bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of haematinic activity of Tapinanthus globiferus (A. Rich.) van Tiegh leaf extract and fractions in phenylhydrazine-induced anaemic rats
Authors: Asogwa Felix Keneolisa , Okolo Kenneth Obinna , Asogwa Augustine Oluchukwu , Ali Jude Ibeabuchi , Ugwu Celestine Obiora , Offiah Raymond Ogbonna
Published: May 2024

Anaemia is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in both males and females of all ages. Anaemia was induced by intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of phenylhydrazine (60 mg/kg) for a period of 3 days. Anaemic rats were allotted to five (5) groups; group I served as the negative control, group II served as the positive control received Astyfer syrup (0.15 mg/kg p.o) , groups III-V served as the test groups that received Tapinanthus globiferus methanol extract, ethyl acetate and n-hexane fractions (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.), respectively. Packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin concentration (HB) and red blood cell count (RBC) were analysed as indices of anaemia at 7-day intervals for 21 days. The mean cell volume (MCV) and mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were calculated accordingly. Leaf extract and fractions of Tapinanthus globiferus significantly (P<0.001) increased the PCV, the HB concentration and the RBC, which had been originally decreased by phenylhydrazine (P<0.001) administration within one week of treatment. The extract and fractions were compared with rats administered with the positive and vehicle-treated group. The results suggested that Tapinanthus globiferus leaves have haematinicactivities.
Proximate, elemental and anti-nutritional composition of Pachycarpus bisacculatus (bitter butter) roots used locally as anti-snake venom
Authors: Dodo Juliet D. , Kpaji Monday , Ogah Ekirigwe , Eseyin Anthonia E.
Published: May 2024

Snake bite remains a public health problem in many countries including Nigeria; hence search for snake antivenom has intensified. One plant that is potentially useful in this regard is Pachycarpus bisacculatus roots (bitter butter). This study determined; proximate, phytochemical, of the aqueous, n-hexane, methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of Pachycarpus bisacculatus roots. These extracts obtained by maceration were subjected to qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening. Proximate, elemental, anti-nutritional compositions of this plant were carried out using standard methods. Results obtained were: moisture content (71.56±0.06, 7.53±0.37)%, crude protein (3.19±0.19, 1.92±0.05)%, crude fibre (11.33±0.31, 3.98±0.28)%, crude fat (1.05±0.07, 0.30±0.03)%, Ash (4.68±0.17, 2.32±0.32)%, carbohydrate (72.21±0.24, 19.92±0.48)% for the dried and fresh roots respectively. Elemental content showed that level of Ca was highest while that of Zn was the lowest. Al, Si, V, Pb were not detected. Anti-nutritional composition showed: oxalate (1.68±0.02 mg/100g), tannins (7.10±0.78 mg/100g), phytate (8.47±0.25 mg/100g) and cyanogenic glycosides (0.03±0.01 mg/100g). Extraction yields were 21.068% in aqueous solution, 1.6391% in ethyl acetate. The results indicate that root extracts of Pachycarpus bisacculatus contain bioactive chemicals and micronutrients which may be responsible for the medicinal properties reported for the plant.
Phytochemicals, proximate and elemental analysis, antioxidant and cytotoxic potentials of purple (Capitata F. rubra) and green (Capitata Linn.) Brassica oleraceae (cabbage)
Authors: Abu Thomas , Ezea Blessing Obianuju , Yusuf Saka Alabi , Bamidele Olorunsola Olasunkanmi , Sidiq Latifat Olabimpe , Yusuf Aminat Omope , Ogbole Omonike Oluyemisi
Published: May 2024

Malnutrition remains a significant impediment to growth in many countries. Exploring the medicinal potentials of exotic vegetables represents a strategic approach to achieving sustainable development goals. This study focused on the evaluation of proximate, elemental, and phytochemical composition, including the antioxidant and cytotoxic potentials of green and purple cabbage varieties. The findings revealed different percentages of moisture, crude fat, fibre, protein, and carbohydrates in both varieties. Calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, iron, copper, zinc, saponins, terpenoids, flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, anthraquinones, and steroids were also detected and quantified. The green (IC50=186.3 μg/mL) and purple (IC50=187.6 μg/mL) cabbage extracts demonstrated broad-spectrum 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, as compared with the standard, ascorbic acid(IC50=267 μg/mL). Similarly, the green (IC50=148.7 μg/mL) and purple (IC50=103.9 μg/mL) cabbage extracts exhibited nitric oxide inhibitory activity, as compared with the standard, ascorbic acid (IC50=135.2 μg/mL). The green (CC50=10.6 μg/mL) and purple (CC50=16.66 μg/mL) cabbage extracts exhibited an inhibition on the growth of Rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines as compared with the standard, Vincristine (CC50=0.30 μg/mL). These results support the utilization of the two cabbage varieties as dietary supplements, potentially aiding in the discovery of anticancer drugs and the management of other disease conditions owing to their antioxidant properties.
Godfatherism and Democratic Reconstruction in Nigeria: A Review of Nigeria’s Fourth Republic
Authors: Emmanuel Abah
Published: May 2024

