bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potential lasting impacts of industrial herbicides on ungulate nutrition
Authors: Werner Jeffery R. , Wood Lisa J. , Botten Nicole , Fredeen Art
Published: June 2022

Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH) are an effective, yet controversial, tool for reducing the survival and growth of deciduous vegetation in commercial tree plantations. While glyphosate residues can be stored in plants for over 10 years, the nutritional impacts of GBH for ungulate forage are unknown. Here we compare the energy and protein content of moose ( Alces alces) food plants in central British Columbia, Canada. Willow ( Salix bebbiana), dogwood ( Cornus sericea), and fireweed ( Chamaenerion angustifolium) samples were obtained from regenerating cut blocks 1, 3, 6, and 12 years after GBH treatment and from untreated controls with identical initiation dates. We predicted that surviving plants would exhibit reduced palatability, digestibility, and nutritional value compared to controls, and that these effects would last at least 1 year before dissipating. Contrary to predictions, concentrations of digestible protein were higher in treated blocks 1 year after herbicide application, but in subsequent years there were few significant differences in protein from treated versus untreated forage. Digestible energy concentrations were identical to controls 1 year after exposure, but significant reductions were observed after 12 years. Results indicate potential nonlinear, complex, and long-lasting effects of GBH on the constituents of understory plants with implications for ungulate forage quality.
Future scope and challenges for congestive heart failure: moving toward development of pharmacotherapy
Authors: Dhalla Naranjan S. , Bhullar Sukhwinder K. , Shah Anureet K.
Published: June 2022

Heart failure is invariably associated with cardiac hypertrophy and impaired cardiac performance. Although several drugs have been developed to delay the progression of heart failure, none of the existing interventions have shown beneficial effects in reducing morbidity and mortality. To determine specific targets for future drug development, we have discussed different mechanisms involving both cardiomyocytes and nonmyocyte extracellular matrix (ECM)) alterations for the transition of cardiac hypertrophy to heart failure as well as for the progression of heart failure. We have emphasized the role of oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, metabolic alterations, and Ca2+-handling defects in adverse cardiac remodeling and heart dysfunction in hypertrophied myocardium. Alterations in the regulatory process due to several protein kinases, as well as the participation of mitochondrial Ca2+ overload, activation of proteases and phospholipases, and changes in gene expression for subcellular remodeling have also been described for the occurrence of cardiac dysfunction. Association of cardiac arrhythmia with heart failure has been explained as a consequence of catecholamine oxidation products. Since these multifactorial defects in ECM and cardiomyocytes are evident in the failing heart, it is a challenge for experimental cardiologists to develop appropriate combination drug therapy for improving cardiac function in heart failure.
Calculating bandgaps of nonlinear mechanical metamaterials
Authors: Wang Guoli , Sun Shanwen , An Ning , Li Meie , Zhou Jinxiong
Published: June 2022

Bandgaps are intrinsic physical properties of periodic structures, for example, mechanical metamaterials or phononic crystals, which indicate attenuation of wave propagation within a specific frequency range. Bandgap calculation of mechanical metamaterials is realized via discretizing a representative voluame element (RVE) and imposing complex-valued Bloch wave boundary conditions. It is highly desirable to implement Bloch wave analysis in real-valued commercial finite element software. We present and detail an ABAQUS and Python implementation of Bloch wave analysis. Two-dimensional (2D) soft as well three-dimensional (3D) hard mechanical metamaterials are chosen as numerical examples. Material and geometric nonlinearities are tackled properly and the effects of pre-strains are explored. Our numerical results are validated either by similar results reported in the literature or by our experimental measurement. The presented numerical strategy would aid the design, analysis and utilization of mechanical metamaterials for dynamic applications. The codes and data of the paper could be downloaded from https://github.com/XJTU-Zhou-group/Calculating-band-gaps-of-nonlinear-mechanical-metamaterials .
Superconductivity in ternary hydrides at high pressure
Authors: Hou Dongxu , Meng Dezhong , Kang Jiajie , Zhang Zili , Zhao Changchun , Sun Ruijin , She Dingshun , Yue Wen
Published: June 2022

As one of the 25 physics challenges in this century, high-temperature superconductivity has been of concern for a long time. According to BCS theory, superconductivity is possible if three conditions are met, which are high-frequency phonons, strong electron–phonon coupling, and a high density of states. In theory, the metallic state of hydrogen and hydride under high pressure can satisfy the above conditions. Several binary hydride systems have been experimentally proved to be high-temperature superconductors (HTSs) at high pressure. Ternary hydrides can be regarded as the doping of binary hydrides, which have broad prospects. At present, in both experimental and theoretical research, ternary hydrides are the record holder for the highest superconducting critical temperature ([Formula: see text] which is 287 K in C–H–S system, and 473 K in Li–Mg–H system, respectively. This review will systematically describe the research status of superconductivity on ternary hydride at high pressure. Relevant theoretical research was classified according to different binary hydride doping systems. The experimental research was then introduced. In terms of experimental research, we focus on the latest research of C–S–H and La–Y–H HTSs, and overview the subsequent studies about high [Formula: see text] of C–S–H system.
Improvement of surface characteristics of mold steel using laser cladding and shock peening
Authors: Song Moo-Keun , Kim Jong-Do , Lee Mun-Yong
Published: June 2022

