bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rancangan Undang-Undang Ketahanan Keluarga Dalam Perspektif Sosiologi Gender
Authors: Nursyifa Aulia
Published: February 2021

Rancangan Undang-Undang (RUU) Ketahanan Keluarga bertujuan untuk memperkuat ketahanan keluarga di Indonesia. Namun dalam implementasi RUU ketahanan keluarga menjadi polemik di kalangan masyarakat. Salah satu permasalahan pada RUU ketahanan keluarga terkait dengan ketidakadilan gender, terutama terkait dengan peran dan fungsi perempuan dalam keluarga. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis RUU Ketahanan Keluarga dalam perspektif sosiologi gender. Penulisan artikel ini menggunakan metode kajian literatur yang berasal dari buku, jurnal, dokumen lain yang relevan. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa Rancangan Undang-Undang ketahanan keluarga mengandung pasal yang dapat menimbulkan kotroversi di masyarakat terutama tentang hak dan kewajiban suami maupun istri yang dapat menimbulkan ketidakadilan gender, menempati perempuan memiliki kewajiban bekerja pada ranah domestik. Ketahanan keluarga memiliki tujuan baik untuk memperkuat ketahanan keluarga sebagai upaya mewujudkan ketahanan bangsa, namun perlu dikaji lebih mendalam tentang pasal-pasal yang ada di dalam RUU ketahanan keluarga agar tetap mengedepankan keadilan gender di Indonesia.
Implementasi Peraturan Presiden Nomor 87 Tahun 2017 Tentang Penguatan Pendidikan Karakter (PPK)
Authors: Suanto Suanto , Nurdiyana Nurdiyana
Published: February 2021

Pendidikan “karakter pada satuan pendidikan formal menjadi suatu hal yang sangat penting hal ini tertulis dalam Peraturan Presiden Nomor 87 Tahun 2017 tentang Penguatan Pendidikan Karakter (PPK),”akan tetapi bagaimana implementasi kebijakan dan pengintegrasiannya dalam kurikulum serta dampak pendidikan karakter bagi siswa dalam satuan pendidikan masih perlu dimonitoring dan dievaluasi implementasinya. Atas dasar “latar belakang tersebut maka tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalisis”data secara empiris tentang  implementasi“Peraturan Presiden Nomor 87 Tahun 2017 tentang Penguatan Pendidikan Karakter (PPK)”di SMK Letris Indonesia. Jenis Penelitian yang digunakan yaitu Penelitian Normatif Empiris dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif, dengan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan angket, studi dokumen, observasi, dan wawancara, dengan responden yang terdiri dari kepala sekolah, guru, dan siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa sekolah telah mengimplementasikan dan mengintegrasikan kebijakan PPK yang terlihat dari prinsip pelaksanaan PPK sebagaimana telah diatur pada Pasal 5, dan Penyelenggaraan PPK yang sesuai dengan Pasal 6 ayat 1“Peraturan Presiden Nomor 87 Tahun 2017 tentang Penguatan Pendidikan Karakter (PPK). Dengan demikian”dapat disimpulkan bahwa implementasi kebijakan PPK telah sesuai dengan perpres tersebut, namun masih perlu dievaluasi secara berkala pengintegrasiannya dalam proses belajar mengajar dan dampaknya bagi siswa.
Learning from Mistakes: Students’ Perception towards Teacher's Attitude in Writing Correction
Authors: Muliyah Pipit , Rekha Agnira , Aminatun Dyah
Published: February 2021

Most of writing teachers agree that writing skill is the most difficult subject for foreign language learners. The difficulties come from complexity of planning, idea organization, revision, and the use of lexical and grammatical. Correcting or giving feedback to students’ writing is also difficult for teachers, since it takes time and energy. Thus, this study tried to explore students’ perception towards teachers’ attitude in writing correction by distributing questionnaire to 20 students and 4 writing teachers, observing the teaching activities, and documenting students’ work. The study showed the result that teachers and students responses revealed various discrepancies between teachers and students’ perception for error and mistake correction. Then, most of students indicated that they do not understand the teachers’ feedback towards their writing composition. Therefore, it is recommended that teachers incorporate classroom discussions on error correction, feedback, and writing in order to help their students understand how feedback is intended to affect their writing and why it is given in particular way.
Analisis Muatan Nilai-Nilai Karakter Pada Buku Siswa Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar Tema Indahnya Kebersamaan
Authors: Ammar Efan Khoirul
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan muatan nilai-nilai karakter yang terdapat dalam buku siswa kelas IV Tema 1 Indahnya Kebersamaan. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian deskripstif kualitatif dan merupakan jenis penelitian studi pustaka. Data dalam penelitian ini merupakan pernyataan-pernyataan yang mengandung nilai-nilai karakter. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan teknik baca, teknik simak dan teknik catat. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis teks dan bahasa dengan menggunakan teknik analisis isi (content analysis). Berdasarkan hasil analisis, dari 18 nilai-nilai karakter yang dicanangkan oleh Kemendiknas, ditemukan 17 nilai karakter dalam buku tematik kelas IV Tema 1 Indahnya Kebersamaan yaitu: (1) religius, (2) jujur, (3) toleransi, (4) kerja keras, (5) kreatif, (6) mandiri (7) demokratis, (8) semangat kebangsaan, (9) rasa ingin tahu, (10) cinta tanah air, (11) menghargai prestasi, (12) komunikatif, (13) cinta damai,(14) Gemar Membaca, (15) peduli lingkungan, (16) peduli sosial, dan (17) tanggung jawab. Hal ini berarti terdapat satu nilai karakter yang belum ditemukan yaitu nilai karakter disiplin. Kata Kunci: Nilai-Nilai Karakter, buku siswa, Indahna Kebersamaan
VIOLENT PENITENTIARY CRIME AND ITS PREVENTION IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES
Authors:   Academy of the State penitentiary service, Chernihiv, Ukraine, O. M. Zvenyhorodskyi
Published: February 2021

