bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bioactive Molecules, Ethnomedicinal Uses, Toxicology, and Pharmacology of Peltophorum africanum Sond (Fabaceae): Systematic Review
Authors: Mongalo Nkoana I. , Raletsena Maropeng V.
Published: January 2025

Plants have long been used to treat serious illnesses in both humans and animals. A significant underappreciated medicinal tree, Peltophorum africanum Sond is utilized by many different ethnic groups to cure a wide range of illnesses. A variety of electronic databases, including ScienceDirect, Scopus, Scielo, Scifinder, PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, and Google Scholar, were used to search the literature on P. africanum, using key words such as uses, survey, pharmacology, antigonococcal, toxicity, phytochemistry and others. Further data was obtained from several scholarly theses, dissertations, and books on general plant sciences, ethnomedicine, and other pertinent ethnobotanical topics. The plant species possess very important pharmacological activities in vitro, which includes antimicrobial, anti-HIV, antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, and other activities. Phytochemically, the plant possesses various classes of compounds, dominated by flavonols, which may well explain its wider range of pharmacological activities. Although the plant is promising anti-HIV activity, the mode of action and safety profiles of the plant also need to be explored as its extracts exerted some degree of mutagenicity. It is also important to further explore its ethnoveterinary use against a plethora of nematodes that infects both wild and domestic animals. Given its potent pharmacological activity, the further in vivo studies need to be explored to ascertain the comprehensive toxicology of the plant species, thereby developing possible medications. The plant species may further be elevated to a potent pharmaceutical product against plethora of infections.
Phytoremediation of Oil-Contaminated Soil by Tagetes erecta L. Combined with Biochar and Microbial Agent
Authors: Fang Xin , Zheng Pufan , Wang Haomin , Wang Kefan , Shi Cong , Shi Fuchen
Published: January 2025

Crude oil pollution of soil is an important issue that has serious effects on both the environment and human health. Phytoremediation is a promising approach to cleaning up oil-contaminated soil. In order to facilitate phytoremediation effects for oil-contaminated soil, this study set up a pot experiment to explore the co-application potentiality of Tagetes erecta L. with two other methods: microbial agent and biochar. Results showed that the greatest total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) biodegradation (76.60%) occurred in the soil treated with T. erecta, a microbial agent, and biochar; the highest biomass and root activity also occurred in this treatment.GC-MS analysis showed that petroleum hydrocarbon components in the range from C10 to C40 all reduced in different treatments, and intermediate-chain alkanes were preferred by our bioremediation methods. Compared with the treatments with biochar, the chlorophyll fluorescence parameter NPQ_Lss and plant antioxidant enzyme activities significantly decreased in the treatments applied with the microbial agent, while soil enzyme activities, especially oxidoreductase activities, significantly increased. Although the correlation between biochar and most plant growth and soil enzyme activity indicators was not significant in this study, the interaction effect analysis found a synergistic effect between microbial agents and biochar. Overall, this study suggests the co-addition of microbial agents and biochar as an excellent method to improve the phytoremediation effects of oil-contaminated soil and enhances our understanding of the inner mechanism.
A Systematic Study of the Structural Properties of Technical Lignins
Authors: Tosin Keiti Gilioli , Finimundi Noriê , Poletto Matheus
Published: January 2025

Technical lignins are globally available and a sustainable feedstock. The unique properties of technical lignins suggest that these materials should have several industrial applications. The main proposal of this study is to evaluate the relationship between the structure and properties of two technical lignins. Morphological, chemical, physical, and thermal properties of sodium lignosulfonate (LGNa) and magnesium lignosulfonate (LGMg) were investigated. The results showed that a higher formation of intramolecular hydrogen bonds may occur in lignins with a higher content of phenolic hydroxyl groups, such as LGMg. As a result, an increase in the energy of hydrogen bonds in the lignosulfonate structure was observed, without significant change in the hydrogen bond distances. In addition, higher content of phenolic hydroxyl groups might also reduce lignosulfonates thermal stability. The combustion index value was three times higher for LGMg than for LGNa. The characterization study also revealed that phenolic hydroxyl groups influence the main properties of technical lignins and can be a determining factor when these lignosulfonates are used in industrial applications.
Improving Sensitivity and Resolution of Dendrimer Identification in MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Using Varied Matrix Combinations
Authors: Sanhueza Claudia , Dias Nathalia Baptista , Vergara Daniela , Silva Lisette , Chávez-Ángel Emigdio , Castro-Alvarez Alejandro
Published: January 2025

