bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Amphibiens pléistocènes de Bolivie
Authors: Vergnaud-Grazzini Colette
Published: June 2020

Sommaire

Des restes d' Amphibiens Anoures, appartenant aux faunes de Vertébrés classiques de Tarija et Nuapua (Bolivie), sont décrites. Alors que la faune tarijéenne ne comporte que deux formes, Bufo cf. B. marinus horribilis et Ceratophrys sp., représentées par des pièces peu abondantes et de petite taille, le gisement de Nuapua (Chaco bolivien), livre de nombreux restes : la forme dominante est un Bufonidae de grande taille : Bufo cf. B. paracnemis ; on reconnaît en outre deux espèces de Leptodactylidae : Leptodactylus cf. L. ocellatus et Ceratophrys cf. C. ornata. Les fossiles ne présentent pas de caractères ostéologiques permettant de les séparer des espèces actuelles auxquelles on les réfère. Les associations d'espèces sont assez proches de celles que l'on trouve aujourd'hui dans la même région et que l'on considère comme typiquement xérophiles (Bufo paracnemis Leptodactylus ocellatus + Ceratophrys ornata).
La paléoflore du Houiller de Le Plessis (Manche)
Authors: Lemoigne Yves
Published: June 2020

Sommaire

L'éLucle de la paléollorc du bassin houiller de Le Plessis permet de préciser que ce bassin est d'âge westphalien. Il apparaît clone que les bassins de Le Plessis (Manche) et de Littry (Calvados) - pour lequel un âge autunien a été reconnu par Cl. Pareyn - sont, contrairement à l'opinion de E. F. Vieillard, distincts. Par ailleurs, le bassin de Le Plessis, contrairement à l'affirmation de A. Bigot exprimée en 1946, esL contemporain du bassin anglo-franco-belge.
Low uptake of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy in people with type 1 diabetes in Ireland: a retrospective cross-sectional study.
Authors: Gajewska Katarzyna Anna , Bennett Kathleen , Biesma Regien , Sree Seamus
Published: June 2020

Background: The uptake of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) therapy in those with type 1 diabetes varies internationally and is mainly determined by the national healthcare reimbursement systems. The aim of this study is to estimate national and regional uptake of CSII therapy in children, adolescents and adults with type 1 diabetes in Ireland.Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted utilizing the national pharmacy claims database in 2016. Individuals using CSII were identified by dispensing of infusion sets. The uptake of CSII was calculated as the percentage of people with type 1 diabetes claiming CSII sets in 2016, both in children and adolescent (age <18 years) and adult populations (≥18 years). Descriptive statistics including percentages with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) are presented, stratified by age-groups and geographical regions, and chi-square tests used for comparisons.Results: Of 20,081 people with type 1 diabetes, 2,111 (10.5%, 95% CI: 10.1%-10.9%) were using CSII in 2016. Uptake was five-fold higher in children and adolescents at 34.7% (95% CI: 32.9%-36.5%) than in adults at 6.8% (95% CI: 6.4%-7.2%). Significant geographical heterogeneity in CSII uptake was found, from 12.6% to 53.7% in children and adolescents (p<0.001), and 2% to 9.6% in adults (p<0.001).Conclusions: Uptake of CSII in people with type 1 diabetes is low in Ireland, particularly in those ≥18 years. Identification of barriers to uptake, particularly in this group, is required.
Effect of unilateral pulsed jet lavage prior to vertebroplasty on the intravertebral pressure and cement distribution
Authors: Yan Jun , Liu Qiaohui , Zheng Yanping , Liu Ziqun , Liu Xinyu , Guo Xun , Liu Penghui , Chen Peng , Yuan Suomao , Tian Yonghao , xu Wanlong
Published: June 2020

Background: Percutaneous vertebroplasty is the most common treatment for osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture. However, the morbidity of vertebroplasty-related complications, such as cement leakage, remains high. We tested a new technique of unilateral pulsed jet lavage and investigated its effect on the intravertebral pressure and bone cement distribution.Methods: Thirty lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5) from six cadaver spines were randomly allocated into two groups (with and without irrigation). Prior to vertebroplasty, pulsed jet lavage was performed through one side of the pedicle by using a novel cannula with two concentric conduits to remove the fat and bone marrow of the vertebral bodies in the group with irrigation. The control group was not irrigated. Then, standardized vertebroplasty was performed in the vertebral bodies in both groups. Changes in the intravertebral pressure during injection were recorded. Computed tomography (CT) was performed to observe the cement distribution and extravasations, and the cement mass volume (CMV) was calculated. Results: During cement injection, the average maximum intravertebral pressure of the unirrigated group was higher than that of the irrigated group (4.92kPa versus 2.22kPa, P<0.05). CT scans showed a more homogeneous cement distribution with less CMV (3832 mm3 vs. 4344 mm3, P<0.05) and less leakage rate (6.7% vs. 46.7%, P<0.05) in the irrigated group than in the control group. Conclusions: Unilateral pulsed jet lavage can reduce intravertebral pressure and lower the incidence of cement leakage during vertebroplasty. An enhanced bone cement distribution can also be achieved through this lavage system.
Abdominal aortic calcification is associated with morbidity of cardiovascular disease and Fib-4 index in type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Togashi Yu , Shirakawa Jun , Miyashita Daisuke , Kyohara Mayu , Okuyama Tomoko , Arai Masanori , Inoue Ryota , Kanematsu Kenta , Kanataki Soichiro , Terauchi Yasuo
Published: June 2020

