bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Growth origin of large-scale fiberform nanostructures in He–W co-deposition environment
Authors: Hori Kenta , Kajita Shin , Zhang Rongshi , Tanaka Hirohiko , Ohno Noriyasu
Published: April 2023

When tungsten (W) is deposited with helium (He) plasma (He–W co-deposition) on W surface, enhanced growth of fiberform nanostructure (fuzz) occurs, and sometimes it grows into large-scale fuzzy nanostructures (LFNs) thicker than 0.1 mm. In this study, different numbers of mesh opening (apertures) and W plates with nanotendril bundles (NTBs), which are tens of micrometers high nanofiber bundles, were used to investigate the condition for the origin of the LFN growth. It was found that the larger the mesh opening, the larger the area where LFNs are formed and the faster the formation tends to be. On NTB samples, it was found that NTBs grew significantly when exposed to He plasma with W deposition, especially when the size of the NTB reached $$\sim 0.1$$

∼
0.1

 mm. The concentration of the He flux due to the distortion of the shape of the ion sheath is proposed as one of the reasons to explain the experimental results.
Genomic comparison of two Streptococcus suis serotype 1 strains recovered from porcine and human disease cases
Authors: Hatrongjit Rujirat , Fittipaldi Nahuel , Jenjaroenpun Piroon , Wongsurawat Thidathip , Visetnan Suwattana , Zheng Han , Gottschalk Marcelo , Kerdsin Anusak
Published: April 2023

Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen that causes invasive infections in humans and pigs. Although S. suis serotype 2 strains are most prevalent worldwide, other serotypes are also occasionally detected. Herein, we investigated the genomes of two S. suis serotype 1 strains belonging to the clonal complex 1, which were recovered from a human patient and an asymptomatic pig, respectively. The genomes differed in pathotype, virulence-associated gene (VAG) profile, minimum core genome (MCG) typing, and antimicrobial resistance gene content. The porcine serotype 1 strain was sequence type (ST) 237 and MCG1, whereas the human serotype 1 strain was ST105 and MCG ungroupable. Both strains were susceptible to several antibiotics consisting of β-lactams, fluoroquinolones, and chloramphenicol. Resistance to tetracycline, macrolides, and clindamycin was observed, which was attributed to the genes tet(O) and erm(B). Analysis of 99 VAG revealed Hhly3, NisK, NisR, salK/salR, srtG, virB4, and virD4 were absent in both serotype 1. However, the porcine strain lacked sadP (Streptococcal adhesin P), whereas the human strain harbored sadP1. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that human S. suis ST105 strains from Vietnam were genetically the closest to the human serotype 1 strain, whereas porcine S. suis ST11 strains from China and Thailand were genetically the closest to the porcine strain.
Prediction of dynamic allostery for the transmembrane domain of the sweet taste receptor subunit, TAS1R3
Authors: Sanematsu Keisuke , Yamamoto Masato , Nagasato Yuki , Kawabata Yuko , Watanabe Yu , Iwata Shusuke , Takai Shingo , Toko Kiyoshi , Matsui Toshiro , Wada Naohisa , Shigemura Noriatsu
Published: April 2023

The sweet taste receptor plays an essential role as an energy sensor by detecting carbohydrates. However, the dynamic mechanisms of receptor activation remain unclear. Here, we describe the interactions between the transmembrane domain of the G protein-coupled sweet receptor subunit, TAS1R3, and allosteric modulators. Molecular dynamics simulations reproduced species-specific sensitivity to ligands. We found that a human-specific sweetener, cyclamate, interacted with the mouse receptor as a negative allosteric modulator. Agonist-induced allostery during receptor activation was found to destabilize the intracellular part of the receptor, which potentially interfaces with the Gα subunit, through ionic lock opening. A common human variant (R757C) of the TAS1R3 exhibited a reduced response to sweet taste, in support of our predictions. Furthermore, histidine residues in the binding site acted as pH-sensitive microswitches to modulate the sensitivity to saccharin. This study provides important insights that may facilitate the prediction of dynamic activation mechanisms for other G protein-coupled receptors.
Sub-millisecond conformational dynamics of the A2A adenosine receptor revealed by single-molecule FRET
Authors: Maslov Ivan , Volkov Oleksandr , Khorn Polina , Orekhov Philipp , Gusach Anastasiia , Kuzmichev Pavel , Gerasimov Andrey , Luginina Aleksandra , Coucke Quinten , Bogorodskiy Andrey , Gordeliy Valentin , Wanninger Simon , Barth Anders , Mishin Alexey , Hofkens Johan , Cherezov Vadim , Gensch Thomas , Hendrix Jelle , Borshchevskiy Valentin
Published: April 2023

The complex pharmacology of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is defined by their multi-state conformational dynamics. Single-molecule Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (smFRET) is well suited to quantify dynamics for individual protein molecules; however, its application to GPCRs is challenging. Therefore, smFRET has been limited to studies of inter-receptor interactions in cellular membranes and receptors in detergent environments. Here, we performed smFRET experiments on functionally active human A2Aadenosine receptor (A2AAR) molecules embedded in freely diffusing lipid nanodiscs to study their intramolecular conformational dynamics. We propose a dynamic model of A2AAR activation that involves a slow (>2 ms) exchange between the active-like and inactive-like conformations in both apo and antagonist-bound A2AAR, explaining the receptor’s constitutive activity. For the agonist-bound A2AAR, we detected faster (390 ± 80 µs) ligand efficacy-dependent dynamics. Our work establishes a general smFRET platform for GPCR investigations that can potentially be used for drug screening and/or mechanism-of-action studies.
WSSV exploits AMPK to activate mTORC2 signaling for proliferation by enhancing aerobic glycolysis
Authors: Zhang Peng , Fu Hai-Jing , Lv Li-Xia , Liu Chen-Fei , Han Chang , Zhao Xiao-Fan , Wang Jin-Xing
Published: April 2023

