bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contact allergy to oxidised geraniol may be over‐represented in individuals with photocontact allergy to ketoprofen
Authors: Bruze Magnus , Marmgren Victoria , Zimerson Erik , Antelmi Annarita , Svedman Cecilia , Mowitz Martin
Published: October 2023

Background

Simultaneous overrepresentations of contact allergies and photocontact allergies are common in individuals with photocontact allergy to ketoprofen.

Aims

To investigate whether contact allergy to oxidised (ox.) geraniol, geraniol, geranial, neral and citral is overrepresented in individuals with photocontact allergy to ketoprofen.

Methods

The contact allergy rates to ox. geraniol, geraniol, geranial, neral and citral in routinely patch tested dermatitis patients were compared with the corresponding rates in individuals with photocontact allergy to ketoprofen.

Results

Allergic patch test reactions were noted to ox. geraniol 11% (n = 39, 5.8%), ox. geraniol 6% (n = 12, 1.8%), geraniol 6% (n = 2, 0.3%), geranial (n = 18, 2.7%), neral (n = 7, 1.0%) and citral (n = 15, 2.2%). In those four patients who were diagnosed with photocontact allergy to ketoprofen during the test period, a significant overrepresentation (p = 0.020) of simultaneous contact allergy to ox. geraniol 11% was demonstrated. Overrepresentation of simultaneous contact allergy to various combinations of ox. geraniol, ox. limonene and ox. linalool was also noted in ketoprofen‐photoallergic patients.

Conclusions

Contact allergy to ox. geraniol, geranial and citral is common in routinely tested dermatitis patients. There is an overrepresentation of simultaneous contact allergy to ox. geraniol, ox. limonene and ox. linalool in patients with photocontact allergy to ketoprofen.
Juckreiz, Schlafstörungen, depressive Symptome, Fatigue und Einschränkungen der Arbeitsproduktivität bei Patienten mit moderater bis schwerer atopischer Dermatitis: Daten aus dem TREATgermany‐Register
Authors: Birkner Thomas , Siegels Doreen , Heinrich Luise , Haufe Eva , Abraham Susanne , Heratizadeh Annice , Harder Inken , Bell Magnus , Fell Isabell , Worm Margitta , Handrick Christiane , Effendy Isaak , Asmussen Andrea , Kleinheinz Andreas , Homey Bernhard , Sticherling Michael , Hong‐Weldemann Sung‐Hei , Augustin Matthias , Weisshaar Elke , Schäkel Knut , Schaefer Thomas , Schwarz Beate , Wiemers Franca , Brücher Jens‐Joachim , Quist Sven , Wollenberg Andreas , Biedermann Tilo , Ertner Konstantin , von Kiedrowski Ralph , Werfel Thomas , Weidinger Stephan , Schmitt Jochen ,   und die TREATgermany‐Studiengruppe
Published: October 2023

Hintergrund

TREATgermany ist ein multizentrisches Register, das Patienten mit moderater bis schwerer atopischer Dermatitis (AD) aus derzeit 74 Studienzentren (Universitätskliniken, Krankenhäuser und Praxen) in Deutschland umfasst. Bis zum 31. August 2021 wurden 1.230 erwachsene Patienten eingeschlossen.

Methoden

In TREATgermany füllen Patienten und Ärzte Fragebögen zu Symptomen, Krankheitsschwere, Lebensqualität, Depressivität und Fatigue aus. Die Einschränkungen der Arbeitsleistung werden insbesondere mit dem Work Limitations Questionnaire (WLQ) erfasst. Um Assoziationen zwischen beruflicher Leistung/Arbeitseinschränkungen und Symptomen zu bestimmen, wurden Korrelationen und Regressionsmodelle berechnet.

Ergebnisse

Die untersuchte Stichprobe von 228 berufstätigen Patienten beschrieb einen durchschnittlichen Produktivitätsverlust von 6% bei der Arbeit innerhalb der letzten zwei Wochen vor der Aufnahme in das Register. Der WLQ‐Wert für den Produktivitätsverlust war moderat mit Juckreiz (r = 0,32) und Schlafstörungen (r = 0,39) und stark mit depressiven Symptomen (r = 0,68) und Fatigue (r = 0,60) korreliert.

Schlussfolgerungen

Die Analysen der Registerdaten zeigen, dass eine moderate bis schwere AD einen negativen Einfluss auf die Arbeitsproduktivität der Patienten hat. Die Analysen weisen außerdem auf die relevanten Zusammenhänge zwischen Arbeitsproduktivität, depressiven Symptomen und Fatigue hin, was die durch die psychologischen Komponenten der AD verursachte Krankheitslast verdeutlicht.
Multiple minute digitate hyperkeratosis: 10 years from Caccetta's algorithm. A case report and narrative review
Authors: Prados‐Carmona Alvaro , Prados‐Carmona Juan José , Ruiz‐Villaverde Ricardo , Navarro‐Triviño Francisco José
Published: October 2023

