bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using a Smart Trash Can Sensor for Trash Disposal
Authors: Hajimahmud Vugar Abdullayev , Singh Yudhvir , Yadav Mohit
Published: May 2024

To avoid overflowing garbage bins, a sensor is placed in the garbage bin. If the garbage bin is filled, the sensor will search the details about garbage collector and send the notification to a particular person about place, area, and bin number. The garbage collector will clean it. It will reduce noise pollution and many diseases. The chapter mentions the threshold value to fill garbage bins and some specified value will be shown for this garbage bin sensor.
Finding Security Gaps and Vulnerabilities in IoT Devices
Authors: Singh Khushwant , Yadav Mohit , Singh Yudhvir , Barak Dheerdhwaj
Published: May 2024

The internet of things (IoT) and wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have become important innovations, offering unparalleled connectivity and pervasive data access for a variety of uses. They have combined to cause a paradigm change in the way we see and engage with our environment. But as connection has increased, new difficulties have emerged, largely concentrated around protecting the integrity of these networked systems. The cheap cost, long-term autonomy, and unsupervised operating capabilities of WSNs and IoT are the main reasons for their adoption. An enormous amount of data is now available for internet access due to the convergence of internet-enabled devices and sensor-driven data collecting, which has been facilitated by this integration. Users and network administrators are worried about the intrinsic security holes and vulnerabilities in these networks notwithstanding these advancements. WSNs and the internet of things are more susceptible to a wide range of threats because they lack a centralised security architecture. It becomes imperative to guarantee the confidentiality, integrity, and accessibility of data (CIA), particularly in applications where these characteristics are vital. In addition to the issues already listed, security risks are made worse by the intricacies brought about by the ever-changing dynamics of IoT ecosystems and the vast quantity of networked devices. New attack vectors appear as these systems develop, underscoring the need of carefully looking into any possible weaknesses. The significance of providing a thorough analysis of security risks, including both established and emerging attacks on WSNs and IoT, is emphasized in this study. This kind of analysis is necessary to classify and understand various assault types. Moreover, it underscores the need of addressing the intricate problems presented by WSN-IoT integration, including safeguarding communication protocols, overseeing extensive networks, and preserving data integrity over diverse devices and platforms. Establishing trust, reliability, and popular acceptance of these important technologies depends on recognizing those threats and safeguarding these linked systems from future assaults.
Replication Stress in Activated Human NK Cells Induces Sensitivity to Apoptosis
Authors: Guilz Nicole C , Ahn Yong-Oon , Fatima Hijab , Pedroza Luis Alberto , Seo Seungmae , Soni Rajesh Kumar , Wang Ning , Egli Dieter , Mace Emily M
Published: May 2024

NK cells are innate immune effectors that kill virally infected or malignant cells. NK cell deficiency (NKD) occurs when NK cell development or function is impaired and variants in MCM4, GINS1, MCM10, and GINS4 result in NKD. Although NK cells are strongly impacted by mutational deficiencies in helicase proteins, the mechanisms underlying this specific susceptibility are poorly understood. In this study, we induced replication stress in activated NK cells or T cells by chemical and genetic methods. We found that the CD56bright subset of NK cells accumulates more DNA damage and replication stress during activation than do CD56dim NK cells or T cells. Aphidicolin treatment increases apoptosis of CD56bright NK cells through increased pan-caspase expression and decreases perforin expression in surviving cells. These findings show that sensitivity to replication stress affects NK cell survival and function and contributes to NKD.
Functional Heterogeneity of Umbilical Cord Blood Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells
Authors: Schweiger Petra , Hamann Livia , Strobel Julian , Weisbach Volker , Wandersee Alexandra , Christ Julia , Kehl Sven , Weidenthaler Filip , Antoniadis Sophia , Hackstein Holger , Cunningham Sarah
Published: May 2024

Human umbilical cord blood (UCB) represents a unique resource for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for children and patients lacking suitable donors. UCB harbors a diverse set of leukocytes such as professional APCs, including monocytes, that could act as a novel source for cellular therapies. However, the immunological properties of UCB monocytes and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs) are not fully characterized. In this study, we characterized the phenotype and functions of UCB-MoDCs to gauge their potential for future applications. UCB exhibited higher frequencies of platelets and lymphocytes as well as lower frequencies of neutrophils in comparison with adult whole blood. Leukocyte subset evaluation revealed significantly lower frequencies of granulocytes, NK cells, and CD14+CD16− monocytes. Surface marker evaluation revealed significantly lower rates of costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD83 while chemokine receptors CCR7 and CXCR4, as well as markers for Ag presentation, were similarly expressed. UCB-MoDCs were sensitive to TLR1–9 stimulation and presented quantitative differences in the release of proinflammatory cytokines. UCB-MoDCs presented functional CCR7-, CXCR4-, and CCR5-associated migratory behavior as well as adequate receptor- and micropinocytosis-mediated Ag uptake. When cocultured with allogeneic T lymphocytes, UCB-MoDCs induced weak CD4+ T lymphocyte proliferation, CD71 expression, and release of IFN-γ and IL-2. Taken together, UCB-MoDCs present potentially advantageous properties for future medical applications.
Mechanical ventilation and outcomes in COVID-19 patients admitted to intensive care unit in a low-resources setting: A retrospective study
Authors: Assenouwe Sarakawabalo , Mouzou Tabana Essohanam , Ahounou Ernest , Bawe Lidaw Déassoua , Kotosso Awèréou , Aziagbe Koffi Atsu , Amekoudi Eyram Makafui Yoan , Omourou Mamoudou , Anoudem Chimene Etonga , Adjoh Komi Séraphin
Published: May 2024

Objective:

To describe the strategies and outcomes of mechanical ventilation in a poorly equipped facility.

