bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of brain edema formation defined by MRI after LINAC-based stereotactic radiosurgery
Authors: Harat Maciej , Lebioda Andrzej , Lasota Judyta , Makarewicz Roman
Published: April 2017

Background

Peri-lesional edema is a serious and well-known complication of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). Here we evaluated edema risk after SRS and assessed its formation and resolution dynamics.

Patients and methods

107 patients underwent SRS for heterogeneous diagnoses: 34 (29%) with arteriovenous malformations, 38 (35%) with meningiomas, 16 (15%) with metastatic tumors, 16 (15%) with acoustic neuromas, 3 with (3%) cavernomas, and 2 (2%) each with anaplastic astrocytomas and anaplastic oligoastrocytomas. Edema area was delineated in MRI T2-FLAIR sequences 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 38 months after treatment. Lesion location was defined as either above (n = 80) or below (n = 32) the “Frankfurt modified line” (FML).

Results

17% of patients developed or had worsening post-treatment edema. Edema volume was maximal at 6 months (mean 7.2, SD 1.2) post radiosurgery. Post-SRS edema was 5.1 (1.06 – 24.53) times more likely in patients with lesions above the FML. There was no association between edema development and age, PTV size, number of beams, and diagnosis (p = 0.07).

Conclusions

Radiosurgery-associated edema develops within 6 months of treatment and decreases over time. Edema occurrence is strongly related to lesion location, and its presence is much more likely when the treated lesions are situated above the Frankfurt line.
Critical time point for apoptotic cell death in an experimental ischemia/reperfusion model and the effect of N-acetylcystein
Authors: Ozsarlak-Sozer Gonen , Emre Mustafa , Demirkol Serhat , Açıkalın Arbil , Çetiner Salih , Topçu Zeki , Demir-Dora Devrim
Published: April 2017

Objective

Kidney transplantation is an important treatment option in end stage renal failure. Tissue death may be an important problem when a kidney is removed from a cadaver and transported to a donor a long distance away. The purpose of this study is to determine the critical time point for apoptotic cell death in a renal ischemia/reperfusion model and determine the effects of N-acetylcystein on apoptosis induced by ischemia injury.

Methods

Apoptotic cell death after induced renal ischemia followed by reperfusion, was estimated in a group of Wistar albino rats by immunoflourescence and ELISA techniques. N-acetylcystein, an antioxidant agent, was given to the rats to study the effect on apoptosis. Tissues were examined immunohistochemically at 0, 1 h, 24 h, 5 days and 10 days for detection of apoptotic cells.

Results

Our results showed that an ischemia for 60 min followed by reperfusion for 60 min triggered apoptosis. Moreover, N-acetylcystein significantly diminished both the ischemia/reperfusion damage and apoptosis.

Conclusion

We anticipate our results would be important for kidney transplantation in estimating the critical time point for apoptosis and administration of N-acetylcystein prior to removal of the organ may be important in delaying the onset of apoptosis.
PDF Simulations of the Ignition of Hydrogen/Air, Ethylene/Air and Propane/Air Mixtures by Hot Transient Jets
Authors: Fischer Simon , Markus Detlev , Ghorbani Asghar , Maas Ulrich
Published: April 2017

A numerical investigation is carried out to study ignition events of different premixed stoichiometric fuel/air mixtures by hot exhaust gas jets. The simulations are performed for premixed, stoichiometric hydrogen/air, ethylene/air and propane/air mixtures in configurations relevant to safety applications. The ignition events of the different fuel/air mixtures by their corresponding exhaust gas jet are examined qualitatively analyzing processes and conditions leading to ignition. A stand-alone probability density function (PDF) method in connection with a projection method (PM) to calculate the mean pressure is used to model the turbulent flow. The transport equation for the joint velocity – turbulent frequency – scalar PDF is solved by a Monto Carlo/particle method. In order to reduce the computational costs concerning the chemical kinetics the reaction diffusion manifolds (REDIM) technique is used to get an appropriate reduced kinetic scheme.
Anisotropic Nature of Raw, Radially Strained, and Radially Strained and Aged Steel Tubes
Authors: Strickland J. N. , Ohl B. , Chitwood G. , Krishnan K. , Kohn G. , Young M. L.
Published: April 2017

Because of the difficulty of measuring anisotropy in steel tubes, industries often rate overall tube strength based on tensile properties of the raw steel, or of the steel in a single direction (along the axis of the tube). This paper discusses the use of mini-tensile testing to develop a much more accurate way of assessing the anisotropic strength of these steel tubes, which is typically unobtainable through conventional tensile testing. In this study, the amount of anisotropy is determined within the tube by measuring the yield strength of the steel in three conditions (raw, strained, and strained and aged), three orientations (radial, transverse (hoop), axial (longitudinal), and locations (inner diameter, neutral axis, and outer diameter) within the tube. The data shows that the strength is approximately 10 % greater for the strained and strained and aged steels in the transverse direction than in the axial direction because of work hardening during the upsetting process. Microstructural examination using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy was used to explain the mini-tensile test results and to support the observation that the steel tubes are more likely to fail in axial tension than in burst (internal pressure radially outward) and collapse (external pressure radially inward).
Unusual semi‐extractability as a hallmark of nuclear body‐associated architectural noncoding RNAs
Authors: Chujo Takeshi , Yamazaki Tomohiro , Kawaguchi Tetsuya , Kurosaka Satoshi , Takumi Toru , Nakagawa Shinichi , Hirose Tetsuro
Published: April 2017

