bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pemilihan Umum Sebagai Bentuk Perwujudan Demokrasi di Indonesia
Authors: Yunita Putri , Maulia Siti Tiara
Published: June 2024

Pemilihan Umum (Pemilu) merupakan pilar utama dalam sistem demokrasi Pancasila di Indonesia, memungkinkan rakyat untuk menggunakan hak politik mereka dalam menentukan arah politik negara. Sebagai representasi nyata dari nilai-nilai Pancasila, pemilu bukan hanya sebuah perayaan demokrasi, tetapi juga manifestasi dari cita-cita luhur bangsa Indonesia. Dalam konteks ini, pendidikan politik memainkan peran penting dalam mempersiapkan dan memberdayakan masyarakat untuk berpartisipasi secara aktif dalam proses pemilu, memastikan pemahaman yang baik tentang nilai-nilai demokrasi, serta mendorong partisipasi yang lebih luas. Penting juga untuk memastikan bahwa pemilu diselenggarakan secara transparan dan adil, dengan pengawasan yang ketat dan partisipasi aktif dari semua pemangku kepentingan. Dengan menjaga kualitas dan integritas pemilu, pemerintah dapat memperkuat fondasi demokrasi Pancasila dan menjaga keutuhan Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia.
ESSAI SUR LA TRANSITION DÉMOGRAPHIQUE EN RÉPUBLIQUE DU CONGO
Authors: Paka Étienne
Published: June 2024

Toutes les régions du monde sont, à des degrés divers, entrées en transition démographique. Cette étude vise à analyser la transition démographique et ses ressorts dans le contexte du Congo. Elle a été réalisée à partir de sources documentaires institutionnelles et de la littérature scientifique. Le Congo présente tous les signes d’un pays en transition démographique, au regard de l’évolution des indicateurs de mortalité, de natalité, de fécondité et d’espérance de vie. En effet, en cinq décennies, la mortalité générale a baissé de 61% et la mortalité infantile de 68%. Le recul de la mortalité a été suivi quelques années après par celle de la natalité (23%) et les Congolais ont gagné environ vingt années de vie à la naissance entre les années 1970 et 2020. Comme dans de nombreux autres pays africains, cette transition démographique ne se déroule pas sans perturbations par rapport au modèle linéaire classique. Ces perturbations résultent de facteurs externes ...
S&P Yeşil Tahvil Endeksi ve VIX Endeksi İle BİST Sürdürülebilirlik Endeksi Arasında Bir İlişki Var mı? Dalgacık Uyum Analizi İle Bir İnceleme
Authors: Çifçi Gönül , Reis Şükriye Gül , Çelikhan Fulya , Gürsel Tuğçe
Published: June 2024

Çalışmanın amacı, Borsa İstanbul pay piyasası endekslerinden olan Sürdürülebilirlik Endeksi’nin yeşil tahvil piyasasından ve küresel risklerden nasıl etkilendiğini ortaya koymaktır. Yeşil tahvil piyasası göstergelerinden S&P Yeşil Tahvil Endeksi ve küresel risk göstergelerinden VIX Endeksi kullanılmıştır. Bu ilişkiyi araştırmak için kullanılan yöntem dalgacık uyum analizidir. Bu analiz ile değişkenler arasındaki frekans ve zaman boyutlu ilişkileri ortaya koymak mümkündür. Çalışma kapsamında 6.11.2014-27.07.2022 tarihleri arasındaki günlük frekansdaki endeks kapanış verileri kullanılmıştır. Yapılan analiz sonucunda değişkenler arasında kısa-orta-uzun dönemdeki korelasyon ve nedensellik hakkında bilgiler elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, S&P Yeşil Tahvil Piyasası ve VIX Endeksi ile BİST Sürdürülebilirlik Endeksi arasında anlamlı ilişkilere rastlanmıştır. Çalışmanın sürdürülebilirliğin sermaye piyasası yatırımcılarının yatırım kararları üzerindeki etkilerini ortaya koymak açısından literature katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
Türkiye’ de Finansal Baskının Temel Göstergelerle Tahmin Edilmesi
Authors: Bal İlhan
Published: June 2024

1990 yılından bu yana finansal kriz konusunda ve finansal baskının ölçülmesi konusundaki çalışmalar önem kazanmıştır. Bunun nedeni finansal baskının ekonomide finansal krize neden olmasıdır. Finansal baskının ölçülmesi ve analizi doğru bir ekonomi yönetimi için faydalı olacaktır. Finansal baskının doğru bileşenler ile faydalı bir endeks oluşturulup ölçülmesi ve anlaşılması finansal krizin önlenmesinde veya kontrollü bir şekilde atlatılmasında ülkelerin ekonomi yönetimine olabildiğince fayda sağlayacaktır. Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’de finansal baskının ölçülmesi için belirli bileşenlerle finansal baskı endeksinin oluşturulmasıdır. Finansal Baskı endeksi oluşturulurken enflasyon, dış borç, sermaye piyasası, ülke riski ve para piyasası gibi bileşenler kullanılmıştır. Finansal baskı endeksinin hesaplanmasında temel bileşenler yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Ocak 2010- Mayıs 2023 yılları arasındaki verilerin incelendiği bu çalışmada bazı siyasi olaylar ya da KOVİD-19 salgının gibi beklenmeyen durumlar dışında Türkiye’nin daralma dönemlerini tespit edip, finansal baskının önüne geçtiği görülmektedir. Analiz sonuçları döviz kurundaki oynaklığın, dünyada meydana gelen yüksek enflasyonun Türkiye’deki finansal baskıyı büyük ölçüde etkilediğini göstermektedir.
Kuşak Farklılıklarının Örgütsel Bağlılık Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: Ateş Nurperi
Published: June 2024

