bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Lysozme – Lactoferrin as a bioenhancer (immunomodulator) in the treatment of Tuberculosis
Authors: C. Mohanty K. , Bendre Salil , Sarangdhar Nikhil , Fadia Racchana
Published: November 2024

OBJECTIVES Astudy was undertaken i to assess sputum conversion of patients at 15 30 45 and 60 days in patients of sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis TB with the combination of lysozyme and lactoferrin in comparison to placebo ii to make clinical assessment of these patients and c. to observe hypersensitivity reactions and drug toxicity in both groups.DESIGN Open labelled randomised placebo controlled single blinded trialPATIENTS AND INTERVENTIONS 120 patients of sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis were enrolled. 2 groups of the study were planned the first for newly diagnosed cases Group 1- 60 patients and the second for re-treatment cases Group 2 - 60 patients. In each group 2 arms each of 30 patients were taken. In both groups patients in Arm ndash 1 were given Lysozyme - lactoferrin capsules containing Lactoferrin 5 mg Lysozyme 15 mg twice daily along with standard primary line anti-TB chemotherapy whereas patients in Arm ndash 2 received placebo capsules instead. The sputum conversion was compared at 15 30 45 and 60 days in each arm in both groups.RESULTS a. In newly diagnosed cases of TB Group 1 Sputum conversion occurred earlier at 15 days 33 and 30 days 84.85 in patients treated with BRM ndash 100 as compared to the group receiving placebo 16.6 and 53.2 at 15 and 30 days respectively . However there was no significant difference in the overall sputum conversion at 60 days 100 in both groups. b In Re-treatment cases Group-2 of TB sputum conversion was consistently higher at 15 days23.3 30 days 50 45 days 90 and 60 days 96.66 with Lysozyme - lactoferrin than with placebo 3.33 at 15 days 16.6 at 30 days 46.6 at 45 days and 66.66 at 60 days respectively . The overall success rate was 96.66 with Lysozyme- lactoferrin and 66.66 with placebo.CONCLUSION The combination of Lysozme and Lactoferrin is an oral non-toxic well tolerated affordable biologic response modifier immunomodulator and it shows promising results in both newly diagnosed as well as Re-treatment cases in terms of early sputum conversion at 15 30 45 and 60 days and overall weight gain . This drug combination can be used as an immunomodulator especially in Retreatment cases where the results are appreciably better than in placebo group
Prevalence of Early Growth and Developmental delay in a Rural Community
Authors: Sadat Syed , PA Balaji , SM Dhaded , SS Goudar
Published: November 2024

Background and objectives There is a rise in growth and global developmental delay in children and early intervention will bring down the burden on the society. The present study is to estimate the prevalence of growth and developmental delay and assess the predisposing factors among children aged three years residing in rural communities of Karnataka.Methods About 530 children at three years were assessed for growth and developmental delay. The Ages and Stages Questionnaire ASQ was administered to mothers by a trained interviewer. Growth measurements and hemoglobin estimation were done at the time of developmental evaluation. Socio-demographic characteristics of the families of children were ascertained. Prevalence of global developmental delay was estimated and association between development and maternal child and household characteristics were explored. Physical growth was assessed by using WHO growth charts for weight for age height for age and weight for height. Chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables. Differences were considered significant at Plt0.05 level.Results The results showed that the prevalence of global developmental delay assessed by ASQ was 19.8. Children displayed delay in personal-social 42.5 gross motor 38.1.1 and problem-solving skills 34.9. Maternal educational level was positively associated with communication and problem-solving skills P0.000 while monthly household income was positively associated with communication gross motor and problem-solving skills p0.000.Conclusion The results suggest a high prevalence of developmental delay and poor child health in this rural population. Implementing early intervention programs may ameliorate the long term consequences of these developmental disorders.
Hyperhidrosis
Authors: PG Raman
Published: November 2024

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Awareness and attitude towards organ donation in Bangalore
Authors: Masthi N R Ramesh , . Gangaboraiah , Sudarshan Vishaka , L S Yashaswini
Published: November 2024

Objective of the study 1.To assess the awareness towards organ donation 2.To compare the attitude towards organ donation and 3.To list the reasons for favorable and unfavorable attitude for organ donationMaterials amp Methods The descriptive study was conducted over a period of 7 months from March 08 to August 08 in urban Bangalore. 810 individuals were included by purposive sampling technique which included medical students non medical engineering students medical teaching staff non medical teaching staff 58 school teachers 32 engineering teaching staff.They were asked about various aspects of organ donation and brain death using a pre-tested questionnaire.Results 96 of the study subjects were aware about organ donation. Majority 56 were aware about eye donation. Television 68 was the main source of information. 85 of the study subjects had heard the term brain death but only few were aware about its importance in organ donation. 5 of study subjects have pledged their organs to be donated after death and 35 in remaining we are willing to pledge their organs. 32 of subjects who did not want to donate their organs after death stated spiritual reasons as the main reason.ConclusionMajority are aware about organ donation. However very few are willing to donate their organs after death
Predisposing Factors and Clinical Study of Otomycosis in the Southern Subtropical Regions of India
Authors: Vinay Vaidyanathan , Kishore Chandra Shetty , Ratan Shetty , Sreenath Kamath
Published: November 2024

