bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New Method to Measure Bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) Golf Course Putting Green Ball Roll Uniformity
Authors: Reasor Eric H. , Brosnan James T. , Woods Micah S.
Published: March 2020

The golf industry has a $170 billion economic impact in the United States, and a vital aspect of the sport is golf course putting green performance. The goal of putting green management is to provide a surface on which a golf ball is rolled uniformly while maintaining acceptable yearlong turfgrass quality. Several devices have been developed to quantify golf ball roll dynamics on putting greens; however, there are limited methods to measure putting green ball roll uniformity. The objective of this research was to assess putting green ball roll uniformity by measuring the dispersion of golf balls released from a modified Perfect Putter device. The Perfect Putter is a lightweight and portable ramped device that was modified to include a fixed hinge to minimize human error associated with golf ball release and a wider base for increased stability. Our method for quantifying ball roll uniformity was as follows: 20 golf balls were released from the device and marked individually. Dispersion length was quantified by measuring the maximum linear distance between two marks parallel to the roll line, whereas dispersion width was quantified by measuring the maximum linear distance between two marks perpendicular to the roll line. These two values were multiplied together to calculate the area of golf ball dispersion. This method measured a range of dispersion areas among geographic locations, turfgrass cultivars, and turfgrass canopy heights. This rapid test of putting surface ball roll uniformity has potential to aid bermudagrass turfgrass managers in maximizing putting green playability.
Paired Associative Stimulation Fails to Induce Plasticity in Freely Behaving Intact Rats
Authors: Ting Windsor Kwan-Chun , Huot-Lavoie Maxime , Ethier Christian
Published: March 2020

Paired associative stimulation (PAS) has been explored in humans as a noninvasive tool to drive plasticity and promote recovery after neurologic insult. A more thorough understanding of PAS-induced plasticity is needed to fully harness it as a clinical tool. Here, we tested the efficacy of PAS with multiple interstimulus intervals in an awake rat model to study the principles of associative plasticity. Using chronically implanted electrodes in motor cortex and forelimb, we explored PAS parameters to effectively drive plasticity. We assessed changes in corticomotor excitability using a closed-loop, EMG-controlled cortical stimulation paradigm. We tested 11 PAS intervals, chosen to force the coincidence of neuronal activity in the motor cortex and spinal cord of rats with timings relevant to the principles of Hebbian spike timing-dependent plasticity. However, despite a relatively large number of stimulus pairings (300), none of the tested intervals reliably changed corticospinal excitability relative to control conditions. Our results question PAS effectiveness under these conditions.
Normosmic idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism due to a novel GNRH1 variant in two siblings
Authors: Sagi Satyanarayana V , Joshi Hareesh , Whiles Emily , Hikmat Mondy , Puthi Vijith R , MacDougall Jane , Spiden Sarah L , Fuller Gavin , Park Soo-Mi , Oyibo Samson O
Published: March 2020

Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism is characterised by insufficient secretion of pituitary gonadotropins resulting in delayed puberty, anovulation and azoospermia. When hypogonadotropic hypogonadism occurs in the absence of structural or functional lesions of the hypothalamic or pituitary gland, the hypogonadism is defined as idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH). This is a rare genetic disorder caused by a defect in the secretion of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GNRH) by the hypothalamus or a defect in the action of GNRH on the pituitary gland. Up to 50% of IHH cases have identifiable pathogenic variants in the currently known genes. Pathogenic variants in the GNRHR gene encoding the GNRH receptor are a relatively common cause of normosmic IHH, but reports of pathogenic variants in GNRH1 encoding GNRH are exceedingly rare. We present a case of two siblings born to consanguineous parents who were found to have normosmic idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism due to homozygosity of a novel loss-of function variant in GNRH1. Case 1 is a male who presented at the age of 17 years with delayed puberty and under-virilised genitalia. Case 2 is a female who presented at the age of 16 years with delayed puberty and primary amenorrhea.

Learning points:

IHH is a genetically heterogeneous disorder which can be caused by pathogenic variants affecting proteins involved in the pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone release, action, or both.

Currently known genetic defects account for up to 50% of all IHH cases.

GNRH1 pathogenic variants are a rare cause of normosmic IHH.

IHH is associated with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations.

IHH can be challenging to diagnose, particularly when attempting to differentiate it from constitutional delay of puberty.

Early diagnosis and gonadotrophin therapy can prevent negative physical sequelae and mitigate psychological distress with the restoration of puberty and fertility in affected individuals.
Diagnosis and Surgical Outcomes of Patients with Anomalous Left Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Artery: A Single Taiwanese Medical Center Experience
Authors: Hsu Wan-Fu , Lee Pi-Chang , Li Hsing-Yuan , Huang Shao-Wei , Chen Shyi-Jou , Wu Fei-Yi , Weng Zen-Chung , Hwang Be Tau
Published: March 2020

