bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing solvent impact on Moringa oleifera seed cake nutrition: towards sustainable food and feed production
Authors: Hayuningtyas I R , Al Hafidl A N , Qoyimmah A M , Perdana S S P , Lamdari E Y R , Rachmawati Y , Astuti R W , Parawestri P D , Kusumawati N , Saputri R D
Published: July 2024

Moringa oleifera seed cake, a byproduct of oil extraction, represents a valuable resource for animal and human nutrition. However, solvent selection during extraction significantly influences the cake’s composition. This study aims to evaluates Moringa seed cakes extracted with ethanol, methanol, and hexane, employing proximate analysis, metal content assessment, and microbial testing. The drying process involved hexane seed cake at 55°C, and ethanol and methanol cakes at 70°C for one hour. Proximate analysis indicates that all seed cakes surpass quality standards (SNI, 3571-2009) for ash and crude protein. Hexane seed cake, distinguished by the highest ash (6.4972%) and crude protein (42.1169%), is identified as suitable for bakery and snacks, featuring optimal calcium (0.9697%) and minimal crude fiber (1.9386%), aligning with chicken feed standards (SNI, 8173.2:2015). Methanol seed cake, rich in crude fat (15.7618%) and calories (6549.89 Kcal/Kg), proves suitable for fishery feed. Ethanol seed cake, abundant in crude fiber (30.0319%), is advantageous for calf feed and serves as a foundational ingredient in bakery and snacks. Metal content and microbial contamination adhere to Indonesian standards (SNI, 3751-2009) and (SNI, 3148.2:2009), solidifying Moringa seed cake as a viable alternative across diverse applications.
Kangkung microgreen growth analysis under T5 LED lighting using solar PV
Authors: Syukriyadin S , Sara I D , Syahrizal S , Fauzan M , Fajri M
Published: July 2024

The T5 LED lamp is one form of LED light that can be utilized for indoor microgreen growing. The T5 LED lamp has various advantages, such as great energy efficiency and a long lifespan, and they do not emit excessive heat. This research intends to analyze the growth rate of kangkung (Ipomoea reptans poir) utilizing a T5 LED lamp as the light source. The research was carried out through an experimental design. Kangkung microgreen plants were placed under a T5 LED lamp, positioned 50 cm below the lamp’s surface, and connected to the voltage output supply from solar PV. The results showed that the average value of root growth rate was 26% per day, stem length growth rate was 26% per day, leaf width growth rate was 3.74% per day, leaf length growth rate was 23% per day, petiole length growth rate was 29% per day, the stem diameter growth rate is 4% per day, and the wet weight growth rate is 1.42% per day.
Improvement in the physical quality of genotype G1 arabica coffee beans as a result of applying rice husk ash and KCl fertilizer
Authors: Karim A , Hifnalisa H , Jufri Y , Hidayanti H , Rosmaiti R
Published: July 2024

Arabica Gayo coffee has earned global acclaim for its exceptional flavor profile. Its exports primarily consist of green coffee beans, making the physical quality a crucial criterion. Several factors are considered in assessing the physical quality of coffee beans, including shape (normal, single, and damaged) beans as well as size. Therefore, this study aimed to find out the improvement in the genotype G1 arabica coffee beans physical quality through the potassium from rice husk ash and KCI fertilizer. A total of 132 genotype G1 arabica coffee were selected randomly with specific criteria including eight years of age, a 2.5 m x 2.5 m planting distance, well-pruned, grown under shade from lamtoro trees with slightly dense density, and adequately maintained. Moreover, a non-factorial randomized block design was used. The treatments comprised a control, and the potassium application at doses of 29, 58, 87, 116, and 145 kg K2O ha−1 from KCl fertilizer (containing 58% K2O) and rice husk ash (containing 2% K2O), totaling 11 treatment units. Each unit was replicated four times and consisted of three coffee trees, resulting in a total of 132. The research results showed that the potassium fertilizer application from both KCl and rice husk ash increased the 100 beans weight (water content 14-18%), the normal beans percentage, single beans, small and medium beans size, but can reduce the damaged beans percentage and large beans size. The application of 250 kg ha−1 KCl, equivalent to 156.25 g of KCl per coffee trees was found to be the best potassium fertilizer dose for improving all the quality variables of genotype G1 Arabica coffee beans.
Risk analysis of crab peeling business: a case study at miniplant Medan I Deli Serdang
Authors: Annisa Y , Sulaiman M I , Ridha
Published: July 2024

Portunus pelagicus also known as also known as the blue crab, blue swimmer crab, blue manna crab or sand crab is a species of large crab found in the Indo-Pacific, including off the coasts of Indonesia. The crab peeling industry represents an attractive business opportunity in the seafood sector, with growing demand for processed crab meat. Miniplant Medan I is a business located in north Sumatra which specializing in crab peeling to obtain quality crab meat. However, like any business venture, it is not without its inherent risks. This study aims to identify, assess, and evaluate potential risks, uncertainties, and hazards that can affect the crab peeling business Miniplant Medan I. Risk measurement in this study is carried out using the PIM (Probability Impact Matrix) method. The result shows that the highest risk factors in the Miniplant Medan I business are overexploitation of crab’s eggs and small sizes crab, employee negligence in the use of prohibited cosmetic ingredients, use of low-quality raw materials, cold chain disconnection, lack of employee and equipment sanitation.
Enhancing coffee sensory quality: unleashing synergistic effects of selected microorganism starter cultures and ohmic heating technology
Authors: Silamba I. , Salengke S. , Adiansyah  , Hasizah A.
Published: July 2024

