bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A review: Recent advancement in the formulation and evaluation of the nanoparticles and its application
Authors: Ankita V. Rathod  , Vinayak A. Katekar  , Swati P. Deshmukh
Published: November 2023

Due to their unique or superior physical and chemical properties compared to bulk material, nanoparticles have become extremely popular in recent years. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of many different types of pharmacological compounds have been altered and improved by using particle systems like nanoparticles. They were used in vivo to prevent the drug entity from leaving the systemic circulation, restrict drug access to the targeted areas, and deliver the drug at a steady and controlled rate to the site of action. To maximize therapeutic benefit while reducing adverse effects, a variety of polymers have been utilized in the nanoparticle drug delivery method. Because of its great selectivity towards the target region, nanotechnology use is significantly important in the field of medicine delivery since it can limit the potentially toxic effects of medication on normal cells. Nanoparticles (NP) play a crucial role and can conjugate with various medications using exact methods to deliver the drug to the target place. The nanoparticle surface is constructed with co-polymers to provide protection from immune cells and ligands to gain affinity inside the course of particular cells. The drug that is attached to nanoparticles can eventually recognize the location, join the target, and enter the cell by receptor-mediated endocytosis. Nanoparticles can then release medications under controlled conditions to treat disorders. Here, the review gives various aspects of the nanoparticle characterization, formulation, evaluation and application in delivery of drug molecules.
Evidence based distribution of protamine 2 genes polymorphism variants in infertile and fertile males in Southwestern Nigeria.
Authors: Oni Emmanuel Sunday  , Wojuade Samuel Kehinde  , Elekima Ibioku  , Edna Ogechi Nwachuku  , Ebirien-Agana Samuel Bartimaeus
Published: November 2023

Protamine 2 is a major core protein of spermatozoa and is important for maintaining male fertility. The aim of the study was to determine the distribution of protamine 2 gene polymorphisms variants in infertile males in Southwestern Part of Nigeria. This is a cross sectional study, consisted of volunteered infertile and fertile male attendees of known Fertility Clinics in Lagos Metropolis, Lagos, Nigeria. The infertile male subjects recruited, were fifty-seven (57) in number and the fertile male subjects (control) were thirty-five in number (35) and were within the age range of 30-59 years old. Semen specimen was collected from each subject in line with WHO guideline for semen analysis into sterile semen containers through masturbation. Sperm DNA from subjects’ sperm cells was extracted by chemical method (protein kinase buffer), quantified using nanodrop 1000 Spectrophotometer and amplified using the PRM II F: 5-AGGGCCCTGCTAGTTGTGA-3’ PRM II R: 3'- CAGATCTTGTGGGCTTCTCG -3' primers on an ABI 9700 Applied Biosystem thermal cycler at final volume of 25 µL for 35 cycles. Sequencing was done using the BigDye Terminator kit on a 3510 ABI sequencer. The results of genetic testing on the flank; 5’-UTR of the PRM 2 gene showed the following variants with polymorphisms and frequencies as follow: rs2069880951 (A>T /T>A) 6 (6.6%), rs1382451565 (C>T) 5 (5.4%), and rs935520555 (G>C) 5 (5.4%), rs1479789045 (G/C>A/ A>G) 4 (4.3%), rs570570800 (C>T/ G>T) 3 (3.3%), rs1281533806 (C>A) 3 (3.3%), rs1434703461 (C>T/ G>T) 3 (3.3%), rs2069881018 (G>C) 3 (3.3%), rs549835830 (G>C) 2 (2.2%), rs2069880888( C>T ) 2 (2.2%), rs997110743 (G>C/C>G), rs1236501997 1 (1.1%), rs119399669 (C>T) 1 (1.1%), and rs1052575569 (G>A/C>A) 1 (1.1%). In this study, there were novel variants of protamine 2 gene polymorphism, identified with reference to the reference sequence of NCBI data base in the infertile and fertile male subjects.
Plant growth promotion characterization of endophytic bacteria from Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr. collected in Tan Hung district, Long An province, Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Thi Phuong Vy  , Dang Thi Ngoc Thanh  , Pham Van Ngot  , Hoang Minh Tam
Published: November 2023

The study aimed to isolate and characterize endophytic bacteria associated with Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr. collected in Tan Hung district, Long An province, Vietnam. Bacterial endophytes were isolated and screened capacity of plant growth promotion by using LGI, Burks’ nitrogen free, NBRIP medium. Quantifying bacterial strain’s probability of nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization and IAA production was based on colorimetric methods. Isolates with the most potential of nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization were identified by using MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry. The results were that eighteen bacterial endophytes were isolated from Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr. roots. They had characteristics of promoting plant growth by nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization and IAA biosynthesis. DD2 and DD18 with the best capacity of nitrogen fixation and phosphate solubilization were identified as Klesiella pneumonia and Priestia megaterium, respectively. Both were previously reported as plant growth promotion bacteria.
Malaria infection: Prevalence among Bangladeshi children at a medical college hospital
Authors: Majedul Hoque  , Samiul Islam  , Md Mohsin Mia  , Iftear Kazim Rafi  , Md Rajib
Published: November 2023

