bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Problemi metodologici nello studio del processo psicoterapico e nella valutazione dell'attaccamento e del rischio psicopatologico in adolescenza
Authors: Williams Riccardo , Belluardo Davide , Fantini Fiorella , Postorino Valentina , Ortu Francesca
Published: December 2015

Il gruppo di ricerca che attualmente opera presso il Dipartimento diÂ Psicologia Dinamica e Clinica, ha orientato il proprio lavoro fondamentalmente attorno a due tematiche: lo studio multidimensionale del processo terapeutico (in una prospettiva tanto empirica quanto di ricerca concettuale); la rilevanza della teoria dellâ€™attaccamento e dei sistemi motivazionali per la comprensione dello sviluppo della patologia di personalitÃ  e delle sue manifestazioni nel contesto clinico, con particolare riferimento all'adolescenza.
La formazione in psicoterapia: Un dipinto in chiaroscuro
Authors: Bani Marco , Strepparava Maria Grazia , Rezzonico Giorgio
Published: December 2015

La formazione in psicoterapia rappresenta oggi per molti psicologi clinici una tappa importante e quasi obbligata per completare la propria professionalità; a fronte di questa richiesta crescente sono nate numerose scuole di formazione private, riconosciute dal Ministero dell'Università, che si affiancano alle tradizionali scuole pubbliche. Per orientarsi in un panorama così complesso, uno strumento di accesso alle informazioni delle scuole dei diversi orientamenti dato dai siti web di ciascuna di esse, cui si affiancano richieste telefoniche, e-mail e il colloquio di ammissione fatto dalla scuola. La domanda che guida il presente lavoro se gli studenti-futuri utenti abbiano gli strumenti adeguati per fare una scelta consapevole, anche in ragione del grosso impegno di tempo e denaro che questa richiede. Il lavoro ha analizzato i siti web di 201 sedi principali delle scuole di specializzazione riconosciute dal MIUR, valutando la presenza di alcuni dati relativi alle caratteristiche della scuola. I siti risultano sufficientemente aggiornati; tuttavia, alcune informazioni critiche (costi, analisi personale, supervisione) sono poco chiare, rendendo spesso problematica la scelta da parte degli studenti.
Alliance in Common Factor Land: A view through the research lens
Authors: Horvath Adam O.
Published: December 2015

The alliance has evolved into one of the most researched psychotherapy process variables. In this paper it is argued that migration of the concept of the alliance from its psychodynamic roots onto "Common Factor Land" has brought not only great benefits but substantial challenges as well. Currently the alliance has no consensual definition, nor has its relation to other relationship constructs been clearly charted. As a consequence, alliance assessment tools have been substituted for a concept definition and taken over the grounds that theorizing about a construct would normally occupy. The historical background of the events that lead to the current state are reviewed and some consequences of positioning the alliance on the conceptual space where Common Factors "live" are examined. Some possible avenues of moving the alliance project forward and re-connecting the empirical research to clinical practice are explored.
Supportive psychotherapy and defense mechanisms: A Comment on the case of Matilde
Authors: Petraglia Jonathan
Published: December 2015

The â€œCase of Matildeâ€ provides us with an important example of how the in-depth study of a single psychotherapy case can shed light on concepts that lie at the very heart of the psychotherapy debate. The therapeutic relationship, patient defense mechanisms, and therapeutic technique are foundational elements of psychodynamic psychotherapy, understanding their interaction will help guide research and practice.
The Topics of Psychotherapy Research: An Analysis Based on Keywords
Authors: Gennaro Alessandro , Venuleo Claudia , Auletta Andrea F. , Salvatore Sergio
Published: December 2015

A content analysis of the representative Journals in the field of psychothera-py research has been performed. The analysis focused on the articlesâ€™ keywords. We ana-lyzed 7,086 works published in 17 Journals, in the period 2005-2011, using a two-step multidimensional procedure. Firstly, a cluster analysis led to the extrapolation of 4 groups of keywords, each of them interpreted as the marker of a topic active within the literature. Secondly, a factorial analysis was carried out in order to picture the thematic orientation of the most representative Journals, namely the main topics they focus on and how they differ from each other in this respect.
A Final Commentary: Change and Therapeutic Factors in the Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy with Mr. C
Authors: De Coro Alessandra
Published: December 2015

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Introduction to the Special Issue: An Analysis of a Short Term Dynamic Psychotherapy
Authors: Rocco Diego , De Bei Francesco , Mariani Rachele
Published: December 2015

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Working Memory abilities, attachment relationships and learning process in children of primary school age: an empirical research
Authors: Del Villano Nadia , Cecere Claudia , Sapuppo Walter , Sannino Alessia , Perrella Raffaella , Bisogno Sara , Caviglia Giorgio
Published: December 2015