The sensory characteristics of coffee play a pivotal role in determining its consumer appeal and global market potential. The flavor quality of coffee is influenced by a range of factors, including genetic attributes, geographic variables, agricultural practices, and post-harvest processes. Among these, the post-harvest phase, which includes fermentation, stands out as a critical determinant of coffee quality. Notably, controlled wet fermentation techniques and the introduction of specialized starter cultures have demonstrated a significant capacity to enhance the flavor and unique sensory profiles of coffee, capturing the interest of consumers. Utilizing yeast cultures, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Torulaspora delbrueckii, alongside lactic acid bacteria like Lactobacillus sp., has been scientifically substantiated as a means to elevate coffee quality. The application of ohmic heating technology during the coffee fermentation process presents an innovative approach to maintaining the fermentation process at the desired temperature. When synergistically applied in tandem with carefully selected microorganism starter cultures, this approach holds the promise of delivering a substantial enhancement in coffee quality.
Optimization of coffee vinegar production from cherry Pulp as by product of arabica coffee processing
Authors: Martunis  , Zakaria S. , Sulaiman M.I , Munawar A.A
Published: July 2024

The current high consumption of coffee globally has an impact on the abundance of by-products of coffee processing in the form of cherry pulp which are considered waste and cause environmental problems. The waste from arabica coffee is potential economic value products such as fermented vinegar because of its rich nutrients. The aim of this research was to determine the optimal conditions for acetic acid fermentation and the influence of yeast concentration and nitrogen sources fermented for 60 days. The research was carried out in two stages of fermentation using the Orleans method. Anaerobic alcohol fermentation (20 days) followed by aerobic acetic acid fermentation (40 days). A Randomized Block Factorial Design was used with 2 factors, namely yeast concentration (S15%and S210%) and NPK (N10g, N25g, and N310g), repeated 3 times. Observations on alcoholic fermentation were carried out every 5 days for 20 days regarding ethanol levels. Meanwhile, in acetic acid fermentation, 2.5% vinegar starter was added for each treatment and observations were made every 10 days for 40 days regarding the yield, acetic acid content, pH value and total dissolved solids. The results showed that the highest formation of acetic acid was obtained on day 30 of fermentation. The highest acetic acid content was obtained in the treatment S210%: N25gof 5.27%, pH value of 3.46, TSS value of 0.49 °Bx with a total yield of 42.93%. This is in line with the ethanol content previously formed on day 20 of 11.04% in the same treatment. This value meets the quality standards for fermented vinegar according to SNI 01-4371-1996 by at least 4%.
Gayo horse’s estrogen concentration after pospartum silent heat therapy using intramuscularly vitamin A, D, E
Authors: Melia J , Sarah R A , Rahmi E , Dasrul D , Sofyan H
Published: July 2024

Silent heat is a condition in which livestock does not show symptoms of heat but physiologically estrus occurs due to low concentrations of the estrogen. Vitamins are small organic compounds that are needed by horses for the process of development, reproduction, and activity. Vitamin preparations are easily obtained and economically for breeders. This research aimed to observe differences in estrogen concentrations in postpartum silent heat gayo horses before and after therapy using intramuscularly vitamins A, D, E. Four of six gayo mares suspected of postpartum silent heat after diagnosis using ultrasound were used in this study. Four gayo mares were divided into two groups, the control group (K1, n=1) was only injected with NaCl and the therapy group (K2, n=3) was injected with vitamins A, D, E intramuscularly twice with an interval of one week. Blood plasma samples were collected before and after therapy for 7 days, then stored in the freezer at -20°C for analysis of estrogen concentrations using EIA. Data before and after therapy were analyzed using paired sample t-test and data between groups were reported descriptively. The results showed that the estrogen concentration of postpartum silent heat gayo horses in K1 was not significantly different (P>0.05) before and after NaCl injection (251.71±57.90 vs 255.56±84.14 pg/ml), while there was a significant difference in K2 (P<0.05) before and after vitamin A, D, E therapy (194.82±56.64 vs 557.11±96.55 pg/ml). Descriptively, there were differences in the concentration of the hormone estrogen in K1 and K2 after postpartum silent heat therapy. The conclusion is postpartum silent heat therapy using vitamins A, D, E in gayo horses can increase the concentration of the hormone estrogen in the estrous phase which has an impact on the appearance of estrus symptoms that is more clearly and easily observed by breeders.
Rapid and non-destructive prediction of moisture content on intact gayo coffee beans using near infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Moulana R , Zakaria S , Munawar A A
Published: July 2024