In the automobile industry, improving the properties of the mold improves productivity and reduces the defect rate of the product. In this study, a laser heat source was used to improve the properties of the mold. To improve the surface strength of the mold steel, laser cladding was applied to form a surface alloy layer. In addition, an experiment was performed to improve the tensile residual stress of the cladding layer by applying laser shock peening. A continuous wave high-power fiber laser was used for laser cladding, and a high-peak Nd:YAG pulsed laser system was used for laser peening. As a result, an alloy layer harder by more than 1.5 times than the base material was formed on the surface of the mold steel through laser cladding, and the tensile residual stress of the laser cladding layer with peening applied was improved by about 50%.
Quantitative study of the mechanical properties of micro-nanostructured 304 stainless steel
Authors: Duan Hongyan , Zhang Zhuolin , Sheng Jie , Liu Lin , Tian Hongwei , Pei Lei , Cao Mengjie
Published: June 2022

The austenitic stainless steel specimens with a micro-crystalline/nanocrystalline bimodal structure (micro-nanostructure) were produced by aluminothermic reaction casting method, and the tensile tests and in situ tensile tests were performed. It is found that the stress–strain curve displays the secondary yielding. The uniformly distributed mixed-grain microstructure of the micro-nanostructure is responsible for its strength and toughness. Based on the Hall–Petch relationship of a single-scale and considering the volume fraction of the micro-nanostructure, a mathematical model between the grain sizes and the yield strength is established. The model has a good accuracy when compared with the actual results.
On the origin of the transfer of modulation between microwave beams
Authors: Cacciari I. , Ranfagni A.
Published: June 2022

New results are obtained with a modified experimental setup, in order to reduce the residual detected signal when the unmodulated beam is strongly attenuated. In the light of these results, the transfer of modulation, from the modulated beam to the unmodulated one, can be attributed to a photon–photon scattering mechanism, operating in the crossing area of the two beams. Even the stochastic character of the process becomes more plausible.
The global transformation of geomorphology
Authors: Goudie Andrew S. , Burt Tim P. , Viles Heather A.
Published: June 2022

This chapter reviews the various developments in geomorphology in terms of institutions, journals, textbooks, research stations, etc. Among the institutions discussed are the Binghamton Geomorphology Symposium, the Geological Society of America Quaternary Geology and Geomorphology Division, the Association of American Geographers Geomorphology Specialty Group, the British Geomorphological Research Group, the IGU Commission on Measurements, Theory and Application in Geomorphology (COMTAG), the International Association of Geomorphologists, the European Geosciences Union (EGU), the American Geophysical Union (AGU), the International Quaternary Association, and the International Conference on Aeolian Research. Many countries established their own national bodies. A number of new journals appeared, including
Catena
,
Earth Surface Processes and Landforms
,
Géomorphologie
, and
Geomorphology
. In addition, during the closing decades of the twentieth century there was a proliferation of textbooks in geomorphology. One development was that geomorphological research was promoted by the establishment of research stations. These permitted long-term monitoring and provided bases for sustained investigations. The study of fluvial processes was much encouraged in the United States at USDA Forest Service research basins (known as ‘watersheds’ in the USA) such as the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (New Hampshire), Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory (North Carolina) and the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest (Oregon). The Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers) organized ambitious research projects in collaboration with host nations. Various US government departments supported much geomorphological research in various parts of the world. Some European countries fostered overseas geomorphological research and created missions. Notable was the work of ORSTOM (Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique Outre-mer) in former francophone colonies. In the post-war years, and as independence approached and then occurred, new universities were established in Africa. These employed expatriate geomorphologists and also trained up a new generation of indigenous scholars. The decades since the 1960s have been a period of space exploration and the development of remote sensing. This has had important implications for geomorphology. The period also saw the onset of the digital age and the beginning of the World Wide Web's influence on teaching and research. Applied research became increasingly important. A major cause for international and cross-disciplinary co-operation during the period was the emergence of geoarchaeology. Finally, since the 1950s, an increasing number of women have made important contributions to the discipline.
Who’s Controlling My Device? Multi-User Multi-Device-Aware Access Control System for Shared Smart Home Environment
Authors: Sikder Amit Kumar , Babun Leonardo , Celik Z. Berkay , Aksu Hidayet , McDaniel Patrick , Kirda Engin , Uluagac A. Selcuk
Published: June 2022

