bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La recherche-création à l’université : cadrage sociohistorique d’une nouvelle forme de recherche
Authors: Provost Chantal
Published: November 2023

Le présent article propose un cadrage sociohistorique de la recherche-création (RC) au Québec suivant le modèle d’Yves Gingras (1991) portant sur l’institutionnalisation de la recherche en milieu universitaire. À partir notamment de documents d’archives et de données quantitatives du financement, l’article dégage trois temps du développement de cette forme de recherche, soit : l’émergence (fin des années 1960 aux années 1990), l’institutionnalisation (1990-2000) et la création d’une identité sociale et d’une communauté de chercheurs-créateurs (les années 2000 à aujourd’hui). L’article contribue à mettre en lumière pour chacune de ces périodes des points de changement (ex. foyers de chercheurs-créateurs, inscriptions de la RC dans les orientations institutionnelles, nouveaux programmes d’études, etc.) ainsi que des points de tension (ex. critères d’embauche, définition de la RC, reconnaissance des productions, etc.).
Pharmacological inhibition of CLK2 activates YAP by promoting alternative splicing of AMOTL2
Authors: Bulos Maya L. , Grzelak Edyta M. , Li-Ma Chloris , Chen Emily , Hull Mitchell , Johnson Kristen A. , Bollong Michael J.
Published: November 2023

Yes-associated protein (YAP), the downstream effector of the evolutionarily conserved Hippo pathway, promotes cellular proliferation and coordinates certain regenerative responses in mammals. Small molecule activators of YAP may therefore display therapeutic utility in treating disease states involving insufficient proliferative repair. From a high-throughput chemical screen of the comprehensive drug repurposing library ReFRAME, here we report the identification of SM04690, a clinical stage inhibitor of CLK2, as a potent activator of YAP driven transcriptional activity in cells. CLK2 inhibition promotes alternative splicing of the Hippo pathway protein AMOTL2, producing an exon-skipped gene product that can no longer associate with membrane-bound proteins, resulting in decreased phosphorylation and membrane localization of YAP. This study reveals a novel mechanism by which pharmacological perturbation of alternative splicing inactivates the Hippo pathway and promotes YAP dependent cellular growth.
Overburdened ferroptotic stress impairs tooth morphogenesis
Authors: Wang Haisheng , Wang Xiaofeng , Huang Liuyan , Wang Chenglin , Yu Fanyuan , Ye Ling
Published: November 2023

The role of regulated cell death in organ development, particularly the impact of non-apoptotic cell death, remains largely uncharted. Ferroptosis, a non-apoptotic cell death pathway known for its iron dependence and lethal lipid peroxidation, is currently being rigorously investigated for its pathological functions. The balance between ferroptotic stress (iron and iron-dependent lipid peroxidation) and ferroptosis supervising pathways (anti-lipid peroxidation systems) serves as the key mechanism regulating the activation of ferroptosis. Compared with other forms of regulated necrotic cell death, ferroptosis is critically related to the metabolism of lipid and iron which are also important in organ development. In our study, we examined the role of ferroptosis in organogenesis using an ex vivo tooth germ culture model, investigating the presence and impact of ferroptotic stress on tooth germ development. Our findings revealed that ferroptotic stress increased during tooth development, while the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4), a crucial anti-lipid peroxidation enzyme, also escalated in dental epithelium/mesenchyme cells. The inhibition of ferroptosis was found to partially rescue erastin-impaired tooth morphogenesis. Our results suggest that while ferroptotic stress is present during tooth organogenesis, its effects are efficaciously controlled by the subsequent upregulation of Gpx4. Notably, an overabundance of ferroptotic stress, as induced by erastin, suppresses tooth morphogenesis.
ROM1 is redundant to PRPH2 as a molecular building block of photoreceptor disc rims
Authors: Lewis Tylor R , Makia Mustafa S , Castillo Carson M , Hao Ying , Al-Ubaidi Muayyad R , Skiba Nikolai P , Conley Shannon M , Arshavsky Vadim Y , Naash Muna I
Published: November 2023

Visual signal transduction takes place within a stack of flattened membranous ‘discs’ enclosed within the light-sensitive photoreceptor outer segment. The highly curved rims of these discs, formed in the process of disc enclosure, are fortified by large hetero-oligomeric complexes of two homologous tetraspanin proteins, PRPH2 (a.k.a. peripherin-2 or rds) and ROM1. While mutations in PRPH2 affect the formation of disc rims, the role of ROM1 remains poorly understood. In this study, we found that the knockout of ROM1 causes a compensatory increase in the disc content of PRPH2. Despite this increase, discs of ROM1 knockout mice displayed a delay in disc enclosure associated with a large diameter and lack of incisures in mature discs. Strikingly, further increasing the level of PRPH2 rescued these morphological defects. We next showed that disc rims are still formed in a knockin mouse in which the tetraspanin body of PRPH2 was replaced with that of ROM1. Together, these results demonstrate that, despite its contribution to the formation of disc rims, ROM1 can be replaced by an excess of PRPH2 for timely enclosure of newly forming discs and establishing normal outer segment structure.
Defective mesenchymal Bmpr1a-mediated BMP signaling causes congenital pulmonary cysts
Authors: Luo Yongfeng , Cao Ke , Chiu Joanne , Chen Hui , Wang Hong-Jun , Thornton Matthew E , Grubbs Brendan H , Kolb Martin , Parmacek Michael S , Mishina Yuji , Shi Wei
Published: November 2023