Background: Little is known about the association between abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among patients with diabetes. This study evaluated the cross-sectional association between AAC and CVD morbidity in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study enrolled 285 inpatients with type 2 diabetes. The lateral view of an abdominal X-ray image obtained while each subject was in a standing position was examined, and the AAC score and AAC length, corresponding to the area of calcific deposits in the anterior and posterior aortic wall for the L1-4 and L1-5 regions, respectively, were measured. The associations between the AAC scores and lengths and the presence of coronary artery disease (CAD), cerebral infarction (CI), and peripheral artery disease (PAD) were then assessed. The correlation between the AAC grades and other clinical factors were also evaluated. Results: The degree of AAC was significantly correlated with a higher prevalence of CAD and CI but not PAD after adjustments for cardiovascular risk factors. The AAC score was inversely correlated with BMI, and both the AAC score and the AAC length were correlated with the Fib-4 index; these correlations persisted after adjustments for cardiovascular risk factors and BMI, although AAC was not associated with ultrasonography-diagnosed fatty liver. Conclusion: AAC is associated with CAD and CI morbidity in patients with type 2 diabetes. AAC grading also predicts the Fib-4 index, a hepatic fibrosis marker, suggesting a novel potential predictor of liver disease that is independent of cardiovascular risk factors and obesity.
Integrity, Use, and Care of Treated Mosquito Nets in Kirinyaga County, Kenya
Authors: Nyangi Mary Wanjiku , Kigondu Elizabeth Mumbi , Irungu Beatrice , Nganga Margaret , Gachanja Anthony , Kinyanjui Martin , Nyangacha Ruth , Muniu Eratus , Kamau Luna , Gathirwa Jeremiah
Published: June 2020

Background: Vector control is an essential component in prevention and control of malaria in malaria endemic areas. Insecticide treated nets is one of the standard tools recommended for malaria vector control. The objective of the study was to determine physical integrity and insecticidal potency of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) used in control of malaria vector in Kirinyaga County, Kenya.Method: The study targeted households on an area which had received LLINs during the mass net distribution in 2016 from ministry of health. A total of 394 households were sampled using systematic sampling method with a random start, where the household heads consented to participate in the study. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to assess physical integrity, care and use. Chemical potency was analysed in the laboratory by use of gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 19. Results: After eighteen months of use, 97.8% (95% CI: 96.4% – 99.3%) of the distributed nets were still available. Regarding the net utilization, 93.7% of household heads reported sleeping under an LLIN the previous night. After physical examination, 47.9% (95% CI: 43% - 52.8%) of the bed nets had at least one hole. The median number of holes of any size was 2 [interquartile range (IQR) 1-4], and most holes were located on the lower part of the nets, [median 3 (IQR 2-5)]. Only 6.4% of the nets with holes had been repaired. The median concentration for alpha-cypermethrin was 7.15mg/m2 (IQR 4.25-15.31) and 0.00mg/g (IQR 0.00-1.99) for permethrin. Based on pHI Chi-square test results shows that net physical status varied significantly with the manufacturer There was no significant difference of chemical content between nets with different number of washes . Conclusion: The current study results shows that more than three-quarters of the nets supplied had survived and had insecticidal potency which was adequate in vector control. According to WHO classification 14.2% of nets supplied were too torn and required immediate replacement. In addition, studies for validated methods are needed to better understand field evaluation of surface insecticidal content available to a mosquito after landing on a bed net to rest.
CT features of pneumonia during COVID-19 pandemic warrant caution: An illustrative case report of cholangiocarcinoma with Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia
Authors: Liu Fang , Li Wen
Published: June 2020

Background: An outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome due to coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (COVID-19) that began at Wuhan, China in December 2019, spreading rapidly across China and many other countries. Considering the high false-negative rate of RT-PCR assay during initial COVID-19 pandemic in China, chest computed tomography (CT) was advocated as a means of corroborating clinically suspected infections.Case presentation: A 51-year-old man with clinical diagnosis of hepatic portal cholangiocarcinoma and Behcet's disease developed clinical manifestations suggestive of COVID-19 during the pandemic in China. The chest CT showed rapid progression to diffuse ground-glass opacities (GCOs) in both lungs, as in severe cases of confirmed COVID-19. He was finally diagnosed with Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PJP) according to the medical history, and Caspofungin plus TMP/SMX elicited a rapid response as normalizing both temperature and leukocyte count initially. Unfortunately, dyspnea was aggravated with resumed fever later, and non-invasive ventilation was no longer tenable. The patient himself (with support of his family) declined mechanical ventilatory assistance, succumbing to pneumonia and respiratory failure finally.Conclusions: CT diagnosis of COVID-19 during the current pandemic should warrant caution.
Surgical treatment for a rare case of ectopic tooth in the lateral wall of the nasal cavity
Authors: De Bortoli Manoela Moura , Arruda José Alcides Almeida de , Vasconcellos Ricardo José Holanda , Oliveira e Silva Emanuel Dias , Tormes Ana Karina de Medeiros , Moreno Amália , Sobral Ana Paula Veras
Published: June 2020

