bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hryhoriy Skovoroda’s Idea of Related Work in the Poetry of the Modernist Association “Muzaget”
Authors: Tychinina Alyona
Published: January 2023

Hryhoriy Skovoroda’s idea of the immanent existence (1722–1794) about related work in Ukrainian modernists poetry, in particular representatives of the artistic group “Muzaget” (1919) is considered as the main methodological prism that conceptualize related work of Panna, outlined with the support of V. Gorsky, L. Ushkalov, and D. Chyzhevsky. The article describes the history of creation and specifics of Kyiv post-revolutionary group of symbolists “Muzaget” activities. The literary and artistic almanac with a similar name was analyzed, where each member of the collective presented his “related” art form: poetry, prose, criticism, painting and, at the same time, recorded the affinity of individual and social (national) principles. Based on the analysis of Mykhailo Zhuk, Dmytro Zahul, Volodymyr Kobylyansky, Klym Polishchuk, Oleksa Slisarenko, Mykola Tereshchenko, Pavlo Tychyna, Pavlo Fylypovych, and Volodymyr Yaroshenko poetry, conceptual dominants have been singled out, which in general realize the creative and collective affinity of “Muzaget poetry”. The symbolism of poetic images-archetypes is outlined: God, Christ, joy, star, flower, wind, path, poet’s soul, singing, music, and dream. The functioning of antitheses and parallelisms is emphasized: the flow of human life / the impermanence of nature, life / death, earth / hell / heaven, good / evil, day / night, asceticism / holiness / sinfulness, Christ / Satan, loneliness / crowd. The polyphonic musical imagery and musicality of the poem are analyzed by using tropes, phonetic and syntactic means. It is concluded that poetic innovation, truthful exhibition of creativity and individuality, accentuation of affinity between talent and character, productive interaction of friends in popular creative collectives in the conditions and under the influence of complex historical events and ideological dilemmas of the 20-30s of the 20th century, led some Musagetists to glorious recognition, and others to the tragic consequences of the Red Renaissance.
Literary Groups of Ukrainian Romantics and the Significance of their Ideologies
Authors: Bovsunivska Tetiana
Published: January 2023

This article examines the forms of spiritual consolidation and the real number of literary associations of Ukrainian romantics. The peculiarities of the manifestation plan of each school of romanticism in Ukraine are emphasized, the leading personalities of each school are named. Attention is focused on ordering the sequence of expression of slogans and ideas and their importance for the preservation of national values in difficult times for the ethnic group. It has been emphasized that Hryhoriy Skovoroda’s cordocentrism saved the nation from assimilation during the destruction of Zaporozhian Sich, as well as during the persecution of the Cyril-Methodius brotherhood. The “heart” in Ukrainian romanticism became a symbol of piety, a key to true art, a symbol of eternal love, political independence of a Ukrainian, and even a guarantee of family well-being. All literary schools of Ukrainian romanticism develop the symbolism of the “heart” and aesthetic cordocentrism, creating a specific typological sign of the unity of the entire artistic field of Ukrainian romanticism. The number of groups in the era of romanticism in Ukraine was greater than in various national apartments of Western romanticism, due to the acute need for self-preservation and resistance to genocide and ethnocide at that time.
Mentors and Ingeborg Bachman: A Writing Workshop for a Successful Start
Authors: Isapchuk Yulia
Published: January 2023

The article studies the image of a mentor for the development of a novice author on the example of the work of the successful Austrian writer Ingeborg Bachmann (1926–1973). The role of a tutor is analysed from her first texts to the status of a Viennese intellectual in the middle of the 20th century. The direct influence of older writers and artists from the same generation on the formation of her author’s style is gradually investigated. The figure of the first mentor, the Carinthian writer and teacher Joseph Friedrich Perkonig is emphasized in the example of her early story “The Cross of Hondich” („Das Honditschkreuz”, 1943/1944) and “Letters to Felician” („Briefe an Felician”, 1946). The figure of the second mentor, the Austrian repatriate writer Hans Weigel and his writing workshop (“Group 50”) is examined. Attention is focused on H. Weigel’s autobiographical novel “Unfinished Symphony” („Unvollendete Symphonie”, 1951) and I. Bachman’s first novel “Nameless City” („Stadt ohne Namen”) on his consulting during 1947–1952. Attention is turned to the I. Bachman’s acquaintance with Paul Celan in Vienna, started the artistic dialogue between two young authors: the collection of poems “Deferred Time” („Die gestundete Zeit”, 1953) and “Invocation to the Big Dipper” („Anrufung des großen Bären”, 1956) by I. Bachman and “Poppy and Memory” („Mohn und Gedächtnis”, 1952) by P. Celan. The parallel correspondence of the author with H. Weigel and P. Celan is also compared. We study the role of Hans Werner Richter, the leader of the prominent “Group 47”, whose prize (1953) finally convinced the young author to become a professional writer. Communication with the German composer Hans Werner Henze is stressed as a coexistence of “twins in spirit” and successful intermedial tandem.
Literary Awards in the System of Book Awards in Ukraine
Authors: Levytska Oksana
Published: January 2023

