bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New records of a lost species and a geographic range expansion for sengis in the Horn of Africa
Authors: Heritage Steven , Rayaleh Houssein , Awaleh Djama G. , Rathbun Galen B.
Published: August 2020

The Somali Sengi or Somali Elephant-shrew (‘Elephantulus’ revoilii, Macroscelidea, Mammalia) has been considered a “lost species” and is primarily known from about 39 museum specimens, with no new vouchered occurrence records since the early 1970s. The scientific literature contains no data concerning living Somali Sengi individuals and the species’ current Data Deficient conservation status is attributable to an absence of modern information. Almost everything that has been published about the species is derived from anatomical examinations of historic specimens, gleaned from museum collection notes, or inferred from the known habits and ecology of other sengi taxa. Here we report new evidence that the Somali Sengi is currently extant. These data include voucher specimens, georeferenced occurrence localities, body measurements, habitat parameters, and DNA sequences. While the species is historically documented as endemic to Somalia, these new records are from the neighboring Republic of Djibouti and thus expand the Somali Sengi’s known range in the Horn of Africa. Furthermore, Djiboutian locality data near international borders suggests that the Somali Sengi is also a current inhabitant of both Somalia and Ethiopia. Criteria that inform conservation status assessments (e.g., suitable habitat contiguity and occurrence in wildlife protected areas) can be positively characterized in Djibouti and therefore bode well for the survival of the Somali Sengi species. New data also inform previously undocumented substrate and sheltering affiliations. DNA analyses indicate that the Somali Sengi is a descendant of the Macroscelidini lineage and therefore reveal that the species’ referral to the genus Elephantulus is incompatible with sengi phylogeny. This taxonomic issue is resolved by recognizing a new genus replacement and recombinant binomial that redesignates the Somali Sengi as Galegeeska revoilii (gen. nov., nov. comb). An analysis of ancestral biogeography suggests that the Somali Sengi has inhabited the Horn of Africa for more than 5.4 million years—and the recognition of the species’ phylogenetic ancestry appends the already remarkable biogeographic story of the Macroscelidini tribe.
Transcriptome analysis provides a blueprint of coral egg and sperm functions
Authors: Van Etten Julia , Shumaker Alexander , Mass Tali , Putnam Hollie M. , Bhattacharya Debashish
Published: August 2020

Background

Reproductive biology and the evolutionary constraints acting on dispersal stages are poorly understood in many stony coral species. A key piece of missing information is egg and sperm gene expression. This is critical for broadcast spawning corals, such as our model, the Hawaiian speciesMontipora capitata, because eggs and sperm are exposed to environmental stressors during dispersal. Furthermore, parental effects such as transcriptome investment may provide a means for cross- or trans-generational plasticity and be apparent in egg and sperm transcriptome data.

Methods

Here, we analyzedM. capitataegg and sperm transcriptomic data to address three questions: (1) Which pathways and functions are actively transcribed in these gametes? (2) How does sperm and egg gene expression differ from adult tissues? (3) Does gene expression differ between these gametes?

Results

We show that egg and sperm display surprisingly similar levels of gene expression and overlapping functional enrichment patterns. These results may reflect similar environmental constraints faced by these motile gametes. We find significant differences in differential expression of egg vs. adult and sperm vs. adult RNA-seq data, in contrast to very few examples of differential expression when comparing egg vs. sperm transcriptomes. Lastly, using gene ontology and KEGG orthology data we show that both egg and sperm have markedly repressed transcription and translation machinery compared to the adult, suggesting a dependence on parental transcripts. We speculate that cell motility and calcium ion binding genes may be involved in gamete to gamete recognition in the water column and thus, fertilization.
Gender-specific associations between apolipoprotein A1 and arterial stiffness in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Sun Xulong , Chen Ruifang , Yan Guangyu , Chen Zhiheng , Yuan Hong , Huang Wei , Lu Yao
Published: August 2020

Background

Lipid metabolism factors may play an important role in the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its related cardiovascular dysfunctions. The study aims to assess whether Apolipoprotein A-1 (ApoA1) was associated with vascular stiffness in NAFLD patients.

Methods

From 2012 to 2013, we included 2,295 non-alcohol users with fatty liver disease (1,306 male patients) and completely excluded subjects who drank any alcohol ever to eliminate the effect of alcohol intake. The serum ApoA1 levels and the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) were measured.

Results

The baPWV in men was much higher than in female patients (1,412.79 cm/s vs. 1,358.69 cm/s, P < 0.001). ApoA1 level was positively associated with baPWV odd ratio (OR), 4.18; 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.16–15.1], P < 0.05) in patients with AST/ALT < 1 and (OR, 4.70; 95% CI [1.36–16.23], P < 0.05) in patients with AST/ALT ≥ 1 respectively. Only arterial stiffness in men was associated with ApoA1 (OR, 3.96; 95% CI [1.29–12.30], P < 0.05) in logistics regression models adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, education attainment, physical activity, smoking, history of hypertension and high-density lipoprotein. The relationship between ApoA1 and baPWV in male NAFLD patients remained significant (confidence, 156.42; 95% CI [49.34–263.50], P < 0.05) in the fully adjusted linear regression model.

