bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study protocol for the development and validation of a clinical prediction tool to estimate the risk of 1-year mortality among hospitalized patients with dementia
Authors: Bonares Michael , Fisher Stacey , Quinn Kieran , Wentlandt Kirsten , Tanuseputro Peter
Published: March 2024

Background

Patients with dementia and their caregivers could benefit from advance care planning though may not be having these discussions in a timely manner or at all. A prognostic tool could serve as a prompt to healthcare providers to initiate advance care planning among patients and their caregivers, which could increase the receipt of care that is concordant with their goals. Existing prognostic tools have limitations. We seek to develop and validate a clinical prediction tool to estimate the risk of 1-year mortality among hospitalized patients with dementia.

Methods

The derivation cohort will include approximately 235,000 patients with dementia, who were admitted to hospital in Ontario from April 1st, 2009, to December 31st, 2017. Predictor variables will be fully prespecified based on a literature review of etiological studies and existing prognostic tools, and on subject-matter expertise; they will be categorized as follows: sociodemographic factors, comorbidities, previous interventions, functional status, nutritional status, admission information, previous health care utilization. Data-driven selection of predictors will be avoided. Continuous predictors will be modelled as restricted cubic splines. The outcome variable will be mortality within 1 year of admission, which will be modelled as a binary variable, such that a logistic regression model will be estimated. Predictor and outcome variables will be derived from linked population-level healthcare administrative databases. The validation cohort will comprise about 63,000 dementia patients, who were admitted to hospital in Ontario from January 1st, 2018, to March 31st, 2019. Model performance, measured by predictive accuracy, discrimination, and calibration, will be assessed using internal (temporal) validation. Calibration will be evaluated in the total validation cohort and in subgroups of importance to clinicians and policymakers. The final model will be based on the full cohort.

Discussion

We seek to develop and validate a clinical prediction tool to estimate the risk of 1-year mortality among hospitalized patients with dementia. The model would be integrated into the electronic medical records of hospitals to automatically output 1-year mortality risk upon hospitalization. The tool could serve as a trigger for advance care planning and inform access to specialist palliative care services with prognosis-based eligibility criteria. Before implementation, the tool will require external validation and study of its potential impact on clinical decision-making and patient outcomes.

Trial registration

NCT05371782.
Should we compromise on n-of-1 data analyses?
Authors: Batley Prathiba
Published: March 2024

Despite their increasing popularity, n-of-1 designs employ data analyses that might not be as complete and powerful as they could be. Borrowing from existing advances in educational and psychological research, this article presents a few techniques and references for rigorous data analytic techniques in n-of-1 research.
Thyroid Hormone Homeostasis in Levothyroxine-treated Patients: Findings From ELSA-Brasil
Authors: Penna Gustavo C , Bensenor Isabela M , Bianco Antonio C , Ettleson Matthew D
Published: March 2024

Context

The effectiveness of levothyroxine (LT4) in restoring thyroid hormone (TH) homeostasis, particularly serum thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) levels, remains debatable.

Objective

This work aimed to assess TH homeostasis in LT4-treated individuals using data from the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health in Brazil (ELSA-Brasil) study.

Methods

The ELSA-Brasil study follows 15 105 adult Brazilians (aged 35-74 years) over 8.2 years (2008-2019) with 3 observation points assessing health parameters including serum thyrotropin (TSH), free T4 (FT4), and free T3 (FT3) levels. We analyzed 186 participants that initiated treatment with LT4 during the study, and 243 individuals continuously treated with LT4 therapy.

Results

Initiation of therapy with LT4 resulted in an 11% to 19% decrease in TSH, an approximately 19% increase in FT4, and a 7% reduction in FT3 serum levels (FT3 dropped >10% in ∼40% of the LT4-treated patients). This was associated with an increase in triglyceride levels and utilization of hypolipidemic and antidiabetic medications. Participants continuously treated with LT4 exhibited a stable elevation in serum FT4 and a reduction in serum FT3 and TSH levels. While 115 participants (47.3%) had at least 1 serum FT4 levels above the control reference range (>1.52 ng/dL), 38 participants (15.6%) had at least 1 serum FT3 below the reference range (<0.23 ng/dL).

Conclusion

The present results challenge the dogma that treatment with LT4 for hypothyroidism restores TH homeostasis in all patients. A substantial number of LT4-treated patients exhibit repeated FT4 and FT3 levels outside the normal reference range, despite normal TSH levels. Further studies are needed to define the clinical implications of these findings.
Survival Predictors of Radioiodine-refractory Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Treated With Lenvatinib in Real Life
Authors: Marotta Vincenzo , Rocco Domenico , Crocco Anna , Deiana Maria Grazia , Martinelli Ruggero , Di Gennaro Francesca , Valeriani Mariafelicia , Valvano Luca , Caleo Alessia , Pezzullo Luciano , Faggiano Antongiulio , Vitale Mario , Monti Salvatore
Published: March 2024

Context

Lenvatinib is approved for the treatment of radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (RR-DTC). The definition of predictive factors of survival is incomplete.

Objective

To identify pre- and posttreatment survival predictors in a real-life cohort of RR-DTC treated with lenvatinib.

Design

Multicenter, retrospective, cohort study.

Setting

3 Italian thyroid cancer referral centers.

Participants

55 RR-DTC treated with lenvatinib.

Main Outcome Measures

Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).

