bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The use of geoinformation technologies in tourism organization
Authors: Mironova Yuliya
Published: October 2023

The article discusses aspects of the application of geoinformation systems in the tourism business. The rational use of tourism resources in the modern world is becoming an increasingly complex and urgent task. Software in geographic information systems enables people engaged in the tourism business to easily integrate and use available sources of tabular and cartographic information to improve the quality of decisions. Modern geoinformation technologies can be used in organizing and stimulating tourist activity. The main problem in this activity is the lack of information about the area in which the organization of tourism is carried out. We must take into account the terrain, the availability of recreation areas. If tourism is organized, then you need to know the locations of hotels, as well as attractions in the area of the route. If we are dealing with individual travel, it is necessary to know the schedule of transport, rates of hotel rooms, etc. Tourism is one of the industries that have used GIS in their development. The result was the mass application of GIS technology in solving many current and strategic tasks of this area of activity. It should be noted that geoinformation systems will help not only the organizers of the tourism business of the region, but also end users. The tourism business requires improving the quality of management and monitoring of natural and cultural resources, improving the perception of geoinformation in an accessible form for the user. The application of geoinformation technologies for the development of hiking, water and mountain tourism is discussed. Specific geoportals developed for the areas of the Caucasian State Biosphere Reserve, East Kazakhstan region, Astrakhan region are considered. It can be noted that recently there has been an active integration of geoinformation systems and tourism business, which brings great benefits to both tourism and geoinformatics.
Grammar in Language and Listening Acquisition
Authors: AKKAYA Ahmet , DOYUMĞAÇ İbrahim
Published: October 2023

The existence and self-realization of humans are possible due to language, language faculty, and listening acquisition. Anything animate or inanimate perceived in the external world such as an object, phenomenon, entity, etc. acquires a value due to its meaning (semantics). Due to the semantic and syntax structure of a language and its universal dimension, listening plays a key role in the acquisition of language and grammar rules. The present study aimed to discuss the significance of the acquisition of grammar rules in language and listening acquisition based on current literature. The present study data was based on a systematic literature review. In the study, studies on the relationships among language, language acquisition, listening and grammar were reviewed and the acquisition of grammar rules during language and listening acquisition was discussed. The study concluded that listening was effective in the acquisition of grammar rules.
Çocuk Edebiyatı Eserlerinin 6. Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Okuma Motivasyonu, Okuma Tutumu ve Okur Öz Algısına Etkisi
Authors: ATEŞ Burak , KAYA Mustafa
Published: October 2023

Bu araştırmanın temel amacı çocuk edebiyatı eserlerinin 6. sınıf ortaokul öğrencilerinin okuma motivasyonu, okuma tutumu ve okur öz algısına etkisini tespit etmektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda yapılan çalışmada nicel araştırma desenlerinden yarı deneysel desenlerden “ön test- son test eşleştirilmiş kontrol gruplu desen” kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Şırnak ili Silopi ilçesinde yer alan Cumhuriyet Ortaokulunda öğrenim görmekte olan 6. sınıf öğrencileri oluşturmaktadır. 2022-2023 eğitim-öğretim yılında Cumhuriyet Ortaokulunda öğrenim görmekte olan 6. sınıf öğrencilerinden 30’u rastgele yöntemiyle deney grubu, 30’u da kontrol grubu olarak seçilmiştir. Bu çalışmada veri toplama aracı olarak okuma motivasyonu ve okumaya adanmışlık ölçeği, ilköğretim ikinci kademe öğrencileri için okumaya yönelik tutum ölçeği, okur öz algısı ölçekleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın verilerinin analizinde, deney grubu ve kontrol grubunun okuma motivasyonu ve okumaya adanmışlık ölçeği, okuma tutumu ölçeği ve okur öz algısı ölçeğinin ön test ve son testinden aldıkları puanların normallik değerlerine bakılmıştır. Yapılacak analiz teknikleri için normallik varsayımlarından olan Shapiro-Wilk değerlerine bakılmıştır. Bu analiz sürecinde, deney ve kontrol gruplarının ölçeklerden aldıkları ön test ve son test puanlarının aynı grubun kendi içinde karşılaştırılması için bağımlı örneklemler t-testi kullanılmıştır. Kontrol ve deney gruplarının ön test ve son test puanlarının karşılaştırılması için bağımsız örneklemler t testi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda çocuk edebiyatı eserlerinin okunmasının ortaokul öğrencilerinin okuma motivasyonu ve okumaya adanmışlık, okuma tutumu ve okur öz algısı üzerinde olumlu (pozitif) bir etkisinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
FEATURES AND TYPES OF OPERATIONAL-AN-COVERAGE LEGAL NORMS
Authors:   Perm State University, Golubtsov V. G. , Kuznetsova O. A. ,   Perm State University,   Perm Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia
Published: October 2023

