bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conceptual directions in the development of life support engineering and technical systems in an urban economy in the field of waste management
Authors:   Academy of Safety and Special Programs, Tshovrebov Eduard S. , Niyazgulov Ural D. ,   Russian University of Transport
Published: December 2022

The goal is the formation of conceptual foundations for creating an environmentally safe system for handling the valuable resource component of waste with the organization of subsequent recycling in economic circulation (a case study of construction and utility facilities as the main life-supporting structures of municipalities). The research methodology was based on the use of a set of diverse research methods, factor and expert analysis, prior ranking, SWIFT and PEST analysis, generalization, analogy, classification, and composition. The results of the authors’ research in creating concepts and strategies in the field of waste management and secondary resources are presented. In the process of system analysis of waste management, the dominant factors and ways to enhance its efficiency, resource-saving focus, and environmental safety have been identified. The results obtained indicate the possibility of establishing an effective system for involving the resource component of construction and municipal waste into the economic cycle. The groups of factors, restrictions, scenario conditions, contributing to a successful creation and long-term development of a system of handling secondary resources in the considered industries and sectors of the economy, threats and risks in the process of its formation and functioning were identified; a set of scientific and methodological approaches to their system analysis was presented. The paper proposes the main conceptual directions and tools for the creation and development of a system for handling secondary resources formed as a result of waste-generating activities of construction and utility facilities of the urban economy of municipalities, which provide a solution to the problems of environmental safety of the regions.
Effect of recipe factors on mechanical properties of heavyweight steel fibre reinforced concrete
Authors:   Don State Technical University, Zherebtsov Yuriy V. , El'shaeva Diana M. ,   Don State Technical University, Lukhneva Yuliya N. ,   Don State Technical University, Dotsenko Natal'ya A. ,   Don State Technical University, Samofalova Mariya S. ,   Don State Technical University, Kurasanov Pavel R. ,   Don State Technical University, Fataliev Asif A. ,   Don State Technical University
Published: December 2022

Today, steel fibre is one of the most promising components used to produce fibre reinforced con-crete. To improve the mechanical properties of heavyweight steel fibre reinforced concrete, the influ-ence of recipe factors, namely the percentage of fibre reinforcement and the fibre length, on these properties was studied. 18 series of reference samples of a standard size were manufactured and tested: 27 cubes with dimensions of 100x100x100 mm for compression tests and 27 prisms with di-mensions of 100x100x400 mm for bending under tension test. We calculated mechanical strength characteristics depending on the recipe factor. The calculations were performed using a numerical ex-perimental design (full factorial experiment 2k). Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that the utilisation of steel fibre with a fibre length of 30 mm or the percentage of three-dimensional rein-forcement of 1.5% is the most effective.
Regeneration of housing sector using the Integrated Area Development Standard on the example of the Yubileyniy microdistrict of Irkutsk
Authors:   LLC “Architectural and construction group of companies”, Zaychuk Mikhail B. , Vereshchagina Elena I. ,   Troitsk City District Council of Deputies in Moscow
Published: December 2022

The aim was to apply the target model of the Integrated Area Development Standard for the existing housing sector. The study was performed on the lot of the Yubileyny microdistrict of Irkutsk within the 22nd session of the International Baikal winter university of urban planning design. The research in-cluded an analysis of the territory using GIS tools, as well as field research and a series of interviews with representatives of different groups of residents. In addition, we developed a strategy for territorial transformation. The target model of the Integrated Area Development Standard was selected. Based on the research results, the applicability of the target model was proved for the established territory in the housing sector. The proposed method of territorial regeneration provides residents of the micro-district with safer and more comfortable housing, as well as promotes vitality in urban space, hence stopping its degradation. However, essential conditions need to be elaborated and ensured to imple-ment the strategy. It can be concluded that applying the tools of the Integrated Area Development Standard is appropriate when establishing strategies for the modernisation of both white land and built-up urban areas. At the same time, the measures proposed in the project can also be recommended for renovating the areas with mass prefabricated housing in other Russian cities.
Architectural concept of an ecovillage in the Chelyabinsk region
Authors:   South Ural State University (National Research University), Chistiakova Аnna V. , Shabiev Salavat G. ,   South Ural State University (National Research University)
Published: December 2022

The aim was to develop an architectural concept of an ecovillage in the Chelyabinsk region, which meets the requirements of ecologization of the living environment. The concept is described at the 3 levels: the general layout, architectural structure and operation. A multifaceted approach was used to examine the background information, including regulatory documentation. A comparative analysis of the existing settlements and architectural structures approved for implementation was conducted. Technologies of energy-efficient architecture, urban and spatial planning, alternative energy sources were used. Foreign modern settlements and their domestic equivalents, as well as energy-efficient low-rise residential apartment buildings, were considered. The city-planning conditions of the design area, its planning constraints and climate references were described. A project proposal for the devel-oped architectural concept of an ecovillage includes urban planning site surveys, as well as an archi-tectural planning and engineering development of detached and multi-apartment residential buildings that meet the requirements of energy performance and environmental friendliness. The location of a local wind power plant was determined based on an assessment of the wind availability of wind-powered generators using the methods of computational fluid dynamics. Thus, the study demonstrates the applicability of the research findings in the development of an architectural concept of an ecovil-lage in the Chelyabinsk region in light of international best practice in ecological architecture design.
Feasibility of using plasticisers for producing heat insulation foam concrete
Authors:   Angarsk State Technical University, Vinokurova Olga V. , Baranova Albina A. ,   Angarsk State Technical University
Published: December 2022

