bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of a rice blast resistance gene Pita-Fuhui2663 and development of selection marker
Authors: He Niqing , Huang Fenghuang , Yu Mingxiang , Zhu Yebao , Li Qingshun Q. , Yang Dewei
Published: September 2022

Rice blast is a detrimental rice disease caused by the fungusMagnaporthe oryzae. Here, we identified a resistance gene from the rice cultivar Fuhui 2663 which is resistant to the rice blast isolate KJ201. Through isolated population analyses and sequencing approaches, the candidate gene was traced to chromosome 12. With the use of a map-based cloning strategy, the resistance gene was ultimately mapped to an 80-kb resistance locus region containing thePitagene. Candidate gene prediction and cDNA sequencing indicated that the target resistance gene in Fuhui 2663 was allelic toPita, thus being referred to asPita-Fuhui2663hereafter. Further analysis showed that the Fuhui 2663 protein had one amino acid change: Ala (A) residue 918 in Pita-Fuhui2663 was replaced by Ser (S) in Pita-S, leading to a significant change in the 3D structure of the Pita-S protein. CRISPR/Cas9 knockout experiments confirmed thatPita-Fuhui2663is responsible for the resistance phenotype of Fuhui 2663. Importantly,Pita-Fuhui2663did not affect the main agronomic traits of the variety compared to thePitagene as verified by knockout experiments, indicative of potential applications ofPita-Fuhui2663in broader breeding programs. Furthermore, aPita-Fuhui2663-dCAPSmolecular marker with good specificity and high efficiency was developed to facilitate rice breeding for resistance to this devastating disease.
A diselenobis-functionalized magnetic catalyst based on iron oxide/silica nanoparticles suggested for amidation reactions
Authors: Taheri-Ledari Reza , Qazi Fateme Sadat , Saeidirad Mahdi , Maleki Ali
Published: September 2022

In this study, a new heterogeneous magnetic catalytic system based on selenium-functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles is presented and suggested for facilitating amide/peptide bonds formation. The prepared nanocatalyst, entitled as “Fe3O4/SiO2-DSBA” (DSBA stands for 2,2′-diselanediylbis benzamide), has been precisely characterized for identifying its physicochemical properties. As the most brilliant point, the catalytic performance of the designed system can be mentioned, where only a small amount of Fe3O4/SiO2-DSBA (0.25 mol%) has resulted in 89% reaction yield, under a mild condition. Also, given high importance of green chemistry, convenient catalyst particles separation from the reaction medium through its paramagnetic property (ca. 30 emu·g−1) should be noticed. This particular property provided a substantial opportunity to recover the catalyst particles and successfully reuse them for at least three successive times. Moreover, due to showing other excellences, such as economic benefits and nontoxicity, the presented catalytic system is recommended to be scaled up and exploited in the industrial applications.
Dietary 7-ketocholesterol exacerbates myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury in mice through monocyte/macrophage-mediated inflammation
Authors: Uchikawa Tomoki , Matoba Tetsuya , Kawahara Takuro , Baba Isashi , Katsuki Shunsuke , Koga Jun-ichiro , Hashimoto Yu , Yamasaki Ryo , Ichi Ikuyo , Akita Hidetaka , Tsutsui Hiroyuki
Published: September 2022

Emerging evidence suggests that 7-ketocholesterol (7-KC), one of the most abundant dietary oxysterols, causes inflammation and cardiovascular diseases. Here we show the deteriorating effects of dietary 7-KC on myocardial ischemia–reperfusion (IR) injury and detailed the molecular mechanisms. A high-fat high-cholesterol diet containing 7-KC (7KWD) for 3 weeks increased the plasma 7-KC level compared with high-fat high-cholesterol diet in mice. In wild-type mice but not in CCR2−/− mice, dietary 7-KC increased the myocardial infarct size after IR. Flow cytometry revealed that the ratio of Ly-6Chigh inflammatory monocytes to total monocytes was increased in the 7KWD group. Unbiased RNA sequencing using murine primary macrophages revealed that 7-KC regulated the expression of transcripts related to inflammation and cholesterol biosynthesis. We further validated that in vitro, 7-KC induced endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, and nuclear factor-kappa B activation, which are associated with increased mRNA levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Administration of N-acetyl-l-cysteine or siRNA-mediated knockdown of PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase or endoplasmic reticulum oxidase 1α suppressed the levels of 7-KC-induced inflammation. Dietary 7-KC exacerbates myocardial IR injury through monocyte/macrophage-mediated inflammation. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress are involved in the 7-KC-induced proinflammatory response in macrophages.
Effect of MA01 rhamnolipid on cell viability and expression of quorum-sensing (QS) genes involved in biofilm formation by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Saadati Fatemeh , Shahryari Shahab , Sani Naeema Mohseni , Farajzadeh Davoud , Zahiri Hossein Shahbani , Vali Hojatollah , Noghabi Kambiz Akbari
Published: September 2022

A group of biosurfactants, called rhamnolipids, have been shown to have antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Here, we examined the effect of rhamnolipid biosurfactants extracted from Pseudomonas aeruginosa MA01 on cell growth/viability, biofilm formation, and membrane permeability of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ATCC6538 bacterial cells. The results obtained from flow cytometry analysis showed that by increasing the concentration of rhamnolipid from 30 to 120 mg/mL, the cell viability decreased by about 70%, and the cell membrane permeability increased by approximately 20%. In fact, increasing rhamnolipid concentration was directly related to cell membrane permeability and inversely related to cell survival. Microtiter plate biofilm assay and laser scanning confocal microscopy analysis revealed that rhamnolipid, at a concentration of 60 mg/mL, exerts a reducing effect on the biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus. Real-time PCR analysis for monitoring the relative changes in the expression of agrA, agrC, icaA, and icaD genes involved in biofilm formation and related to the quorum-sensing pathway after treatment with rhamnolipid indicated a reduced expression level of these genes, as well as sortase A gene. The results of the present study deepen our knowledge regarding the use of microbial natural products as promising candidates for therapeutic applications.
Study on natural frequency response characteristics of coal vibration excited by simple harmonic wave
Authors: Wen Zhihui , Zhang Libo , Wei Jianping , Wang Jianwei , Zhang Junzhao , Jia Yannan , Ren Yongjie
Published: September 2022

