bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Galvanising social innovation in gambling harms reduction: a process evaluation of a multi-component Community of Practice
Authors: Mills Thomas , Evans Jo , Jenkins Catherine L. , Grimes James , Reavey Paula , Wills Jane , Sykes Susie
Published: November 2024

Background:

Communities of Practice (CoPs) are increasingly used in health and non-health sectors globally. Evidence suggests that CoPs can support health promotion activities, but the research mainly encompasses formal, professional contexts: the role and contribution of CoPs in community-centred health promotion has not been explored. This paper presents a process evaluation of a CoP that aimed to facilitate social innovation among voluntary, community, faith and social enterprise (VCFSE) organisations. Hosted by a city-region government in England, VCFSE organisations were invited to join a CoP to enable the development and implementation of their ideas for addressing gambling harms.

Methods:

The process evaluation sought to develop mid-level programme theory for the use of CoPs in community-centred health promotion. Data collection consisted of 33 qualitative interviews with stakeholders, as well as project reporting. Data were organised using a framework approach which supported the construction of themes and a complex intervention model. The research team reflected on these to develop the programme theory.

Results:

The CoP facilitated the development of community-centred interventions for addressing gambling harms through a two-track process: first, a community of VCFSE staff was formed, whose understanding of gambling harms was nurtured through discussions led by people with Lived Experience; second, the CoP contributed to project development via collaboration, knowledge sharing and an integrated referral pathway, although project-level benefits were uneven. Learning was generated in community engagement, training, education, support and social campaigns.

Conclusions:

The findings confirm the combined effectiveness of a CoP, varied VCFSE projects and people with Lived Experience to co-create an evolving knowledge-base for a city-region government’s gambling harms reduction strategy. CoPs may therefore complement partnership working in community settings, although additional training support may be required in comparison with CoPs involving health professionals. The city-region government’s approach could be replicated in other emerging public health areas.
Deaths Related to New-Onset Seizures After Vaccination
Authors: Prahlow Joseph A.
Published: November 2024

Background: Adverse effects following vaccination are well-known. While most effects are mild and transient, some may be severe or even lethal. Particularly with regard to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccinations, which were “fast-tracked,” it is incumbent upon the medical community to be diligent in identifying potential vaccine-associated adverse events so that physicians and patients can make truly informed decisions when considering the risks versus benefits of vaccination. Objective: To provide an in-depth discussion about post-vaccination seizures, particularly with regard to COVID-19 vaccinations. Research Design: Retrospective review of two cases where death was deemed to be the result of new-onset seizures; in each case, the seizures began shortly following vaccination. Subjects: In one case, death was certified by the primary care physician, without implicating the recent COVID-19 vaccination. In the other case, certified by the medical examiner, recent simultaneous vaccination with a COVID-19 vaccine and an influenza vaccine were considered to be contributory to death. Measures: The case specifics are presented for each case, including clinical work-up (both cases) and autopsy findings (one case). Conclusions: When attempting to determine whether or not a seizure-related death is due to a vaccine-induced new-onset seizure disorder, forensic pathologists need to rule-out other explanations for the seizures. Although a temporal association between seizures and vaccination is not sufficient, in and of itself, to prove causality, the temporal association, in combination with the absence of another explanation for seizures, and knowledge of similar cases in the medical literature, is sufficient to ascribe a causal role to the vaccination.
Synthesis, O-GlcNAc Modification, and Potential Applications of N-Acetylglucosamine Derivatives
Authors: Wang Boyuan , Mao Jiale , Ma Yihan , Ke Ming , Zhao Wei , Butt Usman Dawood , Liu Shuang , Zhang Xiaoqin , Zhang Zunjing
Published: November 2024

N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) is a versatile monosaccharide with broad applications in medicine, food, and cosmetics due to its antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-tumor properties. Efficient synthesis methods for GlcNAc remain a prominent research focus. O-GlcNAc modification, prevalent in nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins, is of particular interest, especially regarding the catalytic mechanism of the O-GlcNAcase (OGA) enzyme. Enzymatic processes using chitin as a substrate, yield GlcNAc-based oligosaccharides, offering diverse health benefits including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and antimicrobial effects. This review examines GlcNAc preparation methods, O-GlcNAc modification mechanisms, and the applications of GlcNAc-based oligosaccharides in various fields.
Nonunion and Calcaneocuboid Subluxation Are Minimal After Evans Osteotomy Without Fixation
Authors: Rodriguez-Materon Solangel , Miles Megan , Hsu Nigel , Gallagher Brian , Guyton Gregory
Published: November 2024

Background

Fixation of the Evans osteotomy for flatfoot correction has been advocated without supporting data to facilitate union and avoid calcaneocuboid subluxation. We examined these issues in the largest reported series of Evans procedures to date.

Methods

A total of 118 cases from a consecutive series of 137 patients who underwent Evans osteotomy without fixation by a single surgeon were available for review. Average follow-up was 62.5 weeks. Bony union and radiographic measurements including calcaneocuboid subluxation were evaluated.

