bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chinese Multidisciplinary Expert Consensus on Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Based Combination Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2023 Edition)
Authors: Liu Xiufeng , Lu Yinying , Zhou Weiping , Peng Tao , Zhou Jie , Bi Huaqiang , Xia Feng , Chen Xiaoping
Published: January 2024

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based combination therapy modalities for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have achieved significant efficacy in clinical research and practice and have become the mainstay for the treatment of unresectable HCC. Summary: To better help clinicians use combination immunotherapy drugs and regimens rationally, effectively, and safely, the editorial board facilitated a discussion with multidisciplinary experts in the field, adopted the “Delphi” consensus formation method, and finally revised and completed the “Chinese Multidisciplinary Expert Consensus on the Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs)-Based Combination Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2023 Edition)” on the basis of the 2021 edition. Key Messages: This consensus primarily focuses on the principles and methods of clinical practice of combination therapy based on ICIs, aiming to summarize the recommendations for clinical application based on the latest research and expert experience and provide application guidance for clinicians.
Clinical and Molecular Characterization of Mucopolysaccharidosis Type 3A and 3B in a Turkish Series
Authors: Noyan Bilge , Elcioglu Nursel H. , Tebani Abdellah , Bekri Soumeya
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Sanfilippo syndrome or mucopolysaccharidosis type 3 (MPS-3) is a rare condition and its epidemiological data are still not defined. MPS-3 is linked to a deficiency in enzymes involved in heparan sulfate degradation. This biomolecule is neurotoxic and its accumulation underlies the severe central nervous system degeneration observed in this disease. Methods: Here, we describe 15 Turkish patients with MPS-3A or MPS-3B subtypes. Clinical data upon the diagnosis and during the follow-up as well as molecular characterization are reported. Results: Two and ten distinct variants were identified in SGSH and NAGLU gene sequences, respectively. Six variants (NAGLU NM_000263.3:c.532−?_c.764+?del, NAGLU NM_000263.3: c.509G>T, NAGLU NM_000263.3: c.700C>G, NAGLU NM_000263.3:c.507_516 del, NAGLU NM dises_000263.3: c.1354 G>A, NAGLU NM_000263.3: c.200T>C) have been previously published and 6 are novel (SGSH NM_000199.4: c.80T>G, SGSH NM_000199.4: c.7_16del, NAGLU NM_000263.3: c.224_235del, NAGLU NM_000263.3: c.904G>T, NAGLU NM_000263.3: c.626C>T, NAGLU NM_000263.3: c.1241A>G). SGSH NM_000199.4:c.7_16del variation might be caused by a founder effect. Conclusion: Due to the high rate of consanguinity in Turkey, the incidence of Sanfilippo syndrome might be higher compared to other populations worldwide. Our results contribute to the characterization of rare diseases in Turkey and to improve our knowledge of the clinical, molecular, and epidemiological aspects of MPS-3 disease.
Alteration of Thyroid Hormones in Mouse Models of Alzheimer’s Disease and Aging
Authors: Zhu Siyuan , Pang Yidan , Zhang Xiangwei , Yang Chunying , Gao Junjie , Fang Ping , Zhang Yaohui , Yao Yunjin , Ju Fangyu , Ye Fang , Zhu Hongyi , Liao Peng , Yao Lufeng , Dai Lulu , Xu Jun , Wu Bo , Pan Jun , Wu Yijun
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Aging is characterized by the deterioration of a wide range of functions in tissues and organs, and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive impairment. Hypothyroidism occurs when there is insufficient production of thyroid hormones (THs) by the thyroid. The relationship between hypothyroidism and aging as well as AD is controversial at present. Methods: We established an animal model of AD (FAD4T) with mutations in the APP and PSEN1 genes, and we performed a thyroid function test and RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) of the thyroid from FAD4T and naturally aging mice. We also studied gene perturbation correlation in the FAD4T mouse thyroid, bone marrow, and brain by further single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data of the bone marrow and brain. Results: In this study, we found alterations in THs in both AD and aging mice. RNA-seq data showed significant upregulation of T-cell infiltration- and cell proliferation-related genes in FAD4T mouse thyroid. In addition, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses revealed that upregulated genes were enriched in the functional gene modules of activation of immune cells. Downregulated energy metabolism-related genes were prominent in aging thyroids, which reflected the reduction in THs. GSEA showed a similar enrichment tendency in both mouse thyroids, suggesting their analogous inflammation state. In addition, the regulation of leukocyte activation and migration was a common signature between the thyroid, brain, and bone marrow of FAD4T mice. Conclusions: Our findings identified immune cell infiltration of the thyroid as the potential underlying mechanism of the alteration of THs in AD and aging.
Retinal Pigment Epithelial Adenoma: Initial Treatment Outcomes following Episcleral Brachytherapy
Authors: Fayed Alaa E. , Swaify Islam Y. , Khattab Ayman M. , Macky Tamer A. , Hassanein Dina H. , Salah Shaymaa H. , Abdullatif Abdussalam M. , Noureldine Alia M. , Fadel Mariam R. , Helmy Youssef A.H. , Elnahry Ayman G. , Meqdad Yasmine A. , Yesiltas Yagmur S. , Singh Arun D. , Hamza Hany
Published: January 2024