Among the ways to approach cases of ectopic teeth, the surgical approach is a valid option and should be considered, since it is considered simple and it permits direct visualization and a rapid recovery. The aim of this article is to report a rare case of ectopic tooth in the lateral wall of the nasal cavity caused by trauma in the maxillofacial region in childhood, and to describe its clinical and imaging characteristics as well as ways of treatment and surgical aspects. A 25-year-old woman was seen at the clinic of Maxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology due to the presence of a foreign body in the nose. A treatment plan was elaborated based on physical and radiographic examination. The tooth was removed by a surgical approach and the patient underwent esthetic rehabilitation. Surgical treatment of ectopic teeth provides a good and satisfactory postoperative result, is simple and mostly without complications. Ectopic teeth are rare, and the professional should be able to perform the diagnosis, indication and planning of treatment, as well as its execution. Surgical treatment is an option that produced an effective result in the present case.Descriptors: Mouth; Tooth, Impacted; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures.ReferencesVerma RK, Bakshi J, Panda NK. Ectopic intranasal tooth: an unusual cause of epistaxis in a child. Ear Nose Throat J. 2012;91(6):242-44.Gupta YK, Shah N. Intranasal tooth as a complication of cleft lip and alveolus in a four years old child: case report and literature review. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2001;11(3):221-24.Thor AL. Delayed removal of a fully intruded primary incisor through the nasal cavity: a case report. Dental Traumatol. 2002;18(4):227-30.Koçak HE, Özdamar K, Bilgi B, Aipayam H. Case report a rare cause of intranasal mass: bilateral ectopic nasal teeth. Iran J Otorhinolaryngol. 2017;29(94):287-89.Van Essen TA, Van Rijswijk JB. Intranasal toothache case report. J Laryngol Otol. 2013;127(3):321-22.Kim DH, Kim JM, Chae SW, Hwang SJ, Lee SH, Lee HM. Endoscopic removal of an intranasal ectopic tooth. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2003;67(1):79-81.Ray B, Singh LK, Das CJ, Roy TS. Ectopic supernumerary tooth on the inferior nasal concha. Clin Anat. 2006;19(1):68-74.Zalagh M, Akhaddar A, Benariba F. Chronic rhinorrhea revealing an actinomycotic rhinolithiasis with ectopic tooth. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2012;41(3):297-99.Moreano EH, Zich DK, Goree JC, Graham, SM. Nasal tooth. Am J Otolaryngol. 1998;19(2):124-26.Sammatino G, Trosino O, Perillo L, Cioff A, Marenzi G, Mortellaro C. Alternative transoral approach for intranasal tooth extraction. J Craniofac Surg. 2011;22(5):1944-46.Lee FP. Endoscopic extraction of an intranasal tooth: a review of 13 cases. Laryngoscope. 2001;111(6):1027-31.
INTERPRETASI MAKNA PADA WARUNG KOPI ACEH Studi Kasus: Warung Kopi Solong di Banda Aceh
Authors: Putra Riza Aulia , Ekomadyo Agus S.
Published: June 2020

Title: The Interpretation of Meaning in Aceh Coffee Shop

The gathering tradition in Acehnese people for silaturrahmi has long been established. A coffee shop is one of the artefacts from Aceh traditions or gathering culture for Acehnese people. Coffee shop is a place for social interaction and other various activities. One example of case that was taken is Solong Coffee shop located in the city of Banda Aceh. The purpose of this paper is to explore the spirit or genius loci that makes coffee shop in Aceh continue to live and thrive. By using the thinking of Norberg-Schulz, it will be studied and explored for more about image, space and character that create the genius loci in a Aceh coffee shop to attract the Acehnese people to choose the coffee shop as a place to do their various activities and social interaction. Reviewing these elements will obtain many factors that affect a place such as the meaning, identity and history of the place.
ARSITEKTUR RELIGI PESTA TIWAH DAYAK NGAJU SEBAGAI DAYA TARIK WISATA BUDAYA DI KALIMANTAN TENGAH
Authors: Iban Carlos , Elfrida Tuti
Published: June 2020

Title: The Religious Architecture of Tiwah Feast among Dayak Ngaju as Cultural Tourism Attractions in Central Kalimantan

The belief to a transcendent space among Dayak Ngaju people, especially for Kaharingan believers in Central Kalimantan, leads to the Tiwah Feast, a secondary funeral ceremony to transmit the soul of the dead to a celestial realm called The Lewu Tatau. The Tiwah Feast manifests in many meaningfulness of sacred symbols. There are certain rules in the implementation, particularly on the physical symbols and its religious architectures. This article emphasize the uniqueness of the symbols on the religious architecture of Tiwah Feast, which has the potential to become tourist attraction in the development of cultural tourism products. Using qualitative methods, data obtained through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation, in two different locations, in Tumbang Koling and Ramang Village. Sacred symbols on its religious architecture include Sapundu and Sandong. A sapundu manifests in the form of a human or animal figure, regarding to the personification of the ancestral spirit. It shows the way for the soul towards Lewu Tatau. Meanwhile, Sandong is a secondary burial coffin to put the ancestral bones. The construction and architecture should concern on foundation, size, height, carvings, and ornaments. This local wisdom is potential to be developed as a cultural tourism attraction. However, the sacredness of the Tiwah Feast must be maintained and preserved from cultural commercialization and commodification issues.
MAKNA BUDAYA PADA ELEMEN ARSITEKTUR RUMAH GADANG BODI CANIAGO MINANGKABAU DI PROPINSI SUMATRA BARAT
Authors: Abrar Aulia
Published: June 2020

Title: The Meaning of CaniagoStyle of Minangkabau Architecture in West Sumatra Province