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is a well-known technique for polymer analysis, particularly for determining the molecular weight and structural details of dendrimers. In this study, we evaluated the performance of various matrices, such as 2′,4′,6′-trihydroxyacetophenone (THAP), α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (HCCA), and sinapinic acid (SA), and their combinations, on the sensitivity and resolution of poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers of different generations (G3.0, G4.0, and G5.0). Our results demonstrated that the combination of HCCA-THAP significantly enhanced spectral resolution and peak intensity compared to individual matrices, particularly for higher-generation dendrimers. This improvement is attributed to the better ionization efficiency achieved with the combined matrices. These findings provide critical insights into optimizing MALDI-TOF MS for the accurate characterization of complex polymers, with potential applications in drug delivery and nanotechnology.
Determinants of South African Asset Market Co-Movement: Evidence from Investor Sentiment and Changing Market Conditions
Authors: Moodley Fabian , Ferreira-Schenk Sune , Matlhaku Kago
Published: January 2025

The co-movement of multi-asset markets in emerging markets has become an important determinant for investors seeking diversified portfolios and enhanced portfolio returns. Despite this, studies have failed to examine the determinants of the co-movement of multi-asset markets such as investor sentiment and changing market conditions. Accordingly, this study investigates the effect of investor sentiment on the co-movement of South African multi-asset markets by introducing alternating market conditions. The Markov regime-switching autoregressive (MS-AR) model and Markov regime-switching vector autoregressive (MS-VAR) model impulse response function are used from 2007 March to January 2024. The findings indicate that investor sentiment has a time-varying and regime-specific effect on the co-movement of South African multi-asset markets. In a bull market condition, investor sentiment positively affects the equity–bond and equity–gold co-movement. In the bear market condition, investor sentiment has a negative and significant effect on the equity–bond, equity–property, bond–gold, and bond–property co-movement. Similarly, in a bull regime, the co-movement of South African multi-asset markets positively responds to sentiment shocks, although this is only observed in the short term. However, in the bear market regime, the co-movement of South African multi-asset markets responds positively and negatively to sentiment shocks, despite this being observed in the long run. These observations provide interesting insights to policymakers, investors, and fund managers for portfolio diversification and risk management strategies. That being, the current policies are not robust enough to reduce asset market integration and reduce sentiment-induced markets. Consequently, policymakers must re-examine and amend current policies according to the findings of the study. In addition, portfolio rebalancing in line with the findings of this study is essential for portfolio diversification.
An Imaging Method for Marine Targets in Corner Reflector Jamming Scenario Based on Time–Frequency Analysis and Modified Clean Technique
Authors: Chen Changhong , Liu Wenkang , Gao Yuexin , Cui Lei , Chen Quan , Fu Jixiang , Xing Mengdao
Published: January 2025

In the corner reflector jamming scenario, the ship target and the corner reflector array have different degrees of defocusing in the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image due to their complex motions, which is unfavorable to the subsequent target recognition. In this manuscript, we propose an imaging method for marine targets based on time–frequency analysis with the modified Clean technique. Firstly, the motion models of the ship target and the corner reflector array are established, and the characteristics of their Doppler parameter distribution are analyzed. Then, the Chirp Rate–Quadratic Chirp Rate Distribution (CR-QCRD) algorithm is utilized to estimate the Doppler parameters. To address the challenges posed by the aggregated scattering points of the ship target and the overlapping Doppler histories of the corner reflector array, the Clean technique is modified by short-time Fourier transform (STFT) filtering and amplitude–phase distortion correction using fractional Fourier transform (FrFT) filtering. This modification aims to improve the accuracy and efficiency of extracting scattering point components. Thirdly, in response to the poor universality of the traditional Clean iterative termination condition, the kurtosis of the residual signal spectrum amplitude is adopted as the new iterative termination condition. Compared with the existing imaging methods, the proposed method can adapt to the different Doppler distribution characteristics of the ship target and the corner reflector array, thus realizing better robustness in obtaining a well-focused target image. Finally, simulation experiments verify the effectiveness of the algorithm.
A Measurement Approach for Characterizing Temperature-Related Emissivity Variability in High-Emissivity Materials
Authors: Cosoli Gloria , Chiariotti Paolo , García-Baños Beatriz , Pandarese Giuseppe , Peñaranda-Foix Felipe L. , Revel Gian Marco
Published: January 2025

The effective knowledge of emissivity is pivotal to obtain reliable temperature measurements through non-contact techniques like pyrometry and thermal imaging. This is fundamental in high-temperature applications since material emissivity strongly depends on temperature conditions. Given the recent attention in high-temperature applications, especially for replacing fossil-fuel-dependent heating with greener solutions in energy-intensive processes, renewed interest in characterizing materials radiant properties rose. This work presents a measurement procedure for characterizing the total emissivity of high-emissivity materials exploiting microwaves for heating the test material. The procedure grounds on a sequential approach, using a reference material of known emissivity (e.g., high-emissivity coating, already characterized sample holder, etc.) to derive the target material total emissivity. Uncertainty analysis is performed to provide a metrological characterization of the approach. The procedure is validated on target materials of known emissivity, focusing on high-emissivity materials commonly employed in microwave heating processes. Results are compatible with reference literature and material datasheets, demonstrating the validity of the proposed approach.
A Deep-Learning Method for Remaining Useful Life Prediction of Power Machinery via Dual-Attention Mechanism
Authors: Wang Fan , Liu Aihua , Qu Chunyang , Xiong Ruolan , Chen Lu
Published: January 2025

