bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness and Satisfaction of a Proposed Strategy to Provide Electronic Feedback Based on Authentic Learning Principles in Princess Nourah University
Authors: Alshaya Hessah Mohammed
Published: October 2019

This article provides a proposed strategy for electronic feedback based on the principles of authentic learning through Google Drive and to measure the effectiveness of their use and the level of satisfaction from the perspective of students in Princess Nora University (PNU). A sample of 92 students has been included in the study. A list of technical and educational standards was made for the proposed strategy. The list contained three technical standards and thirteen technical indicators. From the educational aspect, the list contained four educational standards and forty-five educational indicators. In addition, preparation and construction of the proposed strategy were done. The results showed the role of the proposed strategy in providing electronic feedback from the viewpoint of PNU students and the high degree of satisfaction with it. In light of the results of the study; the researcher presented a set of recommendations and proposals, which includes encouraging teachers and learners to take advantage of the possibilities of Google Drive in the educational process.
Modeling the Customer Value Generation in the Industry's Supply Chain
Authors: Herrera Milton M. , Carvajal-Prieto Lina A. , Uriona-Maldonado Mauricio , Ojeda Fernando
Published: October 2019

This article shows that customer value generation has drivers, which could be different according to each stakeholder within the electricity industry, affecting its growth. Each stakeholder has different interests that affect the decision-making process and the customer value perception in the long term, which impacts on profitability. In order to illustrate how to identify and model key performance drivers to evaluate creating value in the electricity utility industry, this study used a simulation with the system dynamics methodology. Through simulation scenarios, this study shows that, the high customer value perception allows the electricity utilities industry to create more value. This is illustrated with the case of some electricity utilities engaged in the generation and distribution in the Colombian electricity market. The results show a new point of view that contributes to marketers and engineers in the analysis of the relationship between the stakeholders and electricity firms.
A New Contextual Influencer User Measure to Improve the Accuracy of Recommender System
Authors: Jallouli Maryam , Lajmi Sonia , Amous Ikram
Published: October 2019

In the last decade, social-based recommender systems have become the best way to resolve a user's cold start problem. In fact, it enriches the user's model by adding additional information provided from his social network. Most of those approaches are based on a collaborative filtering and compute similarities between the users. The authors' preliminary objective in this work is to propose an innovative context aware metric between users (called contextual influencer user). These new similarities are called C-COS, C-PCC and C-MSD, where C refers to the category. The contextual influencer user model is integrated into a social based recommendation system. The category of the items is considered as the most pertinent context element. The authors' proposal is implemented and tested within the food dataset. The experimentation proved that the contextual influencer user measure achieves 0.873, 0.874, and 0.882 in terms of Mean Absolute Error (MAE) corresponding to C-cos, C-pcc and C-msd, respectively. The experimental results showed that their model outperforms several existing methods.
An Exploratory Study Examining Group Dynamics in a Hackathon
Authors: Pulay Alana , Asino Tutaleni I.
Published: October 2019

Pairing virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) in a hackathon is beginning to receive attention. VR and AR tools have the potential to support different types of skill sets and help promote synergistic interconnections between team members. Since little is known about how a hackathon can contribute towards group dynamics, this exploratory study compared team dynamics that occurred in multidisciplinary groups during a weekend hackathon. Twenty-two multidisciplinary undergraduate and graduate students, in addition to two campus professionals, participated in the event held on a mid-size university in the South-Central Midwest of the United States. The groups were deliberately created by the research team to support different skill sets and disciplines based upon the in-group bias framework. Observations and video recordings occurred throughout the 2-day hackathon event. The non-obtrusive-participant observations resulted in noticeable differences between group dynamics in collaboration, teamwork, work style, and group presentations.
Problem Solving in Teams in Virtual Environments Using Creative Thinking
Authors: Jayadas Aditya
Published: October 2019

Problem solving while using creative thinking is vital for generating ideas by individuals and teams. In this study, creative problem skills of individuals and teams based on perceptions of their creativity and their assessment of five creative advertisements was assessed. The experiment was completed using 10 participants in five teams while working on a retail environment problem using virtual reality. Different creativity assessment tools (CPS, CSDD & CPSS) were used for evaluating individuals and teams. The CPS scale scores ranged from 4.30 ± 0.67 (have done things others find strange) to 1.50 ± 0.97 (avoided reading difficult material), while for the CSDD the scores ranged from 3.50 ± 0.97 (solving their own problems) to 2.80 ± 1.93 (art). There was no particular pattern on how individuals selected the advertisements using the CPSS scale. This study demonstrated that individuals with different personalities from different disciplines, and varying degrees of creativity can problem solve in teams effectively.
Gendered Experiences of Mobile Gaming and Augmented Reality
Authors: Goette William , Delello Julie A. , McWhorter Rochell R.
Published: October 2019