Objective Otomycosis is a fungal infection of the external ear middle ear and open mastoid cavity. Fungal infections are more frequently encountered in tropical and sub-tropical climates or during periods of intense heat and humidity. Mangalore is a costal city which is situated in the southern Dakshin Kannada district of Karnataka. Because of the moist and humid climate it witnesses large number of cases of fungal infections. Hence its a good setting to study the predisposing factors and clinical presentation of fungal infections of ear.Materials and methods Data was collected from 126 patients attending otorhinolaryngology out patient department ENT OPD at K S Hegde Medical Academy Mangalore Karnataka. It is a Descriptive Study where hundred and twenty six patients of all age groups and both sexes were enrolled with Purposive Sampling Technique.Results Many predisposing factors were attributed of which use of unsterile sticks and swabs 72 and use of unsterile oil and oil mixture 69 were common. The patients presented with common complaints of itching 92 and pain 85 and less frequently with tinnitus and ear discharge more so in rainy season. Canal hyperemia and oedema were commonly noted. The mycological appearance was that of wet brownish black or gray mouldy matsspores with epithelial debris and wet blotting paper when associated with candida species in majority of the patients. Lack of cerumin and unhealthy wax were the common physical signs.Conclusion No age group or sex is immune to otomycosis. Manipulated external auditory canal is predisposed to infection. Common clinical presentation being of otitis externa of variable severity. Inflammatory changes with myocological appearance of wet brownish black gray mouldy mats spores with epithelial debris with lack of cerumin being the common appearance
Newer drugs in the treatment of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: S.G. Vasista
Published: November 2024

none
Rare Surgical Emergency
Authors: Kappiker Vijaykumar
Published: November 2024

Spontaneous rupture of incisional hernia is a rare complication and a surgical emergency. Here is a report of a 45-year old female who presented with spontaneous rupture of large lower abdominal incisional hernia with small bowel outside. An emergency operation was done with reduction of hernia followed by repair with prolene mesh. Patient had a smooth recovery
Multiplicity and Complexity of Lesions in a Surgically Resected Specimen
Authors: S Andola Uma , K Andola Sainath , Bhat Balachandra
Published: November 2024

A50-year female with previous cervical biopsy reported as squamous cell carcinoma was taken for surgery and Wertheims hysterectomy was done. Specimen consisted Uterus and cervix with bilateral adnexa and 2 pelvic lymph nodes. Cervix was showing a 1times1cms greyish brown irregular mass at external os which on microscopy showed moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma large cell non-keratinising type with metastatic deposits in bilateral pelvic lymph nodes. One of the lymph nodes showed caseating granuloma and the uterus showing a small leiomyoma. Both ovaries were dark brown with spongy consistency and honeycomb appearance on cut section. Microscopy showed multiple thin walled vascular spaces filled with RBCs favoring a diagnosis of cavernous hemangioma.This case is reported for its rarity i.e. Bilateral ovarian hemangioma multiplicity i.e. 3 neoplasms and a granuloma and complexity i.e. both benign and malignant lesions and a tuberculous lymphadenitis.
Respiratory Medicine in South Asia: India
Authors: Shankar P.S.
Published: November 2024

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Autism - A Review
Authors: Gupta Megha , Mehta Amarjeet , . Abhishek
Published: November 2024

Autism is derived from Greek word autos meaning self given to a behavioral phenotype. Autism is a complex neuro-developmental disorder characterized by qualitative impairments in social interaction and communication and grouped under Pervasive Developmental Disorder.The prevalence of autism is rising globally. Presently the generally accepted prevalence value is one in 1000 children. The etiology is unclear but genetics seem to have an important role.The autistic children exhibit behavioral symptoms such as temper tantrums hyperactivity short attention span impulsivity agitation anger and a tendency for aggressive and self-injurious behaviors. Disorders of language and social communication poor response to external stimulation tendency to isolate themselves and poor eye-to-eye contact are well-recognized symptoms. There are no specific genetic medical or laboratory tests available to confirm the diagnosis nor are there any prenatal screening tests available to assist prospective parents.Management includes parental counseling psychotherapy for the parent and child behavior modification techniques specialized speech and education and medication to control behavioral symptoms. Early diagnosis followed by aggressive appropriately targeted intervention before the age of 2 years significantly improves a childs long-term outcome especially in behavior communication and social skills. Hence it is essential for pedodontists and pediatricians to have sound knowledge about the disorder and its clinical manifestations so that early diagnosis and prompt treatment can be carried out to improve the prognosis.
Cysts in Dermatology – Part II
Authors: D Fadia Racchana , NJ Nadkarni
Published: November 2024

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A Critical Review of Food Security Issues and Challenges in India
Authors: Sadashivaiah Poornima
Published: November 2024

