bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical characteristics of patients with laboratory-confirmed influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 during the 2013/2014 and 2015/2016 clade 6B/6B.1/6B.2-predominant outbreaks
Authors: Hsieh Yu-Chia , Tsao Kuo-Chien , Huang Ching-Tai , Chang Kuang-Yi , Huang Yhu-Chering , Gong Yu-Nong
Published: October 2018

A novel pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus emerged in 2009 globally, and it continues to circulate in humans. The National Influenza Surveillance Network in Taiwan identified five A(H1N1)pdm09-predominant seasons, representing the 2009/2010, 2010/2011, 2012/2013, 2013/2014, and 2015/2016 outbreaks from 2009 to 2016. Independently, a retrospective cohort study (which enrolled 639 infected patients during the five seasons) was conducted at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital to explore the risk factors associated with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09-related complications. A phylogenetic analysis of hemagglutinin (HA) sequences showed that the circulating A(H1N1)pdm09 virus belonged to clades 1, 2, and 8 in 2009/2010; clades 3, 4, 5, and 7 in 2010/2011; clades 7 and 6C in 2012/2013; clades 6B in 2013/2014; and 6B/6B.1/6B.2 in 2015/2016. Compared to individuals infected in non-6B/6B.1/6B.2 seasons (2009/2010, 2010/2011, and 2012/2013), those infected in 6B/6B.1/6B.2 seasons (2013/2014 and 2015/2016) were at higher risk for influenza-related complications (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.6, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.0–2.8), pneumonia (aOR: 1.78, 95% CI: 1.04–3.04), mechanical ventilation (aOR: 2.6, 95% CI: 1.2–5.6), and acute respiratory distress syndrome (aOR: 5.5, 95% CI: 1.9–15.9). For the increased severity of infection during the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 clade 6B/6B.1/6B.2 seasons, aspects related to the antigenic change of A(H1N1)pdm09 virus, immune response of the host, and environmental factors required further investigation.
Sensitivity to near-future CO2 conditions in marine crabs depends on their compensatory capacities for salinity change
Authors: Whiteley Nia M. , Suckling Coleen C. , Ciotti Benjamin J. , Brown James , McCarthy Ian D. , Gimenez Luis , Hauton Chris
Published: October 2018

Marine crabs inhabit shallow coastal/estuarine habitats particularly sensitive to climate change, and yet we know very little about the diversity of their responses to environmental change. We report the effects of a rarely studied, but increasingly prevalent, combination of environmental factors, that of near-futurepCO2(~1000 µatm) and a physiologically relevant 20% reduction in salinity. We focused on two crab species with differing abilities to cope with natural salinity change, and revealed via physiological and molecular studies that salinity had an overriding effect on ion exchange in the osmoregulating shore crab,Carcinus maenas. This species was unaffected by elevated CO2, and was able to hyper-osmoregulate and maintain haemolymph pH homeostasis for at least one year. By contrast, the commercially important edible crab,Cancer pagurus, an osmoconformer, had limited ion-transporting capacities, which were unresponsive to dilute seawater. Elevated CO2disrupted haemolymph pH homeostasis, but there was some respite in dilute seawater due to a salinity-induced metabolic alkalosis (increase in HCO3−at constantpCO2). Ultimately,Cancer paguruswas poorly equipped to compensate for change, and exposures were limited to 9 months. Failure to understand the full spectrum of species-related vulnerabilities could lead to erroneous predictions of the impacts of a changing marine climate.
Modelling Dolphin Distribution to Inform Future Spatial Conservation Decisions in a Marine Protected Area
Authors: Passadore Cecilia , Möller Luciana M. , Diaz-Aguirre Fernando , Parra Guido J.
Published: October 2018

As marine predators experience increasing anthropogenic pressures, there is an urgent need to understand their distribution and their drivers to inform spatial conservation planning. We used an ensemble modelling approach to investigate the spatio-temporal distribution of southern Australian bottlenose dolphins (Tursiopscf.australis) in relation to a variety of ecogeographical and anthropogenic variables in Coffin Bay, Thorny Passage Marine Park, South Australia. Further, we evaluated the overlap between current spatial management measures and important dolphin habitat. Dolphins showed no distinct seasonal shifts in distribution patterns. Models of the entire study area indicate that zones of high probability of dolphin occurrence were located mainly within the inner area of Coffin Bay. In the inner area, zones with high probability of dolphin occurrence were associated with shallow waters (2–4 m and 7–10 m) and located within 1,000 m from land and 2,500 m from oyster farms. The multi-modal response curve of depth in the models likely shows how the different dolphin communities in Coffin Bay occupy different embayments characterized by distinct depth patterns. The majority of areas of high (>0.6) probability of dolphin occurrence are outside sanctuary zones where multiple human activities are allowed. The inner area of Coffin Bay is an important area of year-round habitat suitability for dolphins. Our results can inform future spatial conservation decisions and improve protection of important dolphin habitat.
Bacterial and archaeal community structures in perennial cave ice
Authors: Itcus Corina , Pascu Madalina D. , Lavin Paris , Perşoiu Aurel , Iancu Lavinia , Purcarea Cristina
Published: October 2018

