bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Periostin Expression and Its Prognostic Value for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Li Zewu , Zhang Xin , Yang Yongmei , Yang Sanhui , Dong Zhaogang , Du Lutao , Wang Lili , Wang Chuanxin
Published: May 2015

Integrin is important for cell growth, invasion and metastasis, which are frequently observed in malignant tumors. The periostin (POSTN) gene encodes the ligand for integrin, one of the key focal adhesion proteins contributing to the formation of a structural link between the extracellular matrix and integrins. High expression levels of the POSTN gene are correlated with numerous human malignancies. We examined POSTN protein in colorectal cancer specimens from 115 patients by strictly following up using immunohistochemistry. Cytoplasm immunohistochemical staining showed POSTN protein expression in colorectal cancers. The positive expression rate of POSTN protein (59.13%, 68/115) in colorectal cancers was significantly higher than that in adjacent normal colon mucosa (0.47%, 11/109). POSTN over-expression in colorectal cancers was positively correlated with tumor size, differentiation, lymph node metastasis, serosal invasion, clinical stage and five-year survival rates. Further analysis showed that patients with advanced stage colorectal cancer and high POSTN expression levels had lower survival rates than those with early stage colorectal cancer and low POSTN expression levels. Overall, our results showed that POSTN played an important role in the progression of colorectal cancers.
Anti-Adhesive Activity of Cranberry Phenolic Compounds and Their Microbial-Derived Metabolites against Uropathogenic Escherichia coli in Bladder Epithelial Cell Cultures
Authors: González de Llano Dolores , Esteban-Fernández Adelaida , Sánchez-Patán Fernando , Martínlvarez Pedro , Moreno-Arribas Mª , Bartolomé Begoña
Published: May 2015

Cranberry consumption has shown prophylactic effects against urinary tract infections (UTI), although the mechanisms involved are not completely understood. In this paper, cranberry phenolic compounds and their potential microbial-derived metabolites (such as simple phenols and benzoic, phenylacetic and phenylpropionic acids) were tested for their capacity to inhibit the adherence of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) ATCC®53503™ to T24 epithelial bladder cells. Catechol, benzoic acid, vanillic acid, phenylacetic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid showed anti-adhesive activity against UPEC in a concentration-dependent manner from 100–500 µM, whereas procyanidin A2, widely reported as an inhibitor of UPEC adherence on uroepithelium, was only statistically significant (p < 0.05) at 500 µM (51.3% inhibition). The results proved for the first time the anti-adhesive activity of some cranberry-derived phenolic metabolites against UPEC in vitro, suggesting that their presence in the urine could reduce bacterial colonization and progression of UTI.
Structure Determination of Au on Pt(111) Surface: LEED, STM and DFT Study
Authors: Krupski Katarzyna , Moors Marco , Jóźwik Paweł , Kobiela Tomasz , Krupski Aleksander
Published: May 2015

Low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been used to investigate the atomic and electronic structure of gold deposited (between 0.8 and 1.0 monolayer) on the Pt(111) face in ultrahigh vacuum at room temperature. The analysis of LEED and STM measurements indicates two-dimensional growth of the first Au monolayer. Change of the measured surface lattice constant equal to 2.80 Å after Au adsorption was not observed. Based on DFT, the distance between the nearest atoms in the case of bare Pt(111) and Au/Pt(111) surface is equal to 2.83 Å, which gives 1% difference in comparison with STM values. The first and second interlayer spacing of the clean Pt(111) surface are expanded by +0.87% and contracted by −0.43%, respectively. The adsorption energy of the Au atom on the Pt(111) surface is dependent on the adsorption position, and there is a preference for a hollow fcc site. For the Au/Pt(111) surface, the top interlayer spacing is expanded by +2.16% with respect to the ideal bulk value. Changes in the electronic properties of the Au/Pt(111) system below the Fermi level connected to the interaction of Au atoms with Pt(111) surface are observed.
The Composites of Graphene Oxide with Metal or Semimetal Nanoparticles and Their Effect on Pathogenic Microorganisms
Authors: Richtera Lukas , Chudobova Dagmar , Cihalova Kristyna , Kremplova Monika , Milosavljevic Vedran , Kopel Pavel , Blazkova Iva , Hynek David , Adam Vojtech , Kizek Rene
Published: May 2015

The present experiment describes a synthesis process of composites based on graphene oxide, which was tested as a carrier for composites of metal- or metalloid-based nanoparticles (Cu, Zn, Mn, Ag, AgP, Se) and subsequently examined as an antimicrobial agent for some bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). The composites were first applied at a concentration of 300 µM on all types of model organisms and their effect was observed by spectrophotometric analysis, which showed a decrease in absorbance values in comparison with the control, untreated strain. The most pronounced inhibition (87.4%) of S. aureus growth was observed after the application of graphene oxide composite with selenium nanoparticles compared to control. Moreover, the application of the composite with silver and silver phosphate nanoparticles showed the decrease of 68.8% and 56.8%, respectively. For all the tested composites, the observed antimicrobial effect was found in the range of 26% to 87.4%. Interestingly, the effects of the composites with selenium nanoparticles significantly differed in Gram-positive (G+) and Gram-negative (G−) bacteria. The effects of composites on bacterial cultures of S. aureus and MRSA, the representatives of G+ bacteria, increased with increasing concentrations. On the other hand, the effects of the same composites on G− bacteria E. coli was observed only in the highest applied concentration.
Production of Chondroitin Sulphate from Head, Skeleton and Fins of Scyliorhinus canicula By-Products by Combination of Enzymatic, Chemical Precipitation and Ultrafiltration Methodologies
Authors: Blanco María , Fraguas Javier , Sotelo Carmen , Pérez-Martín Ricardo , Vázquez José
Published: May 2015

