170. Outcomes after Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bloodstream infection
Authors: Al-Jabri Maha Y , Mojica Maria F , Brown Dylan , Wolfe Kaleb H , Tiseo Giusy , Galfo Valentina , Rao Gauri , Bonomo Robert A , Falcone Marco , van Duin David 
Published: November 2023

Background

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a leading cause of carbapenem-resistant, Gram-negative bacterial bloodstream infections (BSI).

Methods

A retrospective, observational study was conducted at four centers in Italy and the United States. Patients who were treated for S. maltophilia BSI between 1/1/2015 through 12/31/2020 with available antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) as reported by the local clinical microbiology laboratories were included. Data extracted from the electronic medical record and collected in a central database. Acute critical illness was measured through the Pitt Bacteremia Score, and chronic comorbidities through the Charlson Comorbidity Index. Desirability of outcome ranking (DOOR) outcomes were determined as shown.

Table.

DOOR Outcomes

Results

Median age of 143 patients was 54 years (IQR 40-65 years), and 77/143 (54%) were women. The median Charlson Comorbidity Index and Pitt bacteremia score were 3 (IQR 2-5), and 1 (IQR 0-2). At time of culture, 22/143 (15%) patients were in the intensive care unit, and 15/143 (10%) patients were on mechanical ventilation. Of tested isolates, 4/142 (3%), 0/53 (0%), 17/140 (12%) were non-susceptible to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, minocycline, and levofloxacin, respectively. In the first 14 days after culture, 68/143 (48%) received at least 2 different antibiotics either together or sequentially. Levofloxacin (84/143, 59%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (68/143, 48%), and tetracyclines (23/143, 16%) were most used. Novel treatment approaches were less commonly employed; cefiderocol in 5/143 (3%), and ceftazidime-avibactam & aztreonam in 6/143 (4%) of patients. Overall mortality at 30 days was 29/143 (20%); 30-day mortality was 8/17 (47%) in patients with fluoroquinolone-non-susceptible isolates, vs. 20/123 (16%) in patients with fluoroquinolone-susceptible isolates (p&lt; 0.01). DOOR distribution of outcomes is shown in Figure 1. A randomly selected patient with a fluoroquinolone -susceptible isolate had a 74% (95% CI 61%-84%, p&lt; 0.001) likelihood of a better outcome as compared to a randomly selected patient with a fluoroquinolone-non-susceptible isolate.Figure.DOOR Outcomes*Three isolates were not tested for fluoroquinolone (FQ) susceptibility

Conclusion

S. maltophilia BSI is associated with poor outcomes and high mortality, especially in patients with fluoroquinolone-non-susceptible isolates.

Disclosures

Giusy Tiseo, MD, Shionogi: Honoraria Robert A. Bonomo, MD, Entasis: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Grant/Research Support|venatorax: Grant/Research Support|Wockhardt: Grant/Research Support Marco Falcone, MD, PhD, Gilead: Board Member|Gilead: Honoraria|Menarini: Board Member|Menarini: Grant/Research Support|Menarini: Honoraria|MSD: Board Member|MSD: Grant/Research Support|MSD: Honoraria|Nordic Pharma: Honoraria|Pfizer: Board Member|Pfizer: Honoraria|Shionogi: Honoraria David van Duin, MD, PhD, Entasis: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Honoraria|Qpex: Advisor/Consultant|Roche: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support|Union: Advisor/Consultant|Utility: Advisor/Consultant