bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk management of micro- and macrovascular complications of diabetes mellitus: the importance of glycemic self-control
Authors:   Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia, Polyakov Olga A. , Gusenbekova Dinara G. ,   Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia, Ostroumova Olga D. ,   Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia
Published: January 2022

As the incidence of obesity, unhealthy lifestyles and an aging population increases, the global prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is projected to rise sharply in the coming decades. A significant part of the burden of DM is associated with the development of micro- and macrovascular complications, which are the cause of a deterioration in the quality of life, disability and premature death of patients with DM. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in patients with DM, especially those with type 2 DM The risk of CVD in people with DM is 2–4 times higher than in people without DM, and this risk increases with the deterioration of glycemic control. Disorders of the glycemic profile such as hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia and high variability of glycemia negatively affect the prognosis of patients with DM. Self-monitoring of blood glucose is an effective tool for managing DM, which allows not only achieving the target level of glycated hemoglobin and minimizing glycemic variability, but predicting the risk of severe hypoglycemia.
Assessment of the state of health of teachers of secondary schools
Authors: Katamanova Elena V. , Tikhonova Inna V. , Kodinets Irina N. , Kovalchuk Natalya V. , Pavlenko Natalya A.
Published: January 2022

Introduction. Among the leading risk factors affecting the teaching contingent in their labour activity, psychoemotional stress, load on the vocal apparatus, hypodynamia, and prolonged forced posture are distinguished. As a result of hypodynamia - there is a violation of blood circulation, deterioration of the venous and lymphatic systems and further development of arterial hypertension (AH), overweight, varicose veins (VV), a decrease in the body’s immune forces, leading to frequent colds and chronic pathology of ENT organs. Therefore, the study of the health status of teachers, the prevention of diseases is an urgent task today. The purpose of the study is to assess the health status of teachers in general education schools based on many clinical and ultrasound examinations. Materials and methods. The object of the research was 78 teachers of secondary schools. All subjects were females, with an average age of 53.4 ± 8.3 years, an average work experience of 32.1 ± 9.1 years. Clinical and ultrasound examinations were carried out. Results. During clinical examination by narrow specialists, the detection of ENT organ pathology in the study group per 100 examined patients was 52 cases (66.6 ± 6.5%), 89 (114.1 ± 4.3%) cases - therapeutic pathology (among which arterial hypertension prevailed), 56 (71.8 ± 6.1%) cases of the endocrine system and 72 (92.3 ± 3.2%) cases of diseases of the nervous system. The frequency of pathological changes in the abdominal cavity and urinary system during screening ultrasound was 86% of cases, the thyroid gland - 70.0 ± 1.0% of cases. Conclusion. A clinical examination of the health status of teachers with more than ten years of experience has established one of the first places to be occupied by therapeutic pathology, in the form of CVS diseases, in the second place are diseases of the nervous system (vertebral pathology), the third-place belongs to diseases of the ENT organs and the endocrine system.
Comparative analysis of the main occupations working conditions in the copper production by pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical methods in Russia
Authors: Lipatov Georgiy Ya. , Shmakova Ekaterina E. , Adrianovskiy Vadim I. , Zlygosteva Natalia V. , Plotko Eduard G.
Published: January 2022

Introduction. The primary materials for copper production are sulfide copper-nickel and oxidized ores with a copper percentage of 1.5-4%, traditionally processed by the pyrometallurgical method. For processing depleted copper-containing raw materials (less than 1%), the pyrometallurgical approach is not commonly suitable. The introduced hydrometallurgical way differs by including in one production process, combined underground leaching of ore, extraction of copper from solution, and the following electrolysis. At the same time, insufficient attention is paid to the hydrometallurgical method of processing depleted copper raw materials from a hygienic standpoint in our country. Materials and methods. Based on the results of our research carried out at copper-smelting plants using pyro- and hydrometallurgical methods of processing raw materials, a comparative analysis was carried out for such indicators as the pollutants content in the workplaces’ air at different stages of production, predicted values of occupational cancer risks, toxicity indicators, and the health and essential physiological functions of workers. Results. Working under increased heat intensity in hot shops, exposure to sulfur-containing gases and industrial aerosols leads to significant changes in hemodynamics and thermoregulation stress in workers. In the hydrometallurgical production of copper, the only occupational hazard exceeding hygienic standards is sulfuric acid vapours, and changes in physiological parameters and thermoregulation are insignificant. The predicted values of occupational cancer risk for hydrometallurgical machines operators exceed the acceptable level after 9-10 years of working experience. For smelters, an unacceptable level of risk is achieved with up to 5 years of working experience. Conclusion. For the first time in the country, a hygienic assessment of the hydrometallurgical method of processing depleted copper raw materials was proved to be the only appropriate method of improving working conditions in copper production.
Healthy lifestyle commitment and the workаbility index of industrial employees in the Sverdlovsk Region
Authors: Mazhaeva Tatyana V. , Dubenko Svetlana E.
Published: January 2022