The natural frequency of coal is one of the important technical parameters for the application of the permeability enhancement technology of coal and rock forced vibration. Aiming at exploring the dominant frequency of the permeability enhancement technology of coal vibration excited by vibration wave, the model of coal vibration excited by simple harmonic wave (SHW) was constructed. Furthermore, considering the three main control parameters, i.e., excitation force, coal sample size and mechanical parameters, the response characteristics of coal vibration excited by SHW were simulated and calculated. The calculation results demonstrate that when the frequency of excitation force equals the natural frequency of coal, the vibration occurs and the peak values of response parameters all increase significantly. The peak acceleration response of coal increases with the increase of excitation force, whereas it decreases with the increase of coal size. Under the same SHW excitation force, the mechanical parameters of coal determine the vibration response characteristics of coal, and the natural frequency of coal is proportional to the elastic modulus. Finally, the variation law of natural frequency response characteristics of coal vibration excited by SHW was verified by the response experiment on coal vibration under SHW excitation and related test results. The research results can serve as a theoretical basis for the application of the permeability enhancement technology of coal vibration excited by vibration wave.
Construct a classification decision tree model to select the optimal equation for estimating glomerular filtration rate and estimate it more accurately
Authors: Fan Zhenliang , Yang Qiaorui , Xu Zhuohan , Sun Ke , Yang Mengfan , Yin Riping , Zhao Dongxue , Fan Junfen , Ma Hongzhen , Shen Yiwei , Xia Hong
Published: September 2022

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become a worldwide public health problem and accurate assessment of renal function in CKD patients is important for the treatment. Although the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) can accurately evaluate the renal function, the procedure of measurement is complicated. Therefore, endogenous markers are often chosen to estimate GFR indirectly. However, the accuracy of the equations for estimating GFR is not optimistic. To estimate GFR more precisely, we constructed a classification decision tree model to select the most befitting GFR estimation equation for CKD patients. By searching the HIS system of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University for all CKD patients who visited the hospital from December 1, 2018 to December 1, 2021 and underwent Gate’s method of 99mTc-DTPA renal dynamic imaging to detect GFR, we eventually collected 518 eligible subjects, who were randomly divided into a training set (70%, 362) and a test set (30%, 156). Then, we used the training set data to build a classification decision tree model that would choose the most accurate equation from the four equations of BIS-2, CKD-EPI(CysC), CKD-EPI(Cr-CysC) and Ruijin, and the equation was selected by the model to estimate GFR. Next, we utilized the test set data to verify our tree model, and compared the GFR estimated by the tree model with other 13 equations. Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Bland–Altman plot were used to evaluate the accuracy of the estimates by different methods. A classification decision tree model, including BSA, BMI, 24-hour Urine protein quantity, diabetic nephropathy, age and RASi, was eventually retrieved. In the test set, the RMSE and MAE of GFR estimated by the classification decision tree model were 12.2 and 8.5 respectively, which were lower than other GFR estimation equations. According to Bland–Altman plot of patients in the test set, the eGFR was calculated based on this model and had the smallest degree of variation. We applied the classification decision tree model to select an appropriate GFR estimation equation for CKD patients, and the final GFR estimation was based on the model selection results, which provided us with greater accuracy in GFR estimation.
Clinical report and predictors of sequelae of 319 cases of pediatric bacterial osteomyelitis
Authors: Krzysztofiak Andrzej , Roversi Marco , Musolino Antonio , Cirillo Marco , Toniolo Renato Maria , Mazza Osvaldo , Gargiullo Livia , Lancella Laura , Rossi Paolo , Villani Alberto ,   Collaborative Osteomyelitis Study Group, Barbuti Domenico , Bernardi Stefania , Bernaschi Paola , Biagiarelli Francesco , Boccuzzi Elena , Bozzola Elena , Carducci Francesca Ippolita Calò , Chiurchiù Sara , Crostelli Marco , Cursi Laura , De Luca Maia , Di Giuseppe Martina , De Benedetti Fabrizio , Deriu Daniele , Giordano Marco , Grandin Annalisa , Insalaco Antonella , Inzaghi Elena , Krzysztofiak Andrzej , Marchesi Alessandra , Marchili Maria Rosaria , Mirra Gianluca , Musolino Antonio , Natali Gian Luigi , Pansini Valeria , Pezzoli Massimo Fabio , Romani Lorenza , Aufiero Lelia Rotondi , Roversi Marco , De Iacobis Isabella Tarissi , Vittucci Anna Chiara
Published: September 2022