Introduction: an essential prerequisite for the implementation of legal norms is the parameters of the period of their legal force and of their coverage, which are governed by operational-and-coverage legal regulations. The article discusses the features of operational legal norms and coverage legal norms, being implemented in such a close relationship that they can be referred to as operational-and-coverage legal norms. The authors propose classification of such norms on the basis of various criteria, show their logical structures. Purpose: to describe various types of operational and coverage legal norms, model their structures, identify their functions. Methods: the research is based on the general scientific dialectical method of cognition; the authors applied the methods of formal and dialectical logic, functional approach, classification; special legal methods were also employed: the formal-dogmatic method was used to identify operational-and-coverage norms in the normative legal material, the method of legal modeling – to model their structures. Results: operational norms determine the calendar period of legal norms being in their legal force, establish either the date of their entry into force or the date of their loss of force. Coverage legal norms determine the effect of legal norms in space (i.e. with regard to the territory of their operation), with regard to the circle of persons, and in time; they are classified into coverageterritorial, subject-oriented, and coverage-temporal, respectively. Operational-and-coverage legal norms have the structures as follows: ‘Legal norm A, which came into force on date N, covers (is effective on) the territory X’; ‘Legal norm A, which came into force on date N, covers (is effective for) subject Y’; ‘Legal norm A, which came into force on date N, covers (is effective for) legal relations that arose after N (prospective operation) or before and after N (retroactive operation); ‘Legal norm A, which became invalid on date N, covers relations that arose before and continue after N (ultra-active operation)’.
THE DEFENDANT’S SILENCE UNDER THE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE LAW OF RUSSIA AND FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS
Authors:   MGIMO University, Shatailyuk Е. Е.
Published: October 2023

Introduction: the article analyzes the defendant’s silence models in foreign states (England and Wales, Ireland, the United States, the Netherlands, Belgium) and in Russia, with a focus on the evidence thresholds that allow drawing adverse inferences from the accused’s refusal or failure to answer questions as well as on the scope of these inferences. The historical retrospective of the issue and the development of international standards permitting the use of silence for evidentiary purposes are explored. The purpose of the paper is to study the legislation and law enforcement practice of the selected countries with regard to the conditions under which adverse inferences can be drawn from the defendant’s silence. Methods: general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, analogy, and interpretation; comparative legal, formal legal, and axiological methods. Results: the author identifies the categories (groups) of crimes to which provisions on adverse inferences are applicable and indicates the guarantees designed to compensate for the limitation of the right to remain silent. The implementation of such guarantees in Russian legislation and their practical application are analyzed. The author outlines the possible negative scenarios for criminal process in Russia in cases where ambush defenses are raised. The experience of Belgium and the Netherlands in investigating stand-alone money laundering exemplifies the algorithm of using the indirect method of proof and demonstrates the role of the defendant’s failure to clarify the origin of an asset suspected to originate from an illegal source as corroborative evidence. Conclusions: while the presumption of innocence is a universal principle, the legal approaches to adverse inference from the defendant’s silence differ from state to state. Attaching the evidentiary importance to the accused’s silence does not violate the right to a fair trial, subject to compliance with the safeguards. The attitude to the evidentiary value of the defendant’s silence in Russia is to be changed due to the known difficulties of prosecution for profit-driven crimes.
Kentli Hakları Bağlamında Kentsel Yaşanabilirliğin Değerlendirilmesi: Isparta Örneği
Authors: YALÇIN Özkan , SADIÇ Veli
Published: October 2023

Tarihsel bir yapı olarak karşımıza çıkan kentler, günümüzde insanların bir arada yaşadıkları temel yerleşim alanlarıdır. Bu yerleşim alanlarında yaşayan bireylerin ortak nitelikte çeşitli sorunları bulunmaktadır. Bu sorunların giderilebilmesi yani kentsel yaşanabilirliğin sağlanabilmesi için Türkiye’nin de taraf olduğu Avrupa Kentsel Şartı 1992'de kabul edilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’nin de taraf olduğu kentli haklarının kentsel yaşanabilirlik bağlamında değerlendirilmesidir. Bu kapsamda Isparta ili örneğinde kentli haklarının işlevselliği, kentsel yaşanabilirlik bağlamında ele alınmıştır. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden biri olan görüşme tekniği kullanılmıştır. Çalışma neticesinde, Isparta’da kentsel yaşanabilirliğin sağlanmasında önemli bir yeri olan kentli haklarına ilişkin yeterli düzeyde başarının elde edilemediği tespit edilmiştir.
Kişi-Örgüt Uyumunun, Duygusal Bağlılık ve İşten Ayrılma Niyetine Etkisi: Algılanan Örgütsel Politikanın Düzenleyici Rolü
Authors: DERELİOĞLU Semih
Published: October 2023

Bu çalışmanın amacı, kişi-örgüt uyumunun çalışanların duygusal bağlılık düzeyi ve işten ayrılma niyeti üzerindeki etkisini ve örgütsel politika algısının bu ilişkiler üzerindeki düzenleyici rolünü incelemektir. Bu amaçla, kamu kurumlarında görev yapan 251 beyaz yakalı çalışan örneklemi üzerine anket gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada değişkenler arası ilişkiler ve etkileri SPSS ve AMOS programları kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Toplanan verilere korelasyon ve regresyon analizleri uygulanmış, düzenleyici etki basit eğim analizi ile sınanmıştır. Araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre, çalışanların örgüt uyumunda meydana gelen artış, duygusal bağlılığın artmasına ve işten ayrılma niyetinin azalmasına katkı sağlamaktadır. Çalışanların örgütsel politika algısının düzeyi, kişi örgüt uyumunun duygusal bağlılığa etkisini düzenleyici bir şekilde etkilemediği sonucuna varılmıştır. Son olarak çalışanların algıladıkları örgütsel politika düzeyinin, kişi örgüt uyumunun işten ayrılma niyetine etkisini düzenleyici bir şekilde etkilemediğini göstermektedir.
Emergence of Communication Systems in Collaborative and Joint Action
Authors: ULUBAY Murat
Published: October 2023

