bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analyzing spatio-temporal dynamics of dissolved oxygen for the River Thames using superstatistical methods and machine learning
Authors: He Hankun , Boehringer Takuya , Schäfer Benjamin , Heppell Kate , Beck Christian
Published: September 2024

By employing superstatistical methods and machine learning, we analyze time series data of water quality indicators for the River Thames (UK). The indicators analyzed include dissolved oxygen, temperature, electrical conductivity, pH, ammonium, turbidity, and rainfall, with a specific focus on the dynamics of dissolved oxygen. After detrending, the probability density functions of dissolved oxygen fluctuations exhibit heavy tails that are effectively modeled using q-Gaussian distributions. Our findings indicate that the multiplicative Empirical Mode Decomposition method stands out as the most effective detrending technique, yielding the highest log-likelihood in nearly all fittings. We also observe that the optimally fitted width parameter of the q-Gaussian shows a negative correlation with the distance to the sea, highlighting the influence of geographical factors on water quality dynamics. In the context of same-time prediction of dissolved oxygen, regression analysis incorporating various water quality indicators and temporal features identify the Light Gradient Boosting Machine as the best model. SHapley Additive exPlanations reveal that temperature, pH, and time of year play crucial roles in the predictions. Furthermore, we use the Transformer, a state-of-the-art machine learning model, to forecast dissolved oxygen concentrations. For long-term forecasting, the Informer model consistently delivers superior performance, achieving the lowest Mean Absolute Error (0.15) and Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error (21.96%) with the 192 historical time steps that we used. This performance is attributed to the Informer’s ProbSparse self-attention mechanism, which allows it to capture long-range dependencies in time-series data more effectively than other machine learning models. It effectively recognizes the half-life cycle of dissolved oxygen, with particular attention to critical periods such as morning to early afternoon, late evening to early morning, and key intervals between the 16th and 26th quarter-hours of the previous half-day. Our findings provide valuable insights for policymakers involved in ecological health assessments, aiding in accurate predictions of river water quality and the maintenance of healthy aquatic ecosystems.
Stable and sustainable perovskite solar modules by optimizing blade coating nickel oxide deposition over 15 × 15 cm2 area
Authors: Jafarzadeh Farshad , Castriotta Luigi Angelo , Calabrò Emanuele , Spinelli Pierpaolo , Generosi Amanda , Paci Barbara , Becerril Rodriguez David , Luce Marco , Cricenti Antonio , Di Giacomo Francesco , Matteocci Fabio , Brunetti Francesca , Di Carlo Aldo
Published: September 2024

Perovskite solar cells have rapidly advanced, achieving over 26% power conversion efficiency on the laboratory scale. However, transitioning to large-scale production remains a challenge due to limitations in conventional fabrication methods like spin coating. Here, we introduce an optimized blade coating process for the scalable fabrication of large-area (15 cm × 15 cm) perovskite solar modules with a nickel oxide hole transport layer, performed in ambient air and utilizing a non-toxic solvent system. Self-assembled monolayers between the nickel oxide and perovskite layer improve the uniformity and morphology of the perovskite film. Perovskite solar modules with a 110 cm2 active area achieve a power conversion efficiency of 12.6%. Moreover, encapsulated modules retained 84% of their initial efficiency after 1,000 hours at 85 °C in air (ISOS-T-1). This study demonstrates progress in the large-scale production of perovskite solar cells that combine efficiency with long-term stability.
Overview and recommendations for research on plants and microbes in regolith-based agriculture
Authors: Fackrell Laura E. , Humphrey Samson , Loureiro Rafael , Palmer Andrew G. , Long-Fox Jared
Published: September 2024

The domestication of agriculture is widely recognized as one of the most crucial technological adaptations for the transition of humanity from hunter-and-gatherer groups into early city-states and ultimately, complex civilizations. As humankind sets forth to permanently establish itself on the Moon and use it as a testing ground to colonize other worlds, like Mars, agriculture will again play a pivotal role. In this case, the development of sustainable crop production systems capable of succeeding in these harsh environments becomes vital to the success of our star-faring journey. Over decades, studies varying in species and approaches have been conducted in microgravity, testing the limits of plants and various growth systems, to better understand how Earth-based agriculture could be translated into environmental conditions and therefore evolutionary pressures beyond what life on our planet has known. While we have passed several significant milestones, we are still far from the goal of a sustainable agricultural system beyond our planet Regolith-based agriculture (RBA) should be a component of sustainable agriculture solutions beyond Earth, one which can also provide insight into plant growth in poor soils across our own world. However, RBA studies are in their infancy and, like any other new field, need an established set of parameters to be followed by the RBA community so the generated data can be standardized and validated. Here, we provide an extensive multi-disciplinary review of the state of RBA, outline important knowledge gaps, and propose a set of standardized methods and benchmarks for regolith simulant development and selection as well as plant, microbe, and plant-microbe interaction studies conducted in lunar and Martian regolith. Our goal is to spur dialog within the RBA community on proper regolith simulant selection, experimental design, and reporting. Our methods are divided into complexity tiers, providing a clear path for even the simplest experiments to contribute to the bulk of the knowledge that will shape the future of RBA science and see it mature as an integrated part of sustainable off-world agriculture.
Glass nano/micron pipette-based ion current rectification sensing technology for single cell/in vivo analysis
Authors: Yi Wei , Xiao Junxiong , Shi Zhenyu , Zhang Changbo , Yi Lanhua , Lu Yebo , Wang Xingzhu
Published: September 2024