Gender differences in video gaming have been observed in gaming motivations, behaviors, and perceptions. Unlike traditional video games, Pokémon Go is a mobile, augmented reality game accessible on a smartphone, so it remains unclear whether previous findings about gender differences apply to this game. This study used a mixed-methods approach to explore the playing habits and experiences of 452 college students. Differences in social media usage, domains and frequency in which the game interfered with, and activities during which the game was played were observed between genders. While students perceived similar risks associated with Pokémon Go, men were less likely to report bonding with others as a personal benefit of the game. Further study of mobile gaming experiences between genders is needed, particularly in relation to social and immersive motivations to play the game.
An Empirical Investigation of the Impact of an Embodied Conversational Agent on the User's Perception and Performance with a Route-Finding Application
Authors: Doumanis Ioannis , Smith Serengul
Published: October 2019

This article presents the design and evaluation of a gamified mobile tour guide prototype for route-finding in historical attractions. The mobile tour guide prototype uses photographs of landmarks carefully chosen to guide visitors on routes of cultural interest in the castle. It also features a fully multimodal interface using an Embodied Conversational Agent (ECA). The authors compared the impact of the multimodal interface to a non-multimodal control (narrated text) for the same navigational tasks. Participants experienced routes of variable difficulty (simple vs complex) in the lab under simulated mobile conditions. The experimental results substantiated aspects of the ECA-based interface related to visitors' subjective experiences, but not objective task performance. Finally, the authors discuss future work which will focus on running the second round of evaluations in the field with an improved version of the prototype, demonstrating features such as user planned routes and route re-calculation.
Application of Naïve Bayes, Decision Tree, and K-Nearest Neighbors for Automated Text Classification
Authors: Ababneh Jafar
Published: October 2019

Nowadays, many applications that use large data have been developed due to the existence of the Internet of Things. These applications are translated into different languages and require automated text classification (ATC). The ATC process depends on the content of one or more predefined classes. However, this process is problematic for the Arabic translation of the data. This study aims to solve this issue by investigating the performances of three classification algorithms, namely, k-nearest neighbor (KNN), decision tree (DT), and naïve Bayes (NB) classifiers, on Saudi Press Agency datasets. Results showed that the NB algorithm outperformed DT and KNN algorithms in terms of precision, recall, and F1. In future works, a new algorithm that can improve the handling of the ATC problem will be developed.
Manuscripts of Requiem by foreign composers in the Vilnius libraries’ funds: an overview of 19th – beginning of 20th century sources
Authors: Budzinauskienė Laima
Published: October 2019

Among numerous genres of sacred music (such as chorales, hymns, motets, masses, etc.), Requiem, or otherwise Missa pro defunctis, Missa defunctorum (Mass for the Deceased) stands out. It is the Mass for the Deceased, corresponding to the Roman Catholic Missal, that is celebrated mainly during the funeral. Over time, Requiem has become a vocal-instrumental genre, a composition associated with the theme of death and mourning. In the 19th century, two principal forms of the genre of Requiem co-existed: a proud, concert-type form, heavily influenced by secular music, and a more modest, reserved, and more “traditional” liturgical one. The latter was smaller in scope, written for a more modest composition of performers in a simpler music language and of a non-dramatic character. The development of the liturgical Requiem over the period in question was largely affected by the Cecilian Movement, active also in Lithuania. True, it is also possible to discuss an intermediate link between the concert and the liturgical types of Requiem – a concert-type vocal-instrumental Requiem, which could also be performed in liturgy.
The paper focuses on the manuscripts of the Requiem compositions re-written in the 19th century that were once performed in churches of Vilnius and other cities of Lithuania and currently are stored in in the Rare Books and Manuscripts Reading Room of the Martynas Mažvydas National Library of Lithuania and in the Manuscript Department of the Vilnius University Library. These are copies of the Requiem compositions by the following authors: Gioacchino Albertini (1748–1812), Josef Becher (1821–1888), Luigi Cherubini (1760–1842), Max Filke (1855–1911), Joseph Gruber (1855–1933), Lambert Kraus (1728–1790), Antonio Rosetti (1750–1792), and Johann Baptist Schiedermayr (1779–1840).
Monitoring of water quality in the basin of São João river and detection of agrochemical glyphosate in the water reservoir for urban supply in the municipality of Porto Nacional, Tocantins, Brazil
Authors: Balduino Angelo Ricardo , Reis Deusiano Florêncio dos , Filho Albano Dias Pereira , Souza Lucas Barbosa , Santos Marcio Galdino dos
Published: October 2019