Remaining useful life (RUL) prediction is a cornerstone of Prognostic and Health Management (PHM) for power machinery, playing a crucial role in ensuring the reliability and safety of these critical systems. In recent years, deep learning techniques have shown great promise in RUL prediction, providing more reliable and accurate outcomes. However, existing models often struggle with comprehensive feature extraction, especially in capturing the complex behavior of power machinery, where non-linear degradation patterns arise under varying operational conditions. To tackle this limitation, we propose a multi-feature fusion model leveraging a dual-attention mechanism. Initially, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and channel attention mechanisms are employed to preliminarily extract spatial features. Subsequently, a layer combining a Gate Recurrent Unit (GRU) and self-attention mechanisms is used to further extract and integrate temporal features. Finally, RUL values are predicted via regression. The effectiveness of the proposed method was validated on C-MAPSS datasets, and its superior performance in RUL prediction was demonstrated through comparative analysis with other methods.
An Approach to Fall Detection Using Statistical Distributions of Thermal Signatures Obtained by a Stand-Alone Low-Resolution IR Array Sensor Device
Authors: Newaz Nishat Tasnim , Hanada Eisuke
Published: January 2025

Infrared array sensor-based fall detection and activity recognition systems have gained momentum as promising solutions for enhancing healthcare monitoring and safety in various environments. Unlike camera-based systems, which can be privacy-intrusive, IR array sensors offer a non-invasive, reliable approach for fall detection and activity recognition while preserving privacy. This work proposes a novel method to distinguish between normal motion and fall incidents by analyzing thermal patterns captured by infrared array sensors. Data were collected from two subjects who performed a range of activities of daily living, including sitting, standing, walking, and falling. Data for each state were collected over multiple trials and extended periods to ensure robustness and variability in the measurements. The collected thermal data were compared with multiple statistical distributions using Earth Mover’s Distance. Experimental results showed that normal activities exhibited low EMD values with Beta and Normal distributions, suggesting that these distributions closely matched the thermal patterns associated with regular movements. Conversely, fall events exhibited high EMD values, indicating greater variability in thermal signatures. The system was implemented using a Raspberry Pi-based stand-alone device that provides a cost-effective solution without the need for additional computational devices. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of using IR array sensors for non-invasive, real-time fall detection and activity recognition, which offer significant potential for improving healthcare monitoring and ensuring the safety of fall-prone individuals.
Nanogrids in Modern Power Systems: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Einabadi Nasrin , Kazerani Mehrdad
Published: January 2025

Nanogrids are becoming an essential part of modern home power systems, offering sustainable solutions for residential areas. These medium-to-low voltage, small-scale grids, operating at medium-to-low voltage, enable the integration of distributed energy resources such as wind turbines, solar photovoltaics, and battery energy storage systems. However, ensuring power quality, stability, and effective energy management remains a challenge due to the variability of renewable energy sources and evolving customer demands, including the increasing charging load of electric vehicles. This paper reviews the current research on nanogrid architecture, functionality in low-voltage distribution systems, energy management, and control systems. It also explores power-sharing strategies among nanogrids within a microgrid framework, focusing on their potential for supplying off-grid areas. Additionally, the application of blockchain technology in providing secure and decentralized energy trading transactions is explored. Potential challenges in future developments of nanogrids are also discussed.
Neural Network for AI-Driven Prediction of Larval Protein Yield: Establishing the Protein Conversion Index (PCI) for Sustainable Insect Farming
Authors: Vargas-Serna Claudia L. , Pineda-Osorio Angie N. , Gomez-Velasco Carlos A. , Plaza-Dorado Jose Luis , Ochoa-Martinez Claudia I.
Published: January 2025

The predictive capabilities of artificial intelligence for predicting protein yield from larval biomass present valuable advancements for sustainable insect farming, an increasingly relevant alternative protein source. This study develops a neural network model to predict protein conversion efficiency based on the nutritional composition of larval feed. The model utilizes a structured two-layer neural network with four neurons in each hidden layer and one output neuron, employing logistic sigmoid functions in the hidden layers and a linear function in the output layer. Training is performed via Bayesian regularization backpropagation to minimize mean squared error, resulting in a high regression coefficient (R = 0.9973) and a low mean-squared error (MSE = 0.0072401), confirming the precision of the model in estimating protein yields. This AI-driven approach serves as a robust tool for predicting larval protein yields, enhancing resource efficiency and promoting sustainability in insect-based protein production.
Advancing Cities’ Sustainability: Exploring the Effects of Interaction on the Public’s Perceived Efficacy of Emergency Infrastructure Projects—A Psychological Distance Perspective
Authors: Cui Caiyun , Xie Linzhi , Liu Yong , Han Xiaowei , Chen Qing , Xia Bo , Skitmore Martin
Published: January 2025

