bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementasi Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe STAD dalam Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPA Fisika
Authors: Mustari Mukarramah
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (Clasroom Action Research), yang meliputi perencanaan, tindakan, observasi dan refleksi. Tindakan dilakukan untuk meningkatkan aktivitas belajar, keterampilan sosial dan hasil belajar fisika melalui pengajaran dan pembelajaran melalui model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD dengan metode diskusi dan eksperimen yang dilangsanakan dalam tiga siklus. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMP Darul Arqam Gombara Makassar kelas VII Putri. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini dianalisis secara kualitatif dan didukung dengan analisis kuantitatif dengan menghitung rata-rata kelas, ketuntasan belajar individu dan ketuntasan belajar klasikal. Hasil analisis deskriptif dikelompokkan ke dalam kategori sangat rendah, rendah, sedang, tinggi, dan sangat tinggi, dengan mengacu pada tabel distribusi frekuensi. Pengambilan data penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan lembar pengamatan aktivitas peserta didik dan tes hasil belajar fisika. Dari hasil  penelitian ini diperoleh data bahwa, Aktivitas belajar peserta didik selama pengajaran dan pembelajaran melalui model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD dengan metode diskusi dan eksperimen berlangsung telah sesuai yang diharapkan, begitu pula dengan hasil belajar fisika peserta didik mengalami peningkatan  yakni rata-rata skor peserta didik pada siklus I 55,8, siklus II 66,5 dan siklus III 79,3. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan penerapan pengajaran dan pembelajaran melalui model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD dengan metode diskusi dan eksperimen dalam proses pembelajaran dapat meningkatkan aktivitas belajar dan hasil belajar fisika peserta didik kelas VII Putri SMP Darul Arqam Gombara Makassar.Kata Kunci: hasil belajar, model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD, PTK
Pengembangan Modul Pembelajaran Fisika SMA Terintegrasi Penanggulangan Bencana Tanah Longsor
Authors: Wati Widya
Published: April 2021

Wilayah Indonesia secara geologis dilalui oleh dua jalur pegunungan muda dunia yaitu Pegunungan Mediterania di sebelah barat dan Pegunungan Sirkum Pasifik di sebelah timur menyebabkan Indonesia banyak memiliki gunung api yang aktif dan rawan terjadi bencana. Oleh sebab itu diperlukan edukasi mitigasi bencana alam sejak dini. Edukasi mitigasi bencana alam dapat dilakukan dengan menintegrasikannya dalam pembelajaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan modul pembelajaran fisika yang terintegrasi penanggulangan bencana alam. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan dengan menggunakan model 4D. Tahapan yang dilakukan adalah define, design, dan develop. Pada tahap define dilakukan analisis kurikulum, analisis konsep dan analisis mitigasi bencana alam. Pada tahap design  dilakukan perancangan modul pembelajaran fisika. Tahap develop dilakukan pengembangan modul pembelajaran fisika SMA yang terintegrasi penanggulangan bencana alam tanah longsor. Hasil penelitian menghasilkan modul pembelajaran fisika yang dirancang untuk penanggulangan benaca alam tanah longsor.Kata Kunci: modul pembelajaran fisika, penanggulangan bencana, tanah longsor
The logic of the Qur'an in the Book al-Qistas al-Mustaqim by al-Ghazali
Authors: Nur Muhammad
Published: April 2021

In Islamic history, logic has been controversial. Some scholars forbid it, but others make it obligatory. This paper wants to describe how the logic built by the Quran is based on the contents of the book al-Qistas al-Mustaqi. This study is prominent in order to get a wider notion of logic in Islamic thought because by far the science of mantiq by many thinkers simply regarded as a copy of Greek logic. Moreover, to strengthen the relationship between philosophy and religion as well as to expand the fact that the Quran is rational. The main question to be answered is what is the logical form of the Quran in arguing in the book al-Qistas al-Mustaqim. In conclusion, it was found that the Quran already has principles in thinking. The Qur'an is not only a source of knowledge but also a parameter of knowledge. There are three parameters to weigh the Qur'an, namely ta'adul (equilibrium), talazum (equivalence), and ta'anud (contradiction). Anyone who intends to be safe in thinking should follow the way of thinking taught by the Qur'an. Those guidances are written by al-Ghazali in the book of al-Qistas al-Mustaqim as well as a refutation of the way argue from Ta'limiyah group.
Sufi Authority in “Post-Modern” Muslim Societies
Authors: Katkova Irina R.
Published: April 2021

While the beginning of the 21st century demonstrated the emergence of various distinctive styles of Sufism, the existing studies of Sufi practice and discourse in various countries across the world illustrate how social modern forms and techniques are now among the conditions of possibility for a great many movements that are concerned to extend the Islamic tradition, traditions of practice and piety. Yet, modern scholarship represents relatively little known area of Sufi leadership tradition as well as the role of shaykh as a mediating agent in Muslim societies. Fulfilling this scientific gap, this paper is aimed at examining the ways in which we could better understand the role of Sufi shaykh and the production of their authorities in post-modern Muslim societies. In doing so, the paper gives ample emphasis on theoretical discussion about tradition in mystical Islam, and about the ways in which such tradition gives influence to the mediating role played by a Sufi shaykh in society, with a particular case study of the Naqshbandiyah tradition in West Sumatra, Indonesia. This paper reveals the important dimension of traditions of how Sufi shaykhs practice the ideal of Prophet as spiritual masters, within the regional form of Islam, or as mediating shaykhs today, that enable Muslims to pursue a spiritual path within the conflicting situations and pressure of modern life.
Religious Contestation in Rural Area Cigugur Kuningan West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Aripudin Acep
Published: April 2021

