bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non-Lethal Weapons
Authors: Orbons Sjef , Royakkers Lambèr
Published: June 2014

In missions to stabilize conflicts around the world, the military forces increasingly find themselves operating amongst the people. The emerging need in military interventions to prevent casualties translated into a range of value driven military technological developments, such as non-lethal weapons (NLW). NLWs can be characterized by a certain technological and operational design 'window' of permissible physiological effect, defined at each end by values: one value is a controlled physiological impact to enforce compliance by targeted individuals, the other value is the prevention of inflicting serious harm of fatality. This paper points out that societal and political implications of these values in the military domain are governed by a different scheme than is the case in the civil domain. The practical cases concerning non-lethal weapons examined illustrate how values incorporated in military and police concepts are exposed to counteraction and annihilation when deployed in real world operational missions.
Service Oriented Solution Modeling and Variation Propagation Analysis Based on Architectural Building Blocks
Authors: Zhang Liang-Jie , Zhang Jia
Published: June 2014

In spite of the widely recognized benefits of applying Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) to design enterprise-scale software systems, its actual application practice is not always a success. One major reason is the lack of a systematic engineering process and tool supported by reusable architectural artifacts. Toward this ultimate goal, this paper proposes a new method of architectural building blocks (ABB)-based SOA solution design and it is applicable to any layered or tiered infrastructure. The authors present the modeling of solution-level architectural artifacts and their relationships, whose formalization enables event-based variation notification and propagation analysis. The goal is to provide architecture-level support for configuration and re-configuration of architectural artifacts based on industry practices. Their method also supports solution-level project variation management for the process of updating and maintaining architectural artifacts. The authors report a prototype tool that they have developed and describe how they extend the Unified Modeling Language (UML) mechanism to implement the system and enable solution-level enforcement as an example. The prototype has been applied in real projects as an SOA solution modeling tool.
The "Place Experience" as a Key for Local Development: A Theoretical Framework
Authors: Maggiore Giulio , Buonincontri Piera
Published: June 2014

The promotion of local economic development processes in a metropolitan area often depends on its ability to attract sustainable tourism flows and to provide residents with a high level in the quality of life. Both are basic conditions to enhance the competitiveness of an urban context, but they become possible only if territorial planning strategies are centered on the real "experience" lived by tourists and citizens while they get in touch (either virtually or physically) with that place. This is the reason why all the choices made by policy makers, urban planners and territorial marketing managers should be aimed at promoting the best experience possible for people visiting and living their cities. So, there is a need for theoretical models capable to support practitioners in their effort for "experience design", which can find in the marketing literature many interesting conceptual grounds, with particular reference to the studies on tourism experience. This field is growing very rapidly in the last years, but at the moment it is still characterized by a high fragmentation and there is lack of systematic theoretical models. This paper aims at filling this gap by presenting a conceptual framework appositely developed in order to give a solid basis for the design, management and evaluation of the experiences lived by people when they plan, visit and remember a place.
Open Service Innovation in Smart Cities: A Framework for Exploring Innovation Networks in the Development of New City Services
Authors: Errichiello Luisa , Marasco Alessandra
Published: June 2014

The paper presents a multi-dimensional framework for exploring the drivers, structure and dynamics of public-private service innovation networks in the smart city context and their innovation outcomes at the project, network and city levels. The framework provides a conceptual contribution to the increasingly relevant issue of open innovation in smart cities by leveraging the interpretive potential of the open service innovation perspective, namely the concept of Public Private Innovation Networks in Services (ServPPINs), to advance the understanding of complex interactive structures and processes involved in the development of new services for smart users.
The Port System Metropolitan for City of Reggio Calabria
Authors: Scrivo Raffaele
Published: June 2014

Reggio Calabria becomes a metropolitan city with the law n ° 135 August 7, 2012. The new local authority must not only be an automatic replacement of the province, but it has to start processes of sustainable development of the territory, through processes and integrated programs in services and infrastructure. The expectations are starting innovative governance, streamlined and efficient and to provide services and infrastructure to the area of high rank through strategic planning and shared. The theme of port system take on strategic importance in a context that is a candidate to be a reference point in the Mediterranean. The port, many times, has been interpreted as a driving force of development, but it has often been conceived only in its technical - functional. The experiences and analysis of efficient port reality show that, for the construction of a port system, an integrated approach is necessary [3] which considers the aspects of social, economic and financial.
Municipal Waste Management: The Calabrian Case
Authors: Nesci Francesco Saverio , Privitera Donatella
Published: June 2014

This paper tackles the issue of municipal waste collection and disposal in the light of the environmental and health demands and emergencies coming from urban areas. Starting from an overview of the European situation, the case of the Calabrian region will be analysed, in order to hypothesise effective management interventions and disposal systems.
Intermodal Nodes for the European Metropolis: Amsterdam Zuidas as EURandstad's Gate
Authors: Triggianese Manuela , Berlingieri Fabrizia
Published: June 2014

