bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Off-farm income diversification among rural farm households in Nigeria
Authors: Adeoye Ifeoluwa Damilola , Seini Wayo , Sarpong Daniel Bruce , Amegashie Ditchfield
Published: June 2020

This paper aims to analyze the extent of off-farm income diversification of farm households in rural areas of Nigeria by age, gender, educational qualification, farm size, household size and across the different regions in the country. The determinants of such diversification were also identified. Data for this study were obtained from 836 rural farm households using the Nigeria General Household Survey, 2013. The Herfindahl Index was employed to analyze the share of income from different income generating activities, extent of off-farm income diversification. Tobit Regression Model was used to identify the determinants of such diversification.

An estimate of 0.28 was observed for the Nigerian rural farm households with a higher extent of diversification in the Northern regions. Males, older farmers, and farmers without formal education had a higher extent of diversification. The results show that having higher landholdings, post-primary education, access to electricity and location are major factors. Identifying the extent of diversification into the different off-farm sectors is relevant to inform policy and provide opportunities for promoting the different off-farm sectors with an ultimate goal of improving rural farm households’ livelihoods. This has its resultant effect on development of the entire rural space.
On ψ Bounded Solutions for a Nonlinear Lyapunov Matrix Differential Equation on 𝕉
Authors: Diamandescu Aurel
Published: June 2020

Using Banach and Schauder - Tychono fixed point theorems, existence results for a nonlinear Lyapunov matrix differential equation on 𝕉 are given. The obtained results generalize and extend the results from [5] and [18].
Numerical Kinematical Analysis of the Shaping Mechanism
Authors: Tătaru Vladimir Dragoş , Tătaru Mircea Bogdan
Published: June 2020

The paper deals with the complete kinematical analysis of the mechanism that enters the machine tool structure designed to generate, in particular, plane surfaces. A machine tool of this kind is called shaping machine. For this purpose, Euler’s relations concerning the velocities distribution, written in projections on the fix reference system axes will be used. Starting from these relations we will get to a system of the first order linear differential equations whose unknowns are the kinematical parameters of the mechanism elements. The variation in time of these parameters will be obtained by solving the differential equations system the differential equations system using numerical integration methods.
Mistificări Și Recuperări Biografiste: „Cazul” Lucian Blaga
Authors: Pavel Ioana
Published: June 2020

This study is based on a research on literary criticism, with a focus on several aspects of Lucian Blaga’s biography from an ideological perspective, aiming and examining its falsifications before 1989 and its true version after the socialist period. Due to most of the papers published by his daughter, Dorli Blaga (more specific, correspondence, diaries and official documents), we could claim that Blaga represents not only a literary case, but also a political one. To be more precise, the purpose of this article is to reveal some demystifications directly related to his biography, outlining three main periods in what concerns Blaga’s reception: the ’50s, the ’60s and the after ’90s.
Măştile Blagiene: O Perspectivă Asupra Mitului Dramatic – Contururi De Formă Şi Fond
Authors: Dumitrescu Alina Maria
Published: June 2020

The following article concentrates on the analysis between the elements that appear in Lucian Blaga’s theatre. In foreground, it is put the relationship between the playwright and the idea of „dramatic myth”. On the other hand, it is described the way in which the tragic dimension affects the characters of each play, their struggle with suffering and the way they look to religion. Also, it is talked about the difference between the terms „drama”and „theatre”and also, „tragedy”and „tragic”. There are brought different opinions of literary critics, such as Eugen Todoran or Constantin Cubleşan, alongside with other references from writers and filosofers – Mircea Eliade, I. Kant etc. At the end of the study, it is talked about the parallel between the ancient theatre of greeks and the modern theatre of nowadays – especially on the fact that Lucian Blaga’s theatre acts better in the contemporary epoch than in the traditional one.
Lucian Blaga – Fatalismul Mioritic. Polemici De Epocă
Authors: Pascariu Lucreția
Published: June 2020

The study looks into the perception of Lucian Blaga’s philosophical theories, in particular those conferred in the volume titled „Spațiul mioritic”. This volume brought about a series of controversial discussions around philosophy, literature and religion that subsequently led to the formation of divergent views around Blaga’s theories.Furthermore, the correlation between his theories and the ballad “Miorița” stands as proof for the national identity together with the literary function of the narrative work. In other words, the study emphasizes the problem of interference within the whole philosophical system, through references to the narrative work “Miorița” together with Blaga’s ethical system.
Gherasim Luca – O Poetică Spectaculară
Authors: Marinaș Andreea Mihaela
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the spectacular features of Gherasim Luca’s poetry. More specifically, the research starts from what generates the spectacular in his poetry: the erotica and the advertising feature of the poems. This study intends to analyse and explain how the eroticism of poetry, by its advertising dimension (meaning that poetry highlights the woman and erotic scenes like an advertising) offers to Gherasim Luca’s poetry the spectacular dimension. The blend of the two areas (erotica and the conative function of language) creates the spectacular, transferring sexuality from intimacy to the public, just as an advertising highlights in public an element of intimacy. The research is based on some senses of eroticism, from the most important theoretical studies, as Georges Batailles, André Breton and Octavio Paz. Also, there are discussed the images of the woman and the sexual deviations in Gherasim Luca’s poems.
Liniştea Sau Cufundarea În Sine
Authors: Ciortea Eduard-Titus
Published: June 2020