Religious harmony has become a fundamental challenge in a pluralistic society like Indonesia. Although this diversity has in many ways created space for cooperation, interfaith contestation remains open and prone to conflict. This article discusses religious contestation in rural area Kuningan, West Java, between Muslims and Madraism. a local syncretic religious stream, on the one hand, and Catholicism on the other. The work is aimed at explaining why, and how the contestation occurs, and what is the impact of the contestation on social life. The research data obtained through observation and interviews with certain individuals who were selected through purposive non-random sampling technique. The study finds out that the competition began with differences in views between two local Islamic religious leaders, Muhammad Thohir and Muhammad Rais, which led to heretical assumptions about Muhammad Rais and his followers (Madraism) which was followed by pressure and intimidation. To “save” their religious beliefs, Madraists converted to Catholicism. However, the conversion is not complete as the followers are reluctant to get baptized because they still want to practice their old beliefs. Such conversion, thus, simply to protect themselves from external pressures.
Hasker’s Tri-Personal God vs. New Testament Theology
Authors: Tuggy Dale
Published: April 2021

Hasker’s “social” Trinity theory is subject to considerable philosophical problems (Section II). More importantly, the theory clashes with the clear New Testament teaching that the one God just is the Father alone (Section III). Further, in light of five undeniable facts about the New Testament texts, we can know that the authors of the New Testament thought that the only God was just the Father himself, not the Trinity (Section IV). Hasker can neither deny these facts nor defeat the strong evidence they provide that in affirming a triune God in the late 4th century, catholic tradition departed from apostolic teaching about the one God (Section V).
The Trinity and the New Testament – a Counter-Challenge to Dale Tuggy
Authors: Hasker William
Published: April 2021

Dale Tuggy argues that my trinitarian views are in conflict with the theology of the New Testament; the New Testament, rather, is unitarian.  I show several flaws in this argument, and point out the New Testament evidence that eventually led to the formulation of the doctrine of the Trinity.
APRENDIZAGEM BASEADA EM PROJETOS POR MEIO DE TEXTOS DE DIVULGAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA
Authors: Godoi Viviane , Cianni Juliana , Almeida Bruna , Santos Carlos Alberto Moreira , Pereira Marco Antonio Carvalho
Published: April 2021

A Aprendizagem Baseada em Projetos consiste em uma estratégia de aprendizagem ativa com o intuito do desenvolvimento de competências técnicas e socioemocionais nos alunos, partindo de questões reais. Desta forma, a presente pesquisa buscou responder a seguinte pergunta: Poderia a ABP contribuir com a aprendizagem dos conteúdos de Ciências? A aplicação foi feita em oito etapas durante quatro semanas, com 22 alunos do 7º ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola pública do município de Guaratinguetá, SP, divididos em quatro equipes. As equipes deveriam construir materiais didático-lúdicos a partir de textos de divulgação científica, como forma de contribuir para o processo de ensino e aprendizagem do tema: “Ecologia”. Como resultado, foram desenvolvidos cinco produtos, já que uma das equipes desenvolveu dois produtos: jornal impresso, vídeo, maquete, jogos e cartilha informativa.  Durante o projeto, foi possível observar o desenvolvimento de competências técnicas e socioemocionais, destacando-se criatividade, autonomia e trabalho em equipe.
A REVITALIZAÇÃO DA FEITURA CERÂMICA GUARANI-MBYÁ NA TEKOA MBOY-Y-TY: UMA VIA DE REDESCOBRIMENTO E REAFIRMAÇÃO DO SEU ETHOS IDENTITÁRIO
Authors: Alonso Franklin da Silva
Published: April 2021

Durante toda nossa história nacional, sempre houve a interação sociocultural sistemática entre indígenas e a comunidade não-índia, muitas vezes criando a falsa noção de superioridade de uma sobre a outra. Daí, objetivei buscar a retomada das obras de barro Guarani-Mbyá na aldeia Mboy-y-ty pela metodologia de uma pesquisa-ação atuante junto às suas crianças, pois no Brasil (desde o século XVI) tal ação artística vem sendo desmobilizada pelo colonizador europeu e seus descendentes, nutrindo no senso comum uma ideia de enfraquecimento estético agregado às realizações concretas nativas. No decorrer desse escrito, perceber-se-á que os resultados obtidos nas oficinas cerâmicas com tais crianças hão de contradizer a mitologia escrita pela ótica etnocêntrica de sua fragilidade na formação cultural de nosso país, concluindo que o índio é sim um verdadeiro protagonista histórico, indivíduo altamente contribuinte para a estruturação de nossa sociedade.
REFORMA DO ESTADO E A LEGITIMAÇÃO DO SETOR NÃO EXCLUSIVO NA EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Pereira Taisa Carla , Souza Zanardini Isaura Monica
Published: April 2021

