bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perspective: There is plenty of room for magnetic straintronics in the analog domain
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Supriyo
Published: June 2024

Magnetic straintronics made its debut more than a decade ago as an extremely energy-efficient paradigm for implementing a digital switch for digital information processing. The switch consists of a slightly elliptical nano-sized magnetostrictive disk in elastic contact with a poled ultrathin piezoelectric layer (forming a two-phase multiferroic system). Because of the elliptical shape, the nanomagnet’s magnetization has two stable (mutually antiparallel) orientations along the major axis, which can encode the binary bits 0 and 1. A voltage pulse of sub-ns duration and amplitude few to few tens of mV applied across the piezoelectric generates enough strain in the nanomagnet to switch its magnetization from one stable state to the other by virtue of the inverse magnetostriction (or Villari) effect, with an energy expenditure that is roughly an order of magnitude smaller than what it takes to switch a modern-day electronic transistor. That possibility, along with the fact that such a switch is non-volatile unlike the conventional transistor, generated significant excitement. However, it was later tempered by the realization that straintronic switching is also extremely error-prone, which may preclude many digital applications, particularly in Boolean logic. In this perspective, we offer the view that there is plenty of room for magnetic straintronics in the analog domain, which is much more forgiving of switching errors, and where the excellent energy-efficiency and non-volatility are a boon. Analog straintronics can have intriguing applications in many areas, such as a new genre of aggressively miniaturized electromagnetic antennas that defy the Harrington limits on the gain and radiation efficiency of conventional antennas, analog arithmetic multipliers (and ultimately vector matrix multipliers) for non-volatile deep learning networks with very small footprint and excellent energy-efficiency, and relatively high-power microwave oscillators with output frequency in the X-band. When combined with spintronics, analog straintronics can also implement a new type of spin field effect transistor employing quantum materials such as topological insulators, and they have unusual transfer characteristics which can be exploited for analog tasks such as frequency multiplication using just a single transistor. All this hints at a world of new possibilities in the analog domain that deserves serious attention.
Low-coherence semiconductor light sources: devices and applications
Authors: Lu Hang , Alkhazragi Omar , Wang Yue , Almaymoni Nawal , Yan Wenbo , Gunawan Wahyu Hendra , Lin Heming , Park Tae-Yong , Ng Tien Khee , Ooi Boon S.
Published: June 2024

Since the invention of the laser, there have been countless applications that were made possible or improved through exploiting its multitude of unique advantages. Most of these advantages are mainly due to the high degree of coherence of the laser light, which makes it directional and spectrally pure. Nevertheless, many fields require a moderate degree of temporal or spatial coherence, making conventional lasers unsuitable for these applications. This has brought about a great interest in partially coherent light sources, especially those based on semiconductor devices, given their efficiency, compactness, and high-speed operation. Here, we review the development of low-coherence semiconductor light sources, including superluminescent diodes, highly multimode lasers, and random lasers, and the wide range of applications in which they have been deployed. We highlight how each of these applications benefsits from a lower degree of coherence in space and/or time. We then discuss future potential applications that can be enabled using new types of low-coherence light.
Power-modulated reconfigurable nonlinear plasmonic devices without DC power supply and feed circuit
Authors: Cui Wen Yi , Gao Xinxin , Zhang Jingjing , Luo Yu , Cui Tie Jun
Published: June 2024

High-power electromagnetic (EM) waves can directly modulate the parameters of nonlinear varactor diodes through the rectification and Kerr effects without relying on external sources. Based on this principle, we propose a power-modulated reconfigurable nonlinear device based on spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) waveguide loaded by varactor diodes, without applying DC power supply or feed circuit. Increasing the input power level reduces the effective capacitance of the varactor diode, leading to a blueshift in the cutoff frequency of the SSPP waveguide. This feature can be employed to realize the switching on/off of the input signal depending on the signal power. On the other hand, the transmission state of a low-power signal can be controlled by inputting another independent high-power EM wave simultaneously. Increasing the power of the control wave will enable the low-power signal within a wider bandwidth switched from off to on states. Experimental results are presented to show the excellent performance of the power-modulated reconfigurable SSPP device. This method can reduce the system complexity and provide inspiration for reconfigurable all-passive multifunctional devices and systems.
A multispectral 3D live organoid imaging platform to screen probes for fluorescence guided surgery
Authors: Jeremiasse Bernadette , van Ineveld Ravian L , Bok Veerle , Kleinnijenhuis Michiel , de Blank Sam , Alieva Maria , Johnson Hannah R , van Vliet Esmée J , Zeeman Amber L , Wellens Lianne M , Llibre-Palomar Gerard , Barrera Román Mario , Di Maggio Alessia , Dekkers Johanna F , Oliveira Sabrina , Vahrmeijer Alexander L , Molenaar Jan J , Wijnen Marc HWA , van der Steeg Alida FW , Wehrens Ellen J , Rios Anne C
Published: June 2024

Achieving complete tumor resection is challenging and can be improved by real-time fluorescence-guided surgery with molecular-targeted probes. However, pre-clinical identification and validation of probes presents a lengthy process that is traditionally performed in animal models and further hampered by inter- and intra-tumoral heterogeneity in target expression. To screen multiple probes at patient scale, we developed a multispectral real-time 3D imaging platform that implements organoid technology to effectively model patient tumor heterogeneity and, importantly, healthy human tissue binding.
The role of microglia in the development of diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Quiriconi Pialuisa , Hristov Vanco , Aburaya Mayu , Greferath Una , Jobling Andrew I. , Fletcher Erica L.
Published: June 2024

