bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial distribution of heavy metal assessment in beach sediment due to bauxite mining in Kuantan, Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Anees Mohd Talha , Bakar Ahmad Farid Bin Abu , Khan Mohammad Muqtada Ali , Akhtar Naseem , Khan Mohammad Rashid , Khan Mohd Shahnawaz
Published: December 2024

The effect of open-pit bauxite mining on beach sediment contamination in the urban coastal environment of Kuantan City, Malaysia, was investigated. The contents of 11 heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Al, Mn, Cu, Zn, Fe, As, Ni, Cr, and Ag) in 30 samples from Kuantan beach sediment zones (supratidal, intertidal, and subtidal) were determined using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) followed by contamination indexes, Pearson’s correlation analysis, and principal component analysis (PCA). The results indicated that Cd, As, Ni, and Ag values in beach sediment zones were significantly higher compared to background values. Contamination indexes suggest that Cd, As, Ni, and Ag were highly contaminated, and moderate to extremely enriched near the Kuantan Port. However, these heavy metal concentrations are lower compared to previous studies in the region. Sediment quality guidelines highlighted the occasional presence of Cd and Ag. Based on Pearson’s correlation analysis and PCA, sources of these heavy metals in beach sediments were likely from agricultural runoff, uncontrolled industrial and residential discharge, and unprotected mine waste near the Kuantan Port. Furthermore, effective management of mining practices and ongoing monitoring are essential to reduce contamination risks.
Energy Consumption Threshold in the Context of Structural Breaks: Evidence from Tunisia Industrial Production Using the Logistic Smooth Transition Regression Approach
Authors: HAJ Haifa Ouled El , KALAI Maha , ALOULOU Rima , HELALI Kamel
Published: December 2024

The objective of this paper is to empirically analyze the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth measured by the industrial production index in Tunisia from January 1986 to December 2021. Using the Non-linear Logistic Smooth Transition Model, the results show that there is a non-linear impact. In fact, in the first regime, where optimal energy consumption growth is lower than the threshold of 0.027, energy consumption has a significant and positive impact on economic growth evaluated at 0.715. However, in the second regime, we have found a significant and negative elasticity equal to -0.028, which shows an unfavorable effect on the growth of the industrial production index in Tunisia especially at the threshold level higher than 0.027. Consequently, the relationship between Tunisia's energy consumption and growth is not stable.
JEL Classification: C22; C32; E32; Q43
Epigenome-wide association study of Chinese monozygotic twins identifies DNA methylation loci associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate
Authors: Qi Xueting , Wang Jingjing , Wang Tong , Wang Weijing , zhang dongfeng
Published: December 2024

Background
DNA methylation (DNAm) has been shown in multiple studies to be associated with the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). However, studies focusing on Chinese populations are lacking. We conducted an epigenome-wide association study to investigate the association between DNAm and eGFR in Chinese monozygotic twins.
Methods
Genome-wide DNAm level was detected using Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing test. Generalized estimation equation (GEE) was used to examine the association between Cytosine-phosphate-Guanines (CpGs) DNAm and eGFR. Inference about Causation from Examination of FAmiliaL CONfounding was employed to infer the causal relationship. The comb-p was used to identify differentially methylated regions (DMRs). GeneMANIA was used to analyze the gene interaction network. The Genomic Regions Enrichment of Annotations Tool enriched biological functions and pathways. Gene expression profiling sequencing was employed to measure mRNA expression levels, and the GEE model was used to investigate the association between gene expression and eGFR. The candidate gene was validated in a community population by calculating the methylation risk score (MRS).
Results
A total of 80 CpGs and 28 DMRs, located at genes such as OLIG2, SYNGR3, LONP1, CDCP1, and SHANK1, achieved genome-wide significance level (FDR < 0.05). The causal effect of DNAm on eGFR was supported by 12 CpGs located at genes such as SYNGR3 and C9orf3. In contrast, the causal effect of eGFR on DNAm is proved by 13 CpGs located at genes such as EPHB3 and MLLT1. Enrichment analysis revealed several important biological functions and pathways related to eGFR, including alpha-2A adrenergic receptor binding pathway and corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity pathway. GeneMANIA results showed that SYNGR3 was co-expressed with MLLT1 and had genetic interactions with AFF4 and EDIL3. Gene expression analysis found that SYNGR3 expression was negatively associated with eGFR. Validation analysis showed that the MRS of SYNGR3 was positively associated with low eGFR levels.
Conclusions
We identified a set of CpGs, DMRs, and pathways potentially associated with eGFR, particularly in the SYNGR3 gene. These findings provided new insights into the epigenetic modifications related to the decline in eGFR and chronic kidney disease.
Epigenome-wide association study for dilated cardiomyopathy in left ventricular heart tissue identifies putative gene sets associated with cardiac development and early indicators of cardiac risk
Authors: Tan Konstanze , Tay Darwin , Tan Wilson , Ng Hong Kiat , Wong Eleanor , Morley Michael P , Singhera Gurpreet K , Lee Chang Jie Mick , Jain Pritesh R , Tai Fei Li , Hanson Paul J , Cappola Thomas P , Margulies Kenneth B , Foo Roger , Loh Marie
Published: December 2024