This study illustrates the optimisation of the experimental conditions of three sequential steps for chondroitin sulphate (CS) recovery from three cartilaginous materials of Scyliorhinus canicula by-products. Optimum conditions of temperature and pH were first obtained for alcalase proteolysis of head cartilage (58 °C/pH 8.5/0.1% (v/w)/10 h of hydrolysis). Then, similar optimal conditions were observed for skeletons and fin materials. Enzymatic hydrolysates were subsequently treated with a combination of alkaline hydroalcoholic saline solutions in order to improve the protein hydrolysis and the selective precipitation of CS. Ranges of 0.53–0.64 M (NaOH) and 1.14–1.20 volumes (EtOH) were the levels for optimal chemical treatment depending on the cartilage origin. Finally, selective purification and concentration of CS and protein elimination of samples obtained from chemical treatment, was assessed by a combination of ultrafiltration and diafiltration (UF-DF) techniques at 30 kDa.
Seaweed Hydrocolloid Production: An Update on Enzyme Assisted Extraction and Modification Technologies
Authors: Rhein-Knudsen Nanna , Ale Marcel , Meyer Anne
Published: May 2015

Agar, alginate, and carrageenans are high-value seaweed hydrocolloids, which are used as gelation and thickening agents in different food, pharmaceutical, and biotechnological applications. The annual global production of these hydrocolloids has recently reached 100,000 tons with a gross market value just above US$ 1.1 billion. The techno-functional properties of the seaweed polysaccharides depend strictly on their unique structural make-up, notably degree and position of sulfation and presence of anhydro-bridges. Classical extraction techniques include hot alkali treatments, but recent research has shown promising results with enzymes. Current methods mainly involve use of commercially available enzyme mixtures developed for terrestrial plant material processing. Application of seaweed polysaccharide targeted enzymes allows for selective extraction at mild conditions as well as tailor-made modifications of the hydrocolloids to obtain specific functionalities. This review provides an update of the detailed structural features of κ-, ι-, λ-carrageenans, agars, and alginate, and a thorough discussion of enzyme assisted extraction and processing techniques for these hydrocolloids.
Myrothecols G and H, Two New Analogues of the Marine-Derived Quinone Sesquiterpene Penicilliumin A
Authors: Fu Ying , Wu Ping , Xue Jinghua , Li Hanxiang , Wei Xiaoyi
Published: May 2015

Two new quinone sesquiterpenes named myrothecols G and H (1 and 2), a pair of C-1′ diastereomers of 13-hydroxyl penicilliumin A, were isolated from the mycelia solid cultures of Myrothecium sp. SC0265. Their structures, including the absolute configurations, were established on the basis of the spectroscopic data combining with the theoretical conformational analysis. The cytotoxic activities of 1 and 2 were tested against a panel of human tumor cell lines.
Construction of Escherichia coli Mutant with Decreased Endotoxic Activity by Modifying Lipid A Structure
Authors: Liu Qiong , Li Yanyan , Zhao Xinxin , Yang Xue , Liu Qing , Kong Qingke
Published: May 2015

Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) and its derivatives are widely used for the production of recombinant proteins, but these purified proteins are always contaminated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS is recognized by the toll-like receptor 4 and myeloid differentiation factor 2 complex of mammalian immune cells and leads to release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. It is a vital step to remove LPS from the proteins before use for therapeutic purpose. In this study, we constructed BL21 (DE3) ∆msbB28 ∆pagP38 mutant, which produces a penta-acylated LPS with reduced endotoxicity. The plasmids harboring pagL and/or lpxE were then introduced into this mutant to further modify the LPS. The new strain (S004) carrying plasmid pQK004 (pagL and lpxE) produced mono-phosphoryated tetra-acylated lipid A, which induces markedly less production of tumor necrosis factor-α in the RAW264.7 and IL-12 in the THP1, but still retains ability to produce recombinant proteins. This study provides a strategy to decrease endotoxic activity of recombinant proteins purified from E. coli BL21 backgrounds and a feasible approach to modify lipid A structure for alternative purposes such as mono-phosphoryl lipid A (MPL) as vaccine adjuvants.
Synthesis of S-Layer Conjugates and Evaluation of Their Modifiability as a Tool for the Functionalization and Patterning of Technical Surfaces
Authors: Weinert Ulrike , Pollmann Katrin , Barkleit Astrid , Vogel Manja , Günther Tobias , Raff Johannes
Published: May 2015