Örgütsel bağlılık, çalışanların işlerini yerine getirme ve işletme ile uyum sağlama konusunda temel kriteri oluşturur. Bağlılık duygusal bir tepki olup, birçok faktörün etkisi altında gelişir. Birey, bu bağı olumlu veya olumsuz olarak geliştirirken çeşitli faktörleri göz önünde bulundurur ve davranışlarıyla bu bağı yansıtır. Bu faktörler arasında öncelikle; temelde yaş gruplarının sergiledikleri ortak özelliklere göre belirlenen kuşakların, örgütsel bağlılık seviyelerinde uyum olduğu dikkat çekmekte ve literatürde yapılan diğer çalışmalarla birlikte bu konu desteklenmektedir. Örgütsel bağlılık ve kuşak farklılıkları arasındaki bu ilişkide, dijitalleşmenin kaçınılmazlığı ve örgütlerin, dolayısıyla örgütün temeli olan çalışanlarının, dijital bilgiyi kullanabilme gücünün, yani dijital okuryazarlığın etkisi de önem arz etmektedir.
İç müşterilerimiz, diğer bir ifadeyle çalışanlarımız bir paydaştır ve örgütle beraber dijitalleşme sürecine dâhil olmak zorundalardır. Bu süreçte örgütler çalışanlarının örgütsel bağlılıklarını arttırmak için yaş gruplarının verdikleri tepkilere ve dijital okuryazarlık seviyelerine göre hareket etmelidirler. Bu nedenle çalışmada kuşak farklılıklarının örgütsel bağlılık üzerindeki etkisinde, dijital okuryazarlığın düzenleyici rolünü ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda çalışmanın verilerine, Türkiye genelinde beyaz eşya sektöründe çalışan X, Y, M ve Z kuşaklarına üç değişkenli anket uygulaması yapılarak ulaşılması hedeflenmektedir.
Çalışmada, ankete katılan bireylerin bulundukları kuşak gruplarıyla örgütsel bağlılıklarının ortak olup olmadığı ve gruplar arasında dijital okuryazarlık seviyelerinin aynı olup olmadığının yanında, dijital okuryazarlığa sahip bireylerin örgütsel bağlılık seviyeleri konusunda ortak hareket edip etmedikleri ve sonuç olarak örgütsel bağlılık ile kuşaklar arasındaki ilişkide dijital okuryazarlığın rolü incelenecektir.
Çalışmanın sonucunda dijital okuryazarlığa daha çok genç çalışanların sahip olacağı ve bu çalışanların dijitalleşmeye entegre olamayan örgütlerde örgüte bağlılıklarının azalacağı aynı zamanda yaşlı çalışanların dijital okuryazarlığa sahip olamadıkları için dijital dönüşümden korktukları ve bunun örgütsel bağlılıklarını arttırabileceği öngörülmektedir.
Uyum Gösterme Eğiliminin Performans Üzerindeki Etkisinde Misyon ve Vizyon Özgünlüğünün Aracı Rolü: Gaziantep İli Halı Sektörü Örneği
Authors: Sevimli Özge
Published: June 2024

Günümüzde gelişen teknoloji, artan rekabet ve küreselleşmeyle beraber işletmeler stratejilerini özenli ve titizlikle yapmaları gerektiğinin farkına varmışlardır. Stratejinin ana temellerinde misyon ve vizyon unsurları yer almaktadır. Misyon ve vizyon unsurları işletmenin ana temellerini, amaçlarını ve hedeflerini oluşturur. Açık ve net şekilde oluşturulan misyon ve vizyon ifadeleri çalışanlar üzerinde olumlu etkiler bırakır, ilham verir ve tek bir amaç altında birleştirir. İşletmelerin misyon ve vizyon ifadeleri gelecekte hedeflerini ve planlarını ortaya koymada önemli kavramlardır.
Misyon ve vizyon ifadelerine sahip olmayan çok az kuruluş vardır, fakat bu ifadeler incelendiğinde bazı işletmelerin ifadeleri oldukça benzer bazı işletmelerin ise anlaşılmayan ve karmaşık ifadelere sahip oldukları görülmektedir. Aslında misyon ve vizyon ifadelerinin açık ve anlaşılır şekilde olması ve diğer işletmelerden farklı olması gerekmektedir. Çoğu işletmelerin misyon ve vizyon ifadelerin doğru kullanılmadığı, sadece yapmış olmak için yaptıkları düşünülmektedir.
Bu bağlamda, çalışmanın amacı Gaziantep ilinde faaliyette bulunan halı sektöründeki firmaların misyon ve vizyon oluşturmada uyum gösterme eğilimlerin performansları üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmaktadır. Araştırmada Gaziantep ili halı sektöründe üretim yapan firmaların web sitelerinden ya da kataloglarından misyon ve vizyon ifadeleri araştırılıp özgün olanlarla özgün olmayanlar ayrıştırılıp üst düzey yöneticilerle üç değişkenden oluşan bir anket çalışması yapılacaktır. Bu veriler ışığında özgün olan firmalar ile özgün olmayan firmalar karşılaştırmalı analize tabi tutulup aralarında başarı açısından fark var mı yok mu? Performansları üzerindeki etkilerine bakılacaktır. Hem çalışan hem de işveren için yararlı olmak adına yapılan çalışmanın her iki tarafa ışık tutma niteliği taşıması hedeflenmektedir.
CYP3A and drug transporters activity changes in Thai elderly with or without chronic kidney disease using a microdose cocktail
Authors:   , Rattanacheeworn Punyabhorn
Published: June 2024

Thai general population has become more “aged society” (>60 years old) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of major public health problems in Thailand. Ageing and CKD are known to affect pharmacokinetics which generally determines drug exposure in plasma and site of action. Due to the related mechanisms are still unclear, cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A and drug transporters activity changes were investigated in Thai elderly with or without CKD compared to healthy adults using a microdose cocktail.

This study was conducted in 3 groups of subjects: Group 1, healthy young subjects; Group 2, healthy elderly subjects; Group 3; elderly with CKD. All subjects received single dose of microdose cocktail probe containing 30 µg midazolam, 750 µg dabigatran etexilate, 100 µg atorvastatin, 10 µg pitavastatin, and 50 µg rosuvastatin. After 14 days of washout period, Group 1 continued period 2 of study received microdose cocktail plus rifampicin. AUC0-last (area under the concentration-time curve from time zero to last quantifiable concentration), AUC0-inf (AUC time zero to infinity), and Cmax (maximum concentration) were mainly estimated. Genotype analysis for Organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B1 and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) transporters was analyzed for excluding confounding factor.

AUC0-last and Cmax of midazolam, a CYP3A probe substrate, were increased ~2 to 3-fold in Group 2 and Group 3. Reduction in elimination rate constant and half-life prolongation were observed in both groups. AUC0-last and Cmax of another CYP3A4 probe substrate, atorvastatin, was increased 2-fold in Group 2 and 4-fold in Group 3. CYP3A4 activity was reduced by advanced age resulting in decreased in midazolam clearance and prolonged half-life. The association of pharmacokinetics changes in other probe drugs with drug transporters activity including OATP1B, intestinal P-glycoprotein (P-gp), and BCRP was still inconclusive.

