bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lethal domestic violence as a sequential process: Beyond the traditional regression approach to risk factors
Authors: Gnisci Augusto , Pace Antonio
Published: March 2016

This contribution conducts a critical review of the many features of the traditional regression approach to domestic violence that implies a target variable (intimate partner femicide) and multiple predictors. Based on conceptual, theoretical, methodological and statistical considerations, this analysis, first, addresses the issue of how the risk factors can be properly organized; second, it claims that what are currently regarded as the independent variables might have numerous different explanatory roles, making reference to direct, indirect, mediated or moderated models, as well as to the facilitating and suppressing effect of variables; finally, the article introduces the concept of sequential behavioural patterns. Assuming that the build-up to partner femicide (PF) is a dynamic process, the analysis cautions against ignoring the sequence through which the different moves among the actors actually take place. The same events occurring in a different order may result in entirely different outcomes. This contribution is essentially theoretical, implementing worked examples from literature on risk factors and femicide. Implications for researchers and operators in the field of PF are underlined.
The Accounting Treatment of Goodwill, Idiosyncratic Risk, and Market Pricing
Authors: Kimbro Marinilka B. , Xu Danielle
Published: March 2016

We study the relationship between goodwill and future returns by considering how the information content of goodwill before and after Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) 142 affects idiosyncratic return volatility ( IVOL). Contrary to expectations, previous research has documented that stocks with high IVOL have low future returns ( IVOL anomaly). We build on research that shows that high IVOL is a function of low information on future earnings and define goodwill as a growth option that could be priced through IVOL. Our results show that, during the goodwill amortization period, IVOL is high and the IVOL anomaly is strong. In contrast, nonamortized and tested for impairment goodwill is informative and corrects the IVOL anomaly. We find evidence that SFAS 142’s recognition of goodwill as an asset with indefinite useful life results in value-relevant information about firm growth options and future earnings, thus reducing IVOL, eliminating the IVOL anomaly, and creating an environment of more efficient market pricing of risk.
Calibrating Parameters for Microsimulation Disease Models
Authors: van der Steen Alex , van Rosmalen Joost , Kroep Sonja , van Hees Frank , Steyerberg Ewout W. , de Koning Harry J. , van Ballegooijen Marjolein , Lansdorp-Vogelaar Iris
Published: March 2016

Background. Calibration (estimation of model parameters) compares model outcomes with observed outcomes and explores possible model parameter values to identify the set of values that provides the best fit to the data. The goodness-of-fit (GOF) criterion quantifies the difference between model and observed outcomes. There is no consensus on the most appropriate GOF criterion, because a direct performance comparison of GOF criteria in model calibration is lacking. Methods. We systematically compared the performance of commonly used GOF criteria (sum of squared errors [SSE], Pearson chi-square, and a likelihood-based approach [Poisson and/or binomial deviance functions]) in the calibration of selected parameters of the MISCAN-Colon microsimulation model for colorectal cancer. The performance of each GOF criterion was assessed by comparing the 1) root mean squared prediction error (RMSPE) of the selected parameters, 2) computation time of the calibration procedure of various calibration scenarios, and 3) impact on estimated cost-effectiveness ratios. Results. The likelihood-based deviance resulted in the lowest RMSPE in 4 of 6 calibration scenarios and was close to best in the other 2. The SSE had a 25 times higher RMSPE in a scenario with considerable differences in the values of observed outcomes, whereas the Pearson chi-square had a 60 times higher RMSPE in a scenario with multiple studies measuring the same outcome. In all scenarios, the SSE required the most computation time. The likelihood-based approach estimated the cost-effectiveness ratio most accurately (up to −0.15% relative difference versus 0.44% [SSE] and 13% [Pearson chi-square]). Conclusions. The likelihood-based deviance criteria lead to accurate estimation of parameters under various circumstances. These criteria are recommended for calibration in microsimulation disease models in contrast with other commonly used criteria.
Wisdom's Imagination: Moral Reasoning and the Book of Proverbs
Authors: Stewart Anne W.
Published: March 2016

A common assumption about Israelite wisdom literature is the presumed naïveté, simplicity, or rigidity of the worldview represented by Proverbs, especially in contrast to other Israelite wisdom books. This article argues that, to the contrary, Proverbs evidences a richly imaginative character of moral reasoning that points to a fairly complex understanding of the moral world. Informed by the work of cognitive linguist Mark Johnson, this study explores several aspects of the pedagogy of imagination in the book, including the use of cognitive prototypes and metaphor, and it discusses how these tropes function as structures of moral reasoning. Further, this article considers the implications of these elements for the book's implicit view of the moral world, as well as its pedagogical goal of training the young in wisdom.
Law Code as Plot Template in Biblical Narrative (1 Kings 9.26–11.13; Joshua 2.9–13)
Authors: Berman Joshua
Published: March 2016

