bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
As características da Leptospira spp.: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Melo Tuane Ferreira , Peconick Ana Paula
Published: November 2019

A leptospirose é uma doença zoonótica com distribuição mundial que acomete animais domésticos e silvestres e humanos. Devido às altas taxas de mortalidade e morbidade é importante conhecer as características da Leptospira spp. para estabelecer medidas para o controle e prevenção. A Leptospira spp. são bactérias gram-negativas com formato de espiroquetas e possuem espécies saprófitas e patogênicas. As espécies patogênicas mais frequentemente associadas a casos graves humanos no Brasil são a Leptospira Icterohaemorrhagiae e a Leptospira Copenhagueni. A compreensão da interação das leptospiras com o meio ambiente e com seus hospedeiros, desencadeando a doença permite estabelecer um tratamento eficaz dos animais e humanos acometidos e também atuar rapidamente no controle e prevenção da leptospirose.
A influência da avaliação baseada em desempenho no sistema de valorização do mérito: uma proposta para as escolas militares de formação e aperfeiçoamento
Authors: Pereira Marcus Vinícius Gomes , Moreira Alessandro Messias , Silva Sheldon William
Published: November 2019

Este trabalho demonstra a necessidade de realizar uma avaliação padronizada, baseada no desempenho do aluno para possibilitar a seleção de militares de diferentes turmas de formação e aperfeiçoamento. O propósito deste estudo é encontrar uma fórmula baseada na média e no desvio padrão, capaz de padronizar as notas dos alunos e possibilitar a comparação entre turmas diferentes. Este intento será alcançado mediante pesquisa bibliográfica do assunto, comparativo com outras instituições que já utilizam a nota padronizada, além da pesquisa do desvio padrão e da média entre turmas de aperfeiçoamento da Escola de Aperfeiçoamento de Oficiais. Foi possível evidenciar que a nota padronizada, atualmente, é a forma mais coerente de comparação de turmas e provas diferentes, contribuindo para uma análise de desempenho mais confiável e baseada no desempenho. Observou-se distorções nas notas e médias das turmas da Escola de Aperfeiçoamento de Oficiais próximas, nas quais os militares concorrem aos processos seletivos com notas não padronizadas, demonstrando uma discrepância do sistema atual que utiliza a nota bruta. Tal fato possibilitou a concepção de uma fórmula capaz de padronizar as notas e evitar as distorções nos processos seletivos.
Consumo de tabaco y práctica de actividad física en una población melillense
Authors: San Román-Mata S. , Fernández-Revelles A. , Valdivia-del Moral P. , Martínez-Martínez A. , Castro-Sánchez M.
Published: November 2019

Introducción: El consumo de tabaco es considerado factor de riesgo ante el desarrollo de múltiples patologías a nivel pulmonar y cardio-vascular, entre otras. En este sentido, la práctica de actividad física es considerada un factor de protección. Objetivo: Describir las variables socio-demográficas y de calidad de vida en cuanto al consumo de tabaco y la práctica de actividad física en una población Melillense. Material y Método: Trabajo de investigación con diseño cuantitativo, de carácter descriptivo y corte transversal de una muestra de residentes en Melilla, acerca del consumo de tabaco y la práctica de actividad física. Resultados: Más de tres cuartas partes de los participantes manifestaron no fumar tabaco y tres de cada diez sujetos no realizaba ningún tipo de actividad física. Conclusiones: Hay que seguir trabajando por afianzar conductas saludables en la población, en relación al consumo de sustancias nocivas y la práctica de actividad física.

Introduction: Tobacco use is considered a risk factor in the development of multiple pathologies at the pulmonary and cardio-vascular levels, among others. In this sense, the practice of physical activity is considered a factor of protection. Objective: To describe the socio-demographic variables and quality of life in terms of tobacco use and the practice of physical activity in a Melillense population.

Material and Method: Research work with quantitative design, descriptive and cross section of a sample of residents in Melilla, about tobacco use and the practice of physical activity. Results: More than three-quarters of the participants said no smoking and three out of ten subjects did not perform any physical activity. Conclusions: We must continue working to strengthen healthy behaviors in the population, in relation to the consumption of harmful substances and the practice of physical activity.
Using structural equation model to estimate nitrate pollution in the Melen Watershed of the Turkey
Authors: Ernur Akıner Muhammed
Published: November 2019

In this study, Bayesian technique was applied in order toestimate export coefficients for the Melen Watershed.Furthermore, instead of calculating the contributions ofsubwatersheds individually, the whole watershed was consideredfor the estimation of the total load at the outlet of the MelenWatershed using the calculated nitrate export coefficient. TheBayesian approach has the goal of combining prior knowledgewith data to optimally use both sources of information. Success ofthe Bayesian approach is directly proportional to sufficiency ofdata for acquiring the prior information about estimands.Bayesian analysis was conducted through Structural EquationModel (SEM) using AMOS software and posterior informationabout land use based export coefficients was obtained throughMarkov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method. Estimated land usebased nitrate export coefficients are in kg/km2/day unit. Inaddition, monthly river retention value of nitrogen in allsubwatersheds of the Melen Watershed were estimated. Thisinformation was used in order to predict nitrate exportcoefficients appropriately. This study is aimed to be an importantprecedent for other basins that are determined as in priority interms of pollution by The Ministry of Forest and Water Works ofTurkey.
Laser scattering, optical constants and connection to other material performances (Kerr constant, mobility/diffusion coefficient/electrophoresis and depolarization)
Authors: Sreckovic Milesa , Tistchenko An Marie , Jevtic Sanja , Kaludjerovic Branka , Pelemis Svetlana , Zarubica Katarina , Zarubica Veljko
Published: November 2019