Methods:

This retrospective descriptive study included patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and mechanically ventilated between September 1, 2020, and May 31, 2021. Data were collected from medical records and databases.

Results:

54 Patients aged (62.9±13.3) years were included. Among these cases, 79.6% had at least one comorbidity. On admission, all patients had hypoxia. The median peripheral oxygen saturation in room air was 76% (61%, 83%). Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) was performed in 75.9% of the patients, and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) in 68.5%. IMV was performed on patients due to severe coma (8.1%), failure of standard oxygen therapy (27.0%), and failure of NIV (64.9%). An arterial blood gas test was performed in 14.8% of the patients. NIV failed in 90.2% of cases and succeeded in 9.8%. IMV was successful in 5.4% of cases, vs. 94.6% of mortality. The overall mortality rate of patients on ventilation in the ICU was 88.9%. The causes of death included severe respiratory distress syndrome (85.2%), multiple organ failure (14.8%), and pulmonary embolism (13.0%).

Conclusions:

The ventilation management of COVID-19 patients in the ICU with NIV and IMV in a scarce resource setting is associated with a high mortality rate. Shortcomings are identified in ventilation strategies, protocols, and monitoring. Required improvements were also proposed.
Infantile Systemic Hyalinosis
Authors: Al Kaissi Ali , Hilmi Marwa , Betadolova Zulfiya , Bouchoucha Sami , Trofimova Svetlana , Shboul Mohammad , Rustamov Guseyn , Dwera Wiam , Sigl Katharina , Kenis Vladimir , Kircher Susanne Gerit
Published: May 2024

Background:

Infantile systemic hyalinosis (ISH) is an autosomal recessively inherited disorder. The classical natural history of the disease is characterised by hypotonia, multiple contractures, skin lesions, osteopenia, joint pain, bone fractures, persistent diarrhoea and growth deficiency.

Materials and Methods:

Two children manifested the severe type of ISH underwent genotypic confirmation. In order to identify which other family members have inherited the disease. We included siblings and cousins in this study. The baseline tool to study other family subjects was based on the phenotypic characterisations of each child.

Results:

Two children with the severe type of ISH showed craniosynostosis (brachycephaly and scaphocephaly) associated with multiple contractures, progressive joint osteolysis ending up with multiple joint dislocations. The full exome sequencing was carried out, revealing a previously reported heterozygous nonsense mutation с.1294С>Т and a novel heterozygous non-synonymous substitution c. 58T>A in ANTRX2 gene. Three children (sibling and cousins) manifested variable clinical manifestations relevant to ISH. Specifically, asymptoamtic skin and skeletal abnormalities of hypoplastic clavicles and 'shepherd's crook' deformity and coxa vara.

Conclusion:

It is mandatory to perform extensive family pedigree search to detect asymptomatic clinical features in siblings and cousins in families with first degree related marriages. Interestingly, in the mild and the moderate types of ISH, we observed undescribed combination of asymptomatic skin and skeletal abnormalities. This is a comparative study between the severe and the mild/moderate types in a group of children from consanguineous families. Our current study extends the phenotypic characterisations of ISH.
Efficacy of Fluocinonide\Bifonazole Cream for the Treatment of Trachyonychia
Authors: Shemer Avner , Daniel Ralph , Kassem Riad , Sharon Nechama , Farhi Renata , Kaplan Baruch , Hermush Vered , Galili Eran
Published: May 2024

Background:

Trachyonychia is a benign nail condition, most commonly seen in children. Trachyonychia manifests as excessive longitudinal ridging, nail roughness, and nail brittleness. Treatment is sought mainly for esthetic reasons as well as functional reasons. A number of therapeutic approaches exist, mainly based on case reports or small non-comparative case series.

Aims:

To report treatment outcome among patients with trachyonychia.

Methods:

A retrospective case-series study was conducted among patients who were treated trachyonychia between years 2017 and 2020. Patients were prescribed fluocinonide 0.05% with bifonazole 1% cream, applied with or without occlusion, and methylprednisolone 1–2 mg/nail, injected into the involved nail matrix, or oral cyclosporine 3 mg/kg. Complete response (over 90% improvement) and partial response (over 50% improvement) were assessed.

Results:

A total of 43 patients with trachyonychia were included [mean age 10.0 years (±5.7), 69.8% males, mean disease duration 4.7 years (±3.0)]. In 90.7% of the cases, topical fluocinonide\bifonazole cream was prescribed. Under-occlusion topical application was found to be highly effective, achieving complete response in 35.3% and partial response in an additional 52.9% of the patients. Occluded application was also found to be significantly more effective than non-occluded application. Treatment efficacy was not affected by the severity of nail roughness, trachyonychia morphology, or whether trachyonychia was idiopathic or coexisted with other dermatological conditions.

