bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photonic nanoarchitectonics with stimuli-responsive 2D materials
Authors: Ganter Pirmin , Lotsch Bettina V.
Published: March 2019

The emerging field of photonic nanoarchitectonics based on stimuli responsive 2D materials is highlighted with a focus on applications in colorimetric sensing.
A straightforward and versatile FeCl3 catalyzed Friedel–Crafts C-glycosylation process. Application to the synthesis of new functionalized C-nucleosides
Authors: Tachallait Hamza , Safir Filho Mauro , Marzag Hamid , Bougrin Khalid , Demange Luc , Martin Anthony R. , Benhida Rachid
Published: March 2019

Rapid and straightforward access to C-nucleosides using an inexpensive FeCl3 catalyst.
Recent advances in the synthesis ofgem-dimethylcyclobutane natural products
Authors: Hancock Erin N. , Wahl Johannes M. , Brown M. Kevin
Published: March 2019

gem-Dimethylcyclobutanes are a common motif found in a multitude of natural products, and thus these structures have captivated synthetic chemists for years.
Construction of a high-performance photocatalytic fuel cell (PFC) based on plasmonic silver modified Cr-BiOCl nanosheets for simultaneous electricity production and pollutant removal
Authors: Zhang Lei , Liang Chao , Guo Hai , Niu Cheng-Gang , Zhao Xiu-Fei , Wen Xiao-Ju , Zeng Guang-Ming
Published: March 2019

Ag modified Cr-BiOCl nanosheets (Cr-BOC/Ag) were fabricated and used as anodes for a high performance photocatalytic fuel cell.
Supramolecular chirality and crystallization from biocatalytic self-assembly in lipidic cubic mesophases
Authors: Zhou Tao , Vallooran Jijo J. , Mezzenga Raffaele
Published: March 2019

Kinetically controlled supramolecular chirality was achieved by biocatalytic self-assembly in Lipidic cubic mesophases (LCMs). During aging, thermodynamically stable organic crystals are formed.
Beyond quantum confinement: excitonic nonlocality in halide perovskite nanoparticles with Mie resonances
Authors: Berestennikov A. S. , Li Y. , Iorsh I. V. , Zakhidov A. A. , Rogach A. L. , Makarov S. V.
Published: March 2019

Halide perovskite nanoparticles with sizes larger than 20 nm have demonstrated pronounced nonlocal excitonic properties governed by Mie modes.
Anisotropic atomistic evolution during the sublimation of polar InAs nanowires
Authors: Choi Suji , Lee Jeonghwan , Pin Minwook , Kwon Ji-Hwan , Kim In , Yeom Min Sun , Kim Chung Soo , Lee Ho Seong , Ahn Sang Jung , Yi Seong-Hoon , Kim Young Heon
Published: March 2019

The anisotropic atomistic evolution of polar InAs nanowires was observed during decomposition.
Oxygen-incorporated and layer-by-layer stacked WS2 nanosheets for broadband, self-driven and fast-response photodetection
Authors: Xu Jun , Cheng Xialan , Liu Tong , Yu Yongqiang , Song Lingling , You Yu , Wang Tao , Zhang Junjun
Published: March 2019

Layer-by-layer stacked and oxygen-incorporated WS2 microrods that exhibit strong absorption in both the visible light region and the 1100–2000 nm NIR light region are synthesized and demonstrated as broadband, self-driven, fast-response photodetectors.
Petroleum hydrocarbon release behavior study in oil-sediment aggregates: turbulence intensity and chemical dispersion effect
Authors: Yan Dong , Meng Long , Li Haoshuai , Song Tianwen , Sun Peiyan , Bao Mutai , Li Ximing
Published: March 2019

This study investigated the effects of turbulence and oil dispersants on release of petroleum hydrocarbons in oil-sediment aggregates.
Ag3PO4 nanocrystals and g-C3N4 quantum dots decorated Ag2WO4 nanorods: ternary nanoheterostructures for photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminants in water
Authors: Liu Chang , Wang Jingbo , Yang Shuang , Li Xiuying , Lin Xue
Published: March 2019

The ternary heterostructured Ag3PO4/g-C3N4/Ag2WO4 photocatalysts were successfully synthesized. The ternary composites exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activity.
Synthesis of a novel flame retardant based on DOPO derivatives and its application in waterborne polyurethane
Authors: Wang Hui , Wang Shuang , Du Xiaosheng , Wang Haibo , Cheng Xu , Du Zongliang
Published: March 2019

An intumescent flame retardant (DOPO-DAM) containing phosphorus and nitrogen was synthesized via a two-step process and it was incorporated into waterborne polyurethane to serve as a reactive flame retardant for preparing flame-retarded WPU (FR-WPU).
Normal saline-induced deoxygenation of red blood cells probed by optical tweezers combined with the micro-Raman technique
Authors: Lukose Jijo , N Mithun , Mohan Ganesh , Shastry Shamee , Chidangil Santhosh
Published: March 2019

Micro-Raman spectroscopy of optically trapped live red blood cell demonstrates normal saline induced deoxygenation.
Superoxide dismutase transcellular shuttle constructed from dendritic MOF and charge reversible protein derivatives
Authors: Wang Wei , Wu Sudong , Wang Jingyun , Li Zhen , Cui Hongyan , Lin Shuseng , Zhu Jingyi , Chen Qixian
Published: March 2019

The dendritic metal–organic frameworks facilitate intracellular transportation of charge-reversible superoxide dismutase derivatives for scavenging detrimental reactive oxygen species.
Choosing sides: unusual ultrafast charge transfer pathways in an asymmetric electron-accepting cyclophane that binds an electron donor
Authors: Zhou Jiawang , Wu Yilei , Roy Indranil , Samanta Avik , Stoddart J. Fraser , Young Ryan M. , Wasielewski Michael R.
Published: March 2019