Background: Methylation changes linked to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) affect cardiac gene expression. We investigate DCM mechanisms regulated by CpG methylation using multi-omics and causal analyses in the largest cohort of left ventricular tissues available.
Methods: We mapped DNA methylation at ~850,000 CpG sites, performed array-based genotyping and RNA sequencing in left-ventricular tissue samples from failing and non-failing hearts across two independent DCM cohorts (discovery n=329, replication n=85). Summary data-based Mendelian Randomization (SMR) was applied to explore the causal contribution of sentinel CpGs to DCM. Fine-mapping of regions surrounding sentinel CpGs revealed additional signals for cardiovascular disease risk factors. Coordinated changes across multiple CpG sites were examined using weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA).
Results: We identified 194 epigenome-wide significant CpGs associated with DCM (discovery P<5.96E-08), enriched in active chromatin states in heart tissue. Amongst these, 183 sentinel CpGs significantly influenced the expression of 849 proximal genes (±1Mb). SMR suggested the causal contribution of two sentinel CpGs to DCM and 36 sentinel CpGs to the expression of 43 unique proximal genes (P<0.05). Colocalization analyses indicated that a single causal variant may underlie the methylation-gene expression relationship for three sentinel CpGs. Fine-mapping revealed additional signals linked to cardiovascular traits including hsCRP and blood pressure. Co-methylation modules were enriched in gene sets related to cardiac physiological and pathological processes and their corresponding transcriptional regulators, as well as in novel transcriptional regulators whose cardiac relevance is yet to be determined.
Conclusions: Using the largest series of left ventricular tissue to date, this study investigates the causal role of cardiac methylation changes in DCM and suggests targets for experimental studies to probe DCM pathogenesis.
Assessment of the agronomic value of digestate from cashew nut shell and cow dung anaerobic digestion
Authors: Nikiema Mahamadi , Somda Marius K. , Ouili Amidou S. , Ouattara Assièta , Compaoré Cheik Omar Tidiane , Barsan Narcis , Sawadogo Joseph B. , Maiga Ynoussa , Mogmenga Iliassou , Ouattara Cheik A. T. , Ouattara Aboubakar S.
Published: December 2024

This study investigated agronomic characteristics of digestates from cashew nut shell and cow dung anaerobic digestion. General characteristics and agronomic value of digestates were determined using standard methods. Gaseous emissions (biogas, CH4, CO2) were evaluated. Microbiological quality of digestates was evaluated, as well as phytotoxicity on maize, okra, tomato and lettuce seeds. Higher conductivity indicated a greater potential for salinity to affect germination and plant growth. High C/N ratio and degree of humification greater than 0.7 are indicative of immature digestate. Total nitrogen, organic nitrogen and phosphorus contents in g/Kg were 11.26, 0.49 and 5.35 for cashew shell digestate and 18.15, 17.12 and 0.16 for cow dung digestate, respectively. Potassium content was 0.32 and 0.98 g K/Kg in cashew shell and cow dung digestate, respectively. Mineral nitrogen content of cashew nut shell digestate was 0.19 g NH4+/kg, 1.28 g NO2−/kg, and 0.0016 g NO3−/kg. These characteristics showed amending and fertilizing effect of digestates. Physical parameters indicate digestate can improve soil structure. Both digestates are significant source of greenhouse gas. Microbiological analysis revealed spore-forming bacteria and coliforms, with proportions that are acceptable for spreading. Germination test on okra, tomato and lettuce seeds indicated high phytotoxicity. Maize showed significant results for seed germination, root elongation, germination index and germination speed with values of 100%, 100%, 118.63% and 67.21% respectively. The study indicates that digestates present root growth-promoting properties that can be advantageous for plant development. Digestates could be improved by an integrated system in which digestates are composted downstream of anaerobic digestion.
Decreases in the robustness of regional food webs to sequential species extinctions following habitat loss
Authors: Chacko Merin Reji , Albouy Camille , Altermatt Florian , Boussange Victor , Brändle Martin , Farwig Nina , Gossner Martin , Ho Hsi-Cheng , Joss Alain , Neff Felix , Pellissier Loïc
Published: December 2024

In the face of escalating global environmental changes, understanding the robustness of ecological networks against sustained species losses is paramount to devising effective biodiversity conservation strategies. To explore the impacts of habitat-specific species losses on large-scale food web robustness, we used a trophic metaweb of 8,846 vertebrate, invertebrate and plant species and 466,255 interactions across Switzerland. We inferred twelve regional multi-habitat food webs, two for each of the six biogeographic regions, further divided into two elevation groupings. We simulated non-random species extinction scenarios on these regional food webs, focusing on broad habitat types and regional species abundances, and computed measures of network robustness. Targeted removal of species associated with specific habitat types, particularly wetlands, resulted in a higher network fragmentation and accelerated network collapse compared to random species removals. The simulations also reveal that the initial loss of common species significantly destabilised the network more than the loss of rare species across all biogeographic regions and elevation groupings. These findings underscore the critical need for integrated conservation strategies that maintain a diverse mosaic of habitat in a landscape, given the complex interdependencies within and across habitat types, to mitigate the cascading effects of species loss.
Endoscopic Microvascular Decompression for Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia: Surgical Experience and Early Outcomes
Authors: Bao Feng , Xin Chai , Yi Yu , Hao Xia , Wu Junyi , Yin Ren , Yu PeiMin , Zhu Yufu
Published: December 2024