Communication is a focal point in studies of joint action, where collective cognitive activity required (Sebanz and Knoblich, 2006). In this study, a virtual experimental environment was utilized where participants’ communication was restricted to text messaging interface with a limited set of letters and symbols. In eight experimental sessions, similar but different joint action tasks were given; each couple improved their joint action skills and developed their own private communication systems. Analysis shows, in addition to several quantitative parameters, trends of diminishing use ratio of directive speech acts and increasing use ratio of assertive speech acts had been observed which are claimed to be characteristics of development of a mature and effective communication system and cognitive mechanisms of joint action.
LRRK2 cloning, plasmid construction, and mutagenesis v1
Authors: Snead David
Published: October 2023

Protocol for Cloning, plasmid construction, and mutagenesis of LRRK2 and LRRK2-RCKW as done by Leschziner and Reck-Peterson Labs. Original protocol by David Snead and Yu Xuan Lin.
Gender Digital Divide and Women's Digital Inclusion: A Systematic Mapping
Authors: Peláez-Sánchez Iris Cristina , Glasserman-Morales Leonardo David
Published: October 2023

The digital divide is a multiple phenomenon that visualizes inequalities in the access, use, and appropriation of information and communication technologies (ICTs) of disadvantaged groups to others. There are currently several digital divides, such as a) the Gender Digital Divide (GDD), b) the generational digital divide, c) the disability digital divide, d) the educational digital divide, and e) the geographic digital divide. Specifically, the Gender Digital Divide exhibits a digital divide between women and men. This issue can be increased or decreased depending on the specific background of each woman. This study aims to provide a current and comprehensive overview of recent studies about the gender digital divide from 2017 to 2021, identifying key topics that require further exploration for a complete understanding of the topic through a systematic mapping. Findings show that recent studies have focused on analyzing the differences and inequalities between women and men regarding access, use, and appropriation of ICTs. For future years, it is needed more research on the subject.
Investigación de la Producción Científica en España sobre la Mutilación Genital Femenina
Authors: Nieto Ferrón Alba , Martínez-Heredia Nazaret , González-Gijón Gracia
Published: October 2023

La Mutilación Genital Femenina es una práctica cultural realizada generalmente en diferentes países del África subsahariana, Oriente Medio y Asia, aunque también se encuentra muy presente en España. Este estudio tiene como objetivo llevar a cabo un análisis de la producción científica en España en las bases de datos Web of Science y Scopus centrada en esta problemática. Empleando diversos criterios de inclusión y exclusión, hemos contado con una muestra final de 39 artículos sobre los que hemos llevado a cabo un análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo sobre diversas variables de estudio. Los resultados obtenidos revelan un mayor número de publicaciones en la base de datos Web of Science sobre dicha temática y una mayor producción científica en el año 2019, principalmente en el área de ciencias de la salud. Además, el análisis cualitativo identifica una insuficiente formación por parte de los profesionales de la salud en España, que nos lleva a concluir sobre la importancia de potenciar la formación y los diferentes planes de actuación realizados en España contra la MGF para controlar las consecuencias en nuestro país.
IMULATION OF EXPLOSIVE OBJECTS DETECTION PROCESSES USING THE INDUCTION METHOD BASED ON THE RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
Authors:   Central Scientific Research Institute of Armament and Military Equipment of Armed Forces of Ukraine, Dovgopolyy A.S. , Kotsyruba V.I. ,   The National Defence University of Ukraine, Kryvtsun V.I. ,   Hetman Petro Sahaidachnyi National Army Academy, Lviv, Ukraine
Published: October 2023

With the beginning of the undeclared war of the Russian Federation against Ukraine in 2014, and the subsequent large-scale invasion in February 2022, the issue of reconnaissance and demining of the area from explosive devices both during the conduct of hostilities and in their absence became very acute. The experience of the war shows that the enemy, despite international conventions on the prohibition of certain types of mine weapons, uses its entire available arsenal of mines and improvised explosive devices, which are often set to non-removable. In addition to mines and improvised explosive devices, a large number of unexploded ordnance contaminates the territory of Ukraine, where hostilities are conducted or released. Analysis of the execution of reconnaissance and demining tasks by the engineering units of the Armed Forces of Ukraine shows that the main method today remains manual, which is extremely dangerous for the lives of personnel. In order to ensure the fulfillment of these tasks, work is underway to create domestic means of remote reconnaissance and demining. One of the components of such means are search 27 elements for explosive objects that work on different physical principles. In addition to theoretical provisions, one of its important stages is conducting an experimental study. In the article, based on previously developed theoretical provisions, the modeling of the processes of detecting explosive objects by the induction method during a one-factor experiment is carried out with the aim of substantiating individual indicators of the effectiveness of elements of the search for explosive objects of remote-controlled demining complexes.
METHODS OF MATHEMATICAL SIMULATION AND MACHINE IDENTIFICATION OF ANOMALOUS DIFFUSION PROCESSES
Authors:   Odesа Polytechnic National University, Polozhaenko S.A. , Garaschenko F.G. ,   Odesа Polytechnic National University, Shevchenko A.M. ,   Military Institute of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Prokofieva L.L. ,   Odesа Polytechnic National University
Published: October 2023

