bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving the Safety of Admitted Patients with Alcohol Use Disorder and Withdrawal
Authors: Korson Clayton , Nappe Thomas
Published: March 2023

The aim of this chapter is to review the pathophysiology of alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS), discuss diagnostic strategies, identify clinical manifestations, outline appropriate management options, and address key patient safety considerations specifically as it applies to the hospitalized patient. Ethanol use causes substantial morbidity and mortality and is among the most widely abused substances in the world. Up to 40% of all hospitalized patients are at risk for suffering from alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS). AWS is a hyperdynamic syndrome with symptoms that can include anxiety, insomnia, tachycardia, hypertension, tremor, nausea, vomiting, seizures, coma, disability, and death. Several screening tools can help identify patients with alcohol use disorder and those at risk for AWS. Symptom based scoring systems, such as the Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol (CIWA) or Severity of Ethanol Withdrawal Score (SEWS) score, are also available for guiding treatment. Treatment options should primarily consist of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) agonists, including benzodiazepines and barbiturate (mainly phenobarbital) medications, however other adjunctive therapies are also available. The most important patient safety principles for the hospitalized patient with AWS include early assessment, identification, and intervention, treatment of associated medical and psychiatric complications, as well as a comprehensive multi-disciplinary approach.
Chlamydia Infection from Androgical Perspective
Authors: Duman Ibrahim
Published: March 2023

Chlamydia trachomatis is a microorganism known for years to cause ocular, urogenital, and neonatal infections in humans. It usually causes urogenital system infections. The pathogen, which is the most common cause of urethritis in males, is one of the sexually transmitted microorganisms. As most males are asymptomatic, they do not realize they are infected and act as reservoirs. This causes the incidence of urethritis due to chlamydia to increase day by day. Chlamydia urethritis, which poses a risk to sexual partners, can cause serious complications if left untreated. In this section, we assess the approach to male urethritis due to chlamydia, which is very common in urology practice and can cause serious problems if left untreated.
Role of Drug Repurposing in Cancer Treatment and Liposomal Approach of Drug Targeting
Authors: T. Galatage Sunil , S. Manjappa Arehalli , R. Waghmode Raghwendra , S. Harale Swapnil , B. Katkar Rushikesh , A. Desai Sujit , S. Chopade Swapnil , S. Bille Kranti , U. Watangi Rubina , N. Kalebere Shweta , S. Hebalkar Aditya , V. Dhobale Shradhey , N. Gunjate Harshada , R. Dhenge Poonam , S. Ikke Purva , A. Shaikh Saheblal , J. Patil Rutuja , B. Shinde Sakshi , V. Khatavakar Rutuja , B. Patil Anuja , N. Khatavakar Prajakta , S. Hegaje Sourabh , G. Killedar Suresh
Published: March 2023

Cancer is the leading cause of death, and incidences are increasing significantly and patients suffering from it desperately need a complete cure from it. The science of using an already-invented drug that has been approved by the FDA for a new application is known as “drug repurposing.” Currently, scientists are drawn to drug repositioning science in order to investigate existing drugs for newer therapeutic uses and cancer treatment. Because of their unique ability to target cancer cells, recently repurposed drugs and the liposomal approach are effective in the treatment of cancer. Liposomes are nanovesicles that are drastically flexible, rapidly penetrate deeper layers of cells, and enhance intracellular uptake. More importantly, liposomes are biocompatible, biodegradable; entrap both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs. This chapter summarizes various approaches to drug repurposing, as well as drug repurposing methods, advantages and limitations of drug repurposing, and a liposomal approach to using repurposed drugs in cancer targeting. This chapter also summarizes liposomal structure, drug loading, and the mechanism of liposomes in targeted cancer treatment. The lipid-based liposomal approach is emerging as a powerful technique for improving drug solubility, bioavailability, reducing side effects, and improving the therapeutic efficacy of repurposed drugs for cancer treatment.
Feeding Diversity of Finfish in Different Wild Habitat
Authors: Us Saher Noor , M. Niazi Raoof , Hussain Narejo Altaf , Hawa Noor , Hameed Baloch Abdul , Tabish Muhammed , ul Ain Mussarat , Razi Faiqa , Aziz Qureshi Naureen
Published: March 2023

Sonmiani Bay has unique faunal diversity and distribution especially finfish as mangroves provides an imperative ecosystem which offer the shelter and protection to the associated organisms and care of their juveniles in bay limits. This study aimed to evaluate the diversity pattern according to physical and physiological responses and feeding habits (carnivorous and herbivorous) of finfish species in accordance with current habitat conditions in the Sonmiani Bay. A total of 4499, individuals of comprising 155 finfish species that represent 50 families were captured by these four (beach seines, purse seines, gill nets, and cast nets) nets during a twelve-month survey in a year. The distribution pattern of finfishes captured classified into four groups (tidal visitors, permanent residents, partial residents, and seasonal visitors) according to their patterns of distribution. Understanding of the true feeding behavior of organisms needs a more reliable and functional approach. The feeding ecology is not only functional for food and feeding behavior of fish as usually described by various tools and techniques of analytical research to take up more reliable details to explain the feeding biology in fish but also the indicator of habitat quality and status.
Model of an Artificial Blastula for Assessing Development Toxicity
Authors: Muzika František , Górecki Jerzy
Published: March 2023

