bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Singlet oxygen quenching activity of furan fatty acids: Kinetic and thermodynamics study
Authors: Seki Kensuke , Okada Youji
Published: March 2023

We have undertaken a detailed study of the reactivity of furan fatty acids (F‐acids) with singlet oxygen (1O2) produced by thermal decomposition of endoperoxide and photosensitizer reaction of rose bengal in ethanol. Accordingly, we measured the second order rate constant (kQ) for the reaction of F‐acids with 1O2. As a result, the reactivity of F‐acids against 1O2 exhibited a decrease in the order tetra‐alkyl F‐acid (F3) > tri‐alkyl F‐acid (F2) > di‐alkyl F‐acid (NMF). In addition, we also employed the density functional theory (DFT) and quantum chemical calculations to predict the chemical reactivity, stability, and thermodynamic properties of F‐acids with respect to the quenching 1O2. In consequence, it is clear that log kQ values of F‐acids correlate with the energy level of the highest occupied molecular orbital (EHOMO), and HOMO of F‐acids may react with the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMO) of 1O2. Moreover, the reaction of F‐acids with 1O2 proceeds spontaneously in ethanol based on the calculation by thermodynamics method. These results suggest that the F‐acids may contribute to the protection of oxidative damage in animals by quenching 1O2.
Synthesis, characterization, and tailoring variations in the linear optical of erbium‐ions doped (PVA/PVP) polymeric composites for optical devices: Improvement of the dielectric characteristics
Authors: Mohammed M. I. , Yahia I. S. , El‐Mongy S. Abd
Published: March 2023

The simple solution casting method was utilized for preparing composite films (PVA‐30 wt% PVP) incorporated with various content of erbium ions (Er3+) (0.11, 0.37, 1.85, 3.7, 9.25, and 18.5) wt%. The composite films' properties were investigated using XRD, UV–Vis, and dielectric spectrometers. The XRD patterns showed a noticeable decline in structural elements, including crystallinity level. The transmittances of the investigated samples decrease as Er3+ increases. Studies on UV–Vis absorption have revealed that the UV–Vis absorption spectra are shifting to the higher wavelengths, causing a decrease in the optical energy bandgap values from 4.66 to 3.48 eV for an indirect transition and from 5 to 4.84 eV for a direct transition, which suggests that the filler interacts with the blend matrix. As the number of localized states in the forbidden energy bandgap rises, it has been shown that with increasing Er3+‐ the estimated Urbach's energy increases from 1.95 to 32 meV. The addition of erbium ions raises the refractive index of the blend film. The optical limits of the samples are investigated using a He‐Ne laser beam with a wavelength of 632.8 nm and a solid‐state green diode laser beam with a wavelength of 532 nm. The prospect of greater charge carrier concentration and mobility was confirmed by increased AC conductivity with increasing frequency. Dielectric permittivity and dielectric loss tangent were utilized to analyze dielectric behavior. The analysis of the electric modulus (M′ and M′′) of as‐prepared samples has been completed. These findings are anticipated to notably impact a broad spectrum of applications, including organic semiconductors, optoelectronic devices, polymer solar cells, and polymer waveguides.
Development and validation of a machine learning‐based tool to predict autism among children
Authors: Betts Kim Steven , Chai Kevin , Kisely Steve , Alati Rosa
Published: March 2023

Autism is a lifelong condition for which intervention must occur as early as possible to improve social functioning. Thus, there is great interest in improving our ability to diagnose autism as early as possible. We take a novel approach to this challenge by combining machine learning with maternal and infant health administrative data to construct a prediction model capable of predicting autism disorder (defined as ICD10 84.0) in the general population. The sample included all mother–offspring pairs from the Australian state of New South Wales (NSW) between January 2003 and December 2005 (n = 262,650 offspring), linked across three health administrative data sets including the NSW perinatal data collection (PDC); the NSW admitted patient data collection (APDC) and the NSW mental health ambulatory data collection (MHADC). Our most successful model was able to predict autism disorder with an area under the receiver operating curve of 0.73, with the strongest risk factors for diagnoses found to include offspring gender, maternal age at birth, delivery analgesia, maternal prenatal tobacco disorders, and low 5‐min APGAR score. Our findings indicate that the combination of machine learning and routinely collected admin data, with further refinement and increased accuracy than achieved by us, may play a role in the early detection of autism disorders.
Effects of ketamine‐induced H3K9 hypoacetylation during pregnancy on cardiogenesis of mouse offspring
Authors: Yu Yujuan , Quan Junjun , Zou Mou , Zhao Wei , Su Yujuan , Xu Ying
Published: March 2023

Background

Prenatal exposure to adverse factors can cause congenital heart defects. Ketamine, a widely used anesthetic drug, produces several adverse reactions such as tachycardia, hypertension, and laryngospasm, especially in pediatric patients. This study aimed to detect the effects of ketamine exposure during pregnancy on the cardiogenesis of mouse offspring and the potential mechanisms.

Methods

In this study, ketamine at an addictive dose (5 mg/kg) was administered to mice during early gestation to explore the epigenetic mechanism of its causing cardiac dysplasia. The cardiac morphology of the mouse offspring was observed through hematoxylin–eosin staining and transmission electron microscopy. The heart function of one‐month‐old neonates was detected by echocardiography. The expression of cardiomyogenesis‐related genes was detected by western blot and RT‐qPCR. The acetylation level of histone H3K9 at the Mlc2 promoter and its deacetylase level and activity were detected by CHIP‐qPCR, RT‐qPCR, and ELISA, respectively.