Introduction: We aim to explore the safety and efficacy of episcleral brachytherapy as a primary management option for eyes with retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) adenoma. Methods: Retrospective chart review of the demographic, clinical, ancillary, and postoperative outcome data of patients with RPE adenoma in 2 tertiary referral centers. Tumor regression, final visual acuity, and complications were assessed. Results: Five patients (3 females and 2 males) were included. Four of the 5 eyes had peripheral and mid-peripheral lesions, while one tumor was juxtapapillary. Three eyes were treated with ruthenium-106 (100 Gray), and 2 received iodine-125 episcleral plaques (85 Gray). All eyes showed clinical and imaging-based evidence of regression. Four eyes had stable or improved visual acuity, while 1 eye exhibited one line loss of visual acuity due to radiation retinopathy. Local recurrence was not observed in any eye over a median follow-up of 24 (range 6–112) months. Conclusions: Episcleral brachytherapy is an effective management option for select cases of RPE adenoma that is capable of achieving tumor regression while maintaining favorable visual acuity. The initial safety profile of brachytherapy is good without significant vision-compromising complications.
Cardiorenal Interactions in Acute Heart Failure; Renal Proximal Tubules in the Spotlight
Authors: Kazory Amir , Ronco Claudio , Koratala Abhilash
Published: January 2024

Background: The maladaptive neurohormonal activation, an integral mechanism in the pathophysiology of heart failure (HF) and cardiorenal syndrome, has a profound impact on renal sodium handling. Congestion is the primary reason for hospitalization of patients with HF and the main target of therapy. As sodium is the main determinant of extracellular volume, the goal is to enhance urinary sodium excretion in order to address excess fluid. The interventions to increase natriuresis have conventionally been focused on distal nephron as the primary segment that counterbalances the effects of loop diuretics.
Summary: Recent developments in the field of cardiorenal medicine have resulted in a shift of attention to renal proximal tubules (e.g., emerging evidence on proximal tubular dysfunction beyond handling of sodium). Herein, we discuss the three main mechanisms of sodium transport in the proximal tubules with emphasis on their intrinsic links to one another as well as to more distal transporters of sodium. Then, we provide an overview of the findings of the most recent clinical studies that have tried to enhance the conventional decongestive strategies through simultaneous blockade of these mechanisms.
Key Message: Interventions aiming at renal proximal tubules have the potential to significantly improve our ability to decongest patients with acute HF.
Application of Lipid Apheresis in Acute Lipogenic Pancreatitis
Authors: Yu Yan , Yuan Fang , Song Pan'ai , Sun Cuifang , Xiong Hao , Song Jie
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Recently, the incidence of hypertriglyceridemia-associated pancreatitis (HTG-AP) has been increasing. The pathogenesis of lipogenic pancreatitis is not fully understood. This study aimed to retrospectively analyze the laboratory data, clinical manifestations, and prognosis of patients with lipid-derived pancreatitis who received lipid purification, to explore whether lipid purification is a better treatment for acute hyperlipidemic pancreatitis. Methods: In this study, we enrolled five subjects diagnosed with HTG-AP at the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University between 2021 and 2022. We collected demographic data, medical histories, clinical manifestations, and laboratory data. All patients received routine therapy. Blood lipid purification was conducted using the double filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP) method. Plasma was separated from blood cells and purified to remove cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). SPSS was used for statistical analyses. Results: Following a single lipoprotein apheresis (LA) treatment, significant improvements in serum lipid levels were observed. Three patients achieved triglyceride levels below 5.65 mmol/L within 24 h, while the remaining 2 patients experienced reductions of 82% and 78%, respectively. The average triglyceride level decreased from 36.82 to 7.27 mmol/L, representing an 80% reduction from baseline. Total cholesterol decreased by 59% on average, and LDL levels decreased by 69%. Statistically significant differences were observed in triglyceride and cholesterol levels before and after treatment. Four patients exhibited increased HDL levels posttreatment, while 1 patient showed a decrease. The average HDL/TC level was 21% higher after treatment. Conclusion: LA in HTG-AP effectively improves clinical symptoms, rapidly lowers lipid levels, and achieves good therapeutic outcomes.
A extrema direita hoje de Cass Mudde: um guia para compreender o radicalismo de direita
Authors: Mayer Rodrigo
Published: January 2024

Compreender o crescimento e naturalização da extrema direita nos dias atuais é o principal objetivo de Cass Mudde no livro A extrema direita hoje. O autor refaz a trajetória do radicalismo de direita de 1945 até os dias atuais, identificando quatro ondas (enfraquecimento após a segunda guerra mundial, reação as elites e a minorias, entrada nos parlamentos e naturalização) radicais. A extrema direita não é apresentada como um grupo unitário, mas heterogêneo que apresenta semelhanças e diferenças entre suas agendas (com destaque para questões de gênero, imigração, corrupção e segurança pública), atividades, causas, estratégias, integrantes e organização. A partir de uma análise histórica o autor argumenta que não existe uma única causa para explicar consolidação e naturalização do radicalismo de direita nos dias atuais, mas uma série de acontecimentos, alguns isolados, outros interligados que nos ajudam a compreender as causas de seu surgimento, fortalecimento e como combater o autoritarismo de direita.
Projetos interamericanos e a coleção latino-americana do MoMA
Authors: Silveira Mariana Silva
Published: January 2024