Background: Malaria infection among children under 10 years of age continues to be a serious health concern for these who are at-risk populations. This study's goal was to determine the prevalence of malaria infection among kids at the Shahid Syed Nazrul Islam Medical College in Kishoreganj, Bangladesh, who were 2 to 10 years old. Method: Utilizing the outcomes of microscopic exams (thick drops) recorded in the laboratory registers of the medical center, a descriptive and cross-sectional survey was carried out among children between the ages of 2 and 10 who visited the college hospital between July and December 2022. Results: According to the study, 68 of the 400 children aged 2 to 10 years who were registered throughout the study period tested positive for malaria, translating to a 17% overall prevalence. Males were more likely to contract the disease than females (55 cases, or 13.75%) (figure 1). The majority of cases of malaria infection were found in children aged 8 to 9 (20.75%, 22 cases), followed by children aged 10 and older (17.72%, 14 cases). With 13.6% of instances, the age group with the lowest representation was 5-7 years. The age range of 2-4 years has 15 cases, that was 16.67%.
Gonadosomatic-hepatosomatic index and sex ratio of beardless barb (Cyclocheilichthys apogon) from Lebak Kalong Floodplain, Ogan Komering Ilir, South Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Muslim Muslim  , Reno Irawan  , Azmi Afriansyah  , Ria Fahleny  , Anita Karolina  , Vera Ardelia  , Amanda Catharica
Published: November 2023

The beardless barb (Cyclocheilichthys apogon) is one of the freshwater fish species native to Indonesia. Gonadosomatic index (GSI), hepatosomatic index (HSI), and sex ratio are parameters in the study of fish reproductive biology. The aim of this study was to calculate the gonadosomatic index, hepatosomatic index and sex ratio of C. apogon from the Lebak Kalong Floodplain, Ogan Komering Ilir Regency. A total of 30 C. apogon samples were used in this study. C. apogon samples were dissected to remove gonadal organs and liver organs from the abdominal cavity. The gonads and liver were weighed for the calculation of GSI and HSI, respectively. The results showed that the gonadosomatic index of female C. apogon ranged from 3.33% to 15.83%, and that of males ranged from 1.04% to 7.27%. The hepatosomatic index of female C. apogon ranged from 0.20% to 2.86%, and that of male fish ranged from 0.34% to 1.92%. The gonadosomatic index and hepatosomatic index of female C. apogon were heavier than those of males. The sex ratio was 1:1 (♂:♀). Knowledge of the gonadosomatic index, hepatosomatic index, and sex ratio can be used to determine the reproductive biology aspects of C. apogon. Further studies should be conducted to obtain more information on the reproductive aspects of C. apogon.
Usability evaluation of online transportation using Nielsen model
Authors: Nia Budi Puspitasari  , Yussy Aulia  , Zainal Fanani Rosyada
Published: November 2023

Maxim is one of the online transportation services in Indonesia. Based on the feedback provided by users on the App Store and Google Play store, there are still shortcomings, such as the application often having errors when used, GPS accuracy is not precise, and the system feeling difficult when canceling orders. Based on these problems, usability testing is needed. The method used in this research is usability testing based on the standard Nielsen Model conducted by five respondents. In this study, the Usability System Scale questionnaire was also filled in to get the satisfaction value carried out by 100 respondents using Maxim. The usability test results show that the respondents complained that the payment methods were not varied and there was no customer service chat. This usability test gives results on each indicator: the learnability value of 92%, the efficiency value of 0.42 goals/sec, the error value of 0.1, and the satisfaction value of 57.2.
Factors affecting brand awareness: Case of food industry in Vietnam
Authors: Quang Van Ngo  , Dung Viet Pham
Published: November 2023

Studying the factors affecting the level of brand awareness is one of the basic requirements for businesses to meet the needs of customers. In this research paper, the author has explored the theoretical basis related to brand and brand identity. Based on that, a research model was built with 05 independent variables and 01 dependent variable. The research results show the order of influence of factors on brand awareness: the Brand name factor has the largest beta coefficient (0.393), followed by the logo factor (0.352), slogan (0.352), Brand colors (0.145), Website (0.133). From that basis, the thesis makes suggestions on solutions for a firm of food industry in Vietnam.
Chasing the uncommon: Intra-Abdominal Testicular Tumors case report
Authors: MALKI Mohamed Amine  , KHAYAT Ali  , BALLOUKI Ayoub  , AHSAINI Mustapha  , MELLAS Soufiane  , TAZI Mohammed Fadl  , EL AMMARI Jalal  , EL FASSI Jamal  , FARIH My HASSAN
Published: November 2023

Undescended testicles, a common congenital anomaly, can increase the risk of developing testicular tumors. This case report presents the unique occurrence of an intra-abdominal testicular tumor in a 30-year-old male with a history of cryptorchidism. The patient experienced persistent hypogastric pain, and diagnostic evaluation revealed elevated tumor markers, further indicating the presence of a testicular tumor. Surgical exploration confirmed a 256g differentiated seminoma within the peritoneal cavity. The discussion highlights the increased risk of malignancy associated with cryptorchidism, the limited preventive impact of orchidopexy, and the challenges in early diagnosis due to the non-palpable nature of these tumors. It emphasizes the need for awareness, early diagnosis, and ongoing research to improve the management of intra-abdominal testicular tumors in individuals with cryptorchidism and enhance patient outcomes.
Effect of different face washes on the bacterial pathogens of skin
Authors: Mubeen Mahabub Basha  , Bharathi Balasubramanian  , Deepa C. Philip
Published: November 2023

