bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of different dietary protein level on growth, production and survivability of threatened Mystus cavasius (Hamilton-Buchanan 1822) in pond habitat
Authors: Samad Md Abdus , Alice Esmot Jahan , Pal Dipankar
Published: January 2021

A study was undertaken to determine the effect of different dietary protein levels on growth, survival and production of Mystus cavasius (Hamilton-Buchanan 1822) with three experimental diets containing 29%, 32% and 35% protein level applied simultaneously to three treatments T1, T2 and T3 respectively each with three replications. The stocking density (1, 11, 150/ha), initial weight (3.00±00 g) and length (2.00±0.00 cm) of fish were same for all the treatments. No significant (P>0.05) difference was found for the mean values of water quality parameters. A suitable range of water quality parameters were recorded with the environment of experimental ponds. In terms of growth, production and survival, relatively highest performance was found in the treatment T3. After 180 days of rearing, average weight gain was 29.16±0.43 g, 31.17±0.30 g and 37.44±0.32 g with the above three different feeds, respectively. The average daily gain (ADG) and specific growth rate (SGR) of all treatments showed significant difference (P<0.05) and the highest value (0.21±0.04 and 1.43±0.01%) was found with the 35% dietary protein level containing diet. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) improved with increase of dietary protein. The findings of FCR were 2.97±0.02 at 29% protein level (T1), 2.64±0.02 at 32% protein level (T2) and 2.20±0.01 at 35% protein level (T3). The results of protein efficiency ratio (PER) values were fairly similar of 1.17±0.02 and 1.18±0.01 for 29% and 32% protein level containing diets respectively indicating low efficiency and the highest efficiency (1.30±0.01) was found with 35% protein level. The findings of condition factor in different treatments for Mystus cavasius were not significantly (P>0.05) varied with the treatments. Calculated values of condition factor were 1.04±0.00, 1.03±0.03 and 1.09±0.05 in treatment T1, T2 and treatment T3, respectively. In pond culture, the performance of treatment T3 was found to be better than the treatment T1 and T2. The production was of 3616±16.74 kg/ha in T3 during the culture period of six months. The best cost benefit ratio (CBR) value (1.98±0.02) was also found with treatment T3. The 35% dietary protein level with treatment T3 resulted in best growth performance and was probably adequate to meet the dietary protein needs of Mystus cavasius (Hamilton-Buchanan, 1822).

Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2020, 6(4): 659-673
Management of hemodialysis unit in a specialized hospital
Authors: Sultana Arifa , Saha Ashees Kumar , Bilkis Afsana , Sultana Papia , Khatun Sajeda , Hossain Kazi Jahangir
Published: January 2021

Chronic Kidney disease is becoming a global public health problem throughout the world. The aim of the study was to assess management status of the hemodialysis unit in a specialized hospital. It was a hospital based descriptive cross sectional study. A total of 17 participants were selected by purposive sampling method on the basis of defined selection criteria from January 2015 to December 2016. The place of study was National Institute of Kidney Diseases and Urology (NIKDU) hospital, Dhaka. The research instruments were a semi structured questionnaire and a checklist. The socio-demographic status of the respondents showed that 11.8 %( n=02) were doctor, 58.8 %( n=10) nurses and 29.4 %( n=05) were technician. Mean age of care providers was 38.82±8.79 years. Majority of respondents, were satisfied regarding the unit including physical facilities 76.5% (n=13) cleanliness of the unit 58.8% (n=10) and medical record facility 52.9% (n=9). Need to strengthen infection control measure and BCC activities among the service providers to improve the management status of the hemodialysis unit of NIKDU hospital.

Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2020, 6(4): 683-688
Management of services in total quality management implemented and non-implemented health facilities
Authors: Begum Muhsina , Saha Ashees Kumar , Begum Sheuly , Akhter Nasima , Borua Pritikona , Riaz Baizid Khoorshid
Published: January 2021

5S-CQI-TQM is a management technique that is aimed at bringing satisfaction of staff as well as the patients through improvement of working environment. A cross-sectional comparative study was carried out among 226 respondents who were selected purposively from the selected study place from 1st January to 31st December 2017. Among 226 respondents, 113 were taken from Dhaka Medical College and another 113 were taken from Mugdha Medical College. Among 113 respondents, 56 respondents were health care providers and 57 respondents were health care receivers. The purpose of this study to compare the management of services in Total Quality Management implemented (Dhaka Medical College and Hospital) and non-implemented (Mugdha Medical College and Hospital) health facilities. A Semi-structured interviewer administered questionnaire and an observational check list were developed to collect the data. Separate questionnaire was used for health care providers and health care receivers. The statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS (statistical package for social science) version 20 statistical software. Significant statistical differences were found between TQM implemented and TQM non-implemented hospital regarding workload (p=0.043), hospital authority always seriously consider staff’s suggestions for the improvement of quality of service (p<0.001), employees always respect to each other in the hospital (p<0.001) and 35 (62.5%) service providers expressed satisfactory opinion regarding management of the hospital.

Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2020, 6(4): 689-696
Workplace environment and performance of nurses in a tertiary level hospital
Authors: Akhter Nasima , Saha Ashees Kumar , Ahmed Mst Jannat Ara , Begum Muhshina , Borua Priti Kana , Das Ringku , Haque Md Mahmudul
Published: January 2021

Workplace environment is an integral part of a hospital. The workplace environment influences on nurses’ performance both positively and negatively. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chittagong from 1st January to 31st December 2017 with the aim to assess the workplace environment and performance of nurses. Total respondents in this study were 210 nurses. Samples were selected by purposive sampling technique. After taking written consent from the respondents, data collection was done by face to face interview using a semi-structured questionnaire with the help of Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire II and Performance Evaluation Rating Scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS. The study findings revealed that 43.3% had good, 51.4% average and 5.2% poor state of physical environment and 10.0% had good, 88.1% average and 1.9% poor state of psychosocial environment. Therefore 70.5% respondents’ performance needed some improvement. The results revealed that there was a significant relationship between educational qualification and workplace performance of nurses (p< 0.001; pulled from χ2 text) and psychosocial environment and workplace performance of nurses (p<0.015; pulled from χ2 text). So, a conducive workplace environment is very crucial in every hospital to improve nurses’ performance and provide quality care.

Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2020, 6(4): 705-713
Medical record keeping practices in a tertiary level hospital
Authors: Barua Priti Kana , Saha Ashees Kumar , Borua Jay Priya , Barua Shampa , Akhter Nasima , Begum Muhsina , Das Ringku , Ahmed Be Nazir
Published: January 2021

Medical record is the most important document in the medical field. This cross sectional study was conducted at Chittagong Medical College hospital from January to December, 2017 with the aim to assess the existing medical record keeping practices. Around 214 patients’ record files were selected by systematic sampling method and 30 record keeping personnel were also interviewed. Data were collected by review of records by observational checklist and semi-structured questionnaire were administered to medical record keeping personnel. This study showed that, out of 44 items of patient record file among them 33 items were recorded in 100%. Majority of the medical records (89.7%) were satisfactorily completed. All of the respondents mentioned that they had no training regarding medical record keeping practices. All the respondents stated that some problem faced during keeping the medical record and (90.0%) respondents stated that computerized medical record system could solve the problem they faced. This study showed that, the medical recording status is good in majority areas but keeping practice was not organized at all. There were important defects in keeping the medical records. It seems that there are multiple factors contributing to the problem, such as lack of manpower, insufficient record room and they had no training about medical record keeping practice. It is necessary for the government to develop policies and strategies to improve medical record keeping practice for patient safety, to reduce error, repetition of investigations, protect the medico legal issues and future health care advancement.

Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2020, 6(4): 723-730
Physical disabilities and psychosocial status of the patients attending in a selected specialized hospital
Authors: Begum Mst Wazeda , Saha Ashees Kumar , Mittra China Rani , Khatun Sajeda , Miah Khorshed Ali
Published: January 2021

This study was conducted at CRP Saver Dhaka, with a view to described the various factors that affect the physical disabilities and psychosocial status of the disabled patients, from January to December, 2015. The sample size was 150 and the data were collected by using purposive sampling technique with face-to-face interview. The study revealed that, counterpart (42%). Rural area was found to have highest (56.7%) of Physical disabilities than urban areas (43.3%). Majority of respondents were come from middle and low income group. Neuromuscular disability found higher numbered (67%) than that of musculo skeletal disability (33%). Regarding reasons of disability stroke (25.3%) was in highest position followed by fall from height (21.39%), RTA (16%) and occupational (5.30%) respectively. Physical disability was one of the major causes of psychological problem. Physical disability hamper the social status, (10.7%) of the respondents were lost their jobs due to disabilities. Study found the significance difference between the physical disabilities and interruption of community involvement (χ2 =34.162, p=<0.05). Studies regarding psychosocial aspect among the disabled are rare. This study might be improving the understanding of psychosocial problem of the physical disabled and thereby strengthening the design of more effective identification, prevention and intervention strategies.

Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2020, 6(4): 738-745
Food intake pattern and nutritional status of hemodialytic patients
Authors: Akter Mousumi , Alam Farzana
Published: January 2021

The incidence of renal disease is increasing at an alarming rate in Bangladesh. Malnutrition is directly correlated with the prevalence with these diseases. A total of 120 dialysis patients from both sexes having mean age 45±13. 79 years undergoing hemodialysis were enrolled for the study in Khulna city, Bangladesh. Information regarding disease history and associated co morbidities were collected from patient’s files. The personal information, prevalent vices, exercise behavior, dietary modifications and clinical and health status of the patients were recorded by using pre-tested questionnaire. Etiology of the chronic renal disease, complications and biochemical parameters were documented from the case files. Renal failure was more prevalent among male than in female. Diabetes mellitus (31.67%) were the most common etiology for chronic renal failure. Pallor of eyes was the most prevailing sign and the most common symptoms are breathlessness (98%), oliguria (88%), anorexia (67%) and nausea (60%). Nutritional status was assessed by anthropometric measurements using body mass index (BMI), mid arm circumference (MAC) and waist hip ratio (WHR). According to BMI, 43% male are grouped in normal category whereas majority of females (52%) are underweight with no overweight female respondents. 80% male had low adequacy of energy whereas all the female patients had adequacy of energy, carbohydrate and protein on low level. Dietary data was obtained by using 24-hour dietary recall and food frequency questionnaire. Actual intake of calories, protein, fats and minerals was lower than the recommended intake for hemodialysis patients. More than 50 percent of patient on hemodialysis were at risk of malnutrition. Around 32% respondents included fruits as per doctor’s advice whereas water and salted foods were restricted to three fourth of patients to protect kidney. Proper assessment of nutritional status, nutritional management and dietary modification can play a central role in preventing malnutrition of hemodialysis patients.

Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2020, 6(4): 746-753
Effect of feed on the performance of upgraded Holstein Friesian bulls during fattening at BAPARD cattle farm in Bangladesh
Authors: Mustafa MMH , Islam MR , Rahman MM
Published: January 2021

The study was conducted to find out the effect of beef cattle diet on the performance of upgraded Holstein Friesian bulls at BAPARD cattle farm in Bangladesh. For this purpose, twelve Local x Holstein-Friesian upgraded bulls (L×F) of average 20 months of age and 213 kg live weight were divided into three equal groups. Three different diets such as (i) a mixed concentrate ration (T1), (ii) mixed concentrate ration and UMS at a ratio of 1:1 on DM basis (T2) and (iii) green Grass based ration without concentrate and UMS. The results found that the average daily live weight gains of three groups was 350g, 330g and 340g respectively, which were not differ significantly (P<0.05). Daily DM intake was significantly higher in T3 but the digestibility found lower than other treatments. In case of feed conversion ratio (FCR), the highest FCR was found in T1 (2.96) but cost of per kg live weight gain was the lowest in T3 (BDT 90) compared to T1 (BDT 140) and T2 (BDT 142). Therefore, considering the FCR and cost of per unit beef production, a beef diet of green grass might be the appropriate diet for the floodplains area for Local x Holstein-Friesian upgraded bulls.

Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2020, 6(4): 761-767
A comparative study of assessing organic matter decomposition between composting and vermicomposting process
Authors: Rahman MZ , Kabir AKMA , Hashem MA , Islam SMA , Haque MR , Rahman MM
Published: January 2021

The aim of the study was to compare the efficiency of organic matter degradation between composting and vermicomposting as well as the possibility of making compost and vermicompost using cattle manure. The experiment was conducted with two treatments, where one was conventional composting (T1) and another was vermicomposting (T2) from cattle manure. The sample from composted materials was collected at 0, 20, 40 and 60th day of experiment. Parameter studied were dry matter (DM), crude fiber (CF), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), ash content of the samples as well as pH and temperature change during the experimental period. Results found that a significant higher DM (P<0.01) was found in T1 compared to T2. The CF degradation rate was significantly higher (P<0.01) in T2 compared to T1 group. The CP content also found significantly higher (P<0.05) in T2 compared to T1 group. There were no significant differences in EE and ash content as well as pH between the treatment groups. A typical temperature curve was found in T1 during active composting phase but the temperature was more or less same in T2 during the whole experimental period. From the experiment, it was found that crude fiber degradation rate is faster and CP content was higher in the T2 compared to T1 that might be indicated that vermicomposting is more beneficial than composting.

Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2020, 6(4): 768-776
Laparoscopic Extended Cholecystectomy for Early Gall Bladder Cancer
Authors: Maharjan Dhiresh Kumar , Thapa Prabin Bikram
Published: January 2021

Background: Laparoscopic approach for early gall bladder cancer (T1b and T2) has been seen to have equal or better early outcomes and late outcomes in terms of overall survival rate and recurrence rate.Methods: This is a prospective cross sectional observational study performed including all consecutive patients who were diagnosed with gall bladder cancer by a single surgical team from August 2018 to February 2020 at Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital or referred from outside for completion extended cholecystectomy where laparoscopic cholecystectomy was done in some other centre.Results: The mean age of the patients was 51.01±9.42 years in the laparoscopic extended cholecystectomy (N=10) group and 49.6±8.35 years in the open extended cholecystectomy (N=10) group (p value=0.711). Conversion rate was 20% in laparoscopic group. The operative time was longer in the laparoscopic group (287 +/-66.50 minutes, 120.0 to 446 minutes vs. 200+/-66.50 minutes, 100 to 405.0 minutes; p< 0.004.However, the laparoscopic extended cholecystectomy group showed faster time to oral intake and time to first passage of flatus and had shorter hospital stay by 2.2 days (4.8+/-0.78 days) than open approach 7+/-0.81 days.(p value=0.00).There were no significant differences between the groups in the tumour size (p=0.079) and number of harvested lymph nodes 9.3 (5 to 13) in laparoscopic group vs. 11.2 (8 to 15) in open extended cholecystectomy group (p=0.250).Conclusions: Laparoscopic extended cholecystectomy is feasible in early gall bladder cancer along with achievement of oncological safety.Keywords: Gall bladder cancer; laparoscopic extended cholecystectomy; open extended cholecystectomy
Misuse of Topical Corticosteroids in Dermatological Disorders in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital
Authors: Chudal Diwakar , Paudel Vikash
Published: January 2021

Background: Topical corticosteroids are one of the most commonly used drugs in dermatology. Their improper use lead to serious adverse effects. However, it’s commonly misused by patients and chemists in Nepal. The main objective of the study was to determine the pattern of misuse of topical corticosteroids, its adverse effects, and factors associated with its misuse. Methods: This was a hospital-based, descriptive study conducted in a tertiary center of Nepal for three months. Patients meeting the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study. Purposive sampling technique was used. Ethical approval was taken prior to study. Informed consent was taken from patients and interviewed using semi-structured questionnaire. The data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS software.Results: Two hundred sixteen patients comprised the study population where males (54.5%) outnumbered females. The mean age was 28.72 years with 21-30 years as the most frequent range. Beclomethasone dipropionate (27.3 %) and clobetasol propionate (26.9%) were the most commonly misused drugs. The most common purposes for the application of these drugs were fungal infections (66%), pigmentary disorders (15%), such as fairness cream, acne, etc. Over-the-counter sale of topical corticosteroids (62%) was significantly higher than other forms of prescription. Aggravation of fungal infections (61.6%), acneiform erruptions, striae, and steroid induced dermatoses were common adverse effects. Conclusions: Topical corticosteroids are common misused drug with high over the counter sales. It is advised that drug authority should take necessary actions for its unethical use. Besides, awareness programs should be conducted for its rational use in public.Keywords: Dermatological disorders; misuse; over the counter drugs; steroids; topical corticosteroids
Distribution of Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin B Antibiotics Resistance Genes in Clinical Isolates of Staphylococci
Authors: Nagarkoti Dharma , Prajapati Krishna , Sharma Ajay Narayan , Gyawali Aarogya , Manandhar Sarita
Published: January 2021

