bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research progress on the application of transcranial magnetic stimulation in spinal cord injury rehabilitation: a narrative review
Authors: Wang Yuhong , Dong Tingting , Li Xiahuang , Zhao Huiyun , Yang Lili , Xu Rui , Fu Yi , Li Li , Gai Xuesong , Qin Dongdong
Published: July 2023

Traumatic or non-traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) can lead to severe disability and complications. The incidence of SCI is high, and the rehabilitation cycle is long, which increases the economic burden on patients and the health care system. However, there is no practical method of SCI treatment. Recently, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), a non-invasive brain stimulation technique, has been shown to induce changes in plasticity in specific areas of the brain by regulating the activity of neurons in the stimulation site and its functionally connected networks. TMS is a new potential method for the rehabilitation of SCI and its complications. In addition, TMS can detect the activity of neural circuits in the central nervous system and supplement the physiological evaluation of SCI severity. This review describes the pathophysiology of SCI as well as the basic principles and classification of TMS. We mainly focused on the latest research progress of TMS in the physiological evaluation of SCI as well as the treatment of motor dysfunction, neuropathic pain, spasticity, neurogenic bladder, respiratory dysfunction, and other complications. This review provides new ideas and future directions for SCI assessment and treatment.
Imprinting: expanding the extra-pharmacological model of psychedelic drug action to incorporate delayed influences of sets and settings
Authors: Garel Nicolas , Thibault Lévesque Julien , Sandra Dasha A. , Lessard-Wajcer Justin , Solomonova Elizaveta , Lifshitz Michael , Richard-Devantoy Stéphane , Greenway Kyle T.
Published: July 2023

Background

Psychedelic drug experiences are shaped by current-moment contextual factors, commonly categorized as internal (set) and external (setting). Potential influences of past environments, however, have received little attention.

Aims

To investigate how previous environmental stimuli shaped the experiences of patients receiving ketamine for treatment-resistant depression (TRD), and develop the concept of “imprinting” to account for such time-lagged effects across diverse hallucinogenic drugs.

Methods

Recordings of treatment sessions and phenomenological interviews from 26 participants of a clinical trial investigating serial intravenous ketamine infusions for TRD, conducted from January 2021 to August 2022, were retrospectively reviewed. A broad literature search was undertaken to identify potentially underrecognized examples of imprinting with both serotonergic and atypical psychedelics, as well as analogous cognitive processes and neural mechanisms.

Results

In naturalistic single-subject experiments of a 28-year-old female and a 34-year-old male, subjective ketamine experiences were significantly altered by varying exposures to particular forms of digital media in the days preceding treatments. Higher levels of media exposure reduced the mystical/emotional qualities of subsequent psychedelic ketamine experiences, overpowering standard intention-setting practices and altering therapeutic outcomes. Qualitative data from 24 additional patients yielded eight further spontaneous reports of past environmental exposures manifesting as visual hallucinations during ketamine experiences. We identified similar examples of imprinting with diverse psychoactive drugs in past publications, including in the first-ever report of ketamine in human subjects, as well as analogous processes known to underly dreaming.

Conclusions/interpretation

Past environmental exposures can significantly influence the phenomenology and therapeutic outcomes of psychedelic experiences, yet are underrecognized and understudied. To facilitate future research, we propose expanding the contextual model of psychedelic drug actions to incorporate imprinting, a novel concept that may aid clinicians, patients, and researchers to better understand psychedelic drug effects.

Clinical trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT04701866.
Spiking CMOS-NVM mixed-signal neuromorphic ConvNet with circuit- and training-optimized temporal subsampling
Authors: Dorzhigulov Anuar , Saxena Vishal
Published: July 2023

We increasingly rely on deep learning algorithms to process colossal amount of unstructured visual data. Commonly, these deep learning algorithms are deployed as software models on digital hardware, predominantly in data centers. Intrinsic high energy consumption of Cloud-based deployment of deep neural networks (DNNs) inspired researchers to look for alternatives, resulting in a high interest in Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) and dedicated mixed-signal neuromorphic hardware. As a result, there is an emerging challenge to transfer DNN architecture functionality to energy-efficient spiking non-volatile memory (NVM)-based hardware with minimal loss in the accuracy of visual data processing. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is the staple choice of DNN for visual data processing. However, the lack of analog-friendly spiking implementations and alternatives for some core CNN functions, such as MaxPool, hinders the conversion of CNNs into the spike domain, thus hampering neuromorphic hardware development. To address this gap, in this work, we propose MaxPool with temporal multiplexing for Spiking CNNs (SCNNs), which is amenable for implementation in mixed-signal circuits. In this work, we leverage the temporal dynamics of internal membrane potential of Integrate & Fire neurons to enable MaxPool decision-making in the spiking domain. The proposed MaxPool models are implemented and tested within the SCNN architecture using a modified version of the aihwkit framework, a PyTorch-based toolkit for modeling and simulating hardware-based neural networks. The proposed spiking MaxPool scheme can decide even before the complete spatiotemporal input is applied, thus selectively trading off latency with accuracy. It is observed that by allocating just 10% of the spatiotemporal input window for a pooling decision, the proposed spiking MaxPool achieves up to 61.74% accuracy with a 2-bit weight resolution in the CIFAR10 dataset classification task after training with back propagation, with only about 1% performance drop compared to 62.78% accuracy of the 100% spatiotemporal window case with the 2-bit weight resolution to reflect foundry-integrated ReRAM limitations. In addition, we propose the realization of one of the proposed spiking MaxPool techniques in an NVM crossbar array along with periphery circuits designed in a 130nm CMOS technology. The energy-efficiency estimation results show competitive performance compared to recent neuromorphic chip designs.
A case–control study on the association between adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet and breast cancer
Authors: Sadeghi Omid , Eshaghian Niloofar , Benisi-Kohansal Sanaz , Azadbakht Leila , Esmaillzadeh Ahmad
Published: July 2023

