bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Training Load Monitoring in Amateur Rugby Union: A Survey of Current Practices
Authors: Griffin Alan , Kenny Ian C. , Comyns Thomas M. , Lyons Mark
Published: May 2020

Griffin, A, Kenny, IC, Comyns, TM, and Lyons, M. Training load monitoring in amateur Rugby Union: A survey of current practices. J Strength Cond Res 35(6): 1568–1575, 2021—Amateur Rugby Union has an inherent risk of injury that is associated with detrimental effects on player welfare and team performance. Training load (TL) is a modifiable risk factor that, when monitored, may provide strength and conditioning (S&C) coaches with opportunities to reduce the risk of injury. The purpose of this study was to explore TL monitoring practices used by S&C coaches working with male and female amateur adult Rugby Union teams and their rationale for using such. Thirty-three (n = 31 male and n = 2 female) S&C coaches representing 62% of the total number of male clubs and 71% of female clubs, playing at the highest national amateur level, participated in the study by completing an online survey. Seventy-three percent of respondents stated that they monitor TL. The most common method of recording TL was the session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE), used in 83% of monitoring systems. Thirty-three percent of the S&C coaches surveyed use the sRPE data to calculate the acute:chronic workload ratio (ACWR) for highlighting when players are at risk of injury. This study is the first of its kind to exclusively examine the TL monitoring practices of S&C coaches working with amateur adult Rugby Union teams. Thirteen S&C coaches responded to the open-ended question and 3 higher order themes were highlighted: (a) communication with players (b) support from other staff and (c) limiting factors.
Paste Borided Layers Produced on XC38 Steel Using a New Activator
Authors: Daas Amed , Allaoui Laid Abdelkrim , Zidelmel Sami , Allaoui Omar
Published: May 2020

The objective of this work is to study the possibility of producing boride layers on XC38 steel by the slurry coatings technique in a muffle furnace under an ambient atmosphere. The principle of this technique consists in the application of a slurry of about 1–2 mm thickness containing boron carbide as a boron source and sodium fluoroborate (NaBF4) as a new activator on the surface of the sample to be treated and placed in a muffle furnace at 800°C for 4 hours. The obtained results show that it is possible to produce boride layers on XC38 steel by the slurry coatings technique with NaBF4 as an activator. The characterization of the obtained layers by Optical Microscopy, Scaning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and microhardness indicates that depending on the proportion of the boron source and the activator, these layers can be single phase (only di-iron boride [Fe2B]) at 10 % of NaBF4 or two phases iron monoboride (FeB) and Fe2B when the proportion of NaBF4 exceeds 10 %. The total thickness of the obtained boride layers is approximately 60 μm for all the slurries’ composition. But it should be pointed out that for the two-phase borided layers, the proportion of FeB boride increases with the increase of the percentage of NaBF4. The microhardness of borided layers is relatively similar for all samples and about 2,100 HV for FeB boride and 1,900 HV for Fe2B.
Real-Time Selective Markerless Tracking of Forepaws of Head Fixed Mice Using Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Forys Brandon J. , Xiao Dongsheng , Gupta Pankaj , Murphy Timothy H.
Published: May 2020

Here, we describe a system capable of tracking specific mouse paw movements at high frame rates (70.17 Hz) with a high level of accuracy (mean = 0.95, SD < 0.01). Short-latency markerless tracking of specific body parts opens up the possibility of manipulating motor feedback. We present a software and hardware scheme built on DeepLabCut—a robust movement-tracking deep neural network framework—which enables real-time estimation of paw and digit movements of mice. Using this approach, we demonstrate movement-generated feedback by triggering a USB-GPIO (general-purpose input/output)-controlled LED when the movement of one paw, but not the other, selectively exceeds a preset threshold. The mean time delay between paw movement initiation and LED flash was 44.41 ms (SD = 36.39 ms), a latency sufficient for applying behaviorally triggered feedback. We adapt DeepLabCut for real-time tracking as an open-source package we term DeepCut2RealTime. The ability of the package to rapidly assess animal behavior was demonstrated by reinforcing specific movements within water-restricted, head-fixed mice. This system could inform future work on a behaviorally triggered “closed loop” brain–machine interface that could reinforce behaviors or deliver feedback to brain regions based on prespecified body movements.
Artificial intelligence for ocean science data integration: current state, gaps, and way forward
Authors: Sagi Tomer , Lehahn Yoav , Bar Koby
Published: May 2020

