bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPLEMENTATION OF TURNOUTS TECHNICAL DIAGNOSTICS SYSTEMS
Authors: S. YU. Buryak  , V. I. Havrilyuk  , O. O. Hololobova
Published: July 2015

Purpose. In the paper it is necessary to: 1) find out the causes of turnouts faults to determine diagnostic features failures; 2) consider the requirements structure, purpose components of turnouts, work and technology of their maintenance to determine the construction of the economic activities related to system to the turnout’s maintenance; 3) substantiate the possibility, necessity and prospects of automated diagnostics turnout’s implementation; 4) elaborate a prototype of an automated hardware and software system for the turnouts control parameters and perform diagnostics on them. Methodology. In the paper possible turnouts faults were presented and manifestations and influence on its work were shown. According to the current technology works the process analyze of turnouts’ maintenance was conducted, were defined the basic performed operations during the examination of appearance, parameters and check the repair or replacement of parts and assemblies. Based on the analysis of reasons of turnouts malfunctioning and their fixes were systematized types of damages and ways to deal with them, an information scheme of troubleshooting were created, opportunities and limits of automating the process of diagnostics were identified and compared with the existing method of turnouts maintenance. A diagnostics system block diagram was created, an algorithm of its work was developed and established main basic principles of operation. Software and hardware to determine the turnout’s state considering diagnostic performance of points in use were applied. Findings. During the experiment was created a method of automated turnout’s diagnostics with AC electric drives, managed centrally. The results of automated hardware and software system make it possible to control turnout’s parameters and perform diagnostics on them. Originality. Authors created the method of turnout’s state determination by current curve and its spectral composition in the circle of turnout electric motor. The de hardware and software centralized point’s diagnostics complex was developed. Practical value. Thanks to the obtained results the operation safety due to a time workers decrease in the area of train’s movement is increased. The human factor in the performance of measurements is eliminated. Hiding and concealment the facts of turnouts malfunction are not possible.
MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF THE DAMAGE ANALYSIS OF RAILWAY TRACTION ENERGY SYSTEM
Authors: O. O. Matusevych
Published: July 2015

Purpose. The study provides the methods and models development of reducing damages of traction energy systems (TES) at electrified railways of Ukraine. Definition the indicator of preventing damage evaluation TES at electrified railways is necessary. Paper is aimed to search the modern methods and approaches to improve the system of TES monitoring, diagnosis and maintenance. Methodology. To achieve this purpose a study of foreign experience and publications that focus on problem-solving quality of TES using a linguistic approach based on the theory of fuzzy multiple numbers and linguistic variable were done. Findings. In result of research an algorithm to reduce TPS damages which operates under uncertainty was developed. It is found that the solution of this problem is possible by timely detection of actual technical condition of equipment in terms of quality maintenance, diagnostics and update resource of electrical equipment traction substations (TS) power supply TES. The study examined the fuzzy inference scheme, which is based on the use of mechanisms to minimize the area of decision-making. It contributes not only to structural identification in the process of developing a database, but also can significantly improve the efficiency of finding the parameters of fuzzy model, which in turn reduces the efforts that are necessary for the analysis and the design of effective control systems maintenance and repair (M and R) TES. Originality. For the first time the algorithm of reduction the damage of traction energy system of electrified railways of Ukraine was offered. The mathematical model of reduction the damage calculation of TES from TP power equipment failures by improving system maintenance (M and P) was developed. Firstly evaluation index was proposed to prevent the damage of traction energy system. Practical value. The article describes the fuzzy inference scheme, which is based on the use of the mechanism to minimize the area of decision-making and contributes not only to structural identification in the process of developing a database, but also can significantly improve the performance of determining the parameters of fuzzy model. Implementation of this approach comes to the determination of the main stages, features and optimal justification of quantitative and qualitative requirements for system M and R of TS. It will be done with allowable costs for improvements to reduce TPS damage and address the equipment of traction substations in working condition in terms of growth rates and volumes aging (compared to the current speed and volume of updates).
DETERMINATION OF DYNAMIC LOADS FROM THE WHEEL ON THE RAIL FOR HIGH-SPEED TRAINS
Authors: D. M. Kurhan
Published: July 2015

Purpose. On the basis of theoretical assumptions and experimental studies the paper provides the choice of the factors for the formation of dynamic load on the track of modern rolling stock in the conditions of high-speed. This results in a calculation method of determining a vertical force which acts on the wheels on the rails. Methodology. The current trend of development of transport networks is the introduction to Ukrainian railways speed, and in the future – high-speed, passenger trains. Fundamental structural changes in these trains, and a significant increase in speed results in a need to revise the calculation methods of action of rolling stock on the railway track, the ratio of the standard deviations of various dynamic forces, assess the impact of different factors for different speeds. In the work investigated the change in the dynamic load on the results of experimental measurements. Findings. The dependences of the average and the calculated forces on the speed of modern passenger trains were obtained. Using factor analysis of variance obtained numerical characteristics of the influence of different factors on the value of the vertical force acts on the wheel rail and the degrees of influence of various factors on its deformation were determined. Based on the results of experimental and theoretical research, the necessity of revising the methodology for determining the estimated power for practical calculations the way to strength in terms of passenger trains at high speeds was grounded. Originality. On the basis of theoretical research and analysis of statistical data of experimental measurements it was found that the main factor driving the dynamic vertical force component for modern passenger trains are the vibrations of the «wheel-rail» system or so-called «dynamic wheel passing the rough ways». Practical value. Existing methods of calculating the dynamic component of the vertical forces need such indicators as the reduced mass of the way. The obtained results in the study indicate that a parameter is artificial and can only be used for low speeds at the level of static calculation schemes.
THE EFFECT OF CORRUGATED ELEMENTS THICKNESS ON THE DEFLECTED MODE OF CORRUGATED METAL STRUCTURES
Authors: V. V. Kovalchuk
Published: July 2015