Literary awards have been analyzed within the system of book awards and ratings in Ukraine; their characteristics have been studied along with the criteria for the selection of texts and editions, assessment methodology as well as the impact the awards have on the recognition of authors and their books in Ukraine and beyond. Selected for the analysis were already published texts, thus focus is placed on book awards, ratings and rankings. In order to develop a methodology for the assessment of literary works as part of book awards, their systematization under various criteria has been put forward. Distinction has been drawn between the concepts of a literary and a book award; specifics of competitions, awards and ratings have been provided. Literary awards are based on the discussion of the content, namely relevance, freshness, artistic merit, aesthetic value and others; book awards consider a totality of literary criteria and the publishing characteristics of the publication and its culture. The study concentrates on the methodology of book selection, assessment criteria, marketing potential and fiction authors-winners of a dozen of book awards, namely Book Forum Best Book Award, Book of the Year rating, BBC Book of the Year, Best Ukrainian Book (rating by Korrespondent magazine), LitAkcent of the Year, Critic’s Rating, Golden Writers of Ukraine and others. The nominations of book competitions and awards for fiction have been discussed. The specifics of each of the awards with regards to the selection and assessment of literary works has been identified along with their coverage in media, promotion of sales, impact on further assessment of the book in the system of book procurement and the potential for translations being made into other languages. Book of the Year rating, BBC Book of the Year, LitAkcent of the Year and others have been used to analyze the nominations for literary works of various genres: poetry, prose, special genre literature, belles-lettres, memoirs, documentary, scripts, drama, teenage and children’s literature.
Success Paradoxes According to Bertold Brecht
Authors: Macenka Svitlana
Published: January 2023

The article presents a detailed analysis of the elements of success in the creative activities of the renowned German writer, playwright, poet and director Bertold Brecht (1898–1956). The paper establishes that Brecht is undoubtedly one of the most successful authors of the 20th century. This is attested by his wide recognition in the sphere of theatre studies and art criticism; the prestigious awards he received; the lengthy activities of the theatre that he founded; his impact on cinema and music, jazz and chanson in particular. The aim of the study is to identify contradictions and dialecticisms explicitly aimed at the success of Bertold Brecht’s works. The research relies on the framework of culture studies literary criticism. With reference to the unique success of The Threepenny Opera premiere in 1928, proactive and purposeful activities of the author towards achieving success have been outlined: the use of music and other means of art; implementation of the idea of a work as collective creativity; involvement of mass media, advertisement and public discussion. In view of the scene of deliberation depicted in the short story “Success” about Mr. Keuner, the author’s way of thinking is characterized as paradoxical, as was his attitude towards his own achievement and failure. It is notable that in the new reception (Mr. Brecht and Success (2004) by the Portuguese writer Gonçalo M. Tavarez) attention is paid to the dialectical thinking of the German writer as a decisive factor for his successful creative career. The book by Gonçalo M. Tavarez contains stories inspired by Mr. Keuner, while on the visual level it depicts the success story of Bertold Brecht who finds himself trapped by his own accomplishment. It is, therefore, proven that despite the different elements of success and failure – commercial, artistic, popular, poetological, individual – the artist perceived them as indivisible and mutually beneficial. In his perception of success he was quite a capable manager of his own achievements and shortcomings.
Interpretation Risks (O. Wilde’s Success Markers in Historical Dynamics)
Authors: Potnitseva Tetiana
Published: January 2023

The focus of the proposed study is the analysis of the perception and interpretation of O. Wilde’s life and art in the historical dynamics with the accent on the modern period. The famous, cult writer of the end of the XIXth – the beginning of the XXth century has not lost his topicality and attractiveness nowadays due to certain turns in the social-cultural development of the new millennium. The impact of these turns and the society claims on the interpretation models are analyzed. Some representative examples of interpretation versions are given in comparison. Among them there are visualized variants of “The Picture of Dorian Gray” in famous movies, literary works of contemporary writers and literary biographies in which their authors create their own projections on the essence of O. Wilde’s life and creative art. A detailed analysis of Neil McKenna’s “The Secret Life of Oscar Wilde” (2004) is proposed. It is the latest sensational biography, in which the author opposes the conventional wisdom about the writer after Ellmann’s biography. MacKenna creates “a sexual odysseys”, focusing on O. Wilde’s sexual life which, according to biographer’s point of view, was the main reason and incentive of the writer’s creative art. One can’t but feel a certain risk of such an epatage, outrageous version which may be reclined in future because of its one vector property. But nevertheless MacKenna’s interpretation of O. Wilde’s life and art is updated by the society that feels the coincidence of its demands and claims with the biographer’s ones at the very this turn of its development.
Narrative Polyphony of Sting’s Album “Ten Summoner’s Tales” (1993)
Authors: Naumenko Nataliia
Published: January 2023