Diabetic retinopathy is a vision-threatening disease and remains the most feared complication for those living with diabetes. Historically, the disease has been considered primarily vascular in nature, based on clinically detectable vascular pathology. Nonetheless, it is now recognized that the retina undergoes a variety of cellular changes from the early onset of diabetes. In fact, one of the earliest changes to occur is a loss in vasoregulation, yet our understanding of the underlying mechanisms is lacking. Microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, perform a range of physiological, non-inflammatory functions to maintain retinal homeostasis which includes surveying the microenvironment to constantly monitor tissue health, neuronal surveillance to maintain synaptic integrity and vasoregulation, a recently discovered role that these cells additionally perform. The role of microglia in the development of diabetic retinopathy is well-established, centered around their contribution to inflammation which remains an integral component in disease pathogenesis, particularly in later stages of disease. However, recent findings reveal that early in the development of diabetes the vasoregulatory function of microglia is dysfunctional, leading to early vascular compromise. This review summarizes recent work to highlight how microglia are affected by diabetes and the implications of these changes in the development of diabetic retinopathy from pre-clinical to advanced stages of disease.
Gut microbiota metabolism disturbance is associated with postoperative atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Liu Yuhua , Du Zhiyong , Lu Yingyuan , Ma Ying , Yang Yunxiao , Osmanaj Florian , Zhang Yifan , Guo Xiaoyu , Qin Yanwen , Yang Xiubin , Hua Kun
Published: June 2024

Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a common complication after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. Gut microbiota and its metabolites have been implicated in the development of AF. However, whether the gut–host metabolic interaction contributes to POAF is still unknown. This study aimed to investigate the POAF-associated gut microbiota metabolism biomarkers and related risk model. The POAF (N = 30) patients and non-POAF (N = 60) patients from the discovery cohort exhibited significantly different microbiome and metabolome profiles. The differentiated features were mainly implicated in the bile acids (BAs) and short-chain fatty acids metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Random forest analysis identified the combination of five secondary BAs showed a powerful performance on predicting POAF in the discovery cohort, highlighting significant values of area under the curve (AUC = 0.954) and correct classification rate (CCR, 93.3%). In addition, the five secondary BAs-based risk model also exhibited good performance in differentiating the POAF (N = 114) and non-POAF individuals (N = 253) in an independent validation cohort (AUC = 0.872; CCR = 90.4%). This work revealed perturbed microbial and metabolic traits in POAF, providing potential avenues for the prediction and prevention of POAF after CABG.
Fluorescent, phosphorescent, magnetic resonance contrast and radioactive tracer labelling of extracellular vesicles
Authors: Wardhani Kartika , Levina Aviva , Grau Georges E. R. , Lay Peter A.
Published: June 2024

This review focusses on the significance of fluorescent, phosphorescent labelling and tracking of extracellular vesicles (EVs) for unravelling their biology, pathophysiology, and potential diagnostic and therapeutic uses.
Measurement of the absorption cross-sections of sulfur compounds in the 180–270 nm region considering nonlinear effects
Authors: Gao Jie , Wu Yongqi , Zhao Shuo , Zhu Rui , Li Mu , Qin Wanyi , Zhang Yucun , Zhang Yungang
Published: June 2024

The ACS obtained from intensity is not constant at finite resolution and is subject to non-linearities. Therefore, it is important to obtain an effective ACS in the low concentration range in order to monitor the concentration of sulfur compounds.
iSERS: from nanotag design to protein assays and ex vivo imaging
Authors: Choi Namhyun , Zhang Yuying , Wang Yuling , Schlücker Sebastian
Published: June 2024

The combination of SERS with immunoglobulins for protein recognition is called immuno-SERS (iSERS). In this review on iSERS, we focus on colloidal SERS nanotags for use in protein assays and ex vivo imaging.
Sustainable nanofiber synthesis from corn protein meal for enhanced vitamin E and curcumin nutrient delivery in food systems
Authors: Mishra Vibhu , Kaur Dalveer , Singh Saumya , Singh Devendra Pratap , Krishania Meena
Published: June 2024

Corn protein meal (corn gluten meal) is a byproduct of the cornstarch industry, and it has low solubility and low bioavailability.
Towards greener batteries: sustainable components and materials for next-generation batteries
Authors: Molaiyan Palanivel , Bhattacharyya Shubhankar , dos Reis Glaydson Simoes , Sliz Rafal , Paolella Andrea , Lassi Ulla
Published: June 2024

Greener batteries are an emerging approach for sustainable environments and a promising technology for future batteries. In this review, we discuss the main issues to fully achieve the potential of batteries with greener approaches.
Point-of-care diagnostic devices for periodontitis – current trends and urgent need
Authors: Griffith Alexandra , Chande Charmi , Kulkarni Sahitya , Morel Josuel , Cheng Yu-Hsuan , Shimizu Emi , Cugini Carla , Basuray Sagnik , Kumar Vivek
Published: June 2024

Critical review of point of care devices in oral care.
The sustainability onion: a panoramic view of a parent concept, its paths, and progeny
Authors: Aryee Raphael
Published: June 2024

This study presents a comprehensive sustainability framework, showing the concept's different sides or perspectives and its derivatives.
Recent advances in AIEgen-based chemosensors for small molecule detection, with a focus on ion sensing
Authors: Asthana Surabhi , Mouli M. S. S. Vinod , Tamrakar Arpna , Wani Manzoor Ahmad , Mishra Ashutosh Kumar , Pandey Rampal , Pandey Mrituanjay D.
Published: June 2024

Since the aggregation-based emission (AIE) phenomenon emerged in 2001, numerous chemical designs have been built around the AIE concept, displaying its utility for diverse applications, including optics, electronics, energy, and biosciences.
A proximity ligation hybridization triggered structure-switching based signal amplification strategy for sensitive and accurate exosome detection
Authors: Yang Wendi , Yang Jing , Zhou Na , Wang Yali
Published: June 2024