Pediatric osteomyelitis is an insidious disease that can lead to permanent sequelae, the management of which still relies on lengthy intravenous antibiotic therapy. The purpose of this study is to report and describe the clinical course and outcome of pediatric bacterial osteomyelitis in our experience. We reported the clinical, diagnostic, and treatment characteristics of all cases of osteomyelitis in children younger than 18 years of age who were hospitalized between January 2010 and December 2021 at the Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital in Rome, Italy, we compared patients with and without complications at follow-up, to identify any predictive factor for sequelae. The study sample included 319 cases of pediatric bacterial osteomyelitis. The median age was 7.77 years. Males (60.8%) were more affected than females. The most affected bones were the femur, tibia, and spine. Etiology was identified in 40.1% of cases, with S.aureus as the most common causative agent. Sequelae were reported in 43 cases (13.5%). The main predictors of sequelae were sepsis on admission and hypergammaglobulinemia. Our results show that a severe presentation with sepsis and hypergammaglobulinemia on admission may be associated with a higher frequency of late sequelae. Early recognition and aggressive treatment of this subgroup of patients may lead to a reduction in complications.
3D convolutional neural network for machining feature recognition with gradient-based visual explanations from 3D CAD models
Authors: Lee Jinwon , Lee Hyunoh , Mun Duhwan
Published: September 2022

In the manufacturing industry, all things related to a product manufactured are generated and managed with a three-dimensional (3D) computer-aided design (CAD) system. CAD models created in a 3D CAD system are represented as geometric and topological information for exchange between different CAD systems. Although 3D CAD models are easy to use for product design, it is not suitable for direct use in manufacturing since information on machining features is absent. This study proposes a novel deep learning model to recognize machining features from a 3D CAD model and detect feature areas using gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM). To train the deep learning networks, we construct a dataset consisting of single and multi-feature. Our networks comprised of 12 layers classified the machining features with high accuracy of 98.81% on generated datasets. In addition, we estimated the area of the machining feature by applying Grad-CAM to the trained model. The deep learning model for machining feature recognition can be utilized in various fields such as 3D model simplification, computer-aided engineering, mechanical part retrieval, and assembly component identification.
Differential pharmacological and sex-specific effects of antimuscarinic agents at the hypoglossal motor nucleus in vivo in rats
Authors: Niakani Sepehr , Liu Hattie , Liu Wen-Ying , Horner Richard L.
Published: September 2022

Successful cholinergic-noradrenergic pharmacotherapy for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is thought to be due to effects at the hypoglossal motor nucleus (HMN). Clinical efficacy varies with muscarinic-receptor (MR) subtype affinities. We hypothesized that oxybutynin (cholinergic agent in successful OSA pharmacotherapy) is an effective MR antagonist at the HMN and characterized its efficacy with other antagonists. We recorded tongue muscle activity of isoflurane anesthetized rats (121 males and 60 females, 7–13 per group across 13 protocols) in response to HMN microperfusion with MR antagonists with and without: (i) eserine-induced increased endogenous acetylcholine at the HMN and (ii) muscarine. Eserine-induced increased acetylcholine decreased tongue motor activity (p < 0.001) with lesser cholinergic suppression in females versus males (p = 0.017). Motor suppression was significantly attenuated by the MR antagonists atropine, oxybutynin, and omadacycline (MR2 antagonist), each p < 0.001, with similar residual activity between agents (p ≥ 0.089) suggesting similar efficacy at the HMN. Sex differences remained with atropine and oxybutynin (p < 0.001 to 0.05) but not omadacycline (p = 0.722). Muscarine at the HMN also decreased motor activity (p < 0.001) but this was not sex-specific (p = 0.849). These findings have translational relevance to antimuscarinic agents in OSA pharmacotherapy and understanding potential sex differences in HMN suppression with increased endogenous acetylcholine related to sparing nicotinic excitation.
Assessing related factors to fasting blood sugar and glycosylated hemoglobin in patients with type 2 diabetes simultaneously by a multivariate longitudinal marginal model
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Samaneh , Khatirnamani Zahra , Bakhshi Enayatollah , Heidari Alireza , Naghipour Arash
Published: September 2022

The multivariate marginal model can be used to simultaneously examine the factors affecting both FBS and HbA1c using longitudinal data. The model fitted to multivariate longitudinal data should prevent redundant parameter estimation in order to have greater efficiency. In this study, a multivariate marginal model is used to simultaneously investigate the factors affecting both FBS and HbA1c with longitudinal data for patients with type 2 diabetes in Northern Iran. The present research is a retrospective cohort study. Overall, 500 medical records with complete information were reviewed. The multivariate marginal model is used to determine the factors associated with FBS and HbA1c using longitudinal data. Data have been analyzed in R-3.4.0 using ‘mmm2’ package. Given that the coefficients for the interactions of rtype with the intercept, time, family history of diabetes, history of hypertension, history of smoking, insulin therapy, systolic/diastolic blood pressure and duration of disease at first visit are significantly different from zero (P < 0.05), the effect of the independent variables on the two response variables is different and different coefficients should be used for each. Therefore, the interactions of these variables with rtype are kept in the final model. The coefficients for the interactions of rtype with sex, age at first visit, history of high cholesterol, and weight are not significantly different from zero (P > 0.05), indicating that their effect on the two response variables is similar and only one coefficient should be used for each. We examined the similarity of coefficients when fitting the longitudinal multivariate model for the relationship between FBS/HbA1c and sex, age, history of high blood cholesterol, and body weight. If an independent variable has similar effects on both responses, only one coefficient should be estimated, which will increase the efficiency of the model and the reliability of the results.
Humanized liver TK-NOG mice with functional deletion of hepatic murine cytochrome P450s as a model for studying human drug metabolism
Authors: Uehara Shotaro , Iida Yuichi , Ida-Tanaka Miyuki , Goto Motohito , Kawai Kenji , Yamamoto Masafumi , Higuchi Yuichiro , Ito Satoshi , Takahashi Riichi , Kamimura Hidetaka , Ito Mamoru , Yamazaki Hiroshi , Oshimura Mitsuo , Kazuki Yasuhiro , Suemizu Hiroshi
Published: September 2022

