bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous electronic and ionic conduction in ionic liquid imbibed polyacetylene-like conjugated polymer films
Authors: Sreeram Arvind , Krishnan Sitaraman , DeLuca Stephan J. , Abidnejad Azar , Turk Michael C. , Roy Dipankar , Honarvarfard Elham , Goulet Paul J. G.
Published: October 2015

Electron and ion conducting polymer film prepared by hydroiodic acid catalyzed dehydration of poly(vinyl alcohol) and 1-propyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide blend.
An immobilized molybdenum acetylacetonate complex on expanded starch for the epoxidation of stillingia oil
Authors: Hong Mei , Yao Meng-Yue , Pan Hui
Published: October 2015

Epoxidation of stillingia oil was catalysed by ECS-MoO2(acac)2, presenting high selectivity towards the epoxide as well as excellent catalytic recyclability.
Microencapsulation of ammonium polyphosphate with melamine-formaldehyde-tris(2-hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate resin and its flame retardancy in polypropylene
Authors: Jiang Ziwei , Liu Gousheng
Published: October 2015

The reaction scheme of MFT resin pre-polymer.
Selective separation of 152Eu from a mixture of 152Eu and 137Cs using a chitosan based hydrogel
Authors: Maity Santu , Datta Arpita , Lahiri Susanta , Ganguly Jhuma
Published: October 2015

A rapid and novel technique was developed to separate long-lived fission products 152Eu (T1/2 = 13.33 years) and 137Cs (T1/2 = 30.17 years) using a solid liquid extraction (SLX) technique with a chitosan biopolymer based hydrogel (ChG).
A highly active and recyclable catalyst for the synthesis of indole and phenyl ether
Authors: Qiao Bo , Zhang Le , Li Rong
Published: October 2015

A new simple catalytic system consisting of copper-aluminium and hydrotalcite (CuAl–HT) has been developed using a facile one-pot method without harm to the environment.
Mechanism of the Paal–Knorr reaction: the importance of water mediated hemialcohol pathway
Authors: Abbat Sheenu , Dhaked Devendra , Arfeen Minhajul , Bharatam Prasad V.
Published: October 2015

The mechanism of the Paal–Knorr reaction was explored using quantum chemical methods. Hydronium ion catalysed hemialcohol pathway has been established as the preferred mechanistic route for the Paal–Knorr formation of furan, pyrrole and thiophene.
Theoretical study on the radical reaction mechanism in the cross-linking process of polyethylene
Authors: Zhang Hui , Shang Yan , Li Mingxia , Zhao Hong , Wang Xuan , Han Baozhong
Published: October 2015

The mechanism of the valerophenone voltage stabilizer for increasing the electrical breakdown strength of cross-linked polyethylene is expected to provide reliable information to prepare insulation material for high voltage cables up to 500 kV.
Relationship between crosslinking structure and low dielectric constant of hydrophobic epoxies based on substituted biphenyl mesogenic units
Authors: Guo Huilong , Zheng Jian , Gan Jianqun , Liang Liyan , Wu Kun , Lu Mangeng
Published: October 2015

In this work, a series of low dielectric constant hydrophobic epoxies based on substituted biphenyl mesogenic were prepared and characterized.
Highly flexible, tailorable and all-solid-state supercapacitors from carbon nanotube–MnOx composite films
Authors: Guo F. M. , Xu R. Q. , Cui X. , Zang X. B. , Zhang L. , Chen Q. , Wang K. L. , Wei J. Q.
Published: October 2015

Highly flexible and tailorable supercapacitors are fabricated from CNT–MnOx films basing on carbon nanotube (CNT) macrofilms. The supercapacitors exhibit outstanding capacitive properties and reliability under bending, kneading and cutting.
Aggregation of low-concentration dirhamnolipid biosurfactant in electrolyte solution
Authors: Zhong Hua , Yang Lei , Yang Xin , Zeng Guangming , Liu Zhifeng , Liu Yang , Yuan Xingzhong
Published: October 2015

Cryo-transmission electron microscopy tests show aggregate formation for dirhamnolipid biosurfactant at concentrations lower than surface-tension-based critical micelle concentration (CMCst).
Rapid and high-yield production of g-C3N4 nanosheets via chemical exfoliation for photocatalytic H2 evolution
Authors: Tong Jincheng , Zhang Li , Li Fei , Wang Ke , Han Lifen , Cao Shaokui
Published: October 2015

Rapid and high-yield production of g-C3N4 nanosheets with enhanced photocatalytic H2 evolution activity under visible-light irradiation was achieved by adding water into a concentrated H2SO4 suspension of bulk g-C3N4.
Novel design, facile synthesis and low infrared emissivity properties of single-handed helical polysilanes
Authors: Zhang Muyang , Zhou Yuming , He Man , Tao Zhang Tao Zhang , Bu Xiaohai
Published: October 2015

Helical polysilane copolymers, consisting of functional groups, were prepared and exhibited lower infrared emissivity values at wavelengths from 8 to 14 μm. The properties of helical polysilanes were systematically investigated.
Multi-functional biomimetic graphene induced transformation of Fe3O4 to ε-Fe2O3 at room temperature
Authors: Bhattacharya Soumya , Roychowdhury Anirban , Das Dipankar , Nayar Suprabha
Published: October 2015