Introduction. The gain in the morbidity rate and medical costs associated with the work environment and lifestyle stimulates employers to search for effective preventive measures to preserve health and longevity of workers. The study aimed to assess commitment to a healthy lifestyle (HLS) and the work ability index of employees of an industrial enterprise and to determine directions for developing effective corporate health promotion programs. Material and methods. We conducted a questionnaire-based survey of 1188 employees of a large copper smelter to assess their workability and healthy lifestyle commitment. Results. Two-thirds of the employees rated their quality of life as good; the same proportion of workers was satisfied with the psychological climate and working conditions. More than half of employees were overweight and 64.3 % of them did not adhere to a diet in an attempt to lose weight; only 34.4 % of the workers reported having regular meals in the works canteen; 51.6 % did not engage in physical training and sports, and the share of smokers in the main production workshops was 49.1 %. The average workability at the enterprise was assessed as suitable. We established an inverse relationship between chronic diseases and the workability index. A positive rating of the quality of life and working conditions correlated with satisfaction with the working conditions, the profession chosen, the quality of personal protective equipment, and the psychological climate at work. Discussion. Having a disease significantly affects the workability index, while every tenth worker has a discrepancy between the general health status and job requirements. The employees appreciate their health but fail to change their health-related behaviour, putting other life values above health and undermining it. Conclusion. Creating comfortable working conditions and motivation for a healthy lifestyle should be differentiated and aimed primarily at workers having a high risk of developing a disease and low motivation and specific behavioural patterns, depending on the initial data obtained. It is necessary to use adapted questionnaires and modern preventive, diagnostic techniques.
Features and patterns of changes in neurochemical parameters at different stages of chronic mercury intoxication
Authors: Kudaeva Irina V. , Rukavishnikov Viktor S. , Lakhman Oleg L.
Published: January 2022

Introduction. At present, the features of the clinical picture and pathogenesis of the formation and progression of chronic intoxication under the influence of mercury remain insufficiently studied. Purpose. To study the features and patterns of changes in the neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factors concentration at different stages of chronic mercury intoxication (CMI). Materials and methods. A cohort examination of 69 workers (group 1) exposed to mercury, 18 individuals in the initial period of CMI (group 2), and 55 patients in the long-term period (group 3) were carried out. The content of neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factors was determined by enzyme immunoassay. The statistical processing included Wilcoxon, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. Results. Higher levels of histamine were found in group 2, low levels of metanephrine in group 1, and normetanephrine in group 3. An increase in the BDNF concentration was revealed in group 2 compared with groups 1 and 3. The content of neurotrophin-3 in group 3 was statistically significantly lower than in group 2. Conclusion. The general pattern for all stages is an increase in the norepinephrine and CNTF concentration. Mercury neurointoxication at all stages is characterized by high serotonin levels. A distinctive feature for trained workers is a compensatory increase in the normetanephrine level and a low BDNF and NT-3. For the initial period of CMI, an increase in the histamine, BDNF and NT-3 content is characteristic. The long-term period is characterized by an imbalance in the concentration of the studied neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factors.
The various dose-dependent effect of selenium oxide and copper oxide nanoparticles in vitro and application of the hormesis paradigm
Authors: Panov Vladimir G. , Minigalieva Ilzira A. , Bushueva Tatyana V. , Artemenko Elizaveta P. , Ryabova Iuliia V. , Sutunkova Marina P. , Gurvich Vladimir B. , Privalova Larisa I. , Katsnelson Boris A.
Published: January 2022

Introduction. In vitro studies on a culture of cardiomyocytes have shown that dose-response relationships could be monotonic for some effects and non-monotonic for others. In this work, we wanted to demonstrate that these features of the dose-response relationship are a general pattern. Materials and methods. In vitro experiments were conducted on the culture of human fibroblast-like cells FLECH-104. The cytotoxicity of spherical nanoparticles of selenium oxide (SeO-NP) and copper oxide (CuO-NP) was studied with an average diameter of 51 ± 14 nm and 21 ± 4 nm, respectively. Results. SeO-NP and CuO-NP were cytotoxic for human fibroblast-like cells, as judged by a decrease in ATP-dependent luminescence. In this case, the cytotoxicity of CuO-NP was somewhat more substantial than the SeO-NP one. Our experiment revealed doses that cause both cell hypertrophy and a decrease in the size of cells and nuclei. Discussion. We observed both monotonic and different variants of the non-monotonic dose-response relationship. For the latter, it was possible to construct adequate mathematical expressions based on the generalized hormesis paradigm that we had considered earlier concerning the CdS-NP and PbS-NP cytotoxicity for cardiomyocytes. Conclusion. The general rule is the variability of the dose-response dependence types manifested in different cytotoxic effects of nanoparticles.
Financing of the Program of state guarantees of free medical care: how to solve the deficit problem?
Authors: Grishin Vladimir V. , Ragozin Andrey V. , Itselev Aleksandr A. , Glazunova Svetlana A.
Published: January 2022