To date, the clinical appearance and histological features of multiple minute digitate hyperkeratosis have been well characterized. However, there is no consensus on its treatment. After a comprehensive search of the databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library and Database of Systematic Reviews, we have summarized the available clinical evidence regarding the therapeutic approaches already reported for this entity since its first description in 1967. Additional publications were identified within the references of retrieved papers. Sixty‐five articles have been revised, resulting in a total of 73 compatible cases. The histopathological features and different classifications used through history have also been considered, updating and completing the available knowledge. Ultimately, we propose topical treatment with 5 % 5‐fluorouracil formulated with 10 % salicylic acid as a potential treatment that has been used successfully in a 51‐year‐old woman at our facility. Further research in form of prospective or comparative studies is encouraged for a better conceptualization of the therapeutics of this disease.
Race and the Income‐Achievement Gap
Authors: Bacic Ryan , Zheng Angela
Published: October 2023

A large literature documents a positive correlation between parental income and child test scores. In this paper, we study whether this relationship, the dependence of the cognitive skills of children on the socioeconomic resources of their parents, varies across race. Using education data linked to tax records, we find that the income‐achievement gap is small for East Asian children while significantly larger for Indigenous children. School‐level factors explains a large portion of the variation in the gap across race. Our results suggest that the large income‐achievement gap for Indigenous students stems partially from inequality in special needs diagnoses.
Pregnancy outcomes for women with myasthenia gravis and their newborns: A nationwide register‐based cohort study
Authors: O'Connor Laura , Malmeström Clas , Da Silva Rodrigues Rui , Brauner Susanna , Wikström Anna‐Karin , Punga Anna Rostedt
Published: October 2023

Background and Purpose

Few large‐scale studies examine whether maternal myasthenia gravis (MG) is a risk factor for complications during pregnancy and childbirth. This study evaluated whether maternal MG is associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy, delivery, and neonatal outcomes.

Methods

We conducted a nationwide Swedish register‐based cohort study of women who gave birth to singleton infants (≥22 gestational weeks) during 1987–2019. Exposed women were diagnosed with MG before or during the index pregnancy (N = 443). Unexposed women comprised 4249 women without a diagnosis of MG, matched for age, parity, hospital, and year of childbirth. The risks of adverse pregnancy, delivery, and neonatal outcomes for women with MG were estimated using regression modeling and presented as adjusted odds ratios (aOR).

Results

There was no increased risk of pregnancy complications in women with MG. Women with MG had a spontaneous onset of labor less often than women without MG (69.8% vs. 79.5%; aOR 0.59; p < 0.001) as well as higher labor induction rates and elective cesarean section deliveries (16.0% vs. 12.3%, aOR 1.42; p = 0.02 and 12.0% vs. 8.1%, aOR 1.59; p = 0.009). Infants of women with MG were born on average 2 days earlier (p = 0.002); however, these infants did not have a higher risk of having low APGAR, being small for gestational age, or having a congenital malformation.

Conclusion

This first nationwide study of pregnancy in women with MG in Sweden demonstrates reassuring results overall, suggesting generally safe pregnancy outcomes for women with MG and their infants.
THE TIME OF POLITICS, THE POLITICS OF TIME, AND POLITICIZED TIME: AN INTRODUCTION TO CHRONOPOLITICS
Authors: Esposito Fernando , Becker Tobias
Published: October 2023

Time is so deeply interwoven with all aspects of politics that its centrality to the political is frequently overlooked. For one, politics has its own times and rhythms. Secondly, time can be an object and an instrument of politics. Thirdly, temporal attributes are used not only to differentiate basic political principles but also to legitimize or delegitimize politics. Finally, politics aims at realizing futures in the present or preventing them from materializing. Consequently, the relationship between politics and time encompasses a broad spectrum of phenomena and processes that cry out for historicization. In our introduction to this History and Theory theme issue on chronopolitics, we argue that the concept of chronopolitics makes it possible to do this and, in the process, to move the operation of rethinking historical temporalities from the periphery toward the center of historiographical attention as well as to engage in a dialogue with scholars from a wide range of disciplines. To this end, we propose a broad concept of chronopolitics by discussing existing definitions, by distinguishing between three central dimensions of chronopolitics (the time of politics, the politics of time, and politicized time), and by systematizing possible approaches to studying chronopolitics.
Anti‐skin ageing activities of rice (Oryza sativa) bran soft and hard waxes in cultured skin cells
Authors: Chaikul Puxvadee , Kanlayavattanakul Mayuree , Khongkow Mattaka , Jantimaporn Angkana , Lourith Nattaya
Published: October 2023

Objective

Rice (Oryza sativa) bran waxes, the by‐products of rice bran oil manufacturing, are widely used as inactive components in several preparations. Nevertheless, the function of rice bran waxes against skin ageing has never been reported. This study aimed to investigate thermal property and fatty acid profile of rice bran waxes, including rice bran soft (RBS) and hard (RBH) waxes, and the activities against skin ageing in cultured skin cells.

Methods

Thermal property and fatty acid profile of rice bran waxes were analysed by differential scanning calorimetry and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, respectively. The cytotoxicity assay of waxes was performed in B16F10 melanoma cells, human skin fibroblasts and co‐culture cells of HaCaT cells and human skin fibroblasts. The non‐cytotoxic concentrations of waxes were evaluated for their activities against skin ageing, including melanogenesis assay, antioxidant activity, collagen content analysis, matrix metalloproteinase‐1 and matrix metalloproteinase‐2 inhibitory assay and anti‐inflammatory activity.