Multiple users have access to multiple devices in a smart home system – typically through a dedicated app installed on a mobile device. Traditional access control mechanisms consider one unique, trusted user that controls access to the devices. However, multi-user multi-device smart home settings pose fundamentally different challenges to traditional single-user systems. For instance, in a multi-user environment, users have conflicting, complex, and dynamically-changing demands on multiple devices that cannot be handled by traditional access control techniques. Moreover, smart devices from different platforms/vendors can share the same home environment, making existing access control obsolete for smart home systems. To address these challenges, in this paper, we introduce
Kratos+
, a novel multi-user and multi-device-aware access control mechanism that allows smart home users to flexibly specify their access control demands.
Kratos+
has four main components: user interaction module, backend server, policy manager, and policy execution module. Users can easily specify their desired access control settings using the interaction module that are translated into access control policies in the back-end server. The policy manager analyzes these policies, initiates automated negotiation between users to resolve conflicting demands, and generates final policies to enforce in smart home systems. We implemented
Kratos+
as a platform-independent solution and evaluated its performance on real smart home deployments featuring multi-user scenarios with a rich set of configurations (337 different policies including 231 demand conflicts and 69 restriction policies). These configurations also included five different threats associated with access control mechanisms. Our extensive evaluations show that
Kratos+
is very effective in resolving conflicting access control demands with minimal overhead. We also performed an extensive user study with 72 smart home users to better understand the user’s needs before designing the system and a usability study to evaluate the efficacy of
Kratos+
in a real-life smart home environment.
Positional Paper
Authors: Shkuro Yuri , Renard Benjamin , Singh Atul
Published: June 2022

Application telemetry refers to measurements taken from software systems to assess their performance, availability, correctness, efficiency, and other aspects useful to operators, as well as to troubleshoot them when they behave abnormally. Many modern observability platforms support dimensional models of telemetry signals where the measurements are accompanied by additional dimensions used to identify either the resources described by the telemetry or the business-specific attributes of the activities (e.g., a customer identifier). However, most of these platforms lack any semantic understanding of the data, by not capturing any metadata about telemetry, from simple aspects such as units of measure or data types (treating all dimensions as strings) to more complex concepts such as purpose policies. This limits the ability of the platforms to provide a rich user experience, especially when dealing with different telemetry assets, for example, linking an anomaly in a time series with the corresponding subset of logs or traces, which requires semantic understanding of the dimensions in the respective data sets.
Testing Lepton Flavor Universality with Pion, Kaon, Tau, and Beta Decays
Authors: Bryman Douglas , Cirigliano Vincenzo , Crivellin Andreas , Inguglia Gianluca
Published: June 2022

We present an overview of searches for violation of lepton flavor universality with a focus on low energy precision probes using π, K, τ, and nuclear beta decays. We review the current experimental results, summarize the theoretical status within the context of the Standard Model, and discuss future prospects (both experimental and theoretical). We review the implications of these measurements for physics beyond the Standard Model by performing a global model-independent fit to modified W couplings to leptons and four-fermion operators. We also discuss new physics in the context of simplified models and review Standard Model extensions with a focus on those that can explain a possible deviation from unitarity of the Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa quark mixing matrix.
Lessons from Acquired Natural Immunity and Clinical Trials to Inform Next-Generation Human Cytomegalovirus Vaccine Development
Authors: Hu Xintao , Wang Hsuan-Yuan , Otero Claire E. , Jenks Jennifer A. , Permar Sallie R.
Published: June 2022

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection, the most common cause of congenital disease globally, affecting an estimated 1 million newborns annually, can result in lifelong sequelae in infants, such as sensorineural hearing loss and brain damage. HCMV infection also leads to a significant disease burden in immunocompromised individuals. Hence, an effective HCMV vaccine is urgently needed to prevent infection and HCMV-associated diseases. Unfortunately, despite more than five decades of vaccine development, no successful HCMV vaccine is available. This review summarizes what we have learned from acquired natural immunity, including innate and adaptive immunity; the successes and failures of HCMV vaccine human clinical trials; the progress in related animal models; and the analysis of protective immune responses during natural infection and vaccination settings. Finally, we propose novel vaccine strategies that will harness the knowledge of protective immunity and employ new technology and vaccine concepts to inform next-generation HCMV vaccine development.
Use of Multielectrode Arrays and Statistical Analysis to Investigate the Pitting Probability of Copper. Part I: The Effect of Chloride
Authors: Matin Sina , Tahmasebi Arezoo , Momeni Mojtaba , Behazin Mehran , Davison Matt , Shoesmith David W. , Noël James J.
Published: June 2022

Under some conditions, copper and copper alloys are either immune from corrosion or undergo slow uniform corrosion, generally considered a favourable situation, since predicting the damage incurred by the metal during a period of uniform corrosion is relatively straightforward. However, under conditions leading to surface passivation of Cu, localized corrosion might occur in the presence of aggressive oxidants. Therefore, the susceptibility of Cu to localized corrosion must be considered carefully to avoid unpredictable failures in Cu-based structures. Understanding the pitting probability of Cu is important for various applications, including the use of Cu-coated containers for the permanent disposal of used nuclear fuel. In this study, the pitting probability of Cu in chloride-containing solutions crudely representing the groundwater that might be found in a deep geologic repository (DGR) was investigated using electrochemical techniques and statistical analysis. The probabilities of both pitting and repassivation of Cu were found to increase with increasing [Cl−]. The surface morphologies of copper electrodes in the same solution were also evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The passive film on the surface of the copper electrode with the highest breakdown potential (Eb) was found to be more protective than that on the electrode with the lowest Eb.
Selective Oxidation of a Medium-Mn Third Generation Advanced High Strength Steel during Austenitizing and Intercritical Annealing
Authors: Bhadhon K. M. H. , McDermid J. R.
Published: June 2022