Based on the audit findings of raw materials used in concrete manufacture, this study aimed to opti-mise the composition of non-autoclaved heat insulation foam concrete (grade D300). When planning an experiment, a strength characteristic of foam concrete was taken as a parameter, while the cement water factor (W/C) of the cement mortar (matrix) and the concentration of a foam solution were taken as determinant factors. The research area was chosen based on the foam concrete’s ability to form the structure and ensure its stability. The "W/C" factor was considered within the following values: 0.60 ÷ 0.84 for foam concrete without a plasticiser, 0.54 ÷ 0.78 - with a plasticiser. The concentration of the work foam solution was varied across the range from 1 to 9%. Samples of heat insulation foam con-crete with dimensions of 100x100x100 mm were moulded using a foam concrete mixture prepared according to the conventional technology. The compressive strength of the samples was determined by the destructive method. In the course of the work, the influence of W/C of cement mortar and the concentration of foam work solution on the strength of foam concrete with and without polycarbox-ylate-based plasticiser was determined. The optimal amount of water was defined and substantiated to obtain the porous structure of foam concrete with an average density of 300 kg/m3 using a synthetic foaming agent, ensuring the maximum strength. It was concluded that using a superplasticiser for the production of low-density foam concrete is impractical. The compressive strength of heat insulation foam concrete increases with increasing W/C. The following correlation was observed between the investigated factors: the change in strength in the function of W/C is less prominent at a low concen-tration of the foam solution. To manufacture heat insulation foam concrete with a density of D300 based on synthetic foaming agent and general Portland cement, the optimal W/C (including water in the foam) should amount to 0.8.
Composite building material containing wood chemistry waste
Authors:   Bratsk State University, Plotnikova Galina P.
Published: December 2022

The objective of this study is to develop a technology for manufacturing concretes and their formula-tions using hydrolysed lignin to improve their quality characteristics (compressive strength, water re-pellency, frost resistance). To achieve this goal, the following tasks should be solved: to study the chemical composition of hydrolysed lignin; to reveal the influence of mechanochemical activation on the structure of hydrolysed lignin; to select optimal conditions for obtaining composite building materi-als; to determine the physical and mechanical properties of the developed composite materials. Port-land cement M 400 was used in the experiments; sand was used as a fine aggregate (GOST 8736-2014) with a fineness modulus of 2.2 at a ratio of 1:4 (the expected concrete grade is B35). The wa-ter-cement ratio was 0.5. 10% sodium water glass (GOST 13078-81), finely ground hydrolysed as lig-nin organic filler and carbamide (GOST 2081-92) as organic modifier were used. IR spectroscopy was used to determine the chemical composition of hydrolysed lignin. The study showed that hydrolysed lignin is an active organic additive. The polar groups (hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl) in its molecule are capable of strong intermolecular interaction and can facilitate its association in solutions, leading to possible chain cross-linking reactions, condensation reactions, both in acidic and alkaline media. To obtain high-quality construction composite materials with desired properties, the following raw mixture comprising Portland cement, sand and additional components is recommended: 30–50% of hydrolysed lignin and 20–40% of carbamide of the mixture mass.
Environmental aspects in construction. Environmental management in constructing autonomous facili-ties
Authors:   Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), Spitsov Dmitry V. , Saimullov Aleksei V. ,   Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), Pervov Alexey G. ,   Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU)
Published: December 2022

The present work provides an experimental assessment and proves the possibility of reducing wastewater flow rates in water treatment systems, as well as storm and household sewage, to volumes allowing their inland transportation, which would help avoid environmental pollution and costs associat-ed with building drainage networks. The paper describes major environmental problems that often arise while establishing water supply and drainage systems at new facilities under construction, remote from drainage networks. New reverse osmosis and nanofiltration membrane technologies are consid-ered that ensure high-quality purification of both drinkable and process water and wastewater treat-ment, allowing the latter to be reused for technical purposes. The main advantage of new technologies comprises a significant reduction in water consumption for the balance-of-plant needs, which allows discharges to sewers to be avoided. The study provides process diagrams and experiments demon-strating the possibilities of reducing the volume of concentrates. Technologies for residential building sites are proposed, offering a possibility of designing autonomous systems of water supply and dis-charge (runoffs and sediments) by vehicles. Furthermore, the volume of wastewater is less than 0.5% of that of water consumed for drinking needs. The described approach to designing water supply and wastewater treatment systems can be used for developing waterworks systems at facilities remote from water supply and sewerage networks, as well as reservoirs where treated wastewater can be dis-charged. Wastewater purified by reverse osmosis can be used for feeding the recycling water supply network (equipment cooling) and green spaces irrigation.
Monitoring the transformation of architectural and urban planning and panoramic visual acceptability of the historical part of Irkutsk
Authors:   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Pulyaevskaia Evgeniia V.
Published: December 2022

