bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Paternal Psychological Well-being After Union Dissolution: Does Involved Fatherhood Have a Protective Effect?
Authors: Maslauskaitė Aušra , Steinbach Anja
Published: June 2020

Although the attention scholars have paid to the question of how the involvement of fathers affects the well-being of their children in post-separation families has increased tremendously in recent years, the question of how fathers’ involvement affects their own well-being has been hardly examined. Using data from the cross-sectional survey “Fathering after Union Dissolution,” which was conducted in Lithuania in 2016 (N = 1225), we looked at the extent to which the involvement of fathers with their non-resident children (contact frequency, relationship quality, payment of child support, and the quality of the co-parenting relationship with the mother) was associated with their psychological well-being (depressive feelings and general life satisfaction). Our multiple regression results indicated that the self-assessed quality of the father’s relationship with the child was the most important factor contributing to paternal psychological well-being: i.e., the better the relationship quality, the less likely a father was to report having depressive feelings, and the more likely he was to report having a high level of general life satisfaction. However, while making regular child support payments was found to be associated with a lower likelihood of having depressive feelings, it was not shown to be associated with having a high level of general life satisfaction. Contrary to our expectations, we found that the frequency of contact with the non-resident child and the quality of the co-parenting relationship with the mother did not affect paternal psychological well-being. Accordingly, we concluded that the protection provided by involved fatherhood after union dissolution is not universal, but instead depends on the nature of the involvement.
Earnings Trajectories Following Parental Separation Among First-Time Parents in Sweden
Authors: Nylin Anna-Karin
Published: June 2020

This study examines how separation affects the earnings of fathers and mothers in Sweden. Based on large-scale register data, this study tracks the earnings of women and men who had a first child between 2002 and 2004, and who were living with a partner at the first birth. The study compares mothers and fathers who separated before the first child reached age eight with mothers and fathers who stayed partnered. In particular, the question of how parents’ earning trajectories differed by pre-birth earnings quartiles is explored. It is assumed that separated mothers had more positive earnings trajectories than mothers who stayed partnered, given that separation leads to an increase in the labour supply and a reduction in the depreciation of human capital endowment among women. The results of this study show that the earnings of separated mothers are indeed higher in the period of time immediately after the separation. However, 8 years after the first birth, the earnings of partnered mothers are higher than those of separated mothers. Differences between separated and non-separated fathers are considerably smaller than among women. The findings also indicate that pre-birth labour earnings are a strong predictor of the earnings trajectories of both separated and non-separated mothers.
The Logic and Practices of Governments Providing Financial Support for Non-government Education
Authors: Wu Hua , Wang Xi
Published: June 2020

Government funding for private education is a global phenomenon (Glenn and Groof 2012). Non-government (Minban) education is literally private education in China. Passed on December 28, 2002, the Non-government Education Promotion Law of People’s Republic of China affirmed the legitimacy of government funding for non-government education (Chap. 7: Support and Reward). However, the content of this law was primarily focused on funding for private schools and contained numerous limitations in terms of specific concepts and policy design (Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China 2002). While the 2010 Outline of National Medium and Long-Term Education Reform and Development Plan (2010–2020) sought to improve the situation of public funding for non-government education through the provision of supporting policies, the funding only targeted private schools (State Council of the People’s Republic of China 2010). Despite clarifying the modes of providing financial support, the funding target delineated by On the Revision of the Non-government Education Promotion Law by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress (adopted on November 7, 2016) remained confined to private schools (National People’s Congress of the People’s Republic of China 2016). Essentially, narrowing the concept of funding for non-government education to that for non-government schools constitutes a major flaw in the legislation and policy practice of educational finance policies for non-government education. It also indicates that the government lacks a comprehensive understanding of the logic of policy design with regard to the financial support of non-government education.
An Anthropological Approach to Education Policy as a Practice of Power: Concepts and Methods
Authors: Levinson Bradley A. , Winstead Teresa , Sutton Margaret
Published: June 2020

Since the introduction to our 2001 edited volume, Policy as Practice: Toward a Comparative Sociocultural Analysis of Education Policy (Sutton and Levinson 2001), we have continued to sketch the foundational postulates of a critical anthropological approach to the study of education policy. In 2009, we expanded and deepened many of the points from that introduction, more systematically introducing and defining theoretical terms, and providing a bit of their intellectual genealogy (Levinson et al. 2009). We also discussed certain methodological considerations that accompanied the theoretical approach, and we argued for a type of engaged educational anthropology that goes beyond the mere “study” of education policy to its democratization and transformation. Here we provide an updated synopsis of our approach.
Social Inclusion/Exclusion of Youth and Rhetorical and Symbolic Illusions of Social Change in Recent Spanish Education Policy
Authors: Jiménez-Ramírez Magdalena , Luzón Antonio , Pereyra Miguel A. , Torres Mónica
Published: June 2020

