bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An efficient evaluation method for wing fuel mass variations effect on transonic aeroelasticity
Authors: Li Dongfeng , Wang Zhengzhong , Da Ronch Andrea , Chen Gang
Published: January 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to develop an efficient evaluation method to more intuitively and effectively investigate the influence of the wing fuel mass variations because of fuel burn on transonic aeroelasticity.

Design/methodology/approach

The proposed efficient aeroelastic evaluation method is developed by extending the standard computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based proper orthogonal decomposition (POD)/reduced order model (ROM).

Findings

The results of this paper show that the proposed aeroelastic efficient evaluation method can accurately and efficiently predict the aeroelastic response and flutter boundary when the wing fuel mass vary because of fuel burn. It also shows that the wing fuel mass variations have a significant effect on transonic aeroelasticity; the flutter speed increases as the wing fuel mass decreases. Without rebuilding an expensive, time-consuming CFD-based POD/ROM for each wing fuel mass variation, the computational cost of the proposed method is reduced obviously. It also shows that the computational efficiency improvement grows linearly with the number of model cases.

Practical implications

The paper presents a potentially powerful tool to more intuitively and effectively investigate the influence of the wing fuel mass variation on transonic aeroelasticity, and the results form a theoretical and methodological basis for further research.

Originality/value

The proposed evaluation method makes it a reality to apply the efficient standard CFD-based POD/ROM to investigate the influence of the wing fuel mass variation because of fuel burn on transonic aeroelasticity. The proposed efficient aeroelastic evaluation method, therefore, is ideally suited to deal with the investigation of the influence of wing fuel mass variations on transonic aeroelasticity and may have the potential to reduce the overall cost of aircraft design.
Study on oil-cooler location for a pusher type turbo prop aircraft using numerical simulation
Authors: P.S. Premkumar , S. Nadaraja Pillai , C. Senthil Kumar
Published: January 2022

Purpose

Pusher configured turbo-prop aircraft receive inadequate ram air cooling due to the lack of propeller slipstream, particularly during ground operations. However, flow entrainment can be exploited to a greater extent by placing the oil-cooler duct close to downstream of the propeller at a suitable radial location. But this method has a detrimental effect on the propeller thrust. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the results of numerical simulations carried out to simulate the performance of the propeller with and without oil cooler.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, three-dimensional (3D) numerical simulations are carried out to simulate the propeller in a rotating domain using an unstructured grid. A computational fluid dynamics solver is put forward to analyze the effect of thrust loss by solving 3D Navier-Stokes equations using a second-order upwind finite-volume scheme. In this study, the impact of thrust loss incurred in the propeller flow field with and without oil cooler duct for three different locations at various rotational speeds is carried out to assess the propeller performance and to identify the optimum position to get a sufficient mass flow rate.

Findings

The findings from this study are simulated thrust values of an uninstalled five-bladed propeller of light transport aircraft (LTA) match well with original equipment manufacturer propeller thrust data. The tip speed velocities simulated for different operating conditions are in good agreement with the theoretical calculations. The influence of oil-cooler effect on the propeller flow field is less in low velocity to high-velocity operating condition due to flow transition from laminar to turbulent. The presence of the oil cooler, which influences the thrust loss, is studied at propeller upstream and downstream locations in detail for 30%, 40% and 50% of propeller radius cases.

Research limitations/implications

Simulations with finer and structured hexa grids can be applied to this problem to get closer results and save solver time as future work.

Practical implications

The recommended system is installed in the production standard aircraft of LTA. After installation oil cooler performance is better compared to the previous arrangement.

Originality/value

Research work about pusher aircraft is very limited. The problem addressed in this study is unique which resolves the major issue of pusher aircraft. This work highlights the difficulty involved in LTA engine oil cooling, and solution methodologies are also provided. Numerical simulation with oil-cooler assembly is a new area of research that gave the solution for this oil-cooling issue through various oil-cooler case studies.
Reducing temperature, drag load and wear during aircraft tyre spin-up
Authors: Mahjouri Saeed , Shabani Rasoul , Skote Martin
Published: January 2022

Purpose

Due to the static condition of the wheels at touchdown, they skid on the runway, which may cause the tyres to burn and wear. This phenomenon occurs in a fraction of a second, known as the spin-up period. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new strategy to reduce the horizontal force, tyre temperature and wear during the spin-up period.

Design/methodology/approach

First, the dynamics of two different phases of landing, namely, spin-up and breaking phases, are reviewed. Second, a strategy to prevent excessive temperature and wear of the tyre is presented.

Findings

It is found that using a lubricant and coolant, such as water, at the spin-up stretch of the runway is a simple and practical solution to prevent excessive temperature and wear of the tyre. It is revealed that, despite increasing the spin-up period, the rise of the tyre temperature is eliminated and the material properties are preserved for effective braking. A rough quantitative analysis demonstrates that the wetting of tyres in the spin-up phase decreases the loads and tyre wear effectively.