NEAT1_2 long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is the molecular scaffold of paraspeckle nuclear bodies. Here, we report an improved RNA extraction method: extensive needle shearing or heating of cell lysate in RNA extraction reagent improved NEAT1_2 extraction by 20‐fold (a property we term “semi‐extractability”), whereas using a conventional method NEAT1_2 was trapped in the protein phase. The improved extraction method enabled us to estimate that approximately 50 NEAT1_2 molecules are present in a single paraspeckle. Another architectural lncRNA, IGS16, also exhibited similar semi‐extractability. A comparison of RNA‐seq data from needle‐sheared and control samples revealed the existence of multiple semi‐extractable RNAs, many of which were localized in subnuclear granule‐like structures. The semi‐extractability of NEAT1_2 correlated with its association with paraspeckle proteins and required the prion‐like domain of the RNA‐binding protein FUS. This observation suggests that tenacious RNA–protein and protein–protein interactions, which drive nuclear body formation, are responsible for semi‐extractability. Our findings provide a foundation for the discovery of the architectural RNAs that constitute nuclear bodies.
Rising maternal circulating GH during murine pregnancy suggests placental regulation
Authors: Gatford Kathryn L , Muhlhausler Beverly S , Huang Lili , Sim Pamela Su-Lin , Roberts Claire T , Velhuis Johannes D , Chen Chen
Published: April 2017

Placenta-derived hormones including growth hormone (GH) in humans contribute to maternal adaptation to pregnancy, and intermittent maternal GH administration increases foetal growth in several species. Both patterns and abundance of circulating GH are important for its activity, but their changes during pregnancy have only been reported in humans and rats. The aim of the present study was to characterise circulating profiles and secretory characteristics of GH in non-pregnant female mice and throughout murine pregnancy. Circulating GH concentrations were measured in whole blood (2 μL) collected every 10 min for 6 h in non-pregnant diestrus female C57Bl/6J mice (n = 9), and pregnant females at day 8.5–9.5 (early pregnancy, n = 8), day 12.5–13.5 (mid-pregnancy, n = 7) and day 17.5 after mating (late pregnancy, n = 7). Kinetics and secretory patterns of GH secretion were determined by deconvolution analysis, while orderliness and regularity of serial GH concentrations were calculated by approximate entropy analysis. Circulating GH was pulsatile in all groups. Mean circulating GH and total and basal GH secretion rates increased markedly from early to mid-pregnancy, and then remained elevated. Pulse frequency and pulsatile GH secretion rate were similar between groups. The irregularity of GH pulses was higher in all pregnant groups than that in non-pregnant mice. Increased circulating GH in murine pregnancy is consistent with an important role for this hormone in maternal adaptation to pregnancy and placental development. The timing of increased basal secretion from mid-pregnancy, concurrent with the formation of the chorioallantoic placenta and initiation of maternal blood flow through it, suggests regulation of pituitary secretion by placenta-derived factors.
Quantitative Assessment of Fat Levels inCaenorhabditis elegansUsing Dark Field Microscopy
Authors: Fouad Anthony D , Pu Shelley H , Teng Shelly , Mark Julian R , Fu Moyu , Zhang Kevin , Huang Jonathan , Raizen David M , Fang-Yen Christopher
Published: April 2017

The roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans is widely used as a model for studying conserved pathways for fat storage, aging, and metabolism. The most broadly used methods for imaging fat in C. elegans require fixing and staining the animal. Here, we show that dark field images acquired through an ordinary light microscope can be used to estimate fat levels in worms. We define a metric based on the amount of light scattered per area, and show that this light scattering metric is strongly correlated with worm fat levels as measured by Oil Red O (ORO) staining across a wide variety of genetic backgrounds and feeding conditions. Dark field imaging requires no exogenous agents or chemical fixation, making it compatible with live worm imaging. Using our method, we track fat storage with high temporal resolution in developing larvae, and show that fat storage in the intestine increases in at least one burst during development.
Proteomics Analysis Identifies Orthologs of Human Chitinase-Like Proteins as Inducers of Tube Morphogenesis Defects inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Zimmerman Sandra G , Merrihew Gennifer E , MacCoss Michael J , Berg Celeste A
Published: April 2017

Two papers in this issue demonstrate novel proteomic approaches that enhance genetic analysis. Matsuoka et al. investigated how diet-regulated........

