bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monitoring of Antibodies Titre Against Canine Distemper Virus in Ferrets Vaccinated with a Live Modified Vaccine
Authors: Pavlačík L. , Celer V. , Kajerová V. , Jekl V. , Knotek Z. , Literák I.
Published: November 2007

A group of five ferrets vaccinated against the canine distemper virus (CDV) was evaluated as to the onset of anti-CDV antibody production and the serum levels of the animals were monitored for one year. The ferrets were immunized with a live attenuated vaccine. The vaccination pattern was as follows: primary vaccination at the age of 6 weeks, fi rst revaccination at 30 days after primary vaccination, and second revaccination after another 30 days. Blood samples were taken prior to primary vaccination and then at 30-day intervals (sampling 1 to 12). The whole experimental cycle covered the period of one year from primary vaccination (till the age of 1 year and 6 weeks). Serum samples were analysed for anti-CDV virus-neutralisation antibodies using a virus-neutralisation test using the Onderstepoort CDV strain. All ferrets had zero virus-neutralisation antibody titres before primary vaccination. Two ferrets produced virus-neutralisation antibodies as a response to first revaccination. A stable antibody level (titre 256) was maintained between months 4 and 11 after primary vaccination and a sudden increase in antibody titre (titres 512 and 1024 - 2048) occurred in both animals in months 11 and 12. The reason for the abrupt rise in antibody titres in the two animals remains unclear. No anti-CDV seroconversion was observed in the three remaining animals. Regarding the results obtained in this study we do not consider commonly recommended vaccination with a live attenuated anti-CDV vaccine as an effective method of antibodies induction against distemper in young ferrets.
Incidence of Canine Hypersensitivity in the Region of North Eastern Bohemia
Authors: Počta S. , Svoboda M.
Published: November 2007

The aim of the study was to determine the incidence of different types of hypersensitivity disorders in dogs in the region of North Eastern Bohemia in the period of 1994 - 2005. In total 150 dogs were included in the study based on suspected hypersensitivity reaction. The incidence of hypersensitivity disorders in the broadly selected group of patients with dermatological problems was 3.5%. The most common diagnosis was atopic dermatitis (94 cases) followed by flea allergy dermatitis (80 cases) and food hypersensitivity (18 cases). In terms of breed predilection, the highest number of hypersensitivity cases were Boxers (100%) and French bulldogs (92.3%) which is significantly higher proportion (p < 0.05) compared to Shar-Peis (50%) and significantly even higher proportion (p < 0.01) compared to other breeds. In relation to age and sex, no significant differences were observed in incidence of hypersensitivity disorders. Canine atopic dermatitis and flea allergy dermatitis were most commonly diagnosed between 6 months and 3 years of age. Sex predilection was not observed in any of the hypersensitivity reactions. Hormonal hypersensitivity was diagnosed in 4 patients over 6 years of age. Angioedema, rash and insect bite hypersensitivity was diagnosed in 8 acute cases where fast recovery was observed after institution of appropriate therapy.
Therapy of Canine Deep Pyoderma with Cephalexins and Immunomodulators
Authors: Špruček F. , Svoboda M. , Toman M. , Faldyna M. , Špruček F.
Published: November 2007

Pyodermas are among bacterial skin diseases often resisting antibiotic therapy. We therefore examined how the dogs with deep pyoderma (n = 29) respond to therapeutic effect of antibiotic cephalexins (Ceporex®, 30 mg kg-1 p.o., once a day for 9 - 11 weeks) combined with immunomodulators (Baypamune®, once a week i.m. pro toto). The dogs with the first occurrence of pyoderma (n = 11) were treated by antibiotics alone, whereas the dogs with recurrent pyoderma (n = 18) were treated by either antibiotics alone (n = 8) or antibiotics combined with Baypamune® (n = 10). Of 11 dogs with the first occurrence of disease, 8 (73%) were successfully cured. However, only 5 of them (45%) stayed recovered after a period of two months that elapsed from the completion of therapy. Of the 8 dogs with recurrent pyoderma treated by antibiotics only, 6 (75%) recovered quickly but only 3 of them (38%) stayed healthy after 2 months elapsing from the therapy termination. Of the 10 dogs treated by antibiotics combined with immunomodulators, 8 (80%) regained health within a therapeutic period and 7 of them (70%) remained completely cured after 2 months from completion of therapy. The durations of treatment in dogs with the first occurrence of pyoderma and those with recurrent pyoderma were 8.4 and 10.5 weeks, respectively, the difference begin significant. Hair lenght and percentage of the skin area affected had no effect on the therapy duration. The disappearance of pruritus preceded the successful treatment. The results suggest that the joint treatment of deep pyodermas in dogs by antibiotics and immunomodulators may be superior to the purely antibiotic therapy, because of a stronger suppressive effect on the disease relapse.
Catheter Biopsy as a Useful Tool to Establish an Early Diagnosis for Canine Prostatic Disorders
Authors: Paclíková K. , Kohout P. , Vlašín M.
Published: November 2007

In the study conducted on 29 pre-selected patients, we intended to evaluate the reproducibility of prostatic catheter biopsy (CB) as a minimally invasive procedure, directly comparing it to another well-established method, namely ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (USG-FNAB). As a direct control we used histopathological evaluation and microbial cultivation of samples obtained by percutaneous Tru-Cut biopsy. Evaluating our data, we found that for establishing proper diagnosis by means of cytology, less invasive catheter biopsy (CB 75.86%) is at least comparable to already proven ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (USG-FNAB 72.41%), while catheter biopsy (CB 13 cases out of 29) was significantly (p < 0.0001) more sensitive in actual identification of infectious agents than ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (USG-FNAB 2 cases of 29).We believe that an early microbial evaluation of patients suffering from prostatic disorders helps to target antimicrobial treatment in the beginning of therapy, reducing the risk of failure due to bacterial resistance.
The Effect of Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone (Lhrh) on Steroidogenesis by the Human Luteal Tissue
Authors: Ikoma Hisao , Yamoto Mareo , Nakano Ryosuke
Published: November 2007

