bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proposition of an Energy Intake Estimating Scale through Item Response Theory
Authors: Silveira Victor Nogueira da Cruz , França Ana Karina Teixeira da Cunha , Campelo Cleber Lopes , Machado Patrícia Maria Abreu , Santos Alcione Miranda dos
Published: October 2023

Background: Traditional methods for assessing individual energy consumption often involve lengthy and intricate procedures. This study aims to introduce an Energy Consumption Estimation Scale, utilizing Item Response Theory (IRT) for adolescents aged 18–19 years. Methods: This psychometric investigation applies IRT to 93 items extracted from a validated food frequency questionnaire. The study encompasses a representative sample of 2515 adolescents from the São Luís birth cohort in Brazil. The latent trait, energy intake, is derived using IRT and subsequently validated through hierarchical multiple linear regression modeling. Significance was established at p < 0.05. Results: A Samejima’s model was successfully fitted (CFI and TLI > 0.9 and RMSEA < 0.08), effectively capturing variations across all energy consumption levels. Factors associated with the latent trait demonstrate consistent behavioral patterns. Adolescents with higher energy intake exhibited increased consumption of dairy products, artificially sweetened beverages, and seasonal fruits and vegetables. Conclusions: The proposed Energy Consumption Estimation Scale demonstrates a reliable measurement of energy intake and serves as a practical and concise alternative for assessing energy consumption among adolescents. These findings suggest the potential for adapting similar models for different age groups and incorporating diverse food items based on the obtained results.
Gallic Acid Treats Hypertrophic Scar in Rabbit Ears via the TGF-β/Smad and TRPC3 Signaling Pathways
Authors: Li Qiannan , Lyu Chunming , Chen Daqin , Cai Wanling , Kou Fang , Li Qiang , Wei Hai , Zhang Huimin
Published: October 2023

Hypertrophic scars (HSs) develop due to excessive collagen deposition and abnormal fibroblast proliferation during wound healing, significantly impacting patient quality of life. Three dosages of GA ointments were administered to rabbit ear HS models to investigate the potential efficacy and mechanism of gallic acid (GA) on HS. Daily application of ointment was performed on the matrix group, the GA ointment groups, and the silicone gel group for 28 days. (No drug treatment was performed on the skin and model groups as a blank group and vehicle group, and silicone gel ointment was topically administered to the silicone gel group as a positive control group.) Scar specimens were collected for histopathology analysis, RNA sequencing analysis, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot analysis at the first, second, and fourth weeks after the treatment. Low-dose and medium-dose GA effectively suppressed HS formation and markedly decreased fibroblast infiltration levels and scar thickness. Moreover, decreased expression of TRPC3 mRNA and TGF-β1, p-Smad2/3, and Smad2/3 protein was observed in the low- and medium-dose GA groups and the silicone gel group. This study provides evidence for the efficacy of GA in treating HS and sheds light on its potential underlying pharmacological mechanisms.
Tailoring Risperidone-Loaded Glycethosomal In Situ Gels Using Box–Behnken Design for Treatment of Schizophrenia-Induced Rats via Intranasal Route
Authors: Abdallah Marwa H. , El-Horany Hemat El-Sayed , El-Nahas Hanan M. , Ibrahim Tarek M.
Published: October 2023

Schizophrenic patients often face challenges with adherence to oral regimens. The study aimed to highlight the potentiality of intranasal ethanol/glycerin-containing lipid-nanovesicles (glycethosomes) incorporated into in situ gels for sustaining anti-psychotic risperidone (RS) release. The Box–Behnken Design (BBD) was followed for in vitro characterization. Glycethosomal-based in situ gels were examined by physical, ex vivo, and in vivo investigations. The ethanol impact on minimizing the vesicle size (VS) and enhancing the zeta potential (ZP) and entrapment efficiency (EE%) of nanovesicles was observed. Glycerin displayed positive action on increasing VS and ZP of nanovesicles, but reduced their EE%. After incorporation into various mucoadhesive agent-enriched poloxamer 407 (P407) in situ gels, the optimized gel containing 20% P407 and 1% hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose-K4M (HPMC-K4M) at a 4:1 gel/glycethosomes ratio showed low viscosity and high spreadability with acceptable pH, gel strength, and mucoadhesive strength ranges. The ethanol/glycerin mixture demonstrated a desirable ex vivo skin permeability of RS through the nasal mucosa. By pharmacokinetic analysis, the optimized gel showed eight-fold and three-fold greater increases in RS bioavailability than the control gel and marketed tablet, respectively. Following biochemical assessments of schizophrenia-induced rats, the optimized gel boosted the neuroprotective, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory action of RS in comparison to other tested preparations. Collectively, the intranasal RS-loaded glycethosomal gel offered a potential substitute to oral therapy for schizophrenic patients.
Caco-2 Cell Line Standardization with Pharmaceutical Requirements and In Vitro Model Suitability for Permeability Assays
Authors: Kus Marta , Ibragimow Izabela , Piotrowska-Kempisty Hanna
Published: October 2023