Background

Previous studies on the association between diet and breast cancer are mostly from Western populations, and data from Middle East countries are scarce, where the prevalence of breast cancer is high; therefore, it ranks first among other cancers. This population-based case–control study aimed to investigate the relationship between a Mediterranean-style diet and breast cancer among Iranian women.

Methods

In the current study, 350 new cases of breast cancer and 700 age- and socioeconomic status-matched controls were enrolled. We evaluated the dietary intakes of participants by using a 106-item Willett-format semi-quantitative dish-based food frequency questionnaire (SQ-FFQ). We calculated the Mediterranean diet score according to the dietary intakes of participants. In addition, using pre-tested questionnaires, we collected information on potential confounding variables.

Results

In this study, we found a significant inverse association between the Mediterranean diet and breast cancer so that after controlling for potential confounders, individuals in the highest tertile of the Mediterranean diet score compared with those in the lowest tertile were 57% less likely to have breast cancer [odds ratio (OR): 0.43, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.28–0.67]. Such an inverse association was also observed for postmenopausal women. Similarly, after controlling for potential confounding variables, high adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern was associated with lower odds of breast cancer (OR: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.23–0.60). However, this relationship was not significant among premenopausal women.

Conclusion

We found that adherence to Mediterranean dietary pattern was associated with reduced odds of breast cancer. Studies with prospective design are needed to further examine this association.
Endovascular brachytherapy with iodine-125 seed strand for extensive portal vein tumor thrombus in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Tan Zhongbao , Wu Daguang , Guo Jinhe , Wang Huanjing , Zhang Jian
Published: July 2023

Objective

The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of endovascular brachytherapy with iodine-125 (I-125) seed strand for the treatment of extensive portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients.

Methods

A total of 40 HCC patients complicated by extensive PVTT who received I-125 seed strand implantation from January 2015 to December 2022 in our center were analyzed retrospectively. Endpoints included technical success rate, concurrent therapies, overall survival time, and complications. Multivariate and subgroup analyses were conducted for overall survival.

Results

The successful rate of operation was 100%, and there was no operation-related death. A total of 37 patients received single I-125 seed strand implantation, and three patients received double I-125 seed strand implantation. A total of 23 patients received a concurrent therapy: transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with systematic treatment (n = 6), TACE alone (n = 10), and systematic treatment alone (n = 9). At a median follow-up of 3.5 (interquartile range (IQR), 2~8.5) months, the median overall survival (OS) of all patients was 92 days (95% confidence interval (CI): 77~108). In the subgroup analysis, the median OS was 128 days (95% CI: 101~155 days) in the I-125 seed strand implantation plus systematic treatment group and was longer than that (75 days (95% CI: 36~114) of the I-125 seed strand alone group (p = 0.037). Multivariate analysis revealed that no systematic treatment was an independent risk factor affecting the prognosis in this study. Six patients died of upper gastrointestinal bleeding: four patients in the I-125 seed strand alone group and two patients in the combination of I-125 seed strand with systematic treatment group.

Conclusions

The study shows that endovascular brachytherapy with I-125 seed strand implantation is a safe and effective treatment method for extensive PVTT in HCC patients. The combination of I-125 seed strand implantation and systematic treatment can prolong the survival time.
Ultrastructural analysis of prostate cancer tissue provides insights into androgen-dependent adaptations to membrane contact site establishment
Authors: Butler Lisa M. , Evergren Emma
Published: July 2023

