bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Thoughts, Needs and Fears of Chemotherapy Patients—An Analysis Based on Google Search Behavior
Authors: Özistanbullu Deniz , Weber Ronja , Schröder Maria , Kippenberger Stefan , Kleemann Johannes , Stege Henner , Kaufmann Roland , Schilling Bastian , Grabbe Stephan , Wilhelm Raphael
Published: August 2024

Chemotherapy poses both physical and psychological challenges for patients, prompting many to seek answers independently through online resources. This study investigates German Google search behavior regarding chemotherapy-related terms using Google AdWords data from September 2018 to September 2022 to gain insights into patient concerns and needs. A total of 1461 search terms associated with “chemotherapy” were identified, representing 1,749,312 to 28,958,400 search queries. These terms were categorized into four groups based on frequency and analyzed. Queries related to “adjuvant” and “neoadjuvant” chemotherapy, as well as “immunotherapy”, suggest potential confusion among patients. Breast cancer emerged as the most searched tumor type, with hair loss, its management, and dermatological issues being the most searched side effects. These findings underscore the role of search engines such as Google in facilitating access to healthcare information and provide valuable insights into patient thoughts and needs. Healthcare providers can leverage this information to deliver patient-centric care and optimize treatment outcomes.
Demographic-, Radiographic-, and Surgery-Related Factors Do Not Affect Functional Internal Rotation Following Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Comparative Study
Authors: Hochberger Felix , Siebler Jakob , Rupp Marco-Christopher , Scheiderer Bastian , Siebenlist Sebastian , Geyer Stephanie
Published: August 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the demographic-, radiographic-, and surgery-related factors influencing postoperative functional internal rotation (fIR) following reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA). Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, patients who underwent RTSA between June 2013 and April 2018 at a single institution were assigned to two groups (“IROgood” or “IRObad”). Patients were classified as having good fIR (≥8 points in the Constant–Murley score (CS) and fIR to the twelfth thoracic vertebra or higher) or poor fIR (≤2 points in the CS and fIR to the twelfth thoracic vertebra or lower) after RTSA with a single implant model. The minimum follow-up period was two years. Standardized shoulder-specific scores (Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Simple Shoulder Test (SST), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Score (ASES), Constant–Murley score (CS)) were used to assess the pre- and postoperative functional status of patients. Postoperative radiographic evaluation included the distalization shoulder angle (DSA), lateralization shoulder angle (LSA), critical shoulder angle (CSA), acromiohumeral distance (AHD), glenoid inclination (GI), medialization of the center of rotation (COR), lateralization of the humerus, and distalization of the greater tuberosity. Additionally, preoperative evaluation included rotator cuff arthropathy according to Hamada, glenoid version, anterior or posterior humeral head subluxation, and fatty infiltration of the rotator cuff according to Goutallier. Univariate analysis of demographic, surgical, radiographic, and implant-associated parameters was performed to identify factors associated with postoperative fIR. The Shapiro–Wilk test assessed the normal distribution of the data. Intergroup comparisons regarding demographic and surgery-related factors were conducted using the Mann–Whitney-U Test. Radiographic changes were compared using chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results: Of a total of 42 patients, 17 (age: 73.7 ± 5.0 years, follow-up (FU) 38 months [IQR 29.5–57.5]) were included in the “IRObad” group, and 25 (age: 72 ± 6.1 years, FU 47 months [IQR 30.5–65.5]) were included in the “IROgood” group. All patients were treated with the same type of implant (glenosphere size: 36 mm, 14.3%; 39 mm, 38.1%; 42 mm, 47.6%; neck-shaft angle: 135° in 68.0%; 155° in 32.0%) and had comparable indications. Univariate analysis did not reveal any of the investigated demographic, radiographic, or surgery-related parameters as risk factors for poor postoperative fIR (p > 0.05). Conclusion: None of the investigated factors, including implant-associated parameters, influenced postoperative fIR after RTSA in this cohort.
Supraspinal Activation Induced by Visual Kinesthetic Illusion Modulates Spinal Excitability
Authors: Okouchi Takeru , Hirabayashi Ryo , Nakashima Saki , Abe Asuka , Yokota Hirotake , Sekine Chie , Ishigaki Tomonobu , Akuzawa Hiroshi , Edama Mutsuaki
Published: August 2024

Repetitive passive movement (RPM) enhances reciprocal inhibition. RPM is more effective when performed rapidly and at wide joint angles. However, patients with limited joint range of motion may not receive the most effective RPM. Therefore, having an alternative method for performing RPM in patients who cannot perform actual exercise due to limited joint motion is necessary. This study investigated the effects of RPM on spinal excitability using a visual kinesthetic illusion. Participants included 17 healthy adults (7 women). Measurements were taken before, during, and immediately after the intervention. We established two intervention conditions: the control condition, in which participants focused their attention forward, and the illusion condition, in which participants watched a video about RPM. F-waves from the tibialis anterior and soleus muscles were measured, and F-wave persistence and F/M amplitude ratios were analyzed. Under the illusion condition, compared with the preintervention condition, the F/M amplitude ratio of the tibialis anterior increased by approximately 44% during the intervention (p < 0.05), whereas the F-wave persistence of the soleus decreased by approximately 23% from the immediate start of the intervention (p < 0.05). This study suggests that a visual kinesthetic illusion can increase the spinal excitability of the tibialis anterior, whereas reciprocal inhibition can decrease the spinal excitability of the soleus.
How Useful Is TikTok for Patients Searching for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome-Related Treatment Exercises?
Authors: Briggs Damon V. , Anastasio Albert T. , Bethell Mikhail A. , Taylor Joshua R. , Richard Marc J. , Klifto Christopher S.
Published: August 2024

