bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Cellular Therapeutics Accelerate Clot Formation
Authors: George Mitchell J. , Prabhakara Karthik , Toledano-Furman Naama E. , Wang Yao-Wei , Gill Brijesh S. , Wade Charles E. , Olson Scott D. , Cox Charles S.
Published: August 2018

Clinical cellular therapeutics (CCTs) have shown preliminary efficacy in reducing inflammation after trauma, preserving cardiac function after myocardial infarction, and improving functional recovery after stroke. However, most clinically available cell lines express tissue factor (TF) which stimulates coagulation. We sought to define the degree of procoagulant activity of CCTs as related to TF expression. CCT samples from bone marrow, adipose, amniotic fluid, umbilical cord, multi-potent adult progenitor cell donors, and bone marrow mononuclear cells were tested. TF expression and phenotype were quantified using flow cytometry. Procoagulant activity of the CCTs was measured in vitro with thromboelastography and calibrated thrombogram. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) separated samples into high- and low-TF expressing populations to isolate the contribution of TF to coagulation. A TF neutralizing antibody was incubated with samples to demonstrate loss of procoagulant function. All CCTs tested expressed procoagulant activity that correlated with expression of tissue factor. Time to clot and thrombin formation decreased with increasing TF expression. High-TF expressing cells decreased clotting time more than low-TF expressing cells when isolated from a single donor using FACS. A TF neutralizing antibody restored clotting time to control values in some, but not all, CCT samples. CCTs demonstrate wide variability in procoagulant activity related to TF expression. Time to clot and thrombin formation decreases as TF load increases and this procoagulant effect is neutralized by a TF blocking antibody. Clinical trials using CCTs are in progress and TF expression may emerge as a safety release criterion.
Noninvasive Diagnosis and Molecular Phenotyping of Breast Cancer through Microbead‐Assisted Flow Cytometry Detection of Tumor‐Derived Extracellular Vesicles
Authors: Li Wenzhe , Shao Bin , Liu Changliang , Wang Huayi , Zheng Wangshu , Kong Weiyao , Liu Xiaoran , Xu Guobin , Wang Chen , Li Huiping , Zhu Ling , Yang Yanlian
Published: August 2018

Blood‐based detection and molecular phenotyping are highly desired for the early diagnosis and dynamic monitoring of cancer. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) carry molecular information from the cells of origin and are biomarkers of cancer. However, the detection and molecular analysis of EVs has been challenging due to their nanoscaled size. Here, an assessment of the detection and molecular phenotyping of serum EVs based on microbead‐assisted flow cytometry is established. The clinical utility of this method is validated in the diagnosis and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) phenotyping of breast cancer. Good correlation between the status of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) and HER2 expression in EVs and in the cells of origin is found. Both EpCAM+ and HER2+ EVs are demonstrated to be effective diagnostic markers of breast cancer with high sensitivity and specificity. EV‐based HER2 phenotyping is consistent with tissue‐based HER2 phenotyping by immunohistochemistry and can be used as a surrogate for the invasive tissue assessments. The microbead‐assisted flow cytometry assessment of EVs enables rapid and noninvasive detection and molecular phenotyping of cancer and would help to personalized treatment and cancer survival.
Enhanced Process Integration and Device Performance of Carbon Nanotubes via Flocculation
Authors: Gao Theodore Z. , Lei Ting , Molina‐Lopez Francisco , Bao Zhenan
Published: August 2018

Polymer sorting is a promising strategy for purifying semiconducting carbon nanotubes (CNTs), offering high selectivity and yield, in addition to low cost and scalability. However, sorting conditions that maximize the yield lead to CNT dispersions with significant amounts of excess sorting polymer. This has undesirable implications for CNT device performance, such as decreased charge carrier mobility and on–off ratio. Here, a method for removing excess sorting polymer based on flocculation is demonstrated. This approach is broadly applicable to various sorting polymers and facilitates recycling of the sorting polymer. In addition, devices made with flocculated CNTs exhibit improved performance and require minimal post‐processing steps. Flocculation was found to be particularly effective for inkjet‐printed CNT transistors on SiO2, producing devices with mobilities ≈10 cm2 V‐1 s‐1 and on–off ratios ≈106. These results show that flocculation is a facile approach to improving the process integration and device performance of polymer‐sorted CNTs.
(C4C1Im)6[Hg7Se10]: The Salt of a Molecular Selenido Mercurate Anion Obtained from Ionic Liquids
Authors: Donsbach Carsten , Dehnen Stefanie
Published: August 2018