Purpose. The work provides research the deflected mode and calculation the relative deformation of vertical and horizontal diameters of corrugated metal structures (CMS), horizontal ellipse type, and cross section in their interaction with soil backfill depending on the thickness of corrugated metal pipe. Such studies are required for optimal design of CMS, establishing the causes of defects timely, appropriate engineering solutions to improve the bearing capacity of the CMS and reasonable use of funds for their construction or rehabilitation of existing transportation facilities using corrugated metal pipes. Methodology. Stresses and stability calculations of CMS form are conducted using the developed mathematical algorithm in program environment Mathcad 14. In these studies different thickness of corrugated metal pipe were assigned, and further calculations were carried out at the design value of backfill soil compaction degree and magnitude of dynamic loading of railway transport. Findings. From the calculations is determined that the most influence the thickness of the corrugated metal pipe has on the strength in the calculation of the normal stresses and value of the vertical pipe strains. Therefore, the calculated parameters in the design of corrugated metal structures with small filling heights (from 1.2 m to 3 m) above its peak is calculation of the strength by the normal stresses and determination of the vertical deformation of the pipe. Originality. For the first time, calculations of the deflected mode and relative deformations of vertical and horizontal cross-sectional diameters of CMS, horizontal ellipse type in the interaction with soil backfill. The factors complex was taken into account the backfill soil compaction degree, the value of dynamic loading of railway transport and different thickness of corrugated metal pipe. Practical value. The results of the deflected mode of corrugated metal structures such as horizontal ellipse of cross sections can be used by engineers in the bridge probation stations of Railways of Ukraine and Ukravtodor, in the project organizations involved in the design of corrugated metal structures.
WEB-QUESTS IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE STUDYING AND TEACHING AS A VALUABLE RESOURCE AND EFFECTIVE TOOL
Authors: Pererva K. M.
Published: July 2015

Purpose. This paper is a study of innovative methods of learning and teaching English with the help of Internet resources and students motivation to seek the necessary information at homework. Methodology. The main principle of the Web-Quest as a type of English language teaching is to motivate students. For example, by participation in the Web-Quest students, who were unsure of their knowledge, become more confident. Having clear goals and objectives, using computer skills, motivated young people more actively acts as a confident user of English. Findings. According to the technology of We-Quests students were asked to create one or more projects directly related to the successful execution of the work. It is a significant result of all the hard work of students, and it is the subject of evaluation. Evaluation is an essential component of Web-Quest or any other project, and from this point of view, the criteria should be clear and accessible to students from the very beginning. These instructions can and should be changed in order to differentiate and provide an oral presentation and written work. Originality. Basically, Web-Quests are mini-projects in which a higher percentage of the material obtained from the Internet. They can be created by teachers or students, depending on the type of training work. The author detailed the increase of possibilities in the search of Internet projects with other creative types of student work. They may include: review of the literature, essay writing, discussion of read works and other. Practical value. The paper confirmed that the roles and tasks, reflecting the real world, invites to cooperate, stimulate and train the thinking process at a higher level. That is why the use of Web-Quests can improve the language skills of the educational process (reading for information extraction, detailed reading, negotiations, oral and written communication, and other).
The importance of PET/CT in the evaluation of patients with Ewing tumors
Authors: Guimarães Júlio Brandão , Rigo Letícia , Lewin Fabio , Emerick André
Published: July 2015

Abstract The effective evaluation for the treatment of patients with Ewing tumors depends on the accuracy in the determination of the primary tumor extent and the presence of metastatic disease. Currently, no universally accepted staging system is available to assess Ewing tumors. The present study aimed at discussing the use of PET/CT as a tool for staging, restaging and assessment of therapeutic response in patients with Ewing tumors. In spite of some limitations of PET/CT as compared with anatomical imaging methods, its relevance in the assessment of these patients is related to the capacity of the method to provide further physiological information, which often generates important clinical implications. Currently, the assessment of patients with Ewing tumor should comprise a study with PET/CT combined with other anatomical imaging modalities, such as radiography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.
Enhancement of viability of radiosensitive (PBMC) and resistant (MDA-MB-231) clones in low-dose-rate cobalt-60 radiation therapy
Authors: Falcão Patrícia Lima , Motta Bárbara Miranda , Lima Fernanda Castro de , Lima Celso Vieira , Campos Tarcísio Passos Ribeiro
Published: July 2015

Abstract Objective: In the present study, the authors investigated the in vitro behavior of radio-resistant breast adenocarcinoma (MDA-MB-231) cells line and radiosensitive peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), as a function of different radiation doses, dose rates and postirradiation time kinetics, with a view to the interest of clinical radiotherapy. Materials and Methods: The cells were irradiated with Co-60, at 2 and 10 Gy and two different exposure rates, 339.56 cGy.min–1 and the other corresponding to one fourth of the standard dose rates, present over a 10-year period of cobalt therapy. Post-irradiation sampling was performed at pre-established kinetics of 24, 48 and 72 hours. The optical density response in viability assay was evaluated and a morphological analysis was performed. Results: Radiosensitive PBMC showed decrease in viability at 2 Gy, and a more significant decrease at 10 Gy for both dose rates. MDAMB- 231 cells presented viability decrease only at higher dose and dose rate. The results showed MDA-MB-231 clone expansion at low dose rate after 48–72 hours post-radiation. Conclusion: Low dose rate shows a possible potential clinical impact involving decrease in management of radio-resistant and radiosensitive tumor cell lines in cobalt therapy for breast cancer.
Is there any association between Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and thyroid cancer? A retrospective data analysis
Authors: Alcântara-Jones Daysi Maria de , Alcântara-Nunes Tania Freitas de , Rocha Bruno de Oliveira , Oliveira Rafael Daltro de , Santana Allan Chastinet Pitangueira , Alcântara Fernanda Tavares de , Faria Thais Magalhães de , Silva Igor Campos da , Araújo Leila Maria Batista
Published: July 2015