Ice entrenched microcosm represents a vast reservoir of novel species and a proxy for past climate reconstitution. Among glacial ecosystems, ice caves represent one of the scarcely investigated frozen habitats. To characterize the microbial diversity of perennial ice from karst ecosystems, Roche 454 sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons from the underground ice block of Scarisoara Ice Cave (Romania) was applied. The temporal distribution of bacterial and archaeal community structures from newly formed, 400, and 900 years old ice layers was surveyed and analyzed in relation with the age and geochemical composition of the ice substrate. The microbial content of cave ice layers varied from 3.3 104up to 7.5 105cells mL−1, with 59–78% viability. Pyrosequencing generated 273,102 reads for the five triplicate ice samples, which corresponded to 3,464 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The distribution of the bacterial phyla in the perennial cave ice varied with age, organic content, and light exposure. Proteobacteria dominated the 1 and 900 years old organic rich ice deposits, while Actinobacteria was mostly found in 900 years old ice strata, and Firmicutes was best represented in 400 years old ice. Cyanobacteria and Chlorobi representatives were identified mainly from the ice block surface samples exposed to sunlight. Archaea was observed only in older ice strata, with a high incidence of Crenarchaeota and Thaumarchaeaota in the 400 years old ice, while Euryarchaeota dominated the 900 years old ice layers, with Methanomicrobia representing the predominant taxa. A large percentage (55.7%) of 16S rRNA gene amplicons corresponded to unidentified OTUs at genus or higher taxa levels, suggesting a greater undiscovered bacterial diversity in this glacial underground habitat. The prokaryotes distribution across the cave ice block revealed the presence of 99 phylotypes specific for different ice layers, in addition to the shared microbial community. Ice geochemistry represented an important factor that explained the microbial taxa distribution in the cave ice block, while the total organic carbon content had a direct impact on the cell density of the ice microcosm. Both bacterial and archaeal community structures appeared to be affected by climate variations during the ice formation, highlighting the cave ice microbiome as a source of putative paleoclimatic biomarkers. This report constitutes the first high-throughput sequencing study of the cave ice microbiome and its distribution across the perennial underground glacier of an alpine ice cave.
Investigation on the adsorption of phosphorus in all fractions from sediment by modified maifanite
Authors: Liu Zisen , Zhang Yi , Han Fan , Yan Pan , Liu Biyun , Zhou Qiaohong , Min Fenli , He Feng , Wu Zhenbin
Published: October 2018

Sediment phosphorus (P) removal is crucial for the control of eutrophication, and the in-situ adsorption is an essential technique. In this study, modified maifanite (MMF) prepared by acidification, alkalization, salinization, calcination and combined modifications, respectively, were first applied to treat sediment P. The morphology and microstructure of MMF samples were characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). Various adsorption parameters were tested, such as dosage of maifanite, time, operation pH and temperature. The adsorption mechanisms were also investigated and discussed. Results showed that CMMF-H2.5-400 (2.5 mol/L H2SO4 and calcined at 400 °C) exhibited the highest P adsorption capacity. Thus, it was selected as the in-situ adsorbent material to control the internal P loading. Under the optimal conditions of dynamic experiments, the adsorption rates of TP, IP, OP, Fe/Al-P and Ca-P by CMMF-H2.5-400 were 37.22%, 44.41%, 25.54%, 26.09% and 60.34%, respectively. The adsorption mechanisms analysis revealed that the adsorption of P onto CMMF-H2.5-400 mainly by ligand exchange. Results of this work indicated that the modification treatment could improve the adsorption capacity of maifanite, and CMMF-H2.5-400 could be further applied to eutrophication treatment.
A simple colorimetric sensor for the detection of moisture in organic solvents and building materials: applications in rewritable paper and fingerprint imaging
Authors: Kumar Pawan , Ghosh Amrita , Jose D. Amilan
Published: October 2018

A simple off-the-shelf dye molecule quinizarin (1), has been investigated for the effective detection of moisture in organic solvents and building materials. Anion-induced deprotonation followed by re-protonation with moisture is the working principle of the sensor system.
Towards a quantum cascade laser-based implant for the continuous monitoring of glucose
Authors: Isensee Katharina , Müller Niklas , Pucci Annemarie , Petrich Wolfgang
Published: October 2018

Anin vitroinvestigation of a quantum cascade laser-based transflection optofluidic interface for the continuous glucose monitoring in biofluids is presented with respect to its glucose sensitivity and specificity, its glucose exchange time, its resistance against temperature variations and its long-term stability.
Raman spectroscopy of stored red blood cell concentrate within sealed transfusion blood bags
Authors: Vardaki M. Z. , Atkins C. G. , Schulze H. G. , Devine D. V. , Serrano K. , Blades M. W. , Turner R. F. B.
Published: October 2018

Spectral information relevant to the quality of stored blood can be obtainedin situthrough sealed blood transfusion bags using a commercially available instrument.
Quantitative imaging of lipid droplets in single cells
Authors: Gupta Anushka , Dorlhiac Gabriel F. , Streets Aaron M.
Published: October 2018

Non-destructive spatial characterization of lipid droplets using coherent Raman scattering microscopy and computational image analysis algorithms at the single-cell level.
Microfluidic bioanalytical flow cells for biofilm studies: a review
Authors: Pousti Mohammad , Zarabadi Mir Pouyan , Abbaszadeh Amirdehi Mehran , Paquet-Mercier François , Greener Jesse
Published: October 2018

A comprehensive review of the current state of microfluidic bioanalytical research applied to bacterial biofilms.
A new access route to dimetal sandwich complexes, including a radical anion
Authors: Labrum Nicholas S. , Losovyj Yaroslav , Caulton Kenneth G.
Published: October 2018

A new approach for the synthesis of low valent metal sandwich complexes showing the unanticipated ease with which silylamides can function as leaving groups resulting in a 1D polymer of the repeating unit, [K(18-crown-6)][Cr2(C10H8)2], has been described.
Redox-dependent conformational changes of a proximal [4Fe–4S] cluster in Hyb-type [NiFe]-hydrogenase to protect the active site from O2
Authors: Noor Noor Dina Muhd , Matsuura Hiroaki , Nishikawa Koji , Tai Hulin , Hirota Shun , Kim Jaehyun , Kang Jiyoung , Tateno Masaru , Yoon Ki-Seok , Ogo Seiji , Kubota Shintaro , Shomura Yasuhito , Higuchi Yoshiki
Published: October 2018

