bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Difference in the structure and morphology of CVD diamond films grown on negatively charged and grounded substrate holders: Optical study
Authors:   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 45, prosp. Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukrain, Nasieka Iu.M. ,   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, 12, Heroyiv Oborony str., 03041 Kyiv, Ukraine, Strelnitski V.E. ,   National Science Center “Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology”, 1, Akademichna str., 61108 Kharkiv, Ukraine, Opalev O.A. ,   National Science Center “Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology”, 1, Akademichna str., 61108 Kharkiv, Ukraine, Gritsina V.I. ,   National Science Center “Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology”, 1, Akademichna str., 61108 Kharkiv, Ukraine, Koshevyi K.I. ,   National Science Center “Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology”, 1, Akademichna str., 61108 Kharkiv, Ukraine, Horobei O.Ya. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 45, prosp. Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Lementaryov V.V. ,   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, 12, Heroyiv Oborony str., 03041 Kyiv, Ukraine, Trokhaniak V.I. ,   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, 12, Heroyiv Oborony str., 03041 Kyiv, Ukraine, Boyko M.I. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 45, prosp. Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: March 2024

Microcrystalline diamond films were grown by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition from a CH4/H2 gas mixture on Si single-crystalline substrates placed on negatively charged and grounded substrate holders. The obtained diamond films had the (100) predominant faceting of microcrystals. The film structure and morphology were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, photoluminescence, Raman and FTIR spectroscopies. The main physical factor causing the difference in the structure of the diamond films grown on the grounded and charged substrate holders was found to be the flow of low-energy (up to 200 eV) Si+, N2+, H, O ions in the latter holder. These ions predominantly embedded into the structure of the diamond films grown on the charged substrate holder leading to appearance of residual mechanical stress up to 2 GPa. Ion bombardment led to increase in the volume fraction of non-diamond carbon component in the film grain boundaries, decrease in sp3-bonded carbon fraction and reduction of the diamond microcrystals lateral size. Larger amount of grain boundaries in the diamond films grown on the charged substrate holder promoted diffusion of Si atoms from the substrate to the plasma and growing film surface, inducing formation of SiV centers in the diamond microcrystals even in the 150…200 μm thick films. The concentration of Si-related defects was much smaller in the films grown using the grounded substrate holder. These films had substantially smaller volume fraction of graphite-like carbon in the grain boundaries and were more homogeneous.
Asymmetry of resonant forward/backward reflectivity of metal – multilayer-dielectric nanostructure
Authors:   Branch of Applied Optics at the Institute of Physics, NAS of Ukraine 10G, Kudryavska str., 04053 Kyiv, Ukraine, Ilchenko S.G. , Taranenko V.B. ,   Branch of Applied Optics at the Institute of Physics, NAS of Ukraine 10G, Kudryavska str., 04053 Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: March 2024

Presented in this paper is an experimental and numerical study of direction-dependent asymmetry of resonant optical characteristics inherent to metal – multilayer-dielectric (MMD) nanostructure, which has much in common with the Tamm plasmonic configuration. We demonstrate that when a MMD structure is illuminated from opposite sides, there is a noticeable asymmetry of the forward/backward reflection resonances, contrasting with the strictly symmetrical transmission resonances indicating classical optical reciprocity. Comparative measurements were carried out on a metal film and a quasi-periodic dielectric structure, which are identical to the corresponding parameters of the MMD structure. Directional asymmetry of reflection and transmission is briefly discussed for a modified MMD structure with the Kerr nonlinearity.
Numerical study of single-layer and interlayer grating polarizers based on metasurface structures for quantum key distribution systems
Authors:   Institute of Laser for Postgraduate Studies, University of Baghdad, Al-Jadyriah, 10070, Baghdad, Iraq, Baki A.Q. , Tawfeeq S.K. ,   Institute of Laser for Postgraduate Studies, University of Baghdad, Al-Jadyriah, 10070, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: March 2024

Polarization is an important property of light, which refers to the direction of electric field oscillations. Polarization modulation plays an essential role for polarization encoding quantum key distribution (QKD). Polarization is used to encode photons in the QKD systems. In this work, visible-range polarizers with optimal dimensions based on resonance grating waveguides have been numerically designed and investigated using the COMSOL Multiphysics Software. Two structures have been designed, namely a single-layer metasurface grating (SLMG) polarizer and an interlayer metasurface grating (ILMG) polarizer. Both structures have demonstrated high extinction ratios, ~1.8·103 and 8.68·104, and the bandwidths equal to 45 and 55 nm for the SLMG and ILMG, respectively.
Modelo de Aulas Híbridas en Universidad Galileo: Perspectiva y Experiencia de los Docentes
Authors: Morales Chan Miguel , Sandoval Carla , Sagastume Flor , Rosales Milvia
Published: March 2024