Much of the contemporary discourse on Nigeria's democracy and politics from 1999 till date has at its centre, the phenomenon of  'godfatherism' in the leadership of political parties, and in running the affairs of our multi-nation-state. As a result of the corruption of the electoral and political processes, governmental structures, electoral politics and state power are skewed towards satisfying the self- regarding interests of the dominant political mentors otherwise known as 'political godfathers'. Relying on their wealth and their political machines, they secure party nomination for candidates of their choice by any means, sponsor their election, including manipulating the  electoral process. This paper is intended to examine critically the crisis of political godfatherism in Nigeria and its implications for the  future of the nation's democracy. It suggests ways the gods of Nigerian democracy and politics can be checked and confronted if the  country is to deepen democracy and strengthen democratic institutions.
Destroy their Tongue and Identity so that they will Never build the House: Language, Identity and (Under)development of Africa
Authors: Thompson O.O. , Adeosun K.G. , Chinaguh E.C. , Adebiyi A.A.
Published: May 2024

This paper examines two main themes in Africa’s culture--- Language and Identity and how the disarticulations of both have led to the  underdevelopment of the continent. The study adopts a qualitative methodology, using the historical approach and post- colonial state  thesis as the basis of analysis. It argued that the underdevelopment of Africa is hinged on bastardisation done to the twin of language  and identity being two germane parts of its culture through the early contact between Africa and Europeans in the form of slave trade  and colonialism which continued in the post-colonial state through neocolonialism. The paper found that in spite of the interventions  from stakeholders from the global, regional levels down to individual level in responding to these crises, these interventions are dictated  by western powers, lack proper framework and atomistic as well as lack the political will. The paper recommends among other things that there is need for an Africa reinvention on what works for us, recalibration of our identity, cultural values and moors through  conscientious education.
Effect of Value-Added Tax (VAT) on the Demand for Tourism Services: Evidence from Tanzania
Authors: Nyimbi Henry S. , Komba Coretha , Mwakujonga Joshua
Published: May 2024

This study examines the influence of Value-Added Tax (VAT) on the likelihood of tourists visiting Tanzania. The study employed a mixed  approach by collecting and analyzing both quantitative and qualitative data. The study applied simple random and judgmental sampling techniques to select 110 respondents from the targeted population. The research used questionnaires, interviews and observation to  collect primary data. The study conducted descriptive and regression analysis (binary logit model) to estimate the likelihood of tourists  visiting tourist sites in the country. Descriptively, the findings reveal that 83 per cent of the respondents were affected by the high prices  charged on tourism services like transport, accommodation and meals. 95 per cent of the respondents perceive the 18 per cent VAT  charged on various tourism services as relatively high. The findings imply that a considerable number of visitors are sensitive to the rate  of VAT imposed on tourism services. 90 per cent of the respondents were comfortable with the infrastructure in different tourist sites  (national parks and game reserves) in the country. 69 per cent of the tourists are attracted to visit Tanzania due to the peace and security  status in the country. Moreover, 97 per cent of the tourists visited the country because of environmental conservation and fighting against poaching efforts. As per the findings of the binary logit regression analysis, the study found that VAT, education level, price, infrastructure, peace and security, and destination marketing have significant effects on determining the likelihood of tourists visiting  Tanzania.
Power Supply and Industrialization in Enugu State, Nigeria
Authors: Ahumibe Felicia , Bernard Olewe , Nze Ujunwa
Published: May 2024

The study appraised the power supply and industrialization in Enugu State, Nigeria. The specific objectives of the study were to: examine  the effect of power supply on the operational costs of industries, determine the effect of power supply on the productivity of industries  and examine the effect of power supply on the competitiveness of industries in Enugu State, Nigeria. This study adopted a descriptive  survey research design. The study employed secondary and primary sources of data. The population of the study was 2,299. Taro Yamani formula was used to determine the sample size of 341. The collected data was analyzed through the use of mean score. The Chi-square- test analysis technique was applied in testing the hypotheses. The findings revealed that Power supply has a significant negative effect on operational costs of industries in Enugu State, Nigeria (this is where (2cal = 357.230, p = 0.000), that Power supply has a significant  negative effect on the productivity of industries in Enugu State, Nigeria (this is where (2cal = 258.945, p = 0.000) and that power supply  had a significant negative effect on competitiveness of industries in Enugu State, Nigeria (this is where (2cal = 258.945, p = 0.000),. The  study recommended that Government should invest in robust power infrastructure, incentivize renewable energy adoption, while firms should explore energy-efficient technologies, engage in cost-sharing initiatives, and invest in backup systems for uninterrupted  production.
Modulation of cadmium induced haematological and renal damages by ethanol leaf extract of Pterocarpus mildbraedii in male Wistar rats
Authors: Edet O. Akpanyung  , Daniel E. Ekpo  , Utibe E. Bassey  , Blessing O. Orji
Published: May 2024

The leaf of Pterocarpus mildbraedii is a popular vegetable in Nigerian ethnomedicine, where it is applied in the management of various disorders. This study was carried out to investigate the ameliorative potential of ethanol leaf extract of P. mildbreadii on cadmium induced haematological and renal damages in male Wistar rats. The leaf extract and the toxicant were administered orally to four groups of rats at doses of 400 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg body weight respectively for 14 days. Indices of renal function (serum urea, creatinine, sodium and potassium) and haematological parameters were analyzed using standard methods. Cadmium caused a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the concentrations of urea, creatinine, sodium and potassium. It also caused a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in haematological parameters such as Hb, HCT, RBC, MCV, MCHC, lymphocytes and platelets while the levels of WBC, neutrophils and monocytes increased compared to control. Ethanol leaf extract of P. mildbreadii reversed the cadmium induced alterations in haematological and renal indices. Histological observation of the kidney tissue revealed abnormal histological architecture in animals intoxicated with cadmium. Animals treated with leaf extract of P. mildbreadii did not show any damage in histology of the kidney tissue. These results suggest the ameliorative potentials of leaf extract of P. mildbreadii on haematological and renal disorders in the rats.
Editorial
Authors: Nnaji Chidozie Charle
Published: May 2024