Introduction. The critical problem of Russian health care is the deficit of funding for the program of state-guaranteed medical care for citizens of Russia. Purpose of the study. To search for solutions to the problem of financing the deficit of the program of state guarantees of free medical care in the Russian Federation. Material and methods. Retrospective data analysis was carried out to analyse the reasons for the deficit in the financing of the program of state guarantees of free medical care and search for solutions in the experience of other countries. Results. The analysis showed that the reasons for the deficit of the program of state guarantees of free medical care are the shortcomings of the mandatory health insurance (MHI) income system: linking contributions for the working population to the wages fund; the vagueness of the definition of the non-working population and the payment of contributions for its MHI by the constituent entities of the Russian Federation; non-participation of the solvent population in the co-financing of medical care; deficit of economic integration between the payment of MHI treatment and the health care system; the absence of formalized mechanisms for reimbursing the expenses of the MHI system by the federal budget to pay for aid in catastrophic situations. Discussion. The authors see the solution to the problem of the deficit of the program of state guarantees of free medical care in the modernization of the MHI income system: replacement of the MHI contributions paid by employers with an additional “medical” part of the value-added tax; replacement of the MHI contributions paid by the constituent entities of the Russian Federation for the non-working population with a targeted “medical” tax on retail sales; creation of a system of additional income based on the principle “the guilty person pays for causing harm to health”; recognition of the cost of medical care to the population in catastrophic situations as an unconditional obligation of the federal budget. Conclusion. a systemic solution to the problem of the financing deficit of the program of state guarantees of free medical care for the citizens of Russia seems to be the modernization of the MHI income system.
THE USE OF CHILD'S AND WOMEN'S LABOR AS A SOURCE OF REPLENISHMENT OF LABOR IN THE MINING PLANTS OF THE URALS AT AN EARLY STAGE OF THE GENESIS OF CAPITALISM
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation (Ufa branch), Mudarisov Ramil , Farkhtdinov Rinat ,   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation (Ufa branch)
Published: January 2022

The article deals with the issue of the use of children and women there, their number in metallurgical plants, mines and gold mines of the Urals at an early stage of the emergence of capitalism. The methods of both economic and non-economic coercion of young children and women are investigated. The study examines working conditions, working hours, wages, food, housing conditions, and the state of medical care.
INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT AS A FORM OF SOCIAL AND LABOR RELATIONS
Authors:   Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Krivcov Artem
Published: January 2022

The article discusses the theoretical aspects of the definition of informal employment in the system of social and labor relations. The content analysis of the international state documents defining this concept is carried out. The author's definition of informal employment is given as a set of social and labor relations related to hiring and performing labor duties without a corresponding legally stipulated formalization of labor relations.It is concluded that the monitoring of informal employment and the analysis of its quantitative and qualitative indicators can be useful both for the development of non-shadow social and labor relations, the development of effective labor standards, and for the normalization and institutionalization of specific types of informal employment.
De eHealthMonitor: een bevraging naar het gebruik van eHealth bij zorgverleners en patiënten
Authors: Steenberghs E. , Georges A. , Schuurman D.
Published: January 2022

The eHealthMonitor: a survey on the use of eHealth in health care professionals and patients

The idea behind eHealth is to manage patient records more efficiently and to communicate more easily with other health care providers or patients. However, the implementation of eHealth has not always gone smoothly, leading to dissatisfaction of the health care providers, who should use the applications. Therefore, it is important to monitor the use, satisfaction and attitudes of health care providers towards eHealth applications and the digitisation of health care. To this end, the eHealthMonitor was established.

This article discusses the results of the first eHealthMonitor, which focused on 5 target groups of health care providers (general practitioners, specialists, pharmacists, nurses and caretakers) and patients. Each target group was invited to complete a specific online survey from October until December 2019. A total of 9.428 respondents were reached.
SOCIETAL AND EXISTENTIAL ISSUES OF AGEING IN CONTEMPORARY FRENCH SOCIETY
Authors: CARADEC VINCENT
Published: January 2022

This article aims to present an overview of the issues surrounding ageing in contemporary French society. Firstly, it sets out the issues that are at the heart of public policy and that constitute the major current orientations of old age policies. Secondly, it discusses other societal issues that are not considered by public policies. In the third part, it adopts a micro-sociological point of view to look at the existential issues of ageing for people who are getting on in years. Finally, the conclusion provides an opportunity to discuss a fourth issue, which concerns the structuring of research in the Human and Social Sciences on ageing.
Book Review. Cristina Gavriluță, Negativul cotidianului [The negative of the daily], Editura Universității „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, 2017, Iași, pp. 253, ISBN 978-606-714-371-3
Authors: NECULAU ARABELA
Published: January 2022

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A Comparative Effectiveness of Hierarchical and Non-hierarchical Regionalisation Algorithms in Regionalising the Homogeneous Rainfall Regions
Authors: Chuan Zun Liang , Wan Yusoff Wan Nur Syahidah , Senawi Azlyna , Mohd Akramin Mohd Romlay , Fam Soo-Fen , Shinyie Wendy Ling , Lit Ken Tan
Published: January 2022

