bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L2 Preposition Errors in a Learner Corpus
Authors: Oğuz Enis
Published: February 2025

Using a learner corpus, the TELC corpus, this study investigated L2 prepositional error patterns in terms of developmental trajectory and L1 influence in naturalistic data. The analyses were conducted across different score bands and L2 proficiency levels. The findings revealed a U-shaped pattern for L2 preposition error averages across both score bands and L2 proficiency scores. Frequencies of L2 prepositions and error correction patterns indicated that multiple sources contribute to the emergence of these errors, including but not limited to frequency. Further analyses of ungrammatical sentences with prepositional errors provided strong evidence of L1 influence across different essay score bands.
Using a Speech Corpus to Raise Phonemic Awareness Among L2 English Speakers
Authors: Öztürk Ceren Yağmur
Published: February 2025

This chapter illustrates how an online speech corpus can be employed in educational contexts to enhance phonemic awareness, stimulate research curiosity, and facilitate data-driven learning. The study examines the production and substitution patterns of voiced and voiceless dental fricatives among native Turkish speakers of English, while investigating the influences of age of acquisition and length of residence. Phonemic substitution patterns were analyzed using speech samples from 24 speakers obtained from an online corpus. The findings indicate that native Turkish speakers primarily substitute [t] for /θ/ and [d] for /ð/, with occasional substitutions of [n] for the voiced fricative and [s] for the voiceless one. Participants experienced difficulties with /θ/ in consonant clusters but performed better with /ð/ when it occurred between vowels. The results suggest that early language acquisition and extended residence do not consistently lead to native-like production. Additionally, an analysis of voice onset times was conducted to further evaluate the nature of these substitutions.
It's High Time
Authors: Kumcu Alper
Published: February 2025

Time is understood through multiple metaphorical domains. However, languages are not uniform in their metaphorical conventions, making data-driven studies of understudied languages such as Turkish crucial. To this end, the present corpus-based study examines time metaphors in colloquial and poetic Turkish, extracted from a general-purpose corpus and a poetry corpus, developed as a part of the present study. I systematically classified the time metaphors into eight metaphorical domains and mapped their relationships to each other, and statistically analyzed their dominance based on frequencies along with qualitative interpretations. The results showed that “time is an object” is the most dominant metaphor in colloquial Turkish, while “time is a living organism” is the most dominant metaphor in poetic Turkish. The “organism” domain accounted for the largest difference between the corpora and the metaphoricity of time was stronger in the poetry corpus.
Gender-Sensitive Language in Foreign Language Education
Authors: Dabbene Chiara
Published: February 2025

Growing attention has recently been devoted to gender equality and inclusivity in foreign language education, as emphasized by international guidelines. While many studies have addressed gender stereotyping and male firstness in textbooks, the impact of gender-biased language use, particularly in non-English target languages, remains underexplored. This chapter presents a frequency-based analysis of gender-sensitive language in two Italian as a Foreign Language (IFL) textbook series at A1 and A2 levels, examining strategies such as neutralization, splitting, and regendering across different textbook sections and CEFR levels. Results indicate that gender-sensitive language use is generally limited and inconsistent, with neutralization strategies most frequently employed and greater inclusivity observed in more recent textbooks. These findings lay the foundation for future research on the employment of gender-sensitive strategies in foreign language textbooks with the broader aim of identifying best practices to promote gender equality in future educational materials.
Evaluation of Tribological Performance of TiN Films Doped with Copper Deposited by Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Ribeiro Suzana Noronha Ferreira , Pereira Felipe Muniz do Amaral , Gonçalves Rodolfo Luiz Prazeres , Monezi Carlos Alberto , Couto Antonio Augusto , Grigorov Kornely Grigoriev , Massi Marcos
Published: February 2025

Since their early investigations, TiN coatings have sparked considerable interest because of their remarkable mechanical properties, especially their prominent hardness (30–60 GPa) and oxidation resistance. They are mainly used to harden and protect cutting or sliding tools and occasionally for decoration. Small quantities of different ligands, including Ni, Cu, or Co, are added to improve the smooth performance of cutting tools. These alloying elements lead to the formation of nanocomposites, potentially altering their mechanical characteristics and imparting notable flexibility. In this context, this study focuses on the production of pure TiN and Cu-doped TiN thin films. Magnetron sputtering was used as a deposition technique, simultaneously sputtering Ti and Cu-targets, both with high purity (99.99%), and in a gas mixture of Ar and N2. X-ray diffraction, SEM, profilometry, nanohardness, and scratch test analyses were employed to characterize the TiN and TiN/Cu films. The results reveal that 3–4% of Cu content led to a slight decrease in hardness, while surface adhesion increased with the addition of copper. Furthermore, the elasticity of the doped films improved the strength and wear resistance of coatings with Cu compared to TiN films without added Cu.
Niobium Solubility in Austenite in the Presence of Niobium Carbides, Nitrides and Carbonitrides
Authors: Mei Paulo Roberto
Published: February 2025