In this work we used the Water Quality Index (WQI) aiming to evaluate the water quality and to detect glyphosate agrotoxic concentrations In the catchment reservoir for urban supply of the São João Creek, in Porto Nacional, in the state of Tocantins, the only one source of supply which has been suffering several attacks, such as agricultural and cattle raising's exploitation, where various catchments for irrigation are situated. This study was carried out monitoring of water of the São João creek, this water resource very importance for the city of Porto Nacional - TO, which has applications in multiple uses such as fishing, leasure of primary contact, water supply, landscape harmony, among others. The parameters analyzed in this work are: temperature, oxygen, pH, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total coliforms, total solids and turbidity in the months from august 2017 to september 2018 employed in calculating the quality index National Sanitation Foundation (IQA-NSF) and glyphosate agrotoxic concentrations in sediment from the catchment reservoir for urban supply in the same period. The results showed that the water São João Creek can be classified as medium quality with an average of 69,10 seconds NSF, although some parameters compared with environmental laws were not in accordance with the standards determined by Resolutions 274/2000 and 357/2005 of the Brasilian National Council of Environment (CONAMA). On the other hand, concentrations of glyphosate agrotoxic did not exceed the limit allowed by CONAMA Resolution 357/2005, which obtained an average of approximately 0.05 μg / L for the study period, but it should be noted that in the rainy season it reached values of 0,9 μg / L, that is, values close to the permissible limit of the European Union, indicating, thus, the accumulation in the long term.
Estudo de parasitoses intestinais em moradores de corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil
Authors: Silva Raquel Santos Batista da , Malheiros Antonio Francisco , Santos Debora Pereira dos , Shaw Jeffrey Jon , Araújo Marta dos Santos Miranda de , Moraes Maria de Fátima de Almeida de , Campos Wilton Nelson Lançoni de
Published: October 2019

As doenças causadas por enteroparasitas intestinais, helmintos e protozoários, são comuns no mundo, pois, acometem adultos e principalmente as crianças atingindo altos índices de contaminações, as parasitoses estão entre os grandes problemas medico-sanitários, sendo mais frequente em países subdesenvolvidos pela deficiência de saneamento básico. O presente estudo teve como objetivo diagnosticar a ocorrência de parasitoses intestinais em escolares de 05 a 15 anos e adultos a partir de 16 anos na Escola Municipal Izabel Correia de Oliveira, Escola Estadual Tilma Fernandes Veiga e na Estratégia Saúde da Família, (ESF), na cidade de Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Foram coletados 200 amostras fecais mediante a autorização da diretora e agentes de saúde sendo, 100 de crianças e 100 de adultos realizada pela equipe do laboratório de Parasitologia da Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso – UNEMAT, Brasil. O material fecal foi etiquetado e enumerado como local de coleta, idade e sexo e acondicionadas em caixas térmicas com gelo em seguida encaminhado para o laboratório de Parasitologia da UNEMAT. Para a análise laboratorial foi utilizado o método de Hoffmann ou sedimentação espontânea, na sequencia foram preparadas lâminas e analisadas no microscópio óptico em objetiva de 10x e 40 x onde foi possível visualizar cistos de protozoários e ovos de helmintos. Das 200 amostras de fezes de humanos 111 foram negativas e 89 positivas para ao menos uma espécie de parasitas intestinais, obteve uma prevalência de 86,90 para protozoários dentre eles foram E. coli 34,83% seguido de e. nana,24,70%, Giardia lamblia 20,22%, E. histolytica 16.85%, %, Blastocystis spp. 3,37% e Sarcocystis spp. 3,37%. Helmintos obteve 13,10%, sendo o mais prevalência Trichuris sp com 7,80% seguido do Acaris lumbricoides, 4,49%, Enterobius vermiculares 1,12%, Taenia sp. 1.12% Fasciola hepatica 1,12%. Dentre os parasitas encontrados constatou maior prevalência para o sexo feminino 57%, para faixa etária obteve 58,50 de positividade para crianças de 05 a 15 em relação os adultos a partir de 16 ano 28,20%, e ainda 65% da população estudada estão monoparasitadas e 34% se encontra poliparasitadas. Frente aos resultados foi possível perceber uma alta positividade na população estudada contaminada por parasitas intestinais, indica que o município de Corumbá MS precisa de maior investimento de saneamento básico, e a população necessita de melhores condições de   hábitos de higiene pessoal-sanitária, pois a profilaxia é das medidas preventivas não só pela ausência da doença mas pelo bem estar das famílias.
MicroRNA‐7‐5p induces cell growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by targeting PAK2 in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Li Qin , Wu Xingping , Guo Lin , Shi Jiaxin , Li Jiashu
Published: October 2019

MicroRNAs (miR) are known to be critical regulators in tumor progression. miR‐7‐5p was reported to be involved in several cancers, including glioblastoma, cervical cancer, and melanoma, but its prognostic value and biological function in non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain unclear. In this study, using quantitative real‐time PCR analysis, we found that miR‐7‐5p was significantly downregulated in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. Lower miR‐7‐5p expression was associated with tumor–node–metastasis stage and tumor size by chi‐squared test. Deceased miR‐7‐5p expression was associated with a worse prognosis in patients with NSCLC using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Experiments in NSCLC cell lines (A549 and H1299) demonstrated that upregulation of miR‐7‐5p significantly suppressed cell proliferation, but induced cell cycle G0/G1 phase arrest and apoptosis using Cell Counting Kit‐8, colony formation, and flow cytometry analysis. Through loss‐of‐function assays, we further demonstrated that downregulation of miR‐7‐5p promoted cell proliferation and cell cycle G1/S transition, but decreased cell apoptosis in SPC‐A1 cells. Furthermore, P21‐activated kinase 2 (PAK2) was predicted and confirmed as a direct target gene of miR‐7‐5p in NSCLC cells by luciferase reporter assay. In addition, we found PAK2 overexpression could partially reverse the effects of miR‐7‐5p on cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution, and apoptosis. We thus concluded that lower expression of miR‐7‐5p was associated with poor prognosis and NSCLC progression by directly targeting PAK2.
Gamma Knife® icon CBCT offers improved localization workflow for frame‐based treatment
Authors: Duggar William N. , Morris Bart , Fatemi Ali , Bonds Jemeria , He Rui , Kanakamedala Madhava , Rey‐Dios Roberto , Vijayakumar Srinivasan , Yang Claus
Published: October 2019

Object

The purpose of this study was to compare two methods of stereotactic localization in Gamma Knife treatment planning: cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) or fiducial. While the fiducial method is the traditional method of localization, CBCT is now available for use with the Gamma Knife Icon. This study seeks to determine whether a difference exists between the two methods and then whether one is better than the other regarding accuracy and workflow optimization.