Background: Staphylococci are posing threat due to increasing trend of antimicrobial resistance particularly methicillin. Macrolide lincosamide streptogramin B (MLSB) family of antibiotics is commonly used to treat such infections. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of inducible clindamycin resistance and observation of erm and msr genes among Staphylococci isolated from tertiary care hospital of Nepal during July 2017 to March 2018.Methods: Staphylococci from different clinical specimens were identified and antibiotic susceptibility profile was assessed following Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. The double disc diffusion or D-zone test as outlined in CLSI document M100-S24 was performed to examine inducible clindamycin resistant isolates. Multiplex PCR was performed for detection of erm and msr gene in isolates using specific primers for ermA, ermB, ermC, msrA and msrB genes.Results: Of the 60 Staphylococci isolates, 39 (65%) were S. aureus and 21 (35%) were coagulase negative Staphylococci (CNS) with 25 (64%) and 15 (71%) representing methicillin resistant S. aureus and CNS respectively. Constitutive and inducible MLSB phenotype was observed among 24 (40%) and 14 (23%) isolates respectively by D test. The most prevalent resistant gene was ermC (37%) followed by msrB (12%), ermB (10%) and msrA (10%). None of the isolates were found to possess ermA gene. Conclusions: The presence of constitutive and inducible MLSB as well as resistant genes among Staphylococci necessitates detection of such isolates to minimize treatment failure. The result from this study may help elucidate the predominant resistant characteristics in clinical Staphylococci isolated from tertiary care hospital of Nepal.Keywords: D test; erm gene; MLSB; msr gene; staphylococci.
Trend and Patterns of Research Proposals Submitted for Ethical Review in Nepal Health Research Council
Authors: Ghimire Namita , Vaidya Anju , Sah Anil Kumar , Karakheti Ashwin , Rana Krishna , Malla Pragya , Gyanwali Pradip , Jha Anjani Kumar
Published: January 2021

Background: The characteristics of research proposals submitted to the Nepal Health Research Council reflect the trend of health-related researches being conducted in Nepal. The objective of the study was to analyze research proposals submitted for the ethical review in Nepal Health Research Council from 2017 to 2019.Methods: A retrospective record review of research proposals received over three years from 2017 to 2019 were analyzed. A total of 2,305 research proposals was included in the study. The number of research studies per year, types of study design, priority area of research, and rejected proposal were the intended variables for the study. Results: 91.45% (503), 92.19% (748), and 755 (80.1%) of received proposals were approved from Ethical Review Board in 2017, 2018 and 2019. The number of research proposals increased every year (550 in 2017, 812 in 2018, and 943 in 2019). Among the approved proposals non-communicable disease (n=150;15.90%) in 2019} was the topmost prioritized area in all three years followed by reproductive health [93 (9.86%) in 2019] and communicable disease [67 (7.10%) in 2019] respectively. Quantitative research was more than two-third in all the years. Among the approved proposals, more than half were for an academic purpose [ 610 (64.69%)]. The reason for the rejection of the proposal was the conduction of research before ethical approval [2 (0.36%) in 2017, 2 (0.25%) in 2018, and none in 2019].Conclusions: There was a rising trend of research proposals for ethical clearance being submitted to the Nepal Health Research Council. Research related to non-communicable disease followed by reproductive health was the commonest one. Keywords: Ethical approval; ethical review board; research proposals; record review
Drug therapy in Pediatric Scrub Typhus – Is ‘not Giving Azithromycin’ a Risk Factor for PICU Admission?
Authors: Arun Babu Thirunavukkarasu , Narayanasamy Dinesh Kumar
Published: January 2021

NA
Disappearance of Influenza during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Nepal’s Experience
Authors: Pun Sher Bahadur
Published: January 2021

NA
Grammar of Skolt Saami
Authors: Feist Timothy
Published: January 2021

Skolt Saami is a Finno-Ugric language spoken primarily in northeast Finland by less than 300 people. The aim of this descriptive grammar is to provide an overview of all the major grammatical aspects of the language. It comprises descriptions of Skolt Saami phonology, morphophonology, morphology, morphosyntax and syntax. A compilation of interlinearised texts is provided in Chapter 11.

Skolt Saami is a phonologically complex language, displaying contrastive vowel length, consonant gradation, suprasegmental palatalisation and vowel height alternations. It is also well known for being one of the few languages to display three distinctive degrees of quantity; indeed, this very topic has already been the subject of an acoustic analysis (McRobbie-Utasi 1999).

Skolt Saami is also a morphologically complex language. Nominals in Skolt Saami belong to twelve different inflectional classes. They inflect for number and nine grammatical cases and may also mark possession, giving rise to over seventy distinct forms. Verbs belong to four different inflectional classes and inflect for person, number, tense and mood. Inflection is marked by suffixes, many of which are fused morphemes.

Other typologically interesting features of the language, which are covered in this grammar, include (i) the existence of distinct predicative and attributive forms of adjectives, (ii) the case-marking of subject and object nominals which have cardinal numerals as determiners, and (iii) the marking of negation with a negative auxiliary verb.