In the last quarter of the twentieth century, Spanish education experienced a full historical cycle closely related to the profound political changes that the country underwent during that period. The social and economic structure of the Spanish society changed considerably during the years of Francoism, and as such the regime’s social base was gradually narrowing during the 1960s and its last years (e.g. it was the significant case of the progressive disaffection of the great support received from the beginning from the Catholic Church). The 1970s witnessed the decline and definitive disappearance of the dictator in 1975, when a process of political transition began that was to a certain extent complete, but peaceful and based on agreement among the main political parties and social groups. It was generally regarded as a “success story” as well as a foundation of a country’s re-emergence as a welcome, more effective player on the international scene. This was a so-called transition by transaction (reforma pactada) (Gillespie 2017) and was approached by the political elites, from both inside and outside the regime, with much improvization and even expeditiously under pressure regarding the new arrangements. However, this “judicious pragmatism” (Tzortzis 2017) that was praised for so many years has now come to be perceived by many as one of the most relevant weaknesses of the whole process and a means of generating for the near future a sense of historical amnesia among citizens and in particular for the new generations.
RNN for Motion-Force Control of Redundant Manipulators with Optimal Joint Torque
Authors: Zhou Xuefeng , Xu Zhihao , Li Shuai , Wu Hongmin , Cheng Taobo , Lv Xiaojing
Published: June 2020

Precise position force control is the core and difficulty of robot technology, especially for robots with redundant degrees of freedom. For example, track-based controls often fail to grind the robot due to the intolerable impact force applied to the end-effector. The main difficulties lie in the coupling of motion and contact forces, redundancy analysis and physical constraints. In this chapter, we propose a new motion force control strategy under the framework of recursive neural network. The tracking error and contact force are described respectively in the orthogonal space. By choosing the minimum joint torque as the secondary task, the control problem is transformed into the QP problem under multi-constraint conditions. In order to obtain real-time optimization of the joint torque relative to the non-convex joint angle, the original QP is reconstructed at the velocity level, and the original objective function is replaced by the time derivative. Then a convergent dynamic neural network is established to solve the improved QP problem online. The robot position control based on recursive neural network is extended to the robot position control based on position force, which opens a new way for the robot to turn from simple control angle to crossover design with convergence and optimality. Numerical results show that the proposed method can realize precise position force control, deal with inequality constraints such as joint angular velocity and torque limitation, and reduce joint torque consumption by 16% on average.
Chirurgische Therapie der primär sklerosierenden Cholangitis
Authors: Branchi Vittorio , Weismüller Tobias J. , Zhou Taotao , Henn Jonas , Semaan Alexander , Glowka Tim R. , Gonzalez-Carmona Maria , Strassburg Christian , Kalff Jörg C. , Manekeller Steffen , Matthaei Hanno
Published: June 2020

Hintergrund

Wenngleich in Bezug auf Therapie und Krankheitsverständnis bei der primär sklerosierenden Cholangitis (PSC) in den vergangenen Jahren erhebliche Fortschritte zu beobachten sind, so ist bei Karzinom und „end-stage liver disease“ (ELD) eine Lebertransplantation (LTX) meist die einzige Chance auf Heilung. In seltenen Fällen ist eine Leberteilresektion (LR) zur kurativen Therapie des PSC-assoziierten Gallengangskarzinoms (CCC) möglich. Diese Operationen stellen für PSC-Patienten eine zusätzliche Belastung dar.

Ziel

Auch aufgrund der Seltenheit der Erkrankung sind detaillierte Studien zur hepatopankreatikobiliären (HPB-)Chirurgie der PSC rar. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die HPB-chirurgische Indikation und Prognose von PSC Patienten zu untersuchen.

Patienten und Methoden

Es erfolgte eine monozentrische, retrospektive Kohortenstudie von 1990 bis 2020. In dieser wurden Patienten mit PSC eingeschlossen und in Bezug auf operationsassoziierte Faktoren sowie deren Prognose untersucht.

Ergebnisse

Bei 62 Patienten (36 %) war eine PSC-bedingte, größere hepatopankreatikobiliäre Operation oder Exploration notwendig. Diese Patienten litten signifikant häufiger an einer chronisch entzündlichen Darmerkrankung (p < 0,019). Eine LTX erfolgte bei 46 dieser Patienten (73 %) aufgrund eines ELD. Eine LR erfolgte bei 8 Patienten (11 %). 9 Patienten wurden lediglich explorativ laparotomiert. Das Überleben in der LTX-Subgruppe war signifikant länger als nach LR bzw. explorativer Laparotomie (258 Monate; 95 %-Konfidenzintervall [CI] 210–306 vs. 88; 95 %-CI 16–161 vs. 13; 95 %-CI 3–23; p < 0,05).