Photo-driven electron transfer is faster from an electron donor guest to the harder to reduce acceptor in an asymmetric cyclophane host.
Aggregation-induced enhanced photoluminescence in magnetic graphene oxide quantum dots as a fluorescence probe for As(iii) sensing
Authors: Pathan Shabnam , Jalal Misna , Prasad Sanjay , Bose Suryasarathi
Published: March 2019

Magnetic graphene quantum dots have been designed for sensing arsenic in contaminated water based on aggregation induced photoluminescence phenomenon.
Blue phase liquid crystal microcapsules: confined 3D structure inducing fascinating properties
Authors: Lin Pengcheng , Wei Zhan , Yan Qi , Chen Ying , Wu Minghui , Xie Jiajin , Zeng Minxiang , Wang Wei , Xu Jinliang , Cheng Zhengdong
Published: March 2019

3D Confined blue phase liquid crystal microcapsules exhibit a widened BP temperature range, thermotropic color library and reversible surface-switch mode.
Capsaicin enhances erlotinib-induced cytotoxicity via AKT inactivation and excision repair cross-complementary 1 (ERCC1) down-regulation in human lung cancer cells
Authors: Chen Jyh-Cheng , Ko Jen-Chung , Yen Ting-Chuan , Chen Tzu-Ying , Lin Yuan-Cheng , Ma Peng-Fang , Lin Yun-Wei
Published: March 2019

Capsaicin, a natural active ingredient of green and red peppers, has been demonstrated to exhibit anti-cancer properties in several malignant cell lines.
Fluorescence quantification of intracellular materials at the single-cell level by an integrated dual-well array microfluidic device
Authors: Wang Chenyu , Ren Lufeng , Liu Wenwen , Wei Qingquan , Tan Manqing , Yu Yude
Published: March 2019

We present an integrated microfluidic device for quantifying intracellular materials at the single-cell level.
Development of a simple, low-cost and rapid thin-layer chromatography method for the determination of individual volatile fatty acids
Authors: Robert-Peillard Fabien , Mattio Elodie , Komino Aïnhoa , Boudenne Jean-Luc , Coulomb Bruno
Published: March 2019

In this paper, a new thin-layer chromatography (TLC) method for the determination of individual volatile fatty acids (VFAs) is presented.
Colloid-assisted growth of metal–organic framework nanoparticles
Authors: Nandiyanto Asep Bayu Dani , He Xiang , Wang Wei-Ning
Published: March 2019

A new colloid-assisted approach is introduced to synthesize metal–organic framework (MOF) nanoparticles.
Syntheses, structures and properties of three organic–inorganic hybrid polyoxotungstates constructed from {Ni6PW9} building blocks: from isolated clusters to 2-D layers
Authors: Zhang Zhong , Wang Yue-Lin , Li Hai-Lou , Sun Ke-Ning , Yang Guo-Yu
Published: March 2019

Three organic–inorganic hybrid POMs were prepared and characterized, exhibiting 0-D to 2-D assemblies made by {Ni6PW9} SBUs and organic ligands.
Plasmon-mediated chemical transformation from alkane to alkene on a silver nanoparticle array under 532 nm excitation
Authors: Takeuchi Yuki , Fujita Tetsuya , Takeyasu Nobuyuki
Published: March 2019

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of organic compounds, para-methylthiophenol (p-MT), decylamine and 1-butanethiol (1-BT), were measured using a two-dimensional silver nanoparticle array at 532 nm excitation.
Insight into the halogen-bond nature of noble gas-chlorine systems by molecular beam scattering experiments, ab initio calculations and charge displacement analysis
Authors: Nunzi Francesca , Cesario Diego , Belpassi Leonardo , Tarantelli Francesco , Roncaratti Luiz F. , Falcinelli Stefano , Cappelletti David , Pirani Fernando
Published: March 2019

A weak halogen bond, together with charge transfer from a noble gas to Cl2, characterizes the intermolecular interaction between a noble gas atom and Cl2 in a collinear configuration.
Absorption shifts of diastereotopically ligated chlorophyll dimers of photosystem I
Authors: Suomivuori Carl-Mikael , Fliegl Heike , Starikov Evgeni B. , Balaban T. Silviu , Kaila Ville R. I. , Sundholm Dage
Published: March 2019

Excited-state properties of α- and β-ligated chlorophyll dimers of photosystem I were studied at ab initio correlated levels of theory.
Low linear energy transfer radiolysis of supercritical water at 400 °C: in situ generation of ultrafast, transient, density-dependent “acid spikes”
Authors: Patwary Md Mohsin , Kanike Vanaja , Sanguanmith Sunuchakan , Meesungnoen Jintana , Islam Muhammad Mainul , Jay-Gerin Jean-Paul
Published: March 2019

An abrupt, temporary and highly acidic pH response (“acid spikes”) is observed around the “native” radiation tracks for all considered densities immediately after irradiation.
Designing graphene-wrapped NiCo2Se4 microspheres with petal-like FeS2 toward flexible asymmetric all-solid-state supercapacitors
Authors: Mohammadi Zardkhoshoui Akbar , Hosseiny Davarani Saied Saeed , Asgharinezhad Ali Akbar
Published: March 2019

An effective and accessible method is demonstrated for the construction of electrodes from graphene-wrapped NiCo2Se4 microspheres and petal-like FeS2 with excellent durability for flexible all-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitors.
Metal nanoparticles embedded in AIEE active supramolecular assemblies: robust, green and reusable nanocatalysts
Authors: Deol Harnimarta , Singh Gurpreet , Kumar Manoj , Bhalla Vandana
Published: March 2019