AMPK plays significant roles in the modulation of metabolic reprogramming and viral infection. However, the detailed mechanism by which AMPK affects viral infection is unclear. The present study aims to determine how AMPK influences white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection in shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicus). Here, we find that AMPK expression and phosphorylation are significantly upregulated in WSSV-infected shrimp. WSSV replication decreases remarkably after knockdown of Ampkα and the shrimp survival rate of AMPK-inhibitor injection shrimp increases significantly, suggesting that AMPK is beneficial for WSSV proliferation. Mechanistically, WSSV infection increases intracellular Ca2+ level, and activates CaMKK, which result in AMPK phosphorylation and partial nuclear translocation. AMPK directly activates mTORC2-AKT signaling pathway to phosphorylate key enzymes of glycolysis in the cytosol and promotes expression of Hif1α to mediate transcription of key glycolytic enzyme genes, both of which lead to increased glycolysis to provide energy for WSSV proliferation. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism by which WSSV exploits the host CaMKK-AMPK-mTORC2 pathway for its proliferation, and suggest that AMPK might be a target for WSSV control in shrimp aquaculture.
The highest oxidation state observed in graphene-supported sub-nanometer iron oxide clusters
Authors: Perco Deborah , Loi Federico , Bignardi Luca , Sbuelz Luca , Lacovig Paolo , Tosi Ezequiel , Lizzit Silvano , Kartouzian Aras , Heiz Ueli , Baraldi Alessandro
Published: April 2023

Size-selected iron oxide nanoclusters are outstanding candidates for technological-oriented applications due to their high efficiency-to-cost ratio. However, despite many theoretical studies, experimental works on their oxidation mechanism are still limited to gas-phase clusters. Herein we investigate the oxidation of graphene-supported size-selected Fenclusters by means of high-resolution X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. We show a dependency of the core electron Fe 2p3/2binding energy of metallic and oxidized clusters on the cluster size. Binding energies are also linked to chemical reactivity through the asymmetry parameter which is related to electron density of states at the Fermi energy. Upon oxidation, iron atoms in clusters reach the oxidation state Fe(II) and the absence of other oxidation states indicates a Fe-to-O ratio close to 1:1, in agreement with previous theoretical calculations and gas-phase experiments. Such knowledge can provide a basis for a better understanding of the behavior of iron oxide nanoclusters as supported catalysts.
War and pandemic do not jeopardize Germans’ willingness to support climate measures
Authors: Rinscheid Adrian , Koos Sebastian
Published: April 2023

How do the impacts of acute crises influence citizens’ willingness to support different types of climate measures? An acute crisis can be understood either as an impediment or as an opportunity for climate change mitigation. In the first perspective, crisis impacts would create negative spill-overs and dampen citizens’ willingness to support climate action, while in the second perspective, the opposite would occur. Based on a survey experiment fielded in Germany in 2022 (n = 5438), we find that the economic implications of the Russo-Ukrainian War do not decrease behavioral willingness, while restrictions of civil liberties to combat the COVID-19 pandemic lead to higher climate support, underpinning the crisis-as-opportunity perspective. Willingness to support climate measures is strongest among (1) those most concerned about climate change, and (2) those who trust the government. We conclude that individuals do not wish climate change mitigation to be deprioritized on the back of other crises.
Viruses of a key coral symbiont exhibit temperature-driven productivity across a reefscape
Authors: Howe-Kerr Lauren I , Grupstra Carsten G B , Rabbitt Kristen M , Conetta Dennis , Coy Samantha R , Klinges J Grace , Maher Rebecca L , McConnell Kaitlin M , Meiling Sonora S , Messyasz Adriana , Schmeltzer Emily R , Seabrook Sarah , Sims Jordan A , Veglia Alex J , Thurber Andrew R , Thurber Rebecca L Vega , Correa Adrienne M S
Published: April 2023

Viruses can affect coral health by infecting their symbiotic dinoflagellate partners (Symbiodiniaceae). Yet, viral dynamics in coral colonies exposed to environmental stress have not been studied at the reef scale, particularly within individual viral lineages. We sequenced the viral major capsid protein (mcp) gene of positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses known to infect symbiotic dinoflagellates (‘dinoRNAVs’) to analyze their dynamics in the reef-building coral, Porites lobata. We repeatedly sampled 54 colonies harboring Cladocopium C15 dinoflagellates, across three environmentally distinct reef zones (fringing reef, back reef, and forereef) around the island of Moorea, French Polynesia over a 3-year period and spanning a reef-wide thermal stress event. By the end of the sampling period, 28% (5/18) of corals in the fringing reef experienced partial mortality versus 78% (14/18) of corals in the forereef. Over 90% (50/54) of colonies had detectable dinoRNAV infections. Reef zone influenced the composition and richness of viral mcp amino acid types (‘aminotypes’), with the fringing reef containing the highest aminotype richness. The reef-wide thermal stress event significantly increased aminotype dispersion, and this pattern was strongest in the colonies that experienced partial mortality. These findings demonstrate that dinoRNAV infections respond to environmental fluctuations experienced in situ on reefs. Further, viral productivity will likely increase as ocean temperatures continue to rise, potentially impacting the foundational symbiosis underpinning coral reef ecosystems.
Chemical representation learning for toxicity prediction
Authors: Born Jannis , Markert Greta , Janakarajan Nikita , Kimber Talia B. , Volkamer Andrea , Martínez María Rodríguez , Manica Matteo
Published: April 2023