Oceanographic research is a multidisciplinary endeavor that involves the acquisition of an increasing amount of in-situ and remotely sensed data. A large and growing number of studies and data repositories are now available on-line. However, manually integrating different datasets is a tedious and grueling process leading to a rising need for automated integration tools. A key challenge in oceanographic data integration is to map between data sources that have no common schema and that were collected, processed, and analyzed using different methodologies. Concurrently, artificial agents are becoming increasingly adept at extracting knowledge from text and using domain ontologies to integrate and align data. Here, we deconstruct the process of ocean science data integration, providing a detailed description of its three phases: discover, merge, and evaluate/correct. In addition, we identify the key missing tools and underutilized information sources currently limiting the automation of the integration process. The efforts to address these limitations should focus on (i) development of artificial intelligence-based tools for assisting ocean scientists in aligning their schema with existing ontologies when organizing their measurements in datasets; (ii) extension and refinement of conceptual coverage of – and conceptual alignment between – existing ontologies, to better fit the diverse and multidisciplinary nature of ocean science; (iii) creation of ocean-science-specific entity resolution benchmarks to accelerate the development of tools utilizing ocean science terminology and nomenclature; (iv) creation of ocean-science-specific schema matching and mapping benchmarks to accelerate the development of matching and mapping tools utilizing semantics encoded in existing vocabularies and ontologies; (v) annotation of datasets, and development of tools and benchmarks for the extraction and categorization of data quality and preprocessing descriptions from scientific text; and (vi) creation of large-scale word embeddings trained upon ocean science literature to accelerate the development of information extraction and matching tools based on artificial intelligence.
Hyponatremia presenting with hourly fluctuating urine osmolality
Authors: Son Raku , Nagahama Masahiko , Tanemoto Fumiaki , Ito Yugo , Taki Fumika , Tsugitomi Ryosuke , Nakayama Masaaki
Published: May 2020

The etiology of hyponatremia is assessed based on urine osmolality and sodium. We herein describe a 35-year-old Asian man with pulmonary tuberculosis and perforated duodenal ulcer who presented with hyponatremia with hourly fluctuating urine osmolality ranging from 100 to 600 mosmol/kg, which resembled urine osmolality observed in typical polydipsia and SIADH simultaneously. Further review revealed correlation of body temperature and urine osmolality. Since fever is a known non-osmotic stimulus of ADH secretion, we theorized that hyponatremia in this patient was due to transient ADH secretion due to fever. In our case, empiric exogenous glucocorticoid suppressed transient non-osmotic ADH secretion and urine osmolality showed highly variable concentrations. Transient ADH secretion-related hyponatremia may be underrecognized due to occasional empiric glucocorticoid administration in patients with critical illnesses. Repeatedly monitoring of urine chemistries and interpretation of urine chemistries with careful review of non-osmotic stimuli of ADH including fever is crucial in recognition of this etiology.

Learning points:

Hourly fluctuations in urine osmolality can be observed in patients with fever, which is a non-osmotic stimulant of ADH secretion.

Repeated monitoring of urine chemistries aids in the diagnosis of the etiology underlying hyponatremia, including fever, in patients with transient ADH secretion.

Glucocorticoid administration suppresses ADH secretion and improves hyponatremia even in the absence of adrenal insufficiency; the etiology of hyponatremia should be determined carefully in these patients.
Involvement of Nlrp9a/b/c in mouse preimplantation development
Authors: Kanzaki Satoko , Tamura Shiori , Ito Toshiaki , Wakabayashi Mizuki , Saito Koji , Kato Shigeki , Ohta Yasutaka , Sekita Yoichi , Kimura Tohru
Published: May 2020

Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing proteins (NRLPs) are central components of the inflammasome. Accumulating evidence has shown that a reproductive clade of NRLPs is predominantly expressed in oocyte to cleavage stage embryos and participates in mammalian preimplantation development as a component of a multiprotein complex known as the subcortical maternal complex (SCMC). Nlrp9s belong to the reproductive class of NLRPs; Nlrp9b is unique in acting as an inflammasome against rotavirus in intestines. Here we generated mice carrying mutations in all three members of the Nlrp9a/b/c gene (Nlrp9 triple mutant (TMut) mice). When crossed with WT males, the Nlrp9 TMut females were fertile, but deliveries with fewer pups were increased in the mutants. Consistent with this, blastocyst development was retarded and lethality to the preimplantation embryos increased in the Nlrp9 TMut females in vivo. Under in vitro culture conditions, the fertilized eggs from the Nlrp9 TMut females exhibited developmental arrest at the two-cell stage, accompanied by asymmetric cell division. By contrast, double-mutant (DMut) oocytes (any genetic combination) did not exhibit the two-cell block in vitro, showing the functional redundancy of Nlrp9a/b/c. Finally, Nlrp9 could bind to components of the SCMC. These results show that Nlrp9 functions as an immune or reproductive NLRP in a cell-type-dependent manner.
Library work of Katerinoslav in 1917–1920: status and problems
Authors: Luchka Lyudmila
Published: May 2020

The article deals with library space of Katerinoslav during the Ukrainian Revolution of 1917–1921. The role of educational societies in the process of Ukrainization is highlighted, the influence of political events on the state of librarianship is determined. The state and activity of libraries of various departmental subordination, namely public libraries, libraries of educational institutions, societies and religious institutions are analyzed. Special attention is given to events that spread the Ukrainian idea, supported Ukrainian traditions and helped to spread the Ukrainian book. During this time, the contribution of Prosvita society was significant. The activity of this society was short, but deeply meaningful. The issues of printed Bulletin of Prosvita are a bibliographic rarity. The sources significantly help to present a complete picture of cultural and educational life of people’s libraries operating in the province and contributed to the reading of Ukrainian literature. The contribution of educational libraries of the province to the development of Ukrainian literary heritage and formation of Ukrainian-language book collections are revealed. The historical milestones in the development of book collections of Oles Honchar Dnipro National University scientific library (1918) are shown. The article provides information on the activities of Katerinoslav Theological Seminary and significant contribution of its leaders to the development of book industry of the region based on archival materials. Unresearched library reports allow to find out the reasons that impeded the process and reveal facts about support of library work in Katerinoslav. Considerable attention is paid to determining the place and role of Ukrainian publishing houses and bookstores (Slovo, Ukrainian Publishing House, Consumer, Ukraine, Kamenyar, O. Kashchenko, etc.). The newly created societies became a reliable link between the library and Katerinoslav readers. Replenishment of library collections with new prepared Ukrainian publications on history, literature studies and fiction was an urgent task in the process of gradual development of Ukrainian publishing in 1917–1920 years.
“Não tem nada para fazer lá”: trabalho e pessoas com deficiência visual
Authors: Barros Leonardo de Oliveira , Ambiel Rodolfo Augusto Matteo
Published: May 2020