Abnormal lung development can cause congenital pulmonary cysts, the mechanisms of which remain largely unknown. Although the cystic lesions are believed to result directly from disrupted airway epithelial cell growth, the extent to which developmental defects in lung mesenchymal cells contribute to abnormal airway epithelial cell growth and subsequent cystic lesions has not been thoroughly examined. In the present study using genetic mouse models, we dissected the roles of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor 1a (Bmpr1a)-mediated BMP signaling in lung mesenchyme during prenatal lung development and discovered that abrogation of mesenchymal Bmpr1a disrupted normal lung branching morphogenesis, leading to the formation of prenatal pulmonary cystic lesions. Severe deficiency of airway smooth muscle cells and subepithelial elastin fibers were found in the cystic airways of the mesenchymal Bmpr1a knockout lungs. In addition, ectopic mesenchymal expression of BMP ligands and airway epithelial perturbation of the Sox2-Sox9 proximal-distal axis were detected in the mesenchymal Bmpr1a knockout lungs. However, deletion of Smad1/5, two major BMP signaling downstream effectors, from the lung mesenchyme did not phenocopy the cystic abnormalities observed in the mesenchymal Bmpr1a knockout lungs, suggesting that a Smad-independent mechanism contributes to prenatal pulmonary cystic lesions. These findings reveal for the first time the role of mesenchymal BMP signaling in lung development and a potential pathogenic mechanism underlying congenital pulmonary cysts.
Caspase-1 activates gasdermin A in non-mammals
Authors: Billman Zachary Paul , Kovacs Stephen Bela , Wei Bo , Kang Kidong , Cissé Ousmane H , Miao Edward A
Published: November 2023

Gasdermins oligomerize to form pores in the cell membrane, causing regulated lytic cell death called pyroptosis. Mammals encode five gasdermins that can trigger pyroptosis: GSDMA, B, C, D, and E. Caspase and granzyme proteases cleave the linker regions of and activate GSDMB, C, D, and E, but no endogenous activation pathways are yet known for GSDMA. Here, we perform a comprehensive evolutionary analysis of the gasdermin family. A gene duplication of GSDMA in the common ancestor of caecilian amphibians, reptiles, and birds gave rise to GSDMA–D in mammals. Uniquely in our tree, amphibian, reptile, and bird GSDMA group in a separate clade than mammal GSDMA. Remarkably, GSDMA in numerous bird species contain caspase-1 cleavage sites like YVAD or FASD in the linker. We show that GSDMA from birds, amphibians, and reptiles are all cleaved by caspase-1. Thus, GSDMA was originally cleaved by the host-encoded protease caspase-1. In mammals the caspase-1 cleavage site in GSDMA is disrupted; instead, a new protein, GSDMD, is the target of caspase-1. Mammal caspase-1 uses exosite interactions with the GSDMD C-terminal domain to confer the specificity of this interaction, whereas we show that bird caspase-1 uses a stereotypical tetrapeptide sequence to confer specificity for bird GSDMA. Our results reveal an evolutionarily stable association between caspase-1 and the gasdermin family, albeit a shifting one. Caspase-1 repeatedly changes its target gasdermin over evolutionary time at speciation junctures, initially cleaving GSDME in fish, then GSDMA in amphibians/reptiles/birds, and finally GSDMD in mammals.
Cell-autonomous role of leucine-rich repeat kinase in the protection of dopaminergic neuron survival
Authors: Kang Jongkyun , Huang Guodong , Ma Long , Tong Youren , Shahapal Anu , Chen Phoenix , Shen Jie
Published: November 2023

Mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are the most common genetic cause of Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, whether LRRK2 mutations cause PD and degeneration of dopaminergic (DA) neurons via a toxic gain-of-function or a loss-of-function mechanism is unresolved and has pivotal implications for LRRK2-based PD therapies. In this study, we investigate whether Lrrk2 and its functional homolog Lrrk1 play a cell-intrinsic role in DA neuron survival through the development of DA neuron-specific Lrrk conditional double knockout (cDKO) mice. Unlike Lrrk germline DKO mice, DA neuron-restricted Lrrk cDKO mice exhibit normal mortality but develop age-dependent loss of DA neurons, as shown by the progressive reduction of DA neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) at the ages of 20 and 24 months. Moreover, DA neurodegeneration is accompanied with increases in apoptosis and elevated microgliosis in the SNpc as well as decreases in DA terminals in the striatum, and is preceded by impaired motor coordination. Taken together, these findings provide the unequivocal evidence for the cell-intrinsic requirement of LRRK in DA neurons and raise the possibility that LRRK2 mutations may impair its protection of DA neurons, leading to DA neurodegeneration in PD.
Differential regulation by CD47 and thrombospondin-1 of extramedullary erythropoiesis in mouse spleen
Authors: Banerjee Rajdeep , Meyer Thomas J , Cam Margaret C , Kaur Sukhbir , Roberts David D
Published: November 2023