Conclusion

The serum ApoA1 was associated with arterial stiffness in male NAFLD patients. Increased ApoA1 level should be considered as an independent risk factor for arterial stiffness in male NAFLD patients, suggesting that NAFLD may alter arterial stiffness by “ApoA1-related” mechanism in men.
Significance of hub genes and immune cell infiltration identified by bioinformatics analysis in pelvic organ prolapse
Authors: Zhao Ying , Xia Zhijun , Lin Te , Yin Yitong
Published: August 2020

Objective

Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) refers to the decline of pelvic organ position and dysfunction caused by weak pelvic floor support. The aim of the present study was to screen the hub genes and immune cell infiltration related to POP disease.

Methods

Microarray data of 34 POP tissues in the GSE12852 gene expression dataset were used as research objects. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to elucidate the hub module and hub genes related to POP occurrence. Gene function annotation was performed using the DAVID tool. Differential analysis based on the GSE12852 dataset was carried out to explore the expression of the selected hub genes in POP and non-POP tissues, and RT-qPCR was used to validate the results. The differential immune cell infiltration between POP and non-POP tissues was investigated using the CIBERSORT algorithm.

Results

WGCNA revealed the module that possessed the highest correlation with POP occurrence. Functional annotation indicated that the genes in this module were mainly involved in immunity. ZNF331, THBS1, IFRD1, FLJ20533, CXCR4, GEM, SOD2, and SAT were identified as the hub genes. Differential analysis and RT-qPCR demonstrated that the selected hub genes were overexpressed in POP tissues as compared with non-POP tissues. The CIBERSORT algorithm was employed to evaluate the infiltration of 22 immune cell types in POP tissues and non-POP tissues. We found greater infiltration of activated mast cells and neutrophils in POP tissues than non-POP tissues, while the infiltration of resting mast cells was lower in POP tissues. Moreover, we investigated the relationship between the type of immune cell infiltration and hub genes by Pearson correlation analysis. The results indicate that activated mast cells and neutrophils had a positive correlation with the hub genes, while resting mast cells had a negative correlation with the hub genes.

Conclusions

Our research identified eight hub genes and the infiltration of three types of immune cells related to POP occurrence. These hub genes may participate in the pathogenesis of POP through the immune system, giving them a certain diagnostic and therapeutic value.
MANEJO DE PLANTAS DANINHAS EM FRUTÍFERAS TROPICAIS: ABACAXIZEIRO, BANANEIRA, COQUEIRO, MAMOEIRO E MARACUJAZEIRO
Authors: Morota Felipe Kiyoshi , Biffe Denis Fernando , Mendes Rafael Romero , Mattiuzzi Mateus Dalpubel , Raimondi Ricardo Travasso , Fernandes Leonardo Ribeiro
Published: August 2020

O Brasil é o terceiro maior produtor de frutas do mundo, sendo que as plantas daninhasconstituem um dos principais problemas para a exploração da capacidade de produção defrutíferas tropicais. Ainda há muitas lacunas no conhecimento do manejo adequado deplantas das plantas daninhas em cultivos de frutíferas. O objetivo desta revisão foi sumarizardados sobre a interferência, métodos de controle e manejo de plantas daninhas nas culturasdo abacaxizeiro, bananeira, coqueiro, mamoeiro e maracujazeiro. Métodos mecânicosassociados à aplicação de herbicidas nas entrelinhas de cultivo são as principais práticas decontrole, enquanto o consórcio com culturas intercalares, controle físico, controle cultural ea integração frutíferas-pecuária ainda são práticas pouco utilizadas. Os principais problemasrelacionados ao manejo de plantas daninhas em frutíferas tropicais estão relacionados,muitas vezes, a utilização do método inadequado, falta de informação sobre os períodoscríticos de interferência de plantas daninhas (período de controle) e ao baixo número demoléculas herbicidas registrados para estas culturas.
PRE-EMERGENT HERBICIDE APPLICATION PERFORMED AFTER CROP SOWING FAVORS PIGWEED (AMARANTHUS SPP.) AND WHITE-EYE (RICHARDIA BRASILIENSIS) CONTROL IN SOYBEANS
Authors: Pedroso Rafael Munhoz , Avila Neto Roberto Costa , Dourado Neto Durval
Published: August 2020

A utilização de herbicidas pré-emergentes oferece alternativa promissora para o manejo depopulações de plantas daninhas de difícil controle na cultura da soja, como aquelasapresentando tolerância ao herbicida glifosato como a poaia-branca (Richardia brasiliensis).Neste trabalho, objetivamos analisar avaliar possíveis diferenças na eficiência de controle eseletividade à soja quando pré-emergentes são aplicados anteriormente, ou logo após asemeadura da cultura. Para tal, conduziu-se experimento de campo empregando 10herbicidas pré-emergentes (além de testemunhas sem controle e capinadas), com 4repetições e aplicando-se os tratamentos antes ou após a semeadura da soja. Resultadosindicam que o momento de aplicação de herbicidas pré-emergentes em relação à semeadurada soja alterou significativamente a eficiência de controle de alguns ingredientes ativossobre plantas daninhas, porém não afetou a seletividade destes. Contudo, os herbicidasdiclosulam, mesotrione, flumioxazina, e a mistura flumioxazina + imazethapyr foramigualmente eficientes para o controle de poaia-branca e caruru, independentemente domomento de aplicação. Os únicos tratamentos com herbicidas que propiciaram controlesatisfatório (>70%) de todas as espécies avaliadas (poaia-branca, caruru e aveia-preta,Avena strigosa Schreb.) foram flumioxazina, e a mistura flumioxazin + imazethapyr.Aplicações em plante-e-aplique resultaram em ganhos produtivos médios de mais de 600 kgha-1 em relação ao aplique-e-plante, possivelmente devido ao controle superior de plantasdaninhas latifoliadas. Em conjunto, estas informações são úteis ao sojicultor, visto que nãoacarretam elevação no custo de manejo, somente afetando o momento de entrada na áreapara aplicação dos pré-emergentes.
Pressure Transient Analysis for Sandstone Reservoir by Using Saphir
Authors: Ali Hussein Al-
Published: August 2020

