bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AVALIAÇÃO DE FATORES DO AMBIENTE DE TRABALHO EM ATIVIDADES DE UM VIVEIRO FLORESTAL DE CURVELO, MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Dutra Tiago Reis , Leite Ângelo Márcio Pinto , Massad Marília Dutra
Published: August 2014

O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar e avaliar os fatores do ambiente de trabalho em atividades de um viveiro de propagação de mudas clonais de Eucalyptus spp., visando à melhoria da saúde, do bem-estar, da segurança, do conforto e da produtividade dos trabalhadores envolvidos nessa atividade. A caracterização dos fatores do ambiente de trabalho – sensações térmicas (temperatura, umidade e velocidade do vento), ruído e luminosidade – foram obtidos através da observação direta da unidade de trabalho e aferição de agentes físicos, sendo avaliados os setores de lavagem e desinfecção de tubetes e bandejas, embandejamento e enchimento de tubetes, preparo de substrato, jardim clonal, estaqueamento, casa de vegetação, casa de sombra e crescimento a céu aberto. Das atividades avaliadas, as que se apresentam em níveis inadequados, com limites acima do permitido, correspondem a casa de vegetação (temperatura e umidade), jardim clonal e crescimento a céu aberto (luminosidade), preparo de substrato e enchimento de tubetes (ruído) e velocidade do vento (atividades a céu aberto).Palavras-chave: Ergonomia; condições de trabalho; produção de mudas. AbstractEvaluation of work environment factors in a forest nursery activities from Curvelo, Minas Gerais. The objective of this study is to characterize and evaluate factors of work environment in a nursery for clonal propagation of Eucalyptus spp., in order to improve health, welfare, safety, comfort and productivity of the workers involved in such activity. Factors characterized in work environment: thermal sensations (temperature, humidity and wind speed), noise and light were obtained by direct observation of the work unit and measurement of physical agents, it was evaluated sectors of cleaning and disinfection of tubes and trays, tubes and filling boxing, substrate preparation, clonal garden, staking, greenhouse, shade and growth in the open. Evaluated activities that present inadequate levels, surpassing the allowed limits are as follows: the greenhouse (temperature and humidity); garden and clonal growth in the open (light) substrate preparation and filling of tubes (noise) and speed wind (open activities).Keywords: Ergonomics; working conditions; production of seedlings.
IMPACTO DE Guadua paraguayana SOBRE REMANESCENTE DE FLORESTA OMBRÓFILA MISTA ALUVIAL – UMA ABORDAGEM BIOGEOQUÍMICA
Authors: Galvão Franklin , Augustin Cátia Regina , Curcio Gustavo Ribas , Cosmo Nelson , Kozera Carina , Domanowski Bruno Polli , Sawczuk Alison Tadeu
Published: August 2014

Guadua paraguayana Döll, um bambu nativo da porção meridional da América do Sul particularmente agressivo, está invadindo áreas de preservação permanente no segundo planalto paranaense, com supressão da vegetação instalada e modificações nos padrões de sucessão local. Após estabelecer sua autoecologia, para melhor avaliar seu impacto sobre um dos últimos remanescentes da Floresta Ombrófila Mista Aluvial (FOMA), principalmente na ciclagem de nutrientes e no fluxo de carbono orgânico para o ambiente, estudou-se a composição química da espécie, a produção e decomposição de serapilheira e a distribuição das raízes. A área em estudo (25º 13’20,8” S e 50º04’26,8” W, Ponta Grossa/PR) é uma planície de inundação degradada às margens do rio Tibagi. Os valores anuais de produção de serapilheira de G. paraguayana foram estimados em 7.500 kg/ha, com meia vida superior a 260 dias para os limbos e 360 dias para as bainhas foliares. No período analisado, as folhas retornaram ao ambiente 164,27 kg/ha de macronutrientes. Com base na concentração de carbono da folha, o fluxo de carbono orgânico da vegetação para o solo foi estimado em 2.800 kg/ha/ano. Em comparação com os valores de FOMA melhor preservada, a presença dominante desse bambu reduz a quantidade de nutrientes e de carbono devolvidos ao meio.Palavras-chave: Bambu; serapilheira; ciclagem de nutrientes. AbstractGuadua paraguayana’s impacts on a remaining of Subtropical Ombrophilous Alluvial Forest – a biogeochemistry approach. Guadua paraguayana Döll, a particularly aggressive native bamboo from the southern portion of South America, is invading permanent preservation areas located in the second plateau of Parana, causing suppression of the current vegetation and modifications in the local succession patterns. After determine its autecology, to better assess its impact on one of the last remaining of Subtropical Ombrophilous Alluvial Forest, mainly on nutrient cycling and organic carbon flux to the environment, it was studied the species’ chemical composition and the production and decomposition of litter, and roots distribution. The focused area (25º13’20.8” S and 50º04’26.8” W, Ponta Grossa-PR, BR) is a degraded floodplain of Tibagi river. The annual litter production values of G. paraguayana were estimated at 7,500kg/ha, with a half-life of more than 260 days for the bladesand 360 days for the sheaths. Within this period, the photosynthetic leaves returned to the environment (bars) 164.27kg/ha of macronutrients. Based on the concentration of carbon in the leaf, the flux of organic carbon from vegetation to soil was estimated at 2,800kg/ha/year. The dominant presence of bamboo in the area decreases the amount of carbon and nutrients returned to the environment, when confronted with Subtropical Ombrophilous Alluvial Forest better preserved. Keywords: Bamboo; litter; nutrient cycling.
DIAMETER STRUCTURE AND PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL FREQUENCY OF A “TERRA FIRME” AMAZON FOREST, BEFORE AND AFTER SELECTIVE CUTTING
Authors: Da Cunha Ulisses Silva , Machado Sebastião Do Amaral , Filho Afonso Figueiredo , De Freitas Joberto Veloso
Published: August 2014

