bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the knowledge and application of diagnostic imaging modalities among veterinary surgeons in Nigerian veterinary medical schools
Authors: Ibe C.S. , James A.A. , Nzalak J.O.
Published: June 2020

The awareness, theoretical and practical knowledge of radiography, ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), nuclear medical imaging (NMI) and thermography were accessed among veterinary surgeons teaching in veterinary schools in Nigeria, using a structured questionnaire. Respondents were grouped into five depending on their years of experience post-graduation. These were Group A (0-5 years), Group B (6-10 years), Group C (11-15 years) Group D (16-20 years) and Group E (> 20 years). The result of the awareness of radiography as a diagnostic imaging modality in veterinary practice was not dependent on the years of research experience. A 100 % of respondents in Group A were aware that ultrasonography is indicated in veterinary practice; while only 96.67 % were aware that radiography is so indicated. There was a gradual decline in the awareness of CT compared to radiography and ultrasonography. There was low awareness of the application of MRI, NMI and thermography in veterinary practice by all respondents irrespective of their years of experience. There was a decline in the degree of theoretical knowledge with advancement in the technique. The variation in the mere observation of the practical demonstration of radiography was related to years of research experience, with the exception of Group D. Group E recorded the highest positive response to practical knowledge of all the diagnostic imaging modalities. There was a remarkable drop in the practical knowledge of CT, MRI, NMI and thermography, compared to radiography and ultrasonography in each of the study groups. Only 1 veterinary school had a CT scanning machine, and none had an MRI unit, a gamma camera or a thermographic camera. Only 4 veterinary schools taught MRI. No veterinary school taught NMI and thermography. Appropriate recommendations were made.

Keywords: CT, MRI, NMI, Radiography, Thermography, Ultrasonography
Pathogenicity of Mycoplasma bovis isolates from some states in Nigeria inoculated intramammarily into lactating New Zealand white rabbits
Authors: Amosun E.A. , Emikpe B.O.
Published: June 2020

The focus of this study was to test the pathogenicity of Mycoplasma bovis isolated from cases of clinical mastitis in cattle in some states of Nigeria. Pathogenicity study of Mycoplasma bovis was carried out using five New Zealand White lactating rabbits, obtained from a local breeder in Ibadan, Nigeria. The left mammary glands of each rabbit were inoculated intracisternally with 1ml of 2.4 x 105 cfu/ml of Mycoplasma bovis obtained from cases of clinical mastitis in Nigeria. The right mammary glands served as control and received 1 ml of sterile Tryptose Soy broth each. The clinical signs, post-mortem and histological findings were recorded. Clinically, the rabbits were weak and anorexic with mortalities. Grossly, lesions were observed in the spleens, lungs and the ovaries, while the mammary glands were atrophied. This clearly showed the septicaemic nature of the Mycoplasma bovis isolated from the clinical mastitis cases hence proper hygienic practices should be implemented during milking for public health reasons.
Mikrobna stabilnost kobasičarskih proizvoda sa smanjenim udjelom soli
Authors: Zemljak Lidija , Madić Josip , Kozačinski Lidija , Popijač Vesna , Huber Andreja Đurica , Ranilović Jasmina
Published: June 2020

Cilj ovog rada je validacija roka trajnosti proizvoda sa smanjenim udjelom soli i korištenjem zamjene za sol, s obzirom na njegovu mikrobiološku stabilnost. Mikrobiološke analize su provedene na Kranjskoj kobasici koja je predstavnik skupine polutrajnih kobasičarskih proizvoda. Kontrolni uzorak je proizvod proizveden prema dosadašnjoj „klasičnoj“ recepturi. Deset pakovina kontrolnog uzorka je analizirano odmah nakon vakuumiranja, zatim sredinom deklariranog roka trajanja (35. dan u roku), na dan isteka roka (45 dana od datuma proizvodnje) i 65. dan od datuma proizvodnje. Svi navedeni uzorci su analizirani i dva dana nakon otvaranja pakovina i čuvanja u hladnjaku na propisanoj temperaturi. Na taj s način validira i način konzumacije proizvoda deklariran na pakovini (nakon otvaranja upotrijebiti u roku 2 dana). Na isti je način ispitana i Kranjska kobasica sa smanjenim udjelom soli. Istraživanjem je obuhvaćena pretraga na sljedeće mikroorganizme: aerobne mezofilne bakterije, Enterobacteriaceae, koagulaza pozitivne stafilokoke/S. aureus, Salmonella spp., bakteriju Listeria monocytogenes i sulfitreducirajuće klostridije. U analizi navedenih pokazatelja korištena je ISO metodologija. Ispitivanje mikrobne stabilnosti proizvoda sa smanjenim udjelom soli, provedeno je kroz 140 mikrobioloških analiza. U uzorcima sa smanjenim udjelom soli te u kontrolnim uzorcima nisu izolirane bakterije roda Salmonella, L. monocytogenes, niti je zabilježen porast ostalih pretraživanih mikroorganizama, osim aerobnih mezofilnih bakterija. Prema dobivenim vrijednostima aerobnih mezofilnih bakterija, tri uzorka (4 %) proizvedena prema „klasičnoj“ recepturi daju prihvatljiv rezultat, dok se kod pet uzoraka (7 %) sa smanjenim udjelom soli rezultati analize tumače prihvatljivima prema odredbama propisa. Analiza svih preostalih uzoraka je zadovoljavajuća te nije dobiven niti jedan nezadovoljavajući rezultat. Svi analizirani uzorci su mikrobiološki ispravni tijekom cijelog roka trajnosti proizvoda. Smanjeni udio soli u proizvodu korištenjem zamjene za sol (Salut®), nije utjecao na mikrobnu stabilnost proizvoda. Odsutnost patogenih mikroorganizama u analiziranim uzorcima potvrda je uređenog sustava sigurnosti hrane, poštivanja HACCP principa te kontinuiranog provođenja dobre proizvođačke i dobre higijenske prakse.
Efficient cash management as a source of profit
Authors: Cervelló Royo R. , Navarro Enguídanos C.
Published: June 2020