No Abstract
Exploring the prevalence of internet crimes among undergraduate students in a Nigerian University: A case study of the university of Ilorin
Authors: Balogun N.A. , Abdulrahaman M.D. , Aka K.
Published: May 2024

Internet crime, also known as cybercrime, encompasses various illicit activities conducted through computer system and online  platforms. It is a global menace that has become a pervasive issue in our contemporary society. This study delves into exploring the  prevalence of internet crime among undergraduate students at the University of Ilorin with the view to examine the level of involvement  of undergraduate students, identify the underlying factors, the perceived consequences, and potential control measures associated with  undergraduates' involvement in internet crime. The study engaged a sample size of 400 undergraduate students, employing a stratified  sample technique for comprehensive data collection using a structured questionnaire. The research revealed that the participants  acknowledged the prominence of internet crime within their peer group. It uncovered the multifaceted factors contributing to the prevalence of internet crimes. The respondents acknowledged the perceived consequences of undergraduates' involvement in internet  crime, encompassing financial mismanagement, expulsion from educational institutions, societal stigma, loss of personal integrity, legal  consequences, and limited access to future opportunities. To mitigate this growing concern, respondents recommended various control  and combative measures. These encompass the implementation of stringent rules within educational institutions, effective monitoring of  students' financial activities, awareness campaigns against internet crime, provision of employment opportunities, engaging experts  to address the issue, banning tools facilitating internet crime, and organizing training workshops to enhance legitimate ICT skills and  wealth generation. This study sheds light on the pressing need for proactive interventions to curb internet crime among undergraduate  students, emphasizing education, awareness, and policy implementation to foster a safer online environment and deter involvement in  criminal activities.
Maximizing network capacity, control and management in designing a telemedicine network: A review and recent challenges
Authors: Sadiq B.O. , Zakariyya O.S. , Buhari M.D. , Shuaibu A.N.
Published: May 2024

Telemedicine networks have seen significant changes in their capacity, monitoring, management, and control framework during the  previous decades. The evolution of network capacity, control, and management for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) & Software-Defined  Networks (SDN) as support to telemedicine, artificial intelligence in telemedicine networks, and capabilities in designing a telemedicine  network with respect to its performance and customization is presented in this study, with a historical history and a future view. The first  section of the article goes over the history of traffic and capacity expansion, as well as future projections. By introducing a medical and  image data communication protocol for telemedicine, the second section examines the technological constraints of expanding capacity in  the era of UAV & softwaredefined networking. The third section discusses ways to maximize network capacity by considering quality of  service (QoS) capacity issues. Finally, the article explores how to construct a telemedicine network that can provide performance,  customization, and capabilities to keep up with increased traffic in the coming decades. Research gaps and future directions were  presented in the last section.
Investigating the optimal Photovoltaic (PV) tilt angle using the Photovoltaic Geographic Information System (PVGIS)
Authors: Ukoima K.N. , Efughu D. , Azubuike O.C. , Akpiri B.F.
Published: May 2024

This work presents an investigation of the optimal tilt angles for mounting pv panels in South –South and South - East States in Nigeria  when no tracking system exists using the photovoltaic geographic information system (PVGIS). Experiments were carried out to verify  results obtained from the PVGIS database. The experimental set up consist of five PV panels each rated 10Watts inclined at five different  angles including the optimal angle obtained from the PVGIS database. South-South Nigeria consists of six states (Rivers, Delta, Bayelsa,  Edo, Cross-Rivers and Akwa-Ibom). South-East Nigeria consists of five states (Abia, Enugu, Imo, Ebonyi and Anambra). The optimal  installation angle of selected cities within each of the States was identified. Results from experiments conducted showed that from  January to April and September to December, the yearly optimal tilt angle (11o for Port Harcourt, 12o for Yenagoa, 11o for Benin City, 10o  for Calabar, 11o for Asaba and 10o for Uyo) is suitable for use in the South – South while from January to April and September to December, the yearly optimal tilt angle (10o for Umuahia, 11o for Awka, 12o for Enugu, 10o for Owerri, and 11o for Abakaliki) is suitable  for use in the South – East. The horizontal plane (0o ) is suitable from May to August in both South – South and South – Eastern States.  The untapped solar potential in the South – South was observed to be as high as 286.62kWh/m2 for Port Harcourt and a low value of  19.34kWh/m2 was recorded in Calabar when solar panels are not installed at the optimal angles. For the South –East, the untapped solar  potential was observed to be as high as 222.11kWh/m2 for Umuahia and a lowest value of 21.31kWh/m2 was also recorded in Umuahia  when solar panels were not installed at the optimal angles. Installing PV panels at the optimal tilt angle can improve the efficiency of  solar energy generation, making it more cost-effective by maximizing the total amount of diffused and direct radiation.
Optimization and modeling of solar energy with artificial neural networks
Authors: Ntekim B.E. , Uppin C.
Published: May 2024

