bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gender Differences in the Relationship Between Sexual Activity and Dating Violence: The Role of Satisfaction, Jealousy, and Self-control
Authors: Powers Ráchael A. , Kaukinen Catherine E.
Published: December 2020

While research has shown that sexual intercourse within a relationship is positively associated with physical intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration, particularly among young adults, whether well-known correlates of IPV moderate this relationship and whether these effects are gendered is less known. We draw on data from the International Dating Violence Study (2001–2006; n = 5,502) to more thoroughly explore sexual activity in a relationship on the risk for dating violence perpetration among college students in heterosexual relationships. First, the relationship between sexual activity and physical IPV is examined. Second, this study examines the role of sexual satisfaction/disagreement on IPV among sexually active participants as a potential mechanism by which sexual activity impacts IPV. Third, this study examines whether jealousy and self-control, two well-known correlates of IPV, moderate the relationship between sexual activity and IPV. For all analyses, gendered effects were examined. We found that sexual activity was positively related to overall and severe (i.e., potentially injurious) IPV perpetration and the effects were comparable between men and women. Likewise, although there was gender symmetry in the main effects of jealousy, results demonstrate that the interaction between intimacy and jealousy was gendered. Conversely, self-control was related to IPV comparably for men and women but did not moderate the effects of intimacy. Sexual satisfaction was unrelated to IPV perpetration for men and women, but women who report disagreement over frequency of intercourse reported higher offending. The theoretical implications of the current study are discussed as well as avenues for prevention and intervention programming, including collaborative, campus-based approaches to both violence prevention, healthy relationships, and sexual decision-making.
Allyship, Antiracism and the Strength of Weak Ties: A Barber, a Professor and an Entrepreneur Walk Into a Room
Authors: Terry Paul E.
Published: December 2020

COVID-19 and Black Lives Matter are urgent challenges that are knocking on the health promotion profession’s door. The obvious tactic for those who aspire to be trusted allies is to answer. This editorial defines health promotion allyship as a continuous process where those who are part of in groups, such as white males, seek to build trust with, and provide visible advocacy for, out groups such as Black people. We will know we are effective allies only when we are recognized as such by out groups. The public health anti-racism movement started by Dr. Camara Phyllis Jones is summarized along with the introduction of a framework that can serve as a call to action for the health promotion profession. The exemplary allyship that occurred at an event later coined as The Lincoln Cottage Assembly is also described.
Quality Assurance in Lactation: Reliability of OM-6050 Station System to Test Mother’s Milk Osmolality
Authors: Macias-Muñoz Laura , Herranz Barbero Ana , Wijngaard Robin , Salvia-Roigés Mª. Dolors , Rico Naira
Published: December 2020

Background

Mother’s own milk does not provide enough nutrients to feed a preterm baby born before 32 weeks’ gestation; therefore, human milk fortifiers are needed. However, human milk fortifiers increase the osmolality, and enteral administration of high osmolality fluids has been associated with gastrointestinal symptoms. For this reason, it is necessary for laboratories to have a validated system in order to measure human milk osmolality.

Research aim

The aim of this study was to validate the OM-6050 Station System for measuring the osmolality of fortified mother’s milk samples.

Methods

Osmolality was measured using the osmometer OM-6050 Station System. Milk samples from healthy mothers ( N = 3) unfortified and with two fortifiers (Almirón Fortifier® or NAN FM85®), as well as a nutritional supplement (Duocal MCT®) were used in the validation study through precision and linearity analysis.

Results

In the precision study the mean intra-assay coefficient of variation was 1.2% and 1.7% for mother’s milk and fortified mother’s milk, respectively. The mean inter-assay coefficient of variation was ≤ 1% in both cases. In the linearity study the regression analysis had a linear response to fortified mother’s milk osmolality between 294 mOsm/kg and 539 mOsm/kg.

Conclusion

The osmometer OM-6050 Station was reliable for determining the osmolality of fortified and unfortified mother’s milk. It may be useful in the clinical practices within Neonatal Intensive Care Units.
Finding a Better Way Through Discovery, Theory, and Nursing’s Pact With Society
Authors: Morrow Mary R. , Landstrom Gay
Published: December 2020

This is a dialogue between two PhD nurses who have served as chief nursing officers; one is now in academia wondering about current scholarly endeavors in practice. Topics addressed include working relationships at the executive level, the chief nursing officer that is PhD prepared, theory in practice, scrambling to honor nursing’s pact with society during the COVID-19 pandemic, and some recommendations for academia.
The Epistemic Dignity of Knowledge Developed Through Nursing Practice
Authors: Reed Pamela G.
Published: December 2020

In this article, I revisit a philosophical idea from Intermodernism about generating knowledge through nursing practice and examine how this may enhance the epistemic dignity of knowledge. Epistemic dignity is an evaluation of knowledge (formalized in theories) as possessing quality and worth as scientific knowledge and as held in esteem by a disciplinary community and others. The philosophical turn toward the practice of science is discussed along with contemporary work on theoretical virtues as qualities of scientific theory. In addition, I suggest that what we may refer to as uniquely nursing knowledge is knowledge that is generated through nursing practice and ground in disciplinary perspective.
Investigation of infrared dim and small target detection algorithm based on the visual saliency feature
Authors: Li Shaoyi , Wang Xiaotian , Yang Xi , Zhang Kai , Niu Saisai
Published: December 2020