Diskussion

Ein großer Anteil der Patienten mit PSC muss aufgrund der Erkrankung operiert werden mit erheblichem Risiko für Morbidität und Mortalität. Bei fehlenden kurativen Therapieoptionen wären Frühdiagnosestrategien zu begrüßen, um das PSC-CCC im Frühstadium erkennen und behandeln zu können.
Risk aversion and the willingness to migrate in 30 transition countries
Authors: Huber Peter , Nowotny Klaus
Published: June 2020

This paper uses individual-level data covering 30 transition countries that account for over one-quarter of the worldwide immigrant stock to assess the impact of risk aversion on willingness to migrate. It extends the previous literature by allowing the effect of risk aversion to depend on the level of risk in the sending country. Consistent with theories of individual-level migration decisions, we find that risk aversion has a robust and statistically significant negative impact on willingness to migrate within countries as well as abroad. As predicted by theory, this impact is robustly less negative in riskier sending countries. Furthermore, this negative impact is significantly larger for willingness to migrate abroad than willingness to migrate internally. We also find that, even after controlling for an extensive set of control variables, willingness to migrate internally and abroad are highly correlated. This suggests that internal and international mobility decisions are closely linked.
Crack formation, strain distribution and fracture surfaces around knots in thermally modified timber loaded in static bending
Authors: van Blokland Joran , Olsson Anders , Oscarsson Jan , Daniel Geoffrey , Adamopoulos Stergios
Published: June 2020

The effect of thermal modification (TM) on the chemistry, anatomy and mechanical properties of wood is often investigated using small clear samples. Little is known on the effect of growth-related and processing defects, such as knots and checks, on the bending strength and stiffness of thermally modified timber (TMT). Nine boards of Norway spruce with different combinations of knot types were used to study the combined effects of checks and knots on the bending behaviour of TMT. Digital image correlation (DIC) measurements on board surfaces at sites of knots subjected to bending allowed to study strain distribution and localise cracks prior to and after TM, and to monitor development of fracture (around knots) in TMT to failure. DIC confirmed that checking in knots was increased after TM compared to kiln-dried timber, specifically for intergrown knots and intergrown parts of encased knots. Effects appear local and do not affect board bending stiffness at these sites. Bending failure in TMT initiated mainly at knot interfaces or besides knots and fractures often propagated from checks. Scanning electron microscopy analyses of fracture surfaces confirmed this, and fractures were typically initiated around knots and at knot interfaces due to crack propagation along the grain in the longitudinal–radial plane (TL fracture) under mixed mode I and II loading, such that boards failed in simple tension like unmodified timber. Images of fracture surfaces at the ultrastructural level revealed details of the brittle behaviour of TM wood. This was especially apparent from the smooth appearance of transwall failure under mode I loading across the grain.
Response and Adherence to Nilotinib in Daily practice (RAND study): an in-depth observational study of chronic myeloid leukemia patients treated with nilotinib
Authors: Boons Christel C. L. M. , Timmers Lonneke , Janssen Jeroen J. W. M. , Westerweel Peter E. , Blijlevens Nicole M. A. , Smit Willem M. , Bartelink Imke H. , Wilschut Janneke A. , Swart Eleonora L. , Hendrikse N. Harry , Hugtenburg Jacqueline G.
Published: June 2020

Introduction

This comprehensive observational study aimed to gain insight into adherence to nilotinib and the effect of (non)adherence on exposure (Cmin) and treatment outcomes.

Methods

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients using nilotinib were followed for 12 months. Adherence was measured by Medication Event Monitoring System (MEMS), pill count, and Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS-5). Nilotinib Cmin and patient-reported outcomes (i.e., quality of life, side effects, beliefs, satisfaction) were measured at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months.

Results

Sixty-eight patients (57.5 ± 15.0 years, 49% female) participated. Median adherence to nilotinib (MEMS and pill count) was ≥ 99% and adherence < 90% was rare. Self-reported nonadherence (MARS-5) increased in the first year of treatment to a third of patients. In line with the strong beliefs in the necessity of taking nilotinib, forgetting to take a dose was more prevalent than intentionally adjusting/skipping doses. Nilotinib Cmin were generally above the therapeutic target in 95% of patients. Patients reported a variety of side effects, of which fatigue was most frequent. The mean Cmin was higher in patients who reported severe itching and fatigue. The overall 1-year MMR rate ranged from 47 to 71%.

Conclusion

Substantial nonadherence (< 90%) to nilotinib was rare and nilotinib Cmin were generally above the therapeutic target. Lack of response in our group of patients was not related to nonadherence or inadequate Cmin. Nevertheless, a considerable number of patients experienced difficulties in adhering to the twice daily fasted dosing regimen, emphasizing the importance of continuous support of medication adherence in CML.

Clinical trial registration

NTR3992 (Netherlands Trial Register, www.trialregister.nl)
Exploring the Impact of COVID‐19 on Progress Towards Achieving Global Surgery Goals
Authors: Mazingi Dennis , Navarro Sergio , Bobel Matthew C. , Dube Andile , Mbanje Chenesa , Lavy Chris
Published: June 2020

Introduction

In the 5 months since it began, the COVID‐19 pandemic has placed extraordinary demands on health systems around the world including surgery. Competing health objectives and resource redeployment threaten to retard the scale‐up of surgical services in low‐ and middle‐income countries where access to safe, affordable and timely care is low. The key aspiration of the Lancet Commission on global surgery was promotion of resilience in surgical systems. The current pandemic provides an opportunity to stress‐test those systems and identify fault‐lines that may not be easily apparent outside of times of crisis.

Methods

We endeavoured to explore vulnerable points in surgical systems learning from the experience of past outbreaks, using examples from the current pandemic, and make recommendations for future health emergencies. The 6‐component framework for surgical systems planning was used to categorise the effects of COVID‐19 on surgical systems, with a particular focus on low‐ and middle‐income countries. Key vulnerabilities were identified and recommendations were made for the current pandemic and for the future.

