bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enantioselective synthesis of triarylmethanes via organocatalytic transfer hydrogenation of para-quinone methides
Authors: Han Zhengyu , Zang Yu , Liu Chang , Guo Wengang , Huang Hai , Sun Jianwei
Published: May 2022

An organocatalytic asymmetric reduction of in situ formed para-quinone methides has been developed for the synthesis of enantioenriched triarylmethanes.
Experimental and computational studies on the Cinchona anchored calixarene catalysed asymmetric Michael addition reaction
Authors: Sharma Pragati R , Malik Apoorva , Bandaru Sateesh , Vashisth Kanika , Rana Nirmal K , Sharma Rakesh K
Published: May 2022

We report lower-rim Cinchona anchored calix[4]arene cationic catalysts for the enantioselective Michael addition reaction.
Isothiourea-catalysed enantioselective radical conjugate addition under batch and flow conditions
Authors: del Río-Rodríguez Roberto , Westwood Matthew T. , Sicignano Marina , Juhl Martin , Fernández-Salas Jose A. , Alemán José , Smith Andrew D.
Published: May 2022

The photocatalytic generation of α-amino radicals is combined with chiral isothiourea derived α,β-unsaturated acyl ammonium intermediates to generate γ-lactams in good yields and enantioselectivities under batch and flow conditions.
KOtBu-promoted C3-homocoupling of quinoxalinones through single electron transfer from an sp2 carbanion intermediate
Authors: Kwon Na Yeon , Mishra Neeraj Kumar , Park Jung Su , Woo Sang Kook , Ghosh Prithwish , Kim In Su
Published: May 2022

An efficient protocol for the C3-homocoupling reaction of quinoxalinones with potassium tert-butoxide is described. The detailed mechanistic pathway on the single electron transfer (SET) process has been proposed.
Multiple crystallization pathways of amorphous calcium carbonate in the presence of poly(aspartic acid) with a chain length of 30
Authors: Huang Wenyang , Wang Qihang , Chi Wenhao , Cai Meng , Wang Rongjie , Fu Zhengyi , Xie Jingjing , Zou Zhaoyong
Published: May 2022

Amorphous calcium carbonate transforms into crystalline calcite or vaterite with different morphologies via multiple crystallization pathways in the presence of poly(aspartic acid) with a chain length of 30 at different concentrations.
2.79 μm laser performance of a 968 nm LD side-pumped Er:LuYSGG mixed crystal
Authors: Dong Kunpeng , Sun Dunlu , Zhang Huili , Luo Jianqiao , Zhao Xuyao , Quan Cong , Hu Lunzhen , Han Zhiyuan , Qiao Yang , Chen Yuwei , Cheng Maojie
Published: May 2022

We demonstrate the laser performance of a 968 nm LD side-pumped Er:LuYSGG crystal rod by optimizing the cavity length and output coupler transmission.
High-efficiency photoreduction of CO2 in a low vacuum
Authors: Liu Yuxin , Kang Shuai , Li Tinghua , Hu Zhuofeng , Ren Yiwei , Pan Ziwei , Fu Xie , Wang Liang , Feng Shuanglong , Luo Jinling , Feng Lei , Lu Wenqiang
Published: May 2022

The CH4 yield increased dramatically as the vacuum degree increased from barometric pressure to −80 kPa in dilute CO2.
Why does 2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethanol have superior CO2 separation performance to monoethanolamine? A computational study
Authors: Aso Daiki , Orimoto Yuuichi , Higashino Makoto , Taniguchi Ikuo , Aoki Yuriko
Published: May 2022

The high CO2 separation performance of 2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethanol can be theoretically explained by the high sorption ability of its primary amine and the high desorption ability of its secondary amine.
Double-doped YVO4 nanoparticles as optical dual-center ratiometric thermometers
Authors: Kolesnikov Ilya E. , Mamonova Daria V. , Kurochkin Mikhail A. , Medvedev Vassily A. , Bai Gongxun , Ivanova Tatiana Yu. , Borisov Evgenii V. , Kolesnikov Evgenii Yu.
Published: May 2022

A series of double-doped YVO4 nanoparticles demonstrated contactless optical thermometry within the 298–573 K range using a ratiometric approach.
Polycatenanes: synthesis, characterization, and physical understanding
Authors: Liu Guancen , Rauscher Phillip M. , Rawe Benjamin W. , Tranquilli Marissa M. , Rowan Stuart J.
Published: May 2022

Polycatenanes are a class of polymers that contain interlocked rings. This review explores the different polycatenane architectures with a focus on their synthesis, properties, simulation, and modelling.
Three rare-earth incorporating 6-peroxotantalo-4-selenates and catalytic activities for imidation reaction
Authors: Du Weixin , Liu Yufeng , Sun Junjun , Wang Haiying , Yang Guoping , Zhang Dongdi
Published: May 2022

Herein we present three new selenotantalate-based lanthanide derivatives with good catalytic activities for imidation reactions.
Vapor and heat dual-drive sustainable power for portable electronics in ambient environments
Authors: Bai Jiaxin , Hu Yajie , Guang Tianlei , Zhu Kaixuan , Wang Haiyan , Cheng Huhu , Liu Feng , Qu Liangti
Published: May 2022

