bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Motherhood in Context—Life Course Interviews with Young Mothers in Contact with Child Welfare
Authors: Juberg Anne , Midjo Turid , Fauske Halvor
Published: December 2020

Background: The purpose of this article is to explore how a sample of young mothers in contact with child welfare services in Norway narrate their transition to motherhood and their relation with child welfare services. Methods: The article is based on life-course interviews with the mothers, on which we have conducted a content analysis inspired by narrative theory. Results: Results show that whereas the mothers deviated from common expectations of predictability and orderliness before they became mothers, they strived to provide a “good enough” situation for their children in line with expectations in larger society ever after. Nevertheless, the complex disadvantages that the mothers said they had in several life domains concerning social networks and family support, education, working life, housing, and that were apparently already in their transition to adulthood, were likely to increase even after the mothers had decided to enter the mothering role in socially acceptable ways. Conclusions: The article concludes that child welfare services may contribute positively by acknowledging the complexity of young mothers’ living context when assessing mothering practices.
Influence of Tree Vegetation on Soil Microbial Communities in Temperate Forests and Their Potential as a Proactive Indicator of Vegetation Shift Due to Climate Change
Authors: Heo Young-Mok , Lee Hanbyul , Kwon Sun-Lul , Yoo Yeonjae , Kim Dongjun , Han Sang-Il , Lee Aslan-Hwanhwi , Kim Changmu , Kim Gyu-Hyeok , Kim Jae-Jin
Published: December 2020

Unexpected vegetation shift is a serious problem caused by climate change, resulting in considerable damage to local communities. It is necessary to be continuously monitored, and the soil microbial community is expected to reflect the pressure on forest ecosystems due to climate change. We investigated soil bacterial and fungal communities in Odaesan at a four-year interval through eDNA meta-barcoding and analyzed the compositional and functional differences between forest types (Mongolian oak (Quercus mongolica) forest with and without Manchurian firs (Abies holophylla)) and sampling years. As a result, denitrifiers predominated in the presence of Manchurian firs, but there was no difference in the influence of climate change by forest type. Although tree vegetation remained stable, the microbial communities significantly changed over four years. This result demonstrates that climate change significantly shifts the microbial communities, even if not enough to trigger a vegetation shift, thus a microbial indicator can be developed to assess the press disturbance accumulated on the forest ecosystem. Through this study, we identified the influence of Manchurian firs and that of climate change on soil microbial communities in temperate forests and demonstrated the potential of the microbial community as a proactive indicator of vegetation shift due to climate change.
Effectiveness of Fear and Crime Prevention Strategy for Sustainability of Safe City
Authors: Lim Seng Boon , Yong Chee Kong , Malek Jalaluddin Abdul , Jali Mohd Fuad Mat , Awang Abd Hair , Tahir Zurinah
Published: December 2020

Crime is a manifestation of incivility that society attempts to curb, yet faces enormous challenges, as crime is a by-product of urbanization and human advancement. As more agglomeration of the population in cities around the globe, humankind’s safety from being threatened by crime needed to be safeguard to sustain everyday living in cities. Humans’ co-existence with crime and fear of crime in cities vis-a-vis efforts preventing it from occurring has been widely carried out in developed countries. An increasing trend is showing in emerging and developing countries. Therefore, this article provides empirical evidence regarding a safe city program launched in Malaysia. This study aims to identify the factors contributing to the prevention of crime and fear of crime. This study employed a survey questionnaire to 400 pedestrians’ perceptions of Kuala Lumpur city’s central business district. The result showed that prevention methods through the actor of “capable guardians” (i.e., authorities) are effective; however, methods through the actor of “suitable victims” (i.e., communities) is ineffective. Further studies should explore perspective of the actor of “likely offenders” (i.e., criminals) to fill in the gap of safe city program’s effectiveness and sustainability.
The Role and Influence of Industry 4.0. in Airport Operations in the Context of COVID-19
Authors: Drljača Miroslav , Štimac Igor , Bračić Matija , Petar Saša
Published: December 2020

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, aviation at the global level is currently facing one of the biggest challenges in its sustainability. The entire philosophy related to airport operations and passenger processing changes due to the fast-spreading nature of this disease. The “new normal” in the aviation sector, primarily at the airport, will provide the passenger a different quality level of service in comparison to what we used to have until now. Following World Health Organization measures, especially those related to social distances, the future focus will be on the implementation of fully automated self-service passenger traffic flows that will change the airport passenger traffic flows’ processing structure. This paper shows current technologies and processes and how this “new normal” will change philosophy related to Industry 4.0 at the airport passenger operations, functionality, and human resource (HR) planning and optimizations.
Influences of Reference Group on Users’ Purchase Intentions in Network Communities: From the Perspective of Trial Purchase and Upgrade Purchase
Authors: Ding Shuiping , Lin Jie , Zhang Zhenyu
Published: December 2020

