bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
miR-203 drives breast cancer cell differentiation
Authors: Martínez-Illescas Nuria G. , Leal Silvia , González Patricia , Graña-Castro Osvaldo , Muñoz-Oliveira Juan José , Cortés-Peña Alfonso , Quintela-Fandino Miguel , Ciruelos Eva , Sanz Consuelo , Aragón Sofía , Sotolongo Leisy , Jiménez Sara , Caleiras Eduardo J. , Mulero Francisca , Sánchez Cristina , Malumbres Marcos , Salazar-Roa María
Published: January 2023

A hallmark of many malignant tumors is dedifferentiated (immature) cells bearing slight or no resemblance to the normal cells from which the cancer originated. Tumor dedifferentiated cells exhibit a higher capacity to survive to chemo and radiotherapies and have the ability to incite tumor relapse. Inducing cancer cell differentiation would abolish their self-renewal and invasive capacity and could be combined with the current standard of care, especially in poorly differentiated and aggressive tumors (with worst prognosis). However, differentiation therapy is still in its early stages and the intrinsic complexity of solid tumor heterogeneity demands innovative approaches in order to be efficiently translated into the clinic. We demonstrate here that microRNA 203, a potent driver of differentiation in pluripotent stem cells (ESCs and iPSCs), promotes the differentiation of mammary gland tumor cells. Combining mousein vivoapproaches and both mouse and human-derived tridimensional organoid cultures, we report here that miR-203 influences the self-renewal capacity, plasticity and differentiation potential of breast cancer cells, and prevents tumor cell growth in vivo. Our work sheds light on differentiation-based antitumor therapies and offers miR-203 as a promising tool for directly confronting the tumor-maintaining and regeneration capability of cancer cells.
Supramolecular interactions in salts/cocrystals involving pyrimidine derivatives of sulfonate/carboxylic acid
Authors: Mohana Marimuthu , Thomas Muthiah Packianathan , McMillen Colin D. , Butcher Ray J.
Published: January 2023

The crystal structures of three compounds involving aminopyrimidine derivatives are reported, namely, 5-fluorocytosinium sulfanilate–5-fluorocytosine–4-azaniumylbenzene-1-sulfonate (1/1/1), C4H5FN3O+·C6H6NO3S−·C4H4FN3O·C6H7NO3S, I, 5-fluorocytosine–indole-3-propionic acid (1/1), C4H4FN3O·C11H11NO2, II, and 2,4,6-triaminopyrimidinium 3-nitrobenzoate, C4H8N5
+·C7H4NO4
−, III, which have been synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In I, there are two 5-fluorocytosine (5FC) molecules (5FC-A and 5FC-B) in the asymmetric unit, with one of the protons disordered between them. 5FC-A and 5FC-B are linked by triple hydrogen bonds, generating two fused rings [two R
2
2(8) ring motifs]. The 5FC-A molecules form a self-complementary base pair [R
2
2(8) ring motif] via a pair of N—H...O hydrogen bonds and the 5FC-B molecules form a similar complementary base pair [R
2
2(8) ring motif]. The combination of these two types of pairing generates a supramolecular ribbon. The 5FC molecules are further hydrogen bonded to the sulfanilate anions and sulfanilic acid molecules via N—H...O hydrogen bonds, generating R
4
4(22) and R
6
6(36) ring motifs. In cocrystal II, two types of base pairs (homosynthons) are observed via a pair of N—H...O/N—H...N hydrogen bonds, generating R
2
2(8) ring motifs. The first type of base pair is formed by the interaction of an N—H group and the carbonyl O atom of 5FC molecules through a couple of N—H...O hydrogen bonds. Another type of base pair is formed via the amino group and a pyrimidine ring N atom of the 5FC molecules through a pair of N—H...N hydrogen bonds. The base pairs (via N—H...N hydrogen bonds) are further bridged by the carboxyl OH group of indole-3-propionic acid and the O atom of 5FC through O—H...O hydrogen bonds on either side of the R
2
2(8) motif. This leads to a DDAA array. In salt III, one of the N atoms of the pyrimidine ring is protonated and interacts with the carboxylate group of the anion through N—H...O hydrogen bonds, leading to the primary ring motif R
2
2(8). Furthermore, the 2,4,6-triaminopyrimidinium (TAP) cations form base pairs [R
2
2(8) homosynthon] via N—H...N hydrogen bonds. A carboxylate O atom of the 3-nitrobenzoate anion bridges two of the amino groups on either side of the paired TAP cations to form another ring [R
3
2(8)]. This leads to the generation of a quadruple DADA array. The crystal structures are further stabilized by π–π stacking (I and III), C—H...π (I and II), C—F...π (I) and C—O...π (II) interactions.
An integrated FTA and games: exploring a strategic framework for developing the future
Authors: Sartori Simone , Marinho Sidnei Vieira
Published: January 2023

Purpose

The main objective of this research was to combine the integration between two fields of knowledge – future-oriented technology analysis (FTA) and games. This study aims to capture the stakeholders’ actions and decision-making in a procedural, interactive and collaborative way to find a vision of the future.