Pathogens like Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, and Candida species are kept at bay by the skin's natural flora. There are face washes and cleansers on the market now that eliminate specific skin germs and keep healthy skin infection-free. Each volunteer's face was used to take a sample, the sample was taken by gently scraping every surface of the participant's face, including the popped-up Acne, using a sterile swab dipped in normal saline. The gathered samples were cultured on Nutrient Agar, and the organisms that had developed there were recognised by Gram staining and the appropriate biochemical identification and placedin different levels. The organism was then put to the test against several isolated organisms using a sensitivity test (Kirby-bauer Method) using diluted versions of 5 different face washes. Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus spp., Bacillus spp., E. coli, and Klebsiella spp., were among the predominant strains among the 40 different strains that were recovered from the 40 different volunteers .The antimicrobial effects of five commercially available face washes Vicco, Cetaphil, Himalayas, Neem and Tulsi and Ponds were tested on the isolated organisms at dilutions of 1:10. When compared to other face washes, HIMALAYA has the strongest antibacterial activity and the second- highest maximum zone of inhibition against the following microorganisms: Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococci spp., and Klebsiella spp., According to the experiment, face washes PONDS and CETAPHIL have the least antibacterial activity, no zone of inhibition, and are resistant to all five detected organisms.
Classification of cyclones using machine learning techniques
Authors: Sasmita Kumari Nayak
Published: November 2023

In this article, we provide a method for identifying and categorizing cyclones, both tropical and extratropical. The method is designed with the goal of producing a global labeled dataset for cyclones, and it is based on a set of rigorous criteria. The heuristics are defined from date, time, pressure, wind speed, wind directions, latitude and longitudes. Numerous researchers have confirmed that machine learning, a kind of artificial intelligence, can offer a fresh approach to overcoming the limitations of cyclone classification, whether employing a pure data-driven model or enhancing numerical models with machine learning. This article introduces progress based on machine learning in genesis classification, track records, intensities, and extreme weather forecasts associated with tropical as well as extratropical cyclones (such as strong winds and rainstorms and their disastrous impacts). The challenges of cyclones in recent years and successful cases of machine learning methods in these aspects are summarized and analyzed.
The effect of workload and organizational culture on the performance of civil servants: The role of job satisfaction as a mediator at the DIY DPRD Secretariat
Authors: Prima Natalia Nora  , Saefudin Saefudin  , Erwinda Sam Anafih
Published: November 2023

This study aims to investigate the effect of workload and organizational culture with job satisfaction as a mediating variable on the performance of civil servants at the Secretariat of the Regional House of Representatives of Yogyakarta Special Region Province. The research sample used the saturated sampling technique method with a total of 55 civil servant respondents. Research data were obtained through direct distribution of questionnaires. The research data were statistically tested through Smart PLS with a P-Value criterion ≤ 0.05. The results showed that workload has a negative and significant impact on employee performance. While organizational culture has a positive and significant impact on employee performance. In mediation, it is proven that job satisfaction is able to mediate the relationship between workload and employee performance and organizational culture and employee performance.
Factors influencing patient safety culture in hospitals: Literature review
Authors: Ghina Bayna Putri Bauty  , Inge Dhamanti SKM
Published: November 2023

Patient safety is a system that aims to enhance the safety of patient care and prevent injuries resulting from errors during the execution of action. According to the 2011 Minister of Health Regulation concerning Hospital Patient Safety, every hospital is required to undertake patient safety management because hospitals are the most likely locations for patient safety events to occur (Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, 2011). As a result, hospital culture and patient safety are intertwined. There are various factors that affect patient safety culture. Objectives: To determined the various factors that influence the culture of patient safety in a hospital. Methods: Article search is done through ScienceDirect database, Garuda Portal, and Google Scholar. The keywords entered use Indonesian and English, where for Indonesian keywords are "keselamatan pasien" DAN "rumah sakit", while for English are "patient safety" AND "factors" AND "hospital". From the articles found, the author took 5 articles whose articles were in accordance with inclusion criteria and considered relevant to the topic of discussion. Results: Factors that influence patient safety culture in hospitals include, 1) Economic Aspects; 2) Leadership; 3) Culture; 4) Risk Management System and Health Services; 5) Knowledge, Attitudes, and Actions; 6) Analysis of the Situation and Conditions of the Working Environment; 7) Stress Level and Workload of Nurses; 8) Mentoring Program; 9) Nursing Supervision and Evaluation of the Application of Patient Safety Goals; 10) Teamwork; and 11) Organizational Learning. Conclusions: There are various factors that influence the culture of patient safety in hospitals.
Interoperable defense systems for the Malacca strait: A military-civilian approach using sensing technology
Authors: Rudy AG Gultom  , Aris Poniman  , Syachroel
Published: November 2023