Since orthopedic surgery has been slower to acknowledge the rise of social media for distributing medical information, this study aims to evaluate TikTok videos’ quality and educational value in relation to carpal tunnel syndrome treatment exercises. TikTok was searched using the hashtags “#carpaltunnelexercises”, “#carpaltunnelremedies”, “#carpaltunnelrehab”, and “#physicaltherapyforcarpaltunnel”. The engagement indicators were documented and the video content quality was assessed using the DISCERN, CTEES, JAMA, and GQS grading scales. There were 101 videos included, which accumulated 20,985,730 views. The videos received 1,460,953 likes, 15,723 comments, 243,245 favorites, and 159,923 shares. Healthcare professionals were responsible for 72% of the video uploads, whereas general users contributed 28%. More healthcare professionals’ videos were graded as “poor” (79%) compared to general users (21%). General users received slightly more video grades of “very poor” (52%) than healthcare professionals (48%). For the DISCERN grading, the videos by healthcare professionals were significantly better than those by general users in terms of reliability, achieving aims, and relevancy. They were also superior in the overall composition of the health information derived from the total DISCERN score. However, no significant differences were found between the two groups when using the CTEES, JAMA, and GQS grading scales. Overall, despite the emergence of TikTok as a medical information tool, the quality and educational value of the carpal tunnel syndrome exercise videos were poor.
Correction: Kim et al. Factors Affecting Abdominal Obesity: Analyzing National Data. Healthcare 2024, 12, 827
Authors: Kim Gwihyun , Woo Hyekyung , Ji Young-A
Published: August 2024

In the original publication [...]
Experiences and Perceptions of Cervical Cancer Screening Using Self-Sampling among Under-Screened Women in Flanders
Authors: Buelens Charlotte , Stabel Margot , Wildiers Alice , Peremans Lieve , Van Hal Guido , Van Doorsselaere Lotje , Lievens Annouk , Vorsters Alex , Van Keer Severien , Verhoeven Veronique
Published: August 2024

Primary Human Papillomavirus (HPV) screening on samples collected by women themselves has proven to be an effective strategy for cervical cancer screening (CCS) and may increase participation rates in women who do not partake (regularly) in screening. The aim of this study is to investigate reasons for non-participation and perceptions of CCS using self-sampling methods among under-screened women in Flanders. Individual interviews with 15 underscreened women aged 30–64 years were conducted. During the interviews, participants were given the opportunity to try out a urine and vaginal self-sampling kit. Thematic analysis was based on Ajzen’s model of the Theory of Planned Behavior. The results showed that 14 out of 15 participants were more likely to participate in CCS if they had the option to self-sample. One of the main findings was a lack of knowledge on different aspects of cervical cancer. Most women had a positive attitude toward cancer screening and primary prevention such as HPV vaccination. Subjective norms were influenced by healthcare professionals, peers, and organized government initiatives. Informational, organizational, contextual, and emotional factors were mentioned as barriers as well as facilitators for participation. Additionally, high self-efficacy was considered to make self-sampling more convenient. All women showed the intention to use at least one method of self-sampling. We can conclude that women who do not participate in CCS would be more motivated to participate using self-sampling methods. Adequate education and guidance should be provided.
Impact of VR-Based Cognitive Training on Working Memory and Inhibitory Control in IDD Young Adults
Authors: Trigueiro Maria João , Lopes Joana , Simões-Silva Vítor , Vieira de Melo Bruno Bastos , Simões de Almeida Raquel , Marques António
Published: August 2024

Background: Young people with intellectual developmental disabilities have a persistent delay in the development of executive functions. Virtual reality (VR) is increasingly being used as a cognitive intervention tool, with significant effectiveness demonstrated in different types of populations. Methods: This pilot study aims to investigate the impact of a cognitive training program utilizing VR on young adults diagnosed with intellectual developmental disabilities (IDDs). The participants (N = 15) served as their own control group and were assessed three times: weeks 0, 8, and 16, with a rest period (0–8 weeks) and an intervention period (8–16 weeks). The assessments included measures of cognitive function provided by E-Prime® (Version 3). Results: Overall, an improvement in working memory and inhibitory control was found after the intervention, but not in sustained attention. Conclusions: These findings suggest that VR-based cognitive training holds promise as an effective intervention for enhancing cognitive abilities in young adults with intellectual developmental disabilities. This study provides a foundation for future investigations into VR’s role in cognitive rehabilitation and its potential to support daily living skills and overall quality of life for individuals with IDDs. Further research is needed to explore the long-term effects and broader applicability of VR interventions.
Educational Programs Supporting Higher Education Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Syriopoulou-Delli Christine , Sarri Kyriaki , Papaefstathiou Elpis , Filiou Areti-Eirini , Gkiolnta Eleni
Published: August 2024

