bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Tree-based Ensembles for Anomaly Discovery: Insights, Batch and Streaming Active Learning
Authors: Das Shubhomoy , Islam Md Rakibul , Kannappan Jayakodi Nitthilan , Doppa Janardhan Rao
Published: May 2024

Anomaly detection (AD) task corresponds to identifying the true anomalies among a given set of data instances. AD algorithms score the data instances and produce a ranked list of candidate anomalies. The ranked list of anomalies is then analyzed by a human to discover the true anomalies. Ensemble of tree-based anomaly detectors trained in an unsupervised manner and scoring based on uniform weights for ensembles are shown to work well in practice. However, the manual process of analysis can be laborious for the human analyst when the number of false-positives is very high. Therefore, in many real-world AD applications including computer security and fraud prevention, the anomaly detector must be configurable by the human analyst to minimize the effort on false positives. One important way to configure the detector is by providing true labels (nominal or anomaly) for a few instances. Recent work on active anomaly discovery has shown that greedily querying the top-scoring instance and tuning the weights of ensembles based on label feedback allows us to quickly discover true anomalies.
This paper makes four main contributions to improve the state-of-the-art in anomaly discovery using tree-based ensembles. First, we provide an important insight that explains the practical successes of unsupervised tree-based ensembles and active learning based on greedy query selection strategy. We also show empirical results on real-world data to support our insights and theoretical analysis to support active learning. Second, we develop a novel batch active learning algorithm to improve the diversity of discovered anomalies based on a formalism called compact description to describe the discovered anomalies. Third, we develop a novel active learning algorithm to handle streaming data setting. We present a data drift detection algorithm that not only detects the drift robustly, but also allows us to take corrective actions to adapt the anomaly detector in a principled manner. Fourth, we present extensive experiments to evaluate our insights and our tree-based active anomaly discovery algorithms in both batch and streaming data settings. Our results show that active learning allows us to discover significantly more anomalies than state-of-the-art unsupervised baselines, our batch active learning algorithm discovers diverse anomalies, and our algorithms under the streaming-data setup are competitive with the batch setup.
Permeability of needle-punched nonwoven geotextiles subjected to uniaxial tensile strains
Authors: Li K. Y. , Tang X. W. , Fei M. L. , Chou J. , Chen X. L. , Xiang Q. Q. , Wang T. Q.
Published: May 2024

During their service life, needle-punched nonwoven geotextiles are frequently subjected to uniaxial tensile strains, which may impact their permeability behavior. The basic model of the permeability coefficient in nonwoven geotextiles was extended to the uniaxial tensile strain condition, considering the influence of the fiber orientation distribution. The model is expressed as a function of the tortuosity fractal dimension, pore size characteristics, fiber orientation, physical parameters, and tensile strain. To address errors in the results of traditional permeability tests attributed to the inhomogeneity and multiple layers of specimens, in situ X-ray computed tomography was used to acquire three-dimensional (3D) images of geotextiles during stretching. The 3D imaging technique was employed to extract the microstructure, facilitating fluid flow simulations for determining the permeability of two nonwoven geotextiles, thereby validating the theoretical method. The simulated permeability coefficient decreased slightly and then increased with increasing uniaxial tensile strain and the necking ratio. The theoretical permeability model exhibited a decreasing trend and then increases around 0.3% strain. The theoretical model accurately predicted the permeability and rate of change of geotextiles subjected to specific uniaxial tensile strains, thereby offering valuable insight into their effective utilization in various engineering applications.
Isolation of lysosomes using the Tagless LysoIP method in PBMCs v2
Authors: Saarela Daniel , Sammler Esther , R Alessi Dario , Tonelli Francesca
Published: May 2024

Molecular homeostasis in cells is regulated in part by protein degradation, which is facilitated by the proteasome and lysosomal proteolysis. Lysosomes are membrane bound organelles involved in the turnover of proteins, metabolites and lipids. Recent literature implicates lysosomal dysfunction to be a feature of many a disease, including neurodegenerative diseases. Focused investigation of lysosomal content (proteome/lipidome/metabolome) in disease states could lead to the discovery of novel therapeutics and disease mechanisms. Here we describe our method to isolate peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and perform rapid isolation of intact, tag-less lysosomes from PBMC homogenates using ball-bearing cell breakers and anti-TMEM192 -antibody coupled to magnetic beads. First, cells are broken with physical sheering force as the cell suspension passes through a narrow gap within the cell-breaker, leading to plasma membrane rupture but due to their small size, lysosomes remain intact (Figure 1). Then, the cell homogenate is incubated with the antibody-coupled magnetic beads to allow for rapid immunopurification of lysosomes by binding to the transmembrane protein of lysosomes TMEM192 (Figure 3). The purified lysosomes can be processed and analysed with a variety of techniques including immunoblotting analysis, proteomic/lipidomic/metabolomic tools, fluorescence-activated cell sorting and GCase activity assay. The immunopurification protocol is very fast, less than 15 minutes from start of the incubation with the beads to washed, pure lysosomes. The same protocol can also be used to immunopurify lysosomes from commonly cultured cells such as mouse embryonic fibroblast, HEK293 and A549 cells.
Features of generation and differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells into retinal cells for modeling human hereditary diseases
Authors: Lapshin Evgeniy V. , Gershovich Yulia G. , Minskaya Ekaterina S. , Karabelsky Alexander V.
Published: May 2024