The effect of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) on progesterone and estradiol production was studied in human luteal tissue. Tissue slices were incubated in Ham's F‐10 medium under an atmosphere of 95% O2; 5% CO2 at 37 °C for 4 h. Slices were treated with or without human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) in the presence or absence of LHRH. HCG stimulated progesterone and estradiol production by human luteal tissue in a time‐and dose‐related manner. LHRH stimulated the basal progesterone production in five (one early luteal and four mid‐luteal) of 17 corpora lutea, and stimulated the basal estradiol production in three (all mid‐luteal) of 16 corpora lutea. On the other hand, LHRH inhibited HCG–stimulated progesterone production in four (two early heal and two mid–luteal) of 22 corpora lutea. and inhibited HCG‐stimulated estradiol production in four (one early luteal and three mid‐luteal) of 18 corpora lutea. In the acute short‐term incubations of human luteal tissue, therefore, LHRH had little effect on basal and HCG‐stimulated steroidogenesis. However, in a few corpora lutea taken in the early or mid‐luteal phase, LHRH 5timulated basal steroidogenesis and inhibited HCG‐stimulated steroidogenesis.
Search for Circulating Immune Complexes and Activation of the Complement System in Relation to Estrogen Treatment
Authors: Bukh Anne , Jensen Hakon Kaalund , Andersen Hans Jakob , Eriksen Peter Bonne , Peter Niels , Möller Hundahl
Published: November 2007

By employing an ammonium sulphate precipitation technique, previous studies have shown circulating immune complexes (cIC) in an increased proportion of women using oral contraceptives, as compared with non‐users. The pathogenicity of cIC is well established, as deposition in organs may lead to activation of the complement system and thereby inflammation and tissue destruction. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether estrogen treatment could induce the formation of cIC, as measured by more specific immune complex assays. To test for complement activation, plasma samples were analysed for the complement split product C3d. Thirty‐one women treated with estrogen for menopausal hormone deficiency symptoms and 38 untreated controls were analysed for cIC. Using a solid‐phase Clq‐anti‐lgG binding assay, the mean level of clC in the estrogen‐treated group did not differ significantly from that of the untreated control group (p>0.05). In a solid‐phase Clq‐protein A binding assay a very small average increase in the clC values for the estrogen–treated group in comparison with the untreated group was found, expressing a significant difference (p = 0.04). Moreover, the C3d levels for the estrogen–treated group did not differ from the untreated control group. Finally, no differences could be demonstrated in cIC and C3d levels between patients treated with synthetic estrogens and patients treated with natural estrogens.
Expulsion Into the Peritoneal Cavity of a Full Term Fetus with Intact Membranes
Authors: Karlsson Sten‐Göran , Selbing Anders
Published: November 2007

It is customary to distinguish between rupture and dehiscence of a cesarean section scar. Rupture referees to rupture of the fetal membranes so that the uterine cavity communicates with the peritoneal cavity. In dehiscence the membranes are not ruptured and it is generally believed that the fetus in such cases could not be extruded into the peritoneal cavity. Here we present a case where the fetus with intact fetal membranes and placenta was expelled.
Reconstructive Microsurgery of the Rabbit Oviduct Using Serosal Microsutures and Fibrin Sealant
Authors: Sørensen SÓRen Stampe , Schroeder Erik , Olesen Henning Peter
Published: November 2007

Microsurgical reconstruction of the rabbit oviduct was undertaken utilizing either: A: fibrin sealant in a thick layer applied to two or three serosa microsutures (20 rabbits), B: fibrin sealant only (20 rabbits), and C: microsutures only (20 rabbits). The pregnancy rates and the patency rates of the oviducts showed no significant differences between the three groups. However, the formation of adhesions at the site of re‐anastomosis was significantly lower and the total duration of surgery significantly shortened when fibrin sealant was employed. It is concluded that fibrin sealant combined with serosa microsutures certainly is the most convenient method in human tubal microsurgery seeing that this method maintains a higher tensil strength at the site of reanastomosis as compared to group B and avoid the risk of mucosal lesions as compared to group C. out using a clamp to approximate the tube ends, and instead to place two or three microsutures in the serosal layer before covering the anastomosis by fibrin sealant. Moreover, the risk of spontaneous rupture of the anastomosis between the 2nd and the 4th day after surgery, as with fibrin adhesive alone, would certainly be minimized. Accordingly the present investigation was initiated in the hope of achieving the same high pregnancy and oviduct patency rates and the same low formation of adhesions and short operation time as for anastomosis with fibrin sealant alone when compared with anastomosis by PGA microsutures.
Ovarian pregnancy and iucd use in a defined complete population
Authors: Herbertsson Gunnar , Magnusson Sigurdur S. , Benediktsdottir Kristrun
Published: November 2007