Conclusion:

Occluded application of fluocinonide plus bifonazole cream is efficient for the treatment of trachyonychia and should be considered a first line of treatment.
Evaluation of Dermoscopic Patterns of Vesiculobullous Disorders
Authors: Narkhede Namita D. , Nikham Balakrishna , Jamale Varsha , Hussain Asma , Kale Mohan
Published: May 2024

Background:

Clinical diagnosis of vesiculobullous disorders (VBD) is not always straightforward. It is a challenge for a dermatologist to make the right diagnosis noninvasively in a short time.

Objective:

To evaluate dermoscopic patterns associated with vesiculobullous disorders.

Methods:

A total of 230 patients, irrespective of age and gender, with a history and clinical presentation suggestive of VBD (including primarily infectious, inflammatory, genetic, antibody-mediated, mechanical, environmental, metabolic, and drug-related) were recruited into the study. Patients with secondarily infected lesions were excluded. Dermoscopic examination along with Tzanck smear/skin biopsy smear test was performed on the most representative lesions. Data were compiled and statistically analyzed using SPSS version 21.0.

Results:

Lesions with erythematous (vascular) and yellowish (serum) translucent background with regular margins were seen in most of the VBD studied. Chickenpox (CP) and herpes zoster (HZ) lesions evolved with the progress of their clinical stages. Follicular and eccrine openings were commonly seen, but the pigmentation around them was specific to pemphigus vulgaris. A distorted pigment network was noted in bullous pemphigoid. White rosettes (keratin blockage) were characteristic of epidermolysis bullosa, Wickham striae (orthokeratosis) of lichen planus, and crumpled fabric appearance (flaccidity) of Hailey-Hailey disease. Globules/dots (microvesicles) of different colors were also seen in various VBD. Blue/black color usually corresponded to retained melanin.

Conclusion:

Some dermoscopic patterns are observed consistently with certain diseases, and these can be used for their diagnosis, complementary to histopathological examination.
Fragrance, Sunscreens, Botanicals, and Potential Allergens in Bestseller 'Fairness' Creams in the Indian Market
Authors: Gopinath Hima , Manjula Bodicharla , Karthikeyan Kaliaperumal
Published: May 2024

Background:

The skin lightening industry has seen exponential growth in India. Consumers often present to the dermatologist with adverse cutaneous reactions to these 'fairness' (skin lightening) creams. The composition of these creams has not received sufficient attention.

Objective:

To identify fragrance, sunscreens, botanicals and potential allergens in the bestseller 'fairness' creams available in the Indian market.

Methods:

Twenty fairness (or whitening or lightening) creams were selected based on the 'bestseller' creams of one of the largest electronic commerce websites in India, and availability in local stores and unlabelled brands were excluded. Fragrance, sunscreens, botanicals and potential allergens were identified from the ingredient labels.

Results:

Twenty bestseller fairness creams were included. The number of the listed ingredients in the fairness creams ranged from 6 to 49 (mean = 32.2). The most frequently listed ingredients included water, fragrance or parfum, glycerin, tocopherol/tocopherylacetate and titanium dioxide. Hydroquinone, monobenzyl hydroquinone, corticosteroids, tretinoin and mercury were not listed in any of the creams. Unspecified fragrance was listed in 19 (95%) creams and linalool (8,40%) was the most frequent specified fragrance. Titanium dioxide (14, 70 %) was the most common inorganic sunscreen and ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (12 creams or 60% of creams) was the most common organic sunscreen. Twenty-seven botanicals were identified. Eight ingredients were potential allergens according to the Indian Cosmetic and Fragrance Series. The cost of the creams ranged from 95 to 1,095 in Indian rupees (mean 300.5).

Conclusions:

Consumers are exposed to a vast range of compounds in the quest for a lighter skin tone. Several potential allergens, particularly fragrance allergens, are present in addition to the eight allergens that were identified with the Indian Cosmetic and Fragrance Series. Increased awareness of the composition of skin lightening creams available in the market and strict regulation of these creams is needed.
Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors: Datta Debatri , Podder Indrashis , De Abhishek , Das Sudip
Published: May 2024

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA), an inflammatory seronegative spondyloarthropathy is the most common co-morbidity of psoriasis (PsO), in almost 30% of cases. Delayed diagnosis and treatment of PsA may result in irreversible joint damage, significant morbidity, impaired quality of life, and several cardiometabolic and cerebrovascular co-morbidities. Dermatologists are uniquely privileged to be able to diagnose latent PsA at an early stage, as almost 80% of these patients present with pre-existing cutaneous PsO. This review provides a detailed overview of PsA along with its salient clinical features, classification criteria, screening tools, simple physical examination maneuvers, imaging findings, and therapeutic options to acquaint dermatologists and other clinicians with this morbid musculoskeletal disorder. We hope to generate awareness about this condition among dermatologists to enable proactive screening of all PsO patients for early diagnosis, initiation of appropriate treatment, and prompt referral to a rheumatologist; thus, helping to arrest PsA disease progression, irreversible joint damage, and subsequent permanent disability.
Combined Effect of Low-Level LASER and Kinetic Chain Activation on Wound Healing
Authors: Metgud Santosh , Thakur Deviya Narahar , D'Silva Pamela Virgil , Deshmukh Shreya M.
Published: May 2024