Skolt Saami is a seriously endangered language and it is thus hoped that this grammar will serve both as a tool to linguistic researchers and as an impetus to the speech community in any future revitalisation efforts.
Marin kirjakielten termistön kehitys 1920- ja 1930-luvulla
Authors: Moisio Arto , Sergejev Oleg , Krasnova Nadežda , Luutonen Jorma
Published: January 2021

Marilaiset saivat 1920-luvun Neuvostoliitossa mahdollisuuden vapaasti kehittää kirjakieltään. Reilun vuosikymmenen aikana luotiin eri tieteenaloja varten runsaasti termistöä, jota hyödynnettiin marinkielisissä oppikirjoissa. Poliittinen tilanne kuitenkin muuttui 1930-luvun lopussa, ja marin kielen omapohjainen kehittyminen katkesi. Marilaiset termit korvattiin venäjänkielisillä vastineillaan. 
Tämä teos on ensimmäinen laaja ja yksityiskohtainen tutkimus marin kielten 1920- ja 1930-luvun sanastonkehittelyn tuloksista. Elollista luontoa tutkivien tieteiden termistöä on kirjassa kuvattu syvällisesti tieteenalojen käsitteistä lähtien. Lisäksi on kartoitettu niitä morfologisia ja semanttisia keinoja, joiden avulla uusia sanoja muodostettiin.
Teos sisältää yleistajuisen johdannon marien ja heidän kirjakieltensä historiaan. Näin kirja soveltuu paitsi kielentutkijoiden myös kaikkien marin kielestä kiinnostuneiden käyttöön.
Irkçılık ve Ayrımcılığın Önlenmesi: Türkiye’deki Mevcut Durum ve Sosyal Hizmet İçin Öneriler
Authors: Şahin Taşağın Nese
Published: January 2021

Irkçılık ve ayrımcılık karşıtı uygulama, sosyal hizmetin temel konularından ve etik ilkelerinden biridir. Ayrımcı ve ırkçı muamele, aynı zamanda insan hakları ihlalidir. İnsanlar, ayrımcılık ve ırkçılığa maruz kalmaları nedeniyle sosyal hizmet yararlanıcısı olabildikleri gibi, sosyal hizmetlerden yararlanma süreçlerinde de ayrımcılığa ve ırkçılığa maruz kalabilmektedirler. Bu nedenle ayrımcılık ve ırkçılık, sosyal hizmet eğitiminde ve mesleki uygulamalarda sıklıkla ele alınan ve çalışılan konular olagelmiştir. Irkçılık ve ayrımcılık karşıtı, radikal, eleştirel, feminist sosyal hizmet ile bu yaklaşımlardan beslenen baskı karşıtı sosyal hizmet teorisi ve uygulaması üzerine geniş bir sosyal hizmet literatürü bulunmaktadır. Bu makalede, ayrımcılık ve ırkçılık, insan hakları temelinde ele alınarak, Türkiye’deki yasal durum ve uygulamalar aktarılmış, sosyal hizmet eğitimi ve uygulamalarında yapılabilecekler üzerine önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Ergenlerle Sosyal Hizmet Uygulamalarında Yaratıcı Dramanın Kullanımı
Authors: Ege Ahmet
Published: January 2021

Bu çalışmada, sosyal hizmet uygulamalarına, yaratıcı dramanın sunabileceği katkı ergenlik dönemi üzerinden ele alınmış ve ergenlerle gerçekleştirilen sosyal hizmet uygulamalarına, yaratıcı dramanın hangi kuruluşlarda nasıl bir katkı sağlayabileceği örneklerle tartışılmıştır. Sosyal hizmet, ergenlerin sorunlarının çözümü, ihtiyaçlarının karşılanması ve haklarının sağlanması için, bütüncül bir bakış açısıyla ergen ve ergenin etkileşimde olduğu çevre üzerinden uygulamalar yapmaktadır. Sosyal hizmet alanlarında üzerinde önemle durulan uygulamalardan biri de grupla çalışmadır. Bir grupla çalışma yöntemi olan yaratıcı drama, içerdiği oyunsu süreçler, gerçekleştirilen canlandırmalar ve bu canlandırmalarla sağlanan sorgulama ve yapılan değerlendirmelerle grup üyeleri ya da katılımcılar için önemli kazanımlar sağlamaktadır. Bu yönüyle yaratıcı drama bu çalışmada, ergenlik dönemine ilişkin sorgulamalara, dönemin gelişim görevlerine, ergenlerin sorunlarına, ihtiyaçlarına ve haklarına yönelik önemli kazanımları beraberinde getirebilecek bir yöntem olarak tartışılmıştır. Bu kapsamda yaratıcı drama, ergenlerle çalışılan sosyal hizmet kuruluşlarına ve sosyal hizmet uygulamalarına katkı sağlayabilecek bir grupla çalışma yöntemi olarak ele alınmıştır.
Sosyal Hizmet Uygulamalarında Bireysel ve Toplumsal Değerlerin İşlevselliğine Kavramsal Bakış
Authors: Özmete Emine , Algan Taner
Published: January 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı; bireysel ve toplumsal değerlerin, koruyucu, önleyici ve müdahale edici sosyal hizmet uygulamalarındaki etkililiğini kavramsal olarak açıklamak ve sosyal hizmet uygulamalarında, değerlerin ne denli işlevsel olduğunu/olabileceğini ortaya koymaktır. Bu kapsamda; değerin tanımı, kapsamı, işlev ve nitelikleri, değerlerin sınıflandırılması, bireysel ve toplumsal değerlerin yapısı ve işlevleri, sosyal hizmet mesleğinin değerleri ile toplumsal değerler arasındaki ilişki açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Tutumların eylemlere dönüşmesini sağlayan ve toplumlarda sosyo-kültürel farklılıklara anlam veren değerler; sosyal hizmet uygulamalarında “birey”i (mikro) ve “toplum”u (makro) anlamada en önemli toplumsal dinamiklerden biri olarak kabul görmektedir. Sosyal hizmet uygulamaları, birey ve çevre arasındaki ilişkiye odaklanarak; mesleki değerlerin yanı sıra bireysel ve toplumsal değerleri merkeze alarak yürütülmektedir. Bireyin güçlenmesi için bireyin sahip olduğu ve önem verdiği değerleri kullanarak müdahale planı oluşturulur. Bu nedenle sosyal hizmet eğitimi, yaklaşımları, modelleri ve uygulamalarında; bireysel, toplumsal ve mesleki değerler ile ilgili konulara geniş bir şekilde yer verilmesi; meslek elemanlarının değerleri koruma, önleme ve müdahale alanlarında işlevsel olarak kullanma pratiklerinin artırılması önemlidir.
COVID-19 Pandemisi Bağlamında Evsizler, Mevsimlik Tarım İşçileri, Mülteci, Şartlı Mülteci ve Geçici Koruma Kapsamında Bulunan Suriyelilerin Sorunları Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: Doğan Betül Kübra , Pekasıl Ayşe Nur
Published: January 2021

