bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of flow diverter stent malposition on intracranial aneurysm hemodynamics—An experimental framework using stereoscopic particle image velocimetry
Authors: Roloff Christoph , Berg Philipp
Published: March 2022

Background

Flow-diverting stents are increasingly used for the minimally-invasive treatment of intracranial aneurysms. However, a correct positioning of such devices can be challenging due to varying vessel diameters as well as the complex anatomy of the neurovasculature. As a consequence, unsuccessful treatment outcomes are increasingly reported requiring an improvement of the understanding of stent-induced flow modification.

Methods

To evaluate the effect of different degrees of flow diverter stent malposition on intra-aneurysmal hemodynamic changes, a controlled hemodynamic configuration was created using an idealized intracranial aneurysms model. Afterwards, four different treatment scenarios were reproduced comprising of 1) the ideal treatment, 2) an insufficient wall apposition in the region of the ostium, 3) a distorted device migrating into the aneurysm sac and 4) an inaccurately deployed stent due to wrong release location. For the assessment of the individual flow modifications, high-resolution stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements were carried out.

Results

The analysis of the precisein-vitroPIV measurements reveals that in all cases a considerable reduction of the cycle-averaged and peak-systolic velocity was obtained. Compared to the untreated aneurysm configuration, the flow reduction ranged from 63% (scenario 4) up to 89% (scenario 3). The ideal treatment reached a reduction of 78%, which is known to be sufficient for a successful therapy. However, inaccurate device positioning leads to increased oscillating flow towards the lateral directions reducing the chances of sufficient thrombus formation.

Conclusions

High-resolutionin-vitroPIV measurements enable an accurate quantification of the treatment efficacy for flow-diverting devices. Furthermore, insufficient treatment outcomes can be reproduces allowing for an assessment of intra-aneurysmal hemodynamic changes.
Evaluation of pharmacovigilance systems for reporting medication errors in Africa and the role of patients using a mixed-methods approach
Authors: Sabblah George Tsey , Seaneke Seth Kwaku , Kushitor Mawuli , van Hunsel Florence , Taxis Katja , Duwiejua Mahama , van Puijenbroek Eugène
Published: March 2022

Background

Reviewing the epidemiological profile of medication errors (MEs) reported by African countries and the systems put in place to report such errors is crucial because reporting plays an important role in improving patient safety. The objectives of this study were to characterize the profile of spontaneously reported MEs submitted by African countries to VigiBase; the World Health Organization (WHO) global database of individual case safety reports, describe systems in place for reporting these errors, and explore the challenges and facilitators for spontaneous reporting and understand the potential role of patients.

Methods

In the present study, we used, a mixed-methods sequential explanatory design involving a quantitative review of ME reports over a 21-year period (1997–2018) and qualitative interviews with employees from African countries that are members of the WHO Program for International Drug Monitoring (WHO PIDM). Descriptive statistics were used to summarize key variables of interest.

Results

A total of 4,205 ME reports were submitted by African countries to VigiBase representing 0.4% of all reports in the database. Only 15 countries out of the 37 WHO PIDM members from Africa contributed ME to reports, with 99% (3,874) of them reports originating from Egypt, Morocco, and South Africa. The reasons given for low reporting of MEs were weak healthcare and pharmacovigilance systems, lack of staff capacity at the national centers, illiteracy, language difficulties, and socio-cultural and religious beliefs. Some facilitators suggested by the participants to promote reporting included proactive engagement of patients regarding issues relating to MEs, leveraging on increased technology, benchmarking and mentoring by more experienced national centers. Sixteen of the twenty countries interviewed had systems for reporting MEs integrated into adverse drug reaction reporting with minimal patient involvement in seven of these countries. Patients were not involved in directly reporting MEs in the remaining 13 countries.

Conclusions

MEs are rarely reported through pharmacovigilance systems in African countries with limited patient involvement. The systems are influenced by multifactorial issues some of which are not directly related to healthcare.
COVID-19 related knowledge, attitudes, and practices in Indian Population: An online national cross-sectional survey
Authors: Singh Piyoosh Kumar , Anvikar Anup , Sinha Abhinav
Published: March 2022

Introduction

This highly contagious zoonotic corona virus (SARS-CoV-2) spread to most parts of the world (200 countries) and created a public health emergency. Due to its novel nature and indistinctness, different sources of information and suggestions were developed to guide the individuals about its transmission and prevent its infection. Responses to the active intervention efforts have posed some relevant questions on population understanding and attitudes toward COVID-19. The present study is aims to assess the COVID-19 related knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) in a heterogeneous Indian population.

Material and methods

501 respondents across India participated in a questionnaire-based online survey from April 2020 to May 2020. The questionnaire incorporated 56 questions about demographic characteristics and KAP dimensions. The mixed (quantitative and qualitative) methods were employed to evaluate KAP dimensions. Descriptive analysis was estimated as means, SD, and proportion. The bivariate (χ2), correlation, and regression analysis were utilized for the response analysis. In addition, qualitative analysis, including content and thematic analysis were done for open-ended questions.