During 1968 ‐ 82,759 histologically verified ectopic pregnancies occurred in Iceland. Retrospective analysis revealed that 26 of these were ovarian pregnancies. All but three of the ovarian pregnancies occurred in parous women. In 21 cases (80.8%), there was an association with the use of an IUCD at the time of conception. There was a significant difference (p<0.001) between the 10.7% rate of ovarian implantation in ectopic pregnancies in IUCD users and the 0.9% rate in non users. Although ovarian pregnancy is rare, the observed incidence in our material was nearly five times as high as previously described. Women with ectopic pregnancy while using an IUCD appear to be at significantly higher risk of having an ovarian implantation.
Results of reversal of sterilization performed in danish women 1978‐1983
Authors: Thranov Ingrid , Hertz Jens , Ryttov Nis
Published: November 2007

To follow up the outcome of refertilization after female sterilization, the Danish women refertilized from 1978 through 1983 were contacted by questionnaires, and the operative reports from sterilization and refertilization were obtained. Ninety percent (132/147) responded. The median follow up time was 39 months (range 18 ‐ 83). Forty‐four percent of the women became pregnant, 26% gave live birth, 7% had a miscarriage only, and 11% had a tubal pregnancy. The results of reversal of sterilization by means of conventional surgery (n = 101) and microsurgery with microscope or magnifying glasses (n=31) did not differ in terms of number of live births. Refertilization after sterilization by laparoscopic methods was more successful: 34% of these women gave live birth, whereas 19% gave live birth after reversal of sterilization performed by resection of the tubes. The predictive value of peroperative tubal patency for subsequent pregnancy was 32%, whereas the prediction of no pregnancy in cases of no patency was found to be 60% correct. Postoperative hystero‐salpingography (HSG) showing tubal patency was of predictive value for later pregnancy in 45%, whereas no patency by HSG gave a correct prediction for no pregnancy in 94% of the cases. In order to improve the skill of the surgeons, and thus, apply the microsurgical technique to full advantage, it would seem necessary to concentrate reversal of female sterilization on a small number of departments especially interested in this technique.
Altered progesterone/estrogen receptor ratios in endometriosis: A comparative study of steroid receptors and morphology in endometriosis and endometrium
Authors: Lyndrup Jens , Thorpe Susan , Glenthej Anders , Obel Erik , Sele Vagn
Published: November 2007

In a comparative study of endometriosis and endometrium, specimens were taken from both endometriotic and endometrial tissue in 14 patients. Receptor assays and histological examinations were performed on both specimens. Cy‐tosolic estrogen receptors (ERc) as well as cytosolic progesterone receptors (PRc) were detected in 9/14 and 12/12 cases of endometriosis respectively. Nuclear estrogen receptors (ERn) were detected in 4/4 cases of endometrosis. Expressed as fmol/mg cytosol protein, significantly higher values of both ERc and PRc were found in endometrium than endometriosis (p<0.01). However, when the ratio between PRc and ERc was considered, significantly higher PRc/ERc ratios were found in the cytosol of endometriotic tissue (p<0.01). Thus the lower receptor concentrations found in endometriosis cannot be explained solely as ectopic endometrium being diluted by non‐receptor‐containing tissue. In spite of high PRc/ERc ratios in endometriosis, secretory changes similar to those found in endometrium were observed in only one of 7 cases (p<0.05).
Induction of labor and cervical ripening with oral pge2 in risk pregnancies: A placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Somell Christina
Published: November 2007

A double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study was undertaken to evaluate the priming effect on the cervix and also the effect on the subsequent induction of labor. 0.5 mg oral PGEj or placebo was given hourly for two 12‐h periods. A total of 191 women with risk pregnancies and Bishop score < 5 were studied. The induction of labor was carried out with oxytocin or oral PGE2 in a randomized manner. Labor was induced in 39% of the women during the PGEj priming. The best result, 71% vaginal deliveries, was achieved with the combination of PGE2 priming and induction of labor with oxytocin.
Fertility following conservative surgery for tubal pregnancy
Authors: Langer R. , Bukovsky I. , Herman A. , Ron‐El R. , Lifshitz Y. , Caspi E.
Published: November 2007

Eighty seven conservative surgical interventions for unruptured tubal pregnancy were performed on 83 patients. Salpingotomy was performed in 66 cases and expression of tubal pregnancy in 21 cases. In this patient group, 76.7% (56 out of 73) experienced intra‐uterine pregnancy following surgery and 71.2% (52 out of 73) had a live birth. The recurrence rate of tubal pregnancy was 12.3%. Of the 42 patients with a normal contralateral tube, 36 (85.7%) had an intra‐uterine pregnancy, 80.9% had a live birth and 7.1% had a recurrent tubal pregnancy. Sixty percent of the patients who underwent operation on their single tube, had a live birth and 66.6% had an intra‐uterine pregnancy; the recurrence of tubal pregnancy in this group was 26.6%. No recurrence of tubal pregnancy was found in the group of patients who underwent expression of tubal gestation. It is suggested that the expression of tubal gestation (milking) is a safe procedure for conserving future fertility, and that the indications for conservative surgical management in patients with unruptured tubal gestation should be broadened to include all patients interested in future pregnancies, regardless of the current state of the contralateral tube.
Zinc concentrations in maternal blood during pregnancy and post partum, in cord blood and amniotic fluid
Authors: Maršál Karel , Furgyik Stefan
Published: November 2007