A chemical language model for molecular property prediction: it outperforms prior art, is validated on a large, proprietary toxicity dataset, reveals cytotoxic motifs through attention & uses two uncertainty techniques to improve model reliability.
Understanding friction mechanisms of Si-DLC/steel interfaces under aqueous lubrication
Authors: Lanigan J. L. , Lewis R.
Published: April 2023

A key driver in current research on lubricant formulation is the need to move away from older technology that is highly reliant on resources derived from industries associated with high carbon dioxide emissions.
Effect of autohydrolysis and ionosolv treatments on eucalyptus fractionation and recovered lignin properties
Authors: Ovejero-Pérez Antonio , Rigual Victoria , Domínguez Juan C. , Alonso M. Virginia , Oliet Mercedes , Rodriguez Francisco
Published: April 2023

This work enhances the understanding of the effect of autohydrolysis and ionosolv treatments combination on fractionation yields and lignin properties.
Integrated low carbon H2 conversion with in situ carbon mineralization from aqueous biomass oxygenate precursors by tuning reactive multiphase chemical interactions
Authors: Ochonma Prince , Noe Christopher , Mohammed Sohaib , Mamidala Akanksh , Gadikota Greeshma
Published: April 2023

Reaction pathways & configurations to upcycle aqueous biomass oxygenates and large amounts of low value calcium & magnesium bearing sources over Ni and Pt catalyst to produce high value H2 with inherent CO2 removal in a single step was explored.
Greenhouse gas emission reduction and energy impact of electrifying upgraders in refineries using plasma processing technology
Authors: Bhuiyan Shariful Islam , Kraus Jamie , Hil Baky Md Abdullah , Stanich Rollie , Wang Kunpeng , Jemison Howard , Staack David
Published: April 2023

The impact of plasma processing technology as an electric conversion of fuels in the oil and gas industry is demonstrated with significant GHG emission reduction while producing fuels of high quality.
Establishing the nexus between the coagulant for microalgae harvesting and the biomass nutrient assemblage
Authors: Saliu Toyin Dunsin , Akinyeye Olayinka John , Bulu Yetunde Irinyemi , Lawal Isiaka Ayobamidele , Ololade Isaac Ayodele , Oladoja Nurudeen Abiola
Published: April 2023

Microalgae biomass is being studied as a potential resource for the production of renewable biofertilizer, but transforming the highly dispersed miniscule microalgae cells into harvestable biomass is challenging.
Extrahepatic transplantation of 3D cultured stem cell-derived islet organoids on microporous scaffolds
Authors: Bealer Elizabeth , Crumley Kelly , Clough Daniel , King Jessica , Behrend Maya , Annulis Connor , Li Feiran , Soleimanpour Scott , Shea Lonnie D.
Published: April 2023

Microporous scaffolds facilitates 3D cultures of stem cell-derived islet organoids and allows for transplantation to extrahepatic sites.
Synthesis of extended covalently bound porphyrins on the Au(111) surface
Authors: Ortiz-Garcia José J. , Quardokus Rebecca C.
Published: April 2023

The solution deposition of halogenated porphyrins is influenced by the underlying Au(111) substrate. Upon annealing, metalation occurs, and the coupling between porphyrins and solvent molecules leads to the formation of strained frameworks.
Molecular insights into the hydration of zwitterionic polymers
Authors: Tolba Sara A. , Xia Wenjie
Published: April 2023

Using density functional theory, our study unravels how the charge distribution and zwitterionic units affect hydration of polymers, paving the way for materials-by-design for anti-icing polymersviamolecular engineering.
A mixed-valence biotinylated Cu(i/ii) complex for tumor-targeted chemodynamic therapy accompanied by GSH depletion
Authors: Hong Zhaoguo , You Xin , Zhong Jingjing , Yao Di , Bian He-Dong , Zhao Shulin , Zhang Liangliang , Liang Hong , Huang Fu-Ping
Published: April 2023

A “three in one” project involved atomically precise biotinylated complex, VBio-CuICuII, composed of a hydroxyl radical-producible Cu(i), a Cu(ii) moiety as a GSH depletor for augmented CDT, and biotin as a cancer-targeting unit.
Triplet–triplet annihilation mediated photon upconversion solar energy systems
Authors: Naimovičius Lukas , Bharmoria Pankaj , Moth-Poulsen Kasper
Published: April 2023

Triplet–triplet annihilation mediated solar energy harvesting systems for a global transition toward carbon-neutral energy technologies.
Exceptional dielectric and varistor properties of Sr, Zn and Sn co-doped calcium copper titanate ceramics
Authors: Dhavala Lokeswararao , Bhimireddi Rajasekhar , Muthukumar V Sai , Kollipara Vijay Sai , Varma Kalidindi B. R.
Published: April 2023

Sr, Zn, and Sn co-doping in CCTO ceramics alters their intrinsic and extrinsic properties and makes them useful for industrial dielectric applications such as Z9R-capacitors (Δε′ < ±15%, D < 0.05 between 30–200 °C).
Sinulariaone A: a novel diterpenoid with a 13-membered carbocyclic skeleton from an octocoral Sinularia species
Authors: Tseng Hsuan-Jung , Kuo Liang-Mou , Tsai Yu-Chi , Hu Hao-Chun , Chen Po-Jen , Chien Su-Ying , Sheu Jyh-Horng , Sung Ping-Jyun
Published: April 2023