Presented work explores the potential of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) as a rapid, non-destructive analytical method for predicting moisture content in intact Gayo coffee beans. The moisture content is an essential parameter affecting the quality, processing, and shelf life of coffee beans. While conventional moisture determination techniques involve invasive procedures and considerable time, NIRS emanates as an innovative technique offering non-invasive, swift analysis. Using a robust representative selection of Gayo coffee bean samples, we acquired numerous spectra and employed multivariate analysis to construct a calibration model correlating the spectral data with reference moisture values. The initial results exhibit a high correlation coefficient (r) of 0.93 and ratio prediction to deviation (RPD) index of 3, suggesting that the NIRS technique can effectively predict the moisture content within the beans. This research underpins the potential usage of NIRS which, if validated through further testing, could transform quality control operations in the coffee industry by offering a real-time, non-destructive approach for moisture content determination.
Influence of biochar application on carbon dioxide (CO2) emission under soybean crop
Authors: Darusman D , Syakur S , Zaitun Z , Vonna C D
Published: July 2024

Biochar, an organic solid produced through pyrolysis, exhibits promising potential as a soil amendment. The utilization of biochar as a soil amendment is geared towards the reduction of CO2 emissions and the sequestration of carbon in soil, thus playing a pivotal role in addressing climate change. This research was undertaken to quantify the extent of carbon emissions resulting from various biochar application treatments in soybean cultivation. The field study was structured in a randomized non-factorial design, encompassing five distinct biochar types: rice husk at application rates of 20 and 30 ton ha−1, pulai wood (Alstonia scholaris) at rates of 20 and 30 ton ha−1, and a control group serving as a reference. Each treatment was replicated three times. The quantification of greenhouse gas emissions involved the utilization of a CO2 gas detector (Digital type HT-2000) placed within a chamber measuring 66 cm x 46 cm x 78 cm. The findings elucidated that the application of biochar had a discernible influence on the levels of CO2 gas emissions. Specifically, the application of 30 ton ha−1 of rice husk and 20 ton ha−1 of pulai wood yielded higher emissions in comparison to the control group. This phenomenon is attributed to the favorable environment created by biochar within wetter soil conditions, fostering the proliferation of microorganisms, and subsequently contributing to increased emissions through microbial respiration.
Architectural Study of Colonial Building Facades in Indentifying the Existence of Heritage Tourism in Bireuen City
Authors: Fitri Riza , Dewi Cut , Wulandari Elysa
Published: July 2024

Conservation of historycal buildings is one of the objectives of sustainable heritage tourism. Bireuen City is one of the cities that has historycal heritage during the dutch-colonial colonial period in the form of buildings and environments. The purpose of this historycal building conservation research is to provide education to the community in the Bireuen City environment, in an effort to form a sense of belonging to heritage tourism assets and build Environmental Awareness so that it can then encourage a sense of responsibility to maintain its sustainability. Unique, distinctive and characterful architecture can be observed on a number of building facades such as past buildings and become a continuous comparison of the value of construction resilience, adaptation to the environment, and natural disasters. This research uses qualitative descriptive methods with field observation, interview, and documentation techniques. The results of the study are the discovery of the heritage tourism area, identification of the physical identity of colonial architectural facades, historycal values of colonial architecture and education to the public
Optimizing water condition in tropical brackish water aquaponics: A novel internet of things and machine learning approach
Authors: Ula M , Muliani M , Adek R T , Bustami B
Published: July 2024

This research presents a novel water condition regulation system specifically designed for brackish water aquaponics in the Aceh tropical climates. The study utilizes cutting-edge sensor technologies, intelligent feedback mechanisms, and IoT-integrated precise water condition adjustments. The aim of this approach is to optimize critical water condition indicators including pH, salinity, and dissolved oxygen for shrimp cultivation while enabling the simultaneous growth type of vegetable plants. The methodology encompasses a comprehensive model training procedure, wherein Random Forest and Genetic Algorithms are applied on a computer to predict optimize water condition indicators from historical data. The optimize water condition indicators then will be utilized in real time control and inference by Internet-of-Things (IoT) system based on Arduino microcontroller and dispensing actuators. A forty-day experimental phase in a brackish water aquaponics setup was conducted and verified that IoT system has effectively preserved optimal water conditions to the growth of both fishes and leafy green vegetables. The findings of the research suggest that the proposed IoT regulation system has maintained pH stability, salinity and Dissolved Oxygen at optimize level. The finding also recommend that the lettuce, spinach, and kale have emerged as the most appropriate plants for brackish water aquaponic system. The integration of Random Forest and Genetic Algorithm with IoT technology designate a significant advancement in the field of brackish water aquaponics, providing intelligent alternatives for agriculture in Aceh coastal areas.
The removal of ciprofloxacin from water by Alue Naga and Leungah beach sand
Authors: Prajaputra V , Karina S , Bismi A , Nuufus P H
Published: July 2024