Descriptive data mining has been widely applied in hydrology as the regionalisation algorithms to identify the statistically homogeneous rainfall regions. However, previous studies employed regionalisation algorithms, namely agglomerative hierarchical and non-hierarchical regionalisation algorithms requiring post-processing techniques to validate and interpret the analysis results. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of the automated agglomerative hierarchical and non-hierarchical regionalisation algorithms in identifying the homogeneous rainfall regions based on a new statistically significant difference regionalised feature set. To pursue this objective, this study collected 20 historical monthly rainfall time-series data from the rain gauge stations located in the Kuantan district. In practice, these 20 rain gauge stations can be categorised into two statistically homogeneous rainfall regions, namely distinct spatial and temporal variability in the rainfall amounts. The results of the analysis show that Forgy K-means non-hierarchical (FKNH), Hartigan- Wong K-means non-hierarchical (HKNH), and Lloyd K-means non-hierarchical (LKNH) regionalisation algorithms are superior to other automated agglomerative hierarchical and non-hierarchical regionalisation algorithms. Furthermore, FKNH, HKNH, and LKNH yielded the highest regionalisation accuracy compared to other automated agglomerative hierarchical and non-hierarchical regionalisation algorithms. Based on the regionalisation results yielded in this study, the reliability and accuracy that assessed the risk of extreme hydro-meteorological events for the Kuantan district can be improved. In particular, the regional quantile estimates can provide a more accurate estimation compared to at-site quantile estimates using an appropriate statistical distribution.
Battery Management System in Electric Vehicles
Authors: Ravi Rakshitha , SURENDRA USHA
Published: January 2022

Here this document provides the data about the batteries of electric vehicles. It consists of numerous data about various energy
storage methods in EVs and how it is different from energy storage of IC-engine vehicles. How electric vehicles will take over
ICEngine vehicles due to advancement in battery technology and the shrink in its prices. Various types of batteries are listed in the
document with their specifications. Possible future battery technology which will have more or same energy density than current
gasoline fuels and also with the significant reduction in battery weights; which will make EVs cheaper than current condition.
Some examples are listed showing current battery capacities of various EVs models. Some battery parameters are shown in the
document with introduction to BMS (Battery Management System). Then a brief introduction about the charging of these EV
batteries and its types displaying variations in charging time in different types of EVs according to their charger type and
manufacturers. How DC charging is more time saving method than AC and how smart charging will help to grid in case of peak
or grid failure conditions.
Aerodynamic characteristics of owl like airfoil at low reynolds number.
Authors: Fayaz Ishfaq , Fathima Syeeda Needa , Dwivedi Y.D.
Published: January 2022

The computational investigation of aerodynamic characteristics and flow fields of a smooth owl-like airfoil without serrations and velvet structures.The bioinspired airfoil design is planned to serve as the main-wing for low-reynolds number aircrafts such as (MAV)micro air vechiles.The dependency of reynolds number on aerodynamics could be obtained at low reynolds numbers.The result of this experiment shows the owl-like airfoil is having high lift performance at very low speeds and in various wind conditions.One of the unique feature of owl airfoil is a separation bubble on the pressure side at low angle of attack.The separation bubble changes location from the pressure side to suction side as the AOA (angle of attack) increases. The reynolds number dependancy on the lift curve is insignificant,although there’s difference in drag curve at high angle of attacks.Eventually, we get the geometric features of the owl like airfoil to increase aerodynamic performance at low reynolds numbers.
Sprays Ineffective for Preventing Sapsucker Damage on Sugar Maple ( Acer saccharum )
Authors: Smiley E. Thomas , Booth Donald , Wilkinson Liza
Published: January 2022

The yellow-bellied sapsucker (Sphyrapicus varius) is the primary cause of sapsucker damage on trees in the eastern United States. Twenty sugar maple (Acer saccharum) trunks were treated with repellent sprays and compared with untreated controls. Sprays applied were bitrex, methyl anthraniltate, and thiram. Sapsucker feeding damage was quantified weekly. None of the sprays were effective in reducing trunk attack by sapsucker.
Temporal and Spatial Glucose and Starch Partitioning in Live Oak
Authors: Martinez-Trinidad Tomas , Todd Watson W. , Arnold Michael A. , Lombardini Leonardo
Published: January 2022

Carbohydrate translocation, which follows anatomical and developmental patterns, is ruled by source-sink relations where energy-containing compounds are moved from sources of production to sinks of utilization. Seasonal carbohydrate concentrations in various tree parts were measured and compared in 10 cm (4 in) trunk diameter live oaks (Quercus virginianaP. Miller). Tissue samples from roots, trunks, twigs and leaves were collected from three-year-old field-grown trees on four dates throughout the 2005–2006 seasons. Laboratory analyses of glucose and starch were performed, and values were compared and contrasted according to sample location and time of year. Glucose levels were significantly higher in leaves during the winter (P≤ 0.001), while starch concentrations were significantly higher in root and trunk tissues during the spring and winter assessments (P≤ 0.001). Carbohydrate concentrations varied among tissues sampled within the tree. This study provides valuable information on the spatial and temporal partitioning of energy reserves, glucose and starch, in live oak so that arborists will have a better understanding of tree vitality, and the effects and environmental impacts of arboricultural treatments.
Quick-Commerce liefert neue Konkurrenz um Kunden
Authors: Mende Jan , Chernobylskaya Mayya
Published: January 2022

Die rasante Expansion der Express-Lieferdienste will der stationäre Lebensmittelhandel mit eigenen Stärken und Services kontern. Die Branche sieht sich im Vorteil – vor allem außerhalb der Metropolen.
„LEH ist Anwalt der Verbraucher“
Authors: Huber Daphne
Published: January 2022

