bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effects of previous open renal stone surgery types on PNL outcomes
Authors: Ozgor Faruk , Kucuktopcu Onur , Ucpinar Burak , Sarilar Omer , Erbin Akif , Yanaral Fatih , Sahan Murat , Binbay Murat
Published: July 2016

Introduction: Our aim was to demonstrate the effect of insicion of renal parenchyma during open renal stone surgery (ORSS) on percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) outcomes.

Methods: Patients with history of ORSS who underwent PNL operation between June 2005 and June 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. Patients were divided into two groups according to their type of previous ORSS. Patients who had a history of ORSS with parenchymal insicion, such as radial nephrotomies, anatrophic nephrolithotomy, lower pole resection, and partial nephrectomy, were included in Group 1. Other patients with a history of open pyelolithotomy were enrolled in Group 2. Preoperative characteristics, perioperative data, stone-free status, and complications were compared between the groups. Stone-free status was defined as complete clearance of stone(s) or presence of residual fragments smaller than 4 mm. The retrospective nature of our study, different experience level of surgeons, and lack of the evaluation of anesthetic agents and cost of procedures were limitations of our study.

Results: 123 and 111 patients were enrolled in Groups 1 and 2, respectively. Preoperative characteristics were similar between groups. In Group 1, the mean operative time was statistically longer than in Group 2 (p=0.013). Stone-free status was significantly higher in Group 2 than in Group 1 (p=0.027). Complication rates were similar between groups. Hemorrhage requiring blood transfusion was the most common complication in both groups (10.5% vs. 9.9%).

Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that a history of previous ORSS with parenchymal insicion significantly reduces the success rates of PNL procedure.
Complete resection of a primitive neuroectodermal tumour arising in the bladder of a 31-year-old female after neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Lam Cameron J. , Shayegan Bobby
Published: July 2016

Primitive neuroectodermal tumours (PNET) that arise in the urinary bladder are an extremely rare occurrence. Very few cases have been reported so far in the literature1-13 and we report another case here in a 31-year-old-female. The patient presented with polyuria, gross hematuria, followed by development of anuria, and was discovered to have a 9.4 cm mass arising in the posterolateral aspect of the bladder. Histologically, the tumour showed small, round, blue cells. Further analysis using break-apart fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) revealed non-random chromosomal translocations of the ews gene suggestive of Ewing sarcoma (ES)/ PNET. The patient completed seven cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, which significantly reduced the size of the lesion. Due to the location of the lesion, surgical resection of the entire bladder and urethra with use of a continent cutaneous reservoir was performed. Here, the management of a 31-year-old female with ES/ PNET arising from the bladder is reported.
How Did I Become Me?—Identical Female Twins Describe the Development of Their Individuality
Authors: Määttä Kaarina , Päiveröinen Henna , Määttä Riikka , Uusiautti Satu
Published: July 2016

 

The purpose of this study was to describe the development of individuality and identity in female twins in the light of their upbringing experiences as described by themselves. Twin studies have traditionally been quantitative comparisons to singletons. On the one hand, research has drawn a mythical picture of twins, and one the other hand, studies have focused on the difficulties of growing as a separate, individual person. This was a qualitative study in which five Finnish identical female twins participated. They were interviewed with a themed interview method. In addition, they were asked to write about their upbringing and childhood. The sets of data were analyzed with a qualitative content analysis method. The results show that the twins’ identity development was challenged with clues given by their parents, from school and wider community, as well as by the impression they themselves had given to others about twinhood. Their individuality developed within the interaction between the sense of belonging together and other social relationships. The study also shows the important role of upbringing in identity development.
Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Cronobacter isolated from Powdered Infant Formula Retailed in Nigeria
Authors: Ezeh Abimbola Rashidat , Aboaba Olusimbo Olugbo , Murray Barbara E , Tall Ben Davies , Smith Stella Ifeanyi
Published: July 2016

Cronobacter is a genus with emerging pathogens that has been associated with life threatening diseases in neonates, infants and immunocompromised adults. Three Cronobacter species were isolated from powdered infant formula retailed in Nigeria. Different methods of phenotypic and genotypic characterization were carried out. All the isolates were identified biochemically by Microscan identification analysis as Enterobacter sakazakii (98.87%). The Vitek MALDI-TOF system identified the isolates as Cronobacter sakazakii. 16S rRNA sequencing identified the isolates as C. sakazakii. In contrast the use of species-specific PCR assays targeting rpoB, and cgcA, helped to identify two of the three strains as C. sakazakii and the last strain was identified as C. malonaticus. Multi locus sequence typing (MLST) analysis was used to identify each strain’s sequence type and the results identified three new sequence types: 303, 304 and 296. C. sakazakii BAA 894 served as a positive control for all the experiments. Biochemical methods and commercial identification systems are not sensitive enough to identify Cronobacter strains to the species level. Molecular methods are needed to confirm the species identity of strains.
Epidermal Growth Factor Tethered to β-Tricalcium Phosphate Bone Scaffolds via a High-Affinity Binding Peptide Enhances Survival of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells/Multipotent Stromal Cells in an Immune-Competent Parafascial Implantation Assay in Mice
Authors: Nuschke Austin , Rodrigues Melanie , Rivera Jaime , Yates Cecelia , Whaley Diana , Stolz Donna , Griffith Linda , Wells Alan
Published: July 2016