Ciprofloxacin is one of the antibiotics used in various fields such as medical, pharmaceutical, and aquaculture. Excessive use and waste treatment that is not in accordance with procedures cause antibiotic pollution which is very dangerous for living things. This study aims to determine the ability of Alue Naga and Leungah beach sand to overcome the problem of ciprofloxacin pollution from water. Both beach sand was characterized using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR). Before the adsorption test, a stability test of ciprofloxacin solution was conducted for 6 days of testing with two different temperatures (11°C and 30°C). From the test, it was found that ciprofloxacin tends to remain stable at temperatures ranging from 11°C to 30°C. The adsorption capacity of Alue Naga and Leungah sand was 0.56 mg/g and 0.68 mg/g at 30 mg/L concentration after 3 hours of contact time. Meanwhile, in the adsorption process combined with Fenton-like, the percentage of ciprofloxacin removal in Alue Naga beach sand was 31.78% and Leungah beach sand was 44.3%. From this test, it is concluded that the combination of adsorption and Fenton-like methods enhances the capability of adsorbents to effectively remove contaminated ciprofloxacin antibiotics from water.
Toxicological impact of copper and zinc exposure on liver and gill tissues of Oreochromis mossambicus
Authors: Aliza D , Che Hassan C R , Zuki F M , Suhendrayatna
Published: July 2024

Copper and zinc are needed as essential nutrients for plants, animals, and human’s daily basic activity, however, at high concentrations and prolonged exposure they bring harmful effect to life creature and the environment. Thus, this study aimed at finding out the toxicological impact of copper and zinc on liver and gill tissues of Oreochromis mossambicus. This study used 21 male tilapia (60-100 grams), which grouped into 7 treatment groups, K1 was negative control; K2, K3, and K4 were exposed to 1, 2.5, and 5 mg/L CuSO4; K5, K6, and K7 were exposed to 2.5, 5, and 7.5 mg/L ZnCl2, respectively, for 15 days. Fish liver and gill were collected for histopathological procedure using hematoxylin-eosin. The results showed similar figure of tissues damages between treatment groups, including melanomacrophage center, vacuolar degeneration, cell necrosis, and hemorrhage. The spreading of MMCs in the liver tissue of tilapia fish exposed to copper was higher than in zinc exposure. In gills tissue, several minor, moderate, and severe changes were observed, revealed that the higher the concentration of CuSO4 and ZnCl2 exposure the more severe the tissue damage observed. In conclusion, both CuSO4 and ZnCl2 exposure changes the histopathology of liver and gill of tilapia fish.
Space syntax at the islamic center Masjid At-taqarrub Trienggadeng Pidie Jaya
Authors: Mahjiddin M , Muliadi M , Achmad A
Published: July 2024

At the start of its construction, Masjid At-Taqarrub was the largest mosque in Trienggadeng District. Based on Pidie Jaya Regent Regulation Number 12 of 2020, it was designated as the Islamic Center of Pidie Jaya Regency. Based on the change in the status of mosques as Islamic centers, their needs and functions are certainly increasing. So it is necessary to carry out a retirement evaluation to review the effectiveness of using this mosque. This research aims to identify and analyze the spatial configuration based on the Space Syntax approach in this mosque. The method used is quantitative, collecting observation data for analysis using the depthmapX software. The results of this research show that the minimum connectivity value is 36 and the maximum value is 8.988, while the minimum integrity value is 2,54141 and the maximum value is 31,682. The most effective space is the prayer room. The multipurpose room is considered quite effective, while the overall layout of the entrance area is considered ineffective because it still confuses visitors. It is hoped that this research can provide input for improving spatial organization to make it more effective.
Workload analysis using energy expenditure and the work posture evaluation approach with brief method at PT XYZ
Authors: Akmal S , Trisna  , Hasibuan S
Published: July 2024

PT XYZ is a company operating in the tire retreading sector on JL. Medan-Banda Aceh, Cot Seurani Village, Muara Batu District, Aceh Utara. Retreading truck tires is carried out through several processes such as inspection, grating, repairing, gluing tire, installing tire treads, installing wheels and rings, cooking tires and finishing. The vulcanization process which is carried out manually and repeatedly makes workers easily fatigued, making them vulnerable to injury and the risk of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs). This research aims to calculate the workload of PT XYZ workers. PT XYZ to determine the level of worker fatigue using the Energy Expenditure approach and assessing worker work posture using the BRIEF method to assess work postures that cause complaints of pain in workers’ body parts. Researchers measured the resting pulse and working pulse of 8 workers, then classified the Cardiovascular Load (%CVL) and Energy Expenditure workload levels of the workers and assessed work posture using the BRIEF worksheet. The results of calculating the worker’s workload obtained an average %CVL value of 57.92%, the average result of the worker’s Energy Expenditure was 6,8048 Kcal/8 hours with very heavy work criteria. The average BRIEF work posture value is 3.28 in the high risk category. The suggestions given regarding the problem of workers who easily experience fatigue, high workloads and unergonomic work postures are to increase the number of workers, add benchrest jacks at each work station, add a table with wheels and rings and add chairs for finishing workers, lighten the work and reduce excessive bending activities for tire retreading workers.
Selection of the best coffee bean supplier by using technique method for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (topsis) at CV. ORO coffee GAYO
Authors: Akmal S , Syarifuddin  , Azizah N Q E
Published: July 2024

