bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diverse outcomes in SMARCB1-deficient rhabdoid tumors: A single institute experience
Authors: Katsumi Yoshiki , Iehara Tomoko , Kuwahara Yasumichi , Tsuchiya Kunihiko , Konishi Eiichi , Hosoi Hajime
Published: February 2021

Rhabdoid tumors (RTs) are a rare and aggressive pediatric cancer that
commonly show alterations in the tumor suppressor gene SMARCB1. However,
RT prognosis is still poor, with no standard treatment, predictive
biomarkers for its aggressiveness, or chemo- and radio-sensitivity.
Herein, four cases of extra-cranial RTs are described, two of which were
in long-term survivors. These two surviving cases were positive for p16,
whereas the other two were p16-negative. These findings suggest that p16
expression may represent a potential positive prognostic biomarker in
RTs; nevertheless, further studies are required.
A relação entre Design e Artesanato na valorização da cultura local: Representação e aprendizado entre estudantes e artesãs (Maranhão, Brasil)
Authors: Câmara João Matheus de Barros , Barbosa Sâmio Lucas Pachêco
Published: February 2021

Este artigo apresenta o processo de integração, aprendizado e trabalho entre estudantes e artesãs nas cidades de São José de Ribamar e São Luís, no Maranhão (Brasil). Foram realizados encontros e oficinas de aprendizado e representação sobre manifestações no contexto afro maranhense e práticas sobre construção de objetos em cerâmica, buscando aproximar universidade e comunidade, proporcionar alternativas de produção artesanal e experimentar ferramentas de reconhecimento e criatividade para a valorização da cultura local. Utilizando o metaprojeto como metodologia, os saberes das artesãs e técnicas de compreensão, análise e a prática de desenhos para nortear o projeto, os envolvidos no processo conseguiram construir novos produtos e identidades visuais, colaborando com a difusão do artesanato na comunidade e no reconhecimento de patrimônios culturais imateriais, como o Tambor de Crioula. Uma experiência educacional e cultural que também pode ser realizada em outros contextos.
To Compare the Outcome of Patients Who Are Receiving Remdesivir within 10 Days of Symptom Onset to those Receiving Remdesivir after 10 Days of Symptom Onset
Authors: H R Avinash , N Satyanarayana , S B Vaibhav , P Pratheek
Published: February 2021

Background: A novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first identified in December 2019 as the cause of a respiratory illness designated Covid-19.Several therapeutic agents have been evaluated for the treatment of Covid-19, but no antiviral agents have yet been shown to be efficacious.
Remdesivir (RDV) is the only antiviral drug registered currently for the treatment of COVID-19 after a few clinical trials with controversial results. The purpose of this study was to compare the outcome of patients who are receiving Remdesivir within 10 days of symptom onset to those receiving Remdesivir after 10 days of symptom onset. Objectives: To compare the outcome of patients who are receiving Remdesivir within 10 days of symptom onset to those receiving Remdesivir after 10 days of symptom onset. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 100 patients admitted to ESIC MC & PGIMSR MODEL HOSPITAL BENGALURU during the study period from July 2020 to December 2020. Data were collected from case files of patients presenting to the Department of General Medicine Triage and COVID Ward/ICU at ESIC Bangalore fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Results: In the study, the percentage of patients who were discharged were 93.2% in the patients who received Remdesivir within 10 days of onset of the symptoms and 75% in patients who received Remdesivir more than 10 days of onset of the symptoms. The death was significantly lower among those were received Remdesivir early (<10 days) i.e. 6.8%, while 25% among those who received the same treatment late (>10days). This observation is significant with a p-value of 0.039. Conclusion: The study concludes that there is a significant improvement in the outcome of the patients who have received Remdesivir within 10 days of onset of symptoms in comparison to those who have received Remdesivir after 10 days of onset of symptoms.
Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum, Pneumothoraces and Surgical Emphysema in a COVID-19 Patient
Authors: Tshering Dr Sonam , Siddiqui Dr Saquib Navid , Ahmed Dr Osman , Phuntsho Dr Sangay
Published: February 2021

Pneumomediastinum is defined as the presence of air or other gas in the mediastinum and is also known as mediastinal emphysema [1]. Pneumomediastinum can be categorized as spontaneous (SPM) or traumatic. Traumatic pneumomediastinum is caused by blunt or penetrating trauma to the chest, or iatrogenic injury, such as that produced by thoracic surgery. Mechanical ventilation is a common cause of barotrauma and pneumomediastinum. Pneumomediastinum caused by mechanical ventilation is often considered a type of traumatic pneumomediastinum, rather than SPM (UpToDate).
We report a case of spontaneous pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax and surgical emphysema in a 20-year-old patient with COVID-19. He was managed conservatively.
Challenges and Prospects of Implementing Procurement Law in a Developing Economy: An X-ray of Oyo State Procurement Law
Authors: Adebisi Kolawole Shittu
Published: February 2021

