bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Older Adults' Perceptions of Their Fall Risk and Prevention Strategies After Transitioning from Hospital to Home
Authors: Shuman Clayton J. , Montie Mary , Hoffman Geoffrey J. , Powers Katherine E. , Doettl Stacey , Anderson Christine A. , Titler Marita G.
Published: January 2019

Falls are common adverse events following hospital discharge. However, prevention programs are not tailored for older patients transitioning home. To inform development of transitional fall prevention programs, nine older adults designated as being at risk of falls during hospitalization who were recently discharged home were asked about their perceptions of fall risk and prevention, as well as their knowledge and opinion of materials from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Stopping Elderly Accidents, Deaths & Injuries Initiative. Using the constant comparative method, five themes were identified:
Sedentary Behaviors and Limited Functioning
;
Prioritization of Social Involvement
;
Low Perceived Fall Risk and Attribution of Risk to External Factors
;
Avoidance and Caution as Fall Prevention
; and
Limited Falls Prevention Information During Transition from Hospital to Home
. Limited awareness of and engagement in effective fall prevention may heighten recently discharged older adults' risks for falls. Prevention programs tailored to the post-discharge period may engage patients in fall prevention, promote well-being and independence, and link hospital and community efforts. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 45
(1), 23–30.]
Correlation of Clinical and Optical Coherence Tomography Findings in Postoperative Macular Hole Closure Status
Authors: Kwok Alvin K H , Lai Timothy Y Y , Yip Wilson W K
Published: January 2019

* OBJECTIVE: To determine the correlation between clinical and opticaJ coherence tomography findings in macular hole closure status after surgery.

* MATERIALS AND METHODS: Consecutive patients who underwent macular hole surgery were recruited prospect ively. All patients underwent detailed macular examination with noncontact and contact biomicroscopy, and linear cross-sectional optical coherence tomography was performed. Macular hole status was defined as elevated/open, flat/open, and flat/closed. Pearsons correlation coefficient was calculated to study the relationship between the clinical and optical coherence tomography findings by assigning a pseudo-value for hole status.

* RESULTS: Twenty-eight patients were recruited, with optical coherence tomography performed successfully in 27 cases. There was good correlation between the optical coherence tomography findings with both the noncontact (r=0.965; P-C. 001) and contact lens biomicroscopy (r=0.965; /VOOl).

* CONCLUSION: Optical coherence tomography findings of postoperative macular hole closure status correlate well with the clinical findings. Careful clinical examination alone may be adequate in determining the surgical anatomical end points in the majority of patients after macular hole surgery.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2003;34:25-32]
Macular Hole Secondary to Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion Diagnosed by Retinal Thickness Analyzer
Authors: Leibovitch Igal , Azmon Barak , Pianka Pazit , Alster Yair , Loewenstein Anat
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The Retinal Thickness Analyzer is a laser slit biomicroscopy imaging device that produces accurate measurements of retinal thickness and displays the images in a two-dimensional pattern, superimposed on a fundus image. This article reports a patient with decreased vision following branch retinal vein occlusion in whom the Retinal Thickness Analyzer was used to establish the diagnosis of a macular lamellar hole that was not apparent clinically. [Ophthalmic Suig Lasers Imaging 2003;34: 53-56]
A Wide-Field, High-Resolution Ophthalmoscopic Contact Lens
Authors: Mainster Martin A , Reichel Elias , Harrington Peter G
Published: January 2019

Abstract. A new inverted-image Ophthalmoscopic contact lens provides 2X laser spot magnification and a 117° degree instantaneous field of view. It has three times the resolution of very wide-field, inverted-image Ophthalmoscopic contact lenses to permit effective use of higher slit-lamp magnifications. The lens was designed for transpupillary thermotherapy with large lesions and panretinal photocoagulation with hazy ocular media. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers imaging 200334:76-77]
Heat Effects on the Retina
Authors: Piyathaisere Duke V , Margalit Eyal , Chen Shih-Jen , Shyu Jeng-Shyong , D'Anna Salvatore A , Weiland James D , Grebe Rhonda R , Grebe Lynnea , Fujii Gildo , Kim Sahng Yeon , Greenberg Robert J , De Juan Eugene , Humayun Mark S
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To study the heat and power dissipation effect of an intraocular electronic heater on the retina. The determination of thermal parameters that are nonharmful to the retina will aid in the development of an implantable intraocular electronic retinal prosthesis.

* MATERIALS AND METHODS: In dogs, five different retinal areas were touched with a custom intraocular heater probe (1.4 × 1.4 × 1.0 mm) for 1 second while the heater dissipated 0 (control), 10, 20, 50, or 100 mW. In a second protocol, the heater was mechanically held in the vitreous cavity while dissipating 500 m W for 2 hours while monitoring intraocular temperature. The animals were observed for 4 weeks with serial fundus photography and electroretinography. The procedure was then repeated in the fellow eye. The dogs were killed and both eyes were enucleated and submitted for histology.