Results

Our data revealed that ketamine exposure during pregnancy could cause cardiac enlargement, myocardial sarcomere disorganization, and decreased cardiac contractile function in mouse offspring. Moreover, ketamine reduced the expression of Myh6, Myh7, Mlc2, Mef2c, and cTnI. The histone H3K9 acetylation level at the Mlc2 promoter was down‐regulated by increasing the histone deacetylase activity and HDAC3 level upon ketamine administration.

Conclusions

Our work indicates that H3K9 acetylation is a vital player in cardiac dysplasia in offspring caused by prenatal ketamine exposure and HDAC3 is a key regulatory factor.
Modern slavery and the Global Reporting Initiative – A bridge too far?
Authors: Burritt Roger Leonard , Christ Katherine Leanne
Published: March 2023

As the Global Reporting Initiative currently provides the most widely used set of voluntary sustainability reporting standards, the question arises as to the extent to which the Initiative's multi‐stakeholder governance is helping towards ending modern slavery in line with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 8. Stakeholder theory and examination of the Initiative's sustainability standards are used, to examine the issue. Evidence from the Initiative's set of universal, topic and sector standards reveals that, while forced and child labour are identified as granular material topics for sustainability reporting, the broader concept of modern slavery has not been recognised as a required material theme for disclosure. One recent exception is voluntary publication of three new sector standards, where the modern slavery term appears to be introduced as a symbolic rather than a substantive notion. Main contributions from the research relate to, first, providing a critique of the multi‐stakeholder foundations for governance as used by the Initiative; second, examination of the results of the Initiative's standard setting process in terms of its standards and their incorporation of modern slavery, from a multi‐stakeholder governance perspective with the hope of improving governance in the future.
Risk, resilience, and recovery in forensic mental health: An integrated conceptual model
Authors: Penney Stephanie R. , Faziluddin Suraya , Simpson Alexander I. F. , Socha Patti , Wilkie Treena
Published: March 2023

In this paper we describe a novel, integrated conceptual model that brings together core elements across structured tools assessing risk for future violence, protective factors, and progress in treatment and recovery in forensic mental health settings. We argue that the value of such a model lies in its ability to improve clinical efficiencies and streamline assessment protocols, facilitate meaningful participation of patients in assessment and treatment planning activities and increase the accessibility of clinical assessments to principal users of this information. The four domains appearing in the model (treatment engagement, stability of illness and behavior, insight, and professional and personal support) are described, and common clinical manifestations of each domain within a forensic context are illustrated. We conclude with a discussion of the types of research that would be needed to validate a concept model such as the one presented here as well as implications for clinical practice and implementation.
Sex‐specific bone and muscular morphological features in ischiofemoral impingement: A three‐dimensional study
Authors: Wang Yining , Liang Wenjie , Chen Yanjun , Li ShaoLin , Ji Hongli , Feng Zhengkuan , Ma Dong , Zhong Shizhen , Ouyang Jun , Qian Lei
Published: March 2023

The study aimed to investigate how hip bone and muscular morphology features differ between ischiofemoral impingement (IFI) patients and healthy subjects among males and females. Three‐dimensional models were reconstructed based on magnetic resonance imaging images from IFI patients and healthy subjects of different sexes. Bone morphological parameters and the cross‐sectional area of the hip abductors were measured. The diameter and angle of the pelvis were compared between patients and healthy subjects. Bone parameters of the hip and cross‐sectional area of the hip abductors were compared between affected and healthy hips. The comparison results of some parameters were significant for females but not males. For females, the comparison results of pelvis parameters showed that the anteroposterior diameter of the pelvic inlet (p = 0.001) and intertuberous distance (p < 0.001) were both larger in IFI patients than in healthy subjects. Additionally, the comparison results of hip parameters showed that the neck shaft angle (p < 0.001) and the cross‐sectional area of the gluteus medius (p < 0.001) and gluteus minimus (p = 0.005) were smaller, while the cross‐sectional area of the tensor fasciae latae (p < 0.001) was significantly larger in affected hips. Morphological changes in IFI patients demonstrated sexual dimorphism, including bone and muscular morphology. Differences in the anteroposterior diameter of the pelvic inlet, intertuberous distance, neck shaft angle, gluteus medius, and gluteus minimus may explain why females are more susceptible to IFI.
Development of the McMaster Embalming Scale (MES) to assess embalming solutions for surgical skills training
Authors: Wang Austine , de SA Darren , Darie Sorin , Zhang Betty , Rockarts Jasmine , Palombella Andrew , Nguyen Laura , Downer Naomi , Wainman Bruce , Monteiro Sandra
Published: March 2023

