bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A deeper look at long-term effects of COVID-19 on myocardial function in survivors with no prior heart diseases: a GRADE approach systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Dehghan Mahshid , Mirzohreh Seyedeh-Tarlan , Kaviani Raheleh , Yousefi Shiva , Pourmehran Yasaman
Published: November 2024

Objectives

The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged global health systems since December 2019, with the novel virus SARS-CoV-2 causing multi-systemic disease, including heart complications. While acute cardiac effects are well-known, long-term implications are understudied. This review hopes to fill a gap in the literature and provide valuable insights into the long-term cardiac consequences of the virus, which can inform future public health policies and clinical practices.

Methods

This systematic review was prepared using PRISMA reporting guidelines. The databases searched were PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane. Risk of Bias was assessed using ROBINS-I. The GRADE approach was employed to evaluate the level of certainty in the evidence for each outcome. A meta-analysis was conducted using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software. In order to identify the underlying cause of high heterogeneity, a subgroup analysis was conducted. Sensitivity analysis was checked.

Results

Sixty-six studies were included in this review. Thirty-two of them enrolled in meta-analysis and the rest in qualitative synthesis. Most outcomes showed a moderate certainty of evidence according to the GRADE framework. Post-COVID individuals with no prior heart diseases showed significant changes in left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) echocardiographic indices compared to controls. These significant findings were seen in both post-acute and long-COVID survivors regardless of the severity of initial infection.

Conclusion

This review implies that individuals recovering from post-acute and long-term effects of COVID-19 may experience changes in myocardial function as a result of the novel coronavirus. These changes, along with cardiac symptoms, have been observed in patients without prior heart diseases or comorbidities.

Systematic Review Registration

PROSPERO, identifier (CRD42024481337).
Few-shot SAR target classification via meta-learning with hybrid models
Authors: Geng Qingtian , Wang Yaning , Li Qingliang
Published: November 2024

Currently, in Synthetic Aperture Radar Automatic Target Recognition (SAR ATR), few-shot methods can save cost and resources while enhancing adaptability. However, due to the limitations of SAR imaging environments and observation conditions, obtaining a large amount of high-value target data is challenging, leading to a severe shortage of datasets. This paper proposes the use of an Adaptive Dynamic Weight Hybrid Model (ADW-HM) meta-learning framework to address the problem of poor recognition accuracy for unknown classes caused by sample constraints. By dynamically weighting and learning model parameters independently, the framework dynamically integrates model results to improve recognition accuracy for unknown classes. Experiments conducted on the TASK-MSTAR and OpenSARShip datasets demonstrate that the ADW-HM framework can obtain more comprehensive and integrated feature representations, reduce overfitting, and enhance generalization capability for unknown classes. The accuracy is improved in both 1-shot and 5-shot scenarios, indicating that ADW-HM is feasible for addressing few-shot problems.
Controlling factors of fluid mobility in the tuff reservoirs of the Huoshiling formation, Dehui fault depression, southeastern Songliao Basin: insights from micro-nano pore structures
Authors: Liu Tianfu , Zhang Wei , Chen Chong , Shen Huaiming , Shao Wenjie , Sun Peng
Published: November 2024

This study addresses the unclear understanding of the primary factors controlling fluid mobility in the tuff reservoirs of the Huoshiling Formation from the Dehui Fault Depression, southeastern Songliao Basin. Through physical property analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), thin section (TS), pressure-controlled porosimetry (PCP), rate-controlled porosimetry (RCP), and nuclear magnetic resonance experiments (NMR) on ten tuff samples, we conducted a comprehensive and in-depth exploration of the influencing factors that control the mobility of reservoir fluids. The results indicate: 1) The primary mineral types in the tuff reservoirs are quartz, feldspar, and clay minerals, with porosity predominantly characterized by dissolution pores and intergranular pores; 2) Based on the morphology of PCP intrusion curves, the tuff samples from the study area can be categorized into three types, with reservoir quality progressively deteriorating from Type I to Type III; 3) Compared to the movable fluids saturation (MFS), movable fluids porosity (MFP) is more suitable for characterizing fluid mobility. The mobility of fluids is influenced by various factors such as mineral composition, physical property, pore-throat connectivity, pore type and heterogeneity. MFS and MFP show a positive correlation with permeability, the content of quartz and feldspar, median pore-throat radius (R50), average throat radius (ATR), average pore-throat radius ratio (APT), T2 cutoff value (T2-C), average throat radius (RT), sorting coefficient (SC), and intergranular pore dominate space (Inter-DS), while a negative correlation with the content of calcite and clay minerals, average pore-throat radius ratio, and the fractal dimension from NMR (DNMR). This study elucidates the influencing factors of fluid mobility in tuff reservoirs, which has important reference significance for the scientific development of this type of gas reservoir.
Effects of the Learning how to motivate training on pupils’ motivation and engagement during pre-service physical education teachers’ internship
Authors: Girard Stéphanie , de Guise Audrey-Anne
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Pre-service physical education (PE) teachers have concerns about how to sustain pupils’ motivation. A training titled Learning how to motivate was designed to address these concerns.