Em “A formação da coleção latino-americana no MoMA” Eustáquio Ornelas Cota Jr. relaciona política e cultura pela análise da formação da coleção latino-americana e de seu catálogo no Museum of Modern Art de Nova York - EUA. O doutor em História da Arte, Cultura e Política nas Américas (2022) pela Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas (FFLCH-USP) explica nos três capítulos publicados em 2019 como a coleção de arte iniciada em 1935 reafirma rótulos e cria marcos interpretativos ao propor uma visão comparativa de arte “do outro” com a estadunidense. Situado no contexto histórico da política norte-americana de boa vizinhança (Good Neighbor Policy), que pretendeu criar relações amistosas entre os países do continente americano, o museu favorece composições que afirmam uma homogeneização do latino-americano e que valorizam os artistas mexicanos e artistas independentes de vinculações políticas explícitas.
Inclusão social de adolescentes em situação de pobreza em um Instituto Federal: uma perspectiva psicanalítica
Authors: Souza Luísa Meirelles de , Legnani Viviane Neves , Almeida Sandra Francesca Conte de
Published: January 2024

A inclusão de estudantes em situação de pobreza nas instituições de ensino é uma necessidade diante das trajetórias marcadas pelo fracasso escolar. Partimos da aposta de que uma maior atenção aos laços sociais no interior das escolas é um dos elementos-chave para uma efetiva inclusão social/educacional. Esta pesquisa buscou demonstrar os processos de exclusão/inclusão de adolescentes em situação de pobreza em um Instituto Federal por meio do estudo de casos múltiplos. Os dados foram analisados mediante a leitura dirigida pela escuta e pela transferência, na perspectiva da teoria freudo-lacaniana. Os resultados apontaram que a inclusão social/educacional, quando atravessada pelo discurso do capitalista, é dificultada devido ao caráter segregador desse discurso, ao passo que a sustentação do discurso do analista no ambiente educacional favorece a inclusão social e educacional.
Corps d’adolescents et fonction du regard
Authors: Tissot Pascaline
Published: January 2024

Cet article met en perspective la question du regard et le processus de subjectivation adolescent. Que veut dire voir et être vu lors de ce moment si particulier de l’existence qu’est l’adolescence ? Suite aux métamorphoses de la puberté, la question du regard sur un corps qui se transforme et échappe au sujet peut être source d’angoisse et amène parfois l’adolescent à le cacher ou à l’exhiber. À partir de monographies rédigées au cours de sa pratique professionnelle d’enseignante d’éducation physique et sportive au lycée, l’auteure revisite les trois temps de la pulsion scopique pour comprendre les difficultés qu’ont les adolescents à retisser un imaginaire percuté par le réel de l’irruption pubertaire.
E-cycle: sistema seletor de recicláveis
Authors: Araujo Eduardo Milanez , Marques Miguel Oliveira Passos Figueiras , Paula Vítor Viana de
Published: January 2024

O processo de seleção de materiais recicláveis envolve a identificação e classificação de materiais de acordo com sua característica e sua condução até seus respectivos recipientes. Para automatizar esse processo, pensou-se em um sistema de esteira transportadora que, com a presença de sensores, direciona o resíduo para seu respectivo coletor. A solução permite que esse processo de classificação de materiais presente em campos voltados para a sustentabilidade, como a reciclagem, seja otimizado e também que o trabalho humano envolvido nessa etapa seja dotado de maior inclusão. Como há emprego de mão de obra, trata-se de um sistema que não é totalmente independente. Considerando o sistema completo com todas as sub redes de intertravamentos, tem-se um total de 22 entradas e 11 saídas controladas e o processo será modelado utilizando a metodologia Production Flow Schema (PFS) para obtenção de uma rede de Petri (RdP), apresentada no formato de rede interpretada, associando sinais de entrada às transições e saídas aos lugares. O modelo de controle será validado através da verificação de boas propriedades de RdP utilizando um software como ferramenta e do comportamento da rede em termos dos estados alcançados ao longo de uma simulação. Para programação do controlador será utilizado Ladder, com a lógica do processo dada pela disposição vertical de rungs, obtidos através da conversão da rede de Petri por isomorfismo. Por fim, comparou-se os comportamentos observados na rede de Petri e no Ladder desse sistema para avaliar a coerência do mesmo e os resultados foram alinhados com o esperado.
Um Estudo Conceitual Acerca da Automatização dos Restaurantes Universitários da USP
Authors: Almeida Gabriel Dias de , Cursino Gabriel Morth , Mendes Iago Baldim
Published: January 2024

Foi realizado um estudo conceitual para a automação dos "Bandejões" da USP com a finalidade de reduzir as filas. O estudo foi realizado usando as metodologias de Production Flow Scheme e Rede de Petri. Tal modelo, que contém 13 entradas e 8 saídas, foi verificado com a árvore de alcançabilidade e traduzido para a linguagem de programação Ladder de acordo com a norma IEC 61131-3.
Coronary Artery Calcification: Current Concepts and Clinical Implications
Authors: Onnis Carlotta , Virmani Renu , Kawai Kenji , Nardi Valentina , Lerman Amir , Cademartiri Filippo , Scicolone Roberta , Boi Alberto , Congiu Terenzio , Faa Gavino , Libby Peter , Saba Luca
Published: January 2024