Objective
This study aimed to investigate the clinical efficacy and early outcomes of endoscopic microvascular decompression (MVD) for primary trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and provide clinical experience for the application of full endoscopic techniques in MVD surgery.
Methods
Clinical data of 63 patients who underwent endoscopic MVD surgery at our institution between January 2020 and January 2023 were collected. The study analyzed the severity of facial pain using the Barrow Neurological Institute (BNI) Pain Intensity Score and evaluated the clinical outcomes and application of endoscopic MVD.
Results
Postoperatively, 59 patients (93.7%) achieved complete pain relief with a BNI score of I. Four patients (6.3%) had residual pain, managed effectively with medication (BNI score III). Recurrence was observed in 3 patients (4.8%) during the 12–36 months follow-up, with 2 patients (3.2%) scoring II and 1 patient (1.2%) scoring III on the BNI scale. Postoperative complications occurred in 6 patients (9.5%), including 3 cases of aseptic meningitis (4.8%), 2 cases of low-pressure syndrome (3.2%), and 1 case of hearing loss (1.6%). There were no fatalities, strokes, hearing impairments, facial paralysis, or other complications.
Conclusion
Endoscopic microvascular decompression for primary trigeminal neuralgia is safe and feasible. The wide-angle and multi-angle views and close observation are technical features and advantages of endoscopic surgery. The identification and confirmation of neurovascular compression are key to surgical success, but the lack of stereopsis and blind spots behind the scope need to be addressed and overcome.
Awareness and attitude among medical students towards Premarital screening and genetic counselling with special focus on sickle cell disease.
Authors: Raut Prachi , Gawande Avinash , Narlawar Uday
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Preventive genetic services based on population screening are now an integral part of maternal and child health programs in many parts of the world. Premarital screening for genetic diseases is superior to neonatal screening since the former is primary prevention while the latter is secondary or tertiary prevention. This study is an initial step to assess awareness of SCD and preventive measures among budding medical professionals in the context of the recently enrolled National Sickle Cell Anemia Elimination Mission.
Objective: 1. To evaluate the awareness about the Premarital Screening and Genetic Counselling (PMSGC) with a special focus on Sickle Cell Disease (SCD). 2. To evaluate the attitude of medical students toward the PMSGC.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 undergraduate medical students. Self- administered questionnaire was used to collect data after validating and pilot testing on 30 participants. Data was analysed using Jamovi 2.2.21.
Result: In our current study, we found that our participants (73.5) had adequate awareness of the basics of genetic testing and the majority of them were aware of the comprehensive nature of counselling services (73 % aware of prenatal counselling). Regarding attitudes, 40 individuals (20%) exhibited negative attitudes, whereas 160 individuals (80%) showed positive attitudes.However, these proportions of awareness and attitudes are relatively low compared to findings from countries that already have established preventive health programs for Hemoglobinopathies.
Prolonged Disease Remission of the Chronic Immunological Skin Disorder Hidradenitis Suppurativa with Bacteriophage Therapy
Authors: Bens Lene , Vanhoutvin Tine , Green Sabrina , Gorivale Sayali , Almeida Madalena , Romaniuk Filip , Hillary Tom , Jansen Daan , Matthijnssens Jelle , Vermeire Severine , Sabino João , Depypere Melissa , Devolder David , Spriet Isabel , Devabeye Yves , De Munter Paul , Onsea Jolien , Metsemakers Willem-Jan , Noort Vera van , Pirnay Jean-Paul , Merabishvili Maya , Wagemans Jeroen , Lavigne Rob , Laethem An Van
Published: December 2024

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic skin disease in which the acute development of noduli, abscesses and in a later stage fistula’s remains difficult to control, despite a wide range of recommended treatment options including immunomodulatory biologicals, surgical intervention and antibiotics. Besides being painful, associated lesions have an extensive impact on the quality of life. While HS is primarily an immune-mediated inflammatory disease, the skin microbiota plays a key role in its pathogenesis with pathogenic bacterial colonization of lesions observed. Bacteriophages, the viruses of bacteria, were used to treat a 52-year-old female HS patient with re-current colonization of lesions with Staphylococcus aureus. Phage therapy resulted in complete removal of lesions with a flare-free period of six months, along with a substantial improvement in the patient’s quality of life. The deployed experimental framework and the gained clinical experience will be valuable for future HS phage therapy research.
The prognostic value of Barthel index for mortality in older patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Longitudinal Prediction Study
Authors: Song Changpeng , Zheng Xinxin , Lu Jie , Guo Xinli , Cui Jingang , Wang Shuiyun , Huang Xiaohong
Published: December 2024