Infrared dim and small target detection has an important role in the infrared thermal imaging seeker, infrared search and tracking system, space-based infrared system and other applications. Inspired by human visual system (HVS), based on the fusion of significant features of targets, the present study proposes an infrared dim and small target detection algorithm for complex backgrounds. Firstly, in order to calculate the target saliency map, the proposed algorithm initially uses the difference of Gaussian (DoG) and the contourlet filters for the preprocessing and fusion, respectively. Then the multi-scale improved local contrast measure (ILCM) method is applied to obtain the interested target area, effectively suppress the background clutter and improve the target signal-to-clutter ratio. Secondly, the optical flow method is used to estimate motion regions in the saliency map, which matches with the interested target region to achieve the initial target screening. Finally, in order to reduce the false alarm rate, forward pipeline filtering and optical flow estimation information are applied to achieve the multi-frame target recognition and achieve continuous detection of dim and small targets in image sequences. Experimental results show that compared with the conventional Tophat (TOP-HAT) and ILCM algorithms, the proposed algorithm can achieve stable, continuous and adaptive target detection for multiple backgrounds. The area under curve (AUC) and the harmonic average measure F1 are used to measure the overall performance and optimal performance of the target detection effect. For sky, sea and ground backgrounds, the test results of proposed algorithm for most sequences are 1. It is concluded that the proposed algorithm significantly improves the detection effect.
Drug-induced subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus associated with abatacept
Authors: Figueredo Zamora Eliana , Callen Jeffrey P , Schadt Courtney R
Published: December 2020

Numerous drugs have been linked to the induction or exacerbation of systemic cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE). This report presents the third case of the biologic abatacept as an exacerbating medication for SCLE. A 73-year old woman with a remote history of subacute cutaneous lupus and rheumatoid arthritis, well controlled on hydroxychloroquine, presented with worsening annular erythematous, slightly scaly plaques on her forearms and hands. She had been started on abatacept a month prior. She was diagnosed with SCLE exacerbated by abatacept given the clinical findings, time course, and skin biopsy with interface dermatitis. Her skin eruption cleared completely several months later after discontinuing abatacept and switching to tociluzumab, while remaining on hydroxychloroquine. This case highlights the need to consider abatacept as a potential exacerbating medication for SCLE in any patient with a new photodistributed papulosquamous eruption.
Development of a nanoparticle-assisted PCR assay to distinguish canine coronaviruses I and II
Authors: Qin Tong , Wang Jing , Cui Shang-Jin
Published: December 2020

Nanoparticle-assisted PCR (nanoPCR) is a novel method for the simple, rapid, and specific detection of viruses. We developed a nanoPCR method to detect and differentiate canine coronavirus I (CCoV I) and II (CCoV II). Primer pairs were designed against the M gene conserved region of CCoV I and CCoV II, producing specific fragments of 239 bp (CCoV I) and 105 bp (CCoV II). We optimized the annealing temperature and primer concentrations for the CCoV nanoPCR assay and assessed its sensitivity and specificity. Under optimized nanoPCR reaction conditions, the detection limits were 6.47 × 101 copies/μL for CCoV I and 6.91 × 102 copies/μL for CCoV II. No fragments were amplified using other canine viruses as templates. The sensitivity of the nanoPCR assay was 100-fold higher than that of a conventional RT-PCR assay. Among 60 clinical samples collected from Beijing, China, the assay detected 12% positive for CCoV I and 48% positive for CCoV II. Our nanoPCR method is an effective method to rapidly detect CCoV I and CCoV II alone, or as a mixed infection, in dogs.
Facilitated Stories for Change: Digital Storytelling as a Tool for Engagement in Facilitated Discussion for Reduction of Diabetes-Related Health Disparities Among Rural Latino Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Carlson Lauren Mary , Ridgeway Jennifer L. , Asiedu Gladys B. , Wieland Mark L. , Sia Irene G. , Porraz Capetillo Graciela , Bernard Matthew E. , Hanza Marcelo M. , Njeru Jane W.
Published: December 2020

Introduction

Latino populations, particularly those living in rural areas, experience a disproportionately high prevalence and poorer outcomes of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The purpose of this study was to test the acceptability and perceived effectiveness of a group-based, facilitated digital storytelling intervention for T2DM self-management among rural Latino patients.

Method

Twenty Latino adults with T2DM participated in facilitated storytelling discussions at two primary clinics. Participants viewed a 12-minute T2DM self-management digital storytelling intervention, followed by a facilitated group discussion. Surveys, observations, and focus groups were used to assess for acceptability and perceived effectiveness of the intervention through descriptive and qualitative analysis, informed by narrative and social cognitive theory.

Results

All participants found the intervention interesting and useful and reported improvement in confidence, motivation, and behavioral intentions for T2DM self-management. Themes mapped closely with narrative theory models, further suggestive of the behavior change potential.