Extramedullary erythropoiesis is not expected in healthy adult mice, but erythropoietic gene expression was elevated in lineage-depleted spleen cells from Cd47−/− mice. Expression of several genes associated with early stages of erythropoiesis was elevated in mice lacking CD47 or its signaling ligand thrombospondin-1, consistent with previous evidence that this signaling pathway inhibits expression of multipotent stem cell transcription factors in spleen. In contrast, cells expressing markers of committed erythroid progenitors were more abundant in Cd47−/− spleens but significantly depleted in Thbs1−/− spleens. Single-cell transcriptome and flow cytometry analyses indicated that loss of CD47 is associated with accumulation and increased proliferation in spleen of Ter119−CD34+ progenitors and Ter119+CD34− committed erythroid progenitors with elevated mRNA expression of Kit, Ermap, and Tfrc. Induction of committed erythroid precursors is consistent with the known function of CD47 to limit the phagocytic removal of aged erythrocytes. Conversely, loss of thrombospondin-1 delays the turnover of aged red blood cells, which may account for the suppression of committed erythroid precursors in Thbs1−/− spleens relative to basal levels in wild-type mice. In addition to defining a role for CD47 to limit extramedullary erythropoiesis, these studies reveal a thrombospondin-1-dependent basal level of extramedullary erythropoiesis in adult mouse spleen.
Differential regulation by CD47 and thrombospondin-1 of extramedullary erythropoiesis in mouse spleen
Authors: Banerjee Rajdeep , Meyer Thomas J. , Cam Margaret C. , Kaur Sukhbir , Roberts David D.
Published: November 2023

Extramedullary erythropoiesis is not expected in healthy adult mice, but erythropoietic gene expression was elevated in lineage-depleted spleen cells from
cd47

−/−

mice. Expression of several genes associated with early stages of erythropoiesis was elevated in mice lacking CD47 or its signaling ligand thrombospondin-1, consistent with previous evidence that this signaling pathway inhibits expression of multipotent stem cell transcription factors in spleen. In contrast, cells expressing markers of committed erythroid progenitors were more abundant in
cd47

−/−

spleens but significantly depleted in
thbs1

−/−

spleens. Single cell transcriptome and flow cytometry analyses indicated that loss of CD47 is associated with accumulation and increased proliferation in spleen of Ter119
−
CD34
+
progenitors and Ter119
+
CD34
−
committed erythroid progenitors with elevated mRNA expression of Kit, Ermap, and Tfrc, Induction of committed erythroid precursors is consistent with the known function of CD47 to limit the phagocytic removal of aged erythrocytes. Conversely, loss of thrombospondin-1 delays the turnover of aged red blood cells, which may account for the suppression of committed erythroid precursors in
thbs1

−/−

spleens relative to basal levels in wild type mice. In addition to defining a role for CD47 to limit extramedullary erythropoiesis, these studies reveal a thrombospondin-1-dependent basal level of extramedullary erythropoiesis in adult mouse spleen.
Skape nye rom, ny tid og nye bevegelser
Authors: Klungland Monica , Liene Anne-Mette
Published: November 2023

Artikkelen knytter seg til FNs bærekraftsmål 4 som omhandler god utdanning, og retter seg mot utdanning av barnehagelærere innenfor kunstfagene forming og drama. I beskrivelse av estetiske læreprosesser knyttes gjerne estetikk til det å ta alle sansene i bruk i skapende arbeid. Estetikkbegrepet knyttes i denne artikkelen til sansing av rom, tid, materialer og bevegelse, men også til hvordan denne sansingen inngår i og fører til skapende praksis der vi berører og lar oss berøre. Vi undersøker hvordan god utdanning i kunstfag kan utvikles gjennom å åpne opp for den estetiske dimensjon for studenter i undervisningen. Bærekraftig utdanning i kunstfag handler om at studentene skal forstå den estetiske dimensjon som betydningsfull i egen profesjonsutøvelse, og se den didaktiske verdien av denne i møte med barn i barnehagen. Artikkelens materiale er skapt sammen med en gruppe studenter som spesialiserer seg i enten drama, forming, eller musikk og har fellesemnet Kunstfaglig utviklingsarbeid i barnehagen (KKK-200). Sammen med studentene har vi lekt og utforsket bevegelse med nøster i ute- og innerom, og assosiert over hva begrepene rom, tid, materialer og bevegelse betyr i deres respektive fag. Undersøkelsen viser at en integrert tverrfaglig tilnærming og en utforskende undervisningsform kan bidra til god utdanning i kunstfag fordi det åpner for studentenes sanseerfaringer og estetiske opplevelser gjennom å bryte med det vante og utsettes for risiko.
Drama as a hopeful practice when navigating liminal times
Authors: Fries Julia , Wall Tony
Published: November 2023