A binary selenido mercurate anion exhibiting a novel metalate topology was obtained as its salt (C4C1Im)6[Hg7Se10] (1) upon treatment of the ternary selenido mercurate K2[Hg2Se3] in the ionic liquid (C4C1Im)[BF4] (C4C1Im = 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium) in the presence of small amounts of 1,2‐diaminoethane (en) at slightly elevated temperatures (80 °C). The three‐dimensionally extended anionic substructure was disassembled this way with formation of the unprecedented heptanuclear anion [Hg7Se10]6–. The light yellow crystals of 1 are extremely sensitive to air and moisture. The structure of 1 was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, and its heavy element composition was analyzed and confirmed by micro X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy (μ‐XFS).
Systematic analysis of double-scale evolution
Authors: Scimemi Ignazio , Vladimirov Alexey
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Often the factorization of differential cross sections results in the definition of fundamental hadronic functions/distributions which have a double-scale evolution, as provided by a pair of coupled equations. Typically, the two scales are the renormalization and rapidity scales. The two-dimensional structure of their evolution is the object of the present study. In order to be more specific, we consider the case of the transverse momentum dependent distributions (TMD). Nonetheless, most of our findings can be used with other double-scale parton distributions. On the basis of the two-dimensional structure of TMD evolution, we formulate the general statement of the ζ-prescription introduced in [1], and we define an optimal TMD distribution, which is a scaleless model-independent universal non-perturbative function. Within this formulation the non-perturbative definition of the distribution is disentangled from the evolution, which clarifies the separation of perturbative and non-perturbative effects in the phenomenology. A significant part of this work is devoted to the study of the effects of truncation of perturbation theory on the double-scale evolution. We show that within truncated perturbation theory the solution of evolution equations is ambiguous and this fact generates extra uncertainties within the resummed cross-section. The alternatives to bypass this issue are discussed. Finally, we discuss the sources and distribution of the scale variation uncertainties.
Encouraging progress across Asia: JPMA report for 2017
Authors: Capus Joseph
Published: August 2018

The annual report of the Japan Powder Metallurgy Association for 2017 provides a review of developments in the Japanese PM industry together with a useful summary for the rest of Asia.
Enough is enough: the UK Prevent Strategy and normative invalidation
Authors: Bentley Michelle
Published: August 2018

The clash between national security and civil rights comprises one of the most controversial aspects of counter-radicalisation strategy. Analysts present this as a conflict between the need for restrictive security measures (for example, surveillance) and the need to uphold civil liberties (for example, privacy and freedom of speech). In responding to this dilemma, the article examines how this binary normative struggle impacts on the rhetorical presentation of counter-radicalisation policies – in particular, the UK Prevent Strategy and the rhetoric employed by UK Prime Minister and former Home Secretary, Theresa May. It argues that the normative environment has obliged May to construct rhetoric within the context of, what is termed here, normative invalidation. In facing two comparably compelling and related norms of action, May is necessarily required to invalidate or neutralise any norm not adhered to as an essential characteristic of rhetorical strategy. This is discussed in relation to the Strategic Narratives paradigm.
Droplets in isotropic turbulence: deformation and breakup statistics
Authors: Ray Samriddhi Sankar , Vincenzi Dario
Published: August 2018

The statistics of the deformation and breakup of neutrally buoyant sub-Kolmogorov ellipsoidal drops is investigated via Lagrangian simulations of homogeneous isotropic turbulence. The mean lifetime of a drop is also studied as a function of the initial drop size and the capillary number. A vector model of a drop previously introduced by Olbricht et al. (J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech., vol. 10, 1982, pp. 291–318) is used to predict the behaviour of the above quantities analytically.
Pinch-off of a viscous suspension thread
Authors: Château Joris , Guazzelli Élisabeth , Lhuissier Henri
Published: August 2018

The pinch-off of a capillary thread is studied at large Ohnesorge number for non-Brownian, neutrally buoyant, mono-disperse, rigid, spherical particles suspended in a Newtonian liquid with viscosity $\unicode[STIX]{x1D702}_{0}$ and surface tension $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}$. Reproducible pinch-off dynamics is obtained by letting a drop coalesce with a bath. The bridge shape and time evolution of the neck diameter, $h_{\mathit{min}}$, are studied for varied particle size $d$, volume fraction $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}$ and liquid contact angle $\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}$. Two successive regimes are identified: (i) a first effective-viscous-fluid regime which only depends upon $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}$ and (ii) a subsequent discrete regime, depending both on $d$ and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}$, in which the thinning localises at the neck and accelerates continuously. In the first regime, the suspension behaves as an effective viscous fluid and the dynamics is solely characterised by the effective viscosity of the suspension, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D702}_{e}\sim -\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}/{\dot{h}}_{\mathit{min}}$, which agrees closely with the steady shear viscosity measured in a conventional rheometer and diverges as $(\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}_{c}-\unicode[STIX]{x1D719})^{-2}$ at the same critical particle volume fraction, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}_{c}$. For $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}\gtrsim 35\,\%$, the thinning rate is found to increase by a factor of order one when the flow becomes purely extensional, suggesting non-Newtonian effects. The discrete regime is observed from a transition neck diameter, $h_{\mathit{min}}\equiv h^{\ast }\sim d\,(\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}_{c}-\unicode[STIX]{x1D719})^{-1/3}$, down to $h_{\mathit{min}}\approx d$, where the thinning rate recovers the value obtained for the pure interstitial fluid, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}/\unicode[STIX]{x1D702}_{0}$, and lasts $t^{\ast }\sim \unicode[STIX]{x1D702}_{e}h^{\ast }/\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}$.
Influence of plane boundary proximity on the Honji instability
Authors: Xiong Chengwang , Cheng Liang , Tong Feifei , An Hongwei
Published: August 2018

