bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Energy Supplied per Job in the Steel Industry of Ural in the Late 19th and in the Early 20th Centuries
Authors: Shumkin George
Published: January 2021

The article contains the analysis of transformation in energy supply at factories of the steel industry in Ural from 1882 to 1911. The analysis was based on the materials of Statistical Compilations on Mining Industry of Russia regarding such indicators as: engine power per worker, fuel supply per worker and correlation between production workers and related workers. The study observes the impact of economic conditions and other factors on energy supply dynamics. Three stages in energy supply development were determined (from the 1880s to mid-1890s, second half of the 1890s and the early 20th century). The paper specifies the period of time of the main changes, which took place during the economic crises and the recession of the early 20th century. The text concluded that development of energy supply was due to the increased productivity of related workers, as well as to replacing water wheels with turbines and steam engines, while the amount of fuel supply per worker remained almost at the same level. As a result, the correlation between production workers and related workers has changed, as well as the structure of power facilities.
Maximum Entropy Niche Modelling to Estimate the Potential Distribution of Phytophthora megakarya (Brasier & M. J. Griffin) in Tropical Regions
Authors: Obiakara Maxwell , Etaware Peter , Chukwuka Kanayo
Published: January 2021

Background: Phytophthora megakarya is an invasive pathogen endemic to Central and West Africa. This species causes the most devastating form of black pod disease. Despite the deleterious impacts of this disease on cocoa production, there is no information on the geographic distribution of P. megakarya.

Aim: In this study, we investigated the potential geographic distribution of P. megakarya in cocoa-producing regions of the world using ecological niche modelling.

Methods: Occurrence records of P. megakarya in Central and West Africa were compiled from published studies. We selected relevant climatic and edaphic predictor variables in the indigenous range of this species to generate 14 datasets of climate-only, soil-only, and a combination of both data types. For each dataset, we calibrated 100 candidate MaxEnt models using 20 regularisation multiplier values and five feature classes. The best model was selected from statistically significant candidates with an omission rate ≤ 5% and the lowest Akaike Information Criterion corrected for small sample sizes, and projected onto cocoa-producing regions in Southeast Asia, Central and South America. The risk of extrapolation in model transfer was measured using the mobility-oriented parity (MOP) metric.

Results: We found an optimal goodness-of-fit and complexity for candidate models incorporating both climate and soil data. Predictions of the model with the best performance showed that nearly all of Central Africa, especially areas in Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, and southern Cameroon are at risk of black pod disease. In West Africa, suitable environments were observed along the Atlantic coast, from southern Nigeria to Gambia. Our analysis suggested that P. megakarya is capable of subsisting outside its native range, at least in terms of climatic and edaphic factors. Model projections identified likely suitable areas, especially in Brazil and Colombia, from southwestern Mexico down to Panama, and across the Caribbean islands in the Americas, and in Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Papua New Guinea in Asia and adjacent areas

Conclusion: The outcomes of this study would be useful for developing measures aimed at preventing the spread of this pathogen in the tropics.
Firm Capabilities and Growth Strategies: The Moderating Role of Institutional Factors
Authors: Velasco-Gutiérrez Gerardo , Montoya Miguel A. , Orozco Margarita , Capelleras Joan-Lluis
Published: January 2021

Building on Resource-Based View (RBV) and Institutional Theory (IT), we decided to study the internal and external factors that affect the choice between different growth strategies in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in an emerging economy. We started identifying that there is a direct relationship between technological resources and an organic growth strategy, financial resources and an acquisitive growth strategy, and networking capabilities and a hybrid growth strategy. We argue that the intensity of these relations is moderated by institutional factors, such as a country’s intellectual property protections (for organic strategies), credit access (for acquisitive strategies), and trust in the business environment (for hybrid strategies). We based our findings on 450 face-to-face surveys with CEOs from firms in the Electronic Technology, Information, and Communication Sector (ETICS) in Mexico. Managerial implications are also discussed in the paper, as well as future avenues of research.
Walter Benjamin as the “Last European”: The Transfer of Walter Benjamin’s Ideas to American Cultural Studies
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Chernovskaya Mariya
Published: January 2021

Walter Benjamin’s posthumous reception was significantly broader than the one during his lifetime, par-ticularly in the one country he had never succeeded to visit (although he had intended to), the United States of America. In the current article, we suggest, that while beginning to widen in American intellectual circles, the acknowledgment of the philosopher’s legacy happened later in a narrower academic context, rehabilitating the philosopher who had never had the chance to work in a university due to a failed 1925 habilitation. The majority of Benjamin’s works were disseminated in various non-academic journals and magazines, making the process of translation and publication of his texts more difficult than it usually is for scientists. We suggest that, firstly, Benjamin’s reception in the USA established his image as a provoc-ative essayist stepping far beyond Marxist frameworks (as opposed to how his first publisher and friend Theodor Adorno presented him through a thoroughly-selected collection of writings that had been trans-lated into English for the first time), exploring such topics as Messianism, mass culture, and everyday practices. Our second suggestion is that Benjamin’s legacy appeared to be fruitful for American cultural studies whose representatives rejected ideas of the teleology of culture embedded in the original British program, and turned to “practice theories” which presented everyday practices significant in themselves, not as privileged sites of ideology.
Fiction and Social Knowledge: Towards a Strong Program in the Sociology of Literature
Authors:   Masaryk University, Vana Jan
Published: January 2021