The 2008 crisis outlined the great importance of treasury departments in companies and the change of mentality towards proactive and non-reactive management. In this work, a detailed explanation of the centralization system of the treasury, also known as cash pooling, is carried out. Nowadays this system is used by numerous companies worldwide, especially large companies with an international focus. Finally, information and communication technologies are of great importance within the company, especially in treasury management. The paper is illustrated by the case study of a water management company.
Macroprudential aspects of the banking union
Authors: López Fernández U.
Published: June 2020

The present paper addresses the main macroprudential aspects of the Banking Union, that arose as a reply to the European sovereign debt crisis. After the Great Recession, at international level, a certain consensus was reached regarding the necessity to set out and implement this kind of macroprudential regulation to achieve a robust financial sector. Because of this, from this perspective, each of the fundamental pillars of the Banking Union is analysed, just as its single rulebook, to check if it is in existence and, in this case, if it is sufficient. Equally, some financial indicators are studied to check if regulatory changes are reflected in the data, in the full knowledge that the new mechanism has been in place for a short time. Finally, some ideas and proposals are suggested to improve several macroprudential elements of the Banking Union.
Pengaruh Likuiditas dan Growth Terhadap Dividend Payout Ratio
Authors: Tuti Setiatin
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji bagaimana pengaruh likuiditas dan growth terhadap dividend payout ratio (DPR) serta menguji pengaruh likuiditas dan growth secara bersama-sama terhadap dividend payout ratio (DPR). Variabel likuiditas diukur dengan menggunakan Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), growth diukur dengan menggunakan Asset Growth, dan Dividend Payout Ratio menggunakan (DPR). 

            Populasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 55 perusahaan sektor perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2013-2017. Sampel penelitian dipilih dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling sehingga didapatkan 8 perusahaan sektor perbankan yang memenuhi kriteria. Pengujian hipotesis menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda dengan α (5%).

            Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa likuiditas berpengaruh positif terhadap dividend payout ratio. Sedangkan Growth berpengaruh negatif terhadap dividend payout ratio. Serta likuiditas dan growth berpengaruh secara bersama-sama terhadap dividend payout ratio. Koefisien determinasi dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa 26,9% variasi dari variabel dependen dividend payout ratio dapat diprediksi dari kombinasi variabel likuiditas dan profitabilitas, sedangkan sisanya sebesar 73,1% tidak dapat dijelaskan oleh faktor lain yang tidak dimasukkan dalam penelitian.
Pengaruh Reputasi Penjual dan Kualitas Pelayanan terhadap Kepercayaan Konsumen yang Berdampak pada Keputusan Pembelian
Authors: Riki Riswandi
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran tentang pengauh langsung maupun tidak langsung Antara Reputasi Penjual dan Kulaitas Pelayan terhadap Kepercayaan yang berdampak terhadap Keputusan Pembelian dengan studi pada Personal Shopper (Jasa Titip) berbasis Online Shop. Metode penelitian ini bersifat kuantitaf dengan model Analisa Jalur (Path Analisys) melalui penyebaran kuesioner dengan sampel 100 Konsumen yang belanja melalui Personal Shopper (Jasa Titip). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pengaruh langsung Antara Reputasi Penjual dan Kualitas Pelayanan dengan Kepercayaan dan Keputusan Pembelian memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan, dan pengaruh tidak langsung Reputasi dan Kulaitas Pelayanan terhadap keputusan Pembelian melalui Kepercayaan Konsumen memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan. Kesimpulan Penelitian bahwa Kepercayaan Konsumen dapat menjadi variabel mediasi antara Reputasi Penjual dan kualitas pelayanan dengan Keputusan Pembelian, artinya bahwa Reputasi penjual, kualitas pelayanan dan Kepercayaan Konsumen menjadi faktor utama dalam menentukan keputusan pembelian konsumen Saran dari hasil penelitian Personal Shopper (Jasa Titip) harus menjaga reputasi sebagai penjual dengan meningkatkan pengetahuan, keterampilan kemampuan emosional, dan kualitas layanan.
Technique as function of memory: heritage values and revaluation of habitat and the landscape in Ambalema, Colombia
Authors: Aponte García Gloria , Peñaloza Kairuz Eduardo , Ospina-Tascón Juan José , Velandia Silva César Augusto
Published: June 2020

The present work is framed in two notions: 1) that in the habitat all scales are interdependent, and 2) that it is necessary to integrate knowledge from various disciplinary origins, for a better understanding of the current world and for the achievement of more responsible actions. This approach is particularly applied to the field of conservation and restoration of natural and cultural heritage. Recent exercises are brought to explain the specific case of Ambalema, Tolima, Colombia, with emphasis on specific actions carried out by the University of Ibagué through its North Tolima Architecture Lab, Ambalema headquarters.