The management of chronic and nonhealing wounds involves the use of electrotherapy including low-level LASER therapy (LLLT), ultraviolet rays, infrared radiation, and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). Evidence suggests that kinetic chain activation results in fascial mobilization needed for rapid wound repair. However, the combined effect of electrotherapy and fascial mobilization by kinetic chain activation on wound healing is not known. This case report highlights the effect of a novel rehabilitation model integrating LLLT, TENS, and kinetic chain activation on wound healing. This study was conducted on a 46-year-old female who presented with a nonhealing wound on the plantar aspect of the foot. A positive outcome was observed in terms of pain reduction, improvement in wound size, and functional independence
Reliability of Two Newly Designed Pelvic Inclinometer for Measurement of Pelvic Inclination in Sagittal Plane
Authors: Bali Nishant Kumar , Raghav Deepak , Dwivedi Amit
Published: May 2024

Context:

The use of a pelvic inclinometer in medical practice to evaluate pelvic inclination angle is speedy, noninvasive, and easy to use. There is currently no goniometer available for objective measurement of innominate bone inclination in standing. In clinical assessment, it is necessary to employ portable, reliable, low-cost, and safe measurement apparatus for the measurement of pelvic inclination.

Aims:

To assess the inter- and intra-tester reliability of a tripod-mounted pelvic inclinometer and a hand-held inclinometer with smartphone application for measuring the angle of pelvic inclination in the sagittal plane.

Study Setting and Design:

Design of assessing and measuring reliability of pelvic inclinometer in India.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 160 individuals aged between 18 and 30 years volunteered to participate in the study. Pelvic inclination angle was measured on both sides using two newly developed pelvic inclinometers in the sagittal plane. One was tripod-mounted wooden arm inclinometer and the other was hand-held inclinometer with smartphone software application. Reliability was assessed for the tripod-mounted pelvic inclinometer apparatus that is based on the idea of measuring pelvic tilts with caliper. Further, reliability was also assessed for hand-held pelvic inclinometer with software application in a mobile cell device.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Cronbach's alpha (C-alpha) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were used to test reliability.

Results:

The intratester reliability of the tripod-mounted wooden arm inclinometer on both left (C-alpha - 0.98; ICC - 0.94) and right sides (C alpha - 0.97; ICC - 0.93) was high. Similar findings were noted with the hand-held inclinometer with smartphone software application, with intrarater reliability being high on both right (C-alpha - 0.98; ICC - 0.95) and left sides (C-alpha - 0.98; ICC - 0.96).

Conclusion:

Both the newly designed pelvic inclinometers, i.e., tripod-mounted wooden arm inclinometer and hand-held inclinometer with smartphone software application, are reliable and consistent for measuring pelvic inclination in the sagittal plane.
An Educative Overview on Manipulative Therapy
Authors: Arora Maneesh R.
Published: May 2024

Physiotherapists, chiropractors, and osteopaths utilise manual therapy to treat musculoskeletal pain and dysfunction. It is a structured approach to giving hands-on physical treatment within a biopsychosocial framework. Many different hand-on treatments fall under the umbrella of manual therapy. Physical therapists have greatly contributed to the current diversity in manual therapy approaches and techniques. This article on continuing physiotherapy education gives an educative overview to the students and professionals about manual therapy or manipulative therapy.
Depression, Anxiety, and Stress among Parents of Children with Special Needs during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Belagavi City
Authors: Metgud Deepa , Patil Chandana Suresh , Cotta Emika Ann
Published: May 2024

Context:

Lockdown and social isolation during the pandemic situation caused an especially stressful situation for families with children with special educational needs and disabilities. The psychological repercussions on parents of these children remain unattended.

Aims:

The primary aim was to find the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among parents of children with special needs during COVID-19 pandemic using Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS)-21. The secondary aim was to determine the correlation between the three domains of DASS-21 scale with the parent characteristics.

Settings and Design:

This was an observational study on parents of children with special needs visiting tertiary care center and special schools.

Subjects and Methods:

Eighty-seven parents of children with special needs participated Either parent of each child with special needs answered the questionnaire DASS-21. The total score of each participant was calculated for each component under each domain of the questionnaire.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Frequency distribution for occurrence of depression, anxiety and stress was analyzed. The linear associations were studied using correlation coefficient.

Results:

Out of 87 parents who participated in the study, 5.6% of the subjects had depression, 15.3% had anxiety, and 12.5% had stress. There was no significant correlation noted between individual domains of DASS-21 and the parent characteristics (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

The study concludes that during the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress in parents of children with special needs was not significant. Further, no correlation was found between DASS-21 and the demographic characteristics of the parents.
Survey of the salt (NaCl) Contents of Traditional Breads in Tehran, 2016[FIGURE DASH]2018
Authors: Hadian Zahra , Fatemeh S. , Reihani S. , Mirmoghtadaie Leila , Tan Thuan Chew
Published: May 2024

Background:

Considering the importance of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in Iran, the aim of this study is to identify the trend in the salt (NaCl) levels of various types of traditional bread (sangak, barbari, taftoon, and lavash breads) in Tehran in 2016 and 2018 and its implication for public health.

