bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study of Enhanced Machine Learning Algorithms for Brain Tumor Detection and Classification
Authors: GHOSH ANKIT , KOLE ALOK
Published: October 2021

The improvement of Artificial Intelligence
(AI) and Machine Learning (ML) can help radiologists in tumor diagnostics
without invasive measures. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a very useful
method for diagnosis of tumors in human brain. In this paper, brain MRI images
have been analyzed to detect the regions containing tumors and classify these
regions into three different tumor categories: meningioma, glioma, and
pituitary. This paper presents the implementation and comparison of various
enhanced ML algorithms for the detection and classification of brain tumors. A
brain tumor is the growth of abnormal cells in the human brain. Brain tumors
can be cancerous or non-cancerous. Cancerous or malignant brain tumors can be
life threatening. Hence, detection and classification of brain tumors at an
early stage is extremely important. In this paper, enhanced ML algorithms have
been implemented to predict the presence or the absence of brain tumors using
binary classification and to predict whether a patient has brain tumor or not
and if he does, detect the type of brain tumor using multi-class
classification. The dataset that has been used to perform the binary
classification task comprises of two types of brain MRI images with tumor and
without tumor. Here nine ML algorithms namely, Support Vector Machine (SVM),
Logistic Regression, K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Naïve Bayes (NB), Decision Tree
(DT) classifier, Random Forest classifier, XGBoost classifier, Stochastic
Gradient Descent (SGD) classifier and Gradient Boosting classifier have been
used to classify the MRI images. A comparative analysis of the ML algorithms
has been performed based on a few performance metrics such as accuracy, recall,
and precision, F1-score, AUC-ROC curve and AUC-PR curve. Gradient Boosting
classifier has outperformed all the other algorithms with an accuracy of 92.4%,
recall of 94.4%, precision of 85%, F1-score of 89.5%, AUC-ROC of 97.2% and an
AUC-PR of 91.4%. To address the multi-class classification problem, four ML
algorithms namely, SVM, KNN, Random Forest classifier and XGBoost classifier
have been employed. In this case, the dataset that has been used consists of
four types of brain MRI images with glioma tumor, meningioma tumor, and pituitary tumor and
with no tumor. The performances of
the ML algorithms have been compared based on accuracy, recall, precision and
the F1-score. XGBoost
classifier has surpassed all the other algorithms in terms of accuracy,
precision, recall and F1-score. XGBoost has produced an accuracy of 90%,
precision of 90%, and recall of 90% and F1-score of 90%.
Analisa Penerapan Gedung Bangunan Hijau pada Tahap Pelaksanaan Konstruksi
Authors: Nurman Tri Rahmi
Published: October 2021

With the pupr candy No. 2 of 205 and SE no. 86 of 2016 encourages the concept of environmentally friendly buildings, which is the government's effort in promoting the concept of environmentally friendly buildings. The concept of green building building, which is the concept of environmental management in the market region by involving all the surrounding community, is one of the buildings that includes the application of the concept of green building, namely the concept of environmental management. This research aims to evaluate the extent of the application of green buildings in the Pariaman city People's Market building and evaluate the success rate of green building implementation in the Pariaman City People's Market building. Research methods are carried out using qualitative methods by conducting interviews and filling out questionnaires. Based on data and calculations on the Pariaman City People's Market building there are 10 criteria for Green Building Building (BGH), the building in question has a total number of points of 64 out of a maximum of 100. As a result, the building is considered not to meet the criteria as a new building that applies the concept of green building such as SE no. 86 of 2016 has a standard rating of 70-75 points for the Pratama Plaque rating.
Peranan Ayam Lokal dalam Sudut Pandang Adat Budaya Bajawa Ngada
Authors: Deze Liliana Regina , Ngiso Bhae Christianus Yoseph
Published: October 2021

Ayam lokal atau ayam buras bukan ras dan lebih dikenal dengan sebutan ayam kampung sangat diminati dagingya dan juga telurnya dimana kita ketahui bahwa daging dan telur ayam kampung lebih sehat sehingga konsumsinya terus meningkat. Daging dan telur ayam kampung bukan hanya ditujukan untuk konsumsi keluarga dan masyarakat namun juga memiliki makna ritual dalam acara adat dan upacara keagamaan sesuai dengan kebutuhan. Sistim pemeliharaannya masih semi intensif sehingga pemeliharaannya hanya sekitar halaman rumah. Pemeliharaan ayam kampung di Bajawa Ngada ini masih kecil-kecilan dan kebanyakan masih dilepas dan ayam mencari makan sendiri dan hanya diberi makan pada pagi dan sore hari. Peluang usaha beternak ayam kampung sangat menjanjikan karena masyarakat Bajawa Ngada sangat membutuhkan ayam kampung untuk berbagai acara adat namun cara beternak ayam kampung yang masih tradisional atau semi intensif menjadi salah satu faktor pengahambat usaha ternak ayam kampung untuk mencapai kesuksesan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengenai peranan penggunaan ayam lokal pada sudut pandang adat Budaya Bajawa Ngada. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode Deskriptif Eksploratif dengan pendekatan wawancara Bersama tokoh adat Bajawa Ngada.Setelah melakukan penelitian ini peneliti mengungkapkan bahwa penggunaan ayam lokal didaerah Bajawa Ngada digemari daan sudah menjadi hal yang memenuhi kebutuhan untuk masyarakat
Strategi Kepala Sekolah PAUD dalam Membangun Citra Sekolah Menuju Sekolah PAUD Unggul pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Asiyah Siti
Published: October 2021