Chemical composition screening of an octocoral identified as Sinularia species led to the isolation of a novel diterpenoid, sinulariaone A (1), featuring a 13-membered carbocyclic skeleton.
Mismatched covalent and noncovalent templating leads to large coiled coil-templated macrocycles
Authors: Stingley Kyla J. , Carpenter Benjamin A. , Kean Kelsey M. , Waters Marcey L.
Published: April 2023

Combining two different driving forces in a dynamic combinatorial library – alpha-helical coiled coil dimer formation and covalent trimer and tetramer formation – leads to unexpected assembly of macrocycles up to 13 subunits.
NASICON-type Na3Fe2(PO4)3 material for an excellent room temperature CO sensor
Authors: Tiwari Manish Kumar , Kanwade Archana , Yadav Subhash Chand , Srivastava Abhishek , Satrughna Jena Akash Kumar , Shirage Parasharam M.
Published: April 2023

The Na3Fe2(PO4)3 sensor exhibits superior selective gas sensing characteristics towards CO gas at the room temperature with very high response value, good stability cycle, fast response-recovery time and limit of detection to sub-ppb level.
Photometric classification of quasars from ALHAMBRA survey using random forest
Authors: Arroquia-Cuadros Benjamín , Sánchez Néstor , Gómez Vicent , Blay Pere , Martinez-Badenes Vicent , Nieves-Seoane Lorena
Published: April 2023

Context. Given the current era of big data in astronomy, machine-learning-based methods have begun to be applied over recent years to identify or classify objects, such as quasars, galaxies, and stars, from full-sky photometric surveys.

Aims. Here we systematically evaluate the performance of random forests (RFs) in classifying quasars using either magnitudes or colours – both from broad- and narrow-band filters – as features.

Methods. The working data consist of photometry from the ALHAMBRA Gold Catalogue, which we cross-matched with the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and the Million Quasars Catalogue (Milliquas) for objects labelled as quasars, galaxies, or stars. An RF classifier is trained and tested to evaluate the effects of varying the free parameters and using narrow or broad-band magnitudes or colours on final accuracy and precision.

Results. Best performances of the classifier yielded global accuracy and quasar precision of around 0.9. Varying free model parameters (within reasonable ranges of values) has no significant effects on the final classification. Using colours instead of magnitudes as features results in better performances of the classifier, especially when using colours from the ALHAMBRA survey. Colours that contribute the most to the classification are those containing the near-infrared JHK bands.
Importance de la confiance dans la gestion collective des risques de pullulation de ravageurs
Authors: Dureau Romain , Jeanneaux Philippe
Published: April 2023

Depuis les années 1970, les pullulations de campagnols terrestres causent d’importants dommages aux prairies du Massif central (France), menaçant la viabilité économique des élevages herbagers. Nous interrogeons la place de la confiance dans la lutte contre les ravageurs, étudiée comme la production d’un bien collectif de formulationweaker-link. L’apport principal de l’article est un cadre d’analyse qui intègre les effets de seuil relatifs à la complexité des mécanismes agroécologiques sous-jacents. Ce cadre d’analyse est mis en regard de faits stylisés issus d’enquêtes qualitatives auprès d’éleveurs et d’acteurs institutionnels, mettant en évidence certains déterminants de la construction de la confiance. Il ressort que la confiance des éleveurs dans leur capacité à maîtriser le phénomène de pullulation est faible. Si la confiance des éleveurs vis-à-vis des méthodes de lutte est plutôt faible, il semble que leur confiance à l’égard, d’une part, des organismes scientifiques et techniques, et d’autre part, des éleveurs voisins, est plus faible encore et pourrait davantage expliquer les défaillances observées de l’action collective face au risque de pullulation.
Investigation of biparametric resonance sensors with distributed parameters
Authors: Amirov Sulton , Sulliev Absaid , Turdibekov Kamolbek
Published: April 2023

This article describes the ways to preserve the resonant mode in biparametric circuits with distributed parameters and studies the effect of changes in the circuit parameters and power supply on the resonant mode. During the moving part’s movement of the sensor due to the influence of the distributed magnetic resistance of the steel part of the circuit, the law of change in the electrical inductance of the resonant circuit (distribution of magnetic flux in long magnetic conductors) differs from the linear one.
Study on cultivation of environmentally friendly seed potatoes based on electrical technology
Authors: Sanbetova Amangul , Mukhammadiev Ashraf , Rakhmatov Abdugani , Beknazarova Zamira
Published: April 2023

This article highlights the results of scientific research conducted by scientists from the Institute of Energy Problems of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers of the National Research University in 2022 on the basis of justification and step-by-step electrical effects on the cultivation of environmentally friendly fast potatoes, including environmentally friendly agricultural.
Study on the selection of the type and parameters of moldboard plow for combined tillage system
Authors: Tokhtakoziyev Abdusalim , Khudoyarov Anvar , Nazirjanov Ibrohimjon , Yuldasheva Matluba
Published: April 2023

This article highlights information on the development of new techniques for preparing the planting area of nurseries for growing seedlings of ornamental trees and rare flowers. In forestry, the use of modern energy-saving agricultural machinery to create optimal conditions for plant growth allows for high volumes of product with minimal labor and material costs. Agricultural machines used today do not fully meet the agrotechnical requirements of technological operations. Therefore, it became necessary to improve the design of the combined tillage used, which in one pass carry out various work on preparing the soil for sowing, and for this, first of all, it is necessary to improve their working bodies that will produce a good air-water soil exchange. In the proposed technology, the furrow former of the complex tillage system reduces the accumulation of soil clods under the working body, forming optimal furrows for planting ornamental trees and seedlings of rare flowers. And since a complex operation is carried out in one run, it reduces the other cost. A plow with two moldboard bodies, of a combined tillage system, must comply with the requirements for use, and at the same time, the height of the moldboard plow opening furrows must be at least 20.5 cm, opening angle of the share wings is 60-65º, the angle of entry into the soil is 35-40º, the angle of the side cut of the wings of the working body is 37-40º, the width of the share wings is not less than 41 cm, the body length of plow must be not less than 78 cm.
Toughness and isolated toughness conditions for path-factor critical covered graphs
Authors: Dai Guowei
Published: April 2023