Multi-functional AIEE-active supramolecular assemblies act as nanoreactors for the preparation of different types of metal NPs. The in situ generated metal NPs stabilized by supramolecular assemblies act as nanocatalysts for various organic transformations under thermal/visible light irradiation.
Activating hierarchically hortensia-like CoAl layered double hydroxides by alkaline etching and anion modulation strategies for the efficient oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Guo Xiaoxue , Wu Fang , Hao Gazi , Peng Shisi , Wang Ning , Li Qiulin , Hu Yubing , Jiang Wei
Published: March 2019

Hierarchically porous hortensia-like CoAl hydroxysulfide as an efficient electrocatalyst for the OER is designed and developed.
Coordination-induced metal-to-macrocycle charge transfer and effect of cations on reorientation of the CN ligand in the {SnL2Mac}2− dianions (L = CN−, OCN−, Im−; Mac = phthalo- or naphthalocyanine)
Authors: Konarev Dmitri V. , Kuzmin Alexey V. , Shestakov Alexander F. , Khasanov Salavat S. , Lyubovskaya Rimma N.
Published: March 2019

Anionic coordination {crypt(M+)}2{SnL2Mac}2− complexes of tin(ii) phthalo- (Pc) and naphthalocyanines (Nc) were obtained and discussed.
Trifluoromethylation for affecting the structural, electronic and redox properties of cobalt corroles
Authors: Sudhakar Kolanu , Mahammed Atif , Fridman Natalia , Gross Zeev
Published: March 2019

Novel synthetic methodologies for accessing trifluoromethylated cobalt corroles allow beneficial tuning of their chemical and physical properties for catalysis.
Piezo–pyro–photoelectric effects induced coupling enhancement of charge quantity in BaTiO3 materials for simultaneously scavenging light and vibration energies
Authors: Ji Yun , Zhang Kewei , Wang Zhong Lin , Yang Ya
Published: March 2019

A unique piezo–pyro–photoelectric effects-induced coupling enhancement of charge quantity is achieved by piezo–pyro–photoelectric coupling effects in BaTiO3 materials, which holds great promise for intelligent energy generation from the ambient environment and potential applications in self-powered micro/nano-devices.
Fabrication of plant-based vitamin D3-fortified nanoemulsions: influence of carrier oil type on vitamin bioaccessibility
Authors: Schoener Anna Larissa , Zhang Ruojie , Lv Shanshan , Weiss Jochen , McClements David Julian
Published: March 2019

The influence of carrier oil type (corn, fish, or flaxseed oil) on the production, stability, and simulated gastrointestinal behavior of vitamin-fortified nanoemulsions was studied.
Citric juice-mediated synthesis of tellurium nanoparticles with antimicrobial and anticancer properties
Authors: Medina Cruz David , Tien-Street William , Zhang Bohan , Huang Xinjing , Vernet Crua Ada , Nieto-Argüello Alfonso , Cholula-Díaz Jorge L. , Martínez Lidia , Huttel Yves , González María Ujué , García-Martín José Miguel , Webster Thomas J.
Published: March 2019

Citric juice-mediated tellurium nanoparticles with biomedical applications.
An all manganese-based oxide nanocrystal cathode and anode for high performance lithium-ion full cells
Authors: Chen Song , Shi Yumeng , Wang Ye , Shang Yang , Xia Wei , Yang Hui Ying
Published: March 2019

Manganese oxide nanocrystals are of great interest for producing advanced high-performance lithium ion batteries.
Doping MoS2 monolayer with nonmetal atoms to tune its electronic and magnetic properties, and chemical activity: a computational study
Authors: Wen Xin , Yu Shansheng , Wang Yongcheng , Liu Yuejie , Wang Hongxia , Zhao Jingxiang
Published: March 2019

The introduction of heteroatom into MoS2 nanosheet can effectively tune the electronic properties and enhance its chemical reactivity towards small molecules, thus greatly widening their applications.
Enzyme-less sensing of the kidney dysfunction biomarker creatinine using an inulin based bio-nanocomposite
Authors: Kalaivani G. Jayanthi , Suja S. K.
Published: March 2019

Enzyme-less electrochemical sensing of creatinine using an inulin-based bio-nanocomposite.
Zirconium-MOF-catalysed selective synthesis of α-hydroxyamide via the transfer hydrogenation of α-ketoamide
Authors: Mishra Ashish A. , Bhanage Bhalchandra M.
Published: March 2019

This work reports the synthesis of α-hydroxy amide and its derivatives using zirconium-based metal–organic frameworks (Zr-MOFs).
High-performance optical memory transistors based on a novel organic semiconductor with nanosprouts
Authors: Zheng Lei , Li Jinfeng , Wang Yu , Gao Xiong , Yuan Kuo , Yu Xixia , Ren Xiaochen , Zhang Xiaotao , Hu Wenping
Published: March 2019

A new material, 2,7-DAN, was designed and synthesized, and shows excellent charge transport and memory functions in the inhomogeneous 2,7-DAN thin-film OFETs with intrinsic trap states.
Cp*Co(iii)-catalyzed annulation of azines by C–H/N–N bond activation for the synthesis of isoquinolines
Authors: Deshmukh Dewal S. , Yadav Prashant A. , Bhanage Bhalchandra M.
Published: March 2019

An atom economic and external oxidant free methodology has been developed for the synthesis of isoquinolines by Cp*Co(iii) catalyzed annulation of azines via C–H/N–N activation.
Copper-catalyzed C–H/N–H cross-coupling reactions for the synthesis of 3-heteroaryl quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones
Authors: Guo Tao , Wang Chuan-Chuan , Fu Xiang-Heng , Liu Yu , Zhang Pan-Ke
Published: March 2019

An effective copper-catalyzed C–H/N–H cross-coupling of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with diverse unprotected 2-quinoxalinones and 2-quinolinones was developed.
One-pot strategy for synthesis of open-cage silsesquioxane monomers
Authors: Katoh Ryoichi , Imoto Hiroaki , Naka Kensuke
Published: March 2019