Scattering of optical photons from the view of parallel methods related to absorption, scattering, fluorescence, reflection with inclusion of the polarization states of laser beams from experiment and theory give many possibilities for obtaining indirect data on material, processes, and dynamics. As a method with minimal perturbations, if low power beams are involved, certain type of data is provided. In fundamental dependences of various material properties, many phenomenological and basic laws are covered. Several coupled variables, primarily with the processes of scattering, pointing out further possibilities for linking the obtained theoretical or experimental results were presented. By including simulations, this associates with biological environments / variables for properties equivalent to defined tissues, cells, and characteristics. Along with selected formalisms including Stokes vectors and scattering matrices, a biological cell as an object can be monitored in time and influence of various environments could be predicted. Connecting Kerr’s effect with depolarization and scattering makes the complete description of molecule possible. Angular scattering observation with experimental possibilities gives the fastest practical data. This enables interpretation of E. coli with the application of Stokes vector formalisms. A relatively small number of material constants for many simulation cases could give draft estimation, but the experiment depends on the measuring devices and samples. The necessary symmetries showing the size of the scattering centers are analyzed, with the scattering data for some liquids (known / less known). From measured data, depolarization could be calculated, and with refractive index (molar refraction) connection with Kerr effect/ birefringence for selected solutions and behavior of molecules could be monitored. From the experimental Rayleigh factors, cross section (apparent/ effective) and attenuation coefficients for pure liquids were calculated. An approach for the correct assessment of the measurement uncertainty in the process of calibration of polyethylene samples was used.
Auto-regulation of Rab5 GEF activity in Rabex5 by allosteric structural changes, catalytic core dynamics and ubiquitin binding
Authors: Lauer Janelle , Segeletz Sandra , Cezanne Alice , Guaitoli Giambattista , Raimondi Francesco , Gentzel Marc , Alva Vikram , Habeck Michael , Kalaidzidis Yannis , Ueffing Marius , Lupas Andrei N , Gloeckner Christian Johannes , Zerial Marino
Published: November 2019

Intracellular trafficking depends on the function of Rab GTPases, whose activation is regulated by guanine exchange factors (GEFs). The Rab5 GEF, Rabex5, was previously proposed to be auto-inhibited by its C-terminus. Here, we studied full-length Rabex5 and Rabaptin5 proteins as well as domain deletion Rabex5 mutants using hydrogen deuterium exchange mass spectrometry. We generated a structural model of Rabex5, using chemical cross-linking mass spectrometry and integrative modeling techniques. By correlating structural changes with nucleotide exchange activity for each construct, we uncovered new auto-regulatory roles for the ubiquitin binding domains and the Linker connecting those domains to the catalytic core of Rabex5. We further provide evidence that enhanced dynamics in the catalytic core are linked to catalysis. Our results suggest a more complex auto-regulation mechanism than previously thought and imply that ubiquitin binding serves not only to position Rabex5 but to also control its Rab5 GEF activity through allosteric structural alterations.
The effects of psychosocial stress on dopaminergic function and the acute stress response
Authors: Bloomfield Michael AP , McCutcheon Robert A , Kempton Matthew , Freeman Tom P , Howes Oliver
Published: November 2019

Chronic psychosocial adversity induces vulnerability to mental illnesses. Animal studies demonstrate that this may be mediated by dopaminergic dysfunction. We therefore investigated whether long-term exposure to psychosocial adversity was associated with dopamine dysfunction and its relationship to psychological and physiological responses to acute stress. Using 3,4-dihydroxy-6-[18F]-fluoro-l-phenylalanine ([18F]-DOPA) positron emission tomography (PET), we compared dopamine synthesis capacity in n = 17 human participants with high cumulative exposure to psychosocial adversity with n = 17 age- and sex-matched participants with low cumulative exposure. The PET scan took place 2 hr after the induction of acute psychosocial stress using the Montréal Imaging Stress Task to induce acute psychosocial stress. We found that dopamine synthesis correlated with subjective threat and physiological response to acute psychosocial stress in the low exposure group. Long-term exposure to psychosocial adversity was associated with dampened striatal dopaminergic function (p=0.03, d = 0.80) and that psychosocial adversity blunted physiological yet potentiated subjective responses to acute psychosocial stress. Future studies should investigate the roles of these changes in vulnerability to mental illnesses.
Atypical memory B-cells are associated with Plasmodium falciparum anemia through anti-phosphatidylserine antibodies
Authors: Rivera-Correa Juan , Mackroth Maria Sophia , Jacobs Thomas , Schulze zur Wiesch Julian , Rolling Thierry , Rodriguez Ana
Published: November 2019

Anemia is a common complication of malaria that is characterized by the loss of infected and uninfected erythrocytes. In mouse malaria models, clearance of uninfected erythrocytes is promoted by autoimmune anti-phosphatidylserine (PS) antibodies produced by T-bet+B-cells, which bind to exposed PS in erythrocytes, but the mechanism in patients is still unclear. In Plasmodium falciparum patients with anemia, we show that atypical memory FcRL5+T-bet+ B-cells are expanded and associate both with higher levels of anti-PS antibodies in plasma and with the development of anemia in these patients. No association of anti-PS antibodies or anemia with other B-cell subsets and no association of other antibody specificities with FcRL5+T-bet+ B-cells is observed, revealing high specificity in this response. We also identify FcRL5+T-bet+ B-cells as producers of anti-PS antibodies in ex vivo cultures of naïve human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated with P.-falciparum-infected erythrocyte lysates. These data define a crucial role for atypical memory B-cells and anti-PS autoantibodies in human malarial anemia.
Calretinin positive neurons form an excitatory amplifier network in the spinal cord dorsal horn
Authors: Smith Kelly M , Browne Tyler J , Davis Olivia C , Coyle A , Boyle Kieran A , Watanabe Masahiko , Dickinson Sally A , Iredale Jacqueline A , Gradwell Mark A , Jobling Phillip , Callister Robert J , Dayas Christopher V , Hughes David I , Graham Brett A
Published: November 2019