Minangkabau Traditional Architecture has its own characteristics, both in architectural and philosophical. The shape of the building has a close relationship with the socio-cultural setting of the community. The characteristics of a building can be reviewed through rationalistic qualitative methods based on topology, morphology and typology theories. Traditional architectural elements can be characteristic of an area. So, each of the works created really have a strong and unique foundation, both in terms of structure, facade shape, spatial layout and also the use of its ornaments. The specific form is able to display forms that are in harmony with their environment so that they are able to remind people or the community of that environment. This form makes the Minangkabau architecture easy to remember and known everywhere because whatever is created has a strong foundation and is truly specific.
ANALYSIS OF URBAN FORM AND INFRASTRUCTURE IN PALEMBANG
Authors: Adiyanto Johannes , Nugroho Setyo , Atyanta Adhika
Published: June 2020

Title: Analysis of Urban Form and Infrastructure in Palembang

Analysis of physical characteristics of urban, which called urban form, can identify the shape, size, density, and configuration of settlements, which considered at the different scale: from regional to urban. In the different perspective, transportation shapes the cities. Based on these two concepts, this paper analyzing the growth of Palembang based on their infrastructure, especially transportation. This paper using the chronicles and narratives method with strategic overlay maps. The maps were arranged based on the years chronically and then analyzed the transportation infrastructure in that years. The results of this analysis, Palembang already growth based on the land transportation. The natural potential, the Musi River, was ignored. The main street, Jendral Sudirman street, become the ‘backbone’ of Palembang.
PERSEPSI PENGUNJUNG MENGENAI DAYA TARIK DAN HARAPAN TERHADAP KAWASAN BRAGA, BANDUNG
Authors: Salsabila Levana , Kusuma Hanson E. , Prakarso A. W. Bakri
Published: June 2020

Title: Visitor Perception about Attraction and Expectation of Braga Area, Bandung

Bandung as a popular city for travelers has a variety of attractions, ranging from natural to cultural heritage tourism. One of the areas that designated as cultural heritage attractions in Bandung is the Braga area. Historical buildings in this area can be recognized by the art deco architectural style on the facade of the building. As time goes by, the city of Bandung start to develop, followed by the appearance of new buildings in several regions including the Braga area. This study aims to identify the attractiveness and expectations of the Braga area according to visitors' perceptions. The research used qualitative method by collecting data using surveys in the form of online questionnaires that were distributed freely (snowball-non-random sampling), while the data analysis used content analysis. The results of the study revealed that there were three patterns of perception between attraction and expectation of the Braga region, namely Braga as a cultural heritage area, entertainment area, and circulation pathways.
PENGEMBANGAN FUNGSI HUNIAN BERDASARKAN IDENTITAS LOKAL PADA AREA WATERFRONT DI PASAR LAMA TANGERANG
Authors: Xavier Louis Osvaldo , Srinaga Felia , Mensana Alvar
Published: June 2020

Title: The Development of Residential District based on Local Identity on Waterfront Area at Pasar Lama Tangerang

The waterfront edges along Cisadane river considered as one of the environmental assets in the area of Pasar Lama (Old Town Market) in the city of Tangerang. However, such valuable asset is neglected due to current urban planning issues specifically on the placement of residential district and land-use planning within Pasar Lama adjacent context. This might caused disintegration between the residential and the commercial areas as the objective of a city to create a sense of place– it’s also diminished the identity of Pasar Lama (Old Town Market) as a Chinatown on the banks of the Cisadane River. This research study aim to raise several questions, namely: what are the criteria for a proper residential neighborhood in the context of the waterfront area, what is the function of residential district that has its own particular identity and how does it suitable for the particular context of waterfront area in Pasar Lama (Old Town Market), and how does the concept of identity could be applied on the waterfront area, in the Tangerang’s Pasar Lama (Old Town Market). This research study based on data collected from literature studies, field observations and on-site interview. The literature study discuss the functions of identity for a residential district, waterfront area and Pasar Lama (Old Town Market). Field observation studies were carried out to examine the theory and analyze the function of residential neighborhood, building accessibility, supporting facilities for residential areas, and Pasar Lama (Old Town Market) identity. The results of this study are finding the residential functions in which aligned with the parameters on residential design in the waterfront area and the local identity of the Tangerang Pasar Lama (Old Town Market). It aims to make the Pasar Lama (Old Town Market) areas to create and establish the local identity reflecting tourism, commercial and residential neighborhood, in addition to the mixed-use development on the waterfront area around the banks of the Cisadane river. Lastly, this research study also attempt to re-configure the land- use planning as well as strategize on how to locate the residential district that supports the

relationship to its adjacent commercial areas.
Integrated model predictive control of water resource recovery facilities and sewer systems in a smart grid: example of full-scale implementation in Kolding
Authors: Stentoft P. A. , Vezzaro L. , Mikkelsen P. S. , Grum M. , Munk-Nielsen T. , Tychsen P. , Madsen H. , Halvgaard R.
Published: June 2020