Background: Anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA), a very rare congenital cardiac anomaly, is associated with a high mortality rate among infants who are not diagnosed or treated in a timely manner. Surgical intervention with the reconstruction for a two-coronary-system circulation is the main treatment; however, there have been very few reported cases from Taiwan. In this study, we aim to describe the clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, surgery types, and surgical outcomes in patients with ALCAPA from a single Taiwanese medical center.
Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients diagnosed with ALCAPA who underwent surgery at our institution between January 2001 and October 2018. Clinical presentations, noninvasive and invasive study results, surgical methods, and postoperative follow-up results were assessed from medical records. Moreover, literature on this particular cardiovascular anomaly was reviewed.
Results: The study included 6 patients (5 children and 1 adult). The diagnosis was confirmed using cardiac catheterization and coronary angiography in four patients and only echocardiography in two patients. All patients underwent surgical correction and survived. Four patients showed improvements in left ventricular function and mitral regurgitation (MR).
Conclusion: Early diagnosis and timely surgical intervention could avoid mortality regardless of the method of operation. ALCAPA can be definitively diagnosed using noninvasive echocardiography. Both left ventricular systolic function and mitral insufficiency could improve after the surgical intervention in pediatric patients. Repair or replacement of the mitral valve could be reserved for persistent MR complicated with congestive heart failure, particularly in patients who received the initial operation beyond infancy.
Species-Specific Duplication Event Associated with Elevated Levels of Nonstructural Carbohydrates in Sorghum bicolor
Authors: Brenton Zachary W , Juengst Brendon T , Cooper Elizabeth A , Myers Matthew T , Jordan Kathleen E , Dale Savanah M , Glaubitz Jeffrey C , Wang Xiaoyun , Boyles Richard E , Connolly Erin L , Kresovich Stephen
Published: March 2020

Simple sugars are the essential foundation to plant life, and thus, their production, utilization, and storage are highly regulated processes with many complex genetic controls. Despite their importance, many of the genetic and biochemical mechanisms remain unknown or uncharacterized. Sorghum, a highly productive, diverse C4 grass important for both industrial and subsistence agricultural systems, has considerable phenotypic diversity in the accumulation of nonstructural sugars in the stem. We use this crop species to examine the genetic controls of high levels of sugar accumulation, identify genetic mechanisms for the accumulation of nonstructural sugars, and link carbon allocation with iron transport. We identify a species-specific tandem duplication event controlling sugar accumulation using genome-wide association analysis, characterize multiple allelic variants causing increased sugar content, and provide further evidence of a putative neofunctionalization event conferring adaptability in Sorghum bicolor. Comparative genomics indicate that this event is unique to sorghum which may further elucidate evolutionary mechanisms for adaptation and divergence within the Poaceae. Furthermore, the identification and characterization of this event was only possible with the continued advancement and improvement of the reference genome. The characterization of this region and the process in which it was discovered serve as a reminder that any reference genome is imperfect and is in need of continual improvement.
Extending the Genotype inBrachypodiumby Including DNA Methylation Reveals a Joint Contribution with Genetics on Adaptive Traits
Authors: Eichten Steven R , Srivastava Akanksha , Reddiex Adam J , Ganguly Diep R , Heussler Alison , Streich Jared C , Wilson Pip B , Borevitz Justin O
Published: March 2020

Epigenomic changes have been considered a potential missing link underlying phenotypic variation in quantitative traits but is potentially confounded with the underlying DNA sequence variation. Although the concept of epigenetic inheritance has been discussed in depth, there have been few studies attempting to directly dissect the amount of epigenomic variation within inbred natural populations while also accounting for genetic diversity. By using known genetic relationships between Brachypodium lines, multiple sets of nearly identical accession families were selected for phenotypic studies and DNA methylome profiling to investigate the dual role of (epi)genetics under simulated natural seasonal climate conditions. Despite reduced genetic diversity, appreciable phenotypic variation was still observable in the measured traits (height, leaf width and length, tiller count, flowering time, ear count) between as well as within the inbred accessions. However, with reduced genetic diversity there was diminished variation in DNA methylation within families. Mixed-effects linear modeling revealed large genetic differences between families and a minor contribution of DNA methylation variation on phenotypic variation in select traits. Taken together, this analysis suggests a limited but significant contribution of DNA methylation toward heritable phenotypic variation relative to genetic differences.
Alcohol Causes Lasting Differential Transcription inDrosophilaMushroom Body Neurons
Authors: Petruccelli Emily , Brown Tariq , Waterman Amanda , Ledru Nicolas , Kaun Karla R
Published: March 2020

Cues associated with intoxication can elicit cravings for alcohol, leading to increased consumption and relapse in people recovering from alcohol use disorder. Petruccelli et al. employed genetic tools in...