The Malacca Strait is a strategically important maritime route, but it is also a hotspot for piracy. To address this problem, a joint military-civilian effort using sensor technology is needed. This study aims to develop a concept for military-civilian interoperability based on sensor technology to support defense systems in the Malacca Strait. The research methodology used includes a literature review of military and civilian interoperability standards, the generation of wave and wind climate maps, and a literature study on HAPS sensor technology. The results showed that interoperability between the Indonesian Navy (TNI AL) and the Indonesian Coast Guard (Bakamla RI) and between TNI AL and the Indonesian Air Force (TNI AU) is still at an ad hoc level, and interoperability between Bakamla RI and TNI AU is still at an isolated level. This situation can be overcome by developing interoperability concepts that can be applied when planning a HAPS deployment. Sensor technology can be used to map area features to narrow down the monitored area. In addition, HAPS can be used to perform real-time maritime surveillance and strengthen the defense of the maritime sector.
Sternal Metastasis in Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma: An Atypical Presentation
Authors: HIND. OUAKRIM  , NADA. EL IDRISSI DAFALI  , SANA. RAFI  , GHIZLANE. El MGHARI  , NAWAL. El ANSARI
Published: November 2023

Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma (FTC), the second most common type of thyroid cancer, accounts for 10-20% of thyroid cancers, primarily affecting individuals over 40, and it tends to spread hematogenously to various organs. It often metastasizes to the lungs (49%) and bones (7-28%), including the spine, pelvis, skull, long bones, and rarely, the sternum. Metastatic FTC carries a poor prognosis, with a 3-21% ten-year survival rate when bone metastases are present. Sternal metastasis from thyroid carcinoma is exceptionally rare and significantly impacts prognosis. In this article, we present an unusual case of a 65-year-old patient who presented with a year-long compressive goiter. Examination revealed a firm, painless nodular goiter and a sternal mass. Tests showed a low TSH, normal T4, and thyroid nodules. Following thyroidectomy, a 7cm vesicular thyroid carcinoma was diagnosed. Sternal metastasis was confirmed through biopsy. The patient underwent sternal mass excision, responded well, and was referred for radioactive iodine therapy. Treatment options for metastases in FTC include surgery, radioactive iodine therapy and radiation. Surgical removal of metastases is crucial in such cases, as it can enhance the effectiveness of subsequent treatments and improve patient outcomes. This comprehensive management approach can offer a better quality of life and extended survival for patients facing this uncommon but challenging situation.
Effect of Alpha Lipoic Acid (ALA) Supplementation in Goat Oocyte In Vitro Maturation Media on Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) Levels
Authors: Akhmad Afifudin Al-Anshori  , Epy Muhammad Luqman  , Widjiati Widjiati
Published: November 2023

Introduction: This study explains about the effect of Alpha Lipoic Acid (ALA) supplementation in goat oocyte In Vitro maturation media on Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) levels and 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels with the aim of determining the status of balanced intracellular redox status and good oocyte quality. Objective: This laboratory experimental study contained three treatment groups: no ALA (P0), 25 μmol/L ALA supplementation (P1), and 50 μmol/L ALA supplementation (P2). SOD and 8-OHdG levels were measured using the ELISA method. SOD levels in group P0 were 1.41±0.40 pg/mL, group P1 were 2.04±0.50 pg/mL, and group P2 were 3.65±1.20 pg/mL. Data on 8-OHdG levels in the P0 group was 51.17±27.58 pg/mL, the P1 group was 11.21±5.98 pg/mL, and the P2 group was 12.66±6.01 pg/mL. Results: The P1 group could not significantly increase the SOD level of the P0 group (p>0.05), while the P2 group could significantly increase the SOD level of the P0 group (p<0.05). Data on 8-OHdG levels in the P1 and P2 groups decreased significantly when compared to the P0 group (p<0.05). Conclusion: ALA supplementation at a dose of 50 µmol/L in goat oocyte In Vitro maturation media can increase SOD levels and reduce 8-OHdG levels.
Primary oto-rhino-laryngological cancers: Epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects about 231 cases in Senegal
Authors: Pangpoukne Sando  , Awa Sadikh Badiane  , Lionel Éric Francis Edimo  , Ndèye Fatou Kane Ba  , Hamadou Rachidou  , Moussa Diallo  , Fatimatou Néné Sarr  , Mouhamadou Bachir Ba  , Kanta Ka  , Salif Baldé  , Doudou Diouf  , Mamadou Moustapha Dieng  , Papa Macoumba Gaye
Published: November 2023