This work is discussed how to differentiate between two tricky models for sand stone formation by using the pressure transient analysis PTA for three Wells which are distributed in south, middle and north of X field. In the derivative curve these two models have the same sequence of flow regime which are by hump, first radial flow regime, transition hump and then late radial flow regime. The parameter Kappa (K) played the most important key to select the type of reservoir model and differentiate between the two models in PTA. In the middle and south of the field, this parameter has a value close to one at well no. Rt-16 & Rt-18, which means that the system behaves as dual porosity. On the other hand, Kappa has a value of around (0.74) in Rt-17 to represent a double permeability system but without cross flow between two layers due to the small value of Lamda.
Política e educação: observações acerca de Inessa Armand - feminista, revolucionária e educadora.
Authors: Schlesener Anita Helena , Masson Gisele
Published: August 2020

O propósito deste artigo é tecer algumas considerações acerca da contribuição de Inessa Armand ao processo de Revolução Russa de 1917 como militante política, feminista e educadora. Para tanto, apresentamos algumas notas biográficas acentuando que, apesar de ter sido uma figura de primeiro plano no Partido Bolchevique, tanto antes da Revolução atuando na clandestinidade contra o czarismo quanto depois de 1917, na organização do movimento das mulheres, são poucas as fontes que abordam sua vida e seu trabalho de militante. Em seguida, fazemos observações acerca do trabalho educativo por ela desenvolvido, tanto como diretora do Zhenotdel, Departamento das Mulheres do Comitê Central do Partido Bolchevique. Fazemos observações sobre a experiência escolar de Paris, junto a Nadezhda Krupskaja na criação de uma escola alternativa para jovens militantes. Acentuamos a contribuição de muitas mulheres na organização e direção do processo educativo soviético, que lutaram bravamente para que a Revolução de Outubro de 1917 se efetivasse e cujos nomes ficaram no anonimato.
Occupational respiratory morbidity among hair and beauty salon workers in Udupi taluk, Karnataka, India
Authors: Tomar Shubhi , Tiwari Rajnarayan R. , Verma Garima
Published: August 2020

Background

The Indian hair and beauty salon industry is growing rapidly due to the demand for beauty and personal care services and products. Workers in the industry are vulnerable to several occupational factors such as chemicals, confined space, and poor ventilation. Chemicals in the products used are known or suspected to cause allergies, respiratory, neurological and reproductive health problems and cancer.

Methods

The present study was carried out to determine the factors associated with the occurrence of respiratory morbidity among hair and beauty salon workers of Udupi taluk, Karnataka, India. A total of 240 salon workers were recruited for the study. A semistructured, interviewer‐led questionnaire was used to collect data. Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) was done using a JSB peak flow meter.

Results

The frequency of respiratory morbidity among participating beauty salon workers was 19%. Men reported respiratory symptoms more frequently than women. Receiving training on work materials and practices was a significant protective factor (odds ratio = 0.3; 95% confidence interval: 0.1‐0.7) for the occurrence of respiratory morbidity. The mean observed PEFR in these workers was significantly lower than their predicted values. While 61.2% of the workers were using some form of personal protective equipment, only 4% of workers used a mask or respiratory protection.

Conclusion

Hair and beauty salon workers are at risk of developing respiratory morbidity potentially from harmful exposures and lack of effective control measures at the workplace.
A Non‐aqueous H3PO4 Electrolyte Enables Stable Cycling of Proton Electrodes
Authors: Xu Yunkai , Wu Xianyong , Jiang Heng , Tang Longteng , Koga Kenneth Y. , Fang Chong , Lu Jun , Ji Xiulei
Published: August 2020

A non‐aqueous proton electrolyte is devised by dissolving H3PO4 into acetonitrile. The electrolyte exhibits unique vibrational signatures from stimulated Raman spectroscopy. Such an electrolyte exhibits unique characteristics compared to aqueous acidic electrolytes: 1) higher (de)protonation potential for a lower desolvation energy of protons, 2) better cycling stability by dissolution suppression, and 3) higher Coulombic efficiency owing to the lack of oxygen evolution reaction. Two non‐aqueous proton full cells exhibit better cycling stability, higher Coulombic efficiency, and less self‐discharge compared to the aqueous counterpart.
A Pilot Study of a Physical Therapy Cadaveric Anatomy Course: Assessing the Impact of Examination Format on the Learning Environment
Authors: Fournier Dale E. , Groh Adam M. R.
Published: August 2020

