bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Why me” The Cry of widows living in Mzuzu city, Malawi
Authors: Chipolombwe Vivien , Botha Janet , Chilinda Idesi
Published: November 2023

This study aimed at exploring the lived experiences of widows in an urban area of Mzuzu. Although limited in number, research on widowhood has been conducted in isolated locations. The study was done to understand how widows endure social-cultural difficulties through their lived experiences while living in the city. Data were gathered from ten (n = 10) participants using in-depth interviews. Both purposive and snowball sampling approaches were used to recruit study participants. Data were analyzed using Riesman’s approach of thematic narrative analysis. Findings reveal experiences of violence, deprivation, social stigma, and psychological trauma among the widows. This study suggests the need for religious leaders to speak out against the malpractice and the judiciary, media and civil rights organizations to strengthen public education regarding malpractice.
Comparative Analysis of VGG19, ResNet50, and GoogLeNet Inception Models for BCI
Authors: Kolla Bala Seswitha , Reddy Bonam Rekha , Sahithi Sanumuri Venkata , Madala Lakshmi Priya
Published: November 2023

A brain-computer interface (BCI) is a system that allows an individual to communicate with a computer or other external device using brain activity alone. Electroencephalography (EEG) is a common approach for detecting brain activity in BCI systems, as it provides a non-invasive measure of brain activity with high temporal resolution. Deep learning methods, such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs), have been applied to the analysis of EEG data for BCI applications, and have shown promising results in terms of accuracy and reliability. In this literature survey, we reviewed the use of CNNs for the classification of EEG data in real time to identify specific brain commands. Challenges to the development of an effective BCI using EEG and deep learning methods include the variability of EEG signals across individuals and the high dimensionality of the EEG data. Further research is needed to address these challenges and improve the accuracy and reliability of BCI systems using deep learning methods.
Beyond early warning: Towards greater granularity in the use of event-based surveillance for public health emergencies
Authors: McKnight Carl Jason , Aboushady Ahmed T. , Lane Chris R.
Published: November 2023

Background: The international health emergency caused by the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus demonstrated the expanding usefulness of multi-country disease outbreak information gathered through event-based surveillance (EBS) as an extension beyond the main purposes of early warning, alert, and response (EWAR). In this article, previous events of multi-country outbreaks from 2010-2019 were reviewed for how EBS, within an expanded sphere of Epidemic Intelligence (EI), may help to enhance the understanding of outbreaks for a more timely and nuanced, multiple-point trigger approach to health emergencies.
Methods: The public, open-source database of ProMed reports were reviewed for the date of first notification on major outbreaks of infectious diseases and then compared for subsequent dates of any new, exceptional epidemiological findings (novel host, settings, transmission characteristics) as a determining factor for prolonged, multi-country events later acknowledged on the WHO disease outbreak news (DON) website, or by peer-reviewed journal publication if no related DON information became available.
Results: During the preceding decade, there was an ongoing occurrence of unexpected outbreaks requiring new information about previously unknown pathogens, such as MERS-CoV, and longstanding threats from multiple neglected tropical diseases. During these international outbreaks, key scientific insights about new host species, viral persistence, occurrence of human-to-human spread, and transmission setting, became known over the course of the response.
Conclusion: The timeliness between initial alerts of early outbreak detection and key epidemiological evidence about the emerging threat reached far beyond the first warning for the global community. To improve on the best knowledge available for an immediate response, it is recommended that further gathering and documentation from event-based surveillance is engaged to create a more complete assessment for uncontrollable infectious disease outbreaks and epidemics. Enhanced EBS (through modern tools, e.g., Epidemic Intelligence from Open Sources (EIOS) are critical for timely detection and response to such events.
Enamel Changes of Bleached Teeth Following Application of an Experimental Combination of Chitosan-Bioactive Glass
Authors: Fallahzadeh Farnoosh , Nouri Fahimeh , Rashvand Ensieh , Heidari Soolmaz , Najafi Farhood , Soltanian Negar
Published: November 2023

Background and Objectives:
Considering the extensive use of bleaching agents and occurrence of side effects such as enamel demineralization, this study aimed to assess the enamel changes of bleached teeth following experimental application of chitosan-bioactive glass (CH-BG).
Materials and Methods
In this in vitro, CH-BG (containing 66% BG) was synthesized and characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Thirty sound human premolars were bleached with 40% hydrogen peroxide, and the mass percentage of calcium and phosphorous ions was quantified before and after bleaching by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The specimens were then divided into three groups: control, MI Paste Plus, and CH-BG. This process was repeated for 14 days, and the specimens were stored in artificial saliva. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test.
Results
In all groups, the mass percentage of calcium and phosphorous ions of enamel decreased after bleaching; this reduction was significant for phosphorous and insignificant for calcium. After 14 days of remineralization, the mass percentage of both calcium and phosphorous ions significantly increased in both M and CH-BG groups. The difference between M and CH-BG groups was not significant but both of them had a significant difference with the control group in this regard. The final mass percentage of both calcium and phosphorous in M and CH-BG groups was not significantly different from the values before bleaching.
Conclusion
The synthesized CH-BG compound showed an efficacy comparable to that of MI Paste Plus for enamel remineralization of bleached teeth.
Should I stay or should I go? The influence of environmental conditions on green turtle residence time and outward transit in foraging areas
Authors: Webster Emily G , Duce Stephanie , Hamann Mark , Murray Nicholas , Shimada Takahiro , Limpus Colin
Published: November 2023

