bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Late capitalism
Authors: Smart Barry
Published: March 2016

The term
capitalism
has its roots in the nineteenth century and received its most influential analytic clarification in the respective works of Karl Marx (1818–1883) and Friedrich Engels (1820–1895). Karl Marx, in a series of analyses, some in collaboration with Engels, delineated the distinctive features of capitalism as a mode of production and provided a powerful analysis of its logic and an influential critique of its social and economic consequences. Capitalism is an economic system that has “transformation” in its DNA, it is constantly mutating and changing, perpetually in the process of becoming a form of economic life for which a “steady state” is anathema. As Marx and Engels succinctly note in
The Communist Manifesto
, capitalism is “constantly revolutionizing the instruments of production, and thereby the relations of production, and with them the whole relations of society.”
Marine pollution
Authors: Burns Thomas J.
Published: March 2016

Marine pollution refers to a disruption to the natural ecology of water systems, particularly oceans, as a direct or indirect result of human activity. While some pollution is caused by directly identifiable sources, such as an oil spill, the preponderance of marine pollution is a “nonpoint source,” or stemming from a variety of possible diffuse causes. By‐products of extensive agriculture such as herbicides, pesticides, and fertilizers, silt, and erosion runoff from human land‐based activities constitute major causes of marine pollution. Groundwater contamination from hydraulic fracturing (“fracking”) and improperly treated sewage that eventually runs into the ocean constitute significant sources as well. Addressing the problem will likely require cooperation across traditional political boundaries. In addition, the adoption of the precautionary principle offers hope for addressing the problems at a number of different levels of analysis.
The value of primary vascular stents in management of early portal vein stenosis after liver transplantation
Authors: Chang Wen‐Tsan , Kuo Yu‐Ting , Lee King‐Teh , Shih Ming‐Chen , Huang Jian‐Wei , Su Wen‐Lung , Chen Chau‐Yun , Huang Yu‐Ling , Wang Shen‐Nien , Chuang Shih‐Chang , Kuo Kung‐Kai , Chen Jong‐Shyone
Published: March 2016

If portal vein stenosis (PVS) occurs within 1 month after liver transplantation (LT), especially within 1 week, it can be catastrophic and result in rapid loss of the grafts and mortality. Although surgical treatments have been considered standard treatment for PVS, patients are usually unable to receive operations or re‐transplantations, because of their critical conditions and a shortage of grafts. Recently, primary percutaneous transhepatic portal vein stents (PTPS) were suggested as alternative and less‐invasive treatments of PVS. However, because lethal complications may follow these primary stent placements for patients in early stages after LT, primary PTPS placements for patients suffering PVS 1 month after LT has been suggested. From November 2009 to July 2015, 38 consecutive adult patients underwent LT at our institution. Among them, six recipients suffered PVS within 1 month after LT. Technical success was achieved in all six patients. Clinical success was obtained in two of the four patients suffering PVS within 1 week after LT, and in the other two patients suffering PVS > 1 week after LT. All surviving patients and their grafts were in good condition, and their stents remained patent. Our experience showed that primary PTPS placements can be used to effectively treat patients with PVS encountered within 1 month, and even within 1 week, after LT with acceptable short‐term results. However, possible fatal complications should be kept in mind. Long‐term results of these procedures need further follow‐up.
Excitation of superharmonics by internal modes in non-uniformly stratified fluid
Authors: Sutherland Bruce R.
Published: March 2016

Theory and numerical simulations show that the nonlinear self-interaction of internal modes in non-uniform stratification results in energy being transferred to superharmonic disturbances forced at twice the horizontal wavenumber and frequency of the parent mode. These disturbances are not in themselves a single mode, but a superposition of modes such that the disturbance amplitude is largest where the change in the background buoyancy frequency with depth is largest. Through weakly nonlinear interactions with the parent mode, the disturbances evolve to develop vertical-scale structures that distort and modulate the parent mode. Because pure resonant wave triads do not exist in non-uniformly stratified fluid, parametric subharmonic instability (PSI) is not evident even though noise is superimposed upon the initial state. The results suggest a new mechanism for energy transfer to dissipative scales (from large to small vertical scale and with frequencies larger and smaller than that of the parent mode) through forcing superharmonic rather than subharmonic disturbances.
Tides on Jupiter's moon Ganymede and their relation to its internal structure
Authors: Jara-Orué H.M. , Vermeersen B.L.A.
Published: March 2016

One of the major scientific objectives of ESA's JUICE (JUpiter ICy moons Explorer) mission, which is scheduled for launch in 2022 and planned to arrive at the Jovian system in 2030, is to characterise the internal water ocean and overlying ice shell of Jupiter's largest moon Ganymede. As part of the strategy developed to realise this objective, the tidal response of Ganymede's interior will be constrained by JUICE's measurements of surface displacements (by the Ganymede Laser Altimeter (GALA) instrument) and variations in the gravitational potential (by the 3GM radio science package) due to the acting diurnal tides. Here we calculate the tidal response at the surface of Ganymede for several plausible internal configurations in order to analyse the relation between the tidal response and the geophysical parameters that characterise Ganymede's interior. Similarly to the case of Jupiter's smallest icy satellite Europa, the tidal response of Ganymede in the presence of a subsurface ocean, which could be as large as about 3.5 m in terms of the induced radial deformation, mostly depends on the structural (thickness, density) and rheological (rigidity, viscosity) properties of the ice-I shell. Nevertheless, the dependence of the tidal response on several geophysical parameters of the interior, in particular on the thickness and rigidity of the ice-I shell, does not allow for the unambiguous determination of the shell thickness from tidal measurements alone. Additional constraints could be provided by the measurement of forced longitudinal librations at the surface, as their amplitude is more sensitive to the rigidity than to the thickness of the shell.
NORMAL SUBGROUPS WHOSE CONJUGACY CLASS GRAPH HAS DIAMETER THREE
Authors: BELTRÁN ANTONIO , FELIPE MARÍA JOSÉ , MELCHOR CARMEN
Published: March 2016

