bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘वधशालामा बुद्ध’ कथाको रसभाव
Authors: Tiwari Prem Prasad
Published: May 2022

महेशविव्रम शाहको छापामारको छोरो (२०६३) कथासङ्ग्रहमा सङ्कलित ‘वधशालामा बुद्ध’ कथा युद्धसँग सम्बन्धित रहेको छ । नेपाली जनताले युद्धको वेलामा भोगेका घटनाको प्रस्तुति कथामा दिइएको छ । यस लेखमा मुख्यत पूर्वीय रससिद्धान्तका आधारमा ‘वधशालामा बुद्ध’ कथाको विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । यस लेखमा विभाव, अनुभाव, व्यभिचारीभाव र स्थायीभावको निरूपण गरी रसाभि व्यक्तिको अवस्थासमेत निरूपण गरिएको छ । यस कथामा वधिक, महनायक, युवक, कैदी तथा वधशालाका अन्य वधिकहरू आलम्बन (पात्रहरू) का रूपमा आएका छन् । त्यस्तै कथामा युद्धबन्दीलाई वध गरिने वधशाला उद्दीपन विभावका रूपमा आएको छ । वधशालामा उपस्थित भएका सबै पात्रहरूद्वारा प्रकट गरिएका कायिक, वाचिक, साŒिवक तथा आहार्य अनुभावहरू नै कथावस्तु बनेका छन् । कथामा उत्साह, क्रोध, शम, विस्मय, भयजस्ता भावहरू अङ्ग र अङ्गीका रूपमा प्रकट भएका छन् । त्यस्तै कथामा निर्वेद, आवेग, श्रम, जडता, उग्रता, मोह, अपस्मार अमर्ष, औत्सुक्य, उन्माद, शङ्का, त्रास, हर्ष, धृति, चिन्ता, तर्कजस्ता सञ्चारी भावहरू प्रकट भएका छन् । कथामा विभाव, अनुभाव, व्यभिचारीभावका माध्यमबाट स्थायीभाव परिपुष्ट बनेको पाइदैन । बरु कथामा भावशान्ति, भावोदय तथा भावशबलताको अवस्था रहेको पाइन्छ । यिनै भावका तहमा कथाको सौन्दर्य प्रकट भएको छ ।
Supply side management in microhydro using battery bank: A case study of Pinthali microhydro plant, Kavre
Authors: Subedi Amit , Bajracharya Tri Ratna
Published: May 2022

Geographical difficulties and slow development of power generation, transmission and distribution, related activities have made many remote areas not assessable to national grids in Nepal. Electricity demand is increasing day by day in urban as well as rural areas but instant extension of national grid seems difficult in many remote places of Nepal. Thousands of Micro hydropower are being installed throughout the country where extension of grid is difficult. This paper presents the introduction of battery bank for the supply side management in the micro hydropower plants. Surplus power during off load time is stored in a battery instead of wasting in dump load. The system is designed in Matlab Simulink where system containing Electronic Load Controller(ELC), Battery Management System(BMS), three phase ac/dc converter were used. Synchronous Generator which generates constant power feeds the load, battery and dump load according to requirement. Battery uses the power for charging during off load hour and supplies deficit power during peak hour. Case study of Pinthali microhydro power of capacity 8.1 KW was carried out for load survey to calculate excess power. Simulated system was able to distribute the power to load when load demand was higher than generation through the battery.
Kinetics of manganese removal from bore well water using Katalox Light, Birm and ISR
Authors: Sah Chandan Kumar Sah , Amatya Iswar Man
Published: May 2022

Groundwater scarcity and quality degradation has been a pertinent issue in Kathmandu Valley (KV). The high concentration of Manganese in the groundwater is the major issue in the drinking water quality. This research work presents the removal Manganese through comparative study between Katalox light filtration model (KLFM) and Rapid sand filtration model (RSFM) at three different flow rates. Gravel, Katalox light, Burgess Iron Removal Method (BIRM), Iron Specific Resin (ISR) and sand are commonly used filter media for KLFM and RSFM respectively. KLFM filtration is physio-catalytic adsorption purification process of high removal capacity of Manganese at higher pH. Two identical filter columns packed with Katalox light 1.24mm size (depth 96.52cm), ISR 0.56mm size (depth 5.1cm), BIRM 1.23mm size (depth 38.1cm) and sand 0.57mm size (depth 60cm) were used and operated at three discharges viz., 0.018L/s, 0.020L/s and 0.022 L/s at Manohara-Besi Water Supply Committee located in Changunarayan Nagarpalika, Bhaktapur and detailed study was conducted. As the influent raw Manganese concentration varied up to of 0.672mg/L, the effluent Mn concentration was found to be 0.024mg/L, 0.026mg/L and 0.044mg/L in KLFM and 0.542mg/L, 0.534mg/L and 0.628mg/L in RSFM at 0.018L/s, 0.020L/s and 0.022L/s respectively. The average Manganese removed at 0.018L/s, 0.020L/s and 0.022L/s were found to be 96.000%, 95.785% and 93.388% in KLFM and 10.500%, 9.507%, and 6.612% in RSFM of influent average Manganese concentration respectively. The Manganese removal was found to be more effective at flow rate of 0.018L/s. KLFM and RSFM Filters were backwashed with backwashing velocity of 24 m/h with periodic 10-15minutes and 36m/h within 3 days respectively, when the terminal head loss of 215.7cm and 219cm was obtained and both filters were run in parallel for 1.5 hours daily. It was concluded that the KLFM media could be a good media for the reduction of Manganese concentration.
Controlled substitution of coarse aggregate with waste glass and syringe needle in M20 concrete
Authors: Adhikari Ranjana , Shrestha Yadin , Amatya Iswar Man , Motra Gokarna Bahadur
Published: May 2022

