bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Small interfering RNAs generated from the terminal panhandle structure of negative-strand RNA virus promote viral infection
Authors: Zhao Wan , Li Qiong , Sun Mengqi , Luo Lan , Zhang Xiaoming , Cui Feng
Published: January 2025

Virus-derived small interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs) have been widely recognized to play an antiviral immunity role. However, it is unclear whether vsiRNAs can also play a positive role in viral infection. Here, we characterized three highly abundant vsiRNAs mapped to the genomic termini of rice stripe virus (RSV), a negative-strand RNA virus transmitted by insect vectors. The three vsiRNAs shared 11 nucleotides due to the conservative genomic termini and were likely generated from viral terminal panhandle structure, depending on both Dicer1 and Dicer2 in insects. In addition to targeting viral RNAs in a miRNA-like manner, the three vsiRNAs coordinately downregulated the expression of DOPA decarboxylase, thereby suppressing the prophenoloxidase immune reaction in insect vectors. In vsiRNA-silenced transgenic rice, the viral titer significantly decreased, indicating that these vsiRNAs promote RSV replication in rice. This study elucidates a unique function of vsiRNAs derived from the conserved panhandle structure of negative-strand RNA viruses in enhancing viral infection.
Informações de gestores dos restaurantes sobre critérios e ações relacionados à gestão da sustentabilidade em um roteiro turístico da Serra Gaúcha, Brasil
Authors: Finkler Raquel , De Conto Suzana Maria
Published: January 2025

Objetivo – O estudo tem como objetivo analisar o nível de importância de diferentes ações e critérios relacionados à gestão da sustentabilidade para gestores de restaurantes de um roteiro turístico da Serra Gaúcha (RS), Brasil.
Desenho/metodologia/abordagem – A pesquisa, de caráter exploratório e descritivo, utiliza-se da análise estatística descritiva. Como técnica de coleta de dados foi utilizada a entrevista. Foram realizadas entrevistas com gestores de restaurantes do roteiro.
Resultados – Como principais resultados destacam-se a relevância das ações e dos critérios relacionados à sustentabilidade, considerando a dimensão ambiental e a adoção de inovações tecnológicas. Com menor importância, foram sinalizadas informações relacionadas à avaliação periódica para identificação do desempenho social, à certificação ambiental e à pesquisa de satisfação da comunidade local. Destaca-se a necessidade de fortalecimento de parcerias entre restaurantes, instituições de ensino, sindicatos de classe e empresas especializadas, no sentido de fortalecer a pesquisa e a capacitação sobre sustentabilidade na cadeia do turismo.
Limitações/implicações da pesquisa – Como limitação da pesquisa, devido à coleta de dados centrar em um único roteiro turístico com sete restaurantes, os dados não podem ser generalizados. Porém, os resultados permitem identificar o nível de importância de diferentes critérios/ações de gestão da sustentabilidade, contribuindo para a formulação de indicadores de sustentabilidade.
Implicações práticas – A pesquisa evidencia que os gestores de restaurantes consideram que a sustentabilidade está fortemente relacionada aos critérios ambientais. Por sua vez, os eixos social e econômico não são claramente percebidos, o que indica a possibilidade de realização de parcerias e de pesquisas para demonstrar a relevância para a gestão de estabelecimentos gastronômicos.
Originalidade/valor – Este artigo contribui para o desenvolvimento e a consolidação da gestão para a sustentabilidade em serviços gastronômicos.
Políticas públicas de acessibilidade em turismo no Brasil
Authors: Lima Letícia Bianca Barros de Moraes , Duarte Donária Coelho
Published: January 2025

Objetivo – O objetivo principal desta pesquisa foi identificar e classificar as políticas públicas de acessibilidade em turismo no Brasil nos últimos 20 anos, desde a criação do Ministério do Turismo, no ano de 2003.
Desenho/metodologia/abordagem – Foi utilizada uma abordagem qualitativa e exploratória, por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental da política pública de acessibilidade em turismo. A pesquisa bibliográfica buscou conceitos sobre políticas públicas e sua relação com o turismo, utilizando artigos disponíveis em base de dados científicas. A pesquisa documental analisou os Planos Nacionais de Turismo de 2003 a 2022, destacando a implementação de produtos relacionados à inclusão e acessibilidade.
Resultados – Identificação, análises qualitativas e crítica dos principais programas de acessibilidade em turismo implementados no Brasil. Apresentação de quadro-síntese com os principais programas e produtos de acessibilidade em turismo no Brasil e enfatizou a necessidade de envolver a sociedade, incluindo pessoas com deficiência, na formulação de políticas públicas multicêntricas visando a um turismo mais inclusivo e equitativo.
Limitações/implicações da pesquisa – As limitações da pesquisa concentraram-se na multidimensionalidade das políticas públicas em turismo e acessibilidade do Brasil, as quais envolveram diversos contextos, momentos políticos e atores, considerando a sua formulação até a sua implementação.
Implicações práticas – Implicações para os gestores de turismo, pessoas com deficiências usuárias ou não dos espaços de lazer e equipamentos turísticos.
Originalidade/valor – Este artigo contribui para a área de pesquisa do turismo acessível através de uma reflexão crítica da efetividade da política pública atual, buscando indicar parâmetros na elaboração de um documento para gestores públicos e da iniciativa privada na elaboração de futuras políticas públicas e na sua efetiva aplicação.
Exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months is associated with reduced risk of febrile seizure
Authors: Gosal Jessica , Suryawan I Wayan Bikin , Indrawan I Gde Doddy Kurnia
Published: January 2025

