bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmental Flow Assessment Considering Inter- and Intra-Annual Streamflow Variability under the Context of Non-Stationarity
Authors: Ren Kang , Huang Shengzhi , Huang Qiang , Wang Hao , Leng Guoyong
Published: November 2018

A key challenge to environmental flow assessment in many rivers is to evaluate how much of the discharge flow should be retained in the river in order to maintain the integrity and valued features of riverine ecosystems. With the increasing impact of climate change and human activities on riverine ecosystems, the natural flow regime paradigm in many rivers has become non-stationary conditions, which is a new challenge to the assessment of environmental flow. This study presents a useful framework to (1) detect change points in runoff time series using two statistical methods (Mann-Kendall test method and heuristic segmentation method), (2) adjust data of the changed period against the original flow series into a stationary condition using a procedure of reconstruction; and (3) incorporate inter- and intra-annual streamflow variability with adjusted streamflow to evaluate environmental flow. The Jialing to Han inter-basin water transfer project was selected as the case study. Results indicate that a change point of 1994 was identified, revealing that the stationarity of annual streamflow series is invalid. The variations of reconstructed streamflow series are roughly consistent with original streamflow series, especially in the maximum/minimum values and rise/fall rates, but the mean value of reconstructed streamflow series is increased. The reconstructed streamflow series would further serve to eliminate the non-stationary of original streamflow, and incorporating the inter- and intra-annual variability would upgrade the ecosystem fitness. Selecting different criteria for the conservation of riverine ecosystems can have significantly different consequences, and we should not focus on the protection of specific objectives that will inevitably affect other aspects. This study provides a useful framework for environmental flow assessment and can be applied to a wide range of instream flow management approaches to protect the riverine ecosystem.
Water–Energy Nexus for Multi-Criteria Decision Making in Water Resource Management: A Case Study of Choshui River Basin in Taiwan
Authors: Lee Mengshan , Yu Chia-Yii , Chiang Pen-Chi , Hou Chia-Hung
Published: November 2018

The Choshui river basin, the mother river in Taiwan, suffers from severe water shortage from extensive water use in irrigation as well as land subsidence from over-pumping of groundwater. To address these challenges, several water-related strategies and actions, including enhancement of water-use efficiency, development of alternative water sources, and improvement in effective water management, were proposed in this study to support sustainable water resource management in the watershed. Management of water resources in Taiwan is expected to confront not only freshwater resource but also energy source constraints. Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA), an approach for ranking overall performances of decision options, was then used to prioritize the water resource management strategies. The analysis considered economic (economic feasibility) and environmental (stability from the influence of climate change) criteria in the context of water–energy nexus (water supply/conservation potential and systemic energy efficiency). Our results indicated that, while economic feasibility was considered as the most important factor in implementation of the practices, improvement in groundwater pumping control and management was ranked as a high-priority water resource management action, followed by initiating water conservation programs for residential sector and reducing leakage rate for agricultural irrigation canals. The results from this study are expected to provide direction for future decision making in water resource management.
The Modified One-Dimensional Hydrodynamic Model Based on the Extended Chezy Formula
Authors: Zhou Junwei , Bao Weimin , Li Yu , Cheng Li , Bao Muxi
Published: November 2018

Although steady uniform friction formulas have been introduced to the framework of a one-dimensional (1D) hydrodynamic model for centuries, the error of friction calculation inevitably undermines the performance of flood routing. Based on successful results of unsteady channel friction research studies, a newly proposed unsteady friction model is introduced to establish a modified 1D hydrodynamic model (namely, the modified SVN model). With the help of a carefully designed parameter calibration method, the performance of the modified SVN model was compared with that of the original SVN model in a simulation test for a hydraulic experiment. This study’s results revealed that compared with the original SVN model, the modified SVN model could achieve a better simulation in both the flow depth and the sectional averaged velocity simulations. Furthermore, it could reduce the peak value error and the time-at-peak error as well, indicating that the use of an unsteady friction model can efficiently improve the performance of a 1D hydrodynamic model.
Étude métallographique des minerais de Příbram (Tchécoslovaquie)
Authors: Sekanina Josef
Published: November 2018

Je me suis proposé dans ce travail d'étudier la composition minéralogique des minerais de Pribram et les variations éventuelles de cette composition avec la profondeur. J'ai cherché à préciser, à l'aide du microscope métallographique polarisant, les propriétés de ces minéraux et les caractères de leurs associations.

A l'aide de la technique opératoire de M. J. Orcel j'ai mesuré le pouvoir réflecteur de la plupart d'entre eux et dans plusieurs cas j'ai effectué ces mesures sur des sections orientées.

J'ai étudié expérimentalement les actions de contact des divers minéraux entre eux en ce qui concerne leur comportement vis-à-vis des réactifs d'attaque. Cette influence peut être très grande et pourrait gêner d'une façon considérable la détermination des minéraux si l'on se contentait d'employer uniquement cette méthode.

J'ai mesuré la vitesse d'attaque par la lumière de l'argyrite, de la polybasite et de la stéphanite en utilisant la méthode photoélectrique. Les résultats sont contenus dans le tableau IV. Quand l'altération de la surface atteint un certain degré, la vitesse d'attaque diminue. Les sections polies d'argyrite abandonnées pendant quelque temps noircissent plus vite que les sections fraîchement polies.

