bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Feeding Frequency and Ration Level on Growth Performance and Non-Specific Immunity of Juvenile Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) at Different Growth Stages
Authors: Zheng Keke , Liang Mengqing , Fang Wei , Kon Fanhua , Xu Houguo
Published: February 2021

Four growth trials were carried out to optimize a feeding regime for turbot in industrial aquaculture systems at 15±0.5°C. Six ration levels (50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100%) of satiation were tested in trial I and five ration levels (60%, 70%, 80%, 90% and 100%) of satiation were tested in trial III. For optimal feeding frequency, turbot were fed to satiation for 1 meal/day, 2 meals/day, 3 meals/day in trial II, and 1 meal every other day, 1 meal/day, and 2 meals/day in trial IV. The average initial body weight of fish was 28.90±0.07g for trials I & II, and 181.75±1.05g for trials III & IV. Growth performance generally decreased and feed utilization increased with decreasing ration levels, while no significant differences were observed with small sized turbot fed to 80%, 90%, 100% levels of satiation, and with large sized turbot fed to 90% & 100% levels of satiation. There was no increase in size heterogeneity with decreasing ration levels. Ration levels significantly influenced water quality. There were no significant differences in growth and feed efficiency among turbot fed with different feeding frequencies. Feeding small size turbot once a day and large size turbot once every other day at a ration level of 80% satiation is suggested for better feed utilization and less waste output.
Dietary Probiotic Bacillus licheniformis TC22 Increases Growth, Immunity, and Disease Resistance, against Vibrio splendidus Infection in Juvenile Sea Cucumbers Apostichopus japonicus
Authors: Zha Yancui , Yuan Lei , Li Mingzhu , Wan Junli , Wang Yiyan , Sun Hushan
Published: February 2021

In this study we examined the effects of probiotic Bacillus licheniformis TC22 on growth, immunity, and disease resistance against Vibrio splendidus in juvenile sea cucumbers Apostichopus japonicus. For 30 days, sea cucumbers were fed diets with TC22 at 0 (control), 105, 107, and 109 CFU/g respectively. Results showed that dietary TC22 at 109 CFU/g significantly improved (P<0.05) growth of sea cucumbers. Dietary TC22 had no significant effects on total coelomocytes count, acid phosphatase activity, and superoxide dismutase activity in these animals (P>0.05). Dietary TC22 at 109 CFU/g significantly improved phagocytosis, and total nitric oxide synthase activity in sea cucumbers (P<0.05). Compared to the control, dietary TC22 had no significant effects on respiratory burst activity (P>0.05). Respiratory burst in sea cucumbers fed dietary TC22 at 109 CFU/g was significantly higher than those fed dietary TC22 at 107 CFU/g (P<0.05). Cumulative mortality after V. splendidus challenge decreased significantly in the sea cucumbers fed with TC22 at 109 CFU/g (P<0.05). The present study confirmed dietary B. licheniformis TC22 at 109 CFU/g could significantly improve immunity and disease resistance in juvenile A. japonicus.
Establishment of a Multiplex PCR Assay to Detect Five Major Freshwater Bacteria
Authors: Gao Weihua , Ai Kete , Luo Kai , Huang Tinghua , Yao Min , Hu Wei , Fang Liu , Qi Zhitao , Xu Qiaoqing
Published: February 2021

A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) method for simultaneous detection of Aeromonas hydrophila, Streptococcus agalactiae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Edwardsiella tarda, and E. ictalur was developed to rapidly and accurately identify the five most common bacteria that infect aquatic animals. The expected amplicons for ahe2 gene of A. hydrophila, cpsE gene of S. agalactiae, khe gene of K. pneumoniae, mukF gene of E.tarda, and the serC gene of E. ictaluri were 853 bp, 685 bp, 428 bp, 356 bp, and 124 bp, respectively. In the single PCR assays, the minimum detectable DNA contents were 13.2 pg for A. hydrophila, 27.4 pg for S. agalactiae, 1.95 pg for K. pneumoniae, 1.63 pg for E. tarda, 1.02 pg for E. ictalur. The detection limits of the multiplex PCR were 0.66 ng, 1.91 ng, 0.68 ng, 0.41 ng, 0.71 ng for A. hydrophila, S. agalactiae, K. pneumoniae, E. tarda and E. ictalur, respectively. The established multiplex PCR is significant for the rapid detection of common pathogenic bacteria of aquatic animals and provides the basis for the diagnosis of fish diseases.
Histopathological Changes in Gills, Liver, and Kidney Tissues of Bighead Carp (Aristichthys nobilis) Due to the Effects of Acute High-Temperature Stress
Authors: Aboka E.R. , Jian Z. , Shengming S. , Wuxiao Z. , Han Y. , Li S.Y. , Jiahui Y. , Jiabin Z.
Published: February 2021