Results

Union occurred in 117/118 cases (99.2%). Calcaneocuboid subluxation increased minimally compared to preoperative values (1.5 ± 2.3 mm). The mean wedge size was 7.1 ± 1.4 mm. All radiographic measurements of the longitudinal arch improved.

Conclusion

The Evans osteotomy without fixation demonstrated near-universal union and minimal calcaneocuboid subluxation. The frequent use of additional osteotomies in our series might have allowed the use of smaller wedges and contributed to our favorable results.

Level of Evidence:

4
A Narrative Review of Softball Pitching Workload and Pitch Counts in Relationship to Injury
Authors: Zaremski Jason L. , A. Holtz Kaila , L. Downs Talmage Jessica , Ulman Sophia , Oliver Gretchen D.
Published: November 2024

Context:

Fastpitch softball is a popular women’s sport in the United States, and participation rates are increasing. There is growing concern about the prevalence of overuse injuries in softball pitchers at all competitive levels. Pitching workload in softball may be a modifiable risk factor and will be discussed in this narrative review.

Evidence Acquisition:

A review of softball injury research related to workload available in electronic databases, including PubMed, Medline, and EBSCO.

Study Design:

Clinical review.

Level of Evidence:

Level 4.

Results:

There is a paucity of research evaluating workload (inclusive of internal and external risk factors) including pitch counts in women’s softball. In particular, research has shown that pitchers report increasing fatigue and pain over a game and weekend tournament, and that the number of pitches thrown by pitchers varies widely. One study showed that pitchers throwing >85 pitches per game had an increased risk of injury over the season. As of 2023, no established pitch count restrictions exist in the United States or Canada. Further research, particularly at high school and collegiate levels, is needed.

Conclusion:

Softball pitchers are at an increased risk of overuse injury and further research is needed to recommend specific workload interventions such as pitch counts. Strength-of-Recommendation Taxonomy (SORT): B.
‘Settler’ and ‘internal’ colonialism in ‘Canada’: Reconciling competing conceptual approaches to Canadian Colonialism in the North
Authors: Bernauer Warren
Published: November 2024

Geography scholarship about Indigenous politics in Canada frequently draws upon ideas from the field of settler colonial studies (SCS). Yet, criticisms of SCS and the application of its concepts to Canadian contexts are becoming increasingly common. Such criticisms include: an overly rigid distinction between settler colonialism and so-called ‘franchise’ colonialism, a tendency to rely on a small number of non-Indigenous scholars as foundational thinkers in the field and a lack of attention to the ways in which Canadian colonialism has varied across space-time. This article argues that re-engaging the concept of ‘internal colonialism’ – an older approach that focuses on identifying parallels between the imperialist domination of the third world and the colonial subjugation of peoples that are ‘internal’ to nation states – can help advance our understanding of Canadian colonialism.
Parental phubbing, loneliness, and adolescent materialism: A cross-lagged panel study
Authors: Wang Pengcheng , Yin Lipeng , Ouyang Mingkun , Wang Wei , Lei Li
Published: November 2024

An increasing number of researchers are focusing on the adverse consequences of parental phubbing, however, it remains unstudied whether and how parental phubbing impact adolescent materialism. To address the research gap, we investigated the temporal and bidirectional relationships between parental phubbing, loneliness, and adolescent materialism. To be thorough, the mediating role of loneliness and the moderating role of gender were examined. Data were collected from 1,447 Chinese adolescents in June 2019 (T1) and January 2020 (T2). The results showed that T1 parental phubbing positively predicted T2 adolescent materialism, and T1 adolescent loneliness positively predicted T2 materialism, whereas neither of the reverse associations held. There were bidirectional relationships between parental phubbing and adolescent loneliness. Loneliness mediated the association between parental phubbing and subsequent adolescent materialism. There were no gender differences in these relationships. These findings enrich the literature by providing the first empirical support for how parental phubbing increases adolescent materialism.
Subarachnoid hemorrhage in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: A scoping review
Authors: Rosca Elena Cecilia , Al-Qiami Almonzer , Cornea Amalia , Simu Mihaela
Published: November 2024

Objective:

Subarachnoid hemorrhage has high mortality and substantial long-term morbidity. Although SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with hypercoagulopathy, patients may also present subarachnoid hemorrhage. We aimed to synthesize the clinical and paraclinical characteristics, treatment responses, and outcomes of this neurologic complication.

Methods:

The population included adults and children, and studies investigated patients with subarachnoid hemorrhagein the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We included prospective, retrospective, observational, or interventional studies. We systematically reviewed LitCOVID and the COVID-19 WHO database until February 2023, following a published protocol. Results are presented in tabular form to provide a descriptive summary of the findings.