The article analyses the specifications of narrative structures and types of narrators in the song lyrics from the album “Ten Summoner’s Tales” (1993), based on “Canterbury Tales” by Geoffrey Chaucer and traditionally claimed the Magnum Opus of Sting. Apparently, Chaucerian style in all the twelve verses composing the album emerges not merely as the interpretation of original “Canterbury Tales” plots or impartment of the new features to the initial characters, but predominantly as exploitation of the lyrical and ironic intonations within an image of a narrator for a certain poem. Since a song is the synthetic generic structure marked with profound internal experience, Sting’s album reveals the diverse types of a speaker in every verse. Primarily, it is the ‘I-narrator’ embodied in poetic masks of a historian, a warrior, a saint, a gambler or a philosopher; some texts like “Fields of Gold” or “Shape of My Heart” represent the alternation of speaker types, which method of storytelling creates the special generic and narrative polyphony for a song. Subsequently, the narrative structure would determine the genre of a separate work: a detective story, a pastoral, a historical reflection, a cumulative tale, a confession, and somehow a Dante-styled epic poem. Overall, the various types of narrators in Sting’s lyrics composing “Ten Summoner’s Tales” (determined as ‘reflexive,’ ‘actor,’ ‘pointillist’ and ‘medium’ with all possible combinations) bring the elements of the author’s own vital and creative experience into the song where they gain the generalized meanings as symbols of human life, being surrounded with verbal images and amplified with musical accompaniment.
Innovative strategies to strengthen training training of future teachers
Authors: Avilés Franco Sandra María , Moeses Jiménez Karina Marisol , Delgado Lino Omar Victor
Published: January 2023

This work addresses the importance of the use of innovative strategies to strengthen the formative training of future teachers. For this reason, a documentary research and qualitative methodology has been carried out, ranging from classroom experiences that have allowed externalizing and the respective bibliographic documentation that has served as support in the search.
The digital marketing on the purchase decisions
Authors: Tapia-Bonifaz Angelita Genoveva , Santillán-Castillo Julio Roberto , Vallejo-Chávez Luz Maribel
Published: January 2023

Small and medium-sized companies in today's world require the support of technology to achieve their positioning in customer acquisition, loyalty and purchasing decisions, an aspect that involves overcoming new challenges such as facing a large, globalized and highly competitive market, as well as the incursion into a virtual environment influenced by social networks and digital channels that instantly persuade the buyer with various strategies, a phenomenon more visible in the post pandemic period in which the speed of evolution of the media and forms of marketing is evident.
Nursing evaluation of neonates with Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)
Authors: Franco Poveda Kristy Glenda , Holguín Jiménez Martha Lorena , Diaz Sol Nelfa Lissette , Ruiz Rey Daniel Alejandro
Published: January 2023

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is recognized as a set of symptoms and signs that lead to increased respiratory work, significantly affecting both preterm and term newborns admitted to the NICU. The study is a quantitative, descriptive, retrospective cross-sectional study. An indirect observation matrix was applied through the collection of medical records for the registration of statistical dataThere are 160 neonates with RDS attended annually in the NICU area. Equivalent to a sample of 113 neonates who will be selected by simple random sampling. The results showed that most of the neonates who took part in the study were male and were born during the 34th to 38th week, the main cause of RDS in neonates.
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Binaan CSR PT. Badak NGL Berbasis Pendidikan Pada Pengembangan Ekowisata Kampung Selangan Bontang
Authors: Yunika Elsa , Dwiyono Yudo , Winarti Hepy Tri , Mustangin Mustangin , Alisalman Muhamad
Published: January 2023

Pemberdayaan masyarakat merupakan proses peningkatan kapasitas masyarakat untuk memberikan daya kepada masyarakat. Pemberdayaan masyarakat dapat dilaksanakan dengan memberikan pendidikan nonformal kepada masyarakat. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kampung Selangan Kota Bontang menggunakan jenis penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode wawancara, observasi, dan studi dokumentasi. Subjek dari data narasumber terdiri dari CSR PT. Badak NGL, pengelola wisata, ketua RT 16, dan masyarakat Kampung Selangan. Teknik analisis data menggunakan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi sumber dan triangulasi teknik. Hasil penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah Tahap penyadaran pada pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui pengembangan ekowisata dinilai dari tiga aspek, yaitu persiapan sebagai langkah awal dalam memperkenalkan program pemberdayaan, sosialisasi sebagai pendekatan kepada masyarakat. Tahap transformasi pengetahuan pada pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui pengembangan ekowisata dinilai dari aspek pelatihan sebagai proses transfer pengetahuan dan menggunakan praktek lapangan sebagai pelaksanaan secara nyata dari tahapan sebelumnya. Tahap pemandirian kepada masyarakat dilaksanakan dengan memberikan peluang atau kuasa kepada masyarakat dengan memberikan bantuan kepada masyarakat.
Pemenuhan Hak Narapidana Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di Rutan Kelas IIB Purbalingga
Authors: Fijianto Hendro Mahfud , Wibowo Padmono
Published: January 2023