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the association between Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Materials and Methods: The patients were evaluated by ultrasonography-guided fine needle aspiration cytology. Typical cytopathological aspects and/or classical histopathological findings were taken into consideration in the diagnosis of HT, and only histopathological results were considered in the diagnosis of PTC. Results: Among 1,049 patients with multi- or uninodular goiter (903 women and 146 men), 173 (16.5%) had cytopathological features of thyroiditis. Thirty-three (67.4%) out of the 49 operated patients had PTC, 9 (27.3%) of them with histopathological features of HT. Five (31.3%) out of the 16 patients with non-malignant disease also had HT. In the groups with HT, PTC, and PCT+HT, the female prevalence rate was 100%, 91.6%, and 77.8%, respectively. Mean age was 41.5, 43.3, and 48.5 years, respectively. No association was observed between the two diseases in the present study where HT occurred in 31.1% of the benign cases and in 27.3% of malignant cases (p = 0.8). Conclusion: In spite of the absence of association between HT and PCT, the possibility of malignancy in HT should always be considered because of the coexistence of the two diseases already reported in the literature.
Evaluation of outpatient discharge in patients with cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Fernandes Nurimar C. , Marinho Flauberto de Sousa
Published: July 2015

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate discharge in a group of patients with cutaneous melanoma according to recently established criteria. METHODS: we conducted an observational, cross-sectional study with 32 patients at the Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho (HUCFF) / Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), between 1995 and 2013, in the following stages: IA (17 cases, 53.12%), IB (4 cases, 12.5%), IIA (3 cases, 9.37%), IIC (1 case, 3.12%), IIIB (1 case, 3.12%), IIIC (3 cases, 9.37%), melanomas in situ (2 cases, 6.25%), Tx (1 case, 3.12%). RESULTS: the follow-up time varied from one to 20 years (stage IA), five to 15 years (stage IB), six to 17 years (stage IIA), 20 years (stage IIC), 23 years (stage IIIB) and 14 to 18 years (stage IIIC). One melanoma in situ (subungueal) was discharged in the fourth year of follow-up and the other was promptly discharged. The Tx melanoma was followed for 12 years. We observed no relapses or recurrences in the period. CONCLUSION: although a controversial issue, it was possible to endorse the discharge of the patients since our follow-up time had already exceeded the one recommended by the other authors.
Importance of flexible bronchoscopy in decannulation of tracheostomy patients
Authors: Rodrigues Leonardo Brand , Nunes Tarcizo Afonso
Published: July 2015

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the importance of flexible bronchoscopy in tracheostomy patients in the process of decannulation to assess the incidence and types of laryngotracheal injury and compare the presence of such lesions with clinical criteria used for decannulation. METHODS: We studied 51 tracheostomized patients aged between 19 and 87 years, with tracheal stent for a mean of 46 ± 28 days and with clinical criteria for decannulation. They were submitted to tracheostomy tube occlusion tolerance testfor 24 hours, and then to flexible bronchoscopy. We described and classified the diagnosed laryngotracheal changes. We compared the clinical criteria for decannulation indication with the bronchoscopy-diagnosed laryngotracheal injuries that contraindicated decannulation. We identified the factors that could interfere in decannulation and evaluated the importance of bronchoscopy as part of the process. RESULTS: Forty (80.4%) patients had laryngotracheal alterations. Of the 40 patients considered clinically fit to decannulation, eight (20%) (p = 0.0007) presented with laryngotracheal injuries at bronchoscopy that contraindicated the procedure. The most frequent laryngeal alteration was vocal cords lesion, in 15 (29%) individuals, and granuloma, the most prevalent tracheal lesion, in 14 (27.5%) patients. CONCLUSION: flexible bronchoscopy showed a large number of laryngotracheal injuries, the most frequent being the vocal cords injury in the larynx and the granuloma in the trachea, which contributed to increase the decannulation procedure safety.
Open abdomen management: single institution experience
Authors: Rodrigues Junior Adilson Costa , Novo Fernando da Costa Ferreira , Arouca Rafael de Castro Santana , Silva Francisco de Salles Collet e , Montero Edna Frasson de Souza , Utiyama Edivaldo Massazo
Published: July 2015

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the outcome of abdominal wall integrity of both techniques. METHODS: a retrospective study was carried out at the Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, identifying the patients undergoing temporary abdominal closure (TAC) from January 2005 to December 2011. Data were collected through the review of clinical charts. Inclusion criteria were indication of TAC and survival to definitive abdominal closure. In the post-operative period only a group of three surgeons followed all patients and performed the reoperations. RESULTS: Twenty eightpatients were included. The difference in primary closure rates and mean time for fascial closure did not reach statistical significance (p=0.98 and p=0.23, respectively). CONCLUSION: VAC and Bogota Bag do not differ significantly regarding the outcome of abdominal wall integrity, due to the monitoring of a specific team and the adoption of progressive closure
Pulmonar recruitment in acute respiratory distress syndrome. What is the best strategy?
Authors: Santos Cíntia Lourenço , Samary Cynthia dos Santos , Fiorio Júnior Pedro Laurindo , Santos Bruna Lourenço , Schanaider Alberto
Published: July 2015