Design/methodology/approach

The framework was designed from a literature review on the related research topics, exploring elements and methods, also how we brought the two fields together. The framework was structured in four steps: exploring – deciding – matching – evaluating. For each phase, deep reflections were described to understand the current situation, identify essential future issues and provide recommendations for action.

Findings

One attractive aspect of the FTA-games is the characteristics of each field but combined made it possible to evaluate future developments and trends. The elements present in games can boost FTA activities through interaction, engagement, experiences, collaboration and motivation, among other elements. Systematically, we seek to ensure traceability by identifying challenges, solutions, execution and results achieved and using tools and elements that make prospecting practical.

Originality/value

This article systematizes the connection between two fields in the form of a framework. At each stage of the framework, participants and strategists are challenged to seek solutions to future challenges, allowing these participants to engage in a common cause and make actions tangible. Game elements can be shaped to explore new avenues in FTA activities, as they are used in games in specific subject domains. These fields tend to be fragmented and are not integrated.
Islamic approach to corporate social responsibility: an international model for Islamic banks
Authors: Hanic Aida , Smolo Edib
Published: January 2023

Purpose

This study aims to present a corporate social responsibility (CSR) model that would apply to Islamic banks, considering the international aspect of social responsibility because CSR is not applicable in the same way in all types of societies.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on the extensive review of the existing literature, the authors aim to present an Islamic CSR model applicable to Islamic banks. This study is based on the international approach to CSR developed by Masoud (2017). Each responsibility has an equal share but with specific changes regarding the order of priorities between them and the type of responsibility.

Findings

The findings show that the existing literature provides several Islamic CSR models. Most of these models are general and offer guidelines to Islamic financial institutions, but no model applies exclusively to Islamic banks. Using these models for Islamic banks is challenging because of their specific business activities, especially in non-Muslim countries. This study proposes a model that could act as the main guideline for Islamic banks with enough flexibility to meet different market and stakeholders’ requirements.

Practical implications

The model was not tested on a sample, and not all Islamic principles were considered. However, it is applicable for Islamic banks, especially considering internationalization in their businesses and the further development of Islamic banking. At the same time, this model puts ethical norms in the spotlight. This is particularly emphasized in the case of non-Muslim countries or in societies where a particular law does not regulate Islamic bank activities.

Originality/value

Although there is a growing literature on this topic, existing studies primarily discuss the Islamic approach to CSR from the overall perspective, not in a specific industry. While some authors developed their own Islamic CSR models relying on the primaryShariahsources, others base their proposals on other classical CSR ideas. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study based on the CSR model developed by Masoud (2017), considering the relationship between economics and religion and the implications of the Islamic moral economy.
Gaslighting and its application to interpersonal violence
Authors: Dickson Prashansa , Ireland Jane L. , Birch Philip
Published: January 2023

Purpose

The study aims to examine the nature of gaslighting and how it relates to interpersonal aggression.

Design/methodology/approach

It does so first through application of a Rapid Evidence Assessment (REA) to understand how gaslighting is understood academically. This RAE captured 50 articles, with 12 retained for thematic review. Results were then used to develop a gaslighting behaviour measure, which was then applied in an online study of adults (n = 386; 77.2% women).

Findings

Five themes were identified from the REA: components of gaslighting; gaslighting as a tool for abuse; perpetrators as damaged manipulators; experiences and characteristics of victims; and institutional and racial gaslighting. In the ensuing study, results demonstrated that emotional abuse was broadly related both to the perpetration and experiencing of gaslighting, indicating that it may represent an extension of emotional abuse. The relationship to trait aggression was limited and primarily isolated to victims presenting with higher levels of trait aggression capturing more emotional components (e.g. anger/hostility).

Research limitations/implications

The importance of context in understanding the relationship between gaslighting, emotional abuse and aggression was indicated, with some complexity found. Suggestions for future research are made.

Practical implications

Accounting for context in understanding gaslighting is key. Developing and validating measures for gaslighting would assist with the evaluation of this behaviour. When working with those who have a history of emotional abuse, considering gaslighting as a further element is potentially important. It should not be assumed that gaslighting has an association with non-emotional aggression; the type of relationship where it is occurring is important.

Originality/value

This study is the first to consider the development of a gaslighting measure, which is informed by a methodological review of the literature.
Collective action in social entrepreneurial ventures: the role of shared meaning
Authors: Ntamu Diana Nandagire , Balunywa Waswa , Nsereko Isa , Kwemarira Godwin
Published: January 2023

Purpose

Social entrepreneurs engage in collective action to adapt and solve social problems in complex environments. Through collective action, they mobilise and access resources to create positive social change in local communities. While previous studies explain the role of social identity in promoting cooperation, this paper aims to examine shared meaning as a predictor of collective action in social entrepreneurial ventures (SEVs). This study was conducted among founders of SEVs focusing on their engagement in collective action.

Design/methodology/approach

The study adopted a cross-sectional survey to achieve its objectives. The population comprised 558 SEVs registered with the Kampala Capital City Authority in Uganda. A sample size of 226 social ventures was determined using Krecjie and Morgan and participants were selected using the simple random sampling technique. The questionnaires were distributed by two research assistants, and 210 completed questionnaires were returned. Structural equation modelling was used to analyse survey data and test the study hypotheses.

