bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Divergence together with microbes: A comparative study of the associated microbiomes in the closely related Littorina species
Authors: Maltseva Arina L. , Varfolomeeva Marina A. , Gafarova Elizaveta R. , Panova Marina A. Z. , Mikhailova Natalia A. , Granovitch Andrei I.
Published: December 2021

Any multicellular organism during its life is involved in relatively stable interactions with microorganisms. The organism and its microbiome make up a holobiont, possessing a unique set of characteristics and evolving as a whole system. This study aimed to evaluate the degree of the conservativeness of microbiomes associated with intertidal gastropods. We studied the composition and the geographic and phylogenetic variability of the gut and body surface microbiomes of five closely related sympatricLittorina(Neritrema) spp. and a more distant species,L.littorea, from the sister subgenusLittorina(Littorina). Although snail-associated microbiomes included many lineages (207–603), they were dominated by a small number of OTUs of the generaPsychromonas,Vibrio, andPsychrilyobacter. The geographic variability was greater than the interspecific differences at the same collection site. While the microbiomes of the sixLittorinaspp. did not differ at the high taxonomic level, the OTU composition differed between groups of cryptic species and subgenera. A few species-specific OTUs were detected within the collection sites; notably, such OTUs never dominated microbiomes. We conclude that the composition of the high-rank taxa of the associated microbiome (“scaffolding enterotype”) is more evolutionarily conserved than the composition of the low-rank individual OTUs, which may be site- and / or species-specific.
Women’s post-abortion contraceptive use: Are predictors the same for immediate and future uptake of contraception? Evidence from Ghana
Authors: Kayi Esinam Afi , Biney Adriana Andrea Ewurabena , Dodoo Naa Dodua , Ofori Charlotte Abra Esime , Dodoo Francis Nii-Amoo
Published: December 2021

This study seeks to identify the socio-demographic, reproductive, partner-related, and facility-level characteristics associated with women’s immediate and subsequent use of post-abortion contraception in Ghana. Secondary data from the 2017 Ghana Maternal Health Survey were utilized in this study. The weighted data comprised 1,880 women who had ever had an abortion within the five years preceding the survey. Binary logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the associations between the predictor and outcome variables. Health provider and women’s socio-demographic characteristics were significantly associated with women’s use of post-abortion contraception. Health provider’s counselling on family planning prior to or after abortion and place of residence were associated with both immediate and subsequent post-abortion uptake of contraception. Among subsequent post-abortion contraceptive users, older women (35–49), women in a union, and women who had used contraception prior to becoming pregnant were strong predictors. Partner-related and reproductive variables did not predict immediate and subsequent use of contraception following abortion. Individual and structural/institutional level characteristics are important in increasing women’s acceptance and use of contraception post abortion. Improving and intensifying family planning counselling services at the health facility is critical in increasing contraceptive prevalence among abortion seekers.
Effect of breastfeeding for 6 months on disease outcomes in patients with Kawasaki disease
Authors: Guo Mindy Ming-Huey , Tsai I-Hsin , Kuo Ho-Chang
Published: December 2021

Background

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a systematic vasculitis that occurs predominantly in young children, and is the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children younger than five-years-old in developed countries. Although the etiology of KD is unknown, it is believed to be an inflammatory disease resulting from abnormal immune responses to possible environmental or infectious stimuli in genetically predisposed individuals. Breast milk contains numerous anti-inflammatory factors which may protect against allergic and autoimmune diseases. In this study we tried to examine the effect of breastfeeding for 6 months or more on disease outcomes in patients with Kawasaki disease.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study of 249 KD patients admitted from 1999- 2013 who were older than 6 months at time of diagnosis and had data regarding breastfeeding in the first 6 months of life. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data was collected by chart review. Continuous data was compared using Student’s t-test and categorical variables were compared using Chi-square. Stepwise multivariate regression of all demographic factors was performed.

Results

Breastfeeding for 6 months or more was associated with a shorter total duration of fever (5.980± 1.405 Vs. 6.910 ± 2.573 days, p = 0.001) and a lower risk of developing persistent coronary artery lesions (CALs) (7.8% Vs. 20.2%, p-value = 0.039) on univariate analysis. Multivariate regression of all factors associated with CALs including breastfeeding for 6 months found that only the presence of CALs at baseline (β-coefficient = 0.065, p < 0.001) and white blood count (β-coefficient = 0.065, p = 0.018) remained significant after regression analysis.

Conclusions

Breastfeeding for 6 months or more was associated with a shorter duration of fever and a lower risk of persistent CAL formation in patients with KD on univariate analysis, although this effect may be modest when other factors such as the presence of CALs at baseline and white blood cell count are also taken into consideration.
Hyperosmotic stress induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition through rearrangements of focal adhesions in tubular epithelial cells
Authors: Miyano Takashi , Suzuki Atsushi , Sakamoto Naoya
Published: December 2021