Je donne ensuite une description détaillée des caractères microscopiques de 43 minéraux de Pribram, que j'ai observés sur quelque 150 sections polies. Ce sont les minéraux suivants : arsenic, allemontite, bismuth, or, argent, stibine, blende, wurtzite, nickélite, mauchérite, millérite, pyrrhotite, galène, argyrite, chalcocite, pyrite, marcasite, chloantite, mispickel, glaucodot, löllingite, rammelsbergite, safflorite, chalcopyrite, bornite, linnéite, sternbergite, pyrargyrite, berthiérite, boulangérite, diaphorite, proustite, pyrargyrite, bournonite, tétraédrite, stéphanite, polybasite, stannite, cassitérite, polianite, uraninite, goethite, hématite. J'ai décrit leurs associations intéressantes. Je n'ai pas pu relever de variations régulières de composition minéralogique dépendant de la profondeur ; il faudra compléter ces recherches par des prélèvements systématiques en divers points des formations filonniennes. Mais ce sont des phénomènes de « rajeunissement », qui jouent très probablement un rôle important dans les variations de la minéralisation.
Evolution à pression et température élevées d'inclusions fluides dans un quartz synthétique
Authors: Pêcher Arnaud , Boullier Anne-Marie
Published: November 2018

Des échantillons d'un monocristal de quartz synthétique contenant des inclusions fluides (I.F.) ont été chauffés dans un autoclave (T = 448 °C, correspondant à une pression interne Pi de 282 MPa dans les inclusions). La pression d'argon de confinement était soit inférieure (Pc = 200 MPa, durée 69 à 3 064 h) soit supérieure (Pc = 350 MPa, durée 2 086 h) à Pi. La comparaison des I.F. avant et après expérience montre qu'elles ont subi des changements importants de forme et des variations mesurables de la densité. Deux processus d'évolution sont observés et discutés :

— Rééquilibrage rapide par décrépitation et apparition d'I.F. secondaires. La forte diminution de la densité des inclusions s'explique par l'augmentation de volume de la cavité lors de la décrépitation. Un nouvel équilibre tel que Pi ⋍ Pc est indiqué par les mesures de Th.

— Les I.F. non décrépitées montrent une évolution progressive de leurs forme et densité. Des formes en cristaux négatifs sont rapidement atteintes et leur rapport L/l décroît jusqu'à une valeur limite de 3 environ. Quand Pi est supérieure à Pc, Th augmente progressivement avec le temps (Δ Th atteignant 10 °C, c'est-à-dire une diminution de la densité de 0,015). Une diffusion d'OH- et une réhydratation du quartz hôte sont proposées comme explication possible de la diminution de la densité. Quand Pi est inférieure à Pc, la densité des I.F. augmente et ce phénomène reste encore inexpliqué.
Les fluides moléculaires d'un filon de quartz hydrothermal : comparaison de techniques analytiques ponctuelles et globales, contamination des fluides occlus par des composés carbonés
Authors: Cheilletz Alain , Dubessy Jean , Kosztolanyi Charles , Masson-Perez Nicole , Ramboz Claire , Zimmermann Jean-Louis
Published: November 2018

Four techniques have been selected to analyse molecular fluid phases in crystals : microthermometry (M.) and Raman Spectrometry (R.S.). non destructive ponctual techniques available only for transparent minerals ; mass spectrometry (M.S.) and gas chromatography (G.C.) available for the bulk analysis of fluids released by crushing or heating of all kinds of minerals. High temperature vein quartz from the scheelite-wolframite deposit of Jbel Aouam (Central Morocco) has been selected to be analysed by the four techniques because it contains a homogeneous generation of fluids. (1) Within the uncertainty on the measurements, molar fraction of H2O in the fluids from quartz is consistently measured by the four techniques. (2) The CO2/CH4 molar ratio obtained by R.S. is consistent with the analytical data from G.C. ; it is superior by one or two orders of magnitude to that obtained by M.S. (3) Small and constant amount of H2 is detected only by M.S. (4) Heavy carbonaceous species are systematically identified by M.S. and with less quantities by G.C. ; they are not in fluid inclusions where only CO2 and CH4 are detected by R.S. (5) However dark particles are visible under the microscope in fissures of the quartz ; their Raman scattering spectrum is similar to that of coal, therefore they still can yield hydrocarbons on heating.
Etude des inclusions fluides des minéralisations Ba,F(Zn,Pb) du district métallogénique sud de Belgique
Authors: Darimont Anne
Published: November 2018

Vein-type mineralizations Ba,F(Zn-Pb) in Devonian (Frasnian, Givetian) carbonate host rocks from the metallogenetic district of South Belgium, are studied by fluid inclusions. The paragenetic sequence determined by petrographic studies at Beauraing is listed as follows : sphalerite-fluorite I, calcite-fluorite II, barite-galena.

First melting temperatures are lower than -50 °C. Filling temperatures Th and ice melting points Tm are : sphalerite (110 °C, -15 °C), fluorite I (75 °C, -23 °C), calcite (140 °C, -4 °C), fluorite II (125 °C, -2 °C) and barite (< 50 °C, —6 °C).

NaCl-CaCl2-H2O solutions represent fairly well the composition of the mineralizing brines ; in sphalerite, the molality in Cl- ions is around 4.4 ; and the salinity is comprised between 10 and 14 % NaCl with 10 and 6 % CaCl2.

The observation of fluorite II, characterized by Th= 125 °C and Tm = -2 °C, in the whole district attests to the regional distribution of the fluid responsible for this episode.

This study enables the reconstitution of thermobarometric evolution. The crystallization of sphalerite and fluorite I takes place around 1 000 bars and 180 °C, as shown by the intersection of their respective isochores in P-T diagram.