Niobium is added to carbon steels in small amounts (< 0.1weight %), thus being called a microalloying element, to increase mechanical strength and toughness. When added to steel, niobium is partly soluble in the matrix and another part combines with carbon and nitrogen forming a family of NbxCyNz precipitates (niobium carbides, nitrides or carbonitrides), where the values ​​of x, y, z depend on the temperature and the chemical composition of the steel. The solubility equations for niobium in austenite available in the literature only provide the niobium content that could be solubilized at a given temperature. But when niobium is added above the solubility limit, the excess niobium will not only form the NbxCyNz family of precipitates. This is what the proposed model calculates. The proposed model is easy to apply and provided results are very close to those determined experimentally by different researchers, who used different techniques such as atom probe, or matrix dissolution with precipitate filtration, for example. Although the proposed model has been used to calculate niobium in solution in austenite, the same can be applied to any other precipitate, such as carbides, nitrides or carbonitrides of vanadium and titanium, for example.
Ti-5Mo-xNb Alloys Obtained by Laser Deposition with Potential Use as Biomaterials
Authors: Emilio Romualdo , Lustosa Cícero Junior Rodrigues , Almeida Amélia , Florêncio Odila
Published: February 2025

Titanium and its alloys could have good biocompatibility, suitable levels of strength, fracture toughness, fatigue resistance and low elastic modulus, which are requirements for metallic materials used as biomaterials. Implants of commercially available Ti alloys show excessive levels of stiffness that cause stress shielding and often lead to bone resorption and failure. For better biomechanical performance, it is necessary to redesign biomaterials with lower elastic modulus. Alloying Ti with β-stabilizing elements (Ta, Mo, Nb) allows obtaining alloys with Young´s modulus closer to that of bone (10-30 GPa), minimizing the tendency for stress shielding and bone resorption. A combinatorial method, based on variable composition laser deposition, has been used for synthesizing alloys with a gradient of composition along a single clad track and scanning for the most interesting compositions. This study reports results on laser synthesis of alloys in the Ti-5Mo-xNb system, in search for compositions with microstructure and properties optimized for use as biomaterials. The alloys were then characterized in composition and microstructure by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The mechanical properties were assessed using depth-sensing ultramicroindentation tests. Their microstructures consist of the orthorhombic α’ phase with martensitic morphology, and untransformed β. The alloys indentation hardness increased with the Nb content from 2.79 ± 0.02 GPa to 3.7 ± 0.8 GPa, due to solid solution strengthening. The same trend was observed in the elastic moduli that increased from 38.8 ± 8.1 GPa to 76 ± 13 GPa, and in addition the H/E ratio was greater than 0.04 for all samples which indicates good wear resistance. Despite being dual phase (α’+β) all compositions present elastic modulus that are considerably lower than those of commercial Ti alloys currently used (above 100 GPa).
An Investigation of Pedestrian Dynamics Based on Fluid Mechanics Dimensionless Numbers
Authors: Miguel Antonio Ferreira
Published: February 2025

The study of pedestrian dynamics, both individually and in groups, has been a highly active field for the last few decades. Dimensionless numbers in fluid dynamics are used to characterize flow patterns, identify the dominant forces, and predict results. Here, we argue that these dimensionless numbers can be also relevant to obtaining basic features of pedestrian dynamics. In this study, pedestrians moving freely and in an environment with other pedestrians are analyzed using dimensionless numbers. The development of a comfortable walking speed, the range of velocities that characterize walking and running forms of human gait, and the impact of pedestrian density on pedestrian speed are all investigated. Another important feature studied is the self-organization of a group of individuals, which is a vital concept in understanding crowd dynamics. Crowd dynamics and the interactions with other pedestrians are also investigated.
[Return to work: “Endpoint” of rehabilitation and occupational medicine intervention in stroke outcomes. The state of the art]
Authors: Panigazzi Monica , Caltagirone Carlo
Published: February 2025

Cerebrovascular diseases, in particular stroke, are historically known as diseases that mainly affect the elderly, which is why "Return to work" (RTW) is considered an outcome index only in a few studies. However, the increased incidence of stroke in individuals of working age, coupled with the phenomena of increased survival and retirement age occurring in today's society, lead to a reconsideration of RTW as an important endpoint of recovery after stroke. Especially in the last twenty years, rehabilitation scenarios have evolved towards a multidisciplinary vision focused on the effectiveness of rehabilitation interventions, also with respect to the "Health related-Quality of life" (HRQoL), and towards greater scientific rigor in therapeutic choices (extended also to the new "IoT" Technologies), with an interest in standardized measures effectively linked to functional improvement. On the basis of a complete review of the literature, we want to expose here the fundamental factors associated with post-stroke RTW, with a view to recapitulating the acquired and stabilized results that influence the joint approach between occupational medicine and rehabilitation.
[Disability and work: summary of policy evolution, from the UN Convention to European Union Strategies]
Authors: Persechino Benedetta , Fortuna Grazia , Dentici Maria Cristina , Valenti Antonio , Iavicoli Sergio
Published: February 2025