For the class of anomalous diffusion processes, the mathematical models of which are formalized in the form of variational inequalities in partial derivatives, a method of mathematical modeling based on the optimization procedure is proposed. The method is considered in relation to the generalized mathematical model of the studied class of anomalous diffusion processes. Which made it possible to ensure the principle of unification and typification in the application of this method, as well as the correctness of using the generalized mathematical model in applied problems of mathematical modeling of known industrial and practically important natural cases of anomalous diffusion processes. At the same time, the task of implementing mathematical models of anomalous diffusion processes based on the proposed method is reduced to finding the maximum of the Hamiltonian function defined in the state space of the processes under consideration. A method of parametric identification of mathematical models of anomalous diffusion processes in the formulation of the problem of optimal control is also proposed. The method is reduced to the use of the optimization procedure of the gradient projection method. The possibility of solving the problem of parametric identification in cases of both linear and non-linear mathematical models of anomalous diffusion processes is proved. Moreover, the nonlinear formulation of the parametric identification problem does not lead to computational implementation complications, since the solution is based only on finding the gradient projection of the state function of the anomalous diffusion process. The proposed methods are presented in strict compliance with the provisions of functional analysis, which ensures their correctness and adequacy in solving a wide range of applied problems.
STUDY OF THE PARAMETERS OF THE DIGITAL CONTENT MATRIX BLOCKS IN DIFFERENT STORAGE FORMATS AS A THEORETICAL BASIS FOR THE METHODS OF DETECTING VIOLATIONS OF ITS INTEGRITY
Authors:   Odesа Polytechnic National University, Bobok I.I. , Kobozeva A.A. ,   Odesа Polytechnic National University, Majevsky D.A. ,   Odesа Polytechnic National University
Published: October 2023

Unauthorized changes of digital information contents, in particular images, videos, which are considered in the work, the detection of which is a difficult and urgent task, require the development of new approaches and methods. In case of unauthorized changes in digital contents, there is often a change in the format (lossy/lossless) of its preservation (in whole or in part), in particular when organizing a steganographic communication channel, photomontage, etc. Thus, the identification of the fact of re-preservation of digital content in a format different from the original one is a pointer to the violation of its integrity, making the task of separating content in different formats urgent. The aim of the work is to study the properties of the formal parameters of blocks of original digital content to create a theoretical basis for the methods of separating content in various storage formats. In the course of the study: the formal parameters – the smallest singular values of the blocks of the corresponding matrices, based on the properties of which the proposal to introduce a formal research object – the matrix of the smallest singular values of the blocks, corresponding to the digital content and having properties that differ depending on from the digital content storage format – were determined; for a sequence of digital images of the same format, for digital video, a formal mathematical object is defined – a histogram of modes of histograms of matrices of the smallest singular values of blocks of images/frames of video, the properties of which differ significantly for different storage formats, which can be used to develop an appropriate expert method. Establishing quantitative characteristics for qualitative separators obtained in the work will provide an opportunity to form effective methods of separating digital contents in various storage formats, which can be applied as a component of the steganalysis process, in the process of detecting the results of photomontage, where contents in various formats were involved, etc.
Poder de disposición del demandado sobre el objeto del litigio: precedentes y actualidad del allanamiento a a la demanda
Authors: Polo Arévalo Eva María
Published: October 2023

El presente trabajo se centra en el análisis de la regulación actual del allanamiento y sus precedentes en Derecho romano y Derecho histórico español. Esta figura procesal que actualmente se encuentra regulada como poder de disposición que las partes tienen sobre el objeto del proceso, no ha contado con una regulación sistemática hasta la Ley de Enjuiciamiento Civil del año 2000. Este escaso tratamiento coincide con la regulación que ofrecen los cuerpos legales del Derecho histórico español, en los que se confunde además con la conoscencia, que consistía en el reconocimiento de la certeza de la deuda o, en general, del derecho del actor. Sin embargo, en el Derecho romano sí existe un precedente claro del allanamiento en la confessio practicada en la fase in iure en el procedimiento formulario y de las legis actiones, que impedía la continuación del litigio, abriendo ipso iure la vía ejecutiva.
Crónica del curso internacional metodológico de exégesis de fuentes en el Derecho Romano y Derecho Comparado, en la Universidad de Oviedo, España, celebrado los días 21 y 22 de junio de 2023
Authors: Antuña Suárez Carlos
Published: October 2023

Se expone sumariamente el desarrollo del Curso internacional de exégesis de Fuentes del Derecho romano y Derecho comparado impartido por la profesora Tiziana Chiusi, Catedrática de la Universidad de Saarland dentro del Teaching Staff que tiene la Universidad de Oviedo con la Universidad de Saarland y organizado por las profesoras Carmen López-Rendo Rodríguez y María José Azaustre Fernández en la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad de Oviedo a finales del mes de junio de 2023.
El ius y el fas: de lo sagrado a lo profano
Authors: Castro Mascareño Olivia , Brandi Siniscalchi Sandra , Chávez Vásquez Yedidi
Published: October 2023

En sus orígenes el derecho romano presentó una fuerte vinculación entre lo religioso y lo secular. Existió una fuerte relación entre el ius y el fas en los tiempos arcaicos y, a medida que transcurrió el tiempo y se complejizó Roma en los tiempos de la República, se produjo un proceso de laicización del derecho romano. De todos modos esa ligazón entre lo humano y lo divino pervivió en algunos aspectos, como las elaboraciones del derecho pretoriano que utilizo las costumbres arcaicas (empapadas de lo religioso) para cubrir lagunas o impedir injusticias, así como en las opiniones de los iurisprudens.