Exosomes have significant functions in intercellular communication, as well as in tumor migration and invasion.
Macrocyclization of carbon dioxide with 3-triflyloxybenzynes and tetrahydrofuran: straightforward access to 14-membered macrolactones
Authors: Liu Hongjian , Jiang Huanfeng , Qi Chaorong
Published: June 2024

A novel macrocyclization of carbon dioxide with 3-triflyloxybenzynes and tetrahydrofuran leading to a rare type of 14-membered macrolactone is reported.
Defect compensation and intervalence charge transfer state-based Pr3+-doped niobate antithermal quenching phosphors
Authors: Yang Chunwei , Xin Yanmei , Liu Jianxia , Zhao Yuefeng , Ouyang Ruizhuo , Guo Ning
Published: June 2024

The substitution of Sr2+/Ca2+ leads to defects and disorder in the Sr2−xCaxNb2O7:Pr3+ crystal, thus realizing the regulation of trap and intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) states, and further improving the phosphor thermal stability.
Dual-additive-based electrolyte design for aqueous zinc ion batteries with high plating/stripping efficiency
Authors: Li Le , Xie Yihua , Yao Menglei , Cao Rui , Mai Xinyu , Ji Yun , Chen Long , Dong Xiaoli , Xia Yongyao
Published: June 2024

A dual-additive-based aqueous electrolyte was designed with a pH-buffering additive (Zn(OAc)2) and an electrostatic shielding additive (TMAOAc), achieving high Zn plating/stripping efficiency of 99.9%.
The effect of molecular shape and pore structure on local and nanoscale cresol behaviour in commercial zeolite catalysts
Authors: Morton K. S. C. , Porter A. J. , Armstrong J. , O'Malley A. J.
Published: June 2024

Experimental and theoretical methods reveal how molecular shape, framework topology, and acid site interactions affect molecule dynamics in zeolite catalysts.
Bifunctional catalyst Ga2O3-mZrO2/SAPO-34 for CO2 hydrogenation: Ga2O3-mZrO2 improving light olefins
Authors: Lv Xia , Cheng Denghui , Shou Xiaoke , Liu Jichang , Xu Haitao
Published: June 2024

This study synthesized Ga2O3-mZrO2/SAPO-34 for CO2 hydrogenation to light olefins, demonstrating the efficacy of citric acid complexation and mZrO2 support. Achieving 84.1% C2=–C4= selectivity, it offers a novel strategy for active oxide preparation.
Loading and thermal behaviour of ZIF-8 metal–organic framework-inorganic glass composites
Authors: Chester Ashleigh M. , Castillo-Blas Celia , Sajzew Roman , Rodrigues Bruno P. , Lampronti Giulio I. , Sapnik Adam F. , Robertson Georgina P. , Mazaj Matjaž , Irving Daniel J. M. , Wondraczek Lothar , Keen David A. , Bennett Thomas D.
Published: June 2024

This article describes the synthesis of composites comprising ZIF-8 and an inorganic phosphate glass, 20Na2O-10NaCl-70P2O5.
A novel porphyrin MOF catalyst for efficient conversion of CO2 with propargyl amines
Authors: Zhang Zhitao , Shen Kesheng , Zhang Qian , Duan Chunying , Jing Xu
Published: June 2024

Porous coordination polymers were used as catalysts to combine thermal catalysis and copper catalysis to realize carbon dioxide cycloaddition reactions.
Construction of a series of pH stable Ca-based MOFs, their CO2 adsorption and catalytic activity
Authors: Bhattacharjee Sudip , Chakraborty Tonmoy , Banerjee Soumadip , Das Abhijit K. , Bhaumik Asim
Published: June 2024

A series of Ca-based MOFs have been synthesized. Their detailed crystal structures are analysed and they show good catalytic activity for the alcoholysis of epoxides.
A novel Cu(i)-based coordination polymer for efficient photocatalytic oxidation of C(sp3)–H bonds
Authors: Deng Jiangtao , Huang Huilin , Li Zhentao , Jing Xu , Duan Chunying
Published: June 2024

The oxidation of C(sp3)–H bonds was achieved under mild conditions using a cuprous-ion-based coordination polymer as photocatalyst.
Reactivities of phosphaalkynes towards diverse bis-silylenes
Authors: Sun Xiaofei , Jin Da , Maier Stefanie , Hinz Alexander , Roesky Peter W.
Published: June 2024

The reactivity between different bis-silylenes and the phosphaalkyne tBuCP was investigated, which has expanded the synthetic possibilities of Si–P-containing heterocycles.
Filter prepared from Janus-like graphene oxide nanosheets with heterogeneous nanochannels for highly efficient dye removal
Authors: Song Yingkun , Zhang Zejun , Yang Hongsheng , Luan Xin , Zhang Jianming , Wei Gang
Published: June 2024

A Janus graphene oxide filter with heterogeneous nanochannels exhibits a high interception rate and water flux towards dye removal.
Constructing polyamide/ceramic composite membranes for highly efficient and selective separation of dyes and salts from solution
Authors: Zang Yujie , Yan Linlin , Yang Tieying , Wang Kai , Zhang Yingjie , Drioli Enrico , Ma Jun , Li Yonggang , Ji Shanshan , Cheng Xiquan
Published: June 2024

The modified composite membrane had both good hydrophilicity and strong positive charge, breaking through the trade-off effect.
Gut microbiota and d-ribose mediate the anti-colitic effect of punicalagin in DSS-treated mice
Authors: Liu Huanhuan , Yan Chunhong , Teng Yue , Guo Jian , Liang Chencheng , Xia Xiaodong
Published: June 2024

