bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PANCREATOBLASTOMA IN JAPAN, WITH DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS FROM PAPILLARY CYSTIC TUMOR (DUCTULOACINAR ADENOMA) OF THE PANCREAS
Authors: Horie Akio , Haratake Joji , Jimi Atsuo , Matsumoto Motoko , Ishii Nobuyoshi , Tsutsumi Yutaka
Published: August 2010

Twelve cases of pancreatoblastoma, 7 males and 5 females, were 5 years of age in average and showed an organoid structure consisting of acinar differentiation with squamoid corpuscles. Seven cases died, but 5 lived after surgery. On the contrary, 17 cases of papillary cystic tumor, ductuloacinar adenoma of the pancreas, one male and 16 females, were 21 years of age in average and disclosed a monomorphous pseudopapillary pattern of ductuloacinar type of tumor cells with some degenerative and granulomatous changes. All of the cases had suffered no recurrence after resection. Immunohistochemically, strong positivity for α1‐antitrypsin may be associated with the autodigestive process and limited growth of this tumor. Electron microscopically, both tumors showed centroacinar and acinar types of tumor cells. Both tumor cells frequently contained well‐developed RER, zymogen‐like granules, and annulate lamellae. The ductular or acinar lumina were clear in pancreatoblastoma, but not in ductuloacinar adenoma due to degeneration. Though both tumors disclosed contiguous histogenesis, pancreatoblastoma should be differentiated from ductuloacinar adenoma, based upon the young age, almost equal sex ratio, unfavorable prognosis, high serum AFP level in three measured cases, an organoid structure containing frequent mitotic figures, and the invasive growing margin.
HUMAN NORMAL AND NEOPLASTIC ADRENOCORTICAL CELLS IN TISSUE CULTURE OBSERVED BY SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
Authors: Matsuo Kenji , Tsuchiyama Hideo
Published: August 2010

Human normal and neoplastic adrencortlcal cells were Incubated under stimulation with ACTH and observed by scanning electron microscopy. Cultured normal adrenocortical cells gathered into small clusters, each cell of which had a polarity or orientation evidenced by two different aspects. In one aspect, the cell surface rounded up and microvilli protruded vertically. Pits were found among or close to the groups of microvilli. In the other aspect, the cell surface was flattened and well‐developed microvilli ran horizontally. These two aspects of the cultured cells were thought to correspond to the cell surface facing the intercellular space and that facing the perisinusoidal space, respectively. In Incubated cell clusters of adrenocortical adenomas with Conn's syndrome, most cells lost this polarity or orientation and unstimulated cells existed as unit of the clusters, but all adenoma cells reacted to ACTH in the same manner. Microvilli were distributed unevenly. Filopodia were noticed in some cells. Bleb‐like structures appeared frequently and some of them were about to be extricated from the cell surface as in normal adrenocortical cells. Adrenocortical adenomas with Cushing's syndrome showed remarkable responses to ACTH. Their cell surface was unclean with the adherence of fragmented cytoplasm and bleb‐like structures. Horizontally running elongated microvilli were almost indistinguishable from collagen fibrils. Moreover, collagen fibrils were entangled with microvilli.
AN IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF GLIAL FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN, S‐100 PROTEIN, NEURON‐SPECIFIC ENOLASE, AND NEUROFILAMENT IN MEDULLOBLASTOMAS
Authors: Hayashi Kazuhiko , Motoi Makoto , Nose Sohichiro , Horie Yasushi , Akagi Tadaatsu , Ogawa Katsuo , Taguchi Kohji , Mizobuchi Kohichi , NISHIMOTO Akira
Published: August 2010

In order to clarify the differentiation of medulloblastomas, the authors studied on the morphological features and immunohistochemical expression of glial flbrillary acidic protein (GFAP), S‐100 protein, neuron‐specific enolase (NSE), and neuroftlament (NF) in 31 medulloblastomas. GFAP was detected only in a small number of tumor cells of 5 medulloblastomas; S‐100 protein in both small tumor cells and some so‐called spongloblastic cells in 16 medulloblastomas; NSE in the more abundant tumor cells and the matrix in 28 medulloblastomas; NF in a few tumor cells of 12 medulloblastomas; GFAP and NF in 2 medulloblastomas, but each of them in different tumor cells. These results suggest that medulloblastomas have a capacity of differentiation along neuronal and/or glial lines. The conventional morphological markers of differentiation in medulloblastomas such as spongioblastic cells and Homer Wright rosettes were not necessarily compatible with expression of immunohistochemical markers such as GFAP or NF. NSE and S‐100 protein seem less valuable markers of differentiation because they were detected in both neuronal and glial elements. But NSE, which was observed in most medulloblastomas, might have a value as a marker for medulloblastomas.
LONG TERM SURVIVAL CASE OF SMALL (OAT) CELL CARCINOMA OF THE RECTUM
Authors: Shirouzu Kazuo , Morodomi Tatsuhisa , Isomoto Hiroharu , Ono Shinichi , Kakegawa Teruo , YASUAKI Fujiyoshi , Morimatsu Minoru
Published: August 2010

A long term survival case of small (oat) cell carinoma of the rectum in a 39‐year‐old female is presented. She complained of anal pain and occasional anal bleeding. The tumor was located at the anterior wall in the lower rectum. Biopsy specimens revealed a carcinoid tumor. She underwent trans‐anal local resection for the first time in December, 1980. Macroscopic findings of the resected specimen showed a small nodule, 0.4 by 0.4 by 0.5 cm, with yellowish cut‐surface. Microscopically, the tumor deeply invaded the submucosal layer. The appearances were indistinguishable from pulmonary small (oat) cell carcinoma. Since lymphatic permeations were moderately recognized in the tumor, she underwent radical operation (Miles' operation) with lymphadenectomy. Microscopic findings of the resected rectum revealed an intramural metastatic lesion with marked lymphatic permeations in the submucosal layer 2 cm distant from the primary lesion. Up to date, there is no evidence of local recurrence or liver metastasis. Small (oat) cell carcinoma of the rectum easily metastasizes lymphogenously through the lymph system from an early stage of the development. Wide surgical resection will be needed to give a long term survival even if the tumor is extremely small.
CATECHOLAMINE‐INDUCED CARDIOPATHY ACCOMPANIED WITH PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA
Authors: Cho Takanori , Tanimura Akira , Saito Yasuyuki
Published: August 2010