This paper presents a numerical investigation of oscillatory flow around a circular cylinder that is placed in proximity to a plane boundary that is parallel to the cylinder axis. The onset and development of the Honji instability are studied over a range of Stokes numbers ($\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$) and gap-to-diameter ratios ($e/D$) at a fixed Keulegan–Carpenter number ($KC=2$). Four flow regimes are identified in the ($e/D,\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$)-plane: (I) featureless two-dimensional flow, (II) stable Honji vortex, (III) unstable Honji vortex and (IV) chaotic flow. As $e/D$ increases from $-0.5$ (embedment) to $1$, the critical Stokes number $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}_{cr}$ for the onset of the Honji instability follows two side-by-side convex functions, peaking at the connection point of $e/D=0.125$ and reaching troughs at $e/D=0$ and 0.375. The Honji instability is always initiated on the gap side of the cylinder surface for $0.375\leqslant e/D\leqslant 2$ and occurs only on the top side for $-0.5\leqslant e/D<0.125$. The location for the initiation of the Honji instability switches from the gap side to the top side of the cylinder surface for $0.125<e/D<0.375$. No Honji instability is observed at $e/D=0.125$, where the flow three-dimensionality is developed through a different flow mechanism. Consistently, the three-dimensional kinetic energy of the flow, which represents a measure of the strength of flow three-dimensionality, varies with $e/D$ in a trend opposite to that of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}_{cr}$. Three physical mechanisms are identified as being responsible for the observed variation trend of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}_{cr}$ with $e/D$ and for various flow phenomena, which are the blockage effect induced by the geometry setting, the existence of the Stokes layer on the plane boundary and the favourable pressure gradient in the flow direction over the gap between the cylinder and the plane surface.
Endogenous Taxation in Ongoing Internal Conflict: The Case of Colombia
Authors: CH RAFAEL , SHAPIRO JACOB , STEELE ABBEY , VARGAS JUAN F.
Published: August 2018

Recent empirical evidence suggests an ambiguous relationship between internal conflicts, state capacity, and tax performance. In theory, internal conflict should create strong incentives for governments to develop the fiscal capacity necessary to defeat rivals. We argue that one reason that this does not occur is because internal conflict enables groups with de facto power to capture local fiscal and property rights institutions. We test this mechanism in Colombia using data on tax performance and property rights institutions at the municipal level. Municipalities affected by internal conflict have tax institutions consistent with the preferences of the parties dominating local violence. Those suffering more right-wing violence feature more land formalization and higher property tax revenues. Municipalities with substantial left-wing guerrilla violence collect less tax revenue and witness less land formalization. Our findings provide systematic evidence that internal armed conflict helps interest groups capture municipal institutions for their own private benefit, impeding state-building.
How Internal Constraints Shape Interest Group Activities: Evidence from Access-Seeking PACs
Authors: LI ZHAO
Published: August 2018

Interest groups contribute much less to campaigns than legally allowed. Consequently, prevailing theories infer these contributions must yield minimal returns. I argue constraints on PAC fundraising may also explain why interest groups give little. I illuminate one such constraint: access-seeking PACs rely on voluntary donations from affiliated individuals (e.g., employees), and these PACs alienate donors with partisan preferences when giving to the opposite party. First, difference-in-differences analysis of real giving shows donors withhold donations to access-seeking PACs when PACs contribute to out-partisan politicians. Next, an original survey of corporate PAC donors demonstrates they know how their PACs allocate contributions across parties, and replicates the observational study in an experiment. Donors’ partisanship thus limits access-seeking PACs’ fundraising and influence. This provides a new perspective on why there is little interest group money in elections, and has broad implications for how partisan preferences and other internal constraints shape interest group strategy.
Justification by Faith in Augustine and Origen
Authors: Bammel C. P.
Published: August 2018

Origen and Austine might be thought to represent opposite extremes in Pauline exegesis. In working out his characteristic understanding of Pauline theology Augustine developed emphases which were different from those of Origen. In his early works of Pauline exegesis of 394–6 a central point for Augustine is the relationship between works of the law and grace. Origen’s Commentary on Romans develops many Pauline themes, but he takes a more historical approach than Augustine, and a prominent emphasis for him is the relationship between Jews and Gentiles in the divine dispensation. Augustine is an independent thinker, who digests his reading and does not plagiarise. It is not always easy to identify his use of earlier writers. The example to be discussed in the following paper is of particular interest, since it gives us the opportunity of seeing Augustine’s reaction to Origen on the central point of justification by faith at a period just before the outbreak of the Pelagian controversy.
APPLICATIONS OF LIKELIHOOD RATIO ORDER IN BAYESIAN INFERENCES
Authors: Huang Kai , Mi Jie
Published: August 2018

The present paper studies the likelihood ratio order of posterior distributions of parameter when the same order exists between the corresponding prior of the parameter, or when the observed values of the sufficient statistic for the parameter differ. The established likelihood order allows one to compare the Bayesian estimators associated with many common and general error loss functions analytically. It can also enable one to compare the Bayes factor in hypothesis testing without using numerical computation. Moreover, using the likelihood ratio (LR) order of the posterior distributions can yield the LR order between marginal predictive distributions, and posterior predictive distributions.
Payments for environmental services to strengthen ecosystem connectivity in an agricultural landscape
Authors: Bateman Laura , Yi Dale , Cacho Oscar J , Stringer Randy
Published: August 2018