Pendidikan anak usia dini adalah Pendidikan utama yang dibutuhkan sejak dilahirkan. Tujuan strategi kepala sekolah Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini dalam Membangun citra sekolah menuju sekolah PAUD unggul adalah untuk mengetahui, menganalisa strategi dan peran kepala sekolah dalam pengelolaan serta pengawasan untuk meningkatkan profesionalisme pendidik dan tenaga kependidikan di masa pandemi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan oleh peneliti yaitu menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode survey yang diambil secara online dari google form yang berisi pernyataan-pernyataan. Jumlah responden dalam penelitian ini adalah 129 kepala sekolah di Kota Subang yang terdiri dari 58 orang kepala sekolah dari Organisasi Profesi IGTKI dan 71 orang kepala sekolah dari Organisasi Profesi HIMPAUDI. Penulis menggunakan rumus Slovin dalam perhitungan sampel dengan tingkat kesalahan sebesar 5% dengan pengambilan sampel acak sederhana dan untuk menentukan kevalidan dari item kuesioner peneliti menggunakan program SPSS 23 for windows dengan ketentuan tanda (*) yang berarti significan 0,05, bila (**) yang berarti significan 0.01. Item dikatakan valid jika df = N-2. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan berdasarkan skor rata-rata hasil pengolahan data, hasil penelitian secara umum tentang strategi kepala sekolah PAUD dalam membangun citra sekolah menuju sekolah PAUD unggul pada masa pandemi Covid 19 di Kota Subang mencapai angka 87,20 persen dari nilai ideal (100%), dalam penelitian ini angka tersebut masuk dalam kategori sangat baik.
Socialization of the Importance of the Agency's SPT Strategy and Development UMKM Strategy in Parungpanjang District
Authors: Mu `Arifin Hidayatul , Sari Dewi Siti Ratna , Rosini Iin
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this research is to provide an understanding of the making of the Agency's Annual SPT and the development strategy of MSME-IKM and to find out what obstacles are faced during the MSME-IKM Kec Forum. Parungpanjang at the time of making the annual corporate tax return. To achieve this goal, training activities for the preparation of the Agency's Annual SPT were carried out in UMKM-IKM Kec. Parungpanjang. The method used in this research is through training and coaching activities. The data collection method used in this study is a quantitative and descriptive method, namely by reviewing, researching, and providing training and guidance to companies in recording transactions and making annual and periodic tax returns. Thus making the company more effective and efficient in dealing with financial reporting and tax reporting issues. This bookkeeping and recording becomes a very crucial thing because what is recorded or recorded will be the basis for every taxpayer to calculate the amount of tax owed. From the results of this study, financial transactions have not been properly recorded into financial statements, although simple because there are many obstacles in making the annual corporate tax return, one of the factors is that human resources or managers do not understand a
Kualitas Soal Ujian Akhir Sekolah Mata Fisika SMA Negeri Se- Kota Baubau
Authors: Usman Minarti
Published: October 2021

Dalam rangka pencapaian tujuan pendidikan nasional maka pemerintah berupaya meningkatkan mutu pendidikan mulai dari jenjang sekolah dasar sampai perguruan tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas soal Ujian Akhir Sekolah mata pelajaran fisika kelas XII IPA SMA Negeri di Kota Baubau Tahun Pelajaran 2017/2018 dengan melihat validitas, reliabilitas, tingkat kesukaran, daya beda dan efektivitas pengecohnya. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan subjek penelitian lembar jawaban hasil ujian akhir sekolah mata pelajaran fisika kelas XII IPA SMA Negeri se-Kota Baubau yang terdiri dari 400 peserta didik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan validitas isi soal ujian akhir sekolah mata pelajaran fisika kelas XII IPA SMA Negeri se-Kota Baubau telah valid secara isi dengan koefisien validitas sebesar 0,943, validitas kriteria soal ujian akhir sekolah mata pelajaran fisika kelas XII IPA SMA Negeri se-Kota Baubau terdapat 9 butir soal tidak valid dari 35 butir soal yang diujikan, tingkat kesukaran soal ujian akhir sekolah mata pelajaran fisika kelas XII IPA SMA Negeri se-Kota Baubau memiliki sebaran tingkat kesukaran yang tidak proporsional dengan perbandingan sukar, sedang, dan mudah adalah 12, 2, dan 21, daya beda soal ujian akhir sekolah mata pelajaran fisika kelas XII IPA SMA Negeri se-Kota Baubau terdapat 14 butir soal yang memiliki daya beda sangat baik, 6 butir soal dengan daya beda baik, 1 butir soal dengan daya beda kurang baik dan 14 butir soal yang memiliki daya beda tidak berfungsi, efektivitas pengecoh, soal ujian akhir sekolah mata pelajaran fisika kelas XII IPA SMA Negeri se-Kota Baubau secara keseluruhan tidak dapat dapat dikatakan efektif atau berfungsi karena dari 35 butir soal yang di ujikan hanya terdapat 2 butir soal yang efektivitas pengecohnya berfungsi, dan reliabilitas, instrumen soal ujian akhir sekolah mata pelajaran fisika kelas XII IPA SMA Negeri se-Kota Baubau reliabel atau konsisten dengan koefosien reliabilitas instrument sebesar 0,741.
Automated design of self-testing means of memory modules
Authors:   Volobuev S.V., Ryabtsev V.G.
Published: October 2021

In the article the features of the CAD route are disclosed. Computer-aided design defines the stages of design procedures used at all stages of development: from developing and formalizing an idea to testing finished samples. Logic element libraries are used to design self-test memory modules that adapt to the schematic representation of components. The results of prototype design with the implementation of the project on programmable logic device (PLD) allow you to check correctness of design decisions, such as composition and structure, which can be implemented in the future in high-end finished application in a large integrated microcircuit.