Zinc deficiency was reported to lead to congenital malformations and abnormal fetal development, and zinc concentration in amniotic fluid has been found to be correlated with fetal birth weight. In the present study, zinc concentrations were estimated in 8 pregnant women at 15 gestational weeks and 68 pregnant women at term. Maternal serum zinc concentration in early and term pregnancy was significant!; lower than that of the non‐pregnant controls (mean value ±SEM being 9.8±0.6, 9.3±0.2, and 11.5±0.3 μmol/l respectively). Maternal serum zinc concentrations reached the non‐pregnant level by one week postpartum. The mean serum zinc concentration in cord blood was 14.4 (±0.4) μmol/1. The zinc concentration in the amniotic fluid was very low both ii early pregnancy and at term 1.1 and 0.8 μmol/1, respectively and no correlation was found to the birth weight. Low serum zinc content in pregnant women occurs as a normal feature and congenital malformation as a consequence of disturbed zinc metabolism is probably only to be seen in instances of extreme zinc deficiency in conjunction with malnutrition.
Clinical presentation and management of cervicovaginal fistula
Authors: Swarnalata Samal , Jyotsna Bajpai
Published: November 2007

Cervico‐Vaginal fistula involving the internal cervical os may lead to obstetric as well as gynecologic problems. This report documents cervicovaginal fistula causing repeated early pregnancy losses in 2 cases, Cu‐T IUCD failure in one and chronic leukorrhea misleading the diagnosis of cervical polyp in another.
The Negative Association between a History of Recurrent Herpes Labialis and Cervical Neoplasia
Authors: Burger Matthe P. M. , Wilterdink Jan B.
Published: November 2007

We considered the possibility that herpetic recurrences and herpes virus associated neoplasia are mutually exclusive disorders because they are expressions of different herpes virus‐host relationships. We assumed that the human body copes with oro‐facial and genital herpes infections in the same manner. In our retrospective study, the relative risk of a history of fever blisters for cervical neoplasia was estimated to be 0.49, with 0.34 and 0.69 as the limits of the 95% confidence interval. It is suggested that recurrent herpes labialis is presumably a determinant of an effective immune response in general.
Comparative Trial of the Effects on Glucose Tolerance and Lipoprotein Metabolism of two New Oral Contraceptives Containing Gestoden and Desogestrel
Authors: Petersen Kresten Rubeck , Skouby Sven Olaf , Dreisler Anne , Kuhl Claus , Svenstrup Birgit
Published: November 2007

The effects of two new low‐dose oral contraceptives (triphasic ethinyl estradiollgestoden and monophasic ethinyl estradiolldesogestrel) on glucose tolerance, plasma insulin response to glucose, fasting plasma cortisol, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (C), HDL‐C, LDL‐C, VLDL‐C and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBGI were investigated in two groups of healthy women (n = 10). Investigations were performed prior to hormone ingestion and after treatment for 2 and 6 months. In both groups, fasting plasma levels of glucose and insulin as well as the areas below the glucose concentration curves were unchanged during treatment, whereas the insulin response to oral glucose was equally increased (p >0.05). Intake of both compounds was followed by similar increases in the levels of HDL‐C (p>0.05) and in the HDL‐C/total‐C (p > 0.05). A transient decrease in the levels of LDL‐C was observed in both groups after two months. During intake of the gestoden‐containing compound increases in VLDL‐C and TG levels were registered after six months (p>0.05). Plasma levels of SHBG increased similarly in both groups (p>0.0l). The study indicates, that intake of both hormonal compounds is free from adverse effects on glucose tolerance and lipoprotein metabolism known to be of clinical significance. No differences in the metabolic effects were found between the two compounds.
Some Fetal and Pregnancy Parameters in Nepal
Authors: Ulstein Magnar , Rana Geetha , Yangzom Kundu , Gurung Reeta , Karki Arjun , Gurung Ganesh , Pradhan Uma
Published: November 2007

In Patan Hospital, Kathmandu, 4600 single live births were analysed concerning birth weight in relation to gestational age. At term, the median birth weight of females was 2900 g and of males 3010 g. Compared with Norwegian newborns, the birthweights of Nepali babies were lower for all corresponding gestational lengths. The differences increased with gestational age. Fundal height was lower in Nepali than in Norwegian pregnant women for all periods of pregnancy. An increase in the differences between Norwegian and Nepali women was also noted. Hematocrit values of Nepali women who did not take supplementary iron, correspond well to findings in Norwegian women without iron supplementation. Only a slight degree of hemoconcentration was noted towards term. For Norwegian women with iron supplementation the hematocrit values were much higher, with a tendency towards hemoconcentration near term. In Nepal the average woman probably has small iron stores, and without iron supplementation the hematocrit values will remain low throughout the pregnancy. The high altitude does not seem to cause hemoconcentration in pregnancy to a greater extent than at lower altitude. Hemoconcentration is therefore not a major causative factor of the lower birth weights.
Solitary Metastatic Endometrial Carcinoma of the Spleen
Authors: Jørgensen Lars Nannestad , Chrintz Henrik
Published: November 2007

Carcinomatous metastatic involvement of the spleen usually indicates widespread malignant disease Solitary metastatic lesions in this organ are exceedingly rare and the literature reveals fewer than 15 cases We have observed a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the body of the uterus (adenoacanthoma) with an unusual route of metastasis in a 59‐year‐old patient Only one case with the same pattern of spread from an endometrial Carcinoma has been reported earlier
Fallopian Tube Papilloma in a Patient with Primary Sterility
Authors: Kaspersen Pia , Buhl Line , Møller Birger R.
Published: November 2007

Tumors of the fallopian tube are extremely rare. A case of a papilloma occluding the right fallopian tube of a woman with primary sterility is reported.
Clinical Characteristics Of Papillomavirus‐Vulvovaginitis: A New Entity With Oncogenic Potential
Authors: Bodén Elisabeth , Eriksson Anders , Rylander Eva , Schoultz Bo
Published: November 2007