Histopathological evaluation of fish tissues is a reliable method for detecting exposure to toxins and other environmental perturbations that cause stress or even death. This study aimed to evaluate the histopathological changes that might occur in the internal organs of Bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis) following acute high-temperature stress. By examining tissues sampled at various timepoints after heat shock (3, 6, 12, and 24 hours), we observed severe anatomical alterations in three vital organs. In the gills, epithelial lifting and edema, blood congestion, primary lamellae thickening, and secondary lamellae curling, shortening, and fusion were evident. In the liver, karyolysis, necrosis, hyperemia, dilation of sinusoids, nuclear hypertrophy, and congestion of the central vein were observed. Kidneys displayed dilation of the Bowman’s space, an increase in the diameter of the renal tubules, hyperemia, shrinkage and congestion of the glomeruli, and tubular necrosis. Cumultaively, this analysis indicates that Bighead carp are highly susceptible to changes in environmental temperature, and rapid intervention is required in response to temperature disruptions during aquaculture. This study will therefore encourage aquaculturists to closely monitor culture temperatures for this economically important species of fish.
Effect of Extender Compositions, Glycerol Levels, and Thawing Rates on Motility and Fertility of Cryopreserved Wild African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Sperm
Authors: Bozkurt Y. , Yavaş İlker
Published: February 2021

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different extenders, glycerol levels, and thawing rates on post-thaw sperm motility and fertilization ability of cryopreserved African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) sperm. Having determined the main spermatological properties (volume, motility, motility duration, spermatozoa concentration and pH), the pooled ejaculates were diluted with 3 different extenders containing different glycerol levels (5, 10 and 15%) respectively. Dilution ratio was 1:10 and the diluted sperm was packaged in 0.25 ml straws and left for 10 min equilibration at 4ºC. Following equilibration, the straws were exposed to liquid nitrogen vapor for 10 min and plunged into liquid nitrogen (-196ºC), and then exposed to different thawing rates (30ºC/20s and 40ºC/20s) to determine sperm motility and post-thaw motility duration. The highest post-thaw sperm motility, motility duration, and fertilization rate was 85%, 81s, and 95% respectively when sperm was frozen with the extender (ACSE 3) containing 15% glycerol (p<0.05). The protocol reported in this study can be successfully used for cryopreservation of African catfish sperm.
Expression of Sox5, Sox8 and Sox9 Genes in Golden Pompano Trachinotus ovatus (Linnaeus 1758) Larvae During Ontogeny and in Response to Water Temperature
Authors: Ma Z. , Fu M. , Peng X. , Qin J.G.
Published: February 2021

Sox5, Sox8, and Sox9 genes in golden pompano larvae were cloned and analyzed in this study. In the first trial, the expression of Sox genes during ontogeny of fish larvae in the first 18 days was examined, after which the expression of Sox genes in tissues was evaluated on 18 days post hatching (DPH). Subsequently, the response of Sox genes to water temperature (23, 26, and 29oC) on day 12 DPH and 18 DPH were compared. The expression levels of Sox8, Sox9a, and Sox9b peaked around 2 DPH before first feeding during fish ontogeny, and remained at low levels from 3-18 DPH. The expressions of Sox5 and Sox9a were affected by water temperature on 12 DPH and 18 DPH, while the expression of Sox8 was not affected by water temperature on 12 DPH and 18 DPH. The expression of Sox9b was affected by water temperature on 12 DPH. This study detected gene expression of Sox5, Sox8, and Sox9 at the early stage of development of golden pompano larvae. The time dependent expression of Sox genes in fish larvae is important for the understanding of bone ontogeny of fish larvae in early life.
Dietary Effect of Probiotic Bacteria, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens-JFP2 on Growth and Innate Immune Response in Rock Bream Oplegnathus fasciatus, Challenged with Streptococcus iniae
Authors: Kim D-H. , Subramanian D. , Heo M-S.
Published: February 2021