Die Mühlen von GoodMills Deutschland mit ihren Töchtern GoodMills Innovation und Müller’s Mühle und den Marken Aurora, Diamant, Gloria, Goldpuder und Rosenmehl gehören zu den führenden Lebensmittelgrundversorgern. Das Management hat neue Trends im Blick.
Effect of Exclosure on Soil Properties in Comparison with Grazing Land in Guder subWatershed, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Sinore Tamrat , Umer Solomon
Published: January 2022

In Ethiopia, particularly the Guder sub-watershed in the Lemo District, land degradation is a severe challenge for agricultural output. Farmers in the Guder sub-watershed in southern Ethiopia employed exclosure to combat soil degradation issues. The aim of this study was to see how exclosure affected certain soil qualities. Exclosure and neighboring grazing land with similar background histories were randomly sampled for composite soil samples. The results revealed that except for silt, sand, BD, and EC, the exclosure exhibited
significantly (p<0.05) greater SOC, CEC, TN, pH, and clay compared to nearby grazing area. Finally, an exclosure is a realistic technique for restoring degraded landscapes and should be implemented as soon as possible.
Diet of Chukar Partridge Alectoris chukar (Gray): Histological analysis of the droppings
Authors: Bisht M. S.
Published: January 2022

Undigested remains from droppings of Chukar partridge Alectoris chukar (Gray) were examined under the microscope for qualitative and quantitative information on the food and feeding habits of this popular sport bird. Findings suggested that the Chukar partridge feed both the plants and animals along with grits throughout the year. The vegetative parts was comprised by overall 87.73±12.31% of faecal remains and represented by total 24 species of plants, belonging to 13 families while non-vegetative part was 9.36±2.46% and represented by hard body parts of 8 Orders of arthropods.
Other than plants and animals, average 2.84±1.17% grits was also recorded from undigested faecal remains. The leaves, roots and seeds of plants like Saccharum, Brachiaria, Chloris, Echinochloa, Oryza, Apluda (of the family Poaceae) and
seeds of Cajanus, Vigna and Glycine (family Fabaceae), and grasshoppers (order - Dissoptera) and flies (order - Diptera) are identified as major components of the diet of Chukar partridge
Avian Diversity of Oak Mixed Forest in Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India
Authors: Singh Jarnail , Bhandari Sunil , Bisht M S
Published: January 2022

The avian diversity of Oak mixed forest in Pauri Garhwal district of Uttarakhand was studied during October 2019 to March 2020. Two strands of oak mixed forest located at different sites at 29º 22’-29º 75’ North and 78º, 10’ -78º,80’ East (1750 masl) were selected. Regular field survey was carried out during the morning and evening hours at each site. A total of 63 species of birds belonging to 07 orders and 31 families were recorded. The
average bird diversity index H ¯was 3.202. The species richness was observed around 7.27 and species evenness was 0.72. The highest number of species was recorded at Ransi Oak mixed forest (63) and lowest number of bird species were recorded in Teka Oak mixed forest (60).
Bacterial cell wall nature and its mode of resistance against antibiotic drugs: An
Overview
Authors: Ali Saif , Sharma Bhavtosh , Rawat Anita
Published: January 2022

Bacterial cell wall is made up of two derivatives of NAG (N- acetylglucosamine) and NAM (Nacetylmuramic) which forms peptidoglycan. On the basis of peptidoglycan bacteria are classified into two main categories: Gram-positive and Gram-negative. But there are some other bacteria which are devoid of cell wall like PPLOs (pleuropneumonia like organism) and some are L-form which do have a cell wall but they can switch to cell wall deficient state and vice-versa. L- form bacteria can change shapes to avoid antibiotics.
Bacterial strain ST144 and ST782 were tested on media with or without osmo-protection in the presence and absence of Fosfomycin and showed that bacteria can switched to L-form and revert back to walled state after antibiotic treatment and causing recurrent UTI (Urinary tract infection) in patients. Inappropriate use of antibiotics and immunity effectors favour bacterial L- form. Bacteria have different mechanism of avoiding
antibiotics but changing the morphology to L-form make difficult for antibiotics to identify the cell wall which makes bacteria to persist more in human body to causing full blown infection. Mutation caused by disassembly of ribosomal sub-unit can also helps the bacteria to survive in multi-drug environment. The current article highlights the nature of bacterial cell wall and its nature against antibiotic drugs in human beings.
Design of U-Shaped Slot Quad Band Patch Antenna
Authors: Kumar Kuldip , Bahuguna Arun S. , Pundir Yogendra P. , Biswas Don
Published: January 2022

A four-band microstrip antenna with a U-shaped slot and two straight slots is proposed in this study. As the width of the dielectric substrate layer is extended, the frequency bands and antenna gain are observed to rise. In this current study, the suggested antenna is intended for using in wireless devices operating at frequencies between 5 GHz to 9 GHz.
A Class of Functions satisfying certain boundary value problems
Authors: Kumar Hemant
Published: January 2022