Let $G$ be a finite group and let $N$ be a normal subgroup of $G$. We determine the structure of $N$ when the diameter of the graph associated to the $G$-conjugacy classes contained in $N$ is as large as possible, that is, equal to three.
ON THE FIRST EIGENCONE FOR THE FINSLER LAPLACIAN
Authors: XIA QIAOLING
Published: March 2016

In this paper, we characterise the structure of the eigencone for the Finsler Laplacian corresponding to the first Dirichlet eigenvalue on a compact Finsler manifold with a smooth boundary.
SYMMETRY CLASSES OF TENSORS ASSOCIATED TO NONABELIAN GROUPS OF ORDER
Authors: RODTES KIJTI
Published: March 2016

Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of an orthogonal $\ast$-basis of symmetry classes of tensors associated to nonabelian groups of order $pq$ are provided by using vanishing sums of roots of unity.
Heredity, evolution and development in their (epistemic) environment at the turn of the nineteenth century
Authors: Colonna Federica Turriziani
Published: March 2016

During the early 1870s a young zoologist who worked as a Privatdozent delivering lectures at different Prussian universities invested much of his family wealth and solicited his fellows' contributions to establish a research facility by the sea. The young zoologist happened to be called Anton Dohrn. From the time it opened its doors, the Anton Dohrn Zoological Station – or Naples Zoological Station, as it was originally called – played a crucial role in shaping life sciences as it facilitated research aimed at explaining the mechanics of inheritance. During the last quarter of the nineteenth century and the first decades of the twentieth, zoologists attempted to explain how evolutionary changes occur within a population and become stabilized. In so doing, they looked at developmental processes as well as environmental pressure, coming up with different hypotheses to explain inheritance. In some cases, their research was highly speculative, whereas in other cases they conducted cytological observations to identify the material basis of heredity. Research on evolution and development has been carried out in different places, and zoological stations like the one in Naples have played a major role in this story. However, numerous biological institutions active at the turn of the twentieth century have not received much attention from historians.
Finnish -Ariderivatives: A diachronic study of a new word-formation pattern
Authors: Nummila Kirsi-Maria
Published: March 2016

Among the characteristic features of the Finnish language is the use of numerous derivational affixes and diverse word-formation options. Although Finnish has very old derivational elements, fairly recent suffixes and even completely new ways of forming words are also found. It is typical of word-formation options that they change, and that their frequency and popularity varies over time. In this diachronic study, the focus is on one of the most recent suffixes used in the Finnish language, the agentive-Arisuffix (e.g.kaahari‘reckless driver’,kuohari‘gelder of animals’). What makes the-Ariderivatives special is that the type has been adopted on the model of words borrowed from the Germanic languages. Historically these are descended from the Latin derivational element -ārius, which was adopted widely in the European languages. The main purpose of the present study was to find out whether, from a diachronic perspective, the -Ari-derived agent nouns actually represent an independent derived semantic category in Finnish. Another purpose was to characterize the process whereby the-Arisuffix was adopted in Finnish: at what point do these derived forms actually first occur in Finnish, and how has the use of the derivational element been manifested at different times. A final significant task of the study was to clarify the potential reasons and motivations for this morphological borrowing.
Contribution of indigenous foods towards nutrient intakes and nutritional status of women in the Santhal tribal community of Jharkhand, India
Authors: Ghosh-Jerath Suparna , Singh Archna , Magsumbol Melina S , Lyngdoh Tanica , Kamboj Preeti , Goldberg Gail
Published: March 2016

Objective

The indigenous food environment, dietary intake and nutritional status of women in the Santhal tribal community of Jharkhand were assessed. Contribution of indigenous foods to nutritional status and nutrient intakes was explored.

Design

Exploratory cross-sectional study with a longitudinal dietary intake assessment component. Household and dietary surveys were conducted to elicit information on socio-economic and demographic profile and food consumption patterns at household level. A 24 h dietary recall for two consecutive days (repeat surveys in two more seasons) and anthropometric assessments were carried out on one woman per household.

Setting

Households (n 151) with at least one woman of reproductive age in four villages of Godda district of Jharkhand, India.

Subjects

Women aged 15–49 years.

Results

Almost all households owned agricultural land and grew fruits and vegetables in backyards for household consumption. A wide variety of indigenous foods were reported but dietary recalls revealed low intake. Women consumed adequate energy and protein but micronutrient intake was inadequate (less than 66 % of recommended) in the majority (more than 50 %) for Ca, Fe, vitamin B2, folate and vitamin B12. Women consuming indigenous foods in the past 2 d had significantly higher intakes of Ca (P=0·008) and Fe (P=0·010) than those who did not. Varying degrees of underweight were observed in 50 % of women with no significant association between underweight and consumption of indigenous foods.

