bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Purple Yam (Dioscorea alata) and Crookneck pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) Substitution on Organoleptic and Chemical Properties of Dodol
Authors: Oksadilla Danna , Rachmawati Rachmawati , Junita Dini
Published: November 2023

Dodol is a semi-wet food made from glutinous rice flour, coconut milk, and sugar, occasionally added with permitted food ingredients and other food additives. Purple yam and crookneck pumpkin can be added to dodol to change it. The objective is to determine how the substitution of purple yam and crookneck pumpkin may affect the chemical and organoleptic characteristics of dodol. The panelists used in this study were semi-panelists. This type of research is experimental with a completely randomized design (CRD), specifically 3 treatments and 3 repetitions using the hedonic test. Up to 30 students were trained, originating from the Department of Nutrition, Ministry of Health, Aceh. Utilizing the ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) and Duncan's New Multiple Range tests, data processing and analysis were performed. The most liked dodol is dodol with the addition of 80 g of purple yam and 40 g of crookneck pumpkin. Dodol organoleptic test results include taste, aroma, texture, and color. The proximate test findings demonstrated that the addition of 40g of crookneck pumpkin and 80g of purple yam had an impact on the levels of fat and carbohydrates, and had a significant impact on the color, taste, aroma, and texture. It also had a significant impact on the proximate test of the food's fat and carbohydrate content. According to the researcher's recommendations, the dodol should be cooked for a longer period and with more glutinous rice flour in order to reduce its water content and extend its shelf life.
Effect of Muntingia calabura (Kersen) Leaf Decoction as an Antidiabetic on Blood Sugar Levels Among Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Authors: Melina Ika , Wagustina Silvia
Published: November 2023

Diabetes is a very high-prevalence metabolic disease characterized by increased blood sugar levels and disorders in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins due to insulin deficiency. This disease can also be treated through non-pharmacological treatment or herbal remedies, including by consuming the Muntingia (kersen) leaves decoction. Muntingia leaves contain flavonoids and saponins which are active antidiabetic substances functioning as inhibitors of the A-glucosidase enzymes. This study aims at determining the effect of Muntingia leaves decoction on blood sugar levels among Type II Diabetes patients in Pante Gajah, Peusangan, Bireuen. The study uses a quasi-experimental research design with treatment and controlled groups. 26 sample patients were chosen by total sampling techniques. Furthermore, the research variables are blood sugar levels (dependent variable) and Muntingia leaves decoction (independent variables). This study was done on 24-31 March 2022 within the scope of the Peusangan Community Health Center. The data were then analyzed by using an independent and dependent T-test. The results of the dependent test in the treatment group before consuming the decoction is 208.04 mg/dl and 180.92 after the treatment, the decrease is 27.12 mg/dl. The results of the independent test in the treatment group before consuming the decoction are 190.85 mg/dl on average and 144.69 mg/dl after the treatment, the decrease is 46.16 mg/dl. In the controlled group is 225.23 mg/dl before the treatment and 217.15 mg/dl after the treatment, the decrease is 8.08 mg/dl. The Muntingia leaves decoction has a significant effect on blood sugar levels.
Avaliação da trajetória profissional dos egressos de cursos de graduação em Odontologia de Angola
Authors: Tunguno Luisa Carmen de Barros Pedro , Zanin Luciane , Flório Flávia Martão
Published: November 2023

O objetivo foi avaliar a trajetória profissional dos egressos dos cursos de graduação em Odontologia de Angola em função do tempo de formados. Estudo observacional transversal de natureza quantitativa, realizado com os egressos das seis instituições de ensino superior que já haviam formado turmas, dentre as quais a primeira se formou em 2006. Ao todo, 285 cirurgiões-dentistas foram convidados a preencher um questionário pré-testado semiestruturado para identificar o perfil socioeconômico e demográfico, profissional e acadêmico dos respondentes desde a sua formação até a vivência na pandemia de COVID-19. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise descritiva e testadas as associações com o tempo de formado. A maioria dos egressos é do sexo feminino (73,3%), na faixa etária entre 30 e 39 anos (44,5%) e trabalha no setor público (30,1%). Menos de um quarto (20,6%) refere ter cursado pelo menos uma pós-graduação. A maioria (92,5%) se formou em Luanda, cidade em que reside a maior parte dos egressos (80,1%). Para 80,1%, o rendimento mensal médio é de até 10 salários mínimos (até 321.810,00 Kwanzas angolanos), considerado regular ou ruim pela maioria (77,4%). A pandemia de COVID-19 impactou bastante ou extremamente a vida profissional de 58,9% dos respondentes. Egressos formados até 2016 realizaram mais cursos de pós-graduação(p<0,05) e declararam ter maior rendimento mensal (p<0,05). Concluiu-se que os egressos de Odontologia de Angola se caracterizam por serem a maioria mulheres e graduados na capital. Quanto maior o tempo de formação profissional maior a titulação e satisfação com a renda.
Türkiye’de İletişim Eğitimi Alanında Akreditasyon Süreci
Authors: ŞENDUR ATABEK Gülseren
Published: November 2023