Several studies underline a definite link between â€œworking memoryâ€ (WM) and the learning process (deficit and learning disorder in children). WM abi-lities mainly affect written language learning and arithmetic learning. According to studies related to the Attachment Theory, it is possible to rationalize that child with a secure attachment to the caregiver and/or to the teacher have higher skills in school adaptability. In this studyâ€”based on previous pilot study (Del Villano, Ce-cere, Sapuppo, & Caviglia., 2011)â€”the relationship between: cognitive test (WM measurement test), learning test and the studentâ€™s attachment style (both with his caregivers and his teacher) have been empirically evaluated. This pilot study was performed in several of the primary schools in Campania Italy between 2009 and 2011. The selected sample was composed of 80 children 6-7 years old (38 Female and 42 Male) who, after parental and school consent, were tested by the tools de-scribed in the main body of this research paper. The pilot study shows an absence of linguistic deficit, and a relationship between cognitive abilities and the learning le-vel achieved in reading and mathematical calculation, furthermore it has shown a modulation effect of the attachment on the relationship between the WM ability and MT calculation and reading tests. This modulation effect is more evident if we consider the unsecure or disorganized attachment, especially if we consider the data accumulated with reference to the attachment to the teacher. Our research was conducted with the sole intention to widen the sample and make the outcomes more valid and reliable. The recruited sample was composed of 130 children age 6-7 who, after parenentalt and school consent, were tested with the TVL -Linguistic As-sessment Test , the short version of AWMA (Automated Working Memory As-sessment), the SAT-Separation Anxiety Test, both family and school versions, and the Reading Trials MT -AC-MT 6-11- Calculation Ability Assessment Test. The re-sults underline the absence of deficit or malfunctions in the subjectsâ€™ linguistic de-velopment, a significant connection between the learning performances and the verbal and visual-spatial trials assessed with the AWMA, and a moderating effect of the attachment style upon the connection itself.
Between Myth and Cure: Group Experience in Narrative Medicine with Neurological Patients
Authors: Ghedin Simona , Caccamo Floriana , Vannini Francesca , Stabile Maria Rosaria , Caldironi Luca , Meneghello Francesca , Marogna Cristina
Published: December 2015

This research considers the observation of certain parameters within groups formed by patients affected by multiple sclerosis. A music/art therapist and a psychologist/psychotherapist at a neuro-rehabilitation structure in Venice led the groups. Our goal is to assess how the perception of the history of disease can change in patients by using myth and expressive-narrative workshops as a means of trans-formation. The following instruments were administered at the beginning, during, and at the end of the treatment: SCL–90–R, TAS–20, FAT.A.S.–G, and CGQ. Re-sults show a change in patients? perceptions of themselves, both with respect to their disease and to other people. Therefore, myths and their narration appear to be a possible resource that can promote mental transformation processes in an institu-tional neuro-rehabilitative context.
Exploring the meaning of caring amongst student midwives, professional midwives and educators in Tshwane, South Africa
Authors: Masala-Chokwe Mmajapi E.T. , Ramukumba Tendani S.
Published: December 2015

Background: In spite of caring being the core of midwifery and nursing, there is a constant public outcry about uncaring behaviours of midwives towards clients. Local media reports and recent discussion in the health system have highlighted the concerns regarding caring behaviours of midwives. Thus, there is a need to compare the meaning of caring from the perspectives of student midwives, midwives and educators.Aims: The aim of this article was to determine the meaning of caring from the perspectives of the undergraduate student midwives, the professional midwives, and the educators teaching midwifery in Tshwane.Setting: The study was conducted at healthcare institutions which the undergraduate studentmidwives attended for work integrated learning and at nursing education institutions inTshwane, South Africa.Methods: The strategy was qualitative and exploratory in nature. The population comprised student midwives, professional midwives and educators. Purposive sampling was done. Focus group discussions were held with student midwives and professional midwives, whilst the naïve sketch form was used as data-collection instrument for educators. Content data analysis was done. The total sample realised was 38.Results: The findings revealed that ‘caring’ was taken to mean being well conversant, up to-date and proficient in the field of work as well as considerate and respectful to others. The professional midwives indicated that they have seen colleagues demonstrate uncaring behaviour whilst educators emphasised respect as caring.Conclusion: The student midwives, professional midwives and educators described caring as being a competent nurse with compassion and respect for others.
Effects of monocular deprivation on the thickness of neural retina
Authors: Mwachaka P. , Saidi H. , Odula P. , Mandela P.
Published: December 2015

Background: Monocular visual deprivation as a result of cataracts occurring in children who previously had normal vision may result in permanent visual deficits. However, if correction is done before the age of ten years, vision is usually restored to normal levels in the affected eye. This has been attributed to plastic changes that occur in the visual cortex, with no mention of the contribution of the retina to this plasticity. Objective: To describe the effect of monocular deprivation on the thickness of neural retina. Study design: Quasi-experimental study using a rabbit model. Materials and methods: 30 rabbits (18 experimental, 12 controls) were examined. Monocular deprivation was achieved through unilateral lid suture in the experimental animals. The rabbits were observed for three weeks. Each week, 6 experimental and 3 control animals were euthanized, their retina harvested and processed for light microscopy. In experimental animals, retina of both deprived (closed) and non-deprived (open) eyes were studied. Haematoxylin & Eosin stain was used to demonstrate the layers of the retina. Photomicrographs of the retina were taken using a digital camera then entered into FIJI software for analysis. Results: In the deprived eyes, the neural retina thickness reduced by 40.5% from the baseline (p = 0.001). Compared to controls, statistically significant reduction in thickness was noted in the ganglion (p < 0.001), inner nuclear (p < 0.001), rod and cones (p = 0.001), outer plexiform (p = 0.008), nerve fiber (p = 0.010), and inner plexiform (p = 0.024) layers. Among the non-deprived eyes, the neural retina thickness increased by 9.8% from baseline (p = 0.075). Compared to controls, statistically significant increase in thickness was seen in the inner plexiform (p < 0.001), inner nuclear (p = 0.002), and rods and cones (p = 0.007) layers. Conclusion: Monocular deprivation results in atrophy of the retina in the deprived eye. Thus, pre-retinal causes of blindness such as cataracts affects the retina and should be corrected early so as to minimize damage to the retina of the deprived eye.
Organizational aspects of ICT applications in cultural heritage “Virtual Museum” context: the permanent challenge of reconciliation of diverging scientific, technical, operational and financial objectives.
Authors: Giannoulis-Giannoulopoulos Georgios
Published: December 2015