Supporting patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), using a protective mechanical ventilation strategy characterized by low tidal volume and limitation of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is a standard practice in the intensive care unit. However, these strategies can promote lung de-recruitment, leading to the cyclic closing and reopening of collapsed alveoli and small airways. Recruitment maneuvers (RM) can be used to augment other methods, like positive end-expiratory pressure and positioning, to improve aerated lung volume. Clinical practice varies widely, and the optimal method and patient selection for recruitment maneuvers have not been determined, considerable uncertainty remaining regarding the appropriateness of RM. This review aims to discuss recent findings about the available types of RM, and compare the effectiveness, indications and adverse effects among them, as well as their impact on morbidity and mortality in ARDS patients. Recent developments include experimental and clinical evidence that a stepwise extended recruitment maneuver may cause an improvement in aerated lung volume and decrease the biological impact seen with the traditionally used sustained inflation, with less adverse effects. Prone positioning can reduce mortality in severe ARDS patients and may be an useful adjunct to recruitment maneuvers and advanced ventilatory strategies, such noisy ventilation and BIVENT, which have been useful in providing lung recruitment.
The Allelopathic Effect of Eucalyptus Leaf Extract on Grass Forage Seed
Authors: Carvalho F.P. , Melo C.A.D. , Machado M.S. , Dias D.C.F.S. , Alvarenga E.M.
Published: July 2015

This study aimed to evaluate the allelopathic effect of various concentrations of an aqueous extract of eucalyptus leaves on Urochloa decumbens and Panicum maximum seeds. The extract was prepared from Eucalyptus urograndis leaves that were milled and mixed with distilled water in a 1:9 milled leaves: water ratio to obtain an extract with a defined concentration of 100%. In addition, dilutions of 50%, 25% and 12.5% were prepared, and a 0% dilution was used as a control. The experiment followed a completely randomized design, with four replicates, each of 50 seeds of U. decumbens and 50 seeds of P. maximum, arranged on filter paper moistened with each concentration of extract in a Gerbox plastic box. The results demonstrated the allelopathic potential of E. urograndis aqueous extracts applied to the seeds of U. decumbens and P. maximum. The 50% and 100% concentrations of leaf extract most strongly inhibited the germination, vigor and seedling growth of U. decumbens and P. maximum. The germination speed index and the root length were the characteristics that were most affected by the potentially allelopathic substances contained in the eucalyptus extracts at all concentrations.
Germination and Dormancy in Seeds of Sorghum halepense and Sorghum arundinaceum
Authors: Krenchinski F.H. , Albrecht A.J.P. , Albrecht L.P. , Villetti H.L. , Orso G. , Barroso A.A.M. , Victoria Filho R.
Published: July 2015

Light, temperature and dormancy are factors that influence the germination of seeds and are strictly linked to the emergence of weeds. The objective of this work was to assess the germination of Sorghum arundinaceum and Sorghum halepense subjected to different conditions of temperature and luminosity, as well as assessing seed dormancy breaking mechanisms. For this, two experiments were conducted, both arranged in a completely randomized design. Experiment 1 was installed in a 2 x 5 double factorial design. The first factor was the absence or presence of light for 12 hours, and the other was composed of five constant temperatures: 15, 20, 30, 40 and 45 oC. In experiment 2, the efficiency of nine treatments used for breaking dormancy of seeds was assessed. The variables analyzed for both experiments were germination percentage and germination speed index (GSI). For the statistical analysis were performed an analysis of variance (ANOVA) and all the necessary consequences, as well as regression, when relevant. In experiment 1 for both species greater germination occurred in the presence of light. For S. arundinaceum the temperatures at which there was the highest percentage of germination were 33.13 and 31.24 oC for presence and absence of light respectively. As for S. halepense these temperatures were 31.98 and 29.75 oC for presence and absence of light respectively. As for the treatments for breaking dormancy, the mechanical scarification of seeds with sandpaper presented the highest germination and GSI. It is concluded that the Sorghum species studied are neutral photoblastic seeds and present mechanical type dormancy.
Trinexapac-Ethyl and Sulfometuron-Methyl Selectivity to Young Eucalyptus Plants
Authors: Correia N.M. , Villela G.B.
Published: July 2015

Trinexapac-ethyl and sulfometuron-methyl are the most widely used ripeners in sugarcane. The application is performed by airborne spraying. Thus, if weather conditions are unfavorable, spray drift to neighboring areas may occur. The objective of this study was to assess the selectivity of the plant growth regulators trinexapac-ethyl and sulfometuron-methyl, used as sugarcane ripeners, to eucalyptus (Eucalyptus urograndis) young plants. The experiment was installed in an eucalyptus commercial yield area, in the municipality of Tambaú, state of São Paulo, Brazil, and arranged in a 2 x 8 factorial design in randomized blocks with four replications. The treatments studied were trinexapac-ethyl and sulfometuron-methyl, sprayed in eight doses, 0; 1.0; 2.5; 5.0; 10; 25; 50 and 100% of the dose used in sugarcane as ripeners (200 g ha-1 of trinexapac-ethyl and 15 g ha-1 of sulfometuron-methyl). Chemical ripeners were applied on eucalyptus plants with 48 cm in height on average; 10.1 branches; 4.5 mm of stem diameter and 44.3 cm of crown diameter, at 46 days after seeding. Trinexapac-ethyl was selective to eucalyptus and stimulated crown diameter growth. At higher doses, sulfometuron-methyl promoted severe noticeable injuries in eucalyptus plants, such as apical bud death. However, during the assessment period the plants recovered and the visual symptoms of phytotoxicity and growth alterations were not observed at 60 days after application. The plant growth regulators trinexapac-ethyl and sulfometuron-methyl were selective to eucalyptus young plants.
Selectivity of Saflufenacil for Sweet Sorghum and Potential use of Na-Bentazon as a Safener
Authors: Correia N.M. , Gomes L.J.P.
Published: July 2015