Since more than fifty years, in the Netherlands, the Randstad Holland [1,2] represents a model of reference within the international debate on the sustainable balance between urban areas, infrastructural development and preservation of natural environment. The polycentric urban structure of the country progressively built up a new metropolitan reality of Europe, based on a stable configuration of cities’ spatial relations around the maintenance of the Green Hearth core and on strategic logics of infrastructural developments. However today the double awareness to rebalance growing population of urban areas and to open the region towards North-Central Europe, create fundamental conditions for a renewed expanding vision [3]. The current Dutch metropolitan perspective looks at the densest cities of Amsterdam and Rotterdam as main European and international gates, addressing large scale ambitions to clusters of urban developments at the intersection of main roads, railways and local infrastructures. This paper presents an investigative approach and intends to provoke academic discussion on the conflicting and possible relationships between urban policies and design strategies in the construction of a new metropolitan European perspective. Particular emphasis is put on the coordination between contemporary policies with spatial implications in the city of Amsterdam. Exploring its geographical advantages, the City tries to give form to policies’ abstraction of Randstad 2040 vision in the recent structural spatial Agenda, focused on strategic urban and economic cores. The current vision represents the metropolitan ambition of the Netherlands, where the project of Zuidas - literally South Axis - is a prime example of a new model of intermodal urban hub. Throughout the Dutch example, this paper attempts to presentZuidas testing its capability to enhance an innovative approach – in urban policy and spatial implication- to sustainable development.
Mobility Driver Changes in Metropolitan Cities: A Case Study
Authors: Arnone Maurizio , Delmastro Tiziana , Saporito Letizia
Published: June 2014

The new proposed law aimed at reorganizing the Italian administrative territorial institutions, called Delrio, has raised a big debate regarding the correct identification of the metropolitan cities and definition of their boundaries. This law states that basically the metropolitan city boundaries should correspond to the provincial ones. The present paper is aimed at contributing to this debate from a different point of view. Mobility is changing across the whole Europe, however different trends could be identified in different areas. Understanding this changes and the characteristics of the future mobility could support the stakeholders in the difficult process of identification of the new metropolitan cities boundaries.
Transit Oriented Development & Social Equity: From Mixed Use to Mixed Framework
Authors: Cappellano Francesco , Spisto Alfonso
Published: June 2014

This paper aims at evaluating Transit Oriented Development’s performance related to social equity. We are going through the topic starting by the definition of Transit oriented Development, understanding its benefits (economic and environmental), its unintended consequences (related to social equity) and new strategies to avoid the latter ones. Finally we will compare two study cases, one in Rome (Italy) and one in Oakland, CA (USA) in order to figure out whether or not unintended social consequences are likely to be expected. We will adopt an evaluation design scheme, discovering that the best way to guarantee social equity is by using a “mixed framework” approach
Integrated Urban Regeneration: The Opportunity of Enhancing the Open Spaces
Authors: Rovai Massimo , Fastelli Laura , Lucchesi Fabio , Monacci Francesco
Published: June 2014

The paper, draws the attention of the debate a reflection on the possibility of developing, in some urban areas, strategies and actions for the regeneration and redevelopment of the city; bringing to the attention not only the improvement of the spatial and functional dimension of the rundown neighborhoods, but also of the social and environmental dimensions. The valorisation of these areas may benefit from the theory of Ecosystem Services [, which appears to be able to renew the traditional approaches, to land use planning from the perspective of urban metabolism [; in this regard are of great interest those forms of planning of degraded urban fringes that take into account the minimal standard of space and/or rural services by to each inhabitant in order to make an area sustainable. The contribution starts from careful analysis of the rural peri-urban areas of Tuscany, polarized between two apparently conflicting dynamics between them (use of land abandonment and agricultural soils), to develop a reflection about the possibility of experiencing urban regeneration processes that include in inside them, innovative forms for the design of open spaces, with the aim both to recover a portion of depressed urban areas both to create new public spaces, modeled according to the forms of multifunctional agriculture and identitarian landscape [. An urban regeneration directed not only to the built space, but also to the open space and to the promotion of effective projectuality through proper analysis of services, which could be offered by rural areas and serve needs expressed by residents.
Credit Access and Urban Regeneration in the United States
Authors: Dyer Alan W.
Published: June 2014

