bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Searching for a link between the L-BMAA neurotoxin and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a study protocol of the French BMAALS programme
Authors: Delzor Aurélie , Couratier Philippe , Boumédiène Farid , Nicol Marie , Druet-Cabanac Michel , Paraf François , Méjean Annick , Ploux Olivier , Leleu Jean-Philippe , Brient Luc , Lengronne Marion , Pichon Valérie , Combès Audrey , El Abdellaoui Saïda , Bonneterre Vincent , Lagrange Emmeline , Besson Gérard , Bicout Dominique J , Boutonnat Jean , Camu William , Pageot Nicolas , Juntas-Morales Raul , Rigau Valérie , Masseret Estelle , Abadie Eric , Preux Pierre-Marie , Marin Benoît
Published: September 2014

Introduction

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common motor neurone disease. It occurs in two forms: (1) familial cases, for which several genes have been identified and (2) sporadic cases, for which various hypotheses have been formulated. Notably, the β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (L-BMAA) toxin has been postulated to be involved in the occurrence of sporadic ALS. The objective of the French BMAALS programme is to study the putative link between L-BMAA and ALS.

Methods and analysis

The programme covers the period from 1 January 2003 to 31 December 2011. Using multiple sources of ascertainment, all the incident ALS cases diagnosed during this period in the area under study (10 counties spread over three French regions) were collected. First, the standardised incidence ratio will be calculated for each municipality under concern. Then, by applying spatial clustering techniques, overincidence and underincidence zones of ALS will be sought. A case–control study, in the subpopulation living in the identified areas, will gather information about patients’ occupations, leisure activities and lifestyle habits in order to assess potential risk factors to which they are or have been exposed. Specimens of drinking water, food and biological material (brain tissue) will be examined to assess the presence of L-BMAA in the environment and tissues of ALS cases and controls.

Ethics and dissemination

The study has been reviewed and approved by the French ethical committee of the CPP SOOM IV (Comité de Protection des Personnes Sud-Ouest & Outre-Mer IV). The results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at national and international conferences.
Clinical and economic effects of selective radiological evaluation of high-energy trauma patients: a prospective experience of a level 1 busy trauma centre
Authors: Paydar Shahram , Ahmadi Armin , Dalfardi Behnam , Shakibafard Alireza , Abbasi Hamidreza , Bolandparvaz Shahram
Published: September 2014

Introduction

Cervical spine, thoracic and pelvic fractures are the main causes of devastation in patients who have suffered blunt trauma. Radiographic imaging plays an important role in diagnosing such injuries. Nevertheless, the present dominant approach, the routine use of X-ray studies, seems to have no cost-benefit justification for healthcare systems.

Methods

This prospective cross-sectional study was performed over a 3-month period. During the determined time frame, all haemodynamically stable, high-energy blunt trauma patients were included. Based on the predefined criteria, selective radiographic images of the neck, chest and pelvis were obtained. Patients were followed during their hospital stay and for a 2-week period after discharge.

Results

1002 cases were included in the final survey. 247/1002 (24.6%) cervical radiographic images, 500/1002 (49.9%) CXRs and 171/1002 (17%) pelvic radiographic images of the patients were taken on the first day of hospital admission. New X-ray images required during the patients’ hospital stay resulted in 5/1002 (0.4%) cervical, 4/1002 (0.3%) chest and 8/1002 (0.7%) pelvic radiographies. In the 2-week period after discharge, 4/1002 cases (0.3%) needed to repeat neck radiography. Overall, 697.44 mSv X-ray radiation was potentially prevented and US$426 450 were potentially saved.

Conclusions

Selective radiographic imaging of the neck, chest and pelvis together with a precise history-taking and physical examination in cases of high-energy blunt trauma could eliminate unnecessary costs to patients and healthcare systems, and significantly save resources.
Adjunctive techniques for optimization of ocular hemodynamics in children undergoing ophthalmic artery infusion chemotherapy
Authors: Abruzzo Todd A , Geller James I , Kimbrough Dale A , Michaels Samantha , Corrêa Zélia M , Cornell Kevin , Augsburger James J
Published: September 2014

Purpose

To develop a reproducible technique for selective ophthalmic artery infusion chemotherapy (SOAIC) that is technically efficacious in children with unfavorable patterns of ophthalmic artery (OA) flow.

Materials and methods

Initially, all SOAIC was performed with intention to treat using a standard selective OA (microcatheter) infusion technique (sSOAIC). Temporary balloon occlusion (TBO) of the external carotid artery (ECA), a balloon-assisted SOAIC (bSOAIC) technique, was performed only if OA angiography did not show robust and sustained anterograde OA flow. In our more recent experience, all SOAIC was performed with intention to treat by bSOAIC. Verapamil infusion into the OA and internal carotid artery was performed in selected cases. Technical success was defined as delivery of chemotherapeutic agent(s) into the OA with robust and sustained anterograde perfusion. sSOAIC was considered to have failed if converted to bSOAIC.

Results

19 eyes were treated in 17 patients (age 5 months to 16 years) between December 2008 and May 2013. Eighty-three procedures were undertaken and the OA was successfully catheterized in all. Technical success was achieved in 35/41 (85%) sSOAIC cases and 42/42 (100%) bSOAIC cases. TBO of the ECA augmented anterograde OA flow and converted all cases of retrograde OA flow to anterograde. Verapamil further augmented anterograde ocular perfusion during SOAIC. There were no access site complications, strokes, or deaths.