Human cadavers used for surgical training are embalmed using various methods to facilitate tissue storage and longevity while preserving the natural characteristics required to achieve high fidelity functional task alignment. However, there are no standardized means to evaluate the suitability of embalming solutions for this purpose. The McMaster Embalming Scale (MES) was developed to assess the extent to which embalming solutions allow tissues to achieve physical and functional correspondence to clinical contexts. The MES follows a five‐point Likert scale format and evaluates the effect of embalming solutions on tissue utility in seven domains. This study aims to determine the reliability and validity of the MES by presenting it to users after performing surgical skills on tissues embalmed using various solutions. A pilot study of the MES was conducted using porcine material. Surgical residents of all levels and faculty were recruited via the Surgical Foundations program at McMaster University. Porcine tissue was unembalmed (fresh‐ frozen) or embalmed using one of seven solutions identified in the literature. Participants were blinded to the embalming method as they completed four surgical skills on the tissue. After each performance, participants evaluated their experience using the MES. Internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha. Domain to total correlations and a g‐study were also conducted. Formalin‐fixed tissue achieved the lowest average scores, while fresh frozen tissue achieved the highest. Tissues preserved using Surgical Reality Fluid (Trinity Fluids, LLC, Harsens Island, MI) achieved the highest scores among embalmed tissues. The Cronbach's alpha scores varied between 0.85 and 0.92, indicating a random sample of new raters would offer similar ratings using the MES. All domains except odor were positively correlated. The g‐study indicated that the MES is able to differentiate between embalming solutions, but an individual rater's preference for certain tissue qualities also contributes to the variance in scores captured. This study evaluated the psychometric characteristics of the MES. Future steps to this investigation include validating the MES on human cadavers.
Lindenane‐Type Sesquiterpene Dimers Mitigate Lipopolysaccharide‐Induced Inflammation by Inhibiting Toll‐Like Receptor Signaling
Authors: Yang Xue‐Rong , Song Jing‐Ru , Jiang Xiao‐Hua , Dong Fei , Yan Xiao‐Jie , Li Jian‐Xing , Zhao Xue‐Ying , Li Dian‐Peng , Lu Feng‐Lai
Published: March 2023

Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) recognize pathogen‐associated molecular patterns and trigger an inflammatory response via the myeloid differential factor 88 (MyD88)‐dependent and toll‐interleukin‐1 receptor domain‐containing adapter‐inducing interferon‐β (TRIF)‐dependent pathways. Lindenane type sesquiterpene dimers (LSDs) are characteristic metabolites of plants belonging to the genus Sarcandra (Chloranthaceae). The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential anti‐inflammatory effects of the LSDs shizukaol D (1) and sarcandrolide E (2) on lipopolysaccharides (LPS)‐stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages in vitro, and explore the underlying mechanisms. Both LSDs neutralized the LPS‐induced morphological changes and production of nitric oxide (NO), as determined by CCK‐8 assay and Griess assay, respectively. Furthermore, shizukaol D (1) and sarcandrolide E (2) downregulated interferon β (IFNβ), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) mRNA levels as measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), and inhibited the phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa B p65 (p65), nuclear factor kappa‐Bα (IκBα), Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular regulated kinase (ERK), mitogen‐activated protein kinase p38 (p38), MyD88, IL‐1RI‐associated protein kinase 1 (IRAK1), and transforming growth factor‐β‐activated kinase 1 (TAK1) proteins in the Western blotting assay. In conclusion, LSDs can alleviate the inflammatory response by inhibiting the TLR/MyD88 signalling pathway.
Biodiesel Production by Heterogeneous Catalysis and Eco‐friendly Routes
Authors: Welter Rosilene Andrea , Santana Harrson Silva , Gaziola de la Torre Lucimara , Barnes Mark C. , Taranto Osvaldir Pereira , Oelgemöller Michael
Published: March 2023

Biodiesel is produced on a large scale as an eco‐friendly substitute and additive to fossil fuels. Catalytic homogeneous processes using strong acids, alkalis, and natural oils have been realized in industry. However, these traditional methods have several disadvantages, such as the generation of large volumes of waste, high water and reagent needs, use of hazardous reagents, high operation costs, and utilization of valuable feedstocks and catalysis, respectively. Different solutions have subsequently been investigated, such as cheap alternative feedstocks, co‐solvents and catalysts, sustainable operational conditions, advanced reactor designs and scales, and advantageous pre‐ and post‐reaction treatments. This review explores and analyzes the main aspects of current biodiesel technologies and opportunities. It also describes some advanced improvement strategies.
Etoposide‐Entrapped Progesterone‐Cationic Lipid Nanoaggregates as Selective Therapeutics against Etoposide‐Resistant Colorectal Cancer Cells
Authors: Tanveer Ahmed Mohammed , Sarkar Sampa , Shukla Ravi , Banerjee Rajkumar
Published: March 2023