Certain types of inorganic waste can be reused by substituting the primary materials of M20 concrete in controlled percentage. Inorganic wastes like waste glass and syringe needle are some of its examples which are currently being sent to landfill sites in a large share. This study considers the waste glass (toughen glass, flat glass) generated from the construction site & glass market and autoclaved syringe needle generated as a hospital waste. Waste glass was used to partially replace up to 20% and syringe needle 2% of coarse aggregate in combined form for all concrete mixes. The workability test, compressive strength test and Flexural strength test was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the mix. The use of combination of waste glass and syringe needle resulted in decreasing the slump value due to angular grain shape of glass and reinforcing property of needle, whereas the compressive strength noticeably enhanced. With increasing the waste glass and syringe needle percentage the strength gradually increases up to a given limit beyond which it started to decrease. The maximum compressive strength of concrete was obtained at 10% of waste glass and 1% of syringe needle and the value of the compressive strength of the for 28 days of curing is 32.29 N/mm2. The Flexural strength for the sample 2 was observed 3.07 N/mm2.
Deployment and Charging Station Plan for Public Electric Buses in Kathmandu Valley Using Linear Programming Method and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis
Authors: Lamichhane Madhu Sudan , Luintel Mahesh Chandra , Adhikari Surya
Published: May 2022

The government of Nepal is planning to develop electric bus (e-bus) fleet in Kathmandu valley with an aim to reduce the city pollution. The SajhaYatayat, a governmental institution operating public buses in different routes of Kathmandu valley, is going to purchase e-bus for public services. The aim of this research is to develop models with which the number of buses can be minimized, and the best charging facility can be adopted by using Linear Programming and Multi-criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) respectively. The six prominent routes of Sajha Yatayat were taken for models optimization. Many constraints affect the optimal number of buses that can be deployed in the routes. The data available from SajhaYatayat and the specification of the e-bus were the basic input parameters for linear programming model. The technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method was used to choose model charging facility among different models. The optimization results showed that the number of e-buses required is 40; each route consisting of 6 or 8 e-buses. These e-buses must be charged overnight in a central charging facility over terminal charging or opportunity charging. In this mode of charging facility the cost of operation can be minimal and the ease to maintain the fleet can be high. The result also showed that the lifetime cost of e-bus is 1.7 times lesser than that of diesel bus in terms of social and economic cost. The study presents that acquiring and deploying e-bus is financially and technically feasible.
Higher mode effects on capacity curves
Authors: Parajuli Hari Ram , Tiwari Suman Kumar
Published: May 2022

The effects of higher modes on the capacity curves and their effects on the formation of plastic hinges are studied herein for regular reinforced concrete structure with no any weak or soft story having time period typically less than 1 sec. The theoretical validity of modal pushover analysis is explained with respect to elastic and inelastic systems. In this modal pushover analysis (MPA), the seismic demand due to individual terms in the modal expansion of the effective earthquake forces is determined by a pushover analysis using the inertia force distribution for each mode. The higher mode pushover curves show significant increase in base shear as well as significant decrease in roof displacement that are not detected by the first mode which is a part of FEMA-356 force distributions. To determine the difference of seismic response parameter at concerned point, local performance levels are used rather than global performance level for better accuracy. Fiber plastic hinges model is used instead of conventional lumped plastic hinge where stress-strain curves is directly applied for confined concrete to inner core concrete and unconfined stress- strain to outer concrete. Base Shear of Capacity Curve at IO performance level, inelastic beam component with compressive stress at 0.002 and 0.0038 increased by 14.52 %, 10.825 %, and 10.42 % respectively. Displacement Demand of Capacity Curve at IO performance level, inelastic beam component with compressive stress at 0.002 and 0.0038 decreased by 15.84 %, 15. 94 % and 12.86 %. It is seen that up to 3rd mode is crucial and should be amalgamate in regular structure and up to 8th mode should be amalgamate in irregular structure
Illustrating the Dominant-Subordinate Relations: A Gramscian Analysis of Vikal’s Abiral Bagdachha Indraavatee [Indravati Flows Constantly]
Authors: Rai Jiwan Kumar
Published: May 2022

This study attempts to analyze Ramesh Vikal’s Abiral Bagdachha Indraavatee [Indravati Flows Constantly], aiming to explore the hierarchical relations between Chaturbhuj Kaji, the agent and representative ruler of feudal society, and the poor Majhi community. To analyze the text, Antonio Gramsci’s concept of hegemony has been used as a theoretical tool. He argues that the dominant class attempts to maintain their supremacy over subordinate groups in two ways – by winning spontaneous consent and by exercising coercive agencies such as police, military, courts and prisons; and using means of violence and terror. Consequently, pains and sufferings perpetuate in everyday lives of subordinate people. For instance, in the text, the village head Kaji and his son dominate the poor Majhi people, but they do not realize the oppression or fail to revolt against domination of the Kaji family because of the cultural hegemony and lack of class alliances. As a result, they go through the sufferings like poverty, physical tortures, imprisonment, kidnaped and rape and so on. This study gives insights to see how the evils and vices of feudal system degrade the lives of the Majhi people in particular and the entire humanity in general.
Continual Flow of Limbu Pa:la:m Song: A Politeness Principle Perspective
Authors: Tumbahang Mohan Kumar
Published: May 2022