AbstrakSetiap warga negara yang sedang menjalani hukuman pidana penjara memiliki seperangkat hak yang diatur di dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 22 tahun 2022 dan wajib dipenuhi oleh negara. Dalam hal pemenuhan hak tersebut oleh negara melalui sebuah Lapas atau Rutan yang menjadi instansi tempat narapidana untuk menjalani hukuman. Namun saat ini dunia sedang dihadapkan dengan kondisi pandemi Covid-19 yang mana hal tersebut bisa menyebabkan ada perbedaan dalam pemenuhan hak-hak narapidana tersebut. Untuk mengetahui pemenuhan hak narapidana di masa pandemi dilakukan sebuah penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif untuk bisa menelaah yang menjadi permasalahan di dalam penelitian ini. Lokus yang dipilih untuk dilakukan penelitian adalah di Rutan Kelas IIB Purbalingga. Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan diketahui di Rutan Kelas IIB Purbalingga dalam pemenuhan hak narapidana khususnya pada masa pandemi terdapat sedikit perbedaan. Beberapa hak ada yang tetap diberikan namun dalam pelaksanaanya dikurangi atau dilakukan pembatasan. Dan ada hak yang tidak diberikan dan digantikan dengan alternatif lain seperti hak kunjungan keluarga. Kendala-kendala yang dihadapi dalam pemenuhan hak menggunakan alternatif lain untuk bisa tetap memenuhi hak narapidana. Rutan Purbalingga diharapkan lebih menekankan penerapan protokol kesehatan untuk bisa memutus mata rantai penyebaran virus dan tidak ada narapidana yang terpapar kembali.
Ombudsman Republik Indonesia Sebagai Pengawas Penyelenggaraan Pelayanan Publik Dalam Mewujudkan Good Governance Pada Tahun 2020
Authors: Faatihah Nayla Magisterani , Utomo Alifiah Salsabilla
Published: January 2023

This research discusses the performance of supervision carried out by the Ombudsman of the Republic of Indonesia as an agency that provides public services in order to realize good governance in 2020. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the performance of the Ombudsman of the Republic of Indonesia whose position is to supervise the implementation of public services in realizing good governance in Indonesia in 2020. In this study, the author used a qualitative method that went through a juridical-normative approach. In collecting the data, the researcher collected data from a wide variety of legal literature, then described according to the focus of this study. This research shows the results that the Ombudsman of the Republic of Indonesia, whose position is to supervise the implementation of public services in realizing good governance, can be said to be quite effective, especially in 2020. This is shown by the realization of the settlement of public complaints against the implementation of public services that have exceeded the target in 2020, which is evidenced by community satisfaction with several indicators such as the speed of service time and the suitability of service products that are considered good by the community. The performance of the Ombudsman of the Republic of Indonesia in realizing good governance is also supported by strengthening the general principles of good governance.

Keywords: Ombudsman, Public Services, Good Governance
TINGKAT KEPUASAN PESERTA PELATIHAN PENGABDIAN DOSEN UNIVERSITAS MALIKUSSALEH MENGGUNAKAN FUZZY AHP
Authors: Asrianda  , Razi Ar , Zulfadli
Published: January 2023

Dilatarbelakangi ketidakmapanan sebagian masyarakat terhadap problema kehidupan di era teknologi dan globalisasi. Dosen Universitas Malikussaleh dituntut untuk melaksanakan pengabdian pada masyarakat sesuai Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi. AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) merupakan metode analisis dalam pengambilan keputusan berdasarkan kuantitas, koefisien, bobot dan koofisien indeks dihitung berdasarkan urutan perangkingan. Pengambilan keputusan menggunakan metode AHP  menggunakan kriteria bersifat subjektif, dalam mengatasi permasalahan dalam pengambilan keputusan. Kepuasan peserta paling diprioritaskan adalah fasilitas dan perlengkapan. Fasilitas dan perlengkapan prioritas utama peserta pelatihan untuk mengikuti pelatihan adalah konsumsi. Persepsi peserta yang paling diminati adalah manfaat pelatihan yang didapatkan oleh peserta. Pelatihan menjadi prioritas utama kepuasan peserta pelatihan pengabdian dosen. Kriteria penyelenggara pelatihan yang menjadi prioritas utama peserta pelatihan pengalaman narasumber dalam memberikan  materi pelatihan.
Assessment of Treadmill Exercise Test Preparation in Mosul Cardiac Center
Authors: Ismaeel AL-Ridhwany Zahraa H. , Al- Najjar Zaid Abedel-Elah Mustafa , Mahdy Majeed Salah
Published: January 2023