Reference group is an important factor influencing users’ purchase in the network communities. The reference group’s influences involve informative influence and normative influence, and users’ purchases are divided into the trial purchase and upgrade purchase. In different purchases, users have different product information, consumer experience, and purchase attitudes, making different responses to the reference group. Thus, a research model of reference groups’ influences on users’ purchase intentions from the perspective of trial purchase and upgrade purchase is constructed. The model and hypotheses are tested by analyzing 349 valid questionnaires. The results indicate that both informative and normative influences have significant positive effects on users’ trial purchase intentions. Informative influence has a significant positive effect on users’ upgrade intentions, while the normative influence on users’ upgrade purchase intentions is not significant. Both informative influence and normative influence have significant positive effects on trust in the product. Trust in the product has a significant positive effect on trial purchase intentions, but its effect on upgrade purchase intentions is not significant. Purchase involvement positively regulates the relationship between informative influence and trial purchase intentions and negatively regulates the relationship between informative influence and upgrade purchase intentions. The results further enrich the theoretical system of users’ purchase behaviors in a virtual environment. The research can also have important implications for network communities wishing to improve online marketing.
Prediction of Remaining Life for Bridge Decks Considering Deterioration Factors and Propose of Prioritization Process for Bridge Deck Maintenance
Authors: Kim Ki Hwan , Nam Moon S. , Hwang Hoon Hee , Ann Ki Yong
Published: December 2020

Aged highway bridges have become substantially prevalent in recent years. Moreover, combined deterioration, caused by using deicing agents in winter, has led to increased bridge maintenance costs. Accordingly, to extend the service life of bridge decks, this study utilized actual inspection data and major deterioration factors to derive the remaining service life of bridge decks. Based on this study, the following three factors are selected: deicing agent exposure grade, pavement condition state, and surface improvement status. Performance degradation curves were derived for 11 cases that considered the representative three deterioration factors, and the performance degradation of decks was examined for each deterioration factor. Additionally, a process to determine maintenance priorities, using the current condition of highway bridges and the deterioration factors of individual bridges, was proposed. The maintenance demand was predicted based on the end of deck life, which indicated that the demand for deck replacement will sharply increase in 15 years, and that the decks of more than 2000 bridges will reach the end of life in 40 years. Furthermore, this paper proposes a process for prioritizing the maintenance of approximately 9000 highway bridge decks. By applying the prioritization process for bridge deck maintenance to the bridge deck, not only can the life of the bridge deck be extended, but also environmental pollution can be minimized. Additionally, an optimizing design for bridge decks, by considering the remaining life and deterioration factors, can be possible. Therefore, it is expected that the sustainability of the bridge deck can be accomplished.
Recycling Untreated Coal Bottom Ash with Added Value for Mitigating Alkali–Silica Reaction in Concrete: A Sustainable Approach
Authors: Abbas Safeer , Arshad Uzair , Abbass Wasim , Nehdi Moncef L. , Ahmed Ali
Published: December 2020

Each year, about 730 million tons of bottom ash is generated in coal fired power plants worldwide. This by-product can be used as partial replacement for Portland cement, favoring resource conservation and sustainability. Substantial research has explored treated and processed coal bottom ash (CBA) for possible use in the construction industry. The present research explores using local untreated and raw CBA in mitigating the alkali–silica reaction (ASR) of reactive aggregates in concrete. Mortar bar specimens incorporating various proportions of untreated CBA were tested in accordance with ASTM C1260 up to 150 days. Strength activity index (SAI) and thermal analysis were used to assess the pozzolanic activity of CBA. Specimens incorporating 20% CBA achieved SAI greater than 75%, indicating pozzolanic activity. Mixtures incorporating CBA had decreased ASR expansion. Incorporating 20% CBA in mixtures yielded 28-day ASR expansion of less than the ASTM C1260 limit value of 0.20%. Scanning electron microscopy depicted ASR induced microcracks in control specimens, while specimens incorporating CBA exhibited no microcracking. Moreover, low calcium-to-silica ratio and reduced alkali content were observed in specimens incorporating CBA owing to alkali dilution and absorption, consequently decreasing ASR expansion. The toxicity characteristics of CBA indicated the presence of heavy metals below the US-EPA limits. Therefore, using local untreated CBA in concrete as partial replacement for Portland cement can be a non-hazardous alternative for reducing the environmental overburden of cement production and CBA disposal, with the added benefit of mitigating ASR expansion and its associated costly damage, leading to sustainable infrastructure.
A Study on the Effects of Waiting Time for Airport Security Screening Service on Passengers’ Emotional Responses and Airport Image
Authors: Kim Mun Hwan , Park Jin Woo , Choi Yu Jin
Published: December 2020

The ultimate purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of perceived waiting time for airport security screening service had on airport image through the medium of passengers’ psychological and emotional responses. For this purpose, a survey was conducted in passengers using Incheon International Airport and Gimpo International Airport. A total of 294 questionnaires were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Perceived waiting time was found to have statistically significant effects on wasted time, boredom, and neglect among the sub-factors for airline passengers’ psychological responses. Wasted time had a positive effect on negative emotional response and had a negative influence on acceptability. In addition, acceptability had a positive effect on airport image. The results of this study can be utilized not only as basic data for future airport security screening service research, but also have a positive impact on airport sustainability by increasing airport security and safety.
Formal and Informal Governance Arrangements to Boost Sustainable and Inclusive Rural-Urban Synergies: An Analysis of the Metropolitan Area of Styria
Authors: Oedl-Wieser Theresia , Hausegger-Nestelberger Kerstin , Dax Thomas , Bauchinger Lisa
Published: December 2020

