bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Características histológicas do segmento sexual do rim de três espécies de Amphisbaenia (Reptilia: Squamata)
Authors: Valverde Maria Celeste C. , Scherer Paulo O. , Pinheiro Nadja L.
Published: May 2022

A forma, a disposição e a constituição do segmento sexual do rim de Amphisbaena vermicularis Wagler, 1824, Amphisbaenaalba Linnaeus, 1758 e Leposternon polystegum Duméril, 1851 foram analisadas histologicamente com base em 30 machos sexualmente ativos, procedentes do município de Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brasil. Fragmentos dos rins e das gônadas foram fixados em solução de Bouin por 24 horas e conservados em álcool a 70%. Depois de fixado e desidratado, o material foi diafanizado, incluído em parafina e os cortes obtidos corados com hematoxilina-eosina (HE). Mudanças na altura do epitélio, no diâmetro dos tubos e na quantidade dos grânulos de secreção das células do segmento sexual do rim são notadamente distintas e ocorrem de forma cíclica durante o processo da espermatogênese. As características histológicas descritas para o segmento sexual do rim hipertrofiado, ou em atrofia durante o repouso testicular, foram encontradas sem variações nos machos adultos das três espécies analisadas e se assemelham aos padrões estruturais já conhecidos para outros machos de Squamata.
Efeito da sacarose sobre o enraizamento e desenvolvimento “in vitro” de Syngonanthus mucugensis Giul.
Authors: Silva José Roberto dos S. , Lima-Brito Alone , Santana José Raniere F. de , Dornelles Ana Lúcia C.
Published: May 2022

O trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito da sacarose no enraizamento e desenvolvimento in vitro de Syngonanthus mucugensis Giul., planta endêmica da Chapada Diamantina/BA. Foram testadas cinco concentrações de sacarose no meio MS/2, solidificado com 0,8% de ágar, com pH ajustado para 5,7. O material vegetal utilizado consistiu de plantas com 60 dias de idade, com aproximadamente 2 cm de altura obtidas da germinação in vitro das sementes. As plantas foram inoculadas em câmara de fluxo laminar em frascos “tipo maionese” e mantidas em sala de crescimento sob radiação fotossintética ativa de 9 μmol.m-2.s-1 e temperatura de 25 ± 2ºC, durante 60 dias. O delineamento estatístico utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado com três repetições, em que cada repetição consistiu de 10 frascos, sendo inoculadas cinco plantas por frasco. As variáveis avaliadas foram: número de raízes formadas, matéria seca da raiz, matéria fresca total e número de folhas emitidas. Os resultados mostraram que a sacarose determinou um efeito significativo sobre as características analisadas. Com a redução de 30 g.L-1 para 15 g.L-1, houve um acréscimo no número de raízes por planta e no peso da matéria fresca total. O estudo mostrou um efeito positivo da redução da sacarose para o enraizamento de S. mucugensis, sendo a concentração de 15 g.L-1 no meio MS/2 a mais indicada para o estabelecimento in vitro dessa espécie. Apoio: IMSEAR/CNPq.
Estudo da germinação e morfologia do desenvolvimento pós-seminal de Syngonanthus mucugensis Giul. “in vitro”
Authors: Silva José Roberto S. , Santos Janilza da Paixão , Rios Ana Paula S. , Santana José Raniere F. , Dornelles Ana Lúcia C.
Published: May 2022

Syngonanthus mucugensis (Eriocaulaceae) ocorre nos campos rupestres da Bahia. Sua importância econômica reside no uso em artesanatos das inflorescências e escapos. Isso confere a essa espécie alto valor comercial e o seu extrativismo constitui-se em uma importante atividade econômica nas regiões onde ocorre. A exploração tem sido feita de forma indiscriminada, o que expõe a espécie ao risco de extinção. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar as principais características da germinação e analisar a morfologia do desenvolvimento pós-seminal de S. mucugensis in vitro, visando fornecer subsídios para futuros trabalhos. Após assepsia e tratamento de embebição por 24 horas, as sementes foram colocadas para germinar em placas de Petri sob condições controladas no claro ou no escuro. Foram utilizadas 20 sementes em cada placa de Petri, contendo meio de cultura para germinação (7 g.L-1 de ágar), com pH 5,7 ajustado antes da autoclavagem (1 atm, 121 ºC e 15 min). Os resultados mostraram que sementes de S. mucugensis necessitam de luz para germinar, a germinação é do tipo hipógea com taxa superior a 85%, ocorrendo um embrião por semente. A primeira fase do desenvolvimento pósseminal inicia-se com a protrusão do eixo embrionário de onde se desenvolvem concomitantemente as folhas e as raízes. Aproximadamente 25 dias após a germinação, as plantas apresentaram comprimento médio de 10 mm, cerca de quatro folhas com tricomas malphighiáceos distribuídos pelas margens e um sistema radicular formado por duas raízes.
The fruit set and the seed germination of Anemopaegma chamberlaynii Bur. & K. Schum. (Bignoniaceae)- A register of polyembryony
Authors: Correia Maria Célia R. , Pinheiro Maria Célia B. , Lima Heloísa A.
Published: May 2022

A register of polyembryony) - The fruit set under natural conditions and the seed germination of Anemopaegma chamberlaynii Bur. & K. Schum. were studied in Maricá (Rio de Janeiro State) sand dunes “restinga vegetation”. The species demonstrates a low fruit / flower ratio (4.86%) but a high seed / ovule ratio. The seeds display anemocoric dispersion. Germination assays showed that recently collected seeds have higher rates of germination (79.3%). Polyembryony was recorded for the first time for the genus Anemopaegma. Seedlings were not found in the natural habitat.
Besouro/ Abejorro/ Beetle / Maggiolino/ Hanneton/ Käfer / Enema: uma análise lexical contrastiva do termo “besouro” e seus derivados
Authors: Costa Neto Eraldo Medeiros , Gouw Monique Sian
Published: May 2022