The utilization of technology for the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and their subsequent differentiation is a promising approach for the study of disease pathogenesis and development of methods for treating optical neuropathies and retinopathy, which are the most common types of visual pathologies, in which retinal ganglion cells degenerate (consequently, optic nerve atrophy) or pigment epithelial cells and photoreceptors are affected, respectively. The prospect of patient-specific iPSCs has become a powerful alternative tool for discovering novel disease-causing mutations, studying genotype–phenotype relationships, screening therapeutic toxicity, and developing personalized cell therapy for optical neuropathies and retinopathies.
Numerous studies have demonstrated the possibility of creating different types of retinal cells from iPSCs, which provides a rapid development of the research area of human diseases for which no relevant animal models are available or access to primary human tissues and cells is limited.
This review presents various protocols for generating iPSCs from somatic cells and their subsequent differentiation, with an emphasis on the observed biological effects of the resulting cell cultures, including organoids, and discusses the prospects of using such models. The article may be useful to researchers studying the pathogenesis of various hereditary forms of blindness and developers of approaches for the treatment of these diseases who need a relevant cellular model.
Evaluation and outcome of hearing in meningitis patients
Authors: Gupta Nandini , Khandelwal Abhishek
Published: May 2024

Background: Meningitis remains the most common cause of acquired severe to profound SNHL in childhood. Likewise, deafness is the most common long-term neurological sequelae of the disease. Important consideration following meningitis is the development of labyrinthitis ossificans in which there is new bone formation within the lumen of the otic capsule. Ossification of the labyrinth can develop within a few days of meningitis which can make cochlear implantation difficult. Every newborn should be promptly screened for any hearing deficit along with the patients having meningitis. The most easily available investigation are OAE and BERA.
Methods: Our ambispective study of 25 patients was undertaken in a duration of 2 years in ENT department of civil hospital, Ahmedabad. All the patients underwent a detailed clinical examination and all routine audiological, and radiological investigations.
Results: The prevalence of hearing loss in post meningitis pediatric age group is 40%. Females are affected more than males. Median age group of presentation with hearing deficit is 4 years. Patients with complete immunization history have lower incidence of hearing loss associated with meningitis than incomplete immunization. Ossification of the cochlea can develop as early as 6 days from the development of first symptom.
Conclusions: Ossification of the cochlea can develop as early as 6 days from the development of first symptom. These are the candidates who should be prioritized for cochlear implant surgery. Patients with mild hearing loss recovered completely whereas those with profound hearing loss underwent cochlear implant surgery and were benefited with it.
A comparative study on outcome of endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy with and without silicone intubation-otorhinolaryngology
Authors: Karkare Ajay , Singh Arvind
Published: May 2024

Background: Epiphora or “tearing eye” is a functionally and socially, bothersome symptom. Dacryocystitis is an inflammatory condition of the nasolacrimal sac caused due to an obstruction within the nasolacrimal duct (NLD). Dacryocystitis can be classified as acute and chronic or acquired and congenital. Chronic dacryocystitis is almost always managed surgically.  The present study was undertaken for comparative study of outcomes of endonasal Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) done with and without silicone intubation.
Methods: The 50 cases dacryocystitis were selected. The patients were divided in group A cases (with intubation) and group B controls (without intubation) randomly. A detailed history was taken followed by general physical and clinical otorhinolaryngological examination. Patients were evaluated with nasal endoscopy, DCG (Dacrocystogram), through which site of obstruction was located.
Results: In our study, Among the cases 18 subject presented with right dacryocystitis and 7 with left dacryocystitis. Similarly, among the controls, 20 subjects presented with right dacryocystitis and 5 presented with left dacryocystitis. According to modified Likert’s score, at the end of 6 months when a nasal endoscopy was done along with syringing 96% of the cases had patent rhinostomy while only 80% of the controls showed patency. Post operative epistaxis was evident in 6 cases and 4 controls.
Conclusions: Endonasal DCR with and without stenting, had more or less similar results, with equal post op complications. Though, with stenting, success rates were high as shown in our study.
Comparison of oral versus intranasal methylcobalamin in patients of tinnitus
Authors: Srivastava Saurabh , Bhargava Anuja , Faiz S. M. , Gupta Rajeev , Gupta Keshav , Gupta Varun , Sharma Surabhi , Khalid Abdul
Published: May 2024