This article presents results from a study where applied drama interventions were deployed in four different groups to build capacities to re-imagine economics. Participants were interviewed or entered dialogue with each other after completing the drama work. Through a close reading of one of the conversations that stands out as glowing in the research material and with inspiration from rhizomatic analysis, we identify four nodes that point to drama as a hopeful practice during insecure times. The dramatic arts have historically facilitated the navigation of localized political and economic tensions, but research and practice has not seemingly addressed the transitions to more holistic forms of development embedded within the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goal 8: Decent Work and Inclusive Economic Growth. Conceptualizing this transition as liminal, we argue for the use of drama(tic) arts to navigate this state. The node Space for emotions articulates drama as a possibility to embrace and integrate difficult emotions. The node Openings and invitations – a new learning experience describes drama as an unconventional form of teaching that opens for creativity and new understandings. The third node Pretending towards new realities points to how the imaginative aspects of drama can give experiences of new pretended states beyond the liminal. Finally, the node Discomfort and its reinterpretations shows how challenging aspects of drama can be understood as in itself creating a liminal state where the unexpected can emerge. Findings echo the transformatory potential of drama(tic) arts in prior environmental and sustainability education research but extend it in the specific context of navigating and re-imagining economic growth (SDG8), and point to specific qualities of drama when trying to move towards sustainability in difficult times.
Trembling: The winds and I
Authors: Sahni Urvashi
Published: November 2023

This is a text based on a keynote address that I gave at the IDIERI, 2022 conference in Warwick.  The theme of IDIERI, 2022 was “Navigating mess and complexity in uncertain times.”  It is particularly relevant to this issue because the project described in this keynote emerges from, and is embedded in, our on-going work at Study Hall Educational Foundation (SHEF) and addresses Sustainable Development Goals 1, 4, 5, 10 and 13. The project is about teenage girls in Lucknow, India. It includes critical dialogues, poetry and drama, and culminates in a collectively curated script and performance. As girls in India, it reveals their fears and concerns about their current lives and their view of their future . Their embodied voices and poems show us what their lives are like and how they feel about the uncertainties shaped by their experience. Strict patriarchal social norms leave them feeling insecure, unsafe and unfree at home and in their immediate environment. It emerged that while they have a caring, connected relationship with nature, the climate crisis seems too distant. Their concerns about securing their present lives are more immediate.
When Negative Turns out to Be Positive
Authors: Raet Mai
Published: November 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on various aspects of society, including language and cognitive processes. This research investigates how the pandemic has influenced associations related to health-related words among 1,454 Estonian native speakers. Data collected between January and March 2023 were compared with a pre-pandemic dataset, the Dictionary of Estonian Word Associations (DEWA), compiled from 2016 to 2018. The study focuses on fifteen health-related cue words. The results revealed that five terms experienced significant changes in their association sequences concerning the COVID-19 crisis. Notably, among these 15 words, three stand out as the most significant cases where a change occurred in their primary responses: these typically exhibit the most robust and enduring associative links, making them less susceptible to change. This unveils shifts in the mental lexicon's representations and the evolving perceptions of specific words and concepts amidst the pandemic backdrop. These findings illustrate how unforeseen external disruptions, such as the COVID-19 crisis, can reconfigure the salience of certain concepts within language and cognition. This research contributes to our comprehension of the linguistic repercussions and potential language adaptations triggered by a health crisis. It also enriches the relatively understudied field of word association research, particularly in languages beyond the dominion of English.
A novel automated Parkinson’s disease identification approach using deep learning and EEG
Authors: Obayya Marwa , Saeed Muhammad Kashif , Maashi Mashael , Alotaibi Saud S. , Salama Ahmed S. , Ahmed Hamza Manar
Published: November 2023

The neurological ailment known as Parkinson’s disease (PD) affects people throughout the globe. The neurodegenerative PD-related disorder primarily affects people in middle to late life. Motor symptoms such as tremors, muscle rigidity, and sluggish, clumsy movement are common in patients with this disorder. Genetic and environmental variables play significant roles in the development of PD. Despite much investigation, the root cause of this neurodegenerative disease is still unidentified. Clinical diagnostics rely heavily on promptly detecting such irregularities to slow or stop the progression of illnesses successfully. Because of its direct correlation with brain activity, electroencephalography (EEG) is an essential PD diagnostic technique. Electroencephalography, or EEG, data are biomarkers of brain activity changes. However, these signals are non-linear, non-stationary, and complicated, making analysis difficult. One must often resort to a lengthy human labor process to accomplish results using traditional machine-learning approaches. The breakdown, feature extraction, and classification processes are typical examples of these stages. To overcome these obstacles, we present a novel deep-learning model for the automated identification of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The Gabor transform, a standard method in EEG signal processing, was used to turn the raw data from the EEG recordings into spectrograms. In this research, we propose densely linked bidirectional long short-term memory (DLBLSTM), which first represents each layer as the sum of its hidden state plus the hidden states of all layers above it, then recursively transmits that representation to all layers below it. This study’s suggested deep learning model was trained using these spectrograms as input data. Using a robust sixfold cross-validation method, the proposed model showed excellent accuracy with a classification accuracy of 99.6%. The results indicate that the suggested algorithm can automatically identify PD.
Predicting carrying capacity of a large carnivore from prey densities: a new approach
Authors: Chatterjee Nilanjan , Mukhopadhyay Indranil , Nigam Parag , Habib Bilal
Published: November 2023

Background

Large carnivores play a crucial role in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem. Successful conservation initiatives have often led to a huge increase in predators which has often led to negative interactions with humans. Without the knowledge of the carrying capacity of the top predator, such decisions become challenging. Here, we have derived a new equation to estimate the carrying capacity of tigers based on the individual prey species density.