The applications of ICT in the cultural heritage field are including a new expanding category of applications, having a “creative” character, and a multidisciplinary approach. Motivations and priorities of involved players (individuals and organizational players), are presented, through various FHW paradigm projects, in order to explore the possible impact of this kind of projects in science and cultural heritage concept, as well as to explore their hidden added value, that makes them capable to attract resources.
Evolución de las tecnologías utilizadas en el desarrollo de Museos Virtuales
Authors: Robles Ortega Mª Dolores , Feito Higueruela Francisco R. , Jiménez Delgado Juan J. , Segura Sánchez Rafael J.
Published: December 2015

Thanks to the development of the new technologies, virtual museums have incorporated new contents that make the transmission of the knowledge easier. These new elements should be included considering not only technical features but also usability and simplicity requirements for end users. In this paper, we describe the evolution of the main technologies utilized in the creation of virtual Museums, specifically those which generate 3D content. We also describe how to include these new contents in order to obtain a successful result. Finally, we compare virtual Museums with another traditional ways of transmitting knowledge such as, real museums, books, and magazines.
On the Efficiency of Labor Market Reforms: How to Solve the Spanish Puzzle?
Authors: Sacht Stephen
Published: December 2015

In this paper the author sheds light on the relationship between labor market policy, entrepreneurship and youth unemployment prior to and in the aftermath of the global financial crisis in Spain. He discusses the situation, where labor market and macroeconomic policies were largely inefficient in reducing high levels of (youth) unemployment after 2007. He rises the question why an increase in (youth) unemployment had been observed although the labor market becomes more flexible due to the associated structural reforms in 2010 and 2012. He calls this the Spanish Puzzle. The main reason for this observation can be found in the phenomena of downward nominal rigidity, the existence of a liquidity trap and pessimistic private expectations regarding future economic developments. Given the recovery of the Spanish economy in 2015, this development is grounded on (besides the increase in private consumption and a trade surplus) several policy interventions in order to strengthen entrepreneurial activity in 2013. The corresponding boost in private investment expenditure can be identified as the sustainable main driver for job creation in the long run.
Thermodynamic derivation of the activation energy for ice nucleation
Authors: Barahona D.
Published: December 2015

Abstract. Cirrus clouds play a key role in the radiative and hydrological balance of the upper troposphere. Their correct representation in atmospheric models requires an understanding of the microscopic processes leading to ice nucleation. A key parameter in the theoretical description of ice nucleation is the activation energy, which controls the flux of water molecules from the bulk of the liquid to the solid during the early stages of ice formation. In most studies it is estimated by direct association with the bulk properties of water, typically viscosity and self-diffusivity. As the environment in the ice–liquid interface may differ from that of the bulk, this approach may introduce bias in calculated nucleation rates. In this work a theoretical model is proposed to describe the transfer of water molecules across the ice–liquid interface. Within this framework the activation energy naturally emerges from the combination of the energy required to break hydrogen bonds in the liquid, i.e., the bulk diffusion process, and the work dissipated from the molecular rearrangement of water molecules within the ice–liquid interface. The new expression is introduced into a generalized form of classical nucleation theory. Even though no nucleation rate measurements are used to fit any of the parameters of the theory the predicted nucleation rate is in good agreement with experimental results, even at temperature as low as 190 K, where it tends to be underestimated by most models. It is shown that the activation energy has a strong dependency on temperature and a weak dependency on water activity. Such dependencies are masked by thermodynamic effects at temperatures typical of homogeneous freezing of cloud droplets; however, they may affect the formation of ice in haze aerosol particles. The new model provides an independent estimation of the activation energy and the homogeneous ice nucleation rate, and it may help to improve the interpretation of experimental results and the development of parameterizations for cloud formation.
Organic and inorganic decomposition products from the thermal desorption of atmospheric particles
Authors: Williams B. J. , Zhang Y. , Zuo X. , Martinez R. E. , Walker M. J. , Kreisberg N. M. , Goldstein A. H. , Docherty K. S. , Jimenez J. L.
Published: December 2015