Este trabalho é um recorte da dissertação de mestrado na qual tivemos o objetivo de demonstrar de que forma a legitimação do setor não exclusivo do Estado tem sido foco das orientações de organismos internacionais. Neste artigo apresentamos fragmentos de documentos que demonstraram que a política educacional brasileira vem sofrendo influências externas e internas. Tais pressões objetivam disseminar argumentos de ineficiência do Estado no que diz respeito a educação brasileira. Os estudos deixaram em evidência que a necessidade de reforma do estado tem sido orientada pelos Organismos Internacionais em diferentes documentos e posteriormente demonstraram ter sido incorporadas às políticas educacionais por meio das parcerias público-privadas. Tal estudo possibilitou uma reflexão necessária sobre as implicações decorrentes dessas parcerias para a política educacional.
JOHN LOCKE: UM LIBERAL E SUAS CONTRIBUIÇÕES PARA O PENSAMENTO EDUCACIONAL DE SUA ÉPOCA
Authors: Silva Lucy Gabrielli Bonifácio
Published: April 2021

O presente texto tem por objetivo construir um diálogo entre o pensamento liberal do autor inglês John Locke (1632-1704) e suas contribuições para a concepção educacional da época. Consensualmente citado como “pai do liberalismo”, Locke sagrou-se como estudioso de diversos campos do conhecimento humano, como o político, o social e o educacional. Para além de um pensador, participou ativamente dos conflitos políticos de seu país, concedendo sustentação teórico-filosófica para a formação de um Estado liberal, produzindo obras que versam, numa interpretação sucinta, sobre o entendimento humano, os direitos dos homens e sua relação com o Estado, e ainda sobre a educação do homem como pressuposto para alcançar a razão e a emancipação para a liberdade. Dessa forma, à luz das ideias de Locke, ressaltou-se a inovação de seu pensamento educacional frente ao contexto histórico da época, associando referências de sua obra “Alguns pensamentos sobre a educação” (1693) com os ideais liberais defendidos pelo autor.
Becoming by Returning Home in The Wondrous Woo
Authors: Tao Yiwen
Published: April 2021

In Carrianne K. Y. Leung’s novel The Wondrous Woo, the 1.5 generation – those who were born elsewhere but came to Canada at an early age – represent the challenge of becoming through returning “home.” The uneasy marriage of becoming and homecoming that runs through the novel is decisively realistic. Woo blends elements of magic with realism only to reject romanticized rhetoric and advocate for the urgency of truth-telling and social empowerment. By juxtaposing different stories of becoming with various forms of homeward struggles, the novel gives expression to the transgenerational traumas and challenges that beset the 1.5 generation in the depths of their “homelessness.” In part, this challenge surrounding their becoming is a social one. Through its themes of homelessness, self-parenting, and mental illness, the novel details the struggles of Chinese immigrant families as they are handicapped by a lack of social knowledge. Unfolding around the efforts of the Woo children to transcend their immigrant backgrounds and negotiate empowerment and flourishing away from hostile social forces, the novel ends on a note of hope, suggesting that the hardships that the 1.5 generation endure can lead to a rich and fulfilling life. I will discuss the notions of home and belonging in the novel by bringing Martin Buber’s I and Thou and Kantian ethics in tandem, arguing that wherever an I-Thou bond develops, the formula of humanity is guarded, and home becomes possible.
Chemical Recycling of Polystyrene with Tertiary Amine Switchable Hydrophilicity Solvents
Authors: Churaman Amelia , Jansen van Vuuren Ross
Published: April 2021

Nearly 40 metric tonnes of expanded polystyrene (XPS) waste is collected through Kingston’s curbside recycling program annually before being outsourced to companies with the means to recycle it. However, transporting XPS foam products is not economically viable. Therefore, a significant challenge is finding an efficient way to reduce the volume of the XPS foam prior to transportation since it has a very low density, consisting of up to 98% air. Currently, XPS products are compacted physically which requires the use of expensive compactors and energy-intensive compression processes. In 2011, Jessop et al. demonstrated that N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine (DMCHA), a solvent with relatively low toxicity and volatility, can be used to recycle XPS using a greener approach. DMCHA is relatively hydrophobic under neutral conditions (e.g., in water), but becomes more hydrophilic when exposed to carbonated water (CO2 dissolves in water, forming carbonic acid which protonates the DMCHA). I have worked on optimizing this process via the following steps. Firstly, the XPS is dissolved in a small volume of DMCHA in its hydrophobic, neutral form. Then, the PS-DMCHA mixture is added to carbonated water causing the DMCHA to become hydrophilic and to dissolve in the aqueous solution, resulting in a layer of PS on the surface. The PS can then be easily collected and air-dried. By adding a 30 wt.% PS/DMCHA solution to carbonated water at 60oC, I have been able to achieve a typical purity of 95 wt.% of the final XPS (i.e., 5 wt% of DMCHA remains in the XPS), determined by 1H NMR.
Raising a Pacific Anti-Nuclear Consciousness in Canada
Authors: Aguiar Julia
Published: April 2021