Conclusions

Promotion of preferential cultivation of nutrient-dense indigenous food sources and effective nutrition education on their importance may facilitate better micronutrient intakes among women in Santhal community of Jharkhand.
FINITE NORMAL 2-GEODESIC TRANSITIVE CAYLEY GRAPHS
Authors: JIN WEI
Published: March 2016

For an odd prime $p$, a $p$-transposition group is a group generated by a set of involutions such that the product of any two has order 2 or $p$. We first classify a family of $(G,2)$-geodesic transitive Cayley graphs ${\rm\Gamma}:=\text{Cay}(T,S)$ where $S$ is a set of involutions and $T:\text{Inn}(T)\leq G\leq T:\text{Aut}(T,S)$. In this case, $T$ is either an elementary abelian 2-group or a $p$-transposition group. Then under the further assumption that $G$ acts quasiprimitively on the vertex set of ${\rm\Gamma}$, we prove that: (1) if ${\rm\Gamma}$ is not $(G,2)$-arc transitive, then this quasiprimitive action is the holomorph affine type; (2) if $T$ is a $p$-transposition group and $S$ is a conjugacy class, then $p=3$ and ${\rm\Gamma}$ is $(G,2)$-arc transitive.
GROUP ALGEBRAS WITH ENGEL UNIT GROUPS
Authors: RAMEZAN-NASSAB M.
Published: March 2016

Let $F$ be a field of characteristic $p\geq 0$ and $G$ any group. In this article, the Engel property of the group of units of the group algebra $FG$ is investigated. We show that if $G$ is locally finite, then ${\mathcal{U}}(FG)$ is an Engel group if and only if $G$ is locally nilpotent and $G^{\prime }$ is a $p$-group. Suppose that the set of nilpotent elements of $FG$ is finite. It is also shown that if $G$ is torsion, then ${\mathcal{U}}(FG)$ is an Engel group if and only if $G^{\prime }$ is a finite $p$-group and $FG$ is Lie Engel, if and only if ${\mathcal{U}}(FG)$ is locally nilpotent. If $G$ is nontorsion but $FG$ is semiprime, we show that the Engel property of ${\mathcal{U}}(FG)$ implies that the set of torsion elements of $G$ forms an abelian normal subgroup of $G$.
No-Cost and Low-Cost Ways to Monitor U.S. Legal Information
Authors: Shea Alison
Published: March 2016

Keeping up-to-date with available resources in the legal information field is often a daunting task; patrons in all sectors continue to demand the most accurate and cost-effective information. Beyond the ever-increasing number of resources that librarians must keep track of in their own jurisdiction, there are an equal number of developments in other jurisdictions which add additional challenges. These new resources, in addition to the unique quirks encountered when researching the law in a different jurisdiction, can make for a challenging task, as Alison Shea explains.
Schielfrüherkennung und Management
Authors: Mojon Daniel
Published: March 2016

Zusammenfassung. Eine Schielfrüherkennung ist wichtig um organische Ursachen auszuschliessen, bei Kindern auch um eine allfällig notwendige Amblyopietherapie einzuleiten damit eine bleibende Sehminderung verhindert werden kann und um eine rasche Rehabilitation einzuleiten, da das fehlende binokulare Sehen, bei Innenschielern das verminderte binokulare Gesichtsfeld und eine allfällige Diplopie eine erhöhte Unfallgefahr nach sich zieht. Folgende Therapiemöglichkeiten bestehen: manchmal reicht eine korrekte Verordnung des bestehenden Refraktionsfehelers, definitive prismatische Korrektur bei stabilen, kleinen Schielwinkeln oder vorübergehende prismatische Korrektur mit sogenannten Press-on Folien bei instabilen oder grösseren Schielwinklen und Schieloperationen, die heute auch minimal-invasiv und meist ambulant durchführbar sind, falls der Schielwinkel meist über mindestens 1 Jahr stabil bleibt.
Glaukom – Früherkennung und Management
Authors: Meier-Gibbons Frances
Published: March 2016

Zusammenfassung. Das Glaukom ist eine progressive Erkrankung des Sehnervs, die zu einer irreversiblen Zerstörung des Sehnervs und damit zur Erblindung des Auges führen kann. Bereits mittelschwere Gesichtsfeldeinschränkungen können zu einer deutlichen Einschränkung der Lebensqualität führen, unter anderem auch wegen des Verlustes der Autofahrfähigkeit. Das Glaukom kann bei rechtzeitiger Erkennung therapiert und die klinischen Symptome können dadurch reduziert werden. Wichtig ist die frühzeitige Erkennung der Erkrankung, die nur durch den Augenarzt erfolgen kann, da eine Gesamtbeurteilung des Patienten notwendig ist. Bei einer nachfolgenden Therapie sind die gute Information des Patienten und die Zusammenarbeit mit dem Hausarzt essentiell.
Gliome – was ich wissen muss in zehn Fragen
Authors: Gulden-Sala Wiebke , Roth Patrick , Brown Michelle , Andratschke Nicolaus , Weller Michael , Stupp Roger
Published: March 2016

Zusammenfassung. Gliome sind die häufigsten hirneigenen Tumoren und können sich mit einer Reihe von unspezifischen neurologischen und Allgemeinsymptomen manifestieren. Der Goldstandard in der Diagnostik ist die zerebrale Magnetresonanztomografie, welche durch eine histologische Diagnosesicherung ergänzt werden muss. Zur symptomatischen Therapie kommen bei neurologischen Ausfällen und/oder Hirndrucksymptomatik Steroide, insbesondere Dexamethason und bei epileptischen Anfällen Antiepileptika zum Einsatz. Die Steroide sollten ausgeschlichen werden, sobald es klinisch vertretbar ist. Bei den Antiepileptika sind nicht-enzyminduzierende Medikamente zu bevorzugen. Bei Gliomen besteht ein hohes thrombembolisches Risiko. Nach einer Thrombose ist eine therapeutische Antikoagulation indiziert. Als tumorspezifische Therapie kommen die chirurgische Therapie, die Strahlentherapie und die systemische Therapie zum Einsatz. Bezüglich der Prognose und Therapieauswahl spielen molekulare Marker eine immer wichtigere Rolle in der onkologischen Praxis.
Folgenschwere Kopfschmerzen
Authors: Grünig Beat , Rothen Madeleine , Laube Marcus
Published: March 2016