Catecholamine‐induced cardiopathy accompanied with pheochromocytoma in a 28‐year‐old female including two other cases are reported and the relationship between pheochromocytoma and cardiac change was also discussed. In the first case, catecholamine in the tumor tissue showed extremely high values; 94.22 p g /g of adrenaline and 6,332.42 p g /g of noradrenaline. Histologically, myocardial degeneration and inflammatory cell infiltration between myocardial fibers were noted. In the second case, hypertrophied heart showed focal degeneration of myocardial fibers with a few inflammatory cells in the stroma. The third case showed increase of heart weight, but neither myocardial degeneration nor inflammatory infiltration was noted except for moderate myocardial hypertrophy. Although the cause of difference in degree of myocardial changes is not yet clear, it may be attributed to the blood cathecholamine level and/or duration of disease and/or area examined. A relative hypoxia theory is accepted for the mechanism of catecholamine‐induced cardiopathy. This theory is supported by more severe lesions being noted near to the cardiac apex corresponding to peripheral coronary circulation.
SYSTEMIC MASTOCYTOSIS WITHOUT CUTANEOUS INVOLVEMENT
Authors: Katsuda Shogo , Okada Yoshikatsu , Oda Yoshio , Tanimoto Kazuo , Takabatake Satoru
Published: August 2010

An autopsy case of systemic mastocytosis without cutaneous involvement in a 76‐year‐old woman was described. The patient presented with general malaise, chest and epigastric discomfort, flushing of the face and progressive hepatosplenomegaly, and she terminated in hemorrhagic complications of DIC within 2 months. There was neither rash nor urticaria pigmentosa recognizable in the entire course. The diagnosis was made by the histologic identification of abnormal aggregates of mast cells in a bone marrow aspirate. These mast cell granules were chloroacetate esterase‐positive, peroxidase‐negative, and electronmicroscopically they were composed of fine granular materials containing variable numbers of lamellar structures. At autopsy, diffuse infiltration of the mast cells was found in the liver, spleen, bone marrow, lymph nodes, lungs, kidneys, stomach, and adrenal glands.
Collagen Synthesis by Cultured Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells during Spontaneous Phenotypic Modulation
Authors: Okada Yoshikatsu , Katsuda Shogo , Matsui Yutaka , Watanabe Hideto , Nakanishi Isao
Published: August 2010

Quantitative and qualitative changes incollagen synthetic activity by rabbit arterial smooth muscle cells were monitored during spontaneous phenotypic modulation from days 2‐15 of culture. The cultured smooth muscle cells transformed into a synthetic phenotype, reaching a maximum of 94.6% on day 4, and then gradually returned to a conractile phenotype accounting for 59.3% on day 15 of culture. The maximum collagen synthesis was found on day 7 when the cells were in early quiescent phase and showed a 91.7% synthetic phenotype. With an increasing proportion of cells decreased in parallel with the reduction in total protein synthesis. Synthesis of type I collagen was predominant, and the proportion of type I+III collagen was over 85% during the entire period of culture. Synthetic activity of type IV collagen, however, was relatively increased, and reached 3.8±0.4% a t day 15 in comparison with 0.81±0.1% in the late logarithmic growth phase on day 4. This significant increment of type IV collagen in vitro seems to be correlated with the phenotypic modulation of cultured smooth muscle cells into a contractile phenotype. Acta Pathol Jpn 40: 157‐164, 1990.
Diffuse Sclerosing Variant of Papillary Carcinoma of the Thyroid. A Histopathological Study of Four Cases
Authors: Hayashi Yuzo , Sasao Tetsuro , Takeichi Nobuo , Kuma Kanji , Katayama Shoichi
Published: August 2010

We present four cases of an unusual diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid occurring in Japanese women ranging in age from 17 to 42 years. Macroscopically, both lobes of the thyroid were involved, being diffusely enlarged and firm. Histologically, the tumor was characterized by squamous metaplasia of tumor cells, numerous psammoma bodies, extensive stromal fibrosis. severe lvmphocvtic infiltration with formation of lymph follicles, and thin bundles of smooth muscle cells in the fibrous stroma. The tumor islands were located mainly within the dilated lymphatic vessels and the metastatic tumor involved the bilateral cervical lymph nodes in all cases. It is assumed that papillary carcinoma of this type invades the thyroid lymphatics during the early stage and, without forming nodular lesions, disseminates to both lobes with extensive metastasis to the cervical lymph nodes. It should be noted that papillary carcinoma of this type often suggests chronic thyroiditis clinically because of the symmetrical enlargement of the thyroid and frequent positive anti‐thyroid antibodies in the serum. Some workers have reported the prognosis to be unfavorable because of extensive lymphatic involvement, but the prognosis of this variant has not yet been defined. Acta Pathol Jpn 40: 193‐198, 1990.
Hepatoblastoma in an 82‐Year‐old Man. An Autopsy Case Report
Authors: Oda Hideaki , Honda Kazuho , Hara Mitsuru , Arase Yasuji , Ikeda Kenji , Kumada Hiromitsu
Published: August 2010