This article aims to characterize horizontal and diameter structure of a managed forest using graphic expression techniques. Data for this research is result of complete forest inventory (census) carried out from a block of 800 hectares, before and after selective cutting, inside Tapajós National Forest, located in the Municipality of Belterra, State of Pará, Brazil. The analysis revealed that, in relation to horizontal structure, intense cutting resulted in changes of different levels mainly to phytosociological frequency of some species, such as, Manilkara huberi, Carapa guianensis and Tabebuia serratifolia. The diameter structure of some species, such as Sextonia rubra and Dipteryx odorata, revealed changes after selective cutting under technically acceptable rates, because the stock levels of some diameter classes surpassed the limits of balance observed for polycyclic systems with silviculture based on natural regeneration. The inclusion of graphics in the harvest operating plan for the 10 most important species listed in forest management, that is, before and after selective cutting, would lead to the desirable structure maintenance.Keywords:    Diameter distribution; cutting cycle; forest management; Amazonian forest; graphic techniques. ResumoEstrutura diamétrica e frequência fitossociológica de uma Floresta de Terra Firme da Amazônia brasileira antes e depois do corte seletivo. O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi caracterizar a estrutura horizontal e diamétrica de uma floresta manejada usando técnicas de expressão gráfica. Os dados provieram de um inventário florestal sob completa enumeração (censo) efetuado em um bloco de 800 hectares, antes e depois de um corte seletivo dentro da Floresta Nacional do Tapajós, localizada no município de Belterra, Pará. As análises mostraram que a intensidade de corte utilizada promoveu diferentes níveis de alteração na estrutura horizontal, com mudanças mais significantes nas taxas de frequência fitossociológica de algumas espécies, tais como Manilkara huberi, Carapa guianensis e Tabebuia serratifolia. A estrutura diamétrica de algumas espécies, tais como Sextonia rubra e Dipterix odorata, apresentou alterações após o corte seletivo acima de taxas tecnicamente aceitáveis, porque o nível de estoque de algumas classes de diâmetro ultrapassou limites de balanço observado para sistemas policíclicos com silvicultura baseada na regeneração natural. A inclusão de gráficos no plano de operação de colheita para as 10 espécies mais importantes listadas no manejo, isto é, antes e depois do corte seletivo, induziria à estrutura desejada a ser mantida.Palavras-chave:    Distribuição de diâmetro; ciclo de corte; manejo florestal; Floresta Amazônica; técnicas gráficas.
ANÁLISE DA CARGA DE TRABALHO FÍSICO EM ATIVIDADES DE IMPLANTAÇÃO FLORESTAL EM ÁREAS DECLIVOSAS
Authors: Fiedler Nilton César , Juvanhol Ronie Silva , Paula Elizabeth Neire da Silva Oliveira , Gonçalves Saulo Boldrini , Carmo Flavio Cipriano de Assis , Maziero Romulo
Published: August 2014

Esta pesquisa teve o objetivo de avaliar a carga de trabalho físico em atividades de implantação florestal em áreas declivosas no sul do Espírito Santo e propor uma reorganização ergonômica para melhoria dos níveis de saúde, bem-estar e satisfação dos trabalhadores. A carga de trabalho físico foi avaliada por intermédio do levantamento da frequência cardíaca, com o uso de monitores de frequência cardíaca nas atividades de construção de cercas, roçada manual, capina química, marcação de covas, coroamento, coveamento manual, enchimento de covas, adubação pré-plantio e plantio. A maior exigência física no trabalho foi verificada na atividade de coveamento manual (125 bpm), sendo esta classificada como moderadamente pesada. A menor exigência física no trabalho foi observada na atividade de adubação pré-plantio, com frequência cardíaca média de 87 bpm, sendo classificada como atividade leve. Foram verificadas diferenças significativas entre as atividades de implantação (médias da carga cardiovascular) pelo teste de Scott-Knott ao nível de 5%, e a necessidade de reorganizar o ambiente de trabalho com inserção de pausas orientadas.Palavras-chave:  Ergonomia florestal; frequência cardíaca; plantio florestal; fisiologia do trabalho florestal. AbstractAnalysis of the load of physical work in activities of forest implementation insteepareas.This research had the objective to evaluate the load of physical work in activities of forest implementation in steep areas in the south of the Espírito Santo, Brazil and to propose an ergonomic reorganization for improvement of the levels of health, well-being and satisfaction of the workers. The load of physical work was evaluated by the survey of the cardiac frequency with the use of monitors of cardiac frequency in the activities of construction of fencing, manual mowing, weeding chemical, marking of graves, weeding, manual pit, filling of pits, adubation pre-planting and planting. The biggest physical requirement in the work was verified in the activity of manual pit (125 bpm), being classified as moderately heavy activity. The lower physical demands at work were observed in adubation pre-planting, frequently average cardiopath of 87 bpm, being classified as light activity. Significant differences had been verified enter the averages of the cardiovascular load and necessity to reorganize the environment of work with insertion of target pauses.Keywords: Forestry ergonomics; cardiac frequency; forestry activities; physiology of forest work.
EFEITO COMBINADO DO TEOR DE UMIDADE E DA MASSA ESPECÍFICA NA RESISTÊNCIA E RIGIDEZ DA MADEIRA DE Pinus elliottii
Authors: Lucas Filho Fernando Cardoso
Published: August 2014