CV. Oro Coffee Gayo is an industrial sector that operates in the field of bean processing and is also exported directly abroad choosing the right supplier. There are many factors that need to be considered when selection a supplier, including quality, price, accuracy of delivery. The company has contracts with 4 suppliers who already have certification in Aceh and 10 suppliers outside the contract. This research aims to obtain supplier priorities based on the weight of selection criteria and sub-criteria in determining the best coffee bean supplier using the TOPSIS method. The determination of criteria and sub-criteria is based on expert answers using a closed questionnaire. Assessment of the level of importance of the weight of each criterion, sub-criteria and alternative based on the AHP questionnaire and Likert Scale questionnaire. The results of the research show that there are 6 criteria with 13 sub-criteria, where the criterion that has the largest weight is K1=0,37, the sub-criterion that has the largest weight is SK4, appropriateness of price and quality, 0,8771 and supplier 4 has the largest preference value, namely 0,6315. This shows that supplier 4 is ranked first as the best or priority supplier at CV. Oro Gayo.
Pressing Strength of Plastic Bottle Couch as a Form of Waste Management Innovation in UMKM Sobotik
Authors: Ramli I , Zahriah  , Ahmad A , Abdullah N
Published: July 2024

In general, people burn plastic waste openly because they do not know the impact it can cause. Couch from plastic bottles one of the effective alternative innovations. The objective of this study was to determine the strength of the plastic bottle couch from the UMKM Sobotik couch product as the effort to develop creativity in utilizing plastic waste. Plastic bottles that have been glued according to the size and shape designed are given a load (load cell) at the center point of the test object. The shortening of the specimen during compression was observed by two linear variable differential transformers (LVDT) which were placed on the top of the flat surface on different sides of the specimen. The difference in the compressive strength of the plastic bottle couch specimen was based on the variable height of the plastic bottles making up the couch, the cross-sectional shape of the couch, and the position of the fastener (duct tape). There are three types of plastic bottles that make up the couch for this test, namely 1500 ml, 600 ml and 330 ml with the height of each bottle being 290 mm, 226 mm and 170 mm respectively. The results of the compressive load test on the plastic bottles that make up the couch ranged from 241 kgf-621 kgf. The strength of the couch is influenced by the number of adhesives, the location of the adhesive and the shape of the couch. The specimen with the smallest rigidity is a rectangular cross section. Round cross sections tend to have advantages over other cross sections. Due to the pressure received by the test object can be spread evenly throughout the radius of the test object. For a square cross section, there is a cross section that is shorter than the other parts, resulting in non-uniformity of the load received by the parts of the cross section, so that the round shape has great strength.
The movement pattern of app-based transportation in Banda Aceh City, Province of Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Rizkiya P , Hasan Z , Sawab H , Akbar F , Nazira A
Published: July 2024

Transportation plays a crucial role in fulfilling people’s need to conduct their activities. Cities established transportation systems to serve the needs of people to travel. Technological advancements have led to the emergence of app-based transportation. App-based transportation has emerged as an alternative to public transportation and personal vehicles. The advantages of app-based transportation, such as flexibility, 24-hour services, swift mobility, and convenience, have influenced citizens’ travel behavior. App-based transportation has been available in Banda Aceh since 2017. This research aims to study the movement pattern of app-based transportation in Banda Aceh. The data on the origin and destination of app-based transportation users were collected from 100 drivers using the accidental sampling method. This research utilized GIS software to analyze the movement pattern. The study shows that based on land use, the app-based transportation origin and destination occurred mostly in settlement areas. The highest trip generation occurred in the education center area, followed by the main city center. A polycentric pattern, with the education center as the main origin and destination point, characterizes the movement patterns of app-based transportation in Banda Aceh. It indicates that the main users of app-based transportation are students living around the education center.
Supply chain analysis of Octopus cyanea in Simeulue regency: a case study of production value and contribution of PiSiSi MPA.
Authors: Ulfah M , Alsya C , Erdiasyah E , Turnip N I , Insyafrizal I , Damora A
Published: July 2024

Octopus is a fishery commodity that is the target catch of fishermen in Simeulue Regency because of its very high price. This study aims to identify the supply chain, calculate the value of fishery production and the percentage of octopus (Octopus Cyanea) production in the PiSiSi Simeulue MPAs. This research was conducted in March-April 2023. The research method used was interviews with purposive sampling techniques. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that the value of production generated from buyers (collectors) was IDR 34,192,104,976 with a total weight of 440.56 tons. The contribution of PiSiSi KKP to the production value of Simeulue Octopus is 9.83%. Based on this research the octopus supply chain starts with the catch of fishermen who are sold to collectors and then sold again to buyers in Sinabang and sold locally and domestically to North Sumatra and Java Island to be processed and then exported to Asia, Europe and America.
Phytochemical screening of ethanolic extract of local Aceh lime (Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle) peels
Authors: Sitio R , Akmal M , Marlina  , Gholib
Published: July 2024

