bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antagonism of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria against the causal agent of the vascular wilting of tomato
Authors: Galeano Vanegas Narmer Fernando , Marulanda Moreno Sandra Maria , Padilla Hurtado Beatriz Elena , Mantilla Afanador Javier Guillermo , Ceballos Aguirre Nelson , Restrepo Franco Gloria María
Published: May 2021

Use of biotechnological potential of native microorganisms as bio-inputs is having a great impact on agricultural systems. Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR), in addition to their beneficial effect on plant growth and on the availability of soil elements, also have an antagonistic effect against different pathogens. In this study, growth promotion mechanisms with emphasis on the antagonism of PGPR isolated from sugarcane and tomato crops were evaluated. Antagonism against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp lycopersici (Fol) was determined by dual tests, inhibition of germination and production of chitinases and endoglucanases. 52 isolates were evaluated and according to their results in dual tests 10 were selected for further analysis. Isolate GIBI127 showed the best percentage of Inhibition Germination (IG) of Fol (59.29%). Then, a selection index was calculated using results from gi, dual tests and growth promotion mechanisms to select five best isolates. Finally, these bacteria were evaluated for chitinases and endoglucanases production using Miller´s method. As a result, strain GIBI419 (Burkholderia cepacia) showed a higher production of these enzymes. Selected isolates have antagonistic potential along with plant growth promotion characteristics, which can be used for the development of microbial inoculants which allow the establishment of agricultural systems for tomato cultivation that are sustainable, efficient, and environmentally friendly.
Comparative analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey public-use and restricted-use linked mortality files
Authors: Mirel Lisa , Zhang Cindy , Cox Christine , Yeats Ye , Suad El Burai Félix , Cordell Golden
Published: May 2021

"Objectives—Linking national survey data with administrative data sources enables researchers to conduct analyses that would not be possible with each data source alone. Recently, the Data Linkage Program at the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) released updated Linked Mortality Files, including the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data linked to the National Death Index mortality files. Two versions of the files were released: restricted-use files available through NCHS and Federal Statistical Research Data Centers and public-use files. To reduce the reidentification risk, statistical disclosure limitation methods were applied to the public-use files before they were released. This included limiting the amount of mortality information available and perturbing cause of death and follow-up time for select records. Methods—To assess the comparability of the restricted-use and public-use files, relative hazard ratios for all-cause and cause-specific mortality using Cox proportional hazards models were estimated and compared. Results—The comparative analysis found that the two data files yield similar descriptive and model results. Suggested citation: Mirel LB, Zhang C, Cox CS, Ye Y, El Burai Félix S, Golden C. Comparative analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey public-use and restricted-use linked mortality files. National Health Statistics Reports; no 155. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15620/cdc:104744. CS323656 nhsr155-508.pdf"
Vegetative propagation of an ornamental conifer: some techniques in podocarpo cutting
Authors: Menegusso Fernanda Jaqueline , Villa Fabíola , Silva Daniel Fernandes da , Silva Luciana Sabini da , Ritter Giovana , Eberling Tatiane
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT: The asexual propagation of conifers, such as Podocarpus macrophyllus (Thunb.) Sweet, faces difficulties. Among the factors that can improve the efficiency of asexual propagation are the types of cuttings used and lesions performed at the base of the cuttings, and the use of plant regulators, such as indolebutyric acid (IBA). This study determined the types of lesions to be performed at the cutting base, the type of cuttings used, the method to convey IBA at the cutting base, and the concentration of IBA required to obtain a proper rooting condition for the species. Two experiments were performed from March to July, 2018, in randomized blocks and with a factorial scheme, as follows: 2 x 4 (IBA application in solution and talc x IBA at concentrations of 0, 500, 1,000, and 1,500 mg L-1 IBA); and 2 x 3 (basal and apical cuttings x bevel, wedge, and horizontal lesions at the cutting base). In both experiments, the cuttings used were arranged on a masonry bed containing medium-textured sand. After 120 days of experimentation, the study concluded that the rooting percentage was favored by the use of basal cuttings with wedge lesions at the cutting base and treated with IBA in solution at a concentration of approximately 550 mg L-1.
O Conto da Aia e o aborto no Brasil: a ausência de liberdade da mulher sobre o próprio corpo
Authors: Holanda Ana Carolina Pessoa , Xerez Rafael Marcílio
Published: May 2021

Resumo: No artigo, analisa-se a criminalização do aborto no Brasil como violação aos direitos sexuais e reprodutivos das mulheres. Tem-se, como objetivo geral, a partir da apresentação da obra literária O Conto da Aia, a análise do aborto no Brasil sob uma perspectiva penal e constitucional, com foco na decisão proferida pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal, em sede do Habeas Corpus nº 124.306, julgado em 2016. No tocante à metodologia, a pesquisa é de natureza qualitativa, descritiva e explicativa em relação aos objetivos, utilizando-se o método dedutivo, construída com fontes bibliográficas e documentais. Conclui-se que o aborto deve ser entendido como uma questão de saúde pública, cuja proibição viola direitos e liberdades das mulheres, e que a legislação deve ser alterada com base nas pesquisas científicas atinentes ao tema e na decisão judicial proferida.
Apontamentos materialistas à interseccionalidade
Authors: Táboas Ísis Dantas Menezes Zornoff
Published: May 2021