The present work discusses dynamics in the architectural and urban planning of the urban environ-ment for identifying and preserving the most significant visually acceptable architectural ensembles and panoramic views of Irkutsk. Visual landscape and cartographic analysis by specific indicators were used as the main research methods. The article reflects the predevelopment analysis devoted to col-lecting initial information for the student's project entitled "Reconstruction of the quarter in the histori-cal part of the city". The work was performed by fourth-year students studying "Urban planning" in two stages at different urban planning levels. Stage 1 included the analysis of visually acceptable views and panoramas of the urban environment at the city level. In stage 2, the existing development at the quarter level was carried out. A retrospective analysis of the urban environment is represented in the form of graphic models reflecting the current state of visual acceptance and the lost fragments of ar-chitectural ensembles in the centre of Irkutsk. The conducted visual landscape analysis of historical and contemporary panoramas of the city revealed dissonances and conflicts in the visual acceptance of the main urban ensembles. The results of the rhythmometric analysis obtained for the development front in the quarter are represented as a model limiting the building height within the quarter. Such a model was developed to eliminate conflicts during reconstruction and establish urban patterns, includ-ing valuable urban planning heritage. The obtained results are relevant for studying the urban devel-opment of territories with historical and cultural potential and can be used in urban planning regulation of historical cities and areas with historical development.
Assessment of efficiency, quality and reliability of cladding materials for hinged ventilated facades
Authors:   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Konstantinova A. A. , Peshkov V. V. ,   Irkutsk National Research Technical University
Published: December 2022

Hinged ventilated facade systems can be used to protect buildings from damaging effects and to achieve various designing and structural goals. The study aims to analyse the most common facing construction materials for the installation of hinged ventilated facades. The question of selecting an optimal facing material is relevant for both building owners, building designers and building residents, since it is the facade that sets the tone for the rest of the building. The present study considers the standard design of the ventilated facade, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of existing fac-ing materials for ventilated facades. A comparative analysis of the characteristics of facing materials is carried out. It is noted that the building can be faced by expensive materials, yet having inferior tech-nical characteristics, or relatively inexpensive materials, yet performing their main functions. In addition to aesthetic properties, the facing material should perform the protection of both the facade walls and the subsystem (metal) components, including insulation. In the conclusion, the authors describe the facing material with the most optimal characteristics among those studied in the paper.
Simulation of combined action of reinforcement and concrete on the example of composite reinforce-ment
Authors:   Siberian Federal University, Lastovka A. V. , Ivanova A. V. ,   Siberian Federal University,   SK “Avangard”
Published: December 2022

The characteristics of modelling the combined action of reinforcement and concrete on the example of composite reinforcement are discussed. In the work, glass-fibre and basalt composite A-type de-formed reinforcing bars were considered. The studied samples of composite reinforcement comprised a power rod having an anchor layer, evenly distributed on the surface at an angle to its longitudinal ax-is. The anchor layer was manufactured from a thermosetting resin and a continuously reinforcing filler. A-type reinforcement is formed by pressing the reinforcing bundle into the power rod, while ribs are generated on the surface. The experiments carried out using concrete cubes having a rib size of 15 cm and prisms having a cross-section of 15×15 cm and height of 60 cm showed that the average val-ues of maximum adhesion strength of the studied reinforcement samples are comparable and meet the established standards. Conversely, the use of basalt composites has a negligible impact on the adhe-sion of reinforcement to concrete. This indicator is significantly affected by the configuration of the external profile of the rod. In addition, the uniform operation of the “reinforcement – concrete” system was noted. Due to the reinforcement profile used during the experiment, uniform and stable behaviour of the rod in concrete was achieved, as demonstrated by the stress-displacement diagrams based on the results of the pull-out test. The obtained adhesion of composite glass-fibre and basalt reinforce-ment to concrete allows general dependencies for calculating the anchoring of this reinforcement in concrete to be used.
Contemporary sacral architecture as a symbol of architectural identity and a public space in a winter city
Authors:   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Glebova N. M. , Klamer M. ,   Vienna Technical University,
Published: December 2022