The effect of the simulated continuous galvanizing line N2−5 vol% H2 process atmosphere oxygen partial pressure (pO2) on the external and internal selective oxidation of a prototype medium-Mn third generation (3G) advanced high strength steel was determined during a two-stage heat treatment cycle (i.e., austenitizing and intercritical annealing) which had previously yielded 3G properties. Thick external oxides (∼200 nm) were observed after the austenitizing heat treatment, regardless of the process atmosphere pO2 employed. An intermediate flash pickling step was successful in reducing the external oxide thickness significantly (to ∼30 nm) along with revealing some extruded metallic Fe nodules on the surface. The austenitizing heat treatment also resulted in a solute-depleted surface layer with a minimum thickness of 2 μm. This solute-depleted layer inhibited the formation of external oxides during intercritical annealing, resulting in a surface similar to that observed after flash pickling comprising a near-pure Fe surface with isolated, nodular external oxides. These surfaces are promising in terms of successful reactive wetting of this prototype medium-Mn steel during subsequent continuous hot-dip galvanizing.
Direct Recycle Palladium from Spent Automotive Catalyst to Carbon-Supported Palladium
Authors: Wei Jucai , Wang Luyang , Peng Tao , Huang Ye , Wu Xu
Published: June 2022

In this research, a simple and economical process based on hydrometallurgy is developed to directly recycle platinum group metals from spent automotive catalysts to synthesize carbon supported platinum-group metals catalysts. Spent automotive catalysts are firstly leached by HCl+H2O2system, resulting in Pd chloro-complexes. The optimized leaching rates of Pd and Rh are 97.99 ± 2.64% and 87.70 ± 1.23%, respectively. Then Pd precursor is separated from the leaching solution by precipitation, which can remove most impurities. The Pd precursor or Pd chloro-complexes solution can be used to synthesize carbon supported catalysts directly via an ethylene glycol reduction method. The samples are characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, EDS, and ICP-OES. 2–4 nm Pd/C are successfully synthesized using recycled Pd. The recycled Pd/C exhibits excellent long-term stability, with no activity loss in the homemadeSO32cdepolarized electrolyser after 150 h of 100 mA cm−2electrolysis. The electrochemical tests indicate that the recycled Pd/C samples are not inferior to Pd/C prepared from (NH4)2PdCl4reagent.
Neuronal G protein-gated K+ channels
Authors: Luo Haichang , Marron Fernandez de Velasco Ezequiel , Wickman Kevin
Published: June 2022

G protein-gated inwardly rectifying K+ (GIRK/Kir3) channels exert a critical inhibitory influence on neurons. Neuronal GIRK channels mediate the G protein-dependent, direct/postsynaptic inhibitory effect of many neurotransmitters including γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), serotonin, dopamine, adenosine, somatostatin, and enkephalin. In addition to their complex regulation by G proteins, neuronal GIRK channel activity is sensitive to phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), phosphorylation, regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins, intracellular Na+ and Ca2+, and cholesterol. The application of genetic and viral manipulations in rodent models, together with recent progress in the development of GIRK channel modulators, has increased our understanding of the physiological and behavioral impact of neuronal GIRK channels. Work in rodent models has also revealed that neuronal GIRK channel activity is modified, transiently or persistently, by various stimuli including exposure drugs of abuse, changes in neuronal activity patterns, and aversive experience. A growing body of preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that dysregulation of GIRK channel activity contributes to neurological diseases and disorders. The primary goals of this review are to highlight fundamental principles of neuronal GIRK channel biology, mechanisms of GIRK channel regulation and plasticity, the nascent landscape of GIRK channel pharmacology, and the potential relevance of GIRK channels to the pathophysiology and treatment of neurological diseases and disorders.
Neogenin pathway positively regulates fibronectin production by glomerular mesangial cells
Authors: Chaudhari Sarika , Yazdizadeh Shotorbani Parisa , Tao Yu , Kasetti Ramesh , Zode Gulab , Mathis Keisa W. , Ma Rong
Published: June 2022