Results

Lenvatinib was the first-line kinase-inhibitor in 96.4% of subjects. Median follow-up was 48 months. Median PFS and OS were 26 [95% confidence interval (CI) 19.06-32.93] and 70 months (95% CI 36-111.99), respectively. Pretreatment setting: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status was independently related to PFS [P < .001; hazard ratio (HR) 18.82; 95% CI 3.65-97.08: score 0-1 as reference] and OS (P = .001; HR 6.20; 95% CI 2.11-18.20; score 0-1 as reference); radioactive iodine (RAI) avidity was independently related to PFS (P = .047; HR 3.74; 95% CI 1.01-13.76; avid disease as reference). Patients with good ECOG status (0-1) and RAI-avid disease obtained objective response in 100% of cases and achieved a median PFS of 45 months without any death upon a median follow-up of 81 months. Posttreatment setting: the best radiological response independently predicted PFS (P = .001; HR 4.6; 95% CI 1.89-11.18; partial/complete response as reference) and OS (P = .013; HR 2.94; 95% CI 1.25-6.89; partial/complete response as reference).

Conclusion

RR-DTC with good performance status and RAI-avid disease obtains the highest clinical benefit from lenvatinib. After treatment initiation, objective response was the only independent survival predictor.
Use of a Sheath and Stylet for a Difficult Dorsal Root Ganglion Stimulation Lead Extraction: A Case Report
Authors: Cheung Christopher K. , Lee Ken W. , Yong Robert J.
Published: March 2024

Dorsal root ganglion stimulation (DRG-S) is a relatively new neuromodulation technique that has shown promising results in the treatment of chronic pain conditions. We present a case of a difficult lead extraction during the explantation of a DRG-S device. The lead was unable to be removed despite multiple attempts until a sheath and stylet were used to facilitate extraction. As DRG-S utilization becomes more widespread, DRG-S device explantation will inevitably become more common. The technique described in this report may be beneficial in certain cases of difficult DRG-S lead extraction.
A Tranifesto for the Dolls
Authors: Zhang Erique , Glover Julian Kevon , Kim Ava L. J. , Kimoto Tamsin , Moore Nathan Alexander , o'neil æryka jourdaine hollis , Ridley LaVelle
Published: March 2024

In this written dialogue, the authors build on a roundtable discussion held at the 2022 annual meeting of the National Women's Studies Association to articulate what a trans femme of color theory might look like, one that positions trans femmes of color not only as objects of study but also as producers of knowledge and subjects central to the field of trans studies.
Beyond Autopoiesis
Authors: Hansen Sid
Published: March 2024

As the notion of biological sex becomes increasingly invested with binary, anti-trans meanings in US discourse, some scholars suggest that “reimagining biology” as diverse and not dichotomous might help affirm trans identities. Instead of ignoring science and emboldening its reductionist forms, it is said that theorists should celebrate trans identities as biological diversity. This essay explores the fraught terrain of this hopeful project. The first section examines how dominant histories of the sex-gender distinction autopoietically flatten trans lives by conflating them with the passive materiality of biological sex. The second section turns to two histories of trans life that challenge this historiographic tendency—Jules Gill-Peterson's Histories of the Transgender Child and C. Riley Snorton's Black on Both Sides. Following Sylvia Wynter's call to forge liminal sciences, the article shows how Gill-Peterson and Snorton reimagine biology by encountering marginalized modes of trans scientific practice. In the margins, gaps, and opacities of the archive, there are encounters with trans experimentation, rearrangements of biology and science that do not “affirm” transness as much as they rebel against the racist order of cis-normativity.
Impact of Cerebral Revascularization on Pial Collateral Flow in Patients With Unilateral Moyamoya Disease Using Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Angiography
Authors: Santhumayor Brandon A. , White Timothy G. , Golub Danielle , Rivera Moses , Turpin Justin , Golombeck David , Ryu Brendan , Shah Kevin , Ortiz Rafael , Black Karen , Katz Jeffrey M. , Dehdashti Amir R. , Langer David J.
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a chronic steno-occlusive disease of the intracranial circulation that depends on neoangiogenesis of collateral vessels to maintain cerebral perfusion and is primarily managed with cerebral revascularization surgery. A quantitative assessment of preoperative and postoperative collateral flow using quantitative magnetic resonance angiography with noninvasive optimal vessel analysis (NOVA) was used to illustrate the impact of revascularization on cerebral flow distribution.

METHODS:

A retrospective review of patients with unilateral MMD who underwent direct, indirect, or combined direct/indirect cerebral revascularization surgery was conducted between 2011 and 2020. Using NOVA, flow was measured at the anterior cerebral artery (ACA), ACA distal to the anterior communicating artery (A2), middle cerebral artery (MCA), posterior cerebral artery (PCA), and PCA distal to the posterior communicating artery (P2). Pial flow (A2 + P2) and collateral flow (ipsilateral [A2 + P2])—(contralateral [A2 + P2]) were measured and compared before and after revascularization surgery. Total hemispheric flow (MCA + A2 + P2) with the addition of the bypass graft flow postoperatively was likewise measured.

RESULTS:

Thirty-four patients with unilateral MMD underwent cerebral revascularization. Median collateral flow significantly decreased from 68 to 39.5 mL/min (P = .007) after bypass. Hemispheres with maintained measurable bypass signal on postoperative NOVA demonstrated significant reduction in median collateral flow after bypass (P = .002). Median total hemispheric flow significantly increased from 227 mL/min to 247 mL/min (P = .007) after bypass. Only one patient suffered an ipsilateral ischemic stroke, and no patients suffered a hemorrhage during follow-up.