Foraging animals move through the environment to satisfy their requirements for food, rest, reproduction and risk-avoidance. Understanding how animals respond to changing environmental conditions can help to characterise favourable habitat and determine whether they might be motivated to depart when those habitats become unsuitable. Foraging green turtles are typically residents that scarcely move in response to environmental changes or disturbances. Some individuals though, exhibit high mobility. We developed an analysis of Fastloc GPS tracks of 61 green turtles using cox regression models and generalised linear mixed models to investigate the influence of a suite of environmental characteristics on the length of residence time and probability of turtles transitioning between two behavioural modes, “stay” or “go”. Decisions to move (“go”) were influenced by short-term changes in the local environmental conditions. Individuals were more likely to “stay” when temperature increased during their stay and were more likely to “go” when turbidity decreased, and they entered deeper habitats. This result implies that foraging and resting (“staying”) primarily occurs in benthic, shallow, warm habitats, while travel (“going”) is facilitated in deeper, clear water. We also determined that individuals within the green turtle foraging aggregation respond differently to environmental cues to move and hypothesise that a diversity of strategies within a foraging aggregation could confer its resilience to disturbance events. Our study provides new evidence of the factors influencing movements in green turtles and can aid in predicting how they may respond to future changes and enhance risk mitigation efforts through dynamic and adaptive planning.
Soil biogeography at the habitats of origin of major crops
Authors: Fernández-Alonso María José , de Celis Miguel , Belda Ignacio , Palomino Javier , García Carlos , Gaitán Juan , Wang Juntao , Abdala-Roberts Luis , Alfaro Fernando , Angulo-Pérez Diego , Arthikala Manoj-Kumar , Chalasani Danteswari , Corwin Jason , Duan Gui-Lan , Hernandez-Lopez Antonio , Nanjareddy Kalpana , Nayaka Siddaiah Chandra , Pasari Babak , Patro TSSK , Podile Appa Rao , Quijano‐Medina Teresa , Rivera Daniela S , Sarma PVSRN , Shaaf Salar , Trivedi Pankaj , Yang Qingwen , Yin Yue , Zaady Eli , Zhu Yong-Guan , Singh Brajesh , Delgado-Baquerizo Manuel , García-Palacios Pablo , Milla Ruben
Published: November 2023

The rewilding of modern agriculture is challenged by our current uncertainties on the microbiome of major crop wild progenitors (CWPs). Here, we conducted the first global standardised field survey to investigate the edaphoclimatic conditions and soil microbiome of 125 wild populations associated with 10 of the most important CWPs at their centres of origin. The wild populations clustered into four ecoregions, ranging from deserts to tropical seasonal forests and savannas, shaped by two edaphoclimatic dimensions that distinguished areas with high soil sand contents and scarce micronutrients from the more fertile ecoregions characterised by variations in aridity, soil pH and carbon storage potential. We identified a common soil core microbiome with differentiated assemblages across ecoregions, driven by varying environmental preferences among soil biodiversity kingdoms, which reflects potential shifts in their functional profiles. The CWPs created unique microhabitats within ecoregions that strongly influenced the soil community assembly, indicating specific co-evolutionary interactions. These insights into the evolutionary origins of domesticated crops hold the potential to advance microbial-assisted breeding and microbiome rewilding of croplands across the globe.
Crystal growth, spectra and laser properties of Tm 3+ and Ho 3+ co-doped GdScO 3 crystal
Authors: HUANG LEI , ZHANG JUNRUI , ZHANG QINGLI , SUN GUIHUA , DOU RENQIN , WANG XIAOFEI , ZHANG DEMING , GAO JINYUN , SUN YU , LIU WENPENG , LUO JIANQIAO
Published: November 2023

Tm,Ho:GdScO3 single crystal was grown by the Czochralski method. Its quality and effective segregation coefficient of crystal were characterized, and spectral properties of crystal (100) plane were studied. The absorption cross-section of Tm,Ho:GdScO3 at 793 nm is 1.61 ×10-20cm2 and emission cross-section at 2020 nm is 1.39×10-20cm2. The laser performance of the crystal by 793 nm LD end-pumped was investigated. The maximum output power of 240 mW was obtained with a slope efficiency of 9.1% in CW mode. In pulse mode, the maximum average output power of 507mW was achieved. The maximum slope efficiency of 13.7% was obtained with 100 Hz and 400µs. The laser wavelength is 2096 nm. The beam quality factors Mx2/My2 were fitted to be 1.81/1.80. These results indicate that Tm,Ho:GdScO3 crystal is a promising candidate medium for near-infrared laser crystal.
Prolonged versus intermittent vancomycin infusion in critically ill patients with sepsis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Miyoshi Yukari , Kawauchi Akira , Kano Ken-ichi , Kubo Kenji , Egi Moritoki , Kondo Yutaka
Published: November 2023