In this study, we examine a contemporary church building as a powerful symbol of cultural and archi-tectural identity of a city. The city space organized around and inside a religious building is considered as an important public space from the perspective of civilizational culture. During the study, a compara-tive analysis of European and Russian contemporary sacral construction was carried out with the pur-pose of forecasting the development of the present Orthodox architecture, taking into account possi-ble trends, styles and directions. A field survey of 150 contemporary churches in Austria was carried out. Their evolutionary development over the past 120 years was examined both empirically and using scientific literature. In addition, a number of Russian churches, including restored or renovated histori-cal buildings as well as new facilities built after the collapse of the USSR, were studied. As a result, an assessment and explanation of the inevitable appearance of modern trends in the Orthodox Church architecture is given. Historicisms, existing in the Orthodox architecture of our time, are assumed to be related to the forced 70-year pause in the development of Orthodox architecture, rather than to the greater conservatism of the Orthodox religion. Any architecture, even its conservative religious type, responds to events occurring in a society and to arising new cultural and functional needs. As a result, due to a competent interaction of architects and customers, the existing architectural style starts to change gradually in terms of its spatial organization, form, composition, general appearance of the in-ner and outer space, thus giving rise to new symbols of cultural and architectural identity. With the ad-dition of new functions, a church remains to be a unique public building, forming public urban spaces both in and around itself.
A review of dacha construction in the St. Petersburg province from the 18th to the beginning of the 20th century (settlement typology and periodisation)
Authors:   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Chernykh O. I.
Published: December 2022

The historical and architectural heritage of St. Petersburg dacha (summer residence) as part of Russia’s cultural heritage was studied. The research methods included on-site inspections and architectural measurements, photo-fixation of studied objects, archive and museum search, historico-bibliographical search in the repositories of rare ancient books and cartographic divisions of scientific libraries. As a result, the phenomenon of "dacha recreation" was studied. Specific features of the St. Petersburg dacha environment were revealed. On the one hand, the dacha environment is associated with the traditions of spatial organisation of cities and rural settlements in Russia. On the other, the dacha environment is characterised by originality and the absence of a rigid hierarchy in its planning and composition, with the natural environment representing the major formative factor. The determined periodisation of dacha construction included the 1703–1830s, 1830s–early 1860s, 1860s–1890s and 1890s–1917 periods. Areas of active dacha construction were revealed. Thus, dacha construction in the St. Petersburg province was performed predominantly along highways, waterways, railroads and coastline of the Gulf of Finland. A typology of dacha settlements was proposed, including dacha suburbs, dacha villages, dacha resorts and dacha settlements. These types were differentiated in terms of size and population, title and organisation of living activities, type of foundation and administrative status, as well as principles of 3D-planning structure. Particular attention is paid to the unique historical and architectural value of dacha settlements of the St. Petersburg province and importance of its exploration and preservation. It is proposed to use the traditions of creating highly-artistic and optimally-organised dacha recreation environments during the design of contemporary suburban recreational spaces.
Hydrothermal alteration of magmatic titanite: Implications for REE remobilization and the formation of ion-adsorption HREE deposits, South China
Authors: Feng Yuzhou , Pan Yuanming , Xiao Bing , Chu Gaobin , Chen Huayong
Published: December 2022

Ion-adsorption rare earth element (REE) deposits in South China are currently the main source of heavy rare earth elements (HREE). The Gucheng deposit in western Guangdong Province is one example of HREE mineralization hosted in weathered coarse-grained biotite granites (CGBG). Titanite is a common accessory mineral in the CGBG and contains significant amounts of total REE (31 621 to 38 431 ppm), especially HREE (18 906 to 22 249 ppm). Titanite with a U-Pb age of 102.6 ± 1.9 Ma in the CGBG crystallized under relatively high temperatures (722–798 °C), high fH2O, and high fO2 conditions in the late magmatic stage, and has similar Nd isotopic compositions similar to the host CGBG: 143Nd/144Nd = 0.512062 to 0.512125 and εNd(t) = –7.4 to –8.6.

Backscattered electron (BSE) imaging and TESCAN integrated mineral analyzer (TIMA) measurements show that titanite in the CGBG has been altered partly to fergusonite-(Y), rutile, calcite, quartz, and fluorite. The hydrothermal fluid responsible for titanite alteration was enriched in CO32− and F, and was probably exsolved from the granitic magma. HREE released from the alteration of titanite were mostly scavenged by fergusonite-(Y) and rutile, which have been further replaced by gadolinite-(Y) and synchysite-(Ce). In addition, gadolinite-(Y) in the alteration assemblages exhibits further alteration and is characterized by elevated PO43− and SO42− contents in the altered parts. These results demonstrate that magmatic titanite in the CGBG underwent complex hydrothermal alteration, with a preferential accumulation of HREE in fergusonite-(Y) and gadolinite-(Y) in the alteration assemblages. Preferential HREE enrichments in magmatic titanite, and its alteration assemblages, are shown to play significant roles in the formation of the Gucheng HREE deposit.
Effects of crystal chemistry on adsorption, occurrence, and mobility of water in palygorskite tunnels
Authors: Zhou Jinhong , Lu Xiancai , Zhang Lihu , Li Qin
Published: December 2022