Methods:

A total of 777 samples of various traditional breads were randomly collected from various districts located in Tehran in 2018. The salt content (expressed as g/100 g dry weight) in these breads were determined according to Volhard method. Results from this study were compared with those reported in 2016.

Results:

The present study indicated that the mean salt content in traditional breads in 2018 was significantly higher than that reported in 2016. Salt content in traditional breads collected in 2018 ranged from 0.03 to 6.52/100 g dry weight, with mean value of 1.43 g/100 g dry weight. When comparing with the permitted limit set by Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran (ISIRI), there was an increase in the percentage of samples complying with the permitted limit; 50.8% (2016) vs 54.1% (2018).

Conclusions:

The daily salt intake increased from 1.56 g per person in 2016 to 2.31 g per person in 2018. Considering the high bread per capita consumption in Iran, it seems that half of the daily recommended salt intake could be reached exclusively through breads. Hence, the main strategies for salt intake reduction from bread could be achieved through evaluation of salt reduction programs and development of technological factors in bread baking.
The Association Between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and Some Serum Oxidative Stress Markers in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Moradi Fateme , Heidari Zahra , Teimori Azam , Ghazvini Mohammadreza , Imani Zahra Faghih , Naeini Amirmansour Alavi
Published: May 2024

Purpose:

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disorder. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and the serum oxidative stress markers in patients with NAFLD.

Methods:

In this case-control study, 121 patients with NAFLD and 119 healthy subjects were frequency-matched on gender. DII scores were calculated by using a 168-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Blood samples were collected to measure serum oxidative markers. Linear regression and odds ratio (OR) were also used in this study.

Results:

The mean ± standard deviation of age for case and control group was 38.04 ± 6.7 and 35.6 ± 10.2, respectively. The gender ratio (female to male) for the case and control group was 1:1.42 and 1:1.38, respectively. The mean of the DII in the patient group was significantly higher than the healthy group, (P-values < 0.01). There was a significant negative relationship between TAC and DII (B = -2.63 (95%CI: -4.59, -0.68) and there was also a positive relationship between Malondialdehyde (MDA) and DII (B = 0.15 (95%CI: 0.02, 0.28) in the healthy group, but they were not significant in the case group. After multivariate adjustment, subjects in the most pro-inflammatory DII group had 73 times higher odds of NAFLD compared to subjects in tertile 1 (OR = 72.9; 95%CI (14.3-371.9)).

Conclusions:

Our findings suggest a direct association between the pro inflammatory properties of diet in patient and healthy group, but no relationship between TAC, MDA, and DII in the case group.
Radiomorphometric Indices and their Relation to Alveolar Bone Loss
Authors: Bangar Bhushan R. , Rampati Sandhya R. , Gajare Susheen M. , Vanama Yamini , Tummala Sai S. , Vemulapalli Charita C. , Suresh B. J , Swarnalatha C , Nayyar Abhishek S.
Published: May 2024

Aim:

To assess the influence of gender and age on different parameters of alveolar bone loss using specific radiomorphometric indices on panoramic radiographs to aid in identifying patients with possible low bone mineral density (BMD).

Materials and Methods:

The present cross-sectional study included 80 subjects in whom mandibular cortical index (MCI), mandibular cortical width (MCW), panoramic mandibular index (PMI), alveolar bone loss (ABL), and bone height in 1st premolar (Hp) and 1st molar (Hm) were assessed to evaluate the alveolar bone loss.

Results:

The findings of the present study revealed a significant association between MCI and age for females with C2 and C3 categories being more common with advancing age. Also, a significant difference could be seen in relation to gender (p-value = 0.0315) for MCW with a concomitant decrease in values of MCW in females >60 years of age. The vertical bone height of the edentulous mandible at 1st premolar (Hp) (p-value = 0.0071) and 1st molar (Hm) (p-value = 0.0044) regions were also found to be more in males than females.

Conclusion:

Panoramic radiographic measurements provided valuable information for alveolar bone loss in terms of gender and age based on specific radiomorphometric parameters.
Effectiveness of Mobile Application for Promotion of Physical Activity Among Newly Diagnosed Patients of Type II Diabetes – A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Patnaik Lipilekha , Panigrahi Sandeep Kumar , Sahoo Abhay Kumar , Mishra Debahuti , Muduli Anil Kumar , Beura Saswatika
Published: May 2024

Background:

Mobile health intervention shows the positive effects on the management of chronic diseases. Therefore, the study was planned to study the effectiveness of a mobile-based application promotion of physical activity among newly diagnosed patients with type II diabetes.

Methods:

The present study was a parallel-design randomized controlled trial conducted over 2 years. The participants were type II diabetes patients between 18 and 60 years within 3 months of diagnosis who attended the endocrinology outpatient department having knowledge of using smart phone. The sample size was calculated to be 66 and 33 for each arm. The block random design method was adopted for allocation into different arms. A pretested interview schedule was used for the collection of data. Outcomes included body mass index, waist circumference, body fat percentage, and changes in the physical activity was obtained by global physical activity questionnaire (GPAQ). The information thus collected were processed and analyzed using SPSS v 20.