The capability to enact devastation that defied borders of the nation-state begged larger ethical and existential questions of nuclear power. Iterations of these moral questions found a place at the epicentre of the anti-nuclear movement in Canada from the 1950s-1990s. The South Pacific People’s Foundation (SPPF) was established in 1975 in Victoria, British Columbia in response to the growing presence of nuclear violence in the Pacific world. It propagated tenets of Indigenous sovereignty, solidarity, anti-colonialism, and peace within the Pacific. While anti-nuclear activism was already well established in Canada, it was limited in its focus on the potential threat that nuclear power posed to Canadians and neglected to confront Canadian participation in nuclear testing throughout the world. In 1982, the SPPF began publishing the journal Tok Blong (talk belongs). This paper argues that the SPPF brought an acutely Pacific perspective to the anti-nuclear movement in Canada as demonstrated through their work in Tok Blong. Particular attention is given to the SPPF’s coverage of Canadian shelling of the sacred Hawaiian island, Kaho’olawe, and representations of the Nuclear Free and Independent Pacific movement. The paper is situated within post-colonial scholarship on Kaho’olawe as well as secondary literature on the anti-nuclear movement within Canada drawing particular parallels with the movement to make Canada a Nuclear-Weapon-Free-Zone. The paper will disrupt the associations of youth, whiteness, and Canadian passivity that often get assigned to anti-nuclear activism in Canada and counterculture more broadly.
Blitzkrieg – An Army Fueled by Drugs
Authors: Heckert Xavier
Published: April 2021

Pervitin is a drug developed in Nazi Germany by the pharmaceutical company Temmler, before the start of World War II. Originally sold without prescription to the population, it was claimed to suppress fatigue, make one more alert, reduce hunger, and help fight depression. The main ingredient of this wonder drug was methamphetamine, the primary component of what we now call crystal meth. This miracle drug’s effectiveness against fatigue caught the attention of the director of the Research Institute of Defense Physiology of the German forces, Dr. Otto Ranke, who considered that fatigue was enemy number one of a soldier during battle. An order of thirty five million Pervitin tablets were purchased for the Wehrmacht’s invasion of France in May 1940 to increase effectivity of the campaign that relied especially on speed for success. History will claim that the use of mobile warfare over positional warfare with Germany’s motorized army, French high command mistakes, and an equipment disadvantage led to the ultimate defeat. My research aims to show that Pervitin was a crucial factor in the iron force of the blitzkrieg by the Wehrmacht and Luftwaffe, and that it did not as much come from its tactics, inferiority of the Allies, and employment of mobile warfare but from an army that was blitzed on Pervitin to turn it into a steamroller of a machine that could not be stopped, day or night.
Tyrosine-protein kinase Src regulates Kv1.5 channel activity and membrane expression through interaction with the N-terminus of the channel
Authors: Dodd Taylore , Wang Tingzhong , Zhang Shetuan
Published: April 2021

Kv1.5 is a voltage-gated potassium channel that generates the ultra-rapid delayed rectifier potassium current (IKur) important in the repolarization of the atrial action potential. Malfunction of the Kv1.5 channel often results in atrial fibrillation (AFib). A reduction in Kv1.5 current (IKv1.5) occurs upon activation of the endogenous tyrosine-protein kinase Src. The Src SH3 domain binds to proline-rich motifs located within the N-terminus of Kv1.5. Disruption of these binding motifs has been involved in the development of familial AFib. The mechanism underlying the reduction of IKv1.5 upon Src activation has not yet been established and the relationship between Kv1.5 and Src is poorly understood. Therefore, the present study aims to further elucidate the mechanism behind IKv1.5  reduction. The hypothesis that Src regulates Kv1.5 activity by altering the density of mature membrane-localized channels was tested using whole-cell voltage clamp and Western blot analysis. We demonstrate that Src tonically inhibits Kv1.5 activity and decreases the density of mature membrane-localized channels. Kv1.5 channels possessing mutations within the Src binding motifs were also investigated and it was determined that each binding motif contributes to the Kv1.5-Src relationship, however, the binding of Src to an individual motif is sufficiently effective. Our findings indicate that Src regulates Kv1.5 through an interaction with the N-terminal binding motifs and suggests that the inhibition of forward trafficking may be involved in the underlying mechanism. (Supported by the Heart and Stroke foundation of Canada and The Canadian Institutes of Health Research).
Investigating the toxicity of naphthenic acid fraction components from oil sands process-affected water to developing fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas)
Authors: Jackson Brianna
Published: April 2021

The extraction of bitumen from Alberta’s oil sands region generates large volumes of oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) that is stored in tailings ponds. Toxic constituents present in OSPW such as naphthenic acid fraction components (NAFCs) can cause adverse effects to aquatic life. Recent research has focused on the toxicity of NAFCs to highly vulnerable early life stages of fish. Here we examined the embryotoxicity of NAFCs (0-54 mg/L) extracted from OSPW to native fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) from 1-day post-fertilization to hatch in a semi-natural setting at Queen’s University’s Biological Station. Embryo heart rate, mortality, prevalence and severity of malformations at hatch, post-hatch mass, and basal activity at hatch was examined. Embryo heart rates declined with increasing NAFC concentration, preceding pronounced exposure-response patterns of mortality and non-viable hatches. Visible malformations included cardiovascular (pericardial edema; present in 81.51% of non-viable hatches), craniofacial (reduced jaw and head size; 68.96%), myoskeletal (spinal curvatures; 60.90%), and peritoneal (yolk sac edema; 26.44%) malformations, that significantly increased in severity with increasing NAFC concentration. Fish that survived lethal concentrations displayed evidence of nervous system impairment including elevated patterns of erratic twitching. Post-hatch mass generally increased with increasing NAFC exposure, potentially as a compensatory-like response. Results of this work are the first to be reported in a semi-natural exposure setting and provide important toxicological information that will aid future policy directives for the management of OSPW in Alberta, Canada.
Identifying the repellent genes in Cannabis (C. sativa) through CRISPR screening. The hidden use of Marijuana
Authors: Lambert Ambre , Lee Shanwa , Miller Rachel
Published: April 2021