Zusammenfassung. Ein Patient mit Fieber, Kopfschmerzen und leichten neurologischen Symptomen entwickelte im kurzzeitigen Verlauf ein Koma und in der Folge schwere Paresen. Als Ursache liess sich eine Frühsommer-Meningoenzephalitis nachweisen. Die Krankheit erforderte eine intensivmedizinische Behandlung über zwei Monate und eine spezialisierte Rehabilitation über weitere sieben Monate. Der Patient war nicht geimpft, obwohl er die Kriterien der Impfempfehlung erfüllte, da er sich zeitweise in Risikogebieten aufhielt.
Uncertainty Evaluations Improve Biogeochemical Simulations
Authors: Cook Terri
Published: March 2016

Results from the first decade-long reanalysis simulation of northwest European shelf biogeochemistry show the importance of quantifying the uncertainty in these indicators to inform marine policy.
Self-Organizing Maps-based ocean currents forecasting system
Authors: Vilibić Ivica , Šepić Jadranka , Mihanović Hrvoje , Kalinić Hrvoje , Cosoli Simone , Janeković Ivica , Žagar Nedjeljka , Jesenko Blaž , Tudor Martina , Dadić Vlado , Ivanković Damir
Published: March 2016

An ocean surface currents forecasting system, based on a Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) neural network algorithm, high-frequency (HF) ocean radar measurements and numerical weather prediction (NWP) products, has been developed for a coastal area of the northern Adriatic and compared with operational ROMS-derived surface currents. The two systems differ significantly in architecture and algorithms, being based on either unsupervised learning techniques or ocean physics. To compare performance of the two methods, their forecasting skills were tested on independent datasets. The SOM-based forecasting system has a slightly better forecasting skill, especially during strong wind conditions, with potential for further improvement when data sets of higher quality and longer duration are used for training.
Phonon Transport at Crystalline Si/Ge Interfaces: The Role of Interfacial Modes of Vibration
Authors: Gordiz Kiarash , Henry Asegun
Published: March 2016

We studied the modal contributions to heat conduction at crystalline Si and crystalline Ge interfaces and found that more than 15% of the interface conductance arises from less than 0.1% of the modes in the structure. Using the recently developed interface conductance modal analysis (ICMA) method along with a new complimentary methodology, we mapped the correlations between modes, which revealed that a small group of interfacial modes, which exist between 12–13 THz, exhibit extremely strong correlation with other modes in the system. It is found that these interfacial modes (e.g., modes with large eigen vectors for interfacial atoms) are enabled by the degree of anharmonicity near the interface, which is higher than in the bulk and therefore allows this small group of modes to couple to all others. The analysis sheds light on the nature of localized vibrations at interfaces and can be enlightening for other investigations of localization.
Improved Production of Active Streptomyces griseus Trypsin with a Novel Auto-Catalyzed Strategy
Authors: Zhang Yunfeng , Ling Zhenmin , Du Guocheng , Chen Jian , Kang Zhen
Published: March 2016

N-terminal sequences play crucial roles in regulating expression, translation, activation and enzymatic properties of proteins. To reduce cell toxicity of intracellular trypsin and increase secretory expression, we developed a novel auto-catalyzed strategy to produce recombinant trypsin by engineering the N-terminus of mature Streptomyces griseus trypsin (SGT). The engineered N-terminal peptide of SGT was composed of the thioredoxin, glycine-serine linker, His6-tag and the partial bovine trypsinogen pro-peptide (DDDDK). Furthermore, we constructed a variant TLEI with insertion of the artificial peptide at N-terminus and site-directed mutagenesis of the autolysis residue R145. In fed-batch fermentation, the production of extracellular trypsin activity was significantly improved to 47.4 ± 1.2 U·ml−1 (amidase activity, 8532 ± 142.2 U·ml−1 BAEE activity) with a productivity of 0.49 U·ml−1·h−1, which was 329% greater than that of parent strain Pichia pastoris GS115-SGT. This work has significant potential to be scaled-up for microbial production of SGT. In addition, the N-terminal peptide engineering strategy can be extended to improve heterologous expression of other toxic enzymes.
Comparison of fitness traits and their plasticity on multiple plants for Sitobion avenae infected and cured of a secondary endosymbiont
Authors: Da Wang  , Shi Xiaoqin , Dai Peng , Liu Deguang , Dai Xinjia , Shang Zheming , Ge Zhaohong , Meng Xiuxiang
Published: March 2016