Palygorskite is a fibrous magnesium-rich clay mineral with a typical tunnel structure, and its adsorption properties make it an ideal adsorbent for broad applications. Thus, revealing the confinement effects on tunnel species can help in understanding its adsorption properties. Grand canonical Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations were performed to analyze the effects of the crystal chemistry of palygorskite on the adsorption, occurrence, and mobility of tunnel water. Water adsorption isotherm, distribution models, and mobility were achieved from these simulations. Zeolitic water emerges into the tunnels even at a low relative humidity (RH) (such as 5%) and completely fills the tunnels as the RH increases to 10%. In neutral palygorskite, the influence of the octahedral type on water adsorption is not obvious, but the influence of tunnel cations is obvious. The occupation of Na+ ions in tunnels can reduce the maximum water amount and affect the spatial distribution of zeolitic water. The water distribution in tunnels can be described by a two-zeolitic water-site model for neutral palygorskite and a one-zeolitic water-site model for the charged one. The zeolitic water confined in the tunnel presents very low mobility, and the appearance of Na+ ions in the charged palygorskite further reduces the mobility of zeolitic water. Compared with other clay minerals, the much lower water mobility of palygorskite implies that it may have a more efficient fixation on foreign molecules or ions in environmental applications.
COMMON VIRAL INFECTIONS INCLUDING CORONA (COVID INFECTION ) IN CHILDREN - A REVIEW
Authors:   Post Graduate student, Department of Pediatric&Preventive Dentistry, Divya Jyoti College of Dental Sciences & Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India., Sarkar Payal , Jawa Singh Deepti ,   Professor, Department of Pediatric& Preventive Dentistry, Divya Jyoti College of Dental Sciences & Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India., Somani Rani ,   Professor & Head of the Department of Pediatric&Preventive Dentistry, Divya Jyoti College of Dental Sciences Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India., Jaidka Shipra ,   Professor, Department of Pediatric& Preventive Dentistry, Divya Jyoti College of Dental Sciences & Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India., Begum Monalisa ,   Post Graduate student, Department of Pediatric&Preventive Dentistry, Divya Jyoti College of Dental Sciences & Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India., Gupta Raman ,   Post Graduate student, Department of Pediatric&Preventive Dentistry, Divya Jyoti College of Dental Sciences & Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India., P. Deepa ,   Post Graduate student, Department of Pediatric&Preventive Dentistry, Divya Jyoti College of Dental Sciences & Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Published: December 2022

Oral cavity of children is often encountered by a wide range of viral infections but receive less attention as it is generally present as an unspecific symptom of several diseases that leads to its diagnostic challenges.Thus, this article focuses on the clinical presentation i.e. both oral and systemic manifestations of the infection, their diagnosis, differential diagnosis, prevention and treatment that can give a thorough knowledge to the pediatric dentists about some commonly encountered viral infections in the child,and can help them for carrying out a multidisciplinary approach with the general practitioners and specialists for the proper diagnosis and effective treatment of the child.
HUKUKİ ÇOĞULLUK OLGUSUNUN HUKUK DEVLETİ İLKESİ BAKIMINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: ARSLAN Ezgi
Published: December 2022

Hukuki çoğulluk olgusu genel olarak, bir sosyal alanda çeşitli kaynaklardan doğmuş çok sayıda normatif sistemin işlerliği olarak tanımlanabilir. Hukuki çoğulluk teorileri, bu olguya dair kendi tanımları üzerinde şekillenir ve çoğul hukuk düzenlerini tasnif ederler. Yanı sıra, tasnif edilen çoğul hukuk düzenleri ile devlet hukuku arasındaki ilişkiyi ele alırlar. Bu şekilde teorik çerçevesi çizilen hukuki çoğulluk olgusu, birçok bağlamda değerlendirmeye değerdir. Bu bağlamlardan biri de, hukuk devleti ilkesidir. En basit ifadeyle devlet yönetiminde bir veya birkaç kişinin keyfinin değil hukukun egemen olmasını ifade eden hukuk devleti ilkesi, maddi ve biçimsel olmak üzere iki boyutludur. Hukuki çoğulluk olgusunun bu ilke çerçevesinde değrlendirilmesi de, bu iki boyut bakımından ayrı ayrı ele alınmasını gerektirir. Yanı sıra, hukuki çoğulluk olgusu, hukuk devleti ilkesinin fonksiyonları bakımından da değerlendirilmelidir. Bu değerlendirmede sorulacak temel soru, huuk devleti ilkesinin devlet tekelinde bir hukuk sistemini gerektirip gerektimediğir. Kanaatimizce, çoğul hukuk düzenlerinin varlığı, hukuk devleti ilkesinin doğal bir ihlali sayılamaz. Hukuk devleti ilkesinin gerekleri ve ilgili çoğul hukuk düzenlerinin nitelikleri ortaya konulduktan sonra, her somut normatif düzen için ayrıca bir değerlendirme yapılması gerekir. Bu çalışma, temel olarak bu değerlendirmenin kriterlerini belirlemeye çalışmaktadır.
Current Energy and Lipid Metabolism Biomarkers in Sheep with Subclinical And Clinical Pregnancy Toxemia
Authors: ÖZTÜRK MERVE , MAMAK NURI
Published: December 2022