Background Febrile seizure (FS) is the most common convulsion disorder without an intracranial abnormality in children aged 6 months to 5 years. Risk factors for FS vary from maternal illness during pregnancy to pediatric nutritional factors, such as micronutrient deficiency or history of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF). The WHO recommends breastfeeding for up to 6 months because breastmilk contains numerous protective factors that may influence immune system development.
Objective To analyze the relationship between FS and EBF and other potential risk factors in children aged 6-60 months.
Methods This paired case-control study used patient medical record data from Wangaya Hospital, Denpasar from 2019-2020. Subjects were included by a purposive sampling technique, matched by age group. Children aged 6 to 60 months with fever >38oC and seizures were allocated to the case group; those with fever but without seizures were allocated to the control group. Patients with intracranial disorders, born prematurely, or with incomplete medical record data were excluded. Data were analyzed using McNemar test, with P values <0.05 deemed to be statistically significant.
Results Of 92 participants, 46 children were allocated into each group. There were no significant differences of gender, delivery method, or birth weight between the case and control groups. Febrile seizure was significantly greater in subjects with a family history of all seizures, overweight nutritional status, and who were non-EBF. McNemar analysis showed that EBF children had significantly lower risk of FS compared to non-EBF children (OR 0.74; 95%CI 0.15 to 3.55; P=0.017). Additionally, positive family history of FS was also a significant factor (OR 4.33; 95% CI 0.25 to 76.04; P=0.021), but not with the overweight nutritional status.
Conclusion Exclusive breastfeeding are associated with reduced risk of FS in children aged 6 months to 5 years.
Implementation of Islamic Education Values in Building Students' Religious Character through an Affective Approach Based on the Qur'an
Authors: Lili Sholehuddin Badri  , Ahmed Abdul Malik
Published: January 2025

Islamic education is a strategic vehicle and an urgent variable for preparing excellent and high-quality human resources. However, it is currently experiencing weakening due to the storms and waves of globalization. Accordingly, it requires effective and sustainable handling.
Purpose – This article is one of the creative efforts that aims to build the attitudes of students in elementary schools with religious character through the implementation of Islamic education values with an affectionate approach that is polite, gentle, caring, and compassionate based on the Qur'an.
Design/method/approach – This research method was descriptive qualitative, as library research. Data sources were books, teaching materials, journals, and other relevant information. The data was analyzed using critical text analysis techniques. The data collection technique was documentation.
Findings – The research has shown that implementing the Islamic education values of affection approach can build students' religious character through 1) the use of learning methods of affection, tenderness, and attention inherent in educators. 2) the use of learning styles of affectionate Islamic education values reflected in attitudes, interests, morals, values, and self-concepts that are passionate, enthusiastic, and fun. 3) the application of learning Islamic education values through habituation, imitation, and appreciation patterns embodied by educators.
Research Implications/limitations – This research can have implications for teachers' teaching methods in instilling the values of compassion, care, and gentleness in face-to-face learning in the classroom.
Originality/value – Integrating the three elements of affective value reconstruction simultaneously in the learning process can improve students' academic achievement, religious awareness, and good behavior.
ADIYAMAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ SPOR BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN İNTERNET BAĞIMLILIĞI VE NOMOFOBİ DÜZEYLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: Aytaç Kürşat Yusuf
Published: January 2025

Araştırmanın amacı, öğrencilerinin internet bağımlılığı ve nomofobi düzeylerinin incelenmesidir. Araştırmada ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya Adıyaman Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesine devam etmekte olan 350 öğrenci katılmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak Young İnternet Bağımlılığı Ölçeği ve Nomofobi Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Araştırma verilerinin analizinde SPSS 24.0 veri analiz programı kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya katılan öğrencilerin internet bağımlılık düzeyinin ortalama internet kullanıcısı, nomofobi düzeyinin ise çevrimiçi olamama, cihazdan yoksunluk ve bilgiye ulaşamamada orta, iletişimi kaybetmede yüksek düzeyde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada ayrıca çevrimiçi olamama ve cihazdan yoksunluk korkusu arasında pozitif yönlü orta, iletişimi kaybetme ve bilgiye ulaşamama korkusu ile internet bağımlığı bağımlılığı arasında pozitif yönlü düşük düzeyde bir ilişkinin bulunduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Halothane Does Not Directly Interact with Genome DNA of A549 Cells
Authors: Тopouzova-Hristova Т. , Hazarosova R. , Bandreva B. , Stephanova Elena
Published: January 2025