Result

High knowledge and positive attitude were reported in more than half of the study population, with a proportion of 58.6% and 62.1%, respectively. Education shows a significant difference in the knowledge and attitude dimensions. The good practice (50.5% of the total population) reported a significant difference in age and gender categories with the test of independence (χ2). Prevention (56.89%) in knowledge domain and risk (17.56%), information-seeking (45.51%), prevention (51.50%), and treatment-seeking (54.29%) in attitude domains recorded low proportion. KAP variables were found in association in Pearson correlation analysis. In logistic regression analysis, knowledge was the strongest predictor for the positive attitude, whereas attitude was reported as the best predictor for good practice outcome.

Conclusion

The study presents a moderate level of covid related knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices in Indian population.
The estimated benefits of increasing cigarette prices through taxation on the burden of disease and economic burden of smoking in Nigeria: A modeling study
Authors: Bardach Ariel , Casarini Agustín , Rodriguez Cairoli Federico , Adeniran Adedeji , Castradori Marco , Akanonu Precious , Onyekwena Chukwuka , Espinola Natalia , Pichon-Riviere Andrés , Palacios Alfredo
Published: March 2022

Background

Globally, tobacco consumption continues to cause a considerable burden of preventable diseases. Although the smoking prevalence in Nigeria may be declining over the last years, the absolute number of active smokers remains one of the highest in Africa. Little is known about the disease burden and economic costs of cigarette smoking in Nigeria. Consequently, there is an evidence gap to inform the design and implementation of an effective policy for tobacco control.

Methods

We applied a microsimulation model to estimate the burden attributable to smoking in terms of morbidity, mortality, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and direct medical costs and indirect costs (e.g., productivity loss costs, informal caregivers’ costs). We also modeled the health and economic impact of different scenarios of tobacco price increases through taxes.

Results

We estimated that smoking is responsible for approximately 29,000 annual deaths in Nigeria. This burden corresponds to 816,230 DALYs per year. In 2019, the total economic burden attributable to tobacco was estimated at ₦ 634 billion annually (approximately U$D 2.07 billion). If tobacco cigarettes’ prices were to be raised by 50% through taxes, more than 30,000 deaths from smoking-attributable diseases would be averted in 10 years, with subsequent savings on direct and indirect costs of ₦597 billion and increased tax revenue collection of ₦369 billion.

Conclusion

In Nigeria, tobacco is responsible for substantial health and economic burden. Increasing tobacco taxes could reduce this burden and produce net economic benefits.
Biological evaluation of a mechanical ventilator that operates by controlling an automated manual resuscitator. A descriptive study in swine
Authors: Gonzales Carazas Maryanne Melanie , Gavidia Cesar Miguel , Davila Fernandez Roberto , Vargas Zuñiga Juan Alberto , Crespo Paiva Alberto , Bocanegra William , Calderon Joan , Sanchez Evelyn , Perales Rosa , Zeña Brandon , Calcina Isique Juan Fernando , Reategui Jaime , Castañeda Benjamin , Casado Fanny L.
Published: March 2022

The Covid-19 outbreak challenged health systems around the world to design and implement cost-effective devices produced locally to meet the increased demand of mechanical ventilators worldwide. This study evaluates the physiological responses of healthy swine maintained under volume- or pressure-controlled mechanical ventilation by a mechanical ventilator implemented to bring life-support by automating a resuscitation bag and closely controlling ventilatory parameters. Physiological parameters were monitored in eight sedated animals (t0) prior to inducing deep anaesthesia, and during the next six hours of mechanical ventilation (t1-7). Hemodynamic conditions were monitored periodically using a portable gas analyser machine (i.e. BEecf, carbonate, SaO2, lactate, pH, PaO2, PaCO2) and a capnometer (i.e. ETCO2). Electrocardiogram, echocardiography and lung ultrasonography were performed to detect in vivo alterations in these vital organs and pathological findings from necropsy were reported. The mechanical ventilator properly controlled physiological levels of blood biochemistry such as oxygenation parameters (PaO2, PaCO2, SaO2, ETCO2), acid-base equilibrium (pH, carbonate, BEecf), and perfusion of tissues (lactate levels). In addition, histopathological analysis showed no evidence of acute tissue damage in lung, heart, liver, kidney, or brain. All animals were able to breathe spontaneously after undergoing mechanical ventilation. These preclinical data, supports the biological safety of the medical device to move forward to further evaluation in clinical studies.
Analysing the impact of COVID-19 risk perceptions on route choice behaviour in train networks
Authors: Shelat Sanmay , van de Wiel Thijs , Molin Eric , van Lint J. W. C. , Cats Oded
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Unlike previous pandemics, COVID-19 has sustained over a relatively longer period with cyclical infection waves and numerous variants. Public transport ridership has been hit particularly hard. To restore travellers’ confidence it is critical to assess their risk determinants and trade-offs.