Since the declaration of the historic center of Ambalema, as a national monument in 1980, and mainly in the course of the twenty first century, both from the academy and from civil society, efforts have been carried out to maintain and enhance the cultural heritage values of this place of recognized historical importance in Colombia. In this case, the historical review exceptionally transcends the usual assessment of the colonial, or postcolonial, by going back in time to find the true material and technical roots in pre-Hispanic practices.

The consequent deterioration of the passage of time calls for interventions, which, if not careful and attentive to the patrimonial importance of the context, may become a reason for the gradual deterioration of the historical Ambalema related value. Simultaneously, it is crucial to combat disinterest on the part of the population, by motivating and inviting them to participate in the practical exercises that are being carried out in that municipality. This approach has been successfully applied in the actions mentioned. The physical works carried out on site by the aforementioned architectural lab are detailed here, as well as the participation achieved by groups of local inhabitants in the activities accomplished. The full coherence of this material work is taken advantage of, as a point of convergence of the concepts indicated above, to obtain applicable lessons and new theoretical-practical perspectives on: technique as function of memory.
Cosmogenic nuclide dating of cave sediments in the Eastern Alps and implications for erosion rates
Authors:   Swiss Institute for Speleology and Karst Studies, Häuselmann Philipp , Plan Lukas ,   Karst and Cave Group, Natural History Museum Vienna, Pointner Peter ,   Society of Speleology of Salzburg, Fiebig Markus ,   Institute for Applied Geology, University of Life Sciences BOKU
Published: June 2020

