bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in the epidemiology of pediatric sinogenic and otogenic intracranial infections during the COVID-19 pandemic: a single-institution study
Authors: Angelo Sophia J. , Anderson Megan G. , Sutter Pearl A. , Halloran Patrick J. , Kavanagh Katherine R. , Paro Mitch R. , Martin Jonathan E. , Bookland Markus J. , Michelow Ian C. , Hersh David S.
Published: May 2023

OBJECTIVE

Focal intracranial infections (epidural abscesses, subdural empyemas, and intraparenchymal abscesses) are uncommon complications of sinusitis and otitis media but can be associated with significant morbidity. Treatment typically requires neurosurgical and otolaryngological interventions in combination with antibiotic treatment. Historically, children have presented to the authors’ pediatric referral center with sinusitis- or otitis media–related intracranial infections in low numbers. However, since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the incidence of intracranial pyogenic complications has increased at this center. The objective of this study was to compare the epidemiology, severity, microbial causes, and management of pediatric sinusitis- and otitis–related intracranial infections in the periods before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS

All patients 21 years of age or younger who presented with an intracranial infection in the setting of sinusitis or otitis media and who underwent neurosurgical treatment at Connecticut Children’s from January 2012 to December 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiological data were systematically collated, and variables before and during COVID-19 were compared statistically.

RESULTS

Overall, 18 patients were treated for sinusitis-related (n = 16) or otitis media–related (n = 2) intracranial infections during the study period. Ten patients (56%) presented from January 2012 to February 2020, none from March 2020 to June 2021, and 8 (44%) from July 2021 to December 2022. There were no significant demographic differences between the pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 cohorts. The 10 patients in the pre-COVID-19 cohort underwent a total of 15 neurosurgical and 10 otolaryngological procedures, while the 8 patients in the COVID-19 cohort underwent a total of 12 neurosurgical and 10 otolaryngological procedures. Surgically obtained wound cultures yielded a variety of organisms; Streptococcus constellatus/S. anginosus/S. intermedius were more prevalent in the COVID-19 cohort (87.5% vs 0%, p < 0.001) as was Parvimonas micra (62.5% vs 0%, p = 0.007).

CONCLUSIONS

At an institutional level, there has been an approximately threefold increase in cases of sinusitis- and otitis media–related intracranial infections during the COVID-19 pandemic. Multicenter studies are needed to confirm this observation and to investigate whether the mechanisms of infection are related directly to SARS-CoV-2, changes in the respiratory flora, or delayed care. The next steps will include expansion of this study to other pediatric centers throughout the United States and Canada.
Demographics, referral patterns, and outcome of patients with neural tube defects in southwestern Uganda
Authors: Punchak Maria , Nambi Najjuma Josephine , Razak Shahaan S. , Nakaziba Zaina , Kasoba Amos Mbusa , Haglund Michael M. , Fuller Anthony T. , Kitya David
Published: May 2023

OBJECTIVE

In Uganda, the burden of neural tube defects (NTDs) poses a serious neurosurgical and public health challenge; however, published data on this patient population are lacking. The authors sought to characterize the population of patients with NTDs, maternal characteristics, and referral patterns of these patients, and to quantify the burden of NTDs in southwestern Uganda.

METHODS

A retrospective neurosurgical database at a referral hospital was reviewed to identify all patients with NTDs treated between August 2016 and May 2022. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the patient population and maternal risk factors. A Wilcoxon rank-sum test and chi-square test were used to determine the association between demographic variables and patient mortality.

RESULTS

A total of 235 patients were identified (121 male, 52%). The median age at presentation was 2 days (IQR 1–8 days). A total of 87% of patients with NTDs presented with spina bifida (n = 204) and 31 presented with encephalocele (13%). The most common location of dysraphism was lumbosacral (n = 180, 88%). Of all patients, 80% were delivered vaginally (n = 188). Overall, 67% of patients were discharged (n = 156) and 10% died (n = 23). The median length of stay was 12 days (IQR 7–19 days). The median maternal age was 26 years (IQR 22–30 years). The majority of mothers received only primary education (n = 100, 43%). The majority of mothers reported prenatal folate use (n = 158, 67%) and regular antenatal care (n = 220, 94%), although only 23% underwent an antenatal ultrasound (n = 55). Mortality was associated with younger age at presentation (p = 0.01), need for blood transfusion (p = 0.016) and oxygen supplementation (p < 0.001), and maternal education level (p = 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to describe the population of patients with NTDs and their mothers in southwestern Uganda. A prospective case-control study is necessary to identify unique demographic and genetic risk factors associated with NTDs in this region.
Duration of neurological deficit and outcomes in the surgical treatment of spinal coccidioidomycosis
Authors: Semonche Alexa , Scheer Justin K. , Shah Vinil N. , Fung Monica , Tan Lee A. , Chou Dean , Mummaneni Praveen V. , Berven Sigurd H. , Ames Christopher P. , Deviren Vedat , Theologis Alekos A. , Clark Aaron J.
Published: May 2023

OBJECTIVE

Vertebral osteomyelitis is a rare complication of coccidioidomycosis infection. Surgical intervention is indicated when there is failure of medical management or presence of neurological deficit, epidural abscess, or spinal instability. The relationship between timing of surgical intervention and recovery of neurological function has not been previously described. The purpose of this study was to investigate if the duration of neurological deficits at presentation affects neurological recovery after surgical intervention.