This article explores a particular fashion through which biblical narrative in the so-called Deuteronomistic History employs legal passages toward rhetorical ends: the narrative references a legal text and uses its language, laws and motifs as a template through which to compose a homiletic tale. Invoking a phrase from a legal passage, the text calls upon us to read the narrative in light of that passage as a whole. 1 Kings 9.26–11.13 engages the whole text of the law of the king (Deut. 17.14–20) to describe Solomon's downfall, in a more thorough way than has heretofore been recognized. Rahab's soliloquy in Josh. 2.9–13 employs a tight weave of references to the first commandments of the Decalogue, demonstrating that she is worthy of being spared. In each, the law is extracted from its original focus and emerges within a new configuration of meaning.
Is Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Effective in Preventing Secondary Meniscal Tears and Osteoarthritis?
Authors: Sanders Thomas L. , Kremers Hilal Maradit , Bryan Andrew J. , Fruth Kristin M. , Larson Dirk R. , Pareek Ayoosh , Levy Bruce A. , Stuart Michael J. , Dahm Diane L. , Krych Aaron J.
Published: March 2016

Background:

Reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears may potentially prevent the development of secondary meniscal injuries and arthritis.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this study was to (1) evaluate the protective benefit of ACL reconstruction (ACLR) in preventing subsequent meniscal tears or arthritis, (2) determine if earlier ACLR (<1 year after injury) offers greater protective benefits than delayed reconstruction (≥1 year after injury), and (3) evaluate factors predictive of long-term sequelae after ACLR. The hypothesis was that the incidence of secondary meniscal tears, arthritis, and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) would be higher in patients treated nonoperatively after ACL tears than patients treated with surgical reconstruction.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

This retrospective study included a population-based incidence cohort of 964 patients with new-onset, isolated ACL tears between 1990 and 2000 as well as an age- and sex-matched cohort of 964 patients without ACL tears. A chart review was performed to collect information related to the initial injury, treatment, and outcomes. A total of 509 patients were treated with early ACLR, 91 with delayed ACLR, and 364 nonoperatively. All patients were retrospectively followed (range, 2 months to 25 years) to determine the development of subsequent meniscal tears, arthritis, or TKA.

Results:

At a mean follow-up of 13.7 years, patients treated nonoperatively after ACL tears had a significantly higher likelihood of developing a secondary meniscal tear (hazard ratio [HR], 5.4; 95% CI, 3.8-7.6), being diagnosed with arthritis (HR, 6.0; 95% CI, 4.3-8.4), and undergoing TKA (HR, 16.7; 95% CI, 5.0-55.2) compared with patients treated with ACLR. Similarly, patients treated with delayed ACLR had a higher likelihood of developing a secondary meniscal tear (HR, 3.9; 95% CI, 2.2-6.9) and being diagnosed with arthritis (HR, 6.2; 95% CI, 3.4-11.4) compared with patients treated with early ACLR. Age >21 years at the time of injury, articular cartilage damage, and medial/lateral meniscal tears were predictive of arthritis after ACLR.

Conclusion:

Patients treated with ACLR have a significantly lower risk of secondary meniscal tears, symptomatic arthritis, and TKA when compared with patients treated nonoperatively after ACL tears. Similarly, early ACLR significantly reduces the risk of subsequent meniscal tears and arthritis compared with delayed ACLR.
Longitudinal Effects of Sexual Assault Victims’ Drinking and Self-Blame on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Peter-Hagene Liana C. , Ullman Sarah E.
Published: March 2016

Alcohol plays a major role in sexual assaults, but few studies have examined its impact on recovery outcomes, particularly in longitudinal studies. In a longitudinal study of 1,013 adult sexual assault survivors, we investigated the effects of victim drinking on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), as well as the mediating role of characterological and behavioral self-blame attributions. In line with some prior research, victims who were drinking before their assault experienced less PTSD, but more self-blame than those who were not. Characterological, but not behavioral self-blame was related to increased PTSD symptoms. Thus, although drinking was overall related to less PTSD, it was also associated with increased PTSD via self-blame attributions, highlighting the danger of blaming victims of alcohol-related rapes for their assaults. Implications for future research and clinical work with survivors of alcohol-related sexual assaults are drawn.
Exploring Workforce Participation Patterns and Chronic Diseases Among Middle-Aged Australian Men and Women Over the Life Course
Authors: Majeed Tazeen , Forder Peta M. , Mishra Gita , Kendig Hal , Byles Julie E.
Published: March 2016

Objective: This study identified associations between chronic diseases (diabetes, asthma, depression, and arthritis) and workforce participation patterns with a gendered perspective. Method: We used data from 1,261 middle-aged participants of the Australian Life Histories and Health (LHH) Survey, aged 60 to 64 years in 2011. Latent class analysis identified dominant workforce patterns and associations between chronic diseases and these patterns were explored by multinomial regression models. Results: Diabetes, asthma, depression, and arthritis were less prevalent in men and women in class “mostly full-time work,” compared with other workforce patterns. The odds of “mostly full-time work” were lower for men reporting depression or arthritis, whereas among women, depression was associated with “increasing part-time work” after adjusting early and adult life factors. Discussion: The results strengthen the importance of gender focused policies aimed to promote and preserve health of young and middle-aged workers, and creating supportive environment for those with chronic health issues over the life course.
Raphael the Savior: Tobit's Adaptation of the Angel of the Lord Tradition
Authors: Muñoa Phillip
Published: March 2016