Baseando-se na constatação de que os besouros são insetos culturalmente significativos para os seres humanos devido ao grande número de espécies e por sua variedade quase infinita de tamanhos, cores, formas e modos de vida, este artigo trata da semântica descritiva do termo “besouro”, seus equivalentes sinonímicos e palavras derivadas observando-se a descrição lexicográfica presente em dicionários de diferentes idiomas. Os dados foram obtidos entre outubro a novembro de 2004 e fevereiro a março de 2005, consultando-se 47 dicionários de italiano, alemão, espanhol, francês, inglês, português e tupi-guarani. Estes léxicos pertencem ao acervo da Biblioteca Central Julieta Carteado da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana. Os dados foram analisados seguindo-se uma abordagem semasiológica, registrando-se tanto o significado denotativo do próprio lexema besouro quanto as metáforas, metonímias e expressões idiomáticas associadas a este vocábulo no português do Brasil e seus equivalentes em outros idiomas. Os resultados demonstram que as significações relacionadas ao lexema besouro são peculiares a cada língua. O sentido conotativo apareceu em todos os idiomas, com exceção do alemão e do tupi-guarani. Observa-se que tanto os vocábulos relacionados com o lexema besouro como as descrições semasiológicas quase sempre se referem a insetos conhecidos como escaravelhos e tipos semelhantes (família Scarabaeidae). Isto sugere que esse grupo de besouros possa ter sido considerado como grupo prototípico no processo de identificação nominativa das centenas de milhares de insetos que compartilham o mundo com os seres humanos.
Solving optimal carrier frequencies of a CGH null compensator through a double-constrained searching method based on iterative ray-tracings
Authors: Liang Zijian , Zhao Hongyang , Yang Yongying
Published: May 2022

Interferometry based on a computer-generated hologram (CGH) null compensator is a general method for high-precision metrology of aspherics. Because the most commonly used CGHs are the Ronchi type with only two quantization steps, tilt and defocus carrier frequencies must always be introduced to separate the disturbing diffraction orders (DDOs). Determining the amount of carrier frequencies is a pivotal but difficult issue in the CGH design process. Previous studies have only drawn qualitative conclusions or obtained some approximate results under specific conditions. This paper proposes a double-constrained searching method based on iterative ray-tracings, which can directly and accurately give the optimal combination of tilt and defocus carrier frequencies, as long as the aspheric under test is a concave one and has an analytical expression. The optimal carrier frequencies solved by the proposed method will minimize the line density of the CGH on the premise of separating all DDOs, which will reduce the cost and difficulty of fabrication as much as possible. The proposed method is almost error-free and holds a clear advantage over the previous methods in terms of versatility. Several typical design examples are presented to verify the feasibility and versatility of the proposed method. Its accuracy is also verified through making comparisons of the ray-tracing results between another method and Zemax models based on these examples.
Statistical iterative spectral CT imaging method based on blind separation of polychromatic projections
Authors: Zhao Xiaojie , Li Yihong , Han Yan , Chen Ping , Wei Jiaotong
Published: May 2022

Spectral computed tomography (CT) can provide narrow-energy-width reconstructed images, thereby suppressing beam hardening artifacts and providing rich attenuation information for component characterization. We propose a statistical iterative spectral CT imaging method based on blind separation of polychromatic projections to improve the accuracy of narrow-energy-width image decomposition. For direct inversion in blind scenarios, we introduce the system matrix into the X-ray multispectral forward model to reduce indirect errors. A constrained optimization problem with edge-preserving regularization is established and decomposed into two sub-problems to be alternately solved. Experiments indicate that the novel algorithm obtains more accurate narrow-energy-width images than the state-of-the-art method.
Superiorly low half-wave voltage electro-optic polymer modulator for visible photonics
Authors: Kamada Shun , Ueda Rieko , Yamada Chiyumi , Tanaka Kouichi , Yamada Toshiki , Otomo Akira
Published: May 2022

Chip-scale optical devices operated at wavelengths shorter than communication wavelengths, such as LiDAR for autonomous driving, bio-sensing, and quantum computation, have been developed in the field of photonics. In data processing involving optical devices, modulators are indispensable for the conversion of electronic signals into optical signals. However, existing modulators have a high half-wave voltage-length product (VπL) which is not sufficient at wavelengths below 1000 nm. Herein, we developed a significantly efficient optical modulator which has low VπL of 0.52 V·cm at λ = 640 nm using an electro-optic (EO) polymer, with a high glass transition temperature (Tg = 164 °C) and low optical absorption loss (2.6 dB/cm) at λ = 640 nm. This modulator is not only more efficient than any EO-polymer modulator reported thus far, but can also enable ultra-high-speed data communication and light manipulation for optical platforms operating in the ranges of visible and below 1000 nm infrared.
Genetic algorithm assisted bridge fiber design and fabrication for few-mode multi-core fiber Fan-in/Fan-out device
Authors: Zhang Fengming , Liu Zhuyixiao , Du Haoze , Shao Yuanhui , Shen Lei , Yang Liubo , Yan Changkun , Zhao Zhiyong , Tang Ming
Published: May 2022