We are concerned with computer simulations of a ring of 20 coupled CSTRs with glycolytic oscillatory reaction. Each CSTR represents an artificial cell, and the ring can be regarded as an artificial blastula. The cells are coupled to two adjacent CSTRs via the mass exchange of reagents. The glycolytic oscillatory reaction is simulated using the two-variable core model. Our work is focused on the classification of stationary discrete nonuniform concentration patterns (discrete Turing patterns). The control parameters in simulations are autocatalytic and inhibition rate coefficients, as well as the transport rate coefficients. We performed the analysis of stability and bifurcations of stationary states to identify the stationary states. The inflow of reagents into each CSTR was used to initiate a particular pattern. We propose a method to assess the morphogenetic toxicity of any chemical from a database by switching between patterns or between patterns and oscillations. Moreover, we investigated nonuniform patterns that create discrete concentration waves inside the ring of 20 coupled cells, which can trigger gastrulation.
Photic Stress and Rhythmic Physiological Processes: Roles of Selenium as a Chronobiotic
Authors: Awosika Ayoola , J. Adeniyi Mayowa , K. Okojie Akhabue , Okeke Cynthia
Published: March 2023

Physiological processes exhibit distinct rhythmic patterns influenced by external cues. External cues such as photic signal play an important role in the synchronization of physiological rhythms. However, excess of or indiscriminate exposure to photic signals exerts profound effects on physiological processes, disrupting normal hormonal secretory rhythms, altering sleep/wakefulness cycle, and impairing reproductive function. Alteration in sleep/wakefulness cycle, impairment in reproductive cycle, and disruption of normal hormonal secretory rhythms characterize risk groups for photic stress such as night workers, trans-meridian travelers, and night-active people. Evidence from primary studies is increasing on the tendency of selenium to reset internal biorhythms by targeting circadian proteins and melatonin. The review highlights the chronobiological roles of selenium.
Physiological and Physical Effects of Sleep Disorder among Shift Work Nurses
Authors: Rahimpoor Razzagh
Published: March 2023

Poor sleep quality as one of the mental problems caused by shift working can lead to psychological disorders (i.e., depression; adult attention deficit; memory, cognitive, and performance deficit; reduced job satisfaction, quality of life, and sex drive; and mood change) and physiological disorders (immune system, obesity, cardiovascular risks, hormone imbalance, fertility, and aging). The main scope of the proposed chapter is to describe the various dimensions of psychological and physiological disorders caused by poor sleep quality among shift-working nurses. Also, educational programs will be described for early detection of physiological and psychological symptoms of poor-quality sleep and improvement of sleep quality among shift-working nurses.
Skin Blister Formation and Subepidermal Bullous Disorders
Authors: Taş Aygar Gamze , Gönül Müzeyyen
Published: March 2023

Blistering diseases comprise a large group of clinically polymorphic and sometimes devastating diseases. Blistering diseases are evaluated according to the level of the blister, the mechanism of blister formation and the type of inflammation. There are many connections in the normal structure of the skin that hold the cells together. These connections both hold the cells in the epidermis together and ensure that these cells attach to the basement membrane. As a result of damage to these connections by genetic, immune, infectious or physical reasons, intercellular connections are broken and blistering developments due to the accumulation of extracellular fluid in the intercellular spaces. Autoimmune bullous diseases are classified according to the decomposition site of the epidermis. While the pemphigus group is used to classify diseases with intraepidermal separation, the pemphigoid group diseases are used to classify diseases with subepidermal separation. In this section, pemphigoid group diseases, such as bullous pemphigoid, mucous membrane pemphigoid, acquired epidermolysis bullosa, linear IgA bullous dermatosis, and anti-p200 pemphigoid, will be explained with a brief introduction to blistering diseases of the skin.
New Remote Sensing Technologies Applied to the Prediction of Spontaneous Forest Fires
Authors: Ramírez-Juidías Emilio , José Cabello-Franco Emilio
Published: March 2023

One of the causes of a forest fire is a combination of environmental variables such as temperature and relative humidity, as well as wind speed. When environmental conditions are favorable, chemical reactions occur at the forest mass level, resulting in pre-ignition. A big-data analysis of three spontaneous forest fires that occurred in Spain between 2015 and 2019 was performed to determine the chemical compound from which the forest fire starts. After analyzing satellite data, it was discovered that the critical temperature at which a fire starts spontaneously is 51.27°C, a value that coincides with the maximum limit of decrease in environmental sulfur dioxide concentration ([SO2]), presumably due to sulfur capture by part of the wood, an element that is released into the environment after the fire occurs. The Spontaneous Forest Fire Process (SFFP) and fAPAR have a close relationship because pre-ignition occurs when the critical temperature determined by environmental conditions is reached.
Replacement Selenium Therapy in Acute Cerebral Damage
Authors: Alexandrovna Savvina Irina , Salimbekovna Nucalova Hasaybat , Olegovna Petrova Anna , M. Bykova Kristina , Varlamovna Tkebuchava Irina
Published: March 2023

The current literature covers the role of selenium in metabolic processes and the importance of correcting its level in various diseases and critical conditions, including acute cerebral damage due to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE). Numerous experimental animal studies have demonstrated that selenium has protective properties and blocks the mechanisms of apoptosis, and is involved in maintaining the functional activity of neurons and inhibits astrogliosis. The study of the selenium content in the blood of patients with acute cerebral damage due to severe TBI and sepsis with verified SAE, and the development of schemes of replacement selenium therapy will improve outcomes, both in increasing survival and in reducing the resuscitation bed-day and the number of neurological deficits in the future.
Pathology of Malaria
Authors: Paolo Piccaluga Pier , Ignatius Wanyonyi
Published: March 2023