The objective of this study was to assess the selectivity herbicide saflufenacil for two sweet sorghum hybrids, when sprayed in preemergence and postemergence, besides the use of Na-bentazon as a 'safener' for saflufenacil. Three experiments were conducted, in pots, maintained in an ambient condition (second and third experiments) and in a greenhouse (first experiment). In each experiment a completely randomized distribution was used, with four replicates. In the first (2 x 6 factorial) two hybrids of sweet sorghum (CVSW 80007 and CVSW 80147) and six dosages (0; 35; 52.5; 70; 87.5 and 105 g ha-1) of saflufenacil were studied, applied in preemergence of the plants. In the second (2 x 5 factorial) the same hybrids of sweet sorghum sprayed in postemergence with saflufenacil (0; 35; 52.5; 70 and 87.5 g h-1) were assessed. In the third (4 x 5 factorial) the association of Na-bentazon (0; 240; 480 and 720 g ha-1) to saflufenacil (0.35; 52.5; 70 and 87.5 g ha-1) was studied, when sprayed in postemergence on the sweet sorghum plants (CVSW 80007). Hybrid CVSW 80147 was more tolerant to saflufenacil than hybrid CVSW 800007, in preemergence or postemergence applications. The variables that best assessed the sensibility of the sweet sorghum to saflufenacil were number of emerged plants, for preemergence applications, and dry matter of stem for postemergence. Na-bentazon showed promise for use as 'safener' in postemergence applications of saflufenacil in sweet sorghum for dosages up to 70 g ha-1.
A harmonização vocálica como indício de uma mudança histórica
Authors: Bisol Leda
Published: July 2015

Como um processo de assimilação comum às línguas humanas, a harmonização vocálica que tem por contexto a pauta pretônica, a exemplo de menina ~ minina, coruja ~ curuja, esteve presente no português europeu desde sua infância a seus tempos áureos, que se iniciam com Camões, incrementando-se junto à língua com andar dos tempos até meados do século XVIII, declinando a partir daí para desaparecer do português europeu no século XIX, continuando, todavia, no português brasileiro. Desde então ela se impõe como um divisor de águas: o português brasileiro que a preserva, de um lado, e o português europeu que a negligencia, de outro, dois dialetos da mesma língua.
Pesquisando a partir da perspectiva da complexidade na área de linguística Aplicada
Authors: D'ESPOSITO Maria Eugenia Witzler , NEVES Rogério da COSTA
Published: July 2015

O mundo em constante evolução solicita mudanças na forma como investigamos as salas de aula, nossa prática docente e desenvolvemos pesquisas. O objetivo deste artigo é ponderar nessa direção e apontar uma visão de pesquisa e de metodologia distanciada do cunho positivista do paradigma tradicional e que permite que tenhamos um olhar diferenciado para as vivências sendo investigadas. Para tal, compartilhamos a experiência de Costa Neves (2011) e D'Esposito (2012) que, ao desenvolverem suas pesquisas de doutoramento na área de Linguística Aplicada, buscaram uma metodologia de pesquisa coaduna à perspectiva da complexidade que foi a base de desenvolvimento de suas pesquisas. Assim sendo, neste trabalho os pesquisadores apresentam o diálogo por eles estabelecido entre a complexidade (Morin, 1990/2008, 1999/2006a,b, 2005/2006; Moraes, 1997/2006; Mariotti, 2007, et alli) e a abordagem hermenêutico-fenomenológica (van Manen, 1990; Freire, 1998, 2007, 2008a,b, 2010).
Das citações (in)diretas na discursividade do voto de Carlos Ayres Britto acerca da união homoafetiva: efeitos de sentido possíveis
Authors: NEGRI Lígia , BITTENCOURT Guida Fernanda Proença , FIGUEIREDO JR. Selmo Ribeiro
Published: July 2015

Neste artigo, trazemos o acontecimento que o voto do ministro relator Carlos Ayres Britto funda pela sua enunciação, no Supremo Tribunal Federal, referente à recente (2011) questão da união homoafetiva no Brasil, tendo como corpus de análise as citações (in)diretas extraídas de afirmações de personalidades célebres (Platão, Max Scheler, Descartes, Fernando Pessoa, Nietzsche, Hegel, Jung, Caetano Veloso, Rui Barbosa, Spinoza, Sartre e Chico Xavier), postas em jogo na materialidade linguística. Discutimos os efeitos de sentido possíveis delas decorrentes, mediante a perspectiva da Análise do Discurso de orientação francesa, tendo em conta os aspectos relevantes das condições de produção do discurso, sem deixarmos de aventar os efeitos de articulação entre citações e enunciados que as circunscrevem no voto, paralelismos etc. Lançaremos, ainda, breve olhar sobre o ethos do sujeito do discurso, a partir dos efeitos de sentido das citações. Dentre outras avaliações e reflexões, concluiremos que o discurso tem como argumento maior o amor, confrontando uma FD (Formação Discursiva) prototípica do judiciário, inclusive nas menções a interdiscursos religiosos. Para nosso exercício analítico, contamos especialmente com Possenti (2009, 2002), Eni Orlandi (2009, 2006), Foucault (2010, 2009), Maingueneau (1997) e Pêcheux (2009), para que constituam nosso aporte teórico.
Curva de crescimento de diferentes linhagens de frango de corte caipira
Authors: Morais Jonas , Ferreira Priscila Becker , Jacome Ianglio Márcio Travassos Duarte , Mello Renius , Breda Fernanda Cristina , Rorato Paulo Roberto Nogara
Published: July 2015

