bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulating the structure-property relationship in weld zones
Authors: Slupska U , Beketov O , Rott N , Laukhin D , Tverdokhlib O , Verner I
Published: July 2024

Purpose. This study investigates the relationship between the geometrical parameters of welded zones and the corresponding structural state formed in low-carbon low-alloy steels after electron beam welding. Methods. A simulation model was developed and simulation experiments were conducted. Results. The relationship between the geometrical parameters of welded zones and the corresponding structural state of low-carbon low-alloy steels 09G2S, 10KhSND, and 10G2FB after electron beam welding was analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed by constructing a path diagram. The following variables were used to obtain the diagram: the percentage content of the structural components of ferrite and pearlite; geometric dimensions of the welded joint sections. Mathematical methods of covariance and correlation analysis were used to check the adequacy of the obtained model. The obtained data show that the indicators of the obtained criteria correspond to reliability. Scientific novelty. The methodology of applying confirmatory factor analysis for the quantitative analysis of the relationship between the geometrical parameters of welded zones and the corresponding structural state was developed. The relationship between the geometric dimensions of the welded joint zones and the corresponding structural state formed in low-carbon, low-alloy steels after electron beam welding and the corresponding structural state was analyzed. Practical significance. The confirmatory factor analysis was used to analyze the relationship between the geometrical parameters of welded zones and the corresponding structural state of low-carbon low-alloy steels 09Г2С, 10ХСНД, and 0Г2ФБ.
Predictive model for assessment of atmospheric air pollution by car transport
Authors: Rusakova T , Voitenko Y
Published: July 2024

Purpose. To investigate the dynamics of changes in the volume of pollutants entering the atmospheric air from stationary and mobile sources of pollution. To build a predictive model that links the amount of atmospheric air pollution with a number of factors affecting their level. Research methodology is based on the results of the analysis of correlations between the factor variables and the resulting variable to reveal the degree of their dependence and mutual influence, as well as the extent to which the regression model will explain a significant part of the variations of the resulting variable. The use of variance analysis allows to determine the probability of maintaining the null hypothesis and is a strong evidence for accepting the application of the regression model. Research results. On the basis of descriptive statistics, an analysis of the dynamics of changes in the volume of emissions into the atmosphere from stationary and mobile sources of emissions for the period from 2016 to 2021, taking into account the forecast until 2023, was carried out. A methodological approach has been developed for estimating the volume of atmospheric air pollution by vehicle emissions. An average and strong connection between the amount of atmospheric air pollution, the number of registered first and new vehicles, the number of electric cars and the amount of investments and expenses for environmental protection activities was revealed. Based on the correlation-regression analysis, a predictive model was obtained, on the basis of which the analysis of the received calculation data was carried out, its adequacy was checked and it was shown that the average relative error of the calculation data was 0.11%, the maximum relative error was 0.23%. Scientific novelty. A multifactor predictive model has been developed, which reflects the relationships between various factor variables and the total volume of atmospheric air pollution by emissions from mobile sources of pollution. Practical significance. The forecast calculations of the volumes of harmful emissions from mobile sources of pollution can be useful in creating long-term plans and measures to reduce the impact on the environment in the transport strategy management system.
Un museo de patrimonio tecnológico en una escuela de ingeniería
Authors: Doménech García Beatriz , Bachiller Martín Carmen
Published: July 2024

Los museos universitarios en España enfrentan desafíos derivados de la estructura del propio sistema universitario español, el cual se centra principalmente en la docencia y la investigación, dejando en un segundo plano la divulgación científica y la conservación del patrimonio. Este enfoque limita el apoyo institucional destinado a la preservación y difusión del patrimonio cultural y científico, lo que implica una falta de recursos y herramientas necesarios para gestionar adecuadamente las colecciones y museos universitarios, afectando negativamente su labor en conservación, investigación, enseñanza y divulgación del patrimonio. La escasez de recursos no es únicamente material, sino que también se traduce, en muchos casos, en una falta de personal cualificado que se haga cargo de los museos y colecciones, siendo el trabajo voluntario y no remunerado de personal docente e investigador o personal de administración y servicios el que hace posible esta gestión.
Diagnostic accuracy of the Fibrosis-4 index for advanced liver fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Han Ji Won , Kim Hee Yeon , Yu Jung Hwan , Kim Mi Na , Chon Young Eun , An Ji Hyun , Jin Young-Joo , Choi Miyoung , Kim Seung Up , Lee Han Ah , Jun Dae Won
Published: July 2024