The Caco-2 cell line derived from human colon carcinoma is commonly used to assess the permeability of compounds in in vitro conditions. Due to the significant increase in permeability studies using the Caco-2 cell line in recent years, the need to standardize this biological model seems necessary. The pharmaceutical requirements define only the acceptance criteria for the validation of the Caco-2 cell line and do not specify the protocol for its implementation. Therefore, the aim of this study is to review the conditions for permeability studies across the Caco-2 monolayer reported in the available literature concerning validation guidelines. We summarized the main aspects affecting the validation process of the Caco-2 cell line, including the culture conditions, cytotoxicity, cell differentiation process, and monolayer transport conditions, and the main conclusions may be useful in developing individual methods for preparing the cell line for validation purposes and further permeability research.
Biopolymer- and Natural Fiber-Based Biomimetic Tissues to Realize Smart Cosmeceuticals and Nutraceuticals Using an Innovative Approach
Authors: Morganti Pierfrancesco , Coltelli Maria-Beatrice , Gagliardini Alessandro , Lazzeri Andrea , Morganti Gianluca , Simonetti Giovanna , Fritsch Tilman , Calabrese Vittorio , Fusco Alessandra , Donnarumma Giovanna
Published: October 2023

More sustainable and smart cosmeceuticals and nutraceuticals are necessary due to the ecological transition. In this study, a pullulan-based water solution containing chitin nanofibril–nano-lignin (CN-LG) complexes that encapsulate fish collagen polypeptide, allantoin and nicotinamide was electrospun onto a nonwoven substrate made of bamboo fibers to obtain a smart nanostructured bilayer system for releasing active molecules onto the skin or other body tissues. Infrared spectroscopy was used to characterize the composition of the bilayer system before and after rapid washing of the sample with distilled water and liquids mimicking physiological fluids. The viability of keratinocytes was studied as well as the antioxidant activity, protective activity towards UV light, metalloproteinase release of aged fibroblasts and the inhibitor activity against collagen degradation. Immunomodulatory tests were performed to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of the bilayer system as well as its indirect antimicrobial activity. The results indicate that the bilayer system can be used in the production of innovative sustainable cosmeceuticals. In general, the adopted strategy can be extended to several smart treatments for fast release that can be commercialized as solid products, thus avoiding the use of preservatives and water.
Role of Epigenetic Factors in Response to Stress and Establishment of Somatic Memory of Stress Exposure in Plants
Authors: Kovalchuk Igor
Published: October 2023

All species are well adapted to their environment. Stress causes a magnitude of biochemical and molecular responses in plants, leading to physiological or pathological changes. The response to various stresses is genetically predetermined, but is also controlled on the epigenetic level. Most plants are adapted to their environments through generations of exposure to all elements. Many plant species have the capacity to acclimate or adapt to certain stresses using the mechanism of priming. In most cases, priming is a somatic response allowing plants to deal with the same or similar stress more efficiently, with fewer resources diverted from growth and development. Priming likely relies on multiple mechanisms, but the differential expression of non-coding RNAs, changes in DNA methylation, histone modifications, and nucleosome repositioning play a crucial role. Specifically, we emphasize the role of BRM/CHR17, BRU1, FGT1, HFSA2, and H2A.Z proteins as positive regulators, and CAF-1, MOM1, DDM1, and SGS3 as potential negative regulators of somatic stress memory. In this review, we will discuss the role of epigenetic factors in response to stress, priming, and the somatic memory of stress exposures.
Effect of Crosslinking Conditions on the Transport of Protons and Methanol in Crosslinked Polyvinyl Alcohol Membranes Containing the Phosphoric Acid Group
Authors: Wang Zhiwei , Zheng Hao , Chen Jinyao , Wang Wei , Sun Furui , Cao Ya
Published: October 2023

In this investigation, we systematically explored the intricate relationship between the structural attributes of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) membranes and their multifaceted properties relevant to fuel cell applications, encompassing diverse crosslinking conditions. Employing the solution casting technique, we fabricated crosslinked PVA membranes by utilizing phosphoric acid (PA) as the crosslinking agent, modulating the crosslinking temperature across a range of values. This comprehensive approach aimed to optimize the selection of crosslinking parameters for the advancement of crosslinked polymer materials tailored for fuel cell contexts. A series of meticulously tailored crosslinked PVA membranes were synthesized, each varying in PBTCA content (5–30 wt.%) to establish a systematic framework for elucidating chemical interactions, morphological transformations, and physicochemical attributes pertinent to fuel cell utilization. The manipulation of crosslinking agent concentration and crosslinking temperature engendered a discernible impact on the crosslinking degree, leading to a concomitant reduction in crystallinity. Time-resolved attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) was harnessed to evaluate the dynamics of liquid water adsorption and ionomer swelling kinetics within the array of fabricated PVA films. Notably, the diffusion of water within the PVA membranes adhered faithfully to Fick’s law, with discernible sensitivity to the crosslinking conditions being implemented. Within the evaluated membranes, proton conductivities exhibited a span of between 10−3 and 10−2 S/cm, while methanol permeabilities ranged from 10−8 to 10−7 cm2/s. A remarkable revelation surfaced during the course of this study, as it became evident that the structural attributes and properties of the PVA films, under the influence of distinct crosslinking conditions, underwent coherent modifications. These changes were intrinsically linked to alterations in crosslinking degree and crystallinity, reinforcing the interdependence of these parameters in shaping the characteristics of PVA films intended for diverse fuel cell applications.
Recent Advances in Molecularly Imprinted Polymers and Their Disease-Related Applications
Authors: Cabaleiro-Lago Celia , Hasterok Sylwia , Gjörloff Wingren Anette , Tassidis Helena
Published: October 2023