Following the strong program in cultural sociology, I propose a strong program in the sociology of liter-ature, which treats literary pieces rightly as relatively autonomous cultural entities and “independent var-iables”. To outline the epistemological foundations of the new research program, I compare how social knowledge comes into existence through the sociological text and the text of literary fiction. I discuss the representation of social reality in interpretive research, with Isaac Reed’s book Interpretation and Social Knowledge as a starting point. To claim literary autonomy, I outline some of the aspects which social the-ory shares with literary fiction. I am mainly interested in how social theory and literary fiction mediate social knowledge to their readers via the aesthetic experience. I identify two main categories of social knowledge mediated by literature: existential understanding and Zeitgeist. Discussing the sociological treatment of several novels, I look at how these two categories intertwine and support each other to create colorful, sensitive, but also robust and deep social knowledge, which condenses aesthetic, existential, and non-discursive aspects of social experience together with the “big picture” of whole societies. I argue that only by overcoming the often-assumed inferiority of literature in sociological research can sociology real-ize its full potential in understanding the meanings of social life.
“Coming Soon?”: Cinematic Sociology and the Cultural Turn
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Stepanov Boris
Published: January 2021

Throughout the 20th century, cinema has played, and, to some extent, continues to play a key role in shaping the social imagination and anthropology of modern human. Nevertheless, as a review of English scholarly literature shows, cinema, unlike art and music, remains a marginal subject of analysis for sociologists. The article attempts to consider the state of sociological reflection on cinema in the context of the cultural turn in sociology in both the international and national contexts. By reconstructing the history of the interaction between sociology, film studies, and cultural studies, the author not only proves the scar-city of interest among sociologists in the analysis of cinema, but also discusses the ways by which socio-logical perspectives were involved in film research at the turn of the 20th–21st centuries, and the potential of the latter for the study of social imagination. A survey of communities of Soviet sci-fi cinema fans demonstrates one possible way of developing of the sociologically oriented program of cinema studies.
New Roads and Old Promises of Music Sociology
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Farkhatdinov Nail
Published: January 2021

Review: Alfred Smudits (ed.), Roads to Music Sociology (Wiesbaden: Springer, 2019).
The Soviet Song Statement of the 1960s–1970s in the Perspective of the Strong Program in Cultural Sociology
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Ganzha Anna
Published: January 2021

The article considers the potential of a strong program of cultural sociology in the research of the Soviet song policy in the 1960s and 1970s. Mass musical genres of the cultural industry era are usually consid-ered in the historicist optics of emancipation and diversification. With such optics, institutional contexts serve only as a background against which the evolution of the post-folklore unfolds. The disadvantage of this approach is the uncritical mixing of the tools of classicist criticism with modern tools of social theo-ry. The Soviet song Estrada formed its own type of song statements by simultaneously rebuilding the in-stitutions of social performance, musical political economy, and aesthesis that served these institutions. Non-reductionist optics, which, from Alexander’s point of view lie at the intersection of structuralist and hermeneutical tools, have a pronounced specificity when applied to mass musical genres. The system of intonation combined with the poetic word brought to a state of pure mechanical self-reproduction, ac-cording to Adorno, somehow pushes us to describe and decipher the system of meanings of such a product. In order that the search for thickness in the description of musical phenomena does not lead to new reduc-tions, it is necessary to abandon what, at first glance, connects sound with culture, and replace the con-cepts of “song” and “music” with “song statement” and “musical statement”. Using the concepts of “nobil-ity”, “authenticity”, and “depth” that occupied post-war song discourses, we demonstrate the mechanisms of their circulation within the institute of Estrada in connection with the topoi of song statement that in-duce social imagination. To do this, we add the attitude for a thick description, in which the cultural meanings supplied by song statements appear in close connection with the Soviet social imagination, to the usual pattern of analysis of the Adornian sociology of smash hits and chamber music forms.
Diseño Universal para el Aprendizaje: un paradigma para el desarrollo de las habilidades lectoras en lenguas extranjeras a través de las redes afectivas / Universal Design for Learning: a paradigm for the development of reading skills in foreign...
Authors: Fernández Portero Ignacio
Published: January 2021

Universal Design for Learning (UDL) emerged in the early 90s as a new paradigm to ensure equity and quality across education. Its origins were due to the increasing need to reduce barriers which are often caused unintentionally and impede learning. Some of these barriers are caused by learning environments, which exert considerable influence on brain development and, therefore, on learning. In this respect, individual-context interactions and the relationship between affect and cognition can benefit the activation of affective networks and their responses to stimuli, which are essential for our engagement in the learning process. Their effective stimulus and the correct application of UDL principles can reduce barriers and help learners acquire reading skills in a foreign language.
Validating the Impact of FIRST as a New Learner Experience Framework for Teachers Professional Development
Authors:   SeGa Research Center, United States, M. Bahgat Mohamed , Elsafty Ashraf ,   SeGa Research Center, United States, Shaarawy Ashraf ,   SeGa Research Center, United States
Published: January 2021

