bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morbidade materna extremamente grave a partir dos registros de internação hospitalar do Sistema Único de Saúde: algoritmo para identificação dos casos
Authors: Magalhães Maria da Consolação , Raymundo Carlos Eduardo , Bustamante-Teixeira Maria Teresa
Published: April 2013

OBJETIVOS: identificar os códigos de procedimentos constantes no Sistema de Informação Hospitalar - Sistema Único de Saúde (SIH-SUS) considerados como Morbidade Materna Extremamente Grave (MMEG) e construir um algoritmo para o manejo/preparação da base de dados de Autorização de Internação Hospitalar visando a captura dos casos de MMEG neste banco de dados. MÉTODOS: utilizaram-se os dados do SIH-SUS fornecidos pela Secretaria de Saúde de Juiz de Fora e referem se as internações ocorridas no SUS no período de 2006-2007. Foram selecionadas todas as internações cujo diagnóstico principal compreendia todo o capítulo XV da Classificação Internacional de Doenças (CID10) - Complicações da gravidez, aborto, parto e puerpério e/ou internações em que procedimentos obstétricos foram realizados. Para identificação dos procedimentos no SIH-SUS, considerados como MMEG, adotaram-se os critérios propostos pela Organização Mundial da Saúde. O algoritmo foi desenvolvido no software Microsoft Access. RESULTADOS: foram capturados 326 casos de MMEG entre as 8620 mulheres selecionadas, perfazendo uma taxa de 37,8/1000 mulheres. Os procedimentos mais frequentes foram transfusão de hemoderivados, "permanência a maior" e pré-eclampsia grave/eclâmpsia, com prevalências de 15,7/1000, 9,5/1000 e 8,2/1000, respectivamente. CONCLUSÕES: o algoritmo utilizado pode otimizar o uso do SIH-SUS para a captação dos casos de MMEG e gerar informações para os serviços de vigilância da morbimortalidade materna e avaliação de cuidados obstétricos.
A questão da identidade em perspectiva pragmática
Authors: Silva Daniel do Nascimento e
Published: April 2013

Este trabalho apresenta uma reflexão sobre a questão da identidade a partir de uma perspectiva da pragmática lingüística. Apresentar uma perspectiva pragmática é, de partida, uma empreitada interdisciplinar, uma vez que este é um campo híbrido que surge na filosofia e, por assim dizer, dissemina-se na lingüística e na seara maior dos estudos da linguagem. Trata-se, então, de delinear uma visão performativa da identidade, esse construto teórico que tem ocupado um lugar central na agenda das ciências humanas e da vida social contemporânea.
Crenças na prática de ensino de inglês: um estudo de cognições de professoras orientadoras
Authors: Reis Simone , Cecci Débora Rebouças Milani
Published: April 2013

Este artigo relata resultados parciais de uma pesquisa que focaliza significados do processo de escrutínio de crenças na Prática de Ensino de inglês na Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Objetivando revelar tanto o valor que cinco orientadoras dão à discussão de crenças quanto o valor que percebem ser atribuído por seus alunos-professores a tal procedimento, o estudo analisa cognições do professor. Dados de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, conduzidas no início e final no ano de 2006, foram analisados com base na Grounded Theory e discutidos a partir das perspectivas da cognição e cognição situada. Essas perspectivas, respectivamente, permitem melhor compreensão de duas tendências entre as orientadoras: uma aparentemente impermeável ao contexto e caracterizada pela estabilidade de cognições, e outra, sensível ao contexto, revelada por mudança nas cognições.
Considerações sobre grupos em ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem como sistemas complexos
Authors: Vetromille-Castro Rafael
Published: April 2013

A inserção de tecnologias digitais na Educação - neste texto, em especial no âmbito da formação de professores de línguas - tem gerado reflexão em pesquisadores de Lingüística Aplicada a partir do momento em que as teorias que compõem a "Lingüística Aplicada dominante" (LARSEN-FREEMAN, 2000) se mostram insuficientes para abarcar o fenômeno das relações sociais que fundamentam a aprendizagem. Na busca de uma abordagem teórica que dê conta dos movimentos complexos típicos da experiência pedagógica - na qual incluem-se, indissociavelmente, docentes e discentes - optamos pelo suporte no Pensamento Complexo (MORIN, 1995), na Teoria do Caos (GLEICK, 1989), na Emergência (JOHNSON, 2003) e na Teoria dos Valores Qualitativos (PIAGET, 1973) e relatamos reflexões resultantes de pesquisa sobre grupos de professores (em serviço e pré-serviço) em um curso a distância, em ambiente virtual de aprendizagem (AVA). Percebemos que entender os grupos como sistemas complexos nos permite identificar elementos que fomentam sua manutenção e atuam na emergência de comportamentos interativos os quais são essenciais para a aprendizagem sob uma perspectiva sócio-construtivista.
Aquisição e complexidade em narrativas multimídia de aprendizagem
Authors: Paiva Vera Lúcia Menezes de Oliveira e
Published: April 2013

