bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of test-retest reliability and internal consistency of the Wisconsin Gait Scale in hemiparetic post-stroke patients
Authors: Guzik Agnieszka , Drużbicki Mariusz , Przysada Grzegorz , Kwolek Andrzej , Brzozowska-Magoń Agnieszka , Wyszyńska Justyna , Podgórska-Bednarz Justyna
Published: April 2017

Introduction: A proper assessment of gait pattern is a significant aspect in planning the process of teaching gait in hemiparetic post-stroke patients. The Wisconsin Gait Scale (WGS) is an observational tool for assessing post-stroke patients’ gait. The aim of the study was to assess test-retest reliability and internal consistency of the WGS and examine correlations between gait assessment made with the WGS and gait speed, Brunnström scale, Ashworth’s scale and the Barthel Index.

Material and methods: The research included 36 post-stroke patients. The patients’ gait was assessed with the use of the Wisconsin Gait Scale, gait speed with the use of walk test, the level of motor control in a paretic lower limb – according to Brunnström recovery stages, muscle tone in a paretic lower limb – according to modified Ashworth’s scale and functional independence was assessed using the Barthel Index. Gait was assessed with the use of the WGS twice, with a 7-day interval, by three experienced physiotherapists.

Results: The analysis of internal consistency of the WGS revealed that the Cronbach’s α coefficient was high in the case of all the three raters and ranged from 0.85 to 0.88. It was noted that the coefficient of variation for all the comparisons was below 10%. When assessing the repeatability of the results, it was revealed that correlations between both measurements made by particular raters were very strong and highly significant. The WGS results significantly correlated with Brunnström scale, Ashworth’s scale and gait speed.

Conclusions: It was concluded that the WGS has a high internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Also, significant correlations were found between gait assessment made with the use of the WGS and gait speed, level of motor control and muscle tone of a paretic lower limb. The WGS constitutes a promising tool for a qualitative, observational analysis of gait in post-stroke patients and allows for proper planning, monitoring and assessing rehabilitation results.
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis: an important target associated with antidepressant effects of exercise
Authors: Sun Lina , Sun Qingshan , Qi Jinshun
Published: April 2017

Depression is a prevalent devastating mental disorder that affects the normal life of patients and brings a heavy burden to whole society. Although many efforts have been made to attenuate depressive/anxiety symptoms, the current clinic antidepressants have limited effects. Scientists have long been making attempts to find some new strategies that can be applied as the alternative antidepressant therapy. Exercise, a widely recognized healthy lifestyle, has been suggested as a therapy that can relieve psychiatric stress. However, how exercise improves the brain functions and reaches the antidepressant target needs systematic summarization due to the complexity and heterogeneous feature of depression. Brain plasticity, especially adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus, is an important neurophysiology to facilitate animals for neurogenesis can occur in not only humans. Many studies indicated that an appropriate level of exercise can promote neurogenesis in the adult brains. In this article, we provide information about the antidepressant effects of exercise and its implications in adult neurogenesis. From the neurogenesis perspective, we summarize evidence about the effects of exercise in enhancing neurogenesis in the hippocampus through regulating growth factors, neurotrophins, neurotransmitters and metabolism as well as inflammations. Taken together, a large number of published works indicate the multiple benefits of exercise in the brain functions of animals, particularly brain plasticity like neurogenesis and synaptogenesis. Therefore, a new treatment method for depression therapy can be developed by regulating the exercise activity.
Vasa Pelagić: Anatoly on the West
Authors: Živanović Nenad , Pavlović Petar , Pantelić-Babić Kristina
Published: April 2017

Serbian nation, especially from the time it "opened its orthodox eyes", had famous people who wrote out its history. One of them, who along with others embed his whole life in prosperity of Serbian people, was Vasa Pelagić. Born in troubled times of 19th century, he upgraded his high school and seminary knowledge abroad. But, the same as all those before and after him, he came back to Serbian nation, and he shared all of his gained knowledge with his people. In Moscow, where he spent two years, he attended lectures from: Russian literature, history, medicine and political economy. All this he implemented in his (not only) written work. Educator, humanist, visionary, writer, and with one word - man who feels the pain of all Serbian wounds, Vasa Pelagić addressed significant attention also to our profession. With his work and care for proper development of young people (and by that not only physical development), he set the basis for its further growth. As equally useful he recommended both natural national gymnastics (work in garden, field), as also artificial gymnastics (different kind of physical exercise), and always asserted that gymnastics must be first among school subjects. His ideas, which we can perceive primarily in theories of biocentrism and ethnocentrism, possess a kind of his theoanthropocentric signet. By this signet he highlighted the fact that every human is a personality - one, unique and unrepeatable.
Appearance of the Olympic idea in civil gymnastic and other sporting societies and clubs in Serbia
Authors: Mijatović Slađana , Šiljak Violeta , Vukašinović Vladan
Published: April 2017