Results:

We included 107 patients (30 aneurysmal SAH—aSAH, 52 non-aSAH confirmed by vascular imaging, and 25 without vascular imaging). Subarachnoid hemorrhage was concomitant or developed a few weeks after infection. Severity of COVID-19 ranged from asymptomatic (27.8% aSAH, 5.5% non-aSAH) to severe (50% aSAH, 75% non-aSAH). Patients presented inflammatory markers (25% aSAH, 81%non-aSAH), thrombocytopenia (12.5% aSAH, 28.6% non-aSAH), and impaired coagulation (0% aSAH, 28.6% non-aSAH). SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in the cerebrospinal fluid was negative in seven patients. Brain samples were positive for SARS-CoV-2 in one case.

Conclusions:

An inadequate infection response may change aneurysmal size and morphology, with rupture tendency. Renine–angiotensine–aldosteron system disruption with hypertension and cough increases pressure on aneurysmal walls. Furthermore, mycotic and dissecting aneurysms were reported. Non-aSAH accompanies infection-related complications such as cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, or intracerebral hemorrhage. Cytokine release syndrome, endothelial dysfunction, and SARS-CoV-2 affinity for angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors may induce vasculitic processes. Cough precipitates arterial dissection. Hypoxic brain injury, immune thrombocytopenia, and some COVID-19 medications increase bleeding risks.
Rare case pulmonary aspergillosis in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: A case report
Authors: Khateb Aiah M , Barefah Ahmed S , Bahashwan Salem M , Radhwi Osman O , Ageely Ghofran A , Safdar Osama , Azhar Esam I
Published: November 2024

Invasive fungal infections are considered a threat to hematological malignancy patients (HM). We report here a rare case of pulmonary aspergillosis in a patient diagnosed with leukemia at King Abdulaziz University Hospital. The patient received three cycles of chemotherapy and presented with febrile neutropenia and his fungal culture was repeatedly negative while signs of aspergillosis in a computed topography (CT) scan were evident. The patient was successfully recovered after 6 weeks of voriconazole treatment.
Efficacy of the cigarette-burning application combined with medication intervention for smoking cessation in China: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wei Xiao-Wen , Qin Rui , Liu Yong-Zhuang , Liu Zhao , Cheng An-Qi , Zhou Xin-Mei , Su Zheng , Cui Zi-Yang , Li Jin-Xuan , Zhao Liang , Xiao Dan , Wang Chen
Published: November 2024

Background

Although smartphone application for smoking cessation was considered a promising strategy, there were scarce studies on the combination of usual interventions and apps for smoking cessation in China. Our study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the Cigarette-Burning application combined with medication intervention for smoking cessation.

Methods

A parallel, open-label randomized clinical trial was conducted with a ratio of 1:1 allocation into the bupropion plus app group and bupropion group. All participants received bupropion intervention. Besides, participants in the bupropion plus app group were required to download and use the Cigarette-Burning app. Follow-up visits were conducted at weeks 1, 2, 4, 9, 12, and 24 after initiation of treatment.

Results

Four hundred participants were eventually included and analyzed from July 2019 to June 2021. The continuous abstinence rate at 9–12 weeks was significantly higher in the bupropion plus app group (39.5%) than in the bupropion group (27.5%) (OR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.04–2.60, p < .05). The similar result was found for the 24-week sustained abstinence rate. The results of subgroup analysis expressed that the 9–12 weeks continuous abstinence rate in the bupropion plus app group was significantly higher than the bupropion group when the age of participants ≥ 50, the education level was college and above, FTND scores > 5, age at starting smoking ≤ 18 ( p < .05).

Conclusions

Our study found that the intervention combined with the Cigarette-Burning smartphone application is more effective than medication alone, and the application for smoking cessation could be an accessible complement to smoking cessation medication treatment.
Feasibility and acceptability of design and conduct of a registry-based randomised clinical trial evaluating eVIS as a digital support for physical activity in interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation programs: A randomised pilot study
Authors: Sjöberg Veronica , Monnier Andreas , Tseli Elena , LoMartire Riccardo , Hagströmer Maria , Björk Mathilda , Äng Björn , Vixner Linda
Published: November 2024

Background

Patients with chronic pain often struggle to engage in physical activity despite its health benefits. The eVISualisation of physical activity and pain intervention (eVIS) was developed to support adherence to physical activity plans in Interdisciplinary Pain Rehabilitation Programs (IPRPs) by visualising activity, pain levels, pain interference, and pharmacological use. This pilot study assesses the feasibility and acceptability of trial design and trial conduct of a registry-based randomised clinical trial (R-RCT).

Method

This randomised clinical pilot study included the first 10% (n = 39, mean age 43.5, 74.4% females) of the R-RCT sample (n≈400). Participants with non-cancer chronic pain from six IPRP units were randomly assigned to either the intervention group (IPRP + eVIS, n = 19) or the control group (IPRP, n = 20). Feasibility and acceptability were evaluated using pre-defined criteria on recruitment- and data collection procedures (e.g., inclusion rates, representativeness, adverse events), physiotherapists’ ratings of trial design and conduct (e.g., acceptability, feasibility), and outcome data characteristics and completeness (e.g., adherence, data accessibility).

