bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Water-assisted synthesis of stable and multicolored CsPbX3@SiO2 core–shell nanoparticles as fluorescent probes for biosensing
Authors: Collantes Cynthia , Teixeira William , González-Pedro Victoria , Bañuls María-José , Quintero-Campos Pedro , Morais Sergi , Maquieira Ángel
Published: November 2023

Multicolored CsPbX3@SiO2 (X = Cl/Br, Br and I) NPs obtained by the combination of the water-triggered transformation of Cs4PbX6 NCs with the sol–gel process.
Trigonal prismatic coordination geometry imparted by a macrocyclic ligand: an approach to large axial magnetic anisotropy for Co(ii)
Authors: Zahradníková Eva , Sutter Jean-Pascal , Halaš Petr , Drahoš Bohuslav
Published: November 2023

Large axial magnetic anisotropy and SMM behavior are achieved in a series of Co(ii) complexes with a robust trigonal prismatic geometry imparted by a macrocyclic ligand. Theoretical insights reveal a more negative D-value with weaker field coligand.
Iridium–palladium binary alloy as a counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Aziz N. A. S. , Rahman M. Y. A. , Umar A. A. , Mawarnis E. R.
Published: November 2023

This study is concerned with the iridium–palladium (Ir–Pd) binary alloy as a counter electrode (CE) for DSSC.
A Trojan horse approach for enhancing the cellular uptake of a ruthenium nitrosyl complex
Authors: Labra-Vázquez Pablo , Rocha Erika , Xiao Yue , Tassé Marine , Duhayon Carine , Farfán Norberto , Santillan Rosa , Gibot Laure , Lacroix Pascal G. , Malfant Isabelle
Published: November 2023

Ruthenium nitrosyl (RuNO) complexes continue to attract significant research interest due to several appealing features that make these photoactivatable nitric oxide (NO˙) donors attractive for applications in photoactivated chemotherapy.
Core–shell Ag@polypyrrole for synchronous pre-enrichment and immobilization of iodine (I−, IO3−) from liquid radioactive wastes
Authors: Zhao Qian , Liu Ruixi , Wang Zeru , Chen Guangyuan , Duan Tao , Zhu Lin
Published: November 2023

A core–shell silver-encapsulated polypyrrole, Ag@PPy, was prepared via in situ synthesis for simultaneous efficient adsorption and immobilization of iodide and iodate.
Evaluation of two methods allowing the full preparation in a single day of silicate rocks in view of radiogenic isotope (Nd, Sr, and Pb) analyses
Authors: Pin Christian , Gannoun Abdelmouhcine
Published: November 2023

In this paper, two approaches are described aiming to circumvent the bottle-neck associated with sample decomposition of silicate samples and subsequent isolation of three elements (Nd, Sr, and Pb) of interest for their radiogenic isotope compositions.
Grease the gears: how lubrication of syringe pumps impacts microfluidic flow precision
Authors: Leuthner Moritz , Hayden Oliver
Published: November 2023

Inadequately lubricated syringe pump parts can lead to 129% flow rate deviations in typical low-pressure (<500 mbar) lab-on-a-chip applications. With proper lubrication, five-fold smoother flow rates can be achieved for precise experiments (CV < 7%).
A dissipative and entropy-optimized MHD nanomaterial mixed convective flow for engineering applications
Authors: Shah Faqir , Hayat Tasawar , Ullah Asad , Khan Sohail A. , Momani Shaher
Published: November 2023

Nonlinear non-dimensional system is numerically computed using a Newton build in-shooting technique.
Mn(OAc)3 promoted cross-coupling reaction of disulfides with dialkyl phosphites
Authors: Wang Wen-Juan , Sun Jia , Wan Jian-Xin , Wang Xi-Cun
Published: November 2023

In mild reaction conditions, a novel and facile method has been developed for the formation of C–S bonds via a Mn(iii)-promoted cross-coupling reaction of disulfides with dialkyl phosphites.
Polyaniline wrapped graphene quantum dot decorated strontium titanate for robust high-performance flexible symmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Joy Rosmy , Wilson Merin K , Antony Aldrin , Konkena Bharathi , Padmanabhan Sibu C , Morris Michael A , Haridas Suja
Published: November 2023

Flexible supercapacitors: boosting performance with polyaniline-wrapped graphene quantum dots on strontium titanate.
Synthesis and anti-infective potency study of a Ru-based complex bearing benzonitrile against Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Huang Ziying , Jiang Guijuan , Song Yun , Chen Jingjing , Lin Wenjing , Yu Guangying , Duan Xuemin , Xiong Yanshi , Wang Jintao , Liao Xiangwen , Liu Lianghong
Published: November 2023

A Ru-based antimicrobial agent (RuBZ) containing benzonitrile was prepared that exhibits robust potency against S. aureus in vitro, as well as low toxicity and high efficacy in vivo.
Tailoring the density of states of Ni(OH)2with Ni0towards solar urea wastewater splitting
Authors: Zou Li , Tao Wenyan , Huang Jing , Wang Shuxiang , Zhang Yijia , Han Keqiang , Hu Yi , Gao Haoyan , Yang Pingping , Xie Jiale
Published: November 2023

Ni0doping can provide a more favorable distribution of density of states of Ni(OH)2for solar urea wastewater splitting.
Photogating interfacial effects in carbon nanotube-based transistors on a Si/SiO2 substrate toward highly sensitive photodetection
Authors: Serebrennikova Svetlana I. , Kopylova Daria S. , Gladush Yuriy G. , Krasnikov Dmitry V. , Mailis Sakellaris , Nasibulin Albert G.
Published: November 2023