A utilização de madeiras para fins estruturais sofre o efeito tanto do teor de umidade quanto da massa específica. Num mesmo lote de madeira há peças com diferentes teores de umidade e massas específicas. Para o seu uso estrutural com segurança, é necessário estimar a resistência e a rigidez considerando essa variação e determinando essas propriedades para diferentes teores de umidade e massas específicas. O estudo buscou estabelecer uma equação que facilite a determinação da resistência e da rigidez da madeira de Pinus elliottii Engelm para diferentes teores de umidade e massas específicas. O controle da umidade foi feito pelo monitoramento das massas dos corpos de prova em relação aos respectivos módulos de ruptura e elasticidade. A massa específica aparente apresentou melhor correlação com as propriedades mecânicas do que o teor de umidade, indicando que essa característica influi mais significativamente na resistência e rigidez, facilitando a classificação da madeira. A secagem da madeira até a classe de umidade na faixa entre 10% e 20% aumentou a resistência em cerca de 45% e a rigidez em 39%. O modelo que melhor representou a relação entre resistência, teor de umidade e massa específica aparente foi log (MOR) = 2,25 + 1,31g– 1,50U,e a relação entre rigidez, teor de umidade e massa específica aparente foi melhor representada por log (MOE) = 3,94 + 1.86γ – 2,99U2.
Utilização de resíduos de madeira de pinus spp, cinza volante e escória de alto-forno em compósitos cimento-madeira.
Authors: Lima Adauto José Miranda , Iwakiri Setsuo
Published: August 2014

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial de utilização do resíduo do desdobro de toras de Pinus spp e de substituições parciais do cimento Portland por cinza volante e escória de alto-forno, em compósitos cimento-madeira. As características físicas (massa específica, índice de vazios e absorção de água) e mecânicas (resistência à compressão e a tração) dos compósitos, foram determinadas conforme normas da ABNT. Foram avaliadas substituições do cimento Portland por teores de 5% a 40% de cinza volante e 25% a 60% de escória de alto-forno. Em ambos os casos foram utilizados, também, aditivos químicos para acelerar a pega do cimento (CaCl2.2H2O). Os resultados demonstraram viabilidade técnica da utilização do resíduo de Pinus spp e das substituições do cimento Portland do compósito, sendo que os valores otimizados determinados através de análise multivariada, foram de 5% de cinza volante e 25% de escória de alto-forno.Palavras-chave: Compósito cimento-madeira, Pinus spp, cinza volante, escória de alto-forno.
PRODUÇÃO DE PAINÉIS COMPENSADOS COM LÂMINAS DE MADEIRA DE Sequoia sempervirens E RESINA UREIA-FORMALDEÍDO
Authors: Iwakiri Setsuo , Cunha Alexsandro Bayestorff , Prata José Guilherme , Braz Rafael Leite , Castro Vinicius Gomes , Kazmierczak Sandra , Pinheiro Edson , Rancatti Heloisa , Sanches Felipe Luis
Published: August 2014

ResumoEsta pesquisa teve por objetivo avaliar a qualidade dos painéis compensados multilaminados produzidos com lâminas de madeira de Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don) Endl. Foram produzidos em laboratório compensados com cinco lâminas de 2,0 mm de espessura, colados com resina ureia-formaldeído (UF), com duas diferentes formulações de batida de cola e gramaturas. Os painéis foram prensados com pressão específica de 10 kgf/cm², temperatura de 110 ºC e tempo de prensagem de 10 minutos. Foram avaliadas as propriedades de resistência da linha de cola aos esforços de cisalhamento (RLC) e flexão estática paralelo e perpendicular (MOE e MOR). De uma forma geral, as diferentes formulações da batida de cola e gramaturas não afetaram significativamente os resultados das propriedades dos painéis, o que representa um aspecto importante sob o ponto de vista econômico. Os valores médios de RLC e percentagem de falhas na madeira atendem aos requisitos mínimos da norma EN 314-2 (1993). Os resultados obtidos nesta pesquisa indicam a possibilidade de uso de lâminas de sequoia para o miolo de painéis compensados para uso interior e de forma associada com lâminas de espécies com maior resistência mecânica nas capas.AbstractProduction of plywood using veneers of Sequoia sempervirens and urea-formaldehyde resin. This research was carried out to evaluate the quality of plywood made from wood veneer of Sequoia sempervirens. It was produced in laboratory plywood composed by five veneers with 2.0 mm thick, bonded with urea-formaldehyde resin (UF) with two different formulations of glue and amount of glue spread. The panels were pressed with specific pressure of 10 kgf/cm², temperature of 110 °C and pressing time of 10 minutes. It was evaluated the properties of the glue line shear strength (RLC) and static bending (MOE and MOR) parallel and perpendicular. In general, the different adhesive formulations and amount of spread glue did not significantly affect the results of the properties of the panels, which represent an important aspect on the economic point of view. The mean values of RLC and percentage of wood failure meet minimum requirements of standard EN 314-2 (1993). The results of this research revealed the possibility to using the veneers of sequóia for the core of internal use plywood associated with greater strength species on the faces.Keywords: Wood veneer; sequoia; plywood; urea-formaldehyde.
ANÁLISE DA VIBRAÇÃO NO PROCESSAMENTO SECUNDÁRIO DE MADEIRAS COM DIFERENTES MASSAS ESPECÍFICAS APARENTES
Authors: Fiedler Nilton Cesar , Marin Heitor Broetto , Oliveira José Tarcísio da Silva , Carmo Flávio Cipriano Assis do
Published: August 2014