Results

Recruitment was largely feasible, though attrition differences and the need for refined eligibility screening were noted. Physiotherapists cited time and implementation challenges. Both groups had satisfactory data completeness, but the control group showed lower adherence to daily reporting in the final third of the study. The intervention group had greater improvements in physical health, with 19.5% more participants achieving the minimum clinically important difference (≥3) on the physical component summary scale (PCS). No adverse events occurred.

Conclusion

With minor adjustments, the R-RCT design is mostly feasible, though some challenges to feasibility were identified and addressed.
Digitisation and health: Second nationwide survey of internet users in Germany
Authors: De Santis Karina Karolina , Muellmann Saskia , Pan Chen-Chia , Hoffmann Stephanie , Spallek Jacob , Haug Ulrike , Zeeb Hajo
Published: November 2024

Objective

Rapid digitisation of health occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide. In October 2020, we conducted a survey on digital health technology use in Germany. This study aimed to conduct a second survey to investigate in more detail the internet use in health context and digital technology use for health promotion and disease prevention in Germany.

Methods

A cross-sectional, nationwide telephone survey was conducted in November 2022. Anonymous data on internet and digital technology use, digital health literacy, and sociodemographic characteristics were analysed using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regressions.

Results

The 1020 participants were aged 18–92 years, 53% were male, 62% completed primary or secondary education, 71% resided in large cities, and 45% reported a country-average net household income. Overall, 61% reported internet use in health context via 1–4 devices. Among those, more than 50% used the internet and apps to obtain general health information and less than 50% used digital technologies for physical activity promotion or cancer prevention. Overall, 34% were confident in using the internet for health decisions and 71% preferred to receive health information non-digitally (e.g. on paper). Internet, app, and digital technology use were associated with higher digital health literacy and income, and residence in larger cities. Digital technologies were used for physical activity promotion by younger and for cancer prevention by older participants.

Conclusion

The internet and digital technologies were predominantly used to obtain health information, but less often for health promotion and disease prevention in 2022 in Germany. While health app and digital technology use for physical activity promotion increased, the confidence in using online information for health decisions decreased in 2022 relative to 2020. Factors that promote confidence in online health information and digital technology use for health promotion and disease prevention need to be investigated in future studies.
Adopting an Indigenous rights-based approach to working with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students: Repositioning school psychology to address Competency 8
Authors: Anderson Peter J , Howe Wren DW , Fox Russell A , Diamond Zane M
Published: November 2024

This paper examines the emerging professional expectation that school psychologists will be able to demonstrate competency in delivering services to Indigenous students. We argue that achieving this competency requires an underpinning Indigenous rights-based perspective embedded in professional education and practice. We discuss the historical context of psychology in Australia, the competencies needed for psychologists and the critical role psychologists might play in advocating for the rights and self-determination of Indigenous Peoples both internationally and specifically in Australia. Additionally, we explore the challenges within the Australian education system, the deficit perspectives surrounding Indigenous students and the need to shift to rights-based approaches to support these students effectively. The paper also covers topics such as the cultural competency of teachers, the impact of settler colonial education policies on Indigenous youth and the intersection of Indigenous rights and psychology. Overall, the paper provides insights into the evolving role of school psychologists in the requirements of Competency 8 and argues for the significance of an Indigenous rights-based approach to providing professional services in education.
An Initial Exploratory Examination of the Sensitivity and Specificity of MyCog Mobile Using the Mini-Cog as a Proxy for Suspected Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Young Stephanie Ruth , Dworak Elizabeth , Byrne Greg , Shono Yusuke , Zhang Manrui , Yoshino Benavente Julia , Yao Lihua , Bass Mike , Curtis Laura , Varela Diaz Maria , Jones Callie , Gershon Richard , Wolf Michael , Nowinski Cindy
Published: November 2024

Objectives:

To help promote early detection of cognitive impairment in primary care, MyCog Mobile was designed as a cognitive screener that can be self-administered remotely on a personal smartphone. We explore the potential utility of MyCog Mobile in primary care by comparing MyCog Mobile to a commonly used screener, Mini-Cog.

Methods:

A sample of 200 older adults 65+ years (mean age = 72.56 years), completed the Mini-Cog and MyCog Mobile, which includes 2 memory measures and 2 executive functioning measures. A logistic regression model was conducted to predict failing Mini-Cog scores (≤2) based on MyCog Mobile measures.

Results:

A total of 20 participants earned a Mini-Cog score ≤2. MyCog Mobile demonstrated an AUC of 0.83 (95% bootstrap CI [0.75, 0.95]), sensitivity of 0.76 (95% bootstrap CI [0.63, 0.97]), and specificity of .88 (95% bootstrap CI [0.63, 0.10]). The subtest Name Matching from MyFaces and MySorting were the only significant predictors of failed Mini-Cogs.