Membrane trafficking and organelle contact sites are important for regulating cell metabolism and survival; processes often deregulated in cancer. Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in men in the developed world. While early-stage disease is curable by surgery or radiotherapy there is an unmet need to identify prognostic biomarkers, markers to treatment response and new therapeutic targets in intermediate-late stage disease. This study explored the morphology of organelles and membrane contact sites in tumor tissue from normal, low and intermediate histological grade groups. The morphology of organelles in secretory prostate epithelial cells; including Golgi apparatus, ER, lysosomes; was similar in prostate tissue samples across a range of Gleason scores. Mitochondrial morphology was not dramatically altered, but the number of membrane contacts with the ER notably increased with disease progression. A three-fold increase of tight mitochondria-ER membrane contact sites was observed in the intermediate Gleason score group compared to normal tissue. To investigate whether these changes were concurrent with an increased androgen signaling in the tissue, we investigated whether an anti-androgen used in the clinic to treat advanced prostate cancer (enzalutamide) could reverse the phenotype. Patient-derived explant tissues with an intermediate Gleason score were cultured ex vivo in the presence or absence of enzalutamide and the number of ER-mitochondria contacts were quantified for each matched pair of tissues. Enzalutamide treated tissue showed a significant reduction in the number and length of mitochondria-ER contact sites, suggesting a novel androgen-dependent regulation of these membrane contact sites. This study provides evidence for the first time that prostate epithelial cells undergo adaptations in membrane contact sites between mitochondria and the ER during prostate cancer progression. These adaptations are androgen-dependent and provide evidence for a novel hormone-regulated mechanism that support establishment and extension of MAMs. Future studies will determine whether these changes are required to maintain pro-proliferative signaling and metabolic changes that support prostate cancer cell viability.
Celiac disease in paediatric patients in the United Arab Emirates: a single-center descriptive study
Authors: AlNababteh Asma H. , Tzivinikos Christos , Al-Shamsi Saif , Govender Romona Devi , Al-Rifai Rami H.
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder that is provoked by the consumption of gluten in genetically vulnerable individuals. CD affects individuals worldwide with an estimated prevalence of 1% and can manifest at any age. Growth retardation and anemia are common presentations in children with CD. The objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence of CD in multiple “at risk groups” and to characterize children with CD, presented to a tertiary hospital in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE).

Methods

The study reviewed medical charts of all patients <18 years who had received serologic testing for CD. The study was conducted at Al Jalila Children's Specialty Hospital in Dubai, UAE, from January 2018 to July 2021. Extracted information from medical records included sociodemographics, laboratory findings, clinical presentation, and any associated co-morbidities. The European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) criteria were used to identify patients with CD.

Results

During the study period, 851 paediatric patients underwent serological screening for CD, out of which, 23 (2.7%) were confirmed with CD. Of the 23 patients diagnosed with CD, 43.5% had no gastrointestinal symptoms. Diabetes type 1 (30.4%) followed by iron deficiency anaemia (30%) and Hashimoto thyroiditis (9%) were the most commonly associated comorbidities. The prevalence of CD among paediatric patients with autoimmune thyroiditis (12.5%) was 1.92-times higher than that among paediatric patients with diabetes type 1 (6.5%).

Conclusion

The results of this study show that almost three out of every 100 paediatric patients who were screened for CD were confirmed to have the condition. These findings highlight the importance of screening children who are at risk or present symptoms suggestive of CD, to ensure early diagnosis and appropriate management.
Improvement of resistance to rice blast and bacterial leaf streak by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis of Pi21 and OsSULTR3;6 in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Yang Jinlian , Fang Yaoyu , Wu Hu , Zhao Neng , Guo Xinying , Mackon Enerand , Peng Haowen , Huang Sheng , He Yongqiang , Qin Baoxiang , Liu Yaoguang , Liu Fang , Chen Shengwu , Li Rongbai
Published: July 2023

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple food in many countries around the world, particularly in China. The production of rice is seriously affected by the bacterial leaf streak and rice blast, which can reduce rice yield or even cause it to fail to be harvested. In this study, susceptible material 58B was edited by CRISPR/Cas9, targeting a target of the Pi21 gene and a target of the effector-binding element (EBE) of the OsSULTR3;6 gene, and the mutants 58b were obtained by Agrobacterium-mediated method. The editing efficiency of the two targets in the T0 generation was higher than 90.09%, the homozygous mutants were successfully selected in the T0 generation, and the homozygous mutation rate of each target was higher than 26.67%. The expression of the edited pi21 and EBE of Ossultr3;6 was significantly reduced, and the expression of defense responsive genes was significantly upregulated after infected with rice blast. The lesion areas of rice blast and bacterial leaf streak were significantly reduced in 58b, and the resistance of both was effectively improved. Furthermore, the gene editing events did not affect the agronomic traits of rice. In this study, the resistance of 58b to rice blast and bacterial leaf streak was improved simultaneously. This study provides a reference for using Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/Cas9 (CRISPR/Cas9) to accelerate the improvement of rice varieties and the development of new materials for rice breeding.
A new statistical model for binge drinking pattern classification in college-student populations
Authors: André Judith , Diouf Momar , Martinetti Margaret P. , Ortelli Olivia , Gierski Fabien , Fürst Frederic , Pierrefiche Olivier , Naassila Mickael
Published: July 2023

Background

Binge drinking (BD) among students is a frequent alcohol consumption pattern that produces adverse consequences. A widely discussed difficulty in the scientific community is defining and characterizing BD patterns. This study aimed to find homogenous drinking groups and then provide a new tool, based on a model that includes several key factors of BD, to assess the severity of BD regardless of the individual’s gender.