We fabricated highly sensitive and fast phototransistors with a high signal-to-noise ratio on the basis of a sparse network of single-walled carbon nanotubes.
Electrical and optoelectronic anisotropy and surface electron accumulation in ReS2 nanostructures
Authors: Bangolla Hemanth Kumar , Yusuf Fakhri Muhammad , Lin Ching-Hsuan , Cheng Cheng-Maw , Lu Yi-Hung , Fu Tsu-Yi , Selvarasu Pushpa , Ulaganathan Rajesh Kumar , Sankar Raman , Chen Ruei-San
Published: November 2023

This work highlights the in-plane anisotropy of dark conductivity and photoconductivity in ReS2 nanoflakes. The naturally occurring surface electron accumulation (∼1019 cm−3) is over three orders of magnitude higher than the inner bulk values.
Ru nanoclusters anchored on boron- and nitrogen-doped carbon for a highly efficient hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline seawater
Authors: Jiang Binbin , Wang Zhen , Zhao Hui , Wang Xie , Mao Xiaoxia , Huang Aijian , Zhou Xuehua , Yin Kui , Sheng Kefa , Wang Junwei
Published: November 2023

Ru/NBC significantly facilitates water adsorption and hydrogen adsorption in alkaline media, resulting in excellent HER performance.
Enhancement and sensing applications of ultra-narrow band circular dichroism of the chiral nanopore films based on Bragg reflector
Authors: Wang Yongkai , Sun Jialin , Li Zhiduo , Han Qingyan , Gao Wei , Zhu Lipeng , Dong Jun , Zhang Zhongyue
Published: November 2023

A disruption layer and molybdenum disulfide are introduced into an L-shaped chiral nanohole array based on a distributed Bragg reflector. This structure can generate three strong ultra-narrowband circular dichroism signals based on Tamm resonances.
Editor's Choice collection: photon upconversion
Authors: Liu Xiaogang
Published: November 2023

Associate Editor, Professor Xiaogang Liu (National University of Singapore), introduces this Editor's Choice collection in Nanoscale on photon upconversion.
Deoxygenative coupling of alcohols with aromatic nitriles enabled by direct visible light excitation
Authors: Xiong Yanjiao , Wu Xuesong
Published: November 2023

A general and practical protocol is presented for visible-light-driven deoxygenative coupling of alcohols with aromatic nitriles in the absence of external photocatalysts.
Convenient synthesis of thiolated 2,7-disubstituted tropones via double C–N bond cleavage of tropinone derivatives
Authors: Huang Lei , Wang Yan , Liu Xin , Tian Shi-Kai
Published: November 2023

An unprecedented organic base-promoted reaction of readily available tropinone derivatives with thiols has been established to access thiolated 2,7-disubstituted tropones.
Centimeter-sized novel two-dimensional organic lead–tin mixed iodide single crystals for efficient photodetector applications
Authors: Jiang Xiaomei , Li Tiantian , Kong Qingzheng , Sun Ying , Tao Xutang
Published: November 2023

The Pb–Sn alloying method significantly contributes to reducing the bandgap and improving the stability for the construction of efficient photodetectors.
Bubble formation phenomenon on the absorber column for CO2 absorption and to produce precipitated silica sodium carbonate
Authors: Muljani Srie , Setyawan Heru , Nugraha Reva Edra
Published: November 2023

CO2 absorption using sodium silicate aqueous solution in a bubble column has been studied. Sodium silicate aqueous solutions are classified as non-Newtonian fluids that can affect the bubble distribution.
Electrochemical detection of creatinine: exploiting copper(ii) complexes at Pt microelectrode arrays
Authors: Kaewket Keerakit , Ngamchuea Kamonwad
Published: November 2023

Electrochemical sensing of creatinine, a kidney disease biomarker, at Pt microelectrode arrays via copper–creatinine complexes, enabling direct detection with <10 μL of sample.
Recent advances in biopolymers-based carbon materials for supercapacitors
Authors: Li Hongjie , Li Yanyu , Zhu Shenmin , Li Yulong , Zada Imran , Li Yao
Published: November 2023

SSupercapacitors are competitive candidates for novel green energy storage devices. However, their development is impeded by limited energy density, which can be addressed by developing high-capacitance electrode materials with efforts.
Repair of soft magnetic properties of wasted silicon steel and Co7Fe3 alloy deposition mechanism
Authors: Xing Hongxuan , Li Jidong , Hu Xianwei , Wang Yaowu , Wang Yiyong , Liang Zhipeng
Published: November 2023

In order to repair the soft magnetic properties of wasted silicon steel, a theoretical process of co-depositing Co–Fe soft magnetic alloy on the surface of wasted silicon steel is proposed.
Toughening of epoxy thermosets by self-assembled nanostructures of amphiphilic comb-like random copolymers
Authors: Jheng Li-Cheng , Chang Ting-Yu , Fan Chin-Ting , Hsieh Tsung-Han , Hsieh Feng-Ming , Huang Wan-Ju
Published: November 2023

Amphiphilic comb-like random copolymers bearing epoxy-philic PEGMMA and epoxy-phobic alkyl pendants can self-assemble into well-defined nanostructures in anhydride-cured epoxy thermosets.
NBS-mediated bromination and dehydrogenation of tetrahydro-quinoline in one pot: scope and mechanistic study
Authors: Yang Ruchun , Xiong Yongge , Deng Si , Bai Jiang , Song Xian-Rong , Xiao Qiang
Published: November 2023

An efficient and practical bromination/dehydrogenation of tetrahydroquinolines was developed for the one-pot construction of polybromoquinolines under mild conditions. NBS not only acts as an electrophile, but also as an oxidant in this reaction.
Modular preparation of cationic bipyridines and azaarenes via C–H activation
Authors: King Ryan P. , Yang Jenny Y.
Published: November 2023