Conclusions

TBO of the ECA is a safe, effective, and reproducible method for optimizing ocular hemodynamics during SOAIC regardless of baseline OA flow pattern. Verapamil infusion may further favorably modify OA flow.

Trial registration number

NCT01466855.
Diagnostic carotid and cerebral angiography: a historical summary of the evolving changes in coding and reimbursement in a complex procedure family
Authors: Donovan William D , Leslie-Mazwi Thabele M , Silva Ezequiel , Woo Henry H , Nicola Gregory N , Barr Robert M , Bello Jacqueline A , Tu Raymond , Hirsch Joshua A
Published: September 2014

Carotid and cerebral angiography have been a mainstay of neurointerventional and neuroradiologic practice for years. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) and Relative Value Scale Update Committee (RUC) initiatives have compelled the professional societies to bundle component codes under threat of unilateral CMS revision and revaluation. Code bundling usually results in a decrease in the professional Relative Value Unit (RVU) valuation, and thus the MD reimbursement. The year 2013 saw a dramatic revision to the Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code set that defines carotid and cerebral procedures. This paper reviews the process that led to that code set being revised and estimates the impact on professional reimbursement. We show the current and previous carotid angiography CPT codes and use clinical examples to assess professional RVU valuation before and after code revision.
Fostering professionalism among doctors: the role of workplace discussion groups
Authors: Gill Deborah , Griffin Ann , Launer John
Published: September 2014

Background

The professionalism of doctors has come in for increasing scrutiny and discussion, within the profession and in society. Professionalism has also become of central interest in undergraduate and postgraduate medical education. There is a great deal of debate about the nature of medical professionalism, how to promote it and what approaches to learning are most effective.

Objective

This study aims to identify the role of workplace-based discussion groups in encouraging and supporting the development of professionalism among doctors.

Methods

Workplace-based discussion groups including doctors from all non-consultant grades and specialties were established in five hospitals over a 6 month period in 2010–2011. A mixed-methods approach was used to identify the perceived impact of these groups on participants, which included interviewing the group facilitators and education leaders at participating hospitals.

Results

Understanding of professionalism at an individual level was improved along with an increased awareness of the collective nature of professionalism in everyday clinical practice. Key to the success of the groups was the creation of a legitimate space to explore professionalism and professional challenges and the use of experienced facilitators who could build trust in the groups.

Conclusions

A purely individualistic approach to professionalism does not resonate with contemporary, team-based healthcare. Work-based groups can provide a focus for an approach to professionalism that is mindful of self, the team, the culture and the organisation. This evaluation provides guidance to a range of stakeholders on how to develop educational interventions that foster professionalism, personal and collective, and offers some pointers towards the range of factors that may impact on the outcomes of such activities.
Outbreak of disease associated with Mycoplasma meleagridis in a free‐range mixed poultry farm
Authors: Catania Salvatore , Rodio Stefania , Moronato Maria Luisa , Ayling Roger D , Nicholas Robin A J
Published: September 2014

Mycoplasma meleagridis is mainly a pathogen of turkeys causing poor growth and skeletal abnormalities. Very few cases have been reported in poultry in Europe over the last 20 years largely because of control measures including selective breeding and strict biosecurity. The authors report here evidence of M meleagridis infection in a flock of free‐range turkeys and, for the first time, in guinea fowl presenting decreased growth rate and significant mortality, which were in direct contact with the turkeys. The majority of turkeys were seropositive for M meleagridis but the guinea fowl were seronegative. M meleagridis was isolated by culture and identified by PCR/denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and 16S rDNA sequencing in the cloacae and tracheas of several affected turkeys and the cloacae of guinea fowl.
Influence of shape anisotropy on reversal process in coupled ellipsoidal magnetic dot array
Authors: Raanaei Hossein , Eslamizadeh Hadi
Published: September 2014

The magnetization reversal of two configurations of linear magnetic ellipsoidal arrays has been studied by using the micromagnetic simulations. The effect of magnetostatic interaction on the switching field is investigated by altering aspect ratio of ellipsoids while boundary edge spacing is kept fixed. The simulation results showed that, when the field is parallel to the ellipsoid easy axis, the shifted switching field is more than the case when the field is parallel to the ellipsoid hard axis. However, in both configurations the shifted switching field accompany with the more relaxed magnetic pattern.
Phase diagram of an extended t-U-J chain with frustrated exchange interaction
Authors: Ding Hanqin , Zhang Jun
Published: September 2014

Using the low-energy effective field theory scenario combined Abelian bosonization and renormalization-group techniques, we study the Hubbard chain with additional anisotropic nearest-neighbor and isotropic next-nearest-neighbor spin exchanges J and J′ in the weak-coupling regime. The spin correlations are non-critical due to the anisotropic J (Jxy ≠ Jz). The frustrating antiferromagnetic exchange J′ leads to an enhancement of the dimerized phase and induces a long-range charge-density-wave (CDW) phase. For smaller values of J′ (J′ < 2U/3), the quantum phase diagram consists of the insulating spin-density-wave ( SDW xy, SDW z) and bond-charge-density-wave (BCDW) phases and the triplet superconducting ( TS 0, TS ±) phase. For larger J′ (J′ ≥ 2U/3), a finite CDW phase appears. The result shows that the frustrated spin exchange J′ changes the topological structure of the usual t-U-J chain.
THREE-PHASE FOUR-WIRE PV-BASED SERIES HYBRID ACTIVE POWER FILTER FOR POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT
Authors: VIJAYAKUMAR M. , VIJAYAN S.
Published: September 2014