In this paper for constructing of a class of functions consisting of integral representations, we introduce a double integral, a formula pertaining to extended fractal strings, consisting of separate variables functions in the integrand. Further by this double integral formula, we determine various functions, integrals and contour integral representations on introducing different special functions for these integrand functions connecting to RiemannLiouville and Weyl fractional integral functions. Finally, we apply our obtained results to find certain boundary value problems and present precise examples.
On Conformal Symmetric Tensor of Kaehlerian Manifolds
Authors: Negi U.S. , Sulochana Sulochana
Published: January 2022

Chaki (1956) has obtained some theorems on recurrent and ricci-recurrent spaces. After that, Negi (2017) has calculated theorems on almost product and decomposable spaces. Also, Negi et al. (2019) has studied an analytic HP-transformation in almost Kaehlerian spaces. In this paper, we have defined and considered on symmetric tensor and conformal symmetric tensor of Kaehlerian manifolds and some theorems established.
Brand´S Image Perceptions During Crisis:Brazil Versus Portugal On COVID-19
Authors: Lopes Luisa , Santos Lara , Esteves Salete
Published: January 2022

The future will no longer be like the past as the world witnesses constant changes that affect people’s everyday life. In fact, with the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, organizations were challenged to adapt their business to the changes, and brands were forced to quickly manage their business to survive and be connected to the new world. Several approaches were carried on using different communication strategies.
Projections of hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) emissions and the resulting global warming based on recent trends in observed abundances and current policies
Authors: Velders Guus J. M. , Daniel John S. , Montzka Stephen A. , Vimont Isaac , Rigby Matthew , Krummel Paul B. , Muhle Jens , O'Doherty Simon , Prinn Ronald G. , Weiss Ray F. , Young Dickon
Published: January 2022

Abstract. The emissions of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) have increased significantly in the past two decades, primarily as a result of the phaseout of ozone depleting substances under the Montreal Protocol and the use of HFCs as their replacements. Projections from 2015 showed large increases in HFC use and emissions in this century in the absence of regulations, contributing up to 0.5 °C to global surface warming by 2100. In 2019, the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol came into force with the goal of limiting the use of HFCs globally, and currently, regulations to limit the use of HFCs are in effect in several countries. Here, we analyze trends in HFC emissions inferred from observations of atmospheric abundances and compare them with previous projections. Total CO2-eq inferred HFC emissions continue to increase through 2019 (to about 0.8 GtCO2-eq yr−1) but are about 20 % lower than previously projected for 2017–2019, mainly because of lower global emissions of HFC-143a. This indicates that HFCs are used much less in industrial and commercial refrigeration (ICR) applications than previously projected. This is supported by data reported by the developed countries and lower reported consumption of HFC-143a in China. Because this time-period preceded the beginning of the Kigali controls, this reduction cannot be linked directly to the provisions of the Kigali Amendment. However, it could indicate that companies transitioned away from the HFC-143a with its high global warming potential (GWP) for ICR applications, in anticipation of national or global mandates. A new HFC scenario is developed based on current trends in HFC use and current policies in several countries. These current policies reduce projected emissions in 2050 from the previously calculated 4.0–5.3 GtCO2-eq yr−1 to 1.9–3.6 GtCO2-eq yr−1. The provisions of the Kigali Amendment are projected to reduce the emissions further to 0.9–1.0 GtCO2-eq yr−1 in 2050. Without current policies, HFCs would be projected to contribute 0.28–0.44 °C to the global surface warming in 2100, compared to 0.14–0.31 °C with current policies, but without the Kigali Amendment. In contrast, the Kigali Amendment controls are expected to limit surface warming from HFCs to about 0.04 °C in 2100.
Turbulence parameters measured by the Beijing Mesosphere–Stratosphere–Troposphere radar in the troposphere/lower stratosphere with three models: Comparison and analyses
Authors: Chen Ze , Tian Yufang , Wang Yinan , Bi Yongheng , Wu Xue , Huo Juan , Pan Linjun , Wang Yong , Lü Daren
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Based on the quality-controlled observational spectral width data of the Beijing Mesosphere–Stratosphere–Troposphere (MST) radar in the altitudinal range of 3–19.8 km from 2012 to 2014, this paper analyzes the relationship between the proportion of negative turbulent kinetic energy (N-TKE) and the horizontal wind speed/horizontal wind vertical shear domain, and gives the distributional characteristics of atmospheric turbulence parameters obtained by using different calculation models. Three calculation models of the spectral width method were used in this study—namely, the H model (Hocking, 1985), N-2D model (Nastrom, 1997) and D-H model (Dehghan and Hocking, 2011). The results showed that the proportion of N-TKE in the H model increases with the horizontal wind speed and/or the vertical shear of horizontal wind speed, up to 80 %. When the horizontal wind speed is greater than 40 m·s−1, the proportion of N-TKE in the H model is greater than 60 %, and thus the H model is not applicable. When the horizontal wind speed is greater than 20 m s−1, the proportion of N-TKE in the N-2D model and D-H model increases with the horizontal wind speed, independent of the vertical shear of the horizontal wind speed, and the maximum values are 2 % and 4 %, respectively. However, it is still necessary to consider the applicability of the N-2D model and D-H model in some weather processes with strong winds. The distributional characteristics with height of the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate 𝜀 and the vertical eddy diffusion coefficient Kz derived by the three models are consistent with previous studies. Still, there are differences in the values of turbulence parameters. Also, the range resolution of the radar has little effect on the differences in the range of turbulence parameters' values. The median values of 𝜀 in the H model, N-2D model and D-H model are 10−3.2–10−2.8 m2 s−3, 10−2.8–10−2.4 m2 s−3 and 10−3.0–10−2.5 m2 s−3, respectively. The median values of Kz in these three models are 100.18–100.67 m2 s−1, 100.57–100.90 m2 s−1 and 100.44–100.74 m2 s−1.
W.A.T.E.R. – a structured approach for training on advanced measurement and experimental research
Authors: Chen Margaret , Aleixo Rui , Guerrero Massimo , Ferreira Rui
Published: January 2022