Abstract. Atmospheric aerosol composition is often analyzed using thermal desorption techniques to evaporate samples and deliver organic or inorganic molecules to various designs of detectors for identification and quantification. The organic aerosol (OA) fraction is composed of thousands of individual compounds, some with nitrogen- and sulfur-containing functionality, and often contains oligomeric material, much of which may be susceptible to decomposition upon heating. Here we analyze thermal decomposition products as measured by a thermal desorption aerosol gas chromatograph (TAG) capable of separating thermal decomposition products from thermally stable molecules. The TAG impacts particles onto a collection and thermal desorption (CTD) cell, and upon completion of sample collection, heats and transfers the sample in a helium flow up to 310 °C. Desorbed molecules are refocused at the head of a GC column that is held at 45 °C and any volatile decomposition products pass directly through the column and into an electron impact quadrupole mass spectrometer (MS). Analysis of the sample introduction (thermal decomposition) period reveals contributions of NO+ (m/z 30), NO2+ (m/z 46), SO+ (m/z 48), and SO2+ (m/z 64), derived from either inorganic or organic particle-phase nitrate and sulfate. CO2+ (m/z 44) makes up a major component of the decomposition signal, along with smaller contributions from other organic components that vary with the type of aerosol contributing to the signal (e.g., m/z 53, 82 observed here for isoprene-derived secondary OA). All of these ions are important for ambient aerosol analyzed with the aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS), suggesting similarity of the thermal desorption processes in both instruments. Ambient observations of these decomposition products compared to organic, nitrate, and sulfate mass concentrations measured by an AMS reveal good correlation, with improved correlations for OA when compared to the AMS oxygenated OA (OOA) component. TAG signal found in the traditional compound elution time period reveals higher correlations with AMS hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA) combined with the fraction of OOA that is less oxygenated. Potential to quantify nitrate and sulfate aerosol mass concentrations using the TAG system is explored through analysis of ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate standards. While chemical standards display a linear response in the TAG system, re-desorptions of the CTD cell following ambient sample analysis shows some signal carryover on sulfate and organics, and new desorption methods should be developed to improve throughput. Future standards should be composed of complex organic/inorganic mixtures, similar to what is found in the atmosphere, and perhaps will more accurately account for any aerosol mixture effects on compositional quantification.
Importance of three-dimensional grids and time-dependent factors for the applications of earthquake forecasting models to subduction environments
Authors: Chan C.-H.
Published: December 2015

Abstract. This study provides some new insights into earthquake forecasting models to the regions with subduction systems, including the depth-component for forecasting grids and time-dependent factors. To manifest the importance of depth-component, I incorporate three-dimensional grids into forecasting approaches and compare with those with two-dimensional cells. Through applications to the two subduction regions, Ryukyu and Kanto, the approaches with three-dimensional grids always obtain better forecasting ability. I thus confirm the importance of depth-dependency for forecasting, especially for the applications to a subduction environment or a region with non-vertical seismogenic structures. In addition, I discuss the role of time-dependent factors for forecasting models. I conclude that time-dependency becomes crucial only when significant seismicity rate change follows a large earthquake. The insights into the applications of forecasting models could provide key information regarding seismic and tsunami hazard assessments.
Shortcomings of the 2013 Amendments to Pennsylvania's Guaranteed Minimum Royalty Act and the Need to Better Protect Royalty Owners' Rights
Authors: Speary Wesley S
Published: December 2015

N/A
Becoming Charitable: Predicting and Encouraging Charitable Bequests in Wills
Authors: Knaplund Kristine S
Published: December 2015

N/A
Por qué en la red de redes se priorizan los contenidos banales, estereotipados y redundantes
Authors: Martín Serrano Manuel
Published: December 2015

El artículo aplica el análisis de sistemas al estudio de las actividades mediadoras que operan con los condicionantes estructurales de las redes virtuales de comunicación. Destaca la incorporación del conjunto de los usuarios a la realización de funciones comunicativas que antes estaban reservadas a los profesionales como una de las prestaciones que ha transformado la producción social de comunicación. Pero sostiene que la utilización colectiva de estas prestaciones tecnológicas no está cumpliendo las expectativas que generaron referidas al desarrollo de la creatividad y del pluralis-mo. El autor explica que la capacidad que tiene el sistema de redes virtuales de abrirse a la pobla-ción en su conjunto y de acumular ingentes cantidades de materiales se constituye en la práctica en un factor multiplicativo de la redundancia y de la estereotipia, criterios que rigen la selección de contenidos destinados a la comunicación pública desde que existe la comunicación de masas.
El cambio en los procesos de mediación sígnica. Una lectura peirceana de la evolución en las mediaciones
Authors: Aniceto Paulo Damián
Published: December 2015

En este ensayo, propongo un relevo crítico del estado de los debates sobre las funciones de norma-lización y transformación desplegadas en los procesos de mediación. El ámbito de tales debates, donde inscribo este mismo relevo, es el de la pragmática peirceana, que ha ofrecido, y ofrece, un escenario de divergencias en torno a un tema específico: la comunidad de pensamiento como normalización última del conocimiento generado en los sujetos. Estas páginas desarrollan una descripción de los posicionamientos en querella y proponen, finalmente, una comprensión alterna-tiva que entiendo superadora.
La observación de las representaciones mediáticas del medio ambiente en la prensa. El caso de "La Crónica de Baja California", México
Authors: Ortiz Marín Ángel Manuel
Published: December 2015