The review provides a detailed introduction to the sensing mechanisms of ion current rectification sensing technology based on glass nano/micron pipette, as well as their applications, existing problems, and challenges in cells/in vivo analysis.
The preparation of a fluorescent dual-modality nanosensor for the discrimination and determination of biothiols in real samples and its practical detection kit
Authors: Ömeroğlu İpek , Sanko Vildan , Şenocak Ahmet , Tümay Süreyya Oğuz
Published: September 2024

A dual-modality nanosensor NBD-Nap@NCC is designed for the spectrofluorimetric analysis of biothiols in a serum sample. Its accuracy is confirmed via HPLC. Detection kits are fabricated for RGB analysis with the aid of a smartphone application.
A machine learning-driven SERS platform for precise detection and analysis of vascular calcification
Authors: Li Wei , You Zhilian , Cao Dawei , Liu Naifeng
Published: September 2024

This is the first time that the combination of SERS and machine learning techniques has been used for the analysis and detection of vascular calcification, enabling more efficient and accurate identification of vascular calcification in serum.
Indirect detection of lead(ii), cadmium(ii) and mercury(ii) on a microfluidic electrophoresis chip
Authors: Yuan Shuai
Published: September 2024

An indirect chemiluminescence method for the detection of Cd(ii), Pb(ii) and Hg(ii) ions on a microfluidic electrophoresis chip using Co(ii) as a probe is presented. This method has better detection sensitivity.
A polar viscosity-sensitive fluorescent probe with large Stokes shifts for simultaneous imaging of lipid droplets and lysosomes in tobacco leaf vein cells and biological systems
Authors: He Yuan , Zhang Zhi-Hao , Li Long-Ke , Ji Xun , Chen Guo-Yu , Wang Jian-Yong
Published: September 2024

A lysosomal lipid droplet probe, Nap-Lyso-Ph-OH, was constructed, showed sensitivity to both polarity and viscosity, and was successfully used for labelling and imaging lipid droplets in zebrafish and plant cells.
Weak effects of prebiotically plausible peptides on self-triphosphorylation ribozyme function
Authors: Arriola Joshua T. , Poordian Shayan , Valdivia Estefanía Martínez , Le Tommy , Leman Luke J. , Schellinger Joan G. , Müller Ulrich F.
Published: September 2024

From a library of 1014 RNA sequences, the strongest benefit of a prebiotically plausible peptide was by peptide 4 (arrow) on ribozyme S2. The names 1–10 of ten tested peptides are indicated, together with their overall charges (0, −, +).
Ambipolar macrocycle derived from spiro-xanthene and carbazole: synthesis, structure–property relationships, electronic properties and host–guest investigation
Authors: Kodali Phani Kumar , Choppella Sairathna , Ankita  , Kumar Deepak , Pandey Upendra Kumar , Ravva Mahesh Kumar , Singh Surya Prakash
Published: September 2024

For the first time, we present the detailed synthesis, photophysical, electrochemical, host–guest and charge transport properties of spiro[fluorene-9,9′-xanthene] (SFX) and carbazole macrocycle SPS-NR-02.
Laser-induced tuning of crystallization in tetracene thin films
Authors: Asyuda Andika , Müller Johannes , Gholami Mohammad Fardin , Zykov Anton , Pithan Linus , Koch Christoph T. , Rabe Jürgen P. , Opitz Andreas , Kowarik Stefan
Published: September 2024

Laser illumination acts a novel growth parameter for thin films, leading to larger crystallite size and molecular alignment in tetracene growth. Laser control is distinct from traditional thermal growth and paves the way for novel materials.
Exploring the electrochemical performance of layered Bi2Se3 hexagonal platelets as the anode material for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Abzal Shaik M. , Khatua Sumit , Kalyan Kurapati , Janga SaiLakshmi , Patel Rajkumar , Patro L. N. , Dash Jatis Kumar
Published: September 2024

The escalating need for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), driven by their expanding range of applications in our daily lives, has led to a surge in interest in metal selenides as potential anode materials.
The effect of polyunsaturation – insights into the hydroformylation of oleochemicals
Authors: Roth Thomas Friedrich Hubertus , Spiekermann Maximilian Lukas , Lütkenhaus David , Niefer Fabian , Vogt Dieter , Seidensticker Thomas
Published: September 2024

2Analytic evidence is given on how polyunsaturated fatty acids considerably reduce the activity of the homogeneously catalysed hydroformylation of technical-grade oleochemicals.
Design and synthesis of ferrocenyl 1,4-dihydropyridines and their evaluation as kinesin-5 inhibitors
Authors: Kowalczyk Karolina , Błauż Andrzej , Krawczyk Krzysztof , Rychlik Błażej , Plażuk Damian
Published: September 2024

Ferrocenyl analogues of CPUYL064 were designed to evaluate the impact of the ferrocenyl group on their antimitotic properties and KSP inhibitory activity.
Catalytic evaluation of MOF-808 with metallic centers of Zr(iv), Hf(iv) and Ce(iv) in the acetalization of benzaldehyde with methanol
Authors: Arellano Yazmín , Pazo César , Roa Vanesa , Hidalgo-Rosa Yoan , Zarate Ximena , Llanos Jaime , Escalona Nestor , Schott Eduardo
Published: September 2024

MOF-808-M with M = Zr(iv), Hf(iv) and Ce(iv) catalyzes the acetalization of benzaldehyde with methanol.
Dinitrogen silylation catalyzed by silylene cobalt(i) and silylene iron(i) chlorides
Authors: Fan Qingqing , Li Qingshuang , Sun Hongjian , Li Xiaoyan
Published: September 2024