Food is a very basic human need. Access to adequate safe and nutritious food is the right of every citizen irrespective of gender caste creed colour or wealth. Every country irrespective of its economic status has a primary duty to grow store and distribute adequate food to its citizens at all times. It is also essential that countries access the demand and supply of food items real time and take measure to plug the gap between the demand and supply. Acountry is expected to frame and support such policy decisions that can ensure the nutritional security of its people. In this communication a birds eye view of food security issues and challenges facing India over the next 15 years is presented. It is important that public health personnel have an understanding into these issues in order to voice propose and implement food related policy decision.
Emerging Perspectives in Lung Diseases
Authors: Shankar P.S.
Published: November 2024

Autophagy has a prominent role in the biologic pathways involved in chronic lung diseases by affecting immunity cell proliferation cell death and disposal of unnecessary proteins. Cell responses against antigens facilitate occurrence of many lung diseases affecting the airways alveoli and interstitium. Cell death and proliferation are involved in the pathogenesis of lung diseases. A deficiency in autophagy is associated with hyperactivation of inflammation. Induction of autophagy acts as an anti-inflammatory defense. Endothelial dysfunction and pulmonary vascular cell proliferation are associated with pulmonary hypertension. A deficiency or an increase in autophagy activity has a key role in the pathogenesis of different lung diseases. The proper understanding of autophagy involved in lung diseases enables to formulate proper therpy for respiratory diseases.
Posterior Perforation of Gastric Ulcer - A Rare Surgical Emergency
Authors: Kappikeri Vijaykumar
Published: November 2024

Posterior perforation of gastric ulcer is a rare surgical emergency associated with a high mortality and morbidity. The diagnosis is commonly missed. Very few cases have been reported in literature. Here we report a case of posterior perforation of gastric ulcer which was operated and discharged without any complications.
Effect of TV viewing among School Children: On Obesity, Behavioural Problem, Sleep, Headache and Scholastic Performance
Authors: Krishnamurthy Kruthika , Pinto Candida , ML Kulkarni
Published: November 2024

Objective To know the effect of TV viewing on the health status of school children with special emphasis on obesity behavioural problems sleep and scholastic performance. Methods 300 students aged between 11 ndash 13 years from 18 randomly selected schools were interviewed using a pre-tested questionnaire. BMI was calculated to assess the nutritional status. Results 239 79.7 children viewed TV for lt2hrs day .Nearly 80 of the children were found to be uderweight. Significant association was found between duration of TV viewing and behavioural problems as well as headache. p valuelt0.05No significant association was found between duration of TV viewing and school performance and obesity. Conclusion TV viewing appears to have adverse effect on behaviour of children and increases the prevalence of headache.
Characterization of Mast cells in Periapical Lesions: A Birds Eye View
Authors: B Jagadeesh Ramya , Jahagirdar Abhishek , Mujib Bangalore Rahim Ahmed , Gurunathrao Kulkarni Pavan
Published: November 2024

The inflammatory infiltrate of periapical lesions is composed mostly of plasmocytes lymphocytes macrophages fibroblasts endothelial cells and mast cells. The versatile role of mast cells in allergy and immune responses is well recognized but their participation in the pathogenesis of periapical lesions is not fully clear.The aim of this study is to quantify the mast cell numbers in periapical lesions to clarify their role in the pathogenesis of these lesions. 66 periapical lesions were stained with hematoxylin-eosin histochemical Giemsa and tolonium chloride toluidine blue technique. Mast cell count below 100 on 1000 fields of high power magnification was noted as negative 101-400 as mild 401-800 as moderate and over 800 cells as severe. Mast cells were found in 57 86.36 lesions. The presence of mast cells was greater in cysts than in granulomas P0.03. Mast cells were present in both the inflammatory infiltrate and fibroblastic areas of periapical lesions with degranulation as a frequent finding in these zones. Their presence was mostly frequently moderate.Our results suggest that mast cells play an active role in the pathogenesis of the periapical inflammatory lesions. The findings suggest a role of mast cells in regulation of cellular and immune mechanisms in periapical lesions balancing between inflammatory and reparatory processes in inflamed periapical tissue.
Lung Cancer - World Scenario
Authors: Behera D.
Published: November 2024

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Mirizzi's syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: D.V Chalapathy , Reddy G Ramesh , S.R Vikas
Published: November 2024

Mirizzis syndrome consists of narrowing of the common heptic duct from mechanical compression andor inflammation by impacted gallstone in the neck of gall bladder or cystic duct. Acase of long-standing biliary disease and biliary obstruction is reported.
Galeodes Spider Bite
Authors: Amaranathan M.
Published: November 2024

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Normal Variants in Neonates and Parenteral Awareness
Authors: Manjula Panchanna Hubli , Kalvehalli Kashinath Sanjana , Murlidhar Laxmanrao Kulkarni
Published: November 2024

1000 consecutive live births taking place between April 2006 to June 2006 were evaluated for a minimum period of 3 days to note for the occurrence of various normal anatomical variants specially those of skin. Parental awareness birth weight gestational age maternal age socioeconomic status and consanguinity were carefully recorded in all the cases. Mongolian spots 67.6 milia 35.3 Epstein pearls 34.2 erythema toxicum 28.8 jaundice 29.4 and white discharge 22.8 were the common neonatal variants noted. Gestational age of the babies at birth and birth weight are important factors in their causation as recorded in our study. Significant number of parents expressed their anxiety and concern as they were unaware of these normal variants highlighting the need for parental education
Knowledge of Undergraduate Medical Students on Universal and Isolation Precautions: Indian Study
Authors: Kumar R.Vinay , Ramesh Masthi N.R
Published: November 2024