Objective: establish the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic profile of primary cancers of the oto-rhino-laryngological (ENT) sphere in a reference oncology service in Senegal. Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study, conducted at the Joliot Curie Institute of Aristide le Dantec hospital over a 30 months period from January 1, 2020 to June 30, 2022. Results: 231 ENT cancers were collected in our study, with a mean age of 51 years [11; 93]. Females predominated with a sex ratio of 0.88. Alcoholism was noted in 15.1% of cases. Smoking was noted in 23.8%. Alcohol smoking predominated in laryngeal cancer. The oral cavity was the most frequent site (44.6%). The histological nature of the cancers was dominated by squamous cell carcinoma (93.5%). Stages III and IV were in the majority: 62.8% and 23.8% of cases respectively. Neoadjuvant surgery was performed in 11.9% of cases. Chemotherapy was used in 65.1% of cases (including 90.2% for induction). Radiotherapy was used in 42.9% of cases and associated with chemotherapy in 90.7% of cases. Conclusion: ENT cancers are common in Senegal and diagnosed at all ages. Females predominate. The most common cancers are those of the oral cavity. They are discovered at a locally advanced stage and are treated with induction chemotherapy followed by concomitant chemoradiotherapy.
The essentials of stem cell-derived secretome in wound healing
Authors: Dara Yudha Nur Fadhilah  , Dewi Sukmawati
Published: November 2023

As the primary method for encouraging tissue regeneration, stem cells are known to exert paracrine effects. A collection of biocomponents produced by the activated stem cells as the paracrine effect, is called secretomes. It includes the extra-vesicular components and the soluble factors. Secretomes are being used in cell-free stem cell treatments that are currently being developed. The secretome includes cytokines and key growth factors such as VEGF, TGF-β, FGF, PDGF, EGF, bFGF, and HGF; which aid in coordinating cellular communication to stimulate tissue regeneration. Studies have shown the benefits of stem cell-derived secretome applications in the wound healing process. The content of various growth factors in secretomes is known to accelerate wound healing by increasing cellular chemotaxis, and fibroblast contraction, stimulating the proliferation of fibroblast and keratinocyte, and promoting neovascularization through angiogenesis stimulation. Moreover, the secretomes also demonstrated the ability to stimulate the proliferation and migration of skin cells. The use of stem cell-derived secretomes in the future has the potential as an alternative cell-free therapy in various wound healing processes. In this review, we will discuss the potential role of stem cell-derived secretomes for wound healing and how to acquire them. The benefit of secretomes is promising as an alternative cell-free treatment to improve wound healing.
People with intellectual disabilities in today's era: The improvement of the quality of their daily lives and expression and the role of ICTs
Authors: Pinelopi Christani
Published: November 2023

Researchers from all fields have been engaged in dealing with the phenomenon of disabilities and its handling by the societal and policy forms. As a multidimensional and complex phenomenon, it lends itself to many interpretations and approaches, depending on the perspective from which the research is conducted. From a humanitarian perspective, systematic efforts have been made to improve the lives, particularly the psychological and social well-being, of individuals with disabilities to the greatest extent possible. Similarly, the treatment of individuals with intellectual disabilities within the social context, which is the focus of this paper, is no different. Through a historical review of the phenomenon, one can perceive that the position and care of individuals with disabilities, both by society and institutions, and hoe it has changed significantly over time.
Acute toxicity (LD50 values) and neuropharmacological profile of n-hexane fraction of Petiveria alliacea L. (Phytolaccaceae) in mice
Authors: Opeyemi Ezekiel Ojo  , Benjamin Olamide Adegoke  , Akinyele Patrick Adeyemi  , Ifeoluwa Isaac Ogunlowo  , Busayo Onafowoke Oguntola  , Idris Ajayi Oyemitan
Published: November 2023

Background: Petiveria alliacea L. (Phytolaccaceae) ethnomedically is known for its sedative property and beneficial treatment of other central nervous system (CNS) disorders. However, the neuropharmacological properties of the n-hexane extract of this aromatic plant leaf have not been reported, hence this study. Objective: To determine the acute toxicity profile (LD50) and some CNS activities of the n-hexane extract of fresh leaf of P. alliacea (NHEPA) in mice. Method: The fresh leaf of Petiveria alliacea was collected and the n-hexane extract obtained using appropriate technique. The LD50 was determined for both the oral and intraperitoneal (i.p.) route. All treatments were administered via i.p. route. Behavioural activity was evaluated using the novelty-induced behaviour (NIB) to assess rearing, grooming and locomotion; sedative activity was tested on ketamine-induced hypnosis while the anticonvulsant potential was assessed using chemo-convulsants. The mechanism of action was determined using amphetamine as agonist and flumazenil as an antagonist. Results: The LD50 values obtained for the extract was 2450 and 346 mg/kg for oral and intraperitoneal routes respectively. The extract displayed significant CNS depressant activity on all NIB parameters. NHEPA significantly prolonged sleep latency and total sleeping time at 100 and 150 mg/kg. i.p. The extract also offered some mild protection against convulsion across the model used. The probable mechanism of action may include inhibition of monoamine pathways and augmentation of the GABAA- benzodiazepine complex pathway. Conclusion: NHEPA showed CNS depressant activity, exhibited significant sedative activity and mild anticonvulsant activity.
Formulation and evaluation of antibacterial herbal deodorant stick
Authors: Akshatha R S  , Manasa C Reddy  , Ranjitha Suresh  , Thanushree H R
Published: November 2023