Solar energy represents one of the emerging frontiers in renewable energy, offering significant potential to address the issues of energy  unavailability and instability in Uyo (Nigeria). A crucial step in overcoming these challenges is accurately predicting the amount of solar  energy that can be harnessed at a specific location. This research focused on achieving optimal solar power prediction, with the following  objectives; identifying and investigating the mathematical relationships between relevant variables and parameters. To ensure precise  predictions, artificial neural networks (ANN) were employed, utilizing both forward and backward propagation techniques. The input data  for the ANN comprised radiation data obtained from a secondary source, the solar panel's size or area from the manufacturer, the  panel's efficiency, and its performance ratio – all of which determined the electricity produced in kilowatts. The ANN was trained and  tested using meteorological data, enabling accurate predictions of optimal electricity generation for the location. Notably, the hourly  predictions reached their peak by 1 PM at the geographic location (5.2N and 7.5E), indicating that the highest levels of solar power were  attainable during this daily period. Moreover, the pattern of monthly average solar power exhibited optimal predictions in January.  Influenced by meteorological factors, a significant rise and fall in August, commonly referred to as the 'August Break’ featured. The  results demonstrated exceptional accuracy with minimal error margins (mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.03, mean squared error (MSE) of  0.0, and root mean squared error (RMSE) of 0.03). This high level of accuracy rendered the predictions reliable, making them suitable for  consultancy services. Additionally, the potential for future work and expansion was evident, as the ANN could incorporate five or more  years of radiation data for further improvements and insights.
Investigation of the feasibility of alternative burnout material (maize cob) versus the traditional material (sawdust) for point-of-use ceramic water filter production
Authors: Nnaji C.C. , Adibe S.
Published: May 2024

Ceramic water filters, are a promising household water treatment technology. Filters were produced using clay as the base material and  two locally available burnout materials (sawdust and maize cob). The clay which was classified as an Inorganic clay of low to medium  plasticity has a liquid limit of 41.1% and plasticity index of 37.4%. The sizes of the combustible materials are 5,10, 22 microns mixed in  proportions of 1:1 and 1:2 by proportions of clay and burnout materials respectively, moulded and fired to a temperature of 1000℃. In  the end, ten filters were produced from various particles sizes and proportions of the sawdust and maize cob. The bulk density of the  filters ranged from 1.67 to 3.5 g/cm3 with a typical value of 2.63±0.57 g/cm3 . Apparent porosity ranged from 94.94 to 99.87% with a  typical value of 99.10±1.13%; while water absorption varied from 28.6 to 59.71 % with a mean of 40.02±9.49 %. Flow rate ranged from very  slow rate of 0.051 to 0.92 L/h with a typical value of 0.354±0.226 L/h. Based on type of burnout material, filters made with sawdust had  higher flow rates (0.433 L/hr) than those made from maize cob (0.291 L/hr). The percent turbidity removal ranged from 9.1% - 43.7% on  the first week to 30.6 – 70.4% on the fifth week of the test for filters made from maize cob; whereas the percent turbidity removal ranged  from 5.7 – 35.3% on the first week to 44.9 – 75.6% on the fifth day for sawdust. Filters made from sawdust performed significantly better  than those made from maize cob (p = 0.044) at 95% confidence level. In terms of particle size, there was an increase in efficiency of  Coliform removal efficiency from 99.6 to 99.8% as the particle size of burnout materials increased from 5 μm to 22 μm. Filters made with  lower proportion (1:1) of burnout materials exhibited higher Coliform removal (99.76%) than those made with higher (2:1) proportion  (99.63%). However, the proportion of burnout materials within the range used in this study did not significantly affect percentage Coliform removal (p = 0.247). Filters made from sawdust generally performed better than those made from maize cob.
Development of geotechnical properties geo-database for soil in Kano metropolis to enhance building construction
Authors: Yunusa G.H. , Kida A.S. , Suleiman A. , Idris A.
Published: May 2024

Building collapse is a prevalent and concerning issue that resulted in significant loss of lives and properties in many places in Nigeria  including Kano state and determination of Geotechnical properties of soil could play a crucial role in preventing building collapse. This  study uses Geographic Information System (GIS) methodologies to create a geospatial database of soil properties in Kano Metropolis.  The database, created using Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) and spatial interpolation techniques, provides 212 sets of soil properties  being meticulously mapped across the study area. These meticulously generated maps illustrate various soil characteristics prevalent in  the metropolis, offering invaluable insights for preliminary designs and construction planning for buildings within Kano Metropolis. The  soils in this area are predominantly classified as CL (Clay of low plasticity), SC (Sandy Clay), and SM (Silty Sand) using Unified Soil  Classification System (USCS). The moisture content spans from 2.01 to 46%, specific gravity within the range of 2.32 to 2.75, liquid limits varying between 17.2 and 45%, plastic limits within the range of 10.1 to 40.5%, and linear shrinkage values spanning from 1 to 13%.  Furthermore, the shear strength parameters of the soil across the study area varies. The unit weight varies between 15.61 and 22.16 kN/ m3 , the cohesion (c) values ranging from 1.28 to 29.1 kN/m2 , and the angle of internal friction (ϕ) spanning from 5.5° to 32.2°. Despite  variations in ultimate and allowable bearing capacity with depth, the ultimate bearing capacity (qult) generally ranges between 108 and  1150 kN/m2 , with the corresponding allowable bearing capacity (qall) falling between 40 and 343 kN/m2 . This research provides valuable  geospatial knowledge to engineers, architects, and construction professionals in Kano Metropolis, enhancing decision-making  and project planning precision, ultimately contributing to sustainable development and growth of Kano metropolis.
Influence of vibration on sub-ballast layer induced by loading application on a fouled track ballast
Authors: Onwube A.U. , Mashros N. , Yusoff N.A. , Eberemu A.O.
Published: May 2024