This article investigates the use of payments for environmental services to support a wildlife corridor between two Priority Tiger Conservation Landscapes in central Sumatra, Indonesia. Several hundred smallholders operate within a Protection Forest linking the Tiger Conservation Landscapes. This study explores the willingness of these smallholders to accept a payment requiring them to forgo access to their land for five years. In addition to asking households directly what they would be willing to accept (WTA), we also ask them to infer what their neighbour would accept. The study finds evidence of hypothetical bias in the conventional WTA values, with a statistically significant difference between what people say they would be willing to accept when surveyed, compared to what they say would actually be willing to accept in a ‘real life’ situation. We show how inferred valuation techniques can mitigate against this.
Mega (metal-poor) not so much : Non-LTE spectroscopic stellar parameters and abundance determination of Ultra metal-poor stars
Authors: Ezzeddine Rana , Sitnova Tatyana , Frebel Anna , Mashonkina Lyudmilla , Plez Bertrand
Published: August 2018

We present Non-Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium (Non-LTE) abundance corrections for Mg, Ca, and Fe in 12 ultra metal-poor (UMP) stars ([Fe/H] < −4.00). We show that they increase in absolute value toward the lower metallicity up to 0.45 dex for Mg, 0.30 dex for Ca, and 1.00 dex for Fe. This represents a first step toward a full Non-LTE analysis of chemical species in the UMP stars that will enable us to put useful constraints on the properties of the “First” stars.
The age-metallicity relation from a sample of white dwarf-main sequence binaries
Authors: Rebassa-Mansergas A. , Anguiano B. , García-Berro E. , Freeman K. C.
Published: August 2018

The age-metallicity relation (AMR) is a fundamental observational constraint for understanding how the Galactic disc formed and evolved chemically in time. However, there is not yet an agreement on the observational properties of the AMR, primarily due to the difficulty in obtaining accurate ages for individual field stars. We have started an observational campaign for providing new observational input by using wide white dwarf-main sequence (WDMS) binaries. WDs are natural clocks and can be used to derive accurate ages. Metallicities can be obtained from the MS companions. Since the progenitors of WDs and the MS stars were born at the same time, WDMS provide a unique opportunity to constrain in a robust way the properties of the AMR. We present the AMR derived from analysing a pilot sample of 23 WDMS and provide clear evidence for the lack of correlation between age and metallicity at young and intermediate ages.
YaPSI: a new database of evolutionary tracks and isochrones
Authors: Spada F. , Demarque P. , Kim Y. -C. , Boyajian T. S. , Brewer J. M.
Published: August 2018

The Yale–Potsdam Stellar Isochrones (YaPSI) cover the low and intermediate stellar mass regime (0.15 to 5.0 M⊙) for a wide range of solar-scaled chemical compositions (metallicity from −0.5 to +0.3; helium mass fraction from 0.25 to 0.37, assigned independently of each other). The tracks are finely spaced in mass, to allow for accurate interpolation. The models feature state-of-the-art input physics relevant to low-mass stars modeling (surface boundary conditions, equation of state), thus updating the faint end of the Yonsei-Yale (YY) isochrones. Utility codes, such as an isochrone interpolator in age, metallicity and helium content, are also provided. The YaPSI isochrones are in good agreement with the empirical mass–luminosity and mass–radius relations available to date, and provide satisfactory fitting of the color-magnitude diagrams of well-studied open clusters.
The vertical metallicity gradients of mono-age stellar populations in the Milky Way thin disk
Authors: Ciucă Ioana , Kawata Daisuke , Lin Jane , Casagrande Luca , Seabroke George , Cropper Mark
Published: August 2018

We investigate the vertical metallicity gradients of five mono-age stellar populations between 0 and 11 Gyr for a sample of 18 435 dwarf stars selected from the cross-matched Tycho-Gaia Astrometric Solution (TGAS) and RAdial Velocity Experiment (RAVE) Data Release 5. We find a correlation between the vertical metallicity gradients and age, with no vertical metallicity gradient in the youngest population and an increasingly steeper negative vertical metallicity gradient for the older stellar populations. We also find that the intrinsic dispersion in metallicity increases steadily with age. Our results are consistent with a scenario that thin disk stars formed from a flaring thin star-forming disk.
A large-scale variability survey for the northern Galactic plane: KISOGP
Authors: Matsunaga Noriyuki ,   KISOGP team
Published: August 2018

We have conducted a large-scale survey of variable stars in the northern Galactic plane, about 320 square degrees using Kiso Wide Field Camera attached to the 105-cm Schmidt telescope at Kiso observatory. In the KISOGP (KWFC Intensive Survey of the Galactic Plane), we collected 40–100 epoch I-band images between 2012 and 2017. In our survey region roughly 5 million stars exist down to the limiting magnitude of ~16.5 mag in I. In the initial data analysis, we detected a couple of thousands of variable stars including approximately 100 Cepheids and more than 700 Miras. More than 80 percents of them were not previously reported as variable stars, indicating that there are still many relatively bright variables to be found in the Galactic plane.
Assembly of the Galactic Halo System Based on Carbon-Enhanced Metal-Poor Stars
Authors: Lee Young Sun , Beers Timothy C. , Yoon Jinmi , Kim Young Kwang , Jeong Jaehun
Published: August 2018