A schematic showing the formation of nanosized ε-Fe2O3 in protein–polymer functionalized graphene; the templated IONPs literally coat the graphene nanoflakes. G–IONP colloidal fluid, TEM and MFM micrographs provide visual evidence of the same.
N-(Acyloxy)phthalimides as tertiary alkyl radical precursors in the visible light photocatalyzed tandem radical cyclization of N-arylacrylamides to 3,3-dialkyl substituted oxindoles
Authors: Tang Qi , Liu Xiubin , Liu Sheng , Xie Hongqi , Liu Wei , Zeng Jianguo , Cheng Pi
Published: October 2015

A visible light promoted tandem radical cyclization of N-arylacrylamides 1 with N-(acyloxy)phthalimides 2 to 3,3-dialkyl substituted oxindoles 3 was developed. ​Compounds 2 can be used as the precursors of tertiary alkyl radical.
Competitive lithium and sodium intercalation into sodium manganese phospho-olivine NaMnPO4 covered with carbon black
Authors: Boyadzhieva T. , Koleva V. , Zhecheva E. , Nihtianova D. , Mihaylov L. , Stoyanova R.
Published: October 2015

The study demonstrates unusual capabilities of phospho-olivine NaMnPO4 to intercalate lithium and sodium reversibly, which makes it attractive electrode material instead of the conventional lithium analogue LiMnPO4.
Significant emission enhancement of a bola-amphiphile with salicylaldehyde azine moiety induced by the formation of [2]pseudorotaxane with γ-cyclodextrin
Authors: Xu Jia-Long , Quan Ying , Li Qiu-Yan , Lu Han , Wu Hui , Yin Jian , Wang Xiao-Jun , Zhang Quan
Published: October 2015

The emission of a bola-amphiphile with salicyladazine moiety was significantly enhanced by the formation of [2]pseudorotaxane with γ-cyclodextrin, which can specifically localize in mitochondria of living cells.
Stereocontrolled construction of 3H-furo[3,4-b]chromen-1(9H)-one scaffolds via organocatalyzed Michael addition and the following intramolecular dehydration
Authors: Cui L.-Y. , Wang Y.-H. , Chen S.-R. , Wang Y.-M. , Zhou Z.-H.
Published: October 2015

Stereocontrolled construction of 3H-furo[3,4-b]chromen-1(9H)-one scaffolds has been realized via chiral squaramide catalyzed asymmetric Michael addition of tetronic acid to 2-((E)-2-nitrovinyl)phenols and the subsequent intramolecular dehydration.
Na0.56Ti1.72Fe0.28O4: a novel anode material for Na-ion batteries
Authors: Hou Junke , Niu Yubin , Li Wenjun , Yi Fenglian , Liu Sangui , Li Yutao , Xu Maowen
Published: October 2015

A novel Na0.56Ti1.72Fe0.28O4 material is explored as an anode in Na-ion batteries for the first time.
Amphiphilic selectivity of guanidinium-based ionic liquid stationary phase for structural and positional isomers
Authors: Wang Yingzhen , Qi Meiling , Fu Ruonong
Published: October 2015

The investigated GBIL stationary phase exhibits high selectivity for a wide ranging polarity of analytes and shows advantages over the conventional polar stationary phase.
Temperature dependence of the electromagnetic and microwave absorption properties of polyimide/Ti3SiC2 composites in the X band
Authors: Wang Hongyu , Zhu Dongmei , Zhou Wancheng , Luo Fa
Published: October 2015

The maximum reflection loss value of polyimide/Ti3SiC2 composites is up to −48.6 dB at 8.5 GHz with a thickness of 2.9 mm and the absorption bandwidth below −10 dB is 3.8 GHz.
A Pd-catalyzed direct entry to 11-substituted 6H-isoindolo[2,1-a]indol-6-one derivatives as potential anticancer agents
Authors: Nallapati Suresh Babu , Adepu Raju , Ashfaq Mohd Ashraf , Sreenivas B. Yogi , Mukkanti K. , Pal Manojit
Published: October 2015

11-Substituted 6H-isoindolo[2,1-a]indol-6-ones are preparedviaa sequential intramolecular Heck reaction of dihaloN-allyl substitutedN-arylbenzamide derivatives.
Biostimulation of biogas producing microcosm for enhancing oil recovery in low-permeability oil reservoir
Authors: Dong H. , Zhang Z. Z. , He Y. L. , Luo Y. J. , Xia W. J. , Sun S. S. , Zhang G. Q. , Zhang Z. Y. , Gao D. L.
Published: October 2015

Indigenous microbial enhanced oil recovery (IMEOR) has been successfully applied in conventional oil reservoirs, however the mechanism in low-permeability oil reservoirs is still misunderstood.
Gel thermoresponsiveness driven by switching of the charge-transfer interaction
Authors: Gharib Desi H. , Amemori Shogo , Naya Masami , Kokado Kenta , Sada Kazuki
Published: October 2015

A novel gel LCST system was constructed by utilizing the CT interaction between the gel and external effector, thus shrinking upon heating with hypochromic colour change.
Liquid crystalline dihydroazulene photoswitches
Authors: Petersen Anne Ugleholdt , Jevric Martyn , Mandle Richard J. , Davis Edward J. , Cowling Stephen J. , Goodby John W. , Nielsen Mogens Brøndsted
Published: October 2015

This work presents the first study on how to employ the dihydroazulene (DHA)/vinylheptafulvene (VHF) photo/thermoswitch in photoactive liquid crystalline materials.
Autocatalytic synthesis of molecular-bridged silica aerogels with excellent absorption and super elasticity
Authors: Wei Yong , Wang Jin , Zhang Yulu , Wang Lin , Zhang Xuetong
Published: October 2015

