bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BAR INSTABILITY IN DISK–HALO SYSTEMS
Authors: Sellwood J. A.
Published: March 2016

We show that the exponential growth rate of a bar in a stellar disk is substantially greater when the disk is embedded in a live halo than in a rigid one having the same mass distribution. We also find that the vigor of the instability in disk–halo systems varies with the shape of the halo velocity ellipsoid. Disks in rigid halos that are massive enough to be stable by the usual criteria, quickly form bars in isotropic halos and much greater halo mass is needed to avoid a strong bar; thus stability criteria derived for disks in rigid halos do not apply when the halo is responsive. The study presented here is of an idealized family of models with near uniform central rotation and that lack an extended halo; we present more realistic models with extended halos in a companion paper. The puzzle presented by the absence of strong bars in some galaxies having gently rising inner rotation curves is compounded by the results presented here.
SPITZER PARALLAX OF OGLE-2015-BLG-0966: A COLD NEPTUNE IN THE GALACTIC DISK
Authors: Street R. A. , Udalski A. , Novati S. Calchi , Hundertmark M. P. G. , Zhu W. , Gould A. , Yee J. , Tsapras Y. , Bennett D. P. ,   (The RoboNet Project & MiNDSTEp Consortium), Jørgensen U. G. , Dominik M. , Andersen M. I. , Bachelet E. , Bozza V. , Bramich D. M. , Burgdorf M. J. , Cassan A. , Ciceri S. , D’Ago G. , Dong Subo , Evans D. F. , Gu Sheng-hong , Harkonnen H. , Hinse T. C. , Horne Keith , Jaimes R. Figuera , Kains N. , Kerins E. , Korhonen H. , Kuffmeier M. , Mancini L. , Menzies J. , Mao S. , Peixinho N. , Popovas A. , Rabus M. , Rahvar S. , Ranc C. , Rasmussen R. Tronsgaard , Scarpetta G. , Schmidt R. , Skottfelt J. , Snodgrass C. , Southworth J. , Steele I. A. , Surdej J. , Unda-Sanzana E. , Verma P. , Essen C. von , Wambsganss J. , Wang Yi-Bo. , Wertz O. ,   (The OGLE Project), Poleski R. , Pawlak M. , Szymański M. K. , Skowron J. , Mróz P. , Kozłowski S. , Wyrzykowski Ł. , Pietrukowicz P. , Pietrzyński G. , Soszyński I. , Ulaczyk K. ,   (The Spitzer Team), Beichman C. , Bryden G. , Carey S. , Gaudi B. S. , Henderson C. B , Pogge R. W. , Shvartzvald Y. ,   (The MOA Collaboration), Abe F. , Asakura Y. , Bhattacharya A. , Bond I. A. , Donachie M. , Freeman M. , Fukui A. , Hirao Y. , Inayama K. , Itow Y. , Koshimoto N. , Li M. C. A. , Ling C. H. , Masuda K. , Matsubara Y. , Muraki Y. , Nagakane M. , Nishioka T. , Ohnishi K. , Oyokawa H. , Rattenbury N. , Saito To. , Sharan A. , Sullivan D. J. , Sumi T. , Suzuki D. , Tristram J. , Wakiyama Y. , Yonehara A. ,   (KMTNet Modeling Team), Han C. , Choi J.-Y. , Park H. , Jung Y. K. , Shin I.-G.
Published: March 2016

We report the detection of a cold Neptune m
planet = 21 ± 2 M
⊕ orbiting a 0.38 M
⊙ M dwarf lying 2.5–3.3 kpc toward the Galactic center as part of a campaign combining ground-based and Spitzer observations to measure the Galactic distribution of planets. This is the first time that the complex real-time protocols described by Yee et al., which aim to maximize planet sensitivity while maintaining sample integrity, have been carried out in practice. Multiple survey and follow up teams successfully combined their efforts within the framework of these protocols to detect this planet. This is the second planet in the Spitzer Galactic distribution sample. Both are in the near to mid-disk and are clearly not in the Galactic bulge.
MAGNETIC FIELDS IN EARLY PROTOSTELLAR DISK FORMATION
Authors: González-Casanova Diego F. , Lazarian Alexander , Santos-Lima Reinaldo
Published: March 2016

We consider formation of accretion disks from a realistically turbulent molecular gas using 3D MHD simulations. In particular, we analyze the effect of the fast turbulent reconnection described by the Lazarian & Vishniac model for the removal of magnetic flux from a disk. With our numerical simulations we demonstrate how the fast reconnection enables protostellar disk formation resolving the so-called “magnetic braking catastrophe.” In particular, we provide a detailed study of the dynamics of a 0.5 M
⊙ protostar and the formation of its disk for up to several thousands years. We measure the evolution of the mass, angular momentum, magnetic field, and turbulence around the star. We consider effects of two processes that strongly affect the magnetic transfer of angular momentum, both of which are based on turbulent reconnection: the first, “reconnection diffusion,” removes the magnetic flux from the disk; the other involves the change of the magnetic field's topology, but does not change the absolute value of the magnetic flux through the disk. We demonstrate that for the first mechanism, turbulence causes a magnetic flux transport outward from the inner disk to the ambient medium, thus decreasing the coupling of the disk to the ambient material. A similar effect is achieved through the change of the magnetic field's topology from a split monopole configuration to a dipole configuration. We explore how both mechanisms prevent the catastrophic loss of disk angular momentum and compare both above turbulent reconnection mechanisms with alternative mechanisms from the literature.
PROBING THE CARBON–PHOSPHORUS BOND COUPLING IN LOW-TEMPERATURE PHOSPHINE (PH3)–METHANE (CH4) INTERSTELLAR ICE ANALOGUES
Authors: Turner Andrew M. , Abplanalp Matthew J. , Kaiser Ralf I.
Published: March 2016