Practical implications

Wetting the touchdown region of the runway without significant areas of standing water is the most practical strategy with the technology available today.

Originality/value

A new strategy is presented for landing with reduced tyre wear. It is the hope that this paper can inspire continuous efforts to realize the implementation of the strategy.
Computation of rotational hysteresis losses by vector Preisach models based on rotational operators
Authors: Nierla Michael , Kaltenbacher Manfred , Rupitsch Stefan Johann
Published: January 2022

Purpose

A major purpose of vector hysteresis models lies in the prediction of power losses under rotating magnetic fields. The well-known vector Preisach model by Mayergoyz has been shown to well predict such power losses at low amplitudes of the applied field. However, in its original form, it fails to predict the reduction of rotational power losses at high fields. In recent years, two variants of a novel vector Preisach model based on rotational operators have been published and investigated with respect to general accuracy and performance. This paper aims to examine the capabilities of the named vector Preisach models in terms of rotational hysteresis loss calculations.

Design/methodology/approach

In a first step, both variants of the novel rotational operator-based vector Preisach model are tested with respect to their overall capability to prescribe rotational hysteresis losses. Hereby, the direct influence of the model-specific parameters onto the computable losses is investigated. Afterward, it is researched whether there exists an optimized set of parameters for these models that allows the matching of measured rotational hysteresis losses.

Findings

The theoretical investigations on the influence of the model-specific parameters onto the computable rotational hysteresis losses showed that such losses can be predicted in general and that a variation of these parameters allows to adapt the simulated loss curves in both shape and amplitude. Furthermore, an optimized parameter set for the prediction of the named losses could be retrieved by direct matching of simulated and measured loss curves.

Originality/value

Even though the practical applicability and the efficiency of the novel vector Preisach model based on rotational operators has been proven in previous publications, its capabilities to predict rotational hysteresis losses has not been researched so far. This publication does not only show the general possibility to compute such losses with help of the named vector Preisach models but also in addition provides a routine to derive an optimized parameter set, which allows an accurate modeling of actually measured loss curves.
Analysis of Bitcoin’s price spike in context of Elon Musk’s Twitter activity
Authors: Zaman Salma , Yaqub Ussama , Saleem Tauqeer
Published: January 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the effect of Elon Musk’s Twitter bio change on January 29, 2021 on the discourse around Bitcoin (BTC) on Twitter and to understand how these changes relate to the changes in Bitcoin price around that time.

Design/methodology/approach

This study implements sentiment analysis and text mining on Twitter data to explore changes in public sentiments toward Bitcoin after Elon Musk’s Twitter bio change. Furthermore, it uses Bitcoin price data obtained from the Binance exchange to understand its relation with Twitter discussion.

Findings

Elon Musk’s bio change on Twitter on January 29 increased the tweet volume mentioning Bitcoin. This increase in tweets had a strong positive correlation with Bitcoin price and preceded the rise in Bitcoin price. Although the bio change had an apparent effect on the tweet volume, there was no considerable effect on the tweet sentiments, indicating that tweet sentiment is a poor predictor of Bitcoin price.

Originality/value

This paper proposes an understanding of how social media influencers, like Elon Musk, affect the discourse around Bitcoin and can, in turn, have an impact on Bitcoin price.
An empirical survey of critical factors influencing students’ electricity use behaviour in halls of residence
Authors: Iyiola Comfort Olubukola , Mewomo Modupe Cecilia
Published: January 2022

Purpose

Understanding electricity use behaviour is considered one of the strategies to achieve sustained electricity management in buildings. The lack of understanding of occupants’ electricity use behaviour has been found to cause various environmental and ecological issues. This paper aims to investigate the factors influencing occupants’ inefficient use of electricity in buildings becomes a vital area of study to achieve maximum benefit in the area of electricity management.

Design/methodology/approach

The study adopted a quantitative survey and questionnaire as instruments for gathering relevant information from end-users in the study area, and the data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Findings

The major factors influencing the electricity use behaviour of students in the study area were attributed to their level of awareness, personal beliefs and attitude towards electricity, managerial influences and economic factors.

Originality/value

The threats to the environment and ecology necessitate immediate attention to the elements that impact students’ electricity use habits. This research explains the key elements that might impact students’ electricity consumption habits in buildings. Understanding these key characteristics will provide policymakers with vital knowledge of its prevalence.
Early supplier involvement framework for reducing construction waste during the design process
Authors: Othman Ayman Ahmed Ezzat , El-Saeidy Yomna Abdelghany
Published: January 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to develop a framework to facilitate early supplier involvement (ESI) as an approach for reducing construction waste (CW) generated during the design process.

Design/methodology/approach

A research methodology consists of literature review, case studies and survey questionnaire was designed to achieve the abovementioned aim. First, the literature review was used to investigate CW, CW generated during the design process, the design process and ESI. Second, two construction projects were analysed to investigate the role of ESI towards reducing CW generated during the design waste. Third, a survey questionnaire was carried out with a representative sample of architectural design firms (ADFs) in Egypt to examine their perception and application of ESI towards reducing CW generated during the design process. Based on the results of the above, the research developed a framework to facilitate ESI during the design process to reduce CW.