Anatomy education continues to evolve in health professional programs as curricula shift to competency‐based models and contact hours decrease. These changes in curricula may significantly alter the learning environment for students. Importantly, changes in learning environment have been shown to impact student learning strategies and well‐being. It follows, then, that an investigation of students' perceptions of the learning environment is key to understand the impact of modern anatomy curriculum alterations. The current pilot study evaluated the impact of modifying examination format on the learning environment of physical therapy students participating in a human cadaveric anatomy course. Two study cohorts of first year (entry‐level) physical therapy students were invited to complete a preliminary learning environment questionnaire with 13 visual analog scale items and four short answer items. One study cohort was tested with a viva (oral) practical examination, and the other, with a bell‐ringer practical examination. Analysis of quantitative items revealed two significant findings: physical therapy students in the bell‐ringer cohort found it was more difficult to prepare for their examination, and that they had inadequate time to respond to questions compared to the viva cohort. Analysis of qualitative items revealed distinct themes that concerned physical therapy student learning environment specific to cadaveric anatomy. These results demonstrate that examination format can influence the learning environment of physical therapy students studying cadaveric anatomy. As a result, care needs to be taken to ensure that modernized curricula align the examination format to the method of instruction and the future application of students' knowledge in clinical practice.
Representatives of future generations as promoters of sustainability in corporate decision processes
Authors: Bogacki Julia , Letmathe Peter
Published: August 2020

Current protests of the young generation emphasize that interests of future generations should be taken more into account by policy makers and in corporate decision processes. As organizations contribute to enduring environmental and social problems, they are required to promote sustainability in order to preserve options for the well‐being of future generations. However, organizational decision makers often take a short‐term perspective and neglect investments in intergenerational justice. Previous theoretical work has acknowledged the importance of representing future generations in today's decision‐making processes to adopt a long‐term perspective in order to promote intergenerational justice. In a laboratory experiment, we show that appointing representatives of future generations at the organizational level can foster investments in intergenerational justice. Although this outcome is more pronounced when aligned with the representatives' individual incentives, it even persists for a representative who is monetarily penalized for advocating the interests of future generations.
Elucidating Atropisomerism in Nonplanar Porphyrins with Tunable Supramolecular Complexes
Authors: Norvaiša Karolis , O'Brien John E. , Gibbons Dáire J. , Senge Mathias O.
Published: August 2020

Atropisomerism is a fundamental feature of substituted biaryls resulting from rotation around the biaryl axis. Different stereoisomers are formed due to restricted rotation about the single bond, a situation often found in substituted porphyrins. Previously NMR determination of porphyrin atropisomers proved difficult, if not almost impossible to accomplish, due to low resolution or unresolvable resonance signals that predominantly overlapped. Here, we shed some light on this fundamental issue found in porphyrinoid stereochemistry. Using benzenesulfonic acid (BSA) for host‐guest interactions and performing 1D, 2D NMR spectroscopic analyses, we were able to characterize all four rotamers of the nonplanar 5,10,15,20‐tetrakis(2‐aminophenyl)‐2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18‐octaethylporphyirin as restricted H‐bonding complexes. Additionally, X‐ray structural analysis was used to investigate aspects of the weak host–guest interactions. A detailed assignment of the chemical signals suggests charge‐assisted complexation as a key to unravel the atropisomeric enigma. From a method development perspective, symmetry operations unique to porphyrin atropisomers offer an essential handle to accurately identify the rotamers using NMR techniques only.
Dissecting the genetic overlap of smoking behaviors, lung cancer, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A focus on nicotinic receptors and nicotine metabolizing enzyme
Authors: Bray Michael J. , Chen Li‐Shiun , Fox Louis , Hancock Dana B. , Culverhouse Robert C. , Hartz Sarah M. , Johnson Eric O. , Liu Mengzhen , McKay James D. , Saccone Nancy L. , Hokanson John E. , Vrieze Scott I. , Tyndale Rachel F. , Baker Timothy B. , Bierut Laura J.
Published: August 2020

Smoking is a major contributor to lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Two of the strongest genetic associations of smoking‐related phenotypes are the chromosomal regions 15q25.1, encompassing the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit genesCHRNA5‐CHRNA3‐CHRNB4, and 19q13.2, encompassing the nicotine metabolizing geneCYP2A6. In this study, we examined genetic relations between cigarettes smoked per day, smoking cessation, lung cancer, and COPD. Data consisted of genome‐wide association study summary results. Genetic correlations were estimated using linkage disequilibrium score regression software. For each pair of outcomes, z‐score‐z‐score (ZZ) plots were generated. Overall, heavier smoking and decreased smoking cessation showed positive genetic associations with increased lung cancer and COPD risk. The chromosomal region 19q13.2, however, showed a different correlational pattern. For example, the effect allele‐C of the sentinel SNP (rs56113850) withinCYP2A6was associated with an increased risk of heavier smoking (z‐score = 19.2;p = 1.10 × 10−81), lung cancer (z‐score = 8.91;p = 5.02 × 10−19), and COPD (z‐score = 4.04;p = 5.40 × 10−5). Surprisingly, this allele‐C (rs56113850) was associated with increased smoking cessation (z‐score = −8.17;p = 2.52 × 10−26). This inverse relationship highlights the need for additional investigation to determine howCYP2A6variation could increase smoking cessation while also increasing the risk of lung cancer and COPD likely through increased cigarettes smoked per day.
Long‐term seizure recurrence after eclampsia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Barber Zoe E. , Dobbs Thomas D. , Gibson John A.G. , Latibeaudiere Monique , Robb Amy O.
Published: August 2020

Background

Seizure recurrence after a fit has implications for both individuals and healthcare providers guiding neurologic prognosis, treatment, and driving and work restrictions. A systematic review of long‐term seizure recurrence after eclampsia will help to quantify recurrence risk in this setting.