Findings

The study findings show that shared meaning in the form of teamwork and group efficacy predict collective action in SEVs.

Research limitations/implications

The results have implications for social entrepreneurship researchers, practitioners and policymakers. Firstly, creating social ties by belonging to different groups in the community creates common understanding among social entrepreneurs and other actors fostering cooperation to solve problems in the local community. Secondly, understanding each other’s perspective well enough facilitates a shared view of social problems for combined action.

Practical implications

SEVs should provide relevant information using the right channels in local communities to promote collaboration. Failure to use the right communication channels may prevent collective action. Managers in social ventures should allow for open information sharing between themselves and the partners that they work with to address social problems. This enables them to share both the good and bad feedback. It also enables the growth of teams and improves how they work. The teams should be developed with specific responsibilities so that everyone is clear on what they should do while addressing social problems.

Originality/value

The researchers argue that shared meaning develops when social entrepreneurs interact with the local community and other stakeholders prompting joint action to address social problems. This study extends knowledge on collective action using the activity domain theory.
Contribution of Islamic banks and macroeconomic variables to economic growth in developing countries: vector error correction model approach (VECM)
Authors: Kismawadi Early Ridho
Published: January 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of Islamic banks (IBs) and macroeconomic variables on economic growth in Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Malaysia, Qatar, Bahrain and Bangladesh.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on these criteria, 672 observations from 24 IBs in Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Malaysia, Qatar, Bahrain and Bangladesh were chosen for further investigation. Time series analysis is a well-known method for determining if model variables are stationary and how long-term relationships function through cointegration analysis. This study uses impulse response function (IRF) and variance decomposition (VD) methodologies to demonstrate how each macroeconomic variable shock influences the short-term dynamic path of all system variables.

Findings

Islamic banking promotes economic growth, especially in Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Kuwait, Malaysia, Qatar, Bahrain and Bangladesh. The findings of the Islamic banking VDC test have a direct and long-term effect on economic growth.

Research limitations/implications

The literature on this topic can be improved in a number of ways, including by adopting a more robust method to analyze over a longer time frame. By researching specific financing in various areas of the economy, one can gain a deeper understanding of Islamic financing. This will enable the identification of sectors that contribute to economic expansion. Future research should examine combining nations with pure Islam and dual-banking systems to acquire sufficient data.

Practical implications

This paper has practice and research implications. It recommends adopting the nation’s successful experiment with the Islamic banking system as a model for attaining economic growth through Islamic financing. To replicate this successful experiment, government-based decision-makers and monetary policy experts must collaborate to make Islamic money flows simple and rapid through financial channels that enhance economic growth.

Originality/value

The study of the contribution of Islamic banking to economic growth in developing nations, particularly those with the highest total assets (TAs) and total deposits (TDs) in the world, remains of modest value. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to empirically assess the impact of IBs in developing nations, particularly those with the highest TAs and TDs in the world, on economic growth as measured by gross domestic product (GDP).
Árbol Que Nace Torcido, Jamás Su Tronco Endereza/tree that is born crooked, its trunk never straightens: unlearning colonization at a Hispanic Serving Institution
Authors: Scholz Teresa Maria Linda , Flores Carmona Judith
Published: January 2023

Purpose

Replicating colonization at Hispanic Serving Institutions (HSIs) must be addressed from the root, structurally. At New Mexico State University (NMSU) the authors are aimed to commit to going beyond counting and enrolling, to center servingness.

Design/methodology/approach

HSIs will continue to struggle in fulfilling their mission, especially given the fast-growing Latina/e/o/x populations in the United States (US). A major challenge all HSIs face is the contrasting demographics between the student population, the faculty and staff and the administration – with HSI administrations consistently being predominantly White.

Findings

Hence, in this piece the authors shed light on the important work the authors have done these last two years through collaborative efforts to transform the institution and center servingness. Judith as the Interim Director of Chicano Programs, and Linda as the inaugural Vice President for equity, inclusion and diversity.

Originality/value

Herein, the authors now share about the genre of testimonio as a decolonial methodology and about the experiences in our work as we attempt to decolonize the praxis at an HSI.
Entrepreneurial mindset and SME internationalization in Uganda: the mediating role of international networking
Authors: Ahimbisibwe Godwin Mwesigye , Ngoma Muhammed , Nabatanzi-Muyimba Annet K. , Kabagambe Levi Bategeka
Published: January 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the mediating role of international networking in the relationship between entrepreneurial mindset and small- and medium-sized enterprise (SME) internationalization using evidence from exporting SMEs in Uganda.

Design/methodology/approach

This study adopted a cross-sectional research design. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey of 206 exporting SMEs that are members of the Uganda Export Promotions Board. Data was analysed using SPSS and SmartPLS.

Findings

The study established that international networking mediates the relationship between entrepreneurial mindset and SME internationalization. This suggests that international networking is a conduit through which entrepreneurial mindset relates to SME internationalization.