Methods

We used tiger densities and respective prey densities of different protected areas. Relative prey abundance was used instead of absolute prey density as this could be a better surrogate of the prey preference. We used a regression approach to derive the species-wise equation. We have also scaled these coefficients accordingly to control the variation in the standard error (heteroscedasticity) of the tiger density. Furthermore, we have extended this regression equation for different species to different weight classes for more generalized application of the method.

Results

The new equations performed considerably better compared to the earlier existing carrying capacity equations. Incorporating the species-wise approach in the equation also reflected the preference of the prey species for the tiger. This is the first carrying capacity equation where the individual prey densities are used to estimate the carnivore population density. The coefficient estimates of the model with the comparison with prey-predator power laws also reflect the differential effect of tigers on different prey species. The carrying capacity estimates will aid in a better understanding of the predator-prey interaction and will advance better management of the top predator.
Research progress on the predictive role of sarcopenia in the course and prognosis of inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Liu Yang , Tian Linglin
Published: November 2023

Sarcopenia is a syndrome characterized by a progressive and extensive decrease in skeletal muscle quality and function. With the development of imaging technology in recent years, the understanding and research on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and evaluation of sarcopenia have gradually improved. More than one-third of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have sarcopenia (Ryan et al., 2019), and as a new and unique body composition evaluation index, it is critical for predicting the clinical course, prognosis and postoperative complications of patients with IBD. However, there are limited research summarizing the prevalence of sarcopenia among IBD. Furthermore, there is a scarcity of studies establishing the precise criteria for diagnosing sarcopenia in these patients. This article summarizes the evaluation of sarcopenia and its recent advancements in predicting the course and prognosis of IBD.
Guión turístico en torno a Estancia Pecket Harbour
Authors:   , Jiménez Gallardo Patricia
Published: November 2023

La Región de Magallanes y Antártica Chilena, comprendida entre los paralelos 48°37´S y Polo Sur, posee una densidad poblacional de 1.27 hab/ km2 , y el 63% de su superficie regional se encuentra declarada área silvestre protegida , transformándose, en los últimos años, en un destino turístico mundial dada la creciente demanda por visitar parajes naturales y remotos. En este nuevo escenario, la obsolescencia de la infraestructura de los antiguos cascos de estancias ganaderas ovinas se presenta como una oportunidad para su reconversión turística a nuevos usos compatibles con esta actividad agropecuaria. Actualmente, según datos aportados por el Servicio Agrícola Ganadero, sólo una docena de las 584 estancias existentes en la Región, han implementado actividades turísticas, las que se ubican mayoritariamente en torno al Parque Nacional Torres del Paine. En este sentido, las actividades al aire libre que promueven espacios de recreación rural tienen el potencial de transformarse en espacios patrimoniales, al incorporarse un guión turístico que visibilice la memoria de los extrabajadores de las estancias patagónicas. La problemática radica en dotar al relato turístico de contenido, a objeto de que el visitante logre conectarse con el binomio de naturaleza y cultura, lo que el investigador Joaquín Sabaté (2013), define como paisaje cultural extremo.
KARUKINKA : reflexiones contemporáneas en torno a la memoria territorial del habitar Selk’nam
Authors:   , Melo Gaymer Catalina
Published: November 2023

Los pueblos originarios de Chile han sufrido un escaso reconocimiento oficial, encontrándose aún pendiente el del pueblo Selk’nam. Es el caso de la comunidad indígena Covadonga Ona, que ha activado su visibilización al identificarse como Selk’nam, portadores de esta cultura ancestral. La investigación surge desde la reflexión en torno a una forma de habitar ya extinta y en cómo esta se proyecta sobre un territorio que le fue arrebatado a quienes lo habitaron durante miles de años. De esta forma, se estudian sus antiguas formas de habitar, entendiéndolas como un sistema nómade que integraría diversas escalas: desde lo más íntimo, el kawi, en su formato como paraviento o choza cónica; luego, los haruwen, divisiones territoriales para cada clan familiar; y finalmente, el territorio insular en su totalidad: la Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, o dicho en su toponimia original, Karukinka. Se propone la elaboración de un guión para ser implementado al interior del Parque Karukinka en Tierra del Fuego y que, bajo los principios de la interpretación patrimonial, busca interpelar al visitante u observador, de forma que pueda tomar conciencia de la memoria indígena que posee el territorio. Conjugando testimonios de la propia comunidad Selk’nam, poesía y música, se busca cuestionar las incógnitas que dejó el limitado registro de esta cultura a través de una experiencia sensorial y emocional con el territorio.
Ley 21.020 sobre tenencia responsable de mascotas y animales de compañía : análisis a dos años de su implementación
Authors:   , Bravo Peña Felipe
Published: November 2023