The article analyzes the manifestations of violent crime in places of imprisonment in some foreign countries (USA, Great Britain, the Federal Republic of Germany, the Netherlands, Latin American countries). The violent penitentiary crime is a concentrated expression of the qualitative and quantitative state of all crime in the state and a manifestation of systemic problems that do not allow the effective prevention of crime in places of imprisonment. The mass riots of group disobedience occur in prisons in the United States, a number of Latin American countries (whose prison systems are in crisis), most of which are accompanied by hostage-taking and destruction of property. Different approaches to the prevention and elimination of mass riots in penitentiary institutions are considered. The experience of countries such as the United States, Brazil, Venezuela, El Salvador, and the Philippines has shown that the cessation of mass riots at any cost causes the death of both convicts and prison personnel. It is found that in the United States and Latin America, more important problem is the violent suppression of riots. Another approach is demonstrated by the penitentiary systems of European countries, where the emphasis is on the prevention of mass riots and other manifestations of violent penitentiary crime with the help of technical innovations. In particular, the penitentiary institutions of Great Britain and the Federal Republic of Germany have taken an approach according to which the convict`s behavior is directly dependent on the conditions of serving the sentence. In the penitentiary institutions of the Netherlands, one of the ways to prevent violent crime is the use of various technical innovations (video surveillance system, audio control, no bars, installation of armored windows, the possibility for convicts to use the Internet, etc.). It is the one of the directions of combating crime of convicts in places of imprisonment is the study of the positive experience of foreign countries in the field of prevention of violent crime, its critical analysis with the aim of introducing the penitentiary system. Key words: penitentiary system, violent crime, penitentiary crime, mass riots in penitentiary institutions, prevention of violent penitentiary crime.
PROBLEM ISSUES OF UKRAINIAN LEGISLATION REGARDING CRIMINAL LIABILITY FOR AVOIDANCE OF SERVING SENTENCE IN THE COMMUNITY SERVICE FORM
Authors:   Academy of the State penitentiary service, Chernihiv, Ukraine, L.I. Olefir , Yu. O. Demianenko ,   Academy of the State penitentiary service, Chernihiv, Ukraine
Published: February 2021

The article addresses to the peculiarities of Ukrainian legislation in the process of application and implementation of criminal liability for avoidance of serving a sentence in the form of community service, as according to official statistics they are the most common of all types of criminal behavior of non-custodial prisoners. The conditions under which a convict cannot be prosecuted for violating labor discipline are analyzed, as well as the conditions under which criminal liability is applied for avoidance from serving a sentence in the form of community service. The article draws attention to the dilution of the concepts of “avoidance of punishment” and “non-execution of punishment”. The authors raise the issue of impunity for double or more disregard by convicts of the warning of the probation authority to his personal address, as well as the possibility of initiating disciplinary proceedings in such cases of violation of labor discipline, if they are committed at least repeatedly, but less than twice a month. The article reveals the meaning of the term “labor discipline” as an integral part of the activities of any enterprise, aimed at ensuring unity in achieving goals and acts as a necessary condition for any joint work. The conclusions state that the problem of accurately establishing the legal nature of avoidance of punishments not related to the isolation of a person from society could be solved in the case of a positive perception of the Ukrainian legislator’s opinion of domestic scholars on the distribution of criminal offenses, the experience of which has positive aspects. This would allow avoidance to be included in the category of criminal offenses according to the degree of their public danger. Key words: community service, avoidance of serving sentence, non-custodial sentence, community service, labor discipline.
CASE LAW OF THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN DECISIONS REGARDING NON-COMPLIANCE OF LIFE IMPRISONMENT WITH THE REQUIREMENTS OF ARTICLE 3 OF THE EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS
Authors:   National Academy of Internal Affairs, Kyiv, Ukraine, О. M. Dzhuzha , І. P. Melnychenko ,   Academy of the State Penitentiary Service, Chernihiv, Ukraine
Published: February 2021