Observar las representaciones sociales expresadas en los medios de comunicación masiva, en particular en la prensa, ha sido una tarea del Observatorio Global Mediático de la Frontera Norte de la Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (Observa/Frontera) desde hace seis años; en esta ocasión un conjunto de observatorios de medios en México se abocó a la tarea de observar las representaciones mediáticas en torno al tema del medio ambiente y sus diferentes problemáticas en la prensa mexicana. Sustentado en la teoría de la Agenda Setting (McCombs y Shaw, 1972), Observa/Frontera realizó un análisis durante cuatro semanas de las notas periodísticas publicadas en el diario La Crónica de Baja California y los resultados obtenidos de las 34 notas registradas muestran que desafortunadamente los aspectos ambientales o de cambio climático son escasa-mente abordados y, cuando lo refieren, es por la ocurrencia de catástrofes ya sean naturales o provocadas por el hombre.
Discursos científicos sobre el dolor cronificado sin-causa-orgánica Incorporando una mirada de género para resignificar-repolitizar el dolor
Authors: Pujal Llombart Margot , Albertín Carbó Pilar , Mora Malo Enrico
Published: December 2015

El dolor cronifi cado sin-causa-orgánica (DC) conocido en terminología psicomédica como fibromialgia (FM) afecta cada vez más a una proporción considerable de mujeres diagnosticadas en sociedades capitalistas. El interés del siguiente artículo es profundizar en la construcción de este síntoma, su tratamiento y los efectos psicosociales tanto en el orden social, como en la vida de las personas que lo padecen utilizando los discursos que se vehiculizan en publicaciones de revistas españolas. El resultado ha sido la emergencia de tres posiciones discursivas hegemónicas: la posición “cientifi sta”, la posición “terapéutica de la conformidad” y la posición “económico-legalista”. Cada una de ellas tiene una especifi cidad característica, pero en su conjunto se potencian produciendo efectos como la ausencia de contexto social para explicar la enfermedad, la desconsideración de diferencias de género en el abordaje y tratamiento, la instrumentalización del dolor para legitimar sus prácticas y la sujección de las mujeres al paradigma psicobiomédico. Se propone una resignifi cación-repolitización del concepto de dolor.
Donations from Ill-Gotten Gain in Jewish Law and Ethics and in American Law
Authors: Dorff Elliot N. , Gary Marc
Published: December 2015

When a nonprofit organization realizes that a major donation came from illegally acquired funds, what, if anything, must it do with any buildings built with those funds? with the donor's name on the facility? with money left over? with any future donations from the donor? These questions are addressed from the point of view of Jewish law and ethics and then from the perspective of American law, with a final section comparing these two treatments of the issues to each other and to what Western theories of ethics would say about this situation.
Education for Sustainability: Vision and Action of Higher Education for Sustainable Consumption
Authors: Biltagy Marwa
Published: December 2015

This paper provides the context around why transformative learning and deeper engagement in sustainability issues is important. The way of learning is critical in promoting the skills and motivation needed for sustainability challenges. Sustainability education should be included much more than other knowledge acquisition i.e. integrating a transformative, participatory learning process that matches up behavior with knowledge. This paper focuses on how higher education institutions can promote sustainable consumption. Higher education has an important role to play concerning education for sustainable consumption and the construction of a learning society. The results include innovative strategies to change curricula; to shape public opinion and national policies for sustainability; to make sure that research serves the needs of social and economic development that is sustainable and to enable students to develop their knowledge, values and skills that society will need for real progress towards sustainable consumption.
Conscientiousness as a Predictor of Relative Longevity
Authors: Udoh Felix Uchechukwu , Anyichie Aloysius C.
Published: December 2015

This study examined the Conscientiousness domain (of the Big-Five Inventory [B5]) and its facets as predictors of Relative Longevity (RL). Its methods of investigation involved the administration of the B5 to a sample of 350 people from Anambra State (of Nigeria, West Africa) who had RL. These participants were drawn from the representative towns of the three senatorial zones in the State. Stratified sampling technique was employed in the selection of the respondents. Pearson Product-Moment Correlation analysis and Multiple Regression analysis were used in data analyses. The results of the research indicated that there was no significant correlation between Conscientiousness domain and RL. However, its (Conscientiousness) facet (of Thorough) correlated significantly with RL. Besides, Conscientiousness did not predict RL, but its facets (Thorough, Reliable, Organized, and Goal-directed) were found to be significant predictors of RL. The study’s conclusion is that although Conscientiousness was neither a correlate nor a predictor of RL among the people of Anambra State, some of its Facets were (correlate and/or predictor/s).
Subjektivní percepce profesních počátků vysokoškolských učitelů odborné angličtiny: kvalitativní výzkum didaktických znalostí obsahu
Authors: Jašková Jana
Published: December 2015