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between existing metabolic biomarkers (asprosin, FABP1, PPARα and FGF21) and clinical parameters and to determine their role in the early diagnosis of sheep pregnancy toxemia. In the study, 70 Akkaraman sheep aged three to five years in the last three weeks of pregnancy were divided into three groups: healthy group (n = 20), subclinical group (n = 30), and clinical group (n = 20). Clinical examination (body temperature, respiratory rate, and heart rate), blood serum biochemistry, and ELISA analyses were performed. In sheep with clinical and subclinical pregnancy toxemia, serum PPARα, β-HBA, NEFA, HbA1c, HDL, triglyceride, creatinine, and phosphorus levels were statistically higher, whereas serum glucose and LDL levels were lower than in healthy sheep. However, serum FGF21, AST, ALT, and VLDL values were not statistically different between the three groups. In addition, serum asprosin and FABP1 levels were higher in the subclinical group than in the clinical group. Thus it was concluded that serum asprosin, FABP1, and PPARα findings could be useful in evaluating lipid and energy metabolism in subclinical and clinical forms of pregnancy toxemia. Since this study was based on blood samples from individually reared sheep herds, many environmental factors (e.g., housing, nutrition, and population density) could not be considered. For this reason, it is thought that there is a need for experimental studies in which environmental variables can be controlled.
Gyermekvállalás a 19. századi Dél-Dunántúlon: A mágocsi római katolikus német és a vajszlói református magyar közösség termékenységtörténete (1791–1890)
Authors: Koloh Gábor
Published: December 2022

Az állami tulajdonban álló Vallásalap dél-dunántúli uradalmain élők felekezetileg és etnikailag is sokszínű társadalmat alkottak, akikkel kapcsolatban a termékenység alakulásának kérdése régebbi diszkurzív hagyományra, valamint tudományos jellegű érdeklődésre tekint vissza. Tanulmányomban a Vallásalaphoz tartozó mágocsi és vajszlói uradalom népének gazdálkodását és demográfiai jellemzőit vetem össze, a gyermekvállalási tendenciákra fókuszálva. A kutatáshoz a térség anyakönyveit, birtokiratait, illetve az ezeket feldolgozó települési családkönyvet és szakirodalmat használtam fel. A vizsgálat rámutat arra, hogy a mágocsi római katolikus németek nyitottabban álltak a specifikusabb gazdálkodási módokhoz, mint a vajszlói magyar gazdatársaik, amely mögött utóbbiak körében a hagyományos megélhetési formák kontinuus fenntartása állt, míg a németek könnyebben adaptálták az új gazdálkodási lehetőségeket. A hasonló uradalmi keretrendszer mellett a mágocsi németek a magyarokénál magasabb termékenységi értékeket produkáltak ugyanazon időben. Az alacsonyabb magyar gyermekvállalás azonban nemcsak a gazdálkodásba bevonható munkaerő alacsonyabb száma miatt járt következményekkel, de a férfiak részéről a kevesebb örökös miatt a vélhetően kevesebb terhet vállaló munkakultúra, a nők részéről pedig a szintén kevesebb szülési kockázat azt eredményezte, hogy az élettartam jelentősen meghaladta a németekét. Ezek a tényezők összességében kedvezően hatottak a magyarok gyermeknevelésére, mivel jelentősen alacsonyabb volt náluk az árvák aránya, mint a németeknél.
The Relationship between Fear of COVID-19, Perceived Infectability and Intention to Get Vaccinated
Authors: Sancar Tekin , Yalman Fuat
Published: December 2022

The primary purpose of this study is to evaluate the COVID-19 fear levels, COVID-19 infectability perceptions, and intention to get vaccinated of university undergraduate students during the period when new variations of the COVID-19 virus are seen in Turkey. Along with, is to determine the mediating role of COVID-19 infectability perception with the effect of fear of COVID-19 on the intention to get vaccinated. In the research, it was used an online-based cross-sectional research design on university students. The universe of the research consisted of all undergraduate students of a state university. It was preferred the convenience sampling method in the study. The researchers collected data from 557 students using the online questionnaire technique. Researchers used IBM SPSS Statistic Base 23 V and AMOS package programs in the analysis of the data. The study's findings revealed that most university students had high COVID-19 fear levels and COVID-19 infectability perceptions, and their intention to be vaccinated increased positively. In addition, the empirical result of the study revealed that as the fear level of COVID-19 increased, the purpose to be immunized for COVID-19 increased positively. In addition, it was determined that the perception of COVID-19 infectability had a significant indirect effect and fully mediated the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and intention to get vaccinated. This research revealed that increasing COVID-19 fear level positively increases the intention to get vaccinated through the perception of high COVID-19 infectability. Therefore, increased COVID-19 fear level and high COVID-19 infectability perception were positively correlated with increased intention to get vaccinated.
Philosophy in Medicine “Verbal Expressions in Medicine can Develop through Innovative Ideas Generation by the Philosophy”
Authors: Şen Zekâi
Published: December 2022