La Ley 21.020, conocida popularmente como “Ley Cholito”, busca regular la convivencia entre humanos y mascotas, con el fin de mitigar el conflicto social e impactos que genera la inadecuada tenencia de animales en la calidad de vida de las personas, en la salud pública, en el medio ambiente y en el bienestar animal. La Ley persigue cuatro propósitos principales; a. Que las personas con mascotas cumplan con ciertas obligaciones, b. Que la población de mascotas posea una mejor salud y bienestar, c. Que se controle el número de animales que deambula libremente y que genera impactos negativos y, d. Que en caso de que una mascota genere daños, su propietario pueda ser responsabilizado. El presente análisis revisa los resultados obtenidos por la Ley Cholito a dos años de su puesta en marcha. El foco principal de la revisión es comparar “lo que está ocurriendo con lo que debería ocurrir”, según lo establecido por la misma regulación. Para esto, se utiliza como base información cuantitativa generada por una evaluación realizada por la DIPRES al PTRAC el año 2019 , la cual es complementada con información secundaria e información primaria de carácter cualitativo. Por lo tanto, se trata de una investigación complementaria, que busca mejorar el entendimiento de esta política y desarrollar explicaciones sistemáticas a su desempeño. La evidencia recopilada y utilizada demuestra que las acciones emprendidas por el organismo responsable, PTRAC-SUBDERE, poseen serios problemas a nivel de diseño, implementación y ejecución, además de tener poca focalización en dar solución a los problemas que dieron origen y justificaron la política pública. También fue posible encontrar problemas en la dimensión equidad y de legitimación, y una ausencia de estrategias que apunten al cambio cultural que se necesita. Finalmente, se observa una ausencia de medidas para poner bajo fiscalización a aquellos propietarios que no les interesa ser regulados, y que probablemente, son el origen principal de los impactos negativos. Todo esto permite concluir, que con la actual modalidad de operación del PTRAC, sencillamente no será posible cumplir lo que la Ley establece. En atención a lo expuesto, se han determinado siete recomendaciones iniciales y prioritarias, que buscan evitar que el PTRAC siga debilitándose, y que permitan poner la política pública al servicio de los problemas para la cual fue diseñada: 1. Establecer la Identificación de mascotas mediante Microchip como obligación y como derecho ciudadano; 2. Realizar estudios poblacionales que determinen las estrategias de intervención; 3. Avanzar hacia el cambio cultural mediante educación, fiscalización y sanciones efectivas; 4. Establecer un consejo público-privado interministerial que asesore y fiscalice en el buen uso de recursos; 5. Establecer indicadores y metas acorde a los objetivos de la Ley; 6. Modificar el estatuto laboral del PVET; 7. Optimizar recursos y suspender algunas líneas de financiamiento temporalmente.
Diagnóstico sobre la baja participación de mujeres en educación superior técnico profesional vinculada al área de tecnología en Chile
Authors:   , Peñailillo Kuzmin Valentina
Published: November 2023

Actualmente existe en Chile una baja participación de mujeres en el área de tecnología a nivel de carreras técnico profesionales en educación superior. Este es un problema de política pública, porque produce una brecha salarial de género a nivel de educación técnica superior, debido a que las carreras dentro del área tecnológica son las que concentran los ingresos promedio más elevados. Por lo tanto, la educación superior técnico profesional presenta una segregación según género respecto de las áreas de especialización. Adicionalmente, la baja representación de niñas y mujeres en áreas como tecnología, significa la negación de oportunidades de desarrollo en carreras lucrativas en el mercado laboral. Además de impedir que las mujeres aporten habilidades, actitudes y perspectivas distintas para el desarrollo de las organizaciones. Dado que este es un estudio más bien reflexivo, las posibles causas de esta desigualdad de género dentro de las carreras técnico profesionales superiores, se vinculan con tres razones identificadas a partir de la revisión de la literatura: (1) la masculinización y feminización de las profesiones; (2) factores en la niñez y adolescencia que influyen en las decisiones vocacionales al ingresar a la educación superior y; (3) lugares de trabajo y estudio adversos hacia las mujeres que deciden estudiar una carrera en el área de tecnología. Finalmente, se recomienda realizar un análisis a nivel de educación básica y media, sobre las percepciones e intereses vocacionales hacia el área de tecnología a nivel de carreras técnico profesionales superiores, de niños, niñas y adolescentes. De modo de comprender cómo estos intereses se vinculan con su propio desempeño académico. Y de identificar qué factores facilitan u obstruyen la elección de una carrera en esta área. Además, se propone realizar un análisis de las condiciones en las que se desempeñan las estudiantes de carreras técnicas superiores relacionadas al área de tecnología. Así como también un análisis del contexto laboral al que se enfrentan las mujeres del área tecnológica. A través de este tipo de análisis, se constatarían aquellos factores que facilitan u obstruyen su progreso, tanto en el ámbito educativo como en el laboral.
Análisis evaluativo de la oferta del Estado en materia de protección para niños, niñas y adolescentes
Authors:   , Contreras Shats Nicolás
Published: November 2023