The present study was conducted to evaluate the use of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens as a probiotic source in the diet of rock bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus. A total of 210 fingerlings (25.4 ± 0.13 g) were divided into two groups, three replicates each; control (C) and probiotic (P) group (35×3=105 fish per group). C group was fed a basal diet without probiotic while P group was fed with B. amyloliquefaciens spores at a concentration of 1.4 ×106 colony-forming units per gram (CFU/g) of feed. After 90 days, P group fish showed significant improvements in body weight (BW), weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR) and food conversion ratio (FCR) when compared with C group fish. Also, in bi-weekly assessments, serum protein and glucose level showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in probiotic fed fish compared with the control group. Similar increase in serum antioxidant and lysozyme activity was found in the probiotic fed fish group. However, there was a significant decrease in triglyceride and total cholesterol along with increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate amonotransferase (AST) levels in probiotic diet fed fish compared to the control. After seventy days the fish were challenged with Streptococcus iniae and mortality of the probiotic fed fish was significantly lower (p<0.05) when compared with the control. These results demonstrate the benefit of incorporation of B. amyloliquefaciens as a feed supplement to improve the health status of Oplegnathus fasciatus challenged with Streptococcus iniae.
Emergency airway management in a Singapore centre: A registry study
Authors: Chan Gene Wai Han , Chai Chew Yian , Teo Joy Su-Yue , Tjio Calvin Kai En , Chua Mui Teng , Brown Calvin A III
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Introduction: Intubations in the emergency department (ED) are often performed immediately without the benefit of pre-selection or the ability to defer. Multicentre observational data provide a framework for understanding emergency airway management but regional practice variation may exist. We aim to describe the intubation indications, prevalence of difficult airway features, peri-intubation adverse events and intubator characteristics in the ED of the National University Hospital, Singapore. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study over a period of 31 months from 1 March 2016 to 28 September 2018. Information regarding each intubation attempt, such as indications for intubation, airway assessment, intubation techniques used, peri-intubation adverse events, and clinical outcomes, was collected and described. Results: There were 669 patients, with male predominance (67.3%, 450/669) and mean age of 60.9 years (standard deviation [SD] 18.1). Of these, 25.6% were obese or grossly obese and majority were intubated due to medical indications (84.8%, 567/669). Emergency physicians’ initial impression of difficult airway correlated with a higher grade of glottis view on laryngoscopy. First-pass intubation success rate was 86.5%, with hypoxia (11.2%, 75/669) and hypotension (3.7%, 25/669) reported as the two most common adverse events. Majority was rapid sequence intubation (67.3%, 450/669) and the device used was most frequently a video laryngoscope (75.6%, 506/669). More than half of the intubations were performed by postgraduate clinicians in year 5 and above, clinical fellows or attending physicians. Conclusion: In our centre, the majority of emergency intubations were performed for medical indications by senior doctors utilising rapid sequence intubation and video laryngoscopy with good ffirst-attempt success. Keywords: Difficult airway, emergency services, intubation, peri-intubation adverse events, rapid sequence induction
Teleophthalmology and its evolving role in a COVID-19 pandemic: A scoping
review
Authors: Chong Jiamin Charmaine , Tan Chai-Hoon Nowel , Chen David Z
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Teleophthalmology may assist the healthcare sector in adapting to limitations imposed on
clinical practice by a viral pandemic. A scoping review is performed in this study to assess the current
applications of teleophthalmology for its suitability to diagnose, monitor or manage ophthalmological
conditions with accuracy.
Methods: A search of PubMed was conducted for teleophthalmology-related articles published from
1 January 2018 to 4 May 2020. Only articles that focused on the use of teleophthalmology in terms of
diagnosis and management, as well as its benefits and detriments, were included. The Mixed Methods
Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used to assess the quality of the included articles.
Results: A total of 38 articles were assessed at the full-text level. There were 2 qualitative studies and
1 quantitative randomised controlled trial, while the majority were either quantitative descriptive studies
(19, 50.0%) or quantitative non-randomised studies (16, 42.1%). Overall, 8 studies described reducing
manpower requirements, 4 described reducing direct patient–doctor contact, 17 described storage of
medical imaging and clinical data, and 9 described real-time teleconferencing. The MMAT analysis
revealed limitations in appropriate sampling strategy in both quantitative non-randomised studies (9 of
16, 56.3%) and quantitative descriptive studies (9 of 19, 47.4%). Cost-effectiveness of teleophthalmology
was not performed in any included study.
Conclusion: This current review of the various aspects of teleophthalmology describes how it may
potentially assist the healthcare sector to cope with the limitations imposed by a viral pandemic through
technology. Further research is required to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the various strategies.

Keywords: Artificial intelligence, health informatics, ophthalmology, teleconsultation, telemedicine
Nasal Septal Perforation: Experience of Management
Authors: Kuzu Selçuk , Günebakan Çağlar
Published: February 2021

Introduction
Nasal septal perforation is the loss of composite tissue comprising the mucosa, bone or cartilage structures that form the nasal septum. Nasal septum perforation has many causes. Though it may be idiopathic, the most common causes are iatrogenic like nasal surgeries. Among other reasons are septal hematoma, nasal picking habit, nasal cauterization due to nosebleeds, nasotracheal intubation, cocaine use, vasculitis, inflammatory diseases such as sarcoidosis, This study aims to review the approach to management of patients with nasal septal perforation who underwent repair of the perforation in a tertiary clinic, in the light of current literature.
Materials and Methods
In this study, the records of 27 patients who were diagnosed with nasal septal perforation and treated surgically in a tertiary clinic, between January 2015 and June 2019 were reviewed retrospectively.
Results
The successful closure rate of perforations was 74%. In 4 of 7 patients whose perforations were not completely closed, the perforation size was larger than 2 cm in diameter.
Conclusion
Successful repair of nasal septal perforation depends largely on the cause, location, size of the perforation, cartilage bone tissue on the perforation edges, surgical technique and the surgeon's experience.
The Use of Serial Non EPI DWI MRI Scans to Determine the Growth of Cholesteatoma
Authors: Smith Wendy K , Naidu Leena , Kowdley Subrahmanyam Hemanth
Published: February 2021

Introduction 
It is an established practice to use non-EPI DWI MRI scans to detect the presence of cholesteatoma post operatively.  In the present era of Covid-19 where routine surgery to remove cholesteatoma has been suspended resulting in potentially unprecedented demands on the service, a review of serial MRI scans performed over a 7 year period was undertaken to determine the rate of growth of cholesteatoma.
Materials and Methods 
A retrospective longitudinal study identified 24 middle ear cholesteatomas in 17 patients with serial non-EPI DWI MRI scans (having excluded those having surgical intervention between scans) for a median period of 33 months (range of 6-91 months).  Cholesteatomas were measured by the first author and by the consultant radiologist.
Results  
Of 24 cholesteatomas, 1 resolved completely, 5 reduced, 6 stayed the same size, 4 grew slowly and 8 grew significantly.
Conclusion  
Non-EPI DWI MRI scans to determine cholesteatoma growth in asymptomatic ears is useful in triaging patients in the Covid-19 era.
Vies parallèles. Deux diplomates bibliophiles hongrois entre Occident et Orient : François de Tott et Charles Émeric de Reviczky
Authors: Tóth Ferenc
Published: February 2021