Chimeric TK-NOG mice with a humanized liver (normal Hu-liver) are a unique animal model for predicting drug metabolism in humans. However, residual mouse hepatocytes occasionally prevent the precise evaluation of human drug metabolism. Herein, we developed a novel humanized liver TK-NOG mouse with a conditional knockout of liver-specific cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR cKO Hu-liver). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed only a few POR-expressing cells around the portal vein in POR cKO mouse livers. NADPH-cytochrome c reductase and cytochrome P450 (P450)-mediated drug oxidation activity in liver microsomes from POR cKO mice was negligible. After the intravenous administration of S-warfarin, high circulating and urinary levels of S-7-hydroxywarfarin (a major human metabolite) were observed in POR cKO Hu-liver mice. Notably, the circulating and urinary levels of S-4′-hydroxywarfarin (a major warfarin metabolite in mice) were much lower in POR cKO Hu-liver mice than in normal Hu-liver mice. POR cKO Hu-liver mice with minimal interference from mouse hepatic P450 oxidation activity are a valuable model for predicting human drug metabolism.
Visualizing novel connections and genetic similarities across diseases using a network-medicine based approach
Authors: Ferolito Brian , do Valle Italo Faria , Gerlovin Hanna , Costa Lauren , Casas Juan P. , Gaziano J. Michael , Gagnon David R. , Begoli Edmon , Barabási Albert-László , Cho Kelly
Published: September 2022

Understanding the genetic relationships between human disorders could lead to better treatment and prevention strategies, especially for individuals with multiple comorbidities. A common resource for studying genetic-disease relationships is the GWAS Catalog, a large and well curated repository of SNP-trait associations from various studies and populations. Some of these populations are contained within mega-biobanks such as the Million Veteran Program (MVP), which has enabled the genetic classification of several diseases in a large well-characterized and heterogeneous population. Here we aim to provide a network of the genetic relationships among diseases and to demonstrate the utility of quantifying the extent to which a given resource such as MVP has contributed to the discovery of such relations. We use a network-based approach to evaluate shared variants among thousands of traits in the GWAS Catalog repository. Our results indicate many more novel disease relationships that did not exist in early studies and demonstrate that the network can reveal clusters of diseases mechanistically related. Finally, we show novel disease connections that emerge when MVP data is included, highlighting methodology that can be used to indicate the contributions of a given biobank.
Wearable flexible body matched electromagnetic sensors for personalized non-invasive glucose monitoring
Authors: Hanna Jessica , Tawk Youssef , Azar Sami , Ramadan Ali H. , Dia Batoul , Shamieh Elias , Zoghbi Sumaya , Kanj Rouwaida , Costantine Joseph , Eid Assaad A.
Published: September 2022

This work introduces novel body-matched, vasculature-inspired, quasi-antenna-arrays that act as electromagnetic sensors to instantaneously, continuously, and wirelessly sense glucose variations in the bloodstream. The proposed sensors are personalized, leverage electromagnetic waves, and are coupled with a custom machine-learning-based signal-processing module. These sensors are flexible, and embedded in wearable garments such as socks, which provide conformity to curved skin surfaces and movement resilience. The entire wearable system is calibrated against temperature, humidity, and movement resulting in high accuracy in glucose variations tracking. In-Vivo experiments on diabetic rats and pigs exhibit a 100% diagnostic accuracy over a wide range of glucose variations. Human trials on patients with diabetes and healthy individuals reveal a clinical accuracy of continuous glucose monitoring of 99.01% in twenty-eight subjects who underwent Oral Glucose Tolerance Tests. Hence, our approach ensures the continuous tracking of glucose variations from hypo-to-hyper glycemic levels with great fidelity.
Bacterial communities of the oviduct of turkeys
Authors: Kursa Olimpia , Tomczyk Grzegorz , Sawicka-Durkalec Anna , Adamska Karolina
Published: September 2022

Bacterial communities in the reproductive tract of avian species play an important role in keeping birds healthy and encouraging growth. Infection can occur during egg formation with pathogens that can be transmitted to the embryo. In this study, we investigated the bacterial composition in the turkey reproductive tract using a taxa identification based on the amplicon sequence of the V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. The microbial composition and relative abundance of bacteria differed between individual birds. Among the 19 phyla detected in turkey oviduct were unique taxa like Planctomycetes or Petescibacteria. Differences in composition of bacterial diversity were found at the family and genus level. Oviducts contained also several genus with well-recognized avian pathogens like Escherichia-Shigella, Enterococcus, Staphylococcus, and Ornithobacterium. Some of the bacteria described in this study have not been so far identified in turkeys. The objective of this study was to identify bacterial communities in the turkey oviduct and compared the composition of the oviduct with that in chickens broadening the knowledge of the microbial composition in the reproductive tract of poultry.
The shrunk genetic diversity of coral populations in North-Central Patagonia calls for management and conservation plans for marine resources
Authors: Addamo Anna Maria , Zaccara Serena , Häussermann Vreni , Höfer Juan , Försterra Günter , García-Jiménez Ricardo , Crosa Giuseppe , Machordom Annie
Published: September 2022