We present a rapid and precise method to design the multiple step-index bridge fiber for ultra-low insertion loss few-mode multi-core fiber Fan-in/Fan-out device. The genetic algorithm is applied to optimize the structural parameters to support multi-mode operation. Based on the proposed intelligent iteration platform, core-based multiplex/demultiplex optimization can be achieved with less than 1.0 dB insertion loss for the first 6 LP modes in space division multiplexing system consisting of few-mode multi-core fibers. Besides, we have successfully drew the designed bridge fiber and fabricated the corresponding Fan-in/Fan-out device. When connecting it with the single-core 6-mode fiber and 7-core 6-mode fiber, the average insertion losses of mode LP01, LP11a, LP11b, LP21a, LP21b, and LP02 are 0.88 dB, 1.11 dB, 1.07 dB, 1.42 dB, 1.33 dB, and 1.04 dB, respectively.
Efficient all-inorganic red perovskite light-emitting diodes with dual-interface-modified perovskites by vapor deposition
Authors: Guo Shuang , Liu He-Fu , Liu Yue-Feng
Published: May 2022

Interface engineering has been extensively used in perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs), which proves to be an effective and intelligent approach for surface defect passivation. However, the existing passivation strategy is restricted to the solution process, which results in poor compatibility with vapor-deposited PeLEDs and moderate controllability. Here, we propose a dual-interface modification strategy to facilitate the performance improvement of vapor-deposited all-inorganic red PeLEDs. An ultrathin phenylethanamine bromide (PEABr) layer is introduced to both the upper and lower interfaces of the vapor-deposited perovskite emission layer by vapor deposition. The vapor deposition of the PEABr with fine-controlled film thickness is a reliable and simple process and compatible with vapor-deposited all-inorganic PeLEDs. The dual-interface modification plays an observable role in manipulating the crystallization and surface morphology of the CsPbBrI2 film, which is of significance for the improvement of the PeLEDs’ performance. As a result, the red PeLEDs achieve a maximum luminance and external quantum efficiency of 2338 cd/m2 and 1.75%, corresponding to enhancements of 2.75 and 5.25 times compared with those of PeLEDs without PEABr. This approach paves the way to high-efficiency all-evaporated all-inorganic PeLEDs.
Performance evaluation of the Asante Rapid Recency Assay for verification of HIV diagnosis and detection of recent HIV-1 infections: Implications for epidemic control
Authors: Yufenyuy Ernest L. , Detorio Mervi , Dobbs Trudy , Patel Hetal K. , Jackson Keisha , Vedapuri Shanmugam , Parekh Bharat S.
Published: May 2022

We previously described development of a rapid test for recent infection (RTRI) that can diagnose HIV infection and detect HIV-1 recent infections in a single device. This technology was transferred to a commercial partner as Asante Rapid Recency Assay (ARRA). We evaluated performance of the ARRA kits in the laboratory using a well-characterized panel of specimens. The plasma specimen panel (N = 1500) included HIV-1 (N = 570), HIV-2 (N = 10), and HIV-negatives (N = 920) representing multiple subtypes and geographic locations. Reference diagnostic data were generated using the Bio-Rad HIV-1-2-O EIA/Western blot algorithm with further serotyping performed using the Multispot HIV-1/2 assay. The LAg-Avidity EIA was used to generate reference data on recent and long-term infection for HIV-1 positive specimens at a normalized optical density (ODn) cutoff of 2.0 corresponding to a mean duration of about 6 months. All specimens were tested with ARRA according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. Test strips were also read for line intensities using a reader and results were correlated with visual interpretation. ARRA’s positive verification line (PVL) correctly classified 575 of 580 HIV-positive and 910 of 920 negative specimens resulting in a sensitivity of 99.1% (95% CI: 98.0–99.6) and specificity of 98.9% (95% CI: 98.1–99.4), respectively. The reader-based classification was similar for PVL with sensitivity of 99.3% (576/580) and specificity of 98.8% (909/920). ARRA’s long-term line (LTL) classified 109 of 565 HIV-1 specimens as recent and 456 as long-term compared to 98 as recent and 467 as long-term (LT) by LAg-Avidity EIA (cutoff ODn = 2.0), suggesting a mean duration of recent infection (MDRI) close to 6 months. Agreement of ARRA with LAg recent cases was 81.6% (80/98) and LT cases was 93.8% (438/467), with an overall agreement of 91.7% (kappa = 0.72). The reader (cutoff 2.9) classified 109/566 specimens as recent infections compared to 99 by the LAg-Avidity EIA for recency agreement of 81.8% (81/99), LT agreement of 9% (439/467) with overall agreement of 91.9% (kappa = 0.72). The agreement between visual interpretation and strip reader was 99.9% (95% CI: 99.6–99.9) for the PVL and 98.1% (95% CI: 96.6–98.9) for the LTL. ARRA performed well with HIV diagnostic sensitivity >99% and specificity >98%. Its ability to identify recent infections is comparable to the LA-Avidity EIA corresponding to an MDRI of about 6 months. This point-of-care assay has implications for real-time surveillance of new infections among newly diagnosed individuals for targeted prevention and interrupting ongoing transmission thus accelerating epidemic control.
Changes in cortical auditory evoked potentials in response to auditory training in elderly hearing aid users: A pilot study
Authors: Alcântara Yara Bagali , Toledo Willians Walace Fante , de Lima Karoline Ribeiro , Carnaúba Aline Tenório Lins , Chagas Eduardo Federighi Baisi , Frizzo Ana Claudia Figueiredo
Published: May 2022

Objective

To compare the cortical auditory evoked potential responses pre-and post-Auditory Musical Training associated with hearing aid adaptation in elderly people with presbycusis.

Design

This is a pilot, prospective, randomized, single-blind study.

Study sample

Eight presbiacusis elderly people between 65 and 80 years, new hearing aid users, divided into two groups participated in the study: Hearing Aid Group: use of hearing aid; and Auditory Training Group: use of hearing aid in addition to musical auditory training for 16 sessions. All participants were submitted to cortical auditory evoked potential tests with verbal stimulation in two different moments: Initial assessment, carried out before hearing aid adaptation and auditory training, and after three months, final assessment at the end of the auditory training sessions. All participants were adapted bilaterally with digital mini hearing aids.