Elevated levels of human chitinase-like proteins (CLPs) are associated with numerous chronic inflammatory diseases and several cancers, often correlating with poor prognosis. Nevertheless, there is scant knowledge of their function. The CLPs normally mediate immune responses and wound healing and, when upregulated, they can promote disease progression by remodeling tissue, activating signaling cascades, stimulating proliferation and migration, and by regulating adhesion. We identified Imaginal disc growth factors (Idgfs), orthologs of human CLPs CHI3L1, CHI3L2, and OVGP1, in a proteomics analysis designed to discover factors that regulate tube morphogenesis in a Drosophila melanogaster model of tube formation. We implemented a novel approach that uses magnetic beads to isolate a small population of specialized ovarian cells, cells that nonautonomously regulate morphogenesis of epithelial tubes that form and secrete eggshell structures called dorsal appendages (DAs). Differential mass spectrometry analysis of these cells detected elevated levels of four of the six Idgf family members (Idgf1, Idgf2, Idgf4, and Idgf6) in flies mutant for bullwinkle (bwk), which encodes a transcription factor and is a known regulator of DA-tube morphogenesis. We show that, during oogenesis, dysregulation of Idgfs (either gain or loss of function) disrupts the formation of the DA tubes. Previous studies demonstrate roles for Drosophila Idgfs in innate immunity, wound healing, and cell proliferation and motility in cell culture. Here, we identify a novel role for Idgfs in both normal and aberrant tubulogenesis processes.
Systemkrisenbewältigung durch Bankenabwicklung? Aktuelle Bemerkungen zu unrealistischen Erwartungen
Authors: Binder Jens-Hinrich
Published: April 2017

Mit der Krise des italienischen Kreditinstituts Monte dei Paschi di Siena ist der in Reaktion auf die Finanzkrise neu geschaffene Rechtsrahmen für die Sanierung und Abwicklung von Kreditinstituten und Wertpapierfirmen einer ersten Feuertaufe unterworfen worden. Dass der italienische Staat das Institut durch Rettungsmaßnahmen stützen will, wirft die Frage auf, ob das neue Recht versagt hat – oder ob dagegen verstoßen wird. Der Beitrag nimmt dies zum Anlass, die Tauglichkeit des durch die Bankenabwicklungsrichtlinie von 2014 und die SRM-Verordnung eingeführten Rechtsrahmens für die Anwendung in systemischen Krisen zu untersuchen. Er plädiert für mehr Realitätsnähe bei der Einschätzung der Leistungsfähigkeit dieses Rechtsrahmens und analysiert vor diesem Hintergrund die nach beiden Rechtsakten verbleibenden Spielräume für Stützungsmaßnahmen zu Gunsten insolvenzgefährdeter Banken.
Doch keine Generalamnestie im Kapitalmarktstrafrecht
Authors: Kudlich Hans
Published: April 2017

Kurz nach dem Inkrafttreten der Änderungen des WpHG durch das Erste Finanzmarktnovellierungsgesetz vom 30. 6. 2016 (BGBl I, 1514) ist die Frage aufgeworfen worden, ob eine unglückliche Regelung über das Inkrafttreten der Änderungen aufgrund einer fehlerhaften Harmonisierung mit dem Inkrafttreten der in Bezug genommenen Marktmissbrauchsverordnung (VO (EU) Nr. 596/2014 des Europäischen Parlaments und des Rates vom 16. 4. 2014, ABl Nr. L 173 v. 12. 6. 2014, S. 1) nicht nur zu einer Strafbarkeitslücke für einen Tag, sondern – wegen des Günstigkeitsprinzips des § 2 Abs. 3 StGB – zu einer unbeabsichtigten Generalamnestie für alle früheren und noch nicht abgeurteilten Straftaten (und Ordnungswidrigkeiten) nach dem WpHG geführt hat. Der 5. Strafsenat hat diese verneint und keine Ahndungslücke angenommen.
К вопросу о формировании польскиx говоров в Литве: полемика вокруг Г. Турской
Authors: Ушинскиене Виктория
Published: April 2017

One of the most controversial problems in Polish historical dialectology is the ques­tion of the genesis of the Polish language in the North-East Borderland of Poland, i.e., the variety of the Polish language which has developed in the former territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL). Some important aspects of the evolution of this language – first of all – its dialectical substrate and the chronology of the development of its different variants, have still not received an unambiguous interpretation, and this has inspired fur­ther scientific research. Тhe article deals with the systematization of the main approaches to the chronology of the formation of Polish dialects in Lithuania. It includes a system­ic survey of the concepts made by important researchers of the Polish language of the borderland, such as K. Nitsch, H. Turska, J. Rieger, I. Grek-Pabisowa, I. Maryniakowa, V. Chekmonas and others.Historical circumstances in the GDL created a special relationship between the local Polish subdialects and the standard (cultural) dialect. Within the conditions of the autoch­thonic development of the language, its official sub-system is formed on the basis of the dialects, while we can observe the reverse process in Lithuania, as the Polish standard dialect was formed there much earlier than the rural dialects. The areas of the Polish rural subdialects had been formed in the GDL around the second half of the 19th century as a result of the gradual polonization of the Lithuanian and Belarusian countryside. The at­tempts of several scholars to shift the time of their formation to an earlier period of time, namely to the 16th-18th centuries, seem to be insufficiently convincing.
Współczesne gwary białoruskie na wschodniej Litwie (rejony ignaliński i święciański)
Authors: Jankowiak Mirosław
Published: April 2017

The aim of the article is to present contemporary Belarusian dialects functioning in Eastern Lithuania (in the regions of Ignalina and Švenčionys), which have not been the subject of comprehensive linguistic research. The basis for the analysis are the author’s own materials, which were collected during field research in 2014-2016. The structure of these Belarusian dialects (selected features in phonetics, morphology, syntax, vocabulary and phraseology) as well as the sociolinguistic aspect of their functioning in a multilin­gual environment are demonstrated in the article.
Вербальные особенности городского пространствакак часть национальной коммуникативной культуры
Authors: Лихачева Алла Борисовна
Published: April 2017