Abstract. W.A.T.E.R. stands for Workshop on Advanced measurement Techniques and Experimental Research. It is an initiative started in 2016, in the scope of the Experimental Methods and Instrumentation (EMI) committee of the International Association for Hydroenvironment Research (IAHR) aimed to advance the use of experimental techniques in hydraulics and fluid mechanics research. It provides a structured approach for the learning and training platform to postgraduate students, young researchers, and professionals with an experimental background in fluid mechanics. It offers an opportunity to learn about state-of-the-art instrumentation and measurement techniques and the latest developments in the field by partnering with manufacturers. The W.A.T.E.R. brings together academics, instrumentation manufacturers, and public sectors in a structured setting to share knowledge and to learn from good practices. It is about training people that already have certain knowledge and skill level but need to go deeper and/or wider in the field of measurement and experimental research.
A SHORT REVIEW ON PERSISTENT SCATTERER INTERFEROMETRY TECHNIQUES FOR SURFACE DEFORMATION MONITORING
Authors: Ansar A. M. H. , Din A. H. M. , Latip A. S. A. , Reba M. N. M.
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Technology advancement has urged the development of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) to be upgraded and transformed. The main contribution of the InSAR technique is that the surface deformation changes measurements can achieve up to millimetre level precision. Environmental problems such as landslides, volcanoes, earthquakes, excessive underground water production, and other phenomena can cause the earth's surface deformation. Deformation monitoring of a surface is vital as unexpected movement, and future behaviour can be detected and predicted. InSAR time series analysis, known as Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI), has become an essential tool for measuring surface deformation. Therefore, this study provides a review of the PSI techniques used to measure surface deformation changes. An overview of surface deformation and the basic principles of the four techniques that have been developed from the improvement of Persistent Scatterer Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PSInSAR), which is Small Baseline Subset (SBAS), Stanford Method for Persistent Scatterers (StaMPS), SqueeSAR and Quasi Persistent Scatterer (QPS) were summarised to perceive the ability of these techniques in monitoring surface deformation. This study also emphasises the effectiveness and restrictions of each developed technique and how they suit Malaysia conditions and environment. The future outlook for Malaysia in realising the PSI techniques for structural monitoring also discussed in this review. Finally, this review will lead to the implementation of appropriate techniques and better preparation for the country's structural development.
ESTIMATION OF PHOTOVOLTAIC POTENTIAL AT THE URBAN LEVEL FROM 3D CITY MODEL (SOLAR CADASTER): CASE OF CASABLANCA CITY, MOROCCO
Authors: Achbab E. , Lambarki R. , Rhinane H. , Saifaoui D.
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Nowadays, the use of solar energy in buildings, especially photovoltaic energy, has undergone a great evolution in the world, thanks to various technological advances and to incentive programs. Related to this topic, the solar cadaster is an important interactive tool to predict the solar potential in an urban environment. The main objective of this research work is to estimate the photovoltaic energy potential of roofs based on aerial photogrammetry and GIS processing. The location chosen for the study is the Maarif district located in the city of Casablanca in order to raise awareness of the public and decision makers to this energy potential through a geoportal that will be developed for this purpose. The tool proposed in this research work makes it possible to evaluate the solar irradiation on a part of the territory of Casablanca with a sufficiently satisfactory precision and reliability, this thanks to the precise reconstruction of the territory in 3D urban model called digital surface model (DSM) at 50 cm resolution by techniques known as photogrammetry which makes it possible to carry out measurements extracted from a stereoscopic pairs, by using the parallax and the correlation between the digital images taken from various points of view. The analysis was used on the basis of specific algorithms and several factors including geographical location, shade, tilt, orientation, roof accessibility and topography which are the main factors influencing the productivity of solar panels.
A framework to evaluate and elucidate the driving mechanisms of coastal sea surface pCO2 seasonality using an ocean general circulation model (MOM6-COBALT)
Authors: Roobaert Alizée , Resplandy Laure , Laruelle Goulven G. , Liao Enhui , Regnier Pierre
Published: January 2022