This paper is intended as a hermeneutical approach of Lucian Blaga’s Stalactita (The Stalactite) poem. In order to achieve our main goal, that of discovering newer and newer semantic horizons, we will use close reading as a default working tool.
Imagini Culturale Istorice În Lirica Lui Blaga
Authors: Gogoşeanu Mihaela-Oana
Published: June 2020

The aim of this paper is to identify, in Lucian Blaga’s poetry, historical images of several foreign cultures, such as African, Indian and Ancient Greek. Starting from his outline from the Trilogy of Values, we will select poems where few dimensions of these three cultures are depicted. Even though they appear to be far from the Romanian stylistic matrix, key aspects of the historical cultural images compose a unique vision that imprint the structure of Blaga’s imaginary.
Elemente Avangardiste În Perioada Postbelică
Authors: Elisabeta Dordea Daniela
Published: June 2020

In this article we discuss the avant-garde phenomenon, emphasizing that it promotes thinking without prejudice or limits, in which the writer can explore completely new horizons of creativity. Both Virgil Mazilescu's poems and Nora Iuga's poems (both under the oneiric mantle), illustrate the idea of freedom in terms of poetic thinking and poetry, despite the political and literary context in which they were.
General Kinetic Models for Vehicular Traffic Flows and Monte-Carlo Methods
Authors: Herty M. , Klar A. , Pareschi L.
Published: June 2020

In this paper we present a general derivation of kinetic models for traffic flows including different kinds of interaction rules. We show that most kinetic previously derived models can be cast in the actual formulation. The development of Monte-Carlo methods for direct simulation of kinetic models is considered as an initial step towards realistic and effcient computations of traffic phenomena. Monte-Carlo methods are developed for these kinetic models. Several numerical examples are computed and compared to the previously obtained solutions of the stationary equation.
Melamine migration measurement through spectrophotometry device and the effect of time and tableware type on it
Authors: Haghi Ehsan , Shakoori Attaollah , Alimohammadi Mahmood , Razeghi Fariba , Sadighara Parisa
Published: June 2020

Melamine is an organic-based chemical material widely used in the production of tableware. Given the adverse effects of melamine on human health, melamine tableware can be a source for its introduction into the human body. The aim of this study was to use a simple method for monitoring the rate of melamine migration from the tableware to food and the effect of time and tableware on this migration. To measure the migration, spectrophotometry was used. The limit of detection (LOD) of the method was 0.2 (μg/ml), which is functional for measuring the rate of migration. The investigation of sample migration of melamine tableware revealed that migration has occurred across all samples. The rate of migration in all samples was less than the standard level of the European Union (30 μg/ml). Statistical analysis indicated that time is an important factor in melamine migration, which significantly increased (p<0.05) in 93% of cases with lengthening the contact time from 30 minutes to 90 minutes. The type of tableware (new or old) and production conditions (standard or non-standard) were found to significantly affect (p<0.001) the rate of migration. Statistical analysis of the results suggested that old tableware increased melamine migration in 41% of cases (p<0.05). Non-standard tableware significantly (p<0.001) increased the rate of migration and thus the effect of non-standard production on melamine tableware was more significant than the age of the tableware.
The hepatoprotective and antioxidative effect of saffron stigma alcoholic extract against vincristine sulfate induced toxicity in rats
Authors: Harchegani Asghar Beigi , Khor Abolfazl , Niha Mahdiyeh Mirnam , Kaboutaraki Hamid Bakhtiari , Shirvani Hossein , Shahriary Alireza
Published: June 2020

Vincristine (VCR) is an important anti-cancer drug, which is highly toxic for the liver. This study aimed at evaluating the protective effect of alcoholic extract of saffron stigma against vincristine hepatotoxicity in the rat. A total number of 50 rats were randomly divided into 10 groups, including controls, rats receiving 0.25 mg/kg (A group), 0.5 mg/kg (B group), 0.75 mg/kg (C group) VCR, 0.25 mg/kg VCR + 0.5 mg/kg saffron (D group), 0.5 mg/kg VCR + 0.5 mg/kg saffron (E group), 0.75 mg/kg VCR + 0.5 mg/kg saffron (F group), 0.25 mg/kg VCR + 1mg/kg saffron (G group), 0.5 mg/kg VCR + 1 mg/kg saffron (H group), and 0.75 mg/kg VCR + 1 mg/kg saffron (I group) groups. Serum level of liver enzymes, including aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and bilirubin were measured using specific kits at the end of the experimental period. Serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) values were measured using ferric reducing antioxidant of power (FRAP) and thiobarbituric acid reaction (TBAR) methods, respectively. Administration of VCR, especially at the concentration of 0.75mg/kg, caused severe hepatic injury with significant increase in the levels of AST (582.0±39.45 UI), ALT (124.0±5.92 UI), ALP (939.8±89.8 UI) enzymes and bilirubin (0.17±0.008). VCR administration also significantly increased the serum MDA level (0.49±0.021 nmol/ml), while TAC value was declined significantly (241.27±18.27 μmol/l). These effects were dose-dependent. Treatment with saffron extract decreased the activity of liver enzymes and MDA values in hepatotoxic rats with a significant enhancement in serum TAC content. These effects were notable for rats that received 1mg/kg plant extract. Administration of saffron, especially at higher concentration, can reduce VCR-induced hepatotoxicity, antioxidant depletion and lipid peroxidation, presumably due to its antioxidative properties.
Solutions in the Vehicle Suspension
Authors: Niculescu Adrian Ioan , Jankowski Antoni , Kowalski Miroslaw , Sireteanu Tudor
Published: June 2020