The railway track’s sub-ballast layer is important, but it is often neglected, leading to the contamination and blockage of voids, as well as  track deformation and degradation. These issues occur when fouling materials infiltrate the subballast due to load-induced vibration. The  purposes of this paper are to investigate the influence of vibration on the sub-ballast layer when loads are applied to a fouled ballast  and to determine whether sub-ballast saturation should be ignored. A ballast box was fabricated to represent actual railway conditions and filled with 100 kg of ballast aggregates containing fouling materials (crushed ballast, sand, clay, and coal) proportional to  the ballast weight. In addition, a vibratory compactor plate machine was used to simulate load on the fouled ballast, inducing vibrations  that caused fouling materials to migrate into the sub-ballast. The results indicate that 18% of crushed ballast, 20% of sand, 20.7% of clay,  and 15% of coal infiltrated the sub-ballast due to loading-induced vibration, and fouling infiltration percentages rose as vibration from  loading increased. These percentages exceeded the standard 10% weight of fouling infiltration into the sub-ballast, indicating an  unfavourable subballast condition and showing that sub-ballast saturation should not be ignored. These findings have significant  implications for maintenance engineers, as they underscore the need for continuous monitoring and upkeep to ensure optimal sub- ballast performance.
Effects of heat treatment on tensile properties of 3D-printed short fiber-reinforced composites
Authors: Shuaibu A. , Ahmad A.
Published: May 2024

3D-printed carbon fibre-reinforced composites (CFRC) using fused deposition modelling (FDM) offer the potential for building complex  geometries and low waste. However, these composites have weaker interlaminar bonding and higher void content than traditional  composites. This paper explores the effect of temperature on improving the mechanical properties of 3D-printed short carbon fibre- reinforced polyamide (PACF). Two types of printed structures were tested: one with a 0° build orientation (parallel to extruder movement)  and the other with a 90° build orientation (perpendicular to extruder movement). Both samples were heat-treated at 150°C.  Force vs. displacement data was obtained from the MTS testing machine. After that, the tested samples were viewed under an optical  microscope. Images obtained from the optical microscope are then analyzed to see how the samples failed by checking the  microstructure. The average ultimate strength, ultimate strain, and elastic modulus were used for the analysis. The sample follows a  trend where the strength and elastic modulus increase after heat treatment. The result also showed that the 0° build orientation samples  have higher mechanical performance than the 90° build orientation sample. Also, from the ultimate strain values, it was evident that samples printed in the 0° absorbed more energy, exhibiting 83% higher resistance before final failure. Lastly, an optical microscope was  used to investigate the failure mechanisms of the samples.
The effect of preservatives and storage temperature on the organoleptic and microbial load of homemade freshly prepared healthy natural juices
Authors: Fakile O.D. , Oladiti A.A. , Solana O.I. , Okolosi J.E.
Published: May 2024

Julie mango (Mangifera indica L.) and pawpaw (Carica papaya L.) fruit juice was treated with natural (ginger, cinnamon) and chemical (sodium benzoate, ascorbic acid) preservatives. The effect of these preservatives on Julie mango and pawpaw fruit juices were evaluated during the period of 8 days storage in the refrigerator (4 °C) and room temperature (28 °C). The total bacterial count in Julie mango fruit juice treated with sodium benzoate and stored at refrigerator (4 °C) and room temperature (28 °C) ranged from 5.0 × 104 to 8.0 × 103 CFU/ml and 5.0 × 104 to 7.0 × 103CFU/ml respectively. Total bacterial count in Julie mango fruit juice treated with ginger and cinnamon and stored at refrigerator (4 °C) and room temperature (28 °C) ranged from 1.9 × 104 to 5.2 × 103 CFU/ml and 1.9 × 104 to 5.0 × 103 CFU/ml. Total bacterial count in pawpaw fruit juice treated with ascorbic acid ranged from 5.2 × 104 to 7.0 × 103CFU/ml and 5.3 × 104 to 6.0 × 103CFU/ml for juice during storage at (4 °C) and room temperature (28 °C).While the total bacterial count in pawpaw fruit juice treated with ginger and cinnamon and stored at refrigerator (4 °C) and room temperature (28 °C) ranged from 1.3 × 104 to 5.2 × 103 CFU/ml and 1.9 × 104 to 5.1× 103 CFU/ml, respectively. Treatment of Julie mango and pawpaw fruit juices with sodium benzoate and ascorbic acid reduced the bacterial and fungal counts of the juices during the 8 day period of storage. The fungal count in Julie mango and pawpaw fruit juice treated with sodium benzoate and ascorbic then stored at refrigerator (4 °C) and room temperature (28 °C) ranged from 2.9 × 104 to 4.0 × 103 CFU/ml, 3.0 × 104 to 7.0× 103 CFU/ml, 2.0 × 104 to 6.0 × 103 CFU/ml and 2.2 × 104 to 3.0× 103 CFU/ml respectively. Sensory analysis results show that Julie mango and pawpaw fruit juices without any preservative added were most accepted. Refrigerator storage temperature (4 °C) was good and is the most recommended temperature for fruit producers.
Human Papillomavirus Genotype and DNA Methylation of TP53, PIK3CA as Integrated Biomarkers forOropharyngeal Carcinogenesis - AReview
Authors: Yahaya Garba , Odigie Efosa Bolaji , Abubakar I.A. , Ogeyemhe Blessing Emosho , Omorodion Nosa Terry , Halliru H.A.
Published: May 2024

No Abstract
Malaria in Complex Emergencies: AReview
Authors: Edet Obongama O. , Omon Emmanuel A.
Published: May 2024

