bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Domain fusion TLR2-4 enhances the autophagy-dependent clearance of Staphylococcus aureus in the genetic engineering goat
Authors: Wang Mengyao , Qi Yu , Cao Yutao , Zhang Xiaosheng , Wang Yongsheng , Liu Qingyou , Zhang Jinlong , Zhou Guangbin , Ai Yue , Wei Shao , Wang Linli , Liu Guoshi , Lian Zhengxing , Han Hongbing
Published: June 2022

Staphylococcus aureus infections pose a potential threat to livestock production and public health. A novel strategy is needed to control S. aureus infections due to its adaptive evolution to antibiotics. Autophagy plays a key role in degrading bacteria for innate immune cells. In order to promote S. aureus clearance via Toll-like receptor (TLR)-induced autophagy pathway, the domain fusion TLR2-4 with the extracellular domain of TLR2, specific recognizing S. aureus, and transmembrane and intracellular domains of TLR4 is assembled, then the goat expressing TLR2-4 is generated. TLR2-4 substantially augments the removal of S. aureus within macrophages by elevating autophagy level. Phosphorylated JNK and ERK1/2 promote LC3-puncta in TLR2-4 macrophages during S. aureus-induced autophagy via MyD88 mediated the TAK1 signaling cascade. Meantime, the TRIF-dependent TBK1-TFEB-OPTN signaling is involved in TLR2-4-triggered autophagy after S. aureus challenge. Moreover, the transcript of ATG5 and ATG12 is significantly increased via cAMP-PKA-NF-κB signaling, which facilitates S. aureus-induced autophagy in TLR2-4 macrophages. Overall, the novel receptor TLR2-4 enhances the autophagy-dependent clearance of S. aureus in macrophages via TAK1/TBK1-JNK/ERK, TBK1-TFEB-OPTN, and cAMP-PKA-NF-κB-ATGs signaling pathways, which provide an alternative approach for resistant against S. aureus infection.
Gill developmental program in the teleost mandibular arch
Authors: Thiruppathy Mathi , Fabian Peter , Gillis J Andrew , Crump J Gage
Published: June 2022

Whereas no known living vertebrate possesses gills derived from the jaw-forming mandibular arch, it has been proposed that the jaw arose through modifications of an ancestral mandibular gill. Here, we show that the zebrafish pseudobranch, which regulates blood pressure in the eye, develops from mandibular arch mesenchyme and first pouch epithelia and shares gene expression, enhancer utilization, and developmental gata3 dependence with the gills. Combined with work in chondrichthyans, our findings in a teleost fish point to the presence of a mandibular pseudobranch with serial homology to gills in the last common ancestor of jawed vertebrates, consistent with a gill origin of vertebrate jaws.
Public awareness of seafood mislabeling
Authors: Ryburn Savannah J. , Ballantine Wilker M. , Loncan Florencia M. , Manning Olivia G. , Alston Meggan A. , Steinwand Blaire , Bruno John F.
Published: June 2022

A substantial portion of seafood is mislabeled, causing significant impacts to human health, the environment, the economy, and society. Despite the large scientific literature documenting seafood mislabeling the public’s awareness of seafood mislabeling is unknown. We conducted an online survey to assess the public’s awareness and perceptions of seafood mislabeling. Of the 1,216 respondents, 38% had never heard of seafood mislabeling and 49% were only ‘vaguely familiar’ with it. After being provided the definition of seafood mislabeling 95% had some degree of concern. Respondents were the most concerned about environmental impacts caused by seafood mislabeling and the least concerned about the social justice implications. Respondents who were also more concerned and familiar with seafood mislabeling stated that they would be more likely to purchase seafood from a vendor where the labeling was independently verified.
Del Afrontamiento Colectivo al Crecimiento Postraumático Comunitario: Análisis Mediacional del Empoderamiento ante un Desastre Climatológico
Authors:   Universidad del Bío Bío (Chile), Sandoval-Díaz José , Cuadra Martínez David ,   Universidad de Atacama (Chile), Pérez-Zapata Daniel ,   University of Birmingham (Reino Unid
Published: June 2022

El incremento de eventos extremos a causa del cambio climático ha conllevado la necesidad de fortalecer las capacidades de afrontamiento y empoderamiento de las comunidades expuestas-susceptibles a estos riesgos. El objetivo del presente estudio fue esclarecer la relación entre las estrategias colectivas de afrontamiento activo y el crecimiento postraumático comunitario, considerando como posible mediador el empoderamiento. Por medio de un muestreo intencionado no probabilístico se encuestó a 324 hogares afectados por un desastre climatológico en Copiapó, Chile, a los cuales se midió en capacidades de afrontamiento, empoderamiento, percepción de impacto al evento y reevaluación de cambios positivos. Para el análisis de datos, se utilizó estadísticas descriptivas, correlación de Pearson, regresión lineal múltiple y análisis de mediación simple. Los resultados indican que las capacidades activas de afrontamiento correlacionaron directamente con el crecimiento postraumático y que esta relación estuvo mediada parcialmente, de acuerdo con un modelo de análisis de rutas con bootstrapping, por el empoderamiento. La investigación contribuye a la profundización de las capacidades adaptativas de afrontamiento, sugiriendo que estos eventos pueden conllevar oportunidades de desarrollo y bienestar bajo contextos empoderadores. También propone la necesidad de operacionalizar y complejizar los modelos existentes de resiliencia comunitaria ante desastres socionaturales.
Influence of Pore Fluid Chemistry on Electrical Force-Dominated Fabrics of Fine-Grained Soils: Implications in Submerged Sediments
Authors: Jang Junbong
Published: June 2022

