bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dutta’s Scoring Technique for Early Detection and Management of Uterine Atony during Emergency LSCS – A Randomized Trial
Authors: Dilip Kumar Dutta  , Indranil Dutta
Published: January 2025

Background: Uterine atony accounts for 80 % of causes of PPH and is one of the important cause of maternal death.
Objective: To analyze the efficacy of Dutta’s score for early detection and management of uterine atony during emergency LSCS to prevent PPH.
Study methods: This study was undertaken at JNM, NSGN, CN at Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal India from 1st January 2007 to 31st December 2011. Three hundred cases undergoing emergency LSCS were selected for randomized trial. Clinical observations were made after placental expulsion for scoring which includes shape and size of uterus, rugosity, tone, placental localization and time of placental expulsion. Score of 0, 1, 2 were given on each observation. Three groups are created depending on scoring-Group A (130) -8 to 10, Group B (N-100) -5 to 7 and Group C (N-70) - <5 for better management. Management protocols were formulated in the three groups for prevention of PPH
Group A:- Oxytocin 10U (5U IM + 5U IV 40drops/min in Ringer Lactate 500ml) Group B:- Oxytocin 15U (5U IM + 10U IV 40drops/min in Ringer lactate 500 ml) + methyl ergometrine (0.25mg IM) + anterior posterior uterine wall compression Group C:- Oxytocin 20 U- (5U IM plus 15 U IV 40 drops in Ringer Lactate 500 ml) + methyl ergometrine (0.5mg IM) + carboprost (250 mcg IM) + lateral followed by anterior posterior uterine wall compression + compression of isthmic region of uterus + misoprostol 800mg per rectal during post operative period.
Results: After adopting Dutta’s score and management protocols it was interesting to observe that intra and post operative blood loss within 2hr were found to be significantly reduced in group A-69.3% (<300CC), 84.6%(<200CC) and group B-70%(<300cc), 72%(<200CC). Intra operative blood loss >500cc were also found to be reduce in group A- 7.6%, group B-14%. In group C intra operative blood loss >500cc were seen in 47.1 % and post operative -32.9% cases. Hemoglobin level <11gms after 24 hrs of LSCS was found to be minimally reduced (in comparison to preoperative hemoglobin level) in group A (1.5%), group-B (2%) and group C (11.4%).
Conclusion: Early diagnosis and management of uterine atony during emergency LSCS after adopting Dutta’s score were found to be not only reduce intra and post operative blood loss but also was found to maintain a satisfactory hemoglobin level and hemodynamic status. Maternal mortality was found to be nil. This randomized trial highlighted the importance of prompt treatment in group C to reduce intra and post operative blood loss and maternal morbidity and mortality.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i2.8531  
sian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-5(2) 2014: 40-45
Neurocognitive dysfunction among HIV positive patients using International HIV dementia scale
Authors: Achappa Basavaprabhu , Shivani Priyadarshni  , Deepak Madi  , Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran  , John T Ramapuram  , Satish Rao  , Mukta N Chowta  , Soundarya Mahalingam
Published: January 2025

Background: HIV associated neurocognitive dysfunction (HAND) ranges from asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment (ANI) to mild neurocognitive disorders (MND) to HIV associated dementia (HAD). Cognitive impairment may impact medication adherence which will ultimately affect morbidity and mortality.
Aim: This study was undertaken to evaluate neurocognitive dysfunction among HIV positive patients using the International HIV Dementia scale(IHDS).
Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital attached to a medical college that caters to a large number of HIV positive patients. The subjects for this study included HIV positive patients belonging to WHO stage 1 or 2. Data collection was done using a pre tested questionnaire. The International HIV Dementia scale(IHDS) was used to assess HAND.
Results: Out of the 101 patients studied, 69(68.3%) were males and 32(31.7%) were females. Among these patients, 88 (87.1%) were receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART), 84 (83.2%) were in WHO stage 1. 91 (90.1%) patients had HAND. There were statistically significant differences in the gender and educational level between patients with or without HAND. As age advanced the percentage of patients having HAND also increased.
Conclusion: There was high prevalence of HIV associated neurocognitive dysfunction among HIV positive individuals in our study. Also there was an increase in HIV associated neurocognitive dysfunction with increase in age.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i4.8724
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2014 Vol.5(4); 61-64
Comparison of morphine and fentanyl in attenuation of Intra operative stress response under general anesthesia: A randomized double blinded study
Authors: R Krishna Prabu  , P Rani  , NP Madhu
Published: January 2025