In works dedicated to the Russian communication culture, the theme of correlation between the linguistic aspects of urban space and the features of Russian communication remains untouched. At the same time, it can be assumed that in the overall context of national communication culture, proper attention should be paid to the names of urban objects, as they are like an identifying mark of the city, transmitting important sociocul­tural information about it and objectifying the communication tonality and style between the city and the urban community.The paper discusses linguistic means by which communication is formed in the urban space, in line with the principles of Russian communication culture, implying closeness of the interacting parties and their awareness of the rules of such communication. In ad­dition, the names of urban objects produce the effect of being part of a national lingua­cultural habitat.
ELASTISITAS PERMINTAAN FAKTOR PRODUKSI PADA TEKNOLOGI BUDIDAYA UDANG WINDU (penaeus monodon) DI JAWA TIMUR
Authors: Pasaribu Ali Musa
Published: April 2017

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui elastisilas permintaan faktor produksi budidaya udang secara agregat (intensif, semiintensif, dan ekstensif) pada musim tanarn ke satu dan ke dua di Jawa Timur dengan metode survei selama 6 bulan (Oktober 1993 - Agustus 1994).
PEMANFAATAN BAKTERI SEBAGAI KONTROL BIOLOGI DALAM PEMELIHARAAN LARVA UDANG WINDU (Penaeus monodon)
Authors: Roza Des , Zafran Zafran
Published: April 2017

Suatu penelitian pemanfaatan bakteri scbagai kontrol biologi dalam mengendalikan popuilsi vibrio harveyi tetap pada batas aman telah dilakukan di Laboratorium Penyakit Loka Penelitian Perikanan Pantai Gondol, Bali. Tiga puluh lirna bakteri penghambat telah berhasil diisolasi dari berbagai sumber.
Physical therapies in 19th century Aotearoa/New Zealand: Part 3 – Rotorua spa and discussion
Authors: Nicholls David A. , Harwood Grayson
Published: April 2017

This is the final paper reporting on a historiographic study of physical therapies in 19th century Aotearoa/New Zealand. Here we focus on the development of the Rotorua Spa in the final decades of the 19th century and follow the methodological framework of the first two papers by exploring the physical therapies and practitioners that were associated with the spa. The paper examines how the spa also represents the embodiment of changing attitudes towards Mäori, the role of central government, and the value of centrally organised healthcare. The second half of the paper provides a discussion of the main questions raised by the study, and considers the role that luxury and surplus may have played in the development of physical therapies in 19th century Aotearoa/New Zealand.
Changes in walking levels of people with stroke following discharge from hospital: A pilot study
Authors: Timothy Emily Kate , Bown Braidie-Jean , Beever Rachael M. , Mulligan Hilda F.
Published: April 2017

This study aimed to investigate changes in walking levels of independently mobile individuals following a stroke between the inpatient setting and the home environment, both directly after discharge and in the longer term. Forty-three participants who had a stroke as their primary diagnosis and who could walk 10 metres without the support of another person on discharge from hospital completed the study. The Step-Watch Activity Monitor, six minute walk test, 10 metre walk test, and the Stroke Impact Scale were used to measure outcome. There was a significant increase in number of steps taken per day between 3–14 days and 4–6 months post-discharge (p = 0.0001). Walking speed, six minute walk test, perceived mobility and perceived ability to perform activities of daily living all had strong positive correlations with average amount of steps at 4–6 months post-discharge from hospital and could therefore be used as predictors of walking level in the longer term. However, step counts are still below those required for health benefits. This suggests it is beneficial for further emphasis to be placed on increasing activity levels for people after stroke, even if they are able to mobilise independently on discharge home.
Rotator cuff repair protocols: A survey of current New Zealand practice
Authors: Harman Bronwyn , Olds Margie
Published: April 2017

Rehabilitation following surgical rotator cuff repair may enable return to pre-injury function. Optimal recovery is facilitated by the use of post-operative protocols that enhance communication between the surgeon and physiotherapist. The purpose of this study was to describe the rotator cuff repair rehabilitation protocols currently used in New Zealand. Orthopaedic surgeons practising in New Zealand were contacted to determine their current rehabilitation protocols. Length of immobilisation and exercise progression following surgical repair were analysed across weekly timeframes from the day of surgery until nine months post-operatively. The response rate was 55% with protocols received from 31 surgeons. Post-surgical rotator cuff protocols currently in use in New Zealand are predominantly determined by weekly time periods which vary from surgeon to surgeon. Immobilisation was most commonly recommended for four to six weeks, pendular exercises were started the week of surgery, active exercises commenced at six weeks, followed by resisted exercises at twelve weeks. Few protocols based the rehabilitation upon tissue quality and size of rotator cuff tear. Level of detail regarding sets and repetitions of exercises also differed between protocols. Variability across protocols was evident regarding the recommended activity level and time period from surgery. Consideration of tissue quality, size of the tear and strength of the repair is recommended to facilitate optimal results.
Roles of packing density and water film thickness in strength and durability of limestone fines concrete
Authors: Li Leo Gu , Chen Jia-Jian , Kwan Albert K. H.
Published: April 2017