Background
Impairment of activities of daily living (ADL), assessed according to the Barthel index (BI) score, is common and associated with poor outcomes in older population. The association between impairment of ADL and the prognosis in older patients with hypertrophic myocardiopathy (HCM) has not been well studied.
Methods
A total of 351 older patients with HCM in our center between January 2014 and December 2017 were enrolled in this study. The clinical profile and outcomes were evaluated. According to BI score, patients were divided into three groups: total/severe dependency in ADL (≤ 60) vs. moderate dependency (65–90) vs. slight dependency/independency (95–100). Kaplan-Meier analysis and Multivariable Cox regression models were conducted to test the prognostic value of BI in older patients with HCM.
Results
27(8%) patients with BI ≤ 60 vs. 48(14%) patients with BI 65–90 vs. 276(78%) patients with BI 95–100. During a follow-up of 65 ± 21 months, 72 patients died (50 cardiovascular deaths). The 5-year survival free from all-cause mortality was 48.2% (95% CI 28.7–65.2%) in patients with BI ≤ 60, 62.0% (95% CI 46.7–74.2%) in patients with BI 65–90, and 89.7% (95% CI 85.5–92.8%) in patients with BI 95–100. The 5-year survival free from cardiovascular mortality was 54.4% (95% CI 33.7–71.1%) in patients with BI ≤ 60, 69.0% (95% CI 53.2–80.4%) in patients with BI 65–90, and 94.0% (95% CI 90.4–96.3%) in patients with BI 95–100. BI was a significantly associated with all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 0.978, 95% CI 0.968–0.989, P<0.001) and cardiovascular mortality (hazard ratio 0.975, 95% CI 0.963–0.987, P<0.001).
Conclusions
Impairment in ADL was associated with poor outcomes in older patients with HCM, routine assessment of ADL using BI may help in decision-making and health care planning for older patients with HCM.
Assessment of the global burden of esophageal cancer from 1990 to 2021 and the forecasted global burden in 2050: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
Authors: Zheng Tong , Wu Jize , Chen Xiaoming , Yang Zhichang , Lu Wenyuan , Yang Yang
Published: December 2024

Background
Esophageal cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related incidence and mortality globally. This study evaluates the global burden of esophageal cancer from 1990 to 2021 across various regions and populations, examines associated risk factors, and projects future trends through 2050.
Methods
We extracted esophageal cancer data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, including incidence, deaths, Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), age-standardized rates (ASRs), and attributable risk factors from 1990 to 2021, stratified by gender and region. Regression analyses were employed to evaluate trends in esophageal cancer burden across regions and populations, while Bayesian age-period-cohort models were used to forecast future trends.
Results
Globally, the incidence of esophageal cancer rose from 354,731 cases (95% UI: 388,914.46–317,512.39) in 1990 to 576,529 cases (95% UI: 645,648.46–509,492.07) in 2021, while deaths increased from 356,263 to 538,602 during the same period. The age-standardized incidence rate decreased from 8.86 (95% UI: 9.69–7.96) to 6.65 (95% UI: 7.45–5.88) per 100,000, the age-standardized mortality rate decreased from 9.02 (95% UI: 9.87–8.11) to 6.25 (95% UI: 7.00–5.53) per 100,000. By 2021, incidence among the elderly population (> 80 years) had increased, particularly in high Social-Demographic Index (SDI) regions. Key risk factors contributing to death and DALYs from esophageal cancer include smoking, alcohol use, low vegetable intake, and chewing tobacco. The global burden of esophageal cancer is projected to continue increasing through 2050.
Conclusions
The burden of esophageal cancer varies significantly across regions, populations, and age groups. Although ASRs have decreased over recent decades, esophageal cancer remains a leading cause of incidence and death, particularly in high-middle SDI regions such as East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. The identification of attributable risk factors underscores the need for targeted prevention strategies. Absolute incidence, death, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years are projected to rise due to population growth and aging. Future efforts should prioritize precision interventions and the reduction of known risk factors to mitigate the global burden.
Enzymatic pre-valorization of paddy straw for bio-delignification and silica reduction: Pioneer step towards cleaner production
Authors: Kaur Daljeet , Mor Nitu , Kaur Prabhjot , Battan Bindu , Singh Amarjit , Sharma Jitender
Published: December 2024

The convoluted structure of rice straw containing high silica in cell wall, sturdy bonding of lignin with fibers, massive fine fractions, strong cellulose crystallinity and other concomitant factors are the major constraints for rice straw applications in various sectors. The conversion of rice straw into treasure requires essential initial treatment so as to separate lignin, reduce silica content and dissolving its hemicellulosic fibers. Present study focused on enzymatic pretreatment of rice straw with cellulase (CTec2), xylopectinase, laccase and silicases to reduce lignin, ash and silica without causing depletion of long chain fibers. The process conditions like dose, pretreatment time, temperature and pH for every enzymatic pretreatment were optimized. The results obtained with all enzymes were significant but highest reduction of 26.5% in lignin and 20.8% in ash content of rice straw was approached during laccase pretreatment. After that, the major reduction in silica i.e. 19.7% during silicases pretreatment was achieved at optimized conditions. CTec2 and xylopectinase were also effective during pretreatments but showed dramatic impact on fibrous composition. The study revealed that a proficient two stage enzymatic pretreatment process based on silicase and laccase for rice straw can be developed using present results to add value to this agro-waste.
Evaluating Instructor Feedback Practices in a Clinical Learning Environment in a Developing World Setting; a Qualitative Study.
Authors: Tumwine Moreen , Mucunguzi Boaz , Walker Guti , Munabi Ian , Mubuuke Aloysious , Kiguli Sarah
Published: December 2024