Türkiye’de iletişim alanı akreditasyon süreçlerinin gelişimi ve mevcut uygulaması ele alındığı bu makale, yazarın İletişim Eğitimi Değerlendirme Akreditasyon Kurulu (İLEDAK) değerlendiricisi ve İLEDAK akreditasyonundan geçmiş bulunan bölümlerdeki yaşadığı deneyimlerine dayanmaktadır. Bu bağlamda makalede, araştırmacının kendi katıldığı sürece etnografik bir perspektifle yaklaştığı düşünümsel (reflexive) bir yöntem kullanılmaktadır. 1980'lerden itibaren yaygınlaşan neoliberal anlayış ve 1999 Bologna deklarasyonunun imzalanmasıyla üniversitelerin yeniden yapılanması başlamıştır. Bu bağlamda kalite güvencesi ve akreditasyon süreçleri gündeme gelmiş, Avrupa Yükseköğretim Alanı (AYA) kapsamında 2015 yılında Yükseköğretim Kalite Kurulu (YÖKAK) oluşturulmuştur. YÖKAK tarafından 2018 yılında yetkilendirilen İletişim Araştırmaları Derneği (İLAD), İLEDAK eliyle Türkiye'de iletişim eğitimi alanında program akreditasyonu vermektedir. 2023 yılı itibarıyla 29 üniversitenin 69 programı akredite edilmiştir. Türk yükseköğretim sisteminde iletişim eğitimi akreditasyon süreçleri görece yeni olmakla birlikte giderek yaygınlaştığı görülmektedir. Kalite güvencesi ve akreditasyon süreçlerine alandaki akademisyenlerin eleştirel bir perspektifle katılımı bu süreçlerin daha ussal ve gerçekçi işlev kazanmasını sağlayabilecektir.
Activities of the NKVD of the USSR on counterintelligence support of the partisan movement in the Great Patriotic War (1941–1943)
Authors: Potemkin Igor , Lukyanov Sergey
Published: November 2023

The article analyzes the activities of the state security bodies (as part of the NKVD of the USSR) of counterintelligence support of the partisan movement, in order to identify and prevent the introduction of agents of the German special services into partisan formations and underground organizations, the creation of a secrecy regime in partisan detachments and formations, increasing the effectiveness of guerrilla warfare in the territories occupied by the enemy during the Great Patriotic War.
“Fry the skull of a catfish in oil. Apply it to the head”: on the issue of the diagnostics and treatment of conversion disorders in Ancient Egypt
Authors: Reunov Yury
Published: November 2023

The article deals with theoretical and applied aspects of the diagnostics and treatment in Ancient Egypt of diseased states, which in contemporary medicine are called conversion mental disorders. The analysis of medical papyri and ancient authors' data made it possible to reveal Egyptian priests' main approaches to the treatment of conversion disorders. The study identified essential socio-cultural predictors of the success of treatment actions, associated with the specificity of Ancient Egyptians' archaic consciousness.
L. Martov and M. Gorky. To the 150th anniversary of the birth of L. Martov
Authors: Nikitin Evgeny
Published: November 2023

The article tells about the relationship between L. Martov and M. Gorky, which lasted a decade and a half. Martov's letters to Gorky, introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, help to understand them better. The writer tried to reform the Sovremennik magazine three times. Initially, under the editorship of A.V. Amfiteatrov. Then - under E.A. Lyatsky. The third time when the magazine was headed by N.N. Sukhanov. At the third attempt to reform, Martov became the author of “Sovremennik”. After the closure of the magazine in the fall of 1915, he and a number of other authors moved to the “Chronicle” that Gorky had just created. N.N. Sukhanov became Gorky's co-editor for The Chronicle. Then they edited “New Life” together. Martov was the author of the newspaper. He emigrated in September 1920. Gorky was forced to leave Russia a year later. Abroad, the writer and the politician together edited the magazine “Chronicle of the Revolution”, published by the Publishing House of Z.I. Grzhebin. At the request of Martov Gorky, he defended the Social Revolutionaries who found themselves in the dock in the summer of 1922, wrote letters to A.I. Rykov and A. France. As a result, none of the SRS were shot this time. Gorky attended the funeral of Martov, who died on April 4, 1923 due to a serious illness.
The use of torture in the search for criminals and the execution of punishments (historical essay)
Authors: Pleshakov Alexander , Shkabin Gennadiy
Published: November 2023

The article deals with torture as a means and a way to search for criminals and carry out punishments, which were legitimate forms of criminal justice. The features of the legal regulation of torture in the monuments of Russian law of the 15th - 18th centuries are highlighted. The use of such common types of torture in pre-revolutionary Russia as the rack, whip and whip is analyzed.
“The Great Game”: genesis, essence and interpretations of the term in scientific and geopolitical discourse
Authors: Kryzhko Evgeniy , Pashkovsky Petr
Published: November 2023

The article examines the issues of genesis, essence and interpretations of the term “The Great Game” in scientific discourse. Features of the origin, introduction into scientific circulation, evolution of the content of this term and its synonyms in Western and Russian historiography have been characterized.
The Joseon political conflict between “Shi Da” and “Jiao Lin” in the early 17th century
Authors: Zhengxin Li
Published: November 2023

After the Battle of Sarhu, Gwanghaegun (光海君) made contacts with the Later Jin according to the situation. There was a heated debate among the Joseon Kings and ministers about whether to communicate with the Later Jin. For the Joseon politics, this incident involves not only the diplomatic debate between “Shi Da” (事大) and “Jiao Lin” (交邻), but also the political struggle between the parties and the rulers and ministers.
The Organizational Ambidexterity of School Principals in Hebron Governorate from the Teachers' Point of View
Authors: د. منال ماجد أبو منشار
Published: November 2023

This study aimed to determine the extent of organizational ambidexterity among school principals in Hebron governorate, as perceived by teachers. Additionally, it sought to investigate whether there were statistically significant differences, at a significance level of α≤ 0.05, in the average responses of the study sample members based on the following variables: gender, educational qualification, years of experience, and educational stage. The study adopted an analytical descriptive (quantitative) approach.