This chapter aims to provide a physician with the foundation and principles
of philosophy in medicine for freer and independent thinking. In previous chapters, a
sub-branch of the philosophy of medicine related to epistemological concepts and
metaphysical implications was highlighted, including ethical and even moral principles.
The philosophy of medicine is a blend of medical education and training with
philosophical aspects to achieve improvements and innovative findings for public
health services. The philosophy of medicine includes the contra-active interactions of
diseases, health and the search for effective reciprocity. By asking questions about how
medical and health professionals know what to do, and detailed information is given in
terms of practical medical wisdom. How should they make the right and wise decisions
in morally complex and uncertain situations? And what is the patient’s role in this
decision-making process? In medical practice and research, it is recommended to start
problem-solving with philosophical thinking and then logical evaluations in order to
reveal a better diagnosis, treatment and healing qualities for patient care.
Logic Principles and Rules “In the Philosophy Field Logic Produces Rational Ideas that Lead to Beneficial Consequences”
Authors: Şen Zekâi
Published: December 2022

In this chapter, cases of free and unlimited thinking on philosophical
grounds are explained more, and there is a close connection between philosophy and
medicine. In addition, the philosophy of medicine and the ways of understanding the
concepts of philosophy are explained with an emphasis on its possible relationship with
medicine, especially bioethics. There are always unknowns about the disease and
health, and it has been explained that no matter how much the philosophical principles
try to come up with approximate rational solutions, they always remain in uncertainty,
albeit marginally. It is stated that the philosophy of medicine is a branch of philosophy
that explores issues in theory, research and practice in the field of health sciences.
Before any explanation, from the very beginning, the etymological and epistemological
features of “philosophy” and “science” help the reader to grasp the contents of this
book. A set of recommendations are given in the form of systematic information to a
thinker to provide dynamism towards more productive and generative directions.
Medicine and Engineering “Engineering is Supportive to Medical Instruments and Software”
Authors: Şen Zekâi
Published: December 2022

The main theme of this chapter is to supplement medical examinations with
biomedical means, which is only possible with mutual collaboration between doctors
and engineers. The principles of science and technology-based tools are explained by
engineering design concepts and software possibilities, which are supportive aids for
medical diagnosis. Various sections of this chapter provide a linguistic explanation of
the engineering related medical issues followed by a logical explanation of
mathematical expression derivations through various models based on a set of
assumptions. In the explanations, bivalent and fuzzy logic principles are used according
to the problem at hand. Population growth, food sharing, injection, diabetics, dialysis,
epidemics, sensitive hearing intake, blood circulation, etc. problems are modeled using
a set of convenient mathematical methodologies. Human engineering concepts are
discussed from the medical point of view. Finally, a set of recommendations are given
for possible future directions to arrive at better innovation.
Origin of COVID-19
Authors: Setia Aseem , Jayaswal Km. Nandani , Sahu Ram Kumar
Published: December 2022

Coronavirus is a type of virus that is surrounded by non-segmented, singlestranded, positive-sense RNA genomes that reproduce in the cytoplasm. The size of the coronavirus is usually 80-120 nm. It was discovered in Wuhan, China in December 2019, and it was termed 2019 nCoV or COVID-19. The coronavirus is encased in a lipid bilayer and it possesses several proteins. These proteins are surrounded in the envelope of a virus; whereas, in the viral RNA, N-protein shows interactions and it can be found on the outer surface of the viral particle, forming the nucleocapsid. The spike protein is identified as the leading protein and mediates the entrance inside the host body that would cause SARS-CoV-2syndrome. The spike protein has two spheres namely S1 and S2. The receptor that is attached to the S1 and further S2 is responsible for fusion. In the past, the most severe types of virus which had resulted in large-scale pandemics were SARS (in 2002–2003) which occurred in Guandong Province, China. Meanwhile, Saudi Arabia had experienced the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) in 2012. The virus in the 1960s was commonly identified in birds and mammals; mostly in rats, camels, cats and bats. SARS-CoV-2 causative agents belong to the genus β-Coronavirus. Coronavirus can be classified into four genera such as α, β, γ, and δ coronavirus. Alpha and beta coronaviruses are found in mammals such as bats. Gamma coronaviruses would primarily infect birds and affect mammalians, whereas delta coronaviruses would infect both birds and mammals. This chapter highlights the origin, historical background, the classification of the coronavirus as well as providing the conceptual information on various treatment approaches for COVID-19.
Herbal Immune-Booster for COVID-19
Authors: Chakraborty Raja , Sen Saikat , Sahariah Bhargab Jyoti , Bordoloi Chayanika , Mistry Sunil
Published: December 2022

Medicinal plants always play a vital role by enhancing immunity and protecting us against different infections caused by microorganisms like fungi, bacteria, and viruses. The complex immune protection mechanism produces limitless cells or chemicals to control the spectrum of infectious agents and diseases caused by them. Medicinal plants contain different immunomodulatory constituents that amplify or inhibit the components present in the immune system. In India, people have used numerous medicinal plants and plant products since ancient times to boost the immune system and maintain its normal functioning capacity. Traditional herbaceuticals can boost body defense and improvise our health to survive better. In the last two years, the COVID-19 pandemic became a significant health concern. The healthcare system and scientists are fighting generously to save people. Existing medical facilities are not enough to beat the pandemic condition; therefore, the search for alternative remedies is gaining attention. Indeed, public health measures and the immune-boosting process are considered crucial approaches to dwindle the threat and mortality caused by infection. This chapter highlighted immune boosters from plant sources that can play an essential role as an alternative approaches to managing the current pandemic scenario.
Therapeutic Management of Type 2 Diabetes: The Nitric Oxide Axis
Authors: Ranjbar Tara , O’Connor Jennifer L. , Kashfi Khosrow
Published: December 2022