Conclusions:

MyCog Mobile demonstrated sensitivity and specificity to identify participants who failed the Mini-Cog, and may show promise as a screening tool for cognitive impairment in older adults. Further research is necessary to establish the clinical utility of MyCog Mobile in a larger sample using documented clinical diagnoses.
Unemployment Duration and Its Covariates: Evidence From Selected Regions in Ghana
Authors: Adinkra-Darko Edmund , Ahiakpor Ferdinand
Published: November 2024

This study examines individual-specific covariates of unemployment duration, with evidence from four administrative regions of Ghana. It employs primary data and semi-parametric Cox regression and Cox proportional hazard models, underpinned by job search and human capital theories. This study is distinct from other unemployment-related studies in Ghana in that it highlights how individual characteristics affect their employability and unemployment spells. The study concludes that age, locality, social networks, alternative income sources, migration, and education are significant factors influencing unemployment duration in Ghana. Also, migration status and education are jointly associated with shorter unemployment duration. The study encourages young people to take up voluntary services and other forms of industry attachments to build labor market experience. Again, the government should develop and implement a policy on industrial attachment and internship programs for tertiary students. Individuals should build and effectively utilize their social networks. Individuals who receive financial support while unemployed should leverage such income to intensify their job search efforts and activities. Moreover, individuals should take advantage of the opportunities created in the educational sector to upgrade their educational levels. The study further encourages job seekers with higher education to migrate as part of their job search efforts and activities. The study sets the springboard for further studies to be conducted on employment duration in Ghana but using longitudinal data and national survey data.
Understanding Fluctuations in Public Opinion toward COVID-19 Vaccines: Insights from Social Media Analysis
Authors: Ahmad Hafiz Farooq , Azhar Areeba , Algosaibi Abdulelah , Hussain Jamil
Published: November 2024

As of early 2019, the COVID-19 outbreak has ensued in millions of deaths, making it one of the worst pandemics in history. In addition to wearing masks, increasing sanitation, and avoiding crowds, widespread vaccination is crucial for preventing virus transmission. Despite significant progress in vaccine research and policy implementations, widespread immunization remains challenging. Analysis of exchanges on social media regarding COVID-19 vaccines has revealed significant uncertainty and mistrust in vaccines. As a result, ongoing evaluation of trust and confidence in COVID-19 vaccines is critical to crafting successful communication approaches for promoting extensive vaccination. This study aims to use content analysis of tweets about COVID-19 vaccines while also examining the user accounts generating them to provide evidence of fluctuations in public views toward COVID-19 vaccines. The proposed framework collects and processes data from social media networks, particularly Twitter, before presenting various analytics based on the different analyses performed through machine learning and deep learning algorithms. We hypothesize that a qualitative study starting from the pandemic would identify themes in public discourses (particularly those with negative sentiment or evidence of misleading information) that circulated during the developmental and mass release phases of COVID-19 vaccines. Therefore, it could inform and aid healthcare officials, public health agencies, and policymakers in increasing awareness and educational interventions for COVID-19 vaccines.
A Comparative Study of Practice Ability Development Motivation and Curriculum Adaptation for Advanced Business English Learners in a Chinese University
Authors: Xie Qing
Published: November 2024

This study reports on an investigative study with 70 English majors and 39 non-English-majors in a Chinese university who were recruited using convenience sampling, on their practice ability development motivations and needs, the effectiveness of business English curriculum in practice ability development and practice-oriented curriculum adaptation suggestions, based on two-stage surveys and teacher’s participant observation. The study results generated from numerical theme calculation and response content analysis showed that although the non-English-majors were more motivated than the English-majors, both groups had an intermediate level of practice-oriented motivation. Most English-majors and non-English-majors considered the business English curriculum as effective in enhancing their practice abilities. Regarding curriculum adaptations and post-course activities, most English-majors and non-English-majors encouraged more simulation-based practice and group activities, and the integration of diverse business and trade language and knowledge development activities. The results and research process of the study can inform future research on business English curriculum development.
Mental Health Nurses’ Clinical Experiences Among People with Age-Related Neurocognitive Impairment in Saudi Arabia: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Alyousef Seham Mansour , Alhamidi Sami Abdulrahman
Published: November 2024

Need for increased awareness of specialized age-related neurocognitive care among nurses is increasing but in Saudi Arabia, awareness of the special needs of and approaches to care for this group remains underdeveloped. To illuminate the needs and perceptions of practicing nurses who have experienced the provision of care to acute patients whose cognition ranged from mild to major cognitive impairment. A qualitative study to inquire into the perceptions of 18 Saudi mental health (MH) nursing graduate students with direct experience of mental health care. Participants were divided into two focus groups which met simultaneously. Inductive data was analyzed for thematic content. Four principal themes and subthemes emerged from the data: (i) roles and responsibilities; (ii) barriers; (iii) the need to improve training; and (iv) support services. Nurses with mental healthcare experience emphasized the importance of roles and responsibility in providing care, barriers to providing care, and dissatisfaction with institutional support and professional training related to age related neurocognitive impairment care in acute settings. This study may assist in providing impetus toward much needed evidence-based research related to age-related neurocognitive impairment, attuned to Saudi needs and may provide an important step in developing and delivering care.
“China-India Border Clash”: Construction of Event Newsworthiness and Discrepancies in Chinese and Indian News Discourse
Authors: Chen Cheng , Liu Renping
Published: November 2024