Results

Thermal property indicated the endotherm peaks with melting temperatures at 40.89 ± 0.27°C and 69.64 ± 0.34°C for RBS and RBH, respectively. The main fatty acids in RBS were oleic (31.68 ± 0.75%) and linoleic acids (27.19 ± 0.40%), whereas those in RBH were palmitic (36.24 ± 1.08%) and stearic acids (35.21 ± 4.51%). The cytotoxicity assay in single cells and co‐culture cells showed the non‐cytotoxicity of RBS (0.0001–1 mg/mL) and RBH (0.0001–0.1 mg/mL). The anti‐skin ageing activities of 1 mg/mL RBS and 0.1 mg/mL RBH included the melanogenesis inhibition by suppression of tyrosinase and tyrosinase‐related protein‐2 enzymes, the antioxidant activity by cellular protection against cell damage and cell death, the collagen stimulation, the matrix metalloproteinase‐1 and matrix metalloproteinase‐2 suppression and the anti‐inflammation.

Conclusions

The study results suggest that RBS and RBH can potentially be applied as the functional ingredients in formulations against skin ageing as well as provide the superior benefit on skin moisturization.
Predicting prognosis in patients with stroke treated with intravenous alteplase through blood pressure changes: A machine learning‐based approach
Authors: Fan Kaiting , Cao Wenya , Chang Hong , Tian Fei
Published: October 2023

The use of machine learning (ML) in predicting disease prognosis has increased, and researchers have adopted different methods for variable selection to optimize early screening for AIS to determine its prognosis as soon as possible. We aimed to improve the understanding of the predictors of poor functional outcome at three months after discharge in AIS patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis and to construct a highly effective prognostic model to improve prediction accuracy. And four ML methods (random forest, support vector machine, naive Bayesian, and logistic regression) were used to screen and recombine the features for construction of an ML prognostic model. A total of 352 patients that had experienced AIS and had been treated with intravenous thrombolysis were recruited. The variables included in the model were NIHSS on admission, age, white blood cell count, percentage of neutrophils and triglyceride after thrombolysis, tirofiban, early neurological deterioration, early neurological improvement, and BP at each time point or period. The model's area under the curve for predicting 30‐day modified Rankin scale was 0.790 with random forest, 0.542 with support vector machine, 0.411 with naive Bayesian, and 0.661 with logistic regression. The random forest model was shown to accurately evaluate the prognosis of AIS patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis, and therefore they may be helpful for accurate and personalized secondary prevention. The model offers improved prediction accuracy that may reduce rates of misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis in patients with AIS.
Gpr75 knockout mice display age‐dependent cone photoreceptor cell loss
Authors: Vasudevan Sreelakshmi , Samuels Ivy S. , Park Paul S.‐H.
Published: October 2023

GPR75 is an orphan G protein‐coupled receptor for which there is currently limited information and its function in physiology and disease is only recently beginning to emerge. This orphan receptor is expressed in the retina but its function in the eye is unknown. The earliest studies on GPR75 were conducted in the retina, where the receptor was first identified and cloned and mutations in the receptor were identified as a possible contributor to retinal degenerative disease. Despite these sporadic reports, the function of GPR75 in the retina and in retinal disease has yet to be explored. To assess whether GPR75 has a functional role in the retina, the retina of Gpr75 knockout mice was characterized. Knockout mice displayed a mild progressive retinal degeneration, which was accompanied by oxidative stress. The degeneration was because of the loss of both M‐cone and S‐cone photoreceptor cells. Housing mice under constant dark conditions reduced oxidative stress but did not prevent cone photoreceptor cell loss, indicating that oxidative stress is not a primary cause of the observed retinal degeneration. Studies here demonstrate an important role for GPR75 in maintaining the health of cone photoreceptor cells and that Gpr75 knockout mice can be used as a model to study cone photoreceptor cell loss.

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Decision‐making in nursing research and practice—Application of the Cognitive Continuum Theory: A meta‐aggregative systematic review
Authors: O'Connor Tricia , Gibson Jo , Lewis Joanne , Strickland Karen , Paterson Catherine
Published: October 2023

Aim

To explore how the Cognitive Continuum Theory has been used in qualitative nursing research and to what extent it has been integrated in the research process using the Qualitative Network for Theory Use and Methodology (QUANTUM).

Background

Theory, research and nursing are intrinsically linked, as are decision‐making and nursing practice. With increasing pressure on nurses to improve patient outcomes, systematic knowledge regarding decision‐making is critical and urgent.

Design

A meta‐aggregative systematic review.

Methods

Databases

CINAHL, Medline, PsycINFO, Embase and PubMed were searched from inception until May 2022 for peer‐reviewed research published in English.

Seven studies were included and assessed for methodological quality using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist for qualitative research. A meta‐aggregative synthesis was conducted using Joanna Briggs methodology. The QUANTUM typology was used to evaluate the visibility of the Cognitive Continuum Theory in the research process.

Results

The review identified five synthesised findings, namely: 1. the decision‐making capacity of the individual nurse, 2. nurses’ level of experience, 3. availability of decision support tools, 4. the availability of resources and 5. access to senior staff and peers. Only two of seven studies rigorously applied the theory. The included studies were mainly descriptive‐exploratory in nature.

Conclusion

The transferability of the Cognitive Continuum Theory was demonstrated; however, evolution or critique was absent. A gap in the provision of a patient‐centric approach to decision‐making was identified. Education, support and research is needed to assist decision‐making.