Phosphine, which has now been confirmed around the carbon-rich star IRC+10216, provides the first example of a phosphorus-containing single bond in interstellar or circumstellar media. While four compounds containing both phosphorus and carbon have been discovered, none contain a carbon–phosphorus single bond. Here, we show that this moiety is plausible from the reaction of phosphine with methane in electron-irradiated interstellar ice analogues. Fractional sublimation allows for detection of individual products at distinct temperatures using reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ReTOF) coupled with vacuum ultraviolet photoionization. This method produced phosphanes and methylphosphanes as large as P8H10 and CH3P8H9, which demonstrates that a phosphorus–carbon bond can readily form and that methylphosphanes sublime at 12–17 K higher temperatures than the non-organic phosphanes. Also, irradiated ices of phosphine with deuterated-methane untangle the reaction pathways through which these methylphosphanes were formed and identified radical recombination to be preferred over carbene/phosphinidene insertion reactions. In addition, these ReTOF results confirm that CH3PH2 and CH6P2 can form via insertion of carbene and phosphinidene and that the methylenediphosphine (PH2CH2PH2) isomer forms in the ices, although methylphosphine (CH3P2H3) is likely the more abundant isomer and that phosphanes and organophosphanes preferentially fragment via the loss of a phosphino group when photoionized. While the formation of methylphosphine is overall endoergic, the intermediates produced by interactions with energetic electrons proceed toward methylphosphine favorably and barrierlessly and provide plausible mechanisms toward hitherto unidentified interstellar compounds.
DEEP MORPHOLOGICAL AND SPECTRAL STUDY OF THE SNR RCW 86 WITH FERMI-LAT
Authors: Ajello M. , Baldini L. , Barbiellini G. , Bastieri D. , Bellazzini R. , Bissaldi E. , Bloom E. D. , Bonino R. , Bottacini E. , Brandt T. J. , Bregeon J. , Bruel P. , Buehler R. , Caliandro G. A. , Cameron R. A. , Caragiulo M. , Cavazzuti E. , Charles E. , Chekhtman A. , Ciprini S. , Cohen-Tanugi J. , Condon B. , Costanza F. , Cutini S. , D’Ammando F. , Palma F. de , Desiante R. , Lalla N. Di , Mauro M. Di , Venere L. Di , Drell P. S. , Dubner G. , Dumora D. , Duvidovich L. , Favuzzi C. , Focke W. B. , Fusco P. , Gargano F. , Gasparrini D. , Giacani E. , Giglietto N. , Glanzman T. , Green D. A. , Grenier I. A. , Guiriec S. , Hays E. , Hewitt J. W. , Hill A. B. , Horan D. , Jogler T. , Jóhannesson G. , Jung-Richardt I. , Kensei S. , Kuss M. , Larsson S. , Latronico L. , Lemoine-Goumard M. , Li J. , Li L. , Longo F. , Loparco F. , Lovellette M. N. , Lubrano P. , Magill J. , Maldera S. , Manfreda A. , Mayer M. , Mazziotta M. N. , McEnery J. E. , Michelson P. F. , Mitthumsiri W. , Mizuno T. , Monzani M. E. , Morselli A. , Moskalenko I. V. , Negro M. , Nuss E. , Orienti M. , Orlando E. , Ormes J. F. , Paneque D. , Perkins J. S. , Pesce-Rollins M. , Piron F. , Pivato G. , Porter T. A. , Rainò S. , Rando R. , Razzano M. , Reimer A. , Reimer O. , Reposeur T. , Schmid J. , Schulz A. , Sgrò C. , Simone D. , Siskind E. J. , Spada F. , Spandre G. , Spinelli P. , Thayer J. B. , Tibaldo L. , Torres D. F. , Tosti G. , Troja E. , Uchiyama Y. , Vianello G. , Vink J. , Wood K. S. , Yassine M.
Published: March 2016

RCW 86 is a young supernova remnant (SNR) showing a shell-type structure at several wavelengths and is thought to be an efficient cosmic-ray (CR) accelerator. Earlier Fermi Large Area Telescope results reported the detection of γ-ray emission coincident with the position of RCW 86 but its origin (leptonic or hadronic) remained unclear due to the poor statistics. Thanks to 6.5 years of data acquired by the Fermi-LAT and the new event reconstruction Pass 8, we report the significant detection of spatially extended emission coming from RCW 86. The spectrum is described by a power-law function with a very hard photon index (

) in the 0.1–500 GeV range and an energy flux above 100 MeV of (

)

erg cm−2 s−1. Gathering all the available multiwavelength (MWL) data, we perform a broadband modeling of the nonthermal emission of RCW 86 to constrain parameters of the nearby medium and bring new hints about the origin of the γ-ray emission. For the whole SNR, the modeling favors a leptonic scenario in the framework of a two-zone model with an average magnetic field of 10.2 ± 0.7 μG and a limit on the maximum energy injected into protons of 2 × 1049 erg for a density of 1 cm−3. In addition, parameter values are derived for the north–east and south–west (SW) regions of RCW 86, providing the first indication of a higher magnetic field in the SW region.
Creativity of Dragutin Inkiostri as the Text of the Cultural Identity of the Balkans
Authors: Dimković Danijela Miodrag
Published: March 2016