Neogenin, a transmembrane receptor, was recently found in kidney cells and immune cells. However, the function of neogenin signaling in kidney is not clear. Mesangial cells (MCs) are a major source of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in glomerulus. In many kidney diseases, MCs are impaired and manifest myofibroblast phenotype. Overproduction of ECM by the injured MCs promotes renal injury and accelerates the progression of kidney diseases. The present study aimed to determine if neogenin receptor was expressed in MCs and if the receptor signaling regulated ECM protein production by MCs. We showed that neogenin was expressed in the glomerular MCs. Deletion of neogenin using CRISPR/Cas9 lentivirus system significantly reduced the abundance of fibronectin, an ECM protein. Netrin-1, a ligand for neogenin, also significantly decreased fibronectin production by MCs and decreased neogenin protein expression in MCs. Furthermore, treatment of human MCs with high glucose (HG, 25 mM) significantly increased the protein abundance of neogenin as early as 8 h. Consistently, neogenin expression in glomerulus significantly increased in the eNOS−/− db/db diabetic mice starting as early as the age of 8 wk and this increase sustained at least to the age of 24 wk. We further found that the HG-induced increase in neogenin abundance was blunted by antioxidant PEG-catalase and N-acetyl cysteine. Taken together, our results suggest a new mechanism of regulation of fibronectin production by MCs. This previously unrecognized neogenin-fibronectin pathway may contribute to glomerular injury responses during the course of diabetic nephropathy.
Bidirectional Effect of Repeated Exposure to Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Field (50 Hz) of 1 and 7 mT on Oxidative/Antioxidative Status in Rat’s Brain: The Prediction for the Vulnerability to Diseases
Authors: Klimek Angelika , Nowakowska Anna , Kletkiewicz Hanna , Wyszkowska Joanna , Maliszewska Justyna , Jankowska Milena , Peplowski Lukasz , Rogalska Justyna
Published: June 2022

Studies reported evidence for opposite effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (EMF): harmful, including the oxidative stress induction, and beneficial, such as the activation of antioxidant defense. People’s exposure to EMF is often repeated or prolonged, and it is important to consider the cumulative effect of such kind of exposure on the organism. If changes evoked by repeated exposure to EMF are permanent, responsiveness to other stress factors can be modified. The aims of our study were (1) to evaluate changes in the levels of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense markers in the prefrontal cortex of adult rats after repeated exposure to 1 and 7 mT EMF and (2) to assess whether repeated EMF exposure can modify oxidative/antioxidative status in response to other stress factors. Rats were exposed to EMF 1 h/day for 7 days, one, twice, or three times. After each exposure, 8-isoprostanes, protein carbonyl groups, and the total antioxidant capacity were assessed. Part of the animals, after EMF treatment, was exposed to another stress factor—open field. Results showed that repeated exposure changed the oxidative/antioxidative status depending on the intensity of the EMF and the number of exposures. 1 mT EMF created weak changes in the oxidative status in the brain; however, 7 mT EMF moved the balance to a clearly higher level. The changes in the oxidative status after 1 mT EMF were enough to reduce, and after 7 mT EMF to intensify oxidative processes in response to the next stress. We concluded that the organism might adapt to “weak” EMF, while “strong” EMF exceeds the adaptive capacity of the organism and sensitizes it to subsequent stress, and thus may modulate vulnerability to diseases. Our results also provide new insights into the possible therapeutic properties of the magnetic field, as 1 mT EMF appears to have a potentially protective impact on the brain.
Influence of Nanoclay Filler Material on the Tensile, Flexural, Impact, and Morphological Characteristics of Jute/E‐Glass Fiber‐Reinforced Polyester‐Based Hybrid Composites: Experimental, Modeling, and Optimization Study
Authors: Praveena B. A. , Santhosh N. , Archana D. P. , Buradi Abdulrajak , Raj E. Fantin Irudaya , Chanakyan C. , Elfasakhany Ashraf , Basheer Dadapeer
Published: June 2022

The use of natural fibers as reinforcement in polymer composite materials is increasing owing to the ecocompatibility. The fabrication of natural fiber‐based composite is now an emerging field of study, and it is the most desired choice not only because of its superior qualities such as light weight, stiffness, and low density but also because of being economical and renewable. However, the mechanical characteristics of these composites are a major concern and thus require some additives in the form of nanoclay, which can readily act as a filler material, thereby enhancing the tensile, flexural, and impact strengths of the natural fiber composites. In this regard, a hybrid polymer composite with jute and E‐glass fiber as reinforcements, along with Cloisite 20 nanoclay filler material, is fabricated by a hand layup process in a steel mold box and cut to the ASTM standards. The composition of the reinforcements is fixed based on the initial experimental studies and review of the literature findings. The wt.% of jute is fixed in the range of 10 wt.% to 20 wt.% with 5 wt.% interval for each composition, while the wt.% of E‐glass fiber varied from 10 wt.% to 30 wt.% with 10 wt.% interval and that of the Cloisite 20 nanoclay filler varied from 2 wt.% to 6 wt.%. The fabricated composite specimens with varying wt.% of reinforcements and nanofiller material are subjected to standard tests for evaluating their mechanical characteristics viz., the tensile, flexural, and impact strength and the morphological characteristics. The results of the experiments have revealed that combining natural and synthetic fibers in a composite increases the impact, tensile, and flexural strength of the material. That is, the composite specimens fabricated with 20 wt.% of jute fiber and 20 wt.% of E‐glass fiber and 2 wt.% of Cloisite 20 nanoclay have the maximum tensile strength of 69.7 MPa, tensile modulus of 3816.43 MPa, and impact strength of 178.62 J/m2 and flexural modulus of 275.15 MPa among all the specimens, while the composite specimen fabricated with 20 wt.% of jute fiber and 30 wt.% of E‐glass fiber and 4 wt.% of the filler material possesses the maximum flexural strength of 90.22 MPa. This is also ascertained from Taguchi’s optimization studies and statistical model (regression equations) developed.
The Role of Herbal Medicine in the Treatment of Acne Vulgaris: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials
Authors: Proença Ana Carolina , Luís Ângelo , Duarte Ana Paula
Published: June 2022