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar os níveis de vibração ocorridos no processamento secundário da madeira e quantificar sua interação com a diferença de massa específica aparente entre as espécies de madeira. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida na marcenaria do Departamento de Ciências Florestais e da Madeira, do Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, localizada no município de Jerônimo Monteiro, sul do Espírito Santo, no período de agosto a dezembro de 2010. As vibrações transmitidas ao sistema mão-braço dos trabalhadores pelas máquinas foram coletadas por intermédio de um acelerômetro e de um medidor de vibração. As espécies utilizadas na pesquisa foram Apuleia leiocarpa, Eucalyptus grandis versus E. urophylla (híbrido urograndis), Corymbia citriodora e Pterogyne nitens. Todas as máquinas apresentaram classificação de conforto para o eixo XY (palma da mão e nós dos dedos) e classificação de fadiga para o eixo Z (punhos). A serra fita foi a única máquina que não apresentou variação da vibração em relação à espécie processada. Conforme a classificação de fadiga para o eixo Z, é necessária a execução de medidas para o controle da vibração.Palavras-chave: Ergonomia florestal; ambiente de trabalho; densidade da madeira; marcenaria.AbstractAnalysis of vibration in secondary wood processing with different apparent specific masses. The aim was to identify the levels of vibration that occurred in the secondary wood processing, and to quantify vibration interaction with the difference of apparent specific mass. The research was developed in wood workshops of Department of Forestry, Center for Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, located in Jerônimo Monteiro city, south of Espírito Santo, from August to December 2010. The vibrations transmitted to the hand-arm system of the workers by the machines had been collected by an accelerometer 20 model NK and a measurer of vibration model NK 300. The species used in the research had been Apuleia leiocarpa, Eucalyptus grandis versus E. urophylla (hybrid urograndis), citriodora Corymbia and Pterogyne nitens. All the machines had presented classification of comfort for axle XY and classification of fatigue for axle Z. As result, according to the classification of fatigue for axle Z, measures are necessary for the control of the vibration.Keywords: Forest ergonomics; work environment; density of the wood, joinery.
MÉTODOS DE ESTIMAÇÃO DE ALTURA DE ÁRVORES EM FLORESTA ESTACIONAL SEMIDECIDUAL
Authors: Curto Rafaella De Angeli , Silva Gilson Fernandes da , Soares Carlos Pedro Boechat , Martins Leandro Tose , David Hassan Camil
Published: August 2014

O estudo foi realizado na Floresta do Rosal, Guaçuí, ES, para avaliar precisão e tempo de execução de métodos de estimação de altura, em diferentes condições de terreno, com os métodos hipsômetro Vertex (1); clinômetro digital (2); estimação com auxílio de uma régua de 15 metros (3); e estimações visuais com treinamento (4) e sem treinamento (5), em três classes de altura: 1 (15,00-17,99 m); 2 (18,00-20,99 m); e 3 (> 21,00 m). Foram mensurados 124 indivíduos em terreno plano e 87 em terreno inclinado. Os dados de altura foram comparados pelo teste t, análises gráficas de resíduos e estatísticas complementares. Para avaliar o tempo, foi realizado teste t. O método 5 apresentou o pior desempenho quanto à precisão, enquanto que o melhor desempenho foi do método 4. A declividade afetou negativamente o desempenho dos equipamentos digitais e favoreceu o método 3. Houve tendência em subestimar altura com o aumento das classes. Os métodos 4 e 5 consumiram menos tempo e o 3, o maior tempo médio. O efeito da classe no tempo médio em terreno plano foi igual para todos os métodos, à exceção do 2. Em terreno inclinado, os métodos 3 e 4 não tiveram desempenhos alterados.Palavras-chave: Altura total; precisão; tempo.AbstractMethods of estimation of height of trees in Semideciduous Seasonal Forest. The research was conducted in Forest of Rosal, Guaçuí-ES, in order to evaluate accuracy and running time of five  height estimating methods in different ground conditions; the methods are as follow: Vertex hypsometer (1); Digital Clinometer (2), estimation with aid of a 15 meters ruler (3), and visual estimation with training (4) and untrained (5) in three height classes: 1 (15.00 - 17.99 m), 2 (18.00 - 20.99 m), and 3 (>21.00 m). It were measured 124 individuals in flat ground and 87 individuals in sloping ground. The height data were compared by t test and residual graphic analysis and additional statistics. To evaluate time, it was improved a t test. The method 5 had the worst performance in terms of accuracy, the best performance was improved by the method 4. The slop affected negatively the digital equipment performance and favored the method 3. There was a tendency to underestimate height as classes increase. The methods 4 and 5 consumed less time and method 3 consumed the highest average time. The class effect on average time on flat ground was the same for all methods but method 2. On slope ground, performance of methods 3 and 4 weren’t altered.Keywords: Height; accuracy; time.
ENSAIO DE PLANTIO DE ARAUCARIA ANGUSTIFOLIA (BERT.) O. KTZE
Authors: Jankauskis Juris
Published: August 2014