La educación híbrida representa una respuesta adaptativa a las complejas y multifacéticas demandas del entorno educativo actual. En este contexto, el área de Educación Digital de Universidad Galileo desarrolló una iniciativa para implementar un modelo de aulas híbridas. Este modelo comprende: (a) la conceptualización y diseño de una infraestructura tecnológica robusta y coherente que respalde las aulas híbridas, y (b) un programa de capacitación integral a docentes enfocado en la metodología de enseñanza híbrida y en la utilización eficientes de estas aulas. El presente estudio, de naturaleza cuantitativa y enfoque descriptivo, articula y evalúa el modelo de aulas hibridas implementado, examinando su funcionalidad desde la perspectiva de los docentes que participaron activamente en esta modalidad. Los resultados obtenidos revelan que el modelo híbrido implementado es altamente funcional. Además, los docentes involucrados destacan que les ha facilitado la implementación de estrategias que promueven un aprendizaje significativo entre sus estudiantes.
Jules Maincave
Authors: Hyman Philip
Published: March 2024

This article concentrates on the ideas and cooking of Jules Maincave who, in 1989, the author of an article in the 30 December issue of the French daily Le Monde, went so far as to suggest  be considered, along with Escoffier, Nignon and Fernand Point, for the title of ‘cook of the century’.  However today, Maincave’s name is virtually unknown beyond a small group of cognoscenti, although as recently as 2014 no less an authority than Hervé This, the French ‘inventor’ of Molecular Gastronomy, cites Maincave and his ‘revolutionary’ ideas. Although many of the dishes that shocked Maincave’s contemporaries may seem ‘tame’ by modern standards, some of his ideas have been embraced by modern chefs.
Hafalan dan Pengajaran Alquran sebagai Mahar Pernikahan Menurut Mazhab Hanafi dan Mazhab Syafi’i
Authors: Al Ghifari Hilman
Published: March 2024

Abstract: The complex development of the application of Islam has entered into various lines of life, including marriage. One of the growing trends in this millennial era is to make memorizing or reading the Koran use a marriage dowry for young people. However, many apply this only to fulfil their prestige without knowing the legal basis. Does this study discuss the opinion of the Hanafi School and the Shafi'i School in responding to the use of memorizing the Qur'an as a marriage dowry? Then what is the main argument for the two major schools of thought in determining opinions regarding memorizing the Qur'an as a marriage dowry? This research is descriptive-analytical with a comparative approach. The results of this study, Imam Shafi'i and the Shafi'i school, argue that the use of memorization and teaching of the Qur'an as a marriage dowry is permissible as long as the bride and groom express their willingness. Meanwhile, Imam Abu Hanifah and the Hanafi school stated that memorising and teaching the Qur'an as a marriage dowry is legally damaged (fasad) and must be replaced with a mitsil dowry.
Keywords: dowry, marriage, memorization, teaching.
 
Abstrak: Perkembangan kompleks tentang penerapan agama Islam telah masuk ke berbagai lini kehidupan termasuk dalam pernikahan. Salah satu tren yang berkembang di zaman milenial ini adalah menjadikan hafalan atau bacaan Alquran sebagai mahar pernikahan bagi muda-mudi. Namun banyak yang menerapkan hal tersebut hanya untuk memenuhi gengsi tanpa mengetahui bagaimana dasar hukumnya. Penelitian ini membahas tentang bagaimana pendapat Mazhab Hanafi dan Mazhab Syafi’i dalam menyikapi penggunaan hafalan Alquran sebagai mahar pernikahan? Lalu dalil apakah yang menjadi dasar argumen utama bagi kedua mazhab besar tersebut dalam menentukan pendapat terkait penggunaan hafalan Alquran sebagai mahar pernikahan? Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif-analitis dengan pendekatan komparatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini, Imam Syafi’i dan mazhab Syafi’i berpendapat bahwa penggunaan hafalan dan pengajaran Alquran sebagai mahar pernikahan itu dibolehkan selama kedua mempelai menyatakan kerelaannya. Sedangkan Imam Abu Hanifah dan mazhab Hanafi menyatakan bahwa penggunaan hafalan dan pengajaran Alquran sebagai mahar pernikahan status hukumnya adalah rusak (fasad) dan harus diganti dengan mahar mitsil.
Kata Kunci: mahar, pernikahan, hafalan, pengajaran.
Hukum Bermain Catur Menurut Mazhab Syafi’i dan Mazhab Maliki
Authors: Muiz Moch. Zulkarnain
Published: March 2024