Nociceptive information is relayed through the spinal cord dorsal horn, a critical area in sensory processing. The neuronal circuits in this region that underpin sensory perception must be clarified to better understand how dysfunction can lead to pathological pain. This study used an optogenetic approach to selectively activate spinal interneurons that express the calcium-binding protein calretinin (CR). We show that these interneurons form an interconnected network that can initiate and sustain enhanced excitatory signaling, and directly relay signals to lamina I projection neurons. Photoactivation of CR interneurons in vivo resulted in a significant nocifensive behavior that was morphine sensitive, caused a conditioned place aversion, and was enhanced by spared nerve injury. Furthermore, halorhodopsin-mediated inhibition of these interneurons elevated sensory thresholds. Our results suggest that dorsal horn circuits that involve excitatory CR neurons are important for the generation and amplification of pain and identify these interneurons as a future analgesic target.
Exploring structural dynamics of a membrane protein by combining bioorthogonal chemistry and cysteine mutagenesis
Authors: Gupta Kanchan , Toombes Gilman ES , Swartz Kenton J
Published: November 2019

The functional mechanisms of membrane proteins are extensively investigated with cysteine mutagenesis. To complement cysteine-based approaches, we engineered a membrane protein with thiol-independent crosslinkable groups using azidohomoalanine (AHA), a non-canonical methionine analogue containing an azide group that can selectively react with cycloalkynes through a strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) reaction. We demonstrate that AHA can be readily incorporated into the Shaker Kv channel in place of methionine residues and modified with azide-reactive alkyne probes in Xenopus oocytes. Using voltage-clamp fluorometry, we show that AHA incorporation permits site-specific fluorescent labeling to track voltage-dependent conformational changes similar to cysteine-based methods. By combining AHA incorporation and cysteine mutagenesis in an orthogonal manner, we were able to site-specifically label the Shaker Kv channel with two different fluorophores simultaneously. Our results identify a facile and straightforward approach for chemical modification of membrane proteins with bioorthogonal chemistry to explore their structure-function relationships in live cells.
From everyday practice to structural injustice
Authors: Fjørtoft Kjersti
Published: November 2019

The “#metoo movement” has led to an increased awareness of the kind of structural injustice that makes it hard to identify, and get rid of, sexual harassment and gender discrimination. Worker representatives, union coordinators and politicians have stated that they will pay more attention to how structural patterns of interpretation, symbols, stereotypes, and norms, are contributing to silencing the voices of the victims. My paper is not about #metoo movement or sexual harassment per se, but about the kinds of injustice embedded in ways of communicating and in how we assess each other’s’ statements and behavior. The first part of my paper discusses how epistemic injustice, implicit bias and micro injustice operates within our everyday social practices. The aim is to show how these forms of injustice are contributing to support collective frames of interpretation that need to change in order to realize gender equality. In the second part of the paper, I argue that the best solution to avoid the negative effects of implicit bias, micro inequality and epistemic injustice, is to make institutions responsible Social, political and legal institutions should be organized in a way that reduces negative effects of structural injustice. Inspired by Elisabeth Andersson’s critique of Miranda Frickers concept of epistemic virtue, I discuss three reasons why this should be a case for institutions. First, all people tend to assess other people according to implicit biases. It is not a question of people’s bad character, but a question of cultural narratives. Second, structural injustice is often rooted in small micro inequalities that are not in themselves unjust. The injustice occurs when these small actions aggregate into structural patterns of inequality. Third, institutional justice aims at creating just background conditions for individual actions.
Levekårsforskning + skeiv teori = sant?
Authors: Stubberud Elisabeth , Eggebø Helga , Anderssen Norman
Published: November 2019

Vi tar utgangspunkt i forskningsrapporten Skeive livsløp. En kvalitativ studie av levekår og sammensatte identiteter blant lhbtis-personer i Norge, for å utforske spennet mellom skeiv teori og levekårsforskning, og bretter ut vårt eget forsøk på å forene disse to. Rapporten er skrevet på oppdrag fra Bufdir og er en kvalitativ forstudie for en ny, landsdekkende kvantitativ levekårsstudie blant lhbtis-personer. I denne presentasjonen vil vi diskutere hvordan vi valgte å operasjonalisere begrepet «livsfaser» i skeive liv.

Begrepet ‘livsfaser’ kan ha ulike betydninger. Faser indikerer tid og rekkefølge. Én form for faser gjelder en kronologi i livet hvor en persons alder er bestemmende for hvilke erfaringer og opplevelser man forventes å ha. Her er det vanlig å tenke på livsfaser som barndom, ungdom, voksenperiode og alderdom, altså med utgangspunkt i kronologisk alder og reproduksjonssykluser. Queerteoretikeren Elizabeth Freeman (2010) har kalt dette krononormativitet, hvor man forstår livsfaser i henhold til én bestemt forståelse av tid. Krononormativitet beskriver en heteronormativ forståelse av livsløp, der reproduksjon strukturerer tidsfasene ved å markere overgangen til reproduktiv alder (ungdomstid), reproduksjonsfasen (voksen), alderdom (overgangen til ikke-reproduktiv alder).