CONCLUSION:

NOVA measurements demonstrate a reduction in pial collateral flow and an increase in total hemispheric flow after bypass for MMD, likely representing a decrease in leptomeningeal collateral stress on the distal ACA and PCA territories. Further studies with these measures in larger cohorts may elucidate a role for NOVA in predicting the risk of ischemic and hemorrhagic events in MMD.
Evaluation of Peak Power Output in Healthy Adults during Sit-to-Stand and Vertical Jump Assessments
Authors: Keefe Marcos S. , Thiele Ryan M. , Mackey Cameron S.
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Measuring maximal, or peak, power output (Pmax) through vertical jumps (VJ) may not be appropriate for all individuals; the sit-to-stand (STS) test could potentially be more functionally relevant for older adults. However, the reliability of measuring Pmax in conjunction with STS and the relationships between Pmax during STS and VJ are unknown. This study aimed to determine the reliability and relationships of Pmax during VJ and STS assessments using a commercially designed testing device.

Methods

Sixteen healthy males (mean ± standard deviation: age, 24 ± 4 yr; height, 177 ± 7 cm; mass, 86 ± 19 kg) visited the laboratory on two occasions separated by 2–7 d. During each visit, participants performed three maximal STS tests from a table at knee flexions of 90° (STS90) and 120° (STS120) and three countermovement jumps (CMJ) and squat jumps (SJ) in randomized order. Reliability for Pmax during STS and VJ were determined using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC; model 2,1) and standard errors of the mean (SEM). Systematic variability was examined using separate one-way repeated-measures analyses of variance (ANOVA). Pearson correlation coefficients (r) examined relationships between Pmax as measured during the STS and the VJ.

Results

ANOVA indicated no systematic variability in Pmax across trials (P > 0.05). ICC and SEM expressed as percentages of the mean ranged from 0.958 to 0.978 and 5.586% to 6.396% for STS and from 0.924 to 0.974 and 4.025% to 6.534% for VJ, respectively. Significant positive relationships were observed between Pmax as measured during STS90, STS120, CMJ, and SJ (r = 0.751–0.962, P ≤ 0.001).

Conclusion

Results indicate that commercially designed devices may be highly reliable for assessing Pmax during STS and VJ. STS testing is potentially an effective alternative to VJ for assessing lower-body muscle power.
Bilateral inguinoscrotal swelling: An uncommon presentation of omental cystic lymphangioma
Authors: Viqar Sana , Chandni  , Muhammad Amjad Chaudhary
Published: March 2024

Abdominal cystic lymphangioma is a rare benign tumour in children. It is often difficult to diagnosis pre-operatively due to a varied spectrum of symptoms. We report a case of a male infant who presented with gross bilateral inguinoscrotal swelling. Provisional diagnosis of congenital communicating hydrocele was made and investigation revealed a large abdominal cyst. Patient underwent explorative laparotomy and the cyst arising from greater omentum, extending into bilateral scrotum, was excised and bilateral herniotomy done. Mass was confirmed to be lymphangioma on biopsy. This case is unique as an abdominal lymphangioma presented solely as inguinoscrotal swelling, with no abdominal symptom. To our knowledge, this is the first case of omental cystic lymphangioma involving both inguinoscrotal regions. Our case suggests that abdominal cystic lymphangioma should be a part of the differential diagnosis in any child with gross inguinoscrotal swelling in whom initial impression is of communicating hydrocele.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.5.8255

How to cite this: Viqar S, Chandni, Chaudhary MA. Bilateral inguinoscrotal swelling: An uncommon presentation of omental cystic lymphangioma. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.5.8255

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Κλινική σημασία της έκφρασης των υποδοχέων κανναβινοειδων CB-1 & CB-2 σε κακοήθη νεοπλάσματα νεφρού
Authors: Δεληγιάννης Δημήτριος
Published: March 2024

