150 YEARS PHYSICS based on the WRONG EQUATION
Authors: Vegt Wim 
Published: June 2019

When we look at todays Physics, we can only be impressed by an enormous amount of knowledge and a complete New World of technical applications that has never been in the world before. We now live in the century of the impressive victory of the new science and the new technology over the old-fashioned world and the old-fashioned way of thinking. Great changings in the way of thinking and the technological achievements are mostly characterized by an important scientific publication in a century that changes everything in that century. We can recognize the century of Isaac Newton who triggered in 1687 the large changings in thinking with his famous publication “Philisophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica” (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy).We recognize the century of James Clerk Maxwell who triggered in 1865 the large changings in thinking with his famous publication “A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field”.We recognize the century of Albert Einstein who triggered in 1905 the large changings in thinking with his famous theory of Special Relativity represented in his publication “On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies”. Manifesting a “New Theory” and a “New Way of Thinking” with important contributions of Hendrik Lorentz, Henri Poincaré and Hermann Minkowski.It is recognizable that with the suddenly changing in thinking in a new period, a new kind of mutual common sense and a general agreement by many scientists of the the new theory and the new way of thinking rises. The new theory becomes like a medieval town with a large high wall around it. The New Theory will be protected by common sense and mutual agreement. In Maxwell’s time there were no optical LASERS (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) and the outcome of his theory was in his time completely in correspondence with what could be measured at that time. The value for the speed of light, calculated from the Maxwell Equations, corresponded almost exactly with the value for the speed of light measured in 1862 by Léon Foucault by a system of rotating mirrors and measured in 1877 by Albert Michelson (300.140 [km/s]). But nowadays there rise several problems with Maxwell’s theory for the electromagnetic field. Since the existence of the LASERS it became clear that the speed of light is not always the same in every direction. When a beam of light, generated by a LASER, propagates with the well-known speed of light “c = 299.792 [km/s]” in the z-direction, the speed of light equals zero in the x-direction and the y-direction (in a orthogonal x,y,z frame).This new phenomenon cannot be explained by Maxwell’s Theory. In Maxwell’s Theory the speed of light has to be exactly the same in every direction. This is clearly not the fact for a LASER beam. And also for the projection of a slide on a screen, it is clearly that the speed of light within the plane of the screen equals zero. Because the slide we observe does not move. While the projection beam itself moves towards the screen with the speed of light “c”, the beam clearly remains focused and does not move within the plane, perpendicular to the direction of propagation. There is no other conclusion than the conclusion that the Maxwell Equations are “wrong” or at least “not complete”. The right equation(s) have to describe both possibilities. The possibility that the light moves in every direction with the exactly the same speed of light “c” like the light being emitted by the sun. And the possibility that the light moves only in one direction and equals zero in the directions perpendicular to the plane of propagation like the propagation of a LASER beam.