Abstract. The purpose of this paper is to describe the clinical characteristics of HPV‐vulvo‐vaginitis. Clinical symptoms were recorded in 74 women with the diagnosis of papilloma‐virus vulvovaginitis. The diagnosis was established by colposcopic examination, immunological detection of viral structural antigen, and selected biopsies. Patient data were obtained from medical records and by interviews. Discharge, itching, burning, fissures and dyspareunia were typical symptoms. Discharge was more frequent in women with vaginal localization of the HPV infection, whereas itching and burning were the predominant complaint when the HPV lesions were present on the vulva. However, 14 women were asymptomatic. Thirty‐nine women had atypical Pap smears. In half of these women, there was no evidence of intra‐epithelial neoplasia. In 15 women with atypical Pap smears there was no clinical affection of the cervix uteri. But manifestations of wart virus infection in the vagina and/or vulva. Papillomavirus vulvovaginitis may be a subclinical infection, but many women suffer from distinct symptoms related to the location of the specific lesions. This infection of the vulva and vagina may be the sole cause of atypical Pap smears. The clinical recognition of this condition is a necessary prerequisite for a rational therapeutic approach.
Multicenter Trial of a Monophasic Oral Contraceptive Containing Ethinyl Estradiol and Desogestrel
Authors: Rekers Hans
Published: November 2007

Abstract. A clinical trial was conducted at 47 centers in 11 countries to assess the efficacy and acceptability of a monophasic oral contraceptive containing 30 g ethinyl estradiol and 150 g desogestrel. 1,613 women took part for a total of 23,258 cycles. One pregnancy occurred in a cycle where two consecutive tablets had been forgotten. Cycle control was excellent, with reported decreases in the duration and amount of withdrawal bleeding during consecutive treatment cycles and a low incidence of irregular bleeding. Blood pressure was not affected during 2 years of use. The incidence of minor side effects was already low in the first treatment cycle and decreased further in the subsequent cycles. The combination (Marvelon) was shown to be a very reliable and acceptable oral contraceptive.
EPIDURAL ANALGESIA VS. GENERAL ANESTHESIA FOR CESAREAN SECTION
Authors: Juul J. , Lie B. , Nielsen S. Friberg
Published: November 2007

Abstract. A prospective study based upon interviews included 92 women who had undergone cesarean section, 38% with epidural analgesia and 62% under general anesthesia. The two groups were compared with respect to anesthesiological complications, postoperative morbidity and birth experience. The puerperal period was less complicated after epidural analgesia than after general anesthesia. There was a quicker re‐establishment of the gastrointestinal function after epidural analgesia and the patients were more quickly mobilized and less tired. The overall morbidity after cesarean section, 16%, was lower than in other studies. Nearly half of the patients in the epidural experienced slight per‐operative pain. In the case of repeated cesarean section, 86% of women who had epidural analgesia wanted the same anesthesia again. On the basis of this study, epidural analgesia is recommended for cesarean section.
IMPROVED EARLY ALIMENTATION AFTER RADICAL HYSTERECTOMIES WITHOUT THE TRADITIONAL USE OF STOMACH TUBE
Authors: Hessov Ib , Larsen Kirsten Rylev , Søndergaard Karen
Published: November 2007

Abstract. Energy and protein intake was studied for 12 days after radical hysterectomy in 16 patients, half of whom followed a traditional postoperative regimen (il including a stomach tube until air‐passage had taken place after which liquid food, protective food and full diet was gradually introduced. In the new regimen (ii) the stomach tube was not used, liquid alimentation was given from the first postoperative day and full diet as soon as the patient desired it. This early start of oral alimentation was well tolerated, without side effects. Compared with the conventional regimen, it resulted both in a higher average protein intake (i: 31 g proteinlday, ii: 46 g proteinlday, p>0.02) and in a higher energy intake (i: 3624 kJ/day, ii: 4956 kJ/day, p>0.01).
TRAUMATIC INJURY IN LARGE‐FOR‐DATE INFANTS
Authors: Wikström Ingrid , Axelsson Ove , Bergström Reinhold , Meirik Olav
Published: November 2007

Abstract. The risk of traumatic injury and low Apgar score was studied in 473 infants with a birth weight of 4500 g or more at term (LFD) and 473 infants with normal weight (NFD, birth weight ± 1 SD of mean for the respective gestational age). The LFD group comprised 3.2% of all infants delivered during a 5‐year period. Traumatic injuries were observed in 8.0% of the LFD versus 0.6% of the N FD group. The injuries in the LFD group were 28 fractured clavicles, four fractured humerus and 12 brachial plexus injuries. Six of the LFD infants had multiple injuries. The injuries in the NFD group were three fractured clavicles. All infants with traumatic injuries were delivered vaginally. Contributory obstetrical factors for traumatic injury were forceps, post‐term pregnancy and vacuum extraction. High birth weight was correlated to a low Apgar score at one minute, as also was post‐term pregnancy.
Causes and Outcome of Infertility in Previously Unexamined Couples
Authors: Rantala Maija‐Liisa
Published: November 2007