Objective To assess the knowledge about universal and isolation precautions UIP in the undergraduate medical students UMS before and after educational intervention .Design Semi-structured self-designed tested questionnaire before and after educational intervention were filled-up by the students. Data was entered and analyzed using the EpiInfo-version 6 statistical package and Chi-square test respectively. SettingMedical college situated in Bangalore. Participants 260 undergraduate para-clinical amp clinical medical students. Outcome Measure Assessing i having heard the UIP related phrases ii knowledge of infection transmission in hospital setting iii UIPrelated practice iv Aptitude test to recall barrier methodsobjects of UIP.Results 167 64.23 students had heard of universal precautions and 13351.15 responded had knowledge about Universal Precautions. 102 39.2 and 111 42.7 knew of correct hand washing procedure with respect to examining the patient and using the gloves respectively. 240 77.8 students said they would do recapping or manipulating used needles and 89 58.9 responded about disposing needle in manner that could cause needle stick injury to other health-care workers.221 85 students just knew less than three barrier objects of UIP practice and most commonly known object was glove.Conclusion Under graduate medical students UMS knowledge on UIP is less than satisfactory. Third term students lagged behind the rest of UMS plt 0.01 and so were refresher batches as compared with the corresponding main batches in all questions relating to UIP in both pretest and post-test p lt 0.05.There is increased awareness of UIP as student goes to higher terms and with educational interventions p lt 0.01. Further large scale study on national basis has to be undertaken to assess the magnitude of ignorance and to plan awareness programme.
A Study on the Awareness on Occupational Health Safety among Health Care Professionals in Radiology Department in a Selected Hospital
Authors: Iral D'souza Ancita , D'cunha Sweta , Suresh Sucharitha
Published: November 2024

Health and safety are important aspects of an organizations smooth and effective functioning. Good health and safety performance ensures an accident ndash free industrial environment. Awareness of occupational safety and health plays an important role in the prevention of occupational injuries and diseases. A study was undertaken to find the occupational health safety measures and also the awareness on Occupational Health Safety among health care professionals in Radiology department .It included 30 Radiology professionals. It was observed by the check list that majority 80 of the Occupational Safety Measures were present in the Radiology department. Through questionnaire it was found that majority 83.7 of the respondents were aware of the Occupational Health Safety in the Radiology Department. Radiation safety is a vital component of protective measures taken at any hospital that has diagnostic radiological and radiotherapy equipment.nbsp
Clinical Profile of Snake Bite Cases in Vidarbha Region of Maharashtra, India
Authors: S.Laddhad Deepak , D Laddhad Sangeeta , R Sancheti Saurabh , T Dinde Yogita , S Bhabad Sachin
Published: November 2024

Snakebite is a common problem faced in rural India. It takes a high toll of lives mainly of working male of the family. The present prospective observational study was carried out to study the clinical profile and management by syndromic approach of snakebite.245 cases of snakebite were admitted to Snake bite management unit of Laddhad Hospital over a period of 1 year from July 2010 to June 2011.Analysis of the data showed that majority 91.43 of cases were encountered from rural area in the age group of 21 to 30 years 24.90 Majority were male patients 62.04. Most affected were the agricultural laborers 56.33 and 60.82 of the cases had bite over lower extremities. Most of the snake bite 75.97 occurred during day time. July to October was the period in which most snake bite cases were observed. It was observed that syndromic approach was very effective in early diagnosis and treatment of snake bite. Average number of antiserum venom ASV required for cobra bite was 16 krait bite 22 Russells viper bite 12 and saw scaled viper bite 10.Average hospital stay in days for cobra bite were 6 krait bite 8 Russells viper bite 4 and saw scaled viper 4. Mortality rate was 0.81.nbsp
Respiratory Effects of Bhopal Gas Disaster
Authors: V.K Vijayan
Published: November 2024

The process of discontinuation of mechanical ventilation is called Weaning which needs to be carefully timed. Premature discontinuation of ventilator causes severe stress on the respiratory and cardiovascular system of a patient. Artificial Neural Network ANN is commonly referred to as ldquoNeural Networkrdquo helps in developing decision supportive system which will standardize the procedure for predicting weaning decisions. Genetic algorithm GA is used enhance the learning capability of neural network. In this work a mathematical model for predicting weaning decision is developed using mathematical model is also ANN and Genetic algorithm and verified using Matlab. The design concepts and simulation are presented.
Management of Neglected Fracture Neck of Femur by Internal Fixation and Tensor Fascia Lata Muscle Pedicle Grafting: A Prospective Study
Authors: J.N Sridharmurthy , . Somashekar , H.D Ranganath , R Yatish
Published: November 2024