Resumo: A partir dos ensinamentos de Heleieth Saffioti, este artigo desenvolve questões elaboradas pelo feminismo materialista ao feminismo interseccional, expondo limites para a utilização da interseccionalidade enquanto método de análise da realidade. Assim, primeiramente, o artigo apresenta a perspectiva da interseccionalidade desenvolvida pela professora e advogada norte americana Kimberlé Crenshaw e, para tanto, seleciona, traduz e analisa trechos de documentos oficiais de dois casos notórios de discriminação contra mulheres negras nos EUA. Em seguida, debate quatro questões dirigidas à interseccionalidade e desenvolvidas no seio de estudos feministas que utilizam o materialismo histórico dialético como método de análise da realidade, em especial, as obras da socióloga brasileira Heleieth Saffioti.
The Ritual Play and Altered States of Consciousness: the psychophysical processes in actor creation work
Authors: Oliveira Neto Leônidas , Haderchpek Robson Carlos
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT This article discusses the psychophysical processes of the actor from a laboratory practice developed with the Arkhétypos Group. The exposition presented is the result of the meeting of two researchers, one from the Performing Arts area and the other from Physiology, generating an interdisciplinary discussion about the Ritual Theater. This article analyzes two creative processes experienced by the authors and proposes an approximation with the theory of transient hypofrontality. The methodological approach is based on the anecdotal evidence and a rigorous bibliographic study. The partial results of the research help us understand what happens to the cerebral physiology of the actor who enters the ritual play.
Poetnographies: trieiros and alleys between Afro-Amerindian poetics and the artistic creation
Authors: Silva Renata de Lima , Lima Marlini Dorneles de
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT In this essay, we intend to revisit the trieiros and alleys that led to the notions of poetnography and the lived field, with a methodological approach towards the creative work in performing arts. In the act of revisiting, we also seek to observe the developments, update and discuss the conceptual and ethical challenges involved in the work with popular knowledge and Afro-Amerindian poetics form a decolonial perspective. The discussion is based on the authors' own production on the subject, but flirts with Performance Studies. A poetnographic research is presented so, not only as an artistic result, but as a process that reveals otherness, reinforces or problematizes identities, constructs or reconstructs imagery, in an inseparable confluence between art, education and politics.
A Covid-19 chegou no Brasil, e daí? A primeira resposta das redes solidárias sob a perspectiva da dádiva
Authors: Guillaumon Siegrid , Torlig Eloisa Gonçalves da Silva , Costa Caroline Cordova Bicudo da , Dias Fagner de Oliveira , Barros Andréia Elizabeth Silva
Published: May 2021

Resumo O artigo apresenta as ações solidárias como primeira resposta à crise Covid-19 no Brasil. Realizou-se uma busca de notícias sobre a formação de redes de solidariedade frente à situação pandêmica no país e realizada uma análise de clusters, em discussão baseada na Teoria da Dádiva. Foram identificados três grupos: cluster de ações de mitigação; cluster integrativo; e cluster de ajuda nos processos. A primeira resposta configura-se em rápida mobilização da sociedade civil para doar produtos e serviços de maneira a complementar às lacunas deixadas pelo Estado por meio de processos semelhantes aos da dádiva. Vislumbra-se uma agenda de atuação para a administração pública nos eixos: legitimidade e reconhecimento para as redes solidárias; fomento da parceria público-privada; e investimento para a ciência e tecnologia. Dentre as lições que podem ser aprendidas estão a dádiva, a cooperação e o compromisso mútuo, bem como as possibilidades para uma gestão pública efetiva e uma sociedade solidária e democrática.
O belo, o feio e o abjeto nos corpos femininos
Authors: Bento Berenice
Published: May 2021

Resumo O projeto social hegemônico para os corpos generificados assenta-se na suposição de que existe uma relação de continuidade entre a genitália (vagina/pênis), o corpo inteiro (mulher/homem) e as práticas generificadas (feminilidades/masculinidades). Esta linha de continuidade marcaria o que Judith Butler irá chamar de “gêneros inteligíveis”. A hipótese deste artigo é que a noção que ameaça o reconhecimento de um corpo como pertencente a um determinado gênero não é a feiura. Beleza e feiura seriam gradações hierarquizadas da leitura sobre os corpos generificados inteligíveis. São os corpos das travestis, das pessoas trans, transgênero que expressariam o lado da negação, da abjeção e que estariam fora mesmo das hierarquias de beleza. As categorias centrais de análise serão abjeção e gênero E o objetivo será discutir as categorias belo, feio e abjeto nos femininos relacionando-as às noções de performance de gênero, paródia, próteses identitárias e relações de poder.
Ege Bölgesi kıyılarında sıcaklık indislerinin analizi
Authors: DÜN Sevilcan , GÖNENÇGİL Barbaros
Published: May 2021