A key objective of the Commercial Local Urban Districts (CLUD) project is to explore different ways in which local economic activity can serve as a catalyst for urban regeneration. One approach to realizing this objective is to examine the linkages between local commercial activity and the broader urban environment, including various types of public private partnerships and their role in fostering local economic development (Weissbourd and Bodini, 2005). In particular, it is widely accepted among economists that a healthy commercial sector depends, among other things, on a reliable system for the creation and distribution of credit. One of the questions motivating the research agenda of CLUDs is whether or not it is possible to devise economic growth strategies centered on local and regional initiatives rather than on global and national ones. The reason for emphasizing local and regional economic growth strategies is that the overall goal of CLUDs is to explore new tools for local urban regeneration broad enough to be applied in a variety of cultural and historical milieus, yet sensitive enough to capture the unique qualities of different locales.
Challenging Inclusivity Urban Agriculture and Community Involvement in San Diego
Authors: Monardo Bruno , Palazzo Anna Laura
Published: June 2014

In recent years, destiny of cities has proven to be connected to efficiency and resilience of their ‘Green Infrastructures’, related agri-forestry strategies and health and food security policies.Policy-makers are increasingly dealing with such issues by means of specific sectorial measures including food system arrangements for health and sustainability, even in order to preserve fringe areas threatened by urban growth.Across the US, where ‘food deserts’ heavily shape access to fresh, local and healthy food, the growing consumers’ demand is being addressed by Urban Agriculture practices giving new perspectives to blighted zones of the post-crisis cities and tackling social malaise related to the massive migration.The ‘New Roots Community Farm’ in City Heights neighbourhood, San Diego, California, shows an intriguing potential, matching social inclusion and physical-economic redevelopment.
A Geographic Glimpse over Urban Agriculture
Authors: Dourado Ana Clara , Sales Marli
Published: June 2014

This paper aims to understand in which space agriculture can spread itself, based on a geographic glimpse, focusing on the potentiation of urban agriculture through the instruments of public policy that can stimulate and promote that practice by urban population. Thus, it is proposed to develop a bibliographic reference discussion that is related to the theme of this work, showing some theoretical points of view, as well as some practices of urban agriculture in several territories.
Challenges and Opportunities for Assessing Cultural Landscape: An Ecomuseum for Cultural-Based Local Development
Authors: Cassalia Giuseppina , Ventura Claudia
Published: June 2014

This study arises from applied research in regional contexts combined with a deep analysis of cultural landscape potential for socio-cultural and economic local development. In addition, it starts from a careful critical reflection on traditional governance models of naturalistic contexts located on the sidelines of metropolitan suburbs in delay development. It is aimed at deepening the theoretical recognition of the identifying characteristics of the Aspromonte National Park as an inseparable reality and to the definition of rurality as an important tourist attraction and as endogenous development. Moreover the paper present a summary of a pilot project for the definition, assessment and implementation of a model of Ecomuseum of the Cultural Landscape, through the identification of homogeneous territorial areas in which to conduct experimentation and implementation of management models able to trigger processes of exploitation and growth of the Aspromonte area thanks to an innovative strategic planning focused on the community involvement and heritage enhancement.
Natural Commercial Centers: Regeneration Opportunities and Urban Challenges
Authors: Esposito de Vita Gabriella , Ragozino Stefania
Published: June 2014

In the history of European cities, public spaces always played a pivotal role, representing key places for developing social interactions and for enhancing the sense of community. Squares, commercial streets, market places as well as traditional retail and art-and-crafts areas can be considered the core of the city. The social, economic and demographic crisis and the loss of cultural identity has affected the capacity of attraction of local small retailers, giving the floor to the aggressive strategies of suburban shopping malls, centers, arcades or precinct, forming a complex of shops, movie theaters, restaurants and food courts with interconnecting walkways [. Typical expressions of a globalized economy, the different categories of suburban shopping mall have transformed behaviors and paths at a large scale [. One consequences can be identified in the loss of traditional commercial activities within the city centre, producing a situation of urban decline, mirrored by the impoverishment of public spaces [[. This paper suggests that, by activating the existing cultural and socio-economic capital it is possible to undertake a successful regeneration process based on a participative approach and on public and private integrated tools. By focussing on the experience of the Centri Commerciali Naturali (Natural Commercial Centres) established in Italy as partnership between Municipalities, cultural operators, public services providers and associations of shops owners to exploit the commercial activities in the historical centers the ongoing research is oriented to explore successful experiences of private-public partnership to be implemented in a regeneration process of areas traditionally dedicated to retail and art-and-craft small enterprises. The paper discusses the potentiality and the criticism of the NCC as engine for the redevelopment and regeneration of the inner city abandoned retail areas. In so doing, the experience developed in Campania (Southern Italy) will be analyzed in order to show how the activation of the social capital within the framework of the CCN could contribute in renovating the traditional commercial identity of the area, supporting the public spaces regeneration process. This paper aspires to offer useful insights to all those policy makers, city managers and planners who seek to revitalise traditional market areas in European city centres.
The Historical City between Past and Future. Is the Center becoming Peripheral?
Authors: Di Paola Antonluca
Published: June 2014