Background: This randomized double blinded study was done to compare the effect of intravenous morphine and fentanyl in attenuation of stress response during surgeries under general anesthesia in adults. The attenuation of stress response was analyzed with changes in serum cortisol and glucose levels one hour after induction of anesthesia.
Methods: Fifty consented healthy volunteers in age group 20-50, under ASA I and ASA II posted for elective surgery were included in the study. Two groups of 25 each, group M who received 0.2 mg/kg body weight of morphine and group F who received 2 microgram/kg body weight of fentanyl before anaesthetic induction were compared. The members of two groups were randomly allocated and double blinded using sealed envelope technique. Blood samples were collected for baseline glucose and cortisol in all the subjects. One hour after the administration of study drugs, which was given at the time of induction blood samples were collected for analysis of glucose and cortisol. The changes in blood glucose and serum cortisol levels were compared at the end of the study using independent samples ‘t’ test.
Results: There was no significant difference in blood sugar levels in both groups at the end of 1 hour. But there was significant increase in serum cortisol levels in group F compared to group M.
Conclusion: This study concludes that morphine is better than fentanyl in attenuation of Intraoperative stress by effectively controlling serum cortisol levels.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i4.9796
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2014 Vol.5(4); 65-68
Morphology of the vertebral artery in Asian population
Authors: Alfaouri Maryna Kornieieva , Azmy M Al-Hadidi
Published: January 2025

Background: Recent clinical trials have shown a rising trend of stroke in Asian population. Approximately 20% strokes of total occur at the vertebrobasilar basin that supplies the occipital lobes of the brain, the cerebellum, and the brainstem. The anatomical features and variability of the third segment of the vertebral artery (VA) in Asians are analyzed in this study.
Methods: A prospective cohort study of 68 consecutive Asian patients underwent MRA examination for head and neck in the Department of Radiology of Hospital of University of Jordan from 1.10.2011 to 30.04.2012. The 116 VA were analyzed on the obtained angiograms.
Results: The third segment (V3) of the VA was studied according to its conventional division into vertical, horizontal, and oblique parts. The mean outer diameter of the V3 varied up 3.18 ± 0.73 to 4.28 ± 1.08 mm. The parameter prevailed on the left in 91% cases and was greater in males, than in females. The distal loop of the VA projected downward in 26 cases on the right (78%) and in 28 cases on the left (74%). The tortuosity of loop?formations of V3 was evaluated subject to angles between their ascending and descending bends.
Conclusion: In comparison with other ethnic groups, the V3 of the VA in Asians has lesser outer diameter, especially along its oblique part; the zero?distance between the occipital bone and horizontal segment of VA occurs more often (up to 26%); the Lang’s III type of V3 variability is the most common in Asians.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i4.6150
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2014 Vol.5(4); 84-88
A bronchogenic cyst with atrial flutter
Authors: Tenekecioglu Erhan , Mustafa Yılmaz
Published: January 2025

The majority of bronchogenic cysts occur in the mediastinum and especially within the pulmonary parenchyma. Bronchogenic cysts have various clinical and radiological manifestations. In adults, these are often asymptomatic and most of them are only incidentally recognized in imaging procedures. In infancy and early childhood, compression of the tracheobronchial tree leads to symptoms and occasionaly life-threatening complications. Bronchogenic cysts have been stated rarely among the causes of an arythmia in early childhood. We reported a 7-years old female presented with paroxysmal palpitation continuing for one month. Contrast enhanced computed tomography showed cystic mass in the right hemi-thorax, compressing the right atrium. After surgical removal histopathologic examination revealed a lining of respiratory epithelium associated with a wall containing smooth muscle, a finding that is characteristic of bronchogenic cyst.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i4.9695
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2014 Vol.5(4); 94-96
Postdural puncture headache: Is epidural saline patch effective – A case report
Authors: Ravi Prakash  , Shefali Gautam  , Shobhna Jafa  , D Archana
Published: January 2025

Postdural puncture headache (PDPH) is a major complication of lumber puncture or accidental dural puncture especially in patients with raised intrabdominal pressure like pregnancy, abdominal tumors etc. Many interventions have been tried to prevent and treat PDPH. None of them is 100% effective and variable success rates have been reported. We present a case of successful use of epidural saline patch to treat PDPH caused by accidental dural puncture in a 45 yrs female with large ovarian tumor.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i4.9865
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2014 Vol.5(4); 100-102
Perinatal bilateral testicular torsion: A rare emergency with review of literature
Authors: Amit Gupta  , Akhil Kumar  , Bhavesh Chandha  , Megha Saroha
Published: January 2025

Perinatal bilateral testicular torsion is an extremely rare surgical emergency and is subject of debate among surgeons. Urgent surgical exploration and fixation of the other testis are the key points in the management. 
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i4.9931
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2014 Vol.5(4); 103-105
Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva: A case report
Authors: Sreedhar Vasala  , V Dharma Rao  , M Rajaneesh Reddy  , P Ramyatha Reddy  , K Murali
Published: January 2025

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a genetic disorder with unknown cause. Disease is characterized by heterotopic ossifications of connective tissue and congenital malformations of distal part of extremities. Most cases are sporadic and transmitted as autosomal dominant. As very few cases of FOP are being reported in Indian literature, we, therefore, report one such case here.
Our case is a 20 years-old female patient who had bilateral short great toes with hallux valgus associated with heterotopic ossifications of connective tissue with restrictions of range of motion and disability of daily living activities. We have diagnosed it as FOP based on our physical examination and skeletal x-rays findings.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i4.9915
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2014 Vol.5(4); 113-115
A rare case of sclerosing stromal tumor of ovary with Meigs syndrome presenting with torsion
Authors: Ketaki K Junnare  , Pramod Tajne  , Pushpalata R Naphade
Published: January 2025