Yaz kuraklığının belirgin olduğu Akdeniz havzasında gözlenen ortalama sıcaklıklardaki artış, nüfusun ve kentleşmenin oldukça yoğun olduğu bölgede etkisini daha fazla hissettirmektedir. Bu çalışmada, tipik Akdeniz ikliminin görüldüğü Ege Bölgesi kıyıları incelenmiştir. Edremit, Burhaniye, Bergama, Seferihisar, Çeşme, Selçuk, Aydın, Datça ve Marmaris istasyonlarında belirtilen süre içinde sıcaklığın nasıl değiştiğini, gelişimini ve sıklığını analiz edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Seçilen istasyonlardan günlük maksimum ve minimum sıcaklık verileri kullanılmıştır. Verilerin homojenliğini tespit etmek için RH testi uygulanmıştır. Homojenliği sağlanan verilere WMO ve CLIVAR tarafından belirlenen iklim indislerinin 16 tanesi günlük maksimum ve minimum sıcaklık verilerine uygulanmış, ekstrem değerlerin eğilimleri parametrik olmayan Mann Kendall ve Sen Eğilim test yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarında sıcak gece ve günler, yaz günleri gibi artış gösterirken serin gece ve günler, soğuk devre süresi, günlük sıcaklık aralığı azalış eğilimi içerisindedir. Ekstrem sıcaklık olaylarında gözlenen artış insan sağlığı, ekonomi, turizm, tarım ve su kaynakları üzerinde negatif etki oluşturmaktadır. Bu etki canlı yaşamı, doğal ortamın sürdürülebilirliği ve adaptasyon sürecinde birtakım önlemler alınmasını gerekli kılmaktadır.
O lugar da literatura na educação jurídica: três urgências contemporâneas
Authors: Paixão Cristiano
Published: May 2021

O artigo discute o lugar da literatura no ensino do direito. São apresentadas três propostas ligadas à inserção de textos literários nos currículos de cursos jurídicos. A primeira ressalta a importância de considerar obras da literatura como parte integrante do corpus textual na base da formação do jurista. Parte-se do pressuposto de que as obras literárias devem compartilhar o mesmo espaço dedicado aos livros de doutrina, como os tratados e manuais. Na segunda proposta requer-se que a escritura e a leitura de textos jurídicos envolvam as dimensões do prazer e da fruição, tal como estabelecidas na obra de Roland Barthes. A terceira procura restabelecer a centralidade da literatura contemporânea no ensino do direito. Nesta parte do artigo, são apresentadas sugestões de obras literárias aptas a estabelecer uma relação e uma reflexão com temas jurídicos do presente. As considerações finais ressaltam a importância da literatura – e de sua constante renovação – para o estudo do direito.
Semi-Automated Extraction of Viral RNA using the MagMax Viral Pathogen (MVPII) 96 Kit for SARS-CoV-2 Detection v1
Authors: Belda-Ferre Pedro , Marotz Lisa , Humphrey Greg , C Morgan Sydney , Knight Rob
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this protocol is to describe a semi-automated process for viral RNA isolation from anterior nares (AN) swabs in molecular transport medium (MTM), Mawi medium, or 5% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), using the MagMAX™ Viral/Pathogen II (MVP II) Nucleic Acid Isolation Kit. This procedure applies specifically to samples received for SARS-CoV-2 testing. The MagMAX™ Viral/Pathogen II (MVP II) Nucleic Acid Isolation Kit uses magnetic bead technology to rapidly isolate, wash, purify, and elute viral RNA from viral samples in transport media. This process is developed for semi-automated systems and performs RNA extraction in a 96-well plate format. The RNA extracted will be used for SARS-CoV-2 detection via a TaqPath COVID-19 Multiplex Real-Time RT-PCR assay (see related protocol). Viral samples are obtained from anterior nares (AN) swabs and placed into MTM, Mawi, or 5% SDS solutions. Viral RNA from these samples is extracted using an Eppendorf epMotion 5075 automated liquid handling workstation and a KingFisher Flex benchtop automated sample preparation machine.
DETERMINATION OF THE GRASS YIELD AND GROWTH PARAMETERS OF MAIZE WITH QUINOA INTERCROPPING AT DIFFERENT PLANT MIXTURES
Authors: KOCA Onur
Published: May 2021

The aim of this study was to grow maize with quinoa plants as an alternative in an intercropping system and to determine the effects of different plant mixtures on production. For this purpose, a trial was carried out in the coastal Aegean region (Aydın Province) of Turkey under Mediterranean climate conditions. In addition to 100% maize and 100% quinoa (monocultures), 3 different mixtures (75% maize-25% quinoa, 50% maize-50% quinoa and 25% maize-75% quinoa) were also created with the help of the row numbers in parcels. To determine the effects of the different plant mixtures, the ash rate, grass yield and protein yield were measured in the mid-dough stage of maize. Moreover, the dry weights of the plants and plant parts (leaf, stalk and ear) were measured on 9 different sampling dates throughout the generative period, and the relative growth rate (RGR) and crop growth rate (CGR) were calculated. As a result, some climatic factors (extreme temperatures in 2020 and extreme rainfall in June 2019) had major impacts on the RGR and CGR values. Although the amount of maize dry matter increased in almost all mixtures, quinoa performed well only in the 50% quinoa-50% maize practice. In terms of grass yield and quality, quinoa can serve as a good alternative plant in intercropping systems with maize to improve the grass quality (with higher protein yields and ash rates) without reducing the grass yield excessively.
Emotional Intelligence as a Factor of Successful Self-Realization in Students of Socionomic and Bionomic Professions
Authors: Obukhova Y.V. , Borokhovski E.F.
Published: May 2021