Chemical functional groups of surface layer (S-layer) proteins were chemically modified in order to evaluate the potential of S-layer proteins for the introduction of functional molecules. S-layer proteins are structure proteins that self-assemble into regular arrays on surfaces. One general feature of S-layer proteins is their high amount of carboxylic and amino groups. These groups are potential targets for linking functional molecules, thus producing reactive surfaces. In this work, these groups were conjugated with the amino acid tryptophan. In another approach, SH-groups were chemically inserted in order to extend the spectrum of modifiable groups. The amount of modifiable carboxylic groups was further evaluated by potentiometric titration in order to evaluate the potential efficiency of S-layer proteins to work as matrix for bioconjugations. The results proved that S-layer proteins can work as effective matrices for the conjugation of different molecules. The advantage of using chemical modification methods over genetic methods lies in its versatile usage enabling the attachment of biomolecules, as well as fluorescent dyes and inorganic molecules. Together with their self-assembling properties, S-layer proteins are suitable as targets for bioconjugates, thus enabling a nanostructuring and bio-functionalization of surfaces, which can be used for different applications like biosensors, filter materials, or (bio)catalytic surfaces.
Development of a UK Online 24-h Dietary Assessment Tool: myfood24
Authors: Carter Michelle , Albar Salwa , Morris Michelle , Mulla Umme , Hancock Neil , Evans Charlotte , Alwan Nisreen , Greenwood Darren , Hardie Laura , Frost Gary , Wark Petra , Cade Janet
Published: May 2015

Assessment of diet in large epidemiological studies can be costly and time consuming. An automated dietary assessment system could potentially reduce researcher burden by automatically coding food records. myfood24 (Measure Your Food on One Day) an online 24-h dietary assessment tool (with the flexibility to be used for multiple 24 h-dietary recalls or as a food diary), has been developed for use in the UK population. Development of myfood24 was a multi-stage process. Focus groups conducted with three age groups, adolescents (11–18 years) (n = 28), adults (19–64 years) (n = 24) and older adults (≥65 years) (n = 5) informed the development of the tool, and usability testing was conducted with beta (adolescents n = 14, adults n = 8, older adults n = 1) and live (adolescents n = 70, adults n = 20, older adults n = 4) versions. Median system usability scale (SUS) scores (measured on a scale of 0–100) in adolescents and adults were marginal for the beta version (adolescents median SUS = 66, interquartile range (IQR) = 20; adults median SUS = 68, IQR = 40) and good for the live version (adolescents median SUS = 73, IQR = 22; adults median SUS = 80, IQR = 25). Myfood24 is the first online 24-h dietary recall tool for use with different age groups in the UK. Usability testing indicates that myfood24 is suitable for use in UK adolescents and adults.
Changes in the Sodium Content of New Zealand Processed Foods: 2003–2013
Authors: Monro David , Mhurchu Cliona , Jiang Yannan , Gorton Delvina , Eyles Helen
Published: May 2015

Decreasing population sodium intake has been identified as a “best buy” for reducing non-communicable disease. The aim of this study was to explore 10-year changes in the sodium content of New Zealand processed foods. Nutrient data for nine key food groups were collected in supermarkets in 2003 (n = 323) and 2013 (n = 885). Mean (SD) and median (min, max) sodium content were calculated by food group, year and label type (private/branded). Paired t-tests explored changes in sodium content for all products available for sale in both years (matched; n = 182). The mean (SD) sodium content of all foods was 436 (263) mg (100 g)−1 in 2003 and 433 (304) mg (100 g)−1 in 2013, with no significant difference in matched products over time (mean (SD) difference, −56 (122) mg (100 g)−1, 12%; p = 0.22). The largest percentage reductions in sodium (for matched products) were observed for Breakfast Cereals (28%; −123 (125) mg (100 g)−1), Canned Spaghetti (15%; −76 (111) mg (100 g)−1) and Bread (14%; −68 (69) mg (100 g)−1). The reduction in sodium was greater for matched private vs. branded foods (−69 vs. −50 mg (100 g)−1, both p < 0.001). There has been modest progress with sodium reduction in some New Zealand food categories over the past 10 years. A renewed focus across the whole food supply is needed if New Zealand is to meet its global commitment to reducing population sodium intake.
RETRACTED: Review on Valve Stiction. Part I: From Modeling to Smart Diagnosis
Authors: Di Capaci Riccardo , Scali Claudio
Published: May 2015

Valve stiction is indicated as one of the main problems affecting control loop performance and then product quality. Therefore, it is important to detect this phenomenon as early as possible, distinguish it from other causes, and suggest the correct action to the operator in order to fix it. It is also very desirable to give an estimate of stiction amount, in order to be able to follow its evolution in time to allow the scheduling of valve maintenance or different operations, if necessary. This paper, in two parts, is a review of the state of the art about the phenomenon of stiction from its basic characterization to smart diagnosis, including modeling, detection techniques, quantification, compensation and a description of commercial software packages. In particular, Part I of the study analyzes the most significant works appearing in the recent literature, pointing out analogies and differences among various techniques, showing more appealing features and possible points of weakness. The review also includes an illustration of the main features of performance monitoring systems proposed by major software houses. Finally, the paper gives indications on future research trends and potential advantages for loop diagnosis when additional measurements are available, as in newly designed plants with valve positioners and smart instrumentation. In Part II, performance of some well-established methods for stiction quantification are compared by applications to different industrial datasets.
Impedance of the Grape Berry Cuticle as a Novel Phenotypic Trait to Estimate Resistance to Botrytis Cinerea
Authors: Herzog Katja , Wind Rolf , Töpfer Reinhard
Published: May 2015