Microdose cocktail indicates the reduction in CYP3A4 activity associated with advanced age, especially in Thai population. Although OATP1B, P-gp, and BCRP activity of the special population cannot be concluded in this study yet, there was a trend of pharmacokinetic alterations in microdose cocktail probe drugs.
Virus like particle displaying the major allergen Der p 1 as a vaccine candidate against house dust mite allergy
Authors:   , Jitthamstaporn Sirikarn
Published: June 2024

House dust mite (HDM) represents one of the most important allergenic sources worldwide. HDM allergens trigger in atopic patients potent Th2-biased inflammatory responses leading to the development of allergic rhinitis/asthma and atopic dermatitis. The HDM allergic response is mediated mainly by the allergen-specific Th2 cells and IgE. Der p 1, a papain-like cysteine protease, is a major HDM allergen from the Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus species, inducing allergic sensitizations in around 80 percent of HDM allergic populations. Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) represents a unique specific treatment capable to revert the house dust mite (HDM) allergic response into immune tolerance through repetitive subcutaneous or sublingual administrations of mite allergen extracts. However, the AIT duration (minimum 2-3 years), efficacy issues, and side-effect developments could explain the poor adherence of the HDM allergic patients to conventional AIT. As successful AIT was shown to be correlated with the levels of blocking IgG antibodies inhibiting allergen-IgE interactions, new generations of immunotherapies, aimed to boost such blocking of IgE responses, could be more effective than conventional allergen extract-based AIT. Virus-like particles (VLP) are well-known to elicit potent antibody responses, the goal of the present study was to design VLPs displaying a recombinant form of Der p 1 zymogen (ProDer p 1, PD1) and to test the allergenicity and immunogenicity of these chimeric particles. AP205 bacteriophage-based VLPs were decorated with PD1 using the split-protein (SpyTag/SpyCatcher) conjugation technology. To get successful conjugation of PD1 to SpyCatcher-VLP, we had to express SpyTagged-PD1C34A (mutation of the active site cysteine residue of Der p 1). Competitive ELISA IgE assays evidenced that VLP-PD1 has a much lower IgE reactivity in comparison with natural Der p 1 (nDer p 1). Remarkably, PD1 multimerization prevented basophil degranulation. Unadjuvanted VLP-PD1 elicited strong anti-nDer p 1 IgG responses but no specific IgE. Specific IgG induced by VLP-PD1 could inhibit the binding of human IgE to nDer p 1 as well as nDer p 1-specific basophil activation. Finally, lymphoproliferative assays showed that VLP-PD1 triggered allergen-specific Th1 cells as shown by the potent production of IFN-g. In conclusion, VLP decorated with PD1 was hypoallergenic and induced potent blocking IgG antibody response. Such chimeric VLPs could represent a promising vaccine candidate for HDM-specific immunoprophylaxis and immunotherapy.
Clinical Parameters and Biological Markers associated with Acute Severe Ocular Complications in Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis in Thailand
Authors:   , Panpruk Rawiphan
Published: June 2024

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions with high mortality rates. Sequelae such as blindness remained even after recovery. Patients with SJS/TEN should be accurately diagnosed and received appropriate treatment as soon as possible. Therefore, factors for severity prediction are necessary. This study aimed to clarify clinical parameters and biological markers that can predict acute severe ocular complications (SOCs) in SJS/TEN. This retrospective cross-sectional study enrolled forty-seven SJS/TEN patients and divided them into two groups according to ocular severity at the acute onset, non-severe ocular complications group (N = 27) and severe ocular complications group (N = 20). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the disease severity (body surface area detachment ≥ 10%) was identified as a predictive factor for acute SOCs, and older age (≥ 60 years) is marginally significantly as predicting SOCs. When compare biomarkers levels in serum of non-severe and severe ocular complications in SJS/TEN patients, S100A8/A9, and granulysin are marginally significant and tend to increase in the SOCs group. During the early acute stage, focusing on the disease severity, patients' age, and inflammatory biomarkers, i.e., S100A8/A9 and granulysin, might be the predictive factors for the progression of SOCs in SJS/TEN patients who need prompt aggressive ocular management to prevent severe ocular sequelae.
การศึกษาประสิทธิผลของการให้ยาเมนาควิโนน-7 ต่อภาวะการแข็งตัวของหลอดเลือดแดงในผู้ป่วยโรคไตเรื้อรังที่ได้รับการฟอกเลือดด้วยเครื่องไตเทียม: งานวิจัยเชิงทดลองแบบสุ่ม
Authors:   , นัยรักษ์เสรี นวลจันทร์ทิพย์
Published: June 2024

ที่มา: ภาวะพร่องวิตามินเคในเลือดถือเป็นความเสี่ยงที่สำคัญต่อการเกิดภาวะแคลเซียมเกาะผนังหลอดเลือดและนำไปสู่ภาวะหลอดเลือดแดงแข็งสูญเสียความยืดหยุ่นในผู้ป่วยโรคไตเรื้อรังและผู้ป่วยที่ได้รับการบำบัดทดแทนไต อย่างไรก็ตามประโยชน์ของการให้วิตามินเคเสริมต่อโครงสร้างและหน้าที่ความแข็งแรงสมบูรณ์ของหลอดเลือดนั้นยังเป็นเรื่องที่ถกเถียงกันในวงกว้างและยังต้องการหลักฐานงานวิจัยสนับสนุนเพิ่มเติม การศึกษานี้จึงถูกจัดทำขึ้นเพื่อศึกษาประสิทธิผลของการให้วิตามินเคหรือยาเมนาควิโนน-7ต่อการดำเนินของภาวะหลอดเลือดแดงแข็งในผู้ป่วยไตเรื้อรังที่ได้รับการฟอกเลือดด้วยเครื่องไตเทียม

กระบวนการและระเบียบวิธีวิจัย: เป็นการศึกษาทดลองแบบสุ่มในพหุสถาบันชนิดมีกลุ่มควบคุม จัดทำขึ้นในศูนย์ไตเทียม 4 แห่งในจังหวัดกรุงเทพมหานคร ประเทศไทย โดยรวบรวมผู้ป่วยไตเรื้อรังที่ได้รับการฟอกเลือดด้วยเครื่องไตเทียมทั้งหมด 96 คนซึ่งมีภาวะหลอดเลือดแดงแข็งรุนแรงจากการประเมิน carotod-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV ≥ 10 เมตรต่อวินาที) เข้ามาในการศึกษา โดยผู้ป่วยที่เข้าร่วมในการศึกษาจะได้รับการสุ่มแบ่งออกเป็น 2 กลุ่มการศึกษา ได้แก่ กลุ่มรักษาที่ได้รับยาเมนาควิโนน-7 (ขนาด 375 ไมโครกรัมต่อวัน) ในระยะเวลา 24 สัปดาห์ (n=50) และกลุ่มควบคุมที่ไม่ได้รับยาเมนาควิโนน-7 (n=46) โดยผลลัพธ์หลักของการศึกษาคือการเปลี่ยนแปลงของภาวะหลอดเลือดแดงแข็งวัดด้วย cfPWV ระหว่างและหลังการรักษา