Εισαγωγή: Τα τελευταία χρόνια γίνεται ολοένα και μεγαλύτερη συζήτηση για την επίδραση των κανναβινοειδών σε διάφορες μορφές κακοήθειας. Αν και αποδεδειγμένα μέσω εργαστηριακών μελετών τα κανναβινοειδή παίζουν ρόλο σε κακοήθειες όπως είναι ο καρκίνος του μαστού, ο καρκίνος του προστάτη καιαδενοκαρκίνωμα του παγκρέατος, δεν υπάρχουν επαρκή ερευνητικά δεδομένα σχετικά με το νεφροκυτταρικό καρκίνωμα. Σκοπός: Ήταν η αξιολόγηση της έκφρασης των υποδοχέων κανναβινοειδών CB1 (CB1R) και CB2 (CB2R) (θετικότητα, ένταση, % έκφρασης, θέση κατανομής, ανοσοϊστοχημική βαθμολογία) σε καρκινώματα νεφρού και η συσχέτισή τους με διάφορα κλινικο-παθολογικά χαρακτηριστικά. Υλικά-Μέθοδοι: Συγκεντρώθηκαν αναδρομικά δεδομένα και δείγματα από 87 ασθενείς που διαγνώστηκαν με νεφροκυτταρικό καρκίνωμα (RCC) μετά από μερική ή ριζική νεφρεκτομή και η έκφραση CB1R και CB2R αξιολογήθηκε ανοσοϊστοχημικά σε ιστούς ενσωματωμένους σε παραφίνη. Τα αποτελέσματα αναλύθηκαν στατιστικά μονο- και πολυπαραγοντικά με κλινικο-παθολογικές παραμέτρους. Αποτελέσματα: Ο CB1R δεν εκφράστηκε καθόλου, ενώ ο CB2R εκφράστηκε σε n=78 (89,7%) ασθενείς με RCC. Στη μονοπαραγοντική ανάλυση, δεν βρέθηκε στατιστική σημαντικότητα σε καμία από τις παραμέτρους που αναλύθηκαν. Ωστόσο, στην πολυπαραγοντική ανάλυση, διαπιστώσαμε ότι οι ασθενείς με θηλώδη ιστολογικό τύπο (p<0,0005) συσχετίστηκαν με χαμηλότερη πιθανότητα έκφρασης του CB2R στο μεμβράνη σε σύγκριση με εκείνους με διαυγοκυτταρικό τύπο και συσχετίστηκαν επίσης με υψηλότερη πιθανότητα μέτριας ή ισχυρής έκφρασης της ανοσοϊστοχημικής βαθμολογίας (Immunohistochemical score) του CB2R σε σύγκριση με εκείνους με διαυγοκυτταρικό (p=0,03). Οι ασθενείς με Στάδιο Τ2 (p=0,010) είχαν πιο ενισχυμένη έκφραση (ένταση CB2R Βαθμού 3) σε σύγκριση με εκείνους με Στάδιο Τ1. Άνδρες (συντελεστής βήτα ± SE:13,70±7,04, p=0,056) και ασθενείς με χρωμόφοβο ιστολογικό τύπο (συντελεστής βήτα ± SE: 23,45±9,86; p=0,020) συσχετίστηκαν με υψηλότερο ποσοστό CB2R.86. Συμπεράσματα: Τα δεδομένα μας δείχνουν ότι μετά από καλά σχεδιασμένες μελέτες, ειδικά το CB2R θα μπορούσε να χρησιμοποιηθεί ως προγνωστικός δείκτης ή ακόμα και ως πιθανός θεραπευτικός στόχος στο RCC.
The genome sequence of the Orange-tipped sea squirt, Corella eumyota Traustedt, 1882
Authors: Bishop John , Wood Christine , Mrowicki Robert J. , Harley Joanna ,   Marine Biological Association Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: March 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual specimen of Corella eumyota (the Orange-tipped sea squirt; Chordata; Ascidiacea; Phlebobranchia; Corellidae). The genome sequence is 129.3 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 7 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 14.53 kilobases in length.
A protocol for a living mapping review of global research funding for infectious diseases with a pandemic potential – PANDEMIC PACT
Authors: Seminog Olena , Furst Rodrigo , Mendy Thomas , Rohanian Omid , Levanita Shanthi , Kadri-Alabi Zaharat , Jabin Nusrat , Humphreys Georgina , Antonio Emilia , Bucher Adrian , Norton Alice
Published: March 2024

The COVID CIRCLE initiative Research Project Tracker by UKCDR and GloPID-R and associated living mapping review (LMR) showed the importance of sharing and analysing data on research at the point of funding to improve coordination during a pandemic. This approach can also help with research preparedness for outbreaks and hence our new programme the Pandemic Preparedness: Analytical Capacity and Funding Tracking Programme (Pandemic PACT) has been established. The LMR described in this protocol will provide an open, accessible, near-real-time overview of the funding landscape for a wide range of infectious disease and pandemic preparedness research using a rich database. The underpinning database will feed into an online funding tracking dashboard, with visualisations and advanced exploration features. The database is the expansion of the previous UKCDR and GloPID-R COVID-19 Research Project database with addition of the priority diseases from the WHO Blueprint list plus initial additions of pandemic influenza, mpox and plague. We have captured as much information as possible about grants and their outputs and ensured that our metadata and database is aligned to the FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable and reproducible) principles by design. Prior to the public release, the data are processed by researchers and supported with artificial intelligence to create a curated data product. We anticipate that the database, this associated LMR and online funding tracking dashboard, will be a useful resource for funders, policy makers and researchers. In the future, our work will inform a more coordinated approach to research funding by providing evidence and data, including identification of gaps in funding allocation with a particular focus on low- and middle-income countries.
Rozwój „umów najmu skrytki depozytowej” poza sektorem bankowym w polskiej praktyce gospodarczej
Authors: Bączyk Mirosław
Published: March 2024

Autor wskazuje na dynamiczny rozwój „umów skrytki sejfowej” poza obrotem bankowym w Polsce i ich regulacje we wzorach umownych. Umowy te podobne są konstrukcyjnie do bankowych umów sejfowych, których zasięg jest wyraźnie ograniczany w działalności banków. Autor przedstawia strony tej umowy, pełnomocnictwo udzielane przez najemcę, dokonuje próby syntetycznego ujęcie uprawnień i obowiązków stron umowy. Kwalifikuje omawianą umowę jak szczególną umowa najmu (art. 659 k.c.), ale nie wyklucza także możliwości innych kwalifikacji prawnych (np. jako nowej, oryginalnej umowy nienazwanej). Omawia również czas trwania umowy, wynagrodzenia dla wynajmującego, skutki prawne śmierci najemcy, odpowiedzialność kontraktową przedsiębiorstwa depozytowego i jego obowiązek zachowania tajemnicy zawodowej. Jest to pierwszy w literaturze polskiej szerszy artykuł na wskazany temat.
Żandarmeria w Wielkim Księstwie Badenii w latach 1829–1848
Authors: Dąbrowski Karol
Published: March 2024