Warm and moist weather conditions during berry ripening provoke Botrytis cinerea (B. cinerea) causing notable bunch rot on susceptible grapevines with the effect of reduced yield and wine quality. Resistance donors of genetic loci to increase B. cinerea resistance are widely unknown. Promising traits of resistance are represented by physical features like the thickness and permeability of the grape berry cuticle. Sensor-based phenotyping methods or genetic markers are rare for such traits. In the present study, the simple-to-handle I-sensor was developed. The sensor enables the fast and reliable measurement of electrical impedance of the grape berry cuticles and its epicuticular waxes (CW). Statistical experiments revealed highly significant correlations between relative impedance of CW and the resistance of grapevines to B. cinerea. Thus, the relative impedance Zrel of CW was identified as the most important phenotypic factor with regard to the prediction of grapevine resistance to B. cinerea. An ordinal logistic regression analysis revealed a R2McFadden of 0.37 and confirmed the application of Zrel of CW for the prediction of bunch infection and in this way as novel phenotyping trait. Applying the I-sensor, a preliminary QTL region was identified indicating that the novel phenotypic trait is as well a valuable tool for genetic analyses.
Target Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks Using Online Semi-Supervised Support Vector Regression
Authors: Yoo Jaehyun , Kim H.
Published: May 2015

Machine learning has been successfully used for target localization in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) due to its accurate and robust estimation against highly nonlinear and noisy sensor measurement. For efficient and adaptive learning, this paper introduces online semi-supervised support vector regression (OSS-SVR). The first advantage of the proposed algorithm is that, based on semi-supervised learning framework, it can reduce the requirement on the amount of the labeled training data, maintaining accurate estimation. Second, with an extension to online learning, the proposed OSS-SVR automatically tracks changes of the system to be learned, such as varied noise characteristics. We compare the proposed algorithm with semi-supervised manifold learning, an online Gaussian process and online semi-supervised colocalization. The algorithms are evaluated for estimating the unknown location of a mobile robot in a WSN. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is more accurate under the smaller amount of labeled training data and is robust to varying noise. Moreover, the suggested algorithm performs fast computation, maintaining the best localization performance in comparison with the other methods.
Radon in Groundwater of the Northeastern Gran Canaria Aquifer
Authors: Alonso Héctor , Cruz-Fuentes Tatiana , Rubiano Jesús , González-Guerra Jonay , Cabrera María , Arnedo Miguel , Tejera Alicia , Rodríguez-Gonzalez Alejandro , Pérez-Torrado Francisco , Martel Pablo
Published: May 2015

222Rn has been detected in 28 groundwater samples from the northeast of Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, Spain) utilizing a closed loop system consisting of an AlphaGUARD monitor that measures radon activity concentration in the air by means of an ionization chamber, and an AquaKIT set that transfers dissolved radon in the water samples to the air within the circuit. Radon concentration in the water samples studied varies between 0.3 and 76.9 Bq/L. Spanish radiological protection regulations limit the concentration of 222Rn for drinking water to 100 Bq/L, therefore the values obtained for all the analyzed samples are below this threshold. The hydrogeological study reveals a significant correspondence between the radon activity concentration and the material characteristics of the aquifer. For a selected group of samples with high radon concentrations, gross alpha activity has been determined to have values higher than the prescriptive screening level (0.1 Bq/L).
Spatio-Temporal Variations and Source Apportionment of Water Pollution in Danjiangkou Reservoir Basin, Central China
Authors: Chen Pan , Li Lan , Zhang Hongbin
Published: May 2015

Understanding the spatio-temporal variation and the potential source of water pollution could greatly improve our knowledge of human impacts on the environment. In this work, data of 11 water quality indices were collected during 2012–2014 at 10 monitoring sites in the mainstream and major tributaries of the Danjiangkou Reservoir Basin, Central China. The fuzzy comprehensive assessment (FCA), the cluster analysis (CA) and the discriminant analysis (DA) were used to assess the water pollution status and analyze its spatio-temporal variation. Ten sites were classified by the high pollution (HP) region and the low pollution (LP) region, while 12 months were divided into the wet season and the dry season. It was found that the HP region was mainly in the small tributaries with small drainage areas and low average annual discharges, and it was also found that most of these rivers went through urban areas with industrial and domestic sewages input into the water body. Principal component analysis/factor analysis (PCA/FA) was applied to reveal potential pollution sources, whereas absolute principal component score-multiple linear regression (APCS-MLR) was used to identify their contributions to each water quality variable. The study area was found as being generally affected by industrial and domestic sewage. Furthermore, the HP region was polluted by chemical industries, and the LP region was influenced by agricultural and livestock sewage.
Serum‐free culture alters the quantity and protein composition of neuroblastoma‐derived extracellular vesicles
Authors: Li Jinghuan , Lee Yi , Johansson Henrik J. , Mäger Imre , Vader Pieter , Nordin Joel Z. , Wiklander Oscar P. B. , Lehtiö Janne , Wood Matthew J. A. , Andaloussi Samir EL
Published: May 2015