Deposition of calcite and fluorite II, characterized by the highest filling temperatures is suggested as a consequence of later reopening of veins, with subsequent decrease in pressure.

Barite and galena represent the low temperature final stage.
Caractéristiques physico-chimiques des fluides associés à la genèse du gisement de tungstène de Borralha (Nord Portugal)
Authors: Noronha Fernando
Published: November 2018

The tungsten-ore deposit of Borralha is of the vein-type, with quartz being the gangue mineral. The ore deposit comprises, also, two collapse breccias cemented by quartz which are spatially related to the veins.

Schematically, the mineralized structures are characterized by an association of quartz, wolframite, scheelite and sulphides.

The temperature has not markedly changed from the tungstates up to the sulfides deposition : it lies between 330 °C and 290 °C.

During the main W-mineralization and breccia formation, the pressure ranged from 650 to 1 000 bars.

The hydrothermal fluids have an average salinity of 10 wt. % eq.NaCl. Initially, they contain up to 11 mole % CO2 and become purely aqueous. The fluids carrying W have compositions dominated by Na+, Cl-and HCO3- (Na > K) and are acidic. Their corrosive activity is weak : it only causes minor alteration of the wall-rock.
Fluid inclusions associated with the generation of pseudotachylyte and ultramylonite in the French Pyrénées
Authors: Passchier Cees W.
Published: November 2018

Dans le Massif du Saint-Barthélémy, des rubans d'ultramylonite et de pseudotachylite se sont développés dans une zone de cisaillement importante à la fin d'une phase de mylonitisation à caractère rétromorphique. Certains rubans ultramylonitiques ont été partiellement formés par des mécanismes de recristallisation et de décroissance de la taille des grains, d'autres par une déformation ductile de la pseudotachylite. Des mesures microthermométriques indiquent que les inclusions fluides dans la zone de cisaillement contiennent du CO2 pur.

Le manque d'eau dans la phase fluide a probablement entraîné le durcissement de la roche pendant la déformation mylonitique. L'ultramylonite et la pseudotachylite ont été formées à 2-3,5 kbar et 450-550 °C. La température relativement élevée de la roche-hôte est probablement la cause principale de la déformation ductile de la pseudotachylite. Des recherches sur les inclusions fluides autour des rubans de pseudotachylite peuvent être importantes pour déterminer les conditions de formation de tels rubans.
Composition and significance of fluid inclusions in the Ilímaussaq peralkaline granite, South Greenland
Authors: Konnerup-Madsen Jens , Rose-Hansen John
Published: November 2018

On a étudié les inclusions fluides dans le quartz du granite péralcalin, des filons granitiques, et des filons de quartz dans l'intrusion essentiellement soussaturée en silice d'Ilímaussaq, Groenland du Sud. Contrairement aux fluides riches en hydrocarbures des syénites agpaïtiques de l'intrusion, les fluides dans le granite sont entièrement aqueux avec 2 à 64 % poids en équivalent NaCl et présentent des densités variables comprises entre 0,2 et 1,2. Les conditions de solidification du granite entre 650° et 700 °C et environ 1 kbar sont marquées par les inclusions fluides les plus précoces.

Les inclusions fluides des filons de quartz et des filons granitiques, formés par réaction entre la syénite à augite et les grès, contiennent du CO2 et du CH4 en plus des fluides aqueux. La différence marquée entre les fluides riches en hydrocarbures des filons granitiques et les fluides entièrement aqueux du granite indique que le granite alcalin d'Ilímaussaq, les syénites agpaïtiques à népheline et la syénite à augite ne sont pas liés par des processus d'assimilation des grès, mais que le liquide granitique représente un liquide acide étranger au liquide sous-saturé en silice d'Ilímaussaq.
Etude de dislocations créées à la température ambiante dans l'olivine naturelle
Authors: Gaboriaud Rolly-Jacques , Denanot Marie-Françoise
Published: November 2018

Dislocations created, at room temperature, in a natural olivine single crystal have been studied by mean of transmission electron microscopy. Dislocations have been created from scratches performed on the surface of the sample. General aspect of those dislocations corresponds to the very first steps of dislocation source expansion. Splitting of the dislocations has not been observed. All the dislocations exhibit the same Burgers vector : b = [001].
Evolutions minéralogiques dans la série calco-alcaline du Mont Seda Oro (Sardaigne Nord-Occidentale, Italie)
Authors: Maury René Charles , Coulon Christian
Published: November 2018

The high-K calc-alkaline volcanic series of Mt. Seda Oro (NW Sardinia), Miocene in age, displays a wide compositional range from basalts (SiO2 = 47 %) to dacites (SiO2 = 64 %). Petrological and chemical data have previously shown that the evolution of the series is mainly controlled by fractional crystallisation involving separation of the observed phenocrysts : calcic plagioclase, olivine (in basalts), clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene (in andesites and dacites), titanomagnetite. The microprobe study of six representative lavas outlines the control of mineralogical variations by the nature and abundance of fractionating mineral phases : decrease of anorthite content in plagioclase ; increase of iron in olivines and pyroxenes from basalts then constancy of the latter in more differentiated lavas ; decrease of Mg in titanomagnetites. The study of substitutions in Ca-rich clinopyroxenes emphasizes the occurrence of variations linked both with the fractionation of iron-rich minerals (titanomagnetite, olivine, orthopyroxene) and with the separation of calcic plagioclases.
Contribution to the theory of infiltration metasomatic zoning ; the formation of sharp fronts : a geometrical model
Authors: Guy Bernard
Published: November 2018

We propose here a contribution to the simplest model accounting for the appearance of spatial concentration discontinuities during the formation of metasomatic rocks. It is based on the "infiltration" model of Korzhinskii (1970) which we have reconsidered because it seemed defective on that crucial point, beyond some particular aspects of simplification or exposition.