This paper proposes a photovoltaic (PV)-based three-phase four-wire (3P4W) series hybrid active power filter (SHAPF) it comprises of a series active power filter (SAPF) and an LC shunt passive filter. The proposed system eliminates both the current and voltage harmonics and compensates reactive power, neutral current and voltage interruption. A SAPF demands a source of energy for compensating the voltage sag/swell. This system introduces a new topology for SHAPF utilizes the PV with DC–DC boost converter as a source of DC power for SAPF. The compensation current reference evaluation is based on the twin formulation of the vectorial theory of electrical power theorem with fuzzy logic controller (FLC). The PV array/battery managed DC–DC boost converter is employed to step up the voltage to meet the DC bus voltage requirement of the three-leg voltage source inverter (VSI). The foremost benefit of the proposed system is that, it will provide uninterrupted compensation for the whole day. This system utilizes the renewable energy accordingly saves the energy and shares the load during the solar irradiation available. The simulation and experimental studies are carried out to validate the effectiveness of the proposed PV-SHAPF.
The Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Jaragua National Park, Dominican Republic
Authors: Lubertazzi David , Alpert Gary D.
Published: September 2014

This study examined ant species richness in Jaragua National Park (Pedernales Province, Dominican Republic). Ants were sampled at 15 sites during late March and early April, 2012. Habitats sampled included dry forest, beach scrub, lakeside acacia scrub, and thorn woodland. Sixty-four species from 23 genera were collected. Species richness was higher than expected, considering only 125 species had previously been reported for all of Hispaniola. Jaragua National Park is part of the Jaragua-Bahoruco-Enriquillo Biosphere Reserve. The ant species richness observed in this study suggests that the park, along with larger reserve, is successful in preserving important habitat for insects.
Interleukin-2/Anti-Interleukin-2 Immune Complex Expands Regulatory T Cells and Reduces Angiotensin II-Induced Aortic Stiffening
Authors: Majeed Beenish , Tawinwung Supannikar , Eberson Lance S. , Secomb Timothy W. , Larmonier Nicolas , Larson Douglas F.
Published: September 2014

Adaptive immune function is implicated in the pathogenesis of vascular disease. Inhibition of T-lymphocyte function has been shown to reduce hypertension, target-organ damage, and vascular stiffness. To study the role of immune inhibitory cells, CD4+CD25+Foxp3+regulatory T cells (Tregs), on vascular stiffness, we stimulated the proliferation of Treg lymphocytesin vivousing a novel cytokine immune complex of Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and anti-IL-2 monoclonal antibody clone JES6-1 (mAbCD25). Three-month-old male C57BL/6J mice were treated with IL-2/mAbCD25concomitantly with continuous infusion of angiotensin type 1 receptor agonist, [Val5]angiotensin II. Our results indicate that the IL-2/mAbCD25complex effectively induced Treg phenotype expansion by 5-fold in the spleens with minimal effects on total CD4+and CD8+T-lymphocyte numbers. The IL-2/mAbCD25complex inhibited angiotensin II-mediated aortic collagen remodeling and the resulting stiffening, analyzed within vivopulse wave velocity and effective Young’s modulus. Furthermore, the IL-2/mAbCD25complex suppressed angiotensin II-mediated Th17 responses in the lymphoid organs and reduced gene expression of IL-17 as well as T cell and macrophage infiltrates in the aortic tissue. This study provides data that support the protective roles of Tregs in vascular stiffening and highlights the use of the IL-2/mAbCD25complex as a new potential therapy in angiotensin II-related vascular diseases.
Glucose, Insulin, and Oxygen Interplay in Placental Hypervascularisation in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Cvitic Silvija , Desoye Gernot , Hiden Ursula
Published: September 2014

The placental vasculature rapidly expands during the course of pregnancy in order to sustain the growing needs of the fetus. Angiogenesis and vascular growth are stimulated and regulated by a variety of growth factors expressed in the placenta or present in the fetal circulation. Like in tumors, hypoxia is a major regulator of angiogenesis because of its ability to stimulate expression of various proangiogenic factors. Chronic fetal hypoxia is often found in pregnancies complicated by maternal diabetes as a result of fetal hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinemia. Both are associated with altered levels of hormones, growth factors, and proinflammatory cytokines, which may act in a proangiogenic manner and, hence, affect placental angiogenesis and vascular development. Indeed, the placenta in diabetes is characterized by hypervascularisation, demonstrating high placental plasticity in response to diabetic metabolic derangements. This review describes the major regulators of placental angiogenesis and how the diabetic environmentin uteroalters their expression. In the light of hypervascularized diabetic placenta, the focus was placed on proangiogenic factors.
Temporary Sternoclavicular Plating for an Unusual Double Clavicle Fracture (Medial Nonunion, Lateral Acute) Complicated by an Intraoperative Pneumothorax
Authors: Skedros John G. , Knight Alex N. , Mears Chad S. , Langston Tanner D.
Published: September 2014