The article provides a legal analysis of the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights in such cases like “Vinter and Others v. The United Kingdom”, “Hutchinson v. The United Kingdom”. The European Court of Human Rights has established key standards for those sentenced to life imprisonment, compliance with which will ensure that this type of punishment meets the requirements of the Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights. Such standards are: 1) sentencing of life imprisonment is not prohibited and does not conflict with the Article 3 or any other article of the Convention. The imposition of “non-reducible” life imprisonment may raise questions of compliance with the requirements of the Article 3 of the Convention; 2) in decision making whether life imprisonment can be considered as “non-reducible”, it is necessary to establish whether the person convicted to life imprisonment had any prospect of release. If national law provides for the possibility of reviewing life imprisonment regarding its mitigating, reducing, terminating or releasing, this is sufficient to satisfy the requirements of th Article 3 of the Convention; 3) for the purposes of the Article 3 of the Convention it is sufficient that life imprisonment is reducible de jure and de facto; 4) European penitentiary policy is currently focusing on the correctional purpose of imprisonment, in particular until the end of long prison sentences; 5) at the very beginning of the sentence a person convicted to life imprisonment has the right to know what he must do to consider the possibility of his release and under what conditions the sentence will be reviewed or also in what order a request to this may be made; 6) if domestic law does not provide for any mechanism or possibility to review life imprisonment, then the non-compliance with the requirements of the Article 3 of the Convention occurs at the time of imposition of life imprisonment and not at a later stage. The importance of such standards separating of the European Court of Human Rights for the national theory and practice of life imprisonment is that these provisions are effective guidelines for determining the prospects of releasing from sentencing in the form life imprisonment. Key words: European Court of Human Rights, Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, case law, convict, life imprisonment.
PROGRESSIVE SYSTEM OF EXECUTION OF DETENTION OF FREEDOM AND PROSPECTS OF ITS APPLICATION IN KAZAKHSTAN
Authors:   Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan named after Beisenov, Karaganda, the Republic of Kazakhstan, А. B. Skakov
Published: February 2021

The article formulates the author`s definition of the progressive system: “The progressive system is a complex intersectoral institution of criminal and criminal and executive law, including several independent institutions, in the process of applying which the legal status of the convict changes depending on the degree of its correction in the direction of either expansion or restriction of the volume of his rights”. It is noted that in the current legislation, with the establishment of a general rule on various conditions for serving a sentence within one correctional institution, the progressive system has acquired a completely finished form and can be considered the basis of all punitive and educational impact on convicts. The need for a more detailed classification of positively characterized convicts has been also actualized. In this case, each positive degree of behavior of convicts must correspond to certain conditions of detention and institutions of the progressive system, namely: upon reaching the 1st positive degree, the convict is kept in the usual conditions of a correctional institution (the institution of changing conditions of detention within one correctional institution); at the 2nd positive degree – transferred to lighter conditions of detention; at the 3rd positive degree – transferred to preferential conditions of detention; upon reaching the 4th positive degree – transferred to an institution of another type; at the 5th positive degree – the institution of replacement of punishment is applied; at the 6th positive degree – parole of the convicted person is possible. A proposal regarding the release of the court from the function of changing the process of executing the sentence has been formulated, in order to entrust it to the supervisory commissions created at the correctional institution. The court will only appoint the type of punishment, and the execution of the court`s decision should be entrusted to the Committee of the Penitentiary System and the Supervisory Commission. In this case, the commission collectively decides on the application of all the institutions of the progressive system, up to the institution of parole. The necessity of further improvement of legal regulation of the process of execution of punishments, alternative to imprisonment, according to the progressive system is substantiated. Key words: criminal policy, humanization, deprivation of liberty, punishments alternative to imprisonment, progressive system of execution of imprisonment, conditions of detention, behavior of convicts.
LEGISLATIVE GUARANTEES FOR CORRUPTION WHISTLEBLOWER`S PROTECTION
Authors:   Academy of the State penitentiary service, Chernihiv, Ukraine, О. L. Samofalov , K. О. Rusevich ,   Academy of the State penitentiary service, Chernihiv, Ukraine
Published: February 2021

The article is devoted to the coverage of legislative guarantees for the whistleblowers`s protection in order to improve and develop national legislation regarding corruption prevention. Combatting corruption is an urgent issue for Ukraine today, as one of the reasons for the ineffective work of the state apparatus is corruption, the essence of which is that civil servants performancing their duties are endowed with public authority, which in combination with the unscrupulous performance of their official duties, leads to the fact that they have personal interests, which differ in content and direction from the primary tasks of the civil service as a whole. Corruption whistleblowers are a key factor in detecting corruption, and therefore they must be protected by guarantees at the legislative level. A legislative guarantees research of the whistleblowers` protection proves that such real protection can only be guaranteed by a separate special law that will create an effective mechanism for disseminating socially necessary information and will clearly prescribe legislative guarantees. The information disclosure of harm or threat to public interests is one of the most effective means of detecting and combating corruption and also serious economic offenses. In order to make the most of the benefits of disclosing information to the harm or threat to the public interest, there must be laws in the country that will provide whistleblowers with legislative guarantees not only for themselves, but also for their relatives. The main way to improve the legislative guarantees for the whistleblowers` protection is a promising draft act “On the protection of whistleblowers”. The adoption of the Law “On the protection of whistleblowers” will ensure the creation of a new effective system for preventing corruption on the basis of international standards, which will help in reducing the corruption level in the country, and thus – economic development and welfare. At the same time, it is promising to expand and clarify the regulations of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, which guarantee the protection of whistleblowers. Key words: corruption, anti-corruption, evidence, corruption whistleblowers, protection of whistleblowers.
PROBLEMS OF LEGAL LIABILITY FOR INFRINGEMENT ON STATE SYMBOLS
Authors:   Academy of the State penitentiary service, Chernihiv, Ukraine, V. М. Pekarchuk , V. Yu. Chaika ,   Academy of the State penitentiary service, Chernihiv, Ukraine
Published: February 2021