An autopsy case of adult hepatoblastoma is presented. The patient was an 8 2 year‐old male with chronic hepatitis of 7 years' duration. The liver tumor was detected 6 months before death. Autopsy revealed a large hepatic tumor occupying about 80% of the entire liver. Histologically, the tumor showed typical features of mixed epithelial and mesenchymal type hepatoblastoma. The epithelial component consisted of fetal and embryonal cell types. The mesenchymal component showed primitive spindle‐shaped cells with various degrees of cellularity. Chondroid areas and a few foci of osteoid formation were also present. Acta Pathol Jpn 40: 212‐218, 1990.
A Case of Epidural Granulocytic Sarcoma Preceding Acute Leukemia
Authors: Watanabe Makoto , Sashikata Terumasa , Kizaki Tomohiko , Fujiwara Takeshi , Ugai Kazuhiro , Nakagawa Toshitarou
Published: August 2010

A 20 year‐old male developed both coccygeal and leg pain and followed by rectocystic disturbance. Disc herniation between L5 and S was suspected and laminectomy was performed. At surgery, an easily curretable tumor occupied the epidural space from L5 to the end of the sacrum. In part, the tumor spread out of the vertebral canal and invaded the surrounding muscle tissue. This muscle tissue and part of the lamina were checked histologically. Initial blood analysis revealed 5% blast like cells, but failed to confirm them as leukemic cells. Histologically, the tumor cells had round or oval nuclei with large nucleoli and scanty cytoplasm without granulocytic differentiation. Malignant lymphoma or Ewing's sarcoma was initially suspected, but the definite diagnosis was uncertain. Im‐munohistochemical staining with the PAP method and enzyme histochemistry revealed that the tumor cells were positive for lysozyme and naphthol ASD chloroacetate esterase. Thus, granulocytic sarcoma was finally diagnosed. Electron microscopic findings supported this diagnosis. Subsequent karyotyping of bone marrow cells revealed 8; 21 translocation, thus the final diagnosis of this patient was myelodysplastic syndrome, refractory anemia with excess blast cells in transformation or acute myelogenous leukemia, M2, by the FAB classification. Acta Pathol Jpn 40: 922–926, 1990.
Pigmented Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans (Bednaf Tumor)
Authors: Onoda Noboru , Tsutsumi Yutaka , Kakudo Kennichi , Ozawa Akira , Niizuma Kan , Ohkido Muneo , Osamura R. Yoshiyuki
Published: August 2010

An autopsy case of pigmented dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (Bednaf tumor) with systemic metastasis is reported. No previous example of this tumor showing widespread metastasis has been reported in the literature. The patient, a 45 year old man, developed a tumor on the right upper arm. The tumor recurred twice and metastasized to other parts of the skin, lungs and brain during the 8‐year clinical course. The primary tumor contained melanin‐laden tumor cells and showed a storiform growth pattern. Autopsy confirmed multiple metastatic lesions in the skin, lungs, brain, thyroid, pancreas, stomach, small intestine and thigh muscles. The recurrent and metastatic tumors lacked both melanin production and the storiform arrangement, and instead revealed “fibro sarcomatous” change with a herring bone or interlacing pattern of growth. Acta Pathol Jpn 40: 935–940, 1990.
Enzymatic Investigation for Delayed‐type Hypersensitivity Reaction
Authors: Imamura Takahisa , Kambara Takeshi
Published: August 2010

Induration is a prominent feature of delayed hypersensitivity reaction (DHR) and is associated with fibrin deposition. To determine whether thrombin and plasmin mediate the development of induration, we examined guinea pig skin extracts of tuberculin reaction sites for the protease activities. To measure their low activities without inactivation by the inhibitors in the extracts, fluorogenic peptide substrates specific to each of the proteases were used. Because thiol proteases in the extracts hydrolyzed the substrates, the two serine protease activities were selected using a serine protease inhibitor. The extracts contained α2‐macroglobulin (α2‐MG)‐trapped thrombin that hydrolyzes the substrate, but no α2‐MG‐trapped plasmin. To exclude α2‐MG‐trapped thrombin activity, the extract treated with 0.2 M methylamine was incubated for two hours and the residual activity was excluded from the initial thrombin activity. Thrombin activity paralleled increasing intensity of induration, and plasmin activity was associated with the reduction of induration. Neither induration nor an increase of protease activity was observed at control sites. The results show that thrombin and plasmin mediate the development of induration probably by regulating fibrin deposition in DHR sites and that the present method can measure the protease activities in biological fluids and tissue extracts. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 722‐729, 1991.
Malignant Lymphomas in Japanese AIDS Patients
Authors: Mori Shigeo , Koike Morio , Hondo Ryo , Wakabayashi Tomo , Maeda Yoshiharu , Kazuyama Yukimasa , Kataoka Iyo , Watanabe Toshiki
Published: August 2010

Seven non‐Hodgkin's malignant lymphomas (MLs) were found in 25 Japanese AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) patients who died at two hospitals in Tokyo. All of these MLs originated from extranodal organs including the brain (three cases), skin (two cases) liver and adrenal gland. B cell markers were demonstrated in all of them. Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) capsid antigen (EBVCA) was demonstrated in 5/7, nuclear antigen (EBNA) in 2/2, the W fragment of EBV DNA by in situ hybridization in 5/7 and the same fragment by PCR in 6/7, indicating high association of these MLs with EBV. The adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL), endemic in south‐west Japan and known to have a high association with HTLV‐I, was not found in this series. The incidence of ML among the present AIDS cases is higher than in any other autopsy reports from western countries, although statistical analysis did not show this to be significant in comparison to some of these reports at a level of p<0.05. In spite of apparent higher incidence, the histopathologic and immunophenotypic characteristics of AIDS‐associated MLs in Japan are in accordance with those in western countries. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 744‐750, 1991.
Stromal Melanocytic Foci (“Blue Nevus”) in Step Sections of the Uterine Cervix
Authors: Uehara Toshitaka , Izumo Toshiyuki , Kishi Kiyozo , Takayama Shojiro , Kasuga Tsutomu
Published: August 2010