A young primi para presented with a large solid ovarian mass with ascites and hydrothorax. She had raised CA 125 levels. She developed torsion of the mass after admission. At laparotomy the tumor was subjected to frozen section. The tumor was benign sclerosing stromal tumor of ovary. Uterus and normal ovary could be conserved.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i4.9518
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2014 Vol.5(4); 116-118
Vitamin D deficiency in children
Authors: Mohd Ashraf  , Mohammad Ishaq  , Nazir Ahmed Parrey  , Kaisar Ahmed
Published: January 2025

Background: Vitamin D deficiency in children is an important medical entity commonly diagnosed during early childhood. Prevalence and incidence of vitamin D deficiency in children is underestimated and can have far reaching consequences as per the latest evidence. Children at high risk should be identified and treated accordingly to avoid the treatable misadventures of future life.
Aim: The purpose of this review is to provide summary of the latest research in particular to the practical aspects of vitamin D deficiency in children.
Methods: A literature search in PubMed, Medline, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar, and DOAJ was conducted, regarding pediatric vitamin D deficiency related research and review articles in English language, using keywords or phrases such as bones; childhood allergy; calcium; children; diabetes mellitus type 1; respiratory infections; rickets; failure to thrive, 25-OH vitamin D.
Conclusion: Despite major advances in unfolding the classical and non-classical role of vitamin D in various health related events in children, yet most of the pediatric population is vitamin D deficient even in countries like India with ample sunlight.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i1.10199
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(1) 2015 1-7
Strategic therapeutic approaches to overcome emerging dual SRC/ABL kinase inhibitors resistances in chronic phase Ph positive chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Rajat Rana  , Soumadip Das  , Aravinda Swami  , Doreen Pon  , S Ramesh  , Sappa Dilip Kumar
Published: January 2025

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a haematopoietic neoplasm with clinically distinct phases and BCR⁄ABL1 oncogene. Imatinib mesylate, a potent inhibitor of BCR-ABL was highly effective in CML but later in-vitro derived cell line with resistance namely BCR-ABL duplication point mutation, P loop mutation, T315I mutation, C helix, SH2 domain, activation loop, C terminal lobe, SRC family kinase activation led to development of Nilotinib. Although it has potential drug targets as BCR-ABL kinase, KIT, PDGFR but has no role in overcoming in Src family kinase. It prompted strategic rational drug design of Dual Src Family Kinase/Abl Inhibitor Dasatinib, active against 15 clinically significant Imatinib resistant BCR-ABL mutations but inactive against T315I mutation. The propensity of Ph+ CML to develop novel mechanism of resistance led designing of rational therapeutic approaches to eradicate minutest residual diseases along with long term resistance risk.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i1.10454
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(1) 2015 8-15
Maternal methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene A1298C polymorphism and risk of nonsyndromic Cleft lip and/or Palate (NSCL/P) in offspring: A meta-analysis
Authors: Vandana Rai
Published: January 2025

Objective: Methyleneterahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) A1298C polymorphism has been reported a risk factor for nonsyndromic cleft/palate (NSCL/P) in several published articles but results were inconclusive. To confirm the association between maternal MTHFR A1298C polymorphism and NSCL/P risk, a meta-analysis was conducted.
Method: Case control articles for maternal MTHFR A1298C polymorphism and NSCL/P risk were identified by search of databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Elsevier and Springer Link for the period up to December, 2013. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated to assess the association.
Results: Meta-analysis of ten included studies showed that there was no significant association between maternal MTHFR A1298C polymorphism and risk of NSCL/P under five genetic models (for C versus A, OR= 1.007, 95 % CI= 0.89-1.13, P=0.90; for CC versus AA, OR=0.851, 95 % CI = 0.63-1.15, P=0.30.; for AC versus AA, OR= 1.033, 95 % CI= 0.88-1.21, P= 0.69; for CC+AC versus AA, OR= 1.005, 95 % CI= 0.86-1.17, P=0.94; for CC versus AC+AA, OR= 0.86, 95 % CI= 0.64-1.15, P= 0.32).
Conclusion: In conclusion, results of present meta-analysis demonstrate that maternal MTHFR A1298C polymorphism may not be a risk factor for developing NSCL/P in offspring. Further studies with large sample sizes are needed to evaluate the association of maternal MTHFR A1298C polymorphism with NSCL/P in more detail.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i1.10281
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(1) 2015 16-21
Biochemical changes in some trace elements, antioxidant vitamins and their therapeutic importance in prostate cancer patients
Authors: Bridget Obiageli Onyema-iloh  , Samuel C Meludu  , Emmanuel Iloh  , Johnkennedy Nnodim  , Onyema Onyegbule  , Blessing Mykembata
Published: January 2025

Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate the serum levels of some trace-elements (zinc, copper and selenium) and antioxidant vitamins (vitamin A, C and E) in prostate cancer patients.
Method: A total of 50 prostate cancer patients aged 50-70 years with PSA > 4.0 ng/dl were recruited for the study while 50 apparently healthy individual were used as control subjects. Zinc, copper and selenium were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer while vitamin A, C and E were determined using high performance liquid chromatography.
Result: The result showed that the mean levels of Se (0.77±0.26), Zn(147.75±42.05) were significantly lower (p <0.05) when compared with the control (1.47±0.13) and (168.78±59.80) respectively. The serum copper level (187. 76±66.05) was significantly higher (p<0.05) when compared with control (126.40±31.24).The antioxidant vitamin A (0.42±0.19), vitamin C (3.62±1.81) and vitamin E (0.39±0.13) were Significantly lower p(<0.05) when compared with the control (0.68±0.32)(12.16±4.07) and (1.40±0.16) respectively.
Concusion: The decreased trace elements and antioxidant vitamins may be associated with high free radicals generated due to oxidative stress in prostate cancer patient.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i1.10799
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(1) 2015 95-97
Unusual cause for pacemaker threshold elevation
Authors: Osman Can Yontar  , Erhan Tenekecioglu  , Kemal Karaagac  , Ahmet Tutuncu
Published: January 2025

Pacing threshold is an important entity which should be tested during pacemaker follow up. Abnormal elevation of pacing threshold would end up with early exhaustion of pacemaker battery. In this report, we described a patient with an unusual cause for threshold elevation.
Learning objective: Pacemaker follow-up has its own routines. Telecardiogram is one of them, however it is mostly underrated nowadays. Our objective is to teach value of this quick and inexpensive test for pacemaker patients.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i1.10801  
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(1) 2015 106-107
Intermittent delta waves mimicking inferior myocardial infarction
Authors: Osman Can Yontar  , Erhan Tenekecioglu  , Kermal Karaagac  , Ahmet Tutuncu
Published: January 2025

Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is recognized with existence of delta waves and a short PR interval on electrocardiogram. Delta waves may appear positive or negative deviated on different derivations corresponding to the location of accessory pathway. In some cases, delta waves mimic Q waves which should be distinguished by physicians.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i1.10802
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(1) 2015 115-116
The right hand second to fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) and its relationship with body composition indicators among young population
Authors: Joydeep Majumder  , Bhavani S. Bagepally
Published: January 2025

Objective: Study examined 2D:4D among young adults with an attempt to explore its relation to body composition indicators and somatotyping in Indian population.
Methods: 317 participants (190 women; 19-40 years), were examined for digit lengths, height, weight, skinfold thicknesses at various regions, and circumferences of chest, waist, hip, thigh and calf. Body somatotyping were calculated from measurements. Body composition indicators were compared among gender and whole study group between participants with 2D:4D<1 and 2D:4D>1.
Results: Height, weight, arm circumference and BMI were significantly higher among women with 2D:4D<1 as compared to 2D:4D>1; further mesomorphy enhanced with lowered 2D:4D. 3D scatter plot for percent body fat, waist-hip ratio and 2D:4D showed increased body fat with increase in 2D:4D among men. Positive relation emerged between waist-hip ratio and 2D:4D, revealing significant fat deposition at the waist-hip region among women.
Statistical analysis used: Two tailed independent sample t test was used to analyze the difference in parameters between men and women. The statistical significance level of p<0.05 was considered significant. Scatter plots were drawn with fitted lines for estimated means with marginal box plots.
Conclusion: Although gender is differentiated based on anthropometric characteristics and 2D:4D, digit ratio may have a modest role in understanding the body composition indicators in terms of association between lower 2D:4D with male type pattern of anthropometric indicators even among young Indian women.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i2.10903
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(2) 2015 78-84
Physician’s dilemma in treating Acinetobacter baumanii: A combination of art and science
Authors: Sagar Khadanga  , Karuna Tadepalli  , Pravat Kumar Thatoi  , Rina Mohanty  , Namita Mohapatra
Published: January 2025

Acinetobacter are gram negative coccobacilli and ubiquitous in nature1. Quiet frequently they are recovered from inpatients who are hospitalized for prolonged illness and often multiple times.  Although originally considered to be a low grade opportunistic pathogen Acinetobacter species has emerged to be one of the common nosocomial pathogen. These isolates are often MDR1. It still remains a physician’s dilemma whether to treat or not such isolates, considering them pathological or commmensals.  In one of our case it was isolated as a commensal and the patient did not require any antibiotic. On the hand the second case succumbed just after we started the susceptible antibiotic. 
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i2.10405
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(2) 2015 105-107
An unexpected case of bilateral kidneys studded with multiple abscesses, in a nondiabetic healthy woman-A case report
Authors: Vijaya Kamble  , Kajal Mitra
Published: January 2025

Bilateral multiple renal abscesses have been found in individuals with predisposing factors but are infrequently encountered in otherwise healthy individuals. In our case , a lady presented with history  of fever and chills with bilateral renal angle tenderness. Ultrasonography and computed tomography showed both kidneys to be studded with multiple renal abscesses of varying sizes. USG Guided percutaneous aspiration was done to establish the correct diagnosis and identify the causative micro organism. Her blood culture and urine culture were negative. The patient was successfully treated with combined intravenous and oral course of antibiotics. In conclusion, as contrary to the usual belief, bilateral renal abscesses can occur in a healthy individual without any history of diabetes or immunocompromised status. In addition full recovery is possible solely with antibiotics.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i3.10933
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(3) 2015 91-93
Plasmablastic neoplasm in an HIV affected individual and a brief note on its differential diagnosis
Authors: Veda Hegde  , Kaveri Hallikeri  , Venkatesh Anehosur
Published: January 2025