METHODS

This was a retrospective study of all patients diagnosed with coccidioidomycosis involving the spine at a single tertiary care center between 2012 and 2021. Data collected included patient demographics, clinical presentation, radiographic information, and surgical intervention. The primary outcome was change in neurological examination after surgical intervention, quantified according to the American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale. The secondary outcome was the complication rate. Logistic regression was used to test if the duration of neurological deficits was associated with improvement in the neurological examination after surgery.

RESULTS

Twenty-seven patients presented with spinal coccidioidomycosis between 2012 and 2021; 20 of these patients had vertebral involvement on spinal imaging with a median follow-up of 8.7 months (IQR 1.7–71.2 months). Of the 20 patients with vertebral involvement, 12 (60.0%) presented with a neurological deficit with a median duration of 20 days (range 1–61 days). Most patients presenting with neurological deficit (11/12, 91.7%) underwent surgical intervention. Nine (81.2%) of these 11 patients had an improved neurological examination after surgery and the other 2 had stable deficits. Seven patients had improved recovery sufficient to improve by 1 grade according to the AIS. The duration of neurological deficits on presentation was not significantly associated with neurological improvement after surgery (p = 0.49, Fisher’s exact test).

CONCLUSIONS

The duration of neurological deficits on presentation should not deter surgeons from operative intervention in cases of spinal coccidioidomycosis.
Neglected tropical diseases vectors occurrence data identified during medical consultations in hospitals in southern and central Benin
Authors: GBENOU Tania
Published: May 2023

Neglected tropical diseases are a group of preventable and curable diseases that affect 1.5 billion people, 40% of whom live in Africa. These diseases affect the poorest and most vulnerable populations living in remote areas of Africa. They disfigure and disable, prevent children from attending school and parents from working limiting their potential and leaving people trapped in poverty.The occurrences described in this publication cover Benin from January 2, 2015 to December 30, 2020. Patient registration records were used to extract occurrence data. A total of 7306 occurrences of neglected tropical disease vectors belonging to 7 species, 7 families and 5 orders were recorded. All occurrences have geographical coordinates. The large volume of data collected, the wide geographic coverage, and the long-term nature of the observations determined the value of their inclusion in the GBIF site and the need to publish them.
Contemporary Debates on Equity in STEM Education: Takeaways From a Doctoral Seminar in Equity in STEM Education
Authors: Goldberg Elizabeth R , DARWIN TAYLOR Kirkpatrick , Esquibel Jesus S. , Noble Samanthia , Allen Miranda Mullins , Pinheiro Weverton Ataide
Published: May 2023

As the emerging field of equity in STEM education continues to grow, debates surrounding how to best serve populations with historically restricted access and successful outcomes within the STEM fields is growing as well. In this article, a group of doctoral students who took a course titled Equity in STEM Education and discusses their takeaways regarding the literature discussed in the course. The topics covered in this article will center around Gutiérrez’s (2007) equity framework of power, identity, access, and achievement. Through the lens of the equity framework, the dimension of power will be used to present discourse on the sociopolitical turn in STEM education. Identity will be used to explore debates on race, poverty, gender, and sexuality within STEM equity and education. Access will be used to examine discussions on students’ ability to achieve STEM equity in rural settings and within specific domains such as computer science. Finally, achievement will be used to explore arguments on both sides of the achievement gap research. To conclude, we urge researchers, educators, and policymakers to listen and act upon the work of contemporary scholars in order to achieve an equitable STEM education system.
Ransomware Attacks Threat Modeling Using Bayesian Network
Authors: Sulistiadi  , Salman Muhammad
Published: May 2023

Ransomware is a dangerous malware that blocks access to data through encryption, and it exploits device vulnerabilities to perform chain attacks from one system to another. This study results in modeling the threat of ransomware attacks using Bayesian Network. The structure of the model is created using device vulnerabilities that can be exploited. As the basis for calculating the probability of the model, the EPSS vulnerability score is used. The risk exposure rating is calculated through the joint probability distribution formulation based on attack scenarios. Our model shows that ransomware attacks are most likely to exploit the chain of vulnerabilities CVE-2021-26855, CVE-2021-26857, CVE-2021-27065, CVE-2021-36942, and CVE-2017-0144 which has a probability value of 0.046534. In addition, the use of the EPSS also makes the risk assessment more factual, accurate, and effective. The threat modeling method can help in identifying ransomware attacks through a chain of vulnerabilities, making risk assessment more precise.
RESULTS AND PROSPECTS OF THE REFORMING OF TAX SYSTEM IN GEORGIA IN ACCORDANCE WITH EU REQUIREMENTS
Authors: Jalagonia David , Papasqua Iuri
Published: May 2023

Taxes are the main source of formation of the state budget of Georgia. 90% of the total amount accumulated in the country's budget is due to taxes. Value Added Tax (VAT) is approximately 45% of the tax structure, that is, up to 30% of income, up to 10% of income tax, and the rest is excise, import and customs duties. Taking into account the role and importance of taxes in the dynamic and stable development of the country, the article presents the opinions of the authors on the reforms of the Georgian tax system and the main directions for improving tax administration. The essence of the changes made to the tax legislation of Georgia was studied, analyzed and evaluated on the basis of empirical data; the possibility of mobilizing funds in the country's budget through the maximum harmonization of the tax system of Georgia with the best practices of the European Union was argued in this article. The authors develop the next point of view: the tax system of Georgia and its regulation are gradually approaching the European model, although certain norms of tax administration still need to be finalized. Also a full harmonization with the EU tax system is needed.
"Werther in the Forest. On the Function of Madness in Ludwig Tieck's Novella Waldeinsamkeit Taking into Consideration Goethe's Die Leiden des jungen Werther"
Authors:   Universitatea Atena, Lindinger Stefan
Published: May 2023