There is growing evidence that, among the various subclasses of carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars, the outer halo of the Milky Way exhibits a higher frequency of CEMP-no stars (those having no over-abundances of heavy neutron-capture elements) compared with the CEMP-s stars (those with over-enhancements of the s-process elements), while the inner halo shows a higher frequency of CEMP-s stars. We map out fractions of CEMP-no and CEMP-s stars in the inner- and outer-halo populations, separated by their spatial distribution of carbonicity ([C/Fe]), a so-called “carbonicity map”, based on a sample of over 100,000 main-sequence turnoff stars with available spectroscopy from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. The CEMP-no and CEMP-s objects are classified by different levels of absolute carbon abundances for our sample, A(C). We also present kinematic and orbital characteristics of these subclasses for each population. The contrast appearing in these characteristics provides critical constraints on the assembly history of the two primary stellar components of the Galactic halo.
Large-Scale Surveys of Pulsating Stars for Studying Stellar Populations in the Inner Galaxy
Authors: Matsunaga Noriyuki
Published: August 2018

Surveys of pulsating stars in the inner Galaxy have been very limited, but recent large-scale surveys are rapidly bringing us new samples of various kinds of variable stars and new insights into stellar populations therein. Because of the severe interstellar extinction along the Galactic disc, the stellar populations in the inner Galaxy are more easily observed in the infrared, but even in the infrared the interstellar extinction may cause a serious problem in revealing their accurate characteristics. Here we review recent discoveries of Cepheids and Miras, two kinds of luminous pulsating stars with period–luminosity relation, in the inner Galaxy.
The Spatial Structure of the Galactic outer disk with LAMOST DR3 K giant stars
Authors: Wang Haifeng , Liu Chao , Deng Licai
Published: August 2018

The spatial structure of the Milky Way outer disk is characterized with ~ 70000 LAMOST DR3 K giants after carefully correction of their selection effects. By slicing the data into various Galactocentric radius bins, we are able to fit the vertical stellar density profile with a models composed of two isothermal-sheet disks and an oblate power-law halo. We find that although the thin disk is significantly flared, the radial surface density profile can extend to as far as 19 kpc. Beyond 12 kpc, only one thicker disk, rather than two disk components, are found in the samples. Moreover, the residual of the density profiles after subtracting the best fit models show different oscillation patterns in almost all range of detecting radius.
Developing an astrophysical line list for Keck/Nirspec observations of red giants in the Galactic centre
Authors: Thorsbro B. , Ryde N. , Rich R. M. , Schultheis M. , Fritz T. K. , Origlia L.
Published: August 2018

A major avenue in the study of the Galaxy is the investigation of stellar populations and Galactic chemical evolution by stellar spectroscopy. Due to the dust obscuration, stars in the centre of the Galaxy can only be observed in the near-IR wavelength region. However, existing line lists in this wavelength region are demonstratively not of good enough quality for use in stellar spectroscopy. In response to this, we have developed an empirical astrophysical line list in the K-band based on modelling against the Sun and testing against Arcturus. Of ca. 700 identified interesting lines about 570 lines have been assigned empirically determined values.
New Proper Motions of the Small Magellanic Cloud Using HST and Implications for Milky Way Mass
Authors: Zivick P. , Kallivayalil N. , Linden S. , Fritz T. , Besla G. , van der Marel R. P. , Kozłowski S. , Geha M. C. , Kochanek C. S. , Anderson J. , Alcock C. R.
Published: August 2018

As new work on the proper motions (PMs) of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) has come out, our view of the history of the Magellanic Clouds has evolved. We now believe they are on their first infall into the Milky Way (MW), having been tidally bound at the start of infall (though not necessarily now). Combining these observations with initial PMs of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) suggests a new formation mechanism of the Magellanic Stream through the stripping of material from the SMC. However, large uncertainties remain in the exact mass of the LMC. We present a measurement of the systemic proper motions of the SMC from astrometry with the Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), covering a ~3 year baseline of 30 fields with background QSOs. We find these motions to be μW = −0.82 ± 0.06 mas/yr and μN = −1.23 ± 0.07 mas/yr. Combining these measurements with previous efforts in studying the Clouds will help constrain their interactions with each other and the MW, including the mass of the LMC and the MW, as well as provide new insight into the internal dynamics of the SMC.
“Sweet Little Lies”
Authors: Kasten Nadine , Freund Philipp Alexander , Staufenbiel Thomas
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Two laboratory studies examined the potential differences in the susceptibility to faking between a construct-oriented Situational Judgment Test (SJT) that measured conscientiousness and a traditional self-report measure of personality (NEO-FFI). In both studies, the mean differences between the honest and faked conscientiousness scores indicated that the NEO-FFI was more susceptible to faking than the SJT. In Study 1, we applied a within-subjects design ( N = 137) and analyzed these differences in light of selected predictor variables derived from models of faking behavior. As a result, faking on the SJT was explained by cognitive ability alone, whereas faking on the NEO-FFI was also dependent on other personality traits that are associated with the ability to fake. In Study 2 ( N = 602), the susceptibility to faking was predicted by differences in faking styles. The results of the mixed Rasch model analyses indicated profound differences in the measures in terms of the way the response scale was used.
Validation of the Short and Extra-Short Forms of the Big Five	Inventory-2 (BFI-2) and Their German Adaptations
Authors: Rammstedt Beatrice , Danner Daniel , Soto Christopher J. , John Oliver P.
Published: August 2018

