bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enamel Developmental Defect Masking on Central Incisor with Infiltrant Resin
Authors: de Oliveira MS , de Oliveira RS , Laxe LAC , Apolônio ACM
Published: August 2022

The aim of this paper is to present a case of masking of a hypoplastic lesion using the infiltrating resin technique, without use of drilling or any loss of tooth structure. A 22-year-old female patient complained of a noncarious white spot on the buccal surface of the upper right central incisor which affected the esthetics of her smile. Despite the tooth discoloration, the tooth structure was intact, with no depressions, cracks, or grooves. During the anamnesis, she reported that the white spot had been present since childhood. On the basis of the information provided by the patient and collected during intraoral clinical examination, it was determined that the stain was suggestive of enamel hypoplasia. The treatment proposed to the patient was the application of infiltrating resin to mask the hypoplasia on the surface of the tooth enamel without any loss of tooth structure. In this case, Icon infiltrating resin proved to be efficient in masking the hypoplastic lesion. The final appearance of the treated tooth was satisfactory, with homogeneity and gloss on the surface, which minimized the characteristics of an unpleasant smile.
Modern geoelectromagnetic researches of the Ukrainian Carpathians
Authors: Burakhovych T. , Kushnir A. , Ilienko V.
Published: August 2022

Based on the results of modern synchronous geoelectromagnetic studies, a spatiotemporal picture of the distribution of geomagnetic variations and the electric field on the Earth’s surface, as well as an idea of the distribution of electrical conductivity and the geoelectric structure of the subsurface section of the southwestern Ukrainian Carpathians, was obtained. The experimental data were processed using the PRC_MTMV software package; the properties of response functions — tippers for periods of geomagnetic variations from 50 to 5000 s and curves of apparent electrical resistivity (amplitude values and impedance phases) from 10 to 1000 s were analyzed. The anomalies of electrical conductivity in the Earth’s crust outlined as a result of a qualitative interpretation correspond to fault tectonics and create a chain of four local differently oriented sections, the common axis of which runs between the Transcarpathian and Chernogolovsky deep faults, and in the southern part between the latter and Uzhotsky (it is also possible to consider the option of a single longitudinally heterogeneous conductive structure within the concept of the axial zone of the Carpathian magnetovariational anomaly). An inhomogeneous distribution of electrical conductivity at the depths of the upper mantle was recorded in the Ukrainian Carpathian region from the Transcarpathian trough to the Skibov cover. It is shown that there is a general northeastern deepening of the upper edge from 40—60 km (Transcarpathian trough) to 90—100 km (Krosnensky cover) and its sharp subsidence in the zone of the Porkuletsky and Duklyansky covers. Three sections were distinguished along the strike of the inner and central zones of the Outer Carpathians: the northern one is characterized by a deepening of the upper edge and a branching of electrical conductivity along the depth towards the south; The obtained results of geoelectromagnetic studies are in good agreement with geothermal zoning, correspond to the structure of the lithosphere according to the DSS profiles and with ideas about the geodynamic development of the interior.
Seismic tomography of the mantle and primary hydrogen deposits in the Dnieper-Donetsk basin
Authors: Tsvetkova T.O. , Bugaenko I.V. , Zaets L.M.
Published: August 2022

According to the three-dimensional P-velocity model of the mantle under Eurasia obtained by the Taylor approximation method, the analysis of the velocity structure of the mantle (to depths of 2500 km south of 50° N and 1700 km north) in the territory of the Dnieper-Donetsk depression was carried out in order to determine the possible areas of primary hydrogen release. Primary hydrogen is formed in the core and lower mantle, can be transferred to the surface (according to I.L. Gufeld). According to seismotomography, nine superdeep mantle fluids are isolated on the territory of Ukraine, the routes of which are defined as subvertical columns of alternation of high-speed and low-speed anomalies. In addition to the presence of superdeep mantle fluids in the study area, the following characteristics were analyzed: the depth of the main geodynamic boundary, the influence of the high-velocity transition zone of the upper mantle (propagating northward into the low-velocity transition zone of the upper mantle of the East European platform), the depth of the Moho boundary, gravity mantle anomalies and heat flow. The totality of the studies performed allowed us to conclude that, according to seismic tomography data, the Izyumsky and the eastern part of the Lokhvitsky segment of the Dnieper-Donetsk depression are promising areas for detecting primary hydrogen in the territory of the Dnieper-Donetsk depression.
Hydrocarbon system of the South Caspian Depression
Authors: Yusubov N.P. , Shikhmammadova T.N.
Published: August 2022

Actuality. The hydrocarbon generation sources in the South Caspian Basin (SCB) are located at the depth of nine or more kilometers, where the organic-rich Maikop sediments occur. The main oil-and-gas fields here are found in reservoirs of the Productive Strata (Lower Pliocene), bedding at a depth of one or more kilometers. At the same time, the significant role at the process of hydrocarbons migration from the source of their generation to the reservoirs belongs to the tectonic faults (fractures). However, the results of the research according to the latest seismic data carried out in recent years are indicated the unavailability of the tectonic faults in the SCB, which connected the hydrocarbon generation sources with the reservoirs in the Productive Strata.