The paper aims to analyze the Limbu cultural specific song Pa:la:m from the perspective of the politeness principle. It attempts to reply the questions such as how the singing duet follows the communicative implicature and what the rationales or practical implications there are in life. The study design was based on the qualitative one which made the use of non-numerical data. The necessary data were elicited from the textual resources that were recorded in certain books of the Limbu culture. Moreover the data were discussed, analyzed and interpreted in relation to pragmatic theory, a part of linguistics. The analysis of the data showed that the Limbu cultural specific song Pa:la:m has readily followed the principle of politeness. As the Pa:la:m singers have learnt the polite form of speech, they can deal verbal behavior smoothly and successfully. It is expected that this study can help the individuals involving in the pragmatic study of the verbal behavior. In addition, the anthropologists can achieve certain insight into the Limbu ethic culture and the traditional song Pa:la:m.
Majesty of Limbu Love Songs: The Case of Sambahamphe's Char Maya Palam
Authors: Limbu Ramesh Kumar
Published: May 2022

Folklore studies, also known as folkloristics, studies customs, traditions, artifacts and beliefs being transmitted from past generations to the present. Transmission of these artifacts is a vital part of the folklore process. This article examines how Limbu love song, known as palam, splendidly characterizes the multiple aspects of love functioning as a sense of propriety and decorum. Palam is a popular folksong in Yakthung Limbu community of Nepal. It is also sung in many other countries of the world where Limbu community populate including India, Bhutan and Myanmar. Focusing on the text Char Maya Palam by Ambika Kumar Sambahamphe, the study attempts to analyse how the palam or Limbu love song, which is sung while dancing ya?lang, undeniably holds substantial popularity and esteemed value in Limbu traditional folksongs.
Front Pages
Authors: Jha Gyaneshwar
Published: May 2022

Board of editors, publication information, editorial, table of contents
Initiating Dialogues, Breaking Silences: Strategies for Redressing Historical Traumas
Authors: Sigdel Keshab
Published: May 2022

Historical traumas are carried forward into the present in the psyche and life not only of those who experienced the trauma directly, but also to the generations that follow. And in many cases, silence has been an important carrier of this unspeakable past. Revisiting the past becomes an effective strategy of interaction and dialogue in order to reconcile with the historical trauma. I discuss two texts which deal with the depiction of historical violence and the resulting trauma—Tara Rai’s Chhapamar Yuvati ko Dayari (Diary of a Guerilla Girl) and Khuswant Singh’s Train to Pakistan—and attempt to see how recovering memories of the past, as psychologist Ramsay Lieum claims, can contribute not only to understanding the lasting psychological impacts of intense social and political conflicts but also exploring prospects for personal and social reconciliation.
The Donkey
Authors: Devkota Laxmi Prasad
Published: May 2022

Of all quadrupeds the donkey happens to be the one credited by men with the least amount of animal intelligence. Its very name has become a word of abuse and contempt to be used against a friend or an acquaintance whom you regard as lacking in that degree of understanding that is necessary to a normal social being. The higher castes in India and Nepal do not touch the unintelligent brute and take a purifying bath after an accidental jostling. The worshippers of intellect on our side of the world have graded animals in the order of their brain qualities and put them down accordingly under the category of eatables and uneatable, the adorable and the contemptible. The donkey, like the sow, is the most contemptible and the most untouchable among the four-legged kind. It is positively a chamar or pariah in the hierarchy of animals. My mother, an orthodox Brahmin, accustomed to holy rites and prayers, used to warn me in my childhood against taking the donkey's name early in the morning. She positively believed that a full day's religious merit acquired through pious meditation and prayers would be totally forfeited on hearing the name of that ugly kind. The worship of intelligence carried to a religious pitch produces orthodox abhorrence of that variety. When the washerman's donkey is tinkling its bells along the road, you can see the start of the orthodox pedestrian and the scared expression in the eyes of religious ladies. The very sight is regarded as ominous by those who live by religious signs and symbols.
Civil Disobedience for Conflict Resolution: Gandhi and Thoreau
Authors: Poudyal Phatik Prasad
Published: May 2022

The importance of civil disobedience in conflict resolution and peace negotiations has been universally recognized after the second half of the twentieth century. Civil disobedience as a powerful tool to fight the social and political injustices was first forwarded by Henry David Thoreau, an American philosopher and writer, in his acclaimed essay “On the Duty of Civil Disobedience” published in 1849. Though Thoreau’s practice of this idea transported significant changes while fighting the unjust American Government in his time, the power and significance of civil disobedience was fully realized after Mahatma Gandhi practiced it to fight the powerful British Empire in Africa and India. Though it seemed in the outset almost impossible to defy such a powerful enemy without using weapons or any other means of violence, Gandhian struggle surprised the world with the notion that the peaceful protest done in the ground of morality and truth has an immense power in comparison to physical force. This political theory of Gandhi provides us with the way to see and arbitrate conflict in the moral ground. His vision also provides us a realistic understanding of socio-political issues than any other conflict resolution theories of the contemporary time.
Immunopathogenesis of COVID-19: Looking into the Eye of the Cytokine Storm
Authors: Hamal Deependra , Nayak Niranjan , Shrestha Rajani , Bhatta Daya Ram , Parajuli Sulochana , Gokhale Shishir
Published: May 2022

N/A
Profile of Cancer Patients Attending Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Sherchan Rishi Kumar , Koirala Krishna Prasad , Batajoo Ashim
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Due to the SARS COVID-19 pandemic, cancer services were suspended worldwide. The cancer patients were at high risk of getting SARS-COV-Infection due to their immunocompromised condition.