A novel synthetic strategy to access POSS monomers has been proposed; one reaction site of an open-cage POSS was capped, and the remaining two silanol groups were functionalized for polymerization. Importantly, the monomer can be obtained by one-pot synthesis without any troublesome isolation process.
A sandwich-type sulfur cathode based on multifunctional ceria hollow spheres for high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Wang Jianwei , Zhou Bo , Zhao Hongyang , Wu Miaomiao , Yang Yaodong , Sun Xiaolei , Wang Donghai , Du Yaping
Published: March 2019

CeO2 hollow spheres are prepared to fabricate the inside and outside structures of cathodes by a simple layer-by-layer process.
Removal of Pb(ii) and Cd(ii) from wastewater using arginine cross-linked chitosan–carboxymethyl cellulose beads as green adsorbent
Authors: Manzoor Kaiser , Ahmad Mudasir , Ahmad Suhail , Ikram Saiqa
Published: March 2019

Remediation of Pb(ii) and Cd(ii) containing wastewater by arginine crosslinked chitosan/carboxymethyl cellulose beads.
Structural, optical and photoelectric properties of Mn-doped ZnO films used for ultraviolet detectors
Authors: Gu Peng , Zhu Xinghua , Yang Dingyu
Published: March 2019

Mn-doped ZnO (MZO) films were prepared on glass substrates using sol–gel dip-coating technology.
Block copolymer microparticles comprising inverse bicontinuous phases prepared via polymerization-induced self-assembly
Authors: Yang Pengcheng , Ning Yin , Neal Thomas J. , Jones Elizabeth R. , Parker Bryony R. , Armes Steven P.
Published: March 2019

Scalable preparation of micrometer-sized diblock copolymer particles exhibiting complex internal structure is achieved by RAFT-mediated polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA).
Protecting effect of mass transport during electrochemical reduction of oxygenated carbon dioxide feedstocks
Authors: Williams Kindle , Corbin Nathan , Zeng Joy , Lazouski Nikifar , Yang Deng-Tao , Manthiram Karthish
Published: March 2019

This work elucidates fundamental transport and kinetic phenomena underlying oxygen gas feed impurity behavior during CO2electroreduction.
Controllable assembly of a novel cationic gemini surfactant containing a naphthalene and amide spacer with β-cyclodextrin
Authors: Zhu Bo , Jia Lihua , Guo Xiangfeng , Yin Jianxin , Zhao Zhenlong , Chen Nannan , Chen Shuxuan , Jia Yue
Published: March 2019

A novel cationic gemini surfactant (C12NDDA) with a spacer containing naphthalene and amides was successfully synthesized.
Sodium iron sulfate alluaudite solid solution for Na-ion batteries: moving towards stoichiometric Na2Fe2(SO4)3
Authors: Jungers Thomas , Mahmoud Abdelfattah , Malherbe Cedric , Boschini Frederic , Vertruyen Benedicte
Published: March 2019

The elusive Na2Fe2(SO4)3 stoichiometric compound was obtained through a precipitation method and is electrochemically active as a cathode.
Fabrication of hollow pompon-like Co3O4 nanostructures with rich defects and high-index facet exposure for enhanced oxygen evolution catalysis
Authors: Zhang Chunmei , Zheng Fuqin , Zhang Ziwei , Xiang Dong , Cheng Chunfeng , Zhuang Zhihua , Li Ping , Li Xiaokun , Chen Wei
Published: March 2019

A hollow pompon-like Co3O4 nanostructure with rich defects and high-index facets exhibits enhanced electrocatalytic performance for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER).
Metal selenide photocatalysts for visible-light-driven Z-scheme pure water splitting
Authors: Chen Shanshan , Ma Guijun , Wang Qian , Sun Song , Hisatomi Takashi , Higashi Tomohiro , Wang Zheng , Nakabayashi Mamiko , Shibata Naoya , Pan Zhenhua , Hayashi Toshio , Minegishi Tsutomu , Takata Tsuyoshi , Domen Kazunari
Published: March 2019

Metal selenides with narrow bandgaps (480–750 nm) are shown to be applicable to stable photocatalytic Z-scheme pure water splitting.
Review of chemical modification on potassium sodium niobate lead-free piezoelectrics
Authors: Zhang Yichi , Li Jing-Feng
Published: March 2019

Heterogeneity at different length scales.
The SOPHIE search for northern extrasolar planets
Authors: Hobson M. J. , Delfosse X. , Astudillo-Defru N. , Boisse I. , Díaz R. F. , Bouchy F. , Bonfils X. , Forveille T. , Arnold L. , Borgniet S. , Bourrier V. , Brugger B. , Cabrera Salazar N. , Courcol B. , Dalal S. , Deleuil M. , Demangeon O. , Dumusque X. , Hara N. , Hébrard G. , Kiefer F. , Lopez T. , Mignon L. , Montagnier G. , Mousis O. , Moutou C. , Pepe F. , Rey J. , Santerne A. , Santos N. C. , Stalport M. , Ségransan D. , Udry S. , Wilson P. A.
Published: March 2019

We present the detection of a warm Neptune orbiting the M dwarf Gl 378, using radial velocity measurements obtained with the SOPHIE spectrograph at the Observatoire de Haute-Provence. The star was observed in the context of the SOPHIE exoplanet consortium’s sub-programme dedicated to finding planets around M dwarfs. Gl 378 is an M1 star, of solar metallicity, at a distance of 14.96 pc. The single planet detected, Gl 378 b, has a minimum mass of 13.02 MEarth and an orbital period of 3.82 days, which place it at the lower boundary of the hot Neptune desert. As one of only a few such planets around M dwarfs, Gl 378 b provides important clues to the evolutionary history of these close-in planets. In particular, the eccentricity of 0.1 may point to a high-eccentricity migration. The planet may also have lost part of its envelope due to irradiation.
The VLT-FLAMES Tarantula Survey
Authors: Patrick L. R. , Lennon D. J. , Britavskiy N. , Evans C. J. , Sana H. , Taylor W. D. , Herrero A. , Almeida L. A. , Clark J. S. , Gieles M. , Langer N. , Schneider F. R. N. , van Loon J. Th.
Published: March 2019

Aims. The incidence of multiplicity in cool, luminous massive stars is relatively unknown compared to their hotter counterparts. In this work we present radial velocity (RV) measurements and investigate the multiplicity properties of red supergiants (RSGs) in the 30 Doradus region of the Large Magellanic Cloud using multi-epoch visible spectroscopy from the VLT-FLAMES Tarantula Survey.