Although the inhalation anaesthetics are commonly used in clinical practice, their toxic effects on the lung cells have not yet been well studied. Previous studies indicated strong genotoxic effect of some inhalation anaesthetics, applied at clinically relevant concentrations. The aim of the present study was to assess the extent of DNA damage, nuclear abnormalities and possibility of human A549 cells to recover after treatment with halothane at lower concentrations. The data obtained demonstrate that even lower halothane concentrations could induce DNA damage although the anaesthetic does not interact directly with DNA. We have found that irreversible impairment of the cell genome is initiated at a concentration as low as 1.5 mM. Part of the cell population displays some characteristics of stress-induced apoptosis, defining this concentration as threshold for cell survival. We suggest that the intracellular signalling pathway triggers the toxic effects of halothane.
Investigation of Zinc and Copper Levels in Methimazole-Induced Hypothyroidism: Relation with the Oxidant-Antioxidant Status
Authors: Alturfan A. Ata , Zengin E. , Dariyerli N. , Alturfan E. E. , Gumustas M. K. , Aytac E. , Aslan M. , Balkis N. , Aksu A. , Yigit G. , Uslu E. , Kokoglu E.
Published: January 2025

Thyroid hormones are associated with the oxidative and antioxidative status of the organism. Depression of metabolism by hypothyroidism has been reported to decrease oxidant production and thus protect tissues against oxidant damage. The purpose of the present study was to investigate Zn and Cu levels in MMI-induced hypothyroidism and to show whether there is a connection between these trace elements and the oxidant-antioxidant status in experimental hypothyroidism. 3-Nitrotyrosine was measured as a marker of nitro-oxidative stress. In order to examine the antioxidant status of MMI-induced hypothyroidism in rats, GSH and SOD levels were determined as well. Significantly decreased 3-nitrotyrosine, Cu and Zn levels were observed in our experimental model when compared with the controls. On the other hand, GSH and SOD levels remained constant. It may be suggested that Cu and Zn serve as antioxidant molecules and exert their effects in an indirect manner to reduce oxidative stress in experimental hypothyroidism.
Sustainable cultivation practices and market trends of Indian sandalwood: A comprehensive review
Authors: Mathivanan M , Kumaran K , Radha P , Tilak M , Jude S , Gowsalya M
Published: January 2025

Indian sandalwood, renowned for its aromatic heartwood and essential oil, holds a revered status in traditional practices and modern industries. Its essential oil, celebrated for its exquisite fragrance, is a staple in perfumery, cosmetics and traditional medicine due to its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties.Culturally, sandalwood is deeply embedded in Indian traditions, where it is used in religious ceremonies and for crafting sacred artifacts symbolizing purity and serenity. From an economic perspective, the high demand for sandalwood, coupled with its slow growth rate, presents significant challenges in its cultivation and conservation. This review addresses the over-exploitation of natural sandalwood resources, emphasizing the need for sustainable cultivation practices to ensure its future availability. such practices involve enhancing genetic strains, adapting to climate change and promoting biodiversity through agroforestry systems that provide multiple income streams for farmers. The review also highlights the critical challenges in cultivating sandalwood, such as its speciesspecific climatic requirements and susceptibility to pests and diseases. These challenges are compounded by the economic risks associated with the high value of sandalwood and its long maturity period, which can deter investment and conservation efforts. Technological advancements play a pivotal role in addressing these challenges, with innovations in biotechnology and precision agriculture enhancing yields and sustainability. The review advocates for a balanced approach that meets commercial demands while preserving ecological and cultural integrity. It calls for continued research, international cooperation and adaptive management strategies to secure a sustainable future for Indian Sandalwood cultivation and trade. Additionally, the review emphasizes the need for integrated approaches combining traditional knowledge with modern scientific and technological advances to optimize sandalwood cultivation.
Standardy oceny repozytoriów danych badawczych: przegląd dostępnych i stosowanych certyfikatów wiarygodności repozytoriów
Authors: Adamiec Agnieszka
Published: January 2025

Na świecie nieustannie rośnie liczba cyfrowych danych badawczych, co wywołuje potrzebę ich przechowywania i udostępniania w bezpiecznym środowisku. Platformy internetowe nazywane repozytoriami są powszechnie uznanym miejscem gromadzenia wyników badań naukowych. Z punktu widzenia długotrwałego bezpieczeństwa deponowanych w nich danych ważne jest, by repozytoria spełniały ogólnie przyjęte standardy, dzięki czemu można wliczać je w poczet „zaufanych repozytoriów”. Dodatkowo coraz częściej udostępnienie lub przynajmniej przechowywanie danych badawczych w tzw. zaufanych repozytoriach  staje się jednym z wymogów właściwego rozliczania projektów naukowo-badawczych. Celem autorki jest zaprezentowanie wyniku przeglądu narzędzi pozwalających na uzyskanie certyfikacji potwierdzającej wiarygodność repozytoriów danych badawczych. Wybrano certyfikaty, które stały się podstawą opracowania Memorandum of Understanding uzgodnionego w 2010 roku (z uwzględnieniem koniecznej aktualizacji). Sprawdzono również liczbę instytucji i ich repozytoriów z przyznanym aktualnym certyfikatem. W badaniu zastosowano metodę krytycznej analizy dokumentów z wykorzystaniem materiałów o charakterze normatywnym i informacyjnym znajdujących się na stronach internetowych podmiotów przeprowadzających audyt i certyfikację repozytoriów cyfrowych. Rezultaty: badania wykazały, że na chwilę obecną tylko ok. 4% repozytoriów zarejestrowanych w międzynarodowym rejestrze repozytoriów danych badawczych re3data.org ma przynajmniej jeden aktualny szeroko uznany certyfikat. Czynnikami zniechęcającymi do starania się o prestiżowy certyfikat mogą być jego cena oraz długotrwały proces oceny i weryfikacji zgłoszenia.
Jan Targoyn: introligator poznański ery Odrodzenia
Authors: Muraszko Michał
Published: January 2025