Por razões técnicas o resumo deste artigo não está disponível. Para maiores informações baixar arquivo completo.
ESTUDO E PESQUISA SOBRE MIMOSA SCABRELLA
Authors: Richter Hans Georg , Charvet Luiza Maria
Published: August 2014

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APLICAÇÕES DO MODELO DE PROGRAMAÇÃO LINEAR NA SOLUÇÃO DE PROBLEMAS FLORESTAIS
Authors: Soares Ronaldo Viana
Published: August 2014

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ANÁLISE DAS CAUSAS E ÉPOCAS DE OCORRÊNCIA DE INCÊNDIOS FLORESTAIS NA REGIÃO CENTRO-PARANAENSE
Authors: Soares Ronaldo Viana , Cordeiro Luiz
Published: August 2014

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USO DA IMAGEM DE SATÉLITE PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO FLORESTAL
Authors: Disperati Attilio Antonio , Keech Maurice Arthur
Published: August 2014

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AVALIAÇÃO QUALITATIVA E QUANTITATIVA DA MADEIRA POR PESAGEM
Authors: Nock Hans Peter
Published: August 2014

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A AUTO-ECOLOGIA DO GÊNERO CEDRELA: EFEITOS NA FISIOLOGIA DO CRESCIMENTO NO ESTÁGIO JUVENIL EM FUNÇÃO DA INTENSIDADE LUMINOSA
Authors: Inoue Mario Takao
Published: August 2014

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CÁLCULO DE CUSTOS DE MÁQUINAS FLORESTAIS
Authors: Stohr Gerhard Wilhelm Dihmer
Published: August 2014

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RECUPERAÇÃO DOS SOLOS DE CAMPOS E CERRADOS ATRAVÉS DE PRÁTICAS SILVICULTURAIS
Authors: Flor Hildebrando De Miranda
Published: August 2014

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UTILIZAÇÃO RACIONAL DOS PINHEIROS NATIVOS
Authors: Hosokawa Roberto Tuyoshi
Published: August 2014

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INFLUÊNCIA DO PISOTEIO DE BOVINOS EM ÁREAS FLORESTAIS
Authors: Schneider Paulo Renato , Galvão Franklin , Longhi Solon Jonas
Published: August 2014

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RESULTADOS PRELIMINARES DE UM LEVANTAMENTO DOS SISTEMAS DE EXPLORAÇÃO USADOS EM FLORESTAS IMPLANTADAS DE CONÍFERAS NO SUL DO BRASIL
Authors: Baggio Amilton João , Stoehr Gerhard Wilhelm Dittmar
Published: August 2014

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ON TERMITES IN CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA
Authors: Becker Gunter
Published: August 2014

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DETERMINAÇÃO DA DRENAGEM PROFUNDA EM TERRA ROXA ESTRUTURADA
Authors: Souza Marcos Luiz Paula , Libardi Paulo Leonel , Reichardt Klaus
Published: August 2014

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ALOCAÇÃO DE RECUROS PARA PROTEÇÃO CONTRA INCÊNDIOS FLORESTAIS
Authors: Soares Ronaldo Viana
Published: August 2014

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Single crystalline In–Ga–Zn oxide films grown from c-axis aligned crystalline materials and their transistor characteristics
Authors: Yamada Yoshinori , Matsubayashi Daisuke , Matsuda Shinpei , Sato Yuhei , Ota Masashi , Ito Daigo , Tsubuku Masashi , Takahashi Masahiro , Hirohashi Takuya , Sakakura Masayuki , Yamazaki Shunpei
Published: August 2014

In this study, we analyzed the crystallinity of c-axis aligned crystalline In–Ga–Zn oxide (CAAC-IGZO) and single crystalline (sc) IGZO films. CAAC-IGZO films were formed on (111)-oriented yttria-stabilized-zirconia substrates by magnetron sputtering using a

target. Sc-IGZO films were obtained by annealing CAAC-IGZO films at 1200 °C. The proportion of Zn in the composition changed during growth of the films, and as a result, sc-InGaO3(ZnO)3 films were obtained. By using CAAC-IGZO films as the starting material, sc-IGZO films were formed even without a ZnO layer. This is presumably because the CAAC-IGZO film originally exhibits c-axis orientation. In addition, the characteristics of transistors fabricated using sc-IGZO and CAAC-IGZO films were compared, and no significant difference in current drivability, i.e., field-effect mobility, was observed between the different transistors. In this sense, CAAC-IGZO films that require no high temperature annealing are favorable for industrialization.
A blue/green water‐based accounting framework for assessment of water security
Authors: Rodrigues Dulce B. B. , Gupta Hoshin V. , Mendiondo Eduardo M.
Published: August 2014

A comprehensive assessment of water security can incorporate several water‐related concepts, while accounting for Blue and Green Water (BW and GW) types defined in accordance with the hydrological processes involved. Here we demonstrate how a quantitative analysis of provision probability and use of BW and GW can be conducted, so as to provide indicators of water scarcity and vulnerability at the basin level. To illustrate the approach, we use the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to model the hydrology of an agricultural basin (291 km2) within the Cantareira Water Supply System in Brazil. To provide a more comprehensive basis for decision making, we analyze the BW and GW‐Footprint components against probabilistic levels (50th and 30th percentile) of freshwater availability for human activities, during a 23 year period. Several contrasting situations of BW provision are distinguished, using different hydrological‐based methodologies for specifying monthly Environmental Flow Requirements (EFRs), and the risk of natural EFR violation is evaluated by use of a freshwater provision index. Our results reveal clear spatial and temporal patterns of water scarcity and vulnerability levels within the basin. Taking into account conservation targets for the basin, it appears that the more restrictive EFR methods are more appropriate than the method currently employed at the study basin. The blue/green water‐based accounting framework developed here provides a useful integration of hydrologic, ecosystem and human needs information on a monthly basis, thereby improving our understanding of how and where water‐related threats to human and aquatic ecosystem security can arise.
Preparation and characterization of plasticized starch/halloysite porous nanocomposites possibly suitable for biomedical applications
Authors: Schmitt Helene , Creton Nicolas , Prashantha Kalappa , Soulestin Jeremie , Lacrampe Marie‐France , Krawczak Patricia
Published: August 2014

