bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effects of adding agrimony and sage extracts to water on blood biochemistry and meat quality of broiler chickens
Authors: Supuka Peter , Marcinčák Slavomír , Popelka Peter , Petrovič Vladimír , Molnár Ladislav , Maskaľová Iveta , Kovalík Pavol , Marcinčáková Dana , Supuková Anna , Turek Peter
Published: July 2015

The aim of our study was to determine the effects of supplementation of agrimony extract (Agrimonia eupatoria L.) and a combination of agrimony with sage extract (Salvia officinalis L.) to water during the fattening period of broiler chickens on selected biochemical and antioxidant indicators in blood, and on the nutritional composition and oxidative stability of meat. A total of 117 Cobb 500 chicks were randomly divided on the day of hatching into three groups (n = 39 in each) and fattened for 42 days. All groups were fed the same diets. In experimental group A water was supplemented with agrimony extract (0.2%). In experimental group AS water was supplemented with a combination of agrimony (0.1%) and sage (0.1%) extracts. Group C was control without supplementation. The total cholesterol, low density lipoproteins and malondialdehyde in serum were decreased (P < 0.05), dry matter and fat content in meat were increased (P < 0.05) in group A. The activity of superoxide dismutase in blood and the amount of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in thigh meat on days 1 and 8 of storage under chilling conditions were lower (P < 0.05) in both experimental groups compared to control. Our results indicate that supplementation of agrimony and sage extract to water can beneficially influence the antioxidant status as well as oxidative stability of thigh meat and thus improve meat quality. This is a first similar study comparing addition of plant extracts to water in broiler nutrition.
Oxidative stress and antioxidant status in dairy cows during prepartal and postpartal periods
Authors: Konvičná Jana , Vargová Mária , Paulíková Iveta , Kováč Gabriel , Kostecká Zuzana
Published: July 2015

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the indicators of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde [MDA]) and antioxidant status (ferric reducing ability of plasma [FRAP]; superoxide dismutase [SOD]; glutathione peroxidase [GSH-Px]; selenium [Se]; vitamin E) in dairy cows of the Slovak Pied cattle from 3 weeks before parturition to 9 weeks after parturition. The mean MDA concentration was significantly (P< 0.001) higher in the cows 1 week after calving compared to the cows 3, 6, and 9 weeks after calving. The lowest mean FRAP value was found in the cows 3 weeks after parturition. The SOD activities were increased during the whole monitored time (ANOVA,P< 0.001). A significant (P< 0.05) decrease of GSH-Px activities was recorded in the cows 1 week after calving compared to the weeks 6 and 9 after calving. Statistical multiple comparison test showed no significant changes in Se between the examined groups. The lowest mean vitamin E concentration was found in the first week after parturition. Significantly positive correlations (P< 0.05) were recorded between Se and vitamin E (r = 0.897), SOD and GSH-Px (r = 0.903), while Se and GSH-Px had no significantly positive correlation (r = 0.520). Significant changes between MDA and indicators of oxidative stress (SOD, GSH-Px, vitamin E) confirm that during parturition and onset of lactation, oxidative stress occurs in dairy cows. Exposure of peripartal cows to oxidative stress may cause an increased incidence of metabolic diseases.
Anaesthetic effects of tiletamine-zolazepam-xylazine-tramadol combination in cats undergoing surgical sterilization
Authors: Li Lin , Dong Jing , He Jianbin , Cui Jixian , Yu Xuewu , Tan Dezhan , Fan Honggang
Published: July 2015

This study was conducted to evaluate the anaesthetic and physiological effects of tiletamine-zolazepam-xylazine-tramadol (TZXT) combination in cats undergoing surgical sterilization. A total of 20, 13.3 ± 2.5 months old, with a body weight of 2.4 ± 0.2 kg, male cats were used in the experiment. Cats were randomly assigned into the anaesthesia group (group A) or to the surgery group (group S). The tiletamine-zolazepam-xylazine-tramadol combination was administered with an intended dose of 2.4 mg·kg-1tiletamine-zolazepam (TZ), 0.36 mg·kg-1xylazine (X), and 0.8 mg·kg-1tramadol (T) into the lateral femoral muscle. Physiological indicators including rectal temperature (RT), heart rate (HR), respiration rate (RR), haemoglobin saturation by oxygen (SpO2), mean arterial pressure (MAP), systolic arterial pressure (SAP), and diastolic arterial pressure (DAP) were collected after baseline values (time 0). Cats were immediately given the intramuscular injection drug combination. Physiological indicators were recorded before injection of this combination and at time 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 80, 100, and 120 min after administration of the tiletamine-zolazepam-xylazine-tramadol combination. In group S, castrations were performed using a closed procedure. Vomiting, excitement, apnoea, and abnormal behaviour were not observed in any cat during anaesthesia. All changes in indicators were within cardiorespiratory acceptable limits in both groups. The tiletamine-zolazepam-xylazine-tramadol combination produced satisfactory anaesthesia in cats and it will be useful not only in induction of anaesthesia but also for surgery of short duration.
New Report of Dichotomosiphon tuberosus (A.Br.) Ernst and Vaucheria sessilis D.C. of the Family Vaucheriaceae from Hooghly District, West Bengal, India
Authors: Sinha Sankar Narayan , Halder Nilu
Published: July 2015