Results

There was a decrease in the P3a latency component for the Auditory Training Group when initial and final assessment were compared.

Conclusion

There was a change in the cortical auditory evoked potential in elderly people with presbycusis in response to the Musical Auditory Training associated with the use of hearing aids in elderly people with presbycusis.
Transforming women’s and providers’ experience of care for improved outcomes: A theory of change for group antenatal care in Kenya and Nigeria
Authors: Grenier Lindsay , Onguti Brenda , Whiting-Collins Lillian J. , Omanga Eunice , Suhowatsky Stephanie , Winch Peter J.
Published: May 2022

Background

Group antenatal care (G-ANC) is a promising model for improving quality of maternal care and outcomes in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) but little has been published examining the mechanisms by which it may contribute to those improvements. Substantial interplay can be expected between pregnant women and providers’ respective experiences of care, but most studies report findings separately. This study explores the experience and effects of G-ANC on both women and providers to inform an integrated theory of change for G-ANC in LMICs.

Methods

This paper reports on multiple secondary outcomes from a pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial of group antenatal care in Kenya and Nigeria conducted from October 2016—November 2018 including 20 clusters per country. We collected qualitative data from providers and women providing or receiving group antenatal care via focus group discussions (19 with women; 4 with providers) and semi-structured interviews (42 with women; 4 with providers). Quantitative data were collected via surveys administered to 1) providers in the intervention arm at enrollment and after facilitating 4 cohorts and 2) women in both study arms at enrollment; 3–6 weeks postpartum; and 1 year postpartum. Through an iterative approach with framework analysis, we explored the interactions of voiced experience and perceived effects of care and placed them relationally within a theory of change. Selected variables from baseline and final surveys were analyzed to examine applicability of the theory to all study participants.

Results

Findings support seven inter-related themes. Three themes relate to the shared experience of care of women and providers: forming supportive relationships and open communication; becoming empowered partners in learning and care; and providing and receiving meaningful clinical services and information. Four themes relate to effects of that experience, which are not universally shared: self-reinforcing cycles of more and better care; linked improvements in health knowledge, confidence, and healthy behaviors; improved communication, support, and care beyond G-ANC meetings; and motivation to continue providing G-ANC. Together these themes map to a theory of change which centers the shared experience of care for women and providers among multiple pathways to improved outcomes.

Discussion

The reported experience and effects of G-ANC on women and providers are consistent with other studies in LMICs. This study is novel because it uses the themes to present a theory of change for G-ANC in low-resource settings. It is useful for G-ANC implementation to inform model development, test adaptations, and continue exploring mechanisms of action in future research.
The effects of antibiotic cycling and mixing on acquisition of antibiotic resistant bacteria in the ICU: A post-hoc individual patient analysis of a prospective cluster-randomized crossover study
Authors: van Duijn Pleun J. , Verbrugghe Walter , Jorens Philippe G. , Spöhr Fabian , Schedler Dirk , Deja Maria , Rothbart Andreas , Annane Djillali , Lawrence Christine , Jereb Matjaz , Seme Katja , Šifrer Franc , Tomič Viktorija , Estevez Francisco , Carneiro Jandira , Harbarth Stephan , Bonten Marc J. M.
Published: May 2022

Background

Repeated rotation of empiric antibiotic treatment strategies is hypothesized to reduce antibiotic resistance. Clinical rotation studies failed to change unit-wide prevalence of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) carriage, including an international cluster-randomized crossover study. Unit-wide effects may differ from individual effects due to “ecological fallacy”. This post-hoc analysis of a cluster-randomized crossover study assesses differences between cycling and mixing rotation strategies in acquisition of carriage with Gram-negative ARB in individual patients.

Methods

This was a controlled cluster-randomized crossover study in 7 ICUs in 5 European countries. Clinical cultures taken as routine care were used for endpoint assessment. Patients with a first negative culture and at least one culture collected in total were included. Community acquisitions (2 days of admission or less) were excluded. Primary outcome was ICU-acquisition of Enterobacterales species with reduced susceptibility to: third- or fourth generation cephalosporins or piperacillin-tazobactam, and Acinetobacter species and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with reduced susceptibility for piperacillin-tazobactam or carbapenems. Cycling (altering first-line empiric therapy for Gram-negative bacteria, every other 6-weeks), to mixing (changing antibiotic type every empiric antibiotic course). Rotated antibiotics were third- or fourth generation cephalosporins, piperacillin-tazobactam and carbapenems.

Results

For this analysis 1,613 admissions were eligible (855 and 758 during cycling and mixing, respectively), with 16,437 microbiological cultures obtained. Incidences of acquisition with ARB during ICU-stay were 7.3% (n = 62) and 5.1% (n = 39) during cycling and mixing, respectively (p-value 0.13), after a mean of 17.7 (median 15) and 20.8 (median 13) days. Adjusted odds ratio for acquisition of ARB carriage during mixing was 0.62 (95% CI 0.38 to 1.00). Acquired carriage with ARB were Enterobacterales species (n = 61), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 38) and Acinetobacter species (n = 20), with no statistically significant differences between interventions.

Conclusions

There was no statistically significant difference in individual patients’ risk of acquiring carriage with Gram-negative ARB during cycling and mixing. These findings substantiate the absence of difference between cycling and mixing on the epidemiology of Gram-negative ARB in ICU.