Considering that emergency infrastructure projects (EIPs) play a significant role in the response to urgent events globally, the public’s perceived efficacy with respect to EIPs has become increasingly critical guidance for infrastructure systems and advancing cities’ sustainability. The interactions between the public and governments are deemed to be instrumental in enhancing the perceived efficacy. Concurrently, psychological distance, which can influence individuals’ thoughts and behaviors, is seen as a beneficial method of boosting the public’s perception of the effectiveness of EIPs. However, the underlying mechanism linking interaction, psychological distance, and perceived efficacy in relation to EIPs remains largely unexplored. In the current study, a theoretical framework was established through a literature review, leading to the formulation of four hypotheses. These hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling based on data collected from a questionnaire survey of 337 residents regarding Leishenshan Hospital. The findings indicate that, firstly, interaction directly affects the public’s psychological distance and perceived efficacy. Secondly, the public’s psychological distance from EIPs directly affects the public’s perceived efficacy. Thirdly, the public’s psychological distance from EIPs plays a mediating role between interaction and perceived efficacy. These findings enhance the theoretical understanding of Environmental Innovation Policy (EIP) governance, aiming to maximize public welfare by effectively addressing unexpected crisis events and promoting the sustainable development of cities and society.
Adoption of Orange-Fleshed Sweetpotato (OFSP) Technologies in Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Tenaye Anbes , Gebeyehu Setegn , Cherinet Mihiretu
Published: January 2025

Addressing malnutrition and vitamin A deficiency in Ethiopia necessitates innovative, food-based solutions such as biofortified crops. This study assesses the adoption rates of Orange-Fleshed Sweetpotato (OFSP) and examines the factors influencing adoption among project participants, non-participants, and counterfactual households in the former Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples’ (SNNPs) region. Primary data were collected in 2023 through a survey of 990 households across six districts, and logistic regression was employed to identify key determinants of adoption. The findings reveal OFSP adoption rates of 53% among participants, 56% among non-participants, and 42% among counterfactual households, with significant variation across regions. Factors positively influencing adoption include household education, proximity to health centers and OFSP multiplication sites, frequent extension contact, and access to agricultural services. This study underscores the potential of newly released OFSP varieties to enhance food security and resilience in malnutrition-prone areas. The comparable adoption rates between participants and non-participants highlight significant spillover effects from long-term interventions, suggesting widespread community benefits. However, the limited adoption of complementary OFSP package components points to the need for enhanced training programs and streamlined technology dissemination strategies. These findings contribute to understanding how biofortified crops can be scaled effectively to improve food security and nutrition, offering valuable insights for policy and program design.
A Study on the Assessment of Tour–Art–Learning Quality in Urban Parks from a Child-Friendly Perspective: A Case Study of Shaheyuan Park in Chengdu
Authors: Liu Wei , Wang Wei
Published: January 2025

Children are the future of society, and their well-being is vital for sustainable urban development. Chengdu, as the birthplace of the “Park City” concept, has actively integrated child-friendly principles into its urban model. In 2022, the “Implementation Plan for Building a Child-Friendly City in Chengdu” was launched, aiming to establish Chengdu as a leading national model. Since 2023, the city has leveraged its ecological strengths to promote “child-friendly happiness spaces”, providing children with ample recreational and developmental opportunities within its “Park City” framework. Analyzing urban park construction in Chengdu from a child-friendly perspective is significant not only for promoting children’s growth and urban development but also for providing valuable references for the development of child-friendly urban parks. Guided by the concept of “Tour–Art–Learning”, which focuses on creating outdoor recreational spaces suitable for children, this study establishes a quality assessment framework for urban parks from a child-friendly perspective. Based on survey data collected from Chengdu’s Shaheyuan Park using the Photo Elicitation Interview (PEI) method and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology, the analytic hierarchy process–fuzzy comprehensive assessment (AHP-FCE) model is applied to evaluate the park’s Tour–Art–Learning quality. The results show that while the park demonstrates high overall quality, there are deficiencies in cultural aesthetics and learning activity carrying capacity and significant room for improvement in site accessibility. This study systematically evaluates the child friendliness of Shaheyuan Park and proposes strategies for improving its Tour–Art–Learning quality, offering new theoretical perspectives and practical pathways for urban park construction and the development of child-friendly cities.
Scientific Literacy to Address Sustainability: A Study on Deep-Sea Mining Education with Adolescents from a Social Care Institution
Authors: Paz Marta , Vasconcelos Clara
Published: January 2025