A new Person‐Centred Nursing Model of the Cognitive Continuum Theory has been proposed to guide future research in clinical decision‐making.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Nurses make numerous decisions every day that directly impact patient care, therefore development and testing of new theories, modification and revision of older theories to reflect advances in knowledge and technology in contemporary health care are essential.
Localization of beta catenin across the domain of odontogenic lesions: A systematic review
Authors: Chatterjee Shreya , Devi Anju , Kamboj Mala , Narwal Anjali
Published: October 2023

Background

CTNNB1 gene encodes beta catenin, a transcriptional activator of Wnt pathway involved in the pathogenesis of odontogenic lesions. Though located intramembranously, its translocation into cytoplasm and nucleus could trigger cell proliferation, inhibition of apoptosis, invasion and migration of the tumour cell.

Materials and Methods

Five electronic databases including MEDLINE by PubMed, Google scholar, Scopus, Trip, Cochrane library and EMBASE until 1 January 2023 without period restriction were thoroughly searched. Those articles that identified CTNNB1 mutation and beta catenin in odontogenic lesions were included for review. Risk of bias was analysed for each study using QUADAS 2 tool and Review Manager 5.3 was used to output its result.

Results

Thirty four published articles were included for data synthesis. A total of 1092 cases of odontogenic lesions were assessed for both CTNNB1 mutation and beta catenin expression. CTNNB1 mutation was observed in ameloblastoma, calcifying odontogenic cyst, calcifying cystic odontogenic tumour and all malignant odontogenic tumours. The beta catenin expression (nuclear and cytoplasmic) was maximum in odontogenic keratocyst and calcifying odontogenic cyst. The expression was variable in ameloblastomas, membranous in odontomas, calcifying cystic odontogenic tumour and nuclear in all malignant tumours.

Discussion and Conclusion

High recurrence of odontogenic keratocyst and aggressiveness of solid ameloblastoma and malignant odontogenic tumours could be associated with the nuclear translocation of beta catenin. Disparity between CTNNB1 mutation and beta catenin expression within odontogenic lesions suggests alternate routes of beta catenin activation. The review results support the unique localisation of beta catenin as a helpful diagnostic factor in the pathogenesis of odontogenic lesions.
Medium‐term antifungal effects of methylene blue versus flavin mononucleotide in the treatment of moderate toenail onychomycosis
Authors: Gómez Clara , Schuele Georg , Alberdi Enrique
Published: October 2023

Background

Methylene blue (MB) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN)‐mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) have demonstrated local antimicrobial effect, but no direct comparative study has been published so far for the treatment of toenail onychomycosis.

Objectives

To directly compare the short and medium‐term efficacy of MB versus FMN as photosensitizers in PDT for toenail onychomycosis by applying them in a 40% w/w urea cream in two different dye concentrations.

Methods

Forty toenails with distal and lateral subungual moderate onychomycosis due to dermatophyte fungi were randomised to receive 10 weekly sessions of PDT mediated by four topical formulations including MB or FMN at two different concentrations: Group I: 0.1% w/w MB; Group II: 2% w/w MB; Group III: 0.1% w/w FMN; and Group IV: 2% w/w FMN. Photographs were used for onychomycosis severity index (OSI) estimation allowing clinical assessment at any point of the study. Microscopic and microbiological evaluations were carried out at baseline, 27‐ and 35‐week follow‐ups. Side effects were recorded along with patient satisfaction.

Results

At week 27, mycological cure rates were 60%, 30%, 50% and 40% and complete cure rates were 0%, 20%, 10% and 20%, for Groups I, II, III and IV respectively. At week 35, mycological cure rates were 70%, 70%, 70% and 60% and complete cure rates were 30%, 50%, 70% and 30%, for Groups I, II, III and IV respectively. All cream formulations were safe and patients were fairly satisfied.

Conclusions

Results of the present work confirm PDT as a therapeutic alternative for onychomycosis. Although all cream formulations were safe and effective, with a good degree of satisfaction, higher cure rates were obtained with 2% w/w MB cream and 0.1% w/w FMN cream.
Nitric oxide is involved in the regulation of guard mother cell division by inhibiting the synthesis of ACC
Authors: Zhou Lijuan , Yu Shuangshuang , Liu Yue , Wang Yanyan , Wen Yuanyuan , Zhang Zijing , Ru Yanyu , He Zhaorong , Chen Xiaolan
Published: October 2023

A stoma forms by a series of asymmetric divisions of stomatal lineage precursor cell and the terminal division of a guard mother cell (GMC). GMC division is restricted to once through genetic regulation mechanisms. Here, we show that nitric oxide (NO) is involved in the regulation of the GMC division. NO donor treatment results in the formation of single guard cells (SGCs). SGCs are also produced in plants that accumulate high NO, whereas clustered guard cells (GCs) appear in plants with low NO accumulation. NO treatment promotes the formation of SGCs in the stomatal signalling mutants sdd1, epf1 epf2, tmm1, erl1 erl2 and er erl1 erl2, reduces the cell number per stomatal cluster in the fama‐1 and flp1 myb88, but has no effect on stomatal of cdkb1;1 cyca2;234. Aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid (ACC), a positive regulator of GMC division, reduces the NO‐induced SGC formation. Further investigation found NO inhibits ACC synthesis by repressing the expression of several ACC SYNTHASE (ACS) genes, and in turn ACC represses NO accumulation by promoting the expression of HEMOGLOBIN 1 (HB1) encoding a NO scavenger. This work shows NO plays a role in the regulation of GMC division by modulating ACC accumulation in the Arabidopsis cotyledon.
Stitching a rights narrative: How Syrian women in Shatila use embroidery to express ideas about social justice
Authors: Verclyte Sofie , Destrooper Tine
Published: October 2023