 

During the academic semester of 2022/2023, a sample of 323 male and female teachers was selected using the stratified random sampling method. These teachers were given a questionnaire consisting of 46 items, divided into four areas: ambidexterity in optimizing opportunities, ambidexterity in exploring new opportunities, ambidexterity in maximizing material resources, and ambidexterity in maximizing human resources.

 

The study findings revealed a high degree of availability of organizational ambidexterity among school principals, as perceived by teachers. The total score indicated an arithmetic mean of 3.88. Furthermore, there were no statistically significant differences, at a significance level of α≤ 0.05, in the average responses of the study sample regarding the availability of organizational prowess, with respect to the variables of educational qualification and years of experience. However, statistically significant differences were observed, at the same significance level, in the average responses of the study sample regarding the availability of organizational prowess, based on the variables of gender and educational stage.
سك النقود (العملة) في عهد الامويين
Authors: م.د. حسنين علي دلي العتابي
Published: November 2023

تناول بحثنا هذا : (سك النقود (العملة) في عهد الأمويين) ....

أن النقود تعد الوسيلة التي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنها في تسيير أمور الحياة اليومية ، حيث

وجدت النقود كحالة تطورية بعد أن كثرت مشاكل المقايضة ، وتبادل السلع بين الناس والدول .

ووضع الإسلام نظام نقدي متطورا جدا لو طبق بصورة صحيحة لحلت جميع المشاكل التي نتجت عن النقود ، والتعامل بها ، من ربا وقرض ، ودين واعادته.

إن انشغال الرسـول (ص) ، بنشـر الـدعـوة الاسلامية وتثبيت اركانها والتصدي لمناؤيها، قـد اشـغله هذا، إلى معالجـة سـك الـنـقـود اذ ابقى التعامل بها، لأن النقود هي ذاتها تحمل قيمتها لأنها مصنوعة من الذهب والفضة وهذه تعد معادن نفيسة.

وفي عهد الخلفاء الراشدين كانت المحاولات الأولى لإتخاذ عملـة مستقلة فكانت البدايـة منـذ عـهـد الخليفة عمر، وتجسدت اكثر وضوحا في عهد الخليفة الامام علي (ع ) عندما سك عملة عربية على طراز اسلامي واستمرت المحاولات بإجراءات متواضعة.

عندما حاول ملوك الروم الإساءة الى عقيدة الاسلام من خلال سلك العملة، تكاتفت جهد الاخيار على سـك عملة جديدة في عهـد عبـد الملك بن مروان، وبذلك أصبح للعرب المسلمين سكة نقدية خاصة بهم على الطراز العربي الاسلامي، وهذا يعد بداية الاستقلال النقدي للمجتمع الاسلامي.

وفي المجتمعات كافة عبرت النقـود عـن هيبة الدولة ومكانتها في الحياة بمختلف جوانبها، وفي مقدمتها الدولة العربية الإسلامية.

حيث أظهر البحث الخطوات الموفـقـة للدولة الأموية بصورة خاصة ، في إيجـاد نـقـد عربي إسلامي متميز والذي توج بخطوة الخليفة عبد الملك بن مروان ، في تعريب العملات والدواوين .

وإيضا أظهر البحـث مـدى الاهتمام والرعاية المباشرة من قبل الخلفاء الأمويين لموضـوع ضـرب الـنـقـود والمحافظة على نقاوتها
الرؤية النقدية لإحسان عباس في كتب التراجم الأندلسية
Authors: م.م ميادة فاضل عيسى
Published: November 2023

برع احسان عباس بكل ما هو جديد وأصيل عريق في مجالات شتى عديدة من ثقافتنا العربية والإسلامية ، سواء أكان دراسة أم تحقيقاً أم هما معاً في الأدب والنقد الأدبي، وفنيّ الشعر والنثر وأدب التراجم ، فقد كان يتصف في تراجمه التقاط الظواهر النثرية المتميزة والتعامل مع نصوص نثرية ذات خصائص وسمات فنية ،لقد تعامل احسان عباس مع التراث العربي والإسلامي من جانب تحقيق النصوص في شتى مختلف مجالات التراث كالأدب والنقد العربي والنثر والشعر وأدب التراجم لأنه اتخذ التراث أساساً ومصدراً للدراسة في التاريخ – تاريخ الأدب – والنقد الأدبي من خلال الاعتماد على المؤلفات التراثية لاستلهامه التراث التاريخي والنقدي بقراءته التحولات والتغيرات الحادة في التاريخ الثقافي العربي ؛ فقد استقل بإخراج النصوص المحققة منفرداً مهما طالت اجزاؤها وتعددت ،وبالأخص التراجم الأندلسية ومن أهمها : نفح الطيب للمقري الذي يقع في ثمانية مجلدات وكذلك نشر رسائل ابن حزم الأندلسي سنة 1955م في أربعة مجلدات وغيرها الكثير .