Trial registration

This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, registered 10 January 2011, NCT01293071.
The relationship between perceived built environment and cycling or e-biking for transport among older adults–a cross-sectional study
Authors: Brüchert Tanja , Quentin Paula , Bolte Gabriele
Published: May 2022

The built environment plays a key role in promoting active mobility for healthy aging. Encouraging active mobility among older adults, however, can be especially challenging in more rural areas where distances tend to be longer and infrastructure is favoring car traffic. The association of older adults’ perception of attributes of the built environment with cycling and e-biking for transport was investigated. The potential moderating effects of age, sex, and mobility impairments were explored. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in towns and communities of <100,000 inhabitants, including 2,144 participants (mean age: 74; 53% men). Three different cycling outcomes (any cycling/e-biking, frequency (≥3 days/week) and amount (minutes/week)) were analyzed among all cyclists and e-bike users separately, resulting in six dependent variables. The impact of ten environmental attributes on these outcomes was analyzed in separate models. Overall, street connectivity, and the proximity and number of destinations were most important. Only street connectivity and traffic safety were related to minutes cycling or e-biking per week. Cycling amount was higher overall for e-biking but fewer environmental attributes showed an association compared to any cycling, regardless of bicycle type. Traffic safety was not associated with four out of the six cycling outcomes and was inversely associated with minutes cycling or e-biking. Density was not related to any of the variables investigated. Several interaction effects of sex, age, and mobility impairments were found. Further research is needed on environmental attributes influencing e-bike use, the most important types of destinations, and a more differentiated assessment of perceived traffic safety in older adults.
Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) systems: Promoting cocaine pursuit without distress via incentive motivation
Authors: Baumgartner Hannah M. , Granillo Madeliene , Schulkin Jay , Berridge Kent C.
Published: May 2022

Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) systems in limbic structures are posited to mediate stress-induced relapse in addiction, traditionally by generating distress states that spur drug consumption as attempts at hedonic self-medication. Yet evidence suggests that activating CRF-expressing neurons in the central amygdala (CeA) or nucleus accumbens (NAc) can magnify incentive motivation in absence of distress, at least for sucrose rewards. However, traditional CRF hypotheses in addiction neuroscience are primarily directed toward drug rewards. The question remains open whether CRF systems can similarly act via incentive motivation mechanisms to promote pursuit of drug rewards, such as cocaine. Here we tested whether optogenetic excitation of CRF-containing neurons in either NAc medial shell, lateral CeA, or dorsolateral BNST of transgenic Crh-Cre+ rats would spur preference and pursuit of a particular laser-paired cocaine reward over an alternative cocaine reward, and whether excitation served as a positively-valenced incentive itself, through laser self-stimulation tests. We report that excitation of CRF-containing neurons in either NAc or CeA recruited mesocorticolimbic circuitry to amplify incentive motivation to pursue the laser-paired cocaine: focusing preference on the laser-paired cocaine reward in a two-choice task, and spurred pursuit as doubled breakpoint in a progressive ratio task. Crucially indicating positive-valence, excitation of CRF neurons in NAc and CeA also was actively sought after by most rats in self-stimulation tasks. Conversely, CRF neuronal activation in BNST was never self-stimulated, but failed to enhance cocaine consumption. Collectively, we find that NAc and CeA CRF-containing neurons can amplify pursuit and consumption of cocaine by positively-valenced incentive mechanisms, without any aversive distress.
Inprimatuak editatzen: deskribapen bibliografikoa eta testu-kritika Kapanagaren dotrinaren argitan
Authors: Ulibarri Orueta Koldo
Published: May 2022

Lan honetan testu-bibliografia (textual bibliography) jorratuko dugu eta inprimatuak editatzeko orduan ikerketa moldeak erakusten dizkigun bideez arituko. Horretarako, deskribapen bibliografikoa zer den azalduko dugu eta testuaren edizio kritikoa egiteko orduan deskribapenok izan dezaketen berebiziko garrantzia erakutsiko. Honen erakusgarri Kapanagaren Dotrina Christiana (1656) liburuaren deskribapen bibliografikoa izango da: deskribapen iruzkindu bat egingo dugu, ager daitekeen informazioak zer adierazten duen azaldurik, bai eta liburuaren sorrerari buruzko datu horiek edizio kritikoan nolako eragina izan dezaketen ere. Modu honetan, aldarrikatu nahi dugu inprimatuen edizio kritiko egoki bat egiteko ezinbestekoa dela deskribapen bibliografiakoa, honetatik atera daitezkeen ondorioak beharrezkoak baitira.
On the reliability of Larramendi’s evidence
Authors: Urgell Blanca
Published: May 2022

In this article, the analysis of the sources of Manuel de Larramendi’s (1690-1766) grammar and dictionary reveals the importance of his work and asserts that they are necessary tools to better understand the history of the Basque language.
First, we will offer an overview of the reception of Larramendi’s works from the 18th century to the 20th (§ 1), in order to show that from the end of the 19th century onwards vascologists highlighted their apologetic aspect and downplayed their significance as the first printed Basque linguistic tools, just the opposite of what had happened previously.
We will go on to evaluate the reliability and richness of his Diccionario Trilingüe (DT, 1745) with a sample (§ 2) to show the large number of words from the oral language collected by Larramendi, in what semantic fields they are concentrated and, ultimately, the relevance of his dictionary as a means of attesting words and variants, and dating them.
As this paper presents the results of a first approach to the Basque sources of Larramendi’s grammar (1729), we will seek to establish that the Labourdin writers Etxeberri of Ziburu (1627, 1630) and Haranburu (1635) are some of them, and perhaps also Axular (1643), all of them known sources of his dictionary.
Finally, regarding the Biscayan dialect, the data shows that, although some of the verb forms may have been taken from Capanaga's catechism (1656), others are coined by Larramendi analogically from the paradigms of the Guipuzcoan dialect.
Zaraitzuko uskara eta Ipar Euskal Herriko berrikuntzen hedadura
Authors: Camino Iñaki
Published: May 2022