O objetivo foi verificar a percepção de satisfação no trabalho, motivos de insatisfação e barreiras para inserção laboral de pessoas com deficiência visual. Participaram 136 pessoas com deficiência visual, com baixa visão e cegueira congênita ou adquirida, com idade média de 37,86 (DP = 14,39), sendo 52,2% do sexo feminino. Os participantes responderam ao questionário de identificação e três perguntas sobre satisfação, insatisfação e dificuldades percebidas para inserção laboral. Os dados foram analisados qualitativamente por meio de análise de conteúdo e quantitativamente com estatísticas inferenciais. Os resultados indicaram que os motivos de maiores insatisfações foram relativos á conflitos organizacionais e falta de acessibilidade. Em relação às barreiras para inclusão, identificou-se o preconceito e o desconhecimento social sobre a deficiência como aspectos de maior limitação. Além disso, na comparação por tipo de deficiência, as maiores insatisfações e dificuldades foram para pessoas com cegueira congênita.
Escala de Gerenciamento da Impressão e Autoengano - IPIP: um teste de diferentes modelos teóricos
Authors: Costa Ariela Raissa Lima , Filho Nelson Hauck
Published: May 2020

Um desafio da avaliação psicológica via autorrelato são vieses de resposta, isto é, formas de responder que mascaram a verdadeira medida do traço latente do indivíduo. A desejabilidade social ocorre quando a pessoa fornece uma avaliação excessivamente positiva de si, baseado em valores sociais. Na literatura, destacam-se três modelos teóricos da desejabilidade social, em que são sugeridas estruturas de dois e três fatores, além de uma estrutura com dois fatores e quatro facetas. Este trabalho se propõe a explorar diferentes modelos fatoriais para a Escala de Gerenciamento da Impressão e de Autoengano-IPIP. A amostra foi de 466 adultos (M = 25,22 anos, DP = 7,05, 60,27% mulheres). O modelo de quatro fatores apresentou o melhor ajuste aos dados, mas o modelo original de dois fatores produziu a solução fatorial mais simples e clara. Implicações dos achados do presente estudo quanto ao cômputo de escores e interpretação do instrumento são discutidas.
Controle percebido em cuidadores de idosos no contexto familiar: variáveis associadas
Authors: Lemos Larissa Centofanti , Batistoni Samila Sathler Tavares , Cachioni Meire , Liberalesso Neri Anita
Published: May 2020

O presente estudo teve como objetivos testar um modelo explicativo do senso de controle de idosos cuidadores de idosos e comparar a frequência de respostas em senso de controle considerando respostas da amostra em fragilidade, sobrecarga, religiosidade, gênero e idade. Participaram 148 idosos cuidadores, sendo 77% mulheres e idade média de 70 anos. Senso de controle (Escala CASP-19), fragilidade autorreferida, sobrecarga (Escala de Sobrecarga de Zarit) e religiosidade (Índice de Religiosidade de DUKE) foram avaliados. Os resultados mostraram que o aumento do senso de controle associou-se ao aumento da religiosidade organizacional (t=0.206) através do aumento da idade (t=0.209) e à diminuição da sobrecarga (t=-0.375) e que idosos que reportaram baixa sobrecarga (p<0.001) e alta religiosidade organizacional (p=0.002) apresentaram alto senso de controle. Os dados evidenciaram que idosos cuidadores mais velhos que frequentavam encontros religiosos e que se percebiam menos sobrecarregados pela situação do cuidado tiveram maior senso de controle.
Entre dois paraísos: a nova arqueologia filosófica de Giorgio Agamben
Authors: Gomes Ana Suelen Tossige , Matos Andityas Soares de Moura Costa
Published: May 2020

Resenha de: AGAMBEN, Giorgio. Il regno e il giardino. Vicenza: Neri Pozza, 2019, 123 pp.
Canguilhem: saúde, doença e norma
Authors: Mascaro Alysson Leandro
Published: May 2020

A relação entre o vital e o social no pensamento de Georges Canguilhem envolve uma específica reestruturação filosófica, por ele empreendida em O normal e patológico, realizando um deslocamento teórico em face das análises quantitativas da saúde quanto, ao mesmo tempo, construindo uma problemática própria a respeito da normação, fazendo com que o vital seja pensado, inexoravelmente, como a imbricação do biológico com o social, acarretando, ainda, um reposicionamento político, crítico, no que tange à consideração sobre saúde e doença.
Instante ou duração? Problematizando e dissolvendo o paradoxo do tempo a partir da querela entre Bachelard e Bergson
Authors: Schöpke Regina
Published: May 2020