Este artigo apresenta reflexões sobre a aquisição de língua inglesa, entendida como sistema complexo em uma perspectiva êmica. Para tanto, discute aspectos da pesquisa narrativa, da multimodalidade e da complexidade da aquisição de segunda língua. Como evidências empíricas da aquisição, esta pesquisa utiliza excertos de narrativas multimídia de aprendizagem de língua inglesa, em que os narradores revelam aspectos de seus processos de aprendizagem por meio de textos, hipertextos, imagens e sons. Essas narrativas mostram que o processo de aquisição é um sistema complexo e que a segunda língua emerge da interação entre as diferentes experiências de aprendizagem dentro e fora do ambiente escolar.
Annonaceae na Serra Negra, Minas Gerais, Brasil
Authors: Dutra Saulo Moreira , Salimena Fátima Regina Gonçalves , Menini Neto Luiz
Published: April 2013

Apresenta-se o estudo taxonômico de Annonaceae na Serra Negra, a qual abrange os municípios de Rio Preto, Olaria, Santa Bárbara do Monte Verde e Lima Duarte no estado de Minas Gerais. Foram registradas sete espécies pertencentes a três gêneros: Annona dolabripetala, A. mucosa, A. sylvatica, Guatteria australis, G. pohliana, G. sellowiana e Xylopia brasiliensis. São apresentadas chave de identificação, descrições, ilustrações, comentários taxonômicos, ecológicos e de distribuição geográfica para as espécies.
Malanea revolutifolia (Guettardeae: Rubiaceae), una nueva especie del noreste de Brasil
Authors: Amaya Alix , Popovkin Alex
Published: April 2013

Se describe e ilustra Malanea revolutifolia, una nueva especie proveniente del bosque atlántico de Brasil, así mismo se incluye una clave para diferenciar algunas especies de Malanea que crecen en Brasil. M. revolutifolia es similar a M. forsteronioides y M. microphylla de las cuales se distingue principalmente por presentar hojas elípticas fuertemente revolutas 2,8-7,5 × 2-3,5 cm, cáliz profundamente dividido, lóbulos 3-4 mm de largo. Frutos drupas fusiformes a elípticas, pireno 5-7 × 2-2,5 mm.
Composição e estrutura arbórea em floresta estacional semidecidual no Espinhaço Meridional (Serra do Cipó, MG)
Authors: Santos Matheus Fortes , Serafim Herbert , Sano Paulo Takeo
Published: April 2013

Estudos florísticos e fitossociológicos têm sido feitos em áreas de Mata Atlântica, sendo parte desses em remanescentes de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual. Entretanto, no cômputo geral, as florestas na Serra do Espinhaço têm sido pouco estudadas. Este trabalho objetiva descrever e analisar a composição e estrutura de espécies arbóreas de uma área de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual na face leste da Serra do Cipó, porção meridional da Serra do Espinhaço (MG). O método de ponto-quadrante foi utilizado para estudo fitossociológico, sendo o levantamento florístico total incrementado por coletas não-sistematizadas. Foram calculados: área basal total, densidade, frequência e dominância relativas, além do índice de valor de importância. O levantamento florístico total registrou 280 espécies, número que destaca a riqueza da área, cuja maior afinidade florística é com outras áreas florestais localizadas nas bacias dos Rios Doce e Paraíba do Sul. Os parâmetros fitossociológicos destacam a predominância de espécies pioneiras e secundárias iniciais, o que, assim como os valores estruturais, caracteriza um estádio secundário inicial a intermediário de regeneração. Os dados deste trabalho realçam a importância da preservação das florestas estacionais da Mata Atlântica e, particularmente, de áreas florestais na porção leste do Espinhaço.
Leguminosae no Parque Ecológico Paulo Gorski, Cascavel, Paraná, Brasil
Authors: Snak Cristiane , Temponi Lívia Godinho , Garcia Flávia Cristina Pinto
Published: April 2013

Este estudo apresenta um levantamento florístico da família Leguminosae no Parque Ecológico Paulo Gorski, uma reserva natural no oeste do estado do Paraná, sul do Brasil e teve como objetivo contribuir para o conhecimento da flora de leguminosas no estado. As coletas ocorreram mensalmente, entre outubro/2007 e dezembro/2008, ao longo de trilhas preexistentes. Leguminosae foi representada por 29 espécies, alocadas em 26 gêneros. Senna foi o gênero mais representativo, com três espécies, seguido por Desmodium, com duas espécies. Os demais gêneros foram representados por uma única espécie. Este trabalho inclui chave de identificação, descrições, comentários, distribuição geográfica, fenologia e ilustrações das espécies.
Alstroemeriaceae na Região Sul do Brasil
Authors: Assis Marta Camargo de
Published: April 2013