Herbal plants are currently attracting world attention and are being widely studied to treat various diseases as an alternative to synthetic drugs. One of the herbal plants often used is citrus lime because it contains high levels of secondary metabolite. Citrus peels are usually thrown away because they are considered waste, even though they have many high-value compounds and show a variety of potential uses in technology and health improvement. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) was used in this study to identify the phytochemical components of native Aceh limes (Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle). The results obtained from this study were that the ethanolic extract of lime peels contains twenty-eight metabolite compounds with five main compounds, namely propanedioic acid, dimethyl ester (27.47%), benzeneacetic acid, methyl ester (12.06%), β-bisabolene (5.97%), 4-hexen-1-ol, 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethenyl)-, acetate, (R)-(5.54%), and trans-linalool oxide (5.16%). The results showed diverse secondary metabolites derived from local Aceh limes dominated by ester groups. This indicates the strong potential of local Aceh limes as a source of aromatics and can be further tested as pharmaceutical agents.
Characterization of Aluminium Anodizing for Coffee Industry Exterior
Authors: Mulyaningsih Nani , Pramono Catur , Dwi Emma , Putra Exnacius , Faishal Muhammad Noor
Published: July 2024

Aluminium is a lightweight and malleable metal. So it is widely used for several exterior applications including coffee industry storefronts. The surface of these applications needs hardness characteristics to be more scratch resistant and have attractive aesthetics. One method to improve these characteristics is anodizing. This research aims to produce a harder and more attractive exterior. The method in this research is to conduct aluminium experiments and then anodizing using time variations (12, 20, 28, 36 and 44 minutes). In order to make the hardness safe and durable when used, the anodized aluminium is tested using a hardness test. The optimum value of the test results will be compared with the quality of exterior products on the market. This information will be useful for the aluminium industry to improve the quality of the products produced.
Heterogeneous alkaline catalyst synthesized from local bovine bone wastes for transesterification of palm oil into biodiesel
Authors: Rossani R B , Maisarah M R , Lubis S , Ramli M
Published: July 2024

Local bovine bone wastes, which are abundant in Aceh Province, have been successfully used as biomineral sources to produce heterogeneous catalysts that result in alkaline oxide. This study aimed to produce alkaline oxides by employing a high heat breakdown approach on local bovine bone particles at atmospheric pressure. The physicochemical analysis of the obtained inorganic particles revealed that the predominant component of those obtained inorganic oxide particles was calcium oxides (CaO). Furthermore, the produced alkaline oxide was employed as an alkali oxide catalyst for the transesterification of palm oil (RPDPO) with methanol, yielding methyl ester compounds, which are well recognized as a sustainable and green diesel energy source.
Analysis of energy harvesting on 3-DOF mobile tetrahedron-based sun tracker
Authors: Away Y , Novandri A , Rizal M S
Published: July 2024

The use of solar panels to be placed on mobile platforms is still not able to absorb maximum solar energy. Therefore, we need a sun tracker system that is able to respond to disturbances from above, such as the movement of clouds, and also disturbances from below, such as movements from mobile platforms. The proposed mobile tetrahedron-based sun tracker is capable of fast and continuous response to movement and movement from various directions, with an effective control algorithm that will be able to keep the solar panels always perpendicular to the sun’s rays. This mobile tetrahedron-based sun tracker is a 3-DOF parallel construction with a stepper motor as the actuator. This sun tracker is installed on a moving platform and is capable of tracking the sun in a 3-DOF parallel manner. Test results with PV polycrystalline silicon with normal operating specifications of 5V/2W, show an average voltage measurement of around 2.62V and an average current of around 190.613mA. The average power produced is around 0.798W, with peak power reached around 11:40-12:00, while the lowest power was recorded at 07:00-08:00 and 17:00-18:00. The research results also obtained that the total electrical energy collected for one full day using a sun tracker was 9.571Wh (higher 7.166% than fixed PV).
Detuned reactor for harmonic reduction on 20 kv distribution network Pocut Baren feeder in Banda Aceh
Authors: Ardi M D , Suriadi  , Hafidh
Published: July 2024

Nonlinear loads in distribution network have adverse impacts in the form of harmonic distortion. When the harmonic frequency is close to resonance, the harmonic will be amplified and overloading capacitor bank. Here detuned reactor is inserted in series to avoid from that risk. In this study, the impact of detuned reactor on suppressing the harmonics and power factor improvement are investigated, evaluated and analyzed. The Pocut Baren feeder is chosen as the case of the study. It is a radial distribution network with 28 distribution transformers where the starting point is connected to substation transformers and capacitor banks. Simulation is used to verify the efficacy of detuned reactor. The results shown that detuned reactor is able to reduce voltage harmonics and improve power factor across the distribution line. Although the efficacy wane at the distribution end, it can be compensated from adjusting the detuned reactor value to meet the 5% total voltage harmonic distortion (THDv) threshold at the end of the line. Simulation results confirmed that detuned reactor is able to reduce harmonics from 12% to meet the threshold. Power factors have also been improved beyond 0,9 from previously arround 0,8.
An optimal variable importance for machine learning classification models using modified simulated annealing algorithm
Authors: Rusyana A , Wigena A H , Sumertajaya I M , Sartono B
Published: July 2024