Cílem empirické studie je popsat výzkum zaměřený na vysokoškolské učitele odborného anglického jazyka a subjektivně vnímané změny v jejich didaktických znalostech obsahu z retrospektivního pohledu na profesní počátky; konkrétně se tato studie zaměřuje na první, kvalitativní fázi celého výzkumného šetření. V první části příspěvku jsou popsána teoretická východiska týkající se klíčových pojmů, jako jsou didaktické znalosti obsahu a odborný anglický jazyk, které jsou tematizovány mj. ve vztahu k profesní skupině začínajících vysokoškolských učitelů odborné angličtiny. Druhá část studie je zaměřena na popis celého smíšeného výzkumného designu včetně cíle výzkumného šetření a výzkumných otázek. Třetí část je věnována popisu první, kvalitativní fáze tohoto výzkumu, v níž sběr dat proběhl formou retrospektivních polostrukturovaných rozhovorů se čtrnácti dostupnými vysokoškolskými učiteli odborného anglického jazyka na téma prvních tří let jejich praxe a ve které analýza byla uskutečněna tematickým kódováním. Čtvrtá část příspěvku prezentuje získaná data, přičemž pozornost je zaměřena na jednotlivé složky didaktických znalostí obsahu – pojetí cílů výuky, znalosti kurikula, znalosti výukových strategií a znalosti o porozumění studentů. Výsledky naznačují, s jakými zásadními problémy se na počátku své profesní dráhy učitelé setkávali. Z těchto zjištění lze dovozovat potřebu zavedení specifického přípravného vzdělávání pro budoucí akademické pracovníky vyučující odborný anglický jazyk na českých vysokých školách.
Case-series analysis of intracranial saccular aneurysms treatment
Authors: Šustickas Gytis , Rinkevičius Dainius , Ušinskienė Jurgita , Letautienė Simona Rūta , Širvinskas Audrius
Published: December 2015

Nowadays, selection of the best treatment method for intracranial aneurysms is one of the most discussed topics. We report our operative and coiling experience of 128 cases  –  series with 106 ruptured and 22 unruptured aneurysms. The aim of the research was to identify the factors influencing the optimal radical method for treatment of intracranial aneurysms and to compare the neurosurgical and neuroradiological activity of our hospital with that of other regions of the world.
Of 128 aneurysms the clipped group was 94 patients (mean age ± SD: 52.21 ± 13.34 years, 73.4%) while 34 patients underwent aneurysm embolization (mean age ± SD: 61.59 ± 13.34 years, 36.6%). Most of the aneurysms were located at the anterior communicating artery (n = 36, 28.13%), the middle cerebral artery (n = 34, 26.56%) and the internal carotid artery (n  =  20, 15.63%). Comorbidity, neurology status at admission, clinical outcomes, operative complications, aneurysm localization, size and condition were analysed.
According to our experience, surgical clipping of aneurysms is more efficient and safe for patients with no or mild comorbidity, with less severe neurological symptoms, ruptured aneurysms, and anterior cerebral circulation aneurysms.
Explicit instruction and implicit use of L2 learning strategies in higher secondary EFL course books
Authors: Bueno-Alastuey Mª Camino , Luque Agulló Gloria
Published: December 2015

Research has shown that teaching second language (L2) learning strategies explicitly promotes an increase in strategy use and in oral proficiency. Consequently, a checklist based on the six types of strategies from Oxford’s taxonomy (1990) was created to analyze strategic instruction in the most common textbooks used in the last year of Higher Secondary Education in Spain. The study considered whether there was explicit strategy instruction and its location (within the units [Internal] or in other sections [External]) in course books, and what specific strategies were explicitly taught for the two oral skills, listening and speaking. Results showed, first, that there was explicit internal and external instruction of L2 learning strategies both for listening and speaking, but not in all the books; second, that there was significantly more implicit use than explicit instruction, and less explicit instruction in the units of the textbooks than in specific extra sections in the textbook or in support material; and finally, that internal explicit instruction of strategies remains very limited; and thus, L2 learning strategy instruction, competence and use may not be sufficiently encouraged in those textbooks.
Implementation of antiretroviral therapy guidelines for under‐five children in Tanzania: translating recommendations into practice
Authors: Nuwagaba‐Biribonwoha Harriet , Wang Chunhui , Kilama Bonita , Jowhar Farhat K , Antelman Gretchen , Panya Milembe F , Abrams Elaine J ,   for the Identifying Optimal Models of HIV Care in Africa: Tanzania and Zanzibar Consortium
Published: December 2015

Introduction

Paediatric antiretroviral therapy (ART) guidelines have been updated several times in recent years. We assessed implementation of ART guidelines among under‐five children to inform the transition to universal paediatric ART in Tanzania.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of infants (0 to 11 months) and children (12 to 59 months) enrolled between 2010 and 2012 using routinely collected data. Infants and children were initiated on ART according to the 2008 World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations/2009 Tanzania guidelines (universal ART for infants). Cumulative ART initiation incidence and correlates of ART initiation were examined using competing risk methods accounting for attrition (death or loss to follow‐up). Kaplan‐Meier methods and Cox regression models were used to examine attrition on ART and its correlates.

Results

A total of 1679 children were enrolled at 69 clinics: 469 (28%) infants and 1210 (74%) children. Infant cumulative ART initiation incidence was 59.6, 71.3 and 78.0% at one, three and six months of follow‐up. Infants were more likely to start ART if enrolled in 2012 [adjusted sub‐hazard ratio (AsHR)=2.2, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.7 to 2.8] or 2011 (AsHR=1.8, 95% CI: 1.4 to 2.3) compared to 2010; they were more likely to start ART from prevention of mother‐to‐child HIV transmission (AsHR=1.6, 95% CI: 1.3 to 2.1) and inpatient wards (AsHR=1.5, 95% CI: 1.2 to 2.0) versus being enrolled from voluntary counselling and testing centres. Attrition at 12 months on ART was 33.9% and was more likely among infants with WHO Stage 4 [adjusted hazard ratio (AHR)=3.1. 95% CI: 1.8 to 5.2] and severe malnutrition (AHR=1.4, 95% CI: 1.0 to 1.9).