Objectives

The aims of the study were (1) to compare the perceptions of high school pupils of pre-service PE teachers who had completed the training [experimental group (EG)] and pre-service PE teachers who had not completed the training [control group (CG)] about motivation; (2) to verify changes in the perceptions of EG and CG high school pupils with regard to motivational variables between the beginning and end of the internship; and (3) to compare observations of the motivational climate established by the pre-service PE teachers and of their pupils’ engagement between EG and CG.

Methods

The study involves a sample of four French-Canadian pre-service PE teachers (EG = 2; CG = 2) and their high school pupils (n = 89) during the pre-service PE teachers’ final internship. Data were collected using observations and questionnaires at the start (T1) and end (T2) of the internship.

Results

Findings revealed no significant differences between groups at T1. At T2, the EG exhibited higher levels of pupils’ perceived dimensions of an empowering motivational climate than the CG. Notably, between T1 and T2, performance-approach goals decreased, and external regulation increased in the EG. As for the CG, pupils’ perceived dimensions of an empowering motivational climate, competence satisfaction, and performance-approach goals decreased. Finally, there were some trends (p ≤ 0.15) related to differences between the groups for observed motivational climate and pupils’ engagement.

Conclusion

The training shows promise with regard to helping pre-service PE teachers apply theory to practice.
Examining the effect of AI-powered virtual-human training on STEM majors’ self-regulated learning behavior
Authors: Glick Danny , Miedijensky Shirley , Zhang Huiyu
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Students pursuing science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) majors often struggle with essential skills critical to their academic success and future careers. Traditional self-regulated learning (SRL) training programs, while effective, require significant time investments from both students and instructors, limiting their feasibility in large lecture-based STEM courses.

Methods

This study investigates whether completion of three AI-powered virtual-human training modules—focused on planning, self-monitoring, and reflection—leads to increased use of corresponding MS Planner tools among STEM majors compared to a control group.

Results

Results indicate that students who did not complete the first two training modules were less likely to use MS Planner features for planning and self-monitoring; however, the reflection module did not yield comparable results.

Discussion

These findings highlight the potential of AI-powered virtual-human training as a scalable solution to enhance desirable learning behaviors among STEM majors, particularly in large and diverse classrooms. This research contributes to the understanding of effective interventions for fostering SRL behaviors in STEM education and suggests avenues for future refinement and implementation of digital training tools.
Electrical shock injuries: an analysis of voltage, frequency, and contact mode determinants
Authors: Gangidi Suma , Govande Mukul , McCollum Kyle , Lee Raphael C.
Published: November 2024

This article examines the precision of medical terminology commonly used to diagnose and understand the pathogenesis of electrical shock injuries. As everyday technology increasingly depends on advanced electrical mechanisms that utilize more efficient modes of electrical energy transmission, waveforms, and frequencies, emergency and trauma physicians will continue to encounter a broader array of electrical injury manifestations. This phenomenon prompts a closer examination of the diagnostic terminology associated with electrical shocks. The pathogenesis of electrical injury depends on the tissue electric field strength, frequency, current duration, and tissues involved. Some traditional diagnostic terms, for example, “entry” and “exit” wounds, arc-flash burns, and “high-voltage” and “low-voltage” electrical injuries, obscure the complexity of this pathogenesis, likely impeding medical management and advances in electrical safety science. This article presents the scientific rationale for suggested changes to medical terminology and aims to encourage future refinement.
The triglyceride-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio is associated with an increased risk of peripartum cardiomyopathy
Authors: Chen Naiyi , Xiao Jie , Luo Yijie , Fu Kang , Sun Ziru , Zhang Xinyu , Liu Yanan , Lu Huixia , Ji Xiaoping
Published: November 2024

Background

Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a form of heart failure that severely affects women during the late stages of pregnancy and in the postpartum period. Currently, the diagnosis of PPCM is not fully understood and is likely multifactorial. Abnormal lipid metabolism plays an important role in the onset of cardiovascular diseases, especially in patients with heart failure. Moreover, animal experiments have confirmed a possible association between abnormal lipid metabolism and PPCM onset. However, clinical evidence is currently lacking, and reliable and effective indicators for predicting the onset of PPCM are insufficient. The ratio of triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) is a novel metabolic marker that is associated with the risk of coronary heart disease. However, the relationship between the TG/HDL-C ratio and the risk of PPCM in parturients remains unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the role of the TG/HDL-C ratio in predicting the risk of PPCM.

Methods

This study included 600 parturients hospitalized at Qilu Hospital of Shandong University between January 2010 and August 2023 (150 patients with PPCM and 450 healthy parturients). The TG/HDL-C ratio was calculated as triglyceride levels (mmol/L)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (mmol/L). The relationship between the TG/HDL-C ratio and PPCM was analyzed using logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.

Results

Significant differences were observed in the TG/HDL-C ratio between patients with PPCM and healthy parturients. The TG/HDL-C ratio was higher in patients with PPCM than in healthy parturients (p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the TG/HDL-C ratio increased the risk of PPCM and had predictive accuracy for the onset of PPCM (odds ratio, 1.249; 95% confidence interval, 1.004–1.553; p = 0.046). Moreover, the TG/HDL-C ratio was positively correlated with the NT-proBNP levels at the onset of PPCM (R2 = 0.081, p = 0.008).