An integrated model predictive control (MPC) strategy to control the power consumption and the effluent quality of a water resource recovery facility (WRRF) by utilizing the storage capacity from the sewer system was implemented and put into operation for a 7-day trial period. This price-based MPC reacted to electricity prices and forecasted pollutant loads 24 hours ahead. The large storage capacity available in the sewer system directly upstream from the plant was used to control the incoming loads and, indirectly, the power consumption of the WRRF during dry weather operations. The MPC balances electricity costs and treatment quality based on linear dynamical models and predictions of storage capacity and effluent concentrations. This article first shows the modelling results involved in the design of this MPC. Secondly, results from full-scale MPC operation of the WRRF are shown. The monetary savings of the MPC strategy for the specific plant were quantified around approximately 200 DKK per day when fully exploiting the allowed storage capacity. The developed MPC strategy provides a new option for linking WRRFs to smart grid electricity systems.
A Comprehensive and Contemporary Review on Immunosuppression Therapy for Heart Transplantation
Authors: Goldraich Livia A. , Leitão Santiago A. Tobar , Scolari Fernando L. , Marcondes-Braga Fabiana G. , Bonatto Marcely G. , Munyal Dipika , Harrison Jennifer , Ribeiro Rafaela V.P. , Azeka Estela , Piardi Diogo , Costanzo Maria R. , Clausell Nadine
Published: June 2020

:

Heart transplantation is the standard of therapy for patients with end-stage heart disease. Since the first
human-to-human heart transplantation, performed in 1967, advances in organ donation, surgical techniques, organ
preservation, perioperative care, immunologic risk assessment, immunosuppression agents, monitoring of graft
function and surveillance of long-term complications have drastically increased recipient survival. However, there
are yet many challenges in the modern era of heart transplantation in which immunosuppression may play a key
role in further advances in the field. A fine-tuning of immune modulation to prevent graft rejection while avoiding
side effects from over immunosuppression has been the vital goal of basic and clinical research. Individualization
of drug choices and strategies, taking into account the recipient's clinical characteristics, underlying heart
failure diagnosis, immunologic risk and comorbidities seem to be the ideal approaches to improve post-transplant
morbidity and survival while preventing both rejection and complications of immunosuppression.

:

The aim of the present review is to provide a practical, comprehensive overview of contemporary immunosuppression
in heart transplantation. Clinical evidence for immunosuppressive drugs is reviewed and practical approaches
are provided. Cardiac allograft rejection classification and up-to-date management are summarized.
Expanding therapies, such as photophoresis, are outlined. Drug-to-drug interactions of immunosuppressive agents
focused on cardiovascular medications are summarized. Special situations involving heart transplantation such as
sarcoidosis, Chagas diseases and pediatric immunosuppression are also reviewed. The evolution of phamacogenomics
to individualize immunosuppressive therapy is described. Finally, future perspectives in the field of immunosuppression
in heart transplantation are highlighted.
Aging Liver: Can Exercise be a Better Way to Delay the Process than Nutritional and Pharmacological Intervention? Focus on Lipid Metabolism
Authors: Su Hao , Liu Dongsen , Shao Jia , Li Yinuo , Wang Xiaoxia , Gao Qi
Published: June 2020

Background & Aims:

Nowadays, the world is facing a common problem that the population aging
process is accelerating. How to delay metabolic disorders in middle-aged and elderly people, has become a hot
scientific and social issue worthy of attention. The liver plays an important role in lipid metabolism, and abnormal
lipid metabolism may lead to liver diseases. Exercise is an easily controlled and implemented intervention,
which has attracted extensive attention in improving the health of liver lipid metabolism in the elderly. This article
reviewed the body aging process, changes of lipid metabolism in the aging liver, and the mechanism and
effects of different interventions on lipid metabolism in the aging liver, especially focusing on exercise intervention.

Methods:

A literature search was performed using PubMed-NCBI, EBSCO Host and Web of Science, and also a
report from WHO. In total, 143 studies were included from 1986 to 15 February 2020.

Conclusion:

Nutritional and pharmacological interventions can improve liver disorders, and nutritional interventions
are less risky relatively. Exercise intervention can prevent and improve age-related liver disease, especially
the best high-intensity interval training intensity and duration is expected to be one of the research directions in
the future.
γ-Aminobutyric Acid and Derivatives Reduce the Incidence of Acute Pain after Herpes Zoster - A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Sadaeng Wuttapon , Márta Katalin , Mátrai Péter , Hegyi Péter , Tóth Barbara , Németh Balázs , Czumbel László M. , Sang-Ngoen Thanyaporn , Gyöngyi Zoltán , Varga Gábor , Révész Péter , Szanyi István , Karádi Kázmér , Gerber Gábor
Published: June 2020

Herpes zoster (HZ) causes considerable pain and distress, and γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) and its
derivatives are assumed to control this, but the available data are inconsistent. This meta-analysis and systematic
review aimed to assess the effectiveness of GABA derivatives in the prevention of acute herpetic pain. The metaanalysis
was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines using PICO format, registered in PROSPERO number
CRD42018095758. PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid, Scopus, and EMBASE databases were searched. Records
were included if they were randomized controlled trials of patients undergoing HZ infection, investigating the
effect of GABA derivatives versus placebo in the treatment of HZ pain. Eligible trials were evaluated for the risk
of bias. Then data were extracted and analysed. The number of patients with observed presence of pain after
treatment was used to calculate odds ratio in a random effect model with the DerSimonian-Laird estimator. The I2
statistic was analysed for heterogeneity. The potential risk of bias was measured using Egger’s regression test.
The meta-analysis included three randomized controlled trials with a total of 297 patients. The incidence of acute
HZ pain events for GABA group was significantly lower compared to placebo group,18/148 vs 44/149, respectively
(OR = 0.36; 95% CI = 0.14 to 0.93; Z = 2.11; P = 0.035), Egger’s test yielded P = 0.308. In conclusion, the
present meta-analysis demonstrates that GABA derivatives reduce the incidence of acute herpetic pain. However,
additional, well-designed randomized clinical trials are needed to determine their dose- and time-dependency
regarding this symptom.
Polyethylene Glycol as a Green and Biocompatible Reaction Media for the Catalyst Free Synthesis of Organic Compounds
Authors: Kardooni Rezvan , Kiasat Ali Reza
Published: June 2020