Results:

The study included 66 patients aged between 18 and 60 years, out of which 33 were enrolled into control and 33 into intervention group. The mean age of the participants was 42.29 ± 9.5 years ranged from 25 years to 59 years, 65.2% were males and 34.8% were females. It was observed that a higher proportion of intervention participants met WHO recommendations of physical activity level. Total metabolic equivalent of task (MET) value per minute (Mean ± SD) was 1347.27 ± 1028.5 in the control group and 1223.03 ± 584.87 in intervention group at baseline and was not different (P = 0.538). The total MET value per minute was found to be higher among the intervention group in all follow-ups. There was a significant decrease in weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, body fat percentage, and systolic blood pressure (SBP) in the intervention group.

Conclusions:

Cost-effective, simple mobile applications may help in routine clinical practice to encourage the patients for the promotion of physical activity.
Academic Difficulties among Young Persons with Mental Disorders
Authors: Akshaya A , Gopal Subhashini , Pavithra R , Raghavan Vijaya
Published: May 2024

Background:

Various factors contribute the poor academic performance and discontinuation from schools among young people with mental disorders. The present study aimed to identify the difficulties and barriers posed by mental disorders; coping strategies to overcome them, and consolidate the recommendations made by students with mental illness and their parents to make education friendlier for students with mental illness.

Materials and Methods:

Semi-qualitative study was conducted in the outpatient department of the Schizophrenia Research Foundation, a mental health center and nonprofit organization based in Chennai. All patients between 13 and 23 years with an International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision diagnosis of any psychiatric disorder, pursuing or discontinued studies within the last 2 years were included in the study. A qualitative interview pro forma was developed and used for interviewing the patients and their family members.

Results:

60.3% of the individuals interviewed had a disruption in their academic endeavor lasting for a minimum period of 2 weeks wherein they could not attend class and 1–4 such disruptions per individual in the last 2 years. Major difficulties cited by the participants were the interference of illness symptoms in academic performance, stress caused by difficulties in meeting academic requirements, and interpersonal stressors. Recommendations proposed by the participants were directed toward strategies for compensating the cognitive deficits caused by mental illness and special provisions in the examinations and evaluation.

Conclusion:

Acknowledging the difficulties faced by the students with mental illness and providing feasible provisions and concessions can go a long way in ensuring the students with mental illness receive a complete education.
Mental Health in an Unequal World - The Role of Social Determinants
Authors: Kallivayalil Roy Abraham , Enara Arun
Published: May 2024

The world, particularly in the past decade was shaped by events that exposed the drastic inequalities in modern-day societies. The social scientists and policy makers have looked at the interactions between these inequalities and health/illness. These interactions play a key role in the prevention, precipitation and treatment outcomes of mental health problems. The relevance of social determinants are often shaped by public policies that is a reflection of prevailing political ideologies. Adding to the problem is also a chronic underfunding in mental health creating a mental health treatment gap. Tackling these inequalities and understanding these social determinants, particularly in mental health and illness, will be key in the years ahead. The article will look to explore the social determinants, especially in the context of mental illness, in this unequal world.
Assessing the Nutritional Gap among Under-five Children in Urban Mysore – Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Pragadesh R , Kulkarni Praveen , Vadaga Vijaylakshmi Rao , Kumar D Sunil
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

Malnutrition in children under 5 years is one of the leading problems affecting their growth and development. According to the National Family Health Survey-5 data in urban areas in India, 27.3% were undernourished, 30.1% were stunted, 18.5% were wasted, 7.6% were severely wasted, and 4.2% were overweight. Therefore, it is necessary to determine their nutritional gap and its factors to prevent complications.

Materials and Methods:

The analytical cross-sectional study was done in urban Mysore. The sample size was 171 under-five children. Malnutrition was assessed using the WHO standards by calculating weight for height. A questionnaire on associated factors was used. The calorie intake was calculated using the 24-h recall method.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Data were entered into an Excel spreadsheet and analyzed using SPSS software version 26 and inferential analysis was done using the Chi-square test.

Results:

The prevalence of nutritional gap is 28.1% among 171 under-five children. Factors such as socioeconomic status, education of the head of the family, energy requirement, and midupper arm circumference also were found to be have significant effects on nutritional status.

Conclusion:

Most of the under-five children were found to be deficient in calorie intake and the prevalence of wasting in the field practice area is lower than the national average. Few risk factors are associated with the nutritional gap in children under the age of five.
Fractured Metallic Tracheostomy Tube: A Rare Presentation of Bronchial Foreign Body
Authors: Afiadigwe EE , Umeh US , Obasikene G , Chukwuanukwu TO , Ezeanolue BC
Published: May 2024

Background:

Tracheostomy is an important life-saving surgical procedure that could be used to secure the lower airway. It can however serve as a source of airway compromise when fragments from it are deposited. This condition must be diagnosed early enough, and appropriate intervention should be done to forestall potential morbidity and mortality.

Case Report:

A 56-year-old tracheostomized patient presented to the accident and emergency department with a 4-hour history of sudden onset choking cough and labored breathing. The shaft of his tracheostomy tube (TT) was fractured and subsequently aspirated while he was attempting to remove and clean the inner tube that morning. He has used the TT for about 6 years and lost to follow-up clinic visits. The chest radiograph showed the metallic foreign body lodged within the trachea. He had an emergency rigid bronchoscopy via the tracheostomy stoma, and the object was retrieved. All respiratory symptoms subsequently resolved, and a check radiograph showed normal findings.