تعامل احسان عباس مع التراث برؤيته النقدية التي تدل على المثاقفة وتبادل الأفكار، ويتضح لنا مما تقدم إن احسان عباس كان ذا شخصية علمية اكاديمية فذة برع في شتى المجالات سواء في التحقيق أو التأليف وذلك لثقافته العربية الأصيلة العريقة بتراث اللغة العربية وثقافته العميقة في مصادر الأدب والشعر والنثر.
An Ideological Analysis of Persuasion in Biden’s Speech on Environmental Crisis
Authors: Samaa Assist. Lect Hamsa
Published: November 2023

تسعى هذه الدراسة إلى التبحر في خطاب بايدن حول تغير المناخ. الهدف من هذه الدراسة هو تحليل الأفكار المقصودة والخصائص الأساسية للخطاب السياسي للرئيس الأمريكي جو بايدن الذي القاه في افتتاح مؤتمر القادة الافتراضي حول المناخ في 22 أبريل 2021. تم جمع خطابه من  www.whitehouse.gov. ومن أجل الوصول إلى الهدف المركزي للدراسة، تم استخدام التحليل النقدي للخطاب كإطار نظري رئيسي لدراسة الخطاب. يتم إجراء تحليل البيانات المختارة من خلال الاعتماد على الاستراتيجيات الأيديولوجية الأربع لفان دايك؛ وصف الفاعل، الإجماع، لعبة الأرقام كاستراتيجيات جزئية، والعرض الذاتي الإيجابي كإستراتيجية كلية. وأظهرت نتائج الدراسة أن هذا الخطاب له خصائصه المميزة وأن اللغة تستخدم بشكل مدروس لكشف النقاب عن الأيديولوجيات الضمنية للمتحدث كقائد سياسي. يستخدم الرئيس الاستراتيجيات المذكورة أعلاه لإقناع العالم الدولي بقوته ونفوذه في التعامل مع المخاوف الرئيسية، وأحدها تغير المناخ.
مؤتمر الجابية جدل الخلافة وسلطة القبيلة في العصر الأموي
Authors: أ.م.د.نازدار عبدالله محمد سعيد
Published: November 2023

اعتمدت الخلافة الأموية القوة العسكرية لغرض سياستها وقد مثلت قبائل الشام أداتها الضاربة, ما مكنها من فرض مكانتها وأمتيازتها على النظام السياسي, وقد برزت هذه الاهمية بشكل جلي بعد وفاة معاوية الثاني بشكل غامض, دون أن يسمي ولياً للعهد, فأصبحت الأسرة الأموية قاب قوسين من السقوط, بعد أن بايعت أمصار الدولة لعبدالله بن الزبير أميراً للمؤمنين, بما فيها الشام, باستثناءات بسيطه, لذلك سارع الأمويون بما تبقى من القبائل الشامية المواليه لهم, للأجتماع في منطقة الجابيه, وتاكيداً لغرض مكانتها ودورها وامتيازاتها, طال الجدل بين المكونات القبلية لأربعين ليلة, أسفر عن تثبيت الحكم الأموي واستمراره ببيعة مروان بن الحكم للخلافة, ممثلاً للفرع المرواني, مستبعدين بذلك الفرع السفياني من بني أمية. وكان لما أقرته القوى القبيلة في الجابية, تداعيات خطيره على عموم الدولة, دفع فشل الخلافة في تجاوزها ثمن إستمرارها وسقوطها.
أثر انتقاء ألفاظ أساليب علم البيان في دلالة القصص القرآني
Authors: صكبان أ.م.د صالح كاظم صكبان
Published: November 2023

أثر انتقاء ألفاظ أساليب علم البيان   في دلالة القصص القرآني

    البحث يقوم على دراسة فاعلية الانتقاء في اختيار الألفاظ في القصص القرآني , والانتقاء يقوم على فاعلية العدول في استخدام لفظ دون لفظ أو تعبير دون تعبير من أجل ايصال الدلالة المراد بثها وكان ذلك في أساليب البيان المجاز العقلي , والمجاز المرسل , والتشبيه, والاستعارة , والكناية وهذا الدرس جاء في القصص القرآني الذي تمثل : به الانتقاء اللفظي المجازي , بوصفه قادرا على نقل القصة بكل مفاصلها الموحية مع القدرة على نقل الانفعالات الوجدانية  التي تصاحب الأحداث بدقة من خلال انتقاء اللفظ الإيحائي المعبر عن ذلك.
A Bibliometric Analysis on The Concept of Union Effectiveness
Authors: ÖZYAVAŞ Sinan
Published: November 2023

Aim: The main aim of this research is to examine the concept of 'union effectiveness' through the scientific mapping technique.

Method: Keyword, citation and bibliometric matching analysis was applied to 546 publications obtained from the Scopus database. Scientific mapping visuals were presented through Vosviewer software.

Results: It was determined that the journal with the highest number of publications is the British Journal of Industrial Relations. The USA is the country with the most publications. University of Haifa ranks first among the top 10 universities with the most publications. There is an intense interaction between the USA-China-Israel-South Korea-Ireland in the cluster of the most cited countries in the co-authorship network. The most prominent keywords in the studies are emotional commitment-employee turnover tendency-job satisfaction-organizational citizenship behavior-organizational commitment-performance-trust. It is seen that the most directly cited author is Cohen A. In the co-citation analysis of the document references, it was found that Boxall P and Haynes P (1997) were highly cited.

