bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
1,3-Dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin mediated oxidative amidation of terminal alkenes in water
Authors: Ma Chunhua , Fan Guojie , Wu Ping , Li Zhi , Zhou Yang , Ding Qingjie , Zhang Wei
Published: November 2017

A variety of terminal alkenes were converted to the corresponding amides in yields of 25 to 86% in water via treatment with 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin, followed by reaction with molecular iodine and aq. NH3 (or amine) in one pot.
A modular approach towards functionalized highly stable self-complementary quadruple hydrogen bonded systems
Authors: Rayavarapu Suresh , Kheria Sanjeev , Shinde Dinesh R. , Gonnade Rajesh G. , Sanjayan Gangadhar J.
Published: November 2017

This article reports a new class of highly reactive dithiane-tethered self-complementary quadruple hydrogen-bonded systems without having prototropy-related issues. These systems further reacted with different amines to form highly stable molecular duplexes.
Charged probes: turn-on selective fluorescence for RNA
Authors: Shirinfar Bahareh , Seema Humaira , Ahmed Nisar
Published: November 2017

Imidazolium-based charged fluorescent probes for the selective in vitro and in vivo recognition of RNA over other biomolecules.
Cooperative bimetallic catalysis in asymmetric allylic substitution
Authors: Fu Jingke , Huo Xiaohong , Li Bowen , Zhang Wanbin
Published: November 2017

Strategies using a chiral metal catalyst and the cooperative effect of a second achiral or chiral metal catalyst for asymmetric allylic substitution reactions are discussed.
Unveiling orbital coupling at the CoPc/Bi(111) surface by ab initio calculations and photoemission spectroscopy
Authors: Liang Zhaofeng , Sun Haoliang , Shen Kongchao , Hu Jinbang , Song Bo , Lu Yunhao , Jiang Zheng , Song Fei
Published: November 2017

Orbital coupling is revealed at the CoPc/Bi(111) interface with the local magnetic moment retained in CoPc.
A sensitive DNA sensor based on an organic electrochemical transistor using a peptide nucleic acid-modified nanoporous gold gate electrode
Authors: Tao Wenyan , Lin Peng , Hu Jin , Ke Shanming , Song Jiajun , Zeng Xierong
Published: November 2017

An organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate with porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) as a gate electrode was proposed for DNA sensing.
Quasiparticle energies, exciton level structures and optical absorption spectra of ultra-narrow ZSiCNRs
Authors: Lou Ping
Published: November 2017

GW quasiparticle energies, exciton structures and optical absorption spectra of ultra-narrow N-ZSiCNRs.
Rapid and sensitive detection of trace malachite green and its metabolite in aquatic products using molecularly imprinted polymer-coated wooden-tip electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Huang Yanying , Ma Yanfang , Hu Huawen , Guo Pengran , Miao Lei , Yang Yunyun , Zhang Min
Published: November 2017

In this study, a molecularly imprinted polymer-coated wooden-tip (MIPCWT) electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) method was developed for rapid and sensitive detection of trace malachite green (MG) and its metabolite in aquatic products.
A highly active and thermally stable 6,13-dihydro-6,13-ethanopentacene-15,16-diimine nickel(ii) complex as catalyst for norbornene polymerization
Authors: Huo Ping , Li Jingbo , Liu Wanyun , Mei Guangquan , He Xiaohui
Published: November 2017

A nickel catalyst with polycyclic aromatic systems on the backbone exhibits good thermal stability and high activity in norbornene copolymerization.
Sheetlike gold nanostructures/graphene oxide composites via a one-pot green fabrication protocol and their interesting two-stage catalytic behaviors
Authors: Geng Guangwei , Chen Penglei , Guan Bo , Liu Yu , Yang Changchun , Wang Nannan , Liu Minghua
Published: November 2017

Au nanoplate/GO composites are facilely synthesizedviaa one-pot green protocol. The composites display a fascinating two-stage catalytic behavior, where the catalytic reactivity of the latter stage increases substantially by a factor of 9 times.
Unravelling the enigma of ligninOX: can the oxidation of lignin be controlled?
Authors: Guo Haiwei , Miles-Barrett Daniel M. , Neal Andrew R. , Zhang Tao , Li Changzhi , Westwood Nicholas J.
Published: November 2017

As societal challenges go, the development of efficient biorefineries as a means of reducing our dependence on petroleum refineries is high on the list.
Repurposing paper by-product lignosulfonate as a sulfur donor/acceptor for high performance lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Li Lu , Huang Liping , Linhardt Robert J. , Koratkar Nikhil , Simmons Trevor
Published: November 2017

Lignosulfonate was applied as both the donor of sulfur and the sulfur acceptor for Li–S battery cathode material.
High-performance flexible redox supercapacitors induced by methylene blue with a wide voltage window
Authors: Xu Chunmei , Wang Haiyan , Deng Jiang , Wang Yong
Published: November 2017

Coupling a porous electrode with methylene blue in a solid-state electrolyte resulted in high EDLC, wide operating voltage window, and enhanced faradaic pseudocapacitance.
When droplets become stars: charged dielectric droplets beyond the Rayleigh limit
Authors: Oh Myong In , Malevanets Anatoly , Paliy Maxim , Frenkel Daan , Consta Styliani
Published: November 2017