Cet article porte sur deux diplomates hongrois – les barons François de Tott (1733-1793) et Charles Émeric de Reviczky (1737-1793) – passés au service de deux puissances, la France et l’Autriche, au XVIIIe siècle. Tous deux étaient experts en langues orientales, écrivains et collectionneurs de livres et de manuscrits. Leurs bibliothèques, dont nous disposons des catalogues, au moins partiels, nous renseignent sur leurs intérêts, leurs goûts et ressources intellectuelles. La comparaison de leurs parcours, leur activités politiques et littéraires, ainsi que leur bibliophilie, nous permettent de découvrir deux intellectuels cultivés qui jouèrent un rôle d’intermédiaire important entre les cultures occidentale et orientale.
Les ouvrages religieux français et leur rôle dans l’activité missionnaire de la Congrégation de la Mission de saint Vincent de Paul en Pologne aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles
Authors: Wieczorek Agnieszka
Published: February 2021

En 1651, la reine Louise Marie fit venir en Pologne la Congrégation de la Mission fondée par Vincent de Paul, marquant ainsi le début de l’installation des lazaristes sur ce territoire. Parmi les différentes activités qu’ils exerçaient dans les domaines de l’instruction et de l’édition, les missions ont toujours occupé une place primordiale. Pour mener à bien celles-ci, les prêtres avaient besoin de livres (manuels, catéchismes et prières) qu’ils faisaient venir de France, et traduisaient ensuite en polonais. Parmi les catéchismes les plus fréquemment utilisés se trouve un livre de prières français, traduit en polonais sous le titre Powinności chrześcijańskie, to jest co każdy chrześcijanin wiedzieć i czynić powinien, aby być zbawionym (Varsovie, 1687). À la fin du XVIIIe siècle, prenant en considération les besoins des lecteurs, on demanda à l’imprimerie de la Congrégation à Varsovie de publier une version lituanienne de ce livre. L’article s’attache à restituer le rôle des publications religieuses françaises dans l’activité missionnaire de la Congrégation en Pologne.
Le livre français dans les bibliothèques des aristocrates hongrois au XVIIIe siècle
Authors: Monok István
Published: February 2021

À partir du milieu du XVIIe siècle, le livre de langue française commence à occuper une place de plus en plus importante dans les collections de l’aristocratie hongroise. Il s’agit, en premier lieu, d’ouvrages historiques et de belles-lettres mais, au milieu du XVIIIe siècle, des titres théoriques – théorie politique, philosophie – s’y rencontrent aussi en nombre croissant. Les aristocrates hongrois complètent quelquefois leurs connaissances en théologie en ayant recours à des publications de langue française. Il convient de souligner que les résultats des recherches dans le domaine de la présence du livre français paraissent confirmer l’intuition de ceux qui ont mis en valeur l’élargissement de l’abîme culturel séparant les différentes couches de la société hongroise. Les aristocrates – surtout ceux qui vivent non loin de Vienne – s’éloignent dans leur goût et dans leurs choix culturels, non seulement des intellectuels bourgeois, mais aussi de la majorité de la société nobiliaire.
Le projet ACTUAL (1982-1993), un impossible « Palais idéal » pour le surréalisme
Authors: Foucault Anne
Published: February 2021

Durant les années 1980, l’association ACTUAL, créée par plusieurs membres du dernier groupe surréaliste réuni autour d’ André Breton (Jean Schuster, Gérard Legrand, Philippe Audoin), tenta d’ouvrir à Paris le « Palais idéal du surréalisme », un centre de documentation qui aurait inventorié les archives surréalistes disséminées autour du monde. Tout d’abord lié à la Bibliothèque littéraire Jacques Doucet, le projet entendait promouvoir auprès d’un large public une vision collective du mouvement. En s’appuyant sur les archives de l’association, cet article montre en quoi ce projet se distinguait de l’approche académique du surréalisme à une époque où la spéculation autour de l’art et des archives surréalistes devint de plus en plus importante. Au-delà de son échec, l’étude des débats suscités par ACTUAL expose les principales contradictions de la patrimonialisation d’un mouvement subversif comme le surréalisme.
Le Véritable Mentor de Louis-Antoine Caraccioli
Authors: Roszak Stanisław
Published: February 2021

Louis-Antoine Caraccioli, né en 1719 et mort 1803 à Paris, était un écrivain français, auteur d’ouvrages littéraires, historiques, politiques et théologiques, et auteur d’un guide français de voyage, Le Véritable Mentor, ou l’éducation de la noblesse (1755). Il a également écrit sur l’histoire de la Pologne : Lettres à une illustre morte décédée en Pologne depuis peu de temps (1770), La Pologne telle qu’elle a été, telle qu’elle est, telle qu’elle sera (1775). En Pologne, il fut le gouverneur des enfants du prince Wacław Rzewuski, grand général et premier sénateur du royaume. Le Véritable Mentor était destiné à l’élite de la noblesse. Il comporte des conseils sur la façon de voyager en toute sécurité, quels endroits visiter, quelle compagnie fréquenter. Grâce aux lettres de l’auteur au prince Rzewuski – Caraccioli accompagnait ses fils à travers l’Europe – nous avons pu en apprendre davantage sur les détails du voyage. Nous pouvons confronter les directives contenues dans le livre à la réalité des déplacements à Vienne, Rome et Paris grâce aux lettres et au livre de dépenses conservés aux Archives nationales de Cracovie et à la Bibliothèque nationale de Varsovie. Cet ouvrage offre un excellent exemple de l’influence de la pensée française sur l’éducation de la noblesse en Pologne, mais il est davantage marqué par la tendance du « catholicisme éclairé » que par le courant des philosophes.
La Monarchie des Habsbourg et le Saint-Empire d’après les Voyages de Montesquieu
Authors: Kalmar János
Published: February 2021