The idea of revival of the Olympic Games appeared much before its realization, but creation of the possibilities to reintroduce the Games was closely related to development of modern sport.The first mentioning and proposals originated from the works of the Humanists in 15thand 16thcentury, and in the thirties of the 19thcentury some practical attempts were made for their revival. The aim of the paper was to determine the time when the first ideas on Olympism appeared in Serbia in civil gymnastic and other sporting societies and clubs.Historical method was used in the paper. For a long period Serbia was cherishing and developing traditional forms of competitions and tournaments but organized forms of physical exercises of citizens appeared only in the mid-19th century when the first private schools for physical exercises were established in many towns of the Principality of Serbia. Therefore, these private schools and the civil gymnastic societies were places where modern sport and the Olympic ideal were gladly accepted and further developed.Thus, it is understandable why, at the time of realization of the idea on revival of Ancient Olympic Games, those societies and clubs used the expression: Olympic competitions for their sporting events, besides they already used names: popular festivals or chivalry competitive plays. In the mid-19th century the Olympic idea took roots also in the Principality and later in the Kingdom of Serbia. Namely, before the revival of the Olympic Games in Athens and before the term "Olympic" became more significant in reporting from sporting events, the competitions in Serbia had been announced as "Olympic festivities" although they were not directly linked to the aforementioned Games in Greece.
Cultural Turn und NS-Geschichte
Authors: Hürter Johannes , Raithel Thomas , Zarusky Jürgen
Published: April 2017

With the “Contemporary History Podium”, the Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte introduces a new format for discourse. It is designed to host discussions on fundamental questions of contemporary historiography from multiple points of view. The first Podium is dedicated to the topic “Research into the Nazi Era and the Cultural Turn”. Four recognised experts from three countries, namely Frank Bajohr (Head of the Center for Holocaust Studies at the Institute for Contemporary History Munich - Berlin), Neil Gregor (Professor of Modern European History, University of Southampton), Johann Chapoutot (Professor of German History at the Université Paris-Sorbonne - Paris IV) and Stefan Hördler (Director of the Mittelbau-Dora Concentration Camp Memorial Site) analyse the influence of one of the most important and diverse methodological trends in the humanities on a core area of contemporary history, research into the Nazi era. The debate focuses on the question which new horizons of understanding, but also which limitations culturalism offers in a research field, in which terror, war, and mass murder are of central importance. The debate will be continued with a discussion event at the Institute for Contemporary History in Munich and at the VfZ-Forum of the journal’s homepage.
Quantum Shielding Effects on the Eikonal Collision Cross Section in Strongly Coupled Two-temperature Plasmas
Authors: Lee Myoung-Jae , Jung Young-Dae
Published: April 2017

The influence of nonisothermal and quantum shielding on the electron-ion collision process is investigated in strongly coupled two-temperature plasmas. The eikonal method is employed to obtain the eikonal scattering phase shift and eikonal cross section as functions of the impact parameter, collision energy, electron temperature, ion temperature, Debye length, and de Broglie wavelength. The results show that the quantum effect suppresses the eikonal scattering phase shift for the electron-ion collision in two-temperature dense plasmas. It is also found that the differential eikonal cross section decreases for small impact parameters. However, it increases for large impact parameters with increasing de Broglie wavelength. It is also found that the maximum position of the differential eikonal cross section is receded from the collision center with an increase in the nonisothermal character of the plasma. In addition, it is found that the total eikonal cross sections in isothermal plasmas are always greater than those in two-temperature plasmas. The variations of the eikonal cross section due to the two-temperature and quantum shielding effects are also discussed.
Design, Synthesis and Characterization of Hydrogen Bonded Binary Liquid Crystal Complex from 4-Methoxycinnamic Acid and 4-Hexyloxybenzoic Acid (4MCA:6OBA)
Authors: Kumar Thamilarasan Ranjeeth , Sundaram Sankaran , Chitravel Thangaiyan , Jayaprakasam Ramasamy , Vijayakumar Vellalapalayam Nallagounder
Published: April 2017

Hydrogen bonded liquid crystal (HBLC) binary mixture has been synthesized from mesogenic 4-methoxycinnamic acid (4MCA) and mesogenic 4-hexyloxybenzoic acid (6OBA) with different mole ratio. The mesomorphic phase behavior and corresponding phase transition temperatures along with the enthalpy values were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The characteristic textures of 4MCA+6OBA binary mixture were observed by using polarizing optical microscope (POM). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic (FT-IR) studies confirm the formation of hydrogen bond in the present binary mixture. A note worthy observation in this complex is that pure mesogens have no smectic phase where as 4MCA+6OBA binary mixture exhibits a nematic phase along with higher order smectic C (Sm C) phase. Variation of mole ratio influences thermal properties such as phase peak, enthalpy values and thermal span width of the present HBLC binary mixture complex. The optical tilt angle of 4MCA+6OBA for smectic C phase and thermal stability factors have been investigated. Optical tilt angle for smectic C phase is determined and same is fitted to a power law.
Culture Maintenance, Occupational Change, and Social Status
Authors: Tyler Robert Llewellyn
Published: April 2017