Karstic caves are created by water eroding and corroding rocks that can be dissolved. Since both the spring areas of caves (normally at the valley bottom) as well as the recharge is controlled by superficial processes, the morphology of the cave bears strong links to these influences. Lowering of local base levels promotes the development of horizontal phreatic cave passages at progressively lower elevations, resulting in the formation of multi-level karst systems. Upon the next lowering of base level, these upper systems become fossilized, and sediment trapped within them may remain preserved for millions of years. Dating these sediments gives clues regarding the time when the passages were last active, and thus may yield age information for old valley floors. The present paper presents cosmogenic nuclide datings of twelve samples from eight caves in the central part of the Northern Calcareous Alps of Austria. Besides three samples that gave no results, most of the obtained ages are at the Mio-Pliocene boundary or within the Pliocene, as was expected before sampling. No multi-level caves could be sampled at different elevations, thus, the obtained valley deepening rates are averages between the age of sediment deposition and the present-day valley floor. However, the valley deepening rates of 0.12 to 0.21 km/Ma are in accordance to previous findings and corroborate a comparatively slow evolution of base level lowering in the Eastern Alps compared to the fast (Late Quaternary) evolution in the Central and Western Alps.
Air mass physiochemical characteristics over New Delhi: impacts on aerosol hygroscopicity and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) formation
Authors: Arub Zainab , Bhandari Sahil , Gani Shahzad , Apte Joshua S. , Hildebrandt Ruiz Lea , Habib Gazala
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Delhi is a megacity subject to high local anthropogenic emissions and
long-range transport of pollutants. This work presents for the first time
time-resolved estimates of hygroscopicity parameter (κ) and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), spanning for
more than a year, derived from chemical composition and size distribution
data. As a part of the Delhi Aerosol Supersite (DAS) campaign, the
characterization of aerosol composition and size distribution was conducted
from January 2017 to March 2018. Air masses originating from the Arabian Sea
(AS), Bay of Bengal (BB), and southern Asia (SA) exhibited distinct
characteristics of time-resolved sub-micron non-refractory PM1 (NRPM1) species, size distributions, and CCN number concentrations.
The SA air mass had the highest NRPM1 loading with high chloride and
organics, followed by the BB air mass, which was more contaminated
than AS, with a higher organic fraction and nitrate. The primary sources
were identified as biomass-burning, thermal power plant emissions,
industrial emissions, and vehicular emissions. The average hygroscopicity parameter
(κ), calculated by the mixing rule, was approximately 0.3 (varying between
0.13 and 0.77) for all the air masses (0.32±0.06 for AS, 0.31±0.06 for BB, and 0.32±0.10 for SA). The diurnal variations in κ were
impacted by the chemical properties and thus source activities. The total,
Aitken, and accumulation mode number concentrations were higher for SA,
followed by BB and AS. The mean values of estimated CCN number concentration
(NCCN; 3669–28926 cm−3) and the activated fraction (af;
0.19–0.87), for supersaturations varying from 0.1 % to 0.8 %, also showed the
same trend, implying that these were highest in SA, followed by those in BB
and then those in AS. The size turned out to be more important than chemical
composition directly, and the NCCN was governed by either the Aitken
or accumulation modes, depending upon the supersaturation (SS) and critical
diameter (Dc). af was governed mainly by the geometric mean
diameter (GMD), and such a high af (0.71±0.14 for the most
dominant sub-branch of the SA air mass – R1 – at 0.4 % SS) has not been seen
anywhere in the world for a continental site. The high af was a
consequence of very low Dc (25–130 nm, for SS ranging from
0.1 % to 0.8 %) observed for Delhi. Indirectly, the chemical properties
also impacted CCN and af by impacting the diurnal patterns of Aitken
and accumulation modes, κ and Dc. The high-hygroscopic nature of
aerosols, high NCCN, and high af can severely impact the
precipitation patterns of the Indian monsoon in Delhi, impact the radiation budget,
and have indirect effects and need to be investigated to quantify this
impact.
Improving the representation of high-latitude vegetation in
Dynamic Global Vegetation Models
Authors: Horvath Peter , Tang Hui , Halvorsen Rune , Stordal Frode , Tallaksen Lena Merete , Berntsen Terje Koren , Bryn Anders
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Vegetation is an important component in global ecosystems, affecting the physical, hydrological and biogeochemical properties of the land surface. Accordingly, the way vegetation is parameterised strongly influences predictions of future climate by Earth system models. To capture future spatial and temporal changes in vegetation cover and its feedbacks to the climate system, dynamic global vegetation models (DGVM) are included as important components of land surface models. Variation in the predicted vegetation cover from DGVMs therefore has large impacts on modelled radiative and non-radiative properties, especially over high-latitude regions. DGVMs are mostly evaluated by remotely sensed products, but rarely by other vegetation products or by in-situ field observations. In this study, we evaluate the performance of three methods for spatial representation of vegetation cover with respect to prediction of plant functional type (PFT) profiles – one based upon distribution models (DM), one that uses a remote sensing (RS) dataset and a DGVM (CLM4.5BGCDV). PFT profiles obtained from an independently collected vegetation data set from Norway were used for the evaluation. We found that RS-based PFT profiles matched the reference dataset best, closely followed by DM, whereas predictions from DGVM often deviated strongly from the reference. DGVM predictions overestimated the area covered by boreal needleleaf evergreen trees and bare ground at the expense of boreal broadleaf deciduous trees and shrubs. Based on environmental predictors identified by DM as important, we suggest implementation of three novel PFT-specific thresholds for establishment in the DGVM. We performed a series of sensitivity experiments to demonstrate that these thresholds improve the performance of the DGVM. The results highlight the potential of using PFT-specific thresholds obtained by DM in development and benchmarking of DGVMs for broader regions. Also, we emphasize the potential of establishing DM as a reliable method for providing PFT distributions for evaluation of DGVMs alongside RS.
Fire and vegetation dynamics in North-West Siberia during the last 60 years based on high-resolution remote sensing
Authors: Sizov Oleg , Ezhova Ekaterina , Tsymbarovich Petr , Soromotin Andrey , Prihod'ko Nikolay , Petäjä Tuukka , Zilitinkevich Sergej , Kulmala Markku , Bäck Jaana , Köster Kajar
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Rapidly warming Arctic undergoes transitions that can influence global carbon balance. One of the key processes is the shift towards plant species with higher biomass underlining a stronger carbon sink. The shift is predicted by the models based on abiotic climatic factors but it is not always confirmed with observations. Here we use high-resolution remote sensing to study the process of transition of tundra into forest on the 20 000 km2 area in North-West Siberia. Overall, 40 % of the study area was burned during 60-yr period. Three quarters of the burned areas were dry tundra. Ca 10 % of the study area experienced 2–3 fires with an interval of 15–60 years, suggesting a shorter fire return interval than that reported earlier for the northern areas of Central Siberia (130–350 years). Based on our results, the shift in vegetation (within the 60-years period) occurred in 40–85 % of the territories that experienced fires, suggesting a strong role of disturbances for the tree advance. All fire-affected territories were flat, therefore no effect of topography was detected. Oppositely, in the undisturbed areas, tundra-forest transition was observed only in 6–15 % of the territories, characterized by a steeper topographic slope. Our results show that the fires often originated near the centers of anthropogenic activity, which is continuously increasing due to the economic importance of the region. This might explain larger frequency of major fires in the northern territories of West Siberia compared to Central Siberia.
Identifying sediment transport mechanisms from grain size–shape distributions, applied to aeolian sediments
Authors: van Hateren Johannes Albert , van Buuren Unze , Arens Sebastiaan Martinus , van Balen Ronald Theodorus , Prins Maarten Arnoud
Published: June 2020

Abstract. The way in which sediment is transported (creep,
saltation, suspension), is traditionally interpreted from grain size
distribution characteristics. However, the grain size range associated with
transitions from one transport mode to the other is highly variable because
it depends on the amount of transport energy available. In this study we
present a novel methodology for determination of the sediment transport mode
based on grain size and shape data from dynamic image analysis. The data are
integrated into grain size–shape distributions, and primary components are
determined using endmember modelling. In real-world datasets, primary
components can be interpreted in terms of different transport mechanisms
and/or sediment sources. Accuracy of the method is assessed using artificial
datasets with known primary components that are mixed in known proportions.
The results show that the proposed technique accurately identifies primary
components, with the exception of those primary components that only form
minor contributions to the samples (highly mixed components). The new method is tested on sediment samples from an active aeolian system
in the Dutch coastal dunes. Aeolian transport processes and geomorphology of
these type of systems are well known and can therefore be linked to the
spatial distribution of endmembers to assess the physical significance of
the method's output. The grain size–shape distributions of the aeolian dune
dataset are unmixed into three primary components. The spatial distribution
of these components is constrained by geomorphology and reflects the three
dominant aeolian transport processes known to occur along a beach–dune
transect: bedload on the beach and in notches that were dug by man through
the shore-parallel foredune ridge, modified saltation on the windward and
leeward slope of the intact foredune, and suspension in the vegetated
hinterland. The three transport modes are characterised by distinctly
different trends in grain shape with grain size: with increasing size,
bedload shows a constant grain regularity, modified saltation a minor
decrease in grain regularity, and suspension a strong decrease in grain
regularity. These trends, or in other words, the shape of the grain
size–shape distributions, can be used to determine the transport mode
responsible for an aeolian sediment deposit. Results of the method are
therefore less ambiguous than those of traditional grain size distribution
endmember modelling, especially if multiple transport modes occur or if
primary components overlap in terms of grain size but differ in grain shape.
To Help or Not to Help: A First Year Canadian Medical Student’s Dilemma During the COVID-19 Pandemic.
Authors: Patel Janhavi
Published: June 2020