Attention has been given in recent scholarship to Tobit's use of Israel's angel tradition in its depiction of Raphael, but the exodus account and the role of the angel of the Lord has been overlooked. This article argues that Tobit adapts that account to depict a ‘micro’ exodus with a ground-breaking portrayal of the angel of the Lord who condescends as an Israelite to deliver suffering exiles. In doing so, Tobit bears witness to a belief in a condescending heavenly savior that is found in several other texts of Second Temple Judaism.
Kinematic design and optimization of a novel dual-orthogonal remote center-of-motion mechanism for craniotomy
Authors: Li Gao-Kuei , Essomba Terence , Wu Chieh-Tsai , Lee Shih-Tseng , Kuo Chin-Hsing
Published: March 2016

Craniotomy is an essential neurosurgical procedure to remove a section of patient’s skull. In order to do this, the surgical tools need to execute a one-degree-of-freedom skull drilling followed by a two-degrees-of-freedom skull cutting. Particularly, this two-degrees-of-freedom skull cutting motion can be treated as a pivot rotation ideally. Therefore, the craniotomy tool motion is equivalent to a remote center-of-motion (RCM), which is renowned in surgical robotics. In this paper, we proposed a novel hybrid RCM mechanism for robotic craniotomy. The mechanism is made of two orthogonal parallelogram-based linkages, which make the two rotational degrees-of-freedom decoupled. We also studied the position and differential kinematics of this new architecture and analyzed its potential singular configurations. We then set the local and global kinematic performance indices for obtaining the optimal mechanism dimensions. Finally, according to the optimization result, we created a mechanical prototype to verify the motion of the designed mechanism.
Analysis of a retrieved squeaking ceramic-on-ceramic hip arthroplasty bearing
Authors: Sidebottom Mark , Allan D Gordon , Paliwal Manish
Published: March 2016

Ceramic-on-ceramic bearings in total hip replacements have shown superior wear performance compared to other material couples. However, 1–10% of patients have reported squeaking with the use of ceramic-on-ceramic bearings. A ceramic-on-ceramic bearing was retrieved from a patient after 4.5 years in service secondary to squeaking. The explant was analyzed to investigate the possible factors attributing to the hip squeak utilizing acoustic analysis, visual inspection, modal analysis, random vibration analysis, and mathematical modeling. Random vibration analysis of the parts of the implant showed that boundary conditions along the metallic shell play an important role in squeal occurrence. The implant also showed the evidence of material transfer. Using the results of modal analysis, a 2-degree of freedom friction model demonstrated the influence of third body material transfer on the stability of the system to be an important factor in squeaking. The mathematical parametric analysis showed that a larger mass creates more instability, and hence more noise and vibration. Increased stiffness of the shell proved to stabilize the system for most loading conditions. Limit-cycle plots showed a definite change in the system behavior but stability was maintained through a significant increase in contact stiffness.
Failure rate analysis of jaw crusher using Weibull model
Authors: Sinha RS , Mukhopadhyay AK
Published: March 2016

The primary crusher is essential equipment employed for comminuting the mineral in processing plants. Any kind of failure of its components will accordingly hinder the performance of the plant. Therefore, to minimize sudden failures, analysis should be undertaken to improve performance and operational reliability of the crushers and its components. This paper considers the methods for analyzing failure rates of a jaw crusher and its critical components application of a two-parameter Weibull distribution in a mineral processing plant fitted using statistical tests such as goodness of fit and maximum likelihood estimation. Monte Carlo simulation, analysis of variance, and artificial neural network are also applied. Two-parameter Weibull distribution is found to be the best fit distribution using Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Maximum likelihood estimation method is used to find out the shape and scale parameter of two-parameter Weibull distribution. Monte Carlo simulation generates 40 numbers of shape parameters, scale parameters, and time. Further, 40 numbers of Weibull distribution parameters are evaluated to examine the failure rate, significant difference, and regression coefficient using ANOVA. Artificial neural network with back-propagation algorithm is used to determine R2 and is compared with analysis of variance.
Collective learning in social fields: Bourdieu, Habermas and critical discourse studies
Authors: Forchtner Bernhard , Schneickert Christian
Published: March 2016

As societies have become increasingly differentiated and discourses have turned increasingly heterogeneous, field theory and critical discourse studies (CDS) have become ever more popular in the social sciences. Responding to this development, we propose a synthesis of Pierre Bourdieu’s field theory and theories of collective learning inspired by Jürgen Habermas. Embedding this exploration within the framework of the discourse-historical approach (DHA) in CDS, we elaborate on how such a synthesis might look like by discussing the two traditions both vis-a-vis each other and vis-a-vis their current reception in the DHA. This synthesis is, finally, illustrated through the analysis of four types of blocked learning, four ways in which actual semiosis might block collective learning processes.
Explanation and the “brain sciences”
Authors: Robinson Daniel N.
Published: March 2016