Seiner letzten Novelle Waldeinsamkeit (1841) verleiht Ludwig Tieck als Titel den Neologismus, den er selbst beinahe fünfzig Jahre zuvor im Blonden Eckbert geprägt hatte. Auf die nunmehr inflationäre Verwendung dieses Begriffes nimmt Tieck ausdrücklich Bezug und widerruft dessen überschwänglich romantische Bedeutung, indem er dessen Gebrauch als schwärmerisch entlarvt. Die Hauptfigur, ein junger Mann namens Ferdinand von Linden, der sich nach Waldeinsamkeit sehnt, wird dabei intertextuell zum paradigmatischen Schwärmer Werther in Beziehung gesetzt. Darüber hinaus werden sowohl in Waldeinsamkeit als auch in Werther (1774/1787) die Hauptfiguren, die sich aufgrund ihrer aus der Balance geratenen Einbildungskraft an der Grenze zwischen Normalem und Pathologischem befinden, in Nebenfiguren gespiegelt, die ganz dem Wahnsinn verfallen sind.
„Holzgesichtiger, / schlackermäuliger / Narr überm Tretrad“. Masks of Madness in Celan's Late Poetry
Authors:   Universitatea de Vest, Timișoara, Cheie Laura
Published: May 2023

"Celans Leben und Werk wurden von erlebten Traumata im und nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg eindeutig geprägt: Die Ermordung der Eltern in einem Konzentrationslager, antisemitische Attacken, eine jahrelang skrupellos gegen ihn geführte Rufmordkampagne, das Unverständnis auch enger Freunde für seine existenzielle Situation sind schmerzliche Erlebnisse, die beim sensiblen und luziden Dichter aus der Bukowina tiefgreifende Gefühle der Schuld des Überlebenden, der Vereinsamung und Verzweiflung entstehen ließen. Spuren des zerstörerischen bzw. des rebellischen Wahns der Täter bzw. der Opfer durchziehen mehr oder weniger explizit seine Gedichte. Der folgende Beitrag konzentriert sich auf Celans Auseinandersetzung mit dem pathologischen Wahnsinn in seiner Spätlyrik, anhand der Gedichte Schief aus dem Band Fadensonnen und Holzgesichtiger aus dem Zeitraum des Bandes Schneepart, und erläutert, wie die Umfunktionierung des Wahns in eine Maske Ängste objektiviert und somit begreifbar und ertragbar macht."
Sociogram of the Disturbed Protagonist in Ulrich Plenzdorf's Kein runter kein fern
Authors:   Universitatea Lucian Blaga din Sibiu, Galter Sunhild
Published: May 2023

Ulrich Plenzdorfs Kurzprosatext Kein runter kein fern aus dem Jahr 1973 zeigt die ausweglose Lage eines behinderten Zehnjährigen in der suppressiven sozialistischen Gesellschaft der damaligen Deutschen Demokratischen Republik (DDR), der auch von seiner Familie, dem systemtreuen Vater und dem älteren Bruder, der Polizist ist, nicht nur keinerlei Hilfe, Verständnis und Unterstützung erhält, sondern zusätzlich kleingemacht wird. Plenzdorf wollte mit seinen kritischen literarischen Werken auf Probleme des sozialistischen Alltags hinweisen, ohne die sozialistische Gesellschaft als solche in Frage zu stellen. Er wollte einen humaneren, situationsangepassten Umgang mit diesen bewirken, dennoch endet der Text mit einer biblisch-apokalyp-tischen Szene, in der der Volkspolizist seinen kleinen, behinderten Bruder brutal zusammenschlägt, vielleicht sogar tötet.
Close to Madness - An Approach of Herta Müller's Texts
Authors:   Universitatea de Vest, Timișoara, Nubert Roxana , Dascălu-Romițan Ana-Maria ,   Universitatea de Vest, Tmisoara
Published: May 2023

Das Thema des Wahnsinns spielt seit dem Debütband Niederungen (1982) eine wichtige Rolle in Herta Müllers Texten. Schon in ihrem Essayband Hunger und Seide schreibt die Verfasserin, dass die Irren „nicht mehr und nicht weniger“ waren „als der Blick hinter dem Schein dieses Regimes“ . Im Roman Atemschaukel (2009) ist der Wahnsinn eine Folge der unmenschlichen Bedingungen in den sowjetischen Arbeitslagern. Auch im Essayband Der König verneigt sich und tötet (2003) rückt die autobiographisch geprägte Ich-Gestalt in die Welt des Wahnsinns, in die sie durch die ständige Verfolgung durch die Securitate getrieben wird. Der Wahnsinn als eine Alternative des Alltags rückt in den Mittelpunkt von Herta Müllers poetischem und essayistischem Werk und zeigt die Abgründigkeit menschlicher Verhaltensweisen unter den Bedingungen einer Diktatur.
To ta l g a g a. On the Conceptualisation of Madness in Phraseology
Authors:   Universitatea Lucian Blaga din Sibiu, Sava Doris
Published: May 2023

Tradierte Konzepte werden durch ständigen Gebrauch bei den Sprechern mental gefestigt. Von der Allgegenwärtigkeit der Metapher im Alltag ausgehend, zeigt der Beitrag am Beispiel der Konzeptualisierung von WAHNSINN/ VERRÜCKTHEIT auf, wie dieser extreme Geisteszustand im Deutschen versprachlicht wird, wie reich hierbei das phraseologische Material ausfällt und welches Metapherninventar für dieses Konzept vorhanden ist.
What a Fool! What Nonsense! On the Etymology and Geography of the above Surnames in Germany
Authors:   Universitatea Alexandru Ioan Cuza din Iași, Nistor Adina-Lucia
Published: May 2023