Cel: artykuł omawia działalność warsztatu Jana Targoyna – jednej z ważniejszych, choć wciąż niemal nieznanej postaci poznańskiego introligatorstwa ery Odrodzenia. Metody badawcze: autor dokonał analizy tegumentologicznej 40 opraw książkowych wykonanych przez wskazaną pracownię, jak również narzędzi introligatorskich, których używała. Wnioski: w świetle dotąd poznanego materiału zabytkowego sygnalizowaną w literaturze przedmiotu aktywność warsztatu Targoyna, obejmującą lata 1534–1544, należy rozszerzyć co najmniej o przeszło jedno dziesięciolecie – do połowy szóstej dekady XVI wieku. Większość opraw atrybuowanych Targoynowi opiera się na schematycznych rozwiązaniach materiałowych i dekoracyjnych rozpowszechnionych wśród przedstawicieli ówczesnego środowiska poznańskiego, czerpiących wzorce z renesansowego introligatorstwa niemieckiego. Podobnie rzecz ma się z narzędziami, z których Targoyn korzystał na przestrzeni całej swojej działalności. Także one wpisują się w typowy dla poznańskich introligatorów repertuar zdobniczy. Co więcej, znaczna część z nich ma liczne, nierzadko bliźniaczo podobne odpowiedniki, niemal do złudzenia przypominające zestaw radełek i tłoków, którym posługiwał się omawiany warsztat.
Current perspectives on the Halo Conjecture
Authors: Hagelstein Paul
Published: January 2025

The Halo Conjecture presents one of the outstanding open problems in the theory of differentiation of integrals. In this paper we discuss the Halo Conjecture and its connections with topics of current interest in harmonic analysis.
Behind the scenes of EQA – characteristics, capabilities, benefits and assets of external quality assessment (EQA)
Authors: Buchta Christoph , Marrington Rachel , De la Salle Barbara , Albarède Stéphanie , Albe Xavier , Badrick Tony , Berghäll Heidi , Bullock David , Cobbaert Christa M. , Coucke Wim , Delatour Vincent , Geilenkeuser Wolf-Jochen , Griesmacher Andrea , Henriksen Gitte M. , Huggett Jim F. , Juhos István , Kammel Martin , Luppa Peter B. , Meijer Piet , Pelanti Jonna , Pezzati Paola , Sandberg Sverre , Spannagl Michael , Thelen Marc , Thomas Annette , Zeichhardt Heinz , Restelli Veronica , Perrone Lucy A.
Published: January 2025

Providers of external quality assessment (EQA) programs evaluate data or information obtained and reported by participant laboratories using their routine procedures to examine properties or measurands in samples provided for this purpose. EQA samples must offer participants an equal chance to obtain accurate results, while being designed to provide results in clinically relevant ranges. It is the responsibility of the EQA provider to meet the necessary requirements for homogeneity, stability and some other properties of the EQA items in order to offer participants a fair, reliable and technically interesting EQA experience. Thus, the samples are at the heart and in the centre of EQA and its success depends on their quality. This manuscript describes the requirements for EQA samples and the activities of EQA providers to achieve them.
Blood samples for ammonia analysis do not require transport to the laboratory on ice: a study of ammonia stability and cause of in vitro ammonia increase in samples from patients with hyperammonaemia
Authors: Mercer-Smith Gavin W. , Appleton Marie , Hanon Élodie A. , Bowron Ann
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Prompt recognition of hyperammonaemia can avoid severe consequences of delayed treatment. Strict sample transport requirements present barriers to requesting and, if not achieved, rejection by the laboratory. Evidence is sparse on in vitro ammonia stability from studies using modern techniques or based in clinical settings. Stability in hyperammonaemic samples is unknown. This study aimed to examine ammonia stability and its source in samples from hyperammonaemic patients and to determine a clinically significant change to establish acceptable sample requirements for ammonia analysis.

Methods

Blood samples were taken from 19 hyperammonaemic patients and placed either on ice or kept at room temperature. Plasma ammonia was measured every 10 min for 2 h. Haemolysis index (HI), full blood count, liver enzymes and amino acids were analysed. Expert physicians were surveyed on a clinically significant ammonia change. Stability was assessed using the reference change value (RCV).

Results

Ammonia increased with time [peak value 14.9 % (8.4–17.1), median (95 % confidence interval)], and was predominately of cellular origin. Ice did not improve stability and increased HI. Survey results found a significantly increased ammonia between 39 % (30–48) at 50 μmol/L and 21 % (15–28) at 1,000 μmol/L. Ammonia RCV was 40.8 %.