Abstract. The present study investigates the validity and utility of the German adaptations of the two short forms of the Big Five Inventory-2 (BFI-2), the 30-item BFI-2-S, and the 15-item BFI-2-XS, developed by Soto and John (2017b) . Both scales assess the Big Five domains. The BFI-2-S allows, in addition, the brief assessment of three facets per domain. Based on a large and heterogeneous sample, we show that the psychometric properties of these adapted short scales are consistent with those of the Anglo-American source versions, and we demonstrate substantial convergence between the adaptations and the source versions. Extending the original scale development study, we demonstrate high retest stability of the scales and their facets. Our results clearly indicate the construct and criterion validity of the two scales: Both show substantial convergence with the NEO-PI-R domain scales. Moreover, the distinctive correlation pattern found between the facets of the BFI-2 and the NEO-PI-R could be replicated for the facets of the BFI-2-S. Furthermore, we show that the domain scales of both instruments are associated in the hypothesized directions with important life outcomes, such as life satisfaction and intelligence, and that the facets of the BFI-2-S have incremental validity for predicting these outcomes.
Geothermal Heat Flux Reveals the Iceland Hotspot Track Underneath Greenland
Authors: Martos Yasmina M. , Jordan Tom A. , Catalán Manuel , Jordan Thomas M. , Bamber Jonathan L. , Vaughan David G.
Published: August 2018

Curie depths beneath Greenland are revealed by spectral analysis of data from the World Digital Magnetic Anomaly Map 2. A thermal model of the lithosphere then provides a corresponding geothermal heat flux map. This new map exhibits significantly higher frequency but lower amplitude variation than earlier heat flux maps and provides an important boundary condition for numerical ice‐sheet models and interpretation of borehole temperature profiles. In addition, it reveals new geologically significant features. Notably, we identify a prominent quasi‐linear elevated geothermal heat flux anomaly running northwest–southeast across Greenland. We interpret this feature to be the relic of the passage of the Iceland hotspot from 80 to 50 Ma. The expected partial melting of the lithosphere and magmatic underplating or intrusion into the lower crust is compatible with models of observed satellite gravity data and recent seismic observations. Our geological interpretation has potentially significant implications for the geodynamic evolution of Greenland.
Multiplex Networks: A Framework for Studying Multiprocess Multiscale Connectivity Via Coupled‐Network Theory With an Application to River Deltas
Authors: Tejedor Alejandro , Longjas Anthony , Passalacqua Paola , Moreno Yamir , Foufoula‐Georgiou Efi
Published: August 2018

Transport of water, nutrients, or energy fluxes in many natural or coupled human natural systems occurs along different pathways that often have a wide range of transport timescales and might exchange fluxes with each other dynamically. Although network approaches have been proposed for studying connectivity and transport properties on single‐layer networks, theories considering interacting networks are lacking. We present a general framework for transport on multiscale coupled‐connectivity systems, via multilayer networks which conceptualize the system as a set of interacting networks, each arranged in a separate layer, and with interactions across layers acknowledged by interlayer links. We illustrate this framework by examining transport in river deltas as a dynamic interaction of flow within river channels and overland flow on the islands, when controlled by the flooding level. We show the potential of the framework to answer quantitative questions related to the characteristic timescale of response in the system.
Optimal F Region Electron Density for the PolarDARN Radar Echo Detection Near the Resolute Bay Zenith
Authors: Koustov A. V. , Ponomarenko P. V. , Graf C. J. , Gillies R. G. , Themens D. R.
Published: August 2018

Operation of over‐the‐horizon radars comprising the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) relies on strong ionospheric refraction of high‐frequency (HF, f = 10–15 MHz) radiowaves such that in order to provide reliable coverage of a given geographic location, the working frequency has to be optimized with respect to the ionospheric conditions. In this work, joint observations of the Rankin Inlet, Inuvik, and Clyde River PolarDARN/SuperDARN HF radars near the Resolute Bay (RB) zenith, where the incoherent scatter radars that monitored the electron density distribution in the ionosphere, are used to assess the F region peak electron density required for HF echo detection near the RB zenith. We show that the echo occurrence rate increases with the electron density up to Ne ≈ (2 − 3) ⋅ 1011 m−3, and above this value, the occurrence rate saturates. Thus, optimum electron density for echo detection exist for every HF radar. The saturation effect is more pronounced for the Clyde River radar whose ranges of echo detection are smallest. The saturation in the dependence is reached at smaller densities for the Inuvik radar whose location is farthest from RB and for lower transmitting frequency of observations for every radar. The data presented suggest that having strong‐enough electron density in the ionosphere is the major factor for detection of HF echoes in winter or equinox.
A secretome profile indicative of oleate-induced proliferation of HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Authors: Park Soyeon , Park Ji-Hwan , Jung Hee-Jung , Jang Jin-Hyeok , Ahn Sanghyun , Kim Younah , Suh Pann-Ghill , Chae Sehyun , Yoon Jong Hyuk , Ryu Sung Ho , Hwang Daehee
Published: August 2018