Structures to mitigate the climate change such as offshore wind farms and geological CO2 sequestration would be located on coastal regions and offshores. Understanding of fine-grained soil fabrics in submerged conditions can help evaluate the safety of coastal underground constructions such as submarine excavation and slope stability. Fall cone tests for the liquid limit, grain-settling-based sedimentation tests, and ball penetration tests were conducted to investigate soil fabrics in different pore fluids with changes in ionic concentration and permittivity. Based on particle morphology and mineralogy, fine-grained soils were influenced by pore fluid chemistry. Fall cone tests showed the influence of pore fluid chemistry on uniformly mixed soil samples. Fine-grained soils that contained clay minerals such as kaolinite and bentonite showed significant liquid limit changes. Sedimentation tests and ball penetration tests induced fabrics with particle segregation and identified the type of fine-grained soils that could form gravitational force-dominated fabric or electrical force-dominated fabric during natural sedimentation process in submerged conditions.
Evaluation of the Slope Stability of Pile-Supported Wharves Using the Centrifuge Model Test and Limit Equilibrium Analysis
Authors: Lee Chanwoo , Ahn Namkyu , Choi Byunghoon , Yun Jungwon
Published: June 2022

During earthquake, liquefaction can cause slope failure that can significantly affect the behavior of the structure. Therefore, the slope stability must be appropriately evaluated considering the liquefaction. This study evaluated the slope stability according to the increase in the excess pore water pressure (ru) using the centrifuge model experiment and limit equilibrium analysis, and investigated the stabilizing effect of piles against sliding during earthquake. The results indicated that the increase in ru directly affected the reduction in the safety factor in the saturated sand model, and the decrease rate of the safety factor mainly depended on the ru than whether or not piles are installed. Therefore, the analysis must be performed considering the ru in evaluating the slope stability where liquefaction occurs.
Review on Characteristics and Applicability of Digital Filter Baseflow Separation Methods
Authors: Kang Taeuk , Lee Namjoo
Published: June 2022

Baseflow separation method based on the digital filter is a technique for separating the baseflow from the total streamflow, and appropriate estimation of the filter parameter is required for analysis. In this study, we reviewed the analysis characteristics of the four baseflow separation methods (Lyne-Hollick, Chapman, Eckhardt, and EWMA (exponentially weighted moving average)) based on the digital filter according to the change in the filter parameter and evaluated their applicability. Each digital filter method was applied to Daeri and Cheonsong stage stations, which have measurement records for five consecutive years for tributaries located of the Nakdonggang River in the Republic of Korea. The Chapman method had an error in the baseflow separation during the dry season. The EWMA method was not appropriately analyzed within the parameter range used in previous studies. The Lyne-Hollick and Eckhardt methods provided appropriate results within the exploring range of the filter parameter. However, in the Eckhardt method, we had to be careful in determining the filter parameter because the variation in analysis results was relatively large according to the parameter change.
Creating a false alibi leads to errors of commission and omission
Authors: Riesthuis Paul , Otgaar Henry , De Cort Anne , Bogaard Glynis , Mangiulli Ivan
Published: June 2022

A suspect of a crime can avoid legal repercussions by creating a false alibi. We examined whether creating such a false alibi can have adverse effects on memory. To do so, participants watched a mock crime video and were either instructed to create a false alibi or to provide an honest account for what they actually saw in the video. After a 2‐day and 1‐month delay, all participants were instructed to come forward with the truth using a free recall task. Participants who initially created a false alibi had more commission errors after a 2‐day and 1‐month delay (vs. truth telling participants). Moreover, participants who created a false alibi reported fewer correct details after a 2‐day and 1‐month delay (vs. truth telling participants). Our study suggests that like other types of deception, creating a false alibi can elicit memory undermining effects in the form of commission and omission errors.
Synthesis and Properties of Bismuth Selenide Based Nanolaminates for Application in Thermoelectrics
Authors: Andzane Jana , Felsharuk Andrei , Buks Krisjanis , Sarakovskis Anatolijs , Niherysh Kiryl , Gabrusenoks Jevgenijs , Erts Donats
Published: June 2022

In this work, simple and cost‐effective phyiscal vapor deposition method is applied for deposition of single Bi2Se3, Bi1.925Sn0.075Se3, Bi2Se2.975Te0.025 ultrathin films of average thickness 10–12 nm, and for the fabrication of n‐type 5‐layer nanolaminates. The nanolaminates are composed from alternating doped and undoped ultrathin films. Electrical and thermoelectric properties (Seebeck coefficient, resistivity, electron thermal conductivity, charge carrier concentration, and mobility) of nanolaminates as well as single ultrathin undoped and doped films are studied at room temperature under ambient conditions. Both types of nanolaminates show 75–125% increase of the Seebeck coefficient accompanied by the 65–85% reduction of the electron thermal conductivity in comparison with the nanostructured bulk materials of similar chemical compositions. The mechanisms underlying such improvement of properties of studied nanolaminates in comparison with the nanostructured bulk counterparts are discussed.
Red Carbon Thin Film: A Carbon–Oxygen Semiconductor with Tunable Properties by Amine Vapors and Its Carbonization toward Carbon Thin Films
Authors: Giusto Paolo , Cruz Daniel , Rodriguez Yael , Rothe Regina , Tarakina Nadezda V.
Published: June 2022