Die Verfasserin nimmt sich vor, die Übernamen N a r r , für einen närrischen, törichten Menschen, sehr oft aber auch nach einer, in mittelalterlichen Fastnachts- oder Karnevalsspielen, besetzten Narrenrolle und den Namen U n s i n n , für einen wahnsinnigen Menschen, zu etymologisieren und die heutigen Namen Narr (518 Tel. ) und Unsinn (233 Tel.) in Deutschland geografisch zu lokalisieren. Beide Namen konzentrieren sich im Süd- und Ostmitteldeutschen (vgl. Namenkarte Narr und Unsinn). Darüber hinaus wird der Name N a r r , der aus dem gleichlautenden Appellativ hervorgegangen ist, etymologisch mit dem Appellativ Narr und mit sprichwörtlichen und phraseologischen Bildungen mit dem Kernwort Narr, kontextualisiert und etymologisch analysiert (vgl. natürliche Narren, Berufsstand des Narrentums und Narrenrollen in Fastnachtsspielen).
El impacto social del presupuesto participativo en Pasto: 25 años después de su implementación
Authors: Belalcazar Benavides Nancy Andrea , Rosero Lombana Paula Andrea , Rosero Bacca Mónica Manduby
Published: May 2023

En este libro, se pretende analizar la dinámica del Presupuesto Participativo de Pasto, el más antiguo de Colombia, para profundizar en algunos de los principales factores que contribuyen al alcance de ejercicios continuos y consistentes de PP, por medio de la auscultación de las razones que hicieron que el proceso de Pasto alcanzase su permanencia a lo largo del tiempo, así como las principales fallas detectadas en este ejercicio. Por lo tanto, se realizaron pesquisas documentales y bibliográficas, así como la aplicación de entrevistas a los principales actores ubicados en las comunas y corregimientos del corredor oriental.
Does Education Improve Environmental Quality in Saudi Arabia?
Authors: Gheraia Zouheyr , Abid Mehdi , Abdelli Hanane , Alenezi Fawaz
Published: May 2023

Since the adoption of the Paris Agreement (UNFCCC, 2015), education has indeed been recognized internationally as an essential tool for informing, raising awareness and engaging the public in the fight against climate change. The current study utilizes the ARDL model to investigate the nonlinear relationship between economic growth, education and carbon emissions for Saudi Arabia over the period 2017–2020. The results show that primary education has no effect on CO2 emissions while secondary and tertiary education have a negative effect on CO2 emissions. The results also confirm the non-linear and the inverted U-shaped relationship between both CO2 emissions and education (secondary and tertiary) and between CO2 emissions and economic growth. Our results are important in terms of economic policy. First, they highlight the importance of human capital in environmental protection. Second, the current accumulation of knowledge is certainly a factor of economic growth but also of pollution growth. It is not a question of recommending a reconsideration of education policies whose intrinsic values are obvious. On the contrary, there is a need to introduce a change in the perception and role of education in favor of the environment.
Pengaruh Dosis Molases Dan Waktu Ensilase Terhadap Kualitas Fisik Silase Ransum Komplit Limbah Tanaman Jagung
Authors: Dianingtyas Brilian Desca , Mukmin Amiril , Saputra Ian Dewa
Published: May 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui level pemberian molases dengan perbedaan lama proses ensilase terhadap karakteristik fisik silase ransum komplit berbasis limbah tanaman jagung. Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi jerami jagung (batang dan daun), molases, bahan konsentrat (pollard, bungkil kelapa, dan bungkil kedelai). Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial dengan 2 faktor yang terdiri dari faktor A yang merupakan level molasses (0%, 5%, 10%) dan faktor B yang merupakan lama proses ensilase (7 hari, 14 hari, 21 hari, 28 hari) dan diulang sebanyak 4 kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa interaksi antara level molases dan lama proses ensilase memberikan pengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap tekstur, warna, bau silase serta keberadaan jamur. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah kombinasi penambahan molases sebesar 5% dengan lama ensilase selama 21 hari menunjukkan silase ransum komplit berbasis limbah tanaman jagung dengan kualitas terbaik.
Inovasi Sistem Perkandangan Ayam Broiler Di Wilayah Luas Lahan Terbatas
Authors: Nurihayanti Onny
Published: May 2023

Usaha budidaya ayam broiler merupakan sektor peternakan yang paling efisien untuk memenuhi kebutuhan daging masyarakat. Dari tahun ke tahun, populasi ayam broiler mengalami peningkatan. Sedangkan pertambahan populasi penduduk di Indonesia menyebabkan semakin sempitnya lahan untuk beternak, sehingga diperlukan inovasi perkandangan broiler di wilayah lahan terbatas, namun tidak menurunkan produktifitas ayam. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan observasi ke lokasi peternakan yang telah menerapkan inovasi sistem perkandangan di lahan terbatas. Parameter yang diamati dalam observasi ini adalah topografi dan kondisi lingkungan areal kandang, konstruksi kandang, manajemen kondisi di dalam kandang dan produktifitas ayam. Hasil observasi menunjukkan bahwa kandang broiler tersebut menerapkan sistem semi closed-house bertingkat dengan tipe lantai gabungan postal – slatt (postal panggung bertingkat). Sistem perkandangan ini terbukti dapat memberikan kenyamanan (comfort zone) bagi ayam dan menciptakan micro-climate (iklim mikro) yang ideal di dalam kandang, sehingga produktifitas ayam terjaga dengan baik.
Assessment of the Relationship Between Intention to Migrate With Workload and a Healthy Work Environment of Nurses
Authors:   Department of Nursing Management, Nursing Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Salehi Tahmine , Mirzaee Mohammadsaeed ,   Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Nursing Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Haghani Shima ,   Nursing Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Salehinia Nadia ,   Nursing Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: May 2023