Methods

Using the learning sample (N1 = 1,271), a K-means clustering algorithm and a partial proportional odds model (PPOM) were used to isolate drinking and behavioral key factors, create homogenous groups of drinkers, and estimate the probability of belonging to these groups. Robustness of our findings were evaluated with Two validations samples (N2 = 2,310, N3 = 120) of French university students (aged 18–25 years) were anonymously investigated via demographic and alcohol consumption questionnaires (AUDIT, AUQ, Alcohol Purchase Task for behavioral economic indices).

Results

The K-means revealed four homogeneous groups, based on drinking profiles: low-risk, hazardous, binge, and high-intensity BD. The PPOM generated the probability of each participant, self-identified as either male or female, to belong to one of these groups. Our results were confirmed in two validation samples, and we observed differences between the 4 drinking groups in terms of consumption consequences and behavioral economic demand indices.

Conclusion

Our model reveals a progressive severity in the drinking pattern and its consequences and may better characterize binge drinking among university student samples. This model provides a new tool for assessing the severity of binge drinking and illustrates that frequency of drinking behavior and particularly drunkenness are central features of a binge drinking model.
Measuring autonomy support in special needs teachers from a self-determination theory perspective: validation of the Italian version of the learning climate questionnaire
Authors: Monacis Domenico , Sulla Francesco , Peconio Guendalina , Limone Pierpaolo
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Self-determination construct is a motivation theory used in professional and educational context to foster special needs teachers’ development of metacognition, and psychological wellbeing. The Learning Climate Questionnaire (LCQ) is a validate questionnaire used to underly teachers’ professional and personal competence, and improving social, emotional and career outcomes. The present paper aims to evaluate the degree of reliability (R1) and the adherence of construct validity to the construct of self-determination (R2) of the Italian adaptation of the LCQ.

Methods

A confirmatory factorial analysis was conducted to evaluate the factorial structure of the LCQ in a sample of Italian special needs teachers (N = 953). Teachers was asked to complete an online version of the LCQ. Construct validity was conducted by relating the learning climate with the basic psychological needs satisfaction, measured with PBNSF, and with academic motivation scale, measured with AMS.

Results

The analysis showed a good reliability (R1) and construct validity of the Italian adaptation of the questionnaire, with a high internal consistency compared to those obtained in other studies (R2).

Discussion

Teachers’ autonomy support and teacher-student relation can positively impact the students’ psychological factors and enhance students’ learning motivation and academic achievement. Findings reveal that higher levels of learning climate could also be a key factor in reducing teachers’ negative stress and mental health consequences.

Conclusion

This study may facilitate further research about the autonomy-supportive learning climate in educational settings in Italy.
Questioning the role of palmitoylethanolamide in psychosis: a systematic review of clinical and preclinical evidence
Authors: Bortoletto Riccardo , Piscitelli Fabiana , Candolo Anna , Bhattacharyya Sagnik , Balestrieri Matteo , Colizzi Marco
Published: July 2023

Introduction

The endocannabinoid (eCB) system disruption has been suggested to underpin the development of psychosis, fueling the search for novel, better-tolerated antipsychotic agents that target the eCB system. Among these, palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), an N-acylethanolamine (AE) with neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic properties, has drawn attention for its antipsychotic potential.

Methods

This Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020-compliant systematic review aimed at reappraising all clinical and preclinical studies investigating the biobehavioral role of PEA in psychosis.

Results

Overall, 13 studies were eligible for data extraction (11 human, 2 animal). Observational studies investigating PEA tone in psychosis patients converged on the evidence for increased PEA plasma (6 human) and central nervous system (CNS; 1 human) levels, as a potential early compensatory response to illness and its severity, that seems to be lost in the longer-term (CNS; 1 human), opening to the possibility of exogenously supplementing it to sustain control of the disorder. Consistently, PEA oral supplementation reduced negative psychotic and manic symptoms among psychosis patients, with no serious adverse events (3 human). No PEA changes emerged in either preclinical psychosis model (2 animal) studied.

Discussion

Evidence supports PEA signaling as a potential psychosis biomarker, also indicating a therapeutic role of its supplementation in the disorder.

Systematic review registration

https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/AFMTK.
Migrant healthcare workers during COVID-19: bringing an intersectional health system-related approach into pandemic protection. A German case study
Authors: Kuhlmann Ellen , Ungureanu Marius-Ionut , Behrens Georg M. N. , Cossmann Anne , Fehr Leonie Mac , Klawitter Sandra , Mikuteit Marie , Müller Frank , Thilo Nancy , Brînzac Monica Georgina , Dopfer-Jablonka Alexandra
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Migrant healthcare workers played an important role during the COVID-19 pandemic, but data are lacking especially for high-resourced European healthcare systems. This study aims to research migrant healthcare workers through an intersectional health system-related approach, using Germany as a case study.