Methods: This was a single-institution retrospective quantitative study carried out from 1st May 2020 to 30th October 2020 at the Oncology Department of Manipal Teaching Hospital during the early COVID 19 pandemic for 6 months.

Results: In total 339 patients were seen in a period of 6 months. Male patients were 212 (62.5 %) and female were 127 (37.4%). The most common cancer in our study was lung 47 (13.9%), breast 32 (9.4%), colorectal 30 (8.8%), and stomach carcinoma 21 (6.2%) respectively.

Conclusion: Though in this hard time of Pandemic, there was a substantial increase in cancer patients, and all of them were managed thoroughly.
Evaluation of variation of portal vein branching pattern on Multidetector Computed Tomography in adult population
Authors: Adhikari Kapil , Devkota Karun , Koirala Sapana
Published: May 2022

Introduction: The main aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of main and right portal vein variation in study population and evaluate their branching patterns on abdominal CT.
Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was carried out in Department of Radiology, BPKIHS over a period of 6 months after taking ethical approval from institutional review committee. 375 cases referred for abdominal CT for various indications were included in the study.
Results: Classic main portal vein branching pattern (Type 1) was identified in 305 (81.3%) cases. Main portal vein branching variations were identified in 70 (18.7 %) cases of which most common variation was trifurcation pattern (Type 2) seen in 48 (12.8%) cases followed by  right posterior portal vein as first branch of main portal vein (Type 3) seen in 21 (5.6%) cases. Out of 305 cases with Type 1 branching pattern, classic branching pattern of right portal vein was noted in 285 (93.4%) cases. Right portal vein variations were identified in 20 (6.5%) cases. Common variations of right portal vein noted in our study were early origin of segment VlI branch from right portal vein seen in 5 cases (1.6%), early origin of segment VI branch from right portal vein seen in 4 (1.3%) cases and quadrifurcation pattern seen in 3 cases (0.98%).
Conclusion:  Prevalence of portal vein variations is high on routine abdominal CT scans. Knowledge about branching patterns of these variations can be useful to reduce liver injury and complications during hepatic surgeries and interventions.
Hot Cross Bun Sign- A Case Series
Authors: Sheetal Sasikumar , Thomas Reji
Published: May 2022

Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is an adult onset, sporadic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder. It is an alpha synucleinopathy and the presentations include parkinsonism, cerebellar ataxia and autonomic symptoms in varying combinations. The two clinical phenotypes recognized are parkinsonian variant (MSA-P) and the cerebellar variant (MSA-C). Since many of the clinical features overlap with Parkninson’s disease, it is often misdiagnosed as Parkinson’s disease in the early stages. Since MSA is a progressive disorder with poor prognosis, it is important for the treating physician to recognize this entity and provide prognostication. MRI brain may help in differentiating between these two and an important radiological sign in MSA-c is the ‘Hot cross bun’ sign. It refers to the cruciform T2 hyperintense signal on axial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pons. We hereby report two patients who presented with progressive slowness in waking, ataxia, pyramidal signs and orthostatic hypotension, whose MRI brain showed the characteristic hot cross bun sign.
Retrospective Study of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Findings in Pott’s Spine
Authors: Sharma Bishwanath , Panta Om Biju , Thapa Bikash Raj , Thapa Prakash , Khadka Tirthendra
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Skeletal tuberculosis accounts for approximately two percent of all infected tuberculosis (TB). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) due to its inherent soft tissue contrast is a very good tool to diagnose the condition and look for its extent and deformities. This study aims to study the MRI findings in a patient with diagnosed case of spinal tuberculosis.
Methods: The study was carried out in a referral diagnostic imaging center in western Nepal. All MRI studies of the spine performed in a patient with diagnosed spinal tuberculosis during the study period were included in the study. Patients lacking microbiological or pathological diagnoses of spinal tuberculosis were excluded from the study.
Results: A total of 70 patients were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 45.6 ± 16.8 years. All patients in the study had a spondylodiscitis pattern of involvement. Single intervertebral disc and adjacent vertebrae were involved in 85.7% and multiple contiguous vertebrae and IV discs were involved in 14.3% of cases. Gibbus deformity was seen in 17.1% of cases. Pre/paravertebral and Epidural collections were seen in 95.7% and 72.9% of patients respectively, whereas psoas abscess was seen in 28.6% of patients. Cord compression with myelopathy was seen in 8.6% of patients. Involvement of posterior elements was seen in 27.1% of patients.
Conclusion: MRI is an excellent tool to see the extent, deformity, and abscess in spinal tuberculosis. Most patients with tuberculosis present late with collections and deformities.
High Resolution Computed Tomography findings and Computed Tomography severity index in COVID-19 Infection Correlated with Age and Gender
Authors: Sharma Prakash , KC Subash , Gyawali Merina , Karki Dipesh , Shrestha Ashish , Pun Benju Tilija , Pokhrel Amrit
Published: May 2022

Introduction: The new coronavirus disease -19 (COVID-19) is caused by SARS-CoV2 strain of coronavirus. The Computed tomography (CT) severity index is a scoring system used to assess the lung changes and involvement by COVID-19 based on approximate estimation of pulmonary involved areas. This study was done to identify the spectrum of CT chest findings and CT severity index in COVID-19 infection and its correlation with age and gender.