No Abstract
The Modulatory effects of Methanolic Stem Bark Extract of Acacia Nilotica on Serum Level of CA 15-3, Liver and Kidney Biomarkers in Alloxan Induced Type-1 Diabetic WistarRats
Authors: Alhassan Hussaini Mohammed , Isah Sumayya Hamzat , Usman Malami Aliyu , Zafaru Muhammad Bunza , Abdullahi Isiyaku , Hamisu Abdullahi , Abdullahi Sulaiman Mainasara
Published: May 2024

No Abstract
Examination of Bacteria Contamination In Selected Fruits and Vegetables Sold in Uselu Market, Benin City, Edo State
Authors: Omoruyi Z. , Nosa-Cole E.
Published: May 2024

No Abstract
Dysglycaemia and Dyslipidaemia Among Subjects Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Authors: Adetiloye Adepeju Akinlawon , Olatunji Mabayoje Victor , Olalekan Adebayo Teslim , Osuolale Ogundeji Mustapha , Olalekan Omisore Akeem
Published: May 2024

No Abstract
Vaccine Hesitancy Among Sub-Sahara African Population: A Narrative Review and Empirical Case of South-South Nigeria
Authors: Onoriasakpobare Felix O. , Igere Bright E , Chukuka Vivian I. , Onianwah Ifeanyichukwu F.
Published: May 2024

No Abstract
Evaluation of Factors Associated with Malaria Infection Among Children Under-5 Years Who Received SMC 1
Authors: Adamu Muslim , Muhammad Abdullahi Sabo , Saleh Yahaya
Published: May 2024

No Abstract
Assessment of Bacteria Contamination of Ready-To-Use Cutlery in The Cafeteria of A Tertiary Institution in Nigeria
Authors: Uyigue P.O. , Oloruntobi O. , Onemu S.O.
Published: May 2024

No Abstract
Effect of dose-rate on nitric oxide-induced apoptosis in A375 human melanoma cells
Authors: Moon Seo Hyun , Kim Min Young
Published: May 2024

Purpose: To investigate the effect of dose-rate on nitric oxide (NO)-induced apoptosis in A375 human melanoma cells.
Methods: The A375 cells were exposed to NO at a steady-state concentration of 7 μM, similar to the level estimated to occur in vivo in inflamed tissues, and delivered by diffusion through silastic tubing. Trypan blue dye exclusion assay was used to assess cell proliferation and viability. Cell cycle was studied by propidium iodide (PI) staining while Annexin V-FITC and PI assays were used to evaluate apoptosis. Western blotting assay was carried out to determine protein levels of p53, Bax, DR4, DR5, Fas (CD95), Procaspase 8, Procaspase 9 and Procaspase 3.
Results: Viability of A375 cells was reduced by 22 % after 24 h leading to extensive apoptosis and cell cycle arrest following exposure to a cumulative dose of 3360 μM/min NO. Treatment with NO stimulated p53 and triggered mitochondrial apoptotic events by inducing conformational changes in Bax. Also, activation of caspase 9 and 3, DR4, DR5, Fas (CD95) and caspase 8 appeared to be mediated concurrently by death receptor processing and downstream caspases.
Conclusion: Nitric oxide (NO) induces programmed cell death, thus indicating that it could serve as an effective inhibitor to halt the progression of melanoma or as an enhancer to improve therapeutic strategies for treatment.
Effect of antidepressants on bone mineral density and bone metabolism in ovariectomized depressed rats
Authors: Liu Chao , Liang Chao , Wang Yiming , Huang Jie
Published: May 2024

Purpose: To investigate the effect of antidepressants on bone mineral density and bone metabolism in ovariectomized rats with depression.
Methods: 48 female rats were randomly and equally assigned to six groups, namely, sham (Sn), ovariectomized depression (OD), ovariectomized depression rats treated with sertraline (ODs), citalopram (ODx), reboxetine (ODr), and venlafaxine groups (ODw). Behavioral alterations and bone-related parameters were evaluated before and after treatment.
Results: After treatment, ODs, ODx, ODw, and ODr groups had higher levels of horizontal and vertical exercise scores, sugar water consumption, osteoclasts, and serum CTX-1 (p < 0.05) compared to OD group. Osteocytes, serum serotonin (5-HT), osteocalcin (BGP), and type I procollagen N-terminal propeptide (PINP) were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) after treatment in ODs, ODx, ODw, and ODr groups. A positive correlation was observed between 5-HT, BGP, PINP, and whole-body bone mineral density (r = 0.931, 0.907, and 0.843, p < 0.05) respectively, while a negative correlation was observed between collagen type I C-terminal propeptide (CTX-I) and bone mineral density (r = -0.855, p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Antidepressants reduce bone mineral density and osteocyte proliferation, while increasing osteoclast proliferation. These effects are associated with reductions in 5-HT, PINP and BGP levels, and increase in CTX-I.
Diabetic self-care practice and quality of life among diabetes patients in the Hail region of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alshammari Farhan , Hussain Arshad , Khan Kashifullah , Ansari Mukhtar , Alshammary Norah Bandar , Alsaif Rahaf Saleh , Alreshidi Adel Ahmed , Alshammari Abdulaziz Salamah , Alshammari Bushra
Published: May 2024