Human rights can be seen as a means to improve people's lived realities. Yet the language and practice of human rights are not always moored in these realities. What happens to the meaning of human rights when these are expressed in (partly non‐verbal) ways that are deeply rooted in lived—embodied, material, and cultural—realities, and how does that practice transform ideas about rights? In this article, we describe how women from Syrian refugee communities living in the Shatila refugee camp in Beirut use the skilled practice of embroidery to express and negotiate what they consider to be their rights and what they are entitled to. In doing so, they foreground a deeply indivisible, multi‐layered, and multi‐perspectival understanding of justice and more specifically of how they understand their rights. These perspectives, we argue, are intrinsically rooted in the embodied, material, and cultural practice through which they emerge, and offer avenues for enriching human rights debates.
Daytime dads and do‐it‐all dads: Understanding lead‐dad families
Authors: Hagaman Natasha
Published: October 2023

One of the factors that perpetuates gender inequality is the inequitable division of household labor, and particularly the division of childcare labor. Even when women are employed outside the home, many remain primarily responsible for household duties and childcare. There is little research on the household division of labor and childcare in lead‐dad households. I use the term “lead dad” to refer to a father, with or without an outside job, who takes primary responsibility for the household and children. This research explores how different lead‐dad households operate, examining how two types of lead‐dad households handle childcare and household chores, and what this means for the mother's domestic workload. From interviews with married or cohabitating heterosexual parents of children under five where fathers do most of the childcare, I find that lead‐dad households come in two forms: some dads do‐it‐all and some do not (daytime dads). The key difference between do‐it‐all dads and daytime dads is that do‐it‐all dads take care of almost all household chores and childcare. Meanwhile, daytime dads' primary focus is on taking care of the kids while mom is at work. However, even in households where dads “do it all,” moms are still heavily involved in the cognitive labor required to operate a household (e.g., planning playdates and scheduling summer camps). These findings have important implications for the study of the household division of labor and parenting expectations of mothers and fathers, exemplifying how gendered expectations do not necessarily swap when lead‐parent roles are reversed.
Update on the role of genetic factors, environmental factors and allergens in canine atopic dermatitis
Authors: Hensel Patrick , Saridomichelakis Manolis , Eisenschenk Melissa , Tamamoto‐Mochizuki Chie , Pucheu‐Haston Cherie , Santoro Domenico ,   for the International Committee on Allergic Diseases of Animals (ICADA)
Published: October 2023

Background

Canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) is a common, complex and multifactorial disease involving, among others, genetic predisposition, environmental factors and allergic sensitisation.

Objective

This review summarises the current evidence on the role of genetic and environmental factors and allergic sensitisation in the pathogenesis of cAD since the last review by ICADA in 2015.

Materials and Methods

Online citation databases and proceedings from international meetings on genetic factors, environmental factors and allergens relevant to cAD that had been published between 2015 and 2022 were reviewed.

Results

Despite intensive research efforts, the detailed genetic background predisposing to cAD and the effect of a wide range of environmental factors still need more clarification. Genome‐wide association studies and investigations on genetic biomarkers, such as microRNAs, have provided some new information. Environmental factors appear to play a major role. Lifestyle, especially during puppyhood, appears to have an important impact on the developing immune system. Factors such as growing up in a rural environment, large size of family, contact with other animals, and a nonprocessed meat‐based diet may reduce the risk for subsequent development of cAD. It appears that Toxocara canis infection may have a protective effect against Dermatophagoides farinae‐induced cAD. House dust mites (D. farinae and D. pteronyssinus) remain the most common allergen group to which atopic dogs react. Currently, the major allergens related to D. farinae in dogs include Der f 2, Der f 15, Der f 18 and Zen 1.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

Canine atopic dermatitis remains a complex, genetically heterogeneous disease that is influenced by multiple environmental factors. Further, well‐designed studies are necessary to shed more light on the role of genetics, environmental factors and major allergens in the pathogenesis of cAD.
THE QURʾĀN AND SCIENCE, PART I: THE PREMODERN ERA
Authors: Daneshgar Majid
Published: October 2023

As the first installment in a three‐part series on the Qurʾān and science, this article begins with the author's personal and scholarly experiences to demonstrate the importance of the twin trends of Qurʾānic scientific interpretation and Qurʾānic scientific miraculousness, including how both serve as Muslims theological tools. It then touches upon the close relationship between theology and scientific knowledge in the history of Islam. The main focus concerns how science is situated and defined in Islamic literature, with particular references to traditional Muslim commentaries and treatises. It also concerns the way Muslim exegetical figures and traditionalists are encouraged or discouraged from taking science into account based on the Qurʾān and prophetic traditions.
THE QURʾĀN AND SCIENCE, PART II: SCIENTIFIC INTERPRETATIONS FROM NORTH AFRICA TO CHINA, BENGAL, AND THE MALAY‐INDONESIAN WORLD
Authors: Daneshgar Majid
Published: October 2023