Background: Like other countries in the world, Iran is facing the problem of a shortage of nurses. Meanwhile, many Iranian nurses migrate to other countries every year. The present study aims to assess the relationships between migration intention, workload, and a healthy work environment for nurses. Methods: This cross-sectional correlational study was conducted in 2020 using a proportional stratified sampling of 360 nurses working in the Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS) teaching hospitals. The study data were collected through a demographic questionnaire, the nurses’ intention to migrate questionnaire, the NASA task load index, and the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses Healthy Work Environment Assessment. In this study, we used the independent t-test, analysis of variance, and the Pearson correlation coefficient for data analysis at a significance level of <0.05 in SPSS software, version 16. Results: The Mean±SD intention to migrate score was 65.59±33.51. A weak but significant positive correlation existed between the intention to migrate and workload (r=0.166, P=0.002). There was an inverse and weak relationship between the intention to migrate and a healthy work environment (r=-0.160, P=0.002). There was also a significant relationship between the intention of nurses to migrate and their work experience (P=0.048) and employment status (P=0.001). Conclusion: The prevention of nurses’ migration must be investigated thoroughly to determine the reasons. But according to the results of this study, providing a healthy work environment and maintaining the current workforce by providing the indicators desired by nurses may partly prevent excessive migration of nurses.
A combination of Sephadexes for the milk whey protein fractions isolation
Authors: Yukalo V. G. , Datsyshyn K. Ye.
Published: May 2023

Whey proteins perform important biological functions. They can also be a source of numerous natural bioactive peptides that have a positive effect on various physiological systems of the body. For research and usage of this phenomenon, the question of these proteins isolating with saving of their structure and biological functions is relevant. Considering the significant difference in molecular weights, gel filtration is a promising method. The purpose of the study was the fractionation of milk whey proteins using gel filtration with a combination of different dextran gels. We used in the work milk whey proteins after isoelectric precipitation of casein and isolation of low molecular weight peptides by gel filtration on Sephadex G-25. The first gel filtration of the whey protein preparation was performed on a column with Sephadex G-150. For further fractionation were used three sectors from the first two chromatographic peaks obtained by gel filtration on Sephadex G-150. The first peak contains high molecular fractions of proteins eluting with a volume close to the free volume of the chromatographic column. The second asymmetric peak consists mainly of β-lactoglobulin and α-lactalbumin mixture. The third peak includes low molecular weight polypeptides and peptides that are not fixed in a polyacrylamide gel. The combined chromatographic fractions of three sectors from the first two chromatographic peaks were re-fractionated on a G-100 column. Electrophoretic analysis of chromatographic fractions after repeated chromatography of milk whey proteins confirmed the feasibility of choosing a certain sequence of sephadex. At the same time, the yield of β-lactoglobulin fraction increases by 12 ± 1 %, and α-lactalbumin by 9 ± 1 % compared to the results obtained by repeated gel filtration on one Sephadex (G-100). The degree of purification of β-lactoglobulin and α-lactalbumin, according to the densitometry, was 93 ± 5 % and 77 ± 4 %, respectively.
Features of obtaining and properties of thin films organic semiconductors
Authors: Tsizh B. , Dziamski Z.
Published: May 2023

In recent decades, thin films of organic semiconductors (OS), or, as they are also called, organic molecular crystals, have attracted special attention in connection with a number of proposals for their use in functional units of modern electronics, and therefore in modern technological equipment. At the same time, the optical, electrophysical and photoelectric properties of OS are very important, which are determined both by the structure of organic molecules, that is, the starting material, and by the crystal structure of condensates, that is, by the technological conditions of film production. In this regard, this article presents the results of studies of some properties of OS and the technology of obtaining thin films based on them. OS are characterized by weak intermolecular bonds of the Van der Baals type, which causes the low energy of their crystal lattice. In this regard, the electronic structure of individual molecules during the formation of a crystal does not change significantly, and the properties of the crystals almost completely preserve the individual features of the molecules in combination with new properties caused by their collective interaction. This determines the main features of optical and electrophysical properties of OS, their energy structure of neutral and ionized states. In this article, it is experimentally confirmed that the planar structure of atoms of molecular crystals, in particular, linear acenes, and therefore the number of π-electrons responsible for exciton absorption in the visible region of the spectrum determines the position of the edge of their own optical absorption. It was also confirmed that the long-wavelength shift of the optical absorption edge of thin films of phthalocyanines is observed when atoms of heavy elements, for example, lead, are introduced into the molecule. When atoms of lighter elements are introduced into the phthalocyanine molecule, their planarity is not disturbed, and the long-wavelength shift of the edge is much smaller. An explanation of such changes is presented based on the interaction of foreign atoms with the π-electron system of phthalocyanine rings of neighboring molecules. The significant influence of the technological parameters of production, in particular the temperature of the substrate during thermal sputtering, on the crystal structure and optical properties of thin films of linear polyacenes and metallophthalocyanines has been demonstrated and substantiated. The possibility of controlling and presetting the necessary properties of thin-film condensates of molecular crystals is shown.
The role of bifidobacteria in the production of functional products
Authors: Solomon A.
Published: May 2023