Replacing harmful organic solvents that caused environmental pollution with an alternative medium for the development of ideal synthetic strategies is one of the primary focal points of green chemistry. Utilizing polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a nonvolatile solvent and promotor for the evaluation of safe processes has made a considerable contribution to the reduction of pollution problems. The current review summarizes the recent well-known catalyst-free organic reaction performed in polyethylene glycol as a green and biocompatible reaction medium.
Design of Novel Drug-like Molecules Using Informatics Rich Secondary Metabolites Analysis of Indian Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
Authors: Karade Divya , Vijayasarathi Durairaj , Kadoo Narendra , Vyas Renu , Ingle P.K. , Karthikeyan Muthukumarasamy
Published: June 2020

Background:

Several medicinal plants are being used in Indian medicine systems from ancient
times. However, in most cases, the specific molecules or the active ingredients responsible for the medicinal
or therapeutic properties are not yet known.

Objective:

This study aimed to report a computational protocol as well as a tool for generating novel
potential drug candidates from the bioactive molecules of Indian medicinal and aromatic plants through the
chemoinformatics approach.

Methods:

We built a database of the Indian medicinal and aromatic plants coupled with associated
information (plant families, plant parts used for the medicinal purpose, structural information, therapeutic
properties, etc.) We also developed a Java-based chemoinformatics open-source tool called DoMINE
(Database of Medicinally Important Natural products from plantaE) for the generation of virtual library and
screening of novel molecules from known medicinal plant molecules. We employed chemoinformatics
approaches to in-silico screened metabolites from 104 Indian medicinal and aromatic plants and designed
novel drug-like bioactive molecules. For this purpose, 1665 ring containing molecules were identified by
text mining of literature related to the medicinal plant species, which were later used to extract 209
molecular scaffolds. Different scaffolds were further used to build a focused virtual library. Virtual screening
was performed with cluster analysis to predict drug-like and lead-like molecules from these plant molecules
in the context of drug discovery. The predicted drug-like and lead-like molecules were evaluated using
chemoinformatics approaches and statistical parameters, and only the most significant molecules were
proposed as the candidate molecules to develop new drugs.

Results and Conclusion:

The supra network of molecules and scaffolds identifies the relationship between
the plant molecules and drugs. Cluster analysis of virtual library molecules showed that novel molecules had
more pharmacophoric properties than toxicophoric and chemophoric properties. We also developed the
DoMINE toolkit for the advancement of natural product-based drug discovery through chemoinformatics
approaches. This study will be useful in developing new drug molecules from the known medicinal plant
molecules. Hence, this work will encourage experimental organic chemists to synthesize these molecules
based on the predicted values. These synthesized molecules need to be subjected to biological screening to
identify potential molecules for drug discovery research.
One-pot Synthesis of β-acetamido-β-(phenyl) Propiophenone using ZnO/Carbon Nanocomposites
Authors: Krithiga Thangavelu , Salla Sunitha , Jayabalan Karthikeyan , Kumar Jagadeesan Aravind
Published: June 2020

Aim and Objectives:

The focus of the present work is to synthesize ZnO/C composite
using dextrose as carbon source by combustion method and study the comparative evaluation on
one-pot synthesis of β-acetamido- β-(phenyl) propiophenone over ZnO nanoparticles and ZnO/C
composite catalyst.

Materials and Methods:

The ZnO nanoparticles has been synthesized by sol-gel method using zinc
nitrate and NaOH and ZnO/Carbon composites by combustion method using zinc nitrate and
dextrose as carbon source. The resulting gel was placed in a preheated muffle furnace at 400oC.
The solution boils and ignites with a flame. On cooling highly amorphous powder of ZnO/Carbon
composite is obtained.

Results:

The XRD patterns reveal the hexagonal phase with Wurtzite structure and the
nanocrystalline nature of the catalysts. The SEM image of ZnO/C composite showed that it
contains spherical particles with an average size of 41 nm. The average particle size of the
composite was around 60nm by DLS method. The catalytic activity of the ZnO/Carbon
composites has been analyzed by one-pot four-component condensation of benzaldehyde,
acetophenone, acetyl chloride and acetonitrile. The feed molar ratio of 1:1 (Bz:AP) and catalyst
loading of 30 mol% is found to be the optimal condition for β-acetamido ketone conversion over
ZnO/carbon composite.

Conclusion:

The substantial catalytic activity of the synthesized ZnO/C composite materials was
tested by one-pot four-component condensation of benzaldehyde (Bz), acetophenone (AP), acetyl
chloride (AC) and acetonitrile (AN) which showed a high β-acetamido ketone conversion under
the optimized reaction conditions. It has also been found that the catalyst is very stable and
reusable.
The Protective of Baicalin on Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Liu Xiaoli , Zhang Shanshan , Xu Chaoyue , Sun Yongchao , Sui Shujian , Zhang Zhaohua , Luan Yun
Published: June 2020

Background:

The aim of this study was to explore the inhibitory effect of baicalin on myocardial apoptosis induced by Ischemia-Reperfusion (I/R).