Conclusions

Chilling samples did not improve blood ammonia stability. The increase in blood ammonia from patients with hyperammonaemia over 2 h was lower than that considered clinically significant and the calculated RCV. Transport of samples for ammonia analysis does not require ice and laboratories should accept samples if received within 2 h of venepuncture.
Hormonal disorders in autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Jalilzadeh Khalet Abad Solmaz , Kalashipour Chir Galavizh , Heydari Parivash , Fazilat Ahmad , Mortazavi Moghadam Fatemeh , Valilo Mohammad
Published: January 2025

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a pervasive neurobehavioral condition characterized by disruption of behavioral and emotional patterns in individuals with this condition. Given that various environmental and genetic factors play a fundamental role in the pathophysiology of ASD, it can be said that ASD is a multifaceted disease. This study used scientific databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Semantic Scholar. In this review, we aimed to select manuscripts based on our field and relevant to the topic of our article. Emerging studies have shown that many neural, anatomical, and chemical factors play a role in the development of ASD. In this regard, an increasing body of studies has pointed out the relationship between chemical factors, including hormones, which play an important role in ASD. These hormones include melatonin, serotonin, thyroid, oxytocin, vasopressin, insulin-like growth hormone (IGF-1), etc. For instance, IGF-1 levels are low in ASD individuals, or melatonin levels are reduced in ASD individuals. Therefore, with take into account these findings, in this review, we decided to check over the association of these hormones to ASD and have a concise overview of their potential as therapeutic solutions to reduce the effects of ASD.
Optics of spatiotemporal optical vortices for atto- and nano-photonics
Authors: Porras Miguel A.
Published: January 2025

Understanding the intricate properties of spatiotemporal optical vortices (STOVs) is crucial for their growing number of applications, particularly where they drive light–matter interactions that can create up-converted STOV-like structures at attosecond and nanometer scales. We derive closed-form expressions for the propagation of STOVs, and spatiotemporal (ST) tilted Hermite-lobed (THL) pulses forming STOVs, through cascaded optical systems represented by ABCD matrices such as free space propagation, lenses, mirrors, similar in simplicity as those in Gaussian beam optics. STOVs and ST THL pulses are found to be spatial and temporal Fourier transform pairs at the same time, so that a STOV is a spatiospectral (SS) THL pulse in SS domain and a ST THL pulse is a SS vortex. This duality allow us to find expressions for the transformation of their spatiospectra through arbitrary optics, which is particularly important at the attosecond and nanometer scales, where ST characterization techniques are limited.
Spatiotemporal Moiré lattice light fields
Authors: Yu An-Zhuo , Zhang Wang , Chen Wei , Liu Yuan , Ma Chao-Qun , Yang Jia-Chen , Lu Yan-Qing
Published: January 2025

Joint space-time modulation of light fields has recently garnered intense attention for enabling precise control over both spatial and temporal characteristics of light, leading to the creation of space-time beams with unique properties, such as diffraction-free propagation and transverse orbital angular momentum. Here, we theoretically propose and experimentally demonstrate spatiotemporal Moiré lattice light fields by controlling the discrete rotational symmetry of a pulse’s spatiotemporal spectrum. Using a 4f pulse shaper and an x − ω modulation strategy, we generate tunable spatiotemporal Moiré patterns with varying sublattice sizes and confirm their diffraction-free behavior in time-averaged intensities. Additionally, we demonstrate spatiotemporal Moiré lattices carrying transverse orbital angular momentum. These findings provide a novel platform for studying spatiotemporal light–matter interactions and may open new possibilities for applications in other wave-based systems, such as acoustics and electron waves.
A systematic review on biomaterials and their recent progress in biomedical applications: bone tissue engineering
Authors: Baskaran Priyadarshini , Muthiah Balasubramanian , Uthirapathy Vijayalakshmi
Published: January 2025

Over the past few decades, biomaterials have been used extensively in medical science. These biomaterials have effectively replaced a variety of bodily tissues found in the human body, including teeth, ligaments, bones, tendons, and others. The primary barrier to the adoption of biomaterials is immune rejection, as bone replacement and lifetime implants currently require biocompatibility in addition to the mechanical and biological properties of the biomaterial. Numerous materials are presently being researched and commercially accessible to preserve and restore physiological functioning; they are widely used in medical science and biotherapy. Novel biomaterials were developed in response to emerging therapeutic needs, and recently discovered biomaterials made it possible to undertake novel clinical applications. When it was recognized that biomaterials must have an essential quality biocompatibility, the term “biomaterials” was coined to refer to materials specifically designed for biomedical applications. Presently, biological tissues and materials generated from biology are also included. The current review looks at the scientific literature published on the subject while exploring the application of biomaterials. Lastly, a brief overview of some recent uses for biomaterials is given, along with predictions about their potential future use.
The Reverse Nordic
Authors: Weldon Anthony , Dos'Santos Thomas , Bright Thomas E. , Sapstead Gareth W. , Beato Marco , Lincoln Merrick A.
Published: January 2025

The reverse Nordic is a single joint (knee), controlled open kinetic chain exercise with a predominantly eccentric focus. This review summarizes the reverse Nordic, including exercise benefits, muscles involved, exercise technique, progressions, regressions, and programming strategies. Furthermore, this review outlines how strength and conditioning coaches can use the reverse Nordic within a training program to improve athletic performance and mitigate injury risk.
Selecting Velocity Measurement Devices: Decision-Making Guidelines for Strength and Conditioning Professionals
Authors: Nagatani Tsuyoshi , Guppy Stuart N. , Haff G. Gregory
Published: January 2025