The structure of nutrition of the population of Ukraine currently does not meet the modern principles of rational nutrition and practical dietetics. The problem of organizing and ensuring proper nutrition of people, its adequacy and balance is one of the most important tasks of joint activities. Bifidobacteria are one of the most important groups of intestinal microorganisms that dominate the anaerobic flora of the colon. Bifidobacteria are actively involved in the restoration of normal intestinal microflora in gastrointestinal diseases and after antibiotic treatment. To stimulate their development, it is necessary to use strains of bifidobacteria adapted to milk, to provide the necessary composition of the nutrient medium and growth stimulants for their development, and also to cultivate them together with lactic acid bacteria with high β-galactosidase activity, due to which their own β-galactoside increases. bifidobacteria. Fermented dairy products are the main suppliers of probiotic microorganisms that contribute to the maintenance and restoration of the human microbial ecology. Probiotic cultures that provide a beneficial effect on the consumer's body and normalize the composition and functions of the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract include such types of lacto- and bifidobacteria as Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Bifidobacterium spp. (B. adolescentis, B. animalis ssp. lactis, B. bifidum, B. longum, B. breve). It should be noted that for the majority of microorganisms that are representatives of the normal human intestinal microflora, milk is an unfavorable environment for their development. This is due to the fact that in milk there are practically no low-molecular compounds necessary for the development of microorganisms, such as free amino acids, monosaccharides, etc., and also because most bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus, Lactococcus and Bifidobacterium belong to obligate anaerobes, which negatively act. oxygen dissolved in milk. Therefore, bifidobacteria, related to anaerobes, develop very slowly in milk.
Activity of blood serum enzymes and their relationship with feeding and meat qualities in young pigs of different intrageneric differentiation according to the “formation intensity” index
Authors: Khalak V. I. , Gutyj B. V.
Published: May 2023

The article presents the study results of the activity of blood serum enzymes, fattening, and meat qualities of young pigs of the universal direction of productivity, considering their intrabreed differentiation according to the “formation intensity” index. It was established that the activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the blood serum of young pigs of the large white breed corresponds to the physiological norm of clinically healthy animals; by the age of reaching a live weight of 100 kg, the thickness of lard at the level of 6–7 thoracic vertebrae and the length of the chilled carcass – I class and elite class. Taking into account the intrabreed differentiation of young pigs of the large white breed according to the “formation intensity” index, the animals of the experimental group I (∆ = 0.715–1.009) exceeded those of the same age as II (∆ = 1.011–1.356) in terms of average daily increase in live weight by 5.71%, age reaching a live weight of 100 kg – 1.28 %, fat thickness at the level of 6–7 thoracic vertebrae – 1.44 %. The pairwise correlation coefficient between biochemical indicators of blood serum and fattening and meat qualities of young pigs of the large white breed shows that this biometric indicator varies from -0.344 ± 0.1485 to +0.402 ± 0.1448. The maximum increase in additional production was obtained from young pigs of the first experimental group, in which the “formation intensity” index ranges from 0.715 to 1.009 points (+3.40 %). The criterion for selecting highly productive animals of the leading herd based on the absolute parameters of their offspring's fattening and meat qualities is their correspondence to the elite class, according to the “intensity of formation” index – 0.715–1.009 points
Breast Cancer Understanding Among University Students: A Rapid Review of Cross-country Comparisons
Authors: Colman Rory , Kirkman Ann , Jackson Jessica , Golbourn Lucie , Ozaki Akihiko , Kotera Yasuhiro
Published: May 2023

Background: In alignment with the World Health Organization’s Global Breast Cancer Initiative objectives, this rapid review sought to determine the extent to which breast cancer understanding is being researched globally in undergraduate student populations, and review recent findings, to inform policy makers and practitioners on the baseline level of student understanding by world region.
Methods: Four academic databases were searched, and 114 studies meeting the search criteria were assessed based upon Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology reporting guidelines and comprehensiveness of coverage for the factors of interest. Finally, 33 were selected as representing quality research from all world regions producing recent research of this topic. Their findings were narratively synthesized.
Results: The majority of recent research emanates from regions with accelerating breast cancer mortality rates, corresponding with lower economic resources, primarily within Africa and Asia. Most focus on breast cancer understanding in female participants, with little data available for males or minority gender groups. Disparity between medical and non-medical students’ breast cancer understanding is widely reported, though breast cancer understanding is found to be inadequate for most students. Interventions to improve breast cancer understanding indicate promising results, though a lack of standardized measures, together with inadequate reporting of effect sizes, makes meta-analysis of prevailing data challenging.
Conclusion: Evidence suggests undergraduate students’ breast cancer understanding globally is inadequate, showing the necessity of increased rigor in research design and reporting to facilitate reliable knowledge generation. Systematic reviews are recommended to widen the scope and depth of this rapid review in support of WHO targets.
Female Breast Cancer in Northern Ghana: A Retrospective Histopathological Study at the Department of Pathology of the Tamale Teaching Hospital (TTH) (2012 To 2021)
Authors: Der Edmund , Abantanga Francis A.
Published: May 2023