Malaria is an acute febrile illness that is caused by infection with Plasmodium spp. parasites. Malaria is a serious illness and sometimes it may be fatal resulting in mortality and morbidity. The clinical picture painted in patients with malarial infection occurs following the release of the merozoites into the bloodstream following the rupture of infected red cells. In the infection with the P. falciparum, the commonest form affecting humans, all stages of red cells are infected making the infection quite severe as compared to infection with other species which infects the old and young red cells only which contributes to a small percentage of red cells. In this chapter, the Authors review the current knowledge about Malaria epidemiology, pathogenesis and anatomic pathology. The diverse clinical pictures as well as the association with genetic conditions and diseases are discussed.
Economic Factors of Risk to National Security
Authors: Głowacki Piotr
Published: March 2023

The article discusses the conceptualisation of fundamental concepts referring to interdependence between security and the economy. The concept of economic security that is dominant in Polish literature on the subject is in most cases identified with macroeconomic disequilibrium and instability. This makes it primarily an economic category. Hence the need to develop a catalogue of risks that are more extensively and comprehensively associated with national security. The article outlines two approaches to these issues. The sectoral approach delineates subcategories of security by industries and sectors of the economy (e.g. energy security). The problem approach singles out individual risk factors understood as mechanisms and phenomena carrying threats to the critical processes in the state. Basing on the problem approach, a catalogue of economic risk factors has been proposed: ownership structure, access to sensitive information and espionage, dependency on key raw materials, dependency on suppliers, state interventionism, corruption and fraud, social and economic instability, dependency on external decision-making centres, difficulties with financing security structures, and immigration.
PEMANFAATAN TEPUNG AMPAS KELAPA SEBAGAI SUBSTITUSI PEMBUATAN BOLU KERING
Authors: Salindri
Published: March 2023

Processed coconut pulp, which is made into flour with rich fiber, can be used as a substitute for flour in the manufacture of dry sponge cakes. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of preference (taste, color, texture, and aroma) for each substitution of coconut dregs in processed food, namely dry sponge cake. The process of making coconut dregs flour was dried in an oven at 70 °C, mashed, and then used as a substitute for wheat flour in processed dry cakes with substitutions of 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, and 40%. The treatment used was the addition of coconut pulp flour and wheat flour with a ratio of F1 (20% : 80%), F2 (25% : 75%), F3 (30% : 70%), F4 (35% : 65%), and F5 (40% : 60%), then analyzed for fiber content. The results of the data obtained were then analyzed using the SPSS program by testing for normality and correlation tests on the parameters of fiber content with the parameters of taste, color, texture, and aroma, and tabulated in the form of tables, residual plots, contour plots, and radar. The results of the identification of the preference level of dry sponge cake with coconut dregs flour substitution were more dominated by F1 treatment (20% coconut dregs:80% wheat flour). The fiber content in the dry sponge cake using coconut dregs flour substitution ranged from 7.01% to 11.71%. In addition, the correlation results obtained between the fiber content and the results of the preference level test indicate that the relationship between parameters has a relationship or correlation. The identification results from this study showed that the variation in coconut dreg flour substitution in the manufacture of the dry cake was greater in product samples F1 (taste, color, and texture) and F5 (aroma).
FORMULASI DAN EVALUASI MUTU SABUN PADAT DENGAN PENAMBAHAN EKSTRAK SERAI, DAUN SENGGANI, DAN KULIT JERUK SIAM
Authors: Ramadhani Dinda
Published: March 2023

Solid soap is a type of solid soap with the addition of lemongrass extract, senggani leaves and Siamese orange peel which is expected to increase the benefits of solid soap. The purpose of this study was to determine the process and formulation of making solid soap using the addition of lemongrass extract, senggani leaves and siam orange peel on the characteristics of soap. The research method used in this study is an experimental design study method using ANOVA. The treatment in this study was with the addition of 70grams: 30grams of senggani leaves (SS1), 60grams of lemongrass: 40grams of senggani leaves (SS2), 50grams of lemongrass: 50grams of senggani leaves (SS3), 70grams of lemongrass:30grams of Siamese orange peel (SS4), 60grams of lemongrass. :40gram Siamese orange peel (SS5), 50gram lemongrass :50gram Siamese orange peel (SS6). Parameters observed were water content test, vitamin C content, acidity pH. The results of the water content test are 17.51%, vitamin C content is 6.68%, the pH value is in accordance with SNI 3532-2016 with a pH value of 8-11, the organoleptic results of solid soap are on the parameters of color, aroma and texture with each the mean level of liking (6.2), (5,7), and (5,7).
Assessing effects of a data quality strengthening campaign on completeness of key fields in facility-based maternity registers in Kenya and Uganda
Authors: MERAI RIKITA , KEATING RYAN , MUBIRI PAUL , KAJJO DARIOUS , OTARE CHRISTOPHER , MUGUME DAVID , WEISSGLAS FITTI , WAISWA PETER , OTIENO PHELGONA , KIRUMBI LEAH , WANYORO ANTHONY , NAMAZZI GERTRUDE , ACHOLA KEVIN , MYRICK ROGER , BUTRICK ELIZABETH , WALKER DILYS
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND

Little is known about the accuracy of facility-based birth registry data for routine monitoring of birth outcomes. This report details the results of a data quality strengthening intervention aimed at improving completeness of birth registry data in Kenya and Uganda, as part of a package of interventions in an implementation science trial under the East Africa Preterm Birth Initiative.