Analizaremos el significado y uso del vocablo ius y su término actual, derecho, para luego hacer lo mismo con el fas tratando de encontrar la vinculación entre ambos desde los inicios de Roma hasta el Corpus Iuris.
Suggestions for Introducing Some New Terms in Pelvic and Acetabular Surgery
Authors: Zadneprovskiy Nikita N. , Kulikov Vladislav V. , Vladimirova Yana B. , Ivanov Pavel A.
Published: October 2023

Background. The rapid advancement of modern surgical methods for treating pelvic bone fractures has underscored the necessity for developing a new terminological framework. This is because the classical anatomical terminology of the pelvis no longer aligns with the demands of the therapeutic process and scientific research in this field. The traditional set of anatomical names and landmarks falls short in providing detailed descriptions of all intricacies of injuries when employing contemporary surgical techniques. The existing terminology system needs to catch up with the level of contemporary pelvic surgery, enabling a comprehensive and understandable characterization of existing pathology and the treatment being administered for all medical professionals.
Purpose of the study was to create names for certain parts of the pelvic bones and their areas that currently lack specific designations and to propose the developed terms for professional discussion.
Methods. A retrospective analysis was conducted on X-rays and computer tomography scans of patients with pelvic bone injuries, performed from 2020 to 2022. A list of potential new anatomical terms was compiled through a literature review.
Results. In several cases, we encountered a deficiency of terms in diagnosing pelvic injuries and describing surgical procedures. New terms were developed to denote areas of the pelvis and their injuries, including the pubic bone base, vertical fractures of the pubic bone base, longitudinal fractures of the pubic bone base, incomplete rupture of the pubic symphysis, the base of the ilium, longitudinal fracture of the iliac base, fracture-subluxation and fracture-dislocation of the iliac base, calcar of the iliac bone, calcar spike, and the bone corridor.
Conclusions. The incorporation of new anatomical terms into clinical practice will help enhance the precision of diagnosis and surgical planning in pelvic fractures. Standardizing the terminology will promote uniformity in approaches and knowledge sharing among specialists, ultimately improving the quality of surgical care for patients with pelvic injuries.
Evolution of robot controllers for solving multiple tasks sequentially
Authors: Sendra-Arranz Rafael , Gutiérrez Álvaro
Published: October 2023

El cambio de tarea en robótica evolutiva es un problema en cual los robots deben aprender a resolver múltiples tareas independientes y a cambiar entre ellas en el momento adecuado. Cuando los robots son controlados por redes neuronales artificiales, el cambio de tarea aumenta notablemente en complejidad debido a que el mismo modelo neuronal debe codificar multiples comportamientos. En este artículo se propone un experimento en el que robots controlados por redes neuronales recurrentes en tiempo continuo deben resolver un problema de cambio de tarea. Los parámetros y topología del controlador neuronal son evolucionados mediante una combinación del algoritmo evolutivo NeuroEvolution of Augmenting Topologies (NEAT) y aprendizaje Hebbiano. En el experimento propuesto, el grupo de robots debe resolver secuencialmente las tareas de (i) seguir lo más cerca posible una fuente de luz móvil y (ii) transportar pequeños objetos y depositarlos en una zona de almacenamiento común. El orden de ejecución de las tareas es aleatorio. Los resultados muestran que los robots son capaces de resolver correctamente las tareas propuestas y de cambiar entre ellas en el instante de tiempo adecuado.
Actuador hidráulico blando para navegación de catéteres: Diseño, simulación y fabricación de primeros prototipos
Authors: Serrano Balbontín Andrés Joaquín , Mancha Sánchez Enrique , Tejado Inés , Vinagre Blas M.
Published: October 2023

Los actuadores blandos, es decir, los fabricados con materiales altamente deformables, tienen un gran potencial en aplicaciones biomédicas, debido principalmente a su bajo coste y peso, reducido tiempo de respuesta, facilidad de fabricación, alto grado de maniobrabilidad que ofrecen y seguridad en términos de biocompatibilidad. El objetivo de este proyecto es desarrollar un catéter robótico a pequeña escala con una punta dirigible para realizar cirugías cardiacas. Como primer paso para validar el concepto, este trabajo se centra en el diseño de un actuador hidráulico blando para controlar la dirección de la punta del catéter. Las simulaciones por elementos finitos permiten predecir con precisión el complejo comportamiento de los materiales hiperelásticos, lo que facilita el diseño y la optimización del uso de materiales. En este trabajo se emplean simulaciones en COMSOL Multiphysics para, por un lado, conocer cómo evoluciona el actuador bajo las deformaciones tridimensionales y, por otro, optimizar la geometría del actuador en términos de desplazamiento de la punta para una presión determinada. Asimismo, se describe el método de fabricación de los primeros prototipos.
Innovación en la industria juguetera: sistema robótico para el desmoldeo
Authors: Sánchez Daniel , Jara Carlos A. , Gomez-Donoso Francisco
Published: October 2023