ผลการศึกษา: ผู้ป่วยที่เข้าร่วมในงานวิจัย 96 คนมีข้อมูลพื้นฐานไม่แตกต่างกันในทั้งสองกลุ่ม ระหว่างการรักษาที่ 12 สัปดาห์พบว่า ผู้ป่วยในกลุ่มรักษาที่ได้รับยาเมนาควิโนน-7 มีแนวโน้มของภาวะหลอดเลือดแดงแข็งที่ดีขึ้นเมื่อเทียบกับกลุ่มควบคุม (-13.0 ± 20.7% vs -6.8 ± 21.1%, p=0.18) เมื่อวิเคราะห์ในกลุ่มย่อยพบว่า กลุ่มรักษาที่มีภาวะเบาหวานร่วมด้วยมีการลดลงของภาวะหลอดเลือดแดงแข็งที่มากยิ่งขึ้นเมื่อเทียบกับกลุ่มควบคุมที่มีภาวะเบาหวานร่วมด้วย (-9.9±13.8% vs 1.9±17.2%, p = 0.065) นอกจากนี้ผลการศึกษายังแสดงให้เห็นว่า ผู้ป่วยในกลุ่มรักษามีการดำเนินของภาวะหลอดเลือดแดงแข็งน้อยกว่ากลุ่มควบคุมเมื่อตรวจติดตามค่า cfPWV ที่ 12 สัปดาห์  (21.4% vs 34.1%, p = 0.20) โดยเฉพาะผู้ป่วยที่มีภาวะเบาหวานร่วมด้วยเช่นกัน (21.4% vs 58.3%, p = 0.054) ทั้งนี้ระหว่างการศึกษาที่ 12 สัปดาห์ยังไม่พบรายงานยาเมนาควิโนน-7ก่อให้เกิดผลข้างเคียงร้ายแรงต่อผู้ป่วยในงานวิจัยนี้

สรุปผลการศึกษา: การให้ยาเมนาควิโนน-7 รับประทานเสริมขนาด 375 ไมโครกรัมต่อวัน ในระยะเวลา 24  สัปดาห์พบว่า มีแนวโน้มในการลดภาวะหลอดเลือดแดงแข็งจากการวัดด้วย cfPWV ในผู้ป่วยไตเรื้อรังที่ได้รับการฟอกเลือดด้วยเครื่องไตเทียม:7 ซึ่งผลลัพธ์เดียวกันนี้ชัดเจนยิ่งขึ้นในผู้ป่วยที่ภาวะเบาหวานร่วมด้วย อย่างไรก็ตามควรมีการศึกษาเพิ่มเติมในแง่ผลลัพธ์ทางคลินิกของระบบไหลเวียนโลหิตและหัวใจเพิ่มเติมในอนาคต
The difference of plasma 16s ribosomal bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid level between cirrhotic patients with and without hepatic encephalopathy
Authors:   , Thanapirom Kessarin
Published: June 2024

Background: Bacterial translocation (BT) and systemic inflammation play a key role in the pathogenesis of cirrhotic complications. The 16S ribosomal bacterial DNA (bactDNA) has been widely used as a marker of BT. The data on the relationship between BT, systemic inflammation and hepatic encephalopathy (HE) are scarce. This study aimed to assess the difference between plasma 16s ribosomal bactDNA and HE in patients with cirrhosis.

Method: Cirrhotic patients without bacterial infection were enrolled at Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, from August 2021 to December 2022. Grading of HE was classified by the West Haven Criteria and Psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score (PHES) ≤ -5. BactDNA, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), soluble CD14, and venous ammonia levels were all measured.

Results: Overall, 294 cirrhotic patients were enrolled, with 92 (31.3%) and 58 (19.7%) having covert and overt HE, respectively. BactDNA was found in 31.3%, 35.9%, and 48.3% of patients with no HE, covert HE and overt HE, respectively. Patients with overt HE had more bactDNA translocation, and higher levels of serum LBP, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, TNF-α, IL-6, and ammonia than those without HE. Patients with detectable bactDNA had higher white cell counts and serum LBP and IL-6 levels than those without. Levels of plasma bactDNA had a weak significantly positive correlation with venous ammonia, TNF-α and IL-6 (r=0.13-0.32, p0.05).

Conclusion: Apart from hyperammonemia, bactDNA translocation-related systemic inflammation might be a potential pathophysiological mechanism of overt HE in cirrhotic patients.
เวย์โปรตีนกับความรุนแรงของสิวในผู้ชาย
Authors:   , สมโภชพฤฒิกุล กิตติธร
Published: June 2024

วัตถุประสงค์: เพื่อศึกษาผลของเวย์โปรตีนต่อสิว

วิธีการวิจัย: การวิจัยเชิงทดลองแบบสุ่มและมีกลุ่มควบคุมแบบปกปิดทั้งสองฝ่ายที่แสดงความไม่ด้อยกว่าในผู้ชายที่มีสิวหรือมีแนวโน้มจะมีสิว ผู้เข้าร่วมวิจัยถูกสุ่มแบ่งเป็นกลุ่มที่ได้รับ Fresubin® 30 กรัมผสมกับ Ensure® 18 กรัมต่อวัน 25 คน (กลุ่มที่ได้รับเวย์โปรตีน) และกลุ่มที่ได้รับ Ensure® 46 กรัมต่อวัน 24 คน (กลุ่มที่ไม่ได้รับเวย์โปรตีน) เป็นระยะเวลา 6 เดือน มีการตรวจติดตามเดือนที่ 1 3 และ 6 เพื่อประเมินจำนวนสิวรวมทุกชนิด (total acne lesions [IL]), สิวอุดตัน (comedonal lesions [CL]), สิวอักเสบ (inflammatory lesions [IL]) และความรุนแรงสิวตาม Investigator’s Global Assessment (IGA) scale สำหรับสิวบริเวณใบหน้าหรือ modified Physician’s Global Assessment (mPGA) scale สำหรับสิวบริเวณลำตัว และวัดค่าชีวกายภาพของผิวหนัง

ผลการศึกษา: ผลต่างค่าเฉลี่ยจำนวนสิวรวมทุกชนิดบริเวณใบหน้าและลำตัวที่เปลี่ยนไปใน 6 เดือนของกลุ่มที่ได้รับเวย์โปรตีนเทียบกับกลุ่มที่ไม่ได้รับเวย์โปรตีนเท่ากับ -5.99 (ช่วงความเชื่อมั่น 95% = -13.18 ถึง 1.19, P = 0.09) และ -2.18 (ช่วงความเชื่อมั่น 95% = -11.83 ถึง 7.48, P = 0.65) ผู้เข้าร่วมวิจัย 1 (4.3%) คนในกลุ่มที่ไม่ได้รับเวย์โปรตีนมีสิวที่รุนแรงขึ้น 2 ระดับ และมีผู้เข้าร่วมวิจัย 1 คนในกลุ่มที่ไม่ได้รับเวย์โปรตีนขอออกจากการวิจัยที่เดือนที่ 1