Teachers’ Professional Development ‘TPD’ has always been an area of growing interest in educational research. Several researchers have thoroughly explored the TPD domain aiming to develop and train teachers on how to understand, experience, practice and have a sustainable impact on learners. FIRST (Bahgat et al. 2018) is a new learner experience framework, which consists of five domains; focusing on learner ‘ F’, interacting within group dynamics ‘ I’, reviewing actively ‘R’, structuring and sequencing ‘S’, and transforming learning into performance ‘T’. It is designed based on educational psychology, neuroscience, and cognitive psychology, to create a framework that promotes active deep learning and inspires a positive transformation in mindset and behaviours. FIRST was applied on a TPD program named Roadmap of Outstanding Educators ‘ROOTS’. The participants were one hundred and seven teachers. This paper attempts to explore the impact of FIRST Framework on TPD, teachers experience as learners and teachers motivation to transfer their learning into performance in the classrooms. The study employed exploratory sequential mixed methods design using case study methodology. Qualitative data was analysed and interpreted into codes and themes. Quantitative data was analysed using SPSS. Major findings: (1) Teachers reported that FIRST is comprehensive and compiles various educational theories, models and strategies, they were able to apply the principles and strategies in their classrooms immediately after the professional program days were over, (2) Student’s feedback and overall experience were enhanced, (3) Some schools has adopted FIRST as a learner experience. These findings recommended that teachers should live the TPD experience as learners. The TPD programs should include follow up phase to enhance teachers’ experience and encourage the transfer of learning into performance. Keywords: Active Learning; Deep Learning; Student Experience; Teachers Professional Developmen
On Understanding and Required Actions in Tasks of Written Examinations
Authors:   University of Applied Sciences Dresden (FHD) Güntzstraße 1, 01069 Dresden, Germany, Köhler Marcel
Published: January 2021

The study deals with the conscious use of the medium "language" in the design of vocational teaching/learning processes in order to make the examination and assessment process of learning outcomes more transparent and appropriate. For this purpose, the study focuses on the use of tasks in written examinations in vocational teaching and in particular on the operators used in these. The question will be investigated as to whether the teaching of operator meanings and the actions required with them leads to an improvement in the results of processing and the understanding of tasks among learners. The theoretical approach is based on the knowledge and action theory of AEBLI (1980; 1981), on the basis of which an instrument is developed for verifying the understanding of tasks. To answer the question, a quasi-experimental intervention study in pretest posttest design with one experimental and control group (n=42) is carried out. For this purpose, the instrument is used to verify the understanding of the tasks in the vocation "educator" at a vocational school. For the development of the treatment, selected operators are conceptually defined, which are frequently used in written final examinations of this profession. The experimental results show that instruction on operators has a significant positive effect on the results of the tasks performed by the learners in the experimental group. This is also obvious for an improved understanding of the learner's tasks, since here too there are significant positive changes in individual segments of understanding. Finally, conclusions are derived for the development of a mutual understanding of the tasks of teachers and learners as well as for the pedagogical-practical activity of vocational teaching. Keywords: operator, academic-pedagogical special language, speech comprehension, didactic order
Islet Embedding for Histology v1
Authors: not provided IIDP-HIPP
Published: January 2021

This Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) is based on the Vanderbilt Human Islet Phenotyping Program (HIPP) Immobilization of Islets in 3-D Gel for Histology. This SOP provides HIPP procedure for embedding islets in Collagen I gel for cryosectioning and histological staining. This SOP defines the assay method used by the Human Islet Phenotyping Program (HIPP) for quantitative and qualitative determination of the Purified Human Pancreatic Islet product, post-shipment, manufactured for use in the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)-sponsored research in the Integrated Islet Distribution Program (IIDP).
Isolation and phenotypic characterization of antibiotic resistant E.coli and Salmonella from food animals v1
Authors: Manishimwe Rosine , M. Moncada Paola , Bugarel Marie , Morgan Scott H. , H. Loneragan Guy
Published: January 2021