Keywords
project verification; modeling; models of logical elements; memory modules; programmable logic circuit; self-testing means
РАЗВИТИЕ НЕФТЯНОЙ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТИ ЧЕЧНИ В 1926 – 1928 ГОДАХ
Authors: Исмаилова А.И.
Published: October 2021

В данной статье речь идет о достижениях грозненской нефтяной промышленности в 1926 – 1928 годах. Был достигнут не только довоенный уровень, но и превзойден вдвое. Также рассматривался вопрос о вовлечении в промышленное производство представителей коренной национальности. Проводилась большая работа по вовлечению чеченцев и ингушей в промышленность. Таким образом количество рабочих из числа коренной национальности, охваченных профессионально-техническим образованием в системе «Грознефти», росло из года в год.
БЮДЖЕТ КАЛМЫЦКОЙ СЕМЬИ ПОСЛЕДНЕЙ ТРЕТИ XIX В
Authors: Лиджиева И.В.
Published: October 2021

Целью данной статьи является изучение на основе анализа документального источника одного из аспектов сбора информации о социально-экономическом положении Калмыцкой степи имперскими чиновниками во второй половине XIX в. на примере запроса о годовом бюджете калмыцкой семьи. В ходе исследования отмечается, что знания улусных попечителей о населении, которое находилось под их управлением, зависели от личностных характеристик каждого в отдельности. В заключении автор отмечает, что несмотря на действующие в обществе правила о запрете подсчета скота, улусная администрация обладала сведениями, характеризующими благосостояние калмыков на подведомственной ей территории, учитывая географическое положение улуса, экстенсивный способ ведения хозяйства в условиях засушливого климата и дефицита водных источников и другие факторы.
ОБЩЕСТВЕННО-ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ ВОЗЗРЕНИЯ Ф.М. ДОСТОЕВСКОГО В «ДНЕВНИКЕ ПИСАТЕЛЯ»
Authors: Садулаева М.Х. , Зубайраева М.С.-Х.
Published: October 2021

В статье идет речь о публицистических работах Ф.М. Достоевского в его известном журнале «Дневник писателя». В их число входили выступления писателя по юридическим вопросам, политические статьи, воспоминания, критические заметки и многое другое. Пушкинская речь – вершина Достоевского-публициста, и в ней главнейшей чертой творчества Пушкина автор считает национально-русский характер. Противоречия художественной мысли Достоевского острее противоречий в публицистических статьях, где он их пытался избежать. Великого писателя более всего занимали онтологические, этические и антропологические проблемы: природа человека и природа преступления; ложь и истина; вина и возмездие; падение и возрождение. Светлый идеал, великая мысль, утопическое понимание истории, согласно которому мир через многочисленные уклонения движется к обществу внесословному, организованному на началах любви и братства – таковы главные мотивы выступлений Достоевского в его журнале.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПОДРОСТКОВ, СКЛОННЫХ К ПЕРЕЖИВАНИЮ СОСТОЯНИЯ ОДИНОЧЕСТВА
Authors: Сердюкова Е.Ф.
Published: October 2021

В статье приводится сравнительный анализ понятий «одиночество» и «изолированность», раскрывается содержание данных понятий, описываются факторы, влияющие на возникновение состояния одиночества. Основная цель данной статьи заключается в выявлении психологических особенностей подростков, которые усиливают переживание ими состояния одиночества. Именно подростковый возраст, по мнению автора статьи, создает наибольшую предрасположенность к возникновению этого тягостного психического состояния. Число подростков, испытывающих чувство одиночества, неуклонно возрастает, что нередко приводит к возникновению личностных девиаций и таким социально опасным последствиям, как алкоголизм, наркомания, депрессивные состояния, попытки суицида. В статье приводится обзор существующих научных точек зрения на проблему одиночества; приводятся типы одиночества, которое свойственно переживать подросткам; представлено описание результатов исследования личностных качеств подростков, переживающих состояние одиночества. Результаты проведенного исследования позволяют нам, не отвергая значимости личностных качеств при переживания подростками одиночества, тем не менее, утверждать, что проблема подросткового одиночества связана прежде всего с проблемами общения, с недостаточностью коммуникативных умений и навыков.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DA FISIOTERAPIA NO PÓS-OPERATÓRIO DE MASTECTOMIA
Authors: Coelho Carolina Nunes , Oliveira Erica Silva , Fernandes Selma Cristina , Artuzo Thaisa
Published: October 2021

O câncer é um termo que envolve os tipos de doenças malignas que têm em comum o crescimento desordenado de células, que podem invadir tecidos adjacentes ou órgãos a distância podendo se dividir rapidamente, essas células pode ser incontroláveis e agressivas, acarretando a formação de tumores, que podem espalhar-se para outras regiões do corpo. O câncer de mama é classificado como uma doença que sua causa principal é pela multiplicação desordenada de células anormais da mama, formando um tumor com capacidade de invadir outros órgãos. No Brasil, as taxas de mortalidade por câncer de mama continuam em crescimento, certamente porque a doença ainda é diagnosticada em estágios avançados. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a importância da fisioterapia na prevenção de sequelas de mulheres que realizaram pós-mastectomia. O presente trabalho consistiu em uma pesquisa de campo quali-quantitativa e a aplicação de um questionário de 17 perguntas fechadas realizado pela plataforma Google Forms, aplicado para 20 mulheres que tiveram câncer de mama. Como resultados obtidos pode ser observado das 20 mulheres entrevistadas que a faixa etária predominante foi de 30 a 49 anos, 45% encontrou o nódulo na mama pela mamografia de rotina, 90% das mulheres não teve complicações pós-operatório e que dessas complicações apenas 20% apresentou a presença de linfedema, das 20 mulheres 90% recebeu orientações sobre os cuidados e 50% realizou a fisioterapia, 65% teve a mobilidade articular diminuída e a importância da fisioterapia foi avaliada em 90% das mulheres com nota 10. Pode se concluir com base na pesquisa que o câncer de mama é o mais comum entre as mulheres, mas, que se for identificado no começo a chance de óbito é menor. Pode se observar que a fisioterapia é bem avaliada para todas as pacientes que realizaram a mastectomia, sendo de extrema importância no pós-operatório, evitando complicações como linfedema e na diminuição da amplitude de movimento.
Research on the Influence of DanceSport on the Body-esteem of Chinese College Students
Authors: Yuan Yuxin
Published: October 2021