Regiella insecticola has been found to enhance the performance of host aphids on certain plants, but its functional role in adaptation of host aphids to plants is still controversial. Here we evaluate the impacts of R. insecticola infections on vital life-history traits of Sitobion avenae (Fabricius), and their underlying genetic variation and phenotypic plasticity on three plants. It was shown that effects of R. insecticola on S. avenae’s fitness (i.e., developmental time and fecundity) were neutral on oat or wheat, but negative on rye. Infections of R. insecticola modified genetic variation that underlies S. avenae’s life-history traits. This was demonstrated by comparing life-history trait heritabilities between aphid lines with and without R. insecticola. Moreover, there were enhanced negative genetic correlations between developmental time and fecundity for R. insecticola infected lines, and structural differences in G-matrices of life-history traits for the two types of aphid lines. In R. insecticola-infected aphid lines, there were increases in plasticities for developmental times of first and second instar nymphs and for fecundity, showing novel functional roles of bacterial symbionts in plant-insect interactions. The identified effects of R. insecticola infections could have significant implications for the ecology and evolution of its host populations in natural conditions.
C9orf72 ablation causes immune dysregulation characterized by leukocyte expansion, autoantibody production and glomerulonephropathy in mice
Authors: Atanasio Amanda , Decman Vilma , White Derek , Ramos Meg , Ikiz Burcin , Lee Hoi-Ching , Siao Chia-Jen , Brydges Susannah , LaRosa Elizabeth , Bai Yu , Fury Wen , Burfeind Patricia , Zamfirova Ralica , Warshaw Gregg , Orengo Jamie , Oyejide Adelekan , Fralish Michael , Auerbach Wojtek , Poueymirou William , Freudenberg Jan , Gong Guochun , Zambrowicz Brian , Valenzuela David , Yancopoulos George , Murphy Andrew , Thurston Gavin , Lai Ka-Man Venus
Published: March 2016

The expansion of a hexanucleotide (GGGGCC) repeat inC9ORF72is the most common cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Both the function of C9ORF72 and the mechanism by which the repeat expansion drives neuropathology are unknown. To examine whether C9ORF72 haploinsufficiency induces neurological disease, we created a C9orf72-deficient mouse line. Null mice developed a robust immune phenotype characterized by myeloid expansion, T cell activation and increased plasma cells. Mice also presented with elevated autoantibodies and evidence of immune-mediated glomerulonephropathy. Collectively, our data suggest that C9orf72 regulates immune homeostasis and an autoimmune response reminiscent of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) occurs in its absence. We further imply that haploinsufficiency is unlikely to be the causative factor in C9ALS/FTD pathology.
P2X7 Receptor Suppression Preserves Blood-Brain Barrier through Inhibiting RhoA Activation after Experimental Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Rats
Authors: Zhao Hengli , Zhang Xuan , Dai Zhiqiang , Feng Yang , Li Qiang , Zhang John H. , Liu Xin , Chen Yujie , Feng Hua
Published: March 2016

Blockading P2X7 receptor(P2X7R) provides neuroprotection toward various neurological disorders, including stroke, traumatic brain injury and subarachnoid hemorrhage. However, whether and how P2X7 receptor suppression protects blood-brain barrier(BBB) after intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH) remains unexplored. In present study, intrastriatal autologous-blood injection was used to mimic ICH in rats. Selective P2X7R inhibitor A438079, P2X7R agonist BzATP and P2X7R siRNA were administrated to evaluate the effects of P2X7R suppression. Selective RhoA inhibitor C3 transferase was administered to clarify the involvement of RhoA. Post-assessments, including neurological deficits, Fluoro-Jade C staining, brain edema, Evans blue extravasation and fluorescence, western blot, RhoA activity assay and immunohistochemistry were performed. Then the key results were verified in collagenase induced ICH model. We found that endogenous P2X7R increased at 3 hrs after ICH with peak at 24 hrs, then returned to normal at 72 hrs after ICH. Enhanced immunoreactivity was observed on the neurovascular structure around hematoma at 24 hrs after ICH, along with perivascular astrocytes and endothelial cells. Both A438079 and P2X7R siRNA alleviated neurological deficits, brain edema and BBB disruption after ICH, in association with RhoA activation and down-regulated endothelial junction proteins. However, BzATP abolished those effects. In addition, C3 transferase reduced brain injury and increased endothelial junction proteins’ expression after ICH. These data indicated P2X7R suppression could preserve BBB integrity after ICH through inhibiting RhoA activation.
Realization of magnetostructural coupling by modifying structural transitions in MnNiSi-CoNiGe system with a wide Curie-temperature window
Authors: Liu Jun , Gong Yuanyuan , Xu Guizhou , Peng Guo , Shah Ishfaq Ahmad , ul Hassan Najam , Xu Feng
Published: March 2016

The magnetostructural coupling between structural and magnetic transitions leads to magneto-multifunctionalities of phase-transition alloys. Due to the increasing demands of multifunctional applications, to search for the new materials with tunable magnetostructural transformations in a large operating temperature range is important. In this work, we demonstrate that by chemically alloying MnNiSi with CoNiGe, the structural transformation temperature of MnNiSi (1200 K) is remarkably decreased by almost 1000 K. A tunable magnetostructural transformation between the paramagnetic hexagonal and ferromagnetic orthorhombic phase over a wide temperature window from 425 to 125 K is realized in (MnNiSi)1−x(CoNiGe)x system. The magnetic-field-induced magnetostructural transformation is accompanied by the high-performance magnetocaloric effect, proving that MnNiSi-CoNiGe system is a promising candidate for magnetic cooling refrigerant.
Similarities and differences between molecular order in the nematic and twist-bend nematic phases of a symmetric liquid crystal dimer
Authors: Emsley J. W. , Lelli M. , Joy H. , Tamba M.-G. , Mehl G. H.
Published: March 2016

Carbon-13 chemical shift anisotropies reveal an unusual temperature dependence of the order parameters, Szz, for the difluoroterphenyl groups in the normal nematic, N and the twist-bend nematic, NTB, phases.
Vanadyl complexes with dansyl-labelled di-picolinic acid ligands: synthesis, phosphatase inhibition activity and cellular uptake studies
Authors: Collins Juliet , Cilibrizzi Agostino , Fedorova Marina , Whyte Gillian , Mak Lok Hang , Guterman Inna , Leatherbarrow Robin , Woscholski Rudiger , Vilar Ramon
Published: March 2016