Conclusion: It is aimed that the data presented by this research will be a guide within its own limitations to academics who will address the issue of union effectiveness in their research.
“They do it in order to clown around”: the uses of sexual knowledge and secrecy among children from elementary schools in Catalonia.
Authors: Torra-Merin Martí
Published: November 2023

Abstract was submitted for the "Secrecy and Knowledge: Social and Cultural Responses to Secrecy" seminar at Newcastle University in 2022 but was ultimately rejected. The main argument was that Sexuality, as a type of public secrecy, is used by children to play with concealed knowledge. The seminar aimed to explore this particular use of sexuality among elementary school children in Catalonia.
Pathophysiology of Arthrofibrosis of the Knee after Ligamentous Injury and Repair: Synthesizing Past and Current Knowledge for Personalized Prevention
Authors: Flury Grace
Published: November 2023

Arthrofibrosis of the knee is one of the most common complications following ligamentous injury, affecting substantial amounts of patients following trauma and surgical procedures. Known symptoms of arthrofibrosis include limited range of motion, severe pain, joint stiffness, and joint effusion.1 Patients who develop arthrofibrosis often have a longer recovery time and an impaired healing process compared to non arthrofibrosis patients post ligamentous injury, due to long-lasting effects and stressors such as pain and instability. Such stressors can cause mechanical and psychological impairments that commonly prevent patients from doing normal day-to-day activities. In severe cases, arthrofibrosis can lead to unemployment due to the inability of patients to perform basic activities.1 Additionally, very few non-invasive treatment methods exist. A customary method of treatment for arthrofibrosis is arthroscopy to remove the deep tissue. Having to undergo a second surgery not only causes patients to be out of work for longer than planned, but also leads to higher hospital fees and bills. Reviewing the current state of literature, I identified diverse risk factors associated with arthrofibrosis, including age, sex, prior knee surgery, mass index, mechanism of injury, anatomical variations, autoimmune diseases, hormonal disorders, and more. Although these risk factors showed up in a wide range of the literature, there is a poor understanding of how these diverse risk factors affect the mechanism of deep tissue scarring. Additionally, many successful methods are being developed for treating arthrofibrosis in its late stages, such as surgical intervention and physio-therapeutic techniques. Still, no methods exist to evaluate the individualized prospective risk of patients. My paper is a narrative review of the literature, treatment strategies, and future directions, in which I included the epidemiology of arthrofibrosis, how multifaceted risk factors contribute to scarring, and a proposed protocol for a personalized risk score. While discussing scar-prevention strategy methods for arthrofibrosis, individualizing patient care must be considered in the treatment. The conclusions highlight the need for a multimodal approach, including a novel point-of-care system for high-risk individuals and a scar prevention strategy.
Business-Improvement Districts. Ein Beitrag der Evaluationsforschung zur Bilanz eines Instruments privatwirtschaftlich orientierter Stadtentwicklungspolitik
Authors: Bender Leah , Diller Christian
Published: November 2023

Evaluationen haben in der Stadtentwicklungspolitik zwar eine gewisse Tradition. Evaluationen innovativer Instrumente, die vor allem auf der Initiative privater Akteur:innen vor Ort basieren, sind jedoch selten. Seit nunmehr fast zwei Jahrzehnten werden in Deutschland Erfahrungen mit dem aus Nordamerika übertragenen Instrument der Business-Improvement Districts (BID) gesammelt. Ziel des Artikels ist ein Beitrag der Evaluationsforschung zur Diskussion dieses Instruments. Die vergleichende Evaluation von zwei BIDs aus Hessen (Gießen und Offenbach) zeigt, dass dieses Instrument sehr voraussetzungsvoll ist. Es bedarf eines ausreichend großen engagierten Akteurskreises aus Einzelhändler:innen und Grundstückseigentümer:innen, der dann mit Hilfe dieses Instruments stabilisiert und erweitert werden kann. Für Innenstädte mit besonders großen Problemlagen erscheint dieses Instrument dagegen weniger geeignet. Erforderlich ist daher die Ergänzung durch konventionelle Instrumente staatlicher Stadtentwicklungspolitik. Diese differenzierte Bilanz des Instruments steht auch exemplarisch für die Grenzen einer auf private Aktivitäten ausgerichteten Stadtentwicklungspolitik.
Scrotal Calcinosis Managed at Zinvie Hospital in Benin: Review of the Literature
Authors: Emmanuel Laying , Malik Djaliri , Valimungighe MM , Foundohou E , Yevi Dodji ID , Kouroumta MC , Josué Avakoudjo DG
Published: November 2023

Background: Scrotal calcinosis is a rare idiopathic pathology. The aim of our study was to describe the etiopathogenic and therapeutic aspects of scrotal calcinosis. Case Report: This was a 38-year-old patient who consulted us for painless nodules of the scrotum that had been evolving for 15 years and who was seeking treatment for aesthetic reasons. Clinical and paraclinical examination led to the diagnosis of scrotal calcinosis. A scrotal excision, including all lesions, and a scrotal plasty were performed. The diagnosis of scrotal calcinosis was confirmed by histopathological examination of the surgical specimen. Postoperative follow-up was straightforward after 18 months. Conclusion: Scrotal calcinosis is a rare and benign condition. The etiology remains unclear, and treatment is limited to surgical excision of the nodules, which also restores the aesthetics of the bursa. However, the risk of recurrence is not zero.
Assessment of geneXpert test for diagnosis of pediatric pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Roma Km , Shrestha Suvesh Kumar , Bhandari Nirajan , Shah Gaurav Jung , Khetan Shivam
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Pediatric tuberculosis is an infectious disease and is a leading cause of death in Nepal. The incidence of pediatric TB is a key tool of ongoing transmission of tuberculosis within the community and vital indicator of disease control. Its diagnosis is very much challenging and delay in diagnosis leads to mortality.

Objectives: This study was conducted to assess the utility of the gene Xpert test for diagnosis of pediatric pulmonary tuberculosis.

Methodology: A hospital based prospective study done at Pediatric department of a teaching hospital, Nepalgunj, Banke conducted over a period of 1 year from 1 January 2021 to 31 December 2021 with presumptive diagnosis of pediatric pulmonary tuberculosis. Chi-square test was used to determine the association between categorical variables and a receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis was performed to compare the performance of gene Xpert test with other lab parameters like sputum/gastric lavage sample microscopy for acid fast bacilli, erythrocytic sedimentation rate, Tuberculin test (TT) and chest X-ray.