When a nano-drop comprising a single spherical central ion and dielectric solvent is charged above a well-defined threshold, it acquires a stable star morphology. These shapes are found by atomistic molecular dynamics and are compared with continuum modelling.
Egg-shell structured LiCoO2 by Cu2+ substitution to Li+ sites via facile stirring in an aqueous copper(ii) nitrate solution
Authors: Kim Jaemin , Kang Hyunchul , Go Nakgyu , Jeong Seonghun , Yim Taeeun , Jo Yong Nam , Lee Kyu Tae , Mun Junyoung
Published: November 2017

For practical, high-energy lithium ion batteries, we introduce an egg-shell structured LiCoO2, enabling a credible performance with a high cut-off potential of 4.4 V, simply prepared by only stirring in 0.5 mM Cu(NO3)2 aqueous solution at room temperature without costly heat treatment.
Reversible adsorption and storage of secondary explosives from water using a Tröger's base-functionalised polymer
Authors: Shanmugaraju Sankarasekaran , Umadevi Deivasigamani , Savyasachi Aramballi J. , Byrne Kevin , Ruether Manuel , Schmitt Wolfgang , Watson Graeme W. , Gunnlaugsson Thorfinnur
Published: November 2017

A Tröger's base-derived covalent organic polymer (TB-COP) was synthesised and used as an adsorbent for the reversible adsorption of picric acid from water.
Colloidal synthesis of monodisperse trimetallic IrNiFe nanoparticles as highly active bifunctional electrocatalysts for acidic overall water splitting
Authors: Fu Luhong , Cheng Gongzhen , Luo Wei
Published: November 2017

Monodisperse IrNiFe alloy nanoparticles with an average diameter of 2.2 nm have been synthesized by a colloidal synthetic method. By taking advantage of the synergistic effect between Ir, Ni and Fe and the ultrasmall NPs with narrow size distribution, the as-synthesized IrNiFe catalyst exhibits superior HER/OER performances in acidic media.
Functionalized nanoceria exhibit improved angiogenic properties
Authors: Nethi Susheel Kumar , Nanda Himansu Sekhar , Steele Terry W. J. , Patra Chitta Ranjan
Published: November 2017

Overall schematic representation of the synthesis, characterization and proangiogenic activity of functionalized nanoceria.
Novel synthetic routes of large-pore magnetic mesoporous nanocomposites (SBA-15/Fe3O4) as potential multifunctional theranostic nanodevices
Authors: Vargas-Osorio Z. , González-Gómez M. A. , Piñeiro Y. , Vázquez-Vázquez C. , Rodríguez-Abreu C. , López-Quintela M. A. , Rivas J.
Published: November 2017

Superparamagnetic nanocomposites with a well-defined mesoporous matrix and mesoporous surface available for the high loading of drugs or biological entities.
Novel peptides for small-caliber graft functionalization selected by a phage display of endothelial-positive/platelet-negative combined selection
Authors: Munisso Maria Chiara , Yamaoka Tetsuji
Published: November 2017

A new protocol to identify peptides with EPCs high affinity and at the same time the ability to suppress the interaction with platelets was presented.
The Effect of Adaptive Nonlinear Frequency Compression on Phoneme Perception
Authors: Glista Danielle , Hawkins Marianne , Bohnert Andrea , Rehmann Julia , Wolfe Jace , Scollie Susan
Published: November 2017

Purpose

This study implemented a fitting method, developed for use with frequency lowering hearing aids, across multiple testing sites, participants, and hearing aid conditions to evaluate speech perception with a novel type of frequency lowering.

Method

A total of 8 participants, including children and young adults, participated in real-world hearing aid trials. A blinded crossover design, including posttrial withdrawal testing, was used to assess aided phoneme perception. The hearing aid conditions included adaptive nonlinear frequency compression (NFC), static NFC, and conventional processing.

Results

Enabling either adaptive NFC or static NFC improved group-level detection and recognition results for some high-frequency phonemes, when compared with conventional processing. Mean results for the distinction component of the Phoneme Perception Test (Schmitt, Winkler, Boretzki, & Holube, 2016) were similar to those obtained with conventional processing.

Conclusions

Findings suggest that both types of NFC tested in this study provided a similar amount of speech perception benefit, when compared with group-level performance with conventional hearing aid technology. Individual-level results are presented with discussion around patterns of results that differ from the group average.
Reproducibility of Dual-Microphone Voice Range Profile Equipment
Authors: Printz Trine , Pedersen Ellen Raben , Juhl Peter , Nielsen Troels , Grøntved Ågot Møller , Godballe Christian
Published: November 2017

Purpose

The aim of this study was to add further knowledge about the usefulness of the Voice Range Profile (VRP) assessment in clinical settings and research by analyzing VRP dual-microphone equipment precision, reliability, and room effect.

Method

Test–retest studies were conducted in an anechoic chamber and an office: (a) comparing sound pressure levels (SPLs) from a dual-microphone VRP device, the Voice Profiler, when given the same input repeatedly (test–retest reliability); (b) comparing SPLs from 3 devices when given the same input repeatedly (intervariation); and (c) assessing the room effect.