Two new vanadyl complexes with a fluorescent label are reported. We show that these complexes inhibit selected phosphatases and are cell permeable.
Synthesis of arylphosphonates catalyzed by Pd-imino-Py-γ-Fe2O3as a new magnetically recyclable heterogeneous catalyst in pure water without requiring any additive
Authors: Sobhani Sara , Ramezani Zohreh
Published: March 2016

Arylphosphonates were synthesized in the presence of Pd-imino-Py-γ-Fe2O3in pure water without using any additive.
Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking studies of novel 1-(4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)ethanone-containing 1-methylindol derivatives as potential tubulin assembling inhibitors
Authors: Yang Meng-Ru , Qin Ya-Juan , Chen Chen , Zhang Ya-Liang , Li Bo-Yan , Liu Tian-Bao , Gong Hai-Bin , Wang Bao-Zhong , Zhu Hai-Liang
Published: March 2016

A series of novel compounds (6a–6v) containing 1-methylindol and 1-(4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)ethanone skeleton were designed, synthesized and evaluated as potential anticancer agents.
Facile creation of FRET systems from a pH-responsive AIE fluorescent vesicle
Authors: Wang Xing , Yang Yanyu , Zuo Yunfei , Yang Fei , Shen Hong , Wu Decheng
Published: March 2016

We demonstrate a facile approach to constructing aggregation induced emission (AIE) fluorescent vesicles for creation of FRET systems.
Ultrafast excited state dynamics of iridium(iii) complexes and their changes upon immobilisation onto titanium dioxide layers
Authors: Tschierlei Stefanie , Neubauer Antje , Rockstroh Nils , Karnahl Michael , Schwarzbach Patrick , Junge Henrik , Beller Matthias , Lochbrunner Stefan
Published: March 2016

The unprecedented polarisation dependent excited state dynamics of iridium photosensitisers: new features of a well-known dye family.
Fission of multiply charged alkali clusters in helium droplets – approaching the Rayleigh limit
Authors: Renzler Michael , Harnisch Martina , Daxner Matthias , Kranabetter Lorenz , Kuhn Martin , Scheier Paul , Echt Olof
Published: March 2016

Electron ionization of helium droplets doped with sodium, potassium or cesium results in doubly and triply charged cluster ions that are much smaller than previously observed.
In situ electrodeposition of a Cu2O/SnO2 periodical heterostructure film for photosensor applications
Authors: Cui Guangliang , Xiao Chuanhai , Zhang Pinhua , Zhang Mingzhe
Published: March 2016

A quasi-2D Cu2O/SnO2 heterostructure nanofilm designed as a tunneling modulation system was fabricated by a quasi-2D electrodeposition process for photosensitivity.
The role of the confined water in the dynamic crossover of hydrated lysozyme powders
Authors: Kurzweil-Segev Y. , Greenbaum (Gutina) A. , Popov I. , Golodnitsky D. , Feldman Yu.
Published: March 2016

This work presents combined dielectric and calorimetric measurements of hydrated lysozyme powders with different levels of hydration in a broad temperature interval.
Glycerol hydro-deoxygenation aided by in situ H2 generation via methanol aqueous phase reforming over a Cu–ZnO–Al2O3 catalyst
Authors: Yfanti V.-L. , Vasiliadou E. S. , Lemonidou A. A.
Published: March 2016

Methanol APR–glycerol HDO reactions were successfully coupled to produce 1,2-propanediol at high yields over an efficient CuZnAl catalyst.
Evidence for 5d-σ and 5d-π covalency in lanthanide sesquioxides from oxygen K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Altman Alison B. , Pacold Joseph I. , Wang Jian , Lukens Wayne W. , Minasian Stefan G.
Published: March 2016

The electronic structure in the complete series of stable lanthanide sesquioxides, Ln2O3 (Ln = La to Lu, except radioactive Pm), has been evaluated using oxygen K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy with a scanning transmission X-ray microscope (STXM).
Electrochemical and chemical routes to hydride loss from an iridium dihydride
Authors: Walden A. G. , Kumar A. , Lease N. , Goldman A. S. , Miller A. J. M.
Published: March 2016

Net hydride abstraction of a pincer-ligated iridium dihydride was accomplished by electrochemical oxidation (as H+/2e−) and chemical hydride transfer (as H−).
Gyroscope like molecules consisting of trigonal or square planar osmium rotators within three-spoked dibridgehead diphosphine stators: syntheses, substitution reactions, structures, and dynamic properties
Authors: Fiedler Tobias , Bhuvanesh Nattamai , Hampel Frank , Reibenspies Joseph H. , Gladysz John A.
Published: March 2016

The OsLymoieties of the title complexes undergo rapid rotation within the diphosphine cages when L is restricted to Cl, Br, CO, H, and Me.
Thermodynamic origin of α-helix stabilization by side-chain cross-links in a small protein
Authors: Haney Conor M. , Werner Halina M. , McKay James J. , Horne W. Seth
Published: March 2016

Side-chain cyclization has a consistent effect on protein folding energetics, and the identity of the cross-linking moiety determines the magnitude of stabilization.
Interpenetrating poly(urethane-urea)–polydimethylsiloxane networks designed as active elements in electromechanical transducers
Authors: Tugui C. , Vlad S. , Iacob M. , Varganici C. D. , Pricop L. , Cazacu M.
Published: March 2016