Se, para Gaston Bachelard, a realidade do tempo se reduz ao instante presente, circundado por dois nadas (o passado e o futuro), para Henri Bergson, que se encontra em uma posição diametralmente oposta à de Bachelard, o tempo é um contínuo, uma duração ininterrupta. Mais do que isso, para Bergson, a única dimensão real do tempo é o passado, que se prolonga no presente e abre as portas para o futuro, ou seja, para o novo, para a novidade. Pois bem, tomando por base a querela que se estabeleceu entre esses dois pensadores acerca do tempo (somado a algumas outras contribuições), o presente artigo pretende mostrar como é possível dissolver o paradoxo do tempo a partir do aprofundamento de sua relação com a matéria. Relação essa que sempre foi feita na história da filosofia, e mesmo na ciência (em função de se associar o tempo ao movimento das coisas), mas nunca por se levar em conta que o enigma do tempo (afinal, tal como Agostinho, sabemos e não sabemos o que é o tempo) depende também da decifração do que é a própria matéria, sempre considerada algo de menor valor por uma metafísica dualista que ainda domina subterraneamente o pensamento.
Second Scholasticism and Black Slavery1 (Continuation and End)
Authors: Pich Roberto Hofmeister
Published: May 2020

In order to systematically explore the normative treatment of black slavery by Second Scholastic thinkers, who usually place the problem within the broad discussion of moral conscience and, more narrowly, the nature and justice of trade and contracts, I propose two stations of research that may be helpful for future studies, especially concerning the study of Scholastic ideas in colonial Latin America. Beginning with the analysis of just titles for slavery and slavery trade proposed by Luis de Molina S.J. (1535–1600), I show how his accounts were critically reviewed by Diego de Avendaño S.J. (1594–1688), revealing basic features of Second Scholasticism’s normative thinking in Europe and the Americas. The normative knowledge provided by these two Scholastic intellectuals would be profoundly tested during the last decades of the 17th century, especially by authors who sharpened the systemic analysis and a rigorist moral assessment of every title of slavery and slaveholding, as well as the requirements of an ethics of restitution.
Formation of Russian identity in the context of socio-economic policy
Authors: Izergina Nina I.
Published: May 2020

Introduction. The study of the conditions and factors of the modern process of formation and strengthening of Russian identity is actualized by the interrelated causes of the conceptual and practical-political plan. The purpose of the article is to draw the attention of researchers to the socio-economic issues of Russian identity formation at the present stage. Materials and Methods. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is an organic approach to achieving the strategic goals of the state national policy, which makes it possible to exclude the opposition of civil and ethno-cultural components in the Russian identity and to ensure the formation of civil unity on the basis of preserving the country’s ethno-cultural diversity. The author analyzes the legal documents in the sphere of state national policy of the Russian Federation, scientific works of Russian scientists containing data from numerous sociological studies on ethnonational and socio-economic problems, including comparative studies of identity policy and social policy of European countries and Russia. Results. It is proved that the heuristic potential of the organic approach makes it possible to recognize a possible imbalance in the structure of Russian identity due to an underestimation of priority factors that affect the process of its formation in a specific historical period of the country’s development. On the basis of organic methodology and analysis of secondary data, the priority role of the socio-economic factor in the modern process of forming Russian identity is revealed, which is due to the higher social demands of Russians to the state in comparison with European countries. The article shows the negative impact of deep socio-economic and socio-professional differentiation that has developed in modern Russia on the formation of Russian identity, which exacerbates social and psychological tension and reduces the assessment of most parameters of the quality of life by Russians. Discussion and Conclusion. The analysis allows us to conclude that the role of the socio-economic factor in the formation of the all-Russian civil self-consciousness and spiritual community of the Russian nation in modern Russia is ambiguous. On the one hand, Russians put social indicators first, determining their well-being and the desired future of the country. On the other hand, unresolved social problems, such as low wages, lead to the formation of civil unity in a negative way, in the understanding of the disrespect of the state power to its own people and to the future of Russia. The expected effect of implementing an organic approach to the process of forming the Russian identity as a complex, historically developing phenomenon under the influence of various factors is the ability to adjust the modern state development strategy in the direction of creating a strong social state with a high level and quality of life of citizens, to promote their positive identification.
Soybean protease inhibitors increase Bacillus thuringiensis subs. israelensis toxicity against Hypothenemus hampei
Authors: Mesén-Porras Esteve A. , Dahdouh-Cabia Sergio , Jim´énez-Quirós Catherine , Mora Castro Rebeca , Rodríguez César , Pinto-Tomás Adrián A.
Published: May 2020