Results

Multiple stress points were identified throughout all of the 6 components of surgical systems. The impact is expected to be highest in the workforce, service delivery and infrastructure domains. Innovative new technologies should be employed to allow consistent, high‐quality surgical care to continue even in times of crisis.

Conclusions

If robust progress towards global surgery goals for 2030 is to continue, the stress points identified should be reinforced. An ongoing process of reappraisal and fortification will keep surgical systems in low‐ and middle‐income countries responsive to “old threats and new challenges”. Multiple opportunities exist to help realise the dream of surgical systems resilient to external shocks.
Dietary plasticity and the importance of salmon to brown bear (Ursus arctos) body size and condition in a low Arctic ecosystem
Authors: Mangipane Lindsey S. , Lafferty Diana J. R. , Joly Kyle , Sorum Mathew S. , Cameron Matthew D. , Belant Jerrold L. , Hilderbrand Grant V. , Gustine David D.
Published: June 2020

Ecological flexibility within animal populations can allow for variation in resource use and foraging decisions. We estimated brown bear (Ursus arctos) diet composition in Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve, Alaska from 2013 to 2015 to evaluate how variation in foraging behavior influences body condition and size. We used stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope analyses of sectioned brown bear hair samples to evaluate assimilated diet. We then developed a set of a priori linear models to evaluate differences in the diet composition of brown bears (n = 80) in relation to body fat (%) and mass. The proportion of meat (salmon [Oncorhynchus keta] and terrestrial meat combined) in the diet from July through late September varied between male and female bears, with males ($$\stackrel{-}{x}$$x-= 62%, SD = 30) assimilating significantly more meat than females ($$\stackrel{-}{x}$$x-= 40%, SD = 29). Most of the meat consumed came from marine-derived resources for males (53% of the total diet or 86% of the meat) and females (31% of the total diet or 77% of the meat). As we found the range of observed diets was unrelated to physiological outcomes (i.e., percentage body fat), we suggest that ecological flexibility within populations may provide an adaptive advantage by allowing individuals to reduce competition with conspecifics by foraging on alternate food resources. Identifying variable foraging behaviors within a population can allow for a better understanding of complex behaviors and, ultimately, lead to more informed management decisions related to habitat use, development, and harvest.
Darrieus vertical-axis water turbines: deformation and force measurements on bioinspired highly flexible blade profiles
Authors: Hoerner Stefan , Bonamy Cyrille , Cleynen Olivier , Maître Thierry , Thévenin Dominique
Published: June 2020

The characteristics of the fluid–structure interaction on the flexible blades of a horizontal-axis water turbine are studied; this bioinspired technology features mechanical simplicity, performance and lifetime improvement, and low fish impact risk, all characteristics of a truly sustainable renewable energy exploitation. A surface-tracking method synchronized with force measurements was applied on a surrogate model of single-bladed, vertical-axis water turbine in a water channel. This allows for the characterization of the structural deformations and their link to the hydrodynamic forces, over a large range of turbine designs and operating points. It is shown that the phase angles of the maxima in blade deformation coincide with those of the load maxima on a rigid blade in identical flow conditions. The influence of the turbine’s tip/speed ratio on the blade deformation and blade load is investigated. With the chosen blade design, hydrofoil deformation is found to be maximum in the operating points where the performance improvement is maximized ($$k_o=0.3$$ko=0.3). With lower values of reduced frequency (corresponding to lower rotation speed), fluid-induced forces dominate the fluid–structure interaction. Conversely, at higher frequencies, structural inertia dominates the interaction, and blade deformation is again reduced. Results suggest that the optimal blade rigidity may depend on the operating point; nevertheless the potential of the flexible-blade design is demonstrated through clear linking of fluid-induced forces and blade deformation in the complex flow conditions of the Darrieus water turbine.

Graphic abstract
On the use of near-neutral Backward Lyapunov Vectors to get reliable ensemble forecasts in coupled ocean–atmosphere systems
Authors: Vannitsem Stéphane , Duan Wansuo
Published: June 2020

The use of coupled Backward Lyapunov Vectors (BLV) for ensemble forecast is demonstrated in a coupled ocean–atmosphere system of reduced order, the Modular Arbitrary Order Ocean–Atmosphere Model (MAOOAM). It is found that overall the most suitable BLVs to initialize a (multiscale) coupled ocean–atmosphere forecasting system are the ones associated with near-neutral and slightly negative Lyapunov exponents. This unexpected result is related to the fact that these BLVs display larger projections on the ocean variables than the others, leading to an appropriate spread for the ocean, and at the same time a rapid transfer of these errors toward the most unstable BLVs affecting predominantly the atmosphere is experienced. The latter dynamics is a natural property of any generic perturbation in nonlinear chaotic dynamical systems, allowing for a reliable spread with the atmosphere too. Furthermore, this specific choice becomes even more crucial when the goal is the forecasting of low-frequency variability at annual and decadal time scales. The implications of these results for operational ensemble forecasts in coupled ocean–atmosphere systems are briefly discussed.
Evaluation of digital image analysis as a supportive tool for the stratification of head and neck vascular anomalies
Authors: Ehrenreich Jovine , Bette Michael , Schmidt Ansgar , Roeßler Marion , Bakowsky Udo , Geisthoff Urban W. , Stuck Boris A. , Mandic Robert
Published: June 2020