Żandarmeria – formacja policyjna, która ochrania porządek i bezpieczeństwo publiczne, pojawiła się w Europie Zachodniej na początku XIX w. Oddziały żandarmerii były tworzone na wzór francuski, szczególnie w państwach południowoniemieckich. Powstanie, rozwój i problemy związane z utworzeniem żandarmerii dobrze ilustruje przykład Wielkiego Księstwa Badenii – państwa granicznego o terytorium rozciągniętymŻandarmeria w Wielkim Księstwie Badenii w latach 1829–1848 101 między Renem a górami Schwarzwaldu, Francją, obszarami Niemiec i Szwajcarią.
Mikołaj Kopernik w służbie prawa i polityki
Authors: Filipiak Zbigniew
Published: March 2024

Artykuł przedstawia działalność Mikołaja Kopernika, w której wykorzystywał swoje najwyższe formalne wykształcenie, jakie zdobył wskutek studiów prawniczych w Italii, czego uwieńczeniem był dyplom doktorski uniwersytetu w Ferrarze. Wykształcenie prawnicze w znaczący sposób pomagało mu w pełnieniu szeregu odpowiedzialnych stanowisk przy kapitule warmińskiej, dając jednocześnie pozycję eksperta w rozpatrywaniu sporów oraz nadzorowaniu czynności prawnych na rzecz biskupstwa warmińskiego. Owe czynności potrafił łączyć to ze zgłębianiem swej największej pasji – astronomii, na której z czasem skupiał się jednak coraz bardziej.
Joaquim por João: Cardozo na poesia de Cabral, de Éverton Barbosa Correia
Authors: Freitas Eduardo da Silva de
Published: March 2024

Resenha do livro:
CORREIA, Éverton Barbosa. Joaquim por João: Cardozo na poesia de Cabral. Rio de Janeiro: Ponteio; Faperj, 2022.
O podcast como gênero discursivo-digital: história, usos e definições atuais
Authors: Moreira Raissa Goncalves de Andrade , Matos Denilson Pereira de , Pessoa Ercilene Azevedo Silva
Published: March 2024

O presente texto constitui um estudo sobre o podcast, definido por Rezende (2007, p. 2) como um “sistema de produção e difusão de conteúdos sonoros pela internet”. Apesar do amplo acesso, observamos que há uma escassez da literatura sobre o assunto. O podcast é uma presença constante em diversas esferas de nossa vida cotidiana e sua grande versatilidade torna sua definição bastante complexa. Portanto, é neces­sária uma proposta taxonômica em relação ao seu uso. Com base na classificação de Carvalho, Aguiar e Marciel (2009), bem como nas pesquisas de Uchôa (2010), Jesus (2014) e Cardoso (2021), que exploraram a integração do podcast em práticas pedagógicas, e em Oliveira (2018), que focou no âmbito jornalístico, buscamos estabelecer uma nova taxonomia que englobasse aspectos relevantes para a compreensão do podcast. Como resultado, ampliamos e criamos doze categorias, considerando tanto os aspectos funcionais quanto formais de sua composição. Assim, sendo o podcast um gênero versátil e dinâmico, e ainda que ele opte pelo áudio como seu principal meio, ele não é construído de maneira aleatória. Além disso, um podcast se desenvolve com base em padrões que são responsáveis por sua materialização. Portanto, com base na abordagem de Bakhtin (2006 [1952-1953]) e nas pesquisas de Marcuschi (2008), podemos afirmar que o pod­cast se configura como um gênero, admitido como um “ItemNet” (MATOS, 2020; 2022) de suporte.
Flaubert : la machine célibataire
Authors: Sicard Michel
Published: March 2024

Cet article propose une nouvelle lecture de L’Idiot de la famille loin des conceptions biographiques traditionnelles — chronologiques, dialectiques, psychanalytiques, thématiques. Selon les voies ouvertes par Sartre depuis L’Imaginaire, où signes et magie se côtoient, il s’agit d’une méthodologie kaléidoscopique d’inspiration « conceptuelle », proche de Marcel Duchamp : le sujet est pris dans la transparence du verre, en un regard traversant procédant par des coups de sonde radioscopiques à différents niveaux : personnages (père, mère, amis proches), relations sexuelles, lieux et référents livresques. Il s’ensuit des pliages d’ombre et de lumière qui éclairent les obsessions de Flaubert : rêves d’ascension ou de chute, passivité, bêtise, fétichisme, sado-masochisme, dont la recherche d’objets, aux multiples accouplements possibles, dessine une forme d’oeuvre et d’herméneutique en éventail, par fragments disjoints, constituant la « machine célibataire Flaubert », dans des conceptualisations du corps sans organes ou de la caresse, plus tard développées par Deleuze et Derrida.
Deise Quintiliano e Roberta Stanke entrevistam EVANILDO BECHARA
Authors: Bechara Evanildo , Quintiliano Deise , Stanke Roberta
Published: March 2024