Introduction. The coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari, CBB) is one of the most devastating pests on coffee plantations around the world. Although CBB is susceptible to the effect of δ–endotoxins of Bacillus thuringiensis subs. israelensis (Bti) at laboratory level, the efficacy of this control method is poor in the field, presumably due to the inactivation by digestive proteases different to those required for protoxin activation. Objective. To study whether the addition of a soybean flour extract enriched with protease inhibitors (PI), mixed with Bti crystals and spores (Bti-sc) in an artificial diet, could improve the toxicity of Bti against CBB. Materials and methods. This study was performed in San José, Costa Rica, between 2012 and 2013. A set of adult female CBB insects was exposed to a mixture containing different concentrations of a partially purified soybean meal extract with active PI and lyophilized Bti-sc, and were tested through a bioassay in artificial diet to estimate the sub-lethal concentration (LC50). The mortality results were validated by observing the dissected midgut, whose ultrastructure was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. Results. The soybean extracts partially degraded the Bti-sc complex, it reduced its LC50 by almost four times (from 1.135 to 0.315 µg µl-1) and enhanced CBB mortality in a concentration-dependent manner. Histological analyses of the midgut confirmed this synergistic effect, since severe epithelial damage to the intestinal epithelium of CBB exposed to Bti-sc + PI was visualized compared to Bti-sc alone. Conclusions. The combination of a soybean extract enriched in PI and Bti-sc enhanced the mortality effect over CBB, which was confirmed by the midgut collapse. Soybean flour is a cost-effective supplement that could increase Bti effectiveness against CBB and delay the appearance of biological resistance.
Efecto de la temperatura y la escarificación sobre la germinación de Ischaemum rugosum Salisb.
Authors: Portuguez Mary Pamela , Rodríguez Ruiz Ana María , Porras Martínez Carolina , González Lutz María Isabel
Published: May 2020

Introducción. La ruptura de latencia de Ischaemum rugosum Salisb. es un aspecto crítico de su fisiología, por lo que su conocimiento resulta indispensable para establecer medidas acertadas acerca de su manejo. Objetivo. Determinar si la temperatura de almacenamiento y la escarificación influyen en la germinación de I. rugosum Salisb bajo condiciones controladas. Materiales y métodos. El trabajo se realizó en octubre del 2015, en la Estación Experimental Fabio Baudrit Moreno y en el Laboratorio Oficial de Análisis de Calidad de Semillas, ambos de la Universidad de Costa Rica. Se evaluó el efecto de la escarificación (semillas con glumas y semillas sin glumas), la temperatura de almacenamiento de la semilla (refrigerada a 5 °C y temperatura ambiente 23,9 °C) y la temperatura en la cámara de germinación (27 °C y 30 °C). Se contabilizaron las semillas germinadas para cada tratamiento. Resultados. Las interacciones dobles fueron significativas. La semilla almacenada a temperatura ambiente tuvo la ventaja de mayor germinación sobre la semilla no escarificada (2,35 a 1), y en este tipo de semilla la germinación se dio por igual en las dos temperaturas de la cámara de germinación. Con respecto a la semilla almacenada en refrigeración, la semilla escarificada tuvo una ventaja de germinar de 11,9 a 1 sobre la no escarificada. En el caso de la temperatura de germinación, 27 °C tuvo una ventaja de 11,3 a 1 sobre 30 °C. Conclusión. La temperatura de almacenamiento y la de la cámara de germinación tuvieron influencia sobre la germinación de semillas escarificadas y no escarificadas.
Comparación de la productividad agrícola-económica sustentable y convencional de papaya, en Michoacán, México
Authors: Miranda Ramírez José Mario , Aguilar García Omar , Miranda Medina Diana
Published: May 2020

Introducción. En Buenavista, Michoacán, México, la superficie sembrada de papaya (Carica papaya L.) es de la variedad Maradol Roja y la mayoría de los agricultores utilizan un modelo de producción agrícola convencional, donde no se conoce con certeza la productividad ni la rentabilidad del cultivo; conocer estas dos variables permitiría obtener una producción eficiente que a mediano plazo mejoraría el entorno socioeconómico de los agricultores. Objetivo. Comparar un modelo de producción agrícola sustentable contra el modelo de producción convencional de papaya, para identificar la producción agrícola y la relación beneficio-costo. Materiales y métodos. El experimento se llevó a cabo en el municipio de Buenavista, Michoacán, México, durante 2015. Se caracterizó por tener dos unidades experimentales, un tratamiento por unidad (sustentable y convencional) con un muestreo aleatorizado simple. Se evaluaron el peso de fruto, los sólidos solubles totales y los frutos por planta. El análisis estadístico incluyó prueba de Levene, prueba de Kolmogorov-Smirnov y Lilliefors, ANOVA y prueba no paramétrica U de Mann-Whitney. Se realizó análisis económico con los indicadores: costo total de la inversión, ingreso total, relación beneficio costo, rentabilidad y punto de equilibrio. Resultados. El modelo sustentable mostró para peso de fruto 1,71 kg, 38,0 frutos por planta, costo total de inversión de USD $ 8736,83 ha-1, relación beneficio costo de 2,24, y un punto de equilibrio de 38,47 %. El modelo convencional mostró 2,20 kg en peso de fruto, 53,72 frutos por planta, un costo total de inversión de USD $ 9262,03 ha-1, relación beneficio costo de 1,08, y un punto de equilibrio de 90,11 %. Conclusión. El modelo convencional resultó desfavorable económicamente, por lo que se sugiere mejorarlo gradualmente hasta llegar a ser rentable. El modelo sustentable mostró ser muy atractivo económicamente y tener aprovechamiento eficiente de los recursos naturales locales.
Darkside Of The White Flour – Maida
Authors: Ganga S. , Mathiyoli P. M. , Naachimuthu K. P.
Published: May 2020