Deodorant products inhibit the growth and activity of bacteria that degrade the apocrine gland in the armpit. Despite their effective antibacterial properties, common antibacterial agents such as triclosan and aluminum salts increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease, breast and prostate cancer, and contact dermatitis. As a consequence, plant extracts with antibacterial properties are useful. This research study was carried out by opting the Sunflower wax, Virgin coconut oil, Rosemary oil & Lavender oil. Rosemary oil & Lavender oil are reported to possess antibacterial activity. Herbal deodorant sticks were prepared and characterized for physical observations, pH measurement, softening point test (Softening time), breaking load test (Breaking point test), spreadability, stability test and antibacterial study. The prepared sticks were also compared with two different Marketed Deodorant Sticks. The result data shows that prepared herbal deodorant stick is equally stable in comparison with marketed deodorant sticks and has shown significantly comparable antibacterial effect.
Investigation of possible heavy metal contaminants of Zingiber officinale rhizomes and Allium sativum bulbs sourced from a market in Enugu State of Nigeria using rat models
Authors: Daniel Ikechukwu Oraekei  , Peter Chibueze Ihekwereme  , Daniel Lotanna Ajaghaku  , Markben Nnamdi Adione  , Onyeka Chinwuba Obidiegwu
Published: November 2023

Natural products such as plants, animals, microorganisms, and aquatic organisms have been employed by humans from ancient time for treatment and prophylaxis of diseases. In the last decade, attention is being diverted towards traditional medicine partly due to high cost of synthetic and semi-synthetic drugs, increase in multidrug resistant disease causing microorganisms, and unavailability of certain drugs. A major limitation is heavy metal contamination. This study is aimed at investigating the possible heavy metal contaminants of Zingiber officinale rhizomes and Allium sativum bulbs sourced from a market in Enugu State of Nigeria using rat models. Phytochemical analysis and acute toxicity studies were done according to standard methods with slight modifications. The Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) technique was used for extraction and assay of the possible heavy metal contaminants. The phytochemicals in Zingiber officinale were alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, steroids and terpenoids and those of Allium sativum were alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, and glycosides. The actual lethal doses (actual LD50) of Zingiber officinale, Allium sativum and combination of the two were 8,660, 4,472, and 5,477 mg/kg body weight respectively. The respective amounts of the tested heavy metals (lead, cadmium, mercury, chromium and arsenic) present in the samples were 0.041, 0.082, 0.084, 0.061 and 0.041 ppm in Zingiber officinale and 0.012, 0.018, 0.039, 0.045 and 0.030 ppm in Allium sativum. These were below the WHO permissible limits. This study therefore concluded that heavy metals contamination of herbal products are inevitable but can be controlled and minimized to WHO acceptable limit.
CFD analysis in investigating the impact of turbine blade number on the performance of hydro turbine
Authors:   Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya, Arifin Fatahul , Maulana Ade Putra , Indrayani Indrayani
Published: November 2023

The demand for electrical energy in Indonesia is growing, and therefore more effort is required to fulfill this need. Indonesia has considerable hydropower potential due to its geographical location and climate, by utilizing areas that have this potential to support the government's renewable energy program to provide electricity to the community. Impeller turbines are one option in an effort to create renewable energy generation. In this study, a comparison of the number of turbine blades was carried out using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method, three models are 11, 13, and 15 blade impeller turbines designed at water with a runner diameter of 200 mm, blade thickness of 2 mm and an angle of 30 degrees then simulated using Comsol Multiphysics against different water flow rates. The simulation results show that the 11-bladed turbine model I has better performance because it has a lower pressure value but has a better velocity value compared to the two models simulated
Effect of cooling media on hardness and microstructural changes in S45C carbon steel during heat treatment process
Authors:   Sekolah Tinggi Warga Surakarta Indonesia, Priyambodo Bambang Hari , Laili Reni , Suhartoyo Suhartoyo
Published: November 2023

S45C Carbon steel is commonly used in the manufacturing of structural or machine components due to its numerous advantages. However, to fulfill its intended purpose, the mechanical properties of this material require improvement. One approach to achieve this is through heat treatment using different cooling fluids. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effect of varying cooling fluids on heat treatment of S45C carbon steel, specifically its hardness and microstructure changes. The experimental method employed involves heating the specimens in a furnace at 850oC for 30 minutes, followed by cooling using different fluids, namely water, ice water, and oil. The results showed that faster cooling led to an increase in hardness. In particular, the specimens cooled using water, ice, and oil yielded hardness values of 697 HV, 481 HV, and 248 HV, respectively. The highest hardness value of 697 HV was achieved using ice water, indicating an increase of around 281%. The phase changes observed on the surface of the specimen showed the dominance of martensite.
Experimental investigation on strain behavior of jute/polyester composite with an open hole under axial loading
Authors:   Politeknik Negeri Malang, Murdani Anggit , Amrullah Utsman Syah , Takwim R.N. Akhsanu
Published: November 2023