Evanildo Bechara é Professor Titular e Emérito da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ) e da Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF). Atuou, por décadas, nos cursos de pós-graduação e de aperfeiçoamento para professores universitários e de ensino fundamental e médio oferecidos pelo Liceu Literário Português, de onde é Vice-Presidente Cultural, além de ministrar palestras sobre Educação e Língua Portuguesa em escolas e universidades dentro e fora do país. É membro do Comitê Científico da Associação Internacional dos Colóquios da Lusofonia, como representante da Academia Brasileira de Letras; membro da Comissão Nacional do Brasil junto ao Instituto Internacional de Língua Portuguesa (IILP); membro da Academia Brasileira de Filologia; Sócio correspondente da Academia das Ciências de Lisboa; Doutor honoris causa da Universidade de Coimbra; membro da Société de Linguistique Romane; membro da Academia Brasileira de Letras e da Comissão de Lexicologia e Lexicografia da mesma instituição; e o representante bra­sileiro do Acordo Ortográfico vigente. Recentemente, em sua homenagem, foi instituída pelo Instituto de Letras da UERJ a Cátedra Evanildo Bechara, criada para promover eventos sobre Língua Portuguesa e estudos linguísticos no Brasil e em outros países.
Ponto de Vista de Alunos do Ensino Médio sobre Recursos Didáticos, Sistemas de Automação Residencial e Mapas Conceituais no Processo de Aprendizagem do Conceito de Energia.
Authors: Vale Rodrigues José Jorge , Eniz Conceição Oliveira Eniz
Published: March 2024

Este artigo apresenta parte dos resultados alcançados em um estudo exploratório realizado para verificar inconsistências em um projeto de pesquisa de doutorado em Ensino. A metodologia da pesquisa qualitativa foi organizada seguindo propriedades da Teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa. Os participantes desta pesquisa foram25 alunos do 3º ano do ensino médio técnico federal do Tocantins. Inicialmente os alunos responderam um pré-teste/organizador prévio, desenvolveram as atividades com protótipos de automação residencial, foram orientados quanto à elaboração dos mapas conceituais por meio do software Cmaptools, posteriormente elaboraram os mapas conceituais finais segundo as aulas que tiveram e as atividades que realizaram e concluíram respondendo um questionário de opinião na Plataforma Google Classroom com o intuito de verificar seu ponto de vista a respeito dos recursos didáticos utilizados, sistemas de automação residencial e mapas conceituais no processo de aprendizagem do conceito de energia, que é o foco principal deste artigo. Este trabalho permitiu detectar os principais problemas técnicos que surgiram durante a construção dos protótipos, observar as falhas mais comuns na operacionalidade dos mapas conceituais e execução do software para a elaboração dos mesmos, perceber as principais dificuldades dos alunos em termos de atividades práticas em grupo envolvendo materiais concretos.
USANDO AS FUNÇÕES GAMA E BETA NA SOLUÇÃO EXATA DO PÊNDULO SIMPLES
Authors: Mania Antônio Jamil , Mania Edrian
Published: March 2024

Embora um pêndulo seja algo simples de se construir e se observar, sua análise e exposição em bases teóricas quando não se considera a aproximação MHS, se tornam algo laborioso, de trato difícil, e sem muito material do assunto, exceto em periódicos científicos. Neste trabalho, pretendemos fornecer uma opção de desenvolvimento do cálculo exato do período de um pêndulo, mesmo em grandes amplitudes. O procedimento é feito com o uso das funções gama e beta, as quais estão regularmente inseridas em matérias teóricas de cursos de graduação de ciências exatas, como física e matemática.
EXPERIMENTO DO SISTEMA MASSA-MOLA VERTICAL USANDO ARDUÍNO
Authors: Da Silva da Conceição Osvando , Leyva Cruz Juan Alberto , Souza Ribeiro Milton
Published: March 2024

No presente trabalho apresentamos um estudo experimental sobre o sistema físico massa-mola vertical. Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica sobre as leis físicas envolvidas, especialmente a lei de Hooke e uma descrição da tecnologia Arduino.Uma montagem experimental clássica e outra automatizada usando o microcontrolador Arduino foram construídas. Foram realizados quatro experimentos diferentes, sendo que dois foram de forma automatizada e os últimos de maneira manual. Das análises dos resultados obtidos, podemos concluir que o experimento do sistema massa-mola vertical realizado de maneira automatizada, apresenta vantagem em relação ao experimento realizado manualmente. Está abordagem pode servir de base para os estudos didáticos nos cursos de Física e Engenharias.
DEFINIÇÃO DE ENERGIA LIVRE DE GIBBS EM FONTES
Authors: Jesús Correia Jornandes , Fonseca Guimarães Gabriel
Published: March 2024

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar em fontes didáticas: a definição da Energia Livre de Gibbs; a definição da variação do Potencial de Gibbs; as discussões sobre a conservação do Potencial de Gibbs numa transformação isobárica e isotérmica; e as discussões sobre o valor mínimo ou máximo do Potencial de Gibbs. Este artigo é o resumo dessa análise em livros de texto, em dicionários, em enciclopédias e em sites. A Categoria de Análise está referendada nas abordagens histórica e postulatória das fontes pesquisadas, balizada pelo Silogismo de Aristóteles. Devido à falta de sintonia das definições apresentadas nas fontes pesquisadas, vimos apresentar uma definição para o Potencial de Gibbs, apresentar uma análise das condições da sua variação, da sua conservação, bem como discutir as condições e possibilidades de minimização e de maximização do Potencial de Gibbs. Observamos que a maioria das fontes analisadas apresenta leituras diretas da relação matemática, em detrimento de uma abordagem epistemológica. Entretanto, dada as complexidades inerentes das grandezas potenciais, entendemos que constitui um desafio apresentar uma definição concisa, a exemplo da definição da Energia Interna, da Entalpia, da Entropia e do Potencial de Helmholtz, dentre outras.
A COMPREENSÃO DO CONCEITO DE CIÊNCIA E DE SEU PROGRESSO EM ALUNOS NO INÍCIO DO CURSO DE LICENCIATURA EM CIÊNCIAS DA NATUREZA EM UM CURSO DE EPISTEMOLOGIA
Authors: Rocha Carlos Raphael
Published: March 2024