Abstract: This article discusses the laws of playing chess according to the Syafi'i and Maliki schools. This research is library research and qualitative. Data were collected through the books of the mazhab Syafi'i and Maliki scholars, then the collected data were analyzed descriptively comparatively. The Syafi'i school argues that the law of playing chess is makruh as long as it is not accompanied by gambling, dirty speech, and obligatory worship. The Maliki school argues that playing chess is haram because it is similar to dice. Based on the comparative analysis, the Syafi'i school and the Maliki school agree that it is forbidden to play chess if it is accompanied by gambling and if it causes dirty speech and neglects obligatory worship. The two schools differ in their opinion regarding the law of playing chess that the Syafi'i mazhab requires playing chess based on the fiqh rule "everything is allowed" and there is no clear passage about the law of playing chess. Meanwhile, the Maliki school of law forbids playing chess by accepting it with dice games.
Keywords: Chess, Syafi'i school, Maliki school, Islamic law, comparative.
Abstrak: Artikel ini membahas tentang hukum bermain catur menurut mazhab Syafi’i dan mazhab Maliki. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian pustaka dan kualitatif. Pengambilan data dilakukan melalui kitab-kitab karya ulama mazhab Syafi’i dan ulama mazhab Maliki, kemudian data yang terkumpul dianalisis secara deskriptif komparatif. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa mazhab Syafi’i berpendapat bahwa hukum bermain catur adalah makruh jika tidak disertai dengan judi, perkataan kotor dan melupakan ibadah wajib. Mazhab Maliki berpendapat bahwa bermain catur hukumnya haram. Permainan catur sama dengan permainan dadu. Berdasarkan analisis komparatif, mazhab Syafi’i dan mazhab Maliki sepakat mengharamkan bermain catur jika disertai dengan judi, dan jika menyebabkan keluarnya ucapan kotor dan melalaikan ibadah wajib. Kedua mazhab tersebut berbeda pendapat dalam hal hukum bermain catur, bahwa mazhab Syafi’i memakruhkan bermain catur berdasarkan kaidah fikih “al-ashl fi al-ashya’ al-ibahah/segala sesuatu adalah boleh”, karena tidak ada nas yang secara jelas menjelaskan tentang hukum bermain catur. Sedangkan mazhab Maliki mengharamkan secara mutlak hukum bermain catur dengan mengqiyaskannya dengan permainan dadu.
Kata Kunci: Catur, mazhab Syafi’i, mazhab Maliki, hukum Islam, komparasi.
Dinamika Lembaga Bahtsul Masail Nahdlatul Ulama: Studi Komparasi Fatwa Pencatatan Perkawinan
Authors: Sani Kurnia
Published: March 2024

Abstract: This research seeks to find differences and similarities in fatwa products produced by several Bahtsul Masail Nahdlatul Ulama Institutions (LBM NU). This study focuses on fatwas related to the issue of registering marriages. There are still many unregistered marriages in Indonesia, which makes this research interesting. This research is library research. The data collection technique is through collecting documents and relevant data from primary data sources then supported by secondary data sources, then compared by comparing the fatwa of the Bahtsul Masail PWNU Yogyakarta institution and the fatwa of the Bahtsul Masail PBNU institution regarding marriage registration. The results of this study indicate that unregistered marriages raise pros and cons regarding the validity of the marriage.
Keywords: Registration of Marriage; Bahtsul Masail NU; Fatwa
 
Abstrak: Penelitian ini berupaya untuk menemukan perbedaan dan persamaan produk fatwa yang dihasilkan oleh beberapa Lembaga Bahtsul Masail Nahdlatul Ulama (LBM NU). Penelitian ini berfokus pada fatwa yang berkaitan dengan isu pencatatan perkawinan. Fakta bahwa di Indonesia masih banyak terjadi perkawinan siri menjadikan penelitian ini menarik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pustaka. Teknik pengumpulan data yakni melalui mengumpulkan dokumen dan data-data yang relevan dari sumber data primer kemudian ditunjang dengan sumber data sekunder, kemudian dikomparasikan dengan membandingkan fatwa lembaga Bahtsul Masail PWNU Yogyakarta dan fatwa lembaga Bahtsul Masail PBNU mengenai pencatatan perkawinan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perkawinan yang tidak dicatatkan menimbulkan pro kontra mengenai keabsahan perkawinan.
Kata Kunci: Pencatatan Perkawinan; Bahtsul Masail NU; Fatwa
Transaksi Pembayaran Melalui Cryptocurrency Dalam Perspektif Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia (Mui) dan Nahdlatul Ulama (NU)
Authors: Habibi Muhammad Wildan , Izza Luthfiah Nurul , Thalita Rahma
Published: March 2024

Uang sebagai alat tukar didalam kegiatan ekonomi telah mengalami banyak perubahan. Keberadaan uang yang semula terbuat dari hal-hal sederhana telah sampai kepada saat ini dimana uang hanya berupa kode digital didalam dunia virtual. Bitcoin sebagai cryptocurrency merupakan jenis uang revolusioner yang mempunyai nilai tukar yang tinggi. Keberadaan cryptocurrency sampai saat ini masih diperdebatkan penggunaannya di dunia baik dari segi kebijakan ekonomi keuangan ataupun segi syariat Islam. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode studi kepustakaan (Library Research), dengan menggunakan pendekatan hukum normatif dengan mengkaji dokumen-dokumen yang ada dengan cara deskriptif kualitatif. Data dikelola menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data bahan sekunder dan bahan tersier. Hasil dari penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa cryptocurrency adalah mata uang digital yang terlepas dari otoritas pemerintah pusat. Fungsi cryptocurrency dapat berjalan dengan ditopang oleh sistem ledger Blockchain yang berbasis peer to peer oleh para miners yang mampu menyelesaikan masalah besar dalam keuangan digital yaitu double spending problem dan byzantine general problem. cryptocurrency yang memiliki proteksi serta privasi yang tinggi, mengakibatkannya banyak disalahgunakan untuk kegiatan ilegal. Indonesia demi menjaga kedaulatan Pancasila melarang penggunaan cryptocurrency sebagai alat tukar, tetapi mengakuinya sebagai aset kripto yang dapat diperjualbelikan sebagai komoditi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan hukum transaksi pembayaran cryptocurrency dalam prespektif Majelis Ulama Indonesia dan Nahdlatul Ulama, menjelaskan Dasar Hukum Transaksi Pembayaran Melalui Cryptocurrency, cara transaksi pembayaran melalui cryptocurrency, cryptocurrency dalam perspektif hukum islam, menjelaskan jual beli mata uang kriptografi sebagai komoditi aset digital dan perbedaannya dengan jual beli komoditi syariah di Indonesia, menjelaskan pandangan fiqh mengenai jual beli mata uang kriptografi sebagai komoditi aset digital. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan kerangka berpikir bahwa sebagai bentuk pengamalan teori seorang muslim, harus melaksanakan hukum Islam sebagai konsekuensi logis dari pengakuannya. Pemahaman yang jelas tentang kehalalan penggunaan cryptocurrency baik sebagai mata uang, maupun sebagai komoditi sangat dibutuhkan sebagai penunjuk arah bagi seorang muslim. Aset kripto ditemukan mempunyai karakteristik layaknya komoditi nyata pada umumnya sehingga boleh diperjualbelikan untuk investasi selama menjauhi kegiatan spekulatif  tidak mengandung gharar, dharar dan tidak bertentangan dengan Undang-Undang nomor 7 tahun 2011 dan Peraturan Bank Indonesia nomor 17 tahun 2015.  serta memenuhi kaidah-kaidah syara yang dalam hal ini ditentukan oleh Majelis Ulama Indonesia dan Nahdlatul Ulama.