Stromal melanocytic foci (SMF) of the uterine cervix, which are known as extracutaneous blue nevus, were examined in step sections of the cervix. A total of 189 uterine specimens surgically excised for leiomyoma, adenomyosis etc., were studied. The over‐all incidence of SMF of the cervix was 28.6% (54/189 cases). The incidence of these lesions increased with age, and they were most prevalent in the sixth decade of life (12/30 cases, 40%). SMF were presented more often in the anterior wall than in the posterior wall. Most of the lesions were less than 1 mm in size. No case of SMF demonstrated expansive tumorous growth. Six of 54 cases of SMF displayed consecutive spread of SMF in almost all step sections of the cervix. The histological findings confirmed that SMF of the cervix is quite common existence among Japanese women. It is speculated that the mucosal region near the skin and/or cutaneus region near the mucosa may have stromal melanocytosis; malignant melanoma could develop from SMF of the cervix, which did not have junctional activity because of stromal melanocytic origin. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 751‐756, 1991.
Ultrastructural Visualization of Human Papillomavirus DNA in Verrucous and Precancerous Squamous Lesions
Authors: Tsutsumi Yutaka , Kawai Kenji , Hori Sadaaki , Osamura R. Yoshiyuki
Published: August 2010

Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA was ultrastructurally localized by the non‐isotopic in situ hybridization technique in formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded specimens of verruca vulgaris of the skin, condyloma acuminatum of the penis and severe dysplasia of the uterine cervix. Biotinylated DNA probe cocktails were employed for the visualization of HPV‐DNA, types 6 and 11 (HPV 6/11) and types 16 and 18 (HPV 16/18). The papillomavirus genus‐specific antigen was also visualized by pre‐embedding immunoelectron microscopy using rabbit antiserum. In verruca vulgaris, HPV antigen‐positive 50‐60 nm‐particles of mature viral size were observed in the nuclei of the granular cells and parakeratotic cells with perinuclear haloes, whereas HPV 6/11 and HPV 16/18 DNA were negative. In condyloma acuminatum, the nuclei were positive for the HPV antigen and HPV 6/11 DNA, but were negative for HPV 16/18 DNA. More cells were labeled for the viral DNA than for the viral antigen. The ultrastructural observation indicated the presence of the naked (plasmid) viral DNA as fine particles sized 15‐20 nm. In the dysplastic cervical mucosa, dotlike positivity of HPV 16/18 DNA was recognized. The HPV antigen and HPV 6/11 DNA were undetectable. HPV 16/18 DNA was localized in part of the nuclear chromatin. This pattern of localization may suggest integration of the viral DNA into the host cell DNA. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 757‐762, 1991.
Myxoid Variant of Epithelioid Leiomyosarcoma of the Uterus
Authors: Aida Yoshio , Tadokoro Mamoru , Takeuchi Eiko , Shinagawa Toshihito , Ishikawa Eisei , Iwata Masanori , Saito Kaoru
Published: August 2010

A rare case of myxoid variant of epithelioid leiomyosarcoma of the uterus in a 76‐year‐old woman is reported. Palpation and computed tomography revealed an enlarged uterus. Total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy were performed, and a hemispheric tumor, measuring 2.7 X 2.5 X 1.8 cm, was found protruding into the uterine cavity of the upper uterine segment. The tumor contained a prominent myxoid stroma and epithelioid tumor cells, which were round and polygonal in shape and showed positive immunoreactivity for desmin and vimentin. High mitotic activity was observed in the tumor cells. Electron microscopic examination revealed bundles of filaments in the cytoplasm and fine reticular material in the extracellular matrix. Histochemically, the myxoid stroma contained abundant acid mucopolysaccharide. The tumor cells were considered to originate from smooth muscle cells, while the myxoid stroma expressed varying differentiation of uterine mesenchymal cells. The patient is currently well with no evidence of recurrence or metastasis one year after the operation. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 778‐783, 1991.
Paired Twisted Filaments in Human Pinealocytes
Authors: Hasegawa Akio , Shimada Hiroyuki , Izumiyama Naotaka , Ohtsubo Kohichiro
Published: August 2010

Paired twisted filaments (PTF) have been confirmed and described ultra‐structurally in the normal human pineal gland for the first time. The PTF showed a peculiar double helical structure, measuring 12 to 25 nm in maximal helix width with a half‐periodicity of 30 to 35 nm (periodicity of the constrictions). Each filament was about 10 nm wide. The PTF formed parallel aggregates in the perikaryotic cytoplasm of the pinealocytes. In 8 of 12 autopsied middle aged to elderly individuals, the PTF were present in a small proportion of pinealocytes. The identity of the PTF remains unclear in terms of their apparent similarity to the paired helical filaments observed previously in aged rats. However, the age distribution of individuals with PTF suggests that the intermediate filaments of human pinealocytes are more susceptible to early deterioration during aging than those of other cerebral neurons.
Immunohistochemical Demonstration of Type II Collagen in the Chondroid Tissue of Pleomorphic Adenomas of the Salivary Glands
Authors: Landini Gabriel
Published: August 2010

A study was done to investigate the presence of type II collagen and elastin in the metaplastic chondroid tissue of 21 pleornorphic adenomas of the major and minor salivary glands. Type II collagen was detected with anti‐bovine type II collagen antibody after double digestion of histological sections with trypsin and hyaluronidase. The immunoreaction was positive in the chondrocytic cells and intercellular matrix. Elastic fibers in the chondroid tissue were found by orcein staining; they were scarce and randomly distributed. Although the presence of type II collagen and elastin in the metaplastic chondroid tissue is not directly implicated in the genesis of the tumor, it reveals a unique and high grade of cellular differentiation in comparison with true cartilage.
Malignant Meningioma with Cartilage and Giant Cells
Authors: Nakamura Yasuhiro , Honda Eiichiro , Ohshima Yuuki , Hayashi Takashi
Published: August 2010