Background
Vancomycin is often used empirically as a first-line drug for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus therapy in patients with sepsis. This review aimed to clarify the clinical efficacy and safety of prolonged vancomycin infusion compared to intermittent infusion in adult patients with acute severe infection.
Methods
Potentially eligible trials were identified by searching the MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Igaku Chuo Zasshi (ICHUSHI) online databases. We selected randomized controlled trials and observational studies in which the clinical outcomes of adult patients with sepsis or septic shock were compared between prolonged and intermittent vancomycin infusion strategies. Two investigators independently screened the search results and extracted data. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality at the maximum follow-up. Secondary outcomes included the attainment of the target plasma concentration, clinical cure, and adverse events, such as nephrotoxicity.
Results
Sixteen studies were identified for the analysis of baseline characteristics. A total of 214 patients from three randomized trials and 1999 patients from 13 observational studies were included. Mortality rates of patients receiving prolonged infusion and patients receiving intermittent infusion were similar (pooled risk ratios, 1.05; 95% confidence intervals, 0.63–1.74; P = 0.85 in randomized controlled trials and pooled risk ratios, 1.07; 95% confidence intervals, 0.74–1.55; P = 0.71 in observational studies). Patients treated with prolonged infusion had a significantly higher attainment of the target plasma concentration compared with patients receiving intermittent infusion (pooled risk ratios, 5.62; 95% confidence intervals, 2.09–15.07; P < 0.001 in randomized controlled trials and pooled risk ratios, 2.27; 95% confidence intervals, 1.393.71; P = 0.001 in observational studies). No significant difference was detected in the other outcomes.
Conclusions
Our findings revealed that, compared with intermittent administration, prolonged infusion of vancomycin may be advantageous for controlling blood vancomycin levels.
An in vitro assessment of the residual dentin after using three minimally invasive caries removal techniques
Authors: Al-Sagheer Rand Mohammed , Al-Taee Lamis Abdul Hameed
Published: November 2023

To evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of three minimally invasive MI caries removal techniques for removing deep dentin carious lesions. Forty extracted carious molars were treated by conventional rotary excavation (control), chemomechanical agent (Brix 3000), ultrasonic abrasion (Woodpecker, Guilin, China); and Er, Cr: YSGG laser (Biolase™ San Clemente, CA). The assessments include; the excavation time, Diagnodent pen, Raman spectroscopy, Vickers microhardness, and scanning electron microscope combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). The rotary method recorded the shortest excavation time (p < 0.000), Brix 3000 gel was the slowest. All techniques removed the infected tissues completely as the Diagnodent pen readings were < 20 and laser-ablated surfaces recorded the lowest reading. The bur-excavated dentin showed higher phosphate and lower matrix contents with higher tissue hardness that were comparable to sound dentin indicating the non-selectiveness of this technique in removing the potentially repairable dentin tissue. In contrast, the MI techniques exhibited lower phosphate and higher organic contents associated with lower microhardness in the deeper dentin layers. This was associated with smooth residual dentin without smearing and patent dentinal tubules. This study supports the efficiency of these MI methods to be a conservative alternative to rotary excavation, providing a promising strategy for the clinical dental practice.
Transfer Functions and Event Fields in XR: The PHANTOMATRIX Framework for Quantifying Perception Convergence
Authors: Grasnick Armin
Published: November 2023

eXtended Reality (XR), which includes both Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR), consists of powerful tools for creating immersive experiences that may trigger emotional responses from users. In this paper, we introduce the PHANTOMATRIX framework - a novel theoretical approach and robust structure to analyze the degree of convergence between the expected reality and its representation. The framework is based on transfer, multimodal fields, and phantom representation that capture complex interactions between various perception modalities within XR settings.
Our primary objective is to present an effective strategy for accurately transferring information about potentially evocative events in XR environments from their origin to the point at which they reach end-users through their devices. By incorporating these elements into a comprehensive process-oriented model for capturing, recording, transforming, and displaying events and phantoms as secondary user-experienced stimuli, our aim is to offer insights helpful towards understanding induced emotions during immersive experiences more thoroughly.
This groundwork lays the foundation necessary for future research focused on predicting physiological reactions linked with specific emotion types evoked inside virtual worlds created using cutting-edge technologies such as those found in XR systems. In future research, we aim to test this theoretical groundwork empirically and extend our exploration towards additional perceptual modalities and personalization of XR experiences.
ANN Powered Smart Tracking Systems
Authors: Nambissan Praveen , Dharmaraj Menaka
Published: November 2023

Monitoring the energy generated by a solar system based on various weather conditions requires an accurate forecast algorithm and mechanisms. In this research, a brand-new deep learning method implemented Dual-Axis Solar Tracking System (DA-STS) is presented, to increase the hourly energy harvesting provided by a dual-axis solar trackers using real-time movements. An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model with recently developed Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique considering randomly occurring and dispersed delaying method is combined in this framework. This approach is used to broaden the search area and improve the training of the ANN system by lowering the danger of becoming stuck in local optima for actuator positions. This model has new two hidden layers, the first of which is a layer of selection depending on the selection of daylight and night time data. To identify the most pertinent inputs for precise predictions, the second method is known as automated inputs relevancy assessment is used. The findings show how the DA-STS method and two innovative hidden layers work well together to greatly increase, forecasting accuracy and mechanical movements of the system, compared to the criteria set by the existing research with respect to the measured value variables.
Single-cell Histone deacetylation factor regulator patterns guide intercellular communication of tumor microenvironment that contribute to colorectal cancer progression and immunotherapy
Authors: Zhao Zihan , Wu Yarui , Geng Xuhua , Yuan Congrui , Yang Guibin
Published: November 2023