Recent studies have revealed that the use of limestone fines (LF) to replace an equal volume of cementitious paste in concrete could improve the strength and durability of the concrete and reduce the carbon dioxide footprint of concrete production. However, there are different views on how and why the use of LF as a cementitious paste replacement without changing the mix composition of the paste could increase the performance of hardened concrete, bearing in mind that LF are not inherently cementitious. In this work, the effects of the addition of LF on the packing density and water film thickness (WFT) of concrete mixes were investigated, and the roles of packing density and WFT were studied by correlating the strength and durability to the voids ratio (determined from the packing density) and WFT. Based on the results of this study, it is suggested that the use of LF as a cementitious paste replacement improves strength and durability mainly through increasing the packing density (the same as decreasing the voids ratio) and decreasing the WFT of the concrete mix.
Proposal for improved nuclear fuel utilisation and economic performance by utilising thorium
Authors: Du Toit Marina , Chirayath Sunil
Published: April 2017

A systematic and strategic nuclear power reactor deployment roadmap has been developed for South Africa within the national strategic plan, utilizing thorium-based fuel. The roadmap was developed through analysis of economical, strategic and historical aspects. The accumulated advantages of thorium-based fuels are summarized, which could form the initiative to implement thorium-based nuclear fuels in South Africa. A timeline (which forms the basis of the roadmap) was constructed and consists of three different phases. Phase 1 starts in 2015 and extends to 2030. Phase 2 starts in 2031 and ends in 2044 whilst Phase 3 is from 2045 to 2060. Each phase is discussed with regard to construction, implementation and research activities. This roadmap starts at current pressurized water reactors (PWRs) and advances to future reactor technologies, using an evolutionary approach. In addition to the results reported in this paper, the economic advantages to introducing thorium as a fertile component in PWR fuels as compared to once-through conventional uranium-only cycles is explored (Du Toit & Cilliers, 2014). The economic evaluation compares uranium fuel to thorium-uranium fuel in terms of the fuel cycle costs, reactor downtime costs due to refuelling and income derived from electricity sales.
Energy supply in Malawi: Options and issues
Authors: Taulo John L. , Gondwe Kenneth Joseph , Sebitosi Adoniya Ben
Published: April 2017

Inadequate energy supply is one of the major problems confronting Malawi and limiting its social, economic and industrial development. This paper reviews the current status of energy supply and demand in Malawi; examines the major sources of energy, current exploitation status and their potential contribution to the electricity supply of the country; discusses key issues facing the energy sector; and identifies broad strategies to be implemented to tackle the energy supply challenges. Using secondary data for its critical analysis, the paper also presents modelling of long-term energy demand forecast in the economic sectors of Malawi using the Model for Analysis of Energy Demand (MAED) for a study period from 2008-2030. Three scenarios namely reference (REF), moderate growth (MGS) and accelerated growth (AGS) were formulated to simulate possible future long-term energy demand based on socio-economic and technological development with the base year of 2008. Results from all scenarios suggest an increased energy demand in consuming sectors with biomass being a dominant energy form in household and industry sectors in the study period. Forecast results reveal that energy demand will increase at an annual growth rate of 1.2% and reach 5160 ktoe in 2030 under REF scenario. The growth rates for MGS and AGS are projected at 1.5% each reaching 4639 ktoe and 5974 ktoe in 2030, respectively. The final electricity demand of about 105 ktoe in the base year will grow annually at average rates of 13.8%, 15.3% and 12.6% for REF, AGS and MGS, respectively. Over the study period 2008-2030 the annual electricity per capita will increase from about 111 kWh to 1062, 1418 and 844 kWh for the REF, AGS and MGS, respectively. The final energy intensity will decrease continuously from about 13.71 kWh/US$ in the base year to 3.88 kWh/US$, 2.98 kWh/US$ and 5.27 kWh/US$ for the REF, AGS and MGS, respectively in the year 2030. In conclusion, the paper outlines strategies that could be utilized to ensure adequate supply of modern energy which is a key ingredient for achieving sustainable social and economic growth.
Thermodynamic analysis of a direct expansion solar assisted heat pump water heater
Authors: Yousefi Masoud , Moradali Misagh
Published: April 2017

In this paper, the thermodynamic performance of a direct expansion solar assisted heat pump (DX-SAHP), which is used to heat domestic water from 20˚C to 45˚C, is theoretically investigated. The system includes a 3m2 single-cover flat plate solar collector, 0.150m3 water tank and 70m tube immersed in the water tank as a condenser. The effect of various parameters such as radiation on the collector surface, compressor speed and the ambient temperature on the coefficient of performance (COP) are calculated. Results show that obtained COP is considerably more than that of a conventional heat pump water heater when radiation on the collector is high. Also, increasing collector area and reducing compressor speed enhance COP. The same occurs when the ambient temperature increases. For instance, at an ambient temperature of 15˚C and 450 w/m2 irradiation on collector surface, the calculated COP was 6.37.
Coherence and time-frequency analysis of impulse voltage and current measurements
Authors: Dikun Jelena , Onal Emel
Published: April 2017