A catalyst-free approach to synthesize molecular-bridged silica aerogels with excellent absorption performance and super elasticity was proposed.
Facile fabrication of multilayer films of graphene oxide/copper phthalocyanine with high dielectric properties
Authors: Wang Zicheng , Wei Renbo , Liu Xiaobo
Published: October 2015

Novel multilayer films of graphene oxide/copper phthalocyanine (GO/CuPc) were fabricated by self-assembling in the orientational ordered liquid crystalline state and immobilizing of the ordered structure upon casting and drying.
Templated-preparation of a three-dimensional molybdenum phosphide sponge as a high performance electrode for hydrogen evolution
Authors: Deng Chen , Ding Fei , Li Xinyuan , Guo Yaofang , Ni Wei , Yan Huan , Sun Kening , Yan Yi-Ming
Published: October 2015

A sponge-shaped three-dimensional MoP (3D MoP) electrocatalyst is prepared and used as a binder-free electrode for the HER, exhibiting promising catalytic activity.
An integrated cobalt disulfide (CoS2) co-catalyst passivation layer on silicon microwires for photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution
Authors: Chen Chih-Jung , Chen Po-Tzu , Basu Mrinmoyee , Yang Kai-Chih , Lu Ying-Rui , Dong Chung-Li , Ma Chong-Geng , Shen Chin-Chang , Hu Shu-Fen , Liu Ru-Shi
Published: October 2015

Cobalt disulfide layer modified-Si microwires were used as photocathode materials for solar hydrogen evolution, showing a stable photocurrent of −3 mA cm−2 at 0 V for 9 h.
Triptycene based 1,2,3-triazole linked network polymers (TNPs): small gas storage and selective CO2 capture
Authors: Mondal Snehasish , Das Neeladri
Published: October 2015

Triptycene based and 1,2,3-triazole linked microporous polymers (SABET up to 1348 m2 g−1) have been synthesized. High CO2 uptake (up to 4.45 mmol g−1) and CO2/N2 selectivity (up to 48 at 273 K) were observed.
Dynamically tunable polymer microwells for directing mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into osteogenesis
Authors: Gong Tao , Lu Liuxuan , Liu Dian , Liu Xian , Zhao Kun , Chen Yuping , Zhou Shaobing
Published: October 2015

Dynamically tunable geometric microwells have great capacity to regulate the cytoskeletal structure and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells along adipogenesis and osteogenesis pathways.
Design of rewritable and read-only non-volatile optical memory elements using photochromic spiropyran-based salts as light-sensitive materials
Authors: Frolova L. A. , Rezvanova A. A. , Lukyanov B. S. , Sanina N. A. , Troshin P. A. , Aldoshin S. M.
Published: October 2015

Optical memory devices based on photoswitchable OFETs comprising light sensitive layers of photochromic spiropyran salts revealed advanced electrical characteristics and superior stability.
Morphological effects on the thermoelectric properties of Ti0.3Zr0.35Hf0.35Ni1+δSn alloys following phase separation
Authors: Appel Oshrat , Zilber Tsvika , Kalabukhov Sergey , Beeri Ofer , Gelbstein Yaniv
Published: October 2015

Thermoelectrics are known as one of the emerging renewable power generation technologies.
The effect of “Jelly” CdTe QD uptake on RAW264.7 monocytes: immune responses and cell fate study
Authors: Gladkovskaya O. , Loudon A. , Nosov M. , Gun'ko Y. K. , O'Connor G. M. , Rochev Y.
Published: October 2015

Encapsulation of Quantum Dots (QDs) has become an essential factor which regulates particles cytotoxicity, as well as physical and chemical stability. Negatively charged cellular membranes have a great affinity to nanoparticles with surface molecules carrying positive charge, hence creating perfect conditions for fast and aggressive intracellular penetration. The preference for non-charged outer shells is topical in QD design and various applications. In the current paper we develop gelatination as a prominent coating approach to create neutrally passivated QDs with improved biocompatibility. We have revealed the trends in particle's uptake, accumulation, intracellular localisation and retaining time as well as RAW264.7 monocyte cell fate and immune responses. Also the difference in particle endocytosis kinetics and dynamics has been shown to depend on the QD core size. The intracellular QD content along with cell responses at the population level was quantified by flow cytometry.
Indoor positioning and life detection by using asynchronous multiple frequency shift keying radar
Authors: Liu Z. , Kim Y. , Bien F.
Published: October 2015

Indoor positioning and life detection using radio frequency has been widely researched; however, to achieve both indoor positioning and life detection has been a very challenging task until now. By careful design of the waveform and a novel detection algorithm, asynchronous multiple frequency shift keying (A‐MFSK) is proposed to solve this task for the first time, which can operate between an MFSK mode and a single tone continuous wave mode, providing a possibility of A‐MFSK for this task. Detailed explanation about the detection algorithm is given. Simulations and measurements results of both modes demonstrate that A‐MFSK has the capability of indoor positioning and life detection.
Transconductance improvement technique for bulk‐driven OTA in nanometre CMOS process
Authors: Zhao Xiao , Fang Huajun , Ling Tong , Xu Jun
Published: October 2015