Velocity-based training (VBT) is a programming method that has gained increasing popularity within the strength and conditioning profession. The increased interest in VBT has led to the development of numerous velocity measurement devices, potentially creating a dilemma for strength and conditioning professionals who seek to integrate VBT into their professional practice. The aim of this review was to provide strength and conditioning professionals with practical decision-making guidelines for selecting velocity measuring devices that align with their specific training requirements. In addition, we offer a comprehensive review of the various types of velocity measurement devices currently available in the consumer market.
The International Criminal Court’s Pursuit of Justice and Legitimacy
Authors: Kersten Mark
Published: January 2025

Almost a quarter-century into its existence, the International Criminal Court is in uncharted territory. In the past two years, it has issued warrants for Russia’s president and the leaders of a close American ally, Israel. How did the ICC get to this point? Can the court’s experience prepare it for what happens next? And what future does it have in a world that is as chaotic, divided, and dangerous as ever? This article seeks to answer these questions by offering an overview of the court’s tumultuous history, from the controversy over its early focus on cases in Africa to its often contentious relations with the United States.
Decolonization and the Half-Lives of Empires
Authors: Vitalis Robert
Published: January 2025

The end of empires after World War II may have amounted to “the biggest reconfiguration of world politics ever seen,” but how much potency do colonial legacies retain today?
Long COVID and the Rise of Digital Patient Activism
Authors: Mendenhall Emily
Published: January 2025

HIV patient activism has had a profound influence on the embodied health movements that followed it. Complex chronic conditions—for which there is no verifiable test or clear treatment program—have been called “illnesses you have to fight to get,” in part because patients struggle to convince doctors to take their pain seriously enough to give a diagnosis. This essay puts Long COVID into context with other embodied health movements, highlighting how Long COVID activism built upon previous social movements, and how digital networking and viral social media messaging set it apart.
Network meta-analysis comparing WALANT, locoregional, local and general anesthesia techniques in carpal tunnel release
Authors: Focsa Laurentiu-Cosmin , Bouché Pierre-Alban , Apard Thomas , Querel Daphné , Rousseau Marc-Antoine , Descamps Jules
Published: January 2025

Purpose

To compare anesthesia techniques (WALANT (wide-awake anesthesia no tourniquet), locoregional anesthesia, local anesthesia with tourniquet or sedation) for carpal tunnel release (CTR).

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was conducted on PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane Library up to May 2023. Two independent reviewers selected the studies and extracted the data. The primary outcomes included the pain experienced at the moment of anesthesia and during the surgery and the mean morphine equivalents (MME) administered following the surgery and overall patient satisfaction. Our secondary outcomes consisted of the mean room occupancy time and the mean duration of the procedure, followed by the complication rate. The review process was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines.

Results

A total of 3166 studies were identified, which included 23 studies comparing various anesthesia types and 28,748 CTR surgeries. The WALANT group experienced significantly lower pain levels during anesthesia (−2.67 (95% CIs: 0.12–4.99)) and surgery (−2.04 (95% CIs: 0.08–4.07)) compared to the local anesthesia group. There was no difference in the use of MME for pain relief among different anesthesia techniques. Satisfaction rates were comparable, but WALANT exhibited the highest probability for utmost satisfaction. The mean room occupancy time was lower in patients receiving local anesthesia compared with when sedation was added, with a mean difference of −27.16 (95% CIs: −52.03 to −1.85).

Conclusions

The WALANT technique for CTR reported better outcomes for pain (during anesthesia and surgery), higher satisfaction and low probability to expand the operating room occupancy time.

Level of evidence

Level II of evidence.
Optimal timing for bilateral total knee arthroplasty: comparing simultaneous and staged procedures at various intervals: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Chang Cheng-Yang , Lee Kun-Han , Wang Jui-Chien , Tsai Shang-Wen , Chen Cheng-Fong , Wu Po-Kuei , Chen Wei-Ming
Published: January 2025

Purpose

A staged bilateral total knee arthroplasty (BTKA) procedure is considered when a patient is not deemed suitable for simultaneous BTKA due to concerns about the risk of mortality and complications. However, no network meta-analysis has been conducted to compare simultaneous vs staged BTKA procedures with different intervals in terms of postoperative mortality and overall complication rates.

Methods

Four databases – Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science – were searched from inception to December 19, 2023, for studies comparing patients who underwent staged BTKA with different intervals and simultaneous BTKA. The primary outcome domains were 1-year mortality and 90-day overall complications. Secondary outcomes included neurological, cardiovascular, pulmonary, infectious and venous thromboembolic complications within 90 days.

Results

Fifteen observational studies were included. Staged BTKA with intervals between 6 weeks and 3 months (odds ratio (OR): 0.69, 95% CI: 0.53–0.91), between 3 and 6 months (OR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.53–0.84) and longer than 6 months (OR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.55–0.83) exhibited a lower mortality risk compared to simultaneous BTKA. Staged BTKA with an interval shorter than 6 weeks and longer than 6 months exhibited a higher risk of pulmonary (OR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.03–1.49; OR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.10–2.44) and infectious complications (OR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.15–1.96; OR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.14–2.02) compared to simultaneous BTKA. An interval between 3 and 6 months ranked best in outcomes of 1-year mortality (P score = 0.7849) and 90-day complications (P score = 0.7077).