Objective

To evaluate the long‐term recurrence of seizures after eclampsia.

Search strategy

After PROSPERO registration, Medline (Ovid), Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched by using the terms (eclampsia OR eclamp* OR eclamptic seizure* OR eclamptic fit*) AND (recur* OR recurrent fit* OR recurrent seizure*) for studies published up until December 2019.

Selection criteria

Studies describing long‐term seizure recurrence after a diagnosis of eclampsia were included.

Data collection and analysis

Data were extracted from studies independently by two authors. Pooled prevalence was calculated and weighted based on sample size with a 95% confidence interval (CI).

Main results

Initially, 1754 unique studies were identified and 4 were included in the final analysis. The studies involved 1896 women, of whom 7 (0.37%) were affected by a further seizure. The weighted pooled prevalence of seizure recurrence was 0.18% (95% CI, 0.03–1.02).

Conclusion

The absolute rate of long‐term seizure recurrence after eclampsia is extremely low and within safe limits for driving.
The role of the microbiome and the NLRP3 inflammasome in the gut and lung
Authors: Donovan Chantal , Liu Gang , Shen Sj , Marshall Jacqueline E , Kim Richard Y , Alemao Charlotte A , Budden Kurtis F , Choi Jaesung P , Kohonen-Corish Maija , El-Omar Emad M , Yang Ian A , Hansbro Philip M
Published: August 2020

The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor (NLR) family, pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, is one of the most well-characterized inflammasomes, activated by pathogen-associated molecular patterns and damage-associated molecular patterns, including from commensal or pathogenic bacterial and viral infections. The NLRP3 inflammasome promotes inflammatory cell recruitment and regulates immune responses in tissues such as the gastrointestinal tract and the lung, and is involved in many diseases that affect the gut and lung. Recently, the microbiome in the gut and the lung, and the crosstalk between these organs (gut–lung axis), has been identified as a potential mechanism that may influence disease in a bidirectional manner. In this review, we focus on themes presented in this area at the 2019 World Congress on Inflammation. We discuss recent evidence on how the microbiome can affect NLRP3 inflammasome responses in the gut and lung, the role of this inflammasome in regulating gut and lung inflammation in disease, and its potential role in the gut–lung axis. We highlight the exponential increase in our understanding of the NLRP3 inflammasome due to the synthesis of the NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor, MCC950, and propose future studies that may further elucidate the roles of the NLRP3 inflammasome in gut and lung diseases.
The Effects of Polyvictimization on Mental and Physical Health Outcomes in an LGBTQ Sample
Authors: Kassing Francesca , Casanova Tracy , Griffin James A. , Wood Elizabeth , Stepleman Lara M.
Published: August 2020

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer/questioning (LGBTQ) individuals are at elevated risk for violent victimization and often experience increased health disparities compared to their non‐LGBTQ counterparts. The present study examined associations between polyvictimization and mental and physical health in an LGBTQ sample. Participants included 385 LGBTQ individuals involved in a larger health‐needs assessment of LGBTQ individuals living in the southeastern United States. The sample primarily identified as gay/lesbian (63.4%), cisgender (78.7%), and White (66.5%), and the mean participant age was 34.82 years (SD = 13.45). A latent class analysis (LCA) was conducted on seven items assessing different types of violence exposure. The LCA identified a three‐class model, with classes characterized by low trauma exposure (71.4%), nondiscriminatory violence (15.1%), and high trauma exposure (13.5%). Differences in demographic characteristics, perceptions of mental and physical health, and diagnoses of specific health conditions were assessed across classes. The high‐trauma class reported poorer perceived physical and mental health compared to the other two classes, with mean differences in past‐month poor health days ranging from 11.38 to 17.37. There were no differences between the classes regarding specific physical health conditions; however, the high‐trauma and nondiscriminatory violence classes had significantly higher rates of anxiety, depression, drug abuse, and suicidality than the low‐trauma class, ORs = 2.39–23.83. The present findings suggest that polyvictimization is an important risk factor for poor health among LGBTQ individuals. These results have implications for addressing health disparities among the broader LGBTQ community.
A Randomized Trial of Modified Prolonged Exposure to Prevent the Development of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Patients Hospitalized With Traumatic Injuries
Authors: Larsen Sadie E. , Hunt Joshua C. , Geier Tim , Heyrman Katelyn , Schumann Nicholas , Brandolino Amber , Timmer‐Murillo Sydney , Bergner Carisa , Larson Christine , deRoon‐Cassini Terri A.
Published: August 2020