AIM: This article is directly addressing to various aspects of the folklore heritage, postcolonial studies and their influence on the development of the national idea and creating a national culture that participates in the of cultural identity.METHODS: Home premise is that some models of colonial discourse considered in the theoretical concept of postcolonial studies, are being reflective on the Balkans as well. The tradition which constitutes of culture and art, as well as a selection of different practices, meanings, gender, class and racial identification. Perceiving the intangible cultural heritage, folk culture as the context of social and cultural development of contemporary cultural policy, art production and development of the creative sector.RESULTS: This kind of problematization seems necessary and appears as a form of reaction to the emergence of globalization, post-colonialism, imperialism, and similar forms of government which are based on various power relations as an increasingly intense process of continually pose challenges to understanding and redefining their own heritage in the context of finding a national, cultural and Balkan identity.CONCLUSION: In this context, creativity of Dragutin Inkiostri Medenjak (1866) during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century is being imposed as an appropriate choice for argument of the initial thesis.
Checklist of aquatic and marshy Monocotyledons from the Araguaia River basin, Brazilian Cerrado
Authors: Oliveira Adriana , Bove Claudia
Published: March 2016

The Araguaia River basin runs through the states of Goiás, Mato Grosso, Tocantins, and Pará, covering 373,000 Km2, mostly within the Brazilian Cerrado. The region has a wide variety of wetlands. The climate is characterized by high temperatures and strongly seasonal precipitation. There are two well defined seasons: the dry season (winter-spring) and the rainy season (summer- fall). The Araguaia River basin is dominated by plinthosoils that are found in low flat areas, poorly drained and prone to flooding, yielding wetland habitats of high plant diversity. Since the 1970s, human activities have led to reduction in both the diversity and area of wetlands. The construction of the Belém-Brasília highway and hydroelectric dams, as well as the expansion of agricultural and mining activities, have had major impacts on the region.

The flora diversity data of the Araguaia River basin was developed through field work, herbarium research, and use of a database (Species Link). The resulting checklist of 162 aquatic and marshy monocotyledons from the Araguaia River basin represents 20 families and 50 genera. Cyperaceae (51 spp.), Poaceae (39 spp.), and Eriocaulaceae (16 spp.) are the most representative families. Life form analysis indicates that helophytes predominate (98 spp.; 60.5%). One hundred one species are native to tropical and/or subtropical America and twenty one are endemic to Brazil. Ninety-three species are new occurrences for the Araguaia River basin. Among them, three species are reported in the Brazilian Cerrado for the first time. This work contributes to the understanding of aquatic plant diversity in the Cerrado and other savanna-like vegetation physiognomies; environments and habitats poorly understood taxonomically and undercollected generally.
Rotifers and lower crustaceans from South-western Iceland
Authors: Evtimova Vesela , Pandourski Ivan
Published: March 2016

Iceland has high availability of freshwater, and it is rich in brackish and coastal aquatic bodies. However, knowledge on rotifers and meiobenthic and planktonic crustaceans inhabiting these habitats is lacking, and the inland aquatic fauna in Iceland is relatively understudied in comparison with the fauna of adjacent marine ecosystems. The majority of past research focused on larger lakes with the exception of one study on rotifers from the 1950s (Bartoš 1951) and two more recent studies on crustacean fauna of shallow freshwater bodies (Novichkova et al. 2014, Scher et al. 2000). Data are particularly scarce for the south-western part of the country.

We studied the composition of selected invertebrate taxa in various aquatic (marine, brackish and freshwater) habitats from South-western Iceland with a focus on Rotifera, Cladocera and Copepoda. Samples were collected from 12 localities, including marine interstitial, freshwater temporary shallow pools, swamps, wet mosses, springs, and lakes (both brackish and freshwater). We found 39 taxa in total. Rotifera dominated the sampled water bodies, followed by Copepoda and Cladocera. Three of the recorded taxa are new for Iceland, of which two are rotifers [Trichocerca cf. mucosa (Stokes, 1896) and T. vernalis (Hauer, 1936)], and one is a marine copepod (Cyclopina gracilis Claus, 1862). For some of the sampled localities (Sikið and Leirvogsvatn Lakes, and some of the smaller habitats) we present the first data on their microinvertebrate fauna.
Serum Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Levels Lack Predictive Value in Patients with Active Ankylosing Spondylitis Treated with Golimumab
Authors: Braun Jürgen , Baraliakos Xenofon , Hermann Kay-Geert A. , Xu Stephen , Hsu Benjamin
Published: March 2016

Objective.

To assess vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) correlations with new bone formation and bone marrow edema in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) treated with golimumab (GOL).

Methods.

Following placebo control (through weeks 16 and 24), GO-RAISE (A Multicenter Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial of Golimumab, a Fully Human Anti-TNF-α Monoclonal Antibody, Administered Subcutaneously, in Subjects with Active Ankylosing Spondylitis; ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00265083) all patients received GOL; sera/images were available at weeks 0, 104, and 208. Lateral spinal radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were scored using the modified Stokes Ankylosing Spondylitis Spine Score (mSASSS) and the Ankylosing Spondylitis Spinal MRI activity score, respectively.

Results.

VEGF levels and the mSASSS did not significantly correlate. Logistic regression analyses showed no association between VEGF levels and an increased risk of syndesmophyte formation at weeks 104 and 208. Pretreatment/Week 14 VEGF did not predict MRI scores/changes at Week 104.

Conclusion.