Toplum sağlığını etkileyen Covid-19 pandemisinin ağır sonuçları olmakta ve pandemi süreciyle etkili mücadele etmek için pek çok ülke sıkı önlemler almaktadır. Bu süreçte alınan önlemler arasında, pandemiyle mücadelenin önemli basamağını oluşturan ‘evde kalma durumu’nun sosyal izolasyon ortamı içerisine alınmayan hassas nüfus gruplarını nasıl etkilendiği ise bilinmemektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; Covid-19’un “evde kalamayan” ve “evlerinden olan” hassas gruplar üzerinde etkisine odaklanarak grupların olası sorunlarını tartışmak ve artan eşitsizliklere dikkat çekmektir. Evde kalamayan evsizler ve mevsimlik gezici tarım işçileri; evlerinden olan mülteci, şartlı mülteci ve geçici koruma kapsamında bulunan Suriyeliler çalışmanın kapsamına dâhil edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak; potansiyel eşitsizlik durumunun ortadan kaldırılabilmesi amacı ile yapılan çalışmalarda bu gruplara yer verilmesi, Covid-19 sürecinde kırılganlaşan grupların politika ve hizmetlerde gözetilerek bu gruplara yönelik endişenin giderilmesi ve multidisipliner ekip çalışması ile müdahalenin etkililiğinin tartışılması gerekmektedir.
Eleştirel Sosyal Hizmet Teorisi ve Uygulaması
Authors: Albayrak Hande
Published: January 2021

Eleştirel sosyal hizmet teorisi, sunduğu eleştirel düşünmeye dair çerçeve dolayısıyla sosyal hizmet uygulamalarının merkezinde yer almaktadır. Bu teori, bireylerin karşılaştıkları sorunları sosyal yapı ve hâkim gruplar ile ilişkilendirilerek ele alınmasını içeren eleştirel düşünme, eleştirel değerlendirme ve uygulama çerçevesi doğrultusunda sosyal hizmetin sosyal değişim ve gelişim, insanların güçlenmesi ve özgürleşmesi ideallerinin gerçekleştirmesi için önemli bir yol sunmaktadır. Eleştirel sosyal hizmet radikal, yapısal, feminist, baskı karşıtı, ayrımcılık karşıtı, ırkçılık karşıtı ve post modern yaklaşımlar gibi birçok yaklaşımı kapsayan temel bir anlayışa sahiptir. Eleştirel sosyal hizmet teorisi, günümüz koşullarında her geçen gün daha da ihtiyaç duyulan bir yaklaşım olarak nitelendirilmektedir. Yapılan bu derleme çalışması ile eleştirel sosyal hizmet teorisi ve uygulamasına dair kapsamlı bir anlayış oluşturmak amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda eleştirel sosyal hizmet teorisi sosyal hizmette eleştirel yanın gelişimine, eleştirel teoriden aldığı temel fikirlere ve uygulama süreçlerine dair bilgilerle ele alınmıştır.
The Conditions Around Engagement in Interventions Among Perpetrators of Domestic Violence: Literature Review
Authors: Turhan Zeynep
Published: January 2021

This article reviews the available literature on major theoretical explanations for understanding engagement by focusing on the stages and circumstances of male perpetrators’ involvement in domestic violence interventions. The review aims to improve the insights into theoretical accounts by conceptualising the perspectives of participants’ motivational influences in changing violent behaviour in domestic violence perpetrator programmes. This article applied a critical literature review to explore theoretical explanations of engagement in domestic violence perpetrator interventions. Various factors in relation to theoretical conceptualisations are identified since different conditions can impact on perpetrators’ engagement. This theoretical overview is helpful to recognise how these theories and models enable us to understand how key circumstances impact the effectiveness of their involvement in interventions. This article attempts to provide an integrated framework for understanding domestic abusers’ engagement process in intervention programs and suggests approaches that will increase engagement and subsequent behaviour change.
PENGEMBANGAN LKPD BERBASIS GROUP INVESTIGATION PADA MATERI SISTEM TATA SURYA
Authors: Eka Puji Anggraini  , Nur Kuswanti  , Andri Wahyu Wijayadi
Published: January 2021