Kata kunci: Cryptocurrency, Majelis Ulama Indonesia, Nahdhatul Ulama, pembayaran.
Paradigma Ibadah Haji dan Umroh Ditinjau Berdasarkan Perspektif Hukum Islam dan Hukum Positif di Indonesia
Authors: Suci Wulandari  , Salman Daffa Nur Azizi  , Rifqi Thariq Hidayat
Published: March 2024

Indonesia is a country where the majority of its citizens embrace Islam. So Indonesia has become part of the largest Muslim countries in the world. As a Muslim, it is appropriate to carry out the Shari'a and religious rules correctly, such as carrying out the pillars of Islam. One of the pillars of Islam is the fifth pillar of Islam, namely the Hajj pilgrimage for anyone who is able. The word capable means being physically, mentally, and financially capable. The Hajj and Umrah pilgrimages are recommendations that should be carried out if someone has been declared baligh or mukhallaf. In its implementation, it turns out that Indonesia has provided regulations that are expected to provide a legal umbrella other than Islamic law. This paper uses a normative approach and data taken from various relevant literature sources based on the literature study. This article aims to determine the legal basis for implementing the Hajj and Umrah pilgrimages from the perspective of Islamic law and positive law in Indonesia.
Mekanisme Pembebasan Tanah Adat di Indonesia untuk Penggunaan Fasilitas Umum
Authors: Pailaka Abdul , Ansori Moh. , Wijaya Aldi Surya , Ibrahim Anton
Published: March 2024

Abstract: The acquisition of customary land for public interest development often suffers from problems. Among these problems is the discrepancy in the amount of compensation obtained by indigenous peoples whose land is freed for public use. Based on this, this article discusses the mechanism of customary land acquisition for the use of public facilities. Research is literature and analyzed descriptively. The results of the study concluded that land acquisition is an effort to free up land for the construction of public facilities to support the wider community's needs. Land acquisition for public interest development is carried out by the government, whose aiming to achieve prosperity and benefit the community. The customary land acquisition procedure and compensation mechanism are regulated in Law Number 2 of 2012 concerning Land Acquisition for Development in the Public Interest concerning land acquisition for public interest and Government Regulation (PP) Number 19 of 2021 concerning the Implementing Acquisition for Development in the Public Interest.
Keywords: Customary land, liberation, public interest, law.
Abstrak: Pembebasan tanah adat untuk pembangunan kepentingan umum kerap sekali mengalami problem. Di antara problem tersebut adalah ketidaksesuaianya jumlah ganti rugi yang didapatkan oleh masyarakat adat yang tanahnya dibebaskan untuk pembanguan kepentingan umum. Berdasarkan hal tersebut artikel ini membahas tentang mekanisme pembebasan tanah adat untuk penggunaan fasilitas umum. Penelitian bersifat pustaka dan dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa pembebasan tanah merupakan upaya dalam rangka membebaskan lahan untuk pembangunan fasilitas umum demi menunjang keperluan masyarakat luas. Pembebasan tanah untuk pembangunan kepentingan umum dilakukan oleh pemerintah yang tujuannya untuk mencapai kemakmuran serta kemaslahatan masyarakat. Prosedur pembebasan tanah adat dan mekanisme ganti ruginya diatur dalam Undang-undang (UU) Nomor 2 Tahun 2012 tentang Pengadaan Tanah Bagi Pembangunan Untuk Kepentingan Umum tentang pengadaan tanah bagi kepentingan umum dan Peraturan Pemerintah (PP) Nomor 19 Tahun 2021 tentang Penyelenggaraan Pengadaan Tanah bagi Pembangunan untuk Kepentingan Umum.
Kata Kunci: Tanah adat, pembebasan, kepentingan umum, hukum.
Dalil Kerusakan Lingkungan Hidup sebagai Dasar Pemenuhan Unsur Kerugian Negara dalam Tindak Pidana Korupsi
Authors: Febrianto Wahyu , Afriani Sri , Jaya Eni
Published: March 2024