Alstroemeriaceae compreende ervas perenes eretas ou volúveis, rizomatosas de folhas geralmente ressupinadas. É encontrada em quase todos os tipos de hábitats, de florestas a brejos e até desertos. A família está representada na Região Sul do Brasil pelo gênero Alstroemeria L., incluindo 9 espécies: Alstroemeria albescens M.C.Assis, A. amabilis M.C.Assis, A. apertiflora Baker, A. cunha Vell., A. inodora Herb., A. isabelleana Herb., A. malmeana Kraenzl., A. psittacina Lehm., A. sellowiana Seub. ex Schenk, e pelo gênero Bomarea Mirb. incluindo apenas a espécie B. edulis (Tussac) Herb. Neste trabalho são apresentadas nova sinonimização, chaves de identificação, descrição das espécies, ilustrações e comentários.
Consumo e dispersão secundária de sementes de Mucuna urens (Fabaceae) em Floresta Atlântica no Sul do Brasil
Authors: Zimmermann Thalita Gabriella , Begnini Romualdo Morelatto , Castellani Tânia Tarabini , Lopes Benedito Cortês , Reis Ademir
Published: April 2013

No presente estudo foram avaliados o consumo, a remoção e a dispersão secundária de sementes de Mucuna urens (Fabaceae - Faboideae) em um fragmento de Floresta Atlântica, no Parque Municipal da Lagoa do Peri, Florianópolis, SC. O padrão biométrico e o consumo por invertebrados foram avaliados em 100 sementes. A remoção e a dispersão secundária foram avaliadas em 120 e 25 sementes, respectivamente. A média do comprimento, largura e massa das sementes foi de 2,87±0,19 cm, 2,83±0,23 cm e 5,04±1,60 g, respectivamente, e 41% estavam consumidas por besouros Curculionidae, Scolytinae. Não houve relação do comprimento e da largura das sementes consumidas e não consumidas, sendo a massa das consumidas significativamente menor do que as não consumidas, devido aos escolitíneos se alimentarem do cotilédone. As cutias (Dasyprocta azarae) removeram 74,16% (n = 89) das sementes. Esse roedor dispersou 48% e enterrou 36% das sementes, a uma distância média de 8,06 m (± 7,46 m), variando de 1,00 a 35,90 m. A dispersão secundária e o estocamento das sementes de M. urens por cutias diminui a probabilidade de predação por outros vertebrados e invertebrados e aumenta as chances de ocorrer a germinação em sítios favoráveis, ajudando na propagação da espécie.
Limnological variations of a deep reservoir in periods with distinct rainfall patterns
Authors: Geraldes Ana Maria , George Catherine
Published: April 2013

AIM: This study intends to provide information on how precipitation variation may impact environmental parameters (total phosphorus, water temperature, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, Secchi depth, chlorophyll a and Anabaena abundance) and crustacean zooplankton composition and abundance. METHODS: Samples were collected monthly from October 2000 to September 2002 and from October 2007 to September 2009 at one single sampling station located at the deepest point of the reservoir. All data were obtained in the euphotic zone. RESULTS: The highest values of total phosphorous concentrations were reported together with the maximal values of precipitation. Conversely, conductivity decreased during the wet periods. Anabaena presence was only detected between September and December 2001. Daphnia longispina total abundance showed large inter-annual differences. A clear seasonal pattern was inferred for Diaphanosoma brachyurum and Ceriodaphnia pulchella. Both species are thermophilic and begin to be detected in early summer when the water temperature is around 15 ºC. Copidodiaptomus numidicus abundance did not present a clear seasonal pattern. CONCLUSIONS: Some of the observed shifts in environmental parameters (Conductivity, total phosphorus concentrations and Anabaena abundance) resulting in changes in zooplankton abundance are induced by rainfall variation. The most affected species were those with a lack of seasonality (C. numidicus) or species occurring mainly in winter/early summer (Daphnia longispina). However, a wide range of physical, chemical and biotic interactions is likely to influence zooplankton abundance. Therefore, caution is advised when relating the observed variation exclusively with rainfall intensity. In fact, some of the observed shifts were induced by other factors varying subtly in a seasonal or inter-annual pattern, independently of rainfall intensity.
Vapour transfer in unsaturated compacted bentonite
Authors: CLEALL P.J. , SINGH R.M. , THOMAS H.R.
Published: April 2013

Results of an experimental and theoretical investigation of heat and moisture movement in unsaturated MX-80 bentonite are presented. A thermo-hydraulic cell that allows measurement of transient temperatures and facilitates the determination of pseudo-transients of moisture content, dry density and chemical composition has been used to perform thermal gradient tests. Results of a number of tests are presented, and observation of the accumulation of chloride ions near the hot end clearly indicates that there is a cycle of vapour and liquid moisture movement, with vapour moving from hotter to cooler regions, condensing, and then moving as liquid towards the hotter regions. An empirical method is applied to calculate approximate vapour fluxes using measured variations in chloride ion concentration and moisture content with time. The vapour fluxes calculated empirically are found to be lower than those determined by some existing vapour flow theories. Subsequently, an existing vapour flow model is modified to represent the observed vapour fluxes more closely.
Postglacial climate and fire‐mediated vegetation change on the western Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA)
Authors: Gavin Daniel G. , Brubaker Linda B. , Greenwald D. Noah
Published: April 2013