Self-realization is an important factor of successful social adaptation, especially in the early stages of a professional career in the dynamic conditions of the modern economy and society.The purpose of this study was to assess the general level of self-realization of students in socionomic and bionomic professions.It also performed comparative analysis (previously insufficiently represented in the empirical literature) of subjective perception of self-realization, depending on the length of professional training and the level of emotional intelligence.The subjects were students of the Southern Federal University, 109 representatives of socionomic and 75 of bionomic professions.The respondents completed a multidimensional self-realization questionnaire (S.I.Kudinov) and the test of emotional intelligence (EmIn, by D.V.Lucin).The study found significant differences between the representatives of the two professional types as in their subjective assessment of success of three types of self-realization, as in the direction and relative contribution to the subjective sense of self-realization of the two factors under consideration: duration of professional training and the level of emotional intelligence.Emotional intelligence was a significant predictor of all types of self-realization, compensating for the negative influence of duration of training in bionomic professions and enhancing its positive effect in socionomic professions.The authors emphasize the importance of developing and using specialized innovative programs for effective training of emotional intelligence as one of the key components in the work of practical psychologists with young people in the early stages of professional training and career.
The 1857 earthquake in California*
Authors: Wood Harry O.
Published: May 2021

Newly discovered contemporary accounts, and old reports long overlooked, are here cited and coördinated with published reports and observations concerning the shock of January 9, 1857; and the extent and intensity of the earthquake are discussed. It is concluded that no other shock so great and so strong has occurred in the Coast Range region of south-central and southern California since the coming of white men.
Earthquake magnitude, intensity, energy, and acceleration
Authors: Gutenberg B. , Richter C. F.
Published: May 2021

This supersedes Paper 1 (Gutenberg and Richter, 1942). Additional data are presented. Revisions involving intensity and acceleration are minor. The equation log a = I/3 − 1/2 is retained. The magnitude-energy relation is revised as follows:

(20) log ⁡ E = 9.4 + 2.14 M − 0.054 M 2

A numerical equivalent, for M from 1 to 8.6, is

(21) log ⁡ E = 9.1 + 1.75 M + log ⁡ ( 9 − M )

Equation (20) is based on

(7) log ⁡ ( A 0 / T 0 ) = − 0.76 + 0.91 M − 0.027 M 2

applying at an assumed point epicenter. Eq. (7) is derived empirically from readings of torsion seismometers and USCGS accelerographs. Amplitudes at the USCGS locations have been divided by an average factor of 2 1/2 to compensate for difference in ground; previously this correction was neglected, and log E was overestimated by 0.8. The terms M2 are due partly to the response of the torsion seismometers as affected by increase of ground period with M, partly to the use of surface waves to determine M. If MS results from surface waves, MB from body waves, approximately

(27) M S − M B = 0.4 ( M S − 7 )

It appears that MB corresponds more closely to the magnitude scale determined for local earthquakes.

A complete revision of the magnitude scale, with appropriate tables and charts, is in preparation. This will probably be based on A/T rather than amplitudes.
A study of the inconsistent observations in the fault-plane project
Authors: Hodgson J. H. , Adams W. M.
Published: May 2021

The 65 solutions published in the fault-plane project of the Dominion Observatory have been based on 2,476 observations of P and 722 observations of PKP. Of these observations 18.3 per cent have been inconsistent with the published solutions, but a small number of stations have contributed a high percentage of these inconsistencies. Applying a criterion of rejection to the data reduces the percentage of inconsistencies to 14 per cent. Considering that most stations have tried to co�ate as fully as possible in the programme and have reported observations even when the arrivals were recorded only as weakly emergent phases, this percentage seems satisfactorily small.

Because the circles represent the boundaries between zones of compression and zones of dilatation, it might be expected that a higher percentage of inconsistencies would occur close to the circles. The reverse has been found; the observations close to the circular boundaries are slightly more accurate than those remote from them.

The inconsistent observations show no significant variation with epicentral distance except that the percentage of inconsistencies is high at the shorter distances. This is the effect of the crustal layers, and had been anticipated.

There have been 282 observations of PP and 135 observations of pP. These observations were examined to determine whether they could be used to determine the value of Poisson's ratio under the continents and under the oceans. It was found that the percentage of inconsistencies was too high to allow a final conclusion.

There were 17 observations of PcP. These were examined following a method suggested by B䳨 in an attempt to define the density ratio at the boundary of the core. The attempt was a failure because of the inconsistency of the data.