An autopsy case of recurrent and malignant meningioma is reported. This case was originally typical benign transitional meningioma of the falx, however, the histology of the tumor changed to show malignant features during successive recurrences. At autopsy, the tumor revealed findings consistent with malignant meningioma. One of the most interesting features was the presence of cartilage and giant cells in some parts. Immunohistochemistry showed positive immunoreactivity for S‐100 protein in some cartilage and giant cells and for cytokeratin in some giant cells. Multi‐differential potential of the meningioma cells was suggested in this case.
Primary Osteosarcoma of the Ovary
Authors: Sakata Hitomi , Hirahara Toshihiko , Ryu Aimin , Sawada Tatsuo , Yamamot Masahiro , Sakurai Isamu
Published: August 2010

A case of primary osteosarcoma arising in the left ovary of a 75 year‐old female is described. The chief complaint was a sensation of lower abdominal mass. An abdominal plain film showed a large calcified mass in pelvic region, and a preoperative diagnosis of “ovarian fibroma” was made. The excised tumor was divided into 4 pieces, resembling an oyster shell. Microscopically, the tumor fragments were composed of compact bone or woven bone with surrounding atypical osteoblasts and osteoclasts. The tumor was partly composed of numerous spindle cells with malignant osteoid or atypical chondroid formation, and diagnosed as “osteosarcoma”. The cystic part of the lesion was lined with a single layer of columnar cells, but the tumor contained no other germ elements or stem cells, or malignant epithelium. Therefore, it is doubtful that this tumor originated from teratoma or malignant mixed mesodermal tumor, and we conclude that this ovarian osteosarcoma arose through a neoplastic change in ovarian stromal cells. The patient died 4 months after surgery due to intra‐abdominal and intrathoracic dissemination of the tumor.
Alpha‐fetoprotein‐producing UrachaI Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Lertprasertsuke Nirush , Tsutsumi Yutaka
Published: August 2010

A 45‐year old Japanese male with a history of macroscopic hematuria for more than 6 months presented multiple metastatic lesions in the lungs. Cystoscopic examination demonstrated a large tumor mass protruding from the dome of the urinary bladder. Ultrasonography and CT highlighted a solid and cystic urachal tumor continuous from the vesical dome to the navel. Serum levels of alpha fetoprotein (AFP) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were elevated to 17, 100 ng/ml and 17.7 ng/ml, respectively. He underwent palliative curettage of the vesical dome tumor twice, followed by chemotherapy with little effect. One year after admission, he died of progressive metastases to the lungs, left pleura, liver and brain. Final serum levels of AFP and CEA were 86, 200 ng/ml and 60.9 ng/ml, respectively. The tumor was histologically classified as adenocarcinoma with a medullary growth pattern. Both papillotubular and solid (hepatoid) components were observed. The cancer cells were rich in glycogen and were immunoreactive diffusely for AFP and focally for CEA. CA15–3, CA19–9, epithelial membrane antigen and cytokeratin were also positive. In addition, argyrophilic cancer cells with immunoreactivities of neuron‐specific enolase, chromogranin A and peptide YY were demonstrated. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of AFP producing adenocarcinoma of urachal origin.
Oncocytic Neoplasms of the Thyroid Gland
Authors: Tallini Giovanni , Carcangiu Maria Luisa , Rosai Juan
Published: August 2010

Among well differentiated thyroid tumors, oncocytic neo plasms feature a distinctive set of clinical, morphologic and biologic characteristics, some of which have been a matter of controversy. The world literature on this subject has been reviewed to show that: 1) Morphology accurately predicts the behavior of Hurthie cell tumors assuming that the specimen has been adequately sampled; 2) Capsular and/or vascular invasion is the sine qua non condition for a diagnosis of malignancy; 3) “Indeterminate” or “pos sibly malignant” categories are useless because in the absence of invasion these neoplasms almost invariably behave in a benign fashion; 4) Among cases histologically classified as malignant, a clinically aggressive behavior is to be expected in a high percentage of cases; 5) Size alone cannot be used as a criterion of malignancy; 6) Less than total thyroidectomy provides an adequate treatment for histologically benign tumors; aggressive surgical proce dures (i.e. total thyroidectomy) do not diminish the inci dence of metastasis; 7) Analysis of DNA content may be helpful in defining subsets of patients with Hurthle cell carcinomas having a particulaly poor prognosis; 8) Mito‐chondrial and/or nuclear DNA abnormalities probably play an important role in the cellular alterations which charac terize the phenotype of oncocytes. Acta Pathol Jpn 42: 305–315, 1992.
Pathological Effects of Matebrnal Hypoglycemia on Fetal Development in Cats
Authors: Okeda Riki , Shibutani Makoto , Matsuo Takashi , Tajima Tayoko
Published: August 2010