Serum VEGF did not predict radiographic progression/spinal inflammation in patients receiving antitumor necrosis factor.
Représentations sociales des sans-abri. La mobilisation des Enfants de Don Quichotte à Paris
Authors: Colombo Annamaria , Pulzer Noémie , Parazelli Michel
Published: March 2016

La mobilisation des Enfants de Don Quichotte en hiver 2006-2007 visait à attirer l’attention politique et citoyenne sur les conditions des sans-abri à Paris. De par son caractère inhabituel, cette mobilisation a bouleversé les rapports entre les acteurs concernés par la question du sans-abrisme et du mal-logement à Paris et entraîné une reconfiguration de la prise en charge de ces populations. Sans nier les effets de cette mobilisation sur la prise en charge des sans-abri en France, cet article s’intéresse plutôt aux représentations des sans-abri et aux modalités de l’action à leur égard que l’analyse de ce « cas d’étude » permet de révéler.
Le mouvement abolitionniste français dans l’après-guerre
Authors: Mathieu Lilian
Published: March 2016

Relativement mal connue, la période 1946-1960 est importante dans l’histoire du mouvement français pour l’abolition de la réglementation de la prostitution. Cette séquence ne donne pas seulement lieu à une lutte pour la suppression, après la fermeture des maisons closes, du fichier médico-social obligatoire des prostituées. Elle est surtout celle d’un effacement des courants abolitionnistes historiques, liés à la bourgeoisie protestante et dont le discours associe traite des blanches et réglementarisme, au profit d’une mouvance nouvelle, issue du catholicisme social et promotrice d’une approche davantage sociale du phénomène prostitutionnel. C’est à cette mouvance, principalement incarnée par le Nid, que la conversion de la France à l’abolitionnisme va donner les moyens de prospérer à partir de 1960.
Manuel de direction en action sociale et médico-sociale
Authors: Lafore Robert
Published: March 2016

Les associations présentes dans le champ de l'action sociale vivent une tension qui est allée en s'exacerbant : précédant largement l'intervention publique et procédant d'initiatives plurielles et évolutives, la forme associative a abrité et rendu possible une appréhension de la société civile par elle-même, jouant ainsi le rôle de médiation collective entre les difficultés sociales vécues par les individus et leur émergence sur la scène du politique ; mais dans l'autre sens, devant mettre en ordre toutes ces initiatives pour leur donner une certaine cohérence dans le cadre des politiques sociales au moment de leur développement, la puissance publique a imposé tout un arsenal de sujétions et de contrôles pesant sur les activités des associations. Alors que cette tension, essentiellement par le truchement de corporations professionnelles qui liaient logique de la vocation et constructions scientifico-techniques des interventions, a pu trouver un équilibre gardant aux associations leur rôle médiateur, les mutations légales et réglementaires contemporaines mettent en cause aujourd'hui leur fonction de médiation collective. Cette situation, qui met logiquement les associations en difficultés, doit susciter une remobilisation autour de leur substance propre d'une part et d'autre part la construction d'un nouveau pacte avec la puissance publique.
Manuel de direction en action sociale et médico-sociale
Authors: Laforcade Michel
Published: March 2016

Le monde contemporain des directeurs du secteur social et médico-social, à dominante associative, reste traversé par de nombreuses tensions et contradictions. Dans ce chapitre, l'auteur propose d'abord une classification idéal-typique des différentes figures de directeur qu'il a pu observer. Puis il explore quelques hypothèses contextuelles et institutionnelles pour expliquer la tension majeure qu'il décèle entre le directeur dirigeant et le directeur manageant. Enfin, sous le titre « Questions vives », il s'interroge sur le sens du renforcement de la verticalité, sur la place de l'évaluation qu'il qualifie de « troisième directeur » et sur le problème de la taille des structures.
Manuel de direction en action sociale et médico-sociale
Authors: Jaeger Marcel
Published: March 2016

L'évaluation est une question centrale, objet de conflits et de résistances, qui oblige les cadres de direction à se préparer à deux challenges : surmonter les résistances des professionnels, y compris les leurs ; construire des stratégies pour mettre en place les procédures d'évaluation interne et d'évaluation externe telles qu'elles ont été voulues par le législateur. Cela nécessite une pédagogie de l'évaluation qui illustre une des dimensions d'avenir de la fonction de direction. En même temps, il s'agit de restituer la philosophie de l'évaluation, dont l'axe central est la réaffirmation de la place prééminente de l'usager, avant d'aborder les aspects plus pratiques de la procédure évaluative, les choix méthodologiques, les modalités techniques.
Manuel de direction en action sociale et médico-sociale
Authors: Noble François
Published: March 2016

L'évolution du secteur social et médico-social et ses effets sur les associations, les établissements et services et les professionnels bouleversent la manière d'exercer le pouvoir. Pour François Noble, c'est dans l'émergence d'un art de diriger en univers complexe et incertain qu'il convient dorénavant de situer la fonction de direction. Les fonctions traditionnelles de gestion et de management s'inscrivent en effet dans une action inspirée et guidée par la stratégie. Par délégation des dirigeants associatifs, à la condition d'une gouvernance de plein exercice, les directeurs généraux et les directeurs de niveau 1 deviennent des entrepreneurs sociaux. Chargés de traduire les valeurs et les orientations associatives en prestations de service à la personne, dans un contexte en pleine transformation, ils doivent anticiper, innover, piloter et accompagner le changement. De manière non exhaustive, François Noble s'emploie à circonscrire les conditions pour lui indispensables, pour entreprendre et pour réussir les projets de direction et les plans d'action managériaux nécessaires à l'adaptation du secteur associatif aux nouvelles donnes. Ainsi montre-t-il qu'il convient de différencier ce qui appartient en propre au directeur de ce qui le différencie du simple manager, à travers, notamment, la mise en œuvre d'une véritable politique des ressources humaines.
Manuel de direction en action sociale et médico-sociale
Authors: Paturet Jean-Bernard
Published: March 2016