Research limitations/implications

This study was conducted within the particular national context of Uganda. Replication of this research within other settings is needed to cross-validate the present findings. The study reveals that the entrepreneurial proclivity of managers and owners of exporting SMEs in Uganda can be enhanced through establishing networks in foreign markets to realize international expansion. SMEs should therefore initiate, build and strengthen partner relationships in foreign markets for successful international expansion.

Practical implications

The study reveals that the entrepreneurial proclivity of managers and owners of exporting SMEs in Uganda can be enhanced through establishing networks in foreign markets to realize international expansion. SMEs in Uganda should, therefore, strive to support entrepreneurial-oriented individuals to initiate and establish foreign market partnerships for successful international expansion.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the mediating role of international networking in the relationship between entrepreneurial mindset and SME internationalization from a developing country of Uganda.
Influence of bonding temperature on the properties of Cu/(SAC mixed powder)/Al joints under ultrasonic-assisted
Authors: Gan Guisheng , Chen Shi-qi , Jiang Liujie , Liu Cong , Ma Peng , Huang Tian , Cheng Dayong , Liu Xin
Published: January 2023

Purpose

This study aims to research properties of Cu/SAC0307 mixed solder balls/Al joints with different bonding temperature under ultrasonic-assisted.

Design/methodology/approach

A new method that 1 mm Zn particles and Sn-0.3Ag-0.7 (SAC0307) with a particle size of 25–38 mm were mixed to fill the joint and successfully achieved micro-joining of Cu/Al under ultrasonic-assisted.

Findings

The results indicated that when the bonding temperature was 180°C, there was only one layer of CuZn5 intermetallic compounds (IMCs) at the Cu interface. However, when the bonding temperature was 190°C, 200°C and 210°C, the Cu interface IMCs had two layers: for one layer, the IMCs near the Cu substrate were Cu5Zn8 and for another layer, the IMCs near the solder were CuZn5. In addition, the thickness of the Cu interfacial IMCs increased with the bonding temperature. In particular, the thickness of IMCs at the Cu interface of the Cu/Al joints soldered at 210°C was 4.6 µm, which increased by 139.6% compared with that of the Cu/Al joints soldered at 180°C. However, there was no IMC layer at the Al interface, but there might be a Zn–Al solid solution layer. The shear strength of Cu/Al joints soldered at 180°C was only 15.01 MPa, but as the soldering temperature continued to increase, the shear strength of the Cu/Al joints increased rapidly. When the soldering temperature was 200°C, the shear strength of the Cu/Al joints reached the maximum of 38.07 MPa, which was 153.6% higher than that at 180°C. When the soldering temperature was 180°C, the fracture of Cu/Al joints was mainly on the Al side. However, when soldering temperature was 190°C, 200°C and 210°C, the fracture of Cu/Al joints was mainly broken in the Zn particles layer.

Originality/value

A new method that 1 mm Zn particles and Sn-0.3Ag-0.7 (SAC0307) with a particle size of 25–38 mm were mixed to fill the Cu/Al joint at 210°C.
Innovation capability and sustainability: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Fitz-Oliveira Mônica , Wasgen Alexsandra Maria
Published: January 2023

Purpose

Currently, studies involving innovation capability and sustainability have been gaining prominence. This logic is also permeating the firms, which need to adapt their innovation capabilities to sustainability. Therefore, the objective of this article is to map the field of innovation capability and sustainability to observe how these two areas have evolved over time.

Design/methodology/approach

The bibliometric method was used to conduct this study from the Scopus database.

Findings

The authors verified in their research that the theme appears in the literature in the mid-2000s, however as of 2013 it has gained strength, opening discussions on different fronts. The results show that theoretical and empirical research does not dissociate the fundamental logic of the firm that is to produce and remain competitive from the new logics of generating innovation capability for sustainability, on the contrary, sustainability is an important component for its economic performance.

Originality/value

No other studies are found in the literature that search for the state of the art of the evolution of the innovation capability and sustainability.
Emergence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus serotype O10:K4 in Thailand
Authors: Okada Kazuhisa , Roobthaisong Amonrattana , Hearn Suthida Muangnoicharoen , Okada Pilailuk Akkapaiboon , Doung‐Ngern Pawinee , Wongboot Warawan , Nakkarach Atchareeya , Morita Masatomo , Kodama Toshio , Iida Tetsuya
Published: January 2023

An emerging serotype O10:K4 of Vibrio parahaemolyticus has been predominantly isolated from outbreaks and sporadic cases in China. Herein, we report the first case of infection due to V. parahaemolyticus O10:K4 isolated from a hospitalized patient with acute diarrhea in Thailand. We sequenced the whole genome of the O10:K4 strain and compared it with those of the pandemic O3:K6 strain, O10:K4 strains in China, and other clinical and environmental strains. The results suggested that the O10:K4 strains are not a mere serotype variant diverged from the pandemic O3:K6 strain, confirming that the O10:K4 strain emergence has spread to Southeast Asia.
The Effect of Firms' Information Exposure on Safeguarding Employee Health: Evidence from COVID‐19
Authors: LIU LISA YAO , LU SHIRLEY
Published: January 2023