Public procurement legislative reforms have proved to be a veritable economic development mechanism. This reform seeks to streamline, legalize and institutionalize public procurement practices in order to achieve the objectives of transparency, accountability, probity and anti-corruption. Using the Polytechnic Ibadan as a case-study, the paper X-ray some of the basic features and expectations of public procurement law regime. It observes that procurement law regime seeks to achieve the purpose of good governance through institutionalization of standard procurement practices. The data collection tool used was structured closed and open –ended questionnaires for the respondents who had been involved in the procurement process including survey of related literature on public procurement. In the course of testing the hypotheses, regression analysis was used to test the impact of public procurement in the execution of capital projects. The result of the findings reveals that Public Procurement Law had not made any significant impact on the execution of capital projects in the Polytechnic, Ibadan. The paper posits that if Nigeria nation must achieve the objectives of openness, transparency, probity, accountability and reduced corruption in line with global best governance institutional reform agenda, efforts should be intensified to deepen public procurement practices across all the government institutions.
THE ANALYSIS OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES OF WASTE RECYCLING SCAVENGERS IN TERJUN URBAN VILLAGE MEDAN MARELAN SUB-DISTRICT
Authors: Maulida Ashri , Arwansyah Mr
Published: February 2021

Waste management can reduce negative impacts on the environment, even if garbage is properly managed has economic value that is promising. Recycling is one of the businesses on waste minimization at the source of generation such as the Household and the Market must be addressed in the Final Disposal. more effective. This study aims to determine the economic value for the garbage collector. Does this activity has to be developed prosfek? This research is also expected to assist the government in formulating policies, among others, (1) the alleviation of poverty; (2) to determine the characteristics of the waste; (3) to determine the value of the sale of inorganic waste; (4) the value of marketing margin recycling efforts. For that determined the variables expected to affect the economy of scavengers that radius trash pickup, work experience, gender and the mode of transport used scavengers. Primary data were collected from households, markets, scavengers, agents of small and large agents inorganic waste recycling business. Descriptive analysis methods include behavioral analysis, analysis of the characteristics of household rubbish, garbage value analysis of inorganic and margin analysis. Linear Regression analysis method (Ordinary Least Square) to see the effect of these variables on the path towards economic scavengers Household and Final Disposal. The results of this study indicate that the variable radius waste pick-up and work experience scavengers positive effect on the economic value of the landfill scavengers either on line or lines of Household. Trash aqua glass, waste paper HVS, copper and garbage bins clear glass bottle is a kind of inorganic waste which has a high sales value per kilogram. Household garbage Marketing paths more effectively and profitably than the path landfill. Household scavenger pathway is more prosperous than landfill scavengers path. Public awareness is still low in maintaining the environment. Development activities in the Garbage Bank program has prospects for poverty reduction.
THE ANALYSIS OF ECONOMIC POTENTIAL IN NORTH SUMATERA PROVINCE
Authors: Harahap Ahmad Habibi , Nugrahadi Eko Wahyu
Published: February 2021

Economic growth of North Sumatera Province is not quite on the top of optimum. If the compared by some of others province in Indonesia and by  all of his potention, the North Sumatera Province only on the 10th rank of economic growth in Indonesia in 2009-2013 period. The purpose of this study is toanalyze the economic sectors which are the basis in each district/city in North Sumatera province and to determine the structure of economic growth in the district /city both sectoral and aggregate the province of North Sumatera. Structural transformation to some extent will have an impact on overall economic growth. Analysis tools used in this study is Location Quetiont (LQ), Growth Ratio Model (MRP), overlay analysis, and shift share analysis. Results of this study showed that the agriculture sector is a sector which is the basis in nearly 13 districts/cities in North Sumatera Province. But the growth in agriculture, processing industries, mining and quarrying, and the electricity, gas & water supply sector likely slowed, otherwise all tertiary sectors which include: trade, hotels, and restaurants; transportation and communication, finance, leasing, and services company, and the services sector is likely to experience growth positive. Transportation and communication is a sector with the highest growth occurring in North Sumatera Province. Shift Share Analysis results showed that in the Province of North Sumatera is going structural transformation characterized by decreasing the role of the agricultural sector, and the increasing role of the service sector. This condition as well as contrary to the Kuznets theory which states that the process of structural transformation contribution marked by shifting agriculture to manufacturing and then to services sector.
THE ANALYSIS OF PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION INSTITUTIONAL ENTREPRENEUR COMMUNITY TANGAN DI ATAS (TDA) AGAINST INCREASED REVENUE LOCAL ECONOMY IN MEDAN
Authors: Putra Umar Maya
Published: February 2021

This study aims to analyze the Program of Institutional Entrepreneur Community Tangan Di Atas (TDA) Against Increased Revenue Local Economy in Medan. The problem in this research is to see the extent to which the opportunities of independent variables such as entrepreneurship education, capital, selling price, the amount of labor, marketing through the exhibition of entrepreneurship of the dependent variable is the income of Small Enterprises assisted Institutional Tangan Di Atas (TDA) of Medan. The data used is primary data with the primary form of questionnaires to the small enterprises patronage of TDA Medan with observation period in 2013 s.d. 2015. While the methods of analysis used for primary data is Probit with analysis software program E Views 6 and secondary data obtained on a general overview of the small enterprises patronage of TDA Medan and the results of the study of literature (Library Research) to support his theories relevant to the research. From the results of this study indicate that there is a positive correlation and significant between entrepreneurship education, capital, selling price, the amount of labor and marketing aspects through the exhibition of entrepreneurship opportunity of increased revenue Small Enterprises Patronage TDA Medan otherwise there is a positive relationship and not significant among the workforce to an increased chance the small enterprises patronage of  TDA revenue Medan. TDA Medan can be able to focus in increasing entrepreneurship education, marketing aspects through the exhibition of entrepreneurship, product selling prices, capital and to concentrate in the amount of labor professionally to get the result maximally  to an increased chance the small enterprises patronage of  TDA revenue Medan.
ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING POVERTY IN NORTH SUMATERA PROVINCE (CASE STUDY IN 33 DISTRICT / CITY)
Authors: Avandi Yudistira , Wahyudi Setyo Tri
Published: February 2021