The new orthodoxy in much of contemporary psychology would have progress and theoretical development increasingly dependent on technologies designed to reveal aspects of central nervous system function. The goal (by now a rather superannuated one) is to replace an allegedly primitive “folk psychology” with direct assessments of the allegedly causal processes by which the contents of folk psychology are generated. There are, however, cogent arguments to the effect that this rationale is both flawed and operating in the wrong direction.
Love-type wave propagation in a corrugated piezoelectric structure
Authors: Singh Abhishek Kumar , Parween Zeenat , Kumar Santan
Published: March 2016

This study delves into the propagation of Love-type wave in a corrugated piezoelectric layer overlying an isotropic elastic half-space. The expression of dispersion relation has been established in a closed form for both the cases of electrically open condition and electrically short condition. The pronounced effect of various affecting parameters, namely wave number, corrugation parameter of upper boundary surface, corrugation parameter of common interface between the layer and the half-space, piezoelectric constant and dielectric constant of corrugated piezoelectric layer, undulation parameter and position parameter on the phase velocity of Love-type wave, has been remarkably traced out. In order to observe the prominent effect of these affecting parameters on the phase velocity of Love-type wave, numerical computation and graphical demonstration have been accomplished for specific type of corrugated boundary surfaces present in the layer. Moreover, comparative study has been wrapped up to reveal the latent characteristics of the problem by means of graphical illustrations for both the cases of electrically open and electrically short conditions. As a special case of the problem, it is observed that procured dispersion relation for both the cases of electrically open condition and electrically short condition is in well agreement with the classical Love wave equation.
Occupational Hazards in the Thai Healthcare Sector
Authors: Tipayamongkholgul Mathuros , Luksamijarulkul Pipat , Mawn Barbara , Kongtip Pornpimol , Woskie Susan
Published: March 2016

Healthcare personnel work in vulnerable conditions that can adversely impact physical and/or mental health. This paper aims to synthesize the state of knowledge on work-related illnesses, injuries, and risks experienced by Thai healthcare workers. We found that Thai healthcare personnel, like others worldwide, are at risk for injury related to needle sticks and sharp instruments; infectious diseases due to biological hazards exposure such as airborne pathogens and patient secretions; muscle pain due to workload and long duration of work; and psychological disorders related to stressful working conditions. Because detailed surveillance data are limited for the Thai healthcare workforce, we recommend that additional surveillance data on Thai healthcare workers’ health outcomes be collected. Future research efforts should also focus on evidence-based interventions in order to develop methods to prevent and treat occupational health injuries and illnesses acquired in the workplace for Thai healthcare sector workers.
Worker Alienation and Compensation at the Savannah River Site
Authors: Ashwood Loka , Wing Steve
Published: March 2016

Corporations operating U.S. nuclear weapons plants for the federal government began tracking occupational exposures to ionizing radiation in 1943. However, workers, scholars, and policy makers have questioned the accuracy and completeness of radiation monitoring and its capacity to provide a basis for workers’ compensation. We use interviews to explore the limitations of broad-scale, corporate epidemiological surveillance through worker accounts from the Savannah River Site nuclear weapons plant. Interviewees report inadequate monitoring, overbearing surveillance, limited venues to access medical support and exposure records, and administrative failure to report radiation and other exposures at the plant. The alienation of workers from their records and toil is relevant to worker compensation programs and the accuracy of radiation dose measurements used in epidemiologic studies of occupational radiation exposures at the Savannah River Site and other weapons plants.
From enactive phenomenology to biosemiotic enactivism
Authors: De Jesus Paulo
Published: March 2016

Autopoietic enactivism (AE) is a relatively young but increasingly influential approach within embodied cognitive science, which aims to offer a viable alternative framework to mainstream cognitivism. Similarly, in biology, the nascent field of biosemiotics has steadily been developing an increasingly influential alternative framework to mainstream biology. Despite sharing common objectives and clear theoretical overlap, there has to date been little to no exchange between the two fields. This paper takes this under-appreciated overlap as not only a much needed call to begin building bridges between the two areas but also as an opportunity to explore how AE could benefit from biosemiotics. As a first tentative step towards this end, the paper will draw from both fields to develop a novel synthesis – biosemiotic enactivism – which aims to clarify, develop and ultimately strengthen some key AE concepts. The paper has two main goals: (i) to propose a novel conception of cognition that could contribute to the ongoing theoretical developments of AE and (ii) to introduce some concepts and ideas from biosemiotics to the enactive community in order to stimulate further debate across the two fields.
Discharge Diuretic Dose and 30-Day Readmission Rate in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure
Authors: Woodruff Ashley E. , Kelley Ashley M. , Hempel Carolyn A. , Loeffler William J. , Echtenkamp Christine A. , Hassan Amany K.
Published: March 2016