Abstract: This legal research analyses and examines several problems. First, how criminal law examines corruption cases that result in environmental damage as a permanent impact of corruption in accordance with the provisions of national legislation; second, whether the ratio decidendi used by the judge is correct in deciding the corruption case as a result of environmental damage that has an impact on state losses This research is normative legal research with a case approach. The results showed that the argument of environmental damage in the crime of corruption as the fulfilment of the state loss element was adjusted to the applicable statutory provisions, and the analysis of the consideration of the panel of judges (ratio decidendi) in adjudicating a case regarding damage to the state environment in the crime of corruption.
Keywords: Environmental damage, state loss, corruption.
Abstrak: Penelitian hukum ini menganalisis dan mengkaji beberapa permasalahan. Pertama, bagaimana hukum pidana mengkaji kasus korupsi yang mengaibatkan kerusakan lingkungan sebagai dampak permanen dari korupsi sesuai dengan ketentuan perundang-undangan nasional? Kedua, apakah ratio decidendi yang digunakan oleh Hakim sudah tepat dalam memutuskan perkara kasus korupsi tersebut sebagai akibat dari kerusakan lingkungan yang memiliki dampak pada kerugian negara? Penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif yang bersifat preskriptif, dengan pendekatan kasus. Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 2633 K/PID.SUS/2018 didasarkan pada pendapat ahli melalui audit lingkungan dengan cara menghitung kerusakan tanah, lingkungan, dan biaya pemulihan akibat tindakan eksplorasi dan produksi. Dalam memperluas makna kerugian keuangan negara, majelis hakim menggunakan interpretasi doktriner. Perluasan makna kerugian keuangan negara tersebut pada dasarnya sejalan dengan Peraturan BPK Nomor 1 Tahun 2017 tentang Standar Pemeriksaan Keuangan Negara, bahwa kerugian negara dapat dideteksi melalui penyimpangan dari ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan, kecurangan (fraud), serta ketidakpatutan (abuse). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalil kerusakan lingkungan hidup dalam tindak pidana korupsi sebagai pemenuhan unsur kerugian negara disesuaikan dengan ketentuan perundang-undangan yang berlaku dan analisis terhadap pertimbangan majelis hakim (ratio decidendi) dalam mengadili suatu perkara tentang kerusakan lingkungan negara dalam tindak pidana korupsi.
Social Ontology of Youth Sub-Culture: Theory and Practice
Authors:   Volzhsky Branch of Volgograd State University, Bukin Dmitry , Fantrov Pavel ,   Volgograd State University, Meider Vyacheslav ,   Volzhsky Branch of Volgograd State University
Published: March 2024

The article substantiates the applicability of socio-ontological approaches and methods of theoretical ontology to the study of social reality. A wide range of references to traditional research in this area conducted by sociologists, legal scholars, economists and cultural scientists are provided. From the standpoint of social ontology, the key principles of the flow of some social processes are considered, first of all, the features of the development of youth sub-cultures. Using the classical methodology of categorical analysis, the attributive characteristics of their existence are identified. The examples show how atypical contradictory aspects of a given social phenomenon can be explained, namely, how ideas about non-physical space and time relate to traditional ontological categories; the predominance of processes of "horizontal mobility" in the activities of the subculture was discovered. The intervals of "quantitative stability" are defined as those in which the development of socially dynamic processes of a new quality occurs. Using the categorical pair "identity-difference", the specific features of the manifestation of social inequality in the education and functioning of the youth movement are considered. In the course of modal analysis, the role of the necessary, random and possible in explaining the current status of a social phenomenon, which has a "floating" ontological status, combining an indication of its physical and virtual existence, was revealed. The "problematic" mode of the possible as a way of manifesting the phenomenon of youth sub-culture allows us to point out the possibility of the predominance of "online culture" features in it. Based on the results obtained, prospects for further study and practical work with "complex" social phenomena are identified. It is shown that the prevention and suppression of illegal actions by representatives of youth cultures should be based not only on sociological, legal, etc. data research but also on a deep, comprehensive theoretical and philosophical analysis.
The Employment’s Problems of the Graduates from Professional Educational Organizations in the Conditions of the Modern Economy in Russia
Authors:   Ural State University of Economics, Efimova Elena , Prostova Dina ,   Ural State University of Economics, Dudina Irada ,   P.G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University
Published: March 2024

The article examines the problems of the modern Russian labor market: the lack of specialists, scarce specialties, and replenishment with new specialists – graduates of professional educational organizations – including the ways graduates search for work and methods that allow graduates to find employment. An important place in this study is given to the employment of young professionals. One of the main criteria (requirements of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation) and accreditation indicators for assessing the quality of training of specialists by professional educational organizations is the number of employed graduates. The indicators of employment in their specialty are also important, which is considered an indicator of the quality of training future specialists. To evaluate this criterion, the study analyzes employment indicators and the methods of employment used by graduates when searching for work in modern economic conditions. The analysis of statistical indicators on the graduation and employment of graduates over the past years, their dynamics, and factors of influence are revealed. The main goal of the study is to find opportunities to achieve an equilibrium between supply and demand in the labor market. As a result, the authors propose a model of interaction between the main participants in the educational process. The main participants in the proposed model are employers (enterprises, businesses, etc.), creating demand for specific labor market specialists; professional educational organizations (offering educational services); consumers of educational services (students and applicants; parents of students); and the state (as the main customer of in-demand specialists for the country's economy). The author's model structures the methods of interaction between participants in the labor market, allows us to identify the factors influencing the interaction of the main ones, and can be applicable for the national labor market and for regional markets.
Industrial Areas of the City: Strategies for Working with the Past
Authors:   Samara State Medical University, Ilivitskaya Larisa
Published: March 2024