This protocol was designed to help researchers with limited laboratory resources to generate valuable information on the status of antibiotic resistance among indicator E.coli and pathogenic Salmonella from food producing animals. The protocol uses less technology intensive methods such the disk diffusion and the combination disk test to estimate isolate- and sample-level prevalence of E.coli and Salmonella resistance to most critical important antibiotics. In this protocol, agar-based media without antibiotic-supplements are used to isolate E. coli and Salmonella from fecal samples. Besides, agar-based media supplemented with antibiotics are used to screen for E. coli and Salmonella resistant to third-generation cephalosporins and to screen for E. coli and Salmonella with low susceptibility to quinolones. Furthermore, all bacterial isolates are tested for their susceptibility to a panel of twelve antibiotic disks using the disk diffusion. Finally, the combination disk test is used to test for phenotypic production of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) or AmpC among all bacterial isolates resistant to third-generation cephalosporins using the a second panel of 12 antibiotic disks.
Malaria Seroprevalence in the Blood Donors of Malaria Endemic Regions of Northern Andhra Pradesh, India.
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Maharaja Institute of Medical Sciences, Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh, India, Sitalata Dr. C. , Kalyan Dr. K. ,   Professor, Department of Pathology, Dr. PSIMS, and RF. Gannavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Transmission of malaria through blood transfusion continues to be a major threat tosafe blood transfusion practice. Transfusion-transmitted malaria occurs at an estimated rate of 0.25cases per 1 million blood units collected. It is significantly more common in endemic areas. Aim: Tostudy the Seroprevalence of Malaria among the blood donors in the endemic areas of NorthernAndhra Pradesh. Materials and methods: The present survey was carried out at the blood bank ofMaharaja institute of medical sciences, Vizianagaram. This includes the analysis of seroprevalence ofMalaria in the blood donors during the period of 1 year from February 2018 to January 2019. Two mlof the blood sample was collected in the labeled pilot tube at the time of collection of blood fromdonor tubing of the blood bag. The serum was separated. The samples were tested for Malaria byrapid antigen detection test. Results: Out of the total of 3096 blood donors, replacement donors(86.91%) were more in comparison to voluntary donors (13.08%). The seroprevalence among thereplacement blood donors was more compared to voluntary blood donors. Conclusion: Voluntaryblood donation, increasing awareness about blood donation in the general population, selection ofrepeat, non-remunerated, regular voluntary blood donors and diligent donor selection, sensitivescreening tests are most important to increase blood safety and prevent transmission of Malariathrough blood transfusion.
Conceptualization of Fear in the News About the Coronavirus
Authors: Miroshnychenko Pavlo
Published: January 2021

The main objective of the study is to identify and to characterize the main verbal methods of conceptualization of fear in the Ukrainian-language Internet news about the coronavirus. A method of analysis of relevant scientific information on the research topic was used, which contributed to the development of its concept. The method of interpretation of sociological research data was used, the Ukrainian-language Internet news about coronavirus was monitored.

The concept of fear in the Ukrainian language consciousness is a complex cognitive structure that has a large number of components of sensory-emotional nature: fear, anxiety, disquiet. Fear is fixed in the language as a psychophysical condition, a person’s symptomatic reaction to danger, uncertainty, indeterminacy, therefore, it has a negative assessment. The conceptual analysis of the emoseme «fear» in the Ukrainian linguistic and cultural picture of the world postulates its connection with psychological lack of freedom. Mass media as the active agents of social development with all its dynamics, stagnation, crises and challenges are a powerful sociocultural factor of generating fear in the individuals and the communities. The media misuses the technique of “magic of numbers”, namely the expressively colored words (“victim”, “died”, “infected”, etc.) in the news headlines, which are primarily and usually uncritically perceived by the media consumer, without proper immersion in the body of news, without checking the message for reliability and accuracy. As a consequence, a poorly prepared text (according to professional journalistic and ethical standards) on extremely relevant social issues, multiplied by low media literacy and media criticism of the vast majority of mass audience, can become an excellent tool for misinformation and manipulation as well as shaping erroneous public opinion and touching off panic.
Forensic psychiatric case
Authors: Naumov I.
Published: January 2021

Forensic psychiatric practice shows that a lot of crimes are committed by persons suffering from epilepsy. There is nothing surprising, says prof. Kovalevsky, that in many cases of epileptic crimes, there are misunderstandings and disagreements both between experts (doctors) and the court, and between judges."
For casuistic skin rashes in mental illness (Urticaria and dermographismus in lues cerebri)
Authors: Mayevsky M. M.
Published: January 2021

On March 25, 1900, the patient A.N. was delivered to the Kazan District Hospital in an agitated state with frequent convulsive seizures.
А. Bethe. Ueber die Primitivfibrillen in den Ganglienzellen vom Menschen u. anderen Wirbelthier en.—Morphol. Arb. Bd. 8, 1898, p. 45 — 117
Authors: Geberg A.
Published: January 2021

In view of the results obtained by Apathy in the study of nerves. systems of invertebrates (worms) and confirmed by the author's research on the piyavkoyu, results indicating the continuous, created by fibrils, connection of the perceiving and motor nerve pathways, ed. with the help of a special method (this method was subsequently published by A. Bethe in Zeitschr. f. wissensch. Mikroskopie, Bd. 17, 1900, p. 13) studied the nerves. pads center. nervous systems of vertebrates (man, dog, rabbit, frog), having the main purpose to find out the course of fibrils in fibers and cells and their relation to these last.
А. Bethe. About the neurofibrils in the ganglion cells of vertebrates and. their relations with the Golginets.— Archives f. microscope. Anatomy, Vol. 55, 1900. p. 513
Authors: Geberg A.
Published: January 2021