 

Results: We enrolled a total of 294 patients in our study. Out of 294 samples 5.1% samples came out to be positive for gene Xpert for MTB. The sputum/gastric lavage samples for AFB showed both sensitivity and specificity of 100%. The tuberculin test showed a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 37.3%. Chest X-ray showed a sensitivity of 66.7% and specificity of 43.7%. The area under the curve for acid fast bacilli in microscopy, tuberculin test and ESR was found to be 100% (95% CI: 100%-100%), 58.6% (95% CI: 44.9%-72.4%), and 52.6% (95% CI: 37%-68.3%) respectively. 

 

Conclusion: This study highlights the utility of gene Xpert as a good diagnostic tool for rapid diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in pediatric population.
Clinical Characteristics and Mortality Predictors of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Patients in ICU- an Observational Study
Authors: Rajbanshi Lalit Kumar , Arjyal Batsalya
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an inflammatory lung condition characterized by a sudden onset of severe oxygen deficiency, bilateral chest infiltrates, and high morbidity and mortality rates. The causes and prognostic factors for ARDS may vary in tropical regions.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the causes, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of ARDS patients admitted in ICU.

Methodology: We conducted a prospective observational study involving 92 ARDS patients admitted to the medical and surgical intensive care units of a tertiary care hospital in eastern Nepal from 2021 to 2023. We included patients aged 15 years and above who met all the Berlin criteria for ARDS. Patients with burns, end-stage renal disease, hepatic disease, head injuries, congestive cardiac failure, and postoperative patients were excluded. We assessed demographic parameters, initial clinical presentations, causative agents, ventilation parameters, organ failure during the ICU stay, and factors influencing patient mortality.

Results: Our cohort had a mean age of 45.71 ± 20.02 years, with a predominance of male patients. The majority of patients presented with fever and shortness of breath. Approximately 26.1% had mild ARDS, while 25% had severe ARDS. The initial Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score was 10.11 ± 6.07, with most patients having a lung injury score of less than 2.5. Higher lung injury scores and low PaO2/FiO2 ratios were associated with increased mortality (P<0.05). The overall mortality rate in our study was 33.6%.

Conclusion: Pneumonia emerged as the most common cause of ARDS in our region. Low PaO2/FiO2 ratios and higher lung injury scores significantly influenced ARDS mortality.
A Rare Case of Gastric Ectopic Pancreatic Tissue - An Incidental finding
Authors: Shah Rajat Kumar , Singh Mrinalini , Dhanuk Dipesh Mandal
Published: November 2023

Ectopic pancreas is an infrequent lesion presenting as a nodule or a submucosal mass in the gastrointestinal tract. Depending upon its anatomical location, it can cause clinical symptoms like abdominal pain, intussusceptions, or obstruction, or it can remain clinically silent. Though radiologic diagnostic tools are available, the preoperative diagnosis is tough and is seldom made. We report a case of a 61-year-old male with the chief complaint of pain in the abdomen for 15 days. Advanced diagnostic tools like Contrast enhanced CT scan can characterise the submucosal mass in the stomach and able to confirm the nature of the lesion, whether it was non-neoplastic, benign, or malignant. Therefore, surgical excision was done. The final confirmatory diagnosis of ectopic pancreas in the stomach was made on histopathologic examination.
Land Tenure System and Security of Kumal Community in Gorkha
Authors: Gurung Chan Bahadur
Published: November 2023

This paper analyzes the land tenure system, its history, demographic and socio-economic characteristics and tenure ownership and security of Kumal community in Gorkha district of Nepal. Land is a fundamental natural resource for living, an economic asset for production, legal entity with multiple rights over it and above all, a societal factor for self-actualization. So, ownership of land has multi-faceted understanding. The objective of this paper is to analyze the existing land tenure system of Kumal community of Gorkha by reviewing the history of the tenure system and current tenure system, and carrying out HH survey to improve the tenure ownership and security. However, the tenure rights of socially and economically disadvantaged community like Kumals have not been properly addressed and those people are at high risk of eviction from the place they are living. The study recommends that land tenure insecurity arising from political, legislative and organizational behavior should be managed by appropriate interventions and policy reforms. As most of the analyses of land tenure security in Nepal have been performed in a descriptive way, this study explicitly investigates the issue through household survey. As Nepal is in the process of implementing federalization, assessment of land tenure security shall be one of the instruments for developing new land related policies and assessing the effect of new policies afterward.
Sexual Harassment and its Impact in Females at Workplace in Dhanusha District, Madhesh Province, Nepal
Authors: Jha Lalan , Giri Shree Shyam , Sah Poonam , Kapar Vijay Kumar , Yadav Pramod Kumar
Published: November 2023