Over the last decades the concept of disability has undergone a radical evolution: from a "status" recipient of passive and welfare policies it evolved to a "social relationship" model based on individual factors and environmental conditions. As a consequence, the strategies of supranational and international organizations have also evolved, embracing the changes that have occurred in the cultural and scientific paradigms relating to this issue. This study aims to explain a summary of the regulations and documents produced, in particular in the European Union (EU), to support the protection and social participation of disabled people, based on the three fundamental elements: the guarantee of individual rights to eliminate discrimination, the elimination of environmental barriers, the promotion of an active inclusion of people with disabilities. Specifically, the EU has developed over time valid strategies based on the cultural and regulatory framework validated by the UN Convention on the rights of people with disabilities. The recent European Strategy for the Rights of Persons with Disabilities 2021-2030 represents an opportunity to contribute to a real inclusion of people with disabilities in all contexts, including the workplace, in order to guarantee good health and safety conditions.
[The instrumental assessment of visuomotor coordination of stroke patients after neurorehabilitation]
Authors: Iosa Marco , Capodaglio Edda , Persechino Benedetta , Pelà Silvia , Ghambari Ghooshchy Sheida , Tramontano Marco , Morone Giovanni , Paolucci Stefano , De Angelis Domenico Antonio , Panigazzi Monica
Published: February 2025

Instumented movement analysis allows to obtain quantitative and hence objective data about the mobility and the visuomotor coordination of patients with stroke. It also provides the possibility to predict the outcome of neurorehabilitation even in terms of identification of patients able to return to work. The wide amount of data provided by instrumental movement analysis could be an opportunity on one hand, but also required a great computational effort on the other hand. The development of artificial neural network could help clinicians in managing these data. In this study we analysed the visuomotor coordination of 16 patients with stroke and 18 age-matched healthy subjects during a task separately performed by each upper limb and assessing the asymmetry index for each one of the parameters extracted by an inertial measurement unit placed on the dorsal part of the hand. The artificial neural network showed an accuracy of 94.1% in identifying the subjects able to work. The combined used of light wearable sensors developed for human movement analysis and artificial neural networks could provide an accurate prognosis of the possibility to return to work of patients with stroke after neurorehabilitation and probably also of the monitoring of working activities in terms of ergonomics.
[Evaluation of reintegration into employment in people with stroke outcomes: a scoping review]
Authors: Savona Andrea , Princi Alessandro Antonio , Giuliani Silvia , Tramontano Marco
Published: February 2025

After a stroke, many people experience sensorimotor impairments that disrupt the cognitive and motor performance. Brain damage such as stroke can result in some disorders that may have significant implications in performance of normal daily activities. The mean age of stroke onset has decreased, with an increment of the incidence of stroke in patients under 55 years old. Furthermore, stroke is one of the main causes of long-term disability in the world that involves difficulties in reintegrating into social and working life. This scoping review aimed to determine the elements that facilitate the return to work (RTW) in patients with stroke. A literature search was conducted using the keywords "return to work" and "stroke" on electronic database (MEDLINE/Pubmed, Scopus and Google Scholar). After excluding articles based on inclusion and exclusion criteria 9 articles were reviewed. Young age, high levels of education, male sex, stroke severity, office or self-managed jobs, were identified as predictors for RTW. Fatigue, anxiety, depression, loss of memory and concentration, sense of insecurity, have been found as factors that hinder the RTW. Findings suggest the importance of demographic and social factors and employment status as potential elements for successful RTW. Furthermore, an early and tailored neurorehabilitation path that integrates new technologies and workplace interventions can be fundamental to acquire greater autonomy, favoring a successful RTW.
[Neuromotor rehabilitation with “sonification” techniques]
Authors: Raglio Alfredo , Molteni Daniele , Imbriani Chiara , Panigazzi Monica
Published: February 2025

The use of sound and music in the rehabilitation context is now supported by a lot of scientific evidence. The reiteration of tasks-oriented movements to functional recovery, typical of the rehabilitation training, can be effectively supported by adequate sonorous-music stimuli. This integration aims at introducing an audio-motor feedback, describing and modulating the movement. In addition, the sonorous-music stimuli induce potential plastic changes and stimulates brain networks underlying to the mechanisms of reward and motivation, improving the patient's involvement and compliance in the rehabilitation activities. In particular, the Neurologic Music Therapy (NMT) provided interesting results based on different techniques that use sonorous-music elements to achieve objectives related to motor, cognitive and sensory domains.The sonification arises as a technique designed to represent kinetic data (obtained by the use of sensors) through appropriate sonorous-music patterns (processed by a sound synthesis software) with the aim of improving the control of the movement from its planning to its execution, also improving the proprioceptive feedback. In a recent study involving stroke patients in a sub-acute stage, the use of the "SonicHand" kit was positively evaluated not only in the rehabilitation of upper limbs motor functions, but also in the quality-of-life improvement and in perceiving pain during rehabilitation. On this basis, a new research project ("Sonic Walk") has been developed based on the use of sonification techniques and aimed at gait rehabilitation in patients with stroke, Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis.
Uveal Metastasis
Authors: Swaify Islam Y. , Noureldine Alia M. , Tolba Doaa A. , Hassanein Dina H. , Macky Tamer A. , El-Helw Mostafa A. , Hamza Hany
Published: February 2025