The first part of this work is a direct continuation of the above abstracted one and contains a description of primary fibrils in various types of nerve cells (Cornu Ammonis cells, Purkinje cells, small cells of the cerebellar molecular layer, nuclei dentati cells, brain and gelatinosae cn.) note only some of the results obtained by the author. Въ axially cylindrical. process nerv. the cell and, in particular, in the cone, the fibrils are distributed equally; there are no gaps left in which the lumps of Nissl could fit. In the formation of an axial cylinder. The process involves only a part (bescheidene Anzahl) of the fibrils, most of which serve to connect the protoplasm. processes between themselves. As for the dendrites, in them some of the primary fibrils end freely, as it were, sparsely shaped, on the surface of the process; it can meet at various points along the protoplasm. process.
Chronicle and mix
Authors: Nikolaev V. V.
Published: January 2021

The society of neuropathologists and psychiatrists in Kazan suffered in the current year a heavy loss in persons of the deceased - an honorary member, the former Chief V.-M. Academy, honored professor V.V. Pashutin and active member prof. N. A. Tolmacheva.
La noción jurídica de persona atribuida al indio en la colonia
Authors:   Universidad Cesar Vallejo, Ludeña Gonzalez Gerardo Francisco
Published: January 2021

Presentación del libro "La noción jurídica de la persona atribuida al indio en la colonia", escrito por Gerardo Ludeña y editado por el Fondo Editorial UCV. El libro es producto de una minuciosa revisión de diversas fuentes documentales para acercarlas al lector y hacer una serie de planteamientos orientados a la discusión y contraste entre ellas para poner en evidencias una diversidad de imprecisiones y errores con un hilo conductor tenue de relaciones causa-efecto respecto a la noción jurídica de persona hacia el indio que tenía la empresa colonizadora que llegó a los nuevos territorios. El autor, resalta que el solo hecho de haber encontrado una comunidad de seres humanos ocupando los nuevos territorios, hizo que el conjunto de problemas políticos y económicos, consustanciales a la naturaleza de la empresa colonizadora se vincularán de manera definitiva al tratamiento jurídico al que habría de someter a sus habitantes en un contexto de caos , falacias y corrupción.
THE EFFECTS OF CRM OVER SALESPERSONS’ SELLING INTENTION AND SALES PERFORMANCE: A RESEARCH IN TURKISH NON-LIFE INSURANCE MARKET
Authors: AYDIN Samet , AKYOLLU Serkan
Published: January 2021

With the development of digital technologies and diversification of communication tools, customers demand similar experiences from all businesses independent of the industries. In the finance sector, insurance industry -with its intermediaries in both production and service stages- is lagging behind others in terms of improving customer experience and approach to the them. Intermediaries such as bancassurance, agents, and brokers have dominated nearly 80% of the sector. For this reason, insurance companies have started to invest in factors such as satisfaction of intermediaries, establishment of reward and target systems for intermediaries, and hence improving their performance. Although there are many research in the literature in order to measure and develop customer-oriented approaches, the wishes and needs of customers, and to establish healthier, long-term relationships between customers and businesses, companies in sectors that have intensive relations with intermediaries need to concentrate not only on their customers but also on intermediaries. Therefore, in this study, the effects of Customer Relations Management (CRM) applications on sales intention and sales performances of sales representatives working in the non-life insurance market have been tried to be measured. For this measurement, CRM applications were evaluated with four sub-dimensions: focus on key customers, CRM organizational structure, information management and technology-based CRM implementation. Data were collected from intermediaries in Turkish non-life insurance market and a total of 299 surveys were obtained. The results of the study suggests that effectively managed CRM practices have positive effects on both sales performances and sales intentions of sales representatives.
NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF MHD CASSON NANOFLUID FLOW TOWARDS A NON LINEAR STRETCHING SHEET IN PRESENCE OF DOUBLE-DIFFUSIVE EFFECTS ALONG WITH VISCOUS AND OHMIC DISSIPATION
Authors: MAKKAR Vinita , POPLY Vikas , GOYAL Rangoli , SHARMA Naresh
Published: January 2021

The intention behind carrying out this research work is to analyze the steady Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) boundary layer flow with Casson nanofluid in presence of Viscous and Ohmic dissipation effects towards a non-linear stretching sheet. Two phase representation of nanofluid studied the consequence of Brownian motion along with thermophoresis. The major purpose of study is to investigates the significant role of prominent fluid parameters especially yield stress, slip velocity, thermophoresis, Brownian motion, Eckert number, Schmidt number, magnetic parameter and non-linear stretching parameter on profile of velocity, temperature distribution and concentration while keeping the other parameters under study constant. Runge-Kutta Fehlberg (RKF) approach was adopted to numerically solve the non-linear governing equations and the linked boundary conditions by use of shooting technique. In present study, we use MATLAB for finding the final outcomes and relating the concluding results for local Nusselt number -θ_δ^' (0) with extant outcomes in literature as a limiting case in the absence of thermophoresis and Brownian motion and an excellent agreement is noted. Over all the consequence of prominent fluid parameters are explained via graphs, whereas distinction of several valuable engineering quantities like skin friction coefficient, local Nusselt number and local Sherwood number are also tabulated. The finding of present study helps to control the rate of heat transportation as well as fluid velocity in any manufacturing processes and industrial applications to make desired quality of final product.
Management of post-operative sore throat in patients undergoing endotracheal intubation: literature review
Authors: El Sharkawy Ahmed M. , Rawas Mustafa M. , Altoies Amany M. , Al Arbash Mohammed A. , Alzahrani Abdulaziz A. , Alnahari Anas M. , Alomari Khaled S. , Hammad Ziyad H. , Ebrahim Basel M. , Alqahtani Mansour M. , Alshahrani Ali S.
Published: January 2021