* RESULTS: In experiments using protocol 1, heater settings of 50 mW or higher caused an immediate visible whitening of the retinal tissue. Histologically, this damage was evident only if the eyes were immediately enucleated. Permanent damage was caused by heater settings of 100 m W or higher. Under protocol 2, no ophthalmologic, electroretinography, or histologic differences were noted between the groups. Temperature increases of 5°C in the vitreous and 2°C near the retina were noted.

* CONCLUSIONS: The liquid environment of the eye acts as a heat sink that is capable of dissipating a significant amount of power. An electronic chip positioned away from the retina can run at considerably higher powers than a chip positioned on the retinal surface.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2003;34:114-120.]
Iris Prolapse at the Surgical Site: A Late Complication of Nonpenetrating Deep Sclerectomy
Authors: Hayms Michael , Geyer Orna
Published: January 2019

Abstract. To investigate the occurrence and management of late-onset iris prolapse through the surgical wound after nonpenetrating deep sclerectomy. Two cases of iris prolapse that presented 8 and 0 months, respectively, after surgery for glaucoma were reviewed. One of the cases was associated with mild trauma. The postoperative follow-up was 5 and 24 months, respectively. The iris tissue bulge did not progress and there were no other complications. The visual acuity was not affected and the intraocular pressure was controlled with medical therapy. These cases demonstrate that the eye is weaker than normal at the surgical site after nonpenetrating deep sclerectomy, allowing iris protrusion. Iris prolapse should be added to the list of late postoperative complications of nonpenetrating deep sclerectomy. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers imaging 2003;34:132-135.]
Corneoscleral Perforation After Pterygium Excision and Intraoperative Mitomycin C
Authors: Dadeya Subhash , Fatima Shibal
Published: January 2019

Abstract. A 28-year-old man underwent pterygium excision with a single intraoperative application of mitomycin C (0.02%) for 3 minutes. One week after the surgery, the patient developed a corneoscleral perforation with iris prolapse. To the best of our knowledge, corneoscleral melting in the first postoperative week after a single intraoperative application of mitomycin C has not been reported. Moreover, the perforation occurred despite using a minimum concentration of the drug, risk factors were absent, and the surgery was performed by an experienced surgeon. Although a single case, this report questions the safety of using an intraoperative application of mitomycin C for preventing a recurrence of pterygium. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2003;34:146-148.]
Evaluation of Limbal Conjunctival Autograft and Low-Dose Mitomycin C in the Treatment of Recurrent Pterygium
Authors: Nabawi Khaled S , Ghonim Mahfouz A , Ali Mohamad H
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of limbal conjunctival autograft and low-dose mitomycin C in the treatment of recurrent pterygium.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-four eyes with recurrent pterygium underwent surgical excision followed by the intraoperative application of low-dose (0.05%) mitomycin C and the use of limbal conjunctival autograft. All patients were observed for at least 18 months for any complications, including recurrences.

* RESULTS: Neither recurrences nor serious complications were recorded. Visual acuity improved significantly (P < .05) in eyes with pterygium extending 3 mm or more beyond the limbus.

* CONCLUSION: Simple excision and low-dose mitomycin C followed by limbal conjunctival autograft is a safe and effective way of treating recurrent pterygium.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2003; 34 : 193196.]
Opacification of Two Hydrophilic Acrylic Intraocular Lenses 3 Months After Implantation
Authors: Macky Tamer A , Werner Liliana , Soliman Mahmoud M , Pandey Suresh K , Izak Andrea M , Apple David J
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To report clinical, pathologic, histochemical, ultrastructural, and spectrographic analyses of explanted hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs) obtained from two patients who had early visual disturbances caused by postoperative opacification of the lens optic.

* MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hydrophilic IOLs were explanted from patients with decreased visual acuity. The patients became symptomatic 3 months after uneventful phacoemulsification and lens implantation. IOL optic opacification was associated with a fine granularity within the substance of the lens optic. The IOLs were examined by gross and light microscopy. Full-thickness cut sections of the optics were stained with 1% alizarin red (a special stain for calcium). Some sections were submitted for scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy.

RESULTS: Microscopic analyses revealed the presence of multiple fine, granular deposits of variable sizes within the optics of the lenses distributed in a line parallel to the anterior and posterior curvatures of the optic, with a clear zone just beneath the optics' surface. Extension of the opacification into the haptics of the IOLs could also be observed. The deposits stained positive with alizarin red. Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy of the internal substance of the IOLs also demonstrated the presence of calcium within the deposits.