Azterketa honek bi aldi kronologikoren artean ibili nahi du: garai berrienetarako Zuazok (1998, 2014) proposatzen duen dialekto zatiketaren eta Lakarrak (2011, 2017) Euskara Batu Zaharrarentzat dakarren lehen zatiketaren eskemaren artean. Horretarako xvi. mendeko testu zaharrak balia ditzakegu, baina Nafarroako Pirinioan ez ditugu horiek xviii eta xix. mendeak arte aurkitzen. Helburu horretara hurbiltzeko Nafarroako Zaraitzu ibarreko euskara deskribatuko dugu eta euskaldun zaraitzuarren hizkuntza-datuak Ipar Euskal Herriko garai desberdinetako isoglosen jokaerarekin alderatuko ditugu. Azterketan hizkuntza-aldaketen balizko eragile gramatikalak agertu zaizkigu, zein hedadura-eredu ageri duten berrikuntzek, noraino heldu diren, isoglosen zein muga geografiko errepikatzen diren eta zein berrikuntzak gurutzatu duten Pirinioa Nafarroa Garaira bidean. Berrikuntzen kronologia ahalaz argitzen eta kronologia hori finkatzen duten irizpideetan sakontzen ere saiatu gara, emaitzak beti nahi bezain onak izan ez badira ere.
Ezaugarriak aztertu ondotik Zaraitzuko eta Nafarroa Behereko euskararen ikuspegi hobea izatea lortu dugu. Nafarroa Behereko euskara berriztatu denean, hondarreko mendeetan, bederen, ezaugarria Lapurdi alderat hedatu da. Nafarroa Behereko mintzoak beste berrikuntza batzuen eragina bildu badu edo kanpotikako berrikuntzak herrialde honetara heldu badira, baxenabartarren euskarak Lapurdikoarekin batzera jo du, baina iraganean zuberotarrenarekin batzera ere jo zuen, hartara, ezin mintza gaitezke garbiki Nafarroa Behereko dialekto batez, ez baita mintzo lapurtarretik edo zuberotarretik bereizi. Lan honetan lortu ditugun emaitzen bidez etorkizuneko lan hipotesi bat aurkeztu nahi dugu, zeinarentzat oraingoz, bederen, bi aldi geolinguistiko desberdin bereizten ditugun: hondarreko garaian Lapurdik eta Nafarroa Behereak bateratzera jo dute hizkuntzan, baina iraganean Nafarroa Behereak eta Zuberoak egin zuten hori. Ipar Euskal Herriko eskualde batzuetako eta Nafarroa Garaiko ekialdeko ibarretako mintzoen arteko bateratzeak denboran kokatzea da helburua.
Zenbait ezaugarri araberaren definiziorako
Authors: Ondartza Iker
Published: May 2022

Araban hitz egiten zen —eta egiten den— euskara dialektalaz arituko gara lan honetan. Azken urteotan honen inguruan aurrerapen handiak egiten ari dira, eta baita araberak Euskal Herriko mendebaldeko dialektoen bilakabidea ulertzeko duen garrantzia argitzen ere. Hala ere, araberak definitu gabe jarraitzen du. Hori izango da lan honetako helburu nagusia: araberaren definizio linguistiko eta geografikoan aurreratzea. Bada, Arabako euskarari buruz orain arte esandakoaz hasi gara (§ 1), honen gaineko ideia nagusien berrikuste labur bat eginez eta lanaren lan-lerroak eta corpusa aurkeztuz. Ondoren, ezaugarri linguistikoen analisia egin dugu, hauek 4 multzo nagusitan sailkatuz: MEZren ezaugarriak (§ 2.1), Arabako euskara Bizkaikoarekin lotzen duten ezaugarriak (§ 2.2), bereizten dutenak (§ 2.3) eta araberaren ezaugarri esklusiboak diratekeenak (§ 2.4). Azkenik, analisitik ateratako ondorioak aurkeztu ditugu, arabera definitzeko zenbait ezaugarri aukeratuz eta geografikoki kokatuz.
Behin Batean
Authors: Korta Kepa
Published: May 2022

Musika eta literaturaren eta, oro har, artearen filosofian eta estetikan hainbat lanen egile ezagun izan zen Peter Kivyk izan zuen harremana Donostiarekin eta Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatearekin. Ez Filosofia sailarekin zuzenean, ILCLIrekin (Logika, Kognizio, Hizkuntza eta Informaziorako Institutuarekin) baizik. Harreman horrek utzi zuen bere arrastoa artearen filosofia eta estetikako euskal ikerketan; arrasto txikia, baina arrastoa, nolanahi ere; datozen urteetan luzatuko dena, itxura guztien arabera. Honako lan hau harreman horren kronika da.
El derecho a la desconexión digital desde un punto de vista de la prevención de riesgos laborales
Authors: Ayerra Duesca Nuria
Published: May 2022

En un contexto de cambios tecnológicos, organizativos y culturales en el mundo laboral, adquiere una gran importancia el trabajo online -utilizando dispositivos y herramientas digitales- en detrimento del trabajo presencial, como consecuencia de la digitalización de la economía y de la pandemia provocada por la Covid-19. Para dar respuesta a la aparición de nuevas formas de organización del trabajo, se ha aprobado la Ley 10/2021, de 9 julio, de trabajo a distancia (anterior RD-Ley 28/2020). El presente artículo centra su atención en el análisis del derecho a la desconexión digital en el régimen jurídico actual, como herramienta para prevenir los riesgos laborales derivados del teletrabajo o trabajo a distancia en un momento de máxima hiperconectividad por el uso de tecnologías digitales, y como garantía de seguridad y salud laboral. A tal fin, se pone de manifiesto la necesidad de abordar el derecho a la desconexión digital desde un punto de vista preventivo.
Bi-directionality and time in causal relationships
Authors: Samaniego Fernanda
Published: May 2022