The pathogenesis of fetal brain damage caused by acute maternal hypoglycemia was investigated experimentally in cats: profound hypoglycemia (blood glucose concentration:less than 30 mg/dl) was induced in 12 pregnant cats at various stages of gestation by intravenous bolus injections of insulin. Maximal hypoglycemia was attained within 2 3 h, although the grade and duration in individual cats varied. The EEGs of all of seven maternal cats examined showed an increased frequency of slow high‐voltage waves as hypoglycemia progressed, eventually becoming flat in 3 for a maximum period of 20 min. Some fetuses showed severe neuropathological changes, such as infarction or intrauterine death. Subventricular soften ing, cortical hemorrhage and ischemic neuronal changes also occurred, being distributed symmetrically in the para‐sagittal areas of the cerebrum, basal ganglia, thalamus and tegrnentum of the brainstem. In general, these patho logical changes were more marked in fetuses and neonates than in the maternal cats, in which only ischemic neuronal changes were present, and may have been due to fetal systemic hypotension and cerebral ischemia induced by hypoglycemia. In maternal cats, the distribution of neu rons showing ischemic changes was widest in the cerebral cortex, and some were also present in the dentate gyri of the hippocampus. Moreover, ultrastructural examination of the ischemic neurons in maternal cats, unlike those of the fetuses, showed no mitochondrial swelling. Therefore, the distribution and ultrastructural nature of the ischemic neurons found in the maternal cats were considered to be characteristic of hypoglycemia, as proposed by Agardh et al. (1980). Acta Pathol Jpn 42: 316–324, 1992.
Glomerulonephritis Induced by Murine Chronic Graft‐versus‐Host Reaction
Authors: Otani Masako , Aoki Ichiro , Miyagi Yohei , Misugi Kazuaki , Aoki Akiko , Hagiwara Eri , Tan Kenji , Ishigatsubo Yoshiaki , Okubo Takao
Published: August 2010

Severe glomerulonephritis was induced successfully in (B1OxDBA/2)F1 (BDF1) mice by injection of parental DBA/2 lymphoid cells. The mice manifested typical ne‐phrotic syndrome dying around 10 weeks post injection. Electron microscopical examination demonstrated electron dense deposits first in the mesangial matrix, then in the subepithelium compatible with immune complex glomerulonephritis. Subendothelial deposits were not ob served. lmmunofluorescent study revealed IgG deposition in the capillary wall and IgM in the mesangium early in the process. As the lesion progressed, both IgG and IgM were present in the mesangial area and along the capillary wall. Some glomeruli showed segmental mesangiolysis, suggest ing that altered mesangial cells have a role in the develop ment of glomerular change, which together with rise in serum anti‐DNA antibody titer suggest that autoantibodies promote the glomerular lesions in this model system. Acta Pathol Jpn 42: 325–332, 1992.
Distribution of Antigens Detected with MB1, MB2 and MB3 on Non‐hematopoietic Human Organs and Various Tumors
Authors: Fukuda Takeaki , Ohnishi Yoshihisa , Hasegawa Tomiyoshi , Kakihara Toshio , Usuda Hiroyuki
Published: August 2010

We have examined the distribution of antigens detected by MB1, MB2 and MB3 on non‐hematopoietic normal human tissues and various types of benign and malignant tumors. MB1 and MB2 reacted with various organs, such as the epithelium of various glands, smooth muscle cells, vascular endothelial cells, and peripheral nerve tissue. The distributions of these two antibodies were essentially identical. Reactivity with MB3 was confined to the ductal eDithelium of salivary glands, the pancreas, and sweat glands, and the cortex of the adrenal gland. lmmunoblotting analysis demonstrated that MB1 and MB2 reacted with a few bands of an extract of myometrial cytoskeletal fraction and salivary gland cytosol fraction, whereas MB3 failed to show any bands on these materials. The reactivities of MB1 and MB2 with various neoplasms were similar to those in normal organs, with slight variations of staining pattern and preponderance in well differentiated tumors. Exceptionally, carcinoid tumor and small round cell tumors, such as small cell carcinoma or neuroblastoma, were not reactive with MB1 and MB2. MB3 reacted with several cases of well differentiated benign and malignant epithelial tumors in various organs, and exceptional cases of malignant schwannoma and glioma. These results indicate that the antigens detected by MB1 and MB2 are distributed broadly on non‐hematopoietic normal organs, whereas those detected by MB3 are confined to exceptional cases of epithelial and non‐epithelial tumors. Thus, although the use of MB1, MB2 and MB3 is of little value for differential diagnosis of various tumors, these three antibodies may be useful for determining of the origin of some tumor types. Acta Pathol Jpn 42: 339–346, 1992.
Meningeal Hamartoma of the Scalp A Variant of Primary Cutaneous Meningioma
Authors: Hirakawa Eiichiro , Kobayashi Shoji , Terasaka Kaoru , Ogino Tetsuro , Terai Yoshinori , Ohmori Masaki
Published: August 2010

A case of meningeal hamartoma of the scalp is reported. A 15‐year‐old girl was admitted complaining of scalp nodules in the midline occipital region. A midline skull defect was found under the nodular lesions. Histologically, the mass had a fibrocollagenous tract extending to the dura and showed an admixture of mature adipose tissue, small ves sels, strands of fibrocollagenous tissue, and scattered foci of meningocytes. lmmunohistochemically, the menin‐gocytes were positive for vimentin. Ultrastructurally, the meningocytes had scattered desmosomes, interdigitating processes, and intermediate filaments. The patient's brother also had the meningeal hamartoma of the scalp. Meningeal hamartoma as a variant of primary cutaneous meningioma is extremely rare, and this is the first report of such a case in Japan. Acta Pathol Jpn 42: 353–357, 1992.
Epithelial‐myoepithelial Carcinoma of the Parotid Gland in a Child
Authors: Morinaga Shojiroh , Hashimoto Sho , Tezuka Fumiaki
Published: August 2010

A rare case of epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma of the parotid gland, which occurred in a child, is reported. An 8 year old boy presented with swelling of the right parotid gland. He underwent total parotidectomy followed by irradiation for a parotid gland tumor. Three years after the operation, a recurrent tumor invading the base of the skull and the brain and metastases in the lung were noted. The patient expired in spite of extirpation of the intracranial recurrent tumor. The resected tumor showed a character istic histologic feature:double ‐layered tubular structures composed of inner dark cells (epithelial cells) and outer clear cells (myoepithelial cells). This patient may be the youngest one with the epithelial‐myoepithelial carcinoma reported in the literature. Acta Pathol Jpn 42: 358–363, 1992.
Primary Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma of the Lung: A Case Report with lmmunohistochemical and Ultra structural Studies
Authors: Kurotaki Hidekachi , Tateoka Hiroshi , Takeuchi Masaru , Yagihashi Soroku , Kamata Yoshimasa , Nagai Kazunori
Published: August 2010