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a significant role in cell–cell communication in numerous physiological processes and pathological conditions, and offer promise as novel biomarkers and therapeutic agents for genetic diseases. Many recent studies have described different molecular mechanisms that contribute to EV biogenesis and release from cells. However, little is known about how external stimuli such as cell culture conditions can affect the quantity and content of EVs. While N2a neuroblastoma cells cultured in serum‐free (OptiMEM) conditions did not result in EVs with significant biophysical or size differences compared with cells cultured in serum‐containing (pre‐spun) conditions, the quantity of isolated EVs was greatly increased. Moreover, the expression levels of certain vesicular proteins (e.g. small GTPases, G‐protein complexes, mRNA processing proteins and splicing factors), some of which were previously reported to be involved in EV biogenesis, were found to be differentially expressed in EVs under different culture conditions. These data, therefore, contribute to the understanding of how extracellular factors and intracellular molecular pathways affect the composition and release of EVs.
Analyse de la relation soignant-bébé et du deuil des soignants en néonatologie
Authors: Fontaine Emilie , Wendland Jaqueline
Published: May 2015

En soins pédiatriques, la relation du soignant à l’enfant oscille souvent entre le souhait d’une proximité chaleureuse et le maintien d’une distance professionnelle nécessaire. Ce travail de recherche s’est intéressé à la relation soignant-bébé prématuré et aux impacts des décès périnataux sur ces professionnels. L’objectif était de comprendre les modalités de mise en place d’une relation privilégiée et de sa terminaison lors du décès du nouveau-né. Onze professionnelles, âgées de 23 à 46 ans, exerçant dans un service de néonatologie de type 3, ont été interrogées en utilisant une méthode qualitative. Les résultats mettent en évidence l’ambivalence de ces relations privilégiées, les mécanismes de défense et les stratégies d’ajustement mis en place par les professionnelles pour y faire face. Ce constat est en lien avec la question de l’idéal professionnel, dont l’élaboration et le remaniement s’avèrent essentiels dans le contexte de deuils répétés.
Investigating Internationally Educated Taiwanese Nurses’ Training and Communication Experiences in the United States
Authors: Ho Ya-Yu Cloudia
Published: May 2015

Background:

The study objective was to construct an understanding of how educational training affected the cross-cultural communication experiences of five internationally educated Taiwanese nurses in the United States.

Method:

Data collection included focus group interviews, individual interviews, and background information surveys. A combination of narrative and thematic analysis was used to analyze data.

Results:

Findings showed that the five participants believed their education and training did not prepare them well in U.S. health care communication. The training content lacked essential language needs and cultural knowledge of patient backgrounds, hospital subcultures, hospital policies, and nursing routines. In addition, clinical shadowing was limited in improving international nurses’ English communication ability and building cultural competence.

Conclusion:

Internationally educated nurses require specialized language and nursing assessment and comprehensive on-the-job training to work in U.S. clinical settings. This study benefited the VisaScreen and U.S. hospitals toward filling the training gaps of language and culture for international nurses. It also contributed to the understanding of both Teaching English for Speakers of Other Language researchers and nurse educators about the complexity of cross-cultural clinical communication.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2015;46(5):218–227.
Leadership and Brilliant Mistakes
Authors: Bleich Michael R.
Published: May 2015

Professional development educators work fervently to model best practices and appropriate ways of being successful within health care organizations. However, mistakes are made and happen at every level and are part of organizational life. Innovation requires risk, and risk means that mistakes will happen. The anatomy of the mistake is presented and, when appropriate, celebrated.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2015;46(5):203–204.
The Role of Psychopathic and Antisocial Personality Traits in Violence Risk Assessment: Implications for Forensic Practice
Authors: Brook Michael
Published: May 2015

Courts in the United States rely on mental health professionals to assess and predict potential violence in individuals with mental illness during all stages of the jurisprudence process, including criminal sentencing, civil commitment, and release from confinement. For the mental health professional, the task essentially translates into using expertise to generate a time-limited estimate of violence risk. Psychopathy, in general, and the antisocial, impulsive, and irresponsible features of this disorder, in particular, have emerged as the strongest predictors of future violence. Still, there are a number of practical and diagnostic factors that limit the application of these concepts to the courtroom. This article discusses issues pertaining to the assessment and diagnosis of psychopathic and antisocial personality traits, reviews research evidence bearing on predictive validity of these traits in violence risk assessment, and outlines practical suggestions pertinent to forensic practice.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2015;45(4):175–180.]
Childhood Precursors to Psychopathy
Authors: Sadhu Julie
Published: May 2015