A transconductance improvement technique for a bulk‐driven operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) working in the weak inversion region is presented. Using the quasi‐floating gate method, the proposed technique achieves larger transconductance improvement than conventional approaches with the CMOS technologies scaling. Moreover, its enhanced performance is at no expense of the power budget. Simulated on UMC 180 nm technology, the results demonstrate that the proposed bulk‐driven OTA achieves more than two times gain–bandwidth improvement than that of the traditional counterpart with the same power.
Stability limitations from optical detection in Ramsey‐type vapour‐cell atomic clocks
Authors: Kang Songbai , Gharavipour Mohammadreza , Affolderbach Christoph , Mileti Gaetano
Published: October 2015

In today's state of the art compact vapour‐cell atomic clocks relying on the pulsed Ramsey‐type interrogation, optical detection noise is a major limitation to the achievable short‐term stability. In this communication, the influence of the optical detection time on the clock's short‐term stability is investigated and a new analytical expression is developed to precisely predict the stability performance, taking into account the details of the optical detection phase of a Ramsey‐type atomic clock. The theory is in good agreement with the experimental results. It is applied for evaluating the clock's shot‐noise limit.
Frequency tunable antenna using coupling patterns for mobile terminals
Authors: Lee Won‐Woo , Cho Yong‐Sang
Published: October 2015

A frequency‐reconfigurable antenna based on aperture tuning using a coupled aperture structure on which a digital variable capacitor (DVC) is connected is presented. The coupled aperture structure is used to avoid electrical contact between the antenna radiator and the DVC in order to reduce antenna efficiency degradation due to ohmic losses at the DVC. The operating frequency is 700 MHz where the antenna efficiency is sensitive to the ohmic loss in the DVC. Analysis based on measurements and simulation confirm the benefits of using the coupled aperture structure over the conventional aperture tuning. It is shown that the coupled aperture plays a key role in reducing the impact of the equivalent series resistance of the DVC component on the antenna efficiency at 700 MHz.
Ohmic contacts to n‐type GaN layer using ECR‐sputtered AlN interfacial layer
Authors: Terano A. , Takei A. , Tanaka S. , Tsuchiya T.
Published: October 2015

Ohmic contacts to an n‐type GaN layer using an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR)‐sputtered AlN (thickness of 3 nm)/Ti/Pt/Au electrode without an Al metal layer were investigated. Ohmic characteristics were achieved when annealed at a temperature of 400°C or more. Contact resistance reached a minimum (7.67 × 10−1 Ω‐mm) at an annealing temperature of 500°C.
Non‐negative matrix factorisation‐based subband decomposition for acoustic source localisation
Authors: Shon S. , Mun S. , Han D. , Ko H.
Published: October 2015

A novel non‐negative matrix factorisation (NMF)‐based subband decomposition in frequency–spatial domain for acoustic source localisation using a microphone array is introduced. The proposed method decomposes source and noise subband and emphasises source dominant frequency bins for more accurate source representation. By employing NMF, delay basis vectors and their subband information in frequency–spatial domain for each frame is extracted. The proposed algorithm is evaluated in both simulated noise and real noise with a speech corpus database. Experimental results clearly indicate that the algorithm performs more accurately than other conventional algorithms under both reverberant and noisy acoustic environments.
Estimation of the largest eigenvalue in Chebyshev preconditioner for parallel conjugate gradient method‐based power flow computation
Authors: Li Xue , Li Fangxing
Published: October 2015

An efficient power flow solution is highly important for power system analyses. Traditionally, LU decomposition‐based direct method is dominant in solving linear systems in the power flow analysis. However, with the increasing scale and complexity, direct methods may suffer scalability issues, especially under parallel implementation. Therefore, iterative methods such as Conjugate Gradient (CG) are gaining more attention for their scalability and feasibility for parallelisation. To efficiently apply an iterative solver like CG, a preconditioner is usually required. A polynomial‐based Chebyshev preconditioner is discussed in this work. An essential parameter in Chebyshev preconditioning is the maximum eigenvalue of the linear system. However, direct calculation of the eigenvalues is too time‐consuming to be practical. Therefore, this work proposes a method to estimate the largest eigenvalue to save the time spent on eigenvalue calculation. Thus, Chebyshev preconditioning will be practical to use in power system analyses. This work first proves that the eigenvalues of power system applications range within (0, 2] after a normalisation step, then demonstrates the eigenvalue estimation accuracy, and finally presents the performance improvement. The test shows an average 98.92% runtime saving for the Chebyshev preconditioner, and a 40.99% runtime saving for precondition and iterative solving process.
Three‐phase resistive capacitor switching transient limiter for mitigating power capacitor switching transients
Authors: Ghanbari Teymoor , Farjah Ebrahim , Naseri Farshid
Published: October 2015

This study presents a new resistive capacitor switching transient limiter (RCSTL) for mitigating power capacitor switching transients. The RCSTL is composed of three limiting resistors, a three‐phase full bridge diode rectifier, a thyristor and a three‐phase coupling transformer. The limiting resistors are connected in series with the capacitor bank and the thyristor is installed at the DC side of the diode rectifier. During the capacitor bank energising, the thyristor remains off and hence, the secondary side of the coupling transformer acts as open circuit. Consequently, high impedance including the transformer's magnetic reactance in parallel with the limiting resistors is inserted in series with the capacitor bank. Under such circumstance, the limiting resistors restrain the capacitor switching transients. In the steady‐state, the control system triggers the thyristor and the coupling transformer acts as short circuit. As a result, the limiting resistors are bypassed by the coupling transformer and thus, the RCSTL has no significant effect on the circuit. Analytical analysis is performed to describe different operation modes of the proposed RCSTL. A single stage of a three‐phase wye‐connected capacitor bank with 25 kVAR is energised and the performance of the proposed limiter is investigated. Both the simulation and experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the RCSTL.
From proclamation to conversation: ethnographic disruptions to theological normativity
Authors: Wigg-Stevenson Natalie
Published: October 2015