Chemical pesticides have caused numerous deaths of people, animals, and plants. As a result, alternative pesticides which are health beneficial and ecological are needed. Cannabis sativa,​ known for its psychoactive effects, can be the solution to this problem. It has excellent repellent characteristics as seen through its use as a companion plant, as well as in-vitro studies. However it has its drawbacks due its controversial nature and lack of research. To solve this problem, our paper aims to locate the non-vital genes in ​C.sativa that cause its repellent effects (R-genes) through CRISPR screening. To optimally identify the R-genes, the random knocked out genes of ​C.sativa were compared to the percentage of alive root-knot nematodes (​M.incognita​) in the plant’s soil. In our experiment, four plants were established per sample: Plant A which is a normal ​Cannabis sativa​, Plant B which is a normal ​Cannabis sativa being infected by ​M.incognita,​ Plant C which is a genetically modified ​Cannabis sativa​, and Plant D which is the same as Plant C except it is being infected by ​M.incognita.​ Then the percentage of alive nematodes will be compared in Plant B and D to identify the R genes. The discovery of R-genes is important as it can be used to discover a new class of repellent molecules. They can also be inserted into crops or household plants, giving them ​Cannabis sativa​’s repellent effects, and benefiting agricultural and health fields.
It’s a date! But why are men still expected to pick up the check?
Authors: Nannsen Ines
Published: April 2021

After years of treacherous efforts to break out of traditional gender roles, one seems to remain across different ages, education levels, and income groups. 82% of men and 58% of women, agree that men should pay for common expenses. Additionally, two-fifths of women reported being bothered if the man didn’t offer to pick up the tab.  If we expect gender equality in all other aspects of society, how come “dating” is immune to the concept?

In this study, the underlying preferences for partner selection are explored, exploring the evolutionary drive to find a mate who is financially stable and can provide security for a future offspring. Sexual selection has evolved over generations and led to psychological mechanisms used to assess the viability of a mate in order to increase reproductive success. This study shows that, ancestral women evolved to select men that show signs of power, status and stability to ensure that he can provide for their offspring in the future; what to cavewomen was prey from a hunt, to the modern woman is a credit card. While this might be considered a regression of equality, the evolutionary psychology of mating selection can explain how this display of economic stability and power, attracts the female.

Thanks to ancestral women’s mating choices and sexual selection, it seems as though chivalry is not dead, after all.
Application of SCS-Curve Number Method to estimate Runoff using GIS for Gali-Bandawa Watershed
Authors: Ibrahim Sayran A. , Klari Zahraa M.
Published: April 2021

In any hydrologic study, the most important parameter is the runoff which is necessary for designing any hydraulic structure, and for determining the risk of flood. As there is a scare in the availability of runoff data in many sites, hydrologists have developed indirect methods to determine the runoff to accelerate the program of watershed management for conserving and developing water resources management. Many methods are used to estimate the runoff; Soil conservation curve number (SCS-CN) method is widely used and gives a reliable result compared with other methods. The present study aims to calculate the surface runoff depth depending on the SCS-CN method using a Geographic information system (GIS). For this Gali-Bandawa watershed in Duhok, north of Iraq has been selected, the geographical area of this watershed is about 92Km2 and the average annual rainfall is around 620mm, the weighted CN is 76. The results show that the depth of annual average runoff for the Gali-Bandawa watershed is 70mm, and the average volume of runoff from the same watershed is 6470360 m3. The amount of runoff represents 11.4% of the total annual rainfall. This approach could be applied in other Iraqi's watersheds for the planning of various conservation measures.
Using Robust Ridge Regression Diagnostic Method to Handle Multicollinearity Caused High Leverage Points
Authors: Pati Kafi Dano
Published: April 2021

Statistics practitioners have been depending on the ordinary least squares (OLS) method in the linear regression model for generation because of its optimal properties and simplicity of calculation. However, the OLS estimators can be strongly affected by the existence of multicollinearity which is a near linear dependency between two or more independent variables in the regression model. Even though in the presence of multicollinearity the OLS estimate still remained unbiased, they will be inaccurate prediction about the dependent variable with the inflated standard errors of the estimated parameter coefficient of the regression model. It is now evident that the existence of high leverage points which are the outliers in x-direction are the prime factor of collinearity influential observations. In this paper, we proposed some alternative to regression methods for estimating the regression parameter coefficient in the presence of multiple high leverage points which cause the multicollinearity problem. This procedure utilized the ordinary least squares estimates of the parameter as the initial followed by an estimate of the ridge regression. We incorporated the Least Trimmed Squares (LTS) robust regression estimate to down weight the effects of multiple high leverage points which lead to the reduction of the effects of multicollinearity. The result seemed to suggest that the RLTS give a substantial improvement over the Ridge Regression.
Antagonistic Potential of Dairy Origin Enterococcus faecium Against Multidrug-Resistant Foodborne Pathogens
Authors:   Department of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan, WAHEED SANA , RASOOL MUHAMMAD HIDAYAT , ASLAM BILAL , MUZAMMIL SAIMA , WASEEM MUHAMMAD , SHAHID MUHAMMAD , SAQIB MUHAMMAD , HAYAT SUMREEN , NAEEM MUHAMMAD , TAJ ZEESHAN , KABIR SABA , SAQALEIN MUHAMMAD , NISAR MUHAMMAD ATIF , KHURSHID MOHSIN
Published: April 2021