The paper presents a review of the suspension solutions used on the street vehicle up to the now a days, finalising with presentation of their damping characteristics and with evaluation of their advantages or disadvantages. Long time the suspension systems have been dominated by the classic passive suspensions realized with metallic springs, shock absorbers with constant damping coefficients and anti-roll bars, excepting some luxury and sport cars using semi-active and active suspensions. There are presented some semi-active suspension solutions with continuous or discontinuous damping characteristics adjustment and the evolution of the Citroen and other active suspensions. All of them improve in some matter the performances but all of them have not ability to recuperate energy and has auxiliary energy consumption so last period the electromagnetically shock absorbers are researched, the paper presenting some of them. The paper also presents magneto rheological MR damper, solutions for adjustable passive shock absorbers and solutions for passive shock absorbers with variable damping coefficient with the stroke, e.g. Monroe Sensa Trac, Citroën Solution and VZN solution, with their damping characteristics and performances.
Effect of the Recyclate on a Deflection of Composites in Bending
Authors: Panasiuk Katarzyna , Kyzioł Lesław , Hajdukiewicz Grzegorz
Published: June 2020

The aim of the research was to determine the effect of polyester-glass recyclate on the deflection of composite samples subjected to three-point bending. The polyester-glass recyclate was obtained from the part of the ship’s hull made of polyester-glass composite, constituting scrap metal. The pieces of scrap were pre-fragmented and then processed into a prepared stand for this purpose. Such a fragmented recycling will be used to make composites with different scrap / recycled content. For this purpose, research materials were made using the vacuum bag method with the percentage of 0%, 10% and 20% recyclate) as well as various granulation (i.e. 1.2 mm and 3.0 mm). The research material consisted of rectangular plates with a thickness corresponding to the thickness of the samples. The samples for testing were made by water cutting. The tests were carried out on a suitably prepared stand, which was made of a universal Zwick Roell testing machine and three-point bending handles and a dial indicator. The spacing of the supports has been determined in accordance with the binding standard for three-point bending. Obtained results from tests, i.e. strain, stress, deflection, deformation allowed analysing the impact of recyclate on bending strength and defining the deflection arrow. Based on the results obtained from three-point bending, it can be concluded that the polyester-glass recycling has an influence on the decrease of strength, stress and deflections of the tested composites.
An Influence of Correction of the Ignition Advance Angle on the Combustion Process in SI Engine Fuelled by LPG with the Addition of DME
Authors: Kubica Grzegorz , Marzec Paweł
Published: June 2020

The paper presents the results of tests of the SI engine fuelled by LPG with the addition of DME in the form of a mixture of gaseous fuels. Experimental tests were carried out on a chassis dynamometer in the full range of engine loads, at a fixed rotational speed: 2000, 2500 and 3000 rpm. The use of dimethyl ether (DME) as a fuel component makes it possible to exploit its important advantages. DME can be produced as a renewable fuel, which is important from the point of view of ecology. Another important fact is the presence of oxygen in this fuel, which has a positive effect on the engine volumetric efficiency. During the tests, the ignition timing was also adjusted due to the very good DME flammability. Two additional correction levels were applied, increasing the ignition advance by 3 and 6 CA degrees, compared to the factory settings of the driver. The analysis of the obtained results allowed determining the dependence of the basic engine parameters, in the function of the correction of ignition advance angle. In the summary, attention was also paid to the possibility of determining corrected maps of the ignition advance angle taking into account the variable proportions of fuel components.
Attitudes of teachers in the Arab schools in Israel towards integration of students with special needs
Authors: Majadley Enas
Published: June 2020

The program for the integration of children with special needs in the regular educational frameworks supports and encourages the integration of children with a variety of special needs, temporary or ongoing, within the context of regular education, and sees integration as both a goal and value. The integration program is operated through a training and treatment system in the educational frameworks, which were formulated according to the special needs of those students. With the increase in the trend towards integration in Israel and the expectation that this trend will grow in the future, it is essential to continue to explore teachers’ perceptions and attitudes regarding integration as well as their needs for training and continuing education. The Arab education system in general and the issue of caring for children with special needs in school, in particular, are at huge gaps. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on mainstream teachers’ attitudes towards integration and, more recently, inclusion and to show the need of design research on attitudes of teachers in schools in Arab society in Israel towards the integration of students with special needs into regular classes.
The Study of Teachers’ Daily School Time: Reflection on the Author’s Practice of Phenomenographic Studies
Authors: Korzeniecka-Bondar Alicja
Published: June 2020