Background: The exercise ECG has a role in articulating the clinical history through stimulating symptoms such as chest pain (which is the most common presenting complaint indicating coronary artery disease and is seen frequently by primary care physicians) and breathlessness, and prompting additional details about their symptoms so it can facilitate communication between patient and clinician as the evaluation of chest pain can be very difficult since it is possible to have a normal resting ECG with considerable narrowing of the coronary arteries.Objectives: This study sought to assess the roles of preparation for treadmill and the frequency of inconclusive result.Methods: The study sample consisted of persons of all ages and both sexes attending the exercise units during the study period in Mosul city, Iraq were included in the research and the collection of cases started from the 1st of January 2012 to 1st of June 2012.Results: The present study included a sample of 593 patients during the study period. The mean age of patients was 49±9 years. Mean age of males patients (48.7±9 years) compared with the females’ mean age (50.3±8 years) (p=0.000). The percentage of unprepared group for testing in the present study sample were 23.1%, a condition that was significantly associated with inconclusive result in general (p=0.000) and incomplete result in specific (p=0.001). On the other hand, 67.9% of patients were well prepared.Conclusion: It was concluded that patients must be well prepared for exercise tolerance test. They should not only know the purpose of the test, but also signs and symptoms that indicate the test should be stopped.
The strategy of paracetamol (acetaminophen) use in closing patent ductus arteriosus in premature neonates.
Authors: ALSuwayfee Khaleel I.
Published: January 2023

Background: Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a common problem in premature neonates which can be closed pharmacologically using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with many side effects. Recently paracetamol is used in this field when these drugs can not be used like in cases of gastrointestinal (G.I.T) bleeding or perforation, or if the patient doesn’t show response to the NSAIDs and it seems to be of good safety. To the best knowledge this is the first paper that describes in details the strategy of using paracetamol in closing PDA in premature neonates and gives recommendations about this therapy.Objective: To give a guide and recommendations about using paracetamol in closing PDA in premature neonates regarding dosage regimen, route of administration, and about how to select and evaluate the patients before and during this therapy.Patients and Methods: A web search was done in MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Cochrane library and ISI Web of Knowledge databases as well as electronic and manual screening of conference abstracts from international meetings of relevant organizations using the words acetaminophen, paracetamol, patent ductus arteriosus, preterm and premature for all English written publications (case reports, case series and studies with no date restrictions) related to the topic.Results and data synthesis: Twenty article of different types have been evaluated. Best candidates were those premature babies with hemodynamically significant (hds) PDA and had no contraindication for paracetamol therapy. Generally success rate was ranging between 70-100 % using oral or intravenous (IV) paracetamol in a dose of 30-60 mg/kg/24 hours (h) divided every 6-8 h .Therapy commonly started after 48 h of postnatal age, patients were maximally given 2 courses during 7 days period. Pretreatment evaluation included clinical, echocardiography, cranial ultrasonography, liver function tests (LFT), renal function tests (RFT) and platelet count; and the same parameters were used during daily follow up of the patients.Conclusion: Paracetamol found to be the best choice for pharmacological closure of PDA in premature neonates if they are not responding to the other NSAIDs or when they are contraindicated. Patients should not have contraindications for this therapy and paracetamol was used in a dose that is higher than the analgesic dose with special concentration on intraventricular hemorrhage, liver function, renal function and blood platelets during treatment but generally the drug is safe one with no serious complications being reported.
Daur Mu’jam Al-Ma’any Al-Iliktruni Fi Tahlil Al-Akhtha’ Al-Lughawiyah Li Al-Kitabah
Authors: Mufarokah Siti , Mukhlishoh Mukhlishoh , Solihati Septia , Sa'adah Imroatus , Hilmi Danial
Published: January 2023

The most important means for achieving the goal in teaching Arabic is that teachers use the electronic lexicon. This research aims to know the percentage of female teachers of the Department of Language Preparation at Ar-Raayah University who use Al-Ma’ani lexicon in teaching Arabic, knowing the reasons for choosing Al-Ma’ani lexicon over other dictionaries, and knowing the role of Al-Ma’ani lexicon in analyzing linguistic errors for the writing of the students of the Language Preparation Department at Ar-Raayah University. This research is a quantitative and qualitative field research using a descriptive approach based on observation and questionnaire. The results revealed that the percentage of female teachers who use the meanings lexicon in education is 100%. The conclusion of the research is that the dictionary of meanings helps female teachers to analyze written errors and also helps them to achieve the goal in education.
Model Kumon as a Learning Sequence: Improving Students’ Imla’ Writing Skills
Authors: Fudhaili Achmad
Published: January 2023

This study aims to improve the writing skills of first graders at Madrasah Diniyah Ula Baramij At-Ta'lim ‎Wa At-‎Ta'lim (MD.BAW) which consists of five classes with a total sample of 104 students by applying the Kumon model to reduce errors in writing pronouncements ', for example, letter writing errors, punctuation rules (tanwin), use of mad letters, connecting letters, and shifting letter sounds which have an impact on changing the meaning of a sentence. This ‎type of ‎research uses Classroom Action Research through ‎four cycles with ‎four stages proposed by Kurt Lewin: planning, action, ‎observation, and reflection. While the data ‎collection techniques ‎were carried out using observation, ‎interviews, pre-test, Kumon ‎worksheets, observation ‎instruments, field notes, and ‎documentation. Qualitative data analysis uses the model put forward by Miles and Huberman namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. As for the quantitative data using the Anas Sudijono percentage instrument by calculating the percentage frequency and the amount.  The results of this study indicate that improving writing skills using the Kumon model was successfully carried out through four cycles by always providing motivation, observing, guiding, and providing intensive training in each cycle so that students can write more independently, thoroughly, and in an orderly manner according to the rules of Imla'.
Application of Polyethylene Cling Film to Underpin Moist Burn Wound Therapy
Authors: Abdullah Aldoori Qutaiba , Mohamed Albyti Aasem , Mustafa Hussein Muthanna
Published: January 2023