Methods

An intersectional research framework was created and a rapid scoping study performed. Secondary analysis of selected items taken from two COVID-19 surveys was undertaken to compare perceptions of national and foreign-born healthcare workers, using descriptive statistics.

Results

Available research is focused on worst-case pandemic scenarios of Brazil and the United Kingdom, highlighting racialised discrimination and higher risks of migrant healthcare workers. The German data did not reveal significant differences between national-born and foreign-born healthcare workers for items related to health status including SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination, and perception of infection risk, protective workplace measures, and government measures, but items related to social participation and work conditions with higher infection risk indicate a higher burden of migrant healthcare workers.

Conclusions

COVID-19 pandemic policy must include migrant healthcare workers, but simply adding the migration status is not enough. We introduce an intersectional health systems-related approach to understand how pandemic policies create social inequalities and how the protection of migrant healthcare workers may be improved.
The impact of engaging with community groups: asset-based approaches and the lived experience of socially vulnerable populations in the UK
Authors: Corrigan Oonagh , Hughes Suzanne , Danielsen Scott , Doherty Shannon , Kabir Russell
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Asset-based approaches to improve citizen wellbeing and address inequalities are now being adopted by public health practitioners. There is some evidence that participatory approaches and the promotion of community assets have the capacity to mitigate against the social determinants that generate health disparities. However, questions remain about how they work in practice. This paper reports on research carried out to provide insight into how a diverse range of community assets support (or not) the wellbeing of vulnerable citizens and to provide an improved understanding of people's lived experiences including the challenges of citizens who belong to community assets face. Two subsequent studies were undertaken in a region of England comprising of two neighboring municipalities where health inequalities are stark. Both municipalities contain within them areas of social deprivation. The initial study was completed in March 2020, 1 week before England's first COVID-19 lockdown restrictions were introduced and the subsequent study was conducted to explore the impact of social restrictions on the community assets forum members.

Methods

A combined phenomenological and ethnographic methodological approach was adopted for both studies. For the initial study ethnographic methods were used including 42 qualitative face-to-face interviews focusing on the lived experience of participants. Observations, informal conversations, photographs, and field notes were also carried out to allow researchers to become familiar with the setting, to build rapport and trust provide a contextual understanding of the relationship between the activity or place and participants' experiences of wellbeing. For the subsequent study thirty-six interviews (including interviews with community assets leaders) were conducted online or by phone due to COVID-19 social restrictions.

Results and discussion

The studies' findings support the supposition that these groups are community assets which help ameliorate against the social detriments of health and wellbeing that have led to widening health inequalities in the region. The findings from both studies clearly illustrate the importance of sociality for wellbeing, and that participation in these groups are an important determinant of wellbeing. The data demonstrates how social capital is generated within a range of community groups and spaces. It also conveys the needs and deficits existing within groups highlighting the need to provide more assistance to vulnerable citizens. While most themes were common to all community forums, there were some noticeable place-based differences.
A scoping review of the evidence available for the use of salons as health promotion environments, for the prevention and management of non-communicable diseases in women from different ethnic backgrounds
Authors: Kaneri Prerana , Lima do Vale Marjorie , Harding Seeromanie , Molokhia Mariam
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Women from different ethnic backgrounds are disproportionately affected by non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Underpinned by the community capital they harness, hairdressers have successfully delivered NCD prevention programmes, particularly for African-American women in disadvantaged areas. Integrating community organisations and networks into existing primary care pathways can provide a sustainable process to address inequalities in access to health care. This scoping review aimed to map the evidence about interventions based in beauty salons, particularly formative research phases, including co-development, community participation, theoretical or conceptual underpinnings, as well as aspects related to training and incentivisation of salon staff, evaluation and equity.

Methods

The methodological framework was based on the seminal guidance of Arksey and O’Malley, using the ‘PCC’ (participants, concept, context) structure with incorporation of other relevant materials. Studies eligible for inclusion were salon-based health interventions (concept) focused on NCDs prevention (context), targeting women (participants) from different ethnic backgrounds and published in English. The searches were conducted across PubMed, Web of Science and OVID in June 2020 and updated in January 2023, with reference lists also screened. The Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance RE-AIM framework was used to explore the potential public health impact.

Results

419 titles and abstracts were screened, with eight (2%) meeting the inclusion criteria, all based in the United States of America. Two used formative phases to inform intervention development, three described evidence of co-development with key stakeholders or experts within the community and five studies referred to theoretical or conceptual frameworks. Incentivisation was provided to salon staff in five of the studies, and to clients in three of the studies. Four of the investigations collated data on socioeconomic characteristics of the target population.