School is a complex system, inseparable from the specific context of here and now. Each day involves immersing in the course of particular events which are the result of multiple interactions at school. Time is what binds all the events taking place at school, and the category of time makes multi-level and multi-aspect analysis of school reality possible. The aim of the article is to reflect on the author’s own practice of phenomenographic studies of daily school time, to show the doubts occurring as part of the studies and to present the decisions taken. The text is the analysis of key elements of planning the studies, carrying them out and analyzing the results.
On the New-Old Political Concepts: Re-Conceptualizing and Expanding the Views in Studying Politics Following the Impact of Globalization
Authors: Latifi Veton
Published: June 2020

The article deals with the differences of pre-global and post-global conceptualizations in political sciences. It investigates the functions of political concepts under the changes globalization caused to political systems, culture and ideology. The paper does not engage with the methodological debates on political concepts, or question the undeniable importance of certain political concepts, but rather it addresses some of the principal concepts for which globalization may be a useful concept with regard to their similarities and differences with the Cold War era.

Despite the variety of political concepts as a result of various development phases of society, models of governance and ideological impact to the political processes along centuries, the concepts of power and authority seem to be among those that have survived in terms of the consistency of their relevance. However, the conception of politics through power, authority and leadership has been re-dimensioned significantly under the post-global era. By contrast, although the concept of sovereignty has been one of the initial concepts in the landscape of contemporary politics for many centuries back, following the effects of globalization, it has reduced its relevance significantly. In this view, as a consequence, the article discusses as well as the reconfiguration of the concept of state in a post-global era marked by a period of advancing causes—both trans-border and transnational causes—promoted by post-sovereignty states.

Under these circumstances the traditional debate regarding conflict versus cooperation in politics is one of the areas remaining within a status quo dimension in the dioptric view of both pre-global and post-global conceptualizations. With a contrastive methodological approach, the article as well analyzes the development and meaning of the concepts of political equality, justice and liberty as indispensable concepts in modern post-global political processes.
A Case-Control Study of Skin Microbiome in Patients with Lamellar Ichthyosis
Authors: Singh Mehak , Pawar Manoj
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Lamellar ichthyosis is a genetic disorder of keratinization and the frequent skin infections in these patients may be a result of change in normal skin flora acting in addendum to breach in the physical barrier. Material and Methods: A comparative retrospective study was performed in patients with lamellar ichthyosis and age/ sex controlled matched patients attending the dermatology IPD/OPD with positive skin swab results from July 1st 2015 to June 31st 2016. The two groups were then compared in terms of bacterial culture results. Results: The mean gestational age of the study subjects at birth was 35.56 weeks (range: 30–39 weeks). The study sample consisted of 6 males and 3 females in LI group and 12 males and 6 females in the control group. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcusaureus (MRSA) was exclusively seen in LI patients, and Gram negative rods, Fusobacterium and Candida were found more in the LI patients than in the control group. The Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes ratio, lipophilic diphtheroids, Propionibacterium acnes, Fusobacterium and Micrococci were present more in the control group than in the LI patients. Conclusion: By knowing this microbiota, undue reliance on antibiotics can be reduced as these microorganisms may form normal commensals for the given micro environment. Furthermore, these organisms may be responsible for perpetuating the disease process by compounding the genetic keratinocyte barrier. What is known: Frequent skin infections are not uncommon in patients of lamellar ichthyosis. What is new:
Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are commonly present in LI patients, and Gram negative rods, Fusobacterium and Candida are commoner in the LI patients than in the control group of patients.
Comparing Efficacy and Safety of Oral Tranexamic Acid and 4% Topical Hydroquinone Cream in Melasma Treatment: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial and Review of Literature
Authors: Yaghoobi Reza , Vala Samin , Pazyar Nader , Zeinali Maryam , Hesam Saeed
Published: June 2020

Introduction. Melasma is a common skin pigmentation disorder affecting a patient’s life psychologically and socially. Topical medications or lasers can have temporary and limited therapeutic effects on melasma. Material and Methods. This study is a prospective clinical trial comparing therapeutic effects of oral Tranexamic acid (TXA) and topical Hydroquinone (HQ) cream. A total number of 69 patients were examined. During the study, 10 patients failed to appear for the follow-up and 59 of them completed the trial. The patients were also divided randomly into two groups. Group A received TXA capsule 250 mg every 12 hours and group B received 4% topical HQ cream day and night. The patients from both groups were treated for 3 months. Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI) scores were then calculated at the baseline, 4 weeks, and 12 weeks into the treatment and 3 months after the end of intervention. Results. MASI baseline, 4 weeks,12 weeks, and 24 weeks in TXA group were 21.66, 13.69, 9.10, 9.24; respectively. Reduction of MASI between baseline and 4 weeks was statistically significant. Such a decreasing trend in MASI scores between baseline and 12 weeks was also reported as statistically significant (p=0.001). In the HQ group, MASI baseline,4 weeks, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks were 21.46, 13.57, 10.93, 11.20; respectively. Reduction of MASI scores between baseline and 4 weeks was statistically significant. Moreover, a decline in MASI scores was observed between baseline and 12 weeks that was statistically significant (p=0.001). Considering both groups MASI scores were reduced but the difference between two study groups was not statistically significant (p=0.98). Conclusion. The efficacy of TXA and HQ was the same and both could significantly reduce MASI scores.
The training, nutrition and physical conditioning programme: a challenge for kickboxing athletes to achieve athletic greatness
Authors: Negrea Cristian , Leparda Alexandru , Mirica Silvia Nicoleta , Domokos Martin , Domokos Cerasela , Bota Eugen , Nagel Adrian
Published: June 2020