Historically, uveal metastasis was thought to be a rare entity; however, recently with improved patient survival, advances in the medical care of cancer patients, and spreading awareness, an increasing number of patients with uveal metastasis are being diagnosed. Uveal metastasis is now considered the most common intraocular malignancy with ocular involvement in 8%–10% of patients with metastatic disease. Early detection and treatment may help avoid significant visual loss and improve quality of life. Moreover, a multidisciplinary approach is crucial in formulating the treatment plan, the recent years have witnessed marked advancement in the management of such patients with marked improvement in outcomes and patient survival. In this review article, we are going to outline the clinical features of uveal metastasis, the diagnostic approach, and different management options.
Negative Beliefs in Emerging Adults with Childhood Trauma Experiences
Authors: Arora Anusha , Gupta Aarzoo , Sidana Ajeet
Published: February 2025

Objective:

The nature of one’s attachment with one’s primary caregivers shapes the internal working models of adaptive or maladaptive types of attachment with others as well as one’s attitudes toward oneself and others. Emotional abuse (EA) was considered one such disconnection in attachment and recognized as the most damaging traumatic experience that may impact one’s sense of self both cognitively, and affectively, therefore determining long-term serving coping style.

Materials and Methods:

The study aimed to explore the impact of EA in emerging adults approached through respondent-driven sampling. The Internet-based data collection design was deployed using e-consent, and data were collected using Google Forms from social media platforms such as WhatsApp, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, etc., The tools used were the General Health Questionnaire-28, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-25, Negative Core Beliefs Inventory, and Defense Style Questionnaire-40.

Results:

EA showed a significant positive correlation with psychopathology (somatic symptoms, anxiety, insomnia, and depression) and a negative correlation with social functioning. There were no significant differences between males and females on the assessment measures.

Conclusions:

EA is detrimental to any individual regardless of one’s contributing to negative beliefs about oneself and others, therefore increasing the likelihood of the use of neurotic defenses to cope.
Emotional Expression and Mental Health: Decoding Color and Drawing Styles with Python and OpenCV
Authors: Weng Hui-Ching , Julvanichpong Tanida , Jaidee Patchana , Piboon Kanchana , Inchai Puangtong , Imcha Longchar , Huang Liang-Yun , Huang Pi-Chun
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

Despite advancements in understanding color-emotion correlations, the influence of mental health on this relationship is less studied. Our research explores how mental health impacts emotional expression through color and depiction style.

Methods:

Engaging 212 students, we collected 1272 digital drawings representing six primary emotions: anger, fear, sadness, calm, excitement, and happiness. Our study, conducted from November to December 2023, utilized a cross-sectional design. Participants were recruited through convenience sampling. We collected both survey responses and participant-generated images. Using Python and OpenCV, we quantified subjective emotional expressions.

Results:

Participants predominantly chose red for anger (57.43%), illustrating the red usage percentage for anger, black for fear (38.14%), gray and blue for sadness (27.86%, 27.83%), green for calm (25.73%), and red for both excitement (27.26%) and happiness (22.85%). Fear was the most frequent color fill at 31.58%, with anger the least at 24.95%. Tangible imagery was prevalent (88%–96.2%), while abstract styles were most common in fear depictions (12%). Emotion significantly influences color choices (P = 0.017~<0.001), color number (P < 0.001), and image coverage (P = 0.003). Drawing style comparisons across three mental health levels showed minimal yet significant usage differences: black for fear (P = 0.037), color variability (P = 0.027), and purple for calm (P = 0.012). Despite these differences, mental health did not significantly moderate the relationships between color use and drawing styles.

Conclusion:

Our study advanced color-emotion research by letting participants select colors, highlighting minimal mental health impacts on emotional expression and consistent associations across cultures and ages. Using Python and OpenCV to quantify qualitative images has greatly increased analysis objectivity, substantially progressing the field.
Fournier’s Gangrene: A 4-year retrospective study in a tertiary academic hospital
Authors: Prawoto Almas Nur , Saputro Iswinarno Doso , Hariani Lynda , Dewantara Andreas Arkhipus
Published: February 2025

Background: Fournier’s gangrene (FG) is a necrotizing fasciitis disease that affects the genital, perianal, and perineal regions. This study investigated the demography and treatment methods of patients with FG in a 4-year period in our hospital. Methods: Medical records of 14 patients with Fournier’s gangrene who underwent treatment were analyzed retrospectively. Data on the patients were collected such as gender, age, length of stay (LOS), comorbidities, wound treatment, bacteriological cultures, and reconstructive procedures. Results: There was no significant correlation between age (p = 0.776), comorbid disease (p = 0.954), LOS or age (p = 0.221), comorbid disease (p = 0.928), and patient outcome. Wound treatment using negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) was performed in 14% of the patients. Wound treatment had a statistically significant effect toward LOS (p = 0.044). Flaps were the most common reconstructive procedure (71.4%) followed by skin grafts (14%). Age and comorbid disease did not have an effect toward hospital LOS or patient outcome. The use of NPWT is likely related to the increased complexity of the lesion. Flaps provided a reliable method of reconstruction for patients. Conclusion: Patients who were treated with NPWT had a longer LOS compared to other methods.
Determinants of oral hygiene status among selected pregnant women in Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: OPEODU Olanrewaju I. , OSUH Mary E. , AROWOJOLU Modupeola O.
Published: February 2025