A highly efficient vapor and heat dual-drive electric generator provides a high short-circuit current density and can work as a personal energy supply system to support wearable devices under real, natural scenarios in different seasons.
Racemization-free and scalable amidation of l-proline in organic media using ammonia and a biocatalyst only
Authors: Pitzer Julia , Steiner Kerstin , Schmid Christian , Schein Viktor K. , Prause Christoph , Kniely Claudia , Reif Michaela , Geier Martina , Pietrich Elena , Reiter Tamara , Selig Philipp , Stückler Clemens , Pöchlauer Peter , Steinkellner Georg , Gruber Karl , Schwab Helmut , Glieder Anton , Kroutil Wolfgang
Published: May 2022

This work describes the biocatalytic amidation of l-proline with ammonia, resulting in a process with optimized atom efficiency giving prolinamide in an optically pure form (ee >99%). Detailed enzyme and reaction engineering studies are provided.
Catalytic conversion of high S-lignin to a sustainable tri-epoxide polymer precursor
Authors: Liu Baoyuan , Sanchez Melissa , Truong Julianne , Ford Peter C. , Abu-Omar Mahdi M.
Published: May 2022

More than 40 million tons of thermosetting plastics are produced annually and 70% of those are epoxy polymers. Propylpyrogallol made from genetically modified high-S lignin provides a pathway for making renewable thermoset plastics.
Unravelling binding effects in cyclodextrin inclusion complexes with diamondoid ammonium salt guests
Authors: Alešković Marija , Roca Sunčica , Jozepović Ruža , Bregović Nikola , Šekutor Marina
Published: May 2022

A hydrophobic tornado – complexation of diamondoid ammonium salts with cyclodextrins in water.
Photogenerated aryl mesylate and aryl diethyl phosphate radical cations: a time-resolved spectroscopy investigation
Authors: Bonesi Sergio M. , Protti Stefano , Capucciati Andrea , Fagnoni Maurizio
Published: May 2022

The photoinduced electron transfer reaction of selected aryl sulfonates and phosphates with K2S2O8 in a MeCN water (9 : 1) mixture has been investigated by LFP experiments.
The doping of B in ZnO/CdS for enhanced visible-light H2 production
Authors: Wang Deling , Wen Wu , Li Weiping , He Guangxiang , Zhang Chao
Published: May 2022

A B-ZnO/CdS heterojunction composite was prepared and its H2 production activity was enhanced up to 13 100 μmol h−1 g−1.
Correction: Developing electropositive citric acid–polyethylenimine carbon quantum dots with high biocompatibility and labeling performance for mesenchymal stem cells in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Jiang Bo , Yang Hui , Guo Ying , Liu Cong , Song Hua , Zhou Panpan , Zhang Haiwei , Zhou Kangxin , Guo Yong , Chen Hongwei
Published: May 2022

Correction for ‘Developing electropositive citric acid–polyethylenimine carbon quantum dots with high biocompatibility and labeling performance for mesenchymal stem cells in vitro and in vivo’ by Bo Jiang et al., New J. Chem., 2022, 46, 2508–2517, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/D1NJ04990A.
One-step coordination of metal–phenolic networks as antibacterial coatings with sustainable and controllable copper release for urinary catheter applications
Authors: Huang Zhimao , Zhang Dawei , Gu Qinwei , Miao Jiru , Cen Xiao , Golodok Robert Petrovich , Savich Vadim Victorovich , Ilyushchenko Alexander Phyodorovich , Zhou Zhansong , Wang Rong
Published: May 2022

A facile and effective coating based on metal–polyphenol coordination was developed for urinary catheters, which exhibited great inhibitory capability against biofilm formation and encrustation, and excellent biocompatibility in vitro and in vivo.
Correction: Reactions of [60]fullerene with alkynes promoted by OH−
Authors: Chang Wei-Wei , He Fa-Gui , García-Peñas Alberto , Shekh Mehdihasan I. , Li Zong-Jun
Published: May 2022

Correction for ‘Reactions of [60]fullerene with alkynes promoted by OH−’ by Wei-Wei Chang et al., RSC Adv., 2022, 12, 14018–14021. https://doi.org/10.1039/D2RA01300B.
Color-tunable persistent luminescence in 1D zinc–organic halide microcrystals for single-component white light and temperature-gating optical waveguides
Authors: Zhou Bo , Yan Dongpeng
Published: May 2022

1D zinc–organic halide microcrystals exhibiting thermally assisted spectral separation of fluorescence and phosphorescence could be used as single-component standard white-light and temperature-gating active waveguides.
Micellar assembly leading to structural growth/transition in normal and reverse Tetronics® in single and mixed solution environment
Authors: Patel Dhruvi , Ray Debes , Aswal Vinod K. , Kuperkar Ketan , Bahadur Pratap
Published: May 2022

Untying thermoresponsive self-association illustrating the micellar growth/transition in branched block polyether Tetronics ® with alternating blocks in single and mixed aqueous solution.
Recent advances in biomaterial-assisted cell therapy
Authors: Chen Yu , Pal Samira , Hu Quanyin
Published: May 2022

This review summarizes the recent research progress in various cell therapies and surveys the biomaterials developed to assist cell-based therapeutics for wide applications in diverse disease treatments.
Analysis of Health Disparities in the Screening and Diagnosis of Hearing Loss: Early Hearing Detection and Intervention Hearing Screening Follow-Up Survey
Authors: Nicholson Nannette , Rhoades Ellen A. , Glade Rachel E.
Published: May 2022

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to (a) provide introductory literature regarding cultural constructs, health disparities, and social determinants of health (SDoH); (b) summarize the literature regarding the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Early Hearing Detection and Intervention (EHDI) Hearing Screening Follow-Up Survey (HSFS) data; (c) explore the CDC EHDI HSFS data regarding the contribution of maternal demographics to loss-to-follow-up/loss-to-documentation (LTF/D) between hearing screening and audiologic diagnosis for 2016, 2017, and 2018; and (d) examine these health disparities within the context of potential ethnoracial biases.