Background

The histological differentiation of individual types of vascular anomalies (VA), such as lymphatic malformations (LM), hemangioma (Hem), paraganglioma (PG), venous malformations (VeM), arteriovenous malformations (AVM), pyogenic granulomas (GP), and (not otherwise classified) vascular malformations (VM n.o.c.) is frequently difficult due to the heterogeneity of these anomalies. The aim of the study was to evaluate digital image analysis as a method for VA stratification

Methods

A total of 40 VA tissues were examined immunohistologically using a selection of five vascular endothelial-associated markers (CD31, CD34, CLDN5, PDPN, VIM). The staining results were documented microscopically followed by digital image analyses based quantification of the candidate-marker-proteins using the open source program ImageJ/Fiji.

Results

Differences in the expression patterns of the candidate proteins could be detected particularly when deploying the quotient of the quantified immunohistochemical signal values. Deploying signal marker quotients, LM could be fully distinguished from all other tested tissue types. GP achieved stratification from LM, Hem, VM, PG and AVM tissues, whereas Hem, PG, VM and AVM exhibited significantly different signal marker quotients compared with LM and GP tissues.

Conclusion

Although stratification of different VA from each other was only achieved in part with the markers used, the results of this study strongly support the usefulness of digital image analysis for the stratification of VA. Against the background of upcoming new diagnostic techniques involving artificial intelligence and deep (machine) learning, our data serve as a paradigm of how digital evaluation methods can be deployed to support diagnostic decision making in the field of VAs.
Seizures in Alzheimer’s disease are highly recurrent and associated with a poor disease course
Authors: Vöglein Jonathan , Ricard Ingrid , Noachtar Soheyl , Kukull Walter A. , Dieterich Marianne , Levin Johannes , Danek Adrian
Published: June 2020

Background

Seizures are an important comorbidity in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Conflicting results regarding clinical parameters associated with seizures in AD were previously reported. Data on seizure recurrence risk, a crucial parameter for treatment decisions, are lacking.

Methods

National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center data were analyzed. Seizure prevalence in AD and an association with disease duration were investigated. Associations of seizures with age of AD onset and with cognitive and functional performance, and seizure recurrence risk were studied.

Results

20,745 individuals were investigated. In AD dementia, seizure recurrence risk was 70.4% within 7.5 months. Seizure history was associated with an earlier age of onset of cognitive symptoms (seizures vs. no seizures: 64.7 vs. 70.4 years; p < 0.0001) and worse cognitive and functional performance (mean MMSE score: 16.6 vs. 19.6; mean CDR-sum of boxes score: 9.3 vs. 6.8; p < 0.0001; adjusted for disease duration and age). Seizure prevalence increased with duration of AD dementia (standardized OR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.39–1.73, p < 0.0001), rising from 1.51% at 4.8 years to 5.43% at 11 years disease duration. Seizures were more frequent in AD dementia compared to normal controls (active seizures: 1.51% vs. 0.35%, p < 0.0001, OR = 4.34, 95% CI = 3.01–6.27; seizure history: 3.14% vs. 1.57%, p < 0.0001, OR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.67–2.46).

Conclusion

Seizures in AD dementia feature an exceptionally high recurrence risk and are associated with a poor course of cognitive symptoms. AD patients are at an increased risk for seizures, particularly in later disease stages. Our findings emphasize a need for seizure history assessment in AD, inform individual therapeutic decisions and underline the necessity of systematic treatment studies of AD-associated epilepsy.
The day-to-day reliability of peak fat oxidation and FATMAX
Authors: Chrzanowski-Smith Oliver J. , Edinburgh Robert M. , Thomas Mark P. , Haralabidis Nicos , Williams Sean , Betts James A. , Gonzalez Javier T.
Published: June 2020

Purpose

Prior studies exploring the reliability of peak fat oxidation (PFO) and the intensity that elicits PFO (FATMAX) are often limited by small samples. This study characterised the reliability of PFO and FATMAX in a large cohort of healthy men and women.

Methods

Ninety-nine adults [49 women; age: 35 (11) years; $$\dot{V}$$

V
˙

O2peak: 42.2 (10.3) mL·kg BM−1·min−1; mean (SD)] completed two identical exercise tests (7–28 days apart) to determine PFO (g·min−1) and FATMAX (%$$\dot{V}$$

V
˙

O2peak) by indirect calorimetry. Systematic bias and the absolute and relative reliability of PFO and FATMAX were explored in the whole sample and sub-categories of: cardiorespiratory fitness, biological sex, objectively measured physical activity levels, fat mass index (derived by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) and menstrual cycle status.