Repeated alcohol experiences can produce long-lasting memories for sensory cues associated with intoxication. These memories can problematically trigger relapse in individuals recovering from alcohol use disorder (AUD). The molecular mechanisms by which ethanol changes memories to become long-lasting and inflexible remain unclear. New methods to analyze gene expression within precise neuronal cell types can provide further insight toward AUD prevention and treatment. Here, we used genetic tools in Drosophila melanogaster to investigate the lasting consequences of ethanol on transcription in memory-encoding neurons. Drosophila rely on mushroom body (MB) neurons to make associative memories, including memories of ethanol-associated sensory cues. Differential expression analyses revealed that distinct transcripts, but not genes, in the MB were associated with experiencing ethanol alone compared to forming a memory of an odor cue associated with ethanol. Adult MB-specific knockdown of spliceosome-associated proteins demonstrated the necessity of RNA-processing in ethanol memory formation. These findings highlight the dynamic, context-specific regulation of transcription in cue-encoding neurons, and the lasting effect of ethanol on transcript usage during memory formation.
La independencia y la promesa de la vida peruana
Authors: Morán Daniel , Pérez Javier , Yarango Jesús
Published: March 2020

En el contexto de las celebraciones de los bicentenarios de las independencias en América Latina y el complejo proceso de construcción de la legitimidad republicana tanto ayer como hoy, está investigación propone repensar los orígenes del republicanismo peruano a partir de la diversidad de intereses de los actores políticos en la coyuntura independentista, especialmente entre 1821-1822, tomando como fuente la prensa política. Esta investigación plantea el estudio de los discursos políticos y sus representaciones plasmadas en la prensa entre el protectorado de San Martín y la formación del primer congreso constituyente peruano (1822). El objetivo es documentar como estas representaciones discursivas fueron emergiendo en un contexto de pluralidad de discursos políticos en conflicto motivados por la necesidad de construir una legitimidad política que permitiera forjar un nuevo orden republicano.
The Poetics of Completion in the Novel by F. M. Dostoevsky “Demons”
Authors: Batalova Tamara P.
Published: March 2020

The article deals with the poetics of completion in the novel “Demons” by F. M. Dostoevsky, and reveals the features of the “Conclusion” that reveals and generalizes the main idea of the work. The author analyzes the meaning of Stavrogin's letter to Daria Pavlovna Shatov, which sums up the hero's storyline, and clarifies the plot-composition function of the image of Marya Timofeevna. The novel symbolism of “lameness” excludes the possibility of considering the heroine as an “object of medicine” (L. I. Saraskin). The value of anachronism, which creates the originality of the novel's completion, is analyzed. The significance of semantic comparison of the story lines of Stepan Trofimovich and Nikolai Vsevolodovich is considered. The relationship between Stepan Trofimovich's Epiphany episode and the epigraph for expressing the idea of the novel is analyzed. When studying this problem, the preparatory materials of the work were involved. It is proved that in the novel “Demons” F. M. Dostoevsky showed the futility of criminal delusions and a difficult but necessary way to overcome them, and also expressed hope for the healing of Russia from these dangerous delusions.
“The Heterotopia of Estate” in the Novel by Z. N. Gippius “Roman-Tsarevich” (1913)
Authors: Bogdanova Olga A.
Published: March 2020

The article studies the space-semiotic organization of one of the central symbolist novels of the Silver age, associated with the “estate topos” in Russian literature. Most of the action in the “Roman-Prince” by Z. N. Gippius takes place in the 1910s on the territory of country estates in different parts of Russia, as well as in the Western European castle near the Pyrenees, where Russian revolutionaries live. The duality of the Russian revolution manifested as late as in Decembrist movement (the “autocratic” dictatorship of P. I. Pestel and the Christian democratism of S. I. Muravyov-Apostol) echoed in Gippius’s novel in the form of the opposition between Roman Smentsev and Mikhail Rzhevsky, along with his supporters Florenty and Litta. Gippius’s discovery consists in the fact that she found in the field of “estate topos” a meaning that goes back to the activities of the Decembrists-noble revolutionaries of the first quarter of the 19th century, often large landowners. The “Estate topos” appears in the “Roman-Prince” as the topos of the Russian religious revolution in a number of local variations. The ideological and artistic circulation between its three loci unites the Western European castle, reminiscent of the educationist roots of the Russian “estate culture” with its ideal of a free personality, a noble estate of the Golden age, which brings Russia’s first apostles of religious revolution, and eclectic intelligent-landowner estate of the Silver age, the inhabitants of shich are under the evil power of the Antichrist of the revolution, genetically ascending to Stavrogin of the novel “Demons” by F. M. Dostoevsky. At the same time, they maintain the ability to break the fatal circle outlined by Smentsev thanks to the heterotopic connection with the other two estate projections presented in the novel. So, the scientific novelty of the article is that: here, in the material of the Gippius’s novel is identified and discussed an important modification of the “estate topos” in the literature of Russian symbolism — a landowner’s rural estate as a topos of the religious revolution, and for understanding of its structure a new category — “heterotopia of the estate” — is used.
Mini Subcritical Nuclear Reactor
Authors: Hector Rene Vega-Carrillo  , V. P. Singh  , Claudia Rafela Escobedo-Galván  , Diego Medina Castro  , Arturo Agustin Ortiz Hernandez  , Teodoro Rivera-Montalvo  , Segundo Agustín Martínez-Ovalle
Published: March 2020