Mechanical assembly requires joint mechanism involving fasteners and holes. Deformation of the holes will greatly affect the integrity of the mechanical joins. This research objective is to reveal the strain behavior of jute/polyester composite containing open hole under axial loading. It is very important to know the behavior of the strain surrounding the hole under loading. Experiments were carried out by preparing jute/polyester composites. The composites were manufactured by using a vacuum infusion method. There are two configurations of the number of laminations, i.e., 3 and 5 sheets and of hole sizes, i.e., 5 and 10mm holes. An axial load is applied to the specimen through a tensile test. Strain gauges are attached near the holes, axially and laterally. Strain in axial and lateral directions in the vicinity of a hole is recorded and presented. The research result shows that the strain gauges located parallel to the loading axis indicate a positivestrain value. On the other hand, the strain gauges located lateral to the loading axis indicate a negative value. Furthermore, the strain gauges located beside the hole in the direction parallel to the loading axis indicate the highest strain value in all types of specimens.
The effect of friction spot stir welding in double rivet lap joint installation of aluminum 2024-T3 on the strength of shear tests
Authors:   Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Kedirgantaraan Yogyakarta Indonesia, Nawawi Ahmad imam
Published: November 2023

The process of joining materials is very necessary to facilitate the manufacture of industrial products. Among these connections are rivets, bolts, nails, glue, and welding which is mostly done on metal materials. The aircraft skin is usually connected with rivets through a drilling process. Joining metal materials, especially aluminum, uses many welding techniques. The welding method currently being developed is Friction Stir Welding (FSW). FSW developed the Friction Stir Spot Welding (FSSW) process in joining metals, especially in this study using 2024-T3 aluminum. The purpose of combining the rivet method with FSSW is to see the material’s mechanical characteristics when applied to aluminum material. The FSSW method uses a 2500 RPM engine speed milling machine using a blunt tool holder with a pin dimension of 2.5 mm. It is carried out using a pneumatic drill using a drill bit with a dimension of 2.5 mm. Aluminum 2024-T3 has of 200×20×2 mm dimensions, a hole spacing of 15 mm with double rivet lap joint installation. The results showed that the FSSW variation had a higher tensile shear strength of 2.8% than the drilling variation. However, the hardness value in the drilling variation is 56.3% higher than the FSSW variation in the Heat Affected Zone (HAZ). Microstructural observations also indicate differences in the HAZ region, where the FSSW is reduced in size and longer. This is due to the heat treatment process due to friction between the pin tool and the aluminum, thus changing the structure.
An investigation into the crashworthiness criteria of a top-hat structure with a dent-type crush initiator through numerical analysis
Authors:   Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional Indonesia, Purnama Harry
Published: November 2023

Ensuring the safety of passengers and the battery compartment in electric vehicles during frontal collisions is of utmost importance. This research aims to enhance the design of the top-hat structure used in car front rails by incorporating a crush initiator as the weakest section. The addition of a crush initiator optimizes the crashworthiness criteria by reducing peak force and increasing energy absorption. Numerical simulations were conducted using ABAQUS to validate the findings and compared against experimental results from references. The results demonstrate that the development of a top-hat structure with a dent-type crush initiator led to 27.5% decrease in peak force and 18.75% increase in energy absorption. The improvements in peak force and energy absorption could reduce the impact force and allow the crumple zone to completely absorb the kinetic energy during a collision, positively affecting the safety of passengers and battery compartments in electric vehicles
Destinasi Kampung Minang Nagari Sumpur: Wisata Budaya Berbasis Kearifan Lokal
Authors: Masesa Sesy , Fatimah Siti
Published: November 2023

Kampung Minang Nagari Sumpur merupakan salah satu desa wisata yang terletak di Kecamatan Batipuh Selatan, Kabupaten Tanah Datar. Desa wisata Kampung Minang Nagari Sumpur memiliki 70 bangunan rumah gadang dan potensi budaya dengan kearifan lokal penduduknya yang telah diwariskan secara turun temurun dan masih dilestarikan hingga saat ini. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah mengetahui bagaimana proses pengembangan destinasi budaya berbasis kearifan lokal di Desa Wisata Kampung Minang Nagari Sumpur. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis bagaimana pengembangan Desa Wisata Kampung Minang Nagari Sumpur berbasis kearifan lokal. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sejarah yang terdiri dari empat tahap, yaitu pengumpulan data (heuristik), kritik sumber, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, terdapat lima budaya dengan kearifan lokal masyarakat Nagari Sumpur yang dijadikan sebagai pendukung wisata minat khusus, antara lain; mahakarya rumah gadang, kearifan lokal upacara adat, kesenian anak nagari, dan kuliner khas, serta pelestarian lingkungan. Temuan-temuan tersebut merupakan kebiasaan masyarakat setempat yang telah mengikuti perkembangan zaman.
Partisipasi Masyarakat dalam Pelestarian Budaya Lokal Melalui Festival Bimbang Nagari di Nagari Tluk Kualo Inderapura Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan
Authors: Abdul Husen Muhammad , Eka Putri Nora
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Partisipasi masyarakat dalam pelestarian budaya lokal melalui festival bimbang nagari di Nagari Tluk Kualo Inderapura. Penelitian ini diolah dengan teknik analisis quasi kualitatif dengan metode simple research desain. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan adalah melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa partisipasi masyarakat dalam pelestarian budaya lokal melalui festival bimbang nagari di Nagari Tluk Kualo Inderapura dapat dikatakan baik namun juga dibatasi oleh permasalahan keseharian masyarakat. Hal ini dianalisis dari model partisipasi masyarakat Uphoff, Cohen, dan Gold Smitsh yaitu partisipasi pengambilan keputusan berupa keikutsertaan dalam panitia dan perencanaan pelaksanaan. Partisipasi pelaksanaan kegiatan berupa partisipasi fisik dalam bentuk harta dan tenaga serta partisipasi non fisik berupa ide dan gagasan. Partisipasi pengambilan manfaat dilakukan oleh masyarakat dengan mengambil manfaat berupa pengembangan UMKM dan pelestarian budaya lokal. Partisipasi evaluasi kegiatan dilaksanakan setelah akhir kegiatan dengan mengikutsertakan seluruh panitia dan unsur masyarakat dari pemuda, tokoh masyarakat dan tokoh seni. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah bahwa masyarakat Nagari Tluk Kualo Inderapura sudah ikut berpartisipasi dengan baik hal ini karena masyarakat sudah ikut berpartisipasi dari pengambilan keputusan hingga evaluasi kegiatan.
The Weak Link Theory: A New Hypothesis in Muscle Physiology.
Authors: Khan Hassan Raza
Published: November 2023