In this study, single-cell RNA-seq data were collected to analyze the characteristics of Histone deacetylation factor (HDF). The tumor microenvironment (TME) cell clusters related to prognosis and immune response were identified by using CRC tissue transcriptome and immunotherapy cohorts from public repository. We explored the expression characteristics of HDF in stromal cells, macrophages, T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes of the CRC single-cell dataset TME and further identified 4 to 6 cell subclusters using the expression profiles of HDF-associated genes, respectively. The regulatory role of HDF-associated genes on the CRC tumor microenvironment was explored by using single-cell trajectory analysis, and the cellular subtypes identified by biologically characterized genes were compared with those identified by HDF-associated genes. The interaction of HDF-associated gene-mediated microenvironmental cell subtypes and tumor epithelial cells were explored by using intercellular communication analysis, revealing the molecular regulatory mechanism of tumor epithelial cell heterogeneity. Based on the expression of feature genes mediated by HDF-related genes in the microenvironment T-cell subtypes, enrichment scoring was performed on the feature gene expression in the CRC tumor tissue transcriptome dataset. It was found that the feature gene scoring of microenvironment T-cell subtypes (HDF-TME score) has a certain predictive ability for the prognosis and immunotherapy benefits of CRC tumor patients, providing data support for precise immunotherapy in CRC tumors.
A Case of Suprasellar Pi̇locyti̇c Astrocytoma Wi̇th Plasmi̇nogen Acti̇vator Inhi̇bi̇tor-1 4g/4g Genotype: Rare Severe Vasospasm and Cli̇ni̇cal Effects After Endoscopi̇c Transphenoi̇dal Surgery
Authors: Erkan Buruc , Kılıc Yusuf , Demir Suat , Akpinar Ebubekir , Akkurt Tuce Soylemez , Sutcu Zumrut Kocabey
Published: November 2023

Background
Cerebral vasospasm following endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery is rare. In this study, we present a case of sellar-suprasellar pilocytic astrocytoma with the rare and serious complication of cerebral vasospasm after endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery, who had plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 4G/4G genotype.
Case description
A 7-year-old female patient presented with complaints of headache and nausea. Upon detection of a lesion in the sellar-suprasellar region, initial intervention involved tumor excision and placement of an extraventricular drainage catheter through a transcranial anterior interhemispheric approach, followed by endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery for tumor excision seven days later. On the fifth day after endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery, the patient, who exhibited a tendency to somnolence, aphasia, and right hemiplegia, demonstrated significant stenosis at the proximal portions of the internal carotid artery bifurcation, M1, and A1 segments. Successful treatment was achieved through endovascular balloon angioplasty. Hydrocephalus did not develop during follow-up, and no shunt was required. Pathology revealed pilocytic astrocytoma (WHO grade I, 2021). Adjuvant treatment was not administered. At six months postoperatively, aphasia and right hemiplegia showed marked improvement. A thrombophilia panel performed in the postoperative period resulted in plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 4G/4G homozygosity. The patient, who completed one year of follow-up, continues to be monitored with a modified Rankin Scale score of 1.
Conclusion
In cases of unexpected neurological deterioration following endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery, symptomatic cerebral vasospasm should be considered in the differential diagnosis, and early and aggressive treatment should be administered. A multidisciplinary approach is crucial for the optimal management of potential complications. Further case series and studies are needed to establish a strong correlation between PAI-1 4G/4G homozygosity and cerebral vasospasm.
Altered resting state functional connectivity in newborns with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy assessed using high-density functional near-infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Tang Lingkai , Kebaya Lilian M. N. , Altamimi Talal , Kowalczyk Alexandra , Musabi Melab , Roychaudhuri Sriya , Vahidi Homa , Meyerink Paige , de Ribaupierre Sandrine , Bhattacharya Soume , Moraes Leandro Tristao Abi Ramia , Lawrence Keith St. , Duerden Emma G.
Published: November 2023

Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) results from a lack of oxygen to the brain during the perinatal period. HIE can lead to mortality and various acute and long-term morbidities. Improved bedside monitoring methods are needed to identify biomarkers of brain health. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) can assess resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) at the bedside. We acquired resting-state fNIRS data from 21 neonates with HIE (postmenstrual age [PMA] = 39.59) and 20 term-born healthy newborns (PMA = 39.95). Twelve HIE neonates also underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). RSFC was calculated as correlation coefficients amongst the time courses for fNIRS and fMRI data, respectively. We showed that the fNIRS and fMRI RSFC maps were comparable. RSFC patterns were then measured with graph theory metrics and compared between HIE infants and healthy controls. HIE newborns showed significantly increased clustering coefficients, network efficiency and modularity compared to controls. Using a support vector machine algorithm, RSFC features demonstrated good performance in classifying the HIE and healthy newborns into separate groups. Our results indicate the utility of fNIRS-connectivity patterns as potential biomarkers for HIE and fNIRS as a new bedside tool for newborns with HIE.
Enhancement of Thermal and Mechanical Properties: Nanofibrillated Cellulose - Reinforced PHB/PBAT 3D Filaments for Fused Deposition Modeling
Authors: Jeffri Noorfarisya Izma , Fazita Mohammad Rawi Nurul , Haafiz Mohamad Kassim Mohamad , Peng Leh Cheu , Abdullah Che Ku , Kosugi Akihiko , Arai Takamitsu
Published: November 2023