Background: Tinnitus is perception of sound in the absence of an external auditory stimulus. It is an experience that originates from a cause or trigger in the cochlea, brainstem or at higher centres.
Methods: A randomized, double-blinded pilot study was conducted, wherein a total of 64 patients were enrolled. Of which 32 were considered as Group A (oral methylcobalamin was administered) and 32 in Group B (intranasal methylcobalamin was administered). Group A patients enrolled randomly received oral methylcobalamin therapy (tablet methylcobalamin 500 mcg tablet once a day for a period of 6 weeks). Group B patients enrolled randomly received intranasal methylcobalamin treatment (nasal spray 500 mcg per day) for a period of 6 weeks.
Results: A sum of 19 patients of the total patients included in the study were found to be Vitamin B12 deficient that is 42.1% were considered to be Vitamin B12 deficient when the normal levels were considered to be 250 pg/ml, which could be considered to be a significantly high prevalence. Patients having Vitamin B12 deficiency showed improvement in visual analogue scale score after vitamin B12 therapy.
Conclusions: Supplementation of Vitamin B12 in vitamin B12 deficient patients having tinnitus has shown symptomatic improvement. However, no significant improvement in visual analogue scale scores in patients without B12 deficiency was observed. There was improvement in VAS in cobalamin-deficient patients receiving Vitamin B12 weekly for 6 weeks.
A study of the prevalence of Onodi cells in a North Indian population
Authors: Sharma Preeti , Kanotra Sonika , Bahir Seerat , Khan Yasir A. , Batt M. Zahid , Ahmed Qazi S. , Bhat Misba M. , Gupta Kshitij
Published: May 2024

Background: Onodi cells are a type of posterior ethmoid cells which extend superior and lateral to the sphenoid sinus. As these cells have a close relationship with the optic nerve and the internal carotid artery, it becomes important to be aware about their presence preoperatively to prevent injury to these vital structures. Aim of the study was to identify the presence of the Onodi cell with computed tomography (CT) scan and to determine its prevalence and gender distribution of these cells in a north Indian population.
Methods: CT scan of nose and paranasal sinuses of 300 adult patients were studied retrospectively to determine the prevalence of Onodi cells.  
Results: The overall prevalence of Onodi cells was found to be 20.33%. Of this, 24 (57%) were present in males and 17 (43%) in females. Out of 61 Onodi cells, 30 (49.2%) were right-sided, 10 (16.4%) left-sided, 13 (21.3%) central and 8 (13.1%) were bilateral.
Conclusions: The presence of Onodi cell in every fifth person makes it important to have a knowledge of their presence preoperatively to prevent adverse surgical complications.
A case series on the determination of pre-operative risk factors for anticipation of post operative hypocalcaemia in thyroidectomy
Authors: Adhikary Akash , De Kumar Shankar , Adhikary Bivas
Published: May 2024

During thyroidectomy, careful dissection of the parathyroid and tracing of their blood supply is the dictum. But it may not always be possible. We aim to highlight some of the common situations faced by ENT surgeons during thyroidectomy, where intraoperative identification and preservation of either the parathyroid glands or their blood supply may be difficult or the glands may have to be sacrificed. We wish to highlight 5 cases where hypocalcemic tetany occurred after total thyroidectomy and pre operative anticipation of their risk factors and the reasoning for the same. Extra precaution should be taken to try and identify and preserve at least one parathyroid gland to prevent lifelong morbidity due to hypocalcemia. Additionally, one must be on the lookout for such challenging cases preoperatively and appropriate consent should be taken from the patient.
Facial nerve palsy following bee sting: a case report
Authors: Anuar Khairullah Bin , Munaaim Maimunah Binti Abdul
Published: May 2024

One of the most common insect poisoning is bee sting. It can produce local symptoms such as pain, redness, and fever following a local pain. Rarely, anaphylaxis, myocardial infarction, organ failure, epilepsy and other neurological diseases have been reported. Lower motor neuron facial nerve palsy is one of the common diseases of the Otorhinolaryngology clinic. Although it is usually idiopathic, trauma and tumors are the two most common causes. Usually, it is diagnosed clinically and the grade of palsy is based on House Brackmann Classification. We present a case of left Bell’s palsy due to bee sting. A 21-year-old male patient was referred to our clinic for persistent incomplete eye closure for two weeks duration. Upon further history, he complained that prior to the left sided facial weakness he was stung by a bee the night before on his left toe and developed the facial weakness when he woke up in the morning. He did not get immediate treatment. Clinically he had Grade III left lower motor neuron facial nerve palsy. Other ear, nose and throat examinations were unremarkable. He was treated with oral steroid and eye care. One week upon follow up, his facial weakness was completely resolved.
Fungal carotiditis with aneurysm - a rare complication of mucormycosis: presentation and management
Authors: Gavendra Sakshi , Subramaniasamy Gopishankar , Joshi Anagha , Bradoo Renuka
Published: May 2024