Abstract. The temporal variability of the sea surface partial pressure of CO2
(pCO2) and the underlying processes driving this variability are poorly
understood in the coastal ocean. In this study, we tailor an existing method
that quantifies the effects of thermal changes, biological activity, ocean
circulation and freshwater fluxes to examine seasonal pCO2 changes in
highly variable coastal environments. We first use the Modular Ocean Model
version 6 (MOM6) and biogeochemical module Carbon Ocean Biogeochemistry And
Lower Trophics version 2 (COBALTv2) at a half-degree resolution to simulate
coastal CO2 dynamics and evaluate them against pCO2 from the
Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas database (SOCAT) and from the continuous
coastal pCO2 product generated from SOCAT by a two-step neuronal
network interpolation method (coastal Self-Organizing Map Feed-Forward neural Network SOM-FFN, Laruelle et al., 2017). The
MOM6-COBALT model reproduces the observed spatiotemporal
variability not only in pCO2 but also in sea surface temperature, salinity and
nutrients in most coastal environments, except in a few specific regions
such as marginal seas. Based on this evaluation, we identify coastal regions
of “high” and “medium” agreement between model and coastal SOM-FFN where the
drivers of coastal pCO2 seasonal changes can be examined with
reasonable confidence. Second, we apply our decomposition method in three
contrasted coastal regions: an eastern (US East Coast) and a western (the
Californian Current) boundary current and a polar coastal region (the
Norwegian Basin). Results show that differences in pCO2 seasonality in
the three regions are controlled by the balance between ocean circulation and
biological and thermal changes. Circulation controls the pCO2 seasonality in the Californian Current; biological activity controls
pCO2 in the Norwegian Basin; and the interplay between biological
processes and thermal and circulation changes is key on the US East Coast.
The refined approach presented here allows the attribution of pCO2 changes with small residual biases in the coastal ocean, allowing for future
work on the mechanisms controlling coastal air–sea CO2 exchanges and
how they are likely to be affected by future changes in sea surface
temperature, hydrodynamics and biological dynamics.
A functional tool to explore the reliability of micro-earthquake focal mechanism solutions for seismotectonic purposes
Authors: Adinolfi Guido Maria , De Matteis Raffaella , de Nardis Rita , Zollo Aldo
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Improving the knowledge of seismogenic faults requires the integration of
geological, seismological, and geophysical information. Among several
analyses, the definition of earthquake focal mechanisms plays an essential
role in providing information about the geometry of individual faults and
the stress regime acting in a region. Fault plane solutions can be retrieved
by several techniques operating in specific magnitude ranges, both in the
time and frequency domain and using different data. For earthquakes of low magnitude, the limited number of available data and
their uncertainties can compromise the stability of fault plane solutions.
In this work, we propose a useful methodology to evaluate how well a seismic
network, used to monitor natural and/or induced micro-seismicity, estimates
focal mechanisms as a function of magnitude, location, and kinematics of
seismic source and consequently their reliability in defining seismotectonic
models. To study the consistency of focal mechanism solutions, we use a
Bayesian approach that jointly inverts the P/S long-period spectral-level
ratios and the P polarities to infer the fault plane solutions. We applied
this methodology, by computing synthetic data, to the local seismic network
operating in the Campania–Lucania Apennines (southern Italy) aimed to
monitor the complex normal fault system activated during the Ms 6.9, 1980
earthquake. We demonstrate that the method we propose is effective and can
be adapted for other case studies with a double purpose. It can be a valid
tool to design or to test the performance of local seismic networks, and more
generally it can be used to assign an absolute uncertainty to focal
mechanism solutions fundamental for seismotectonic studies.
Un viaje hacia el pasado mexicano: Diego Cañedo, seguidor de H. G. Wells
Authors: Arteaga Martínez Alejandro
Published: January 2022

Palamás, Echevete y yo o el lago asfaltado (Palamás, Echevete and I or the asphalted lake), Mexican Diego Cañedo’s second novel (1945), elaborates the time travel to the Mexican past. The sci-fi theme of the novel sustains a social criticism, and imitates H. G. Wells’ The Time Machine plot. In this essay, the sociocritical part of Cañedo’s work is studied, on one hand, because it seems to respond to the social problems of the period 1934-1946; and, on the other hand, because the relations established with Wells’ novel.
Dibujo para el diseño, herramienta de pensamiento y comunicación
Authors: Aguilar Moreno Marta
Published: January 2022

Metodología y creatividad son dos elementos esenciales para el diseño. En el artículo que se presenta se analiza el dibujo como pensamiento, representación y comunicación, basado en las diferentes modalidades y métodos de enseñanza, la utilización de las técnicas y los recursos que son propios de los diseñadores. Nos centraremos en aquellas variables que determinan la enseñanza del dibujo, desde su origen integrador en la formación industrial hasta los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje adaptados a la renovación metodológica, siguiendo las pautas establecidas por el Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior.

Pensar, conceptualizar y dibujar será una experiencia vital para todos aquellos alumnos que dirijan su mirada hacia las Bellas Artes, desde cualquiera de las titulaciones: Grado en Bellas Artes, Grado en Diseño o Grado en Conservación y Restauración. No obstante, haremos especial hincapié en el desarrollo de las acciones propias del conocimiento de objetos desde el punto de vista gráfico, para aquellos alumnos que se inician en el diseño, fundamentando el desarrollo proyectual resolutivo del dibujo.