Background

Dermal burns (partial thickness burns) are the most painful trauma with two types of pain background pain with additional procedural pain, one of the best tolerable mode of treatment that commonly used now adays is treatment with MEBT ointments to maintain the moist and warm wound environment suitable for regeneration of epidermal cells, and to reduces pain. Moist wound dressings retain moisture, heat, body fluids, and biofilm with medication. The assumption is that the polyethylene film will maintain the ointment and its effect more than to be used merely. Patients and methods Prospective study to evaluate treatment of patients with partial thickness burns conservatively with MEBT ointment as a control group and MEBT ointment + Cling Film, 63 patients being admitted to the burn center at Azadi teaching hospital during a period of one year starting from June 2018 till June 2019. The inclusion criteria including all patients between 10-95% partial thickness burns of various age, sex and skin types.

Results

Very much decrease in procedural and background pain, better joint movement in physiotherapy decrease in crust formation, increase maceration of eschar, better cost- effectiveness, less days of hospital stay.

Aim

in Iraq circumstances we have to use the most cost effective measures to reach our goals in managing the burn wounds the moist trend which is now being proved it gives better healing with less pain, with best criteria of wound dressing .

Conclusion

Easily applicable, less painful, non-coasty over all, better condition of patient during course of management, reduced length of hospital stay and lower treatment costs, appropriate wound healing with living tissue , less joint stiffness problems.
Country Risk Effects and Government Domestic Debt Nexus in South Africa
Authors: Habanabakize Thomas , Dickason-Koekemoer Zandri
Published: January 2023

Country risk rating is one of the factors that determine the stability of a given country’s economy and the government's access to both domestic and foreign loans. This paper aimed at assessing the relationship that exists between country risk rating and the South African government's access to domestic debts or loans. Monthly data from January 2008 to December 2019 was investigated using the ARDL bounds testing approach and the error correction model (ECM). The findings of this paper indicated that all country risk components (economic, financial and political) have a significant long-run effect on government domestic debt. While economic and financial risk scores have a positive effect on government debts, an inverse relationship was found between political risk and government debt. These results imply that in order to be independent of foreign debt which comes with terms and conditions; policymakers and the South African government leaders should strive to sustain the stability of the economy and the country’s financial conditions.
Effects of Government Expenditure on Foreign Exchange Reserves: Evidence for Namibia
Authors: Manuel Victoria , Mbazima-Lando Daisy , Naimhwaka Erwin
Published: January 2023

The study empirically investigated the effects of government expenditure on FX reserves in Namibia. Using quarterly data, the study applied the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) cointegration technique to examine the relationship between FX reserves and government expenditure, the exchange rate, external borrowing, current account balance and M2 over the period ranging from 2002 to 2020. The results show that an increase in government expenditure reduces FX reserves. Furthermore, increase in foreign debt, current account balance and M2 increases the level of FX reserves, while an appreciation of the effective exchange rate reduces FX reserves. The study, therefore, concludes that high government expenditure and increase in foreign borrowing impacts FX reserves. These findings suggest that developments in government expenditure may hinder monetary policy effectiveness.  Based on these findings, the study recommends the continuation of fiscal consolidation to reduce fiscal deficits and government debt. Similarly, it is important to ensure macroeconomic balance and appropriate coordination between fiscal and monetary policies.
Analysing the Factors Affecting the Long-term Investment Intention of Investors
Authors: Sune Ferreira-Schenk  , Dickason-Koekemoer Zandri
Published: January 2023

The intention of investors to invest over a long term is generally aimed toward stable returns and low liquidity. The framework of this article looks at the theoretical concepts, investor characteristics and investor bias in a risk profile that could influence investors' intent to invest over the long term. Based on traditional investment theory, investment companies acknowledge the impact of risk tolerance on the desired investment horizon of investors. However, traditional risk assessments are limited since they omit variables like personality measures and behavioural finance biases which could affect an investor’s long-term investment intentions. The unfavourable results might be less accurate investor profiles and an investment portfolio not meeting the required return objective. This study included a sample size of 593 private investors. The results indicated that personality traits (extraversion, openness to experience), risk tolerance, and behavioural biases (overconfidence bias) significantly influence long-term investment intentions. By incorporating the above-mentioned factors, financial planners and institutions can more accurately profile their clients and offer financial products that are more suitable for the investor's needs.
Valuation of Corporate Debt and Equity in Uncertain Markets
Authors: Matenda Frank Ranganai , Chirima Justin , Sibanda Mabutho
Published: January 2023