Postoperative sore throat (POST) is a common complaint that is classified as the 8th most undesirable events after general anesthesia. Endotracheal intubation has been estimated to be the commonest factor causing POST. We aim to review the risk factors and preventive measures to reduce the incidence and severity of POST following endotracheal intubation. Although sore throat can be induced by many perioperative factors, endotracheal intubation remains the commonest cause that can induce endothelial injury and a subsequent sore throat. Many risk factors for this association has been reported. The most common risk factors include ages less than 60 years of age, female sex, cough, and asthma, underlying chest diseases, type and timing of the operation, type, and size of the used endotracheal tube. Moreover, the experience of the personnel intubating the patients may have been another risk factor. Medical prevention of POST can be achieved by several agents as steroids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists, careful monitoring of the tracheal cuff pressure, and licorice application. On the other hand, using lidocaine has been contraindicated according to previous meta-analysis results. Additionally, we recommend that future studies with bigger sample sizes are should be conducted for further validation of the new modalities.
Protective Effects of Gold Nanoparticles Against Malathion-Induced Cytotoxicity in Caco-2 Cells
Authors: Shahmahmoodi Zeynab , Jafarinejad Somayeh , Hormozi-Nezhad M. Reza , Ghafari Homanaz , Ghazi-Khansari Mahmoud
Published: January 2021

Malathion is an organophosphorus insecticide widely used in agriculture, residential area, and public health programs with a known mechanism of toxicity of inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and induction of oxidative stress. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) represent stable and easily synthesized nanoparticles with extensive use in consumer products and medicine. Due to the antioxidant property of AuNPs, it is possible that AuNPs may prevent malathion-induced oxidative damage. In this study, the cytotoxicity of malathion and AuNPs (10 and 20 nm) were measured separately in Caco-2 cells. Then the protective effects of AuNPs were evaluated by measuring the oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation level and glutathione content) and acetylcholinesterase activity. The calculated IC50s values at 48 hr were 326.8±0.32, 43.09±0.65, and 41.46±0.24 µg/ml for malathion, AuNPs 10 and 20 nm, respectively. Then, the lowest concentration of AuNPs (1 µg/ml) and IC50 concentration of malathion (326.8 µg/ml) were selected to evaluate the effects of pretreatment of Caco-2 cells with AuNPs before exposure to malathion were evaluated. Interestingly, the results showed remarkably significant protective effects of AuNPs by attenuation the different parameters of oxidative stress and cytotoxicity induced by malathion in cells (P<0.001). It is the first report showing the protective effects of AuNPs against malathion-induced cytotoxicity in the Caco-2 cell line.
Epidemiological Features and Clinical Study of Kawasaki Disease in Iran
Authors: Akbariasbagh Parvin , Talebiyan Saharnaz , Aghighi Yahya , Raeeskarai Reza , Seyedhoseinpour Amirhosein , Tabrizi Aydin
Published: January 2021

Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute febrile systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology and the major cause of pediatric acquired cardiac disease worldwide, particularly in developed countries. This study characterizes the epidemiologic and clinical features of KD in the Pediatric Rheumatology Department service in a general hospital. 120 patients with the diagnosis of KD between 1990 and 2009 were enrolled. We investigated the epidemiologic and clinical features of coronary artery involvement of the patients. Frequency of many parameters including age, sex, season, clinical and laboratory findings, response to treatment, and complications of the patients determined. During the 20-year study period, 120 patients <15 years of age were admitted for KD. Among them, 39.2% were at the extremes of the age spectrum, with 2.5% <6 months and 36.7% >5 years of age, male to female ratio of 1.3:1 and the classic KD to incomplete KD ratio of 3.1:1. KD recurred in 5% of all cases. It occurred most frequently in the winter and least frequently in the summer. The occurrence of coronary artery abnormalities (CAA) was 4.2%. Kawasaki disease should be considered in any pediatric patients with a prolonged refractory febrile illness in order to prevent CAA formation.
Calculate the actual overlap in an overview
Authors: Arian Mahdieh , Valinejadi Ali , Soleimani Mohsen
Published: January 2021

The article's abstract is not available.
Nursing presence from the perspective of cancer patients: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Mahdavi Mahshid , Ghafourifard Mansour , Rahmani Azad
Published: January 2021