The requirements for organic semiconductor materials and new methods for their synthesis at low temperature have risen over the last decades, especially due to concerns of sustainability. Herein, the synthesis of a carbon/oxygen molecular semiconductor thin film, which is promptly reactive toward amines, is presented. This allows for tuning the semiconductor properties and application as amine vapor sensors for a scope of analogous amines. The gas‐to‐solid phase reaction causes a significant change of the films’ optical properties, blue‐shifting the absorption and the photoluminescence spectra from the red to the near UV spectral range. The irreversible chemical reaction between the thin film and the amine vapor is also exploited for the preparation of nitrogen‐containing thin carbon films. The herein presented materials and methods will be of interest for gas sensing applications as well as for the development of tunable semiconductors and heteroatom‐doped thin films.
Among‐ and within‐population variation in morphology, rewards, and scent in a hawkmoth‐pollinated plant
Authors: Eisen Katherine E. , Ma Rong , Raguso Robert A.
Published: June 2022

Premise

Floral scent is a complex trait that mediates many plant–insect interactions, but our understanding of how floral scent variation evolves, either independently or in concert with other traits, remains limited. Assessing variation in floral scent at multiple levels of biological organization and comparing patterns of variation in scent to variation in other floral traits can contribute to our understanding of how scent variation evolves in nature.

Methods

We used a greenhouse common garden experiment to investigate variation in floral scent at three scales—within plants, among plants, and among populations—and to determine whether scent, alone or in combination with morphology and rewards, contributes to population differentiation inOenothera cespitosasubsp.marginata. Its range spans most of the biomes in the western United States, such that variation in both the abiotic and biotic environment could contribute to trait variation.

Results

Multiple analytical approaches demonstrated substantial variation among and within populations in compound‐specific and total floral scent measures. Overall, populations were differentiated in morphology and reward traits and in scent. Across populations, coupled patterns of variation in linalool, leucine‐derived compounds, and hypanthium length are consistent with a long‐tongued moth pollination syndrome.

Conclusions

The considerable variation in floral scent detected within populations suggests that, similar to other floral traits, variation in floral scent may have a heritable genetic component. Differences in patterns of population differentiation in floral scent and in morphology and rewards indicate that these traits may be shaped by different selective pressures.
Carbon(sp2)‐carbon(sp3) Bond‐forming Cross‐coupling Reactions Using Sulfur‐Modified Au‐Supported Nickel Nanoparticle Catalyst
Authors: Ohta Ryousuke , Shio Yasunori , Akiyama Toshiki , Yamada Makito , Shimoda Shuhei , Harada Kazuo , Sako Makoto , Hasegawa Jun‐ya , Arisawa Mitsuhiro
Published: June 2022

We report a carbon(sp2)‐carbon(sp3) bond‐forming cross‐coupling reactions by employing a nano‐size nickel catalyst supported on sulfur‐modified gold (SANi). This transformation demonstrates an efficient synthesis of functionalized aryl compounds, including heterocycles. Notably, the reactions proceeded in good yields with significantly low leaching of nickel from SANi. Moreover, SANi could be recycled several times without significant loss of catalytic activity.
Transparent and Colorless Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells Based on Pyrrolopyrrole Cyanine Sensitizers
Authors: Baron Thibaut , Naim Waad , Nikolinakos Ilias , Andrin Baptiste , Pellegrin Yann , Jacquemin Denis , Haacke Stefan , Sauvage Frédéric , Odobel Fabrice
Published: June 2022

The development of transparent solar cells extends the applications of photovoltaics by offering the opportunity to substitute the gigantic surface coverage of windows by solar panels to produce electricity. Herein, we report a new family of NIR‐sensitizers based on pyrrolopyrrole cyanine dyes, particularly efficient for the development of fully transparent and colorless dye‐sensitized solar cells since a record efficiency of 2.5 % was achieved with an average visible transmittance (AVT) of 76 % and a color rending index (CRI) of 93.
Sympathetic innervation of the development, maturity, and aging of the gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Masliukov Petr M. , Emanuilov Andrey I. , Budnik Antonina F.
Published: June 2022

The sympathetic nervous system inhibits gut motility, secretion, and blood flow in the gut microvasculature and can modulate gastrointestinal inflammation. Sympathetic neurons signal via catecholamines, neuropeptides, and gas mediators. In the current review, we summarize the current understanding of the mature sympathetic innervation of the gastrointestinal tract with a focus mainly on the prevertebral sympathetic ganglia as the main output to the gut. We also highlight recent work regarding the developmental processes of sympathetic innervation. The anatomy, neurochemistry, and connections of the sympathetic prevertebral ganglia with different parts of the gut are considered in adult organisms during prenatal and postnatal development and aging. The processes and mechanisms that control the development of sympathetic neurons, including their migratory pathways, neuronal differentiation, and aging, are reviewed.
The nasopharynx as a window to half a billion years of evolutionary change to the upper respiratory tract
Authors: Pagano Anthony S. , Márquez Samuel
Published: June 2022