Pursuing sustainable development is increasingly urgent due to resource depletion and environmental degradation, compounded by the need for a green energy transition requiring significant mineral resources. Traditional mining practices result in several environmental impacts, prompting the exploration of alternatives, like mining the ocean floor. This method offers a potentially less invasive way to obtain critical minerals. Notwithstanding, our understanding of the ocean ecosystem, which is crucial to Earth’s life support system, is still too limited. This study aimed to assess an educational intervention on sea mining for polymetallic nodules while improving scientific literacy and system thinking and supporting Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 4, 13, and 14. A pre-/post-intervention design was implemented with 17 adolescents (aged 12–16 years) from an underprivileged non-formal context. The mixed-methods approach involved role-playing and modelling activities focused on the question: “Do you agree with mining polymetallic nodules in deep-sea waters”? The Wilcoxon test revealed that the intervention changed participants’ opinions about the theme, showing a statistically significant difference in student responses before and after the intervention (Z = −2.165; p = 0.030). A content analysis showed enhanced argumentation, understanding of Earth’s subsystems, and decision-making abilities. These findings suggest that the educational resource positively impacted students’ scientific literacy on the topic. This approach can be extended to other contexts and inform future investigations.
Carbon Emissions from Food Consumption and Reduction Potential in Urban Residents: A Case Study of Provincial Capitals in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yellow River
Authors: Li Guomin , Fu Hao , Li Wei , Tan Shizheng , Xie Wenjie , Zhao Changjie , Wang Yaqi
Published: January 2025

Existing studies have established reliable methods for estimating carbon emissions from food consumption, yet there remains a lack of quantitative analysis on the decarbonization effects of energy transition and resource recycling. This study integrates lifecycle analysis and scenario analysis, based on data from 2006 to 2020, to conduct an empirical investigation of four provincial capital cities (Zhengzhou, Xi’an, Jinan, and Taiyuan) in the lower and middle reaches of the Yellow River, exploring the potential for reducing carbon emissions from food consumption and examining the driving effects of energy transition and resource recycling. The results indicate the following: (1) Per capita carbon emissions from food consumption decreased after 2016. (2) Incineration for power generation has a significantly higher carbon reduction effect than landfilling. The proportion of carbon emissions from food waste disposal decreased from 20% to around 6%, with the decarbonization potential of recycling transformation being 8.8%, 8.3%, 11.5%, and 14.4% in Zhengzhou, Xi’an, Jinan, and Taiyuan, respectively. Our findings suggest that promoting the widespread adoption of new-energy vehicles, increasing the share of renewable energy in power generation, optimizing food recycling technologies, and reducing food waste are crucial for achieving future reductions in carbon emissions from urban food consumption. The proposed methodology for assessing carbon emissions and reduction potential in food consumption can also be applied to other regions with varying geographical, economic, and policy contexts.
Assessing Radiological Risks of Natural Radionuclides on Sustainable Campus Environment
Authors: Huang Wei-Hsiang , Chen Zhi-Mou , Chen Ting-Chien , Yeh Yi-Lung
Published: January 2025

Soil samples were collected from a college campus in Taiwan to measure the levels of radionuclides, contributing to the sustainable management of campus environments. A high-resolution HPGe gamma spectrometry system was utilized to measure the activity concentrations of natural radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th, and 40K) and artificial radionuclide (137Cs). The activity concentrations of 137Cs were not detected in the campus soils, suggesting that artificial radionuclides did not contaminate the soil, supporting sustainable soil quality. However, the average concentrations of 232Th and 40K with mean values of 53.4 ± 5.1 and 504.5 ± 75.4 Bq/kg dw were higher than the global soil average of 45 and 420 Bq/kg dw, respectively. Meanwhile, the average concentration of 226Ra with a mean value of 30.1 ± 3.0 Bq/kg dw was similar to the global soil average of 32 Bq/kg. The average outdoor absorbed gamma dose rate (Dex) and annual effective doses (AEDex), with a mean of 67.2 nGy/h and 82.4 μSv/y, were found to be higher than the average world levels of 57 nGy/h and 70 μSv/y, respectively. Despite these findings, the radium equivalent activity Raeq and external hazard index Hex, with average values of 145.2 Bq/kg and 0.39, respectively, were below the recommended limit values of 370 Bq/kg and 1.0, respectively. This study provides useful information on the background radioactivity of the study campus, which is crucial for developing sustainable strategies to ensure a safe and healthy environment, indicating that there are no radiological hazards in the soil.
Fabrication of MoS2@Fe3O4 Magnetic Catalysts with Photo-Fenton Reaction for Enhancing Tetracycline Degradation
Authors: Liu Zong-Lai , Sun Jia-Hong , Liu Bing , Chen Ya-Nan , Feng Wei
Published: January 2025