Conclusion:

Tracheostomy tube fracture and aspiration should be ruled out in every tracheostomized patient with sudden onset acute respiratory symptoms. Otolaryngologists must always emphasize the need for proper handling of TT, regular follow-up, and tube replacement when due.
Aetiological Spectrum of Pancreaticobiliary Diseases in Adult Nigerians on Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography
Authors: Idowu BM , Onigbinde SO , Afolabi BI , Oyedepo VO , Ajayi OI , Ogholoh OD , Nwafor NN , Okedere TA , Fanimi OO.
Published: May 2024

Background:

Imaging is vital for assessing pancreaticobiliary diseases.

Aim:

The aim of the study was to investigate the spectrum and pattern of pancreaticobiliary diseases in adult Nigerians using magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP).

Methods:

This was a retrospective, descriptive cross-sectional study. The electronic radiological records of 110 adult Nigerians who had undergone MRCP were reviewed. The MRCP images were evaluated for bile duct dilatation, intraluminal filling defects, strictures, calculi, and other abnormalities.

Results:

There were 45 males (40.9%) and 65 females (59.1%) aged 18–83 years, with a mean age of 51.93 ± 15.22 years. Jaundice (59.1%) and right hypochondrial pain (31.8%) were the most common presenting complaints. Gallstones (32.7%), common bile duct strictures (15.5%), choledocholithiasis (11.8%), pancreatic head carcinoma (10.9%), and gallbladder carcinoma (2.7%) were the most frequent abnormalities. There was biliary obstruction in 56.4% of participants, mostly at the distal and proximal common bile duct. Other findings include hepatomegaly (23.6%), hepatic cysts (6.4%), hepatic steatosis (0.9%), duodenal wall thickening (1.8%), and ascites (5.5%). MRCP was normal in 25 (22.7%) participants.

Conclusion:

Gallstones were the predominant pathology of the various pancreaticobiliary diseases, while Pancreatic head and gallbladder carcinoma were the most common malignant diseases.
Naturality of $\mathrm{SL}_{3}$ quantum trace maps for surfaces
Authors: Kim Hyun Kyu
Published: May 2024

Fock–Goncharov’s moduli spaces

\mathscr{X}_{\mathrm{PGL}_3,\mathfrak{S}}

of framed

\mathrm{PGL}_{3}

-local systems on punctured surfaces

\mathfrak{S}

provide prominent examples of cluster

\mathscr{X}

-varieties and higher Teichmüller spaces. In a previous paper of the author (2022), building on the works of others, the so-called

\mathrm{SL}_{3}

quantum trace map is constructed for each triangulable punctured surface

\mathfrak{S}

and an ideal triangulation

\Delta

of

\mathfrak{S}

, as a homomorphism from the stated

\mathrm{SL}_{3}

-skein algebra of the surface to a quantum torus algebra that deforms the ring of Laurent polynomials in the cube-roots of the cluster coordinate variables for the cluster

\mathscr{X}

-chart for

\mathscr{X}_{\mathrm{PGL}_3,\mathfrak{S}}

associated to

\Delta

. We develop quantum mutation maps between special subalgebras of the cube-root quantum torus algebras for different triangulations and show that the

\mathrm{SL}_{3}

quantum trace maps are natural, in the sense that they are compatible under these quantum mutation maps. As an application, the quantum

\mathrm{SL}_{3}

-

\mathrm{PGL}_{3}

duality map constructed in the previous paper is shown to be independent of the choice of an ideal triangulation.
Limits and colimits in the category of Banach $L^{0}$-modules
Authors: Pasqualetto Enrico
Published: May 2024

We prove that the category of Banach

L^{0}

-modules over a given

\sigma

-finite measure space is both complete and cocomplete, which means that it admits all small limits and colimits.
FMVSS Inertia Dynamometer Test Procedure for Vehicles Below 4540 kg GVWR
Authors:   Brake Dynamometer Standards Committee
Published: May 2024

This document derives from the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS) 105 and 135 vehicle test protocols as single-ended inertia-dynamometer test procedures. The test sequences enable brake output measurement, friction material effectiveness, and corner performance in a controlled and repeatable environment. This SAE Document also includes optional sections for parking brake output performance for rear brakes with hydraulic or Electric Park Brakes (EPB). It applies to brake corners from vehicles covered by the FMVSS 105 and 135 when using the appropriate brake hardware and test parameters. The FMVSS 135 applies to all passenger cars and light trucks up to 3500 kg of gross vehicle weight (GVWR). The FMVSS 105 applies to all passenger cars, multi-purpose vehicles, buses, and trucks above 3500 kg of GVWR. This document does not include testing for school bus applications or vehicles equipped with hydraulic brakes with a GVWR above 4540 kg.

This document does not evaluate or quantify other brake system characteristics such as wear, noise, judder, ABS performance, or braking under extreme temperatures or speeds. This document does not include minimum performance requirements. Consistency and margin of pass/fail of the minimum requirements related to stopping distance or equivalent deceleration levels of the FMVSS 105 or FMVSS 135 vehicle test can be assessed as part of the project in coordination with the test requestor when using the appropriate vehicle information and vehicle dynamics modeling. Nevertheless, this procedure and its results do not replace the vehicle-level test to demonstrate compliance with FMVSS for hydraulic brake systems or other mandatory regulations (e.g., ECE R13H or ECE R13).