Conclusions

A higher TG/HDL-C ratio was significantly associated with the risk of PPCM.
Efficacy and safety of once-weekly insulin versus once-daily insulin in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: an updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Xue Mei , Shen Pan , Tang Jun , Deng Xuan , Dai Zhe
Published: November 2024

Background

This meta-analysis was performed to obtain a comprehensive overview of the differences between once-weekly basal insulin (including icodec and basal insulin Fc) and once-daily basal insulin (including glargine and degludec) in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods

PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were systematically searched for eligible studies up to 2 January 2024.

Results

A total of 12 studies were included, comprising 5,895 patients, with 3,104 (52.7%) using once-weekly insulin and 2,791 (47.3%) using once-daily insulin. In the pooled data, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) change from baseline [mean difference (MD) -0.11%; 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.20 to -0.01%] and the odds of achieving an end-of-trial HbA1c <7% (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.13, 1.77) demonstrated a significantly good glycemic control in the once-weekly insulin group, especially in insulin-naïve type 2 diabetics or patients using icodec. Body weight increase for once-weekly insulin was 0.43 kg compared to controls (95% CI 0.09 to 0.76 kg). In addition, once-weekly insulin was correlated with a higher risk of level 1 hypoglycemia (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.26 to 1.6). There was no significant difference in fasting plasma glucose (MD 2.46 mg/dL; 95% CI -2.60 to 7.52 mg/dL), time in range (MD 2.03%; 95% CI -0.50 to 4.56%), and level 2 or 3 hypoglycemic events (OR 1.19; 95% CI 0.93 to 1.53).

Conclusions

Once-weekly basal insulin is safe and effective in modestly reducing HbA1c with similar level 2 or 3 hypoglycemic events compared to once-daily insulin, although the risk of level 1 hypoglycemia and weight gain was slightly increased.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO, Identifier CRD42024496812.
Impact of Ureaplasma urealyticum infection on semen parameters and in vitro fertilization outcomes in infertile men
Authors: Wan Yangyang , Chen Xin , Chen Zhaoyu , Liu Wenjing , Li Siyao , Hua Juan
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) is a common pathogen associated with genital tract infections in infertile males. However, its impact on semen quality, embryo development, and in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes remains underexplored. This study aims to evaluate the effect of male UU infection on semen parameters, embryo development, pregnancy outcomes, and neonatal health in infertile couples.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 1,215 infertile couples at the First Hospital of USTC. Participants were divided into two groups based on the male partner’s UU infection status: UU-positive (n=249) and UU-negative (n=966). Semen parameters (sperm concentration, motility, morphology, anti-sperm antibodies, DNA stainability) were assessed. Embryo development was evaluated through fertilization rates and blastocyst formation rates. Pregnancy outcomes (clinical pregnancy, live birth rates, miscarriage rate) and neonatal health (gestational age, birth weight, Apgar scores, preterm delivery) were also compared.

Results

Semen parameters, including sperm concentration, motility, and morphology, were similar between the UU-positive and UU-negative groups. However, the UU-positive group had significantly higher levels of anti-sperm antibodies (ASA) (p=0.020) and higher DNA stainability (HDS) (p=0.014). Despite these differences, embryo quality, as measured by fertilization rates and blastocyst formation rates, was not significantly different between the two groups. Pregnancy outcomes, including clinical pregnancy and live birth rates, were also comparable. While the UU-positive group had a slightly higher miscarriage rate, this difference was not statistically significant. Neonatal outcomes, including gestational age, birth weight, Apgar scores, and preterm delivery rate, did not differ significantly between the two groups.

Discussion

The study suggests that while male UU infection may adversely affect certain semen parameters, its impact on IVF outcomes—such as embryo quality, pregnancy rates, and neonatal health—appears to be minimal. These findings support the continued use of IVF as a viable and safe option for infertile couples with male UU infection, as it does not significantly influence reproductive or neonatal outcomes.
Impact of gradient zero-valent iron pollution from steel works on soil microaggregate geochemical processes and dissipative structures
Authors: Li Chunjie , Xu Wenbo , Guo Shili , Shang Songhao , Li B. Larry
Published: November 2024

Abstract: Zero-valent iron (ZVI) contamination from steel works poses significant threats to soil quality and ecosystem health, particularly affecting soil microaggregates, which are fundamental to soil structure and function. In this study, we systematically investigated the impact of gradient ZVI pollution on the organic geochemical environment of soil microaggregates around steel works located in the core water source area of the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project in China. Advanced analytical techniques, including X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), were employed to comprehensively characterize the geochemical processes, mineralogy, and organic matter environment of soil microaggregates. The findings revealed that soils near the steel works were acidified and strongly oxidized, with heavy metal contents, particularly Fe, significantly decreasing with increasing distance from the steel works (Fe content decreased from 27,516.2 mg/kg to 23,492.6 mg/kg). The pH of soils near the steel works was lower, while oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and electrical conductivity were higher. XPS analysis indicated a higher content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) near the steel works and significantly lower soil organic matter content. The iron valence distribution showed spatial differences, with higher Fe2⁺ content on the surface of soil microaggregates near the steel works and Fe³⁺ dominating in areas farther away. These results suggest an evolutionary sequence of ZVI from Fe (0) oxidation to Fe(II) and then to Fe(III). The formation of dissipative structures in soil microaggregates due to ZVI contamination significantly affects soil physicochemical properties and the organic environment. This study provides valuable insights into the multifaceted impacts of industrial activities on soil ecosystems and offers a scientific basis for soil conservation and remediation strategies.
Spatiotemporal analysis of phenological metrics on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau based on multiple vegetation indices
Authors: Chen Tao , Chen Zhu , Xie Guojing
Published: November 2024