Over the past few decades, interest in medicinal plants and phytochemicals for the treatment of skin disorders, including acne vulgaris, has progressively increased. Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit, which mainly occurs in adolescents and young adults. The treatment focuses on the four main factors involved in its pathogenesis: increased sebum production, hyperkeratinization, overgrowth of Cutibacterium acnes, and inflammation. The treatment includes topical retinoids, benzoyl peroxide, antibiotics, and oral isotretinoin. In this regard, the use of herbal medicine as a complementary and alternative medicine is a promising strategy. The main objective of this study was to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of medicinal plants and phytochemicals in the treatment of acne vulgaris. Three scientific databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus) were searched from inception to January 2021. Clinical trials comparing herbal therapies with placebo or other medicines for the treatment of acne vulgaris were included and analyzed. Outcome measures of interest comprised acne lesions (inflammatory and noninflammatory), sebum production, acne severity, and quality of life. The risk of bias in the included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. A total of 34 clinical trials involving 1753 participants met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review. Most trials showed that herbal medicine significantly reduces inflammatory and noninflammatory acne lesions and has a relevant effect on acne severity. Some medicinal plants revealed equal or higher efficacy to standard treatments. No significant difference between groups in sebum production and quality of life was observed and no severe adverse events were reported. This systematic review provides evidence that medicinal plants and phytochemicals are promising treatments for mild to moderate acne vulgaris. However, more quality of evidence and standardized methodologies are needed to support their effectiveness and safety claims.
Intelligent Warehouse Robot Scheduling System Using a Modified Nondominated Sorting Algorithm
Authors: Ma Jia , Yang Shujun , Jing Hao
Published: June 2022

In intelligent warehouse, the problem of transporting goods in intelligent warehouse is becoming increasingly complex, and the traditional way of automatically guiding vehicles (AGVs) is inefficient, so automated robot systems are introduced into intelligent warehouses. In this paper, a task assignment model for robots is presented with the transportation problem of robots in intelligent warehouse as the research background. To solve the robot task assignment problem in intelligent warehouse, a novel Pareto‐based multiobjective optimization algorithm (MOEA) is proposed, and the aggregation function is invoked to replace the crowding distance; the brain storm operator is used for crossover and mutation. Finally, the ability of the algorithm to solve the benchmark test problem suite and real‐world problems is experimentally confirmed.
Study on Rheological Properties of Coal Rock Containing Gas under Disturbance Conditions
Authors: Zhang Guoyu , Huang Zikang , Zhu Tao , Wang Bo , Xing Xudong , Liu Yufei , Zheng Guanghui , Liu Kaiwen , Su Jimin
Published: June 2022

In view of the dynamic phenomenon that coal and rock are susceptible to external impact disturbance in the mining process, combined with the rheological hypothesis mechanism of coal and gas outburst, the RLSS-II-type triaxial loading creep test system of gas-containing coal and rock developed by ourselves is used to carry out the conventional triaxial rheological test of gas-containing coal and rock and the rheological disturbance effect test of gas-containing coal and rock under impact disturbance. The strength limit neighborhood of gas-containing coal and rock is determined, and the gas-containing coal and rock entering the strength limit neighborhood are subjected to different impact disturbances. The experimental results show that, (1) under the confining pressure of 0 MPa, 2.5 MPa, and 5 MPa, the longitudinal deformations of gas-bearing coal and rock are 32 mm, 27 mm, and 22 mm, respectively, indicating that the deformation of coal and rock will be affected by confining pressure, and with the increase of confining pressure, the deformation will decrease. (2) In the test, the deformation of coal and rock in the late stage of uniform creep stage can be regarded as a strain threshold. Before this threshold, the strain of coal and rock is not obvious, and the deformation is only 1.1 mm. After exceeding a threshold, the deformation of coal and rock is 9 mm, and the deformation increases significantly. Then, it enters the accelerated creep stage quickly and finally damages. The vicinity of this threshold is called the strength limit neighborhood of coal and rock containing gas. (3) The gas-bearing coal and rock without entering the strength limit neighborhood and entering the strength limit neighborhood are changed by confining pressure and different impact disturbance, respectively. It is found that, whether in the strength limit neighborhood or outside the strength limit neighborhood, the confining pressure has an effect on the strain, but the influence is not large. Under different impact disturbance, the deformation of coal and rock within and outside the strength limit neighborhood is 8 mm and 0.4 mm, respectively, and the deformation changes obviously, indicating that the impact disturbance has a great influence on the deformation of coal and rock within the strength limit neighborhood, and the coal and rock with large impact disturbance are destroyed before the coal and rock with small impact disturbance, indicating that the greater the impact disturbance, the shorter the time required for destruction.
HRNet Encoder and Dual-Branch Decoder Framework-Based Scene Text Recognition Model
Authors: Li Meiling , Li Xiumei , Sun Junmei , Dong Yujin
Published: June 2022