Le titre de ce texte Ina mè skandalisthêté « Afin que vous ne trébuchiez pas » est volontairement provocant : en partant des problématiques douloureuses des entreprises contemporaines, des troubles qui traversent la gestion du personnel, de la crise des valeurs axées essentiellement sur la rentabilité, le profit et la performance, il met en question l'idée qui traverse actuellement, l'esprit de bon nombre de responsables de l'administration selon lequel l'entreprise devrait être le nouveau paradigme du social. Aussi ne faut-il pas « trébucher », et inverser le regard en rappelant les valeurs fondamentalement humanistes du champ social devrait plutôt servir de modèle à l'entreprise pour qu'elle puisse redonner toute sa place à l'être humain. L'axiologie spécifique au champ social (éthique, héritage, politique comme changement des places) entraîne un nouveau regard sur le métier de directeur qui ne le réduit pas à des fonctions de gestion, de maîtrise et de contrôle mais l'ouvre à la « vertu » et à l'art de saisir l'occasion ( kaïros ).
Manuel de direction en action sociale et médico-sociale
Authors: Fiat Éric
Published: March 2016

Décider n'est pas toujours chose aisée, et le directeur est confronté plus souvent qu'à son tour à des dilemmes, des apories. Mais il nous faudra montrer que si la difficulté à décider est souvent douloureuse, elle est aussi le signe de la liberté du décideur. Une fois travaillée la question de savoir dans quelle mesure l'homme qui délibère est libre, nous parierons sur la réalité de ladite liberté. Nous dirons alors quelles sont trop souvent les attitudes de celui qui peine à se décider (l'esquive, la tragédie, l'obstination), avant que de chercher chez Aristote et Montaigne les prolégomènes à une bonne décision.
Reconnaître les « zones grises » de l’observation : du trouble à la vigilance ethnographique
Authors: Namian Dahlia , Grimard Carolyne
Published: March 2016

La pratique de l’observation est balisée par un certain nombre de procédés méthodologiques qui permettent à tout chercheur prudent de préparer et contrôler un tant soit peu les paramètres de sa recherche. Or cette méthode est traversée en parallèle de « zones grises » qui, tout en mettant à l’épreuve le cadre « raisonnable » de ces procédés, laissent entrevoir des troubles ou des enjeux face auxquels les chercheurs font preuve de vigilance réflexive et s’engagent à maintenir une cohérence dans leur démarche d’enquête. Sur la base d’exemples tirés d’enquêtes, en anthropologie et en sociologie, et de nos propres démarches d’observation, nous discuterons plus spécifiquement de ces zones grises de l’observation via une typologie détaillant trois enjeux qui sont des occasions de trouble : la délimitation, la distanciation et l’identification. Sans être exhaustive, cette typologie attire l’attention sur les dimensions spatiales (tant géographiques, subjectives que sociales) de l’observation.
L’observation du local globalisé. L’exemple de l’espace social alimentaire polynésien
Authors: Serra Mallol Christophe
Published: March 2016

L’espace social, tout autant physique que symbolique, est déterminé par la dynamique des systèmes de relation d’un groupe considéré. Appliqué au champ de l’alimentation, il renvoie aux rapports d’un groupe social aux aliments à travers ses représentations et pratiques spatialement et temporellement situées. Du fait du caractère particulièrement normatif de l’alimentation et de son rapport à l’intime, l’observation directe constitue une méthode privilégiée pour faire apparaître des rapports à l’espace social alimentaire invisibles autrement. Au-delà des limites inhérentes à la méthode, nous nous intéresserons à son recours dans un espace « localisé », et à l’impact du phénomène de globalisation sur les cadres spatiaux de la recherche.
Le coût de la « mauvaise foi corporative »
Authors: Grégoire Yany , Legoux Renaud
Published: March 2016

En adoptant des pratiques discutables à l’endroit de ses clients, que ce soit en les facturant à outrance, en restant sourde à leurs plaintes ou en imposant des conditions déraisonnables, l’entreprise qui fait preuve de mauvaise foi risque d’avoir un fort prix à payer : la défection de sa clientèle !
Qu’adviendra-t-il après la tempête ?
Authors: Lafrance Sylvain , d’Amours Liette
Published: March 2016

Un véritable tsunami bouleverse actuellement l’industrie des médias. Tout change : les modèles d’affaires, les façons de faire, les contenus, les contenants et même les concurrents. Si bien que les principaux acteurs ne savent plus trop où tout cela les conduira. Une seule certitude demeure : les réponses d’hier ne suffisent déjà plus à assurer leurs lendemains.
Interprofessional Education: Selecting Faculty and Course Design, Part II
Authors: Bleich Michael R.
Published: March 2016

Selecting faculty and designing a course to accomplish the goals of interprofessional education are addressed in this article. Respect for other disciplines, knowledge of the paradigm from which the health professions have evolved, and creating learning outcomes that express complementary benefit to leadership development are described.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2016;47(3):106–108.
Preparing New Graduates for Interprofessional Teamwork: Effectiveness of a Nurse Residency Program
Authors: Hopkins Julie L. , Bromley Gail E.
Published: March 2016

The purpose of this project was to determine whether a nurse residency program was effective in improving satisfaction with new graduates' performance competence in interprofessional collaboration. This was a cross-sectional survey design, comparing the satisfaction ratings of nurse leaders and staff nurses at a mid-western academic medical center to national benchmark data obtained from the 2007 Nursing Practice Readiness Tool. The sample consisted of 149 nurses who worked in inpatient units where new graduates practice. Thirty-five had 1 year or less of experience in nursing and 114 had at least 2 years of experience. Managers, experienced nurses, and new graduate nurses varied in their satisfaction ratings regarding interprofessional collaboration. Satisfaction of new graduates' competencies by nurse managers and staff nurses were rated higher in each category, compared with the national study, with 63% of nurse leaders satisfied with new graduates' ability to communicate with the interprofessional team, compared with the national average of 38%. Participants reported 56% satisfaction in the ability to work as a team, compared with 37% reported in the national study.