The failure of the reflected phases suggested that the data from them might be random. To test this, 23 new solutions were carried out based only on P and PKP data. When the solutions were complete, observations for the reflected phases were plotted on the diagrams. It was found that for all reflected phases the inconsistencies approached 50 per cent. It is clear that reflected phases, at least when reported by questionnaires, are not sufficiently accurate to be useful in fault-plane studies.
San Miguel, Baja California Norte, earthquakes of February, 1956: A field report
Authors: Shor George G. , Roberts Ellis
Published: May 2021

abstract

The San Miguel, Baja California Norte, earthquakes of February 9 and 14, 1956, were felt over most of northern Baja California and parts of southern California. They originated on the San Miguel fault. This newly named fault runs from the southern end of the Sierra Juárez, near the eastern end of the Agua Blanca fault, about N 60° W across the Álamo Plain. At least twelve miles of surface rupture occurred along this line during the February shocks. Cracks were uniformly open and arranged en échelon, stepping to the left. Magnitude of displacement was variable, but the direction was always right-lateral and up to the northeast. Surface evidence indicates that the fault is nearly vertical.

A zone of springs, linear hills and valleys, displaced drainage, and closed basins extends beyond the zone of surface rupture for fifty miles northwest to the vicinity of Guadalupe.

The main shock of February 9 occurred close to the northwest projection of the surface trace; the two major aftershocks on February 14 were near the southeast projection. This implies progressive faulting from northwest to southeast, similar to the southwest-to-northeast faulting in the Arvin-Tehachapi earthquake.

Slides occurred on the steep slopes of the Sierra Juárez. Temporary warm springs were formed a few miles from the fault, and near-by existing springs had variations in their flow.

Total property loss was small because there were few objects to be damaged. The six-building community of San Miguel, astride the fault, was severely hit: three adobe houses were destroyed and a frame schoolhouse was shifted from its inadequate foundations. Two brush shacks were relatively undamaged. Elsewhere, adobe and unreinforced concrete block structures suffered varying degrees of damage, most of which has gone unrepaired. The most common form of damage was cracking upward and outward from lintels.

The principal damage in and around the Álamo Plain, the area of surface rupture, was apparently from the shock of February 9. Beyond the southeast end of the surface trace, the only reported damage was from the aftershocks of February 14.
The mechanism of sandblows
Authors: Housner George W.
Published: May 2021

abstract

The formation of sandblows by earthquakes is explained in terms of well-known properties of water-bearing soils. The important parameters of the problem are the porosity, the permeability, the elasticity, and the degree of consolidation of the soil. The important conditions are that the water table be sufficiently near the ground surface and that the readjustment of soil particles by the passage of seismic waves be of sufficient magnitude.
The Port Hueneme earthquake of March 18, 1957
Authors: Housner G. W. , Hudson D. E.
Published: May 2021

abstract

The Port Hueneme earthquake of March 18, 1957, was the first recorded strong-motion earthquake for which the ground motion consisted essentially of a single pulse. Since all the energy of the earthquake was concentrated in one pulse, the ground accelerations and the response spectrum values were considerably larger than for more typical Pacific Coast earthquakes of equivalent magnitude. These abnormally high values are reflected in damage reports, which indicated an unusual amount of damage for a shock of magnitude 4.7.
Measured movement along the surface trace of an active thrust fault in the Buena Vista Hills, Kern County, California
Authors: Wilt James W.
Published: May 2021

abstract

For the past twenty-four years, measurements have been made of continuing movement on an active thrust fault in the Buena Vista Hills oil field in Kern County, California. Data are presented which show the rate and accumulated ground movement normal to the strike of the fault. Maximum accumulated movement between pairs of control points has been 1.637 feet, corresponding to an average rate of 0.068 feet per year.
Attenuation of seismic waves in the earth's mantle
Authors: Gutenberg B.
Published: May 2021

Contrasting with conclusions from laboratory experiments that the absorption coefficient k for amplitudes of elastic waves is proportional to 1/T, or, from theoretical considerations, that it should be proportional to 1/T or to 1/T2, observations of body waves through the mantle of the earth show little if any decrease in absorption with increasing period T. In teleseismic records S rarely shows periods of less than 4 seconds, while in P periods of 1 second are observed to the greatest distances. The value k = 0.06 per 1,000 km., found previously for P, P′P′ and P′P′P′ through the mantle and the core, is confirmed for P and PP and is found also for S in the mantle.
The particle motion of the S wave
Authors: Nuttli Otto W.
Published: May 2021

A micrometer microscope has been used to obtain particle motion diagrams for the S phase re-recorded at Florissant for distances from 50° to 80°. The diagrams indicate that the particle motion is linear. Furthermore, the diagrams show that the SV and SH components arrive simultaneously. They also show that it is sometimes very difficult to obtain the sense of the first S motion from a simple visual inspection of the seismograms.
The tsunami of March 9, 1957, on the Island of Hawaii
Authors: Fraser George D. , Eaton Jerry P. , Wentworth Chester K.
Published: May 2021