The concept of the category “legal liability” is revealed and its essential features are defined in the article. It was found out that the current legislation provides only criminal liability: for public outrage to the State Flag of Ukraine, the State Coat of Arms of Ukraine or the National Anthem of Ukraine (Article 338 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine), as well as for illegal raising the State Flag of Ukraine on a river or sea vessel (Article 339 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine). Criminal liability for public outrage to the State Flag of Ukraine, the State Coat of Arms of Ukraine or the National Anthem of Ukraine, as well as for illegal raising the State Flag of Ukraine on a river or sea vessel is analyzed. The provision that Article 338 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine needs significant improvement and appropriate changes, as the authority of the Ukrainian state is undermined not only in case of infringement on the officially established flag and coat of arms of a foreign state is substantiated. In addition, it is advisable to introduce administrative liability for infringement on state symbols. Key words: responsibility, legal liability, criminal liability, administrative liability, state symbols.
The Academic Adjustments of First-Year Students with Autism
Authors: Hadley Wanda , Zhang Yuqian
Published: February 2021

Students with learning disabilities, specifically those with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) transitioning from high school to college might face barriers to their academic participation. Seamless access on campus for students with ASD should be a priority that includes accommodations, a culture that is inclusive, and faculty that understand the issues related to having students with ASD in the classroom. This study reviews the experiences of the same group of entering first-year students with ASD over a two-year period as they adjust to the transition to college. Students struggled to move away from accommodations such as tutoring, extra time for exams, and proctored exams as they had received in high school.
REGULATING BIOSAFETY OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED CROPS IN INDONESIA: LIMITS AND CHALLENGES
Authors: Ulum Muhammad Bahrul
Published: February 2021

The global use of genetically modified (GM) crops is rapidly expanding. While the advent of this agricultural biotechnology offers new promises to cater to the rising demand for Indonesia’s food security, the government should ensure its safety. This paper examines the regulatory regime over biosafety in Indonesia by considering the global fragmentation of biosafety regulation that debates its impact on environmental and health aspects. After Indonesia ratified the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, which both specifically become the global guideline on how domestic biosafety policies are regulated, environmental and health issues are among the priorities which the use of GM crops contests to the precautionary approach. Amidst the insufficient scientific ground on its safety, GM crops' use is supposed to result in adverse impacts, and the suspicion over the safety of such a new cutting-edge agricultural technology ended with a series of rejections. This paper's results reveal that amongst the global contention over the regulatory regime on biosafety, which resulted in the bifurcation of the biosafety regulation, Indonesia has added to the new polarization. This polarization includes the release of GM crops certification, and Indonesia's desire to regulating biosafety deliberates over the definition and translation of biosafety in the domestic regulatory regime against the global regulatory diversity of biosafety.
Hybride Identitäten bei Marica Bodrožić, Danijela
Pilic und Anna Baar
Authors: Aćimović Ljiljana
Published: February 2021

In diesem Beitrag wird untersucht, wie drei Autorinnen: Marica Bodrožić,
Danijela Pilic und Anna Baar die Frage der Identität thematisieren. Nach der theoretischen Bestimmung der Begriffe Identität und Hybridität folgt der analytische Teil angelehnt an die von Michael Metzeltin und Thomas Wallmann zusammengestellte Auflistung der individuellen und kollektiven Identitätsmerkmale. Als Grundlage für die Analyse dienten folgende Werke: der autobiographische Prosaband Sterne erben, Sterne färben (2007) mit dem Untertitel Meine Ankunft in Wörtern von Marica Bodrožić, das autobiographische Werk Sommer vorm Balkan mit dem Untertitel Mein Leben zwischen Alpen und Adria (2015) von Danijela Pilic
und der autobiographisch gefärbte Roman Die Farbe des Granatapfels (2015) von Anna Baar. In den genannten Werken wurden folgende Identitätsmerkmale behandelt: Sprache, Herkunft und Familie. In der Schlussfolgerung werden Parallelen gezogen und Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede in der Konstruierung von hybriden Identitäten diskutiert.
Transkulturelle Vermittlung von Literatur - die kompetenzfördernde Erfahrung des ästhetischen Lernens
Authors: Knežević Jelena
Published: February 2021