This paper aims to provide an answer to James Woodward’s article “Flagpoles anyone? Causal and explanatory asymmetries”. It will be conjectured that, when causal directionality depends on the experimental design, it is because the variables involved are capable of producing changes in each other. This will be exemplified using the case of ideal gases as opposed to the flagpole-shadow scenario.
Editors' introduction
Authors: Artiga Marc , González de Prado Javier
Published: May 2022

Editors' introduction to 'James Woodward: Causal and explanatory asymmetries'.
Atención farmacéutica y estudio de la adherencia al tratamiento en pacientes con SPD en una oficina de farmacia en Plasencia en el periodo febrero a julio de 2021
Authors: Martín Crisanto , Granados Laura Zoe
Published: May 2022

El trabajo está basado en la atención farmacéutica que se ha dado a pacientes que utilizan los sistemas personalizados de dosificación en el tratamiento de sus diferentes patologías, así como del estudio de la adherencia de estos pacientes a dichos tratamientos. El estudio se llevó a cabo en una farmacia en Plasencia con una muestra de 10 pacientes habituales de avanzada edad. Se utilizó una encuesta para valorar distintos parámetros, entre ellos el grado de adherencia al tratamiento mediante el test de Morisky-Green. Este trabajo busca la puesta en valor de este tipo de sistemas para la mejora de la calidad de vida de los pacientes, los sanitarios y el Sistema Nacional de Salud.
Intervención farmacéutica para la mejora de la adherencia terapéutica mediante la implantación de SPD en una farmacia comunitaria
Authors: Codesal Gervás Tomás , Refoyo Romero Elena
Published: May 2022

La falta de adherencia terapéutica es un gran problema mundial, ya que supone una pérdida de los beneficios de la farmacoterapia y de la calidad de vida, además de las consecuencias sanitarias, económicas y sociales.

Los farmacéuticos comunitarios tienen un papel muy importante, ya que pueden reconocer y actuar, junto con el paciente y los demás profesionales sanitarios, en los problemas relacionados con la falta de adherencia terapéutica de manera individualizada y protocolizada.

En el servicio de atención farmacéutica se detecta, frecuentemente, una falta de adherencia terapéutica, por tanto, se pensó que sería efectivo intervenir con la utilización de los sistemas personalizados de dosificación (SPD) y hacerlo siempre en colaboración con el resto del equipo de atención primaria.

Los SPD son una herramienta importante, creada para mejorar la adherencia terapéutica y garantizar la efectividad y seguridad de los tratamientos establecidos.
Aportación de la farmacocinética al tratamiento con fenobarbital: aplicación a algunos casos clínicos
Authors: García Sánchez M.ª José , Vivar Pérez Marina , Santos Buelga M.ª Dolores
Published: May 2022

El objetivo del estudio es evaluar la capacidad predictiva de un modelo farmacocinético poblacional de fenobarbital, desarrollado en la Facultad de Farmacia de la Universidad de Salamanca e implementando en un software de farmacocinética clínica en vías de desarrollo (WinPKs). La utilización de este software permite realizar una estimación de los parámetros farmacocinéticos de pacientes monitorizados diagnosticados de epilepsia. Para ello, se utilizan algoritmos bayesianos que requieren tanto información a priori sobre las concentraciones plasmáticas del fármaco alcanzadas en cada paciente como datos del modelo poblacional implementado en el software. El estudio se realizó en 30 pacientes ambulatorios, de entre los 19 y 87 años, incorporados al programa de monitorización terapéutica del Servicio de Farmacia del Hospital Clínico Universitario de Salamanca. Se disponía de un total de 79 concentraciones plasmáticas de fenobarbital obtenidas al final del intervalo posológico y en situación de equilibrio. Para evaluar la capacidad predictiva del modelo poblacional, se calcularon los errores de predicción entre las concentraciones predichas y las concentraciones observadas, estimándose un error medio inferior al 2?%. Aunque los resultados de este estudio avalan la conveniencia del modelo poblacional de fenobarbital, se precisaría un mayor tamaño de muestra para poder concluir su utilidad en la optimización de los regímenes de dosificación del fármaco.
Psychopathological descriptive model of hallucinogenic/psychedelic drugs effect in the treatment of depression and addictions
Authors: Girala Nestor
Published: May 2022

Introduction

There is a growing and renewed interest in the use of hallucinogenic drugs in the treatment of psychiatric disorders, especially since the FDA approval of esketamine treatment for resistant depression.

The response to hallucinogenic psychedelic substances (ayahuasca, psilocybin, LSD, ketamine) in the treatment of depression and addictions calls for a theoretical explanatory model.

Objectives

Provide a descriptive / explanatory psychopathological model of the response to treatment with hallucinogenic drugs based on the descriptions of the subjects and the comparison with other extreme life experiences.

Methods

Relevant published literature on subjective experiences in treatment with hallucinogenic drugs for depression and addictions is reviewed.

It is compared with subjective experiences in life changing experiences.

Results

Intense emotional states, mystical-type experiences including feelings of oneness, transcendence, ineffability, and the complex emotion of awe seem to be consistently presented as psychic elements related to the efficacy of these treatments.

The genetic and cultural (memetic) evolutionary value of these emotions in the cohesiveness of human groups and the genesis of affective symptoms, and in the recalibration of cognitions and emotions, is discussed.