The Chilean Patagonia is a complex puzzle of numerous fjords, channels, bays, estuaries, and islands. The largest part of it is very remote, hampering the generation of scientific knowledge and effective management planning that could balance conservation of the marine resources with the increasing development of aquaculture activities. The present study focuses on the deep-water emergent cold-water coral Desmophyllum dianthus, dwelling in Chilean Patagonia, with the aim to illustrate its population genetic structure, demography and adaptation of the species along this coast. Microsatellite loci analysis included D. dianthus individuals from twelve sampling localities along bathymetric and oceanographic gradients from the latitude 40°S to 48°S. The results showed a lack of genetic structure with an asymmetric dispersion of individuals, and relevant heterozygosity deficiency in some populations. This study also analyses the natural and human impacts affecting the region (e.g., climate change, increasing salmon farming activities), and stresses the importance of including genetic information in the process of management and conservation of marine resources. In particular, the relevance of using interdisciplinary approaches to fill the gaps in scientific knowledge especially in remote and pristine areas of western Patagonia. Therefore, information on genetic spatial distribution of marine fauna could become pivotal to develop a holistic ecosystem-based approach for marine spatial planning.
Temporal binding of social events less pronounced in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Vogel David H. V. , Jording Mathis , Esser Carolin , Conrad Amelie , Weiss Peter H. , Vogeley Kai
Published: September 2022

Differences in predictive processing are considered amongst the prime candidates for mechanisms underlying different symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A particularly valuable paradigm to investigate these processes is temporal binding (TB) assessed through time estimation tasks. In this study, we report on two separate experiments using a TB task designed to assess the influence of top-down social information on action event related TB. Both experiments were performed with a group of individuals diagnosed with ASD and a matched group without ASD. The results replicate earlier findings on a pronounced social hyperbinding for social action-event sequences and extend them to persons with ASD. Hyperbinding however, is less pronounced in the group with ASD as compared to the group without ASD. We interpret our results as indicative of a reduced predictive processing during social interaction. This reduction most likely results from differences in the integration of top-down social information into action-event monitoring. We speculate that this corresponds to differences in mentalizing processes in ASD.
Frequency of functional exonic single-nucleotide polymorphisms and haplotype distribution in the SLCO1B1 gene across genetic ancestry groups in the Qatari population
Authors: Dashti Mohammed , Al-Matrouk Abdullah , Channanath Arshad , Al-Mulla Fahd , Thanaraj Thangavel Alphonse
Published: September 2022

Organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATP), which are encoded by SLCO genes, participate in the hepatic elimination of drugs and xenobiotics. SLCO1B1 is an important pharmacogenomic gene (encoding OATP1B1) associated with response to the uptake of endogenous compounds, such as statin and bilirubin. Ethnicity of the patient modulates the response to these drugs; the frequency and haplotype data for SLCO1B1 genetic variants in the Arab population is lacking. Therefore, we determined the frequencies of two well-characterized SLCO1B1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and haplotypes that affect the OATP1B1 drugs transportation activity in Qatari population. Genotyping data for two SLCO1B1 SNPs (c.388A > G, c.521 T > C) were extracted from whole exome data of 1050 Qatari individuals, who were divided into three ancestry groups, namely Bedouins, Persians/South Asians, and Africans. By way of using Fisher's exact and Chi-square tests, we evaluated the differences in minor allele frequency (MAF) of the two functional SNPs and haplotype frequencies (HF) among the three ancestry groups. The OATP1B1 phenotypes were assigned according to their function by following the guidelines from the Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium for SLCO1B1 and Simvastatin-Induced Myopathy.The MAF of SLCO1B1:c.388A > G was higher compared to that of SLCO1B1:c.521 T > C in the study cohort. It was significantly high in the African ancestry group compared with the other two groups, whereas SLCO1B1:c.521 T > C was significantly low in the African ancestry group compared with the other two groups. The SLCO1B1 *15 haplotype had the highest HF, followed by *1b, *1a, and *5. Only the SLCO1B1 *5 haplotype showed no significant difference in frequency across the three ancestry groups. Furthermore, we observed that the OATP1B1 normal function phenotype accounted for 58% of the Qatari individuals, the intermediate function phenotype accounted for 35% with significant differences across the ancestry groups, and the low function phenotype accounted for 6% of the total Qatari individuals with a higher trend observed in the Bedouin group.The results indicate that the phenotype frequencies of the OATP1B1 intermediate and low function in the Qatari population appear at the higher end of the frequency range seen worldwide. Thus, a pharmacogenetic screening program for SLCO1B1 variants may be necessary for the Qatari population.
Insect pest management with sex pheromone precursors from engineered oilseed plants
Authors: Wang Hong-Lei , Ding Bao-Jian , Dai Jian-Qing , Nazarenus Tara J. , Borges Rafael , Mafra-Neto Agenor , Cahoon Edgar B. , Hofvander Per , Stymne Sten , Löfstedt Christer
Published: September 2022

Pheromones have become an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional insecticides for pest control. Most current pheromone-based pest control products target lepidopteran pests of high-value crops, as today’s manufacturing processes cannot yet produce pheromones at low enough costs to enable their use for lower-value crops, especially commodity crops.Camelina sativaseeds genetically modified to express (Z)-11-hexadecenoic acid, a sex pheromone precursor of several moth species, provided the oil from which the precursor was isolated, purified and transformed into the final pheromone. Trap lures containing this pheromone were then assessed for their capacity to manage moth pests in the field. Plant-derived pheromone lures proved equally effective as synthetic pheromone lures in monitoring the diamondback moth,Plutella xylostella, in cabbage and disrupting mating of cotton bollworm,Helicoverpa armigera, in common bean fields. Our study demonstrates the biological efficacy and economic feasibility of pheromone production in plant factories by metabolic engineering of an oilseed crop.
Detection of catechins using a fluorescent molecule and its application toward the evaluation of astringent intensity
Authors: Hayashi Nobuyuki , Ujihara Tomomi , Jin Shigeki
Published: September 2022

It is possible to estimate astringent intensities of catechin solutions based on changes in the intensity of fluorescence emission.
Applications of metal–phenolic networks in nanomedicine: a review
Authors: Wang Hanchi , Wang Dongyang , Yu Jize , Zhang Yidi , Zhou Yanmin
Published: September 2022