The nasopharynx is a region at the nexus of several vital physiological systems, including the nasal cavity, oral cavity, braincase, middle ear, and cervical vertebrae. It has undergone pronounced morphological change over the course of tetrapod, mammalian, and human evolution. However, despite its place in evolutionary history, the nasopharynx has received relatively little attention. This special issue focuses on “the evolution, development, and functional morphology of the nasopharynx and its boundaries.” Topics covered here include evolutionary developmental biology (or evo–devo), nasopharyngeal adaptions in bats, the importance of the nasopharynx and adjacent structures over the course of human evolution, normal development, middle ear morphology, clinical importance, and the study of the nasopharynx throughout history. Contributions to this special issue range among reviews and syntheses, descriptive analyses, phylogenetic analysis, traditional morphometrics, three‐dimensional geometric morphometrics, and computational fluid dynamics. Here, we discuss the central importance of the nasopharynx as can be seen through vertebrate paleontology and comparative morphology. It is via the composite evolutionary history of the nasopharyngeal boundaries that our origins may be better understood, starting with the derivation of the choanae from the median olfactory pit of jawless fish nearly half a billion years ago to the basicranial flexion and facial reduction that distinguishHomo sapiensfrom all other living mammals. Indeed, the nasopharynx must be acknowledged for its importance in the processes of encephalization and acquisition of speech that have become the hallmark of our species.
Imaging Mass Cytometry Reveals Predominant Innate Immune Signature and Endothelial–Immune Cell Interaction in Juvenile Myositis Compared to Lupus Skin
Authors: Turnier Jessica L. , Yee Christine M. , Madison Jacqueline A. , Rizvi Syed M. , Berthier Celine C. , Wen Fei , Kahlenberg J. Michelle
Published: June 2022

Objective

Cutaneous inflammation can signal disease in juvenile dermatomyositis (DM) and childhood‐onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE), but we do not fully understand cellular mechanisms of cutaneous inflammation. In this study, we used imaging mass cytometry to characterize cutaneous inflammatory cell populations and cell–cell interactions in juvenile DM as compared to cSLE.

Methods

We performed imaging mass cytometry analysis on skin biopsy samples from juvenile DM patients (n = 6) and cSLE patients (n = 4). Tissue slides were processed and incubated with metal‐tagged antibodies for CD14, CD15, CD16, CD56, CD68, CD11c, HLA–DR, blood dendritic cell antigen 2, CD20, CD27, CD138, CD4, CD8, E‐cadherin, CD31, pan‐keratin, and type I collagen. Stained tissue was ablated, and raw data were acquired using the Hyperion imaging system. We utilized the Phenograph unsupervised clustering algorithm to determine cell marker expression and permutation test by histoCAT to perform neighborhood analysis.

Results

We identified 14 cell populations in juvenile DM and cSLE skin, including CD14+ and CD68+ macrophages, myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and B cells. Overall, cSLE skin had a higher inflammatory cell infiltrate, with increased CD14+ macrophages, pDCs, and CD8+ T cells and immune cell–immune cell interactions. Juvenile DM skin displayed a stronger innate immune signature, with a higher overall percentage of CD14+ macrophages and prominent endothelial cell–immune cell interaction.

Conclusion

Our findings identify immune cell population differences, including CD14+ macrophages, pDCs, and CD8+ T cells, in juvenile DM skin compared to cSLE skin, and highlight a predominant innate immune signature and endothelial cell–immune cell interaction in juvenile DM, providing insight into candidate cell populations and interactions to better understand disease‐specific pathophysiology.
Mechanism for the Halogenation and Azidation of Lysine Catalyzed by Non‐heme Iron BesD Enzyme
Authors: Li Rui‐Ning , Chen Shi‐Lu
Published: June 2022

Selective halogenation is important in synthetic chemistry. BesD, a new member of the non‐heme Fe(II)/α‐ketoglutarate (αKG)‐dependent halogenase family, can activate the sp3 C−H bond and halogenate lysine, in particular without a carrier protein. Using the density functional calculations, a chlorination mechanism in BesD has been proposed, mainly including the formation of Cl−Fe(IV)=O through the αKG decarboxylation, the isomerization of Cl−Fe(IV)=O, the substrate hydrogen abstraction by Fe(IV)=O, and the rebound of chloro to the substrate carbon radical. The hydrogen abstraction is rate‐limiting. The isomerization of Cl−Fe(IV)=O is essential for the hydrogen abstraction and the chiral selectivity. The BesD‐catalyzed bromination and azidation of lysine adopt the same mechanism as the chlorination. The hardly‐changed overall barriers indicate that the introduced ligands (X) do not affect the reaction rate significantly, implying that the X‐introduced reactions catalyzed by BesD may be extended to other X anions.
Zero‐dimensional Hybrid Antimony Halide with Intrinsic Cyan Light Emission
Authors: Li Dong‐Yang , Cheng Yu , Sun Chuan‐Ju , Xu Zi‐Yan , Sun Yu‐Ming , Wang Yu‐Jiao , Yan Xue , Wu Yi‐Fan , Lei Xiao‐Wu , Yue Cheng‐Yang
Published: June 2022

Recently, zero‐dimensional (0D) hybrid metal halides have attracted intensive attention with wide applications in solid‐state lighting and display diodes. Herein, by using a facile wet‐chemistry method, we prepared one new 0D hybrid antimony halide of [HMHQ]2SbCl5 ⋅ 2H2O (MHQ=2‐methyl‐8‐hydroxyquinoline) based on the discrete [SbCl5]2− unit. Remarkably, the bulk crystals of [HMHQ]2SbCl5 ⋅ 2H2O exhibit strong cyan light emission with a promising photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 18.92%. Systematical studies disclose that the cyan emission is mainly derived from the radiative recombination within conjugated organic cation. Benefiting from the promising luminescent performance, this 0D antimony halide can be utilized as an excellent down‐conversion light emitting luminescent material to assemble white light‐emitting diodes with high color rendering index (CRI) of 90.2.
Enzyme Cascade Reaction‐Propelled Multicompartmental Colloidal Motors
Authors: Zhang Qihan , Liu Jun , Wu Yingjie
Published: June 2022