Given a graph G and an integer k ≥ 2. A spanning subgraph H of G is called a P≥k-factor of G if every component of H is a path with at least k vertices. A graph G is said to be P≥k-factor covered if for any e ∈ E(G), G admits a P≥k-factor including e. A graph G is called a (P≥k, n)-factor critical covered graph if G – V′ is P≥k-factor covered for any V′ ⊆ V(G) with |V′| = n. In this paper, we study the toughness and isolated toughness conditions for (P≥k, n)-factor critical covered graphs, where k = 2, 3. Let G be a (n + 1)-connected graph. It is shown that (i) G is a (P≥2, n)-factor critical covered graph if its toughness $ \tau (G)>\frac{n+2}{3}$; (ii) G is a (P≥2, n)-factor critical covered graph if its isolated toughness $ I(G)>\frac{n+1}{2}$; (iii) G is a (P≥3, n)-factor critical covered graph if $ \tau (G)>\frac{n+2}{3}$ and |V(G)| ≥ n + 3; (iv) G is a (P≥3, n)-factor critical covered graph if $ I(G)>\frac{n+3}{2}$ and |V(G)| ≥ n + 3. Furthermore, we claim that these conditions are best possible in some sense.
Therapiekonzepte beim Schilddrüsenkarzinom
Authors: Eilsberger Friederike , Kreissl Michael C , Luster Markus , Pfestroff Andreas
Published: April 2023

Die Theranostik über den Natrium-Iodid-Symporter (NIS) bietet bei differenzierten Schilddrüsenkarzinomen eine einzigartige Option. Die diagnostischen und therapeutischen Nuklide weisen eine übereinstimmende Aufnahme und Kinetik auf, sodass der NIS das wichtigste theranostische Target bei dieser Erkrankung darstellt. Radioiodrefraktäre Schilddrüsenkarzinome (RRTC) zeichnen sich durch eine verminderte/fehlende NIS-Expression aus, sodass diese Struktur als theranostisches Ziel entfällt. Auch aufgrund eingeschränkter therapeutischer Optionen gibt es Ansätze, bei RRTC über die Expression von Somatostatinrezeptoren (SSTR) oder das Prostata-spezifische-Membranantigen (PSMA) neue theranostische Targets zu generieren, jedoch lässt die aktuelle Studienlage eine endgültige Bewertung der Erfolgsaussichten noch nicht zu.
Kein Ergebnis ist auch ein Ergebnis!
Authors: Keyßer G.
Published: April 2023

Die moderne Genetik hat ermöglicht, dass die Suche nach Assoziationen
zwischen Genen und Autoimmunerkrankungen mittlerweile über das gesamte
menschliche Genom ausgedehnt werden kann. Sogenannte „genome-wide
association studies“ (GWAS) beschreiben dabei eine Vielzahl von genetischen
Markern, die sich mit unterschiedlich starker Signifikanz bei Patienten
häufiger oder seltener finden als bei einem gesunden Vergleichskollektiv.
Die meisten dieser Marker sind „single nucelotide polymorphisms“
(SNPs)- also Varianten im genetischen Code, die sich nur auf ein einziges Nukleotid
beziehen. Derartige GWAS operieren mit sehr großen Datenmengen, deren
Interpretation mitunter schwierig ist. Nicht immer ist die gefundene Abweichung
relevant, und nicht immer ist sie an anderen Patientenkollektiven reproduzierbar.
Die Ursachen dafür können vielfältig sein: Zum einen
können die untersuchten Kollektive tatsächlich genetische
Verschiedenheiten aufweisen, zum anderen können Unterschiede in den
Stichprobengrößen zu Unterschieden im Signifikanzniveau
führen. Außerdem können externe Risikofaktoren für
eine Autoimmunerkrankung geographische Unterschiede aufweisen (Keimspektrum,
chemische Noxen, UV-Strahlung u.a.m.). Daher können genetische
Hintergründe in unterschiedliche Regionen eine andere pathogenetische
Bedeutung aufweisen. Nicht zu vergessen ist außerdem, dass genetische
Unterschiede zwischen Kranken und Gesunden umso schärfer herausgearbeitet
werden können, je besser die Patienten charakterisiert sind. Stützt
man sich bei der Diagnose einer Erkrankung lediglich auf einen ICD-Code, der
irgendwann in die Krankenakte eingetragen wurde, oder wurden die Patienten
tatsächlich von Spezialisten gesehen und für die Analyse rekrutiert?
Deswegen ist es üblich, eine an einer Population gefundene genetische
Assoziation („discovery cohort“) an einer anderen,
unabhängigen Stichprobe zu überprüfen („replication
cohort“).
Long-term forecasts of residential energy profiles based on Conv2D and LSTM models (electricity- and gas-based households)
Authors: Olaofe Zaccheus O.
Published: April 2023