Methods

To this end, we survey train travellers in the Netherlands in order to: (i) quantify the impact of trip-specific, policy-based, and pandemic-related attributes on travellers’ COVID-19 risk perceptions; and (ii) evaluate the trade-off between this risk perception and other travel attributes. Adopting the hierarchical information integration approach, in a two-stage stated preference experiment, respondents are asked to first rate how risky they perceive different travel situations to be, and then to choose between different travel options that include their own perceived risk rating as an attribute. Perceived risk ratings and choices between travel options are modelled using a linear regression and a mixed multinomial logit model, respectively.

Results

We find that on-board crowding and infection rates are the most important factors for risk perception. Amongst personal characteristics, the vulnerability of family and friends has the largest impact—nearly twice that of personal health risk. The bridging choice experiment reveals that while values of time have remained similar to pre-pandemic estimates, travellers are significantly more likely to choose routes with less COVID-19 risk (e.g., due to lower crowding). Respondents making longer trips by train value risk four times as much as their shorter trip counterparts. By combining the two models, we also report willingness to pay for mitigating factors: reduced crowding, mask mandates, and increased sanitization.

Conclusion

Since we evaluate the impact of a large number of variables on route choice behaviour, we can use the estimated models to predict behaviour under detailed pandemic scenarios. Moreover, in addition to highlighting the importance of COVID-19 risk perceptions in public transport route choices, the results from this study provide valuable information regarding the mitigating impacts of various policies on perceived risk.
Genetic and hosts characterization of hantaviruses in port areas in Hainan Province, P. R. China
Authors: Wang Qiu-wei , Tao Li , Lu Su-ying , Zhu Chang-qiang , Ai Le-le , Luo Yizhe , Yu Rong-bin , Lv Heng , Zhang Yun , Wang Chong-cai , Tan Wei-long
Published: March 2022

Background

Hantaviruses (HVs) are major zoonotic pathogens in China that cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) posing a major threat to people’s health. Hainan Province, an island located in Southeast China, is an ideal region for sea ports. The unique tropical monsoon climate in Hainan provides sufficient living conditions for rodents, which help spread HVs and other rodent-borne diseases. In the routine monitoring of hantavirus, there was no evidence that rodents in Hainan carried hantavirus. No patients infected with hantavirus were found in the past. However, the surveillance of HVs-carrying rodents covering the whole territory of Hainan has not stopped.

Methodology/principal findings

For the monitoring of the prevalence of HVs in rodents and the search for theoretical reference for rodent control and HFRS prevention, a total of 60 rodents from 6 monitoring spots were trapped around main ports in Hainan between 2016 and 2019. HV positive samples were identified by a specific kit and sequenced. The data indicated that seven rodents (Rattus norvegicus) were positive for hantavirus with a positivity rate of 11.67%. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the two complete sequence strains HN1 and HN4 in this research were highly similar to the sequence strains GZRn36 and GZRn148 isolated in Guangdong Province, and they located in the same phylogenetic tree branch which belongs to S2 subtype. Although the two partial sequences HT1 and HT2 isolated in Xisha Islands belong to S2 subtype according to the phylogenetic tree of L segment, they showed a great nucleotide difference with HN1 and HN4. We also found 13 amino acid variations compared with SEOV 80–39 and 6 amino acid mutations related to epitope, and the variations may reduce the effectiveness of the current HFRS vaccines used in humans.

Conclusions/significance

The study indicated HVs carried by rodents found in Hainan Province may be transmitted from Guangdong Province through trading ports and carriage of goods by sea. So it is of great significance to strengthen the surveillance of rodents in port areas especially capture and eliminate rodents on ship. Timely elimination of host animals of hantavirus in port areas is necessary to prevent an outbreak of HVs disease.
Hyaluronan receptor CD44: developmentally regulated expression and role in the early chick embryo
Authors: Konstantopoulos Konstantinos , Dimiropoulos Alexandros , Zagris Nikolas
Published: March 2022