Towing and trailering applications are not part of this document and require a separate assessment per SAE J2807.
Custo, tempo e precisão: uma otimização do inventário florestal pré-corte em um povoamento de eucalipto
Authors: Pinto Luiz Otávio Rodrigues , Dantas Daniel , Terra Marcela de Castro Nunes Santos , Mello José Márcio de , Cabacinha Christian Dias
Published: May 2024

O inventário florestal constitui uma prática fundamental para quantificar e qualificar o potencial de uma floresta. Intensidade de amostragem, tamanho e forma das parcelas são pontos relevantes no planejamento dessa atividade, pois afetam diretamente os custos e tempo de coleta de dados, além de influenciar na sua precisão. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar, em termos de precisão, custos e tempo, a utilização de diferentes tamanhos, formas e arranjos de parcelas amostrais na realização do inventário florestal pré-corte de Eucalyptus spp. A pesquisa foi realizada em uma fazenda no norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil, onde foram realizados o censo florestal e a cubagem rigorosa. Foram considerados 16 cenários: dois processos de amostragem (amostragem sistemática e amostragem casual simples), quatro tamanhos de parcela (200, 300, 400 e 500m²) e duas formas (circular e retangular). A intensidade amostral foi fixada em 5 parcelas para todos os cenários. Realizou-se 10.000 simulações pelo método de Monte Carlo, verificando a probabilidade de os valores estarem próximos Ã  média. A análise combinada entre erro, custos e tempo de medição apontou que, para um plantio de eucalipto aos 8 anos de idade, a amostragem casual, com parcelas circulares de 300m² representa o cenário amostral ótimo.
Jurisdictional convergence, remedial divergence: parallel post-Brexit merger reviews
Authors: Best Christopher
Published: May 2024

The UK’s departure from the EU’s competition regime in 2020 introduced the prospect of parallel CMA-Commission reviews. However, the risk of divergence between the two authorities has achieved new prominence as a result of the controversy surrounding the reviews of Microsoft’s acquisition of video gaming company Activision Blizzard, which the CMA initially prohibited, in sharp contrast to the Commission’s decision to accept behavioural remedies. Against this background, this article considers what lessons can be drawn from the parallel reviews in the first three years following the end of the transition period. It concludes that while divergence of some form can be seen in a significant number of cases, consistent outcomes remain the most common result, with apparent variances sometimes explained by differences in market conditions as between the UK and the EU.
Latest developments in anti-cartel enforcement in the European Union (June 2022–September 2023)
Authors: Ysewyn Johan , Van Schoorisse Melissa , Ali Rolf
Published: May 2024

This article summarizes last year’s developments in anti-cartel enforcement by the European Commission as well as a number of selected key judgments by the EU Courts. It covers the period from June 2022 to September 2023. As in past editions, we have classified the most relevant cases by theme, starting with a general summary of the European Commission’s recent anti-cartel enforcement activity, followed by issues surrounding the European Commission’s leniency programme. It proceeds with procedural, substantive, and fining issues addressed by the Court of Justice of the European Union in the relevant time frame.
Kształtowanie się zasobu audiowizualnego w Archiwum Sejmu
Authors: Bednarczyk Dorota
Published: May 2024

The aim of the article is to present the audiovisual resource of the Sejm Archives in relation to audio and video session recordings of the Sejm and its bodies. The key aspects of the discussed topic concern the decision-making processes and legislative activities that, over the past several decades, accompanied the creation, collection and archiving of the records mentioned above. Another important issue is digitization of analog recordings and problems of technical, legislative (i.e., regarding copyright protection) and economic nature related to it. The article also reveals the role of the Sejm Library and Sejm Archives, both in terms of storing and recording the materials in question, as well as their creation and digitization.
O Ryszardzie Przelaskowskim (1903-1971) z powodu 50. rocznicy jego śmierci
Authors: Chorążyczewski Waldemar
Published: May 2024

The commencement of a series of lectures in 2022 under the name “Konarski Lecture” as well as the reedition of the Polish-English version of Kazimierz Konarski’s textbook “Modern Polish Archival Science and its Purpose” raise the question about the continuation of commemorating prominent Polish archivists. One of the figures worth paying attention to is Ryszard Przelaskowski (1903-1971), the author of “Schedule of Internal Work in Modern Archives” (1935), which was translated into English already in 1940. Ryszard Przelaskowski’s transition in 1939 from working in the archive to working in the library resulted in a change in his research interests. Przelaskowski left a series of essays in the field of librarianship in which he pointed out the connections and similarities between archival science, library science and museology as information sciences. The author of this article, in a dissertation published in 2010, drew attention to Przelaskowski’s pioneering approach in this area. Later, in-depth studies by Klaudia Leśniewska (Jędrzejewska) and Monika Cołbecka confirmed this thesis. The author postulates the need to develop a comprehensive scientific monograph of Ryszard Przelaskowski’s scientific and professional activity. This is particularly important in the era of a renewed sense of fundamental unity among archives, libraries and museums, as well as the need to include this unity in scientific theory.