Im Rahmen dieses Aufsatzes werden einige wichtige Aspekte des ästhetischen Lernens bei der transkulturellen Vermittlung von Literatur dargestellt, mit dem Ziel zu zeigen, wie die systematische Interpretation ausgezeichneter literarischer Werke in der Ausbildung von
Lehrenden zur humanistischen Bildung bzw. transkulturellen Vermittlung humanistischer Werte beiträgt, während gleichzeitig die Sprachkompetenzen der Lernenden gefördert werden. Die vorliegende Untersuchung fand im Rahmen eines universitären Unterrichtsprojektes statt. Sie zeigt auf, wie die ästhetische Erfahrung bei der literarischen Übersetzung durch den spielerischen Umgang mit Sprache ermöglicht wird sowie durch die Auseinandersetzung mit gelungenen sprachlich vermittelten Bildern, Sinnbildern und Metaphern, die nicht unbedingt kulturologisch geprägt sind, sondern vielmehr mit der Transformation von der persönlichen zur universal-menschlichen Erfahrung
zu tun haben.
Portrait of Maulana's Life: A Wealthy, Independent, and Outstanding Student
Authors: Izah Nafa , Martono Nanang , Mintarti Mintarti
Published: February 2021

This study aims to describe a wealthy student’s habitus who does not get enough attention from parents but can make school achievements. Parents’ role is vital in children’s learning development process and becomes an encouragement to increase children’s enthusiasm for learning. In this case, wealthy students with achievements are often seen as something normal. However, upper-class students who do not get enough attention from their parents because of being busy at work but can make achievements are exciting things to study, especially to observe the habitus that shapes them. This study uses a qualitative method with a life history approach. This study’s single informant is Maulana, a high school student in Cilacap city, Central Java Province, Indonesia. Selection of informant using a purposive sampling technique. The study results indicate that a separate living house forms the habitus of Maulana as an independent student. Independent, in this case, means that he has the initiative to learn without coercion. The achievements he made were a form of strategy to attract the attention of his parents. The achievements that are always compared to his older siblings have boosted Maulana’s enthusiasm to improve his achievements. In this case, the study results stated that the habitus is formed from the capital (social, economic, cultural, and symbolic) of the individual. Parents’ busyness is not a problem in getting their performance at school.
Benefícios da equoterapia em crianças com paralisia cerebral: revisão integrativa
Authors: Lima Matheus Braga de , Algeri Simone , Silva Priscila Arruda da , Silva Michele Peixoto da , Oliveira Naila Bragança Carvalho de , Viana Ana Cristina Wesner
Published: February 2021

Analisar, na literatura científica, os benefícios da equoterapia em crianças com paralisia cerebral. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, com buscas nas bases de dados SciELO, LILACS e PubMed. Utilizou-se os descritores em ciências da saúde (DeCS), sendo eles: terapia assistida por cavalos, paralisia cerebral, criança, nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. Foram selecionados artigos completos de 2005 a 2020. A amostra foi composta por 11 artigos completos, organizados e caracterizados, de acordo com autor, título, ano, país do estudo, delineamento e os benefícios da terapêutica. A equoterapia, possibilita a melhora significativa da função motora, assim como na qualidade de vida, ao promover o autocuidado, melhora na autoestima, além da interação social. O estudo oferece importantes contribuições aos profissionais de diversas áreas do conhecimento, quanto aos benefícios da equoterapia, no desenvolvimento biopsicossocial da criança com paralisia cerebral.
Social isolation and quarantine in the COVID-19 pandemic: impacts on mental health and quality of population life
Authors: Nunes Gabriel Kiaro Leite , Araújo Karinne Alice Santos de , Oliveira Thais Ranielle Souza de , Teixeira Marcelina da Conceição Botelho , Ribeiro Ieler Ferreira , Santos Jéssica Caroline da Silva e , Torres Yan Vinicius
Published: February 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic brought about major changes in the lifestyle of the world population. Due to the lack of vaccines or a definitive treatment for disease, governments around the world have adopted social isolation and quarantine as methods to control the spread of the virus. Objective: Thus, the objective of this study was to discuss how social isolation and quarantine periods affected people's mental health and quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: An integrative literature review was carried out during the COVID-19 pandemic between March and September 2020, establishing the following guiding question: How did social isolation and quarantine affect the mental health and quality of life of the population in the COVID-19 pandemic? Results: The final sample consisted of nineteen (19) articles, two (2) addressed depression during the pandemic period, three (3) presented the pandemic and the relationship with sociodemographic aspects, five (5) analyzed mental health in the pandemic, four (4) reported the impact of COVID-19 on the population's style and quality of life and the last five (5) demonstrated the quality of human relationships and emotional aspects in the face of the pandemic. Conclusion: It was demonstrated that isolation and the quarantine period had a negative impact on the population's quality of life and long-term mental health.
Microbial communities of wild-captured Kemp’s ridley (Lepidochelys kempii) and green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas)
Authors: McNally KL , Mott CR , Guertin JR , Bowen JL
Published: February 2021