Background Fractures of the neck of the femur have always presented great challenges to Orthopaedic Surgeons and remain in many ways today the unsolved fracture as far as treatment and results are concerned.Methods Early anatomical reduction compression of the fracture and rigid internal fixation are used to promote union but the surgeon probably has less control over osteonecrosis as the blood supply to the femoral head after femoral neck fracture is quite precarious. Many different devices have been devised for internal fixation of femoral neck fractures but currently two are commonly used. They are multiple cannulated screws and Dynamic Hip Screw with an additional anti-rotation screw. We studied 14 cases of 1 month-to-one year old fracture neck of femur. All of them had viable head of femur. There was varying degree of resorption of neck of femur One patient had pathological fracture neck of femur but head of femur was viable. 12 cases were treated with closed reduction internal fixation with cannulated cancellous screws augmented with Tensor fascia lata TFL muscle pedicle graft to the neck of femur .2 cases were treated with closed reduction internal fixation with Dynamic hip screw augmented with TFLMuscle pedicle graft to the neck of femur .Results 12 cases showed union of fracture 2 cases were lost in follow up all 12 patients were able to return to routine daily activities and one case had avascular necrosis AVN with poor function of hip.Conclusion Fracture neck of femur new or old when treated with stable reduction alignment as per Gardens index rigid internal fixation with augmentation by Tensor fascia muscle pedicle grafting for re-establishment of vascularity to head of the femur resulted in 100 union.
Lasers in Maxillofacial Surgery
Authors: Sharma Rashi , M Veeresh , DN Umashankar , Kumar R Mahesh , G Girish
Published: November 2024

In the field of oral and cranio-maxillofacial surgery use of laser has become the state of art as an efficient surgical tool since decades for both hard as well as soft tissues. This article showcases a comprehensive review of application of lasers in this field. The incorporation of lasers into the surgical field has led to various advances in surgical therapy and improved patient care. The ease of its use and decrease postoperative discomfort and minimal complication warrants its use.
A Rare Presentation of Acute Disseminated Tuberculosis in Pregnancy as ARDS with an Incidental Left Atrial Myxoma
Authors: N.R Davda , Y.C  Corresponding Author: st Dr Navin Davda Sagvekar , Dept. Medicine , . floor , Lifeline hospital Jupiter , Express Highway Eastern , (west) Thane , . Maharashtra-
Published: November 2024

A case of a 25-year old pregnant female having fever and breathlessness presented with features of acute respiratory distress syndrome ARDS. She had progressive pancytopenia. She was diagnosed to be having tuberculosis following bone marrow biopsy and AFB liquid culture. Incidentally a mysterious left atrial appendage mass was detected which embolised leading to splenic infarcts. It was finally diagnosed on biopsy as a left atrial myxoma. Patient is currently on anti-tuberculosis drugs and doing well.
Chondromyxoid Fibroma of Subtrochanteric Region with Ipsilateral Fracture of Neck of Femur in a 60 Years Old Female
Authors: P Sureshraj , M Elango , M Pragash , K Latchoumibady , A Murugan
Published: November 2024

Chondromyxoid fibroma is one of the least common benign tumors of bone . It occurs more often in males than females and in second or third 1 decade of life . We present a 60 years old female with chondromyxoid fibroma of subtrochanteric femur complicated by ipsilateral neck of femur fracture. Curettage and bone grafting was done and stabilized with proximal femoral nail PFN. Chondromyxoid fibroma of subtrochanteric femur with ipsilateral neck of femur is an unusual presentation. We managed both the lesions and neck of femur fracture with a single implant PFN. The fracture and the lesion got consolidated without any complications
Pathological Intertrochanteric Fracture and an Aneurysmal Bone Cyst in an Adolescent BoyPathological Intertrochanteric Fracture and an Aneurysmal Bone Cyst in an Adolescent Boy
Authors: P.D Sureshraj , M Elango , K Latchoumibady , A Murugan
Published: November 2024

Aneurysmal Bone Cyst ABC is a rare benign cystic lesion of bone. Though ABC affects all age groups it is more commonly encountered during the first two decades of life without any sex predilection. We present a 17-years old adolescent boy with aneurysmal bone cyst of proximal left femur with a pathological fracture. After curettage and fibular strut grafting femur was stabilized with Dynamic Hip Screw DHS. It resulted in healing of the fracture without any complications. Keywords Aneurysmal Bone Cyst Proximal Femur Dynamic H
Primary Pure Ovarian Choriocarcinoma Mimicking as Ruptured Ectopic Pregnancy: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Lobo Lancelot , Prasad HL Kishan , Prabhakar Sujaya
Published: November 2024

Primary choriocarcinoma of ovary is rare. It could be gestational or non-gestational in origin. The distinction between the two is difficult but necessary as the non-gestational type has a bad prognosis. We report a case of a pure ovarian choriocarcinoma likely to be of gestational origin treated by cytoreductive surgery in combination with post-operative chemotherapy. The patient received 4 cycles of Etoposide Metotrexate Actinomycin D Cisplatin Etoposide EMA-CE regimen with a satisfactory decrease in the serum beta-hCG level. There was no evidence of recurrence or metastasis after 6- months follow-up. Our case provides evidence that cytoreductive surgery in combination with post-operative chemotherapy is an effective therapeutic strategy for pure ovarian choriocarcinoma. The pure ovarian choriocarcinoma is aggressive with a high risk of metastasis close follow-up with serum beta-hCG and imaging examinations is essential.
Thalassaemia in Karnataka: The Burden
Authors: Ross Cecil , . Sanjukta , D'Souza Delon
Published: November 2024