Tujuan umum dari penelitian yang dilakukan adalah mengembangkan LKPD IPA Sistem Tata Surya berbasis model pembelajaran tipe GI yang layak berdasarkan validitas. Sedangkan tujuan khusus dari penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan proses pengembangan LKPD IPA berbasis GI pada materi Sistem Tata Surya berdasarkan prosedur pengembangan ADDIE, dan mendeskripsikan kelayakan LKPD IPA Sistem Tata Surya yang dikembangkan berdasarkan Validitas LKPD IPA Sistem Tata Surya berbasis model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe GI. Penelitian pengembangan yang dilakukan menghasilkan produk LKPD IPA berbasis GI pada materi Sistem Tata Surya. Proses pengembangan menghasilkan 3 draft LKPD yang telah mendapat saran dan masukan dari dosen pembimbing dan validator dari ahli materi, ahli media dan guru IPA. Hasil penilaian dari validator terhadap LKPD IPA berbasis GI yang dikembangkan menunjukkan bahwa LKPD IPA berbasis GI yang dikembangkan mendapat skor rata-rata 3, 71 dengan kategori sangat valid.

Kata Kunci: Sistem Tata Surya, Model GI, Peserta Didik
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI MATEMATIS SISWA SMA DITINJAU DARI KARAKTERISTIK KEPRIBADIAN KEIRSEY (ARTISAN, GUARDIAN, IDEALIS DAN RASIONAL)
Authors: Meitha Arinindya Putri  , Haerudin  , Nita Hidayati
Published: January 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa SMA yang ditinjau dari karakteristik kepribadian Keirsey, yakni artisan, guardian, idealis dan rasional. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Dengan sampel 8 orang siswa pada salah satu SMA di kabupaten Karawang yang dipilih berdasarkan perolehan dua nilai teratas dari masing-masing tipe kepribadian pada tes angket untuk menggolongkan tipe kepribadian. Adapun instrumen yang digunakan adalah angket kategori empat kepribadian Keirsey, tes tulis kemampuan komunikasi matematis, serta wawancara. Hasil penelitian ini adalah terdapat perbedaan cara masing-masing tipe kepribadian dalam menyelesaikan masalah kemampuan komunikasi matematis. Hal ini terlihat dari subjek dengan kepribadian artisan tidak mampu dalam sebagian besar indikator, menjawab soal dengan optimis, percaya diri, cenderung tergesa-gesa, kurang mengerti dalam penggunaan simbol serta menggunakan cara yang paling efektif. Subjek dengan kepribadian guardian tidak mampu dalam sebagian besar indikator, mengerjakan dengan tekun, menggunakan prosedur rutin yang umum, kurang memahami tujuan soal, lamban, serta berfokus kepada rasa aman. Subjek dengan kepribadian idealis sangat mampu dalam indikator kemampuan menuliskan apa yang diketahui dan ditanyakan sesuai permasalahan dalam soal, menyelesaikan dengan cara yang tertata, rapih, namun kurang teliti pada penggunaan simbol. Subjek dengan kepribadian rasional sangat mampu dalam indikator kemampuan menuliskan alasan dalam menjawab soal, cukup mampu indikator kemampuan menuliskan istilah-istilah dan simbol-simbol matematika, cukup mampu dalam indikator kemampuan menuliskan apa yang diketahui dan ditanyakan sesuai permasalahan dalam soal, serta kurang mampu pada indikator lainnya, menyelesaikan dengan cara teoritis, logis, cerdas, fleksibel, berpikir abstrak, serta mampu menjelaskan langkah-langkah penyelesaian secara benar dan tepat.

Kata Kunci: artisan, guardian, idealis, komunikasi, rasional
ANALISIS VALIDASI PENGEMBANGAN MODUL PEMBELAJARAN KUBUS DAN BALOK BERBASIS CONTEXTUAL TEACHING AND LEARNING
Authors: Nurida Ulinuha  , Siti Khabibah  , Siti Faizah
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk membuat dan mengukur validitas modul pembelajaran matematika materi kubus dan balok berbasis contextual teaching and learning untuk kelas VIII SMP/MTs sederajat. Metode penelitian mengadaptasi penelitian pengembangan model ADDIE yang menggunakan empat tahapan saja yaitu analysis, design, development, dan evaluation. Hasil validasi modul dari validator ahli media dan validator ahli materi masing-masing mendapatkan rata-rata 89,583 dan 91,667 dengan kriteria sangat valid.

Kata Kunci: modul pembelajaran matematika, contextual teaching and learning, ADDIE.
USING PICTURES AND GUIDED QUESTIONS TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ ABILITY IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT
Authors: Utami Ratna Swari
Published: January 2021

This research is classroom action research. It is carried out at 3rd semester students PGSD study program in Panca Marga University Probolinggo, consisting of 32 students. The objective of the research is to find out how can pictures and guided questions be implemented to improve students’ ability in writing descriptive text. This research is conducted in 2 (two) cycles. The procedure of the research consist of: preliminary study, planning, action, observation, and reflection. Qualitative data are obtained from observation checklist, field notes and interview. While quantitative data are gained from the product of students’ descriptive text writing. The result of the research shows that using picture and guided questions can improve students’ ability in writing descriptive text. As the indicator of success, the researcher adapted scoring rubric consisting 4 level: Level 1 = Very Poor, Level 2 = Fair to Poor, Level 3 = Good to Average, and Level 4 = Excellent to Very Good. It is considered success if 63 % or more than 63% students have reached level 3. In preliminary study only 28% students belongs to level 3. In cycle 1 there a slight significant showing percentage improvement in level 3 (47% students reached level 3). In second cycle, the result of students’ writing finally shows a high improvement, 69% students have reached level 3. It indicates that using picture and guided questions can improve students’ ability in writing descriptive text.