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of tubular epithelial cells is a hallmark of renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis and is associated with chronic renal injury as well as acute renal injury. As one of the incidences and risk factors for acute renal injury, increasing the osmolality in the proximal tubular fluid by administration of intravenous mannitol has been reported, but the detailed mechanisms remain unclear. Hyperosmotic conditions caused by mannitol in the tubular tissue may generate not only osmotic but also mechanical stresses, which are known to be able to induce EMT in epithelial cells, thereby contributing to renal injury. Herein, we investigate the effect of hyperosmolarity on EMT in tubular epithelial cells. Normal rat kidney (NRK)-52E cells were exposed to mannitol-induced hyperosmotic stress. Consequently, the hyperosmotic stress led to a reduced expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin and an enhanced expression of the mesenchymal marker, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), which indicates an initiation of EMT in NKR-52E cells. The hyperosmotic condition also induced time-dependent disassembly and rearrangements of focal adhesions (FAs) concomitant with changes in actin cytoskeleton. Moreover, prevention of FAs rearrangements by cotreatment with Y-27632, a Rho-associated protein kinase inhibitor, could abolish the effects of hyperosmotic mannitol treatment, thus attenuating the expression of α-SMA to the level in nontreated cells. These results suggest that hyperosmotic stress may induce EMT through FAs rearrangement in proximal tubular epithelial cells.
Maternal mortality associated with COVID-19 in Brazil in 2020 and 2021: Comparison with non-pregnant women and men
Authors: Gonçalves Beatriz Martinelli Menezes , Franco Rossana Pulcinelli V. , Rodrigues Agatha S.
Published: December 2021

Objective

Mortality rates of pregnant and postpartum women grew in the second COVID-19 pandemic year. Our objective is to understand this phenomenon to avoid further deaths.

Methods

We collected data from SIVEP-Gripe, a nationwide Brazilian database containing surveillance data on all severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by COVID-19, between the first notified case (February 2020) until the 17th epidemiological week of 2021. We stratified patients into maternal women (which includes pregnant and postpartum women), non-maternal women and men and divided them by time of diagnosis in two periods: first period (February to December 2020) and second period (the first 17 epidemiological weeks of 2021 before pregnant and postpartum women were vaccinated).

Results

During the second period, all patients had higher risk of presenting severe COVID-19 cases, but the maternal population was at a higher risk of death (OR of 2.60 CI 95%: 2.28–2.97)–almost double the risk of the two other groups. Maternal women also had a higher risk of needing intensive care, intubation and of presenting desaturation in the second period. Importantly, maternal women presented fewer comorbidities than other patient groups, suggesting that pregnancy and postpartum can be an important risk factor associated with severe COVID-19.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that the Gama variant, which has been related to greater virulence, transmissibility and mortality rates leads to more severe cases of COVID-19 for pregnant and postpartum women.
MARK4ren interakzioak USP21 deubikuitinasaren kokapen azpizelular dinamikoa erregulatzen du
Authors: García-Santisteban Iraia , Olazabal-Herrero Anne , Rodríguez Jose Antonio
Published: December 2021

USP21 deubikuitinasa nukleoaren eta zitoplasmaren artean translokatzen da, eta zentrosoman ere koka daiteke, baina kokapen azpizelular konplexu hori nola modulatzen den ezezaguna da. Proteomika-analisiaren bidez, MARk4 kinasa zentrosomala identifikatu da USP21 proteinaren balizko interaktore gisa. Lan honetan, USP21/MARk4 interakzioa balioztatzen dugu, eta USP21 proteinan MARk4 lotura-eskualdea identifikatu. Gure emaitzen arabera, MARk4ekiko interakzioak USP21en nukleoaren eta zitoplasmaren arteko kokapen dinamikoa erregula dezake, zitoplasmarekiko atxikipena areagotuz. Bestalde, gure datuek bi proteinen kokapen zentrosomala oso dinamikoa dela erakusten dute, eta USP21en dinamika zentrosomala MARk4en bidez modula daitekeela iradokitzen dute.
Betizu behi arrazaren karakterizazio genealogiko eta genomikoa
Authors: Alvite Arregi Asier , Altarriba Farran Juan , Varona Aguado Luis
Published: December 2021

Ikerketa lan honen bidez, Euskal Herrikoa, hemengoa den eta galtzeko zorian dagoen betizu behi-arraza erdi basatiaren ezaguera handitu nahi izan da. AxiomTM Bovine Genotyping v3 genotipazio-txiparekin abereen lagin adierazgarri baten azterketa genetikoa egin da. Azterketa horren helburua behi-taldearen barruan egon zitezkeen azpipopulazioak atzematea eta taldean dagoen odolkidetasun-maila aztertzea izan da. Galtzeko zorian dagoen arraza den arren, odolkidetasuna ez da espero zen bezain handia izan: batez beste % 13,4. Gaur egungo betizuen abere-azienda birpopulatu duten animalia talde nagusiekin bat egiten duten hiru azpipopulazio aurkitu dira. Ahaidetasuna zehazteko, erlazio genomikoen matrizea kalkulatu da, eta informazio molekularrak genealogikoki ezezagunak diren ahaideak argitzeko duen gaitasuna egiaztatu da. Azterketa horren emaitzek informazio garrantzitsua eman dute arraza kontserbatzeko programan erabakiak hartzeko; izan ere, depresio endogamikoa agertzea saihesten duten gurutzamenduak diseinatzeko aukera eman dezake, informazio genealogikoa ez dagoen egoera batean.
Pobrezia Energetikoa Euskal Autonomi Erkidegoan 2008, 2012, 2016 eta 2018an
Authors: Aristondo Oihana , Onaindia Eneritz , Sanles Ane
Published: December 2021