Tetracycline (TCs) is widely used in the treatment of human and animal infectious disease. TCs gives rise to a growing threat to the human health and environment protection due to its overuse. Therefore, it is important to remove TCs contaminants from waste effluents. In this work, MoS2@Fe3O4 catalytic material was fabricated by the simple hydrothermal method, which was applied in the photo-Fenton system to degrade TCs. The crystal structure, surface morphology, elemental composition, chemical state, electrochemical properties, and separability of MoS2@Fe3O4 catalytic materials were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), conventional and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM/HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). Furthermore, MoS2@Fe3O4 could degrade 98.6% of TCs within 60 min under the optimum reaction conditions (the catalyst dosage of 3 g/L, H2O2 concentration of 5 mmol/L, the initial TCs concentration of 50 mg/L, and the initial pH of 5), which was a significant increase compared with pure Fe3O4. MoS2 can accelerate the Fe3+/Fe2+ cycle through electron transfer from Mo4+ to Fe3+, resulting in the improvement in the degradation efficiency of TCs. The quenching and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) results showed that OH• and photogenic hole h+ was the main active species in the photo-Fenton system. What is more, MoS2@Fe3O4 catalytic materials had remarkable stability and reusability, and can be handily regained via magnetic separation technology in a real scenario.
Glucose as a Metabolic Enhancer: Promoting Nonylphenol Detoxification by Chlorella pyrenoidosa
Authors: Yuan Jinrui , Zhao Lin , Li Yanting , Xing Guodong , Chen Danning , Yang Yongkui
Published: January 2025

The environmental treatment of endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) has attracted significant attention. Nonylphenol (NP), a highly toxic EDC with widespread distribution, presents an urgent challenge requiring effective removal strategies. Although microalgae-based treatments offer environmentally friendly and cost-effective solutions, the high toxicity level of NP impedes this process. Analysis was conducted on cell biomass, cell morphology, extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs), and the degradation of nonylphenol in Chlorella pyrenoidosa treated with nonylphenol and glucose. Glucose restored the algal biomass to 2.23 times its original level, reduced cellular damage, and maintained normal physiological activities. Glucose also stimulated algal metabolism and promoted the secretion of EPSs. The polysaccharide content of soluble EPSs (S-EPSs) increased by 32.7%, whereas that of the bound EPSs (B-EPSs) increased by 55.5%. The three-dimensional excitation–emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy of B-EPS indicated that glucose enhanced tryptophan secretion. Glucose showed great potential as a biostimulant to enhance NP bioremediation efficiency in aquatic ecosystems. This finding indicates that the nonylphenol remediation of wastewater can be integrated with microalgal biomass recovery, creating opportunities for revenue generation.
Low friction counter-piston engine for small mechanization equipment
Authors:   Department Tractors and Automobiles, Russian State Agrarian University — Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Fedotkin R. S. , Anashin D. V. ,   Department Tractors and Automobiles, Russian State Agrarian University — Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Dudin D. M. ,   Department Tractors and Automobiles, Russian State Agrarian University — Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy
Published: January 2025

The article presents a rationale for the parameters and operating modes of a hybrid
counter-piston engine. It addresses the challenges of conventional four-stroke engines and proposes a counter-piston motion scheme for internal combustion engines designed for agricultural self-propelled
machinery, such as motor cultivators, lawnmowers, snow blowers, and similar equipment. Additionally,
the article examines the production process of these engines and explores design optimization options
to reduce manufacturing time.
Using a 3D system for control of parts during repairs
Authors:   All-Russian institute of agricultural mechanization, Gerasimov V. S. , Tishaninov I. A. ,   All-Russian institute of agricultural mechanization, Solomashkin A. A. ,   All-Russian institute of agricultural mechanization, Gradov E. A. ,   All-Russian institute of agricultural mechanization
Published: January 2025

The development of scientifi c hypotheses and approaches to improving the strategy for
maintenance and repair of agricultural machinery is one of the current areas in the agro-industrial
complex, as it is of paramount importance in the technical support of the machine and tractor fl eet
throughout the entire life cycle of machines. Research of methods and means of monitoring parts
of automotive and tractor internal combustion engines during defect detection and repair with the
development of an automated interactive system with software for monitoring these parameters, using
the example of a connecting rod of the K-744 tractor engine.
Rhegion um 400 v. Chr
Authors: Boehringer Christof
Published: January 2025

L’article propose une nouvelle hypothèse de datation de la première série de monnaies en argent à la tête d’Apollon de Rhégion (aujourd’hui Reggio de Calabre). Deux trésors importants et donc significatifs (Schisò 1852 et Ognina 1923) attestent que le type n’y a été introduit que vers 400 av. J.-C., lorsque Denys I er de Syracuse détruisit la plus ancienne colonie grecque de Sicile, Naxos. Il est avéré que la série cessa d’être frappée en 387 av. J.-C., au moment de la prise de Rhégion par Denys. La nouvelle datation de son introduction apporte un éclairage intéressant sur les raisons de l’adoption du type par Rhégion.
Le trésor de solidi byzantins de Thuburbo Maius (Henchir El Kasbat, Tunisie, 1924)
Authors: Ben Slimène Benabbès Hanène
Published: January 2025