The search for ways and mechanisms to optimize the state of industrial areas requires an appeal to their historical past. World and domestic experience shows that the past, including the industrial one, can become one of the main "growth points" of the city, actualizing its new functions and meanings. The latter can be considered from the standpoint of the "symbolic economy", which implies their transformation into material results. This article is an attempt to assess the historical potential of industrial areas in the symbolic and image aspects. The industrial area of Samara, Bezymyanka, was taken as the object of study. The paper identifies and substantiates four basic strategies for working with the past in relation to urban loci. On the ways of connecting the subjective and the objective, the real and the "imaginary", the degree of their implementation in relation to the territory under consideration is shown. The empirical base of the study was the results of a survey of residents of Samara (sample – 225 people), as well as secondary data obtained in the course of a study dedicated to Bezymyanka (performers: E.S. Baeva, O.N. Zaporozhets, sample – 360 people, 2007). The analysis showed that at the moment, due to the predominance of strategies for forgetting history and / or its narrowing, the historical potential of this area from the point of view of the townspeople can be assessed as low. That small layer of "historical", which is declared in the practices of commemoration and which the residents of the city point to, has a military-industrial coloring. And it is clearly not enough to overcome the negative imagery of the area. A strategy based on the principle of inheritance and associated with the implementation of initiatives of various urban communities at the level of urban mentality has not yet received a proper response.
Russian Religious Philosophers of the Silver Age on the Role and Functions of Heresies in History
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Makarov Andrey
Published: March 2024

The Russian religious philosophers of the Silver Age created the original concept of heresies. Their interpretation of heresies is ambivalent: first, heresies are symptoms of spiritual quests and the self-knowledge of a free spirit; second, two heresies that helped fuel the heresies of the twentieth century were chiliasm (S. Bulgakov) and spontaneous nihilism (N. Berdyaev). The inspiration for these came from the teachings about the end of time. This article will consider the point of view on heresy in the context of the doctrine of the absolute and the philosophy of history by L. Karsavin, the metaphysics of the spirit by N. Berdyaev, and the concept of Christian socialism by S. Bulgakov. Their idea is that heresies testify to the development of Christian doctrine, i.e., to its illnesses and impasses. He writes heresies into the history of spiritual research. All these concepts were a kind of response to the challenge of history, which Friedrich Nietzsche called "the death of God." In Russian thought, it manifested itself in the form of ritual belief among the people and the deadening of official church theology. Church writers did not see any social problems or an impending revolution. Therefore, Russian writers and philosophers of the Silver Age took upon themselves the mission of warning about the crisis of the religious attitude towards the world. Russian religious philosophers were interested in the phenomenon of the deadening of the Christian spirit in official church Christianity, and their special task was to counter the process of the deadening of the spirit in Orthodoxy. This caused the condemnation of all Russian religious philosophers in church circles. They were accused of heretical ideas of cosmism and sophiology. However, today they are the property of Russian religious culture; their works are included not only in university programs in philosophy and theology but also in the programs of theological seminaries.
Media Manipulation: A Critical Approach
Authors:   Academy of Media Industry, Druzhinin Andrey
Published: March 2024

This article provides a critical analysis of the phenomenon of media manipulation in the context of the philosophy of Herbert Marcuse. The works of the philosopher reveal in detail the essence of manipulation as a way of introducing imposed standards of consumption into the minds of individuals. This way of managing society in a market economy is aimed at the hidden enslavement of citizens as well as increasing the profits of the ruling class. According to H. Marcuse, the main task of the media in bourgeois society is the formation of false needs, prerequisites for the purchase of goods. As practice shows, in the conditions of the information society and the increasing influence of new media, this interpretation of manipulation remains relevant. New forms of destructive audience control (consumers, voters) are currently being used on social networks. They mimic various community initiatives that are identified through critiques of reports and fact-checking. Based on modern material, the article shows some of the characteristic features of manipulative influence. New forms of employment – freelancing and play work – are considered manipulative constructs aimed at increasing the exploitation of individuals. Such forms of employment are widespread in the modern media industry. The penetration of the phenomenon under consideration into all spheres of human life allows us to speak about the total nature of the manipulative world order. Based on the analysis performed in the article, we can conclude that H. Marcuse's conceptual apparatus still applies. Some modern followers of his philosophical views successfully use critical theory as a way to explain various events and social processes. A critical assessment of the various manifestations of a one-dimensional society in the future serves as the basis for overcoming various destructive practices. The article emphasizes that a critical analysis of manipulative influence is connected with the ethical side of the work of mass media. The idea of morally acceptable forms and practices of mass communications today is one of the most common topics in scientific, scientificpractical, and industry literature on the ethics of journalistic creativity.
Eschatological Dilemma of V.S. Soloviev: Human Freedom or Divine Need?
Authors:   Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Romanenko Anastasia
Published: March 2024