Compartmentalization is a crucial natural methodology to enable multiple biocatalytic transformations to proceed efficiently. Herein, we report a biocompatible multicompartmental colloidal motor that can achieve autonomous movement in the biological environment through two‐enzyme cascade reactions of immobilized enzymes. The colloidal motors with the heterogeneous multicompartment structure were prepared in one step by microfluidic technology, and the compartmentalized encapsulation of glucose oxidase (GOD) and catalase (CAT) was realized. The fabricated colloidal motor was size controllable by tuning the flow rates of the microfluidic system, and its autonomous movement can be triggered by good responsiveness to the alkaline environment. In glucose medium of pH 7.5, the pH‐responsive alginate cores of the colloidal motor swell to facilitate fuel penetration and enzyme‐catalyzed reactions. The enzyme cascade between GOD and CAT immobilized in the colloidal motor chamber results in the self‐propulsion of the colloid motor in glucose medium. The compartmentalized encapsulation of immobilized enzyme improves the stability of the enzyme and enables multicompartmental colloidal motors to self‐propel in an alkaline intestinal environment through an enzyme cascade reaction. These features indicate that such multicompartmental colloidal motors actuated by enzyme cascade reaction in biocompatible fuel have great potential for co‐encapsulation and autonomous movement in different applications.
Anthraquinone‐1,8‐Derived (Pseudo‐) Crown and Lariat Ethers:Design and Applications as Fluorescent and Chromogenic Ion (Pair) Sensors
Authors: Zhu Shouzhe , Zhu Shourong , Xing Feifei
Published: June 2022

Cyclic polyamine/ethers embedded with anthraquinone moieties and functional pendants, are structural analogues of crown ethers and (oxo‐) cyclams, and could be utilized as sensitive and selective chemosensors towards metal cations. Those pseudo‐ (similar but geometrically distinct) crown and lariat ethers show various cation‐binding patterns and stoichiometry, being modulated by donor type, cavity size and pendants’ chelating ability. The luminescent and chromogenic properties also differ a lot along with the derivation of the parental macrocycle. Methodological designing including synthesis and post‐functionalization through nucleophilic substitution, Mannich condensation etc., as well as the sensing performance of those pseudo‐crown and lariat ethers are summarized in this review, basing on the spectroscopic, voltammetric and X‐ray crystallographic determinations. Anion effect in sensing cations is evaluated according to the ion‐pair recognition theory. Those results shed some light on exemplifying the anions’ role in bioinorganic systems including metalloenzymes.
Variable annuities valuation under a mixed fractional Brownian motion environment with jumps considering mortality risk
Authors: Sharma Nitu , Selvamuthu Dharmaraja , Natarajan Selvaraju
Published: June 2022

Pricing a variable annuity (VA) is traditionally based on models with standard Brownian motion (BM). The assumption of independent increments in the BM is not always realistic as the price process of the risky assets exhibit a long‐range dependency. To model such assets, a fractional Brownian motion (FBM) with Hurst parameter is an appropriate model. However, due to arbitrage in an FBM model and jumps in stock returns, we consider in this work a mixed FBM (MFBM) model with jumps and evaluate variable annuities with different riders. We analyze the proposed model numerically to see the impact of mortality risk. We perform a comparison between eight stochastic models to obtain the best‐suited mortality model, for a dataset of the US male population. Finally, we obtain the price of VA guarantees using the forecasted values from the fitted mortality model.
Determination of 23 related analytes in bone marrow fluid and hippocampus of C57BL/6 mice following cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury by HPLC‐FLD
Authors: Zhang Jing , Yang Jun‐qing , Luo Ying , Li Jian‐sha , Gong Tao , Huang Su‐qiong , Xiong Yan , Jiang Xin‐hui
Published: June 2022

The study of brain diseases has long been of interest to researchers worldwide, and stroke is the third leading cause of death that threatens human health. At the same time, cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury is closely associated with high rates of disability and mortality. The conditions of the 6‐aminoquinolyl N‐hydroxysccinimidyl carbamate method for the derivatization of amino acids in the bone marrow fluid and hippocampus of C57BL/6 mice with cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury were explored and optimized, such as the column temperature, concentration of derivatization reagents and mobile phase concentration. The mobile phase consisted of 20 mm sodium acetate solution (phosphoric acid to adjust pH 5.0) and 60% acetonitrile solution at a flow rate of 1 ml min−1. The 23 analytes were separated and determined in a gradient elution procedure; the correlation coefficient r was >0.9990 in the range 0.1–8.0 μg ml−1. The results showed that the content of relevant analytes was significantly changed in the cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury model, and the method was suitable for the simultaneous determination of 23 amino acids in the bone marrow fluid and hippocampus of C57BL/6 mice.
Multivalent γ‐PGA‐Exendin‐4 Conjugates to Target Pancreatic β‐Cells
Authors: Rossi Lorenzo , Kerekes Krisztina , Kovács‐Kocsi Judit , Körhegyi Zoltán , Bodnár Magdolna , Fazekas Erika , Prépost Eszter , Pignatelli Cataldo , Caneva Enrico , Nicotra Francesco , Russo Laura
Published: June 2022