Findings

Through literature review, the research highlighted the causes of CW generated during the design process and identified the benefits and challenges that encounter ESI in ADFs. Results of data analysis showed that “last-minute changes due to client requirements” was ranked the highest challenges of ESI in ADFs in Egypt followed by “lack of design experience”. Moreover, “providing technical information about materials and equipment and their capabilities” was ranked by respondents as the highest contributions of suppliers during the design process which leads to waste reduction followed by “better estimation of materials and costs”. Finally, respondents stated that “resistance of ADFs to include suppliers in the design phase” was ranked the highest challenge of ESI in the design process followed by “no clear guidelines or policies that organise ESI”.

Research limitations/implications

Because of the conceptual nature of the proposed framework, it has to be tested and validated to ensure its capability to overcome the challenges of ESI as an approach for reducing CW generated during the design process.

Practical implications

This research presents a practical solution to the problem of CW generated during the design process through ESI.

Originality/value

The research discussed the causes of CW originated from the design process and the benefits and challenges of ESI in ADFs. It investigated the perception and application of ESI in ADFs in Egypt. The proposed framework which was designed to facilitate the integration of suppliers in the early stages of the project life cycle represents a synthesis that is novel and creative in thought and adds value to the knowledge in a manner that has not previously occurred.
Impacts, lessons learnt and envisioning the future of firms under COVID-19 – implications for knowledge management
Authors: Ng David Wai Lun , Duarte Alonso Abel , Bressan Alessandro , Vu Oanh Thi Kim
Published: January 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine the significance of knowledge management as a tool for firms to adapt to an ongoing unprecedented crisis. Moreover, in considering the knowledge-based view of the firm, the study will ascertain the impacts, lessons learnt and how firms envisage their future under the current unpredictable regime from the viewpoints of firm owners/managers.

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative data collection approach was selected, with face-to-face and online interviews undertaken with owners/managers of 33 firms operating in Singapore.

Findings

The data analysis reveals as many as eight dimensions pertaining to impacts, lessons learnt and the envisioned future of the firms. The relevance of knowledge management emerged, for instance, in supporting firms and staff to overcome initial challenges after the crisis became apparent. Knowledge management was also an exemplar of lessons learnt, through new knowledge development, strengthening links with consumers, through operational skilfulness and awareness, as well as in explaining how firms envision their future. These findings also underscore key tenets of the knowledge-based view of the firm.

Originality/value

Conceptually, the proposed dimensions stemming from the three examined research questions, together with the propositions and theoretical framework, contribute to a deeper understanding of the links between knowledge management and how firms confront a severe crisis. Empirically, the findings’ highlighted associations with knowledge management elements to illuminate how firms address the impacts of the COVID-19 crisis, as well as the lessons learnt and the envisioned future of firms operating under severe crisis conditions.
Leveraging knowledge discovery and knowledge visualization to define the “inner areas”: an application to an Italian province
Authors: Moretto Valentino , Elia Gianluca , Ghiani Gianpaolo
Published: January 2022

Purpose

Starting from a critical analysis of the main criteria currently used to identify marginal areas, this paper aims to propose a new classification model of such territories by leveraging knowledge discovery approaches and knowledge visualization techniques, which represent a fundamental pillar in the knowledge-based urban development process.

Design/methodology/approach

The methodology adopted in this study relies on the design science research, which includes five steps: problem identification, objective definition, solution design and development, demonstration and evaluation.

Findings

Results demonstrate how to exploit knowledge discovery and visualization to obtain multiple mappings of inner areas, in the aim to identify good practices and optimize resources to set up more effective territorial development strategies and plans. The proposed approach overcomes the traditional way adopted to map inner areas that uses a single indicator (i.e. the distance between a municipality and the nearest pole where it is possible to access to education, health and transportation services) and leverages seven groups of indicators that represent the distinguishing features of territories (territorial capital, social costs, citizenship, geo-demography, economy, innovation and sustainable development).

Research limitations/implications

The proposed model could be enriched by new variables, whose value can be collected by official sources and stakeholders engaged to provide both structured and unstructured data. Also, another enhancement could be the development of a cross-algorithms comparison that may reveal useful to suggest which algorithm can better suit the needs of policy makers or practitioners.

Practical implications

This study sets the ground for proposing a decision support tool that policy makers can use to classify in a new way the inner areas, thus overcoming the current approach and leveraging the distinguishing features of territories.