The aim of this paper is to point out the advantages of the use of the time-frequency analysis in the digital processing of waveforms recorded in high voltage impulse tests. Impulse voltage tests are essential to inspect and test insulation integrity of high voltage apparatus. On the other hand, generated impulse currents are used for different test applications such as investigation of high current effects, electromagnetic interference (EMI) testing, etc. Obtained voltage and current waveforms usually have some sort of interferences originated from the different sources. These interferences have to be removed from the original impulse data in order to evaluate the waveform characteristics precisely. When the interference level is high enough, it might not be possible to distinguish signal parameters from the recorded data. Conventional filtering methods cannot be useful for some interference like white noise. In that case, time-frequency filtering methods might be necessary. In this study, the wavelet analysis, which is a powerful time-frequency signal processing tool, is used to recognize the noise of impulse current and voltage data. Thus, the noise sources can be determined by short time Fourier Transform, and a coherence approach is used to determine the bandwidth of noises.
Biolistic Transformation of Amphidnium v1
Authors: Nimmo Robert , Ellen Nisbet not provided , Adrian Barbrook not provided , Chris Howe. not provided
Published: April 2017

A method to transform the chloroplast of Amphidinium carterae using biolistics. orcid.org/0000-0002-2469-0611 orcid.org/0000-0002-6975-8640 orcid.org/0000-0003-4487-196X
Interneuronal Transfer and Distal Action of Tetanus Toxin and Botulinum Neurotoxins A and D in Central Neurons
Authors: Silberstein Stephen ,   Jefferson Headache Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, US
Published: April 2017

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNT/A, BoNT/D), and tetanus toxin (TeNT) enter neurons via two separate entry pathways: a canonical synaptic vesicle recycling pathway that leads to local effects, and a distinct secondary uptake pathway that directs these toxins to a common, non- acidified, retrograde carrier.
Optimizing the Use of Outcome Measures in Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy
Authors: Allen Jeffrey A ,   Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, US,   Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, US, Gelinas Deborah F ,   Grifols Shared Services North America, North Carolina, US, Lewis Richard A ,   Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, US, Nowak Richard J ,   Division of Neuromuscular Medicine, Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, US, Wolfe Gil I ,   Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences/SUNY, Buffalo, NY, US
Published: April 2017

The challenges encountered during the assessment of patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) are many. Ideally, CIDP outcome measures capture impairments in disability, strength, and sensory dysfunction, and quality of life (QoL). A number of outcome measures have been validated for this purpose. Disability outcomes include the adjusted inflammatory neuropathy cause and treatment (INCAT) disability score, INCAT overall disability sum score (ODSS), and overall neuropathy limitations scale (ONLS). A more sensitive disability score, the inflammatory Rasch-built overall disability scale (I-RODS), has also been validated for use in clinical trials and may better capture clinically meaningful changes in those with CIDP. Strength and sensory impairment can be assessed in a number of ways, including the INCAT sensory subscore (ISS), Medical Research Council sum score, and Martin vigorimeter or Jamar dynamometer grip strength. However, the feasibility of applying and interpreting these measures during routine daily practice has been questioned. Furthermore, these outcome measures may not reflect other factors that can impair QoL in those affected by CIDP, such as pain and fatigue. A valid, reliable, and responsive composite measure that addresses all aspects of impairment faced by patients with CIDP remains an unmet need in clinical practice.
Advances in Pulmonary Care in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Mayer Oscar H ,   Division of Pulmonology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, US, Henricson Erik K ,   Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, University of California, Sacramento, US, McDonald Craig M ,   Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, University of California, Sacramento, US, Buyse Gunnar M ,   Paediatric Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium
Published: April 2017

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a degenerative neuromuscular disease leading to progressive muscle weakness and loss. This review discusses advances in understanding the natural history of DMD, as well as recent pharmacotherapies. Decline in expiratory and inspiratory pulmonary function results in ineffective airway clearance, sleep-disordered breathing and nocturnal and daytime respiratory failure. Routine measures of pulmonary function include forced vital capacity (FVC) and peak expiratory flow (PEF). Both measures follow parallel trajectories and relentlessly decline, reaching the lower limit of normal of 80% of predicted at early teenage years. Moreover, decline in PEF and FVC are closely correlated with respiratory complications and clinically relevant thresholds for FVC are defined in standard of care recommendations. Glucocorticoids (GCs) delay the onset of pulmonary function decline, but once patients have reached the 80% of predicted threshold the decline of FVC and PEF in GC users and patients not using GCs is comparable. In the successful phase III DELOS trial in DMD patients not using GCs, the short-chain benzoquinone idebenone (Raxone®, Santhera Pharmaceuticals, Liestal, Switzerland) has demonstrated statistically significant and clinically relevant efficacy on expiratory and inspiratory function in patients in the pulmonary function decline stage. These results indicate that idebenone can modify the natural course of respiratory disease progression, which is relevant in clinical practice where loss of respiratory function continues to be a predominant cause of early morbidity and mortality in DMD.
Aṣābiʿ Lūlītā: Postmodernizing the Postcolony: Nedjma and beyond
Authors: El Aref Khalid
Published: April 2017