HIV/AIDS predisposes an individual to a variety of malignancies. Lymphomas constitute a group of neoplasm of which are derived from the basic cells of lymphoid tissue, lymphocytes and histiocytes in any of their developmental stages. Thus these neoplasms are closely related and difficult to diagnose based on the histopathology alone. To highlight the importance of immuno-histochemistry in lesions as in the present case and the varied differential diagnosis that is useful to arrive at a diagnosis. We report a case of plasmablastic neoplasm in a young female whose HIV status became apparent only after the histopathologic diagnosis. Oral lesion was the only presenting feature. The lesion was a very aggressive lesion. Diverse differential diagnosis has been illustrated with their specific features which can be valuable to achieve a diagnosis of a particular lymphoma. Although, the histopathology reveals predominantly plasmablasts, it is still not possible to give an accurate diagnosis based on microscopy alone. Thus such lesions have to be differentiated with the help of immuno-histochemistry.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i3.10762  
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(3) 2015 77-80
Screening of kidney disease in HIV infected hospitalised patients
Authors: Sanjeev Kumar  , Arvind Trivedi  , G. K. Aneja  , V Atam  , T.V.S. Arya  , Vandana  , Pradeep Kumar
Published: January 2025

Objectives: To study the renal disease in newly diagnosed HIV infected hospitalized patients and to look for possible correlation of CD4 count with prevalence of renal disease.
Materials and Methods: The prospective study was conducted in Department of Medicine/Endocrinology in tertiary care health center in western U.P during the study period of one year. The patients were evaluated clinically and biochemically after obtaining the informed consent.
Result: The study was conducted on 100 HIV/AIDS patients, out of which 68 (68%) were males and 32 (32%) females with a Highest incidence of HIV/AIDS (51%) in the age group of 25-35 years. Microalbuminuria was present in 20 (20%) HIV patients with majority (60%) being in the age group 25-35 years. Prevalence of microalbuminuria among males was 55% and among females 45%. Microalbuminuria was further evaluated by calculating the ratio of microalbumin to urinary creatinine, 83% patient had ratio >10 mg/mmol and 17% had this ratio <10 mg/mmol. The ratio of microalbumin to urinary creatinine >10 mg/mmol was 60% in age 25-35 year, 25% in the age group of 36-45 year followed by 15% in the age group of 45-55 year patients. Chi-square test was used to calculate the significance of the correlation between CD4 counts with the presence of microalbuminuria in HIV patients. There was a significant correlation between CD4 count <200/μL and presence of microalbuminuria (p =0006). Statistically significant proteinuria (30-300 mg/24 hour) was found in 15 patients with CD4 count <200/μL of those patients found positive for microalbuminuria. Protein/ creatinine ratio was <0.2 in 18 patients, 2 had ratio in the range of 0.2-3.5 and none in the nephrotic range (>3.5).
Conclusion: Study evaluation shows that there is statistically significant microalbuminuria in HIV/AIDS infected patients and this is more prevalent in patients with CD4 count <200/μL as compared to patients with CD4 count >200/μL in keeping with previous studies. The routine laboratory measurements like serum creatinine and proteinuria fail to recognize the patients with early renal involvement. In view of the high prevalence of renal dysfunction among hospitalized HIV infected patients, it is recommended to use microalbuminuria as routine screening tests in those who are HIV positive.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i3.11376  
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(3) 2015 58-62
Effect of coffee on blood pressure and electrocardiographic changes in nicotine users
Authors: Pradeep Kumar  , Dileep Kumar Verma  , Jagdish Narayan  , Preeti Kanawjia  , Archna Ghildiyal
Published: January 2025

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to see the effect of coffee on Heart rate Blood pressure and ECG changes in nicotine users.
Methods: The study was conducted on 120 volunteers aged 21-40 years and with body mass index (BMI) between 17.3-28.0 kg /m2 .The subjects were divided into two groups: Control (n=40) and Study group (n=80).
Results: Observation suggests that increment in blood pressure, recorded in study group after coffee ingestion, was lesser than that of control group.  We also observed that there were no significant changes in diastolic blood pressure in any group while the mean arterial pressure was higher in both the groups following coffee ingestion.
Conclusion: Coffee ingestion decreases the  heart rate   with no changes in QTc, hence we concluded that less amount of coffee ingestion may not be harmful.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i3.10090
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(3) 2015 46-48
Effects of Topical Honey Dressing in Decubitus Ulcer
Authors: S. Khadanga  , D. Dugar  , T. Karuna  , R. Khetri  , H. Tim  , S. Ghata  , P. K. Thatoi
Published: January 2025