Punicalagin alleviates DSS-induced colitis in mice through modulating gut microbiota and metabolites, with d-ribose playing an important role.
On-demand drug delivery bioelectronics through a water-processable low dimensional highly conductive MXene layer
Authors: Kwon Hyeok-jin , Wu Yizhang , Li Yuan , Yuan Gongkai , Lopez Rene , Huang Ke , Bai Wubin
Published: June 2024

Water-processable MXene layer applied to microneedle toward on-demand drug delivery bioelectronics.
Synthesis, properties and biomedical perspective on vitrimers – challenges & opportunities
Authors: Kaur Gagandeep , Kumar Pawan , Sonne Christian
Published: June 2024

A novel class of crosslinked materials known as “vitrimers” has recently bridged the real-time gap between the limitations of thermoplastics and thermoset materials for great possibilities of real-world application.
Design and synthesis of phosphoryl-substituted steroidal pyridazines (Pho-STPYRs) as potent estrogen receptor alpha inhibitors: targeted treatment of hormone-dependent breast cancer cells
Authors: Volkova Yulia , Scherbakov Alexander , Dzichenka Yaraslau , Komkov Alexander , Bogdanov Fedor , Salnikova Diana , Dmitrenok Andrey , Sachanka Antos , Sorokin Danila , Zavarzin Igor
Published: June 2024

Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is an important target for the discovery of new therapeutic drugs against hormone-dependent breast cancer.
A non-invasive osteopontin-targeted phase changeable fluorescent nanoprobe for molecular imaging of myocardial fibrosis
Authors: Zhao Xueli , Qin Yuze , Wang Bo , Liu Jiao , Wang Yueyue , Chen Kun , Zhao Jia , Zhang Lanlan , Wu Yuanming , Liu Liwen
Published: June 2024

(A) Synthetic procedures for OPN-targeted nanoparticles (OPN@PFP-DiR NPs) via two step emulsion method and carbodiimide method. (B) Enhanced dual-modal imaging performed by OPN@PFP-DiR NPs via intravenous injection.
Biohybrid materials comprising an artificial peroxidase and differently shaped gold nanoparticles
Authors: Renzi Emilia , Esposito Alessandra , Leone Linda , Chávez Miriam , Pineda Teresa , Lombardi Angela , Nastri Flavia
Published: June 2024

The immobilization of an artificial peroxidase (FeMC6*a) onto gold nanomaterials provides insights into the effect of the support shape on catalytic activity.
Nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots as a support for Ni–Au nanoparticles: efficient electrocatalysts for ethanol and formate fuel cells using hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant
Authors: Chalani Mina , Hosseini Mir Ghasem , Abrari Saeid , Mahmoodi Raana , Yardani Sefidi Pariya , Mohammadi Tahereh , Nichols Richard J.
Published: June 2024

The obtained results from half-cell and single fuel cell configurations confirm the superiority of the Ni1Au1-NGQD electrocatalyst towards the oxidation of both fuels (ethanol and formate) compared to the two other electrocatalysts.
Nanostructured cobalt/copper catalysts for efficient electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction
Authors: Abner Sharon , Chen Aicheng
Published: June 2024

Self-supported Co/Cu nanodendrites with high catalytic activity were designed for electrochemical reduction of CO2. The influences of the composition and structure on their efficiency as well as the reduction reaction mechanism were studied.
Ru doping and interface engineering synergistically boost the electrocatalytic performance of a WP/WP2 nanosheet array for an efficient hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Hu Zhichang , Xiao Zhizhong , Wei Wei , Yang Jian , Huang Xiaoyu , Lu Qingcheng , Chandrasekaran Sundaram , Lu Huidan , Liu Yongping
Published: June 2024

The surface electronic structure and morphology of catalysts have a crucial impact on the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction performance.
Two-color interferometric scattering (iSCAT) microscopy reveals structural dynamics in discrete plasmonic molecules
Authors: Velasco Leslie , Islam Aniqa N. , Kundu Koustav , Oi Aidan , Reinhard Björn M.
Published: June 2024

Velasco et al. apply 405 nm, 445 nm two-color interferometric scattering (iSCAT) microscopy to characterize polyethylene glycol (PEG) tethered dimers of 10 nm and 20 nm Ag NPs and their dimers.
SFox imidates as versatile glycosyl donors for chemical glycosylation
Authors: Damico Alessandra , Shrestha Ganesh , Das Anupama , Stine Keith J. , Demchenko Alexei V.
Published: June 2024

Novel SFox imidates that can be activated with protic acid have been developed and applied to stereocontrolled glycosylation and one-pot glycan synthesis via selective activation.
The discovery of novel imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives as covalent anticancer agents
Authors: Song Qin , Zhang Qianer , Fan Xuejing , Kayaat Fatmata , Lv Ruicheng , Li Jing , Wang Yong
Published: June 2024

Novel imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-based covalent inhibitors were synthesized via the scaffold hopping strategy. In vitro bioactivity assessment concluded that I-11 is a potent and selective KRAS G12C inhibitor.
Flexing with lignin: lignin-based elastomers synthesised from untreated kraft black liquor
Authors: Verdross Philip , Woodward Robert T. , Bismarck Alexander
Published: June 2024

The synthesis and characterisation of a lignin-based elastomer system using lignin-epoxy-resins is presented.
Coating effect of renatured triple-helix lentinan on the morphology and antimicrobial activity of ZnO synthesized by hydrothermal method
Authors: Jia Xuewei , Wu Yihong , Liu Zhiyang , Dai Yuxiang , Li Tianxiao , Gao Mingqi , Xu Chunping
Published: June 2024