The article deals with the eschatological ideas of V.S. Solovyov, which are the most important part of his historiosophy. The author notes that in the works of the philosopher, two largely disparate eschatologies stand out in relief. Despite the presence of many high-quality studies devoted to his work, the question of the ideological metamorphosis that caused this remains uncompletely clarified. "A special change in mental mood," in the words of V.S. Solovyov, which happened to him, has become a mystery both for the successors of his work and for modern researchers. In fact, they were faced with a dilemma: either, when comprehending history, to focus on human freedom and develop constructions of a socio-evolutionary type, or to focus on divine necessity, thereby falling under the influence of deterministic mindsets. The purpose of this article is to analyze the eschatological ideas of the Russian thinker and identify differences in the ideas characteristic of him in the early and late periods of his creative activity. To achieve it, the author resorts to comparative analysis, considering two landmark works by V.S. Solovyov: "Readings on God-Manhood", in which the evolutionary eschatology of the thinker was most adequately stated, and "Three Conversations...", which give a visual representation of the change in the thinker's worldview in the direction of transcendent Christian eschatology. As a result of the study, it is concluded that the dilemma posed by V.S. Solovyov requires not a choice between two different statements but their combination, which is what the thinker tried to do in his life of philosophizing. The most accurate way to the "spiritual testament" of V.S. Solovyov was followed by Russian metaphysicians, who further developed the history of philosophy and eschatology of the transcendental type, accepting the concept of Providence without detracting from the significance of the activity of free individuals capable of creativity.
Some problems of determining the wind load on lattice spatial structures
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia, Kononov D. A. , Karlova E. V. ,   Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia, Belyaeva Z. V. ,   Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia
Published: March 2024

The article discusses the problems of determining the wind load on lattice spatial structures. The provisions of Russian standards in the field of construction, electrical installa-tions and mechanical engineering, as well as European standards, regarding the regulation of wind loads, the assignment of aerodynamic coefficients and recommendations for the transi-tion from wind pressure to loads on lattice structures are analyzed. It was revealed that there are significant differences in the regulation of wind loads in Russian standards in the field of construction and in the field of electrical installations; The standards in the field of mechani-cal engineering have more preciseinstructions on the assignment of aerodynamic drag coefficients for profile-section rods than the standards in the construction field. It is shown that the methodology for determining the wind load on lattice structures is mainly focused on the use of simplified design schemes and requires improvement for use of spatial design schemes.
Functional, technological, constructive and compositional solutions of ski complexes
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia, Nurieva A. R. , Nikitina N. P. ,   Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia
Published: March 2024

The article analyzes the increased interest in alpine skiing and in the design of sports ski complexes. Classifications of ski resorts, main types and their descriptions are pre-sented. Particular attention is paid to indoor ski resorts, their architectural and landscape solu-tions. The planning classification is studied in detail and presented. The article also discusses many modern engineering technologies, including: air conditioning systems, snow cooling, air dehumidification; use of safe and inexpensive lifts; technologies for making snow on a slope, cooling the snow cover and air, and dehumidifying the air. Studying the topic of ski resorts proves the importance and relevance of the design and construction of indoor multi-functional ski complexes. This presupposes a variety of space-planning solutions that ensure year-round use, and as a result, the development of territories
Urban planning characteristics of the areas affecting on the frequency of using private transport
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia, Leontiev E. V. , Bulavina L. V. ,   Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia
Published: March 2024

The article examines the urban planning characteristics of the districts of Yekate-rinburg, which affect the frequency of use of personal vehicles, as well as the level of motori-zation in each district. The main factors are: the remoteness of the district from the city center, the development of the route and transport network, the provision of the district with places of employment, housing security per person, the availability of high-speed public transport. The principles according to which it is necessary to calculate parking spaces, depending on the characteristic features of each district, are defined. A population survey was conducted, according to the results of which the importance of urban planning factors for residents of the city was determined, as well as the percentage of the difference in the use of a private car in the central districts of the peripheral city. The method of differentiated calculation of parking spaces in the districts of the city of Yekaterinburg, depending on a comprehensive assessment of transport and planning characteristics, is given.
Implementation of building informational modeling in designing multi–story modular building
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia, Karimullin I. S. , Kozhemiako E. A. ,   Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia, Alekhin V. N. ,   Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia
Published: March 2024

The paper discusses features of employing BIM for designing modular building, using the Steel2Real'23 competition as a case study. The Steel2Real'23 student competition, organized by the Association for the Development of Steel Construction, seeks to enhance the usage of steel in construction. Modular construction is an emerging construction technol-ogy. However, a research gap is found concerning the practical usage of BIM in designing multi–story modular construction buildings in Russia. The article performs comparative anal-ysis of the various approaches for process of designing and highlights that have streamlined the work of architects and designers during planning and design phases. The conclusions em-phasize the advantages of employing information modeling in modular construction and out-line the potential for its integration into contemporary design practices.
Developing translation skills of scientific texts in cosmonautics in American literature. Совершенствование навыков перевода научных текстов по космонавтике в американской литературе для магистров специальности «Ракетные комплексы и космонавтика»
Authors: Искандарова Ольга
Published: March 2024