A versatile method for the preparation of trimethylammonium- and triarylphosphonium-substituted bipyridines and azaheterocycles is disclosed. The impact of the cationic functionalities was investigated electrochemically.
Small molecular adjuvants repurpose antibiotics towards Gram-negative bacterial infections and multispecies bacterial biofilms
Authors: Dey Rajib , Mukherjee Sudip , Mukherjee Riya , Haldar Jayanta
Published: November 2023

Gram-negative bacteria pose a significant challenge due to two major resistance elements: impermeability of the outer membrane and the overexpression of efflux pumps, contributing to antibiotic resistance. SMA tackles both and aids in antibiotic rejuvenation.
Isotropic active colloids: explicit vs. implicit descriptions of propulsion mechanisms
Authors: Decayeux Jeanne , Fries Jacques , Dahirel Vincent , Jardat Marie , Illien Pierre
Published: November 2023

Modeling the couplings between active particles often neglects the possible many-body effects that control the propulsion mechanism.
Unveiling the bifunctional role of morphological differences of self-supported Cu(OH)2 in electrocatalysis
Authors: Honnappa Brahmari , Kumar T. R. Naveen , Sagayaraj Prince J. J. , Shenoy Sulakshana , Chuaicham Chitiphon , Yesupatham Manova Santhosh , Sengeni Anantharaj , Neppolian Bernaurdshaw , Sasaki Keiko , Sekar Karthikeyan
Published: November 2023

Structure engineering of copper foil by an anodization strategy for developing an electrocatalyst with nanoneedles showed exceptional MOR and OER activity.
Lithium metal batteries with in situ copolymerized fluorinated polyether electrolytes
Authors: Chen Zhichun , Xian Ji , Pan Xiaobo , Ren Fangping , Li Yuju , Tan Yan , Bai Yunfei , Wu Jincai
Published: November 2023

We report the in situ copolymerization of fluorinated copolyether electrolyte 0.03TB-TFPO/9DOL, which exhibits excellent performance in Li-metal batteries with high safety and cycling stability.
Efficient and stable organic solar cells based on all-solution-processed metal oxide transport layers
Authors: Tao Yangdan , Wang Di , He Xinyu , Chen Hongzheng , Li Chang-Zhi
Published: November 2023

Doping of solution-processed molybdenum oxide hole transport layers enabled the efficient and stable organic solar cells.
A facile strategy to fabricate a skin-like hydrogel with adhesive and highly stretchable attributes through small molecule triggering toward flexible electronics
Authors: Chen Qi , Ke Xiang , Cai Yusong , Wang Hao , Dong Zhiyun , Li Xinlong , Li Jinlin , Xu Xinyuan , Luo Jun , Li Jianshu
Published: November 2023

This study proposes a straightforward method to enhance the adhesion, flexibility, and stretchability of polyacrylamide hydrogels through the incorporation of tris, positioning it as a promising matrix for skin-attachable applications.
Superconductivity in Ca3H2 electride at moderate pressure
Authors: Chen Ziqiang , Xie Teng , Liu Peng-Fei , Xiong Rui , Cui Zhou , Xu Zihao , Wen Cuilian , Wang Bao-Tian , Sa Baisheng
Published: November 2023

The hydrogen-based electride Ca3H2 exhibits low-temperature superconductivity with both 0D and 2D interstitial electrons under ambient pressure, while maintaining its 2D electride nature and displaying good superconductivity under moderate pressures.
Investigation of enhanced third-order optical nonlinearity in novel coenzyme A capped silver nanoparticles
Authors: Kurdekar Aditya Dileep , Chettri Prajal , Kurnoothala Rajasimha , Manohar Chelli Sai , Srivastava Shailesh , Vishnubhatla Krishna Chaitanya
Published: November 2023

Coenzyme A-capped silver nanoparticles were synthesised using chemical reduction and their enhanced third order nonlinear susceptibility was investigated using degenerate four wave mixing studies.
Halogen effect in photomechanical molecular crystals
Authors: Zhong Jiangbin , Sun Jingbo , Ye Kaiqi , Lu Ran
Published: November 2023

Halogen-involved intermolecular interactions affect the stacking of photo-responsive chromophores and the photochemical reactions in crystals. This review highlights the halogen effect in photomechanical crystals.
Ultra-broadening near-infrared emission of Cr3+-activated pyroxene phosphors via chemical unit substitution and Yb3+ co-doping
Authors: Sun Shuofeng , Yang Yuming , Zhang Renfei , Mao Qinan , Pei Lang , Xi Junhua , Ding Yang , Zhu Yiwen , Yu Hua , Zhong Jiasong
Published: November 2023

Near-infrared emission of Cr3+-activated pyroxene phosphors with an FWHM of 264 nm is achieved by a dual approach of chemical unit substitution and Yb3+ co-doping.
Developing versatile dendrimer host materials for solution-processed phosphorescence, TADF and multi-resonance narrow-band OLEDs
Authors: Zhang Wenhao , Yu Jianmin , Cao Qingpeng , Qian Youqiang , Wang Jiayi , Yang Caixia , Zhuang Hongyu , Bian Wenzhong , Xin Yumeng , Ban Xinxin
Published: November 2023

The host material is crucial for significantly enhancing the performance of solution-processed OLEDs.
Power system risk assessment strategy based on weighted comprehensive allocation and improved BP neural network
Authors: Xiao Peng , Jiang Yixin , Liang Zhihong , Wang Hailin , Zhang Yunan
Published: November 2023