J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2016;47(3):140–148.
Modelling the potential impact of climate change on future spatial and temporal patterns of biological control agents:Peristenus digoneutis(Hymenoptera: Braconidae) as a case study
Authors: Olfert O. , Haye T. , Weiss R. , Kriticos D. , Kuhlmann U.
Published: March 2016

Mechanistic species niche models were used to map the seasonal spatio-temporal dynamics of biological control pressure. Future climate scenarios were applied to these models to identify potential future trends in the patterns of biological control pressure through space and time during an annual seasonal cycle.Peristenus digoneutisLoan (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a parasitoid ofLygusHahn (Hemiptera: Miridae) species, important pests of glasshouse and field crops throughout Europe and North America. Consistent with theoretical expectations, the modelled potential range ofP. digoneutisexpanded polewards and contracted from its southern temperature range limits. However, its distribution did not change consistently across continents or countries. Locations near the outer limits of the current modelled distribution were more sensitive to changes in future climates than locations near the central core. Weekly climate suitability and stress maps were developed to provide insight into seasonal adjustments that accompany changes in the potential range of pest species and their natural enemies. Climate change may increase the number ofLygusgenerations in western Canada allowingP. digoneutisto establish in areas, where biological control attempts had failed in the past.
Epigenetic Mechanisms of the Aging Human Retina
Authors: Pennington Katie L. , Deangelis Margaret M.
Published: March 2016

Degenerative retinal diseases, such as glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy, have complex etiologies with environmental, genetic, and epigenetic contributions to disease pathology. Much effort has gone into elucidating both the genetic and the environmental risk factors for these retinal diseases. However, little is known about how these genetic and environmental risk factors bring about molecular changes that lead to pathology. Epigenetic mechanisms have received extensive attention of late for their promise of bridging the gap between environmental exposures and disease development via their influence on gene expression. Recent studies have identified epigenetic changes that associate with the incidence and/or progression of each of these retinal diseases. Therefore, these epigenetic modifications may be involved in the underlying pathological mechanisms leading to blindness. Further genome-wide epigenetic studies that incorporate well-characterized tissue samples, consider challenges similar to those relevant to gene expression studies, and combine the genome-wide epigenetic data with genome-wide genetic and expression data to identify additional potentially causative agents of disease are needed. Such studies will allow researchers to create much-needed therapeutics to prevent and/or intervene in disease progression. Improved therapeutics will greatly enhance the quality of life and reduce the burden of disease management for millions of patients living with these potentially blinding conditions.
Formaldehyde production from isoprene oxidation across NOx regimes
Authors: Wolfe G. M. , Kaiser J. , Hanisco T. F. , Keutsch F. N. , de Gouw J. A. , Gilman J. B. , Graus M. , Hatch C. D. , Holloway J. , Horowitz L. W. , Lee B. H. , Lerner B. M. , Lopez-Hilifiker F. , Mao J. , Marvin M. R. , Peischl J. , Pollack I. B. , Roberts J. M. , Ryerson T. B. , Thornton J. A. , Veres P. R. , Warneke C.
Published: March 2016