Results

(a) The mean standard deviation across 17 measurement points was 0.7 dB for 1 device. (b) One device was less precise than the other 2 devices. All devices presented high SPLs at low frequencies compared with the reference. (c) Mean SPLs were almost equal in the anechoic chamber and the office.

Conclusions

The high test–retest reliability of the dual-microphone VRP equipment, especially in general office surroundings, is a positive finding. Attention must be paid to specific factors such as using the same device when comparing the same voice before and after treatment, caution in headset placement, and manual recalibrations when automatic recalibration occurs. We suggest recalibrations verified with a reference source at regular intervals.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Traditional Measures of Phonological Ability for Bilingual Preschoolers and Kindergarteners
Authors: Fabiano-Smith Leah , Hoffman Katherine
Published: November 2017

Purpose

Bilingual children whose phonological skills are evaluated using measures designed for monolingual English speakers are at risk for misdiagnosis of speech sound disorders (De Lamo White & Jin, 2011).

Method

Forty-four children participated in this study: 15 typically developing monolingual English speakers, 7 monolingual English speakers with phonological disorders, 14 typically developing bilingual Spanish–English speakers, and 8 bilingual children with phonological disorders. Children's single-word speech productions were examined on Percentage Consonants Correct–Revised (Shriberg, Austin, Lewis, McSweeny, & Wilson, 1997a) and accuracy of early-, middle-, and late-developing sounds (Shriberg, 1993) in English. Consonant accuracy in English was compared between monolinguals and bilinguals with and without speech sound disorders. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curves were used to observe diagnostic accuracy of the measures examined.

Results

Percentage Consonants Correct–Revised was found to be a good indicator of phonological ability in both monolingual and bilingual English-speaking children at the age of 5;0. No significant differences were found between language groups on any of the measures examined.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that traditional measures of phonological ability for monolinguals could provide good diagnostic accuracy for bilingual children at the age of 5;0 years. These findings are preliminary, and children younger than 5;0 years should be examined for risk of misdiagnosis.
Analysis of rainfall effects on road travel speed in Beijing, China
Authors: Zhang Jianbo , Song Guohua , Gong Dapeng , Gao Yong , Yu Lei , Guo Jifu
Published: November 2017

Although rainfall affects travel speed on different road classes to different degrees, few existing studies focus on the impacts of rainfall on different urban road classes. Utilising real‐time weather data, floating car data‐based travel speed on urban roads and traffic performance index in Beijing, this study analyses and compares the differences between travel speeds for normal versus rainfall weather under different precipitation intensities, different congestion levels and different road classes. The study demonstrates that when precipitation intensity reaches the heavy rain level, travel speeds on the expressway, major arterial and collector decrease by 7.5, 5.0 and 9.4%, respectively, at night, and decrease by 15.2, 13.4 and 12.2%, respectively, during peak hours. Further, this study derives a relationship between precipitation intensity and travel speed reduction for different congestion levels. The light‐congestion is the most sensitive traffic condition to rainfall when there is moderate or heavier rain. Finally, a correction model for travel speed predictions for rainfall weather is developed and applied. It is indicated that the model can predict travel speed under rainfall weather effectively.
Comparing the effects of ramp metering and variable speed limit on reducing travel time and crash risk at bottlenecks
Authors: Li Zhibin , Xu Chengcheng , Li Dawei , Liu Pan , Wang Wei
Published: November 2017

Ramp metering (RM) and variable speed limits (VSLs) affect freeway traffic in different ways and, accordingly, result in different effects on travel time and crash risk. This study compared the effects of RM and VSL at different freeway bottleneck segments with various traffic demands. An isolated merge bottleneck segment was examined, and then extended to consider closely spaced upstream ramps and downstream diverge bottleneck. Two control strategies were tested which were the Asservissement LINéaire d'Entrée Autoroutiére (ALINEA)/Q and feedback‐based VSL. The reductions of travel time and crash risk were evaluated using the modified cell transmission models. The results showed that ALINEA/Q was more stable than the feedback VSL, but its power was limited by ramp space. A coordinated RM and VSL strategies were proposed to improve the control effects. The authors also evaluated how traffic demand features on mainline and ramps affected the control effects. The results highlighted the importance of consideration of geometrical features and traffic demands on freeways when selecting the best control strategy.
Improved FRZPC for the two‐dimensional resistive sensor array
Authors: Wang Lei , Wen Xiu‐Lan , Pan Jin‐Ji , Yang Liang
Published: November 2017

With M sampling operational amplifiers (op‐amps) in negative feedback, the fast readout zero potential circuit (FRZPC) can simultaneously access M elements in the M × N resistive sensor array with the shared row–column fashion but it suffered from the crosstalk problem caused by the switch‐on resistance of the column multiplexers, the non‐scanned elements and the size of the array. For suppressing the crosstalk problem, the authors proposed an improved FRZPC, called IFRZPC, by introducing one more op‐amp in negative feedback to sample the current in the ground to the array direction. Then, in the FRZPC and the IFRZPC, the effects of different parameters of the resistive sensor array and the readout circuit on the measurement accuracy of the elements being tested were simulated using National Instrument Multisim. Simulations and comparative experiments were performed and demonstrated that IFRZPC, though requiring M + 1 op‐amps, M + 1 resistors, and M + 1 sampling channels, could simultaneously access M elements being tested on the same column in the M × N resistive sensor array with a better accuracy.
Proposal of a novel fitness function for evaluation of wavelet shrinkage parameters on partial discharge denoising
Authors: Cunha Caio F.F.C. , Carvalho André T. , Petraglia Mariane R. , Amorim Hélio P. , Lima Antonio C.S.
Published: November 2017