During the operation and maintenance of the power system, power outages and supply‐demand imbalances can disrupt the normal power supply process. This issue must be mitigated or even resolved through the implementation of an appropriate power system risk warning. The article proposes a self‐assessment and early warning strategy for power system hazards based on an enhanced ant colony optimization algorithm (IACO) and a BP neural network. First, a combination of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Entropy Weighting Method (EWM) is used to assign weights comprehensively to indicators that have a significant impact on the stability and safety of power system operation, thereby avoiding the negative impact of subjective experience or objective factors on the weight allocation results. Secondly, multiple regression analysis is used to calculate the risk assessment results of the selected indicators and weights corresponding to the power system. Training and testing samples for the BP neural network were calculated based on the weight allocation procedure described previously. Then, IACO is employed to global optimize the weights and thresholds of the BP neural network, and an enhanced BP neural network model for independent power system risk assessment is developed. The designed risk assessment and warning strategy was finally evaluated. The results indicate that the proposed power system risk assessment and early warning method can precisely predict the actual operating status of the power system based on weight values, thereby enhancing power supply quality by providing technical personnel with a data reference.
What is the super-sample covariance? A fresh perspective for second-order shear statistics
Authors: Linke Laila , Burger Pierre A. , Heydenreich Sven , Porth Lucas , Schneider Peter
Published: November 2023

Cosmological analyses of second-order weak lensing statistics require precise and accurate covariance estimates. These covariances are impacted by two sometimes neglected terms: a negative contribution to the Gaussian covariance due to a finite survey area, and the super-sample covariance (SSC), which for the power spectrum contains the impact of Fourier modes larger than the survey window. We show here that these two effects are connected and can be seen as correction terms to the ‘large-field-approximation’, the asymptotic case of an infinitely large survey area. We describe the two terms collectively as “finite-field terms”. We derive the covariance of second-order shear statistics from first principles. For this, we use an estimator in real space without relying on an estimator for the power spectrum. The resulting covariance does not scale inversely with the survey area, as might naively be assumed. This scaling is only correct under the large-field approximation when the contribution of the finite-field terms tends to zero. Furthermore, all parts of the covariance, not only the SSC, depend on the power spectrum and trispectrum at all modes, including those larger than the survey. We also show that it is generally impossible to transform an estimate of the power spectrum covariance into the covariance of a real-space statistic. Such a transformation is only possible in the asymptotic case of the large-field approximation. Additionally, we find that the total covariance of a real-space statistic can be calculated using correlation function estimates on spatial scales smaller than the survey window. Consequently, estimating covariances of real-space statistics, in principle, does not require information on spatial scales larger than the survey area. We demonstrate that this covariance estimation method is equivalent to the standard sample covariance method.
The GAPS programme at TNG
Authors: Mantovan G. , Malavolta L. , Desidera S. , Zingales T. , Borsato L. , Piotto G. , Maggio A. , Locci D. , Polychroni D. , Turrini D. , Baratella M. , Biazzo K. , Nardiello D. , Stassun K. , Nascimbeni V. , Benatti S. , Anna John A. , Watkins C. , Bieryla A. , Lissauer J. J. , Twicken J. D. , Lanza A. F. , Winn J. N. , Messina S. , Montalto M. , Sozzetti A. , Boffin H. , Cheryasov D. , Strakhov I. , Murgas F. , D’Arpa M. , Barkaoui K. , Benni P. , Bignamini A. , Bonomo A. S. , Borsa F. , Cabona L. , Cameron A. C. , Claudi R. , Cochran W. , Collins K. A. , Damasso M. , Dong J. , Endl M. , Fukui A. , Fűrész G. , Gandolfi D. , Ghedina A. , Jenkins J. , Kabáth P. , Latham D. W. , Lorenzi V. , Luque R. , Maldonado J. , McLeod K. , Molinaro M. , Narita N. , Nowak G. , Orell-Miquel J. , Pallé E. , Parviainen H. , Pedani M. , Quinn S. N. , Relles H. , Rowden P. , Scandariato G. , Schwarz R. , Seager S. , Shporer A. , Vanderburg A. , Wilson T. G.
Published: November 2023

Context. Short-period giant planets (P≲ 10 days,Mp>0.1MJ) are frequently found to be solitary compared to other classes of exo-planets. Small inner companions to giant planets withP≲ 15 days are known only in five compact systems: WASP-47, Kepler-730, WASP-132, TOI-1130, and TOI-2000. Here, we report the confirmation of TOI-5398, the youngest known compact multi-planet system composed of a hot sub-Neptune (TOI-5398 c,Pc= 4.77271 days) orbiting interior to a short-period Saturn (TOI-5398 b,Pb= 10.590547 days) planet, both transiting around a 650 ± 150 Myr G-type star.

Aims. As part of the Global Architecture of Planetary Systems (GAPS) Young Object project, we confirmed and characterised this compact system, measuring the radius and mass of both planets, thus constraining their bulk composition.

Methods. Using multi-dimensional Gaussian processes, we simultaneously modelled stellar activity and planetary signals from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) Sector 48 light curve and our High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS-N) radial velocity (RV) time series. We confirmed the planetary nature of both planets, TOI-5398 b and TOI-5398 c, and obtained a precise estimation of their stellar parameters.