Double (segmental) clavicle fractures, involving both the medial and lateral aspects of the clavicle, are very uncommon. Even less common is an asynchronous double fracture with one of the fractures being a nonunion. We report the case of a 30-year-old healthy male patient who had an unusual double clavicle fracture (medial nonunion, lateral acute) that occurred in separate traumatic events during motocross (motorcycle) racing. His fractures were treated surgically in two stages. In the first stage a long reconstruction plate was used that spanned onto the sternum and two transcortical screws were placed into the manubrium to enhance purchase for the deficient bone of the medial clavicle. In accordance with the preoperative plan, the medial one-third of the plate and the medial four screws (of the total 13 used) were removed. Although our patient had an excellent final result, he did have an intraoperative pneumothorax that was treated uneventfully with a chest tube. Medial clavicle fractures are difficult to treat, especially if they are nonunions and surgical complication rates can be high. Our case is one of the few that has been described where temporary sternoclavicular plating was successful in achieving an excellent long-term outcome.
On the Existence of Global Weak Solutions for a Weakly Dissipative Hyperelastic Rod Wave Equation
Authors: Yan Haibo , Yong Ls , Yang Yu , Wang Yang
Published: September 2014

Assuming that the initial valuev0(x)belongs to the spaceH1(R), we prove the existence of global weak solutions for a weakly dissipative hyperelastic rod wave equation in the spaceC([0,∞)×R)⋂‍L∞([0,∞);H1(R)). The limit of the viscous approximation for the equation is used to establish the existence.
When an Extension of Nagata Rings Has Only Finitely Many Intermediate Rings, Each of Those Is a Nagata Ring
Authors: Dobbs David E. , Picavet Gabriel , Picavet-L’Hermitte Martine
Published: September 2014

LetR⊂Sbe an extension of commutative rings, withXan indeterminate, such that the extensionRX⊂SXof Nagata rings has FIP (i.e.,SXhas only finitely manyRX-subalgebras). Then, the number ofRX-subalgebras ofSXequals the number ofR-subalgebras ofS. In fact, the function from the set ofR-subalgebras ofSto the set ofRX-subalgebras ofSXgiven byT ↦TXis an order-isomorphism.
Blood Transfusion Practice before and after Implementation of Type and Screen Protocol in Emergency Department of a University Affiliated Hospital in Iran
Authors: Alavi-Moghaddam Mostafa , Bardeh Mahmoud , Alimohammadi Hossein , Emami Habib , Hosseini-Zijoud Seyed-Mostafa
Published: September 2014

Background. Blood transfusion is the cornerstone of therapy for many serious and common diseases. This study was performed to assess blood transfusion practice before and after implementation of type and screen protocol in emergency department of a university affiliated hospital in Iran, 2012-2013.Methods. An audit was studied before and after the implementation of type and screen protocol. The number of blood transfusions, time interval between blood order and transfusion, cross-match to transfusion ratio (C/Tratio), and transfusion index (TI) were checked.C/Tratio was used as a measure of the efficiency of blood ordering practice. We compared our results before and after implementation of type and screen protocol.Results. In present study after implementation of type and screen protocol, the time interval between requesting blood transfusion and transfusion of blood has decreased significantly (P<0.001). The number of blood transfusions required by actual patients increased significantly from 1/2 to 2 (P<0.001). The average cross-match to transfusion (C/T) ratio got near 1.13 from 1.41 and TI got near 0.91 from 0.58 (P<0.001).Conclusion. The implementation of T&S protocol has been proven to be safe, efficient, and beneficial to the transfusion practice of our hospital from the current study.
On Generalized Jordan Prederivations and Generalized Prederivations of Lie Superalgebras
Authors: Ma Yao , Chen Liangyun
Published: September 2014

The concepts of (generalized)(θ,φ)-prederivations and (generalized) Jordan(θ,φ)-prederivations on a Lie superalgebra are introduced. It is proved that Jordan(θ,φ)-prederivations (resp., generalized Jordan(θ,φ)-prederivations) are(θ,φ)-prederivations (resp., generalized(θ,φ)-prederivations) on a Lie superalgebra under some conditions. In particular, Jordanθ-prederivations areθ-prederivations on a Lie superalgebra.
Degradation of Tetracycline by Birnessite under Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Liu Meng , Lv Guocheng , Mei Lefu , Wang Xiaoyu , Xing Xuebing , Liao Libing
Published: September 2014

The efficiency and factors affecting tetracycline (TC) degradation by birnessite under microwave irradiation (MI) were investigated under different initial TC concentrations, solution pH, MI time, and MI power. The crystal structure, degradation efficiency, and reaction mechanism were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis). The results showed that birnessite was an excellent microwave catalyst. The maximum TC removal efficiency by birnessite was 99% under MI at 400 W for 30 min in strongly acidic media. Under MI, the surface activity of birnessite increased, resulting in the ability to accelerate TC removal in high temperature.
Diversity and Distribution of Avian Fauna of Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Pathan Amir Jan , Khan Shahroz , Akhtar Naveed , Saeed Kausar
Published: September 2014