A hoard of early 7 th century solidi was found during excavations in 1924 at Henchir El Kasbat (Thuburbo Maius ), in the ancient province of Proconsularis (Tunisia). The hoard includes 151 globular solidi of Heraclius (type II), many of them die-linked, coming all from the mint of Carthage. It reflects the predominance of the Carthaginian solidi in the local monetary circulation in the early 7 th century. It probably constitutes a savings hoard buried ca. 632/633.
THE NEEDS OF COMPETENCY ASSESSMENT IN STEM EDUCATION: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Ng Chee Hoe , Adnan Mazlini
Published: January 2025

STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) education has become a major educational program in most developing countries to provide talented workforces for economic development. In developing future workforces, the need for competency assessments in STEM education has become a major concern, and the way of implementing the assessment has also been discussed for over a decade. Competency assessment in STEM education is essential to ensuring students possess the knowledge, STEM skills, and attitudes in the STEM field. In this paper, a systematic literature review used the PRISMA framework to evaluate the need for competency assessment, synthesize current research on assessment in STEM education, and identify the prevalent assessment methods, challenges, and best practices. Following the PRISMA guidelines, a review across Scopus, Emerald, Science Direct, and Springer Link databases was screened based on the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The findings found that most indicated mono-disciplined standardized assessments, project-based assessments, 21st-century skills, and interest in the mono-disciplinary. This finding highlights the urgent need for a competency assessment model in STEM education by improving the effectiveness of competency assessment to enhance STEM education outcomes.
NEEDS ANALYSIS OF DORAYAKI MODULE FOR YEAR FOUR FRACTION
Authors: Lee Mei Chew , Abdullah Mohd Faizal Nizam Lee
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to evaluate the needs to develop Dorayaki Module for Year Four pupils in primary schools. Quantitative study which is survey method was applied in the data collection. The respondents in this study were 320 Year Four mathematics teachers in Selangor state. The instrument used was needs analysis instrument for Dorayaki Module. Results show that teacher’s knowledge towards characteristics of pupils in learning mathematics is high (M = 3.63, SD = 0.815). Teacher’s perception towards self-competency in teaching mathematics is also high (M = 3.94, SD = 0.640). The findings show that 89.6% mathematics teachers stated there is a need for Dorayaki Module and like to use this module when teaching. Result also shows that teachers agreed with the content of module to be developed (M = 4.15, SD = 0.722). As a conclusion, the needs to develop Dorayaki Module has been identified. The study implicated that teachers must be able improve pupil’s skills in mastery the concept and thinking skills in the topic of Fraction.
THE LEVEL OF COGNITIVE PROCESS OF SPECIAL REMEDIAL PUPILS IN PROBLEM SOLVING OF SUBTRACTION WITHIN 100 IN KANOWIT DISTRICT, SARAWAK THROUGH HERMENEUTIC METHODS
Authors: Nyalu Julia , Nachiappan Suppiah , Shuib Tajul Rosli
Published: January 2025

This study analyzes the level of cognition of special remedial pupils in problem solving of subtraction within 100 by identifying the level of cognition that can be achieved based on the Thinking Skills Matrix in the Malaysian Curriculum and explores the cognition process that affects the quality of answers using an observation checklist. A qualitative approach through the Hermeneutic method is used in this study. The selection of research subjects was carried out by sampling involving 12 special remedial pupils who followed Mathematical Remedial learning in six national schools in Kanowit district, Sarawak. The text studied is based on scripted answers to a set of basic mathematical operations problem-solving questions and transcriptions of observation checklists. The findings of the study show the existence of a cognitive process level of the category of remembering, understanding, applying and analyzing in the writing of solutions to the subtraction operation problem in the range of 100. The achievement for a high level of the cognitive process is the category of analyzing Level IV which is to deeply analyze something in a complex situation to make the conclusion has affected the quality of writing answers. This study has implications for special remedial students in solving operations problems around 100 and the ability of teachers to identify the level of students' cognitive processes through solving basic mathematical operations problems so that they can help students improve their cognition processes more effectively.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRONIC TOPIC MODULE WITH INTEGRATED 2D SIMULATION AND AUGMENTED REALITY APPLICATION: MODULE VALIDITY
Authors: Jafini Mohd Hamizan , Mat Nashir Irdayanti , Abu Bakar Ahmad Zulhairie , Ayub Nurhan , Yusof Yusmahnizam
Published: January 2025