As global climate change intensifies, understanding the response mechanisms and adaptive capacities of ecosystems to climate change has become a core focus in environmental science. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP), a region highly sensitive to global climate change, shows vegetation phenological shifts that reflect the ecosystem’s response to climate fluctuations. However, how phenological metrics extracted from different vegetation indices affect our understanding of these shifts in the region remains unclear. This study analyzes the start (SOS) and end (EOS) of the growing season on the QTP from 1982 to 2015 using GIMMS NDVI3g data. These metrics were compared with phenological data derived from GIMMS LAI3g and MODIS EVI2 data. The results indicate that phenological metrics derived from different vegetation indices (NDVI, LAI, and EVI2) are generally consistent in their spatiotemporal distribution and show significant correlations. However, regional differences and temporal inconsistencies were observed. This comparative analysis reveals the strengths and limitations of various vegetation indices in phenological metric extraction. The results offer crucial insights for enhancing the precision of phenological modeling and highlight the significance of choosing suitable vegetation indices in future studies on phenology.
Structural and acoustic properties of urbanized landscapes adversely affect bird communities in a tropical environment
Authors: Matthew Dickson Anoibi , Osinubi Samuel Temidayo , Ivande Samuel Tertese , Iwajomo Soladoye B. , Ottosson Ulf
Published: November 2024

Introduction

The rural-urban gradient serves as a valuable context for investigating the impact of urbanization on biodiversity. While previous studies have demonstrated shifts in bird communities along this gradient, our understanding of the specific impacts of individual urban components such as man-made physical structures and anthropogenic noise along this gradient remains limited, and more so, in Afro-tropical environments.

Method

Employing the point count method, we recorded birds and also determined the levels of anthropogenic noise and physical structures, across fifteen sites along the rural-urban gradient on the Jos Plateau, Nigeria. We then investigated variations in bird communities along the urbanization gradient and assessed the influence of the two urban components -anthropogenic noise and physical structures, on bird populations.

Results

There was a decline in bird abundance and species richness along the urbanization gradient. Similarly, species common to all the urbanization categories (species present at least at one point in rural, suburban, and urban) also exhibited a decrease in abundance. The suburban area showed a greater similarity in bird community composition to the urban area than the rural area. Notably, as the level of urban development increased, numerous bird species associated with undisturbed sites gradually vanished. Both anthropogenic noise and physical structures exhibited significant negative effects on bird abundance and species richness. Interestingly, we did not find evidence to suggest that the impact of anthropogenic noise was dependent on the level of physical structures. Anthropogenic noise had a significant negative relationship with bird abundance and species richness at all levels of physical structures.

Discussion

We provide evidence that bird abundance and species richness respond negatively to urbanization-related increase in anthropogenic noise and physical structures. That the impact of anthropogenic noise on birds was independent of physical structures suggests that birds in reserved areas, including urban green areas with fewer human activities may equally be affected by noise as are birds in human-dominated areas, if noise sources are near. Overall, our research underscores the detrimental consequences of anthropogenic habitat modification, particularly the alteration of structural and acoustic properties, and emphasizes the importance of preserving undisturbed habitats and implementing ecologically mindful urban planning strategies to safeguard bird communities in the Afro-tropics.
Causal effect of waist-to-hip ratio on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a mendelian randomization study
Authors: Wu Shihao , He Yuhong , Li Jiaxing , Wang Sijie
Published: November 2024

Objective

This study aimed to explore the potential causal association between waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) via the Mendelian randomization (MR) approach.

Methods

Genetic variation data pertaining to WHR served as instrumental variables, while genome-wide association study data for NAFLD constituted the outcome event. Primarily, the random-effects inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was utilized, supplemented by MR Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode analyses. Sensitivity analysis entailed the “leave-one-out” approach, with the IVW results forming the foundational basis for this study.

Results

This analysis included a total of 28 valid single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). IVW analysis indicated an increased risk of NAFLD associated with WHR (OR = 1.61; 95% CI: 1.08–2.41; P = 0.02). Furthermore, MR-Egger regression analysis revealed the absence of horizontal pleiotropy among the included SNPs, albeit with some sample heterogeneity. Lastly, the “leave-one-out” sensitivity analysis demonstrated that no individual SNP significantly influenced the estimated causal association.