Drug resistance has a major impact on the treatment of several cancers. This is mainly due to the overexpression of cellular drug efflux proteins. Hence, drug‐delivery systems that can avoid this resistance are needed. We report PR10, a progesterone‐cationic lipid conjugate, as a self‐assembling nanoaggregate that delivers a drug cargo of etoposide, a topoisomerase inhibitor, selectively to cancer cells. In this study, we observed that etoposide nanoaggregates (P : E) caused selective and enhanced toxicity in etoposide‐resistant CT26 cancer cells (IC50 9 μM) compared to when etoposide (IC50>20 μM) was used alone. Concurrently, no toxicity was observed in etoposide‐sensitive HEK293 cells for P : E treatment (IC50>20 μM). The P : E‐treated cancer cells seem to have no effect on ABCB1 expression, but etoposide‐treated cells exhibited a twofold increase in ABCB1 expression, a potent efflux protein for several xenobiotic compounds. This observation supports the notion that the enhanced toxicity of P : E nanoaggregates is due to their ability to keep the expression of ABCB1 low, thus allowing longer intracellular residence of etoposide. In a BALB/c orthotopic colorectal cancer model, the nanoaggregates led to enhanced survival (45 days) compared to etoposide‐treated mice (39 days). These findings suggest that PR10 could be used as a potential cancer‐selective etoposide delivery vehicle to treat several etoposide‐resistant cancers with fewer side effects due to the nonspecific toxicity of the drug.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Chiral 1‐Aryl‐2‐Aminoethanols via Ir‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation
Authors: Zhang Lei , Cao Liming , Sun Maolin , Liang Chaoming , Yang Lei , Ma Yueyue , Cheng Ruihua , Ye Jinxing
Published: March 2023

A straightforward synthesis approach to chiral 1‐aryl‐2‐aminoethanols via the one‐pot asymmetric hydrogenation catalyzed by Ir catalyst was developed. This tandem process involves the in situ generation of α‐amino ketones via the nucleophilic substitution of α‐bromoketones with amines and the Ir‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of ketone intermediates to provide diverse enantiomerically enriched β‐amino alcohols. The excellent yields and enantioselectivities (up to 96 % yield and up to >99 % ee) with a wide substrate scope in this one‐pot strategy were obtained.
Combining Enantioselective Rh‐Catalyzed Conjugate Addition and Ir‐Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation in Stereodivergent, Multicomponent Coupling Reactions to Form Three Stereocenters**
Authors: Qiqige Qiqige , Lundgren Rylan J. , Kong Duanyang
Published: March 2023

Stereodivergent dual catalysis has emerged as a powerful tool to selectively prepare all four stereoisomers in molecules containing two chiral centers from common starting materials. Most processes involve the use of two substrates, and it remains challenging to use dual catalyst approaches to generate molecules having three newly formed stereocenters with high diastereo‐ and enantioselectivity. Here we report a multicomponent, stereodivergent method for the synthesis of targets containing three contiguous stereocenters by the combination of enantioselective Rh‐catalyzed conjugate addition and Ir‐catalyzed allylic alkylation methodologies. Both cyclic and acyclic α,β‐unsaturated ketones undergo β‐arylation using aryl boron reagents to form an enolate nucleophile that can be subsequently allylated at the α‐position. The reactions proceed often with >95 % ee and with >90 : 10 dr. Epimerization at the α‐carbonyl center enables the preparation of any of the eight possible stereoisomers from common starting materials, as demonstrated for cyclohexanone products.
Mixing in High‐Pressure Polymerization Reactors: A Combined Experimental and Modeling Approach
Authors: Ständecke Laura , Gockel Lena , Busch Markus
Published: March 2023

Mixing in low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) reactors is crucial regarding process safety as well as process efficiency. The extreme process conditions of pressures up to 3000 bar make it difficult to get an insight into LDPE reactors. This problem is tackled by a combined experimental and modeling approach. A poly(methylmethacrylate) duplicate of a laboratory high‐pressure reactor is set up to measure residence times and visualize flow lines. Experimental results are then compared to a computational fluid dynamics model.
Das geht runter wie Öl
Authors: Sicker Dieter
Published: March 2023

Das sagt man, wenn man ein schmeichelhaftes Kompliment gehört hat. Aber welches Öl ist gemeint? Etwa Olivenöl, um das es in diesem Beitrag gehen wird?
Real‐world retrospective study of KRAS mutations in advanced non–small cell lung cancer in the era of immunotherapy
Authors: Bironzo Paolo , Cani Massimiliano , Jacobs Francesca , Napoli Valerio M. , Listì Angela , Passiglia Francesco , Righi Luisella , Di Maio Massimo , Novello Silvia , Scagliotti Giorgio V.
Published: March 2023

Background

KRAS mutation‐positive (KRAS‐positive), advanced nonsmall‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is characterized by a poor prognosis. KRAS mutations are extremely heterogeneous from a biologic point of view, and real‐world data by mutation subtype in the era of immunotherapy are still incomplete.

Methods

The objective of this study was to retrospectively analyze all consecutive patients with advanced/metastatic, KRAS‐positive NSCLC who were diagnosed at a single academic institution since the advent of immunotherapy. The authors report on the natural history of the disease as well as the efficacy of first‐line treatments in the entire cohort and by KRAS mutation subtypes as well as the presence/absence of co‐mutations.

Results

From March 2016 to December 2021, the authors identified 199 consecutive patients who had KRAS‐positive, advanced or metastatic NSCLC. The median overall survival (OS) was 10.7 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.5–12.9 months), and there were no differences by mutation subtype. Among 134 patients who received first‐line treatment, the median OS was 12.2 months (95% CI, 8.3–16.1 months), and the median progression‐free survival was 5.6 months (95% CI, 4.5–6.6 months). At multivariate analysis, only an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 2 was associated with significantly shorter progression‐free survival and OS.

Conclusions

KRAS‐positive, advanced NSCLC is characterized by a poor prognosis despite the introduction of immunotherapy. Survival was not associated with KRAS mutation subtype.