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) and the imprinting technique provide polymeric material with recognition elements similar to natural antibodies. The template of choice (i.e., the antigen) can be almost any type of smaller or larger molecule, protein, or even tissue. There are various formats of MIPs developed for different medical purposes, such as targeting, imaging, assay diagnostics, and biomarker detection. Biologically applied MIPs are widely used and currently developed for medical applications, and targeting the antigen with MIPs can also help in personalized medicine. The synthetic recognition sites of the MIPs can be tailor-made to function as analytics, diagnostics, and drug delivery systems. This review will cover the promising clinical applications of different MIP systems recently developed for disease diagnosis and treatment.
Analysing Sources of Error in Total Internal Reflection Microscopy (TIRM) Experiments and Data Analysis
Authors: Rivera-Morán J. Alejandro , Lang Peter R.
Published: October 2023

Many phenomena observed in synthetic and biological colloidal suspensions are dominated by the static interaction energies and the hydrodynamic interactions that act both between individual particles and also between colloids and macroscopic interfaces. This calls for methods that allow precise measurements of the corresponding forces. One method used for this purpose is total internal reflection microscopy (TIRM), which has been employed for around three decades to measure in particular the interactions between a single particle suspended in a liquid and a solid surface. However, given the importance of the observable variables, it is crucial to understand the possibilities and limitations of the method. In this paper, we investigate the influence of technically unavoidable noise effects and an inappropriate choice of particle size and sampling time on TIRM measurement results. Our main focus is on the measurement of diffusion coefficients and drift velocities, as the influence of error sources on dynamic properties has not been investigated so far. We find that detector shot noise and prolonged sampling times may cause erroneous results in the steep parts of the interaction potential where forces of the order of pico-Newtons or larger act on the particle, while the effect of background noise is negligible below certain thresholds. Furthermore, noise does not significantly affect dynamic data but we find that lengthy sampling times and/or probe particles with too small a radius will cause issues. Most importantly, we observe that dynamic results are very likely to differ from the standard hydrodynamic predictions for stick boundary conditions due to partial slip.
Supplementation of Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) Breeders with Tagetes erecta Flower Extract and Vitamin E Improves the Oxidative Status of Embryos and Chicks
Authors: Roza Lenilson Fonseca , de Oliveira Evandro Menezes , Staub Lidiane , Dornelas Tainara Ciuffi Euzébio , Pintro Paula Toshimi Matumoto , Hermoso Danielle Aparecida Munhos , Iwamoto Emy Luiza Ishii , Murakami Alice Eiko , Santos Tatiana Carlesso
Published: October 2023

The effects of Tagetes erecta flower extract (TFE) and increasing levels of vitamin E (VE) in the diet of Japanese quail breeders on progeny performance and oxidative status were studied. Methods: 480 Japanese quail breeders were distributed in a completely randomized design with five treatments and twelve replications of six females and two males each. A control diet (25 mg/kg VE) and four diets supplemented with TFE (3 g/kg) and VE (25, 100, 175, or 250 mg/kg) were used. Fresh yolk samples and the yolk sac and liver from embryos (11 and 15 days) and chicks (hatch and 3 days) were analysed. Data were subjected to ANOVA, a regression linear model, and contrast tests and the level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: TF and VE in the maternal diet improved the amount of alfa-tocopherol and total carotenoid content in the yolk. TFE + VE reduced lipid peroxidation and improved the oxidative status in the fresh yolk, in the embryo and chick yolk, and in the liver. Liver superoxide dismutase activity in hatched chicks increased linearly with the VE level and was not altered by TFE. Maternal diets did not influence progeny performance (1 to 28 days) or the relative expression of superoxide dismutase or glutathione peroxidase genes in the liver of chicks. Conclusions: TFE is an effective antioxidant in fresh eggs and supplementation of 3 g/kg TFE and high levels of VE in quail breeders improves the oxidative status of embryos and newly hatched chicks.
Collective Acceleration of Helium Ions from Its Residual Atmosphere in a Luce Diode
Authors: Ryzhkov Vladislav , Zhuravlev Mikhail , Remnev Gennady
Published: October 2023