I am a first-year medical student, and this is a commentary, highlighting some of the dilemmas and challenges encountered by a first-year medical student during these unprecedented times of the COVID-19 crisis. With the declaration of COVID-19 as a public health emergency, and medical students having to discontinue their clinical duties, I felt apprehensive. As if being restricted from serving the communities for whom I took an oath of service, even before I could start. Talking with my mentors and through self-reflection, I found solace in diverting my energy in supporting the frontline staff from the bleachers. This article would provide medical students with an opportunity to think critically during these times, stir conversation amongst medical students, and allow them to recognize how to reconcile with so much uncertainty about the future.
Unusual presentation of testicular ischemia as a consequence of pressure caused by inguinal hernia
Authors: Soleimani Farzad , Alzahri S. Mohammad , Jeff Wuhantu D.O.
Published: June 2020

Background: The incidence of indirect inguinal hernia in young children ranges from 0.8% to 4.4%. Infants are at a high risk of testicular ischemia from indirect inguinal hernia due to their delicate vascular supply. Case report: A 5-year-old patient presented with a rare case of acute testicular ischemia secondary to an incarcerated inguinal hernia. He underwent surgery that successfully salvaged his testicle. Conclusion: Emergency medicine providers need to clinically suspect for testicular ischemia even in the presence of examination findings suggestive of an alternative diagnosis, such as inguinal hernia.
Future of US-China Relations: Conflict, Competition or Cooperation?
Authors: Zaidi Syed Muhammad Saad , Saud Adam
Published: June 2020

In contemporary times, the geo-political agenda and geo-economic strategy of the world is being dominated by the ongoing US-China hegemonic competition. Where the United States is trying to prolong the ‘unipolar moment’ and deter the rise of China; China is trying to establish itself as the hegemon in the Eastern hemisphere, an alternate to the US. The entirely opposite interests of the two Great Powers have initiated a hostile confrontational competition for domination. This paper seeks to determine the future nature of the US-China relations; will history repeat itself and a bloody war be fought to determine the leader of the pack? or another prolonged Cold War will be fought, which will end when one side significantly weakens and collapses? Both dominant paradigms of International Relations, Realism and Liberalism, are used to analyze the future nature of the US-China relations.
Effectiveness of a Computerized Program in the Treatment of Dyslexia in a Sample of Fourth Grade Students
Authors: AL-Qatawneh Yahya Hussain
Published: June 2020

Dyslexia is a specific learning disorder which has a neurobiological origin and is characterized by the presence of reading difficulties not accounted for by sensory, neurological, or intellectual deficits. Many researches indicated have conducted to study the effect of a computerized program to help students with dyslexia as it has proven its effectiveness in many fields. This study aimed to test the effectiveness of a computerized program in the treatment of dyslexia among the fourth grade students in a sample of Jordanian schools. The study sample consisted of (90) students in the fourth grade for the academic year 2017/2018. They were divided into two groups: a control group and an experimental group: 35 students and 55 students. This study was conducted through the introduction of an educational program to develop reading skills to address the difficulties of learning in reading, where learning is a necessary requirement because of its importance in the lives of students, so it was necessary to focus on learning to read to students at different levels of special needs, including those with learning disabilities who They may need some methods and strategies that suit their different learning styles. Therefore, this study came within the framework of teaching reading for people with learning difficulties in the basic stage. Provide teachers with training skills by training them in the use of the computer program in teaching reading skills, providing a theoretical background on the phenomenon of learning difficulties, especially in the field of reading, its causes and educational strategies for people with learning disabilities, and this helps to provide the necessary educational care for them.
Fear of War among Newspaper Readers: A Study of Pulwama Incident
Authors: Gul Nimra , Ali Sajjad , Latif Faiza , Khan Fazal Rahim
Published: June 2020

The aim of this research was to find out relationship between newspaper readers fear effects and Pulwama incident. The rationale behind the selection of topic was to measure the level of fear of war at the time of crisis between two countries. This study is based on quantitative methodology, whereas, survey research method was applied. For the data collection, the researcher applied questionnaire comprises 23 closed-ended questions from 50 respondents through purposive sampling method. The results revealed that both newspapers covered the issue, which spread fear of war among them due to repeatedly news stories, blaming contents, over presentation, exaggeration, LOC war like situation, biased and manipulated information. The correlation findings supported the hypotheses significantly that there is association between fear of war and newspaper reading.
Challenges Faced by Newly Inducted Teachers Implementing Revised English Curriculum in Pakistan
Authors: Rehman Jadoon Atta Ur , Chishti Muhammad Ilyas , Afzaal Muhammad , Afzal Tahir
Published: June 2020