Results. Through the use of astrometric, photometric, and spectroscopic observations, our findings indicate that TOI-5398 is a young, active G dwarf star (650 ± 150 Myr) with a rotational period ofProt= 7.34 days. The transit photometry and RV measurements enabled us to measure both the radius and mass of planets b,Rb= 10.30 ± 0.40R⊕,Mb= 58.7 ± 5.7M⊕, and c,Rc= 3.52 ± 0.19R⊕,Mc= 11.8 ± 4.8M⊕. TESS observed TOI-5398 during sector 48 and no further observations are planned in the current Extended Mission, making our ground-based light curves crucial for improvement of the ephemeris. With a transmission spectroscopy metric (TSM) value of around 300, TOI-5398 b is the most amenable warm giant (10 <P< 100 days) for JWST atmospheric characterisation.
The CO-to-H2 conversion factor of molecular outflows
Authors: Pereira-Santaella M. , González-Alfonso E. , García-Bernete I. , García-Burillo S. , Rigopoulou D.
Published: November 2023

We analyze JWST/NIRSpec observations of the CO rovibrational υ = 1−0 band at ~4.67 µm around the dust-embedded southern active galactic nucleus (AGN) of NGC 3256 (d = 40 Mpc; LIR = 1011.6 L⊙). We classify the CO υ = 1−0 spectra into three categories based on the behavior of P- and R-branches of the band: (a) both branches in absorption toward the nucleus; (b) P-R asymmetry (P-branch in emission and R-branch in absorption) along the disk of the galaxy; and (c) both branches in emission in the outflow region above and below the disk. In this paper, we focus on the outflow. The CO υ = 1−0 emission can be explained by the vibrational excitation of CO in the molecular outflow by the bright mid-IR ~4.7 µm continuum from the AGN up to r ~ 250 pc. We model the ratios between the P(J+2) and R(J) transitions of the band to derive the physical properties (column density, kinetic temperature, and CO-to-H2 conversion factor, αCO) of the outflowing gas. We find that the 12CO υ = 1−0 emission is optically thick for J < 4, while the 13CO υ = 1−0 emission remains optically thin. From the P(2)/R(0) ratio, we identify a temperature gradient in the outflow from >40 K in the central 100 pc to <15 K at 250 pc, sampling the cooling of the molecular gas in the outflow. We used three methods to derive αCO in eight 100 pc (0″.5) apertures in the outflow by fitting the P( J+2)/R( J) ratios with nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) models. We obtain low median αCO factors (0.40 - 0.61) × 3.2×10-4/[CO/H2] M⊙ (K km s-1 pc2)-1 in the outflow regions. This implies that outflow rates and energetics might be overestimated if a 1.3−2 times larger ultraluminous infrared galaxy (ULIRG) like αCO is assumed. The reduced αCO can be explained if the outflowing molecular clouds are not virialized. We also report the first extragalactic detection of a broad (σ = 0.0091 µm) spectral feature at 4.645 µm associated with aliphatic deuterium on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Dn-PAHs).
Exploring the hypothesis of an inverted Z gradient inside Jupiter
Authors: Howard S. , Guillot T. , Markham S. , Helled R. , Müller S. , Stevenson D. J. , Lunine J. I. , Miguel Y. , Nettelmann N.
Published: November 2023

Context. Reconciling models of Jupiter’s interior with measurements of the atmospheric composition still poses a significant challenge. Interior models favour a subsolar or solar abundance of heavy elements, Z, whereas atmospheric measurements suggest a supersolar abundance. One potential solution may be to account for the presence of an inverted Z gradient, namely, an inward decrease of Z, which implies a higher heavy-element abundance in the atmosphere than in the outer envelope.

Aims. We investigate two scenarios in which the inverted Z gradient is either located at levels where helium rain occurs (∼Mbar) or at higher levels (∼kbar) where a radiative region could exist. Here, we aim to assess the plausibility of these scenarios.

Methods. We calculated interior and evolution models of Jupiter with such an inverted Z gradient and we set constraints on its stability and formation.

Results. We find that an inverted Z gradient at the location of helium rain is not feasible, as it would require a late accretion and would involve too much material. We find interior models with an inverted Z gradient at upper levels due to a radiative zone preventing downward mixing, could satisfy the current gravitational field of the planet. However, our evolution models suggest that this second scenario cannot be validated.

Conclusions. We find that an inverted Z gradient in Jupiter could indeed be stable, however, its presence either at the Mbar or kbar levels is rather unlikely.
A Machine Learning-Based Virtual Screening for Natural Compounds Potential on Inhibiting Acetylcholinesterase in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Nur Azizah Ulfah , Dwi Suyanti Eri , Rezki Rasyak Muhammad , Asih Purwestri Yekti , Hidayati Lisna
Published: November 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease caused by neural cell death, characterized by the overexpression of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and extracellular deposition of amyloid plaques. Currently, most of the FDA-approved AChE-targeting drugs can only relieve AD symptoms. There is no proven treatment capable to stop AD progression. Many natural products are isolated from several sources and analyzed through preclinical and clinical trials for their neuroprotective effects in preventing and treating AD. Therefore, this study aims to explore and determine potential candidates from natural bioactive compounds and their derivatives for AD treatment targeting AChE. In this study, feature extraction was carried out on 1730 compounds from six plants resulting from literature studies with limitations on international journals with a minimum publication year of 2018 and database searches, then classified using machine learning algorithms: Random Forest (RF), Logistic Regression (LR), and Support Vector Machine (SVM). Hit compounds predicted to be active and inactive in the selected model were then processed through ensemble modelling. From 1730 compounds, there are 986 predicted active compounds and 370 predicted inactive compounds in the LR and RF ensemble modelling. Quercetin, Kaempferol, Luteolin, Limonene, γ-Terpinene, Nerolidol, and Linalool predicted active found overlapping in two to three plants in both LR and RF models.
Factors affecting customers’ decisions to purchase medicines in Ho Chi Minh City: A quantitative study
Authors: Le Thi Quy Thao , Huynh The Vinh , Kristina Susi Ari , Huynh Thao Vy Nguyen
Published: November 2023