In practice, financial decisions are made in the context of indeterminacy. Randomness, uncertainty, and fuzziness are three basic types of indeterminacy. A multiplicity of differential equations have been designed to depict various processes powered by different kinds of indeterminacy. Among others, these differential equations include uncertain differential equations, stochastic differential equations, and fuzzy differential equations. In this study, we propose that the value of a firm can be described by an uncertain differential equation powered by a geometric canonical Liu process. Uncertain differential equations describe processes driven by uncertainty. Implementing the uncertain Liu option pricing theory, we develop and analyse a framework for valuing debt and equity for a levered firm in uncertain markets. Numerical calculations are demonstrated.
Real Exchange Rate of Moroccan Currency: Appreciated or Depreciated?
Authors: Lezar Mohammed Amine
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we measure and evaluate the real parity of the Moroccan dirham during the period 1980-2020. The objective is to highlight the evolution of the real exchange rate of the dirham, and in particular to show if whether it has been overvalued against currencies of the main trading partners and competitors of Morocco. Contrary to many studies which used a simple method to calculate the real parity which consisted of assigning each country of the main trading partners a relative weight equivalent to its share in Morocco's external trade, we calculate the weights by combining both bilateral import weights and a double weighting for export to reflect both importance of each country in Morocco's import and export as well as the degree of competition of exporters in usual third markets. Calculation of real parity of the dirham reveals three main periods: a strong depreciation during 1980-1990; an appreciation during the period 1991-2000; and a resumption of a weaker depreciation for the last period (2001-2020). These trends are related to both changes in nominal effective exchange rate and in relative prices. Results obtained in the present paper are generally close to those calculated by the International Monetary Fund for Morocco and are strongly correlated with them and the trends in both remain the same.
The Realities and Expectations of Calculating Government Service Costs: An Analysis of Jordanian Hospitals
Authors: Alqudah Obiedah Mohammad , Al Dabei Safrul Moath
Published: January 2023

The goal of this study is to look at how government service expenses are calculated and analysed in Jordanian hospitals to direct health spending in the hospitals of the ministry of health of Jordan for 2021. ABC systems encourage hospitals to use, improve, and evolve in order to save government spending. The theoretical analysis's most significant conclusions were that the process of computing service costs was wrong and did not rely on the cost accounting system of activities or others. Furthermore, the calculation technique has resulted in a significant disparity in the cost of calculating each service from one hospital to the next, proving the inadequacies of the calculation approach. The study indicates that the Health Activity-Based Costing System (ABC) be activated to monitor expenditures, especially medical and healthcare disposables, in order to decrease waste costs; that pay-outs on the system be linked to high involvement files; and that an inventory is conducted at the close of every year to guarantee that the stock fits actual spending.
Viewpoints in Global Value Chains: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Bosire Eric Mokwaro
Published: January 2023

The aim of this paper is interrogate various perspective such as Investments, Infrastructure, Governance and Macroeconomic factors and how they influence global value chains in sub Saharan Africa. Data was derived from 37 sub Saharan Africa countries for the period 2003 to 2018. Panel corrected Standard Errors estimation model was adopted in analysis. Both the direct relationships and controlled relationships were tested. Macro-economic factors such as GDP growth rate, exchange rate, inflation rate and Interest rates were used as controlling factors. The paper established a significant influence of Investments on Global value chains and that it can explain up to 45 per cent of the variation. Similarly, infrastructure has a significant influence on global value chains in sub Saharan Africa and that it can explain up to 67 per cent of the variations. Governance also has a significant influence on global value chains and it can explain up to 10 per cent of the variations. The overall model was significant with a 76 per cent explanation of the variation in global value chains in sub Saharan Africa. Therefore, the paper recommends for a promotion of value added manufacturing, and an integration in global value chains. Further, the paper recommends for enhanced resource allocation to infrastructure development to aid in the reduction of the production cost and to stream line governance.
Historic Spatial Inequality and Poverty along Racial Lines in South Africa
Authors: Shahaboonin Faraaz , David Oladipo Olalekan , Wyk Abigail Van
Published: January 2023

South Africa faces many socio-economic challenges, which include sluggish economic growth, increasing unemployment rates, increasing inequality, and  high  poverty levels., This paper focused on examining how spatial inequality causes these socio-economic issues. The main thrust of the paper is to briefly investigate two major aspects, firstly the root cause of spatial inequality in South Africa, and secondly the impact that spatial inequality has on socio-economic indicators such as economic inequality, poverty, and employment levels. This research used a mixed methodology approach. Empirical research findings proved that apartheid policies contributed to high levels of poverty and inequality in South Africa. As the empirical results show, the existing inequalities in South Africa are predominantly based on a racial sub-group basis, which confirms the causal relationship with historic apartheid spatial policies enforced on a racial basis. Primary research findings depicted that the post-apartheid era is characterised by high poverty levels and huge inequality with the bulk of blacks exposed to diverse macro-economic challenges.  Policy recommendation-wise, it was suggested that the government should continue to redress the systems of apartheid and use policies that help to eradicate poverty.
Do Payment Technology Innovations Affect Currency Demand in Tunisia?
Authors: Mbazia Nadia
Published: January 2023