The passage among the concept of "historical center" to that of "historical city" involves an expansion of the concept of "historicity" that means a different way to look at the contemporary city. The "historicity" is, in fact, a value attributed to portions of territory, to building/monuments of a past, also recent, that are considered such for rarity, testimony, beauty. Consequently the first problem is the recognition of the "historical city"; that involve individualization and interpretation of the existing values with the purpose to give new functions and roles to those parts of city. The whole the knowledge implicates a new urban project, new tools of intervention and new planning procedures, according to the demands expressed from the urban communities of the Mediterranean Basin, in Italy and particularly, also in Libya.
Architectural Conservation and Cultural Inclusion - The Applicative Case of Motta San Giovanni (Reggio Calabria-Italy) and its Romanian Community
Authors: Bianco Alessia , Triolo Vincenza
Published: June 2014

The paper describes a proposal for restoration and reuse of the Praci neighborhood in Motta San Giovanni, an inland town of the Reggio Calabria Province, aimed to accommodate and facilitate the integration of its migrant Romanian community. The project proposes a plan of self-constructive restoration, to be used as the residence of Romanian migrants, that for the Municipality could be a tool to make the whole community responsible for management and conservation of now abandoned a vernacular building heritage and for the migrant community could constitute not only an opportunity for improving its living, as well as social, condition, but also for taking advantage of a educative experience, considering that a significant part of Romanian migrants in Motta San Giovanni is employed in construction.
The Cultural Landscape of the “Grecanic Area” and the Recovery of the Genius Loci of its Historical Centres
Authors: Campolo Daniele
Published: June 2014

The “Grecanic Area” in the province of Reggio Calabria is a region with an enormous heritage of great cultural value, surrounded by a still intact natural heritage, but now, despite some attempts to nominate the “Ellenofona Island” (ancient Greek - speaking area) in the List of the immense Cultural Heritage of mankind, this territory is not still considered despite of its value: it would be sufficient to focus mainly on the values ​​of the great cultural heritage and the natural heritage and on the “genius loci” of the historic centres of the “Grecanic Area”. The aim of this paper is to highlight how the protection and enhancement of these assets could contrast phenomena of emigration and depopulation of the inland areas and the socio-economic disintegration in favour of a re-appropriation of the cultural identity of an area that has remained virtually unchanged for many centuries. Starting from the new discovery of the "genius loci" of the ancient historic villages in the Grecanic Area, the conservation and the enhancement of natural and great heritage allows to pursue a sustainable development, using local resources as a “visiting card” of the territory, the natural landscape and the wildlife heritage.
Europe 2020 Sl-LAB: A New Center for Economic and Social Development in Sicily
Authors: Provenzano Vincenzo , Carta Maurizio , Arnone Massimo
Published: June 2014

The debate on the determinants of regional and local development has been stimulated recently by the European strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth defined as Europe 2020. We present the objectives and structure of a new laboratory (SI-LAB) for the development of Sicilian economy promoted by the University of Palermo. In particular, we highlight the fundamental issues related to the incoming functioning of the Lab as a new oganization devoted to analyzing public policy issues, and fostering new ways of entrepreurship at the local level.
Managing Urban Landscape towards the Sustainable City: A Case Study from Northern Greece
Authors: Paraskevi-Kali Sofianou
Published: June 2014

One of the areas of human activity which exerts severe pressure on the environment is the management of urban landscape. Many of the modern Greek cities have experienced intense urbanization and expanding, but without the appropriate means to support them. The continuous expansion of the built environment, the degradation of living conditions due to pollution etc., are some of the factors that threaten the contemporary urban environment and hinder progress towards the sustainable city.In this paper an attempt is made to explore the problems and opportunities that a city of Northern Greece, Komotini, presents, with rich natural, historical and multicultural backgrounds. Through thorough planning and targeted development policies can be determined the appropriate actions in urban environment, in order to prevent and legalize some of the principles of the sustainable city.
Housing Affordability Index: Real Estate Market and Housing Situations
Authors: Sdino Leopoldo , Castagnino Paola
Published: June 2014

One of the main problems in defining strategies for the real estate market (whether in terms of planning and, therefore, in public administration, or whether of a considerably more speculative nature, and therefore, in the private sector) lies in the operator’s less than perfect knowledge of the aspects of supply and demand, due to the real estate market’s characteristics. The prerequisite to starting or sustaining virtuous dynamics in territorial development is knowledge of the real estate market, an area that has now been widely studied, in terms of the potential for economic, social and territorial development. This paper proposes the application of a synthetic index, the Housing Affordability Index (HAI), which was developed in detail at the municipality level to identify areas where housing is inadequate. The territorial scope includes Northwest regions of Italy, Liguria and Lombardy. HAI describes what happened and must then be understood conducing multi-disciplinary examinations, intended to explain why it happened.
The Area Vasta of Cagliari: An Insight into the Real Estate Market within a Wider Integrated Approach on the Urban Areas Competitiveness Level
Authors: Bodano Francesca , Ingaramo Luisa , Sabatino Stefania
Published: June 2014