In the modern world of today, English language is frequently used as a medium of communication at the international level and among the multilingual speakers. The grand significance of the English language in the global village stresses all the stakeholders and policymakers in Pakistan to initiate and execute appropriate teaching methods for successful learning of English language. In view of the demands of the modern world, the provincial government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan implemented the revised English curriculum and inducted new teachers with better qualification to ensure its desired outcomes. Revised English curriculum, handed over to the newly inducted teachers to implement was supposed to pose a variety of challenges. The current study investigated those challenges faced by these newly inducted teachers implementing revised English curriculum. The study was limited to the newly inducted teachers teaching English at secondary level in district Abbottabad (KPK), Pakistan. Employing a mixed-method research based on purposeful sampling, the data was initially collected through semi structured interviews of the focussed group of the research participants and further validated by means of survey questionnaire filled by the entire research population. The findings of the study revealed that inappropriate classrooms with deficient resources posed major challenges for the teachers to effectively communicate the revised curriculum. Moreover, lack of students’ involvement in the lessons and teachers’ insufficient awareness to curriculum impeded the curriculum implementation as desired. The current study stressed on the remedial measures to be taken on part of the government officials and the school administration to ensure the availability of resources required for English language learning and encouragement of learners’ involvement in the lessons. Moreover, teachers should be provided with appropriate training to meticulously implement the revised English curriculum.
The Impact of the Extra-Costs on the Global Cost of Credit
Authors: Landini Simone , Tibiletti Luisa , Uberti Mariacristina
Published: June 2020

In this note, we analyze the impact of the extra-costs payment schedule on the Effective Annual interest Rate (EAR), one of the most popular global cost measures of consumer credit loan payments. First, we prove that the EAR can be expressed by the financing credit interest rate with an extra-costs interest rate addendum, and we investigate the drivers of this latter. We show that the extra-costs interest rate decreases if extra-costs payments are postponed. Consequently, the EAR is minimum if extra-costs are charged in a lump sum at the expiry date of the contract and maximum if they are charged in a lump sum at the contract beginning time. To explain how the schedule of payments impacts on the EAR, we develop a sensitivity analysis through illustrative applications. We also highlight that EAR depends on the timing of extra-costs payments. In particular, we show that EAR decreases with the increase in the Modified Duration of the cash flow of extra-costs. The results of the paper are useful to provide decision-makers a better awareness about how to spread the extra-costs payments during the contract lifetime and, therefore, to define the structure of consumer credit loan payments to supervise the global cost of the financing.
Teoría sociológica clásica y discapacidad: algunos apuntes para un diálogo en potencia | The classical sociological theory and disability: some notes for a potential dialogue
Authors: Solsona Cisternas Diego Alfredo
Published: June 2020

El siguiente escrito plantea las posibilidades de establecer un dialogo emergente y necesario entre la temática de la discapacidad y marcos conceptuales clásicos de la teoría sociológica, bajo la sospecha que en las obras de los teóricos reconocidos como “clásicos”, podemos encontrar explicaciones/comprensiones que tributen utilidad al entendimiento de la discapacidad, su reconceptualización y redefinición. Asumimos que la discapacidad es un fenómeno que se erige como complejo y multidimensional, y que puede ser visto como una permanente construcción que se mueve “pendularmente” entre los constreñimientos estructurales que restringen las posibilidades de “ser sujeto” en los individuos con esta condición, y por otro lado la intencionalidad, motivación y dimensión subjetiva-simbólica a partir de la cual las personas con discapacidad significan sus acciones, su condición asignada y su posición social. Estos sentidos pueden rebalsar o desbordar las inhibiciones estructurales, experimentando y significando subjetivamente su posición dentro de la estructura, a través de plexos de sentido ineluctables para cualquier acción humana, la cual es intrínsecamente teleológica. Solo a modo de contextualización se ofrecen algunos datos empíricos del Segundo estudio nacional de discapacidad en Chile (ENDISC, 2015) los cuales se asocian a los contenidos planteados en el escrito
La protección de las personas con discapacidad en el derecho italiano: interdizione, inabilitazione y amministrazione di sostegno | The protection of people with disabilities in Italian law: interdizione, inabilitazione and amministrazione di sostegno
Authors: Martínez Calvo Javier
Published: June 2020

La protección de las personas con discapacidad en el derecho italiano se lleva a cabo a través de tres instrumentos: la interdizione, la inabilitazione y la amministrazione di sostegno. La introducción de esta última fgura en el año 2004 supuso un importante avance, no solo en el derecho italiano, sino también a nivel comparado, anticipando la que se convertiría en la nueva tendencia en materia de protección de las personas con discapacidad, y sirviendo de inspiración a los legisladores de otros estados, entre ellos al nuestro. Ahora bien, la amministrazione di sostegno ha planteado desde el primer momento importantes problemas de delimitación con las tradicionales fguras de la interdizione y la inabilitazione, tanto en relación con su contenido como a los presupuestos en los que entran en juego. Además, la competencia para establecer una y otras corresponde a distintos órganos, lo que ha dado lugar a algunas difcultades de coordinación entre los mismos. Todo ello ha requerido una amplia labor interpretativa por parte de la jurisprudencia y doctrina italianas, que es objeto de estudio en el presente escrito.
Relación entre inteligencia emocional y optimismo vs. pesimismo en trabajadores de centros para personas con discapacidad intelectual | The relationship between emotional intelligence and optimism vs. pessimism in workers of centers for people with ID
Authors: Gavín-Chocano Óscar , Molero López-Barajas David
Published: June 2020