Methods

Cone beam computed tomography was used to define stereotactic space around the Elekta Film Pinprick phantom and then treated with film in place. The same phantom was offset known amounts from center and then imaged with CBCT and registered with the reference CBCT image to determine if measured offsets matched those known. Ten frameless and 10 frame‐based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to CBCT patient fusions were retrospectively evaluated using the TG‐132 TRE method. The stereotactic coordinates defined by CBCT and traditional fiducials were compared on the Elekta 8 cm Ball phantom, an anthropomorphic phantom, and actual patient data. Offsets were introduced to the anthropomorphic phantom in the stereotactic frame and CBCT's ability to detect those offsets was determined.

Results

Cone beam computed tomography defines stereotactic space well within the established limits of the mechanical alignment system. The CBCT to CBCT registration can detect offsets accurately to within 0.1 mm and 0.5°. In all cases, some disagreement existed between fiducial localization and that of CBCT which in some cases was small, but also was as high as 0.43 mm in the phantom domain and as much as 1.54 mm in actual patients.

Conclusion

Cone beam computed tomography demonstrates consistent accuracy in defining stereotactic space. Since both localization methods do not agree with each other consistently, the more reliable method must be identified. Cone beam computed tomography can accurately determine offsets occurring within stereotactic space that would be nondiscernible utilizing the fiducial method and seems to be more reliable. Using CBCT localization offers the opportunity to streamline workflow both from a patient and clinic perspective and also shows patient position immediately prior to treatment.
Uncalcined TS‐2 immobilized Au nanoparticles as a bifunctional catalyst to boost direct propylene epoxidation with H2 and O2
Authors: Zhang Zhihua , Zhao Xuan , Wang Gang , Xu Jialun , Lu Mengke , Tang Yanqiang , Fu Wenzhao , Duan Xuezhi , Qian Gang , Chen De , Zhou Xinggui
Published: October 2019

Developing stable yet efficient Au–Ti bifunctional catalysts is important but challenging for direct propylene epoxidation with H2 and O2. This work describes a novel strategy of employing uncalcined titanium silicalite‐2 (TS‐2‐B) to immobilize Au nanoparticles as a bifunctional catalyst for the reaction. Under no promoter effects, the Au/TS‐2‐B catalyst compared to the referenced Au/TS‐1‐B catalyst delivers outstanding catalytic performance, that is, exceptionally high stability over 100 hr, propylene oxide (PO) formation rate of 118 gPO·hr−1·kgcat−1, PO selectivity of 90% and hydrogen efficiency of 35%. The plausible relationship of catalyst structure and performance is established by using multiple techniques, such as UV–vis, high‐angle annular dark‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. A unique synergy of Au–Ti4+–Ti3+ triple sites is proposed for our developed Au/TS‐2‐B catalyst with the higher stable PO formation rate and hydrogen efficiency. The insights reported here could shed new light on the rational design of highly stable and efficient Au–Ti bifunctional catalysts for the reaction.
Beyond Expert‐Level Performance Prediction for Rechargeable Batteries by Unsupervised Machine Learning
Authors: Chen Xi , Ye Luhan , Wang Yichao , Li Xin
Published: October 2019

Predicting the performance of rechargeable batteries in real time is of great importance to battery research and industrial production, and hence has been a long pursuit. Previously, sophisticated apparatus is required to measure indicator properties of performance, while machine learning approaches based on feature engineering procedures require a priori expertise that is challenged by the complicated environment of real‐world applications. Here, for a more effective real‐time prediction of battery life and failure, a novel end‐to‐end unsupervised machine learning approach is shown; this approach is free from feature engineering and uses only the raw images of the charge–discharge voltage profiles. This model enables unsupervised real‐time automatic extraction of latent physical factors that control the performance of Na‐ion batteries to classify good or bad cycling performance by using only the voltage profile of the first cycle. This model can also monitor the safety of Li‐metal battery systems by giving warnings when the battery is approaching a failure. With the beyond expert‐level prediction ability, the abovementioned framework can be a promising prototype to further develop and enable high accuracy predictions of battery performance for real‐world applications in the future.
Novel and lethal case of cardiac involvement in DNM1L mitochondrial encephalopathy
Authors: Vandeleur Daron , Chen Constance V. , Huang Eric J. , Connolly Andrew J. , Sanchez Henry , Moon‐Grady Anita J.
Published: October 2019