Este trabajo presenta un nuevo sistema robótico desarrollado para automatizar la tarea de desmoldeo en la industria juguetera, que suele requerir mucha mano de obra y ser potencialmente peligrosa para los operarios. Aunque la automatización se ha generalizado en industrias como la automovilística y la alimentaria, sectores tradicionales como la fabricación de juguetes se han quedado rezagados. El sistema utiliza maquinaria especializada para la fabricación de juguetes, cámaras, actuadores y un algoritmo basado en visión, junto con un robot colaborativo capaz de manipular piezas de plástico blando y flexible durante el desmoldeo. Con la implantación de este sistema se reduce el estrés físico y las posibles lesiones de los operarios humanos, lo que les permite centrarse en tareas con mayores requisitos de destreza o reasignarlas a subtareas menos exigentes físicamente. El desarrollo de este sistema robótico colaborativo mejora la eficacia, la precisión y la seguridad del proceso de desmoldeo, al tiempo que permite a los operarios a contribuir en otras tareas del proceso industrial.
Control híbrido para la manipulación robótica de elementos flexibles
Authors: Tapia Sal Paz Benjamín , Sorrosal Gorka , Mancisidor Aitziber , Cabanes Itziar
Published: October 2023

En este trabajo se presenta la propuesta de control de un brazo robótico para la manipulación de elementos flexibles. Con esta, se busca una solución de control para trayectorias de manipulación de elementos flexibles donde es necesaria la aplicación de una fuerza adecuada que asegure la integridad física del elemento manipulado. La propuesta consiste en un esquema híbrido para el control de la interacción entre el robot y su entorno, proponiendo la generación de una trayectoria teórica de referencia y su adaptación mediante un controlador de fuerza que actúa de acuerdo a las fuerzas presentes durante la ejecución de la tarea. La implementación del control se realiza utilizando el framework hybrid-planning de ROS2, la cual es validada en un entorno de simulación en los robots Franka Emika y KUKA lbr iiwa. Como resultado se consiguen trayectorias para la manipulación de elementos flexibles que reducen la fuerza aplicada sobre el elemento flexible.
Análisis visual de escenas en entornos submarinos
Authors: Borja César , Murillo Ana C.
Published: October 2023

El uso de vehículos autónomos submarinos (AUV) supone una revolución para las tareas de monitorización del fondo marino. Sin embargo, propiedades como la atenuación de la luz o la turbidez del agua, propias de estos entornos, complican el procesado de las imágenes capturadas desde estos AUVs. Este trabajo estudia técnicas para mejorar la comprensión automática de imágenes monoculares de escenas submarinas. El sistema desarrollado no utiliza supervisión o entrenamiento adicional, sino que se construye a partir de técnicas existentes, aprendizaje zero-shot y algoritmos sencillos de procesamiento de imagen. El sistema combina una estimación de profundidad para las imágenes (utilizando monoUWNet Amitai et al. (2022), una adaptación a entornos submarinos del estado del arte en tareas de estimación de profundidad con imagen monocular) con la segmentación propuesta para separar las zonas de agua del resto de elementos de la escena. Los resultados del sistema presentado muestran como se consigue una interpretación más completa de la escena que con los algoritmos originales. El sistema propuesto permite segmentar con precisión las zonas de agua, facilitando la identificación de otros objetos de interés, como elementos suspendidos en el agua, que corresponden con peces u otros obstáculos móviles.
Simulador inmersivo de visión protésica modelando estímulos espacio-temporales
Authors: Santos-Villafranca Maria , Tomas-Barba Julia , Perez-Yus Alejandro , Bermudez-Cameo Jesus , Guerrero Josechu
Published: October 2023

Recientes avances han demostrado que, en ciertos casos de deficiencia visual, la visión puede ser parcialmente restituida mediante prótesis visuales. Debido a sus limitaciones, surge el interés por desarrollar métodos de visión por computador para extraer información relevante del entorno y adaptarla a las prótesis. Para poder evaluar la eficacia de estos métodos, debido a la escasez de personas operadas, se utilizan simuladores de prótesis visuales, que permiten experimentar con personas de visión sana. En este trabajo, presentamos un nuevo simulador realista, integrado en un framework de robótica, que permite probar distintos modos de representación mediante gafas de realidad virtual. Una de las principales novedades es la inclusión de un modelo temporal, inspirado en experimentos con pacientes reales, para transmitir la dimensión del tiempo en la generación de estímulos visuales. Además, permite la inmersión total del usuario en un entorno virtual en el que se ha integrado una red neuronal de segmentación semántica para ayudar a detectar objetos y personas.
Knowledge and attitude towards pharmacovigilance among healthcare students at a medical college in Nepal
Authors: Malla Bindu , Malla Komal Prasad , Shrestha Niranjan , Dhakal Ganesh , Simangainda Deependra Man Shrestha , Nepal Sushil , Dhakal Madan
Published: October 2023