The mode and tempo of forest compositional change during periods of rapid climate change, including the potential for the fire regime to produce nonlinear relationships between climate and vegetation, is a long‐standing theme of forest ecological research. In the old conifer forests of the coastal Pacific Northwest, fire disturbances are sufficiently rare that their relation to climate and their ecological effects are poorly understood. We used a 14 700‐year high‐resolution sediment record from Yahoo Lake on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington, USA, to examine vegetation (landscape vegetation from pollen and local vegetation from macrofossils) and fire (landscape fire from total charcoal and local fire from charcoal peaks) in conjunction with independent records of climate. We hypothesized that the successional stage of the local forest will exhibit alternate stable states over a range of fire activity, that species turnover will increase abruptly above a certain level of fire activity and that both responses would be more gradual at the landscape scale than the local scale. Supporting these hypotheses, at the local scale, we found strong evidence for alternate stable states of late vs. early successional communities and inertia of species turnover to changing fire activity. At the landscape scale, vegetation responded more gradually to changing fire activity. From 14 700 to 7000 years ago, high landscape vegetation turnover occurred along with high landscape fire activity, especially during the warm summers of the early Holocene. In several instances, local species turned over completely following fire events but several centuries after climate change. In contrast, during the last 7000 years, the local forest composition was dominated by late‐successional species with little species turnover, despite periods of moderate fire activity. We suggest that the relatively minor climate fluctuations of the past 7000 years were not sufficient to cause large‐scale species turnover after fire. The Yahoo Lake fire and vegetation record of the early Holocene provides a model for dramatic ecosystem change following an anticipated shift to warmer summer temperatures.
Childbirth Education in Rural Haiti: Reviving Low-Tech Teaching Strategies
Authors: Gibson Martha , Bowles Betty Carlson , Jansen Lauren , Leach Jane
Published: April 2013

On a medical mission into rural mountainous regions of Haiti, the authors were charged with teaching safer childbirth practices to untrained, mostly illiterate traditional birth attendants (TBA) who spoke Haitian Creole. In this isolated region with no physician or accessible hospital, almost all births occur at home. With no electricity, safe water supply, or sanitation facilities, childbirth education was a challenge. Accustomed to electronic, high-tech teaching aids, these childbirth educators had to modify educational strategies for these extraordinary circumstances. A successful solution was to revive decades-old teaching techniques and visual aids once used in Lamaze classes. The purpose of this article is to describe the teaching environment, the target audience, and the low-tech approach to childbirth education in Haiti.
The Health Benefits of Hispanic Communities for Non-Hispanic Mothers and Infants: Another Hispanic Paradox
Authors: Shaw Richard J. , Pickett Kate E.
Published: April 2013

Objectives. In the United States, Hispanic mothers have birth outcomes comparable to those of White mothers despite lower socioeconomic status. The contextual effects of Hispanic neighborhoods may partially explain this “Hispanic paradox.” We investigated whether this benefit extends to other ethnic groups.

Methods. We used multilevel logistic regression to investigate whether the county-level percentage of Hispanic residents is associated with infant mortality, low birth weight, preterm delivery, and smoking during pregnancy in 581 151 Black and 2 274 247 White non-Hispanic mothers from the US Linked Birth and Infant Death Data Set, 2000.

Results. For White and Black mothers, relative to living in counties with 0.00%–0.99% of Hispanic residents, living in counties with 50.00% or more of Hispanic residents was associated with an 80.00% reduction in the odds of smoking, an infant mortality reduction of approximately one third, and a modest reduction in the risks of preterm delivery and low birth weight.

Conclusions. The health benefits of living in Hispanic areas appear to bridge ethnic divides, resulting in better birth outcomes even for those of non-Hispanic origin.
Behavioral and Socioemotional Outcomes Through Age 5 Years of the Legacy for Children Public Health Approach to Improving Developmental Outcomes Among Children Born Into Poverty
Authors: Kaminski Jennifer W. , Perou Ruth , Visser Susanna N. , Scott Keith G. , Beckwith Leila , Howard Judy , Smith D. Camille , Danielson Melissa L.
Published: April 2013

Objectives. We evaluated Legacy for Children, a public health strategy to improve child health and development among low-income families.

Methods. Mothers were recruited prenatally or at the birth of a child to participate in Legacy parenting groups for 3 to 5 years. A set of 2 randomized trials in Miami, Florida, and Los Angeles, California, between 2001 and 2009 assessed 574 mother-child pairs when the children were 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months old. Intent-to-treat analyses from 12 to 60 months compared groups on child behavioral and socioemotional outcomes.

Results. Children of mothers in the intervention group were at lower risk for behavioral concerns at 24 months and socioemotional problems at 48 months in Miami, and lower risk for hyperactive behavior at 60 months in Los Angeles. Longitudinal analyses indicated that children of intervention mothers in Miami were at lower risk for behavior problems from 24 to 60 months of age.

Conclusions. Randomized controlled trials documented effectiveness of the Legacy model over time while allowing for implementation adaptations by 2 different sites. Broadly disseminable, parent-focused prevention models such as Legacy have potential for public health impact. These investments in prevention might reduce the need for later intervention strategies.
Healthy People 2010 Leading Health Indicators: How Children With Special Health Care Needs Fared
Authors: Ghandour Reem M. , Grason Holly A. , Schempf Ashley H. , Strickland Bonnie B. , Kogan Michael D. , Jones Jessica R. , Nichols Debra
Published: April 2013

Objectives. We compared estimates for children with and without special health care needs (SHCN) at 2 time periods for national health objectives related to the Healthy People 2010 leading health indicators (LHIs).