The equitable poverty reduction in North Sumatera became one of the unresolved issues until now. The decreasing of poverty percentage in the last five years in North Sumatera can not represent the level of public welfare. In fact , in 2013, there were 22 out of 33 districts in North Sumatera which have the poverty percentage more than ten percent and known as hardcore poverty. The highest poverty percentage was found in North Nias and Gunung Sitoli by 30.94 %, while the lowest was found in Deli Serdang by 4.71 %. This research stated the problem “How is the influence of the economic growth, level of education, and the minimum regional wages toward the level of poverty in North Sumatera Province? The objective is to analyze the influence of economic growth, the level of education and the minimum wages toward the poor population in North Sumatera Province. This research used 165 samples that spread in 33 districts in North Sumatera from 2009 until 2013 with panel data and using Fixed Effect Model Method.  The result of the Ordinary Least Square Method (LOS) through the multiple linear regretion estimated model showed that the economic growth and the minimum regional wages had negative influence, while the level of education had positive influence toward poverty in North Sumatera. The coefficient of determination (R2) is 0.948157 which means the variable of economic growth, minimum regional wages and level of education can define the poverty in North Sumatera by 94.82 %, and 5.18 % defined by other economic variables outside the model.
THE ANALYSIS OF THE TRANSMISSION MECHANISM OF MONETARY POLICY IN CONVENTIONAL AND SHARIA AGAINST INFLATION IN INDONESIA
Authors: Siagian Julika Rahma
Published: February 2021

This study aims to analyze the transmission mechanism of monetary policy in Indonesia in controlling inflation, both in terms of sharia and conventional terms. The data used in this empirical study is time series data during 2011:1-2017:4 originating from (Bank Indonesia), Financial Services Authority (FSA) and Ministry of Finance (Kemenkue). The analysis tool used is the Error Correction Model (ECM). This study analyzes the relationship between independent and dependent variables both in the short and long term. The results of this study throuht the asset prices indicate that from conventional monetary variable SBI (certifikat of bank indonesia) variables that have a positive and significant effect on inflation in the short-term. Where as in the long term the variable money supply has a positive effect and variable interest rates on Bank Indonesia, bonds have a positive and significant effect on inflation. In Islamic monetary variables, SBIS have a positive and significant effect on inflation in the short-term. Islamic bond variables (Sukuk) have a negative and significant effect on inflation in the short-term. While in the long-term the variable money supply, Islamic interest rates, and Islamic bonds have a positive and significant effect on inflation.
Efectividad del desarrollo óptimo de los niños en el fortalecimiento del vínculo de apego de los padres
Authors: Chahuas Rodríguez Eulalia María
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: Sistematizar las evidencias que muestran la eficacia del desarrollo óptimo de los niños con el desarrollo de actividades de apego de los padres.Métodos: El presente estudio es una revisión Sistemática, la búsqueda se ha restringido a 10 artículos científicos con texto completo seleccionados de las bases de datos de LILACs, Scielo, Cochrane Plus, Pubmed, Medline, EBSCO; utilizando la evaluación de GRADE para identificar su grado de evidencia; 4 Ensayos (40%), 2 revisión sistemática y metanálisis (20%), 2 revisión metanálisis (20%), 1 estudio aleatorio correlacional (10%), 1 estudio longitudinal de asociación (10%); procedentes de: 80% alta, 10% moderada y 10% baja. Las evidencias según procedencia son: Estados Unidos (20%), Canadá (20%), Italia - Canadá (10%), Sudáfrica (10%,) Australia (10%, Estados Unidos - Inglaterra (10%), Estados Unidos - Portugal (10%) España(10%).Resultados: 100% evidencio relación entre apego y desarrollo óptimo de niños; 80% que padres, pares y otras personas que rodean a los niños establecen apego positivo para desarrollo óptimo; 90% que las actividades positivas de apego de padres y otras figuras de apego evitan comportamientos inadecuados.Conclusión: Las 10 evidencias revisadas coinciden en que el desarrollo de actividades de apego positivo de los padres propician desarrollo óptimo; 8 de 10 señalan que las madres de bajos recursos económicos tienen problemas en establecer actividades de apego positivas y la necesidad que padres, pares y otras personas significativas establezcan apego positivo; 9 de 1, refieren que las actividades positivas de apego de padres y otras figuras evitaran violencia, delincuencia y drogadicción.
Analysis Evaluation Management Information System Audit Internal Quality
Authors: Wulandari Dewa Ayu Putri , Aristana Made Dona Wahyu
Published: February 2021

Information systems are very important in this globalization era. Information systems generally can be used as a reference for decision making or to monitor the progress of an activity process. In high education, information systems are no less important than information systems within the company. Higher education is an institution that uses information systems to monitor work systems to improve quality. Higher Education Institute STMIK STIKOM Indonesia has implemented an internal quality assurance system (SPMI). An example of its application is by carrying out an internal quality audit (AMI). To ensure the quality of the application meets the standards and needs of the user, it can be done by performing software testing based on the ISO 25010 standard.
Przestrzenne aspekty produkcji i eksportu autobusów w Polsce w latach 1989–2014
Authors: Połom Marcin
Published: February 2021

W Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej w latach 1949–1991 istniała Rada Wzajemnej Pomocy Gospodarczej (RWPG), która zrzeszała państwa socjalistyczne tej części świata. W ramach wewnętrznych uregulowań RWPG wytypowano przedsiębiorstwa wiodące w zakresie produkcji taboru dla transportu zbiorowego. Wśród wielu zakładów produkujących autobusy, tramwaje i trolejbusy większość dostarczała pojazdy na rynki lokalne (w ramach państwa lokalizacji przedsiębiorstwa). Tylko nieliczne były znacznie bardziej dotowane i rozwijane, i to one zajmowały się dostarczaniem taboru na szerszą skalę – funkcjonował w nich eksport (głównie w ramach RWPG). Wśród takich zakładów znajdowały się m.in. czechosłowacka Škoda, węgierski Ikarus, radziecki ZiU. Po okresie przemian politycznych związanych ze zmianą ustroju państw w Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej nastąpiły znaczne przeobrażenia przemysłu motoryzacyjnego, w tym produkcji taboru komunikacji zbiorowej. W Polsce przed 1989 rokiem istniały dwie fabryki autobusów (Autosan w Sanoku i Jelcz w Jelczu- -Laskowicach). W tym okresie Polska praktycznie nie eksportowała, a raczej nadal importowała autobusy, głównie marki Ikarus, ze względu na niewystarczające moce produkcyjne rodzimych fabryk. Po transformacji ustrojowej rynek producentów taboru komunikacji miejskiej w Polsce przeszedł ogromne przeobrażenia. Głównym czynnikiem zmian były relatywnie niskie koszty produkcji (przede wszystkim dzięki niższym płacom niż pracowników w Niemczech) przy zachowaniu jej jakości i terminowości. Powyższe determinanty wpłynęły na podejmowanie decyzji dotyczących przenoszenia produkcji przez wielkie koncerny do krajów Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej, w tym Polski. Drugim czynnikiem przeobrażeń był proces prywatyzacyjny polskich fabryk i związany z nim transfer technologii. Ważnym elementem były także inwestycje kapitału prywatnego w zakresie produkcji pojazdów komunikacji miejskiej, które zaowocowały powstaniem nowych zakładów. Przez ostatnie 25 lat Polska stała się jednym z głównych producentów autobusów w Europie. Systematycznie rósł także eksport pojazdów wytwarzanych w Polsce, przede wszystkim do krajów Europy Zachodniej. W tym okresie swoje fabryki otworzyły takie marki, jak MAN (w Sadach k. Poznania), Volvo (we Wrocławiu), Scania oraz Cacciamali na bazie zakładu KPNA (w Słupsku). Uruchomiono od podstaw przedsiębiorstwa produkujące pojazdy pod nowymi markami, w tym Solaris (w Bolechowie k. Poznania), Solbus (w Solcu Kujawskim) i AMZ (w Kutnie). Sprywatyzowano państwowe przedsiębiorstwa w Jelczu-Laskowicach i Sanoku. W artykule przeanalizowano przemiany rynku producentów autobusów w Polsce, zarówno w zakresie lokalizacji, jak i wielkości produkcji, w ciągu ostatnich 25 lat. Przedstawiono wielkość eksportu w ujęciu przestrzennym dla analizowanego okresu 1989–2014. Zdefiniowano czynniki wpływające na sukcesy i porażki w zakresie produkcji i eksportu autobusów wśród istniejących producentów.
Uwarunkowania i skutki przepływu BIZ z krajów UE 15 do UE 12 na przykładzie Polski i Węgier
Authors: Wojciechowski Liwiusz
Published: February 2021

Celem artykułu jest weryfikacja hipotezy zakładającej, że model grawitacyjny handlu międzynarodowego w zadowalającym stopniu wyjaśnia przepływ bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych z krajów tzw. UE 15 do krajów UE 12. Postanowiono sprawdzić, na ile augmentacja klasycznego modelu grawitacyjnego handlu międzynarodowego pozwala – poprzez operacjonalizację określonych zmiennych – na identyfikację czynników „przyciągających” i „odpychających” BIZ. W analizie empirycznej posłużono się analizą panelową z zastosowaniem estymatora Hausmana-Taylora wobec faktu występowania zmiennych stałych w czasie. Wyniki pozwoliły na pozytywną weryfikację hipotezy głównej. Ponadto, o ile decyzje inwestycyjne dotyczące wyboru kraju lokaty uwarunkowane są wielkością rynku docelowego, o tyle czynnik dystansu geograficznego nadal pozostaje destymulantą akumulacji BIZ w krajach przyjmującym. Wykazano dodatkowo, że przynależność do Unii Gospodarczej i Walutowej (UGW), różnice w opodatkowaniu, uwarunkowania historyczne i stabilność inflacji mają istotny wpływ na formowanie wartości skumulowanej BIZ w krajach lokaty. Stwierdzono również, że Polska utrzymywała relatywnie stabilną pozycję lidera na tle UE 12 na rynku pozyskiwania BIZ z krajów „starej UE”. Z przeprowadzonego badania wynika, iż napływ bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych wpływa pozytywnie na wzrost gospodarczy w wielu płaszczyznach. W świetle przeprowadzonych badań empirycznych wpływ BIZ na gospodarkę zdaje się być pozytywny, jednakże w zróżnicowanym stopniu, gdy analizowane są różne kraje. Jest to spójne z twierdzeniem, że wpływ napływu BIZ na gospodarkę kraju goszczącego uzależniony jest od warunków początkowych. Sugeruje to także, że poszczególne kraje powinny kreować mechanizm przyciągający inwestycje w oparciu o wzmacnianie posiadanych przewag.
Foreign direct investment in transition economies: the regional structure and peculiarities of development in Belarus
Authors: Pirozhnik Ivan
Published: February 2021