A study on catalytic activity of Co and Fe complexes for N2 silylation is presented. It was found that silylene Fe(i) chloride is the most active catalyst among 8 complexes for N2 silylation and 402 equiv. of N(SiMe3)3 were obtained per Fe atom.
Low coordinate Zn(ii) organocations bearing extremely bulky NHC ligands: structural features, air-/water-tolerance and use in hydrosilylation and hydrogenation catalysis
Authors: Xu Xuejuan , Parmentier Jordan , Gourlaouen Christophe , Jacques Béatrice , Dagorne Samuel
Published: September 2024

Super bulky [(ITr)Zn(C6F5)]+ cation is stable towards hydrolysis and reversibly coordinates water at room temperature. Despite its steric bulk, it is an effective imine hydrogenation and CO2 hydrosilylation catalyst.
Rice bran supplement ameliorates chronic restraint stress-induced depression-like behaviors in mice
Authors: Kim Minji , Yoon Minseok , Cho Suengmok , Kim Min Jung , Um Min Young
Published: September 2024

RBS alleviates chronic stress-induced depressive-like behaviors by modulating the HPA axis, increasing neurotransmitter levels, downregulating GR, and enhancing ERK-CREB-BDNF signaling. γ-Oryzanol, a major component, acts as a GR antagonist, contributing to RBS's antidepressant effects.
Comprehensive assessment on the association of dietary vitamins with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among individuals with prediabetes: evidence from NHANES 1999–2018
Authors: Ren Wenxuan , Li Yang , Lu Cihang , Liu Siying , Shao Ying , Shi Xiaoguang
Published: September 2024

Prediabetes has become a global health issue, and currently, the relationship between vitamin levels and mortality in prediabetes remains unclear.
Innovative green synthesis of hydrophobic covalent networks using ethyl cellulose/thymol eutectic systems
Authors: Li Ren'ai , Su Chen , Li Mengqing , Cao Yunfeng
Published: September 2024

This study established an ethyl cellulose/thymol eutectic system to synthesize cellulosic polymer films with exceptional optical, mechanical, hydrophobic, and electrical properties.
Stereochemical optimization of N,2-substituted cycloalkylamines as norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
Authors: Dilweg Majlen A. , Mocking Tamara A. M. , Maragkoudakis Pantelis , van Westen Gerard J. P. , Heitman Laura H. , IJzerman Adriaan P. , Jespers Willem , van der Es Daan
Published: September 2024

Optimization of previously identified N,2-substituted cycloalkylamine scaffold for norepinephrine transport inhibition.
Inhibition of monoamine oxidases by heterocyclic derived conjugated dienones: synthesis and in vitro and in silico investigations
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Pandey Bishnu Prasad , Abdelgawad Mohamed A. , Ghoneim Mohammed M. , Bakr Rania B. , Kim Hoon , Mathew Bijo
Published: September 2024

A total of 18 heterocyclic derived conjugated dienones (CD1–CD18) were evaluated for their potential monoamine oxidase (MAO)-A/-B inhibitory activity.
Synthesis of high-entropy oxides derived from metal–organic frameworks and their catalytic performance for total toluene oxidation
Authors: Hussain Abid , Zheng Yuhua , Wang Qianyu , Cui Yanbin
Published: September 2024

HEOs prepared from MOFs demonstrate excellent VOC removal performance.
Biocompatible triboelectric energy generators (BT-TENGs) for energy harvesting and healthcare applications
Authors: Ramaraj Sankar Ganesh , Elamaran Durgadevi , Tabata Hitoshi , Zhang Fuchun , Liu Xinghui
Published: September 2024

Bio-implantable triboelectric nanogenerators for future medical applications.
Tetraasteranes as homologues of cubanes: effective scaffolds for drug discovery
Authors: Zhang Xiaokun , Wei Chaochun , Zong Keli , Zhong Qidi , Yan Hong
Published: September 2024

An in silico study shows that polycyclic hydrocarbon cage compounds, tetraasteranes, can be effective scaffolds for drug discovery.
A microwave assisted tandem synthesis of quinazolinones using ionic liquid supported copper(ii) catalyst with mechanistic insights
Authors: Dasmahapatra Upala , Maiti Barnali , Chanda Kaushik
Published: September 2024

A one pot synthetic strategy was developed for the synthesis of quinazolinones using ionic liquid supported Cu(ii) catalysts.
Surface chemistry and catalytic activity in H2O2 decomposition of pyrolytically fluoralkylated activated carbons
Authors: Mussabek Gauhar , Baktygerey Saule , Taurbayev Yerzhan , Yermukhamed Dana , Zhylkybayeva Nazym , Zaderko Alexander N. , Diyuk Vitaliy E. , Afonin Sergii , Yar-Mukhamedova Gulmira , Mariychuk Ruslan T. , Grishchenko Liudmyla M. , Kaňuchová Mária , Lisnyak Vladyslav V.
Published: September 2024

Modification of AC with C2H2F4 (F4) or C2HF5 (F5) in the temperature range of 400–800 °C with the formation of up to 3 mmol g−1 of chemisorbed fluorine in the form of fluoroalkyl CF3 and CF2 groups and semi-ionic C–F forms.
Salt-resistant continuous solar evaporation composites based on nonwovens with synergistic photothermal effect of graphene oxide/copper sulphide
Authors: Sun Wenbo , Qi Huan , Li Tan , Lin Minggang , Zhang Chuyang , Qiu Yiping
Published: September 2024