During the COVID-19 pandemic, cases of mucormycosis (ROCM) had increased drastically, especially in the second wave. Most of these cases involved the paranasal sinuses, orbit and occasionally brain. This case report presents a rare case of mucormycosis complicated with a mycotic aneurysm of the petrous part of the internal carotid artery (ICA). A 43-year-old man presented with left-sided facial weakness for which high resolution computed tomography scan of the Temporal bones was done. A scrutiny of the computed tomography temporal bone showed evidence of osteomyelitis extending to the petrous apex around the foramen Lacerum. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the paranasal sinus done later confirmed the diagnosis of mucormycosis. The patient underwent endoscopic surgical debridement of the nose and sinuses, with post-operative amphotericin B. After 3 weeks, the patient presented with bouts of profuse nasal bleed. Computed tomography angiogram showed an aneurysm in the petrous segment of the ICA suggestive of mycotic carotiditis complicated from mucormycosis spread along the skull base. It was successfully managed neurosurgically by a bypass shunting procedure. Mucormycosis is a disease that typically has an aggressive and startling fatality rate. ICA aneurysm is an uncommon occurrence in mucormycosis. Subjects with ROCM should be examined for brain and vascular involvement. Computed tomography angiogram should be performed as soon as possible if the skull base is involved in the ICA area. Morbidity and mortality can often be reduced by early diagnosis and interventions by a multidisciplinary team.
Non recurrent laryngeal nerve: be vigilant
Authors: Dhingra Preeti , Raghuwanshi Kaustubh , Naga Mahendra Sirigiri , Agrawal Ritesh
Published: May 2024

The nonrecurrent laryngeal nerve (NRLN) is a rare variant of the RLN, which results from the partial failure of pharyngeal apparatus during embryological development. It’s a rare anatomical variation in which the nerve doesn’t descend to the thorax and enters the larynx directly from the vagus nerve in the neck. It’s an uncommon anatomical variation usually associated with subclavian artery abnormalities, so identification of these vascular anomalies before the surgery is important to avoid nerve injury. These anomalies lead to difficulty in finding the RLN and hence the chances of injury to the nerve are more. Lack of knowledge about the course of RLN, its anatomical variations and its relationship to the vital structures poses the risk of iatrogenic damage of the nerve. Most of the cases of NRLN are diagnosed intraoperatively, as there is no specific test for this. So, surgeons should always be vigilant about the NRLN during thyroid and parathyroid surgeries.
A tale of two stones in nose
Authors: Sreenath Sarada , Sasidharan Saji , George Elizabeth Thottathikunnath , George Saju Kuttiplakal
Published: May 2024

Rhinolith is stone formation in nose. It is very rare. Here we discuss 2 cases of rhinoliths along with its management and review the literature. First is a case of giant rhinolith detected in a 41-year-old male patient and second is rhinolith in a 52-year-old lady with no known history of foreign body insertion. This article can enable the attending clinician to diagnose this still prevailing condition with high index of suspicion leading to its appropriate management.
Multiple squamous cell carcinomas of temporal bone years after radiotherapy for malignancy glottis-report of a rare case with review of literature
Authors: Chelakkattuparambil Eaiby Sebastian , Ponnuvelu Sahana , Dharman Devi , Selvakarikalan Selvarajesh , Veeramani Tamilselvi
Published: May 2024

Larynx is unique in its anatomy. It is critical to map the lesions accurately so that the patient may benefit from the strategy most likely to preserve a functional larynx with the lowest likelihood of recurrence and the least morbidity. We describe a case of 60-year-old male with malignancy glottis diagnosed at the age of 43, treated with external beam radiotherapy, presented 15 years after with swelling in the right upper part of the face, lateral to the eye. Radiological investigations suggested neoplasm in the skin over the right zygomatic part of the temporal bone. Biopsy confirmed malignancy, basal cell carcinoma type. Wide local excision of the lesion with split skin grafting was done. After 2 years, he presented with right ear pain, discharge, and hard of hearing. Examination and radiological investigations confirmed a mass in the external auditory canal, infiltrating through the temporal bone. Biopsy revealed an acantholytic variant of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The patient was advised about treatment options and radiotherapy was chosen. Further, a literature search was conducted to detect similar cases. We describe the incidence and prevalence of radiation-induced temporal bone malignancy, an exceedingly rare and late complication of head and neck irradiation. Radiation induced SCCs are highly malignant secondary neoplasms in the head and neck region. It constitutes a therapeutic challenge because of its anatomy and the known side effects of radiation. Timely intervention with a multidisciplinary approach is necessary.
Multiple cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the forehead in a patient with skin of color treated by wide local excision with adjuvant radiotherapy: a case report
Authors: Pari Vishnupriya , Roy Biswanath , Gorai Surajit , Bhattacharya Saptarshi , Shahid Tanweer , Srivastava Ritu
Published: May 2024