Methods. Data were from the 2003 and 2007 National Surveys of Children’s Health. Seven survey items were relevant to the LHIs and available in both survey years: physical activity, obesity, household tobacco use, current insurance, personal health care provider, past-month depressive symptoms, and past-year emergency department visits.

Results. In 2003 and 2007, children with SHCN fared worse than those without SHCN with respect to physical activity, obesity, household tobacco exposure, depressive symptomology, and emergency department visits, but fared better on current insurance and having a personal health care provider. Physical activity and access to a personal health care provider increased for all children, whereas the absolute disparity in personal provider access decreased 4.9%.

Conclusions. Significant disparities exist for key population health indicators between children with and without SHCN. Analyses illustrated how population-based initiatives could be used to frame health challenges among vulnerable populations.
News Coverage of Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Taxes: Pro- and Antitax Arguments in Public Discourse
Authors: Niederdeppe Jeff , Gollust Sarah E. , Jarlenski Marian P. , Nathanson Ashley M. , Barry Colleen L.
Published: April 2013

Objectives. We examined news coverage of public debates about large taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) to illuminate how the news media frames the debate and to inform future efforts to promote obesity-related public policy.

Methods. We conducted a quantitative content analysis in which we assessed how frequently 30 arguments supporting or opposing SSB taxes appeared in national news media and in news outlets serving jurisdictions where SSB taxes were proposed between January 2009 and June 2011.

Results. News coverage included more discrete protax than antitax arguments on average. Supportive arguments about the health consequences and financial benefits of SSB taxes appeared most often. The most frequent opposing arguments focused on how SSB taxes would hurt the economy and how they constituted inappropriate governmental intrusion.

Conclusions. News outlets that covered the debate on SSB taxes in their jurisdictions framed the issue in largely favorable ways. However, because these proposals have not gained passage, it is critical for SSB tax advocates to reach audiences not yet persuaded about the merits of this obesity prevention policy.
School-Based Obesity Policy, Social Capital, and Gender Differences in Weight Control Behaviors
Authors: Zhu Ling , Thomas Breanca
Published: April 2013

Objectives. We examined the associations among school-based obesity policies, social capital, and adolescents’ self-reported weight control behaviors, focusing on how the collective roles of community and adopted policies affect gender groups differently.

Methods. We estimated state-level ecologic models using 1-way random effects seemingly unrelated regressions derived from panel data for 43 states from 1991 to 2009, which we obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System. We used multiplicative interaction terms to assess how social capital moderates the effects of school-based obesity policies.

Results. School-based obesity policies in active communities were mixed in improving weight control behaviors. They increased both healthy and unhealthy weight control behaviors among boys but did not increase healthy weight control behaviors among girls.

Conclusions. Social capital is an important contextual factor that conditions policy effectiveness in large contexts. Heterogeneous behavioral responses are associated with both school-based obesity policies and social capital. Building social capital and developing policy programs to balance outcomes for both gender groups may be challenging in managing childhood obesity.
The Effect of Unexpected Bereavement on Mortality in Older Couples
Authors: Shah Sunil M. , Carey Iain M. , Harris Tess , DeWilde Stephen , Victor Christina R. , Cook Derek G.
Published: April 2013

Objectives. We sought to determine whether unexpected bereavement has a greater impact on mortality in the surviving partner than death of a partner with preexisting chronic disease or disability.

Methods. In a UK primary care database (The Health Improvement Network), we identified 171 720 couples aged 60 years and older. We compared the rise in mortality in the first year after bereavement in those whose partner died without recorded chronic disease (unexpected bereavement) to those whose deceased partner had a diagnosis of chronic disease (known morbidity).

Results. For unexpected bereavement (13.4% of all bereavements), the adjusted hazard ratio for death in the first year after bereavement was 1.61 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.39, 1.86) compared with 1.21 (95% CI = 1.14, 1.30) where the partner had known morbidity. Differences between bereaved groups were significant (P = .001) and present for both men and women.

Conclusions. Unexpected bereavement has a greater relative mortality impact than bereavement preceded by chronic disease. Our findings highlight the potential value of preparing individuals for the death of a spouse with known morbidity and providing extra support after bereavement for those experiencing sudden unexpected bereavement.
Socioeconomic Position and Factors Associated With Use of a Nonsupine Infant Sleep Position: Findings From the Canadian Maternity Experiences Survey
Authors: Smylie Janet , Fell Deshayne B. , Chalmers Beverley , Sauve Reg , Royle Catherine , Allan Billie , O’Campo Patricia ,   for the Maternity Experiences Study Group of the Canadian Perinatal Surveillance System
Published: April 2013

Objectives. With a focus on socioeconomic position, we examined the association between maternal education and nonsupine infant sleep position, and examined patterns of effect modification with additional sociodemographic, maternal, infant, and health services predictors.

Methods. Data were from the Maternity Experiences Survey, a national population-based sample of 76 178 new Canadian mothers (unweighted n = 6421) aged 15 years or older interviewed in 2006–2007. Using logistic regression, we developed multivariate models for 3 maternal education strata.