Citrobacter sp. S-77 [NiFe]-hydrogenase harbors a standard [4Fe–4S] cluster proximal to the Ni–Fe active site.
3-Homoacyl coumarin: an all carbon 1,3-dipole for enantioselective concerted (3+2) cycloaddition
Authors: Chen Yi-Ru , Ganapuram Madhusudhan Reddy , Hsieh Kai-Hong , Chen Kai-Han , Karanam Praneeth , Vagh Sandip Sambhaji , Liou Yan-Cheng , Lin Wenwei
Published: October 2018

A stereoselective concerted (3+2) cycloaddition is demonstrated from 3-homoacyl coumarins and alkylidene indandiones, resulting in fused spirocyclopentanes bearing four contiguous stereocenters.
Tunability of fluorescent metal–organic frameworks through dynamic spacer installation with multivariate fluorophores
Authors: Chen Cheng-Xia , Qiu Qian-Feng , Pan Mei , Cao Chen-Chen , Zhu Neng-Xiu , Wang Hai-Ping , Jiang Ji-Jun , Wei Zhang-Wen , Su Cheng-Yong
Published: October 2018

Through dynamic spacer installation, five fluorescent metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been constructed based on a proto-MOF LIFM-28 and multivariate fluorophores.
Correction: Magnetically recoverable Cu0/Fe3O4 catalyzed highly regioselective synthesis of 2,3,4-trisubstituted pyrroles from unactivated terminal alkynes and isocyanides
Authors: Tiwari Dipak Kumar , Phanindrudu Mandalaparthi , Aravilli Vinod Kumar , Sridhar B. , Likhar Pravin R. , Tiwari Dharmendra Kumar
Published: October 2018

Correction for ‘Magnetically recoverable Cu0/Fe3O4 catalyzed highly regioselective synthesis of 2,3,4-trisubstituted pyrroles from unactivated terminal alkynes and isocyanides’ by Dipak Kumar Tiwari et al., Chem. Commun., 2016, 52, 4675–4678.
Effect of methylation of ionic liquids on the gas separation performance of ionic liquid/metal–organic framework composites
Authors: Nozari Vahid , Zeeshan Muhammad , Keskin Seda , Uzun Alper
Published: October 2018

[BMIM][PF6] and its methylated form, [BMMIM][PF6] were incorporated into CuBTC to examine the effect of methylation of ionic liquids (ILs) on the gas separation performance of the corresponding IL/metal–organic framework (MOF) composites.
Bi5O7NO3 and Ag/Bi5O7NO3 composites: one-step solution combustion synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic properties
Authors: Du Xiaoni , Wang Xiaohong , Xiao Yang
Published: October 2018

In the present study, Bi5O7NO3 and Ag/Bi5O7NO3 composites, as novel efficient photocatalysts, were synthesized via a one-step solution combustion synthesis (SCS) using bismuth nitrate (Bi(NO3)3·5H2O) as an oxidant, tartaric acid (C4H6O6) as a fuel, and silver nitrate (AgNO3) as an Ag source.
Crystal morphology evolution of Ni–Co layered double hydroxide nanostructure towards high-performance biotemplate asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Jing Chuan , Liu Xiaoli , Liu Xiaoying , Jiang Debin , Dong Biqin , Dong Fan , Wang Jinshu , Li Nan , Lan Tian , Zhang Yuxin
Published: October 2018

Hierarchical three-dimensional (3D) porous structures of nickel–cobalt layered double hydroxide (LDH) are grown on diatomite biotemplate via one-step hydrothermal method.
Spin density distributions on graphene clusters and ribbons with carbene-like active sites
Authors: Oyarzún Andrea M. , Latham Christopher D. , Radovic Ljubisa R. , Briddon Patrick R. , Rayson Mark J.
Published: October 2018

This paper characterizes graphene edges with carbene-like zigzag sites on both polyaromatic hydrocarbons and graphene-nanoribbons.
Gas–liquid phase equilibrium of a model Langmuir monolayer captured by a multiscale approach
Authors: Moghimikheirabadi Ahmad , Sagis Leonard M. C. , Kröger Martin , Ilg Patrick
Published: October 2018

We here propose a multiscale approach that allows the gas–liquid expanded phase equilibrium of a Langmuir monolayer to be studied efficiently by coarse-grained two-dimensional simulations and density functional theory.
Configurationally flexible zinc complexes as catalysts for rac-lactide polymerisation
Authors: Daneshmand Pargol , Michalsky Ina , Aguiar Pedro M. , Schaper Frank
Published: October 2018

Introduction of catalytic site flexibility (fast racemisation) into a previously reported zinc alkoxide catalyst afforded a slight preference for isotactic lactide polymerization via catalytic-site mediated chain-end control.
The coordination chemistry of lanthanide and actinide metal ions with hydroxypyridinone-based decorporation agents: orbital and density based analyses
Authors: Sadhu Biswajit , Mishra Vijayakriti
Published: October 2018

Ligand-to-metal charge transfer, orbital-mixing, chelatoaromatic effect and topological constraints control the binding of lanthanide and actinide ions to hydroxypyridinone-based decorporation agents.
Vapochromic and chemiresistive characteristics of a nanostructured molecular material composed of a zinc(ii)-salophen complex
Authors: Oliveri Ivan Pietro , Malandrino Graziella , Mirabella Salvo , Di Bella Santo
Published: October 2018

A ZnII Schiff-base complex shows vapochromic and chemiresistive behaviour when exposed to vapours of a Lewis base.
Matching intermittency and electricity storage characteristics through time scale analysis: an energy return on investment comparison
Authors: Clerjon Arthur , Perdu Fabien
Published: October 2018

The darker the more relevant a storage device will be to handle the variability of renewable energy sources, from an energy return on investment standpoint.
Protective effects of sesamol on systemic oxidative stress-induced cognitive impairments via regulation of Nrf2/Keap1 pathway
Authors: Ren Bo , Yuan Tian , Diao Zhijun , Zhang Chenxi , Liu Zhigang , Liu Xuebo
Published: October 2018