Med utgangspunkt i 99 intervjuer med skeive, mener vi å se at skeive liv kan kreve andre inndelinger av viktige livsfaser. Vi har i rapporten delt inn livsfaser etter viktige hendelser i skeive liv slik de er fortalt oss, som markerer et skifte fra en fase til en annen. I stedet for å ta utgangspunkt i reproduktive livsfaser, tar vi med oss noen av innsiktene fra skeiv teori (Freeman 2010; Halberstam 2005), samt ulike viktige erfaringer og hendelser som går igjen på tvers av deltagernes fortellinger. Det er med andre ord noe kvalitativt annet – eller i tillegg – som markerer viktige faser eller endringer i mange skeive personers liv, som ikke nødvendigvis lar seg organisere enkelt i aldersbestemte livsfaser. I presentasjonen redegjør vi for hvordan vi har løst dette, og inviterer til diskusjon omkring denne løsningen.
«Jeg prøver å fremstå så mandig som jeg kan»
Authors: Klatran Henning Kaiser
Published: November 2019

Presentasjonen bygger på en nylig publisert artikkel i Tidsskrift for kjønnsforskning om trakassering, trusler og vold mot skeive. Artikkelen bygger på dybdeintervjuer med LHBTIQ-personer som har opplevd trakassering, trusler og vold de selv mener har sammenheng med deres seksuelle orientering og/eller kjønnsuttrykk. I analysen tar jeg utgangspunkt i Judith Butlers teori om performativitet og Didier Eribons arbeid om fornærmelse. Jeg foreslår at fornærmelse, og måten skeive bruker heteronormative kjønnsuttrykk for å unngå fornærmelser, kan forstås som subjektivering innenfor en heteronormativ, sosial orden. Flere av deltakerne i studien gir uttrykk for at homofobisk hatkriminalitet indirekte rammer alle skeive og peker på viktigheten av å anmelde slike hendelser. Fornærmelse kan dermed også forstås som et utgangspunkt for å yte motstand mot homofobi og heteronormativitet. Jeg argumenterer for at det strafferettslige begrepet hatkriminalitet både kan forstås som et resultat av, og grunnlag for, skeiv identitetspolitikk og medborgerskap.

Jeg ønsker også å presentere det empiriske og teoretiske utgangspunktet for artikkelen jeg for tiden jobber med, som bygger på samme studie. I denne artikkelen ønsker jeg å belyse hvorvidt trakassering, trusler og vold mot skeive kan forstås som et rasialisert fenomen, der homotoleranse uttrykker norskhet, mens homofobi knyttes til rasialiserte fremmede. Jeg foreslår at denne logikken bør ses i sammenheng med dominerende forståelser av kriminalitet innenfor den nye, globale utryggheten, som David Garland kaller «criminology of the other». I tillegg til Garland, er Jasbir Puar, Sarah Ahmed og Judith Butler sentrale teoretikere i analysen av dataene.
Fatores de risco à síndrome da apneia obstrutiva do sono no adulto
Authors: Maahs Marcia Angelica Peter , Maahs Thomas Peter , Maahs Gerson Schulz
Published: November 2019

Introdução: a síndrome da apneia obstrutiva do sono (SAOS) caracteriza-se por episódios recorrentes de obstrução parcial ou total da via aérea superior, normalmente acompanhada por roncos. É de etiologia multifatorial, e o diagnóstico leva em consideração os atores de risco e as comorbidades. Objetivo: estudar os fatores de risco da SAOS, devido às comorbidades e às consequências graves que podem estar relacionadas à patologia, visando a atuar em sua prevenção e tratamento. Revisão de literatura: os principais fatores
de risco encontrados foram: obesidade, circunferência cervical maior que 40 cm, IMC aumentado, histórico familiar, sexo masculino, meia-idade, Classe III e IV de Mallampati modificada e alterações nas vias aéreas superiores como desvio de septo nasal, palato ole rebaixado e posteriorizado e alterações craniofaciais. Metodologia: realizou-se uma revisão de literatura sobre os fatores de
risco da SAOS, utilizando-se as bases de dados Pubmed, Scielo e Medline e os descritores de busca de acordo com os DECs ou Mesh.Conclusão: o estudo dos fatores de risco associados à presença de SAOS demonstra a necessidade da abordagem interdisciplinar ssa patologia junto ao médico otorrinolaringologista, por ser ela multifatorial.
Treze anos de análises genéticas no Laboratório de Genética Médica do Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos
Authors: Carneiro Lucileide Gonçalves , Alves Esmeralda Santos , Carvalho Acácia Fernandes Lacerda de
Published: November 2019