Pathogenic DNM1L mutations cause a mitochondrial disorder with a highly variable clinical phenotype characterized by developmental delay, hypotonia, seizures, microcephaly, poor feeding, ocular abnormalities, and dysarthria. We report the case of an 8‐month‐old female with autosomal dominant, de novo DNM1L c. 1228G>A (p. E410K) mutation and mitochondrial disorder, septo‐optic dysplasia, hypotonia, developmental delay, elevated blood lactate, and severe mitochondrial cardiomyopathy leading to nonischemic congestive heart failure and cardiogenic shock resulting in death. This case suggests that cardiac involvement, previously undescribed, can be a clinically important feature of this syndrome and should be screened for at diagnosis.
Clinical consequences of developmental programming of low nephron number
Authors: Luyckx Valerie A. , Brenner Barry M.
Published: October 2019

Nephron number in humans varies up to 13‐fold, likely reflecting the impact of multiple factors on kidney development, including inherited body size and ethnicity, as well as maternal health and nutrition, fetal exposure to gestational diabetes or preeclampsia and other environmental factors, which may potentially be modifiable. Such conditions predispose to low or high offspring birth weight, growth restriction or preterm birth, which have all been associated with increased risks of higher blood pressures and/or kidney dysfunction in later life. Low birth weight, preterm birth, and intrauterine growth restriction are associated with reduced nephron numbers. Humans with hypertension and chronic kidney disease tend to have fewer nephrons than their counterparts with normal blood pressures or kidney function. A developmentally programmed reduction in nephron number therefore enhances an individual's susceptibility to hypertension and kidney disease in later life. A low nephron number at birth may not lead to kidney dysfunction alone except when severe, but in the face of superimposed acute or chronic kidney injury, a kidney endowed with fewer nephrons may be less able to adapt, and overt kidney disease may develop. Given that millions of babies are born either too small, too big or too soon each year, the population impact of altered renal programming is likely to be significant. Many gestational exposures are modifiable, therefore urgent attention is required to implement public health measures to optimize maternal, fetal, and child health, to prevent or mitigate the consequences of developmental programming, to improve the health future generations.
Cetacean Orbital Muscles: Anatomy and Function of the Circular Layers
Authors: Meshida Keiko , Lin Stephen , Domning Daryl P. , Reidenberg Joy S. , Wang Paul , Gilland Edwin
Published: October 2019

Dissections of cetacean orbits identified two distinct circular muscle layers that are uniquely more elaborate than the orbitalis muscles described in numerous mammals. The circular orbital muscles in cetaceans form layers that lie both external and internal to the rectus extra ocular muscles (EOMs). A cone‐shaped external circular muscle (ECM) that invests the external surface of the rectus EOMs was found in all cetacean specimens examined. The cetacean ECM corresponds generally to descriptions of the musculus orbitalis in various mammals but is more strongly developed and has more layers than in noncetaceans. A newly identified internal circular muscle (ICM) is located internal to the rectus EOMs and external to the retractor bulbi (RB). The RB is massive in cetaceans and is encased in a connective tissue layer containing convoluted bundles of blood vessels. The most robust ECM and ICM layers were in sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) where they form complete rings. Surprisingly, histological analysis showed the sperm whale ECM to contain both smooth and striated (skeletal) muscle layers while the ICM appeared to contain solely skeletal muscle fibers. The extreme development of the ECM (orbitalis) and RB suggest a co‐evolved system mediating high degrees of protrusion and retraction in cetaceans. We know of no homolog of the ICM but its function seems likely related to the complex vascular structures surrounding and deep to the retractor muscle. Skeletal muscle components in orbital circular muscles appear to be highly derived specializations unknown outside of cetaceans. Anat Rec, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy Anat Rec, 303:1792–1811, 2020. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
Novel and Bizarre Abnormalities of the Tooth Row in Side‐Blotched Lizards (Uta) and Rock Lizards (Petrosaurus)
Authors: Scarpetta Simon G. , Bell Christopher J.
Published: October 2019

Multiple tooth rows along the dentary or maxilla are present in many bony and cartilaginous fishes but occur infrequently in amniotes. Although two partially overlapping rows of teeth or a few doubled tooth positions were both previously reported in extant and extinct lizards, multiple rows of teeth across the entire dental or maxillary shelf were not previously documented in any lizard taxon. Here, we report one specimen of the side‐blotched lizard Uta stansburiana and two specimens of the rock lizard Petrosaurus mearnsi that have two or more marginal tooth rows that overlap for most of the dental shelf. We also describe several other phrynosomatid lizard specimens with one or two doubled tooth positions per marginal tooth‐bearing skeletal element. We examined 520 total specimens of pleurodont iguanian lizards and verified that aberrant tooth row and tooth position morphologies were almost exclusively present in phrynosomatid lizards. We hypothesize that developmental irregularities in the number of odontogenic bands or in the function of zones of inhibition may have resulted in the observed tooth row abnormalities. The expression of multiple tooth rows or doubled tooth positions may be phylogenetically informative morphologies of phrynosomatid lizards. This bears further investigation from developmental, genetic, ecological, and phylogenetic perspectives. Anat Rec, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy Anat Rec, 303:2014–2025, 2020. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
Scaling of Anatomically Derived Maximal Bite Force in Primates
Authors: Deutsch Ashley R. , Dickinson Edwin , Leonard Kaitlyn C. , Pastor Francisco , Muchlinski Magdalena N. , Hartstone‐Rose Adam
Published: October 2019