Background & Aim: Nursing presence is an essential element of nursing care. Since the perception of nursing presence is influenced by different factors depending on the culture within which patients receive nursing care, this study aimed to investigate Iranian patients' nursing presence with cancer.
Methods & Materials: In this cross-sectional study, 130 cancer patients were selected by random sampling from an oncology teaching hospital. Data was collected by the Presence of Nursing Scale and analyzed by SPSS software.
Results: The results showed that the mean score of nursing presence (in a range of 0 to 125) was 101.91±16.19. According to the results, the highest and lowest scores belonged to the items "I trusted in these nurses" and "These nurses met my spiritual needs" with a mean score of 4.38±0.81 and 3.68±1.16, respectively. Data analysis by Pearson correlation coefficient showed no significant correlation between the mean score of nursing presence and quantitative variables such as patients' age, length of stay in the hospital, and the number of hospitalization (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Although the total score of nursing presence was high, improvements in some items such as fulfilling the spiritual needs of cancer patients seem necessary. Evaluation of nursing presence by valid measures, encouraging nurses to spend more time and interacting with their patients, and providing special courses on nursing presence could help nurses improve and implement oncology nursing.
The Frequency and Related Factors of Internet Addiction in Externship and Internship Students of Kerman University of Medical Sciences, 2018
Authors: Danaei Mina , Akbar Rohani Ali , Sajadi Ali , Momeni Mohsen
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Internet addiction is a global phenomenon with an increasing trend in university students. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and factors affecting internet addiction in externship and internship medical students of Kerman University of Medical Sciences in 2018.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on externship and internship medical students of Kerman University of Medical Sciences in 2018 during a 6-month period using convenience sampling method. In this study, the valid and reliable self-administered questionnaire of “Kimberly-Young internet addiction questionnaire” was used to collect the research data. The attainable scores in this questionnaire range from 20 to 100, so that  higher scores show greater dependence on the Internet. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 20 using the Chi-square test. A significant level was set at lower than 0.05.
Results: Among the participants, 46 participants (18.4%) were normal users, 127 (50.8%) were at risk, and 77 (30.8%) were addicted to the Internet. Among the demographic factors, a significant relationship was found between gender (p = 0.041) and educational level (p = 0.024) with Internet addiction.
Conclusion: policymakers should pay particular attention to the issue of Internet addiction in medical students, since Internet addiction may cause these students to neglect their critical duties during externship and internship. In this regard, holding effective training courses can be helpful.
Evaluation of GNMT Gene Expression in Prostate Cancer Tissues using Real-Time PCR
Authors: Dehghani Niloofar , Salehipour Masoud , Javanmard Babak
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. In the present study, the expression level of glycine N-methyl transferase gene (GNMT) was investigated in prostate cancer tissue. The GNMT enzyme is encoded by the GNMT gene. Increased GNMT gene expression increases the conversion of glycine to sarcosine and results in the elevated levels of sarcosine in blood and urine.
Methods: The expression level of GNMT gene in tissue samples of patients with prostate cancer was compared with those with benign prostatic hyperplasia using Real-Time PCR technique.
Results: The GNMT gene expression level increased significantly in prostate cancer patients compared with those with benign prostatic hyperplasia (p-value <0.001). In addition, the expression level of GNMT gene was stage-dependent and  significant increases were observed in all stages of prostate cancer compared with those with benign prostatic hyperplasia (p-value <0.001).
Conclusion: The concentration of sarcosine is controlled by GNMT and it seems that increasing the expression level of GNMT gene increases the level of sarcosine concentration. Thus, it appears that increased levels of GNMT expression occur in the early stages of prostate cancer. Therefore, periodic measurement of GNMT expression levels can detect prostate cancer before it forms a cancer cell and invades other tissues.
Management of Fattiness with a Lifestyle Educational Program Designed Based on Traditional Persian Medicine: A Case Series
Authors: Akhtari Elham
Published: January 2021

The article's abstract is not available.
Etiology, Clinical Manifestation and Natural Treatments of Psoriasis from the Perspective of Persian Medicine
Authors: Rahbar Mohammadreza , Zarei Azadeh , Ranjbar Maryam , Tabarrai Malihe , Shirbeigi Laila
Published: January 2021

Psoriasis is an inflammatory and autoimmune disease with unknown etiology. This is a chronic, recurrent, distressing and costly disease, which has a great impact on the quality of life of individuals. Its treatment varies from topical to systemic medication and sometimes with a great deal of side effects. Probably, changing nutritional habits, life style modification and applying preventive measures may reduce the high amount use of chemical drugs and the costs of the disease. This study investigates etiology, clinical manifestation and natural treatments of psoriasis from the perspective of Persian Medicine by which prevention and nutritional recommendations and some treatments can be introduced. Searching selected sources of Persian Medicine including the Canon of Medicine, Zakhirah -E- Kharazm Shahi, Kamel alsanaat, Sharh al-asbab va al-alamat, Tebbe-Akbari, Moalejate Aghili, Exir-e-Azam, three diseases named “Ghooba”, “Barase Asvad” and “Saafe-Yabes” were found to be similar to psoriasis in their manifestations. Therefore, study of their specific treatments in the levels of lifestyle management more importantly nutrition and herbal therapy could be noteworthy for the future studies.
Estudo das tensões residuais e distorções de peças produzidas por impressão FDM utilizando o método dos elementos
Authors: Malavolta Alexandre Tácito , Müller Álvaro de Godoy
Published: January 2021