We show that information exposure through international business networks enables firms to take proactive measures that benefit employees and potentially the local community. Specifically, in the early days of COVID‐19, firms that have business networks with China and Italy are more likely to be aware of the severity of the disease, and proactively implement work‐from‐home (“WFH”) policies that can protect their employees. Using Safegraph foot traffic data, we find a higher stay‐at‐home ratio before local governments impose lockdowns in zip codes where firms have a larger information exposure. These areas are also associated with a lower spread of COVID‐19. Our main findings are more pronounced when local governments face constraints in quickly responding to COVID‐19 and when firms have a higher WFH capability or have more investors with socially responsible preferences. Collectively, we present evidence on the role of private corporations in mitigating the negative effects of a public health crisis before government intervention.
Nature of comovements in US state and MSA housing prices
Authors: Tidwell Alan , (Olivia) Lu Yan , Lee Junsoo , Banerjee Piyali
Published: January 2023

This study analyzes the time‐varying nature and determinants of comovements in US housing prices using state and metropolitan statistical area (MSA) data. We employ dynamic factor models with time‐varying loadings and stochastic volatility (DFM‐TV‐SV) to estimate the national, regional, and state factors. The time‐varying factor loadings and stochastic volatility features enrich the dynamic factor model structures and are an effective tool to examine the comovements in housing prices. We find that the national factor is the dominant factor in explaining the movement of housing prices. The national factor accounts for 79% of the variation in state‐level housing prices on average, with the greatest magnitude occurring during the housing boom and bust periods in many regions and states. We also find that the factors and synchronization effects are time‐varying and heterogeneous across regions. The state‐level housing prices contain higher national housing factor components in states with more diverse economies, higher wages and house prices, and lower unemployment rates. These findings shed light on the effectiveness of residential real estate diversification across the United States and the potential for elevated national housing risk amid economic downturns due to increased national housing price integration.
Translation and psychometrics of the Persian version of the Good Nursing Care Scale in Iran
Authors: Esmalizadeh Ahmad , Heidarzadeh Mehdi , Ramazanzadeh Nargess , Karimollahi Mansoureh
Published: January 2023

Background and aim

Identifying and evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of nursing care provided to improve the quality of nursing care is increasingly emphasized, and it requires using valid tools in this field. This study aimed to translate and determine the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the “Good Nursing Care Scale” (GNCS‐P).

Methods

The present study is a methodological study in which the psychometric dimensions of GNCS‐P were studied from the perspective of 200 patients who were admitted to the hospitals of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences. After translating the original version of the scale, its validity and reliability were evaluated and data analysis was performed using statistical package for social science (version 16) and analysis of moment structures (version 24).

Results

The effect score of the item in the evaluation of face validity for each item was above 2.4. The content validity ratio for the scale was 0.88, and the content validity index tool was 0.86. The correlation of total instrument scores with the standard instrument was 0.839. According to the results of factor analysis, the values of factor loading of items were between 0.62 and 0.91, which were all significant. Therefore, the seven dimensions introduced in the main tool were approved. In addition, Cronbach's alpha results of 0.865 and correlation of 0.894 in the test–retest showed that the questionnaire has internal consistency and acceptable stability.

Conclusion

The Persian version of the GNCS‐P has acceptable psychometric properties in the Iranian population and can be used as a valid tool in the areas of quality assessment of nursing care, education, and nursing research.

Implications for Nursing Practice

The results showed the validity and reliability of the tool and its usability as a valid tool in evaluating the quality of nursing care.
Biased GLP‐2 agonist with strong G protein‐coupling but impaired arrestin recruitment and receptor desensitization enhances intestinal growth in mice
Authors: Gabe Maria Buur Nordskov , von Voss Liv , Hunt Jenna Elizabeth , Gadgaard Sarina , Gasbjerg Lærke Smidt , Holst Jens Juul , Kissow Hannelouise , Hartmann Bolette , Rosenkilde Mette Marie
Published: January 2023

Background and Purpose

Glucagon‐like peptide‐2 (GLP‐2) is secreted postprandially by enteroendocrine L‐cells and stimulates growth of the gut and bone. One GLP‐2 analogue is approved for short bowel syndrome (SBS). To improve therapeutic efficacy, we developed biased GLP‐2 receptor (GLP‐2R) agonists through N‐terminal modifications.

Experimental Approach

Variants with Ala and Trp substitutions of the first seven positions of GLP‐2(1‐33) were studied in vitro for affinity, G protein activation (cAMP accumulation), recruitment of β‐arrestin 1 and 2, and internalization of the human and mouse GLP‐2R. The intestinotrophic actions of the most efficacious (cAMP) biased variant were examined in mice.

Key Results

Ala substitutions had more profound effects than Trp substitutions. For both, alterations at positions 1, 3 and 6 most severely impaired activity. β‐arrestin recruitment was more affected than cAMP accumulation. Among Ala substitutions, [H1A], [D3A] and [F6A] impaired potency (EC50) for cAMP‐accumulation >20‐fold and efficacy (Emax) to 48%–87%, and were unable to recruit arrestins. The Trp substitutions, [A2W], [D3W] and [G4W] were partial agonists (Emax of 46%–59%) with 1.7–12‐fold decreased potencies in cAMP and diminished β‐arrestin recruitment. The biased variants, [F6A], [F6W] and [S7W] induced less GLP‐2R internalization compared with GLP‐2, which induced internalization in a partly arrestin‐independent manner. In mice, [S7W] enhanced gut trophic actions with increased weight of the small intestine, increased villus height and crypt depth compared with GLP‐2.