Method:

This is a comprehensive narrative literature review of cultural constructs, hearing health disparities, and SDoH as they relate to the CDC EHDI HSFS data. We explore the maternal demographic data reported on the CDC EHDI website and report disparities for maternal age, education, ethnicity, and race for 2016, 2017, and 2018. We focus on LTF/D for screening and diagnosis within the context of racial and cultural bias.

Results:

A literature review demonstrates the increase in quality of the CDC EHDI HSFS data over the past 2 decades. LTF/D rates for hearing screening and audiologic diagnostic testing have improved from higher than 60% to current rates of less than 30%. Comparisons of diagnostic completion rates reported on the CDC website for the EHDI HSFS 2016, 2017, and 2018 data show trends for maternal age, education, and race, but not for ethnicity. Trends were defined as changes more than 10% for variables averaged over a 3-year period (2016–2018).

Conclusions:

Although there have been significant improvements in LTF/D over the past 2 decades, there continue to be opportunities for further improvement. Beyond neonatal screening, delays continue to be reported in the diagnosis of young children with hearing loss. Notwithstanding the extraordinarily diverse families within the United States, the imperative is to minimize such delays so that all children with hearing loss can, at the very least, have auditory accessibility to spoken language by 3 months of age. Conscious awareness is essential before developing a potentially effective plan of action that might remediate the problem.
Adaptive bus‐voltage control of ship power system with online fluctuation prediction
Authors: Wang Bo , Peng Xiuyan , Zhang Lanyong , Su Peng
Published: May 2022

To ensure the power quality of a ship power system under disturbances due to changing sea states, an adaptive bus‐voltage controller with online load power fluctuation prediction is proposed to stabilize the ship bus voltage. The controller uses an online sequence extreme learning machine to update the output weight matrix and achieve an accurate online prediction of the ship load power fluctuations under the disturbance of random uncertainties. A stable additional control signal is provided to the bus‐voltage controller for adaptive operation. The prediction results are used to optimize the coordinated control of multiple generation systems and improve the bus‐voltage control performance by updating the droop control coefficients online. The adaptability provided by the online prediction algorithm and the performance of the bus‐voltage control are verified using recorded voyage data of an offshore marine engineering transport vessel.
Poisson multi‐Bernoulli mixture filters with coloured measurement noise
Authors: Li Wenjuan , Lu Xingyu , Lu Aihong , Gu Hong , Su Weimin
Published: May 2022

To solve multitarget tracking (MTT) problems with coloured measurement noise, this study proposes a Poisson multi‐Bernoulli mixture filter with coloured measurement noise (PMBM‐CMN) and a robust PMBM‐CMN filter. By using the measurement differencing method and state augmentation approach, the proposed PMBM‐CMN filter transforms a state estimation problem with coloured measurement noise into a problem with white measurement noise. However, covariances of the true process and measurement noise in the proposed PMBM‐CMN filter are time‐varying and unknown, which may degrade the filtering performance. Therefore, a robust PMBM‐CMN filter is proposed for estimating the augmented state, including the kinematic state, the predicted state covariance, and the white measurement noise covariance. For linear Gaussian systems, the augmented state is modelled as a Gaussian inverse Wishart inverse Wishart (GIWIW) distribution. The variational Bayesian method is also employed to guarantee the conjugacy of the GIWIW density. Simulation results demonstrate the ability of the PMBM‐CMN filter to solve MTT problems with coloured measurement noise and show that the robust PMBM‐CMN filter based on the GIWIW model (GIWIW‐PMBM‐CMN) has the best overall performance in comparison with existing state‐of‐the‐art filters.
Coupling reactor design and scenario calculations: a promising method for scenario optimization
Authors: Tirel Kévin , Kooyman Timothée , Coquelet-Pascal Christine , Merle Elsa
Published: May 2022

The link between reactor design studies and scenarios calculations is usually sequential. From a list set of objectives, a reactor design is produced and passed to the scenarist in the form of a numeric irradiation model. This approach assumes that the reactor design is fixed from the scenarist perspective. The method presented in this article proposes to use a flexible reactor model, built with artificial neural networks, that gives the possibility to the scenarist to change a reactor design directly during the scenario calculations. Doing so, the reactor design is no longer an imposed parameter but a tool to find new optimal trajectories. Moreover, this flexible model is able to exploit the historical loaded fuel compositions generated by the scenario calculations in order to monitor the reactor performances over time. In this paper, the flexible reactor model construction is detailed and the interest of such method is highlighted with an application case that consists in the transition from a PWR fleet, similar to the French one, towards a PWR − SFR fleet stabilizing plutonium inventory.
Research on the Judicial Expertise of Electronic Evidence Based on Blockchain
Authors: Zhang Bo
Published: May 2022