Coronary artery calcification (CAC) accompanies the development of advanced atherosclerosis. Its role in atherosclerosis holds great interest because the presence and burden of coronary calcification provide direct evidence of the presence and extent of coronary artery disease; furthermore, CAC predicts future events independently of concomitant conventional cardiovascular risk factors and to a greater extent than any other noninvasive biomarker of this disease. Nevertheless, the relationship between CAC and the susceptibility of a plaque to provoke a thrombotic event remains incompletely understood. This review summarizes the current understanding and literature on CAC. It outlines the pathophysiology of CAC and reviews laboratory, histopathological, and genetic studies, as well as imaging findings, to characterize different types of calcification and to elucidate their implications. Some patterns of calcification such as microcalcification portend increased risk of rupture and cardiovascular events and may improve prognosis assessment noninvasively. However, contemporary computed tomography cannot assess early microcalcification. Limited spatial resolution and blooming artifacts may hinder estimation of degree of coronary artery stenosis. Technical advances such as photon counting detectors and combination with nuclear approaches (eg, NaF imaging) promise to improve the performance of cardiac computed tomography. These innovations may speed achieving the ultimate goal of providing noninvasively specific and clinically actionable information.
Design and Feasibility Analysis of a Smartphone‐Based Digital Cognitive Assessment Study in the Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Sunderaraman Preeti , De Anda‐Duran Ileana , Karjadi Cody , Peterson Julia , Ding Huitong , Devine Sherral A. , Shih Ludy C. , Popp Zachary , Low Spencer , Hwang Phillip H. , Goyal Kriti , Hathaway Lindsay , Monteverde Jose , Lin Honghuang , Kolachalama Vijaya B. , Au Rhoda
Published: January 2024

Background

Smartphone‐based digital technology is increasingly being recognized as a cost‐effective, scalable, and noninvasive method of collecting longitudinal cognitive and behavioral data. Accordingly, a state‐of‐the‐art 3‐year longitudinal project focused on collecting multimodal digital data for early detection of cognitive impairment was developed.

Methods and Results

A smartphone application collected 2 modalities of cognitive data, digital voice and screen‐based behaviors, from the FHS (Framingham Heart Study) multigenerational Generation 2 (Gen 2) and Generation 3 (Gen 3) cohorts. To understand the feasibility of conducting a smartphone‐based study, participants completed a series of questions about their smartphone and app use, as well as sensory and environmental factors that they encountered while completing the tasks on the app. Baseline data collected to date were from 537 participants (mean age=66.6 years, SD=7.0; 58.47% female). Across the younger participants from the Gen 3 cohort (n=455; mean age=60.8 years, SD=8.2; 59.12% female) and older participants from the Gen 2 cohort (n=82; mean age=74.2 years, SD=5.8; 54.88% female), an average of 76% participants agreed or strongly agreed that they felt confident about using the app, 77% on average agreed or strongly agreed that they were able to use the app on their own, and 81% on average rated the app as easy to use.

Conclusions

Based on participant ratings, the study findings are promising. At baseline, the majority of participants are able to complete the app‐related tasks, follow the instructions, and encounter minimal barriers to completing the tasks independently. These data provide evidence that designing and collecting smartphone application data in an unsupervised, remote, and naturalistic setting in a large, community‐based population is feasible.
The Microeconomic Consequences of the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Altinay Mehmet , Altinay Fahriye , Dagli Gokmen , Altinay Zehra
Published: January 2024

The Covid-19 pandemic resulted in quarantine measures, decreased consumer and investor confidence and a loss of workforce, which adversely affected the world economy. The resultant sharp decline in world stock markets and deteriorating supply chains negatively affected businesses. Since students are the employees of the future, the aim of this study was to examine the evaluations by students of the effects of Covid-19 on the micro economy, at individual, household and company levels. There were 60 participants in the study group, all of them African students at the University of Kyrenia, who were asked to evaluate the pandemic’s effects on microeconomic units in their home countries. Students who had enrolled in microeconomics courses in various disciplines were chosen because of knowing the topic better than other students. The snowball sampling method was employed in the selection of the participants. Semi-structured interviews were held one on one and the data was analysed. The findings show that individual poverty increased by at least two times, unemployment rose as a result of the pandemic, and people, families and companies faced financial hardship.
Thermal heterogeneity in a Mediterranean pond: perspectives for the thermal biology of amphibian larvae
Authors: Reques Ricardo , Camacho Agustín
Published: January 2024

In Mediterranean climates, amphibian larvae often occupy temporary ponds where they must avoid deleterious temperatures and develop before these ponds dry out. We measured thermal heterogeneity in one of these ponds and discussed its relationship with development time and thermal tolerance in three observed species. We found large daily thermoclines that may reach 14°C and persist into the early evening. To our knowledge, this is the first time that such a large degree of thermal heterogeneity has been reported in temporary ponds. Thus, we raise hypotheses linking thermoregulation, habitat use, and growth that Mediterranean amphibian larvae, or other aquatic larvae inhabiting water bodies with strong thermoclines, might exhibit. We argue that studies on thermoregulation of larvae are badly needed to help us understand the responses of Mediterranean amphibians to global warming.
Maize meal (posho) served at selected boarding schools in western Uganda is highly contaminated with aflatoxins
Authors: Oyesigye E. , Nkurunungi J.B. , Mlahagwa W. , Raymond A. , Mahuku G. , Medina A.
Published: January 2024