Background: The medicinal properties of honey have been recognized since antiquity. Although used as an adjuvant method for accelerating wound healing from ancient times, honey has been sporadically used in the treatment of wounds. Many researchers have shown that honey exerts antibacterial activity against various organisms, including both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. This study was done to compare the effectiveness of honey and Povidone iodine in wound healing in Decubitus ulcers.
Material & Methods: We conducted a prospective hospital based study of 40 patients with bed sore. Patients were selected considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria.  20 patients (Group A) had honey dressing and another 20 patients (Group B) had Povidone iodine dressing. We compared the wound healing status and bacteriological profile between day 1 and day 10 in both the groups.
Result: The pain score decrement was significant in honey dressing group but the reduction in size of the wound was not significant. The bacteriological profile was more or less similar in both the groups. 
Conclusion: The antibacterial properties of honey, the cost effectiveness, easy availability, reduction in size of wound and more so the significant reduction in pain reveal that honey can be a safe, satisfying, cost effective topical dressing material for decubitus ulcers in general medical and surgical words.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i4.11616
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(4) 2015 99-101
CNS Complications of Systemic Malignancy amongst patients attending a Radiotherapy facility in Lagos
Authors: A.O. Popoola  , A.I. Igwilo  , O. Idowu  , K.K. Ketiku  , K.J.T. Duncan
Published: January 2025

Introduction:  The Central nervous system (CNS) is a frequent a site of relapse of systemic cancer. There are few data available in literature about the frequency and nature of symptomatic histopathological variants of secondary brain/spinal tumours drawn against the gender/age distribution in our environment.  
Objective: To study the frequency and manifestation of CNS involvement in patients with systemic cancer for a high index of suspicion so that practitioner will have highest index of suspicion to make early diagnosis and treatment in our environment.
Material and methods: A total of 119 patients with histological confirmed cases of cancer with secondaries to the CNS, were analysed for this study.  
Results: CNS metastasis were more common in female (67%) than male (33%) p=0.047. Spinal cord metastasis is the most common type of neurological manifestation (66.9%) with p=0.011. Breast (60.5%) and prostate (21%) were the most common site of primary tumour. Neurological manifestations were mostly associated with advanced Stage tumours (54.9%) (p=0.000). Approximately half of the cases, 56 (54.9%) were presented at late stage (4). Neurological manifestation occurred <6 months (43.1%) after initial diagnosis of the primary tumour. Spinal/radicular pain was the most prevalent among the patients (43%). CT scan/MRI Imaging in (52.6%) and mode of treatment was radiotherapy (99%) of patients.
Conclusion:  Even though therapy is largely palliative, research should focus on enhancing the efficacy of whole brain radiotherapy and invest in the biosynthesis of synergistic new systemic agents that could also cross the BBB.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i4.11805
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(4) 2015 55-60
Excessive crying due to erupting neonatal tooth: A case report
Authors: Monojit Mondal  , Biswajit Biswas  , Atanu Roy  , Prashanth Kumar  , Sayan Bose  , Tanmoy Biswas  , Nayan Banerji  , Kriti Sundar Rana
Published: January 2025

Tooth eruption normally starts from 6 months of age. Teeth that appear at birth are called natal teeth, whereas, teeth that erupt during the first month of life are called neonatal teeth. Both are uncommon, with the ratio of natal to neonatal is 3:1. Presence of neonatal teeth may lead to complication in mother like painful bitten or bleeding nipples or it may cause complications in babies like difficulty in feeding, pain/distress due to erupting tooth, swallowing of the tooth, repeated trauma to the tip or undersurface of the tongue resulting in Riga-Fede ulceration and rarely aspiration. We are presenting a 15-day-old male baby who admitted at our hospital primarily with excessive crying and poor feeding and on a thorough physical examination revealed an erupting neonatal tooth. Other causes of excessive crying have been excluded.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i4.11241
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(4) 2015 87-88
New enterant in the class of uropathogens-Shewanella algae
Authors: K Ostwal  , P Shah  , S Pathak  , A Jadhav  , N Shaikh
Published: January 2025

A 70 year old diabetic male presented with fever, urgency of micturition, oliguria, swelling over both legs. His midstream urine sample was sent for microbiological examination and it revealed Shewanella algae. Patient was treated with antibiotics and he recovered completely after treatment.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i4.11503
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(4) 2015 92-95
Newer initiatives in revised national tuberculosis control programme and its current implementation status
Authors: Vishal Soyam  , Pallavi Boro
Published: January 2025

The Revised National Tuberculosis Control programme has continuously innovative and progressive in addressing issues related to Tuberculosis control in India. With the implementation of RNTCP, India has taken huge stride in reduction of mortality and morbidity due to TB. The programme has actively incorporated various new ideas, innovations and information communication technology to curb this menace. These newer initiatives provide unprecedented opportunities to control Tuberculosis more efficiently if it implemented effectively. India has made enormous progress towards TB control through their honest effort. Innovations will effectively leverage India’s endeavour. Programme must continue and sustain these efforts to make India TB free.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i5.11945
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(5) 2015 1-8
Pulmonary dysfunction in children with beta thalassemia major in relation with iron overload - a cross sectional hospital based study
Authors: A Boddu  , A Kumble  , S Mahalingam  , BS Baliga  , B Achappa
Published: January 2025