Background/Aims: The Fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4) is a noninvasive test widely used to rule out advanced liver fibrosis (AF) in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, its diagnostic accuracy in NAFLD patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is controversial due to the high prevalence of AF in this population.Methods: Research focusing on the diagnostic accuracy of FIB-4 for liver fibrosis as validated by liver histology in NAFLD patients with T2DM was included, and 12 studies (n=5,624) were finally included in the meta-analysis. Sensitivity, specificity, hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic (HSROC), positive predictive values (PPVs), and negative predictive values (NPVs) at low cutoffs (1.3–1.67) and high cutoffs (2.67–3.25) for ruling in and out AF were calculated.Results: At low cutoffs, the meta-analysis revealed a sensitivity of 0.74, specificity of 0.62, and HSROC of 0.75. At high cutoffs, the analysis showed a sensitivity of 0.33, specificity of 0.92, and HSROC of 0.85, suggesting FIB-4 as useful for identifying or excluding AF. In subgroup analyses, high mean age and F3 prevalence were associated with lower sensitivity. The calculated NPV and PPV were 0.82 and 0.49 at low cutoffs, whereas the NPV was 0.28 and the PPV was 0.70 at high cutoffs. There were insufficient estimated NPVs <0.90 at a hypothesized prevalence of AF >30% at an FIB-4 cutoff range of 1.3–1.67.Conclusions: Collectively, FIB-4 has moderate diagnostic accuracy for identifying or excluding AF in NAFLD patients with T2DM, but more evidence must be accumulated due to the limited number of currently reported studies and their heterogeneity.
Normalisation of Haemostasis in Haemophilia A
Authors: Standeven Kristina
Published: July 2024

Haemophilia A (Factor VIII [FVIII] levels ≤40 IU/dL) is a chronic condition with consequences beyond bleeding complications. Many people with haemophilia A (PwHA) experience pain, joint damage, psychosocial impacts, restrictions in daily activities, and limitations in physical activities. Cédric Hermans, Professor at the Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium, outlined how ambitious treatment goals, beyond converting severe haemophilia A into a more moderate or mild form of the condition, are required. With new treatments, it will be possible to target FVIII activity levels in the non-haemophilia range (>40 IU/dL), allowing PwHA to reach freedom from bleeds, leading to a haemophilia-free mindset, and comparable quality of life (QoL) with their peers. Maria Elisa Mancuso, Senior Haematology Consultant at IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy, highlighted the evolution of haemophilia A treatments; she showed clinical evidence that a zero-bleed goal may require sustained FVIII activity levels >40 IU/dL for complete protection against all types of bleeds and joint damage. Rubén Berrueco, Paediatric Haematologist at the Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona Children’s Hospital, Spain, described the haemophilia paediatric patient journey, and how uncertainties related to bleeds and treatment burden pose unique challenges for children and their caregivers. He presented his perspectives on challenges with current treatments (e.g., delayed inhibitor development, subclinical bleeds, and lack of skills for intravenous administration) and the need to improve self-autonomy and decrease hospital dependency. New treatments to achieve the non-haemophilia range of FVIII could address current unmet needs. The experts discussed that treatments for many diseases (e.g., diabetes, hypertension) aim to restore normal values (blood sugar, blood pressure), which was not the case until now for haemophilia. A more patient-centred approach with treatments targeting normal values of FVIII could allow all PwHA to become mentally and physically liberated from the constraints of their condition, and to live with optimised health and well-being.
Building the Bürgerbibliothek: donating to the Zurich citizens’ library in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries
Authors: Brookman Zachary
Published: July 2024

This paper uses the donors’ register of the Zurich Bürgerbibliothek (‘citizens’ library’) to explore how the collection of the city’s first public library developed in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The donors’ register records over 3,000 gifts from some 900 local and foreign benefactors between 1629, the year of the library’s founding, and 1769. Unlike a standard library or auction catalogue, the donors’ register allows us to observe engagement with the Bürgerbibliothek over time and reveals that, while a remarkable influx of patrons in the first decade of the library’s existence secured its position in the cultural and intellectual fabric of Zurich society, international interest in the institution dropped significantly by the end of the seventeenth century. Nevertheless, the Bürgerbibliothek’s consistent growth across the period attests to the popularity of the library and its accessible collection at a local level as well as its benefactors’ belief in the reciprocal value of patronising this new type of civic institution.
The repression-dissent nexus in high-threat environments: Evidence from communist Romania
Authors: Surdea Vlad , Plopeanu Aurelian
Published: July 2024

We demonstrate the persistent role of political violence in shaping identities, making people from victimised communities more likely to engage in dissent even in high-threat environments. Theoretically, we argue that extreme repression instills anti-regime hostility that is curated and nurtured over time, making dissent the appropriate form of political behaviour when the opportunity arises, regardless of its consequences. Our research focuses on the Romanian Gulag, a network of labour camps, penal colonies and extermination centres used by the communist regime to suppress opposition, resulting in hundreds of thousands of deaths between 1945 and 1965. Using spatial regression and instrumental variable methods, we find that places with Gulag facilities had, on average, 5 times more people injured during the anti-communist revolution of 1989. Bayesian process tracing, conducted in a pathway case selected using causal forests, provides ample evidence in support of our theorised causal mechanism.
ENHANCING SPIRITUAL CARE IN NURSING PRACTICE: EXPLORING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN IMPLEMENTATION OF SPIRITUAL ASPECTS AND FULFILLMENT OF PATIENTS' SPIRITUAL NEEDS
Authors: Aris Citra Wisuda Aris Citra Wisuda , Tukimin bin Sansuwito  , Citra Suraya  , Dian Emiliasari
Published: July 2024