The present work deals with the morpho-taxonomic description of two species namely Dichotomosiphon tuberosus (A.Br.) Ernst and Vaucheria sessilis (Vauch.) D.C. of the family Vaucheriaceae under the order Heterosiphonales belonging to the class Xanthophyceae for the first time explored from Hooghly district, West Bengal, India. The two taxa constitute new record for the aforesaid district. ECOPRINT 21: 49-53, 2014  DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/eco.v21i0.11904
Documenting Abundance and Use of Underutilized Plant Species in the Mid Hill Region of Nepal
Authors: Khanal Rajib , Timilsina Arbindra , Pokhrel P , Yadav Ram Kailash P
Published: July 2015

Around the world, many communities depend on plant species that are outside the mainstream of agricultural research and development. These species are also known by various names, such as ‘underutilized crops’ ‘neglected crops, poor people’s crops’ or ‘third order crops’. More recently, they have been designated as crop for the future agriculture. Changing human perception and custodian, changing food habits, influence of globalization are the major factors leading to low priority to the local crop products. The study of underutilized plant species of the mid hill region is an attempt to highlight the food, fruits, vegetables, pulses and medicinal plants; and their mode of use by the local people. The study was conducted in two VDCs; Siddeshwor of Palpa and Hastichaur of Gulmi districts. A total of 52 plant species belonging to 27 families were recorded to be used frequently by the people of Siddeshwor and Hastichaur VDCs. Declining consumption of these local crop varieties at local level and low demand in the local market due to eroding traditional knowledge are main reasons for the farmers being unwilling to grow these crops. ECOPRINT 21: 63-71, 2014DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/eco.v21i0.11906
Prediction of the elastic modulus of SWCNT/epoxy composite based on the micromechanics
Authors: Hedia Hassan S. , Aldousari Saad M. , Abdellatif Ahmed K. , Abdelhafeez Gamal S.
Published: July 2015

Due to their superior mechanical and physical properties, carbon nanotubes seem to hold a great promise as an ideal reinforcing material for composites of high strength and low density. In most of the experimental results up to date, however, only modest improvements in the strength and stiffness have been achieved by incorporating carbon nanotubes in polymers. In the present paper, the stiffening effect of carbon nanotubes is quantitatively investigated by micromechanics methods. The Mori-Tanaka effective field method has been adopted to calculate the effective elastic moduli of composites with aligned or randomly oriented straight nanotubes. The rule-of-mixtures is used to calculate the modulus of elasticity for nanocomposite. The results of micromechanics methods indicated that the CNTs are highly anisotropic, with Young's modulus in the tube direction two orders of magnitude higher than that normal to the tube. The results of micromechanics methods were compared by those obtained from the rule-of-mixtures and good agreement was also achieved when the efficiency parameter Φ = 1 and typical results were achieved with Φ = 0.25. To predict the mechanical properties of the composite materials, it is worth considering the conventional rule-of-mixtures using exact value of the efficiency parameter Φ. To predict the elastic modulus of nanocomposite reinforced by SWCNT using the conventional rule-of-mixtures, the exact value of the efficiency parameter Φ is equal to 0.25 when using nanotubes with chirality (8,3) for determination the elastic modulus of SWCNT. However, for zigzag orientation and chirality (8,0) the efficiency parameter Φ is equal to 1. The conventional rule-of-mixtures is a powerful tool and easy method compared to the micromechanics methods.
Influence of cutting parameters and TiBN coating material on the drilling of Al6061-T4 sheets
Authors: Aksakal Bünyamin , Karaca Faruk
Published: July 2015

In this study, the machinability of Al6061-T4 aluminum alloy sheets was experimentally investigated by drilling process using uncoated HSS and TiBN coated HSS drill bits. In experiments, the tool feed rate, cutting speed and drill diameter were varied to explore their effects on surface roughness of the machined holes, hole circularity, chip and burr formation, respectively. The hole qualities were determined by using an atomic force microscope (AFM) and a profilometer. The measured values were also analyzed statistically. It was demonstrated that the surface roughness increased with decreasing cutting speed and increased with feed rate of the tool. TiBN coated drill bits provided better hole surfaces compared to uncoated drill bits. The most significant factor on the surface roughness was found to be the cutting speed while the coating material was the second significant factor. In addition, the burst-type burr formations were observed only at a 4 mm drill diameter and high drill speeds with uncoated tools, while the TiBN coated tools gave burr-free surfaces.
Testing of pipe sections
Authors: Andreiev Anatolii , Golovko Oleksandr , Frolov Iaroslav , Nürnberger Florian , Wolf Lars Oliver , Schaper Mirko , Grydin Olexandr
Published: July 2015

A device and the basic technology has been developed for tensile testing pipe sections samples (tensile testing PSS) for quantitative estimating ultimate tensile and yield stresses in ring samples (PSS samples) cut from pipes. This tensile testing device provides the opportunity for compensating frictional forces during the tensile test, and using exchangeable bearings, the device can be adapted to a wide assortment of pipes. Research has been carried out regarding the shape and size of a stress concentrator introduced into the sample. Relationships have been derived between the shape of the tensile loading curves and the characteristic forces for different types of stress concentrators. It is proposed to use PSS with stress concentrators to prevent plastic deformation in one of the supporting sections (this also allows to correlate the applied forces to one section). The concentrator should be introduced into the tube wall of the sample as a drilled hole. This method is comparatively simple with respect to established testing methods.
Grey-based fuzzy algorithm for the optimization of the ball burnishing process
Authors: Esme Ugur , Kulekci Mustafa Kemal , Ustun Deniz , Kahraman Funda , Kazancoglu Yigit
Published: July 2015