Mesenchymal stem cells/multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) are attractive candidates for cell therapies owing to their ability to differentiate into many lineages. However, these cells often fail to survive when implanted into a harsh wound environment, limiting efficacy in vivo. To improve MSC survival, we previously found that tethered epidermal growth factor (tEGF) molecules that restrict epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling to the cell surface provide resistance to death signals. To adapt this system to wound healing, we tethered epidermal growth factor (EGF) to tricalcium phosphate (TCP) particle scaffolds, clinically used in bone healing. Human primary MSCs seeded on TCP and mixed into a collagen-based gel were injected in the perifascial space of immunocompetent mice with or without tEGF attached to the surface. We found that tethering EGF to the TCP scaffolds yielded approximately a fourfold increase in MSC survival compared with non-EGF scaffolds at 21 days, as well as significant improvements in survival in the short term at 2 and 7 days after implantation. Overall, our approach to sustaining EGFR signaling reduced MSC death in vivo and may be useful for future cell therapies where MSCs typically die on implantation.

Significance

Stem cells are limited as tissue replacements owing to rapid death induced in the hostile wound environment. It has been found that restricting epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor signaling to the membrane provides a survival advantage. This report elucidates a method to tether EGF to bone induction material to improve the survival of mesenchymal stem cells/multipotent stromal cells in vivo.
MicroRNA-146b, a Sensitive Indicator of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Repair of Acute Renal Injury
Authors: Zhu Yuan , Yu Jing , Yin Lei , Zhou Ying , Sun Zixuan , Jia Haoyuan , Tao Yang , Liu Wanzhu , Zhang Bin , Zhang Jiao , Wang Mei , Zhang Xu , Yan Yongmin , Xue Jianguo , Gu Hongbin , Mao Fei , Xu Wenrong , Qian Hui
Published: July 2016

The role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in kidney injury repair has been studied widely. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. We profiled the altered microRNAs in renal tissues from cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) rats treated with or without rat bone marrow MSCs (rMSCs). We observed that microRNA-146b (miR-146b) expression was considerably upregulated in renal tissues from AKI rats compared with that in healthy rats, and the expression decreased following MSC treatment after cisplatin administration. At the early stage of AKI, serum miR-146b levels exhibited a rapid increase that was even faster than that of two conventional renal function indexes: serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels. Furthermore, the serum miR-146b levels in AKI patients were higher than those in healthy people. In vitro exposure to cisplatin also increased miR-146b expression in renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs). miR-146b knockdown protected renal TECs from cisplatin-induced apoptosis and promoted their proliferation. Moreover, ErbB4 was identified as a direct target of miR-146b, and miR-146b inhibition induced ErbB4 expression, resulting in enhanced proliferation of injured renal TECs. In addition, restoration by rMSCs could be controlled through ErbB4 downregulation. In conclusion, elevated miR-146b expression contributes to cisplatin-induced AKI, partly through ErbB4 downregulation. miR-146b might be an early biomarker for AKI, and miR-146b inhibition could be a novel strategy for AKI treatment.

Significance

The present study found that microRNA-146b (miR-146b) might be a novel biomarker for acute kidney injury and an indicator for its recovery after treatment with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The results showed that in acute kidney injury induced by cisplatin, miR-146b in serum increased more quickly than did the usual indexes of kidney injury and decreased with restoration of MSCs. In addition, inhibition of miR-146b could ameliorate the apoptosis induced by cisplatin and potentially improve the proliferation by freeing ErbB4 and its downstream proteins.
High-Efficiency Serum-Free Feeder-Free Erythroid Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Small Molecules
Authors: Olivier Emmanuel N. , Marenah Lamin , McCahill Angela , Condie Alison , Cowan Scott , Mountford Joanne C.
Published: July 2016

This article describes a good manufacturing practice (GMP)-compatible, feeder-free and serum-free method to produce large numbers of erythroid cells from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), either embryonic or induced. This multistep protocol combines cytokines and small molecules to mimic and surpass the early stages of development. It produces, without any selection or sorting step, a population of cells in which 91.8% ± 5.4% express CD34 at day 7, 98.6% ± 1.3% express CD43 at day 10, and 99.1% ± 0.95% of cells are CD235a positive by day 31 of the differentiation process. Moreover, this differentiation protocol supports extensive expansion, with a single hPSC producing up to 150 hematopoietic progenitor cells by day 10 and 50,000–200,000 erythroid cells by day 31. The erythroid cells produced exhibit a definitive fetal hematopoietic type, with 90%–95% fetal globin and variable proportion of embryonic and adult globin at the protein level. The presence of small molecules during the differentiation protocol has quantitative and qualitative effects; it increases the proportion of adult globin and decreases the proportion of embryonic globin. Given its level of definition, this system provides a powerful tool for investigation of the mechanisms governing early hematopoiesis and erythropoiesis, including globin switching and enucleation. The early stages of the differentiation protocol could also serve as a starting point for the production of endothelial cells and other hematopoietic cells, or to investigate the production of long-term reconstituting hematopoietic stem cells from hPSCs.

