bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AI-driven translations for kidney transplant equity in Hispanic populations
Authors: Garcia Valencia Oscar A. , Thongprayoon Charat , Jadlowiec Caroline C. , Mao Shennen A. , Leeaphorn Napat , Budhiraja Pooja , Craici Iasmina M. , Gonzalez Suarez Maria L. , Cheungpasitporn Wisit
Published: April 2024

Health equity and accessing Spanish kidney transplant information continues being a substantial challenge facing the Hispanic community. This study evaluated ChatGPT’s capabilities in translating 54 English kidney transplant frequently asked questions (FAQs) into Spanish using two versions of the AI model, GPT-3.5 and GPT-4.0. The FAQs included 19 from Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN), 15 from National Health Service (NHS), and 20 from National Kidney Foundation (NKF). Two native Spanish-speaking nephrologists, both of whom are of Mexican heritage, scored the translations for linguistic accuracy and cultural sensitivity tailored to Hispanics using a 1–5 rubric. The inter-rater reliability of the evaluators, measured by Cohen’s Kappa, was 0.85. Overall linguistic accuracy was 4.89 ± 0.31 for GPT-3.5 versus 4.94 ± 0.23 for GPT-4.0 (non-significant p = 0.23). Both versions scored 4.96 ± 0.19 in cultural sensitivity (p = 1.00). By source, GPT-3.5 linguistic accuracy was 4.84 ± 0.37 (OPTN), 4.93 ± 0.26 (NHS), 4.90 ± 0.31 (NKF). GPT-4.0 scored 4.95 ± 0.23 (OPTN), 4.93 ± 0.26 (NHS), 4.95 ± 0.22 (NKF). For cultural sensitivity, GPT-3.5 scored 4.95 ± 0.23 (OPTN), 4.93 ± 0.26 (NHS), 5.00 ± 0.00 (NKF), while GPT-4.0 scored 5.00 ± 0.00 (OPTN), 5.00 ± 0.00 (NHS), 4.90 ± 0.31 (NKF). These high linguistic and cultural sensitivity scores demonstrate Chat GPT effectively translated the English FAQs into Spanish across systems. The findings suggest Chat GPT’s potential to promote health equity by improving Spanish access to essential kidney transplant information. Additional research should evaluate its medical translation capabilities across diverse contexts/languages. These English-to-Spanish translations may increase access to vital transplant information for underserved Spanish-speaking Hispanic patients.
Some plasma biomarkers of residual feed intake in beef cattle remain consistent regardless of intake level
Authors: Cantalapiedra-Hijar G. , Nedelkov K. , Crosson P. , McGee M.
Published: April 2024

This study investigated whether plasma biomarkers of residual feed intake (RFI), identified under ad libitum feeding conditions in beef cattle, remained consistent during feed restriction. Sixty Charolais crossbred young bulls were divided into two groups for a crossover study. Group A was initially fed ad libitum (first test) and then restricted (second test) on the same diet, while Group B experienced the opposite sequence. Blood samples were collected from the 12 most divergent RFI animals in each group at the end of the first test and again after the second test. 12 plasma variables consistently increased, while three consistently decreased during feed restriction (FDR < 0.05). Only two metabolites, α-aminoadipic acid for Group A and 5-aminovaleric acid for Group B, were associated with RFI independent of feed intake level (FDR < 0.05), demonstrating moderate-to-high repeatability across feeding levels (intraclass correlation coefficient ≥ 0.59). Notably, both metabolites belong to the same metabolic pathway: lysine degradation. These metabolites consistently correlated with RFI, irrespective of fluctuations in feed intake, indicating a connection to individual metabolic processes influencing feed efficiency. These findings suggest that a portion of RFI phenotypic variance is inherent to an individual’s metabolic efficiency beyond variations in feed intake.
On the crashworthiness analysis of bio-inspired DNA tubes
Authors: Najibi Amir , Zhang Liwen , Zheng Dongli
Published: April 2024

This study presents a thorough numerical evaluation of the crashworthiness properties of a new bio-inspired DNA tubes (BIDNATs) with circular, elliptical, and rectangular cross-sections. Deformation and crashworthiness behaviors are evaluated using axial quasi-static crushing simulations by ABAQUS/Explicit (Abaqus 6.14, https://www.3ds.com/products-services/simulia/products/abaqus/). The study compares the performance of conventional tubes with rectangular and elliptical cross-sections to DNA-inspired tubes. Increasing the rotation angle leads to more helices and a pronounced helix angle, resulting in lower initial peak force (IPF). However, lower cross-section aspect ratios generally have higher IPF and specific energy absorption (SEA) values. BIDNATs with rectangular cross-sections and a 540° rotation angle have the lowest SEA and IPF values across all aspect ratios. Notably, for the 110/100 aspect ratio, the SEA of E110/100 is 71% higher than the conventional tube. Overall, BIDNATs with elliptical cross-sections and a 360° rotation angle exhibit higher SEA values and lower IPF values, particularly for a width (W) of 100 mm. Conventional circular and elliptical tubes generally have SEA values exceeding 6 J/g, with only E110/100 surpassing this among DNA-inspired tubes. The NE110/100 tube has the highest SEA, surpassing E110/100 by 54%, while its IPF is 10% greater than DNA-inspired E110/100. It's worth noting that conventional circular and elliptical tubes have higher IPF values compared to their DNA-inspired counterparts. These findings offer valuable insights for engineers and researchers in the design of crash tubes to improve overall vehicle safety for both occupants and pedestrians.
Tsunami deposits highlight high-magnitude earthquake potential in the Guerrero seismic gap Mexico
Authors: Ramírez-Herrera María Teresa , Corona Néstor , Černý Jan , Gaidzik Krzysztof , Sugawara Daisuke , Forman Steven L. , Machain-Castillo María Luisa , Gogichaishvili Avto
Published: April 2024