The Aleutian-born tsunami of March 9, 1957, produced water heights on the island of Hawaii between those produced by the 1946 and 1952 tsunamis. The tsunami-generating mechanism, although poorly understood, permits a hypothesis of multiple waves generated near the source (or the same wave traveling different paths) which eventually interfere to produce contrasting intensities in different parts of the broad Hawaiian area. Comparisons suggest that each tsunami is unique and unpredictable in some respects and predictable in others. Water heights depend in part on location and orientation of coastlines with respect to the earthquake epicenter and the presumed line along which the tsunami was generated. Local conditions of seiche and coastline configuration further modify average wave heights. Local conditions are effectively constant with respect to Aleutian tsunamis, and empirical data on water heights and danger areas are available. A program of improving tsunami and earthquake observations, together with additional tide-observation stations, may eventually permit more precise evaluation of a tsunami both before and after its arrival.
Crustal structure of the north Pacific from Love-wave dispersion
Authors: De Noyer John
Published: May 2021

Short-period Love wave dispersion from the Kurile Islands earthquake (June 22, 1952; O = 21b 41m 53s; φ = 46° N; λ = 153°.5 E) can be explained with a two-layer crustal model in which the upper 2 km. of material has a shear-wave velocity of 2.31 km/sec. The second layer has a thickness of 4 km. and a shear-wave velocity of 3.71 to 3.86 km/sec. Shear-wave velocities of 4.50 to 4.52 km/sec. are used for the material immediately below the crust. This crustal model is compared with structures obtained from short-period Love wave dispersion across other Pacific paths and with results of refraction studies.
An ultra-long-period seismograph galvanometer
Authors: Lehner Francis E.
Published: May 2021

A brief description is given of a galvanometer of longer than ordinary period. Mention is made of some of the details, precautions, and techniques pertaining to its construction, testing, and operation. The discussions are applicable to galvanometers of extended period in general.
The seismic pulse in materials possessing solid friction, II: Lamb's problem
Authors: Knopoff L.
Published: May 2021

The study of the propagation of seismic waves through a medium having attenuation factors varying as the first power of the frequency has been extended to the geometry used by Lamb for the perfectly elastic case. The results show three pulse groups corresponding to P, S, and R events. For high Q, all three pulses are very sharp; these pulses broaden at rates proportional to the product of the distance and 1/Q. For symmetric pulse input and high Q, the R pulse is noticeably asymmetric, the P pulse only weakly so.
DETERMINANTES DA VIOLÊNCIA E CRIMINALIDADE NA BAHIA ENTRE OS ANOS DE 2015 A 2017
Authors: Santana Jadson , Santos Alex , Paiva Urandi
Published: May 2021

Na atualidade a Violência e Criminalidade constituem-se em graves problemas para a sociedade brasileira. No entanto, há uma percepção empírica de que esses fenômenos e sua tolerância variam consideravelmente entre as sociedades, comunidades e entre os indivíduos. O presente trabalho é uma análise dos fatores associados com a manifestação da Violência e Criminalidade na Bahia. Para tanto, foram construídos cinco cenários considerando diferentes proxys desses fenômenos e utilizada uma metodologia de Dados em Painel, com 4 modelos econométricos e com informações dos 417 municípios do estado entre os anos de 2015 e 2017. Os principais resultados apontam que a estrutura social é um importante componente para a manifestação desses problemas sociais.  Sendo assim, políticas de prevenção e combate à criminalidade devem considerar ações integradas entre os órgãos de justiça criminal e a família e a comunidade, subentendendo que estes são importantes propagadores de normas de conduta de coerção social.
Infrarenal inferior vena cava agenesis
Authors: Fajardo German , Perez Leon Martina
Published: May 2021

We introduce the case of a 28-year-old male patient, who was admitted to the Vascular Department with a diagnosis of infrarenal inferior vena cava agenesis and secondary deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the lower limbs (LL). A 28-year-old male patient who came to the hospital’s Emergency Department due to non-specific abdominal discomfort described as "bloated feeling", dull pain in the mesogastrium and oedema in the LL during a month, for which he had consulted his primary care facility on several occasions. Upon arrival at the Emergency Department, the physical examination revealed mild bilateral bimalleolar oedema, with no other significant findings. A complete blood test was performed, showing a D-dimer of 5,600 IU/l. In view of the suspicion of DVT in the LL, a Doppler echocardiography was performed, which reported filling defects inside the common femoral vein and both bilateral external and internal iliac veins. Due to these findings, he was admitted to the Vascular Department to complete the study. During admission, an abdominal/pelvic CT scan was performed, showing the following results: absence of inferior vena cava at the infrarenal level, large amount of collateral circulation – especially paravertebral lumbar, multiple pelvic varicose veins and filling defects in the common bilateral external and internal iliac veins (Figure 1). Given the aforementioned findings, treatment with low-molecular-weight heparins and subsequent anticoagulation therapy was started after hospital discharge.
Clinical and Economic Advantages of Anchorless Arthroscopic Transosseous Suture Repair of the Rotator Cuff
Authors: Kuroda Shigehito
Published: May 2021