CD44 is a membrane glycoprotein and is the main receptor for hyaluronan. We studied CD44 expression and spatio-temporal distribution by RT-PCR and immunofluorescence, and used an anti-CD44 blocking antibody to perturb CD44-depended signalling programs in the early chick embryo. The intense CD44 levels we detected in the morula embryo (XI) were of particular interest, suggestive of a maternally stored transcript. Intriguingly, the early presence of CD44 seemed to be essential for the rapid synthesis of hyaluronan. At stage XIII (blastula), CD44 expression was intense in the epiblast and hypoblast. During gastrulation (HH3-4), the cells ingressing into the primitive groove and migrating, and the blood islands, expressed CD44 intensely. At HH8, the folding neural plate showed polarity regulation of CD44 expression, and expression was also intense in neural crest, notochord, and blood islands. During early organogenesis, CD44 was expressed intensely in the developing cranial and caudal neural tube that showed polarity regulation, in optic stalks, otic vesicles, pre-and migratory neural crest cells, ganglia, notochord, pharynx, gut, liver, aortae, heart, somites, vascular area, amnion and chorion, and was distinct in extracellular matrix of cranial neural tube and otic vesicle lumens. Antibody-mediated perturbation of CD44 function resulted in unorganized extracellular matrix, loss of tissue spaces, grossly abnormal notochord, intermingling of clumped neuroectoderm and mesenchyme, absence of somites and blood vessels and inhibition of neural crest cell emigration. CD44 has various pivotal roles in matrix integrity and tissue patterning, consistent with its known biochemical features and interactions with hyaluronan, growth factors, receptors and other signaling molecules.
Ethnic diversity in STEM in the United States
Authors:   Institute for Scientific Information, Halevi Gali , Beardsley Ryan
Published: March 2022

This, our first ISI Insights paper, combines self-identification data from the U.S Census with the uniquely structured and curated Web of Science™ data to examine the issue of diversity in scientific publishing.
ENGINEERING OF DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGICAL PREPARATION OF PRODUCTION
Authors: Zubarev Yu. M. , Solntsev N. N. , Weber A. V. , Vedenov V. N. , Barsukov V. A.
Published: March 2022

The article deals with issues related to ensuring the quality of products and their reliability, which is provided, starting from the preliminary design, design, modeling, production and disposal. Thus, the reliability of the product design is evaluated at all stages of its life cycle. Two main periods of the life cycle are considered – the development and modeling of new products, the second - its development, production and implementation. When mastering the production of new equipment, an important place is given to the formation and development of technologies that also have their own life cycle and affect the profit and competitiveness of the manufactured product.
VIBRATION PROTECTION OF ON-BOARD ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT FROM EXTERNAL INFLUENCES
Authors: Rezchikova E. V. , Luong Q. L.
Published: March 2022

The article is devoted to the problems of protection of on-board electronic equipment (BEA) from vibration effects. To ensure BEA protection, it is necessary to know the characteristics and conditions of external influences and, in accordance with this, choose a method to reduce their influence on the BEA performance. The article discusses the most common ways to reduce the impact of mechanical external influences, and also provides analytical calculations of the printed circuit board and their correlation with the results of mathematical modeling. The developed technique for modeling vibration effects on the printed circuit assembly allows you to more effectively evaluate the physical characteristics of the product, thereby avoiding design errors and inaccuracies.
THE METHOD FOR IMPLEMENTING SEMANTIC INTEROPERABILITY OF FACTOGRAPHIC DATA OF OPERATIONAL DOCUMENTATION OF LARGE PRODUCTION SYSTEMS
Authors: Polishuk Yu. V.
Published: March 2022

The creation and operation of large production systems (LPS), consisting of a set of enterprises and organizations, characterized by their complex interaction, is one of the directions of industrial development in our country. The advantage of the LPS is to increase the efficiency of its functioning, build up scientific potential, and coordinate the enterprises and organizations that are part of it. The production activity of any enterprise is associated with solving the problems of making management decisions, which is based on the processing of exploitative factographic data. By the exploitative content of an enterprise, we mean significant information content for the process of its operation, which is stored in the form of an information resource (for example, an electronic document). Factographic data allow you to monitor the current state of the enterprise, to determine the strategic, tactical, exploitative goals and objectives of the enterprise, to develop well-grounded and timely management decisions. The processing of exploitative factographic data of operational content requires the involvement of additional resources for its processing, which is explained by the low formalizability of the exploitative content and the lack of implementation of semantic interoperability. Semantic interoperability is understood as “the ability of any information systems interacting in the process of communication to understand in the same way the meaning of the information they exchange”. Thus, the actual problem of the operation of large production systems is the implementation of the semantic interoperability of factual data of operational documentation, which will allow the use of a universal algorithm for their processing. The main directions of approaches to the implementation of semantic interoperability are considered and their shortcomings are identified. An approach to the implementation of semantic interoperability based on the use of semistructure of exploitative factual content of electronic documents is proposed. As part of the work, a practical example of the implementation of the proposed approach is given on the example of processing the results of hydrodynamic studies of gas wells. A universal method of marking factographic data in the content of electronic MS Word documents by means of their semistructure models is proposed, which implements support for their semantic interoperability and automated processing for all MS Word document formats implemented on the basis of XML technology.
ALGORITHM FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF EXUDATES IN IMAGES OF THE HUMAN RETINA
Authors: Komkova S. V.
Published: March 2022

Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes that affects the human eye. One of the very first signs of the disease is the appearance of a wound (exudate), which occurs due to the presence of changes in the blood vessels. Early detection of exudates will reduce the likelihood of developing blindness in patients with diabetic retinopathy. One of the problems in the process of detecting exudates is that the size of the object is quite small compared to the general image, so the task of detecting them is relevant at the present time. This article proposes an algorithm for identifying exudates in images of the human retina. This algorithm includes three main stages, namely: removal of the optic nerve head, determination of the location of the exudate and segmentation of the exudate. Optical disc removal is performed using the middle circle algorithm. In the step of detecting the location of the exudate, the image will be divided into smaller images and then classified into an exudate area and a non-exudate area based on the brightness threshold. Segmentation of the area of exudate is performed using the method of visibility. The study of the operation of the algorithm was carried out on a sample from the DIARETDB1 database by calculating the values of accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. The average accuracy of the proposed algorithm reached 99,33 %, the sensitivity and specificity of the proposed algorithm was 81,65 % and 99,42 %, respectively, which shows that the proposed method can segment exudate well.
Design and Modeling of Catamaran Flat Plate Ship with Bottom Glass Concept to Improve Tourism Underwater in Bangsring Banyuwangi
Authors: Hidayat Ahmad , Inprasetyobudi Hery , Darma Yeddid Yonatan Eka
Published: March 2022

The beauty of the beach and underwater of Bangsring beach make this beach one of the leading destinations in Banyuwangi Regency. However, until today how to enjoy the beauty of the underwater can exclusively be done by diving or snorkeling, which is quite troublesome and exhausting, especially for tourists who want to enjoy and looking entertainment in a simpler way. So the concept of bottom-glass in this design is offered as a problem solving in this study, while the concept of flat plate and flat-bottom is carried out to efficiently time and cost of shipbuilding, because with this flat plate concept, there is no rolling and other material bending process. The design of the main dimensions is made based on owner requirements are obtained based on field study and literature studies, then the main parameters are obtained (LOA = 12 m, total B = 5.6 m, B each hull = 0.94 m, hull spacing = 3.72 m, T = 0.7 m, H = 1.85 m, Vs = 10 knots). To maximize the design, 4 ship models were designed with these primary parameters, based on the analysis of resistance using Maxsurf Resistance, model 4 with a maximum resistance of 4.3 kN was chosen which tend to be more effective compared with the designs of model 1, model 2, and model 3 which has a maximum resistance of 8 kN, 4.9 kN and 5.3 kN. The results of the stability analysis carried out in this design with the load case 100%, 80%, 60%, 40%, and 20%, has met all requirements for intact stability IMO MSC.36 (63) for HSC multihull Annex 7.
A Single Past and Multiple Memory Techniques: Remembering the Cold War Period in the Cultural Landscape of the Hungarian Part of the Fertő/Neusiedlersee UNESCO World Heritage Site
Authors: Harlov-Csortán Melinda
Published: March 2022

The Cultural Landscape of the Fertő/Neusiedlersee Region in Hungary during the Cold War.
Using Artificial Intelligence for Analyzing Retinal Images (OCT) in People with Diabetes: Detecting Diabetic Macular Edema Using Deep Learning Approach
Authors: Daghistani Tahani
Published: March 2022

Medical imaging evolved rapidly to play a vital role in diagnosis and treatment of a disease.  Automate analysis of medical image analysis has increased effectively through the use of deep learning techniques to obtain much quicker classifications once trained and learn relevant features for specific tasks, shown to be assessable in clinical practice and valuable tool to support decision making in medical field. Within Opthalmology, Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a volumetric imaging procedure that uses in the diagnosis, monitoring and measuring response to treatment in eyes. Early detection of eyes diseases including Diabetic Macular Edema (DME) is vital process to avoid complications such as blindness. This work employed a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) based method for DME classification task. To demonstrate the impact of convolutional, five models with different Convolutional layers built then the best one selected based on evaluation metrics. The accuracy of model improved while increasing the number of Convolutional Layers and achieved 82% by 5-Convolutional Layer,  Precision and Recall of CNN model per DME class was 87%% and 74%, respectively. These results highlighted the potential of deep learning in assisting decision-making in patients with DME.
Kompetencje organów Sejmu i Senatu związane z ochroną powagi izb
Authors: Malec-Lewandowski Paweł
Published: March 2022