Young individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) seem to attend higher education more frequently. Yet, the academic performance of students with ASD and the graduation rate appear to be poorer than those of typical development students. Moreover, college students with ASD face several challenges in their everyday and social lives. Students with ASD seem not to receive the appropriate social and educational support in higher education. This article reports the results of a systematic literature review of research programs and services designed to meet the needs of students with ASD enrolled in higher education. Several interventions are available and appear to be effective in supporting students with ASD in higher education (e.g., social planning intervention, focus groups, coaching paired with behavioral skills training, video feedback, visual framework, peer mentoring, and virtual reality). In addition, this article shows that colleges and universities face the challenge of preparing for these students and the need to provide psychological support for them. Moreover, studies of experiences and opinions of college students with ASD from their perspectives are included.
Optimizing Sweet Cherry Attributes through Magnesium and Potassium Fertilization
Authors: Santos Marlene , Pereira Sandra , Ferreira Helena , Sousa João Ricardo , Vilela Alice , Ribeiro Carlos , Raimundo Fernando , Egea-Cortines Marcos , Matos Manuela , Gonçalves Berta
Published: August 2024

Plant nutrition through fertilizer application plays a crucial role in enhancing crop quality and yield, necessitating a balanced fertilization approach. Sweet cherry, esteemed as one of the most prized crops worldwide, was the focus of this three-year study spanning from 2019 to 2021, involving the sweet cherry cultivar Burlat. This study investigated the foliar application of magnesium (Mg) and potassium (K) to enhance fruit quality parameters. Different doses of Mg (250 g hL−1 and 125 g hL−1) and K (100 g hL−1 and 50 g hL−1) and a control treatment were administered to sweet cherry trees to assess their impact on fruit quality. At the commercial ripening stage, fruits from each treatment were harvested for comprehensive evaluation, including biometric and chromatic parameters, fruit firmness, routine parameters, sensory profile, and nutrient content analysis. Results from the study revealed notable enhancements in fruit weight and dimensions, particularly in the control treatment in 2020. Furthermore, Mg125 and Mg250 treatments exhibited improved color development and accelerated maturity by increasing the total soluble solids content while decreasing titratable acidity. Sensorial profiling indicated that Mg125 and Mg250 treatments intensified color intensity and sweet taste while mitigating sour taste perceptions. Conversely, potassium fertilization, especially the K50 treatment, led to increased fruit firmness and nutrient content. These findings offer valuable insights into optimizing sweet cherry production practices globally.
Strawberry Volatile Organic Compounds for Targeted Metabolomics: The AMDIS Strawberry User Library from Korean Germplasm
Authors: Do Eunsu , Jee Eungu , Gil Chan Saem , Kim Seolah , Lee Sun Yi , Ku Kang-Mo
Published: August 2024

Strawberry aroma, crucial for determining quality, involves complex volatile compounds which are challenging to identify. This study explores strawberry aroma analysis using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and the Automated Mass Spectral Deconvolution and Identification System (AMDIS). Central to our research is the creation of a bespoke strawberry Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) user library using AMDIS, specifically for analyzing strawberry aromas. The library contains VOCs from 61 strawberry cultivars, integrating information on 104 VOCs, including mass spectra, retention index, chemical class, CAS number, formula, odor threshold, and odor description. This custom library significantly outperformed a commercial library by reducing potential false hits by 200, decreasing the size of report files by over 96%, and, most importantly, shortening AMDIS analysis processing time from 31 s to 9 s, representing an approximate 71% reduction. Further, the study demonstrates the library’s practical application by contrasting the aroma profiles of strawberries harvested in winter and spring. This comparison revealed significant VOC variations depending on seasonal temperature changes, offering insights into environmental influences on strawberry aroma. In conclusion, this research marks a significant advance in strawberry aroma quality analysis. The strawberry VOC library developed in this study is expected to greatly aid targeted metabolomics and flavor research in strawberry breeding.
Mutagenesis and Flowering Promotion through Sodium Azide In Vitro Culture of Cymbidium faberi Rolfe
Authors: Wu Zhengjing , Liu Sujuan , An Bingjie , Zhang Hao , Wu Jingjing , Li Chenfang , Long Yuan
Published: August 2024

Cymbidium faberi Rolfe is one of the traditional Chinese orchids with important ornamental value, and the cultivation of Cymbidium faberi Rolfe mutant strains with different appearances is essential to increase its economic value. However, at present, their acquisition largely relies on natural mutation. The objectives of this research were to mutagenize Cymbidium faberi Rolfe protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) and shoots in vitro using sodium azide (NaN3) and to screen and evaluate mutants in the mutagenized seedlings using morphological characteristics. Cymbidium faberi Rolfe PLBs and shoots were used as mutagenic materials. Mutations were induced by the addition of 0.0 (control), 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 mg·L−1 and 0.0 (control), 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, 9.0, and 10.0 mg·L−1 NaN3 to a shoot-growth-inducing medium. The mortality rates of the PLBs and shoots increased with an increase in the NaN3 concentration. At 14 d of co-cultivation, the PLBs and shoots were most efficiently mutagenized with 1.5 mg·L−1 and 4.0 mg·L−1 NaN3, respectively. After the explants were cultured for 3 months, changes in leaf and flower morphology were observed in some mutants: shorter and thicker leaves, shorter node length, reduced height, and mid-translucent leaves compared with controls. Some Cymbidium faberi Rolfe bloomed prematurely, with single flowers with large, thick petal sepals and small inflorescences. Colors included light green throughout, with some exhibiting purple stamens. This suggests that NaN3 can effectively mutagenize Cymbidium faberi Rolfe PLBs and shoots to satisfy people’s demand for this plant’s ornamental properties while increasing its economic value.
Genome-Wide Identification and Male Sterility-Related Expression Analysis of Papain-like Cysteine Protease Gene Family in Capsicum annuum
Authors: Chen Rong , Wang Benqi , Huang Shuping , Chen Xia , Tan Jie , Zhang Hongyuan , Wang Junliang , Zhang Min
Published: August 2024