Individuals who require hospitalization after traumatic injuries are at increased risk for developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); however, few early behavioral interventions have been effective at preventing PTSD within this population. The aim of this pilot study was to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of modified prolonged exposure therapy (mPE) to prevent PTSD and depression symptoms among patients hospitalized after a DSM‐5 single‐incident trauma. Hospitalized patients were eligible if they screened positive for PTSD risk. Participants (N = 74) were randomly assigned in a parallel‐groups design to receive mPE (n = 38) or standard of care treatment (SoC; n = 36) while admitted to the hospital after a traumatic injury. Individuals randomized to the intervention condition received one (42.1%), two (36.8%), or three sessions (15.8%) of mPE, mainly depending on length of stay. There were no significant differences between groups regarding PTSD or depression severity at 1‐ or 3‐months posttrauma, except for more PTSD diagnoses in the intervention group after 1 month, ϕ = −.326. Intervention differences were nonsignificant when we took baseline PTSD symptoms and the nonindependence of the repeated measurements within the data into account. No adverse events were reported. Overall, mPE was no more effective than SoC for hospitalized, traumatic injury survivors with a high PTSD risk. The results may point to a need for a stepped‐care approach, where intervention protocols focus on first briefly treating individuals who are actively exhibiting acute stress reactions, then extensively treating those whose symptoms do not decrease over time.
Desalination of Seawater Using Cationic Poly(acrylamide) Hydrogels and Mechanical Forces for Separation
Authors: Fengler Christian , Arens Lukas , Horn Harald , Wilhelm Manfred
Published: August 2020

In this study, the ability of cationic poly(acrylamide‐co‐(3‐acrylamidopropyl)trimethylammonium chloride) hydrogels to desalinate seawater is explored, where the salt separation is based on the partial rejection of mobile salt ions by the fixed charges along the polymer backbone. Water absorbency measurements reveal that artificial seawater‐containing divalent ions (Mg2+, Ca2+, and SO42−) drastically decrease the swelling capacity of previously employed anionic poly(acrylic acid‐co‐sodium acrylate) hydrogels, whereas no influence on the swelling behavior of the synthesized cationic hydrogels is found. The swelling behavior and mechanical properties are studied by varying the degree of crosslinking and degree of ionization systematically in the range of 1–5 and 25–75 mol%, respectively. Finally, artificial seawater (csea = 0.171 mol L−1) is desalinated in a custom‐built press setup with an estimated efficiency of Em³ = 17.6 kWh m−³ by applying an external pressure on the swollen hydrogels.
Comparison of the outcomes between free anteromedial thigh flap and anterolateral thigh flap in head and neck cancer reconstruction: Analysis of propensity‐score‐matched patient cohorts
Authors: Moltedo Nicolas Flores , Wu Shao‐Chun , Lin Cen‐Hung , Yang Johnson Chia‐Shen , Kuo Spencer C. H. , Chien Peng‐Chen , Hsieh Hsiao‐Yun , Hsieh Ching‐Hua
Published: August 2020

Background

The anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap is a workhorse flap in head and neck cancer reconstruction. The anteromedial thigh (AMT) flap was developed as a rescue or alternative flap whenever the ALT flap is not available; however, the harvest of AMT flap seems to be more challenging in the sense that perforators have multiple variations. This study was designed to compare the outcome of the AMT and ALT flaps in head and neck cancer reconstruction.

Methods

A total of 1,547 ALT and 57 AMT flaps were used for head and neck cancer reconstruction between March 1, 2008 and February 28, 2017. Differences in patient and operative characteristics were compared between the patients undergoing AMT and ALT flap reconstruction. The primary outcome of the free flap was its survival or failure, while the second outcome was the associated complications.

Results

Compared to those who had ALT flap reconstruction, the patients who underwent AMT flap reconstruction had a higher rate of conditions that required reconstruction after previous cancer ablation and recurrence but a lower rate of primary cancer and deeply located cancer. Analysis of the 40 well‐balanced pairs of propensity‐score‐matched patient cohorts revealed that the AMT flaps were associated with a significantly higher failure rate than the ALT flaps (15.0 vs. 0.0%, respectively; p = .026).

Conclusion

This study revealed that AMT flaps were associated with a significantly higher failure rate than ALT flaps in head and neck cancer reconstruction in the cohort of total patients and the propensity‐score‐matched cohorts.
Experimental study on a novel replaceable yielding‐based energy dissipater for rocking and seesaw buildings
Authors: Kherad Soroush , Hosseini Mahmood , Motamedi Mehrtash
Published: August 2020

The use of energy dissipaters for creation of earthquake‐resilient buildings has been paid more and more attention in recent years, and some newly developed structural fuses or dampers have been proposed to be employed in rocking and seesaw buildings. In this study, a new type of yielding‐based dampers, called curved‐yielding‐plates energy dissipater (CYPED), is introduced. CYPEDs are installed at the bottom of rocking or seesaw building's circumferential columns at the lowest story and have hysteretic behavior in their deformation occurring in vertical direction. The initial curvature of the yielding plates prevents them from buckling and gives the device a smooth force–deformation behavior. First, by performing a set of cyclic tests on three specimens of CYPED, their hysteretic force–displacement behavior was investigated. Then, to show the efficiency of this energy dissipating device in reducing the seismic response of buildings, they were employed numerically as multilinear plastic springs in the computer models of a sample seesaw steel building, and a series of nonlinear time history analysis (NLTHA) were performed on both seesaw building and its conventional counterpart. Results of NLTHA show that the proposed seesaw structural system equipped with appropriate CYPEDs not only gives the building a longer natural period, leading to lower seismic demand, but also leads to remarkable energy dissipation capacity in the building structure at base level and, therefore, keeping the seismic drifts in elastic range in all stories of the building. In this way, the building structure does not need any major repair work, even after a large earthquake, while the conventional building suffers from heavy damage and is not usable after the earthquake.
Assessing instructional quality in science in the era of ambitious reforms: A pilot study
Authors: Tekkumru‐Kisa Miray , Preston Courtney , Kisa Zahid , Oz Elif , Morgan Jennifer
Published: August 2020