Background: Nurses are integral to comprehensive patient care, addressing biological, psychological, social, and spiritual dimensions. Spiritual care is a crucial component of nursing, ensuring patients' holistic well-being. Objective: This study explores the link between nurses' spiritual application and inpatients' spiritual fulfillment. Method: Conducted at Siti Khadijah Islamic Hospital, Palembang from October to December 2023, this quantitative research sampled 42 inpatients through simple random sampling. Data collected via questionnaires were analyzed using univariate and bivariate methods (chi-square). Instruments included "Aspects of Application of Spirituality" and the Spiritual Care Competency Scale (SCCS), alongside the Spiritual Needs Questionnaire (SpNQ) for assessing spiritual fulfillment. Results: the relationship between the application of the spirituality aspect of nurses and the fulfillment of the spiritual needs of inpatients is 64.3%, indicating that the application of the spirituality aspect of nurses is considered not good. Meanwhile, as many as 35.7% of patients indicated that the implementation of the spirituality aspects of nurses was good. Chi-square analysis (p=0.011) indicated a significant correlation between nurses' spiritual practices and inpatients' spiritual fulfillment. Recommendation: Enhancing spiritual practices requires structured interventions like spiritual skills training, framework development, monitoring systems, leadership support, and collaborative training. These measures aim to elevate healthcare service quality and ensure holistic patient care.
A synoptic literature review of animal models for investigating the biomechanics of knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Xu Luyang , Kazezian Zepur , Pitsillides Andrew A. , Bull Anthony M. J.
Published: July 2024

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common chronic disease largely driven by mechanical factors, causing significant health and economic burdens worldwide. Early detection is challenging, making animal models a key tool for studying its onset and mechanically-relevant pathogenesis. This review evaluate current use of preclinicalin vivomodels and progressive measurement techniques for analysing biomechanical factors in the specific context of the clinical OA phenotypes. It categorizes preclinicalin vivomodels into naturally occurring, genetically modified, chemically-induced, surgically-induced, and non-invasive types, linking each to clinical phenotypes like chronic pain, inflammation, and mechanical overload. Specifically, we discriminate between mechanical and biological factors, give a new explanation of the mechanical overload OA phenotype and propose that it should be further subcategorized into two subtypes, post-traumatic and chronic overloading OA. This review then summarises the representative models and tools in biomechanical studies of OA. We highlight and identify how to develop a mechanical model without inflammatory sequelae and how to induce OA without significant experimental trauma and so enable the detection of changes indicative of early-stage OA in the absence of such sequelae. We propose that the most popular post-traumatic OA biomechanical models are not representative of all types of mechanical overloading OA and, in particular, identify a deficiency of current rodent models to represent the chronic overloading OA phenotype without requiring intraarticular surgery. We therefore pinpoint well standardized and reproducible chronic overloading models that are being developed to enable the study of early OA changes in non-trauma related, slowly-progressive OA. In particular, non-invasive models (repetitive small compression loading model and exercise model) and an extra-articular surgical model (osteotomy) are attractive ways to present the chronic natural course of primary OA. Use of these models and quantitative mechanical behaviour tools such as gait analysis and non-invasive imaging techniques show great promise in understanding the mechanical aspects of the onset and progression of OA in the context of chronic knee joint overloading. Further development of these models and the advanced characterisation tools will enable better replication of the human chronic overloading OA phenotype and thus facilitate mechanically-driven clinical questions to be answered.
Multifocal epithelial hyperplasia: an understudied infectious disease affecting ethnic groups. A mini review
Authors: Conde-Ferráez Laura , González-Losa María del Refugio
Published: July 2024

Focal Epithelial Hyperplasia or Multifocal Epithelial Hyperplasia (MEH), also known as Heck’s disease, is considered a rare pathology of the oral mucosa associated with human papillomavirus types 13 and 32. For reasons not fully understood, MEH disproportionally affects specific populations of indigenous groups around the world. After the first reports in Native Americans, the epidemiology of the disease has been described in different geographical regions mainly related to particular indigenous populations, the majority of the studies are clinical case reports, but the biological determinants are still unknown. Some suggested risk factors include chronic irritation caused by smoking, a galvanic current, vitamin A deficiency, and/or a familial-genetic predisposition; however, the scientific evidence is not solid due the scarcity of case-control studies or longitudinal cohorts. In light of the evidence, further study of the pathology of MEH should be considered and proper clinical trials for effective treatments should be designed. The disease warrants further study as it is considered as neglected by research and it affects rural/remote population groups usually living in adverse socioeconomic conditions.
Grid-connection transmission system planning of offshore wind farm cluster consider the project income
Authors: He Fang , Liu Yang , Feng Qirui , Wei Shurong
Published: July 2024