The collective acceleration of helium ions from its residual atmosphere in the Luce diode was studied at helium pressures from 0.13 to 0.23 Pa. The energy of accelerated ions was determined from the drift velocity of the virtual cathode accelerating the ions. The number of 4He was determined by radioactivities of 13N and 30P induced in h-BN and Al targets via the nuclear reactions 10B(α,n)13N and 27Al(α,n)30P. The efficiency of capturing 4He ions in collective acceleration from the residual helium atmosphere was estimated as 0.25%. With increasing helium pressure above 0.15 Pa, the energy of the main ion group noticeably decreased to 0.46 MeV/amu compared to the acceleration from a usual residual atmosphere (~0.6 MeV/amu); however, the probability of ion acceleration to a specific energy of up to 1.57 MeV/amu increased significantly. Such increases in the ion energy were accompanied by the appearance of the signal of the second virtual cathode 7–9 ns after the appearance of the first virtual cathode.
Inverted Totems: On the Significance of “Woke” in the Culture Wars
Authors: Madigan Todd
Published: October 2023

Early in the 21st century, the term woke became ubiquitous within the context of the culture wars. However, the meaning of the term has been notoriously difficult to pin down, and its use as a descriptor of the most bewildering range of phenomena has led many commentators to declare the word meaningless. My claim is that instead of focusing on what woke means, we should focus on what it does. And in order to demonstrate what woke does, I situate it within a novel typology of totems. As a totem, woke serves to create and constitute the self-awareness of an otherwise indefinite social identity. But it does so as neither a traditional totem (i.e., by representing the group’s own sacred values and beliefs) nor an anti-totem (i.e., by representing an alien group with values and beliefs offensive to one’s own). Instead, woke is an inverted totem, a symbol embodying all that one’s social group is not, thereby representing one’s group negatively. I then argue that in spite of the fact that it is the political right that uses woke most vociferously within the culture wars, neither the Republican Party nor any other ideologically conservative institution is the social group symbolized by woke.
A Commentary on Thomas Berry’s Befriending the Earth, 33 Years on
Authors: McIntosh Alastair
Published: October 2023

The author was approached by the Passionists in the United Kingdom, a Roman Catholic order in which the ecological theologian Thomas Berry had been a priest, to seek an opinion on the continuing significance of his book, Befriending the Earth. Published in 1991, it was written in dialogue with a Jesuit colleague, Thomas Clarke. This article shares that opinion with a wider readership. Parts of it are written in a first-person manner, illustratively journeying on from where Berry left off. Thirty-three years (counted inclusively) is a generous generational span; symbolically, it is equivalent to the life of Christ, a kairos time of transition. Most notably, what has changed over that period is that climate change has landed firmly onto the environmental agenda. Significantly, Berry hardly mentioned it in this work, but in an era of Laudato Si his message of “befriending the Earth” speaks louder than ever, with prophetic poignancy.
Development of an Index for Forest Fire Risk Assessment Considering Hazard Factors and the Hazard-Formative Environment
Authors: Gong Adu , Huang Zhiqing , Liu Longfei , Yang Yuqing , Ba Wanru , Wang Haihan
Published: October 2023

Forest fires are characterized by a rapid and devastating nature, underscoring the practical significance of forest fire risk monitoring. Currently, forest fire risk assessments inadequately account for non-meteorological hazard factors, lack the hazard-formative environment and contextual disaster knowledge for fire occurrence mechanisms. In response, based on MODIS products, we augmented the FFDI (forest fire danger index) with the RDST (regional disaster system theory) and selected various fire risk indicators, including lightning. MOD14 was used for the correlation analysis of fire and its indicators. Through the amalgamation of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the entropy method, and the minimal relative entropy theory, we formulated the CFFRI (composite forest fire risk index) and assessed forest fire risks spanning from 2010 to 2019 in Southwest China, which were validated with historical disaster data and MCD64. The findings revealed that the CFFRI yields consistently higher overall fire risk values, with 89% falling within the high-risk category and 11% within the moderate-risk category. In contrast, the FFDI designated 56% of cases as fourth-tier fire risks and 44% as third-tier fire risks. Notably, the CFFRI achieved an accuracy of 85% in its calculated results, while the FFDI attained 76%. These outcomes robustly demonstrate a superior applicability of the CFFRI compared with the traditional FFDI.
NMS-Free Oriented Object Detection Based on Channel Expansion and Dynamic Label Assignment in UAV Aerial Images
Authors: Dong Yunpeng , Xie Xiaozhu , An Zhe , Qu Zhiyu , Miao Lingjuan , Zhou Zhiqiang
Published: October 2023

Object detection in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) aerial images has received extensive attention in recent years. The current mainstream oriented object detection methods for aerial images often suffer from complex network structures, slow inference speeds, and difficulties in deployment. In this paper, we propose a fast and easy-to-deploy oriented detector for UAV aerial images. First, we design a re-parameterization channel expansion network (RE-Net), which enhances the feature representation capabilities of the network based on the channel expansion structure and efficient layer aggregation network structure. During inference, RE-Net can be equivalently converted to a more streamlined structure, reducing parameters and computational costs. Next, we propose DynamicOTA to adjust the sampling area and the number of positive samples dynamically, which solves the problem of insufficient positive samples in the early stages of training. DynamicOTA improves detector performance and facilitates training convergence. Finally, we introduce a sample selection module (SSM) to achieve NMS-free object detection, simplifying the deployment of our detector on embedded devices. Extensive experiments on the DOTA and HRSC2016 datasets demonstrate the superiority of the proposed approach.
Space Targets with Micro-Motion Classification Using Complex-Valued GAN and Kinematically Sifted Methods
Authors: Han Lixun , Feng Cunqian , Hu Xiaowei
Published: October 2023