Conclusion and Implications

G protein‐biased GLP‐2R agonists with diminished receptor desensitization have superior intestinotrophic effects and may represent improved treatment of intestinal insufficiency including SBS.
Latitudinal patterns of egg size and maternal investment trade‐offs in reef corals
Authors: Gutierrez‐Isaza Nataly , Sampayo Eugenia M. , Lovelock Catherine E. , Dalton Steven J. , Sims Carrie A. , Ward Selina , Pandolfi John M.
Published: January 2023

Aim

The aims were to test the role of temperature in latitudinal patterns of egg size and investigate maternal investment trade‐offs among coral taxa.

Location

Global, from 34° S to 34° N.

Time period

1981–2020.

Major taxa studied

Reef coral species from the order Scleractinia.

Methods

We compiled a comprehensive geo‐referenced global dataset of egg sizes (diameter or volume) and fecundity (number of eggs per area) for colonial corals (Scleractinia; 123 species, 5359 observations and 39 localities), substantially enhanced by new field collections (>88% of observations). We used Bayesian phylogenetic multilevel models to test for Rass' rule (a hypothesized negative relationship between egg size and temperature); we also included other environmental variables and life history traits. We also tested whether a trade‐off exists between egg size and fecundity in broadcast spawning hermaphroditic corals with horizontal symbiont transmission (HHT).

Results

We found a significant relationship between coral egg size and symbiont transmission. Eggs from coral species with vertical symbiont transmission were c. 18.8% smaller than those from species with horizontal symbiont transmission. We also found non‐significant relationships between egg size and sea surface temperature (SST) for broadcast spawning corals and between egg size and fecundity specifically for HHT species.

Main conclusions

Contrary to recognized latitudinal patterns of egg size across taxa, our study does not provide support for Rass' rule in corals. Additionally, our findings do not support a maternal investment trade‐off between egg size and fecundity for HHT species. Our study used a phylogenetic framework that should be a standard practice when studying interspecific variation, including investigation of maternal investment and identification of the influence of multiple predictors on larval fitness (egg size), in addition to trade‐offs affecting propagule influx (fecundity). Both these functional traits are vital and have direct consequences for population maintenance and connectivity in sessile organisms, such as corals.
Modeling strategies and data needs for representing coastal wetland vegetation in land surface models
Authors: LaFond‐Hudson Sophia , Sulman Benjamin
Published: January 2023

Vegetated coastal ecosystems sequester carbon rapidly relative to terrestrial ecosystems. Coastal wetlands are poorly represented in land surface models, but work is underway to improve process‐based, predictive modeling of these ecosystems. Here, we identify guiding questions, potential simulations, and data needs to make progress in improving representation of vegetation in terrestrial–aquatic interfaces, with a focus on coastal and estuarine ecosystems. We synthesize relevant plant traits and environmental controls on vegetation that influence carbon cycling in coastal ecosystems. We propose that models include separate plant functional types (PFTs) for mangroves, graminoid salt marshes, and succulent salt marshes to adequately represent the variation in aboveground and belowground productivity between common coastal wetland vegetation types. We also discuss the drivers and carbon storage consequences of shifts in dominant PFTs. We suggest several potential approaches to represent the diversity in vegetation tolerance and adaptations to fluctuations in salinity and water level, which drive key gradients in coastal wetland ecosystems. Finally, we discuss data needs for parameterizing and evaluating model implementations of coastal wetland vegetation types and function.
CYCLIN‐DEPENDENT KINASE 8 positively regulates oil synthesis by activating WRINKLED1 transcription
Authors: Zhai Zhiyang , Blanford Jantana K. , Cai Yingqi , Sun Jing , Liu Hui , Shi Hai , Schwender Jorg , Shanklin John
Published: January 2023

CYCLIN‐DEPENDENT KINASE 8 (CDK8), a component of the kinase module of the Mediator complex in Arabidopsis, is involved in many processes, including flowering, plant defense, drought, and energy stress responses. Here, we investigated cdk8 mutants and CDK8‐overexpressing lines to evaluate whether CDK8 also plays a role in regulating lipid synthesis, an energy‐demanding anabolism.

Quantitative lipid analysis demonstrated significant reductions in lipid synthesis rates and lipid accumulation in developing siliques and seedlings of cdk8, and conversely, elevated lipid contents in wild‐type seed overexpressing CDK8. Transactivation assays show that CDK8 is necessary for maximal transactivation of the master seed oil activator WRINKLED1 (WRI1) by the seed maturation transcription factor ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE3, supporting a direct regulatory role of CDK8 in oil synthesis.

Thermophoretic studies show GEMINIVIRUS REP INTERACTING KINASE1, an activating kinase of KIN10 (a catalytic subunit of SUCROSE NON‐FERMENTING1‐RELATED KINASE1), physically interacts with CDK8, resulting in its phosphorylation and degradation in the presence of KIN10.