Discussion

Formative research in the scoped studies was weakly reported upon. Community participation was implicit in each of the scoped studies, yet its application varied considerably. Theoretical and conceptual frameworks were not consistently used, and there was inadequate process evaluation to ensure equitable reach and retention of targeted groups, suggesting a more concerted effort to address health equity is needed for future interventions.
Assessment of sleep quality and sleep disordered breathing among post-hospitalized patients with COVID-19
Authors: Castellanos Paula L. , Satashia Parthkumar , Punj Mantavya , Castillo Pablo R. , Colaco Brendon M. , Dredla Brynn K. , Festic Emir , Kaplan Joseph , Ruoff Chad M. , Speicher Leigh L. , Walsh Katherine L. , Werninck Natalia , Yin Mingyuan , Burger Charles D. , Arunthari Vichaya , Cheung Joseph
Published: July 2023

Background and objectives

We conducted a cross-sectional study to identify the presence of sleep disturbance and sleep disordered breathing in post-hospitalized patients with COVID-19 compared to a cohort of patients with no prior COVID-19 infection.

Methods

Patients who were discharged from Mayo Clinic after hospitalization for COVID-19 and who had no existing diagnosis of sleep apnea or other sleep disorders were recruited for this study as cases. Patients who never had COVID-19 infection, nor any existing diagnosis of sleep apnea or other sleep disorders, were recruited from outpatient clinics as controls. Participants completed Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and Fatigue Severity Scale questionnaires, as well as a home sleep apnea test.

Results

Forty-seven COVID-19 cases and 46 controls completed questionnaires. Cases were significantly older, with a median age of 56.0 vs. controls (50.5) and were found to have slightly worse sleep quality, a higher degree of daytime sleepiness, and a slightly higher degree of fatigue. In terms of sleep disordered breathing, 39 cases and 40 controls completed the home sleep apnea test. Obstructive sleep apnea, defined by an AHI score of 5 or higher, was found in a remarkable 97.4% of cases vs. 72.5% in controls. Severity of OSA also trended higher in the case group. However, the difference in AHI was not significant after adjusting for age and BMI.

Conclusion

Patients who were hospitalized with COVID-19 showed a very high prevalence of OSA. In addition, they had a slightly higher degree of sleep disturbance, daytime sleepiness, and fatigue when compared to controls. Our results suggest that sleep medicine assessment in patients who had COVID-19 requiring hospitalization is warranted.
Preparation of alkali-soluble polysaccharide from Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels and its effects on properties of chitosan-based edible film
Authors: Ren Yuan-Yuan , Fang Juan-Li , Gong Rui-Zhi , Xiang Zi-Ling , Sun Peng-Peng
Published: July 2023

In this study, alkali-soluble polysaccharide from wampee (ASP-W) was prepared and its effect on chitosan-based composite film was investigated. Preliminary characterization of ASP-W showed it was a kind of typical homogeneous polysaccharide, with a molecular weight of 1.5 × 103 KDa. Infrared spectroscopy proved the successful combination of ASP-W with chitosan. Meanwhile, composite film exhibited increased thickness, water solubility percentage, and swelling ratio and decreased moisture content. In terms of optical transmittance, composite films showed excellent UV barrier capability below 400 nm. Mechanical tests demonstrated tensile strength up to 24.84 MPa at ASP-W 1.5% and elongation at break up to 27.93% at ASP-W 4.5%. Composite films also possessed better barrier properties. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) results also indicated better thermostability of composite films. DPPH radical scavenging reached 46.84% at ASP-W 1.5% and hydroxyl radical scavenging peaked at 97.16% at ASP-W 3%. In summary, ASP-W can improve optical, mechanical, barrier, and thermal stability and antioxidant properties of chitosan film, which provided a certain reference for the development and utilization of polysaccharide in edible packaging film.
Minimizing Interference-to-Signal Ratios in Multi-Cell Telecommunication Networks
Authors: Erdős Péter L. , Mezei Tamás Róbert
Published: July 2023

In contemporary wireless communication networks, base stations are organized into coordinated clusters (called cells) to jointly serve the users. However, such fixed systems are plagued by the so-called cell-edge problem: near the boundaries, the interference between neighboring clusters can result in very poor interference-to-signal power ratios. To achieve a high-quality service, it is an important objective to minimize the sum of these ratios over the cells. The most common approach to solving this minimization problem is arguably the spectral clustering method. In this paper, we propose a new clustering approach, which is deterministic and computationally much less demanding than current methods. Simulating on synthetic instances indicates that our methods typically provide higher quality solutions than earlier methods.
Review of Alternative Sustainable Fuels for Hybrid Rocket Propulsion
Authors: Barato Francesco
Published: July 2023

Hybrid rockets using specific oxidizer–fuel combinations are considered a green alternative to current propulsion systems, as they do not release very toxic or polluting exhausts, but only much less harmful substances such as carbon monoxide/dioxide and soot. However, in a long-term vision where space access and rocket transportation become a daily routine all around the world, the simple use of current green propellants could begin to become insufficient if the rest of the industry already follows much stricter rules, which are expected to tighten significantly in the future, thereby making emissions from rocket flights no more negligible. In this paper, the possible use of alternative sustainable solid fuels for hybrid rockets that are not derived from fossil fuels and are ideally carbon neutral is investigated and discussed based on the available data in the hybrid literature and on the literature related to renewable fuels in general. Even if this topic is apparently far away from the current necessities, as hybrid propulsion is not yet operational, it is paramount to consider a long-term vision and associated research efforts to make sure that the potential hybrid propulsion introduction to the commercial market is more than a simple flash in the pan, but offers a solid opportunity.
Comparison of Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Identifying Soft Tissue Abnormalities in the Palmar Aspect of the Equine Digit
Authors: Barrett Myra F. , Goorchenko Georgette E. , Frisbie David D.
Published: July 2023