Solar interfacial evaporation is an innovative and environmentally friendly technology for producing freshwater from seawater.
Stereoselective transition metal-catalyzed [(2+2)+1] and [(2+2)+2] carbocyclization reactions using 1,6-enynes with 1,1-disubstituted olefins: construction of quaternary centers
Authors: Ylagan Ridge Michael P. , Zhu Yu , Evans P. Andrew
Published: September 2024

The development of transition metal-catalyzed [(2+2)+1] and [(2+2)+2] carbocyclization reactions of 1,6-enynes bearing 1,1-disubstituted olefins is discussed, highlighting both the challenges and opportunities for expanding this powerful transformation.
Fluorescence-plane polarization for the real-time monitoring of transferase migration in living cells
Authors: Wang Yafu , Niu Huiyu , Wang Kui , Yang Liu , Wang Ge , James Tony D. , Fan Jiangli , Zhang Hua
Published: September 2024

Bimodal chiral fluorescence probes (ACx-GGTB) were developed to perform fluorescent-plane polarization dual-mode imaging, and realize simultaneous and differential monitoring of transferase activities at different sites during migration.
Reconstructing nearly isotropic microstructures to construct a one-dimensional framework causing record birefringence in thiophosphates
Authors: Jiang Lin-Tao , Jiang Xiao-Ming , Fan Yu-Hang , Liu Bin-Wen , Guo Guo-Cong
Published: September 2024

Novel birefringent materials, α-Rb2InP2S7, β-Rb2InP2S7, and Cs2InP2S7 were reconstructed from the nearly isotropic basic building units and displayed the largest birefringence among all known thiophosphates.
Consecutive chirality transfer: efficient synthesis of chiral C,O-chelated BINOL/gold(iii) complexes for asymmetric catalysis and chiral resolution of disubstituted BINOLs
Authors: Chan Kwok-Heung Aries , O Wa-Yi , Jiang Jia-Jun , Cui Jian-Fang , Wong Man-Kin
Published: September 2024

Diastereomeric resolution of C,O-chelated BINOL/gold(iii) complexes was demonstrated, in which the recovered gold(iii) dichloride could resolve BINOL derivatives. This new class of gold(iii) complexes achieved asymmetric catalysis with up to 99% ee.
Efficient DNP at high fields and fast MAS with antenna-sensitized dinitroxides
Authors: Niccoli Lorenzo , Casano Gilles , Menzildjian Georges , Yulikov Maxim , Robinson Thomas , Akrial Salah-Eddine , Wang Zhuoran , Reiter Christian , Purea Armin , Siri Didier , Venkatesh Amrit , Emsley Lyndon , Gajan David , Lelli Moreno , Ouari Olivier , Lesage Anne
Published: September 2024

Optimized dinitroxide structures by design for DNP enhanced solid-state NMR at high magnetic field.
Chemical diversity of reagents that modify RNA 2′-OH in water: a review
Authors: Shioi Ryuta , Kool Eric T.
Published: September 2024

Electrophilic water-soluble compounds have proven versatile in reacting selectively with 2′-OH groups in RNA, enabling structure mapping, probing, caging, labeling, crosslinking, and conjugation of RNAs in vitro and in living cells.
Impact of surface hydrophilicity on the ordering and transport properties of bicontinuous microemulsions
Authors: Heroux Luke , Ojedeji Damilola , Barth Brian , Imel Adam , Doxastakis Manolis , Zawodzinski Tom , Dadmun Mark
Published: September 2024

This figure depicts the neutron reflectivity experiment and resultant scattering length density profiles, revealing alternating oil- and water-rich layers that vary with surface hydrophilicity. Simulations confirm perforated lamellae in these layers.
Engineered diatomic catalyst empowered electro-Fenton processes for advanced water purification
Authors: Sun Wenxin , Zou Hua , Liu Guoshuai , Guan Xiaohong , Wang Shaobin , Duan Xiaoguang
Published: September 2024

This work introduces the selection and preparation of DACs for the 2 + 1e− ORR EF process and concludes with a discussion on challenges and future directions for the intelligent design of electrodes and reactors in EF purification technologies.
A post-modified donor–acceptor covalent organic framework for enhanced photocatalytic H2 production and high proton transport
Authors: Yang Saiqi , Liu Wei , Zhang Yining , Jia Xiaohui , Sun Jingyan , Zhang Chenxi , Liu Mingguang
Published: September 2024

The post-synthetic PyBT-COF-COOH exhibits an enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production rate of 8.15 mmol g−1 h−1 and a notable proton conductivity of 1.5 × 10−2 S cm−1 upon light irradiation, essentially fulfilling the demands in PEMFCs.
Amorphization of halide solid electrolytes for lithium super-ionic conductivity
Authors: Xu Deli , He Jianshu , He Yuanyuan , Wang Sheng , Wu Guoxian , Li Minghua , Cheng Hao , Yu Kangzhe , Huang Xiao , Tian Bingbing
Published: September 2024

A non-crystalline strategy to improve Li+ conductivity in Li2ZrCl6-family halide solid-state electrolytes for all-solid-state Li batteries.
A lattice-enhanced light-driven terahertz meta-device with decoupled resonant modulation
Authors: Zhang Jing , Zhao Xilai , Liang Jiangang , Cai Tong , Zhang Chiben , Yuan Yifang , Li Hong , Yang Xiao , Zhang Xiaobao , Wang Xi , Wang Tianwu , Lou Jing
Published: September 2024