Keywords: picture, guided questions, writing, descriptive text
Key Environmental Factors for Rapid Intensification of the South China Sea Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Chen Yao , Gao Si , Li Xun , Shen Xinyong
Published: January 2021

Forecasting rapid intensification (RI) of the South China Sea (SCS) tropical cyclones (TCs) remains an operational challenge, mainly owing to the incomplete understanding of its physical mechanisms. Based on TC best-track data, atmospheric analysis data, and sea surface temperature data, this study compares temporal evolution characteristics of environmental conditions from the previous 24 h to the onset time for RI and non-RI TCs in the SCS during 2000–2018, and then identifies key factors for RI of the SCS TCs using the box difference index and stepwise regression. A combination of strong divergence in the upper troposphere and strong convergence in the boundary layer, weak deep-layer vertical wind shear, fast storm translation speed, and high TC intensification potential (i.e., maximum potential intensity minus current intensity) north of the storm center at the previous 24 h are favorable for RI of the SCS TCs, and their importance for RI is in descending order. The results may shed light on operational forecasting of rapid intensification of the SCS TCs.
Levothyroxine Therapy in Thyrodectomized Patients
Authors: Miccoli Paolo , Materazzi Gabriele , Rossi Leonardo
Published: January 2021

Administration of the optimal dose of levothyroxine (LT4) is crucial to restore euthyroidism after total thyroidectomy. An insufficient or excessive dosage may result in hypothyroidism or thyrotoxicosis, either one associated with a number of symptoms/complications. Most literature regarding the LT4 dosage deals with the treatment of primary hypothyroidism, whereas a limited number of studies handle the issue of thyroxin replacement after total thyroidectomy. A literature review was performed focusing on all papers dealing with this topic within the last 15 years. Papers that reported a scheme to calculate the proper LT4 dose were collected and compared to set up a review exploring limits and drawbacks of LT4 replacement therapy in the wide population of patients who had undergone thyroidectomy. Most of the methods for monitoring and adjusting thyroid hormone replacement after thyroidectomy for benign disease use LT4 at an empirical dose of approximately 1.6 μg/kg, with subsequent changes according to thyroid function test results and assessments of the patient’s symptoms. Approximately 75% of patients require a dose adjustment, suggesting that factors other than body weight play a role in the determination of the proper LT4 dose. Hence, several schemes are reported in the literature for the proper initial dose of LT4. An inadequate level of thyroid hormone levels in these patients can be due to several factors. The most common ones that lead to the necessity of LT4 dose adjustments include lack of compliance, changes in LT4 formulation, dosage errors, increased serum levels of T4-binding globulin, body mass changes, and dietary habits. Moreover, concomitant ingestion of calcium supplements, ferrous sulfate, proton-pump inhibitors, bile acid sequestrants, and sucralfate might influence LT4 absorption and/or metabolism. Furthermore, some gastrointestinal conditions and their treatments can contribute to suboptimal LT4 performance by altering gastric acidity and thereby reducing its bioavailability, particularly in the solid form. Beyond the classic tablet form, new formulations of LT4, such as a soft gel capsule and an oral solution, recently became available. The liquid formulation is supposed to overcome the food and beverages interference with absorption of LT4 tablets.
Evaluation of Heavy Metal Pollutants From Plateau Mines in Wetland Surface Deposits
Authors: Yu Li , Kaiyi Shi , Jie Yuan , Qiyu Kuang
Published: January 2021

The Liupanshui Minghu Wetland is a typical artificial urban wetland in a plateau mining region. It is important to identify the sources and potential ecological risks of heavy metal contaminants in its surface sediments to monitor the wetland and the downstream water quality and prevent pollution. In this study, we measured the concentrations of six toxic heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Cd) in the surface sediments collected from the Liupanshui Minghu Wetland. Further, the geological accumulation indices of heavy metals and their potential ecological risk indices, pollution levels, and associated ecological hazards were evaluated. The average levels of Pb, Zn, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Cd in the superficial sediments were 197, 222, 79.0, 59.1, 68.6, 4.67 mg/kg, respectively. With the exception of Cr, the concentrations of the remaining metals were greater than the background levels in the region. The Statistical analysis indicated a strong correlation between Pb, Zn, Cr, and Cu (p < 0.01). The pollution in the wetland by these elements can be attributed to human activities such as transportation, industrial activity, and agricultural production. Ni and Cd pollution can be attributed to human activities, such as coal mining, and natural phenomena, such as the weathering of mountains and rocks. The geological accumulation indices of Zn, Ni, and Cu indicated low levels of accumulation and minimal contamination. Cd and Pb were moderately enriched, and the levels of Cd and Pb contamination ranged from moderate to high. The potential ecological risk to the Shiyuan region (S) was the highest among the three regions in the wetland park. It was followed by the Longtoutan (L) region, and the potential ecological risk was the lowest in the Erdaoba (E) region. Among the six heavy metals, Cd was the main contributor to pollution in the Minghu Wetland. This study also strives to provide theoretical basis and data support for the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution in artificial wetlands in Alpine mining areas.