* CONCLUSIONS: This is the first clinicopathologic report of optic and haptic opacification occurring with this hydrophilic acrylic IOL model only 3 months postoperatively. Further studies on other similar cases with this lens should be done to determine the incidence and possible mechanisms of this phenomenon.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2003;34:197-202.]
Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment With Schwartz's Syndrome Following Nd:YAG Laser Peripheral Iridectomy in the Management of Pigmentary Glaucoma
Authors: Heltzer James M , Schuman Joel S
Published: January 2019

Abstract. A case of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment complicated by Schwartz's syndrome following Nd:YAG laser peripheral iridectomy in the management of pigmentary glaucoma is described. A 36-year-old man underwent Nd:YAG laser peripheral iridectomy for pigmentary glaucoma. Three days later, he had a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. The break remained open following scleral buckling with persistent subretinal fluid, "iridocyclitis," and elevated intraocular pressure. Two months later, the patient underwent revision of the scleral buckle. Following closure of the retinal break, the retina flattened, and within 2 weeks the "iridocyclitis" resolved and the intraocular pressure decreased to approximately 20 mm Hg. Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment may occur following laser peripheral iridectomy, and suggests the necessity for a prospective clinical trial to evaluate the role of laser peripheral iridectomy in the management of pigmentary glaucoma. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2003;34: 206-208.]
Intraretinal Hemorrhage Associated With Leishmaniasis
Authors: Montero Javier A , Ruiz-Moreno José M , Sanchis Eugenia
Published: January 2019

Abstract. A 39-year-old man presented with sudden loss of visual acuity caused by two retinal hemorrhages with no choroidal neovascularization (confirmed by fluorescein angiography). The patient was hospitalized for malaise, progressive pancytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly, progressive anemia, and perianal inflammation. Positive serologies were obtained for toxoplasmosis (IgG) and Leishmania (1/160). A diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis was made, and the patient was treated with pentavalent antimonials. Two months later, best-corrected visual acuity was 20/25, with no residual scotoma. Indirect ophthalmoscopy showed complete resolution of the hemorrhages. This patient was an otherwise healthy immunocompetent adult who presented frank visceral leishmaniasis and retinal hemorrhages as the only ocular or systemic hemorrhagic findings, with spontaneous resolution after improvement of platelet levels. This rare cause of macular hemorrhage should be considered in areas where Leishmania is endemic. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2003;34:212-214.]
Binocular Indirect Panretinal Laser Photocoagulation for the Treatment of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Gurelik Gokhan , Coney Joseph M , Zakov Z Nicholas
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of indirect laser photocoagulation in eyes with severe preproliferative and proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospectively, 209 eyes were evaluated regarding the efficacy of indirect laser photocoagulation in eyes with no previous laser treatment, with previous laser treatment, and undergoing pars plana vitrectomy with indirect laser photocoagulation. Visual acuity and progression of retinopathy were documented.

* RESULTS: The no previous laser treatment group received a mean of 1 ,465 laser spots in an average of 1.3 sessions, with 80.8% of eyes having stable or improved vision. The previous laser treatment group received a mean of 1,149 laser spots in an average of 1.2 sessions, with 83% of eyes having stable or improved vision. The pars plana vitrectomy group received a mean of 1,039 laser spots in an average of 1.1 sessions, with improvement or stabilization of vision in 89.6% of eyes.

* CONCLUSIONS: Indirect panretinal photocoagulation should be considered for patients with diabetes when comfort, handicaps, and progression of severe retinopathy are a concern.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2004;35:94-102.]
Ultrasound Biomicroscopy and Management of Late Posterior Migration of a Ripcord Suture After Glaucoma Drainage Implant Surgery
Authors: Harasymowycz Paul J , Katz L Jay
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Three years after receiving a Baerveldt tube implant for neovascular glaucoma, a 50-year-old man presented to the Wills Eye Hospital Glaucoma Service with pain and decreased vision in his left eye. On examination, a 4-0 nylon ripcord suture was seen to have migrated posteriorly through the pupil and in front of the intraocular lens. The distal end of the suture was not seen on dilated indirect ophthalmoscopic examination or by standard B-scan ultrasonography. Ultrasound biomicroscopy examination was performed, and the distal end of the suture was found to lie just anterior to the pars plana. Careful removal of the suture was performed intraoperatively through two paracentesis incisions using Kelman forceps. Posterior ripcord migration is a rare complication after glaucoma drainage implant surgery, and ultrasound biomicroscopy imaging may be helpful in determining its proper management. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2004;35:149-151.]
Enhanced Documentation of Slit-Lamp Images of the Human Vitreous Stained With Fluorescein Sodium
Authors: Mori Keisuke , Yoneya Shin
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To develop a new method to document the slit-lamp image of the vitteous body as stained with fluorescein sodium.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The system consists of a Goldmann-type slit-lamp biomicroscope, a highly sensitive monochromatic charge-coupled device camera, and a video attachment for teal-time observation and recording. As a standard procedure, observation of the vitreous was conducted 60 minutes after intravenous administration of 500 mg of fluorescein sodium. This method was applied to 1 9 eyes with various eye diseases.