In the present study, Grey based fuzzy algorithm was used for the optimization of complex multiple performance characteristics of the ball burnishing process. Experiments have been planned according to Taguchi's L16 orthogonal design matrix. Burnishing force, number of passes, feed rate and burnishing speed were selected as input parameters, whereas surface roughness and microhardness were selected as output responses. Using Grey relation analysis (GRA), Grey relational coefficient (GRC) and Grey relation grade (GRG) were obtained. Then, Grey-based fuzzy algorithm was applied to obtain Grey fuzzy reasoning grade (GFRG). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out to find the significance and contribution of parameters on multiple performance characteristics. Finally, a confirmation test was applied at the optimum level of GFRG to validate the results. The results also show the feasibility of the Grey-based fuzzy algorithm for continuous improvement in product quality in complex manufacturing processes.
Influence of combined grain refinement and modification on the microstructure, tensile strength and wear properties of Al-15Si, Al-15Si-4.5Cu alloys
Authors: Channappagoudar Shivaprasad , Sannayallappa Narendranath , Desai Vijay , Karodi Venkateswarlu
Published: July 2015

Microstructure, tensile strength and dry sliding wear studies of Al-15Si, Al-15Si-4.5Cu alloys with and without grain refinement and modifications are presented. Experimental alloys such as Al-15Si and Al-15Si-4.5Cu were conventionally melted and gravity die cast. For grain refinement, 1 wt.% of Al-1Ti-3B and for modification, 0.17 wt.% of aluminum phosphide (AlP) and 0.4 wt.% of Al-10Sr were added to the alloy melt. The results reveal refined microstructure due to grain refinement, modification, improved hardness, higher tensile strength and better sliding wear. Moreover, Al-15Si-4.5Cu alloy (untreated and treated) showed improved mechanical properties as compared to conventional hypereutectic Al–Si alloy.
Application of a 980-nanometer diode laser in neuroendoscopy: a case series
Authors: Reis Rodolfo Casimiro , Teixeira Manoel Jacobsen , Mancini Marilia Wellichan , Almeida-Lopes Luciana , de Oliveira Matheus Fernandes , Pinto Fernando Campos Gomes
Published: July 2015

OBJECT

Ventricular neuroendoscopy represents an important advance in the treatment of hydrocephalus. High-power (surgical) Nd:YAG laser and low-level laser therapy (using 685-nm-wavelength diode laser) have been used in conjunction with neuroendoscopy with favorable results. This study evaluated the use of surgical 980-nm-wavelength diode laser for the neuroendoscopic treatment of ventricular diseases.

METHODS

Nine patients underwent a neuroendoscopic procedure with 980-nm diode laser. Complications and follow-up were recorded.

RESULTS

Three in-hospital postoperative complications were recorded (1 intraventricular hemorrhage and 2 meningitis cases). The remaining 6 patients had symptom improvement after endoscopic surgery and were discharged from the hospital within 24–48 hours after surgery. Patients were followed for an average of 14 months: 1 patient developed meningitis and another died suddenly at home. The other patients did well and were asymptomatic until the last follow-up consultation.

CONCLUSIONS

The 980-nm diode laser is considered an important therapeutic tool for endoscopic neurological surgeries. This study showed its application in different ventricular diseases.
Hospital volume and 1-year mortality after treatment of intracranial aneurysms: a study based on patient registries in Scandinavia
Authors: Lindekleiv Haakon , Mathiesen Ellisiv B. , Førde Olav H. , Wilsgaard Tom , Ingebrigtsen Tor
Published: July 2015

OBJECT

The object of this study was to examine the relationship between hospital volume and long-term mortality after treatment of intracranial aneurysms.

METHODS

The authors identified patients treated for intracranial aneurysms between 2002 and 2010 from patient registries of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, and linked to data on 1-year mortality from the population registry of each country. Cox regression models were used to relate hospital volume to the risk of death and adjusted for potential confounders (age, sex, year of treatment, Charlson comorbidity index, country, and surgical treatment).

RESULTS

The authors identified 5773 patients with ruptured and 1756 patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms, treated at 15 hospitals. One-year mortality rates were 15.6% for patients with ruptured aneurysms and 2.7% for patients with unruptured aneurysms. No consistent relationship was found between hospital volume and 1-year mortality for ruptured aneurysms in the unadjusted analyses, but higher hospital volume was associated with increased mortality in the analyses adjusted for potential confounders (hazard ratio [HR] per 10-patient increase 1.04, 95% CI 1.00–1.07). There was a trend toward a lower mortality rate in higher-volume hospitals after treatment for unruptured intracranial aneurysms, but this was not statistically significant after adjustment for potential confounders (HR per 10-patient increase 0.69, 95% CI 0.42–1.10). There were large variations in mortality after treatment for both ruptured and unruptured intracranial aneurysms across hospitals and between the Scandinavian countries (p < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS

The findings in this study did not confirm a relationship between higher hospital volume and reduced long-term mortality after treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms. Prospective registries for evaluating outcomes after aneurysm treatment are highly warranted.
Hormone-dependent shrinkage of a sphenoid wing meningioma after pregnancy: case report
Authors: Kerschbaumer Johannes , Freyschlag Christian F. , Stockhammer Günter , Taucher Susanne , Maier Hans , Thomé Claudius , Seiz-Rosenhagen Marcel
Published: July 2015

Meningiomas are known to be associated with female sex hormones. Worsening neurological symptoms or newly diagnosed meningiomas have been described in the context of elevated levels of sex hormones, for example, in pregnancy. To the authors’ knowledge, tumor shrinkage after the normalization of hormones has not been described, even if it is known that neurological deficits due to meningioma compression may improve after giving birth.