Objetivou-se identificar o modelo de regressão não linear mais adequado para descrever a curva de crescimento de quatro linhagens de frangos caipira e compará-las entre as linhagens. Foram utilizadas 100 aves, sendo 13 machos e 12 fêmeas de cada uma das linhagens. Foram testados 13 modelos de regressão não linear e, após a seleção do melhor modelo, foi verificada a igualdade de parâmetros e identidade de modelos não lineares. O peso médio aos 77 dias de idade foi de 3.017, 2.781, 2.724 e 2.587kg para a Pesadão, Mista, Carijó e Pescoço Pelado, respectivamente. O modelo Quadrático Logarítmico apresentou melhor ajuste dos dados para as linhagens Pesadão, Carijó e Mista, segundo o quadrado médio do resíduo e desvio médio absoluto. Para a linhagem Pescoço Pelado, os critérios estatísticos apontaram como mais adequado o modelo Polinomial Inverso, seguido do Quadrático Logarítmico. As curvas de crescimento entre machos e entre fêmeas das linhagens foram diferentes, assim, como as curvas de crescimento de machos e fêmeas dentro de linhagens. A divergência entre as classes avaliadas foi atribuída à taxa de decréscimo de peso, parâmetro c do modelo Quadrático Logarítmico. O modelo Quadrático Logarítmico pode ser utilizado para descrever a curva de crescimento das quatro linhagens. A linhagem Pesadão tem o crescimento mais acelerado e a linhagem Pescoço Pelado tem o crescimento mais lento. A partir do 35o dia de idade, sugere-se o ajuste do manejo nutricional para alterar a curva de crescimento e atender a legislação vigente e o mercado consumidor.
Evaluation of biobutanol production by Clostridium beijerinckii NRRL B-592 using sweet sorghum as carbon source
Authors: Visioli Luiz Jardel , Alves Eliana Albornoz , Trindade Aline , Kuhn Raquel Cristine , Schwaab Marcio , Mazutti Marcio Antonio
Published: July 2015

In this research it was evaluated the production of biobutanol by Clostridium beijerinckiiNRRL B-592 using sweet sorghum juice as carbon source. Operational variables, like pH and initial inoculum size, as well as supplementation of industrial media with yeast extract and tryptone, were evaluated. The maximum butanol obtained was 2.12g kg-1 using 12.5% of inoculum size, 0.05g 100mL-1 of tryptone and 0.1g 100mL-1 of yeast extract and initial pH of 5.5. The main contribution of this research was to show a systematic procedure for development of a low cost industrial media for biobutanol production from sweet sorghum.
Diferentes tratamentos de sementes sobre o desenvolvimento de plantas de soja
Authors: Cunha Ricardo Pereira da , Corrêa Marciabela Fernandes , Schuch Luis Osmar Braga , Oliveira Roberto Caetano de , Abreu Junior José de Souza , Silva Jéssica Dias Gomes da , Almeida Tainan Lopes de
Published: July 2015

A cada ano são descobertos e utilizados novos produtos para o tratamento de sementesna cultura da soja (Glycine max L. Merril), visando aumentos de produção. Há a necessidade de conhecer a influência desses produtos sobre o desenvolvimento das plantas, a fim de obter sucesso na atividade. O objetivo do experimento foi avaliar o efeito de principais produtos aplicados via tratamento de sementes, sobre a morfologia de plantas de soja, em diferentes fases de desenvolvimento da cultura, bem como, sobre os componentes do rendimento e produtividade. Os produtos utilizados foram: tiametoxan; [abamectina+tiametoxan + fludioxonil]; [fipronil + tiofanatometilico + piraclostrobina]; [imidacloprido + tiodicarbe]; CruiserAdvanced(r); carboxamida; abamectina; [metalaxyl-M + fludioxonil]; além da testemunha sem tratamento. Na primeira etapa, avaliou-se a qualidade fisiológica das sementes tratadas. Posteriormente, avaliou-se o crescimento inicial aos 15, 30 e 45dias após a emergência. Na terceira etapa, avaliaram-se características agronômicas e componentes de rendimento. O delineamento experimental utilizado para os testes fisiológicos das sementes foi inteiramente casualizado e para as determinações de desenvolvimento inicial e de final de ciclo, blocos ao acaso. Para análise estatística, utilizou-se o programa SASM-Agri. Concluiu-se que a mistura de ingredientes ativos inseticidas e fungicidas prejudica o desenvolvimento inicial das plântulas de soja. Aos 45 dias após a emergência, há efeito positivo dos produtos tiametoxan, [abamectina + tiametoxan + fludioxonil], CruiserAdvanced(r) e [metalaxyl-M + fludioxonil] sobre o crescimento, porém este estímulo não se reflete na produção final.
Alteração do índice biespectral antes e após estimulação elétrica ou mecânica em cães anestesiados pelo isofluorano
Authors: Yamashiro Laise Michi , Floriano Beatriz Perez , Pinho Renata Haddad , Wagatsuma Juliana Tessalia , Ferreira Joana Zafalon , Oliva Valéria Nobre Leal de Souza
Published: July 2015