* RESULTS: Fine details of the vitreous were observed in all of the eyes. Posterior vitreous detachment could be recorded in 5 of the 19 eyes examined. Vitreoschisis and large lacunae were documented in 11 eyes.

* CONCLUSION: This method promises to be of value in detecting eatly age-related and pathological changes of the vitreous such as posterior vitreous detachment and vitreoschisis in clinics.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2004;35:233-238.]
Necrotizing Scleritis Following Diode Laser Transscleral Cyclophotocoagulation
Authors: Shen Sunny Y , Lai Jimmy S M , Lam Dennis S C
Published: January 2019

Abstract. A 23-year-old Chinese woman presented with necrotizing scleritis 10 months after diode laser cyclophotocoagulation for the treatment of her neovascular glaucoma. There were areas of scleral thinning with uveal prolapse in the superior quadrant. The inflammation and progression of the staphyloma were controlled with systemic steroids. Diode laser cyclophotocoagulation may not be safe in patients suspected to have underlying systemic vasculitic diseases. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2004;35:251-253.]
Suction-Assisted Two-Piece Cased Wide-Angle Contact Lens for Vitrectomy
Authors: Chalam K V , Shah Vinay A
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The conventional two-piece cased wideangle contact lens is modified to enhance its contact system by four quadrant plate extensions. A metal housing attached to the side of the plate has an opening at the inferior surface. A suction device is attached to the housing. Suction created by the device holds the contact lens on the cornea. This lens reduces the need for a skilled assistant to stabilize the contact lens. It provides a stable, well-centered view of the peripheral fundus during vitreous surgery. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2004;35:345-346.]
Prevention of Suture Knot Exposure in Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lens Implantation by 4-Point Scleral Fixation Technique
Authors: Baykara Mehmet , Avci Remzi
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The results and complications of posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) implantation by a 4-point scierai fixation technique are described.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty eyes of 47 patients who underwent scleral-fixated IOL implantation were retrospectively evaluated. Twenty-one (42%) eyes had a history of trauma and 29 (58%) eyes had previously undergone cataract surgery. In all cases, IOL implantation by 4-point scierai fixation was performed and the knots of fixation sutures were rotated and buried in the globe. The IOL position was adjusted by suture rotation for best centration.

* RESULTS: The mean follow-up time was 7 ± 4 months. Four (8%) eyes had minimal corneal edema preoperatively. Cystoid macular edema was noted in 2 (6.8%) eyes in the cataract surgery group and 8 (38%) eyes in the posttraumatic group. Two (9.5%) eyes in the posttraumatic group had atrophie macular changes and 1 (4.7%) had cornea! scarring, which impaired vision. No complications such as knot exposure, tilting of the IOL, decentralization, or endophthalmitis were noted postoperatively. Postoperative mean corrected visual acuity was 0.4 ± 0.3 in the posttraumatic group and 0.4 ± 0.2 in the cataract surgery group.

* CONCLUSION: The 4-point scierai fixation technique resulted in no serious postoperative complications such as suture exposure and endophthalmitis. Because the knot can be rotated and buried in the globe, knot exposure is less likely to occur. This procedure is more effective than other techniques regarding IOL centralization.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2004;35:379-382.]
Changing Concepts in Management of Circumscribed Choroidal Hemangioma: The 2003 J. Howard Stokes Lecture, Part 1
Authors: Shields Jerry A , Shields Carol L , Materin Miguel A , Marr Brian P , Demirci Hakan , Mashayekhi Arman
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To review trends in the management of circumscribed choroìdal hemangioma (CCH) and to propose treatment guidelines based on review of recent literature and the authors' personal experience with more than 250 cases.

* METHOD: The English-language literature on the management of CCH was reviewed, with emphasis on changing concepts in recent years.

* RESULTS: Xenon arc and argon laser photocoagulation and thermotherapy have been used to treat CCH with localized retinal detachment, but there has recendy been enthusiasm for photodynamic therapy (PDT) using fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography to monitor subretinal fluid and cystoid retinal edema before and after treatment. Tumors with extensive retinal detachment have been managed by surgical attempts at retinal reattachment followed by photocoagulation or cryotherapy, and more recently by radiotherapy. Management currently includes observation, argon laser photocoagulation, transpupillary thermotherapy, PDT, and radiotherapy. Enucleation may be necessary in rare cases. The goal of treatment should be to induce resolution of existing retinal detachment and to improve or stabilize visual loss.

* CONCLUSIONS: There is increasing use of PDT for CCH with localized retinal detachment and radiotherapy for CCH with more extensive detachment. Although follow-up is short, current methods may achieve better tumor control and better visual outcome. However, caution is advised because long-term follow-up is still not available.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2004;35:383-394.]
Cyclosporin-Augmented Laser Peripheral Iridoplasty
Authors: Crouch Earl R , Lattanzio Frank A , Williams Patricia B , Mitrev Peter V , Theobald Todd , Allen Robert C
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Almost all patients develop iritis following argon laser peripheral iridoplasty. Numerous adverse effects, particularly elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and reduced microbial resistance, complicate therapy with topical corticosteroids. An immunomodulator, such as cyclosporin A (CsA), avoids these undesirable effects, yet may suppress ocular inflammation.