Background
Feedback is an essential component in medical education. Delivering timely and relevant feedback to individual students enhances workplace-based learning. There is increasing evidence that current feedback practices are not fit for purpose. However, there’s paucity of data on studies evaluating how feedback is given by tutors to students in developing countries. The study sought to evaluate the feedback practices of tutors of clinical medicine students in the facilitation of workplace learning.
Methodology
It was a qualitative study design. The study was conducted at Kampala International University in Tanzania, KIUT. The study participants were clinical medicine (14) tutors and (22) third year technician certificate in clinical medicine students. Data was collected through In-depth Interviews. The transcribed data was analyzed by inductive thematic analysis
Results
This study revealed five key themes: Feedback Delivery and Approach, Feedback Timing, Feedback Content, student Engagement and Participation, Challenges in giving feedback. Most tutors provided constructive, timely, and engaging feedback. The challenges dominantly were; Students not being receptive to feedback, Individual differences. Diverse learning styles, student resistance to act on feedback. Notably, most of the students were dissatisfied with the feedback provided citing its absence, delay, inconsistency, discouraging comments, and harsh language used by certain teachers.
Conclusion
Generally, the clinical tutors provided feedback that was constructive and student engaging but lacked the crucial aspect of observed performance and student reflection; hence an incomplete feedback process. Moreover, a majority of students expressed dissatisfaction with it. To improve impact of feedback on student learning and growth in clinical settings, institutions should implement Faculty Development Programmes that will provide training and support to tutors on effective feedback practices.
Controlling the wavefront aberration of a large-aperture and high-precision holographic diffraction grating
Authors: Ba Yanheshig , Li Wenhao , Wang Xinyu , Liu Zhaowu , Wang Wei , Jiang Shan , Li Yubo , Li Shuo , Zhang Wei , Jiang Yanxiu , Wu Zheng , Zhou Wenyuan
Published: December 2024

The scanning interference field exposure technique is an effective method to fabricate holographic diffraction gratings with meter-level size and nano-level precision. The main problems of making large-aperture and high-precision gratings by this technique are the high-precision displacement measurement of the stage, the high-precision control of the interference field and the real time compensation of the grating phase deviation. In this paper, the influence of grating grooves position error on the wavefront aberration is analyzed. In order to improve the precision of the stage with displacement range more than one meter, an integrated displacement measurement combining grating sensing and laser interferometry is proposed, which suppresses the influence of environment on measurement precision under long displacement range. An interference fringes measurement method is proposed, which combines the diffraction characteristics of the measuring grating with the phase shift algorithm. By controlling the direction, period and phase nonlinear errors of the interference fringes, high quality interferometric field can be obtained. Further, a dynamic phase-locking model is established by using heterodyne interferometry to compensate grating phase deviation caused by stage motion error in real time. A grating with the aperture of 1500 mm × 420 mm is fabricated. The diffraction wavefront aberration reaches 0.327λ @ 632.8 nm and the wavefront gradient reaches 16.444 nm/cm. This research presents a novel technique for the fabrication of meter-size and nano-precision holographic gratings, which would further promote the development of chirped pulse amplification systems, high-energy laser and ultra-high precision displacement measurement and other fields.
Exploring differentiated service delivery strategies to optimize modern contraceptive uptake among adolescents with HIV in Northern Uganda: a mixed methods study
Authors: Ajilong Harriet , Bongomin Felix , Pebolo Pebalo F. , Obol James H.
Published: December 2024

Background
In sub-Saharan Africa, contraceptive use among adolescents ranges from 21–42% with an unmet need of 53–64%. Therefore, client-centered strategies like the differentiated service delivery (DSD) model should be explored to improve contraceptive use among adolescents in Uganda.
Methods
An exploratory mixed-methods study was conducted in HIV positive adolescents 12–19 years at Gulu Regional Referral hospital in northern Uganda. Structured questionnaires were used to obtain information on contraceptive use, and the most convenient mode of delivery. Selected key informants identified specific delivery strategies potentially associated with higher contraceptive uptake.
Results
Of the 193 respondents who participated in the study, 108(56%) were females with a mean age of 15 years. Ever use of modern contraceptives was low at 16% because only a small percentage (approximately 20%) were sexually active. Most participants, 54/193 (40%) preferred accessing contraceptives from the adolescent clinic from health workers and peer supporters. Factors associated with increased contraceptive use were tertiary level education and employment. From qualitative analysis participants recommended separation of adolescent services, peer support and community outreaches to improve uptake.
Conclusion
The contraceptive prevalence rate among HIV-positive adolescents is still low. Contraceptive use is higher among the educated or employed. Services should be provided at adolescent-friendly clinics by trained health workers and peers during school holidays to optimize uptake.
Transforming zeolite structure direction: metals with a dual role as amine coordinators and siloxy connectors
Authors: Dusselier Michiel , Bae Juna , Plessers Dieter , McCusker Lynne
Published: December 2024

Innovation in the synthesis of new zeolites has been achieved primarily through the use of novel organic compounds as structure-directing agents (SDAs) and the exploitation of their cooperative/competitive interaction with other organic/inorganic factors. Here, we present a novel type of structure-direction based on a metal-amine coordination polymer leading to a 3-dimensional silicate-based hybrid material, LEU-1. The Zn-amine polymer not only serves as an SDA, but also plays a practical role in extending the inorganic connectivity in form of Zn-O-Si bonds. This dual-role mechanism leads to unique hybrids with huge potential for creating zeolite-like materials. We demonstrate that by using the silicate layer in LEU-1 as a platform, two novel pure-silica zeolites can be generated. While the principles of interaction between the metal, amine and silicate components in the synthesis mixture need clarification, this synthesis strategy, rooted in the coordination diversity of metal-amines, opens the door to more novel zeolite structures.
MHCquant2 refines immunopeptidomics tumor antigen discovery
Authors: Scheid Jonas , Lemke Steffen , Hoenisch-Gravel Naomi , Dengler Anna , Sachsenberg Timo , Declerq Arthur , Gabriels Ralf , Bauer Jens , Wacker Marcel , Bichmann Leon , Martens Lennart , Dubbelaar Marissa L. , Nahnsen Sven , Walz Juliane S.
Published: December 2024