A mini subcritical nuclear reactor was designed using Monte Carlo methods. The reactor has light water as moderator, natural uranium as fuel, and a 239PuBe neutron source. In the design uranium fuel was modeled in an arrangement of concentric rings: 8.5, 14.5, 20.5 26.5, 32.5 cm-inner radius, 3 cm-thick, and 36 cm-high. Different models were made from a single ring of natural uranium to five rings. For each case, the neutron spectra, the neutron fluence distribution, the effective multiplication factor, the amplification factor, and the reactor power were estimated. The ambient dose equivalent rate outside the mini reactor was also estimated. The maximum value for the keff (0.78) was obtained when five rings of fuel were used; this value is close to 0.86 which belongs to a Nuclear Chicago subcritical reactor which requires almost twice the amount of uranium than the mini subcritical reactor.
Infection status and molecular identification of digenean cercariae in snails in Kim Son district, Ninh Binh Province and Ba Vi district, Ha Noi
Authors: Doanh Pham Ngoc , Hien Hoang Van , Dung Bui Thi , Loan Ho Thi
Published: March 2020

In this study, the molecular method was used to identify digenean cercariae from freshwater snails in Kim Son District (Ninh Binh Province) and Ba Vi District Ha Noi. A total of 9 snail species were collected and examined for cercarial infection. Three snail species (Radix swinhoei, Angulyagra polyzonata and Pomacea canaliculata) were not infected, while the other 6 species (Austropeplea viridis, Gyraulus convexiusculus, Parafossarulus striatulus, Bithynia fuchsiana, Melanoides tuberculata and Tarebia granifera) were infected with digenean cercariae at low infection rates, ranging from 2.3% to 6.3%. Seven cercarial groups were identified: Echinostome, Monostome, Parapleurophocercaria, Xiphidiocercaria, Fucocercaria, Gymnocephalous and Megalurous. Snails M. tuberculata and P. striatulus were infected with 4 cercarial groups, A. viridis and G. convexiusculus snails were infected with 2 groups, 2 snail species B. fuchsiana and T. granifera were infected with one group of cercaria. The results of ITS2 sequences analyses of the cercarial groups identified the larvae of 9 trematode species, namely Echinostoma revolutum, Echinochasmus japonicus, Notocotylus intestinalis, Philophthalmus gralli, Haplorchis pumilio, Procerovum cheni, Fasciola gigantica, Australapatemon burti and Cyathocotyle prussica. Among them the last three species, P. cheni, A. burti and C. prussica, were found for the first time in Vietnam. In addition, the ITS-2 sequence of Gymnocephalous cercariae which was previously identified as Sphaeridiotrema monorchis, from P. striatulus snail was 97% similar to that of Sphaeridiotrema pseudoglobulus. Likewise, ITS-2 sequence of Echinostome cercaria from B. fuchsiana snail was 93% similar to that of E. japonicus and that of Xiphidiocercaria cercaria from M. tuberculata snail was 93% similar to Lecithodendrium spathulatum.
Risk Assessment of Innovative Projects Implementation in Enterprises Using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Kachalov Roman , Sleptsova Yulia , Shokin Yan
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this paper is to shed new light on the issue of risk assessment in implementing innovative projects. Based on the ideas of George Kleiner and artificial neural network tools, this paper interprets the possibility of completing successful innovation projects in terms of risk management. The argument is buttressed with a case study of a set of Russian enterprises implementing innovative projects. Successful completion of an innovation project depends on a number of risk factors identified at the project start. The identified set of risk factors should include both innovative risk factors and non-innovative risk factors. This fact was established during the cluster analysis of the available data. The paper excludes from consideration the anti-risk management impact and does not take into account the weights of various risk factors in the problem formalization. The practical application of the results of the study is decision makers’ quest to strike a visual interpretation of the final data with a small number of possible scenarios that differ significantly from each other. This research contributes significantly to the literature on the risk assessment model of innovative projects. The failure of managers to balance the assessment of innovative risk factors and non- innovative risk factors is exposed as the root cause of the unsuccessful completion of innovative projects.
On the Relationship of Self-Sufficiency and Competitiveness of Economy in the Context of Social and Economic Development of Russia
Authors: Cikin Aleksej
Published: March 2020

The aim of the article is to determine the concept of the socio-economic development of Russia on the basis of self-sufficiency and competitiveness, including resolving the antinomy of self-sufficiency and openness of the national economic system. As a methodological apparatus, the basic laws of dialectics are selected: the transition of quantitative changes to qualitative ones, the negation of negation, as well as the unity and struggle of opposites – in relation to Russian economy. As a result of the studies, it was found that the basis of the socioeconomic development of Russia in modern conditions is increasing the level of economic security, which can be defined as the sum of self-sufficiency and competitiveness of economy. The resolution of the antinomy of selfsufficiency and openness of the national economy in this case lies in the area of forming a strategy of controlled openness, which assumes the existence of the national economic system in the form of “soft autarky” based mainly on endogenous development factors, own resources and the domestic market. The fulfillment of these tasks is of particular importance in the context of modern geopolitical factors for the sectors of economy that are directly related to ensuring the country’s defense capability and, in particular, the military-industrial complex. The results of the work can be used in the formation of state competitiveness management programs both at the federal level and in individual industries and regions.
Defining Risk and the Use of Risk Assessments by Learning Specialists within NCAA Academic Units
Authors: Birch Lauren , Steinberg Mary Anne , Walther Cheryl , Catanach Kellie A. , Herbst Maria , Perez Jacqueline C.
Published: March 2020