Lan honetan, Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoko pobrezia energetikoa aztertuko da 2008, 2012, 2016 eta 2018an. Pobrezia energetikoa neurtzeko, bi lerrori jarraitu ohi zaie, aldagai subjektiboetan oinarriturikoa, bata, eta etxebizi- tzen energia gastuetan oinarriturikoa, bestea. Lehenengo lerroan erabili ohi diren aldagaiak hiru dira, adostutako metodoan erabiltzen direnak normalean, eta pertzepzio bidezko aldagaiak deritze. Izan ere, aldagai horiek subjektiboak dira eta etxebizitzetako erosotasun energetikoei buruzko galderei erantzuten diete, hau da, ea etxebizitzak tenperatura egokia mantentzeko ahalmena duen, elektrizitate, ur edo/eta gas fakturak ordaintzerako orduan atzerapenak izan dituen eta, azkenik, etxebizitzaren egoera ea egokia den (hezetasun, itogin edo leiho puskatu eza). Bigarren lerroari dagokionez, etxebizitzen energia gastuekin erlazionaturik dauden bi aldagai aztertzen dira: etxebizitzen diru sarrerekiko gehiegizko gastu energetikoa eta gutxiegiko gastu energetikoa, ezkutuko pobrezia deritzona. Bi lerro hauek independenteki aztertu izan ohi dira etxebizitza bererako lan gehienetan. Izan ere, ez dira existitzen Europa mailan datu-baseak aurretik aipatu diren bost aldagai horiei buruzko datuak batera dituztenak etxebizitza bererako lan gehienetan. Lan honen berritasuna zera da, Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoko datu-baseetan bi lerroetako aldagai guztiak ditugula etxebizitza bakoitzerako eta bi lerroak elkarrekin aztertzeko aukera dugula. Beraz, lan honetan lehenengoz bi lerroak independenteki aztertuko ditugu eta, azkenik, Euskal Autonomia Erkidegorako pobrezia energetikoaren definizio orokor bat ere emango dugu.
Gure bihotzeko kalmodulina
Authors: Muguruza-Montero Arantza , Nuñez Eider , Araujo Arianne , Alicante Sara , Villarroel Alvaro , Urrutia Janire
Published: December 2021

Kaltzioa seinalizazio unibertsaleko mezulari bat da, funtsezko prozesuetan parte hartzen duena, hala nola apoptosian, zelulen proliferazioan eta muskuluen uzkurduran. Prozesu horietan parte hartzen duten proteina askok ioi honen kontzentrazioari erantzuteko kaltzio sentsore batekin, kalmodulinarekin (CaM), elkarreragin behar dute. Horrek ehunka proteinaren aktibitatea erregulatzen du bere N- eta C-lobuluen bidez, non EF-eskuak aurkezten dituen Ca2+-ari lotzeko. Zelulen seinalizazioan CaM-k duen papera hedatuta dagoen arren, haren mutazioek bereziki bihotzari eragiten diote. Izan ere, CaM proteina berdinak kodetzen dituzten hiru geneetako edozeinetan gaixotasunak eragiten dituzten mutazioek bihotz-disfuntzio larriak eragiten dituzte, eta horrek kitzikagarritasunaren erregulazioan duen garrantzia adierazten du. Beraz, esku hartzen duten mekanismoen ezagutzak aukera eman dezake adierazpen klinikoei modu kritikoan heltzeko eta kalmodulinopatietarako estrategia terapeutikoak garatzen laguntzeko.
Tokiko garapena eta Ekonomia Sozial eraldatzaileko tokiko sistemak: Beterri-Buruntza-ko kasua
Authors: Egia Olaizola Andoni
Published: December 2021

Artikulu honen helburua da Ekonomia Sozial eta Eraldatzaileko Tokiko Sistemen (ESETS) sorkuntza eta sustapena tokiko-garapenerako eredu alternatibo gisa aurkeztea.
Horretarako, Gipuzkoako Beterri-Buruntza eskualdeko garapen ekonomikoaren planean 2013 urtetik 2020ra bitarte egindako proiektuak azaldu eta Ekonomia Sozial eta Eraldatzailekoko Tokiko Sistema eraikitzeko estrategia integral baten barruan kokatuko dira. Estrategia horren bidez, lurraldean ekonomia sozial eta eraldatzailekoko enpresak sortzeko, inkubatzeko, finkatzeko eta artikulatzeko dispositibo, espazio eta zerbitzuen multzoa eskaini nahi izan da, bai eta ESEko lurralde-ekosistema bat loratzeko ingurune egokia sortzea helburu zuten politika publikoak sustatzea bilatu da.
Horrenbestez, batetik ESETS-ei buruzko formulazio teorikoa proposatuko da, eta bestetik, Tokiko Garapenerako eredu hegemonikoen ordez ESETS eraikitzea lortu den ala ez eztabaidatuko da eredu sozioekonomiko demokratikoagoak, iraunkorragoak eta bidezkoagoak lortzeko estrategia gisa.
Tudásalapú gazdaság – Iparpolitika – Felsőoktatás : Knowledge based economy –industrial policy –higher education
Authors: Trautmann László , Vida Cecília
Published: December 2021