The second installment in a three‐part series on the Qurʾān and science, this article provides a systematic discussion of the scientific interpretation of the Qurʾān both inside and outside the Muslim world. This discussion reveals how Muslims’ interactions with Euro‐Americans have kept discourse on the Qurʾān and science alive. It also demonstrates how Muslims promoted this exegetical genre transregionally from the Middle East to Southeast Asia.
Subalgebras, subgroups, and singularity
Authors: Amrutam Tattwamasi , Hartman Yair
Published: October 2023

This paper is concerned with the noncommutative analog of the normal subgroup theorem for certain groups. Inspired by Kalantar and Panagopoulos (arXiv:2108.02928, 2021, 16), we show that all ‐invariant subalgebras of and are (‐)coamenable. The groups we work with satisfy a singularity phenomenon described by Bader et al. (Invent. Math. 229 (2022), 929–985). The setup of singularity allows us to obtain a description of ‐invariant intermediate von Neumann subalgebras in terms of the normal subgroups of .
Advancement in Staphylococcus aureus Detection Using a RPA-CRISPR-Cas12a Fluorescent Assay Technology
Authors: Zeinulin M. , Amanzholova M. , Shaizadinova A. , Abeldenov S.
Published: October 2023

This study explores the utility of CRISPR/Cas-based diagnostics for the precise identification of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), particularly when integrated with recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA). S. aureus, a versatile Gram-positive bacterium, presents significant challenges due to its antibiotic resistance and its capacity to cause a variety of infections. While existing diagnostic methods provide accuracy, they often involve time-consuming procedures and require specialized equipment. Our research introduces a promising approach that leverages the specificity of CRISPR/Cas technology to target genetic sequences, enabling the precise detection of S. aureus. Through the synergistic combination of CRISPR/Cas and RPA, we expedite the detection process, allowing for rapid and highly sensitive identification of the pathogen's genetic material. Notably, our investigation demonstrates excellent results for the gsa and arcC genes, affirming the potential of this method as a dependable and highly sensitive molecular diagnostic tool. When compared to traditional diagnostic methods such as microbiology and PCR, our approach offers advantages in terms of speed and sensitivity. Additionally, the inclusion of RPA as a pre-amplification step enhances the accuracy of nucleic acid detection. While our study represents an initial step in technological advancement, it highlights the potential of CRISPR/Cas-based diagnostics to revolutionize disease detection and management. The RPA-CRISPR/Cas has the potential for detecting a wide range of diseases and pathogens, with broad applications in both medical and scientific fields.
Screening of new wheat cultivars originating from Kazakhstan for stem and leaf rust resistance genes using PCR markers
Authors: Kurymbayeva N. , Maulenbay A. , Kurmangali A. , Yskakova G. , Savin T. , Rsaliyev A.
Published: October 2023

Leaf and stem rust that infect wheat lines are the most prevalent and damaging fungal diseases affecting the wheat production rates globally. One of the efficient and economically wise ways of controlling the disease progression is the breeding resistant wheat varieties. Use of molecular markers associated with resistance genes, might be useful for identifying the varieties, that carry the specific resistant genes. Sixty-four wheat cultivars and lines provided by domestic agricultural experimental stations were examined using DNA-markers for the presence of leaf (Lr) and stem (Sr) rust resistance genes. The reactions were carried out using eight pairs of different primers. Six Lr genes (Lr10, Lr13, Lr16, Lr19 and Lr39) responsible for wheat resistance were detected using PCR. The molecular marker detection demonstrated the presence of a combination of several Lr genes, particularly Lr16, Lr34 and Lr39 in the fifteen spring wheat accessions.  Six varieties in the nursery of spring soft wheat from KarabAES, two varieties from AktAES (Ekada 113, Lin. 225/21g.) and seven varieties from NorthKazAES (435/Lut 2, 659/12, 486/Lut 22, 23/07, Erith 42/12, 453 SP-2/19) carried the combination these three genes.
Fluid Dynamic Behavior of Conventional and Pressure Relieving Brush Seals
Authors: Bowen Joshua P. , Bird Joshua J. , Cross Harry , Jenkins Matthew R. , Bowsher Aaron A. , Crudgington Peter F. , Sangan Carl M. , Scobie James A.
Published: October 2023

Brush seals consist of a static ring of densely packed, flexible, fine wire bristles that provide resistance to the flow. Pressure relieving brush seals can be employed to overcome issues such as hysteresis that affect seal durability by reducing friction between the bristle pack and back plate surface. The impact of such designs on the fluid dynamic behavior of brush seals was studied following a concomitant methodology that exploited the benefits of both engine representative and large-scale testing facilities. Leakage data were fitted using a porous medium model found in the literature to quantify viscous and inertial resistance coefficients. Shaft rotation was shown to cause a reduction in seal leakage and an increase in static pressure on the back plate surface. The pressure relieving back plates also resulted in increased static pressures at this location, causing a reduction in flow resistance that increased leakage through the porous bristle pack. Interrogation of the large-scale inter-bristle pressure field for the two back plate designs revealed the distributions of axial pressure diverged toward the rear of the bristle pack. The detail gathered using the large-scale study has been shown to be representative; hence, the insight is generically applicable to brush seals.
Axial Compressor Map Generation Leveraging Autonomous Self-Training Artificial Intelligence. Phase 2
Authors: Burlaka Maksym , Podlech Sascha , Moroz Leonid
Published: October 2023