Thalassaemia is a major health problem in our country and poses a considerable drain on health resources for management of affected children. It is a good candidate disease for control by preventive genetic programmes in India. Iron Fe deficiency is a very common occurrence among the population. Accurate population frequency data are needed for planning the control of thalassaemia in various parts of the country especially in the context of high prevalence of iron deficiency anemia. Knowledge of the number and proportion of women who carry a haemoglobinopathy and or Fe deficiency in women of child bearing age is required to help haematologists and Government plan and evaluate the effectiveness of services and screening programmes.nbsp
A Slip from Brachialis Muscle to Brachioradialis Muscle - A Case Study
Authors: Misba C Adline , SS Rajasekar
Published: November 2024

Background and Aims Reconstruction surgeries are very helpful in cases of trauma and burns. This case report is helpful to surgeons and to note the incidence of variation of the muscle Brachialis and hence to report the variation observed in the muscle Brachialis during routine upper limb dissection of adult human cadavers.Materials and Method 30 upper extremities 15 right and 15 left of 15 adult cadavers were studied in Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital Pondicherry. Variation was noted in the muscle Brachialis in one of the cadavers.Result Afibrous slip from the insertion part of the Brachialis muscle to the origin site of muscle Brachioradialis was found in the left upper limb.Conclusion The presence of slip from Brachialis to Brachioradialis has to be looked for by the orthopaedic surgeons and surgeons
Emerging Perspectives in Lung Diseases
Authors: P S Shankar Dr
Published: November 2024

none
Newer issues in the Management of Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: PG Raman
Published: November 2024

none
Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis
Authors: NS Neki , Singh Maninder , M. Shah Corresponding Author: Dr. N.S. Neki Divyang , of Medicine Professor , Medical College & Guru Nanak Dev Hospital Govt. , . Amritsar , . E-mail:drneki@gmail.com
Published: November 2024

Familial hyperkalemic periodic paralysis is an autosomal-dominant channelopathy characterized by reversible paralysis associated with episodic hyperkalemia. Mutations in the skeletal muscle voltage-gated sodium channel gene SCN4A have been reported to be responsible for this disorder. Paramyotonia congenita is also caused by mutations in the SCN4A gene. It is most commonly associated with horses but also occurs in humans where it is called Gamstorp episodic adynamy. It is characterized by muscle hyperexcitability or weakness which exacerbated by potassium or cold can lead to uncontrolled shaking followed by paralysis. Onset in humans usually occurs in early childhood. The mutation causes single amino acid changes in parts of the channel which are important for inactivation. In the presence of high potassium levels including those induced by diet sodium channels fail to inactivate properly.
Infected Lateral Nasopharyngeal Cyst - A Case Report
Authors: Bylappa Kiran , Kumar UP Chandra
Published: November 2024

Nasopharyngeal cysts are uncommon with a prevalence rate of 0.2 to 4 incidence and are mostly asymptomatic. Here we present a symptomatic 30-years old male with a history of prolonged nasal obstruction occipital headache and unilateral conductive hearing loss.
ND:YAG laser embolectomy in a Patient with Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion
Authors: P Kannan , MT Vyas , VA Corresponding Author : Dr M T Vyas Rao , in Ophthalmology Postgraduate , of Ophthalmology Department , Manakula Vinayagar Medical College Sri , . Puducherry
Published: November 2024

Management of central retinal artery occlusion and branch retinal artery occlusion is usually unsuccessful because of either late presentation or ineffective treatment options. Currently there is no effective therapy for central retinal artery occlusion and branch retinal artery occlusion. Transluminal NdYAG laser embolectomy can rapidly restore reperfusion. In this laser is focused on the embolus resulting in photodisruption of vessel wall. This leads to dislodgment of embolus through disrupted vessel wall and instant reperfusion of the occluded vessel at the cost of vitreous hemorrhage.We report a case of a 65 year old male patient having superotemporal branch retinal artery occlusion of left eye. After a trial of ocular massage and systemic acetazolamide which did not relieve the obstruction a single spot of 0.5mJ NdYAG laser was given over the embolus present over the bifurcation of superior trunk of central retinal artery resulting in instant removal of embolus and relief of obstruction. The major complication was vitreous hemorrhage.
Autonomic reactivity in normal healthy children of hypertensives
Authors: E Premaraja , S Bethiun
Published: November 2024

Objectives A study was undertaken to compare the reactivity between the offspring of normotensive parents and hypertensive parents. Autonomic functions were compared during rest and during physical stress. Study Design Study was done with 80 subjects divided into two groups of 40 each. Subjects were grouped by the presence of parental hypertension ge5 years. Blood pressure of ge14090 mm of Hg was used for classiffication WHO Classification. Blood pressure of le12080 mm of Hg was used for normotensives. Subjects were all normotensive and were in the age group of 18-27 years. Autonomic functions and heart rate variability were recorded for the study and compared between both the groups. Results The basal systolic Plt0.05 and diastolic pressures Plt0.05 and pulse rate Plt0.05 were found to be elevated in the study group. Autonomic functions such as heart rate and blood pressure changes during standing Plt0.05 cold pressor test Plt0.0001 and Valsalva maneuver Plt0.05 significantly differed between the groups. Heart rate variability showed elevated LFHF Ratio Plt0.0001 and SDNN and RMSSD were decreased in the study groups Plt0.05. Conclusion Heart Rate Variability and autonomic functions testing showed significantly increased sympathetic tone and the decreased parasympathetic activity before the onset of hypertension in predisposed individuals. This was evidenced by abnormality in basal levels of autonomic functions in rest and during reactivity to the physical stress in the subjects
Andropause
Authors: Neki N.S. , Mani Tamil
Published: November 2024