Methods: Patients with COVID-19 infection with positive PCR results and positive pulmonary CT findings were included in the study. All these patients underwent high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest. The CT scan severity score in all of these patients was calculated and the results were analyzed by SPSS version 21.

Results: A total of 104 patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection were included in this study. There were 59 males (56.73%) and 45 females (43.3%) in this study. There was a higher chest severity score in males compared to females. However, there was no significant correlation between the age and CT chest severity score.

Conclusion: HRCT chest can help in the early identification of the patients who need intensive care. Early admission and intensive care of the patients with high CT severity scores may help to reduce the mortality of COVID-19 patients.
Comparison of Relative Flux Density of Procyon in Visible Band
Authors: Subedi Bimal , Nepal Sameer , Shrestha Ocean
Published: May 2022

We present the photometric analysis of Procyon in FITS format using Aladin 9.0 by studying the luminous flux collected by a 16 inch Meade LX200GPS Schmidt-Cassegrain telescope placed at B.P. Koirala National Observa¬tory, Nagarkot, Nepal on April 18, 2017. The maximum and minimum diameters along the maximum and minimum flux regions are constructed. A graph is plotted using a Python custom program for the relative flux density along the two diameters. The flux density varies from the region of extremities of the diameters constructed from 0.25 to a peak of 248.50 in the relative unit. A significant bulging towards the north-eastern portion of Procyon is observed. While moving from the region of maximum flux towards the edge of the north-eastern section, we noticed the bulge prominently. The south-western portion and the other two directions do not show much variation. A possible explanation of the result is discussed.
Study of Impact of Meteorological Parameters on Atmospheric Transmittance of Solar Radiation over Jumla
Authors: Shrestha Prakash M. , Chapagain Narayan P. , Karki Indra B. , Poudyal Khem N.
Published: May 2022

This paper reports the variation of atmospheric transmittance with meteorological parameters over Jumla (Lat.29.28° N, Long.:82.16° E and Alt.: 2300 m above sea level) from2011 to 2013 (three years) by using CMP6 pyranometer and satellite data. The trends of monthly and seasonal variations of atmospheric transmittance, solar insolation and clearness index have been analyzed. The result exemplifies that during the study period, average value of global solar radiation, solar insolation and clearness index are 19.26 ±3.88 MJ/m2/day , 4.95 ± 1.14 kWh/m2/day and 0.59 ±0.12 respectively. The average value of atmospheric transmittance during the whole study period is 0.60 ± 0.11. The average value of atmospheric transmittance of ozone, Rayleigh scattering, gas mixture, water vapor and aerosol are 0.9830 ±0.0007, 0.8999 ±0.0178, 0.9875 ± 0.0007, 0.8839 ±0.0101 and 0.7836 ±0.0909 respectively. There is positive correlation of relative sunshine hour and negative correlation of rain fall with atmospheric transmittance. Result of this research work is beneficial for the further analysis of solar radiation at different places improving life of flora and fauna and protecting the whole environment.
Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activities of Extracts of Leaves and Seeds of Carica papaya
Authors: Pokhrel Shanta , Karki Puja
Published: May 2022

The phytochemicals, phenolic, flavonoid contents, and antibacterial, antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of leaves and seeds extract of Carica papaya via Soxhlet extraction were investigated. The phytochemical screening indicated different bioactive compounds such as saponins, alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, polyphenols, steroids, and flavonoids in different extracts. The total phenolic content (TPC) was determined spectrophotometrically by Folin–Ciocalteu reagent method and aluminium chloride reagent to measure total flavonoid content (TFC). TPC was found more in leaf methanol extract (LME) (93.18±0.40 mg GAE/g) than that in seed methanol extract (SME) (89.14±0.45 mg GAE/g). Comparatively, the flavonoid content was found more in LME (18.85±0.061 mgQE/g) than in SME (16.64±0.065 mgQE/g). The antioxidant activity was assessed for LME and SME by DPPH radical scavenging activity and IC50 values. The IC50 values of LME and SME were 43.54±0.007 and 15.48±0.13µg/mL, respectively. Thus, seeds methanol extract showed better antioxidant activity than leaves methanol extract. The antidiabetic assay was performed via α- amylase inhibition method. Among the selected parts (seeds and leaves), methanol seed extract exhibited high α-amylase inhibition with an IC50 value of 46.99±0.018 µg/mL. The study explored the potential value of Carica papaya in medicinal applications.
The Effect of Online Review on Online Purchase Intention
Authors: Mishra Udgam
Published: May 2022