The National Collegiate Athletic Association NCAA (2009) defines the term “risk” as a “student-athlete’s likelihood of graduation”. The ability of athletic departments and athletic academic professionals to identify which of their student-athletes might be considered at risk is less straightforward. While many departments use their own tools to assess risk, there has been little research on the subject. This exploratory study sought to generate a collective understanding of how athletic academic units across the country define the term “at-risk” and assess which of their student-athletes are at-risk in order to begin creating a framework for use across the industry. A survey was completed by 43 member of the National Association of Academic and Student-Athlete Development Professionals (N4A) who serve in learning specialist roles, within athletic academic units. The results showed that academic units, across NCAA institutions, do not have one clear definition of risk, but rather the definition falls into four distinct categories. The study also found that there are three initial risk assessments used most frequently to determine student-athletes’ risk upon arrival at the institution, while the continued risk assessments fall into six distinct categories of assessments. As this is an exploratory study, the researchers acknowledge that we are only scratching the surface in regards to the breadth` and depth of assessment usage to determine risk of student-athletes at NCAA institutions. Therefore, the implications for future research are discussed.

 

 

Keywords: Risk, assessment, initial assessment, continued assessment
Investigating the Academic Motivations of NCAA Gymnasts In and Out of Season
Authors: Paule-Koba Amanda , Dunn Maggie
Published: March 2020

As National Collegiate Athletic Association athlete exploitation has become a growing concern (Grasgreen, 2011), it has become increasingly more important to examine the nature of how athletes are spending their time. The purpose of this study was to examine whether motivations change when Division I athletes are in season compared to out of season. A survey was distributed to Division I women’s gymnastics teams from the Mid-American Conference (MAC). Results were assessed based on the factors of academic motivation and their differences during the varying times of the academic year.In this study, individuals from five MAC schools participated. It was concluded that, while academic motivations in season and out of season differed, there was not one season that was more academically demanding than the other. Participants reported feeling busier when in season, although being busy was not found to concretely impact their academics in negative ways. Participants were found to be motivated year-round by their own high expectations and wanting to decrease stress but were more motivated when in season to get ahead on academics to avoid having to focus on academics while traveling to away competitions.
Belousov A. V. Ancient Greek and Roman Religions of the New Testament Epoch. Educational and methodical manual for the course "Religious environment of Early Christianity". (Writings of the Historical Faculty of Moscow State University, vol. 165. Series II: Historical Research. 104). Moscow, 2019. 152 p. ISBN: 978-5-19-011465-2
Authors: Buzykina Irina N.
Published: March 2020

.
Reviewing the sacred object. Vassiliy Barskiy as the first Russian researcher of the Christian East
Authors: Buzykina Yulia N.
Published: March 2020

The article deals with the origins of the Russian Christian Archaeology namely with pilgrim notes of Vassiliy Barskiy. The author is reviewing Barskiy’s text as one of the first scientific descriptions of the sacred places, wonder-­working icons and holy places. His descriptions of sacred objects are structured, they include illustrations, information from written and verbal sources as well as critics of these sources. He makes conclusions about relevance of information and relics themselves. Based on this, the author believes Vassiliy Barskiy schould be recognized not only one of the sources of Russian scientific tradition, but the first Christian archaeologist.
Morphological Variation in the Vriesea procera complex (Bromeliaceae, Tillandsioideae) in the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest, with Recognition of New Taxa
Authors: Uribbe Fernando Pérez , Neves Beatriz , Almeida Jacques Suara Souza , Ferreira da Costa Andrea
Published: March 2020

Abstract—The family Bromeliaceae is essentially Neotropical, with high endemism and diversity in the Atlantic Rainforest Domain. Species circumscription is a major problem in the family systematics, especially in the most diverse genera. Species of the Vriesea procera
complex, which occur in forests and restinga (coastal vegetation) along the South American Atlantic coast from Venezuela to southern Brazil, share the same basic vegetative and reproductive morphological patterns. However, they vary widely in the number and position of inflorescence branches
as well as in the dimensions, position, and shape of the leaves and flowers in different populations. Here we aimed 1) to evaluate the morphological variation in the V. procera complex, through morphometric analyses of natural populations along the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest; and
2) to determine the taxonomic relationships among these species, establishing the validity and the limits of variation of the taxa through taxonomic treatment. Fourteen natural populations, 271 individuals, and 36 morphometric variables were analyzed. Kruskal-Wallis tests and discriminant
analyses were conducted to test statistical differences between previously established groups. Of an original three species and three varieties, our data allowed us to recognize six species, including three new taxa (Vriesea aureoramosa, V. magna, V. rubroviridis)
and one new name and status (V. flexuosa). The resulting taxa are distinguished by the inflorescence and leaf sizes and especially by floral characteristics such as the length of bracts, sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils, besides the petal apex posture and relative position
of the stamen during anthesis. Recognition of cryptic species under the names V. procera and V. neoglutinosa is an important step toward a better understanding of the biodiversity of the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest.
Studies in the Neotropical Apocynaceae LV: A New Mandevilla from Bahia, Brazil, with Notes on the Diversity of the Genus
Authors: Morales J. Francisco , Lucia de Morais Isa
Published: March 2020