Sesamol treatment alleviated systemic oxidative stress induced cognitive deficits via improving neuronal impairments, restoring antioxidant activities and up-regulating antioxidative signaling pathway.
Green synthesis of high-performance LiFePO4 nanocrystals in pure water
Authors: Yang Jinxing , Li Zhaojin , Guang Tianjia , Hu Minmin , Cheng Renfei , Wang Ruoyu , Shi Chao , Chen Jixin , Hou Pengxiang , Zhu Kongjun , Wang Xiaohui
Published: October 2018

A green and sustainable strategy to synthesize high-performance LiFePO4 nanocrystals in water without by involving any organic solvents.
Shear stress induces expression, intracellular reorganization and enhanced Notch activation potential of Jagged1
Authors: Driessen R. C. H. , Stassen O. M. J. A. , Sjöqvist M. , Suarez Rodriguez F. , Grolleman J. , Bouten C. V. C. , Sahlgren C. M.
Published: October 2018

Shear stress induces a ligand specific Jagged1 response and enhanced signal sending potential in endothelial cells.
Synthesis and antiviral activity of novel spirocyclic nucleosides
Authors: Cobb Alexander J. A. , Dell’Isola Antonio , Abdulsattar Ban O. , McLachlan Matthew M. W. , Neuman Benjamin W. , Müller Christin , Shankland Kenneth , Al-Mulla Hawaa M. N. , Binks Alexander W. D. , Elvidge Warren
Published: October 2018

A diverse range of spirocyclic nucleosides have been prepared from a common precursor and tested for their antiviral activity.
Synthesis and non-volatile electrical memory characteristics of triphenylamine-based polyimides with flexibility segments
Authors: Yang Yanhua , Xia Jing-Cheng , Zheng Youxuan , Shen Yingzhong , Gou Gaozhang
Published: October 2018

Two triphenylamine-based polyimides (PI(TPA-PMDA) and PI(TPA-BPDA)) containing a flexibility segments were prepared. The memory device of ITO/PI(TPA-PMDA)/Al exhibited write-once read-many-times (WORM) memory behavior, however, the memory device of PI(TPA-BPDA) demonstrated flash-type memory characteristics.
Geometric modulation of induced plasmonic circular dichroism in nanoparticle assemblies based on backaction and field enhancement
Authors: Bao Zhi Yong , Dai Jiyan , Zhang Qiang , Ho Kwun Hei , Li Siqi , Chan Cheuk Ho , Zhang Wei , Lei Dang Yuan
Published: October 2018

The interplay between local field enhancement and backaction determines plasmonic chiral responses and leads to widely tunable geometry-dependent optical activities.
Copper-catalysed synthesis of alkylidene 2-pyrrolinone derivatives from the combination of α-keto amides and alkynes
Authors: Tan Qian Wen , Chovatia Praful , Willis Michael C.
Published: October 2018

A Cu(i)-catalysed addition and cyclisation sequence has been developed for the synthesis of (E)-alkylidene pyrrolinone derivatives using simple α-keto amides and alkynes as substrates.
Next generation diversity-oriented synthesis: a paradigm shift from chemical diversity to biological diversity
Authors: Pavlinov Ivan , Gerlach Erica M. , Aldrich Leslie N.
Published: October 2018

Diversity-oriented synthesis adds biological performance as a new diversity element.
Base-catalyzed selective esterification of alcohols with unactivated esters
Authors: Zhang Chunyan , Zhang Guoying , Luo Shizhong , Wang Chunfu , Li Huiping
Published: October 2018

tert-Butyl esters were identified as efficient esterification reagents for base-catalyzed esterification reactions, and mechanistic studies provided evidence of an exchange of the tert-butyl alkoxide metal with alcohol.
Poly(meth)acrylate-PVDF core–shell particles from emulsion polymerization: preferential formation of the PVDF β crystal phase
Authors: Brandl Florian , Thünemann Andreas F. , Beuermann Sabine
Published: October 2018

PVDF-poly(methacrylate) core–shell particles prepared via emulsion polymerization preferentially show β phase PVDF crystallinity.
Polymerization of long chain alkyl glycidyl ethers: a platform for micellar gels with tailor-made melting points
Authors: Verkoyen Patrick , Johann Tobias , Blankenburg Jan , Czysch Christian , Frey Holger
Published: October 2018

Controlled polymerization of long-chain alkyl glycidyl ethers (AlkGE) under anionic ring opening conditions is enabled by the addition of 18-crown-6. Capitalizing on this strategy, highly amphiphilic block copolymers are prepared that form hydrogels with adjustable melting points.
Investigation of dual-bend serpentine/spiral waveguides coupled to a microchannel system for competent, evanescent-wave-absorption-based, on-chip, biological-/chemical-sensing applications
Authors: Prabhakar Amit , Mishra Neha , Verma Deepti , Mukherji Soumyo
Published: October 2018

The reported device is a versatile sensing-platform, with high sensitivity, for any chemical/biological-sensing applications, if suitable surface adaptation is first performed to the microchannel-system-embedded duel-bend waveguide-probe.
Heterogeneous graphene oxide as recyclable catalyst for azomethine ylide mediated 1,3 dipolar cycloaddition reaction in aqueous medium
Authors: Reddy Marri Sameer , Kumar Nandigama Satish , Chowhan L. Raju
Published: October 2018

Graphene oxide (GO) catalyzed regio and diastereoselective synthesis of spiro-indenoquinoxaline pyrrolizidines and spiro-oxindoles pyrrolizidines is described with good substrate scope and yield using azomethine ylide under aq. EtOH condition at RT.
Effect of metal–ligand ratio on the CO2 adsorption properties of Cu–BTC metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Liu Yuanyuan , Liu Suqin , Gonçalves Alexandre A. S. , Jaroniec Mietek
Published: October 2018

Initially, in the synthesis of Cu–BTC MOFs some fraction of Cu was expected to be replaced with Mg to enhance its CO2 adsorption properties.
Folding of unstructured peptoids and formation of hetero-bimetallic peptoid complexes upon side-chain-to-metal coordination
Authors: Baskin Maria , Zhu Hui , Qu Zheng-Wang , Chill Jordan H. , Grimme Stefan , Maayan Galia
Published: October 2018