We show that there is a geometrical solution to the equation of Korzhinskii : it allows to visualize the evolution in time and space of the concentration profiles and the appearance and growth of discontinuity fronts. In the past the mere reasonning on the isotherm had made this evolution disappear and more or less implicitly led to particular initial and boundary conditions.

The main point is the possible appearance, within the framework of this model, of a triple solution : this expresses a qualitative change in the evolution of the system (bifurcation) and necessitates a choice that was not made clear by previous authors.
MoO3 on zeolites MCM-22, MCM-56 and 2D-MFI as catalysts for 1-octene metathesis
Authors: Balcar Hynek , Kubů Martin , Žilková Naděžda , Shamzhy Mariya
Published: November 2018

Highly active olefin metathesis catalysts were prepared by thermal spreading MoO3 and/or MoO2(acac)2 on MWW zeolites (MCM-22, delaminated MCM-56) and on two-dimensional MFI (all in NH4+ form). The catalysts‘ activities were tested in the metathesis of neat 1-octene (as an example of a longer chain olefin) at 40 °C. Catalysts with 6 wt % or 5 wt % of Mo were used. The acidic character of the supports had an important effect on both the catalyst activity and selectivity. The catalyst activity increases in the order 6MoO3/HZSM-5(25) (Si/Al = 25) << 6MoO2(acac)2/MCM-22(70) < 6MoO3/2D-MFI(26) < 6MoO3/MCM-56(13) < 6MoO3/MCM-22(28) reflecting both the enhancing effect of the supports‘ acidity and accessibility of the catalytic species on the surface. On the other hand the supports‘ acidity decreases the selectivity to the main metathesis product C14 due to an acid-catalyzed double bond isomerization (followed by cross metathesis) and oligomerization. 6MoO3/2D-MFI(26) with a lower concentration of the acidic centres resulting in catalysts of moderate activity but with the highest selectivity.
FROM CRISIS TO MEANING: CREATIVITY IN THE BIBLICAL NARRATIVE OF EVE AND THE INVERSION BY F. KAFKA
Authors: Anckaert Luc , Burggraeve Roger
Published: November 2018

The possibilities of creativity in human life depend on discovering the meaning of life. Franz Kafka’s story Before the Law evokes how every attempt at finding this meaning, represented as the law, comes with a crisis and can result in failure. The secret of human existence is all about intimate personal encounters. The other than myself, which is also deeply present inside myself, is not the impersonal thing that it is oftentimes made out to be. In an already published article, we presented a close-reading of Kafka’s text. We only refer to the results in the first paragraph. In this article, we read the biblical narrative on Adam and Eve as a text that is structured by the same economy – the intertwinedness of the I-Thou relation with the I-It relation. But in opposition to the Kafka narrative, the crisis is overcome and results in a new creative perspective on the human condition: the discovery of the ultimate intersubjective meaning of life. The meaning makes love and labour possible. It means that the creativity of becoming human is the result of interaction. The context of our research is a long project on developing a philosophical reading of Biblical texts that was developed at the KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. The methodology is inspired by the Talmudic readings of Emmanuel Levinas and by the philosophical interpretations of the Bible of Paul Ricœur. In this way, we introduce a non-confessional way of understanding religious texts on the creativity of becoming human. Santrauka Kūrybiškumo galimybės žmogaus gyvenime priklauso nuo atrastos gyvenimo prasmės. Franzo Kafkos apysaka Prieš įstatymą sukelia minčių, kaip bet kokiomis pastangomis rasti šią įstatymo simbolizuojamą prasmę, prasidedančią nuo krizės ir galinčią baigtis nesėkme. Žmogaus egzistavimo paslaptis yra absoliučiai neatsiejama nuo intymių asmeninių sutikčių. Kitas, skirtingai nei aš pats, kuris taip pat esti giliai manyje pačiame, nėra nesuasmenintas daiktas, kuris dažnai taip traktuojamas. Jau paskelbtame straipsnyje pristatėme nuodugnų Kafkos teksto aiškinimą. Pirmame skirsnyje tiesiog pateikiame prieitas išvadas. Šiame straipsnyje interpretuojame biblinį Adomo ir Ievos naratyvą kaip tekstą, kurio struktūra grindžiama tokia pat ekonomija – Aš–Tu ir Aš–Tai santykio sampyna. Tačiau, priešingai Kafkos naratyvui, krizė įveikiama ir baigiasi nauja kūrybine žmogaus būklės perspektyva, atradus didžiausią intersubjektyvią gyvenimo prasmę. Prasmė suteikia galimybę mylėti ir dirbti. Tai reiškia, kad tapimo žmogumi kūrybiškumas yra sąveikavimo rezultatas. Mūsų tyrimo kontekstą sudaro Leveno katalikiškajame universitete (Levenas, Belgija) vykdytas ilgalaikis projektas, plėtojęs filosofines biblinių tekstų interpretacijas. Šiuo atveju pristatome nekonfesinį būdą suprasti religinius tekstus, skirtus tapimo žmogumi kūrybiškumui.
DEVALUATION OF VALUES OR A CREATIVE NEED TO TRANSCEND INTO THE DEPTH?
Authors: Kanišauskas Saulius
Published: November 2018