By combining muscle architectural data with biomechanical variables relating to the jaw, we produce anatomically derived maximum bite force estimations for 23 species of catarrhine and platyrrhine primates. We investigate how bite force scales across the sample as a whole (and within each parvorder) relative to two size proxies, body mass and cranial geometric mean, and the effect of diet upon bite force. Bite force is estimated at three representative bite points along the dental row: the first maxillary incisor, canine, and third‐most mesial paracone. We modeled bite force by combining calculated physiological cross‐sectional area of the jaw adductors from Hartstone‐Rose et al. [Anat Rec 301 (2018) 311–324] with osteological measurements of lever‐ and load‐arm lengths from the same specimens [Hartstone‐Rose et al., Anat Rec 295 (2012) 1336–1351]. Bite force scales with positive allometry relative to cranial geometric mean across our entire sample and tends toward positive allometry relative to body mass. Bite force tends toward positive allometry within platyrrhines but scales isometrically within catarrhines. There was no statistically significant scaling difference with diet. Our findings imply an absence of a dietary signal in the scaling of bite force, a result that differs from the scaling of physiological cross‐sectional area alone. That is, although previous studies have found a dietary signal in the muscle fiber architecture in these species, when these are combined with their leverages, that signal is undetectable. On the parvorder level, our data also demonstrate that the platyrrhine masticatory system appears more mechanically advantageous than that of catarrhines. Anat Rec, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy Anat Rec, 303:2026–2035, 2020. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
Virtual Reality in Anatomy: A Pilot Study Evaluating Different Delivery Modalities
Authors: Birbara Nicolette S. , Sammut Claude , Pather Nalini
Published: October 2019

Technologies such as virtual reality are used in higher education to develop virtual learning resources (VLRs). These VLRs can be delivered in multiple modalities, from truly immersive involving wearable devices to less immersive modalities such as desktop. However, research investigating perceptions of VLRs in anatomy has mainly focused on a single delivery modality and a limited‐demographic participant cohort, warranting a comparison of different modalities and a consideration of different cohorts. This pilot study aimed to compare perceptions of highly immersive and less immersive VLR deliveries among anatomy students and tutors and evaluate the impact of prior university experience on students' perceptions of VLRs. A skull anatomy VLR was developed using the Unity® gaming platform and participants were voluntarily recruited to assess highly immersive stereoscopic and less immersive desktop deliveries of the VLR. A validated survey tool was used to gather perceptions of both deliveries. Most participants agreed that both VLR deliveries were interesting and engaging and provided an immersive experience. Anatomy students perceived the stereoscopic delivery to be significantly more useful for understanding (P = 0.013), while anatomy tutors perceived the desktop delivery as more useful. A degree of physical discomfort and disorientation was reported by some participants for both deliveries, although to a greater extent for the stereoscopic delivery. The stereoscopic delivery was also found to be more mentally taxing than desktop delivery. These results suggest that desktop VLR delivery may minimize the risk of discomfort and disorientation associated with more immersive modalities while still providing a valuable learning experience.
Effect of forename string on author name disambiguation
Authors: Kim Jinseok , Kim Jenna
Published: October 2019

In author name disambiguation, author forenames are used to decide which name instances are disambiguated together and how much they are likely to refer to the same author. Despite such a crucial role of forenames, their effect on the performance of heuristic (string matching) and algorithmic disambiguation is not well understood. This study assesses the contributions of forenames in author name disambiguation using multiple labeled data sets under varying ratios and lengths of full forenames, reflecting real‐world scenarios in which an author is represented by forename variants (synonym) and some authors share the same forenames (homonym). The results show that increasing the ratios of full forenames substantially improves both heuristic and machine‐learning‐based disambiguation. Performance gains by algorithmic disambiguation are pronounced when many forenames are initialized or homonyms are prevalent. As the ratios of full forenames increase, however, they become marginal compared to those by string matching. Using a small portion of forename strings does not reduce much the performances of both heuristic and algorithmic disambiguation methods compared to using full‐length strings. These findings provide practical suggestions, such as restoring initialized forenames into a full‐string format via record linkage for improved disambiguation performances.
Perfusion process combining low temperature and valeric acid for enhanced recombinant factor VIII production
Authors: Coronel Juliana , Heinrich Christoph , Klausing Sandra , Noll Thomas , Figueredo‐Cardero Alvio , Castilho Leda R.
Published: October 2019