Conclusion

This study furnishes indicative evidence of a causal link between waist-to-hip ratio and the risk of NAFLD occurrence.
MiR-99a-5p up-regulates LDLR and functionally enhances LDL-C uptake via suppressing PCSK9 expression in human hepatocytes
Authors: Chen Xuemei , Liu Ying , Zhou Qiujing , Zhang Chenxi , Wang Wei , Xu Menglong , Zhao Yaqiang , Zhao Wenfeng , Gu Dian , Tan Shuhua
Published: November 2024

Background

MicroRNAs (miRs/miRNAs) play pivotal roles in modulating cholesterol homeostasis. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) binds to low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) at the surface of hepatocytes and accelerates its degradation in lysosomes, thereby impairing the clearance of circulating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) from plasma. Thus, suppressing PCSK9 expression level has become an effective approach for treating hypercholesterolemia. Here, we sought to identify novel miRNAs that inhibit PCSK9 expression.

Methods

By in silico analyses, miR-99a-5p was predicted to bind to human PCSK9 mRNA. Following transfection of miR-99a-5p or anti-miR-99a-5p in human and mouse hepatocytes, qRT-PCR, Western blot, immunofluorescence, ELISA, flow cytometry, LDL-C uptake, and cellular cholesterol measurement were performed.

Results

miR-99a-5p overexpression potently inhibited PCSK9 expression, thereby up-regulating LDLR, functionally enhancing LDL-C uptake and increasing intracellular cholesterol levels in human, but not in mouse, cells. Conversely, anti-miR-99a-5p upregulates PCSK9, leading to a reduction in LDLR, attenuation of LDL-C uptake, and a decrease in the intracellular cholesterol levels of human hepatocytes. Furthermore, miR-99a-5p was shown to bind to the predicted target site “UACGGGU” in the 3′-UTR of human PCSK9 mRNA via a luciferase reporter assay in combination with site-directed mutagenesis.

Conclusion

MiR-99a-5p potently downregulates the expression of PCSK9 by directly interacting with a target site in the human PCSK9 3′-UTR, thereby up-regulating LDLR and functionally enhancing LDL-C uptake in human hepatocytes. MiR-99a-5p could serve as an inhibitor of PCSK9 for treating hypercholesterolemia to inhibit atherosclerosis.
Extensive influence of microsporidian infection on sucrose solution consumption, antioxidant enzyme activity, cell structure, and lifespan of Asian honeybees
Authors: Fan Xiaoxue , Zhao Haodong , Zang He , Dong Shunan , Qiu Jianfeng , Song Yuxuan , Li Kunze , Jiang Haibin , Wu Ying , Lü Yang , Zhou Dingding , Fu Zhongmin , Chen Dafu , Guo Rui
Published: November 2024

Apis cerana is the original host of Vairimorpha (Nosema) ceranae, a widespread fungal parasite that causes bee nosemosis, which severely threatens the health of bee colonies and the sustainable development of the apiculture industry. To evaluate the impact of V. ceranae infection on A. c. cerana workers, V. ceranae spores were purified and used to inoculate newly emerged workers to evaluate the effects of V. ceranae infection. This was followed by an in-depth investigation of V. ceranae spore load and host sucrose solution consumption. Activities of four major antioxidant enzymes (SOD, PPO, CAT, and GST) were determined. Paraffin sections of the host midgut tissue were prepared and subjected to microscopic observation. The survival rates of V. ceranae-inoculated and uninoculated workers were analyzed. The results showed that spore load gradually increased and peaked at 12 dpi. The consumption of workers in the V. ceranae-inoculated group was extremely significant higher (P < 0.0001) than that of workers in the un-inoculated group. The results of antioxidant enzyme activity were suggestive of positive host defense via catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in the middle stage of infection, as well as the negative fungal impact on superoxide dismutase (SOD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) at the whole stage of infection, reflecting the complex host-parasite interaction. Additionally, we observed a disruption in the structure of the host midgut epithelial cells. Moreover, the survival rate of workers in V. ceranae-inoculated groups was nearly always lower than that of workers in the uninoculated groups. These results demonstrate a consistent increase in spore load with the proliferation of V. ceranae, leading to persistent energetic stress and midgut epithelial cell structural damage to the host, ultimately resulting in a shortened lifespan for the host. Our findings enhance the current understanding of the interactions between A. cerana and V. ceranae as well as provide a solid basis for exploring the mechanisms underlying host response and V. ceranae infection.
Stimulation of microneedles alleviates pathology of Parkinson’s disease in mice by regulating the CD4+/CD8+ cells from the periphery to the brain
Authors: Kim Jin Hee , Choi Yujin , Kim Jin Se , Lee Hanbyeol , Ju In Gyoung , Yoo Na Young , La Sookie , Jeong Do Hyeon , Na Changsu , Park Hi-Joon , Oh Myung Sook
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Immune dysfunction is a major cause of neuroinflammation and accelerates the progression of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Numerous studies have shown that stimulation of specific acupuncture points (acupoints) can ameliorate PD symptoms. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether attaching microneedles to acupoints would improve PD pathology by recovering immune dysfunction.