In 2005, an anchorless technique was developed for arthroscopic transosseous rotator cuff repair to reproduce open surgery. Since May 2015, the retear rate has decreased with the use of absorbable sutures in mattress suturing. This study analyzed 389 patients who underwent surgery using absorbable mattress sutures. Three 2-mm Kirschner wires with perforated tips were inserted through the inferior margin of the greater tuberosity into the medial edge of the footprint. After pulling the rotator cuff stump laterally, three Kirschner wires were penetrated through the rotator cuff and skin. Two glycolic acid and three polyester sutures were passed through three bone tunnels using the perforated tips of the Kirschner wires. Surgery was completed by inserting two absorbable mattress sutures and three nonabsorbable bridging sutures. The retear rate after surgery with absorbable mattress sutures was 1.8%. The cost of surgical materials used in our procedure was $12. The application of an absorbable suture in mattress suturing was associated with a low retear rate. Further, this technique only requires sutures. Hence, it is considered economically advantageous.
Robotic radical prostatectomy in the 21 st century: evolution of experience
Authors: Sierra Jesus Moreno
Published: May 2021

The advent of novel technologies and surgical techniques has revolutionized urological surgery in recent years. Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) has become the most widely used surgical approach for radical prostatectomy (RP) in the treatment of localized prostate cancer. However, the current available evidence on the benefit of RARP compared to open radical prostatectomy (ORP) is still under debate. Moreover, recent studies have proposed technical modifications of RARP to improve functional outcomes and postoperative quality of life of prostate cancer patients. The aim of this review was to summarize the current evidence on oncological, functional and perioperative outcomes of RARP, considering the results of our series of 408 RARP performed between October 2006 and February 2015 at Clínico San Carlos Hospital, and to provide a framework on the latest and most relevant updates on RARP surgical technique modifications. Keywords Prostate cancer; robot-assisted radical prostatectomy; oncological outcomes; functional outcomes; robotic surgical techniques.
COVID-19 Pediatric Problems: A Narrative Review
Authors: Field Tiffany
Published: May 2021

COVID-19 pediatric problems have been similar to those for adults, including medical, neurological, sensory and psychological conditions, although they have typically been less prevalent and severe. The lesser severity in children may relate to their less mature viral receptors, less dysregulation of immune responses, and a lesser incidence of pre-existing comorbid conditions. This narrative review is a summary of publications found on PubMed for 2019-2021 on the prevalence of infection and the characteristics of the clinical condition that has predominated for children (multisystem inflammatory syndrome typically presenting with fever and cough in 1-5% of children between the ages of 1 and 14). Most of the extra-pulmonary symptom literature has focused on neurological, sensory and psychological conditions including headaches and loss of smell and taste as well as skin problems. The research on psychological symptoms has noted helplessness, worry and fear as well as more serious problems including anxiety, depression, PTSD symptoms and suicidal ideation. These problems have been attributed to less exercise, separation from schools and peers, over-exposure to social media, already existing psychiatric disorders and chronic illnesses that have been exacerbated by COVID-19. Methodological limitations of the literature include small sample, cross-sectional studies assessing single variables in countries that experienced lockdowns early in the pandemic. And, sequelae or post-COVID problems have rarely been researched. This narrative review was intended to be a brief overview of publications on medical, neurological, sensory and psychological problems that children and adolescents have experienced during COVID-19. The review is based on some of the larger sample studies and systematic reviews that appeared on PubMed for the years 2019-2021. The terms pediatrics, children, adolescents and COVID-19 were entered and the search yielded 173 papers. Inclusion criteria were peer-reviewed studies and systematic reviews. Case reports and non-English papers were excluded. Following these criteria, 57 papers were selected. The resulting review that reflects the current literature includes prevalence data, clinical characteristics and potential underlying mechanisms. Consistent with the aims of this review, the paper is divided into sections on medical, neurological, sensory and psychological conditions as well as COVID-19 sequelae.
Aristotle and DSM on ‘Bipolar’ Melancholy: Symptoms, Medication, Link to Creativity.
Authors: borg Marlies
Published: May 2021

That Aristotle connected excellence, creativity to (bipolar) melancholy is known. This article adds depth and detail by distilling from his work characteristics of hot and cold melancholy, placing them in pairs of opposites, and comparing them with the diagnostic criteria for bipolar disorder in DSM. The Greek warned against extreme mood. He named two examples of mythical persons who suffered the tragic consequences; Ajax’ suicide and Hercules’ manic destruction of his wife and children. More recent examples are Vincent van Gogh, who committed suicide and his brother Theo who attacked his wife and child, was interned and finally succumbed from the consequences of extreme mania. Aristotle urged melancholics to temper their mood. For it was only from mild melancholy that sustained creativity could be expected. He advocated hellebore as medicine. His general ethical advice to strive towards the opposite extreme is especially relevant for melancholics. Aristotle’s work on excellence and bipolar melancholy can inspire those confronted with bipolar disorder today to temper their mood. The examples of famous melancholics throughout the ages bring comfort and a sense of belonging. The author, who is stabilized on lithium, holds up the example of the van Gogh family who, lacking the effective the medicine available today, communicated openly with each other about their disorder. With the new 20th century medication, perfected in our own time, it is from increased openness that the major advances in mental health are now to be expected.
Expectant versus surgical management of incomplete abortions caused by self-intake of abortifacient drugs: results from a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Singh Ankita , Kushwah Devendra Singh , Khatik Neha , Kushwah Beenu
Published: May 2021