Original interpenetrating polymer networks suitable for active dielectric elements in actuation devices were prepared by using a dual compatibilization pathway.
Flexible hybrid carbon nanotube sponges embedded with SnS2 from tubular nanosheaths to nanosheets as free-standing anodes for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Ma Zhimin , Wang Yunsong , Yang Yanbing , Yousaf Muhammad , Zou Mingchu , Cao Anyuan , Han Ray P. S.
Published: March 2016

Flexible CNT@SnS2 sponges with controllable mass ratios and various morphologies of loaded SnS2 from tubular nanosheaths to nanosheets have been fabricated and can be used as free-standing and binder-free electrodes applied in lithium-ion batteries.
In situ and ex situ NO oxidation assisted by sub-microsecond pulsed multi-pin-to-plane corona discharge: the effect of pin density
Authors: Sivachandiran L. , Khacef A.
Published: March 2016

Pin-to-plane corona reactor for NO to NO2 conversion at ambient conditions.
Structure and properties of the poly(vinyl alcohol-co-ethylene)/montmorillonite-phosphorylated soybean protein isolate barrier film
Authors: Wang Hualin , Zhang Heng , Niu Baicheng , Jiang Suwei , Cheng Junfeng , Jiang Shaotong
Published: March 2016

The present work developed a novel poly(vinyl alcohol-co-ethylene)/montmorillonite-phosphorylated soybean isolate protein (EVOH/MMT–PSPI) nanocomposite barrier filmviaa two-step mixing process and solution casting, and estimated its properties for food packaging.
Br2-Catalyzed regioselective dehydrative coupling of indoles with acyloins: direct synthesis of α-(3-indolyl) ketones
Authors: Liang Deqiang , Li Xiangguang , Li Yanni , Yang Yungang , Gao Shulin , Cheng Ping
Published: March 2016

An efficient Br2-catalyzed synthesis of α-(3-indolyl) ketones via dehydrative coupling of simple indoles with acyloins is presented.
Aminosilane decorated carbon template-induced in situ encapsulation of multiple-Ag-cores inside mesoporous hollow silica
Authors: Yang Fu , Long Saifu , Zhou Shijian , Li Xiaoming , Liu Xianfeng , Gao Shuying , Kong Yan
Published: March 2016

A cores@shell structure of microreactor with a well-dispersed active phase of multiple free-Ag-cores, hollow cavity and protective mesoporous shell was prepared by a simple and novel construction approach.
Method for voltage sag source location based on the internal resistance sign in a single‐port network
Authors: Yi Tang , Jie Hou , Hao Liu , Lei Wen
Published: March 2016

Locating the voltage sag source is to determine on which side of a monitoring device the voltage sag originates. By analysing power network faults, observing from fault points to monitoring devices, power network at both sides of the device can be equivalent to two single‐port networks. Based on the polarity of real part of internal impedance in these two single‐port networks, the voltage sag source location can be identified accurately. If the real part of internal impedance is positive, the voltage sag source location is consistent with the reference direction, i.e. downstream. If the real part of internal impedance is negative, the voltage sag source location is opposite to the reference direction, i.e. upstream. The calculation of the real part of internal impedance is presented. The method proposed in this study has a solid theoretical basis. Simulation results show the method can locate voltage sag source with an accuracy of 100%, in power networks with various topologies (e.g. radial power system fed from one‐source or multiple‐source, interconnected power system, ring type network etc.), and the network adopted neutral grounded effectively or ineffectively. It is a practical method with high reliability for voltage sag source location.
Application of modular multilevel converter in medium voltage high power permanent magnet synchronous generator wind energy conversion systems
Authors: Wang Mian , Hu Yaowei , Zhao Wenjian , Wang Yue , Chen Guozhu
Published: March 2016

Traditional low voltage high power wind energy conversion system (WECS) requires heavy cables and large step‐up grid interfacing transformers. In recent years, power rating of offshore wind turbines already exceeds 10 MW, and medium voltage (MV) converters have become strongly demanded. Modular multilevel converter (MMC) is suitable for MV high power applications. However, there are two technical difficulties for MMC when applied in MV permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) WECS. The first one is the large sub module (SM) voltage fluctuation caused by low frequency and high amplitude PMSG phase current. The other one is the low voltage ride through (LVRT) problem. Overall control strategy based on carrier‐phase‐shifted ‐sinusoidal pulse width modulation technique of the MMC WECS is proposed. For the first difficulty mentioned, a second‐order circulating current injection method based on closed‐loop control is proposed. For the LVRT problem, a distributed braking chopper solution is provided. The effectiveness of the injection method and the distributed braking chopper solution are validated by simulation of a 5 MW/3.3 kV MMC WECS. Influences of the current injection amplitude on SM voltages and arm currents are discussed and a trade‐off method is given to optimise system design, which is also verified by simulation.
HIV post-test practices: an online survey examining perceived delivery of HIV test results, post-test discussion and referral in healthcare settings across the WHO European Region
Authors: Bell Stephen , Casabona Jordi , Tsereteli Nino , Raben Dorthe , de Wit John
Published: March 2016