Background: Loop diuretics play a crucial role in symptom management in patients with fluid overload. There is a paucity of data regarding optimal diuretic dose at hospital discharge for acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) patients requiring loop diuretics. Objective: To compare all-cause 30-day readmission in ADHF patients on chronic loop diuretics who had an increase in loop diuretic dose at discharge (relative to their preadmission dose) with patients without a change or a decrease in loop diuretic dose at discharge. Methods: This was a multicenter, retrospective cohort study. Institutional review board approval was obtained. Patients admitted with a primary discharge diagnosis of heart failure, evidence of fluid overload, and reduced ejection fraction were included. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on total daily loop diuretic dose at discharge: those discharged on an increased dose and those discharged on a dose less than or equal to their preadmission dose. Results: A total of 131 patient admissions met inclusion criteria; 50 had an increase in loop diuretic dose at discharge, and 81 were discharged with no change or a decrease in diuretic dose. Patients in the increased dose group had an all-cause 30-day readmission rate of 20% compared with 38% of patients with no change or a decrease in diuretic dose (adjusted odds ratio = 0.320; 95% CI = 0.117-0.873). Conclusion: In patients admitted for ADHF with reduced ejection fraction and evidence of fluid overload, an increase in loop diuretic dose at discharge was associated with a reduced rate of 30-day hospital readmission.
Under Surveillance
Authors: Stoycheff Elizabeth
Published: March 2016

Since Edward Snowden exposed the National Security Agency’s use of controversial online surveillance programs in 2013, there has been widespread speculation about the potentially deleterious effects of online government monitoring. This study explores how perceptions and justification of surveillance practices may create a chilling effect on democratic discourse by stifling the expression of minority political views. Using a spiral of silence theoretical framework, knowing one is subject to surveillance and accepting such surveillance as necessary act as moderating agents in the relationship between one’s perceived climate of opinion and willingness to voice opinions online. Theoretical and normative implications are discussed.
Reflections on Place Matters
Authors: Swanstrom Todd
Published: March 2016

On the occasion of the publication of the 3rd edition, one of the authors of Place Matters reflects on the tensions in the arguments of the book and how it has been variously received by scholars. After addressing the question of whether we know enough about place effects to use them to guide public policy, he responds to the criticism that efforts to reduce concentrated poverty actually harm the poor, reflects on the interplay of race and class, and examines the political obstacles in the way of regional reforms. We know what needs to be done, he argues; what is missing is the political will to do it.
Do Toxic Synergies of Underlying Etiologies Predispose the Positive Association Between Traumatic Brain Injury and ADHD?
Authors: Fluegge Keith
Published: March 2016

Objective: In their meta-analysis, Adeyemo et al. reported a strong association between mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and ADHD. However, less is understood about why such an association exists. Method: This commentary focuses on the underlying etiologies of both conditions to reveal potential toxic synergisms that could explain this association. Results: Alcohol and substance abuse are recognized comorbidities in both conditions. The author of this commentary has recently been the first to propose that chronic exposure to nitrous oxide (N2O), an increasing environmental air pollutant and greenhouse gas, may contribute to the cognitive impairment seen in conditions such as ADHD and autism. The toxic synergisms from combined GABA-mimetics, such as ethanol, and nontoxic N2O exposure have been previously elucidated and are further contextualized here. Conclusion: The conclusion of this commentary is that the toxicological interdependence of the underlying etiologies for mTBI and ADHD may help to explain their association as found in the meta-analysis conducted by Adeyemo et al. This commentary explores this dynamic further and, in so doing, underscores the need for additional research to validate these important conclusions.
Understanding the role of family dynamics, perceived norms, and lung cancer worry in predicting second-hand smoke avoidance among high-risk lung cancer families
Authors: Manning Mark , Wojda Mark , Hamel Lauren , Salkowski Alicia , Schwartz Ann G , Harper Felicity WK
Published: March 2016

Reducing exposure to environmental tobacco smoke significantly reduces lung cancer risk. We used family communication patterns theory and the theory of planned behavior to examine whether perceived norms and lung cancer worry more strongly influenced intentions to avoid environmental tobacco smoke in families higher in conformity and conversation orientations. Results from 52 individuals in 17 high-risk lung cancer families showed injunctive norms were positively related to intentions when families conformed and conversed more. Lung cancer worry was positively related to intentions in high conformity families and negatively related to intentions in low conformity families. Findings can benefit interventions to reduce environmental tobacco smoke exposure.
A method for evaluating earthquake-induced structural damage based on displacement and hysteretic energy
Authors: Wang F , Li HN , Zhang N
Published: March 2016