Partial discharge (PD) measurement is an efficient method for monitoring the integrity of the high‐voltage equipment. However, extensive interferences can compromise the measured PD signals. After the acquisition, a post‐processing algorithm is required for the effective extraction of PD signals from noise. The wavelet shrinkage is one of the most popular tools used in such application. The wavelet processing involves the choice of parameters that will determine the performance of denoising. With the purpose of finding suitable parameters, optimisation techniques, such as genetic algorithms (GAs), can be used in conjunction with a fitness function to evaluate how good a solution is. This work proposes a new fitness function, based on a composition of local variables and statistics usually employed for the evaluation of PD denoising algorithms. The proposed function was applied to a set of PD signals and proved effective in the identification of optimal parameter values by a GA, thereby producing better PD denoising.
Revealing determinants of two‐phase dynamics of P53 network under gamma irradiation based on a reduced 2D relaxation oscillator model
Authors: Demirkıran Gökhan , Kalaycı Demir Güleser , Güzeliş Cüneyt
Published: November 2017

This study proposes a two‐dimensional (2D) oscillator model of p53 network, which is derived via reducing the multidimensional two‐phase dynamics model into a model of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and Wip1 variables, and studies the impact of p53‐regulators on cell fate decision. First, the authors identify a 6D core oscillator module, then reduce this module into a 2D oscillator model while preserving the qualitative behaviours. The introduced 2D model is shown to be an excitable relaxation oscillator. This oscillator provides a mechanism that leads diverse modes underpinning cell fate, each corresponding to a cell state. To investigate the effects of p53 inhibitors and the intrinsic time delay of Wip1 on the characteristics of oscillations, they introduce also a delay differential equation version of the 2D oscillator. They observe that the suppression of p53 inhibitors decreases the amplitudes of p53 oscillation, though the suppression increases the sustained level of p53. They identify Wip1 and P53DINP1 as possible targets for cancer therapies considering their impact on the oscillator, supported by biological findings. They model some mutations as critical changes of the phase space characteristics. Possible cancer therapeutic strategies are then proposed for preventing these mutations’ effects using the phase space approach.
Phasor model simulation of a grid integrated variable speed pumped storage system
Authors: Teshager Bitew Girmaw , Han Minxiao , Meng Zhaojun , Song Xiaofang , Xu Jianbing , Simiyu Patrobers
Published: November 2017

This study presents a phasor model simulation of a grid integrated variable speed pumped storage (VSPS) system focusing on generating mode. The VSPS is configured by the voltage sourced converter doubly‐fed induction machine (DFIM) scheme. A wound rotor induction machine dynamic mathematical model and generalised averaging theory are adopted to derive the phasor model technique of the system. Based on the dq ‐axis synchronous reference frame concept, the direct power control strategy of the system is designed. The steady‐state and transient stability responses of the proposed system are analysed in MATLAB/Simulink platform by considering a 300 MW/18 kV/50 Hz DFIM‐based VSPS system and a grid consisting of two hydropower plants with synchronous generator, a diesel power plant with synchronous generator, a solar photovoltaic farm and fixed loads. A comparison of phasor model and detailed model simulations of the system is also conducted. The results show that the grid integrated VSPS system is stable without significant deviation in grid voltages, DC voltage and rotor speed of the DFIM unit under the designed control strategy. Moreover, the phasor model simulation achieves results with good accuracy as the detailed model, but with faster speed. Hence, the phasor model simulation is very effective for analysis and control design of large grid integrated VSPS systems.
Suppression of synchronous resonance for VSGs
Authors: Yang Dongsheng , Wu Heng , Wang Xiongfei , Blaabjerg Frede
Published: November 2017

The virtual synchronous generator (VSG) is an attractive interfacing technique for high‐penetration renewable generation. By incorporating the inertia control, the grid‐connected voltage‐source converter can behave in a similar way with the SGs, which is helpful to enhance the stability of the power system. However, it is reported that the synchronous frequency resonance (SFR) can be aroused in the VSG due to the resonance peaks in the power control loops at the fundamental frequency. By modelling the power control loop in the dq domain, the mechanism underlying the SFR is studied. It reveals the frequency shift of the grid impedance in dq frame is the origin of SFR. Moreover, the phase‐amplitude cross‐regulation scheme is proposed to suppress the SFR. In this way, the resonance peaks in the power control loops are completely removed, and the coupling effects between the active power and reactive power loops are also eliminated. Therefore, superior power control performances can be achieved. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the theoretical analysis and both dynamic performance and stability of the power loops are greatly improved by the proposed cross‐regulation scheme.
Godina's Principles in the Twenty-First Century and the Evolution of Lower Extremity Trauma Reconstruction
Authors: Colen David , Colen Lawrence , Levin L. , Kovach Stephen
Published: November 2017

Background February of 2016 marked 30 years since the passing of Marko Godina, a pioneer and prodigy in the field of reconstructive microsurgery. Most noteworthy among his many contributions was his method of radical debridement of contaminated compound fractures followed by early free tissue transfer for wound closure. In the last three decades, the landscape of reconstructive surgery has undergone significant transformation owing to advances in reconstructive techniques and wound care technology, as well as new data.