For power system operation and expansion of grid-import systems, an accurate forecast model plays an essential role in the better management of household electricity demands. With the aim of finding an accurate forecast model in the proper representation of various household energy profiles, our research objective is centered on the development of a reliable forecast system for a group of 24-household energy consumers. In this energy study, we proposed long-term forecasts of (1) residential energy profiles within the multi-classification framework and (2) energy costing of the household demands using the Keras two-dimensional convolutional neural network (Conv2D) model and long short-term memory (LSTM) models. These high-level Keras neural networks are built to extract multivariate features for household energy consumption modeling and forecasting. The proposed forecast systems utilized a similar model hyperparameter configuration, while the forecast skills are validated with spatial–temporal variation datasets of ten remote locations. The actual costs of household demand and supply are estimated and compared with Conv2D predictions. The finding results (hourly and seasonal predictions and model evaluation) revealed that Conv2D and LSTM forecast systems are promising for household energy forecast solutions. Experimental results of the Conv2D predictive system achieved better forecast skills [correlation coefficient (0.727–0.994) and root mean square error (0.190–0.868)] than LSTM forecasts (0.308–0.987 and 0.278–1.212). However, experimental findings revealed that forecast skills of the predictive systems in residential energy demand predictions are highly influenced by the (1) quality of input datasets, (2) model hyperparameter tuning approach, and (3) learning rate of selected network optimizer(s).
Temperature-induced anomalous magnetotransport in the Weyl semimetal Mn3Ge
Authors: Wu Mingxing , Kondou Kouta , Chen Taishi , Nakatsuji Satoru , Otani Yoshichika
Published: April 2023

The magnetic Weyl semimetallic state can lead to intriguing magnetotransport, such as chiral anomaly and the layered quantum Hall effect. Mn3X (X = Sn, Ge) is a noncollinear antiferromagnetic semimetal where a Weyl semimetallic state is stabilized by time-reversal symmetry breaking. Compared to the well-studied Mn3Sn, the Weyl fermion-induced magnetotransport in Mn3Ge has been merely studied. Here, we report an in-depth study on the magnetotransport in a microfabricated Mn3Ge single crystal from room temperature to 10 K. We reveal an anomalous anisotropic magnetoresistance with fourfold symmetry and a positive high-field longitudinal magnetoresistance below the critical temperature (160–170 K). The possible origin is the temperature-induced tilting of the Weyl nodes. Our study helps to understand the magnetotransport properties in the Weyl fermion system.
Functionalized Ti3C2Tx MXene with layer-dependent band gap for flexible NIR photodetectors
Authors: Hu Chuqiao , Du Zhijian , Wei Zhongming , Li La , Shen Guozhen
Published: April 2023

Ti3C2Tx MXene as a representative material in the emerging two-dimensional (2D) MXene family with high conductivity, abundant functional surface terminals, and large layer spacing is supposed to show specific semiconducting properties like other 2D graphene or transition metal dichalcogenides, thus extending Moore's law beyond silicon. However, despite extensive efforts, the design of Ti3C2Tx MXene based semiconductor materials often depends on the availability of traditional semiconductors to form heterojunctions, where Ti3C2Tx MXene is still in metallic characters and is not in dominant status in the heterojunctions. Here, we demonstrate semiconducting Ti3C2Tx MXene modified with dodecyl (−C12H26) groups, as functionalized Ti3C2Tx MXene possesses opened and typical layer-dependent bandgap. The new arising characteristics, red-shift of characteristic peaks, and intensity ratio of the A1g(C)/A1g(Ti, C, Tx) in Raman spectroscopy suggested the successful grafting of the −C12H26 groups on the Ti3C2Tx MXenes. In addition, the theoretical calculations by density functional theory, photoluminescence spectrum, together with photoelectric measurements of Ti3C2Tx-C12H26 MXene on different layers, show a tunable bandgap of 0.49–2.15 eV and superior photoresponse properties in fabricating near infrared photodetectors.
Time domain thermoreflectance measurements and phonon gas modeling of the thermal conductivity of silicon doped indium phosphide pertinent to quantum cascade lasers
Authors: Perez C. , Talreja D. , Kirch J. , Zhang S. , Gopalan V. , Botez D. , Foley B. M. , Ramos-Alvarado B. , Mawst L. J.
Published: April 2023

The thermal conductivity of Si-doped thin films of indium phosphide grown via metalorganic vapour-phase epitaxy at different carrier concentrations and thicknesses was measured from 80 to 450 K using time domain thermoreflectance. Additionally, phonon gas modeling was conducted to characterize the various scattering mechanisms that contribute to the thermal transport in these materials. A sensitivity analysis based on the phonon gas model showed that while thickness has a greater influence on the thermal conductivity than carrier concentration at the micron-scale for all samples, point defects due to Si-dopant atoms at carrier concentrations of ∼1019 cm−3, as well as the presence of extended defects that are most likely present due to dopant saturation, have a significant impact on thermal transport as a result of increased phonon scattering, decreasing the thermal conductivity by 40% or more.
Ultrafast charge migration in ionized iodo-alkyne chain I(CC)nH+
Authors: Meng Yuan , Wang Huihui , Zhang Yichi , Yang Yonggang
Published: April 2023

We report ultrafast charge migration in ionized iodo-alkyne chain I(CC)nH+ for n = 1, 2, …, 5. The dynamics of electron density become more complicated with the increasing length of the molecular chain. However, the essential properties of charge migration in I(CC)nH+ can be clearly interpreted in terms of the electron flux. By systematic investigations of the dynamics of electron density, hole density, and the electron flux for different molecules, the size dependence of charge migration in I(CC)nH+ is discussed.
Ultra-fast all-optical 8-to-3 encoder utilizing photonic crystal fiber
Authors: Naghizade Saleh , Didari-Bader Azadeh , Saghaei Hamed , Etezad Maryam
Published: April 2023