A review of the research on the impact of DanceSport on the body-esteem of Chinese college students found that: there are demographic differences in the body-esteem of Chinese college students; DanceSport has a promoting effect on the level of body-esteem and its dimensions, and can promote their social development by improving their mental health; the physical and psychological benefits of DanceSport to college students and their mechanism are worthy of in-depth discussion by researchers in order to promote the healthy development of the body and mind of college students in China.
Aspectos Sazonais de um Índice de Risco de Incêndios Florestais na Região Norte do Brasil por Meio de Dados Meteorológicos
Authors: BARBOSA LIMA MAYARA , BRITO COSTA GABRIEL , DOS SANTOS PEREIRA WALDEIR , CORREA DA SILVA DUANY THAINARA , DOS SANTOS MATIAS LETÍCIA VICTORIA , DA SILVA MACAMBIRA ANA CAROLINE , DE ALMEIDA HEIDEMANN MARCELO , BARBOSA ALMADA NATAN
Published: October 2021

Este estudo se propõe a avaliar a sazonalidade de um índice de risco de incêndios florestais em estados situados na região Norte, em relação ao perigo meteorológico com base nos dados de umidade relativa do ar e precipitação, utilizando a Fórmula de Monte Alegre (FMA). Foram avaliadas 39 das 41 estações meteorológicas convencionais disponíveis. Por não apresentarem registro de dados desde 1978, duas estações foram descartadas. A série temporal analisada foi de 37 anos e 6 meses (de janeiro de 1978 a junho de 2016) para dados horários e diários. Os arquivos foram baixados, convertidos em formato txt, organizados e compilados por meio do software R estatística para o cálculo do índice de perigo de incêndio, por meio da Fórmula de Monte Alegre. Os resultados indicam uma grande sazonalidade do risco de incêndio nos estados estudados, com a variabilidade do Índice de Monte Alegre (IMA) associada com os totais pluviométricos, índices de umidade relativa, tipos climáticos e fisionomias vegetais dominantes nos municípios, sendo possível indicar os meses em que os riscos de incêndio nas localidades apontam risco “Alto” e “Muito Alto” dentro das escalas de risco propostas pela FMA.
The Impact of Service-Learning on Students’ Key Competences
Authors: Gregorová Alžbeta Brozmanová , Heinzová Zuzana , Chovancová Katarína
Published: October 2021

Service-learning as a teaching and learning strategy, which combines meaningful service in the community with education, has spread not only in the United States but also in South America, Asia, and Europe in recent years, with the pedagogy being applied at all levels of formal and informal education. In 2005, Matej Bel University, located in Banská Bystrica, Slovakia, developed a service-learning strategy, and by 2013 its usage had become widespread. This article presents the findings of a study that investigated the development of key competences of two student groups enrolled in courses that incorporated service-learning strategies during academic years 2013-2014 and 2014-2015 at Matej Bel University. The findings of the study suggest that service-learning strategies have positive impacts on the development of students’ key competences. The limitations of our study were conducted with a small research (experimental) group of students who passed service-learning course. Based on our research findings we can recommend service-learning as a suitable strategy for students’ key competencies development.
Den Fresken und der Orgel zuliebe
Authors: Genath Bernd
Published: October 2021

„Wer CO2 einspart, trägt zur Bewahrung der Schöpfung bei“, so die kirchliche Begründung und Aufforderung zu Klimaschutzmaßnahmen. Nun unterliegen klerikale Nichtwohngebäude ganz normal den Bestimmungen des GEG. Auch ohne Bewahrungspflicht müssen sie energieeffizient sein. Die Kirchenschiffe dagegen stehen schon allein wegen ihrer kühlen Temperaturen außerhalb der Rechtsordnung. Ihr reines Einsparpotenzial hält sich sehr in Grenzen. Nicht aber das Optimierungspotenzial in den Raumluftkonditionen.
Mitbetrieb von Klimaanlagen: Der Plug-In-Hybrid für die Heizung
Authors: Liebmann Karsten
Published: October 2021

In vielen Gebäuden sind Split-Klimageräte installiert, die nur im Kühlbetrieb genutzt werden. Im Umkehrbetrieb können diese jedoch als Luft/Luft-Wärmepumpen auch zur Raumheizung beitragen. Wenn diese Wärmepumpen in den Übergangsmonaten, also bei Außentemperaturen, welche mit hohen Leistungszahlen korrespondieren, zugeschaltet werden, führt das zu einer erheblichen Verringerung der Gesamtheizkosten und CO2-Emissionen. Wenn diese Betriebsart weit verbreitet Anwendung finden würde, wäre ein Effekt auf den landesweiten Energiebedarf für Heizungszwecke möglich.
Bedarfsgerechte und energieoptimierte Gebäudeautomation auf Basis des Verwaltungsschalenkonzeptes der Industrie 4.0
Authors: Huhn Dominik , Müller Jochen
Published: October 2021