Give full play to the advantages of blockchain technology, guarantee the consensus of public credit institutions with the help of hierarchical nodes, and form a judicial alliance chain, so that the public can participate in the data verification activities of electronic evidence in the form of organizations, promoting the socialization and development of judicial activities. By using the credible time-stamp evidence, the judicial block chain presents the extremely formidable application superiority, the node verification based on the block chain consensus mechanism, is helpful to form the block chain judicial system which has the extremely application prospect. Through the analysis of the practical application and application prospect of the judicial block chain, the author makes a complete analysis of the idea of the electronic evidence judicial appraisal based on the block chain.
Towards a framework to combine multiobjective optimization and econometrics and an application in economics of education
Authors: Luque Mariano , Marcenaro-Gutierrez Oscar D. , González-Gallardo Sandra , Ruiz Ana B.
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we propose a theoretical framework that combines econometric and multiobjective programming methodologies to help researchers to identify and achieve optimal solutions to socio-economic and management problems. Sometimes, it is important to analyse which combination of values of the explanatory variables -in an econometric model- would imply the simultaneous achievement of the best values of the response variables. In such situations, if certain degree of conflict is observed among the response variables, we propose to formulate a multiobjective optimization problem based on the conclusions obtained from a regression analysis. Subsequently, the application of multiobjective optimization techniques allows gaining a better insight about the conflicting relation between the response variables, and how a balanced “optimal” situation among them could be achieved. This piece of information can be hardly extracted just by econometric techniques. An application in the field of economics of education, related to the analysis of the students’ well-being as a way to improve their academic performance, demonstrates the potential of our proposal.
Shared motivations, goals and values in the practice of personal science: a community perspective on self-tracking for empirical knowledge
Authors: Senabre Hidalgo Enric , Ball Mad P. , Opoix Morgane , Greshake Tzovaras Bastian
Published: May 2022

Some individuals do not limit their self-tracking efforts to passively collecting and observing gathered data about themselves, but rather develop it into forms of self-research and self-experimentation, also called “personal science”. This type of N-of-1 research is relevant to the fields of personal informatics, patient-led research and social studies of science, but as a knowledge generation practice is still poorly understood. To fill this gap, we conducted 22 semi-structured interviews to investigate the intrinsic and extrinsic motivations of individuals engaging in personal science activities, as well as shared goals and values present in self-research communities. Our analysis is based on a conceptual framework that integrates previous approaches in self-research, as well as in connection with citizen science, the scientific ethos and cooperation in peer production. We identify how self-researchers seek to go beyond personal metrics about their health and wellbeing regarding data provided by wearables, are engaged over time by individual involvement in technology and scientific-related activity, and collaborate following similar goals and values when learning and sharing empirical knowledge with peers. In this sense, personal science can be understood as a specific type of citizen science and an example of a more participatory and inclusive scientific culture driven by self-reflection, critical thinking and openness.
Calibration and performances of the MicrOmega instrument for the characterization of asteroid Ryugu returned samples
Authors: Riu Lucie , Pilorget Cédric , Hamm Vincent , Bibring Jean-Pierre , Lantz Cateline , Loizeau Damien , Brunetto Rosario , Carter John , Lequertier Guillaume , Lourit Lionel , Okada Tatsuaki , Yogata Kasumi , Hatakeda Kentaro , Nakato Aiko , Yada Toru
Published: May 2022

MicrOmega, a miniaturized near-infrared hyperspectral microscope, has been selected to characterize in the laboratory the samples returned from Ryugu by the Hayabusa2 mission. MicrOmega has been delivered to the Extraterrestrial Samples Curation Center of the Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency at the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science in July 2020 and then mounted and calibrated to be ready for the analyses of the samples returned to Earth on December 6, 2020. MicrOmega was designed to analyze the returned samples within a field of view of 5 × 5 mm2 and a spatial sampling of 22.5 µm. It acquires 3D near-infrared hyperspectral image-cubes by imaging the sample with monochromatic images sequentially covering the 0.99–3.65 µm spectral range, with a typical spectral sampling of 20 cm−1. This paper reports the calibration processes performed to extract scientific data from these MicrOmega image-cubes. The determination of the instrumental response and the spectral calibration is detailed. We meet or exceed the goals of achieving an accuracy of ∼20% for the absolute reflectance level, 1% for the relative wavelength-to-wavelength reflectance, and <5 nm for the peak position of the detected absorption features. For the nominal measurements of Ryugu samples with MicrOmega/Curation, the instrument performance also reaches a signal-to-noise ratio of >100 over the entire spectral range. By characterizing the entire collection of the returned samples at the microscopic scale, MicrOmega/Curation offers the potential to provide unprecedented insights into the composition and history of their asteroid parent body.
An International Standard Formulation for trans-1-Chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene [R1233zd(E)] Covering Temperatures from the Triple-Point Temperature to 450 K and Pressures up to 100 MPa
Authors: Akasaka Ryo , Lemmon Eric W.
Published: May 2022