Because psychopathy is associated with a more sinister course of antisocial behavior among criminal offenders, identifying childhood precursors of psychopathy has been a significant interest of research. Conduct disorder has been identified as a risk factor for later antisocial behavior in adulthood, but conduct disorder is a heterogenous disorder that affects children with widely divergent outcomes. Children with callous-unemotional traits have been identified as a subgroup that seems to be of a higher likelihood of demonstrating psychopathy in adulthood. Significant neurocognitive, neurobiological, behavioral, and neuroanatomic differences have been found between children with conduct disorder who have callous-unemotional traits and those who do not. These differences between the two groups also extend to differences in patterns of treatment response as well.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2015;45(4):181–185.]
Epidemiology, Comorbidity, and Behavioral Genetics of Antisocial Personality Disorder and Psychopathy
Authors: Werner Kimberly B. , Few Lauren R. , Bucholz Kathleen K.
Published: May 2015

Psychopathy is theorized as a disorder of personality and affective deficits, and an Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) diagnosis is primarily behaviorally based. Although ASPD and psychopathy are similar and are highly comorbid with each other, they are not synonymous. ASPD has been well studied in community samples with estimates of its lifetime prevalence ranging from 1% to 4% of the general population. In contrast, psychopathy is almost exclusively investigated within criminal populations so that its prevalence in the general population has been inferred by psychopathic traits rather than a disorder (1%). Differences in etiology and comorbidity with each other and other psychiatric disorders are also evident. This article briefly reviews the epidemiology, etiology, and comorbidity of ASPD and psychopathy, focusing predominately on research completed in community and clinical populations. The authors aim to highlight ASPD and psychopathy as related, but distinct disorders.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2015;45(4):195–199.]
One More Shot for the Road: A Review and Update of Vaccinations for Pediatric International Travelers
Authors: Rebaza Andre , Lee Paul J.
Published: May 2015

Increasing numbers of children are traveling to developing countries where they are often at a higher risk than adults of acquiring vaccine-preventable diseases. Yet, they are less likely to receive pretravel medical advice and preventive care. This article reviews the current recommendations for pediatric travel immunizations, including specific travel vaccines such as typhoid, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis virus, and rabies as well as prospective vaccines for significant global diseases like malaria, dengue, chikungunya, and Ebola.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2015;44(4):e89–e96.]
Baccalaureate Nursing Students’ Knowledge of and Attitudes Toward Older Adults
Authors: Mattos Meghan K. , Jiang Yun , Seaman Jennifer B. , Nilsen Marci L. , Chasens Eileen R. , Novosel Lorraine M.
Published: May 2015

Preparing nurses to care for a growing population of older adults is one of the most significant challenges for nursing education. The purpose of the current study was to describe baccalaureate nursing students’ knowledge of and attitudes toward older adults, and explore the impact of a gerontological nursing course on their knowledge and attitudes. Results showed that students who had prior experience with older adults had significantly more positive attitudes toward them. Although students who participated in a gerontological nursing course had significantly higher knowledge scores than the comparison group, no significant difierence was noted in overall attitude. In addition, students who were enrolled in the gerontological nursing course or had prior experience with older adults were more likely to report plans to work with this population after graduation. Students who participated in interviews with older adults found the experience meaningful and their attitudes regarding older adults were largely positive. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing
,
41
(7), 46–56.]
Dysplasia Epiphysealis Hemimelica (Trevor Disease) of the Ankle
Authors: Nowicki Philip D. , Borders Heather
Published: May 2015

An 11-year-old boy presented with a 2-year history of left ankle pain and abnormal gait, worsened with sports activities such as football and wrestling.
Arthroscopic T-capsulotomy for Excision of Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis in the Hip
Authors: McCormick Frank , Alpaugh Kyle , Haughom Bryan , Nho Shane
Published: May 2015

Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a benign synovial tumor of unknown etiology with a predilection for the large joints of the appendicular skeleton. The poor prognosis for patients with hip disease is partially imparted by current surgical techniques. Recent advances in hip arthroscopy technique and instrumentation may enable arthroscopic treatment for PVNS in the hip. The authors report the first case where hip arthroscopy was used to surgically excise a biopsy-confirmed local PVNS lesion in the hip. Using selected capsular releases and accessory portals, the authors achieved adequate visualization and instrument mobilization to successfully excise the entire PVNS tumor with no identifiable complications. [
Orthopedics.
2015; 38(4):237–239.]
Ultra-Low-Dose Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 for 3-Level Anterior Cervical Diskectomy and Fusion
Authors: Pourtaheri Sina , Hwang Ki , Faloon Michael , Issa Kimona , Mease Samuel J. , Mangels Daniel , Sinha Kumar , Emami Arash
Published: May 2015

This study evaluated the safety of 3-level anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion (ACDF) with ultra-low-dose recombinant bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2). Thirty-seven consecutive patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy who were treated with 3-level ACDF and rhBMP-2 were evaluated. Complications such as airway or cervical swelling or hematoma were not observed. The rate of dysphagia was no different at 1, 2, and 6 months postoperatively compared with reports in the literature without rhBMP-2. There were significant improvements in VAS neck/arm pain, Oswestry Neck Disability Index, and cervical lordosis. The use of ultra-low-dose rhBMP-2 for 3-level ACDF may be efficacious for surgically addressing 3-level spondylotic myelopathy. [
Orthopedics.
2015; 38(4):241–245.]
Treatment of Hip Subluxation in Skeletally Mature Patients With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Oetgen Matthew E. , Ayyala Haripriya , Martin Benjamin D.
Published: May 2015