Purpose: To determine the association between type 2 diabetic patients' adherence to self-care routines, medication use, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL).
Methods: This analytical and cross-sectional study was conducted in Hail Region of Saudi Arabia. The sample population comprised 400 men and women diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, all above the age of 18 years. A modified Euro QoL-five-dimensional (EQ-5D) health questionnaire was utilized to evaluate self-care habits and their association with health-related quality of life.
Results: Participants' mean age ± standard deviation (SD) was 53 ± 9.4 years, with 50.5 % being female. Non-adherence rates measured were 32.7 % for foot care, smoking (28.2 %), diet (28 %), insulin usage (26.2 %), exercise (23.2 %), and blood sugar monitoring (15.2 %). Mobility challenges were reported in 14.2 % of cases, 26.2 % self-care, 28.2 % everyday activities, 48.2 % pain or discomfort, and 28.2 % anxiety or depression. Significant associations occurred between poor foot care and mobility difficulties (58.2 %), impairment in everyday activities (53.7 %), and experiencing pain and discomfort (63.9 %) with p-values of 0.002, 0.003, and 0.03, respectively. Likewise, significant correlations (p < 0.05) exist between self-care (47.5 %), pain/discomfort (58.7 %), anxiety/depression (31.1 %), and non-adherence to exercise. Regression analysis indicated a positive correlation between respondents' EQ-5D index and oral hypoglycemic agent non-adherence (R2 = 0.25; p = 0.001). A significant relationship exists between EQ-5D index and smoking non-adherence after normalization (p = 0.003; 95 % CI: 0.0001 to 0.0001).
Conclusion: In Hail region of Saudi Arabia, the health-related quality of life for diabetics diminishes as self-care practices are neglected.
Effect of aspirin combination/clopidogrel combination on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and P-selectin levels in patients with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Xie Renfen , Xu Shengwang , Ao Daojiao , Wang Yalan , Huang Junmin
Published: May 2024

Purpose: To investigate the effect of combining aspirin with clopidogrel on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and P-selectin in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).
Methods: The medical records of 198 ACS patients treated at Zhaotong Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Zhaotong, China between January 2022 and January 2023 were analyzed retrospectively. Control group (88 patients) received aspirin (300 mg once, and subsequently a maintenance dose of 100 mg daily for 6 months), while the study group (118 patients) received the same dose of aspirin and clopidogrel (150 mg once, and a maintenance dose of 75 mg daily for 6 months). Levels of P-selectin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), hs-CRP, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), efficacy, and incidence of adverse reactions in both groups were determined.
Results: There was no significant difference in P-selectin and hs-CRP levels between the two groups before treatment (p > 0.05). However, P-selectin and hs-CRP levels in the study group decreased significantly compared to control group (p < 0.0001). Similarly, there was no significant difference in IL-8, IL-6 and TNF-α levels between the two groups before treatment (p > 0.05). However, IL-8, IL-6, and TNF-α reduced significantly after treatment (p < 0.0001), with more significantly lower levels observed in the study group (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups.
Conclusion: Aspirin combined with clopidogrel significantly lowers P- selectin, and hs-CRP, IL-8, IL-6, and TNF-α levels without worsening adverse reactions. A more comprehensive analysis of the combined use of aspirin with clopidogrel including all the associated mechanisms in the treatment of ACS is necessary.
Audiences for Orchestral Music: Challenges New and Old. The Cases of Germany and Poland
Authors: Zieba Marta , John O’Hagan
Published: May 2024

Technological change has impacted orchestral music for over a century, with the demise of orchestral concert audiences in their familiar form being considered by some at various times to be under threat. Access for classical music audiences however has increased over recent decades through radio, albums, and tapes/CDs/DVDs, thereby increasing the potential for large increases in classical music listener/viewer audiences. In the case of albums and tapes/CDs/DVDs, audiences have control over what and when they tune in, whereas in the case of radio, the schedule is fixed for them. Besides, in-hall audiences, adjusted for population, at orchestral concerts in Germany and Poland have been increasing, but a small number of orchestras in each country dominate. Technology has now made possible, through the live streaming of concerts, not just into cinemas and similar venues but also directly into homes, a potential substantial increase in live listening/viewing audiences; the Berliner Philharmoniker is leading the way in this regard.
Order in Andrzej Żuławski’s Chaotic Possession: Insurmountable Divisions
Authors: Poulou Despoina
Published: May 2024

Polish filmmaker Andrzej Żuławski made Possession (1981) after his self-exile in France and the great success of The Most Important Thing: Love (L'important c'est d'aimer, 1975). Set in West Berlin, Possession explores Anna and Mark’s marriage dissolution into chaos, and, in that sense, it is a domestic drama, full of political connotations implanted by the constant depiction of the Wall. However, due to its puzzling story that includes violent fights, unexpected killings, inexplicable doppelgängers, hysterical performances, and a notorious miscarriage scene in a subway station, somehow explaining the presence of the film’s polymorphic monster, Possession is often limited to the genre of horror, and its complexity is overlooked. Indeed, the state of Possession is pandemonium, and Żuławski’s anarchic artistic mentality, attracted by a turbulent directorial approach, only intensifies the sense of disintegration, despair, and horror in the film. But chaos only rules in a well-designed form, as little seems incidental in Żuławski’s compositions. Taking a closer look, one can observe a solid geometry that divides the cinematic space while imprisoning the protagonists into two separate worlds that do not communicate. Division, therefore, becomes a kind of ‘leitmotif’ in Possession, present in Anna and Mark’s alienated relationship, in the characters’ contrast between themselves and their doppelgängers and, finally, in the partitioning of Berlin.
Lifestylowe media obywatelskie Warmii i Mazur. Twórcy, tematyka, odbiorcy
Authors: Dąbrowska Joanna
Published: May 2024