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar, no decorrer de uma disciplina curricular de epistemologia, como evolui a visão de ciênciae de seu progresso em alunos no início do curso de Licenciatura em Ciências da Natureza – Habilitação em Física do IFSC –Campus Jaraguá do Sul. Um questionário com sete questões acerca da compreensão de temas e termos inerentes ao progressocientífico foi aplicado em dois momentos em dois semestres consecutivos: no início e no final do curso. Após a aplicação doquestionário prévio, realizou-se a leitura de um livro de divulgação científica sobre história da ciência para que os alunospudessem ter alguma noção de história da ciência e não apenas suas concepções prévias. Logo após, as ideias dos principaisepistemólogos sobre ciência, critério de demarcação e progresso científico foram apresentadas aos alunos que, em grupo,buscaram fazer a interpretação das ideias de cada autor com a construção de diagramas Vê. Buscou-se mesclar a apresentaçãode autores tidos como tradicionais das áreas da Física e da Matemática (Popper, Kuhn e Lakatos), com alguns de outras áreas,como Maturana e Mayr, a fim de possibilitar aos alunos a construção de um conceito de ciência sem ficar preso em uma linhaespecífica de pensamento. As respostas dos alunos aos questionários sugerem que a disciplina de epistemologia influenciapositivamente seu pensamento sobre o que é ciência e como ocorre seu desenvolvimento, deixando alguns pré-conceitos delado ao final do curso. Ao final, apresentamos também sugestões para trabalhar a epistemologia e a história da ciência emcursos que não oferecem tais disciplinas regularmente.
Democracy or Minzhu : The Challenge of Western versus East Asian Notions of Good Government
Authors: Helgesen Geir , Xing Li
Published: March 2024

Abstract: In this era of globalization democracy has, as a concept, been universalized ahead of actual democratic experiences in non-Western countries. Democracy and good government is read as the two sides of the coin, and thus, to a large extent, politics has been removed from its societal context. In the authors views it is a fundamental problem that culture is a neglected dimension of development. In this article, where the development in South Korea and China serves as examples of a political modernization process, basic values and norms are seen as the context of political ideas and activities. The point of departure in any political system must be, that it is accepted in relation to the values and mores cherished by the people living in that particular country. What we are searching for is in other words a culturally acceptable mode of governance. Here we present a tentative outline, suggesting that social reciprocity before individual needs and interests is regarded basic in East Asia, but it could possibly as well be perceived of as a common ground in the global democratization process.
Shifting Patterns in Japan’s Economic Cooperation in East Asia: A Growing Role for Local Actors?
Authors: Arase David
Published: March 2024

Abstract: This article draws attention to the nature of the political process promoting economic interdependence among the regions surrounding the Japan Sea. At least in the case of Japan, the process is being carried forward by local authorities (prefectural and municipal governments) and other local actors. To explain this local initiative in international economic cooperation, the article refers to international systemic factors, such as the end of the cold war and globalization, as well as to national factors, i.e., the inability of Tokyo to meet the development demands of localities in the Japan Sea prefectures. At any rate, local initiative, and the gradual progress being made in this economic cooperation process, are at variance with the normal facts associated with Japan’s economic cooperation activity in the postwar period. Economic cooperation has been dominated by the agendas of the central government bureaucracies and big businesses based in Tokyo. The article raises the possibility that what we see in Japan Sea cooperation may be the leading edge of change: the emergence of a new level of cooperation activity where local governments and regional interests set cooperation agendas in dialog with their overseas counterparts. The article then explores some of the implications of such a development for current debates in international relations and comparative politics.
Power Transition and Strategic Stability in East Asia
Authors: Kim Woosang
Published: March 2024

Abstract: Power transition theory explains and predicts major power conflict in the international system. It suggests that war among major powers is most likely when the power of the challenging state and its allies matches up with the power of the dominant state and its allies, and when the challenging powers are dissatisfied with the existing international order. In this paper, I have slightly revised the power transition theory by adding the structural variable, the existence of the sphere of influence in the region, in the theoretical framework and have applied the revised theory to the Northeast Asian regional system. Based on the revised power transition theory, I suggest that power transition between Japan and China during the Cold War period did not accompany war between them because the rigid bipolar Cold War structure suppressed the risk of conflict between them. I argue, however, that conflict in the region is very likely if power transition between Japan and China’ happens again during the post Cold War period. I suggest that the Korea-United States and the United States-Japan alliance relationships should be the main framework for the maintenance of the Northeast Asian regional stability in the 21st century.
The Impact of State Development in Taiwan on Cross-Straits Relations
Authors: Wong Timothy Ka-ying
Published: March 2024