Understanding customer behavior and the factors influencing decisions to purchase medicines is crucial for businesses. This study aimed to examine the factors influencing customers’ decisions to purchase medicines in Ho Chi Minh City (HCM). This quantitative study used a self-administered questionnaire. A convenience quota sample of 599 participants was recruited online and offline, and data were collected from July to October 2022. The questionnaire included 8 items on personal characteristics, 6 on customers’ medicine use characteristics, 13 on factors determining where to buy medicine, and 17 on factors influencing customers’ decision to buy medicine. A two-step cluster analysis method was used to identify three distinct customer clusters based on common characteristics. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05, with a 95% confidence interval. Of the 632 distributed questionnaires, 599 were returned and analyzed, resulting in a response rate of 94.78%. When making decisions about purchasing medicines, customers expressed the highest level of concern regarding the therapeutic effects of medicines (mean = 4.40 ± 0.77) and the least interest in advertisements (mean = 3.29 ± 1.19). Offering a wide range of products from different brands provides customers with more choices, which attracts them to drugstores. It is recommended that companies minimize their efforts to advertise medicines in Vietnam.
Flatness of Networks of Synaptically Coupled Excitatory-Inhibitory Neural Modules
Authors: Nicolau F. , Mounier H.
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we consider networks of N synaptically coupled excitatory-inhibitory neural modules, with N arbitrary. It has been argued that the connection strengths may slowly vary with respect to time and that they can actually be considered as inputs of the network. The problem that we are studying is which connection strengths should be modified (in other words, which connection strengths should be considered as inputs) in order to achieve flatness for the resulting control system. Flatness of the control network depends on the number of inputs and we show that if enough connection strengths (at least N) can be considered as inputs, then the control network is flat without structural conditions. If the number of inputs is smaller than N. then flatness imposes particular configurations of the interactions between the subnetworks. Our main contribution is to identify, analyze and characterize several flat configurations in the latter case.
Convergent autoencoder approximation of low bending and low distortion manifold embeddings
Authors: Braunsmann Juliane , Rajković Marko , Rumpf Martin , Wirth Benedikt
Published: November 2023

Autoencoders are widely used in machine learning for dimension reduction of high-dimensional data. The encoder embeds the input data manifold into a lower-dimensional latent space, while the decoder represents the inverse map, providing a parametrization of the data manifold by the manifold in latent space. We propose and analyze a novel regularization for learning the encoder component of an autoencoder: a loss functional that prefers isometric, extrinsically flat embeddings and allows to train the encoder on its own. To perform the training, it is assumed that the local Riemannian distance and the local Riemannian average can be evaluated for pairs of nearby points on the input manifold. The loss functional is computed via Monte Carlo integration. Our main theorem identifies a geometric loss functional of the embedding map as the Γ-limit of the sampling-dependent loss functionals. Numerical tests, using image data that encodes different explicitly given data manifolds, show that smooth manifold embeddings into latent space are obtained. Furthermore, due to the promotion of extrinsic flatness, interpolation between not too distant points on the manifold is well approximated by linear interpolation in latent space.
A relaxed localized trust-region reduced basis approach for optimization of multiscale problems
Authors: Keil Tim , Ohlberger Mario
Published: November 2023

In this contribution, we are concerned with parameter optimization problems that are constrained by multiscale PDE state equations. As an efficient numerical solution approach for such problems, we introduce and analyze a new relaxed and localized trust-region reduced basis method. Localization is obtained based on a Petrov–Galerkin localized orthogonal decomposition method and its recently introduced two-scale reduced basis approximation. We derive efficient localizable a posteriori error estimates for the optimality system, as well as for the two-scale reduced objective functional. While the relaxation of the outer trust-region optimization loop still allows for a rigorous convergence result, the resulting method converges much faster due to larger step sizes in the initial phase of the iterative algorithms. The resulting algorithm is parallelized in order to take advantage of the localization. Numerical experiments are given for a multiscale thermal block benchmark problem. The experiments demonstrate the efficiency of the approach, particularly for large scale problems, where methods based on traditional finite element approximation schemes are prohibitive or fail entirely.
Fortgeschrittenes malignes Melanom
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: November 2023

Checkpoint- und Proteinkinase-Blocker steigerten die Überlebensraten von Erkrankten mit fortgeschrittenem malignem Malignom auf über 50 %. Im Fokus stehen nun Kombinationstherapien, die sich wirksamer als Monotherapien erweisen. In der Studie MASTERKEY-265 erhielten Patienten den Checkpoint-Inhibitor Pembrolizumab plus Placebo oder T-Vec (Talimogen laherparepvec), ein abgeschwächtes onkolytisches Herpes-simplex-Virus Typ 1. Die Ergänzung von T-Vec verlängerte zwar numerisch die progressionsfreie Zeit, signifikante Überlebensvorteile ergaben sich aber nicht.
Seltene Ovarialkarzinome: Chancen nutzen
Authors: Klein Friederike
Published: November 2023

Seltene Ovarialkarzinome sind zusammengenommen gar nicht so selten. Die Diagnose erfolgt oft akzidentell. Die Therapiestrategien sind je nach Entität unterschiedlich und erfordern Interdisziplinarität, wie ein Fallbeispiel zeigt.
Elective carotid stenting fulfills quality standards defined in guidelines
Authors: Keil Fee , Stahn Simon , Reitz Sarah Christina , Lieschke Franziska , du Mesnil de Rochemont Richard , Hattingen Elke , Berkefeld Joachim
Published: November 2023

Purpose According to evidence from randomized trials and current guidelines, elective carotid artery stenting (CAS) is still considered second-line therapy compared with carotid endarterectomy (CEA). However, the publication of randomized comparative trials for patients with symptomatic stenoses occurred well over 10 years ago. In view of problems regarding German quality assurance when differentiating elective from emergency interventions and low case numbers for CAS indications, it seemed reasonable to present neurologically controlled CAS results and to investigate whether elective CAS consistently fulfills the strict quality criteria and what differences exist with respect to emergency CAS interventions in acute ischemic stroke.

Materials and Methods Between 01/2012 and 07/2022, 141 elective CAS procedures were performed to treat patients with symptomatic (n = 123) and asymptomatic (n = 18) stenoses. Protection by a filter system was achieved in 134 of these elective procedures (95 %). During the same period, 158 patients underwent carotid stenting for acute stroke. Complication rates were determined using neurologically controlled data. CAS-related complications (stent thrombosis, stent-associated vascular damage, thromboembolism, and symptomatic hemorrhage) were extracted from emergency interventions, and clinical outcome (NIHSS progression) was determined during the inpatient stay.

Results The rate of stroke and death determined during the inpatient stay for elective symptomatic patients was 0.8 %. Early treatment within the first 7 days after the index event, age > 70 years, and operator experience were not significant risk factors for the occurrence of complications. No complications were observed after CAS of asymptomatic stenoses. The procedure-related complication rate for emergency procedures was 7.8 %, which was significantly higher than after elective CAS, as expected (p < 0.006).

Conclusion Even with limited indications and limited case numbers, compliance with the strict quality criteria of the current S3 Guideline 2022 for elective CAS interventions is possible for both symptomatic and asymptomatic stenoses in an experienced center. Emergency CAS interventions have significantly higher complication rates under other conditions and must be considered separately with regard to quality assurance.

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Citation Format
Primärärztliche Versorgungsungleichheiten zu
Ungunsten der Bevölkerung sozial benachteiligter Stadtgebiete –
eine Fallanalyse am Beispiel der Stadt Essen
Authors: Schillen Philip , in der Schmitten Jürgen , Danielzik Katja , Hillal Ellen , Moebus Susanne , Dehnen Alessia
Published: November 2023

Ziel der Studie Als Großstadt inmitten eines Ballungsgebiets ist
die kreisfreie Stadt Essen geprägt von einer starken sozialen
Segregation und im Zuge dessen einem deutlichen Nord-Süd-Gefälle
des sozialen Status‘ der Bevölkerung. Die herkömmliche
Bewertung der primärärztlichen Versorgung seitens der
Kassenärztlichen Vereinigungen durch das Instrumentarium der
Bedarfsplanung lässt solche starken Gefälle innerhalb einer
Planungseinheit häufig unberücksichtigt. Die vorliegende Studie
hat zum Ziel, die Verteilung von Primärversorgungsstrukturen am Beispiel
von zwei großräumigen Stadtgebieten der Stadt Essen zu
analysieren und Perspektiven der Stärkung der Primärversorgung
in benachteiligten Stadtteilen aufzuzeigen. Methodik Zunächst
wurde auf Stadtteilebene eine Sekundärdatenanalyse durchgeführt
und anhand der Einschlusskriterien – 1. Lage des Stadtteils
nördlich der Autobahn A40 und 2. eine mittlere
Existenzsicherungsquote>17,20 Prozent (Durchschnittswert der Stadt
Essen) – das aus 19 Stadtteilen bestehende Untersuchungsgebiet Essen
Nord (258.790 Einwohner*innen) definiert und mit dem restlichen
Stadtgebiet (332.242 Einwohner*innen) bezüglich der Indikatoren
a) sozialer Status, und b) Versorgungsdichte der tätigen Haus- und
Kinderärzt*innen verglichen. Die Datengrundlagen der
ausgewählten Indikatoren finden sich in der Sozialberichterstattung der
Stadt Essen bzw. der „Online-Praxissuche“ der
Kassenärztlichen Vereinigung Nordrhein. Die dadurch entstandene
Datenbank (letzter Stand: 10/2021) wurde anschließend auf
Stadtteilebene ausgewertet und in der Folge die primärztliche
Versorgungssituation der beiden Stadtgebiete verglichen. Ergebnisse Die
Ergebnisse offenbaren eine deutlich geringere primärärztliche
Versorgungsdichte im sozial benachteiligten Untersuchungsgebiet Essen Nord, bei
Hausärzt*innen um etwa ¼, bei
Kinderärzt*innen um fast die Hälfte. Mit einer
höheren sozialen Benachteiligung geht ein schlechterer wohnortnaher
Zugang zur Primärversorgung einher, insbesondere für Kinder und
Jugendliche. Schlussfolgerung Der Status quo der Verteilung
primärärztlicher Versorgungsstrukturen birgt die Gefahr, zu
einer Manifestierung gesundheitlicher Ungleichheit beizutragen und die
Sicherstellung einer wohnortnahen, bedarfsorientierten Primärversorgung
zu gefährden. Die bestehende Planungssystematik ist nicht geeignet, die
drohende bzw. schon bestehende Unterversorgung der Bevölkerung in
benachteiligten Stadtteilen ausreichend zu adressieren.
Antibiotic prophylaxis and post-procedure infectious complications in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with peroral cholangioscopy
Authors: Gustafsson Arvid , Enochsson Lars , Tingstedt Bobby , Olsson Greger
Published: November 2023

Background and study aims Single-operator peroral cholangioscopy (SOC) has gained increasing attention in modern biliary and pancreatic therapy and diagnosis. This procedure has shown higher rates of infectious complications than conventional endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP); therefore, many guidelines recommend antibiotic prophylaxis (AP). However, whether AP administration decreases infectious or overall adverse events (AEs) has been little studied. We aimed to study whether AP affects post-procedure infectious or overall AEs in ERCP with SOC.