The spatial structure of the world economy is divided into countries of economic center,semi-periphery and periphery. Changes of the spatial structure of the world economy and globalizationtrends are marked. A key element of the growing of globalization process is foreign direct investment(FDI) and activities of transnational corporations. Declining trend in foreign direct investmentis marked in conditions of instability of world economic development, shifts in FDI regional structureand their impact on countries with developing market economies. On the basis of the regional monitoringof the foreign direct investment the CIS market is described, in particular of the countries ofthe Customs Union and Belarus. The volumes of the Belarusian direct investment abroad are outlined,the forms of presence in foreign markets are indicated, the development of the commodity distributionnetworks, created by Belarusian enterprises and geography of inflow and outflow of FDI, is analyzed.The directions of improving the investment climate in Belarus and improve its position in the worldrankings are marked.
Sektor budowlany w Polsce ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem budownictwa mieszkaniowego oraz sytuacji mieszkaniowej w województwie małopolskim
Authors: Płaziak Monika , Szymańska Anna Irena
Published: February 2021

W opracowaniu dokonano analizy stanu sektora budowlanego w Polsce w ujęciu całościowym i regionalnym, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem województwa małopolskiego. Dodatkowy akcent położono na sytuację budownictwa mieszkaniowego. Analiza budownictwa mieszkaniowego dotyczyła lat 2006–2012, obejmujących okres bezpośrednio poprzedzający światowy kryzys gospodarczy, a także jego pierwsze fazy. W artykule stwierdzono opóźnione reagowanie sektora budowlanego na kryzys. Ponadto zauważono, iż kryzys dotknął różnych działów tego sektora w różnym stopniu. Najbardziej dotkliwy okazał się dla budownictwa mieszkaniowego. Mimo to w ciągu dwóch ostatnich dekad zaobserwowano w tym dziale korzystne tendencje dotyczące wzrostu liczby i powierzchni mieszkań oddawanych do użytkowania, przy czym zaznacza się tendencja do wzmożonej dynamiki oddawanych mieszkań na terenach dotychczas najsłabiej zainwestowanych w tym zakresie, zarówno w skali regionalnej, jak i lokalnej. Jednakże Polskę nadal charakteryzuje przepełnienie mieszkań ludnością, a województwo małopolskie plasuje się pod tym względem poniżej średniej krajowej.
SIMULASI TRANSPORTASI TOMAT DAN PERUBAHAN MUTU TOMAT SELAMA PENYIMPANAN
Authors: Rozana Rozana , Perdana Daud , Sigiro Oktavia Nurmawaty
Published: February 2021

Chemical, physical, and microbiological damage of fruits and vegetables can occur during the transportation process. The percentage of damage can reach 30-50% if the treatment during transportation is not carried out properly. The research objective was to determine the quality changes in tomatoes after transportation simulation based on the arrangement of the fruit in cardboard packaging. The treatment in this research is tomato arrangement patterns: the face centered cubic (FCC) arrangement, the traditional arrangement and the jumble (farmer) arrangement. The research begins with a transportation simulation using a vibrating table in a vertical direction, using a frequency range of 3.9 Hz and an amplitude of 5.2 cm. The simulation is carried out in 1 hour. After the simulation at the 1st hour, amount of mechanical damage (bruising) on ​​every package was carried out. The results showed that the pattern of arranging tomatoes in cardboard packaging that gave the least damage was the FCC arrangement pattern. The FCC pattern only causes shrinkage of 0.11% and the smallest amount of mechanical damage (bruising) is 0.64%.
IMPLEMENTASI MODEL TEMATIK UNTUK MENGINTEGRASIKAN KEMAMPUAN SOSIAL DALAM PELAJARAN IPA SMA
Authors: Habibi Habibi
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan respon siswa, kepekaan sosial siswa dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pembelajaran biologi yang dikembangkan dengan model tematik. Jenis Penelitian ini adalah penelitian campuran, dimana perlakuan yang diberikan berupa pembelajaran Biologi menggunakan model tematik bersama dengan ilmu-ilmu sosial dianalisis secara deskriptif secara kualitatif (untuk mengetahui respon dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya) dan kuantitatif (perubahan moral reasoning sebagai landasan bagi nilai kepekaan sosial). Temuan yang dihasilkan dalam penelitian ini antara lain: respon siswa terbagi menjadi kelas produkstif, kelas produktif, dan kelas kontraproduktif, sedangkan nilai kepekaan sosial siswa dalam pembelajaran mengalami peningkatan. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi proses pembelajaran berorientasi model tematik ini adalah tingkat pemahaman siswa terhadap materi sebelumnya, media pembelajaran dan jumlah jam pelajaran. Berdasarkan beberapa temuan yang didapatkan pada penelitian ini maka dapat diambil suatu kesimpulan bahwa pembelajaran biologi yang diintegrasikan dengan nilai sosial dapat diajarkan menggunakan model tematik.
PENGARUH PENERAPAN STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN THINK PAIR SHARE (TPS) TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN METAKOGNITIF, KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR, DAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP SISWA KELAS VII SMP NEGERI 1 PUJON DENGAN KEMAMPUAN AKADEMIK YANG BERBEDA
Authors: Yulianto Rudi
Published: February 2021

Kegiatan belajar di sekolah dirancang untuk mencapai tujuan pembelajaran. Aspek yang harus dikembangkan dalam diri siswa yakni kemampuan berpikir dan keterampilan metakognitif. Diupayakan guru dapat dengan baik memberdayakan siswa berkemampuan akademik rendah sehingga memiliki hasil belajar yang sejajar dengan siswa berkemampuan akademik tinggi.

Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMP Negeri 1 Pujon selama semester gasal 2007/2008. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa SMP Negeri 1 Pujon Kelas VII  tahun ajaran 2007/2008. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII A sebagai kelas kontrol dan siswa kelas VII E sebagai kelas eksperimen. Siswa kelas VIIA terdiri atas 32 orang sedangkan siswa kelas VII E terdiri dari 35 orang. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah rancangan penelitian eksperimen semu dengan desain penelitian control group pre test post test.

Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah diperoleh, terlihat bahwa strategi pembelajaran TPS dapat diandalkan dalam rangka meningkatkan keterampilan metakognitif, kemampuan berpikir, dan pemahaman konsep. Melihat fakta yang telah ditunjukkan, maka diharapkan guru dapat menerapkan penggunaan strategi pembelajaran TPS dalam kegiatan pembelajaran di sekolah. Selain itu pada penelitian ini strategi pembelajaran yang dipakai adalah strategi pembelajaran TPS, maka dapat dicobakan strategi pembelajaran lain untuk mengetahui pengaruhnya terhadap keterampilan metakogitif, kemampuan berpikir, dan pemahaman konsep siswa pada siswa dengan kemampuan akademik yang berbeda.
Studying the Physicochemical Properties and Isolation of Unsaturated Fatty Acids from Edible Oils by GC-MS and Argentated Silica Gel Chromatography
Authors: Saber Salim Najmaldain , Mohamad Hikmat Ali , Aziz Madzlan
Published: February 2021

The core objective of this study was to investigate the physicochemical characteristics and fatty acid composition of the oils of sunflower, olive, virgin coconut and ginger oils, as well as the separation of their unsaturated fatty acids. The data indicated a significant variation in physicochemical properties (acid, saponification, ester, and iodine values) among oils. Transesterification process was carried out at a molar ratio of 1:7:0.1 of oil: methanol: KOH. Fatty acid methyl esters of oils were analyzed by infrared (IR) and gas chromatographyâ€“mass (GC-MS) spectrometry. Twelve fatty acids were identified, where the major fatty acid of  olive oil was found to be  oleic acid (89%), whereas those of sunflower and ginger oils were linoleic acid (80.9 %) and (79.3 %), respectively. Sunflower and olive oils were fractionated by 25% silver nitrate-impregnated silica gel column chromatography. By this method, linoleic acid methyl ester from sunflower and oleic acid methyl ester from olive oil were isolated with high purity percentages and yields. This study is significant for the development of food and pharmaceutical products.
Discourse Markers in News Articles of the Jakarta Post
Authors: Yulianto Yulianto
Published: February 2021

Discourse markers facilitate text interpretation. Discourse markers (DMs) were key attributes in linking sentences, rendering the text coherent. This study aimed to analyze Discourse Markers (DMs) found in four News Articles of The Jakarta Post based on Halliday and Hasan point of view. They were additive, adversative, causal and continuative. The writer used a descriptive qualitative method, in which the data were sentences that contain discourse markers in the articles. The data were analyzed by applying the theory of discourse markers from Halliday and Hasan (1976). The result showed there were 21 discourse markers found in four news articles. All the news articles included additive, adversative, causal, and temporal/continuative discourse markers. In the Jakarta Post news article, the numbers of the discourse markers were ample for readers to understand the articles better.
BosonSampling is far from uniform
Authors: Aaronson Scott , Arkhipov Alex
Published: February 2021

BosonSampling, which we proposed three years ago, is a scheme for using linear-optical networks to solve sampling problems that appear to be intractable for a classical computer. \ In a recent manuscript, Gogolin et al.\ claimed that even an ideal BosonSampling device's output would be operationally indistinguishable\textquotedblright\ from a uniform random outcome, at least \textquotedblleft without detailed a priori knowledge; or at any rate, that telling the two apart might itself be a hard problem. We first answer these claims---explaining why the first is based on a definition of a priori knowledge such that, were it adopted, almost no quantum algorithm could be distinguished from a pure random-number source; while the second is neither new nor a practical obstacle to interesting BosonSampling experiments.However, we then go further, and address some interesting research questions inspired by Gogolin et al.'s arguments. We prove that, with high probability over a Haar-random matrix $A$, the BosonSampling distribution induced by $A$ is far from the uniform distribution in total variation distance. More surprisingly, and counter to Gogolin et al., we give an efficient algorithm that distinguishes these two distributions with constant bias. Finally, we offer three bonus results about BosonSampling. First, we report an observation of Fernando Brandao: that one can efficiently sample a distribution that has large entropy and that's indistinguishable from a BosonSampling distribution by any circuit of fixed polynomial size. Second, we show that BosonSampling distributions can be efficiently distinguished from uniform even with photon losses and for general initial states. Third, we offer the simplest known proof that Fermion Sampling is solvable in classical polynomial time, and we reuse techniques from our Boson Sampling analysis to characterize random FermionSampling distributions.
Families of codes of topological quantum codes from tessellations tessellations {4i+2,2i+1}, {4i,4i}, {8i-4,4} and ${12i-6,3}
Authors: de Albuquerque Clarice Dias , Palazzo Jr. Reginaldo , da Silva Eduardo Brandani
Published: February 2021