Target. The determination of the geological elements at the studied area that contributed the role of the hydrocarbon migration channels and connected generation source with reservoirs in the Productive Strata.

Objects. The hydrocarbon generation source, hydrocarbon migration channel, tectonic faults and fractures, Productive Strata reservoirs, eruptive channels of the mud volcanoes.

Approach. The collaboration interpretation results of the deep drilling and the seismic data by using the common depth point method.

Results. Based on the structural interpretation results of the seismic data with high-resolution parameters, are indicated the lack of the tectonic faults which connecting the hydrocarbon generation source with reservoirs of the Productive Strata in the SCB.

In addition, the hydrocarbons that generated in the Maikop sediments are transported to the Productive Strata reservoirs by the eruptive channels of mud volcanoes. The opinion that the process of hydrocarbon generation in the Maikop clay deposits continues to the present time and the mud volcanoes eruptive channels provide feeding of the deposits with the continuous supply of oil-and-gas was expressed. Such kind of mechanism allows to classify the deposits, that more than a century under developed in the South Caspian Depression and which located at the zone of mud volcanomaturity, to the category of replenished.
Geological Theory versus Plate Tectonics. A Comment to the paper by V.V. Gordienko «About Geological Theory»
Authors: Khazan Y.
Published: August 2022

Geological Theory versus Plate Tectonics. A Comment to the paperby V.V. Gordienko «About Geological Theory»
Hubungan Stimulasi Guru terhadap Perkembangan Motorik Halus Anak di TK Islam Nurul Falah Kota Payakumbuh
Authors: Septiani Yohana , Yeni Indra
Published: August 2022

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of teacher encouragement with the development of fine motor skills of children in Nurul Falah Payakumbuh City Islamic Kindergarten during two terms of the 2021- academic year- 2022. Infants are childhood. At this age, all aspects of a child's development are developing very quickly. Various factors contribute to the development of children's fine motor skills. One of them is the ability of the teacher to suggest appropriate stimuli to the child to support the development of the child's fine motor skills. This study aims to reveal the relationship of teacher stimulation with fine motor development of children in Nurul Falah Pyakumbuh City Islamic Kindergarten. This research method is a quantitative method with a kind of relational research. The composition of this study included all teachers and students of Nurul Falah Payakumbuh Municipal Islamic Kindergarten. Set the total sample size to 7 for a research sample that includes the entire universe: 7 teachers and group B1 12 people, B2 11 people, B3 11 people, B4 10 people, B5 11 people, B6 12 people, B7 11 people. teachers and 78 Students, so 85 people participate in Nurul Falah Islamic Kindergarten, a technique to collect data from children in the town of Payakumbuh with questionnaires and documents, correlated test results . It can be said that there is no significant relationship between learning stimulation and fine motor development of children in Nurul Falah Payakumbuh City Islamic Kindergarten
APLIKASI ANDROID ALTERNATIF PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INGGRIS SAAT SCHOOL FROM HOME UNTUK SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Fauzi Moch Farid , Pitaloka Meilani
Published: August 2022

Berdasarkan Surat Edaran Nomor 4 Tahun 2020 tentang Pelaksanaan Pendidikan Dalam Masa Darurat Covid-19, seluruh pelaksanaan kebijakan pendidikan dilakukan secara daring mulai dari kalangan sekolah dasar sampai dengan perguruan tinggi. Pembelajaran daring memiliki kendala seperti masih banyaknya wilayah yang belum terjangkau jaringan internet, kuota internet terbatas, media pembelajaran yang monoton dengan minimnya interaktif yang menyebabkan siswa jenuh dan masih banyak lagi. Berdasarkan uraian permasalahan tersebut, penelitian ini bermaksud membangun aplikasi pembelajaran sebagai alternative siswa dalam belajar Bahasa inggris. Berdasarkan hasil survey EF English Proficiency Index edisi tahun 2020 menyatakan tingkat kecakapan bahasa inggris di Indonesia masih sangat rendah dengan mendapatkan peringkat 74 dari 100 negara. Sehingga pentingnya pendidikan bahasa inggris untuk dikenalkan sejak dini ke anak, Penelitian ini menggunakan framework Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC) dan di evaluasi menggunakan pengujian alpha testing dan beta testing.
 