This article aims to examine the discrepancies between Chinese and Indian media in portraying “China-India border clash,” by comparing the multimodal discourse construction of news values in Chinese and Indian media in their respective 30 English-language news reports about the latest China-India border clash (the Clash) occurring on June 15, 2020. Based on discursive news values analysis framework, this study adopts corpus linguistic methods to investigate news values through key words, naming strategies, and news photographs in Chinese and Indian mainstream domestic news outlets. The results show that Chinese media highlights the construction of Personalization, by framing the Clash through the personal experience of the soldiers and the ordinary citizens’ sorrow in the aftermath; in contrast, Indian media establishes Eliteness as the dominant indicator of newsworthiness, by framing the Clash through the language of the Indian political authorities and demonstrating the subjects and modalities that mostly affect Indian elites. Consequently, the Clash has been packaged in discrepant ways: as a people-oriented social event by Chinese reporting and as a high-powered political/military event by Indian reporting. Such a discrepancy of Chinese and Indian media in construction of news values further exposes the ideological positioning of the two news media in terms of Civilianism and Elitism.
“It’s Up to Me Whether I Do—Or Don’t—Watch Deepfakes”: Deepfakes and Behavioral Intention
Authors: Li Wanqi , Zhao Huiying
Published: November 2024

The rapid spread of disinformation and misinformation created by deepfake poses threats and challenges to society. Most studies have analyzed deepfakes in terms of computer science, but there is now a pressing need to study them from the perspective of social science. This study aims to explore the factors that affect individuals’ intentions of watching or sharing deepfakes, the relationships between behaviors related to deepfakes and the impact of deepfakes to individuals or to the society. Accordingly, this study constructs a theoretical model and considers the impacts of deepfake content and quality on individuals’ behavioral intentions of deepfakes. This study adopts SPSS 26.0 to analyze the data set that involves 582 participants (Male = 234, Female = 348) in total. Results showed that attitude toward deepfakes, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control positively influenced the individual’s behavioral intention regarding deepfakes, but perceived behavioral control did not have significant effects on behavioral tendencies on deepfakes when tested with other factors. Meanwhile, the quality of deepfake content was related to the individuals’ behavioral intentions of whether they were willing to watch or to share such videos, and there were gender, age, and education differences in individuals’ behavioral tendencies on deepfakes. Furthermore, the consequences of deepfakes were closely related to individuals’ sharing behaviors. The findings contribute to extended the TPB model, expanding the understanding of individuals’ differences in behavioral intentions of deepfakes. The findings also have implications for guiding the development of educational and training strategies to combat the negative effects of deepfakes.
Artificial Intelligence Chatbot as Perceived by Nursing Students: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Gunawan Joko , Aungsuroch Yupin , Marzilli Colleen , Nazliansyah  , Chaerani Erni , Montayre Jed
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to explore the perspectives of Indonesian nursing students on the utilization of ChatGPT in their learning process. A qualitative descriptive design was conducted among 19 second-year nursing students (age 18–20) who were purposively selected. Data were collected in February 2023 through online (Zoom meetings) and offline (face-to-face) focus group discussions (FGDs), lasting 43 to 64 min each. The qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Three main themes were developed: (1) ChatGPT may be helpful but not fully trusted, (2) Nurse skills will never be replaced, and (3) The need for evaluating and advancing curriculum. In conclusion, this study provides vital insights into nursing students’ attitudes toward using ChatGPT. Although acknowledging the ChatGPT’s benefits, students are mindful of its limitations. This study also recommends integrating artificial intelligence and emerging technologies into the nursing curriculum while highlighting nurses’ unique abilities and the essence of caring in nursing.
Texas Heritage at a Crossroads: The Case Study of San Antonio Missions
Authors: Kim Hyunrae , Chen Po-Ju
Published: November 2024