สรุป: ผู้ชายที่มีสิวหรือมีแนวโน้มจะมีสิวหลังจากรับประทานเวย์โปรตีนเป็นระยะเวลา 6 เดือน มีจำนวนสิวรวมทุกชนิดและความรุนแรงของสิวบริเวณใบหน้าและลำตัวที่เปลี่ยนแปลงไปไม่ด้อยกว่ากลุ่มที่ไม่ได้รับประทานเวย์โปรตีน
การศึกษาความต้องการปริมาณเงินของ สปป ลาว
Authors:   , วิพรมมะวงสา ตุนี่
Published: June 2024

การศึกษานี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาความต้องการปริมาณเงินของ สปป ลาว โดยทำการทดสอบความสัมพันธ์เชิงดุลยภาพระยะยาว Cointegration Test ด้วยวิธีของ Johansen (1995) ทดสอบการปรับตัวระยะสั้นกลับเข้าสู่จุดดุลยภาพในระยะยาวด้วยวิธี Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) และทำการทดสอบเสถียรภาพของแบบจำลองความต้องการปริมาณเงินของ สปป ลาว ด้วยวิธีผลรวมสะสม The Cumulative Sum (CUSUM) และ The Cumulative Sum of Squares (CUSUMSQ) การศึกษาครั้งนี้ใช้ข้อมูลทุติยภูมิแบบอนุกรมเวลา รายไตรมาสตั้งแต่ 1991Q1 ถึง 2021Q4 รวม 124 ไตรมาส โดยใช้ข้อมูลจากธนาคารแห่ง สปป ลาว

ผลการศึกษาพบว่า ตัวแปรในแบบจำลองมีความสัมพันธ์เชิงดุลยภาพระยะยาวมากกว่า 1 รูปแบบทั้งสองแบบจำลอง โดยที่แบบจำลองความต้องการปริมาณเงิน M1 พบว่า รายได้ที่แท้จริง อัตราเงินเฟ้อ มีความสัมพันธ์ในทิศทางเดียวกันกับความต้องการปริมาณเงิน M1 ในขณะที่อัตราแลกเปลี่ยนกีบต่อดอลลาร์ มีความสัมพันธ์ในทิศทางตรงกันข้ามกับปริมาณเงิน M1 ซึ่งสอดคล้องกับสมมติฐานที่ตั้งไว้ และตัวแปร QR Code แทนการชำระเงินผ่านระบบธนาคาร ไม่มีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติกับความต้องการปริมาณเงิน M1 ซึ่งไม่สอดคล้องกับสมมติฐานที่ตั้งไว้

แบบจำลองความต้องการปริมาณเงิน M2 พบว่า รายได้ที่แท้จริง อัตราดอกเบี้ยเงินฝากระยะสั้น 1 ปีสกุลเงินกีบ และตัวแปร QR Code มีความสัมพันธ์ในทิศทางเดียวกันกับความต้องการปริมาณเงิน M2 ในขณะที่ อัตราเงินเฟ้อ และอัตราแลกเปลี่ยนกีบต่อดอลลาร์ มีความสัมพันธ์ในทิศทางตรงกันข้ามกับความต้องการปริมาณเงิน M2 ซึ่งสอดคล้องกับสมมติฐานที่ตั้งไว้

ผลการทดสอบความเสถียรของแบบจำลองความต้องการปริมาณเงินของ สปป ลาว พบว่ามีความเสถียรในระยะยาว ซึ่งเป็นการสนับสนุนและยืนยันว่า สปป ลาวนั้นมีความเหมาะสมสำหรับกรอบนโยบายการเงินที่กำหนดเป้าหมายปริมาณเงินเพื่อควบคุมอัตราเงินเฟ้อเป็นหลัก และการกำหนดเป้าหมายปริมาณเงินของธนาคารกลางนั้นอาจจะสูงเกินความต้องการเงินที่แท้จริงของ สปป ลาว ซึ่งอาจนำไปสู่เงินเฟ้อที่สูงเกินที่ควรจะเป็น ดังนั้น การกำหนดเป้าหมายปริมาณเงินให้มีความเหมาะสมกับความต้องการเงินที่แท้จริงของ สปป ลาว จะทำให้นโยบายการเงินของ สปป ลาว นั้นมีประสิทธิภาพมากยิ่งขึ้น และ สามารถควบคุมเงินเฟ้อได้ดียิ่งขึ้น ซึ่งข้อจำกัดในการศึกษาครั้งนี้ไม่ได้พิจารณาประเด็นเรื่องของ Currency Substitute ใน สปป ลาว ซึ่งมันอาจจะเป็นประเด็นที่ทำให้การกำหนดเป้าหมายปริมาณเงินของธนาคารกลางสูงเกินไป
ปัจจัยกำหนดปริมาณสินเชื่อของธนาคารพาณิชย์ใน สปป ลาว
Authors:   , อินทุลาด ตุลาคำ
Published: June 2024

การศึกษานี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อวิเคราะห์ปัจจัยทางด้านเศรษฐกิจมหภาคและปัจจัยที่เป็นลักษณะเฉพาะธนาคารที่มีอิทธิพลต่อปริมาณให้สินเชื่อของธนาคารพาณิชย์ใน สปป ลาว โดยใช้กลุ่มตัวอย่างธนาคารพาณิชย์ทั้งหมด 45 ธนาคาร ช่วงเวลาการศึกษา พ.ศ. 2554 ถึง 2563 โดยแบ่งเป็น 4 รูปแบบ ได้แก่ ปริมาณสินเชื่อธนาคารพาณิชย์ทั้งหมดใน สปป ลาว ปริมาณสินเชื่อธนาคารพาณิชย์ที่เป็นของรัฐบาล ปริมาณสินเชื่อธนาคารพาณิชย์เอกชน และปริมาณสินเชื่อธนาคารพาณิชย์สาขาต่างประเทศ โดยใช้วิธีการศึกษาการวิจัยคือ สถิติเชิงพรรณนาและวิเคราะห์ความสัมพันธ์ของแบบจำลองโดยวิธี Panel ได้แก่ Fixed effect model (FEM) และ Random effect model (REM) โดยการประมาณค่าเพื่อหาแบบจำลองที่เหมาะสมที่สุดด้วยวิธี Hausman Test 
ผลการศึกษาพบว่า ปัจจัยกำหนดเศรษฐกิจมหภาคในภาพรวมได้แก่ การลงทุนภาคเอกชน การส่งออกและการนำเข้าสินค้า ส่งผลในทิศทางบวกต่อกิจกรรมการปล่อยสินเชื่อของธนาคารพาณิชย์ใน สปป ลาว อย่างไรก็ตาม เมื่อพิจารณาแต่ละประเภทกลุ่มธนาคารพาณิชย์ก็พบว่า แต่ละประเภทกลุ่มธนาคารพาณิชย์ตอบสนองต่อเศรษฐกิจทิศทางบวกในแต่ละมิติแตกต่างกัน สำหรับปัจจัยทางด้านลักษณะเฉพาะของธนาคารพบว่า ขนาดธนาคาร ปริมาณเงินฝากและความสามารถในการทำกำไรของธนาคารส่งผลในทิศทางบวกต่อการปล่อยสินเชื่อของธนาคารพาณิชย์ใน สปป ลาว ในขณะที่สภาพคล่องส่งผลในทิศทางลบต่อกิจกรรมการให้กู้ยืม นอกจากนี้ ผลการศึกษาครั้งนี้ยังเผยให้เห็นว่า มาตรการในการกำหนดอัตราดอกเบี้ยอ้างอิงของธนาคารกลางที่ดำเนินการใน พ.ศ 2558 เพื่อส่งเสริมให้ภาคธุรกิจและประชาชนเข้าถึงแหล่งทุนที่มีต้นทุนทางการเงินกู้ที่ต่ำลง ไม่ได้ส่งผลกระทบอย่างมีนัยสำคัญต่อกิจกรรมการให้กู้ยืมใน สปป ลาว
The effect of water temperature and carbohydrate drink on intestinal epithelial injury, endotoxemia, splanchnic perfusion, and core temperature, during running in the heat
Authors:   , Rangsimahariwong Warot
Published: June 2024

