la ansiedad.
Pflege, Plattform, Politik – Ein Blick ins Programm der re:publica 2024
Authors: Fischer Georg
Published: May 2024

Die große Digitalkonferenz re:publica findet nächste Woche vom 27. bis 29. Mai in Berlin statt. iRights.info gibt Empfehlungen für das reichhaltige und vielversprechende Programm rund um die Themen Plattformen, Medien, (digitale) Fürsorge, Offenheit und Künstliche Intelligenz.

„Who cares?“

– zu deutsch etwa: Wen interessiert’s? Aber auch: Wer übernimmt die Pflege?
Peran Allah dan Sidang Ilahi dalam Penciptaan Manusia Berdasarkan Kejadian 1:26-27
Authors: Marbun Tolop
Published: May 2024

Tujuan penelitian ialah menganalisa bahwa Kejadian 1:26 merupakan deklarasi rencana menjadikan manusia dalam sidang Illahi, kemudian ayat 27 membuktikan bahwa Allah sendiri yang menciptakan manusia tanpa melibatkan anggota sidang Ilahi. Metode yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini Studi Analisis Teks yang meliputi Analisis Konteks, Analisis Sintaksis, Analisis Verbal dan Analisis Teologis. Kata “kita” telah menimbulkan tiga pandangan yang berkembang pada saat ini. Kelompok pertama menjelaskan bahwa ayat tersebut berbicara tentang Trinitas. Kelompok kedua merasa bahwa Allah berbicara kepada manusia sepanjang dari kekekalan. Kelompok yang ketiga ialah kelompok yang mengatakan bahwa ayat 26 merupakan sidang Ilahi, kemudian ayat 27 baru Allah sendiri yang menciptakan manusia. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Kejadian 1:26 merupakan rencana deklarasi menjadikan manusia dalam sidang Illahi, kemudian pada ayat 27 Allah sendiri yang menciptakan manusia tanpa melibatkan anggota sidang Ilahi.
Cryptoassets and arbitration in Serbia
Authors: Lazić Milan , Dragićević Srđan
Published: May 2024

Blockchain and digital assets are the new frenzy. What seemed like just another fad is now here to stay. Usage of blockchain and digital assets on a global scale and in greater volume necessitates a deeper scrutiny of the technology and its impact on the world and the legal and economic landscape beyond the initial analysis of its applicability and regulation. This paper focuses on the intersection of blockchain, digital assets and arbitration in Serbia. It analyses whether Serbia is suitable for digital asset disputes as a seat of arbitration and jurisdiction for recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards. The paper aims to answer very specific questions on crypto assets in the arbitration procedure and potential issues with these arbitration cases in Serbia. The conclusion it reaches is that Serbia is indeed a suitable jurisdiction for both the arbitration procedure itself and the recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards, but that idiosyncrasies of the Serbian legal system, and particularly judiciary, give rise to certain issues.
Algorithms for assessing the qualitative and quantitative risks of lending to small and medium-sized businesses based on fuzzy calculus
Authors: Sveshnikov Sergey , Bocharnikov Victor , Uvarova Tatjana , Kovalchuk Petr
Published: May 2024

Today, crisis conditions in the economy and finance require high-quality risk assessment. In the article, the authors propose two algorithms for assessing the projects lending risks (PLRs) to small and medium-sized businesses. To assess qualitative PLRs, we proposed to use a hierarchical system of criteria, in which the importance of the criteria is described using the Sugeno fuzzy measure, and the generalized estimate of the qualitative risk is calculated using the Sugeno fuzzy integral. To evaluate quantitative PLRs, we proposed to use the characteristics of fuzzy numbers that describe the project effectiveness criteria and have an arbitrary-form membership function. In addition, to describe quantitative risks, we proposed to use the risk-function of a fuzzy number, which reflects not only the size of possible losses, but also the possibility of their occurrence. This allows you to comprehensively and objectively assess the level of risks. We have demonstrated and discussed this algorithms on the example of preparing data for making a decision on lending to a project for the production of corn syrup in Ukraine.