Results. Level of maternal education was significantly and inversely related to nonsupine infant sleep position. Stratified analyses revealed different predictive factors for nonsupine infant sleep position across strata of maternal education. Postpartum home visits were not associated with use of this sleep position among new mothers with less than high school completion. Adequacy of postpartum information regarding sudden infant death syndrome was not associated with nonsupine infant sleep position in any of the educational strata.

Conclusions. These findings suggest a need to revisit Back to Sleep health promotion strategies and to ensure that these interventions are tailored to match the information needs of all families, including mothers with lower levels of formal education.
Association Between Perceived Discrimination and Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Problem Behaviors Among Preadolescent Youths
Authors: Bogart Laura M. , Elliott Marc N. , Kanouse David E. , Klein David J. , Davies Susan L. , Cuccaro Paula M. , Banspach Stephen W. , Peskin Melissa F. , Schuster Mark A.
Published: April 2013

Objectives. We examined the contribution of perceived racial/ethnic discrimination to disparities in problem behaviors among preadolescent Black, Latino, and White youths.

Methods. We used cross-sectional data from Healthy Passages, a 3-community study of 5119 fifth graders and their parents from August 2004 through September 2006 in Birmingham, Alabama; Los Angeles County, California; and Houston, Texas. We used multivariate regressions to examine the relationships of perceived racial/ethnic discrimination and race/ethnicity to problem behaviors. We used values from these regressions to calculate the percentage of disparities in problem behaviors associated with the discrimination effect.

Results. In multivariate models, perceived discrimination was associated with greater problem behaviors among Black and Latino youths. Compared with Whites, Blacks were significantly more likely to report problem behaviors, whereas Latinos were significantly less likely (a “reverse disparity”). When we set Blacks’ and Latinos’ discrimination experiences to zero, the adjusted disparity between Blacks and Whites was reduced by an estimated one third to two thirds; the reverse adjusted disparity favoring Latinos widened by about one fifth to one half.

Conclusions. Eliminating discrimination could considerably reduce mental health issues, including problem behaviors, among Black and Latino youths.
Social Resistance Framework for Understanding High-Risk Behavior Among Nondominant Minorities: Preliminary Evidence
Authors: Factor Roni , Williams David R. , Kawachi Ichiro
Published: April 2013

Objectives. The recently developed social resistance framework addresses a widespread pattern in which members of some nondominant minorities tend to engage in various risky and unhealthy behaviors more than the majority group. This pilot study tested the core hypotheses derived from this innovative framework.

Methods. We conducted in 2011 a nationally representative Web-based survey of 200 members of a nondominant minority group (African Americans) and 200 members of a majority group (Whites).

Results. The preliminary findings supported the main premises of the framework and suggested that nondominant minorities who felt discriminated and alienated from society tended also to have higher levels of social resistance. Those with higher levels of social resistance also engaged more in risky and unhealthy behaviors—smoking, drinking, and nonuse of seat belts—than did those with lower levels of social resistance. These associations were not found in the majority group.

Conclusions. These preliminary results supported the framework and suggested that social resistance might play a meaningful role in risky and unhealthy behaviors of nondominant minorities, and should be taken into account when trying to reduce health disparities.
Catapulting the Chasm: Or How to Avoid Wasting a Perfectly Good Fiscal Disaster
Authors: Beitsch Leslie M. , Polyak Georgeen , Gold Marthe , Teutsch Steven , Baciu Alina
Published: April 2013

The nation once again is on the precipice of financial catastrophe, but have we overlooked public health? Juxtaposed against one another, the comparison of health care with public health—one largely overutilized, expensive, and underperforming, the other responsible for eradicating diseases and providing safe food and water—cries out for thoughtful fiscal recalibration. We have examined the recent Institute of Medicine report on public health financing and made actionable recommendations for sustainable public health financing.
Health Effects of Neighborhood Demolition and Housing Improvement: A Prospective Controlled Study of 2 Natural Experiments in Urban Renewal
Authors: Egan Matt , Katikireddi Srinivasa Vittal , Kearns Ade , Tannahill Carol , Kalacs Martins , Bond Lyndal
Published: April 2013

Objectives. We took advantage of a 2-intervention natural experiment to investigate the impacts of neighborhood demolition and housing improvement on adult residents’ mental and physical health.

Methods. We identified a longitudinal cohort (n = 1041, including intervention and control participants) by matching participants in 2 randomly sampled cross-sectional surveys conducted in 2006 and 2008 in 14 disadvantaged neighborhoods of Glasgow, United Kingdom. We measured residents’ self-reported health with Medical Outcomes Study Short Form Health Survey version 2 mean scores.

Results. After adjustment for potential confounders and baseline health, mean mental and physical health scores for residents living in partly demolished neighborhoods were similar to the control group (mental health, b = 2.49; 95% confidence interval [CI] = −1.25, 6.23; P = .185; physical health, b = −0.24; 95% CI = −2.96, 2.48; P = .859). Mean mental health scores for residents experiencing housing improvement were higher than in the control group (b = 2.41; 95% CI = 0.03, 4.80; P = .047); physical health scores were similar between groups (b = −0.66; 95% CI = −2.57, 1.25; P = .486).