Through a consideration of residential propinquity, religious and cultural activity, language retention, and levels of exogamy, this article provides a microstudy of the Welsh community in San Francisco and identifies the Welsh as a distinct ethnolinguistic community in the city during the late decades of the nineteenth century and the early decades of the twentieth. What was the nature of Welsh immigrant culture, and to what extent were working-class Welsh people involved in its expression? In addition, through an analysis of intragenerational changes in socioeconomic status, as indicated by occupational mobility, the article tests the assumption that the Welsh were prime illustrations of the “American Dream,” thus providing a clearer picture than the images promulgated by contemporary Welsh leaders who strove to emphasize the industry and upward mobility of their fellow countrymen. Did the Welsh as a group occupy a privileged position in the occupational hierarchy, and were they universally successful in improving on this position?
Left Radicalism and the Milky Way
Authors: Tai Chaokang
Published: April 2017

Anton Pannekoek (1873–60) was both an influential Marxist and an innovative astronomer. This paper will analyze the various innovative methods that he developed to represent the visual aspect of the Milky Way and the statistical distribution of stars in the galaxy through a framework of epistemic virtues. Doing so will not only emphasize the unique aspects of his astronomical research, but also reveal its connections to his left radical brand of Marxism. A crucial feature of Pannekoek’s astronomical method was the active role ascribed to astronomers. They were expected to use their intuitive ability to organize data according to the appearance of the Milky Way, even as they had to avoid the influence of personal experience and theoretical presuppositions about the shape of the system. With this method, Pannekoek produced results that went against the Kapteyn Universe and instead made him the first astronomer in the Netherlands to find supporting evidence for Harlow Shapley's extended galaxy. After exploring Pannekoek’s Marxist philosophy, it is argued that both his astronomical method and his interpretation of historical materialism can be seen as strategies developed to make optical use of his particular conception of the human mind.
Automated analysis of high‐content microscopy data with deep learning
Authors: Kraus Oren Z , Grys Ben T , Ba Jimmy , Chong Yolanda , Frey Brendan J , Boone Charles , Andrews Brenda J
Published: April 2017

Existing computational pipelines for quantitative analysis of high‐content microscopy data rely on traditional machine learning approaches that fail to accurately classify more than a single dataset without substantial tuning and training, requiring extensive analysis. Here, we demonstrate that the application of deep learning to biological image data can overcome the pitfalls associated with conventional machine learning classifiers. Using a deep convolutional neural network (DeepLoc) to analyze yeast cell images, we show improved performance over traditional approaches in the automated classification of protein subcellular localization. We also demonstrate the ability of DeepLoc to classify highly divergent image sets, including images of pheromone‐arrested cells with abnormal cellular morphology, as well as images generated in different genetic backgrounds and in different laboratories. We offer an open‐source implementation that enables updating DeepLoc on new microscopy datasets. This study highlights deep learning as an important tool for the expedited analysis of high‐content microscopy data.
Heart, lipids and hormones
Authors: Wolf Peter , Winhofer Yvonne , Krššák Martin , Krebs Michael
Published: April 2017

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in general population. Besides well-known risk factors such as hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance and dyslipidemia, growing evidence suggests that hormonal changes in various endocrine diseases also impact the cardiac morphology and function. Recent studies highlight the importance of ectopic intracellular myocardial and pericardial lipid deposition, since even slight changes of these fat depots are associated with alterations in cardiac performance. In this review, we overview the effects of hormones, including insulin, thyroid hormones, growth hormone and cortisol, on heart function, focusing on their impact on myocardial lipid metabolism, cardiac substrate utilization and ectopic lipid deposition, in order to highlight the important role of even subtle hormonal changes for heart function in various endocrine and metabolic diseases.
Macroprolactinoma appearing after resolution of hydrocephalus
Authors: Bruno Oscar D , Pisani Ricardo Fernández , Isaac Gabriel , Basso Armando
Published: April 2017

The role of mechanical forces influencing the growth of a pituitary adenoma is poorly understood. In this paper we report the case of a young man with hyperprolactinaemia and an empty sella secondary to hydrocephalia, who developed a macroprolactinoma following the relief of high intraventricular pressure.

Learning points:

The volume of a pituitary tumour may be influenced not only by molecular but also by local mechanical factors.

Intratumoural pressure, resistance of the sellar diaphragm and intracranial liquid pressure may play a role in the final size of a pituitary adenoma.

The presence of hydrocephalus may hide a pituitary macroadenoma.
Pancreatic islet inflammation: an emerging role for chemokines
Authors: Collier J Jason , Sparer Tim E , Karlstad Michael D , Burke Susan J
Published: April 2017

Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes exhibit features of inflammation associated with alterations in pancreatic islet function and mass. These immunological disruptions, if unresolved, contribute to the overall pathogenesis of disease onset. This review presents the emerging role of pancreatic islet chemokine production as a critical factor regulating immune cell entry into pancreatic tissue as well as an important facilitator of changes in tissue resident leukocyte activity. Signaling through two specific chemokine receptors (i.e., CXCR2 and CXCR3) is presented to illustrate key points regarding ligand-mediated regulation of innate and adaptive immune cell responses. The prospective roles of chemokine ligands and their corresponding chemokine receptors to influence the onset and progression of autoimmune- and obesity-associated forms of diabetes are discussed.
High prevalence of NDM metallo-β-lactamase among ESBL-producing Escherichia coli İsolates
Authors: Çetinkol Yeliz , Sandalli Cemal , Çalgin Mustafa Kerem , Yildirim Arzu Altunçekiç , Akyildiz Esma , Karaman Esin , Çiçek Ayşegül Çopur
Published: April 2017