PLCPs (papain-like cysteine proteases) are one of the most abundant groups of cysteine proteases and play vital roles in multiple processes. The pepper (Capsicum annuum) is an important Solanaceae vegetable crop; its commercial hybrid seeds are widely used in production. Male sterility is a valuable trait for hybrid seed production. However, the function of PLCPs and the underlying mechanisms of male sterility in peppers remain unclear. In this study, we comprehensively identified the PLCP gene family in peppers, identifying 31 CaPLCPs. A phylogenetic analysis classified 31 members into eight clades. These CaPLCPs were unevenly distributed across eight chromosomes, and five segmental duplicated pairs were observed. The promoter cis-acting element analysis indicated that CaPLCP promoters contained abundant hormone-responsive and stress-responsive cis-elements, suggesting that CaPLCPs may play important roles in responding to abiotic stress, such as drought and low temperatures, as well as in plant immunity. The qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated that the expression levels of CaPLCP1, CaPLCP5, CaPLCP11, CaPLCP12, CaPLCP13, CaPLCP17, CaPLCP19, and CaPLCP21 were significantly reduced in the flowers of MS (male sterile pepper) at least at one stage, indicating their potential roles as regulatory factors in pepper male sterility. These findings provide important insights into the functional analysis of the PLCP gene family in peppers and other species, laying a crucial foundation for understanding the mechanisms of male sterility in peppers.
In-Depth Understanding of Cytoplasmic Male Sterility by Metabolomics in Spring Stem Mustard (Brassica juncea var. tumida Tsen et Lee)
Authors: Wang Jie , Shen Ying , Huang Yunping , Ren Xiliang , Gao Tianyi , Yu Youjian , Wang Yuhong , Meng Qiufeng
Published: August 2024

Male sterility (MS) caused by aborted pollen is a vital germplasm resource. In this study, metabolomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic analyses were performed to investigate the molecular regulatory mechanism of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) in the flower buds of the male sterile line 09-05A and its maintainer line, 09-05B, of Brassica juncea. Our metabolomic analysis revealed that 41 metabolites involved in pollen development and male fertility formation were differentially accumulated between 09-05A and 09-05B at the bi-nucleate stage of B. juncea. Integrated omics indicated that the expression of key genes and proteins in the amino acid and phenylpropanoid metabolic pathways was remarkably downregulated in the flower buds of 09-05A. Furthermore, the abnormal expression of key transcription factor (TF) genes related to tapetum development and pollen wall formation may affect pollen development in the 09-05A CMS line. The results indicated that the downregulated expression level of critical genes and proteins in amino acid metabolism; phenylpropanoid synthesis; and TF genes, such as shikimate kinase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, and MYB103, may have led to impaired tapetum and pollen wall development, thereby causing pollen abortion in 09-05A. This study provides new insights into the metabolic and molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying the formation of CMS in B. juncea and lays a foundation for detailed studies on the identity and characteristics of MS-related genes.
Modeling Tomato Yield and Quality Responses to Water and Nitrogen Deficits with a Modified Crop Water Production Function
Authors: Jiang Xuelian , Fan Mengying , Wang Tianci , Gong Shuai , Hao Wenya , Ye Yingxin , Zhao Yueling , Cui Ningbo , Zhao Huan , Zhao Lu
Published: August 2024

Increasingly severe crises, such as climate change, water scarcity and environmental pollution, pose significant challenges to global food security and sustainable agricultural development. For efficient and sustainable tomato cultivation management under resource constraints, quantitatively describing the relationship between yield-quality harvest and water-nitrogen application is practically beneficial. Two successive greenhouse experiments with three irrigation levels (1/3 FI, 2/3 FI, and full irrigation (FI)) and four nitrogen fertilizer treatments (0 FN, 1/3 FN, 2/3 FN, and full nitrogen (FN)) were conducted on tomatoes during the whole phenological stage. The tomato evapotranspiration and nitrogen application amount, yield, comprehensive quality, solid–acid ratio, and lycopene content were measured. Based on crop water production functions, three equation forms of water-nitrogen production functions containing 20 models were established and evaluated to predict tomato harvest parameters. The results show that water increased tomato yield while decreasing fruit quality, and the effect of nitrogen was primarily contrary. Water most significantly impacted tomato formation, and the interaction of water and nitrogen changed among different harvest parameters. Tomato yield and quality formation was more sensitive to water and nitrogen at the flowering and fruit maturation stages. Model Singh-2 outweighed other models for yield estimates, with an R2 of 0.71 and an RMSE of 0.11. Singh-Log, Singh-sigmoid and Rao-Root models were effective models for comprehensive quality, solid–acid ratio, and lycopene content prediction, with an R2 of 0.41, 0.62, and 0.42, and an RMSE of 0.33, 0.50, and 0.16, respectively. Finally, models in the form of f(ETi)·f(N) were ideal for tomato harvest prevision and are recommended for water and nitrogen management in tomato cultivation.
Morphological and Molecular Characterization of the Potato Rot Nematode, Ditylenchus destructor, Parasitizing Garlic in Korea
Authors: Huh Sungchan , Park Sohee , Je Hwanseok , Park Namsook , Kim Donggeun , Choi Insoo , Kang Heonil
Published: August 2024