Background: Skipping daily oral hygiene procedures will predispose one to plaque and calculus accumulation, thus resulting in poor oral hygiene. This should not be the case during pregnancy, except for some reported cases of women who do not follow thorough oral hygiene to avoid stimulating vomiting, especially during the first trimester.
Objective: To assess some factors that influence oral hygiene status among selected pregnant women
Methodology: Three hundred and forty-five pregnant women were assessed for their oral hygiene status during their third trimester. The same procedure was carried out three and a half months after childbirth. Possible contributory factors such as socioeconomic factors, rate of dental service utilization and frequency of daily toothbrushing were assessed using a questionnaire. The oral hygiene of respondents was assessed using the simplified oral hygiene index. The index was compared before and after childbirth using students t-test and statistical significance was inferred at p<0.05. 
Results: The majority of the respondents brush their teeth once daily (81.2%) and were in the low socioeconomic class (68.4%) with about a third being prima gravid (33.0%), but only a few (10.7%) have ever visited a dentist before. There was an improvement in the simplified oral hygiene index following childbirth, which was statistically significant.
Conclusion: Though the majority of the contributory factors that were assessed in this study did not seem to significantly influence oral hygiene status during pregnancy, women of childbearing age still need to be adequately enlightened concerning the need to optimize their oral hygiene.
A review of artificial intelligence tools for the management of cleaning and tracking in Photovoltaic systems
Authors: Boussiri A. , Kadi Y. A. E.
Published: February 2025

Solar Photovoltaic System (SPV) is a rapidly expanding renewable energy source integrated into national power grids and off-grid systems worldwide. Therefore, the effective management of power systems and the energy industry needs accurate solar energy forecasting, ranging from short-term predictions of a few seconds to longer-term forecasts up to one week in advance. Hence it is well recognized that the presence of dust particles on the surface of photovoltaic (PV) modules substantially influences their overall performance. Subsequently, the resultant decrease in energy generation significantly impacts the financial earnings. A range of methodologies have been used to address the limitations associated with solar radiation forecasting. The use of machine learning (ML) algorithms provides a range of techniques for predicting solar radiation. Additionally, integrating artificial intelligence (AI) and ML may collectively enhance the optimization of cleaning intervals for photovoltaic (PV) modules. In the same manner, the development of a sun tracking algorithm aims to accurately determine the location of the sun in order to optimize the reception of solar energy. This article aims to critically review the current research on maintenance and tracking strategies for PV panels while presenting a novel application of AI and ML algorithms. Finally, this review presents a comprehensive analysis comparing traditional approaches with AI techniques to demonstrate the significant mpact of AI algorithms in PV systems.
Optimization of silver ion concentration into the lattice of zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized via a hydrothermal approach
Authors: Ojegu E. O. , Daniel-Umeri R. A. , Nwaokorongwu E. C. , Alghamdi Nawal , Ikhioya I. L.
Published: February 2025

The exceptional properties of Ag-doped ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) make them highly promising for applications in environmental remediation and optoelectronics. However, the limited tunability of ZnO’s bandgap and its suboptimal performance in doping applications necessitates material modifications. In this study, a hydrothermal method was used to synthesize ZnO and Ag-doped ZnO (NPs). The study optimized the silver molar concentration to between 0.01 to 0.03 mol and characterized the nanoparticles for their optical, structural, and surface micrograph using different characterization techniques. As the wavelength increases from 300 to 1100 nm, nanoparticles show a decrease in absorbance. In both spectral regions, ZnO doped with 0.1 mol of Ag exhibited the highest absorbance, while ZnO doped with 0.2 mol of Ag showed the lowest absorbance. The energy bandgap of ZnO was measured at 2.19 eV, which deviates from the theoretical bandgap of ZnO at 3.3 eV. Introducing silver into the ZnO leads to changes in the band structure because of the creation of additional energy levels while the introduction of silver doping into ZnO lattice leads to a decrease in the bandgap energy to 1.50, 1.39, and 1.29 eV. These enabled electron transitions at lower energy levels because of the formation of defect states or interaction with ZnO. The XRD patterns of zinc oxide and Agdoped ZnO NPs reflect their hexagonal structure. The material showed a diffraction peak at (101) when measured at a 2θ angle of 44.863o. The hexagonal phase displayed distinct diffraction peaks at specific 2θ angles. Within the FTIR spectrum, Zn-O stretching vibrations are typically shown by distinct absorption bands, usually ranging from 400 to 750 cm-1. Introducing silver doping results in the emergence of new vibrational modes and a shift in existing peaks which indicate changes in the local environment around the ZnO lattice. These findings demonstrate that silver doping significantly enhances the optical and structural properties of ZnO an indication of its suitability for applications in advanced technologies requiring tunable bandgap and improved performance.
Assessment of bacterial contamination of irrigated vegetables cultivated along the Kubanni irrigation site in Zaria, Nigeria
Authors: Abdulkadir Jabir , Jibrin Abdullahi , Ibrahim Mukhtar , Abdulkareem Jabir Haruna
Published: February 2025