A tanulmány célja, hogy a tudásalapú gazdasághoz illeszkedő iparpolitika és felsőoktatás-politika kereteit bemutassa. Az elemzés kiindulópontja, hogy szerkezetváltás megy végbe a globalizáció technológiai folyamataiban. Új ágazatok emelkednek ki és új intézményi szerkezetben történik a technológia irányítása. Az ágazati váltás legfontosabb eleme az infrastruktúra megújulása, ami köré szerveződnek az ágazatok. A tanulmány második részében a felsőoktatás változását mutatjuk be, ami mindig is szorosan kapcsolódott az iparpolitikához. Az új elem a tudásalapú gazdaság időszakában, hogy az oktatás átfogóbb szerepre tesz szert, a gazdasági fejlődés alapvető intézményi kerete lesz. A tanulmány harmadik részében emiatt elemezzük empirikus eszközökkel a hazai felsőoktatás lemorzsolódási mutatóit, és mutatjuk ki, hogy a felsőoktatási intézmények részéről az erőfeszítés a hallgatók megőrzésére hosszú távon kifizetődő lehet. The aim of the paper is to provide a policy framework for the industrial policy and higher education policy in the knowledge-based economy. The knowledge-based economy and society is the main feature of new era of globalization which means that new industries have launched, and new institutional structure has started to build in a global scale. The main characteristic of the new technology is the infrastructure (including space technology, 5G) and the infrastructure gives a new impetus to other industries. In the second part of paper, we show several stages of the development of higher education. Our main tenet is the strong connection between industrial policy and the development of higher education. We argue that the higher education will have got a stronger role in the new era. In the third part, we analyze the dropout rate in the Hungarian higher education and give some policy recommendation to mitigate it.
Bullshit munkák, avagy az excel tábla és a biblia kapcsolata : (David Graeber Bullshit munkák 2020, Budapest, Typotex Kiadó)
Authors: Fülöp Lili Gyöngyi , Halász Győző Mihály
Published: December 2021

MI IS PONTOSAN A BULLSHIT MUNKA?David Graeber Bullshit munkák című könyvében hosszan értekezik az általa „bullshit”-nek (magyarul ostobaság, marhaság) titulált felesleges munkákról. Ahhoz azonban, hogy mélyebben értelmezhessük a problémát, valamint további következtetéseket vonhassunk le, meg kell értenünk, mit is takar pontosan ez a „definíció”.Graeber fokozatosan bontja ki a bullshit munka pontos definícióját, példákon át vezeti az olvasót a megértéshez. Az első, kezdetleges definíció a következő: „a bullshit munka olyan munkakör, mely annyira értelmetlen, haszontalan vagy káros, hogy még az azt betöltők is képtelenek létezését indokolni” [Graeber, 2020: 25]. Az ehhez tartozó példa a német hadsereg egy alvállalkozójának működését mutatja be. A főszereplőnk, Kurtz, 100-500 km-t utazik egy bérelt autóval pusztán azért, hogy egy katonai irodai munkás számítógépét két szobával arrébb költöztesse (hosszas adminisztratív egyeztetés után). Ezt a munkát klasszikus bullshit munkaként definiálhatjuk, hiszen ha megszűnne, akkor nem lenne a világ számára veszteség.
Reorganização do processo de trabalho da Atenção Primária à Saúde durante o enfrentamento da pandemia da COVID-19
Authors: Pereira Átila Augusto Cordeiro , Monteiro Diully Siqueira , Galvão Sâmela Stefane Correa , Garcia Layse Viana Figueiredo , Leal Tamilis Feitosa , Rosa João Victor Moura , Borges Sâmia Cristine Rabelo
Published: December 2021

O artigo tem como objetivo descrever a experiência da reorganização do processo de trabalho na Atenção Primária à Saúde para o enfrentamento da COVID-19, no estado do Pará. Estudo qualitativo, do tipo relato de experiência, realizado no ano de 2021, a partir das experiências de profissionais de saúde de distintas regiões do estado. Ao longo da pandemia no estado a APS passou por reorganização do processo de trabalho buscando minimizar os efeitos da pandemia na região. Em resposta a este cenário destacam-se as medidas de distanciamento social, visitas domiciliares, combate a fake news, teleatendimento, reorganização da agenda de atendimento ao usuário, implantação de fluxos para atendimento de síndrome gripal, integração com a vigilância em saúde, somando um conjunto de ações que foram capazes de reduzir o contágio pela COVID-19 em municípios paraenses. Este processo de reorganização do processo de trabalho da APS enfrentou as dificuldades peculiares da região amazônica como o fator renda, rede de serviços de saúde, escolaridade, escassez de insumos, alta rotatividade de profissionais de saúde e barreiras geográficas. A reorganização das equipes de atenção primária foi importante para atender as demandas da população na medida em que garantiu acesso a serviços básicos de saúde. Persiste ainda a baixa disponibilidade de testes para identificação do novo coronavírus, falta de resolutividade no setor diagnóstico e laboratorial e a frágil integração da APS com a vigilância em saúde, o que tem proporcionado desafios para o rastreamento e subnotificação de casos na população paraense.
Lesão por fricção e lesão por pressão em idosos: prática de enfermagem baseada em evidências
Authors: Girondi Juliana Balbinot Reis , Evaristo Scheila Monteiro , Tristão Francisco Reis , Amante Lúcia Nazareth , Sebold Luciara Fabiane , Calegari Milena Ronise
Published: December 2021

O objetivo da pesquisa foi identificar estudos de intervenções preventivas, diagnósticas e de tratamento de Lesão por Fricção e Lesão por Pressão em idosos. Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa nas bases Base de Dados de Enfermagem, Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied health literature; Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online e Scientific Eletronic Library Online, período entre 2014 e 2020. Os dados dos estudos foram organizados e apresentados em quadro e, o corpus de análise classificados em consonância ao nível de evidência de Melnyk e Fineout-Overholt. Foram identificados 42 artigos, onde apenas dois foram classificados como nível de evidência forte, agrupados em quatro categorias temáticas: Identificando fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de lesões; Prevenção e manutenção da integridade da pele; diagnóstico de enfermagem nas lesões de pele e Tratando as Lesões por Fricção e por Pressão. As publicações estão voltadas para identificação e avaliação de riscos de Lesões por Pressão e, em menor quantitativo, em Lesões por Fricção. Os diagnósticos de enfermagem apresentam-se com maior carência de publicações, em ambos os tipos de lesões. Não foram identificados estudos sobre cuidados de enfermagem aos idosos com Lesão por Fricção. Conclusão: Torna-se necessário que novas pesquisas, no intuito de fortalecer e embasar a prática assistencial do enfermeiro pautada na clínica baseada em evidência científica.
La renovación benedictina: artes plásticas y arquitectura religiosa contemporáneas
Authors: García-Lozano Rafael Ángel
Published: December 2021