Conservation efforts for endangered sea turtle species, such as Kemp’s ridley turtles Lepidochelys kempii and green turtles Chelonia mydas, may benefit from information on the microbial communities that contribute to host health. Previous studies examining host-associated microbiomes of these species have been limited in geographic region, life stage, and/or health. Here, we characterized the microbiome of the oral cavity and cloaca from wild-captured Kemp’s ridley and green turtles off the west coast of Florida, USA, by using Illumina sequencing to analyze the 16S rRNA gene. Microbial communities were distinct between body sites as well as between turtle species, suggesting that the turtle species is more important than the local environment in determining the microbiome of sea turtles. We identified the core microbiome for each species at each body site and determined that there were very few bacteria shared among the oral samples of both species, and no taxa co-occurred in the cloaca samples among both species. The core microbiome of the green turtle cloaca was primarily from the order Clostridiales, which plays an important role in digestion for other herbivorous species. Due to high prevalence of fibropapillomatosis in the green turtles (90%), we also investigated the correlation between the microbiome and the severity of fibropapillomatosis, and we identified changes in beta diversity associated with the total number of tumors. This study provides the first glimpse of the microbiome in 2 sympatric species of sea turtle and sheds an important species-specific light on the microbiome of these endangered species.
Population dynamics of the coconut crab Birgus latro on Aldabra Atoll, Seychelles
Authors: Appoo JC , Cagua EF , van de Crommenacker J , Burt AJ , Pistorius P , Taylor FE , Richards H , Haupt P , Doak N , Fleischer-Dogley F , Bunbury N
Published: February 2021

Birgus latro, the largest terrestrial arthropod in the world, has undergone a substantial decline globally over the last decades, with only a few healthy populations remaining where they are actively protected. We aimed to quantify demographic and spatio-temporal dynamics of a protected population ofB. latroon Aldabra Atoll (Seychelles). Based on results along 2 transects on the atoll from 2007 to 2016, we calculated an average (±SE) density of 23.7 ± 1.1 ind. ha-1. This suggests a population of around 5000B. latroin the coastal area of Picard Island, which is likely to be an underestimate due to the cryptic nature of the species. The average density within the study area was stable over the study period, and over the yearly cycle, the population exhibited high spatial and temporal variability in count, size and sex ratio and in association with the lunar cycle. Aldabra’sB. latropopulation is male-biased (3:1 male:female) and sexually dimorphic, with males being larger than females. Males and females moult at different times of the year, and the breeding season overlaps with the region’s wet season (December-March) and was in synchrony with the lunar phase.B. latroon Aldabra present colour polymorphism in a 4:1:1 ratio of orange:blue:intermediate (mixture of orange and blue). Results confirm that Aldabra is an important refuge forB. latroand potentially a natural source population for other areas in the region. Similar long-term studies onB. latroare encouraged to improve knowledge on the species and to support conservation actions to halt the species’ decline.
TRABAJO INTERDISCIPLINARIO Y FORTALECIMIENTO DE APRENDIZAJE EN ESTUDIANTES DE SÉPTIMO AÑO DE EDUCACIÓN BÁSICA
Authors:   Unidad Educativa Fiscomisional San Felipe Neri, Rosero Paulina , Barrera Helder ,   Pontífica Universidad Católica del Ecuador.
Published: February 2021

El trabajo interdisciplinario, en el contexto pedagógico, engloba un sistema de integración superior que pretende aumentar la calidad del aprendizaje de los estudiantes. El objetivo de este estudio es establecer los lineamientos para el fortalecimiento del trabajo interdisciplinario en los estudiantes de séptimo año de educación general básica de la Unidad Educativa Fiscomisional San Felipe Neri; así como conocer la opinión de los estudiantes sobre la importancia del trabajo conjunto y su influencia en el fortalecimiento del aprendizaje. Para esto se realizó una investigación básica, descriptiva y con enfoque mixto que incluyó 102 estudiantes, se aplicó una encuesta para conocer la opinión personal de los estudiantes sobre la importancia de la implementación del trabajo interdisciplinario y su influencia sobre el fortalecimiento del aprendizaje. Se utilizó el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson para identificar relación entre variables. Los principales resultados muestran promedio de edad de 11,57 años con predominio de estudiantes masculinos (62,74%) y de procedencia urbana (68,63%). Según la opinión de los estudiantes la puntuación media sobre las ventajas del trabajo interdisciplinario fue de 4,01 y en relación al fortalecimiento del aprendizaje de 4,04. Se concluye que, según la opinión de los estudiantes la implementación del trabajo interdisciplinario favorece el fortalecimiento
Predisposition of Women to Cardiovascular Diseases: A Side-Effect of Increased Glucocorticoid Signaling During the COVID-19 Pandemic?
Authors: Dhaibar Hemangini A. , Cruz-Topete Diana
Published: February 2021

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created a significant health crisis worldwide. To mitigate this disease's spread, “social distancing” and “shelter in place” have been implemented. While these actions have been critical to controlling the pandemic, they have short- and long-term mental health consequences due to increased stress. There is a strong association between mental stress and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Young women (pre-menopausal) are at high risk of developing CV events in response to mental stress compared to age-matched men. The mechanisms underlying women's increased reactivity and response to stress are mostly unknown. The present review summarizes the known physiological consequences of mental stress in women's CV health and the latest molecular findings of the actions of the primary stress hormones, glucocorticoids, on the CV system. The current data suggest a clear link between psychological stress and heart disease, and women have an increased sensitivity to the harmful effects of stress hormone signaling imbalances. Therefore, it is expected that with the given unprecedented levels of stress associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, women's CV health will be significantly compromised. It is critical to widen our understanding of the direct contribution of mental stress to CVD risk in women and to identify biochemical markers with predictive value for CVD in female patients with/without cardiovascular conditions who have experienced significant mental stress during the current pandemic.
A New Pipeline for Designing Phage Cocktails Based on Phage-Bacteria Infection Networks
Authors: Molina Felipe , Simancas Alfredo , Ramírez Manuel , Tabla Rafael , Roa Isidro , Rebollo José Emilio
Published: February 2021