Abstract. The chemical link between isoprene and formaldehyde (HCHO) is a strong, nonlinear function of NOx (i.e., NO + NO2). This relationship is a linchpin for top-down isoprene emission inventory verification from orbital HCHO column observations. It is also a benchmark for overall photochemical mechanism performance with regard to VOC oxidation. Using a comprehensive suite of airborne in situ observations over the southeast US, we quantify HCHO production across the urban–rural spectrum. Analysis of isoprene and its major first-generation oxidation products allows us to define both a "prompt" yield of HCHO (molecules of HCHO produced per molecule of freshly emitted isoprene) and the background HCHO mixing ratio (from oxidation of longer-lived hydrocarbons). Over the range of observed NOx values (roughly 0.1–2 ppbv), the prompt yield increases by a factor of 3 (from 0.3 to 0.9 ppbv ppbv−1), while background HCHO increases by a factor of 2 (from 1.6 to 3.3 ppbv). We apply the same method to evaluate the performance of both a global chemical transport model (AM3) and a measurement-constrained 0-D steady-state box model. Both models reproduce the NOx dependence of the prompt HCHO yield, illustrating that models with updated isoprene oxidation mechanisms can adequately capture the link between HCHO and recent isoprene emissions. On the other hand, both models underestimate background HCHO mixing ratios, suggesting missing HCHO precursors, inadequate representation of later-generation isoprene degradation and/or underestimated hydroxyl radical concentrations. Detailed process rates from the box model simulation demonstrate a 3-fold increase in HCHO production across the range of observed NOx values, driven by a 100 % increase in OH and a 40 % increase in branching of organic peroxy radical reactions to produce HCHO.
Validation of revised methane and nitrous oxide profiles from MIPAS–ENVISAT
Authors: Plieninger Johannes , Laeng Alexandra , Lossow Stefan , von Clarmann Thomas , Stiller Gabriele P. , Kellmann Sylvia ,  Linden Andrea , Kiefer Michael , Walker Kaley A. , Noël Stefan , Hervig Mark E. , McHugh Martin , Lambert Alyn , Urban Joachim , Elkins James W. , Murtagh Donal
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Improved versions of CH4 and N2O profiles derived at the Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research and Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC) from spectra measured by the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) have become available. For the MIPAS full-resolution period (2002–2004) these are V5H_CH4_21 and V5H_N2O_21 and for the reduced-resolution period (2005–2012) these are V5R_CH4_224, V5R_CH4_225, V5R_N2O_224 and V5R_N2O_225. Here, we compare CH4 profiles to those measured by the Fourier Transform Spectrometer on board of the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE-FTS), the HALogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) and the Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY), to the Global Cooperative Air Sampling Network (GCASN) surface data. We find the MIPAS CH4 profiles below 25 km to be typically higher of the order of 0.1 ppmv for both measurement periods. N2O profiles are compared to those measured by ACE-FTS, the Microwave Limb Sounder on board of the Aura satellite (Aura-MLS) and the Sub-millimetre Radiometer on board of the Odin satellite (Odin-SMR) as well as to the Halocarbons and other Atmospheric Trace Species Group (HATS) surface data. The mixing ratios of the satellite instruments agree well with each other for the full-resolution period. For the reduced-resolution period, MIPAS produces similar values as Odin-SMR, but higher values than ACE-FTS and HATS. Below 27 km, the MIPAS profiles show higher mixing ratios than Aura-MLS, and lower values between 27 and 41 km. Cross-comparisons between the two MIPAS measurement periods show that they generally agree quite well, but, especially for CH4, the reduced-resolution period seems to produce slightly higher mixing ratios than the full-resolution data.
Combining two complementary micrometeorological methods to measure CH4 and N2O fluxes over pasture
Authors: Laubach Johannes , Barthel Matti , Fraser Anitra , Hunt John E. , Griffith David W. T.
Published: March 2016

Abstract. New Zealand's largest industrial sector is pastoral agriculture, giving rise to a large fraction of the country's emissions of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). We designed a system to continuously measure CH4 and N2O fluxes at the field scale on two adjacent pastures that differed with respect to management. At the core of this system was a closed-cell Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, which measured the mole fractions of CH4, N2O and carbon dioxide (CO2) at two heights at each site. In parallel, CO2 fluxes were measured using eddy-covariance instrumentation. We applied two different micrometeorological ratio methods to infer the CH4 and N2O fluxes from their respective mole fractions and the CO2 fluxes. The first is a variant of the flux-gradient method, where it is assumed that the turbulent diffusivities of CH4 and N2O equal that of CO2. This method was reliable when the CO2 mole-fraction difference between heights was at least 4 times greater than the FTIR's resolution of differences. For the second method, the temporal increases of mole fractions in the stable nocturnal boundary layer, which are correlated for concurrently emitted gases, are used to infer the unknown fluxes of CH4 and N2O from the known flux of CO2. This method was sensitive to “contamination” from trace gas sources other than the pasture of interest and therefore required careful filtering. With both methods combined, estimates of mean daily CH4 and N2O fluxes were obtained for 56 % of days at one site and 73 % at the other. Both methods indicated both sites as net sources of CH4 and N2O. Mean emission rates for 1 year at the unfertilised, winter-grazed site were 8.9 (±0.79) nmol CH4 m−2 s−1 and 0.38 (±0.018) nmol N2O m−2 s−1. During the same year, mean emission rates at the irrigated, fertilised and rotationally grazed site were 8.9 (±0.79) nmol CH4 m−2 s−1 and 0.58 (±0.020) nmol N2O m−2 s−1. At this site, the N2O emissions amounted to 1.21 (±0.15) % of the nitrogen inputs from animal excreta and fertiliser application.
Isotopically enriched ammonium shows high nitrogen transformation in the pile top zone of dairy manure compost
Authors: Maeda Koki , Toyoda Sakae , Yano Midori , Hattori Shohei , Fukasawa Makoto , Nakajima Keiichi , Yoshida Naohiro
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Nitrogen isotope ratios (δ15N) of NH4+ in dairy manure compost piles with and without bulking agent (10 % w∕w) were compared to understand the effects of the use of bulking agent on nitrogen conversion during manure composting. The δ15N–NH4+ values in each of three pile zones (top, side and core) were also compared. At the end of the process, piles with bulking agent showed significantly higher δ15N values (17.7 ± 1.3 ‰) than piles without bulking agent (11.8 ± 0.9 ‰), reflecting the significantly higher nitrogen conversion and NH3 loss in the former. The samples from the top zone, especially in the piles with bulking agent, showed very high NH4+ concentrations with significantly high 15N (δ15N: 12.7–29.8 ‰) values, indicating that extremely high nitrogen conversion, nitrification–denitrification activity of the microbes and NH3 volatilization occurred in this zone.
Upscaling methane emission hotspots in boreal peatlands
Authors: Cresto Aleina Fabio , Runkle Benjamin R. K. , Brücher Tim , Kleinen Thomas , Brovkin Victor
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Upscaling the properties and effects of small-scale surface heterogeneities to larger scales is a challenging issue in land surface modeling. We developed a novel approach to upscale local methane emissions in a boreal peatland from the micro-topographic scale to the landscape scale. We based this new parameterization on the analysis of the water table pattern generated by the Hummock–Hollow model, a micro-topography resolving model for peatland hydrology. We introduce this parameterization of methane hotspots in a global model-like version of the Hummock–Hollow model that underestimates methane emissions. We tested the robustness of the parameterization by simulating methane emissions for the next century, forcing the model with three different RCP scenarios. The Hotspot parameterization, despite being calibrated for the 1976–2005 climatology, mimics the output of the micro-topography resolving model for all the simulated scenarios. The new approach bridges the scale gap of methane emissions between this version of the model and the configuration explicitly resolving micro-topography.
Recent changes and drivers of the atmospheric evaporative demand in the Canary Islands
Authors: Vicente-Serrano S. M. , Azorin-Molina C. , Sanchez-Lorenzo A. , El Kenawy A. , Martín-Hernández N. , Peña-Gallardo M. , Beguería S. , Tomas-Burguera M.
Published: March 2016