Plain Language Summary

This study evaluated the efficacy of systemic therapies for advanced/metastatic nonsmall cell lung cancer harboring KRAS mutations, along with the potential predictive and prognostic role of mutation subtypes.

The authors found that advanced/metastatic, KRAS‐positive nonsmall cell lung cancer is characterized by a poor prognosis and that first‐line treatment efficacy is not related to different KRAS mutations, although a numerically shorter median progression‐free survival was observed in patients who had p.G12D and p.G12A mutations.

These results underline the need for novel treatment options in this population, such as next‐generation KRAS inhibitors, which are in clinical and preclinical development.
The Effect of Miscibility and Morphology of Porphyrin Donors and Non‐Fullerene Acceptors on Exciton Dissociation Processes: A Quantum Chemical and Molecular Dynamics Study
Authors: Wu Li‐Na , Li Ming‐Yang , Huang Jiu‐Chang , Sun Guang‐Yan
Published: March 2023

Porphyrins and their derivatives have been employed extensively in organic solar cells (OSCs) in recent years. However, a deeper understanding of the exciton dissociation process for the porphyrin donor/non‐fullerene acceptor (NFA) interface is still lacking. Herein, we have combined quantum chemistry and molecular dynamics simulations to explore the combination of mono and dimer porphyrin donors with various types of NFAs. The work reveals that the key issue lies in the exciton dissociation process of porphyrin materials, which have strong crystallinity to increase spacing (more than 5.0 Å), resulting in lesser miscibility and weaker intermolecular π‐π stacking. The pathway for exciton dissociation will be limited by the small number of high‐energy charge transfer (CT) states. To solve the above‐mentioned issues, we implement an improved strategy for modifying the side chain of the terminal unit, reducing the stacking distance to 4.4 Å, while the number of CT states reaches up to 40 % (3/A3 style 1). Additionally, the results also indicate the development potential for all porphyrin OSCs, particularly, the charge recombination (kCR) rate of the 1/Rf‐Iso system is lowered by nearly nine orders of magnitude. This research may offer fresh perspectives for extending the application range of porphyrin materials in OSCs.
Why do employees respond differently to corporate social responsibility? A study of substantive and symbolic corporate social responsibility
Authors: Nejati Mehran , Shafaei Azadeh
Published: March 2023

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) plays an increasingly significant role in business and can impact organizational performance and sustainability. However, the degree to which stakeholders see the organization as legitimate may depend on the perceived authenticity of CSR processes and practices. As internal stakeholders, employees have a strong influence on organizational outcomes. CSR, in turn, has been found to positively influence several employee outcomes. To examine the mechanisms of this relationship, this study questioned when and how CSR enhances employees' perceptions and results in affective commitment. Drawing on a time‐lagged sample of 317 full‐time employees in Australia, we found that substantive CSR is positively associated with affective commitment mediated by meaningfulness through work and strengthened with embeddedness, while symbolic CSR is not. Through assessing and controlling for endogeneity threats in analysis, this study provides more accurate empirical insights into the importance of CSR authenticity, offers theoretical contributions to the field, and presents practical implications for organizations in enhancing their CSR planning and practice.
Green finance, environment regulation, and industrial green transformation for corporate social responsibility
Authors: Chen Di , Hu Haiqing , Chang Chun‐Ping
Published: March 2023

In order to meet the strategic goals of carbon peak and carbon neutralization on schedule, it is crucial to examine the effects and limitations of green finance on the green transformation of industry. This research utilizes the entropy method, the Global Malmquist–Luenberger technique, and panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2005 to 2018 to estimate the extent of industrial green transformation and green finance development in each province. It builds static and dynamic panel models to experimentally examine the effect of green finance on industrial green transformation. After introducing environmental regulation (ER), this paper presents how ER influences the link between green finance and industrial green transformation. The research finds the following. (1) According to geographical differences in the growth of green finance and industrial green transformation, the economically developed east region is more advanced than the central and west regions, and the central region is more advanced than the west region. (2) Green finance has a significantly positive impact on industrial green transformation, and this positive influence has certain continuity and inertia. (3) Environmental regulation has a favorable impact on the link between green finance and industrial green transformation; specifically, a rise in the level of environmental regulation stimulates the process of green finance that boosts industrial green transformation. The policy recommendations herein offer reference for the construction of China's green financial system and the promotion of industrial green transformation for CSR.
Solar‐to‐H2O2 Energy Conversion by the Photothermal Effect of a Polymeric Photocatalyst via a Two‐Channel Pathway
Authors: Liu Wei , Xu Run , Pan Weifeng , Li Chao , Huang Niu , Huang Yingping , Ye Liqun
Published: March 2023

With a view to using solar energy, the exploitation of near‐infrared (NIR) light, which constitutes about 50 % of solar energy, in photocatalytic H2O2 synthesis remains challenging. In this study, resorcinol−formaldehyde (RF), which has a relatively low bandgap and high conductivity, is introduced for photothermal catalytic generation of H2O2 under ambient conditions. Owing to the promoted surface charge transfer rate under high temperature, the photosynthetic yield reaches roughly 2000 μm within 40 min under 400 mW cm−2 irradiation with a solar‐to‐chemical conversion (SCC) efficiency of up to 0.19 % at 338 K under ambient conditions, exceeding the rate of photocatalysis with a cooling system by a factor of about 2.5. Notably, the H2O2 produced by RF during photothermal process was formed via a two‐channel pathway, leading to the overall promotion of H2O2 formation. The resultant H2O2 can be applied in situ for pollutant removal. This work offers a sustainable and economical route for the efficient formation of H2O2.
Intensive glucose control and recurrent cardiovascular events: 14‐year follow‐up investigation of the ACCORDION study
Authors: Kloecker David E. , Davies Melanie J. , Pitocco Dario , Khunti Kamlesh , Zaccardi Francesco
Published: March 2023