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is the second most common non-melanoma skin cancer, characterized by the proliferation of keratinocytes, with an increasing incidence worldwide. In cases of perineural invasion, surgical excision followed by adjuvant radiotherapy is the preferred treatment. An intraoperative frozen section is necessary to determine the cancer-cell-free margin. A 80-year-old male presented to the outpatient department of our hospital with two fungating growths over his right forehead (size 2.7×1.2 cm) and right temple region (size 4×1.2 cm) for 5 years. An incisional biopsy of the growths revealed well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. There was no evidence of lymphadenopathy. The patient was treated successfully by wide local excision of the growths with an intraoperative frozen section to determine negative margins. Local defects of the forehead and right temple were reconstructed with a scalp rotation flap and a split skin thickness graft, respectively. The final histopathological examination showed moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma with resection-free margins. Forehead growth showed perineural invasion. The patient underwent 30 fractions of image-guided adjuvant radiotherapy in view of perineural invasion and to avoid local recurrence. The patient recovered well without any recurrences or complications. Surgical excision and reconstruction followed by adjuvant radiotherapy is the most effective method for treating cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas with perineural or lymphovascular invasion. Intraoperative frozen section is necessary to reduce recurrence rates and metastasis. Ours is a rare case of multiple cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas involving the forehead region.
The effect of E-HRM practices on the performance of academic staff: The mediating role of trust
Authors: Hussein Nisrin Jamal , Jaaffar Amar Hisham
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of electronic human resource management (E-HRM) on the performance of academic staff (PAS) at Amman universities. In today's modern freelance and remote working society, employee performance (EP) has become an important topic in recent studies. This performance is more critical for educational institutions as they move to more virtual classes and meeting discussions. The move to the virtual world forced the organization to conduct most of its work online, which requires trust. Prior literature has focused on EP in business organizations, and minimal studies have examined this topic in educational settings among academic staff. The study also examines the mediating role of trust between E-HRM and PAS. Based on the literature, the study proposes a positive effect of E-HRM on PAS, and trust will mediate this effect. The population of this study is the academic staff in Amman, the capital of Jordan. A total of 332 responses were collected using stratified random sampling. The data was collected via an online questionnaire shared among the population. Smart Partial Least Squares (Smart PLS) was used to analyze the data. The finding showed that E-HRM and its dimensions, such as E-selection, E-training, and E-development, positively affected PAS. E-recruitment, E-performance appraisal, and E-compensation have an insignificant effect. The findings also showed that trust partially mediated the impact of E-HRM on PAS. E-HRM collectively is vital to improving PAS, and the selection and training process can play an essential role in enhancing PAS.
Exploring higher education students’ satisfaction for quality improvement: A case study of the African Centre of Excellence in Data Science
Authors: Ruranga Charles
Published: May 2024

The objective of this study is to examine variables that affect students’ satisfaction in postgraduate programmes using a case study of students at the African Centre of Excellence in Data Science (ACE-DS) at the University of Rwanda. It is important to study student satisfaction to understand how students feel about the quality of education, academic experiences, access to facilities, campus life, and extracurricular activities. A questionnaire was designed for the study, and data was collected from 81 students enrolled in master’s and PhD programs at the African Centre of Excellence in Data Science. In this study, a chi-square test was conducted to select factors associated with students’ satisfaction to be included in the model, and a multivariable logistic regression model was used for the analysis. The findings indicated that gender, level of study, programme of study, and the country of origin were not associated with student satisfaction. In contrast, curriculum relevance, accessing course materials, learning facilities, and the support from the ACE were statistically associated with students’ satisfaction. Therefore, the logistic regression model solely took into account variables which are associated with students’ satisfaction. This study uncovered the difficulties and opportunities affecting students’ satisfaction, and the findings showed that accessing course materials and satisfaction with centre support were statistically significant, while curriculum relevance and satisfaction with learning facilities were not. The findings from this study inform higher learning institutions and decision makers about how to improve the caliber and efficiency of higher education.
Principals' managerial role in realizing the ideal curriculum and learning: The case of remote areas schools in Indonesia
Authors: Maisyaroh  , Juharyanto  , Ulfatin Nurul , Adha Maulana Amirul , Nawi Abdullah Mohd
Published: May 2024