Kata Kunci :
Covid-19, pembelajaran, aplikasi, bahasa inggris, mdlc
Performance analysis of power flow strategies adjusted to a distribution network with non-linear loads and a PV system
Authors: Alejandra Martínez-Peñaloza  , German Osma-Pinto  , Gabriel Ordoñez-Plata
Published: August 2022

In analysing power flows, computational strategies and tools are used to study electrical networks considered ill conditioned by characteristics such as radial topology, load unbalance, and distributed generation. However, these techniques do not consider harmonic distortion that power electronics devices recently injected into electrical networks. For this reason, this work presents a comparison of the results of three strategies for solving harmonic power flows, where each one of them uses a specific load model in the frequency domain to represent non linear loads and a photovoltaic system installed in a distribution network. The traditional Backward/Forward algorithm is adjusted to meet the characteristic conditions of the network. It applies the Norton equivalent coupled admittance matrix model. The other strategies model the electrical network in specialised software; the analysis in Simulink considers the Norton decoupled admittance matrix model, while PowerFactory uses the current source model to represent the loads and the PV system. All three strategies successfully determined the waveforms of the voltage signals; however, the results showed differences for the current signals and power parameters.
Importance of the fluctuations of the steel price in the economic feasibility of a hybrid offshore platform in the West of the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: A. Filgueira-Vizoso  , X. Costoya  , D. Cordal-Iglesias  , L. Castro-Santos
Published: August 2022

Marine renewable energies are being implemented as basic energy sources of the Spanish energy system for various reasons, the first because the planet Earth is made up of 70% water, which makes marine resources very important when programming the production, the second because they are clean energies that do not emit greenhouse gases, necessary to comply with the European Green Deal and the third because this type of energy provides us with energy independence from third countries. But, despite the social benefits mentioned above, we also have to take into account economic factors that can make the economic profitability of this type of equipment less viable. For this, the wind resource, platform costs, etc. are analyzed. Within these factors, this research focuses on seeing how the variation in the price of steel (the main material used in this equipment) caused by the increase in the cost of electricity causes the main economic parameters to vary for a park made up of W2Power hybrid platforms. of 300 MW located on the Atlantic coast of the Iberian Peninsula.
Legal nature of the agreement on surrogate motherhood
Authors: Kostyk E.
Published: August 2022

The article analyzes the legal relationship in the field of surrogacy through the prism of contract law in order to establish differences with the composition of the crime under Article 149 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine “Trafficking in Human Beings”. We also found that the basis for the emergence of legal relations between the subjects of this type of assisted reproductive technologies is the agreement on surrogacy.

Analyzing the legal nature of this agreement in view of its subject, we found that the surrogacy agreement is a contract for the provision of medical services, which concerns the place of such a contract in the system of contracts - the contract for the provision of actual medical services. In addition, we have established and investigated the subject of the surrogacy agreement. Thus, the subject of this agreement is directly the actions of the surrogate mother, her voluntary consent to bear and give birth to a child for parents who are deprived of such an opportunity on medical grounds to do so independently, for monetary compensation or without. Because surrogacy is a type of assisted reproductive technology, we have found that this method is one of the medical indications for the treatment of infertility. It follows that the actions of a surrogate mother are medical services.

In our articles, we investigated the nature of the crime of “Trafficking in Human Beings” and conducted a comparative analysis of this crime with the surrogacy agreement to identify differences between them. We have also identified a key feature that distinguishes the above-mentioned concepts: the lack of a genetic link between a child born as a result of a surrogacy program and a surrogate mother. In addition, we highlight the main features that do not include the crime of “trafficking in human beings” by participants in the surrogacy program.

In this article, we have analyzed the case law, which has made it possible to demonstrate more practically when a person’s actions constitute a crime of “Trafficking in Human Beings”, which is different from the legal nature of the surrogacy agreement.
Reasonable terms of judicial review as an element of protection of the right to a fair trial in the context of the ECHR practice: the experience of Italy
Authors: Shcherbyna V.
Published: August 2022

The article analyzes the experience of Italy related to the obligation of the state to implement at the national level an effective mechanism for protecting the right to trial within a reasonable time, taking into account the case law of the European Court of Human Rights. It was also pointed out that the issue of implementation of the principle of fair trial is rather complicated. The author stated that the right to a fair trial, enshrined in the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and fundamental freedoms, includes several components that expand and detail its contents. The article stated that the reasonable term of the trial is a separate element of accessibility of justice. The author determined that the term of judicial review begins to count from the moment of the submission of the claim to the court and it is finished by the execution of the court decision. At the same time, it can be considered reasonable, taking into account the complexity of a particular civil case, behavior of the applicant and government bodies, the importance of the question for the applicant or the special situation of the person who is applying to court for the protection of his violated, unrecognized or disputed right, freedom or interest. The author also drew attention to the fact that the overload of the judicial system can be caused by certain emergency situations, for example, economic recession, when the state cannot predict an increase in the number of disputes in advance. The article stated that Italy is the first state to introduce legal measures of protection of the right to fair trial within reasonable time at the level of national legislation. The author noted that the understanding of the terms of the consideration of each civil case is guaranteed by fairness in the judicial process and it is a separate element of the accessibility of justice. The article determined that the ECHR does not recognize specific terms that could be considered reasonable or unwise, but the Court has developed certain criteria for assessing the understanding of such terms of judicial review, which will lead to greater effectiveness of judicial protection. On the example of experience of Italy, the author stated that the introduction of new legal mechanisms in the legal models of states cannot always solve the problem and such an approach requires more detailed research.
Testimony of witnesses in the system of evidence in economic judicial procedure
Authors: Bashkirova Yu.
Published: August 2022