Results

No systematic bias in PFO or FATMAX was found between exercise tests in the entire sample (− 0.01 g·min−1 and 0%$$\dot{V}$$

V
˙

O2peak, respectively; p > 0.05). Absolute reliability was poor [within-subject coefficient of variation: 21% and 26%; typical errors: ± 0.06 g·min−1 and × / ÷ 1.26%$$\dot{V}$$

V
˙

O2peak; 95% limits of agreement: ± 0.17 g·min−1 and × / ÷ 1.90%$$\dot{V}$$

V
˙

O2peak, respectively), despite high (r = 0.75) and moderate (r = 0.45) relative reliability for PFO and FATMAX, respectively. These findings were consistent across all sub-groups.

Conclusion

Repeated assessments are required to more accurately determine PFO and FATMAX.
Computational stability investigations for a highly symmetric system: the pressurized spherical membrane
Authors: Eriksson Anders , Nordmark Arne
Published: June 2020

Thin membranes are notoriously sensitive to instabilities under mechanical loading, and need sophisticated analysis methods. Although analytical results are available for several special cases and assumptions, numerical approaches are normally needed for general descriptions of non-linear response and stability. The paper uses the case of a thin spherical hyper-elastic membrane subjected to internal gas over-pressure to investigate how stability conclusions are affected by chosen material models and kinematic discretizations. For spherical symmetry, group representation theory leads to linearized modes on the uniformly stretched sphere, with eigenvalues obtained from the mechanics of a thin membrane. A complete three-dimensional geometric description allows non-axisymmetric shear modes of the sphere, and such instabilities are shown to exist. When the symmetry of the continuous sphere is broken by discretized models, group representation theory gives predictions on the effects on the critical states. Numerical simulations of the pressurized sphere show and verify stability conclusions for sets of meshing strategies and hyper-elastic models.
Microfluidic ratio metering devices fabricated in PMMA by CO2 laser
Authors: Tweedie M. , Maguire P. D.
Published: June 2020

We describe microfluidic fabrication results achieved using a 10.6 μm CO2 engraving laser on cast PMMA, in both raster and vector mode, with a 1.5″ lens and a High Power Density Focussing Optics lens. Raster written channels show a flatter base and are more U-shaped, while vector written channels are V shaped. Cross-sectional images, and, where possible, stylus profilometry results are presented. The sides of V-grooves become increasing steep with laser power, but broader shallower channels may be produced in vector mode by laser defocus, as illustrated. Smoothing of raster engraved channels by heated IPA etch, and transparency enhancement by CHCl3 vapour treatment are briefly discussed. An asymmetric Y meter is discussed as one method of diluting acid into seawater for dissolved CO2 analysis. Alternatively, microfluidic snake channel restrictors of different lengths in 2 channels may achieve the same result. Samples are fabricated with bases bonded by CHCl3 vapour treatment, and the devices are flow tested with either dilute food dye or DI water. Microfluidics fabricated in this manner have applications in ocean sensing of dissolved CO2 and other analytes, as well as broader sensing measurements, including biomedical sensors.
Statistics of thickness and strength of first-year ice along the Northern Sea Route
Authors: Chai Wei , Leira Bernt J. , Høyland Knut V. , Sinsabvarodom Chana , Yu Zhaolong
Published: June 2020

In this paper, statistics of ice thickness and ice strength of first-year sea ice along the Northern Sea Route (NSR) is studied to provide useful information for the design and operation of Arctic ships. Specifically, ice thickness, ice strength and other physical parameters of the sea ice are estimated. Four representative sites are selected to study the ice environment and ice strength in different sea areas along the NSR during the ice growth season. Besides that, a good knowledge of the co-variation relationships between these ice parameters in a particular region would promote the estimation of ice loads acting on structures located in this region. In this work, a novel probabilistic model is introduced to describe the probability distribution of the ice flexural strength. The co-variation relationships between ice thickness and ice strength are quantified in terms of correlation coefficients. The influence of air temperature on ice properties is also investigated and discussed.
The sum is more than its parts: stability of MnFe oxide nanoparticles supported on oxygen-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes at alternating oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction conditions
Authors: Morales Dulce M. , Kazakova Mariya A. , Purcel Maximilian , Masa Justus , Schuhmann Wolfgang
Published: June 2020

Successful design of reversible oxygen electrocatalysts does not only require to consider their activity towards the oxygen reduction (ORR) and the oxygen evolution reactions (OER), but also their electrochemical stability at alternating ORR and OER operating conditions, which is important for potential applications in reversible electrolyzers/fuel cells or metal/air batteries. We show that the combination of catalyst materials containing stable ORR active sites with those containing stable OER active sites may result in a stable ORR/OER catalyst if each of the active components can satisfy the current demand of their respective reaction. We compare the ORR/OER performances of oxides of Mn (stable ORR active sites), Fe (stable OER active sites), and bimetallic Mn0.5Fe0.5 (reversible ORR/OER catalyst) supported on oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Despite the instability of Mn and Fe oxide for the OER and the ORR, respectively, Mn0.5Fe0.5 exhibits high stability for both reactions.
KLEE symbolic execution engine in 2019
Authors: Cadar Cristian , Nowack Martin
Published: June 2020