Andropause is a clinical and biochemical syndrome associated with advancing age in males and mainly characterized by a deficiency in serum blood androgen mostly testosterone levels. The significance of the age-related decline of androgens remains unclear in terms of cardiovascular risk mood and cognition and prostatic health. In this review article we discuss about pathophysiology symptoms and treatment of andropause.
Soft Skills and Training of Health Care Providers to Treat Elderly
Authors: Shankar PS
Published: November 2024

none
What is a Safe Flood
Authors: NS Neki , M. Shah Divyang , Singh Maninder
Published: November 2024

Blood safety is jeopardized by multiple and diverse factors including the predominance of high-risk familyreplacement donors and the high prevalence of transfusion-transmissible infections TTIs. Thus stringent diagnostic strategies are vital. Western blotting is costly and technically demanding and nucleic acid testing technologies which have been reported to reliably reduce the rate of TTI are not available in resource-limited settings. Therefore there is a need for reliable and affordable testing alternatives in these settings. Rapid diagnostic testing has been widely adopted in developing countries but for effectiveness in blood safety highly sensitive tests and the strict selection of low-risk blood donors are indispensable. Although the pre-serological window period remains a source of residual risk for transmission of TTIs during blood transfusion the combination antigenndashantibody rapid tests could contribute significantly to shortening the window period. Thus despite its limitations rapid diagnostic testing continues to contribute significantly to blood safety as a cost-effective means of enhancing screening for TTIs and reducing their transmission in resource-limited rural settings.nbsp
Vaccine Storage and Cold Chain
Authors: R Dongre Amol
Published: November 2024

none
A Study on Tuberculosis treatment outcome in known Diabetic Patients Treated under RNTCP in Bangalore
Authors: TS Ranganath , BM Shivaraj
Published: November 2024

Background The rising prevalence of diabetes mellitus DM in countries with high burden of tuberculosis TB may adversely affect tuberculosis control. Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme RNTPC prescribes the same treatment regimen for patients with tuberculosis and diabetes that is used for non-diabetics. Under the programme setting there is a need for study on successful treatment outcome of Tuberculosis patients with known Diabetes Mellitus.Objective To analyze the Tuberculosis treatment outcome in patients with known Diabetes Mellitus treated under RNTCP setting in an urban area.Methods After cluster sampling among the 9 Tuberculosis Units in Bangalore 5 were chosen randomly. 75 TB-DM patients and 150 TB without Diabetes were enrolled into the study and followed up for their treatment outcome.Results Of the 75 TB-DM patients 72 were males and 28 were females. gt90 of the patients were of age above 40 years. Overall treatment outcome was 81 and 87 among TB-DM and TB without DM respectively. It was not statistically significant Fishers exact test p0.3256.Conclusion RNTCPs DOTS regimen holds good for TB patients with and without Diabetes Mellitus. The DM co-morbidity did not significantly change the TB treatment outcome. Hence the current DOTS regime under RNTCPcan be applied to the TB-DM co-morbid patients.
Lasers in Maxillofacial Surgery
Authors: Sharma Rashi , M Veeresh , DN Umashankar , Kumar R Mahesh , G Girish
Published: November 2024

In the field of oral and cranio-maxillofacial surgery use of laser has become the state-of-the art as an efficient surgical tool since decades for both hard as well as soft tissues. This article showcases a comprehensive review of application of lasers in this field. The incorporation of lasers into the surgical field has led to various advances in surgical therapy and improved patient care. The ease of its use and decrease postoperative discomfort and minimal complication warrants its use.nbsp
Ulcerative colitis
Authors: S Shankar P
Published: November 2024

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A Study of prevalence and determinants of delirium in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: R Pradeep , R Arul Varman P Kumar
Published: November 2024