Increased fatty acid (FA) is often observed in highly proliferative tumors. FAs have been shown to modulate the secretion of proteins from tumor cells, contributing to tumor survival. However, the secreted factors affected by FA have not been systematically explored. Here, we found that treatment of oleate, a monounsaturated omega-9 FA, promoted the proliferation of HepG2 cells. To examine the secreted factors associated with oleate-induced cell proliferation, we performed a comprehensive secretome profiling of oleate-treated and untreated HepG2 cells. A comparison of the secretomes identified 349 differentially secreted proteins (DSPs; 145 upregulated and 192 downregulated) in oleate-treated samples, compared to untreated samples. The functional enrichment and network analyses of the DSPs revealed that the 145 upregulated secreted proteins by oleate treatment were mainly associated with cell proliferation-related processes, such as lipid metabolism, inflammatory response, and ER stress. Based on the network models of the DSPs, we selected six DSPs (MIF, THBS1, PDIA3, APOA1, FASN, and EEF2) that can represent such processes related to cell proliferation. Thus, our results provided a secretome profile indicative of an oleate-induced proliferation of HepG2 cells.
Reassessment of pre-industrial fire emissions strongly affects anthropogenic aerosol forcing
Authors: Hamilton D. S. , Hantson S. , Scott C. E. , Kaplan J. O. , Pringle K. J. , Nieradzik L. P. , Rap A. , Folberth G. A. , Spracklen D. V. , Carslaw K. S.
Published: August 2018

Uncertainty in pre-industrial natural aerosol emissions is a major component of the overall uncertainty in the radiative forcing of climate. Improved characterisation of natural emissions and their radiative effects can therefore increase the accuracy of global climate model projections. Here we show that revised assumptions about pre-industrial fire activity result in significantly increased aerosol concentrations in the pre-industrial atmosphere. Revised global model simulations predict a 35% reduction in the calculated global mean cloud albedo forcing over the Industrial Era (1750–2000 CE) compared to estimates using emissions data from the Sixth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. An estimated upper limit to pre-industrial fire emissions results in a much greater (91%) reduction in forcing. When compared to 26 other uncertain parameters or inputs in our model, pre-industrial fire emissions are by far the single largest source of uncertainty in pre-industrial aerosol concentrations, and hence in our understanding of the magnitude of the historical radiative forcing due to anthropogenic aerosol emissions.
A selective inhibitor of ceramide synthase 1 reveals a novel role in fat metabolism
Authors: Turner Nigel , Lim Xin Ying , Toop Hamish D. , Osborne Brenna , Brandon Amanda E. , Taylor Elysha N. , Fiveash Corrine E. , Govindaraju Hemna , Teo Jonathan D. , McEwen Holly P. , Couttas Timothy A. , Butler Stephen M. , Das Abhirup , Kowalski Greg M. , Bruce Clinton R. , Hoehn Kyle L. , Fath Thomas , Schmitz-Peiffer Carsten , Cooney Gregory J. , Montgomery Magdalene K. , Morris Jonathan C. , Don Anthony S.
Published: August 2018

Specific forms of the lipid ceramide, synthesized by the ceramide synthase enzyme family, are believed to regulate metabolic physiology. Genetic mouse models have established C16 ceramide as a driver of insulin resistance in liver and adipose tissue. C18 ceramide, synthesized by ceramide synthase 1 (CerS1), is abundant in skeletal muscle and suggested to promote insulin resistance in humans. We herein describe the first isoform-specific ceramide synthase inhibitor, P053, which inhibits CerS1 with nanomolar potency. Lipidomic profiling shows that P053 is highly selective for CerS1. Daily P053 administration to mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) increases fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle and impedes increases in muscle triglycerides and adiposity, but does not protect against HFD-induced insulin resistance. Our inhibitor therefore allowed us to define a role for CerS1 as an endogenous inhibitor of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation in muscle and regulator of whole-body adiposity.
Dual stimuli-responsive rotaxane-branched dendrimers with reversible dimension modulation
Authors: Wang Xu-Qing , Wang Wei , Li Wei-Jian , Chen Li-Jun , Yao Rui , Yin Guang-Qiang , Wang Yu-Xuan , Zhang Ying , Huang Junlin , Tan Hongwei , Yu Yihua , Li Xiaopeng , Xu Lin , Yang Hai-Bo
Published: August 2018

With the aim of mimicking biological machines, in which the delicate arrangement of nanomechanical units lead to the output of specific functions upon the external stimulus, the construction of dual stimuli-responsive rotaxane-branched dendrimers was realized in this study. Starting from a switchable organometallic [2]rotaxane precursor, the employment of a controllable divergent approach allowed for the successful synthesis of a family of rotaxane-branched dendrimers up to the third generation with 21 switchable rotaxane moieties located on each branch. More importantly, upon the addition and removal of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) molecule or acetate anion as the external stimulus, the amplified responsiveness of the switchable rotaxane units endowed the resultant rotaxane-branched dendrimers the solvent- or anion-controlled molecular motions, thus leading to the dimension modulation. Therefore, we successfully constructed a family of rotaxane-branched dendrimers with dual stimuli-responsiveness that will be a privileged platform for the construction of dynamic supramolecular materials.
Comparison between transoral laser surgery and radiotherapy in the treatment of early glottic cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Guimarães André Vicente , Dedivitis Rogério Aparecido , Matos Leandro Luongo , Aires Felipe Toyama , Cernea Claudio Roberto
Published: August 2018