The ”Weak Link Theory” proposes a unique perspective on muscle physiology, suggesting that muscle fibers exhibit vulnerability during the recovery phase after high-intensity exercise, which, if not allowed to fully heal, may lead to potential muscle fiber damage. This paper presents the theory, its rationale, and potential implications for resistance training and muscle growth.
Brief Overview: A Draft Framework for Risk-Based Prioritization & Evaluation of Additives & Polymer-associated Chemistries
Authors: Davis Craig , Maurer Laura , Nyambego Hesbon , Serrano Kate , Maberti Silvia , Key Trent
Published: November 2023

Widespread global use of polymers and plastic has led to increased stakeholder interest in the health & environmental assessments of these materials. Formal frameworks (i.e., RISK21, Canadian ERC) may require specific data types, developed with prescribed methods, and largely focused on non-polymeric substances. These data are not always available and can result in inaction, or conservative decision making. This is due to the propensity for regulatory or policy decisions to rely primarily on hazard information, without comprehensively considering exposure information. Assessing risk and making risk-based decisions requires deliberate consideration of a complex, and often dynamic, suite of information. For risk assessments that are highly challenging (e.g., large numbers of substances), approaches which screen and prioritize data inputs is a practical methodology for parsing out and addressing complexity in a stepwise approach. This framework for screening and prioritizing additives and polymer-associated chemistries (APAC) was developed to parameterize the large, diverse set of chemistries that are utilized in the manufacture and processing of polymers by considering relative chemical hazards and potential polymer-related exposure profiles together to form the initial basis for a practical and informed risk assessment. The framework leverages existing datasets, mines global databases, and utilizes predictive modeling methodology in a tiered approach to move toward the future goal of fit-for-purpose polymers risk assessments, and is intended to be an accessible approach for all stakeholders with interest in polymers risk assessment.The purpose of communicating this abbreviated draft approach via the Center for Open Science is to allow for rapid, high-level dissemination of key framework elements to allow for public feedback via the platform. Feedback on potential for broad utility by stakeholders across a range of experience levels, as well as potential for framework uptake related to risk-based initiatives, are of particular interest. Input from stakeholders in the form of the survey response(s) (https://app.sli.do/event/eXhC9yG6WQrQnFuFzb2NsR) may be considered for incorporation into the finalized, peer-review submission of the full framework.
What evidence exists regarding the impact of biodiversity on human health and well-being? A systematic map protocol
Authors: Li Honghong , Jansen Raf Erik Veerle , Sijuwade Charis , Macura Biljana , Giusti Matteo , Jorgensen Peter Sogaard
Published: November 2023

Background: Global biodiversity is rapidly declining, yet we still do not fully understand the relationships between biodiversity and human health and well-being. As debated, the loss of biodiversity or reduced contact with natural biodiversity may lead to more public health problems, such as an increase in chronic disease. There is a growing body of research that investigates how multiple forms of biodiversity are associated with an increasingly diverse set of human health and well-being outcomes across scales. This protocol describes the intended method to systematically mapping the evidence on the associations between biodiversity from microscopic to planetary scales and human health and well-being from individual to global scales.Methods: We will systematically map secondary studies on the topic by following the Collaborations for Environmental Evidence Guidelines and Standards for Evidence Synthesis in Environment Management. We developed the searching strings to target both well established and rarely studied forms of biodiversity and human health and well-being outcomes in the literature. A pairwise combination search of biodiversity and human health subtopics will be conducted in PubMed, Web of Science platform (across four databases) and Scopus with no time restrictions. To improve the screening efficiency in EPPI reviewer, supervised machine learning, such as a bespoke classification model, will be applied at title and abstract screening stage, with priority screening as a promoter in training the model with sufficient dataset and fall-back option if the model does not perform well. A consistency check between at least two independent reviewers will be conducted during screening (both title-abstract and full-text) and data extraction process. No critical appraisal will be undertaken in this map. We may use topic modelling (unsupervised machine learning) to cluster the topics as a basis for further statistical and narrative analysis.