The article presents lifestyle citizens’ media from Warmia and Mazury included in the project of the Monitoring Center for Online Citizens Journalism in Warmia and Mazury, implemented at the Institute of Journalism and Social Communication at the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn in the years 2022–2024. The profiles of the creators of these media, the diversity of their topics and the group of recipients are analysed.
Plasticidad Cognitiva en Adultos Mayores: Valores de Referencia de la AVLT-PA para Adultos de Buenos Aires
Authors: González Aguilar Maria Josefina
Published: May 2024

Introducción. En Latinoamérica, los estudios de plasticidad cognitiva en el envejecimiento son escasos.  La AVLT-PA es una versión modificada de la Lista de Rey que evalúa plasticidad cognitiva mediante la valoración del potencial de aprendizaje. No se cuenta con datos normativos de la AVLT-PA para adultos mayores. Objetivo. Estudiar la correlación entre variables sociodemográficas (sexo, edad y nivel educativo) y la AVLT-PA en personas mayores, para presentar valores de referencia argentinos de la AVLT-PA. Metodología. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 107 adultos mayores argentinos entre 60 y 89 años. Se analizaron la correlación y las diferencias de variables de la AVLT-PA según sexo, edad y nivel educativo. Resultados. Se observó una correlación negativa estadísticamente significativa entre edad y AVLT-PA, y se observaron diferencias según sexo. No se observó correlación entre las variables de la AVLT-PA y los años de educación. Conclusiones. La AVLT-PA presenta diferencias según edad y sexo, pero no presentó correlación con los años de educación formal, resultando así una herramienta útil para describir el funcionamiento en memoria episódica en personas mayores sanas con diferentes niveles educativos. Por lo tanto, se tomaron en cuenta estas variables para presentar los valores de referencias de la AVLT-PA para población argentina.
Bain, K. (2023). Superasignaturas: El futuro de la enseñanza y del aprendizaje. España: Publicacions de la Universitat de València.
Authors: Bou Juan Bautista
Published: May 2024

Kenneth Bain, autor de este libro, es Vicerrector de Asuntos Académicos en la Universidad del Distrito de Columbia (UDC). Previamente ejerció roles como Vicerrector de Instrucción, Director de la Academia de Investigación para el Aprendizaje Universitario, y profesor de historia en Montclair State University, New Jersey. Es reconocido a nivel internacional por su experiencia en enseñanza y aprendizaje, respaldada por una investigación de quince años sobre las mejores prácticas educativas. Bain ha sido el director fundador de importantes centros de enseñanza y aprendizaje en universidades como la Universidad de Nueva York, la Universidad Northwestern, la Universidad de Vanderbilt y la Universidad Estatal de Montclair. Su influencia se ha extendido a múltiples universidades en todo el mundo, donde ha sido invitado a impartir talleres y conferencias sobre temas relacionados con el aprendizaje profundo y sostenido, así como la creación de entornos naturales críticos de aprendizaje, conceptos muy estudiados en el libro que se reseña.
Design of Circular and Rectangular Patch Antennas Using Teflon and Rogers Substrates for 5G Applications at 25 GHz
Authors: Krishna Y. Rama , Ashok T. , Rajesh G. , Vamsi S. , Sowjanya S. Sneha
Published: May 2024

This paper presents a comprehensive study on the design and performance evaluation of circular and rectangular microstrip patch antennas tailored for 5G applications, operating at 25 GHz. Utilizing Teflon and Rogers substrates with superior dielectric properties, the antennas are meticulously crafted and rigorously analyzed. The study explores the design methodology, and simulation outcomes, and compares circular and rectangular patch antennas, focusing on their suitability for 5G systems. Through iterative simulations and optimizations, the antennas are fine-tuned to achieve optimal performance parameters, including impedance matching, radiation efficiency, and bandwidth, ensuring their efficacy in high-frequency communication environments. The design methodology involves precise calculations for optimal antenna dimensions, considering substrate material properties, dielectric constants, and desired radiation characteristics. Performance metrics such as peak directivity, gain, efficiency, and bandwidth are comprehensively evaluated and compared for both Teflon and Rogers substrates. This investigation contributes to advancing microstrip patch antenna design for 5G, elucidating the interplay between substrate materials, antenna geometries, and performance characteristics. The findings not only enhance our understanding of antenna design principles but also lay the groundwork for further optimization and refinement of microstrip patch antennas for future high-frequency communication systems.
СКАДАРСКИ СТАТУТ КАО ИЗВОР ЗА ПРОУЧАВАЊЕ СОЦИЈАЛНЕ СТРУКТУРЕ СТАНОВНИШТВА СРЕДЊОВЕКОВНОГ СКАДРА
Authors:   Универзитет у Нишу, Филозофски факултет Ниш, Милић Драгана
Published: May 2024

У раду се истиче значај Скадарског статута, највишег правног акта, односно збирке правних прописа, којим је било уређено функционисање средњовековне градске комуне. Статут, који је кодификован у првој половини 14. века и допуњаван по потреби у потоњим деценијама, гарантовао је одређени степен аутономије Скадра у периоду признавања врховне власти Немањића, Балшића и Млетачке републике. У фокусу истраживања су одредбе Скадарског статута које доприносе истраживању социјалне структуре становништва града. Циљ рада је да прикаже како је развој других приморских градова утицао на друштвено уређење Скадра, који је припадао приобалном подручју јадранско-зетског залеђа. Попут осталих приморских градова, у Скадру су били заступљени слични друштвени односи и важила је слична социјална подела, карактеристична за средњи век.