A therapeutic decision in the treatment of Tis/T1a glottic carcinoma with radiotherapy (RT) or transoral laser surgery (TOS) is still an open issue. Oncologic outcome and voice quality may support the choice for the latter To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare oncologic and functional outcomes of TOS and RT as treatment options for Tis/T1a glottic cancer. Literature research on online databases was carried out. Potentially eligible articles were reviewed. Relevant articles were selected and evaluated. There was statistical significance favoring patients initially treated with TOS when it comes to overall survival, disease-specific survival and larynx preservation. No difference in local control was found. TMF, Jitter and Shimmmer measurements presented statistically significant results in favor of RT. Self-assessment of voice quality (VHI) and f0 showed no statistically significant differences. Maximum Phonation Time (MPT) had a better response to RT. There is a trend in favor of RT. Tis/T1a glottic cancer patients submitted to TOS had significant overall and disease specific survival and had fewer risks of having a total laryngectomy, when compared to the radiotherapy group. The self-assessment of voice quality and f0 did not show any difference; however, Jitter, Shimmer and MPT measurements favored radiotherapy.
Synchronous multi-color laser network with daily sub-femtosecond timing drift
Authors: Şafak Kemal , Xin Ming , Peng Michael Y. , Kärtner Franz X.
Published: August 2018

Filming atoms in motion with sub-atomic spatiotemporal resolution is one of the distinguished scientific endeavors of our time. Newly emerging X-ray laser facilities are the most likely candidates to enable such a detailed gazing of atoms due to their angstrom-level radiation wavelength. To provide the necessary temporal resolution, numerous mode-locked lasers must be synchronized with ultra-high precision across kilometer-distances. Here, we demonstrate a metronome synchronizing a network of pulsed-lasers operating at different center wavelengths and different repetition rates over 4.7-km distance. The network achieves a record-low timing drift of 0.6 fs RMS measured with 2-Hz sampling over 40 h. Short-term stability measurements show an out-of-loop timing jitter of only 1.3 fs RMS integrated from 1 Hz to 1 MHz. To validate the network performance, we present a comprehensive noise analysis based on the feedback flow between the setup elements. Our analysis identifies nine uncorrelated noise sources, out of which the slave laser’s inherent jitter dominates with 1.26 fs RMS. This suggests that the timing precision of the network is not limited by the synchronization technique, and so could be much further improved by developing lasers with lower inherent noise.
Exploring the possibilities of dynamical quantum phase transitions in the presence of a Markovian bath
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Souvik , Laha Sudarshana , Bhattacharya Utso , Dutta Amit
Published: August 2018

We explore the possibility of dynamical quantum phase transitions (DQPTs) occurring during the temporal evolution of a quenched transverse field Ising chain coupled to a particle loss type of bath (local in Jordan-Wigner fermion space) using two versions of the Loschmidt overlap (LO), namely, the fidelity induced LO and the interferometric phase induced LO. The bath, on the one hand, dictates the dissipative evolution following a sudden quench and on the other, plays a role in dissipative mixed state preparation in the later part of the study. During a dissipative evolution following a sudden quench, no trace of DQPTs are revealed in both the fidelity and the interferometric phase approaches; however, remarkably the interferometric phase approach reveals the possibility of inter-steady state DQPTs in passage from one steady state to the other when the system is subjected to a quench after having reached the first steady state. We further probe the occurrences of DQPTs when the system evolves unitarily after being prepared in a mixed state of engineered purity by ramping the transverse field in a linear fashion in the presence of the bath. In this case though the fidelity approach fails to indicate any DQPT, the interferometric approach indeed unravels the possibility of occurrence of DQPTs which persists even up to a considerable loss of purity of the engineered initial state as long as a constraint relation involving the dissipative coupling and ramping time (rate) is satisfied. This constraint relation also marks the boundary between two dynamically inequivalent phases; in one the LO vanishes for the critical momentum mode (and hence DQPTs exist) while in the other no such critical mode can exist and hence the LO never vanishes.
Structural and Dynamic Characterization of Protein Domains using Paramagnetic Data
Authors: Prestegard James H. , Rogals Monique J.
Published: August 2018

This chapter highlights paramagnetic effects that have proven useful in the structural and dynamic characterization of proteins, particularly pseudocontact shifts (PCSs), paramagnetic relaxation enhancements (PREs), and field-induced residual dipolar couplings (RDCs). It discusses how these effects are implemented in commonly used structure determination and analysis software, and it gives examples of application where they have made particularly unique contributions to structural characterization.
Magnetic deep eutectic solvent-based ultrasound-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction for determination of hexanal and heptanal in edible oils followed by gas chromatography–flame ionization detection
Authors: Babaee Shirin , Daneshfar Ali
Published: August 2018

Use of a novel magnetic deep eutectic solvent (MDES), consisting of the inexpensive and simple components [choline chloride/para-cresol] [FeCl4] was examined using ultrasound-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction and back-extraction methods to determine hexanal and heptanal in edible oils.
A sensitive label-free FRET probe for glutathione based on CdSe/ZnS quantum dots and MnO2 nanosheets
Authors: Mi Yueyao , Lei Xiaoxue , Han Heyou , Liang Jiangong , Liu Lingzhi
Published: August 2018

A simple and sensitive label-free FRET probe for glutathione was constructed based on MnO2 nanosheet-modified CdSe/ZnS QDs@SiO2 nanobeads.
Hexagonal Ti2B2 monolayer: a promising anode material offering high rate capability for Li-ion and Na-ion batteries
Authors: Bo Tao , Liu Peng-Fei , Xu Juping , Zhang Junrong , Chen Yuanbo , Eriksson Olle , Wang Fangwei , Wang Bao-Tian
Published: August 2018

Combining the first-principles density functional method and crystal structure prediction techniques, we report a series of hexagonal two-dimensional transition metal borides including Sc2B2, Ti2B2, V2B2, Cr2B2, Y2B2, Zr2B2, and Mo2B2.