Scene text recognition (STR) is designed to automatically recognize the text content in natural scenes. Different from regular document text, text in natural scenes has the characteristics of irregular shapes, complex background, and distorted and blurred contents, which makes STR challenging. To solve the problems of STR for distorted, blurred, and low-resolution texts in natural scenes, this paper proposes a HRNet encoder and dual-branch decoder framework-based STR model. The model mainly consists of an encoder module and a dual-branch decoder module composed of a super-resolution branch and a recognition branch in parallel. In the encoder module, the HRNet is adopted to realize the cross-parallel aggregation representation with multiple resolutions during feature extraction and then outputs four kinds of feature maps with different resolutions. Moreover, the supervised attention module is used to strengthen the learning of the important feature information. In the decoder module, the dual-branch structure is adopted, in which the super-resolution branch takes the feature maps with the highest resolution obtained in the encoder module as input and restores images by upsampling through transposed convolution. The four kinds of feature maps with different resolutions are fused through independent transposed convolution layers for multiscale fusion in the recognition branch and then inputted into the attention-based decoder for text recognition. To improve the accuracy of text recognition, the feature extraction effect of the encoder module is together supervised by the super-resolution branch loss and the recognition branch loss. In addition, the super-resolution branch is only used for training and is abandoned during testing to reduce the complexity of the model. The proposed model is trained on Synth90K and SynthText datasets and tested on seven natural scene datasets. Compared with classical models such as ASTER, TextSR, and SCGAN, the recognition accuracy of the proposed model is improved and better recognition results can be achieved on irregular and blurred datasets such as IC15, SVTP, and CUTE80.
Lightweight Neural Networks-Based Safety Evaluation for Smart Construction Devices
Authors: Wang Guimei , Zhou Jianliang
Published: June 2022

Based on the theory of lightweight neural networks, this paper presents a safety evaluation model for smart construction devices. The model index system includes the internal logical relationship between the input and output indexes, and the input indexes are specifically refined. According to the safety evaluation results, the article observes what type of accidents will occur at the construction site. According to the detailed and specific output index system, the six input factor layer indicators correspond to the indicators of several multiple network index layers, respectively. In the simulation process, MATLAB software was used to write the multiple neural network model program for the safety evaluation of the construction site, and the appropriate multiple network structure and related parameters were selected. The experimental results show that the multiple neural networks are trained by collecting 10 expert evaluation samples, and the trained multiple neural networks are applied to real construction cases. Comparing the two sets of data, it can be seen that the gap is relatively small, and the sample training is better. The multiple neural networks have relatively good evaluation performance. The method has a fast calculation speed and effectively improves the efficiency and practical value of safety evaluation.
Psychological Mechanism and Exercise Intervention of College Students’ Problematic Internet Use Based on IoT Technology
Authors: Chen Zhiqiang , Sun Pu
Published: June 2022

Dangerous Internet use alludes to unreasonable utilization of the Internet that unfavorably influences individual emotional well-being, relational correspondence, social transformation, social turn of events, learning, and work. This paper aims to study how to analyze and study the psychological mechanism and exercise intervention of problematic Internet use based on the Internet of Things technology, and describe it. It addresses the question of problematic web usage, and this question is based on IoT technology. This paper then elaborates on the concept of data mining and related algorithms. It designs and analyzes the psychological mechanism and exercise intervention of college students’ problematic Internet use. The experimental results showed that in the incidence of Internet addiction, gender, grade, family economic environment, and single-parent family will be affected. Moderate-intensity (50%–80% VO2 max) aerobic and anaerobic exercise for more than 30 minutes per year has a positive effect on college students’ Internet addiction.
Cross Protectivity Analysis of 49.8 kDa Pili Subunits of S. flexneri against Vibrio cholerae Infection
Authors: Yuni Nur Hidayati Dwi , Rully Septha , Amalia Aisyah , Larissa Widyani Elsa , Indraswari Genitri , Prasetya Adrian , Soraya Merika , Winarsih Sri , Reto Prawiro Sumarno
Published: June 2022

Background. Although the AMV and AMS vaccine candidates have similar characteristics as hemagglutinin and adhesive molecules, there are differences in molecular weight. Objective. The research aims to determine the immunological cross-reaction between AMS and AMV. Method. Antihemagglutination test used the anti-adhesion molecular antibody AMS. Next, we examined the immune response that has to be linked with protectivity. The model of the research uses MLIL. The sample separated the mice into four groups, and each group had five mice. The first group was the negative control group. The second group was given AMV and infected with Shigella flexneri. The third group was immunized with AMV before being exposed to Shigella flexneri. The last group was infected with Vibrio cholerae. The immune response results were evaluated by calculating the weight of MLIL and counting the colony of bacteria. We also examined other AMS immune responses, namely, β-defensin and s-IgA levels. To get the data, we measured the number of Th17 immune effector cells, T-reg, and proinflammatory cytokine IL-17A. Data analysis was performed using ANOVA, independent t-test, Kruskal–Wallis, and Mann–Whitney tests. Results. An antihemagglutination cross immune response, intestinal weight, the number of bacterial colonies, and other findings were found to be significant (