In the past, the contrasts between rural and urban regions were the primary feature of analysis, while today, spatial dynamics are realized by the interactions between spaces and focus on the dependencies of rural-urban areas. This implies that boundaries are not anymore perceived as fixed but as flexible and fluid. With rising spatial interrelations, the concept of the “city-region” has been increasingly regarded as a meaningful concept for the implementation of development policies. Governance arrangements working at the rural-urban interface are often highly complex. They are characterized by horizontal and vertical coordination of numerous institutional public and private actors. In general, they provide opportunities to reap benefits and try to ameliorate negative outcomes but, due to asymmetric power relations, rural areas are often challenged to make their voice heard within city-region governance structures which can too easily become focused on the needs of the urban areas. This paper addresses these issues of rural-urban partnerships through the case of the Metropolitan Area of Styria. It presents analyses on the core issue of how to recognize the structure and driving challenges for regional co-operation and inter-communal collaboration in this city-region. Data were collected through workshops with regional stakeholders and interviews with mayors. Although the Metropolitan Area of Styria occupies an increased reference in policy discourses, the city-region has not grown to a uniform region and there are still major differences in terms of economic performance, the distribution of decision-making power, accessibility and development opportunities. If there should be established a stronger material and imagined cohesion in the city-region, it requires enhanced assistance for municipalities with less financial and personal resources, and tangible good practices of inter-municipal co-operation. The ability to act at a city-regional level depends highly on the commitment for co-operation in the formal and informal governance arrangement, and on the willingness for political compromises as well as on the formulation of common future goals.
Analysis of Window-Opening Patterns and Air Conditioning Usage of Urban Residences in Tropical Southeast Asia
Authors: Mori Hiroshi , Kubota Tetsu , Antaryama I Gusti Ngurah , Ekasiwi Sri Nastiti N.
Published: December 2020

Window-opening is one of the most important adaptive behaviours affecting indoor thermal comfort as well as household energy consumption in the tropics. In this study, large-scale surveys were conducted in major cities of Malaysia and Indonesia to extract various typical daily patterns of window-opening, air conditioning (AC) usage and fan usage among occupants in the tropics through a data mining approach based on a cluster analysis. Furthermore, influential factors for window-opening patterns, focusing especially on contextual factors and household attributes, were determined through a logistic regression analysis. As a result, several typical daily patterns of window-opening, AC usage and fan usage were extracted, respectively, even under the same hot-humid climate. It was found that household size, age of respondent, household income and concerns about insects were the most influential factors for daily window-opening patterns. The results of this study will fill the existing knowledge gap in driving factors of occupant behaviour in the tropics in which few studies have been conducted.
PV Monitoring System for a Water Pumping Scheme with a Lithium-Ion Battery Using Free Open-Source Software and IoT Technologies
Authors: Gimeno-Sales Francisco José , Orts-Grau Salvador , Escribá-Aparisi Alejandro , González-Altozano Pablo , Balbastre-Peralta Ibán , Martínez-Márquez Camilo Itzame , Gasque María , Seguí-Chilet Salvador
Published: December 2020

The development of photovoltaic (PV) technology is now a reality. The inclusion of lithium-ion batteries in grid-connected PV systems is growing, and the sharp drop in prices for these batteries will enable their use in applications such as PV water pumping schemes (PVWPS). A technical solution for the monitoring and tracking of PV systems is shown in this work, and a novel quasi-real-time monitoring system for a PVWPS with a Li-ion battery is proposed in which open-source Internet of Things (IoT) tools are used. The purpose of the monitoring system is to provide a useful tool for the operation, management, and development of these facilities. The experimental facility used to test the monitoring system includes a 2.4 kWpk photovoltaic field, a 3.6 kVA hybrid inverter, a 3.3 kWh/3 kW lithium-ion battery, a 2.2 kVA variable speed driver, and a 1.5 kW submersible pump. To address this study, data acquisition is performed using commercial hardware solutions that communicate using a Modbus-RTU protocol over an RS485 bus and open software. A Raspberry Pi is used in the data gateway stage, including a PM2 free open-source process manager to increase the robustness and reliability of the monitoring system. Data storage is performed in a server using InfluxDB for open-source database storage and Grafana as open-source data visualization software. Data processing is complemented with a configurable data exporter program that enables users to select and copy the data stored in InfluxDB. Excel or .csv files can be created that include the desired variables with a defined time interval and with the desired data granularity. Finally, the initial results of the monitoring system are presented, and the possible uses of the acquired data and potential users of the system are identified and described.
Unified Visual Working Memory without the Anterior Corpus Callosum
Authors: Pinto Yair , de Haan Edward H.F. , Villa Maria-Chiara , Siliquini Sabrina , Polonara Gabriele , Passamonti Claudia , Lattanzi Simona , Foschi Nicoletta , Fabri Mara
Published: December 2020