Originality/value

This study shows how the availability of distributed knowledge sources, the modern knowledge management techniques and the emerging digital technologies can provide new opportunities for the governance of a city or territory, thus revitalizing the domain of knowledge-based urban development.
Mobile app analytics for assessing MOOC platforms: a study of online learners’ sentiments
Authors: Kaur Amanpreet , Sharma Ritu , Gulati Sarita , Chakravarty Rupak
Published: January 2022

Purpose

In distance education, massive open online courses (MOOCs) are recent innovative approaches, which strive to provide learning content to all the participants without any demographic-related barriers. The purpose of this research is to analyse and evaluate the popularity of two MOOCs platforms, Study Webs of Active-Learning for Young Aspiring Minds (SWAYAM) and Coursera, on an android app by pursuing the paradigm of mobile analytics and deep learning.

Design/methodology/approach

The analytics are performed by using the Web application AppFollow (AppFollow.io), which captured, monitored, measured and analysed the app review results.

Findings

The findings of the paper suggest MOOCs designers should consider sentiment analysis to check and evaluate users’ ratings and feedback to improvise its design.

Research limitations/implications

The findings of the study will provide the necessary inputs and feedbacks to the app developers to understand the users’ problems, users’ perspectives and users’ requirement in a scientific and precise way. By removing the bugs and incorporating the value-added features, the MOOC platforms will become more productive and beneficial in terms of knowledge sharing, skill development and capacity building.

Originality/value

This research is novel in getting an insight into the behaviour of users towards usage of SWAYAM and Coursera apps on Android platforms through the AppFollow software and provides valuable results for the app developers in monitoring the feedbacks to enhancing the features for the satisfaction of users. The present analysis is expected to provide a benchmark for future research in this domain.
Eco‐assessment of Değirmendere and Bulaklı streams using diatom indices from different ecoregions
Authors: Çelekli Abuzer , Yıldız Hasan
Published: January 2022

Diatom metrics are important tools for evaluating the environmental conditions of streams for the achievement of environmental sustainability. Aim of the present study was to assess the ecological status of Değirmendere and Bulaklı streams using diatom indices developed in different ecoregions and to elucidate responses of diatom assemblages to stressors using multivariate approaches. Analysis of similarity percentage indicated a 74% dissimilarity between Değirmendere and Bulaklı streams with the most contribution of Encyonopsis minuta, Achnanthidium minutissimum, Achnanthidium druartii, Amphora indistincta, and Gomphonema cuneolus species to this dissimilarity. The first two axes of canonical correspondence analysis exhibited a strong correlation (93.1%) between diatom assemblages and environment variables. Pollution‐tolerant species were associated with Bulaklı stream, whereas pollution‐sensitive species displayed relatedness to Değirmendere stream. Conductivity, salinity, oxidation–reduction potential, total phosphorus (TP), and orthophosphate were the significant effective environmental factors on the spatiotemporal distribution of diatom assemblages. Used diatom indices showed significantly positive and negative correlations with TP gradient. The results of bioassessment exhibited that diatom indices have different scores for the ecological status of the sampling stations. European diatom indices except Trophic Diatom Index and Duero Diatom Index mainly showed similar behavior in the bioassessment of ecological conditions of Değirmendere and Bulaklı streams. Among European diatom indices, Trophic Index Turkey was more competitive and could give better results in the bioassessment of streams. Results indicated that ecoregional specific diatom index could be used as a suitable tool to accurately evaluate the surface water quality.
Swallowing assessment in patients with dysphagia: Validity and reliability of a pocket‐sized ultrasound system
Authors: Winiker Katharina , Hammond Rebecca , Thomas Paige , Dimmock Alice , Huckabee Maggie‐Lee
Published: February 2022

Background

The use of ultrasound as an adjunct to clinical swallowing evaluation provides quantitative physiological and morphological data. As a low‐risk procedure, ultrasound imaging can be performed outside of a medical setting. This is particularly important for patients living in rural areas with restricted access to a hospital. Technical advances have produced pocket‐sized ultrasound technology that is more affordable, and therefore within the fiscal reach of most allied health services.

Aims

To explore the validity and reliability of pocket‐sized ultrasound technology in dysphagia assessment.

Methods & Procedures

Data were acquired from 43 patients with dysphagia using the Clarius ultrasound device. Ultrasound and videofluoroscopic measures of hyoid and laryngeal displacement during liquid and puree swallowing were collected concurrently to quantify correlation and agreement between identical measures derived from the two instruments. Reliability of ultrasound was assessed for measures of hyoid and laryngeal displacement, tongue thickness, and size of the submental muscles in eight patients. Reliability was evaluated for the entire process of data acquisition including scanning and online measurement using an iPad in a clinical setting and for offline measurement on a computer screen to explore environmental influences on reliability.

Outcomes & Results

Results revealed poor correlation between the measures of interest across instruments. Reliability of the entire process of data acquisition in a clinical setting was insufficient while reliability was more promising for offline measurements.

Conclusions & Implications

The clinical use of pocket‐sized ultrasound devices, such as the Clarius system, for swallowing evaluation is not indicated at this time. Enhanced validity and reliability of the entire process of data acquisition are needed prior to clinical translation of such technology.

WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS

What is already known on the subject

The use of ultrasound allows for radiation‐free, non‐invasive swallowing assessment. Some data suggest that ultrasound is valid and reliable in the evaluation of swallowing using standard‐sized equipment. Insufficient validity and reliability have been reported for pocket‐sized ultrasound technology in the assessment of healthy swallowing.

What this paper adds to existing knowledge

This research is the first to provide validity and reliability data of the pocket‐sized Clarius technology in the evaluation of swallowing in patients with dysphagia. Insufficient validity and reliability of online data acquisition in a clinical environment were found. Reliability for offline measurement was more promising.

What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work?

The clinical use of pocket‐sized ultrasound devices, such as the Clarius system, for swallowing assessment is not indicated at this time.
Re: Comparison of the performance of estimated fetal weight charts for the detection of small‐ and large‐for‐gestational‐age newborns with adverse outcomes: a French population‐based study
Authors: Figueras F
Published: January 2022

Linked article: This is a mini commentary on I Monier et al., pp. 938–948 in this issue. To view this article visit https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.17021.
Voter preferences as a source of descriptive (mis)representation by social class
Authors: WÜEST RETO , PONTUSSON JONAS
Published: January 2022

This paper presents the results of a conjoint survey experiment in which Swiss citizens were asked to choose among parliamentary candidates with different class profiles determined by occupation, education and income. Existing survey‐experimental literature on this topic suggests that respondents are indifferent to the class profiles of candidates or biased against candidates with high‐status occupations and high incomes. We find that respondents are biased against upper middle‐class candidates as well as routine working‐class candidates. While the bias against upper middle‐class candidates is primarily a bias among working‐class individuals, the bias against routine working‐class candidates is most pronounced among middle‐class individuals. Our supplementary analysis of observational data confirms the bias against routine working‐class candidates, but not the bias against upper middle‐class candidates.
mold, a novel software to compile accurate and reliable DNA diagnoses for taxonomic descriptions
Authors: Fedosov Alexander , Achaz Guillaume , Gontchar Andrey , Puillandre Nicolas
Published: January 2022

DNA data are increasingly being used for phylogenetic inference, and taxon delimitation and identification, but scarcely for the formal description of taxa, despite their undisputable merits in taxonomy. The uncertainty regarding the robustness of DNA diagnoses, however, remains a major impediment to their use. We have developed a new program, mold, that identifies diagnostic nucleotide combinations (DNCs) in DNA sequence alignments for selected taxa, which can be used to provide formal diagnoses of these taxa. To test the robustness of DNA diagnoses, we carry out iterated haplotype subsampling for selected query species in published DNA data sets of varying complexity. We quantify the reliability of diagnosis by diagnosing each query subsample and then checking if this diagnosis remains valid against the entire data set. We demonstrate that widely used types of diagnostic DNA characters are often absent for a query taxon or are not sufficiently reliable. We thus propose a new type of DNA diagnosis, termed “redundant DNC” (or rDNC), which takes into account unsampled genetic diversity, and constitutes a much more reliable descriptor of a taxon. mold successfully retrieves rDNCs for all but two species in the analysed data sets, even in those comprising hundreds of species. mold shows unparalleled efficiency in large DNA data sets and is the only available software capable of compiling DNA diagnoses that suit predefined criteria of reliability.
SPEDE‐sampler: An R Shiny application to assess how methodological choices and taxon sampling can affect Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent output and interpretation
Authors: van Steenderen Clarke J. M. , Sutton Guy F.
Published: January 2022

Species delimitation tools are vital to taxonomy and the discovery of new species. These tools can make use of genetic data to estimate species boundaries, where one of the most widely used methods is the Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent (GMYC) model. Despite its popularity, a number of factors are known to influence the performance and resulting inferences of the GMYC. Moreover, the few studies that have assessed model performance to date have been predominantly based on simulated data sets, where model assumptions are not violated. Here, we present a user‐friendly R Shiny application, ‘SPEDE‐sampler’ (SPEcies DElimitation sampler), that assesses the effect of computational and methodological choices, in combination with sampling effects, on the GMYC model. Output phylogenies are used to test the effect that (1) sample size, (2) BEAST and GMYC parameters (e.g. prior settings, single vs multiple threshold, clock model), and (3) singletons have on GMYC output. Optional predefined grouping information (e.g. morphospecies/ecotypes) can be uploaded in order to compare it with GMYC species and estimate percentage match scores. Additionally, predefined groups that contribute to inflated species richness estimates are identified by SPEDE‐sampler, allowing for the further investigation of potential cryptic species or geographical substructuring in those groups. Merging by the GMYC is also recorded to identify where traditional taxonomy has overestimated species numbers. Four worked examples are provided to illustrate the functionality of the program's workflow, and the variation that can arise when applying the GMYC model to empirical data sets. The R Shiny program is available for download at https://github.com/clarkevansteenderen/spede_sampler_R.
Statistical inference for the utilization distribution overlap index (UDOI)
Authors: Tilberg Miranda , Dixon Philip M.
Published: February 2022

1. Despite the routine nature of studying home‐range (HR) overlap, a formal inferential framework for overlap analyses has only recently emerged. This framework allows for the computation of approximate confidence intervals (CIs) for the Bhattacharyya coefficient (BC), a pairwise overlap metric with a formal basis in distributional similarity. However, prior comparisons of common overlap metrics suggest that the utilization distribution overlap index (UDOI) is preferred over the BC for analyses of HR overlap in which a measure of space sharing is desired, rather than pure distributional similarity.