The dilemma faced by the San Antonio Missions regarding ongoing vandalism persists: whether to restrict access to protect the site or to allow public access for educational purposes, tourism, and cultural enrichment. This balancing act is complex, as visitor interaction can compromise site integrity. Applying Social Learning Theory (SLT) and Norm Activation Theory (NAT) to this dilemma reveals insights into how individuals learn and adopt behavior through observation, imitation, and modeling. In addition, the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) can also influence responsible behavior. Furthermore, how to safeguard heritage sites while ensuring public access and appreciations were discussed.
Outcomes of One Versus Two Level MIS Decompression With Adjacent Level Stenosis
Authors: Subramanian Tejas , Shahi Pratyush , Hirase Takashi , Kazarian Gregory S. , Boddapati Venkat , Kaidi Austin C. , Asada Tomoyuki , Singh Sumedha , Mai Eric , Simon Chad Z. , Akosman Izzet , Zhao Eric R. , Song Junho , Amen Troy B. , Araghi Kasra , Korsun Maximilian K. , Zhang Joshua , Kwas Cole T. , Vaishnav Avani S. , Tuma Olivia , Kim Eric T. , Singh Nishtha , Allen Myles R. J. , Bay Annika , Sheha Evan D. , Lovecchio Francis C. , Dowdell James E. , Qureshi Sheeraz A. , Iyer Sravisht
Published: November 2024

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Objective

Decompression for the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) has shown excellent clinical outcomes. In patients with symptomatic single level stenosis and asymptomatic adjacent level disease, it is unknown whether decompressing only the symptomatic level is sufficient. The objective of this study is to compare outcomes between single level and dual level minimally invasive (MIS) decompression in patients with adjacent level stenosis.

Methods

The current study is a retrospective review of patients undergoing primary single or dual level MIS decompression for LSS. Radiographic stenosis severity was graded using the Schizas grading. Patients undergoing single level decompression (SLD) with moderate stenosis at the adjacent level were compared with patients undergoing dual level decompression (DLD) for multi-level LSS. Clinical outcomes, complications, and reoperations were compared. Subgroup analysis was performed on patients with the same Schizas grade at the adjacent level in the SLD group and the second surgical level in the DLD group.

Results

148 patients were included (126 SLD, 76 DLD). There were no significant differences in patient reported outcomes between the two groups at any timepoint up to 2 years postoperatively, including in the matched stenosis severity subgroups. Operative time was longer in the DLD cohort ( P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in complications or reoperation rates.

Conclusion

In patients with single level symptomatic LSS and adjacent level stenosis, decompression of only the symptomatic level provided equivalent clinical outcomes compared to dual level decompression. The additional operative time and potential incremental risk of dual level surgery may not be justified.
Giving Values a “Voice” in Business Communication Education
Authors: Reinsch Nelson Lamar
Published: November 2024

I recommend that teachers of professional communication (e.g., business communication) incorporate into their courses the Giving Voice to Values (GVV) curriculum developed by Mary Gentile. Adding GVV materials to a course in professional communication would add an ethical emphasis to the course or supplement an existing one. GVV materials also provide communication teachers with excellent opportunities to introduce (or expand) attention to rhetorical decision making. Furthermore, GVV materials provide an opportunity for cross-disciplinary cooperation among teachers of business communication and other business disciplines.
Music Perception, Appreciation, and Participation in Postlingually Deafened Adults and Cochlear Implant Users: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Bleckly Felicity , Lo Chi Yhun , Rapport Frances , Clay-Williams Robyn
Published: November 2024

This systematic literature review explored the relationship between hearing loss, the use of hearing aids or cochlear implants, and late-deafened adults' perception and appreciation of, and participation in, music. To identify articles, four databases were searched, MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and American Psychological Association (APA) PsycINFO, using terms associated with hearing loss, hearing aids, cochlear implants, music perception, appreciation, or participation. The included studies were empirical, written in English, peer reviewed, used any research method, had no date restrictions, and involved late-deafened adults. A formal risk of bias evaluation was undertaken using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal tools. A double-blind review of 2595 articles was completed in June 2023, with a total of 131 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Typically, the reviewed articles focused on music perception testing. The studies included more than 6900 adult participants with hearing loss. Data relating to the review question were extracted and thematically coded. Only 18 studies reported on music experiences for adults who had hearing loss with or without hearing aids. The remaining 113 articles related to cochlear implant users, and 91 of these focused primarily on identification of musical structural components. The reviewed articles consistently established that hearing loss and hearing devices have a substantial, generally negative, impact on music perception. The psychosocial and emotional need for music was mostly overlooked, with few studies focusing on music appreciation, enjoyment, social connectedness, or participation. Further research is needed to understand the broader context of how hearing loss and hearing devices impact personal experiences including mental and physical well-being and quality of life.
Time Elapsed Since the Last Dental Care Visit in Peruvian Older Adults: A Three-Year Analysis of a National Population Survey
Authors: Rojas-Senador Cesar D. , León-Manco Roberto A. , Garcés-Elías María C.
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to determine the time elapsed since the last dental care visit and its associated factors among older adults in Peru from 2019 to 2021. This was an analytical cross-sectional study utilizing secondary data analysis. The population comprised 210,862 records of older adults from 2019 to 2021, with a final sample of 11,215 records. The dependent variable was the time elapsed since the last dental care visit, while the independent variable was the year, with population characteristics included as covariates. Both bivariate and multivariate analyses were employed. The mean time elapsed since the last dental care visit was 7.93 years ( SD = 8.03) in 2019, 7.93 years ( SD = 7.28) in 2020, and 7.76 years ( SD = 8.01) in 2021, with non-statistically significant difference between medians ( p = .050). Hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis indicated that a model incorporating year, health, geographic, and socio-demographic characteristics demonstrated a greater determination coefficient ( R2% = .90) and validity ( p < .001). The mean time elapsed since the last dental care visit among older adults in Peru was 7.93 years in both 2019 and 2020, and 7.76 years in 2021; geographic characteristics, wealth index, and age were identified as associated factors.
When cities broke into the global stage: 20 years since the publication of ‘Cities and Climate Change’
Authors: Castán Broto Vanesa , Marvin Simon
Published: November 2024