El uso adaptativo de las emociones en trabajadores que ejercen su profesión con personas con discapacidad intelectual resulta determinante para el ejercicio de su actividad cotidiana. Este estudio analiza la relación entre inteligencia emocional y optimismo vs. pesimismo. La muestra está compuesta por 59 sujetos (n=59), con una edad media de 38,59 años (±10,359), pertenecientes a diferentes centros asistenciales. Se emplean los siguientes instrumentos: Trait Meta-Mood Scale-24 (TMMS-24), Emotional Quotient inventory (EQi-C) y Life Orientation Test Revised (LOT-R). Cabe destacar el empleo del coefciente Omega por ser una adecuada medida de confabilidad si no se cumple el principio de equivalencia. Las evidencias muestran la relación entre algunas de las dimensiones de los instrumentos considerados (p<.05) y hay diferencias signifcativas a nivel estadístico entre las dimensiones de inteligencia emocional y la variable sociodemográfca género (p<.05). El análisis de regresión confrma la asociación entre inteligencia emocional (reparación) con optimismo e inteligencia emocional (manejo del estrés) con pesimismo.
Atenção primária à saúde: uma análise a luz da eficiência técnica dos recursos no Estado de Minas Gerais
Authors: Cabral Kerla Fabiana Dias , Ferreira Marco Aurélio Marques , Batista Rodrigo Siqueira , Cerqueira Fábio Ribeiro
Published: June 2020

O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar o desempenho da Atenção Primária à Saúde sob a ótica da efetividade das Políticas Públicas voltadas ao setor. Para tal, este estudo adotou a Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA), como forma de gerar um indicador de eficiência técnica para atenção primária, além de utilizar a análise de regressão múltipla para se verificar quais fatores são capazes de condicionar a eficiência. Dentre os principais resultados, destaca-se a ineficiência da atenção primária em grande parte dos 781 municípios analisados, bem como a constatação de que fatores gerenciáveis como analfabetismo interferem de forma negativa na eficiência, devendo ser foco de políticas públicas intersetoriais e dos gestores municipais.
Perfil epidemiológico do estresse de profissionais de enfermagem de um hospital
Authors: Lopes Matoso Leonardo Magela , Oliveira Agostinha Mafalda Barra de
Published: June 2020

Este estudo objetivou analisar o perfil epidemiológico dos profissionais da enfermagem de um hospital público em relação ao nível de estresse. Para tanto, foi realizado uma pesquisa de teor aplicado, de natureza descritiva, realizada por procedimento técnico de pesquisa de campo, em abordagem quantitativa. Participaram desta pesquisa 200 profissionais de enfermagem de um hospital no nordeste brasileiro. Foram utilizados um questionário sociodemográfico, para traçar o perfil e o Inventário de Sintomas de Stress para Adultos de Lipp, com o objetivo de mensurar os níveis de estresse. Os resultados evidenciaram que 90% dos profissionais são mulheres. 45% com idade entre 26 a 35 anos, onde 44,5% estão casadas/união estável. 73% são técnicas de enfermagem que atuam na assistência. 59,5% recebem entre um e dois salários mínimos e trabalham 30 horas semanais. 68% não trabalham em outra organização e 46% escolheram atuar na enfermagem por afinidade. No que tange ao estresse, 68% possuem algum nível. Destes, 59,5% estavam na fase de resistência/quase exaustão; com predominância de sinais e sintomas tanto físicos quanto psicológicos. Diante dos resultados, recomenda-se a implantação de políticas e programas institucionais que visem à redução do estresse dos profissionais de enfermagem, buscando, por meio de ações internas, preparar física e psiquicamente os trabalhadores, de modo que resulte em melhoria da qualidade de vida desses profissionais e da assistência prestada por eles.
Atenção hospitalar: interatividades por entre constituição histórico-social, gestão e humanização em saúde
Authors: Marinho Jaqueline Luvisotto , Carrião Gabriel Alves , Marques Jéssica Ribeiro
Published: June 2020

Diante da realidade e importância dos hospitais nas redes de saúde e dos diversos problemas e dificuldades envolvidos na gestão e assistência desses serviços de saúde, foram desenvolvidas reflexões sobre as possibilidades de atenção à saúde hospitalar de qualidade, resolutiva e humanizada, com cuidado pautado na integralidade e singularidade, no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), por meio da realização de pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, de cunho teórico, bibliográfico e documental. Considerando o pensamento complexo, foram desenvolvidos eixos de reflexão, e a partir destes, fluxos de interatividades e focos de direcionamento do olhar. Foram estabelecidas como eixos de reflexão a constituição histórico-social do hospital, a humanização em saúde e a gestão em saúde; como fluxos de interatividades, permeando entre e por entre os eixos, as possibilidades de constituição de gestão e de assistência hospitalar humanizada e de práticas de saúde no hospital fundamentadas na interlocução entre as dimensões populares, culturais, sociais e individuais, e as científicas, técnicas e bio-médicas. Os focos de direcionamento do olhar envolveram a religiosidade, o projeto terapêutico singular e as práticas integrativas e complementares - especificamente o uso de plantas medicinais e fitoterápicos -, no contexto da atenção hospitalar no âmbito do SUS. Os direcionamentos metonímicos se relacionaram às possibilidades de constituição de hospitais, com atenção à saúde resolutiva e de qualidade, fundamentadas em gestão e assistência humanizada, com interlocução de práticas e saberes para além do legitimado e padronizado em saúde.
A política nacional de atenção básica no contexto da policy analysis
Authors: Paula Priscila Ferreira de , Teixeira Karla Maria Damiano , Silveira Suely De Fátima Ramos
Published: June 2020