Among 599 children eligible for ART at enrolment, cumulative ART initiation incidence was 51.8, 68.6 and 76.1% at one, three, and six months. Children were more likely to start ART if enrolled in 2012 (AsHR=1.8, 95% CI: 1.4 to 2.3) or 2011 (AsHR=1.5, 95% CI: 1.2 to 1.8) compared to 2010; they were more likely to start ART at primary health facilities (AsHR=1.5, 95% CI: 1.1 to 2.0) and less likely at urban facilities (AsHR=0.6, 95% CI: 0.5 to 0.9) and facilities without CD4 testing on site (AsHR=0.7, 95% CI: 0.5 to 0.9). Attrition at 12 months on ART was 23.1% and was more likely with severe malnutrition (AHR=1.8, 95% CI: 1.1 to 3.0), WHO Stage 4 (AHR=3.0, 95% CI: 1.0 to 8.5) and outpatient enrolees (AHR=1.7, 95% CI: 1.1 to 2.7).

Conclusions

Our findings suggest the gradual adoption of guidelines over calendar time. Interventions to expedite ART initiation and support retention on ART are needed.
Ansvarlighet i samarbeidet mellom ansatte og beboere i et kommunalt bofellesskap
Authors: Mækelæ Jonny
Published: December 2015

St.prp.1 (2004–2005) emphasized that local authorities must take steps to ensure people with severe mental problems have access to adapted housing. As part of this process, the municipality of Bodø built facilities that were opened in spring 2008. There were engaged professional health workers, whose task was to assist and support the residents to cope with their everyday challenges. The findings of this study show that different constellations of responsibility are essential for the phenomenon of cooperation between staff and residents in a supported housing arrangement. The most important conclusion is that the residents appreciated and were dependent on the employees' support and care to cope with everyday situations. At the same time this could cause unfortunate dependence between the two parts. Self –determination seem to be essential factors for residents to take initiative and be active, and for residents to engage themselves in personal change projects.
”En ny hverdag”. Mødres opplevelse av hverdagen med et prematurt barn, og støtten ved en ressurshelsestasjon
Authors: Sørby Solveig , Fegran Liv
Published: December 2015

The study explores mothers’ of premature infants experience of how health centers especially adapted for families with premature infants can help them to cope with everyday life after discharge from a neonatal intensive care unit. Background: Premature children are at higher risk for physical and mental health problems, which makes parenting demanding. The transition between hospital and home is a challenging period where parents may need extra support to cope with everyday life. Method: Nine mothers of premature infants receiving follow-up care at a health center especially adapted for families with premature infants were interviewed. Data were analyzed by Kvale and Brinkmann’s guidelines for text analysis. Findings: The study revealed that mothers of premature infants need to adapt to a daily life with both challenges and joys. Mothers’ sense of coping in everyday life is affected by the public health nurse’s knowledge of and experience with premature infants. Conclusion: Mothers of premature infants experience a challenging daily life after discharge from neonatal intensive care unit. A health center especially adapted for families with premature infants can help mothers cope with everyday life after discharge through availability, flexibility, expertise, facilitating a social network and focusing on mothers’ own experience of their daily life.
Simulering som læringsmetode kan bidra til økt sykepleiefaglig handlingskompetanse i rurale strøk
Authors: Tharaldsteen Eva , Skoglund Inger
Published: December 2015

Simulation as a learning method can recreate reality. The method has three aspects to it, consisting of building a scenario, making the students familiar with it, and debriefing them after the scenario is played out. This learning method enables both students and healthcare professionals to train various acute patient situations, while staying in a safe environment and without harming the patient. Simulation can in a harmless way uncover knowledge shortcomings and uncertainty, which is not easily recognized because of the lack of training opportunity. This being because of the long timespan between each emergency occurring in reality. The article is based on experiences and reflections that we as teachers have acquired, through using simulation as a learning method for acute nursing students coming from different rural and remote municipalities in Finnmark. Working in remote areas requires adequate depth and breadth of knowledge, in relation to the local community’s needs for health care services.
PEQUENAS FLORES VERMELHAS: NARRATIVAS FÍLMICAS E O QUE PODEMOS PENSAR SOBRE A INSTITUCIONALIZAÇÃO DA INFÂNCIA?
Authors: Lima Patricia De Moraes , Nazario Roseli
Published: December 2015

O texto propõe refletir sobre a institucionalização da infância e seus desdobramentos no atual cenário de Promoção, Defesa e Garantia dos Direitos da Infância. Pergunta-se sobre os discursos protetivos em torno da infância, inspirado pelo filme dirigido por Zhang Yan, intitulado Pequenas Flores Vermelhas.
FIOS DE UMA INFÂNCIA DE MATRIZ AFRICANA: O MENINO N NA OBRA DE ONDJAKI
Authors: Santos Izabel Cristina da Rosa Gomes dos
Published: December 2015