The paper offers a territorial analysis extracted from the 2013 edition of the Rapporto Annuale di Competitività delle Aree Urbane Italiane (RCAU). The Report (IV edition at present) is produced thanks to the commitment of a multi-curricular partnership, supported by the European Bank of Investment, to enhance the strategic knowledge of investors, potentially interested in the European JESSICA initiative. The insight into the Area Vasta of Cagliari is relevant as it shows the opportunities offered by the competitiveness RCAU standardised analysis model, based on 110 provinces (NUTS territorial units), to develop further in depth studies on thematic clusters or specific areas. The result is the chance of critically comparing fact-finding information at different geographic scales. The analysis herewith presented let to highlight some typical cause-effect relations in the Cagliari Area Vasta from the urban towards the rural territory (i.e.: the real estate values distribution depending on the location of material and immaterial infrastructures, even considering the so called human capital balance). In this respect its remarkable to recall that the housing price tends to capture both intrinsic and extrinsic components, being a good index of territorial competitiveness. One of the added value of the study is its replicability, thanks to the RCAU dataset (80 indicators covering demographic, economic and territorial data), useful to support decision makers in a direct, not strictly technical communication. Among the main RCAU promoters its remarkable the growing role played by Banking Foundations, more and more interested to take advantage of revolving funds investments for the creation of sustainable and resilient strategies.
Territorial Marketing Applied to Cultural Tourism: Assessment of Cultural Event Impacts
Authors: Ventura Claudia
Published: June 2014

Event Marketing and Regional Studies are widely considered discipline with still uncertain and not fully defined contours. In order to highlight the extent and the relevance of developing researches into these fields, it is proposed here a study able to demonstrate the operational validity of marketing in favor territorial development. The research work has addressed the issues of territorial promotion and analysis of touristic attitude of destinations providing an innovative application of the input-output methodology, used in the economic impact analysis.
Knowledge Economy and Regional Innovation Policy Milieu
Authors: Vittoria Maria Patrizia , Persico Pasquale
Published: June 2014

The emergence of the knowledge economy has resulted in a new definition of regional policy milieu. Under the current EU policy framework the concepts of region and city are the result of an inductive, exploratory cognitive process. Interpreting, assessing and designing successful territorial milieux constitute a methodological challenge for analysts. This paper discusses the methodological capacity of a hybrid theoretical approach to discovery and design of smart specialization. Analysis of strategic network formation (why the network takes a particular form) demonstrates the competitive positioning of specific homogeneous communities within the global value chain and can be considered central to the regional policy milieu. /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabella normale"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;}
Networking as Multi-Purposed Tool for Innovative Organizations in Rural Areas
Authors: Madureira Lívia , Gamito Teresa Maria , Ferreira Dora
Published: June 2014

This paper builds on the findings of a survey to the innovative organizations located in Portuguese rural areas. This survey has been underlined and applied in the context of the project RUR@L INOV. The paper has two goals: to explore how networking is used by rural-based organizations and, second, to discuss how networking could be promoted by public policy to boost collaborative innovation. The evidence presented and discussed indicates that networking is used by rural-based innovators as a multi-purposed tool including the establishment of networks to obtain scale/scope effects and/or access local, mostly intangible, resources of rural areas. However, conventional innovation networks, usually led by R&D units or top-associations dont appear as a significant resource for most of the innovators. Probably, due to the organizations smallness, the high qualification of innovation leaders, together with their entrepreneurial attitude, these innovators search for knowledge and other resources by their own means and initiative. Nevertheless, this entrepreneurial attitude towards knowledge, information and skills demand could be shared by other, both existing organizations and new-entrants in the rural economies, through new networking models led by the innovators.
RoSunLand: A Sustainable Self-Construction Village for Emigrant African Workers in Italy
Authors: Bianco Alessia , Ceradini Vittorio , Suraci Alessandra , Di Paola Antonio
Published: June 2014

The paper regards a research, aimed to purpose an architectonic project to realize a self-construction village in a farming town, Rosarno, located in Calabria, that is the southernmost Italian region. The project is purposed in alternative to a temporary camp, realized by the army, after a the revolt of many African emigrants, who live in this area and work in the oranges plantations with scarce protection of their rights and forced to live inside old abandoned industrial buildings. The protest, determined by inhuman life and working conditions of these young Africans, however, did not find an appropriate solution by governative institutions, which have built a refugee camp in order to receive, but also to control them, relegating them away from the city. Our project proposal, RoSunLand, wants to be an alternative solution, capable to be expression of a culture, which accepts diversity as a humanizing wealth and to remind that work is one of most relevant social means to achieve dignity.
Efficient Vibration Control with a Semi-Active Vibration Absorber in a Semiconductor Fab
Authors: Su Teng Sheng , Hung Chen Far , Chang Shu Hua , Wu Ting Hao , Chang Luh Maan
Published: June 2014