La modernización de la arquitectura religiosa contemporánea consagró la integración entre artes plásticas y arquitectura como objetivo. Este fenómeno cobró en la segunda mitad del siglo XX renovadas formas de expresión en las artes al servicio del culto. En su desarrollo, la orden de San Benito ha tenido un papel protagonista, en plena continuidad con sus aportaciones históricas. Precisamente su primera realización en España tras su restauración fue el templo del monasterio de La Ascensión, la obra benedictina española más fiel a la reforma del Vaticano II y a la renovación de las artes al servicio litúrgico, cuyo proceso constructivo estudiamos.
¿Nos seguimos guiando por los estereotipos cuando hablamos sobre el andaluz?
Authors: Trujillo Unquiles Rosa , Gil Íngrid
Published: December 2021

Este estudio analiza la situación actual del andaluz en los medios de comunicación partiendo de la hipótesis de que el andaluz está desprestigiado y estereotipado. A lo largo de este trabajo, hemos observado que, en efecto, se trata a los andaluces de forma discriminatoria por su forma de hablar. Existen estereotipos con respecto a los andaluces y su manera de comunicarse, y los medios de comunicación difunden falsos tópicos sobre el andaluz, que afectan de manera negativa a la población andaluza.
Evaluasi Penggunaan Gliserol dalam Pembuatan Preparat Telur Cacing Semipermanen
Authors: Asarina Shinta , Haeruni Nuni
Published: December 2021

Glycerol is one of the ingredients for preserving bacterial culture. Glycerol has hygroscopic properties so that it can absorb water molecules from the environment and prevent wet mount preparations. The use of glycerol in making semipermanent worm egg preparations for microscopic examination was evaluated in this study. This research was conducted at the Microbiology and Parasitology Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Bandung. From the results of the study it was found that worm egg preparations with the addition of glycerol can last longer than those without glycerol. This method can be recommended for making semipermanent worm egg preparations for the purpose of parasitological examination in the laboratory and student laboratory
Pemanfaatan Biji Mangga Arum Manis (Mangifera indica L.) Sebagai Media Alternatif Pertumbuhan Candida albicans dan Aspergillus sp
Authors: Sundari S , Wisrakarmila W , Faizah F , Marlina Dest
Published: December 2021

Non-synthetic media is an alternative medium that utilizes ingredients found in nature. The chemical content of these ingredients is not known in detail but can be used because they are abundant in nature, easy to prepare and inexpensive. Several research results used alternative media from natural ingredients such as cassava starch for the growth of Aspergillus niger and Fusarium oxysporum , cowpeas, green beans, black soybeans, and soybean, ganyong, gembili and arrowroot , cereals, and beans . Purpose This study was to determine the seeds of mango arum sweth (Mangifera indica L.) can be used as an alternative growth medium for Candida albicans and Aspergillus sp. This research was conducted using an in vitro laboratory experimental method. The results showed that the medium mango seed (Mangifera indica L.) which had an average number of Candida albicans colonies was 1.12 x 106 cfu / ml while the medium mango seed arum sweet (Mangifera indica L.) in 72 hours incubation, the best diameter was obtained, namely 35 mm So it can be concluded that mango seed media (Mangifera indica L.) can be used as an alternative growth medium for Candida albicans and Aspergillus sp.
Dżuma w Italii. O zapomnianym traktacie Della peste Angela Antonia Frari
Authors: Karwacka-Pastor Dorota
Published: December 2021

Angelo Antonio Frari, a 19th century doctor and writer, devoted his life to studying the plague. In his treaty entitled Della peste published in Venice in 1840, he presented the history of the plague pandemic, describing its symptoms and ways of curing throughout centuries. His work is not only a medical, anthropological, and ethical treaty, but also an account of events seen by a witness, who, having recovered from the plague, became involved in fighting with this disease in Italy and abroad. The author of the treaty delves into pondering on human nature, morality, and choices, and he presents various attitudes in the light of the epidemic. This work is also a source of information on how 19th century healthcare used to work and contains tips on how to avoid catching the disease. The subject matter of the treaty is still up to date, since the last word of this disease has not been said yet and it continues to be a threat to the human race.
Internationalization and english language in a public institution
Authors: Pereira Ayla , Kobayashi Eliana
Published: December 2021

Internationalization is defined as an integration process of international, intercultural or global dimensions with educational purpose and offers. There are many dimensions of educational institutions internationalization from research partnership to international mobility. Among the several requirements for students to participate in exchanging programs promoted by international universities and organizations is English language proficiency. On the other hand the proficiency level requirements can vary according to the mobility programs which set the minimum English level. One example is the SAKURA Science High School Program promoted by the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) which selected science and technology students to participate in an exchanging program in Japan. In order to be selected, applicants needed to have B1 (CEFRR) as minimum English proficiency level. Thus this study aims to investigate if Brazilian students of an educational institution have such required level to successfully take part in mobility programs. The qualitative methodology of this research includes documents analysis - internationalization documents and English course program - and questionnaires to students and English teacher. The results show that students are expected to achieve B1 level by the end of high school according to the English subject program. However students believe that they do not have such level in speaking skill which would be one of the main skill in JST program. Most of them classify their level in A2. Furthermore the English teacher claims that although some students have already achieved B1 or even higher level the majority is at A2.Thus in order to allow more students to participate in mobility programs the institution should invest in extra-curricular English courses to increase study hours and focus more on developing speaking skills.
Perspectives of brain imaging with PET systems
Authors: Majewski Stan
Published: December 2021