The recent decades have witnessed the increased society’s attention to values based on welfare state and the economics of happiness, and this however becomes worrying. The term of “value” has started to be employed inarticulately and irresponsibly in public and even creative discourses. Thus, the question arises whether we face the process of devaluation of values? The paper reflects on contemporary tendencies of research in axiology and maintains that the increased focus on values appears not due to the lack of satisfying material needs but because of the unconscious creative need to transcend into the depth, that is because of ontological longing for something absolutely genuine. Santrauka Pastaraisiais dešimtmečiais su gerovės valstybe ir laimės ekonomika siejamas smarkiai išaugęs visuomenės dėmesys vertybėms ima kelti nerimą. Terminas vertybė viešuosiuose ir net kūrybiniuose diskursuose pradėtas vartoti neartikuliuotai, neatsakingai. Todėl kyla klausimas – ar neprasidėjo vertybių devalvacijos procesas? Straipsnyje apžvelgiamos šiuolaikinių vertybinių tyrimų tendencijos ir parodoma, kad dėmesys vertybėms kyla ne tik dėl vis dar esančios materialių poreikių patenkinimo stokos, bet ir dėl neįsisąmoninto kūrybinio poreikio transcendentuoti į gylį, ontologinio ilgesio to, kas iš tiesų yra tikra.
Dynamical Evolution and Merger Timescales of LISA Massive Black Hole Binaries in Disk Galaxy Mergers
Authors: Khan Fazeel M. , Capelo Pedro R. , Mayer Lucio , Berczik Peter
Published: November 2018

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) will detect gravitational-wave (GW) signals from merging supermassive black holes (BHs) with masses below 107 M
⊙. It is thus of paramount importance to understand the orbital dynamics of these relatively light central BHs, which typically reside in disk-dominated galaxies, in order to produce reliable forecasts of merger rates. To this aim, realistic simulations probing BH dynamics in unequal-mass disk galaxy mergers, into and beyond the binary hardening stage, are performed by combining smooth particle hydrodynamics and direct N-body codes. The structural properties and orbits of the galaxies are chosen to be consistent with the results of galaxy formation simulations. Stellar and dark matter distributions are triaxial down to the central 100 pc of the merger remnant. In all cases, a BH binary forms and hardens on timescales of at most 100 Myr, coalescing on another few-hundred-megayear timescale, depending on the characteristic density and orbital eccentricity. Overall, the sinking of the BH binary takes no more than ∼0.5 Gyr after the merger of the two galaxies is completed, but it can be much faster for very plunging orbits. Comparing with previous numerical simulations following the decay of BHs in massive early-type galaxies at z ∼ 3, we confirm that the characteristic density is the most crucial parameter determining the overall BH merging timescale, despite the structural diversity of the host galaxies. Our results lay down the basis for robust forecasts of LISA event rates in the case of merging BHs.
Electromagnetic Wave Emissions from a Turbulent Plasma with Density Fluctuations
Authors: Volokitin A. S. , Krafft C.
Published: November 2018

In the solar wind, Langmuir turbulence can generate electromagnetic waves at the fundamental plasma frequency ω

p
. This process can likely result from either linear wave transformations on the ambient random density inhomogeneities or resonant three-wave interactions involving Langmuir waves and ion acoustic oscillations. In the presence of sufficiently intense plasma density fluctuations of scales much larger than the Langmuir wavelengths, the first mechanism may be more efficient than the second one. A new approach to calculate the electromagnetic wave emissions by Langmuir wave turbulence in plasmas with background density fluctuations is developed. The evolution of the Langmuir turbulence is studied by numerically solving the Zakharov equations in such a two-dimensional plasma. The dynamics of the spatial distributions of the electric currents with frequencies close to ω

p
is calculated, as well as their emission into electromagnetic waves. The efficiency of this radiation is determined as a function of the level of the Langmuir turbulence, the characteristics of the density fluctuations, the background plasma temperature, the position of the satellite receiver, and the durations of the source’s emissions and spacecraft’s observations. The results obtained by the theoretical modeling and numerical simulations are successfully compared with space observations of electromagnetic waves radiated during Type III solar radio bursts.
KIC 2568888: To Be or Not to Be a Binary
Authors: Themessl N. , Hekker S. , Mints A. , García R. A. , Montellano A. García Saravia Ortiz de , Stetson P. B. , Ridder J. De
Published: November 2018

In cases where both components of a binary system show oscillations, asteroseismology has been proposed as a method to identify the system. For KIC 2568888, observed with Kepler, we detect oscillation modes for two red giants in a single power-density spectrum. Through an asteroseismic study we investigate if the stars have similar properties, which could be an indication that they are physically bound into a binary system. While one star lies on the red giant branch (RGB), the other, more evolved star, is either a RGB or asymptotic giant branch star. We found similar ages for the red giants and a mass ratio close to 1. Based on these asteroseismic results, we propose KIC 2568888 as a rare candidate binary system (∼0.1% chance). However, when combining the asteroseismic data with ground-based BVI photometry we estimated different distances for the stars, which we cross-checked with Gaia DR2. From Gaia we obtained for one object a distance between and broadly consistent with the distances from BVI photometry. For the other object we have a negative parallax with a not yet reliable Gaia distance solution. The derived distances challenge a binary interpretation and may either point to a triple system, which could explain the visible magnitudes, or, to a rare chance alignment (∼0.05% chance based on stellar magnitudes). This probability would even be smaller, if calculated for close pairs of stars with a mass ratio close to unity in addition to similar magnitudes, which may indeed indicate that a binary scenario is more favorable.
Dynamic Equilibrium Sets of the Atomic Content of Galaxies across Cosmic Time
Authors: Wang Liang , Obreschkow Danail , Lagos Claudia D. P. , Sweet Sarah M. , Fisher Deanne B. , Glazebrook Karl , Macciò Andrea V. , Dutton Aaron A. , Kang Xi
Published: November 2018