Introduction: In the last decade in Romania, following the international trend, the interest for combat martial arts sports increased among the young generation. From all the contact sports, kickboxing was one of the most accessed athletic disciplines by both amateurs and professional athletes due to all the benefits of the complex training sessions.

Aim: The aim of the study was to analyze the differences between professional and non-professional males concerning the evolution of food habits and performance improvement when they follow the same training programme.

Results: Data analysis reveals an increase of physical performance in all performed tests. A significant improvement has been shown for both professional and non-professional athletes after 8 weeks of specific training. In the non-professional athletes group, the improvement of physical performance was even greater than in the professional group. Data analysis according to the age group revealed that in the case of the mature athletes the physical performance progress showed a lower augmentation than in the young ones, but the level of performance was at higher values than the performance of the young ones. In terms of nutrition, both groups need an improvement of their dietary habits, even if the professional ones revealed a better nutritional approach than the non-professional participants.

Conclusion: The results of this pilot study indicate that an integrative approach of a martial art athlete training is important in order to develop sports elites. The long term training programmes combined with proper nutrition are the key factors of the strategy for achieving greatness. Further studies are necessary in order to set the best physical and metabolic parameters in order to create the framework for a long term training strategy.
Study regarding the development of the front crawl and backstroke swimming techniques in children aged 7-10
Authors: Pîrjol Dan Ionuţ , Răsădean Marcel
Published: June 2020

Background: The biggest advantage of swimming is that the muscles and joints can move without the need to bear weight, thus the tension is limited which reduces most risks of injury. The water environment allows freedom of movement and exercise choices that are impossible on land.

Aim: The objective of our study is to test the hypothesis that the execution of a well designed training plan will result into the improvement of the technique and swimming speed in the front crawl and backstroke styles for the participants.

Methods: 16 children have been selected, 10 boys and 6 girls. Their mean age (8.4±0.96) is between 7 and 10. We chose 5 specific tests in order to evaluate our hypothesis.

Results: The final tests demonstrate that both performance and technique have been considerably improved as a result of the training plan.

Conclusion: After a well designed training plan for a period of 3 months, the group of children experienced a positive change in the quality of their motor skills associated with swimming which improved their technique and performance.
Rehabilitation methods in non-displaced fractures of the proximal humerus
Authors: Gall Denisa-Laura , Vutan Ana-Maria , Niţă Andreea , Vutan Călin
Published: June 2020

Fractures of the proximal humerus account for 4% to 5% cases out of all fractures, and about 85% of them are minimally displaced. The purpose of the study was to observe the effectiveness of physiotherapeutic methods used in the proximal fractures of the humerus. Material and method: the research was performed on a group of 13 patients who have been orthopedically treated for fractures at the proximal end of the humerus. Five subjects followed the TECAR therapy and physical exercise, and eight subjects followed classical physiotherapy and physical exercise. The evaluations have been performed at the beginning of the recovery, after 14 days, after 28 days and after 42 days of treatment. Pain intensity (VAS score), joint amplitude (goniometry), muscle strength and functionality (the PENN questionnaire) were assessed in all patients. The results of the evaluations showed a decrease in pain, after the first 14 days, especially for the patients who underwent the Tecar therapy. Also, the results showed that the patients with surgical neck fractures had the best evolution in cases of goniometry evaluation, compared to the rest of the patients. In conclusion, physical therapies for proximal humerus fractures play an important role in the recovery and reintegration of the patients into family and at work.
Evaluation of the ventilometric parameters of two football teams in different leagues
Authors: Arnăutu Gabriel , Datcu Remus
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Spirometry testing is a physiological test measuring lung volume and flows. Compared to the other components of the respiratory system, training does not result into significant improvements as for the increase of the expiratory flow. The assessment of the respiratory function may indicate certain disorders of the bronchi and of the lungs, but, on the other hand, it offers little information on the aerobic capacity of the individuals or the effects of physical exercises.

Aim: The purpose of this research was to study the respiratory volumes in two football teams that are part of two different leagues (2nd league, and 5th league, respectively), and to compare these results with the ones at the international level.

Materials and methods: We included in this research two football teams in two different leagues (2nd league, and 5th league, respectively) and, from each team, we chose the players with the highest number of minutes spent playing throughout the championship return phase. In order to perform spirometry, we used a portable spirometer (Spirotube Spirometer, PC Spirometer). The prediction method used by the spirometer software was the one presented by the European Respiratory Society and Kudson.