Perfusion operation mode remains the preferred platform for production of labile biopharmaceuticals (e.g., blood factors) and is also being increasingly adopted for production of stable products (e.g., monoclonal antibodies). Regardless of the product, process development typically aims at maximizing production capacity. In this work, we investigated the impact of perfusion cultivation conditions on process productivity for production of human factor VIII (FVIII). Recombinant CHO cells were cultivated in bioreactors coupled to inclined settlers and the effects of reducing the temperature to 31°C with or without valeric acid (VA) supplementation were evaluated. Increases in cell specific productivity (qp) up to 2.4‐fold (FVIII concentration) and up to 3.0‐fold (FVIII biological activity) were obtained at 31°C with VA compared to the control at 37°C. Biological activity is the most important quality attribute for FVIII and was positively affected by mild hypothermia in combination with the chemical inducer. The low temperature conditions resulted in enhanced product transcript levels, suggesting that the higher qp is related to the increased mRNA levels. Furthermore, a high‐producer subclone was evaluated under the perfusion conditions optimized for the parental clone (31°C with VA), yielding increases in qp of 6‐fold and 15‐fold compared to the parental clone cultivated under the same condition and at 37°C, respectively. The proposed perfusion strategy enables increased product formation without increasing production costs, being potentially applicable to perfusion production of other CHO‐derived biopharmaceuticals. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showing the benefits of perfusion combining mild hypothermia with VA supplementation.
Biotransformation of lignin: Mechanisms, applications and future work
Authors: Li Xiang , Zheng Yi
Published: October 2019

As one of the most abundant polymers in biosphere, lignin has attracted extensive attention as a kind of promising feedstock for biofuel and bio‐based products. However, the utilization of lignin presents various challenges in that its complex composition and structure and high resistance to degradation. Lignin conversion through biological platform harnesses the catalytic power of microorganisms to decompose complex lignin molecules and obtain value‐added products through biosynthesis. Given the heterogeneity of lignin, various microbial metabolic pathways are involved in lignin bioconversion processes, which has been characterized in extensive research work. With different types of lignin substrates (e.g., model compounds, technical lignin, and lignocellulosic biomass), several bacterial and fungal species have been proved to own lignin‐degrading abilities and accumulate microbial products (e.g., lipid and polyhydroxyalkanoates), while the lignin conversion efficiencies are still relatively low. Genetic and metabolic strategies have been developed to enhance lignin biodegradation by reprogramming microbial metabolism, and diverse products, such as vanillin and dicarboxylic acids were also produced from lignin. This article aims at presenting a comprehensive review on lignin bioconversion including lignin degradation mechanisms, metabolic pathways, and applications for the production of value‐added bioproducts. Advanced techniques on genetic and metabolic engineering are also covered in the recent development of biological platforms for lignin utilization. To conclude this article, the existing challenges for efficient lignin bioprocessing are analyzed and possible directions for future work are proposed.
Interest of locally weighted regression to overcome nonlinear effects during in situ NIR monitoring of CHO cell culture parameters and antibody glycosylation
Authors: Zavala‐Ortiz Daniel A. , Ebel Bruno , Li Meng‐Yao , Barradas‐Dermitz Dulce Ma. , Hayward‐Jones Patricia M. , Aguilar‐Uscanga Maria G. , Marc Annie , Guedon Emmanuel
Published: October 2019

Animal cell culture processes have become the standard platform to produce therapeutic proteins such as recombinant monoclonal antibodies (mAb). Since the mAb quality could be subject to significant changes depending on manufacturing process conditions, real time monitoring and control systems are required to ensure mAb specifications mainly glycosylation and patient safety. Up to now, real time monitoring glycosylation of proteins has received scarce attention. In this article, the use of near infrared (NIR) to monitor mAb glycosylation has been reported for the first time. Whereas monitoring models are mainly constructed using linear partial least squares regressions (PLSR), evidences presented in this study indicate nonlinearity relationship between in situ captured spectra and compound concentrations, compromising the PLSR performances. A novel and simple approach was proposed to fit nonlinearity using the locally weighted regression (LWR). The LWR models were found to be more appropriate for handling information contained in spectra so that real time monitoring of cultures were accurately performed. Moreover, for the first time, the LWR calibration models allowed mAb glycosylation to be monitored, in a real time manner, by using in situ NIR spectroscopy. These results represent a further step toward developing active‐control feedback of animal cell processes, particularly for ensuring properties of biologics.
A novel anatomical consideration on the exposed segment of the facial artery
Authors: Lee Ji‐Hyun , Lee Kangwoo , Jung Wonsug , Youn Kwan‐Hyun , Hu Kyung‐Seok , Tansatit Tanvaa , Park Hyun Jun , Kim Hee‐Jin
Published: October 2019

An understanding of the location and depth of the facial artery (FA) is essential in aesthetic surgery and various cosmetic procedures. The purpose of this study was to clarify the three‐dimensional (3D) topography of the exposed segment (ES) of the FA and to provide information to help minimize complications during clinical procedures. From 50 embalmed adult cadavers, the undissected and dissected hemifaces were scanned and reconstructed using the 3D scanner. Then the topographic location of the ES was identified and measured from the superimposed the 3D images. The ES was observed in 82% of the whole specimens. The exposure patterns of the ES were examined, and classified into three types: Type I, one site exposed pattern (74%); Type II, two sites exposed pattern (8%); and Type III, nonexposed pattern (18%). The extent of the ES was located at 2.2 mm above and 4.2 mm below the cheilion (Ch)—otobasion inferius line, and 20.0 to 25.2 mm from the Ch on the lateral aspect. In the frontal view, the average distance from the mid‐pupillary line to the ES was 7.1 mm, and from the lateral canthal line to the ES was 6.1 mm. The ES was 7.6 mm below the skin surface. The results of this study will help to provide safe guidelines for filler injections as well as selecting the safe regions in various clinical procedures. Clin. Anat. 33:257–264, 2020. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of resistant starch type 4 supplementation of bread on in vitro glycemic index value, bile acid‐binding capacity, and mineral bioavailability
Authors: Aribas Merve , Kahraman Kevser , Koksel Hamit
Published: October 2019