Probiotic potential of Enterococcus spp. is widely investigated around the globe. The biochemically and molecular characterized E. faecium strains isolated from Dahi (continental yogurt) were evaluated to tolerate simulated gastric environment, bile, sodium chloride, temperature, and pH. The safety was assessed by disc diffusion, broth microdilution, antibiotic resistance genes screening, and hemolytic ability. Enterococci survived simulated gastrointestinal conditions and depicted growth at temperature (15 to ≥42°C), pH (≤2.5 to ≥9.5), 0.3% bile salt and 3% NaCl. All strains were sensitive to ampicillin, vancomycin, kanamycin, gentamicin, streptomycin, tetracycline and ciprofloxacin and harbored vanR, vanX, qnrB2, qnrS, tetK, and tetW resistance genes. E. faecium strains inhibited the E. coli (85%) and S. Typhi (50%) whereas the 10% cell-free culture supernatant (CFCS) of E. faecium halted the growth of E. coli while 15% CFCS completely suppressed S. Typhi. The cell-free culture supernatant retained antibacterial nature after pH and proteinase K treatment, however, it lost activity after heat treatment (≥95°C). The genetic screening revealed that all isolates are capable to produce putrescine biogenic amine. Further assessment of strains for lack of infectivity, cytotoxicity in animals, adhesion to Caco-2 cells and characterization of enterocins is essential to conclude the probiotic potential of these strains.
Ex situ preservation in medium-term culture of the threathened taxon Dianthus nardiformis Janka
Authors:   Institute of Biology, Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania, HOLOBIUC IRINA , CATANĂ RODICA ,   Institute of Biology, Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania, HELEPCIUC FLORENȚA ,   Institute of Biology, Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania, MAXIMILIAN CARMEN ,   Institute of Biology, Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania, MITOI MONICA ,   Institute of Biology, Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania, COGĂLNICEANU GINA ,   Institute of Biology, Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
Published: April 2021

Our aim was to elaborate an efficient and reproducible protocol for medium-term culture of the threatened taxon Dianthus nardiformis. To reduce the growth, sucrose, mannitol, polyethylene glycol, Abscisic acid and Jasmonic acid were tested. For assessing the in vitro response, the growth and regeneration were registered after different time intervals. Mannitol is the most effective for medium-term preservation viable cultures which can be maintained unlimited time through transfer at every 3 months. In its presence, somatic embryogenesis was induced and in vitro growth in the minimal cultures was reduced between 9 and 12 times comparing to the control. Antioxidant enzymes assay revealed qualitative and quantitative differences among the experimental variants, and also between different concentrations of the same compound in correlation with the growth reduction and regeneration. POX was the most suitable to detect the efficiency of different treatments to induce medium-term cultures.
Study on the production and use of biomass energy in the Timis County
Authors:   University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Mihai I of Romania” from Timisoara, 119 Calea Aradului, 300645, Timisoara, Romania, BACĂU CRISTINA , MATEOC-SÎRB NICOLETA , CIOLAC RAMONA , MATEOC TEODOR , TEODORESCU RAZVAN IONUT , TABĂRĂ VALERIU
Published: April 2021

The use of renewable energy resources is gaining more and more ground, thanks to the continuous increase in the price of fossil energy and the decrease in stocks, and the management of waste from nuclear energy production, respectively. The implementation of an energy strategy to harness the potential of renewable energy sources (RES) is part of the coordinates of Romania’s medium – and long-term energy development and provides the appropriate framework for the making of decisions on energy alternatives and the inclusion in the Community acquis in the field. In this respect, a study on the biomass potential of Timiş County and on the possibilities of producing unconventional energy from biomass has been carried out. The study is based on research, data collection from the literature, as well as from official documents or official websites, the processing and interpretation of the data and their quantitative and qualitative analysis. It was concluded that biomass is a promising renewable energy source for Romania, both in terms of potential and in terms of usability.
The Romanian Version of Health-Related Quality of Life Questionnaire 12 for Chronic Otitis Media. The Socio-Economic Status Impact Significance
Authors:   Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, MANIU ALMA AURELIA , FLETAN CRISTIAN , BUDU VLAD ANDREI , NECULA VIOLETA
Published: April 2021

Objective: Our primary objective was to translate and validate Chronic Otitis Media (COM) Questionnaire-12 (COMQ-12) in Romanian. The secondary objective was to investigate the effect of the socioeconomic status on the preoperative COMQ-12 scores in individuals with a similar stage of disease. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Patients diagnosed with different stages of (COM) with cholesteatoma, scheduled for the first surgery, filled in the Romanian translated version of the COMQ-12. The patients were divided according to the stage of the disease and the environment of origin: rural versus urban areas. Results: The internal consistency of the Romanian COMQ-12 proved excellent, with a Cronbach’s alpha equal to 0.959. The correlation of the 24 randomly split-half reliability analysis varied from 0.904 to 0.917, with a mean of 0.908. Significantly higher COMQ-12 scores are obtained by patients from urban (mean = 42.14, SD =9.04) as compared to those from rural (mean = 30.44, SD = 5.88) only for those with stage III disease (P-value=0.0292). Conclusions: Romanian version of COMQ-12 proved to be a valid instrument that can be use in clinical practice to provide suitable information in COM patients, which contributes to the development of an international common otology dataset. Patients from rural areas tend to disregard their symptoms, being more predisposed to potential complications related to COM rather than urban patients at the same stage of the disease.
Effect of Essential Oils and Hydrosols from Some Selected Lamiaceae Species on Redroot Pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.)
Authors:   Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Van/ TURKEY, ÖZKAN REYYAN YERGİN , TUNÇTÜRK MURAT
Published: April 2021