KLEE is a popular dynamic symbolic execution engine, initially designed at Stanford University and now primarily developed and maintained by the Software Reliability Group at Imperial College London. KLEE has a large community spanning both academia and industry, with over 60 contributors on GitHub, over 350 subscribers on its mailing list, and over 80 participants to a recent dedicated workshop. KLEE has been used and extended by groups from many universities and companies in a variety of different areas such as high-coverage test generation, automated debugging, exploit generation, wireless sensor networks, and online gaming, among many others.
Low Self-Esteem and Impairments in Emotion Recognition Predict Behavioural Problems in Children
Authors: Wells Amy E. , Hunnikin Laura M. , Ash Daniel P. , van Goozen Stephanie H. M.
Published: June 2020

Research indicates that low self-esteem and impaired emotion recognition are risk factors for antisocial behaviour (ASB). Self-esteem and emotion recognition are essential for successful social interaction and previous research suggests that self-esteem and emotional intelligence are positively related. However, to our knowledge the relationship between these two risk factors for ASB has not been explored in children with behavioural problems. Thus, this study investigated self-esteem and emotion recognition, their relationship with one another and with behavioural problem severity. Participants were 8–11 year olds with behavioural problems (BP; n = 78) who were taking part in an early intervention program, and typically developing controls (TD; n = 54). Participants completed a self-esteem questionnaire and a computerised emotion recognition task. Teachers and parents rated children’s emotional and behavioural problems. BP participants had significantly lower self-esteem and exhibited an impairment in emotion recognition. Self-esteem and emotion recognition were positively related and inversely associated with behavioural problem severity and they predicted behaviour problems independently of one another. This is the first study to show that self-esteem and emotion recognition are related processes in children with behavioural problems and that both predict behavioural problems. This has important implications for the development of intervention strategies.
Multiyear phytoremediation and dynamic of foliar metal(loid)s concentration during application of Miscanthus × giganteus Greef et Deu to polluted soil from Bakar, Croatia
Authors: Pidlisnyuk Valentina , Shapoval Pavlo , Zgorelec Željka , Stefanovska Tatyana , Zhukov Oleksandr
Published: June 2020

The multiyear cultivation of Miscanthus × giganteus Greef et Deu (M.×giganteus) at the soils polluted by metal(loid)s were researched. The biomass parameters and concentrations of elements: Ti, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, As, Sr, and Mo were determined in the plant’s organs at harvest. The same metal(loid)s were monitored in the plant’s leaves throughout three vegetation seasons. The principal component analysis and general linear model approaches were applied for statistical evaluation followed by Box-Cox transformation. The difference in the distribution of elements in the plant, the content of elements in the soil, various regime of uptake to the plant tissues, and the year of vegetation were analyzed as driving factors of the phytoremediation. The results showed that the leading promoter was the factor of the zone, which was the most essential for Ti, Fe, and Cu and the smallest for Mn. The factor of differences in soil pollution was essential for Zn and Mo, much less for As, Sr, and Mn, limited for Fe, and was not seen for Ti and Cu. The factor of the interrelation effects of the zone and experiment reflected the different regime of uptake for the plant tissues was seen for two elements: more prominent for Cu and smaller for Ti. While analyzing the dynamic of foliar concentrations of the metal(loid)s during 3 years, two groups were defined. Firstly, Fe, Ni, Mn, and Sr showed stable curves with limited distribution of the plant life cycle. Secondly, As, Zn, Cu, and Mo showed different fluctuations in the curves, which can be attributed to essential influence of those elements to the plant life cycle. Further research will be focused on the application of M.×giganteus to the polluted soil in a bigger scale and comparison results of laboratory and field experiments.
Factorization of joint metacommunity diversity into its marginal components: an alternative to the partitioning of trait diversity
Authors: Gregorius Hans-Rolf
Published: June 2020

Diversity in metacommunities is traditionally viewed to consist of the diversity within communities ($$\alpha$$
α
) that is complemented by the differences between communities ($$\beta$$
β
) so as to result in the total diversity ($$\gamma$$
γ
) of the metacommunity. This perception of the partitioning of diversity, where $$\beta$$
β
is a function of $$\gamma$$
γ
and $$\alpha$$
α
(usually $$\beta =\gamma /\alpha$$

β
=
γ
/
α

with all components specified as effective numbers), has several drawbacks, among which are (1) $$\alpha$$
α
is an average that can be taken over communities in many ways, (2) complete differentiation among communities cannot always be uniquely inferred from $$\alpha$$
α
and $$\gamma$$
γ
, (3) different interpretations of $$\beta$$
β
as effective number of communities (e.g., distinct or monomorphic) are possible, depending on the choice of ideal situations to which the respective effective numbers refer, and (4) associations between types (species, genotypes, etc.) and community affiliations of individuals are not explicitly covered by $$\alpha$$
α
and $$\gamma$$
γ
. Item (4) deserves special regard when quantifying metacommunity diversity. It is argued that this requires consideration of the joint distribution of type-community combinations together with its diversity (joint diversity) and its constituent components: type and community affiliation. The quantification of both components can be affected by their association as realized in the joint distribution. It is shown that under this perception, the joint diversity can be factorized into a leading and an associated component, where the first characterizes the minimum number of communities required to obtain the observed joint diversity given the observed type distribution, and the second specifies the effective number of types represented in the minimally required number of communities. Multiplication of the two yields the joint diversity. Interchanging the roles of community and type, one arrives at the dual factorization with leading minimum number of types and associated effective number of communities. The two dual factorizations are unambiguously defined for all measures of diversity and can be used, for example, to indicate structural characteristics of metacommunities, such as type differentiation among communities and associated type polymorphism. The information gain of the factorization approach is pointed out in comparison with the classical and more recent modified approaches to partitioning total type diversity into diversity within and between communities. The use of factorization in analyses of latent community subdivision is indicated.
Building an ambidextrous organization: a maturity model for organizational ambidexterity
Authors: Stelzl Katharina , Röglinger Maximilian , Wyrtki Katrin
Published: June 2020