This paper demonstrates that the lattice modes can effectively enhance the performance of modulators and complements the theory of the lattice enhancement effect, which is used to design an ultrafast modulator with decoupled resonant modulation.
Study on the fluorescence enhancement characteristics of double-layer dislocated metal gratings
Authors: Tian Dongliang , Wang Zhiyuan , Han Bin , Song Jie , Liu Chunying , Chen Zhihui , Wang Yang
Published: September 2024

In this paper, a double-layer dislocated metal grating hybrid structure is proposed to achieve remarkable far-field fluorescence directional emission enhancement.
Unmasking the magic of magic blue in perovskite doping
Authors: Molenda Zuzanna , Wantz Guillaume , Chambon Sylvain , Bassani Dario M. , Hirsch Lionel
Published: September 2024

Electronic p-type doping of methylammonium lead iodide perovskite with magic blue. In this paper we present an experimental procedure to prepare p-type perovskites and propose a physical mechanism to explain the p-type doping.
Atomic-layer tailored organic photodetectors: harnessing intermolecular charge-transfer absorption for expanded spectral sensitivity up to the telecommunication band
Authors: Guo Jiahao , Ji Ting , Yang Yang , Shi Linlin , Wang Wenyan , Ma Yao , Shen Liang , Li Guohui , Cui Yanxia
Published: September 2024

The ZnPc:C60 OPD based on intermolecular charge transfer absorption can sense light up to the telecommunication band by incorporating an atomic-thick Al2O3 layer.
Ag–NiP deposited green carbon channel embedded NiP panels for sustainable water splitting
Authors: Nair Revathy B. , Krishnan A. Anantha , M. A. Aneesh Kumar , Rajendran Sivaraj , Harikumar Sreehari , C. Vidhya , Ameen Sha M. , Mathew Thomas , Kurian Sajith , Arun P. S.
Published: September 2024

Ag–NiP-deposited carbon channels on NiP panels were successfully developed through lemon juice extract (Ag–CL/NiP) and citric acid (Ag–CC/NiP)-assisted methodologies for photo and electrocatalytic water splitting.
Loss of cardiomyocyte-specific adhesion G-protein-coupled receptor G1 (ADGRG1/GPR56) promotes pressure overload-induced heart failure
Authors: Einspahr Jeanette , Xu Heli , Roy Rajika , Dietz Nikki , Melchior Jacob , Raja Jhansi , Carter Rhonda , Piao Xianhua , Tilley Douglas G.
Published: September 2024

Adhesion G-protein-coupled receptors (AGPCRs), containing large N-terminal ligand-binding domains for environmental mechano-sensing, have been increasingly recognized to play important roles in numerous physiologic and pathologic processes. However, their impact on the heart, which undergoes dynamic mechanical alterations in healthy and failing states, remains understudied. ADGRG1 (formerly known as GPR56) is widely expressed, including in skeletal muscle where it was previously shown to mediate mechanical overload-induced muscle hypertrophy; thus, we hypothesized that it could impact the development of cardiac dysfunction and remodeling in response to pressure overload. In this study, we generated a cardiomyocyte (CM)-specific ADGRG1 knockout mouse model, which, although not initially displaying features of cardiac dysfunction, does develop increased systolic and diastolic LV volumes and internal diameters over time. Notably, when challenged with chronic pressure overload, CM-specific ADGRG1 deletion accelerates cardiac dysfunction, concurrent with blunted CM hypertrophy, enhanced cardiac inflammation and increased mortality, suggesting that ADGRG1 plays an important role in the early adaptation to chronic cardiac stress. Altogether, the present study provides an important proof-of-concept that targeting CM-expressed AGPCRs may offer a new avenue for regulating the development of heart failure.
Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation for Dysphagia Treatment: Adoption, Perceived Barriers, and Clinical Practices
Authors: Ebdah Soud , Searl Jeff
Published: September 2024

Purpose:

This study aims to learn about the global adoption of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) in managing dysphagia, identify the barriers to its adoption, and describe the existing clinical practices.

Method:

A total of 171 professionals from various international backgrounds initiated a specially developed online survey, and 122 responses were included in the final analysis. The survey consisted of 44 items related to NMES usage, perceived adoption barriers of NMES in dysphagia management, and clinical practices. The data were subjected to descriptive and correlational statistical analysis.

Results:

NMES is adopted by 50% of the participants' workplaces when considering responses globally and 42.7% in the United States. Most respondents reported both high self-assessed knowledge level and high interest in learning about NMES. Among the 21 posed barriers to NMES adoption, 19 were agreed upon by over 50% of participants, with the most reported being insufficient academic coverage, lack of expert endorsement, and heterogeneity in stimulation parameters. There was considerable diversity in the clinical application of NMES, particularly regarding the duration, frequency, and total number of sessions typically completed when using NMES.

Conclusions:

NMES is adopted by half of the facilities and utilized by one third of dysphagia practitioners among the international respondents to this survey. The high interest expressed in NMES parallels the increasing volume of related research. Nonetheless, the widespread recognition of barriers and the substantial variability in clinical application underscore the need for international efforts to establish standardized protocols or guidelines, ensuring its effective and consistent use in clinical settings.
Higher Frequency of Stuttered Disfluencies Negatively Affects Communicative Participation in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Gooch Eloïse , Melzer Tracy R. , Horne Kyla-Louise , Grenfell Sophie , Livingston Leslie , Pitcher Toni , Dalrymple-Alford John C. , Anderson Tim J. , McAuliffe Megan J. , Theys Catherine
Published: September 2024

Purpose:

Up to 90% of people with Parkinson's disease (PD) develop communication difficulties over the course of the disease. While the negative effect of dysarthria on communicative participation has been well-documented, the impact of the occurrence of acquired stuttered disfluencies on communication in different speech situations is unknown. This study aimed to determine if the frequency of occurrence of stuttered disfluencies affects communicative participation in individuals with PD, and whether such a relationship is mediated by examiner- and self-rated measures of disease severity.