The evolution of education has significantly transformed Teaching and Learning (T&L) sessions through the integration of technologies and digital tools, offering students new learning opportunities. This shift has led to changes in Malaysia’s educational curriculum, particularly in technical and vocational subjects. Design and Technology (D&T), a new subject introduced to replace Integrated Life Skills. Research shows that the electronics topic in D&T is particularly challenging, making it difficult for students to achieve their highest mastery levels as outlined in the Curriculum Standard and Assessment Documentation (DSKP). Both teachers and students often struggle with completing electronic projects due to limited technical skills and students’ poor visualization abilities. This study aims to validate the module validity in electronic topic module. The research adopts a quantitative research design with Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation (ADDIE) model approach, emphasizing the implementation phase. The module validity will be evaluated by nine experts in D&T and Technical and Vocational field. The study of the data will be analyzed by using the Content Validity Index (CVI). The results show that some items have a minimum CVI value of 0.78, and the S-CVI value is also 0.983, indicating the module validity is valid and acceptable. This demonstrates that the module is ready for pilot and actual studies to assess its usability and effectiveness. In conclusion, the module has been validated by experts, improving its quality and helping to identify areas for future research, particularly in evaluating its usability and effectiveness.
EFFECT OF AR-MICROC AUGMENTED REALITY LEARNING MODULE ON STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT IN MALAYSIAN COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Authors: Othman Farah Waheda , Mat Nashir Irdayanti , Mat Saad Mohamad Syahril , Mohd Rokeman Nor Roselidyawaty , Mat Nor Muhamad Asrul Affendi
Published: January 2025

Today's technological advancements are influenced by the Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR4.0), which transforms daily life through digital technologies such as Augmented Reality (AR). This study aims to evaluate the impact of the AR-MicroC Augmented Reality Learning Module on the academic performance of students in the Information Technology Certificate Program at Malaysian Community Colleges as an effort to enhance classroom learning sessions. The study adopts a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental design. The sample consists of 66 Community College students divided into two groups: 32 students in the treatment group and 34 students in the control group, selected through stratified random sampling. Assessments were conducted using pre-tests and post-tests to evaluate the students' performance in the Introduction to the Internet of Things (IoT) course. The study spanned five weeks, encompassing pre-tests, teaching sessions using the module for the treatment group, conventional methods for the control group, and post-tests. The data collected were analyzed using independent t-tests and paired t-tests. The t-test analysis results revealed a significant difference in student performance. The findings demonstrate that the AR-MicroC Augmented Reality Learning Module effectively enhances student performance. The study's implications are practical, highlighting the use of the AR-MicroC Learning Module as an alternative teaching and learning aid.
BRIDGING DIGITAL TOOLS AND SCIENTIFIC LITERACY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ON INQUIRY-BASED LEARNING APPROACHES
Authors: Mohd Ramli Azneezal Ar-Rashid , Borhan Mohamad Termizi
Published: January 2025

This systematic review meticulously explores the incorporation of digital tools within inquiry-based learning (IBL) frameworks to enhance scientific literacy, addressing pivotal questions concerning effective, digitally enabled educational strategies. Specifically, the study investigates (1) how digital tools support the effectiveness of IBL across diverse educational contexts, (2) the ways in which IBL enhances scientific literacy at various educational levels, and (3) the impact of innovative and hybrid IBL approaches on student engagement and understanding in scientific subjects. Adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to ensure methodological rigor and transparency, this review synthesizes empirical research published between 2020 and 2024, initially identifying 389 articles from Scopus and Web of Science databases, with 35 meeting stringent inclusion criteria. The analysis reveals that the incorporation of digital tools, for example, simulation software, collaborative platforms, and gamified learning environments—within IBL significantly transforms scientific literacy by fostering critical thinking, student engagement, as well as collaborative skills. Furthermore, the adaptability of IBL across diverse educational settings, complemented by gamification and culturally relevant methodologies, facilitates greater accessibility and inclusivity in science education, thereby preparing students for academic success and informed participation in a scientifically literate society. Despite the evident transformative potential of digital tools in advancing scientific literacy, the review underscores the necessity for further research to optimize their implementation, particularly within underrepresented and varied educational contexts. This comprehensive synthesis contributes to the discourse on educational technology by providing critical insights and delineating future research directions aimed at cultivating a scientifically literate generation through digitally empowered IBL.
DEVELOPMENT OF TEACHING ACTIVITY FRAMEWORK BY USING HAN FOLK MUSIC FOR PRIMARY SCHOOLS
Authors: Pei Xian Lun , Ariffin Azli
Published: January 2025

Han folk music, traditional to the Han Chinese, includes instruments like guzheng, erhu, pipa, dizi, and sheng. Teaching this music to primary school students provides a rich cultural exploration. This study develops a teaching framework for using Han folk music in primary schools, employing the Design and Development Research (DDR) approach by Richey and Klein, modified by Saedah Siraj, Abdullah, and Rozkee. It involves three phases: needs analysis, design and development, and usability evaluation. The first phase used a questionnaire with 100 primary school music educators, showing strong support for music in teaching. The second phase employed the Nominal Group Technique with 9 experts, resulting in a structured framework for integrating Han folk music effectively. The third phase used the Fuzzy Delphi Method with 45 elementary school music educators, confirming the framework's usability. The results of the first phase show that there were agreement among respondents regarding the positive impacts of incorporating music into teaching practices. The results of the second phase have developed a teaching activity framework by using Han Folk Music for Primary Schools based on the expert’s opinions. While the results of the third phase show a high agreement in the usability of the framework when all usability constructs get a percentage of over 75%. Overall, this research advances educational methods by offering educators a guide to enhance learning through culturally rooted music experiences.