2. An inferential framework for the UDOI is facilitated by a recent advancement in HR estimation called autocorrelated KDE (AKDE). AKDE explicitly accounts for autocorrelation in tracking data via the fitting of an autocorrelated movement model; uncertainty in fitted model parameters is then leveraged to obtain the uncertainty for estimates of both HR area and overlap. The UDOI is the product of two components: the average probability of encounter (APE) and the area of overlap, A1,2. Thus, we expand the existing inferential framework for the BC to include an estimator and CIs for the UDOI via developing estimators and CIs for its two components. In particular, AKDE error propagation is used to obtain CIs on the APE, while a geometric estimator is employed for estimating A1,2and its uncertainty.

3. We use simulated data exhibiting varying degrees of overlap to demonstrate that our estimators provide accurate estimates of true overlap values and our CIs provide reasonable coverage. Furthermore, an empirical case study is presented to illustrate the differential purposes of the BC and UDOI, highlighting the importance of choosing an overlap metric based on the analysis objective.

4. By expanding the existing inferential framework for overlap to include the UDOI, we provide ecological researchers with more flexibility to choose an overlap metric that is tailored to their objectives. This allows for more accurate conclusions to be drawn from HR overlap analyses when a measure of space sharing is desired. This method is available in conjunction with the open‐sourceRpackagectmm, using modified overlap functions that are now freely available.
Ultrasound for the diagnosis of shoulder dislocation and reduction: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Gottlieb Michael , Patel Daven , Marks Amy , Peksa Gary D.
Published: January 2022

Background

Shoulder dislocations are a common injury prompting presentation to the emergency department. Point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) is a diagnostic tool for shoulder dislocations, which has the potential to reduce time to diagnosis and reduction, radiation exposure, and health care costs. This systematic review sought to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of POCUS for diagnosing shoulder dislocations.

Methods

We searched PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, LILACS, the Cochrane databases, Google Scholar, and bibliographies of selected articles for all prospective and randomized controlled trials evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of POCUS for identifying shoulder dislocations. We dual‐extracted data into a predefined worksheet and performed quality analysis using the QUADAS‐2 tool. We performed a meta‐analysis with subgroup analyses by technique and transducer type. As a secondary outcome, we assessed the diagnostic accuracy of identifying associated fractures.

Results

Ten studies met our inclusion criteria, comprising 1,836 assessments with 636 dislocations (34.6%). Overall, POCUS was 100% (95% confidence interval [CI], 85.6%–100%) sensitive and 100% (95% CI, 79.4%–100%) specific for the diagnosis of shoulder dislocation with a LR+ of 11,254.8 (95% CI, 3.9–3.3e7) and a LR− of <0.1 (95% CI, < 0.1–0.2). When compared with the anterior/lateral technique, the posterior technique had greater sensitivity but no difference in specificity. There was no difference between transducer types. POCUS was also 96.8% (95% CI, 92.6%–98.7%) sensitive and 99.7% (95% CI, 92.5%–100%) specific for the diagnosis of associated fractures.

Conclusions

POCUS is a sensitive and specific tool for the rapid identification of shoulder dislocations and reductions, as well as for the detection of associated fractures. POCUS should be considered as an alternate diagnostic tool for the diagnosis and management of shoulder dislocations.
Pandemic risk disclosure in integrated reports: after COVID‐19 is hindsight 2020?
Authors: Roberts Roslyn , Jang Daun , Mubako Grace
Published: January 2022

We examine whether, and to what extent companies disclosed pandemic risk and likely impact as part of their key risks or material matters immediately prior to 2020. The integrated/annual reports of 489 companies from six global regions were examined, finding that despite clear warnings from multiple fronts that highlighted the inevitability and imminence of a global pandemic, only 15.5 percent of companies disclosed anything related to pandemic risk. Of these, 71.1 percent were boilerplate in nature, providing minimal useful information to stakeholders. This study contributes to our understanding of integrated reporting, specifically regarding the adequacy of the disclosure of material risks.
Longitudinal analyses of development of the immune system during the first five years of life in relation to lifestyle
Authors: Olin Axel , Acevedo Nathalie , Lakshmikanth Tadepally , Chen Yang , Johansson Catharina , Alm Johan , Scheynius Annika , Brodin Petter
Published: January 2022

Background

Changes in immune cell composition during the immunological window within the first years after birth are not fully understood, especially the effect that different lifestyles might have on immune cell functionality.

Methods

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from mothers and their children at birth and at two anvd five years were analyzed by mass cytometry. Immune cell composition and functionality was analyzed according to family lifestyle (anthroposophic and non‐anthroposophic).