One of the most fundamental, and most studied, human cognitive functions is working memory. Yet, it is currently unknown how working memory is unified. In other words, why does a healthy human brain have one integrated capacity of working memory, rather than one capacity per visual hemifield, for instance. Thus, healthy subjects can memorize roughly as many items, regardless of whether all items are presented in one hemifield, rather than throughout two visual hemifields. In this current research, we investigated two patients in whom either most, or the entire, corpus callosum has been cut to alleviate otherwise untreatable epilepsy. Crucially, in both patients the anterior parts connecting the frontal and most of the parietal cortices, are entirely removed. This is essential, since it is often posited that working memory resides in these areas of the cortex. We found that despite the lack of direct connections between the frontal cortices in these patients, working memory capacity is similar regardless of whether stimuli are all presented in one visual hemifield or across two visual hemifields. This indicates that in the absence of the anterior parts of the corpus callosum working memory remains unified. Moreover, it is important to note that memory performance was not similar across visual fields. In fact, capacity was higher when items appeared in the left visual hemifield than when they appeared in the right visual hemifield. Visual information in the left hemifield is processed by the right hemisphere and vice versa. Therefore, this indicates that visual working memory is not symmetric, with the right hemisphere having a superior visual working memory. Nonetheless, a (subcortical) bottleneck apparently causes visual working memory to be integrated, such that capacity does not increase when items are presented in two, rather than one, visual hemifield.
Method for Effectiveness Assessment of Electronic Warfare Systems in Cyberspace
Authors: Choi Seungcheol , Kwon Oh-Jin , Oh Haengrok , Shin Dongkyoo
Published: December 2020

Current electronic warfare (EW) systems, along with the rapid development of information and communication technology, are essential elements in the modern battlefield associated with cyberspace. In this study, an efficient evaluation framework is proposed to assess the effectiveness of various types of EW systems that operate in cyberspace, which is recognized as an indispensable factor affecting modern military operations. The proposed method classifies EW systems into primary and sub-categories according to EWs’ types and identifies items for the measurement of the effectiveness of each EW system by considering the characteristics of cyberspace for evaluating the damage caused by cyberattacks. A scenario with an integrated EW system incorporating two or more different types of EW equipment is appropriately provided to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed framework in cyber electromagnetic warfare. The scenario explicates an example of assessing the effectiveness of EW systems under cyberattacks. Finally, the proposed method is demonstrated sufficiently by assessing the effectiveness of the EW systems using the scenario.
Multi-Level P2P Traffic Classification Using Heuristic and Statistical-Based Techniques: A Hybrid Approach
Authors: Bhatia Max , Sharma Vikrant , Singh Parminder , Masud Mehedi
Published: December 2020

Peer-to-peer (P2P) applications have been popular among users for more than a decade. They consume a lot of network bandwidth, due to the fact that network administrators face several issues such as congestion, security, managing resources, etc. Hence, its accurate classification will allow them to maintain a Quality of Service for various applications. Conventional classification techniques, i.e., port-based and payload-based techniques alone, have proved ineffective in accurately classifying P2P traffic as they possess significant limitations. As new P2P applications keep emerging and existing applications change their communication patterns, a single classification approach may not be sufficient to classify P2P traffic with high accuracy. Therefore, a multi-level P2P traffic classification technique is proposed in this paper, which utilizes the benefits of both heuristic and statistical-based techniques. By analyzing the behavior of various P2P applications, some heuristic rules have been proposed to classify P2P traffic. The traffic which remains unclassified as P2P undergoes further analysis, where statistical-features of traffic are used with the C4.5 decision tree for P2P classification. The proposed technique classifies P2P traffic with high accuracy (i.e., 98.30%), works with both TCP and UDP traffic, and is not affected even if the traffic is encrypted.
Potentially Infectious Novel Hepatitis A Virus Strains Detected in Selected Treated Wastewater Discharge Sources, South Africa
Authors: Rachida Saïd , Taylor Maureen Beatrice
Published: December 2020

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a waterborne pathogen of public health importance. In South Africa (SA), unique HAV subgenotype IB strains have been detected in surface and wastewater samples, as well as on fresh produce at the point of retail. However, due to the use of molecular-based assays, the infectivity of the detected strains was unknown. Considering the potential shift of HAV endemicity from high to intermediate, which could increase the risk of severe symptomatic disease, this study investigated the identity of HAV strains detected before and after viability treatment of selected wastewater discharge samples. For one year, 118 samples consisting of sewage, treated wastewater discharge and downstream dam water were collected from five wastewater treatment plants (WWTP 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5). Unique HAV IB strains were detected in samples from all five WWTPs, with 11 of these strains carrying amino acid mutations at the immunodominant and neutralisation epitopes. A quasispecies dynamic of HAV has also been detected in sewage samples. The subsequent application of viability PCR revealed that potentially infectious HAV strains were discharged from WWTP 1, 2, 4 and 5 into the dam. Therefore, there is a potential risk of HAV exposure to communities using water sources downstream the WWTPs.
Optimization of Hydrologic Response Units (HRUs) Using Gridded Meteorological Data and Spatially Varying Parameters
Authors: Poblete David , Arevalo Jorge , Nicolis Orietta , Figueroa Felipe
Published: December 2020