p
<
0.05

) for the levels of β-defensin, s-IgA, Th17, T-reg, and IL-17A. Conclusion. The 49.8 kDa·MW protein subunit of the Shigella flexneri adhesion molecule could act as a candidate vaccine homologous for shigellosis and cholera in the future.
Synthesis and Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of Zinc Oxide‐Based Nanoparticles and Its Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Ragunathan R. , Velusamy Sampathkumar , Nallasamy Jothi Lakshmi , Shanmugamoorthy Manoj , Johney Jesteena , Veerasamy Senthilkumar , Gopalakrishnan Dineshkumar , Nithyanandham Muralimohan , Balamoorthy Dhivya , Velusamy Prabu
Published: June 2022

Nanotechnology is an emerging technology for the treatment of waste water. Nanoparticles have its own advantages as the higher surface area to volume ratio compared to the bulk material. In this study, zinc oxide‐based nanoparticles were synthesized. Synthesized nanoparticles are characterized by UV‐visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX). The antibacterial study was carried out using the synthesized nanoparticle. The photocatalytic degradation for methyl blue, methyl red, and Orange G is also done in this study using the synthesized nanoparticles. The shape and size of the nanoparticles obtained are rounding spherical with 80 to 110 nm. The optimum result obtained from the dye degradation study is 94% for methyl blue.
Innovation of Tin Oxide Ceramic Manufacturing Process Based on WSN and Remote Visualization Technology
Authors: Wu Junyan , Wang Zhihao
Published: June 2022

A wireless sensor network (WSN) collects information from small sensors, processes the information effectively through a built-in computing system, forms a dynamic network topology in a self-organizing method, and sends it to the base station through wireless communication. At the same time, the scale of data generated by high-performance scientific computing has rapidly increased from GB and TB to EB. The traditional scientific vision postprocessing model that initially saved the data and then performed the vision processing became a very time-consuming and troublesome process due to the limitation of disk I/O efficiency, which seriously affected the development of technology, and the accuracy was relatively low. The development of high-performance computer parallel processing technology has promoted parallel visualization, and the expansion of Internet bandwidth has accelerated remote visualization. SnO2, or tin oxide, is a kind of N-type semiconductor material with a rutile structure. The crystal structure is stable, the corrosion resistance is good, the melting point is high, the resistance after doping is low, and the sinterability is good. Materials that are sensitive to optics, electrodes, and gases have a wide range of uses. This paper proposes a new data fusion algorithm based on BP neural network and studies the key technologies for the design and implementation of a web-based multiuser remote interactive vision system. In this paper, the effects of ZnO, MnO2, Nb2O5, CuO, and Li2CO3 doping on the conductivity and bulk density of SnO2 semiconductor ceramics were studied by means of ceramic preparation method, using intelligent resistance meter, bulk density tester, X-ray diffractometer, and scanning electron microscope, thus promoting the innovation of tin oxide ceramic preparation process.
Inhibitory Effect of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus KSFY07 on Kappa-Carrageenan-Induced Thrombosis in Mice and the Regulation of Oxidative Damage
Authors: Wang Pan , Tan Fang , Mu Jianfei , Chen Hongjiang , Zhao Xin , Xu Yanan
Published: June 2022

A mouse thrombosis model was established by kappa-carrageenan to observe the inhibitory effect of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus KSFY07 (LDSB-KSFY07) on thrombosis and the oxidative stress response. Mouse serum, liver tissue-related indicators, and intestinal microbial composition were measured by examining the expression of microbes in mouse faeces using a biochemical kit, slice observations, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) experiments. The results showed that LDSB-KSFY07 effectively reduced the degree of black tail in thrombotic mice, increased activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and decreased thrombin time (TT), fibrinogen (FIB), and prothrombin time (PT) in thrombotic mice. LDSB-KSFY07 was also able to reduce malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and increase superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels in the serum and liver tissues of thrombotic mice. Pathological observations showed that LDSB-KSFY07 reduced liver tissue lesions and tail vein thrombosis. Further, experimental results showed that LDSB-KSFY07 was able to upregulate the mRNA expression of copper/zinc-SOD (Cu/Zn-SOD), manganese-SOD, and GSH-Px in the liver tissue of thrombotic mice. Moreover, LDSB-KSFY07 was also able to downregulate the mRNA expression of NF-κB p65, intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and E-selectin in tail vein vascular tissue. Meanwhile, LDSB-KSFY07 could raise plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) mRNA expression and reduce tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) expression in heart and tail vein vascular tissues of thrombotic mice. A mouse faeces examination revealed that LDSB-KSFY07 could also upregulate Bacteroides, Lactobacterium, and Bifidobacterium microbial expression and downregulate Firmicutes expression in the gut. These results indicate that LDSB-KSFY07 was able to inhibit mouse thrombosis and reduce liver oxidative stress damage in thrombus mice and show that high concentrations of LDSB-KSFY07 provided a better response similar to that of the drug heparin.