Methods:

Sprague Dawley rats' heart and myocardial cells I/R model were established in vivo and vitro, then 100 mg/kg and 10 μmol/l baicalin were administrated, respectively. The experiment was randomly divided into 4 groups (n=10): Control; I/R; IR+DMEM; and I/R+baicalin groups. Postoperation, the Left Ventricular (LV) End-Diastolic Pressure (LVEDP), the maximum velocity of LV contraction (dP/dtmax) and the maximum velocity of LV diastole (dP/dtmin) were recorded by the transthoracic echocardiography; the myocardial apoptosis percentage was analyzed by Annexin VFITC/ PI and TUNEL staining, and the apoptosis gene and protein were detected by RT-PCR and western blot. Furthermore, the protein expression of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) and ERK1/2 phosphorylation were observed by western blot and Fura-2-acetoxymethyl ester. Moreover, primary rats’ cardiomyocytes were cultured and ERK1/2 specific inhibitor PD98059 was added to the culture medium. The cell survival rate, vitality and apoptosis were detected by MTT, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and TUNEL staining assay Kit, respectively.

Results:

Our present study showed that baicalin significantly improved LV hemodynamic parameters and myocardial apoptosis in myocardial I/R injury rats. Furthermore, we found that baicalin could down-regulate the protein expression of CaSR, but up-regulate the protein expression of ERK1/2. Furthermore, when the cells were pretreated with ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059, the cells survival rate significantly decreased, but LDH activity and apoptosis significantly increased. The results indicated that the effect of baicalin on myocardial I/R injury could be inhibited by ERK1/2 inhibitor.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, our data suggests that baicalin attenuates I/R-induced myocardial injury maybe through the suppression of the CaSR/ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
A Bias in the Reading of the Genetic Code of Escherichia coli is a Characteristic for Genes that Specify Stress-induced MazF-mediated Proteins
Authors: Nigam Akanksha , Oron-Gottesman Adi , Engelberg-Kulka Hanna
Published: June 2020

Background:

Escherichia coli (E. coli) mazEF, a stress-induced toxin-antitoxin (TA) system,
has been studied extensively. The MazF toxin is an endoribonuclease that cleaves RNAs at ACA
sites. Thereby, under stress, the induced MazF generates a Stress-induced Translation Machinery
(STM), composed of MazF processed mRNAs and selective ribosomes that specifically translate the
processed mRNAs.

Materials and Methods:

Escherichia coli (E. coli) mazEF, a stress-induced toxin-antitoxin (TA) system,
has been studied extensively. The MazF toxin is an endoribonuclease that cleaves RNAs at ACA
sites. Thereby, under stress, the induced MazF generates a Stress-induced Translation Machinery
(STM), composed of MazF processed mRNAs and selective ribosomes that specifically translate the
processed mRNAs.

Results:

Here it is reported that for most of the E. coli proteins mediated by stress-induced MazF, the
ACA threonine codon in their mRNAs is not in-frame but rather out-of-frame; in these same RNAs,
the three synonymous threonine codons, ACG, ACU, and ACC, are in-frame. In contrast, for proteins
translated by the canonical translation system, in the majority of mRNAs, the ACA codon is located
in-frame.

Conclusion:

The described bias in the genetic code is a characteristic of E. coli genes specifying for
stress-induced MazF-mediated proteins.
The TRPM7 Channel in the Nervous and Cardiovascular Systems
Authors: Inoue Koichi , Xiong Zhi-Gang , Ueki Takatoshi
Published: June 2020

:

Transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7), along with the closely related TRPM6,
are unique channels that have dual operations: cation permeability and kinase activity. In contrast to
the limited tissue distribution of TRPM6, TRPM7 is widely expressed among tissues and is therefore
implicated in a variety of cellular functions physiologically and pathophysiologically. The discovery of
TRPM7’s unique structure imparting dual ion channel and kinase activities shed light onto novel and
peculiar biological functions, such as Mg2+ homeostasis, cellular Ca2+ flickering, and even intranuclear
transcriptional regulation by a cleaved kinase domain translocated to nuclei. Interestingly, at a higher
level, TRPM7 participates in several biological processes in the nervous and cardiovascular systems, in
which excitatory responses in neurons and cardiomyocytes are critical for their function. Here, we
review the roles of TRPM7 in cells involved in the nervous and cardiovascular systems and discuss its
potential as a future therapeutic target.
Progress and Promise of Nur77-based Therapeutics for Central Nervous System Disorders
Authors: Liu Lu , Ma Di , Zhuo La , Pang Xinyuan , You Jiulin , Feng Jiachun
Published: June 2020

Nur77 belongs to the NR4A subgroup of the nuclear receptor superfamily. Unlike other
nuclear receptors, a natural ligand for Nur77 has not been identified yet. However, a few small
molecules can interact with this receptor and induce a conformational change to mediate its activity.
The expression and activation of Nur77 can be rapidly increased using various physiological and
pathological stimuli. In vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated its regulatory role in tissues and
cells of multiple systems by means of participation in cell differentiation, apoptosis, metabolism,
mitochondrial homeostasis, and other processes. Although research on Nur77 in the pathophysiology
of the central nervous system (CNS) is currently limited, the present data support the fact that
Nur77 is involved in many neurological disorders such as stroke, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s
disease. This indicates that activation of Nur77 has considerable potential in treating these diseases.
This review summarizes the regulatory mechanisms of Nur77 in CNS diseases and presents available
evidence for its potential as targeted therapy, especially for cerebrovascular and inflammationrelated
CNS diseases.
Stromal Cell-Derived Factor (SDF) 2 and the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response of Trophoblast Cells in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and In vitro Hyperglycaemic Condition
Authors: Lorenzon Aline R. , Moreli Jusciele Brogin , de Macedo Melo Rafaela , Namba Felipe Yukio , Staff Anne Cathrine , Yung Hong Wa , Burton Graham J. , Bevilacqua Estela
Published: June 2020