Leaders who have a strong spirit and are creative, innovative and skilled are needed by one-roof schools, especially in realizing ideal curriculums and learning methods. The aim of this study is to describe the efforts of school principals in creating an ideal curriculum and the optimal method of learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. It uses a qualitative approach with a multisite study research design. The location of this research is three one-roof schools in the Bondowoso Regency. Data collection was carried out by unstructured, in-depth, group interviews, observation, and documentation studies. The validity of the data was checked using data triangulation, member checks, discussions among members, and adequacy of reference materials. The data was analyzed using reduction analysis, presentation, verification, and drawing conclusions. Cross-site data analysis was carried out on a constant comparative basis. The results revealed that school principals employ varying strategies to achieve ideal learning, influenced by factors such as students, teachers, infrastructure, and local community conditions. The results also show that in order to realize an ideal curriculum and learning in one-roof schools, it is necessary to compile and implement learning in accordance with the conditions and readiness of students by including local knowledge and highlighting the principle of partnership with the community. This research offers practical guidance for policy makers and the school community in realizing ideal curriculums and learning methods, especially for schools in remote areas.
Project-based learning: Student performance and perceptions in a food industry engineering degree course
Authors: Nieto Ana Isabel Andres , Teston Maria Jesus Petron , Andrada Maria Luisa Timon
Published: May 2024

The project-based learning (PBL) methodology was applied in a Food Technology course during the third year of a Food Industry Engineering degree at the University of Extremadura. The purpose of the research was to assess the effectiveness of PBL in this specific teaching field, evaluate the utility of rubrics, and determine the level of student satisfaction. A total of 22 students were tasked with participating in a group activity where they had to formulate, design, prepare, and present a food product to their peers and teacher. The students produced multiple deliverables and received feedback from the teachers. They also completed a final report and an oral presentation. The project was evaluated by teachers, peers (peer evaluation), and through self-evaluation using rubrics. A satisfaction survey and an analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats were conducted after the completion of the PBL activity. The main findings indicated that PBL and rubrics were effective teaching and evaluation methodologies, respectively, enabling students to achieve scores above 8. Teacher evaluations were higher than the self-assessments, which were close to peer evaluations, indicating a high level of commitment on the part of students. Effective communication skills need improvement. Students viewed the activity positively, as it helped them comprehend the subject matter and proved valuable for improving teamwork, autonomy, and overall learning. In conclusion, PBL resulted in an engaging and effective learning experience that enhanced the understanding of food processing content and fostered the development of the skills and competencies necessary for a professional food engineer.
The interdisciplinary method of musical literacy, education and artistic sensibilization: Objectives, structure and evaluation
Authors: Leonido Levi , Cardoso Mario , Morgado Elsa Gabriel
Published: May 2024

The Interdisciplinary Method of Musical Literacy, Education and Artistic Awareness (MILMESA) aims to provide a holistic and interdisciplinary approach to education, integrating four artistic expressions (theatre, music, visual arts and physical/motor expression) essential for the development of skills such as creativity, expression and improvisation in a school context. The method aims to prepare adults who are in training for future practices aimed at children, young people or adults. MILMESA integrates 129 activities, classified by degree of difficulty, to improve personal and artistic skills, foster innovation and creativity, improve interaction and sociability, promote concentration and active listening, and improve rhythm, repetition, movement skills, expression and improvisation. A non-experimental methodology was chosen in which post facto questionnaire interviews were applied to 350 training participants. This method is a valuable tool for those looking to expand their artistic knowledge, as well as preparing them to educate and raise awareness among future generations. They also demonstrate the development of interdisciplinary artistic skills and practices in an educational context, the integral development of the individual, the connection and interaction between the arts and other areas of knowledge, and the improvement of skills in individuals who are training for future roles as teachers or artists.
Factors affecting in-service teachers’ informatization instructional leadership in China
Authors: Li Wei , Lay Yoon Fah
Published: May 2024