Although complex hydrological models with detailed physics are becoming more common, lumped and semi-distributed models are still used for many applications and offer some advantages, such as reduced computational cost. Most of these semi-distributed models use the concept of the hydrological response unit or HRU. In the original conception, HRUs are defined as homogeneous structured elements with similar climate, land use, soil and/or pedotransfer properties, and hence a homogeneous hydrological response under equivalent meteorological forcing. This work presents a quantitative methodology, called hereafter the principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis or PCA/HCPC method, to construct HRUs using gridded meteorological data and hydrological parameters. The PCA/HCPC method is tested using the water evaluation and planning system (WEAP) model for the Alicahue River Basin, a small and semi-arid catchment of the Andes, in Central Chile. The results show that with four HRUs, it is possible to reduce the relative within variance of the catchment up to about 10%, an indicator of the homogeneity of the HRUs. The evaluation of the simulations shows a good agreement with streamflow observations in the outlet of the catchment with an Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) value of 0.79 and also shows the presence of small hydrological extreme areas that generally are neglected due to their relative size.
Biochar as an Eco-Friendly and Economical Adsorbent for the Removal of Colorants (Dyes) from Aqueous Environment: A Review
Authors: Srivatsav Prithvi , Bhargav Bhaskar Sriharsha , Shanmugasundaram Vignesh , Arun Jayaseelan , Gopinath Kannappan Panchamoorthy , Bhatnagar Amit
Published: December 2020

Dyes (colorants) are used in many industrial applications, and effluents of several industries contain toxic dyes. Dyes exhibit toxicity to humans, aquatic organisms, and the environment. Therefore, dyes containing wastewater must be properly treated before discharging to the surrounding water bodies. Among several water treatment technologies, adsorption is the most preferred technique to sequester dyes from water bodies. Many studies have reported the removal of dyes from wastewater using biochar produced from different biomass, e.g., algae and plant biomass, forest, and domestic residues, animal waste, sewage sludge, etc. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the application of biochar as an eco-friendly and economical adsorbent to remove toxic colorants (dyes) from the aqueous environment. This review highlights the routes of biochar production, such as hydrothermal carbonization, pyrolysis, and hydrothermal liquefaction. Biochar as an adsorbent possesses numerous advantages, such as being eco-friendly, low-cost, and easy to use; various precursors are available in abundance to be converted into biochar, it also has recyclability potential and higher adsorption capacity than other conventional adsorbents. From the literature review, it is clear that biochar is a vital candidate for removal of dyes from wastewater with adsorption capacity of above 80%.
Temperature and Consolidation Sensing Near Drinking Water Wells Using Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors
Authors: Drusová Sandra , Wagterveld R. Martijn , Keesman Karel J. , Offerhaus Herman L.
Published: December 2020

Drinking water wells require continuous monitoring to prevent groundwater-related issues such as pollution, clogging and overdrafting. In this research, optical fibers with fiber Bragg grating sensors were placed in an aquifer to explore their potential use in long-term well monitoring. Fiber Bragg grating sensors were simultaneously sensitive to consolidation strain and temperature, and these two responses were separated by creating autoregressive consolidation models. Consolidation responses from these multiple sensors were rescaled to obtain pressure distribution along the depth. Pressure and temperature data showed impermeable soil layers and locations where groundwater accumulated. Time development of temperature along the fiber revealed oxidation of minerals and soil layers with varying permeability. Fiber Bragg grating sensors are useful tools to examine subsurface processes near wells and they can show the first signs of clogging.
Changing Low Flow and Streamflow Drought Seasonality in Central European Headwaters
Authors: Vlach Vojtech , Ledvinka Ondrej , Matouskova Milada
Published: December 2020

In the context of the ongoing climate warming in Europe, the seasonality and magnitudes of low flows and streamflow droughts are expected to change in the future. Increasing temperature and evaporation rates, stagnating precipitation amounts and decreasing snow cover will probably further intensify the summer streamflow deficits. This study analyzed the long-term variability and seasonality of low flows and streamflow droughts in fifteen headwater catchments of three regions within Central Europe. To quantify the changes in the low flow regime of selected catchments during the 1968–2019 period, we applied the R package lfstat for computing the seasonality ratio (SR), the seasonality index (SI), mean annual minima, as well as for the detection of streamflow drought events along with deficit volumes. Trend analysis of summer minimum discharges was performed using the Mann–Kendall test. Our results showed a substantial increase in the proportion of summer low flows during the analyzed period, accompanied with an apparent shift in the average date of low flow occurrence towards the start of the year. The most pronounced seasonality shifts were found predominantly in catchments with the mean altitude 800–1000 m.a.s.l. in all study regions. In contrast, the regime of low flows in catchments with terrain above 1000 m.a.s.l. remained nearly stable throughout the 1968–2019 period. Moreover, the analysis of mean summer minimum discharges indicated a much-diversified pattern in behavior of long-term trends than it might have been expected. The findings of this study may help identify the potentially most vulnerable near-natural headwater catchments facing worsening summer water scarcity.
Moroccan Students’ Attitudes Towards Local and Foreign Languages: The Role of Self-Directed and Language Policy Forces
Authors: Bouziane Abdelmajid
Published: December 2020