Abstract—Mandevilla athenastigma, endemic to inselbergs around Milagres in Bahia, Brazil is described. It resembles M. sancta (Stadelm.) Woodson, but is distinguished by its smaller corolla tube, larger anthers, and puberulent seeds. An illustration,
color plates, a distribution map for the new species are included, and a key to the species of Mandevilla growing on inselbergs in northeastern Brazil is provided. A brief overview of the diversity of Mandevilla is given.
Media and Cultural Hybridity in the Digital Humanities
Authors: Ortega Élika
Published: March 2020

In this Essay, I Propose Taking Media-Cultural Hybridity as a Framework for Theorizing the Many Praxes of the Digital Humanities. Media-cultural hybridity, characterized by systemic media changes that have fostered cross-cultural exchanges, can usefully frame the varieties of DH and their concomitant global-cultural implications. Most DH practitioners will agree that media changes have already altered aspects of our reflections about, and everyday work in, the humanities; the field has examined the effects of these changes frequently and in depth in the last decade. But if, as I suggest in the following paragraphs, systemic media changes are accompanied by parallel systemic cultural changes, then DH could surpass the rhetoric of collaboration and make way not just for trans- or interdisciplinarity but also, crucially, for cross-cultural practices. In these pages I can only begin to sketch this framework, which itself is just one part of a larger investigation, but the questions I raise here will, I hope, be intriguing enough to spark further discussion. Now that DH has carved some niches, big and small, in academies around the world, highlighted the importance of local academic and cultural specificities, and established a praxis that negotiates the print and digital cultural records, is it possible to work toward topological understandings of the various emergences of the field? That is, can we develop understandings not just of the many local and disciplinary DH praxes but also of the encounters between them as indicators of the continuities and ruptures in the field? And, ultimately, can those understandings force us to rethink our epistemology so that it incorporates the cross-cultural exchanges at play?
Slow Metadata
Authors: Buurma Rachel Sagner , Shaw Jon
Published: March 2020

The Bibliographic Records in Libraries' Searchable Online Public Access Catalogs (Opac) Have Recently Taken on a New Role as a source of bibliographic data that can be aggregated, shared, circulated, manipulated, transformed, studied, and interpreted. Scholars' new awareness of library catalogs not just as aids to locating books and other materials but as sources of bibliographic information that researchers can manipulate and transform has inspired new scholarship on the history of the catalog and a new focus on how the catalog, in both its analog and digital forms, shapes bibliographic knowledge. Our Early Novels Dataset (END) project, for example, uses methods from book history, library science, and literary studies to think about the shape and history of the bibliographic metadata in the library catalog. Our research group's collective experiments with bibliographic metadata ask what happens when we look at the library catalog record not just as a utilitarian aid for searching or as an object of critique, but also as a work in progress with a literary character of its own. We ask what we can learn from the shape given to bibliographic information by the earlier catalogers whose records our project inherited and on whose expertise we draw. We also ask how the familiar languages of the library catalog record and the controlled bibliographic description might help make new forms of knowledge about books. And we press on the inevitable and generative tension between the particular perspective of the library catalogers who transform specific copies of physical books into bibliographic data and the informational fields dictated by machine-readable cataloging (MARC) descriptive standards.
Texturing the Digital Humanities: A Manifesto
Authors: Altschuler Sari , Weimer David
Published: March 2020

The digital humanities is today overwhelmingly visual. Even as DH has increased access to the humanities at an astonishing rate, it has also inadvertently narrowed our sensory access to information. It is time to add new dimensions to a field structured predominately by the flat screen. Emphasizing touch, we call for a textured digital that challenges the logic governing many notions of access—that is, the unproblematic translatability of information between the senses. As an epistemological intervention, texturing DH promises new ways to approach sensorial history and to engage diverse sensory abilities and experiences—past, present, and future. As an ethical intervention, it emphasizes our responsibility to evaluate carefully the structures of digital accessibility and to increase access for all. (SA and DW)
KEYNOTE-032: A Randomized Phase I Study of Pembrolizumab in Chinese Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Ma Yuxiang , Fang Wenfeng , Zhang Yang , Yang Yunpeng , Hong Shaodong , Zhao Yuanyuan , Xie Shuang , Ge Jun , Zhou HaoJin , Zhao Hongyun , Zhang Li
Published: March 2020

Trial Information

Click here to access other published clinical trials.

Lessons Learned

Results of the KEYNOTE-032 study showed that the safety and pharmacokinetic profiles of pembrolizumab in Chinese patients were comparable with those observed in international studies, and antitumor activity was encouraging. These data support further evaluation of pembrolizumab to improve clinical outcomes in Chinese patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Background

The KEYNOTE-032 study evaluated pembrolizumab pharmacokinetics and clinical outcomes in Chinese patients with locally advanced and/or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and prior treatment failure and/or ineligibility for standard therapy.