Background: Prolonged exercise can result in splanchnic hypoperfusion and elevated core body temperature (Tcore), which can contribute to gastrointestinal injury and endotoxemia. The effects of fluid temperature and carbohydrate consumption during exercise on these variables are less clear. Objectives: The study aimed to determine the effects of the temperature of water and carbohydrate drinks on intestinal epithelial injury, endotoxemia, splanchnic perfusion, and Tcore during 60-minute of moderate-intensity running. Methods: Ten participants completed four 60-minute running trials at 70% VO2max with different types of hydration: no water (NW), ambient temperature water (ATW), cold water (CW), and cold carbohydrate water (CW+CHO). Doppler ultrasound of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and portal vein (PV) and blood for intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels were assessed before and after exercise. Tcore was continuously monitored during exercise. Results: I-FABP significantly increased in all trials (NW: 1045.85 ± 1571.73 pg/mL; ATW: 1940.83 ± 910.65 pg/mL; CW: 1567.87 ± 1069.36 pg/mL; and CW+CHO: 779.92 ± 654.40 pg/mL; p < 0.05 for all). LPS showed no significant differences within each trial and between all trials (p >0.05 for all). All fluid replacement trials exhibited a significant reduction in splanchnic hypoperfusion in both SMA and PV compared to NW (p
Functional studies of p.N258K and p.G279D variants in the KCNQ2 gene
Authors:   , Chokvithaya Suphalak
Published: June 2024

Mutations in the KCNQ2 gene encoding for voltage-gated K channel subunits underlying the neuronal M-current, have been associated with infantile-onset epileptic disorders. The clinical spectrum ranges from self-limited neonatal seizures to epileptic encephalopathy and delayed development. Although gain- and loss-of-function mutations of KCNQ2 leads to indistinguishable phenotypes, different therapeutic approaches are required. To better understand genotype-phenotype correlation, more reports of patients and their mutations with elucidated molecular mechanism are needed. Here, we report nine unrelated patients with KCNQ2-related epilepsy carrying de novo heterozygous KCNQ2 p.N258K or p.G279D identified via Trio exome sequencing that has never been previously reported. To investigates the molecular mechanisms by electrophysiological techniques combined with immunofluorescence analysis and western blotting. The Cellular localization and protein expression analysis demonstrates that p.N258K and p.G279D impairs surface membrane expression of Kv 7.2.  Whole-cell patch-clamp analyses revealed that both variants significantly impaired Kv7.2 M-current amplitude and density, conductance depolarizing shift in voltage dependence of activation, membrane resistance, and membrane time constant (Tau), indicating a loss-of-function in both the homotetrameric and heterotetrameric with Kv7.3 channels. In addition, both variants also exerted dominant-negative effects in heterotetrameric with Kv7.3 channels. Thus, novel variants are loss-of-function on Kv7.2 channels, causing infantile-onset epilepsy.
Evaluation of patient radiation dose and risk of cancer from CT examinations
Authors:   , Poosiri Saowapark
Published: June 2024

Computed Tomography (CT) examinations have been increasingly requested and become the major sources of patient exposure. The cancer risk from CT scans is contingent upon the amount of organ absorbed dose. This study aims to evaluate the cumulative effective doses (CED) and risk of cancer incidence and mortality from recurrent CT examinations in a single day. The patient data at aged 15 to 75 years old performed CT examinations during the period of five years from January 2018 to December 2022 were collected from two academic centers. The CED and organ doses were evaluated using Radimetrics™ Enterprise Platform from Monte Carlo simulations. Lifetime attributable risk (LAR) was determined following Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation (BEIR) VII Phase 2 report based on the organ dose, gender, age at exposure, attained age, and demographic statistics of the Thai population (baseline rate of cancer and survival probability data). The number of patients who underwent CT examinations receiving CED 100 mSv and above in a single day was 27, accounting for 0.009 percent of  285,286 CT examinations.  The highest LAR for breast cancer incidence in young female was 82 per 100,000 exposed patients with the breast dose of 148 mGy from CT whole abdomen. The highest LAR for liver cancer incidence in male patient was 72 per 100,000 with liver dose of 133 mGy from multiple CT scans. At low dose, the highest LAR for breast cancer incidence in young female was 23 per 100,000 while for liver cancer incidence in male patients was 22 per 100,000 from CTA whole aorta. Even though the LAR of cancer incidence and mortality was less than 100 per 100,000, they should not be neglected, particularly in young patients. The risk of cancer incidence could be increased in later life. The patient age at exposure has a strong negative correlation with LAR for cancer incidence and the statistically significant, p < 0.05.
Wage premiums for master's degrees in Thai private firms
Authors:   , Xiang Shiyu
Published: June 2024

This study aims to examine the wage premiums experienced by individuals with a master's degree employed in private firms in Thailand in comparison to those with a bachelor's degree. This study utilizes labor force survey microdata from the National Statistical Office of Thailand covering 2008 to 2018. The augmented Mincer wage regression method is used in the analysis. The study's findings indicate that individuals with a master's degree in private firms experienced an average earnings advantage of 55% compared to those with a bachelor's degree between 2008 and 2018. Within the scope of master's degrees, the wage differences between men and women were not statistically significant. However, it is important to note that the choice of specialization in master's degrees notably influenced the wage premium. The research findings indicate that within Thailand's private firms, individuals with master's degrees in humanities and arts, science, social sciences, business, and law exhibit notably higher income levels than those with bachelor's degrees. Furthermore, when conducting a comparative analysis between these two educational degrees, it is observed that individuals majoring in education do not experience a higher wage return than any of the majors above.
Parametric Investigation of Mechanical Aspect for TV Wall Mount Bracket via Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Rosli M.U , Ahmad S.
Published: June 2024