A new Helmholtz energy equation of state is presented for trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene [R1233zd(E)], which is expressed with temperature and density as independent variables. Experimental data in the range of temperatures from 215 to 444 K and pressures up to 35 MPa form the basis of the new equation. In this range, expected uncertainties (k = 2) of the new equation of state are 0.07% for vapor pressures at temperatures above the normal boiling point temperature (≈291K), 0.2% for vapor pressures at lower temperatures, 0.05% for liquid densities, 0.15% for vapor densities, 0.1% for saturated liquid densities, 0.05% for liquid-phase sound speeds, and 0.08% for vapor-phase sound speeds. The new equation is valid at temperatures from the triple-point temperature (165.75 K) to 450 K and pressures up to 100 MPa with reasonable uncertainties outside the available range of data because it fully extrapolates with correct physical behavior to higher temperatures and pressures as well as to lower temperatures. The equation of state presented here has been recommended as an international standard by the working group presently revising ISO 17584 (Refrigerant Properties).
Investigation of low-confinement surface phonon polariton launching on SiC and SrTiO3 using scanning near-field optical microscopy
Authors: Barnett J. , Wendland D. , Lewin M. , Wirth K. G. , Heßler A. , Taubner T.
Published: May 2022

Surface phonon polaritons (SPhPs) are important building blocks of nanophotonics, as they enable strong light–matter interaction on the nanoscale, are well-suited for applications in the mid- to far-infrared regime, and can show low losses. SrTiO3 is an interesting material for SPhPs, because it allows for reversible, nonvolatile doping with free charge carriers via oxygen vacancies and for local switching with conductive AFM tips. As a result, SrTiO3 could enable programmable nanophotonics with tunable SPhPs and direct writing of metasurfaces. Surface polariton properties can be determined by mapping their real-space propagation using scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM), which is sensitive to the high local electric fields with nanoscale lateral resolution. Low-confinement (LC) SPhPs with wavevectors close to that of free-space radiation, such as in SrTiO3 and the model polar dielectric SiC, can be difficult to investigate in s-SNOM due to interference effects with the incident illumination and fringe spacings exceeding the scan range or the size of the focus spot. Here, we present s-SNOM measurements of LC-SPhPs on SiC and SrTiO3 launched at gold stripes, retrieve physical quantities such as launching amplitude and phase, and show that they are influenced strongly by gold stripe geometry as well as illumination angle. Using two complementary measurements, we show a convenient way to determine the out-of-plane angle of the s-SNOM setup. Finally, we predict how control over the free charge carrier concentration in SrTiO3 could enable tunable LC-SPhPs, showing the potential of SrTiO3 for programmable nanophotonics.
Interlayer-enhanced room temperature in-plane magnetoresistance in graphene nano-crystalline carbon (GNC) film/SiO2/p-Si heterostructures
Authors: Sun Kangcheng , Chen Xiaohan , Ren Qingkang , Wang Chao
Published: May 2022

Graphene nano-crystalline carbon film/SiO2/p-Si heterostructures were fabricated with SiO2 interlayer thicknesses varying from 0 to 1000 nm, and their in-plane magnetoresistance (MR) was investigated. The results showed that, compared to the 0 nm SiO2 case, the presence of a 5 nm SiO2 interlayer significantly improved the room temperature MR by more than eight times (from 2.5% to 20.9% at 280 K). For SiO2 layers with thicknesses of 50 nm and above, only small negative MR values were observed. For all SiO2 thicknesses, the variations in the mobility of heterostructures were highly consistent with their MR performance. The results of this study provide a practical route to building graphene-based high-performance MR devices suitable for mass production as magnetic sensors and magnetic logic devices.
Mechanisms of the antiferro-electric ordering in superprotonic conductors Cs3H(SeO4)2 and Cs3D(SeO4)2
Authors: Matsui Hiroshi , Fukuda Kakeru , Takano Saki , Ikemoto Yuka , Sasaki Takahiko , Matsuo Yasumitsu
Published: May 2022

Wide ranges of absorbance spectra were measured to elucidate a difference in the antiferro-electric (AF) ordering mechanisms below 50 and 168 K in Cs3H(SeO4)2 and Cs3D(SeO4)2, respectively. Collective excitations due to deuterons successfully observed at 610 cm−1 exhibit a remarkable isotope effect. This indicates that the transfer state in the dimer of Cs3D(SeO4)2 is dominated by a deuteron hopping in contrast to Cs3H(SeO4)2, where a proton hopping makes a tiny contribution compared to a phonon-assisted proton tunneling (PAPT) associated with 440-cm−1 defbend . The fluctuation relevant to the AF ordering in Cs3D(SeO4)2 is not driven by the conventional deuteron hopping but by the phonon-assisted deuteron hopping associated with 310-cm−1 defbend . Consequently, Cs3D(SeO4)2 has a distinct ordering mechanism from Cs3H(SeO4)2, in which quantum fluctuations toward the AF ordering are enhanced through the PAPT associated with the in-phase libration.
Milliwatt-power far-UVC AlGaN LEDs on sapphire substrates
Authors: Jo Masafumi , Itokazu Yuri , Hirayama Hideki
Published: May 2022

AlGaN LEDs emitting < 230 nm UV light were fabricated on sapphire substrates. We employed a quantum well (QW) with an extremely thin barrier to enhance the quantum confinement of holes, wherein the calculation showed that the topmost valence subband became X±iY-like and increased the transverse-electric polarized emission. Additionally, we modified the Al composition of the spacer layer situated between the QW and an electron-blocking layer, which significantly improved the current-injection efficiency. The combination and optimization of these structures produced an LED emission of 228-nm UV light with an output power of 1.4 mW at 150 mA.
Estimation of changes in the length of a moving conical domain wall in bistable microwire
Authors: Ziman Ján , Kladivová Mária , Onufer Jozef
Published: May 2022