RESUMO
Introdução: as anormalidades cromossômicas constituem uma das maiores categorias de doenças genéticas e são causa significativa de deficiência intelectual, déficit pôndero-estatural, malformações congênitas e dismorfismos faciais. Este trabalho é um estudo retrospectivo descritivo de análises cromossômicas realizadas no Laboratório de Genética Médica do Complexo Hospitalar Universitário Professor Edgard Santos (UFBA). Objetivos: identificar os motivos de encaminhamento e os resultados citogenéticos do público atendido entre 2005 e 2017. Casuística e Métodos: foram encaminhados 3.863 pacientes, com suspeita clínica de cromossomopatias. As análises genéticas foram realizadas a partir de cultura de linfócitos e bandamento GTG. Os dados dos pacientes foram obtidos através das fichas de encaminhamento e das análises cromossômicas. Resultados e Discussão: as principais indicações foram suspeita de Síndrome de Down (SD), baixa estatura e/ou hipogonadismo e dismorfismos. Foram obtidos resultados de 3.682 pacientes que mostraram cariótipo alterado em 860 casos. A SD foi a síndrome mais frequente diagnosticada, seguida da Síndrome de Turner. Embora, o estudo tenha demonstrado que cerca 23% dos pacientes estudados obtiveram conclusão etiológica, o restante dos pacientes continuou sem diagnóstico. A confirmação etiológica das anomalias congênitas é extremamente importante para o prognóstico do paciente, o que destaca a relevância desse serviço de genética para população de Salvador e região metropolitana havendo necessidade de investimentos contínuos nesse tipo de serviço.Conclusão: a análise do cariótipo é extremamente importante para pacientes que apresentam defeitos congênitos, no entanto a introdução de novas ferramentas como análise de microarranjos precisam ser introduzidas para detectar microalterações nesses pacientes.
Análise comparativa entre métodos de estimativa de estatura em pacientes de um complexo de terapia intensiva
Authors: Moraes Isidoro Bruna , Barth Wanis Figueiredo Katherinne , Lafaiette de Oliveira Eduardo
Published: November 2019

OBJETIVO: Verificar a assertividade de quatro fórmulas de estimativa de estatura quando comparadas a altura real de pacientes internados em um complexo de terapia intensiva. METODOLOGIA: Estudo prospectivo analítico. Por meio de coleta de dados e aferição de medidas em 66 pacientes. Para avaliar a acurácia das fórmulas, o teste t-student para amostras pareadas foi utilizado. RESULTADOS: As fórmulas que utilizam a altura do joelho como parâmetro mostraram alta correlação com a altura real. CONCLUSÃO: As estimativas são bons métodos para obter a estatura do paciente, quando não é possível aferir a mesma.
Idade materna associada a fatores perinatais registrado em prontuários de gestantes em atendimento pré-natal em um centro de saúde da família
Authors: Sousa Camila Galdino Sales , Sousa Gabriela Vieira de , Santos Junior Francisco Carlos de Oliveira , Ponte Ives Ribeiro , Cavalcante Maria Vitoria Evangelista Benevides , Carneiro José Klauber Roger , Oliveira Maria Auxiliadora Silva
Published: November 2019

Objetivos: o presente estudo teve por objetivo associar a idade materna aos fatores perinatais em parturientes de um hospital e maternidade da região norte do Ceará. Metodologia: trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo, descritivo, com análise documental. As variáveis analisadas foram aquelas que pudesse correlacionar os aspectos perinatais à idade da mãe: estado civil, tipo de parto,
número de consultas pré-natal, idade gestacional, índice de Apgar e peso do neonato. A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo comitê de ética local (1.878.614). Resultados: a idade máxima registrada foi de 41 anos e a idade mínima de 15 anos. Predominou a faixa entre 21-35 (71,87%). A escolaridade predominou ensino médio com 53,12%. Em relação ao estado civil, àquelas com companheiro prevaleceram com 65,62%. O parto do tipo cesário esteve mais presente com 46,87% das mulheres na faixa de 21-35 anos. Em relação ao número de consultas prevaleceu a faixa de 21ª 35 anos com 7 ou mais consultas (59,37%). Sobre a idade gestacional, de 37 a 41 semanas foi prevalente (51,56%). Quando observado variáveis neonatais percebeu-se que os melhores índices de Apgar e peso ao nascer foram mais presentes em mães na faixa de 21 a 35 anos (65,62% e 51,56%, respectivamente). Conclusão: os dados encontrados são pertinentes a outros na literatura e chama a atenção presença de gestantes em idades consideradas fora do recomendado.
Use of Promotional Language in Grant Applications and Grant Success
Authors: Qiu Huilian Sophie , Peng Hao , Fosse Henrik Barslund , Woodruff Teresa K. , Uzzi Brian
Published: December 2024

Importance

Scientific writing is critical for successfully showing the merits of innovative ideas to funding agencies, colleagues, and practitioners, and it has evolved over time, particularly in the increased use of promotional words.

Objectives

To evaluate whether promotional language in biomedical grant writing is associated with receipt of funding and to assess who uses promotional language in their grant applications, after accounting for principal investigators (PIs), grants, and other confounders.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study uses previously collected data on 2439 funded and rejected National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant applications from 2007 to 2019 and 9096 funded and rejected Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF) biomedical grant applications from 2015 to 2022, bibliographic data on the publications of each PI from OpenAlex, and fixed-effects regression analysis.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Promotional language was measured using a validated dictionary of 139 science-specific terms. Grant application success was modeled as a binary outcome and was based on the percentage of promotional words, controlling for variables including characteristics of grants and PIs. The level of promotional words was modeled on the PI’s grant-related characteristics.

Results

Of the 11 535 grants included in this study, the percentage of promotional words was positively associated with the probability of receiving funding (NNF grants: odds ratio, 1.47 [95% CI, 1.25-1.71]; NIH grants: odds ratio, 1.51 [95% CI, 1.10-2.11]). Younger PIs used more promotional language than the oldest PIs (1.2% vs 0.8%), men generally used more promotional language than women (1.0% vs 0.9%), and those requesting the highest funding amounts used more promotional language than those requesting the lowest funding amounts (1.1% vs 0.9%).