Methods. Exploiting the high density of absorption features in visible spectra of cool stars, we used a novel slicing technique to estimate RVs of 17 candidate RSGs in 30 Doradus from cross-correlation of the observations with model spectra.

Results. We provide absolute RV measurements (precise to better than ±1 km s−1) for our sample and estimate line-of-sight velocities for the Hodge 301 and SL 639 clusters, which agree well with those of hot stars in the same clusters. By combining results for the RSGs with those for nearby B-type stars, we estimate systemic velocities and line-of-sight velocity dispersions for the two clusters, obtaining estimates for their dynamical masses of log(Mdyn/M⊙) = 3.8 ± 0.3 for Hodge 301, and an upper limit of log(Mdyn/M⊙) < 3.1 ± 0.8 for SL 639, assuming virial equilibrium. Analysis of the multi-epoch data reveals one RV variable, potential binary candidate (VFTS 744), which is likely a semi-regular variable asymptotic giant branch star. Calculations of semi-amplitude velocities for a range of RSGs in model binary systems and literature examples of binary RSGs were used to guide our RV variability criteria. We estimate an upper limit on the observed binary fraction for our sample of 0.3; for this sample we are sensitive to maximum periods for individual objects in the range 1–10 000 days and mass ratios above 0.3 depending on the data quality. From simulations of RV measurements from binary systems given the current data, we conclude that systems within the parameter range q >  0.3, log P [days] < 3.5 would be detected by our variability criteria at the 90% confidence level. The intrinsic binary fraction, accounting for observational biases, is estimated using simulations of binary systems with an empirically defined distribution of parameters in which orbital periods are uniformly distributed in the 3.3 < log P [days] < 4.3 range. A range of intrinsic binary fractions are considered; a binary fraction of 0.3 is found to best reproduce the observed data.

Conclusions. We demonstrate that RSGs are effective extragalactic kinematic tracers by estimating the kinematic properties, including the dynamical masses of two LMC young massive clusters. In the context of binary evolution models, we conclude that the large majority of our sample consists of effectively single stars that are either currently single or in long-period systems. Further observations at greater spectral resolution or over a longer baseline, or both, are required to search for such systems.
Mitigating Heat Islands Effect in Mega Cities through Districts' Prioritisation for Urban Green Coverage Applications: Cairo – Egypt as a Case Study
Authors: Aboulnaga Mohsen , Mostafa Mona
Published: March 2019

Heat-related problems have become a global issue resulted from climate change. Prolonged exposure to extreme high temperatures increased the percentage of mortality and morbidity in cities worldwide. Urbanization and population contribute to urban heat islands effect (UHIE). The purpose of this paper is to prioritize urban areas at high risk for heat related incidents in mega cities and to propose the implementation of urban green coverage (UGC) strategies which contribute to mitigating UHIE. The methodology includes a review on the UHI problems, along with the cooling benefits the UGC can produce. Then, the study's application is mainly focused on Cairo Governorate, Egypt as an example of a developing country. Cairo Governorate, Egypt lacks well maintained vegetation in almost all districts as results indicated that it has a mean normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) ranging from 0.08 to 0.25. The study adopts the Australian model developed by Norton et al. [Landsc. Urban Plan. 134, 127 (2015)], which includes the intersection of three factors (heat exposure, vulnerability, and behavioural exposure) to identify a high priority area. It was difficult to assess the behaviour of population in outdoor public spaces in a city like Cairo; hence, the study follows “Crichton's Risk Triangle” conducted by Morabito et al. [PLoS One 10, e0127277 (2015)], to identify high risk areas based on the intersection of three layers: (a) high day-time/night-time surface temperatures − hazard; (b) total exposed population in a city − exposure; and (c) sub-populations at risk of being harmed during extreme heat − vulnerability. In the simulation, the risk assessment method simplifies the process of constructing the GIS database as it is composed of layering system. The development of a Heat-related Vulnerability Index (HVI) map for Cairo districts was conducted by over layering the natural hazard layer (land surface temperature) with spatial demographic data using GIS Software. Results of risk maps of Cairo were presented and showed normalized HVI values ranging between 0.0 and 1.0, which can be categorized into five risk levels (very low to very high). Results also indicated that 13 out of the 46 districts in Cairo are at very high/high risk, while only 5 districts have a very low risk. Finally, a tool was established to map the population vulnerability to extreme heat events by identifying high priority risk areas that requires urgent intervention by applying more UGC to mitigate UHIE and climate action and adaptation.
Medical Emergencies During a Half Marathon Race – The Influence of Weather
Authors: Carlström Eric , Borjesson Mats , Palm Gunnar , Khorram-Manesh Amir , Lindberg Fredrik , Holmer Björn , Berner Andreas , Örninge Per , Luning Hampus , Nilson Finn , Gelang Carita , Thorsson Sofia
Published: March 2019