A survey of plant parasitic nematodes was carried out in 650 garlic fields in Korea from 2020 to 2022. Migratory endoparasite nematodes (Ditylenchus sp.) were recovered from 6% of the garlic samples, with an average density of 494 individuals per garlic bulb. The morphological characteristics of males and females from the 2022 survey were very similar to D. destructor, but D. dipsaci was not found. The Korean population traits have a lateral field containing six incisures, and the posterior esophagus part overlaps the intestine dorsally. PCR and DNA sequencing were performed for the D2/D3 region of the ribosomal DNA 28S and the ITS region, and the phylogenetic analysis strongly supports the monophyly of D. destructor. This is the first report of D. destructor parasitizing garlic in the Republic of Korea. In Korea, due to changes in agricultural or environmental conditions, the most damaging potential PPNs changed from D. dipsaci to D. destructor in garlic cultivation.
An Analysis of the Spatiotemporal Variability of Key Water Quality Parameters in China
Authors: Li Kexin , Yang Qichun , Li Xia
Published: August 2024

Intensifying anthropogenic disturbances have caused water pollution in China in recent decades. China has a vast territory with diverse climate conditions, land use types, and human activities, leading to significant water quality variability. However, few studies have investigated nationwide spatiotemporal patterns of key water quality parameters. In this study, we analyze monthly water quality observations from 3647 gauge stations to understand how water quality changes over time and space in China. We group the stations by water resource regions and adopt Python and SPSS to analyze the spatiotemporal variability and intercorrelations of eight water quality parameters. Results indicate that the concentrations of biochemical oxygen demand of 5 days (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved oxygen (DO), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) show similar spatial patterns, with higher concentrations in the northern parts than the southern regions of China. The concentrations of COD and TP are higher in the rainy season than in the dry season, while DO, NH3-N, and TN show the opposite seasonal patterns. Strong positive correlations were found between BOD and COD, NH3-N and TP. The annual cumulative distribution figures demonstrate that all parameters showed slightly lower concentrations in 2022 and 2023 than in 2021, except for DO and TN. The TN/TP ratios across different water resource regions in China are significantly higher than 16, indicating that phosphorus is the limiting factor of eutrophication. This investigation provides a comprehensive understanding of the spatiotemporal variability of water quality parameters across China. The results of this study are highly valuable for investigating mechanisms regulating water quality across large spatial scales, thus providing valuable implications for improving water quality and mitigating water pollution.
Performance in the Six-Minute Walking Test Does Not Discriminate Excessive Erythrocytosis Patients in a Severe Hypoxic Environment
Authors: Rojas-Chambilla Rossela Alejandra , Vilca-Coaquira Kely Melina , Tejada-Flores Jeancarlo , Tintaya-Ramos Henry Oscar , Quispe-Trujillo Mariela Mercedes , Calisaya-Huacasi Ángel Gabriel , Quispe-Humpiri Solanyela Anny , Pino-Vanegas Yony Martin , Salazar-Granara Alberto Alcibiades , Tácuna-Calderón Ana Lucía , García-Bedoya Nancy Mónica , Yang Moua , Viscor Ginés , Hancco-Zirena Iván
Published: August 2024

Background: Chronic exposure to severe hypoxia causes an increase in hematocrit (Hct) and hemoglobin concentration ([Hb]), which can lead to excessive erythrocytosis (EE) and impact physical performance. This work aims to determine the differences in the six-minute walking test (6MWT) between EE and healthy subjects residing at more than 5000 m. Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional study was performed on 71 men (36 healthy and 25 suffering from EE) living in La Rinconada, Peru (5100 m). Basal levels of [Hb] and Hct were obtained. All the subjects performed the 6MWT, and distance reached, vital signs, dyspnea, and fatigue (Borg scale) at the end of the test were recorded. Results: The average [Hb] and Hct levels in the control group were 18.7 ± 1.2 g/dL and 60.4 ± 7.1%, respectively, contrasting with EE subjects, who showed 23.4 ± 1.6 g/dL and 73.6 ± 5.9% (p < 0.001). However, no statistically significant differences were observed in BMI or other anthropometric parameters. At the end of the 6MWT, the distance traveled and vital constants were similar between both groups, except for arterial oxygen saturation, which was consistently lower in subjects with EE throughout the test. Conclusion: EE does not significantly affect 6MWT performance at high altitudes, nor the hemodynamic control during moderate aerobic exercise of subjects who live permanently in a severely hypoxic environment.
Advancing Refugee Health Data Management: The Implementation of ICD-11 in UNRWA’s Primary Care System
Authors: Broadwin Cassandra , Zeidan Wafa’a , Siam Mai , Kostanjsek Nenad , Doctor Henry Victor , Aly Eman Abdelkreem , Shraim Mohammad , Ballout Ghada , Seita Akhiro
Published: August 2024