Rather than viewing earthquake-induced structural damage as a single index of maximal deformation, it can be viewed as a combination of two indices, that is, the deformation demand and dissipation of energy. A method for evaluating the earthquake-induced damage of multi-storey buildings is presented that considers the maximal storey drift and the storey hysteretic energy. In this method, the maximal storey drift is estimated by means of the strength reduction factor spectrum, pushover analysis and distribution formula of deformation along structural storeys, which is based on the modal decomposition hypothesis in the nonlinear response stage of structures. For estimating the storey hysteretic energy demand, the normalized hysteretic energy spectrum of constant ductility factors is established, where the normalized hysteretic energy is defined as the ratio of the hysteretic energy to the square of the peak ground acceleration, and the formula for the distribution of hysteretic energy along structural storeys is derived based on the relation of the simplified internal forces of structures. For demonstrating the process of the proposed method and verifying its accuracy, an example is implemented, and the analysis results of the example indicate the following: (1) the method proposed in this article is a simple and easily implemented method for evaluating the structural damage induced by earthquakes and (2) the distribution formulas of the maximal drift and hysteretic energy along structural storeys derived in this article are relatively accurate.
Multiple random-error effect analysis of cable length and tension of cable–strut tensile structure
Authors: Luo B , Sun Y , Guo ZX , Pan Haitao
Published: March 2016

Cable–strut tensile structure is composed of tensile cables and compressive struts; its prestressed forming state is obviously influenced by cable length and tension force, so the key control objects of construction are active forces of tensioned cables, lengths of passively tensioned cables, and outer node coordinates. Error effect analysis is required to obtain rational control indexes. The method of multiple random-error effect analysis including errors of the above three control objects is proposed and described in the text: (1) outer node coordinate errors along the linked cables are regarded as additional length errors of outer linked cables; (2) random cable length errors and tension errors based on probability distribution are introduced into error analysis cases by modifying initial strains of cables; and (3) for avoiding the interaction between passive cable length errors and active cable tension errors, elastic modulus of active cables is modified to small values. According to the statistics of measured cable lengths, cable length errors may not be complied with normal distribution. Therefore, the M-shaped probability distribution is proposed, and derivations of probability density function, cumulative distribution function, and its inverse function are carried out, by which calculated random cable length error distribution is comparatively consistent with measured errors. Taking Yueqing Stadium, a wheel-spoke cable truss with crescent shape, as an example, multiple error analysis including passive cable length errors of M-shaped probability distribution, outer node coordinate errors, and active tension errors of normal distribution is carried out. Some useful conclusions and construction control indexes are obtained.
Laparoscopic Wide Mesocolic Excision and Central Vascular Ligation for Carcinoma of the Colon
Authors: Ehrlich A. , Kairaluoma M. , Böhm J. , Vasala K. , Kautiainen H. , Kellokumpu I.
Published: March 2016

Background and Aims:

The principle of complete mesocolic excision for colon cancer has been introduced to improve oncologic outcome. However, this approach is scantily discussed for laparoscopic surgery and there is a lack of randomized trials. This study examined oncologic and clinical outcome after laparoscopic wide mesocolic excision and central vascular ligation for colon cancer.

Material and Methods:

This is a review of prospectively gathered data from a single-institution colorectal cancer database. This study was conducted in the Central Hospital of Central Finland. From January 2003 to December 2011, 222 patients underwent laparoscopic colonic resections with wide mesocolic excision and central vascular ligation in the multimodal setting. The main measures of outcome were cancer recurrence and survival, with early recovery, 30d-mortality and morbidity, reoperation, readmission, and late complications as secondary outcomes.

Results:

The median follow-up was 5.5 (interquartile range (IQR) = 3.7–8.0) years. The 5-year overall survival for all 222 patients was 80.2% and disease-specific survival was 87.5%, and for those 210 R0-patients with stage I–III disease, 83.9% and 91.3%, respectively. The 5-year disease-free survival was 85.8%: stage I was 94.7%, stage II was 90.8%, and stage III was 75.6% ( p = 0.004). Increasing lymph node ratio significantly decreased the 5-year disease-free survival. Conversion rate to open surgery was 12.2%. Thirty-day mortality was 1.3% and morbidity, 19.7%. Median postoperative hospital stay was 5 (IQR = 3–7) days.

Conclusion:

Laparoscopic wide mesocolic excision and central vascular ligation for colon cancer resulted in good long-term oncologic outcome. Randomized trials are needed to show that laparoscopic complete mesocolic excision technique would become the standard of care for the carcinoma of the colon.
Modelling of nonlinear hunting instability for a high-speed railway vehicle equipped by hollow worn wheels
Authors: Alizadeh Kaklar J , Ghajar R , Tavakkoli H
Published: March 2016