El presente proyecto tiene por objeto identificar brechas de cobertura de servicios para niños, niñas y adolescentes que son víctimas de vulneración de derechos a nivel comunal. Para ello, se realiza una estimación de la demanda potencial de servicios, la que se contrasta con la oferta de protección reportada por datos administrativos de Mejor Niñez, SENAME y otras instituciones públicas. Como material empírico se trabajará con una base de datos que contiene los programas de protección general y especializada, el número de usuarios que atienden o esperan atender, la región y comuna en la que se encuentra ubicado el programa, tipo de programa e institución a cargo. Esta información fue sistematizada por quien realiza la presente investigación. El objetivo de esta actividad final de grado es generar evidencia que permita mejorar la eficacia e implementación de la política pública referente a la oferta del Estado para niños, niñas y adolescentes que han visto vulnerados y/o gravemente amenazados sus derechos, identificando brechas potenciales y problemas de cobertura a nivel territorial. Para lo anterior se realizó una caracterización de la situación (o problemática) que será atendida por la política, se describe el problema a solucionar, se cuantifica e identifica a quiénes y cómo afecta la problemática y finalmente se argumenta por qué se necesita de manera urgente una intervención de política pública, intentando mostrar el impacto que tendría en niños y niñas la ausencia de falta de oferta de protección en sus territorios. Adicionalmente, se hace referencia a la evidencia internacional respecto a las políticas públicas relacionadas con la temática.
Video feedback intervention to enhance parental reflective function in primary caregivers of children with severe psychiatric disorders : feasibility randomized trial
Authors:   , Leyton Álvarez Fanny Lorena
Published: November 2023

Parenting interventions for children who are admitted in a psychiatric hospitalization are scarce, Video Feedback (VF) intervention have proved to be effective in promoting parental and child wellbeing. Parental Reflective Functioning (PRF) is one of the parental abilities that can be improved with VF and could be especially important in coping with conflict and negative emotions in older children. The objective of this research was to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of implementing Video Intervention Therapy (VIT) to improve RPF of primary caregivers of children hospitalized in a psychiatric service and provide evidence for a larger randomized control trial. The study was a single center, two-arm feasibility randomized control trial with a qualitative component. Block randomization was done to generate a 2:1 allocation, leaving more participants in the intervention group. The intervention comprises four modules; every module has a one video-recorded play session and one VIT session (in a group setting) per week. Evaluation of caregivers included assessments of PRF and wellbeing, while child assessment included parent-ratings and clinician-ratings of symptomatology and general functioning. Thirty participants were randomized; eligibility and recruitment rate were 70.6% and 83.3% respectively. Compliance-to-intervention rate was 85% in the VIT group and 90% in the control group. The intervention was acceptable to participants and feasible for therapists to deliver. Outcome data should be treated with caution due to the small numbers involved yet indicate that the VIT may have a positive effect in improving parental and child mental health. In conclusion, VIT was feasible to deliver and acceptable for participants, therapist and the staff unit involved, there being sufficient evidence to undertake, with some design modifications, a full-scale effectiveness RCT. High quality preliminary evidence would indicate that VIT, as a tailored, evidence-base intervention, is feasible to implement in child psychiatric public services.
Aesthetic Rehabilitation with Veneers Using Digital Precision: A Case Report
Authors: Shetty Sanath Kumar , Shetty Naresh , Asaraf K MD
Published: November 2023

Smiling is an essential aspect of daily life, and a confident smile can greatly impact an individual's self-esteem. Aesthetic correction of the anterior teeth poses a challenge in dentistry, particularly in cases where there is spacing between the teeth. This can lead to a lack of confidence and negatively affect a person's self-image. Laminate veneers, a cosmetic dental procedure, involve attaching a thin layer of porcelain or resin composite material to the surface of a tooth. Compared to conventional methods, digital technology offers greater precision and efficiency in placing laminate veneers. Computerised templates guide the teeth preparation process, ensuring minimal tooth structure removal and accurate fitting of the veneers. The present report presents a case (43-year-old female patient) of spacing in the maxillary anterior that was corrected using a minimally invasive technique with laminate veneers and a fully digital workflow using lithium disilicate. The use of this material enhances the aesthetics of the patient's smile, requiring minimal tooth reduction and providing a natural appearance. The paper also includes a nine-month follow-up. Incorporating digital technology in the creation and placement of laminate veneers offers numerous benefits, including improved accuracy, reduced turnaround time, and the ability for patients to preview their enhanced smile.
Assessment of Dental Problems and Self-esteem among School Children: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Tsephel Tenzin , D’souza Sharin Neetal , Leena KC , Abraham Priya , Jincy KJ , Purushothama KB
Published: November 2023