Significance

This differentiation protocol allows the production of a large amount of erythroid cells from pluripotent stem cells. Its efficiency is compatible with that of in vitro red blood cell production, and it can be a considerable asset for studying developmental erythropoiesis and red blood cell enucleation, thereby aiding both basic and translational research. In addition to red cells, the early stages of the protocol could also be used as a starting point for the large-scale production of other hematopoietic cell types, including the ultimate goal of generating long-term reconstituting hematopoietic stem cells.
Autophagy Improves the Immunosuppression of CD4+ T Cells by Mesenchymal Stem Cells Through Transforming Growth Factor-β1
Authors: Gao Liangbin , Cen Shuizhong , Wang Peng , Xie Zhongyu , Liu Zhenhua , Deng Wen , Su Hongjun , Wu Xiaohua , Wang Shan , Li Jinteng , Ouyang Yi , Wu Yanfeng , Shen Huiyong
Published: July 2016

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been extensively investigated as a promising approach to treat many autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. The stress condition would affect the therapeutic efficacy and induce autophagy of MSCs. However, whether autophagy would affect the immunosuppressive capacity of MSCs is largely unknown. The present study aimed to assess whether autophagy plays an important role in regulating the immunomodulation of MSCs and the undermechanisms. We successfully inhibited and induced autophagy of MSCs using 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and rapamycin, respectively. Our results demonstrated that rapamycin strengthened the capacity of MSCs to inhibit CD4+ T-cell proliferation, whereas 3-MA weakened the inhibitory ability of MSCs. Mechanistically, 3-MA-pretreated MSCs secreted less, whereas rapamycin-pretreated MSCs secreted more transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) compared with the control cells. Furthermore, exogenous TGF-β1 addition recovered the immunosuppressive capacity of 3-MA-pretreated MSCs, whereas exogenous anti-TGF-β1 antibody addition reduced the immunosuppressive capacity of rapamycin-pretreated MSCs. These results indicated that the autophagy level regulates the immunosuppression of CD4+ T cells by MSCs through affecting TGF-β1 secretion and provides a novel method for improving the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs by activating autophagy.

Significance

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy is a promising tool to treat many diseases. Autophagy occurred in MSCs during their application, especially in those exposed to stress conditions. However, whether autophagy will affect the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs is largely unknown. This study makes a significant contribution to demonstrate that autophagy could improve the immunosuppression of CD4+ T cells by mesenchymal stem cells through transforming growth factor-β1. Therefore, regulation of autophagy in MSCs would provide a promising strategy to improve the therapeutic efficacy of these cells.
A Simple Method to Determine the Purity of Adipose-Derived Stem Cell-Based Cell Therapies
Authors: Dufrane Denis , Lafosse Aurore
Published: July 2016

It is important to standardize methods to quantify the purity of adipose tissue-derived cells for regenerative medicine. We developed a simple and robust tool to discriminate fibroblasts and adipose stem cells (ASCs) by testing release of specific growth factors. ASCs and dermal fibroblasts (DFs) were isolated from human donors (n = 8). At passage 4, cultures were prepared with progressive ASC/DF ratios of 100%/0%, 75%/25%, 50%/50%, 25%/75%, and 0%/100% for each donor and incubated in hypoxic chambers at 0.1% and 5% O2 and hyperglycemia at 1.0 and 4.5 g/l. After incubation for 24 hours, cell survival, proliferation, and growth factor release (vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF], hepatocyte growth factor [HGF], insulin-like growth factor 1 [IGF-1], stromal cell-derived factor 1α [SDF-1α], and basic fibroblast growth factor [bFGF]) were assessed for each condition. The proliferation and viability of ASCs and DFs were not impacted by the oxygen tension conditions. No significant difference in HGF, IGF-1, bFGF, and keratinocyte growth factor secretome was found across the various ASC/DF ratios. Interestingly, a negative relation for VEGF secretion was found when ASCs were contaminated by fibroblasts, especially when cells were exposed to 4.5 g/l glucose and 0.1% O2 (R = −0.521; p < .001). In contrast, secretion of SDF-1α was positively correlated with the fibroblast ratio, more prominently in low glucose and low oxygen tension (r = .657; p < .001). Above and beyond these previously unreported metabolic features, these results (a) allow us to discriminate fibroblasts and ASCs specifically and (b) allow new tools be developed for the rapid testing (a response within 24 hours) for the release of ASC-based therapies.

Significance

In order to provide direction to academia, industry, and regulatory authorities regarding purity assessment for adipose tissue-derived cells, this report describes a simple tool to facilitate development of international standards based on reproducible parameters and endpoints that may systematize cellular products across boundaries and accelerate the delivery of safe and effective adipose stem cell (ASC)-based tools to the medical community and the patients it serves. This tool (a) can discriminate specifically fibroblasts and ASCs and (b) can be rapidly implemented and performed before the release of the ASC-based therapy (a response within 24 hours).
Comparison of survival outcomes between modified radical mastectomy and breast conserving surgery in early breast cancer patients
Authors: Kim Yoon Seok , Ryu Dong Won , Lee Chung Han
Published: July 2016

Objectives Breast conserving surgery (BCS) for early breast cancer is now an accepted treatment, but there are controversies about its comparability with mastectomy. Thus, we investigated the survival outcomes who underwent BCS and modified radical mastectomy (MRM). Methods In this retrospective review, we analyzed the survival outcomes of 618 patients with early breast cancer who underwent two different surgery from January 2002 to December 2009. Postoperative pathologic difference, disease free survival period, overall survival period, recurrence pattern, recurrent rate and site were compared. In addition, preoperative patients data are also collected. Results Disease free survival period of MRM and BCS was 108.46 months and 80.82 months, respectively (P< 0.01). However, there was no significant correlation between overall survival period and operative methods (P= 0.67). In addition, recurrence pattern (P= 0.21), recurrent rate (P= 0.36) and site (P= 0.45, P= 0.09) were not associated with operative method. Conclusions In this study, we can suggest that early breast cancer patients could improve their disease free survival if they underwent MRM. So, when we operate high risk breast cancer patients, MRM could be considered for their disease free life. Further studies may be required to establish appropriate strategy of surgery for early breast cancer.
Medical students' perception and satisfaction with group discussion and presentation in medical ohilosophy course
Authors: Kim Min-Jeong , Park Si-Sung
Published: July 2016

Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the self-achievement, perception and satisfaction of group discussion and presentation in medical philosophy class. Methods A questionnaire was developed based on topical subject of main textbook of medical philosophy and course evaluation reported by students. The questionnaire composed of self-learning achievement for the seven subjects, perception of necessity and profitability of contents and education method of medical philosophy and satisfaction with components of education method and overall class. Results The data were collected from 250 medical students who complete the course of medical philosophy. Regardless of grade and gender, students reported high self-achievement, perception and overall satisfaction of medical philosophy course, but there were difference in satisfaction of components of each education methods. Students recognized positively as discussion and presentation in philosophy class, but had low awareness of the benefits of private small-group activities. The more students regarded it is beneficial for the contents and methods of philosophy classes, the overall satisfaction with the medical philosophy course was high. And the more students regarded it is necessary to educate and beneficial for the contents and methods of philosophy classes, the satisfaction with the education methods of medical philosophy course was high. Conclusion To improve the achievement level and satisfaction with the philosophy course, it is necessary to induce active interest in small group activities, and provide detailed and various discussion materials in class.
Uterine cancer and ezrin expression
Authors: Yeon-Suk Kim , Tae-Hee Kim , Hae-Hyeog Lee , Heung Yeol Kim , Dahyae Jang , Arum Lee
Published: July 2016

Today, almost 20% of female cancers are gynecological in nature. In particular, uterine cervical cancer and endometrial cancer (which have been intensively studied) seriously compromise female health. One of the ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) proteins, ezrin, has been associated with cancer in prior studies, including the two cancers mentioned above. Ezrin expression increases, as does the expression of other factors, in uterine cervical cancer; ezrin may promote cancer development by influencing the actions of the other factors. Also, an increase in ezrin level contributes to the development of diseases such as endometrial cancer.
Paradoxical response as a cervical lymph node enlargement after termination of anti-tuberculosis treatment in a patient with pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Kang Hye-Rim , Lee Ho Young , Kim Mi-Yeong , Lee Young Min , Jung Soo Jin , Lee Hyun-Kyung , Lee Si Hyeong , Kim Yunmi
Published: July 2016

A paradoxical response is not uncommon in non-HIV-infected patients, particularly those with extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. It is defined as the radiological and clinical worsening of a previous lesion or the development of new lesion during anti-tuberculosis therapy. The paradoxical response has been attributed to host immunologic reactions, such as a delayed hypersensitivity or a response to mycobacterial antigens. In most reports of paradoxical response, these responses occurred in the same location as a previous lesion. In this patient with pulmonary tuberculosis, cervical lymph node enlargement occurred as a paradoxical response after the completion of anti-tuberculosis treatment. Although the new lesion developed in another location, it could be considered as a paradoxical response based on the negative culture result of acid fast bacilli from the new lesion and drug sensitivity result from initial bronchoalveolar lavage specimen. Therefore we were able to decide on the termination of unnecessary anti-tuberculous treatment. Based on our case, we can conclude that paradoxical response can occur after the termination of anti-tuberculosis therapy even in new site.
Визуелна претрага ријечи
Authors: Шокчевић Тања , Димитријевић Страхиња , Гвозденовић Василије
Published: July 2016

Истраживање је изведено с циљем да се испита потенцијално дејство писма (ћирилица, латиница) и фреквенције ријечи у задатку визуелне претраге ријечи. Испитаници су претраживали сетове састављене од ријечи, у којима је мета била ријеч написана другим писмом (Експеримент 1), или је мета написана истим писмом, али другачијег значења (Експеримент 2). У првом експерименту варирана је фреквенција сета, а у другом и фреквенција мете. Ефекат обима сета добијен је у оба експеримента. Са порастом броја елемената сета повећева се и вријеме претраге сета, што указује да се визуелна претрага ријечи одвија серијално. Утврђена је бржа детекција латиничне мете у ћириличним сетовима, него ћириличне мете у латиничним сетовима, те бржа претрага ћириличних сетова у односу на латиничне, без обзира на то да ли садрже мету или не. Ниједна од испитиваних карактеристика ријечи није се показала довољно специфичном да изазове паралелну претрагу ријечи. На основу изостанка ефекта фреквенције у оба експеримента може се закључити да је визуелна претрага ријечи процес визуелне природе. Овакви резултати се могу тумачити у контексту оптималног функционисања нашег когнитивног система, тј. са аспекта економичности, за извршавање оваквих задатака, довољно је ангажовати само визуелне процесе.
Attachment Behavior With Mothers And Strangers In A Task-Oriented Situation: An Aqs Study With 14- To 20-Month-Old Bosnian Children
Authors: Tutnjević Slavica , Lakić Siniša , Stefanović - Stanojević Tatjana
Published: July 2016