Novel porous bionanocomposites based on halloysite nanotubes as nanofillers and plasticized starch as polymeric matrix were successfully prepared by melt‐extrusion. Foaming was obtained by adding water as natural blowing agent, and by increasing the die temperature. Both the expansion ratio and the porosity increase with increasing die temperature. Addition of high water content allows reducing the foaming temperature. Moreover, the introduction of halloysite has double benefits: these fillers act both as a nucleating agent increasing the porosity and as a barrier agent increasing the proportion of small cells. Foams based on plasticized starch with a blend of glycerol and sorbitol loaded with 6 wt % of halloysite, extruded at 117°C, present the cellular structure and the mechanical properties required for scaffold applications. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41341.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Glucosyl Curcuminoids
Authors: Bhaskar Rao Adari , Prasad Ernala , Deepthi Seelam S. , Ansari Imtiaz A.
Published: August 2014

Medicinal plants proved to be a rich source in exploring a variety of lead structures in the development of new drugs. The natural curcuminoids have gained considerable attention in recent years for their multiple beneficial pharmacological and biological activities. Clinical application of these curcuminoids is often impaired due to their poor water solubility, resulting in low in vivo bioavailability of the active compound in humans. The objective of the present study is to synthesize glucosyl conjugates of curcumin 1 and tetrahydrocurcumin 4 and to evaluate their biological activities. The study highlights the synthesis of curcumin‐β‐di‐glucoside 3 (yield 71%) and tetrahydrocurcumin‐β‐di‐glucoside 6 (yield 64%) in good yields in a biphasic reaction medium using a phase transfer catalyst under simple and ecofriendly conditions. Both the glucosyl curcuminoids showed enhanced antioxidant, tyrosinase enzyme inhibitory, antimicrobial and potent cytotoxic activity. The improved biological activity may be due to the increased solubility of the glucosyl conjugated compounds compared to the native curcuminoids; this was further confirmed by partition coefficient studies. Thus, the synthesized glucosyl curcumin may serve as promising future therapeutic molecule in the management of cancer, whereas glucosyl tetrahydrocurcumin can be a useful ingredient in achromatic food and in cosmetic applications.
Effect of hospital volume on quality of care and outcome after rectal cancer surgery
Authors: Leonard D , Penninckx F , Kartheuser A , Laenen A , Van Eycken E , Bertrand C , De Coninck D , Duinslaeger M , Kartheuser A , Penninckx F , Van de Stadt J , Vaneerdeweg W , Claeys D , Burnon D , Haustermans K , Scalliet P , Spaas P , Demetter P , Jouret-Mourin A , Sempoux C , Demey W , Humblet Y , Van Cutsem E , Laurent S , Van Cutsem E , Van Laethem J L , Op de Beeck B , Smeets P , Melange M , Rahier J , Cabooter M , Pattyn P , Peeters M , Buset M , Mansvelt B , Vindevoghel K , Van Eycken E , Daubie M , Thijs A
Published: August 2014

Background

Research on the relationship between hospital volume and quality of care in the treatment of rectal cancer is limited.

Methods

Process and outcome indicators were assessed in patients with rectal adenocarcinoma who underwent total mesorectal excision, registered on a voluntary basis in the PROCARE clinical database. Volume was derived from an administrative database and analysed as a continuous variable. Sphincter preservation, 30-day mortality and survival rates were cross-checked against population-based data.

Results

A total of 1469 patients registered in PROCARE between 2006 and 2011 were included in this study. A volume effect was observed regarding neoadjuvant therapy for stage II–III disease, reporting of the circumferential resection margin, R0 resection rate, sphincter preservation rate, and number of nodes examined after chemoradiotherapy. The global estimate of quality of care was highly variable, but surgery was the single domain in which quality correlated with volume. No volume effect was observed for recurrence and overall survival rates. In the population-based data set (5869 patients), volume was associated with 30-day mortality adjusted for age (odds ratio 0·99, 95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 0·98 to 1·00; P = 0·014) and adjusted overall survival (HR 0·99 (95 per cent c.i. 0·99 to 1·00) per additional procedure; P = 0·001), but not with the sphincter preservation rate. Because of incomplete and biased registration on a voluntary basis, results from a clinical database could not be extrapolated to the population.

Conclusion

Some volume effects were observed, but their effect size was limited.
Eight years later: outcomes of CBT‐treated versus untreated anxious children
Authors: Adler Nevo Gili W. , Avery David , Fiksenbaum Lisa , Kiss Alex , Mendlowitz Sandra , Monga Suneeta , Manassis Katharina
Published: August 2014

Background

Anxiety disorders are the most common psychiatric disorders of childhood, generate significant distress, are considered precursors to diverse psychiatric disorders, and lead to poor social and employment outcomes in adulthood. Although childhood anxiety has a significant impact on a child's developmental trajectory, only a handful of studies examined the long‐term impact of treatment and none included a control group. The aim of this study was to conduct a long‐term follow‐up (LTFU) of anxious children who were treated with Cognitive–Behavioral Therapy (CBT) compared to a matched group of children who were not.

Methods

Subjects comprised 120 children: a treatment group which included the first 60 consecutive consenting children who were diagnosed with an anxiety disorder and treated with CBT between the years 1997 and 2003 and a control group, 60 matched children who were assessed but not treated with CBT. An “ex‐post‐facto” design was used to compare the two groups.

Results

Children showed lower rates of anxiety diagnosis (about 50% for both groups) and significantly improved functioning at LTFU (time effect P < 0.0001; no group difference). Anxiety levels were significantly lower in the nontreatment group at LTFU as compared to initial assessment (P = 0.02), but not in the treatment group, and a significant between‐group difference was found (P = 0.01) according to child. An inverse relationship was found between self‐efficacy/self‐esteem and anxiety outcome ([P = 0.0008] and [P = 0.04], respectively).

Conclusions

This study supports the assumption that childhood anxiety disorders may improve without treatment and highlights self‐efficacy/self‐esteem as potential factors in recovery.
Response to Impact of Obstructive Sleep Apnea on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients Treated With Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Rationale and Design of the Sleep and Stent Study
Authors: Ege Meltem Refiker
Published: August 2014

Loo G et al. Clin Cardiol. 2014;37:261–269.
Psychometric Properties of Two Brief Versions of the Voices Acceptance and Action Scale (VAAS): Implications for the Second‐wave and Third‐wave Behavioural and Cognitive Approaches to Auditory Hallucinations
Authors: Brockman Robert , Kiernan Michael , Murrell Elizabeth
Published: August 2014

Despite a steep rise in the evidence base for third‐wave cognitive and behavioural therapy approaches over the past decade, a scarcity of change measures relevant to these therapies as applied to psychosis is arguably slowing empirical progress in the area. The Voices Acceptance and Action Scale (VAAS), a measure of acceptance of voice experiences, is a notable exception. However, there are no published data on its psychometric properties outside of that provided by the scale developers. The current study explored the psychometric properties of two brief versions of the VAAS in a sample of psychotic voice hearers in a routine outpatient mental health service. Evidence from the current study suggests that both brief versions are robust measures of acceptance of voice experiences. Some limited support for the shortened VAAS‐9 as being a marginally improved scale over the original brief VAAS‐12 was also found. The current study found acceptance of voices to be highly related to depression, anxiety, stress and general negative affect and to predict unique variance in depression and general negative affect beyond that attributable to negative beliefs about voices and thought suppression. It was also found that acceptance was positively related to the use of reappraisal, indicating that the distinctiveness of acceptance from appraisal processes may be less pronounced in this context than what was has been reported previously. Implications for future research, as well as the practice of second‐wave and third‐wave cognitive and behavioural approaches to psychosis, are discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Message

Two brief versions of the VAAS instrument were found to be robust measures of acceptance of psychotic voice experiences.

The construct of acceptance of voices is highly related to indices of well‐being and negative appraisal processes in psychosis and appears to offer an alternative route to therapeutically addressing the toxic effects of negative beliefs about voices.

The recent focus on acceptance‐based techniques within cognitive and behavioural approaches to psychosis was supported.
Mitochondrial dysfunction as a central event for mechanisms underlying insulin resistance: the roles of long chain fatty acids
Authors: Hafizi Abu Bakar Mohamad , Kian Kai Cheng , Wan Hassan Wan Najihah , Sarmidi Mohamad Roji , Yaakob Harisun , Zaman Huri Hasniza
Published: August 2014

Insulin resistance is characterized by hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress prior to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. To date, a number of mechanisms have been proposed to link these syndromes together, but it remains unclear what the unifying condition that triggered these events in the progression of this metabolic disease. There have been a steady accumulation of data in numerous experimental studies showing the strong correlations between mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and insulin resistance. In addition, a growing number of studies suggest that the raised plasma free fatty acid level induced insulin resistance with the significant alteration of oxidative metabolism in various target tissues such as skeletal muscle, liver and adipose tissue. In this review, we herein propose the idea of long chain fatty acid‐induced mitochondrial dysfunctions as one of the key events in the pathophysiological development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The accumulation of reactive oxygen species, lipotoxicity, inflammation‐induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and alterations of mitochondrial gene subset expressions are the most detrimental that lead to the developments of aberrant intracellular insulin signalling activity in a number of peripheral tissues, thereby leading to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development and evaluation of a treatment fidelity instrument for family‐based treatment of adolescent anorexia nervosa
Authors: Forsberg Sarah , Fitzpatrick Kathleen Kara , Darcy Alison , Aspen Vandana , Accurso Erin C. , Bryson Susan W. , Agras Stewart , Arnow Katherine D. , Le Grange Daniel , Lock James
Published: August 2014

Objective

This study provides data on the psychometric properties of a newly developed measure of treatment fidelity in Family‐Based Treatment (FBT) for adolescent anorexia nervosa (AN). The Family Therapy Fidelity and Adherence Check (FBT‐FACT) was created to evaluate therapist adherence and competency on the core interventions in FBT.