The article concerns the competences of the organs of the Sejm and the Senate related to protecting the dignity of the chambers. These competences were established as a part of a reaction to the course of the so-called “Sejm crisis”, consisting in the occupation, initially, of the Sejm’s rostrum and then the Sejm’s Meeting Room by MPs from opposition parties at the turn of 2016 and 2017. Using the dogmatic method, the publication aims to define the essence of competences, their applicable and planned regulations, and to evaluate these regulations and formulate possible de lege ferenda postulates on the basis of this evaluation. The main thesis of the article includes a negative evaluation of the applicable regulations of competences due to their contradiction with certain provisions of the Constitution, in particular with Art. 2 of the Constitution, i.e. within the framework of the principle of a democratic state ruled by law established in this provision and the resulting, inter alia, principles of decent legislation, including the principle of the specificity of law, as well as Art. 54 sec. 1 in connection with Art. 31 sec. 3 of the Constitution (i.e. the freedom of expression), Art. 11 of the Constitution (i.e. the freedom to establish and freedom of activity of political parties within the scope of the purpose of their activity, which is to influence on state policy by democratic methods) and Art. 32 of the Constitution (i.e. the principle of equality of political parties resulting from the principle of political pluralism). In this context, the most important is the risk of the so-called “chilling effect”. The publication also includes a positive evaluation of a few of the planned regulations of competences, which may allow for the elimination of the above contradictions or ensure a more complete implementation of the objective of competences, including guaranteeing the dignity of the chambers.
Amanda Pescovitz, Rights Lost in Translation: International Human Rights Law and the States Obligations to Immigrant Language Populations (Prawa zgubione w tłumaczeniu: międzynarodowe prawo ochrony praw człowieka a obowiązki państw wobec imigranckich mniejszości językowych), „George Washington International Law Review” 2020, vol. 52, no. 3
Authors: Narożniak Agnieszka
Published: March 2022

Amanda Pescovitz, Rights Lost in Translation: International Human Rights Law and the States Obligations to Immigrant Language Populations (Prawa zgubione w tłumaczeniu: międzynarodowe prawo ochrony praw człowiekaa obowiązki państw wobec imigranckich mniejszości językowych), „George Washington International Law Review” 2020, vol. 52, no. 3
Matthiew Ormsbee, The Fifth Instrument of National Power: How Mass Migrations Impact National Security (Piąty instrument potęgi narodowej: jak masowe migracje wpływają na bezpieczeństwo narodowe), „Creighton Law Review” 2021, vol. 54, no. 3, s. 381–410
Authors: Narożniak Agnieszka
Published: March 2022

Matthiew Ormsbee, The Fifth Instrument of National Power: How Mass Migrations Impact National Security (Piąty instrument potęgi narodowej: jak masowe migracje wpływają na bezpieczeństwo narodowe), „Creighton Law Review” 2021, vol. 54, no. 3, s. 381–410
Nguyen’s tridents and the classification of semigraphical translators for mean curvature flow
Authors: Hoffman David , Martín Francisco , White Brian
Published: March 2022

We construct a one-parameter family of singly periodic translating solutions to mean
curvature flow that converge as the period tends to 0 to the union of a grim reaper surface
and a plane that bisects it lengthwise. The surfaces are semigraphical: they are properly embedded,
and, after removing a discrete
collection of vertical lines, they are graphs.
We also provide a nearly complete classification of semigraphical translators.
Spectral description of Fredholm operators via polynomially Riesz operators perturbation
Authors: Abdmouleh Faiçal , Khlif Hassen , Walha Ines
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we establish some spectral analysis in Fredholm theory involving the concept of a polynomially Riesz operators perturbation. Moreover, we apply the obtained results to analyze the incidence of some essential spectra of a perturbed operator via this kind of perturbation. Our approach allows us to investigate a new description in the theory of unbounded operator matrices defined with maximal domain via this kind of perturbation. Finally, we conclude by presenting some progress in the theory of polynomially operators and the theory of semi-Fredholm and semi-Browder operators.
Rheological Characterization of Sulfuric Acid Solutions of Poly(p-phenyleneterephthalamide)
Authors: Kim B. C. , Hwang S. S. , Kim K. U.
Published: March 2022

Several grades of poly(p-phenyleneterephthalamide) (PPD-T) with different molecular weights were prepared. The rheological properties of sulfuric acid solutions of PPD-T were measured. In the vicinity of the critical concentration tan <5 and η'/G' exhibited a minimum value, but G'/2G" and η* showed a maximum value. High concentrations produce an anisotropic phase. Tendencies of yield behavior were observed for these solutions in the anisotropic phase. Above the saturated concentration the solution system showed gel-like properties, i. e., with increasing concentration abrupt reduction of G'/2G” and abrupt increases of η*, η'/G' and tan δ were observed. With increasing temperature the viscosity of isotropic and anisotropic phases was decreased but that of biphase was increased. The critical concentration was reduced with increasing molecular weight, but increased with increasing temperature. Use of reduced variables seemed to eliminate molecular weight dependency on the critical concentration curve. The shear viscosity appeared to be proportional to (Mw)6,7.
Characterization of Distributive Mixing in Polymer Processing Equipment using Renyi Entropies
Authors: Wang W. , Manas-Zloczower I. , Kaufman M.
Published: March 2022