In recent years, theologians have increasingly used ethnographic research methods to strengthen the connections between their theological constructions and the social practices they seek to impact. The migration of these methods into the theological context has raised important questions about theological normativity. This essay draws on the author’s fieldwork in a Southern Baptist congregation in Nashville Tennessee to argue that the ethnographic intervention into traditional methods for producing theological knowledge shifts the mode of speech in which normative theological claims can be made from that of proclamation to an anti-hierarchical practice of conversation. The author proposes that ethnographic theologians can use the ethnographic research question to shape the normative weight of sources in the field and what types of normative claims can be made out of that fieldwork in the theological text. She argues that while such a shift in the understanding of theological normativity and, by extension, of theology itself has the potential to threaten methods seeking to preserve the authority of Christian speech in an increasingly post-Christendom context, that this more humble, collaborative approach is better suited to the interfaith, intercultural contexts of contemporary life, all of which face the reality of the contingency of all truth claims, including religious truth claims. This article is published as part of a thematic collection on radical theologies.
Radical theologies
Authors: Grimshaw Mike
Published: October 2015

Radical theology as a field encompasses the intersections of constructive theology, secular theology, death-of-God theologies, political theologies, continental thought and contemporary culture. It expresses an inter-disciplinary engagement and approach dedicated to redefining the very terms of theology as a concept and practice. This article provides an introductory overview to a multi- and inter-disciplinary thematic collection dedicated to thinking in this area.
Reference Correlation for the Viscosity of Ethane
Authors: Vogel Eckhard , Span Roland , Herrmann Sebastian
Published: October 2015

A new representation of the viscosity for the fluid phase of ethane includes a zero-density correlation and a contribution for the critical enhancement, initially both developed separately, but based on experimental data. The higher-density contributions are correlated as a function of the reduced density δ = ρ/ρc and of the reciprocal reduced temperature τ = Tc/T (ρc—critical density and Tc—critical temperature). The final formulation contains 14 coefficients obtained using a state-of-the-art linear optimization algorithm. The evaluation and choice of the selected primary data sets is reviewed, in particular with respect to the assessment used in earlier viscosity correlations. The new viscosity surface correlation makes use of the reference equation of state for the thermodynamic properties of ethane by Bücker and Wagner [J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 35, 205 (2006)] and is valid in the fluid region from the melting line to temperatures of 675 K and pressures of 100 MPa. The viscosity in the limit of zero density is described with an expanded uncertainty of 0.5% (coverage factor k = 2) for temperatures 290 < T/K < 625, increasing to 1.0% at temperatures down to 212 K. The uncertainty of the correlated values is 1.5% in the range 290 < T/K < 430 at pressures up to 30 MPa on the basis of recent measurements judged to be very reliable as well as 4.0% and 6.0% in further regions. The uncertainty in the near-critical region (1.001 < 1/τ < 1.010 and 0.8 < δ < 1.2) increases with decreasing temperature up to 3.0% considering the available reliable data. Tables of the viscosity calculated from the correlation are listed in an appendix for the single-phase region, for the vapor–liquid phase boundary, and for the near-critical region.
Contribution of stocked fish to riverine populations of golden perch (Macquaria ambigua) in the Murray–Darling Basin, Australia
Authors: Crook David A. , O'Mahony Damien J. , Gillanders Bronwyn M. , Munro Andrew R. , Sanger Andrew C. , Thurstan Stephen , Baumgartner Lee J.
Published: October 2015

Stocking of native fishes is conducted to augment riverine fisheries in many parts of the world, yet most stocking activities are conducted without empirical information on their effectiveness or impacts. In the Murray–Darling Basin (MDB), Australia, stocking has been underway for several decades to maintain recreational fisheries. We stocked chemically tagged golden perch (Macquaria ambigua) fingerlings in three rivers to determine the proportions of stocked fish within populations of the species. Stocked sites were monitored for up to 5 years in the Murrumbidgee River, Edward River and Billabong Creek and non-stocked sites were monitored in the Murray River. Catch per unit effort of stocked year classes increased substantially in Billabong Creek, with stocked fish contributing 100 (2005), 79 (2006) and 92% (2007). Chemically tagged fish comprised 18–38% of the respective age classes in the Murrumbidgee and Edward rivers and there was little evidence of natural recruitment in the non-stocked Murray River. Tagged fish generally attained the legal minimum size within 4 years and had dispersed up to 60km from the original release location. Our results demonstrate that artificial stocking has the potential to strongly influence the abundance and population structure of golden perch in rivers of the MDB.
Eighty-metre resolution 3D soil-attribute maps for Tasmania, Australia
Authors: Kidd Darren , Webb Mathew , Malone Brendan , Minasny Budiman , McBratney Alex
Published: October 2015