Methods Dr. Godina's work and legacy are reviewed, compared and contrasted with new and evolving data regarding lower extremity trauma reconstruction.

Results Advancements in technique and technology have greatly molded lower extremtiy reconstruction over the past thirty years. Nonetheless, Dr. Godina's principles of timely care and early vascularized soft tissue coverage have withstood the test of time.

Conclusion Marko Godina's contribution to reconstructive microsurgery cannot be overstated and his groundbreaking work continues to serve as the foundation of lower extremity trauma reconstruction. Three decades after his seminal work, we honor Dr. Godina's legacy and explore how his principles have endured, evolved, or been replaced.
Direct Nerve Sutures in (Extended) Upper Obstetric Brachial Plexus Repair
Authors: Bahm J. , Gkotsi A. , Bouslama S. , El-kazzi W. , Schuind F.
Published: November 2017

Background In rare, selected cases of severe (extended) upper obstetric brachial plexus palsy (OBPP), after supraclavicular exposure and distal mobilization of the traumatized trunks and careful neuroma excision, we decided to perform direct nerve coaptation with tolerable tension and immobilized the affected arm positioned in adduction and 90-degree elbow flexion for three weeks.

Objectives We present our surgical technique and preliminary results in a prospective open patient series, including 22 patients (14 right and 8 left side affected) between 2009 and 2016, operated at a mean age of 8.4 months.

Methods Analysis of functional results after a minimum of 18 months was conducted using the British Medical Research Council (BMRC) scale.

Results All children reached 60–90° of elbow flexion and 75° of shoulder abduction at already six months after surgery. For those patients having already passed one year post surgery, the mean active shoulder abduction reached 92°, and for those who past the 18 months 124°. We discuss the actual knowledge about nerve coaptation under “reasonable” tension including its advantages and drawbacks.

Conclusion This technique may be indicated in preoperatively selected cases of (extended) upper OBPP and may give good functional results.
Praxis von Public Health
Authors: Teichert Ute , Bräunling Stefan , Müller Karin , Bär Gesine
Published: November 2017

Der vorliegende Beitrag beschäftigte sich mit dem Thema Public Health in der Praxis. Anhand der Diskussionsbeiträge der AG 12 wurde diese Übersicht zusammengestellt. Ein erstes Schaubild zeigt, wie breit Praxis in der deutschen Public-Health-Landschaft definiert werden kann. Herausforderungen und Visionen wurden formuliert. Damit eine individuelle und vielfältige Gesundheitsförderung für Alle gewährleistet sein kann, muss Public Health als zentrales Leitbild für die Zukunft im Lebensalltag und in den verschiedenen Lebenswelten der Menschen als Teil des sozialen Miteinanders selbstverständlich und nachhaltig integriert sein. Dafür müssen Public-Health-Akteure allgemein und im ÖGD im Besonderen im Austausch mit Politik, Kostenträgern, Wissenschaft und Lehre stehen und auf Augenhöhe und in gegenseitiger Ergänzung eng miteinander zusammen arbeiten. Eine wichtige Voraussetzung dafür ist eine adäquate finanzielle und personelle Ressourcenausstattung. Die Praxis von Public Health umfasst somit gleichermaßen die Gestaltung von Lebenswelten wie von politischen Strukturen und Strategien im Sinne der zentralen Werte von allgemeiner Daseinsvorsorge und Gemeinwohlverpflichtung.
Eosinophile Ösophagitis Update 2017: Neue Leitlinien der europäischen Studiengruppe EUREOS
Authors: Miehlke Stephan , Schlag Christoph , Storr Martin , Arnim Ulrike
Published: November 2017

Die eosinophile Ösophagitis gilt heute als eine der häufigsten Erkrankungen der Speiseröhre und eine der häufigsten Ursachen für Dysphagie und Bolusobstruktion bei Kindern und Erwachsenen. Die zunehmende Bedeutung dieser Erkrankung und neue klinisch-wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse erforderten eine Aktualisierung der bis dato existierenden internationalen Leitlinien. Die europäische Studiengruppe Eosinophile Ösophagitis (EUREOS) hat daher, erstmals unter Verwendung der GRADE-Technik (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) mit Beteiligung aller relevanten Fachdisziplinen auf der Basis einer systematischen Literaturrecherche bis August 2015 neue Leitlinien zum Management der eosinophilen Ösophagitis bei Kindern und Erwachsenen erarbeitet. Das Ziel dieses Artikels ist es, die wichtigsten Neuerungen und klinische relevanten Empfehlungen der neuen Leitlinie zusammenzufassen und zu kommentieren.
Long-Term Follow-Up in Patients with Noninvasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm with Papillary-Like Nuclear Features (NIFTP) Without a Suspicion of Persistent Disease in Postoperative Assessment
Authors: Rosario Pedro , Mourão Gabriela , Oliveira Luís , Calsolari Maria
Published: November 2017