Nowadays, most flat screen television (TV) come with a feature that allows users to mount the TV and it takes some effort on the user's part to attach the mount to the wall and the TV to the mount. Various TV wall mount designs available on the market with different dimensions, thicknesses, and materials may cause mechanical problems. This study aims to analyze the effect of the design parameters on the wall mounting bracket and evaluate the best design parameters for minimal mechanical defects. The validated 3D model is simulated using SolidWorks software. Different wall mount lengths, widths, thicknesses, and TV wall mount bracket designs are selected as factors in this study. Meanwhile, stress, displacement, and strain are selected as responses in this study. Statistical regression analysis analyzes the correlations between design parameters and mechanical defects. The analysis shows that 6 mm thickness, 430 mm length, and 160 mm width have the lowest stress, strain, and displacement. Design 3 is the best wall plate design to minimize stress and strain. To conclude, the results of this study could make the TV wall mount bracket a universal mounting for various weights of TVs.
Investigation of Inline Curing System Using Halogen Lamp on PET Substrate
Authors: Muhammad Najmi bin Zainal  , Rd Khairilhijra Khirotdin  , Muhammad Ariff Fahmi Mohammad  , Nurhafizzah Hassan
Published: June 2024

Halogen lamps have been seen producing faster high temperatures, which potentially reduces the curing time even further, but the current application was performed offline, thus causing the increase in manufacturing time and inaccuracy of the dimension of the ink track printed. Furthermore, the sample may also have been cured by surrounding temperature rather than the selected designated curing process. The inline curing process of conductive ink is required to prevent air cured and simultaneously reduce the manufacturing time. This study aims to evaluate the performance of the inline curing process through a halogen lamp on a PET substrate. The important curing parameters were determined, and the effect on manufacturing time, dispersion rate, and resistance were analyzed. The relationship between the significant parameters, including curing time and temperature, has also been established in which the resistance of the ink track is proportionated to the length of curing time and how high the temperature is applied. The conductive properties were increased when the temperature was elevated, reducing the curing time. However, increasing the time taken to cure the ink caused the substrate to wrap, deform a bit, and slightly damage the sample. It was also observed that the hardness and adhesion level became harder and stronger as the temperature increased. This concludes that the inline curing process using a halogen lamp is feasible on a PET substrate.
Plant Disease Classification Using Image Processing Technique
Authors: Shahrul Fazly Man  , Shafie Omar  , Muhammad Imran Ahmad  , Wan Mohd Faizal Wan Nik  , Tan Shie Chow  , Mohd Nazri Abu Bakar  , Fadhilnor Abdullah  , Asbhir Yuusuf Omar
Published: June 2024

Agriculture remains pivotal to our economy, with farming playing a central role in revenue generation. Challenges such as pests, plant diseases, and evolving climate patterns pose threats to crop yield and production. Addressing these challenges, timely and accurate detection of plant diseases emerges as imperative. Manual detection, however, remains resource-intensive and often lags. Addressing this gap, this project proposes an innovative image processing-based system for rapidly detecting plant diseases. The system proficiently identifies specific diseases by analyzing images of plant leaves against a curated dataset. The emphasis of this study was on three major diseases: Bacterial Blight (with an accuracy of 98.6%), Alternaria Alternata (98.5714%), and Cercospora Leaf Spot (97.5%). The compelling results underline the system's capacity to swiftly and effectively categorize diseases, offering monoculture farmers an indispensable tool for obtaining prompt, disease-specific insights.
Airflow Analysis of the Bus Under Various Velocities Using CFD Simulation
Authors: Muhammad Aiman Hakim Samsuddin
Published: June 2024

This project investigated the aerodynamic effects of various airflow velocities around a bus. Key parameters included airflow velocity and turbulence models, with dependent variables being the velocity and pressure on the bus body. The bus model, sourced from an existing GrabCAD file, was imported into SimFlow 4.0 for analysis. A steady-state simulation was employed, incorporating symmetry conditions, turbulence modeling, boundary conditions, and a baseline post-processing method to visualize the velocity and pressure distributions around the bus. Mesh refinement was carefully adjusted to accommodate the bus's large size and accurately capture the flow gradients. The simulation results were analyzed using Paraview post-processing to evaluate the final velocity and pressure contours. The results showed that the airflow velocities crucially affect the velocity and pressure distribution around the bus. This study yielded significant and insightful results by varying the independent parameters, advancing the understanding of bus aerodynamics under different airflow velocities.
Molecular-Imprinting Assisted Polydopamine-Aptasensor On Carbon and Gold Nanomaterials Construct for The Haemophilia B Biomarker Detection
Authors: Hemavathi Krishnan  , Subash C.B. Gopinath  , Tijjani Adam  , Makram A. Fakhri  , Evan T. Salim  , Narendra Patil
Published: June 2024

The study presents a comprehensive approach for enhancing the performance of a spiral micro-interdigitated electrode (spiral-μIDE) sensor for the detection of FIX protein. Electropolymerization using dopamine resulted in a molecular-imprinted polymer (polyDOP-μIDE-MIP) layer, which encapsulated the aptamer-FIX complex and was later leached to create cavities. Cyclic and linear-sweep voltammetry techniques were utilized for the MIP development and rebinding assessment. Linear sweep voltammetry demonstrated a linear relationship between FIX concentration and peak current reduction, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.250 picomolar. The sensor's sensitivity was determined as 2.613E-10 A.fM-1.μm-2. This work highlights the importance of nanomaterials integration, and electropolymerization in improving sensor performance. The integration of carbon and gold nanomaterials and the use of molecular imprinting contribute to the sensor's enhanced sensitivity and selective detection of FIX protein.
Effectiveness of Starch Nanocrystals on Mechanical and Shape Memory Behaviour of Smart Rubber
Authors: Yi Wei Tan  , Ai Bao Chai  , Kim Yeow Tshai  , Jee Hou Ho  , Shamsul Kamaruddin  , Andri Andriyana
Published: June 2024

Shape memory rubber (SMR) is a type of smart rubber that can undergo reversible changes when exposed to external stimuli such as temperature, solvent, pH, light, magnetic field and oxidation. Lightly crosslinked rubber demonstrated shape memory behaviour without any initial heat treatment. However, the strength of lightly crosslinked natural rubber latex (NRL) film cured by sulphur is relatively low. With the concept of sustainability in mind, the idea of fabricating green smart material for continuous development has motivated researchers to explore the realms of sustainable materials. This research aims to investigate the mechanical behaviour of starch nanocrystals (SNC) reinforced rubber composite films. To this end, the emphasis is laid on evaluating the effectiveness of SNC on shape memory effect (SME) of rubber nanocomposite films. In the current work, up to 8 wt% of SNC synthesized by acid hydrolysis was incorporated into NRL and the mixture was cast to form rubber nanocomposite films. SNC effectively increased the modulus and energy-storing potential of the rubber nanocomposite films. Moreover, the shape memory behaviour of the rubber nanocomposite films improved significantly with SNC content, leading to increased shape fixity (Sf) and full shape recovery (Sr).
Analysis on Silica and Graphene Nanomaterials Obtained From Rice Straw for Antimicrobial Potential
Authors: M. N. A. Uda  , N. H. A Jalil  , M. Firdaus A. Muttalib  , F. Abdullah  , Uda Hashim  , Subash C. B. Gopinath  , M. N. Afnan Uda  , Shahidah Arina Shamsuddin  , N. A Karim  , Ahmad Radi Wan Yaakub  , N. H. Ibrahim  , Tijjani Adam  , N. A. Parmin  , Nadiya Akmal Baharum
Published: June 2024