The article considers the place and role of witness testimony in the system of means of evidence in economic litigation. To this end, the relevant economic procedural legislation is analyzed, which provides a definition of the testimony of witnesses and regulates the procedure for obtaining them. The analysis of scientific sources revealed that the institute of witnesses, in economic litigation, is one of the topics of discussion not only among practitioners but also among scholars. A critical review of the positions of scholars on the place and role of witness testimony in the system of evidence in economic litigation. It is determined that the introduction of the institution of witnesses in economic litigation is aimed at unifying and simplifying the procedural aspects of litigation.

It is established that despite long discussions on the use of the institution of witnesses in economic litigation, practice has shown the need to expand the means of proof through witness testimony, as it is seen that the study of such testimony in some cases can help establish objective truth and completeness. and comprehensiveness of the case.

From the analysis of procedural norms it was concluded that the subjects of evidence in economic litigation may be persons who are not directly involved in the case. The witness belongs to this group of subjects. The positive feature of the witness is that he directly perceived the circumstances of the case with the help of the senses and the lack of legal interest in resolving the case. In economic litigation, there are cases in which the testimony of witnesses can be used, which determines the existence of certain relationships between the witness and the party.

It was emphasized that if witnesses are involved in the trial, there is a risk of delaying the trial and, as a consequence, violating the principle of efficiency of the trial due to abuse of non-appearance of witnesses at the hearing. Amendments to the economic procedural legislation have been proposed to regulate the obligation to testify as a witness.

It is proved that the introduction of the institute of witnesses in the economic procedural legislation is a positive change, which is aimed at bringing the economic justice of Ukraine closer to European standards.
Mediation as an alernative way to resolve economic dispute
Authors: Tolstykh A.
Published: August 2022

Recently, Ukraine has increasingly used the practice of alternative dispute resolution without the use of traditional court procedures, as the established tradition of appealing to government agencies about each conflict has led to an overload of the judiciarysystem. There is an alternative way that can improve access to justice and reduce the burden on the courts –using a method of conflict resolution such as mediation. In the countries of the Anglo-Saxon legal system - the United States, Australia, Europe mediation has been the most common alternative way of resolving disputes for a long time. In the Ukrainian scientific and legal sphere the institute of mediation is not so developed and frequently used, and currently is only at the stage of formation and development. Scientists and legislators have been working for many years to create appropriate conditions for the introduction of mediation in Ukraine: educational work on the content and benefits of mediation, development, expert analysis of draft laws on mediation, providing detailed recommendations, adopting and implementing new regulation acts, special programs are being implemented through the creation of coordination groups, institutes and mediation centers. Therefore, there is a wide range of topical issues regarding the mediation mechanism, which are subject to detailed research and require practical studying.

This article is devoted to the study of the general principles of the introduction of mediation as an alternative way of resolving economic disputes in the conditionsof updating legislation. The article identifies the main stages of the institution of mediation in Ukraine, the concept and features of mediation as one of the alternative ways to resolve commercial disputes, analyzes national and international regulations in the field of mediation.
Some problems of post-Brexit legal regulation of environment protection in the United Kingdom
Authors: Tragnyuk O. , Shchokin Yu.
Published: August 2022

The issue of the future legal regulation of environmental protection during the negotiations on the with- drawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union was one of the most controversial. As is well known, the regulation of environmental protection and climate change, as well as the policy of the EU Member States in this area, belong to the so-called joint competence of the EU and the Member States. The EU, through well-developed environmental legislation, is currently regulating such areas of public relations as nature, bio- diversity, waste and waste recycling, and so on. Environmental quality, clean air and water, healthy flora and fauna in modern conditions can only be ensured through cross-border cooperation, and EU legal standards promote the development of new technologies and businesses. Investors in companies involved in renewable energy and clean technologies, as well as waste and recycling, have faced some difficulties in reviewing EU national legislation during the transition period. The formation of new standards, despite the preservation of certain union rules, is gradual. As a result, Britain’s withdrawal from the EU has inevitably affected to some extent all aspects of its environmental policy, as well as the quality of life of Britons. Undoubtedly, the United Kingdom will continue to pursue trade relations with the European Union but may want to lower radical national environmental standards, which in turn will give the country a competitive advantage over the EU. This article examines the legal and political considerations behind Brexit in light of the United Kingdom’s international commitments to the environment, including climate change. The authors argue that deregulation pressure calls into question the realization of the British dream of a «greener» state after Brexit.
The legal foundation for the participation of citizens in the territorial defense of Ukraine
Authors: Troyansky O.
Published: August 2022