Ths article contributes to the hot debate on language preferences and choice at schools and society at large in Morocco from an empirical perspective. It investigates the Moroccan students’ attitudes towards the languages they use in their daily interactions and those that are widely used in the Moroccan education system and attempts to explain whether these attitudes are driven by intrinsic forces or by the language policy orientations set by decision makers. To do so, 1,477 respondents belonging to different school levels and disciplines completed a survey about their frequency of use and mastery of languages, as well as their preferences of language use in the future. Findings show that Moroccan students have positive attitudes towards all languages and would like to use foreign languages for instrumental purposes. They also show that such positive attitudes do not depend on the level of mastery of these languages, nor on their use as mediums of instruction or communication. The findings imply that attitudes towards languages in Morocco are rooted in factors beyond the official policy orientations.
Gluten-Associated Pathology: Focusing on Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors:   Omsk State Medical University, Gaus O.V. , Livzan M.A. , Popello D.V.
Published: December 2020

Wheat is an essential part of the diet of many people around the world. Despite the many beneficial aspects of eating wheat products, they can be associated with the development of a variety of diseases. The spectrum of gluten-associated pathologies includes celiac disease, wheat allergy, and non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS). The clinical symptoms of gluten-associated pathology are similar to those of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Diagnosis of celiac disease and wheat allergy is now straightforward. NCGS remains a diagnosis of exclusion due to the lack of specific biomarkers and standardized research methods. Many patients with IBS consider themselves gluten-sensitive and their symptoms are relieved by a gluten-free diet. Most likely it is NCGS that occurs in a heterogeneous group of patients with IBS. However it remains controversial whether the development of symptoms in this case is associated with gluten itself or with other components of wheat, such as non-gluten proteins and FODMAPs.
Review of Ihor Nemchynov’s monograph “Малининъ/Malinin: Reconstruction of the “Lost Biography” of Kyiv Professor” – Vinnytsia: Baranovska T. P., 2019, 194 p.
Authors: Мозгова Наталія
Published: December 2020

Ihor Nemchynov's monograph is the first attempt to bring back, after more than a hundred years of absolute oblivion, the name of professor Vasyl Mykolayovych Malinin (1849-1927), author of literary treatise on Elder Philophey, to the wide public and scientific community. To me, as a researcher of such a unique cultural and educational center of Kyiv of the XIX century. as the Kyiv Theological Academy (KTA), it is especially pleasing to note that the work of the author stands out for a careful, caring and respectful attitude both to the study of the professor's personal life and to the reconstruction of the wide panorama of socio-political and cultural-educational processes that took place in the middle of the XIXth century both in the territory of the Russian Empire in general and in Kyiv in particular.
Image of an “Enemy” as a Factor of Constructing the Ukrainian National Identity
Authors: Кривда Наталія , Сторожук Світлана
Published: December 2020

The article shows that contrary to the fact that constructing the image of an “Enemy” for a long time has been remaining an inseparable element of the strategy of forming a national identity, yet it should be regarded as a rudiment of the national policy of the modern period, since then homogeneous national identity was the only way to gain political independence of a conscious proper cultural cutoff of the community. Meanwhile, in today’s conditions, the formation of a homogeneous national identity is a conflict strategy that can lead to a social split and fragmentation of the state borders. Given this, strategies that are aimed at ensuring a high level of citizens’ loyalty to the political state institutions on the basis of “constitutional”, “territorial”, “regional” and other patriotism seem more fruitful. Under conditions of implementing such a strategy and rational cultural policy aimed at developing a system of super-ethnic values that will be shared by the majority of the population of a certain state, it is possible to overcome the world-view split and save the national identity.
Characterization of pistachio processing industry wastewater and investigation of chemical pretreatment
Authors: Tırınk Sevtap , Nuhoğlu Alper , Kul Sinan
Published: December 2020

This study was carried out in two stages; in the first stage of the study, wastewater characterization of wastewater originating from the pistachio industry was primarily completed, and in the second stage, chemical pre-treatment studies were completed. Pistachio wastewater used in the study was obtained from a pistachio processing factory located in Gaziantep province. In chemical treatment studies, montmorillonite clay, AlCl3, Al2(SO4)3, Fe2(SO4)3 and FeCl3 were used as coagulants. As a result of chemical treatability tests, AlCl3 was determined to be the best coagulant. With AlCl3 at optimum dosage and optimum pH value, 99.6% suspended solid (SS) removal efficiency, 65.8% chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency and 85.5% total phenol (TP) removal efficiency were obtained.
ПРОБЛЕМЫ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ РЕГИОНАЛЬНОГО ДРАМАТИЧЕСКОГО ТЕАТРА В США. ОПЫТ ТЕАТРА «ЭЛЛИ»
Authors:   Российский институт театрального искусства - ГИТИС, САМИТОВ Д. Г
Published: December 2020