Until recently, Tasmanian environmental modelling and assessments requiring important soil inputs relied on conventionally derived soil polygons that were mapped up to 75 years ago. In the ‘Wealth from Water’ project, digital soil mapping (DSM) was used in a pilot project to map the suitability of 20 different agricultural enterprises over 70 000 ha. Following on from this, the Tasmanian Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment has applied DSM to existing soil datasets to develop enterprise suitability predictions across the whole state in response to further expansion of irrigation schemes. The soil surfaces generated have conformed and contributed to the Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network Soil and Landscape Grid of Australia, a superset of GlobalSoilMap.net specifications. The surfaces were generated at 80-m resolution for six standard depths and 13 soil properties (e.g. pH, EC, organic carbon, sand and silt percentages and coarse fragments), in addition to several Tasmanian enterprise-suitability soil-attribute parameters. The modelling used soil site data with available explanatory state-wide spatial variables, including the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission digital elevation model and derivatives, gamma-radiometrics, surface geology, and multi-spectral satellite imagery. The DSM has delivered realistic mapping for most attributes, with acceptable validation diagnostics and relatively low uncertainty ranges in data-rich areas, but performed marginally in terms of uncertainty ranges in areas such as the World Heritage-listed Southwest of the state, with a low existing soil site density. Version 1.0 soil-attribute maps form the foundations of a dynamic and evolving new infrastructure that will be improved and re-run with the future collection of new soil data. The Tasmanian mapping has provided a localised integration with the National Soil and Landscape Grid of Australia, and it will guide future investment in soil information capture by quantitatively targeting areas with both high uncertainties and important ecological or agricultural value.
Developing the Australian mid-infrared spectroscopic database using data from the Australian Soil Resource Information System
Authors: Hicks W. , Viscarra Rossel R. A. , Tuomi S.
Published: October 2015

We developed and tested spectroscopic models derived by partial least squares regression (PLSR) using data from the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation’s (CSIRO) national soil database (NatSoil) and soil samples from the Australian National Soil Archive. Models were constructed for 21 soil attributes, and their predictability assessed using the R2, ranged from 0.57 for bicarbonate extractable available phosphorus to 0.92 for the sum of the exchangeable bases. Investigating the spectral library coverage with a suite of 1484 unknown samples from a geochemical survey of Australian catchments, we found that the models could be used to predict many soil attributes in a geographically diverse set of samples.
Spatial patterns of wildfire ignitions in south-eastern Australia
Authors: Collins Kathryn M. , Price Owen F. , Penman Trent D.
Published: October 2015

Wildfires can have devastating effects on life, property and the environment. Official inquiries following major damaging fires often recommend management actions to reduce the risk of future losses from wildfires. Understanding where wildfires are most likely to occur in the landscape is essential to determining where wildfires pose the greatest risk to people and property. We investigated the spatial patterns of wildfire ignitions at a bioregional scale in New South Wales and Victoria using generalised linear models. We used a combination of social and biophysical variables and examined whether different categories of ignitions respond to different explanatory variables. Human-caused ignitions are the dominant source of ignitions for wildfires in south-eastern Australia and our results showed that for such ignitions, population density was the most important variable for the spatial pattern of ignitions. In future years, more ignitions are predicted in the coastal and hinterland areas due to population increases and climate change effects.
Genome sequencing of adzuki bean (
Vigna angularis
) provides insight into high starch and low fat accumulation and domestication
Authors: Yang Kai , Tian Zhixi , Chen Chunhai , Luo Longhai , Zhao Bo , Wang Zhuo , Yu Lili , Li Yisong , Sun Yudong , Li Weiyu , Chen Yan , Li Yongqiang , Zhang Yueyang , Ai Danjiao , Zhao Jinyang , Shang Cheng , Ma Yong , Wu Bin , Wang Mingli , Gao Li , Sun Dongjing , Zhang Peng , Guo Fangfang , Wang Weiwei , Li Yuan , Wang Jinlong , Varshney Rajeev K. , Wang Jun , Ling Hong-Qing , Wan Ping
Published: October 2015

Significance

Adzuki bean (
Vigna angularis
) is distinct in its high starch and low fat accumulation. However, the underlying genetic basis is still not well understood. In this study, we generated a high-quality draft genome sequence of adzuki bean by using whole-genome shotgun sequencing strategy. By comparative genomic and transcriptome analyses, we demonstrated that the significant difference in starch and fat content between adzuki bean and soybean were caused by transcriptional abundance rather than copy number variations in the genes related to starch and oil synthesis. Furthermore, through resequencing of 49 population accessions, we identified strong selection during domestication and suggested that the semiwild adzuki bean was a preliminary landrace. Generally, our results provide insight into evolution and metabolism of legumes.
IκBζ is a key driver in the development of psoriasis
Authors: Johansen Claus , Mose Maike , Ommen Pernille , Bertelsen Trine , Vinter Hanne , Hailfinger Stephan , Lorscheid Sebastian , Schulze-Osthoff Klaus , Iversen Lars
Published: October 2015

Significance

Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease affecting 2–3% of the population. IL-17A plays a key role in psoriasis pathogenesis, and antibodies targeting IL-17A have recently been approved for psoriasis treatment. Here we demonstrate that IκBζ is a key protein for IL-17A–driven effects in psoriasis. IκBζ was demonstrated essential for both TNFα/IL-17A– and IL-17A–induced expression of a panel of psoriasis-associated proteins. Moreover, IκBζ expression was increased in psoriatic skin, and in two different psoriasis mouse models we showed that psoriasis development was completely absent in IκBζ-deficient mice, but inducible in IL-17A– and TNFα-deficient mice. Finally, local abrogation of IκBζ function in mouse skin abolished psoriasis development. These findings uncover a novel crucial regulatory mechanism involved in psoriasis development.
Training conquers multitasking costs by dividing task representations in the frontoparietal-subcortical system
Authors: Garner K. G. , Dux Paul E.
Published: October 2015