The scale and cluster development of offshore wind power faces the constraints of high construction cost, limited submarine corridor resources, etc. Under the background of offshore wind power parity development, it is urgent to consider the actual constraints of the project and the impact of project income on the owner, and the construction of offshore public station and the optimal selection of transmission method have become an important measure to reduce the cost and increase the efficiency of offshore wind power. A life-cycle cost model for offshore wind farm cluster grid-connection system planning is constructed to consider the project income, and the offshore public station location and capacity, transmission method, and high-voltage cable selection and path are optimized, which are solved by an improved single parent genetic algorithm and a topology repair strategy based on graph theory. The results show that the proposed planning scheme can effectively improve the life-cycle project income of the grid-connection system and provide technical support for the grid-connection planning of large-scale offshore wind farm clusters.
Analysis of mangrove distribution and suitable habitat in Beihai, China, using optimized MaxEnt modeling: improving mangrove restoration efficiency
Authors: Lifeng Li , Wenai Liu , Mo Wang , Shuangjiao Cai , Fuqin Liu , Xiaoling Xu , Yancheng Tao , Yunhong Xue , Weiguo Jiang
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Mangroves are an important component of coastal ecosystems, and determining the spatial dispersion of prevalent mangrove species and the most suitable land-use source for mangrove growth is of great importance for judicious restoration and effective conservation approaches. Maximum entropy (MaxEnt) models are well suited for this task; however, the default parameterization such models for distribution prediction has limitations and may produce results with low accuracy, requiring elucidation of useful parameter settings. Further, a focus on predicting only the mangrove distribution is insufficient for mangrove restoration, and clarification of suitable habitats is required. Here, we examined the geographical distribution of six mangrove species in Beihai, China (Aricennia marina, Aegiceras corniculatum, Kandelia obovata, Rhizophora stylosa, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, and Acanthus ilicifolius).

Methods

We used the ENMTools tool to select 16 variables from environmental factors, including bioclimate, terrain, sediment type, land-use classification, and sea-surface salinity and temperature. Using the selected variables and mangrove distribution data, a MaxEnt model optimized using the “kuenm” package in R was used to establish a mangrove prediction distribution model for Beihai City. Transition analyses of land-use types within suitable zones further clarified their current and potential functional roles.

Results and discussion

The spatial occurrences of A. marina, A. corniculatum, and K. obovata were strongly driven by topographical features, those of R. stylosa and B. gymnorrhiza mostly depended on bioclimatic variables, and that of A. ilicifolius was driven mostly by edaphic conditions, notably the substrate type. The predicted optimal suitable area for mangrove growth in Beihai City was 50.76 km2, of which 55.04% are currently officially protected. Unprotected areas suitable for mangrove growth were mainly located in Lianzhou Bay, Tieshangang Bay, Dafengjiang, and Xicun Port. The majority of these regions were derived from land-use transitions from wetlands and aquaculture ponds to forested ecosystems. We suggest that careful development of selected wetland ecosystems and transmutation of aquaculture ponds into forested landscapes are crucial for effective mangrove restoration. Our results will assist in selecting suitable species for mangrove restoration sites and improving mangrove restoration efficiency.
Dilated cardiomyopathy caused by mutation of the PNPLA2 gene: a case report and literature review
Authors: Wang Shuai , Wu Sha , Peng Daoquan
Published: July 2024

Deficiency of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) due to mutation in PNPLA2 causes neutral lipid storage disease with myopathy (NLSDM), an autosomal recessive disorder (MIM: #610717). NLSDM patients are mainly affected by progressive myopathy, cardiomyopathy, and hepatomegaly. Cardiac involvement was reported in 40%–50% of NLSDM patients. Patients with cardiac involvement have adult-onset progressive heart failure, mimicking dilated or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The clinical characteristics, genotype–phenotype correlation, and prognosis of cardiomyopathy secondary to PNPLA2 mutation are not understood. We reported two male patients carrying a homozygous splicing mutation NM_020376.4 (c.757 + 1G>T) in PNPLA2, presenting with severe dilated cardiomyopathy and mild skeletal muscle involvement. Through the literature review, the ECG and imaging features and the prognosis of 49 previously reported cases of cardiomyopathy caused by the PNPLA2 mutation were summarized. This study suggests that NLSDM should be considered a cause of cardiomyopathy, especially in those with elevated creatine kinase (CK) levels, regardless of whether symptoms such as muscle weakness or atrophy are present.
Involvement of tumor immune microenvironment metabolic reprogramming in colorectal cancer progression, immune escape, and response to immunotherapy
Authors: Nicolini Andrea , Ferrari Paola
Published: July 2024