In this partial review and partial attempt at vision of what may be the future of dedicated brain PET scanners, the key implementations of the PET technique, we postulate that we are still on a development path and there is still a lot to be done in order to develop optimal brain imagers. Optimized for particular imaging tasks and protocols, and also mobile, that can be used outside the PET center, in addition to the expected improvements in sensitivity and resolution. For this multi-application concept to be more practical, flexible, adaptable designs are preferred. This task is greatly facilitated by the improved TOF performance that allows for more open, adjustable, limited angular coverage geometries without creating image artifacts. As achieving uniform very high resolution in the whole body is not practical due to technological limits and high costs, hybrid systems using a moderate-resolution total body scanner (such as J-PET) combined with a very high performing brain imager could be a very attractive approach. As well, as using magnification inserts in the total body or long-axial length imagers to visualize selected targets with higher resolution. In addition, multigamma imagers combining PET with Compton imaging should be developed to enable multitracer imaging.
GADD45B induced the enhancing of cell viability and proliferation in radiotherapy and increased the radioresistance of HONE1 cells
Authors: Ma Yanning , Huang Dongheng , Li Xingtong , Cheng Wanqin , Huang Xiaomin , Feng Huiyi , Zhu Fengying , Zeng Xiaokang , Zhao Shufen
Published: December 2021

This study aimed to investigate the key role and mechanism of GADD45B in the radiation resistance of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell lines. Radiotherapy-resistant HONE1 (HONE1-R) cells with stable genetic radioresistance were cultured under continuous radiation stimulation. CCK-8 and clone formation assays were used to verify the radioresistance of the cell line. Transcriptome sequencing was used to identify the most important differential signaling pathway in the cell line. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot analysis were used to verify the sequencing results. GADD45B-siRNA was used to knock down the key gene so as to verify the downstream gene expression and analyze its mechanism. The transcriptome analysis showed that 702 genes were upregulated and 772 genes were downregulated in the HONE1-R cell lines. The core differential signaling pathway was mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, and the core differential gene was GADD45B. After GADD45B was knocked down, the cell viability and proliferation ability of HONE1-R cell lines significantly decreased under radiation, and the expression of cyclin B1 and p-CDK1 decreased significantly. MAPK is the core signaling pathway in radioresistance of NPC. GADD45B plays an important role by affecting cell viability and proliferation in NPC radioresistance. GADD45B is a potential target of radioresistance in NPC.
Diagnostic statements: a linguistic analysis of how clinicians communicate diagnosis
Authors: Dahm Maria R. , Crock Carmel
Published: December 2021

Objectives

To investigate from a linguistic perspective how clinicians deliver diagnosis to patients, and how these statements relate to diagnostic accuracy.

Methods

To identify temporal and discursive features in diagnostic statements, we analysed 16 video-recorded interactions collected during a practice high-stakes exam for internationally trained clinicians (25% female, n=4) to gain accreditation to practice in Australia. We recorded time spent on history-taking, examination, diagnosis and management. We extracted and deductively analysed types of diagnostic statements informed by literature.

Results

Half of the participants arrived at the correct diagnosis, while the other half misdiagnosed the patient. On average, clinicians who made a diagnostic error took 30 s less in history-taking and 30 s more in providing diagnosis than clinicians with correct diagnosis. The majority of diagnostic statements were evidentialised (describing specific observations (n=24) or alluding to diagnostic processes (n=7)), personal knowledge or judgement (n=8), generalisations (n=6) and assertions (n=4). Clinicians who misdiagnosed provided more specific observations (n=14) than those who diagnosed correctly (n=9).

Conclusions

Interactions where there is a diagnostic error, had shorter history-taking periods, longer diagnostic statements and featured more evidence. Time spent on history-taking and diagnosis, and use of evidentialised diagnostic statements may be indicators for diagnostic accuracy.
Semidistributivity and Whitman Property in implication zroupoids
Authors: Cornejo Juan M. , Sankappanavar Hanamantagouda P.
Published: December 2021

In 2012, the second author introduced, and initiated the investigations into, the variety 𝓘 of implication zroupoids that generalize De Morgan algebras and ∨-semilattices with 0. An algebraA= 〈A, →, 0 〉, where → is binary and 0 is a constant, is called animplication zroupoid(𝓘-zroupoid, for short) ifAsatisfies: (x→y) →z≈ [(z′ →x) → (y→z)′]′, wherex′ :=x→ 0, and 0″ ≈ 0. Let 𝓘 denote the variety of implication zroupoids andA∈ 𝓘. Forx,y∈A, letx∧y:= (x→y′)′ andx∨y:= (x′ ∧y′)′. In an earlier paper, we had proved that ifA∈ 𝓘, then the algebraAmj= 〈A, ∨, ∧〉 is a bisemigroup. The purpose of this paper is two-fold: First, we generalize the notion of semidistributivity from lattices to bisemigroups and prove that, for everyA∈ 𝓘, the bisemigroupAmjis semidistributive. Secondly, we generalize the Whitman Property from lattices to bisemigroups and prove that the subvariety 𝓜𝓔𝓙 of 𝓘, defined by the identity:x∧y≈x∨y, satisfies the Whitman Property. We conclude the paper with two open problems.
On rapidly oscillating solutions of a nonlinear elliptic equation
Authors: Kadem Houssem Eddine , Bendaas Saida
Published: December 2021