This work proposes a novel design of an 8-to-3 encoder in a photonic crystal fiber (PCF). It is composed of a buffer and three OR logic gates using circular air holes in a silicon dioxide substrate. We have employed the plane-wave expansion technique to analyze the band structure of the proposed PCF and the beam propagation method to study the transmission efficiency and electromagnetic field distributions. Our findings reveal that the encoder operates well within the main third telecommunication window, which corresponds to 1530–1565 nm. The numerical calculations show that transmissions greater than 70% and less than 0.05% are logics 1 and 0, respectively. The proposed encoder has a maximum delay of 7.5 ps, and its total footprint is about 140 µm × 14 µm × 3 mm. This makes the proposed PCF-based encoder suitable for simple and low-cost fabrication, which may find applications in optical communication devices and integrated circuits.
Equation of state remeasurements for aluminum and copper under low-impact loading
Authors: Zhang Jian , Zhao Lei , Zhang Ruizhi , Yang G. , Luo Guoqiang , Shen Qiang
Published: April 2023

In this work, the Hugoniot equation of state for aluminum and copper under low-impact loading was measured by using the plane impact technique and laser Doppler velocimetry. The linear relationship between shock wave velocity and particle velocity was fitted by a least squares method, with D=5.28114+1.306(17)us for an Al pressure range from 2.5 to 13.9 GPa and D=3.9386+1.484(14)us for Cu at 5.7–47.5 GPa. The linear fitting correlation coefficient was greater than 0.99, which was better than the previous experimental data. The results demonstrate that the Doppler pin system has great advantages for measuring the Hugoniot EoS at low shock pressure compared with the electric pin technique The experimental data obtained in this work extend to a lower pressure range. This can provide more accurate Mie–Grüneisen EoS of Al and Cu under low shock pressure.
Numerical modeling of different streamer breakdown modes of gas
switch under the external circuit
Authors: Wang Xiao-Weiqian , Zhang Ze-Long , Xu Zi-Mu , Chen Xian-Hui
Published: April 2023

Gas spark switches had been applied extensively in the field of pulse power technology on account of the advantages of a simple structure, short breakdown time, and high through-current capability. This paper investigates the streamer breakdown process in a two-electrode switch in a nitrogen environment under atmospheric pressure using a numerical method. First, a two-dimensional fluid simulation was carried out for the streamer generated under the negative and positive trigger voltages, and the difference in the breakdown mechanism in the two modes was analyzed. The study showed that when a negative trigger voltage is applied to the rod electrode, a negative streamer from the cathode to the anode will first be formed, and then a positive streamer from the anode to the cathode will be formed. When a positive trigger voltage is applied to the rod electrode, the streamer propagation mechanism is significantly different from that obtained when a negative voltage is applied. In this case, the breakdown mode is a cathode-directed streamer. Finally, we investigated the effect of circuit parameters on the breakdown process. The time scale of breakdown varies greatly with the capacitance. The significant difference in the breakdown process may come from the charging process of the capacitor. The larger the capacitance is, the slower the charging process will be.
Identification and comparative analysis of vibration modal parameters of rice planter frame
Authors: Chen Kaikang , Yuan Yanwei , Zhao Bo , Zhou Liming , Wang Hui , Niu Kang , Jin Xin , Zheng Yongjun
Published: April 2023

Modal parameter analysis is a common method for structural characteristic analysis. To accurately identify the modal parameters that describe the vibration characteristics of the structure, the chassis frame of the rice transplanter is taken as the research object. The least squares complex frequency domain method, the admittance circle method, and the modal peak picking method are used to process the measured vibration signal. The modal parameters, such as the natural frequency, damping ratio, and modal shape of the chassis frame, are obtained. Except for the eight-order frequency error greater than 10%, the errors of all other orders are all less than 10%. In the modal test of the frame structure of the rice transplanter, the identification results of the modal parameters are generally reliable. The recognition accuracy of the PolyLeast-Squares Complex Frequency (PolyLSCF) algorithm is lower than the recognition accuracy of the admittance circle method and modal peak picking. The values of some off-diagonal elements in the modal mass matrix calculated by the PolyLSCF algorithm and the admittance circle method are greater than 0.2. The diagonal elements of the modal mass matrix calculated by the modal peak picking method are all 1.
Trapping efficiency of common brushtail possums is affected by rainfall
Authors: Si Alice Yu , Ross Alexandra Kate , Crisp Helen Amanda
Published: April 2023

Determining factors that influence the trapping success of semi-arboreal species will inform wildlife management, improve capture rates, and enhance data reliability. We compared the capture success of common brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) across different rainfall levels using data collected over a 12-year period at a wildlife sanctuary in South Australia. We found that low rainfall in the 6 months prior to a cage trapping survey increased the average number of common brushtail possums trapped per night, likely due to the attraction of the high-calorie bait combined with increased movement of possums at ground level.
Elephants as an animal model for self-domestication
Authors: Raviv Limor , Jacobson Sarah L. , Plotnik Joshua M. , Bowman Jacob , Lynch Vincent , Benítez-Burraco Antonio
Published: April 2023