Mit dem Oberbegriff Industrie 4.0 (I4.0) wird die Digitalisierung der produzierenden Industrie bezeichnet. Maßgebliche Interaktionsmechanismen von I4.0 wurden im ersten Teil dieses Beitrags (HLH Bd. 71 (2021) Nr. 5) allgemein auf die Gebäudeautomation angewendet und spezifiziert. Im Folgenden sollen verschiedene Anwendungsszenarien im täglichen Gebäudebetrieb genauer betrachtet werden. Im Anschluss wird die praktische Umsetzung im Gebäudeautomationslabor der Technischen Hochschule Köln vorgestellt.
Angenehme Wärme von oben
Authors: Paul-Färber Marion
Published: October 2021

Um Teilbereiche der Trampolinhalle UpSprung in Osnabrück optimal zu erwärmen, entschieden sich die Verantwortlichen auf der Suche nach einer passenden Alternative für eine Deckenstrahlheizung. Seit Abschluss der Umbauarbeiten spendet sie den Wartenden im Sitzplatzbereich angenehme Wärme.
Object speed perception during lateral visual self-motion
Authors: Jörges Björn , Harris Laurence R.
Published: October 2021

Judging object speed during observer self-motion requires disambiguating retinal stimulation from two sources: self-motion and object motion. According to the Flow Parsing hypothesis, observers estimate their own motion, then subtract the retinal corresponding motion from the total retinal stimulation and interpret the remaining stimulation as pertaining to object motion. Subtracting noisier self-motion information from retinal input should lead to a decrease in precision. Furthermore, when self-motion is only simulated visually, self-motion is likely to be underestimated, yielding an overestimation of target speed when target and observer move in opposite directions and an underestimation when they move in the same direction. We tested this hypothesis with a two-alternative forced-choice task in which participants judged which of two motions, presented in an immersive 3D environment, was faster. One motion interval contained a ball cloud whose speed was selected dynamically according to a PEST staircase, while the other contained one big target travelling laterally at a fixed speed. While viewing the big target, participants were either static or experienced visually simulated lateral self-motion in the same or opposite direction of the target. Participants were not significantly biased in either motion profile, and precision was only significantly lower when participants moved visually in the direction opposite to the target. We conclude that, when immersed in an ecologically valid 3D environment with rich self-motion cues, participants perceive an object’s speed accurately at a small precision cost, even when self-motion is simulated only visually.
Experts use base rates in real-world sequential decisions
Authors: Link Daniel , Raab Markus
Published: October 2021

Human behavior is often assumed to be irrational, full of errors, and affected by cognitive biases. One of these biases is base-rate neglect, which happens when the base rates of a specific category are not considered when making decisions. We argue here that while naïve subjects demonstrate base-rate neglect in laboratory conditions, experts tested in the real world do use base rates. Our explanation is that lab studies use single questions, whereas, in the real world, most decisions are sequential in nature, leading to a more realistic test of base-rate use. One decision that lends itself to testing base-rate use in real life occurs in beach volleyball—specifically, deciding to whom to serve to win the game. Analyzing the sequential choices in expert athletes in more than 1,300 games revealed that they were sensitive to base rates and adapted their decision strategies to the performance of the opponent. Our data describes a threshold at which players change their strategy and use base rates. We conclude that the debate over whether decision makers use base rates should be shifted to real-world tests, and the focus should be on when and how base rates are used.
On the possibility of termination of the lease contract of municipal property in the case of privatization of the lease object
Authors: Moroz Mykola
Published: October 2021

Problem setting. Quite often in the practice of law enforcement there are disagreements as to whether privatization of the leased object may be the reason for the termination of the lease contract of municipal property.

Analysis of recent researches and publications. The issue of termination of lease contract of municipal property was studied by legal scholars in different ways. Research in this area was conducted by I. R. Kalaur, Ye. Kozarenko, O. Moroz, I. Spasibo-Fatieieva, V. Steshenko and other scientists.

Target of research is determining whether the lease contract of municipal property can be terminated by privatization of the leased object.

Article’s main body. A conflict between Part 2 of Art. 770 of the Civil Code of Ukraine and Part 8 of Art. 20 of the current Law of Ukraine “On Lease of State and Municipal Property”, which stipulate that the provision that the lease contract remains in force for the new owner in case of alienation of leased property may be changed by the parties to the contract and the said alienation may be grounds for the termination of the lease, if the parties have agreed on this, on the one hand and Part 4 of Article 18 of the Law of Ukraine “On Privatization of State and Municipal Property”, which establishes the mandatory provision according to which in case of privatization the lease contract remains in force for a new owner, on the other. The author notes that the mentioned rule of the Law of Ukraine “On Privatization of Public and Municipal Property” is special in relation to the rules of the Civil Code of Ukraine and the Law of Ukraine “On Lease of Public and Mubicipal Property”, which are general in relation to the first.