Methods

The PD mouse model was induced by intrastriatal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), and microneedle patches (MPs) or sham patches (SPs) were attached to GB20 and GB34, representative acupoints for treating PD for 14 days.

Results

First, the behavioral experiment showed that motor disorders induced by 6-OHDA were significantly improved by MP. Simultaneously, 6-OHDA-induced dopaminergic neuronal death and brain neuroinflammation decreased. Conversely, SP had no effect on behavioral disorders, neuronal death, or neuroinflammation. Measurement results from flow cytometry of immune cells in the brain and blood revealed a disruption in the CD4+/CD8+ ratio in the 6-OHDA group, which was significantly restored in the MP group. The brain mRNA expression of cytokines was significantly increased in the 6-OHDA group, which was significantly decreased by MP.

Discussion

Overall, our results suggest that the attachment of MPs to GB20 and GB34 is a new method to effectively improve the pathology of PD by restoring peripheral and brain immune function.
Biological characteristics and immune responses of NK Cells in commonly used experimental mouse models
Authors: Qin Jingwen , Zhang Zhaokai , Cui Haopeng , Yang Jinhua , Liu Aiqun
Published: November 2024

The biology of natural killer (NK) cells in commonly used mouse models is discussed in this review, along with their crucial function in a variety of immunological responses. It has been demonstrated that the formation, maturation, subtype variety, and immunological recognition mechanisms of NK cells from various mice strains exhibit notable differences. These variations shed light on the intricacy of NK cell function and offer crucial information regarding their possible uses in treating human illnesses. The application of flow cytometry in mouse NK cell research is also covered in the article. Improved knowledge of the biology of NK cells across species may facilitate the development of new NK cell-based therapeutic approaches.
Non-coding RNAs in bladder cancer, a bridge between gut microbiota and host?
Authors: Zou Jun , Xu Baisheng , Luo Peiyue , Chen Tao , Duan Huanglin
Published: November 2024

In recent years, the role of gut microbiota (GM) in bladder cancer has attracted significant attention. Research indicates that GM not only contributes to bladder carcinogenesis but also influences the efficacy of adjuvant therapies for bladder cancer. Despite this, interventions targeting GM have not been widely employed in the prevention and treatment of bladder cancer, mainly due to the incomplete understanding of the complex interactions between the host and gut flora. Simultaneously, aberrantly expressed non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been frequently associated with bladder cancer, playing crucial roles in processes such as cell proliferation, invasion, and drug resistance. It is widely known that the regulation of GM-mediated host pathophysiological processes is partly regulated through epigenetic pathways. At the same time, ncRNAs are increasingly regarded as GM signaling molecules involved in GM-mediated epigenetic regulation. Accordingly, this review analyzes the ncRNAs that are closely related to the GM in the context of bladder cancer occurrence and treatment, and summarizes the role of their interaction with the GM in bladder cancer-related phenotypes. The aim is to delineate a regulatory network between GM and ncRNAs and provide a new perspective for the study and prevention of bladder cancer.
Automatic in situ sensor based on K2S2O8 oxidation method for total phosphorus detection in marine water
Authors: Zhang Yanmin , Chen Shougang , Liu Yan , Zou Yan , Wang Yang , Zhang Shuwei , Kong Xiangfeng , Gao Yang , Gao Nan
Published: November 2024

Phosphorus is a key indicator for water quality management due to its role in eutrophication. The variety of phosphorus-containing substances necessitates highly sensitive detection of total phosphorus, particularly through automated methods, to ensure water safety. This study involved the independent development of a sensor featuring an automated in situ detection technique. Utilizing potassium persulfate high-temperature oxidation and phosphorus molybdenum blue spectrophotometry, total phosphorus was monitored in situ via sequential injection technology. Additionally, the detection process and reaction conditions of the sensor were optimized, and a temperature compensation algorithm and turbidity correction were applied to mitigate environmental factors. Under optimal conditions, the sensor demonstrated a detection limit of 1.9 µg/L with a range of 6.5–1000 µg/L in seawater, and 1.2 µg/L with a range of 4.1–2000 µg/L in freshwater. The digestion efficiency for five representative phosphorus-containing substances was found to range from 87.3% ± 1.7% to 103.1% ± 0.6%. Notably, the sensor was deployed for in situ operation at a marine experimental station and online at a river monitoring station. With its integration, low power consumption, and high precision, the sensor enabled long-term unattended monitoring, delivering accurate, stable, and reliable results.
Three-year delay in diagnosis of pulmonary sarcoidosis due to presence of necrotizing granulomas: a cautionary case report
Authors: Yue Yubing , Du Rao , Han Ding , Zhao Tianxia , Zeng Chunfang , Feng Yinhe
Published: November 2024