Статья исследует художественно-организационную стратегию регионального некоммерческого театра «Элли» от первых дней его существования до 2010 г. Автор впервые рассматривает взаимосвязь творческих и организационных задач, стоящих перед негосударственным театром на примере театра «Элли», который стремился к настойчивому воплощению своих художественных программ. После принятия Закона о некоммерческих организациях в США стали развиваться именно такие театральные коллективы, которые и создали устойчивую структуру, характеризующую особенности современного национального американского театра. Театры могли создаваться, как правило, яркими личностями в мегаполисах с большим научно-образовательным потенциалом и мощной университетской средой, как, например, в Хьюстоне. Используя методы исторического описания и сравнительного анализа, автор рассматривает процессы в театральном коллективе, происходящие ради создания и показа главного – спектакля для широкого зрителя. Методологической и фактической базой работы стали труды Дж. Зейглера, Дж. Новика, С. Литтла, материалы и отчеты Группы театральных коммуникаций (TCG), которые подтверждают миссию «Элли». Опыт этого театра, имеющего распространенную модель управления художественным руководителем и директором, позволяет выделить универсальные черты жизни подобных драматических некоммерческих коллективов США. Опыт социокультурного развития «Элли» актуален для практики современного российского театра, существующего за пределами государственного регулирования. Общественная поддержка зрителями сегодня, помимо государственных субсидий, является важным элементом функционирования некоммерческого театра в России. Анализ истории театра «Элли» и его репертуарной политики раскрывает основные составляющие успеха этого коллектива: бережное отношение к своей аудитории, характеризующееся установкой на формирование у зрителя вкуса к серьезной драматургии; четкая конвергентная организационно-творческая модель, обеспечивающая долгую успешную деятельность театра; разносторонность постоянной широкой общественной поддержки, необходимой для существования регионального театра.
ПУТЬ ПАРАДОКСОВ. АКТУАЛЬНАЯ ОБРАЗНОСТЬ СОВЕТСКОГО ЦИРКА 1920-1930-х гг.
Authors:   Российский институт театрального искусства - ГИТИС, НЕМЧИНСКИЙ М. И.
Published: December 2020

В статье на новых архивных источниках анализируются факты истории отечественного цирка, определившие тенденции его развития в 1920–1930-е гг. как синтез различных видов искусств. Еще в 1928 г. в советской печати появились призывы к сохранению самоидентичности циркового искусства через отказ от театрализации, однако вся история развития этого синтетического по природе феномена, а также практика первых лет существования молодого советского госцирка свидетельствуют о самобытности развития этого вида искусства, требующего активного взаимодействия театра, музыки, искусства хореографии, спорта. Интернациональное по сути цирковое искусство преображалось в каждой стране, вбирая ее культуру и идеологию. Советское цирковое искусство как самостоятельная ветвь мирового процесса прошло большой путь после национализации в 1919 г. Это был стремительный путь интернационализации – от включения приглашенных иностранных номеров до обретения неповторимого стиля, выражавшегося в ярком идеологическом посыле, массовости зрелища, включении в программы этнического компонента. Зрелище цирка, построенное на различных физических навыках, соотносится с идеей целостного сценического действа. Цирк от начала своего существования постоянно драматизировал трюки, номера и представления. Он последовательно утверждал себя через создание полноценного спектакля самодостаточным арсеналом средств. Образное насыщение его номеров, взаимоотношений партнеров, профессиональных навыков всех жанров.
Aplikasi Augmented Reality (AR) dengan Metode Marker Based sebagai Media Pengenalan Hewan Darat pada Anak Usia Dini menggunakan Algoritma Fast Corner Detection (FCD)
Authors: Syahputra Adryan , Andryana Septi , Gunaryati Aris
Published: December 2020

Education in children is not only learning from books, with the development of educational technology it can be done using technological equipment such as computers, smartphones, or gadgets. The use of the Augmented reality application can be used as an example in learning in early childhood by introducing land animals in 3D. This study aims to provide education, especially to children, about the introduction of land animals by utilizing augmented reality technology. This research uses a marker-based tracking method and a fast corner detection algorithm. The results of the study resulted in an application that contained the introduction of land animals consisting of dogs, horses, kangaroos, cats, wolves, elephants, deer, camels, giraffes, and cows. Brief information about each animal, designed to be as attractive as possible for children. Applications can run on the Android operating system.Keywords:Augmented reality, 3D Objects, Marker Based, Fast corner detection.
Discutindo e refletindo sexualidade-AIDS com professoras das séries iniciais do ensino fundamental
Authors: Regina Costa Ribeiro Paula , Onofre Souza Diogo
Published: December 2020