This paper discusses a study performed by SoftInWay as part of a Phase II SBIR project funded by NASA. In contrast with the Phase I project (Burlaka and Moroz, 2023, “Axial Compressor Map Generation Leveraging Autonomous Self-Training Artificial Intelligence,” ASME J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power, 145(1), p. 011001) where three discrete compressors were considered, the Phase II study was focused on addressing the problem of axial compressor long development time and cost with the use of AI models capable of predicting the geometry and performance of various multistage axial compressors with multiple variable vanes. The applicability of the AI models to various compressors enables the opportunity to avoid iterations between engine cycle analysis and compressor design. In this paper, automated compressor design and performance generation workflows are described. The approach for autonomous selection of the architectures and hyperparameters of Machine Learning (ML) models is explained. The uncertainty quantification techniques are considered. The developed ML-powered methods for compressor geometry prediction are discussed. The ML models' accuracy values and representations of typical geometry and performance predictions are given. The utilization of the ML models in engine cycle analysis is discussed.
Mechanistic analysis on low temperature thermal atomic layer deposition of nitrides utilizing H2S
Authors: Lee Jinwoo , Lee Soo Hyun , Shong Bonggeun
Published: October 2023

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) enables the deposition of thin films with excellent step coverage and conformality that are required for nanoscale semiconductor devices. For ALD of nitrides, the high thermal budget required to eliminate impurities in the deposited films is often an issue. Recently, an alternative three-step recipe for thermal ALD of nitrides is reported to simultaneously decrease both the deposition temperature and the impurity contamination, by introducing H2S between chloride precursors and NH3 reactants. In this study, a theoretical analysis is conducted on comparing direct versus three-step alternative reaction paths for thermal ALD of nitrides using density functional theory calculations. The introduction of H2S would enhance the ligand-exchange reaction for nitrides of Al, Ti, and Zr by modifying the reaction scheme to involve a greater number of steps for each lower activation energy required. However, SiN ALD is expected to be hindered by H2S. Our study may be utilized for the development of a new efficient method for ALD of nitride thin films at lower process temperatures.
Visual information affects adaptation to novel talkers: Ethnicity-specific and ethnicity-independent learning of L2-accented speech
Authors: Aoki Nicholas B. , Zellou Georgia
Published: October 2023

Prior work demonstrates that exposure to speakers of the same accent facilitates comprehension of a novel talker with the same accent (accent-specific learning). Moreover, exposure to speakers of multiple different accents enhances understanding of a talker with a novel accent (accent-independent learning). Although bottom-up acoustic information about accent constrains adaptation to novel talkers, the effect of top-down social information remains unclear. The current study examined effects of apparent ethnicity on adaptation to novel L2-accented (“non-native”) talkers while keeping bottom-up information constant. Native English listeners transcribed sentences in noise for three Mandarin-accented English speakers and then a fourth (novel) Mandarin-accented English speaker. Transcription accuracy of the novel talker improves when: all speakers are presented with east Asian faces (ethnicity-specific learning); the exposure speakers are paired with different, non-east Asian ethnicities and the novel talker has an east Asian face (ethnicity-independent learning). However, accuracy does not improve when all speakers have White faces or when the exposure speakers have White faces and the test talker has an east Asian face. This study demonstrates that apparent ethnicity affects adaptation to novel L2-accented talkers, thus underscoring the importance of social expectations in perceptual learning and cross-talker generalization.
Transient Ischemic Attack in a 22-Year-Old NCAA Division I Baseball Athlete: A Case Study
Authors: Luera Daisy , Snarr Ronald L. , Posson Sara , Liras Ioannis , Liras George , Filep Erica M.
Published: October 2023

Context: A healthy, 22-year-old, male NCAA Division I baseball shortstop was experiencing confusion, chest pain, and tightness during an off-season intersquad scrimmage. The patient did not have any significant medical history or mechanism of head injury. After initial evaluation from the athletic trainer, the patient’s cognitive status began to quickly decline. The emergency action plan was put in place rapidly and referred the patient to the local emergency clinic. Case Presentation: Upon arrival at the emergency department, an electrocardiogram was performed to rule out myocardial infarction or stroke. The first electrocardiogram results returned negative for any cardiac pathology, but a stroke alert was called. The patient was then transported to a level II trauma center due to continual cognitive decline. The patient was diagnosed with transient ischemic attack (TIA) secondary to an undiagnosed patent foramen ovale (PFO) that would later be diagnosed with further evaluation 2 months after the initial TIA incident. After multiple diagnostic and laboratory tests, the PFO went undetected until a 2D echocardiogram was performed and evaluated by a cardiologist. Management and Outcomes: After the confirmation of the congenital defect, surgical intervention was performed to correct the PFO using catheterization. Despite multiple preparticipation examinations, electrocardiograms, and examination of past family history, the PFO went undetected until the patient experienced symptoms of TIA. The discovery of PFO in this 22-year-old athletic individual is unusual because traditional screening techniques (electrocardiogram and preparticipation examinations) failed to detect the congenital defect. Conclusions: Due to the emergent and timely actions of the athletic trainer, the patient has made a full recovery and is able to compete fully in athletic events. This case study amplifies the need for athletic trainers at all sporting events, updated and reviewed emergency action plans, rapid recognition of TIA in athletic individuals, and return-to-play protocol for an athletic individual after TIA.
The whole-genome molecular epidemiology of sequential isolates of
Acinetobacter baumannii
colonizing the rectum of patients in an adult intensive care unit of a tertiary hospital
Authors: Bulach Dieter , Carter Glen P. , Li Lucy , Al-Hashem Ghayda , Rotimi Vincent O. , Albert M. John
Published: October 2023