Methods

Patients were randomized 1:1:1 to pembrolizumab 2 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, or 200 mg every 3 weeks (up to 35 cycles). Safety and pharmacokinetics were primary endpoints; antitumor activity was a secondary endpoint.

Results

A total of 42 of 44 randomized patients received pembrolizumab treatment (2 mg/kg, n = 14; 10 mg/kg, n = 13; 200 mg, n = 15). Treatment-related adverse events (AEs) occurred in 29 of 42 (69%) patients (grade 3–4, 4/42 [10%]); 5 (12%) had immune-mediated AEs and infusion reactions. Pembrolizumab single dose half-life following 2 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, and 200 mg was 15.1, 15.8, and 12.3 days, respectively. Serum exposure at the doses studied (range, 2–10 mg/kg) was approximately linear; steady-state area under the curve0–21 days (95% confidence interval [CI]) was 730.9 (627.4–851.6), 2,819.2 (2,009.4–3,955.4), and 931.0 (724.4–1,196.6) μg•day/mL, respectively. After 7.9 (range, 0.7–13.1) months median follow-up overall, objective response rate was 14.3% (95% CI, 5.4%–28.5%); median progression-free survival was 2.1 (95% CI, 2.1–4.2) months, and median overall survival was not reached (95% CI, 6.6 months–not reached).

Conclusion

Pembrolizumab had manageable toxicity, linear serum exposure, and encouraging antitumor activity in Chinese patients with advanced NSCLC.
Accounting and Tax Accounting of Fixed Assets, Intangible Assets and Depreciation for Development and Improvement of Approaches to Assessment of the Company's Assets
Authors: Odakhovskaya Dalyan , Pechennikova Galina
Published: March 2020

The article describes the method of accounting of fixed and intangible assets, as well as depreciation charges, in comparison of its different types, in particular accounting and tax accounting when receiving and forming the initial value of non-current assets, in their evaluation, flow and depreciation. The implementation of the described methods will give specialists an opportunity to streamline accounting and to eliminate the unnecessary and artificial discrepancy between accounting and tax accounting. All the data will be transparent and the cost and tax systems will function in compliance with common principles of accounting. Thus, the rules for accounting and tax accounting policies will become uniform. At the same time there will be no need to generate a far-fetched «taxable» profit, detached from the real economic base — accounting profit. It will be possible to tax real accounting profit generated on the accounts. The proposed methods of fixed and intangible assets accounting will reduce the cost of collecting information, it will also give an opportunity to evaluate the real state of non-current assets. The article provides recommendations on the approximation and improvement of accounting and tax accounting of fixed assets, intangible assets and depreciation.
The Role of University in Students Employment Issues
Authors: Volchenko Lyubov , Malyutina Svetlana
Published: March 2020

Employment of graduates from higher educational institutions depends on many factors, but primarily, on the person. The graduates’ career will depend on their competitiveness on the labor market and their ability to learn. The willingness to get a job and to be financially independent makes a lot of students start working during their studies at university. Very often their jobs are not connected with their major. The authors carried out a poll among senior students concerning their employment and the role of University in it to identify significance of their jobs and employment problems after graduation from university for them. The results of the poll are analyzed in the article, the main directions of University assistance in finding a job, in the respondents’ opinion, are specified.
A Universal Interrelation of Time and Space in the Contents of the Criminal Punishment of Imprisonment
Authors: Egorova Tatyana
Published: March 2020

The author analyzes theoretical concepts, legislative prescriptions and the practice of their enforcement to define the space-time characteristics of the deprivation of liberty as a type of criminal punishment. Using the historical experience, the author describes the ways in which a criminal could be isolated from the society in the conditionally unlimited time and space of exile. From the historical position, the
author stresses a wide use of expulsion in ancient Russia. Deprivation of liberty in modern society is studied from the position of the most common type of punishment that is characterized by a sufficient potential of coercion, deprivation and limitation of rights and liberties to achieve the goals of punishment and ensure its effectiveness. The
author states the transitional character of punishment in the form of the deprivation of liberty in Russia, the necessity of further improvement of this institution, of widening its legislative regulation as a measure of coercion that limits the basic constitutional rights of a person. It is noted that physical isolation in a penitentiary institution for a certain period of time holds a special place among the characteristics of this type of punishment. The author also draws attention to the desciption of the criminal law influence on convicts in this type of punishment that concerns the most important and valuable private interests. It is assumed that these conditions maximize the psychological impact on the convict. The key prerequisites of penitentiary deprivation of liberty as well as the possibilities of differentiating the place of serving the punishment and its length are examined. Using the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights and the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, the author shows that this type of punishment contains the features of some other measures of state coercion. The author also presents examples of political and legal grounds for using the deprivation of liberty and for changing the conditions of serving the sentence in the cases specified by law. The article contains the results of researching the issues of deprivation of convicts serving sentences in penitentiary institutions, which is an unavoidable consequence of suffering caused by the deprivation of some rights and liberties. The study of punishment in the form of deprivation of liberty is accompanied by the analysis of opportunities for improving positive motivation and social mobility of convicts in the conditions of isolation.
A “scattered” SCAT in a football goalkeeper: a case report
Authors: Bosch Saskia , Viviers Pierre , Derman Wayne , De Villiers Richard
Published: March 2020

Background: In an acute field-side setting, it is often challenging to differentiate benign sports-related concussion (SRC) from potential, more sinister, intracranial pathology. Moreover, recovery in the ensuing days and weeks is often complex as the resolution of classical signs and symptoms does not always follow a standard pattern.