This survey was conducted from January 2013 to December 2013 to explore the avian fauna of Swat valley and to find out the major threats to the avian fauna of the area as it was neglected for years. Direct and indirect methods were used in the study by visiting the field and by interviewing the local peoples and hunters about the current and past status of the avian fauna of the area. During the current study direct and indirect methods were used. A total of 138 species were recorded belonging to 13 orders and 48 families. The order Passeriformes were recorded much in number that were 31 species. Most of the birds were migratory and few were resident. The fauna was very rich due to the flora of the area and also due to less hunting. Orders Anseriformes, Apodiformes, Charadriiformes, Columbiformes, Pelecaniformes, Phoenicopteriformes, and Psittaciformes were found migratory and orders Ciconiiformes, Coraciiformes, Galliformes, and Piciformes were found resident while some members of Gruiformes and Passeriformes were found migratory and some resident.
A Model of Calculating Radiative Opacities of Hot Dense Plasmas Based on the Density-Functional Theory
Authors: Kiyokawa Shuji
Published: September 2014

We determine the radiative opacity of plasmas in a local thermal equilibrium (LTE) by time-dependent density-functional theory (TDDFT) including autoionization resonances, where the photoabsorption cross section is calculated for an ion embedded in the plasma using the detailed configuration accounting (DCA) method. The abundance of ion with integer occupation numbers is determined by means of the finite temperature density-functional theory (FTDFT). For an Al plasma of temperature T=20 eV and density 0.01 g/cm3, we show the opacity and the photoabsorption cross section of b-f and b-b transitions with Doppler and Stark width, and also show a result that the Planck and Rosseland mean opacities are 28,348 cm2/g and 4,279 cm2/g, respectively.
Detection and Assay of Vitamin B-2 (Riboflavin) in Alkaline Borate Buffer with UV/Visible Spectrophotometry
Authors: Bartzatt Ronald , Wol Tasloach
Published: September 2014

The detection and assay of vitamin B-2 (riboflavin) was accomplished under aqueous conditions using sodium borate buffering at pH 7.52 conditions. The absorbance spectrum of riboflavin was determined at different pH values utilizing several buffers. The buffer at pH at 7.52 is followed by accurate and sensitive assay of riboflavin by spectrophotometer at 440 nm wavelength. Where indicated an origin solution (stock) was employed by dissolving sufficient vitamin to make a stock solution of 1.403×10-4 molar concentrations. Measurements of various aqueous solutions containing riboflavin were accomplished that included aqueous test samples, vitamin capsules/tablets, and water vitamin mixtures. A standard curve extended from 7.97×10-7 molar to 1.23×10-4 molar (a 154x folds spread in concentration). The equation of the line was y = 12545x (intercept at origin) with Pearson r correlation of 1.000 (R2=1.000). Concentration of riboflavin assayed ranged from 3.00×10-4 gram per liter (0.30 ppm) to 0.0463 gram per liter (46.35 ppm). The B vitamin riboflavin can be assayed by UV/VIS spectrophotometer at 440 nm in aqueous media and using sodium borate buffer at pH 7.52. The assay can reach as low as 0.30 parts per million with high levels of accuracy and sensitivity.
Burst Diaphragms Based on Carbon Black/Silica Hybrid Filler Reinforced Nitrile Rubber Compounds
Authors: Davoodi Ali Asghar , Khalkhali Tal’at , Salehi Mohammad Mahdi , Sarioletlagh Fard Soheil
Published: September 2014

Nitrile rubber (NBR) based elastomer compounds containing different carbon black/silica composition ratios were prepared using laboratory-scale two roll mill. According the cure characterization results, addition of the reinforcing filler, either carbon black or silica, shortened the optimum cure time and also scorch time of samples compared to that of pure NBR gum where the optimum cure time and scorch time both decreased with increasing the silica content of hybrid filler. Analysis of mechanical properties showed that burst strength of carbon black-rich NBR compounds was higher compared to the samples containing silica. This is presumably due to the higher elongation at break observed in NBR/silica compounds revealing lower crosslink density. In fact, adsorption of curing agents onto the functional groups present at the silica surface would be responsible for the lower crosslink density. According to the Barlow’s formula, despite the higher tensile strength of NBR/silica compounds, higher elongation at break leads to the lower burst strength of NBR/silica/carbon black diaphragms.
Coexistence of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Myeloproliferative Neoplasm
Authors: Zielinska Patrycja , Markiewicz Miroslaw , Dzierzak-Mietla Monika , Koclega Anna , Helbig Grzegorz , Kyrcz-Krzemien Slawomira
Published: September 2014

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common adult leukemia in the Western world. Host immune surveillance caused mainly by the disease itself is speculated to be responsible for high incidence of secondary neoplasms. However, the simultaneous occurrence of CLL and myeloproliferative disorder in the same patient is extremely rare. In the present report, a case of an 81-year-old man who was diagnosed with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and concomitant essential thrombocythemia is presented. We describe the morphologic, immunophenotypic, cytogenetic, and molecular findings in this patient. We also review the current literature.
Set of Oscillation Criteria for Second Order Nonlinear Forced Differential Equations with Damping
Authors: Salhin Ambarka Abdalla , Salma Din Ummul Khair , Ahmad Rokiah Rozita , Noorani Mohd Salmi Md
Published: September 2014

By employing a generalized Riccati technique and an integral averaging technique, some new oscillation criteria are established for the second order nonlinear forced differential equation with damping. These results extend, improve, and unify some known oscillation criteria in the existing literature.
Electromyographic Assessment of Functional Symmetry of Paraspinal Muscles during Static Exercises in Adolescents with Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Chwała Wiesław , Koziana Agnieszka , Kasperczyk Tadeusz , Walaszek Robert , Płaszewski Maciej
Published: September 2014