METHODS

The intervention aimed to improve completeness of key intrapartum and post-partum data, including gestational age, birthweight, and newborn outcomes. We conducted data strengthening activities in 23 facilities in Uganda and Kenya. To test the effects of these interventions on completion of key variables, we compared completion rates at various time points.

RESULTS

In Uganda, the completion rate of all four fields of interest increased by 13% (95% CI: 10, 17) with the introduction of data quality training and mentoring. Documentation of the status of infant at discharge and gestational age increased by 12% (95% CI: 9, 14) and 22.3% (95% CI: 19, 17), respectively; while that of birthweight had a marginal increase of 3.2% (95% CI: 1, 5) and Apgar at 1 minute showed no significant change. In Kenya, there was no significant change in completion for most fields.

CONCLUSION

This study suggests that the data strengthening campaign had mixed effects on completion of facility-based maternity register fields and may be country specific. Given emerging international priorities around maternal and neonatal health, utilizing facility-based routine data sources will be key to ensuring sustainable monitoring and evaluation of interventions and outcomes.
The impact and mechanism of the relaxation of fertility policy on income distribution: Evidence from China's Selective Two Children Policy
Authors: Huang Qian , Fang Shoulin , Wang Dongmei , Sun Weiheng , Zhou Youcheng , Lu Feiling
Published: March 2023

Numerous studies have explored the impact of family planning policies on income distribution, but the impact of policy relaxation remains largely unexplored. To address this gap, we investigate the effects of China's selective two-child policy, which was implemented in 2013, using provincial panel data from 2011 to 2016. Specifically, we employ a generalized difference-in-differences model to empirically analyze the impact and mechanism of the policy relaxation on residents' income distribution. Our findings are as follows. Firstly, the selective two-child policy has narrowed the income distribution gap. Secondly, male labor force participation, the urban-rural income gap, and disposable income serve as mechanisms through which the selective two-child policy affects income distribution. Thirdly, the robustness test confirms the robustness of our conclusions. Finally, we observe regional heterogeneity in the impact of the selective two-child policy on residents' income distribution. Specifically, the policy has had significant effects in the western and northeastern regions, but not in other regions. Overall, our results shed light on the impact of childbearing policies on income distribution, providing important insights for optimizing China's childbearing policies and promoting common prosperity.
KÂNÎ’Yİ KENDİ MEKTUBU VE ŞERHİ İLE ANLAMAK “OCAK BĀZERGĀNINA YAZDUKLARI MEKTŪB-I LETĀ’İF-ÜSLŪB"
Authors: ALP Gökhan
Published: March 2023

Çok sayıda metin örneğini muhtevi Münşe’ât-ı Kânî, inşa sahasında alışılmış örnekler dışında pek çok hususiyeti ile müstesna bir ismin ifadesine dönüşmüştür. Nevi şahsına münhasır bu ismin ifade ve üslubundaki “pür-tumturak” ve “hoş-edâ”, hezel ve mizah ile pek de aşina olmadığımız bir sanat telakkisi doğurmuştur. Doğal bir eda ile kaleme aldığı inşa metinlerini son derece ince bir anlayış ile ören Kânî’nin estetik nesir içerisinde tutarlı ve bütünlüklü bir biçimde ortaya koyduğu söz varlığı, kimi zaman nükteli zarif bir ton ile belirirken kimi zaman hiciv ve mizah ile sivrilmiştir. Kânî’nin kendi kaleminden şerh edilen “Ocak Bâzergânına” yazılan mektup farklı özellikleri haiz onlarca metin suretinden sadece biridir. Bizzat müellifin kendi görüş ve değerlendirmeleri ile okuyucuyu sevk ve idaresi, söz konusu metinde alışılmış kalıplar dışında bir sanat anlayışını ortaya koymuştur. Bu manada hiciv ve mizahın fikir ve mana ciheti ile ustalıkla kaleme alındığı mevcut mektup ve şerhi, eleştiri anlayışının farklı amaç ve yöntemler ile tahriri noktasında çalışmamızın muhteviyatını oluşturmuştur.
Kesuburan Tanaman dengan Mengunakan Urine Kelinci dengan Penambahaan Air Kelapa dan Pribiotik Em 4 dengan Minuman Yakult dengan Cara Fermentasi
Authors: Irawan Surya , Tampubolon Khairuddin , Karim Ahmad , Musri S M. Ali , Suhelmi Suhelmi , Sitepu Elisabeth
Published: March 2023