Resistance to β-lactams in Enterobacteriaceae has been increasing worldwide. This study aimed to determine the frequency of β-lactamase genes and antibiotic resistance rates of 140 extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli isolates obtained from urinary tract infection in Ordu Province, Turkey. Isolates were identified by classic methods and by automated system. ESBL production was confirmed by double disk synergy test and antimicrobial susceptibility was investigated by disk diffusion method. All isolates were screened for β-lactamase coding genes from three groups (A, B, and D) by polymerase chain reaction. The highest rate of susceptible isolates was observed for imipenem (IPM, 99.3%) and ertapenem (ETP, 97.9%), and the highest rate of resistant isolates was observed for cefuroxime (97.9%), ceftriaxone (97.2%), and cefazolin (90.7%). In our study, blaCTX-M1-like group was the most prevalent β-lactamase (n = 109), followed by blaTEM (n = 68), blaCTX-M2 (n = 22), and blaSHV (n = 2). By contrast to low resistance rate to IPM and ETP, we determined blaNDM in 31 isolates (22.1%). In co-prevalence of blaNDM-1 and ESBL-coding genes, a low carbapenem resistance was determined. We can confirm that blaCTX-M1-types are still the most frequent β-lactamase coding gene in Turkey. Our study showed the highest prevalence of blaNDM-1 metallo-β-lactamase coding gene in ESBL-producing E. coli.
Siblings Veiled by Ideology?
Authors: Ragaz Stefan
Published: April 2017

The essay proposes that historically Soviet scholarship on religion should not only be understood as the result of Marxist-Leninist ideology, but also as a phenomenological approach to religion operating in many ways with the same epistemological foundation as the Western phenomenology of religion.
Challenges, Perspectives, and Directions in the Study of Religion
Authors: Tite Philip
Published: April 2017

Editor's introduction to this issue of the Bulletin for the Study of Religion, an issue that includes a set of articles on the Swiss academic study of religion, specifically on theory-building, and another set of articles responding to Kate Daley-Bailey's Open Letter to the American Academy of Religion on contingent/adjunct faculty.
Biolistic Transformation of Pseudo-nitzschia multistriata and Pseudo-nitzschia arenysensis v1
Authors: Sabatino Valeria , Monia Teresa Russo not provided , Shrikant Patil not provided , Giuliana d’Ippolito not provided , Angelo Fontana not provided , Maria Immacolata Ferrante not provided
Published: April 2017

This protocol allows transformation of two species of Pseudo-nitzschia through biolistic method. With this method it is possible to insert one (transformation) or two (co-transformation) plasmids in the cells.
Fundamentals in Biostatistics for Investigation in Pediatric Dentistry: Part II –Biostatistical Methods
Authors: Pozos-Guillén Amaury , Ruiz-Rodríguez Socorro , Garrocho-Rangel Arturo
Published: April 2017

The main purpose of the second part of this series was to provide the reader with some basic aspects of the most common biostatistical methods employed in health sciences, in order to better understand the validity, significance and reliability of the results from any article on Pediatric Dentistry. Currently, as mentioned in the first paper, Pediatric Dentists need basic biostatistical knowledge to be able to apply it when critically appraise a dental article during the Evidence-based Dentistry (EBD) process, or when participating in the development of a clinical study with dental pediatric patients. The EBD process provides a systematic approach of collecting, review and analyze current and relevant published evidence about oral health care in order to answer a particular clinical question; then this evidence should be applied in everyday practice.

This second report describes the most commonly used statistical methods for analyzing and interpret collected data, and the methodological criteria to be considered when choosing the most appropriate tests for a specific study. These are available to Pediatric Dentistry practicants interested in reading or designing original clinical or epidemiological studies.
Correlation of serology with morphological changes in gastric biopsy of H. pylori infection
Authors: Rajan Amit , Ganguli Prosenjit , Pathak Niloy , Ranjan Amar , Thapa Ragini , Tripathi Snehlata
Published: April 2017

Background: Helicobacter pylori is involved in many gastrodeudonal complications and many diagnostic tests are available for its identification. The present study was done with the objective to evaluate the morphological changes induced by H. pylori in the gastric mucosa and to correlate them with the severity of the infection.Methods: This study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital from July 2013 to June 2014. 60 patients with symptoms of dyspepsia and requiring an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were included in the study. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed on all patients. Hematoxylin and Eosin staining (H and E), modified Giemsa staining were performed on tissue sections and examined microscopically for gastritis and presence and absence of H. pylori.Results: Out of 60 patients, 33 were male and 27 were females. Serology by immunochromatography technique was positive in 41 patients. Serology was found to have a sensitivity and specificity of 90.90% and 59.25% respectively. H. pylori was positive in 28 cases on H and E. With a sensitivity and specificity of 84.84% and 100% respectively. H. pylori was positive in 33 cases on modified Giemsa with a sensitivity and specificity of 100%.Conclusions: Simultaneous morphologic and serological detection of H. pylori helps in its complete distribution and identification of its precancerous morphological nature.
KEBERAGAMAAN MAHASISWA DI PERGURUAN TINGGI WILAYAH MINORITAS MUSLIM
Authors: Wekke Ismail Suardi , Hermawanto Asep , Ashrori Muhammad
Published: April 2017