Aims

While cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes commonly progresses with the occurrence of repeated events, most trials consider the effect of glucose‐lowering strategies only on the first event. We examined the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes trial and its observational follow‐up study (ACCORDION) to investigate the effect of intensive glucose control on multiple events and further identify any subgroup effects.

Materials and Methods

A recurrent events analysis, using a negative binomial regression model, was applied to estimate the treatment effect on different consecutive cardiovascular disease events, including non‐fatal myocardial infarction, non‐fatal stroke, hospitalisation from heart failure, and cardiovascular death. Interaction terms were used to identify potential effect modifiers. The robustness of the results was confirmed in sensitivity analyses using alternative models.

Results

The median duration of follow‐up was 7.7 years. Of the 5128 participants in the intensive and 5123 in the standard glucose control arm, respectively, 822 (16.0%) and 840 (16.4%) participants experienced a single event; 189 (3.7%) and 214 (4.2%) participants experienced two events; 52 (1.0%) and 40 (0.8%) experienced three events; and 1 (0.02%) and 1 (0.02%) experienced four events. There was no evidence of a treatment effect, with a rate difference of 0.0 (−0.3, 0.3) per 100 person‐years comparing intensive versus standard intervention, although with non‐significantly lower event rates in younger patients with HbA1c < 7% and higher event rates in older patients with HbA1c ≥ 9%.

Discussion

Intensive glucose control may not affect cardiovascular disease progression except in select subgroups. Since time‐to‐first event analysis may miss beneficial or harmful effects of glucose control on the risk of cardiovascular disease, recurrent events analysis should be routinely analysed in cardiovascular outcome trials, particularly when investigating long‐term treatment effects.

Clinical trial reg no. NCT00000620, clinicaltrials.gov.
Bystander activation of tissue‐resident memory CD4 T cells: Getting by with a little help from unfamiliar T‐cell friends
Authors: Cornelis Rebecca , Shulman Ziv
Published: March 2023

Reexposure to a pathogen triggers the activation of memory T cells that have already encountered a similar microbe. These long‐lived CD4 T cells either circulate through the blood and tissues or reside within organs and are referred to as tissue‐resident T cells (CD4 TRM). In the current issue of the European Journal of Immunology [Eur. J. Immunol. 2023. 53: 2250247] issue, Curham et al. found that tissue‐resident memory CD4 T cells in the lung and nasal tissues can respond to noncognate immune challenges. CD4 TRM cells, which were formed in response to Bordetella pertussis, proliferated and produced IL‐17A in response to a secondary challenge with heat‐killed Klebsiella pneumonia or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). This bystander response depends on the presence of dendritic cells that provide inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, post K. pneumonia, intranasal immunization with whole cell pertussis vaccine reduced bacterial burden in the nasal tissue in a CD4 T‐cell‐dependent manner. The study indicates that the noncognate activation of TRM may serve as an innate‐like immune response that rapidly develops before establishing a new pathogen‐specific adaptive immune response.
Laccase‐based amperometric biosensor enhanced by Ni/Au/PPy‐COOH multisegmental nanowires for selective dopamine detection
Authors: Evli Sinem , Aktaş Uygun Deniz
Published: March 2023

One‐dimensional Ni/Au/PPy‐COOH nanowires with multiple segments were synthesized in this study. Smooth surfaces and magnetic properties of nanowires were investigated by scanning transmission electron microscopy (SEM), Energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), and Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) techniques. The nanowires were used to modify the screen‐printed electrode surface and as a micro‐environment for Trametes versicolor laccase. The ability of this enzyme biosensor to detect dopamine change in human biological samples was demonstrated by a wide linear range (0.01–50 μM) and a low LOD (2.265 nM). In addition, the biosensor exhibited excellent selectivity allowing the detection of dopamine in the presence of ascorbic acid, uric acid, L‐Cys, serotonin, and glucose, with high sensitivity of reduction currents obtained at −0.2 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). The proposed biosensor allowed the detection of dopamine in commercial serum and artificial urine with recovery values close to 100 %. It also demonstrated reproducibility, reusability, and long‐term storage stability. The sensitivity, Kmapp, and Imax values of the biosensor were determined as 2.05 μM and 1.03 μA, respectively. The LAC‐Ni/Au/PPy‐COOH/NAF/SPE biosensor is a reliable design for detecting dopamine with a wide linear range.
Effect of Ion Species on Quinoxaline Reaction and Its Application in Nonaqueous Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Zhou Pei , Chen Hongning
Published: March 2023