Neste artigo apresentamos o curso intitulado "Discutindo e refletindo sexualidade-AIDS com professoras das séries iniciais do Ensino Funda­ mental" ministrado para professoras da rede escolar pública e particular do município de Rio Grande/RS. Esse teve como objetivos principais discutir representações de sexualidade-AIDS, problematizar a idéia vigente da se­ xualidade como uma essência manifestada pelo desejo ou pelos processos biológicos do corpo e refletir sobre a sexualidade como um dispositivo que articula saberes/poderes para o governo do corpo e da vida das pessoas. O curso foi estruturado de forma que as professoras pudessem participar da proposta de trabalho , de acordo com seus interesse s, uma vez que visava estabelecer em conjunto o seu currículo. Pensar a sex ualidade como uma construção sócio-histórica, não inerente ao ser humano, talvez crie con­dições para que se problematize os discursos vigentes na escola sobre a sexualidade das crianças nos aspectos biológico, família-reprodução, criança inocente-assexuada e pedagógico.
Survey on artificial intelligence algorithms used in industrial robotics
Authors: Benotsmane Rabab , Dudás László , Kovács György
Published: December 2020

Nowadays, in the age of Industry 4.0 the Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning capabilities have important role in the implementation of this new paradigm in the industrial sector. Especially in industrial robotics technology where the main target is improving the productivity, which requires the improvement on the rigid, inflexible capabilities of industrial robots. This article presents an overview of AI algorithms used in industrial robotics. In the first part of the article an overview about the Machine Learning algorithms used for industrial robots will be discussed. In the second part of the study we will introduce the most important AI algorithms used to optimize and improve the trajectory of robotic arms.
Sub-optimal combining of four-dimensional signals
Authors:   Georgian Technical University, Ugrelidze Nodar , Akobia David ,   Georgian Technical University, Chokhonelidze Mikheil ,   Georgian Technical University
Published: December 2020

The article discusses the issue of signal transmission in channels where fading takes place along with additive white Gaussian noise. It is commonly supposed that at this time the signal amplitude (envelope) was fluctuated with the Rayleigh distribution. It is accepted that fading is slow and frequency is non-selective. For transmit diversity from antennas, their combination with signals is carried out in a selective scheme. The characteristics of systems based on 2FSK-8PSK and 2FSK 8APSK signals are evaluated with the help of computer simulation.
KERUSAKAN LINGKUNGAN DIAKIBATKAN AKTIVITAS PERTAMBANGAN EMAS DIKABUPATEN LEBONG, BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 32 TAHUN 2009 TENTANG PERLINDUNGAN DAN PENGLOLAAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP DI KABUPATEN LEBONG
Authors: Prayoga Anggriyen
Published: December 2020

ABSTRAKPertambangan Emas di Kabupaten Lebong terdapat di Desa Lebong Tambang, Kecamatan Lebong Utara, Kabupaten Lebong yang dijakdikan sumber mata pencarian masyarakat. Pada saat ini aktivitas pertambangan emas di Desa Lebong Tambang, Kecamatan Lebong Utara, Kabupaten Lebong terjadi pengerusakan lingkungan. Penelitian ini bersifat empiris yaitu suatu penelitian yang menjelaskan dan menjabarkan tentang perlindungan dan penglolaan pertambangan emas di Desa Lebong Tambang, Kecamatan Lebong Utara, Kabupaten Lebong. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat diketahui bahwa upaya perlindungan dan penglolaan pertambangan emas Di desa Lebong Tambang, Kecamatan Lebong Utara, Kabupaten Lebong terkait dengan pengawasan, pengendalian, perencanaan, dan pemanfaatan belum sesuai dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 tentang perlindungan dan penglolaan lingkungan hidup. Dikarenakan masih terdapat banyak hambatan dalam menglola lingkungan pertambangan baik secara internal maupun eksternal. Adapun hambatan internal dan eksternal seperti, Belum efektifnya penerapan dan penegakan Hukum Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 tentang perlindungan dan penglolaan Lingkungan Hidup, Kurangnya kordinasi antara Pemerintah Daerah dengan Badan Lingkungan Hidup, terbatasnya anggaran dan sarana perasarana, kurangnya petugas khusus keamanan, kesadaran hukum masyarakat dan lemahnya penegakan hukum preventif dan represif.Kata kunci: perlindungan; penglolaan; pertambangan emasABSTRACTGolden mining in Lebong regency is located in Lebong Tambang Village, North Lebong district, Lebong regency which is used as a source of community livelihood. At this time, gold mining activity in Lebong Tambang village North Lebong district, Lebong regency were damage by the environment. This research is empirical, this research explain and describe about protection and management golden mining in Lebong Tambang Village, North Lebong district, Lebong regency, based on the result it can be seen the protection and management in Lebong Tambang Village, North Lebong district, Lebong regency, related observation, control, planning and utilization is not appropriate of constitution No. 32 of 2009 about protection and management of environtment. Due to, there are still many obstacles in manage the great mining environtment both internal or external. As for internal and external obstacles such as, ineffectiveness application and enforcement of constitution No. 32 of 2009 about the protection and management of the environtment, lack of coordination between the regional government and environmentan agency , the limit of budget and infrastructure, lack of security officer, sense of justice in community and weakness preventive and repressive law enforcement.Keywords: protection; management; golden mining