Higher education is a part of society, therefore Islamic university also as part of their environment. This article would identify how Islamic higher education accelerates their institution to give students any opportunity to learn religious subject outside classroom. They have enough time to learn in non-formal situation. Data was collected through the brief in-depth interview and non-participant observation. Islamic State College of Sorong is the main source of data. Focus group discussion was the technique to verify data for triangulation. This article discusses two main activity, they are a celebration of Prophet Muhammad and the moment of first time reciting Quran. Finally, this article concludes that the institution in higher learning activity play two roles, the university itself, and the same time they are the religious body of the society.
Entanglement Monotones and Measures: An Overview
Authors: Erol Volkan
Published: April 2017

Quantum information theory and quantum computing are theoritical basis of quantum computers. Thanks to entanglement, quantum mechanical systems are provisioned to realize many information processing problems faster than classical counterparts. For example, Shor’s factorization algorithm, Grover’s search algorithm, quantum Fourrier transformation, etc. [1]. Entanglement, is the theoretical basis providing the expected speedups. It can be view in bipartite or multipartite forms. In order to quantify entanglement, some measures are defined. On the other hand, a general and accepted criterion, which can measure the amount of entanglement of multilateral systems, has not yet been found. However, since it must be used in many information processing tasks, the production and processing of multilateral quantum entangled systems is at the top of the hot topics of recent years [5-11]. Much of the work in the basic quantum technologies, such as quantum cryptography, communications, and computers, requires multi-partite entangled systems such as GHZ, W [22,30]. It can be suggested that the quantum entanglement criteria reflects the different properties of the systems. Many recent research has been done in entanglement and its related disciplines like entanglement measures and majorization, etc. [62-71]. In this work, we make an overview of recent research on the topic entanglement monotones/measures with an analitical approach.
ORB-SHOT SLAM: Trajectory Correction by 3D Loop Closing Based on Bag-of-Visual-Words (BoVW) Model for RGB-D Visual SLAM
Authors: Chai Zheng ,   Graduate School of Information, Production and Systems, Waseda University, Matsumaru Takafumi
Published: April 2017

[abstFig src='/00290002/10.jpg' width='300' text='Visual odometry + trajectory correction' ] This paper proposes the ORB-SHOT SLAM or OS-SLAM, which is a novel method of 3D loop closing for trajectory correction of RGB-D visual SLAM. We obtain point clouds from RGB-D sensors such as Kinect or Xtion, and we use 3D SHOT descriptors to describe the ORB corners. Then, we train an offline 3D vocabulary that contains more than 600,000 words by using two million 3D descriptors based on a large number of images from a public dataset provided by TUM. We convert new images to bag-of-visual-words (BoVW) vectors and push these vectors into an incremental database. We query the database for new images to detect the corresponding 3D loop candidates, and compute similarity scores between the new image and each corresponding 3D loop candidate. After detecting 2D loop closures using ORB-SLAM2 system, we accept those loop closures that are also included in the 3D loop candidates, and we assign them corresponding weights according to the scores stored previously. In the final graph-based optimization, we create edges with different weights for loop closures and correct the trajectory by solving a nonlinear least-squares optimization problem. We compare our results with several state-of-the-art systems such as ORB-SLAM2 and RGB-D SLAM by using the TUM public RGB-D dataset. We find that accurate loop closures and suitable weights reduce the error on trajectory estimation more effectively than other systems. The performance of ORB-SHOT SLAM is demonstrated by 3D reconstruction application.
A Control System for a Tool Use Robot: Drawing a Circle by Educing Functions of a Compass
Authors: Kutsuzawa Kyo ,   Saitama University, Sakaino Sho , Tsuji Toshiaki
Published: April 2017

[abstFig src='/00290002/12.jpg' width='260' text='Axes in the compass coordinate system' ] Robotic tool use is one of various approaches for actualizing versatility of robots, and is thus the focus of many studies. However, selection of the controllers for tool use and how to design them remains indeterminate. This paper addresses the task of drawing a circle with a compass as an example of tool use. This task mandates to deal with complex contact at multiple points and needs to educe functions of the compass to draw a circle accurately. This paper demonstrates the implementation and corresponding method of compass controller design. The method of designing the controller for the compass entails decomposing the usage of the compass into semantic units and subsequently defining a coordinate system and fabricating the controller via mapping of the semantic units to axes. The implementation of a controller for compass use indicates that the ability of the compass to accurately draw a circle is educed via mechanical constraints of the compass. We validated the implemented controller by drawing a circle and comparing the result to a circle drawn using a pencil.
Accuracy of Computer-Aided Techniques in Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Cartiaux Olivier , Jenny Jean-Yves , Joskowicz Leo
Published: April 2017