Background: Previously many patients with thalassemia major died from severe anemia during first decade, but with modern transfusion therapy many now survive beyond childhood. Because of such therapy, however excessive iron deposition occurs in lungs and causing respiratory dysfunction. Respiratory impairment occurs because of defective chelation and repeated transfusions.
Objectives: To a) study pattern of respiratory impairment using spirometry, b) estimate iron overload by measuring serum ferritin levels, c) correlate a&b.
Methodology:Thalassemia children >7year, on regular blood transfusion were included in the study after getting institutional ethical clearance .Standardised pulmonary function test was done using spirometry. Iron overload was assessed using serum ferritin levels. Severity of pulmonary dysfunction was correlated with serum ferritin levels.
Results:Total of 42 children were included 62% were males and 38% were females (with median age 12yrs). By spirometry 95% had restrictive pattern of respiratory dysfunction. Mean ferritin value was 4152. Out of them10 (23.8%) mild, 25(59%) moderate and 5(12%) severe dysfunction based on FEV1 and FVC. The mean ferritin values in severe respiratory dysfunction is 6275 which is significantly higher when compared to moderate (4249) and mild (3066) pattern of respiratory dysfunction. None of the children had evidence of CCF. Significant correlation (p value=0.003) was found between severity of pulmonary dysfunction with ferritin values and also with weight of the child (p value=0.007). No other significant correlation found between severity pattern and transfusion index, age or height.
Conclusion:Restrictive pattern is most common pulmonary dysfunction seen in chronic iron overloaded thalassemia major children. Regular blood transfusions with adequate chelation decrease incidence of pulmonary dysfunction. Screening of all thalassemia children using spirometry is need of the hour.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i5.11782
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(5) 2015 47-50
Guillain–Barre´ syndrome with bilateral facial palsy with incidental arachnoid cyst
Authors: Monojit Mondal  , Biswajit Biswas  , Atanu Roy  , Rajib Das  , Taraknath Ghosh  , Kanai Lal Barik  , Kaustav Nayek  , Asok Kumar Datta
Published: January 2025

This case report describes the findings of a 10-year-old female child admitted with fever and headache for 3 days along with several episodes of vomiting and generalized seizures for 1 day. She regained consciousness 50 minutes after admission with initial treatment, but developed muscle weakness, followed by tetraplegia with areflexia, bilateral facial palsy and respiratory insufficiency. The nerve conduction study (NCV) had evidence of demyelinating neuropathy and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) showed albumin-cytological dissociation. These neurologic findings were consistent with the diagnosis of Guillain-Barré syndrome. The patient was treated with immunoglobulin and other supportive cares. Mechanical ventilation was started on day 3 of hospital admission in face of respiratory insuficiency. Recovery, however, was relatively quick and extubation was possible on 6th day. Work up for CNS infection was non-contributory. MRI of brain done during the course, revealed an archnoid cyst in right temporal region which might have contributed to the episode of unconsciousneess, vomiting and convulsion. After two weeks of hospitalization the patient was discharged from the hospital on wheel chair with satisfectory improvement of powers of facial and limb muscles. When the patient was seen at the outpatient department four weeks after hospital discharge, she was able to walk with help with normal facial nerve function on both sides. G B syndrome presenting like meningitis; bilateral facial palsy; and co-presence of an archnoid cyst makes this case worth sharing.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i5.11627
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(5) 2015 71-74
An unusual case of penetrating head injury following road traffic accident
Authors: Mithilesh Kumar Pandey  , Kaushik Roy  , Gaurab Chaudhuri  , Suniti Kumar Saha
Published: January 2025

A 35 year old male was presented with discharging sinus at left frontozygomatic region with trismus for last 1 month. The patient had a past history of penetrating trauma in the vicinity of the left frontozygomatic area following road traffic accident 6 months back. 3D-CT skull was showed a linear dense radiolucent foreign body obliquely placed in the left temporal and infratemporal fossa. Trismus due to trauma usually follows road accidents leading to massive faciomaxillary injury.  But in this case an initial minor penetrating injury was presented trismus in delayed fashion.  The aero digestive tract is the commonest site involved in foreign body lodgement in head and neck region. However the lodgement of foreign-body in an area of infratemporal fossa with unusual symptoms of trismus is quite rare and only few cases have been reported in the literature so far following a road traffic accident.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i5.12329
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(5) 2015 75-77
Bilateral lateral rotation of the kidneys with their hilum facing laterally (outwards) - Rare anatomical variations
Authors: Vinu Gopinath  , RV Mookambika  , Velayudhan Nair  , Rema V Nair  , KG Mohandas Rao
Published: January 2025