INTRODUCTION: The violence of sexual harassment at workplace is problematic issue in the community for females. It has a direct bearing on the workplace productivity as well as the development of the society. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the effects of sexual harassment on health and daily performances of female employees.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Descriptive study was carried out in Dhanusha district of Madhesh province of Nepal from March, 2022 to April 2022. The study was conducted in different organizations (workplace) situated in Dhanusha district which were selected purposely. The sample size was 120 working females. Banks, schools, hospitals, and shopping centres were the selected female working places in this study. Face to face interview was conducted through structured questionnaire for the 120 females who gave the permission for interview.
RESULTS: The present study demonstrated that 61.67 % respondents exhibited to possess the knowledge about sexual harassment however, 38.33% of the female respondents demonstrated to be unaware about sexual harassment at their workplace. Among the total numbers of female participating in the research, 29% of the females had experienced the incidence of sexual harassment. Majority of respondents (25.71%) working efficacy had reduced after being suffered from sexual harassment and 5.71% had changed their job. 5.71% females suffered from headache and body ache, 5.71% suffered from high blood pressure, 22.86% suffered from anorexia, 20% suffered from restlessness/insomnia, 17.14% suffered from fatigue, 14.29% suffered from anxiety, 11.43% faced depression and 2.86% had lost their body weight.  
CONCLUSIONS: Sexual harassment for females at work place affects them physically as well as mentally. Therefore, awareness programme should be conducted time to time and anti-sexual harassment policy should be implemented at workplace.
Revisiting Salt Iodization Standards in Nepal: Opportunity and Challenge
Authors: Paudel Rajan
Published: November 2023

Iodine deficiency disorder is still a major global public health issue, especially in areas with limited access to iodine-rich food sources. Nepal, a landlocked country in South Asia, has made significant progress in alleviating iodine deficiency disorders by implementing salt iodization initiatives. Maintaining continued success in the elimination of iodine deficiency disorders, it is necessary to revaluate current iodization requirements as the country develops. This paper examines Nepal's present situation with regard to salt iodization, emphasizing the opportunities and challenges of reviewing salt iodization standards.
Assessing the Health Status of Loharpatti Municipality, Madhesh Province, Nepal: A Community Health Diagnosis Need Assessment Survey
Authors: Yadav Nitesh Kumar , Group CHD Study
Published: November 2023

INTRODUCTION: The health status of a country depends on the socio-economic status of the country’s people, their level of education, access to health services and so on. Therefore, this study aims to define existing problems in the community, identification of local resources (manpower, money, and material) of the community, identification of the basic health needs and problems of the community, set priorities of health needs for community health action, implementing and evaluating health action by and for the community.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We, the students of the 15th Batch of the MBBS program at Janaki Medical College (Tribhuvan University) did a comprehensive Community Health Diagnosis (CHD) from 16th February 2021 to 25th March 2021 in Loharpatti Municipality, Ward No-03 of Mahottari District. Primary and secondary data were collected for the study. Two hundred forty six households and their members were selected by simple random sampling method.
RESULTS: About 90% of participants went to health centres and health post for the treatment during illness. Our observation showed that 82% of households maintained appropriate environmental cleanliness around the house. About 74% of the remaining 26% used temporary methods and the most commonly used method was IUD by females. By analyzing the finding and discussing with the community leaders and the people real needs were identified and prioritized based on available resources. The prioritized needs were: KAP on child marriage and dowry system.
CONCLUSIONS: Loharpatti municipality was a rural settlement with low education status and had little idea about the consequences of early child marriage. The practice of child marriage has historical roots in the municipality. Therefore, prioritizing economic empowerment programs can help reduce socioeconomic constraints; conversely, working with religious and community leaders is essential to promoting change and encouraging discourse.
Trends of Populations indicators in developed and developing countries: A Comparative Study
Authors: Alam Mohammad Badre
Published: November 2023

INTRODUCTION: The world’s population seems growing, and expected to reach 7.8 billion by mid- 2020, growing from 7 billion in 2010, 6 billion in 1998, and 5 billion in 1986. The average annual growth rate was nearby 1.1% in 2015–2020, which steadily decreased after it peaked at 2.3% in the late 1960.Trends of population indicators between developed and developing countries seems undistinguishable. Therefore, this study aims to identify trends of population’s indicators in developed and developing countries.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were obtained from World Development Indicators (WDI).These survey programs are highly comparable as they share similar sampling approaches and questionnaires designed to estimate standard health indicators.
RESULTS: The populations of India, Malaysia and Israel was in increasing trends from 2015-2020 whereas Japan was on declining trend from 2015 to2020 however, the populations of Nepal was slightly decreasing from 2015 to 2018 and then it is in increasing trends. Life expectancy rate of Japan was high due to their specific type of Gene quality i.e. DNA 5178 and the ND2-237Met ND genotype which help the Japanese live longer by protecting them against some adult-onset diseases.
CONCLUSIONS: The growing population in emerging nations like India and Nepal emphasizes the need for increased focus on gender parity, healthcare, education, and resource allocation, while Japan's declining population raises concerns about the need for pro-natal policies. Developed nations like Malaysia and Israel should prepare for the potential challenges associated with high birth rates, such as increased service demand and environmental concerns.
An Outline of FDI Inflows and Nepal’s Economic Evolvement
Authors: Upadhyaya Yadav Mani , Kharel Kom Raj , Adhikari Dipak Bahadur
Published: November 2023

The objective of this research is to examine into and explain the role of foreign direct investment (FDI) on Nepal's economic growth. The major goal of this paper is to describe the post-liberalization FDI trajectory in Nepal from 1990/91 to 2019/20, as well as its influence on economic growth. A basic regression model is also used in the research to look at FDI and timelines, as well as FDI with employment level as a trend. When data was acquired from secondary sources, descriptive and analytical research approach were used to examine the data. According to the findings, FDI-based industries provide a considerable contribution to the national economy in terms of output, productivity, employment, and resource mobilization. The employment rate has progressively grown during the research period. Both regression equations are significant, and the R2 prediction indicated that FDI and timeframe are approximately 50 percent equivalent. Also, the R2 prediction between EMP and FDI appears to be 40%. Furthermore, such negative opinions, in light of recent political developments, should lead us to conclude that FDI inflows are not on a potential to compete. We are, nonetheless, hopeful about our ability to attract FDI.
Performance Evaluation of Different Images Using Edge Detection Algorithms
Authors: Chhetri Chhetra Bahadur , Pandey Manish
Published: November 2023