Metabolic reprogramming is a k`ey hallmark of tumors, developed in response to hypoxia and nutrient deficiency during tumor progression. In both cancer and immune cells, there is a metabolic shift from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to aerobic glycolysis, also known as the Warburg effect, which then leads to lactate acidification, increased lipid synthesis, and glutaminolysis. This reprogramming facilitates tumor immune evasion and, within the tumor microenvironment (TME), cancer and immune cells collaborate to create a suppressive tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). The growing interest in the metabolic reprogramming of the TME, particularly its significance in colorectal cancer (CRC)—one of the most prevalent cancers—has prompted us to explore this topic. CRC exhibits abnormal glycolysis, glutaminolysis, and increased lipid synthesis. Acidosis in CRC cells hampers the activity of anti-tumor immune cells and inhibits the phagocytosis of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), while nutrient deficiency promotes the development of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and M2-like macrophages. In CRC cells, activation of G-protein coupled receptor 81 (GPR81) signaling leads to overexpression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and reduces the antigen presentation capability of dendritic cells. Moreover, the genetic and epigenetic cell phenotype, along with the microbiota, significantly influence CRC metabolic reprogramming. Activating RAS mutations and overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) occur in approximately 50% and 80% of patients, respectively, stimulating glycolysis and increasing levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) and MYC proteins. Certain bacteria produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which activate CD8+ cells and genes involved in antigen processing and presentation, while other mechanisms support pro-tumor activities. The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in selected CRC patients has shown promise, and the combination of these with drugs that inhibit aerobic glycolysis is currently being intensively researched to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy.
Assessing immune factors in maternal milk and paired infant plasma antibody binding to human rhinoviruses
Authors: Vera Jessica M. , McIlwain Sean J. , Fye Samantha , Palmenberg Ann , Bochkov Yury A. , Li Hanying , Pinapati Richard , Tan John C. , Gern James E. , Seroogy Christine M. , Ong Irene M.
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Before they can produce their own antibodies, newborns are protected from infections by transplacental transfer of maternal IgG antibodies and after birth through breast milk IgA antibodies. Rhinovirus (RV) infections are extremely common in early childhood, and while RV infections often result in only mild upper respiratory illnesses, they can also cause severe lower respiratory illnesses such as bronchiolitis and pneumonia.

Methods

We used high-density peptide arrays to profile infant and maternal antibody reactivity to capsid and full proteome sequences of three human RVs - A16, B52, and C11.

Results

Numerous plasma IgG and breast milk IgA RV epitopes were identified that localized to regions of the RV capsid surface and interior, and also to several non-structural proteins. While most epitopes were bound by both IgG and IgA, there were several instances where isotype-specific and RV-specific binding were observed. We also profiled 62 unique RV-C protein loop sequences characteristic of this species’ capsid VP1 protein.

Discussion

Many of the RV-C loop sequences were highly bound by IgG from one-year-old infants, indicating recent or ongoing active infections, or alternatively, a level of cross-reactivity among homologous RV-C sites.
Interleukin-38 overexpression in keratinocytes limits desquamation but does not affect the global severity of imiquimod-induced skin inflammation in mice
Authors: Huard Arnaud , Rodriguez Emiliana , Talabot-Ayer Dominique , Weigert Andreas , Palmer Gaby
Published: July 2024

Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease that significantly impacts the patients’ quality of life. Recent studies highlighted the function of the interleukin (IL)-1 family member IL-38 in skin homeostasis and suggested an anti-inflammatory role for this cytokine in psoriasis. In this study, we generated mice specifically overexpressing the IL-38 protein in epidermal keratinocytes. We confirmed IL-38 overexpression in the skin by Western blotting. We further detected the protein by ELISA in the plasma, as well as in conditioned media of skin explants isolated from IL-38 overexpressing mice, indicating that IL-38 produced in the epidermis is released from keratinocytes and can be found in the circulation. Unexpectedly, epidermal IL-38 overexpression did not impact the global severity of imiquimod (IMQ)-induced skin inflammation, Similarly, keratinocyte activation and differentiation in IMQ-treated skin were not affected by increased IL-38 expression and there was no global effect on local or systemic inflammatory responses. Nevertheless, we observed a selective inhibition of CXCL1 and IL-6 production in response to IMQ in IL-38 overexpressing skin, as well as reduced Ly6g mRNA levels, suggesting decreased neutrophil infiltration. Epidermal IL-38 overexpression also selectively affected the desquamation process during IMQ-induced psoriasis, as illustrated by reduced plaque formation. Taken together, our results validate the generation of a new mouse line allowing for tissue-specific IL-38 overexpression. Interestingly, epidermal IL-38 overexpression selectively affected specific disease-associated readouts during IMQ-induced psoriasis, suggesting a more complex role of IL-38 in the inflamed skin than previously recognized. In particular, our data highlight a potential involvement of IL-38 in the regulation of skin desquamation.
Retrieval and spatiotemporal variation of total suspended matter concentration using a MODIS-derived hue angle in the coastal waters of Qinhuangdao, China
Authors: Wang Lin , Wang Xiang , Meng Qinghui , Chen Yanlong , Wang Xinxin , Jiang Lingling , Shang Yuhao
Published: July 2024