Dans ses récits de voyage, Montesquieu écrivit peu d’observations sur les États de la Maison de Habsbourg. Ils ne lui servirent pas de modèle pour sa réflexion sur les systèmes politiques. Il goûta pourtant les charmes de son séjour à Vienne. Mais, arrivé à Venise, il y critiqua le poids de la domination autrichienne, avant que la découverte du système prussien ne le conduisît à reconsidérer la « douceur » du gouvernement des Habsbourg.
L’héritage religieux de Gottfried Keller
Authors: Bouveresse Jacques , Imbach Ruedi
Published: February 2021

Pourquoi Ludwig Wittgenstein était-il fasciné par certaines œuvres du grand écrivain suisse Gottfried Keller ? Cette question a intrigué Jacques Bouveresse et le fruit de cette interrogation a donné son ouvrage Le danseur et sa corde, Wittgenstein, Tolstoï, Nietzsche, Gottfried Keller et les difficultés de la foi (Marseille, Agone, 2014). Dans l’échange qui suit, organisé en mai 2017 par la section genevoise de la Société suisse de philosophie, Jacques Bouveresse et Ruedi Imbach se penchent sur le titre de cet ouvrage, sur l’intention qui a présidé à sa rédaction, mais aussi sur la critique aiguë du christianisme institutionnel, surtout dans sa version doctrinale et doctrinaire, dans certaines œuvres de Keller, ainsi que sur le fort intérêt de Wittgenstein pour ces œuvres et pour cette critique. Les deux auteurs s’accordent pour dire que le christianisme ne s’enseigne pas : il est plutôt quelque chose qui relève de la vie.
Exclusion de la synagogue et construction de l’identité croyante dans les communautés johanniques
Authors: Zumstein Jean
Published: February 2021

Même si son déroulement historique exact demeure une énigme, l’exclusion des communautés johanniques de la synagogue a été un accélérateur décisif dans la construction de leur identité croyante. Ce processus peut être décrit d’un double point de vue. Premièrement, il s’effectue à travers une transformation du rapport à la tradition juive. Si l’autorité de la Bible hébraïque n’est pas mise en question, en revanche, les marqueurs identitaires du judaïsme synagogal (le Temple, les prescriptions de pureté rituelle, l’observance du sabbat, la circoncision) sont l’objet d’une profonde réinterprétation, voire d’une abrogation. Deuxièmement, cette redéfinition du rapport à la tradition vétérotestamentaire-juive s’accompagne de l’apparition de nouveaux marqueurs identitaires que sont, par exemple, le baptême et l’eucharistie. À quoi il faut ajouter la naissance d’une école théologique et d’un corpus d’écrits ayant rang d’Écriture, d’une nouvelle définition de l’apostolat, de la création de nouvelles formes d’organisation ecclésiales.
STABILITY ANALYSIS FOR SEED COTTON YIELD OF NEWLY DEVELOPED UPLAND COTTON GENOTYPES
Authors: Abro S. , Rajput M. T. , Sial M. A. , Deho Z. A. , Rizwan M.
Published: February 2021

Sixteen newly evolved upland cotton strains developed through conventional and mutation breeding techniques along with two commercial check varieties viz., CIM-496 and CRIS-134 were evaluated two years at five locations in province of Sindh, Pakistan. Information was recorded on seed cotton yield from all location and analyzed statistically. To assess the stability for yield between genotypes and stomata studies was performed. The results from the combine analysis of variance depicted that the mean square for seed-cotton yield for genotypes and genotype x environment interaction (G × E) were highly significant. Genotypes NIA-M-30 showed the maximum seed cotton yield (3.509 ton/ha) with low regression coefficient (b=0.893) and deviation from regression coefficient (S2d=0.015). Other four genotypes viz., NIA-80, NIA-83, NIA-Bt-2 and NIA-Perkh also produced higher yield (3.36, 3.32, 3.31and 3.25 ton/ha respectively) with regression coefficient (b=0.972, 0.918, 0.99 and 0.916 respectively) and deviation from regression coefficient (S2d=0.025, 0.003, 0.00 and 0.024 respectively), indicated wide adaptability to the range of environments. While the cotton genotypes NIA-HM-327, NIA-84 and NIA-HM48 showed high regression coefficient (b= 1.204, 1.331 and 1.291 respectively), which suggest their specific adaptation to favourable environments.
Effects of a Sport Education Intervention on Students’ Self-Esteem and Sport Confidence in University Badminton Classes
Authors: So Hosung , Ha Taemin , Yu Hyeonho , Gentry Christopher
Published: February 2021