The objective was to determine whether negative assessment after surgery is a predictor of no relevant change of the results in subsequent evaluations in patients with noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP). Six months after surgery, “absence of persistent disease” was defined when concentration of thyroglobulin (Tg) is ≤2 ng/ml in patients undergoing total thyroidectomy and ≤10 ng/ml in those undergoing lobectomy, in the absence of antithyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb), and neck ultrasonography (US) without abnormalities. One hundred thirteen patients met the definition of “absence of persistent disease”. The patients were followed up for 18–150 months. None of the patients developed structural disease. In the 56 patients undergoing total thyroidectomy, 380 Tg measurements were obtained and an increase in concentrations was not observed in any of them. During the same period, 332 US scans were performed and a suspicious lymph node was detected on only one occasion, but was not metastatic on fine needle aspiration (FNA). In the 57 patients undergoing lobectomy, 382 Tg measurements were obtained and increases or persistent concentrations>10 ng/ml were not observed in any patient. During the same period, 376 US scans were performed and nodules with an indication for FNA were detected in 4 patients, but malignancy was not confirmed in any of them. Finally, TgAb were not elevated in any of the 762 measurements obtained from the 113 patients. After complete resection of NIFTP, negative postoperative assessment can be used to exclude the need for long-term repetition of these tests.
Quality Control of Valerianae Radix by Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) Spectroscopy
Authors: Nikzad-Langerodi Ramin , Arth Katharina , Klatte-Asselmeyer Valerie , Bressler Sabine , Saukel Johannes , Reznicek Gottfried , Dobeš Christoph
Published: November 2017

(Acetoxy-)valerenic acid and total essential oil content are important quality attributes of pharmacy grade valerian root (Valerianae radix). Traditional analysis of these quantities is time-consuming and necessitates (harmful) solvents. Here we investigated an application of attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for extractionless analysis of these quality attributes on a representative sample comprising 260 wild-crafted individuals covering the Central European taxonomic diversity of the Valeriana officinalis L. s. l. species aggregate with its three major ploidy cytotypes (i.e., di-, tetra- and octoploid). Calibration models were built by orthogonal partial least squares regression for quantitative analysis of (acetoxy-)valerenic acid and total essential oil content. For the latter, we propose a simplistic protocol involving apolar extraction followed by gas chromatography as a reference method for multivariate calibration in order to handle the analysis of samples taken from individual plants. We found good predictive ability of chemometric models for quantification of valerenic acid, acetoxyvalerenic acid, total sesquiterpenoid acid, and essential oil content with a root mean squared error of cross-validation of 0.064, 0.043, and 0.09 and root mean squared error of prediction of 0.066, 0.057, and 0.09 (% content), respectively. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis revealed good discriminability between the most productive phenotype (i.e., the octoploid cytotype) in terms of sesquiterpenoid acids, and the less productive ones (i.e., di- and tetraploid). All in all, our results demonstrate the application of attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for rapid, extractionless estimation of the most important quality attributes of valerian root and minimally invasive identification of the most productive phenotype in terms of sesquiterpenoid acids.
Regeneration, restoration and resurrection: scholastic inquiries into the nature of bodily growth and decay
Authors: Gilleard Chris
Published: November 2017

Beginning in the twelfth century, a renaissance in Western European learning took place as law, medicine, natural philosophy and theology began to emerge as academic disciplines. Functioning in the context of a Christian world view, concerns over the ‘truth of human nature’ and the status of the body led numerous scholastic writers to focus on matters of the body, its growth and decay, ageing and longevity, life and death. Such issues that had long preoccupied the world of antiquity were re-oriented by the juxtaposition of medicine, philosophy and theology in the schools of Bologna, Montpelier and Paris. Stimulated in part by theological questions concerning the state of the body at the time of creation, after the fall and its re-constitution at the resurrection, the introduction of newly translated works by Aristotle, Avicenna and Galen saw these concerns expand into systematic attempts to explain ageing, longevity and the preservation of health. Within this tradition, Arnold of Villanova’s treatise on the radical moisture serves as an important illustration of these developments. While his writing was rooted in classical medicine and philosophy, less orthodox undercurrents can be detected seeking to preserve youth and extend life by alchemy and magic. Such treatises vied with the orthodoxies of Aristotle and Avicenna, while claiming the authority of the learned doctors themselves. This paper concludes by suggesting that both traditions–the orthodox and the heterodox–are evident to this day, even if couched in different terminologies.
Regenerative medicine: from the laboratory looking out
Authors: Edwards Jennifer , Thomas Richard , Guilliatt Robert
Published: November 2017

Regenerative medicine has a rich and pluralistic history, characterised by a patchwork of innovation and blind alleys. As scientific researchers, our understanding of this hybrid field of regeneration in a historical and cultural context is far from complete, in part due to the range of non-medical contributory disciplines and a fascination with the future directions of research. This paper explores the different definitions of regenerative medicine and highlights issues faced in regenerative medicine research. We argue that a closer relationship between regenerative medicine and the humanities would enable researchers to better understand the historical context, ethical implications and public perception of this rapidly developing field. In many cases, this would be through better awareness of the existing expertise available in humanities research, which is often not visible to those in the laboratory.
A micro-CL system and its applications
Authors: Wei Zenghui , Yuan Lulu , Liu Baodong , Wei Cunfeng , Sun Cuili , Yin Pengfei , Wei Long
Published: November 2017