Results: By comparing the environments of the two groups we can see that, in terms of height and weight, the two samples present close values. According to the results recorded with the help of the spirometer, the value of the forced vital capacity (FVC = 4.50) represents 98% of the normal level, and the Expiratory volume per second FEV1 (FEV1 = 4.50) represents 97% of the normal level. Within the ASU group, the value of the forced vital capacity (FVC = 5.19) represents 95% of the normal level, and the Expiratory volume per second (FEV1 = 4.45) represents 95% of the normal level. As we can see, neither of the groups reaches the normal potential. However, the CS UVT group reaches a higher percentage than the other, although they play their matches in a lower league.

Conclusions: Considering that we could not compare the types of training that the two teams had during the preparation phase, we cannot say whether such trainings had a certain effect on the subjects. Further research should be carried out in order to determine if the type of training had a beneficial effect in the case of the CS UVT group.
New study on the neuromuscular dystrophy rehabilitation program
Authors: Miclaus Roxana , Roman Nadinne
Published: June 2020

Neuromuscular dystrophy is a progressive disease, interesting skeletal muscles by progressive weakness and loss of voluntary motor function.

Material and Methods: A prospective study was developed on 16 patients with progressive neuromuscular dystrophy, over a three months period. The initial and final assessment included muscle manual testing, range of motion and, for the functional outcomes, the Vigos Scale, Barthel Scale, Activity of Daily Living (ADL) Score, and Muscular Dystrophy Scale were used. The physiotherapy program was developed on four stages and a guiding protocol was used for the individualization of the physical therapy program. The statistical analysis was performed in Microsoft Excel, using a Paired samples T-test.

Results: Statistical significant results were obtained within all assessment tools. Muscle strength and ADL capacity improved, with the highest increases in patients with low levels of disability.

Conclusion: The main results suggest that individualized physiotherapy can slow the progressivity of the disorder and improve the quality of life, especially when started at an earlier stage of the disease.
Chains of Truncated Beta Distributions and Benford’s Law
Authors: Ruankong Pongpol , Sumetkijakan Songkiat
Published: June 2020

It was proved by Jang et al. that various chains of one-parameter distributions converge to Benford’s law. We study chains of truncated distributions and propose another approach, using a recent convergence result of the Lerch transcendent function, to proving that they converge to Benford’s law for initial Beta distributions with parameters α and 1.
On the Maximum Order Complexity of the Thue-Morse and Rudin-Shapiro Sequence
Authors: Sun Zhimin , Winterhof Arne
Published: June 2020

Expansion complexity and maximum order complexity are both finer measures of pseudorandomness than the linear complexity which is the most prominent quality measure for cryptographic sequences. The expected value of the Nth maximum order complexity is of order of magnitude log N whereas it is easy to find families of sequences with Nth expansion complexity exponential in log N. This might lead to the conjecture that the maximum order complexity is a finer measure than the expansion complexity. However, in this paper we provide two examples, the Thue-Morse sequence and the Rudin-Shapiro sequence with very small expansion complexity but very large maximum order complexity. More precisely, we prove explicit formulas for their N th maximum order complexity which are both of the largest possible order of magnitude N. We present the result on the Rudin-Shapiro sequence in a more general form as a formula for the maximum order complexity of certain pattern sequences.
Quasi-Random Graphs, Pseudo-Random Graphs and Pseudorandom Binary Sequences, I. (Quasi-Random Graphs)
Authors: Borbély József , Sárközy András
Published: June 2020

In the last decades many results have been proved on pseudo-randomness of binary sequences. In this series our goal is to show that using many of these results one can also construct large families of quasi-random, pseudo-random and strongly pseudo-random graphs. Indeed, it will be proved that if the first row of the adjacency matrix of a circulant graph forms a binary sequence which possesses certain pseudorandom properties (and there are many large families of binary sequences known with these properties), then the graph is quasi-random, pseudo-random or strongly pseudo-random, respectively. In particular, here in Part I we will construct large families of quasi-random graphs along these lines. (In Parts II and III we will present and study constructions for pseudo-random and strongly pseudo-random graphs, respectively.)
Universidad cubana y uso del capital intelectual y el conocimiento en función del desarrollo.
Authors: Hernández-Medina Carlos Alberto , Báez-Hernández Alexander , Carrasco-Fuentes Magdalys Alibet
Published: June 2020

Objetivo: conceptualizar que la economía, basada en el conocimiento, puntualiza una diferencia cualitativa en la organización y conducta de la vida económica moderna de las economías desarrolladas. Metodología: fue revisada una amplia literatura sobre gestión del conocimiento para obtener conclusiones sobre su relación con el desarrollo en el siglo XXI. Resultados: se enfatiza en que el Capital Intelectual es la expresión del conjunto de activos de conocimiento o de activos intelectuales, de naturaleza intangible, que se han ido creando y son controlados por la organización gracias a la puesta en acción del conocimiento de las personas que la integran. Limitaciones: apunta la necesidad de preparar y aprovechar el capital intelectual en función del desarrollo. Conclusiones: se concluye que la preparación del capital humano cubano constituye una oportunidad en un país con limitados recursos materiales y financieros, que necesita penetrar en el mercado internacional en condiciones de competitividad para poder desarrollarse.
Recomendaciones medioambientales, alimentarias y nutricionales para el manejo del niño asmático en edad escolar
Authors: Ciria-Martín Alexander , Capote-Rodríguez Alexei , García-Milian Ana Julia , Sardiña-Aguirre Sandra
Published: June 2020