In this paper we present some classes of topological quantum codes on surfaces with genus $g \geq 2$ derived from hyperbolic tessellations with a specific property. We find classes of codes with distance $d = 3$ and encoding rates asymptotically going to 1, $\frac{1}{2}$ and $\frac{1}{3}$, depending on the considered tessellation. Furthermore, these codes are associated with embedding of complete bipartite graphs. We also analyze the parameters of these codes, mainly its distance, in addition to show a class of codes with distance 4. We also present a class of codes achieving the quantum Singleton bound, possibly the only one existing under this construction.
A model of quantum-von Neumann hybrid cellular automata: principles and simulation of quantum coherent superposition and dehoerence in cytoskeletal microtubules
Authors: Alfonseca Manuel , Ortega Alfonso , de la Cruz Marina , Hameroff Stuart R. , Lahoz-Beltra Rafael
Published: February 2021

Although experimental evidence suggests the influence of quantum effects in living organisms, one of the most critical problems in quantum biology is the explanation of how those effects that take place in a microscopic level can manifest in the macroscopic world of living beings. At present, quantum decoherence associated with the wave function collapse is one of the most accepted mechanisms explaining how the classical world of living beings emerges from the quantum world. Whatever the cause of wave function collapse, there exist biological systems where a biological function arises as a result of this collapse (e.g. birds navigation, plants photosynthesis, sense of smell, etc.), as well as the opposite examples (e.g. release of energy from ATP molecules at actomyosin muscle) where a biological function takes place in a quantum coherent environment. In this paper we report the modelling and simulation of quantum coherent superposition in cytoskeletal microtubules including decoherence, thus the effect of the collapse of the microtubule coherent state wave function. Our model is based on a new class of hybrid cellular automata (QvN), capable of performing as either a quantum cellular automata (QCA) or as a classical von Neumann automata (CA). These automata are able to simulate the transition or reduction from a quantum microscopic level with superposition of several quantum states, to a macroscopic level with a single stable state. Our results illustrate the significance of quantum biology explaining the emergence of some biological functions. We believe that in the future quantum biology will have a deep effect on the design of new devices, e.g. quantum hardware, in electrical engineering.
Detection loophole attacks on semi-device-independent quantum and classical protocols
Authors: Dall'Arno Michele , Passaro Elsa , Gallego Rodrigo , Pawlowski Marcin , Acin Antonio
Published: February 2021

Semi-device-independent quantum protocols realize information tasks -- e.g. secure key distribution, random access coding, and randomness generation -- in a scenario where no assumption on the internal working of the devices used in the protocol is made, except their dimension. These protocols offer two main advantages: first, their implementation is often less demanding than fully-device-independent protocols. Second, they are more secure than their device-dependent counterparts. Their classical analogous is represented by random access codes, which provide a general framework for describing one-sided classical communication tasks. We discuss conditions under which detection inefficiencies can be exploited by a malicious provider to fake the performance of semi-device-independent quantum and classical protocols -- and how to prevent it.
Quantum information splitting using a pair of GHZ states
Authors: Nandi Kaushik , Paul Goutam
Published: February 2021

We describe a protocol for quantum information splitting (QIS) of a restricted class of three-qubit states among three parties Alice, Bob and Charlie, using a pair of GHZ states as the quantum channel. There are two different forms of this three-qubit state that is used for QIS depending on the distribution of the particles among the three parties. There is also a special type of four-qubit state that can be used for QIS using the above channel. We explicitly construct the quantum channel, Alice's measurement basis and the analytic form of the unitary operations required by the receiver for such a purpose.
An almost sudden jump in quantum complexity
Authors: Sattath Or
Published: February 2021

The Quantum Satisfiability problem ($\qsat$) is the generalization of the canonical $\NPC$ problem - Boolean Satisfiability. $\ksqsat$ is the following variant of the problem: given a set of projectors of rank $1$, acting non-trivially on $k$ qubits out of $n$ qubits, such that each qubit appears in at most $s$ projectors, decide whether there exists a quantum state in the null space of all the projectors. Let $\qf(k)$ be the maximal integer $s$ such that every $\ksqsat$ instance is satisfiable. Deciding $\ksqsat[\qf(k)]$ is computationally easy: by definition the answer is ``satisfiable''. But, by relaxing the conditions slightly, we show that $\ksqsat[\qf(k)+2]$ is $\QMAoH$, for $k \geq 15$. This is a quantum analogue of a classical result by Kratochv{\'\i}l et al.~\cite{kratochvil1993one}. We use the term ``an \emph{almost} sudden jump'' to stress that the complexity of $\ksqsat[\qf(k)+1]$ is open, where the jump in the classical complexity is known to be sudden. We present an implication of this finding to the quantum PCP conjecture, arguably one of the most important open problems in the field of Hamiltonian complexity. Our implication imposes some constraints on one possible way to refute the quantum PCP.
A constructive quantum Lovasz local lemma for commuting projectors
Authors: Sattath Or , Arad Itai
Published: February 2021