The United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) was one of the earliest healthcare systems globally to implement the International Classification of Diseases, Eleventh Revision (ICD-11) across its 140 clinics serving 5.9 million Palestine refugees. This paper discusses the integration of ICD-11 into UNRWA’s cloud-based electronic medical record (EMR) system, identifying both the barriers and facilitators involved and analyzing trends in clinical documentation and healthcare utilization. The key challenges included data privacy provisions, integration into a coordinated care model, complex classification schema for primary care settings, frequent staff turnover, and limited data analysis capabilities. Conversely, facilitators included physician-tailored training and on-site support, system compatibility, a multidisciplinary team approach, policy support from UNRWA and the World Health Organization (WHO), and leadership commitment and effective change management. Medical officers (MOs) using ICD-11 reported greater satisfaction with the system’s capabilities in managing and visualizing health information. This article contributes to the discourse on health data management in complex humanitarian settings, offering insights into the benefits and challenges of implementing advanced classification systems like ICD-11. Future research should explore longitudinal impacts and further integration with global health systems, ensuring that the advancements in classification continue to support the overarching goal of health equity and access in vulnerable and hard-to-reach populations.
Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. Contamination of Food and Water Consumed by Children with Diarrhoea in Maputo, Mozambique
Authors: Faife Sara , Macuamule Custódia , Gichure Josphat , Hald Tine , Buys Elna
Published: August 2024

In Mozambique, about 500,000 cases of diarrhoea were caused by foodborne pathogens in 2018. A review of the epidemiology of diarrhoea in children under five showed a high disease burden. This study aimed to identify Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) and Salmonella spp. contamination of food and water in urban and rural areas of Maputo consumed by children under five with diarrhoea. One hundred and eighty-six children with diarrhoea were selected from Primeiro de Maio and Marracuene Health Care Centres from the Kamaxakeni and Marracuene districts, respectively. Food (n = 167) and water (n = 100) samples were collected in children’s households for diarrhoeagenic bacterial identification. Interviews were conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire to collect data about demographics and foods consumed a week before the children’s diarrhoea episodes. The prevalence of both DEC and Salmonella spp. was 9.8% in food and 5.4% in water samples. DEC was most prevalent in cereals (urban = 2.8%; rural = 2.4%) and water samples (urban = 1.4%; rural = 3.3%). Salmonella spp. was mainly detected in cereals (urban = 0.7%; rural = 0.8%). Diarrhoeagenic pathogens were associated with the type of food frequently consumed by children under five years with diarrhoea (infant formula, fruit puree, ready-to-eat meals, and bottled water), while the association with demographics was absent. We found that the infant foods consumed by children with diarrhoea are associated with DEC and Salmonella spp., and the prevalence of these contaminants is higher in the rural (8.9%) than in the urban area (6.3%), showing the need for caregiver education on food handling practices.
Efficiency of Healthcare Financing: Case of European Countries
Authors: Kwilinski Aleksy , Vysochyna Alina
Published: August 2024

Global turbulence and uncertainty force civil servants and executors to optimise public finance distribution. The COVID-19 pandemic aligned with the necessity of assessing the efficiency of healthcare financing due to its capability in overcoming the negative consequences. The paper analyses the peculiarities of healthcare financing in 34 European countries and points out trends and changes in its structure and dynamics. It also realises cluster analysis to reveal models of healthcare financing and their specific features. Panel data regression analysis was used to assess the efficiency of healthcare financing within each cluster by clarifying the relationship between healthcare expenditures and public health outcome—life expectancy. The distributed lag model was also used to test for time lags between financial inflows in healthcare and its outcome. Empirical results highlight key tips for optimising healthcare financing and creating the benchmark model.
Investigating Resident–Tourist Sharing of Urban Public Recreation Space and Its Influencing Factors
Authors: Tang Yanan , Li Lin , Gan Yilin , Xie Shuangyu
Published: August 2024

Urban public recreation space (UPRS) is an integral part of the urban public space system. With the rise of urban tourism, these areas have evolved into important spaces for leisure and entertainment, serving both residents and tourists. However, the extent to which these spaces are shared by the two groups remains unclear. This study quantified the level of UPRS equally shared by residents and tourists in Wuhan, China, using geotagged check-in data from 74 UPRS. We evaluated and compared the resident–tourist sharing degree across various types of UPRS and explored its influencing factors using multiple linear regression (MLR). The results indicated the following: (1) The sharing degree was at a moderate level and it varied significantly across different types of UPRS. (2) Characteristic streets had the highest sharing degree, followed by cultural spaces, urban parks, and tourist scenic spots. (3) The number of nearby tourist attractions, road density, and number of transport stops positively affected sharing degree. These findings suggest that the combination layout of UPRS with other tourist attractions and enhanced accessibility can effectively improve the shared usage of UPRS.
Mature MUC5AC Expression in Resected Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Predicts Treatment Response and Outcomes
Authors: Manne Ashish , Esnakula Ashwini , Sheel Ankur , Sara Amir , Manne Upender , Paluri Ravi Kumar , He Kai , Yang Wancai , Sohal Davendra , Kasi Anup , Noonan Anne M. , Mittra Arjun , Hays John , Roychowdhury Sameek , Malalur Pannaga , Rahman Shafia , Jin Ning , Cloyd Jordan M. , Tsai Susan , Ejaz Aslam , Pitter Kenneth , Miller Eric , Thanikachalam Kannan , Dillhoff Mary , Yu Lianbo
Published: August 2024

Neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) for early-stage pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) has recently gained prominence. We investigated the clinical significance of mucin 5 AC (MUC5AC), which exists in two major glycoforms, a less-glycosylated immature isoform (IM) and a heavily glycosylated mature isoform (MM), as a biomarker in resected PDA. Immunohistochemistry was performed on 100 resected PDAs to evaluate the expression of the IM and MM of MUC5AC using their respective monoclonal antibodies, CLH2 (NBP2-44455) and 45M1 (ab3649). MUC5AC localization (cytoplasmic, apical, and extra-cellular (EC)) was determined, and the H-scores were calculated. Univariate and multivariate (MVA) Cox regression models were used to estimate progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Of 100 resected PDA patients, 43 received NAT, and 57 were treatment-naïve with upfront surgery (UpS). In the study population (n = 100), IM expression (H-scores for objective response vs. no response vs. UpS = 104 vs. 152 vs. 163, p = 0.01) and MM-MUC5AC detection rates (56% vs. 63% vs. 82%, p = 0.02) were significantly different. In the NAT group, MM-MUC5AC-negative patients had significantly better PFS according to the MVA (Hazard Ratio: 0.2, 95% CI: 0.059–0.766, p = 0.01). Similar results were noted in a FOLFIRINOX sub-group (n = 36). We established an association of MUC5AC expression with treatment response and outcomes.
Systematic Investigation of Aluminum Stress-Related Genes and Their Critical Roles in Plants
Authors: Fang Chaowei , Wu Jiajing , Liang Weihong
Published: August 2024

Aluminum (Al) stress is a dominant obstacle for plant growth in acidic soil, which accounts for approximately 40–50% of the world’s potential arable land. The identification and characterization of Al stress response (Al-SR) genes in Arabidopsis, rice, and other plants have deepened our understanding of Al’s molecular mechanisms. However, as a crop sensitive to acidic soil, only eight Al-SR genes have been identified and functionally characterized in maize. In this review, we summarize the Al-SR genes in plants, including their classifications, subcellular localizations, expression organs, functions, and primarily molecular regulatory networks. Moreover, we predict 166 putative Al-SR genes in maize based on orthologue analyses, facilitating a comprehensive understanding of the impact of Al stress on maize growth and development. Finally, we highlight the potential applications of alleviating Al toxicity in crop production. This review deepens our understanding of the Al response in plants and provides a blueprint for alleviating Al toxicity in crop production.
Advances in Cholinesterase Inhibitor Research—An Overview of Preclinical Studies of Selected Organoruthenium(II) Complexes
Authors: Žužek Monika C.
Published: August 2024

Cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors are crucial therapeutic agents for the symptomatic treatment of certain chronic neurodegenerative diseases linked to functional disorders of the cholinergic system. Significant research efforts have been made to develop novel derivatives of classical ChE inhibitors and ChE inhibitors with novel scaffolds. Over the past decade, ruthenium complexes have emerged as promising novel therapeutic alternatives for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Our research group has investigated a number of newly synthesized organoruthenium(II) complexes for their inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Three complexes (C1a, C1-C, and C1) inhibit ChE in a pharmacologically relevant range. C1a reversibly inhibits AChE and BChE without undesirable peripheral effects, making it a promising candidate for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. C1-Cl complex reversibly and competitively inhibits ChEs, particularly AChE. It inhibits nerve-evoked skeletal muscle twitch and tetanic contraction in a concentration-dependent manner with no effect on directly elicited twitch and tetanic contraction and is promising for further preclinical studies as a competitive neuromuscular blocking agent. C1 is a selective, competitive, and reversible inhibitor of BChE that inhibits horse serum BChE (hsBChE) without significant effect on the peripheral neuromuscular system and is a highly species-specific inhibitor of hsBChE that could serve as a species-specific drug target. This research contributes to the expanding knowledge of ChE inhibitors based on ruthenium complexes and highlights their potential as promising therapeutic candidates for chronic neurodegenerative diseases.
The Phenomenon of Thrombotic Microangiopathy in Cancer Patients
Authors: Vorobev Alexander , Bitsadze Victoria , Yagubova Fidan , Khizroeva Jamilya , Solopova Antonina , Tretyakova Maria , Gashimova Nilufar , Grigoreva Kristina , Einullaeva Sabina , Drozhzhina Maria , Hajiyeva Aygun , Khalilulina Emilia , Cherepanov Alexander , Kapanadze Daredzhan , Egorova Elena , Kuneshko Nart , Gris Jean-Christophe , Elalamy Ismail , Ay Cihan , Makatsariya Alexander
Published: August 2024

Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) encompasses a range of disorders characterized by blood clotting in small blood vessels, leading to organ damage. It can manifest as various syndromes, including thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS), and others, each with distinct causes and pathophysiology. Thrombo-inflammation plays a significant role in TMA pathogenesis: inflammatory mediators induce endothelial injury and activation of platelet and coagulation cascade, contributing to microvascular thrombosis. Primary TMA, such as TTP, is primarily caused by deficient ADAMTS13 metalloproteinase activity, either due to antibody-mediated inhibition or intrinsic enzyme synthesis defects. In cancer patients, a significant reduction in ADAMTS13 levels and a corresponding increase in VWF levels is observed. Chemotherapy further decreased ADAMTS13 levels and increased VWF levels, leading to an elevated VWF/ADAMTS13 ratio and increased thrombotic risk. Drug-induced TMA (DITMA) can result from immune-mediated or non-immune-mediated mechanisms. Severe cases of COVID-19 may lead to a convergence of syndromes, including disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), and TMA. Treatment of TMA involves identifying the underlying cause, implementing therapies to inhibit complement activation, and providing supportive care to manage complications. Plasmapheresis may be beneficial in conditions like TTP. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent serious complications and improve outcomes.
Genomic Insights into Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis through Whole-Exome Sequencing: A Case Report of Eight Patients
Authors: Ong Seeu Si , Ho Peh Joo , Khng Alexis Jiaying , Tan Benita Kiat Tee , Tan Qing Ting , Tan Ern Yu , Tan Su-Ming , Putti Thomas Choudary , Lim Swee Ho , Tang Ee Ling Serene , Li Jingmei , Hartman Mikael
Published: August 2024

Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a rare condition characterised by chronic inflammation and granuloma formation in the breast. The aetiology of IGM is unclear. By focusing on the protein-coding regions of the genome, where most disease-related mutations often occur, whole-exome sequencing (WES) is a powerful approach for investigating rare and complex conditions, like IGM. We report WES results on paired blood and tissue samples from eight IGM patients. Samples were processed using standard genomic protocols. Somatic variants were called with two analytical pipelines: nf-core/sarek with Strelka2 and GATK4 with Mutect2. Our WES study of eight patients did not find evidence supporting a clear genetic component. The discrepancies between variant calling algorithms, along with the considerable genetic heterogeneity observed amongst the eight IGM cases, indicate that common genetic drivers are not readily identifiable. With only three genes, CHIT1, CEP170, and CTR9, recurrently altering in multiple cases, the genetic basis of IGM remains uncertain. The absence of validation for somatic variants by Sanger sequencing raises further questions about the role of genetic mutations in the disease. Other potential contributors to the disease should be explored.
tRF-Gly-GCC in Atretic Follicles Promotes Ferroptosis in Granulosa Cells by Down-Regulating MAPK1
Authors: Pan Yuheng , Gan Mailin , Wu Shuang , He Yuxu , Feng Jinkang , Jing Yunhong , Li Jiaxin , Chen Qian , Tong Jiang , Kang Lingfan , Chen Lei , Zhao Ye , Niu Lili , Zhang Shunhua , Wang Yan , Zhu Li , Shen Linyuan
Published: August 2024

Follicle development refers to the process in which the follicles in the ovary gradually develop from the primary stage to a mature state, and most primary follicles fail to develop normally, without forming a dense granular cell layer and cell wall, which is identified as atretic follicles. Granulosa cells assist follicle development by producing hormones and providing support, and interference in the interaction between granulosa cells and oocytes may lead to the formation of atretic follicles. Ferroptosis, as a non-apoptotic form of death, is caused by cells accumulating lethal levels of iron-dependent phospholipid peroxides. Healthy follicles ranging from 4 to 5 mm were randomly divided into two groups: a control group (DMSO) and treatment group (10 uM of ferroptosis inducer erastin). Each group was sequenced after three repeated cultures for 24 h. We found that ferroptosis was associated with atretic follicles and that the in vitro treatment of healthy follicles with the ferroptosis inducer erastin produced a phenotype similar to that of atretic follicles. Overall, our study elucidates that tRF-1:30-Gly-GCC-2 is involved in the apoptosis and ferroptosis of GCs. Mechanistically, tRF-1:30-Gly-GCC-2 inhibits granulosa cell proliferation and promotes ferroptosis by inhibiting Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1). tRF-1:30-Gly-GCC-2 may be a novel molecular target for improving the development of atretic follicles in ovarian dysfunction. In conclusion, our study provides a new perspective on the pathogenesis of granulosa cell dysfunction and follicular atresia.
Oligonucleotide Therapies for Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy: Current Preclinical Landscape
Authors: Beck Samuel L. , Yokota Toshifumi
Published: August 2024

Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is an inherited myopathy, characterized by progressive and asymmetric muscle atrophy, primarily affecting muscles of the face, shoulder girdle, and upper arms before affecting muscles of the lower extremities with age and greater disease severity. FSHD is a disabling condition, and patients may also present with various extramuscular symptoms. FSHD is caused by the aberrant expression of double homeobox 4 (DUX4) in skeletal muscle, arising from compromised epigenetic repression of the D4Z4 array. DUX4 encodes the DUX4 protein, a transcription factor that activates myotoxic gene programs to produce the FSHD pathology. Therefore, sequence-specific oligonucleotides aimed at reducing DUX4 levels in patients is a compelling therapeutic approach, and one that has received considerable research interest over the last decade. This review aims to describe the current preclinical landscape of oligonucleotide therapies for FSHD. This includes outlining the mechanism of action of each therapy and summarizing the preclinical results obtained regarding their efficacy in cellular and/or murine disease models. The scope of this review is limited to oligonucleotide-based therapies that inhibit the DUX4 gene, mRNA, or protein in a way that does not involve gene editing.