One of the reasons for frequent vibrations of coaches and hunting instability are hollow worn wheels. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of the wheel surface hollowing on the inconstancy and vibrations of a wagon. Considering the nonlinearity of the hollow surface, as well as both single and double point wheel-rail contacts are the significant points of this study. In order to do this, 800 wheel profiles of 100 coaches were measured in a controlled manner in a period of six months as an infield study. Statistical methods were used to categorize the measured hollow wheel profiles and select eight of the most observed ones. Then, a nonlinear mathematical model of a high-speed railway vehicle with 21 degrees of freedom was used for dynamic analysis of a wagon equipped by the hollow worn wheels on a tangent track. In order to model the effect of hollowing on the dynamic behaviour of the vehicle, the nonlinearity of wheel profile was taken into account. Also, both single and double point wheel-rail contacts were considered for accurate modelling of the wheel-rail interaction forces. Based on the results of the study, the tread hollowing must be considered as an independent dimensional parameter in periodic inspections. Also, it was concluded that worn wheels should be inspected regularly and re-profiled before their false flanges exceed a limit of 2 mm, in order to prevent the hunting phenomenon, and ensure being away from derailment of a passenger railway vehicle. Validation of the mathematical modelling was performed through the modelling of vehicle in ADAMS/Rail and comparing the results.
High cycle fatigue behavior of Al1070 alloy severely deformed by equal channel angular pressing process
Authors: Limooei Mohammad Bagher , Zandrahimi Morteza , Ebrahimi Ramin
Published: March 2016

In the present work, equal channel angular pressing of commercial pure aluminum 1070 was performed up to 4 passes using route Bc. For equal channel angular pressing operation, a suitable die set was designed and manufactured. X-ray diffraction analysis was used to determine the microstructure of the equal channel angular pressing-ed material. The fracture surface morphology and microstructure after fatigue were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. Mechanical properties of the equal channel angular pressing-ed material were evaluated by hardness and tension tests. Also, cyclic deformation behavior of severe plastic deformation Al1070 has been studied and results show a significant variation in hardness, ultimate strength and fatigue properties in high cycle fatigue life. Coefficient of fatigue strength σ′f and Bridgman correction factor have been obtained by S-N curve and tension test specimens, respectively, and compared before and after equal channel angular pressing process. Also an useful relation has been derived between fatigue life ( Nf) and stress amplitude ( σa) in high cycle fatigue region. Results indicated that there was not clear relation between fatigue strength coefficient and true corrected fracture stress in this case.
Hospitality employers’ perceptions of technology for sustainable development: The implications for graduate employability
Authors: Ali Alisha , Murphy Hilary Catherine , Nadkarni Sanjay
Published: March 2016

This paper investigates hospitality employers’ perspectives of two key interdisciplinary subjects, i.e. sustainable development and information technology in the context of hospitality education, particularly graduate employability. A qualitative approach is deployed at this stage of the research with semi-structured interviews conducted with employers of hospitality graduates that represent diverse stakeholders in the industry. Respondents had varying interpretations of the meaning of sustainable development and the role of technology in their businesses. Sustainability is not currently prioritised as a critical employability skill; however, employers clearly appreciate the value of sustainability for their business and recognise how technology might support sustainable development. This is the first effort to investigate employers’ perspectives of the interdisciplinary subjects of technology and sustainable development in hospitality management undergraduate education.
Sector distinctions and the privatization of public education policymaking
Authors: Lubienski Christopher
Published: March 2016

Current trends indicate declining distinctions between ‘public’ and ‘private’ sectors in education. Reformers see sector barriers as unnecessary impediments to innovation, distracting attention and effort from ‘what works’. This analysis questions whether trends in education policy are simply a natural evolution away from state control of public goods, noting the agency involved in blurring the boundaries between sectors. While the weakening of public and private distinctions is real and substantial, there are reasons for researchers and policymakers to rely on these distinctions in understanding education policy and policymaking, not so much as principles that should guide policymaking, but as means for analyzing competing interests, agendas, and beneficiaries of policies. In that respect, education policymaking itself is being privatized through a significant shift toward private interests in the making of public policy for public education. The analysis focuses on the central role that some private philanthropies play in shaping hybridized private–public policy networks in education policymaking.
The coming revolution in public services, and what it means for cities and universities
Authors: Konvitz Josef
Published: March 2016

Long-term demographic trends, combined with low productivity and pressure on public finances have set in place the preconditions for a major revolution in public services. Governments face new demands including for security which will lead to more centralization, but social and environmental services for a more complex society call for greater decentralization. There are no obvious or easy solutions. Strategic intelligence in universities will be at a premium. Institutions of higher education will have to generate research leading to innovation in public services, teach people working in the public sector, evaluate risks and good practices, and work collaboratively with other partners to strengthen communities. Because this policy-relevant agenda does not come easily to most academics, forward-looking universities will have to undergo significant change to remain relevant. They have every interest to do so because their well-being is tied up with that of the communities around them. The internationalization of university teaching and research should be an asset in this process in a world that is increasingly urbanized.
Regulation of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 expression in trigeminal ganglion neurons via methyl-CpG binding protein 2 signaling contributes tongue heat sensitivity and inflammatory hyperalgesia in mice
Authors: Suzuki Azumi , Shinoda Masamichi , Honda Kuniya , Shirakawa Tetsuro , Iwata Koichi
Published: March 2016

Background

Pain hypoalgesia has been reported in Rett syndrome patients, a severe neurodevelopmental disorder which can be attributed to mutations in the methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2). Here, we examined the role of MeCP2 signaling in tongue heat sensitivity in the normal and inflamed state using Mecp2 heterozygous (Mecp2+/−) mice.