Recent instructional reforms in science education bring a new vision that aims to move science teaching away from a focus on discrete facts covered at a superficial level to a focus on a smaller number of disciplinary core ideas that can be explored in depth. The success of these reforms depends on the instructional quality in science classrooms. Our goal in this paper is to introduce an instructional quality assessment tool that can provide a window into the extent to which students learn science through rigorous opportunities as envisioned in these reforms. We present the conceptual grounding of the tool and its development process with findings from a pilot test. Data collection involved in‐class assignments, students' work, and video‐records from nine science teachers' classrooms at a local school. The analysis revealed that the instructional quality assessment tool can reliably capture the variation in rigor in science classrooms. Specifically, the tool has the potential to assess elements of ambitious science teaching focusing on the rigor of tasks and talk that shape students' high‐level thinking and sensemaking in science classrooms. The article concludes by discussing future directions for the further development of this tool and the ways in which it can be used for instructional improvement and teacher learning.
Deep‐Belief‐Networks Based Fault Classification in Power Distribution Networks
Authors: Hong Cui , Zeng Ze‐Yu , Fu Yu‐Ze , Guo Mou‐Fa
Published: August 2020

Accurate fault classification is the premise of fault location and management study in a power distribution network. In most of the traditional fault classification methods used in power distribution network, the characteristic quantities are selected by experience, which will increase the uncertainty of fault classification results. A novel fault classification method based on deep belief networks (DBN) is proposed in this paper. Samples of fault current and voltage are preprocessed by min–max standardization and waveform splicing firstly, then they are used to train the DBN together with fault type label. Characteristic quantities of the current and voltage will be automatically extracted by the well‐trained DBN model, and the reliable fault type classification of distribution network can be realized. Simulation and experimental results show that the fault classification method is suitable for distribution network, and it has not only characteristics of obvious fault feature extraction and high fault classification accuracy, but also has good adaptability while the neutral grounding modes changing or used in power distribution network with distributed generator. © 2020 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Contaminants of emerging concern in aquatic environment: Occurrence, monitoring, fate, and risk assessment
Authors: Tang Yankui , Zhong Yaxuan , Li Huilan , Huang Yiting , Guo Xinye , Yang Fan , Wu Yu
Published: August 2020

The present work provides a review focusing on contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in aquatic environment, with an emphasis on their occurrence, monitoring, fate, and risk assessment in the research published in the scientific literature in 2019. Several studies revealed that these organic contaminants were detected in many water bodies and suspect, nontarget, and target screening provided an efficient detection for the co‐existing organic substances with complex components. Wastewater resource recovery facilities were concurrently considered as a central source, and several specific chemicals have been found to be used as chemical markers to track the source of CECs in some urban watersheds. Reliable monitoring, reliable fate/toxicity assessment, and effective removal that consider CECs as a heterogeneous group rather than single substances will be the challenges for the research community in the future.
Determination of radial pressure distribution on the wall of the press channel of a novel biomass single die pelletiser
Authors: Trinh Quyen V. , Nagy Sándor , Faitli József , Csőke Barnabás
Published: August 2020

Pressure is an important process parameter that greatly influences the density of biomass pellets. The positive number of Poisson’s ratio of biomasses makes pelletising possible in ring die and flat die types of pelletisers, because as a consequence of the longitudinal direction of load, the material strains into the radial direction. The radial strain is obstructed by the channel wall and therefore radial pressure and wall friction occur, which supports (backs) the compression of the further sequentially loaded biomass. A novel test device consisting of a single pelletising unit and a novel sensor, a back pressure measurement disc was developed and calibrated. Pelletising experiments were carried out with a flat die pelletising machine and with the single pelletiser unit with ground post agglomerated (GPA)-spelt chaff (chaff of triticum spelta) samples. The body density and radial pressure values in different pelletising unit segments were measured. The equations introduced for dimensionless relative density and for radial pressure as a function of the relative position equations fit the measured data well.
Preparation for the next COVID-19 wave: The European Hip Society and European Knee Associates recommendations
Authors: Donell Simon T. , Thaler Martin , Budhiparama Nicolaas C. , Buttaro Martin A. , Chen Antonia F. , Diaz-Ledezma Claudio , Gomberg Bruce , Hirschmann Michael T. , Karachalios Theofilos , Karpukhin Alexey , Sandiford Nemandra Amir , Shao Hongyi , Tandogan Reha , Violante Bruno , Zagra Luigi , Kort Nanne P.
Published: August 2020

Purpose

To plan for the continuance of elective hip and knee arthroplasty during a resurgence or new wave of COVID-19 infections.

Method

A systematic review was conducted using the terms “COVID-19” or “SARS-Cov-2” and “second wave”. No relevant citations were found to inform on recommendations the plan. Therefore, an expert panel of the European Hip Society and the European Knee Associates was formed to provide the recommendations.