The article analyzes the legal foundation for the participation of citizens in the territorial defense of Ukraine and volunteer formations of the territorial communities during armed aggression. The concepts of territorial defense, resistance movement and national resistance are considered.

The purpose of national resistance is understood as increasing the defense capability of the state, giving the defense of Ukraine a comprehensive character, and helping to ensure the readiness of Ukrainian citizens for national resistance.

It has been systematized the information on the status of the territorial defense of Ukraine at the end of February 2022 and it was identified the problematic issues that the territorial communities faced in the process of organizing resistance forces in the subordinate territories during the full-scale armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine.

There are some problems that the communities faced in organizing resistance forces on their territories at the beginning of the war. Among them there were singled out: the lack of coordination of the activities of volunteer battalions, military administrations and law enforcement agencies; problems of identifying certain groups of the population as volunteer formations; lack of proper financial and logistical support for territorial defense units of the Armed Forces and volunteer formations.

It has been analyzed the main components of the territorial defense, including military, civil and military-civilian. The features of the creation of volunteer formations and territorial communities and the procedure for their recruitment are considered, as well the requirements of volunteers under the legislation of Ukraine.

It is noted that the basis of volunteer formations of territorial communities should be the citizens of Ukraine who have completed military service in the Armed Forces of Ukraine or the service of other military formations and law enforcement agencies.

It has also been defined the rules in accordance with which the citizens can participate in repelling and deterring the armed aggression of the Russian Federation and other states, including the rules that regulate the procedure for purchasing the firearms and the ammunition for it, as well as the procedure for its use in a military conflict.
On the question of criminal procedural regulation of the term “electronic assets obtained by criminal route”
Authors: Pchelina O.
Published: August 2022

In the article it has been emphasized that the effectiveness of criminal proceedings in general and the seizure of such property as electronic assets obtained by criminal means, in particular, depends on understanding the nature of this type of asset and the state of its criminal procedure. It has been emphasized that the researched question acquires special value in the conditions of constant information-technological development and its introduction in all spheres of public life. It has been analyzed the provisions of regulations in which the legislator uses the term “asset”. It has been found that the category “asset” is used in accounting and financial reporting. It has been established that in the tax legislation there is a phrase “assets of an individual”. It has been noted that the legislative interpretation of the term “assets” is given in the Criminal Code of Ukraine, the laws of Ukraine “On the National Agency of Ukraine for Detection, Investigation and Management of Assets Obtained from Corruption and Other Crimes” and “On Prevention and Counteraction to Legalization (Laundering) of Proceeds from Crime, Financing of Terrorism and Financing of the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction”. It has been stated that at the legislative level the term “electronic assets” has not found its consolidation and settlement. It has been noted that electronic assets are, in fact, financial assets in electronic form. It has been found that the term “obtained by criminal means” is understood. It has been proposed to carry out criminal procedural regulation of the term “electronic assets obtained by criminal means” by supplementing Part 1 of Art. 1 of the Law of Ukraine “On the National Agency of Ukraine for Detection, Investigation and Management of Assets Obtained from Corruption and Other Crimes” by paragraph 11 of the following content: “1-1) electronic assets obtained by criminal means - cash in the form of entries in accounts non-cash form) and virtual assets that are directly or indirectly obtained as a result of a criminal offense and / or are income from such property; intended (used) to persuade a person to commit a criminal offense, financing and / or material support of a criminal offense or reward for its commission; is the subject of a criminal offense; found, manufactured, adapted or used as a means or instrument of committing a criminal offense”.
Electronic justice as a way to increase the efficiency of judicial proceedings
Authors: Nikolenko L.
Published: August 2022

The article examines the issues of e-justice as a way to increase the efficiency of litigation. The development of the legislation regulating e-justice is analyzed.

It is emphasized that the essence and importance of the use of information technology is due to the transformation of their role in the development of the rule of law, civil society and in the protection of the rights and interests of individuals and legal entities. The processes of obtaining, acquainting and transmitting legal information play a key role in the implementation and realization of their tasks in any branch of law, in the field of proper informational impact on public relations.