Background: Data on breast cancer (BC) in northern Ghana is scant. The aim of this study was to provide data on the clinicopathological, prognostic and molecular characteristics of BC in females of northern Ghana.
Methods: Data on breast cancer patients (n = 1,913) in the Department of Pathology of the Tamale Teaching Hospital (TTH) was collected from 1st January, 2012 to 31st December, 2021 and analysed at four levels: introduction, clinico-pathological features, prognostic stratification using the NPI score and the molecular subtypes of BC based on IHC Status. Associations between variables were determined by Fisher’s exact test.
Results: There were 1,191 (62.3%) benign and 722 (37.7%) malignant tumors. A gradual rise in the relative proportions of the female BCs over the period was observed. The mean age (years) of BCs diagnosed in small to medium size samples was 47.7±16.0, and 36.4% were aged <40 years. The commonest clinical presentation of BC was a palpable breast lump (65.5%). Majority of the BC patients presented 3 months after the onset of the illness. Invasive ductal carcinoma was the commonest subtype of BC (78.0%), and the great majority (93.1%) had a combined (II & III) high histological grade (P<0.0001). Stratifying women diagnosed with BC into prognostic categories using the NPI, 15.4% had excellent prognosis, compared to 49.2% with poor prognosis.
Conclusion: The study identified breast cancer as a common breast disease among women in the study area with advanced clinico-pathological features at presentation, and therefore, poor prognosis even at the time of diagnosis.
MÜREFTELİ ŞAKİR BEY’İN MİLLİ MÜCADELE HATIRALARI
Authors: DEMİRHAN Hasan
Published: May 2023

Mürefteli Şakir Bey 1914 yılında Mühendishane-i Berr-i Hümayun’dan mezun oldu ve Altıncı Kolordu’nun Çanakkale cephesinde görevlendirilmesi sonucunda Gelibolu’da hizmetine başladı. Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nın ardından milli mücadeleye katılan Şakir Bey, İstanbul’dan Anadolu’ya silah ve mühimmat kaçıran gizli örgütlerde görev aldı. İstanbul’da kaldığı süre içerisinde İngilizleri oyalamak ve yanlış bilgiler vermek için karşı istihbarat elemanı olarak milli mücadeleye katkı sağladı. İstanbul’dan Ankara’ya geçen Şakir Bey, Çerkez Ethem’in Kuvâ-yi Seyyâre birliklerine katılarak Anadolu’da milli mücadele karşıtı isyan hareketlerini bastırmakta görev aldı. 1920 yılının Ağustos ayında İstanbul’a dönerek Trakya-Paşaeli Müdâfaa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti’nde görev aldı. Mürefteli Şakir Bey, Yunan kuvvetlerinin Trakya’yı işgali üzerine, Yunan birliklerini taciz etme, silah ve malzeme depolarını imha etme, silah ve asker sevkiyatını önleme gibi hedeflerle kurulmuş olan bir çetenin reisliğini üstlendi. Çetecilik faaliyetlerinden sonra Refet Paşa’nın mihmandarı olarak görev yaptı.
An Investigation into Difficulties in Teaching Pronunciation to First-Year English Majors at Dong Nai University
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Nam
Published: May 2023

This paper aims to find out the difficulties the teachers of English at Dong Nai University (DNU) meet when teaching pronunciation to first-year English majors. The participants of the study are the students and the teachers from the Department of foreign languages of DNU. The main research tool is a questionnaire survey. Eight teachers and sixty students from three classes respond to the survey. The findings show that the teachers find it difficult to teach students with poor phonetic ability, with pronunciation problems of English consonants, stress and intonation. Furthermore, teachers have trouble with being reluctant to improve the pronunciation of their students. Difficulties arising from physical conditions such as classroom’s facilities, class size, and mixed ability are the teachers’ problems when teaching pronunciation. Some suggestions to minimize the difficulties of pronunciation teaching faced by the teachers are also given in the paper.
ДО ПРОБЛЕМИ КОМУНІКАТИВНО-МОВЛЕННЄВОГО РОЗВИТКУ ДІТЕЙ З ПОРУШЕННЯМИ ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНОГО РОЗВИТКУ
Authors: Кравець Юлія
Published: May 2023

У статті підкреслено актуальність питання визначення особливостейкомунікативно-мовленнєвого, інтелектуального, емоційного, соціального розвитку дітей зпорушеннями інтелектуального розвитку. Зазначено, що незважаючи на існуючий науковийматеріал з проблеми особливостей розвитку дітей з розумовою відсталістю, необхіднимзалишається розробка нових корекційних технологій.Метою даної статті є теоретичне вивчення проблеми комунікативно-мовленнєвогорозвитку дітей з порушеннями інтелектуального розвитку.79У статті представлено аналіз наукової літератури з питань особливостей дітей зпорушення інтелектуального розвитку. Зазначено, що у даної категорії дітей спостерігаєтьсярізниця між величиною активного і пасивного словника у порівнянні з дітьми зі збереженимінтелектом та з дітьми з когнітивними порушеннями. Своєрідність лексики дітей зрозумовою відсталістю полягає також у неточному, недиференційованому, частонеадекватному використанні слів.Дітям з розумовою відсталістю в тій чи іншій мірі властиві всі відомі видимовленнєвих розладів, що пояснюється як інтелектуальним недорозвитком, так і наявністюлокальних мозкових пошкоджень, патологічних змін артикуляційного апарату,обумовлюючих мовленнєві дефекти.Доведено, що при даній формі психічного дизонтогенезу на фоні системногопорушення мовлення в найбільшому ступені проявляється недостатність комунікативноїфункції.У ході проведеного теоретичного дослідження значним є розгляд особливостеймовлення дітей з розумовою відсталістю з позиції комунікативно-прагматичного підходу, щорозкриває специфіку оволодіння навичками реалізації комунікативних намірів і організаціїдіалогічної взаємодії в процесі спілкування.Враховуючи, що саме механізми міжсуб’єктної взаємодії, що складаються надовербальному етапі онтогенетичного розвитку, визначають успішність переходу долінгвістичної стадії комунікативно-мовленнєвого розвитку, зупинимось на їх описі у дітей зрозумовою відсталістю.Окреслено перспективи подальших досліджень, що полягають у розробці системилогопедичної роботи з формування вербальних засобів спілкування у дітей з порушеннямиінтелектуального розвитку.
НЕЙРОПСИХОЛІНГВІСТИЧНІ МЕХАНІЗМИ ПОРУШЕНЬ МОВЛЕННЯ ОРГАНІЧНОГО ГЕНЕЗУ У ДІТЕЙ
Authors: Лук’яненко Анна
Published: May 2023