Conclusions and prospects for the development. Upon alienation of the subject of the contract in the manner of privatization, the contract of lease of municipal property remains in force for the new owner of the privatized property. At the same time, if the parties have established in the lease of municipal property that the alienation of the leased object is the basis for its termination, such a provision applies in the case of alienation of the object by the owner on grounds other than privatization and in such circumstances, alienation of property by the owner otherwise than privatization is the reason for its termination.
Department of Pediatrics
Authors: Khan M. A.
Published: October 2021

Публикация посвящена деятельности сотрудников отдела педиатрии ЦНИИКиФ, стоявших у истоков создания детской физиотерапии, курортологии и медицинской реабилитации. В статье представлены основные направления научных исследований подразделения и достижения по обоснованию применения новых для педиатрии природных и искусственных физических факторов при различных заболеваниях детского возраста, разработке инновационных технологий физиотерапии и курортологии для профилактики, лечения и медицинской реабилитации детей. Итоги многолетней плодотворной деятельности отдела педиатрии ЦНИИКиФ нашли свое отражение в монографиях, посвященных основам детской физиотерапии, курортологии, физической и реабилитационной медицины, многочисленных учебных пособиях, методических рекомендациях и статьях.
Scientific Center of Art Therapy of the National Medical Research Center of Rehabilitation and Balneology. Implementation of Art Therapeutic Support for Patients’ Rehabilitation on the Basis of the Medical Center
Authors: Gigineishvili G. R. , Lanberg O. A. , Kotenko N. V.
Published: October 2021

Одно из популярнейших направлений в психологии и психотерапии на сегодняшний день — арт-терапия. Несмотря на то, что появилась она почти сто лет назад, сейчас она словно получила второе дыхание. Расширяются границы ее функций: ее активно применяют и в Национальном медицинском исследовательском центре реабилитации и курортологии Минздрава России. Если раньше работали преимущественно в рамках рисования, то теперь коррекция психоэмоционального состояния осуществляется посредством музыки, литературы, театра и других видов искусства. С их помощью на личность человека оказывается необходимое психологу влияние.
History of the Physiotherapy Department
Authors: Konchugova T. V. , Kulchitskaya D. B.
Published: October 2021

В статье приводятся исторические факты, связанные с научной и лечебной работой отдела физиотерапии Национального медицинского исследовательского центра реабилитации и курортологии Минздрава России, начиная с 80-х гг. ХХ столетия. Кратко изложены основные научные достижения сотрудников отдела, связанные с разработкой новых эффективных физиотерапевтических методик для практического здравоохранения. Сделан акцент на большую педагогическую работу, в частности, подготовку врачей-ординаторов Центра, которую всегда проводили научные сотрудники отдела физиотерапии. Представлены перспективы развития современной физиотерапии и наиболее важные направления научных исследований для их реализации.
Department of Experimental Research (Brief Historical Summary)
Authors: Korolev Yu. N.
Published: October 2021

Основные направления научных исследований отдела экспериментальных исследований — изучение клеточных и внутриклеточных механизмов адаптации при применении природных и искусственных лечебных физических факторов в целях повышения их устойчивости к сильным патогенным воздействиям; разработка и обоснование принципов регуляции адаптивных процессов в различных функциональных системах организма. В последние годы в отделе проводятся научные исследования по изучению механизмов первичной и вторичной профилактики пострадиационных и стрессогенных нарушений в мужской репродуктивной системе с применением сочетанных немедикаментозных лечебных факторов.
COVID-19 Pandemisinin Eğitim Düzeyine Göre Gebelik Oranlarına Etkisi
Authors: SOYSAL Cenk , SARI Hatice , ERTEN Özlem , BIYIK İsmail , KESKİN Nadi , TAŞÇI Yasemin
Published: October 2021

Amaç: COVİD-19 pandemisinin eğitim düzeyine göre, gebe kalma oranları ve doğum şekli üzerine etkisinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Materyal ve Metod: Bu çalışma, Kütahya Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum polikliniğine gebelik tanısıyla başvuran hastaların verilerinin retrospektif olarak incelenmesiyle oluşturulmuştur. Pandemi öncesindeki 6 aylık dönem ile pandemi sırasındaki 6 aylık dönem; eğitim düzeyleri, gebelik oranları ve doğum şekli açısından karşılaştırılmıştır.

Bulgular: Pandemi öncesi 6 aylık periyotta 960 yeni gebelik başvurusu olmasına karşın pandemi döneminde 6 aylık periyotta 541 yeni gebelik başvurusu olmuştur. Tüm eğitim düzeylerinde, pandemi öncesi döneme göre pandemi döneminde değişim olmuştur (p
Equality & Diversity Perspectives for the Proficiency in English Assessment for IMGs
Authors: Chakravorty Indranil
Published: October 2021

The story of a West Midlands General Practitioner who faced the fearsome prospect of deportation and severance from her young family due to expiry of her English proficiency test after 2 years- highlights the lack of consultation, awareness, empathy and dignity that is perceived by international medical graduates in the UK. What is most alarming is that evidence of working as a GP in the UK for 8 years, communicating with patients and colleagues in English - and passing all the standardised professional examinations set by the medical royal colleges was not considered sufficient for her to be assessed to have the minimum requirements for her permit/ leave to remain to be renewed. The mental anguish and stress that a frontline GP has to face is totally avoidable.
 
The NHS, GMC and Department of Health and Social Care need to have robust consultation with the Home Office department on making the rules sensitive and meaningful and applied with awareness, understanding and compassion that is critical for the wellbeing of the healthcare workforce- and the benefit of our patients.
TESS-Keck Survey. V. Twin Sub-Neptunes Transiting the Nearby G Star HD 63935
Authors: Scarsdale Nicholas , Murphy Joseph M. Akana , Batalha Natalie M. , Crossfield Ian J. M. , Dressing Courtney D. , Fulton Benjamin , Howard Andrew W. , Huber Daniel , Isaacson Howard , Kane Stephen R. , Petigura Erik A. , Robertson Paul , Roy Arpita , Weiss Lauren M. , Beard Corey , Behmard Aida , Chontos Ashley , Christiansen Jessie L. , Ciardi David R. , Claytor Zachary R. , Collins Karen A. , Collins Kevin I. , Dai Fei , Dalba Paul A. , Dragomir Diana , Fetherolf Tara , Fukui Akihiko , Giacalone Steven , Gonzales Erica J. , Hill Michelle L. , Hirsch Lea A. , Jensen Eric L. N. , Kosiarek Molly R. , de Leon Jerome P. , Lubin Jack , Lund Michael B. , Luque Rafael , Mayo Andrew W. , Močnik Teo , Mori Mayuko , Narita Norio , Nowak Grzegorz , Pallé Enric , Rabus Markus , Rosenthal Lee J. , Rubenzahl Ryan A. , Schlieder Joshua E. , Shporer Avi , Stassun Keivan G. , Twicken Joe , Wang Gavin , Yahalomi Daniel A. , Jenkins Jon , Latham David W. , Ricker George R. , Seager S. , Vanderspek Roland , Winn Joshua N.
Published: October 2021