The single domain wall process of magnetization reversal in a bi-stable microwire is studied. Models for static planar and folded planar domain walls are analyzed. The results obtained show that a folded domain wall can have lower total energy. Based on this finding, the dynamic properties of the more probable conical shape of a moving domain wall were studied. Using a simple model of the folded conical domain wall, the formulas for length, velocity, and mobility of the domain wall as a function of the applied magnetic field were derived. The main result of the proposed model is that it predicts domain wall shortening with an increasing applied magnetic field. Fitting the model function to the experimental data made it possible to estimate the characteristic length of the domain wall and changes in its shape in the magnetic field applied. Comparison of the model and experimental data indicates that there is a difference in eddy current damping for fast and slow domain walls, which may be responsible for the unidirectional effect in domain wall propagation.
Generation of selective single-mode guided waves by d36 type piezoelectric wafer
Authors: Wang Wentao , Yang Yongchao
Published: May 2022

In general, mixed modes and dispersion of guided wave occur at any excitation frequency, while single modes are needed for effective nondestructive evaluation of structures. In this work, we present an approach to generate a selective single-mode guided wave in plate-like structures by exploiting the unique directionality of the d36 type piezoelectric wafer and the symmetry of fundamental guided wave modes. Specifically, we devise a unified fundamental shear horizontal (SH0) wave/fundamental antisymmetric mode (A0) wave directional transducer pair by attaching the d36 type piezoelectric wafers back to back on the opposite sides of the plate to provide selective, directional single-mode guided waves for actuation and sensing. Originally, the d36-type piezoelectric wafer, poled and cut from the lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate crystal, produces a mixture of the in-plane SH0 (symmetric) mode and out-of-plane A0 (asymmetric) and S0 (symmetric) modes. By applying the in-phase or out-of-phase applied electrical field to the coupled d36-type piezoelectric wafer pair, our devised approach generates selective single modes, SH0 or A0, respectively, to propagate in the structure. We describe the theoretical development of our approach and conduct both numerical simulations and laboratory experiments for validations.
All-experimental analysis of doubly resonant sum-frequency generation spectra for Franck–Condon and Herzberg–Teller vibronic modes
Authors: Busson Bertrand
Published: May 2022

The transform technique applied to the analysis of doubly resonant sum-frequency generation (DR-SFG) spectra is extended to include Herzberg–Teller (HT) vibronic modes. The experimentally measured overlap spectral function generates all the energy resonant amplitudes of the DR-SFG excitation function for both Franck–Condon (FC) and HT modes. When FC modes dominate the DR-SFG spectra, a methodology is provided to perform efficient curve fitting and orientation analysis in order to extract FC activities of the various vibration modes from experimental spectra with the help of a molecular model. Determination of the FC or HT natures of the vibration modes from DR-SFG data is also shown to be possible through their visible line shapes with an appropriate choice of polarizations. As an example, experimental DR-SFG data suggest that a known HT-active mode in the vibronic structure of Rhodamine 6G monomers exhibits a FC behavior in molecular aggregates.
Geometric model of crack-templated networks for transparent conductive films
Authors: Kim Jaeuk , Truskett Thomas M.
Published: May 2022

Crack-templated networks, metallic frameworks fabricated from crack patterns in sacrificial thin films, can exhibit high optical transmittance, high electric conductivity, and a host of other properties attractive for applications. Despite advances in preparing, characterizing, and analyzing optoelectronic performance of cracked template networks, limited efforts have focused on predicting how their disordered structures help to determine their electrical and optical properties and explain their interrelationships. We introduce a geometric modeling approach for crack-templated networks and use simulation to compute their wavelength- and incident angle-dependent optical transmittance and sheet resistivity. We explore how these properties relate to one another and to those of metallic meshes with periodically ordered aperture arrays. We consider implications of the results for optoelectronic applications, compare figure-of-merit predictions to experimental data, and highlight an opportunity to extend the modeling approach using inverse methods.
A bright future for silicon in quantum technologies
Authors: Khoury Mario , Abbarchi Marco
Published: May 2022

Silicon is the most widely used material in microelectronic devices; integration of atomic impurities in silicon via doping during growth or ion implant is now widely used as it allows to form conventional transistors. Exploiting all the knowledge accumulated over the last 60 years in the context of the second quantum revolution that is now underway would help accelerate the commercialization of quantum technologies. Several works have already reported that silicon can be an optically active material with point-like defects emitting below the Si bandgap, both in ensemble emission and absorption in natural Si as well as in isotopically purified 28Si, even under electrical pumping. Very recently, the detection of individual impurities in silicon opened the door for further exploitation of this indirect bandgap material to applications in quantum technologies, including single photon emission at near-infrared frequency, matching the telecommunication band and optical detection of individual spins. Here, we describe the current state-of-the-art and discuss the forthcoming challenges and goals toward a reliable exploitation of these solid-state quantum-emitters in the context of quantum technologies. In particular, we examine opportunities, issues, and challenges in controlling defect formation and localization, extrinsic effects, and integration of optical devices.
Influence of photon reabsorption on the optical and catalytic properties of carbon nanodots/titanium oxide composites
Authors: Zhang Jun , Zhang Xiao , Ren Zhiyuan , Yang Lun , Tang Yalu , Ma Yalin , Cui Yu , Gao Benling , Chu P. K.
Published: May 2022