Method:

Conversational speech samples were collected from 100 people with PD aged 53–91 years to calculate the frequency of occurrence of stuttered disfluencies. Participants completed the Communicative Participation Item Bank to assess participation in communicative situations. Information on overall speech, cognitive, and motor performance was collected using both self-rated and examiner-rated methods.

Results:

Participants with PD presented with 0.2%–9.9% stuttered disfluencies during conversation. Overall, participants with PD reported their communicative participation to be impacted “a little” (19.5 ± 7.0), but there was considerable interindividual variation. A higher frequency of stuttered disfluencies was associated with significantly lower communicative participation (ρ = −0.32,
p
< .01). In addition, examiner-rated frequency of stuttered disfluencies (
p
< .01), speech (
p
< .01), and motor severity (
p
= .04) were all significant predictors of communicative participation. Using self-ratings, speech (
p
< .01) and cognitive (
p
< .01) measures significantly predicted communicative participation.

Conclusions:

In people with PD, communicative participation was significantly worse for those with a higher frequency of stuttered disfluencies. Examiner- and self-rated measures of disease severity contributed different information related to communicative constraints. Together, these results highlight the importance of individualized and holistic speech therapy that considers a wide variety of symptoms, including stuttered disfluencies, to ensure positive functional outcomes.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.26850169
Emergence of high-mass stars in complex fiber networks (EMERGE)
Authors: Socci A. , Hacar A. , Bonanomi F. , Tafalla M. , Suri S.
Published: September 2024

Context. Over the past decade,Herschelfar-infrared (FIR) observations have demonstrated the complex organisation characterising the interstellar medium as networks of parsec-scale filaments. At the same time, fiber networks have been found to aptly describe the gas structures in star-forming regions at sub-parsec scales.

Aims. We aim to investigate the dense gas organisation prior to the formation of stars in a selected sample of regions within Orion.

Methods. We surveyed seven prototypical star-forming regions in Orion as part of the EMERGE Early ALMA Survey. Our sample includes low- (OMC-4 South, NGC 2023), intermediate- (OMC-2, OMC-3, LDN 1641N), and high-mass (OMC-1, Flame Nebula) star-forming regions all surveyed at a high spatial resolution of 4.5″(or ∼2000 au) in N2H+(1-0). We used a dedicated series of ALMA+IRAM-30 m observations of this homogeneous sample to systematically investigate the spatial distribution, density, and thermal structure of the star-forming gas, along with its column density variations and its internal motions in a wide range of environments.

Results. From the analysis of the gas kinematics, we identified and characterised a total of 152 velocity-coherent fibers. The statistical significance of our sample, the largest of its kind so far, highlights these small-scale filamentary sub-structures as the preferred organisational unit for the dense gas in low-, intermediate-, and high-mass star-forming regions alike. Despite the varied complexity of these sub-parsec networks (in terms of the surface density of their constituent fibers), the masses and lengths of these objects show similar distributions and consistent median values, as well as (trans-)sonic motions, for all of our targets. The comparison between the fiber line masses and virial line masses suggests that the majority of these objects are sub-virial. Those fibers closer to the virial condition, however, are also associated with a greater number of protostars. Finally, the surface density of fibers is linearly correlated with the total dense gas mass throughout by roughly one order of magnitude in terms of both of these parameters.

Conclusions. While most fibers show comparable mass, length, and internal motions in our survey, massive fibers that are close to the virial condition are shown to be intimately connected to star formation. The majority of the protostars in our target regions are, in fact, associated with these objects. The additional correlation between the surface density of fibers and the dense gas mass in our survey demonstrates how the physical properties of fibers can explain the current degree of star formation in their host region. Our findings suggest a common mechanism for star formation from low- to high-mass star-forming regions, mediated through the formation and evolution of fiber networks.
Impact of assembly bias on clustering plus weak lensing cosmological analysis
Authors: Paviot R. , Rocher A. , Codis S. , de Mattia A. , Jullo E. , de la Torre S.
Published: September 2024

Context. Empirical models of galaxy-halo connection such as the halo occupation distribution (HOD) model have been widely used over the past decades to intensively test perturbative models on quasi-linear scales. However, these models fail to reproduce the galaxygalaxy lensing signal on non-linear scales, over-predicting the observed signal by up to 40%.

Aims. With ongoing Stage-IV galaxy surveys such as DESI and Euclid that will measure cosmological parameters at sub-percent precision, it is now crucial to precisely model the galaxy-halo connection in order to accurately estimate the theoretical uncertainties of perturbative models.

Methods. This paper compares a standard HOD (based on halo mass only) to an extended HOD that incorporates as additional features galaxy assembly bias and local environmental dependencies on halo occupation. These models were calibrated against the observed clustering and galaxy-galaxy lensing signal of eBOSS luminous red galaxies and emission line galaxies in the range 0.6 < z < 1.1. We performed a combined clustering-lensing cosmological analysis on the simulated galaxy samples of both HODs to quantify the systematic budget of perturbative models.