Based on the analysis of the use of the automated system in the judicial sphere, it is determined that there is a positive dynamics of efficiency of effective court proceedings, as well as the receipt of current information on the status of court proceedings.

It is emphasized that an important factor in improving the efficiency, openness and transparency of justice is the use of information technology in the judiciary, which simplifies court procedures, shortens the time of court proceedings, procedural deadlines and court costs.

It is noted that e-justice is a new independent, unique form of litigation based on information technology, which provides a full cycle of litigation in electronic format.

Positive and negative features of e-justice implementation are identified.

It is concluded that e-justice in economic litigation consists of many elements that must ensure the judicial process in accordance with established European standards and relevant rules of procedural law. A quality e-justice system will have a positive impact on the transformation of Ukrainian society, especially the interaction of state and judicial bodies, local governments with citizens, legal entities and public organizations.
Main trends in the development of labour law under the conditions of martial state
Authors: Hryshyna Yu. , Chanysheva G.
Published: August 2022

The article emphasizes the role and importance of labour law as one of the fundamental branches in the legal system of Ukraine. Labour law is distinguished from other branches of law, first of all, by its social focus. In the conditions of martial law, labour law remains the guarantor of ensuring the labour rights of employees and employers and does not change its essence, social significance and social purpose.

The main task of modern labour law in the conditions of martial law, as in peacetime, remains the development of an effective sectoral mechanism for ensuring the labour rights, freedoms and interests of employees and employers. It is about the proper establishment of the list of basic labour rights of the employee and the employer at the legislative level in accordance with international and European standards, as well as guarantees of their implementation, forms, methods and means of protection.

Based on the analysis of the content of legislative acts adopted under martial law, the following main trends in the development of modern labour law in a special period have been identified:

1) establishment of certain limitations and features of the organization of labour relations with observance of minimum labour guarantees;

2) strengthening the protection of labour rights of employees and guarantees of their implementation;

3) strengthening the flexibility of legal regulation of labour relations, employee mobility when exercising the right to work;

4) expansion of the contractual basis for regulating labour relations.

Emphasis is placed on the fact that when adopting new laws, introducing changes and additions to existing acts in the conditions of martial law, the legislative approach to the regulation of individual and collective labour relations should remain unchanged and, as in peacetime, should be aimed at preserving labour law as a separate branch of law with its independent sectoral legal mechanism – subject, method, principles of legal regulation, system of the branch of law, its sources and functions.
Artificial intelligence through the prism of fundamental human rights
Authors: Turuta O. , Turuta O.
Published: August 2022

The article analyzes the development of artificial intelligence and its impact on human rights. The ways of introducing artificial intelligence technologies into various spheres of human life are determined. It is considered how different artificial intelligence systems are used today in the world and how they can help and harm society. The analysis of the impact of artificial intelligence on human rights is based on documents widely used in Europe and containing a wide range of human rights, the General Declaration of Human Rights of 1948, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, economic, social and cultural rights of 1966 and the Charter of Fundamental EU rights. The misuse of artificial intelligence algorithms creates many problems, such as violation of the right to life, the right to privacy, restriction of freedom of speech and opinion, violation of the right to a fair trial and the presumption of innocence, the right to equal opportunity and non-discrimination, the right to work, etc. Since artificial intelligence technologies use certain data sets, the violation of the rights of certain groups of the population is most often observed. These may include women and children, as well as certain ethnic, racial or religious groups. The article concludes that the introduction of artificial intelligence technologies in various areas of life can qualitatively change them and increase the effectiveness of any human work. However, the rapid development of technology can have a negative impact on human rights. Risks to fundamental human rights stem from the inability to foresee the consequences of such new technology. Governments of the world and companies using artificial intelligence technologies should be aware of the imperfection of the data on which the technology is trained, and take care to prevent discrimination and violations of human rights, be ready to provide timely and effective remedies in cases where decisions made by machines, turn out to be wrong.
The association between dietary diversity, social assistance, and coping strategy with household food security during COVID-19 in Tulungagung District, East Java
Authors: Novi Novianti Tysmala Dewi , Iswarawanti Dwi Nastiti , Hardiany Novia Silvia
Published: August 2022

Background : Food insecurity is still prevalent in Indonesia and COVID-19 impacts led to severe and widespread increases in food insecurity, affecting vulnerable households with impacts expected to continue into 2022 and possibly beyond.

Objective : This study aimed to determine the association between dietary diversity, social assistance, and coping strategies with food security during COVID-19 in Tulungagung, East Java.

Methods : This cross-sectional study was conducted in Tulungagung District, East Java with interviewed using telephone from May to July 2021. Multistage random sampling was conducted to 187 parents (mother or father). The study used structured questionnaire for socio demographic background, Household Food Insecure Assess Scale (HFIAS), dietary diversity scale, coping strategy index instruments to collect the data.