The ubiquity of instructional leadership integrated with technology has necessitated research into the application of instructional leadership and its influencing factors. The aim of this study is to investigate contributing factors to in-service teachers’ informatization instructional leadership by determining the relationship between use expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, computer self-efficacy, blended teaching competence, behavioral intention and teachers’ informatization instructional leadership. Quantitative research is employed using a questionnaire to collect data. The sample comprises 230 randomly selected in-service teachers from private undergraduate universities in Xi’an City, Shaanxi Province, China. Data analysis was carried out using SmartPLS. The results show that use expectancy, facilitating conditions, computer self-efficacy, blended teaching competence and behavioral intention all have a positive and significant effect on teachers’ informatization instructional leadership. Use expectancy, computer self-efficacy and blended teaching competence have a positive and significant effect on behavioral intention, and behavioral intention significantly mediates the relationships between use expectancy, computer self-efficacy, blended teaching competence and teachers’ informatization instructional leadership. The research provides practical guidance for universities attempting to implement or improve teachers’ informatization instructional leadership practices. Efforts for policymakers to develop teachers’ informatization instructional leadership should consider the importance of not only use expectancy and facilitating conditions but also computer self-efficacy, blended teaching competence, and the role of behavioral intention to use teachers’ informatization instructional leadership.
Constructing student agency: The nexus between classroom activities and engagement
Authors: Adhikari Devi Prasad
Published: May 2024

Student agency refers to the quality of students’ self-reflective and intentional actions and interactions concerning their activities and engagements both inside and outside the classroom. The engagements and activities help to increase the level of personal agency. This study mainly aims to determine the nexus between constructing student agency and engagements and activities in higher education English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classrooms. This study adopted a sequential explanatory mixed method design. To collect quantitative data, a survey was conducted with a set of five-point Likert scale questionnaires among 107 students studying at bachelor’s level in Dhading district, Nepal. The students represent different years of the bachelor’s level. Semi-structured interviews were conducted among three teachers teaching at the same level to collect qualitative data. The findings of the study hold important insights for higher education teachers, emphasizing the significance of incorporating agency into classroom activities and fostering engagement. Additionally, this study contributes to the development of agency when students have opportunities to be selective in actions, engagements and interactions in classrooms. To effectively address this issue, the researcher strongly advocates highlighting the importance of classroom engagement and activities as essential components in enhancing student agency in EFL classrooms and beyond.
The current situation of seniors’ usage of active teaching methods during practicums – a case study in Vietnam
Authors: Huong Vu Thi Mai , Tung Nguyen Thi Thanh , Hai Cao Thi , Diem Vu Thi
Published: May 2024

In Vietnam, pedagogical students are not just equipped with a system of knowledge and skills in the classroom, they also need to apply the knowledge and skills in general education through practicums. To develop learners' capacity, student teachers need to be equipped to use active teaching methods that are appropriate and promote positiveness. The use of pedagogical methods is most evident during a practicum. This article focuses on determining the reality of seniors who are about to become trained teachers and use pedagogical methods in general education when they join a practicum. The article uses a mixed methods approach, including qualitative and quantitative methods. The questionaries were used to survey 122 seniors regarding the active teaching methods at the pedagogical school and applied during practicums. SPSS software was used for data analysis. The results show that pre-service teachers are aware of the importance of using active teaching methods when practicing. However, they are not proficient, have not applied a variety of these methods, and there is a significant difference in the way they are used by students of different disciplines. The research has implications for the process of training pre-service teachers. It is necessary to equip them to deal with issues related to active teaching methods. On the other hand, students need to actively apply these methods during the practicum. In addition to the efforts of student teachers, this issue needs the close coordination of pedagogical universities and practicum schools.
The criteria for qualifying fuels as a replacement fuels for internal combustion engines
Authors: Zakrzewska Dagna , Chłopek Zdzisław , Szczepański Krystian
Published: May 2024

The article presents the classification of motor fuels into conventional and unconventional. The concept of replacement fuels is formalized as fuels that can replace conventional petroleum fuels for spark ignition and self-ignition engines without any structural or regulatory changes. The criteria for qualification unconventional fuels as replacement fuels are presented. This article also introduces the results of empirical research conducted on a single-cylinder research engine powered by diesel fuel and rapeseed methyl esters (RME) in summer version and winter version. The engine was tested and the combustion phenomenon in the cylinder was analyzed. Very similar engine properties were observed for diesel fuel and rapeseed methyl esters (RME) in the summer version, while greater differences were found for rapeseed methyl esters (RME) with winter additives. In light of the empirical research and the physicochemical properties of the fuels, it is concluded that RME warrants consideration as replacement fuel for engines with self-ignition, especially in the case of biofuel in the summer version.
A scientometrics analysis and systematic review of STEAM education with gamification
Authors: Jantakoon Thada , Jantakun Thiti , Jantakun Kitsadaporn
Published: May 2024