The macrocyclic renatured lentinan (r-LNT) can encapsulate the ZnO crystal plane to form spherical ZnONPs with smaller particle size and better antimicrobial activity.
Lithium nitrate salt-assisted CO2 absorption for the formation of corrosion barrier layer on AZ91D magnesium alloy
Authors: Jang Gyoung G. , Jun Jiheon , Keum Jong K. , Su Yi-Feng , Pole Mayur , Niverty Sridhar , Joshi Vineet V.
Published: June 2024

The formation of Mg–Li–C–O barrier layer on AZ91D Mg alloy using LiNO3-assisted thermal CO2 treatment provides a pathway to utilize excessive CO2 for corrosion protection of AZ91D.
Modulating the effective ionic radii of trivalent dopants in ceria using a combination of dopants to improve catalytic efficiency for the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Das Debarati , Prakash Jyoti , Bandyopadhyay Anisha , Balhara Annu , Goutam U. K. , Acharya Raghunath , Gupta Santosh K. , Sudarshan Kathi
Published: June 2024

Matching effective ionic radii of trivalent dopants with the host through judicious choice of dopants and codopants has emerged as a smarter strategy for improving OER catalytic activity of ceria than individual ion doping.
Large negative differential conductance and its transformation in a single radical molecule
Authors: Tang Xiangqian , Wang Wenyu , Tang Haitao , Wang Muyu , Ye Xia , Hao Dong , Zhang Jinyu , Shan Xinyan , Lu Xinghua
Published: June 2024

Transformation between valley-shaped negative differential conductance and peak-shaped positive differential conductance is observed in a single molecule. A large conductance change due to adsorption geometry of the molecules is also unveiled.
Synergistic meso-β regulation of porphyrins: squeezing the band gap into the near-infrared I/II region
Authors: Qu Chulin , Gong Xinxin , Sun Yufen , Gao Hu , Cai Fangjian , Zhao Yue , Wu Fan , Shen Zhen
Published: June 2024

A dual meso/β-substituent regulation strategy is reported for effective energy-gap narrowing of porphyrins. The complexes of meso-alkynyl naphthoporphyrins exhibit remarkable red-shifted near-infrared absorption/emission ranging from 800 to 1400 nm.
Photocarrier tunneling triggering CO2 photocatalysis
Authors: Yan Xian , Yuan Meng , Yuan Ya-Long , Su Peng , Chen Qing , Xiao Fang-Xing
Published: June 2024

Insulating polymer is harnessed as an unexpected electron tunneling mediator to boost interfacial charge migration and separation over transition metal chalcogenides for significantly enhanced solar-to-syngas conversion.
Construction of hydrocarbon belts based on macrocyclic arenes
Authors: Fan Guangtan , Zhang Zhi , Wang Guangguo , Shao Li , Hua Bin , Huang Feihe
Published: June 2024

Recent advancements in the synthesis of hydrocarbon belts based on readily available unstrained macrocyclic arenes are summarized in this review.
Fast, efficient, narrowband room-temperature phosphorescence from metal-free 1,2-diketones: rational design and the mechanism
Authors: Tani Yosuke , Miyata Kiyoshi , Ou Erika , Oshima Yuya , Komura Mao , Terasaki Morihisa , Kimura Shuji , Ehara Takumi , Kubo Koki , Onda Ken , Ogawa Takuji
Published: June 2024

Fast room-temperature phosphorescence with high quantum yields up to 38% in solution from metal-free organic 1,2-diketones is reported, along with the mechanism and molecular design principles governing the fast phosphorescence.
Advancements in flame-retardant strategies for lithium–sulfur batteries: from mechanisms to materials
Authors: Liu Jian , Yuan Hairui , Chen Lei , Yuan Yehui , Yanilmaz Meltem , He Jin , Liu Yong , Zhang Xiangwu
Published: June 2024

Due to their extraordinary theoretical energy density, high specific capacity, and environment-friendly nature, lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) have been considered the most promising candidates for energy storage.
In-depth exploration of the effect mechanisms of various lithium salt anions in solid-state and liquid lithium metal batteries
Authors: Pan Yanrui , Yu Hao , Zhang Yan , Wang Zhaokun , Wang Su , Li Chen , Ma Yue , Shi Xixi , Zhang Hongzhou , Song Dawei , Zhang Lianqi
Published: June 2024

Lithium salts exert a great influence on the electrochemical performance of lithium metal batteries.
Germanium doping effect on the photoelectronic performance of alternating cations in the interlayer space GA(MA)3(Pb1−xGex)3I10
Authors: Sun Ping-Ping , Yuan Shuai , Chi Weijie , Cai Guilong
Published: June 2024

The pivotal role of Ge doping is found in finely adjusting the bandgap, enhancing carrier mobility, and improving optical-electronic properties and photovoltaic response.
In situ architecting amorphous manganese oxide/MXene heterostructure electrode with fast ion transport and structural stability in aqueous Zn–Mn batteries
Authors: Song Yang , Zhan Wang , Wu Zhihao , Chen Qizhi , Chen Xiaohua , Liu Zuohua , Du Jun , Tao Changyuan , Zhang Qian
Published: June 2024

An in situ constructed a-MnO2/Ti3C2F heterojunction combines the advantages of 2D layered and amorphous structures, providing abundant ion diffusion channels that facilitate rapid Zn ion diffusion and the reversible formation of ZSH.
Transparent and colour-neutral luminescent solar concentrators using bright Eu3+ supramolecular cages towards photovoltaic windows
Authors: Motta Irene , Bottaro Gregorio , Rando Maria , Rancan Marzio , Seraglia Roberta , Armelao Lidia
Published: June 2024