The etiology of infertility was evaluated in 98 previously unexamined couples at Helsinki University Central Hospital. Female endocrine disturbances (33%) and male causes (26%) were the most common factors of infertility. Two or more causes were found in 28 couples (29%). Both female and male factors were involved in 8% of cases. Eighteen of 98 women became pregnant during the infertility evaluation before any treatment was given. At four years the cumulative pregnancy rates were 65% for all couples and 60% and 51% for couples with single‐factor and multifactorial infertility, respectively. The mean age was significantly higher (p < 0.05) among those who failed to conceive than among those who conceived. Ovulatory disturbances and multiple causes are common factors in reproductive failure, but even in the presence of multi‐factorial infertility the primary referrals have good chances of achieving pregnancy.
On the Rate of Tubal Pregnancy Contralateral to the Corpus Luteum
Authors: Insunza Alvaro , De Pablo Francisco , Croxatto D. Héctor , Letelier Luz Marla , Morante Monica , Croxatto Horacio B.
Published: November 2007

Ectopic implantation of the embryo in the tube opposite to the ovary containing the corpus luteum constitutes evidence of peritoneal or uterine transmigration of the egg. The frequency of this phenomenon was reinvestigated utilizing histopathologic confirmation of the side of the corpus luteum. A tubal pregnancy contralateral to the ovulating ovary was found in 28% of 67 cases, indicating that either the oocyte, the zygote or the embryo had entered the tube in which implantation took place from a medial site such as the peritoneal or the uterine cavity rather than directly from the ovulating ovary. Assuming that once in the medial site there is equal chance of entering either tube, it follows that in 56% of tubal pregnancies the egg has entered the tube from a midline location. Attempts to recover the oocyte from the tubes in normal women were successful in fewer than 5% of cases contralateral to the corpus luteum. It is concluded that tubal pregnancy is associated with a significant increase in the occurrence of transmigration of the egg.
Computer Assessment of the Intrapartum Cardiotocogram
Authors: Nielsen P. V. , Stigsby B. , Nickelsen C. , Nim J.
Published: November 2007

The chief aim of our work has been to create a computer Cardiotocographic Assessment System (CAS) and thus eliminate the intra‐ and inter‐observer variability of the visual assessment of the cardiotocogram (CTG), and to improve the assessment of the CTGs to the standard of the most experienced obstetricians. The purpose of this paper is to present the accuracy of the prediction of fetal outcome obtained by the CAS and to compare it with 4 experienced obstetricians’ accuracy. Fifty CTGs from the last 30 min. of labor were assessed as normal or pathological by the computer and by the obstetricians. The condition of the newborn was evaluated from the one‐minute Apgar score, the umbilical artery pH and standard base excess, and the need for resuscitation.

The accuracy of the CAS was significantly better than the accuracy of the obstetrician obtaining the best result. We conclude that the development of a computer‐aided cardiotocographic assessment system is worthwhile.
Transvaginal Sperm Intra‐Fallopian Transfer (SIFT)
Authors: Holst Nicolai , Forsdahl Finn
Published: November 2007

We describe a technique for the blind catheterisation of the fallopian tubes from the vagina using a specially designed device. This procedure was applied to the treatment of ten women with unexplained infertility by transvaginal sperm intra‐fallopian transfer, and has resulted in four normal ongoing singleton pregnancies.
The Development of an Efficient Ambulatory In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) and Embryo TrAnsfer (ET) Program Using Ultrasonically Guided Oocyte Retrieval
Authors: Barak Yona , Lessing Joseph B. , Amit Ami , Kogosowski Abraham , Yovel Israel , David Menachem P. , Peyser M. Reuben
Published: November 2007

Until recently most of the current in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF‐ET) programs used laparoscopy for oocyte retrieval and included hospitalization in the treatment. The establishment of a successful ambulatory IVF program that uses ultrasonically guided oocyte aspiration, is described. Between August 1985 and February 1987, 384 percutaneous transvesical ultrasonically and transvaginally guided follicle aspirations were performed on 414 patients, following ovarian stimulation with hMG and hCG. Ninety two clinical pregnancies were confirmed by ultrasound. The clinical pregnancy rate was 26.8% when based on the number of embryo transfers. There were 16 multiple pregnancies (17.4%), 18 miscarriages (19.5%), and two tubal pregnancies (2.1%). The most important factors contributing toward the success of this program were rigid adherence to clinical and laboratory protocols, and the maintenance of a strict quality control. The ambulatory management was very well accepted by the patients, who during the entire period of ovarian stimulation had minimal disruption of their routine activities.
Breech Position, Delivery Route and Congenital Hip Dislocation
Authors: Clausen Ingo , Nielsen Knud Thygesen
Published: November 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the mode of delivery for fetuses in breech presentation in any way influenced the frequency of congenital hip dislocation. In 13,559 singleton births 583 fetuses were in breech position, and the cesarean section rate was 39.1%. Eighty‐three infants were born with congenital hip dislocation, 11 of whom had been in breech position. Of these 11, cesarean section was required in 5 cases. There was no difference in frequency of congenital hip dislocation between fetuses in breech presentation delivered by cesarean section vs. by the vaginal route. The frequency of breech presentation in congenital hip dislocation was 13.3%. Including 7 external versions, the rate was 21.7%. Female to male ratio was 41. The frequency of congenital hip dislocations in infants born in vertex presentation was 5.5 per mille and for infants born i breech presentation it was 18.9 per mille.
Plasma Zinc Concentration and Thyroid Function in Hyperemetic Pregnancies
Authors: Lao T. T. , Chin R. K. H. , Mak Y. T. , Panesar N. S.
Published: November 2007