Metal ions initiate peptoids helicity that lead to positive allosteric cooperativity.
Streptavidin interfacing as a general strategy to localize fluorescent membrane tension probes in cells
Authors: Goujon Antoine , Straková Karolína , Sakai Naomi , Matile Stefan
Published: October 2018

Site-specific labeling with biotinylated mechanophores is probed to address the next challenge toward the imaging of forces in cells.
A bismuth oxide/graphene oxide nanocomposite membrane showing super proton conductivity and low methanol permeability
Authors: Liu Bailing , Cheng Dongming , Zhu Haotian , Du Jing , Li Ke , Zang Hong-Ying , Tan Huaqiao , Wang Yonghui , Xing Wei , Li Yangguang
Published: October 2018

A new super proton-conducting {H6Bi12O16}/GO membrane with high chemical and thermal stability was synthesised via a vacuum-assisted filtration method.
A metal–organic gel based on Fe(iii) and bi-pyridine ligand for template synthesis of core/shell composite polymer nanowires
Authors: Li Botian , Xiao Da , Deng Dongsheng , Ye Haimu , Zhou Qiong , Tang Liming
Published: October 2018

In this study, the self-supporting composite polymer nanowires were synthesized using a thermal-stable Fe(iii) metal–organic gel as template.
A facile approach to achieve bioinspired PDMS@Fe3O4 fabric with switchable wettability for liquid transport and water collection
Authors: Li Deke , Huang Jinxia , Han Guocai , Guo Zhiguang
Published: October 2018

The robust PDMS@Fe3O4 fabric can be switched between the superhydrophobic state and slippery state via an external magnetic field and shows excellent directional water transport, self-cleaning and water collection properties.
Application of a deep convolutional neural network in the diagnosis of neonatal ocular fundus hemorrhage
Authors: Wang Binbin , Xiao Li , Liu Yang , Wang Jing , Liu Beihong , Li Tengyan , Ma Xu , Zhao Yi
Published: October 2018

There is a disparity between the increasing application of digital retinal imaging to neonatal ocular screening and slowly growing number of pediatric ophthalmologists. Assistant tools that can automatically detect ocular disorders may be needed. In present study, we develop a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) for automated classification and grading of retinal hemorrhage. We used 48,996 digital fundus images from 3770 newborns with retinal hemorrhage of different severity (grade 1, 2 and 3) and normal controls from a large cross-sectional investigation in China. The DCNN was trained for automated grading of retinal hemorrhage (multiclass classification problem: hemorrhage-free and grades 1, 2 and 3) and then validated for its performance level. The DCNN yielded an accuracy of 97.85 to 99.96%, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.989–1.000 in the binary classification of neonatal retinal hemorrhage (i.e., one classification vs. the others). The overall accuracy with regard to the multiclass classification problem was 97.44%. This is the first study to show that a DCNN can detect and grade neonatal retinal hemorrhage at high performance levels. Artificial intelligence will play more positive roles in ocular healthcare of newborns and children.
GCN5 inhibition prevents IL-6-induced prostate cancer metastases through PI3K/PTEN/Akt signaling by inactivating Egr-1
Authors: Shao Guangfeng , Liu Yuqiang , Ma Tianjia , Zhang Lei , Yuan Mingzhen , Zhao Shengtian
Published: October 2018

General control non-derepressible 5 (GCN5) is ectopically expressed in different types of human cancer and association with the carcinogenesis, development, and poor prognosis of cancers. The present study was aimed to investigate the potential role and related mechanisms of GCN5 in IL-6–treated prostate cancer (PCa) cell. The results showed that an elevated GCN5 expression was stimulated by IL-6. Knockdown of GCN5 significantly inhibited IL-6–driven proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Moreover, early growth response-1 (Egr-1) expression was elevated by IL-6 treatment and GCN5 siRNA down-regulated the expression of Egr-1. Furthermore, overexpression of Egr-1 attenuated the effects of GCN5 silence on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT in PCa. Besides, knockdown of GCN5 resulted in the down-regulation of p-Akt and up-regulation of PTEN, which was partly impeded by Egr-1 overexpression. The effects of GCN5 overexpression on cell proliferation and invasion were suppressed by LY294002, In conclusion, these data demonstrated the negative effect of up-regulated GCN5 in IL-6-induced metastasis and EMT in PCa cells through PI3K/PTEN/Akt signaling pathway down-regulating Egr-1 expression.
Systematic identification of Celastrol-binding proteins reveals that Shoc2 is inhibited by Celastrol
Authors: Xiao-pei Huang , Ji-kuai Chen , Xue Wei , Dong Yi-Fan , Yan Lang , Xiao-fang Zhang , Ya-min Pan , Wen-jun Chang , Jiang-bo Zhu
Published: October 2018

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer. Celastrol exhibits anti-tumor activities in a variety of cancers. However, the effect of Celastrol on human CRC and the underlying mechanisms still need to be elucidated. The present study aimed to use in vitro and in vivo methods to clarify the anti-tumor effect of Celastrol and use protein microarrays to explore its mechanisms. We demonstrated that Celastrol effectively inhibited SW480 CRC cell proliferation. Two weeks of Celastrol gavage significantly inhibited the growth of xenografts in nude mice. A total of 69 candidate proteins were identified in the protein microarray experiment, including the most highly enriched protein Shoc2, which is a scaffold protein that modulates cell motility and metastasis through the ERK pathway. Celastrol significantly inhibited ERK1/2 phosphorylation in cell lines and xenograft tumors. Down-regulation of Shoc2 expression using Shoc2 siRNA also inhibited ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Furthermore, down-regulation of Shoc2 expression also significantly inhibited proliferation, colony formation, and migration functions of tumor cells. In addition, the LD0 of Celastrol by gavage is equal or more than 80 mg/kg in C57 male mice. In summary, we unraveled the anti-CRC function of Celastrol and confirmed for the first time that it inhibited the ERK1/2 pathway through binding to Shoc2.
Efficacy comparisons of enteral nutrition and parenteral nutrition in patients with severe acute pancreatitis: a meta-analysis from randomized controlled trials
Authors: Wu Ping , Li Liang , Sun Weijia
Published: October 2018