Food, which was once a survival need, now transformed into a material of lavishness and comfort. Both the food and food industry underwent drastic changes in the past few decades and the ecological, social, psychological, economical and biological impact it brought about is devastating.All this started when humans got struck in a luxury trap; a trap which is called Wheat in its changed appearance which is widely consumed in the form of refined flour (otherwise called Maida). Maida a waste introduced in the diet of human beings only a few centuries ago managed to evolve into a billion dollar industry and made a permanent mark in the lifestyle of human beings. But the physiological, psychological and ecological impacts caused by this waste already have an adverse effect on the current generations and will definitely take a toll on the generations to come. Despite knowing the damage caused by this waste, no strong action was taken for it, till date.Maida has become a perfect example of self destructing and invasive product to human beings. Still the Homo sapiens have a chance to save themselves from this disaster by changing their existing pattern of life / food habits. The present paper thus discusses the physiological, psychological and ecological impacts of this anthropogenic unhealthy food habits.
Metacognition Of Adolescents In Relation To Their Gender And Residential Area
Authors: Rani Meera , Dhuhan Krishna
Published: May 2020

Adolescence is the most vulnerable stage to the physical, emotional, social and cognitive problems. Cognitive changes that occur during adolescence are increased in abstract, idealistic and logical thinking. Metacognition is a subdivision of cognition, or a type of cognition. Metacognition is one’s ability to use prior knowledge to plan a strategy for approaching a learning task, take necessary steps to solving the problem, reflect on and evaluate results, and modify one’s approach as needed. Cognition helps to generate new knowledge through mental processes and also helps to use the knowledge that people have in daily life. This study examines the assessment of metacognition in relation to residential area and gender of adolescents. The study was conducted in Hisar district of Haryana state. Two areas were selected purposively i.e., rural and urban. From urban area Hisar city and from rural area three villages namely Kharia, Dhobi and Kirtan were selected for collection of data. From each schools 25 boys and 25 girls of 14-16 year were included in the study. The total sample comprised of 300 adolescents. Metacognition Awareness Inventory (MAI) by Schraw and Dennison (1994) was used for assessing metacognition. Results disclosed that status of male respondents on ‘knowledge about cognition’ confirmed moderate level of metacognition on procedural knowledge, conditional knowledge and total knowledge about cognition whereas, about declarative knowledge female respondents had moderate level of metacognition. The status of male respondents on other component of metacognition i.e. ‘regulation of cognition’ confirmed that majority of respondents had moderate level of metacognition viz: information management strategies, debugging strategies, evaluation, total regulation of cognition. The results further divulged that on total sample the status of respondents on metacognition confirmed that more percentage of the respondents had moderate level of metacognition depicting high percentage among males than females. The results divulged that on total sample the status of respondents on metacognition indicated that higher percentage of the respondents had moderate level of metacognition showing higher percentage of urban adolescents as compare to rural respondents.
Produção científica sobre a Covid-19 no Brasil: uma revisão de escopo
Authors: Mota Daniel Marques , Ferreira Paulo José Gonçalves , Leal Lisiane Freitas
Published: May 2020

Introdução: a produção científica nacional sobre a Covid-19 tem papel imediato na formulação de políticas de enfrentamento da doença e na orientação de decisões clínicas. Objetivo: identificar e caracterizar a produção científica sobre assuntos relacionados à Covid-19 em revistas nacionais a partir de artigos publicados entre 1º de dezembro de 2019 e 2 de maio de 2020. Método: revisão de escopo, cuja busca por artigos ocorreu na Coleção SciELO Brasil e nos sítios eletrônicos das revistas Visa em Debate e Ciência & Saúde Coletiva. O banco de dados validado foi submetido a uma análise quantitativa simples para fornecer resumos numéricos das características de interesse da literatura incluída na revisão. Resultados: foram incluídos 58 (20,8%) artigos provenientes de 22 revistas nacionais. O maior número de artigos proveio das revistas que desenvolveram opções rápidas de publicação ou vinham adotando um modelo de publicação de fluxo contínuo (n = 45; 77,6%). A distribuição dos artigos em sete categorias de pesquisa foi, nesta ordem: Comentário (n = 43; 74,1%), Estudo descritivo (n = 8; 13,8%), Revisão da literatura (n = 6; 10,4%) e Estudo analítico (n = 1; 1,7%). Constatou-se apenas uma revisão sistemática e o estudo analítico publicado foi do tipo ecológico. O mês de abril concentrou 86,2% dos artigos, cujo maior pico, compreendendo o período estudado, ocorreu em 9 de abril, com 8 publicações. Dos 58 artigos, o “Isolamento social, saúde mental e outros aspectos relacionados a comportamentos sociais” foi o tema mais prevalente (n = 14; 24,1%). Conclusões: Esta revisão de escopo produziu um mapa da produção científica no Brasil sobre a Covida-19. Nesta produção, há lacunas importantes, principalmente, no que tange aos ensaios clínicos randomizados e estudos de coorte, que precisam ser preenchidas com a realização de pesquisas.
Regorafenib and Nivolumab or Pembrolizumab Combination and Circulating Tumor DNA Response Assessment in Refractory Microsatellite Stable Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Wang Chongkai , Chevalier Dawnyel , Saluja Janelle , Sandhu Jaideep , Lau Cecilia , Fakih Marwan
Published: May 2020

Background

Metastatic colorectal cancers (MCRCs) with microsatellite stability (MSS) are resistant to immunotherapy with programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed death-ligand 1 inhibitors. However, the addition of regorafenib to nivolumab was recently associated with a high response rate and a protracted progression-free survival in a small cohort of MSS Japanese patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.