This scientometric analysis and systematic review methodologies examine the integration of gamification into steam education from 2017 to 2023. We collected data from the Scopus database. The study employed content analysis to evaluate 34 articles published during the past 7 years. The aggregate magnitude and trajectory of publications. The study examined trends in terms of annual accounts, number of articles, distribution of articles by sources, most productive sources, keywords, top collaboration groups, theme evolutions, contributions, practical consequences, and conceptual framework. The findings revealed the publication of 34 papers across 30 sources between 2017 and 2023, offering significant insights into the data and document formats. The research on steam with gamification revealed fluctuations, alternating between deceleration and positive acceleration. The articles experienced their highest growth rate in 2022. "CEUR workshop proceedings" is the primary source for the most frequently published articles. We request the keyword Plus growth rate for phrases such as "computer-aided instruction," "e-learning," and "embedded systems." The analysis’s findings on thematic evolution unveiled three significant advancements: (1) Studies in science and technology have shifted their focus towards steam education. (2) Research on learning environments has expanded to include further investigation into stem education and the integration of science and technology. (3) School students’ research has evolved and merged with the study of the learning process. The outcomes, contributions, and real-world significance of incorporating gamification into steam education. The conceptual framework ultimately fosters the development of creativity, problem-solving skills, and innovative abilities.
The impact of short-term training in qualitative research methods delivered to emerging researchers in disability education in India
Authors: Rose Richard , Narayan Jayanthi , Malkani Ratika
Published: May 2024

This paper reports the findings from a pre- and post- survey of participants and interviews with a small number of course members. A three-day course of training in qualitative research methods was delivered to a cohort of inexperienced researchers, all of whom were working in the field of special educational needs and disability, in Kolkata, India. The study examines the effectiveness of the training, taking into account the teaching methods used and the structure of the workshop. The findings suggest that emerging researchers prefer a hands-on workshop approach to more traditional lecture delivery of research training. The levels of support provided by tutors and the interaction with practical activities using bespoke resources found favour with participants. Following the training workshop, members expressed greater confidence in their ability to use qualitative research methods and understood the relation of this approach to quantitative studies. Some who completed the course have begun to conduct independent research investigations using the methods taught.
Factors affecting parents’ satisfaction with online learning during COVID-19: A study on parents of young children
Authors: Alaulamie Lamees Abdulrahman
Published: May 2024

The transition to online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic was a new experience for parents of young children who were obliged to deal with various factors that had an impact on their level of satisfaction. It was essential to address these issues if their children were to continue receiving an education. This research investigates the factors affecting parents’ satisfaction (PS) with their children’s online learning experience during the pandemic. These factors comprised technical support (TS), instructional support (IS), the quality of the online curriculum program (CP) and social interaction (SI). A mixed-methods approach was adopted using a sequential explanatory design. The population sampled for this study comprised parents of young children in Saudi Arabia. The total number of survey respondents was 307 and 12 parents volunteered to be interviewed. The results demonstrated that almost 69% of the variance in parents' overall satisfaction was predicted by a combination of the aforementioned characteristics. However, SI was found to be the only significant predictor of PS. Overall, the parents’ satisfaction with online learning appeared to be moderate but there were significant differences in PS that related to the parents’ age or the child’s educational level. This study offers insights into online learning experiences and parental satisfaction during the COVID-19 pandemic. Practitioners in the education sector should take this satisfaction into consideration given that parents are an essential element in the success of their children’s online learning experience. Moreover, parents received beneficial information during the pandemic which could help develop the implementation of online learning for future use.
Assessing the efficacy of online applications in enhancing classroom teaching: A comprehensive evaluation of execution and effectiveness
Authors: Le Thang Van , Tran Tu Thi Cam , Nguyen Hung Thanh , Nguyen Tuan Van , Cao Chinh Danh
Published: May 2024

This study explores the practical application of online applications in innovating the organization of teaching activities within public schools in Hue City, Vietnam. The research investigates the nuanced dynamics of execution and efficiency in using online applications across various teaching categories. The study employs a systematic approach to participant selection using stratified sampling based on geographical criteria to ensure representation from both the northern and southern regions of the city. A total of 192 teacher survey questionnaires were distributed focusing on the execution and efficiency of online applications in categories such as warm-up activities, knowledge building, review and consolidation, practice activities and testing and assessment. The commitment to data quality is demonstrated by the high response rate with 187 valid questionnaires collected (97.3% of the expected sample). Statistical analyses including mean scores, standard deviations and correlation coefficients were employed to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the current state of online application integration in teaching activities. The findings reveal varying levels of execution and efficiency across different teaching categories emphasizing the need for targeted improvement strategies. Strong positive correlations were observed in specific categories such as practice activities highlighting a consistent association between effective execution and efficiency. The study contributes valuable insights to the discourse on technology integration in education, offering recommendations for teachers, administrators and policymakers seeking to optimize the impact of online applications on teaching practices in the Vietnamese educational context.