In this paper a new type of semi-active vibration absorber has been developed. The vibration absorber consists of mass block, cantilever beam, magnet lock system, vibration and distance sensors, controller and servo motor. The mass block is fixed on the tip of cantilever beam, and the control process is driven by a servo motor and a transmit gears. Portion of cantilever was cut in form of gear tracks, which can be driven by servo motor through transmit gear to regulate the length of the cantilever beam, and the natural frequency of absorber will also be regulated. After the mass locates in right position (i.e. the natural frequency of absorber is in assigned condition), the magnetic lock will clamp the cantilever beam. The design has the benefit of simplified control system, and extra unknown vibration modes will be averted. A fabrication prototype of the proposed semi-active vibration absorber is constructed and tested to demonstrate the application and modeling of the new cantilever beam damper. By performing the experimental work, the semi-active vibration control system is designed not only for reduce vibration level in resonant condition, but also considered for vibration attenuation in non-resonant conditions.
Envelope Analysis Using the Teager-Kaiser Energy Operator for Condition Monitoring of a Wind Turbine Bearing
Authors: Antoniadou Ifigeneia , Howard Thomas P. , Dwyer-Joyce R.S. , Marshall Matthew B. , Naumann Jack , Dervilis Nikolaos , Worden Keith
Published: June 2014

Different signal processing methods are applied to experimental data obtained from a rolling element bearing rig in order to perform damage detection. Among these methods the Teager-Kaiser energy operator is also proposed as a more novel approach. This energy operator is an amplitude-frequency demodulation method used in this paper as an alternative to the Hilbert Transform in order to perform envelope analysis on the datasets analysed.
Identification of Corrosion on a Hollow Tube Using Vibration
Authors: Cheng S.T. , Abdul Jalil Nawal Aswan , Zulkefli Zamir A.
Published: June 2014

Vibration based technique have so far been focused on the identification of structural damage. However, not many studies have been conducted on the corrosion identification on pipes. The objective of this paper is to identify corrosion on pipes from vibration measurements. A hollow pipe, 500 mm in length with 63.5 mm in diameter was subjected to impact loading using an impact hammer to identify the natural frequency of the tube in two conditions i) without any corrosion and ii) with an induced localized 40 mm by 40 mm corrosion at the middle of the pipe. The shift of natural frequencies of the structures under free boundary conditions was examined for each node of excitation. The results showed that there is a shift in natural frequency of the pipe, between 3 and 4 Hz near to the corrosion area. It can suggested that that the impact vibration is capable of identifying of localized corrosion on a hollow tube.
Vibration Gear Fault Diagnostics Technique Using Wavelet Support Vector Machine
Authors: Widodo Achmad , Dewi Widowati D.P. , Satrijo D. , Haryanto I.
Published: June 2014

Intelligent diagnostics tool for detecting damaged bevel gears was developed based on wavelet support vector machine (WSVM). In this technique, the existing method of SVM was modified by introducing Haar wavelet function as kernel for mapping input data into feature space. The developed method was experimentally evaluated by vibration data measured from test rig machinery fault simulator (MFS). There were four conditions of gears namely normal, worn, teeth defect and one missing-teeth which has been experimented. Statistical features were then calculated from vibration signals and they were employed as input data for training WSVM. Fault diagnostics of bevel gear was performed by executing classification task in trained WSVM. The accuracy of fault diagnostics were evaluated by testing procedure through vibration data acquired from test rig. The results show that the proposed system gives plausible performance in fault diagnostics based on experimental work.
Effect of Nozzle Angleson Spray Losses Reduction
Authors: Hassen Nasir S. , Che Sidik Nor Azwadi , Md Sheriff Jamaluddin
Published: June 2014

Spray losses are the most important problem that is faced in the spray application process as result of spray drift to non target areas by the action of air flow.This paper investigated the spray drift for banding applicationusing even flat-fan nozzle TPEunder wind tunnel conditions.In addition, this paper also examined the effect of different spray fan angles 65°, 80° and 95° on spray drift particularly where there is need to make the nozzle operate at the optimum heights above the ground or plant level.In addition, three cross wind speeds 1, 2 and 3m/swere produced to determine the effect of wind speed on total spray drift.According to the results from this study, the nozzle anglehas a significant effect on the total spray drift. The nozzle angle 65° gave the highest drift reduction compared to the other nozzle angles. The maximum driftfor all nozzles was found at nozzle height of 60 cm. The minimum mean value of the drift was found at wind speed of 1 m/s. This study supports the use of nozzle angles of less than 95° on heights more than 0.5m and on wind speeds more than 1m/s as a means for minimizing spray drift.
Design Improvement of Automatic Transmission System for Remote Controlled Car
Authors: Mohd Ariffin Mohd Khairol Anuar , Yee Lee T. , Mohamed Saiful Bahri
Published: June 2014