This essay tackles the way the postcolony is refigured in Waciny Laredj’s Aṣābiʿ Lūlītā (2012). It makes use of a number of theoretical insights to uncover the interplay between the representation of the colony during the colonial period through a brief examination of the fly metaphor in Nedjma, first published in 1956, and that of the postcolony. Relying on intertextuality, the essay attempts to highlight how the metaphor of the femme fatale, a key trope in Nedjma, is relocated in the interstices between national and transnational ways of constructing Arab identity that continues to be both here and there. The intertextual nature of Aṣābiʿ complicates the postcolony as it rewrites it. This rewriting seems to highlight the tragic position of Arab characters that continue to vacillate between a traditional past and a postmodern present. Thus, Waciny Laredj subverts the femme fatale trope by making it literal and ends up shaking the very basis of the postcolonial state.
Identity Formation among Teenagers: The Role of Training Camp
Authors: Nikraftar Tayebeh
Published: April 2017

The aim of the present study was to examine the impact of jihadi camps on the identity formation of teenagers in Iran. Seventy-six campers participated in the study and were randomly divided into control (n = 42) and experimental groups (n =34). The control group does not follow the camp’s regular program while the experimental group attended to the camp’s regular program. All participants completed the Dellas Identity Status Inventory (DISI) (Dellas and Jernigan, 1987); this questionnaire consists of two subscales of achiever: commitment and exploration. The results revealed statistically significant differences on the experimental and nonexperimental group, in two specific attitude subscales. These findings imply that participation in this particular camp can have a positive influence on teenagers’ professional Identity.
Investigation of a Potential Pharmacokinetic Interaction Between Nebivolol and Fluvoxamine in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Gheldiu Ana-Maria , Vlase Laurian , Popa Adina , Briciu Corina , Muntean Dana , Bocsan Corina , Buzoianu Anca , Achim Marcela , Tomuta Ioan , Todor Ioana , Neag Maria
Published: April 2017

Purpose: To investigate whether fluvoxamine coadministration can influence the pharmacokinetic properties of nebivolol and its active hydroxylated metabolite (4-OH-nebivolol) and to assess the consequences of this potential pharmacokinetic interaction upon nebivolol pharmacodynamics. Methods: This open-label, non-randomized, sequential clinical trial consisted of two periods: Period 1 (Reference), during which each volunteer received a single dose of 5 mg nebivolol and Period 2 (Test), when a combination of 5 mg nebivolol and 100 mg fluvoxamine was given to all subjects, after a 6-days pretreatment regimen with fluvoxamine (50-100 mg/day). Non-compartmental analysis was used to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of nebivolol and its active metabolite. The pharmacodynamic parameters (blood pressure and heart rate) were assessed at rest after each nebivolol intake, during both study periods. Results: Fluvoxamine pretreatment increased Cmax and AUC0-∞  of nebivolol (Cmax: 1.67 ± 0.690  vs 2.20 ± 0.970  ng/mL; AUC0-∞: 12.1 ± 11.0  vs 19.3 ± 19.5  ng*h/mL ) and of its active metabolite (Cmax: 0.680  ± 0.220  vs 0.960 ± 0.290  ng/mL; AUC0-∞: 17.6 ±20.1  vs 25.5 ± 29.9  ng*h/mL). Apart from Cmax,AUC0-t and AUC0-∞, the other pharmacokinetic parameters (tmax, kel and t½) were not significantly different between study periods. As for the pharmacodynamic analysis, decreases in blood pressure and heart rate after nebivolol administration were similar with and without fluvoxamine concomitant intake. Conclusions: Due to enzymatic inhibition, fluvoxamine increases the exposure to nebivolol and its active hydroxylated metabolite in healthy volunteers. This did not influence the blood pressure and heart-rate lowering effects of the beta-blocker administered as single-dose. However, more detail studies involving actual patients are required to further investigate the clinical relevance of this drug interaction. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.
CPI Welcomes Maria Wallis and Cecille DePass' Special Issue
Authors: DePass Cecille , Abdi Ali
Published: April 2017

Editorial
Adapting Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Anxious Children and Adolescents
Authors: Oar Ella L. , McLellan Lauren F. , Rapee Ronald M.
Published: April 2017

This article discusses considerations for adapting cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) techniques and processes with anxious children and adolescents. To successfully deliver CBT with this population, the therapist must take into consideration the child’s developmental level and other contextual factors that may affect treatment outcome. Suggested adaptions to CBT include the use of rewards, technology, and interactive activities to increase child motivation and engagement. Moreover, dependent on the child’s or adolescent’s cognitive capacity, cognitive techniques will need to be simplified and concrete examples provided to increase children’s understanding. It may be beneficial to have parents and/or schools involved in children’s treatment to assist them to implement CBT strategies outside of the therapy setting. A case example is presented to illustrate the implementation of CBT with a child.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety and Fear in Pediatric Pain Contexts
Authors: McMurtry C. Meghan , Tomlinson Rachel M. , Genik Lara M.
Published: April 2017