Background. The question of how to correct and rehabilitate scoliosis remains one of the most difficult problems of orthopaedics. Controversies continue to arise regarding various types of both symmetric and asymmetric scoliosis-specific therapeutic exercises.Objective. The aim of the present paper was to conduct an electromyographic assessment of functional symmetry of paraspinal muscles during symmetric and asymmetric exercises in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis.Materials and Methods. The study was conducted in a group of 82 girls, mean age 12.4 ± 2.3 years with single- or double-major-idiopathic scoliosis, Cobb angle 24 ± 9.4°. The functional biopotentials during isometric work of paraspinal muscles in “at rest” position and during two symmetric and four asymmetric exercises were measured with the use of the Muscle Tester ME 6000 electromyograph.Results. In general, asymmetric exercises were characterised by larger differences in bioelectrical activity of paraspinal muscles, in comparison with symmetric exercises, both in the groups of patients with single-curve and double-curve scoliosis.Conclusion. During symmetric and asymmetric exercises, muscle tension patterns differed significantly in both groups, in comparison with the examination at rest, in most cases generating positive corrective patterns. Asymmetric exercises generated divergent muscle tension patterns on the convex and concave sides of the deformity.
Markers of Systemic Inflammation and Apo-AI Containing HDL Subpopulations in Women with and without Diabetes
Authors: Russo Giuseppina T. , Giandalia Annalisa , Romeo Elisabetta L. , Alibrandi Angela , Horvath Katalin V. , Asztalos Bela F. , Cucinotta Domenico
Published: September 2014

Background. Besides their role in reverse cholesterol transport, HDL particles may affect the atherosclerotic process through the modulation of subclinical inflammation. HDL particles differ in size, composition, and, probably, anti-inflammatory properties. This hypothesis has never been explored in diabetic women, frequently having dysfunctional HDL. The potential relationship between lipid profile, Apo-AI containing HDL subclasses distribution, and common inflammatory markers (hsCRP, IL-6) was examined in 160 coronary heart disease- (CHD-) free women with and without type 2 diabetes.Results. Compared to controls, diabetic women showed lower levels of the atheroprotective large α-1, α-2, and pre-α-1 and higher concentration of the small, lipid-poor α-3 HDL particles (P<0.05all); diabetic women also had higher hsCRP and IL-6 serum levels (age- and BMI-adjustedP<0.001). Overall, HDL subclasses significantly correlated with inflammatory markers: hsCRP inversely correlated with α-1(P=0.01)and pre-α-1(P=0.003); IL-6 inversely correlated with α-1(P=0.003), α-2(P=0.004), and pre-α-1(P=0.002)and positively with α-3 HDL(P=0.03). Similar correlations were confirmed at univariate regression analysis.Conclusions. More atheroprotective HDL subclasses are associated with lower levels of inflammatory markers, especially in diabetic women. These data suggest that different HDL subclasses may influence CHD risk also through the modulation of inflammation.
Quantitative Analysis of Resorcinol from Marketed Hair Tonic Using Liquid Chromatographic Technique
Authors: De Amit Kumar , Chowdhury Partha Pratim , Chattapadhyay Shyamaprasad
Published: September 2014

Quantitative estimation of resorcinol from marketed pharmaceutical formulation has been reported in this study. Resorcinol as a pharmaceutical ingredient has a broad spectrum of application but its application is limited due to its toxic side effects. Method for the accurate estimation of resorcinol is therefore essential. In the current study we have developed a chromatographic technique for its estimation from a marketed hair tonic meant for the treatment of several dermatological diseases of the scalp. A stainless steel column 25 cm in length and 4 mm internal diameter packed with octadecylsilane (5 µm) was used for this purpose. The mobile phase was a mixture of phosphate buffer of pH 2.8 and acetonitrile. The flow rate was 0.6 mL·min−1 and the detection wavelength was 280 nm. The method was found to be linear between concentration range 10.28 µg·mL−1 to 71.96 µg·mL−1 with r2 value 0.999. The accuracy of the method and the intraday and interday precession study presents the applicability of the method for the estimation of resorcinol from any pharmaceutical and cosmetic product containing resorcinol.
Status of Biodiversity at Wetland Ecosystem of Mohangonj Upazila in Netrakona District
Authors: Alam Mohammad Zahangeer
Published: September 2014

Species in wetlands provide ecosystem services, and protect the sustainable environment for human beings. The wetland biodiversity has been impacted at Mohangonj in Bangladesh due to the development of major environmental threats. The present research is undertaken to report the species status, wetland properties, and major environmental pressures in each wetland ecosystem. Among the recorded species, the total percentage of visible, threatened, endangered, and extinct species was 69.23, 18.62, 10, and 1.92% in these wetland ecosystems, respectively. The highest number of threatened species was found in the wetland of Aizda (29%); the lowest was in Khalaura (8%). The maximum number of endangered species was noted in the wetland of Sonarthal (16%), and the minimum was in Chadra (4%) wetland. Four percent species were in the extinct category at some of the wetland ecosystems. Wetland biodiversity protects wetland ecosystem services and the sustainable environment for species conservation. Continuous monitoring of wetland biodiversity might be helpful for the conservation of species in the wetland ecosystem.
The Characteristics of Ubiquitous and UniqueLeptospiraStrains from the Collection of Russian Centre for Leptospirosis
Authors: Voronina Olga L. , Kunda Marina S. , Aksenova Ekaterina I. , Ryzhova Natalia N. , Semenov Andrey N. , Petrov Evgeny M. , Didenko Lubov V. , Lunin Vladimir G. , Ananyina Yuliya V. , Gintsburg Alexandr L.
Published: September 2014