The computed laminography (CL) method is preferable to computed tomography for the non-destructive testing of plate-like objects. A micro-CL system is developed for three-dimensional imaging of plate-like objects. The details of the micro-CL system are described, including the system architecture, scanning modes, and reconstruction algorithm. The experiment results of plate-like fossils, insulated gate bipolar translator module, ball grid array packaging, and printed circuit board are also presented to demonstrate micro-CL’s ability for 3D imaging of flat specimens and universal applicability in various fields.
SPH modeling and simulation of spherical particles interacting in a viscoelastic matrix
Authors: Vázquez-Quesada A. , Ellero M.
Published: November 2017

In this work, we extend the three-dimensional Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) non-colloidal particulate model previously developed for Newtonian suspending media in Vázquez-Quesada and Ellero [“Rheology and microstructure of non-colloidal suspensions under shear studied with smoothed particle hydrodynamics,” J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. 233, 37–47 (2016)] to viscoelastic matrices. For the solvent medium, the coarse-grained SPH viscoelastic formulation proposed in Vázquez-Quesada, Ellero, and Español [“Smoothed particle hydrodynamic model for viscoelastic fluids with thermal fluctuations,” Phys. Rev. E 79, 056707 (2009)] is adopted. The property of this particular set of equations is that they are entirely derived within the general equation for non-equilibrium reversible-irreversible coupling formalism and therefore enjoy automatically thermodynamic consistency. The viscoelastic model is derived through a physical specification of a conformation-tensor-dependent entropy function for the fluid particles. In the simple case of suspended Hookean dumbbells, this delivers a specific SPH discretization of the Oldroyd-B constitutive equation. We validate the suspended particle model by studying the dynamics of single and mutually interacting “noncolloidal” rigid spheres under shear flow and in the presence of confinement. Numerical results agree well with available numerical and experimental data. It is straightforward to extend the particulate model to Brownian conditions and to more complex viscoelastic solvents.
Biased four-point probe resistance
Authors: Garcia-Vazquez Valentin
Published: November 2017

The implications of switching the current polarity in a four-point probe resistance measurement are presented. We demonstrate that, during the inversion of the applied current, any change in the voltage V produced by a continuous drop of the sample temperature T will induce a bias in the temperature-dependent DC resistance. The analytical expression for the bias is deduced and written in terms of the variations of the measured voltages with respect to T and by the variations of T with respect to time t. Experimental data measured on a superconducting Nb thin film confirm that the bias of the normal-state resistance monotonically increases with the cooling rate dT/dt while keeping fixed dV/dT; on the other hand, the bias increases with dV/dT, reaching values up to 13% with respect to the unbiased resistance obtained at room temperature.
An algorithmic implementation of physical reflective boundary conditions in particle methods: Collision detection and response
Authors: Fraga Filho Carlos Alberto Dutra
Published: November 2017

The aim of this paper is to present a computational algorithmic implementation of physical reflective boundary conditions and applications, for use in particle methods. It is motivated by the lack of a straightforward study in the literature dedicated to the presentation of this reflective boundary condition, based on Newton’s restitution law and the foundations of analytic geometry. Particular attention is given here to the procedures of collision detection and response. The importance of the consistency of input data and an appropriate temporal integration technique for use in the particle method is also discussed. Validation tests are performed, with the results of the algorithm verified using analytical results. Numerical simulations of static and dynamic problems are carried out. The analysis of the numerical results shows that the physical reflective boundary conditions are consistent and that the algorithm has been properly implemented.
Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker spaces as submanifolds of R6: Restriction to the Klein-Gordon operator
Authors: Arias Zapata J. P. , Belokogne A. , Huguet E. , Queva J. , Renaud J.
Published: November 2017

The Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) spacetimes can be realized as submanifolds of R6. In this paper, we relate the Laplace-Beltrami operator for a homogeneous scalar field ϕ of R6 to its explicit restriction on FLRW spacetimes. We then make the link between the homogeneous solutions of the equation □6ϕ=0 in R6 and those of the Klein-Gordon equation (□f−ξRf+m2)ϕf=0 for the free field ϕf in the FLRW spacetime. We obtain as a byproduct a formula for the Ricci scalar of the FLRW spacetime in terms of the function f defining this spacetime in R6.
Modeling of coupling mechanism of wireless power transfer system and vibration phenomenon of receiver-coil in three-coil system
Authors: Liu Suqi , Tan Jianping , Wen Xue
Published: November 2017

Wireless power transfer (WPT) via coupled magnetic resonances has become a focus recently, but the mechanisms responsible for such work are uncertain. We found that WPT system is a self-organization system by utilizing self-organization theory to judge. Firstly, the circuit model was established and transfer characteristic of a system was researched by utilizing circuit theories. Thus, with the introduction of entropy variable S, the energy equation of state can be established from the energy of the transmitter side and the energy of the receiver side. According to the energy equation of state, this paper obtains two equations when the reactance of the transmitter side and the receiver side equate to zero respectively. The vibration phenomenon of the receiver-coil in a three-coil WPT system was predicted and explained. Our findings illuminate the unusual self-organization in the WPT system and explain the vibration phenomenon of the receiver-coil in a three-coil WPT system.
Double cross polarization for the indirect detection of nitrogen-14 nuclei in magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Carnevale Diego , Ji Xiao , Bodenhausen Geoffrey
Published: November 2017