Space target classification based on micro-motion characteristics has become a subject of great interest in the field of radar, particularly when using deep learning techniques. However, in practical applications, the ability of deep learning is hampered by the available radar datasets. As a result, obtaining a sufficient amount of the training dataset is a daunting challenge. To address this issue, this paper presents a novel framework for space target classification, consisting of three distinct modules: dataset generation, the kinematically sifted module, and classification. Initially, the micro-motion model of cone-shaped space targets is constructed to analyze target characteristics. Subsequently, the dataset generation module employs a complex-valued generative adversarial network (CV-GAN) to generate a large number of time-range maps. These maps serve as the foundation for training the subsequent modules. Next, the kinematically sifted module is introduced to eliminate images that do not align with the micro-motion characteristics of space targets. By filtering out incompatible images, the module ensures that only relevant and accurate dataset is utilized for further analysis. Finally, the classification model is constructed using complex-valued parallel blocks (CV-PB) to extract valuable information from the target. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed framework in space micro-motion target classification. The main contribution of the framework is to generate a sufficient amount of high-quality training data that conforms to motion characteristics, and to achieve accurate classification of space targets based on their micro-motion signatures. This breakthrough has significant implications for various applications in space target classification.
Use of the iPhone 13 Pro LiDAR Scanner for Inspection and Measurement in the Mineshaft Sinking Process
Authors: Rutkowski Wojciech , Lipecki Tomasz
Published: October 2023

This article aims to present the possibility of using the low-cost iPhone 13 Pro LiDAR scanning device for inspections in the process of mineshaft sinking. The main goal of the research was to assess the accuracy and usefulness of the 3D models generated by the scanner. Measurements were performed at seven different concrete lining intervals before the final lining was completed. The measurements were made at the GG-1 ventilation shaft in Kwielice, Poland, at depths from 1320 to 1350 m below ground level. For better understanding of the true potential of using simple spatial models in the shaft sinking process, part of the shaft sinking cycle, in accordance with PeBeKa working technology, is first presented. Validation using professional TLS demonstrates the usefulness of the iPhone 13 Pro LiDAR scanner for the purpose of inspections that do not require a high level of accuracy. Additionally, a quick and reliable method of volume calculation using open-source software is shown and evaluated.
Study on Surface Reflectance Sampling Method and Uncertainty Based on Airborne Hyperspectral Images
Authors: Gao Hailiang , Wang Qianqian , Gu Xingfa , Yang Jian , Liu Qiyue , Tao Zui , Qiu Xingchen , Zhang Wei , Shi Xinda , Zhao Xiaofei
Published: October 2023

The validation of satellite remote sensing surface reflectance products is aimed at comparing the reflectance pixel values of products with ground measurement values at the pixel scale. Due to the existence of surface heterogeneity, we cannot obtain the satellite pixel scale truth value through ground sampling, and only the satellite relative pixel scale truth value that closely approximates it can be acquired. The process of converting the point-scale spectrum of ground sampling into a pixel-scale spectrum will produce certain errors, known as point-to-pixel-scale conversion uncertainty, which is closely related to the type of sample area and the ground sampling method. In this study, we conducted research on the uncertainty of point-to-pixel-scale conversion generated via different ground sampling methods in the upscaling process. We utilized unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) hyperspectral images to invert the surface reflectance spectral curves of wheat, corn, bare soil, and soybeans at the pixel scale, and simulate the ground measurement spectra and satellite pixel scale ground truth of different sampling methods, so as to realize the quantitative calculation of the uncertainty of the ground truth at the satellite pixel scale. On this basis, we analyzed in depth the effects of the sampling method, measurement height, and number of spectra on the scale conversion uncertainty. The research results show that airborne hyperspectral images can accurately simulate the spectra of ground measurements, and can be used as an effective means of ground spectral sampling and uncertainty analysis. When using the systematic sampling method, the more the sampling points, the smaller the uncertainty. However, the uncertainty of scale conversion tends to stabilize when the number of sampling points is increased to a certain quantity. As the height of ground measurement increases, the number of spectra within the elementary sampling unit (ESU) increases, leading to smaller scale conversion uncertainties. The research results of this study will provide support for the subsequent optimization of ground sampling methods and the improvement of measurement efficiency and measurement accuracy.
Smart Farm Security by Combining IoT Sensor Network and Virtualized Mycelium Network
Authors: Sirimorok Nurdiansyah , Paweroi Rio Mukhtarom , Arsyad Andi Arniaty , Köppen Mario
Published: October 2023