Surgical accuracy is multifactorial. Therefore, it is crucial to consider all influencing factors when investigating the accuracy of a surgical procedure, such as the surgeon’s experience, the assistive technologies that may be used by the surgeon, and the patient factors associated with the specific anatomical site. For in vitro preclinical investigations, accuracy should be linked to the concepts of trueness (e.g., distance from the surgical target) and precision (e.g., variability in relation to the surgical target) to gather preclinical, quantitative, objective data on the accuracy of completed surgical procedures that have been performed with assistive technologies. The clinical relevance of improvements in accuracy that have been observed experimentally may be evaluated by analyzing the impact on the risk of failure and by taking into account the level of tolerance in relation to the surgical target (e.g., the extent of the safety zone). The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) methodology enables preclinical testing of new assistive technologies to quantify improvements in accuracy and assess the benefits in terms of reducing the risk of failure and achieving surgical targets with tighter tolerances before the testing of clinical outcomes.
Clinical Practice Guidelines Decrease Unnecessary Echocardiograms Before Hip Fracture Surgery
Authors: Adair Chris , Swart Eric , Seymour Rachel , Patt Joshua , Karunakar Madhav A.
Published: April 2017

Background:

Preoperative assessment of geriatric patients with a hip fracture may include transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), which increases resource utilization and cost and may delay surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate preoperative TTE utilization at a single institution in order to determine (1) how often TTE is ordered in accordance with clinical practice guidelines (CPGs), (2) how frequently TTE reveals cardiac disease that may alter medical or anesthesia management, and (3) whether following CPGs reduces unnecessary TTE utilization without potentially missing important disease.

Methods:

A retrospective review of data on 100 geriatric patients with a hip fracture who had undergone preoperative TTE was performed. Charts were reviewed to evaluate if TTE had been obtained in accordance with the published CPGs from the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA). TTE reports were reviewed for the presence of disease that was important enough to cause modifications in anesthesia or perioperative management, including new left ventricular systolic or diastolic dysfunction, moderate or severe valvular disease, and pulmonary hypertension. Finally, the sensitivity and specificity of accordance with the ACC/AHA CPGs for predicting which patients would have TTE that identified important disease were calculated.

Results:

The TTE was ordered in accordance with the published ACC/AHA CPGs for 66% of the patients. TTE revealed disease with the potential to modify anesthesia or medical management in 14% of the patients—for all of whom the TTE had been indicated according to ACC/AHA guidelines (i.e., the guidelines were 100% sensitive). In this study population, following the ACC/AHA guidelines could have prevented the performance of TTE in 34% of the patients without missing any disease (40% specificity).

Conclusions:

Preoperative TTE for patients with a hip fracture is frequently obtained outside the recommendations of established CPGs. Utilization of CPGs such as the ACC/AHA guidelines should be considered, as it may decrease variability in care and reduce unnecessary resource utilization without adversely affecting patient outcomes.
Emerging U.S. National Trends in the Treatment of Pediatric Supracondylar Humeral Fractures
Authors: Holt Joshua B. , Glass Natalie A. , Bedard Nicholas A. , Weinstein Stuart L. , Shah Apurva S.
Published: April 2017

Background:

Understanding national trends in the treatment of pediatric supracondylar humeral fractures will provide important insight into variations in regional treatment and identify areas for improving value and quality in care delivery in the U.S.

Methods:

U.S. national trends in the treatment of supracondylar humeral fractures were evaluated through query of the Humana (2007 to 2014) and ING (2007 to 2011) administrative claims databases. Geographic variation and changes in surgical and transfer rates over time were further explored through the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS) database (2006 to 2011). Hospital characteristics impacting treatment decisions were identified.

Results:

A total of 29,642 pediatric patients with supracondylar humeral fractures were identified in the administrative claims databases and a projected 63,348 encounters for supracondylar humeral fracture were identified in the NEDS database. The majority of the patients (76.1%; 22,563 of 29,642) were treated definitively with cast immobilization. Operative treatment was performed in 23.9% of the patients (7,079 of 29,642), with no change observed in the operative rate over time (p = 0.055). Of patients undergoing operative treatment, closed reduction and percutaneous pinning (CRPP) was performed in 87.3%, with a significant increase noted in the rate of CRPP over time (p = 0.0001); open reduction was performed in 12.7%, with a significant decrease noted in the rate of open reduction over time (p < 0.0001). Regional surgical rates generally showed significant variation from 2006 to 2010, followed by a convergence in the surgical rate among all geographic regions in 2011. These trends occurred simultaneous to a significant increase in transfer rates nationwide, from 5.6% in 2006 to 9.1% in 2011 (p = 0.0011). Transfer rates were significantly higher (p < 0.0001) for nontrauma, nonteaching, and nonmetropolitan centers while surgical rates were significantly higher (p < 0.0001) for trauma, teaching, and metropolitan centers when rates were analyzed by hospital designation.

Conclusions:

Operative treatment was performed in 24% of pediatric patients with supracondylar humeral fractures from 2007 to 2014. There was a convergence of surgical rates across geographic regions, suggesting that a “standard of care” in the treatment of supracondylar humeral fractures is being established nationally.