Conclusions

Staged BKTA with an interval of more than 6 weeks but less than 6 months is associated with a lower risk of postoperative mortality and complications. However, these results should be interpreted with caution due to potential biases inherent in the inclusion of nonrandomized studies.

Level of Evidence

II
Clinical characteristics and prognosis of children with culture-negative osteoarticular infections: a meta-analysis based on cohort studies
Authors: Chen Xingguang , Liu Jue , Xue Mingfeng , Zhuang Ting , Yao Feng , Lu Jialing , Wang Xiaodong
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Pediatric osteoarticular infections (OAIs) are an orthopedic emergency that can lead to severe sequelae if not treated appropriately. Approximately half of the patients with OAIs in clinical practice fail to obtain microbiological results even after undergoing aspiration or surgery, which presents a significant challenge in clinical practice. The inability to identify pathogens can lead to incorrect antibiotic usage or under-treatment, increasing the risk of adverse outcomes. This study aims to investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of culture-negative OAIs compared to culture-positive OAIs through a meta-analysis, providing insights to optimize treatment strategies.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted to identify cohort studies comparing the clinical characteristics and prognosis of children with culture-negative OAIs to those with culture-positive OAIs. The search encompassed the databases of Wanfang Data, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biology Medicine disc, Excerpta Medica Database, PubMed and the Cochrane Library, with the literature review extending up to March 2024. Data were extracted from eligible articles and assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale, and the articles were selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Results

Twelve literature reports covering 1630 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Publication bias did not significantly affect the results. The incidence of long-term sequelae, temperature before admission, baseline laboratory indicators and possibility of surgery in the culture-negative group of patients were significantly lower than those in the culture-positive group. In addition, there were no significant differences in gender, age, race, trauma history, patient delay, antibiotic usage before admission or clinical symptoms between the two groups.

Conclusions

Children diagnosed with culture-negative OAIs generally demonstrated less severe systemic inflammatory responses, required shorter treatment durations, exhibited a reduced likelihood of requiring surgical intervention and were less prone to experience long-term functional impairments compared to children with culture-positive OAIs. However, no differences in patient characteristics and clinical symptoms were found between the two groups. Further large-scale studies are still required to validate these findings.

Type of study

Meta-analysis.

Level of evidence

Level III.
When is the smile categorized as an orthodontic smile? Highlight of a new conceptualization
Authors: Dias Maria do Rosário , Neves Ana Cristina
Published: January 2025

Objective: Pioneering studies were conducted at a Dental University Clinic, focusing on the mental representation of the smile in patients with orthodontic braces. This brief communication presents the final findings from several studies that emphasize the significance of self-perception of the mouth and smile in shaping self-image and well-being across children, adolescents, and adults. Drawing was employed as a projective tool and graphic recording method, within the framework of a highly empirically relevant methodology.Methods: The sample was composed of two groups of patients of feminine and masculine gender, G1 - children and young people (8-24 Y) and G2 - Adults (25-59 Y), who underwent treatment with orthodontic appliances at the Orthodontic consultation. Participants were invited to draw two drawings of their mouth/smile based on the following questions: “What was your mouth like before you got braces?” (M1); and “What do you think your mouth will look like when you remove your braces?” (M2). The content analysis of all drawings made was carried out using a grid composed of analytical categories and subcategories. A sociodemographic questionnaire was also carried out, with the question, “Why do you wear orthodontic braces?”Results: Differences were found in the scope of the mental representation of the mouth and smile, and of expression of smile emotions. Conclusion: The results suggest that functional are the main reason for young people (children and adolescents) seeking orthodontic treatment, while adult participants appear to be motivated by aesthetic reasons.
Peru: the open wound of necropolitics in Ayacucho Biopower, forced sterilization, and inequality in a context of violence
Authors: Orellana Félix Rojas  
Published: January 2025

This article analyzes the implementation of necropolitics and biopolitics in Ayacucho, Peru, and how these have been used to reproduce inequalities and suffering through state violence. Through a case study on forced sterilizations in the 1990s, it explores how the control of life and death became a tool to subjugate vulnerable populations, primarily indigenous and rural women. It also highlights how the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated existing inequalities, revealing the structural fragility and neglect in which a large part of the population lives.
Youth Homelessness in Denver, Colorado: 2017–2021
Authors: Westfall Matthew Y. , Padmanabhan Pranav , Wang Jianing , Nall Samantha K. , Stella Sarah A. , Kushel Margot , Belcher Christian , Davis Lanae , Versen Elysia , LeBeouf Whitney , Barocas Joshua A.
Published: January 2025

OBJECTIVES

Homelessness is a public health crisis in the United States, yet homelessness prevalence, especially among children and youth, is not well understood. In this study, we use an indirect estimation method known as multiple systems estimation to further evaluate prevalence of youth experiencing homelessness in Denver, Colorado.