This study provides initial insights on the use of the Attachment Q-sort (AQS) for assessing young children's attachment quality in Bosnia & Herzegovina. We used the AQS technique to evaluate the quality of attachment in 31 mother-child dyads. The dyads were observed during home visits at the times children were aged 14, 16, 18, and 20 months.Additionally, at each visit, an object categorization task was used as a short gamelike activity between the child and the observer. The observer then instructed the mother to perform the same task with the child during the following week. Through this activity we observed the children's willingness to interact and cooperate with either a stranger or the mother in a task-oriented situation. Five out of 31 children had negative security scores and their behavior is described case-by-case. The object categorization task revealed differences in behavior towards both the mother and the observer between securely and insecurely attached children. As opposed to the secure children, insecure children tended to refuse cooperation with both the observer and the mother. Their mothers, on the other hand, either doubted their children’s willingness to cooperate, or refused to participate in the experiment. These findings provide a basis for further research of attachment in young children in the region, and offer new insights into the complex relationship between cognitive and emotional development in infancy. Limitations of the study are discussed in light of cross-cultural differences in the use of the AQS technique.
Kleronacionalizam kao zajedničko ishodište nacionalne vezanosti, nacionalne isključivosti i religioznosti
Authors: Čekrlija Đorđe , Đurić Dijana
Published: July 2016

Studija se bavi razmatranjem odnosa između nacionalne vezanosti, nacionalne otvorenosti i religioznosti. Time se testira pretpostavka da tri navedene dimenzije imaju zajedničko jezgro i da kao takvo predstavljaju subsistem autoritarnosti. Studija je sprovedena u deset gradova Bosne i Hercegovine i obuhvatila je 1238 ispitanika (629 žena) starosne dobi od od 16 do 30 godina (M=20.72 i SD=2.77). U okviru veće baterije testova su primijenjene i skale NVNO (Čekrlija i Turjačanin, 2006) i Skala R (Čekrlija, 2004) uz zadovoljavajuće psihometrijske karakteristike. Na standardizovane i normalizovane podatke je primijenjena faktorska analiza sa metodom glavnih komponenti u ekstrakciji i scree test u određenju broja značajnih faktora. Izdvojena su tri značajna faktora rotirana u promax poziciju. Njihova priroda i međuodnosi podupiru postojanje kleronacionalizma kao autoritarne strukture ličnosti nadređene nacionalnoj vezanosti, nacionalnoj otvorenosti i religioznosti.
Историјско сећање и национални идентитет народа у Босни и Херцеговини
Authors: Вукоичић Јелена
Published: July 2016

У овом чланку аутор разматра улогу историје у стварању и афирмацији националних идентитета народа у Босни и Херцеговини. Национални идентитети народа у БиХ створени су и обликовани под утицајем бурне историје овог региона, коју су махом чинили ратови, устанци и окупације, генерисани споља, а затим прихватани, помагани и одржавани изнутра. У богатој и комплексној историји БиХ, заслужној за стварање постојећег етничког мозаика, заправо се рефлектује основни проблем њеног друштва; босанско – херцеговачки народи већ јако дуг период живе у свету паралелних истина које не представљају ништа друго него скуп њихових личних и колективних искустава у различитим историјским периодима. Конфликтне историјске улоге и перцепције тих улога уједно представљају највеће препреке стабилности и очувању Босне и Херцеговине. „Мултиетничко“ друштво засновано на потпуно другачијим историјским и савременим истинама нема много шанси за дугорочну стабилност, с обзиром на то да је нека врста заједничке, општеприхваћене историје неопходна за успостављање функционалне заједнице у пост конфликтном окружењу.
Изведенице суфиксом-ов/-ев у називима течних деривата воћа
Authors: Стојковић Јелена
Published: July 2016

У српском језику називи за алкохолна пића, воћне сокове, сирћа и уља имају специфичан начин грађења: независно од тога да ли је именица у основи мушког или женског рода додаје јој се суфикс -ов/-ев, који у таквом окружењу остварује значење порекла, а губи основно своје значење, присвојност. У литератури постоје неслагања о томе да ли је значење суфикса градивно или „одређивање нечега по материји од које се састоји“. Такође, код назива за ракије у литератури постоји недоумица да ли се ови називи изводе из придева порекла суфиксом -ача или се може говорити о перинтегрисаном суфиксу -овача/-евача. Сви називи који фигурирају у стандардном и колоквијалном говору су класификовани према структури у четири групе, и испитана је њихова фреквентност. Резултати показују да придеви порекла на -ов/-ев припадају вишем функциoнaлнoм стилу, и да су у свакодневном говору замењени аналитичком конструкцијом са аблативним генитивом, као и да се у називима за ракије суфикс -овача/-евача потпуно осамосталио.
Cело и иновације: Перспектива развоја руралних подручја
Authors: Бјелајац Зоран
Published: July 2016

У овом раду аутор покушава да укаже на промјене које су задесиле село под утицајем дифузије иновација у пољопривреди, доводећи у везу перспективу развоја руралних подручја са процесима који су током двадесетог вијека узроковали изузетно неповољан положај села, као и са оним процесима који данас подједнако деструктивно утичу на живот села. Аутор је мишљења да село у будућности неће моћи да се носи са модерним иновацијама, које се пласирају у пољопривреду без претходне научне валоризације и темељних истраживања која би узела у обзир типологију руралних подручја.
Oкрети и фантазми модерне субјективности: Над естетичким списом Умјетност и модерна субјективност аутора Мирослава Дринића
Authors: Ђукић Богомир
Published: July 2016