O objetivo deste trabalho foi discutir o contexto da policy analysis a partir da abordagem incremental e do policy cycle. Especificamente, analisou-se os pressupostos dos modelos sobre o processo de construção da Política Nacional de Atenção Básica (PNAB). O estudo, de natureza qualitativa e descritiva, trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Foi possível perceber que até a consolidação da PNAB foram adotadas uma série de medidas incrementais, como programas e estratégias que propiciaram a formação da política. Além disso, o modelo do ciclo político permitiu realizar um resgate histórico do policy-making, desde a percepção da necessidade de se reorientar o modelo assistencial em saúde para a atenção básica, até a formulação, implementação e avaliação da PNAB. Conclui-se que as abordagens são válidas para explicar o contexto de formação da política no Brasil.
O modelo de gestão hospitalar em parceria público privada nos sistemas de saúde: implementação e desempenho em Portugal
Authors: Matos Andreia Afonso , Nunes Alexandre Morais
Published: June 2020

Com o processo de evolução dos Estados e a transformação da governação pública, numa perspetiva de governação com gestão em rede, foram implementadas, em Portugal, as parcerias público-privadas (PPP), nomeadamente no setor da saúde. Neste artigo foi feito um estudo de benchmarking sobre a eficiência da gestão das unidades hospitalares, em regime de PPP, em Portugal, entre os anos 2013 e 2015. Para tal, recorreu-se ao uso da Análise Envolutória de Dados, com um modelo não radial. Deste modo, se procurou responder às seguintes questões: Será que o modelo das PPP, decorrente da perspetiva da New Public Governance, implica sempre uma boa gestão de recursos públicos? "Qual é a unidade, em regime de PPP, que opera de forma mais eficiente os seus recursos, ao nível da gestão hospitalar, entre os anos 2013 e 2015?" Dos resultados obtidos, constata-se que as PPP não foram sempre eficientes, existindo diferentes resultados entre elas. No ano 2013, a PPP do Hospital de Braga foi a mais eficiente, mas nos anos seguintes os melhores resultados se verificaram no Hospital de Loures.
Planejamento em organizações de saúde – uma análise da aplicação de métodos de planejamento em quatro hospitais
Authors: Graf Rebeca Rene , Malik Ana Maria , Uehara Kim Mishima Uehara Mishima
Published: June 2020

O planejamento no setor da saúde em geral, e em especial nos hospitais, configura-se como um ponto que deixa a desejar na realidade brasileira. Esta premissa acompanha trabalhos do setor, nos quais se identificam baixa preocupação com a eficiência e pouca profissionalização na estrutura organizacional. De modo geral, a utilização de técnicas de planejamento ainda é incipiente no setor. Algumas delas são recém-chegadas na área da saúde e derivam de outras áreas como, por exemplo área econômica. Outras técnicas são advindas de países desenvolvidos no setor da saúde, mas que no Brasil ainda estão em fase inicial de incorporação. Esse estudo foi realizado em quatro casos, dois em hospitais públicos e dois em hospitais privados, que mostram diferenças de gestão, talvez não devidas especificamente à propriedade.
A qualidade de vida de quem cuida da saúde: a residência multiprofissional em análise
Authors: Vieira Adriane , Gomes Gisele De Cássia , Moreira Lorrana Risi , Deconto João Antônio
Published: June 2020

O ingresso nos programas de residência provoca mudanças no estilo de vida dos profissionais de saúde em função da presença de vários fatores estressantes, dentre eles, as intensas cobranças, diminuição do tempo para a vida social, distanciamento dos amigos e da família e poucas oportunidades de lazer. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a qualidade de vida dos residentes de um Programa Integrado Multiprofissional de um hospital de ensino federal localizado no Estado de Minas Gerais. O método de pesquisa adotado foi o survey, por meio do questionário WHOQOL-Bref, com uma amostra de 55 residentes. A técnica utilizada para a análise de todas as escalas foi a estatística univariada, com medidas de posição e tendência central (média) e dispersão dos dados. Os resultados apontam que os residentes tenderam à maior positividade nas facetas que remetem à baixa percepção de dor e desconforto, seguida de satisfação com o acesso aos serviços de saúde, satisfação com as condições de moradia, dinheiro suficiente para satisfazer as necessidades e satisfação com o suporte que recebe de amigos, enquanto a percepção de negatividade está mais fortemente presente nas facetas relacionadas à satisfação com a capacidade de trabalho, sentimentos de estar aproveitando a vida e ter energia suficiente para o dia a dia. Conclui-se que há a necessidade de monitoramento do estado emocional dos residentes a fim de prevenir estados de adoecimento físico, depressivos e outras disfunções socioemocionais.