Hip subluxation is common in children with spastic cerebral palsy. Most physicians favor intervention to treat hip subluxation in skeletally immature patients with cerebral palsy. However, treatment in skeletally mature patients with cerebral palsy is controversial. The goal of this study was to evaluate radiographic and clinical outcomes after hip reconstruction in skeletally mature patients with cerebral palsy. The authors performed a retrospective review of all skeletally mature patients (n=20) with cerebral palsy who underwent hip surgery for subluxation at the authors’ institution between 2005 and 2011. Charts were reviewed for demographic characteristics, procedure, follow-up, and complications. Acetabular index, migration index, and neck-shaft angle were measured on preoperative and most recent radiographs. Average follow-up was 2.2 years. Average migration index for the entire group improved from 57% to 20% (
P
<.0001). Of patients who had all radiographic abnormalities addressed at surgery (varus derotational femoral osteotomy for neck-shaft angle >135°, open reduction for migration index >50%, and acetabular osteotomy for acetabular index >25°), 91% had a final migration index of less than 25%. In patients who did not have all radiographic abnormalities addressed, 33% had a migration index of less than 25% at final follow-up. No intraoperative complications occurred; however, 13 patients had at least 1 postoperative complication. Hip subluxation in skeletally mature patients with cerebral palsy is difficult to treat and is associated with a high incidence of complications. The likelihood of a successful outcome appears to be related to the appropriateness of the surgical procedure. When all radiographic abnormalities were addressed during surgery, a successful radiographic outcome at final follow-up was much more likely than when intervention was less comprehensive. [
Orthopedics
. 2015; 38(4):e248–e252.]
Complications in the Treatment of Adolescent Clavicle Fractures
Authors: Luo T. David , Ashraf Ali , Larson A. Noelle , Stans Anthony A. , Shaughnessy William J. , McIntosh Amy L.
Published: May 2015

This study evaluated the complications associated with the treatment of clavicle fractures in adolescents. All cases of clavicle fractures were identified during an 8-year period between January 2005 and January 2013. During the study period, 153 clavicle fractures occurred in patients between the ages of 14 and 17 years who were treated at the authors’ center. Medical records and radiographs were reviewed to determine injury mechanism, fracture pattern, treatment, and complications. Injury severity was assessed as high, medium, and low. Patients with medial or distal metaphyseal fractures and intra-articular fractures were excluded. Of the 153 clavicle fractures, 23 (15.0%) were treated surgically. Compared with the fractures treated nonsurgically, the surgical fractures had greater shortening (mean, 2.0 vs 0.9 cm;
P
<.001) and were more likely to be comminuted (65.2% vs 23.1%;
P
<.001). Complications occurred in 21.7% of fractures treated surgically, including refracture (n=2), implant removal for prominence (n=2), and nonunion with implant failure (n=1). One complication was associated with intramedullary nailing, whereas the other 4 complications occurred in clavicles treated with plate fixation. In the non-surgical group, no patients sustained a refracture or malunion who required delayed surgical intervention. Pediatric fellowship-trained orthopedic surgeons treated 78 displaced fractures, resulting in 8 (10.3%) surgeries. Nonpediatric orthopedic specialists treated 46 displaced fractures, 15 (32.6%) of which were treated surgically (
P
=.0035). [
Orthopedics
. 2015; 38(4):e287–e291.]
Clinical Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Revision Rotator Cuff Repair With Extracellular Matrix Augmentation
Authors: Sears Benjamin W. , Choo Andrew , Yu Anthony , Greis Ari , Lazarus Mark
Published: May 2015

Outcomes following revision surgery for failed rotator cuff repairs are far less predictable than and are associated with decreased patient satisfaction compared with primary repairs. Extracellular matrix augmentation (ECM) may improve the biologic potential for healing during revision repair. The authors examined clinical outcomes and healing rates based on postoperative imaging of patients who underwent revision open rotator cuff repair with an ECM patch for symptomatic recurrent rotator cuff tear. Twenty-four (77%) of 31 patients with a mean follow-up of 50 months (range, 30–112 months) completed post-revision surgery outcome questionnaires at a mean of 5.3 years after revision surgery, and 16 patients (67%) underwent a physical examination and repeat imaging (ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging) at a mean of 4.2 years after revision surgery. Ten (63%) of those 16 patients were found to have failed revision rotator cuff repair on imaging, with American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) outcome measures that were significantly (
P
=.04) better in patients with confirmed intact repairs than those with confirmed failed revision repair. Outcome measures for all patients (n=24) included a mean ASES score of 67.2 (SD, 27.9) and a mean Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE) score of 66.9 (SD, 26.0). Based on these scores, excellent results were achieved in 24% of patients, good in 13%, fair in 21%, and poor in 42%. Results of this investigation demonstrated that augmentation of revision rotator cuff repair with an ECM patch through an open approach showed no significant improvement in outcomes when compared to historical reports without augmentation. [
Orthopedics
. 2015; 38(4):e292–e296.]
Fifty Most-Cited Articles in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Research
Authors: Voleti Pramod B. , Tjoumakaris Fotios P. , Rotmil Gayle , Freedman Kevin B.
Published: May 2015