Conclusions. Our findings suggest that housing improvement may lead to small, short-term mental health benefits. Physical deterioration and demolition of neighborhoods do not appear to adversely affect residents’ health.
The RE-AIM Framework: A Systematic Review of Use Over Time
Authors: Gaglio Bridget , Shoup Jo Ann , Glasgow Russell E.
Published: April 2013

We provided a synthesis of use, summarized key issues in applying, and highlighted exemplary applications in the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework. We articulated key RE-AIM criteria by reviewing the published literature from 1999 to 2010 in several databases to describe the application and reporting on various RE-AIM dimensions.

After excluding nonempirical articles, case studies, and commentaries, 71 articles were identified. The most frequent publications were on physical activity, obesity, and disease management. Four articles reported solely on 1 dimension compared with 44 articles that reported on all 5 dimensions of the framework.

RE-AIM was broadly applied, but several criteria were not reported consistently.
Psychopathology in Young People Experiencing Homelessness: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hodgson Kate J. , Shelton Katherine H. , van den Bree Marianne B. M. , Los Férenc J.
Published: April 2013

Understanding mental health issues faced by young homeless persons is instrumental to the development of successful targeted interventions. No systematic review of recent published literature on psychopathology in this group has been completed.

We conducted a systematic review of published research examining the prevalence of psychiatric problems among young homeless people. We examined the temporal relationship between homelessness and psychopathology. We collated 46 articles according to the PRISMA Statement.

All studies that used a full psychiatric assessment consistently reported a prevalence of any psychiatric disorder from 48% to 98%. Although there was a lack of longitudinal studies of the temporal relationship between psychiatric disorders and homelessness, findings suggested a reciprocal link. Supporting young people at risk for homelessness could reduce homelessness incidence and improve mental health.
Safety Barrier Analysis and Hazard Identification of Blowout Using Managed Pressure Drilling Compared with Conventional Drilling
Authors: Handal Arne , Øie Sondre
Published: April 2013

The majority of overbalanced drilling operations are still performed using conventional drilling. The trend indicates that managed pressure drilling systems are increasingly being introduced in regions where the operational pressure window of formations is restricted. DNV has during the last years noticed a considerable demand for third party evaluation of new upcoming managed pressure drilling systems. This paper discusses some of the challenges and advantages for managed pressure drilling compared with conventional drilling.

Many managed pressure drilling systems introduce critical equipment with the intention to enhance operational effectiveness and safety. At the same time the respective equipment is used to adapt the hydraulic pressure profile throughout the wellbore to manage the annular bottom-hole pressure within the formation pressure limits. A general description of the connection between safety critical equipment and the well barriers is discussed in this paper.

Safety barrier analysis and structured hazard identification of critical managed pressure drilling equipment related to well control have been performed. Well-known risk identification methods have been used to analyze common aspects related to Managed Pressure Drilling. Hopefully the analysis introduced in this paper will help the industry to decide when critical drilling equipment should be regarded as well barrier elements or not.

The results indicate that while managed pressure drilling systems have significant advantages both in terms of safety and productivity, risks related to implementation of safety critical equipment need to be managed through reliable and efficient control systems.
Short Text Messages to Motivate HIV Testing Among Men Who have Sex with Men: A Qualitative Study in Lima, Peru
Authors: Menacho Luis A , Blas Magaly M , Alva Isaac E , Roberto Orellana E
Published: April 2013

Objective:

The objective of this study is to identify features and content that short message service (SMS) should have in order to motivate HIV testing among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Lima, Peru.

Methods:

From October, 2010 to February, 2011, we conducted focus groups at two stages; six focus groups were conducted to explore and identify SMS content and features and two additional focus groups were conducted to tailor SMS content. The text messages were elaborated within the theoretical framework of the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills model and the Social Support Theory.

Results:

A total of 62 individuals participated in the focus groups. The mean age of participants was 28 years (range 18-39). We identified important features and content items needed for the successful delivery of text messages, including: a) the use of neutral and coded language; b) appropriate frequency and time of delivery; c) avoiding mass and repetitive messages; and d) use of short, concise and creative messages. Although in Peru receiving text messages is usually a free service, it is important to remind participants that receiving messages will be free of charge.

Conclusion:

Text messages can be used to promote HIV testing among Peruvian MSM. It is important to consider adequate frequency, message content and cost when delivering messages to promote HIV testing in this population.
The Influence of Incidental Similarity on Self-Revelation in Response to an Intimate Survey
Authors: Martin Angélique , Guéguen Nicolas
Published: April 2013

Because it has been found that people are more willing to help someone with whom they believe they have something in common (Burger, Messian, Patel, del Prado, & Anderson, 2004), we hypothesized that people would become less reluctant to respond to questions on intimate topics when
these questions were asked by an interviewer who shared an incidental similarity with the respondent. A male or a female confederate approached, respectively, female and male passers-by seeking their participation in a survey about sexual behavior, in which the questions became increasingly
intimate. At the beginning of the survey, the interviewer pointed out (similarity condition) or did not point out (no similarity condition) that he/she and the participant shared the same birth date. It was found that, compared with participants in the no similarity condition, participants
in the similarity condition responded to more questions.
The Influence of Psychological Contract and Organizational Commitment on Hospitality Employee Performance
Authors: Tsui Pei-Ling , Lin Yi-Shyuan , Yu Tung-Han
Published: April 2013