Background: Pharmacovigilance is the science and activities relating to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and any other possible drug-related problems. Under reporting of adverse drugs reactions are the global health problem. The adequate knowledge and skills towards pharmacovigilance and adverse drugs reactions reporting are crucial for the health care students to ensure patients’ medication safety. This study aims to assess the knowledge and attitude of the health care students towards pharmacovigilance and ADRs.
Methods: A closed ended, structured, self-administered questionnaire was administered to 204 undergraduate health care students to collect the data. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21. Non-parametric tests (Mann Whitney U test and Kruskal Wallis test) were used for analysis.
Results: Among 204 respondents, the majority of them had a poor knowledge (91.18%) and positive attitude (87.25%) towards Pharmacovigilance. The inter quartile range (median) score of the respondents’ knowledge was 5.0±2.211 and attitude was 27.0±2.88 towards Pharmacovigilance and ADRs reporting. The main reason for under reporting of ADRs was difficulty to decide whether ADR has occurred or not (32.4%) due to the lack of appropriate knowledge and training. There is a poor knowledge and positive attitude towards Pharmacovigilance.
Conclusions: Adequate coverage of Pharmacovigilance and ADRs reporting issues should be covered in the curriculum as well as hand on training and workshop should be conducted to increase the knowledge and confidence in detecting, monitoring and reporting ADR in their clinical posting.
Comparison of efficacy of azilsartan with olmesartan in patients of hypertension: randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sharma Deeksha , Sood Atal , Kansal Dinesh , Kapoor Dhiraj , Sharma Akshay
Published: October 2023

Background: Azilsartan and olmesartan are members of ARBs, used in the management of hypertension. Objective was to evaluate efficacy of azilsartan with olmesartan in patients of hypertension.
Methods: A randomized, prospective, open label, comparative study was carried out in Pharmacology and Medicine department at Dr. RPGMC Kangra at Tanda, HP. The study stretched over one year and blood pressure was monitored at first, third and sixth month. Out of 69 patients, 35 patients in group A were prescribed tablet azilsartan 40 mg/day and 34 patients in group B patients were prescribed tablet olmesartan 20 mg/day. Tablet chlorthalidone 12.5 mg/day was add on in both the groups. Data was presented as mean+SD. Student’s t test was used and p value <0.05 was considered significant.
Results: In group A, systolic blood pressure (SBP) values improved from baseline of 153±10 mmHg to 111±18 mmHg (p<0.001) at 3 months and 109±6.1 mmHg (p<0.001) at 6 months and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) values from baseline of 87±7 mmHg to 67.1±4.6 mmHg (p<0.001) at 3 months and 67.6±2.5 mmHg (p < 0.001) at 6 months. In group B, SBP values improved from baseline of 154±8.5 mmHg to 127±3.6 mmHg (p<0.001) at 3 months and 123±4 mmHg (p<0.001) at 6 months and DBP values from baseline of 85±6.5mm Hg to 75.7±3.3 mmHg (p<0.001) at 3 months and 73±3.3 mmHg (p<0.001) at 6 months. On intergroup comparison improvement in hypertension was better in azilsartan group (p<0.001).
Conclusions: The study concluded that azilsartan is significantly better than olmesartan in controlling the hypertension.
Dissolution rates of various brands of proton pump inhibitors in combination with domperidone: an in vitro study
Authors: Ghosh Shibendu , Das Sandip Kumar , C. V. Krishna , Banerjee Ritwik
Published: October 2023

Background: Drug solubility, bioavailability, and dissolution rates are important in establishing in vivo efficacy. Eight brands of domperidone proton pump inhibitor combination drugs were compared to enable physicians to take an informed decision regarding the dissolution rates of various domperidone-PPI combinations available in the Indian market to allow identification and prescription of the drug with better bioavailability.
Methods: The in vitro dissolution rate of a combination of domperidone-PPI drugs was measured using the United States Pharmacopeia dissolution paddle apparatus. Each flask of the dissolving testing apparatus contained one tablet and 900 mL of the media, which was dissolved in pure water with 1% Tween® stored at 37.4°C. At regular intervals, aliquots were removed, filtered, and the amount of drug released was measured. The cumulative drug release was calculated using a standard formula.
Results: P04 and P07 had the fastest and the slowest onsets of action, respectively. P01 (Omez DSR) and P08 exhibited the longest and the shortest durations of action, respectively. The P05, P06, and P08 formulations had greater particulate matter than the other formulations. Under in vitro conditions, the bioavailability of Omez DSR was nearly two-fold higher than P07 and five-fold higher than P08.
Conclusions: Although P04 exhibited the fastest onset of action, Omez DSR had the longest duration of action, superior bioavailability, and ensured the rapid and continuous release of domperidone. Omez DSR demonstrated superior properties compared with other brands.
Impact of coronavirus disease pandemic on antimicrobials consumption and antimicrobial resistance during the first and second wave in a tertiary care hospital, in India
Authors: Bhardwaj Ankit , Mangesh Mala , Bhardwaj Avyukt
Published: October 2023

Background: This study measured the impact of the first and second wave of COVID-19 pandemic (in the year 2020-21) on the antibiotics uses and their effect on gram nehative bacterial species Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter.
Methods: The number of patient admission month-wise, antibiotic consumption, blood cultures collected, number of positive BCs, and antibiotic resistance were analysed retrospectively for the years 2020, 2021, and 2019 for comparison, in tertiary care hospital (ca. 840 beds).
Results: Half of patients admitted in years 2020 and 2021 in our hospital had COVID-19. A significant increase in total antibiotic consumption during the years 2020 (75.53 DDD per 100 admissions) and 2021 (91.71 DDD per 100 admissions) occurred in comparison to the year 2019 (52.5 DDD per 100 admissions). The rate ratio of BCs per 100 admissions increased by 74% in the year 2020, and 118% in the year 2021 in comparison with the rate ratio to the year 2019. The BSI rate per 100 admissions increased overall by 24% in March 2020 and 115% in April 2020, the rate ratio of BSIs per 100 admissions raised 58.4% for Klebsiella and 239.3% for E. coli, but remain the same for Acinetobacter and Aeruginosa. A sharp increase in the rate of BSIs caused by microorganisms resistant to cephalosporins was also observed in the years 2020 and 2021.
Conclusions: present study highlights the impact of the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic on antibiotic consumption and the increasing prevalence hospital-acquired infections and antimicrobial resistance.
Prescription pattern of antibiotics in various clinical departments of a tertiary care health institution: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Ramesh  , Vadhwa Meenakshi , Ridhima
Published: October 2023