The aim of this article is to examine the solutions of the boundary value problem of the nonlinear elliptic equation ε
2△u = f(u). We describe the asymptotic behavior as ε tends to zero of the solutions on a spherical crown C of RN
, (N ≥ 2) in a direct non-classical formulation which suggests easy proofs. We propose to look for interesting solutions in the case where the condition at the edge of the crown is a constant function. Our results are formulated in classical mathematics.Their proofs use the stroboscopic method which is a tool of the nonstandard asymptotic theory of differential equations.
A certain η-parallelism on real hypersurfaces in a nonflat complex space form
Authors: Okumura Kazuhiro
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we give the complete classification of real hypersurfaces in a nonflat complex space form from the viewpoint of the η-parallelism of the tensor field h(= (1/2)𝓛
ξ

ϕ). In addition we investigate real hypersurfaces whose tensor h is either Killing type or transversally Killing tensor. In particular, we shall determine Hopf hypersurfaces whose tensor h is transversally Killing tensor by using an application of the classification of real hypersurfaces admitting η-parallelism with respect to the tensor h.
Research on a mechanical model of magnetorheological fluid different diameter particles
Authors: Qiu Jun , Luo Yiping , Li Yuqing , Luo Jiao , Su Zhibin , Wang Ying
Published: December 2021

In this paper, the chain structure of magnetorheological fluid (MRF) magnetic particles was studied and analyzed, the mechanical model of MRF with different diameter ferromagnetic particles was established, silicone oil-based MRF with different particle volume fractions was prepared, the shear properties of the MRF were tested, and the theoretical and experimental data were compared. The experimental results show that the shear stress is stable with the increase of shear strain rate under the action of the magnetic field, and it has a shear thinning effect. The shear stress increases linearly with the increase of particle volume fraction. The shear stress increases with the increase of magnetic induction intensity. After data analysis and in the case of control variables, the average error of improved theoretical data and experimental data is lower than that of previous theoretical data and experimental data, which verifies that the improved theory (mechanical model) has a certain accuracy.
Novel soliton solutions to the Atangana–Baleanu fractional system of equations for the ISALWs
Authors: Asjad Muhammad Imran , Ullah Naeem , Rehman Hamood Ur , Gia Tuan Nguyen
Published: December 2021

This work deals the construction of novel soliton solutions to the Atangana–Baleanu (AB) fractional system of equations for the ion sound and Langmuir waves by using Sardar-subequation method (SSM). The outcomes are in the form of bright, singular, dark and combo soliton solutions. These solutions have wide applications in the arena of optoelectronics and wave propagation. The bright solitons will be a vast advantage in controlling the soliton disorder, dark solitons are also beneficial for soliton communication when a background wave exists and singular solitons only elaborate the shape of solitons and show a total spectrum of soliton solutions created from the model. These results would be very helpful to study and understand the physical phenomena in nonlinear optics. The performance of the SSM shows that this is powerful, talented, suitable and direct technique to discover the exact solutions for a number of nonlinear fractional models.
Heterotridentate organodiphosphines in Pt(η3-P1X1P2)(Y) (X1 = B, S, or Si) and Pt(η3-P1P2Si1)(Y) derivatives-structural aspects
Authors: Melník Milan , Mikuš Peter
Published: December 2021

This review covers almost 30 Pt(II) complexes of the composition Pt(η3-P1X1P2)(Y), (X1 = BL, SL, or SiL), (Y = H, OL, NL, CL, Cl, PL, or I) and Pt(η3-P1P2Si1)(CH3). Heterotridentate ligands form six types of metallocyclic rings: P1CNB1NCP2, P1C2S1C2P2, P1C2Si1C2P2, (most common), P1CNSi1NCP2, and P1C3Si1C3P2 with common B1, S1, or Si1 atoms. In P1C2P2C3Si1 the P2 atom is common. The structural data (Pt–L, L–Pt–L) are analyzed and discussed with an attention to the distortion of a square-planar geometry about Pt(II) atoms as well as trans-influence. The sum of Pt–L(x4) bond distances growing with covalent radius of the X1 and Y atoms.
The Behaviour of High-Rise Building with or without Shear Wall under Different Earthquakes
Authors: Wan Ahmad Saffuan , Kamarudin Muhammad Aimran Amzar , Wan Ariffin Wan Aniq Ridhwan
Published: December 2021

On the 5th June 2015, an earthquake hit Ranau, Sabah with a magnitude of 6.0 that caused 18 casualties and several injuries are one of the examples that show Malaysia is not safe from any seismic event. Most of the structure in Malaysia was designed not to include seismic action.  Furthermore, an area that has a high density of population such as in the central region (Klang valley) and several main cities in Malaysia has less available land to build landed housing and uses high-rise apartments as an alternative. High-rise buildings that are normally having problems with soft story mechanisms and plan irregularity which could lead to severe damage when earthquakes happen. This study aims to observe the response of high-rise buildings when under different earthquakes in the presence of shear walls. To achieve this objective two models were modelled and analyzed by using ETABS software, the one with a shear wall and the one with no shear wall. The methods used in this study were the response spectrum method and time-history analysis. In the end, the parameters observed were base shear, story stiffness, story drift, and story displacement. The observations highlighted that the effect of earthquake intensities shows a significant effect. The acquired results indicated that the building with the shear wall is more resistant and strong structures as compared to buildings without shear wall when undergoing seismic analysis.
Digitaization of Analogue Meter Reading Using Convolution Neural Network
Authors: Rizaman Azmin Raziq , Selamat Hazlina , Khamis Nurulaqilla
Published: December 2021