Introduction: The transitional stage of a person’s physical and psychological development, known as school age, is strongly related to adolescence. An individual’s oral health significantly impacts their general health and happiness. Oral health is a crucial component of overall well-being and can affect one’s level of self-esteem. Even common dental conditions like dental trauma and untreated caries can have an impact on an individual’s selfesteem, which in turn can affect their quality of life. Aim: To explore the dental problems and self-esteem of schoolage children. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in selected schools of Mangaluru, Karnataka, India. A total of 86 school children aged between 10 and 15 years were included using a non probability purposive sampling technique. The study duration was eight months, from February 2021 to September 2021. A self-structured rating scale was employed to assess self-esteem, and a self-structured checklist was used to assess dental issues. Survey participants who scored higher than four on the checklist were invited to complete a selfesteem evaluation scale to gain further insights into their dental concerns. Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0, applying descriptive and inferential statistics to evaluate the collected data. The relationship and association between the concepts were examined using Karl Pearson’s correlation coefficient and the Chi-square test. Results: According to the study’s findings, 75 (87.2%) school children had moderate self-esteem, while 11 (12.8%) had high self-esteem regarding dental issues. The majority of school children, 52 (60.5%), had moderate dental problems, while 23 (26.7%) had severe dental problems, and 11 (12.8%) had very severe dental problems. The results of the study also revealed a significant relationship between school-aged children’s dental issues and their sense of self-worth. The calculated p-values indicate that there was no significant association between selfesteem and demographic data. However, there was a significant association between dental problems and other demographic variables, such as family income per month. Conclusion: Based on the present study’s findings, schoolaged children experienced mild dental issues, and there was a substantial link between these issues and students’ self-esteem. Additionally, the study showed that there was no significant association between self-esteem and demographic data. However, a significant association was found between dental problems and various demographic variables, such as family income per month. Therefore, it is argued that each person’s self-esteem in relation to dental issues may differ.
Microbiological Genus Characterisation, Clinical Features, and Outcome in Patients of COVID-19 Associated Mucormycosis: A Single-centre Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Gupta Sneha , Patel Rushika , Gangurde Nita , Vankudre Ashok , Kulkarni Shreeya
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Mucormycosis is a known invasive fungal infection, its prevalence increased during the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, particularly during the second wave. The most common clinical form is rhino-orbitalcerebral, but other forms such as pulmonary, gastrointestinal, cutaneous, and disseminated forms also exist. There have been very few Indian studies exploring the various aspects of COVID19 Associated Mucormycosis (CAM). Aim: To describe and characterise the genus of the causative agents of mucormycosis, an invasive fungal infection, and to analyse the clinical features and outcomes in the study participants. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in a dedicated COVID-19 Care Hospital at Dr. Vasantrao Pawar Medical College in Nashik City, Maharashtra, India. The study duration was one year, from February 2021 to January 2022. The universal sampling strategy included all clinically diagnosed cases of mucormycosis (n=104). The study variables included demographic factors, presence of risk factors, organ involvement, and in-hospital mortality. Diagnosis was based on fungal Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) mount and fungal culture. Genus characterisation was performed using Lactophenol Cotton Blue (LPCB) mount. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0, and the Chi-square test was applied to study the association between qualitative variables. Results: The majority of patients with the disease were male (77, 74%). The most commonly involved site was isolated paranasal sinuses (48, 46.1%), followed by paranasal sinus with maxilla involvement (24, 23.1%). The KOH report was positive in 100 (96.2%) of patients. Fungal growth in culture was reported in 69 (66.3%) patients, among them Rhizopus spp. (66, 95.6%) being the most common fungal genus isolated. Among 25 patients in the age category >60 years, 21 (84%) had a positive culture (p-value=0.041, significant). Diabetic patients had a significantly higher incidence of mucormycosis compared to non diabetics based on culture results (p-value=0.004). The mortality rate in this study was 26 (25%). Conclusion: Mucormycosis was more prevalent in males and predominantly affected the paranasal sinuses. Risk factors such as age category, sex, and a history of diabetes were significantly associated with the presence of mucormycosis. KOH can be used as a quick diagnostic test to initiate prompt treatment.
Propuesta de implantación de políticas de complemento salarial en el Ingreso Mínimo Vital y en el IRPF: un análisis empírico con EUROMOD
Authors:   Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Gómez de Antonio Miguel , Villazán Pellejero Noemí ,   Ayuntamiento de Madrid
Published: November 2023

This paper analyzes the effect of two complementary making work pay policies using EUROMOD. The first policy is targeted to households in severe poverty and has been designed as a wage complement on the Ingreso Mínimo Vital (IMV). The second has a broader coverage and consist on a refundable tax credit for individuals with low wages. We analyze the effects of these policies on poverty, income distribution and labor market participation. The results show that these policies have positive effects on poverty reduction, as they significantly improve the income levels of households participating in the labor market, especially for households with children. At the extensive margin, disincentives to labor market participation are reduced, maintaining adequate levels of protection against unemployment. At the intensive margin, they slightly soften the disincentive on labor market participation of households in severe poverty.
Green Public Procurement in Spain
Authors:   Universitat de Girona, Rosell Jordi
Published: November 2023

We analyse green public procurement (GPP) implementation in Spain by examining thousands of procurement processes for the period 2012 through 2019. Our logistic regressions highlight three main findings: first, the 2014/24/UE directive transposition on public procurements fosters GPP adoption in Spain, its most marked effect being recorded among the more bureaucratic, less flexible, bodies; second, regional and local tiers of government are not as green in their procurement processes when we control for sector effects; and, third, there is a year-end effect that reduces the GPP on central and regional governments.
Computing the EU’s SURE Interest Savings with an Extended Debt Sustainability Analysis Tool
Authors:   Banco de España, Burriel Pablo , Pérez Javier J. ,   Banco de España, Kataryniuk Ivan ,   Banco de España
Published: November 2023

The EU’s SURE programme provided loans to member states to fund public spending on unemployment schemes during the COVID-19 crisis. Funds were raised through securities issued on capital markets and disbursed as bilateral loans. This paper examines the interest savings from loans for Belgium, Spain, Portugal, and Italy using a Debt Sustainability Analysis tool extended to account for different types of debt. Results show signifcant interest savings under the SURE programme, with potential for even greater savings during periods of market stress.