Clinical Relevance:

Cases of pediatric supracondylar humeral fracture are increasingly being transferred to and, when managed surgically, receiving care at metropolitan facilities designated as trauma centers or teaching hospitals, with a corresponding decrease observed in the rate of open reduction. The optimization of nationwide referral and treatment patterns may improve value in care delivery.
TEOLOGI, ETIKA, DAN ISLAMISASI JURNALISME
Authors: Iskandar Dudi
Published: April 2017

Secara tradisional teologi didefinisikan
sebagai seperangkat konsep dan pemahaman
manusia terhadap aspek agama yang bersifat
esoteris. Kepercayaan terhadap Tuhan, malaikat,
kitab suci, kenabian, hari akhir, pahala,
dosa, dan balasannya. Sebagai sesuatu yang
bersifat intrapersonal, sesungguhnya teologi
harus sudah selesai pada ranah individu. Ia
tidak perlu dibawa ke ranah publik dan diperdebatkan.
Sebab apapun hasilnya kenyakinan
tidak bisa diganggu gugat atau dihakimi.
Jika kenyakinan dibawa ke ranah publik,
konflikantar dan intra agama pasti terjadi.
Setiap orang memiliki konsep dan pemahaman
yang berbeda tentang dimensi esoteris agama.
Oleh sebab itu, aspek kenyakinan terhadap
sesuatu yang abstrak dalam beragama wajib
berhenti dalam ranah hati.
DIGITALISASI PARIWISATA MADURA
Authors: Arifin Syamsul
Published: April 2017

ABSTRAK

Hiden paradise merupakan istilah yang sesuai dengan pulau Madura yang memiliki beragam potensi
wisata mulai dari wisata sejarah, wisata alam, wisata budaya, serta wisata religinya yang tersebar di
empat kabupaten yakni sumenep, pamekasan, sampang dan bangkalan. Citra pariwisata Madura selama
ini masih kalah populer dibandingkan dengan carok madura sehingga tidak haeran apabila banyak
orang mendeskripsikan Madura dengan kekerasan dan pembuhunan. Untuk merubah pandangan dan
stereotif negatif diperlukan tindakan konstruktif dengan menghadirkan wajah Madura yang berbeda,
unik, dan menarik. Kesan-kesan tersebut dapat dicapai salah satunya dengan memanfaatkan media
baru internet sebagai sarana mengenalkan potensi wisata Madura sehingga terbangun citra positif
pariwisata Madura. pembangunan manuisa Madura, perbaikan infrastruktur dan pemanfaatan media
baru dalam memasarkan potensi wisata madura harus dilakukan secara masif yang dukung oleh
inisiatif pemerintah daerah di pulau madura. dengan menggunakan pendekatan teori defusi inovasi
dapat dirumuskan bagaimana media baru menjadi sistem pembangunan sosial masyarakat Madura
sebagai sarana untuk mengenalkan berbagai potesi wisata sehingga pulau Madura dapat go public.
Keyword: Media baru+pariwisata+masyarakat Madura
The Augustan aqueduct of Capua and its historical evolution
Authors: Libertini G. , Miccio B. , Leone N. , De Feo G.
Published: April 2017

At his own expense Augustus built his own aqueduct, known as Aqua Iulia, for Capua, located in today's Campania region of southern Italy, which was in Roman times, one of the most important civitas of the empire. The course of this aqueduct and of its likely branches, destined for two small towns, Saticula and Calatia, is hypothesized, in part based on the re-use in the seventeenth century of about 8 miles (i.e. 11.8 km) of the ancient aqueduct for another water supply that served Naples, namely the Carmignano aqueduct. The subsequent transformation in the eighteenth century in a new water supply along a new route at a higher altitude is described. This third water supply served the Bourbon royal palace of Caserta, a magnificent construction built in the same period. In summary, the historical evolution of the Augustan aqueduct of Capua is discussed in the context of the communities served and in the context of the organization and history of the territory supplied, demonstrating the richness of information that may be obtained by an integrated study of the transformation, over time, of this important water infrastructure.
Aprendizagem mediada na escolarização de educandos com autismo
Authors: Macêdo Cláudia Roberto Soares de , Nunes Débora Regina de Paula
Published: April 2017

Um dos principais desafios encontrados no processo de escolarização de educandos com Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo (TEA), no contexto da escola regular, é a identificação de práticas pedagógicas eficazes. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos de uma prática interventiva denominada Experiência de Aprendizagem Mediada (EAM), implementada por uma professora, no desempenho acadêmico e social de um aluno com TEA matriculado em uma turma de 4o ano do Ensino Fundamental. Um delineamento de pesquisa quase experimental intrassujeito indicou aumento na frequência de ocorrência de comportamentos mediadores da professora e avanços no desempenho acadêmico e social do aluno após a implementação da EAM.
Para o cultivo da saúde: o programa de higiene nas escolas da Paraíba (1913-1942)
Authors: Soares Júnior Azemar Dos Santos , Cury Cláudia Engler
Published: April 2017