Colourless luminescent solar concentrators based on highly efficient Eu3+ luminophores are reported as potential building integrated photovoltaic materials endowed with market-level aesthetic quality and remarkable UV blocking properties.
Hydrate catalysts enabled the self-reconstruction of NiMoO4 for efficient water oxidation
Authors: Wang Jianmin , Zhao Hongyu , Zhang Hao , Huang Haitao , Huang Ruoyu , Li Haijin , Cai Jiajia , Li Yongtao , Liu Xiaofang , Deng Xiaolong
Published: June 2024

Herein, a simple electrochemical activation etching strategy has been demonstrated to regulate the surface reconstruction of NiMoO4 by varying hydrate/anhydrous molybdate pre-catalysts.
Emerging microelectronic microneedles (eMN) for biomedical applications
Authors: Zhou Shu , Zhou Qian , Li Xin , Gao Bingbing
Published: June 2024

As emerging medical tool microneedles have attracted significant attention since puncture the skin noninvasively and painlessly, facilitating tasks such as physiological monitoring, disease diagnosis, and transdermal drug delivery.
Enhanced NIR optical properties of a single-site-occupied ultra-broadband InNbTiO6:Cr3+ phosphor at 965 nm through Ga3+ doping
Authors: Xing Xiaole , Wang Yining , Yu Lingkang , Sun Yixin , Shang Mengmeng
Published: June 2024

Replacing In3+ with Ga3+ enhances the optical characteristics of an ultra-broadband In1−xNbTiO6:xCr3+ NIR phosphor rendering it applicable in spectral analysis applications.
Revisiting the role of cosmic-ray driven Alfvén waves in pre-existing magnetohydrodynamic turbulence
Authors: Sergio Cerri Silvio
Published: June 2024

Context. Alfvén waves (AWs) excited by the cosmic-ray (CR) streaming instability (CRSI) are a fundamental ingredient for CR confinement. The effectiveness of such self-confinement relies on a balance between the CRSI growth rate and the damping mechanisms acting on quasi-parallel AWs excited by CRs. One relevant mechanism is called turbulent damping, in which an AW packet injected in pre-existing turbulence undergoes a cascade process due to its nonlinear interaction with fluctuations of the background.

Aims. The turbulent damping of an AW packet in pre-existing magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence is re-examined, revised, and extended to include the most recent theories of MHD turbulence that account for dynamic alignment and reconnection-mediated regimes. The case in which the role of feedback of CR-driven AWs on pre-existing turbulence is important is also discussed.

Methods. The Elsässer formalism is employed. Particular attention is given to the role of a nonlinearity parameter χw that estimates the strength of the nonlinear interaction between CR-driven AW packets and the background fluctuations. We point out the difference between χw and the parameter χz that instead describes the intrinsic strength of nonlinear interactions between pre-existing fluctuations. Turbulent damping rates of quasi-parallel AW packets and cosmic-ray feedback (CRF) are derived within this formalism.

Results. When the strength of the nonlinear interaction is properly taken into account, we find that (i) the turbulent damping rate of quasi-parallel AWs in sub-Alfvénic turbulence depends on the background-fluctuation amplitude to the third power, and hence is strongly suppressed; (ii) the dependence on the AW’s wavelength (and thus on the CR gyro-radius from which it is excited) is different from what has been previously obtained; and (iii) when dynamic alignment of cascading fluctuations and the possibility of a reconnection-mediated range is included in the picture, the turbulent damping rate exhibits novel regimes and breaks. Finally, a criterion for CRF is derived and a simple phenomenological model of CR-modified scaling of background fluctuations is provided.
Asymptotic Behaviour of Univariate and Multivariate Absorption Distributions
Authors: Vamvakari Malvina
Published: June 2024

In this work we study the asymptotic behaviour of univariate, bivariate and multivariate absorption discrete q-distributions. Specifically, the pointwise convergence of the univariate absorption distribution to a deformed Gaussian distribution is established. Also, the pointwise convergence of the bivariate and multivariate absorption distributions to bivariate and multivariate deformed Gaussian ones respectively, are established Moreover, interesting applications of the asymptotic behaviour of univariate and multivariate absorption processes are presented.
Overview of the establishment and uses of Ricinodendron heudelotii (Euphorbiaceae): focus on the central and southern regions of Ivory Coast
Authors: Nikiema Diakaridja , Mouloungui Zéphirin , Oi Koua Koua , Sandjon Bertrand , Raynaud Christine , Cerny Muriel , Fabre Jean-François , Merah Othmane , Lacroux Éric , Adjou Ané , Valentin Romain
Published: June 2024

Ricinodendron heudelotii (Baill.) Pierre ex Heckel is a plant species present in the high-biodiversity areas of Central, West and East Africa. It has a considerable potential for development as a non-timber forest product (NTFP). The crushed seeds of this species have traditionally been used by local populations and those of certain large African cities as a spice or thickening agent for foods. In the face of strong and potentially growing demand, not only for nutritional purposes but also for new outlets, efforts are being made in Ivory Coast to domesticate this species with a view to increasing production. A number of actions are underway for the development of R. heudelotii: improvement of its availability; development of seed and kernel production; creation of markets for the seeds and their proteins and oil; development of industrial uses of this oil. This study carried out an inventory of R. heudelotii cultivation in Ivory Coast, and highlighted the levers available for promoting its integration into the economy of the country. The development of outlets for the kernels, oil and proteins of R. heudelotii, the improvement and control of product quality, and the modernization of seed crushing and oil extraction methods are essential conditions for increasing production and for the structuring and expansion of the market. This contributes to both the economic development of this crop and those involved in its cultivation — local communities, and women in particular — and the preservation of the environment through the development of an activity favoring regeneration and sustainable forest protection.
A bootstrap data envelopment analysis model with stochastic reducible outputs and expandable inputs: an application to power plants
Authors: Amirteimoori Alireza , Allahviranloo Tofigh , Cezar Asunur
Published: June 2024