Melt extrusion was used to create three-dimensional (3D) filaments reinforced with nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) in blends of polyhydroxybutyrate/polybutylene-co-adipate terephthalate (PHB/PBAT) in various ratios (0.5%, 1%, and 2%). A twin-screw extruder was used to extrude filaments with an approximate diameter of 3mm. Consequently, these filaments were analyses for their rheological, thermal, mechanical, and morphological properties. The PHB/PBAT/NFC blends and neat PHB were compared to assess the effect of blending PHB with PBAT and reinforcing it with NFC. The inclusion of PBAT and the reinforcing effect of NFC were investigated by thermal analysis, which resulted in an improvement in thermal behaviour and stability. However, as illustrated by the result of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), the incorporation of PBAT reduced PHB’s crystallinity. This correspondingly affected its rheological and mechanical strength. The desired tensile properties necessary for three-dimensional (3D) printing can be maintained with the addition of NFC. The highest tensile properties were achieved by the lowest loading of NFC. Additionally, it is proved from the result of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis, for 0.5% NFC loading exhibited a better two-phase system and effective dispersion of NFC. This research expands the potential applications of PHB, including PHB/PBAT blends and PHB/PBAT/NFC composites.
Do elderly patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma benefit from radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy?
Authors: Li Na , Xu Liangfu , Yin Zhaosheng , Zhong Guihua , Yang Qinan , Wang Zhiqiang , Xia Yunfei , Liu Zhigang
Published: November 2023

Background: The study aims to clarify whether elderly patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA-NPC) can benefit from radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy.
Methods: The clinical variables of 441 patients aged ≥70 years old with no-metastasis NPC who underwent either radiotherapy or chemotherapy between 2000 and 2020 were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The primary endpoint is overall survival (OS). The risk factors of different treatment mode were evaluated using Cox-regression analyses. The selected variables were used to construct the nomogram to evaluate the 1-year, 3-year, 5-year probability of OS. The discrimination and calibration of the nomogram were assessed using concordance index (C-index), area under curve (AUC), and calibration plots. We compare OS of different treatment mode using Kaplan-Meier method. Subgroup analysis of different age were explored.
Results: Factors including marital status, chemotherapy and radiation use were associated with OS. Sex, histology, radiation, chemotherapy, race, marital status were used to the nomogram for predicting the probability of survival. The C-index of the nomogram was 0.725 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.695 - 0.756). AUC for 1- , 3- and 5-year were 0.769 ( 95% CI: 0.720 - 0.819), 0.747 ( 95% CI: 0.699 - 0.796) and 0.708 (95% CI: 0.650 - 0.766), respectively. Chemotherapy alone, radiotherapy alone and chemoradiotherapy offered a significant survival benefit in LA-NPC aged ≥70 years old (all p < 0.05). Notebly, subgroup analysis showed that patients over 75 years and 80 years old still benefit from chemoradiotherapy. ( p < 0.0001).
Conclusions: Radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy has significant survival benefit in elderly LA-NPC patients aged ≥70 years old. Nevertheless, it requires careful comorbidity assessment and further clinical trials.
Nuclear Transformation In Metalloenzyme. A Novel And High Potential Cancer Treatment Research
Authors: Tran Van Luyen , Hoang Tuan Truong
Published: November 2023

In this study, we have introduced a novel approach to cancer treatment involving the deactivation of metalloenzymes through the utilization of radioisotopes. The concept of leveraging radioisotopes to interact with metalloenzymes represents a groundbreaking theoretical advancement. Through simulations utilizing the MIRD code and based on the consistent concentration of stable Mg within stage 2A cancerous tissue, we have quantified the potential success rates. To conduct these simulations, we employed 0.1 nanograms (ng) of stable Mg, which corresponds to an activity of 19.7 MBq of Mg-28. This data was input into the MIRD calculations to estimate the absorbed doses within various organs, employing diverse methods of radioisotope administration into the body. Remarkably, even with a mere 1‰ probability of effectively reaching the intended cancerous tissues, this quantity of Mg-28 demonstrates the capability to render billions of Mg-containing metalloenzymes inactive. The remarkable efficiency achieved through precise radioisotope targeting underscores the promise of this methodology. Nevertheless, the findings underscore the necessity of undertaking both in vitro and in vivo research initiatives prior to embarking on clinical trials.
Perspective Matters: A Systematic Review of Immersive Virtual Reality to Reduce Racial Prejudice
Authors: Higgins Sarah , Alcock Stephanie , De Aveiro Bianca , Daniels William , Farmer Harry , Besharati Sahba
Published: November 2023