The aim was to analyze the influence of weather conditions on medical emergencies in a half-marathon, specifically by evaluating its relation to the number of non-finishers, ambulance-required assistances, and collapses in need of ambulance as well as looking at the location of such emergencies on the race course. Seven years of data from the world’s largest half marathon were used. Meteorological data were obtained from a nearby weather station, and the Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) index was used as a measure of general weather conditions. Of the 315,919 race starters, 104 runners out of the 140 ambulance-required assistances needed ambulance services due to collapses. Maximum air temperature and PET significantly co-variated with ambulance-required assistances, collapses, and non-finishers (R2=0.65–0.92; p=0.001–0.03). When air temperatures vary between 15–29°C, an increase of 1°C results in an increase of 2.5 (0.008/1000) ambulance-required assistances, 2.5 (0.008/1000) collapses (needing ambulance services), and 107 (0.34/1000) non-finishers. The results also indicate that when the daily maximum PET varies between 18–35°C, an increase of 1°C PET results in an increase of 1.8 collapses (0.006/1000) needing ambulance services and 66 non-finishers (0.21/1000).
A Validation Study of Maternal Early Warning Systems: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Blumenthal Elizabeth A. , Hooshvar Nina , McQuade Miriam , McNulty Jennifer
Published: March 2019

Objective We compare validation characteristics of four early warning systems for maternal morbidity.

Study Design We used a retrospective cohort of severe maternal morbidity cases between January 2016 and December 2016 compared with a cohort of controls. We determined if the modified early obstetric warning score (MEOWS), maternal early recognition criteria (MERC), modified early warning system (MEWS), or maternal early warning trigger (MEWT) would have alerted. We developed criteria to determine which of these alerts was considered clinically “relevant.”

Results We reviewed 79 morbidity cases and 123 controls. MEOWS and MERC were more sensitive than MEWS or MEWT (67.1 and 67.1% vs. 19% and 40.5%, p < 0.001); however, MEWT and MEWS were more specific (88.6% MEWT and 93.5% MEWS vs. 51.2% MEOWS and 60.2% MERC, p < 0.001). In the control population, 70% of MEWT alerts still appeared “relevant” to the clinical scenario in contrast to the MEOWS (32%) or MERC systems (31%).

Conclusion There are limited comparative data regarding how early warning systems perform in an American population for maternal morbidity. None of the systems performs with high sensitivity and specificity. High-volume, high-acuity units may decide that the lower sensitivity of the MEWT is relatively acceptable when considering the high false trigger rate of the other more sensitive systems. In addition, triggers in the MEWT system were more likely to be clinically relevant even in cases that did not have severe morbidity.
Elastocaloric effect of all-d-metal Heusler NiMnTi(Co) magnetic shape memory alloys by digital image correlation and infrared thermography
Authors: Wei Z. Y. , Sun W. , Shen Q. , Shen Y. , Zhang Y. F. , Liu E. K. , Liu J.
Published: March 2019

We have studied the stress-induced martensitic transformation behaviors and the associated elastocaloric effect (eCE) for non-textured polycrystalline all-d-metal Heusler alloys of Ni50Mn32Ti18 and Ni35Co15Mn35Ti15 by a combination of Digital Image Correlation (DIC) and Infrared (IR) thermography techniques. A large but irreversible adiabatic temperature change (ΔTad) of 10.7 K at a strain level of 3.9% is observed for Ni50Mn32Ti18, whereas Ni35Co15Mn35Ti15 exhibits a reversible eCE with ΔTad = 9.0 K at a strain level of 4.6%. At lower strain levels (<2.4%), both specimens exhibit full superelasticity without residual strain. While in a higher strain range (>3.2%), Ni50Mn32Ti18 is plastically deformed with small strain variation in space from the DIC map. In contrast, Ni35Co15Mn35Ti15 can be deformed superelastically accompanied by large strain variation in space, which can be ascribed predominately to the crystalline orientation dependence of both the transformation strain and the Young's modulus from different orientated grains under mechanical loading. The improved reversibility of eCE for Ni35Co15Mn35Ti15 is supposed to be associated with the enhancement of d-d hybridization by the introduction of the element Co.
Synchrotron X-radiolysis of l-cysteine at the sulfur K-edge: Sulfurous products, experimental surprises, and dioxygen as an oxidoreductant
Authors: Frank Patrick , Sarangi Ritimukta , Hedman Britt , Hodgson Keith O.
Published: March 2019

In situ inventory of sulfurous products from the sulfur K-edge synchrotron X-radiolysis of l-cysteine in solid-phase and anaerobic (pH 5) and air-saturated (pH 5, 7, and 9) solutions without and with 40% glycerol is reported. Sequential K-edge X-ray Absorption Spectroscopic (XAS) spectra were acquired. l-cysteine degraded systematically in the X-ray beam. Radiolytic products were inventoried by fits using the XAS spectra of sulfur model compounds. Solid l-cysteine declined to 92% fraction after a single K-edge XAS scan. After six scans, 60% remained, accompanied by 14% cystine, 16% thioether, 5.4% elemental sulfur, and smaller fractions of more highly oxidized products. In air-saturated pH 5 solution, 73% of l-cysteine remained after ten scans, with 2% cystine and 19% elemental sulfur. Oxidation increased with 40% glycerol, yielding 67%, 5%, and 23% fractions, respectively, after ten scans. Higher pH solutions exhibited less radiolytic chemistry. All the reactivity followed first-order kinetics. The anaerobic experiment displayed two reaction phases, with sharp changes in kinetics and radiolytic chemistry. Unexpectedly, the radiolytic oxidation of l-cysteine was increased in anaerobic solution. After ten scans, only 60% of the l-cysteine remained, along with 17% cystine, 22% elemental sulfur, and traces of more highly oxidized products. A new aerobic reaction cycle is hypothesized, wherein dissolved dioxygen captures radiolytic H• or eaq−, enters HO2•/O2•−, reductively quenches cysteine thiyl radicals, and cycles back to O2. This cycle is suggested to suppress the radiolytic production of cystine in aerobic solution.
Infrared backscatter imaging spectroscopy of trace analytes at standoff
Authors: Breshike Christopher J. , Kendziora Christopher A. , Furstenberg Robert , Nguyen Viet , Kusterbeck Andrew , McGill R. Andrew
Published: March 2019