The identification of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-presented peptides as targets of anti-cancer T cell response is pivotal for the development of novel immunotherapies. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based immunopeptidomics enables the detection of these peptides, yet confident identifications and thus implementation in immunotherapy design are hampered by the high diversity and low abundance of naturally presented HLA peptides. Here, we introduce MHCquant2, a Nextflow-based open-source pipeline that leverages OpenMS tools and peptide property predictors (DeepLC, MS2PIP) for highly sensitive and scalable HLA peptide identification and quantification across various MS platforms. MHCquant2 increased peptide identifications up to 27% with a significant expansion of low-abundant peptides, outperforming state-of-the-art pipelines. Using MHCquant2 we build a comprehensive benign tissue repository comprising re-analyzed data from available benign immunopeptidomes and a novel benignMHCquant2 dataset, adding more than 160,000 novel naturally presented HLA peptides. First applications of this benign repository and the MHCquant2 pipeline enabled (i) the refinement of tumor-associated antigens, (ii) the detection of novel, high-frequent tumor-exclusive peptide antigens for multiple tumor entities, and (iii) the identification and quantification of mutation-derived low-abundant neoepitopes. MHCquant2 refines tumor antigen discovery in immunopeptidomics, paving the way for the implementation of off-the-shelf and personalized immunotherapy design.
Shifting (ir)regularity regimes in extreme climate impacts under global warming
Authors: Zantout Karim , Balkovic Juraj , Billing Maik , Folberth Christian , Gosling Simon N. , Hank Tobias , Hantson Stijn , Iizumi Toshichika , Ito Akihiko , Jägermeyr Jonas , Jain Atul K. , Khabarov Nikolay , Kou-Giesbrecht Sian , Li Fang , Li Mengxue , Lin Tzu-Shun , Liu Wenfeng , Müller Christoph , Okada Masashi , Ostberg Sebastian , Otta Kedar , Rabin Sam , Reyer Christopher P. O. , Scheer Clemens , Schneider Julia M. , Zabel Florian , Frieler Katja , Schewe Jacob
Published: December 2024

The spatio-temporal patterns of extreme climate impacts have been studied in various ways, yet two questions lack a profound analysis: Do such events occur regularly and if so, how do existing regularity patterns change under global warming? Here, we address these questions with a new statistical method for detecting dominant periods in noisy spatio-temporal data. Under pre-industrial conditions we find regularity patterns in close to 57% of cropland affected by crop failure, likely related to the influence of climatic oscillations such as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation, while extreme heatwaves occur without significant regularity. Wildfires exhibit regularity in 90% of all affected areas, yet linked to the specific regrowth dynamics of different biome types. Under climate change, the warming trend determines (ir)regularity, leading to a decrease of regularity in crop failure and wildfire by additionally 4% and 2%, respectively, and the emergence of regularity in 10% of the areas affected by heatwaves at the transition from the pre-industrial era to the anthropocene. In the anthropocene, crop failure, wildfire and heatwave occurrences increase and undergo a shift towards monotonic growth in all impacts replacing pre-existing natural regularity patterns. Moreover, de-trended impact projections indicate an additional shift towards higher frequencies of extreme event patterns due to climate change. The observed shifts in extreme event regularity are important for the planning of adaptation strategies and our method offers a new perspective on studying extreme climate impacts.
MILK CONSUMPTION PATTERNS ACROSS SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILES: A LITERATURE-BASED STUDY
Authors:   Associate Professor of Commerce and Research Scholar, Research and PG Department of Commerce and Management Studies (Research Centre, University of Calicut), Sri C Achutha Menon Government College, Thrissur, P O Kuttanellur, Kerala, India- PIN 680014., P.K Vijayan , N.J Johnson ,   Assistant Professor of Commerce and Reseach Scholar, Research and PG Department of Commerce and Management Studies (Research Centre, University of Calicut), Sri C Achutha Menon Government College, Thrissur, P O Kuttanellur, Kerala, India - PIN 680014.
Published: December 2024

This study analyses existing literature on milk consumption patterns in relation to socio-economic and demographic factors. By reviewing previous research, the study examines the influence of variables such as gender, age, education, income, employment and geographic location on milk consumption behaviours. Findings suggest that consumption patterns are heavily influenced by these factors, with implications for public health policy, dairy marketing strategies, and future research directions in consumer behaviour.
Wstęp. Słowo od redaktora naczelnego oraz redaktora obecnego numeru
Authors: Biały Stanisław
Published: December 2024