This short symposium revisits the book Cities and Climate Change by Harriet Bulkeley and Michelle Betsill and its role in establishing cities as central actors in climate change governance. The contributors to this symposium reflect on the research themes and the book’s legacy from their disciplinary perspectives. The first response explores the tensions between the elevation of cities as sites for climate action and the persistent lack of state action, arguing for meaningful public participation and a labour of making visible how city-based practices respond to climate change. The second response examines how the book has enabled generations of scholars to appreciate the complex constitution of city actors and how they interact/enact global climate governance yet remain frustratingly marginal in the discipline of International Relations. The third response explores how the book positioned the urban as a problem space, a manageable scale of intervention, and a political space with the capacity to enact innovation, triggering new questions about the potential and limits of the expanding responsibilities of cities. The fourth response argues that as cities become active in adaptation, they need to engage in an anticolonial politics of love and hospitality that sheds ‘security’ and makes the self vulnerable to ‘others’ for an effective response to climate change. The symposium concludes with a recap by Betsill and Bulkeley which underscores the variety of interdisciplinary debates that the book has generated, and its influence on current thinking on debates on climate change governance.
Revisiting the urban home: A critical approach
Authors: Gerhard Ulrike , Malachuk Daniel S
Published: November 2024

We argue here for a more political concept of the home as the space that distinctively enables people to participate in public life by promoting civic orientations we call “resistance” and “yearning.” Because the political potential of home is most keenly experienced in cities, with their complex interplay of private and public spaces on very different scales (house, neighborhood, city), we present the urban home as a model for such politics. Our critical approach is in four parts. First, we reveal three patterns of thought in urban studies that lead scholars to examine housing while rendering the home an apolitical space. Second, we diagram how literary texts fruitfully challenge these patterns of thought in urban studies with their lavish attention to such specific home experiences. These literary descriptions suggest a fundamental politics of the urban home that we elaborate with the help of feminist recuperations of the home by Iris Marion Young, bell hooks, Doreen Massey and others. Third, we offer a more detailed empirical analysis of select texts associated with the “Great Migration” in the U.S. to illuminate this politics, particularly its fundamental orientations of resistance and yearning. To conclude, we propose an interdisciplinary agenda in urban studies that evades conceptual traps to politicize an otherwise neglected space: the urban home.
Therapeutic drug monitoring for dose optimization in Alzheimer's disease and in dementia with Lewy bodies: A randomized single-blinded clinical trial
Authors: Fischer Michael Hén Forbord , Zibrandtsen Ivan Chrilles , Johannsen Peter , Siersma Volkert , Rasmussen Jan Borg , Larsen Jens Borggaard , Høgh Peter
Published: November 2024

Background

Previous evidence suggests serum concentrations of donepezil varies in clinical populations and that a dose higher than standard may have additional positive effect on cognition. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is a tool for dose optimization (DO) whereby treatment is adjusted based on previous quantification of the prescribed drug.

Objective

Investigate whether TDM-based DO of donepezil or memantine improves clinical outcomes and/or reduce the frequency of adverse reactions (ARs) in neurodegenerative conditions commonly treated with these two study drugs.

Methods

Single-blinded 1:1 randomized controlled study in an outpatient memory clinic. Eligible participants either newly diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease dementia (AD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), or Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) scheduled for treatment with donepezil or memantine. The intervention group received TDM based DO. The control group received DO solely based on clinical assessment. Clinical outcomes were change in Mini-Mental State Examination, Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination, Neuropsychiatric Inventory, and Disability Assessment in Dementia from baseline to 12 months. Additionally, data on incidence and severity of ARs and proportion of participants with a serum concentration within the therapeutic reference range were collected.

Results

132 participants recruited (125 AD, 7 DLB, none with PDD) of whom 107 completed the study (101 AD and 6 DLB), fewer in the control group than planned. Statistical analysis did not reveal significant differences between groups neither for clinical outcomes nor for frequency of ARs.

Conclusions

TDM based DO did not significantly improve clinical outcomes nor reduce the frequency of ARs albeit important caveats to the results apply.

ClincialTrials.gov identifier

NCT04117178 (first posted October 7, 2019).