Damage to the soft tissue structures of the digit is a common source of equine lameness. While magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows for the most complete diagnostic imaging of the equine digit, ultrasound is more readily available and less expensive. This prospective diagnostic accuracy study compares ultrasound to MRI for the diagnosis of injuries visible with ultrasound within the digit, including the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT), collateral sesamoidean ligament (CSL), and navicular bursa. Clinical patients underwent an MRI of the digit and a blinded ultrasound of the digit between the heel bulbs, and results of the two modalities were compared. A total of 70 ultrasound and MRI exams of 45 horses were included. Ultrasound had good sensitivity (85%), moderate specificity (60%), and accuracy of 70% for evaluating the dorsal tearing of the DDFT. Accuracy was lower for navicular bursa effusion (67%), navicular bursa proliferation (61%), and CSL enlargement (61%). Tearing of the DDFT distal to the navicular bone was identified with MRI in 27 limbs, 20 of which also had dorsal damage proximal to the navicular bone identified with ultrasound. Ultrasound evaluation remains a useful screening tool, particularly for the assessment of DDFT tearing proximal to the navicular bone but risks under-diagnosing pathology to the navicular bursa and CSL. Clinically significant concurrent damage to the distal DDFT and other osseous and soft tissues in the hoof capsule is unlikely to be identified without MRI.
An Assessment of Scientific Evidence Relating to the Effect of Early Experience on the Risk of Human-Directed Aggression by Adult Dogs
Authors: Baslington-Davies Ann , Howell Helen , Hogue Todd E. , Mills Daniel S.
Published: July 2023

Human-directed aggression by domestic dogs is a major worldwide public health problem. The causes of aggression are complex, and research in this area often has to balance ecological validity with pragmatic controls; accordingly, it often does not meet the thresholds for quality typically used in reviews applying a classical “evidence-based” approach. Here, we propose a method of literature assessment that makes the “best use” of available evidence to identify and synthesise evidence relating to the most likely risk factors reported in the scientific literature. We used a systematic review process to initially identify relevant literature relating to potential early life experience (i.e., in the first six months of life) risk factors in the dog for human-directed aggression in the adult animal. Fourteen papers met our initial screening process and were subsequently analysed in detail, with data extracted and effect sizes calculated where possible. This highlighted the potential importance of the source of the animal, the age at which it was rehomed, the reason for the acquisition, the experience level of the owner, the animal’s socialisation experiences, the consistent husbandry and management practices, the training, the sex ratio of the litter and the history of dogs that display aggression in the pedigree as risk factors. Taken together, it seems that early experiences which limit the ability to develop effective coping strategies and routines may be particularly important. We provide guidance for the future standardised reporting of risk related to human-directed aggression by dogs to allow greater synthesis of the literature in the future.
Optimised Stable Lighting Strengthens Circadian Clock Gene Rhythmicity in Equine Hair Follicles
Authors: Collery Aileen , Browne John A. , O’Brien Christiane , Sheridan John T. , Murphy Barbara A.
Published: July 2023

Hair follicles (HF) represent a useful tissue for monitoring the circadian clock in mammals. Irregular light exposure causes circadian disruption and represents a welfare concern for stabled horses. We aimed to evaluate the impact of two stable lighting regimes on circadian clock gene rhythmicity in HF from racehorses. Two groups of five Thoroughbred racehorses in training at a commercial racehorse yard were exposed to standard incandescent light or a customized LED lighting system. The control group received light from incandescent bulbs used according to standard yard practice. The treatment group received timed, blue-enriched white LED light by day and dim red LED light at night. On weeks 0 and 20, mane hairs were collected at 4 h intervals for 24 h. Samples were stored in RNAlater at −20 °C. RNA was isolated and samples interrogated by quantitative PCR for the core clock genes: ARNTL, CRY1, PER1, PER2, NR1D2, and the clock-controlled gene DBP. Cosinor analyses revealed 24 h rhythmicity for NR1D2 and PER2 and approached significance for CRY1 (p = 0.013, p = 0.013, and p = 0.051, respectively) in week 20 in the treatment group only. No rhythmicity was detected in week 0 or in week 20 in the HF of control horses. Results suggest that lighting practices in racehorse stables may be improved to better stimulate optimum functioning of the circadian system.
Small-Molecule Loaded Biomimetic Biphasic Scaffold for Osteochondral Regeneration: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study
Authors: Fang Chih-Hsiang , Lin Yi-Wen , Sun Chung-Kai , Sun Jui-Sheng
Published: July 2023