Results

We found no significant differences in the proportions of major immune lineages between anthroposophic and non‐anthroposophic children at each time point, but there were clear changes over time in the proportions of mononuclear leukocytes, especially in B‐cells and T lymphocytes. Phenotypic distances between cord blood and maternal blood were high at birth but decreased sharply the first two years, indicating strong phenotypic convergence with maternal cells. We found that children exhibited similar stimulation responses at birth, but subsequently segregated into two discrete functional trajectories. Trajectory 1 was associated with a decrease in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFa) production by CD4+ T‐ and NK‐cells, while Trajectory 2 depicted an increase in the production of IL‐2 and interferon gamma (INFg) by T‐cells. In both trajectories, there was an increase in IL‐17A production by T‐cells resulting in prominent differences at five years of age.

Conclusions

This exploratory study suggests that leukocyte frequencies and cell phenotypes change with age in the same way across all children, while functional development follows one of two discrete trajectories that largely segregate by family lifestyle, supporting the hypothesis that early environmental exposures imprint immune cell function which may contribute to IgE sensitization. Our results also support that the first two years are critical for the environmental exposures to imprint the immune cells. Further studies with larger sample sizes are required to validate our findings.
Gig employment in the Malaysian manufacturing industry: a cross‐sectional analysis
Authors: Keshminder J.S. , Mia Md Aslam , Nourani Mohammad , Zhang Miao
Published: January 2022

Manufacturing is the primary engine of economic growth in Malaysia. This study uses data on 14,705 manufacturing firms in Malaysia to reveal that technology and labour‐intensive firms have significant negative and positive effects, respectively, on gig employment. Furthermore, firm size and growth are negatively associated with gig employment, while firm age has a positive association with such employment. Interestingly, the location variable indicated that firms in highly industrialised and relatively developed states in Malaysia (e.g. Selangor) are less inclined towards gig worker recruitment. This study provides an essential input to the dearth of literature on the gig economy, especially from the firm perspective. Also, it guides policymakers in designing industrial policies in line with changing employment trends, thereby reducing labour market disruptions.
Class 3 phosphoinositide 3‐kinase promotes hepatic glucocorticoid receptor stability and transcriptional activity
Authors: Shibayama Yui , Alkhoury Chantal , Nemazanyy Ivan , F Henneman Nathaniel , Cagnard Nicolas , Girard Muriel , Atsumi Tatsuya , Panasyuk Ganna
Published: January 2022

Aim

Lipid kinase class 3 phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K) and nuclear receptor transcription factor glucocorticoid receptor (GR) play essential physiological roles in metabolic adaptation to fasting by activating lysosomal degradation by autophagy and metabolic gene expression, yet their functional interaction is unknown. The requirement of class 3 PI3K for GR function was investigated in liver tissue.

Methods

Inactivation of class 3 PI3K was achieved through deletion of its essential regulatory subunit Vps15, by expressing Cre‐recombinase in the livers of Vps15f/f mice. The response to both 24‐h fasting and synthetic GR ligand, dexamethasone (DEX) was evaluated in control and mutant mice. Liver tissue was analysed by immunoblot, RT‐qPCR, and LC‐MS.

Results

Vps15 mutant mice show decreased transcript levels of GR targets, coupled with lower nuclear levels of total and phosphorylated on Ser211, GR protein. Acute DEX treatment and 24‐h fasting both failed to re‐activate expression of GR targets in the livers of Vps15 mutant mice to the levels observed in controls. Decreased levels of endogenous GR ligand corticosterone and lower expression of 11β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11β‐HSD1), a metabolic enzyme that controls corticosterone availability, were found in the livers of Vps15 mutants. Hepatic Vps15 depletion resulted in the activation of nuclear Akt1 signalling, which was paralleled by increased polyubiquitination of GR.

Conclusion

In the liver, class 3 PI3K is required for corticosterone metabolism and GR transcriptional activity.
Entrepreneurial orientation, entrepreneurial competencies, innovation, and performances in SMEs of Pakistan: Moderating role of social ties
Authors: Aftab Junaid , Veneziani Monica , Sarwar Huma , Ishaq Muhammad Ishtiaq
Published: January 2022

The current study examines the mediating role of innovation and entrepreneurial competencies in entrepreneurial orientation’s relationship with financial, social, and environmental performance. This research also determines the role of social ties in strengthening the association between innovation and entrepreneurial competencies with social, financial, and environmental performance. Using multi‐source and time‐lagged studies, the data was collected from 297 small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) in Pakistan, and structural equation modeling was used to test direct, indirect, and moderating hypotheses. The findings show that entrepreneurial orientation, entrepreneurial competencies, and innovation positively correlate with all the types of performance under investigation and confirm the mediating role of innovation and entrepreneurial competencies. Additionally, social network ties strengthen innovation—financial performance, and entrepreneurial competencies—social performance relationship. This research proposes significant theoretical and managerial implications by determining the impact of entrepreneurial orientation on SMEs in Pakistan.
High diagnostic accuracy of inguinal ultrasonography and fine‐needle aspiration followed by dynamic sentinel lymph node biopsy in men with impalpable and palpable inguinal lymph nodes
Authors: Lee Esther W.C. , Issa Allaudin , Oliveira Pedro , Lau Maurice , Sangar Vijay , Parnham Arie , Fankhauser Christian D.
Published: January 2022

Objectives

To assess the accuracy of dynamic sentinel lymph node biopsy (DSNB) after negative ultrasonography (US) guided fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) for inguinal lymph node (ILN) staging.