The purpose of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of a sport education curriculum model in improving self-esteem and state sport competency. Students in the sport education group reported significant pre- to post-intervention increases in self-esteem, but not in the state sport competence. The results could be interpreted by Vealey’s (1986) recommendations that the state sport competence is hypothesized to be positively related to performance orientation primarily focused in general college physical activity class, and negatively related to outcome orientation which is a core element of the SEM. However, self-esteem is positively related to outcome orientation (e.g., feelings of success, accomplishment, belongings, team affiliation, and formal competition). Similar to Wallhead and Ntoumanis’ (2004) study, although a primary goal of sport education is to develop competence in sport (Siedentop, 1994), implementation of the course SEM may indirectly affect the SEM’s potential for developing student skill. The lack of significant improvement in the sport education student’s state sport competence might be due to the relatively short duration of the intervention and fewer opportunities for students to practice skills in badminton that is easy to play but hard to master. Further research is required to examine the potential effect on student skill development and perceptions of competence in the sport education courses.
Korean Sports Crime and Its Responsibility for the Enactments of Sports Law
Authors: Kim Jisu , Ha Daesu , Son Sungwon , Kim Jaegyun
Published: February 2021

Sports are a significant part of people’s lives around the world. According to modern sports theory, sports are defined as “the sum of physical activities as games and play including competition” (Ryu, 2001, p.11). In Korea, along with the expansion of various areas (i.e., education, economy, etc.), improvements in sports are being made at the national and cultural level. Accordingly, sports-related laws are also being reorganized by enacting important principles (Kang, 2005). The purpose of this paper is to discuss the history and theory of sports law and sports crimes in Korea by referring to existing studies. In Korea, sports crimes are currently addressed by only a few general laws, such as Article 1 of the National Sports Promotion Act and Article 1 of the Sports Industry Promotion Act, that cannot deal with many different types of sports crimes. The field of sports will develop more and more, and it would lead to more crimes. It is highly required to strengthen and supplement sports laws to protect people’s rights and interests, and by extension, the movement would create a healthier sports community.
Biological and Physical Interactions at Local Ocean Scales: Coupled Systems
Authors: Boatwright Victoria , Fox-Kemper Baylor
Published: February 2021

Physical and biogeochemical processes that influence primary production set Earth’s carbon and heat budgets. While these processes have long been the focus of research, high resolution models to investigate local phenomena have only recently been developed, and two-way coupling between oceanic physics and biology is only recently getting attention due to computational power. With these new developments, it is possible to study the mechanisms through which these processes interact at both global and regional scales to shape Earth’s climate, which is the goal of this paper. This paper introduces oceanic physical phenomena at submesoscales to global scales –like mixed layer depth and turbulent structures–and the relationship of smaller scale events with biological factors. It discusses the implications of these relationships for primary production. After an introductory explanation of turbulence, primarily in the form of eddies and fronts, and the effects of internal instability and surface forcing, this paper emphasizes the contributions of those phenomena (turbulence, internal instability, and surface forcing)to vertical velocities and the influence of vertical transport on biology. Next, it introduces biogeochemical feedbacks, concerning both large scale population dynamics and increased absorption of radiation at the submesoscale, to consider their impacts on physical dynamics and regional climates. Finally, the paper compiles equations of irradiance and variables of significance, suggesting terms that could produce meaningful responses to variations in phytoplankton populations. The paper highlights the importance of understanding physical-biogeochemical relationships and suggests directions for future research, particularly areas related to global warming or abrupt climate change.
Policy Brief: Comparison and Recommendations for State COVID-19 Responses of New Mexico and Utah
Authors: Aminpour Ariyand
Published: February 2021

New Mexico has seen a steady increase in SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) cases, but compared to Utah, New Mexico has kept case numbers low due to important mitigation policies passed by Governor Michelle Grisham. The goals and priorities of each state’s governor contributed to the policies and severity of restrictions in each state. Governor Grisham’s mask, mass gathering, and interstate quarantine policies are restrictions that she deems necessary in order to mitigate the spread and save lives. Governor Gary Herbert has valued economic recovery as opposed to virus mitigation, which is reflected in his lenient restrictions. In the immediate future, Governor Cox, Governor Herbert’s successor as of January, should enact the same mask, mass gathering, and interstate quarantine policies as New Mexico; both states should then reassess the list of states that people need to quarantine from, given that 21 states hit records for 7-day average of COVID-19 cases, as of October 11, in order to get transmission under control. Additionally, if COVID-19 transmission is slowed, mass gathering restrictions can be reassessed to allow for larger gatherings but should stay tightly restricted until that point.
Reimagining the New World Order Post-Covid-19
Authors: Hussain Maqsood
Published: February 2021

The Novel Corona Virus, 2019 (Covid-19) may prove a watershed moment in the history of international relations. As the Covid-19 rages, the USA and China are embroiled in deep political and strategic conflict. The paper argues that the long-standing tussle over control of global order will intensify and result in its major metamorphosis. It is further argued that changed geopolitical order will see a significant rise of China and the relative decline of the USA which will have far-reaching implications for the multilateral institutions and regimes, one of the special areas of focus of this paper. Though the relative balance of power will potentially shift in favor of China feeding the narrative of counter-hegemonic balancing, yet it would be misleading to conclude the demise of the US-led global order in the foreseeable future. I further argue that the potential and capability of China to dislodge the US from the superpower status and assume the leadership of global order is beset with tremendous roadblocks. The paper concludes with some policy insights for the US foreign policy as to how the rise of China can be tamed and accommodated in the existing order without involving the use of coercion or risking a great-power war.
Variation Comparison of OLS and GLS Estimators using Monte Carlo Simulation of Linear Regression Model with Autoregressive Scheme
Authors: AliKhan Sajid , Khurshid Sayyad , Akhtar Tooba , Khurshid Kashmala
Published: February 2021

In this research we discusses to Ordinary Least Squares and Generalized Least Squares techniques and estimate with First Order Autoregressive scheme from different correlation levels by using simple linear regression model. A comparison has been made between these two methods on the basis of variances results. For the purpose of comparison, we use simulation of Monte Carlo study and the experiment is repeated 5000 times. We use sample sizes 50, 100, 200, 300 and 500, and observe the influence of different sample sizes on the estimators.