In this paper, the assembly process and the material properties of MPNs are discussed, and the application scope and prospect of MPNs are clarified. This paper provides new ideas for the construction of nanoplatforms for therapeutics and diagnostics.
Asymmetric assembly of pyrazole and 1,2,3-triazole with a methylene bridge: regioisomerism and energetic properties
Authors: Xiong Jin , Cai Jinxiong , Lai Qi , Yin Ping , Pang Siping
Published: September 2022

An asymmetric N-bridged strategy was employed to link two different energetic building blocks.
Light-mediated multi-target protein degradation using arylazopyrazole photoswitchable PROTACs (AP-PROTACs)
Authors: Zhang Qisi , Kounde Cyrille S. , Mondal Milon , Greenfield Jake L. , Baker Jennifer R. , Kotelnikov Sergei , Ignatov Mikhail , Tinworth Christopher P. , Zhang Leran , Conole Daniel , De Vita Elena , Kozakov Dima , McCluskey Adam , Harling John D. , Fuchter Matthew J. , Tate Edward W.
Published: September 2022

A new class of arylazopyrazole photoswitchable PROTACs (AP-PROTACs) enables light-triggered degradation of a specific ensemble of protein kinases.
Selective detection of carboxylesterase 2 activity in cancer cells using an activity-based chemiluminescent probe
Authors: Ozsan Cagri , Kailass Karishma , Digby Elyse M. , Almammadov Toghrul , Beharry Andrew A. , Kolemen Safacan
Published: September 2022

A dioxetane-based chemiluminescent probe (CL-CES2), which can monitor endogenous carboxylesterase 2 (CES2) activity in different cancer cells was reported.
Bioinspired peptide stapling generates stable enzyme inhibitors
Authors: Morewood Richard , Nitsche Christoph
Published: September 2022

A novel bioinspired and biocompatible peptide-stapling strategy is presented, allowing access to a totally new class of macrocyclic peptides.
Photo-labile BODIPY protecting groups for glycan synthesis
Authors: Leichnitz Sabrina , Dissanayake Komadhie C. , Winter Arthur H. , Seeberger Peter H.
Published: September 2022

BODIPY protecting groups bearing a boron difluoride unit are stable during glycosylations and can be cleaved with green light as illustrated by the assembly of a trisaccharide.
An endoperoxide-containing covalent organic framework as a singlet oxygen reservoir for cancer therapy
Authors: Lu Fei , Pan Limeng , Wu Tong , Pan Wei , Gao Wen , Li Na , Tang Bo
Published: September 2022

An endoperoxide-containing COF was constructed to deliver extracellular singlet oxygen into cancer cells to realize light- and oxygen-independent oxidative damage for cancer therapy.
Construction of spirocyclic oxindole derivatives by copper-catalyzed enantioselective Michael/hemiketalization in aqueous media
Authors: Li Ning , Lu Wenjing , Gu Weizhi , Li Kuiliang , Li Jindong , Lu Yangmian , Zha Zhenggen , Wang Zhiyong
Published: September 2022

An asymmetric Michael/hemiketalization reaction between isatin-derived β,γ-unsaturated α-ketoesters and 4-hydroxycoumarins was developed in aqueous media.
Self-assemblies with cascade effect to boost antitumor systemic immunotherapy
Authors: Li Ruipeng , Zhao Xiaoyu , Wang Yunxia , Guo Chenhao , Wang Zhijun , Feng Liheng
Published: September 2022

A three-pronged and cascade strategy of energy expenditure, nitric oxide release, and immune activation based on self-assembled nanovesicles for boosting antitumor therapy.
Highlights from Faraday discussion 232: Peptide–membrane interactions, 8th–10th September 2021 (online)
Authors: Pal Sreetama
Published: September 2022

The Faraday discussion meeting on peptide–membrane interactions provided an excellent platform to scientists across the world for a lively deep dive into exciting breakthroughs and open questions in membrane biophysics and biology.
Surface modification with lithium silicate to enhance the electrochemical performance of high-valence metal oxide compound MnTeMoO6
Authors: Zhao Xiangyan , Li Bo , Zhuang Ji , Liu Chao , Zhu He , Xue Ni , Xue Mei , Wang Lei , Tao Xutang
Published: September 2022

MnTeMoO6@Li2SiO3composite electrodes exhibit enhanced electrochemical performance with lower activation energy.
First-principles investigation of in-plane anisotropies in XYTe4 monolayers with X = Hf, Zr, Ti and Y = Si, Ge
Authors: Xu Degao , Tan Jianing , Hu Huamin , Ouyang Gang
Published: September 2022

In-plane anisotropic properties and anisotropy ratios in a family of isostructural telluride XYTe4 (X = Hf, Zr and Ti, Y= Si and Ge) monolayers are shown.
Tris(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)phosphine – a Lewis base able to compete with phosphazene bases in catalysing oxa-Michael reactions
Authors: Fischer Susanne M. , Kaschnitz Petra , Slugovc Christian
Published: September 2022

The performance of the fairly airstable and commercially available “Lewis base beast” TTMPP in catalysing oxa-Michael reactions and the control of its activity by dilution and solvent choice are disclosed.
Short electrochemical asymmetric synthesis of (+)-N-acetylcolchinol
Authors: Du Yi , Lunga Adelaide , Rubtsov Aleksandr E. , Malkov Andrei V.
Published: September 2022