Globally, the largest tsunamigenic earthquakes have occurred along subduction zones. Devastating events exceeding magnitude 9, such as those in Chile, Sumatra, and Japan, struck in regions lacking instrumental records of similar events. Despite the absence of such events along the 1000-kilometer-long Mexican subduction zone, historical and geologic evidence suggests the occurrence of a magnitude 8.6 tsunamigenic earthquake. However, the Guerrero seismic gap has not experienced a high-magnitude earthquake in over 100 years. Here we present results on analyses of sediment grain size, geochemistry, microfossils, magnetic properties, and radiometric and optical stimulated luminescence dating conducted along the Guerrero coast. We provide evidence of a 2000-year history of large tsunamis triggered by potentially large earthquakes. Numerical modeling supports our findings, indicating a magnitude >8 event around the year 1300 in the Guerrero seismic gap. This evidence underscores the importance of assessing earthquake and tsunami potential using long-term evidence and instrumental observations along subduction zones globally.
The selective extraction of dietary polyamines from chicken breast using the application of a lab-on-a-chip electromembrane and dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
Authors: Barzegar Fatemeh , Nabizadeh Samaneh , Kamankesh Marzieh , Ghasemi Jahan B. , Mohammadi Abdorreza
Published: April 2024

Excessive dietary polyamines (PAs), including putrescine (PUT), spermine (SPM), and spermidine (SPD), have become a worldwide concern due to their carcinogenicity and reduced shelf life.
Modelling bulk and surface characteristics of cubic CeO2, Gd2O3, and gadolinium-doped ceria using a partial charge framework
Authors: Gallmetzer Josef M. , Gamper Jakob , Purtscher Felix R. S. , Hofer Thomas S.
Published: April 2024

This present study models cubic CeO2, Gd2O3, and gadolinium-doped ceria (GDC) using newly constructed interaction potentials based on a partial atom charge framework.
Enhancement and modulation of valley polarization in Janus CrSSe with internal and external electric fields
Authors: Jiao Runxian , Wei Qingyuan , Zhang Lichuan , Xie Yuee , He Jingjing , Zhou Yangbo , Shen Lei , Yuan Jiaren
Published: April 2024

The valley polarization is significantly amplified in the Janus monolayer CrSSe/MnO2 and can be further modulated by applying external electric fields.
Mechanochemical ignition of self-propagating reactions in equimolar Al–Ni powder mixtures and multilayers
Authors: Carta Maria , Delogu Francesco
Published: April 2024

Mechanochemical reactivity suggests an interesting parallel between equimolar Al–Ni powder mixtures and multilayers.
Operando scanning electron microscopy platform for in situ imaging of fluid evolution in nanoporous shale
Authors: Davletshin Artur , Song Wen
Published: April 2024

Dynamic fluid–solid interactions in nanoporous materials underlie processes fundamental to natural and engineered processes, the resolution of which has remained elusive until now.
Near infrared-emitting persistent luminescence nanoparticles@macrophages as cell-based carriers for precise imaging-guided cancer cell ablation
Authors: Wang Hua , Zhang Jie , Zheng Bin , Yang Zirui , Sun Jiayi , Liu Xiao , Qian Niansong
Published: April 2024

Schematic diagrams illustrate the capability of the new ICG@mZGC@macrophage delivery system to achieve simultaneous intra-tumoral imaging and photothermal therapy.
Application of UPLC-Q-TOF-MS with chemometric analysis and network pharmacology for comparison of different species: Paeonia lactiflora Pall. as an example
Authors: Yang Zijie , Wen Jinli , Zhang Huijie , Liu Meiqi , Liu Yi , Sun Lili , Ren Xiaoliang
Published: April 2024

An integrated strategy was established to investigate the different species of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. through UPLC-Q-TOF/MS, chemometric analysis combined with network pharmacology.
Electrical properties of disordered films of van der Waals semiconductor WS2 on paper
Authors: Kharchich Fatima Zahra , Castellanos-Gomez Andres , Frisenda Riccardo
Published: April 2024

We produce dry-abraded van der Waals films on paper with outstanding electrical characteristics. The film's inherent disorder manifests as an asymmetric distribution of resistance for a specific geometry which we explain by random resistor networks.
Rapid preparation of binary mixtures of sodium carboxylates as anodes in sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Desai Aamod V. , Ettlinger Romy , Seleghini Heitor S. , Stanzione Maximillian G. , Cabañero Joel M. , Ashbrook Sharon E. , Morris Russell E. , Armstrong A. Robert
Published: April 2024

An approach to form binary mixtures of sodium carboxylates using efficient microwave-assisted synthesis, as anodes in sodium-ion batteries is demonstrated.
Enhanced immune capture of extracellular vesicles with gelatin nanoparticles and acoustic mixing
Authors: Mao Yiqian , Li Juan , Li Jingxing , Su Cuicui , Long Kaixiang , Li Daojiang , Ding Zhao , Guo Shishang
Published: April 2024

A microfluidic device with micropillars and surface modification was designed to capture EVs efficiently. Ultrasound-induced vortices prolong particle rotation, enhancing EVs capture on surfaces coated with GNPs and CD63 antibody.
Comparison study of surface-initiated hydrogel coatings with distinct side-chains for improving biocompatibility of polymeric heart valves
Authors: Chen Yiduo , Guo Yirong , Li Xinyi , Chen Yanchen , Wang Jiarong , Qian Honglin , Wang Jing , Wang Youxiang , Hu Xinyang , Wang Jian'an , Ji Jian
Published: April 2024