We conducted a comprehensive analysis to evaluate the treatment efficacy and safety of enteral nutrition (EN) and parenteral nutrition (PN) in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) patients, and to provide a basis for their evidence based application in a clinical setting. We conducted a systematic online search of the PubMed, Web of Science, Wanfang, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases, from their inception to November 2017. Studies were subjected to further screening if they met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Eleven studies were subjected to qualitative and quantitative synthesis; these included a total of 562 patients (281 for EN and 281 for PN). No significant heterogeneity across studies was found. The results indicated that EN can significantly decrease the mortality rate (relative risk [RR] = 0.43, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.23–0.78, P=0.006), and lowers the risk of infection and complications (RR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.39–0.71, P=0.000) more so than does PN. The EN group had a similar risk of multiple organ failure (MOF) compared with the PN group (RR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.39–1.02, P=0.059). The use of EN was also found to significantly reduce mean hospitalization time (mean difference = −2.93, 95% CI: −4.52–1.34, P=0.000). No publication bias was found. Our meta-analysis suggested that EN, but not PN, significantly reduced the risk of mortality, infection, and complications for patients with SAP. EN support also decreased the rate of MOF and surgical intervention. EN is recommended as an initial treatment option for patients with SAP.
Metabolic engineering of CHO cells to prepare glycoproteins
Authors: Wang Qiong , Betenbaugh Michael J.
Published: October 2018

As a complex and common post-translational modification, N-linked glycosylation affects a recombinant glycoprotein's biological activity and efficacy. For example, the α1,6-fucosylation significantly affects antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and α2,6-sialylation is critical for antibody anti-inflammatory activity. Terminal sialylation is important for a glycoprotein's circulatory half-life. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are currently the predominant recombinant protein production platform, and, in this review, the characteristics of CHO glycosylation are summarized. Moreover, recent and current metabolic engineering strategies for tailoring glycoprotein fucosylation and sialylation in CHO cells, intensely investigated in the past decades, are described. One approach for reducing α1,6-fucosylation is through inhibiting fucosyltransferase (FUT8) expression by knockdown and knockout methods. Another approach to modulate fucosylation is through inhibition of multiple genes in the fucosylation biosynthesis pathway or through chemical inhibitors. To modulate antibody sialylation of the fragment crystallizable region, expressions of sialyltransferase and galactotransferase individually or together with amino acid mutations can affect antibody glycoforms and further influence antibody effector functions. The inhibition of sialidase expression and chemical supplementations are also effective and complementary approaches to improve the sialylation levels on recombinant glycoproteins. The engineering of CHO cells or protein sequence to control glycoforms to produce more homogenous glycans is an emerging topic. For modulating the glycosylation metabolic pathways, the interplay of multiple glyco-gene knockouts and knockins and the combination of multiple approaches, including genetic manipulation, protein engineering and chemical supplementation, are detailed in order to achieve specific glycan profiles on recombinant glycoproteins for superior biological function and effectiveness.
Developing correlation indices to identify coordinated cyber‐attacks on power grids
Authors: Moya Christian , Wang Jiankang
Published: October 2018

Increasing reliance on Information and Communication Technology exposes the power grid to cyber‐attacks. In particular, Coordinated Cyber‐Attacks (CCAs) are considered highly threatening and difficult to defend against, because they (i) possess higher disruptiveness by integrating greater resources from multiple attack entities, and (ii) present heterogeneous traits in cyber‐space and the physical grid by hitting multiple targets to achieve the attack goal. Thus, and as opposed to independent attacks, whose severity is limited by the power grid's redundancy, CCAs could inflict disastrous consequences, such as blackouts. In this study, the authors propose a method to develop Correlation Indices to defend against CCAs on static control applications. These proposed indices relate the targets of CCAs with attack goals on the power grid. Compared to related works, the proposed indices present the benefits of deployment simplicity and are capable of detecting more sophisticated attacks, such as measurement attacks. The method is demonstrated using measurement attacks against Security Constrained Economic Dispatch.
Optimisation design of real‐time wireless power supply system overhead high‐voltage power line
Authors: Wang Wei , Zhu Zhongbin , Wang Qi , Hu Minqiang
Published: October 2018

Efficient and reliable power supply has been considered as the fundamentality of applying monitoring equipment overhead high‐voltage power line (HVPL). Several kinds of energy harvesting devices are investigated and compared. A new power supply scheme, which integrates the online energy harvesting device and the wireless power transfer (WPT) system, is presented. Optimisation design of online energy harvesting device is analysed emphatically by taking both HVPL insulation distance and wireless power supply efficiency into account. For further increasing the harvested energy from power lines, this study discusses the design of specific device structure and the accurate calculation of maximum output power. It is found that essential parameters and exciting current angle contribute to more extracting energy. Meanwhile, in order to expand the transmitting distance with high efficiency, the WPT system with double relay coils is selected. The charging threshold voltage of the load can be further optimised under different transmitting distances by adopting an AC–DC voltage‐doubling rectifier circuit. Simulation and experimental studies show that when the transmitting distance is >1 m, the monitoring equipment can also be charged in a reliable way, which also verifies the correctness and feasibility of the system.
Hot bubbles of planetary nebulae with hydrogen-deficient winds
Authors: Heller R. , Jacob R. , Schönberner D. , Steffen M.
Published: October 2018

Context.The first high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy of a planetary nebula, BD +30° 3639, opened the possibility to study plasma conditions and chemical compositions of X-ray emitting “hot” bubbles of planetary nebulae in much greater detail than before.