Background and Aim. Leptospira, the causal agent of leptospirosis, has been isolated from the environment, patients, and wide spectrum of animals in Russia. However, the genetic diversity ofLeptospirain natural and anthropurgic foci was not clearly defined.Methods. The recent MLST scheme was used for the analysis of seven pathogenic species. 454 pyrosequencing technology was the base of the whole genome sequencing (WGS).Results. The most wide spread and prevalentLeptospiraspecies in Russia wereL. interrogans, L. kirschneri,andL. borgpetersenii. Five STs, common for Russian strains: 37, 17, 199, 110, and 146, were identified as having a longtime and ubiquitous distribution in various geographic areas. Unexpected properties were revealed for the environmentalLeptospirastrain Bairam-Ali. WGS of this strain genome suggested that it combined the features of the pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains and may be a reservoir of the natural resistance genes. Results of the comparative analysis ofrrsandrpoBgenes and MLST loci for differentLeptospiraspecies strains and phenotypic and serological properties of the strain Bairam-Ali suggested that it represented separateLeptospiraspecies.Conclusions. Thus, the natural and anthropurgic foci supported ubiquitousLeptospiraspecies and the pool of genes important for bacterial adaptivity to various conditions.
Papillary Fibroelastoma of the Right Ventricular Free Wall
Authors: Niino Tetsuya , Unosawa Satoshi
Published: September 2014

Papillary fibroelastoma is a rare benign cardiac tumor that usually arises from the valvular endocardium and its development in the cardiac chambers is extremely rare. A 52-year-old woman complained of palpitations and echocardiography revealed a cardiac tumor. Resection was performed via the right ventricle and main pulmonary artery under cardiopulmonary bypass. Histological examination of the resected tumor showed that it was a papillary fibroelastoma. The patient’s postoperative course was unremarkable and no complications have been detected on followup.
Tillage System Affects Soil Organic Carbon Storage and Quality in Central Morocco
Authors: Moussadek R. , Mrabet R. , Dahan R. , Zouahri A. , El Mourid M. , Ranst E. Van
Published: September 2014

Stabilizing or improving soil organic carbon content is essential for sustainable crop production under changing climate conditions. Therefore, soil organic carbon research is gaining momentum in the Mediterranean basin. Our objective is to quantify effects of no tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) on soil organic carbon stock (SOCs) in three soil types (Vertisol, Cambisol, and Luvisol) within Central Morocco. Chemical analyses were used to determine how tillage affected various humic substances. Our results showed that, after 5 years, surface horizon (0–30 cm) SOC stocks varied between tillage systems and with soil type. The SOCs was significantly higher in NT compared to CT (10% more in Vertisol and 8% more in Cambisol), but no significant difference was observed in the Luvisol. Average SOCs within the 0–30 cm depth was 29.35 and 27.36 Mg ha−1under NT and CT, respectively. The highest SOCs (31.89 Mg ha−1) was found in Vertisols under NT. A comparison of humic substances showed that humic acids and humin were significantly higher under NT compared to CT, but fulvic acid concentrations were significantly lower. These studies confirm that NT does have beneficial effects on SOCs and quality in these soils.
Fast Synthesis of Multilayer Carbon Nanotubes from Camphor Oil as an Energy Storage Material
Authors: TermehYousefi Amin , Bagheri Samira , Shinji Kawasaki , Rouhi Jalal , Rusop Mahmood Mohamad , Ikeda Shoichiro
Published: September 2014

Among the wide range of renewable energy sources, the ever-increasing demand for electricity storage represents an emerging challenge. Utilizing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for energy storage is closely being scrutinized due to the promising performance on top of their extraordinary features. In this work, well-aligned multilayer carbon nanotubes were successfully synthesized on a porous silicon (PSi) substrate in a fast process using renewable natural essential oil via chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Considering the influx of vaporized multilayer vertical carbon nanotubes (MVCNTs) to the PSi, the diameter distribution increased as the flow rate decreased in the reactor. Raman spectroscopy results indicated that the crystalline quality of the carbon nanotubes structure exhibits no major variation despite changes in the flow rate. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra confirmed the hexagonal structure of the carbon nanotubes because of the presence of a peak corresponding to the carbon double bond. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images showed multilayer nanotubes, each with different diameters with long and straight multiwall tubes. Moreover, the temperature programmed desorption (TPD) method has been used to analyze the hydrogen storage properties of MVCNTs, which indicates that hydrogen adsorption sites exist on the synthesized multilayer CNTs.
A Regional Climate Simulation Study Using WRF-ARW Model over Europe and Evaluation for Extreme Temperature Weather Events
Authors: Dasari Hari Prasad , Salgado Rui , Perdigao Joao , Challa Venkata Srinivas
Published: September 2014