Materials and Methods

We evaluated the outcome of patients with MSS metastatic colorectal cancer who were treated on a compassionate basis with PD-1 inhibitors in combination with regorafenib in a single U.S. center.

Results

A total of 18 patients were treated with a combination of regorafenib and PD-1 inhibitors. No treatment-related grade 3 or above toxicities were noted. Thirteen patients (69%) had progressive disease, and five patients (31%) experienced stable disease as best response. Four out of five stable diseases occurred in patients without liver metastases, whereas only 1 of 14 patients with history of liver metastases had a short disease stabilization. A rise in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) at the 4-week time pointuniversally predicted tumor progression at 2 months, whereas a decline was associated with radiographic disease stabilization.

Conclusions

Regorafenib and nivolumab combination was associated with modest clinical activity in patients with MSS chemotherapy-resistant metastatic colorectal cancer. Selection for patients without history of liver metastases may identify a cohort of patients with MSS colorectal cancer with a higher likelihood of benefit from this combination. ctDNA may represent a powerful tool for predicting early therapeutic efficacy of immunotherapy in the MSS colorectal cancer population.

Implications for Practice

This study showed that the combination of regorafenib and nivolumab was associated with a modest clinical activity in patients with advanced microsatellite stability (MSS) metastatic colorectal cancer. This combination should be avoided in clinical practice, especially in patients with MSS colorectal cancer with liver metastases. Further investigation of regorafenib plus PD-1 inhibitors should be considered in MSS colorectal cancer without liver metastases.
O lúdico no desenvolvimento das potencialidades criativas musicais na primeira infância
Authors: de Souza Siufi Cláudia Jaqueline , Cabrera Berg Silvia María Pires
Published: May 2020

Este artigo apresenta uma visão do desenvolvimento criativo musical na primeira infância (de dois a cinco anos) que parte da exploração sonora para a construção de um fazer musical próprio das crianças, tendo o jogo e a atividade lúdica como base estrutural para o aprendizado. Compreendemos que o desenvolvimento das potencialidades criativas utilizando sons e ruídos como matéria de exploração permite a ampliação de ideias e conceitos musicais proporcionando a formação de sujeitos ativos, perceptivos, sensíveis e perspicazes para uma relação diferenciada e aberta com o mundo que lhes cerca. A partir das propostas de François Delalande e suas interfaces com teóricos como Gilles Deleuze e Johan Huizinga, propomos uma abordagem destinada a uma faixa etária que, embora prevista nas propostas teóricas de Delalande, não foi suficientemente abordada no ensino para essa determinada faixa etária. Ao final, apresentamos um relato de uma experiência realizada em escola regular com alunos de Educação Infantil.
Installation instructions for phylogenetic analysis using a conda environment v1
Authors: Moraes Laise
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this protocol is to define and provide instructions for creating a conda environment for phylogenetic analysis
Effects of singing bowl exposure on Karolinska sleepiness scale and pupillographic sleepiness test: A randomised crossover study. v1
Authors: Bergmann Melanie , Riedinger Stefan , Stefani Ambra , Mitterling Thomas , Holzknecht Evi , Grassmayr Peter , Högl Birgit
Published: May 2020

This study evaluated the influence of a struck singing bowl on subjective and objective sleepiness during daytime compared to a relaxation period in a silent singing bowl. Subjective sleepiness was significantly lower after relaxation above a struck singing bowl. After gender stratification, the difference was still significant in women. Objective sleepiness was not different in both groups. Finally we can only speculate if women may be more susceptible to subjective improvements in case of sleepiness and show another perception of relaxation in a struck singing bowl compared to men.
The decision-making process of synthetic pesticide use in agricultural communities in Colombia: a grounded theory approach
Authors: Polanco Lopez de Mesa Ysabel
Published: May 2020

Objective: to explore the decision-making process of agricultural workers associated with pesticide use and exposure; and to discover if these processes differ between pesticide users and non users. and the characteristics of these differences

Methods: his study used a grounded theory approach to understand the decision-making process for pesticide use/non-use among agricultural workers in San Cristobal, Colombia. This study involved participantobservation, individual interviews, and focus groups.

Results: the theory developed to explain the decision making process of pesticide use showed several categories including: the prospect of having a good harvest, efficient pest control, habituation to use pesticides, feeling obligated to do use them, poor knowledge about pesticides, believing that pesticide increased the quality of the products, positive attitudes towards pesticide use, family support towards pesticide use, community pressure and acceptance, economic fear, and market pressure. In the non pesticide users group categories included: having better health, pesticides considered harmful for human health, pesticides being deleterious for  the environment, being used to work without pesticides, family and economic support, and negative attitude towards pesticide use . The decision making process for personal protective equipment (PPE) use encompassed categories such as: powerless feelings, economic difficulties, and belief that equipment is not necessary.