In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic and the rise of social justice movements, increased attention has been directed to levels of intergroup tension worldwide. Racial prejudice is one such tension that permeates societies and creates distinct inequalities at all levels of our social ecosystem. Whether these prejudices present explicitly (directly or consciously) or implicitly (unconsciously or automatically), research suggests that manipulating body ownership by embodying an avatar of another race using immersive virtual reality (IVR) can reduce racial bias. Adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, this systematic review encompassed 12 studies that employed IVR and embodiment techniques to investigate racial attitudes. Subsequently, two mini meta-analyses were performed on four and five of these studies, respectively — both of which utilised the Implicit Association Test (IAT) as a metric to gauge these biases. This review demonstrated that IVR allows not only the manipulation of a sense of body ownership but also the investigation of wider social identities. However, despite the novelty of IVR as a tool to help understand and possibly reduce racial bias, our review has identified key limitations in the existing literature. Specifically, we found inconsistencies in the measures employed, as well as demographic characteristics within both the sampled population and the embodiment of avatars. Future studies are needed to address these critical shortcomings by appropriately utilising implicit and explicit measures of racial prejudice, ensuring diverse sample representation, and considering a broader spectrum of embodied social groups.
Derivate OJIP Variables in Sugarcane to Predict Cane Weight, Sucrose Content, and Sugar Yield
Authors: - Parnidi , Mahayu Weda Makarti , Murianingrum Mala , - Abdurrahman , Yulaikah Sri , - Djumali , Heliyanto Bambang , Herwati Anik , Purwati Rully Dyah , Mahfud Moch. , Rochman Fatkhur , - Marjani , RS Taufiq Hidayat , Riajaya Prima Diarini , Kadarwati Fitriningdyah Tri , Santoso Budi , - Supriyono , Suhara Cece
Published: November 2023

Cane weight, sucrose content, and sugar yield represent carbohydrate accumulation available for cane throughout its life cycle. The carbohydrate content is the result of photosynthesis; in other words, we can predict cane weight, sucrose content, and sugar yield from the photosynthesis process. Chlorophyll fluorescence or the OJIP test is one of the benchmarks for expressing the amount of photosynthesis. This study aimed to obtain the dominant OJIP variable as a predictor of cane weight, sucrose content, sugar yield, and measurement time. The study was conducted at the Asembagus Experimental Station, Situbondo Regency, East Java, Indonesia, from December 2016 to October 2017. The study used 18 sugarcane clones in a Randomized Block Design with 3 replications. OJIP variables were measured in the stalk elongation phase and the maturity phase. The results showed that OJIP variables other than Fv/Fm, cane weight, sucrose content, and sugar yield were influenced by sugarcane clones. The right time for measuring OJIP variables was during the maturity phase. The dominant OJIP variables as predictors of cane weight and sugar yield were TRo/RC, DIo/CS, ABS/RC, and PI (79.4 and 76.0%). The dominant predictors of yield were RC/CSo, RC/CSm, DIo/CS, PI, ABS/RC, and ETo/RC (92.9%).
DenMerD: A Feature Enhanced Approach to Radar Beam Blockage Correction with Edge-Cloud Computing
Authors: Liu Qi , Sun Jiawei , Zhang Yonghong , Liu Xiaodong
Published: November 2023

In the field of meteorological, the global radar network is indispensable for detecting weather phenomena and offering early warning services. Nevertheless, radar data frequently exhibit anomalies, including gaps and clutter, arising from atmospheric refraction, equipment malfunctions, and other factors, resulting in diminished data quality. Traditional radar blockage correction methods, such as employing approximate radial information interpolation and supplementing missing data, often fail to effectively exploit potential patterns in massive radar data, for the large volume of data precludes a thorough analysis and understanding of the inherent complex patterns and dependencies through simple interpolation or supplementation techniques. Fortunately, edge computing possesses certain data processing capabilities and cloud center boasts substantial computational power, which together can collaboratively offer timely computation and storage for the correction of radar beam blockage. To this end, an edge-cloud collaborative driven deep learning model named DenMerD is proposed in this paper, which includes dense connection module and merge distribution (MD) unit. The model improves the key metrics such as CSI and POD by 30.7% and 30.1%, respectively, and performs well in SSIM metrics compared to the existing models. These findings underscore the efficacy of the design in improving feature propagation and beam blockage accuracy, and also highlights the potential and value of mobile edge computing in processing large-scale meteorological data.
Menstrual Hygiene Management in Schools in South Africa: Knowledge, experience and impact on school attendance
Authors: Beksinska Mags , Milford Cecilia , Devaki Renjini , Zulu Bongiwe , Mona Amanda , Cavanagh Tammany
Published: November 2023