A case of primary pulmonary mesenchymal chondrosar‐coma is reported. The tumor occurred first in the lower lobe of the right lung of a Japanese female aged 45. Three years after the first operation it metastasized to the upper lobe of the left lung. The tumors were highly cellular and composed of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells and inter spersed islands of well‐differentiated cartilaginous tissue. lmmunohistochemistry failed to detect S‐ 100 and vimentin in the undifferentiated cells. In contrast, Leu‐ 7 and blood coagulation factor Xllla were positive in these cells. Electron microscopically, undifferentiated mesenchymal cells had narrow cytoplasm with sparsity of organelles, but no intermediate‐sized filaments were detected. In the transitional areas between undifferentiated cells and cartilaginous components, thin intracytoplasmic filaments were sometimes observed in the tumor cells. The differ entiation toward cartilaginous cells of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells was suggested by immunohisto chemistry and electron microscopy. This is the first case of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma occurring in the lung with long‐ term follow‐ up. Acta Pathol Jpn 42: 364–371, 1992.
Prognostic VaIue of N‐myc Oncogene Amplification and S‐100 Protein Positivity in Children with Neuroblastic Tumors
Authors: Hachitanda Yoichi , Nakagawara Akira , Nagoshi Makoto , Tsuneyoshi Masazumi
Published: August 2010

Data on 43 neuroblastic tumors (30 neuroblastomas and 13 ganglioneuroblastomas) obtained from 22 untreated and 21 pretreated children, were analyzed to determine the correlation between N‐myc oncogene amplification and immunohistochemically identified S‐100 protein positivity. Sixteen patients In whom the tumor showed significant amplification of N‐myc (more than ten copies) died, irrespective of S‐100 protein positivity and other conventional factors. Among 27 patients with low amplification of N‐myc (less than ten copies), the estimated progression‐free survival for those whose tumors had numerous S‐100 protein‐positive cells (P group), and few or no positive cells (N group) was 75% and 17%, respectively (p<0.0001). Thus, in addition to N‐myc oncogene amplification as a reliable indicator of outcome, S‐100 protein positivity should be useful for prediction of prognosis in children with neuroblastic tumors showing low amplification of N‐myc. Correlations among these results and other clinical factors are briefly discussed. Acta Pathol Jpn 42: 639–644, 1992.
Immunohistochemical Study of Transforming Growth Factor β, Fibronectin, and Fibronectin Receptor in lnvasive Mammary Carcinomas
Authors: Oda Koji , Hori Sadaaki , Noh Hitoshi , Osamura R. Yoshiyuki , Tokuda Yutaka , Kubota Mitsuharu , Tajima Tomoo
Published: August 2010

Thirty‐one cases of mammary carcinoma were examined immunohistochemically for the expression of transforming growth factor (TGF) β, fibronectin (FN) and fibronectin receptor (FNR) in order to clarify the reason for the reported relationship between TGF β expression and a high incidence of lymph node metastasis. It was revealed that TGF β expression is closely related to the expression of FN, an intercellular matrix protein, and its cellular receptor FNR, one of the integrins. The interaction between FN and FNR in a tumor is considered to form the basis of the invasive nature of carcinoma cells. Thus, it is suggested that TGF β expression in carcinoma cells induces the interaction between FN and FNR, which may lead to carcinomatous invasion resulting in lymph nodal metastasis. Aeta Pathol Jpn 42: 645–650, 1992.
An Autopsy Case of Crow‐Fukase (POEMS) Syndrome with a High Level of IL‐6 in the Ascites Special Reference to Glomerular Lesions
Authors: Nakazawa Koh , Itoh Nobuo , Shigematsu Hidekazu , Koh Chang‐Sung
Published: August 2010

A 58‐year‐old man developed polyneuropathy, or‐ganomegaly, gynecomastia, skin pigmentation, and multiple myeloma (IgG‐Λ type). Although transient clinical improvement was obtained with prednisolone and cyclophosphamide, his general condition deteriorated progressively, and he died 3 years after onset. Lymph nodes showed angiofollicular hyperplasia, and the sural nerve revealed segmental demyellnation. At autopsy, the glomeruli were enlarged and showed mild mesangial cell proliferation with segmental mesangiolysis and proliferation of endothellal cells forming abnormal vessels. The massive volume of ascites contained a high level of inter‐leukin‐6 (IL‐6). IL‐6, a multifunctlonal cytokine, may be the pathogenic factor which induces the various clinical symptoms and pathological features of Crow‐Fukase (POEMS) syndrome. Acta Pathol Jpn 42: 651–656,1992.
Wegener's Granulomatosis Associated with Diffuse Pulmonary Hemorrhage
Authors: Yoshimum Nobuyuki , Matsubam Osamu , Tamura Atsuhisa , Kasuga Tsutomu , Mark Eugene J.
Published: August 2010