Nitrogen-14 NMR spectra at fast magic-angle spinning rates can be acquired indirectly by means of two-dimensional techniques based on double cross polarization transfer 1H → 14N →1H. Experimental evidence is given for polycrystalline samples of glycine, l-histidine, and the dipeptide Ala-Gly. Either one-bond or long-range correlations can be favored by choosing the length of the cross polarization contact pulses. Longer contact pulses allow the detection of unprotonated nitrogen sites. In contrast to earlier methods that exploited second-order quadrupolar/dipolar cross-terms, cross polarization operates in the manner of the method of Hartmann and Hahn, even for 14N quadrupolar couplings up to 4 MHz. Simulations explain why amorphous samples tend to give rise to featureless spectra because the 14N quadrupolar interactions may vary dramatically with the lattice environment. The experiments are straightforward to set up and are shown to be effective for different nitrogen environments and robust with respect to the rf-field strengths and to the 14N carrier frequency during cross polarization. The efficiency of indirect detection of 14N nuclei by double cross polarization is shown to be similar to that of isotopically enriched 13C nuclei.
On the Melting Curve of Sulfur Hexafluoride
Authors: Harvey Allan H.
Published: November 2017

A previous correlation for the melting curve of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) is inconsistent with the thermodynamic slope at the triple point derived from the Clapeyron equation. It is shown that this is probably due to the previous authors combining an accurate measurement of the triple point with melting-curve data that were distorted by impurities. A new equation is proposed that is consistent with the Clapeyron slope.
Reaction-time-resolved measurements of laser-induced fluorescence in a shock tube with a single laser pulse
Authors: Zabeti S. , Fikri M. , Schulz C.
Published: November 2017

Shock tubes allow for the study of ultra-fast gas-phase reactions on the microsecond time scale. Because the repetition rate of the experiments is low, it is crucial to gain as much information as possible from each individual measurement. While reaction-time-resolved species concentration and temperature measurements with fast absorption methods are established, conventional laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) measurements with pulsed lasers provide data only at a single reaction time. Therefore, fluorescence methods have rarely been used in shock-tube diagnostics. In this paper, a novel experimental concept is presented that allows reaction-time-resolved LIF measurements with one single laser pulse using a test section that is equipped with several optical ports. After the passage of the shock wave, the reactive mixture is excited along the center of the tube with a 266-nm laser beam directed through a window in the end wall of the shock tube. The emitted LIF signal is collected through elongated sidewall windows and focused onto the entrance slit of an imaging spectrometer coupled to an intensified CCD camera. The one-dimensional spatial resolution of the measurement translates into a reaction-time-resolved measurement while the species information can be gained from the spectral axis of the detected two-dimensional image. Anisole pyrolysis was selected as the benchmark reaction to demonstrate the new apparatus.
Stochastic modelling of non-stationary financial assets
Authors: Estevens Joana , Rocha Paulo , Boto João P. , Lind Pedro G.
Published: November 2017

We model non-stationary volume-price distributions with a log-normal distribution and collect the time series of its two parameters. The time series of the two parameters are shown to be stationary and Markov-like and consequently can be modelled with Langevin equations, which are derived directly from their series of values. Having the evolution equations of the log-normal parameters, we reconstruct the statistics of the first moments of volume-price distributions which fit well the empirical data. Finally, the proposed framework is general enough to study other non-stationary stochastic variables in other research fields, namely, biology, medicine, and geology.
Nutritional and physiological responses of the dicotyledonous halophyte Sarcocornia fruticosa to salinity
Authors: García-Caparrós Pedro , Llanderal Alfonso , Pestana Maribela , Correia Pedro José , Lao María Teresa
Published: November 2017

Sarcocornia fruticosa (L.) A.J. Scott is a dicotyledonous halophyte that grows in areas with an arid climate such as the marshes of southern Spain. The species has potential uses for saline agriculture and biofuel production, but the effects of salt stress on its nutrition and physiology remain unclear. Plants of S. fruticosa were grown in pots with a mixture of sphagnum peat-moss and Perlite. In order to evaluate the effects of different levels of salinity, five treatments using different NaCl concentrations (10 (control), 60, 100, 200 and 300 mM NaCl) were applied over a period of 60 days. At the end of the experiment, the dry weight, the biomass allocation and the tissue water content were measured for each salinity treatment. The net uptake of various nutrients and their translocation rates were calculated for each salt treatment. Salt loss, shedding of plant parts and succulence in shoots were evaluated together with the K+/Na+ ratio, K-Na selectivity, concentrations of osmolytes and their estimated contributions to the osmotic potential. Our results showed that S. fruticosa can maintain its major physiological processes at 60 mM NaCl without significant dry weight reduction. Higher salinity resulted in negative values for net uptake and translocation rates from roots to shoots of N and P. As might be predicted from other dicotyledonous halophytes, S. fruticosa plants increased Cl– and Na+ uptake using both as osmotica instead of organic osmolytes. However, to survive salinity, this species has also evolved others mechanisms such as shedding old shoots, increased succulence in shoots at higher salt concentrations and the ability to maintain a lower K+/Na+ ratio and higher K-Na selectivity in all organs.