Humans are unique in their sophisticated culture and societal structures, their complex languages, and their extensive tool use. According to the human self-domestication hypothesis, this unique set of traits may be the result of an evolutionary process of self-induced domestication, in which humans evolved to be less aggressive and more cooperative. However, the only other species that has been argued to be self-domesticated besides humans so far is bonobos, resulting in a narrow scope for investigating this theory limited to the primate order. Here, we propose an animal model for studying self-domestication: the elephant. First, we support our hypothesis with an extensive cross-species comparison, which suggests that elephants indeed exhibit many of the features associated with self-domestication (e.g., reduced aggression, increased prosociality, extended juvenile period, increased playfulness, socially regulated cortisol levels, and complex vocal behavior). Next, we present genetic evidence to reinforce our proposal, showing that genes positively selected in elephants are enriched in pathways associated with domestication traits and include several candidate genes previously associated with domestication. We also discuss several explanations for what may have triggered a self-domestication process in the elephant lineage. Our findings support the idea that elephants, like humans and bonobos, may be self-domesticated. Since the most recent common ancestor of humans and elephants is likely the most recent common ancestor of all placental mammals, our findings have important implications for convergent evolution beyond the primate taxa, and constitute an important advance toward understanding how and why self-domestication shaped humans’ unique cultural niche.
Programmable mechanical devices through magnetically tunable bistable elements
Authors: Pal Aniket , Sitti Metin
Published: April 2023

Mechanical instabilities, especially in the form of bistable and multistable mechanisms, have recently garnered a lot of interest as a mode of improving the capabilities and increasing the functionalities of soft robots, structures, and soft mechanical systems in general. Although bistable mechanisms have shown high tunability through the variation of their material and design variables, they lack the option of modifying their attributes dynamically during operation. Here, we propose a facile approach to overcome this limitation by dispersing magnetically active microparticles throughout the structure of bistable elements and using an external magnetic field to tune their responses. We experimentally demonstrate and numerically verify the predictable and deterministic control of the response of different types of bistable elements under varying magnetic fields. Additionally, we show how this approach can be used to induce bistability in intrinsically monostable structures simply by placing them in a controlled magnetic field. Furthermore, we show the application of this strategy in precisely controlling the features (e.g., velocity and direction) of transition waves propagating in a multistable lattice created by cascading a chain of individual bistable elements. Moreover, we can implement active elements like a transistor (gate controlled by magnetic fields) or magnetically reconfigurable functional elements like binary logic gates for processing mechanical signals. This strategy serves to provide programming and tuning capabilities required to allow more extensive utilization of mechanical instabilities in soft systems with potential functions such as soft robotic locomotion, sensing and triggering elements, mechanical computation, and reconfigurable devices.
Tectonic and orbital forcing of the South Asian monsoon in central Tibet during the late Oligocene
Authors: Jin Chun-Sheng , Xu Deke , Li Mingsong , Hu Pengxiang , Jiang Zhaoxia , Liu Jianxing , Miao Yunfa , Wu Fuli , Liang Wentian , Zhang Qiang , Su Bai , Liu Qingsong , Zhang Ran , Sun Jimin
Published: April 2023

The modern pattern of the Asian monsoon is thought to have formed around the Oligocene/Miocene transition and is generally attributed to Himalaya–Tibetan Plateau (H–TP) uplift. However, the timing of the ancient Asian monsoon over the TP and its response to astronomical forcing and TP uplift remains poorly known because of the paucity of well-dated high-resolution geological records from the TP interior. Here, we present a precession-scale cyclostratigraphic sedimentary section of 27.32 to 23.24 million years ago (Ma) during the late Oligocene epoch from the Nima Basin to show that the South Asian monsoon (SAM) had already advanced to the central TP (32°N) at least by 27.3 Ma, which is indicated by cyclic arid–humid fluctuations based on environmental magnetism proxies. A shift of lithology and astronomically orbital periods and amplified amplitude of proxy measurements as well as a hydroclimate transition around 25.8 Ma suggest that the SAM intensified at ~25.8 Ma and that the TP reached a paleoelevation threshold for enhancing the coupling between the uplifted plateau and the SAM. Orbital short eccentricity-paced precipitation variability is argued to be mainly driven by orbital eccentricity-modulated low-latitude summer insolation rather than glacial-interglacial Antarctic ice sheet fluctuations. The monsoon data from the TP interior provide key evidence to link the greatly enhanced tropical SAM at 25.8 Ma with TP uplift rather than global climate change and suggest that SAM’s northward expansion to the boreal subtropics was dominated by a combination of tectonic and astronomical forcing at multiple timescales in the late Oligocene epoch.
The optimized Fenton-like activity of Fe single-atom sites by Fe atomic clusters–mediated electronic configuration modulation
Authors: Mo Fan , Song Chunlin , Zhou Qixing , Xue Wendan , Ouyang Shaohu , Wang Qi , Hou Zelin , Wang Shuting , Wang Jianling
Published: April 2023

The performance optimization of isolated atomically dispersed metal active sites is critical but challenging. Here, TiO
2
@Fe species-N-C catalysts with Fe atomic clusters (ACs) and satellite Fe-N
4
active sites were fabricated to initiate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) oxidation reaction. The AC-induced charge redistribution of single atoms (SAs) was verified, thus strengthening the interaction between SAs and PMS. In detail, the incorporation of ACs optimized the HSO
5
-
oxidation and SO
5
·− 
desorption steps, accelerating the reaction progress. As a result, the Vis/TiFeAS/PMS system rapidly eliminated 90.81% of 45 mg/L tetracycline (TC) in 10 min. The reaction process characterization suggested that PMS as an electron donor would transfer electron to Fe species in TiFeAS, generating
1
O
2
. Subsequently, the h
VB
+
can induce the generation of electron-deficient Fe species, promoting the reaction circulation. This work provides a strategy to construct catalysts with multiple atom assembly–enabled composite active sites for high-efficiency PMS-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs).