bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Short Sleep Duration and Hypertension: A Double Hit for the Brain
Authors: Yiallourou Stephanie , Baril Andree‐Ann , Wiedner Crystal , Song Xuemei , Bernal Rebecca , Himali Dibya , Cavuoto Marina G. , DeCarli Charles , Beiser Alexa , Seshadri Sudha , Himali Jayandra J. , Pase Matthew P.
Published: October 2024

Background

Short sleep duration has been associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment and dementia. Short sleep is associated with elevated blood pressure, yet the combined insult of short sleep and hypertension on brain health remains unclear. We assessed whether the association of sleep duration with cognition and vascular brain injury was moderated by hypertensive status.

Methods and Results

A total of 682 dementia‐free participants (mean age, 62±9 years; 53% women) from the Framingham Heart Study completed assessments of cognition, office blood pressure, and self‐reported habitual and polysomnography‐derived sleep duration; 637 underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging. Linear regressions were performed to assess effect modification by hypertensive status on total sleep time (coded in hours) and cognitive and magnetic resonance imaging outcomes. There was a significant interaction between sleep duration and hypertensive status when predicting executive function/processing speed (Trail Making B‐A) and white matter hyperintensities. When results were stratified by hypertensive status, longer sleep duration was associated with better executive functioning/processing speed scores in the hypertensive group (meaning that shorter sleep duration was associated with poorer executive function/processing speed scores) (self‐report sleep: β=0.041 [95% CI, 0.012–0.069],
P
=0.005; polysomnography sleep: β=0.045 [95% CI, 0.002–0.087],
P
=0.038), but no association was observed for the normotensive group. Similarly, shorter subjective sleep duration was associated with higher white matter hyperintensity burden in the hypertensive group (β=−0.115 [95% CI, −0.227 to −0.004],
P
=0.042), but not in the normotensive group.

Conclusions

In individuals with hypertension, shorter sleep duration was associated with worse cognitive performance and greater brain injury.
Native Sinus Hemodynamics and Thrombosis in Transcatheter Heart Valve: Effect of Implant Depth and Coronary Flow
Authors: Koo Hyun Jung , Kang Jihun , Kang Do‐Yoon , Ahn Jung‐Min , Park Duk‐Woo , Park Seung‐Jung , Kang Joon‐Won , Ha Hojin , Yang Dong Hyun
Published: October 2024

Background

This study aimed to investigate the hemodynamic and anatomic factors associated with sinus thrombosis following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), integrating in vivo patient data analysis and in vitro experiments.

Methods and Results

Postprocedural, 4‐dimensional, multiphase computed tomography data from 211 patients enrolled in the ADAPT‐TAVR (Anticoagulation Versus Dual Antiplatelet Therapy for Prevention of Leaflet Thrombosis and Cerebral Embolization After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement) study were analyzed. The prevalence of native sinus thrombosis was examined in relation to valve type, implant depth, and anatomic features. In vitro experiments used particle image velocimetry to observe changes in sinus flow based on the transcatheter heart valves (23‐mm SAPIEN3, Edwards Lifesciences; and 29‐mm CoreValve, Medtronic) height and coronary artery flow. Native sinus thrombosis was more common in self‐expanding valves (39.1% versus 14.9%,
P
=0.004). In per‐cusp analysis of in vivo patient data, adjusted transcatheter heart valve implant depth (odds ratio, 1.2 [95% CI, 1.1–1.3];
P
<0.001), noncoronary sinus of Valsalva (odds ratio, 4.0 [95% CI, 2.0–7.8];
P
<0.001), sinus inflow diameter (odds ratio, 0.8 [95% CI, 0.6–0.9];
P
=0.008), and implanted valve size (odds ratio, 0.8 [95% CI, 0.7–1.0];
P
=0.025) were significant factors associated with native sinus thrombosis. In the in vitro experiments, CoreValve showed noticeable flow stasis compared with SAPIEN3. High‐positioned SAPIEN3 was linked to reduced velocity within the native sinus of Valsalva. Coronary artery flow led to higher sinus velocity and improved particle washout, reducing sinus thrombosis risk.

Conclusions

This study provides insights into the relationship between transcatheter heart valve deployment and native sinus thrombosis, emphasizing the role of anatomic factors in relation to the risk of sinus thrombosis.
First-in-Human Phase I Clinical Trial of the Adenosine A1R/A3R Agonist AST-004 in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Manna Lisa M. , Hernandez Juan , Hunt Dawn E. , Lakner Géza , Matson Mark A. , Poe Russell B. , Korinek William S. , Lancey Robert A. , Liston Theodore E.
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND:

AST-004 is a small-molecule adenosine A1/A3 receptor agonist that has exhibited significant cerebroprotective efficacy in preclinical models of acute ischemic stroke and traumatic brain injury. The primary objectives of this clinical phase I first-in-human study were to evaluate the safety and tolerability profile of single ascending intravenous doses in healthy subjects. The secondary objectives were to characterize the single-dose pharmacokinetic profiles in plasma, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and urine.

METHODS:

In part 1 of the study, AST-004 was administered in ascending dose cohorts of 5, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg, with 6 subjects in each cohort receiving the study drug and 2 receiving placebo. In part 2, all 12 subjects received a 100 mg IV infusion of the study drug followed by a single CSF collection per subject via lumbar puncture at 20, 40, or 60 minutes after infusion.

RESULTS:

A total of 42 subjects received AST-004, with no severe or serious adverse events observed. Twelve of these subjects experienced a treatment-emergent adverse event, the most frequent across groups being headache. In part 2, pharmacokinetic analyses confirmed that AST-004 was distributed in the CSF, with the CSF-to-plasma ratio increasing over the 3 timepoints sampled. The mean half-life was 1.1 to 1.4 hours for doses of 25 to 100 mg, and the geometric mean maximum plasma concentration obtained in the highest dosing cohort (100 mg) was 2232±428 ng/mL.

CONCLUSIONS:

AST-004 was safe and well-tolerated at plasma concentrations 3 to 8× higher than those associated with significant efficacy in astrocyte’s preclinical primate stroke efficacy studies, with CSF concentrations highest at the 60-minute collection timepoint, the last timepoint tested. This study supports additional clinical investigations, including evaluation of an extended infusion to support the phase 2 program in stroke and traumatic brain injury.
Arabic Narrative in American Voices: Edgar Allan Poe and John Barth
Authors: Chakraoui Rim
Published: October 2024

In this paper, I set out to demonstrate how Poe and Barth understand Arabic narrative showcased in The Arabian Nights, and why they show so much approximation, deviation, and swerve. In their misreading, both Poe and Barth reveal much about the mechanism of the incorporation of Arabic narrative as much as they convey their own cultural and literary concerns. Premised on postcolonial and postmodern theory, I show how the American Orientalism of Poe and Barth perpetrates a misrepresentation of both Arabic narrative, Muslims, and the East. While Foucault’s ‘conditions of possibility’ pertain to a cultural context that is bound to inform writing, there is also the predilection of both writers to maraud Alf Laylah wa-Laylah as their free zone, a colony of a sort.
Effects of short- and long-term thermal stress on developmental stages and adults vis-à-vis reproductive physiology of Spodoptera litura
Authors: G.S. Sujatha , Sagar Doddachowdappa , Kumar Hemant
Published: October 2024

Temperature is a critical environmental factor influencing insect development, physiology, and distribution. Global warming is predicted to increase the frequency and severity of extreme heat events, influencing insects differently across life stages. This study investigates the effects of short- and long-term thermal stress on the tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura, a polyphagous pest damaging over 389 plant species. We exposed eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults to elevated temperatures of 42°C and 46°C for four hours and one hour, respectively, in single and repeated occasions for two, four, two and two days for egg, larva, pupa and adults, respectively. Our results demonstrate significant variation in biological and reproductive fitness parameters across treatments. Notably, thermal stress skewed the sex ratio towards females. We also observed impacts on offspring survival and potential negative carry-over effects. Overall, the effects of heat stress were dependent on temperature, exposure duration, and life stage, with adults exhibiting the highest tolerance. These findings suggest that S. litura possesses a degree of heat tolerance that may enable it to survive summer heat waves, but its offspring and other life stages could be more vulnerable under future climate scenarios.
Donepezil and Memantine-Induced Second-Degree Atrioventricular Block: A Case Report
Authors: Mahadevappa Manjappa , Hussain Sakeer , Manohar Shivananda
Published: October 2024

Donepezil and memantine are second-generation antipsychotics widely used in the management of mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease. These drugs are highly selective for the central nervous system, targeting different neural pathways to mitigate cognitive decline. Donepezil is a reversible and specific acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, while memantine is an NMDA receptor antagonist which modulates glutamatergic activity. Although these medications are safe, they are associated with adverse effects, and cardiovascular complications are rare. The reported cardiac adverse drug reactions include bradycardia, atrioventricular block, and prolonged QT interval. We are reporting a case of an 81-year-old male patient with schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s disease and bilateral sensorineural deafness receiving oral donepezil and memantine presented with second-degree atrioventricular block. The patient’s atrioventricular block recovered completely in 2 to 3 weeks after the discontinuation of donepezil-memantine and with a short course of sympathomimetic drugs.
How Parenting Facilitates Adolescents’ Tricultural Identity Development: A Mixed Methods Collective Case Study of Tridimensionally Acculturating Black Jamaican Immigrant Families
Authors: Ferguson Gail M. , Senesathith Vanisa , Ibrahim Salma A.
Published: October 2024

This article presents a mixed methods collective case study of the role of maternal socialization in shaping the tricultural identity development of Jamaican immigrant adolescents in the United States, who are known to acculturate tridimensionally. Seven Black adolescents (14–18 years; four male) completed online surveys and their Jamaican-born mothers completed online interviews during the dual COVID-19 and Whiteness pandemics. In-depth mixed methods case analyses and cross-case comparisons revealed both particulars and universals. Across all cases, adolescents had strong Jamaican private identities shaped by steady proximal and remote enculturation into Jamaican culture, and mothers’ skillful authoritative parenting supported their autonomy in acquiring and navigating U.S. cultural affiliations. Case particulars grouped adolescents into four profiles with one case fitting two profiles. 1) “Triculturals” had strong Jamaican or multicultural socialization with positive psychological and academic adaptation, but differing multicultural identity conflict. 2) “Reluctant Majority Culture Assimilators” had high achievement but differing psychological adaptation with mothers whose socialization first involved accepting their teens’ African American identities. 3) “Majority Culture Rejectors” had high belonging and no psychological distress but low average grades with maternal socialization that promoted the American Dream master narrative and resisted the alternative narrative of negative linked fate of ethnic minorities. 4) Finally, “Minority Culture Assimilators” had low multicultural identity conflict but differing psychological and academic adaptation and were being socialized by their mothers to resist being either victim or perpetrator of racial discrimination by harnessing cultural variability to play up and play down cultural identities and by avoiding use of ethnic-racial generalizations.
Why We Need Diverse Methods for Assessing Cultural Identity: Introduction to the Special Issue
Authors: Manago Adriana M. , McKenzie Jessica
Published: October 2024

In this introduction to the special issue on diverse methods for cultural identity, we begin by addressing the evolving complexities of defining oneself amidst modern globalization and immigration. We then preview the current collection of papers, which collectively showcase the complexity of cultural identity by exploring how people, especially adolescents and young adults, navigate a plethora of cultural influences—whether through direct migration or the pervasive impact of global cultures—as they psychologically manage diverse and sometimes conflicting allegiances and worldviews. The studies featured in this issue employ a range of methodologies, from qualitative analyses to mixed-methods approaches, to expand our knowledge of the constitution of contemporary cultural identities beyond common quantitative metrics of self-categorization and group belongingness. For instance, research on Jamaican American adolescents highlights how cultural identity is formed through reciprocal socialization processes and systemic factors such as racism. Similarly, studies involving Hmong American youth and Guatemalan adolescents reveal tensions and creative harmonizations in identity management, challenging notions of a homogenized global culture. We conclude by underscoring the need for future research to take a nuanced, intersectional approach to the study of cultural identity, to explore creative measurement tools that are sensitive to local meaning-making among diverse groups around the world, and to attend to the impact of power dynamics in shaping one’s sense of self in relation to their cultural group(s).
Contentious politics in the borderlands: How nonviolence and migrant characteristics affect public attitudes
Authors: Edwards Pearce , Arnon Daniel
Published: October 2024

New political issues and opportunities lead new actors into contentious politics. This article studies one such case: transnational migrants making claims and engaging in collective action when traversing state borders. As global migration flows and accompanying political backlash has grown since the mid-2010s, borders have increasingly become sites of contention between groups of migrants seeking entry and state agents attempting to refuse it. Media coverage and elite discourse also has focused on contentious border crossings, with implications for public attitudes toward migration. In this setting, public attitudes toward migrants should vary based on the migrants’ tactics and characteristics. We expect migrants engaging in nonviolent resistance to security forces will win more public support than those engaging in violence. Migrant characteristics – claims or motives for migration and ethnic identity – should also affect support. Survey experiments in the United States and Mexico containing fictionalized vignettes of a contentious event at the countries’ shared land border show strikingly similar results: migrant nonviolent resistance, compared to violent confrontations, reduces support for deportation and increases beliefs that migrants contribute to society. These effects are consistent across party lines and border proximity. Neither migrants’ claims nor migrants’ ethnic identity affect public support in the context of a contentious event.
Low-carbon generation for the restoration of our ecosystems: Technology, strategy, and policy – Editorial
Authors: Duan Hongbo , Zheng Jiali , Wang Shouyang
Published: October 2024

The article identifies key principles of the important role played by low-carbon generation for ecosystems, which explores studies from perspectives of technology, strategy, and policy. In doing so, it provides a scientific basis for policymakers to formulate efficient and feasible plans to reduce emissions via low-carbon generation to revive ecosystems. Various situations are designed for the development path of low-carbon power generation via adaptive and systematic policies with advanced technologies and appropriate strategies. The article goes on to introduce and discuss a collection of papers that explore the restoration of ecosystem by low-carbon power generation. They discuss how to use technology to optimize low-carbon power generation system, analyze the impact of policies on low-carbon power generation, and explain the mechanism of strategies on low-carbon development of ecosystems.
Not Talking about Climate Change: Everyday Interactions, Relational Work and Climate Silences
Authors: Wright Katy , Irwin Sarah
Published: October 2024

Despite evidence of extensive and growing concern about climate change, citizens remain relatively unlikely to discuss it in everyday conversation, presenting a puzzle to commentators and researchers. Different explanations of climate silence have been suggested, most notably from social psychology and from political economy perspectives, which posit forms of cultural control. However, there is limited evidence about the relational contexts of everyday climate talk and the meanings that people themselves attach to it. In this article, we analyse data from new qualitative research and explore how climate talk is patterned, forms of self-silencing and the meanings attached to climate talk, with reference to its interactional and relational contexts. We argue that social interactional contexts, relational work and mundane forms of practical constraint play an under-investigated yet crucial role in limiting climate talk.
Influence of projectile shape on ballistic behavior of 3D shallow straight-joint woven fabrics
Authors: Wei Qingsong , Chen Jiaxue , Liu Yuankun , Wu Weili , Zhang Huapeng
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the influence of projectile shape on the ballistic behavior of 3D shallow straight-joint woven fabrics (3DSSWFs). Utilizing a series of numerical simulations, we analyze the impact resistance and energy absorption capabilities of 3DSSWFs when subjected to projectiles of varying geometries. The projectile setup includes spherical, conical, flat, and hemispherical projectiles to comprehensively assess their effects on fabric deformation, damage mechanisms, and overall ballistic performance. Results indicate that projectile shape significantly affects the penetration resistance and failure modes of 3DSSWFs. Spherical projectiles tend to cause extensive delamination and localized fabric failure, whereas conical and flat projectiles exhibit different interaction dynamics, influencing the energy dissipation patterns within the fabric matrix. The findings of this study provide critical insights into the complex relationships between projectile geometry and fabric response in 3DSSWFs. By elucidating the role of projectile shape in determining the ballistic limit, energy absorption capacity, and failure mechanisms, this research contributes to the broader understanding of impact dynamics in advanced textile structures.
Difficulties Faced by Residents and Clues for Solutions: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Mıdık Ozlem , Demirören Meral , Baykan Zeynep
Published: October 2024

A complex healthcare system often leads to the high variety experiences among medical postgraduate students. This study aims to reveal the difficulties they face during postgraduate education, their consequences, and coping strategies. This is a phenomenological study conducted by using the maximum diversity strategy from purposive sampling methods. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 medical residents from different disciplines, 7 step of thematic analysis was applied. The findings were presented under the headings of challenges, outcomes, and ways of coping in line with the research questions. The sub-themes within the “postgraduate medical education” theme were “learning-teaching processes, educators, educational program, interactions, assessment, and evaluation.” The sub-themes in the “culture/climate” theme were “academic environment, disruptive behaviors, rules and procedures, and hierarchy.” The difficulties experienced by residents in the “health system” theme were examined under the sub-themes of “health care team, health service delivery, payment for service, patients, and their relatives.” The sub-themes in the “specialization” theme were “scope and practices of the specialty area” and “perception of the specialty area.” The difficulties in the “time/period” theme were analyzed under (1) senior and (2) junior sub-themes. The consequences of difficulties were examined under the themes of “deterioration in well-being and perception of incompetence.” Coping with the difficulties was categorized into individual efforts, not expend effort, and getting support themes. Individual efforts were examined under the sub-themes of “sharing difficulties, communication-interaction, being a problem solver, maintaining well-being, and socializing.” Sub-themes of getting support were classified as institutional and psychological. It is necessary to understand the phenomenon of “residents” difficulties’. All parts involved in PGME, should be aware that residents are in early adulthood. They have to recognize internal structural constraints, distinguish between internal and external factors. Solutions should go beyond individual development, systematic design and support mechanisms should be established at both institutional and national levels.
Using Poetic Assemblage to Trouble Stigma Associated With Perinatal Drug Use
Authors: Nichols Tracy R.
Published: October 2024

The concept of assemblage has a long history in both the arts and social sciences. Assemblage thinking is particularly useful for critical scholars to engage with complex phenomena, such as drug use and stigma. Analytic methods that support assemblage thinking through the construction, deconstruction, and reconstruction of data-based assemblages are needed. This paper describes a qualitative analytic method, poetic assemblage, that merges the arts and social sciences to support assemblage thinking. I demonstrate its utility by presenting its application to data gathered on the stigma associated with perinatal drug use. Poetic assemblage, a form of poetic inquiry, uses disparate data sources to create temporary constructions that allow the researcher to make and remake connections and relationships across human, nonhuman, and discursive agents. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate how this method can be used to support assemblage thinking and mid-level theorizing around complex and dynamic phenomena. The method involves the evolvement of constructed, deconstructed, and reconstructed research poems. This process creates a liminal space for the researcher to engage with multiple possibilities and allows for a focus on emergent questions rather than on identifying simple answers. Using a series of studies on how healthcare and social services are provided to pregnant and parenting people who use drugs (PPPWUD), I describe my initial use of poetic inquiry in data analysis and my subsequent recognition of its limitations in supporting assemblage thinking. I then demonstrate both the construction and reconstruction of assemblage poems as well as provide examples of analytic insights on structural stigma that were illuminated from the process. While I demonstrate its application to a specific form of stigma, I am proposing the method's utility for imagining new possibilities, identifying emergent questions, and deepening theorizing for any complex social issue.
A simple dynamic time constant model for both summer overheating and winter heating analysis
Authors: Levermore Geoff
Published: October 2024

As new buildings have high levels of insulation it is important to ensure that solar and other internal gains do not make the interiors too hot in summer. This is well known. But assessing overheating at an early design stage is not so easy. The Thermal Mass Parameter (TMP) in the regulations is based on a 24 h cyclic assessment of the depth of heat storage in a material. This paper examines a simpler method using the whole thermal mass, simple steady state calculations and a time constant that can take into account the heat gains over a number of days, such as in a heat wave, not just over 24 h. This simple dynamic time constant model (SDTCM) would be a more realistic model to assess overheating and performance for Future Homes and Buildings Standards, now under consultation in the UK. The model can equally be applied to assess winter heating and for dynamic simulation to consider control strategies.

Practical application

This paper describes a simple model that can be used for determining heating sizing in winter and overheating in summer. It relates to assessing the thermal mass via the time constant relating to the dynamic response of the building. This will be useful in initial design and possibly regulation.
Closing the loop in building services: A systematic review of circular economy applications
Authors: Itanola Moses , Griffiths Philip , Motawa Ibrahim
Published: October 2024

The substantial environmental impact of buildings has garnered significant attention. However, sustainability efforts often prioritise structural and envelope materials, overlooking building services - systems for ensuring occupants’ safety and comfort. Given their complexity, rapid technological advancements, and substantial costs, these components necessitate a circular economy approach to optimise resource utilisation. This study conducts a systematic literature review to assess the current state of circular economy implementation in building services, identifying barriers, opportunities, key influencers, and potential strategies. Findings indicate that applying circular economy principles within building services remains nascent. Barriers encompass technical, economic, legislative, and organisational challenges. Conversely, numerous opportunities exist, alongside six key influential stakeholders. The analysis enabled the development of a framework to integrate existing principles and building blocks with identified essential strategies for advancing circular building services. The integrated strategies include design, business models, policy, product information, warranties, life cycle costing, digital technology, education, collaboration, and transparency. This study recognises various research gaps and highlights the need for further exploration to realise the full potential of circular economy in building services. Ultimately, a shift in mindset, coupled with new skills and holistic approaches, is required to drive progress in this domain.

Practical application

The application of circular economy in building services is still nascent, representing a missing piece for advancing sustainable construction. This paper examines the existing knowledge in this domain to identify barriers, opportunities, and key influencers. The strategies identified enabled a framework for advancing circular building services. The study is vital for engineers, designers, researchers, policy makers, and all other stakeholders to advance circularity in the building services sector.
What she believes or what she says? The relation between maternal social dominance orientation, right-wing authoritarianism, mental state talk, and children’s theory of mind
Authors: Kong Qiuyi , Fraser Harry , Elwina Felicia Crysta , Ruffman Ted
Published: October 2024

The present study provided a novel examination of how children’s theory of mind (ToM) might be related to two maternal beliefs: (1) social dominance orientation (SDO: the belief that inequalities in society are justified) and (2) right-wing authoritarianism (RWA: a belief in following established authorities). We reasoned that these beliefs could affect maternal talk in that mothers with high SDO and RWA would be less likely to use mental state (MS) talk to explore peoples’ desires and feelings, particularly when talking about individuals of an outgroup (e.g., of a different ethnicity). As a consequence, there might be links between maternal beliefs and children’s ToM. We measured SDO and RWA in mothers, gave children theory-of-mind tasks, and measured the MS talk of 79 New Zealand mothers when asked to describe pictures to their 2- to 5-year-olds. Mothers with high SDO and RWA provided less MS talk when describing individuals of a different ethnicity, and mothers with high SDO and RWA had children with a worse ToM. The present findings provide unique information regarding the role of parent beliefs in children’s ToM.
Embrace or leave social media? On the viability of public service media organizations’ strategies facing platform power
Authors: Moe Hallvard
Published: October 2024

This article addresses the question of whether a withdrawal from social media platforms represents a viable strategy in the ongoing relational power negotiations between public service media and platforms, and if so, under what conditions. Recent diverging strategic efforts from public service broadcasters in two European countries – Germany and Norway – serve as illustrations of how existing organizations attempt to manoeuvre the current online realm dominated by platforms. I discuss findings from qualitative studies of news use in Norway and draw on comparative survey data on news use. I propose that high levels of trust in public service media, and widespread use of the public service broadcaster's own sites and offers, are key prerequisites to consider when assessing the viability of a withdrawal from third-party platforms in different countries. By zooming in on one type of media organization (public service broadcasters), and looking at different such organizations’ characteristics and context, and the dynamics of their relations to online platforms, the paper contributes to our understanding of platform power.
Unlocking public infrastructures? State aid and the common European data space
Authors: Prug Toni , Bilić Paško
Published: October 2024

EU state aid rules are part of the EU’s competition policy, a form of soft law developed to nudge states away from public investments in many areas. Rules were used to impose that market competition holds a privileged position, and that enacting social, political, or economic benefits that might stifle competition requires a complicated legal and political negotiation process between the European Commission, Member States, and private companies. Nonetheless, many strategic projects or situations in recent years led to significant state aid. The Commission utilised a variety of means to encourage both private and public investments in EU based digital infrastructure that is critical for public media services and for unified European data space. Despite EU’s balancing act between the private and public interests, business interests are dangerously capturing the development in the media data space. To grasp the social and economic contribution of publicly financed productive activities, we approach public broadcasting systems as producers of public wealth of a peculiar kind whose activities and goals are defined by their public purpose, rather than the imperatives of capital and profitmaking. Unifying data spaces with too many design decisions conceded to capitalist production runs the risk of further neglecting social foundations of member states. We argue that the desired digital transformation would be more successful if it moved towards affirmative approaches to public services and public infrastructures, recognising the historical and contemporary contribution of the production of public wealth and public media in member states.
Intra-cisterna-magna bevacizumab injection (ICM-BI) reproduces pathological alterations of cerebral small vessel diseases
Authors: Kang Xinmei , Su Xiaotao , Li Tiemei , Wang Shisi , Huang Huipeng , Liu Yuxin , Li Chunyi , Deng Xiaohui , Hu Mengyan , Lu Tingting , Wei Lei , Cai Wei , Lu Zhengqi
Published: October 2024

General modeling strategies for sporadic cerebral small blood vessel diseases (CSVDs) include limiting blood stream in large blood vessels and inducing systemic hypertension, in which small blood vessel deficit is either a secondary or concomitant pathology. In the current study, we introduce that intra-cisterna-magna Bevacizumab injection (ICM-BI) directly causes cerebral small blood vessel injury by neutralizing VEGF-A, the indispensable growth factor for angiogenesis. ICM-BI reproduces neuro-functional impairment, tight junction loss, cerebral micro-bleeds (CMBs), amyloid peptide accumulation, neuronal injury, white matter loss, and glial cell activation, which are common manifestations of sporadic CSVDs. Compared with existing CSVD models, small blood vessel injury is more prominent in the ICM-BI brain. Moreover, no significant alteration in large blood vessels or peripheral organs after ICM-BI is recorded. We thus propose that ICM-BI is a neat, economic and applicable methodology to establish murine sporadic CSVD model.
Prognostic performance of the Bova, sPESI, and Qanadli scores in patients with acute pulmonary embolism
Authors: Korkut Mustafa , Yavuz Alpaslan , Selvi Fatih , Zortuk Ökkeş , İnan Erdinç Hakan , Güven Hasan Can
Published: October 2024

Background

Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is a disease with a serious prognosis and a high probability of death in the emergency department.

Purpose

To investigate the prediction of PE-related mortality and intensive care admission (ICU) of Qanadli (Qscore), Bova, and simplified Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (sPESI) scores.

Material and Methods

This retrospective observational study consisted of all patients diagnosed with acute PE who were imaged under computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) for a total of 5 years between 1 June 2018 and 1 June 2023. The prediction of radiological and clinical scores for mortality and ICU admission was examined.

Results

A total of 95 patients were analyzed. Patients who died and those who were admitted to the ICU had a significantly higher frequency of being found to have a high-risk (≥1) sPESI score ( P = 0.04 and P = 0.016, respectively). For mortality, the sPESI score was found to be significant; the sensitivity and specificity were observed as 54% and 66% (area under the curve [AUC]=0.670, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.527–0.814; P = 0.020). For ICU admission, the sensitivity and specificity of the Qscore, sPESI, and Bova scores were 35%, 77%, and 58%, and 78%, 65%, and 84% respectively (AUC=0.626, 95% CI=0.511–0.740, P = 0.031; AUC=0.769, 95% CI=0.674–0.865, P < 0.001; and AUC=0.767, 95% CI=0.671–0.862, P < 0.001, respectively).

Conclusion

It was found that the sPESI score was effective at predicting mortality in patients with acute PE. Qscore, sPESI, and Bova scores have been shown to be useful in predicting ICU admission.
Long-term administration of alendronate sodium caused an atypical femoral shaft fracture in a 36-year-old woman: a case report and literature review
Authors: Duan Wenyu , Qiang Maochang , Zhang Haidong , Zhou Dongming
Published: October 2024

Long-term bisphosphonate therapy is associated with atypical or insufficiency fractures, particularly in the proximal femur. We observed a case of an atypical femoral shaft fracture in a patient with a long-term history of alendronate therapy. A 36-year-old woman was admitted with a complaint of pain in her right mid-thigh following low-energy trauma. She had been taking alendronate for more than 15 years. X-rays indicated a fracture of the right femoral shaft. The patient was treated with proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) fixation. This case highlights concerns regarding long-term bisphosphonate therapy and its potential complications.
Comparison of noninvasive and intermittent positive pressure ventilation in treating extremely premature and extremely low birth weight infants
Authors: Chen Huifen , Zhang Ming , Bai Xingyu , Zheng Shuang , Wei Dawei , Zhang Mengbin , Qiao Yanxia
Published: October 2024

Objective

We compared the application value of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) and intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) in the treatment of very premature infants and extremely low birth weight infants.

Methods

Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors influencing the transition from noninvasive to invasive ventilation in this infant cohort.

Results

Among extremely preterm infants, 83.3% with gestational age <25 weeks transitioned from noninvasive to invasive ventilation, as did 80.6% of those with birth weight <1000 grams. Multivariate analysis indicated that gestational age <25 weeks, birth weight <1000 grams, and Apgar score ≤7 were significant factors affecting the likelihood of transitioning to invasive ventilation. The survival rate at discharge was 94% for the NIPPV group compared with 89% for the IPPV group. The NIPPV group demonstrated significantly lower rates of complications, shorter weaning times, and reduced lengths of hospital stay compared with the IPPV group.

Conclusions

Both NIPPV and IPPV effectively improved oxygenation and ventilation in extremely preterm infants. However, NIPPV showed significant advantages in reducing complications, shortening weaning time, and decreasing the hospital stay duration. Prioritizing the use of NIPPV may enhance treatment outcomes and survival quality, providing evidence-based support for clinical practice.
PALB2 analysis in the diagnostic process of breast cancer: An Italian monocentric experience
Authors: Tibiletti Maria Grazia , Carnevali Ileana , Facchi Sofia , Libera Laura , Chiappa Corrado , Sessa Fausto , La Rosa Stefano , Rovera Francesca
Published: October 2024

Background:

The clinical utility of germline BRCA1 and BRCA2 testing is well established in patients with family history suggestive for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome. Recently, germline PALB2 pathogenic variants were also associated with an increased risk of breast and other cancers and, in the Italian population, it has been described in few studies without a systematic germline analysis of BRCA1, BRCA2 and PALB2.

Objectives and Methods:

In this study, we described ASST Sette Laghi cancer genetic counselling services’ experience in the analysis of 402 patients with suspected breast and ovarian cancer syndrome, by using BRCA1, BRCA2 and PALB2 germline genetic test.

Results:

The frequency of PALB2 pathogenic variants was 1.2% compared to 3.5% and 3.2% for BRCA1 and BRCA2, respectively, whereas class 3 variants were detected in 0.3% and 0.5% of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 investigated patients, respectively. PALB2 pathogenic variants were identified in patients with a strong family history for breast cancer. Moreover, PALB2 variants were significantly associated with a younger age of breast cancer onset (mean age, 40.25 years) compared to wild-type patients (mean age 51.2 years, p-value = 0.0331). Similar to BRCA-associated breast cancer, the majority of PALB2 breast cancers were identified at an advanced clinical stage. Pedigree analysis revealed a family history of breast and ovarian cancer syndrome in all PALB2 pathogenic variants carriers (early breast cancer onset, bilateral breast cancer and ovarian cancer).

Conclusion:

In conclusion, the germline analysis of BRCA1, BRCA2 and PALB2 should be included in breast cancer clinical practice as a not negligible number of PALB2 carriers could be identified and referred to specific surveillance protocols.
Vital mobilities: Integrating healthcare, climate change, and mobilities
Authors: Sodero Stephanie , Sinclair Chris
Published: October 2024

Deepening the theorisation of the relationship between bodies and climate change, we introduce vital mobilities – external societal circulations that enable critical internal bodily circulations. Vital mobilities addresses a need for theories and methods to mitigate healthcare disruption, decarbonise health services, and support well-being. First, informed by mobilities literature, we develop a method to conceptualise and intervene in specific vital mobilities. Second, we demonstrate its analytical potential via two illustrative cases, asthma inhalers and malaria vaccines. Finally, we suggest future research agendas emanating from geography's integrative disciplinary atmosphere: surfacing circulations, documenting coagulations, sharing adaptations, envisioning futures, and conceptualising beyond vital mobilities.
Academic Achievement and Engagement During the Transition to Middle Childhood: Comparisons by Learning Disability Status
Authors: Johnson Rachelle M. , Finch Jenna E.
Published: October 2024