Penyuluhan Pengabdian Masyarakat warga Di desa sei rotan Rt 2 dan Rw 1 kecamatan percut sei tuan kabupaten deli serdang.bertujuan mempercepat pencapaian program peningkatan keterampilan melalui kegiatan perbanyakan pembuatan pupuk cair (POC)dan meningkatkan kualitas SDM dalam perbanyakan tanaman hias khusus bagi pemula sebagai wahana pelaksanaan tri dharma perguruan tinggi. Pengaruh air kencing kelinci dan air kelapa serta untuk mengetahui manfaat penambahan air kelapa muda terhadap kualitas pupuk cair dari urin kelinci terhadap kualitas fisik, kimia, biologis, dan mikrobiologis. Pembuatan pupuk cair organik dilakukan secara anaerob dengan perlakukan yaitu pupuk cair urin kelinci penambahan air kelapa 20% dan penambahan air kelapa 20%. Lalu diperlakuan difermentasi selama 14 hari. Setelah difermentasi dilakukan uji kualitas fisik yang meliputi uji suhu, pH, warna, dan bau. Uji kualitas kimia meliputi kadar N total, C-organik, K total, dan P total. Uji biologis menggunakan tanaman sawi kemudian dilakukan pemberian pupuk cair setiap hari selama 28 hari diamati tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, panjang daun, lebar daun, panjang akar, dan berat akhir. Dilanjutkan dengan uji mikrobiologis untuk mengetahui jumlah koloni bakteri.. Apabila data yang dihasilkan pada penelitian ini berbeda nyata P0,05 maka akan dilakukan uji Duncan Multiple Range Test. Uji kimia yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa N, C dan K urin yang diberi air kelapa 20% memiliki kualitas yang paling baik. Pengaruh perbedaan urin menunjukkan urin marmut memiliki kualitas kimia yang lebih baik. Uji biologis menunjukkan hasil yang cenderung tidak berbeda nyata kecuali untuk panjang daun dan panjang akar yang menunjukkan perbedaan nyata. Pengaruh perbedaan urin menunjukkan bahwa urin kelinci memiliki kualitas yang lebih baik. Uji mikrobiologi menunjukkan bahwa pupuk cair dengan panambahan air kelapa 20% memiliki jumlah koloni yang paling banyak. Berdasarkan urin yang digunakan tidak menunjukkan perbedaan nyata jumlah koloni pupuk cair urin kelinci.Kata Kunci : Urin kelinci, Em4, Air kelapa, Yakult.
Critical Focus | The Cell Knows Who You Are
Authors: Ford Brian J.
Published: March 2023

Can we alter our sexuality with a knife and a few chemicals? A sectioned rat fetus reminds us how we all truly began: as multicellular organisms with their own hard-wired identity. My favorite slide is a rat fetus I sectioned as a student. This is such a revealing preparation. Everyone likes it — and everybody (absolutely everybody) points out its penis. The penis indicates at once that this is a male fetus — or at least, it did until recently. Now, transsexuals who are women but are desperate to be men, can have one created by a surgeon. Or can they? Of course not. You can no more fashion a fully functioning penis out of tissue than you can make a line-caught cod out of a tall tub of taramasalata. Men invading a women’s racetrack or the privacy of their changing room are ineradicably men, no matter what tablets they take. It is the microscope which proves the point.
Evaluation of Three Low-Cost Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Sensors for Ambient and High Exposure Conditions in Arba Minch, Ethiopia
Authors: Dingemanse Johannes Dirk
Published: March 2023

The burden of disease from ambient and indoor air pollution is highest in low-income countries, while their resources for monitoring air pollutants are the lowest. PM2.5 is the primary indicator of air pollution. Reference monitors of PM2.5 are expensive, but there is an increased use of low-cost sensors (LCS). Three LCS, the UCB-PATS+ (PATS), Airvisual Pro (IQAV) and Sensirion SPS30 (SPSA) are being used in Arba Minch, Ethiopia, but their quality has not yet been evaluated under circumstances common to low-income countries, and the variety of metrics used in evaluation studies make comparisons difficult. This study aims to evaluate the three LCS under circumstances encountered in Arba Minch, with metrics commonly used and officially prescribed. Measurements were conducted with the LCS at 2 ambient and 4 high exposure (kitchen) concentrations, and at four of those locations with the gravimetric reference method as well. The quality of the three LCS was evaluated within identical, with reference, and between different types, with commonly reported (regression slope and R2) and officially prescribed (Pearson correlation, bias, accuracy, expanded uncertainty) metrics. The SPSA has low within variation in both ambient and high-exposure situations, meets official requirements compared to the reference, and shows a stable bias across different time and concentration levels. The IQAV and PATS within variations are not up to official standards but show strong linear associations. The IQAVs as a group, and PATSs individually, meet official reference requirements at daily level. Between comparison reveals that all LCS show strong linear associations even at 10-minute average level. For SPSA the association is similar across all ranges, and for the others the association is strong when different ranges are taken into account. Generally, all LCS are a good alternative for expensive reference methods. The strong linear associations suggest the possibility of correcting LCS measurement data based on other studies’ results and based on other LCS, across different concentration ranges. Projects with a budget of $600 can already supply 10 measurement locations. Higher-budget projects can contribute to the quality of low-budget projects when they do not only use expensive monitors, but also LCS at the same location.
The Effect of deficit irrigation on Onion yield and water use efficiency: Concerning moisture stress areas of Arba Minch, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Gelu Gezimu , Habtewold Markos , Bergene Abebaw
Published: March 2023

To cope with scarce water supply, deficit irrigation is an important tool to achieve the goal of reducing irrigation water use and increasing water use efficiency (WUE) under scarce water resources. This experiment was conducted for the last three years (2018-2020)in Chano Mille Kebelle near Arba Minch to examine the level of deficit irrigation which allows the maximum yield of onion, WUE and economic return without significantly reducing the yield of onion. Randomized Complete Block Design was used to run the experiment with four Replications. The experiment comprised different levels of deficit irrigation treatment: 100% of ETc, 85% of ETc, 75% of ETc and 50% of ETc. Analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference among treatments in terms of marketable yield,total yield, and WUE in three consecutive years. 100% of ETc gave the maximum marketable and total yield and WUE which was followed by 85% of ETc. Additionally, the combined analysis of the mean showed that the highest marketable yield 24.97ton ha-1 and a total yield of 28.63 ton ha-1 was observed from100% of ETc and followed by 22.13 ton ha-1of marketable yield and 26.86 ton ha-1of total yield from 85% of Etc without significant variation. The highestcombined WUE of 4.445kg m-3 resulted from 50% of ETc compared to the other levels of deficit irrigation (3.12 kg m-3 , 3.02 kg m-3, 4.27 kg m-3) from 100%, 85% and 70%, respectively. Given economic return, 100% of ETc yielded the highest net benefit of 208008 Birr/ha and followed by 198558 Birr/ha observed from 85% of ETc without significant economic return. The minimum (123858 Birr/ha gained from 50% of ETc. Based on these findings, 85% of ETc of deficit irrigation under moisture stress areas of Arba Minch should be applied to save water, and increase economic return and command area.
ORTA ÇAĞ AVRUPA'SINDA İNSAN HAKLARI
Authors: ÖZMEN Seda
Published: March 2023

İnsan hakları, insanın sadece insan olduğu için sahip olduğu haklar olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Ancak insanlık tarihi boyuca çoğunluğu sömüren küçük bir azınlığın müdahalesiyle tüm bireylerin bu haklara eşit derecede sahip olması engellenmiştir. Orta Çağ Avrupa’sı siyasi, sosyo-ekonomik ve dini yapısı itibariyle bu durumun en iyi gözlemlendiği dönemdir. Özellikle Orta Çağ’a hakim olan feodal sistem ve Kilise, Orta Çağ insanının en temel haklarına ulaşmasını engelleyen bir yapı üzerine kurulmuştur. Bu bakımdan insanın; tanrı, toplum yahut devletten bağımsız olarak evrensel insan haklarına kavuşması modern bir düşüncedir. Orta Çağ’ın kurumlarına karşı verilen mücadelenin bir sonucu olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Çalışma Orta Çağ Avrupa’sında insan haklarının durumunu değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Ancak dönemin genişliği ve insan hakları çerçevesinin net bir şeklide çizilememesi nedeniyle en görünür hak ihlallerine işaret etmekle yetinilmiştir. Modern insanın uzlaşısı (büyük oranda) sonucunda oluşturulan Evrensel İnsan Hakları Bildirgesi’nin tanımladığı insan hakları bağlamında örneklendirmelere yer verilmiştir. Buna göre; özgürlük ve eşitlik gibi temel hakların feodal sistemde, düşünce ve inanç özgürlüğünün ise Kilise kurumu karşısındaki durumu karşılaştırılarak değerlendirilmiştir.
INFLUENCE OF ECOLOGICAL CHANGES ON HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY TECHNOLOGIES
Authors:   Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Korneevets Valentin S. , Kandratskaya Daria R. ,   Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University
Published: March 2023

Currently, ecological management systems are an important prerequisite for successful functioning and competitiveness of accommodation facilities. The article discusses the best practices of hotel chains which consider ecological changes introduced into the technological processes of hotel enterprises, as well as the practices of eco-certification. The authors high­light some benefits, including economic ones, from the introduction of waste reduction and recycling programs in hotels. Green activities in the post-coronavirus period, due to growing demand for more environmentally friendly services, is seen as the one of primary importance. The article shares the analytical results of the Russian experience in hotel resource saving management. Waste disposal programs should be implemented in a comprehensive manner though environmental initiatives of hotel enterprises can be challenged by the absence of pro­cessing enterprises in the regions. It is concluded that green trends of accommodation facili­ties in the Russian and Kaliningrad hospitality sectors are not dynamic enough, which re­quires further enhancement of the regulatory and legal framework in the hospitality industry, including the introduction of eco-technologies.
CHANGES IN THE RECREATIONAL AND TOURIST LOAD ON THE ECO-SYSTEM IN THE CONDITIONS OF COVID-19
Authors:   Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Sukmanova Tatiana V. , Dizendorf Lidia O. ,   Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University
Published: March 2023

The tourism industry of the Kaliningrad region is one of the most dynamically develop­ing components of the regional economy. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, the region's tourist volume was formed mainly due to external tourist flows. With the onset of the pandemic, there was a fear of an increase in the crisis situation in the industry, caused by a sharp de­crease in the number of tourists visiting the region from other regions of Russia. The main purpose of the study was to analyze the dynamics of domestic tourism in the Kaliningrad region for the period from June to August 2020. It was found that despite the restrictions that arose during the COVID-19 pandemic, the domestic tourist flow has almost completely re­placed the external tourism. The main conclusion of the work is the unpreparedness of indi­vidual elements of the tourist infrastructure for a sharply increased flow of tourists. This, in turn, entails an increase in the anthropogenic load on natural ecosystems, which was shown by the example of the Curonian Spit National Park.
MACROPHYTES OF THE RUSSIAN PART OF THE KALININGRAD BAY / VISTULA LAGOON (BALTIC SEA BASIN)
Authors:   Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academia of Sciences, Gerb Marika A. , Zvereva Alexandra Yu. ,   Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Gorlach Anastasia A. ,   Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University
Published: March 2023