In this study regional climate simulations of Europe over the 60-year period (1950–2010) made using a 25 km resolution WRF model with NCEP 2.5 degree analysis for initial/boundary conditions are presented for air temperature and extreme events of heat and cold waves. The E-OBS 25 km analysis data sets are used for model validation. Results suggest that WRF could simulate the temperature trends (mean, maximum, minimum, seasonal maximum, and minimum) over most parts of Europe except over Iberian Peninsula, Mediterranean, and coastal regions. Model could simulate the slight fall of temperatures from 1950 to 1970 as well as steady rise in temperatures from 1970 to 2010 over Europe. Simulations show occurrence of about 80% of the total heat waves in the period 1970–2010 with maximum number of heat/cold wave episodes over Eastern and Central Europe in good agreement with observations. Relatively poor correlations and high bias are found for heat/cold wave episodes over the complex topographic areas of Iberia and Mediterranean regions where land surface processes play important role in local climate. The poor simulation of temperatures over the above regions could be due to deficiencies in representation of topography and surface physics which need further sensitivity studies.
The Influence of Peripheral Neuropathy, Gender, and Obesity on the Postural Stability of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Herrera-Rangel Aline , Aranda-Moreno Catalina , Mantilla-Ochoa Teresa , Zainos-Saucedo Lylia , Jáuregui-Renaud Kathrine
Published: September 2014

Aim.To assess the influence of peripheral neuropathy, gender, and obesity on the postural stability of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods.151 patients with no history of otology, neurology, or orthopaedic or balance disorders accepted to participate in the study. After a clinical interview and neuropathy assessment, postural stability was evaluated by static posturography (eyes open/closed on hard/soft surface) and the “Up & Go” test.Results.During static posturography, on hard surface, the length of sway was related to peripheral neuropathy, gender, age, and obesity; on soft surface, the length of sway was related to peripheral neuropathy, gender, and age, the influence of neuropathy was larger in males than in females, and closing the eyes increased further the difference between genders. The mean time to perform the “Up & Go” test was 11.6 ± 2.2 sec, with influence of peripheral neuropathy, gender, and age.Conclusion.In order to preserve the control of static upright posture during conditions with deficient sensory input, male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with no history of balance disorders may be more vulnerable than females, and obesity may decrease the static postural control in both males and females.
Curcumin, a Natural Antioxidant, Acts as a Noncompetitive Inhibitor of Human RNase L in Presence of Its Cofactor 2-5AIn Vitro
Authors: Gupta Ankush , Rath Pramod C.
Published: September 2014

Ribonuclease L (RNase L) is an antiviral endoribonuclease of the innate immune system, which is induced and activated by viral infections, interferons, and double stranded RNA (dsRNA) in mammalian cells. Although, RNase L is generally protective against viral infections, abnormal RNase L expression and activity have been associated with a number of diseases. Here, we show that curcumin, a natural plant-derived anti-inflammatory active principle, inhibits RNase L activity; hence, it may be exploited for therapeutic interventions in case of pathological situations associated with excess activation of RNase L.
Provably-Secure (Chinese Government) SM2 and Simplified SM2 Key Exchange Protocols
Authors: Yang Ang , Nam Junghyun , Kim Moonseong , Choo Kim-Kwang Raymond
Published: September 2014

We revisit the SM2 protocol, which is widely used in Chinese commercial applications and by Chinese government agencies. Although it is by now standard practice for protocol designers to provide security proofs in widely accepted security models in order to assure protocol implementers of their security properties, the SM2 protocol does not have a proof of security. In this paper, we prove the security of the SM2 protocol in the widely accepted indistinguishability-based Bellare-Rogaway model under the elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem (ECDLP) assumption. We also present a simplified and more efficient version of the SM2 protocol with an accompanying security proof.
Inhibition of Macrophage Functions by the C-Terminus of Murine S100A9 Is Dependent on B-1 Cells
Authors: Pagano Rosana Lima , Moraes Natassja Foizer , De Lorenzo Beatriz Helena , Coccuzzo Sampaio Sandra , Mariano Mario , Giorgi Renata
Published: September 2014

The protein S100A9 plays a key role in the control of inflammatory response. The C-terminus of the murine S100A9 protein (mS100A9p) downregulates the spreading and phagocytic activity of adherent peritoneal cells. Murine peritoneal cells are constituted by macrophages and B-1 cells, and the latter exert an inhibitory effect on macrophage functions by secreting interleukin- (IL-) 10. Here, we investigated the influence of B-1 cells on the inhibitory effect evoked by mS100A9p on macrophages. mS100A9p did not alter spreading and phagocytosis either by peritoneal macrophages obtained from mice deprived of B-1 cells or by bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMϕ). Nevertheless, when BMDMϕwere cocultivated by direct or indirect contact with B-1 cells treated with mS100A9p, the phagocytosis by BMDMϕwas decreased, showing that the effect of mS100A9p on macrophages was modulated by B-1 cells and/or their secretory compounds. Furthermore, the inhibitory action of mS100A9p on phagocytosis by adherent peritoneal cells was abolished in cells obtained from IL-10 knockout mice. Taken together, the results show that mS100A9p has no direct inhibitory effect on macrophages; however, mS100A9p modulates B-1 cells, which in turn downregulates macrophages, at least in part, via IL-10. These data contribute to the characterization of S100A9 functions involving B-1 cells in the regulation of the inflammatory process.