The authors report a case of Wegner's granulomatosis with the unusual manifestation of diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage. A 58‐year‐old man complained of bloody sputum and fever. Chest X‐ray films showed multiple nodular shadows in both lung fields. He was diagnosed as having Wegener's granulomatosis by transbronchial lung biopsy, which revealed necrotizing granulomatous inflammation with necrotizing vasculitis. Despite treatment with cyclo‐phosphamide and prednisolone, his condition rapidly deteriorated. An extensive diffuse alveolar shadow appeared in both lung fields in chest X‐ray films, anemia became worse, and he died of respiratory failure. Autopsy revealed diffuse alveolar hemorrhage with necrotizing capillaritis in addition to the typical pathological findings in Wegener's granulomatosis. The capillaritis was characterized by neutrophilic infiltration of alveolar septa, and fibrin thrombi in alveolar capillaries. Diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage is uncommon in Wegener's granulomatosis. However, once diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage occurs, the respiratory condition rapidly deteriorates and is life‐threatening. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment are required. Acta Pathol Jpn 42: 657–661, 1992.
Polyarteritis Nodosa with Atrophy of the Left Hepatic Lobe
Authors: Nakazawa Koh , Itoh Nobuo , Duan Hui‐Jun , Komiyama Yuichi , Shigematsu Hidekazu
Published: August 2010

A 73‐year‐old Japanese man with a history of partial gastrectomy due to gastric cancer 4 years previously was admitted because of intermittent fever. The patient developed abdominal pain, erythema, and myalgia in addition to the fever during the final clinical course, and died of acute heart failure. Autopsy disclosed atrophy of the left lobe of the liver and acute myocardial infarction. Neither metastasis nor recurrence of the cancer was observed. Small and medium‐sized arteries of the visceral organs showed various stages of necrotizing vasculitis with narrowing of the lumina. The vasculitis was most prominent in the left lobe of the liver and in the heart. Narrowing of the portal vein due to portal tract inflammation in addition to vasculitis of the hepatic arteries may have induced ischemia and infarction, which had resulted in atrophy of the left hepatic lobe. Acta Pathol Jpn 42: 662–666, 1992.
The Applications of PCR to the Diagnosis of Primary Cardiac lymphoma
Authors: Kasai Kiyoshi , Kuwao Sadahito , Sato Yuichi , Murayama Masakazu , Harano Yuji , Kameya Toru
Published: August 2010

A 75‐year old man initially complained of pollakiuria and low abdomlnal pain, and died of massive bleeding from an exacerbated gastric ulcer. The dlagnosis of primary cardiac lymphoma was made postmortem. The tumor involved only the epicardium and myocardium, which met the criteria of primary cardiac lymphoma as defined by the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. The lymphoma consisted of large cells and expressed the B cell marker, CD20. Although chronic inflammation due to chronic renal failure was observed in the pericardium around the lymphoma, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was conducted to detect monoclonality at the DNA level in lymphoma cells, which were shown to comprise a monoclonal population. Acta Pathol Jpn 42: 667–671, 1992.
An Apha‐fetoprotein‐producing Carcnoma of the Rectum
Authors: Yu Ying‐yan , Ogino Tetsuya , Okada Shigeru
Published: August 2010

A rare α‐fetoprotein (AFP) producing carcinoma that originated in the rectum of a 54‐year‐old man is reported. High levels of AFP are found in the serum (5,126 ng/ml) and homogenate of the tumor tissue (2,600 ng/g). Two morphologic patterns were noted in the tumor. One was that of well differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma and the other was more polymorphous, in which the tumor cells grow in a solid‐sheet with occasional glandular and papillary structures. Hyaline bodies and Schiller Duval body‐like structures were also found in the polymorphous area. There was a gradual transition between the well differentiated and the polymorphous area. AFP was positive in the polymorphous area and negative in the well differentiated area on immunohistochemical examination. These morphologic and imrnunohistochemical characteristics may suggest a differentiation toward embryonal carcinoma of the polymorphous component. Moreover, the polymorphous component showed marked vascular invasion and metastasis of liver as well as regional lymph nodes. AFP‐producing carcinoma cells may be more aggressive than ordinary adenocarcinoma. Acta Pathol Jpn 42: 684–687, 1992.
Breast Carcinoma in Patients Receiving Neuroleptic Therapy Morphologic and Clinicopathologic Features of Thirteen Cases
Authors: Tsubura Airo , Hatano Takehiko , Murata Akira , Shoji Tetsuji , Shikata Nobuaki , Morii Sotokichi
Published: August 2010

We report 13 cases of breast carcinoma in patients treated with neuroleptics (prolactin releasing drugs). Twelve of the patients were female and one was male. Nine patients had unicentric carcinoma, one had multicentric tumors arising synchronously, and three had bilateral tumors (synchronous in one case and metachronous in two cases). Thirteen tumors in ten patients were invasive ductal carcinomas, two tumors in one patient were mucinous carcinomas, and the two other patients had lipid secreting carcinomas. Immunohistochemical staining showed alpha lactalbumin (α LA) in the lipid‐secreting carcinomas at sites exhibiting active lipid secretion. A precise cause effect relationship is difficult to elucidate, since the patients ranged in age from 40 to 64 years (mean: 51 years) when cancer was first diagnosed. However, the relatively high incidence of multiple tumors and the production of lipid and α LA by the cancer cells were unusual features suggesting an association with neuroleptic therapy.
Light Chain Nephropathy in a 19‐mo nth‐old Boy with AIDS
Authors: Shimamura Tetsuo , Weiss Lynne S. , Walker John A. , Sherman Richard A. , Eisinger Robert P.
Published: August 2010

A 19 month old boy with AIDS developed clinically unex‐plainable proteinuria. Biopsied renal tissue was examined by light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and immunofluorescence. Findings included an increase of mesangial matrix with occasional nodular sclerosis, mesan‐gial hypercellularity, and glomerular deposits of kappa and lambda light chains. There were deposits of kappa, but not lambda, light chains in the arteriolar walls, and around the tubular and interstitial capillary basement membranes. Quantitative urinary Immunoelectrophoresis revealed an extremely high urinary concentration of kappa light chain. These changes are diagnostic of light chain nephropathy. The rarity of light chain nephropathy in childhood and its occurrence in a patient with AIDS make this case unusual.