Results

Overall, the recommendations consider three phases; review of the first wave, preparation for the next wave, and during the next wave. International and national policies will drive most of the management. The recommendations focus on the preparation phase and, in particular, the actions that the individual surgeon needs to undertake to continue with, and practice, elective arthroplasty during the next wave, as well as planning their personal and their family’s lives. The recommendations expect rigorous data collection during the next wave, so that a cycle of continuous improvement is created to take account of any future waves.

Conclusions

The recommendations for planning to continue elective hip and knee arthroplasty during a new phase of the SARS-Cov-2 pandemic provide a framework to reduce the risk of a complete shutdown of elective surgery. This involves engaging with hospital managers and other specialities in the planning process. Individuals have responsibilities to themselves, their colleagues, and their families, beyond the actual delivery of elective arthroplasty.
Indenting soft samples (hydrogels and cells) with cantilevers possessing various shapes of probing tip
Authors: Zemła Joanna , Bobrowska Justyna , Kubiak Andrzej , Zieliński Tomasz , Pabijan Joanna , Pogoda Katarzyna , Bobrowski Piotr , Lekka Małgorzata
Published: August 2020

The identification of cancer-related changes in cells and tissues based on the measurements of elastic properties using atomic force microscopy (AFM) seems to be approaching clinical application. Several limiting aspects have already been discussed; however, still, no data have shown how specific AFM probe geometries are related to the biomechanical evaluation of cancer cells. Here, we analyze and compare the nanomechanical results of mechanically homogenous polyacrylamide gels and heterogeneous bladder cancer cells measured using AFM probes of various tip geometry, including symmetric and non-symmetric pyramids and a sphere. Our observations show large modulus variability aligned with both types of AFM probes used and with the internal structure of the cells. Altogether, these results demonstrate that it is possible to differentiate between compliant and rigid samples of kPa elasticity; however, simultaneously, they highlight the strong need for standardized protocols for AFM-based elasticity measurements if applied in clinical practice including the use of a single type of AFM cantilever.
False positive PSMA PET for tumor remnants in the irradiated prostate and other interpretation pitfalls in a prospective multi-center trial
Authors: Fendler Wolfgang P. , Calais Jeremie , Eiber Matthias , Simko Jeffrey P. , Kurhanewicz John , Santos Romelyn Delos , Feng Felix Y. , Reiter Robert E. , Rettig Matthew B. , Nickols Nicholas G. , Kishan Amar U. ,   PSMA PET Reader Group, Shozo Okamoto , Emmett Louise , Zacho Helle D. , Ilhan Harun , Rischpler Christoph , Wetter Axel , Schoder Heiko , Burger Irene A. , Slavik Roger , Carroll Peter R. , Lawhn-Heath Courtney , Herrmann Ken , Czernin Johannes , Hope Thomas A.
Published: August 2020

Purpose

Readers need to be informed about potential pitfalls of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET interpretation.

Methods

Here we report [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET findings discordant with the histopathology/composite reference standard in a recently published prospective trial on 635 patients with biochemically recurrent prostate cancer.

Results

Consensus reads were false positive in 20 regions of 17/217 (8%) patients with lesion validation. Majority of the false positive interpretations (13 of 20, 65%) occurred in the context of suspected prostate (bed) relapse (T) after radiotherapy (n = 11); other false positive findings were noted for prostate bed post prostatectomy (T, n = 2), pelvic nodes (N, n = 2), or extra pelvic lesions (M, n = 5). Major sources of false positive findings were PSMA-expressing residual adenocarcinoma with marked post-radiotherapy treatment effect. False negative interpretation occurred in 8 regions of 6/79 (8%) patients with histopathology validation, including prostate (bed) (n = 5), pelvic nodes (n = 1), and extra pelvic lesions (n = 2). Lesions were missed mostly due to small metastases or adjacent bladder/urine uptake.

Conclusion

[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET at biochemical recurrence resulted in less than 10% false positive interpretations. Post-radiotherapy prostate uptake was a major source of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET false positivity. In few cases, PET correctly detects residual PSMA expression post-radiotherapy, originating however from treated, benign tissue or potentially indolent tumor remnants.

Trial registration number

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers: NCT02940262 and NCT03353740.
Fingolimod and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in checkpoint-inhibitor treated cancer patients
Authors: Hasan Ali Omar , Berner Fiamma , Ackermann Christoph Jakob , Ring Sandra Stephanie , Moulin Alexandre , Müller Joachim , Markert Eva , Pop Oltin Tiberiu , Müller Stefanie , Diem Stefan , Hundsberger Thomas , Flatz Lukas
Published: August 2020

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are emerging as the new standard of care for treating various metastatic cancers. It is known that effective anti-tumor immune responses are associated with a stronger presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in solid tumor tissue. Cancer patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) are often under continuous treatment with fingolimod, an immune-modulating drug that inhibits lymphocyte egress from secondary lymphatic organs. Little is known about the effect of fingolimod on ICI cancer therapy, as fingolimod may limit the number of TILs. Here we present three patients with RRMS, who developed various cancers during fingolimod treatment. Histology of all tumors consistently showed low numbers of TILs. A second biopsy taken from one of the tumors, a melanoma, revealed a significant increase of TILs after stopping fingolimod and starting pembrolizumab, indicating a surge in the number and re-invigoration of T cells. Our study suggests that fingolimod limits the number of TILs in solid tumors and may, thus, inhibit anti-cancer immune responses.