This work defines a mechanism whereby, once activated, KIN10 downregulates WRI1 expression and suppresses lipid synthesis via promoting the degradation of CDK8. The KIN10‐CDK8‐dependent regulation of lipid synthesis described herein is additional to our previously reported KIN10‐dependent phosphorylation and degradation of WRI1.
A strategic review and research roadmap for offshore seaweed aquaculture—A case study from southern Australia
Authors: Visch Wouter , Layton Cayne , Hurd Catriona L. , Macleod Catriona , Wright Jeffrey T.
Published: January 2023

Global seaweed aquaculture production has more than tripled since 2002 and is dominated by Asian countries with farming operations that typically occur in relatively wave‐protected, nearshore areas. To meet future demand, production must move to “non‐traditional” regions and into less contested waters offshore. However, the technological complexities and uncertainties in the performance of seaweed cultivated in high‐energy offshore environments are substantial and must be overcome. Here, we identify knowledge gaps and suggest a research roadmap to inform the advancement of a commercial offshore seaweed aquaculture industry using southern Australian species as case studies: (1) Durvillaea spp. (order Fucales); (2) four kelps (order Laminariales); and (3) the rhodophyte Asparagopsis. These groups lie along a spectrum of commercial viability and readiness for offshore aquaculture, and key knowledge gaps are cultivation technology and the suitability to offshore conditions. Cultivation of Durvillaea is restricted by a low level of biological and technical understanding, but there is high market potential and readiness. For laminarian kelps, commercial production in nearshore conditions is already occurring elsewhere, which make them the most likely candidate for offshore cultivation in the medium term. Asparagopsis is least suited to offshore conditions, with substantial gaps in general cultivation knowledge, and its cultivation is likely to be restricted to land‐based systems or relatively sheltered nearshore waters. The knowledge gaps identified here will inform research and development programs to advance offshore seaweed aquaculture in southern Australia and globally.
Dissolved silica‐driven dolomite precipitation in the Great Salt Lake, Utah, and its implication for dolomite formation environments
Authors: Fang Yihang , Hobbs Franklin , Yang Yiping , Xu Huifang
Published: January 2023

Since the discovery of dolomite, numerous attempts have been made to understand its precipitation mechanism at Earth's surface conditions. One such mechanism relies on a relationship with microbial life, where laboratory synthesis experiments have shown that specific organic molecules, such as polysaccharides, exopolymeric substances and hydrogen sulphide can promote dolomite precipitation. Other mechanisms for precipitating dolomite focus on abiotic chemical environments, such as adding dissolved silica, which lower the dehydration energy barrier for the surface Mg2+‐water complex and promote disordered dolomite precipitation. Modern occurrences of dolomite in the Great Salt Lake, Utah, have been studied since the early 20th Century. The distribution of primary dolomite in the Great Salt Lake is spatially heterogeneous, with only the carbonate mud in the South Arm and ridge‐site between desiccation cracks in the North Arm being dominated by dolomite and calcite, while stromatolites in both Arms and ooidal sands in the North Arm are composed entirely of aragonite. It was proposed that dolomite precipitation in the Great Salt Lake was possibly induced by microbial activities such as organic degradation, bacteria sulphate reduction, or other microbial metabolic by‐products. However, these hypotheses could not explain the lack of dolomite in microbial mats, especially in the North Arm, which is constituted by mostly aragonite with no dolomite. Our results suggest that dissolved silica concentration is the primary control for dolomite and Mg‐clay formation in the Great Salt Lake. Even though the North Arm has a much more concentrated Mg and Ca water from lack of freshwater input, dissolved silica levels in the South Arm (>0.5 mm) and the Ridge‐site (ca 0.5 mm) are much higher than in the North Arm (<0.2 mm). Our finding could also provide a new proxy for reconstructing climate changes in the Great Salt Lake area based on dolomite content variation. Phanerozoic dolomite abundance variations may be linked to global CO2 level that facilitates global chemical weathering and dissolved silica input into palaeo‐ocean.
Challenges of Print Newspapers in Kosovo in the Period 1999 to 2020
Authors: Selimi Ferid
Published: January 2023

The research objective is to examine the challenges faced by newspapers in Kosovo from 1999 to 2020. By using qualitative methods, the study aims to identify the factors that have led to the discontinuation of daily printed newspapers in Kosovo. The main drivers of this trend have been identified as the speed at which news can reach readers through electronic media, as well as the financial burden of unsold newspapers on the editorial offices, rather than on distribution networks. The findings of the study indicate that, as of March 2020, Kosovo has been left without daily newspapers due to the Covid-19 pandemic, as the government implemented measures that resulted in the temporary closure of business that newspapers. This has led to the accelerated closure of four daily print newspapers in Kosovo, which now only continue to publish in an electronic format. The pressure caused by these circumstances ultimately led to the discontinuation of printing and the shift to electronic version, which have a much lower financial cost.
Limit points of commuting probabilities of finite groups
Authors: Browning Thomas
Published: January 2023