O texto propõe construir uma permeabilidade conceitual ao articular infâncias e a literatura africana, aportes para se pensar os contextos na educação, sobretudo, por imagens literárias que compõe as infâncias na voz do escritor angolano, Ondjaki. Vale sinalizar que a ancoragem dessa discussão pauta-se na obra Os da minha rua, do referido escritor nascido sob o céu de Luanda. O texto aqui apresentado propõe, a partir de imagens literárias, encontrar-se com as infâncias narradas e escritas em terra africana para com isso, provocar e instigar nosso olhar sobre o modo pelo qual pensamos a infância. Entre outros fios, por outras linhas, o menino N nos apresenta as infâncias vividas e experimentadas e com isso, nos põe a tarefa de um profícuo diálogo entre literatura e uma infância de matriz africana.
A INFÂNCIA EM ABRIL DESPEDAÇADO
Authors: Roure Glacy Queiros de , Sá Ana Carolina Roure Malta de
Published: December 2015

Abril despedaçado é uma adaptação literária de Walter Salles do romance de Ismail Kadaré. No enredo, Tonho (Rodrigo Santoro) mata um integrante da família rival, para fazer justiça pela morte de seu irmão mais velho. Depois de um pequeno espaço de tempo, a outra família tentará vigar-se de Tonho, mas seu irmão mais novo Pacu (Ravi R. Lacerda) oferecerá sua vida, para livrar Tonho desta dívida de sangue. Quando Pacu assume o lugar de Tonho, possibilita a interrupção de uma herança “sustentada” pela vingança, e instaura um outro tempo em que a “experiência do desejo” pode se fazer presente. Neste filme, a presença do personagem Pacu ajuda-nos a pensar não somente o que de real cerca a experiência da infância, tendo como referência a emergência da experiência-limite do olhar, mas também, em como se dá e o que significa, neste tempo, a experiência da entrada no campo da linguagem.
45 anos de sala de aula: olhares para os saberes e fazeres do professor-pesquisador
Authors: Schlichting Thais De Souza , Kloth Gabriela
Published: December 2015

Osmar de Souza atualmente é professor colaborador do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação – Mestrado em Educação na Universidade Regional de Blumenau (FURB). É formado em Letras pela Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (1974), tem mestrado em Sociologia de Política pela Fundação Escola de Sociologia e Política de São Paulo (1979) e doutorado em Letras pela Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (1994). Ao longo de sua trajetória na educação, durante 45 anos de atividade profissional, nunca se afastou da sala de aula por um ano inteiro. No decorrer desse percurso, já orientou cerca de 50 pesquisas de mestrado e lecionou diferentes disciplinas na graduação e pós-graduação stricto sensu em áreas como Letras, Direito e Administração. Sensível aos contextos nos quais está inserido, o professor Osmar se mostra sempre um interlocutor compreensivo e reflexivo dos saberes e fazeres na pesquisa, em especial, na educação. Atualmente, tem refletido, em seus estudos, acerca das avaliações em larga escala que são empreendidas no contexto nacional e nos sentidos construídos em torno dessas avaliações.
PRÁTICAS DE GESTÃO DEMOCRÁTICA EXPRESSAS NOS SISTEMAS MUNICIPAIS DE ENSINO NO CONTEXTO DA AVALIAÇÃO EM LARGA ESCALA
Authors: Dos Santos Almir Paulo
Published: December 2015

O trabalho busca identificar como a gestão democrática e o sistema nacional de avaliação se expressa, nos textos das leis de sistema municipal de ensino (SME), do Estado de Santa Catarina, e descrever práticas de gestão em algumas realidades municipais. O foco da pesquisa incide sobre as leis de criação dos sistemas municipais de ensino, em Santa Catarina, e as práticas de gestão em dois municípios do Estado de Santa Catarina, a partir das avaliações em larga escala. O estudo parte do aspecto legal de criação das leis de sistemas municipais de ensino, como pesquisa documental. Elenca o conteúdo expresso sobre a gestão democrática e a avaliação em larga escala, capaz de promover espaços de gestão democrática para a Educação municipal. A dimensão empírica envolveu estudo de caso, no âmbito da Secretaria de Educação, interligando, quando possível, ao contexto de disputas e ressignificação ao contexto escolar, a partir das avaliações em larga escala. A abordagem teórico-metodológica constituiu-se no ciclo de política de Stephen Ball, envolvendo o contexto da influência, o contexto da produção dos textos e o contexto da prática. A metodologia possibilitou a articulação entre os diferentes espaços da investigação, a partir do Banco de Leis de SME e de seus documentos oficiais.
Sun glint requirement for the remote detection of surface oil films
Authors: Sun Shaojie , Hu Chuanmin
Published: December 2015

Natural oil slicks in the western Gulf of Mexico are used to determine the sun glint threshold required for optical remote sensing of oil films. The threshold is determined using the same‐day image pairs collected by Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Terra (MODIST), MODIS Aqua (MODISA), and Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) (N = 2297 images) over the same oil slick locations where at least one of the sensors captures the oil slicks. For each sensor, statistics of sun glint strengths, represented by the normalized glint reflectance (LGN, sr−1), when oil slicks can and cannot be observed are generated. The LGN threshold for oil film detections is determined to be 10−5–10−6 sr−1 for MODIST and MODISA, and 10−6–10−7 sr−1 for VIIRS. Below these thresholds, no oil films can be detected, while above these thresholds, oil films can always be detected except near the critical‐angle zone where oil slicks reverse their contrast against the background water.