Patients and methods We collected data from the Swedish Registry for Gallstone Surgery and ERCP (GallRiks). Of the 124,921 extracted ERCP procedures performed between 2008 and 2021, 1,605 included SOC and represented the study population. Exclusion criteria were incomplete 30-day follow-up, ongoing antibiotic use, and procedures with unspecified indication. Type and dose of antibiotics were not reported. Post-procedure infectious complications and AEs at 30-day follow-up were the main outcomes.

Results AP was administered to 1,307 patients (81.4%). In this group, 3.4% of the patients had infectious complications compared with 3.7% in the non-AP group. The overall AE rates in the AP and non-AP groups were 14.6% and 15.2%, respectively. The incidence of cholangitis was 3.1% in the AP group and 3.4% in the non-AP group. Using multivariable analysis, both infectious complications (odds ratio [OR] 0.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.54–1.57) and AEs (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.65–1.16) remained unaffected by AP administration.

Conclusions No reduction in infectious complication rates and AEs was seen with AP administration for SOC. The continued need for AP in SOC remains uncertain.
Thin polymer window traps antiprotons for long-term storage
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: November 2023

The vacuum window is a key piece of an experiment that provides fundamental tests of the Standard Model of particle physics.
Growth of ablative Rayleigh-Taylor instability induced by time-varying heat-flux perturbation
Authors: Liu Yang , Zhang De-Hua , Xin Jing-Fei , Pu Yudong , Li Jun , Tao Tao , Sun Dejun , Yan Rui , Zheng Jian
Published: November 2023

The evolution of ablative Rayleigh–Taylor instability (ARTI) induced by single-mode stationary and time-varying perturbations in heat flux is studied numerically in two dimensions. Compared with the stationary case, time-varying heat-flux perturbation mitigates ARTI growth because of the enhanced thermal smoothing induced by the wave-like traveling heat flux. A resonance is found to form when the phase velocity of the heat-flux perturbation matches the average sound speed in the ablation region. In the resonant regime, the coherent density and temperature fluctuations enhance the electron thermal conduction in the ablation region and lead to larger ablation pressure and effective acceleration, which consequently yield higher linear growth rate and saturated bubble velocity. The enhanced effective acceleration offers increased implosion velocity but can also compromise the integrity of inertial confinement fusion shells by causing faster ARTI growth.
Possible ambient kinematics
Authors: Morand Kevin
Published: November 2023

In a seminal paper, Bacry and Lévy–Leblond classified kinematical algebras, a class of Lie algebras encoding the symmetries of spacetime. Homogeneous spacetimes (infinitesimally, Klein pairs) associated with these possible kinematics can be partitioned into four families—riemannian, lorentzian, galilean, and carrollian—based on the type of invariant metric structure they admit. In this work, we classify possible ambient kinematics—defined as extensions of kinematical algebras by a scalar ideal—as well as their associated Klein pairs. Kinematical Klein pairs arising as quotient space along the extra scalar ideal are said to admit a lift into the corresponding ambient Klein pair. While all non-galilean Klein pairs admit a unique—trivial and torsionfree—higher-dimensional lift, galilean Klein pairs are constructively shown to admit lifts into two distinct families of ambient Klein pairs. The first family includes the bargmann algebra as well as its curved/torsional avatars while the second family is novel and generically allows lifts into torsional ambient spaces. We further comment on the relation between these two families and the maximally symmetric family of leibnizian Klein pairs.
Supersonic turbulent boundary layer on a plate. I. Closure relations
Authors: Vigdorovich Igor
Published: November 2023

The turbulent boundary layer on a flat plate in a supersonic flow is considered. The study consists of several parts. In this first one, we prove that the turbulent shear stress and turbulent enthalpy flux can be represented as functions of dimensionless parameters that are expressed in terms of the distance from the wall and mean velocity and enthalpy gradients. The existence of such functional relationships is a consequence of the fact that the flow on the plate is completely determined by a finite set of constant quantities: the free-stream parameters, the wall enthalpy, and the parameters specifying the dependence of viscosity on temperature and the equation of state for a perfect gas. The asymptotic structure of the relationships between the mean quantities is derived from the properties possessed by the solutions of the Navier–Stokes and energy equations. The established functional relations are closure relations of a general form, which together with the boundary-layer and energy equations give a well-posed problem for the velocity and enthalpy fields. For various characteristic flow regions in the boundary layer, this problem will be solved in subsequent parts of the study. This will make it possible to develop a theory of compressible boundary layers based on first principles, without involving particular hypotheses and approximate turbulence models.
Thermodynamic analysis of absorption refrigeration systems with nanofluid for using in sport buildings
Authors: Zhang Xinjun , Wang Chanjuan , Fei Jiaming , Qi Fengjun , Fei Cheng , Morovati Reza , Su Zhanguo
Published: November 2023

In the present study, a novel refrigeration cycle that works based on the absorption refrigeration cycle and uses solar energy to supply energy to sports buildings is presented. For collecting the solar energy, a parabolic trough collector is used, and for enhancement of the heat transfer to the working fluid, synthesis-based nanofluid containing SiO2 nanoparticles are used. The investigation of the fluid flow inside the absorber tube shows that the convection heat transfer coefficient is increased as a result of increasing the volume fraction of the nanoparticles in the nanofluid. In addition, using the nanofluid in the heat exchanger inside the generator increases the heat transfer to the solution inside the generator and the coefficient of performance of the absorption cycle. The benefits of this research are the analytical investigation of the new combined absorption–ejection refrigeration cycle, which can provide a good understanding of the effect of different parameters on the system performance, and the investigation of using nanofluid in the absorber tube of a trough parabolic collector in solar systems.