The primary goal of this research is to examine the effect of online reviews on online purchase intention. The study investigates the influence of review valence, review relevance and review accuracy on the online purchase intention. Cross-sectional data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire from 251 Nepalese from the eastern part. The data were then analyzed using structural equation modeling. Amos 21 was used to analyze the gathered data. The findings reveal that review accuracy has a favorable and significant impact on online purchase intention. Whereas, review valence and review relevance on other hand have no substantial impact on online purchase intention. The work founded on prior research basing review valence, review relevance and review accuracy adds limited but emerging literature on online purchase intention. Marketers and policymakers will be benefited from the findings while designing and implementing different policies to attract people to persuade online purchase.
Impact of Covid-19 pandemic on Hospices (ICoH): Staff Cohort Report
Authors: MacArtney John I. , Fleming Joanna , Eccles Abi , Grimley Catherine , Wesson Helen , Mayland Catriona , Mitchell Sarah , van Langen-Datta Shalene , Driscoll Ruth , Almack Kathryn , Dale Jeremy , Tatnell Lynn , Roberts Lesley
Published: May 2022

This report describes the diversity of experiences of hospice staff who worked in operational roles in hospices in the West Midlands during the Covid-19 pandemic. It is one of four cohort reports – the others focus on patients, carers, and senior managers respectively – that form the evidence base for a Policy Report into the impact of Covid-19 on hospices. In these reports we address the nine key themes that were identified as potentially important in our previous collaborative knowledge synthesis (MacArtney et al., 2021) and seek to address some of the policy gaps we identified in our review of recommendations for hospice practice and policy (van Langen-Datta et al., 2022). Together these outputs are the result of an Economic and Social Research Council funded study (grant number: ES/W001837/1). This is one of the first studies to contribute an in-depth exploration of hospice-based experiences of the pandemic to the growing body of knowledge about the effectiveness and effects of changes to hospice services, at regional and national levels in response to Covid-19.
The aim of this report is therefore to explore the effects the Covid-19 pandemic had on the experiences of hospice staff as they sought to provide care and support to people with life-limiting conditions and those that cared for them so that we can identify recommendations for clinical practice and healthcare policy. Drawing on these findings, this report offers recommendations for hospices and clinicians who continue to provide care and support for people with life limiting conditions and those that care them during the ongoing pandemic. These recommendations will also be of interest to local commissioners who will need to work with hospices in their region to ensure informal carers receive the support they need, and national policymakers who will need to ensure the necessary resources and guidance are available.
Intermediate Space of Andriy Lyubka’s Novel “Your Look, Chio-Chio-san”
Authors: Kohut Tetiana
Published: May 2022

Relevance of the study. In the modern Ukrainian scientific space, intermediality is widely developed in literary studies in various directions. The study of this phenomenon seems to be one of the most relevant and promising areas for musicology, which has a specific analytical toolkit that can reveal the deep meaning of the musical component of the text.

Scientific novelty of research. The novel by the сontemporary Ukrainian author Andrei Lyubka “Your Look, Chio-Chio-san” for the first time becomes the object of musicological research and is considered in the context of intermediality.

Main objective of the study – to consider the intermedial space of Andriy Lyubka’s novel “Your Look, Chio-Chio-san”, revealing in it different levels of connections of the verbal text with the opera by G. Puccini.

Methodology. In the process of identifying literary and musical ties, an intermedia approach that is relevant in modern literary criticism and musicology was used; comparison of various parameters of the opera and the novel led to the use of the comparative method; to consider the musical component and its meaning in the verbal text, the method of intonation analysis was used.

Results and conclusions. In A. Lyubka’s novel “Your Look, Chio-Chio-san” there are various channels of intersection of musical and verbal texts, presented through: figurative plot associationsparallels; musical markers: Chio-Chio-san’s aria “Un bel dì, vedremo” – like a sound trace of the main character; the voice of Maria Callas, woven into the canvas of the text as another means of intermediacy; a detailed description of the performance of the opera, covering the key moments of its drama (characterized by a deep reading of the musical series, in particular – its genre and intonation genesis). Opera by G. Puccini is presented as an extremely important semantic and compositional core of the novel.
Genre as a Musical Sign of the Era in the Novel “Tango of Death” by Yurii Vynnychuk
Authors: Oliinyk Ivanna
Published: May 2022

Relevance of the study. The Ukrainian urban space and the stages of its formation is a promising and one of the most relevant vectors for the study of Ukrainian history. Nevertheless, Ukrainian cities, as centers of the formation of professional art and major cultural trends, still rarely become the subject of scientific research necessary for a holistic understanding of our history. The article deals with the novel by Yurii Vynnychuk, which is dedicated to the history, culture and musical life of the city of Lviv. Insufficient knowledge in the scientific literature of the place and significance of the musical sphere in the heritage of Ukrainian writers, in particular, Yurii Vynnychuk, forms the relevance of this article.

Main objective of the study is to determine the role of musical art in the creativity of Yurii Vynnychuk using the example of the novel “Tango of Death”, to explore the semantics of the tango genre for the author of the novel, and to study and characterize the musical source, which became the central artistic object of the novel “Tango of Death”.

Research methodology. The research methodology includes the use of historical, contextual, sociological, etymological, comparative typological methods, as well as the method of intertextual research.