Uma das formas atuais para se avaliar o grau de hipnose e depressão do sistema nervoso central durante a anestesia é o índice biespectral (BIS), que fornece um valor de 0 a 100. Objetivou-se avaliar as alterações do BIS de cães durante a estimulação elétrica e mecânica supra-máxima e sob diferentes concentrações de isofluorano, a fim de verificar se existe uma relação entre este índice e a resposta motora frente à nocicepção. Utilizaram-se sete cães da raça Beagle, dois machos e cinco fêmeas, anestesiados com isofluorano nas concentrações de 2,0; 1,8; 1,6; 1,4 e 1,2%. Os diferentes tipos de estímulo foram utilizados em procedimentos anestésicos diferentes nos mesmos animais, com intervalo mínimo de 15 dias. Os valores de BIS foram anotados por 60 segundos em cada avaliação, derivando médias antes (AE) e depois (DE) de cada estímulo. Os resultados foram analisados por meio de teste t pareado ou Wilcoxon pareado (P<0,05). Houve diferença significativa entre os valores AE e DE em todas as concentrações de isofluorano, exceto 2,0% no estímulo mecânico. Também foi significativa entre a subtração desses valores, quando comparados entre estímulos, em 1,8 e 2,0%. Conclui-se que a resposta frente a estímulos supra-máximos modifica os valores de BIS em cães por meio da superficialização do plano anestésico. Sugere-se o emprego do modelo mecânico para evitar possíveis interferências de corrente elétrica e perda da confiabilidade dos dados.
Infância e adolescência: como chegam as queixas escolares à saúde mental?
Authors: Carneiro Cristiana , Coutinho Luciana Gageiro
Published: July 2015

O presente trabalho discute os resultados de um estudo piloto realizado entre janeiro e junho de 2012 no Serviço de Psiquiatria da Infância e Adolescência do Instituto de Psiquiatria da UFRJ. De caráter exploratório, através de análise documental, o estudo rastreou queixas ligadas à escolarização dentro do universo dos casos atendidos na triagem do referido período. Tem como objetivo, portanto, mapear as queixas escolares registradas na porta de entrada de um serviço universitário de psiquiatria. Apresenta as principais queixas provenientes de encaminhamentos feitos pela escola à saúde mental voltada para infância e adolescência, a partir de 285 fichas de triagem, bem como analisa idade e gênero da entrada no serviço. Discute, ainda, como são descritas as queixas escolares a partir de seis relatos de triagem, apontando para a importância em se destacar o contraditório na queixa inicial. Conclui que aproximadamente um terço do público que chega ao referido serviço de psiquiatria da infância e adolescência apresenta queixas iniciais envolvendo escolarização, sendo dificuldade de aprendizagem e agitação as prevalentes.
Da teoria crítica ao pós-estruturalismo: breves apontamentos para uma possível confrontação entre Adorno e Deleuze
Authors: Bueno Sinesio Ferraz
Published: July 2015

A teoria crítica da Escola de Frankfurt e o pós-estruturalismo francês constituem-se em movimentos reflexivos da maior importância na área da filosofia da educação, inspirando inúmeras produções acadêmicas nas últimas décadas. Sendo contemporâneos às décadas de 1950 e 1960, ambos os movimentos apresentam em comum o fato de oporem resistência filosófica a diversos tipos de totalitarismo. Como diferenças mais salientes a ambas correntes de pensamento podemos apontar a crítica da dialética em sua insuficiência como método para refletir sobre a diferença (Deleuze) e a reafirmação da dialética em seus potenciais negativos de confrontação entre o objeto e seu conceito (Adorno). O presente artigo destina-se a refletir brevemente sobre as afinidades temáticas e as diferenças metodológicas entre o pensamento desses dois autores.
¿Egocentrismo o altruismo en la adolescencia? Un estudio empírico sobre los estudiantes de colegios Waldorf, cristianos y públicos
Authors: Föller-Mancini Axel , Heusser Peter , Büssing Arndt
Published: July 2015

Este artículo presenta una síntesis de un estudio sobre los posicionamientos egocéntricos en la adolescencia realizado en tres contextos escolares diferentes. El análisis permitió determinar que el posicionamiento egocéntrico puede ser mejor determinado a través de dos predictores: el sentido del propio bienestar (eudemonismo) y la convicción de que "la lástima ajena previene tomar iniciativas propias". Estos dos factores fueron correlacionados con la satisfacción del contexto escolar específico, la orientación espiritual y la idea de ayudar a otros. Los posicionamientos y los ideales éticos difieren entre los estudiantes de los tres contextos escolares: colegios Waldorf, colegios cristianos y colegios estatales. Los resultados confirman que la tendencia egocéntrica fue significativamente inferior en el grupo femenino de adolescentes. Este artículo invita a reflexionar sobre el papel que juega el contexto escolar en el proceso de desarrollo de la etapa adolescente a la adulta de los estudiantes.
Assessment of the Use of Negative Polarity in Double-Wire MIG/MAG-Welding Filling Passes
Authors: Mishchenko Andrii , Caimacan Dumitru , Scotti Américo
Published: July 2015