Targeting of glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor (GLP‐1R), expressed on the surface of pancreatic β‐cells, is of great interest for the development of advanced therapies for diabetes and diagnostics for insulinoma. We report the conjugation of exendin‐4 (Ex‐4), an approved drug to treat type 2 diabetes, to poly‐γ‐glutamic acid (γ‐PGA) to obtain more stable and effective GLP‐1R ligands. Exendin‐4 modified at Lysine‐27 with PEG4‐maleimide was conjugated to γ‐PGA functionalized with furan, in different molar ratios, exploiting a chemoselective Diels‐Alder cycloaddition. The γ‐PGA presenting the highest number of conjugated Ex‐4 molecules (average 120 per polymeric chain) showed a double affinity towards GLP‐1R with respect to exendin per se, paving the way to improved therapeutic and diagnostic applications.
Photoinduced Alcoholic α‐C−H Bond Anti‐Markovnikov Addition to Vinylphosphonium Bromides Followed by Wittig Olefination: Two‐Step Protocol for α‐C−H Allylic Alkylation of Alcohols
Authors: Yoshida Masaki , Sawamura Masaya , Masuda Yusuke
Published: June 2022

Herein reported is a two‐step protocol for the α‐allylic alkylation of alcohols consisting of photocatalytic anti‐Markovnikov addition of the α‐C−H bond of alcohols to vinylphosphonium bromides and subsequent Wittig olefination with aldehydes. The protocol is marked by simplicity of the photoreaction system with a single catalyst and broad scope of alcohols, ranging from readily available chemical feedstocks to functionalized molecules, and is attractive as a synthetic tool. Both primary and secondary alcohols can be functionalized at the α‐C−H bond to produce the corresponding α‐tertiary and quaternary (E)‐homoallylic alcohols. The mechanistic studies suggest that α‐C−H activation of alcohols occurs through hydrogen atom transfer by a bromine radical, which is photocatalytically generated from a vinylphosphonium bromide.
Sr‐Doped Double Perovskite La2CoMnO6 to Promote the Oxygen Evolution Reaction Activity
Authors: Li Shu‐Fang , Zheng Jie , Hu Liang , Ma Yao , Zhao Shuang , Zhu Chuan‐Hui , Yan Dong
Published: June 2022

Developing effective electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is crucial for exploring clean fuels. Owing to the flexible structure and unique 3d electron structure, perovskite has been considered as a promising candidate for OER electrocatalyst. Here, we report a range of A‐site partially substituted perovskite obtained via a facile sol‐gel method, La2‐xSrxCoMnO6 (x=0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0, LSCMO‐x). LSCMO‐x has been proved to have better OER performances. Therein, LSCMO‐0.8 shows the best OER catalytic performance among these A‐site partially substituted perovskites. The OER overpotential of LSCMO‐0.8 catalyst is 0.39 V, which is reduced by 80 mV compared to parent perovskite La2CoMnO6 (LCMO, 0.47 V). The experimental studies have shown that LSCMO‐0.8 exhibits a higher content of oxygen vacancies compared with LCMO, which may be the factor for the enhanced OER activity. Meanwhile, it is revealed that Sr doped in the A site can efficiently optimize the eg orbit filling. This work manifests that doping Sr into perovskites appropriately is an effective strategy for the improvement of OER activity.
Synchrotron X‐ray Electron Density Analysis of Chemical Bonding in the Graphitic Carbon Nitride Precursor Melamine
Authors: Vosegaard Emilie S. , Thomsen Maja K. , Krause Lennard , Grønbech Thomas B. E. , Mamakhel Aref , Takahashi Seiya , Nishibori Eiji , Iversen Bo B.
Published: June 2022

Melamine is a precursor and building block for graphitic carbon nitride (g‐CN) materials, a group of layered materials showing great promise for catalytic applications. The synthetic pathway to g‐CN includes a polycondensation reaction of melamine by evaporation of ammonia. Melamine molecules in the crystal organize into wave‐like planes with an interlayer distance of 3.3 Å similar to that of g‐CN. Here we present an extensive investigation of the experimental electron density of melamine obtained from modelling of synchrotron radiation X‐ray single‐crystal diffraction data measured at 25 K with special focus on the molecular geometry and intermolecular interactions. Both intra‐ and interlayer structures are dominated by hydrogen bonding and π‐interactions. Theoretical gas‐phase optimizations of the experimental molecular geometry show that bond lengths and angles for atoms in the same chemical environment (C−N bonds in the ring, amine groups) differ significantly more for the experimental geometry than for the gas‐phase‐optimized geometries, indicating that intermolecular interactions in the crystal affects the molecular geometry. In the experimental crystal geometry, one amine group has significantly more sp3‐like character than the others, hinting at a possible formation mechanism of g‐CN. Topological analysis and energy frameworks show that the nitrogen atom in this amine group participates in weak intralayer hydrogen bonding. We hypothesize that melamine condenses to g‐CN within the layers and that the unique amine group plays a key role in the condensation process.
Stereoselective Activation of Small Molecules by a Stable Chiral Silene
Authors: Sun Xiaofei , Hinz Alexander , Kucher Hannes , Gamer Michael T. , Roesky Peter W.
Published: June 2022