The authors study the modern composition of the macrophyte flora of the Kaliningrad Bay (The Russian part of the Vistula Lagoon), which includes 116 species: 96 species of vas­cular plants and 20 species of macroalgae. Only 39 species of macrophytes were found in 2021, i. e., 19 species of higher plants and 20 species of macroalgae. Depending on the abiotic factors in the four hydrological regions of the lagoon, the floristic diversity and distribution of macrophytes has its own characteristics. The maximum species diversity (29 species), as well as the biomass of macrophytes, are characteristic of the eastern region, characterized by mini­mal salinity values and a high level of nutrients.
La adopción ilegal y la gestación subrogada como finalidades del delito de trata de seres humanos
Authors: Pardo Miranda Marta
Published: March 2023

The regulation of the crime of trafficking in human beings from the LO 5/2010 by which the autonomous crime of trafficking in human beings was incorporated in article 177 bis of the Spanish Penal Code marked the beginning of a wide scientific production around the different levels of discussion that this precept has generated, not being so in a matter of vital importance such as the exploitation purposes referred to in the precept, one of the three fundamental elements in the configuration of the crime but deficient, in our opinion seem, because it leaves out, unlike the international instruments and the legal bodies of countries close to our legal-criminal regulation, behaviors such as child trafficking or reproductive exploitation through surrogacy, we analyze the convenience and opportunity of incorporating them as purposes of the crime of trafficking in human beings in order to comply with the international commitments acquired and reinforce the protection of children.

La regulación del delito de trata de seres humanos a partir de la LO 5/2010, por la que se incorporó el delito autónomo de trata de seres humanos en el artículo 177 bis del Código Penal español supuso el inicio de una amplia producción científica en torno a los diferentes niveles de discusión que este precepto ha generado, no siendo así en una cuestión de vital importancia como son las finalidades de explotación a las que se refiere el precepto, uno de los tres elementos fundamentales en la configuración del delito, pero deficiente a nuestro parecer, pues deja fuera, a diferencia de los instrumentos internacionales y los cuerpos legales de países cercanos a nuestra regulación jurídico-penal, conductas como el tráfico de menores o la explotación reproductiva a través de la gestación subrogada. Analizamos la conveniencia y oportunidad de incorporarlas como finalidades del delito de trata de seres humanos para así cumplir con los compromisos internacionales adquiridos y reforzar la protección de los menores.
EVALUACIÓN DE INCENDIOS EN ÁREAS PERIURBANAS DE LA CIUDAD DE CORRIENTES (ARGENTINA) DURANTE EL AÑO 2020
Authors: Smichowski Humberto , Montiel Maria del Rosario , Romero Veronica , Kowalewski Martín , Contreras Félix Ignacio
Published: March 2023

Prevention and early warning of risks related to climate variability are essential to minimize the manifestation of a certain risk. However, given the impossibility of preventing this from occurring, it is equally important to monitor the threat, both spatially and temporally. In this sense, extreme drought events in the northeastern region of Argentina during 2020, added to cultural practices and poor fire management, have generated significant sources of fires, affecting vast areas of the region. Given the above, the objective of the work is to measure and analyze the areas affected by the manifestation of fires in the periurban area of the city of Corrientes (Argentina), applying fire assessment tools with Google Earth Engine. It was possible to corroborate the veracity of the results while proposing a complimentary analysis methodology that allows obtaining information with greater precision.

La prevención y alerta temprana de los riesgos vinculados a la variabilidad climática, son fundamentales para reducir al máximo la manifestación de un determinado riesgo. No obstante, ante la imposibilidad de impedir que este ocurra, es de igual importancia realizar un seguimiento, tanto espacial como temporal de la amenaza. En este sentido, los eventos extremos de sequía en la región del nordeste argentino durante el año 2020, sumado a prácticas culturales y el mal manejo del fuego, han generado significativos focos de incendios, afectando vastas superficies de la región. Ante lo expuesto, el objetivo del trabajo es medir y analizar las zonas afectadas por la manifestación de incendios en el área periurbana de la ciudad de Corrientes (Argentina), aplicando herramientas de evaluación de incendios con Google Earth Engine. Se pudo corroborar la veracidad de los resultados, a la vez de proponer una metodología de análisis complementario que permita la obtención de información con mayor precisión.
Improved angelization technique against background knowledge attack for 1:M microdata
Authors: Fazal Rabeeha , Khan Razaullah , Anjum Adeel , Syed Madiha Haider , Khan Abid , Rehman Semeen
Published: March 2023

With the advent of modern information systems, sharing Electronic Health Records (EHRs) with different organizations for better medical treatment, and analysis is beneficial for both academic as well as for business development. However, an individual’s personal privacy is a big concern because of the trust issue across organizations. At the same time, the utility of the shared data that is required for its favorable use is also important. Studies show that plenty of conventional work is available where an individual has only one record in a dataset (1:1 dataset), which is not the case in many applications. In a more realistic form, an individual may have more than one record in a dataset (1:M). In this article, we highlight the high utility loss and inapplicability for the 1:M dataset of theθ-Sensitivek-Anonymity privacy model. The high utility loss and low data privacy of (p, l)-angelization, and (k, l)-diversity for the 1:M dataset. As a mitigation solution, we propose an improved (θ∗, k)-utility algorithm to preserve enhanced privacy and utility of the anonymized 1:M dataset. Experiments on the real-world dataset reveal that the proposed approach outperforms its counterpart, in terms of utility and privacy for the 1:M dataset.
Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Redfield Margaret M. , Borlaug Barry A.
Published: March 2023

Importance

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), defined as HF with an EF of 50% or higher at diagnosis, affects approximately 3 million people in the US and up to 32 million people worldwide. Patients with HFpEF are hospitalized approximately 1.4 times per year and have an annual mortality rate of approximately 15%.