By comparing variances of OLS and GLS at different values of sample sizes and correlation levels with , we found that variance of ( ) at sample size 500, OLS and GLS gives similar results but at sample size 50 variance of GLS ( ) has minimum values as compared to OLS. So it is clear that variance of GLS ( ) is best. Similarly variance of ( ) from OLS and GLS at sample size 500 and correlation -0.05 with , GLS give minimum value as compared to all other sample sizes and correlations.

By comparing overall results of Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Generalized Least Squares (GLS), we conclude that in large samples both are gives similar results but small samples GLS is best fitted as compared to OLS.
Website Vulnerabilities Attacks and Negative Impacts
Authors: Bhatt Hetal Rajendrakumar
Published: February 2021

In today's modern age, everyone from the individual to an ad company has the support of technology, from the youngest child to the oldest, likewise as from the unemployed to the lender, using all the technology. In a smart phone or computer, the globe seems to own passed the time. Not only household necessities like home groceries, clothes, utensils, furniture, equipment but also hotel booking, restaurant, hospital appointment, tourism, railway-bus-flight booking, stock exchange likewise as important banking industry are related to this. Now that everything is occurring online, most are expecting everything in their own backyard. Websites or applications are created for online work, further as websites are designed in HTML. HTML is that the simple design language so it code is shown all told browsers. This paper try and show how far hackers can make the most of this simplicity and the way much impact it's on user information.
Change in Learning Environment during Covid-19 Pandemic: A Study from Students Perspective
Authors: Das Dr. Diganta Kumar
Published: February 2021

Covid-19 Pandemic is a situation which affects mostly on economic life of the households and thereby also affects the education style of the students in almost worldwide. Today the system of education shift from offline education to the online learning. The online education does not reach all the students particularly living in rural areas. Unavailability of electricity, mobile phones, laptops having internet facility, bad network connection in rural areas, poor background of BPL families etc. are the numerous issues because of which the online education will not reached the poor students in rural areas. Under this drawback a study on attitude of college students on online learning environment in rural flood affected areas of Assam has been undertaken. A total of 150 degree students at Brahmaputra Valley of Assam have been randomly collected. For the purpose of the study Lakhimpur district of Assam was purposively selected by the researcher. The analysis of the study concludes that there is a positive contact of online learning on students during Pandemic situation. But the students living rural areas are deprived from getting the benefit of online learning in the district under study.
Web Application for Automobile Services
Authors: Bachuwar Mrs. Swetha , Veena Mrs. V.
Published: February 2021

A vehicle breakdown is the mechanical failure of a motor vehicle in such a way that the underlying problem prevents the vehicle from being operated at all, or impedes the vehicle's operation so much, that it is very difficult, nearly impossible, or dangerous to operate. Vehicle breakdowns have various causes. Depending on the nature of the problem, the vehicle may or may not need to be towed to an automobile repair shop. To aid such inconveniences building an application that facilitates the user to contact the nearby mechanic shops and choose the services required is an optimal solution. The workshop must be able to display their services and cost on their profile. Users must be able to register and login to cart the required services. The users must then be able to confirm the location, service time slot and complete the checkout process. In case, the services aren’t available the user must be able to view the nearby parking locations, towing options or book a cab.
Elaboración de planchas celu-plásticas a través del reciclaje de celulosa residual y tereftalato de polietileno (pet)
Authors: Albiño Fernando , Mora Diego , Mosguidt Diana , Sobenis Gladys , Velasco Carlos , Arellano Lenin
Published: February 2021

En la búsqueda de presentar un producto sustituto con mejores cualidades que la madera natural, se decidió producir madera plástica por medio de la combinación de celulosa y polietileno de tereftalato (PET). Dentro de la Provincia Bolívar, Cantón San Miguel, la  principal fuente de ingreso es la agricultura, la cual genera grandes cantidades de desechos vegetales los que no se han expuesto a un adecuado proceso de eliminación, considerando también que dentro del medio existe grandes cantidades de desechos generados por productos de consumo masivo aumentando el nivel de contaminación. Generar un nuevo producto y bajar los niveles de contaminación en el medio son el propósito fundamental, es por esto que se ha combinado estos dos tipos de desechos: celulosa residual y polietileno de tereftalato a través del método de exposición al calor con la cual se origina una plancha celu-plástica mucho más resistente a inclemencias ambientales, pudiendo industrializarse.
Maxillary Second Molar with a Rare Palatal Root Canal Morphology: A Case Report
Authors: Mital Prachi , Srivastava Harshit , Sen Pooja
Published: February 2021

Knowledge of the root canal anatomy and its variations is essential for successful completion of the endodontic treatment. Root canal treatment of maxillary second molars with aberrant canal configuration can be challenging. The incidence of two palatal canals in a palatal root is quite rare in maxillary molars. The novel diagnostic aids such as cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) help in the successful management of such cases. This case report describes the successful diagnosis and treatment of a maxillary second molar with two palatal canals, merging at the apical third of the root.