We analyze 88 independent, high-resolution, cosmological zoomed-in simulations of disk galaxies in the NIHAO simulations suite to explore the connection between the atomic gas fraction and angular momentum (AM) of baryons throughout cosmic time. The study is motivated by the analytical model of Obreschkow et al., which predicts a relation between the atomic gas fraction f
atm and the integrated atomic stability parameter

, where M and j are the mass and specific AM of the galaxy (stars+cold gas) and σ is the velocity dispersion of the atomic gas. We show that the simulated galaxies follow this relation from their formation (z ≃ 4) to the present within ∼0.5 dex. To explain this behavior, we explore the evolution of the local Toomre stability and find that 90%–100% of the atomic gas in all simulated galaxies is stable at any time. In other words, throughout the entire epoch of peak star formation until today, the timescale for accretion is longer than the timescale to reach equilibrium, thus resulting in a quasi-static equilibrium of atomic gas at any time. Hence, the evolution of f
atm depends on the complex hierarchical growth history primarily via the evolution of q. An exception is galaxies subject to strong environmental effects.
A Redshift-independent Efficiency Model: Star Formation and Stellar Masses in Dark Matter Halos at z ≳ 4
Authors: Tacchella Sandro , Bose Sownak , Conroy Charlie , Eisenstein Daniel J. , Johnson Benjamin D.
Published: November 2018

We explore the connection between the UV luminosity functions (LFs) of high-z galaxies and the distribution of stellar masses and star formation histories (SFHs) in their host dark matter halos. We provide a baseline for a redshift-independent star formation efficiency model to which observations and models can be compared. Our model assigns a star formation rate (SFR) to each dark matter halo based on the growth rate of the halo and a redshift-independent star formation efficiency. The dark matter halo accretion rate is obtained from a high-resolution N-body simulation in order to capture the stochasticity in accretion histories and to obtain spatial information for the distribution of galaxies. The halo mass dependence of the star formation efficiency is calibrated at z = 4 by requiring a match to the observed UV LF at this redshift. The model then correctly predicts the observed UV LF at z = 5–10. We present predictions for the UV luminosity and stellar mass functions, JWST number counts, and SFHs. In particular, we find a stellar-to-halo mass relation at z = 4–10 that scales with halo mass at M
h < 1011
M
⊙ as M
⋆ ∝ M
h
2, with a normalization that is higher than the relation inferred at z = 0. The average SFRs increase as a function of time to z = 4, although there is significant scatter around the average: about 6% of the z = 4 galaxies show no significant mass growth. Using these SFHs, we present redshift-dependent UV-to-SFR conversion factors, mass return fractions, and mass-to-light ratios for different initial mass functions and metallicities, finding that current estimates of the cosmic SFR density at z ∼ 10 may be overestimated by ∼0.1–0.2 dex.
A Role for Turbulence in Circumgalactic Precipitation
Authors: Voit G. Mark
Published: November 2018

The cooling time, t
cool, of the hot ambient medium pervading a massive galaxy does not drop much below 10 times the freefall time t
ff at any radius. Theoretical models have accounted for this finding by hypothesizing that cold clouds start to condense out of the ambient medium when t
cool/t
ff ≲ 10 and fuel a strong black hole feedback response, but they have not yet provided a simple explanation for the critical t
cool/t
ff ratio. This paper explores a heuristic model for condensation linking the critical ratio to turbulent driving of gravity wave oscillations. In the linear regime, internal gravity waves are thermally unstable in a thermally balanced medium. Buoyancy oscillations in a balanced medium with t
cool/t
ff ≫ 1 therefore grow until they saturate without condensing at an amplitude depending on t
cool/t
ff. However, in a medium with 10 ≲ t
cool/t
ff ≲ 20, turbulence with a velocity dispersion roughly half the galaxy’s stellar velocity dispersion can drive those oscillations into condensation. Intriguingly, this is indeed the gas-phase velocity dispersion observed among multiphase galaxy cluster cores. It is therefore possible that both the critical t
cool/t
ff ratio for condensation of ambient gas and the level of turbulence in that gas are determined by coupling between condensation, feedback, and turbulence. Such a system can converge to a well-regulated equilibrium state, if the fraction of feedback energy going into turbulence is subdominant.
ALMA Polarimetry of Sgr A*: Probing the Accretion Flow from the Event Horizon to the Bondi Radius
Authors: Bower Geoffrey C. , Broderick Avery , Dexter Jason , Doeleman Shepherd , Falcke Heino , Fish Vincent , Johnson Michael D. , Marrone Daniel P. , Moran James M. , Moscibrodzka Monika , Peck Alison , Plambeck Richard L. , Rao Ramprasad
Published: November 2018

Millimeter polarimetry of Sgr A* probes the linearly polarized emission region on a scale of ∼10 Schwarzschild radii (R

S
), as well as the dense, magnetized accretion flow on scales out to the Bondi radius (∼105
R

S
) through Faraday rotation. We present here multi-epoch ALMA Band 6 (230 GHz) polarimetry of Sgr A*. The results confirm a mean rotation measure,

, consistent with measurements over the past 20 yr, and support an interpretation of the RM as originating from a radiatively inefficient accretion flow with