Each machine learning model will generate a different importance variable even though the method used is the same. Interpreting the variable significance is confusing. This study proposes combining several variable importance measures using a simulated annealing algorithm with an initial solution of mean and mode. The study uses simulation and empirical data. The simulation data are divided into three scenarios: no correlation, moderate correlation, and high correlation among predictor variables. The empirical data consist of 24 predictor variables. The machine learning models are classification models of random forest, extreme gradient boosting, neural network, and support vector machine. Based on the simulation data study, the combined variable importance will be optimal when predictor variables have low correlation. The simulated annealing algorithms show convergent objective values around the 25th iteration in empirical data. The more predictor variables, the higher the accuracy of this variable importance. Accuracy is optimal when the number of predictors exceeds ten. The five most important variables in explaining family food insecurity are the education of the family head, the floor type of the house, the number of family members who have a savings account, ownership of land, and decent drinking water.
Thermal comfort evaluation of student dormitory buildings in Syiah Kuala University
Authors: Mahfudha U , Sari L H , Fuady M
Published: July 2024

This study aims to analyse the thermal conditions of the student dormitory building against differences of orientation in tropical climates, which significantly impacts the thermal comfort of dormitory room occupants. Student dormitory building has a multi-floor design that accommodates a variety of daily student activities in it. The dormitory building that was chosen as the object of this study is the women’s dormitory building Rusunawa A which is located in the campus area of Syiah Kuala University. The research method used was quantitative with a descriptive approach. Quantitative data collected in the form of measurement results of physical variables include air temperature, radiant temperature, humidity, and air flow velocity in the sample rooms selected as the research object. Results indicate that the physical variables of thermal comfort in natural building design are influenced by the orientation of the building. Field survey data, based on thermal comfort factors measured in the Student Dormitory building, indicates an uncomfortable temperature exceeding the threshold scale of SNI 03-6572-2001.
Detection of carbohydrate distribution in the testis of Aceh bull using periodic acid Schiff staining
Authors: Wahyuni S , Siregar T N , Pratiwi C S
Published: July 2024

Spermatogenesis that occurred in the seminiferous tubule of the testis requires various substances, one of which is carbohydrates. Data regarding carbohydrates distribution in the testis of Aceh bull is currently not available. The objective of this study is to determine the neutral carbohydrates distribution in the seminiferous tubule and interstitial tissue of Aceh bull testis using histochemical periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining. Five pairs adult testis of Aceh bull were use and fixed in neutral buffered formalin 10% (immersion fixation), and then processed into histological preparation to be stained using PAS staining. A positive reaction on the presence of neutral carbohydrate in the testis indicated by magenta color in the specific cells and other components of testis. According microscopic observation, neutral carbohydrates found in the spermatogonium, spermatocyte, round spermatid, elongated spermatid, basal membrane, myoid peritubular cell, and cytoplasm of Sertoli cell in seminiferous tubule. Furthermore, the specific neutral carbohydrates were observed in the round spermatid with various expression, indicated that carbohydrates (glycoprotein) have an important role for acrosome formation in the round, elongating, and elongated spermatid during spermiogenesis to produce spermatozoa. Additionally, neutral carbohydrates were also found in the interstitial tissue of testis, including Leydig cell, fibrocyte, blood vessels, connective tissue, and tunica albuginea of testis. In conclusion, the presence of neutral carbohydrate in the testis of Aceh bull indicates that this substance is required to maintain spermatogenesis and tissue structure of the testis.
Chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils in the family Lamiaceae
Authors: Isnaini N , Annisa A , Prajaputra V , Maryam S , Idroes R , Khairan K
Published: July 2024

The family Lamiaceae, commonly known as the mint family, comprises a diverse group of aromatic plants known for their rich essential oil content. This systematic review aims to comprehensively evaluate the chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils derived from various species within the Lamiaceae family. A thorough literature search was conducted across reputable scientific databases, resulting in a meticulous selection of studies meeting the inclusion criteria. The review synthesizes findings from a wide range of investigations, highlighting the chemical constituents present in Lamiaceae-derived essential oils. Major components such as monoterpenes (e.g., limonene, menthol) and sesquiterpenes (e.g., caryophyllene, germacrene) are commonly identified across various species. Moreover, this review provides an extensive overview of the diverse biological activities associated with these essential oils, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and insecticidal properties. Furthermore, the systematic review discusses potential applications and implications of Lamiaceae-derived essential oils in various industries, including pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, agriculture, and food preservation. The comprehensive analysis presented in this review serves as a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners, and industries interested in harnessing the immense potential of essential oils from the Lamiaceae family for a wide array of applications. Future research directions are also suggested based on identified knowledge gaps in the existing literature.
Phylogeography of Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus, 1758) Inland Waters of Asia
Authors: Handayani L S , Muchlisin Z A , Rahayu S R , Razi N M , Eriani K , Fadli N , Ramadhaniaty M , Marini A , Lonteng R M
Published: July 2024