Patients and Methods

We performed a retrospective analysis of men with ≥T1G2 penile cancer and negative inguinal US‐guided FNA undergoing DSNB. Men with suspicious US but negative FNA underwent US‐guided ILN excision. Men with ≥T1G2 local recurrence during follow‐up and non‐squamous cell histologies were excluded. Descriptive analysis was performed, and sensitivity and negative predictive values (NPVs) were calculated.

Results

We included 403 men with 728 groins with negative FNA undergoing DSNB ± US‐guided LN excision. At least one sentinel LN (SN) was visualised in 93% during the first and in 7% during the second lymphoscintigraphy. The median SNs visualised preoperatively was 1 SN and a median of 2 LNs were resected. ILN metastases were detected in 9% groins in men with impalpable and in 17% men with palpable LNs. Stratified by impalpable and palpable ILN, non‐local recurrence despite pathologically negative DSNBs was seen in 0.5% and 0%, respectively. Limited to men with ≥24 months follow‐up, non‐local recurrence after negative DSNBs was seen in 0.4% and 0%, respectively. The sensitivity of DSNB was 96% and the NPV was 100%. The main limitation of this analysis is its retrospective nature with inherit biases.

Conclusions

Inguinal US and FNA followed by DSNB can accurately stage men with both impalpable and palpable ILN, which provides logistical and surgical advantages.
On the Q statistic with constant weights for standardized mean difference
Authors: Bakbergenuly Ilyas , Hoaglin David C. , Kulinskaya Elena
Published: January 2022

Cochran's Q statistic is routinely used for testing heterogeneity in meta‐analysis. Its expected value is also used in several popular estimators of the between‐study variance, . Those applications generally have not considered the implications of its use of estimated variances in the inverse‐variance weights. Importantly, those weights make approximating the distribution of Q (more explicitly, ) rather complicated. As an alternative, we investigate a new Q statistic, , whose constant weights use only the studies' effective sample sizes. For the standardized mean difference as the measure of effect, we study, by simulation, approximations to distributions of and , as the basis for tests of heterogeneity and for new point and interval estimators of . These include new DerSimonian–Kacker‐type moment estimators based on the first moment of , and novel median‐unbiased estimators. The results show that: an approximation based on an algorithm of Farebrother follows both the null and the alternative distributions of reasonably well, whereas the usual chi‐squared approximation for the null distribution of and the Biggerstaff–Jackson approximation to its alternative distribution are poor; in estimating , our moment estimator based on is almost unbiased, the Mandel – Paule estimator has some negative bias in some situations, and the DerSimonian–Laird and restricted maximum likelihood estimators have considerable negative bias; and all 95% interval estimators have coverage that is too high when , but otherwise the Q‐profile interval performs very well.
Spatial pattern of tree diversity and impacts of ecological disturbances on forest structure in tropical deciduous forests of Central India
Authors: Kumar Amit , Kumar Gajendra , Saikia Purabi , Khare Pramod K. , Khan Mohammed L.
Published: January 2022

The study examined the spatial pattern of tree diversity, their population structure, regeneration status, and impacts of ecological disturbances on forest structure in 412 forested grids in tropical deciduous forests of Central India using the belt transect method. The study recorded a total of 123 tree species of which 48 (39%) were IUCN‐red listed, with species diversity and evenness indices of 3.41 and 0.71, respectively. Tree species richness ranged from 01 to 31 species with a mean of 10 species ±0.26 SE. The total tree density was moderate (228 ind. ha−1), and a significant (p < .05) weak positive correlation (r2 = .307) was observed with tree diversity. The highest density to the total tree population was contributed by seedlings (10,345 ind. ha−1) followed by saplings (3428 ind. ha−1) and adults (228 ind. ha−1), which indicated a good regeneration status of the tree populations in studied forested grids. On the contrary, grazing (53.2%) was the major recurrent ecological disturbance followed by fuelwood collection (23.1%), forest fire (20.6%), and NTFPs collection (19.4%). There is a significant impact of disturbance frequency (recurrent, occasional, or undisturbed) on tree species richness (F2,804 = 55.83,p < .001), density (F2,804 = 50.36,p < .001), and dominance (F2,804 = 11.14,p < .001). The vital baseline information gathered in this study will be helpful in formulating forest management strategies to conserve the highly diverse tropical deciduous forests in Central India.