Conclusions and Relevance

This study found that the percentage of promotional language used in medical science grants was positively associated with receiving funding after accounting for PI, grant, and year confounds and that younger PIs, men PIs, and PIs requesting higher amounts of funding generally used more promotional language in their grants. These can patterns inform research strategies for communicating the merits of good ideas to funding agencies and other researchers.
Buprenorphine Injection Among Rural Persons Who Inject Drugs
Authors: Zinsli Kaitlin A. , Bhatraju Elenore P. , Feinberg Judith , Stopka Thomas J. , Friedmann Peter D. , Zule William , Cooper Hannah L. F. , Young April M. , Korthuis P. Todd , Pho Mai T. , Jenkins Wiley D. , Miller William C. , Go Vivian F. , Seal David W. , Westergaard Ryan P. , Fredericksen Rob J. , Delaney Joseph A. , Tsui Judith I.
Published: December 2024

This cross-sectional study investigates buprenorphine injection, including factors associated with this use, among rural individuals who inject drugs.
Oxidation Behavior of Mechanically Alloyed High‐Entropy Alloys: A Review
Authors: Dikonda Swathi Mallika , Anupam Ameey , Vaidya Mayur
Published: December 2024

High‐entropy alloys (HEAs) owing to their entropy maximized design exhibit simple solid solution structures and possess fascinating properties. In addition to mechanical properties, the oxidation resistance is an important property that is crucial for determining the suitability of high‐temperature operation of the structural members. Among processing routes, mechanical alloying is one of the most widely used techniques primarily due to the generation of nanocrystalline grains and alloying elements with wide melting point differences. Mechanically alloyed HEAs differ from cast alloys in several aspects, including the phases developed, microstructure, oxidation products, and mass gain kinetics. This difference is largely attributed to the presence of numerous grain boundaries in mechanically alloyed HEAs, which serve as significant diffusion paths. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of oxidation studies performed in several mechanically alloyed HEAs, detailing their microstructure, oxidation products, and kinetics. It also compares the oxidation behavior of few of these systems with their cast counterparts. The oxidation behavior is further analyzed from both thermodynamic and kinetic perspectives. Finally, the article suggests several future research directions that can further the understanding of oxidation behavior of mechanically alloyed HEAs and contribute to their development.
Which Flavor of 9,10‐Bis(phenylethynyl)Anthracene is Best for Perovskite‐Sensitized Triplet–Triplet Annihilation?
Authors: Sullivan Colette M. , Szucs Adrienn M. , Cantrell Andrew P. , Shulenberger Katherine E. , Siegrist Theo , Nienhaus Lea
Published: December 2024

The lack of viable solid‐state annihilators is one of the greatest hurdles in perovskite‐sensitized triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion (UC). Unfavorable singlet and triplet energy surfaces in the solid state have limited the successful implementation of many conventional solution‐based annihilators. To date, rubrene is still the best‐performing annihilator; however, this comes at the cost of a limited apparent anti‐Stokes shift. To this point, anthracene derivatives are promising candidates to increase the apparent anti‐Stokes shift. The well‐known green glowstick dye 9,10‐(bisphenylethynyl)anthracene (BPEA) and its chlorinated derivatives have already shown promise in solution‐based UC applications. Due to favorable band alignment of the perovskite and triplet energy levels of BPEA, it is conceivable that a wide variety of BPEA derivatives can be compatible with the perovskite‐based UC system. Here, the properties of the parent molecule BPEA and its derivatives 1‐chloro‐9,10‐(bisphenylethynyl)anthracene and 2‐chloro‐9,10‐(bisphenylethynyl)anthracene are investigated. Despite similar optical properties in solution, the different molecules exhibit vastly different properties in thin films. UC studies in lead halide perovskite/BPEA bilayer devices demonstrate the importance of intermolecular coupling on the resulting properties of the upconverted emission.
Deciphering the Impact of Aromatic Linkers in Self‐Assembled Monolayers on the Performance of Monolithic Perovskite/Si Tandem Photovoltaic
Authors: Li Chi , Chen Yong , Li Yuheng , Gong Lijie , Yuan Zhen , Liang Lusheng , Chen Jinglin , Ganesan Paramaguru , Zhang Yixian , Ma Jing , Gao Peng
Published: December 2024

Aromatic linker‐constructed self‐assembled monolayers (Ar‐SAMs) with enlarged dipole moment can modulate the work function of indium tin oxide (ITO), thereby improving hole extraction/transport efficiency. However, the specific role of the aromatic linkers between the polycyclic head and the anchoring groups of SAMs in determining the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) remains unclear. In this study, we developed a series of phenothiazine‐based Ar‐SAMs to investigate how different aromatic linkers could affect molecular stacking, the regulation of substrate work function, and charge carrier dynamics. When served as hole‐selective layers (HSLs) in PSCs and monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells (P/S‐TSCs), we found that the Ar‐SAM with naphthalene linker along the 2,6‐position axis (β‐Nap) could form dense and highly ordered HSLs, enhancing interfacial interactions and favoring optimal energy level alignment with the perovskite films. Using this strategy, the optimized wide‐band gap PSCs achieved an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.86 % with negligible hysteresis, utilizing a 1.68 eV perovskite. Additionally, the encapsulated devices demonstrated enhanced stability under damp‐heat conditions (ISOS‐D‐2, 50 % RH, 65 °C) with a T91 of 1000 hours. Notably, the fabricated P/S‐TSCs, based on solution‐processed micron‐scale textured silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells, achieved an efficiency of 28.89 % while maintaining outstanding reproducibility. This strategy holds significant promise for developing aromatic linking groups to enhance the hole selectivity of SAMs.
Near‐Infrared Light‐Induced Spin‐State Switching Based on Fe(II)−Hg(II) Spin‐Crossover Network
Authors: Li Guanping , Stefanczyk Olaf , Kumar Kunal , Guérin Laurent , Okuzono Kosei , Tran Kevin , Seydi Kilic Maximilian , Nakabayashi Koji , Imoto Kenta , Namai Asuka , Nakamura Yuiga , Ranjan Maity Sumit , Renz Franz , Chastanet Guillaume , Ohkoshi Shin‐ichi
Published: December 2024