Clean production of electricity is not only cost-effective but also effective in reducing pollutants. Toward this end, the use of clean fuels is strongly recommended by environmentalists. Benchmarking techniques, especially data envelopment analysis, are an appropriate tool for measuring the relative efficiency of firms with environmental pollutants. In classic data envelopment analysis models, decision-makers are faced with production processes in which reducible inputs are used to produce expandable outputs. In this contribution, we consider production processes when the input and output data are given in stochastic form and some throughputs are reducible and some others are expandable. A stochastic directional distance function model is proposed to calculate the relative technical efficiency of firms. In order to evaluate firm-specific technical efficiency, we apply bootstrap DEA. We first calculate the technical efficiency scores of firms using the classic DEA model. Then, the double bootstrap DEA model is applied to determine the impact of explanatory variables on firm efficiency. To demonstrate the applicability of the procedure, we present an empirical application wherein we employ power plants.
Nodale Metastasierung und Stellenwert der Neck Dissection bei T1/2-Oro- und Hypopharynxkarzinomen
Authors: Deuß Eric , Kürten Cornelius H.L. , Meyer Moritz , Buhr Christoph Raphael , Künzel Julian , Ernst Benjamin , Mattheis Stefan , Lang Stephan , Hussain Timon
Published: June 2024

Hintergrund Die Indikation zur elektiven Neck Dissection (END) bei Patienten mit T1/2-Plattenepithelkarzinomen des Hypopharynx (HPSCC) und Oropharynx (OPSCC) wird nicht einheitlich gestellt. In der vorliegenden Studie erfolgte daher eine detaillierte Analyse des Metastasierungsverhaltens von HPSCC und OPSCC.

Material und Methoden Es erfolgte eine multizentrische retrospektive Analyse des nodalen Metastasierungsverhaltens und der onkologischen Parameter von 262 chirurgisch therapierten HPSCC- und OPSCC-Patienten. Zudem erfolgte eine systematische Literaturrecherche.

Ergebnisse Bei HPSCC-Patienten lag in 62,1% der Fälle eine Diskrepanz zwischen klinischem und pathologischem N-Status vor, bei OPSCC in 52,4% (p16-) bzw. 43,6% (p16+). Die okkulte Metastasierungsrate in den Primärtumorstadien T1/2 lag dabei bei 38,9% für HPSCC und bei 17,8% (p16-) und 11,1% (p16+) für OPSCC. Bei HPSCC traten in den Stadien cT1/2cN0 in 22,2% der Fälle kontralaterale Metastasen auf; die Rate bei OPSCC lag bei lediglich 9,1% (p16-) bzw. 0% (p16+). Patienten mit p16-positiven OPSCC wiesen ein besseres rezidivfreies und Gesamtüberleben auf als p16-negative OPSCC- und HPSCC-Patienten. Ein direkter Zusammenhang zwischen Patientenüberleben und Ausmaß der chirurgischen Therapie des Halses ließ sich nicht nachweisen.

Schlussfolgerung Patienten mit HPSCC weisen ab Stadium cT1/2cN0 ein hohes Risiko für okkulte Halslymphknotenmetastasen auf, welches die Durchführung einer beidseitigen END rechtfertigt. Bei Patienten mit T1/2cN0-OPSCC manifestieren sich ipsilateral in >20% der Fälle okkulte Metastasen; das Risiko für eine kontralaterale okkulte Metastasierung liegt jedoch bei <10%, sodass bei streng lateralisierten Tumoren ein Verzicht auf die kontralaterale Neck Dissection erwogen werden kann.
His-Tagging: Exploring Precise Chemical Modification of Histidine-Containing Bioactive Peptide Sequences
Authors: Chatterjee Sourav , Paul Bishwajit , Shanker Govindaswamy
Published: June 2024

The modification of biomolecules, particularly peptides, has garnered considerable attention from researchers, effectively serving as a connection between chemistry and biology. The modification of peptides can facilitate, among others, the generation of peptide drugs, antibody–drug conjugates, and probes for molecular imaging. Herein, we have carefully curated reactions and chemical transformations of bioactive peptide sequences equipped with histidine amino acids that are conducive for biological applications. This Account also highlights strategies for the chemical modification of histidine that might capture the imagination of both peptide researchers and synthetic chemists.

1 Introduction

2 Histidine Modification in Bioactive Peptides and Proteins

3 Remote Bioactive Peptides and Protein Modification Adjacent to Histidine

4 Conclusions and Future Directions
Comparison of Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter (ONSD) Measurements Obtained from USG Before and After Placement of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt in Obstructive Hydrocephalus as a Surrogate Marker for Adequacy of Shunt Function: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Salih M. S. Mohamed , Sethuramachandran Adinarayanan , Bidkar Prasanna Udupi , Dey Ankita , R. Gopikrishnan , Gunasekaran Adethen , Chandar Vivek
Published: June 2024

Introduction Optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) measured using ultrasonography has been widely used as a surrogate marker of elevated intracranial pressure. However, literature is sparse on the correlation between ONSD and ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt function, especially in adults with hydrocephalus. Our study was designed to assess the correlation between ONSD measured using ultrasonography before and 12 hours after VP shunt placement and the success of VP shunt placement assessed using computed tomography (CT) of the brain.

Materials and Methods Fifty-one patients between 16 and 60 years of age, with obstructive hydrocephalus scheduled for VP shunt surgery were included in this prospective, observational study. ONSD measurements were obtained from both eyes prior to induction of anesthesia, immediately after the surgery, and at 6, 12, and 24 hours after the surgery. An average of three readings was obtained from each eye. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) opening pressure was noted after entry into the lateral ventricle. Noncontrast CT (NCCT) brain was obtained 12 hours after the surgery and was interpreted by the same neurosurgeon for signs of successful VP shunt placement.