This study focuses on the encapsulation of silica and graphene nanoparticles and their potential applications. The encapsulation enhances the properties and effectiveness of these nanoparticles, with silica providing stability and graphene contributing to high surface area and electrical conductivity. Characterization of silica-graphene nanoparticles was conducted using various techniques including High Power Microscope (HPM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and 3D Nano Profiler. The antimicrobial activity of silica, graphene, and silica-graphene nanoparticles was evaluated using a disc diffusion assay against E. coli and B. subtilis at varying concentrations. Results showed significant antimicrobial activity, with the inhibition zone being directly proportional to the concentration. Silica-graphene nanoparticles demonstrated higher efficacy against E. coli compared to B. subtilis, attributed to differences in cell wall structure. Statistical analysis using ANOVA confirmed significant differences in antimicrobial activity among the tested components.
Advancing COVID-19 Detection: High-Performance RNA Biosensing via Electrical Interactions
Authors: Uda Hashim  , M. N. Afnan Uda  , M. N. A. Uda  , Tijjani Adam  , Nur Hulwani Ibrahim  , Chai Chang Yii  , Lorita Angeline
Published: June 2024

This research paper investigated the detection of COVID-19 using an Aluminum Interdigitated Electrode (Al-IDE) sensor based on electrical conductivity. The silanization process involved the functionalization step, employing (3-Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES), while the immobilization process was facilitated by the RNA Probe specific to COVID-19. To verify its specificity in detection, the functionalized biosensor was tested against single-base mismatches, non-complementary sequences, and complementary sequences. The physical characteristics of the Al-IDE biosensor were examined using both low-power microscopy (LPM) and high-power microscopy (HPM). Additionally, the morphological properties of the biosensor were assessed using atomic force microscopy (AFM). To assess its diagnostic potential, the biosensor's sensitivity was evaluated by exposing it to a range of complementary targets, spanning from 1 femtomolar (fM) to 1 micromolar (μM). The current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of the biosensor were meticulously analyzed at each stage of functionalization bare Al-IDE, silanization, immobilization, and hybridization. This I-V characterization was carried out using a picoammeter voltage source (Keithley 2450), Kickstart software, and a probe station. The results confirmed the biosensor's capability to effectively detect COVID-19 targets within the nanoampere concentration range, demonstrating its success in detecting specific COVID-19 targets at the nanoampere level.
Characterization of 20 μm Dielectrophoretic Interelectrode Gap for Staphylococcus Aureus Rapid Detection Application
Authors: Arash Zulkarnain Ahmad Rozaini  , Abdullah Abdulhameed  , Revathy Deivasigamani  , Noraziah Mohamad Zin  , Amin Ahmad Kayani  , Burhanuddin Yeop Majlis  , Muhamad Ramdzan Buyong
Published: June 2024

We propose an improvement of dielectrophoresis technique (DEP) by designing, simulating and experiment a 20 μm interelectrode gap for Staphylococcus aureus rapid detection application. In this paper, we use MyDEP simulation for DEP polarization Staphylococcus aureus on frequencies range. COMSOL simulation is utilized for comparison of 20 μm and 80 μm interelectrode gap based on trajectory and velocity of particles for Staphylococcus aureus application. We implied 20 μm interelectrode gap for Staphylococcus aureus application produced higher magnitude DEP force. Which gives accurate trajectory characterization and higher velocity of particle movement. DEP characterization using small interelectrode gap is capable of producing stable and optimum DEP value. It is demanding to distinguish the simulation Staphylococcus aureus using experimental method. DEP technique is important for analysis and characterization of the bacteria. The result show that 20 μm interelectrode gap has higher intensity of electric field which is 1.51 x 10^6 V/m in COMSOL simulation and produced 20.1 m/s for velocity of particle trajectories which is higher compared to 80 μm interelectrode gap. The DEP response was tested on 2.5 MHz, as crossover frequency response was observed on experimental and simulation. Thus, supportsthe capability of 20 μm interelectrode gap for Staphylococcus aureus rapid detection application. Furthermore, DEP characterization can be improvised by focusing on interelectrode gap for characterization among bacteria cells, critical for bacteria detection, manipulation, and isolation.
Current Issues Related to Biomechanics in Engineering
Authors: A.H.Hilmi  , A.R.A.Hamid
Published: June 2024

Motion capture was employed by Eadweard Muybridge and Etienne-Jules Marey. Industry standard for computing joint kinematics is motion capture. Kinematic analysis is a technique used in biomechanics and mechanical engineering to quantify stiff body motion. A joint moment can be computed in one of two ways: bottom-up or top-down. Joint moments measure muscle and joint tension indirectly. Researchers predicted joint moments using kinematic-based characteristics and machine learning outside of the biomechanics lab.Ankle osteoarthritis causes significant biomechanical issues in the foot and lower leg. Patients' 3D multi-segment kinematic foot models were studied. The technique used is Openpose, which recognises the human body from a single photograph.Falling fear is linked to decreased activity, despondency, and anxiety in the elderly. They adopt a hip approach to manage their GRFs and balance. The lateral ankle technique corrects minor foot placement problems by swiftly moving the pressure point. Angular momentum is affected by foot placement and ground reaction forces. Changing the body's centre of mass along a curved trajectory implies large changes in both ground reaction force impulses and ground reaction force.Lens stiffness and a ciliary muscle anterior/inward displacement produce presbyopia. By 55, the majority of folks have lost their ability to accommodate. Cataracts become common around this time, reaching over 70% by 75. The circumferential and meridional stiffnesses rose with anisotropy from pole to equator, but dropped with distance. The Holzapfel model accurately fits the data from inflation and uniaxial mechanical tests.Anatomical motions of the femur during knee flexion were examined. The data revealed morphological and physiological knee kinematic characteristics. The data led to several hypotheses about axial femoral condyle rotation. This review discusses lower limbs, foot positioning, lens capsule, femoral condyle, muscle activation, collagen fibre, knee joint, and walking speed. The purpose is to provide a general overview on the subject matter.