We are developing a proximal noncontact detection technique for trace amounts of hazardous materials using diffuse reflectance infrared spectral signatures. Spectroscopy is performed at a distance by tuning a quantum cascade laser system through its wavelength range (6-11 μm) as the active illumination source and collecting a portion of the diffusely reflected light from the target onto an MCT focal plane array. The signals from each collected frame are binned and processed into an image hypercube that contains spectral and spatial information. The primary motivation of this work is to protect the loss of life by detecting trace explosives on contaminated surfaces before attacks occur. Here, we present results from backscatter experiments on trace samples with low loading and fill factors on glass substrates and compare them with a conventional benchtop analysis technique, FTIR diffuse reflectance. The backscatter results illustrate the ability to detect explosives at 1 m distance at the nanogram level, which is beyond the capability of the benchtop FTIR diffuse reflectance measurement.
The interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and spin-orbit torque driven domain wall motion in Co/Ni multi-layers with a Ptx(Ir,Au)1−x seedlayer
Authors: Lau D. , Sokalski V.
Published: March 2019

We use Kerr microscopy to characterize magnetic domain walls in Co/Ni based magnetic nanowires grown on a Pt seedlayer with a thin Ptx(Ir,Au)1−x buffer layer. The buffer layer composition enables control of the interfacial DMI vector as measured from the asymmetric bubble expansion technique while the thicker Pt seedlayer is expected to govern the spin Hall angle. Additions of either Ir or Au to the Pt buffer layer give rise to a marked drop in the interfacial DMI vector. The efficiency of current induced magnetic domain wall motion in nanowires shows a direct relation to DMI across the composition spectrum. This correlation is discussed in the context of future spintronic devices as a mechanism for engineering the spin-orbit coupling properties of complex magnetic multi-layers.
Magnetocaloric effect in the triangulated Kagome lattice Cu9Cl2(cpa)6
Authors: Skinner Samuel F. , Coro Ronald A. , Farmer William M. , Lovett Jack H. , Lupton Joseph C. , Moses Jacob A. , Ortolano Brendon M. , Reid Lauryn R. , Richardson Savannah D. , Taylor Jesse D. , ter Haar Leonard W.
Published: March 2019

The spin frustrated magnetism of the 2-D molecular magnet material Cu9Cl2(cpa)6 (cpa = anion of 2-carboxypentonic acid), abbreviated as CPA, has been the subject of experimental and theoretical studies that suggest this Heisenberg lattice may be among the most frustrated of materials, along with other Kagome, garnet and pyrochlore systems. The CPA framework is a triangles-in-triangles, or a triangulated-Kagome-lattice (TKL) for which M(T,H) phase diagrams rich in topologically induced spin-liquid states should result from deliberate chemical manipulations. While the spin frustrated topology of CPA makes it of interest for the fundamental physics of quantum spin liquids (QSLs), we report here that the low temperature magnetothermodynamic properties also make it of interest for the study of the magnetocaloric effect (MCE). Highly frustrated materials that do not have clearly distinctive first- or second-order phase transitions can have MCEs due to the persistent entropy of low-lying eigenstates with large degrees of degeneracy. We present field-dependent data up to H = 1T that allow estimates for the MCE of CPA to be calculated from magnetization and demonstrate that a H-T phase boundary exists for temperatures above T = 2K in applied fields below H = 1T. When taken in combination with the phase boundary discovered in the heat capacity data below T = 2K, as well as synthetic results that demonstrate CPA can be taken as a broad materials class, the presence of this second phase boundary suggest chemical variations should present tremendous opportunity to design additional materials. The synthetic challenge will be to produce high quality crystals with consistent, well-understood chemical compositions.
A neutron diffraction demonstration of long-range magnetic order in the quasicrystal approximant DyCd6
Authors: Ryan D. H. , Cadogan J. M. , Kong T. , Canfield P. C. , Goldman A. I. , Kreyssig A.
Published: March 2019

We have used neutron powder diffraction to demonstrate the existence of long-range antiferromagnetic order of Ising-like Dy moments in the DyCd6 quasicrystal approximant phase. This cubic compound undergoes a slight distortion to a monoclinic cell at low temperatures. The Néel temperature is 18.0(2) K and the magnetic order of the Dy sublattice may be described in the parent cubic Im3¯ structure using a combination of two propagation vectors, k1 = [0 0 0] and k2 = [12 0 12], yielding ‘anti-I’ order. Alternatively, when referred to the monoclinic C2/c cell, the magnetic structure may be described by a single propagation vector: k = [1 0 0].
Spin polarization of 87Rb atoms with Xe gas and high-pressure buffer gas in a cubic cell
Authors: Yu Hoon , Yoo Jai Seung
Published: March 2019

We simulated the optical pumping rate of 87Rb atoms with Xe and high-pressure buffer gas in a cubic cell. We calculated absorption cross-section as a function of pumping laser frequency by considering a pressure and Doppler broadening as gas temperature varies from 364 K to 414 K. In a steady state the spin polarization and the atomic population of 87Rb atoms were obtained by optical pumping in each ground state. We calculated the optimum beam waist, linewidth and detuning of pumping beam to achieve higher population of polarized atoms at cell parameters such as temperature, size. We simulated that the optimum beam waist is 0.3 times of cubic cell length at 250 Torr of di-nitrogen and 50 Torr of Xe gas pressure. The optimum laser beam linewidth parabolically increases with increasing the temperature in range of few ten kelvin and it exponentially decrease with increasing the cubic cell length. We also observed that few ten GHz detuned laser frequency increases the optical pumping rate. These numerical results show appropriate experimental parameter as a function of cell temperature and size to get maximum population of spin polarized atoms in given temperature range.
Boiling crisis as the stability limit to wall heat partitioning
Authors: Baglietto Emilio , Demarly Etienne , Kommajosyula Ravikishore
Published: March 2019