Results : This study found the prevalence of food insecurity in Tulungagung were 56.1%. There was association between income (p=0.021, OR= 2.388(1.123-5.079)), dietary diversity (p=0.007, OR=3.400(1.440-8.200)), number of coping strategies (p=<0.001, OR=10.020(5.055-9.861)), and coping strategies food compromisation (p=<0.00, OR=13.337(5.835-3.485)) with food security.

Conclusions : Most households have faced food insecurity because of lower income during the pandemic, have low dietary diversity, and tend to use coping strategy to survive. By this finding, it is important for government to give priority and focus on vulnerable household in social assistance for the long term and more focused to build up human capital among households through skill and training to ensure the resilience of food security.
Factors associated with physical inactivity among community dwelling adults in Umuahia, Nigeria
Authors: Ukegbu Patricia , Ukegbu Beulah , Uche Precious , Ukegbu Andrew
Published: August 2022

Background: Considerable evidence suggests that physical inactivity contributes to the magnitude of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and is responsible for premature deaths globally.

Objective: This study aimed to examine physical inactivity and associated factors among community dwelling adults in Abia State, Nigeria.

Methods: A total of 868 community-dwelling adults (20 to 59 years) were sampled in a cross- sectional survey using multistage sampling technique. A validated questionnaire was used to collect information on sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics. Weight and height were measured and used to calculate the body mass index (BMI). The Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) was used to collect data on physical activity status. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to assess the relationship between physical inactivity and associated factors at p<0.05.

Results: The prevalence of physical inactivity was 49.8% (48.5% in males and 51.0% in females), while combined overweight and obesity was 39.4%. In the adjusted model, physical inactivity was associated with older age (OR=0.49, 95% CI: 0.34- 0.71), increasing BMI (OR=0.67, 95% CI: 0.49- 0.91), increasing income (OR=0.65, 95% CI: 0.48- 0.89), and alcohol consumption (OR=0.67, 95% CI: 0.47- 0.97).

Conclusion: The high prevalence of physical inactivity among adults underscores the need for community-based physical activity interventions to reduce the burden of NCDs among adults.
Posterior fossa melanocytic schwannoma extending to the cervicothoracic spinal cord: A clinical rarity
Authors: Fazal Zoha Zahid , Kazmi Syeda Maryam , Bajwa Mohammad Hamza , Khan Ahsan Ali
Published: August 2022

Background:

Melanocytic schwannomas (MSs) are rare, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors with only 200 cases reported to date. These pose imaging and pathological challenges for definitive diagnosis.

Case Description:

A 25-year-old lady presented at our center with a prolonged history of gait disturbance, left ear tinnitus, headaches, and drowsiness. MRI findings showed a midline cystic lesion in the posterior cranial fossa extending caudally to the D1 vertebral body, with marked central hypointensity, and peripheral hyperintensity on T1-weighted images. A suboccipital craniotomy and debulking of the lesion were performed, showing a hyperpigmented, infiltrative tumor adherent to the surrounding structures. This was confirmed as a melanocytic schwannoma on histopathological analysis.

Conclusion:

Posterior fossa MSs involving cervicomedullary region and extending distally to cervicothoracic spinal cord are rare and complex cases, particularly with regard to difficulty diagnosing preoperatively and surgical resection.
Multiple etiologies of secondary headaches associated with arachnoid cyst, cerebrospinal fluid hypovolemia, and nontraumatic chronic subdural hematoma in an adolescent: A case report
Authors: Shimizu Sae , Ito Sayaka , Higuchi Kazushi
Published: August 2022

Background:

Diagnosing the cause of headaches can be challenging. Even if intracranial lesions are found in a patient, careful assessment is essential for diagnosis, and treatment strategies will differ for each etiology.

Case Description:

A 16-year-old boy presented with sudden-onset headache which had lasted for 2 days. His headache was aggravated in the orthostatic position. The patient denied recent head trauma. He had been diagnosed with an arachnoid cyst (AC) in his right middle cranial fossa. Computed tomography (CT) revealed bilateral subdural effusions and slit-like lateral ventricles with no significant changes to the AC. After intravenous hydration followed by 2 days bed rest, his symptoms abated. He was diagnosed as having suffered spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) hypovolemia. One month later, the patient experienced recurrent gradual onset headache and vomiting. CT revealed chronic right side subdural hematoma (SDH) with intracystic hemorrhage, which resulted in the elevation of intracranial pressure. An urgent hematoma evacuation was performed. He became symptom-free immediately after surgery. Postoperative follow-up CT showed no change in the AC and no recurrence of SDH. The lateral ventricles and subdural space were normal in size.