Allelopathy refers to chemical effect of a plant direct or indirect on germination, growth or development of neighboring plants. Allelopathy can be considered as a component of biological control that reduces the development of other plants. This study was carried out to determine the effect of Greek sage (Salvia fruticosa Miller), basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), Dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.), spearmint (Menta spicata L.), sage (Salvia officinalis L.), lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.), oregano (Origanum onites L.) and thyme (Thymus kotschyanus Boiss.) on the germination of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) which causes significant yield loss in agricultural production. Essential oil (9, 18, 36 µL/petri) and hydrosols (50, 75, 100%) of aromatic plants were applied to determine their inhibition effects on seed germination of A. retroflexus. The experimental design for in vitro was a randomized design with five replications. It has been shown that germination rate was decreasing by the increased concentration of essential oil and hydrosols of the tested plant species. Also, total germination inhibition of A. retroflexus depended on the essential oil doses; the rate ranged from-2.9 to 85%. Amongst the essential oils, the highest effect was observed in spearmint with 7% germination rate. It could be considered as an important solution, which would contribute in Integrated Weed Management of A. retroflexus by using different concentrations of essential oil and hydrosols from aromatic plants.
Determination of the protective effect of shark cartilage and shark liver oil (SLO) on colon cancer by using experimental DMH
Authors:   Afyon Kocatepe University, Veterinary Faculty, Medical Biology and Genetics Dep., ANS Campus Gazlıgol Road 03200, Afyon, Turkey, DOSAY-AKBULUT MİNE , AKGÜL ELVAN ,   Afyon Kocatepe University, Dinar Scholl of Applied Sciences, Afyon, Turkey, BOZKURT FATİH ,   Afyon Kocatepe University, Veterinary Faculty, Pathology Dep., Afyon, Turkey
Published: April 2021

Objectives: It is a known fact that cancer is one of the biggest health problems. There are many different alternative products that are preferred for use among cancer patients. Our study is based on shark cartilage and liver oil as alternative products within alternative treatment (CAM) due to low incidence of cancer in sharks. Method: With this study; it was aimed to search the toxic effects of DMH on colon, SC and SLO ‘s conservative effects against these toxic and carcinogic effects. 40 rats have been classified as follows: 40 DMH group: 4; control group – 6; given DMH but not cured group – 15; given DMH and cured with SC group – 15; given DMH and cured with SLO group. Results and Conclusion: The negative effects of DMH on biochemical, genetic, and pathological were observed in rat column; The treatment of SLO and SC against to colon cancer is thought to be associated with damage and regression of tumor cells. When we look at the numerical results, it can be said that SC is more successful and effective in correcting the effect of DMH. It can be said that our experimental model provides the desired aim and success in this direction.
Production, purification and immobilization of inulinases from Aspergillius species
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, National Institute for Chemical-Pharmaceutical Research and Development-ICCF, Bucharest, Romania, EREMIA MIHAELA CARMEN , PETRESCU MARIA-MONICA ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, National Institute for Chemical-Pharmaceutical Research and Development-ICCF, Bucharest, Romania
Published: April 2021