We propose an approach to describe the boiling crisis as the onset of instability in the local energy balance at the boiling wall. We explicitly track the microscale phenomena at the bubble scale and through them identify the condition leading to the runaway growth of surface dry-spots. The model allows us to quantify the evolution of the heat transfer mechanisms from the inception of boiling up to critical heat flux, directly from the knowledge of the surface characteristics and operating conditions. The results demonstrate qualitative and quantitative agreements with high-resolution instrumented measurements under controlled flow and surface wettability conditions.
Understanding the effect of thionation on naphthalene diimide using first-principles predictions of near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure spectra
Authors: Rundel Kira , Liang Yufeng , Welford Adam , Prendergast David , McNeill Christopher R.
Published: March 2019

The near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectra of naphthalene diimide molecules with increasing degrees of thionation show distinct and systematic changes in the C 1s → π* manifold. However, interpretation of such spectra is difficult using experimental data alone, due to the limitation in experimental NEXAFS resolution. In this work, we have calculated the NEXAFS spectra of naphthalene diimide molecules with increasing degrees of thionation using the density functional theory-based eXcited electron and Core Hole approach. We find that the systematic broadening and intensity reduction in the peaks observed in the π* manifold with increasing thionation are the result of distinct changes in the chemical environment of the outer carbon atoms that are bonded directly to either oxygen or sulfur. Specifically, the C 1s → lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) transition energy dramatically decreases with thionation, as the valence electron density of these carbon atoms is increased when highly electronegative oxygen atoms are replaced by less-oxidizing sulfur atoms. It is also shown that significant core level shifts present in naphthalene diimide-based molecule result in a mixing of the LUMO and LUMO + 1 character in the C 1s → π* manifold, meaning that experimentally observed peaks cannot be uniquely associated with the transitions of LUMO, LUMO + 1, etc.
Spin-dependent properties in the framework of the dynamic correlation dressed complete active space method
Authors: Lang Lucas , Neese Frank
Published: March 2019

We report an extension of the recently proposed 2nd order dynamic correlation dressed complete active space method [S. Pathak et al., J. Chem. Phys. 147, 234109 (2017)] to incorporate spin-dependent relativistic effects into the Hamiltonian. The result is an effective Hamiltonian that contains the effects of static correlation, dynamic correlation, and relativistic effects on an equal footing. All contributions necessary for the description of magnetic phenomena and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, namely, spin-orbit coupling, magnetic hyperfine coupling, Zeeman interaction, and direct electronic spin-spin coupling, are incorporated. We also suggest a novel analysis of g-matrices and A-matrices based on the singular value decomposition, which can provide not only the magnitude but also the sign of the principal components and allows for a transparent decomposition into different physical contributions. The new method was tested for excitation energies of first-row transition metal ions as well as D-tensors and g-shifts of first-row transition metal complexes using minimal active spaces. It was observed that state-mixing effects are usually small in these cases and that the results are comparable to nondegenerate N-electron valence state perturbation theory (NEVPT2) in conjunction with quasi-degenerate perturbation theory (QDPT). Results on EPR parameters of pseudo-square-planar Cu(ii) complexes show that state-mixing with a ligand-to-metal-charge-transfer configuration greatly improves results compared with NEVPT2/QDPT but also demonstrate that future modifications of the 0th order Hamiltonian or more elaborate electron correlation treatments will be necessary in order to achieve better agreement with the experiment.
Electron-optical system for a high-current Ka-band relativistic gyrotron
Authors: Abubakirov E. B. , Denisenko A. N. , Fedotov A. E. , Leontyev A. N. , Rozental R. M. , Tarakanov V. P.
Published: March 2019

An electron-optical system for a high-current relativistic Ka-band gyrotron was developed and experimentally tested. The system consists of a coaxial magnetically insulated diode forming a rectilinear hollow beam and an additional short coil (kicker) pumping the transverse electron velocities. An electron beam with a particle energy of 500 keV, a current of 1.5–2 kA, and a pitch-ratio of up to 1 has been produced. The beam is intended for a gyrotron with the output power of 200 MW. The measured beam characteristics are in good agreement with the results of calculations. The influence of the beam and gyrotron cavity axis misalignment on gyrotron operation is analyzed using PIC simulations.
Photocarrier transport dynamics in lifetime and relaxation regimes of semiconductors
Authors: Yu Jingyi , Xu Lingyan , Zhang Binbin , Jie Wanqi
Published: March 2019

Understanding photogenerated carrier transport dynamics is important for optimizing the performance of various semiconductor optoelectronic devices, such as photocatalysts, solar cells, and radiation detectors. In this paper, the spatiotemporal evolution of photogenerated carriers after excitation is investigated both analytically and numerically, in order to reveal the origin of two contradictory photocarrier motion directions, i.e., separation and ambipolar transport in the semiconductors. An analytical solution of the separation distance between mean positions of photogenerated electrons and holes is derived, which shows that photocarriers will transport ambipolarly in the lifetime regime, where the carrier lifetime τ0 is larger than the dielectric relaxation time τd, and separate spontaneously in the relaxation regime, where τ0<τd. Numerical simulation verifies the analytical results and reveals rich dynamics of carrier transport near the boundary of two regimes. In the lifetime regime, the separation distance rises asymptotically to a polarization distance, while there is a transitional sub-region near the regime boundary where majority carriers go through a separating-ambipolar transformation dynamics. This phenomenon originates from two different components of the drift current. In the relaxation regime, majority carriers deplete because of a larger recombination rate in the minority carrier pulse region. Combining the analytical and numerical results, detailed photocarrier transport dynamics are obtained in the lifetime and relaxation regimes of semiconductors.