The development of molecular switches with tunable properties has garnered considerable interest over several decades. A novel spin‐crossover (SCO) material based on iron(II) complexes incorporating 4‐acetylpyridine (4‐acpy) and [Hg(SCN)4]2− anions was synthesized and formulated as [Fe(4‐acpy)2][Hg(μ‐SCN)4] (1). Compound 1 is crystallized in a three‐dimensional network in the non‐centrosymmetric orthorhombic space group Pna21 with two octahedral [Fe(4‐acpy)2(NCS)4] entities featuring two distinct Fe centers (Fe1 and Fe2). Crystallographic, magnetic, and Mössbauer measurements reveal an incomplete SCO exclusively at Fe2, with transition temperature T1/2≈102 K. Photomagnetic studies conducted at 10 K with lasers ranging from 405 to 1310 nm evidence light‐induced excited spin‐state trapping (LIESST) and reverse‐LIESST effects, with a unique near‐infrared‐responsive LIESST phenomenon at 1064 and 1310 nm. Advanced photocrystallographic studies at 40 K provide precise structural evidence for these metastable states. The optical and vibrational properties consistently corroborate with magnetic and photomagnetic studies. Additionally, temperature‐ and light‐dependent terahertz (THz) absorptions are associated with phonon vibrations around Fe2 centers, through SCO behavior, as supported by ab initio calculation. The Fe(II)−Hg(II) systems can be promising benchmarks for exploring synergistic switching effects in structural, magnetic, and spectroscopic properties.
Rapid Screening of Secondary Plant Metabolites using Two‐Dimensional Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Sams Thomas C. , Ying Sam E. , Edwards Myles Q. , Dziekonski Eric T. , Cooks R. Graham
Published: December 2024

The full 2D tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) data domain provides a rapid survey of the chemical components of complex plant extracts without subjecting them to prior chromatographic separation. Nano electrospray ionization (nESI), desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) and paper spray ionization are used to create an ion mixture representative of the chemical constituents of a plant extract, then mass‐selective collision‐induced dissociation (CID) is used to automatically record fragments from each precursor ion in the mixture. Signal extraction from the 2D data domain yields matching spectra to conventional product and precursor ion scans and displays distributions of compounds bearing a chosen functionality. These features and other manipulations of the 2D MS/MS data are demonstrated using crude extracts of Artemisia annua (Sweet wormwood). Similarities and differences in the secondary metabolites of plant species are established rapidly by inspection of the 2D MS/MS plots. The methodology is characterized by the high speed of data acquisition while the limited mass resolution still allows high speed snapshots of chemistry.
Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Gallbladder: Case Report
Authors: Dashti Sahar , Garousi Maryam , Mirzaee Elahe , Abdi Navid , Sanei Mastaneh
Published: December 2024

Pure gallbladder squamous cell carcinoma is rare. Adenocarcinoma is the foremost malignant pathology of gallbladder cancer. Simultaneously, squamous cell carcinoma accounts for only 1% of malignant gallbladder tumors. They are often advanced at diagnosis and associated with a poor prognosis. The patient was a 37‐year‐old man diagnosed with poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the gallbladder. Cholecystectomy, right hemicolectomy, hepatic wedge resection, and regional lymph node dissection were performed, and then he received six courses of adjuvant chemotherapy with the FOLFOX regimen. After 2 months, liver metastasis was diagnosed, and a chemotherapy regimen consisting of gemcitabine, cisplatin, and pembrolizumab was started. After three courses, stable disease was seen. Surgery is the main treatment. There is no consensus about the best adjuvant treatment. The results obtained from this patient might help elucidate the role of adjuvant therapies in treating this rare case report.
A Multidisciplinary Approach to Hypermobility Spectrum Disorder, Raynaud's Phenomenon, and Biomechanical Soft Tissue Injuries in an Adolescent Boy: A Case Report
Authors: Zwiegelaar Su‐ané , Abraham Deepthi R. , Roman Olivia , Welman Karen E.
Published: December 2024

A 16‐year‐old male with hypermobility spectrum disorder (HSD) and Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) was referred to a clinical exercise physiologist (CEP) by their pediatric rheumatologist. The patient presented with arthralgia in the left knee and shoulder. Specifically, the left knee presented discomfort during activities of daily living (ADL), and the left shoulder had a reduced range of motion resulting from pain. Finally, complaints of painful fingers were also significant due to increased RP flare‐ups during winter. A posture analysis was conducted, indicating relatively poor posture. Range of motion and manual muscle testing were suboptimal in the shoulders, but optimal in the knees and hips. The Kendal test, patella compression test, and Clarke's sign were conducted due to knee pain. Functional tests included a pelvic bridge, squat, Neer's test, and wall push‐up. Finally, the modified pediatric clinical test of sensory interaction in balance (mPCTSIB) was completed to determine the interaction between balance systems. Analysis of all the tests conducted above confirmed the diagnosis of HSD and also indicated scapula dyskinesia, supraspinatus impingement, and patellofemoral pain syndrome. Consequently, the CEP treatment focused on strengthening the foot, knee, and hip kinetic chain, as a 12‐week home program, along with hand exercises as needed to aid in the pain and stiffness experienced during RP flare‐ups. The physiotherapist treatment was more hands on in the use of myofascial release, electrotherapy, taping, and posture correction of the neck and shoulder over four in‐house visits. Finally, a 6‐month follow‐up was conducted by the CEP, in which the patient showed improvement with a pain‐free range of motion and the ability to optimally conduct ADLs.
Borderline Lepromatous Leprosy With Type 1 Reaction: A Challenging Diagnostic Case
Authors: Saray Polanco Llanes Alondra , Dalit Zajdman Faitelson , Itzel Figueroa Basurto Carla , Montserrat Rodríguez Escamilla Irene , Elisa Vega Memije María , Roberto Arenas Guzmán
Published: December 2024