The CIE hue angle has significant potential in marine ecology and environment monitoring using remote sensing methods. It is calculated from the remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) of all visible bands, which serves as a comprehensive indicator of seawater radiance information and represents one of the key quantitative parameters for assessing seawater color. In this study, a remote sensing retrieval model of total suspended matter concentration (TSM) was developed using the in situ measured data acquired in the coastal waters of Qinhuangdao from 2013 to 2021. This model, based on the CIE hue angle, achieved performance metrics of R2 = 0.68, MAPE=24.47%, and RMSE=2.72 mg/L, demonstrating better accuracy than traditional empirical models that utilize fewer bands. Based on this model, the monthly and interannual TSM in the coastal waters of Qinhuangdao from 2003 to 2023 were retrieved. Influenced by natural factors, such as the monsoons, the TSM in the coastal waters of Qinhuangdao generally exhibited a trend of first decreasing and then increasing from January to December. Except for certain anomalous years (2007, 2008, 2017, etc.), the overall variation process of TSM from 2003 to 2023 showed an initial increase followed by a decrease, closely related to the pollution reduction management requirements implemented by the Chinese government in different periods. The findings of this paper demonstrate that the coastal waters of Qinhuangdao have become clearer, and the ecological environment has been effectively improved as a result of the Chinese government’s vigorous promotion of ecological civilization construction, adhering to the development concept that ‘lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets’, and by introducing the action plan for the comprehensive treatment of pollution in the Bohai Sea.
Barriers to care linkage and educational impact on unnecessary MASLD referrals
Authors: Lee Jun-Hyuk , Yoon Eileen Laurel , Oh Ju Hyun , Kim Kyunam , Ahn Sang Bong , Jun Dae Won
Published: July 2024

Background

The importance of primary care physicians (PCPs) in managing metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has increased. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of an online educational program on MASLD among physicians.

Methods

In total, 869 physicians (72 physicians at referral centers and 797 PCPs) participated in this study. They completed an initial survey regarding their clinical practices for patients with MASLD, followed by a second online survey 8 weeks after receiving a series of seven weekly sets of educational materials on MASLD.

Results

In the baseline survey, most PCPs did not routinely evaluate the stage of hepatic fibrosis in MASLD; they typically initiated assessments based on elevated liver enzyme levels. Only a limited number of PCPs used vibration-controlled transient elastography. The main hurdles in managing MASLD were “the absence of a fee for patient education” for PCPs and “short consultation time” for referral-center physicians. In the follow-up survey, the percentage of liver fibrosis assessments using noninvasive tests increased from 7.0 to 11.2%. Additionally, evaluations for cardiovascular disease increased from 3.9 to 8.2%, and the risk of ischemic stroke increased from 13.7 to 16.9%. The percentage of immediate referrals of patients to specialists after an MASLD diagnosis decreased from 15.4 to 12.3%.

Conclusion

The discrepancies in management strategies and viewpoints regarding MASLD between PCPs and referral-center physicians can hinder efforts to mitigate the disease burden. Increasing awareness among PCPs regarding MASLD through a 7-week education program led to a reduction in unnecessary referral rates and an increase in cardiovascular evaluations.
Measuring information alignment in hyperscanning research with representational analyses: moving beyond interbrain synchrony
Authors: Varlet Manuel , Grootswagers Tijl
Published: July 2024

Hyperscanning, which enables the recording of brain activity from multiple individuals simultaneously, has been increasingly used to investigate the neuropsychological processes underpinning social interaction. Previous hyperscanning research has primarily focused on interbrain synchrony, demonstrating an enhanced alignment of brain waves across individuals during social interaction. However, using EEG hyperscanning simulations, we here show that interbrain synchrony has low sensitivity to information alignment across people. Surprisingly, interbrain synchrony remains largely unchanged despite manipulating whether two individuals are seeing same or different things at the same time. Furthermore, we show that hyperscanning recordings do contain indices of interpersonal information alignment and that they can be captured using representational analyses. These findings highlight major limitations of current hyperscanning research and offer a promising alternative for investigating interactive minds.
Nutritional importance of animal-sourced foods in a healthy diet
Authors: Sheffield Sydney , Fiorotto Marta L. , Davis Teresa A.
Published: July 2024

Animal-sourced foods, such as meats, poultry, eggs, milk, and fish are nutrient-dense foods that are rich sources of protein, essential amino acids, and micronutrients that can be challenging to obtain solely through plant-based foods. Animal-sourced protein foods provide crucial nutrients that support the growth and development in children, maintenance of muscle mass and function in adults, gain in muscle mass and strength in exercising individuals, and mitigation of sarcopenia in the elderly. The 2020–2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans have identified the important role of animal-sourced foods in the diet at every stage of life. Animal-sourced foods are consumed worldwide and contribute to global food security.
Promotion of tumor angiogenesis and growth induced by low-dose antineoplastic agents via bone-marrow-derived cells in tumor tissues
Authors: You Huining , Zhao Peipei , Zhao Xue , Zheng Qiaowei , Ma Wenbing , Cheng Kai , Li Min , Kou Jianrong , Feng Weiyi
Published: July 2024

Background

More research is needed to solidify the basis for reasonable metronomic chemotherapy regimens due to the inconsistent clinical outcomes from studies on metronomic chemotherapy with antineoplastic agents, along with signs of a nonlinear dose–response relationship at low doses. The present study therefore explored the dose–response relationships of representative antineoplastic agents in low dose ranges and their underlying mechanisms.