Quinoxaline (Q) is an excellent candidate for anolyte active materials in nonaqueous redox flow batteries (NRFBs) because of its high solubility, low‐reaction potential, and two transfer electrons in organic solvents. However, systematic and in‐depth studies on the electrochemical performance of Q under nonaqueous conditions are still needed. Herein, a systematical study is conducted on the effect of ion species on Q reaction in nonaqueous solvent acetonitrile through a combination of electrochemical measurements and theoretical analysis. In accordance with the rotating disk electrode analysis, the diffusion coefficients of Q under Na+ and tetrabutylammonium (TBA)+ conditions reach 5.031 × 10−6 and 8.563 × 10−6 cm2 s−1, respectively, and the kinetic rate constants are 7.81 × 10−3 and 4.76 × 10−3 cm s−1, respectively. According to in situ UV–vis analysis, Q presents the best electrochemical reversibility under tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate (TBAPF6) and a low‐reaction potential of −1.98 V versus Ag/Ag+, making it a very promising anolyte active material. By coupling with the 1,4‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2,5‐bis (2‐methoxyethoxy)benzene (DBBMEB) catholyte, the DBBMEB‐Q NRFB, which the battery voltage reaches above 2.5 V under both Na+ and TBA+ conditions, is demonstrated. The methodology adopted in this work provides a design method for the high‐voltage and high‐energy‐density redox flow batteries.
Ethnomycological prospect of wild edible and medicinal mushrooms from Central and Southern Africa—A review
Authors: Bastos Claudete , Liberal Ângela , Moldão Margarida , Catarino Luís , Barros Lillian
Published: March 2023

In several regions of Africa, the daily diet is partly dependent on the edible products from wild animals, plants, and mushrooms, driven by their availability, wide distribution in the local environment, and the low incomes of the general population. The documentation of ethnomycological information is particularly important to validate or correct the identification of specimens and the preservation of these natural resources with cultivation potential, thus improving their consumption and utilization for medicinal purposes. The number of wild edible mushroom species consumed varies between different regions of Africa, with around 300 species being documented in the literature. However, despite its rich biodiversity, the African continent is still underexploited, which is reflected in poor food contribution to populations that are often in need. Here, the safe use of mushrooms is guided by the insufficiency of studies that validate their nutritional and medicinal properties, since they are key factors in the suppression of protein deficiency in the everyday diet of the populations and a source of bioactive compounds useful for the formulation of added‐value functional products. Thus, it becomes essential to investigate African mushrooms, not only from the identification point of view, but also in terms of nutritional, chemical, and bioactive characterization, hence deepen the knowledge about this valuable natural resource. Bearing these in mind, the main objective of this study is to systematize the knowledge available in scientific publications and specialized websites, thus gathering information about the valuable profits that come from using these widely appreciated natural products.
Analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in dairy products by modified QuEChERS/GC‐QqQ‐MS/MS method: A risk assessment study
Authors: Kiani Amin , Arabameri Majid , Shariatifar Nabi , Mehraie Abbas , Tooryan Fahimeh , Ghanbariasad Ali , Shahsavari Saeed
Published: March 2023

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are harmful chemicals that are persistent in the environment and can accumulate in the food chain. The purpose of the present research was to assess non‐dioxin‐like polychlorinated biphenyls (NDL‐PCBs) in some dairy products (yogurt, doogh, and kashk) using modified QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) technique and gas chromatography–triple‐quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC‐QqQ‐MS/MS) method and risk assessment study. The LOQs (limit of quantifications), LODs (limit of detections), recovery, and RSD for the PCB analytes were 0.180–0.360, 0.06–0.12 ng/g fat, 97.45–102.63%, and 6.33–8.86%, respectively. The results revealed that the mean concentrations of Ʃ6‐NDL‐PCBs in samples were 15.17 ± 3.44 ng/g fat, which was lower than the standard level established by European Union (EU, 40 ng/g fat). The maximum mean level was PCB 180 (9.98 ± 2.04 ng/g fat) and the minimum mean level of PCBs in samples was PCB 28 (0.09 ± 0.06 ng/g fat). Also, results showed that kashk samples had a maximum mean level of 6‐NDL‐PCBs (18.66 ± 2.42 ng/g fat) and doogh samples had a minimum mean level of 6‐NDL‐PCBs (12.21 ± 2.22 ng/g fat). The mean level of 6‐NDL‐PCBs in yogurt samples was 14.65 ± 2.02 ng/g fat. The heat map results showed the correlation between the spectral indices of 6‐NDL‐PCBs in different dairy products. According to the Monte Carlo method, risk assessment was done using calculating the Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) and Incremental Life Cancer Risk (ILCR). The EDI values of 6 NDL‐PCBs based on the 95th percentile in yogurt, doogh, and kashk were 14.3, 1.49, and 0.5 ng/kg.day, respectively. Considering that the contaminant level in the samples is lower than the EU limit, it can be concluded that dietary exposure to 6 NDL‐PCBs may not pose a risk to the health of consumers.
Interactions between potassium ashes and oxygen carriers based on natural and waste materials at different initial oxidation states
Authors: Purnomo Victor , Hildor Fredrik , Knutsson Pavleta , Leion Henrik
Published: March 2023