A 32-year-old female patient presented with severe headache and vision disturbances at the end of her second pregnancy. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an extended mass at the lateral left-sided sphenoid wing that was suspected to be a meningioma. After delivery, the patient’s symptoms improved, and MRI obtained 2 months postpartum showed significant shrinkage of the lesion.

Significant tumor shrinkage can occur after pregnancy. Thus, repeat imaging is indicated in these patients.
The Brain and Spinal Injury Center score: a novel, simple, and reproducible method for assessing the severity of acute cervical spinal cord injury with axial T2-weighted MRI findings
Authors: Talbott Jason F. , Whetstone William D. , Readdy William J. , Ferguson Adam R. , Bresnahan Jacqueline C. , Saigal Rajiv , Hawryluk Gregory W. J. , Beattie Michael S. , Mabray Marc C. , Pan Jonathan Z. , Manley Geoffrey T. , Dhall Sanjay S.
Published: July 2015

OBJECT

Previous studies that have evaluated the prognostic value of abnormal changes in signals on T2-weighted MRI scans of an injured spinal cord have focused on the longitudinal extent of this signal abnormality in the sagittal plane. Although the transverse extent of injury and the degree of spared spinal cord white matter have been shown to be important for predicting outcomes in preclinical animal models of spinal cord injury (SCI), surprisingly little is known about the prognostic value of altered T2 relaxivity in humans in the axial plane.

METHODS

The authors undertook a retrospective chart review of 60 patients who met the inclusion criteria of this study and presented to the authors’ Level I trauma center with an acute blunt traumatic cervical SCI. Within 48 hours of admission, all patients underwent MRI examination, which included axial and sagittal T2 images. Neurological symptoms, evaluated with the grades according to the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale (AIS), at the time of admission and at hospital discharge were correlated with MRI findings. Five distinct patterns of intramedullary spinal cord T2 signal abnormality were defined in the axial plane at the injury epicenter. These patterns were assigned ordinal values ranging from 0 to 4, referred to as the Brain and Spinal Injury Center (BASIC) scores, which encompassed the spectrum of SCI severity.

RESULTS

The BASIC score strongly correlated with neurological symptoms at the time of both hospital admission and discharge. It also distinguished patients initially presenting with complete injury who improved by at least one AIS grade by the time of discharge from those whose injury did not improve. The authors’ proposed score was rapid to apply and showed excellent interrater reliability.

CONCLUSIONS

The authors describe a novel 5-point ordinal MRI score for classifying acute SCIs on the basis of axial T2-weighted imaging. The proposed BASIC score stratifies the SCIs according to the extent of transverse T2 signal abnormality during the acute phase of the injury. The new score improves on current MRI-based prognostic descriptions for SCI by reflecting functionally and anatomically significant patterns of intramedullary T2 signal abnormality in the axial plane.
Long-term effects of the Chêneau brace on coronal and sagittal alignment in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Fang Ming-Qiao , Wang Chong , Xiang Guang-Heng , Lou Chao , Tian Nai-Feng , Xu Hua-Zi
Published: July 2015

OBJECT

The aim of the present study was to retrospectively evaluate progressive correction of coronal and sagittal alignment and pelvic parameters in patients treated with a Chêneau brace.

METHODS

Thirty-two patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) were assessed before initiation of bracing treatment and at the final follow-up. Each patient underwent radiological examinations, and coronal, sagittal, and pelvic parameters were measured.

RESULTS

No statistically significant modification of the Cobb angle was noted. The pelvic incidence remained unchanged in 59% of the cases and increased in 28% of the cases. The sacral slope decreased in 34% of the cases but remained unchanged in 50%. Thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis were significantly decreased, whereas the sagittal vertical axis was significantly increased from a mean of -44.0 to -30.2 mm (p = 0.02). The mean pelvic tilt increased significantly from 4.5° to 8.3° (p = 0.002).