In today’s world, merging sensor-based security systems with contemporary principles has become crucial. As we witness the ever-growing number of interconnected devices in the Internet of Things (IoT), it is imperative to have robust and trustworthy security measures in place. In this paper, we examine the idea of virtualizing the communication infrastructure for smart farming in the context of IoT. Our approach utilizes a metaverse-based framework that mimics natural processes such as mycelium network growth communication with a security-concept-based srtificial immune system (AIS) and transaction models of a multi-agent system (MAS). The mycelium, a bridge that transfers nutrients from one plant to another, is an underground network (IoT below ground) that can interconnect multiple plants. Our objective is to study and simulate the mycelium’s behavior, which serves as an underground IoT, and we anticipate that the simulation results, supported by diverse aspects, can be a reference for future IoT network development. A proof of concept is presented, demonstrating the capabilities of such a virtualized network for dedicated sensor communication and easy reconfiguration for various needs.
Revisioning Fitness through a Relational Community of Practice: Conditions of Possibility for Access Intimacies and Body-Becoming Pedagogies through Art Making
Authors: Bessey Meredith , Bailey K. Aly , Besse Kayla , Rice Carla , Punjani Salima , McHugh Tara-Leigh F.
Published: October 2023

ReVisioning Fitness is a research project and community of practice (CoP) working to reconceptualize “fitness” through a radical embrace of difference (e.g., trans, non-binary, queer, Black, people of colour, disabled, and/or fat, thick/thicc, curvy, plus sized), and a careful theorising of inclusion and access. Our collaborative and arts-based work mounts collective resistance against the dominant power relations that preclude bodymind differences within so-called “fitness” spaces. In this work, we build queer, crip, and thick/thicc alliances by centring relational and difference-affirming approaches to fitness, fostering a radical CoP that supports dissent to be voiced, access intimacies to form, and capacitating effects of body-becoming pedagogies to be set in motion. In this article, we consider how conditions of possibility both co-created and inherited by researchers, collaborators, and the research context itself contributed to what unfolded in our project and art making (multimedia storytelling). By a radical CoP, we mean that we mobilise a more relational and difference-affirming notion of CoP than others have described, which often has involved the reification of sameness and the stabilisation of hierarchies. Further, we call on leaders in fitness organisations to open conditions of possibility in their spaces to allow for alternative futures of fitness that centre difference.
Sediments as Sentinels of Pollution Episodes in the Middle Estuary of the Tinto River (SW Spain)
Authors: Cáceres Luis Miguel , Ruiz Francisco , Bermejo Javier , Fernández Lucía , González-Regalado María Luz , Vidal Joaquín Rodríguez , Abad Manuel , Izquierdo Tatiana , Toscano Antonio , Gómez Paula , Romero Verónica
Published: October 2023

Estuaries are excellent environments for identifying pollution episodes that have affected river basins, as their sediments are the final destination of some of the pollutants. This paper studies the geochemical evolution of five elements (As, Co, Cu, Pb, Zn) in a core extracted from the middle estuary of the Tinto River (SW Spain). The results are based on facies interpretation, ICP atomic emission spectrometry analysis, the application of a regional background to obtain the geoaccumulation index and dating. The main objective of this communication is the detection of natural or anthropogenic pollution episodes in the middle estuary of the Tinto River (SW Spain). Four pollution episodes have been detected: (1) ~5.8 cal. kyr BP, probably caused by natural acid rock drainage processes derived from the oxidation of the Iberian Pyritic Belt deposits found in its drainage basin; (2) 4.7–4.5 kyr BP, coming from the first mining activities and characterized by a significant increase in the concentrations of the five elements analyzed; (3) 1850–1960 interval, coinciding with intensive mining and characterized by increasing values of As and, to a lesser extent, Pb (intensive mining); and (4) the second half of the 20th century, with high element concentrations from mining and industrial effluents. All episodes show an increase in their geochemical classes deduced from the geoaccumulation index. This communication can serve as an example for assessing the impact of different types of pollution in estuarine environments.
Co-Designing Protected Areas Management with Small Island Developing States’ Local Stakeholders: A Case from Coastal Communities of Cabo Verde
Authors: Sena Naya , Veiga Ana , Semedo Adilson , Abu-Raya Mara , Semedo Rute , Fujii Iwao , Makino Mitsutaku
Published: October 2023

The Small Island Developing State, Cabo Verde, is one of the most important marine biodiverse hotspots in the North Atlantic. One of its national conservation strategies has been the declaration of protected areas, and currently, the country has 47 declared protected areas and only 26 have been fully implemented. The latest protected area, Baía do Inferno e Monte Angra Natural Park, is the first protected area proposed by a civil initiative, and the local people strongly support the declaration of this protected area. Therefore, this study aims to better understand the mechanisms behind strong local support, explore the lessons learned from this case and how it can help improve the implementation of other protected areas in Cabo Verde. We conducted 7 semi-structured interviews with previously identified community leaders and 480 questionnaires with the general population of the local communities. The results show that 78.6% of the questionnaire respondents chose co-management as the desired management model. We also found that non-governmental organizations and local leaders have played a crucial role in sharing knowledge with local populations and helping them to have a critical and informed view about the future implementation of the protected area.
Application of YOLO v5 and v8 for Recognition of Safety Risk Factors at Construction Sites
Authors: Kim Kyunghwan , Kim Kangeun , Jeong Soyoon
Published: October 2023