To enhance the optical and catalytic properties of TiO2, carbon nanodots (CNDs) are incorporated to prepare hybrid CNDs/TiO2 materials with different precursor concentrations and the photocatalytic characteristics are evaluated systematically. When the CNDs/TiO2 materials are excited optically, some high-energy photons are reabsorbed by those in the lower energy states, indicating that photon reabsorption of CNDs plays a key role. The results enrich our understanding of the optical and catalytic mechanisms and provide insight into the design of CNDs-based composites.
Electronic densities and valence bond wave functions
Authors: Hagebaum-Reignier D. , Racine J. , Humbel S.
Published: May 2022

Valence bond (VB) wave functions are studied from the density point of view. The density is plotted as a difference with the quasi-state built on the same orbitals. The densities of the components of the VB wave function are also shown. The breathing orbital effect leads to small modifications of the density. It is shown that while the densities of ionic and covalent components are the same, their coupling ends-up in modifications of the electronic density.
Manipulation of acoustic vortex with topological dislocation states
Authors: Qi Yajuan , He Hailong , Xiao Meng
Published: May 2022

Higher-order topological insulators as an exotic type of topological phases harboring fascinating topological corner or hinge states have attracted extensive attention recently. Dislocations are crystallinity-breaking defects in lattices that cannot be removed by local deformations due to nontrivial real-space topology. It is recently realized that dislocations can be used as a probe for higher-order topology. In this work, we propose a scheme to obtain acoustic dislocation states by introducing screw dislocations into higher-order topological insulators in a Kagome lattice. The topological dislocation states carry nonzero orbital angular momentum, which are locked to their propagation direction. We show that the screw dislocation states exist for both the tight binding model and the waveguide model as long as the system symmetry is preserved. By delicately designing the dislocation core, the dislocation states with selective angular momentum can be shifted into the bulk bandgap. Based on this in-gap dislocation states, filtering of acoustic vortex with a selective angular momentum is well achieved.
Image charge detection of ion bunches using a segmented, cryogenic detector
Authors: Räcke P. , Meijer J. , Spemann D.
Published: May 2022

The response of a dedicated image charge detector to a single passage of small ion bunches was studied. This detector was designed and built in our labs aiming for a maximized signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) with the motivation to enable single ion detection for deterministic ion implantation, a key technique for solid state based quantum technologies, in the future. It is shown how segmentation of the detector with the appropriate combination of the individual segment signal channels significantly increases the SNR. Additionally, the detector is cryogenically cooled to temperatures down to 163 K, further enhancing the SNR. The detection sensitivity of this detector prototype was measured to be 80 elementary charges for SNR=2, detecting 4 keV Xe+ ion bunches. At this SNR, the false-positive error rate is expected to be 0.1%. Comparing the measured sensitivity with a theoretical estimation yielding 22 elementary charges for SNR=2, the presented results lead the way to further optimizations of the detector components and the signal analysis techniques, necessary to realize single ion detection.
Fire scar characteristics in two tropical montane conifer species from central Mexico
Authors: Sáenz-Ceja Jesús Eduardo , Martínez-Ramos Miguel , Mendoza Manuel E. , Pérez-Salicrup Diego R.
Published: May 2022

Fire scar analysis is a fundamental tool for reconstructing fire regimes in conifer forests. However, little is known about fire scar properties in tropical montane conifers, where some assumptions limit dendroecological research. These include that fir species do not exhibit external fire scars and that pines without external fire scars have not experienced past fires. This study describes fire scar patterns in two conifer species growing in Mexican temperate forests: sacred fir (Abies religiosa) and smooth-bark Mexican pine (Pinus pseudostrobus). We extracted cross-sections from 110 trees and measured tree age, basal diameter, bark thickness, fire scar size and seasonality, the number of scars per tree, years and basal diameter from pith to the first scar, and the proportion of external and buried fire scars. Most trees had three fire scars, which appeared during the dry season after the first 15 years measured from the pith. Old and large-diameter trees did not have more fire scars, but the time between fire scars influenced fire scar closure in sacred firs. Bark thickness and the proportion of visible and buried fire scars were similar in both species. Our results suggest that the absence of visible fire scars in smooth-bark Mexican pines does not imply the absence of fire, and sacred firs can exhibit external fire scars like pines.
Fitness effects of plasmids shape the structure of bacteria–plasmid interaction networks
Authors: Newbury Arthur , Dawson Beth , Klümper Uli , Hesse Elze , Castledine Meaghan , Fontaine Colin , Buckling Angus , Sanders Dirk
Published: May 2022

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes are often carried on broad host range plasmids, and the spread of AMR within microbial communities will therefore depend on the structure of bacteria–plasmid networks. Empirical and theoretical studies of ecological interaction networks suggest that network structure differs between communities that are predominantly mutualistic versus antagonistic, with the former showing more generalized interactions (i.e., species interact with many others to a similar extent). This suggests that mutualistic bacteria–plasmid networks—where antibiotics are present and plasmids carry AMR genes—will be more generalized than antagonistic interactions, where plasmids do not confer benefits to their hosts. We first develop a simple theory to explain this link: fitness benefits of harboring a mutualistic symbiont promote the spread of the symbiont to other species. We find support for this theory using an experimental bacteria–symbiont (plasmid) community, where the same plasmid can be mutualistic or antagonistic depending on the presence of antibiotics. This short-term and parsimonious mechanism complements a longer-term mechanism (coevolution and stability) explaining the link between mutualistic and antagonistic interactions and network structure.
The effect of mutation on an aggregation-prone protein: An in vivo, in vitro, and in silico analysis
Authors: Guthertz N. , van der Kant R. , Martinez R. M. , Xu Y. , Trinh C. H. , Iorga B. I. , Rousseau F. , Schymkowitz J. , Brockwell D. J. , Radford S. E.
Published: May 2022