Method

Participants were 45 adolescents and their families sampled from three randomized clinical trials evaluating treatment for AN. Trained fidelity raters evaluated 19 therapists across 90 early session recordings using the FBT‐FACT. They also rated an additional 15 session 1 recordings of an alternate form of family therapy—Systemic Family Therapy for the purpose of evaluating discriminant validity of the FBT‐FACT. The process of development and the psychometric properties of the FBT‐FACT are presented.

Results

Overall fidelity ratings for each session demonstrated moderate to strong inter‐rater agreement. Internal consistency of the measure was strong for sessions 1 and 2 and poor for session 3. Principal components analysis suggests sessions 1 and 2 are distinct interventions.

Discussion

The FBT‐FACT demonstrates good reliability and validity as a measure of treatment fidelity in the early phase of FBT. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:91–99)
A Strategy for Multivalent Presentation of Carba Analogues from N. meningitidis A Capsular Polysaccharide
Authors: Ramella Daniela , Polito Laura , Mazzini Stefania , Ronchi Silvia , Scaglioni Leonardo , Marelli Marcello , Lay Luigi
Published: August 2014

Neisseria meningitidis is a Gram‐negative encapsulated bacterium that is a major cause of meningitis and meningococcal septicemia. Serogroup A (MenA) is most often implicated in epidemic disease in the sub‐Saharan region of Africa. However, the development and manufacture of an efficient polysaccharide‐based vaccine against MenA is greatly hampered by the poor immunogenicity and instability of its capsular polisaccharide (CPS). We report the synthesis of stable MenA CPS carba analogues, and an easy strategy to access multivalent carbohydrate structures based on iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). A 1‐O‐tetraethyleneglycol‐phosphate linker attached to the carba analogues was used to attach them to the metal surface. We evaluated the positive multivalent effect of the antigen presentation by MRI analysis, which showed that the conjugated monomer and dimer analogues could be recognised by the polyclonal anti‐MenA antibody.
Gaussian linear state‐space model for wind fields in the North‐East Atlantic
Authors: Bessac J. , Ailliot P. , Monbet V.
Published: August 2014

A multisite stochastic generator for wind speed is proposed. It aims at simulating realistic wind conditions with a focus on reproducing the space–time motions of the meteorological systems. A Gaussian linear state‐space model is used where the latent state may be interpreted as regional wind conditions and the observation equation links regional and local scales. Parameter estimation is performed by combining a method of moments and the expectation‐maximization algorithm. The model is fitted to 6‐hourly reanalysis data in the North‐East Atlantic. It is shown that the fitted model is interpretable and provides a good description of important properties of the space–time covariance function of the data, such as the non‐full symmetry induced by prevailing flows in this area. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of herbicide-treated host plants on the development of Mamestra brassicae L. caterpillars
Authors: Hahn Melanie , Geisthardt Martin , Brühl Carsten A.
Published: August 2014

Herbicides are widely used pesticides that affect plants by changing their chemistry. In doing so, herbicides might also influence the quality of plants as food for herbivores. To study the effects of herbicides on host plant quality, 3 plant species (Plantago lanceolata L., P. major L., and Ranunculus acris L.) were treated with sublethal rates of either a sulfonylurea (Atlantis WG, Bayer CropScience) or a glyphosate (Roundup LB Plus, Monsanto) herbicide, and the development of caterpillars of the cabbage moth Mamestra brassicae L. that fed on these plants was observed. Of the 6 tested plant–herbicide combinations, 1 combination (R. acris + sulfonylurea herbicide) resulted in significantly lower caterpillar weight, increased time to pupation, and increased overall development time compared with larvae that were fed unsprayed plants. These results might be caused by a lower nutritional value of these host plants or increased concentrations of secondary metabolites that are involved in plant defense. The results of the present and other studies suggest potential risks to herbivores that feed on host plants treated with sublethal rates of herbicides. However, as the effects of herbicides on host plant quality appear to be species-specific and as there are numerous plant–herbicide–herbivore relationships in agricultural landscapes, a general reduction in herbicide contamination of nontarget habitats (e.g., field margins) might mitigate the negative effects of herbicides on host plant quality. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:2633–2638. © 2014 SETAC
Invasive crayfish as vectors of mercury in freshwater food webs of the Pacific Northwest
Authors: Johnson Branden L. , Willacker James J. , Eagles-Smith Collin A. , Pearl Christopher A. , Adams Michael J.
Published: August 2014

Invasive species are important drivers of environmental change in aquatic ecosystems and can alter habitat characteristics, community composition, and ecosystem energetics. Such changes have important implications for many ecosystem processes, including the bioaccumulation and biomagnification of contaminants through food webs. Mercury concentrations were measured in 2 nonnative and 1 native crayfish species from western Oregon (USA). Nonnative red swamp crayfish had mercury concentrations similar to those in native signal crayfish (0.29 ± 0.05 µg/g dry wt and 0.36 ± 0.06 µg/g dry wt, respectively), whereas the nonnative ringed crayfish had lower mercury concentrations (0.10 ± 0.02 µg/g dry wt) than either of the other species. The mean energy content of muscle was similar between the native signal crayfish and nonnative ringed crayfish but was significantly higher in the nonnative red swamp crayfish. Across species, mercury concentrations were negatively correlated with energy density. Such energetic differences could exacerbate changes in mercury transfer through trophic pathways of food webs, especially via alterations to the growth dynamics of consumers. Thus, it is important to consider the role of energy content in determining effective mercury exposure even when mercury concentrations on a per-unit mass basis do not differ between species. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:2639–2645. Published 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US Government work and as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.