Remote controlled cars currently in the market only offer one transmission mode. They are less efficient in acceleration while the torque cannot be increase during the low speed. Although improvement has been made by upgrading to two speed transmissions, but the gearing system is still not sufficient to maximize the speed of nitro engine. With a third gear, the car has the potential to increase its velocity and fully utilize its engine power. This paper focus on the transmission system model for 1/10th scale nitro engine which can produce up to 30,000 rpm. The third gears has shown significant improvement of the car theoretical speed up to 210 km/h.
Validation of Flow Impact to Detect the Energy Loss in Ball Valve
Authors: Yusof N.S.B. , Rafie A.S.M. , Mohd Ariffin Mohd Khairol Anuar , Othman N.
Published: June 2014

Researchers especially from engineering field are using Computer Fluid Dynamic (CFD) software to simulate the three dimension (3D) model before they perform any experiments to prove their theories. The aim of this study is to develop a valve model in 3D using Solidworks software and to analyze internal fluid flow using Solidworks Flow Simulation (SWF) software to prove that this software has the capability in performing fluid simulations for the ball valve. The SWF successfully calculates the value of outlet velocity for the ball valve at different closing angles and different pressures value. The results shown are significantly acceptable by referring to the outputs of practical experiment and simulation incidence’s error of Ozdamar model 2007. The average error in calculation for SWF is about 7.42%, unlike FLUENT which is around 11.09%. Therefore; the engineers can simulate their models with higher accuracy using SWF software.
Wind Tunnel Study on the Pressure Coefficient Performance of Different Venturi Shaped Roof Configurations for Wind Induced Natural Ventilation
Authors: Boroojerdian M.M. , Adam Nor Maria , Rafie Azmin Shakrine Mohd
Published: June 2014

Wind catchers are structures used for natural ventilation using wind induced into buildings. Recently this has attracted attention for green buolding features There is limited studies on the different venturi shapes and their effects on inducing wind into buildingss.. This study considered three configurations ie. the shallow ellipse, the ellipse and the hemisphere in a wind tunnel with different speeds ranging from 8 m/s to 20 m/s. The negative pressure coefficient at the lower center of the roof is considered as the criteria for higher ventilation rate. The shallow ellipse performed the best but due to construction limitations other alternatives are recommended.
Performance Improvement of Tubular-Ice Making Machine by Reducing the Feed Water Temperature with Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger
Authors: Nakornsri Sukkapop , Suntivarakorn Ratchaphon , Thanutwutthigorn Khanison
Published: June 2014

The paper presents a study on performance of improvement carried out on a tubular ice making machine by reducing feed water temperature using a shell and tube heat exchanger. An ice making machine with a capacity of 20 ton per day was used to in this study. The shell and tube heat exchanger was designed to reduce the feed water temperature. It has a length of 1.5 meters and 3.5 m2 of heat transfer area. The heat exchanger were installed at the inlet of an evaporator. Then, the performance and energy consumption of the ice making machine were examined with the experimental condition of cooling temperature at 20°C and 30°C. The comparison of the performance and energy consumption before and after heat exchanger installation were also studied. From the experiment, the results showed that the heat exchanger can reduce the feed water temperature by an average of 7.5°C, and the energy consumption was decreased by 17.1 %. The cycle time for ice production was decreased to 7 minute/cycle, and the capacity of the ice making machine was increased by 17.5%. If the cost of running the heat exchanger is 200,000 baht, this solution can potentially save the energy expense of up to 269,570 baht/year with a payback period of 0.93 year.
Densification Behavior and Hardness Evaluation of Consolidated W-25Cu Composite Powder by Re-Compaction Method
Authors: Hafed Ibrahim , Aziz Azizan , Azmi Rahmat
Published: June 2014