У свом најновијем спису Умјетност и модерна субјективност (Филозофски факултет, Бања Лука, 2013) универзитетски професор Мирослав Дринић (1961) се истра-живачки поуздано подухватио и критички одважно суочио са модерном идејом субјективности, једном од сасвим малог броја великих и истинских идеја у нововјековној историји и историји модерне философије, и посебно у умјетности, односно историји естетике тога доба...
КРИТИЧКО МИШЉЕЊЕ КАО ПОВЕЗНИЦА ДЈЕЛОВАЊА И ТЕОРИЈСКИХ СИСТЕМА: ЗАОСТАВШТИНА ХАНЕ АРЕНТ
Authors: Карапетровић Милена
Published: July 2016

У својим књигама и текстовима Хана Арент настоји показати да је једини прави интелектуални пут свакодневна борба са властитим слабостима мишљења кроз коју сагледавамо оно што се одвија испред нас, у времену у коме живимо. Политика и историјска догађања била су та на којима се, по Арентовој, најбоље могло показати како критички мислити. Једино такво мишљење је пут слободе, као мишљење без ослонца, на коме се не треба очекивати угодност и духовни мир. Супротно томе, морамо бити спремни на стална суочавања са неизвјесношћу и новим питањима. У сјени бројних интерпретација политичке теорије Арентове, њена филозофска заоставштина остаје мање разматрана, те се у овом излагању посебна пажња посвећује њеном посљедњем незавршеном дјелу Живот духа.
СТАВОВИ НАСТАВНИКА О ПРИМЈЕНИ ИНФОРМАЦИОНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЈА У СТРУЧНОМ УСАВРШАВАЊУ И САМООБРАЗОВАЊУ
Authors: Арбиња Жарко М.
Published: July 2016

Аутор је у раду представио резултате истраживања у коме су испитивани ставови наставника основних школа према примјени информационих технологија у стручном усавршавању и самообразовању наставника. Циљ истраживања је био да се испита општи став наставника према наведеним технологијама у датом контексту, као и евентуалне статистички значајне разлике у погледу испитиваних ставова унутар одређених социјално-статусних обиљежја наставника. Истраживање је емпиријског неексперименталног карактера за које је аутор сачинио и користио властите инструменте, а податке прикупио анкетирањем и обрадио непараметарским статистичким методама. Резултати истраживања показују да је код испитиваних наставника, као општи, присутан умјерено позитиван став према информационим технологијама у датом контексту. У оквиру социјално-статусних обиљежја забиљежена је статистички значајна разлика, у погледу испитиваних ставова, између одређених категорија унутар варијебли: пол, старосна доб и школска спрема. Поред тога што су резултати истраживања показали да наставници према испитиваној појави имају умјерено позитиван став, нађено је да значајно позитивније ставове по датом питању имају: наставнице од наставника, наставници млађе старосне доби од својих старијих колега, као и наставници који посједују више нивое школске спреме од наставника са нижим нивоима ове спреме.
RELACIJE SAMOEFIKASNOSTI I AKADEMSKE MOTIVACIJE U ADOLESCENCIJI
Authors: Vasić Aleksandar
Published: July 2016

U cilju empirijske provere relacija samoefikasnosti prema sociokognitivnoj teoriji i vrsta akademske motivacije prema teoriji samoodređenja obavljeno je istraživanje na prigodnom uzorku od 976 ispitanika oba pola (63% ispitanica) i uzrasta od 15 do 19 godina (AS =17; SD = 0,92). Podaci su generisani primenom instrumenata upitničkog tipa za merenje ovih osobina sa glavnim predmetima merenja koji se, bar prema rezultatima niza domaćih istraživanja, mogu definisati uglavnom u saglasnosti sa očekivanjima polaznih teorija. Podaci iz ovog istraživanja su analizirani kanoničkom korelacionom analizom i kanoničkom analizom kovarijansi na nivou stavki i na nivou užih aspekata samoefikasnosti i vrsta akademske motivacije. Rezultati ovih analiza upućuju na zaključak da u odnosima samoefikasnosti i akademske motivacije dominira jedno opšte pravilo (za ajteme ρ2 = 0,49; za dimenzije ρ2 = 0,39). Aspekti samoefikasnosti, a naročito akademska samoefikasnost, značajno i pozitivno kovariraju primarno sa unutrašnjom, sekundarno sa spoljašnjom i u manjoj meri sa introjektovanom motivacijom, dok su u očekivanom negativnom odnosu sa amotivacijom. Saglasno sociokognitivnoj teoriji i nekim empirijskim nalazima, samoefikasnost zaista u znatnoj meri zahvata u konativnu varijansu individualnog funkcionisanja. Ali, za razliku od vrsta akademske motivacije prema teoriji samoodređenja, samoefikasnost ne razlikuje vrste motivacionih procesa i osobina koje mogu biti od značaja za razumevanje akademskog postignuća. Ovakav nalaz upućuje na potrebu da se pomoću meta-teorijskih pojmova iz psihoanalitičke Ja-psihologije izvedu pretpostavke za naredna istraživanja u kojima će se, posebno, proveriti i uporedna, inkrementalna validnost mera ovih osobina u odnosu na neke pouzdane i valjane mere obrazovnog postignuća mladih.
The DEG/ENaC cation channel protein UNC-8 drives activity-dependent synapse removal in remodeling GABAergic neurons
Authors: Miller-Fleming Tyne W , Petersen Sarah C , Manning Laura , Matthewman Cristina , Gornet Megan , Beers Allison , Hori Sayaka , Mitani Shohei , Bianchi Laura , Richmond Janet , Miller David M
Published: July 2016