Borderline lepromatous leprosy with Type 1 reaction poses significant diagnostic challenges due to overlapping clinical features. Early recognition and differentiation are crucial, especially in endemic regions like Mexico, to ensure prompt, appropriate management and prevent complications. Accurate diagnosis requires a multidisciplinary approach integrating clinical, histopathological, and microbiological data.
Simultaneous Presentation of Gastric and Orbital Mucosa‐Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma: A Case Report
Authors: Mirzaee Elahe , Garousi Maryam , Jafari Shima , Soltani Sepideh , Rakhshani Nasser , Abdi Navid , Fadavi Pedram
Published: December 2024

Mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma or MALToma occurs in 8% of B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma according to the latest WHO classification. The most involved site of MALToma is stomach. We describe a rare case of concurrent gastric and orbital mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALToma) of a female who presented with progressive proptosis and abdominal pain. We performed six courses of chemotherapy (Rituximab) and gastric and orbital radiation with a dose of 34 Gy/20 Fr and 30 Gy/20 Fr, respectively. This case underscores the efficacy of a multimodal treatment strategy in achieving successful outcomes.
Degradation of rhodamine dye using a modified flow photocatalytic reactor in the presence of external oxidants
Authors: Bagal Manisha , Mane Vijay , Ambulkar Harshal , Gawande Bhumika , Naniwadekar Makarand Y. , Bawankar Kanchan N. , Dange Parmanand N. , Mohod Ashish V. , Gogate Parag R.
Published: December 2024

The current work addresses the challenge of effectively degrading Rhodamine B dye, a common environmental pollutant using a modified zig‐zag flow type photocatalytic reactor with the main objective of process intensification. A detailed study into the effect of initial dye concentration and operating solution pH on the degradation of Rhodamine B elucidated that the Rh B dye degradation was higher at a lower solution pH (pH 2) and at an optimum initial (20 ppm) dye concentration. Among different photocatalysts studied including TiO2, ZnO, and CaO, maximum degradation was seen for the TiO2 with 83.3% at optimum loading of TiO2 (1 g/L). Lower degradations of 76.2% at 1.5 g/L of ZnO and 65.9% at 1.5 g/L of CaO were seen for other photocatalysts. Additionally, the introduction of oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide and Fenton reagent further intensified dye degradation, with the combined UV/Fenton process achieving maximum degradation of 94.8% and the highest COD removal of 68.4%. Overall, it is recommended to utilize zig‐zag flow design photocatalytic reactor with combined Fenton's reagent for optimal dye degradation.
Artificial intelligence–based rapid brain volumetry substantially improves differential diagnosis in dementia
Authors: Rudolph Jan , Rueckel Johannes , Döpfert Jörg , Ling Wen Xin , Opalka Jens , Brem Christian , Hesse Nina , Ingenerf Maria , Koliogiannis Vanessa , Solyanik Olga , Hoppe Boj F. , Zimmermann Hanna , Flatz Wilhelm , Forbrig Robert , Patzig Maximilian , Rauchmann Boris‐Stephan , Perneczky Robert , Peters Oliver , Priller Josef , Schneider Anja , Fliessbach Klaus , Hermann Andreas , Wiltfang Jens , Jessen Frank , Düzel Emrah , Buerger Katharina , Teipel Stefan , Laske Christoph , Synofzik Matthis , Spottke Annika , Ewers Michael , Dechent Peter , Haynes John‐Dylan , Levin Johannes , Liebig Thomas , Ricke Jens , Ingrisch Michael , Stoecklein Sophia
Published: December 2024

Introduction

This study evaluates the clinical value of a deep learning–based artificial intelligence (AI) system that performs rapid brain volumetry with automatic lobe segmentation and age‐ and sex‐adjusted percentile comparisons.

Methods

Fifty‐five patients—17 with Alzheimer's disease (AD), 18 with frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and 20 healthy controls—underwent cranial magnetic resonance imaging scans. Two board‐certified neuroradiologists (BCNR), two board‐certified radiologists (BCR), and three radiology residents (RR) assessed the scans twice: first without AI support and then with AI assistance.

Results

AI significantly improved diagnostic accuracy for AD (area under the curve −AI: 0.800, +AI: 0.926, p < 0.05), with increased correct diagnoses (p < 0.01) and reduced errors (p < 0.03). BCR and RR showed notable performance gains (BCR: p < 0.04; RR: p < 0.02). For the diagnosis FTD, overall consensus (p < 0.01), BCNR (p < 0.02), and BCR (p < 0.05) recorded significantly more correct diagnoses.

Discussion

AI‐assisted volumetry improves diagnostic performance in differentiating AD and FTD, benefiting all reader groups, including BCNR.

Highlights

Artificial intelligence (AI)‐supported brain volumetry significantly improved the diagnostic accuracy for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), with notable performance gains across radiologists of varying expertise levels.

The presented AI tool is readily clinically available and reduces brain volumetry processing time from 12 to 24 hours to under 5 minutes, with full integration into picture archiving and communication systems, streamlining the workflow and facilitating real‐time clinical decision making.

AI‐supported rapid brain volumetry has the potential to improve early diagnosis and to improve patient management.