The reaction of the dilithium salt of the enantiopure (S)‐BINOL (1,1’‐bi‐2‐naphthol) with two equivalents of the amidinate‐stabilized chlorosilylene [LPhSiCl] (LPh=PhC(NtBu)2) led to the formation of the first example of a chiral cyclic silene species comprising an (S)‐BINOL ligand. The reactivity of the Si=C bond was investigated by reaction with elemental sulfur, CO2 and HCl. The reaction with S8 led to a Si=C bond cleavage and concomitantly to a ring‐opened product with imine and silanethione functional groups. The reaction with CO2 resulted in the cleavage of the CO2 molecule into a carbonyl group and an isolated O atom, while a new stereocenter is formed in a highly selective manner. According to DFT calculations, the [2+2] cycloaddition product is the key intermediate. Further reactivity studies of the chiral cyclic silene with HCl resulted in a stereoselective addition to the Si=C bond, while the fully selective formation of two stereocenters was achieved. The quantitative stereoselective addition of CO2 and HCl to a Si=C bond is unprecedented.
Enhancement of available transfer capability usingTCSCwith hybridized model: Combining lion and moth flame algorithms
Authors: Singh Joginder , Yadav Naresh Kumar , Gupta Saral Kumar
Published: June 2022

The practical computations of enhancing available transfer capability (ATC) are evolving in the recent times. Most of the presently available techniques for enhancing ATC are being implemented; however, in many cases, they do not consider the impact of communications taking place in between the “power transfers, loop flows, non‐linearities, operating policies, and most importantly voltage collapse blackouts,” respectively. Thus, the current research work aims to introduce a new hybrid method to solve the chaos in ATC in power system. The thyristor‐controlled series compensation (TCSC) that belongs to series flexible alternating current transmission system device is utilized for enhancing ATC. The introduced algorithm is termed as Lion Updated Moth Flame Optimization (LU‐MFO) to select the corresponding line for TCSC device to be connected.
PGWO‐AVS‐RDA: An intelligent optimization and clustering based load balancing model in cloud
Authors: Kothi Laxman Raghavender Reddy , Lathigara Amit , Aluvalu Rajanikanth , Viswanadhula Uma Maheswari
Published: June 2022

Load balancing and task scheduling in cloud have gained a significant attention by many researchers, due to the increased demand of computing resources and services. For this purpose, there are various load balancing methodologies are developed in the existing works, which are mainly focusing on allocating the tasks to Virtual Machines (VMs) based on their priority, order of tasks, and execution time. Still, it facing the major difficulties in finding the best tasks for allocation, because the sequence of patterns are normally used to categorize the relevant tasks with respect to the load. Thus, this research work intends to develop an intelligent group of mechanisms for efficiently allocating the tasks to the VMs by finding the best tasks with respect to the scheduling parameters. Initially, the user tasks are given to the load balancer unit, where the Probabilistic Gray Wolf Optimization (PGWO) technique is used to find the best fitness value for selecting the tasks. Then, the Adaptive Vector Searching (AVS) methodology is utilized to cluster the group of tasks for efficiently allocating the tasks with improved Quality of Service (QoS). Finally, the Recursive Data Acquisition (RDA) based scheduler unit can allocate the clustered tasks to the appropriate VMs in the cloud system by analyzing the properties of storage capacity, balancing load of VM, CPU usage, memory consumption, and execution time of tasks. During evaluation, the performance of the proposed load balancing model is validated by using various measures. Then, the obtained results are compared with some state‐of‐the‐art models for proving the betterment of the proposed scheme.
Group conflict handling under moderate evaluative partial mediation using entropic decision framework
Authors: Anjaria Kushal
Published: June 2022

The present paper aims to present entropy and fuzzy degrees of the truth‐based framework to handle the group conflict under moderate evaluative, partial mediation. For group conflict handling, the present work considers Thomas and Kilmann's five conflict‐handling modes: competing, collaborating, avoiding, accommodating, and compromising. A methodology proposed in the current work systemically formalizes decision‐making on deploying a conflict‐handling method with mediators' opinions. The formalization of decision‐making elucidated in the present work involves measurements based on entropy and fuzzy degrees of truth. The current work applies the developed formal quantitative framework to a well‐known case of group conflict that involves conflict among a group of engineering students. The case supports the proposed formal framework. Behavioral, psychological, and cognitive facts about engineers come in handy for validation of the proposed framework. The case shows that the proposed approach can be highly generalized, interpretable, and replicable.
Towards sustainable development: The role of directors' international orientation and their diversity for non‐financial disclosure
Authors: Dobija Dorota , Arena Claudia , Kozłowski Łukasz , Krasodomska Joanna , Godawska Justyna
Published: June 2022

Drawing on resource dependency and upper echelons theories, we examine the relationship between directors' international orientation (IO) and the scope of non‐financial disclosures (NFD) in a two‐tier board structure. Evidence from a regression analysis on a sample of non‐financial firms listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange for the 2014–2018 period shows that the IO of supervisory board members significantly and positively impacts the scope of NFD. We also find that women with IO influence the scope of NFD, whereas accounting and finance experience decreases the focus on NFD elements, especially environmental information. The results imply that both the IO of the supervisory board and the bundle of characteristics facilitate the move toward sustainable development. The findings of our study should be of interest to companies, regulators and policymakers to integrate sustainability practices into their corporate strategies.
The evolution of adult pollen feeding did not alter postembryonic growth in Heliconius butterflies
Authors: Hebberecht Laura , Melo‐Flórez Lina , Young Fletcher J. , McMillan W. Owen , Montgomery Stephen H.
Published: June 2022