Background
In many countries, girls face significant challenges when it comes to managing menstruation, particularly in school settings. Lack of access to adequate menstrual hygiene products, sanitation facilities, and information about menstruation can lead to absenteeism, poor academic performance, and ultimately impact dropout rates among school-age girls.
Methods
The study was conducted in senior primary schools in three districts of three provinces in South Africa. A mixed method study design included– in-depth interviews (IDIs), focus group discussions (FGDs), an anonymous survey and a sanitation audit of female learner toilet facilities in a sample of schools in each participating district. Participants included male and female learners, parents and key stakeholders. Questions focused on source of water and sanitation facilities, education, knowledge and experience of the menstrual cycle including impact on school attendance. Descriptive analysis was conducted for the anonymous survey and sanitation audit. FGDs and IDIs were audio recorded, transcribed and translated and thematically coded. Deductive and inductive coding was done.
Results
A total of 332 anonymous surveys were completed by learners (241 females, 91 males). The survey found that fewer than two thirds of learners (61.1%; n = 203) had been educated on their menstrual cycle and a third of those who had started menstruation did not know which passage the blood passes through. Almost half of participants (44.8%; n = 34) had no menstrual product available at first menses. Half of female learners (50%, n = 38) reported they had “ever missed school” for reasons relating to their menstrual cycle, with the main reason relating to pain. Qualitative data from the FGDs and IDIs confirmed and supported the survey data. Results of the school sanitation survey demonstrated that condition and type of toilet facilities varied considerably between provinces. The school free sanitary pad distribution programme was also implemented in different ways and often supply was inconsistent.
Conclusions
Findings suggest a lack of knowledge relating to menstruation, and a lack of access to menstrual products among senior primary learners. Absenteeism from school was common during mensus. This study highlights the need for more consistent implementation of existing school life skills education and sanitary product programmes.
Straightforward slope stability prediction under seismic conditions using machine learning algorithms
Authors: Barkhordari Mohammad Sadegh , Barkhordari Mohammad Mahdi , Armaghani Danial Jahed , Mohamad Edy Tonnizam , Gordan Behrouz
Published: November 2023

One of the most significant and crucial issues in geotechnical engineering works, such as earth dams, embankments, and landfills to name a few, is slope stability assessment. Better methods are required to anticipate slope collapse because of its fatal effects. The goal of this research is to create a straightforward machine learning (ML) model for examining slope stability under seismic conditions. Four ML algorithms are examined, including Logistic Regression (LR), Quadratic Discriminant Analysis (QDA), Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LGBM), and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). The models are trained and tested on the database containing 700 slopes. 10-fold cross validation is utilized for parameter tuning, model training and performance estimating of machine learning models using training set. The best model is interpreted using the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method, which is built on game theories. Among the studied models, the LGBM model is the most accurate model based on ranking technique. Most influential features for slope stability prediction under seismic conditions are detected by the SHAP method as follows: peak ground acceleration, friction angle, and angle of inclination.
Control Compounds for Preclinical Drug-Induced Liver Injury Assessment: Consensus-driven systematic review by the ProEuroDILI Network
Authors: Segovia-Zafra Antonio , Villanueva-Paz Marina , Serras Ana Sofia , Matilla-Cabello Gonzalo , Bodoque-García Ana , Zeo-Sánchez Daniel Enrique Di , Niu Hao , Álvarez-Álvarez Ismael , Sanz-Villanueva Laura , Godec Sergej , Milisav Irina , Andrade Raúl J , Lucena María Isabel , Checa José Carlos Fernández , Cubero Francisco Javier , Miranda Joana , Nelson Leonard
Published: November 2023

Idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a complex and unpredictable event caused by different drugs, herbal, and dietary supplements. The early identification of human hepatotoxicity at the preclinical stages remains a major challenge, in which the selection of validated in vitro systems and test drugs has a significant impact. This systematic review aims to analyse the compounds used in hepatotoxicity assays and establish a unified list of DILI positive and negative control drugs for validation of in vitro models of DILI, supported by literature and clinical evidence and endorsed by a committee of experts from the COST Action ProEuroDILI Network (CA 17112). This systematic review was performed in accordance with the 2020 PRISMA guidelines. Original research articles focused on investigating DILI occurrence using in vitro human models performing at least one hepatotoxicity assay with positive and negative control compounds were included. A modified version of the "Toxicological Data Reliability Assessment Tool" (ToxRTool) was used to assess the bias of the included studies. A total of 2,936 studies were retrieved from the different databases. Of these, 51 met the inclusion criteria, with 30 categorized as reliable without restrictions. Diclofenac and buspirone were the most commonly used DILI-positive and DILI-negative control drugs, respectively. Although there was a broad consensus on the positive compounds, the selection of negative control compounds remained less clear. Regarding the models used, the 2D monoculture of primary human hepatocytes (PHHs) was the favoured choice. However, there was no clear consensus on the drug concentrations. Short acute exposure times were mostly utilised, and cytotoxicity was the preferred endpoint. The extensive analysis of included studies highlighted the lack of agreement on appropriate control compounds for the in vitro assessment of DILI. Therefore, following comprehensive in vitro and clinical data analysis together with input from the expert committee, an evidence-based consensus-driven list of 10 positive and negative drugs is proposed for validating new in vitro models for improving preclinical drug safety testing regimes.
Ökologische Untersuchungen an Iris aphylla L. im Osthuy nordwestlich von Halberstadt (Landkreis Harz)
Authors: Meier Tim
Published: November 2023

Das einzige rezente Vorkommen im Nordharzvorland von Iris aphylla befindet sich im Osthuy. Es wurden die Vergesellschaftung und funktionelle Merkmale dieser Art untersucht. Außerdem werden die aktuelle Situation der Population und naturschutzfachliche Aspekte diskutiert.
Farn- und Blütenpflanzen des ehemaligen Truppenübungsplatzes Oranienbaumer Heide
Authors: John Heino , Lorenz Antje , Osterloh Susanne
Published: November 2023