* MATERIALS AND METHODS: Argon laser peripheral iridoplasty was performed on anesthetized rabbits with pigmented iris epithelium. Rabbits were randomly assigned to the untreated control, CsA (2%), or dexamethasone (0.1%) groups. Postoperative inflammation was documented by digital photography, IOP, and protein in aqueous humor.

* RESULTS: Iris injection, aqueous flare, and fibrin decreased most rapidly in the control group, as did protein in aqueous humor. Decreases in IOP of 49% to 58% were similar in all three groups. There were no differences in conjunctival congestion between the groups.

* CONCLUSION: Neither treatment with anti-inflammatory drugs that inhibit phagocytosis (eg, topical steroids) nor treatment with anti-inflammatory drugs that suppress T-lymphocytes (eg, topical CsA) significantly attenuated inflammation following iridoplasty.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2004;35:475-481.]
Neonatal Skin Emergencies
Authors: Siegel Mark , Lee Lara Wine
Published: January 2019

Although the majority of neonatal skin rashes can be safely monitored without intervention, there are a significant few that are dermatologic emergencies. When called to assess a neonate, it is important to distinguish what requires immediate diagnosis and treatment from those that represent benign etiologies. The skin may be the first clue to certain infections such as herpes simplex virus, syphilis, varicella, cytomegalovirus, fungal infections, and staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, all of which require immediate testing and some of which may lead to severe sequelae. Cutaneous findings in neonates may also indicate the need for further evaluation. Purpura fulminans, sclerema neonatorum, neonatal lupus, and blueberry muffin rash can be indications of other underlying disorders and are reviewed as well. This article outlines these potential neonatal dermatologic emergencies and highlights the important clinical clues to each.[Pediatr Ann.2019;48(1):e36–e42.]
Legislating the witch: a genealogy of juridical thought
Authors: Warren Johnson Brian
Published: January 2019

Long before the prosecution of individuals for witchcraft was rendered a legal impossibility in the states of modern Europe, the judicial and executive institutions of those states and their precursors were decisive in both legitimating and moderating, facilitating and constraining the detection, trial, and execution of alleged witches. If we are to impute more than unresolved cognitive dissonance to this paradoxical relationship of the apparatus of state to the perceived reality and threat of witchcraft, then the preconditions and contextual factors predicating that relationship bear investigation. This paper identifies genealogical traces of criminological, political, social, and religious thought embedded within several pivotal bodies of early-modern law pertaining to witchcraft, and attempts to infer the cultural, institutional, and textual sources and conditions from which they derive.
Use of Gamification Applications in Science Education
Authors: Hursen Cigdem , Bas Cizem
Published: January 2019

In this research, the impact of gamification applications in science education on the science learning motivation of students has been determined and the opinions of students and parents on applications have been discussed. A total of 16 students and their parents partic-ipated in the study. The research was conducted on 4th grade primary students and em-ployed a mixed method consisting of both qualitative and quantitative elements. The moti-vation of students for learning science was obtained through quantitative data, whereas the opinions of students and parents on the usage of gamification applications were gathered through qualitative data. In the study, it was found that applications in science education created a positive impact on the learning motivation of students for science. Additionally, the research results also displayed that students and parents have positive opinions on the usage of gamification in science education.
The Role of the Clusters Analysis Techniques to Determine the Quality of the Content Wiki
Authors: Boulaajoul Mouna , Aknin Noura
Published: January 2019

The online sources of the web, since years, are an extraordinarily important base of information and knowledge. Indeed, the web is one of the best access point to any type of information. For the users who want to share their knowledge, the wiki system is a powerful tool.

Nevertheless, any system has its limits. The investigation on the contributions performance of individual contributors is yet unexplored because it is partly related to the design of wikis which is considered for collaborative work. Consequently, this has made the assessment and evaluation of individual contributions a hard task.

In this research, we will attempt to emphasize the significance of distinguishing the relevant articles based on the opinions of contributors and their contributions. In this way, we will focus on the utilization of data mining using clusters analysis and k-means algorithm techniques.
Architecture Design of Datacenter for Cloud English Education Platform
Authors: Chang Ming , Zhang Min
Published: January 2019

Considering the importance of datacenter to cloud English edu-cation platform (CCEP), this paper designs a novel datacenter for the CEEP which realizes resource pooling on the storage, network, computation and other infrastructures through integration of virtualization technology. Meanwhile, the intelligent, automatic and centralized service orchestration and scheduling man-agement were implemented via the global CEEP system. On this basis, a com-plete datacenter solution was developed for the CEEP. Through performance analysis, it is concluded that the solution can significantly improve the effec-tiveness, resource utilization, service deployment efficiency as well as operation and maintenance management.
Data Acquisition and Mining Algorithm of Car Networking under Big Data Background
Authors: Xiong Guohua
Published: January 2019