Results

Heat hypoalgesia of the tongue occurred in Mecp2+/− mice and submucosal injection of complete Freund’s adjuvant into the tongue produced a long-lasting heat hyperalgesia at the inflamed site in wild-type mice but not in Mecp2+/− mice. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 was expressed in a large number of MeCP2-immunoreactive trigeminal ganglion neurons innervating the tongue in both wild-type and Mecp2+/− mice (70.9% in wild type; 72.1% in Mecp2+/−). The number of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1-immunoreactive trigeminal ganglion neurons innervating the tongue was smaller in Mecp2+/− mice relative to wild-type mice (30.5% in wild type; 20.2% in Mecp2+/−). Following complete Freund’s adjuvant injection, the number of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1- and MeCP2-immunoreactive trigeminal ganglion neurons innervating the tongue, as well as MeCP2 protein expression in trigeminal ganglion, was significantly increased in wild-type mice but not in Mecp2+/− mice. Additionally, tongue heat hyperalgesia following complete Freund’s adjuvant injection was completely suppressed by the administration of SB366791, a transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 antagonist, in the tongue.

Conclusions

These findings indicate that tongue heat sensitivity and hypersensitivity are dependent on the expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 which is regulated via MeCP2 signaling in trigeminal ganglion neurons innervating the tongue.
Patients’ perceptions and preferences of participation in nursing care
Authors: Kolovos Petros , Kaitelidou Daphne , Lemonidou Chrysoula , Sachlas Athanasios , Sourtzi Panayota
Published: March 2016

The aim of this study was to investigate patients’ perceptions and preferences of their participation in nursing care during hospitalisation in Greece. The sample consisted of medical and surgical patients ( n = 300). A questionnaire was developed to measure patients’ perception of participation, including an open question and the control preference scale. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for quantitative data analysis and content analysis for qualitative data. Participation was described as ‘information receiving and responsibility’ and ‘ability to influence’. One-third of the respondents preferred a collaborative role with the nurses, while 77.2% rationalised patient participation with the themes ‘strengthening patient’s role’, ‘improve hospitalisation’ and ‘collaborative relationship’. The meaning of participation seems to support shared information, patient responsibility and motivation during nursing care. Patients were aware of the positive effects of their involvement in care and were willing to assume, at least to some extent, an active role in their own care. Changes in nursing care organisation, nurses’ communication skills and additional educational strategies need to be developed and implemented in clinical practice to optimise patient participation.
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Balen Adam
Published: March 2016

Polycystic ovary syndrome is the most common endocrine disturbance to affect women, with approximately 10–15% of women experiencing this problem. It involves a spectrum of signs and symptoms, which include menstrual cycle disturbance and infertility, dermatological problems of acne and hirsutism (sometimes alopecia), and being overweight. The latter both aggravates the condition, and increases the risk for metabolic problems that lead to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Building Empirical Typologies with QCA
Authors: Büchel Florin , Humprecht Edda , Castro-Herrero Laia , Engesser Sven , Brüggemann Michael
Published: March 2016

Typologies are omnipresent both in everyday life as well as in the sciences. Epistemologically, there are several systematic ways to build typologies, such as qualitative, theory-based descriptions on one end and quantitative, exploratory statistical means on the other end of the spectrum. Both have their specific advantages and disadvantages, which can be bridged by applying set-theoretic methods, such as Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA). The contribution of this paper is substantial and methodological: First, we show how QCA can enhance our understanding of media systems by building a typology that draws on Hallin and Mancini’s framework. The main improvement of QCA is the ability to identify ideal types as well as border cases. In our analysis, we move beyond the widely discussed case of Great Britain and take a closer look at further border cases such as Austria, Belgium, France, the Netherlands, and Portugal. Second, QCA has been scarcely applied to build typologies and if so, only in neighboring disciplines. Thus, we aim at familiarizing comparative political communication scholars with this method.
New Frontiers in the Study of Color-Blind Racism
Authors: Burke Meghan A.
Published: March 2016

It is well established that the dominant ideological framework for discussing race in the contemporary United States is that of color blindness—that is, the notion that racial inequality is best understood as deriving from individual or cultural traits as opposed to systemic racism. This ideology permeates institutions and interpersonal interactions, thus upholding racial inequality. Although identifying this framework has been a crucial project for the study of contemporary racism, the scholarship has become stagnant, most often identifying the presence of the ideology or its central discursive frames without offering other important insights. It is time to return to our materialist roots in the discipline, recentering our studies of contemporary racism on the ways that individuals embedded in complex social relations make sense of race and racism beyond mere frame identification. Doing so will raise and begin to answer important questions about the complexity of modern racism and how we might best be able to challenge it.