Z radością oddajemy w ręce czytelników kolejny numer czasopisma „Studia nad Rodziną”, które jest publikowane przez Wydawnictwo UKSW w Warszawie. Mimo pewnych trudności pisma – brak satysfakcjonującej punktacji – wierzymy w jego przyszły sukces. Tytuł obecnego numeru to: „Prawda o rodzinie – dobrem rodziny”. Redakcja czasopisma (w nowym składzie – redaktorem naczelnym został ks. dr hab.  Stanisław Biały, prof. ucz., jego zastępcą ks. dr Wojciech Kućko, a sekretarzem ks. dr Łukasz Borowski) będzie czyniła wszystko, żeby mogło ono znaleźć się na ministerialnej liście (otrzymując dobrą punktację), a tym samym, aby odpowiednio służyło rozwojowi nauk o rodzinie. Zależy nam na udostępnieniu naukowcom z tej dziedziny adekwatnej możliwości publikowania, a tym samym dzielenia się swoimi wynikami naukowymi, nie tylko ze środowiskiem UKSW, lecz także – zgodnie z naszymi ambicjami – z całą Polską i zagranicą.
ORG-317 Repurposing as a Potential Agonist Targeting TMEM236 in Colorectal Cancer Treatment: Insights from Molecular Dynamics
Simulation, Principal Component Analysis, and Free Energy Landscape Study
Authors: Maurya Neha Shree , Kushwah Shikha , Chaudhary Amit , Patel Kavita , Shukla Shruti , Mani Ashutosh
Published: December 2024

Background and objective:

Colorectal Cancer (CRC) affects the colon and
rectum part of the digestive system and is a significant global health concern, with approximately
1.1 million new cases annually. It ranks second in cancer-related deaths.
Studies have shown future projections of CRC cases to enhance at a worrisome rate, estimating
3.2 million new cases and 1.6 million deaths worldwide by 2040. Studies have
shown the downregulation of TMEM236 in CRC, and this study aimed to find the agonist
to restore the function of TMEM236 via the drug repurposing method.

Methods:

The different molecular and structural level analyses were performed to understand
how the TMEM236 expression can be restored. To obtain the molecular level data,
the following analyses were employed to understand the binding affinity and agonistic
behaviour of the screened drugs: molecular docking, oral toxicity prediction, Molecular
Dynamics (MD) simulation, Free Energy Landscape (FEL) analysis, and g_mmpbsa.

Results:

The molecular docking, oral toxicity, and molecular interaction analyses have
identified db06435, db05423, and db15197 drugs from the DrugBank database to either
belong to an approved or investigational class of drugs as a potential agonist for
TMEM236. The MD simulation and PCA analysis had shown db05423 (ORG-317) to
exhibit stable interaction with TMEM236 protein. Similar results were obtained through
FEL analysis.

Conclusion:

The downregulation of TMEM236 expression and its constant binding
affinity with db05423 during MD simulation suggest that this drug may restore the diminished
function and expression of TMEM236. Additionally, it could function as an agonist
and can be used for CRC treatment.
Exploring Naturally-Derived Targeted Nano Delivery Therapy for Burn Wound Healing with Special Emphasis on Preclinical Outcomes
Authors: Bhuyan Abhranil , Dey Piyali , Gogoi Himanshu , Mandal Santa
Published: December 2024

Plant bioactive are being used since the early days of medicinal discovery for their various
therapeutic activities and are safer compared to modern medicines. According to World Health Organization
(WHO), approximately 180,000 deaths from burns occur every year with the majority in
countries. Recent years have witnessed significant advancements in this domain, with numerous plant
bioactive and their various nanoformulations demonstrating promising preclinical burn wound healing
activity and identified plant-based nanotechnology of various materials through some variations
of cellular mechanisms. A comprehensive search was conducted on scientific databases like PubMed,
Web of Science, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar to retrieve relevant literature on burn wound,
plants, nano formulations and in vivo studies from 1990 to 2024. From a total of approximately 180
studies, 40 studies were screened out following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, which reported
40 different plants and plant extracts with their various nano-formulations (NFs) that were used
against burn wounds preclinically. This study provides the current scenario of naturally-derived targeted
therapy, exploring the impact of natural products on various nanotechnology in burn wound
healing on a preclinical model. This comprehensive review provides the application of herbal nanoformulations
(HBNF) for the treatment of burn wounds. Natural products and their derivatives may
include many unidentified bioactive chemicals or untested nano-formulations that might be useful in
today's medical toolbox. Mostly, nano-delivery system modulates the bioactive compound's effectiveness
on burn wounds and increases compatibility by suppressing inflammation. However, their
exploration remains incomplete, necessitating possible pathways and mechanisms of action using
clinical models.
A Perspective on Frailty and its Predisposing Factors among People Living with HIV
Authors: Morante-Ruiz Miguel , Sanabria-Giron Paulo Cesar , Rubio-Martin Rafael , Cervantes-Perez Enrique , Seager Anna , Míguez-Arrua Julieta , Cabello-Ubeda Alfonso
Published: December 2024

People Living with HIV (PLHIV) experience accelerated aging, yet strategies for
healthy aging in this group are not well studied. Although survival rates have improved, non-infectious
comorbidities, like cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancers, are increasing and tend to
appear earlier and more severely in PLHIV frailty, defined as increased vulnerability to stressors,
which is a growing concern among aging PLHIV, driven by factors, like chronic inflammation, antiretroviral
therapy toxicity, and traditional risk factors. Key areas of focus include inactivity, sarcopenia,
vitamin D deficiency, and polypharmacy. Addressing these factors is crucial to preventing
functional decline and improving the quality of life of PLHIV, though more research is necessary.
The aim of this article was to identify and conduct a narrative review of these factors in a
pragmatic way in order to facilitate the clinicians.
Novel Pathway and Recent Advances for Targeting Sickle Cell Anemia through Novel Drug Delivery System
Authors: Chouhan Savita , Ajazuddin  , Jain Parag
Published: December 2024