Die Ergebnisse umfangreicher floristischer Kartierungen von Farn- und Blütenpflanzen auf dem ehemaligen Truppenübungsplatz Oranienbaumer Heide in den Jahren 2008 bis 2010 werden vorgestellt. Dabei wird vor allem auf naturschutzfachlich wertgebende Pflanzenarten fokussiert. Die Oranienbaumer Heide zählt heute aufgrund ihrer Nutzungsgeschichte, der Überschneidung kontinentaler und subatlantischer Verbreitungsareale sowie vielfältiger Standortbedingungen zu den artenreichsten Gebieten in Sachsen-Anhalt. Durch umfangreiche Literaturrecherchen sowie über die Auswertung historischen Kartenmaterials konnten die Nutzungsgeschichte des Gebietes sowie die historische Flora seit Beginn des 18. Jahrhunderts, zumindest in Teilen, rekonstruiert werden. Die Recherchen ergaben unter anderem, dass über einen langen Zeitraum ein Kontinuum an mehr oder weniger großen Offenflächen (Heiden, Magerrasen) im Gebiet vorhanden war. Eine Auswertung historischer Daten zu Pflanzenfunden für die Oranienbaumer Heide hat ergeben, dass ein großer Teil der schon früher für das Gebiet bekannt gewesenen Flora auch heute noch vorzufinden ist. Nur 18 Taxa konnten seit 1990 nicht wieder nachgewiesen werden. Insgesamt wurden für die Oranienbaumer Heide über 800 Pflanzenarten erfasst, darunter 74 Arten der Roten Liste des Landes Sachsen-Anhalt (FRANK et al. 2004), 38 Arten der Roten Liste Deutschlands (KORNECK et al. 1996) und 22 Arten nach Bundesartenschutzverordnung (BArtSchV 2005). Viele der im Untersuchungsgebiet naturschutzfachlich wertgebenden Pflanzenarten kommen darüber hinaus in außergewöhnlich großen Populationen vor.
Zur Flora von Bitterfeld und Umgebung (10. Beitrag)
Authors: Wölfel Ulrich
Published: November 2023

Bisher nicht bekannte Fundorte von Pflanzen im Altkreis Bitterfeld werden aufgeführt. Einige für Sachsen-Anhalt erst vor kurzem nachgewiesene Taxa (z. B. Centaurea stoebe subsp. micranthos, Dianthus giganteus, Pteridium pinetorum, Urtica subinermis) wurden auch für dieses Gebiet nachgewiesen.
Hilfe zum Sammeln und Bestimmen von Arten der Gattung Callitriche (Wassersterne)
Authors: Breitfeld Matthias
Published: November 2023

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Einfluß der anthropogenen Landschaftsdynamik auf die Entwicklung der Salzflora am Beispiel historischer Binnensalzstellen im einstweilig gesicherten Naturschutzgebiet „Salzatal bei Langenbogen"
Authors: Hartenauer Katrin , John Heino
Published: November 2023

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Bibliographie botanischer Literatur über Sachsen-Anhalt 2017 und Nachträge
Authors: Krumbiegel Anselm
Published: November 2023

Die Bibliographie zur botanischen Literatur über Sachsen-Anhalt wird mit Nachträgen und den bisher zugänglichen Publikationen und Abschlussarbeiten von 2017 fortgesetzt.
Bibliographie botanischer Literatur über Sachsen-Anhalt 2013/2014
Authors: Krumbiegel Anselm
Published: November 2023

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Bibliographie botanischer Literatur über Sachsen-Anhalt 2006/2007
Authors: Krumbiegel Anselm
Published: November 2023

Die Bibliographie zur botanischen Literatur über Sachsen-Anhalt wird mit Nachträgen zu 2006 sowie den bisher zugänglichen Publikationen und Abschlussarbeiten von 2007 fortgesetzt.
Bibliographie botanischer Literatur über Sachsen-Anhalt 2015/2016
Authors: Krumbiegel Anselm
Published: November 2023

Die Bibliographie zur botanischen Literatur über Sachsen-Anhalt wird mit Nachträgen und den bisher zugänglichen Publikationen und Abschlussarbeiten von 2016 fortgesetzt.
Moosgesellschaften des Nationalparks Harz
Authors: Schubert Rudolf
Published: November 2023

Die Auswertung der in den Jahren 2002–2007 erarbeiteten Vegetationsaufnahmen im Nationalpark Harz ergab ihre Einordnung in 77 unterschiedliche Moosgesellschaften. 17 Moosgesellschaften gehören zu den bedrohten Lebensgemeinschaften der Länder Niedersachsen und Sachsen-Anhalt, womit die Bedeutung des Nationalparks Harz für die Erhaltung und den Schutz der Moosflora des Harzes deutlich wird.
ehemalige Schwerzer Berg nordöstlich von Halle (Saale) – ein Nachruf aus floristischer Sicht
Authors: Stolle Jens
Published: November 2023

Die ehemalige Porphyrkuppe des Schwerzer Berges 15 km nordöstlich von Halle (Saale) wurde durch Steinbruchbetrieb bis 2013 vollständig in Anspruch genommen und abgebaut. Nachfolgend wird ein Überblick gegeben über die floristisch ehemals artenreiche Lokalität. Die Entwicklung am Schwerzer Berg ist ein weiteres Beispiel für das lokale oder regionale Aussterben verschiedener seltener und gefährdeter Pflanzenarten im Umfeld von Halle (Saale).