Organizational ambidexterity (OA) is an essential capability for organizations in turbulent environments, as it facilitates the simultaneous pursuit of exploitation and exploration. Over the last years, knowledge on OA has continuously matured, covering outcomes, moderators, and types of OA. However, little is known about how to build an ambidextrous organization in terms of what capabilities are needed and how they can be developed. To address this gap, we developed an organizational ambidexterity maturity model (OAMM) that assists organizations in becoming ambidextrous based on actionable practices (APs) structured according to five capability areas. In developing the OAMM, we conducted a structured literature review to compile APs and used card sorting to assign APs to maturity stages. We evaluated the OAMM based on literature-backed design objectives and discussions with practitioners. We also conducted an initial empirical validation of the APs’ assignment to maturity stages. The OAMM extends the descriptive and prescriptive knowledge on OA by taking a holistic view on OA, by shedding light on the interrelation of different OA types, and by enabling the assessment of an organization’s as-is and to-be OA maturity based on implemented APs.
A heuristics for HTTP traffic identification in measuring user dissimilarity
Authors: Ikuesan Adeyemi R. , Salleh Mazleena , Venter Hein S. , Razak Shukor Abd , Furnell Steven M.
Published: June 2020

The prevalence of HTTP web traffic on the Internet has long transcended the layer 7 classification, to layers such as layer 5 of the OSI model stack. This coupled with the integration-diversity of other layers and application layer protocols has made identification of user-initiated HTTP web traffic complex, thus increasing user anonymity on the Internet. This study reveals that, with the current complex nature of Internet and HTTP traffic, browser complexity, dynamic web programming structure, the surge in network delay, and unstable user behavior in network interaction, user-initiated requests can be accurately determined. The study utilizes HTTP request method of GET filtering, to develop a heuristic algorithm to identify user-initiated requests. The algorithm was experimentally tested on a group of users, to ascertain the certainty of identifying user-initiated requests. The result demonstrates that user-initiated HTTP requests can be reliably identified with a recall rate at 0.94 and F-measure at 0.969. Additionally, this study extends the paradigm of user identification based on the intrinsic characteristics of users, exhibited in network traffic. The application of these research findings finds relevance in user identification for insider investigation, e-commerce, and e-learning system as well as in network planning and management. Further, the findings from the study are relevant in web usage mining, where user-initiated action comprises the fundamental unit of measurement.
Joint monotone and boolean numerical and spectral radii of d-tuples of operators
Authors: Kula Anna , Wysoczański Janusz
Published: June 2020

We study joint numerical and spectral radii defined ford-tuples of bounded operators on a Hilbert space and related to noncommutative notions of independence. The definitions are in analogy with the ones of Popescu, where his formulations turned out to be related with free creation operators, and in this way related to the free independence of Voiculescu. In our study the definitions are related with either weakly monotone creation operators, and thus associated with the monotone independence of Muraki, or with boolean creation operators, and hence related with the boolean independence.
Towards Culture-Inclusive Criminology in Asia
Authors: Suzuki Masahiro , Pai Chen-Fu
Published: June 2020

Mainstream criminology has been mainly developed in the US and other English-speaking countries. With an expansion of criminology outside the English-speaking world, several scholars have started to cast doubts on the applicability of current mainstream criminology in their regions because it has failed to account for cultural differences. This question has led to a call for an “indigenized” criminology, in which knowledge and discourses are derived from or fixed to align with unique cultural contexts in each region. In this vein, Liu (2009, 2016, 2017a, 2017b) has proposed Asian Criminology. While it has significantly contributed to the development of criminology in Asia, we see two challenges in Liu’s Asian Criminology: lack of consideration for cultural diversity within Asia and its focus on the individualism–collectivism continuum. In this paper, we propose an alternative approach to developing criminology in Asia, which we callculture-inclusive criminology. It builds on a premise that Asia consists of a variety of cultural zones, and therefore calls for a shift from the Euro-American view on culture towards an understanding of culture in its context. Its goal is to develop indigenized criminologies in each cultural zone of Asia under an umbrella of culture-inclusive criminology.
A new characterization of the Haagerup property by actions on infinite measure spaces
Authors: DELABIE THIEBOUT , JOLISSAINT PAUL , ZUMBRUNNEN ALEXANDRE
Published: June 2020

The aim of the article is to provide a characterization of the Haagerup property for locally compact, second countable groups in terms of actions on $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}$-finite measure spaces. It is inspired by the very first definition of amenability, namely the existence of an invariant mean on the algebra of essentially bounded, measurable functions on the group.