The Quantum Satisfiability problem generalizes the Boolean satisfiability problem to the quantum setting by replacing classical clauses with local projectors. The Quantum Lov\'asz Local Lemma gives a sufficient condition for a Quantum Satisfiability problem to be satisfiable~\cite{ambainis2012quantum}, by generalizing the classical Lov\'asz Local Lemma. The next natural question that arises is: can a satisfying quantum state be \emph{efficiently} found, when these conditions hold? In this work we present such an algorithm, with the additional requirement that all the projectors commute. The proof follows the information theoretic proof given by Moser's breakthrough result in the classical setting~\cite{moser2009constructiveSTOC}. Similar results were independently published in~\cite{cubitt2011constructive, cubitt2013quantum}.
Thresholds for reduction-related entanglement criteria in quantum information theory
Authors: Jivulescu Maria A. , Lupa Nicolae , Nechita Ion
Published: February 2021

We consider random bipartite quantum states obtained by tracing out one subsystem from a random, uniformly distributed, tripartite pure quantum state. We compute thresholds for the dimension of the system being traced out, so that the resulting bipartite quantum state satisfies the reduction criterion in different asymptotic regimes. We consider as well the basis-independent version of the reduction criterion (the absolute reduction criterion), computing thresholds for the corresponding eigenvalue sets. We do the same for other sets relevant in the study of absolute separability, using techniques from random matrix theory. Finally, we gather and compare the known values for the thresholds corresponding to different entanglement criteria, and conclude with a list of open questions.
Rational approximations and quantum algorithms with postselection
Authors: Mahadev Urmila , de Wolf Ronald
Published: February 2021

We study the close connection between rational functions that approximate a given Boolean function, and quantum algorithms that compute the same function using postselection. We show that the minimal degree of the former equals (up to a factor of 2) the minimal query complexity of the latter. We give optimal (up to constant factors) quantum algorithms with postselection for the Majority function, slightly improving upon an earlier algorithm of Aaronson. Finally we show how Newman's classic theorem about low-degree rational approximation of the absolute-value function follows from these algorithms.
Limit theorems of a 3-state quantum walk and its application for discrete uniform measures
Authors: Machida Takuya
Published: February 2021

We present two long-time limit theorems of a 3-state quantum walk on the line when the walker starts from the origin. One is a limit measure which is obtained from the probability distribution of the walk at a long-time limit, and the other is a convergence in distribution for the walker’s position in a rescaled space by time. In addition, as an application of the walk, we obtain discrete uniform limit measures from the 3-state walk with a delocalized initial state.
There is entanglement in the primes
Authors: Latorre Jose I. , Sierra German
Published: February 2021

Large series of prime numbers can be superposed on a single quantum register and then analyzed in full parallelism. The construction of this Prime state is efficient, as it hinges on the use of a quantum version of any efficient primality test. We show that the Prime state turns out to be very entangled as shown by the scaling properties of purity, Renyi entropy and von Neumann entropy. An analytical approximation to these measures of entanglement can be obtained from the detailed analysis of the entanglement spectrum of the Prime state, which in turn produces new insights in the Hardy-Littlewood conjecture for the pairwise distribution of primes. The extension of these ideas to a Twin Prime state shows that this new state is even more entangled than the Prime state, obeying majorization relations. We further discuss the construction of quantum states that encompass relevant series of numbers and opens the possibility of applying quantum computation to Arithmetics in novel ways.
Performance scaling of the quantum Fourier transform with defective rotation gates
Authors: Nam Yun Seong , Blume Reinhold
Published: February 2021

Addressing Landauer's question concerning the influence of static gate defects on quantum information processor performance, we investigate analytically and numerically the case of the quantum Fourier transform (QFT) with defective controlled rotation (CROT) gates. Two types of defects are studied, separately and in combination: systematic and random. Analytical scaling laws of QFT performance are derived with respect to the number of qubits $n$, the size $\delta$ of systematic defects, and the size $\epsilon$ of random defects. The analytical results are in excellent agreement with numerical simulations. In addition, we present an unexpected result: The performance of the defective QFT does not deteriorate with increasing $n$, but approaches a constant that scales in $\epsilon$. We derive an analytical formula that accurately reproduces the $\epsilon$ scaling of the performance plateaus. Overall, we observe that the CROT gates may exhibit static and random defects of the order of 30\% and larger, and still result in satisfactory QFT performance. Thus we answer Landauer's question in the case of the QFT: far from being lethal, the QFT can tolerate tremendous static gate defects and still perform its function. The extraordinary robustness of the QFT with respect to static gate defects displayed in our numerical and analytical calculations should be a welcome boon for laboratory and industrial realizations of quantum circuitry.
Spin glass reflection of the decoding transition for quantum error correcting codes
Authors: Kovalev Alexey A. , Pryadko Leonid P.
Published: February 2021

We study the decoding transition for quantum error correcting codes with the help of a mapping to random-bond Wegner spin models. Families of quantum low density parity-check (LDPC) codes with a finite decoding threshold lead to both known models (e.g., random bond Ising and random plaquette $\Z2$ gauge models) as well as unexplored earlier generally non-local disordered spin models with non-trivial phase diagrams. The decoding transition corresponds to a transition from the ordered phase by proliferation of ``post-topological'' extended defects which generalize the notion of domain walls to non-local spin models. In recently discovered quantum LDPC code families with finite rates the number of distinct classes of such extended defects is exponentially large, corresponding to extensive ground state entropy of these codes. Here, the transition can be driven by the entropy of the extended defects, a mechanism distinct from that in the local spin models where the number of defect types (domain walls) is always finite.