A new method for characterization of distributive mixing in processing equipment, based on Renyi entropies, was developed. This method was applied to a twin-flight single screw extruder, in which tracer positions were determined through computer simulations of the flow field. The various entropies were calculated using particle concentrations in equal area domains of the mixer. Renyi entropies, which are function of a parameter β, were calculated for extruders of different lengths. We discuss the merit of using Renyi entropies for different values of β by pointing to the different mixing characteristics they probe. The relative Renyi entropy varies between 0 and 1 and represents a measure of distributive mixing quality, with 1 corresponding to perfect mixing and 0 corresponding to poorest mixing. We compare this new method of distributive mixing characterization to traditional ones based on the concepts of Scale and Intensity of Segregation, and the calculations based on Pairwise Correlations and Correlation Sums. The results show good agreement between the relative Renyi entropy and the traditional methods. Other advantages of the Renyi entropy such as reduced calculation time and geometric independence are discussed. For the case of a twin-flight single screw extruder, it is shown that a longer extruder is not necessarily more beneficial to distributive mixing.
Direct Method for Deconvoluting Two Residence Time Distribution Curves
Authors: Canevarolo S. V. , Mélo T. J. A. , Covas J. A. , Carneiro O. S.
Published: March 2022

A pair of related Residence Time Distribution (RTD) curves obtained experimentally during extrusion, are deconvoluted using a methodology based on the concept of equivalent residence times. Two points of two RTD curves are equivalent when the same percentage of tracer has exited the system. The time scale of the deconvoluted curve is obtained by subtracting the two equivalent time values of the available RTD curves. The method was tested using simulated pulse-shaped RTD curves and also carrying out measurements on a twin screw extruder. Despite the experimental errors involved, the two tests seem to demonstrate the usefulness of the approach.
Orientation and Mechanical Properties of Extrusion Cast PA 12 Films in Biaxial Stretching Process
Authors: Rhee S. , White J. L.
Published: March 2022

The levels in biaxial orientations and mechanical properties of stretched extrusion cast polyamide 12 films were investigated with birefringence, wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) pole figure and mechanical testing. Introduction of a pseudo-orthogonal crystalline symmetry enabled the calculation of White-Spruiell biaxial orientation factors using WAXD pole figure data. The orientation was uniaxial or biaxial depending on the stretch ratios along two principal stretching directions that are the machine direction (MD) and the transverse direction (TD). According to the WAXD pole figure patterns, planar alignments of hydrogen bonded layers were formed with respect to the film surface from most of the stretched films. Balanced stretching at higher stretch ratios enhanced the planarity. It was found that the mechanical properties (tensile strength and elongation at break) of the films had a close correlation with the out-of-plane birefringences.
Flow Marks in Injection Molding of PP
Authors: Mathieu L. , Stockmann L. , Haudin J.M. , Monasse B. , Vincent M. , Barthez J.-M. , Charmeau J.-Y. , Durand V. , Gazonnet J.-P. , Roux D. C.
Published: March 2022

Flow marks in injection moulding is quite often encountered on different type of polymers. This defects is known as successive and periodic bright and dull bands oriented perpendicular to the flow direction. Their appearances meanly depend on processing and observation conditions. This study was lead on two industrial polypropylene polymers with a simplified polished rectangular mould geometry. We show that this defect appears during the filling stage and comes from a local change of morphological and molecular orientation along the filling direction on the surface. An instability of the flow front due to a limited sliding at the contact combined to the strong changed of molecular orientation before and after the stagnation point are invoked to explain this instability.
Analysis of Film Blowing with Flow-enhanced Crystallization
Authors: Henrichsen L. K. , McHugh A. J.
Published: March 2022

An analysis of the steady-state film blowing process based on a two-phase constitutive model that accounts for flow-enhanced crystallization is presented. The amorphous melt phase is represented by a multi-mode Giesekus constitutive equation with a transformation-dependent relaxation time and the semi-crystalline phase is represented by a rigid rod model. The relaxation times in the two constitutive equations are linked by an Avrami, temperature-dependent rate expression which contains a term in the Helmholtz free energy to account for flow-enhancement. Comparisons are made to experimental data for film blowing of linear low density (LLDPE) and low density (LDPE) polyethylenes. Excellent fits for the bubble radius, temperature, and crystallinity are shown. It is also shown that the ratio of amorphous stress to total stress at the “lock-in” point provides an excellent correlating variable for the elongation to break and yield strength properties of the as-blown film. Inclusion of multiple relaxation times in the Giesekus model offers insights on the controlling role of the maximum relaxation time in the stress profiles and locking-in behavior due to crystallization.
A Composite Model for Melting, Pressure and Fill Factor Profiles in a Metered Fed Closely Intermeshing Counter-rotating Twin Screw Extruder
Authors: Wilczynski K. , Jiang Q. , White J. L.
Published: March 2022

A composite model of solids conveying, melting and melt flow in a closely intermeshing counter-rotating twin-screw extruder of modular design has been developed. This is based on combining melt conveying models with new melting and solids conveying models. Computations are made for axial fill factor, pressure, temperature and melting profiles. The results are compared with experiment.
Disruptions due to COVID-19: using mixed methods to identify factors influencing language maintenance and shift
Authors: Abtahian Maya Ravindranath , Nagy Naomi , Pabst Katharina , Elango Vidhya
Published: March 2022