Bacterial contamination of vegetables becomes a significant health challenge. This study identified and categorized bacterial contaminants in vegetables cultivated along the Kubanni irrigation area in order to inform consumers about their safety and quality. Aerobic Colony Count, Gram Stain and Biochemical test was conducted on five vegetables which include cabbage, lettuce, spinach, onion and tomatoes. Samples were obtained from 25 farmlands within the study area. A total of 175 samples of vegetables, soil and irrigation water were analyzed. Result shows that all the vegetables were contaminated with bacteria above the WHO limits of 102. Spinach, cabbage, lettuce, onion and tomatoes recorded 5.1 x 106, 5.7 x 106, 5.2 x 106, 4.8 x 106, and 4.6 x 106 respectively. Cabbage had the highest ACC while tomatoes had the lowest. ACC for the Kubanni River is 4.7 x 106 against the WHO limit of <500. Soil recorded highest ACC (6.1 x 106) than irrigation water (4.7 x 106). Correlation analysis shows that bacteria in all the vegetables and that of soils are positively related except lettuce and tomatoes. It also shows a positive relationship between bacteria in irrigation water and all vegetables except onion and tomatoes. Bacillus is the most prevalence gram positive bacteria with 57 (45%) while Citrobacter and salmonella are the most prevalent gram negative bacteria in vegetables with 38 (30.4%) and 28%. Vegetables should be properly cleaned before consumption.
Adsorptive kinetic mechanisms of bromocresol green dye removal from wastewater using modified groundnut shell adsorbent
Authors: Sangoremi Abidemi Anthony , Adeyeye Joseph Adeleke , Isaac Isaac Udo
Published: February 2025

This study explores the production and application of modified groundnut shell (MGNS) adsorbent to remove Bromocresol Green Dye (BCGD) from wastewater as an alternative to cost intensive wastewater treatment technologies. The adsorbent was characterized for physicochemical properties, and by employing Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometers (EDX) as characterization tools respectively. The effects of contact time on the percentage of dye recovery were evaluated. The kinetic data were fitted to kinetic models such as Brouers Weron Sotolongo-Coasta (BWS), Fractal Pseudo-second-order (FPSO), Pseudo-First-Order (PFO), Pseudo-second-order (PSO) models using a non-linear form of the equations. The results revealed that the biomass has a pH (6.60), moisture content (14.20) %, volatile matter, (10.20) %, Ash content (8.10) %, fixed carbon (65.50) %, bulk density (0.440) g/cm3, surface area (690) m2/g and particle size (250) μm. The adsorbent possesses high carbon content and a well-developed pore structure. The adsorbent percentage dye removal efficiency (% R) was time-dependent (30 min). The adsorbent has maximum percentage dye removal of 84% at the optimum time. The kinetic data that best described the removal of BCGD from wastewater was BWS (R2 = 0.9644). Overall, the prepared adsorbent from MGNS was efficient, eco-friendly and economically viable in treating dye polluted wastewater, ensuring regulatory compliance and facilitating water reuse.
Modified Laplace-variational iteration method for solving linear and nonlinear Volterra integro-differential equations
Authors: Emagbeweta Endurance , Apanapudor Joshua S.
Published: February 2025

This study presents a modified Laplace-variational iteration method (MLVIM) designed to solve linear and nonlinear Volterra integro-differential equations (VIDEs) with specified initial conditions. The MLVIM is a hybrid approach that integrates the strengths of the Laplace transform and the variation iteration method (VIM), effectively enhancing the overall solution process by improving both the efficiency and convergence rate. Specifically, the method refines the correction functional and optimizes the handling of the integral term, which directly leads to a reduction in the number of iterations needed and decreases the associated computational complexity. To demonstrate the effectiveness of MLVIM, the study applies it to two illustrative examples involving both linear and nonlinear VIDEs, with initial conditions. The results are then compared to those obtained using the Adomian decomposition method (ADM) and the fourth-order Runge-Kutta (RK4) algorithm. The findings show that MLVIM consistently exhibits a faster convergence rate and higher accuracy compared to both ADM and RK4 in all the examples presented. The MLVIM can be applied to a broad range of linear and nonlinear VIDEs. This makes it a valuable tool with potential applications in various scientific and engineering fields, where integro-differential equations frequently arise in modeling complex systems and processes.
Bioinformatics-driven analysis and antibiotic resistance profiling of Enterobacter species isolated from acne lesions
Authors: Nosa A.A. , Okanlawon T.S. , Onyijen O.H. , Iyafokhia I.U. , Ekozin A.A. , Isola S.E. , Omojoyegbe R.T.
Published: February 2025