The construction industry has high accident and fatality rates owing to time and cost pressures as well as hazardous working environments caused by heavy construction equipment and temporary structures. Thus, safety management at construction sites is essential, and extensive investments are made in management and technology to reduce accidents. This study aims to improve the accuracy of object recognition and classification that is the foundation of the automatic detection of safety risk factors at construction sites, using YOLO v5, which has been acknowledged in several studies for its high performance, and the recently released YOLO v8. Images were collected through web crawling and labeled into three classes to form the dataset. Based on this dataset, accuracy was improved by changing epochs, optimizers, and hyperparameter conditions. In each YOLO version, the highest accuracy is achieved by the extra-large model, with mAP50 test accuracies of 94.1% in v5 and 95.1% in v8. This study could be further expanded for application in various management tools at construction sites to improve the work process, quality control, and progress management in addition to safety management through the collection of more image data and automation for accuracy improvement.
Cobalt Ferrite (CoFe2O4) Spinel as a New Efficient Magnetic Heterogeneous Fenton-like Catalyst for Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Cechinel Maria Alice Prado , Nicolini João Lucas , Tápia Pedro Monteiro , Miranda Edgar Andrés Chavarriaga , Eller Sarah , de Oliveira Tiago Franco , Raupp-Pereira Fabiano , Montedo Oscar Rubem Klegues , Wermuth Tiago Bender , Arcaro Sabrina
Published: October 2023

For the first time, cobalt ferrite spinel (CoFe2O4) was used as a catalyst in the Fenton process for Remazol Red RR dye degradation in water. CoFe2O4 was synthesized via gel combustion using tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane as an alternative fuel in one step with a ratio of Ψ = 0.8. Its structural, surface optics, magnetic properties, and the optimal conditions of the Fenton reagents for dye degradation were evaluated. The saturation magnetization and remanence (Ms and Mr, respectively) for the as-prepared powder were 65.7 emu/g and 30.4 emu/g, respectively, and the coercivity (Hc) was 1243 Oe, indicating its ferromagnetic nature and suitability as a magnetic catalyst. Red Remazol RR dye degradation tests were performed using the Fenton process to evaluate the influence of the catalyst dosage and H2O2 concentration. The tests were performed in a batch reactor in the dark with constant agitation for 24 h. The best result was obtained using 1 g/L of catalyst with a dye degradation of 80.6%. The optimal concentration of H2O2 (1.0 M) resulted in 96.5% dye degradation. Nanoparticle recyclability testing indicated that the material could be satisfactorily reused as a catalyst for at least three cycles. The potential use of the CoFe2O4 synthesized in this study as a catalyst for dye degradation by the Fenton process was demonstrated.
Combinations of Spent Grains as Sources of Valuable Compounds with Highly Valuable Functional and Microbial Properties
Authors: Kumar Mukul , Anisha Anisha , Kaushik Deepika , Kaur Jasjit , Shubham Shubham , Rusu Alexandru Vasile , Rocha João Miguel , Trif Monica
Published: October 2023

The potential of spent grains as a source of valuable compounds with various properties has gained attention. They are the by-product of the brewing process, typically resulting from the beer-making process. Five different mixed combinations of spent grains of barley, wheat, rice, maize and finger-millet were formulated and further analyzed and compared. Barley and wheat (BW), barley and rice (BR), barley and maize (BM), and barley and finger-millets (BF) were mixed in a ratio of 1:1 (w/w) and ground into a fine powder to study their techno-functional, phytochemical and in vitro properties. The techno-functional, phytochemical and in vitro properties of barley and maize (BM) were found to be the best choice, making it a promising candidate for applications in value-added products. The WAI (water absorption index) of BM (5.03 g/g) was the highest compared to BB (3.20 g/g), BF (3.56 g/g), BR (4.10 g/g) and BW (4.33 g/g), whereas the WSI (water solubility index) and OAC (oil absorption capacity) of BM (7.06% and 1.90 g/g, respectively) were lower than BW (7.60% and 2.24 g/g, respectively), BR (8.20% and 2.30 g/g, respectively), BF (9.67% and 2.57 g/g, respectively) and BB (10.47% and 2.70 g/g, respectively). A higher percentage of inhibition of DPPH (44.14%) and high phenolic and flavonoid contents (72.39 mg GAE/gm and 66.03 mg QE/gm, respectively) were observed in BM. It also showed higher in vitro properties like amylase and lipase inhibition assay (89.05% and 62.34%, respectively) than the other combinations. The present study provides valuable information about the differences between spent grain varieties and their combinations, with potential applications in various industries.
Enhanced Organizational Performance: Integrating Dimensions for Sustainable Growth
Authors: Restrepo-Morales Jorge Aníbal , Giraldo-Betancur Emerson Andrés , López-Cadavid Diego Alejandro , Grados-Vásquez Martín Manuel , Olórtiga-Cóndor Lucio Wilfredo
Published: October 2023