The study aimed to evaluate food handling practices and assess the maize-bean supply chain in selected boarding schools of western Uganda. Additionally, it sought to determine the extent of aflatoxin exposure in the maize-bean meal consumed by students within the age range of 5 to 24. A cross-sectional study was conducted in two districts of Bushenyi and Sheema to gather 95 samples (31 beans, 32 maize flour, and 32 cooked maize flour-posho). In addition, 262 individual interviews were conducted. The findings revealed that only 9.38% of the schools store food as per World Health Organisation standards. The majority of schools (57.9%) purchase maize flour and beans from any stockist with no contractual obligations (random supplier), and all the 32 schools base on visual parameters, especially white colour, and smell to rule out aflatoxin contamination. Maize flour stored on the ground registered significantly (P = 0.0018) higher levels (54.3 ± 10.1 μg/kg) of total aflatoxins than that stored on a raised platform (14.7 ± 2.6 μg/kg). Likewise, the supplier significantly influenced total aflatoxins levels (P = 0.0064), with higher levels (44.6 ± 8.0 μg/kg) detected in maize flour supplied by a random supplier than a pre-qualified one (14.7 ± 2.6 μg/kg). Given the low levels (1.3 to 2.8 μg/kg), which are far less than the Maximum Tolerated Limit (MTL) of 10 μg/kg, aflatoxins do not pose a significant problem in beans. Aflatoxins exposure in younger children (5-12 years) was higher (61.5 ng/kg bw/day) than in older ones (13-24 years; 41.5 ng/kg bw/day). Similarly, the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma was greater in younger children (1.84 cases per 100,000 people) compared to older ones (1.24 cases per 100,000 people). The findings underscore an urgent need to formulate guidelines for procurement, storage, and food handling in schools, alongside intensifying inspection programmes for food handling. Additionally, there is need to expand the research scope by incorporating a greater number of schools from varied geographical areas within Uganda, while rigorously monitoring the entirety of the food supply chain.
Ad-hoc Security Initiatives in Africa: a New Type of Security Community?
Authors: Prah Andrea
Published: January 2024

Specific transnational security challenges in the Lake Chad Basin (lcb), the Sahel, and parts of Central Africa have necessitated a collective response in the form of ad-hoc security initiatives (asi s). These asi s represent distinct structures and operations which could be viewed in contrast to the United Nations (UN) or African Union (au) peacekeeping operations, Regional Economic Communities (rec s) interventions or even other collective security approaches further afield such as, the North-American Treaty Organization (nato) or Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (osce). The asi s are therefore a display of a unique arrangement which warrants serious discussion within international relations theory. Through an analysis of the rci-lra, mnjtf and the G5 Sahel Joint Force, this paper seeks to examine whether these asi s can be identified as security communities using the conceptual framework initiated by Emmanuel Adler and Michael Barnett (1998). A careful examination of the task forces finds that while the asi s display convincing degrees of mutual trust and a collective identity – some defining features of a security community, its overall compatibility is limited by its inability to guarantee the expectation of peaceful change for citizens, based on its purely militarized approach. In addition, the asi s have not demonstrated the ability to operate independently from external sources of funding, which has the potential to influence dynamics within the arrangement. However, this discussion does point to useful ideas on how the framework of security communities needs to consider the complexity of contemporary conflicts in defining expectations of peaceful change.
Countering Terrorism through Peace Support Operations, Lessons from the African Union Mission in Somalia
Authors: Tadesse Bitania
Published: January 2024

The African Union (au) has responded to the political and security crisis in Somalia by deploying the au Mission in Somalia (amisom) in 2007. The amisom was au’s largest and the most complex peace support operation and one of its strategic objectives became degrading Al-Shabaab and reducing the threat posed by terrorist groups. While amisom has contributed to reducing the territorial spread of the group, over the past 16 years, it has at a heavy cost of counterterrorism operations deployed in extremely risky conditions, resulting in high cost of human life. Drawing on some of the lessons of amisom, this paper examines the effectiveness and sustainability of African-led Peace Support Operations in countering terrorism. The paper illustrates some of the shortfalls of military heavy response and makes the case for a conceptual framework (comprehensive approach), for dealing with the threat of terrorism in Somalia driven by a number of underlying political, economic and social factors. Finally, the paper reflects on how amisom has shaped continental policies and responses to insecurity.
A catalog of the Chamaemyiidae of Chile (Diptera: Lauxanioidea)
Authors: GAIMARI STEPHEN D. , GONZÁLEZ CHRISTIAN R. , ELGUETA MARIO
Published: January 2024

A catalog of the Chamaemyiidae of Chile is provided. We present all valid names and synonyms for the 14 species and eight genera and subgenera distributed in the country, including information about name, author, year of publication, page number, type-species, type depository, type locality and references. The chamaemyiid fauna of Chile is small, with the largest genus, Ortalidina Blanchard having only five species. Species of the subgenus Xenoleucopis Malloch of the genus Leucopis Meigen (even if referred to only as “sp.”) are the most cited due to their apparent potential as biological control agents, or the many works recording their biology. The geographical distribution of the different species was compiled from bibliographic data and revised collections.
Description of Neoperla philippinensis sp. nov. confirmed using integrative taxonomy and some notes on Neoperla oculata Banks, 1924 (Plecoptera: Perlidae)
Authors: PELINGEN ARTHIEN LOVELL
Published: January 2024