In order to solve the problem of traffic jams, intelligent traffic technology and car networking technology were applied. In the context of big data, data acquisition and mining algorithms for vehicular network were studied. First, the overall architecture of the system was introduced. Then, the data acquisition technology based on the car network and the data mining technology based on the cloud plat-form were introduced. Finally, simulation experiments of real-time traffic information collection and recognition algorithms were performed. The results showed that the proposed mining algorithm had better data repair effect and better clustering effect, and the probability of misjudgment was smaller. Therefore, the algorithm can obtain accurate road traffic conditions.
Application of Multi-Source Data Hybrid Technology in Navigation and Communication Technology
Authors: Xiong Jinzhu
Published: January 2019

In order to improve navigation and communication technology, multi-source data mixing technology was applied. First, the background and domestic and foreign research status were summarized. The communication technology, positioning technology in navigation, and radio orientation technology were introduced. Then, based on the multi-source data of the ship communication, the embedded hybrid platform was built. According to the configuration of the hardware, the kernel source code was modified and ported to an embedded hybrid platform. Finally, according to the FHS standard, a root file system was established. The multi-source data hybrid communication system display interface and multi-source data fusion PRONAVI system were designed. The results showed that the platform could manage and store all types of collected data. Therefore, this technology can mix and transmit multi-source data.
Bioethics via Africology
Authors: Iyioke Ike Valentine
Published: January 2019

This chapter articulates upon an appropriate rubric towards practice frameworks in regards to Africa. It calls for the careful adoption and adaptation of Euro-American bioethics principles and indigenizing them into the African context via the matrix of Africology (Afrocentrism). Efforts on the specifics of refocusing attention on core bioethics principles and values are a welcome development that would help reflect the local color in various cultures, bolstering the push to come up with an appropriate blueprint for bioethics practice that recognizes the multiplicity of cultures worldwide.
The Need Towards Bicultural Social Services in Supporting Senior Chinese Migrants Towards Their Pursuit of Mauri Ora in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Hu Lingyun
Published: January 2019

On the basis of growing interest in a proportion of the aging population and a significantly increased number of immigrants in New Zealand (NZ) in recent years, this chapter tries to identify and describe the value of Mauri Ora. Mauri Ora included many Maori methods, such as takepu taukumekume, whakakoha rangatiratanga, kaitiakitanga, tino rangatiratanga, manaakianga, and ahurutanga, which in shaping practice is reflected in social services for old people. More importantly, these Maori methods can efficiently guide social practice and help senior Chinese immigrants to blend in a new country. A good understanding of the aged social wellbeing is regarded as a method of evaluating the modern society's grade of maturity, and the social services should be the key to help communities to achieve their main goal. This chapter tries to compare and contrast the old NZ people's social wellbeing that depicts their different living places, mainly focusing on the rest home and the own elderly home.
A Comparative Analysis of Land, Caste, and Gender in Tamil Nadu and Madhya Pradesh With Reference to India
Authors: Thangaraj M.
Published: January 2019

Land is a gift of nature and its supply is perfectly inelastic. The quality of land differs very much from one place to another. Land is an important productive asset in rural India. Land is the backbone of agriculture. It serves as the base for all living beings. Nearly two-thirds of the workforce directly or indirectly depends on agriculture for their livelihood. About one-fifth of national income is derived from agricultural sector. Agriculture is a risky and most uncertain economic activity, as it heavily depends upon the vagarious of monsoon. Land market is a significant economic activity and may be classified into land sale market and land lease market both in rural and urban areas. Land reform is one of the regulating mechanisms of the agrarian activity which may be classified into 1) reforms aimed at changing ownership pattern (re-distributive reform) or 2) reforms dealing with leasing of land (tenancy/tenure reform).
Applications of the Indigenous and Modern Career Counselling in Education
Authors: Oigara James N. , Lyimo Godrick E.
Published: January 2019

The career development field is continually growing and changing to reflect the current career realities of individuals, changes in society, and in the world of work. The main aim of this chapter is to explore the relationship between modern and indigenous career counselling. The relatively under-researched indigenous career counselling approach can be blended with modern career counselling to help students handle their challenges specifically related to career choice. This strategy provides an interpretive tool trying to create a third space or bridging areas between the indigenous and modern career counselling approaches within the Tanzanian context. The study revealed that some school counsellors employ both indigenous and modern counselling to address career challenges among the secondary school students. The blending of indigenous and modern career counselling creates a balanced guidance and counselling service which relates students to the careers that are relevant to their context which promotes the development of community-based careers.
A Theoretical Perspective Towards Social Inclusion of Fisher Community in Chennai Region, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Sultana H. Yasmeen , Jamal M. Abdul , Sama A.
Published: January 2019