Analogue meter is a device that has been widely used in a various industry to monitor and obtain the reading of the measurement. Based on the conventional approach, the meter reading will be done continuously by the meter reader that might cause high tendency of human error during the observation. To minimize this fallacy, this approach taken in this paper enables the automation of this the process by obtaining the reading from an analogue meter using an image processing technique and send the output to the central database for further processing. By implementing this approach, observation efficacy can be improved. This paper describes the process on how to obtain the digitized reading of an analogue meter using images captured by a camera. The images are then processed using an image processing method and the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is used to determine the reading of the meter. Data is then sent to the MySQL database, as this approach was easily implemented and managed either on-premises or via the cloud. The use case in this study was based on the analogue meter for domestic electricity supply in Malaysia and results show that the meter reading can accurately be recognized using the proposed approach.
Challenges of Customs Law during the Paradigm of “Facility and Security” in International Trade
Authors: Laszuk Mirosława , Šramková Dana
Published: December 2021

Changing conditions within international trade as well as the implementation of the facilitation and security paradigm have significantly impacted the structure of customs law. Both the SAFE Framework as well as the Trade Facilitation Agreement had indicated the need to maintain a balance between regulations introducing simplifications and those ensuring safety and security. One example of such a solution is the institution of the authorised economic operator (AEO), which grants those entities opportunities to take advantage of a number of simplifications, such as the filing of the simplified customs declaration, making entries in a registry, or performing self-assessments, but, at the same time, maintains the requirement of safety and security (through a detailed audit of the enterprise before AEO certification). However, by allowing authorised economic operators to perform self-assessment in respect of goods that have entered into the customs territory of the European Union and are to be released for trade, EU legislators have created significant challenges concerning the realm of safety and security, especially concerning the institution that is the most important within that area – that of customs controls. Despite all this, its importance to safety and security remains distinctive and may be seen in the emergence of new types of customs controls which concern only this particular sphere.
Predominant Challenges of COVID-19 to Studentsâ€™ Personal Learning Endeavors: Illustrative Case Study in a Philippine University
Authors: Toquero Cathy Mae Dabi , Ulanday Diane Mae P. , Pantao Jovar G. , Pelones Maria Theresa P.
Published: December 2021

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic created psychological chaos, social distress, and emotional disturbances to the students worldwide which affected their pursuit to focus on their learning goals. This article examines the psychosocial, educational, and other related challenges of the current crisis which threaten the space for learning heuristics and personal well-being of university students.

Methods: The study applied an illustrative case study design to describe the real-life situations of the students in from a state university in the Philippines during the early stages of a phenomenal health event in history.

Results: Result indicates that COVID-19 posits detrimental effects to the studentsâ€™ educational cycles and psycho-social well-being as they felt drowned, trapped, and annihilated at the arrival of COVID-19. Aside from the psychological dilemma, students also deal with emotional, virtual, social, technical, and educational-related challenges. 

Conclusions: The educational momentum of these particular students declined due to unprecedented educational transitions, decreased motivation for their studies, complexities experienced in the emergency online learning environments, and multiplex health and digital issues.
Onset of normal cycles in postpartum anovulatory dairy cattle treated with kisspeptin
Authors: Burke Chris R , Roche John R , Millar Robert P , Clarke Iain J
Published: December 2021

The efficacy of a long-acting synthetic derivative of kisspeptin (Kp) to initiate normal oestrous cycles was tested in 24 mixed-aged, Holstein-Friesian cows that were 18–25 days postpartum on the day of treatment (D0). Groups of eight cows received saline (Sal) vehicle by intramuscular injection at 8:00 and 16:00 h (Sal-Sal), Kp at 8:00 h and vehicle at 16:00 h (Kp-Sal) or Kp on both occasions (Kp-Kp). The Kp dose was 15 nmol per 60 kg body weight. The ovaries of the cows were examined daily by ultrasonography between D4 and D14. Blood samples were collected from a tail vessel at 0, 2, 4, 8, 10 and 12 h relative to the time of the first injection for luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone assay. Additional samples were collected daily from D4 until D14 and D19, 22, 26 and 29 for progesterone assay. LH surge-like responses were observed in cows treated with Kp at 8:00 h. Ovulation was consistently induced by Kp within 48 h when a dominant ovarian follicle of at least 10 mm in diameter was observed (8/14) but in no cases (6/14) during a new wave of ovarian follicular development comprising follicles <10 mm in diameter. The subsequent ovulatory cycle was of normal length in most cases as compared with short 8– to 12-day cycles observed in spontaneously ovulating cows. We conclude that Kp treatment can induce ovulation in postpartum dairy cows, with ensuing oestrous cycles of normal length, if administered when a mature dominant follicle is present in the ovaries.

Lay summary

Cow fertility is important for efficient, profitable dairy farming. Cows that take too long after calving to become fertile are problematic. We tested a synthetically made, long-acting hormone called kisspeptin (Kp) to advance the time that cows become fertile after calving. Twenty-four dairy cows that had been calved for 3–4 weeks were used. One group of eight cows received an injection of Kp at the morning milking, another eight cows received Kp at both the morning and afternoon milking, while the last group of eight cows served as untreated controls. Kp treatment caused a desirable hormone response from the cows’ brain. Normal oestrous cycles resulted, but only when a mature follicle was present in the ovary. Further study is required to analyse whether the use of a long-acting Kp drug could be used as an effective treatment for stimulating dairy cows to become more fertile after calving.