I re-examine the assumed phenotypic variable Neoperla oculata Banks, 1924 (Plecoptera, Perlidae) and describe Neoperla philippinensis sp. nov. All material examined herein are collections from the Mindanao region, of which supplementary information were provided including COI mtDNA accessions, female adult associations, and egg morphology characterization.
Redescription and first Japanese seamount record of Stethopristes eos (Zeiformes; Parazenidae)
Authors: KOEDA KEITA , SADO TETSUYA , HATA HARUTAKA , FUJIWARA YOSHIHIRO
Published: January 2024

During a biodiversity survey conducted in 2020, focusing on seamounts located in the southern region of Japan, specifically designated as marine protected areas, a single specimen of Stethopristes eos Gilbert, 1905 measuring 124.2 mm in standard length was obtained via the use of a remotely operated vehicle (ROV). The collection occurred at a depth of 519 meters on the Ritto Seamount, located along the western Mariana Ridge. However, this species is poorly known, with only a limited dataset available concerning its morphology. In this study, we present a comprehensive redescription of the species, utilizing information obtained from the type specimens and a newly discovered specimen from Japanese waters. The Japanese specimen constitutes the first recorded occurrence of this species within the western Pacific Ocean. As part of this redescription, we suggest new standard Japanese names for both the genus and species.
Introduction
Authors: Dobbs-Allsopp F. W.
Published: January 2024

The Introduction sets out the book’s main preoccupations, and provides brief overviews of the component chapters. The central idea pressed throughout, stated most succinctly, is that the KJB’s influence was consequential for many of the leading elements of Whitman’s mature poetic style. Whitman’s signature long lines, the prevalence of parallelism and the “free” rhythms it helps create, the prosiness and tendency towards parataxis, aspects of diction and phrasing, and the decidedly lyrical bent of the entire project are all directly indebted to the KJB. These characteristics emerge in the immediate run-up to the 1855 Leaves and come into full bloom in that volume and in its subsequent editions.
Punica granatum Peel Extract, Nano Chitosan, and Er: YAG on Canal Disinfection Against E. faecalis and Extrusion Bond Strength of Fiber Post to Radicular Dentin
Authors: Niazi Fayez Hussain , Luddin Norhayati , Abdelrahim Rawa , Aljuailan Roqayah Ibrahim , Ansary Nisren , Alanzi Maram Ibrahim , Althaqil Raghad Nasser , Samran Abdulaziz
Published: January 2024

Objectives: Canal disinfectants (Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCI), Nano chitosan (NCS), Pomegranate peel extract (PPE), Er: YAG against E. faecalis and push out bond strength (PBS) of fiber reinforced composite (FRC) post to radicular dentin. Methods: Canals were prepared
followed by obturation. Canal filling was performed up to 9 mm. Forty teeth were incubated with E. faecalis. The included specimens were allocated into 4 groups based on the irrigation. Group 1:2.5% NaOCl +17% EDTA, Group 2: Er: YAG +17% EDTA, Group 3: NCS +17% EDTA and Group 4: PPE
+17% EDTA. E. faecalis survival rate was determined on the incubated samples. FRC post-bonding was performed on forty specimens and sectioned horizontally. PBS and failure mode analysis were performed using a UTM and stereomicroscope. Statistical tests were used to compare the means
of PBS and the survival rate of E. faecalis. Results: Group 1 samples exhibited the minimum survival rate of E. faecalis. The highest survival rate was demonstrated by Group 4. The coronal third of Group 1 unveiled the maximum values of PBS. The apical section of Group 2 specimens
showed the minimum bond integrity scores. Conclusion: Nano Chitosan proved to be potent as a canal disinfectant because it displayed antimicrobial efficacy against E. faecalis and PBS of fiber-reinforced composite post comparable to that of sodium hypochlorite.
The Impact of Riboflavin, Nd: YAG Laser, and Ceramic Primer Pretreatment on Surface Roughness, Bond Failure, and Adhesive Strength of Resin Composite to Lithium Disilicate Ceramics: A Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Analysis
Authors: Basunbul Ghadeer Islem , Alzahrani Khaled M. , Almutairi Basil , Alsunbul Hanan , Abduljabbar Tariq
Published: January 2024

Aim: Adhesive bond integrity and surface roughness (Ra) of LDS ceramics following the application of various surface treatments. Material and Method: Forty disks of LDS ceramics were prepared and randomly distributed into different groups based on the method of pretreatment.
Group 1: HF (hydrofluoric acid) + S (Silane), Group 2: RFP (riboflavin photosensitizer) S, Group 3: SECP (selfetch ceramic primer and Group 4: Nd: YAG laser. Following conditing LDS ceramic was assessed for Ra and Scanning electron micrographs. All LDS ceramics were bonded and the strength
of the resin-ceramic interface was tested using a universal testing machine. The debonded samples were examined under a stereomicroscope. The failure modes were categorized as cohesive, admixed, and adhesive interfaces. Ra and bond integrity values were tested using, two-way ANOVA,
and Tukey post hoc tests. (p = 0.05). Results: The highest Ra and bond values were exhibited by samples pretreated using HF + S. Nevertheless, group 2 (RFP + S) demonstrated the lowest bond integrity (12.37 ± 1.98 MPa). No significant differences in the bond integrity
outcomes between group 1, group 3 (SECP), and group 4 (Nd: YAG laser + S) (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Nd: YAG and SECP have the potential to be used as an LDS ceramic conditioner alternative to HFA for adequate bond scores.
Continuing Bonds in Marriage, Death and Divorce: Conceptual and Clinical Considerations in the Relationship to Self and Spouse
Authors: Rubin Simon Shimshon , Manevich Alexander , Yehene Einat
Published: January 2024