India is the world's fourth largest fishing nation, accounting for over 4.39% of the global fisheries. The country with the long coastline of 8,118 km has an exclusive economic zone (EEZ) for the fisher folks who constitute nearly 0.6% of the total population. The fisheries sector of India is immensely contributing to the economy of the country. It contributes to the national income, exports, food and nutritional security, and in employment generation. India being a sub-continent surrounded on the three sides with waters has a greater chance for fishing and its allied activities. Fishing communities are socially, economically, and educationally disadvantaged. This chapter will highlight the effort of the state governmental initiatives to enhance social inclusion of fishermen community.
Kaitiakitanga
Authors: Sadler-Howe Nadia Minee
Published: January 2019

The chapter draws from notions and experiences of kaitiakitanga (guardianship) in the context of a pūrākau (indigenous narrative) approach to understanding and developing a Kaupapa Māori conceptual framework. This approach acknowledges Mātauranga Māori (Maori bodies of knowledge) as the theoretical basis for Kaupapa Māori praxis, particularly in the field of health and social services. A pūrākau approach includes utilizing whakapapa kōrero (genealogical narratives) as it informs the use of traditional principles, beliefs, and practices (tikanga) in working alongside Māori whānau, hapū, and iwi. These purakau identify natural elements represented in the form of Ātua, or Gods. Through whakapapa (genealogical descent), Maori episteme positions tangata whenua within nature. The indigenous worldview recognizes the inter-connected relationships, obligations, and responsibilities that underpin the philosophical positioning of kaitiaki practices.
Empowerment of Women Through Microfinance
Authors: Patilkale Prity Purushottam , Haque Shabana , T. Sathya
Published: January 2019

One of the most popular goals of most of the development programs and especially of microfinance programs is empowerment of women. Empowerment is closely related to the concept of power, which can be understood in terms of “power to,” “power within,” “power with,” and “power over.” Empowerment can be judged at various levels such as at individual level, family level, and collective level. Microfinance has become an important component of development, poverty reduction, and economic regeneration strategy around the world. By the early 21st century, tens of millions of people in more than 100 countries were accessing services from formal and semi-formal microfinance institutions (MFIs).
Security Assurance in Agile Software Development Methods
Authors: Rindell Kalle , Hyrynsalmi Sami , Leppänen Ville
Published: January 2019

Agile software development was introduced in the beginning of the 2000s to increase the visibility and efficiency software projects. Since then it has become as an industry standard. However, fitting sequential security engineering development models into iterative and incremental development practices in agile methods has caused difficulties in defining, implementing, and verifying the security properties of software. In addition, agile methods have also been criticized for decreased quality of documentation, resulting in decreased security assurance necessary for regulative purposes and security measurement. As a consequence, lack of security assurance can complicate security incident management, thus increasing the software's potential lifetime cost. This chapter clarifies the requirements for software security assurance by using an evaluation framework to analyze the compatibility of established agile security development methods: XP, Scrum, and Kanban. The results show that the agile methods are not inherently incompatible with security engineering requirements.
A Framework for Image Encryption on Frequency Domain
Authors: Liu Zhe , Yang Mee Loong , Yan Wei Qi
Published: January 2019

In this chapter, the authors propose an improved image encryption algorithm based on digital watermarking. The algorithm combines discrete wavelet transform (DWT), discrete cosine transform (DCT), and singular value decomposition (SVD) together in a DWT-DCT-SVD framework to improve the robust watermarking technique. The secret image is embedded into both high-frequency and low-frequency sub-bands of the host image; this makes it difficult to be attacked in all the sub-bands. To reduce the size of a secret key, the authors use a logistic map to generate random images so as to replace the host images. They tested the algorithm by using five types of attacks and the results indicate that the proposed algorithm has higher robustness than traditional chaotic scrambling method and the DRPE method. It shows strong resilience against the five types of attacks as well as statistical attacks.
Challenges in Agile Security Engineering
Authors: Rindell Kalle , Hyrynsalmi Sami , Leppänen Ville
Published: January 2019

This chapter describes a case of a large ICT service provider building a secure identity management system for a government customer. Security concerns are a guiding factor in the design of software-intensive products and services. They also affect the processes of their development. In regulated environments, development of products requires special security for the development processes, product release, maintenance and hosting, and also require security-oriented management and governance. Integrating the security engineering processes into an agile development model is argued to have the effect of mitigating the agile methods' intended benefits. The project case was an effort of multi-team, multi-site, security engineering, and development work, executed using the Scrum framework and regulated by governmental security standards and guidelines. In this case research, the experiences in combining security engineering with agile development are reported, challenges discussed, and certain security enhancements to Scrum are proposed.
The Impacts of Omni-Channel Purchasing Behavior on Service Quality
Authors: Patten Elena
Published: January 2019