Our purpose in this study was to identify the determinants of employee performance at international hotels in Taiwan. We developed a comprehensible structural model consisting of 4 latent variables and 16 indicators, in order to build a complete and integrated picture of the relationships
among job satisfaction, psychological contract, organizational commitment, and job performance. Participants were 361 employees at chain international hotels in Taiwan. The results indicate that there is a significant indirect effect of job satisfaction on job performance which is mediated
by psychological contract and organizational commitment. Suggestions for researchers and practitioners in the field are provided.
Key Factors for Knowledge Management Implementation
Authors: Luo Shih-Hsiung , Lee Gwo-Guang
Published: April 2013

Although ethical climate, trust, satisfaction, and commitment are related to knowledge management (KM), there are at present few studies in which the way ethical climate affects KM through trust, satisfaction, and commitment has been emphasized. Our aim was to fill this research gap
by examining different ethical climates in this context. We found that principleoriented climates of company rules and procedures (CRP) and laws and professional codes (LPC) affected KM positively and directly, the benevolence-oriented climate of team interest (TI) influenced KM positively
but indirectly, and the effect of trust on commitment was indirect but fully mediated through satisfaction in TI and LPC. We used structural equation modeling for data analysis to map the relationships between KM practices and the key factors.
Geoinformation technologies in the process of terrain slope detection in the area of Fruska Gora with reference to potential development of slope processes
Authors: Badnjarevic Ivana , Govedarica Miro , Jovanovic Dusan , Pajic Vladimir , Ristic Aleksandar
Published: April 2013

This research aims to describe the analysis of geoinformation technologies
and systems and its usage in detection of terrain slope with reference to
timely detection and mapping sites with a high risk of slope movement and
activation of landslides. Special attention is referred to the remote sensing
technology and data acquisition. In addition to acquisition, data processing
is performed: the production of digital terrain model, calculating of the
vegetation index NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) based on
satellite image and analyses of pedology maps. The procedures of processing
the satellite images in order to identify locations of high risk of slope
processes are described. Several factors and identifiers are analyzed and
used as input values in automatic processing which is performed through a
unique algorithm. Research results are presented in raster format. The
direction of further research is briefly defined.
Strategic approach to waste management planning in the Republic of Serbia: Current situation and prospects
Authors: Filipovic Dejan , Obradovic-Arsic Danijela
Published: April 2013

For the last couple of years the Republic of Serbia adopted the basic
postulates of waste management compliant with EU experiences. Waste
management system involves a set of measures and activities aimed at waste
quantities reduction, its reuse, appropriate waste handling and hygienic
disposal of the remaining waste. All the mentioned processes, within the
waste management system, have been defined by strategic and planning
documents adopted at the state level. The strategic and planning documents
come from primary legislation and from a series of by-laws adopted in the
last three to four years. This paper provides a strategic approach to waste
management planning by way of the analysis of documents and policies and the
analysis of the current situation of municipal waste and special waste
streams management. Specific guidelines have been recommended i.e. the
prospects of waste management have been analyzed taking into account the
current level of development, on the one side, and the necessity of regarding
the standards and principles of sustainable waste management in accordance
with EU experiences, on the other side.
Hepcidin and iron metabolism disorders in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Jelic Marija , Cvetkovic Tatjana , Djordjevic Vidojko , Damnjanovic Goran , Vlahovic Predrag , Kocic Gordana , Djindjic Natasa , Jovovic Biljana , Antic Ana
Published: April 2013

Bacground/Aim. Hepcidin may play a pathogenetic role in iron metobolism
disorders. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between
hepcidin concentration and parameters of iron metabolism in patients with
different stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods. The study involved
104 patients with CKD: 64 on hemodialysis (HD) and 40 patients in
pre-dialysis stadium (pre-HD) with adequate erythropoetin therapy and iron
supplementation. The HD group was divided in four subgroups according to the
level of serum ferritin (up to 100; 100-199; 200-499 and over 500 ng/mL).
Parameters of anemia, iron status, inflamation and hepcidin level were
evaluated. Results. The HD patients had a significantly lower eritrocyte
count, erythrocytes indexes, hemoglobin and transferrin saturation and
significantly higher iron, ferritin, hepcidin and total iron binding
capacity (TIBC). The HD subgroups up to 199 ng/mL of serum feritin had lower
high-sensitivity Creactive protein (hsCRP), iron and higher unbuffered iron
binding capacity (UIBC), transferrin saturation and TIBC compared to the HD
subgroups over 200 ng/mL. The lowest and the highest ferritin subgroups had
the highest hepcidin level and it showed significant correlation with
ferritin. Conclusion. Hepcidin may serve as a marker for better diagnosing
and monitoring anemia and iron metabolism disorders in CKD.