The shift from the detachment model of mourning to the continuing bonds paradigm in bereavement placed relationships to the deceased alongside relationships to the living. This emphasis on the continuation of the connection to the other person after death paradoxically narrowed the gap between relationships in life and after death. We explore and expand the concept of continuing bonds as it is now used in the field of loss and bereavement by comparing spousal relationships in the living, deceased and divorced. The Two-Track Model of Loss and Bereavement is a framework and clinical paradigm that clarifies similarities and differences in these three pair-bond relationships. The focus on continuing bonds adds and deepens theory, clinical and research aspects of assessing spousal relationship for the living as well as the bereaved and divorced.
Understanding the dynamics of hybrid seed adoption among smallholder chilli farmers in Indonesia
Authors: Sayekti Apri Laila , Hasibuan Abdul Muis , Stringer Randy , Zeng Di
Published: January 2024

In the realm of agricultural research, considerable attention has been directed toward the adoption of hybrid seeds; however, the evolution of adoption behaviors over time remains an area of limited comprehension. This study contributes to the existing literature by elucidating the determinants that underlies the dynamic of hybrid seed adoption among smallholder chilli farmers in Indonesia. By categorizing adoption into four distinct phases—non-adoption, late-adoption, continual-adoption, and dis-adoption—a nuanced understanding of the phenomenon is sought. Leveraging a two-period panel dataset encompassing chilli farmers, we employ a multinomial logit model to explicate the dynamic adoption behaviors exhibited by these farmers. Our empirical findings bring to light a notable divergence in the variables associated with continual-adoption as opposed to those linked with late-adoption. This distinction underscores the heterogeneous nature of adopters and emphasizes the need for tailored strategies for each category. Specifically, we unearth a positive correlation between membership in a farmer's group and the propensity for continual-adoption, concurrently mitigating the likelihood of non-adoption. The implications drawn from our study underscore the intricate nature of adoption stages, thereby providing valuable insights to inform the design of targeted adoption policies that cater to the distinct strategies required for varying adoption categories.
Numerical study on the three-dimensional flow of water film on the outer surface of the hollow stationary blade
Authors: Chen Yang , Zhao Yujuan , Zhang Xiaodan , Cao Yanhao , Li Liang
Published: January 2024

In order to figure out the influence of water film on the performance of the turbomachinery, understand the mechanism of the interaction between the high-speed airflow and the water film in turbomachinery, and provide a reference for the design of the subsequent experiments and hollow stationary blade water removal by heating. The commercial software FLUENT with the Eulerian Wall Films model is used to establish a solution method for simulating the flow of water film on the blade. The accuracy of the solution method is verified by comparing it with the results of the water film thickness experiment on the surface of the plate. The distribution of the water film on the outer surface of the vane as well as the influence of the water film on the mainstream field are numerically studied in the condition of the wet steam mainstream. The results show that the gradient of water film thickness on the pressure surface is relatively gentle and is along the radial direction. The gradient of water film thickness on the suction side is along the axial direction, and the value is larger; There is a V-shaped water film agglomeration area on the suction surface near the trailing edge where the water film thickness is greater than 45.7 μm; The top areas on both the suction side and pressure side produce a local water film agglomeration area with the dual effect of the secondary flow and the centrifugal force of the mainstream; The water film flow on the blade surface has little influence of the steam velocity and the speed of the mainstream. The increase of local pressure on the surface leads to an increase in the pressure of the adjacent mainstream areas.
Initiation Rate of First-hour Breastfeeding in Healthy Term and Near Term Babies: Outcome Assessment After Quality Improvement Methods in Secondary Care District Hospital
Authors: Gedam D Sharad , Prajapati Rajanya , Verma Mamta
Published: January 2024

Objective

To improve the rate of first-hour breastfeeding in term and near-term healthy neonates by a quality improvement (QI) study at Secondary Care District Hospital.

Design

QI study.

Setting

Labor room-operation theatre of a secondary care district hospital.

Participants

Stable newborns ≥35 weeks of gestation born by normal vaginal delivery and by cesarean section under spinal anesthesia.

Procedure

A team of nurses, pediatricians, obstetricians, and anesthetists analyzed possible reasons for delayed initiation of breastfeeding by flow chart and Fishbone analysis. Various change ideas were tested through sequential Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles.

Outcome measure

Proportion of eligible babies breastfed within 1 hour of delivery.

Results

The rate of first-hour initiation of breastfeeding increased from 69% to 88% in normal vaginal deliveries and from 17% to 61% in the cesarian section over the study period, which were sustained up to 80% in normal vaginal deliveries (NVD) and 55% in lower segment cesarean section.

Conclusions

A QI approach was able to accomplish sustained improvement in first-hour breastfeeding rates in normal and cesarean deliveries.
Global, Regional, and National Incidence Trend Analysis of Malignant Skin Melanoma Between 1990 and 2019, and Projections Until 2034
Authors: Yuan Jin , Li Xiaoyang , Yu Shengji
Published: January 2024

Background

The goal of this study was to evaluate the global burden of malignant skin melanoma (MSM) from 1990 to 2019 using MSM-related data from the Global Burden of Disease study.