Aims.We investigate (i) how diagnostic line ratios are influenced by the bubble’s thermal structure and chemical profile, (ii) whether the chemical composition inside the bubble of BD +30° 3639 is consistent with the hydrogen-poor composition of the stellar photosphere and wind, and (iii) whether hydrogen-rich nebular matter has already been added to the bubble of BD +30° 3639 by evaporation.

Methods.We applied an analytical, one-dimensional (1D) model for wind-blown bubbles with temperature and density profiles based on self-similar solutions including thermal conduction. We also constructed heat-conduction bubbles with a chemical stratification. The X-ray emission was computed using the well-documented CHIANTI code. These bubble models are used to re-analyse the high-resolution X-ray spectrum from the hot bubble of BD +30° 3639.

Results.We found that our 1D heat-conducting bubble models reproduce the observed line ratios much better than plasmas with single electron temperatures. In particular, all the temperature- and abundance-sensitive line ratios are consistent with BD +30° 3639 X-ray observations for (i) an intervening column density of neutral hydrogen,NH= 0.20-0.10+0.05× 1022cm−2, (ii) a characteristic bubble X-ray temperature ofTX= 1.8 ± 0.1 MK together with (iii) a very high neon mass fraction of about 0.05, virtually as high as that of oxygen. For lower values ofNH, we cannot exclude the possibility that the hot bubble of BD +30° 3639 contains a small amount of “evaporated” (or mixed) hydrogen-rich nebular matter. Given the possible range ofNH, the fraction of evaporated hydrogen-rich matter cannot exceed 3% of the bubble mass.

Conclusions.The diffuse X-ray emission from BD +30° 3639 can be well explained by models of wind-blown bubbles with thermal conduction and a chemical composition equal to that of the hydrogen-poor and carbon-, oxygen-, and neon-rich stellar surface.
The infant bow shock: a new frontier at a weak activity comet
Authors: Gunell Herbert , Goetz Charlotte , Wedlund Cyril Simon , Lindkvist Jesper , Hamrin Maria , Nilsson Hans , Llera Kristie , Eriksson Anders , Holmström Mats
Published: October 2018

The bow shock is the first boundary the solar wind encounters as it approaches planets or comets. The Rosetta spacecraft was able to observe the formation of a bow shock by following comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko toward the Sun, through perihelion, and back outward again. The spacecraft crossed the newly formed bow shock several times during two periods a few months before and after perihelion; it observed an increase in magnetic field magnitude and oscillation amplitude, electron and proton heating at the shock, and the diminution of the solar wind further downstream. Rosetta observed a cometary bow shock in its infancy, a stage in its development not previously accessible to in situ measurements at comets and planets.
Ergodic control of infinite-dimensional stochastic differential equations with degenerate noise
Authors: Cosso Andrea , Guatteri Giuseppina , Tessitore Gianmario
Published: October 2018

This paper is devoted to the study of the asymptotic behaviour of the value functions of both finite and infinite horizon stochastic control problems and to the investigation of their relationship with suitable stochastic ergodic control problems. Our methodology is based only on probabilistic techniques, as, for instance, the so-called randomisation of the control method, thus avoiding completely analytical tools from the theory of viscosity solutions. We are then able to treat with the case where the state process takes values in a general (possibly infinite-dimensional) real separable Hilbert space, and the diffusion coefficient is allowed to be degenerate.
Cardivascular Risk Profile in Patients with Diabetes and Acromegaly or Cushing’s Disease – Analysis from the DPV Database
Authors: Warncke Katharina , Kummer Sebastian , Kann Peter Herbert , Bergis Dominik , Bollow Esther , Hummel Michael , Zoicas Flavius , Wernert Sebastian , Holl Reinhard W.
Published: October 2018

Background Although diabetes is a common complication of acromegaly or Cushing´s disease, there are only few detailed studies with a focus on cardiovascular risk, metabolic control or diabetes therapy. Here, we provide a comprehensive characterization from the longitudinal DPV (Diabetes Patienten Verlaufsdokumentation) registry.

Methods Patients from the registry≥18 years of age with diabetes and acromegaly or Cushing´s disease were compared to patients with type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes using the statistical software SAS 9.4.

Results Patients with diabetes and acromegaly (n=52) or Cushing’s disease (n=15) were significantly younger at diabetes onset (median age 50.1 and 45.0 vs. 59.0 years in type 2 diabetes; both p<0.05). Dyslipidemia was common in both diseases (71.0% and 88.9% vs. 71.8% in type 2 diabetes; n.s.), while hypertension was most frequent in acromegaly (56.8% vs. 20.9% in type 1 diabetes, p<0.00001). 36.5% of patients with acromegaly and 46.7% with Cushing´s disease receive insulin, compared to 50.4% with type 2 diabetes. Oral antidiabetic drugs were used in 36.5% of patients with acromegaly and 40% with Cushing´s disease, with a predominance of biguanides and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors. HbA1c was well controlled in both groups (median 7.0% and 6.5%; vs. 7.2% in type 2 diabetes).

Conclusion Patients with acromegaly are at a high risk for cardiovascular disease, reflected by dyslipidemia and hypertension. A high proportion of patients with diabetes in acromegaly or Cushing´s disease receives insulin. Based on a multicenter register, a sufficient number of patients with rare forms of diabetes can be analyzed.
Therapie der Dupuytren’schen Kontraktur mit Kollagenase
Authors: Girsch Werner , Arora Rohit , Baur Eva-Maria , Gabl Markus , Hager Dietmar , Hintringer Thomas , Kamolz Lars-Peter , Koller Rupert , Krasny Christian , Leixnering Martin , Lick-Schiffer Walpurga , Rab Matthias , Schlenz Ingrid , Wechselberger Gottfried , Weigel Gerlinde , Zadra Armin , Zimmermann Robert
Published: October 2018

Die Dupuytren’sche Kontraktur (DK) oder Morbus Dupuytren ist eine progressive fibroproliferative Erkrankung des palmoplantaren Bindegewebes, bei der es zu einer
charakteristischen Knoten- und/oder Strangbildung aus Kollagen kommt. Bei fortschreitender Erkrankung führt die Strangverdickung zu einer Beugekontraktur des
betroffenen Fingers, die in einer deutlichen Behinderung der Betroffenen münden kann, insbesondere bei beidseitigem Befall.