Inulinases are enzymes catalysing hydrolysis of polyfructosans to produce fructose or fructooligosaccharides; these properties have attracted interest of many researchers towards exploring various plant sources (agro food waste) as substrates. According to the literature, various microorganisms, such as fungi, yeast, bacteria, and actinomycetes, can synthesize inulinase. Producer microorganisms can be the micromycetes Aspergillus, Penicillium, Rhizopus and Fusarium, the yeast Kluyveromyces and the bacteria Clostridium thermosuccinogenes and Bacillus subtilis, using inulin, sucrose, fructose, lactose, raffinose, xylose as sources of carbon. The present study mainly envisages inulinase produced by Aspergillius species grown on a fermentation medium based on different carbon sources (inulin and agro-alimentary by-products). The crude extract was purified by fractional precipitation with ammonium sulphate. The dissolved and dialyzed precipitate was further purified by ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex. The experiments led to the obtaining of an inulinase with a specific activity of 43.34 U/mg proteins. Inulinase immobilization tests on chitosan beads have led to a stable biocatalyst at temperature and pH variations that could be useful for obtaining fructose syrup.
Associação de SARS-COV-2 com a doença de Kawasaki
Authors: Lessa Amanda Rodrigues , Auer Ana Carolina Rocha , De Freitas Emmyli Nunes , Lessa Guilherme Rodrigues , E Silva Igor Lobato de Assis Paula , Schunk Rhainer Victor Simmer , Schunk Rhaiane Evelyn Simmer , Filho Waltair Mota , Prates Leonardo Soares
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: Esta revisão bibliográfica buscou estabelecer uma associação entre a Doença de Kawasaki e a Covid-19 em crianças por meio das melhores evidências científicas até o momento sobre o assunto. Revisão bibliográfica: A Doença de Kawasaki (DK) é uma vasculite aguda, autolimitada e multissistêmica, podendo acometer vários órgãos, sendo o comprometimento cardíaco o mais significativo. Também é a causa mais comum de doença cardíaca adquirida em crianças em países desenvolvidos. Recentemente, relatos têm descrito uma associação, concordante com literaturas de base, entre DK e resposta hiper inflamatória da COVID-19 com acometimento multissistêmico, mas com uma média de idade superior em comparação com a DK clássica. Visto que os critérios diagnósticos para DK não fecham, alguns autores sugeriram a Síndrome Inflamatória Multissistêmica em Crianças (SIM-C) como a mais provável na associação à Covid-19. Considerações finais: Entende-se, portanto, que há necessidade de um tempo maior de observação epidemiológica da Covid-19 a fim de que se possa firmar uma associação entre ela e a doença de Kawasaki.
Impactos na qualidade de vida dos pacientes pós transplante hepático
Authors: Da Silva Glenda Stephanie Araújo , E Castro Bianca Martins da Costa , Franco Caio César da Costa , Escher Diego Rodrigues , Franco Lucas da Costa , Tannús Lucas Martins dos Santos , Linhares Marcela Mapa , Da Costa Maria Eduarda Moreira Martins , Cruz Paulo Henrique Oliveira Van Der Maas , Corrêa Wagner Pablo
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: Este artigo buscou realizar uma revisão da literatura abordando como o transplante hepático pode influenciar de maneira significativa na qualidade de vida (QV) dos pacientes acometidos por doenças hepáticas. Revisão bibliográfica: Diversos elementos podem afetar a QV de pacientes transplantados, como a idade, o uso de imunossupressores e complicações pós-operatórias, como a síndrome metabólica e repercussões cardiovasculares. Trabalhos apontam que a QV melhora significativamente após o transplante de fígado (TF), em todas as idades, produzindo melhorias no bem-estar físico, proporcionando menor restrição nas atividades sociais e de lazer. Embora os pacientes que recebem TF apresentem melhorias na QV, muitos relatam dificuldades de retornar ao trabalho, lidar com sintomas abdominais, sistêmicos e fadiga, desenvolvimento de hipertensão, diabetes, hiperlipidemia, ansiedade e depressão. Considerações finais: Dessa forma, faz-se necessário o acompanhamento dos pacientes por uma equipe de saúde multidisciplinar para que o transplantado seja assistido durante todo o processo, aumentando assim, a sobrevida, e consequentemente promovendo uma melhoria no bem-estar.
A importância do exame preventivo na detecção precoce do câncer de colo uterino: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Morais Isabela da Silva Mota , Rêgo Jaqueline da Silva , Reis Larissa Alves , Moura Thaís Gomes
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: A compreensão do que é o câncer do colo do útero, diagnóstico, tratamento e prevenção, bem como descrever a importância do enfermeiro na efetuação do exame preventivo e elucidar a importância da realização do exame preventivo na detecção precoce do CCU. Métodos: A metodologia utilizada caracteriza-se pela revisão bibliográfica, realizada a partir de seleção de artigos científicos publicados na SciELO e em Revistas de Enfermagem, abordando a importância do exame preventivo na detecção precoce do câncer do colo do útero. Resultados: De acordo com a revisão bibliográfica observou-se que 80% das mulheres entrevistadas não detinham conhecimento sobre a finalidade do exame, a falta da detecção precoce acarreta no diagnóstico e tratamento tardio, contribuindo para o número de casos de mortes por esta neoplasia. O Papanicolau é o exame preventivo do câncer do colo do útero, o seu propósito é detectar lesões precoces, tornando possível o diagnóstico na fase inicial, antes do seu avanço e da aparição de sintomas da neoplasia. Considerações Finais: Conforme a pesquisa, sugere-se serem desenvolvidas as ações buscando estratégias para alcançar as mulheres de maneira geral, fortalecendo a temática de prevenção.
Elaboração e validação de manual para técnicas básicas de curso técnico em enfermagem
Authors: Nascimento Mirtson Aécio dos Reis , Andreto Luciana Marques
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: Construir e validar um manual para o componente curricular, “técnicas básicas”, de curso técnico em enfermagem, fundamentado em aprendizagem baseada em problemas. Métodos: Pesquisa metodológica, seguindo as etapas: levantamento bibliográfico, construção do manual, validação do conteúdo, adequação do manual, validação semântica, adequações no manual. Participaram da validação de conteúdo 10 enfermeiros, utilizou-se a técnica Delphi, por meio de escala tipo likert. Na avaliação semântica, participaram 17 estudantes de curso técnico em enfermagem, os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário do tipo likert. A análise dos dados foi feita através do Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC). Resultados: O manual construído é fundamentado em ABP, tem 45 páginas e 13 capítulos que abordam conteúdos pertinentes a “técnicas básicas”, através da apresentação dos objetivos de aprendizagem, seguidos da situação- problema que abrange um ou mais conteúdos do referido componente curricular. O material apresentou IVC global entre os juízes de 97,68%. Quanto ao público-alvo o IVC global foi de 99,46%. Conclusão: A versão final do material é válida quanto à aparência e conteúdo e pode ser utilizado no contexto ao qual se aplica.