CONCLUSIONS

The Chêneau brace can be useful for preventing curvature progression in patients with AIS. However, the results of this study reveal high variability in the effect of brace treatment on sagittal and pelvic alignment. Treatment with the Chêneau brace may also influence sagittal global balance.
A Case of Overt GI Bleeding from a Obscured Source in a Cirrhotic Patient
Authors: Basak Deepankar Kumar , Arfin Md Samsul , Hossain Mohammed Motahar
Published: July 2015

While esophago-gastric varices are common manifestations of portal hypertension, variceal bleeding from the jejunum is a rare complication of liver cirrhosis. In addition, ectopic variceal bleeding occurs in the duodenum and at sites of previous bowel surgery in most cases, including of stomas. We report a case of obscure overt gastrointestinal bleeding from jejunal varices in a 70-year-old woman who had not previously undergone abdominal surgery, who had not diagnosed liver cirrhosis before. Emergency endoscopy revealed no esophageal varices but multiple nodular lesions with ulcerated tips with active oozing of blood and no bleeding focus was found at colonoscopy. She continued to produce recurrent melaena with hematochezia and received several units of packed red blood cells. CT angiography revealed the presence of jejunal varices, but no active bleeding was found. USG&CT scan of abdomen reveals coarse liver with splenomegally with mild pelvic collection. This is a case of variceal bleeding from the jejunum in a liver cirrhosis patient without a prior history of abdominal surgeryBangladesh Crit Care J September 2014; 2 (2): 81-84
Bilioenteric Fistula - Not any more a contraindication for Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Mondal Samiron Kumar , Roy Sharmistha
Published: July 2015

Background: Bilioenteric fistulas include cholecystoduodenal fistula, cholecystocolic fistula, and cholecystogastric fistula. They are known but rare complication of cholecystitis. Previously presence of any cholecystoenteric fistula was an indication to convert laparoscopic cholecystectomy to open operation1. But with time and experience new techniques, new technology and expertise has developed in the laparoscopic field and now the scenario is changed. This is our experience in a tertiary care diabetic hospital where we encountered 21 cases of cholecystoenteric fistula during laparoscopic cholecystectomy over a period of 2 years. Our series: From January 2013 to January 2015 we performed 1191 cases of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in our unit. We encountered 12 cases of cholecystoduodenal fistula, 7 cases of cholecystocolic fistula and 2 cases of cholecystogastric fistula. All cases were diagnosed during laparoscopy, and were dealt with laparoscopy. Intracorporeal suturing was used in all cases.Observation: Successful per operative diagnosis requires suspicion and careful adhesiolysis in all cases. Avoiding conversion to open operation reduces hospital stay, pain, wound infection and chest complications associated with upper abdominal incision. As the fistulous tract is usually near the fundus and far away from Callots there is not much increased risk of common bile duct injury.Conclusion: Cholecystoenteric fistulas can now safely be managed laparoscopically in advanced centers by experienced surgeon.Bangladesh Crit Care J March 2015; 3 (1): 7-8
Tracheal transection after blunt trauma by motor vehicle accident: A diagnostic and survival challenge
Authors: Huda AK Qumrul , Hoque Rezwanul , Sing Wong Poo
Published: July 2015

Tracheal transection is a rare injury after blunt trauma. Complete disruption of the trachea is rare, with a reported incidence of 1 in 4491 trauma admission. Blind oral or nasal intubation in patients with tracheal injury can lead to false extra passage. The presence of tracheal transection in the intubated ventilating patient is rarer and constitutes a major diagnostic and survival challenge. Here we present a case of tracheal transection caused by motor vehicle accident diagnosed few days later of the incidence by Computed tomography (CT) of chest, who went for thoracotomy and anastomosis of tracheal transection but developed anastomosis dehiscence. Repeated trial for anastomosis could not save the life of the patient because of development of severe sepsis, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and multi organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Early diagnosis by CT of chest and tracheal anastomotic surgery as early as possible (possibly within 24 hrs) before development of sepsis from mediastinitis is paramount for survival of patient.Bangladesh Crit Care J March 2015; 3 (1): 31-32
Mysterious Looks of Typhoid Fever: A New Experience
Authors: Basak Deepankar Kumar , Gomes Richmond Ronald , Ahmed Md Ashraf Uddin , Alam ABM Sarwar E
Published: July 2015

Enteric fever (typhoid or paratyphoid) is a common infectious disease worldwide, especially in developing countries like Bangladesh. Typhoid fever caused by the gram negative bacterium Salmonella typhi that may have a wide spectrum of clinical presentations. We report a case of a 17 year old previously healthy college boy who presented with fever, abdominal pain and shortness of breath later on who was eventually diagnosed as having typhoid fever complicated by acute pancreatitis, hepatitis and severe pulmonary hypertension. Enteric fever presenting as acute pancreatitis and pulmonary hypertension is a rare entity and must be considered in endemic areas like Bangladesh, in patients presenting with fever and concomitant severe abdominal pain and shortness of breath, as any delay in timely institution of treatment can prove fatal. There are very few case reports in the world which have depicted this unusual association.Bangladesh Crit Care J March 2015; 3 (1): 36-38
Philosophy of Education in view of the pressing Muslim Requirement in the Islamic and World Perspective
Authors: Khan Muin ud Din Ahmad
Published: July 2015

In Islam education is endemic to humanity and to the Muslims talabul ilm, acquisition cum research, is imperative, whereas by being bounded within the four walls of husulul ilm, acquisition of knowledge, education of the present-day Muslims has became epidemic by dint of their enthusiasm especially for chewing the cud of the foreign nations in the name of modernization of education which practically throws the Muslim elites out of the global Ummatic social arena turning them into supplanted personalities. Hence, in order to catching up with the dynamic spirit of Islamic education the Muslims are required to suitably overhaul the mentality and aims and objects of education.IIUC Studies Vol.9 December 2012: 79-106
Essence of, Approaches to and Transformation Process in Higher Education for Sustainable Development: A Critical Review
Authors: Sobhani Farid A , Amran Azlan
Published: July 2015