Significance

The problem of how the brain undertakes multiple tasks concurrently is one of the oldest in psychology and neuroscience. Although successful negotiation of the rich sensory world clearly requires the ongoing management of multiple tasks, humans show substantial multitasking impairments in the laboratory and everyday life. Fortunately, training facilitates multitasking. However, until now, the neural mechanisms driving this functional adaptation were not understood. Here, in a large-scale human brain imaging study, we apply an individual differences approach and pattern analysis of brain imaging data to reveal that training segregates individual task representations in the capacity limited processor that constitutes the frontoparietal–subcortical (FP-SC) network. Therefore, the brain separates the neural representations of constituent tasks to conquer multitasking.
Inhibition of ErbB3 by a monoclonal antibody that locks the extracellular domain in an inactive configuration
Authors: Lee Sangwon , Greenlee Etienne B. , Amick Joseph R. , Ligon Gwenda F. , Lillquist Jay S. , Natoli Edward J. , Hadari Yaron , Alvarado Diego , Schlessinger Joseph
Published: October 2015

Significance

Many cancers are driven by aberrant activation of members of the EGF receptor (EGFR) family including ErbB2 (HER2) and ErbB3 (HER3). EGFR and ErbB3 exist in equilibrium between a tethered, inactive conformation and an extended, active state poised toward formation of homo- or heterodimers with other members of the EGFR family, normally in a ligand-dependent manner. In cancers, these receptors are activated by aberrant ligand stimulation or via a ligand-independent mechanism. Here we describe the crystal structure of the extracellular domain of ErbB3 in complex with a therapeutic antibody, revealing a unique allosteric mechanism for inhibition of cancer cells by locking ErbB3 in the autoinhibited configuration. This mechanism offers new therapeutic opportunities for treating cancers driven by aberrant EGFR, ErbB2, or ErbB3 activation.
Cultural Flow
Authors: Mifdal Mohamed
Published: October 2015

Starting with a re-examination of satire in terms of its relation to power and
culture, this chapter then examines the impact of the Arab Spring on the workings
of satire in rap music videos in Morocco and Tunisia. The study of a large
number of rap videos produced during and after the 2011 uprising has shown
that substantial change in the rap text and its visual support has occurred, making
satire more transgressive, more topical, and more critical of the political and
social order. These forms of intermedial satire has been energized and shifted to
a position of dominance, giving voice to the hopes of all the community – and
to its fears as well, casting, at times, a shadow over the accomplished change.
Contesting Political Boundaries in Contemporary Moroccan Satire
Authors: el Khairat Abdelghani
Published: October 2015

The remarkable political change that Morocco has witnessed since the death
of King Hassan II in 1999 and the succession of his son, Mohammed VI, has
contributed to the development of Moroccan satire, due to the margin of
freedom granted by the new regime. As a result of this political opening, satire
considerably gains visibility as a recent phenomenon in the socio-political scene
of Morocco, moving from the shadow of privacy and the clandestine to the
spotlight of quasi-permissiveness where satirists tackle issues that had been,
not long ago, censored or strictly prohibited. In this chapter, I will demonstrate
how the contemporary Moroccan satirical press contributes to shifting political
boundaries and initiating debate on highly sensitive political matters, and thus
serves to redefine the limits of the permissible in the Moroccan press.
Looking backward. The rhetoric of the back in visual satire
Authors: Grijzenhout Frans
Published: October 2015

Satire can be confronting. It questions all kinds of issues of politics, society and
morality, often from a marginal position. By confronting one issue, the satirist
turns his back on others, leaving the reader or spectator behind. This paper
investigates some of the spatial strategies in visual satire from the early and later
modern period, for instance in the work of Giandomenico Tiepolo and James
Gillray, taking a special interest in the rhetoric of the back and the satirical gaze.
It argues that the representation of the backs of onlookers to a scene helps to
direct the satirical gaze.
Hydropathe Caricature
Authors: Trott Alex
Published: October 2015

As a young ‘bohemian’ collective, the Cercle des Hydropathes was characterised
by frivolous humour indicative of the liberal social changes in France’s
early Third Republic. This chapter considers how the Cercle des Hydropathes’
republican community was personified in humorous portraits on the cover of
its journal L’Hydropathe. It argues that in satirising the club’s collective image,
Georges Lorin’s caricatures coherently portrayed the artists through an image
that promoted Republican liberty as a stable ideal. Instead of rallying support
for liberal social progression, their club created an environment allowing
Parisian intellectuals to engage with the way of life that Republican liberties
made possible.
Actions and accidents
Authors: Horst David
Published: October 2015

In acting intentionally, it is no accident that one is doing what one intends to do. In this paper, I ask how to account for this non-accidentality requirement on intentional action. I argue that, for systematic reasons, the currently prevailing view of intentional action – the Causal Theory of Action – is ill-equipped to account for it. I end by proposing an alternative account, according to which an intention is a special kind of cause, one to which it is essential that it represents its effect.
Unique and redundant functions of NKp46+ ILC3s in models of intestinal inflammation
Authors: Song Christina , Lee Jacob S. , Gilfillan Susan , Robinette Michelle L. , Newberry Rodney D. , Stappenbeck Thaddeus S. , Mack Matthias , Cella Marina , Colonna Marco
Published: October 2015