Background: Termination of unwanted pregnancies with medical method using recommended protocol based abortifacient drugs is a standard practice followed by obstetricians and gynaecologists worldwide which has a very successful outcome. However, self-administration of these drugs has become rampant because of certain social and practical issues resulting in complications and incomplete abortions as when these drugs are self-administered, recommended protocol is not generally followed. Traditionally incomplete abortions are managed by surgical curettage which itself is associated with procedure related complication and has been challenged by recent studies. Based on these studies many international guidelines have come out in support of expectant management of incomplete abortions. This study compared both of these management protocols to treat incomplete abortions caused by unprescribed intake of abortifacient drugs.Methods: This was a one-year long prospective randomized controlled study in which total 782 females were randomized into two groups of 371 and 411. Group 1 was offered expectant management while group 2 was offered surgical curettage. Results were analysed using appropriate statistical tests.Results: Group 1 showed a success rate of 86% while group 2 showed a success rate of 90% which was comparable. Overall complication rate was found to be higher in Surgical curettage group than in the group which underwent expectant management group.Conclusions: Considering a very high number of patients coming with incomplete abortions caused by self-medication in present practice, expectant management seems to be a safer and more effective method and should be practice more widely.
Cost variation analysis of oral anti-diabetic agents available in Indian market
Authors: Gedam Sanjay , Barmaiya Namita
Published: May 2021

Background: The objective of this study was to analyze cost variations of oral antidiabetic drugs available in Indian market.Methods: An observational study was carried out using CIMS (current index of medical specialities), (July 2020 to October 2020) and 1 mg.com, where difference in the maximum and minimum price of a particular drug, manufactured by different pharmaceutical companies, in the same strength, number and dosage form was compared and the percentage variation in price was calculated. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis.Results: The minimum and maximum percentage price variation for different classes of drugs respectively is as follows- in single drug therapy, the price variation between a sulfonylurea group of drugs glibenclamide (5 mg) shows maximum price variation of 400%, while glipizide (2.5 mg) shows variation of 81.8%. In biguanides, thizolidinediones and DPP4 inhibitor groups of drugs, metformin (500 mg), pioglitazone (30 mg) and vildagliptin show maximum price variation of 334.78%, 307 % and 264.6% respectively. In α- glucosidases inhibitor group of drugs voglibose (0.2 mg) shows maximum price variation of 284%. In meglitinides group of drugs, nateglinide (60 mg) shows maximum price variation of 284.6 %. In combination drug therapy, glimepiride and metformin combination (2+500 mg SR) shows the maximum variation up to 352.8%.Conclusions: The percentage cost variation of different brands of the same drug manufactured in India is very wide and the reason behind marketing a drug should be directed towards maximizing the benefit of therapy and minimizing negative personal and economic consequences.
An evaluation of knowledge, attitude and perception about adverse drug reactions and pharmacovigilance among intern doctors in a medical college teaching hospital of Sangli
Authors: Shetti Santoshkumar A. , Limaye R. P.
Published: May 2021

Background: Underreporting of various adverse drug reactions (ADRs) by consultants is a common incurable problem. National pharmacovigilance program is one of the ongoing programs to monitor the adverse drug reactions & reporting at the earliest to the nearby AMCs. As medical interns are budding doctors, the focus of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and perception about ADRs and pharmacovigilance in them.Methods: A cross section questionnaire-based study was conducted after approval by our institutional ethics committee pretested and validated questions consisting of 20 questions (knowledge, attitude, perception) were administrated to medical interns. The filled questionnaires were collected and analysed.Results: In our study, medical interns have fair enough idea about ADR and pharmacovigilance. In knowledge domain they were aware of term ADRs (100%), pharmacovigilance (72.6%). In attitude domain majority of interns (80.6%) known availability of ADR forms, compulsory of pharmacovigilance unit (90.3%). In perception domain very poor response from interns, not even a single intern had reported any ADR filled form and they don’t know meaning of re-challenge and de-challenge, very few interns (9.7%) know how to manage the ADRs in emergency conditions.Conclusions: Under reporting problem can be improved by doing more teaching activities at undergraduate level and intern’s level including various workshops, CMEs, problem-based teaching of adverse reactions in their curriculum. These exercises will improve their reporting frequency and sensitize the interns from the undergraduate days itself in their upcoming clinical practice in community.
Influence of socioeconomic factors on accidental injuries in children
Authors: Shankar Poornima , G. S. Krithika , . Afroza , E. Balaji
Published: May 2021

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) report of 2006 stated that injuries account for a significant percentage of deaths in children. Of the 2.6 million child deaths recorded, among 1-14 year old children, 15.4% are said to be due to unintentional injuries. This study aims to establish if the socioeconomic status forms a risk factor for unintentional injuries.Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted at Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangalore. Children between 0-18 years of age were included and case files of children admitted for unintentional injuries were studied and the socioeconomic status was analyzed.Results: This study has helped us conclude that accidental injuries although variedly distributed between families of different socioeconomic class, were not significantly associated with lower socioeconomic status, overcrowding or parental age and employment. The only factor that emerged a risk was male gender (53.66%).Conclusions: While majority of studies indicate that lower socio-economic status is associated with higher injury risk, our study did not indicate the same. Therefore, it calls for more studies which explore the various other factors.