A short synthesis of N-acetylcolchinol using a greener pathway is reported where all the redox steps, except for the asymmetric reduction, were carried out electrochemically, replacing protocols that employ stoichiometric hazardous reagents.
Turning waste into wealth: efficient and rapid capture of gold from electronic waste with a thiourea functionalised magnetic core stirring rod adsorbent and its application for heterogeneous catalysis
Authors: Li Hao , Pan Yang , Wu Fan , Zhou Yingying , Pan Jianming
Published: September 2022

A sustainable and recycling strategy for the disposal of e-waste with a magnetic core stirring rod adsorbent.
High precision TIMS measurements of stable Sr isotopes (δ88/86Sr) of standards with different matrices and depth bound seawater samples from the Bay of Bengal using a new 87Sr–84Sr double-spike
Authors: Ganguly Sourav , Chakrabarti Ramananda
Published: September 2022

High precision δ88/86Sr data for depth bound samples from the Bay of Bengal, obtained using an 87Sr–84Sr double spike-TIMS technique, are invariant and overlap with global seawater data.
Excitation modalities for enhanced micro and nanoparticle imaging in a smartphone coupled 3D printed fluorescent microscope
Authors: Sami Muhammad A. , Tayyab Muhammad , Hassan Umer
Published: September 2022

Representative figures depicting the design of parallel, perpendicular, and oblique excitation modalities for smartphone fluorescent microscopes (SFM).
Theoretical study on the reaction mechanism of Si2Cl6 and HCl catalyzed by amine catalysts
Authors: Zhang Na , Zheng Qing , Wang Yi , Wang Danqi , Peng Wencai , Zhang Jianshu , Zhang Jinli , Liu Jichang
Published: September 2022

The study of this reaction is of great significance to the treatment of by-products in the polysilicon industry.
Six new triterpenoids with anti-inflammatory activity from Gypsophila oldhamiana
Authors: Sun Haoyi , Zhao Tingting , Liu Lei , Mu Xiaodong , Sun Jingyong
Published: September 2022

The roots of Gypsophila oldhamiana Miq. (Caryophyllaceae) have been used as a traditional Chinese medicine to treat fever, consumptive disease, infantile malnutrition and so on.
Electropolymerization reaction-driven 2,6-naphthalenediamine monomers to a multilayered sheet structure for ultralong cycling aqueous zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Xie Yishun , Su Weilong , Hu Qiong , Lai Feiyan , Yan Zhixiong , Huang Guobao , Lu Shaorong , Zhang Xiaohui
Published: September 2022

2,6-NAPD monomers are used as cathode materials and electropolymerized into multilayered sheets after ultralong cycling in aqueous zinc-ion batteries.
Presence of the irregular oxidation state of Bi4+ and single-element white emission in YAl3(BO3)4:Bi
Authors: Yang Shuai , Dai Yannan , Tan Jiwei , Zhao Qingbiao
Published: September 2022

The coexistence of Bi3+ and Bi4+ leads to white emssion in YAl3(BO3)4:Bi phosphor upon UV exitation.
Quasi-water layer sandwiched between hexagonal ice and wall and its influences on the ice tensile stress
Authors: Sun Qiangqiang , Xiao Dandan , Zhang Wenqiang , Mao Xuerui
Published: September 2022

The thickness of the quasi-water layer and ice tensile stress are computed on the wall with various wettability and temperature by employing molecular dynamics simulation.
Mesoporous organosilicas with thiol functionalised pores: multifunctional dendrimers as sacrificial building block and template
Authors: Laird Mathilde , Herrmann Niklas , Carcel Carole , Trens Philippe , Oliviero Erwan , Toquer Guillaume , Le Parc Rozenn , Bantignies Jean-Louis , Bartlett John R. , Wong Chi Man Michel
Published: September 2022

Multifunctional PAMAM dendrimers are used as cleavable templates in silsesquioxane hybrids to generate tailored pores with functional pendant groups.
Redox-controlled conductance of polyoxometalate molecular junctions
Authors: Huez Cécile , Guérin David , Lenfant Stéphane , Volatron Florence , Calame Michel , Perrin Mickael L. , Proust Anna , Vuillaume Dominique
Published: September 2022

We demonstrate the reversible in situ photoreduction of molecular junctions of a phosphomolybdate [PMo12O40]3− monolayer self-assembled on flat gold electrodes, connected by the tip of a conductive atomic force microscope.
Regioselective synthetic approach for key precursors of 6-arylbenzo[c]phenanthridin-10-ol derivatives: a useful compound for selective chromogenic recognition of fluoride
Authors: Yashmin Sabina , Mondal Santa , Das Riyanka , Banerjee Priyabrata , Khan Abu Taleb
Published: September 2022

A regioselective synthetic protocol of the precursor 6-aryl-8,9-dihydrobenzo[c]phenanthridine-10(7H)one (4) of 6-arylbenzo[c]phenanthridine-10-ol derivatives, with a colorimetric chemosensing study of 4s, 4u, 4x and 4z.
A sensitive zinc probe operatingviaenhancement of excited-state intramolecular charge transfer
Authors: Kumar G. Dinesh , Banasiewicz Marzena , Wrzosek Antoni , O'Mari Omar , Zochowska Monika , Vullev Valentine I. , Jacquemin Denis , Szewczyk Adam , Gryko Daniel T.
Published: September 2022

Direct bridging of a coordination unit and diketopyrrolopyrrole enables Zn2+detectionviaa bathochromic shift in fluorescence accompanied by an increase in emission intensity.
A Ce-MOF as an alkaline phosphatase mimic: Ce-OH2 sites in catalytic dephosphorylation
Authors: Bhattacharjee Sudip , Chakraborty Tonmoy , Bhaumik Asim
Published: September 2022