Acinetobacter baumannii
is a nosocomial multidrug-resistant pathogen that specifically colonizes and infects patients in intensive care units (ICUs). Genome plasticity of
A. baumannii
may contribute to the rapid development of
A. baumannii
resistance during patient treatment. There is little clarity on the dynamics of colonization of
A. baumannii
in humans. We studied 269 serial isolates of
A. baumannii
colonizing the rectum of 32 adult patients in an ICU; 5 to 16 isolates were obtained from each patient over a period of weeks to months. The isolates were sequenced using the Illumina platform. Multi-locus sequence typing revealed genetic diversity with 13 sequence types (STs); the dominant ST2 accounted for 202 of the 269 isolates and was isolated from each patient. A core genome comparison of isolates was used to elucidate a detailed understanding of the relationship among isolates within an ST and the genomic relationship among STs. One to three STs were observed in the isolates from each patient. Instances of unchanged colonization, sequential lineage colonization, and colonization with multiple lineages of
A. baumannii
were seen. The number of resistance genes carried by the isolates varied from 2 to 17. The predominant genes corresponded to those encoding resistance to β-lactam and aminoglycoside antibiotics. Generally, there was a strong correlation between ST and a particular antimicrobial resistance gene profile. This study makes an important baseline contribution to information that will help us understand the role of
A. baumannii
colonization in the development of opportunistic infections in ICU patients.

IMPORTANCE

Acinetobacter baumannii
is a multidrug-resistant nosocomial pathogen that colonizes and infects debilitated patients in the ICU. There is very little information on the genomic characteristics of colonizing strains. This information is important to understand the evolution of lineages of
A. baumannii
that develop resistance while patients receive antibiotic treatment in the ICU. Our study demonstrated different patterns of colonization of the rectum of ICU patients with different STs of
A. baumannii
while one ST colonized all patients. Some STs carried more antibiotic resistance genes compared to others. However, there was a correlation between ST and a particular resistance gene profile. Our results further elucidate the dynamics of enteric colonization of this opportunistic pathogen.
Impact of a Water Microjet on a Microfiber
Authors: Bazilevsky A. V. , Rozhkov A. N.
Published: October 2023

The transverse impact of a pulsed water microjet on individual cylindrical fibers is studied. The stages of ejection, breakup, and collision of the microjet were recorded by high-speed photography. A significant deceleration of the microjet by the fiber and its splitting into two parts were revealed. The mechanisms of the observed phenomena and the influence of various factors are discussed.
Mineral and Raw-Material Potential of Strategic Critical Mineral Raw Material for Development of the High-Tech Industry of the Russian Federation
Authors: Petrov O. V. , Molchanov A. V. , Shatov V. V. , Zubova T. N.
Published: October 2023

The present paper briefly characterizes the state system of a regional geological study of subsoil implemented by Rosnedra and the Karpinsky All-Russian Research Geological Institute (VSEGEI) and provides an assessment of the mineral and raw material potential of the Russian Federation for strategic types of minerals. In 2022, the VSEGEI completed compiling of a set of 1 : 2 500 000 digital monometal maps of patterns of distribution and prediction of strategic and critical types of minerals of the Russian Federation in GIS-format. The reserves of these types of minerals were estimated according to the data of the state accounting system and expert reassessment of forecast resources was performed. As a result, regional prognostic criteria for localization of areas promising for searching deposits were developed. Recommendations on setting GDP-200/2 and/or GMK-200 on specific nomenclature sheets that are promising for realization of prospecting stage exploration for strategic types of mineral raw materials are given.
Conflicting interests, institutional fragmentation and opportunity structures: an analysis of political institutions and the health taxes regime in Pakistan
Authors: Mirza Zafar , Munir Daud
Published: October 2023

Pakistan is the world’s fifth most populous country, with large segments of its population at risk from non-communicable diseases caused by consumption of harmful products, including tobacco and sugar-sweetened beverages. Even though evidence exists that increased taxes on harmful products leads to consumption reductions as well as increased revenues, Pakistan’s health taxes remain low. We seek to understand the reasons for the deficient health tax regime. Much of the existing literature emphasises industry tactics, resources and motivations. We take a different approach and instead focus on political institutions in Pakistan which could help explain deficiencies in the health taxes regime. We employed a mixed method design. We conducted: (1) a detailed analysis of media content, (2) semistructured interviews with key stakeholders (and attended relevant meetings) and (3) an analysis of primary and secondary literature, including legal and policy documents. We identify two key aspects of Pakistan’s political institutions which may help explain deficiencies in health taxes. First, we identified structural issues in the design and functioning of key institutions responsible for health taxes, including with respect to federalism, intraelite conflict, interagency coordination and intra-agency fragmentation. Second, we found evidence of an entrenchment of industry interests within governmental institutions, which are characterised by weak frameworks for regulating conflicts of interest. We conclude that gaps and conflict within political institutions, owing to weak design, instability and fragmentation, create political opportunity for industry actors to influence the system to advance their interests. The findings of this research indicate towards needed interventions.