In this work, one stage and two stages compaction technique were used to fabricate the tungsten-copper composite powder. Liquid infiltration technique was used to consolidate the W-Cu green compact and a low concentration iron powder was added as activation material to enhance the sintering behavior. In addition, two-steps compaction process was developed for improving mechanical properties of W-Cu composite as well as segregation of Fe around W grain. The green compact was directly infiltrated at 1250 °C for about 2 hours under vacuum conditions. The microstructure, inter-boundary layer and the contamination levels of the infiltrated compacts were characterized using the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). Relative sintering density varied in the range of 97.1 to 99.3 % of theoretical density, and it was highly depended on Fe concentration and method of compaction. In contrast to one stage compaction, the experimental results showed that the composites fabricated by the two stages of compact ion had better homogeneous structure, high densification and a clear segregation of inter-boundary layer of Fe-W around W grains.
Effect of Fiber Loading on Tensile Properties of Cocoa Pod Husk Fibers Reinforced Thermoplastic Polyurethane Composites
Authors: El-Shekeil Y.A. , Sapuan S.M. , Haron M.
Published: June 2014

In this study, cocoa (Theobroma cacao) pod husk (CPH) fiber reinforced themoplastic polyurethane (TPU) was prepared by melt blending method using Haake Polydrive R600 internal mixer. The composites were prepared with different fiber loading: 20%, 30% and 40% (by weight), with the optimum processing parameters: 190°C, 11 min, and 40 rpm for temperature, time and speed, respectively. Five samples were cut from the composite sheet. Mean value was taken for each composite according to ASTM standards. Increase of fibre loading showed increase in tensile strength and modulus and decreasing trend of strain.
Effect of Fiber Loading on the Mechanical Properties of Millet Husk Filled High Density Polyethylene Composites
Authors: Hammajam Abba A. , Ismarrubie Z.N. , Sapuan S.M.
Published: June 2014

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of fiber loading on the mechanical properties of millet husk (MH) filled high density polyethylene (HDPE) thermoplastic composites. Three different fiber sizes; 250 μm, 500 μm and 750 μm were pulverized and the fiber loading was 10 %, 20 %, 30 % and 40% by weight. The MH-HDPE composites were prepared by application of internal mixer, accompanied by compression molding process. Tensile properties were tested using universal testing machine (UTM). The tensile strength increase from 0 % to 10 % by weight fiber loadings. But this strength decrease as the fiber loading increase, while the modulus increase as the loadings increases. At 30 % fiber loadings, the strength of the composites decrease for high fiber sizes of 500 μm and 750 μm and increases for small fiber sizes of 250 μm for both the composites strength and modulus . This is presume the maximum loading for MHHDPE composites.
Microstructural Evaluation of Bi-Ag and Bi-Sb Lead-Free High-Temperature Solder Candidates on Copper Substrate with Multiple Reflow Number
Authors: Nahavandi Mahdi , Mohamed Ariff Azmah Hanim , Ismarrubie Z.N. , Baserfalak F.
Published: June 2014

An impetus has been provided towards the development of lead-free solders by worldwide environmental legislation that banned the use of lead in solders due to the lead toxicity.This study focus on Bi-Ag and Bi-Sb solder alloys, in compositions from 1.5 to 5 wt % Ag and Sb. The effects of Ag and Sb amount, and reflow number on the microstructure and morphology of solder bulk were analysed by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray. Based on the results, the grain boundary grooving was observed in all samples except Bi-5Sb in all three reflows. Metallurgical and chemical reaction between interface and solders were found in Bi-5Sb solder alloys in different reflow numbers which lead to appearance of Cu3Sb intermetallic compound layer at the interface. Reflow numbers had a significant effect on the size of Cu-rich phase. Also it was observed that, with increasing reflow number Bi-Cu phase found in Bi-2.5Sb solder dissolves into the solder bulk.
Local-Overall Flexural Interaction of Pinned-Ended Thin-Walled I-Section Columns
Authors: Yidris Noorfaizal , Sultan Mohamed Thariq Hameed , Harmin Mohammad Yazdi , Rafie Azmin Shakrine Mohd
Published: June 2014

The structural performance of thin-walled compression members are subject to the effects of local buckling, interaction between buckling modes, loading end conditions and material yielding and that due to these effects the compressive carrying capability of thin-walled members can be significantly diminished. This paper employs the finite element simulation to examine the local-overall flexural interaction response of pinned-ended thin-walled I-section columns that covers the complete compressed loading history from the onset of elastic local buckling through the nonlinear elastic and elasto-plastic post-buckling interactive phases of behaviour to final collapse and unloading. A detailed account of the growth and redistribution of stresses on the surfaces is given in the paper. Pinned-ended conditions means, of course, simply supported conditions at the column ends with respect to global rotations and the ends of the constituent plates of the cross-section can be treated as either locally rotationally constrained or locally rotationally free. The numerical simulations take into account the influence of material nonlinearity and geometrical imperfections on the compressive ultimate failures of the sections, however, the study is limited to the interaction of local buckling with overall flexural bending as well as locally rotationally constrained condition. This paper shows that the ultimate failure of the columns is related with yielding on the compression sides of the outer surfaces of the section walls at the web, flanges and section junctions mostly located along the length of the columns.