Background and objectives

RS4 is an alternative dietary fiber source with some potential physiological benefits giving better quality end products. Common dietary fiber sources including bran usually have deteriorative effect on color, textural properties, and consumer acceptability of breads. This study was designed to investigate the effect of RS4 supplementation on the bread quality as well as mineral bioavailability, bile acid‐binding capacity, in vitro glycemic index.

Findings

Loaf volumes of the breads supplemented with RS4 were higher than the bread supplemented with wheat bran (WB). Among the bread samples, the one supplemented with WB had the darkest color and highest firmness values. During storage, WB supplementation caused the highest increase in bread firmness. RS4 supplementation caused higher total dietary fiber (TDF) and mineral bioavailability values and lower in vitro glycemic index than bran supplementation.

Conclusions

RS4 supplementation of bread caused increases in TDF content, bile acid‐binding capacity, and mineral bioavailability and has less deteriorative effect on the quality than WB supplementation. Breads supplemented with WB had a faster staling rate than the breads supplemented with RS4.

Significance and novelty

Besides the better appearance and texture of the RS4 supplemented bread samples, the improvement in nutritional properties proved that RS4 is a better dietary fiber source than WB.
Defects Engineering in Photocatalytic Water Splitting Materials
Authors: Liu Junying , Wei Zhidong , Shangguan Wenfeng
Published: October 2019

Defect engineering has been proved to be an effective approach to improve the photocatalytic performance of the photocatalysts. In this review, recent progress in the design of the defects with the classified anion vacancies, cation vacancies, and multi‐vacancies on the photocatalysts to promote the photocatalytic activity is summarized. The strategies to manufacture the defective photocatalysts and the characterization techniques to distinguish various defects are presented. The roles of defects in photocatalytic water splitting are discussed. Finally, the challenge in developing the defective photocatalysts is outlined.
Follicular cystitis in urine cytology: A clinical and cytopathologic study
Authors: Rohra Prih , Yan Lei , Mir Fatima , Farrell M. Ryan , Gattuso Paolo , Cheng Lin
Published: October 2019

Despite being an important differential diagnosis of bladder tumor on cystoscopy, follicular cystitis (FC) is rarely diagnosed on cytologic material. We performed a retrospective study on cases of FC diagnosed on bladder biopsy and/or urine cytology in our institution. A total of 35 cases of FC were identified with a female predominance (F:M = 2:1). Hematuria was the most common clinical presentation. Cystoscopic findings included mass lesions, yellow plaques, and surface erythema. History of urinary tract infection was reported in 48% of the patients, and majority of those patients had positive concurrent urine culture, most commonly with beta‐hemolytic streptococcus, Group B. A total of 17 out of 35 patients had urine cytology specimens. When the presence of follicular dendritic cells in clusters of variously sized lymphocytes is used as the cytological diagnostic criterion, 6 out of 17 cases were diagnosed as FC and 5 out of 6 were confirmed by concurrent biopsy. This retrospective study not only analyzed the clinical characteristics of FC but also elucidated the cytological diagnostic criteria of FC and confirmed its specificity.
Expression of a human variant of CHMP2B linked to neurodegeneration in Drosophila external sensory organs leads to cell fate transformations associated with increased Notch activity
Authors: Wilson Caroline , Kavaler Joshua , Ahmad Syed Tariq
Published: October 2019

Proper function of cell signaling pathways is dependent upon regulated membrane trafficking events that lead to the endocytosis, recycling, and degradation of cell surface receptors. The endosomal complexes required for transport (ESCRT) genes play a critical role in the sorting of ubiquitinated cell surface proteins. CHMP2BIntron5, a truncated form of a human ESCRT‐III protein, was discovered in a Danish family afflicted by a hereditary form of frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Although the mechanism by which the CHMP2B mutation in this family causes FTD is unknown, the resulting protein has been shown to disrupt normal endosomal–lysosomal pathway function and leads to aberrant regulation of signaling pathways. Here we have misexpressed CHMP2BIntron5 in the developing Drosophila external sensory (ES) organ lineage and demonstrate that it is capable of altering cell fates. Each of the cell fate transformations seen is compatible with an increase in Notch signaling. Furthermore, this interpretation is supported by evidence that expression of CHMP2BIntron5 in the notum environment is capable of raising the levels of Notch signaling. As such, these results add to a growing body of evidence that CHMP2BIntron5 can act rapidly to disrupt normal cellular function via the misregulation of critical cell surface receptor function.