Discussion: The decision-making process for pesticide use in agricultural communities is complex and varies between pesticide users and non-users.

Conclusions: It is important to consider the intricate process of pesticide use in order to orient interventions in the agricultural sector.
Epidemiología de la interrelación cáncer colorrectal y diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Revisión sistemática
Authors: Villanueva-Pájaro Deivis Javier , Vergara-Dagobeth Edgar Ernesto , Suárez-Causado Amileth , Gómez-Arias Ruben Darío
Published: May 2020

Objetivo: Describir el estado del arte sobre estudios epidemiológicos que evalúen asociaciones de riesgo entre el cáncer colorrectal y la diabetes tipo 2, y las políticas de salud pública internacionales y colombianas encaminadas a reducir tales patologías.
Metodología: Revisión sistemática cualitativa sobre estudios epidemiológicos que evalúen asociaciones de riesgo entre el cáncer colorrectal y la diabetes tipo 2, publicados en idioma español e inglés en PubMed ®, United States National Library of Medicine (u.s nlm ®), Embase ®, Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud (Lilacs ®) y Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO ®), antes del 30 de junio de 2019. Adicionalmente, se describen las políticas internacionales y nacionales para el control de la diabetes y el cáncer colorrectal.
Resultados: De 251 estudios evaluados para elegibilidad, se incluyeron 32 investigaciones originales tipo casos y controles, cohorte prospectivo y retrospectivo, retrospectivos con enfoque de casos y controles, retrospectivos con enfoque casos-cohorte, al mostrar asociaciones de riesgo de padecer cáncer de colon o recto en individuos diabéticos tipo 2. Existen cinco normatividades internacionales para el  control de diabetes y cáncer, y dos normatividades colombianas de control de ambas patologías.
Conclusiones: La evidencia epidemiológica a nivel mundial señala que individuos con diabetes tipo 2 poseen mayor riesgo de padecer cáncer de colón o recto, en comparación con los no diabéticos, en una forma dependiente de la etnicidad y el sexo. Las políticas de salud pública internacionales y colombianas no han logrado reducir significativamente la carga de ambas patologías, ni los factores de riesgo comunes entre ambas condiciones, y tampoco reconocen los nexos epidemiológicos y biológicos entre la diabetes tipo 2 y el cáncer colorrectal.
Implications of Digital Inclusion: Digitalization in Terms of Time Use from a Gender Perspective
Authors: Arroyo Lidia
Published: May 2020

The implications of digital technologies for the transformation of gender relations and identities have been discussed since the early days of the internet. Although gender studies have identified clear gender gaps in terms of digital inclusion as well as potentialities for the transformation of women’s subjectivity, there is a lack of empirical evidence of the impact of digitalization in terms of time use from a gender perspective. Public policies have begun to address the digital gender gap, but the incorporation of a gender perspective in digital inclusion programmes which promotes women’s emancipation by challenging the gender division of time through use of the internet has been not incorporated in the digital policies agenda. This article aims to provide empirical evidence of the mutual interrelation between the time allocation and digital inclusion from a gender perspective. It considers how gender inequalities in time use shape women’s experience of digital inclusion and, at the same time, how digital inclusion promotes the reconfiguration of time in women’s everyday lives. Qualitative analysis based on episodic interviews explored the representations and practices of internet use by women in their everyday lives. The sample was made up of 32 women who were digitally included through a lifelong learning programme in Spain and had experienced the effects of the Spanish economic crisis. The article argues that digital inclusion does not automatically lead to a more egalitarian allocation of time use for women, but rather places greater value on women’s free time.
Artificial Intelligence Based Game Levelling
Authors: CETİN Meric , SARICA Yunus
Published: May 2020

The game development process is becoming a
more detailed structure every day. The applications of artificial intelligence
(AI), which is a comprehensive information technology, have been closely
related to game technologies. In this study, the levelling process of a
2-dimensional (2D) platform game was investigated. The game developed and called
“Renga” has a basic gameplay. Game
data has been processed through an artificial neural network (ANN), k-nearest neighbour, decision and random
tree algorithms and deep learning model that is trained with gameplay and user
information. The classification process with the output data provides results
for the next game level. In this way, the most effective playability impression
that the developers offer to the game users has been created according to game.
Furthermore, the variety of difficulty calculated with dynamic data by the user
is provided by Renga, in which new
sections/levels are created with user-specific assets. Thus, the most efficient
gaming experience has been transferred to the users.
“Perimeter”: Measuring the Ability to Design Activity with a Group Assessment Tool
Authors: Akopova E.S. , Glazunova O.I. , Gromyko Y.V.
Published: May 2020

The article describes a tool for assessing the ability to design activity in the process of group work when group members must coordinate to produce a scheme for their joint work. This new game-based technique was developed on the basis of N.Ach’s and Vygotsky-Sacharov’s integrated methods as well as on V. Rubtsov’s and Y.Gromyko’s methodology. It follows the principles of activity approach. The feature of this technique is that it employs the criteria for assessing communication and coordination in group task solving that were specially developed by us for these purposes. The tool can be applied for assessing the outcomes of design activity and developmental levels of design competencies in adolescents and young people in the course of school and university education. Also, this technique can be used for assessing project teams both in education and in other professional areas. The technique is currently being tested.