Observations

Risk factors for HFpEF include older age, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity. Approximately 65% of patients with HFpEF present with dyspnea and physical examination, chest radiographic, echocardiographic, or invasive hemodynamic evidence of HF with overt congestion (volume overload) at rest. Approximately 35% of patients with HFpEF present with “unexplained” dyspnea on exertion, meaning they do not have clear physical, radiographic, or echocardiographic signs of HF. These patients have elevated atrial pressures with exercise as measured with invasive hemodynamic stress testing or estimated with Doppler echocardiography stress testing. In unselected patients presenting with unexplained dyspnea, the H2FPEF score incorporating clinical (age, hypertension, obesity, atrial fibrillation status) and resting Doppler echocardiographic (estimated pulmonary artery systolic pressure or left atrial pressure) variables can assist with diagnosis (H2FPEF score range, 0-9; score >5 indicates more than 95% probability of HFpEF). Specific causes of the clinical syndrome of HF with normal EF other than HFpEF should be identified and treated, such as valvular, infiltrative, or pericardial disease. First-line pharmacologic therapy consists of sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors, such as dapagliflozin or empagliflozin, which reduced HF hospitalization or cardiovascular death by approximately 20% compared with placebo in randomized clinical trials. Compared with usual care, exercise training and diet-induced weight loss produced clinically meaningful increases in functional capacity and quality of life in randomized clinical trials. Diuretics (typically loop diuretics, such as furosemide or torsemide) should be prescribed to patients with overt congestion to improve symptoms. Education in HF self-care (eg, adherence to medications and dietary restrictions, monitoring of symptoms and vital signs) can help avoid HF decompensation.

Conclusions and Relevance

Approximately 3 million people in the US have HFpEF. First-line therapy consists of sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors, exercise, HF self-care, loop diuretics as needed to maintain euvolemia, and weight loss for patients with obesity and HFpEF.
Association of Antenatal COVID-19–Related Stress With Postpartum Maternal Mental Health and Negative Affectivity in Infants
Authors: Schweizer Susanne , Andrews Jack L. , Grunewald Karina , Kumle Levi ,   COVID-19 Risks Across the Lifespan (CORAL) Consortium, Minihan Savannah , Songco Annabel , Fox Elaine , Ladouceur Cecile D. , Mewton Louise , Moulds Michelle , Pfeifer Jennifer H. , van Harmelen Anne-Laura
Published: March 2023

Importance

Antenatal stress is a significant risk factor for poor postpartum mental health. The association of pandemic-related stress with postpartum outcomes among mothers and infants is, however, less well understood.

Objective

To examine the association of antenatal COVID-19–related stress with postpartum maternal mental health and infant outcomes.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study was conducted among 318 participants in the COVID-19 Risks Across the Lifespan study, which took place in Australia, the UK, and the US. Eligible participants reported being pregnant at the first assessment wave between May 5 and September 30, 2020, and completed a follow-up assessment between October 28, 2021, and April 24, 2022.

Main Outcomes and Measures

COVID-19–related stress was assessed with the Pandemic Anxiety Scale (score range, 0-4, with higher scores indicating greater COVID-19–related stress). The 8-item Patient Health Questionnaire (score range, 0-3, with higher scores indicating more frequent symptoms of depression) was used to measure maternal depression at each time point, and the 7-item General Anxiety Disorder scale (score range, 0-3, with higher scores indicating more frequent symptoms of anxiety) was used to measure generalized anxiety at each time point. At follow-up, postpartum distress was assessed with the 10-item Postpartum Distress Measure (score range, 0-3, with higher scores indicating greater postpartum distress), and infant outcomes (negative and positive affectivity and orienting behavior) were captured with the Infant Behavior Questionnaire (score range, 1-7, with higher scores indicating that the infant exhibited that affect/behavior more frequently).

Results

The study included 318 women (mean [SD] age, 32.0 [4.6] years) from Australia (88 [28%]), the US (94 [30%]), and the UK (136 [43%]). Antenatal COVID-19–related stress was significantly associated with maternal postpartum distress (β = 0.40 [95% CI, 0.28-0.53]), depression (β = 0.32 [95% CI, 0.23-0.41]), and generalized anxiety (β = 0.35 [95% CI, 0.26-0.44]), as well as infant negative affectivity (β = 0.45 [95% CI, 0.14-0.76]). The findings remained consistent across a range of sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings of this cohort study suggest that targeting pandemic-related stressors in the antenatal period may improve maternal and infant outcomes. Pregnant individuals should be classified as a vulnerable group during pandemics and should be considered a public health priority, not only in terms of physical health but also mental health.