Background and Aim:

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response and the unfolded
protein response (UPR) are essential cellular mechanisms to ensure the proper functioning of ER in
adverse conditions. However, activation of these pathways has also been associated with insulin resistance
and cell death in pathological conditions such as diabetes mellitus. In the present study, we investigated
whether stromal cell-derived factor 2 (SDF2)—an ER stress-responsive factor—is related to ER
response in placental cells exposed to maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or to a hyperglycaemic
in vitro condition.

Objective:

The study aimed to investigate the role of SDF2 in BeWo cells , a trophoblast cell line originating
from choriocarcinoma , and in placental tissue under hyperglycaemic conditions.

Methods:

Protein levels of SDF2 and UPR factors, glucose-related protein 78 (GRP78) and eukaryotic
initiation factor 2 alpha (elF2 alpha) were evaluated in the placentae of pregnant women diagnosed with
GDM and treated by diet-control (insulin was added when necessary). The mRNA expression of SDF2
and UPR factors CHOP and sXBP1 were assessed in cultured BeWo cells challenged with glucose and
treated with or without insulin.

Results:

SDF2 expression was increased in the placentae of GDM women treated with diet. However,
its values were similar to those of normoglycemic controls when the GDM women were treated with
insulin and diet. BeWo cells cultured with high glucose and insulin showed decreased SDF2 expression,
while high glucose increased CHOP and sXBP1 expression, which was then significantly reverted with
insulin treatment.

Conclusion:

Our findings extend the understanding of ER stress and SDF2 expression in placentae exposed
to hyperglycaemia, highlighting the relevance of insulin in reducing the levels of ER stress factors
in placental cells. Understanding the effect of ER stress partners such as SDF2 on signalling pathways
involved in gestation, complicated by hyperglycaemia, is pivotal for basic biomedical research and may
lead to new therapeutic possibilities.
Multiple Osteomas of Eustachian Tube Causing Ipsilateral Otitis Media
Authors: Saylisoy Suzan
Published: June 2020

Background:

Middle ear ventilation and the drainage of secretions are the basic functions
of the eustachian tube. Eustachian tube (ET) dysfunction can lead to otitis media. Multiple
causes of ET dysfunction exist; ET obstruction is one of them. Osseous obliteration of ET is quite
rare. In the literature, there are two cases of solitary osteoma and a case of hamartoma with an osseous
content in the ET. Herein, this report describes the case of a patient with multiple osseous lesions
consistent with osteomas in the ET, causing ipsilateral otitis media with CT findings.

Case Report:

A 53-year-old woman presented with left-sided intermittent otalgia and otorrhea.
Temporal bone computed tomography showed opacification of middle ear consistent with otitis media
and nearly complete blockage of the left ET lumen with multiple osseous lesions wall probably
consistent with osteomas on the left side.

Conclusion:

There are limited data about the radiological features of ET osteoma due to its rare occurrence.
Radiographically, external ear osteoma generally appears as a single pedunculated hyperdense
mass on CT scan originating from the tympanosquamous or tympanomastoid suture line and
extending into the auditory canal with otherwise preserved canal dimensions. Considering this information,
osseous lesions arising from ET bone wall and extending into the lumen in the present
case were considered as osteomas. Especially in the case of unilateral chronic otitis media, ET
should not remain a neglected anatomical area.
Content and Composition of Phospholipids, Fatty Acids and Sterols in Commercial Natural Phospholipid Excipients
Authors: Zheng Luxia , Shen Xiong , Wang Yingchun , Liang Jian , Xu Mingming , Fang Xinxin , Chen Gang , Chen Guilliang
Published: June 2020

Background:

Phospholipids are widely used in food and pharmaceutical industry as functional
excipients. In spite of the many analytical methods reported, there are very limited reports concerning
systematic research and comparison of phospholipid excipients.

Objective:

To present a comprehensive evaluation of commercial natural phospholipid excipients (CNPEs).

Methods:

Seventeen batches of CNPEs from five manufacturing enterprises, isolated either from soybean
or egg yolk, were investigated. The content and composition of phospholipids, fatty acids and
sterols as a whole were considered as the evaluative index of CNPEs. Eight kinds of phospholipids
were determined by Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (SFC), twenty-one kinds of fatty acids were
determined by Gas Chromatography (GC) after boron trifluoride-methanol derivatization, and nine
kinds of sterols were determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) after separation
and derivatization of the unsaponifiable matter. Cluster analysis was employed for the classification
and identification of the CNPEs.

Results:

The results showed that each kind of CNPEs had its characteristic content and composition of
phospholipids, fatty acids and sterols. Seventeen batches of samples were divided into eight groups in cluster
analysis. CNPEs of the same type from different source (soybean or egg yolk) or enterprises presented
different content and composition of phospholipids, fatty acids and sterols.

Conclusion:

Each type of CNPEs had its characteristic content and composition of phospholipid, fatty acid
and sterol. The compositions of phospholipid, fatty acid and sterol as a whole can be applied as an indicator
of the quality and characteristics for CNPEs.