One of the most essential features of an oxygen carrier is its ability to be oxidized and reduced in order to transfer oxygen in a chemical looping system. A highly reduced oxygen carrier can experience multiple performance issues, such as decreased reactivity, agglomeration, and defluidization. This is crucial for processes that require limited oxygen transfer from the air reactor to the fuel reactor. Meanwhile, biomasses as environmentally friendly fuel options contain ashes, which would inevitably react with oxygen carriers and exacerbate the performance issues. To mimic the interactions between a highly reduced oxygen carrier and biomass ash compounds, four iron‐based oxygen carriers, based on natural ores and waste materials, and three potassium salts, K2CO3, KH2PO4, and K2SO4, were investigated in a tubular reactor under an atmosphere consisting of 2.5% H2 and 10% steam in Ar and N2 at 900°C for 3 h. The results from the X‐ray diffraction (XRD) material analysis showed that both initially fully oxidized and highly reduced materials reach the same oxidation state after the experiment. Based on the scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy results, K from K2CO3 and K2SO4 diffuses in the oxygen carrier particles, while K from KH2PO4 always forms a distinct layer around the particles. The initial oxidation state of an oxygen carrier surface affects the interactions with the potassium salt only to minor extents. Thus, the final state of the material and its performance in a large‐scale process are only occasionally and mildly affected by its initial oxidation state. © 2023 The Authors. Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
BSSE‐corrected consistent Gaussian basis sets of triple‐zeta valence quality of the lanthanides La‐Lu for solid‐state calculations
Authors: Seidler Leopold Maximilian , Laun Joachim , Bredow Thomas
Published: March 2023

Consistent basis sets of triple‐zeta valence quality for the elements La‐Lu were derived for periodic quantum‐chemical solid‐state calculations. They are an extension of the pob‐TZVP‐rev2 [D. Vilela Oliveira, et al., J. Comput. Chem. 2019, 40(27), 2364–2376], [J. Laun and T. Bredow, J. Comput. Chem. 2021, 42(15), 1064–1072], [J. Laun and T. Bredow, J. Comput. Chem. 2022, 43(12), 839–846] basis sets and are based on the fully relativistic effective core potentials of the Stuttgart/Cologne group and on the def2‐TZVP valence basis of the Ahlrichs group. The basis sets are constructed to minimize the basis set superposition error in crystalline systems. The contraction scheme, orbital exponents, and contraction coefficients were optimized in order to ensure robust and stable self‐consistent‐field convergence for a set of compounds and metals. For the applied PW1PW hybrid functional, the average deviations of the calculated lattice constants from experimental references are smaller with pob‐TZV‐rev2 than with standard basis sets available from the CRYSTAL basis set database. After augmentation with single diffuse s‐ and p‐functions, reference plane‐wave band structures of metals can be accurately reproduced.
Aluminabenzene‐based Lewis superacids and weakly coordinating anions
Authors: Brzeski Jakub
Published: March 2023

Quantum‐chemical calculations were used to describe both the acidity of aluminabenzene‐based Lewis acids and stability of aluminabenzene‐based anions. Aluminabenzene itself was found to exhibit greater acidity than antimony pentaflouride, and thus can be qualified as a Lewis superacid. Substitution of the heterocyclic ring with electron withdrawing groups results in formation of extremely strong Lewis superacids. Two of them, namely AlC5Cl5 and AlC5(CN)5 are the strongest Lewis acids described in the literature so far. Whereas, anions formed after the addition of fluoride anion to substituted aluminabenzene‐based Lewis acids, while characterized by somewhat lower electronic stability than the least coordinating anions hitherto known, are considerably more stable in terms of thermodynamic stability (measured by the propensity to electrophile attack). On this account they are expected to act as counterions for the most reactive cations. The proposed Lewis acids may be prone to the isomerization and dimerization, whereas studied anions are expected to be stable with regard to such processes.
The importance of acculturation orientation in understanding the impact of pre‐ and post‐migration stressors on behavioral health: Evidence from a crisis migrant sample
Authors: Salas‐Wright Christopher P. , Vaughn Michael G. , Maldonado‐Molina Mildred M. , Bates Melissa , Brown Eric C. , García María F. , Rodríguez José , Schwartz Seth J.
Published: March 2023

Objective

We examine the interplay of acculturation orientation, cultural stress, and hurricane trauma exposure with behavioral health among Puerto Rican crisis migrants who relocated to the US mainland after Hurricane Maria.

Method

Participants were 319 adult (Mage = 39 years; 71% female; 90% arriving in 2017−2018) Hurricane Maria survivors surveyed on the US mainland. Latent profile analysis was used to model acculturation subtypes. In turn, ordinary least squares regression was executed to examine the associations of cultural stress and hurricane trauma exposure with behavioral health while stratifying by acculturation subtype.

Results

Five acculturation orientation subtypes were modeled, three of which—Separated (24%), Marginalized (13%), and Full Bicultural (14%)—align closely with prior theorizing. We also identified Partially Bicultural (21%) and Moderate (28%) subtypes. Stratifying by acculturation subtype, with behavioral health (depression/anxiety symptoms) specified as the dependent variable, hurricane trauma and cultural stress accounted for only 4% of explained variance in the Moderate class, a somewhat greater percentage in the Partial Bicultural (12%) and Separated (15%) classes, and substantially greater amounts of variance in the Marginalized (25%) and Full Bicultural (56%) classes.

Conclusion

Findings underscore the importance of accounting for acculturation in understanding the relationship between stress and behavioral health among climate migrants.