We present the discovery of two nearly identically sized sub-Neptune transiting planets orbiting HD 63935, a bright (V = 8.6 mag), Sun-like (T
eff = 5560 K) star at 49 pc. TESS identified the first planet, HD 63935 b (TOI-509.01), in Sectors 7 and 34. We identified the second signal (HD 63935 c) in Keck High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer and Lick Automated Planet Finder radial velocity data as part of our follow-up campaign. It was subsequently confirmed with TESS photometry in Sector 34 as TOI-509.02. Our analysis of the photometric and radial velocity data yielded a robust detection of both planets with periods of 9.0600 ± 0.007 and 21.40 ± 0.0019 days, radii of 2.99 ± 0.14 and 2.90 ± 0.13 R
⊕, and masses of 10.8 ± 1.8 and 11.1 ± 2.4 M
⊕. We calculated densities for planets b and c consistent with a few percent of the planet mass in hydrogen/helium envelopes. We also describe our survey’s efforts to choose the best targets for James Webb Space Telescope atmospheric follow-up. These efforts suggest that HD 63935 b has the most clearly visible atmosphere of its class. It is the best target for transmission spectroscopy (ranked by the transmission spectroscopy metric, a proxy for atmospheric observability) in the so far uncharacterized parameter space comprising sub-Neptune-sized (2.6 R
⊕ < R
p < 4 R
⊕), moderately irradiated (100 F
⊕ < F
p < 1000 F
⊕) planets around G stars. Planet c is also a viable target for transmission spectroscopy, and given the indistinguishable masses and radii of the two planets, the system serves as a natural laboratory for examining the processes that shape the evolution of sub-Neptune planets.
Keck/OSIRIS Paβ High-contrast Imaging and Updated Constraints on PDS 70b
Authors: Uyama Taichi , Xie Chen , Aoyama Yuhiko , Beichman Charles A. , Hashimoto Jun , Dong Ruobing , Hasegawa Yasuhiro , Ikoma Masahiro , Mawet Dimitri , McElwain Michael W. , Ruffio Jean-Baptiste , Wagner Kevin R. , Wang Jason J. , Zhou Yifan
Published: October 2021

We present a high-contrast imaging search for Paβ line emission from protoplanets in the PDS 70 system with Keck/OSIRIS integral field spectroscopy. We applied the high-resolution spectral differential imaging technique to the OSIRIS J-band data but did not detect the Paβ line at the level predicted using the parameters of Hashimoto et al. (2020). This lack of Paβ emission suggests the MUSE-based study may have overestimated the line width of Hα. We compared our Paβ detection limits with the previous Hα flux and Hβ limits and estimated A
V to be ∼0.9 and 2.0 for PDS 70 b and c, respectively. In particular, PDS 70 b’s A
V is much smaller than implied by high-contrast near-infrared studies, which suggests the infrared-continuum photosphere and the hydrogen-emitting regions exist at different heights above the forming planet.
Hydrodynamic Model of Hα Emission from Accretion Shocks of a Proto-giant Planet and Circumplanetary Disk
Authors: Takasao Shinsuke , Aoyama Yuhiko , Ikoma Masahiro
Published: October 2021

Recent observations have detected excess Hα emission from young stellar systems with an age of several Myr such as PDS 70. One-dimensional radiation-hydrodynamic models of shock-heated flows that we developed previously demonstrate that planetary accretion flows of >a few ten km s−1 can produce Hα emission. It is, however, a challenge to understand the accretion process of proto-giant planets from observations of such shock-originated emission because of a huge gap in scale between the circumplanetary disk (CPD) and the microscopic accretion shock. To overcome the scale gap problem, we combine two-dimensional, high-spatial-resolution global hydrodynamic simulations and the one-dimensional local radiation-hydrodynamic model of the shock-heated flow. From such combined simulations for the protoplanet–CPD system, we find that the Hα emission is mainly produced in localized areas on the protoplanetary surface. The accretion shocks above the CPD produce much weaker Hα emission (approximately one to two orders of magnitude smaller in luminosity). Nevertheless, the accretion shocks above the CPD significantly affect the accretion process onto the protoplanet. The accretion occurs at a quasi-steady rate if averaged on a 10 day timescale, but its rate shows variability on shorter timescales. The disk surface accretion layers including the CPD shocks largely fluctuate, which results in the time-variable accretion rate and Hα luminosity of the protoplanet. We also model the spectral emission profile of the Hα line and find that the line profile is less time-variable despite the large variability in luminosity. High-spectral-resolution spectroscopic observation and monitoring will be key to revealing the property of the accretion process.
Ultra-wideband, Multiepoch Radio Study of the First Discovered “Main-sequence Radio Pulse Emitter” CU Vir
Authors: Das Barnali , Chandra Poonam
Published: October 2021