Abstract: This paper analyzes how Taiwan’s democratization in recent years has changed its state structure and how the formation of Taiwan’s new state policy thus resulted has affected the Taiwan-mainland relations. Under democratization, Taiwan has established a libertarian-civic state driven by indigenous popular support, which is radically different from the past one under the KMT authoritarianism. The former emphasizes Taiwan’s autonomy and independence, believing that Taiwan is no longer representative of the whole of China, and unification should hinge upon the evolution of the cross-straits ties. The latter upholds the “one China” principle and sees unification as a necessity. Due to this radical change in state position, Taipei pushes forwards its new state policy to pursue equal recognition in cross-straits relations and pragmatic diplomacy in the international community. However, Beijing suspects that Taipei is attempting to eternalize the cross-straits split, and this suspicion eventually developed into the 1995 cross-straits confrontation in which Beijing resorted to military threats in reaction to Taipei’s changed state policy. Despite this unprecedented cross-straits confrontation, there are several structural factors, including Beijing’s threat of force, Taiwan’s short electoral cycles, Taiwan’s pluralized and localized social and political interests, Taiwan’s heavy economic dependency upon the mainland, the return of Hong Kong to mainland China, and the rising influence of Beijing in the international community, that serves to constrain Taipei from taking an even more radical state position and policy. These structural factors, however, can at most define the structural limits for Taiwan’s state policy-making at the macro-level; they cannot actually resolve the crossstraits conflicts. To resolve the conflicts, both sides across the Taiwan Straits should work together to form a mutually binding agreement that will give Taiwan an objective political status in return for its concrete commitment to unification.
Restructuring the party-State Polity: China’s Political Structural Reform in the 1980s
Authors: Wong Yiu-chung
Published: March 2024

Abstract: Contrary to the widely-held belief that the term “political structural reform” was introduced in the early 1980s, in fact, the term was coined by the Chinese leadership only in the mid-1980s. Before then, the senior Chinese party-state leaders used various terms to denote the reform process in the party-state decision-making machinery and apparatus, such as superstructural reform, party-state leadership reform, and perfecting the socialist political system. Moreover, China’s political structural reform in the 1980s embraced five dimensions, namely democratizing the party-state apparatus and process; arranging for a smooth leadership succession; streamlining and rationalizing the party-state bureaucracy; strengthening the National People’s Congress; and liberalizing intellectual life. The sociopolitical consequences of the reform were tremendous, with the People’s Republic of China (PRC) being transformed from a country of totalistic communist-party control into an authoritarian state with an embyronic civil society. Despite the sweeping reform, the “four cardinal principles” enunciated by Deng Xiaoping in 1979 served as an structural constraint on political structural reform.
Engaging the Past: Australian Politics and the History of Australian-Asian Relations
Authors: Brawley Sean
Published: March 2024

Abstract: In the 1990s, history has emerged as an important area of public contest in Australian politics. Both the political right and the political left have expended considerable efforts and resources in attempts to legitimate their policies through reference to their past achievements or the mistakes of their opponents. One such site of this struggle is the history of Australia’s relationship with the broad Asian region. Since its election in March 1996, the Howard Government has actively resisted the dominant historical interpretation that has portrayed conservative Australian governments of the past as ambivalent, if not positively hostile, to the Asian region. Much of this effort has focused on the lionization of a conservative foreign minister of the 1950s, Richard Casey, and the creation of a so-called “Casey Tradition” in Australian foreign policy. This article examines the means by which the Australian Government has defended the Asian foreign policy efforts of earlier conservative governments in an effort to legitimate its own policies and capabilities, and challenges many of the assertions the government has made in this regard. It concludes that by actively asserting a lineage between the current government’s policies and those of former conservative governments, an image of ambivalence regarding the sincerity of Australian engagement with the broad Asian region is perpetuated.
Two-photon autofluorescence lifetime assay of rabbit photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium during light-dark visual cycles in rabbit retina
Authors: Nguyen Trung Duc , Chen Yuan-I , Nguyen Anh-Thu , Yonas Siem , Sripati Manasa P. , Kuo Yu-An , Hong Soonwoo , Litvinov Mitchell , He Yujie , Yeh Hsin-Chih , Grady Rylander H.
Published: March 2024

Two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) is a powerful technique that enables the examination of intrinsic retinal fluorophores involved in cellular metabolism and the visual cycle. Although previous intensity-based TPEF studies in non-human primates have successfully imaged several classes of retinal cells and elucidated aspects of both rod and cone photoreceptor function, fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) of the retinal cells under light-dark visual cycle has yet to be fully exploited. Here we demonstrate a FLIM assay of photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) that reveals key insights into retinal physiology and adaptation. We found that photoreceptor fluorescence lifetimes increase and decrease in sync with light and dark exposure, respectively. This is likely due to changes in all-trans-retinol and all-trans-retinal levels in the outer segments, mediated by phototransduction and visual cycle activity. During light exposure, RPE fluorescence lifetime was observed to increase steadily over time, as a result of all-trans-retinol accumulation during the visual cycle and decreasing metabolism caused by the lack of normal perfusion of the sample. Our system can measure the fluorescence lifetime of intrinsic retinal fluorophores on a cellular scale, revealing differences in lifetime between retinal cell classes under different conditions of light and dark exposure.
Broadband long-wavelength upconversion in ultra-short nonlinear crystals
Authors: Tidemand-Lichtenberg Peter , Pedersen Christian
Published: March 2024

Since the inception of the second-order nonlinear frequency conversion in 1961, enhancing the inherent low conversion efficiency has been a primary objective. This goal has been successfully accomplished through the utilization of cm-long nonlinear crystals characterized by high quality and nonlinearity, coupled with versatile phase-matching strategies and high-power mixing lasers. However, the reliance on lengthy nonlinear crystals and the necessity for precise phase-matching introduce stringent tolerances on acceptance angles and spectral bandwidths for the interacting fields, thereby constraining its widespread applicability in scientific and industrial domains. This challenge is addressed by combining a broadly tunable ∼5 mW quantum cascade laser operating in the 9.5–12.5 µm range with upconversion detection in ∼100 µm long AGS crystals. Using a tightly focused continuous wave Nd:YVO4 laser with 20 mW output power and spatial filtering of the upconverted beam lead to a SNR of 55 for 50 µs averaging time sufficient for many applications.