Methods

Cyclophosphamide (CPA) and 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) were employed to observe the effects of the frequent administration of low-dose antineoplastic agents on tumor growth, tumor angiogenesis, and bone-marrow-derived cell (BMDC) mobilization in mouse models. The effects of antineoplastic agents on tumor and endothelial cell functions with or without BMDCs were analyzed in vitro.

Results

Tumor growth and metastasis were significantly promoted after the administration of CPA or 5-Fu at certain low dose ranges, and were accompanied by enhanced tumor angiogenesis and proangiogenic factor expression in tumor tissues, increased proangiogenic BMDC release in the circulating blood, and augmented proangiogenic BMDC retention in tumor tissues. Low concentrations of CPA or 5-Fu were found to significantly promote tumor cell migration and invasion, and enhance BMDC adhesion to endothelial cells in vitro.

Conclusion

These results suggest that there are risks in empirical metronomic chemotherapy using low-dose antineoplastic agents and the optimal dosage and administration schedule of antineoplastic agents need to be determined through further research.
Targeting the NRF2 pathway for disease modification in neurodegenerative diseases: mechanisms and therapeutic implications
Authors: Mayer Clara , Riera-Ponsati Lluís , Kauppinen Sakari , Klitgaard Henrik , Erler Janine T. , Hansen Stine N.
Published: July 2024

Neurodegenerative diseases constitute a global health issue and a major economic burden. They significantly impair both cognitive and motor functions, and their prevalence is expected to rise due to ageing societies and continuous population growth. Conventional therapies provide symptomatic relief, nevertheless, disease-modifying treatments that reduce or halt neuron death and malfunction are still largely unavailable. Amongst the common hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases are protein aggregation, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction. Transcription factor nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) constitutes a central regulator of cellular defense mechanisms, including the regulation of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and mitochondrial pathways, making it a highly attractive therapeutic target for disease modification in neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we describe the role of NRF2 in the common hallmarks of neurodegeneration, review the current pharmacological interventions and their challenges in activating the NRF2 pathway, and present alternative therapeutic approaches for disease modification.
An advanced three-dimensional phenotypic measurement approach for extracting Ginkgo root structural parameters based on terrestrial laser scanning
Authors: Liang Yinyin , Zhou Kai , Cao Lin
Published: July 2024

The phenotyping of plant roots is essential for improving plant productivity and adaptation. However, traditional techniques for assembling root phenotyping information are limited and often labor-intensive, especially for woody plants. In this study, an advanced approach called accurate and detailed quantitative structure model-based (AdQSM-based) root phenotypic measurement (ARPM) was developed to automatically extract phenotypes from Ginkgo tree root systems. The approach involves three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the point cloud obtained from terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) to extract key phenotypic parameters, including root diameter (RD), length, surface area, and volume. To evaluate the proposed method, two approaches [minimum spanning tree (MST)-based and triangulated irregular network (TIN)-based] were used to reconstruct the Ginkgo root systems from point clouds, and the number of lateral roots along with RD were extracted and compared with traditional methods. The results indicated that the RD extracted directly from point clouds [coefficient of determination (R2) = 0.99, root-mean-square error (RMSE) = 0.41 cm] outperformed the results of 3D models (MST-based: R2 = 0.71, RMSE = 2.20 cm; TIN-based: R2 = 0.54, RMSE = 2.80 cm). Additionally, the MST-based model (F1 = 0.81) outperformed the TIN-based model (F1 = 0.80) in detecting the number of first-order and second-order lateral roots. Each phenotyping trait fluctuated with a different cloud parameter (CP), and the CP value of 0.002 (r = 0.94, p < 0.01) was found to be advantageous for better extraction of structural phenotypes. This study has helped with the extraction and quantitative analysis of root phenotypes and enhanced our understanding of the relationship between architectural parameters and corresponding physiological functions of tree roots.
Dynamic restoration mechanism of plant community in the burned area of northeastern margin of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
Authors: Li Zizhen , Wei Jia , Zhou Xiaolei , Tian Qing , He Wanpeng , Cao Xueping
Published: July 2024