Around the world, COVID-19 lockdowns have caused abrupt shifts in the amount of time spent at home versus out of the home for work, school, and recreation. As a result, many individuals have experienced a disruption in the frequency and type of their interactions. Given the importance of intergenerational transmission and intergenerational interaction for promoting language maintenance, and the importance of peer-to-peer interaction for promoting language shift, we ask how these abrupt changes necessitated by social distancing will affect language use and attitudes, specifically short- and long-term language maintenance or shift involving heritage languages. We examine principles of language maintenance and shift in the context of the COVID-19 lockdown for university students, people still involved in critical acts of identity creation. Here we describe a survey designed to learn how the lockdown is affecting young people’s language ecologies and attitudes. Using both quantitative and qualitative interpretive methods, we document the experiences of over 400 students, focusing on changes in their perceptions of their language use and the causes of these changes.
Recent developments in MIL-101 metal organic framework for heterogeneous catalysis
Authors: Taghizadeh Majid , Tahami Saba
Published: March 2022

Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are currently gaining considerable attention as heterogeneous catalysts. Since the functionality of the framework and the pore size of the MOFs can be adjusted over a wide range for various catalytic reactions, the usage of these materials as solid catalysts is attractive. One of the preferred catalytic mesoMOFs is MIL-101 (MIL: Material of Institute Lavoisier) family which has been mainly investigated. The large surface area, high pore volumes, and acceptable solvent/thermal stability (MIL-101(Cr) up to 300 °C) have led the MIL-101 family to be considered an ideal and widespread MOF for use as a great heterogeneous catalyst or solid support for a variety of reactions. The objective of this review is to present recent research on the use of the MIL-101 family for heterogeneous catalysis in gas and liquid phase reactions.
A nyelvjáráshoz fűződő földrajzi és nyelvi szempontú attitűdvizsgálat pécsi gimnazisták körében
Authors:   Pécsi Árpád Fejedelem Grammar and Primary School, Molnár Mária ,   University of Pécs, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Linguistics
Published: March 2022

This research project has investigated the attitude of grammar school students in Pécs towards dialects. This study has been carried out by involving 192 students in the modified matched guise technique, focusing on the effect of geographic factors on students’ judgement of language variations. According to the preliminary hypotheses, the attitude towards dialects is unanimously judgmental, whereas negative opinion is significantly dominant in case of cognitive factors. Results also show that students who live in villages have a less negative opinion about the dialect speaker than those who come from towns. Contrary to the assumptions, the positive image of the Hungarian village does not influence the discriminative attitude towards the dialect and its speaker.
An integrated approach to providing care for people who have been trafficked
Authors: Robitz Rachel , Tasarz Jacqueline , Chambers Ron
Published: March 2022

People who have been trafficked often have complex medical and psychiatric needs. Integrated care is a treatment approach that may be used to improve the care of this population. The authors describe the integrated care model and how it may be applied to this population. They also describe some of the benefits and challenges of using an integrated care model with this population.
Dendritic Domain-Specific Sampling of Long-Range Axons Shapes Feedforward and Feedback Connectivity of L5 Neurons
Authors: Galloni Alessandro R. , Ye Zhiwen , Rancz Ede
Published: March 2022

Feedforward and feedback pathways interact in specific dendritic domains to enable cognitive functions such as predictive processing and learning. Based on axonal projections, hierarchically lower areas are thought to form synapses primarily on dendrites in middle cortical layers, whereas higher-order areas are thought to target dendrites in layer 1 and in deep layers. However, the extent to which functional synapses form in regions of axodendritic overlap has not been extensively studied. Here, we use viral tracing in the secondary visual cortex of male mice to map brain-wide inputs to thick-tufted layer 5 pyramidal neurons. Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive map of input locations through subcellular optogenetic circuit mapping. We show that input pathways target distinct dendritic domains with far greater specificity than appears from their axonal branching, often deviating substantially from the canonical patterns. Common assumptions regarding the dendrite-level interaction of feedforward and feedback inputs may thus need revisiting.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPerception and learning depend on the ability of the brain to shape neuronal representations across all processing stages. Long-range connections across different hierarchical levels enable diverse sources of contextual information, such as predictions or motivational state, to modify feedforward signals. Assumptions regarding the organization of this hierarchical connectivity have not been extensively verified. Here, we assess the synaptic connectivity of brain-wide projections onto pyramidal neurons in the visual cortex of mice. Using trans-synaptic viral tracing and subcellular optogenetic circuit mapping, we show that functional synapses do not follow the consistent connectivity rule predicted by their axonal branching patterns. These findings highlight the diversity of computational strategies operating throughout cortical networks and may aid in building better artificial networks.