Red blood cells with sickle cell anemia (SCA) have an irregular shape, and it is a genetic
blood condition that can cause several problems and shorten life expectancy. Traditional treatments
have focused on symptom management, but recent advancements in drug delivery systems
offer promising pathways for targeted therapies. This abstract explores novel approaches to combat
SCA through innovative drug delivery systems, gene therapy, and new pharmaceutical interventions.
One novel pathway for targeting SCA involves utilizing advanced drug delivery systems
to enhance the effectiveness of therapeutic agents. Nanotechnology-based delivery systems, such
as nanoparticles and liposomes, offer precise drug targeting, controlled release, and improved bioavailability.
These systems can encapsulate anti-sickling agents, like hydroxyurea, and enable their
specific delivery to affected cells, reducing side effects and enhancing therapeutic outcomes. Additionally,
therapy has become a ground-breaking method of treating SCA. CRISPR/Cas9 technology
presents a groundbreaking opportunity to correct the genetic mutation responsible for sickle hemoglobin
production. By precisely editing the HBB gene, which encodes the abnormal hemoglobin,
researchers aim to restore normal hemoglobin expression, potentially offering a curative
treatment for SCA. Furthermore, recent advancements in drug development have led to the discovery
of promising candidates targeting specific pathways involved in SCA pathophysiology. Experimental
drugs, such as voxelotor and crizanlizumab focus on modifying hemoglobin properties or
inhibiting cell adhesion, respectively, thereby preventing sickle cell-related complications and reducing
vaso-occlusive crisis frequency.
Prevalence of Sarcopenic Obesity in Elderly Population: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Rupolo Viviane Locatelli , Camargo Taiana Lemos , Pureza Isabele Rejane de Oliveira Maranhão , Beretta Mileni Vanti , Garcez Anderson
Published: December 2024

Background:

Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is characterized by the simultaneous presence
of both obesity and sarcopenia in the same individual, and it is associated with adverse health
outcomes such as falls, hospitalization, functional disability, and mortality. This study aimed to
provide a comprehensive analysis of the prevalence of SO in the elderly population through a
systematic review and meta-analysis of the scientific literature.

Methods:

A systematic search was conducted in the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and LILACS
databases for observational studies published up to July 2023 on the prevalence of SO in
individuals aged 65 years or older. Data were collected from the selected and included articles,
including general study information, demographic characteristics of the samples, methods, and
results. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) criteria.
A random-effects model was applied for the quantitative synthesis (meta-analysis) of combined
prevalence data, and the I-squared index (I²) was used to assess heterogeneity. Publication bias
was evaluated using a funnel plot and Egger’s test.

Results:

A total of 37 articles meeting the eligibility criteria were selected and included in this
meta-analysis. Heterogeneity among the studies was observed, along with evidence of publication
bias. Most studies were classified as having a high risk of bias. The pooled prevalence of SO
in the elderly was 10% (95% CI: 8%−12%; I²: 99.10%, p<0.001). A similar result was observed
after stratification by sex, with a prevalence of 10% in both men (95% CI: 8%−12%; I²: 97.46%,
p<0.001) and women (95% CI: 8%−12%; I²: 98.72%, p<0.001). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses
revealed that the study setting, criteria used for the diagnosis of obesity, and the risk of bias
in the studies were potential factors contributing to the heterogeneity in the prevalence of SO in
the elderly.

Conclusions:

This meta-analysis indicated a significant prevalence of SO among the elderly
population, with no difference by sex, highlighting SO as a substantial health problem in this
population. These findings underscore the importance of interventions to reduce the occurrence
of SO in the elderly.
Factors Associated with Volunteering among Saudi Arabian Healthcare College Students
Authors: Almogbel Yasser S.
Published: December 2024

Background

Volunteering is a helpful service to society, embodying personal commitment and a spontaneous result of community life. In this study, factors associated with the intention to volunteer among healthcare students in Saudi Arabia were investigated using the theory of planned behavior.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional, survey-based observational study. The data collection tool comprised eight sections (demographic information, volunteering experience, behavioral intention, attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, motivation to volunteer, and satisfaction from volunteering) in accordance with the theory of planned behavior. The sample size was calculated using G*Power software. A descriptive analysis and univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to determine the significant differences among the variables.

Results

A total of 402 healthcare students completed the survey after obtaining permission from the ethics committee. The average age was 23 (±2.2) years, and a majority of the participants were female (60.5%). Most participants were pharmacy students (39.4%), and the average grade point average of all participants was 4.22 (±0.5). About half of them (49.8%) had previous volunteering experience. A significant association was found between the intention of healthcare students to volunteer and attitude (β = 0.350; p < 0.001), subjective norm (β = 0.116; p = 0.001), perceived behavioral control (β = 0.257; p < 0.001), age (β = −0.203; p = 0.023), male gender (β = −1.068; p = 0.005), and volunteering experience (β = 1.156; p = 0.023).

Conclusion

Attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, previous volunteering experience, age, and male gender were associated with willingness to volunteer. These findings suggest that healthcare education institutions can develop strategies to engage and motivate student volunteers in community outreach programs. Our study results cannot be generalized, as it was conducted only in the Qassim region of Saudi Arabia.