Forest fires play a pivotal role in influencing ecosystem evolution, exerting a profound impact on plant diversity and community stability. Understanding post-fire recovery strategies holds significant scientific importance for the ecological succession and restoration of forest ecosystems. This study utilized Partial Least Squares Path Modeling (PLS-PM) to investigate dynamic relationships among plant species diversity, phylogenetic diversity, soil properties, and community stability during various recovery stages (5-year, 15-year, and 23-year) following wildfires on the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The findings revealed: (1) Over time, species richness significantly decreased (p< 0.05 or p< 0.01), while species diversity and dominance increased, resulting in uniform species distribution. Community stability progressively improved, with increased species compositional similarity. (2) Throughout succession, phylogenetic diversity (PD) significantly decreased (p< 0.01), accompanied by rising Mean Pairwise Distance (MPD) and Mean Nearest Taxon Distance (MNTD). Net Relatedness Index (NRI) shifted from positive to negative, indicating an increasing aggregation and dominance of plants with similar evolutionary traits in burned areas. Early succession witnessed simultaneous environmental filtering and competitive exclusion, shifting predominantly to competitive exclusion in later stages. (3) PLS-PM revealed that in the early recovery stage, soil properties mainly affected community stability, while species diversity metamorphosed into the primary factor in the mid-to-late stages. In summary, this study showed that plant diversity and phylogenetic variation were successful in revealing changes in community structure during the succession process. Soil characteristics functioned as selective barriers for plant communities during succession, and community stability underwent a multi-faceted and dynamic process. The soil-plant dynamic feedback continuously enhanced soil conditions and community vegetation structure thereby augmenting stability. Post-fire vegetation gradually transitioned towards the original native state, demonstrating inherent ecological self-recovery capabilities in the absence of secondary disturbances.
Evaluation of soil nutrients and berry quality characteristics of Cabernet Gernischet (Vitis vinifera L.) vineyards in the eastern foothills of the Helan Mountains, China
Authors: Li Yashan , Li Qi , Yan Yinfang , Liu Weiqiang , Xu Chengdong , Wang Yanjun , Nan Lijun , Liu Xu
Published: July 2024

Soil is the basis of the existence of fruit tree and soil nutrients plays a crucial role in plant growth and berry quality. To investigate the characteristics and interrelationships between soil nutrients and berry quality in Cabernet Gernischet vineyards, this study focused on seven representative vineyards in the eastern foothills of the Helan Mountains. Fifteen soil physicochemical factors and 10 berry quality factors were measured, followed by variation analysis, correlation analysis, multiple linear regression (MLR), partial-least squares regression (PLSR), principal component analysis (PCA), and systematic cluster analysis. We identified the main soil nutrient indicators influencing berry quality and developed linear regression equations. Utilizing PCA, a comprehensive evaluation model for berry quality was constructed, which enabled the calculation and ranking of integrated berry quality scores. The results indicated that soil nutrients in the vineyards of the eastern foothills of the Helan Mountains are relatively deficient and alkaline. The coefficient of variation for soil nutrient factors ranged from 3.19 to 118.08% and for berry quality factors 2.41–26.37%. Correlation analysis revealed varying degrees of correlation between soil nutrient indicators and fruit quality indicators. PCA extracted four principal components with a cumulative contribution rate of 91.506%. Based on the scores of these components and their corresponding weights, a comprehensive model for evaluating the quality of Cabernet Gernischet berries was established. The vineyards were ranked from the highest to the lowest combined scores as Zhenbeibu (ZBB), Yuquanying (YQY), Dawukou (DWK), Beihaizi (BHZ), Shuxin (SX), Huangyangtan (HYT), and Hongde (HD). These findings provide insights into soil nutrient management and comprehensive quality assessment of vineyards in the eastern foothills of the Helan Mountains. In conclusion, this study offers a theoretical foundation for vineyard managers to enhance grape berries quality through soil nutrient management. This will aid in the diagnosis of vineyard soil nutrition and the efficient use of fertilizers, with critical practical and theoretical implications for the meticulous management of vineyards and the production of high-quality wines.
Investigating suicidal behavior among prisoners in the light of the behavioral addiction approach: results of a multicenter cross-sectional study
Authors: Horváthné Pató Irina , Kresznerits Szilvia , Szekeres Tamás , Zinner-Gérecz Ágnes , Perczel-Forintos Dóra
Published: July 2024

Introduction

The behavioral addiction model posits that repetitive suicidal behaviors can serve as maladaptive strategies for managing stress and negative emotional states, akin to substance addiction. Both behaviors involve negative emotions, offer temporary psychological relief, and persist, indicating shared neurobiological mechanisms. This study explored psychometric differences among major repeaters, occasional attempters, and non-suicidal prisoners.

Methods

A multi-centre cross-sectional survey of 363 inmates across four prisons assessed depression, cognitive-emotional regulation, impulsivity, perceived stress, lifetime non-suicidal self-injury and suicide attempts.

Results

Mild depression, moderate suicidal ideation, and moderate impulsivity were common, with nearly half of the participants having attempted suicide at least once. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed that repeated suicidal behavior in the past increases susceptibility to future suicidal thoughts, with suicide attempts serving as a maladaptive emotion regulation strategy among repeated attempters.

Discussion

The results reveal differences in emotional dysregulation, impulsivity, and stress coping strategies among the studied groups, reinforcing the idea of suicidality as a form of behavioral addiction. The addiction approach helps explain the sensitivity to later suicidal thoughts in former attempters and self-harmers, offering valuable insights for tailored interventions within correctional settings.