This study investigates the impact of non-cash payment technologies on demand for currency in Tunisia using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) cointegration approach from  2010M12 to 2018M7.  In this context, our findings indicate a negative influence of EFT-POS terminals on currency demand. We have also shown that the demand for currency is positively influenced by the increase in the number of ATMs and the volume of transactions made by bank cards in circulation, reflecting the frequent use of cards to receive cash in Tunisia.   Whereas, the impact of increase in check payments on demand for currency is negative and not significant. The empirical evidence shows that there is preference for cash in payment habits by Tunisian consumers.  So, it should be noted that despite the development of payment systems, cash still attractive and an easier substitute for non-cash payments in Tunisia.
European Regional Integration and its Partnership with Türkiye: An Assessment of the Specific Customs Union
Authors: Saatcioglu Cem , Celikok Kaan
Published: January 2023

International economic integrations, especially after the end of World War II, result from the long-term goals of establishing political unity based on countries' orientation towards their common economic interests. Customs unions, in which states abolish tariffs among themselves and apply common tariffs to third countries, are the next advanced stage of international integration after free trade zones. While customs unions eliminate tariffs and related taxes in trade within their jurisdiction, they also establish a common external tariff. This entails some asymmetrical disadvantages for the countries within the Union. A new step by Türkiye in its efforts to integrate with the West was its application to join the EEC in 1959. The Customs Union, defined by the Ankara Agreement signed in 1963, came into effect in 1996 as a result of the agreement made at the meeting of the Association Council of 6 March 1995 adopted "Customs Union Decision". The aim of this study is to examine the bilateral trade impact of the Customs Union between Türkiye and the EU. H1: Which fields should be included in the customs union between Türkiye and the EU? H2: How will the inclusion of trade in digital goods and services in the Customs Union affect EU-Türkiye trade? The results from the analysis covering the years of 1996-2021 showed that the Customs Union has had a positive but limited effect for the trade between EU-Türkiye. The customs union needs to be updated taking into account public procurement, agriculture and digital services.
Investigating Causality And Market Contagion During Periods Of Financial Distress And Its Implications
Authors: Enow Samuel Tabot
Published: January 2023

Purpose: A notable observation in the literature of financial markets is the debate on market contagion and causality. During periods of financial distress, global financial markets experience record low market prices partly due to the spread of fear. It was therefore necessary to investigate market contagions using causality relationships during periods of financial distress.
Methodology: A unit root test, Granger causality and Test for equality of means was used as the blueprint. The sample periods where December 1, 2007 to June 30, 2009 and January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2021.
Findings: Contrary to the perceptions that prevails in most stock markets during distress, there was little empirical evidence to support market contagions. Although very few markets are indeed related.
Originality/Value: The implications of this study extends the efficient market hypothesis concept to market efficiency during periods of financial distress. It is evident that financial markets display greater efficiencies during periods of financial distress. This study is the first to investigate market contagion during periods of distress as per author’s knowledge.
The Relation between CEO Reputation, Financial Distress, Internal Control, and Earnings Management
Authors: Edi Edi
Published: January 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of internal control and financial distress on earnings management and add the CEO’s reputation as a moderating variable. The object of this study is to determine the companies that listed on Indonesia Stock Exchanges between 2019 and 2020. The research data were tested and analyzed using panel regression analysis on SmartPLS software. Methodology: The research sample is chosen using the purposive sampling technique. Data analysis for the study employed the SmartPLS program. This research used accrual earnings management to measure the earnings management, springate model to measure financial distress, internal control index to measure internal control and CEO’s reputation index is used to measure CEO’s reputation.
Findings: The research results found that financial distress and internal control positively affect earnings management. In addition, this research results also found that a CEO’s reputation can have a moderately significant and positive effect on the relationship between financial distress and earnings management.
Originality/Value: This research finding is helpful for corporate governance in maximizing investment strategies. The consideration of the value of internal control is also a reference when investing. As such, it tends to assist company management in executing investment strategies to see the value of the CEO's reputation and internal controls. The novelty research provides new insight into how CEO’s reputation moderates the relationship between financial distress and earning management.
Contributions of Capitals to Chinese International Graduates’ Employability in Australia
Authors: Tang Melody
Published: January 2023

This research explores the employability of Chinese international graduates in the Australian labor market. It captures the significance of six forms of capital (i.e., human, social, cultural, psychological, identity, and agentic) to Chinese international graduates when they develop their careers in Australia. The research employed Bourdieu’s theory of practice and a capitals-based approach as the theoretical framework. Data were collected via an online survey (N=203) and in-depth interviews (N=14). The findings reveal that in addition to getting employments in Australia, the graduates also benefited from developing and utilizing these six capitals in terms of sustainable employments, professional growth, and well-being. As such, this research argued for a broad definition of employability which include different capitals as the inputs and different aspects of employability outcomes as the outputs, namely, employment outcomes, sustainable employments, professional growth, and well-being. The findings also implied that various stakeholders should share responsibilities to support international students in building multiple capitals.