Background: Antimicrobial resistance has been considered as one of the greatest challenges to the general public health today. The Antibiotic Stewardship Program has emphasized on prevention of drug resistant bacterial infection, targeted therapy against susceptible or resistant microorganism and to curtail unnecessary and irrational use of antibiotics. Present study aimed to evaluate the pattern of antibiotic prescription amongst the hospitalized patients of IGMC Shimla in Himachal Pradesh.
Methods: It was a retrospective observational study. Data was collected from hospital records of admitted patients in medicine and Surgical wards. Patient data like demographic profile, average hospital stay and number of antibiotics prescribed were extracted from their hospital records. Also, the data about oral/parenteral, generic/branded empirical/definitive and therapeutic/prophylaxis prescription in each patient were collected.
Results: In medicine ward, the number of generic prescriptions 78 (71.5%) were more as compared to branded 31 (28.5%) and majority were given the parenteral 61 (55.9%) than the oral 48 (44.1%) dosage form. In surgery ward, the branded prescriptions 61 (91%) out-numbered the generic prescription 6 (9%). The route of administration was mostly oral; 56 (83.5%), while only few had parenteral prescription; 11 (16.5%) in this ward.
Conclusions: It was found that majority of patients in medicine ward received generic named antibiotics for definitive management, while in surgical ward branded named antibiotics were prescribed for surgical prophylaxis. The cephalosporin was the most commonly prescribed antibiotic group. Majority of antibiotics belonged to “watch” category as far as WHO’s AWaRe classification is concerned.
The use of atherogenic indices as a useful marker to predict cardiovascular risk in patients with spondyloarthritis
Authors: Joy Deepti , Rajamurugan P. S. Arul , Ramesh R. , Mythili S.
Published: October 2023

Background: The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), linked to cholesterol esterification and its correlation with small dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels in the blood, can predict atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease.
Methods: The study examined 45 SpA patients from the Institute of Rheumatology, RGGGH, and MMC. They underwent baseline assessments, lipid profiles, measurements, and blood tests. Atherogenic indices (AIP, Castelli's Risk I and II, atherogenic coefficient) were calculated and defined using thresholds.
Results: In this study, most patients were males (68.9%) with a mean age of 37.73. Primary ankylosing spondylitis (AS) was (62.2%), and HLAB27 was positive in 33.3% of cases. Elevated AI was prevalent: AIP>0.11 (51.1%), CR-I>3.5 (males) or >3.0 (females) (77.8%), CR-II>3.0 (26.7%), and AC>3.0 (44.4%). Significant correlations were found between AIP and waist-hip ratio (p=0.045) and AIP and fasting blood sugar [FBS] (p=0.023). High AIP was significantly associated with metabolic syndrome (21.7%) but not high disease activity. CR-I was associated with elevated FBS levels (p=0.033). CR-II was linked to higher uric acid levels (p=0.043) and current TNF inhibitor use (p=0.041), and AC showed no significant associations with the assessed factors.
Conclusions: This study underscores AI's role in assessing cardiovascular risk in spondyloarthritis patients. AIP, CR-I, and CR-II provide vital risk assessment and management insights. AIP effectively identifies metabolic syndrome, while increased Castelli's risk index II warrants further investigation in a broader population, especially among TNF inhibitor users.
Hypokalemia, how to clarify and treat: a review article
Authors: Paramita Dwisari Putri Luh Ayu Made , Suryana Ketut
Published: October 2023

Hypokalemia is a frequent electrolyte disturbance in clinical practice and in hospitalized patients. Potassium disturbances are common and have been associated with increased mortality in several populations. The incidence of hypokalemia often occurs refractory and without a clear cause so very difficult to prevent and can increase risk of recurring conditions and require treatment. Through this overview will discuss what are the underlying causes of hypokalemia and what tests are needed to find out the cause of hypokalemia so that it can remind health worker and to prevent recurrence of emergencies conditions due to hypokalemia. The type of study is used literature review. In addition, the purpose of this study method is to reveal various theories that are relevant to the diagnostic approach to determine the causes of hypokalemia so that it can be used as reference material in daily practice. Hypokalemia is usually a sign of various diseases that can cause emergency conditions. If the cause is not known for certain, it will cause recurrent hypokalemia. It is important for health workers to conduct interviews to find out the patient's medical history, physical examination and comprehensive supporting examinations to determine the cause of hypokalemia. Comprehensive management is needed and must be done immediately so that the condition of hypokalemia does not lead to emergency conditions. In some patients, such as in endocrine related hypokalemia cases, multidisciplinary diagnostic and therapeutic approach is needed.