Results There was a significant reduction in ONSD in the postoperative period compared to ONSD measured preoperatively. The average ONSD (mean ± standard deviation) measured prior to induction of anesthesia, immediately after the surgery, and at 6, 12, and 24 hours after the surgery was 5.71 ± 0.95, 5.20 ± 0.84, 5.06 ± 0.79, 4.90 ± 0.79, and 4.76 ± 0.75 mm, respectively. The mean CSF opening pressure was 19.6 ± 6.9 mm Hg. Postoperative NCCT brain revealed misplacement of the shunt tip in only one patient.

Conclusion ONSD measured using ultrasonography may be used as a reliable indicator of VP shunt function in adults with obstructive hydrocephalus.
Dynamic Interplay of Age and Protein Malnutrition on the Pharmacokinetic Profile of Acetaminophen in Wistar Rats
Authors: Augustin Varsha , D'Souza Vinitha , J. Madhura R. , Badanthadka Murali , Mamatha B.S. , Vijayanarayana K.
Published: June 2024

Objectives Age and protein malnutrition (PMN) are well-known determinants of drug pharmacokinetics. The combined influence of age and nutrition on the pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen (APAP) remains insufficiently explored; therefore, this study investigates the role of age and PMN on APAP pharmacokinetics.

Materials and Methods Wistar rat weanlings were divided into four groups. Groups ND-5 (n = 6) and ND-18 (n = 6) were fed with normal diet (ND, 18% protein) and groups LPD-5 (n = 6) and LPD-18 (n = 6) were fed with low-protein diet (LPD, 10%) for 5 and 18 months, respectively. Blood samples were collected at different time intervals (0, 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 24, 36, and 48 hours), and plasma was separated and analyzed for APAP using high-performance liquid chromatography. Pharmacokinetic data was analyzed by the noncompartmental model using Phoenix WinNonlin 8.3 software.

Results The pharmacokinetic parameters of APAP were elevated in both LPD groups compared with their age-matched controls. The average area under the curve was increased by approximately 131% (LPD-5) and 17.57% (LPD-18), and the average maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax) was increased by 33.5% (LPD-5) and 26.3% (LPD-18) compared with their respective age-matched controls. The average mean retention time was approximately 114% (LPD-5) and 17.4% (LPD-18) higher than their respective age-matched controls, whereas the clearance rate (Cl/F) and volume distribution (Vz/F) of the drug were significantly lower. Consequently, there was a 68.5% (ND-5) and 4.73% (ND-18) prolongation in the mean half-life of APAP.

Conclusion The altered pharmacokinetics may arise from the intricate interplay of dietary and age influences on physiology, protein binding, and cytochrome P450enzyme activity/expression. However, the exact reason requires further investigation for a better understanding of vulnerable populations.
Endoscopic Evacuation of Acute Subdural Hematomas: A New Selection Criterion
Authors: Sam Jo Ee , Komatsu Fuminari , Yamada Yasuhiro , Tanaka Riki , Sasaki Kento , Tamura Takamitsu , Kato Yoko
Published: June 2024

Introduction Acute subdural hematomas (ASDHs) have a high mortality rate and unfavorable outcomes especially in the elderly population even after surgery is performed. The conventional recommended surgeries by the Brain Trauma Foundation in 2006 were craniotomies or craniectomies for ASDH. As the world population ages, and endoscopic techniques improve, endoscopic surgery should be utilized to improve the outcomes in elderly patients with ASDH.

Materials and Methods This was a single-center retrospective report on our series of six patients that underwent endoscopic ASDH evacuation (EASE). Demographic data, the contralateral global cortical atrophy (GCA) score, evacuation rates, and outcomes were analyzed.

Results All patients' symptoms and Glasgow Coma Scale improved or were similar after EASE with no complications. Good outcome was seen in 4 (66.7%) patients. Patients with poor outcome had initial low Glasgow Coma Scale scores on admission. The higher the contralateral GCA score, the higher the evacuation rate (r = 0.825, p ≤ 0.043). All the patients had a GCA score of ≥7.

Conclusion EASE is at least not inferior to craniotomy for the elderly population in terms of functional outcome for now. Using the contralateral GCA score may help identify suitable patients for this technique instead of just using a cut-off age as a criteria.
Embracing the digital landscape: enriching the concept of sense of place in the digital age
Authors: Dai Juncheng , Liu Fangyu
Published: June 2024

In unraveling the profound connections between humans and place, the traditional concept of the sense of place takes on new dimensions in the digital era. This study contributes to a nuanced understanding by integrating digital and physical spaces within the context of information and communication technology (ICT). Beginning with a review of historical changes and debates surrounding the sense of place, the research establishes a foundation for understanding the evolving relationship with the place. Building on this, the study explores the intricate interplay between digital media and place, revealing how advancements in digital technology shape perceptions of the sense of place. Beyond analysis, the study introduces a three-dimensional framework for the sense of place (i.e., physical sense of place, digital sense of place, and hybrid sense of place), recognizing the dynamic relationship between individuals and their environment, incorporating the digital dimension. Firmly grounded in the perspective of relationships, this framework captures multifaceted connections individuals establish with both physical and digital spaces. Finally, the research explores practical applications of this reconceptualized sense of place. This research deepens the current understanding of the complex dynamics in constructing places in contemporary society, where digital and physical realms intertwine. This research serves as a crucial steppingstone for comprehending the evolving dynamics of the sense of place in the digital era, presenting a refined framework that captures the complex relationships between individuals, technology, and the places they inhabit.