The commuting probability of a finite group is the probability that two randomly chosen elements commute. Let denote the set of all possible commuting probabilities of finite groups. We prove that is closed, which was conjectured by Joseph in 1977.
On the Hofer–Zehnder conjecture on weighted projective spaces
Authors: Allais Simon
Published: January 2023

We prove an extension of the homology version of the Hofer–Zehnder conjecture proved by Shelukhin to the weighted projective spaces which are symplectic orbifolds. In particular, we prove that if the number of fixed points counted with their isotropy order as multiplicity of a non-degenerate Hamiltonian diffeomorphism of such a space is larger than the minimum number possible, then there are infinitely many periodic points.
The effect of marketing and R&D expenditures on firm profitability and stock return: Evidence from BIST
Authors: Sekeroglu Gamze , Karaboga Kazım
Published: January 2023

This study aims to determine the effects of R&D and marketing expenditures of companies that force marketing and finance to act together on stock return, return on assets, and return on equity. To this end, the quarterly frequency data of nine companies that were continuously traded in the BIST Technology Index between March 2009 and December 2020 were examined with panel-data analysis. In line with the purpose of the research, analyzes were carried out in three different models. First of all, we determined which tests should be performed on the models based on the cross-sectional dependence, homogeneity/heterogeneity, and panel unit root test results obtained for the established models. The results of panel least squares test carried out to determine the effect of R&D and marketing expenditures on stock return showed that the effect of R&D expenditures on stock return was not statistically significant while marketing expenditures had a positive and significant effect on stock return. Analyzes should be continued with cointegration tests according to the characteristics of the two models established to determine the effect of R&D and marketing expenditures on return on assets and return on equity. The results implied a positive and significant relationship between R&D expenditures and return on both assets and equity. While no statistically significant relationship was found between marketing expenditures and return on assets, there was a positive and significant relationship between marketing expenditures and return on equity.
Teach beyond the syllabus, occasionally
Authors: Chong Zhiwei
Published: January 2023

Instructors may reasonably be unwilling to assign challenge problems that are beyond the scope of the syllabus. I somehow feel the opposite and love to give students problems that are slightly beyond their capability, hoping that one or two may fail to resist the tantalization and thereby struggle through them. I benevolently enjoy observing that struggle, and my observations convince me that students’ creativity should in no way be underestimated. Their unorthodox and imaginative solutions make teaching enjoyable. In this paper, I recall three such delightful problems and their creative solutions.
Constructing Wave Functions Using Mathematical Reasoning
Authors: Sokolowski Andrzej
Published: January 2023

Transfer of structural math knowledge to physics is difficult for students. While research suggests various improvement techniques, enhancing parallelism of algebraic structures used in physics to those studied in mathematics courses seems underrepresented. This paper proposes an alternative way of introducing wave functions as a set of parametric equations. Research shows that the mathematical underpinnings of the mechanical wave function are problematic for students. As seen from the math perspective, there can be several drawbacks that likely impede scientific analysis and interpretation of the wave function: y(x,t)=A cos(2πλx−2πTt).
Advancing Desulfurization in the Model Biocatalyst
Rhodococcus qingshengii
IGTS8 via an
In Locus
Combinatorial Approach
Authors: Martzoukou Olga , Amillis Sotiris , Glekas Panayiotis D. , Breyanni Dimitra , Avgeris Margaritis , Scorilas Andreas , Kekos Dimitris , Pachnos Michalis , Mavridis George , Mamma Diomi , Hatzinikolaou Dimitris G.
Published: January 2023

Rhodococcus
is perhaps the most promising biodesulfurization genus and is able to withstand the harsh process conditions of a biphasic biodesulfurization process. In the present work, we constructed an advanced biocatalyst harboring a combination of three genetic modifications, namely, an operon rearrangement, a promoter exchange, and a gene overlap removal.
Comparison of Five Commercial Molecular Assays for
Mycoplasma
Testing of Cellular Therapy Products
Authors: Totten Arthur H. , Adams Anna Julia , Halas Hyunmi K. , Gebo James E. T. , East Amanda D. , Lau Anna F.
Published: January 2023

Testing of cellular therapy products for
Mycoplasma
is a regulatory requirement by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to ensure the sterility and safety of the product prior to release for patient infusion. The risk of
Mycoplasma
contamination in cell culture is high.
Minimal Antigenic Evolution after a Decade of Norovirus GII.4 Sydney_2012 Circulation in Humans
Authors: Parra Gabriel I. , Tohma Kentaro , Ford-Siltz Lauren A. , Eguino Patricia , Kendra Joseph A. , Pilewski Kelsey A. , Gao Yamei
Published: January 2023

GII.4 noroviruses are the major cause of acute gastroenteritis in all age groups. This predominance has been attributed to the continued emergence of phylogenetically discrete variants that escape immune responses to previous infections.
Characterization of the HHV-6B U20 Immunoevasin
Authors: Schneider Christine L. , Whyte Melissa L. , Konrad Sheryl L. , Hudson Amy W.
Published: January 2023

The roseolovirus U20 proteins are virus-encoded integral membrane glycoproteins possessing class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-like folds. Surprisingly, although U20 proteins from HHV-6A and -6B share 92% identity, recent studies ascribe different functions to HHV6A U20 and HHV6B U20.