Objetivo: elaborar recomendaciones para el control del asma en edad escolar. Metodología: investigación cualitativa realizada en el período 2013-2015. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica y documental. Se confeccionó una guía para lo cual se utilizó la metodología propuesta por Moriyama. Se consultó un grupo de expertos integrado por cinco investigadores, formados en diferentes ramas del saber y que han transitado por diferentes niveles del sistema de salud. Resultados: las recomendaciones alimentarias, nutricionales y del ambiente en el hogar para niñas y niños asmáticos están estructuradas en dos partes, una de información sobre alimentación y nutrición y otra sobre medidas de control ambiental. Limitaciones: la contextualización de las recomendaciones para el manejo alimentario, nutricional y medioambiental incluidas en la estrategia. Conclusiones: sobre la base de los factores de riesgo y protectores, se propusieron recomendaciones para el manejo alimentario, nutricional y del ambiente en el hogar como estrategia para el control del asma, dirigidas a profesionales de la salud, pacientes y familiares.
Los significados del trabajo en la era de la información y el conocimiento: de la sobrevivencia a la satisfacción personal y estética
Authors: Icedo-Zamora Tatliana Mercedes , Román-Pérez Rosario
Published: June 2020

De la era de la industrialización a la de la información y el conocimiento, en el mundo occidental, los significados del trabajo se han transformado al ir perdiendo éste su centralidad como medio de sobrevivencia adquiriendo otras significaciones relacionadas con la satisfacción personal y la estética. Objetivo: analizar estudios empíricos sobre los significados del trabajo, desde el fin de la segunda Guerra Mundial a la fecha, con énfasis en los métodos e instrumentos de medición utilizados, identificando áreas de oportunidad para la construcción y adaptación de otros, aplicables en contextos y poblaciones distintas. Metodología: se incluyeron investigaciones que consideraran creencias, valores y/o actitudes, sobre los significados del trabajo organizándolas por método, contexto y período de desarrollo económico. Resultados: las metodologías e instrumentos más utilizados parten de considerar al trabajo como central en la vida de las personas, aunque los significados no son estáticos, sino que pueden variar en función de la edad, la escolaridad, el puesto desempeñado y el sexo. Limitaciones: las investigaciones analizadas corresponden mayoritariamente a un modelo de indagación. Conclusiones: los resultados muestran vetas investigativas para analizar el impacto de las nuevas vertientes del mercado laboral, actualizando métodos e instrumentos utilizados hasta ahora.
Patrones alimentarios y agrícolas de hogares con niños desnutridos en dos comunidades indígenas con distinto nivel socioeconómico en Guatemala
Authors: Alajajian Stephen , Guzmán-Abril Andrea Paola , Brewer Jennifer , Rohloff Peter
Published: June 2020

Objetivo: describir los patrones agrícolas y dietéticos de hogares con niños desnutridos en dos comunidades indígenas de distintos niveles socioeconómicos para identificar áreas específicas de enfoque para intervenciones en el futuro. Metodología: se realizaron encuestas en 25 hogares de cada comunidad. Las encuestas incluyeron recuentos dietéticos, un cuestionario de inseguridad alimentaria y un inventario de cultivos. Resultados: a pesar de diferencias en pobreza, educación materna y prevalencia regional de desnutrición, no hubo mayores diferencias entre las dos muestras en cuanto a la inseguridad alimentaria, los patrones dietéticos o los patrones agrícolas. En Tecpán y San Andrés Semetabaj, respectivamente, el 72% y el 64% de los niños cumplieron con el estándar de dieta mínima aceptable de la Organización Mundial de Salud a pesar de padecer de desnutrición crónica, evidenciada por un retraso de crecimiento lineal. Las bebidas azucaradas se consumieron frecuentemente por los niños y por las mujeres. Las verduras ancestrales fueron cultivadas y consumidas en ambas comunidades, pero por una minoría de hogares. En total, los cultivos más cultivados fueron los chiles (38% de los hogares), el güisquil (30%), la arveja (24%), la hierba mora (20%) y el quilete (14%). Limitaciones: las muestras eran de conveniencia y no permitieron comparaciones entre hogares con y sin desnutrición crónica ni una generalización de los resultados. Las evaluaciones omitieron cantidades de alimentos consumidos y prácticas de ganadería. Conclusiones: tomando en cuenta los hallazgos del estudio, proponemos que las intervenciones se enfoquen en la agricultura indígena contemplando los conocimientos agrícolas ancestrales que aún existen en las comunidades, en opciones nutritivas para reemplazar los alimentos industrializados y nutricionalmente deficientes que han influido en las comunidades y en otros factores aparte de la dieta incluso las condiciones higiénicas, las condiciones de vida, la pobreza y la agricultura comercial.
Testes de biocompatibilidade: cultivo de células animais e suas aplicações em estudos de toxicidade
Authors: Heggendorn Fabiano Luiz , Gonçalves Lúcio de Souza , Cardoso Elisama Azevedo , Lutterbach Márcia Teresa Soares , Lione Viviane de Oliveira Freitas
Published: June 2020