Group 3 ILCs (ILC3s) are innate sources of IL-22 and IL-17 and include lymphoid tissue-inducer (LTi)-like and NKp46+ subsets. Both depend on RORγt and aryl hydrocarbon receptor, but NKp46+ILC3s also require Notch and T-bet for their development and are transcriptionally distinct. The extent to which these subsets have unique functions, especially in the context of T cell– and B cell–sufficient mice, remains largely unclear. To investigate the specific function of NKp46+ILC3s among other ILC3 subsets and T cells, we generated mice selectively lacking NKp46+ILC3s or all ILC3s and crossed them to T cell–deficient mice, thus maintaining B cells in all mice. In mice lacking T cells, NKp46+ILC3s were sufficient to promote inflammatory monocyte accumulation in the anti-CD40 innate colitis model through marked production of GM-CSF. In T cell–competent mice, lack of NKp46+ILCs had no impact on control of intestinal C. rodentium infection, whereas lack of all ILC3s partially impaired bacterial control. Thus, NKp46+ILC3s have a unique capacity to promote inflammation through GM-CSF–induced accumulation of inflammatory monocytes, but are superseded by LTi-like ILC3s and T cells in controlling intestinal bacterial infection.
Transformative tools for tackling tuberculosis
Authors: Gardiner Jennifer L. , Karp Christopher L.
Published: October 2015

The world is in need of more effective approaches to controlling tuberculosis. The development of improved control strategies has been hampered by deficiencies in the tools available for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis and defining the dynamic consequences of the interaction of M. tuberculosis with its human host. Key needs include a highly sensitive, specific nonsputum diagnostic; biomarkers predictive of responses to therapy; correlates of risk for disease development; and host response–independent markers of M. tuberculosis infection. Tools able to sensitively detect and quantify total body M. tuberculosis burden might well be transformative across many needed use cases. Here, we review the current state of the field, paying particular attention to needed changes in experimental paradigms that would facilitate the discovery, validation, and development of such tools.
Elizabeth I’s Virginity and the Body of Evidence: Jonson’s Notorious Crux
Authors: Peterson Kaara L.
Published: October 2015

In a famous, frequently quoted statement, Ben Jonson claims that Queen Elizabeth I “had a membrana on her which made her uncapable of man.” This essay reinvestigates the basis for Jonson’s 400-year-old crux and, more broadly, argues for the relevance of an unexplored area of critical studies on Elizabeth: what early modern medicine and culture thought about lifelong virginity and its distinctive perils for the queen’s aging body natural. Finally, looking at the inner-circle gossip about Tudor and Stuart queens’ health and various records documenting Elizabeth’s identified illnesses, includinghysterica passio, the essay uncovers how virgins’ diseases were thought to afflict Elizabeth over her reign and possibly contribute to her death.
An In Vivo Bioassay for Estimating Fungicide Residues on Peach Fruit
Authors: Lalancette N. , Gager J. , McFarland K. A.
Published: October 2015

Recent fungicide efficacy studies indicated that brown rot fruit rot at harvest, caused by Monilinia fructicola, was being controlled by residual activity from protectant fungicides applied during the time between bloom and the preharvest fruit ripening period. To determine the extent of this residue, a simple in vivo bioassay was developed by assaying M. fructicola spore germination directly on sampled fruit. A 1.5-cm section of clear flexible tubing was placed upright on harvested fruit to create a small incubation well. After the tubing–fruit interface was sealed using silicon grease, a suspension of M. fructicola conidia was pipetted into the well. The spores were suspended in a buffer-substrate medium consisting of 0.025 M potassium phosphate, 0.1% sucrose, and 0.1% yeast extract. A rubber stopper with an aeration hole was inserted into the well’s top and the fruit was placed in an incubator at 25°C. Results of a time-course study indicated that the optimal conidial incubation time was 6 h. Bioassay sensitivity was evaluated by examining test results from varying concentrations of captan fungicide. Results indicated that captan residue levels as low as one-thousandth the standard field rate could be detected using spore germination as the predictor. Fitting of the logistic decline model to the data created a standard curve to allow quantitative estimation of fungicide residue based on observed level of spore germination. A modified version of the bioassay, which can be used to detect carbohydrate or nutrient sources on the fruit surface, was also demonstrated.
Sex differences and serotonergic mechanisms in the behavioural effects of psilocin
Authors: Tylš Filip , Páleníček Tomáš , Kadeřábek Lukáš , Lipski Michaela , Kubešová Anna , Horáček Jiří
Published: October 2015

Psilocybin has recently attracted a great deal of attention as a clinical research and therapeutic tool. The aim of this paper is to bridge two major knowledge gaps regarding its behavioural pharmacology – sex differences and the underlying receptor mechanisms. We used psilocin (0.25, 1 and 4 mg/kg), an active metabolite of psilocybin, in two behavioural paradigms – the open-field test and prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle reaction. Sex differences were evaluated with respect to the phase of the female cycle. The contribution of serotonin receptors in the behavioural action was tested in male rats with selective serotonin receptor antagonists: 5-HT1A receptor antagonist (WAY100635 1 mg/kg), 5-HT2A receptor antagonist (MDL100907 0.5 mg/kg), 5-HT2B receptor antagonist (SB215505 1 mg/kg) and 5-HT2C receptor antagonist (SB242084 1 mg/kg). Psilocin induced dose-dependent inhibition of locomotion and suppression of normal behaviour in rats (behavioural serotonin syndrome, impaired PPI). The effects were more pronounced in male rats than in females. The inhibition of locomotion was normalized by 5-HT1A and 5-HT2B/C antagonists; however, PPI was not affected significantly by these antagonists. Our findings highlight an important issue of sex-specific reactions to psilocin and that apart from 5-HT2A-mediated effects 5-HT1A and 5-HT2C/B receptors also play an important role. These findings have implications for recent clinical trials.