. Variability is observed for the first time in the RM on timescales that range from hours to months. The long-term variations may be the result of changes in the line-of-sight properties in a turbulent accretion flow. Short-term variations in the apparent RM are not necessarily the result of Faraday rotation and may be the result of complex emission and propagatation effects close to the black hole, some of which have been predicted in numerical modeling. We also confirm the detection of circular polarization at a mean value of −1.1% ± 0.2%. It is variable in amplitude on timescales from hours to months, but the handedness remains unchanged from that observed in past centimeter- and millimeter-wavelength detections. These results provide critical constraints for the analysis and interpretation of Event Horizon Telescope data of Sgr A*, M87, and similar sources.
Three-dimensional Simulation of Double Detonations in the Double-degenerate Model for Type Ia Supernovae and Interaction of Ejecta with a Surviving White Dwarf Companion
Authors: Tanikawa Ataru , Nomoto Ken’ichi , Nakasato Naohito
Published: November 2018

We study the hydrodynamics and nucleosynthesis in the double-detonation model of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) and the interaction between the ejecta and a surviving white dwarf (WD) companion in the double-degenerate scenario. We set up a binary star system with 1.0 and 0.6 M
⊙ carbon–oxygen (CO) WDs, where the primary WD consists of a CO core and helium (He) shell with 0.95 and 0.05 M
⊙, respectively. We follow the evolution of the binary star system from the initiation of an He detonation, ignition and propagation of a CO detonation, and the interaction of SN ejecta with the companion WD. The companion (or surviving) WD gets a flung-away velocity of ∼1700 km s−1 and captures 56Ni of ∼0.03 M
⊙ and He of

. Such He can be detected on the surface of surviving WDs. The SN ejecta contains a “companion-origin stream” and unburned materials stripped from the companion WD (

), although the stream compositions would depend on the He shell mass of the companion WD. The ejecta has also a velocity shift of ∼1000 km s−1 due to the binary motion of the exploding primary WD. These features would be prominent in nebular-phase spectra of oxygen emission lines from the unburned materials like SN 2010lp and iPTF14atg and of blue- or redshifted Fe-group emission lines from the velocity shift like a part of subluminous SNe Ia. We expect that SN Ia counterparts to the D6 model would leave these fingerprints for SN Ia observations.
Tidally Induced Bars in Gas-rich Dwarf Galaxies Orbiting the Milky Way
Authors: Gajda Grzegorz , Łokas Ewa L. , Athanassoula E.
Published: November 2018

Bars in galaxies may form not only through instability but also as a result of an interaction with another galaxy. In particular, they may appear in disky dwarf galaxies interacting with Milky Way–like galaxies. Here we report the results of Nbody/SPH simulations of such dwarfs orbiting in the static potential of a larger galaxy. We used several models of the dwarf galaxy, all of the same mass but covering a large range of gas fractions: 0%, 30%, and 70%. We also tested the impact of subgrid star formation processes. In all cases, bars of similar length formed in the stellar disk of the dwarfs at the first pericenter passage. However, unexpectedly, the gaseous component remained approximately axisymmetric and unaffected by the bar potential. The bar properties did not change significantly between two consecutive pericenters. The impact of the later encounters with the host depends strongly on the exact orientation of the bar at the pericenter. When the bar is spun up by the tidal force torque, it is also shortened. Conversely, if it is slowed down, it gets longer. In the models with a low gas fraction, the bars were more pronounced and survived until the end of the simulations, while in the dwarfs with a high gas fraction, the bars were destroyed after the second or third pericenter passage. In terms of the ratio of the corotation radius to the bar length, the bars are slow, and remain so independently of the encounters with the host.
An FMOS Survey of Moderate-luminosity, Broad-line AGNs in COSMOS, SXDS, and E-CDF-S
Authors: Schulze Andreas , Silverman John D. , Kashino Daichi , Akiyama Masayuki , Schramm Malte , Sanders Dave , Kartaltepe Jeyhan , Daddi Emanuele , Rodighiero Giulia , Renzini Alvio , Arimoto Nobuo , Nagao Tohru , Puglisi Annagrazia , Trakhtenbrot Benny , Civano Francesca , Suh Hyewon
Published: November 2018

We present near-IR spectroscopy in the J- and H-bands for a large sample of 243 X-ray-selected, moderate-luminosity Type 1 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in the COSMOS, SXDS, and E-CDF-S survey fields using the multi-object spectrograph Subaru/FMOS. Our sample covers the redshift range 0.5 ≲ z ≲ 3.0 and X-ray luminosity range of 1043 ≲ 

 ≲ 1045 erg s−1. We provide emission-line properties and derived virial black hole mass estimates, bolometric luminosities, and Eddington ratios, based on Hα (211), Hβ (63), and Mg ii (4). We compare line widths, luminosities, and black hole mass estimates from Hα and Hβ, and augment these with commensurate measurements of Mg ii and C iv detected in optical spectra. We demonstrate the robustness of using Hα, Hβ, and Mg ii as reliable black hole mass estimators for high-z moderate-luminosity AGNs, while the use of C iv is prone to large uncertainties (≳0.4 dex). We extend a recently proposed correction based on the C iv blueshift to lower luminosities and black hole masses. While our sample shows an improvement in their C iv black hole mass estimates, the deficit of high blueshift sources reduces its overall importance for moderate-luminosity AGNs compared to the most luminous quasars. In addition, we revisit luminosity correlations between L
bol,