Genetic programming and neural activity drive synaptic remodeling in developing neural circuits, but the molecular components that link these pathways are poorly understood. Here we show that the C. elegans Degenerin/Epithelial Sodium Channel (DEG/ENaC) protein, UNC-8, is transcriptionally controlled to function as a trigger in an activity-dependent mechanism that removes synapses in remodeling GABAergic neurons. UNC-8 cation channel activity promotes disassembly of presynaptic domains in DD type GABA neurons, but not in VD class GABA neurons where unc-8 expression is blocked by the COUP/TF transcription factor, UNC-55. We propose that the depolarizing effect of UNC-8-dependent sodium import elevates intracellular calcium in a positive feedback loop involving the voltage-gated calcium channel UNC-2 and the calcium-activated phosphatase TAX-6/calcineurin to initiate a caspase-dependent mechanism that disassembles the presynaptic apparatus. Thus, UNC-8 serves as a link between genetic and activity-dependent pathways that function together to promote the elimination of GABA synapses in remodeling neurons.
Complementary shifts in photoreceptor spectral tuning unlock the full adaptive potential of ultraviolet vision in birds
Authors: Toomey Matthew B , Lind Olle , Frederiksen Rikard , Curley Robert W , Riedl Ken M , Wilby David , Schwartz Steven J , Witt Christopher C , Harrison Earl H , Roberts Nicholas W , Vorobyev Misha , McGraw Kevin J , Cornwall M Carter , Kelber Almut , Corbo Joseph C
Published: July 2016

Color vision in birds is mediated by four types of cone photoreceptors whose maximal sensitivities (λmax) are evenly spaced across the light spectrum. In the course of avian evolution, the λmax of the most shortwave-sensitive cone, SWS1, has switched between violet (λmax > 400 nm) and ultraviolet (λmax < 380 nm) multiple times. This shift of the SWS1 opsin is accompanied by a corresponding short-wavelength shift in the spectrally adjacent SWS2 cone. Here, we show that SWS2 cone spectral tuning is mediated by modulating the ratio of two apocarotenoids, galloxanthin and 11’,12’-dihydrogalloxanthin, which act as intracellular spectral filters in this cell type. We propose an enzymatic pathway that mediates the differential production of these apocarotenoids in the avian retina, and we use color vision modeling to demonstrate how correlated evolution of spectral tuning is necessary to achieve even sampling of the light spectrum and thereby maintain near-optimal color discrimination.
Clamping down on mismatches
Authors: Li Guo-Min
Published: July 2016

A sliding clamp complex may help correct DNA replication errors by keeping track of which DNA strand is new and which is the template.
Anomalous electrical properties of Au/SrTiO3 interface
Authors: Xu Lun , Yajima Takeaki , Nishimura Tomonori , Toriumi Akira
Published: July 2016

Metal/dielectric interface properties of Au/SrTiO3 (STO) and SrRuO3/SrTiO3 (SRO/STO) interfaces were investigated using metal/STO/heavily Nb-doped STO (0.5 wt % Nb:STO) capacitors. The observed interfacial capacitance at SRO/STO accords with results predicted theoretically, whereas that at the Au/STO interface is strongly suppressed, suggesting an intrinsic low-k (dielectric constant) interfacial layer formation at the Au/STO interface owing to in situ evaporated Au after STO film deposition. Furthermore, metal/0.01 wt % Nb:STO junctions were also analyzed. It was found that the SRO/Nb:STO junction forms an ideal Schottky dipole, whereas the Au/Nb:STO junction exhibits anomalous electrical properties.
GaAsP tunable distributed Bragg reflector laser with indium tin oxide thin-film heater
Authors: Uemukai Masahiro , Suhara Toshiaki
Published: July 2016

A GaAsP quantum well tunable distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) laser with a thin-film heater above a DBR grating was designed and fabricated. As a result of the optimization of the DBR grating to obtain both high reflectivity and sharp wavelength selectivity, single-mode lasing with an output power of 54 mW and a side-mode suppression ratio of 43 dB was obtained. By forming the transparent thin-film heater at a distance of 0.1 µm above the DBR grating, the DBR grating was heated locally and efficiently, and a wide wavelength tuning range of 5.2 nm was achieved by heating with a heater power as low as 160 mW.
Food and nutritional security requires adequate protein as well as energy, delivered from whole-year crop production
Authors: Coles Graeme D. , Wratten Stephen D. , Porter John R.
Published: July 2016

Human food security requires the production of sufficient quantities of both high-quality protein and dietary energy. In a series of case-studies from New Zealand, we show that while production of food ingredients from crops on arable land can meet human dietary energy requirements effectively, requirements for high-quality protein are met more efficiently by animal production from such land. We present a model that can be used to assess dietary energy and quality-corrected protein production from various crop and crop/animal production systems, and demonstrate its utility. We extend our analysis with an accompanying economic analysis of commercially-available, pre-prepared or simply-cooked foods that can be produced from our case-study crop and animal products. We calculate the per-person, per-day cost of both quality-corrected protein and dietary energy as provided in the processed foods. We conclude that mixed dairy/cropping systems provide the greatest quantity of high-quality protein per unit price to the consumer, have the highest food energy production and can support the dietary requirements of the highest number of people, when assessed as all-year-round production systems. Global food and nutritional security will largely be an outcome of national or regional agroeconomies addressing their own food needs. We hope that our model will be used for similar analyses of food production systems in other countries, agroecological zones and economies.
Signaling pathways involved in cardiac energy metabolism
Authors: Chanda Dipanjan , Luiken Joost J. F. P. , Glatz Jan F. C.
Published: July 2016