The study aims at reviewing the essence of sustainable education, highlighting its different approaches and analyzing transformation process of higher education for sustainable development (HESD). Since there is lack of sustainability research in the developing countries, the study addresses the issues of higher education towards sustainability from the perspective of a developing nation. This research is qualitative and descriptive in nature. It considered extensive literature survey to meet the research objectives. The study found that the issue of higher education for sustainable development got global attention especially in the Western society. In Mexico, many public universities introduced sustainability education as core course at the graduate and post-graduate level. Among the Asian nations, Malaysia has set an example taking initiative to transform higher education for a sustainable society. Universiti Sains Mlaysia (USM) got APEX status incorporating that dimension in the program. Bangladesh, the local context of the study, is lagging far behind in attempting to sustainable education. Both public and private universities are facing many challenges towards that dimension, which are highlighted in this study.IIUC Studies Vol.9 December 2012: 113-136
Knowledge and Science in Muslim Theology: Exploratory Study from the Books of Tafsir
Authors: Solihin Sohirin Mohammad
Published: July 2015

The paper attempts to reveal the relation between science and religion from Islamic perspective by referring to the views of contemporary Qur'anic exegesis. In addition, it also highlights the sources of sciences based on the divine concept. Moreover, it discusses the status and task of Muslim scientists in developing the civilization. The Qur'?n supports the use of intellectualism to come out with the concept of sciences on the basis of divine guidance. There are many directions in the message related to sciences of biology, preservation of ecology, and medicineIIUC Studies Vol.9 December 2012: 137-160
Information Technology (IT) Ethics in the Light of Islam
Authors: Masum Abdul Kadar Muhammad , Ullah Md Cholem , Azad Md Abul Kalam
Published: July 2015

Globalization and digital convergence in the emerging knowledge society has raised complex ethical, legal and societal issues. We are faced with complex and difficult questions regarding the freedom of expression, access to information, the right to privacy, intellectual property rights, and cultural diversity. To overcome these issues, it requires qualified and educated IT (Information Technology) beneficiaries professionally and ethically. Professional organizations like ACM, IEEE and ABET have established codes of ethics to help IT professionals, specially end users to understand and manage their ethical responsibilities. Islamic ethics comprise moral principles and guidance that differentiate between right and wrong, which are comprehensive, stable, fair, and historically proved success in building ethically great societies. The estimated 1.5 billion of Muslims should have an effective role in IT related activities and life, which requires them to understand and implement ethics, specially the Islamic ethics in their IT related works. This paper is a roadmap for modeling the IT user principles, which show the main phases for solving such problems. It focuses mainly on adopting a new version of IT user principles based on Islamic ethical values.IIUC Studies Vol.9 December 2012: 243-260
The Need for Computer Ethics Course for the Students of CSE/CS or Equivalent Discipline in Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md Monirul , Alam Mohammed Shamsul , Ahsan Tanveer
Published: July 2015

Ethics has long been a part of engineering education and practices. Computer Science and Engineering (CSE) is not an exception. In this study, however, it was revealed that very few universities of Bangladesh have a course on Computer Ethics in their respective curriculum of Computer Science and Engineering. But the scenario of other countries are completely different; many universities in the world offer courses like Computer Ethics, Social and Ethical Implications of Computing or courses with similar title and content. There is an increasing trend towards teaching ethics as a major course within CSE departments. This paper examines the necessity of incorporating a Computer Ethics course in the curriculum of CSE in the universities of Bangladesh and suggests an outline for the course. It suggests some topics that can be covered in a Computer Ethics course and offers some practical suggestions also for making the course an effective one. This study also examines ethics in computer education in the light of the Holly Quran and the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad (S).IIUC Studies Vol.9 December 2012: 307-322
Human Resources Development: Islamic Perspective
Authors: Hossain Ali
Published: July 2015

The full text of this article is in Arabic - see PDF belowIIUC Studies Vol.9 December 2012: 345-354
HPLC-DAD Phenolic Characterization and Antioxidant Activities of Ripe and Unripe Sweet Orange Peels
Authors: Omoba Olufunmilayo , Obafaye Rebeccah , Salawu Sule , Boligon Aline , Athayde Margareth
Published: July 2015

Phenolic compounds of unripe and ripe sweet orange peels were determined using a high-performance liquid chromatography separation method with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). The in vitro antioxidant properties and the EC50 (concentration required to obtain a 50% antioxidant effect) values were also determined. The predominant phenolic compounds were quercitrin, rutin, and quercetin with values of 18.77 ± 0.01 mg/mL, 18.65 ± 0.03 mg/mL, and 10.39 ± 0.01 mg/mL respectively in unripe orange peel and 22.61 ± 0.01 mg/mL, 17.93 ± 0.03 mg/mL, and 14.03 ± 0.02 mg/mL respectively in ripe orange peel. The antioxidant properties revealed 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethyl benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) scavenging ability of both unripe and ripe orange peels respectively as 14.68 ± 0.01 and 16.89 ± 0.02 mmol TEAC/g, the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Properties (FRAP) as 70.69 ± 0.01 and 91.38 ± 0.01 mg gallic acid equivalents/100g, total phenol content as 5.27 ± 0.03 and 9.40 ± 0.01 mg gallic acid equivalents/g and total flavonoid content as 3.30 ± 0.30 and 4.20 ± 0.02 mg quercetin equivalent/g. The antioxidant assays showed enhanced potency of extract from ripe orange peel with EC50 values of 2.71 ± 0.03 mg/mL for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 0.67 ± 0.03 mg/mL for hydroxyl radicals (OH*), 0.57 ± 0.02 mg/mL for Fe2+ chelation, and 0.63 ± 0.06 mg/mL for malondialdehyde (MDA), and was more potent than unripe orange peel.
Introducing Interesting Images
Authors: Kjaer Andreas
Published: July 2015