Pain is a highly prevalent experience in pediatric medical populations, both in an acute form (e.g., iatrogenic pain from needle procedures) as well as in more chronic forms (e.g., as a result of arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, or as a disease/disorder in and of itself). Guided by the biopsychosocial model, the overarching objective of this work is to examine cognitive behavioral treatment of anxiety in pain contexts. Specific aims are to (a) provide a brief overview of anxiety in youth with a high fear of needles and those experiencing chronic pain, (b) review the evidence base for cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for these populations, (c) outline considerations for implementing CBT-based approaches, and (d) provide two case examples which illustrate the application of CBT in these contexts. Brief concluding remarks include suggestions for future research such as improved screening and treatment of comorbid anxiety in the context of pain.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in a One-Session Treatment for a Preschooler With Specific Phobias
Authors: Kershaw Helen , Farrell Lara J. , Donovan Caroline , Ollendick Thomas
Published: April 2017

Anxiety disorders among preschool-aged children are as prevalent as in older children, yet younger children are even less likely to receive treatment for these frequently impairing childhood disorders (Egger & Angold, 2006). Specific phobias (SPs) are often the earliest form of anxiety to onset, affect 2.3% of preschoolers (Egger & Angold, 2006), and tend to be stable from 3 years of age to at least 6 years of age (Bufferd, Dougherty, Carlson, Rose, & Klein, 2012). Recently, our group developed and piloted a modified intensive one-session treatment (OST) incorporating play therapy for preschoolers with SP (Farrell, Kershaw, & Ollendick, in press). Given that highly fearful young children may find concentrated, rapid exposure therapy highly confronting, we integrated play therapy into the commencement of this treatment to (a) assist with rapid rapport building with the therapist and (b) enhance the child’s motivation through engaging them with play. An initial, controlled, baseline case series (N = 4) provided preliminary evidence of the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of this innovative one-session (3 hours) therapy—POP! Pre-schoolers Overcoming Phobias (POP; Farrell et al., in press). The approach combines child-centered, nondirective play therapy (during Hour 1) and empirically supported OST (during Hours 2 and 3), with 4-year-old preschool children with clinical SPs of dogs. This article presents a case description of POP, describing the assessment approach, cognitive-behavioral case formulation, and intensive treatment of a 4-year-old girl who presented with a severe SP of dogs, along with various other comorbid SPs.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Older Adults With Anxiety and Cognitive Impairment: Adaptations and Illustrative Case Study
Authors: Rehm Imogen C. , Stargatt Jennifer , Willison Aaron T. , Reser Maree P. , Bhar Sunil S.
Published: April 2017

Anxiety is a prevalent condition in older adults with neurocognitive disorders such as dementia. Interventions based on cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) appear to be an emerging area of treatment innovation for treating anxiety in older adults with cognitive impairment. Drawing on the empirical literature on CBT for late-life anxiety and recent trials of CBT for anxiety in persons with mild-to-moderate dementia, this article provides an overview of the customization of CBT to the needs of older adults with anxiety and cognitive impairment. Adaptations for assessment, case conceptualization, socialization, therapeutic alliance, and treatment strategies are discussed. A case study to illustrate implementation of these adaptations is presented. Limitations to the current state of the literature on the efficacy and feasibility of CBT for anxiety in older adults with cognitive impairment are identified, and future directions for treatment research are proposed.
THE FORENSIS MODELING OF THE TRAVMATS BY THE METHOD OF THE SHOT CARTRIDGE LIGHT AND SOUND ACTION
Authors: Kulikov S. N. , Potapenko A. A.
Published: April 2017

The article deals with the forensic component of the proving in the juridical process the objective part of the crime which possibility can be realized by the method of shooting from close distance by the deactivated firearm charged with light-audible cartridges. The legal distribution and free sale of that kind of arms can’t exclude the possibility of the formation of such criminal casus. The experimental modeling of the head traumas has been performed by the means of series of shots from that kind of a gun with regard to legal restriction. Whereby the object of the shots’ recipient had the recommended in the forensic examination combine features. The proving findings of the forensic valuation of the mechanics of the origin and morphology of the modeling traumas have been pointed out. The shot of the light-audible cartridge may cause grievous traumas.
Aligning Land Use with Land Potential: The Role of Integrated Agriculture
Authors: Liebig M. A. , Herrick J. E. , Archer D. W. , Dobrowolski J. , Duiker S. W. , Franzluebbers A. J. , Hendrickson J. R. , Mitchell R. , Mohamed A. , Russell J. , Strickland T. C.
Published: April 2017

Core Ideas

Agricultural lands have varying potential based on climate, topography, and soils.

Aligning land use and potential improves sustainable delivery of ecosystem services.

Integrated agricultural systems (IAS) are uniquely adapted to variable land types.

Socioeconomic barriers to IAS implementation are significant.

Considerable research and education is needed to facilitate IAS adoption.

Contemporary agricultural land use is dominated by an emphasis on provisioning services by applying energy‐intensive inputs through relatively uniform production systems across variable landscapes. This approach to agricultural land use is not sustainable. Achieving sustainable use of agricultural land should instead focus on the application of innovative management systems that provide multiple ecosystem services on lands with varying inherent qualities. Integrated agricultural systems (IAS) represent an alternative approach to prevailing land use, whereby site‐adapted enterprises are implemented to enhance synergistic resource transfer among enterprises and sustainable delivery of ecosystem services. Sustainable deployment of IAS on agricultural land involves placing the “right enterprise” at the “right intensity” at the “right time” on the “right location,” with the inherent attributes of location providing guidance for management decisions. There is an urgent need to design IAS that enhance delivery of ecosystem services while ensuring land potential thresholds are not exceeded.