The results of directorial artifacts. The musical experience of Yurii Vynnychuk and knowledge of the history of Lviv contributed to the diversity of the musical and artistic layers involved in the novel “Tango of Death”. The main place in the novel belongs to the musical composition of the same name “Tango of Death”. Its music becomes an instrument that has the functions of a conductor of the soul with the possibility of its rebirth in the next life. Also, the music of “Tango of Death” appeals to the era itself, for which tango is the leading genre that keeps the memory of the lost generation. The musical prototype of tango in Yurii Vynnychuk's novel is the pre-war Polish hit “To ostatnia niedziela”, created in 1935 by Jerzy Petersburski and Zenon Friedwald. The analysis of the metrical structure of the syllables of the stanzas reveals the coincidence of the structure of the first part of the stanza of Jerzy Petersburgsky's tango with the stanza composed by the author of the novel. This fact may indicate the desire of Yurii Vynnychuk to generalize the image of tango through the references for the genre itself, thanks to the preservation of dance rhythms with its metric repetition. The study of the polyfunctionality of intermedial connections between the artistic text of Yurii Vynnychuk and the musical-intonation sphere of culture opens up new facets of understanding the novel and the entire literary heritage of the author.
Ballet “Chasing Two Hares” by Yuri Shevchenko: Intertextual and Intermedial Contexts
Authors: Zinchenko Veronika
Published: May 2022

The relevance of research. The ballet “Chasing Two Hares” was first investigated from the point of view of intertextual and intermedia connections. Also, for the first time, the analysis of the musical component of the film "Chasing Two Hares" directed by V. Ivanov and composer B. Gomolyaka has been carried out. The parameters of interaction between the ballet “Chasing Two Hares” and the film of the same name at different levels are derived: plot, genre, intonation and drama.

Main objective of the study is to determine the intertextual and intermedia contexts of Y. Shevchenko’s ballet “Chasing Two Hares”.

Research methodology. In the article, the following methods of historical and theoretical musicology were used: historical — to clarify the circumstances of the creation of musical works, comparative — to compare the musical series of the film “Chasing Two Hares” and Y. Shevchenko’s ballet, the method of intertextual analysis — to identify the qualitative indicators of connections between different musical texts, the method of genre-intonation analysis — for the detection of immanent intonational specific features of the named opuses.

The results and conclusions of the study. The concepts of “intertextuality” and “intermediality” in the context of the genre of ballet are defined. The ballet “Chasing Two Hares” by Y. Shevchenko is analyzed from the point of view of its genre and intonation specifics, intertextual and intermedia connections with the film “Chasing Two Hares” directed by V. Ivanov. The musical component of the film, the author of which was V. Gomolyaka, is considered. The main methods of V. Gomolyaka’s work are determined when he creates intonation characteristics of the main characters of the film (Golokhvostov, Pronya) by means of musical expressiveness. Golokhvostov has two contrasting leit-themes, Pronya — one leit-theme, which undergoes intonation changes at the end of the film. The genre and intonation coordinates of the sound landscape of the city of Kyiv have been determined, which V. Gomolyaka reproduces the motley picture of the city of the late 19th and early 20th centuries (church bells, urban folklore, klezmer music, etc.). The intonation and literary genesis of the ballet “Chasing Two Hares” by Y. Shevchenko has been clarified. The parameters of interaction of the film “Chasing Two Hares” with Y. Shevchenko’s ballet are derived: plot (introduction of the heroine Madame), genre (involving the semantics of genres: waltz, march, song, couplets, etc.), intonation (rethinking of sound models by Y. Shevchenko and ideas of V. Gomolyaka). The intertextual and intermedia connections of Y. Shevchenko’s ballet with other literary texts are traced: M Starytsky’s play “Gentleman lip without teeth, or Chasing Two Hares”, I. Nechuy-Levitsky’s play “On Kozhemyaki” and the film “Chasing Two Hares” directed by V. Ivanov and composer V. Gomolyaka. The individual author’s style of the composer is comprehended from the point of view of work in the genre of ballet.
“34 Preludes and Fugs” by Valentin Bibik: nnovative Features in Realization of the Compositional-Dramaturgical Concept of the Great Polyphonic Cycle
Authors: Postovoitova Svetlana
Published: May 2022

Relevance of the article. In 1978, Valentin Savich Bibik completed his work on the monumental polyphonic cycle “34 Preludes and Fugues” opus 16, he began working on it in 1973. This composition is a continuation of the composer’s work in the polyphonic genre: in 1968, the cycle “24 Preludes and Fugues” opus 2 was written, and in 1970 two preludes and fugues opus 7 were written.

A significant motivating factor for a detailed study of the “34 Preludes and Fugues” is the original musical language, the tonal, metro-rhythmic and thematic organization of the cycle. They radically distinguish it from the works of other composers in this genre. The insufficiently studied polyphonic works of Valentin Bibik determine the relevance of this study.

Purpose of the article. To identify innovative features of the implementation of the compositional and dramatic concept in the cycle “34 Preludes and Fugues” by V. Bibik.

Scientific novelty. In studies devoted to "34 Preludes and Fugues" by V. Bibik, the features of the innovations of this cycle (avant-garde techniques, the complexity of the musical language) are only ascertained; the fact of connection with Bach’s traditions is mentioned. The deep processes involved in the formation of the integrity of a large polyphonic means as well as the levels of embodiment of the composer’s concept of the cycle remained hidden behind the descriptive presentation of the fact. The article traces and formulates for the first time the main features of composer innovation in the framework of the compositional and dramatic concept of a large polyphonic cycle.

The research methodology includes the use of systemic and functional methods.