Introdução: o cultivo in vitro de células animais é uma tecnologia moderna, baseada em fundamentos e princípios científicos com inúmeras aplicações, levando inclusive, a união de organizações internacionais no sentido de validar modelos de ensaios in vitro para avaliar toxicidade de produtos químicos, tendo em vista que estes são de baixo custo, maior produtividade e fornece resultados mais rápidos. Objetivo: Abordar por meio de revisão bibliográfica os métodos de avaliação de citotoxicidade mais empregados, além de outros ensaios biológicos necessários para testes de biocompatibilidade. Metodologia:  foram selecionados os principais trabalhos e normas por meio de busca nas bases de pesquisa de trabalhos científicos da Scielo, Google Acadêmico e livros sobre o tema, a fim de possibilitar um embasamento para um adequado delineamento de ensaios in vitro de citotocicidade. Resultados: A atual disponibilidade de uma variabilidade de metodologias e  linhagens celulares em bancos nacionais e internacionais tornou possível a larga utilização da cultura de células como modelos in vitro para avaliações toxicológicas. Conclusão: testes iniciais de citotoxicidade apresentam limitações quando correlacionados com as situações clínicas, porém são validos para determinar o comportamento biológico dos materiais e/ou seus componentes, estabelecendo informações essenciais na fase inicial de investigação de um biomaterial e direciona os testes in vivo necessários. Além dos ensaios de citotoxicidade, que não devem ser equiparados a biocompatibilidade, a avaliação de um dispositivo médico deve ser baseada em testes in vivo que analisem a toxidade aguda e crônica, inflamação, irritação, sensibilidade, carcinogenicidade e mutagenicidade, reações alérgicas, hemocompatibilidade e toxidade sistêmica.
Vision of pedagogy course students on the origin and evolution of the human species
Authors: Faria Nádia Rodrigues de , Oliveira Moniquy Cássia de , Pinto Walisson Dias , Silva Heslley Machado
Published: June 2020

Evolution and its teaching generate controversy in society. Therefore, understanding how pedagogues conceive this topic is important, as they are the first to introduce it to children. Human evolution has been proven by scientific evidence and the intelligent design hypothesis does not find academic support. The objective was to analyze how students of pedagogy perceive the origin of man and the hypothesis of intelligent design. Pedagogy students of UNIFOR-MG participated. The questions of the BIOHEAD-CITIZEN questionnaire, A33: the improbability of the emergence of humanity; and B44: the role of intelligent design in the evolution of species were analyzed. Most students of the second period believe that man came to chance. In the 4th period, those who did not agree increased and in the 6th period the students mostly aligned with this view. Most of the students in the 2nd period showed that intelligent design was important in evolution, but in the 4th and 6th period, this percentage decreased. It was found that in the course there was the consolidation of scientific knowledge, leading to the decline in acceptance of the intelligent design hypothesis, in a contradictory way did not measure tendency over chance in the origin of the human species.
Síndrome de Seckel: uma revisão sistemática sobre a produção científica nos campos de atuação da saúde
Authors: Passos Ana Tereza Paiva , Brasileiro Ismênia de Carvalho
Published: June 2020

Introdução: A Síndrome de Seckel é uma doença genética autossômica recessiva, sua incidência se caracteriza por 1:10.000 em recém nascidos vivos. O tratamento destes pacientes é voltado para as deficiências: orofaciais, musculoesqueléticos, cardiológicos, oftalmológicos e mentais, são anormalidades que devem ser acompanhadas por profissionais de cada área. É possível observar a dificuldade em encontrar artigos que falem sobre o assunto, principalmente em áreas como a Fisioterapia. O estudo tem como objetivo facilitar a identificação dos artigos sobre a Síndrome de Seckel pelos profissionais da saúde em suas diversas áreas e incentivar a realização de artigos científicos por aqueles que realizam a intervenção em um indivíduo com a Síndrome. Metodologia: trata-se de uma revisão sistemática, apresentando 23 artigos das diversas áreas da saúde. Discussão: a maioria dos estudos foram publicados nos últimos 3 anos (32%). Os estudos aqui apresentados foram em sua maioria realizados na Índia (30%) e realizados principalmente na área da medicina, 19 (82%) estudos no total. Existem mais 4 (17%)  artigos entre as áreas de Odontologia e Fonoaudiologia e apenas uma dissertação na área da Fisioterapia. Conclusão: o estudo reuniu publicações de diversos países e áreas da saúde sobre a Síndrome de Seckel, que se trata de uma anomalia rara. Há uma escassez na literatura que abrange terapêuticas para o quadro clinico apresentado, característico da síndrome.