Die Erkrankung ist in Europa relativ verbreitet, wobei die Prävalenz in nordischen Ländern am höchsten ist. In Österreich geht man von rund 200 000 Betroffenen
aus. Die Inzidenz steigt mit zunehmendem Alter, wobei Männer häufiger und früher erkranken als Frauen.

Die Ätiologie der DK ist nicht vollständig geklärt, scheint jedoch multifaktoriell zu sein, wobei eine genetische Prädisposition als gesichert gilt. Der
natürliche Verlauf der Erkrankung kann zwischen relativ gutartig und massiver Progredienz und Rezidivhäufigkeit variieren. Zumeist findet sich ein schubweiser
Verlauf.

Die DK ist nicht heilbar; die Behandlungsmethoden reichen von minimalinvasiven bis zu offenen chirurgischen Verfahren. Collagenase Clostridium histolyticum (CCH)
ist eine nichtchirurgische, enzymatische Injektionsbehandlung für erwachsene Patienten (≥ 18 Jahre), die in Europa seit 2011 zur Behandlung der DK mit einem
tastbaren Strang zugelassen ist. Klinische Studien und praktische Erfahrungen einzelner Zentren bestätigen die Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit der CCH-Behandlung von
Beugekontrakturen.

Das vorliegende Konsensus Statement wurde unter der Ägide der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Handchirurgie und der Mitwirkung der Österreichischen
Gesellschaften für Unfallchirurgie, Orthopädie und orthopädische Chirurgie sowie für Plastische, Ästhetische und Rekonstruktive Chirurgie erstellt. Es
beschreibt die verschiedenen chirurgischen Verfahren unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Kollagenase-Behandlung und stellt eine Orientierungshilfe für deren
Einsatz dar. Das Statement soll nicht nur den Stand des Wissens der DK-Behandlung abbilden, sondern auch als Richtschnur dienen und zu einem einheitlich hohen
Qualitätsstandard der Kontraktur-Behandlung in chirurgischen Zentren und spezialisierten Arztpraxen in ganz Österreich beitragen.
Zuckerzufuhr und Prävention ausgewählter ernährungsmitbedingter Erkrankungen
Authors: Hauner Hans
Published: October 2018

Der Zuckerkonsum hat in Deutschland mit ca. 100 g pro Person und Tag ein sehr hohes Maß erreicht. Zunehmend kritisch wird er als möglicher Risikofaktor für Adipositas, Typ-2-Diabetes, Karies und Herz-Kreislauf-Krankheiten diskutiert. In der evidenzbasierten Leitlinie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Ernährung (DGE) aus dem Jahr 2012 war ein hoher Konsum von zuckergesüßten Getränken bei Erwachsenen (mit wahrscheinlicher Evidenz) mit dem Risiko für Adipositas und Typ-2-Diabetes assoziiert, bei Kindern und Jugendlichen (mit möglicher Evidenz) mit dem Adipositasrisiko. Neuere Analysen von Kohorten- und Interventionsstudien zeigen allerdings keine konsistenten Zusammenhänge. Dennoch empfehlen aktuelle Leitlinien, den Zuckerkonsum auf unter 10 % der Gesamtenergiezufuhr zu senken. Zunehmend wird eine Besteuerung zuckergesüßter Getränke gefordert und erste Analysen sprechen für eine moderate Wirkung dieser Maßnahme auf den Zuckerkonsum.
Weniger Zucker = mehr Technologie
Authors: Bernard Jörg
Published: October 2018

Die Bedeutung von Zucker in Lebensmitteln besteht nicht nur in seinem Nährgehalt. Vielmehr übernimmt er technologische Funktionen, die ein bestimmtes Lebensmittel erst zu diesem werden lassen. Neben den geschmacklichen und gustatorischen Elementen wie Süße, Aromaentfaltung, Aromaentwicklung oder Farbgebung, liefert Zucker vor allem Volumen und Masse.

In seinen physikalisch-chemischen Eigenschaften unterscheidet sich Rüben- oder Rohrzucker von anderen Zuckerarten zum Teil erheblich, zum Beispiel bei der Löslichkeit. Die Eigenschaften von Zucker müssen in der Summe zufriedenstellend ausgeglichen werden, wenn er in einem Lebensmittel ersetzt werden soll. Lebensmittelhersteller müssen die damit verbundenen technologischen Aufgaben lösen, damit die Kunden das neue Produkt akzeptieren: Es stehen zum einen Strategien der Reformulierung zur Verfügung, aus denen für jeden Einzelfall eines Lebensmittels eine geeignete auszuwählen ist. Solche Ansätze sind in der Regel komplex und erfordern eine technologische, sensorische und regulatorische Kompetenz, um neuartige Rezepturen in den Markt einzuführen. Zum anderen werden gegenwärtig neuartige Konzepte zur physikalischen Veränderung des Zuckers diskutiert, welche eine geringere Einsatzmenge möglich machen sollen. Diese Konzepte sind dadurch geprägt, dass der physikalisch veränderte Zucker seine Süße besser oder schneller zur Verfügung stellen soll.

Eine Herausforderung dieser Innovationen ist der Ersatz der Masse im Lebensmittel, die durch die verringerte Zuckermenge fehlt. In jedem Fall einer Reformulierung oder beim Einsatz innovativer Zwischenprodukte sollte durch ein neues Lebensmittel ein über die Reduzierung von Zucker hinausgehender Nutzen angeboten werden, etwa die Kalorienreduktion oder Ballaststoffanreicherung.