Three surface-initiated hydrogel coatings (pMPC, pAMPS, pHEMA) are constructed on polymeric heart valves. The zwitterionic pMPC coating displays optimal performances, including durable anti-coagulation, anti-inflammation, and anti-calcification.
A universal strategy to enhance photothermal conversion efficiency by regulating the molecular aggregation states for safe photothermal therapy of bacterial infections
Authors: Fu Hao , Zhang Yongxin , Wang Cheng , Sun Zhencheng , Lv Shuyi , Xiao Minghui , Wu Kaiyu , Shi Linqi , Zhu Chunlei
Published: April 2024

A universal strategy is developed to remarkably enhance the photothermal conversion efficiency of photothermal materials. This advancement enables effective treatment of drug-resistant bacterial infections through safe photothermal therapy.
Allylsilane as a versatile handle in photoredox catalysis
Authors: Lal Nand , Shirsath Sanket B. , Singh Puja , Deepshikha  , Shaikh Aslam C.
Published: April 2024

This review briefly summarizes the utilization of allylsilane in photoredox catalysis. It highlights the underlying mechanisms for the formation of the C–C/C–heteroatom bond with various functionalities in mild conditions with high selectivity.
Interactions of graphene with oxidants in a mixed atmosphere: synergistic effects of O2/H2O and O2/CO2 on gasification reactivity and kinetics
Authors: Liang Zeng , Khanna Rita , Li Kejiang , Ma Yunfei , Konyukhov Yuri , Bu Yushan , Zhang Jianliang , Conejo Alberto N.
Published: April 2024

Synergistic interactions between binary oxidants and overall reactivities during carbon gasification are demonstrated in O2/H2O and O2/CO2 environments. The addition of 40% O2 exhibits the highest reactivity in the initial stages.
Raman scattering spectroscopy of MBE grown thin film topological insulator Bi2−xSbxTe3−ySey
Authors: Kumar N. , Surovtsev N. V. , Yunin P. A. , Ishchenko D. V. , Milekhin I. A. , Lebedev S. P. , Lebedev A. A. , Tereshchenko O. E.
Published: April 2024

The sum of relative ratios of peak widths of Ag and Eg modes of BSTS film grown on Si substrate was lower which indicated more ordered structure with lower contribution of localized defects compared to SiC/graphene substrate.
Synthesis of a sacubitril precursor via the construction of one-pot chemoenzymatic cascades
Authors: Chen Long , Qu Ge , Cai Zhiqiang , Yuan Bo , Sun Zhoutong
Published: April 2024

A key precursor of sacubitril was synthesized with excellent diastereoselectivity via the construction of three one-pot enzymatic cascades.
Insight into the ordering process and ethanol oxidation performance of Au–Pt–Cu ternary alloys
Authors: Zhao Wenbo , Li Mengyao , Hu Shi
Published: April 2024

A composition-dependent volcano trend is found in the ordering degree of the products versus the Au content in AuxPt1−xCu3/rGO.
Sustainable valorization of cherry (Prunus avium L.) pomace waste via the combined use of (NA)DESs and bio-ILs
Authors: Mero Angelica , Mezzetta Andrea , De Leo Marinella , Braca Alessandra , Guazzelli Lorenzo
Published: April 2024

Ecological transition towards the circular economy requires the valorization of agri-food wastes. Herein, natural deep eutectic solvents and bio-based ionic liquids were used to extract polyphenols and prepare an ionogel from cherry pomace waste.
A cubic Sm@CdS Q-dot glass as a photocatalyst for solar H2 generation
Authors: Autade Vijay B. , Panmand Rajendra P. , Arote Sandeep A. , Ballal Reshma S. , Naik Sonali D. , Kulkarni Milind V. , Kale Baharat B.
Published: April 2024

Under natural sunlight, thermally stable cubic Sm@CdS QDs – glass matrix shows increase of 42.5% in the hydrogen evolution with respect to the CdS-glass with a similar heat treatment temperature.
Cu5Zn8@SiO2/NC derived from Cu/ZIF-8 as an efficient electrochemical sensor for environmental pollutant detection in water bodies
Authors: Yu Zi-Hao , Chen Jing-Shuai , Liu Xing-Pei , Mao Chang-Jie , Jin Bao-Kang
Published: April 2024

Sensitive detection of toxic substances in drinking water is always a difficult problem in electrochemical applications.
Phosphorylation of collagen fibrils enhances intrafibrillar mineralization and dentin remineralization
Authors: Zheng Bo , Zhao Luyi , Chen Lelu , Lai Haiyan , Wang Chengze , Chen Yi , Shao Changyu , Tang Ruikang , Gu Xinhua
Published: April 2024

Intrafibrillar mineralization of collagen fibrils was significantly improved by increasing interfacial wetting through modification of IP6.
Tamm plasmon polariton-based planar hot-electron photodetector for the near-infrared region
Authors: Konov Yurii V. , Pykhtin Dmitrii A. , Bikbaev Rashid G. , Timofeev Ivan V.
Published: April 2024

The photoresponsivity of the proposed light-trapping device can reach 42.6 mA W−1 at 905 nm.
Enhanced photoelectrochemical water splitting using carbon cloth functionalized with ZnO nanostructures via polydopamine assisted electroless deposition
Authors: Seetoh Ian P. , Ramesh Akhil K. , Tan Wei Xin , Lai Chang Quan
Published: April 2024