In omni-channel retailing, the combination of different retail channels along the different customer touchpoints has become the predominant purchasing pattern for customers. The consumers´ purchasing behavior has changed tremendously with the development of e-commerce. The so-called omni-channel customers tend to switch retail channels during their purchasing process. In order to address changing consumer behavior, omni-channel fashion retailing companies still need to learn how to be able to provide an excellent service to these customers. This chapter aims to investigate this phenomenon from the perspective of omni-channel customers.
Competing Through Online Service Failures and Recovery Strategies
Authors: Rai Dipen , Appiah Dominic
Published: January 2019

The ideas of service failure and recovery strategies have been transformed, due to the internet environment, from a consumer-provider perspective to a multifaceted web quality activity. The research on service failure and recovery strategies has been well-developed in terms of the consumer's viewpoint of service as well as the responsibility for recovery conventionally expected to be allotted to the marketer. On the contrary, existing research indicates that there is a limited range of understanding of consumer-website interactivity relating to online service failure and recovery strategies as well as less understanding of the highly diverse characteristics of computer-mediated marketing environments (CMMEs). The perspectives of CMMEs relate to online customer behavior as distinct from conventional behavior. In fact, providers are involved in intense activity in the online environment in terms of market competition, as customers are positioned just a click away from switching providers in the case of service failure.
Calculation of Facebook Marketing Effectiveness in Terms of ROI
Authors: Semerádová Tereza , Weinlich Petr
Published: January 2019

This chapter demonstrates how to assess the performance of organic and sponsored activities on Facebook using the data available in Facebook Ads Manager, Facebook Page Insights, and Google Analytics. The main aim of the proposed ROI calculation model is to connect common social media marketing objectives with the analytical information available. The main emphasis is put on the technical aspect of ad performance assessment. The authors explain how the Facebook attribution system and post-impression algorithm work, describe the relation between advertising goals and metrics displayed as achieved campaign results, and demonstrate how to derive ROI indexes from different Facebook conversions. The chapter also includes a practical example how to calculate current and future value of ongoing ads.
Reinforcing Responsible Learning
Authors: Rivera John J. , Colfax Richard S. , Diego Joann C. E.
Published: January 2019

This chapter reviews the common business practice of providing an employee handbook to new employees, which should guide employee behavior. The expectations and responsibilities of employees are accepted and documented using an employee acknowledgement statement. These real-world practices are introduced to the college human resource management classroom through the course syllabus and a document called a “Course Start Contract” or “Acknowledgement of Syllabus and Course Requirements” developed by the authors. The Course Start Contract explains and reinforces the need for college students to accept responsibilities in the classroom in the same way that employees must accept responsibility and comply with organizational requirements in the workplace.
Technology Tools for Integration in the Classroom
Authors: Olah Dean Anthony
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this chapter is to help educators learn about tools, techniques, and resources that can help them use technologies to increase engagement and enhance learning outcomes for their students. The chapter will introduce free and low-cost programs and resources available on the internet and app stores for teachers as part of the instructional and administrative process. Instructional technologies have the inherent potential to assist educators in addressing the challenges in this modern-day world. Many of the resources and tools can be accessed through most connected devices and web browsers.
Reflections on the Pedagogy of International Field Schools in Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Johnson Kirk , Eria Josealyn , Hadley Alison , Farahmand Mehraban , Perwani Ni Made Desa
Published: January 2019

Over the past 15 years, through the platform of a senior-level undergraduate course at the University of Guam, a team of professors, researchers, and development practitioners have been striving to refine a pedagogic approach that draws on the value of an embedded international field school to Bali, Indonesia. These efforts are designed to help students understand and appreciate the foundational concepts of community development, while also fostering a learning environment and an experiential program that empowers participants to actively engage in social discourses that contribute in positive and transformative ways to their communities. Employing a curriculum that focuses on both classroom work and international field school experience, students and professors as well as many other participants in the field explore such concepts and practices that are proving to be essential to a sound understanding of community development in the modern age.
Review
Authors: Ranasinghe Madhushi P. , Halgamuge Malka N.
Published: January 2019

Cognitive radio technology (CRNs) will be the fundamental driving force behind the next generation (5G) mobile communication systems as it provides the optimal solution for the problem of spectrum scarcity via dynamic spectrum usage. The CRNs, however, pose several key challenges such as network management, spectrum allocation, and access, energy efficiency, interference, cost, spectrum sensing, security, and quality of service (QoS). In this chapter, the authors undertake a comprehensive analysis of 30 peer-reviewed scientific publications collated from 2017 to 2018 April that examine cognitive radio networks to identify practical solutions proposed to overcome critical challenges in this field. Nine distinct challenges were considered: network management, spectrum allocation, and access, energy efficiency, interference, cost, spectrum sensing, security, and QoS. The analysis demonstrates that the majority of research work related to CRN focuses on approaches to improve network management and, specifically, optimization of networks.