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the prevalence of
obesity across the globe has nearly tripled since 1975, with 39 million children under
the age of 5 being overweight or obese in 2020. Obesity is the most common risk factor
for developing type 2diabetes (T2D), which may lead to elevated serum triglycerides,
hypertension, and insulin resistance. In the pathogenesis of T2D, there is a reduction in
nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Restoration of NO levels has been associated with
many favorable metabolic effects in T2D. Drugs that potentiate NO levels may have a
role in improving T2D-associated adverse effects. Current medications approved for
use in the management of T2D include biguanides, thiazolidinediones, sulfonylureas,
meglitinides, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-
1) receptor agonists, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, and sodium-glucose co-transporter 2
(SGLT2) inhibitors. These drugs mitigate the many adverse effects associated with
T2D. This chapter discusses these classes of drugs, examines their mechanism of
action, and presents evidence that these drugs directly or indirectly modulate NO
levels.
Citrulline, Nitric Oxide, and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Mirmiran Parvin , Bahadoran Zahra , Kashfi Khosrow , Ghasemi Asghar
Published: December 2022

L-citrulline (Cit), a neutral, non-essential, and non-protein amino acid, is a
precursor of L-arginine (Arg) and is involved in nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. Since oral
ingestion of Cit can effectively elevate total Arg flux in the entire body and promote
NO production, its supplementation has recently received much attention in the realm
of cardio-metabolic diseases where NO metabolism is disrupted. Although preliminary
data obtained from in vitro and in vivo animal experiments indicates that Cit improves
glucose and insulin homeostasis and can effectively prevent hyperglycemia-induced
complications such as inflammation, oxidative stress, renal dysfunction, and
endothelial dysfunction, these findings are yet to be realized in well-designed longterm
clinical studies in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). If Cit is shown to be an
effective anti-diabetic agent with a good safety profile, its supplementation will be
superior to that of Arg because it effectively increases systemic Arg availability more
than Arg itself, and hence NO production.
The Effectiveness Interpersonal Communication Increasing Success of Pokdarwis Arumsari
Authors: Prasetyo Agus , Aini Nurul , Aulia Anisa , Kurniasari Dwiyana , Ariando Wengki
Published: December 2022

Organizing that involves the community is one of the factors that can determine the success of implementing tourism village activities. One of the tourism village managers whose organization involves the community is the Arumsari Tourism Awareness Group (Pokdarwis) in the Pandansari Tourism Village. To achieve the success of Pokdarwis Arumsari, it is necessary to have effective interpersonal communication between members, so, this study aims to analyze the effectiveness of interpersonal communication and its influence on the success of Pokdarwis Arumsari. The research location was conducted in Pandansari Village, Batang Regency, Central Java. The research method uses the case study method on all members of Pokdarwis Arumsari totaling 37 people as the respondents. Data collection techniques are closed interviews, observation, and literacy studies. Then analyzed by using Partial Least Square (PLS). The effectiveness of interpersonal communication and the success of Pokdarwis Arumsari are included in the high category with a percentage score of 81.2% and 79.2%, respectively. The value of the path coefficient is 0.859, the direction of the relationship between the effectiveness of interpersonal communication on the success of Pokdarwis Arumsari is positive, there is an effort to increase the effectiveness of interpersonal communication within the group, the success of Pokdarwis will increase. The results of the analysis show that the effectiveness of interpersonal communication can explain 73.9% of the success of Pokdarwis Arumsari. Pokdarwis Arumsari has a good and positive effect on interpersonal communication effectiveness so that success is realized in achieving the goals of Pokdarwis Arumsari.
Feasibility Assessment of Nampu Leaf Processing Bussines: a Case Study in The Mount Sawal Area
Authors: Suhartono Suhartono , Suhaendah Endah , Fauziyah Eva , Sudomo Aris , Geraldine Levina
Published: December 2022

Dried nampu leaves have become an export commodity as raw materials for the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and herbal cigarette industries. However, the massive exploitation of nampu leaves in their natural habitat in forest areas has raised concerns that it could disrupt forest sustainability. Therefore, financial analysis is needed to find out whether this business could be expanded or not. This study aims to examine the feasibility of processing nampu leaves into dried chopped leaves, the challenges and the prospects for its development. We conducted a case study on a nampu leaf processing business group in Cihaurbeuti Subdistrict, Ciamis, West Java. Data was collected through in-depth interviews and field observations. The results showed that the nampu leaf processing business was feasible because of the availability of resources, an easy process and a relatively short payback period as indicated by the R/C value of 1.17 and BEP production of 2,596.15 kg and BEP sales of IDR38,942,307 which can be achieved in less than 1 year. The challenges of this business are the availability of raw materials, marketing guarantees and forest sustainability. Government assistance is very important in supporting the sustainability of this business.