Background
The aim of this study was to assess perceptions of health professionals involved in HIV testing policy and practice in national settings across the WHO European Region regarding the delivery of HIV test results, post-test discussion and referral to specialist HIV services as recommended in authoritative guidelines. Methods: An online self-report survey was completed by a convenience sample of 338 respondents (response rate 34.1%) from 55 countries. Respondents worked with non-government organisations (49.4%), health services (32.8%), non-health service government agencies (6.2%) or other organisations (11.5%; e.g. prisons, education and research, international development). Results: Experts’ perceptions indicate that delivery of HIV-positive test results and related post-test discussion in their country generally corresponded to recommendations. However, results pointed to a significant gap perceived by experts between recommendations and the practice of delivering HIV-negative test results. Fewer respondents thought that suitable time is taken to deliver a negative HIV-test result (54.1%) than a positive result (73.1%). Also, fewer respondents thought there was a procedure for referral to specialist treatment, care and support services for people receiving a HIV-negative test result (34.9%) than for people receiving an HIV-positive test result (86.2%). Experts also reported low perceived use of communication technologies (i.e. telephone, email, text messaging, a secure website) for delivering HIV test results. Conclusions: This expert survey offers new insight into perceived HIV post-test practices in almost all national settings across the WHO European Region. The findings provide valuable guidance for future HIV testing guidelines for the WHO European Region.
Exploring the surfaceome of Ewing sarcoma identifies a new and unique therapeutic target
Authors: Town Jennifer , Pais Helio , Harrison Sally , Stead Lucy F. , Bataille Carole , Bunjobpol Wilawan , Zhang Jing , Rabbitts Terence H.
Published: March 2016

Significance

By investigating cell surface proteins of Ewing sarcoma we have identified an antigen that is uniquely expressed on these tumor cells compared with mesenchymal stem cells. This protein acts as a target for antibody drug conjugates that are internalized and can kill these tumor cells, presaging translating to clinical use in treating Ewing sarcoma, especially metastatic disease.
Competitive interactions between two fishing fleets in the North Sea
Authors: Sys Klaas , Poos Jan Jaap , Van Meensel Jef , Polet Hans , Buysse Jeroen
Published: March 2016

We examine whether the landing rates of Belgian beam trawlers in the Southern Bight of the North Sea were affected through competitive interactions with the Dutch beam trawler fleet and whether the development of a pulse trawler fleet has altered competitive interactions between both fleets. Effects of competition were investigated through a natural experiment based on the different weekly exploitation patterns of both fleets. Logbook data were used to fit a generalized additive mixed model for the daily landing rates of the target species sole (Solea solea) and plaice (Pleuronectes platessa). Results showed that landing rates of sole by the Belgian beam trawlers (>221 kW) from 2006 to 2013 were lower during weekdays than during weekends when the Dutch trawler fleet is in harbour, while no such an effect was found for plaice. After the development of a pulse trawler fleet in 2011, the negative weekday effect in the sole landing rates was much more pronounced in 2012 and 2013. This increased loss of efficiency during weekdays, as a result of increased competition with the Dutch trawler fleet, coincided with a reallocation of fishing effort by the Belgian beam trawler fleet.
Spiritual Exercises, Improvisation, and Moral Perfectionism
Authors: Davidson Arnold
Published: March 2016

Abstract: Beginning with Pierre Hadot’s idea of spiritual exercises and Stanley Cavell’s conception of moral perfectionism, this essay argues that improvisation can be understood as a practice of spiritual self-transformation. Focusing on the example of Sonny Rollins, the essay investigates the ways in which Rollins’ improvisations embody a series of philosophical concepts and practices: the care of the self, the Stoic exercise of cosmic consciousness, the problem of moral exemplarity, the ideas, found in the later Foucault, of a limit attitude and an experimental attitude, and so on. The underlying claim of the essay is that improvisation is not only an aesthetic exercise, but also a social and ethical practice that can give rise to existential transformations.
The Metaphysics of Self in Praśastapāda’s Differential Naturalism
Authors: Sinha Shalini
Published: March 2016

In A Compendium of the Characteristics of Categories (Padārthadharmasaṃgraha) the classical Vaiśeṣika philosopher Praśastapāda (6th century ce) presents an innovative metaphysics of the self. This article examines the defining metaphysical and axiological features of this conception of self and the dualist categorial schema in which it is located. It shows how this idea of the self, as a reflexive and ethical being, grounds a multinaturalist view of natural order and offers a conception of agency that claims to account for all the reflexive features of human mental and bodily life. Finally, it discusses the ends of self’s reflexivity and of human life as a return to the true self. It argues that at the heart of Praśastapāda’s metaphysics of self is the idea that ethics is metaphysics, and that epistemic practice is ethical practice.
Animal Personality
Authors: Weiss Alexander , Gartner Marieke
Published: March 2016

Animal personality has been studied for decades, and a recent renaissance in the field has revealed links to health and life outcomes that echo those found in humans. Some of this research is tied to the Five Factor Model—the predominant model of human personality—which informs animal personality research as well, and allows for comparative work that points to evolutionary pathways that delineate phylogenetic continuity. From personality facets and traits to factors, this work has implications for human and nonhuman animal genetics, life history strategies, survival, and well-being, as well as development and social relationships. Working together, scientists from a variety of fields who study personality can hope to puzzle out causality, use personality as a tool for health, and simply define personality, across species, and therefore evolutionary time.
Clinical Utility of the Five Factor Model
Authors: Mullins-Sweatt Stephanie , Samuel Douglas B. , Helle Ashley
Published: March 2016

The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the clinical utility of the Five Factor Model (FFM). This chapter will consider the clinical application of the FFM for treatment in general, but its primary focus will be on the clinical utility of an FFM of personality disorders. Discussed herein will be the three fundamental components of clinical utility: ease of usage, communication, and treatment planning. Empirical research concerning the clinical utility of the FFM also will be considered in terms of the three components. Finally, research and examination of clincians’ perspectives of the utilty of categorical and dimensional models of personality will be discussed.