The aim of this work was to evaluate the use of negative polarity in the trail wire in double-wire MIG/MAG-welding filling passes. A comparative study of the conventional technique (two wires working with pulsed DCEP) and the proposed combinations of pulsed DCEP in the lead wire with pulsed DCEN in the trail wire and pulsed DCEP in the lead wire with controlled short-circuit CSC(-) in the trail wire was carried out. The mean current in each wire and the ratio of travel speed to wire feed rate (for the same bead volume per unit weld length), as well as wire type and size, shielding gas composition and joint type (a butt joint in a flat position), were kept constant. Bead surface finish and geometry, deposition efficiency and maximum travel speed for each combination were evaluated. In conclusion, the use of negative polarity in the trail wire increased the deposition rate (higher travel speeds for the same bead) compared with the use of pulsed DCEP in both wires but at the cost of reduced operational robustness, as the conventional technique allowed a sound bead to be produced over a wider range of travel speeds. In addition, beads welded using negative polarity had smaller fusion zones and narrower heat-affected zones but higher convexities.
Transformaciones Microestructurales en Soldaduras Disímiles de Acero Inoxidable Austenítico con Acero Inoxidable Ferrítico
Authors: Aguilar-Sierra Sara María , Serna-Giraldo Claudia Patricia , Aristizábal-Sierra Ricardo Emilio
Published: July 2015

En este trabajo se estudian los fenómenos metalúrgicos que ocurren en la soldadura SMAW de un acero inoxidable ferrítico AISI 430 con un acero inoxidable austenítico AISI 316L. Para el estudio se utilizaron dos tipos de electrodos: austenítico AWS E309L y dúplex AWS E2209-16, ambos con un diámetro de 3,2 mm. Las uniones soldadas se realizaron con un solo pase y se variaron simultáneamente la corriente y la velocidad de soldadura; las condiciones fueron 49 A y 2,4 mm.s–1como valores bajos y 107 A y 4,3 mm.s–1como valores altos. Se evaluó la influencia del tipo de electrodo y de los parámetros de soldadura en la evolución microestructural de las zonas afectadas por el calor y de las zonas de fusión, encontrando diferencias en la morfología y cantidad de ferrita delta para todas las condiciones estudiadas. Se evidenció crecimiento y refinación de grano ferrítico y formación de martensita en la zona afectada por el calor del metal base ferrítico. Se evaluó también la resistencia a la tensión hallando similitudes en todas las soldaduras.
Metodologia Não Destrutiva de Parametrização da Queima do Zinco no Processo de Soldagem a Ponto por Resistência
Authors: Baldim Adriano Cássio , Costa Sebastião Carlos da , Aguiar Thairone Conti Serafini
Published: July 2015

Os aços galvanizados são utilizados em grande número, principalmente nas indústrias automotivas, pela sua resistência à corrosão e baixo custo. A soldagem destes materiais, neste setor industrial, normalmente é realizada através do processo de soldagem a ponto. Em função dos aços galvanizados apresentarem uma camada de cobertura à base de zinco, normalmente utiliza-se durante soldagem, uma técnica denominada burn zinc (queima do zinco), para minimizar os efeitos prejudiciais do zinco neste material, durante o ciclo de soldagem. Neste contexto, este trabalho estudou um método não destrutivo, com o objetivo de encontrar uma adequada remoção desta camada de zinco, considerando para isto, os sinais gerados por um sensor que registra o deslocamento do eletrodo durante as fases do processo de solda a ponto, utilizando como base a leitura da expansão térmica da chapa de aço galvanizado. Assim, experimentos de simulação física foram feitos, variando a corrente e o tempo de ciclo da fase de preaquecimento. As respostas de burn zinc geradas pelo sensor e as análises visuais por atributo, foram mostradas em gráficos através de um envelope operacional. Evidências mostraram que o sinal de deslocamento do eletrodo, mostrou ser um eficiente método não destrutivo para a determinação de parâmetros adequados de burn zinc no processo de solda a ponto para chapas de aço galvanizadas.
Reciclagem de Cavacos de Titânio para a Deposição de Revestimentos Duros por Soldagem
Authors: Fagundes Júnior José Gedael , Ventrella Vicente Afonso , Gallego Juno
Published: July 2015

O titânio é um metal nobre e possui excelentes propriedades biomecânicas, podendo assim ser plenamente aceito pelo organismo humano. A grande demanda na utilização de implantes dentários, fabricados a partir de ligas de titânio traz consigo um aumento significativo na geração de resíduos (cavacos), resultantes dos processos de usinagem empregados. Com o objetivo de reduzir os impactos ambientais, soluções alternativas para a reutilização de tais resíduos têm sido estudadas. O carboneto de titânio (TiC) possui elevada dureza, o que potencialmente permitiria a sua utilização como reforço em revestimentos antidesgaste aplicados em equipamentos das indústrias sucroalcooleira e mineradoras. Neste trabalho cavacos de ligas a base de titânio foram processados e utilizados como matéria prima para a fabricação de consumíveis experimentais de soldagem. Cordões de solda foram produzidos sobre amostras de aço-carbono por soldagem a arco elétrico com proteção gasosa e eletrodo de tungstênio (tradução do termo inglês GTAW). A caracterização microestrutural do metal de solda foi realizada por MEV e difração de raios-X. O comportamento mecânico dos revestimentos foi analisado por meio de um ultramicrodurômetro digital. Verificou-se que a microestrutura do metal de solda era composta por partículas não prismáticas de alta dureza distribuídas em uma matriz ferrítica. Medidas feitas por microanálise EDS mostraram diferenças na concentração de titânio entre a matriz e as partículas duras, onde maiores teores deste elemento foram identificados. A análise cristalográfica confirmou que houve a formação de carbonetos de titânio envoltos por uma matriz de ferrita.