Aim: To highlight the value of a structured and repeated thorough clinical assessment approach toward SRC, particularly as atypical and unexpected sequences in patient recovery patterns may require further specialist referral and intervention.

Findings: A football goalkeeper sustained a concussion in which symptoms failed to resolve as expected. Deterioration in his clinical condition led to an eventual diagnosis of Chiari malformation (type I), which required surgical intervention.Implications: Non-typical recovery patterns of concussion may be indicative of increased severity when considered retrospectively. However, clinicians should not discount the possibility of underlying conditions.

Keywords: concussion, soccer, sports-related head injury
Оценка численности микроорганизмов в воздухе общественного транспорта Москвы в зимний период
Authors: Тихонов Владимир Владимирович , Николаева Ольга Вячеславовна , Пильгун Полина Анатольевна
Published: March 2020

Цель исследования — оценить содержание микроорганизмов в воздушной среде общественного транспорта Москвы в зимний период и выявить факторы, влияющие на их количественный и групповой состав. Работа осуществлялась седиментационным методом, основанном на осаждении взвешенных в воздухе частиц на агаризованные питательные среды. Выделяли следующие группы микроорганизмов: 1) сапротрофные бактерии; 2) условно-патогенные бактерии; 3) мицелиальные грибы. Исследования проводились на четырех линиях метрополитена и четырех автобусных маршрутах с отбором проб в вагонах поездов, автобусах, на платформах метрополитена и автобусных остановках. Количество микроорганизмов в воздухе автобусов (2463 ± 1041 КОЕ м-3) в 2 раза превышало их содержание в воздухе вагонов метро (1230 ± 581 КОЕ м-3). Воздух на остановках (10328 ± 5704 КОЕ м-3) и платформах (3882 ± 1859 КОЕ м-3) содержал большее количество микроорганизмов. В групповом составе микроорганизмов в транспорте доминировали сапротрофные бактерии, значительно меньшее количество составили условно-патогенные и наименьшее — споры грибов. В соответствии с «Санитарными правилами эксплуатации метрополитенов» Российской Федерации, общее количество микроорганизмов в воздухе вагонов, на платформах и внутри автотранспорта находилось в пределах нормы. Значительное превышение данного норматива установлено для воздушной среды на остановках автотранспорта, для которых пока нет стандарта. В соответствии с нормативами ЕС определены следующие уровни загрязнения на основе численности бактерий/грибов: средний/низкий — внутри автобусов и вагонов метро, высокий/низкий на платформах метрополитена, высокий/высокий — на автобусных остановках. Показано, что доминирующим фактором, определяющим численность микроорганизмов в транспорте, является количество микроорганизмов в воздухе окружающей среды. Существенных взаимосвязей с температурой воздуха, длительностью маршрута и количеством людей в транспорте не обнаружено.Статья актуальна для специалистов в области урбанистики, так как отражает существующие связи между особенностями организации городского пространства и количеством микроорганизмов в воздухе. Такие меры как закрепление открытых почв и грунтов травянистым покровом и озеленение города, грамотное создание газонов с защитой от несанкционированной парковки транспортных средств и их вытаптывания людьми, минимизация неэффективной инженерной деятельности в городе будут способствовать снижению уровня пыли и микробиологического загрязнения городского воздуха.
Metagenomic of microbial diversity of guts of fully fed tropical bed bugs, Cimex hemipterus (F.) (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) v1
Authors: Hafiz Ab Majid Abdul , Lim Li
Published: March 2020

The microbial DNA was extracted from guts of fully fed Cimex hemipterus using HiYield™ Genomic DNA isolation kit. 16S v3-v4 amplicon metagenomics sequencing was run on the Illumina MiSeq platform according to the standard protocol. The generated sequences were analysed using QIIME (version 1.9.1) pipeline. Sequences with low quality of which the average quality score <20 were trimmed with Trimmomatic software. Trimmed sequences with lengths shorter than 50 bp were discarded. Paired-end sequences were merged using FLASH (Fast Length Adjustment of Short reads) based on overlapped relationship. Sequences that overlap longer than 10 bps were assembled while not assembled sequences were discarded. The merged sequences were used for Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTU) clustering with 97% similarity cut-off using UPARSE software. UCHIME software was used to detect chimeric sequences. Chimeric sequences were removed from the analyses. The taxonomy of the 16S rRNA gene sequences were analyzed using RDP Classifier against the SILVA 16S rRNA database with confidence threshold of 0.7. The sequence coverage was evaluated by rarefaction analysis using mothur and R softwares.