Osteoarthritis is a prevalent musculoskeletal disorder in the elderly, which leads to high rates of morbidity. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising approach to promote tissue regeneration in the absence of effective long-term treatments. Small molecules are relatively inexpensive and can selectively alter stem cell behavior during their differentiation, making them an attractive option for clinical applications. In this study, we developed an extracellular matrix (ECM)-based biphasic scaffold (BPS) loaded with two small-molecule drugs, kartogenin (KGN) and metformin (MET). This cell-free biomimetic biphasic scaffold consists of a bone (gelatin/hydroxyapatite scaffold embedded with metformin [GHSM]) and cartilage (nano-gelatin fiber embedded with kartogenin [NGFK]) layer designed to stimulate osteochondral regeneration. Extracellular matrix (ECM)-based biomimetic scaffolds can promote native cell recruitment, infiltration, and differentiation even in the absence of additional growth factors. The biphasic scaffold (BPS) showed excellent biocompatibility in vitro, with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) adhering, proliferating, and differentiated on the biomimetic biphasic scaffolds (GHSM and NGFK layers). The biphasic scaffolds upregulated both osteogenic and chondrogenic gene expression, sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG), osteo- and chondrogenic biomarker, and relative mRNA gene expression. In an in vivo rat model, histo-morphological staining showed effective regeneration of osteochondral defects. This novel BPS has the potential to enhance both subchondral bone repair and cartilage regeneration, demonstrating excellent effects on cell homing and the recruitment of endogenous stem cells.
Current Status of Oral Disease-Modifying Treatment Effects on Cognitive Outcomes in Multiple Sclerosis: A Scoping Review
Authors: Carlomagno Vincenzo , Mirabella Massimiliano , Lucchini Matteo
Published: July 2023

Introduction. Cognitive impairment represents one of the most hidden and disabling clinical aspects of multiple sclerosis (MS). In this regard, the major challenges are represented by the need for a comprehensive and standardised cognitive evaluation of each patient, both at disease onset and during follow-up, and by the lack of clear-cut data on the effects of treatments. In the present review, we summarize the current evidence on the effects of the available oral disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) on cognitive outcome measures. Materials and Methods. In this systematised review, we extract all the studies that reported longitudinally acquired cognitive outcome data on oral DMTs in MS patients. Results. We found 29 studies that evaluated at least one oral DMT, including observational studies, randomised controlled trials, and their extension studies. Most of the studies (n = 20) evaluated sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) modulators, while we found seven studies on dimethyl fumarate, six on teriflunomide, and one on cladribine. The most frequently used cognitive outcome measures were SDMT and PASAT. Most of the studies reported substantial stability or mild improvement in cognitive outcomes in a short-time follow-up (duration of most studies ≤2 years). A few studies also reported MRI measures of brain atrophy. Conclusion. Cognitive outcomes were evaluated only in a minority of prospective studies on oral DMTs in MS patients with variable findings. More solid and numerous data are present for the S1P modulators. A standardised cognitive evaluation remains a yet unmet need to better clarify the possible positive effect of oral DMTs on cognition.
In Silico Evaluation of HN-N07 Small Molecule as an Inhibitor of Angiogenesis and Lymphangiogenesis Oncogenic Signatures in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Chen Lung-Ching , Mokgautsi Ntlotlang , Kuo Yu-Cheng , Wu Alexander T. H. , Huang Hsu-Shan
Published: July 2023

Tumor angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis pathways have been identified as important therapeutic targets in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Bevacizumab, which is a monoclonal antibody, was the initial inhibitor of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis that received approval for use in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in combination with chemotherapy. Despite its usage, patients may still develop resistance to the treatment, which can be attributed to various histological subtypes and the initiation of treatment at advanced stages of cancer. Due to their better specificity, selectivity, and safety compared to chemotherapy, small molecules have been approved for treating advanced NSCLC. Based on the development of multiple small-molecule antiangiogenic drugs either in house and abroad or in other laboratories to treat NSCLC, we used a quinoline-derived small molecule—HN-N07—as a potential target drug for NSCLC. Accordingly, we used computational simulation tools and evaluated the drug-likeness properties of HN-N07. Moreover, we identified target genes, resulting in the discovery of the target BIRC5/HIF1A/FLT4 pro-angiogenic genes. Furthermore, we used in silico molecular docking analysis to determine whether HN-N07 could potentially inhibit BIRC5/HIF1A/FLT4. Interestingly, the results of docking HN-N07 with the BIRC5, FLT4, and HIF1A oncogenes revealed unique binding affinities, which were significantly higher than those of standard inhibitors. In summary, these results indicate that HN-N07 shows promise as a potential inhibitor of oncogenic signaling pathways in NSCLC. Ongoing studies that involve in vitro experiments and in vivo investigations using tumor-bearing mice are in progress, aiming to evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness of the HN-N07 small molecule.