This study characterised Enterobacter sp. isolated from individuals with acne, focusing on their biochemical, antibiotic resistance, and molecular profiles. Using standard morphological, biochemical, and molecular methods, the isolates exhibited typical Enterobacter traits, including rod-shaped morphology and positive to catalase and oxidase reactions. The isolates were highly resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics, particularly ampicillin (85%) and ceftazidime (76.7%); while susceptibility to ciprofloxacin remained high (87.3%). Molecular identification using 16S rRNA sequencing, confirmed two isolates as Enterobacter hormaechei. Phylogenetic analysis of the isolates using MEGA software indicated a close relationship with clinical strains, suggesting clinical reservoirs of resistant bacteria. RAST subsystem analysis revealed the presence of multiple resistance genes, including those for beta-lactamases (CTX-M, OXA, AmpC) and fluoroquinolone resistance (gyrA, parC). These findings highlight the multidrug-resistant nature of Enterobacter hormaechei, emphasizing their role in the spread of antimicrobial resistance in the clinical settings and underscoring the need for ongoing surveillance and management.
Physicochemical and sensory properties of locally produced digestive biscuit from two varieties of wheat (Triticum spp)
Authors: Petrol B.B. , Hashim H. , Abubakar F.Y. , Modu S.
Published: February 2025

Digestive biscuits were produced from two varieties of wheat grain (Reyna-28 and Norman). The grains were processed into whole wheat flour at 100% (g) each with commercial digestive biscuit (Mcvities digestive biscuit) used as control and analyzed for physical properties, functional properties, mineral composition and sensory evaluation using standard methods. Other ingredients such as; margarine, egg, milk, baking powder, and sugar were added. Data obtained were analyzed using Analysis of variance (ANOVA) using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Results showed that the digestive biscuits gave good physical properties in terms of weight, height, diameter, thickness and spread ratio. Functional properties ranged from 0.59-0.72g/m3 for bulk density, Sample B2 exhibited the highest bulk density (0.72), 30.32-34.31g/g for water absorption capacity, with B2 having the highest value (34.31), 4.95-10.12% solubility index. The sodium, potassium, iron and zinc content ranged from 60.23±4.93-71.21±6.18, 91.55±6.00-96.00±5.16, 2.46±0.05-6.74±0.02, 1.43±0.03-2.34±0.05mg/100g respectively. Digestive biscuit from sample B2 had the highest mineral composition. The digestive biscuits produced gave good physical properties in terms of weight, height, diameter, thickness and spread ratio. Sensory properties revealed that there were no significant differences in color, odor, texture, taste between digestive biscuits produced from processed 100% Reyna-28 wheat flour (B2) and the commercial control. In conclusion, digestive biscuits from sample B2 was most preferred than digestive biscuits produced from sample B1, B3 and B4 and was comparable to the commercial control.
Hope amid despair: Pathways to resilience and renewal
Authors: Ejiogu Eugenia Ijeoma
Published: February 2025

The article examines the multifaceted interplay between hope and despair, highlighting their profound impact on individual and collective well-being. Through an in-depth analysis of the psychological, emotional, and societal dimensions of despair, it emphasises the pivotal role of hope as a transformative response to adversity. The article outlines strategies for fostering hope on both individual and collective levels, addressing the challenges posed by cynicism, fear, and nihilism. It underscores the importance of resilience as a critical factor in overcoming despair and achieving positive change. Through inspiring case studies and a discussion of effective interventions, the paper emphasizes the transformative power of hope in shaping individuals and communities. By advocating for a culture of hope, the article calls for a collective commitment to building a more compassionate, equitable, and resilient world.
Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and depressive symptoms in an urban community college population
Authors: Tavolaro-Ryley Laureen , Juratovac Evanne , Waite Roberta , Morris Diana Lynn
Published: February 2025

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), including family dysfunction, abuse, neglect, and community- instigated stress (Urban ACEs), are linked to negative health outcomes. This study examined self-reported trauma and depressive symptoms among urban community college students in the USA, using a descriptive correlational design with a convenience sample. Trauma was assessed through both conventional ACEs and Urban ACEs, and depressive symptoms were measured using the PHQ-9. Results indicated significant trauma (ACE μ = 3.59, Urban ACE μ = 2.15) and depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 μ = 9.30). Demographic analysis showed that students identifying as gender “other” and those of Hispanic ethnicity exhibited heightened vulnerability to trauma. The addition of childhood trauma to the inherent challenges faced by urban community college students creates an excess burden. Therefore, assessment of childhood trauma and the provision of psychosocial resources are critical to promoting the success and well-being of these students.
Retoryczny wydźwięk wybranych koncepcji filozofii śmierci i jego pocieszająca rola
Authors: Pucko Zygmunt
Published: February 2025