Aggregation of initially stably structured proteins is involved in more than 20 human amyloid diseases. Despite intense research, however, how this class of proteins assembles into amyloid fibrils remains poorly understood, principally because of the complex effects of amino acid substitutions on protein stability, solubility, and aggregation propensity. We address this question using β
2
-microglobulin (β
2
m) as a model system, focusing on D76N-β
2
m that is involved in hereditary amyloidosis. This amino acid substitution causes the aggregation-resilient wild-type protein to become highly aggregation prone in vitro, although the mechanism by which this occurs remained elusive. Here, we identify the residues key to protecting β
2
m from aggregation by coupling aggregation with antibiotic resistance in
E. coli
using a tripartite β-lactamase assay (TPBLA). By performing saturation mutagenesis at three different sites (D53X-, D76X-, and D98X-β
2
m) we show that residue 76 has a unique ability to drive β
2
m aggregation in vivo and in vitro. Using a randomly mutated D76N-β
2
m variant library, we show that all of the mutations found to improve protein behavior involve residues in a single aggregation-prone region (APR) (residues 60 to 66). Surprisingly, no correlation was found between protein stability and protein aggregation rate or yield, with several mutations in the APR decreasing aggregation without affecting stability. Together, the results demonstrate the power of the TPBLA to develop proteins that are resilient to aggregation and suggest a model for D76N-β
2
m aggregation involving the formation of long-range couplings between the APR and Asn76 in a nonnative state.
Exploring the impact of lexical context on word association responses
Authors: Thwaites Peter
Published: May 2022

In word association tasks, participants respond with the first word that comes to mind on seeing a given cue. These responses are generally assumed to be influenced by a number of factors, including cue semantics, form, and textual distribution. Previous studies exploring the third of these influences have used pairwise association measures, such as mutual information, to evaluate the extent to which textual distributions influence response selection. In the current paper, a different approach is taken. Rather than examining co-occurrences between a cue and its observed responses, this paper explores the possibility that the cue’s holistic collocational environment shapes its associative profile. Regression modelling demonstrates that the predictability of this textual distribution is a significant predictor of variance in the cue’s response profile. Overall, however, the amount of variance explained is small. A subsequent qualitative examination of distributional and associative profiles suggests several semantically based constraints to response generation.
A new generalization of Fibonacci and Lucas type sedenions
Authors: Kızılateş Can , Kirlak Selihan
Published: May 2022

In this paper, by using the q-integer, we introduce a new generalization of Fibonacci and Lucas type sedenions called q-Fibonacci and q-Lucas sedenions. We state that the special cases of these types of sedenions give the various sedenions whose components are defined by second order integer sequences. We also present some fundamental properties of these types of sedenions.
Closed-state inactivation of cardiac, skeletal, and neuronal sodium channels is isoform specific
Authors: Brake Niklas , Mancino Adamo S. , Yan Yuhao , Shimomura Takushi , Kubo Yoshihiro , Khadra Anmar , Bowie Derek
Published: May 2022

Voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels produce the upstroke of action potentials in excitable tissues throughout the body. The gating of these channels is determined by the asynchronous movements of four voltage-sensing domains (VSDs). Past studies on the skeletal muscle Nav1.4 channel have indicated that VSD-I, -II, and -III are sufficient for pore opening, whereas VSD-IV movement is sufficient for channel inactivation. Here, we studied the cardiac sodium channel, Nav1.5, using charge-neutralizing mutations and voltage-clamp fluorometry. Our results reveal that both VSD-III and -IV are necessary for Nav1.5 inactivation, and that steady-state inactivation can be modulated by all VSDs. We also demonstrate that channel activation is partially determined by VSD-IV movement. Kinetic modeling suggests that these observations can be explained from the cardiac channel’s propensity to enter closed-state inactivation (CSI), which is significantly higher than that of other Nav channels. We show that skeletal muscle Nav1.4, cardiac Nav1.5, and neuronal Nav1.6 all have different propensities for CSI and postulate that these differences produce isoform-dependent roles for the four VSDs.
Do CPVT-linked mutations alter RYR2 regulation by cytosolic Ca2+ in cardiomyocytes?
Authors: Yamaguchi Naohiro
Published: May 2022

It is controversial whether the cardiac type-2 ryanodine receptor harboring a catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia-associated point mutation is regulated by luminal or cytosolic Ca2+. This commentary discusses new findings supporting the cytosolic Ca2+-dependent regulation.
Comment on ‘Parameter-dependent unitary transformation approach for quantum Rabi model’
Authors: Braak Daniel , Batchelor Murray T , Chen Qing-Hu
Published: May 2022

We discuss the elementary errors in Zhang’s (2021 New J. Phys.
23 093014) claimed exact solution of the quantum Rabi model. The erroneous solution is seen to be nothing more than the combined solution of the simpler Jaynes–Cummings and anti-Jaynes–Cummings models obtained by neglecting terms in the model Hamiltonian.