Low zinc concentrations in plasma have been reported in pregnancy complications such as pre‐eclampsia and intra‐uterine growth retardation, as well as in non‐pregnant individuals with gastrointestinal and eating disorders. The present study looked at the plasma zinc concentration in hyperemetic and normal pregnant women at the same stage of gestation, as well as total thyroxin concentration in these two groups, since abnormal thyroid function is a common phenomenon in hyperemetic women. No difference in plasma zinc concentration was found between normal and hyperemetic women, which suggests that hyperemesis gravidarum is not associated with a low plasma zinc concentration. Hyperemetic women did have, however, significantly higher total thyroxin concentrations, and on further examination, a significant correlation was found between plasma zinc concentration and total and free thyroxin, free tri‐iodothyronin, and human chorionic gonadotropin. The significance of our findings is discussed.
Recto‐Vaginal Colonization and Urinary Tract Infection by Group B Streptococcus in the Pregnant Diabetic Patient
Authors: Matorras R. , García‐Perea A. , Usandizaga J. A. , Omeñaca F.
Published: November 2007

The influence of maternal diabetes on Group B Streptococcus (GBS) colonization and GBS urinary infection was investigated. The population under study comprised 1,050 pregnant women (70 of them diabetics, the remaining 980 non‐diabetics). A higher prevalence of GBS colonization was found among diabetics (20% versus 10.9%) (p > 0.05). The rate of colonization was not correlated to the severity of the diabetes condition. Urinary infection was diagnosed on 8.6% of diabetic patients, versus 7.1 % of non‐diabetics (p > 0.05). Urinary infection by GBS occurred with similar frequency in both groups (0% in diabetics and 1% in non‐diabetics). The possible etiological implications are commented on, and vaginal and rectal cultures are recommended for GBS screening in the pregnant diabetic patient.
The Unborn and Newborn Child. II: Risk Factors Predicting Perinatal Morbidity and Mortality in 4,138 Infants
Authors: Holst Kirsten , Henningsen Inge , Hilden Jørgen
Published: November 2007

In this study, antenatal risk factors (RF) predicting perinatal morbidity and mortality (PMMI were identified among 56 RFs defined by the Danish National Board of Health. The association with parity, age, social class, civil status, complicated delivery was also analysed. The RFs predicting complicated delivery have been described in Part I (1). All events, both prenatal and during the perinatal period, in 4,138 infants borne by 4,102 women in an entire Danish district were analysed. The frequency of perinatal mortality was 0.8% and of perinatal morbidity, 12.7%. The original 56 RFs affected 56% of the population. Fourteen ‘new’ RFs among the original 56 RFs predicted PMM and affected 27% of the population. The prepregnancy RFs affected 4.5% of all women with singleton pregnancies and their infants had a PMM rate of 21%; the pregnancy RFs affected 18.1%, the PMM rate being 25%; 3.4% had both prepregnancy and pregnancy RFs, their PMM rate was 41%. Twin pregnancies occurred in 0.996, with a PMM rate of 47%. Apart from these groups, the PMM rate was only 8%. Parity, social class and civil status were of no significance for PMM. Some delivery complications, termed labor RFs, raised the odds of PMM by a factor of 1.92.
The Characteristics of 100 Women Presenting to a Gynecological Clinic with Premenstrual Complaints
Authors: West Christine P.
Published: November 2007

100 women consecutively referred to a gynaecological clinic with premenstrual problems were prospectively assessed by daily completion of a set of visual analogue scales WAS). The relationship of their symptoms to menstrual cycle phase was quantified by calculating the percentage change in symptom intensity between the premenstrual week and the postmenstrual week and also during menstruation itself. The results indicated that the physical symptoms of breast discomfort and swelling were more closely related to menstrual cycle phase than were the psychological symptoms of tension, irritability or lethargy and depression. Only 32 of the women showed reduction of the premenstrual psychological symptoms by 75% or more during the postmenstrual week, while the corresponding degree of physical symptom relief was recorded by 62 women. For almost half the women, adverse mental symptoms reached their peak after the onset of menstrual bleeding. Significantly fewer of the women with almost total (75% or more) relief of their psychological symptoms postmenstrually had a history of psychiatric treatment, marital breakdown, or more than three children, compared with those whose symptoms were less completely relieved. The results suggest that a large proportion of women who experience premenstrual symptoms suffer a premenstrual and/or menstrual exacerbation of problems which are present throughout the cycle and are therefore unlikely to respond to hormonal manipulation.
International Collaborative Effort (ICE) On Birth Weight, Plurality, Perinatal, And Infant Mortality
Authors: Cole Susan , Hartford Robert B. , Bergsjø Per , McCarthy Brian
Published: November 2007

Underlying causes of infant death, as coded in the ninth revision of the International Classification of Diseases, have been grouped into a system of seven functional categories plus one additional group of “other and unclassifiable” diagnoses. The groups comprise congenital anomalies, asphyxia related conditions, immaturity related conditions, infections, sudden death, deaths due to external causes, and other specific conditions. The groups were constructed by using a frequency distribution of underlying cause of death in 200 000 infant deaths in 1980–84 in the USA. When analysed according to age at death and according to birth weight, the distribution of the functional groups had patterns which corresponded to what might be expected clinically. Each functional group has common features which require intervention at a specific time for prevention and treatment. We propose that it is used as a tool in epide‐miological surveillance and to guide health authorities in priorities for disease control. International comparisons of time trends will be undertaken.
Transvaginal Color Doppler For The Assessment Of Pelvic Circulation
Authors: Kurjak Asim , Žalud Ivica , Jurković Davor , Alfirević Žarko , Miljan Mladen
Published: November 2007