This study examined how different factors—environmental, human resources, managerial, technological, and innovation—influence the organizational performance of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). For the study methodology, a correlational research design was used to examine the relationships between variables in a sample of 476 SMEs in Colombia. Advanced statistical techniques were used, such as regression and correlation analyses with Monte Carlo simulation. We evaluated four dimensions, 16 factors, and 197 related variables to understand their impact on business performance. The results show that all the studied factors, i.e., environment, structure, management, and people, have a positive relationship with organizational performance. Additionally, the results indicate that SMEs tend to have strong performance in the dimensions of finance, infrastructure, and production but weaker performance in those of international, socioenvironmental, technological, institutional philosophy, process, and human resources management. These findings provide valuable insight into the areas that SMEs may need to focus on to improve their performance while underscoring the importance of considering a variety of factors when developing strategies to improve organizational performance.
Improving the Performance of Unglazed Solar Air Heating Walls Using Mesh Packing and Nano-Enhanced Absorber Coating: An Energy–Exergy and Enviro-Economic Assessment
Authors: Şirin Ceylin , Tuncer Azim Doğuş , Khanlari Ataollah
Published: October 2023

This study aims to upgrade the effectiveness of unglazed solar air heating walls (SWs) using mesh packing and nano-enhanced black paint. In this regard, two SW cases with 10 cm and 15 cm plenum thicknesses have been fabricated and tested simultaneously with different modifications. In other words, six different SW configurations have been designed and empirically investigated in this research. Unmodified SWs with two plenum thicknesses have been tested in the first experiment. Iron meshes have been utilized in both SWs in the second test. In the third experiment, the impact of the combined usage of mesh packing and Fe (iron) nanoparticle-enhanced black paint (absorber coating) at 2% w/w concentration on the performance has been evaluated. Experimental results exhibited that the combined usage of mesh packing and nano-doped paint in the SWs with 10 cm and 15 cm plenum thicknesses improved the average effective efficiency value by 29.54% and 31.20%, respectively, compared to the unmodified cases. Also, the average exergy efficiencies of the six tested SW configurations were attained in the range of 6.24–12.29%. Moreover, the findings of this study showed that reducing the plenum thickness and applying the combination of meshes and nano-coating improved the annual carbon dioxide savings by 44.72%.
Relationship between GDP and Municipal Waste: Regional Disparities and Implication for Waste Management Policies
Authors: Blagoeva Nadezhda , Georgieva Vanya , Dimova Delyana
Published: October 2023

This article analyses the relationship between various economic indicators, such as GDP per capita and socio-economic status, and municipal waste generation in Bulgaria compared to other EU countries. The study analyses how economic and social indicators in Bulgaria and other countries affect waste generation through multiple regression, hierarchical cluster, and comparative analyses. The objectives of the investigation include classifying countries according to the degree of relationship between GDP and municipal waste, comparing countries on these indicators, examining the profiles of different groups of countries according to their socio-economic status and the amount of waste generated, and analysing the relationship between GDP and municipal waste in different countries. Based on the results, sustainable waste management strategies are proposed, applicable not only in Bulgaria but also in other similar countries. This approach provides valuable guidance for formulating sustainable waste management policies and measures while highlighting the importance of economic and social factors in forming such strategies.
Carbon Stock and CO2 Fluxes in Various Land Covers in Karang Gading and Langkat Timur Laut Wildlife Reserve, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Harahap Mikrajni , Basyuni Mohammad , Sulistiyono Nurdin , Sasmito Sigit D. , Latifah Siti , Delvian  , Amelia Rizka , Bimantara Yuntha , Harahap Salma Safrina Hashilah , Larekeng Siti Halimah , Sumarga Elham , Al Mustaniroh Shofiyah S. , Slamet Bejo , Arifanti Virni B. , Ali Hayssam M.
Published: October 2023

Mangrove forests play an important role in coastal areas from an ecological perspective, being able to store large amounts of carbon through sequestration and inhibiting climate change processes by absorbing CO2 in the atmosphere. In recent years, there have been changes in the land cover of converted and degraded mangrove forests which have resulted in the release of carbon and an imbalance in soil structure, which in turn cause a flux of CO2 into the atmosphere. This research was conducted at the Karang Gading and Langkat Timur Laut Wildlife Reserve (KGLTLWR) in North Sumatra, Indonesia. The study focused on six different land covers, namely natural forests, restoration, mixed agriculture, paddy fields, oil palm plantation, and ponds. This study aimed to measure the total carbon stock of mangrove forests that have been converted to other land covers and estimate the level of CO2 flux in the area. A total of three transects and six plots for each land cover were used in this study; for tree biomass, a non-destructive method was used by recording every DBH > 5 cm, and for soil carbon, drilling was carried out, which was divided into five depths in each plot. CO2 flux was measured using an Eosense Eosgp CO2 sensor with the static closed chamber method. The highest carbon stock was found at 308.09 Mg ha−1 in natural forest, while the lowest 3.22 Mg ha−1 was found in mixed agriculture. The highest soil carbon was found at 423.59 MgC ha−1 in natural forest, while the lowest 50.44 MgC ha−1 was found in mixed agriculture dry land. The highest average CO2 flux value of 1362.24 mgCO2 m2 h−1 was found in mangrove restoration and the lowest in ponds was 123.03 mgCO2 m2 h−1. Overall, the research results inform how much carbon stock is lost when converted to other land covers so that it can be used as a reference for policy makers to provide future management of mangrove forests and develop mitigation measurements to reduce carbon emissions.