Diagnosis of pulmonary sarcoidosis can be difficult and strongly dependent on clinical experience, especially when necrotizing granulomas are present. Here we report an individual who, 3 years after onset of symptoms, was definitively diagnosed with pulmonary sarcoidosis based on percutaneous lung biopsy under the guidance of computed tomography, after he failed to receive a specific diagnosis at other tertiary hospitals based on cervical lymph node biopsy and transbronchial needle aspiration under the guidance of endobronchial ultrasonography. After his definitive diagnosis at our medical center, he was given corticosteroids, which led to remission. Clinicians, especially in areas lacking suitably experienced pathologists, should be aware of how to diagnose sarcoidosis in the presence of abundant necrotizing granulomas in order to ensure timely diagnosis.
Outer membrane permeability of mcr-positive bacteria reveals potent synergy of colistin and macromolecular antibiotics against colistin-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Li Meisong , Ma Furong , Zhao Hui , Zhou Dianrong , Liang Lujie , Lv Runling , Li Jiachen , Wang Yaxuan , Xu Lin , Liu Chenfei , Tian Guo-Bao , Feng Siyuan , Xia Yong
Published: November 2024

Colistin (CT) is the last-resort of antibiotic against multidrug-resistance (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) infection. However, colistin resistance is increasingly reported in A. baumannii isolates partially due to the global emergence and dissemination of plasmid-borne mobile colistin resistance (mcr) gene and is a threat to human health. Thus, available treatment strategies urgently required in the fight against colistin-resistant A. baumannii. Here, we showed that mcr confers damaged outer membrane (OM) permeability in A. baumannii, which could compromise the viability of A. baumannii. Consistently, A. baumannii with colistin resistance exhibits increased susceptibility to macromolecular antibiotics such as rifampicin (RIF) and erythromycin (ERY). Moreover, the combination therapy of colistin and rifampicin demonstrates efficacy against colistin-resistant A. baumannii, regardless of the presence of mcr. Altogether, our data suggest that the synergy of colistin in combination with macromolecular hydrophobic antibiotics poses a promising therapeutic alternative for colistin-resistant A. baumannii.
Genomic tools for post-elimination measles molecular epidemiology using Canadian surveillance data from 2018–2020
Authors: Hiebert Joanne , Zubach Vanessa , Schulz Helene , Severini Alberto
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Measles is caused by the highly infectious measles virus, MeV, for which there is an effective vaccine. Monitoring of progress of measles elimination requires enhanced surveillance and tracking of MeV strains, including documenting the absence of an endemically circulating strain. Due to a reduction in the number of circulating genotypes, additional sequence information, beyond the standardized 450 nucleotide window of the nucleoprotein (N450), is required to corroborate the information from epidemiological investigations and, ideally, fill in gaps in the surveillance data.

Methods

This study applies MeV sequencing tools, namely the N450, the non-coding region between the matrix and fusion genes (MF-NCR), and the complete coding sequence of the genome (WGS-t), to clinical specimens obtained from cases occurring over a three-year time period in Canada. This data was systematically analyzed, including with Bayesian evolutionary analysis by sampling trees (BEAST) of the WGS-t.

Results and discussion

Of the 143 reported cases, N450, MF-NCR, and WGS-t sequences were obtained from 101, 81, and 75 cases, respectively. The BEAST analysis confirmed that the two most frequently detected lineages (B3 named strain MVi/Marikina City.PHL/10.18 and D8 named strain MVs/Gir Somnath.IND/42.16) were the result of repeated importations. Of the 16 outbreaks occurring during the study period, the analysis conclusively corroborated the epidemiological information for 13. BEAST analysis of the WGS-t convincingly demonstrated the expansion of two outbreaks by the inclusion of additional contemporary cases for which the epidemiological investigation had been unable to identify links. Furthermore, the analysis revealed the existence of three additional unrecognized outbreaks among the cases categorized as unknown source. One outbreak was without WGS-t and could not be resolved.

Conclusion

Measles WGS-t data corroborated and expanded upon the outbreak analysis from traditional epidemiological investigations of measles outbreaks. However, both are needed for fulsome investigations in elimination settings.
Gut bacteria facilitate pollinivory of the ladybird beetle Micraspis discolor
Authors: Li Guannan , Huang Yu-Hao , Cai Li-Qun , Mou Qian , Liang Yuan-Sen , Sun Yi-Fei , Li Hao , Yang Kun-Yu , Li Hao-Sen , Pang Hong
Published: November 2024

The ladybird beetle Micraspis discolor plays an important role as a predator of various arthropods within Asia’s rice ecosystems. While pollen could serve as an alternative diet for this beetle, facilitating mass-rearing, its pollinivory might inadvertently result in attacks on crop pollen. This study aims to explore the role of gut bacteria on pollinivory of M. discolor. We found that antibiotic treatment significantly reduced the performance of M. discolor when fed Brassica campestris pollen. However, the treatment did not significantly affect their performance when fed an alternative diet of Ephestia kuehniella eggs. Further, we found that antibiotics can eliminate a strain of Serratia marcescens, SmMd, which is a specific gut bacterium in M. discolor. Moreover, the performance of M. discolor showed some degree of recovery when SmMd was reintroduced into its diet. Therefore, we propose that gut bacteria, particularly SmMd, play a significant role in pollen use by this ladybird beetle. This insight enhances our understanding of the important role of gut bacteria in insect adaptation to diverse diets and can potentially optimize the utilization of M. discolor in biological control strategies.
Integrative analysis of metabolites and microbial diversity revealed metabolic mechanism of coarse feeding tolerance in Songliao Black sows during gestation
Authors: Zhao Jinbo , Zhao Wenjiang , Dong Jiaqiang , Zhang Hong , Yang Kun , Gao Shengyue , Feng Wanyu , Song Yan , Qi Meiyu , He Xinmiao
Published: November 2024