In recent years, the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and efforts to preserve food microbiota have induced renewed interest in phage therapy. Phage cocktails, instead of a single phage, are commonly used as antibacterial agents since the hosts are unlikely to become resistant to several phages simultaneously. While the spectrum of activity might increase with cocktail complexity, excessive phages could produce side effects, such as the horizontal transfer of genes that augment the fitness of host strains, dysbiosis or high manufacturing costs. Therefore, cocktail formulation represents a compromise between achieving substantial reduction in the bacterial loads and restricting its complexity. Despite the abovementioned points, the observed bacterial load reduction does not increase significantly with the size of phage cocktails, indicating the requirement for a systematic approach to their design. In this work, the information provided by host range matrices was analyzed after building phage-bacteria infection networks (PBINs). To this end, we conducted a meta-analysis of 35 host range matrices, including recently published studies and new datasets comprising Escherichia coli strains isolated during ripening of artisanal raw milk cheese and virulent coliphages from ewes’ feces. The nestedness temperature, which reflects the host range hierarchy of the phages, was determined from bipartite host range matrices using heuristic (Nestedness Temperature Calculator) and genetic (BinMatNest) algorithms. The latter optimizes matrix packing, leading to lower temperatures, i.e., it simplifies the identification of the phages with the broadest host range. The structure of infection networks suggests that generalist phages (and not specialist phages) tend to succeed in infecting less susceptible bacteria. A new metric (Φ), which considers some properties of the host range matrices (fill, temperature, and number of bacteria), is proposed as an estimator of phage cocktail size. To identify the best candidates, agglomerative hierarchical clustering using Ward’s method was implemented. Finally, a cocktail was formulated for the biocontrol of cheese-isolated E. coli, reducing bacterial counts by five orders of magnitude.
The Contribution of Thalamic Nuclei in Salience Processing
Authors: Zhou Kuikui , Zhu Lin , Hou Guoqiang , Chen Xueyu , Chen Bo , Yang Chuanzhong , Zhu Yingjie
Published: February 2021

The brain continuously receives diverse information about the external environment and changes in the homeostatic state. The attribution of salience determines which stimuli capture attention and, therefore, plays an essential role in regulating emotions and guiding behaviors. Although the thalamus is included in the salience network, the neural mechanism of how the thalamus contributes to salience processing remains elusive. In this mini-review, we will focus on recent advances in understanding the specific roles of distinct thalamic nuclei in salience processing. We will summarize the functional connections between thalamus nuclei and other key nodes in the salience network. We will highlight the convergence of neural circuits involved in reward and pain processing, arousal, and attention control in thalamic structures. We will discuss how thalamic activities represent salience information in associative learning and how thalamic neurons modulate adaptive behaviors. Lastly, we will review recent studies which investigate the contribution of thalamic dysfunction to aberrant salience processing in neuropsychiatric disorders, such as drug addiction, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and schizophrenia. Based on emerging evidence from both human and rodent research, we propose that the thalamus, different from previous studies that as an information relay, has a broader role in coordinating the cognitive process and regulating emotions.
Stenting for Symptomatic Intracranial Vertebrobasilar Artery Stenosis in Northeast of China: A Single-Center Study
Authors: Wang Zhongxiu , Wang Chao , Li Chao , Shi Mingchao , Wang Shouchun , Yang Yi
Published: February 2021

Objective: We described the incidence of surgery-related complications to evaluate the safety of endovascular therapy for severe symptomatic intracranial vertebral basilar artery stenosis (IVBS) in our stroke center in Northeast of China.

Methods: Consecutive patients with symptomatic IVBS caused by 70–99% stenosis despite standard medical treatment of antiplatelet agents plus statin were enrolled. Either balloon-mounted stent or balloon predilation plus self-expanding stent was performed. Clinical adverse events such as stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA), and death after the surgery were documented. Radiological events such as in-stent thrombosis, dissection, and guide-wire perforation during the process were recorded as complications as well. The baseline characteristics and outcomes of patients among different Mori types were compared.

Results: From January 2017 to December 2018, 97 patients with stroke or TIA due to intracranial IVBS were treated by stenting, including 30 patients with basilar artery (BA) stenosis, 55 patients with intracranial vertebral artery (V4) stenosis, and 12 patients with V4-BA stenosis. The primary events include two intracranial hemorrhage (2.1%, 2/97), seven ischemic events (7.2%, 7/97), and two death (2.1%, 2/97). The successful stent deployment rate was 98.9% (96/97). The Apollo stents were used more for Mori A lesions. Self-expanding stents were more used in Mori C lesions. Mori C lesions were more vulnerable to endovascular procedure and showed higher rate of complications than A (p = 0.008) and B type (p = 0.047).