Engagement and academic achievement are generally correlated among elementary school students without learning disabilities (LDs). However, it is unclear if this pattern holds for students with LDs, who have lower achievement and engagement than their peers. This study examined whether links between achievement and student-reported behavioral engagement operate differentially for students with and without LDs in a nationally representative U.S. sample ( N ≈ 15,660). Multiple group path analyses demonstrated that associations between third- and fourth-grade achievement were stronger for students with LDs, compared with students without LDs. For children without LDs, engagement mediated all pathways from third-grade to fourth-grade achievement. For students with LDs, engagement only mediated the pathway from third-grade math to fourth-grade reading. Overall, our study emphasizes the crucial role of early achievement for later school success, particularly for students with LDs. We discuss the importance of early intervention to support LD students’ academic achievement and engagement.
Exploring the Remote Administration of a Performance-Based Functional Assessment
Authors: Keleman Audrey A. , Bollinger Rebecca M. , Rodakowski Juleen , Chang Chih-Hung , Kehrer-Dunlap Abigail L. , Ances Beau M. , Stark Susan L.
Published: October 2024

Performance-based assessments of instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) can detect subtle functional impairments better than self-reported questionnaires. While most performance-based IADL assessments were developed for in-person administration, remote administration could increase access to vulnerable older adults. This study compared in-person and remote administration of IADL tasks from the Performance Assessment of Self-Care Skills. Community-dwelling older adults completed tasks (shopping, checkbook balancing, and medication management) at baseline (in-person) and follow-up (either in-person or remote, with modifications) two years later. Scores between the two follow-up groups, change in scores from baseline to follow-up, and differential item functioning (DIF) between the two administration methods at follow-up were examined. There were no differences in scores between methods of administration, but remote tasks took longer, and one item had significant DIF ( ps < .01). Clinicians found remote administration acceptable and feasible. With minor adaptations, remote administration of the three tasks was supported. Further validation research is needed.
First-Year College Students’ Meaning Making of the Pandemic’s Impacts on Their Academics
Authors: Velez Gabriel , Herteen Max , Rainey Elizabeth , Nemanich Samuel , Jessup-Anger Jody
Published: October 2024

The deep reverberations that the COVID-19 pandemic had on adolescents will continue to resonate with them as they age and go to college. In this study, we explore how 70 first year college students make meaning of COVID-19’s impacts on their academic lives as they begin their post-secondary education. Based in a phenomenological approach to ecosystems theory, we interviewed students as they began college to ask about what their academics in high school were like, how they were experiencing the transition to college, and connections they did or did not draw between the two. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyze the interview data, producing five themes: schools and teachers responded well given the circumstances, but laid groundwork for academic struggles into the future; mental and emotional challenges related to the early pandemic affected learning and learning strategies; for some, academic struggles motivated personal growth; varied impacts meant greater challenges in the transition to college; and experiences informed thinking about future trajectories. These results demonstrate the need to attend not simply to static or quantitative measures of the pandemic’s impact on young people’s lives, but how they make meaning and respond as they develop.
Hierarchy or Heterarchy of Mammalian Circadian Timekeepers?
Authors: Bechtel William
Published: October 2024

Mammalian circadian biologists commonly characterize the relation between circadian clocks as hierarchical, with the clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus at the top of the hierarchy. The lineage of research since the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) was first identified as the clock in mammals has challenged this perspective, revealing clocks in peripheral tissues, showing that they respond to their own zeitgebers, coordinate oscillations among themselves, and in some cases modify the behavior of the SCN. Increasingly circadian timekeepers appear to constitute a heterarchical network, with control distributed and operating along multiple pathways. One reason for the continued invocation of hierarchy in mammalian circadian biology is that it is difficult to understand how a heterarchical system could operate effectively so as to maintain the organism. Evolved mechanisms, however, need not respect hierarchy and those that have survived have demonstrated the ability of heterarchical organizaton to maintain organisms.
De l’analyse à l’empathie et à la créativité : La révolution de l’IA dans la pratique et l’enseignement du marketing
Authors: Pavone Giulia , Meyer-Waarden Lars , Munzel Andreas
Published: October 2024

Les progrès rapides de l’intelligence artificielle (IA) exigent de comprendre son impact sur la pratique et l’enseignement du marketing. En adoptant une approche scientométrique et le cadre TCCM (Théorie, Contexte, Caractéristiques, Méthode), notre analyse hybride de la littérature existante synthétise 312 articles sur l’IA dans le domaine du marketing et du comportement du consommateur. Nous identifions cinq domaines de recherche : l’interaction entre l’homme et l’IA dans les services, le traitement du langage naturel ( natural language processing, NLP) et la vision par ordinateur pour la compréhension du consommateur, l’IA pour l’e-commerce et l’aide à la décision, l’automatisation du marketing et la créativité, et l’éthique de l’IA. L’évolution de l’IA est marquée par une transition des technologies analytiques vers des technologies empathiques et intuitives telles que l’informatique affective et l’IA générative. Nous mettons en évidence l’évolution de la dynamique entre les humains et l’IA, l’intégration de l’IA dans les pratiques de marketing et l’éducation, et la transformation du lieu de travail marketing amélioré par l’IA. Nous soulignons l’importance des considérations éthiques, du bien-être des utilisateurs et de l’intégration des outils d’IA générative. Cette étude constitue un guide pour les recherches à venir, les applications pratiques et les progrès éducatifs dans le domaine du marketing et l’IA.