Discussion

Facilitated discussions may add value to viewing of digital stories and represent a scalable approach to provide culturally congruent health care for Latino patients with diabetes in rural settings. Within the paradigm of group-based diabetes educational programs, this lends itself well to critical transcultural nursing care.
Using Mindfulness to Promote Transformative Learning in Implicit Racial Bias Training
Authors: Owen Renee
Published: December 2020

Implicit bias classes have become a common practice with the aim of creating more inclusive work and learning environments. Such classes are aimed at helping individuals identify unconscious habits of mind and behaviors around race, which can be a disorienting experience. By seeing such classes through the lens of transformative learning theory, the instructor can help students through the disorienting experience with a transformative learning process. Transformative learning is a process of changing perspectives and habits of mind, ultimately resulting in changes in behavior. Recent research around the practice of mindfulness reveals a strong indication that a regular mindfulness practice can aid in helping individuals change habits of mind and behavior. The article provides brief examples of how teaching students about the neuroscience of bias, coupled with leading mindfulness techniques, enhances students’ grasp of concepts around bias to better embed the learning in multiple ways. Mindfulness becomes a tool for helping students develop awareness of their biases and for transforming inherited habits of mind into more positive and inclusive mind-sets.
Oral Superabsorbent Hydrogel (Plenity) for Weight Management
Authors: Pass Alexa , Bialonczyk Damian , Chiquette Elaine , Goldman Jennifer D.
Published: December 2020

Objective

To describe the mechanism, clinical trial data, adverse effects, and potential role in therapy of an oral superabsorbent hydrogel (OSH) for weight management.

Data Sources

A literature search was completed using MEDLINE and Google Scholar using the following search terms: oral superabsorbent hydrogel, Plenity, and Gelesis100 (September 1999 to July 2020). Abstracts and posters were identified from relevant scientific congress archives and published supplements.

Study Selection and Data Extraction

All available studies were considered. Only human studies were used for drug interaction, efficacy, and safety data.

Data Synthesis

OSH is a first-in-class, nonsystemic agent for weight management. It is indicated for use in patients with a body mass index (BMI) of 25 to 40 kg/m2 regardless of comorbidity status. OSH functions primarily through space occupancy in the stomach and small intestine. Studies have demonstrated that OSH has modest weight loss efficacy and a favorable safety profile, with no significant difference in overall adverse events compared with placebo.

Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice

OSH is one of the only prescription antiobesity therapeutics (AOTs) that can be utilized in overweight patients with BMI equal to 25 to 30 kg/m2, regardless of comorbidity status. Given its nonsystemic mechanism of action and safety profile, OSH may help shift the focus of weight management toward patients with a lower BMI.

Conclusions

OSH offers a nonsystemic approach to weight management for patients who are diagnosed with overweight or obesity. As an alternative option to current pharmacological AOTs, OSH may address an existing clinical gap in weight management.
Vision-related quality of life in patients with a history of congenital glaucoma
Authors: Miraftabi Arezoo , Coleman Anne L , Nilforushan Naveed , Parsamanesh Mohammad , Nguyen Andrew H , Karimi Nasser , Chibaksh Samira
Published: December 2020

Purpose:

To assess the vision-related quality of life in adult patients with a history of primary congenital glaucoma.

Methods:

In a cross-sectional hospital-based study eligible patients with a history of primary congenital glaucoma aged more than 18 were recruited in the study. Patients with secondary glaucoma and monocular patients were excluded. All patients underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination. The subjects were requested to answer a Persian approved version of the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI VFQ-25) questionnaire.

Results:

A total of 23 congenital glaucoma patients have enrolled in the study. The mean age was 29.22 (9.3 SD) and mean IOP was 13.82 (5.19 SD) and 15.69 (5.26 SD) in right and left eyes, respectively. The mean number of medications was 1.13 (1.25 SD) in the right and 1.30 (1.18 SD) in the left eyes. Among all scores of NEI-VFQ-25, the lowest score belonged to mental health 53.71 (29.72) and the highest score was color vision score 83.69 (20.79). We found a significant influence of visual field defect on many subscales including general health and general vision ( p = 0.007, R = +0.65) and ( p = 0.002, R = +0.71) respectively. The Mean Defect (MD) was associated with low social functioning and peripheral vision too ( p = 0.035, R = +0.53) and ( p = 0.001, R = +0.76) respectively. Age had a negative impact on the general vision subscale ( p = 0.003, R = −0.59).

Conclusion:

Our study showed that visual field defect was strongly associated with many subscales scores in (NEI VFQ-25) questionnaire.
Applicability of left distal radial artery access site in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; A comparative evaluation with the conventional transfemoral approach
Authors: Soydan Elton , Akın Mustafa
Published: December 2020

Background:

Left distal radial artery (LDRA) has got high popularity as an alternative safe access site in coronary angiography. However, little is known about its applicability in primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients. We aimed to assess the convenience of LDRA access in STEMI patients and make the comparative evaluation with the transfemoral (TF) route.

Materials and methods:

A total of 91 consecutive STEMI patients who underwent PPCI from January to June 2019, were analyzed. Experienced operators, unaware of the study were left free of access site decision. Comparative demographic features and clinical outcomes were recorded during hospitalization.