For the first time, a metal–organic framework (Ce-MOF) bearing a Ce–OH2–Ce motif was used to mimic the active sites of alkaline phosphatase.
Anti-diabetic activities of phenolic compounds of Alternaria sp., an endophyte isolated from the leaves of desert plants growing in Egypt
Authors: Elbermawi Ahmed , Ali Ahmed R. , Amen Yhiya , Ashour Ahmed , Ahmad Kadria F. , Mansour El-Sayed S. , Halim Ahmed F.
Published: September 2022

Six phenolic compounds were isolated from the solid rice culture media of Alternaria sp., an endophyte isolated from the leaves of three desert plants, Lycium schweinfurthii Dammer (Solanaceae), Pancratium maritimum L. (Amaryllidaceae) and Cynanchum acutum L. (Apocynaceae).
A simple synthesis of surfactant-free polycrystalline CuO nanoparticles supported on carbon nanofibers for regioselective hydroboration of alkynes
Authors: Mohan Balaji , Oh Kyung Hee , Chan Park Ji , Yusuf Mohammad , Park Kang Hyun , Youn Buhyun
Published: September 2022

CuO nanoparticles (NPs) with a clean surface supported on carbon nanofibers in one-pot were prepared by simple solid-state grinding and aging then thermal treatment, yielding CuO NPs with high (23.8 wt%) and uniform CuO loading in the absence of surfactants and solvent.
Local strain and tunneling current modulate excitonic luminescence in MoS2 monolayers
Authors: Ma Yalan , Kalt Romana Alice , Stemmer Andreas
Published: September 2022

Local strain in monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) on an evaporated Au surface is studied by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) induced excitonic luminescence on a length scale of 10 nm.
Interfacial electric fields catalyze Ullmann coupling reactions on gold surfaces
Authors: Stone Ilana B. , Starr Rachel L. , Hoffmann Norah , Wang Xiao , Evans Austin M. , Nuckolls Colin , Lambert Tristan H. , Steigerwald Michael L. , Berkelbach Timothy C. , Roy Xavier , Venkataraman Latha
Published: September 2022

The electric fields created at solid–liquid interfaces are important in heterogeneous catalysis.
An aqueous photo-controlled polymerization under NIR wavelengths: synthesis of polymeric nanoparticles through thick barriers
Authors: Wu Zilong , Fang Wenbo , Wu Chenyu , Corrigan Nathaniel , Zhang Tong , Xu Sihao , Boyer Cyrille
Published: September 2022

Taking advantage of high penetration and reduced light scattering of NIR wavelengths, we demonstrate the syntheses of polymeric nanoparticles with consistent morphologies through thick barriers.
Palladium/GF-Phos-catalyzed asymmetric carbenylative amination to access chiral pyrrolidines and piperidines
Authors: Sun Yue , Ma Chun , Li Zhiming , Zhang Junliang
Published: September 2022

An efficient asymmetric palladium/GF-Phos-catalyzed carbenylative amination reaction to access structurally diverse chiral pyrrolidines and piperidines in good yields with high chemo-, regio- and enantioselectivities has been developed.
Conformationally flexible heterohelicenes as stimuli-controlled soft molecular springs
Authors: Karak Pirudhan , Choudhury Joyanta
Published: September 2022

Sub-expanded flexible heterohelicenes were configured through a modular synthetic approach to experimentally demonstrate their capability of stimuli-controlled soft molecular spring-like behavior.
Performance evaluation of an automotive thermoelectric generator with a non-isometric distributed fin heat exchanger
Authors: Wang Ruochen , Fu Yuxuan , Luo Ding , Chen Jie , Zhou Weiqi
Published: September 2022

A novel non-isometric distributed fin structure for a heat exchanger is proposed, which can effectively improve the thermoelectric generator's output performance.
Compartmentalized Janus droplets of photoresponsive cholesteric liquid crystals and poly(dimethylsiloxane)-based oligomers
Authors: Liao Chuyi , Wang Zenan , Wang Xiaogong
Published: September 2022

This article reports the fabrication of Janus droplets of photoresponsive cholesteric liquid crystals and the investigation of Janus droplet formation, compartment structure, mesophase texture and photoinduced transition of cholesteric structures.
Enhanced oxygen transport in ionomer films on platinum electrodes via a local electric field
Authors: Zhang Yuewen , Fan Linhao , Wang Jiaqi , Deng Hao , Shi Weiyu , Du Qing , Hou Zhongjun , Jiao Kui
Published: September 2022

The oxygen transport in ionomer films on electrodes is enhanced via local electrical field, which inspires novel electrode designs with low oxygen transport resistance for fuel cells.
Antioxidative myricetin-enriched nanoparticles towards acute liver injury
Authors: Wang Tianyou , Zhang Jianhua , Zhang Hengjie , Bai Wanjie , Dong Jinhong , Yang Zhen , Yang Peng , Gu Zhipeng , Li Yiwen , Chen Xianchun , Xu Yuanting
Published: September 2022

This manuscript developed myricetin-enriched nanomaterials with antioxidative abilities and therapeutic effects towards ALI, which could promote antioxidative nanomaterial development with naturally occurring molecules against intractable diseases.
A photolithography tailored undulating configuration to confine nanostructures on microtubes via a “stress-induced” effect for boosting sodium ion storage
Authors: Shi Haiting , Zhang Xinyi , Min Chunying , Xia Yuanhua , Liang Shuaitong , Liu Shengkai , Liu Liangsen , Wang Wei , Xu Zhiwei , Cai Zhijiang
Published: September 2022

Undulating structure and internal graphite lattice distorted structure were induced via high-penetrating gamma irradiation. A stress-inducing strategy is supplied to obtain electrode materials. Advanced characterization was used to assess the structural evolution.