METHODS

We performed a multiple systems estimation (“capture-recapture”) analysis to estimate annual homelessness among youth aged 14 to 17 years in the city and county of Denver, Colorado from 2017 to 2021. We used 3 citywide datasets linked at the individual level and stratified by year, as follows: (1) Denver-Metro Homeless Management Information System, (2) Denver Public Schools McKinney-Vento data, and (3) Colorado’s Statewide Automated Child Welfare Information System TRAILS. We identified “known” youth experiencing homelessness from the 3 datasets and developed log-linear models with calculated 95% CIs to estimate the unknown population. We combined these counts to estimate the total youth homeless population and stratified counts by race, ethnicity, and gender.

RESULTS

The known count of youth experiencing homelessness increased from 840 in 2017 to 1040 in 2021. We estimated the total number of youth experiencing homelessness increased from 2880 (95% CI, 2199–3290) in 2017 to 7084 (95% CI, 2826–9046) in 2021. This corresponds with an increase from 10.4% to 25.1% in the total prevalence of youth experiencing homelessness in Denver. We found 74.9% to 83.1% of youth experiencing homelessness were Black/African American or Hispanic.

CONCLUSIONS

The scope of youth homelessness increased notably and may be far greater than previously understood. Using multiple systems estimation may improve homelessness prevalence estimates and facilitate more effective resource allocation and service delivery.
Pleural Tuberculoma Presenting as a Solitary Pleural Mass in a Child
Authors: Watanabe Ayano , Sano Takehisa , Murayama Kenta , Shimura Nobuhiro , Nakagawa Emiko , Masuda Toshihiro , Fujii Masato
Published: January 2025

Pleural tuberculoma is often observed during treatment for tuberculous pleurisy; however, this condition is rarely found as a solitary pleural nodule in patients without a history of tuberculosis treatment, and no cases have been reported in children. We report a case of a 12-year-old boy with pleural tuberculoma presenting as a solitary mass. He had a fever and cough that prompted chest radiography, which revealed a mass in the right lung. Symptoms improved with antibacterial medication; however, computed tomography (CT) revealed a 4.5-cm pleural mass that partially bordered the ribs. CT-guided biopsy revealed a necrotizing granuloma, but the real-time polymerase chain reaction result for Mycobacterium tuberculosis was negative. Malignant diseases, such as osteosarcoma, could not be ruled out; thus, surgical resection was performed, and pleural tuberculoma was diagnosed. The patient was treated with antituberculosis drugs for 6 months, and no recurrence was observed in the following 2 years. Pleural tuberculomas should be considered in the differential diagnosis of solitary pleural tumors, especially in countries where tuberculosis is endemic.
Acento léxico en el cordón cordillerano de habla mapuche-pehuenche
Authors: Ortiz Fierro David A. , Salamanca Gutiérrez Gastón F.
Published: January 2025

Este artículo describe la distribución del acento en palabras monomorfémicas elicitadas en cuatro zonas del cordón cordillerano de habla mapuche-pehuenche. Para ello, se analizaron las sílabas tónicas de palabras elicitadas a cuarenta y cuatro hablantes adultos bilingües de mapudungun-español.

Se concluye lo siguiente: a) la acentuación del cordón cordillerano es mayoritariamente aguda; b) es posible establecer una relación entre el eje geográfico norte-sur y una disminución de la acentuación aguda; y c) la tendencia a que las sílabas pesadas atraigan el acento, reportada por la literatura, se confirma con nuestro estudio.

La realización de estudios sobre el acento léxico en otras zonas de habla mapuche ―con los cuales los resultados obtenidos en esta presentación se puedan comparar― es una proyección prominente de este estudio.
Historismus v rokokovém malířství ve střední Evropě. Případ Slezska
Authors: Kozieł Andrzej
Published: January 2025

There is an evident programmatic turn towards the works of the great masters of the late Renaissance and High Baroque in the work of numerous Rococo and late Baroque painters in Europe. This is also true for Silesia, where artists (B. Krause, M. Brandeis, G. Reinitius) mainly emulated the works of Michael Willmann, the most prominent Baroque painter in Silesia. This historicism had not only an artistic but also an ideological significance, as it expressed the patron’s pro-Habsburg sympathies.
Age and Gender as The Risk Factors for Mortality Rate in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Rachmawati Maria Regina , Amiarno Yudi , Restuti Yeni , Guslianti Wida , Adriyanti Luzi , Fajriah Nurul
Published: January 2025

Background: Coronavirus disease-19 is a disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This virus is the newest type of coronavirus identified in humans. A recent study in 2022 in several different age groups found that older age, men, comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, and malignancy, were independent risk factors for mortality in COVID-19 inpatients. This study aimed to determine the risk factors for age and gender in the COVID-19 mortality rate.
Method: The design study was a retrospective case control. The research subjects were 6,697 patients from the secondary data medical record from March 2020 to September 2021 at Pasar Minggu Regional General Hospital.
Results: Results obtained 3313 men (49.5%) and 3384 women (50.5%). Men patients have a 1.5 times greater risk of mortality rate [OR 1.5 (1.3-1. 7)] compared to women. Elderly patients have a 3 times greater mortality risk than non-elderly people [OR 3.1 (2.6-3.7)]. There was a correlation between the after-treatment condition and age (p = 0.05).
Conclusion: This study concludes that the elderly and men are the risk factors for the mortality rate in COVID-19 patients at Pasar Minggu Regional General Hospital.