Aims and objectives To assess the prevalence types and course of delirium in Sri ManakulaVinayagar Medical College Hospital a tertiary care teaching hospital in Puducherry. The factors associated with delirium from demographic to possible determinants were also analyzed.Methodology Convenience sampling method was used for this study. Consecutive patients admitted to either psychiatry ward or any other medical or surgical wards fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected for the study. Diagnosis of delirium was ascertained by Confusion Assessment 13 14 Method CAM first its severity by Delirium Rating Scale DRS daily till recovery or death and Motor sub-typing subscale of Memorial Delirium Assessment 15 Scale MDAS for classifying delirium based on motor activity.Results Of the 36 cases studied 28 were males 77 and 8 females 23. The age ranged from 45 years to 82 years. Delirium accounted for 4.7 of cases seen by psychiatrists during the study period. Major determinants associated with delirium were alcohol withdrawal 47 major trauma 16 and sepsis 11. Electrolyte imbalance Hyponatremia and Hypokalemia were found in almost 70 of the cases. Hyperactive 44 type was more common followed by mixed 33 and hypoactive 22 at the initial presentation. Recovery was complete in 95 of cases with an average of 8 days whereas 2 patients expired Major Trauma ndash Head injury Sepsis.Conclusion Multiple factors were found in any case of delirium. Alcohol withdrawal was noted in a significant number of cases and they were mostly hyperactive in nature.
Efficacy of a single dose vaginal misoprostol 800 microgram in termination of pregnancy in first trimester.
Authors: Kesavapillai Rengaswamy Chellammal , Janakiraman Revathy
Published: November 2024

Background and objectives The use of single dose of Misoprostol vaginally at the primary care level where mifepristone is not available and Misoprostol being cost-effective has the potential to significantly increase the rural womens access to safe abortion. The aim of our study was to 1 to evaluate the efficacy of single dose 800 micrograms of vaginal Misoprostol in first trimester pregnancy termination 2 to critically evaluate the percentage of patients needing multiple doses and 3 to study and evaluate the failure rate complications and side effects with Misoprostol usage.Methods This study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Government Rajaji Hospital Madurai during the period of February 2007 to July 2007. Fifty patients with intrauterine pregnancy up to 12 weeks were selected for the study. Under strict aseptic precautions 800 microgram of Misoprostol was kept in posterior fornix. Time of application of tablet was noted. Analysis was done in the following aspects 1 induction abortion interval. 2 efficacy of single dose percentage of patients requiring second dose and curettage.3to note side effects. Analysis was done with the help of computer using epidemiological information package EPI 2002.Results 74 of the patients had a complete expulsion with single dose and the mean induction abortion interval was 11.38 hours.Conclusion Single high dose of vaginal misoprostol was found to be effective in first trimester pregnancy termination with minimal side effects and shorter induction abortion interval and hospital stay.nbsp
An assessment of the reliability of the dental x-ray film in assessing mp-3 stages of the pubertal growth spurt in comparison with handwrist and cervical vertebrae – skeletal maturity indicators kept as standards in a selected Chennai city population
Authors: Baskaranarayanan Balashanmugam , Rao Golla Usha
Published: November 2024

Assessment of the skeletal age provides significant and valuable information about the maturational status of the child to the orthodontist. It is useful in the treatment planning of dentofacial deviations and in selecting and executing orthodontic retention procedures or facial surgery. The purpose of the study is to investigate and assess the reliability of the dental x-ray film in assessing mp-3 stages of the pubertal growth spurt in comparison with hand wrist and cervical vertebrae being kept as standards in a selected Chennai city population.The result of this study reveal that the standard intra-oral peri-apical film was a reliable tool in assessing MP-3 stages of the pubertal growth spurt as it was able to relate to the skeletal development of the other skeletal maturity indicators such as hand wrist x-rays and cervical vertebrae which were kept as standards in this study.
Evaluation of soft and hard tissue changes after anterior segmental osteotomy
Authors: KR Harshitha , N Srinath , Kumar H Nanda , Christopher Sunil
Published: November 2024

Skeletal protrusion pose problem to orthodontists as they cant be corrected by orthodontics alone. Anterior segmental osteotomy in association with orthodontia is the choice of treatment. A study was conducted in ten patients who underwent anterior segmental osteotomy. Purpose of the study was to evaluate soft and hard tissue changes after anterior segmental osteotomy. Changes were evaluated in frontal and lateral view with the help of soft and hard tissue parameters. Changes were assessed using lateral cephalogram and frontal photographs taken preoperatively and six months postoperatively. Anterior segmental osteotomy allows for functional and aesthetical correction with good success rate and minimal complication.nbsp
Assessment of Shear bond strength of resin modified glass ionomer cement under different enamel surface conditions in comparison with a composite resin-an in vitro study
Authors: Rao Golla Usha , Baskaranarayanan Balshanmugam
Published: November 2024

An in vitro study was carried out at the Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacialorthopaedics Tamilnadu Government Dental College and Hospital ChennaiWith an aim to determine the shear bond strengths of the resin modified glass ionomer cement Fuji Ortho LC under five different enamel surface conditions before bonding and compare the same with a conventional chemically cured composite resin adhesive Unite 3M Unitek. Ninety non-carious premolar teeth that were extracted for orthodontic treatment purposes were used and subjected to different enamel conditions. The shear bond strength of the resin modified glass ionomer cement for its efficacy in orthodontic bonding was also studied.The results showed that the mean shear bond strengths were significantly different P lt 0.001 among different enamel conditions and that the shear bond strength of moist enamel surface etched with 10 polyacrylic acid for 20 seconds 13.44 Mpa approached the bond strength of composite resin 13.65 Mpa.nbsp
“Why I am a 'Doctor”
Authors: Srikantananda Swami
Published: November 2024

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Tuberous Sclerosis
Authors: ML Rokade
Published: November 2024

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Retinitis Pigmentosa
Authors: Shankar PS
Published: November 2024

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