How to cite this article: Sen P, Prasad AB, Mital P, et al. Maxillary Second Molar with a Rare Palatal Root Canal Morphology: A Case Report. J Mahatma Gandhi Univ Med Sci Tech 2020;5(1):23–25.
Role of Grayscale and Color Doppler Ultrasonography in Evaluation of Scrotal Pathologies
Authors: Singh Rohit , Prabha Tushar , Arora Sankalp
Published: February 2021

Aim and objective

To study the spectrum of sonographic findings of various scrotal swellings and to assess the efficacy of grayscale and color Doppler sonography in the diagnosis of scrotal lesions.

Materials and methods

The group under study was comprised of 100 patients of all age groups with acute scrotal pain, painless, or painful scrotal swelling. All patients were scanned with the linear probe on the ultrasound machines GE Voluson S6, Toshiba Xario 100/Toshiba Acuson X 300 from January 2015 to November 2016.

Results

There were 128 various sonographic findings in total, at the final diagnosis, as some of the patients had more than one findings. Hydrocele was the most frequent fluid collection, one with the fluid being confined to the tunica vaginalis cavity (92.3%). Varicocele comprised 11% of the total number of cases. At the final diagnosis, there were 11 cases of orchitis (57.1%), some of the patients had more than one of the above three pathologies in different combinations. An incidence of inguinoscrotal hernia was noted in 8%.

Conclusion

High-resolution sonography with color Doppler imaging could reliably define the morphological features and vascularity of scrotal lesions. Sonography was highly accurate in evaluating the consistency of scrotal mass—solid or cystic. Color Doppler was found extremely sensitive in the diagnosis and differentiation of testicular torsion and inflammation especially in the case of equivocal grayscale findings. Varicoceles were accurately diagnosed using color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI). The present study concludes that high-resolution sonography should be used as a first-line investigation. CDFI adds useful information and complement grayscale sonography in reaching a quick and correct diagnosis.

How to cite this article

Prabha T, Singh R, Arora S. Role of Grayscale and Color Doppler Ultrasonography in Evaluation of Scrotal Pathologies. J Mahatma Gandhi Univ Med Sci Tech 2020;5(1):16–22.
The entangled field of temporary urbanism
Authors: Ferreri Mara
Published: February 2021

The chapter analyses the emergence of pop-up and temporary urbanism
in the UK after the 2008 global financial crisis as an entangled field made
of competing narratives and representations. Media coverage, public
events and self-representation are discussed to outline how official and
unofficial narratives are constructed, mobilised and performed. Focusing
on London, it presents a critical cultural discussion of transfers and translations
between central and local government officers, property investors
and estate agents, and third-sector ‘meanwhile space’ intermediaries.
Temporary urbanism at times of post-crisis austerity is confirmed as an
ambiguous urban cultural discourse that raises the promise of practices
of dissent and vacant space re-appropriation, such as community-oriented
radical practices and squatting, while practically foreclosing them.
How the Predicament Arose
Authors: Kaufmann Lena
Published: February 2021

This chapter describes how the paddy field-migration predicament
has emerged. It argues that the Chinese state has been a major driver
of the current situation through its rural policies, which provide both
constraints and opportunities with regard to possible household strategies
at the nexus of farming and migration. Special attention is paid to the
widespread adoption of post-Green Revolution farming technologies
that have set free agricultural labour. These transformations are placed
into the context of de-collectivization and marketization, the abolition
of the collective welfare system, the new urban economy, and loosened
migration restrictions – all of which have pushed peasant farmers to
migrate and enhanced their precarity, which in turn makes them want
to protect their fields as a safety net.
Land-Use Strategies
Authors: Kaufmann Lena
Published: February 2021

This chapter describes the land-use and land-arrangement strategies that
Chinese migrant and left-behind rice farmers use to manage their farmland
and off-farm migration. These include both social and technical strategies
– only some of which accord with state expectations – such as leaving
behind family members, building houses on farmland, using labour-saving
technologies, switching from rice to cash crops, or even abandoning
fields. Using specific household cases, the chapter demonstrates how
peasants draw on a wide repertoire of available resources to handle their
situation. Shedding light on the logics behind these decisions, it argues
that, in taking seemingly technical agricultural decisions, farmers are in
fact pursuing various long-term and short-term projects that best match
their fluctuating current and anticipated future household situation.
Introduction
Authors: Kaufmann Lena
Published: February 2021

This introduction introduces the basic predicament being faced by rice
farmers in post-reform China: the conflicting pressures to both migrate
into cities and yet preserve their family land resources in the countryside.
It posits that paddy fields play a crucial role in shaping farmers’
migration strategies. More generally, it proposes that socio-technical
resources and related skills are key factors in understanding migration
flows and migrant-home relations. Furthermore, the chapter proposes a
socio-technical approach to investigating this paddy field predicament
and explains how this approach contributes to existing literature at the
intersection of the literature on agriculture, migration, and skill. Finally,
it introduces the main field site, a rice-farming village in southern China,
and briefly discusses the data and sources.