У статті розглянуто нейропсихолінгвістичні механізми сприйняття іпродукування мовлення. Визначена провідна роль нейропсихолінгвістики як науки, щовідіграє велике значення у діагностиці появи порушень мовлення органічного генезу у дітей.Окреслено міждисциплінарні зв’язки нейропсихолінгвістики з іншими науками. Визначеноосновне завдання нейропсихолінгвістики, що полягає у дослідженні різних форммовленнєвих розладів, що виникають внаслідок пошкодження тієї чи іншої ділянки кориголовного мозку. Описаний вітчизняний та зарубіжний досвід становленнянейропсихолінгвістики як науки.Автором зазначені окремі аспекти щодо дослідження мозкової організації мовленнєвоїдіяльності. Описані особливості мовленнєвих центрів кори головного мозку: центри П. Брока і95К. Верніке. Зазначено, що основною проблемою сучасної спеціальної педагогіки єпсихолінгвістичний аналіз відхилень від нормального мовленнєвого розвитку. Визначеноосновні форми мовленнєвих розладів з точки зору психолінгвістики. Охарактеризовано значенняміжпівкульної асиметрії при процесах формування мовлення. Окреслено характерні особливостіправої та лівої півкулі головного мозку. Зазначено, що при локальних ураженнях кори лівоїпівкулі мозку та деяких психічних хворобах може виникати таке порушення мовлення, якафазія. Описано основні форми афазії, виходячи з того, яка саме ділянка кори головного мозкууражена. Охарактеризовано особливості мовлення дітей з тією чи іншою формою афазії.Окреслено особливості експресивного та імпресивного мовлення з точки зорунейропсихолінгвістики. Визначено основні форми експресивного та імпресивного мовлення.Чітко визначено особливості порушень мовленнєвого розвитку при ураженнях різних відділівкори головного мозку. Описано окремі ділянки мозку, порушення функціонування яких можепризвести до значних розладів сприйняття і відтворення мовлення. Зазначено, що формипорушень мовлення напряму залежать від локалізації патологічного процесу, що спостерігаєтьсяв різних ділянках кори головного мозку, а також від ступеню ураження. Зроблено висновки проте, що певні ділянки мозку відповідають за сприйняття і відтворення мовлення, а їх порушення,у свою чергу, відображаються на мовленнєвих можливостях дитини.
СОЦІАЛЬНА КОМПЕТЕНТНІСТЬ МОЛОДШИХ ШКОЛЯРІВ: ЗМІСТ І ПРАКТИКИ
Authors: Шевченко Юлія
Published: May 2023

Автор розкриває значення практичного аспекту шкільної освіти, зокрема, розвитку соціальної компетентності учнів, виявляє протиріччя і труднощі  в реалізації цієї мети. У новітній парадигмі освіти важливе місце посідає формування ключових компетентностей підростаючого  покоління. Розвиток соціальної компетентності дітей є важливою соціальною і психолого-педагогічною проблемою, вирішення якої належить до  нагальних питань суспільства та освіти в цілому. У статті зазначено що в умовах соціально-економічних змін перед освітою поставлено завдання  не просто дати вихованцям певний рівень знань, умінь і навичок щодо основних напрямків розвитку, але й забезпечити здатність і готовність  жити в сучасному суспільстві, досягати соціально-значущих цілей, ефективно взаємодіяти і вирішувати життєві проблеми. Автором зазначено що,  численні світові дослідження присвячені вивченню різних аспектів соціальної компетентності та зв'язку її з життєвими цінностями, з поведінкою в  ситуації стресу. Особлива увага приділяється старшому дошкільному та молодшому шкільному віку як ключовому етапу формування соціальних  компетентностей. Однак, у загальній, а особливо спеціальній психології, досліджень, спрямованих на вивчення питань соціальної компетентності, вкрай недостатньо. Автор робить акцент на тому, що в психолого-педагогічній теорії і практиці існують різні підходи до розуміння термінів «компетенція» і «компетентність». Компетентність людини включає чітку структуру, яка має елементи, пов’язані зі здатністю особистості вирішувати певні проблеми в різних сферах, але частіше у професійній діяльності. Також, компетентність є результатом навчання, що виражається в знанні особистості про певний набір методів роботи стосовно певної теми впливу.Як висновки визначено, що соціальна компетентність дитини – це база, на якій буде вибудовуватись соціальна компетентність дорослої людини за умови формування ключових компетенцій. Соціальна компетентність – інтегральна якість особистості дитини, що дозволяє їй, з одного боку,  усвідомлювати свою унікальність і бути здатною до самопізнання і самозміни, а з іншого – виявляти себе частиною колективу, суспільства, вміти  вибудовувати відносини і враховувати інтереси інших людей, брати на себе відповідальність і діяти на основі загальнолюдських і національних  цінностей.