Results. By considering not only the mass of the dark matter halos but also these secondary properties, the extended HOD offers a more comprehensive understanding of the connection between galaxies and their surroundings. In particular, we found that the luminous red galaxies preferentially occupy denser and more anisotropic environments. Our results highlight the importance of considering environmental factors in empirical models with an extended HOD that reproduces the observed signal within 20% on scales below 10 h−1 Mpc. Our cosmological analysis reveals that our perturbative model yields similar constraints regardless of the galaxy population, with a better goodness of fit for the extended HOD. These results suggest that the extended HOD should be used to quantify modelling systematics. This extended framework should also prove useful for forward modelling techniques.
Disk mass after a binary neutron star merger as a constraining parameter for short gamma-ray bursts
Authors: Mpisketzis Vasilis , Nathanail Antonios
Published: September 2024

Context. The coincident detection of GW170817 and gamma-ray burst GRB170817A marked a milestone for the connection between binary neutron star (BNS) mergers and short gamma-ray bursts (sGRBs). These mergers can lead to the formation of a black hole that is surrounded by a disk and to the generation of a powerful jet. It spends energy to break free from the merger ejecta, and then a portion of it is dissipated to produce observable emissions.

Aims. Our primary goal is to enhance our comprehension of BNS mergers by constraining the disk mass for a selection of sGRBs. To do this, we used the isotropic gamma-ray luminosity and corresponding emission times as key indicators.

Methods. We leveraged data from GW170817 to estimate the disk mass surrounding the BNS merger remnant, and we subsequently inferred the efficiency of the accretion onto the jet. We then statistically examined other sGRB observations to estimate whether they might have been induced by BNS mergers

Results. Our findings suggest that when similar physical parameters are employed as in the only observed BNS-powered GRB event, GRB170817A, a substantial fraction of sGRBs would need an unrealistically massive disk remnant.

Conclusions. This observation raises the possibility that either a different mechanism powered those events or that the post-collapse disk efficiency varies significantly in different BNS merger scenarios.
Dynamical evolution of Milky Way globular clusters on the cosmological timescale
Authors: Ishchenko Maryna , Berczik Peter , Panamarev Taras , Kuvatova Dana , Kalambay Mukhagali , Gluchshenko Anton , Veles Oleksandr , Sobolenko Margaryta , Sobodar Olexander , Omarov Chingis
Published: September 2024

Context. Based on the Gaia DR3, we reconstructed the orbital evolution of the known Milky Way globular clusters and found that six objects, NGC 6681, NGC 6981, Palomar 6, NGC 6642, HP 1, and NGC 1904, very likely interact closely with the nuclear star cluster.

Aims. We study the dynamical evolution of selected Milky Way globular clusters and their interactions with the Galactic centre over cosmological timescales. We examine the global dynamical mass loss of these globular cluster systems, their close interactions with the Galactic centre, and the potential capture of stars by the Milky Way nuclear star cluster.

Methods. For the dynamical modelling of the clusters, we used the parallel N-body code φ-GPU, which allows star-by-star simulations of the systems. Our current code also enabled us to follow the stellar evolution of individual particles, including the formation of high-mass remnants. The modelling was carried out in a Milky Way-like, time-variable potential (with a dynamically changing mass and scale length), obtained from the IllustrisTNG-100 database, with a full integration time of eight billion years.

Results. Based on extensive numerical modelling and analysis, we estimated the mass loss and the global and inner structures of the selected six clusters. Over an evolution of eight billion years, the clusters lost ≈80% of their initial mass. We analysed the phase-space evolution of the individual unbound stars NGC 6681, NGC 6642, HP 1, and NGC 1904. We found that only NGC 6642 could potentially have been a source for populating the Milky Way nuclear star cluster in the past.
Magnetic fields in the outskirts of PSZ2 G096.88+24.18 from a depolarization analysis of radio relics
Authors: De Rubeis E. , Stuardi C. , Bonafede A. , Vazza F. , van Weeren R. J. , de Gasperin F. , Brüggen M.
Published: September 2024

Context. Radio relics are diffuse, non-thermal radio sources present in a number of merging galaxy clusters. They are characterized by elongated arc-like shapes and highly polarized emission (up to ∼60%) at gigahertz frequencies, and are expected to trace shock waves in the cluster outskirts induced by galaxy cluster mergers. Their polarized emission can be used to study the magnetic field properties of the host cluster.

Aims. In this paper, we investigate the polarization properties of the double radio relics in PSZ2 G096.88+24.18 using the rotation measure (RM) synthesis, and try to constrain the characteristics of the magnetic field that reproduce the observed depolarization as a function of resolution (beam depolarization). Our aim is to understand the nature of the low polarization fraction that characterizes the southern relic with respect to the northern relic.

Methods. We present new 1–2 GHz Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) observations in multiple configurations. We derived the RM and polarization of the two relics by applying the RM synthesis technique, and thus solved for bandwidth depolarization in the wide observing bandwidth. To study the effect of beam depolarization, we degraded the image resolution and studied the decreasing trend of polarization fraction with increasing beam size. Finally, we performed 3D magnetic field simulations using multiple models for the magnetic field power spectrum over a wide range of scales, in order to constrain the characteristics of the cluster magnetic field that can reproduce the observed beam depolarization trend.