Results:

LDRA was used in 30 patients, whereas 61 patients underwent a TF approach. Successful PPCI was achieved in high rates in both groups (LDR: 90% vs TF: 91.8%: p = 0.795). On admission, KILLIP (II, III) class was higher in the LDRA group (23.3% vs 3.4%), whereas stent thrombosis, arhythmias were higher in the TF group (0% vs 6.6% p = 0.151; 6.7% vs 18% p = 0.355 respectively). Puncture time was relatively similar between groups (28.63 vs 28.93 s p = 0.767). Fluoroscopy time, total radiation exposure and hospital duration was found lower in the LDRA group (10.11 vs 13.75 min p < 0.001; 917.87 vs 1940.91 mGy p < 0.001; 4.2 vs 6.2 days p = 0.024 respectively). In-hospital mortality was found higher in the TF group (0% vs 18% p = 0.013).

Conclusion:

In the acute management of STEMI, LDRA access site can be a convenient alternative to TF approach with shorter hospital duration and complication rates.
Bent peripheral venous catheter inserted using ultrasound-guided dynamic needle tip positioning
Authors: Takeshita Jun , Tachibana Kazuya , Nakajima Yasufumi , Shime Nobuaki
Published: December 2020

Herein, we report the case of a 2-year-old boy in whom a bent peripheral venous catheter was inserted using ultrasound-guided dynamic needle tip positioning via a short-axis out-of-plane approach. The peripheral venous catheter appeared to be successfully inserted into the cephalic vein in the forearm using dynamic needle tip positioning via a short-axis out-of-plane approach. However, after removing the inner needle, no blood return was confirmed. The removed catheter was noted to be bent at approximately one-third of the catheter length from the tip. A large change in the puncture angle during dynamic needle tip positioning for a deeply located vein might have caused this bend. Deeply located veins are not targeted when a blind puncture technique is used, as they are not visible and palpable. They can be visualized by ultrasonography and can be targeted using DNTP; however, the catheter may bend. Clinicians should be aware of this issue and, therefore, they are suggested to ensure that the puncture angle is not too steep and use a long length catheter; in addition, very deep veins should not be targeted.
Expression of Interleukin 6 signaling receptors in carotid atherosclerosis
Authors: Ziegler Louise , Lundqvist Jasmin , Dreij Kristian , Wallén Håkan , de Faire Ulf , Paulsson-Berne Gabrielle , Hedin Ulf , Matic Ljubica , Gigante Bruna
Published: December 2020

Interleukin (IL) 6 contributes to atherosclerotic plaque development through IL6 membrane-bound (IL6R and gp130) and soluble (sIL6R and sgp130) receptors. We investigated IL6 receptor expression in carotid plaques and its correlation with circulating IL6 and soluble receptor levels. Plasma samples and carotid plaques were obtained from 78 patients in the Biobank of Karolinska Endarterectomies study. IL6, sIL6R, and sgp130 were measured in plasma and IL6, IL6R, sIL6R, GP130, and s GP130-RAPS (s GP130) gene expression assessed in carotid plaques. Correlations between plaque IL6 signaling gene expression and plasma levels were determined by Spearman’s correlation. Differences in plasma and gene expression levels between patients with ( n = 53) and without ( n = 25) a history of a cerebral event and statin-treated ( n = 65) and non-treated ( n = 11), were estimated by Kruskal–Wallis. IL6 and its receptors were all expressed in carotid plaques. There was a positive, borderline significant, moderate correlation between plasma IL6 and sIL6R and the respective gene expression levels (rho 0.23 and 0.22, both p = 0.05). IL6R expression was higher in patients with a history of a cerebrovascular event compared to those without ( p = 0.007). Statin-treated had higher IL6R, sIL6R, and s GP130 expression levels and plasma sIL6R compared to non-treated patients (all p < 0.05). In conclusion, all components of the IL6 signaling pathways are expressed in carotid artery plaques and IL6 and sIL6R plasma levels correlate moderately with IL6 and sIL6R. Our data suggest that IL6 signaling in the circulation might mirror the system activity in the plaque, thus adding novel perspectives to the role of IL6 signaling in atherosclerosis.
Influence of turbulence integral length scale on aerostatic coefficients of bridge sections
Authors: Pei Cheng , Ma Cunming , Wang Junxin , Chen Xin , Chen Fan
Published: December 2020

This study investigates the influence of turbulence on the aerostatic coefficients of typical bridges by obtaining force measurements via the simulation of turbulence in wind tunnels. The traditional simulation method for turbulence based on spires and grilles cannot be employed for the accurate simulation of the large integral scale of turbulence in an actual wind field. Thus, in this study, the turbulence integral length scale was effectively increased using an active control grid. The wind fields of different turbulence integral scales were generated by controlling the vibration frequency of the active control grid. The aerostatic coefficients of five typical bridge sections (single-box girder, twin-box girder, truss girder, edge girder, and edge-box girder) were measured under turbulent and uniform flow. The test results were compared and analyzed, which revealed that the drag coefficients increased in accordance with a decrease in the reduced turbulence integral length scale, and they were lower under turbulent flow than under uniform flow.
The friction and wear behaviors of self-lubricating composites with two types of warp-knitted fabric structures
Authors: Yu Mingming , Wang Sha , Ren Fang , Wu Ying , Ren Musu , Li Yingjun , Ma Pibo
Published: December 2020

Replacing the traditional self-lubricating fabric composites with new type of wear-resistant composite reinforced by warp-knitted fabrics PTFE-Nomex and PTFE-Nomex/Nomex (self-lubricating fiber: PTFE, reinforcing fiber: Nomex), in which the hybrid graphite/graphene particle modified phenolic is used as the adhesive resin. The influence of the fabric structure on the friction and wear properties of self-lubricating fabric composites was evaluated by the ball-on-disk and bearing friction tests. And the wear mechanism of the composites was investigated through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mechanical tests. The ball-on-disk friction test shows that the friction and wear properties of two kinds of composites with different structures are different with the increase of friction distance. In addition, the self-lubricating warp-knitted composite materials were prepared as self-lubricating joint bearing liners to evaluate the bearing application. It is proposed that the wear resistance of the two kinds of warp-knitted composites is poor, and the single layer is slightly better. It is related to the friction mode, mechanical and bonding properties of the bearing liners.
Efficacy of Chemotherapy Integrated With Traditional Korean Medicine in Patients With Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer: A Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Kim Eun Hye , Yoon Jee-Hyun , Yoon Sung Soo , Lee Jee Young , Yoon Seong Woo
Published: December 2020

Background:

This retrospective study investigated the efficacy and safety of chemotherapy (CTX) integrated with Traditional Korean Medicine (TKM) in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer, in a single Korean center.

Methods:

From January, 2014 to February, 2019, patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer who had received CTX were enrolled. Overall survival (OS), demographic characteristics, and adverse events were examined. Statistical analysis was utilized to evaluate the differences in characteristics and to compare the survival rates between the CTX group and CTX+TKM group. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to compare the differences in survival time. A Cox regression analysis was performed to determine the hazard ratio of the risk of mortality.

Results:

A total 37 participants were included and visited a TKM hospital 7.4 ± 8.3 months after being diagnosed with metastatic pancreatic cancer. The median age of the participants was 62 years; 26 patients (70.3%) had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status between 0 and 2, and 23 patients (62.2 %) had first-line CTX failure. The median OS of all patients was 3.8 months (95% CI, 3.1-4.6). The CTX + TKM group showed longer survival (4.1 months; 95% CI, 2.4- .8) than the CTX group (2.4 months, 95% CI 0.2-4.6) but this was not statistically significant ( P = .217). Chemotherapy with TKM treatment for more than 30 days (CTX + TKM ≥ 30) significantly prolonged median OS (9.1 months; 95% CI, 3.6-14.5; P = .025) compared to chemotherapy alone. Cox hazard ratio analysis revealed that CTX + TKM ≥ 30 and prior chemotherapy were significantly independent prognostic factors for OS. The main herbs in the TKM treatment were Rhus verniciflua Stokes and Astragalus. Severe adverse events with respect to TKM treatment were not reported.

Conclusions:

TKM treatment integrated with chemotherapy may prolong OS in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer compared to chemotherapy treatment alone. More rigorous prospective clinical trials are needed to confirm this result.
Developing, maintaining, and hosting Stata statistical software on GitHub
Authors: Haghish E. F.
Published: December 2020

The popularity of GitHub is growing, among not only software developers but also statisticians and data scientists. In this article, I discuss why social coding platforms such as GitHub are preferable for developing, documenting, maintaining, and collaborating on statistical software. Furthermore, I introduce the github command version 2.0 for Stata, which facilitates building, searching, installing, and managing statistical packages hosted on GitHub. I also provide a command for searching filenames in all Stata packages published on the Statistical Software Components Archive and GitHub to ensure unique filenames and package names, which is a common concern among Stata programmers. I make further suggestions to enhance the practice of developing and hosting statistical packages on GitHub as well as using them for data analysis.
A method for inspecting the cleanliness of spinneret holes
Authors: Zengbo Xu
Published: December 2020

At present, computer vision system is widely used for the cleanliness inspection for spinneret holes, but it has a high misjudgment rate for many holes with small dirt. In this paper, a method is proposed to improve the accuracy of the cleanliness inspection. The method has four sequential phases. First, the closed contour curve of a standard hole and its curvature are extracted. Based on double-threshold segmentation of the contour curve, line and arc segments are segmented to generate a closed piecewise curve model. Second, the model is fitted to the closed contour curve L1 of the hole to be inspected based on a nonlinear least squares principle, and the distance curve that represents the shortest distance between the closed piecewise curve L2 constructed from the aligned model and L1 is calculated based on the nearest neighbor search algorithm. Third, the dirt detection curve L3 is generated from the distance curve weighted by a blended weighting curve. Final, based on a global threshold combining with unevenness elimination of L3, the cleanliness index is calculated based on the segmentation and location of dirt, and is used to judge whether the hole is qualified or not. The experimental results of four databases demonstrate that, the proposed method provides better performance compared with the traditional method.
Trans-Generational Impacts of Paternal Irradiation in a Cricket: Damage, Life-History Features and Hormesis in F1 Offspring
Authors: Fuciarelli Tamara M. , Rollo C. David
Published: December 2020

Animals exposed to significant stress express multi-modal responses to buffer negative impacts. Trans-generational impacts have been mainly studied in maternal lines, with paternal lines having received less attention. Here, we assessed paternal generational effects using irradiated male crickets ( Acheta domesticus), and their F1 offspring (irradiated males mated to unirradiated females). Paternal transmission of radiation impacts emerged in multiple life history traits when compared to controls. Irradiated males and their F1 offspring expressed hormetic responses in survivorship and median longevity at mid-range doses. For F0 males, 7 Gy & 10 Gy doses extended F0 longevity by 39% and 34.2% respectively. F1 offspring of 7 Gy and 10 Gy sires had median lifespans 71.3% and 110.9% longer, respectively. Survivorship for both F0 7 Gy (p < 0.0001) and 10 Gy (p = 0.0055) males and F1 7 Gy and 10 Gy (p < 0.0001) offspring significantly surpassed that of controls. Irradiated F0 males and F1 offspring had significantly reduced growth rates. For F0 males, significant reductions were evident in 4Gy-12 Gy males and F1 offspring in 4 Gy (p < 0.0001), 7 Gy (p < 0.0001), and 10 Gy (p = 0.017). Our results indicate paternal effects; that irradiation directly impacted males but also mediated diverse alterations in the life history features (particularly longevity and survivorship) of F1 offspring.
The official discourse of social justice in citizenship education: A comparison between Japan and China
Authors: Chen Sicong
Published: December 2020

Against the contemporary background of international and national commitments to citizenship education for social justice, this paper examines and compares the subject, aim and extent of social justice in citizenship education behind official rhetorics in Japan and China. It develops a three-dimensional framework of social justice to analyse, through mixed methods of text analysis, a set of selected authoritative documents, including official policies, national curriculum guidelines and government-authorized textbooks. The results reveal discursive divergences and convergences between the Japanese and Chinese cases. Social justice in the Japanese discourse tends to be constructed as recognitive injustice eliminable through identical treatment towards one another by individuals. By contrast, social justice in the Chinese discourse tends to be constructed as distributive justice achievable through differential treatment by the party-state. Common to the two cases is that both pay scant attention to collective actions for and the global bearing of social justice. The paper argues that the two cases similarly stop short of promoting comprehensive, transformative and global social justice education.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase gene fusion frequencies in solid tumors
Authors: Forsythe Anna , Zhang Wei , Phillip Strauss Uwe , Fellous Marc , Korei Maesumeh , Keating Karen
Published: December 2020

Introduction:

The research objective was to systematically review evidence on neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase ( NTRK) gene fusion frequency in solid tumors.

Methods:

Using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted of studies published from January 1987 to 2 January 2020. Selected studies were appraised for use in meta-analysis, with frequency reported as a point estimate with confidence intervals, to estimate NTRK gene fusion tumor incidence and prevalence.

Results:

The SLR identified 222 studies from North America ( n = 122), Europe ( n = 33), Asia ( n = 41), Brazil ( n = 5), Australia ( n = 2), and multi-continental ( n = 19) reporting NTRK gene fusion frequencies across 101 histologies. Studies were prospective ( n = 43) and retrospective ( n = 179). Testing methods involved DNA ( n = 93), RNA ( n = 72), combined DNA/RNA ( n = 48), protein [immunohistochemistry (IHC), n = 5], and unreported ( n = 5). Sample sizes ranged from 1 to 66,871. Of the 222 studies, 107 were suitable for meta-analysis. Highest NTRK gene fusion frequencies were reported in rare cancers: infantile/congenital fibrosarcoma (90.56%, 95% CI 67.42–100.00), secretory breast cancer (92.87%, 95% CI 72.62–100.00), and congenital mesoblastic nephroma (21.52%, 95% CI 13.06–32.20). Lower frequencies were reported in non-small cell lung cancer (0.17%, 95% CI 0.09–0.25), colorectal adenocarcinoma (0.26%, 95% CI 0.15–0.36), cutaneous melanoma (0.31%, 95% CI 0.07–0.55), and non-secretory breast carcinoma (0.60%, 95% CI 0.00–1.50). Reported frequency was ~0% for some cancers: mesothelioma, renal cell carcinoma, prostate cancer, and bone sarcoma. Estimated global overall NTRK gene fusion tumour incidence and 5-year prevalence in 2018 was 0.52 and 1.52 per 100,000 persons, respectively.

Conclusion:

This research confirms the rarity and varying frequency of NTRK gene fusion across tumor types. Limitations included relatively low historic NTRK gene fusion testing and reporting, limited study samples for some cancers, and suboptimal molecular testing methods. In this rapidly developing area, gold-standard testing methods and companion diagnostics are needed to capture all NTRK gene fusions.
Peripartum cardiomyopathy and HELLP syndrome in a previously healthy multiparous woman: A case report
Authors: Quevedo Shany , Bekele Caroline , Thompson Patrice D , Philkhana Megan , Virani Sana , Consuegra Andrea , Douglass Paul , Gertz Alida M
Published: December 2020

Peripartum cardiomyopathy is a type of dilated cardiomyopathy in which the exact etiology is uncertain. HELLP syndrome is characterized by a constellation of different clinical and laboratory findings, including hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets. Few case reports exist detailing successful diagnosis and management of postpartum HELLP syndrome, peripartum cardiomyopathy, and multisystem organ failure in a previously healthy woman. We herein report the case of a 39-year-old multiparous female with mild gestational hypertension, who presented in the third trimester with vaginal bleeding and was subsequently suspected to have intrapartum placental abruption leading to immediate Cesarean section, complicated by massive postpartum hemorrhage, necessitating care in the intensive care unit. HELLP syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and acute kidney injury requiring hemodialysis subsequently developed along with respiratory failure and peripartum cardiomyopathy. After diagnosis and proper management, the patient made a full recovery. Peripartum cardiomyopathy should remain on the differential for women with heart failure symptoms.
Translating 2 John 12 and 3 John 14
Authors: Beasley C. M.
Published: December 2020

This paper explores the background of the phrase stoma pros stoma as it occurs in 2 John 12 and 3 John 14. If John drew from Num 12.8 and the “Prophet like Moses” theme in the Pentateuch when writing this phrase, then it may have not only rhetorical, but also theological significance in these letters. A translation of this phrase is offered that maintains John’s connection to the Septuagint and remains sensitive to the context of the letter closings.
The Vocabulary of Desolation: Intertextual Allusions in Daniel 9.25-27 and the Meaning of Ḥārûṣ
Authors: Scolnic Benjamin
Published: December 2020

The word wĕḥārûṣ in Dan 9.25 may mean something different from the usual rendering “moat.” A study of (1) the use of ḥārûṣ in the Hebrew Bible, (2) the fact that Dan 9.25-27 contains intertextual allusions to Isa 10.22-23 and 28.22, 27, where ḥārûṣ and neḥĕrāṣāh are found in prophecies of destruction, (3) the context of the verse that concludes with ûbĕṣôq hāʿittîm “and in a time of distress,” and (4) the surrounding passage that reinterprets Jeremiah’s prophecy of seventy years of exile as seventy “weeks” of years, which includes the postexilic era, may lead to a new understanding of wĕḥārûṣ in this verse.
Intrusive Voices: Translating Unexpected Changes of Speaker in the Bible
Authors: Voinov Vitaly
Published: December 2020

When a change of speaker in a Scripture text is not explicitly introduced by a speech orienter, Bible readers may feel the text is “intrusive.” This article proposes a taxonomy for categorizing such intrusive voices in various passages of Scripture. The intrusion may be external (due to scribal activity) or internal (as written by the original author). Internal intrusions can be further classified as citations or unmarked conversational turns. Textual signals that a change of speaker has occurred in the original texts include a change in deictic reference (primarily pronominal) and change in semantic content. The article lists orthographic and linguistic devices that translators have used in existing Scripture translations to clarify that a change of speaker has occurred, and also examines several passages where it is not fully clear whether an intrusive voice is present or not.
Who Moves to Music? Empathic Concern Predicts Spontaneous Movement Responses to Rhythm and Music
Authors: Zelechowska Agata , Gonzalez Sanchez Victor E. , Laeng Bruno , Vuoskoski Jonna K. , Jensenius Alexander Refsum
Published: December 2020

Moving to music is a universal human phenomenon, and previous studies have shown that people move to music even when they try to stand still. However, are there individual differences when it comes to how much people spontaneously respond to music with body movement? This article reports on a motion capture study in which 34 participants were asked to stand in a neutral position while listening to short excerpts of rhythmic stimuli and electronic dance music. We explore whether personality and empathy measures, as well as different aspects of music-related behaviour and preferences, can predict the amount of spontaneous movement of the participants. Individual differences were measured using a set of questionnaires: Big Five Inventory, Interpersonal Reactivity Index, and Barcelona Music Reward Questionnaire. Liking ratings for the stimuli were also collected. The regression analyses show that Empathic Concern is a significant predictor of the observed spontaneous movement. We also found a relationship between empathy and the participants’ self-reported tendency to move to music.
High volume distension injection (HVDI) for chronic mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy: A service evaluation of clinical outcomes
Authors: Edwards Samuel , Sivan Manoj
Published: December 2020

Purpose:

High Volume Distension Injection (HVDI) is a treatment adjunct in chronic mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy. This study analysed whether HVDI is safe and effective in an outpatient clinic setting.

Methods:

Retrospective service evaluation of 18 participants over 18 months. Ultrasound-guided saline, corticosteroid and bupivacaine was injected to disrupt vasculo-neural ingrowth, with post-procedure eccentric exercises. Mean follow-up was 8 weeks. Outcomes used were Numeric rating Scale (NRS) of pain, tendon thickness and Modified Ohberg score (MOS) of neovascularisation measured on Ultrasound and Doppler imaging.

Results:

Mean reduction in NRS was 5.30 ± 2.53 ( P < 0.001). Mean tendon thickness reduction was 0.21 ± 0.17 cm ( P < 0.001). Median MOS improved from 2.00 ± 2.00 to 1.00 ± 3.00 ( P = 0.009). No complications occurred. 11 participants had successful primary HVDI, 3 responded to a second injection. Two non-responders were referred for surgery and two referred for alternative therapy by patient preference.

Conclusion:

Significant reduction in pain, tendon thickness and neovascularity was observed in 78% of patients. Recurrence in 39%. HVDI with eccentric training is safe and effective intervention in outpatient clinic setting.
Caught in the Crossfire: Challenges to Migrant Protection in the Yemeni and Libyan Conflicts
Authors: Flanagan Danielle
Published: December 2020

In spite of the prevailing security dynamics in Yemen and Libya, both states continue to serve as areas of transit along some of the world’s largest mixed migration routes, leaving migrants caught in the crossfire of the two conflicts. This article examines the legal framework governing the protection of migrants in armed conflict under international humanitarian and human rights law. It also identifies two adverse incentives produced by the conflict situations that impede the exercise of these legal protections: (1) profits derived from migrant smuggling and trafficking, and (2) the use of migrants to support armed groups. In the absence of stable conditions in Yemen and Libya, individuals have little reason to respect international legal protections and discontinue migrant abuse connected with the lucrative businesses of smuggling and trafficking. The intractable nature of the two conflicts has also led to the strategic use of migrants as armed support, and more specifically as combatants, weapons transports, and human shields. Given these realities, the article outlines several recommendations to address the issue of migrant abuse in conflict. It recommends that states, particularly those neighboring Yemen and Libya, strengthen regular migration pathways to help reduce the number of migrants transiting through active conflict zones. It further advises that the international community increase the cost of noncompliance to international humanitarian law through the use of accountability mechanisms and through strategic measures, including grants of reciprocal respect to armed groups that observe protections accorded to migrants in conflict situations.
Reading outcomes in children with developmental language disorder: A person-centered approach
Authors: Erisman Marja C , Blom Elma
Published: December 2020

Background and aims

Many children with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) develop reading difficulties. The purpose of this study is to better understand variation in the reading outcomes of children with DLD using a person-centered approach.

Method

87 monolingual Dutch children diagnosed with DLD performed at ages 5 or 6 years nine tests of nonverbal IQ, oral language proficiency, phonological memory (PM) and executive functioning (EF). Two years later, the same children were tested on single (non-)word reading. Latent profile analyses were conducted to identify profiles based on oral language proficiency, phonological memory and executive functioning at age 5–6 years, which, in turn, were related to nonverbal IQ and to single-word reading two years later.

Results

Four profiles were identified and labelled relative to their position within the DLD-sample: 1. Weak performance overall, 2. Strong EF-average language and PM, 3. Mild working memory (WM) deficiencies-average language and PM, 4. Strong development overall. Profiles 1 and 3 had below average nonverbal IQ scores and were associated with low word reading outcomes two years later.

Conclusions

Within the group of children with DLD, children with relatively weak oral language, phonological memory and executive functioning, or children with working memory deficiencies are most at risk for developing reading difficulties. The findings support a multiple risk framework and confirm that a person-centered approach is promising in predicting reading outcomes in DLD. Implications: Research into individual differences in DLD is dominated by variable-centered approaches. This study illustrates how a person-centered approach, which views variables as properties of individuals, captures variation in the DLD-population. Using this bottom-up approach, the study highlights how an individual’s strengths and weaknesses across different developmental domains can be combined into profiles that relate to later reading outcomes. As such, it can provide an example for future DLD research.
Lens and Peripheral Retinal Relationships During Vitrectomy: Comparison of 23-, 25-, and 27-Gauge Vitrectomy and Curved Endolaser Probes
Authors: Duker Jacob S. , Venincasa Michael J. , Monsalve Pedro F. , Garcia Armando L. , Dubovy Sander R. , Smiddy William E. , Sridhar Jayanth
Published: December 2020

Purpose:

This work aims to compare spatial relationships between the crystalline lens and vitrectomy instruments of different gauges.

Methods:

Eight phakic eyes recovered from deceased donors were used after fixation. Valved trocars (27-gauge, 25-gauge, and 23-gauge) were sequentially placed in the superotemporal quadrant 4 mm posterior to the limbus in each eye. Intraocular relationships of vitrectomy and curved endolaser probes were measured for each gauge.

Results:

There were no significant differences in maneuverability between instruments of different gauges. The mean distance from instrument to lens at the geometric center of the globe was 5.5 mm. Vitrectomy probes of all gauges could access the peripheral retina on both sides of the sclerotomy in the 3 to 4 o’clock position adjacent to the sclerotomy without touching the lens. The instruments could be advanced without lens touch to contact the retina within at least 2 mm of the ora serrata 180° away from the insertion site.

Conclusions:

Vitrectomy and curved endolaser probes achieved similar maneuverability relative to the lens regardless of gauge. This study confirms that small-gauge vitrectomy instruments have a considerable range of safe access to the peripheral retina in phakic eyes from a single sclerotomy.