Abstract. We analysed recent evolution and meteorological drivers of the atmospheric evaporative demand (AED) in the Canary Islands for the period 1961–2013. We employed long and high quality time series of meteorological variables to analyze current AED changes in this region and found that AED has increased during the investigated period. Overall, the annual ETo increased significantly by 18.2 mm decade−1 on average, with a stronger trend in summer (6.7 mm decade−1). The radiative component showed much lower temporal variability than the aerodynamic component did. Thus, more than 90 % of the observed ETo variability at the seasonal and annual scales can be associated with the variability of the aerodynamic component. The variable that recorded more significant changes in the Canary Islands was relative humidity, and among the different meteorological factors used to calculate ETo, relative humidity was the main driver of the observed ETo trends. The observed trend could have negative consequences in a number of water-depending sectors if it continues in the future.
The European lightning location system EUCLID – Part 2: Observations
Authors: Poelman Dieter Roel , Schulz Wolfgang , Diendorfer Gerhard , Bernardi Marina
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning data from the European Cooperation for Lightning Detection (EUCLID) network over the period 2006–2014 are explored. Mean CG flash densities vary over the European continent, with the highest density of about 6 km−2 yr−1 found at the intersection of the borders between Austria, Italy and Slovenia. The majority of lightning activity takes place between May and September, accounting for 85 % of the total observed CG activity. Furthermore, the thunderstorm season reaches its highest activity in July, while the diurnal cycle peaks around 15:00 UTC. A difference between CG flashes over land and sea becomes apparent when looking at the peak current estimates. It is found that flashes with higher peak currents occur in greater proportion over sea than over land.
Venoklim Holding B. V. v. Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
Authors: Bastin Lucas , Lee Aimee-Jane
Published: March 2016

On April 3, 2015, the ICSID tribunal in Venoklim Holding B. V. v. Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela issued the first public decision to consider the effect of a state’s denunciation of the ICSID Convention (Convention). The tribunal decided that Venezuela’s denunciation on January 24, 2012, did not preclude jurisdiction over a claim submitted in the period after notification of the denunciation but before its effective date. Yet the tribunal also held that Venezuela’s domestic statute was insufficient as an autonomous offer of consent to ICSID arbitration, and that the conjunction of the statute with an investment treaty did not confer such consent where the conditions in the statute were not fulfilled. The award was notable too because of the majority’s holding that the tribunal lacked jurisdiction owing to the Venezuelan nationality of the underlying beneficial owners of the Dutch corporation that was the claimant in the ICSID arbitration. The Tribunal held that, because the claimant was effectively owned by Venezuelan nationals, the requirement of foreign ownership or control was not satisfied for the purposes of the applicable Venezuelan investment statute and the ICSID Convention.
General Education Assessment at Private Historically Black Colleges and Universities:
Authors: A. Jones Willis
Published: March 2016

The majority of research on general education assessment in recent years has focused primarily on predominately white institutions. Very little is known about general education assessment at historically black colleges and universities (hbcus). Using descriptive analysis, this exploratory study examines the state of general education assessment at private, four-year hbcus.
A Problem-Solving Template for Integrating Qualitative and Quantitative Physics Instruction
Authors: Fink Janice M. , Mankey Gary J.
Published: March 2016

A problem-solving template enables a methodology of instruction that integrates aspects of both sequencing and conceptual learning. It is designed to enhance critical-thinking skills when used within the framework of a learner-centered approach to teaching, where regular, thorough assessments of student learning are key components of the curriculum.
Application of the Test of Scientific Literacy Skills in the Assessment of a General Education Natural Science Program
Authors: Waldo Jennifer Turner
Published: March 2016

The peer-reviewed and psychometrically validated Test of Scientific Literacy Skills developed by Gormally et al. was used to assess the strengths and weaknesses of a general education natural science program. By comparing the scores of students who had already taken at least one course in this area with the scores of those who had not, and by relating scores to students' perceptions of learning about science, a richer understanding of our program has emerged. The ability to focus on particular skill sets and areas of proficiency has allowed us to identify specific areas to target for improvement.
A Defense of Higher Education and Its Civic Mission
Authors: Levine Peter
Published: March 2016

The liberal arts and the civic mission of higher education are under attack in this time of economic crisis and political polarization. But we can proudly and forthrightly make the case for the civic mission of higher education. The purpose of the liberal arts is to prepare people for responsible citizenship, and the best forms of civic engagement are intellectually challenging; they are the liberal arts in action. Research shows that civic education at the college level makes people into better workers. And engaged universities address many serious public problems, including unemployment, that matter to citizens and policy makers. This article was originally delivered as a speech at the 2013 American Democracy Project and Democracy Commitment Meeting in Denver, June 7, 2013.