For many animals, the availability and provision of dietary resources can vary markedly between juvenile and adult stages, often leading to a temporal separation of nutrient acquisition and use. Juvenile developmental programs are likely limited by the energetic demands of many adult tissues and processes with early developmental origins. Enhanced dietary quality in the adult stage may, therefore, alter selection on life history and growth patterns in juvenile stages. Heliconius are unique among butterflies in actively collecting and digesting pollen grains, which provide an adult source of essential amino acids. The origin of pollen feeding has therefore previously been hypothesized to lift constraints on larval growth rates, allowing Heliconius to spend less time as larvae when they are most vulnerable to predation. By measuring larval and pupal life‐history traits across three pollen‐feeding and three nonpollen‐feeding Heliconiini, we provide the first test of this hypothesis. Although we detect significant interspecific variation in larval and pupal development, we do not find any consistent shift associated with pollen feeding. We discuss how this result may fit with patterns of nitrogen allocation, the benefits of nitrogenous stores, and developmental limitations on growth. Our results provide a framework for studies aiming to link innovations in adult Heliconius to altered selection regimes and developmental programs in early life stages.
Assessment of quality of care provided to adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus at public hospitals in Gamo Gofa zone, Southern Ethiopia: Facility based Cross‐Sectional study
Authors: Russo Teklu Teshome , Sorato Mende Mensa , Mesfin Akililu Ayele , Hailu Tadiwos , Tanga Abayneh Tunje , Bussa Zebenay
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Proactive management of type 2 diabetes is important for restoring beta‐cell function and improving sustained blood glucose control. Evidence on quality of diabetes care in Ethiopia is inadequate.

Method

Facility‐based cross‐sectional study was conducted to assess level of quality of care provided to adult type 2 diabetes patients at three public hospitals in Gamo Gofa Zone, Southern Ethiopia.

Results

A total of 210 adult type 2 diabetes patients were included. The mean age of patients was 44.1 ± 9.94 years. Fifty‐one (24.3%) of patients adhered to prescribed medicines. Sixty‐seven (31.9%) patients could benefit from neuropathy screening and referral. Diabetes‐specific evidence‐based guidelines, operational plan to reduce overweight and obesity were not available. There was no periodic lipid profile, renal function and glycated haemoglobin testing. Sixty‐three (30%) patients achieved fasting blood glucose (FBG) level. Only 41 (19.5%) achieved the recommended target value for composite intermediate outcomes. All three sub‐components of quality care structure, process and outcome (SPO) were below the agreed minimum score and the quality of care provided to adult type 2 diabetes was poor. Only 41 (19.5%) achieved agreed quality indicator targets for type 2 diabetes (fasting blood glucose blood pressure and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol).

Conclusion

The quality of care provided to adult type 2 diabetes patients was poor particularly in areas such as availability of evidence‐based guidelines, operational plan to reduce obesity, monitoring of lipid profile and glycaemic control. Therefore, developing strategies for addressing structure, process and outcome‐related gaps by involving all stakeholders is critical for improving the quality of care provided to these patients.
Rh(III)‐Catalyzed C−H Activation of 2‐Aryl Quinazolinones and Coupling with 2‐Carboxyl Allylic Alcohols for the Synthesis of β‐Aryl Ketone Substituted Quinazolinones
Authors: Kang Shaodong , Li Jiaxing , Yang Qin , Song Zhibin , Peng Yiyuan
Published: June 2022

An efficient method to access 2‐(2‐β‐aryl ketone) substituted 2‐arylquinazolinones is reported. 2‐Carboxyl allylic alcohols, which were readily available from the Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman adducts, were used as the synthons. The reaction between 2‐aryl quinazolinones and 3‐hydroxy‐2‐methylene‐5‐phenylpentanoic acid was catalyzed by [RhCp*Cl2]2‐CF3COOAg through C−H activation and underwent facile decarboxylation to give the corresponding 2‐(2‐β‐aryl ketone) substituted 2‐phenyl quinazolinones in good to excellent yields with a wide range of substrates tolerated and good group compatibility. The results of control experiments indicated that the nitrogen atom on 3‐position of quinazolinone skeleton may function as the directing group in this C−H activation/functionalization. A possible mechanistic pathway for the synthesis of 2‐(2‐β‐aryl ketone) substituted phenylquinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones is proposed
The impact of chronic pain on creative ideation: An examination of the underlying attention‐related psychophysiological mechanisms
Authors: Gubler Danièle Anne , Rominger Christian , Holtforth Martin grosse , Egloff Niklaus , Frickmann Frank , Goetze Benjamin , Harnik Michael , Streitberger Konrad , Zeiss Stephan , Troche Stefan Johannes
Published: June 2022

Background

Attentional deficits in patients with chronic pain are common and well studied. Yet, few studies have examined the effects of chronic pain on more complex cognitive abilities that rely on well‐functioning attentional systems. With the current study, we aimed to investigate whether the impact of chronic pain on attention affects creative ideation as measured with an adaptation of the alternate uses task (AUT).

Methods

Performance in the AUT was compared between 33 patients suffering from chronic pain and 33 healthy matched controls. While solving the task, EEG was recorded to measure the degree of internally directed attention assessed by means of task‐related power (TRP) changes.

Results

The results revealed that patients with chronic pain generated less creative ideas than healthy controls. This lack of performance was accompanied by lower event‐related synchronization (ERS), especially in right parietal sites. Furthermore, these ERS differences explained one‐third of the inter‐group variance in AUT performance.

Conclusions

These results suggest that performance decrements in creative ideation in patients with chronic pain may be at least partly attributable to attentional impairments associated with chronic pain.

Significance

Chronic pain negatively affects attention and more complex cognitive abilities. However, the underlying psychophysiological mechanisms and the role of attention as a source of these impairments in more complex abilities are poorly understood. By analyzing task‐related power changes in the EEG, the role of internal attention in creative ideation could be determined, revealing the functional relationship between chronic pain, attention, and a more complex cognitive ability.