Данное учебное пособие направлено на развитие навыков американского стиля коммуникации на английском языке при изучении литературы по проектированию ракетных комплексов с целью повышения профессиональной и коммуникативной компетентности будущего специалиста в этой области, а также эффективного применения сформированных навыков, способствующих корректному использованию их в сфере профессиональной коммуникации. Предназначено для магистрантов, изучающих английский язык, обучающихся по направлению подготовки магистратуры «Ракетные комплексы и космонавтика».
Подготовка к итоговой государственной аттестации по направлению подготовки 38.04.03 «Управление человеческими ресурсами» в Северо-Восточном федеральном университете им. М.К. Аммосова
Authors: Михайлова Анна , Федоров Юрий
Published: March 2024

Учебно-методическое пособие составлено для магистрантов направления подготовки 38.04.03 «Управление персоналом: Управление человеческими ресурсами» в целях подготовки к итоговой государственной защите. Обобщен опыт и заключения председателей государственной экзаменационной комиссии по направлению 38.04.03 Управление персоналом: Управление человеческими ресурсами за период 2017-2023 учебные годы. Цель учебно-методического пособия оказать практическую помощь в подготовке к итоговой государственной аттестации. Учебно-методическое пособие содержит иллюстрирующие примеры для магистрантов. Учебно-методическое пособие опирается на локальные нормативные акты Северо-Восточного федерального университета им. М.К. Аммосова. Учебное издание утверждено учебно-методическим советом СВФУ.
Salgın Döneminde İlahiyat Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin Uzaktan Öğretime Yönelik Görüşlerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Ece Nesibe , Çelik Rahime
Published: March 2024

31 Aralık 2019 tarihinde, Çin’in Hubei eyaletinin Vuhan şehrinde ortaya çıkan ve 12 Mart 2020 itibariyle Dünya Sağlık Örgütü tarafından pandemi olarak ilan edilen Covid-19 salgını hızla yayılarak ülkemizde ve tüm dünyada etkili olmuştur. Küresel boyuttaki bu salgın birçok alanda olduğu gibi eğitim sisteminde de zorunlu değişimlere neden olmuştur. Vaka sayılarının artması ve sürecin ilk aşamalarında henüz tedavi yönteminin bilinememesinden kaynaklı birçok ülkede yüz yüze eğitim kesintiye uğramış ve eğitime uzaktan devam edilmesine karar verilmiştir. Bu çalışma, Covid19 pandemi döneminde Fırat Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi öğrencilerinin almış oldukları uzaktan öğretime yönelik görüşlerini belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırma nitel desenle yürütülmüş olup, çalışmanın yapısı göz önünde bulundurularak çalışma grubu oluşturulurken kolay ulaşılabilir durum örnekleme yöntemi tercih edilmiştir. Araştırma, 2020-2021 Bahar Yarıyılı Döneminde Fırat Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi hazırlık, 1, 2, 3 ve 4. sınıf düzeylerindeki öğrenciler ile yürütülmüştür. Çalışmanın bulgular kısmında öğrencilerle yapılan görüşmeler sonucu elde edilen verilere yer verilmiştir. Öncelikle öğrencilerin bilgisayar kullanma düzeyleri, derse girdikleri araçlar ve günlük internet kullanım süreleri tablolar aracılığıyla sunulmuştur. Görüşme verilerinin NVIVO-8 programı ile analiz edilmesiyle oluşan “uzaktan öğretime yönelik olumlu görüşler”, “uzaktan öğretime yönelik olumsuz görüşler” ve “öneriler” ana temaları ve bu temalara ait alt temalar katılımcıların referans cümleleri ile birlikte aktarılmıştır. “Uzaktan öğretime yönelik olumlu görüşler” ana teması altında uzaktan öğretimin avantajları, materyal, öğretim üyesi, ölçme ve değerlendirme alt temaları oluşmuştur. “Uzaktan öğretime yönelik olumsuz görüşler” temasının uzaktan eğitimin dezavantajları, materyal, öğretim üyesi, ölçme ve değerlendirme alt temalarından oluştuğu görülmüştür. “Öneriler” ana temasında ise katılımcıların etkileşimin artırılması, fırsat eşitliğinin sağlanması, uzaktan eğitim okuryazarlığı, yoklama, internet altyapısı, ölçme ve değerlendirmenin sağlık yürütülmesi alt temalarında görüş bildirdikleri tespit edilmiştir.
Peculiarities of Self-Attitude and Value Orientations in the Structure of the Self-Concept of a Bilingual Person
Authors: Svitiuk Svetlana
Published: March 2024

The article presents the results of an empirical study of self-attitude and value orientations of bilingual personality. We assume that bilinguals’ self-attitude and value orientations (being the most important characteristics of the self-concept) should have psychological peculiarities and differences from the self-attitude and value system of monolinguals. The sample included bilingual and monolingual teachers working in the universities of Irkutsk (N = 180) aged from 35 to 65. The teachers were asked to answer the following tests: S. Schwartz’s «Value Orientations questionnaire», V.V. Stolin’s and S.R. Panteleev’s «Self-attitude Questionnaire». Student’s t-test was used to interpret the results of the research. As a result of the study, such features of the self-attitude of a bilingual person as greater self-confidence, a better understanding of oneself, a more positive attitude towards one's own self, a greater interest in one's own «I», a sense of the value of one's own personality, greater self-acceptance were revealed. Such values as self-discipline, traditions, friendship, social well-being, tolerance, achievements, striving for cooperation, social relations, identification with the group, justice and equality, mastering new knowledge, creative activity are of great importance for the bilinguals.