No processo de manufatura aditiva FDM (Modelagem por Fusão e Deposição) filamentos de materiais poliméricos são fundidos em um bocal extrusor e depositados em camadas para produzir uma peça com geometria pré-determinada através de um modelo. Durante o processo de extrusão, o material polimérico atinge elevadas temperaturas, mudando de fase e resfriando-se rapidamente após a deposição das camadas, o que ocorre repetidamente até o final do processo. Desta forma, é comum que os gradientes térmicos acarretem tensões residuais e distorções nas peças produzidas. Neste contexto, este trabalho utiliza o método dos elementos finitos para realizar análises termo-mecânicas e prever as distorções e tensões residuais em uma peça produzida pelo processo FDM.
Desenvolvimento de um software para dimensionamento de fundações do tipo tubulão para torres de linhas de transmissão
Authors: Marinho Renata de Oliveira , Ferreira Manoel Denis Costa , Oliveira João Marcos Azevedo de , Silva Gleidson Leite da
Published: January 2021

A energia elétrica é um recurso indispensável à vida moderna. Neste sentido, sendo as linhas de transmissão as responsáveis por transmitirem energia ou sinais a longas distâncias e tendo em vista sua importância no contexto do setor elétrico do Brasil, se torna primordial desenvolver um projeto bem elaborado destas construções, que vai desde sua fundação até os elementos que as compõe. O presente trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de um software para auxiliar no projeto dos elementos de fundações de torres autoportantes de linhas de transmissão conforme as normas vigentes no país utilizando a linguagem de programação Python. Para validar os resultados obtidos pelo software implementado apresenta-se um exemplo de aplicação com os resultados comparados aos obtidos de uma solução analítica.
Efficacy of Coragen 20 SC against Lepidopteran Pest in Greengram and Its Compatibility with Bacillus thuringiensis Isolates
Authors: Sujayanand G.K. , Pandey Sonika , Bandi Sanjay M.
Published: January 2021

Background: Green gram, Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek is third most important pulse crop cultivated in India. The two key insect pest viz., pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera Hubner and Tobacco leaf caterpillar, Spodoptera litura Fabricius inflicts heavy yield loss in greengram. As these are polyphagous insect pest and the crop is a short duration crop, immediate management strategy such as chemical control is very much essential to check its yield loss. The current study reports the efficacy of novel insecticide i.e. Coragen® 20 SC against above cited two insect pest in greengram. Further its effect on non-target insects and its influence on growth and survival of Bacillus thuringiensis were evaluated. Methods: Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Coragen® 20 SC (at four doses viz., 75 ml ha-1, 100 ml ha-1, 125 ml ha-1 150 ml ha-1), chlorpyriphos 20 EC @ 2.5 l ha-1 and emamectin benzoate 5 SG @ 220 g ha-1 against H. armigera and S. litura during kharif 2018 and 2019. Based on larval load per plant, the percent reduction in larval counts was estimated based on Henderson and Tilton method. The benefit cost ratio (BCR) was worked out for each respective year based on seed yield and net returns. Result: Coragen® 20 SC at 125 ml ha-1 and 150 ml ha-1 had resulted in highest percent reduction in larval population over control. Simultaneously, the highest BCR during kharif 2018 (6.29, 4.21) and 2019 (5.95, 5.64) were recorded from above 2 treatments. Further, Coragen® 20 SC showed compatibility with 5 Bt isolates evaluated, i.e Bt growth didn’t inhibited in nutrient agar containing field dose of Coragen 20 SC.
Confronting challenges of recent changes in social science education in Sri Lankan university system
Authors: Udayanga Samitha , Amarasinghe Sarath
Published: January 2021

This study analyses the challenges of recent changes in Sri Lankan higher education concerning social sciences and how those challenges can best be tackled. There is a strong sentiment that universities in Sri Lanka is in a state of constant crisis, as rising demand for higher education is not being met, despite its growing importance on the sustainable development agenda. This criticism focuses on higher education concerning social sciences and humanities, in terms of their relevance in the market economy. The mismatch between the needs of society and courses offered by universities has contributed to a high level of graduate unemployment. A mixed research method was employed in this research and the analyzed data were supported providing some secondary data. The paper discusses that challenges stemming from recent changes in higher education in social sciences are often related to transformed and reinterpreted expectations of university education and about approaches to university education. Maintaining and improving education quality, improving the relevance of curricula at a time of rapid changes in the market economy, accommodating societal needs, and going along with dynamic nature of global higher education are some of the challenges lead to an unstable situation in the social science education unless appropriately dealt with.