, L
[O iii], L
5100, and L
Hα
and find them to be consistent with a simple empirical model, based on a small number of well-established scaling relations. Finally, we highlight our highest redshift AGN, CID 781, at z = 4.6, which has the lowest black hole mass (∼108
M
⊙) among current near-IR samples at this redshift and is in a state of fast growth.
Microtensile Bond Strength of Composite to Enamel Using Universal Adhesive with/without Acid Etching Compared To Etch and Rinse and Self-Etch Bonding Agents
Authors: Pouyanfar Hoda , Seyed Tabaii Elaheh , Aghazadeh Samaneh , Tabatabaei Navaei Nobari Seyyed Pedram , Imani Mohammad Moslem
Published: November 2018

AIM: Considering the recent introduction of universal adhesives and the controversy regarding the use/no use of etchant prior to their application, this study sought to assess the microtensile bond strength of composite to enamel using universal adhesive with/without acid etching compared to three-step etch and rinse, two-step etch and rinse and two-step self-etch bonding agents.
METHODS: This in vitro, an experimental study was conducted on 80 extracted sound human molars in five groups (16 each): Scotchbond Universal adhesive (3M) with/without prior etching, Adper Scthe otchbond Multi-Purpose, Single Bond and Clearfil SE Bond. Etching was performed with 37% phosphoric acid for 20 seconds followed by rinsing and drying. The bonding agent was then applied and light-cured. The e-lite composite was bonded to surfaces and light-cured. The teeth were then mounted, sectioned and subjected to microtensile bond strength test in a universal testing machine. The mode of failure was, determined under a stereomicroscope. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test.
RESULTS: Universal adhesive with prior etching yielded the highest bond strength (P = 0.03). Pairwise comparisons showed that the bond strength of this group was significantly higher than that of universal adhesive without prior etching (P = 0.04). No other significant differences were noted (P > 0.05). The modes of failure were significantly different among the groups (P = 0.003).
CONCLUSION: Enamel etching with phosphoric acid can significantly increase the bond strength to universal adhesive. Universal adhesive without prior etching provided the bond strength as high as that provided by etching and rinse and self-etch bonding agents.
The Relationship between Resiliency and Burnout in Iranian Nurses: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Deldar Kolsoum , Froutan Razieh , Dalvand Sahar , Ghanei Gheshlagh Reza , Mazloum Seyed Reza
Published: November 2018

Introduction: The impact of resiliency on professional burnout in nurses has been evaluated in several studies. This meta-analysis was conducted to examine the effect of resiliency on different aspects of nurses' professional burnout.
Materials and Methods: Publications were identified through targeted literature review in national and international databases between 1980 – 2017, in Persian and English. Two independent coders assessed and extracted articles. Data analysis was done by random effects model. Study heterogeneity was measured by I2 test. The data were analyzed by STATA software v. 14.
Results: Initially, 227 articles were extracted. After titles and abstract screening, 108 articles were selected for full text review. Only five of them had the necessary inclusion criteria for analysis. The meta-analysis performed on these observational studies showed that correlation between resiliency and burnout was -0.57 with a 95% confidence interval of -0.354 to -0.726.
Conclusion: Regarding the inverse relationship between resiliency and burnout, it is recommended to plan for the interventions that can improve the resilience of nurses against burnout. Conducting interventional and resilient training courses for nurses in nursing education can be considered.
Treatment of Depressive Conditions in Pregnancy
Authors: Arsova Slavica , Bajraktarov Stojan , Hadzihamza Kadri , Isijanovski Viktor
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUND: Mother’s mental state during pregnancy is of substantial importance for the mother, but also for the infant and his/her future growth and development. Depressive maternal disorders during pregnancy have a significant influence on the development of the baby during pregnancy as well as on the future development and mother-baby relation, the breastfeeding process and care for the baby.
AIM: This study aimed to determine the influence of SSRI antidepressant therapy and psychosocial and therapeutic interventions on depression during pregnancy. It was also our aim to determine the relation between severity of depression and sociodemographic characteristics.
METHODS: The study included 40 women, with diagnosis F32 and F33 according to ICD 10, that is, with severe depressive disorder within depressive episodes or recurrent depressive disorder. Patients were evaluated at the beginning of the treatment and 3 months after antidepressant treatment. They were followed-up for two years.
RESULTS: The results obtained have shown that a larger number of mothers treated with antidepressant medications, had normal childbirth with the unremarkable condition of both, the mother and the newborn baby.
CONCLUSION: A well-combined treatment of maternal depression during pregnancy reduces the risk of postpartum depression, which is by itself a prerequisite for normal emotional and behavioural development of the child.
A Successful Tracheal Resection and Anastomosis in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma with Tracheal Invasion
Authors: Setiawan I Gede Budhi , Adiputra Putu Anda Tusta
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUND: Well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) can be locally aggressive, invading aerodigestive tract. The rationale for aggressive surgical resection in this clinical setting is supported by a long-term local control with a positive impact on survival.
CASE REPORT: A 60-year-old male patient was consulted by a digestive surgeon of unaware thyroid enlargement. Physical and imaging examination showed a suspect of thyroid malignancy. During surgery, we found that a tumour had invaded the anterior side of the trachea. Resection of three tracheal rings was performed, with end-to-end anastomosis. Surgical outcome regarding nervous preservation and parathyroid glands was good as well as cosmetic aspect. During one-year follow-up, no indication of tumour recurrence was found. The management of locally invasive DTC has been controversial yielding the palliative surgery modalities. Advances in surgical technique have given a new perspective of resection in a difficult case. This case report was managed by sleeve resection with end-to-end anastomosis which showed a satisfactory outcome functionally and cosmetically.
CONCLUSION: Sleeve resection with primary reconstruction of the trachea is a simple one-stage procedure which can adequately address the problem of tracheal invasion by thyroid cancer.