The presence of a large-scale surface magnetic field in early-type stars leads to several unique electromagnetic phenomena producing radiation over X-ray to radio bands. Among them, the rarest type of emission is electron cyclotron maser emission (ECME) observed as periodic, circularly polarized radio pulses. The phenomenon was first discovered in the hot magnetic star CU Vir. Past observations of this star led to the consensus that the star produces only right circularly polarized ECME, suggesting that only one magnetic hemisphere takes part in the phenomenon. Here we present the first ultra-wideband (0.4–4 GHz) study of this star using the upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio telescope and the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array, which led to the surprising discovery of ECME of both circular polarizations up to around 1.5 GHz. The GHz observations also allowed us to infer that the upper ECME cutoff frequency is at ≳5 GHz. The sub-GHz observation led to the unexpected observation of more than two pairs of ECME pulses per rotation cycle. In addition, we report the discovery of a “giant pulse” and transient enhancements, which are potentially the first observational evidence of “centrifugal breakout” of plasma from the innermost part of the stellar magnetosphere. The stark contrast between the star’s behavior at GHz and sub-GHz frequencies could either be due to propagation effects, a manifestation of varying magnetic field topology as a function of height, or a signature of an additional “ECME engine.”
Resolved Nuclear Kinematics Link the Formation and Growth of Nuclear Star Clusters with the Evolution of Their Early- and Late-type Hosts
Authors: Pinna Francesca , Neumayer Nadine , Seth Anil , Emsellem Eric , Nguyen Dieu D. , Böker Torsten , Cappellari Michele , McDermid Richard M. , Voggel Karina , Walcher C. Jakob
Published: October 2021

We present parsec-scale kinematics of 11 nearby galactic nuclei, derived from adaptive-optics assisted integral-field spectroscopy at (near-infrared) CO band-head wavelengths. We focus our analysis on the balance between ordered rotation and random motions, which can provide insights into the dominant formation mechanism of nuclear star clusters (NSCs). We divide our target sample into late- and early-type galaxies, and discuss the nuclear kinematics of the two subsamples, aiming at probing any link between NSC formation and host galaxy evolution. The results suggest that the dominant formation mechanism of NSCs is indeed affected by the different evolutionary paths of their hosts across the Hubble sequence. More specifically, nuclear regions in late-type galaxies are on average more rotation dominated, and the formation of nuclear stellar structures is potentially linked to the presence of gas funneled to the center. Early-type galaxies, in contrast, tend to display slowly rotating NSCs with lower ellipticity. However, some exceptions suggest that in specific cases, early-type hosts can form NSCs in a way similar to spirals.
Presolar Grain Isotopic Ratios as Constraints to Nuclear and Stellar Parameters of Asymptotic Giant Branch Star Nucleosynthesis
Authors: Palmerini Sara , Busso Maurizio , Vescovi Diego , Naselli Eugenia , Pidatella Angelo , Mucciola Riccardo , Cristallo Sergio , Mascali David , Mengoni Alberto , Simonucci Stefano , Taioli Simone
Published: October 2021

Recent models for evolved low-mass stars (with M ≲ 3 M
⊙), undergoing the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) phase assume that magnetic flux-tube buoyancy drives the formation of 13C reservoirs in He-rich layers. We illustrate their crucial properties, showing how the low abundance of 13C generated below the convective envelope hampers the formation of primary 14N and the ensuing synthesis of intermediate-mass nuclei, like 19F and 22Ne. In the mentioned models, their production is therefore of a purely secondary nature. Shortage of primary 22Ne has also important effects in reducing the neutron density. Another property concerns AGB winds, which are likely to preserve C-rich subcomponents, isolated by magnetic tension, even when the envelope composition is O-rich. Conditions for the formation of C-rich compounds are therefore found in stages earlier than previously envisaged. These issues, together with the uncertainties related to several nuclear physics quantities, are discussed in the light of the isotopic admixtures of s-process elements in presolar SiC grains of stellar origin, which provide important and precise constraints to the otherwise uncertain parameters. By comparing nucleosynthesis results with measured SiC data, it is argued that such a detailed series of constraints indicates the need for new measurements of weak-interaction rates in ionized plasmas, as well as of neutron-capture cross sections, especially near the N = 50 and N = 82 neutron magic numbers. Nonetheless, the peculiarity of our models allows us to achieve fits to the presolar grain data of a quality so far never obtained in previously published attempts.
Successive Coronal Mass Ejections Associated with Weak Solar Energetic Particle Events
Authors: Zhuang Bin , Lugaz Noé , Gou Tingyu , Ding Liuguan
Published: October 2021

The scenario of twin coronal mass ejections (CMEs), i.e., a fast and wide primary CME (priCME) preceded by preceding CMEs (preCMEs), has been found to be favorable to a more efficient particle acceleration in large solar energetic particle (SEP) events. Here we study 19 events during 2007–2014 associated with twin-CME eruptions but without large SEP observations at the L1 point. We combine remote-sensing and in situ observations from multiple spacecraft to investigate the role of magnetic connectivity in SEP detection and the CME information in three-dimensional (3D) space. We study one-on-one correlations of the priCME 3D speed, flare intensity, suprathermal backgrounds, and height of CME–CME interaction with the SEP intensity. Among these, the priCME speed is found to correlate with the SEP peak intensity at the highest level. We use the projection correlation method to analyze the correlations between combinations of these multiple independent factors and the SEP peak intensity. We find that the only combination of two or more parameters that has a higher correlation with the SEP peak intensity than the CME speed is the CME speed combined with the propagation direction. This further supports the dominant role of the priCME in controlling the SEP enhancements and emphasizes the consideration of the latitudinal effect. Overall, the magnetic connectivity in longitude as well as latitude and the relatively lower priCME speed may explain the existence of the twin-CME SEP-poor events. The role of the barrier effect of preCME(s) is discussed for an event on 2013 October 28.