Clarias batrachus is native species from the Clarias genus that has significant economic value in the world, including Indonesia. The genetic relationship between C. batrachus populations in Asia has not been intensively studied. This study used the mitochondrial COI gene as a marker to examine the phylogeography pattern of Clarias batrachus in Indonesia and other Asian nations. The samples were extracted, PCR and sequenced using a standard procedure for these purposes. Five C. batrachus samples in total were taken from Banda Aceh, Indonesia. The sequences from Aceh were compared with 39 samples from the Genbank were employed in this analysis. Of these, 10 samples from Thailand, 10 samples from India, 10 samples from Philippines and 9 samples from Java, Indonesia. The results showed that 15 haplotypes were produced from the sequences. All populations have a haplotype diversity (Hd) value of 0.892. With a genetic distance of 0.022, Thailand and the Philippines have the closest population, while Aceh and India have the furthest populations, separated by a genetic distance of 0.113. Within the population, the genetic distance varies between 0-0.005. Therefore, it is concluded that the C. batrachus population of Aceh is closer in genetic distance to the C. batrachus population of Thailand.
Analysis of Flavonoid Content and Antioxidant Activity of Solanum ertianthum Extract
Authors: Zebua Nilsya Febrika , Fujiko Muflihah , Dachi Kanne , Nerdy Nerdy , Septama Abdi Wira
Published: July 2024

Solanum erianthum is one of the herbal plants that is believed by the Indonesian people to be a medicinal plant. The flavonoid and polyphenol compounds contained therein have antioxidant activity, but this has not been proven empirically. Solanum erianthum extract is produced using the maceration method. The determination of total flavonoid levels in Solanum erianthum was measured using a method based on complex formation, namely the aluminum trichloride (AlCl3) method. The antioxidant activity of Solanum erianthum was measured using the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-2picrihydrazyl) method because of its stability in the form of free radicals and because it is simple to carry out. The results obtained after determining the total flavonoid content in Solanum erianthum extract with various concentrations using the aluminum trioxide method were 1,430 mg QE/g, 2,282 mg QE/g, 3,180 mg QE/g, 3,567 mg QE/g, 4,291 mg QE/g. Solanum erianthum extract demonstrated antioxidant activity in the DPPH test, with an IC50 value of 66.493 g/ml. This falls into the “strong” category. This research shows that the phytochemical screening content of Solanum erianthum extract contains alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and tritepenoids. The total flavonoid content in Solanum erianthum extract at concentrations of 6 µg/ml, 8 µg/ml, 10 µg/ml, 12 µg/ml, and 14 µg/ml is as follows: 1,430mg QE/g, 2,282mg QE/g, 3,180mg QE/g, 3,567mg QE/g, and 4,291mg QE/g, as well as the antioxidant activity of Solanum erianthum extract with an average yield of 69,493 ppm.
Toxicity of mangrove plant extract (Rhizophora stylosa Griff.) using the brine shrimp lethality test method
Authors: Saidi N , Ginting B , Lini Z , Riski C D , Asma N , Mulya M I , Yahya M , Murniana  , Bahi M
Published: July 2024

Rhizophora stylosais a type of mangrove that is very abundant on the coast of Indonesia and contains many active compounds. So far, research on the toxicity of bark, leaf and flower extracts ofR. stylosahas not been reported. This research aims to determine the toxic effects ofn-hexane, dichloromethane and methanol extracts from the bark, leaves and flowers ofR. stylosathrough initial screening using the brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT) method and to determine the components contained in the plant. Toxicity testing using the BSLT method is widely used as the first step in extract screening because it is fast, cheap and easy to do. The results obtained were that allR. stylosaplant extracts were classified as non-toxic except for the dichloromethane extract of bark with an LC50value of 947.76 ppm (toxic). The results of GC-MS analysis show that the compound that has the highest area is lupeol compound.
Toxicity of methanolic extract from cocoa pod husk (Theobroma cacao L) using brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT)
Authors: Febrina R V , Yahya M , Windananti S
Published: July 2024

Indonesia is one of the countries that produces a large amount of Theobroma cacao L. in the world. The extract of water, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and n-hexane of cocoa pod husk contains several chemical constituents that exhibit potential biological activities. This study aimed to determine the toxicity of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) pod husk extract. Cocoa pod husk (6 kg) was first macerated with methanol and then extracted using n-hexane to obtain n-hexane extract (TCH) weighing 68.81 g (40.91%). The methanol extract was further extracted with ethyl acetate to obtain 17.98 g (10.69%) ethyl acetate extract. The methanol extract thus obtained was 76.38 g (45.41%). The methanol extract was further extracted using acetone to give 11.91 g (15.59%) acetone extract (TCA) and 45.33 g (59.35%) methanol extract (TCM). Theobroma cacao Acetone extract (TCA) was further isolated by gravity chromatography column and 11 fractions (TCA 1-TCA 11) were obtained. TCA 3 was re-chromatographed using an eluent system of n-hexane: ethyl acetate (8.5:1.5). The toxicity of the TCA extract and its combined fractions (TCA 1-TCA 11) on Artemia salina Leach larvae was assessed. TCA fraction 3 was found to be toxic with an LC50 value of 136.3 ppm.