Este artigo tem por objetivo discutir as orientações médicas para a educação da saúde em geral e para a educação da higiene em específico, dirigidas para discentes, docentes e funcionários das escolas públicas e particulares do Estado da Paraíba entre os anos de 1913 a 1942. O trabalho, com base nos artigos das Revistas do Ensino e do Jornal A União orientou-se pelo entendimento teórico-metodológico de Afrânio Peixoto (1925) de que a evolução história da educação da saúde e da higiene revela-se no decurso da história da civilização. Nesse período, o Estado decretou a obrigatoriedade da adoção do “Programa de Educação da Saúde”, quando o dever do professor seria velar pelo desenvolvimento natural da criança no que diz respeito à saúde física, mental, social e moral que visou reunir médicos, professores, alunos e familiares em defesa da formação de um cidadão saudável, forte, vigoroso e comprometido com sua nação.
Comitê Científico
Authors: Araujo Marta Maria
Published: April 2017

Comitê Científico
Modeling and Simulation of Variable Speed Variable Frequency Electrical Power System in More Electric Aircraft
Authors: Xu Kelu , Xie Ning , Wang Chengmin , Shi Xudong
Published: April 2017

The More Electric Aircraft (MEA), Variable Speed Variable Frequency (VSVF) and Electrical Power System (EPS) has lager generating capacity and higher energy efficiency than the conventional Constant Speed Constant Frequency EPS, but the generators of MEA have to working as redundant power supplies to improve the power supply reliability, instead of parallel power supply. To study the steady state operation and power source change strategies under different fault conditions of VSVF EPS, the integrated structure of VSVF EPS is firstly illustrated and operating principles of components are theorized. The key components including variable frequency generators, Bus Power Control Unit, rectifiers and other supplementary elements are then simulated to build a comprehensive VSVF EPS model on the platform of Simulink and the power source change strategies are realized by logic units. Finally, the stability analysis in terms of normal operation is carried out in case studies and power source exchange strategies in different situations are summarized. The results show that the model proposed by the paper can be used to simulate MEA VSVF EPS and analyze its whole operational process effectively and efficiently.
Specific Effects of Anti-Hypertensive Treatment in an Older Patient with Dementia
Authors: Zmudka Jadwiga Attier , Sérot Jean Marie , Dao Salif , Sorel Claire , Macaret Anne-Sophie , Balédent Olivier
Published: April 2017

Dementia is one of the most common health problems in the world. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. The presence of vascular risk factors such as hypertension (HT) may increase the risk of AD [1,2]. The relation between blood pressure (BP) and dementia has been the subject of numerous epidemiological studies, midlife HT is a risk factor for dementia and AD [3-7] but the association between HT and risk of dementia is lower in the older population [8].

A fair modulation of an antihypertensive treatment, based on the cognitive status of the elderly, can avoid multiple complications.

A case of an older for whom cognitive improvement and reduced risk of falls were noticed after mild blood pressure elevation is reported.
Plaster of Paris–Short History of Casting and Injured Limb Immobilzation
Authors: Szostakowski B. , Smitham P. , Khan W.S.
Published: April 2017

Various materials have been used since ancient times to help immobilise fractures. In this review, we discuss the history and developments of these materials as well as plaster of Paris. There has been a recent trend away from non-operative management of fractures, and skills in the use of plaster of Paris are declining. For the successful treatment of patients, it is important to appreciate how plaster works, how it should be used, and what can go wrong. In this review, we also discuss principles of applications and complications of plaster of Paris.
Dental Students’ Perceptions of Digital Assessment Software for Preclinical Tooth Preparation Exercises
Authors: Park Carly F. , Sheinbaum Justin M. , Tamada Yasushi , Chandiramani Raina , Lian Lisa , Lee Cliff , Da Silva John , Ishikawa-Nagai Shigemi
Published: April 2017

Objective self‐assessment is essential to learning and continued competence in dentistry. A computer‐assisted design/computer‐assisted manufacturing (CAD/CAM) learning software (prepCheck, Sirona) allows students to objectively assess their performance in preclinical prosthodontics. The aim of this study was to evaluate students’ perceptions of CAD/CAM learning software for preclinical prosthodontics exercises. In 2014, all third‐year dental students at Harvard School of Dental Medicine (n=36) were individually instructed by a trained faculty member in using prepCheck. Each student completed a preclinical formative exercise (#18) and summative examination (#30) for ceramometal crown preparation and evaluated the preparation using five assessment tools (reduction, margin width, surface finish, taper, and undercut) in prepCheck. The students then rated each of the five tools for usefulness, user‐friendliness, and frequency of use on a scale from 1=lowest to 5=highest. Faculty members graded the tooth preparations as pass (P), marginal‐pass (MP), or fail (F). The survey response rate was 100%. The tools for undercut and taper had the highest scores for usefulness, user‐friendliness, and frequency of use. The reduction tool score was significantly lower in all categories (p<0.01). There were significant differences in usefulness (p<0.05) and user‐friendliness (p<0.05) scores among the P, MP, and F groups. These results suggest that the prepCheck taper and undercut tools were useful for the students’ learning process in a preclinical exercise. The students’ perceptions of prepCheck and their preclinical performance were related, and those students who performed poorest rated the software as significantly more useful.