The number of times an article has been cited in the peer-reviewed literature is indicative of its impact on its respective medical specialty. No study has used citation analysis to determine the most influential studies pertaining to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). The primary aims of this study were to identify the classic works in ACL research using citation analysis and to characterize these articles to determine which types of studies have had the most influence on the field. A systematic query of ISI Web of Science (Thomson Reuters, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) was performed for articles pertaining to the ACL, and the 50 most-cited articles were selected for evaluation. The following characteristics were determined for each article: number of citations, citation density, journal, publication year, country of origin, language, article type, article subtype, and level of evidence. The number of citations ranged from 219 to 1073 (mean, 326), and the citation densities ranged from 4.9 to 55.6 citations per year (mean, 18.2). All articles were published in 1 of 11 journals, with the most being published in
The American Journal of Sports Medicine
(46%) and
The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery American
(30%). The most common decades of publication were the 1990s (34%), 1980s (28%), and 2000s (26%). The majority (68%) of articles originated from the United States, and all were written in English. By article type, 42% were basic science, and 58% were clinical. Of the clinical articles, 3% were Level I, 17% were Level II, 28% were Level III, and 52% were Level IV. The articles were heterogeneous with regard to article type, article subtype, and level of evidence and tended to have the following characteristics: high-impact journal of publication, recent publication year, US origin, English language, and low level of evidence. These works represent some of the most popular scientific contributions to ACL research. This list may aid residency and fellowship programs in the compilation of articles for trainee reading curriculums. [
Orthopedics.
2015; 38(4):e297–e304.]
Minimally Invasive Reconstruction of Acute Type IV and Type V Acromioclavicular Separations
Authors: Katsenis Dimitris L. , Stamoulis Dimitris , Begkas Dimitris , Tsamados Stamatis
Published: May 2015

The goal of this study was to evaluate the midterm radiologic, clinical, and functional results of the early reconstruction of the severe acromioclavicular joint dislocation using the flipptack fixation button technique. Between December 2006 and December 2009, one hundred thirty-five consecutive patients with acromioclavicular joint separations were admitted to the authors’ institution. Fifty patients were included in the study. According to Rockwood classification, 29 (58%) dislocations were type IV and 21 (42%) were type V. Surgery was performed at an average of 4.2 days (range, 0–12 days) after dislocation. All dislocations were treated with the flipptack fixation button technique. All patients were evaluated at a final postoperative follow-up of 42 months (range, 36–49 months). The clinical outcome was assessed using the Constant score. The functional limitation was assessed using the bother index of the short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment. Radiographs taken immediately postoperatively and at the final follow-up assessed acromioclavicular joint reduction, coracoclavicular distance, and joint arthrosis. At the final follow-up, mean Constant score was 93.04 (range, 84–100). The average (±SD) short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment bother index was 20.88±8.95 (range, 2.0–49). No statistically significant difference was found between the acromioclavicular joint dislocation type and the clinical result (
P
=.227; chi-square, 6.910, Kruskal Wallis test). The regression of the coracoclavicular distance at final follow-up was not statistically significant (
P
=.276; chi-square, 6.319, Kruskal Wallis test). The flipptack fixation button technique is an effective alternative for the treatment of severe acromioclavicular joint dislocation. Because all objectives of the treatment were obtained, the results do not deteriorate over time. [
Orthopedics.
2015; 38(4):e324–e330.]
Ultrasound-Assisted Percutaneous Needle Fasciotomy for Dupuytren’s Contracture
Authors: Sakellariou Vasileios I. , Brault Jeffrey , Rizzo Marco
Published: May 2015

Although percutaneous needle fasciotomy for Dupuytren’s contracture is a simple, inexpensive procedure, it is a blind procedure with risks including injury to nerves, arteries, and tendons. The authors describe a novel technique using ultrasound as an adjunct to percutaneous fasciotomy for Dupuytren’s contracture. Generally, patients have no postoperative restrictions other than to avoid submerging their hands for 48 hours. To date, the authors have noted, in 66 cases, no permanent complete nerve dysfunction following needle aponeurotomy using ultrasound assistance. Recurrence of the disease is the most common complication, occurring at a higher rate than with open procedures. Ultrasound mapping of the digital neurovascular structures can be successfully used as an adjunct to help prevent these neurovascular complications. [
Orthopedics.
2015; 38(5):299–303.]
Cartilage Lesions of the Patella: Management After Acute Patellar Dislocation
Authors: Metzler Adam V. , Lattermann Christian , Johnson Darren L.
Published: May 2015

Articular cartilage injuries to the patella are frequent after patellar dislocation. The management of these acute cartilage injuries in the acute setting can be challenging. It is well documented that acute fixation is the optimal choice for treatment of osteochondral injuries. This article discusses the challenges and potential treatment options for acute chondral/osteochondral injuries to the patella after acute patellar dislocation. [
Orthopedics.
2015; 38(5):310–314.]