Dietary fiber is a key nutritional regulatory factor that has been studied intensively for its role in improving reproduction in sows during gestation. However, the metabolic mechanism underlying the effect of interactions between metabolites and gut microbes on coarse feeding tolerance in indigenous sows remains to be elucidated. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with alfalfa at different content ratios on the reproductive performance of pregnant Songliao Black sows. In total, 40 Songliao Black sows at 30 days of gestation were allocated to four treatments, which received the following diets: (1) a corn–soybean meal basal diet with no alfalfa meal (CON group), (2) a corn–soybean meal basal diet +10% alfalfa meal (Treatment 1 group), (3) a corn–soybean meal basal diet +20% alfalfa meal (Treatment 2 group), and (4) a corn–soybean meal basal diet +30% alfalfa meal (Treatment 3 group). Untargeted metabolomics, 16S rDNA sequencing, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were performed to determine the possible effects of metabolites, the microbial communities in fecal samples and their functional potential, and the effects of dietary fiber on serum biochemical parameters, oxidative stress, and reproductive hormones in Songliao Black sows during gestation. The results revealed that the meals with 10 and 20% alfalfa had a beneficial effect on sows in terms of improving the reproductive performance of these sows. Bacterial 16S rDNA sequencing of the fecal samples revealed that the 10% alfalfa meal group had a higher α-diversity and higher abundance of probiotics. Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria were revealed as the most abundant groups at the phylum level and Lactobacillus, Prevotella, Ruminococcus, Streptococcus, and Clostridium were the most abundant at the genus level in the sows fed with diets containing higher fiber levels. A total of 239 differential metabolites were identified in the sows fed with alfalfa meals. These metabolites were enriched mainly in the cAMP signaling pathway, biosynthesis of amino acids, and steroid biosynthesis. Pearson correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlations between Blautia and Daizein, Fibrobacter and 5-alpha-Cholestanone, Sphaerochaeta, Sutterella, and Metaraminol. Negative correlations were revealed between Sphaerochaeta and Erucic acid, Prevotellaceae and Harmaline, and Streptococcus and 5-alpha-Cholestanone. Collectively, these findings provide novel insights into the application of dietary fiber in sow diets.
On the diversity, phylogeny and biogeography of cable bacteria
Authors: Ley Philip , Geelhoed Jeanine S. , Vasquez-Cardenas Diana , Meysman Filip J. R.
Published: November 2024

Cable bacteria have acquired a unique metabolism, which induces long-distance electron transport along their centimeter-long multicellular filaments. At present, cable bacteria are thought to form a monophyletic clade with two described genera. However, their diversity has not been systematically investigated. To investigate the phylogenetic relationships within the cable bacteria clade, 16S rRNA gene sequences were compiled from literature and public databases (SILVA 138 SSU and NCBI GenBank). These were complemented with novel sequences obtained from natural sediment enrichments across a wide range of salinities (2–34). To enable taxonomic resolution at the species level, we designed a procedure to attain full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences from individual cable bacterium filaments using an optimized nested PCR protocol and Sanger sequencing. The final database contained 1,876 long 16S rRNA gene sequences (≥800 bp) originating from 92 aquatic locations, ranging from polar to tropical regions and from intertidal to deep sea sediments. The resulting phylogenetic tree reveals 90 potential species-level clades (based on a delineation value of 98.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence identity) that reside within six genus-level clusters. Hence, the diversity of cable bacteria appears to be substantially larger than the two genera and 13 species that have been officially named up to now. Particularly brackish environments with strong salinity fluctuations, as well as sediments with low free sulfide concentrations and deep sea sediments harbor a large pool of novel and undescribed cable bacteria taxa.
Learning-based object's stiffness and shape estimation with confidence level in multi-fingered hand grasping
Authors: Kutsuzawa Kyo , Matsumoto Minami , Owaki Dai , Hayashibe Mitsuhiro
Published: November 2024

Introduction

When humans grasp an object, they are capable of recognizing its characteristics, such as its stiffness and shape, through the sensation of their hands. They can also determine their level of confidence in the estimated object properties. In this study, we developed a method for multi-fingered hands to estimate both physical and geometric properties, such as the stiffness and shape of an object. Their confidence levels were measured using proprioceptive signals, such as joint angles and velocity.

Method

We have developed a learning framework based on probabilistic inference that does not necessitate hyperparameters to maintain equilibrium between the estimation of diverse types of properties. Using this framework, we have implemented recurrent neural networks that estimate the stiffness and shape of grasped objects with their uncertainty in real time.

Results

We demonstrated that the trained neural networks are capable of representing the confidence level of estimation that includes the degree of uncertainty and task difficulty in the form of variance and entropy.

Discussion

We believe that this approach will contribute to reliable state estimation. Our approach would also be able to combine with flexible object manipulation and probabilistic inference-based decision making.