Śmierć w życiu człowieka zdarza się tylko raz i nieodwracalnie niszczy jego istnienie. Jest „czymś”, co występuje powszechnie, a mimo to pozostaje nieuchwytna poznawczo. Wobec niej rozum ludzki jest zupełnie bezradny. Niemniej pomimo swej słabości nieustannie próbuje rozszyfrować jej zagadkę. Dlatego filozofowie niestrudzenie formułują rozmaite poglądy na temat śmierci i usiłują na własny sposób dowieść swych racji. Do uprawomocnienia stawianych tez stosują niekiedy sylogizm. Częściej jednak sięgają po środki retoryczne. Największą popularnością cieszą się wśród nich: oryginalny język, perswazja, figury retoryczne, sofizmaty, oratorskie popisy. Żadna z przywołanych w szkicu koncepcji śmierci nie została przez ich autorów udowodniona i nie legitymuje się nawet statusem prawdopodobieństwa. Wszystkie jawią się jako abstrakcyjne konstrukty, którym bliżej do retoryki niż filozofii. Z poznawczego punktu widzenia nie dają one żadnej wiedzy o śmierci, ale mają pewien walor terapeutyczny, bo silnie poruszają wyobraźnię, organizują emocje i wpływają na umysł. Dostarczają człowiekowi teoretycznych systemów odniesienia, porządkują podstawowe kategorie egzystencjalne, nadają sens sprawom ostatecznym i wskazują na celowość przemijania. Paradoksalnie, owe modele mogą stać się dla ludzi bezpiecznym schronieniem przed grozą śmierci i udzielić im wsparcia psychicznego. Wbrew swej nierealności uzyskują w wymiarze psychicznym status niby-ontologiczny i traktowane są jako szczególna postać bytu, która powoduje trwałe skutki w obszarze świadomości oraz w sferze behawioralnej.
Nutritional Intakes of People With Spinal Cord Injury Who Have Pressure Injuries in Hospital: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Nevin Amy N. , Dwyer Kathleen , Atresh Sridhar S. , Vivanti Angela , Hickman Ingrid J. , Banks Merrilyn
Published: February 2025

Background:

People living with spinal cord injury (SCI) have one of the highest rates of pressure injury prevalence globally, yet the nutrition-related characteristics of this group are inadequately described.

Objectives:

This secondary analysis aimed to explore the nutritional status, dietary intakes, and healing outcomes of people with SCI who have pressure injuries in hospital.

Methods:

Participant demographics, pressure injury-related information, anthropometry, nutritional status (subjective global assessment), and nutrition interventions were recorded. Assessments of energy and protein intake (24-hour dietary recalls), comparison with evidence-based guideline recommendations, and pressure injury healing (surface area measurements) were collected weekly until one of these occurred: complete healing, hospital discharge, surgical repair, or day 28. Factors associated with overall healing were explored using Mann-Whitney U tests.

Results:

Twenty-six people (mean age, 51 ± 14 years; 81% male) were included. Most were well nourished (77%), receiving dietetic input (85%), and on high-protein, high-energy diets (92%). Between 50% and 90% were exceeding energy and protein recommendations at all time points, and there was a weak negative correlation between energy intake and healing (r = -0.430, P = .036). Reduced healing was observed among participants with severe pressure injuries (stage 4 or unstageable, size >5 cm2, >1 pressure injury present) and in those exceeding energy and protein recommendations (P < .05).

Conclusion:

People with SCI who have coexisting pressure injuries are at risk of excess intake that may be detrimental for pressure injury healing. Future studies examining the nutritional requirements of this population and the impact of both under- and overnutrition are critically needed to guide clinical care.
Breastfeeding After Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review of Prevalence and Associated Complications
Authors: Krassioukov Andrei , Lee Amanda H.X. , Elliott Stacy , Thorson Teri , Agon-Chen Nathan , Naicker Gavin , Querée Matthew , Eng Janice ,   SCIRE Team
Published: February 2025

Background:

Breastfeeding can be a vital component for maternal and infant health, but successful breastfeeding may be especially difficult for mothers with spinal cord injury (SCI). No reliable research on prevalence or complications associated with breastfeeding for mothers with SCI currently exists.

Methods:

Our systematic review aimed to answer the following: (1) What are the breastfeeding rates in women after SCI? (2) What are the rates and nature of postpartum complications reported by women with SCI in conjunction with breastfeeding?

Results:

Ten studies were included; the reported rates at which women with SCI were able to breastfeed varied widely, ranging from 11% to 100%. Generally speaking, women with higher-level SCI (above T6) were less likely to breastfeed and would breastfeed less frequently than women with lower-level SCI and less frequently than women without SCI. Complications reported included problems with the let-down reflex, autonomic dysreflexia, and a higher incidence of postpartum depression in women with SCI.

Conclusion:

More research on mothers with SCI is needed, especially matched-control research comparing mothers with and without SCI on successful breastfeeding and associated complications.
História da Farmácia: do surgimento da espécie humana ao fim da Antiguidade Clássica
Authors: GALLETTO RICARDO
Published: February 2025

Desde o surgimento da espécie humana, o homem procurana natureza elementos que possam ser utilizados como medicamento.Mas isto ocorreu de maneira lenta e gradativa, reconhecendo ao longodos milênios o que era medicamento ou veneno. Há milênios, o homemutilizava medicamentos não como o ponto principal da cura de uma dadapatologia, mas sim um complemento aos rituais mágico-religiososrealizados pelos bruxos-feiticeiros. Com o passar dos séculos, muitospovos deixaram de lado a crença da cura pelo bruxo-feiticeiro (medicinapré-técnica) para acreditar que o equilíbrio de humores no organismo éque era responsável pelas discrasias (período técnico). Assim surgiu ocientificismo grego-romano, com nomes importantes das artes médicofarmcêuticascomo Hipócrates, Celso, Dioscórdes e Galeno. A históriada farmácia se confunde, em seu estágio inicial, com o surgimento edesenvolvimento da própria humanidade.