Improved photoelectrochemical water splitting with ZnO nanorods synthesized on carbon cloth.
Construction of novel Ag(0)-containing silver nanoclusters by regulating auxiliary phosphine ligands
Authors: Ma Qing-Qing , Zhai Xue-Jing , Huang Jia-Hong , Si Yubing , Dong Xi-Yan , Zang Shuang-Quan , Mak Thomas C. W.
Published: April 2024

Two superatomic silver nanoclusters (Ag17 and Ag32) with similar outer shells were constructed by adjusting phosphine ligands, and their PL intensity and QY varied greatly because of the different surface rigidity.
Light-driven folding of single polymer chains via metal-complexation
Authors: Izuagbe Aidan E. , Tuten Bryan T. , Roesky Peter W. , Barner-Kowollik Christopher
Published: April 2024

We introduce a light-driven methodology (λmax = 365 nm) to fold single polymer chains into single chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) via metal-complexation.
U-shaped stereoscopic design strategy toward N-doped nanographene segment
Authors: Zhang Dongyang , Zhang Fengyuan , Du Hanyun , Liu Fei , Yi Xiaohui , Chen Jun , Hu Ben-Lin
Published: April 2024

Through a stereoscopic design strategy, U-shaped N-heteroacene was synthesized, and shows regular and incompletely closed pores within the crystal structure.
Excellent red upconversion luminescence in GdLaO3:Er3+/Yb3+/Sc3+ under 980 nm laser excitation
Authors: Li Meiling , Cao Yongze , Cheng Lihong , Liu Tianshuo , Fan Yuhan , Zhang Jinsu , Chen Baojiu
Published: April 2024

Er3+/Yb3+ are distributed in a double-layer structure, blocked by a single layer of Sc3+/La3+. Red UCL intensity of (Gd0.8Er0.1Yb0.1)(La0.9Sc0.1)O3 is comparable to β-NaYF4:Er3+/Yb3+.
Multilingualism and Augmentative and Alternative Communication: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Andzik Natalie R. , LaMarca Hannah N.
Published: April 2024

Purpose:

Individuals from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) are often offered English-only AAC systems that do not meet their language needs. The aim of this review article was to describe the research published on multilingual AAC, define any emerging best practices, and highlight gaps in the literature that exist to ensure equal language access for all learners.

Method:

The authors reviewed the literature by searching relevant databases using a variety of search terms. Following our inclusionary and exclusionary criteria, 15 articles were yielded for coding and then patterns were reported.

Results:

The authors found that more than half of the included articles were expert opinion papers on AAC delivery, barriers to AAC and multilingualism, and code-switching using AAC. The included qualitative studies aimed to summarize the perceptions on AAC services—their impact, facilitating and limiting factors in communication, and the importance or relevance of using an AAC device. Only two quantitative studies were included.

Conclusions:

Practitioners have an obligation to support multilingual clients who use AAC across all languages they speak at school, at home, and in the community. Much of the literature supports encouraging multiple languages, but limited access to multilingual AAC systems are available. There is also a dire need for empirically based studies and more perspectives by way of interviews or surveys.
Learning to bag with a simulation‐free reinforcement learning framework for robots
Authors: Munguia‐Galeano Francisco , Zhu Jihong , Hernández Juan David , Ji Ze
Published: April 2024

Bagging is an essential skill that humans perform in their daily activities. However, deformable objects, such as bags, are complex for robots to manipulate. A learning‐based framework that enables robots to learn bagging is presented. The novelty of this framework is its ability to learn and perform bagging without relying on simulations. The learning process is accomplished through a reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm introduced and designed to find the best grasping points of the bag based on a set of compact state representations. The framework utilises a set of primitive actions and represents the task in five states. In our experiments, the framework reached 60% and 80% success rates after around 3 h of training in the real world when starting the bagging task from folded and unfolded states, respectively. Finally, the authors test the trained RL model with eight more bags of different sizes to evaluate its generalisability.
All‐metal wide‐angle and polarization‐independent microwave metamaterial absorber
Authors: Wang Shuang , Zeng Lingjun , He Liuyu , Mao Jiale , Chen Yu
Published: April 2024

An innovative all‐metal self‐support microwave metamaterial absorber (MMA) based on a continuous complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) array frequency selective surface (FSS) is constructed. The CSRR‐based FSS has a selected frequency of 23 GHz and is proved to be polarization insensitive. And the all‐metal MMA has the same response frequency as the FSS, showing convenience in the geometrical scaling process. Additionally, in both transverse electric and transverse magnetic modes, the all‐metal MMA shows stable response at oblique incidences with an incident angle as large as 50°. Along with lightweight, easy fabrication and high cost‐performance ratio, the new proposed all‐metal FSS‐based MMA has good potential to serve in many practical applications.
Regulate drain‐shield relative positioning and contact for mitigating radiated emission from USB cables
Authors: Liang Tao , Yin Ziqian , Song Yu , Xi Zhihao , Xie Yan‐zhao
Published: April 2024

This letter delves into the influence of drain wire design on electromagnetic radiated emission (RE) from a commercial universal serial bus (USB) cable operating in a high‐speed data transfer mode. The investigation involves an experimental comparison of measured RE across various retrofitted cables. Notably, it is demonstrated that the distribution of contact points on the drain‐shield has negligible effects on RE. Conversely, relocating the drain wire externally to the shields and minimizing the distance with respect to the grounding connector leads to a significant reduction in RE, particularly within the sub‐MHz frequency range. Consequently, regulatory proposals are put forth to diminish overall RE and enhance the RE compliance of USB cables.
Co‐excitation control of a four‐degree‐of‐freedom magnetic bearing switched reluctance motor based on mathematical models
Authors: Liu Zeyuan , Wu Xingcheng , Cai Jun , Yang Yan , Liu Chengzi
Published: April 2024

In traditional magnetic bearing motors, the magnetic bearing and the motor are usually driven and controlled separately, resulting in higher controller costs and limiting further expansion of their applications. The author presents a four‐degree‐of‐freedom (4DOF) magnetic bearing switched reluctance motor (MBSRM), consisting of two 8‐pole active radial magnetic bearings (RMBs) and two two‐phase 4/2‐pole switched reluctance motors (SRMs), driven simultaneously by a set of asymmetrical power converters together. Firstly, the structure, winding configuration and co‐excitation working principles of the 4DOF‐MBSRM system are described in detail. Then the radial force formula for an 8‐pole RMB and the torque mathematical model for a 4/2‐pole SRM are briefly derived based on equivalent magnetic circuits, respectively. Furthermore, a co‐excitation control strategy for the 4DOF MBSRM is developed wherein an instantaneous radial force is used to control its rotor shaft levitation, an instantaneous torque is employed for rotational control at low and medium speeds, and an average torque is used for high speed operation. Finally, the good performance of the co‐excitation control for the proposed 4DOF‐MBSRM is proved by simulation analysis.
A simulation study on the contact‐separation triboelectric nano‐generator for magnetic energy harvester
Authors: Zhang Yibing , Li Fenghui , Wang Yagang , Tong Shanlin , Li Yuhao , Li Xuhui , Lu Wu , Liu Yongsheng
Published: April 2024

Transmission lines and outdoor substations are replete with various forms of micro energy such as wind energy, solar energy, and electromagnetic energy. There exists micro energy in the forms of mechanical vibrations, temperature differences, and humidity in power distribution equipment. Innovative sensor or monitoring methods are needed to maintain the stability and digitisation of the grid. Unfortunately, there is limited study on the power supply of these sensor systems. Triboelectric nanogenerators, which are environmentally friendly and use simple materials, show excellent performance in environmental nano‐energy collection and self‐powered online monitoring. Therefore, environmental energy collection systems based on triboelectric nanogenerators are one of the selected methods to convert magnetic energy in the magnetic field into electrical energy. A model structure was designed using the contact separation mode, which is one of the four working modes of triboelectric nanogenerators, based on the strength of the magnetic field in the environment. This structure mainly consists of the friction layer, electrodes for current conduction, and connected loads. The research includes a comparison of four inherent electrical outputs of the triboelectric nanogenerator: open‐circuit voltage, short‐circuit current, capacitance, and power. COMSOL Multiphysics software was used for all modelling and simulation of the TENG. This software was used for the design, material selection, and static study of the TENG. When the relative dielectric constant was fixed, the output voltage reached and the energy reached . Overall, ideal reference can be provided for researchers studying power supply issues for sensors in complex magnetic field situations and help them design high‐performance TENGs.
Strengthening of the railroad track for high-speed traffic on the Bukhara-Misken section
Authors: Abdujabarov Abduhamit , Begmatov Pardaboy , Mekhmonov Mashkhurbek , Eshonov Farkhod
Published: April 2024

In the article the work of ballast prism and subgrade is considered, on the basis of analysis two-layer reinforcement from geotextile is offered, also strengthening by water-soluble polymer in conditions of sandy zone on high-speed sections of railroads is suggested. The principle of stationarity of the total potential energy of deformable Lagrangian systems is used to determine the stress-strain state of the earth bed. The dependences between the components of stress and strain tensors characterizing specific models of the medium have been established, and an elastic ground medium with no residual deformation from external load has been considered. And also offer designs of sleepers with concave surface, which will increase the service life and ensure the reliability of its operation on horizontal and vertical curves of railroads. A new fluoroplastic under-rail gasket, which does not change its characteristics during 5 years, contacting with the base of the rail, flat inner support surface, contacting with the sleeper, reduces load vibration from the rolling stock on the sections of high-speed traffic is offered.
Multi-channel gas-diesel engine control system based on jet-convective sensors
Authors: Porunov Alexander , Tyurina Marina , Zaripova Rimma , Magomedova Sevil , Ramazanova Bariyat
Published: April 2024

Accurate measurement of the dynamic flow rate of the components of the gas-fuel mixture is required in electronic automatic control systems of the internal combustion engine. The paper substantiates the structural construction of the measurement channels of the multi-channel gas-diesel engine control system. In the implementation of the measurement channels, special attention is paid to the structure of the jet-convective channel for obtaining an informative signal on the gas fuel flow rate and the structure of the ion-labeled channel for measuring the air flow rate. Application of jet-convective transducers is supplemented by the original structural scheme of primary signals processing, which will allow expanding the measurement range towards low flow rate values, increasing the speed and reducing the random component of the error.
How artificial intelligence can fight environmental issues
Authors: Labazanova Saida , Aygumov Timur , Mustafaev Timur
Published: April 2024

The efficacy of artificial intelligence in different fields needs no thorough proof. It is a well-known fact and its vast application puts an end to any further discussion about its effectiveness. Although any technology, method, or great innovation has sides that are not favorable for the masses to know. Sometimes these side effects or negativity come out and result in something much more than ordinary issues. These severe cases are named global warming, diseases, drastic shifts in various fields (introduction of flashing of professions), and so on. Therefore, innovations are emerging every day to fight these severe cases and some of them are dealing with these issues better than others. Artificial intelligence brings more to the table than any other technology, and it is a promising technology that will provide us with a bright future. Therefore, this article will be looking into how artificial intelligence is used to overcome some environmental issues.
Simulation modeling of transport and socioeconomic development of megapolis districts (on the example of Moscow city)
Authors: Krasnikova Irina , Mudrakova Olga
Published: April 2024

The article substantiates the relevance of using software tools to manage the sustainable development of settlement territories. The main aspects that influence this development are established. These include, for example, socioeconomic indicators, environmental situation, and transportation accessibility. Using the methods of analysis, synthesis, systematization, quantitative and qualitative characteristics of such objects and processes that determine the content of the selected aspects are established. The obtained results are used to create formal models that demonstrate the changes in the system states necessary for agent-based modeling. Behavior of each agent, its internal states, peculiarities of the influence of the external environment or conditions on it form the overall behavior of the system. The model obtained allows for predicting changes in the system to control actions.
Optimisation tool: Q-learning and its application in various fields
Authors: Guzueva Elina , Abdulmukminova Eliza , Khafizova Amina
Published: April 2024

Q-learning in reinforcement learning can serve as a useful tool in many fields. The one popular technology one can hear lately is artificial intelligence, which can be found in almost any field and area. However, artificial intelligence is a combination of different technologies and methods that are most of the time ignored or overshadowed. Q-learning is a method in which each action or step is analyzed and provided by feedback. Depending on the feedback the method continues its actions by choosing the best possible path. In this paper, Q-learning will be briefly expanded with the examples. The main focus of this work will be on Its application in different fields. The following fields will be covered: healthcare, education, gaming, manufacturing, and finances.
Outcomes in patients who received ECMO and/or volatile anesthetics as rescue therapies for status asthmaticus
Authors: Komeswaran Kavipriya , Todd Tzanetos Deanna , Wright Tiffany , Furlong Dillard Jamie
Published: April 2024

Background: In the state of Kentucky, many status asthmaticus (SA) patients require care in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) and a fraction of these patients may receive “rescue therapies” with inhaled volatile anesthetics (IVA) and/or Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO). We present a series of such patients with the objective of comparing the clinical parameters of individual patients who received inhaled volatile anesthesia and subsequently the need for ECMO. Methods: Children between 2 and 18 years of age admitted to our PICU from January 2014 to July 2020 with SA were reviewed and categorized as 1) patients who received IVA alone, 2) patients who received IVA and then subsequently ECMO, and 3) patients on ECMO alone. Results: A total of 1772 children with SA episodes were identified with a mortality of 13 patients. Seven children with SA were identified who received either IVA, ECMO, or both. One patient received only IVA, 5 received both IVA and ECMO and one received only ECMO. All received standard asthma therapies of steroids, albuterol, magnesium sulphate, and aminophylline prior to escalation. Six out of seven refractory SA received IVA, and five (83%) of those were subsequently escalated to ECMO. There was an improvement in mean pH after cannulation compared to IVA. pCO2 levels had no improvement after IVA administration but decreased by an average of 20 points after ECMO. Patients peak inspiratory pressures decreased within the 1st 24 h of ECMO cannulation from a mean of 30 to 18. There were no other complications related to ECMO placement. Conclusion: While we cannot decisively draw any conclusions from our study due to the small sample, it was noted that there was no clear advantage of using IVA prior to ECMO in our patients. Most patients who received IVA were escalated to ECMO indicating that early ECMO cannulation may be beneficial. Given the high cost and potential complications of both, there is a need for the development of well-defined guidelines for severe SA management in the PICU.
Can habitat enhancement limit the ecological impacts of predatory fish stocking? An experimental approach
Authors: Gimenez Marie , Cucherousset Julien
Published: April 2024

Fish stocking is a ubiquitous management measure in freshwater fisheries but it can induce important ecological impacts on communities and recipient ecosystems. Habitat enhancement might limit the ecological impacts of fish stocking by directly supporting biodiversity and helping to maintain ecosystem functioning. In the present, we used a mesocosm experiment to assess whether habitat enhancement, through the addition of coarse woody habitat (CWH) in the form of thin branches bundled or within an iron cage, can limit the impact of stocking of a predatory fish, juvenile largemouth bass Micropterus nigricans, on prey communities and ecosystem functioning. Results demonstrated that, prior to stocking, there was overall no significant effect of habitat enhancement on zooplankton communities and a strong effect on benthic macroinvertebrate communities that was associated with a decrease in the decomposition rate of organic matter in mesocosms containing caged-CWH. We also found that the stocking of juvenile largemouth bass significantly affected the structure of zooplankton communities while we did not observe significant effects on macroinvertebrate communities and ecosystem functioning. This effect on zooplankton community structure was compensated by habitat enhancement, notably when using caged-CWH. This study showed that habitat enhancement alone may not be sufficient to compensate the potential effects of predatory fish stocking, and that the choice of materials used to enhance habitats is fundamental in driving the efficiency.
Die Anwendbarkeit der pathischen Kategorien nach V. v. Weizsäcker in
einer Praxis für Physiotherapie und Ergotherapie (2) – vier
Fallbeispiele
Authors: Utech Michael
Published: April 2024

Nach Viktor von Weizsäcker ist das Leben aus Sicht der medizinischen
Anthropologie nicht nur ein Vorgang, der sich mit naturwissenschaftlichen
Mitteln erschöpfend erfassen und beschreiben lässt, sondern es wird auch
erlitten – es ist pathisch. Dieses Pathische des Lebens, das sich durch seine
Dynamik, Veränderlichkeit und Widersprüchlichkeit auszeichnet, mündet in die
fünf pathischen Kategorien: Dürfen, Können, Sollen, Müssen, Wollen sowie deren
Negation: Nicht-Wollen etc. Jede Kategorie befindet sich mit allen anderen
Kategorien als Komplex in unauflösbarer Verbundenheit. Weizsäcker verbildlicht
dies mithilfe eines Pentagramms. Gesundheitliche Nöte können aus Konflikten
zwischen den Kategorien hervorgehen. In diesem Beitrag wird anhand von
Fallbeispielen aufgezeigt, inwiefern das pathische Pentagramm geeignet ist, bei
gesundheitlichen Nöten (auch verborgene) Konflikte intrapsychischer und
interpersoneller Natur aufzudecken, zu strukturieren und somit zu begreifen. Aus
den sich daraus ergebenen Erkenntnissen lassen sich gewinnbringende
bewegungstherapeutische Maßnahmen entwickeln und anwenden.
Alice und Michael Bálint in Berlin (1921–1924)
Authors: Vogelsänger Peter
Published: April 2024

Die Arbeit wertet Archivalien der Berliner Humboldt-Universität aus, die den
Aufenthalt von Alice und Michael Bálint von 1921 bis 1924 in Berlin beleuchten,
darunter einen Lebenslauf von Michael Bálint und seine Promotionsakten. Bálint
war als Chemiestudent eingeschrieben und wurde 1924 „cum laude“ zum Dr. phil.
promoviert, während der Promotionsplan seiner Frau, die in Staatswissenschaft
immatrikuliert war, nicht verwirklicht wurde. Die Forschungsergebnisse und das
akademische Arbeitsumfeld von Michael Bálint werden kurz vorgestellt.
Clinical course of mild-to-moderate idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis during therapy with pirfenidone: Results of the non-interventional study AERplus
Authors: Schreiber Jens , Schütte Wolfgang , Koerber Wolfgang , Seese Bernd , Koschel Dirk , Neuland Kathrin , Grohé Christian
Published: April 2024

Introduction Pirfenidone was the first anti-fibrotic drug approved in Europe in 2011 for the treatment of mild-to-moderate idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Objectives To investigate the clinical course of mild-to-moderate idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in pirfenidone-treated patients in a real-world setting.

Methods The non-interventional study was conducted at 18 sites in Germany from 6/2014–12/2016. Adult patients with mild-to-moderate idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis were treated with pirfenidone (escalated from 3×1 to 3×3 capsules of 267 mg/day within 3 weeks) for 12 months. The observation period comprised 4 follow-up visits at months 3, 6, 9 and 12. Disease progression was defined as decrease of ≥10% in vital capacity or ≥15% in diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) and/or ≥50m in 6-minute walking distance vs. baseline, or “lack of response/progression“ as reason for therapy discontinuation.

Results A total of 51 patients (80.4% male, mean age 70.6 years) were included in the full analysis set. Disease progression at any visit was reported for 23 (67.6%) of 34 patients with available data. Over the course of the study, lung function parameters, physical resilience, impact of cough severity on quality of life, and the mean Gender, Age and Physiology Index (stage II) remained stable. In total, 29 patients (56.9%) experienced at least one adverse drug reaction (11 patients discontinued due to adverse drug reactions); serious adverse reactions were reported in 12 patients (23.5%).

Conclusions The results of this study are in line with the established benefit-risk profile of pirfenidone. Therefore, pirfenidone can be considered a valuable treatment option to slow disease progression in mild-to-moderate idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. NCT02622477
Nachhaltigkeit: Einweg- versus Mehrwegartikel im Krankenhaus
Authors: Reinig Julia , Schindler Theresa , Schlüchtermann Jörg
Published: April 2024

Ökobilanzen geben Informationen darüber, ob Einweg- oder wiederverwendbare Produkte zu einer Reduzierung der CO2-Emissionen führen. Nicht außer Acht gelassen werden dürfen bei der Entscheidung, welche Produkte eingesetzt werden sollen, jedoch auch Hygiene- und Sicherheitsanforderungen.
Krankenhauscontrolling: Die Komplexität nimmt zu
Authors: Hohorst Anneke , Gräb David
Published: April 2024

Die mit der Krankenhausreform geplante Einführung von Leistungsgruppen samt Qualitätskriterien sowie Vorhaltebudgets und veränderten Fallpauschalen verspricht eine Revolution. Für das Krankenhauscontrolling wird die Umsetzung eine Herausforderung.
Themen und Aktivitäten landesgesetzlich verankerter kommunaler und
bezirklicher Gesundheitskonferenzen 2013–2022: Ergebnisse eines non-reaktiven
Online-Screenings
Authors: Brockschnieder Julia , Haas Julia , Neubauer Julia , Prosser Kathrin , Szagun Bertram
Published: April 2024

Ziel der Arbeit Der Öffentliche Gesundheitsdienst hat unter anderem die
Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention, Gesundheitsberichterstattung und
Gesundheitsplanung zur Aufgabe. Zur Vernetzung und Koordinierung kommunaler
Akteure sind dafür vielerorts kommunale oder bezirkliche Gesundheitskonferenzen
(GKen) etabliert, die in Baden-Württemberg, Berlin, Hamburg, Hessen und
Nordrhein-Westfalen landesgesetzlich verankert sind. Aufgrund des Mangels an
systematischen und übergreifenden Untersuchungen zu GKen wird eine deskriptive
Analyse ihrer Merkmale, Themenschwerpunkte und Aktivitäten in ausgewählten
Bundesländern durchgeführt.

Methoden Auf Basis eines nonreaktiven Online-Screenings der Aktivitäten
von 2013 bis 2022 erfolgt eine Vollerhebung der GKen in vier Bundesländern
(n=110). Systematisch erhoben werden Informationen zu Strukturmerkmalen, Themen
und GK-Aktivitäten. In den Konferenzen behandelte Themen werden mit
Gesundheitszielen der Länder abgeglichen. Nach einem Untersucherabgleich
erfolgen übergeordnete univariate sowie bivariate Analysen nach Bundesland,
Gebietskörperschaft und Gründungsjahr.