Results. Using RM synthesis, we obtained a polarization fraction of (18.6 ± 0.3)% for the northern relic and (14.6 ± 0.1)% for the southern one. Having corrected for bandwidth depolarization, and after noticing the absence of relevant complex Faraday spectrum, we inferred that the nature of the depolarization for the southern relic is external, and possibly related to the turbulent gas distribution within the cluster, or to the complex spatial structure of the relic. The best-fit magnetic field power spectrum, which reproduces the observed depolarization trend for the southern relic, was obtained for a turbulent magnetic field model, described by a power spectrum derived from cosmological simulations, and defined within the scales of Λmin = 35 kpc and Λmax = 400 kpc. This yields an average magnetic field of the cluster within 1 Mpc3 volume of ∼2 μG.
Effects of stellar feedback on cores in STARFORGE
Authors: Neralwar K. R. , Colombo D. , Offner S. , Wyrowski F. , Menten K. M. , Karska A. , Grudić M. Y. , Neupane S.
Published: September 2024

Stars form in dense cores within molecular clouds, and newly formed stars influence their natal environments. How stellar feedback impacts core properties and evolution has been the subject of extensive investigation. We performed a hierarchical clustering (dendrogram) analysis of a STARFORGE (STAR FORmation in Gaseous Environments) simulation, modelling a giant molecular cloud to identify gas overdensities (cores) and study changes in their radius, mass, velocity dispersion, and virial parameter with respect to stellar feedback. We binned these cores on the basis of the fraction of gas affected by protostellar outflows, stellar winds, and supernovae and analysed the property distributions for each feedback bin. We find that cores that experience more feedback influence are smaller. Feedback notably enhances the velocity dispersion and virial parameter of the cores, more so than it reduces their radius. This is also evident in the linewidth–size relation, according to which cores in higher-feedback bins exhibit higher velocities than their similarly sized pristine counterparts. We conclude that stellar feedback mechanisms, which impart momentum to the molecular cloud, simultaneously compress and disperse the dense molecular gas.
Microvascular Decompression: An Effective Approach for Trigeminal Neuralgia Caused by a Dolichoectatic Basilar Artery after Multiple Treatment Failures
Authors: Chelmis Filippos , Pakataridis Paraskevas , Sorotou Iliana , Tzineris Anastasios , Ranguelov Christo
Published: September 2024

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN), characterized by recurrent episodes of intense facial pain, poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. TN can be triggered by many factors, with rare cases (< 0.05% of the general population) associated with vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia (VBD). Our study analyzes a 74-year-old male patient with 10 years of constant unbearable left-sided facial pain, unresponsive to medications and multiple glycerol rhizotomies, performed in other centers which prompted the patient to seek care at our clinic. The confirmation of left-sided VBD by magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography angiography, and the patient's overall satisfactory health status favored open surgery with microvascular decompression (MVD). We performed a retrosigmoid suboccipital craniotomy to reach the cerebellopontine angle, ensuring that it is the dolichoectatic basilar artery applying compression to the trigeminal nerve. We inserted a shredded Teflon implant into the trigeminal cistern following its opening. Care was exercised to ensure that there were no remaining factors causing compression. Postoperatively, pain relief was achieved, sustained at an 8-month follow-up. Treating TN arising from VBD can be difficult. The patient's overall health status and assessment play a key role in determining the appropriate course of treatment. Opting for MVD is the optimal and most effective choice, regardless of age, according to the recent literature. In cases where surgery is not feasible, the treatment options will involve medications and less invasive therapeutic approaches such as peripheral rhizotomies or stereotactic radiosurgery. Our case highlights the efficacy of MVD in addressing TN associated with VBD, underscoring the need for advanced treatment modalities and expertise in managing complex cases.
Retrospective analysis of 60 Autism Spectrum Disorder
cases
Authors: Vaidyeswar Madhuri , Rao Disha
Published: September 2024

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with challenges
in social communication and repetitive/restricted sensory-motor behaviours and
early intervention during the critical brain development phase can significantly
manage this condition. This retrospective analysis was conducted to understand
the impact of homoeopathy on specific developmental domains in the treatment of
ASD and to determine what areas it may benefit when used alongside other
supportive therapies, to improve the long-term outcomes of the affected
children.

Methods The records of 60 cases diagnosed with ASD and treated with
homoeopathic medicines, along with supportive therapies, that showed clinically
significant improvement, were taken for analysis. Documented follow-ups for a
period of 3–4 years of these cases were observed and analysed. The Indian Scale
for Assessment of Autism has been used to score and analyse the progress of the
children.

Results The cases were divided according to age into 3 categories – 2 to 5
years, 6 to 9 years and 10 to 12 years for analysis. Significant improvement in
the 2–5 years age group was seen in all developmental domains but the highest in
speech-language & communication, the 6–9 years group in cognitive component,
10–12 years group in behaviour, which was also supported statistically by a
significant p value (<0.05).

Conclusion The analysis evaluated the impact of homeopathy on ASD, showing
benefits in speech, language, and cognitive development, particularly in younger
children, holding promise for homoeopathy in early intervention for long-term
developmental outcomes.
Behandlung einer Sinusvenenthrombose bei einem Säugling mit einem
kompletten atrioventrikulären Septumdefekt (CAVSD)
Authors: Höf Alexandra
Published: September 2024

Ein 3 Wochen alter Säugling entwickelte nach operativer Korrektur eines
kompletten atrioventrikulären Septumdefekts eine schwere beidseitige
Sinusvenenthrombose, die homöopathisch begleitet wurde. Im Verlauf stabilisierte
sich der Säugling ungewöhnlich schnell. Dies zeigt, dass auch schwerste
Komplikationen begleitend zur konventionellen Behandlung homöopathisch
therapiert werden können.