Conclusion:

We report a case presenting multiple types of secondary headaches, which were caused by intracranial hypotension or hypertension, with different etiologies. These were spontaneous CSF hypovolemia, nontraumatic intracystic hemorrhage form of AC, and nontraumatic chronic SDH. Although lesions seen at the time of initial diagnosis did not need surgical treatment, careful observation and repetitive imaging assessments might be useful for discovering unsuspected additional etiologies requiring surgical intervention.
Modified lateral orbitotomy approach for resection of anterior temporal cavernous malformation
Authors: Rennert Robert C. , Bounajem Michael T. , Budohoski Karol P. , Mortimer Vance R. , Couldwell William T.
Published: August 2022

Background:

The lateral orbitotomy approach (LOA) provides a direct and minimally invasive corridor to orbital apex, cavernous sinus, and middle cranial fossa (MCF) lesions. Removal of the lateral orbital wall and retraction of the orbital contents, as performed with a traditional LOA, can cause diplopia and enophthalmos and affect visual acuity. The modified LOA (mLOA) preserves the lateral orbital wall to limit this morbidity.

Case Description:

A 58-year-old man experienced new-onset headaches and anxiety attacks that improved with anti-seizure medication. He was neurologically intact on examination. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a 2-cm right anterior temporal cavernous malformation with an associated hemosiderin ring. Electroencephalogram revealed right temporal intermittent rhythmic delta activity suspicious for anterior temporal lobe epilepsy. He underwent an endoscopic-assisted keyhole mLOA for resection of the cavernoma and hemosiderin-stained brain. Key steps included a Y-shaped incision in the upper eyelid/lateral canthus, removal of a 1.5-cm segment of the lateral orbital rim, drilling of the lateral orbital wall with preservation of the medial cortex, drilling the lateral sphenoid ridge to access the anterior temporal lobe, resecting the cavernoma with endoscopic assistance for removal of all potentially epileptogenic abnormal brain, and plating the orbital rim as part of a layered closure. Postoperatively, he remained neurologically intact. He was discharged on postoperative day 4 after resolution of a cerebrospinal fluid leak with lumbar drainage. On follow-up, his anxiety attacks had completely resolved, and his incision was well-healed.

Conclusion:

The mLOA is an ideal keyhole technique for selected lesions of the MCF.
Thirty-two nails injected into the head: An operative report and review of the literature
Authors: Zima Laura A. , Srinivasan Subhiksha , Budde Brad , Kitagawa Ryan
Published: August 2022

Background:

Self-inflicted nail gun injuries are a rare phenomenon that can result in traumatic damage. The velocity of the nail is generally fast enough to penetrate the skull. However, the extent of damage depends on the exact angle and structures of the brain encountered by the nails.

Case Description:

A 55-year-old male presented with 32 nails in the head and was found down. Initially, the patient presented with localization but had to be intubated soon after due to declining condition. This report describes the operative technique for safe removal of all nails, separated into six categories based on location and structures of the brain encountered. A review of literature revealed potential complications such as hemorrhage and infections and how to protect against these undesired effects.

Conclusion:

Self-inflicted nail gun head injuries are an uncommon form of traumatic head injury. Some important tools that helped prevent our patient from developing major complications included stereotactic navigation, antibiotic prophylaxis, and angiography to carefully monitor for vascular injuries.
SENSORY EVALUATION OF NOODLES MADE FROM WALUH (Cucurbita Moschata) FLOUR AND SNAKEHEAD FISH (Channa striata) AS ALTERNATIF FOOD OF HIGH FIBER, VITAMIN A AND PROTEIN
Authors: Adhyanti Adhyanti , Aslinda Wery , Apandano Marlinda Kartika
Published: August 2022

Food diversification efforts to reduce dependence on wheat flour by exploring other food potentials such as pumpkin pumpkin (Curcurbita Moschata) and snakehead fish (Channa Striata) which have long been known to the Indonesian public need to be done. The aim of this study was to determine the acceptability of noodles made frompumpkin flour and snakehead fish. Type of research is an organoleptic test (hedonic quality) on noodle products with 4 parameters, namely color, aroma, texture and taste. 1: 1: 1), product 2 (0: 1: 1), and product 3 (0.66: 1: 1). The panelists in this study were 25 somewhat trained researchers. The results show that the level of liking (acceptance) for product 1, product 2 and product 3 for color parameters respectively were 68%, 60%, 52%; aroma 40%, 52%, 44%; texture 36%, 48%, 48%; and taste 36%, 52%, 40%. The Kruskal wallis test showed no difference in color, aroma, texture, and taste for the all products. The conclusion is that the color parameters of product 1, product 2, and product 3 are accepted, while the aroma parameter received is product 2, and no texture parameter is accepted, and the taste parameter received is only product 2. It is recommended that further modification of the composition of the ingredients be made so that the texture of the noodles can be more acceptable.