Transvaginal color Doppler was used to analyse a group of 56 patients including 41 with proven pelvic masses and 15 infertility patients with normal pelvic anatomy. All patients were examined by ultrasound before laparoscopy or/and laparo‐tomy. The ultrasonographer had not been informed of other clinical findings and indications for operative treatment. Comparison of blood flow characteristics within uterine fibromas and ovarian malignancies revealed less impedance and higher blood velocity in cases of malignancy. When predicting the malignant nature of pelvic tumors, no false‐negative results were encounted, and only one false positive diagnosis of malignancy.
Addison'S Disease And Pregnancy
Authors: Albert Eva , Dalaker Knut , Jorde Rolf , Berge Lillian Nordbø
Published: November 2007

Five case reports are presented illustrating that pregnancy and Addison's disease are not incompatible, provided adequate substitution therapy is given.
Doppler Velocimetry Measured in Retrochorionic Space and Uterine Arteries During Early Human Pregnancy
Authors: Mercé L.T. , Barco M. J. , De la Fuente F.
Published: November 2007

The natural course of uterochorionic vascular resistance during the first trimester of pregnancy is described. We performed a weekly study using a pulsed Doppler in 25 normal pregnancies, with a total of 191 examinations made. The flow velocity waveform was studied simultaneously in the retrochorionic area as well as in the uterine arteries. Different velocimetry indices were analysed, which demonstrated the feasibility of the (D/S) × 100 index for study of the retrochorionic vessels and of the Pourcelot index (S‐D/S) for the uterine arteries. A gradual weekly decrease in flow resistance was found, with significant differences before [D/S]× 100 = 52,01±8,33; S‐D/S=0,83±0.09] vs after the 9th week [(D/S) × 100=58,9±8,78; S‐D/S=0,72±0,10]. Further evaluation of its predictive and diagnostic value in gestational pathology is necessary.
Cryotherapy and Co2‐Laser Vaporization in the Treatment of Cervical and Vaginal Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infections
Authors: Yliskoski Merja , Saarikoski Seppo , Syrjänen Kari , Syrjänen Stina , Castrén Olli
Published: November 2007

A series of 119 women with Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections of the uterine cervix and/or vagina were included in the present study, where the efficacy of cryotherapy and CO2‐laser vaporization was assessed after a mean follow‐up of 14 months (SD 6 months) after treatment, as related to the natural history of the disease. Routine Papanicolaou (PAP) smears with HPV‐induced changes were the basis for patient recruitment. Patients with cervical HPV lesions (HPV‐NCIN, HPV‐CIN l or II) were randomly allocated into laser (55 women) and cryotherapy (42 women) groups. Women with combined lesions (HPV‐CIN & HPV‐VAIN) were treated by laser (22 patients). The cure rate after laser vaporization was practically identical to that of cryotherapy, 64% and 54%, respectively (difference not statistically significant). The success rate was significantly lower (40%) for the combined lesions (HPV‐CIN & HPV‐VAIN)(p<0.05). The residual disease encountered in patients after the first treatment with cryotherapy and laser was classified as HPV‐NCIN in 78.9% and 37.0%, respectively. The number of patients is still too small to draw reliable conclusions on the effects of these therapy modes, as related to HPV type of lesion (HPV 6, 11, 16, 18, 31 and 33). The cure rates for both cryotherapy and laser in our treatment groups were significantly higher than the spontaneous regression rate (p < 0.001), suggesting that treatment by either cryotherapy or CO2,‐laser vaporization significantly changes the natural history of genital HPV infections. More patients and longer follow‐up are still needed, however, to fully establish the efficacy of the current treatment modalities in gynecological HPV infections.
Lipid Metabolism During Treatment of Endometriosis with the Progestin Dienogest
Authors: Köhler Günter , Göretzlehner Gunther , Brachmann Karl
Published: November 2007

The effects of a new progestational compound, dienogest (17α‐cyano‐methyl‐17β‐hydroxy‐estra‐4,9‐dien‐3‐one) on lipid metabolism have been studied in 84 otherwise healthy women with laparoscopically proven endometriosis. The women, aged 17 to 45, years were treated with 2 mg dienogest in tablet form daily for 24 weeks. The progestin was highly effective on endometriotic lesions and symptoms, showing an objective endoscopic and a subjective symptomatic improvement in 80% and 83% respectively. Triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL‐cholesterol, LDL‐cholesterol and the LDL‐cholesterol/HDL‐cholesterol ratio were determined before and after 1, 3 and 6 months use of the progestin. There was a maximum decrease of —5.8% in HDL‐cholesterol and of —6.5% in triglycerides after 6 months of therapy vis‐à‐vis the pretreatment values. The maximum increase in LDL‐cholesterol of +5.0% was recorded by the end of the first month of dienogest ingestion. The LDL‐cholesterol/HDL‐cholesterol ratio rose from 1.6 to 1.8 during the course of therapy. There were no significant changes. The data suggest that 2 mg dienogest has little influence on lipid metabolism and provides also in this respect a suitable approach to the hormonal therapy of endometriosis.
Spontaneous Rupture of an Ovarian‐Artery Aneurysm in the Third Trimester of Pregnancy
Authors: Høgdall C. K. , Pedersen S. J. , øvlisen B. Ø. , Helgestrand U. J. V.
Published: November 2007

The first report of a ruptured ovarian artery aneurism in the third trimester of pregnancy is presented. A 31‐year‐old woman, para 3, was admitted at 39 weeks of gestation with an acute onset of severe abdominal pain and signs of circulatory collapse. At the operation a 3×4 cm ruptured aneurysm of the right ovarian artery was found. The mother survived, with no sequelae. Intensive resuscitation of the infant was carried out in vain. Etiology, symptoms and differential diagnosis are discussed.