Conclusion: A high technical success rate of IVBS stenting could be achieved, and the safety was acceptable, whereas Mori C lesions were more vulnerable to endovascular procedure and showed a higher rate of complications than A and B types.
Preserving Right Pre-motor and Posterior Prefrontal Cortices Contribute to Maintaining Overall Basic Emotion
Authors: Nakajima Riho , Kinoshita Masashi , Okita Hirokazu , Liu Zhanwen , Nakada Mitsutoshi
Published: February 2021

Basic emotions such as happiness, sadness, and anger are universal, regardless of the human species, and are governed by specific brain regions. A recent report revealed that mentalizing, which is the ability to estimate other individuals’ emotional states via facial expressions, can be preserved with the help of awake surgery. However, it is still questionable whether we can maintain the ability to understand others’ emotions by preserving the positive mapping sites of intraoperative assessment. Here, we demonstrated the cortical regions related to basic emotions via awake surgery for patients with frontal glioma and investigated the usefulness of functional mapping in preserving basic emotion. Of the 56 consecutive patients with right cerebral hemispheric glioma who underwent awake surgery at our hospital, intraoperative assessment of basic emotion could be successfully performed in 22 patients with frontal glioma and were included in our study. During surgery, positive responses were found in 18 points in 12 patients (54.5%). Of these, 15 points from 11 patients were found at the cortical level, mainly the premotor and posterior part of the prefrontal cortices. Then, we focused on cortical 15 positive mappings with 40 stimulations and investigated the types of emotions that showed errors by every stimulation. There was no specific rule for the region-emotional type, which was beyond our expectations. In the postoperative acute phase, the test score of basic emotion declined in nine patients, and of these, it decreased under the cut-off value (Z-score ≤ −1.65) in three patients. Although the total score declined significantly just after surgery (p = 0.022), it recovered within 3 months postoperatively. Our study revealed that through direct electrical stimulation (DES), the premotor and posterior parts of the prefrontal cortices are related to various kinds of basic emotion, but not a single one. When the region with a positive mapping site is preserved during operation, basic emotion function might be maintained although it declines transiently after surgery.
Effect of Body Weight and Growth in Early Life on the Reproductive Performances of Holstein Heifers
Authors: Costa Angela , Boselli Carlo , De Marchi Massimo
Published: February 2021

In Italy most dairy cows produce milk for cheese manufacture and are farmed in intensive systems, with free stall barns, milking parlor or robotic milking, total mixed ration and no (or limited) access to pasture. The main objective for farmers is to maximize farm income and minimize farm costs by adopting strategies and ‘best practices’ in the early life of heifers. Monitoring body weight (BW) and fertility of young stock is fundamental to ensure good performances in future dairy cows and to enhance farm profit. In this study BW (kg) and average daily gain (ADG, kg/d) recorded at different stages in early life of 382 Holstein calves were used to estimate associations with fertility traits. Data consisted of BW at birth (BW0), three BWs (BW1, BW2, and BW3) recorded in three phases of calf’s early life, ADG in the three phases (ADGI, ADGII, and ADGIII), ADG of the entire period (ADGI-III), number of services per pregnancy (NS), and age at first calving (AFC). As expected, the four BWs were positively correlated to each. In general, heavier calves were characterized by better fertility compared to lighter calves. Monitoring BW and ADG in replacement heifers starting from the early age is recommended to improve NS and AFC at farm level and could be useful to set up genetic improvement programs. Future studies will benefit from the addition of milk-related traits and the increase of sample size (number of farms).
Methylene Blue Bridges the Inhibition and Produces Unusual Respiratory Changes in Complex III-Inhibited Mitochondria. Studies on Rats, Mice and Guinea Pigs
Authors: Sváb Gergely , Kokas Márton , Sipos Ildikó , Ambrus Attila , Tretter László
Published: February 2021

Methylene blue (MB) is used in human therapy in various pathological conditions. Its effects in neurodegenerative disease models are promising. MB acts on multiple cellular targets and mechanisms, but many of its potential beneficial effects are ascribed to be mitochondrial. According to the “alternative electron transport” hypothesis, MB is capable of donating electrons to cytochrome c bypassing complex I and III. As a consequence of this, the deleterious effects of the inhibitors of complex I and III can be ameliorated by MB. Recently, the beneficial effects of MB exerted on complex III-inhibited mitochondria were debated. In the present contribution, several pieces of evidence are provided towards that MB is able to reduce cytochrome c and improve bioenergetic parameters, like respiration and membrane potential, in mitochondria treated with complex III inhibitors, either antimycin or myxothiazol. These conclusions were drawn from measurements for mitochondrial oxygen consumption, membrane potential, NAD(P)H steady state, MB uptake and MB-cytochrome c oxidoreduction. In the presence of MB and complex III inhibitors, unusual respiratory reactions, like decreased oxygen consumption as a response to ADP addition as well as stimulation of respiration upon administration of inhibitors of ATP synthase or ANT, were observed. Qualitatively identical results were obtained in three rodent species. The actual metabolic status of mitochondria is well reflected in the distribution of MB amongst various compartments of this organelle.