Ergebnisse Insgesamt häufig behandelte Themen in den GKen sind die
Primärversorgung, Kinder- und Jugendgesundheit und Gesundheit im Alter,
Infektionsschutz, Bewegung und Ernährung sowie Sucht, wobei sich die
Häufigkeiten zwischen den Bundesländern und Gebietskörperschaften zum Teil
erheblich unterscheiden. Themen in den GKen zeigen deutliche Assoziationen mit
den jeweiligen Landesgesundheitszielen. Gesundheitsversorgung wird deutlich
häufiger in Landkreisen als in kreisfreien Städten thematisiert. Jüngere
Konferenzen (ab 2011 gegründet) weisen bei der Häufigkeit von Plenumssitzungen
und bei Pressemitteilungen eine höhere Aktivität auf als ältere GKen.

Schlussfolgerung GKen zeigen eine erhebliche Breite an Themenschwerpunkten
– häufig angelehnt an landesspezifische Gesundheitsziele – mit erkennbaren
Unterschieden zwischen Land und Stadt. Jüngere Konferenzen zeigen eine höhere
Aktivität als ältere, was ein Hinweis auf Nachhaltigkeitsprobleme unter
aktuellen Rahmenbedingungen sein könnte. Anders als bei der
Gesundheitsberichterstattung zeigt sich kein Stadt-Land-Gefälle bzgl. der
GK-Aktivität. Die sich aus dieser deskriptiven Analyse ergebenden Hypothesen
sollten weiter untersucht werden, um ein nachhaltiges Wirken der GKen
sicherzustellen.
Postpartum Outcomes in Patients Receiving Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis during Antepartum Admission
Authors: Hu Muhan , Blanchard Christina T. , Seasely Angela R. , Lu Michelle , Szychowski Jeff M. , Casey Brian , Tita Alan T. , Saade George , Subramaniam Akila
Published: April 2024

Objective We evaluated if venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis in the inpatient antepartum period was associated with wound hematomas, VTE occurrence, and other adverse outcomes.

Study Design This study is a secondary analysis of a retrospective cohort of patients who delivered at University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB). Patients receiving outpatient anticoagulation (AC) were excluded. We grouped patients into those who received inpatient antepartum prophylactic AC and those who did not. The primary outcome was wound hematomas from delivery to 6 weeks postpartum (PP). Secondary outcomes included VTE occurrence and select adverse outcomes, including other wound complications, unplanned procedures, mode of anesthesia, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Analyses were performed with no AC group as the reference. A sensitivity analysis excluding those who received inpatient PP AC was performed.

Results Of 1,035 included patients, only 169 patients received inpatient prophylactic AC. They were older, had higher body mass indices, and more comorbidities. Patients receiving inpatient antepartum AC had higher wound hematomas (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 23.81; 95% confidence interval [CI] 7.04–80.47). They had similar risk for developing VTE as the control group (aOR 2.68; 95% CI 0.19–37.49) but were more likely to have wound complications (aOR 2.36; 95% CI 1.24–4.47), maternal deaths (p < 0.05), and require PP ICU admission (aOR 13.38; 95% CI 4.79–37.35). When excluding those receiving any PP AC, there was no difference in bleeding complications between the two groups and VTE rates remained unchanged. Rates of maternal deaths and PP ICU admissions remained higher in those who received inpatient antepartum AC prophylaxis.

Conclusion In this small cohort study, increased wound hematomas were found in those who received inpatient antepartum AC prophylaxis with no difference in VTE occurrence. While adverse events were increased in the inpatient AC group, this was mostly associated with PP AC prophylaxis. Larger studies should be conducted to describe the true benefits and risks of antepartum AC prophylaxis and determine efficacy of this widely used practice.

Key Points
General anesthesia versus conscious sedation in mechanical thrombectomy for patients with acute ischemic stroke: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Santos Ana Clara Felix De Farias , Coelho Luciano Lobão Salim , Caldas Guilherme de Carvalho , Araújo Luziany Carvalho , Gagliardi Vivian Dias Baptista , Carbonera Leonardo Augusto
Published: April 2024

Background After recently published randomized clinical trials, the choice of the best anesthetic procedure for mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to large vessel occlusion (LVO) is not definite.

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of general anesthesia (GA) versus conscious sedation (CS) in patients with AIS who underwent MT, explicitly focusing on procedural and clinical outcomes and the incidence of adverse events.

Methods PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing GA versus CS in patients who underwent MT due to LVO-AIS. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for binary outcomes, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Random effects models were used for all outcomes. Heterogeneity was assessed with I2 statistics.

Results Eight RCTs (1,300 patients) were included, of whom 650 (50%) underwent GA. Recanalization success was significantly higher in the GA group (OR 1.68; 95% CI 1.26–2.24; p < 0.04) than in CS. No significant difference between groups were found for good functional recovery (OR 1.13; IC 95% 0.76–1.67; p = 0.56), incidence of pneumonia (OR 1.23; IC 95% 0.56- 2,69; p = 0.61), three-month mortality (OR 0.99; IC 95% 0.73–1.34; p = 0.95), or cerebral hemorrhage (OR 0.97; IC 95% 0.68–1.38; p = 0.88).

Conclusion Despite the increase in recanalization success rates in the GA group, GA and CS show similar rates of good functional recovery, three-month mortality, incidence of pneumonia, and cerebral hemorrhage in patients undergoing MT.