Among the variations of the renal system, abnormalities of structure and position of kidney along with the variations of renal vessels are reported most frequently. However, reports on rotational abnormalities and abnormal positions of renal hilum are scanty. During routine dissection of the posterior abdominal wall, laterally rotated kidneys with laterally facing hila were observed in about 60-year-old male cadaver. On right side, the hilum was more on the anterior surface of the organ and right renal vein was emerging almost from the middle of the anterior surface at the lateral edge of the hilum. However, the hilum of the left kidney was observed along the lateral border of the organ and left renal artery was crossing transversely anterior to the kidney forming a loop to reach the hilum. It was also observed that because of the lateral position of the hilum, the renal vessels and pelvis where passing over the anterior surface of the kidney. Rotational variations and abnormal locations of renal hilum are of importance in surgical procedures like percutaneous nephrectomy. Further clinical and surgical importance of the case is discussed in the paper.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i5.12414
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(5) 2015 82-84
The diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary valve stenosis in children
Authors: Yadav Shiv Kumar
Published: January 2025

Pulmonary valve stenosis (PS) is a common congenital heart disease, its early diagnosis and treatment can improve growth and prognosis in children with pulmonary valve stenosis. With the development of the diagnostics and treatment, percutaneous balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty (PBPV) has replaced surgery as the first choice for isolated pulmonary valve stenosis. The article reviews the recent progress in diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary valve stenosis.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i6.12017
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(6) 2015 1-5
Role of depression and its associating factors in indoor orthopaedic patients
Authors: Ravikant Jain  , Rahul Rishi  , Balkishan Sharma  , Vivek Kiyawat
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives: Depression has acknowledged and well documented, is common among orthopaedic inpatients may be associated with functional outcomes. Authors aimed to investigate the role, prevalence and associating factors of depression disorder in orthopaedic inpatients.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study is designed among patients that admitted at SAIMS, Indore. Four hundred twenty six orthopedic patients were recruited for study. The demographic and clinical measurements were recorded. Levels of depression were assessed by using Zung’s depression scale.
Results: Depressive disorder was identified in 87.6% indoor patients significantly (p<0.001) influenced female more than male. The mean depression score in female (67.37±11.75) was significantly higher than male (62.29±12.20). The prevalence of extreme/major depression in female (46.6%) was higher as compared to male (25.7%). Type of trauma was found significantly (p<0.05) associated with depressive disorder. 38.1% male with traumatic condition and 20.0% with non-traumatic condition had moderate depression in comparison to 31.4% and 13.6% female. Depressive disorder was found significantly associated with sex (p<0.001), socio-economic status (p<0.001), length of ortho-illness (p<0.001), length of stay in hospital (p<0.001), exercise/yoga (p<0.05) and type of injury (p<0.05).
Conclusions: Higher incidence of depressive disorder recorded in female. Prevention and treatment require more clinical and research attention to reduce the public health burden of depression. The study suggested that higher depressive disorder does occur in indoor orthopaedic patients that associated with various functional outcomes. This study supports the view of depressive disorder was disabling factor in better functional recovery and frequent in female after orthopedic trauma.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i6.12478
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(6) 2015 70-76
Prevalence of Syphilis among People living with HIV (PLHIV) attending a tertiary care hospital in coastal south India
Authors: Deepak Madi  , Achappa Basavaprabhu , Poonam Vernakar  , Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran  , John T Ramapuram  , Soundarya Mahalingam
Published: January 2025

Background: Syphilis and HIV are both transmitted sexually so people can be infected with both diseases. Co-infection of syphilis and HIV alters the course of both the diseases. Venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) test is a non-treponemal test, used commonly in Antiretroviral Therapy Centres (ART) in India to detect syphilis. The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of syphilis in HIV-infected patients attending a tertiary care hospital using VDRL test.
Materials and Methods: Using a cross-sectional study design 113 HIV positive patients were included. VDRL test was used to screen for syphilis. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS version 11.5.
Results: Among the 113 patients screened 69(61%) were males and 44(39%) were females. Majority of the patients had acquired the disease through heterosexual transmission (92.9%). VDRL test was negative in all 113 patients.
Conclusion: The seroprevalence of syphilis in coastal South India using VDRL is very less. Specific tests like Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody Absorption test (FTA-ABS) or Treponema pallidum hemagglutination Assay (TPHA) would be beneficial to detect asymptomatic syphilis in ART centers.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i6.11623 
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(6) 2015 77-79
An inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the urinary bladder in a young girl presenting as acute kidney injury due to obstructive uropathy
Authors: L Umesh  , SM Shivaprasad  , MR Niranjan  , MM Sathish Kumar  , V Leelavathi  , CG Sridhara
Published: January 2025

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) of the bladder is an uncommon benign tumor of the urinary bladder, which is of unknown neoplastic potential, characterized by spindle cell proliferation with characteristic fibro inflammatory and pseudosarcomatous appearance of mesenchymal origin. Myofibroblastic tumor, is also known as inflammatory pseudotumor or pseudosarcoma. Bladder location is very uncommon. We report a case of a young girl who presented with acute kidney injury due to obstructive uropathy. On evaluation found to have Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor at the base of the urinary bladder, which gradually improved with hemodialysis and successive urological interventions.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i6.12535
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(6) 2015 80-82
Vitamin D Supplementation: A Double Edged Sword
Authors: Amit Bhargava  , Sujeet Jha
Published: January 2025

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i6.12592
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(6) 2015 96