Since the launch of Diagnostics, a major part of contributions have been within the field of medical imaging.[...]
Modeling and Analysis of Entropy Generation in Light Heating of Nanoscaled Silicon and Germanium Thin Films
Authors: Nájera-Carpio José , Vázquez Federico , Figueroa Aldo
Published: July 2015

In this work, the irreversible processes in light heating of Silicon (Si) and Germanium (Ge) thin films are examined. Each film is exposed to light irradiation with radiative and convective boundary conditions. Heat, electron and hole transport and generation-recombination processes of electron-hole pairs are studied in terms of a phenomenological model obtained from basic principles of irreversible thermodynamics. We present an analysis of the contributions to the entropy production in the stationary state due to the dissipative effects associated with electron and hole transport, generation-recombination of electron-hole pairs as well as heat transport. The most significant contribution to the entropy production comes from the interaction of light with the medium in both Si and Ge. This interaction includes two processes, namely, the generation of electron-hole pairs and the transferring of energy from the absorbed light to the lattice. In Si the following contribution in magnitude comes from the heat transport. In Ge all the remaining contributions to entropy production have nearly the same order of magnitude. The results are compared and explained addressing the differences in the magnitude of the thermodynamic forces, Onsager’s coefficients and transport properties of Si and Ge.
Difference in Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Responses Induced in THP1 Cells by Particulate Matter Collected on Days with and without ASIAN Dust Storms
Authors: Watanabe Masanari , Kurai Jun , Sano Hiroyuki , Yamasaki Akira , Shimizu Eiji
Published: July 2015

The associations between particulate matter from Asian dust storms (ADS) and health disorders differ among studies, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, ADS and non-ADS particles were tested for their potential to induce pro-inflammatory cytokines associated with adverse respiratory effects. Particulate matter was collected in Japan during four periods in 2013 (2 × ADS periods; 2 × non-ADS). THP1 cells were exposed to this particulate matter, and the levels of various interleukins (ILs), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were measured. Levels of IL-2 increased significantly following exposure to all particulate matter samples (compared to levels in a solvent control). Increased levels of IL-10 and TNF-α were also observed following exposure to particles collected during three (one ADS and two non-ADS) and two (one ADS and one non-ADS) collection periods, respectively. Thus, the effects of particulate matter on cytokine responses differed according to collection period, and the effects of ADS particles differed for each ADS event. Additionally, the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by ADS particles were not always higher than those induced by non-ADS particles.
An Optimization Model for Expired Drug Recycling Logistics Networks and Government Subsidy Policy Design Based on Tri-level Programming
Authors: Huang Hui , Li Yuyu , Huang Bo , Pi Xing
Published: July 2015

In order to recycle and dispose of all people’s expired drugs, the government should design a subsidy policy to stimulate users to return their expired drugs, and drug-stores should take the responsibility of recycling expired drugs, in other words, to be recycling stations. For this purpose it is necessary for the government to select the right recycling stations and treatment stations to optimize the expired drug recycling logistics network and minimize the total costs of recycling and disposal. This paper establishes a tri-level programming model to study how the government can optimize an expired drug recycling logistics network and the appropriate subsidy policies. Furthermore, a Hybrid Genetic Simulated Annealing Algorithm (HGSAA) is proposed to search for the optimal solution of the model. An experiment is discussed to illustrate the good quality of the recycling logistics network and government subsides obtained by the HGSAA. The HGSAA is proven to have the ability to converge on the global optimal solution, and to act as an effective algorithm for solving the optimization problem of expired drug recycling logistics network and government subsidies.
Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase 1: Cellular Pluripotency, Reprogramming, and Tumorogenesis
Authors: Jiang Bo-Hua , Tseng Wei-Lien , Li Hsin-Yang , Wang Mong-Lien , Chang Yuh-Lih , Sung Yen-Jen , Chiou Shih-Hwa
Published: July 2015

Poly(ADP-ribos)ylation (PARylation) is the catalytic function of the Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (Parps) family for post-translational modification in cellular process. Being a major member of Parps, Parp1 is a crucial nuclear factor with biological significance in modulating DNA repair, DNA replication, transcription, DNA methylation and chromatin remodeling through PARylation of downstream proteins. In addition, high expression level and activity of Parp1 are correlated with pluripotent status, reprogramming, and cancer. Furthermore, epigenetic modulation of Parp1 is explored for regulating wide variety of gene expression. Genetic and pharmaceutical disruption of Parp1 further confirmed the importance of Parp1 in cell growth, DNA repair, and reprogramming efficiency. Taken together, the proximity toward the understanding of the modulation of Parp1 including interaction and modification in different fields will provide new insight for future studies. In this review, the biological significance of Parp1 in transcription and the epigenetic modulation of Parp1 in pluripotent status, reprogramming process and cancer will be summarized.
Experimental Studies on the Flammability and Fire Hazards of Photovoltaic Modules
Authors: Yang Hong-Yun , Zhou Xiao-Dong , Yang Li-Zhong , Zhang Tao-Lin
Published: July 2015