Various signaling pathways coordinate energy metabolism and contractile function in the heart. Myocardial uptake of long‐chain fatty acids largely occurs by facilitated diffusion, involving the membrane‐associated protein, CD36. Glucose uptake, the rate‐limiting step in glucose utilization, is mediated predominantly by the glucose transporter protein, GLUT4. Insulin and contraction‐mediated AMPK signaling each are implicated in tightly regulating these myocardial ‘gate‐keepers’ of energy balance, that is, CD36 and GLUT4. The insulin and AMPK signaling cascades are complex and their cross‐talk is only beginning to be understood. Moreover, transcriptional regulation of the CD36 and GLUT4 is significantly understudied. This review focuses on recent advances on the role of these signaling pathways and transcription factors involved in the regulation of CD36 and GLUT4.
p62/SQSTM1—Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde that prevents oxidative stress but promotes liver cancer
Authors: Taniguchi Koji , Yamachika Shinichiro , He Feng , Karin Michael
Published: July 2016

p62/SQSTM1 is a multifunctional signaling hub and autophagy adaptor with many binding partners, which allow it to activate mTORC1‐dependent nutrient sensing, NF‐κB‐mediated inflammatory responses, and the NRF2‐activated antioxidant defense. p62 recognizes polyubiquitin chains via its C‐terminal domain and binds to LC3 via its LIR motif, thereby promoting the autophagic degradation of ubiquitinated cargos. p62 accumulates in many human liver diseases, including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), where it is a component of Mallory–Denk bodies and intracellular hyaline bodies. Chronic p62 elevation contributes to HCC development by preventing oncogene‐induced senescence and death of cancer‐initiating cells and enhancing their proliferation. In this review, we discuss p62‐mediated signaling pathways and their roles in liver pathophysiology, especially NASH and HCC.
Atmospheric nitrate leached from small forested watersheds during rainfall events: Processes and quantitative evaluation
Authors: Osaka Ken'ichi , Kugo Tatsuro , Komaki Naoto , Nakamura Takashi , Nishida Kei , Nagafuchi Osamu
Published: July 2016

To determine the availability of atmospheric NO3− deposition on forested ecosystems and to understand the interaction between the nitrogen cycle in a forest ecosystem and atmospheric nitrogen input/output, we quantitatively evaluated the atmospheric NO3− passing through forested watersheds by measuring δ18ONO3 leaching during rainfall events in two forest ecosystems (Su‐A and Ab‐S). Atmospheric NO3− leaching in rainfall events was clearly higher in Ab‐S than in Su‐A, even for a similar amount of rainfall, which demonstrated that atmospheric NO3− leaching differs among forested watersheds. Our observations suggest that a large part of the atmospheric NO3− leached from the watersheds was derived from surface soil, which was deposited before rainfall events occurred; however, direct atmospheric NO3− leaching via throughfall discharge also contributed, especially at the beginning of rainfall events. In Ab‐S, 2.9–37.8% (average = 15.5%) of atmospheric NO3− deposition passed through the watershed, accounting for 3.1–49.8% (average, 26.4%) of the total NO3− leached during rainfall events. The NO3− input was not large, and the NO3− pool and net nitrification rate were small; therefore, nitrogen was not saturated in the soil at Ab‐S. Nevertheless, some of the atmospheric NO3− deposition was not assimilated and was leached immediately. Moreover, our observations suggest that the hydrological characteristics of the watersheds, which control the ease of rainwater discharge, strongly influenced the rate of atmospheric NO3− leaching. This suggests that the hydrological characteristics of watersheds influence the availability of atmospheric NO3− deposition in forested ecosystems and the progression of nitrogen saturation.
Revisiting the Canterbury earthquake sequence after the 14 February 2016 Mw 5.7 event
Authors: Herman Matthew W. , Furlong Kevin P.
Published: July 2016

On 14 February 2016, an Mw 5.7 (GNS Science moment magnitude) earthquake ruptured offshore east of Christchurch, New Zealand. This earthquake occurred in an area that had previously experienced significant seismicity from 2010 to 2012 during the Canterbury earthquake sequence, starting with the 2010 Mw 7.0 Darfield earthquake and including four Mw ~6.0 earthquakes near Christchurch. We determine source parameters for the February 2016 event and its aftershocks, relocate the recent events along with the Canterbury earthquakes, and compute Coulomb stress changes resolved onto the recent events and throughout the greater Christchurch region. Because the February 2016 earthquake occurred close to previous seismicity, the Coulomb stress changes resolved onto its nodal planes are uncertain. However, in the greater Christchurch region, there are areas that remain positively loaded, including beneath the city of Christchurch. The recent earthquake and regional stress changes suggest that faults in these regions may pose a continuing seismic hazard.
The thermospheric auroral red line Angle of Linear Polarization
Authors: Lilensten Jean , Barthélemy Mathieu , Besson Gérard , Lamy Hervé , Johnsen Magnar G. , Moen Jøran
Published: July 2016

The auroral red line at 630 nm is linearly polarized. Up to now, only its Degree of Linear Polarization had been studied. In this article, we examine for the first time the Angle of Linear Polarization (AoLP) and we compare the measurements to the apparent angle of the magnetic field at the location of the red line emission. We show that the AoLP is a tracer of the magnetic field configuration. This opens new perspectives, both in the frame of space weather and in the field of planetology.