Conclusions

The efficacy of hallucinogenic drugs used in the treatment of depression and addictions is accompanied by complex and varied emotions but with common psychopathological elements that could mediate their action.
ECG signal classification based on adaptive multi-channel weighted neural network
Authors: Qiao Fengjuan , Li Bin , Gao Mengqi , Li Jiangjiao
Published: May 2022

The intelligent diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases is a topic of great interest. Many electrocardiogram (ECG) recognition technologies have emerged, but most of them have low recognition accuracy and poor clinical application. To improve the accuracy of ECG classification, this paper proposes a multi-channel neural network framework. Concretely, a multi-channel feature extractor is constructed by using four types of filters, which are weighted according to their importance, as measured by kurtosis. A bidirectional long short-term memory (BLSTM) network structure based on attention mechanism is constructed, and the extracted features are taken as the input of the network, and the algorithm is optimized by attention mechanism. An experiment conducted on the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database shows that the proposed algorithm obtains excellent results, with 99.20 % specificity, 99.87 % sensitivity, and 99.89 % accuracy. Therefore, the algorithm is practical and effective in the clinical diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases.
Looking for Realism: Neo-Assyrian Horses Through the Prism of Reality
Authors: Spruyt Margaux
Published: May 2022

Neo-Assyrian reliefs have been studied as a coherent whole in number of publications, including the notable works by Pauline Albenda and Elena Cassin. Choosing the representation of equids, largely represented in the reliefs, and more precisely the depiction of their expressions, allows us to raise new questions. What was the essence of the relationship between humans and horses in the empire? Did neo-Assyrians really observe their stallions? Are the depictions of horses really accurate? In order to carry out this project, a comparative analysis method has been designed, using tools developed by veterinarians to help understand the animal’s expression (EquiFACS). It brings into perspective photographs of actual horses taken during etiopathy sessions and the representations within the reliefs. The main idea is to compare images of horses in stressful or painful context to neo-Assyrian stallions depicted in violent scenes, where they might express the same feelings. This research enhances our perception of the observation quality of the Neo-Assyrian artists themselves. For the present paper, only two reliefs from Ashurbanipal’s reign will be studied (BM 124858 and BM 124876). Now held in the British Museum, they bear specific representations of horses being harnessed, or in lion hunting scenes. Bulging eyes, ears pointed to the back, mouth wide open are signs expressing difficult emotions such as fear, distress or pain – emotions which can also be observed on real life horses. These characteristic signs reflect the subtlety and the ability of the Neo-Assyrian artists in their depictions of these animals – emblematic of the empire.
Modelling Tundra Ponds as Initiators of Peat Plateau Thaw, Northern Hudson Bay Lowland, Manitoba
Authors: Dyke Larry D. , Sladen Wendy E.
Published: May 2022

Frozen peat in permafrost regions poses a potential source of increased greenhouse gas production should these deposits thaw. Ponds on frozen peat plateaus in northern Manitoba are numerically modelled as heat sources to determine their potential to promote thaw. Modelling indicates that anticipated climate warming of approximately 2 °C between 2020 and 2050 will produce taliks up to few metres thick beneath ponds a few tens of metres across. However, active-layer thickness in the subaerial parts of peat plateaus will not increase beyond the peat thickness. These findings assume 1) a climate warming rate under a moderately effective intervention in greenhouse gas production, 2) pond freezing regimes that represent both rapid ice formation and ice formation delayed by rapid snow accumulation and 3) snow thermal conductivities that anticipate snow conductivity increase during the freeze interval. These conditions and properties may turn out to be less conducive to talik expansion than the values that will actually occur. Despite these uncertainties, peat plateau pond sizes and plateau margin positions can be monitored to ascertain the onset of accelerated thawing.
Editorial
Authors: Vidal Ortega Antonino , Luquetta Cediel David J.
Published: May 2022

Editorial del Número 15 de "Memorias. Revista digital de Historia y Arqueología desde el Caribe"
José Agustín Blanco. Obras completas – Tomo I
Authors: Sourdis Nájera Adelaida
Published: May 2022

Reseña del libro "José Agustín Blanco. Obras Completas" editado por Jorge Villalón y Alexander Vega
Cultura y tradición oral en el Caribe Colombiano
Authors: Vos Obeso Rafaela
Published: May 2022

Reseña del libro "Cultura y tradición oral en el Caribe Colombiano" de los autores Álvaro Baquero y Ada de la Hoz.
Cronología de los naufragios. La Habana colonial
Authors: Martín Rincón Juan Guillermo
Published: May 2022

Reseña del libro Cronología de los naufragios. La Habana colonial. de los autores Alessandro López y Mónica Pavía e Iván Díaz.
“Construyendo lo Global. Aportes al debate de las Relaciones Internacionales”
Authors: Aranda Gilberto
Published: May 2022

Reseña del libro "Construyendo lo Global. Aportes al debate de las Relaciones Internaiconales". Horacio Godoy, Roberto González y Gabriel Orozco
Colombia y los Estados Unidos en los inicios de la Guerra Fría (1950-1966)“Raíces históricas del conflicto armado colombiano”
Authors: Trejos Rosero Luis Fernando
Published: May 2022

El presente trabajo se propone realizar un análisis de la relación bilateral de Colombia y los Estados Unidos durante los inicios de la guerra fría, para demostrar como dicha relación influyo directamente en las dinámicas (políticas, jurídicas y electorales) anticomunistas desatadas en Colombia entre 1950 y 1966, en las cuales tendría su origen el conflicto armado colombiano. En este contexto, se consolida el bipartidismo, la autonomía militar frente al control civil y anticomunismo se convierte en el centro de las políticas de seguridad, además se desarrollan los primeros grupos de autodefensas campesinas comunistas que darían origen a las FARC-EP, y se presentan los primeros quiebres dentro del Partido Comunista Colombiano, originados por la posición de este último, frente a la Revolución cubana y la lucha armada como vía de acceso al poder.