Many of the photovoltaic (PV) systems on buildings are of sufficiently high voltages, with potential to cause or promote fires. However, research about photovoltaic fires is insufficient. This paper focuses on the flammability and fire hazards of photovoltaic modules. Bench-scale experiments based on polycrystalline silicon PV modules have been conducted using a cone calorimeter. Several parameters including ignition time (tig), mass loss, heat release rate (HRR), carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, were investigated. The fire behaviours, fire hazards and toxicity of gases released by PV modules are assessed based on experimental results. The results show that PV modules under tests are inflammable with the critical heat flux of 26 kW/m2. This work will lead to better understanding on photovoltaic fires and how to help authorities determine the appropriate fire safety provisions for controlling photovoltaic fires.
Advances in Microalgae-Derived Phytosterols for Functional Food and Pharmaceutical Applications
Authors: Luo Xuan , Su Peng , Zhang Wei
Published: July 2015

Microalgae contain a variety of bioactive lipids with potential applications in aquaculture feed, biofuel, food and pharmaceutical industries. While microalgae-derived polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and their roles in promoting human health have been extensively studied, other lipid types from this resource, such as phytosterols, have been poorly explored. Phytosterols have been used as additives in many food products such as spread, dairy products and salad dressing. This review focuses on the recent advances in microalgae-derived phytosterols with functional bioactivities and their potential applications in functional food and pharmaceutical industries. It highlights the importance of microalgae-derived lipids other than PUFA for the development of an advanced microalgae industry.
Constituents of Psoralea corylifolia Fruits and Their Effects on Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Cui Yanmei , Taniguchi Shoko , Kuroda Teruo , Hatano Tsutomu
Published: July 2015

Two new flavonoids, bakuisoflavone (1) and bakuflavanone (2), together with 15 known compounds, were isolated from the fruits of Psoralea corylifolia, and their structures were characterized by spectroscopic data. The effects of the isolated compounds on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus were also examined. We found that two compounds, isobavachalcone (10) and bakuchiol (12), showed noticeable antibacterial effects on the MRSA strains examined. Quantitation of the major constituents, including anti-MRSA constituents, was then performed. The results showed individual contents of 1.26%–16.49% (w/w) among the examined compounds in the ethyl acetate extract from P. corylifolia fruits.
Pro-Angiogenic Effects of Chalcone Derivatives in Zebrafish Embryos in Vivo
Authors: Chen Yau-Hung , Chang Chao-Yuan , Chang Chiung-Fang , Chen Po-Chih , Lee Ya-Ting , Chern Ching-Yuh , Tsai Jen-Ning
Published: July 2015

The aim of this study was to investigate novel chalcones with potent angiogenic activities in vivo. Chalcone-based derivatives were evaluated using a transgenic zebrafish line with fluorescent vessels to real-time monitor the effect on angiogenesis. Results showed that the chalcone analogues did not possess anti-angiogenic effect on zebrafish vasculatures; instead, some of them displayed potent pro-angiogenic effects on the formation of the sub-intestinal vein. Similar pro-angiogenic effects can also be seen on wild type zebrafish embryos. Moreover, the expression of vegfa, the major regulator for angiogenesis, was also upregulated in their treatment. Taken together, we have synthesized and identified a series of novel chalcone-based derivatives as potent in vivo pro-angiogenic compounds. These novel compounds hold potential for therapeutic angiogenesis.
Microbiological Assessment, Nutritional Characterization and Phenolic Compounds of Bee Pollen from Mellipona mandacaia Smith, 1983
Authors: Bárbara Marivalda , Machado Cerilene , Sodré Geni , Dias Luís , Estevinho Leticia , De Carvalho Carlos
Published: July 2015

This study aims to assess the microbiological parameters and the chemical composition of 21 samples of stingless bee pollen (Melipona mandacaia) from two regions of Bahia, Brazil (João Dourado and Uibaí), with particular emphasis on the nutritional value, total phenols and flavonoids and fatty acids composition. Regarding the microbiological quality, the studied microorganisms (moulds and yeasts, coliforms, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella sp., psychrotrophic and sulfite-reducing Clostridia) were absent in all samples. On the other hand, the values obtained for the aerobic mesophilic microorganism ranged from 11.0 ± 1.0 to 1.32 ± 1.2 cfu∙g−1 (JD samples) and from 282 ± 3.82 to 688 ± 10.1 cfu∙g−1 (U samples). The nutritional parameters (moisture, ash, water activity, pH, total acidity, protein, fiber, total phenolic, flavonoids and reducing sugars) were within the stipulated by law, except for pH and moisture content, which presented superior and inferior values, respectively. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (54.1%) were significantly higher than saturated (42.18%) and monounsaturated (3.71%). It was found that the bee pollen is safe from the microbiological point of view and has a good nutritional quality. The influence of the geographical origin on the assessed parameters was evident, especially concerning the fatty acid profile.