Main results and conclusions. V. Bibik’s “34 Preludes and Fugues” demonstrate an innovative version of the interpretation of the polyphonic cycle, due to the original combination of modern techniques with polyphonic principles and methods of development. The most significant innovations in the cycle are the rejection of the functionally centralized ladotonal system, the original interpretation of metrorhythmic organization and the specifics of the theme, which, in turn, led to significant transformations at all stages of fugue formation. In addition to these features of innovation, the cycle has deep internal connections between the elements, from the moment of creating the theme to the formation of the integrity of the cycle.
Utilização dos relatórios automatizados de alertas de desmatamento na melhoria do processo investigativo criminal ambiental
Authors: Dittmar Herbert , Mrozinski Diogo Ricardo
Published: May 2022

Diante de um quadro onde há cada vez mais restrições de recursos e aumento do índice de desmatamento ilegal no país, buscou-se nas ferramentas de informática a resposta para a análise de milhares de alertas de desmatamento que são produzidos anualmente na Floresta Amazônica. A automatização pode melhorar a gestão e a produtividade, assim, a criação de um Relatório Automatizado de Desmatamento, a partir de alertas de desmatamento obtidos de imagens Planet/Dove de alta resolução espacial e resolução temporal diária, fornece subsídios para a confecção de Informações Policiais e Laudos Periciais com temporaneidade e robustez. No combate aos crimes de desmatamento ilegal e seus correlatos, apenas aumentar o número de agentes de fiscalização e policiais não é capaz de produzir os resultados almejados, além do alto custo operacional. O uso de metodologias que utilizam ferramentas tecnológicas deveria ser uma das principais políticas a serem implementadas pelas polícias e órgãos gestores ambientais. A aceleração do tempo gasto desde o início do processo investigativo criminal até o julgamento, pode diminuir o sentimento de impunidade relacionado aos crimes ambientais no país.
Методика обучения и воспитания младших школьников. Практикум:
Authors: Прокопенко Г.И.
Published: May 2022

Учебно-методическое пособие для студентов направление подготовки 44.03.05.Педагогическое образование (с двумя профилями подготовки). Направленность (профили) «Дошкольное образование» и «Начальное образование»
Ivan Prykhodko — the last of the truly folk village artists
Authors: Avramenko Olesya
Published: May 2022

The article examines the individual style, artistic language and work of People's Artist Ivan Prykhodko. This is done on the basis of a detailed analysis of the artist's work and exhibitions, a series of interviews with him and the study of difficult life conflicts of the folk master. Ivan Prykhodko's work is considered in the context of political and social changes in society during his life, as well as in the light of folk traditions in folklore and art.
Philosophical view of the art of Alexander Shinin
Authors: Zuziak Tetiana
Published: May 2022

The work is devoted to the disclosure of the philosophy of painting of Alexander Shinin, defining its role, place and significance in the socio-cultural space of the modern Podillya region. His creative and artistic-educational activity is also analyzed. The purpose of the work is to reveal the essence of philosophical views on the art of the artist O. Shinin, to characterize the phenomenon of his work. The research methodology is based on the application of culturological and axiological approaches, which focus on the development of research in the context of general philosophical understanding of art and determine the consideration of O. Shinin's painting in close connection with the richness of Ukrainian contemporary art. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that the features of the artist's works are characterized, which has its own concept, philosophy of artistic worldview, which is based on both personal experience and the tasks of art itself. Based on the method of biography, the role of O. Shinin in the formation of higher art education in the region was clarified. The philosophical worldview of the artist-teacher allows him to build his own artistic and educational activities. In the course of the research the author came to the conclusion that the phenomenon of O. Shinin's work is rich in themes, ideas, images and formative means, which together create a qualitative, extraordinary, individual style - the image of philosophical considerations about the values of life. Capable of any creative experiment, destroying stereotypes and rejecting dogmas, while remaining himself, O. Shinin reaches in his work the divine essence of art. Familiarity with the creative work of Alexander Shinin gives grounds to say that the source of energy of this talented man is an unquenchable strength and love for artistic activity, human sincerity and boundless love for his native land.
PERANCANGAN ALAT PEMOTONG BAKSO MENGGUNAKAN SISTEM PENEKAN MANUAL KAPASITAS 0,8 KG UNTUK INDUSTRI RUMAH TANGGA
Authors: Saragih Albert Daniel , Hamidi Ahmad Fauzi , Henny Sckolastika Ninien
Published: May 2022

Usaha penjualan bakso dari waktu ke waktu mengalami peningkatan pesanan dari konsumen, sehingga pembuatan produksi bakso mengalami kenaikan permintaan dari masyarakat. Keripik bakso goreng atau camilan bakso yang dipotong tipis-tipis yang sering disebut dengan nama basreng, merupakan Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah (UMKM). Salah satu permasalahan dalam UMKM atau industri rumahan tersebut adalah memenuhi permintaan konsumen yang banyak dengan waktu yang efisien. Maka solusi untuk permasalahan tersebut adalah dengan adanya alat pemotong bakso yang menggunakan sistem press manual. Alat pemotong bakso ini memiliki dimensi 840 x 640 x 420 (mm) dengan menggunakan sistem penekan manual dimana tuas sebagai tumpuan utama alat. Bakso diletakan diatas meja yang sudah dipasang pisau pemotong pada bagian bawah meja. Lalu tuas ditekan menggunakan tenaga manusia yang akan mengarahkan pendorong sebagai penekan menuju mata pisau yang sudah dipasang pada bagian bawah meja, dan bakso terpotong menjadi balok-balok tipis dengan ukuran 9x9 mm. Kelebihan alat ini adalah waktu pemotongan bakso dapat menghemat waktu juga dapat dilakukan dengan skala banyak (mass production) dibandingkan dengan pisau dapur