Methods

The incidences’ relationships with the social-demographic index (SDI) and human developmental index (HDI) were investigated. To determine significant changes in incidence trends, the joinpoint regression model was used. To demonstrate trends in MSM mortality rates, an Age-Period-Cohort framework was conducted. For the projection of new cases and the age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) of MSM incidence to 2034, the Nordpred method was used.

Results

In 2019, the ASR incidence per 100, 000 people for MSM was 3.6 (95% UI, 2.6–4.2). MSM prevalence increased in most countries between 1990 and 2019 (average annual percentage change >0). HDI and annual percentage change (APC) (ρ = .63, P < .001), as well as SDI and ASR, had a positive correlation. The total MSM mortality rate declined globally, with an APC of −.61%. Likewise, the mortality rate for the age group of people with ages <77.5 years declined. Predictive analysis demonstrated a declining trend in ASR incidence and a growing number of MSM.

Conclusion

There are significant differences in ASR incidence among regions and countries. Despite decreases in ASR incidence and fatality, MSM remains one of the leading sources of cancer mortality and morbidity globally. MSM necessitates more primary prevention measures and screening in high-risk areas.
What My Music Says About Me: Re-evaluating the ‘Badge’ Function of Music in the Context of Streaming
Authors: Gagne Juliette P.
Published: January 2024

This article re-evaluates Simon Frith’s hypothesis that music serves as a badge for youth identity, based on 15 qualitative interviews with young people aged 17–19 conducted in the fall of 2021. Our findings point to changes in the representation of self through music, as musical preferences are too closely tied to unique identity pathways to provide quick and reliable information about the self to others. Behind this shift, we identify an interplay between the increased accessibility and mobility of music, facilitated by new technological means and a context of increased concern among young people for the construction of their identity. This article highlights the changing nature of musical preferences and their role in self-presentation through music and aims to open up further research on this topic.
Optimizing daylighting in lecture halls within hot-arid climates through modification of glazing systems with light-shelves: A parametric design approach
Authors: Qahtan Abdultawab M. , Bahdad Ali Ahmed Salem , Al-Tamimi Nedhal , Syed Fadzil Sharifah Fairuz
Published: January 2024

This study focused on enhancing the balance between sufficient daylighting and heat mitigation in lecture halls, set within the challenging hot-arid climate of Saudi Arabia, through the optimization of window designs and the incorporation of light-shelves. To achieve this, a combination of in-detail Parametric Sensitivity Analyses (PSA) was performed in the first stage to find the best configuration of windows, while a multi-objective optimization (MOO) strategy was applied in the second stage considering multiple objectives in each stage. Before running both analyses, the simulation model was validated by field measurement. The optimization results show that the optimal window configurations obtained through PSA and MOO offer significant potential for improving daylighting performance, energy efficiency and comfort. In terms of the overall best solutions from PSA and MOO, the PSA demonstrated substantial improvements, with Useful Daylight Illuminance (UDI) rising by 46.31% to 55.36%, glare decreasing by 52.17% to 82.61% and Energy Use Intensity (EUI) improving by 0.89% to 2.63%. Additionally, MOO solutions yielded even more significant enhancements, increasing UDI by 43.58% to 58.37%, reducing glare by 95% to 100% and enhancing EUI by 1.81% to 3.88%. This has resulted in a more evenly distributed and efficient daylighting throughout the space.
Barns upplevelser av en intervention i familjer där vuxna har ett problematiskt bruk av alkohol och droger
Authors: Lyrberg Ann , Jess Kari , Forinder Ulla
Published: January 2024

Aim: To investigate children's experiences of the intervention Me and my Family. Me and my Family is an intervention, for families with parental substance use problems (SUP) provided by Swedish social services outpatient care, includes eight weekly sessions where family members communicate how the SUP affects the family. Method: Data consists of 17 qualitative interviews with children, 7 to 19 years old. The qualitative data were analysed using a thematic approach, initially inductively and then discussed by adding salutogenic perspective. Results: The results are presented in three themes. Regardless of the children's varying ages, the results indicate that participating in the intervention has helped the family break the taboo surrounding parental substance use and enabled the young participants to communicate with their family members differently. The intervention also contributed to stronger bonds between children and their parents.
Fatigue life predictions under variable amplitude loading for composite materials
Authors: Duran Jorge Alberto Rodriguez , Bermudez Panters Rodriguez , Rodriguez-Ramos Reinaldo
Published: January 2024

The fatigue strength curves for fiber reinforced laminates are normally available at certain combinations of load ranges and minimum-to-maximum load ratios. The data are alternatively presented in the form of a constant life diagram. Real-world signals contain, however, a finite number of load ranges and mean values pairs which rarely coincide with those experimentally measured. For fatigue assessment purposes, an interpolation in the constant life diagram, seeking for fatigue strength curves not originally measured, is needed. It is the aim of this paper to present and apply a new way for interpolating in the constant life diagram. The interpolated fatigue strength curve is then used in a simulated fatigue life prediction case study. The source for fatigue loads comes from two normalized load signals of variable amplitude that can be scaled to any desirable (and reasonable) maximum stress maximum stress value. In this way, two predicted maximum stress versus cycles to failure can be computed. The relative position of these two curves agrees with the severity of each load signal which confirms the consistency of the proposed algorithm. Furthermore, the variable amplitude curves fall below the experimental ones (at a load ratio [Formula: see text]), that is, disregarding the interactions between large and small cycles implies in unacceptable (non-conservative) predictions in fatigue design.