To determine which edge detection method performs best and worst on different image types, numerous edge detection algorithms are examined. For the performance analysis, some sample photos from the web and some from Java are used as sources. The entropy and signal noise ratio are used to gauge how well the edged image performs. In image processing, conducting a thorough investigation of various edge detection techniques is highly worthwhile two widely used edge detection algorithms Log, and Canny—are taken into consideration in this analysis. Here in this paper, the analysis is focused on the performance of different edge detector algorithms. All candidate algorithms of edge detection are implemented in JAVA. The result of empirical performance shows that two variants namely canny perform better results for the edge detection algorithm. The result shows that when considering only the performance aspect. Cycle/byte is calculated for comparing different variants. Cycle/byte is decreased when the canny edge detector is examined. The canny edge detection algorithm shows a better performance than LoG. LoG has more than 3 times higher cycle/byte than Canny Edge detection.
Performance Analysis of Trading Company Through Cost Volume Profit (A Case Study of Salt Trading Corporation Limited)
Authors: Shah Mausam
Published: November 2023

The objective of the research is to analyze the performance of a Trading Company through cost-volume-profit with reference to Salt Trading Corporation Limited. The major goal of this paper is to scrutinize the financial performance from 2069-70, as well as its influence on the economic growth of Nepal. According to the findings, Salt Trading Corporation has a low contribution margin, low P/V ratio, high breakeven point, and low margin of safety. It further indicates that cost and breakeven point have a positive correlation as sales price and breakeven point have a negative correlation. The company's condition is very poor and requires effective improvement in the given situation.
Tourism and Its Impact on The Growth of The Nepalese Gross Domestic Product
Authors: Bhusal Santa Prasad
Published: November 2023

This article aims to show the impact of Real Tourism Earnings (RTER) on Real Gross Domestic Product (RGDP). A time-series economic analytical design was employed using secondary data covering the period 1990–2022 AD. All data were obtained from the Central Bank of Nepal, the Ministry of Finance, and the Central Bureau of Statistics to establish the impact of RTER on RGDP. In this respect, to capture short-run relationships among variables, the pairwise Engel Granger Test (PRGT), and Error Correction Mechanism (ECM) were developed, and co-integration analysis was introduced to capture long-run relationships among variables. In the paper, a 100 percent increase in RTER leads to a 90 percent positive change in RGDP in the short run; the coefficient is positive as well as significant at the 5 percent level in the short run. ECM has a unit root at the first difference in long-run relationships. The coefficient of ECM -0.96 and significance at 1 percent showed that it corrected all the disequilibrium at the convergent speed of 96 percent. All the stability and diagnostic tests of the model have no symbols of misspecification, and residuals are normally distributed, homoscedastic, and not serially correlated.
E-Inclusion of Vulnerable Groups
Authors: Zdjelar Robertina , Žajdela Hrustek Nikolina
Published: November 2023

An ageing population is a global problem that carries with it significant implications for the economy and society. The older population makes nearly a third of the population. In the last thirty years, public policy has been finding solutions to alleviate the economic and social problems that arise as a result of the aging of nations. A present in which the digitalization of all domains of life is the primary theme for profitability and consistency of economic entities imposes new standards of behaviour and habits of citizens. This particularly affects the elderly population, which is expected to be e-inclusive in the digital society and economy, which often makes it difficult to use digital services, whether public or commercial. The results of the analysis of public policies for the period from 1990 to 2020 show that of all four key constructs of the General Theoretical Conceptual Model for e-inclusion (“Access”, “Usage”, “Empowerment” and “Impact on the quality of life”), the most represented constructs are “Usage” and “Impact on the quality of life”. What is somewhat worrisome is that in the observed period, a very small percentage (19%) of public policies included the connection of all four key constructs, and that public policies were related to vulnerable population groups, such as the elderly population. The results related to the institutions that most encouraged the e-inclusion of especially vulnerable groups in their strategies are the European Commission, the OECD and the European Parliament. It is precisely e-inclusion that is a necessary prerequisite for independence, active involvement in society and for improving the quality of life, especially for vulnerable groups of the population. All stakeholders should be aware of this, because otherwise, if digital transformation is carried out without e-inclusion of all groups, especially vulnerable groups, those who are already empowered are additionally strengthened, and those who could benefit the most from digital transformation benefits, “vulnerable groups” remain somewhere on the sidelines and continue to be underpowered and neglected.
HT22 cell differentiation reduces insulin receptor levels
Authors: TUNÇ-ATA Melek , ALTINTAŞ Fatih
Published: November 2023

Purpose: The brain is an insülin-sensitive organ and has widespread insulin receptor (IR) expression. IR signaling in the brain is essential for neuronal development, feeding behavior, body weight, and cognitive processes such as attention, learning, and memory. HT22 cells, which are derived from parent HT4 cells that are immortalized from primary mouse hippocampal neuronal cells are used in research related to insulin signaling. However, the role of these cells in insulin signaling is not known. In this study, we aimed to examine IR levels in cells differentiated using neurobasal medium.
Material and methods: For the study, briefly, the cells were seeded in 6-well plates at 2x105 cells/well for 24 h. After the cells reached 80% confluence, the normal growth medium was replaced with a differentiation medium and the cells were incubated for 72 hours at 37 0C in 5% CO2. Western blot procedure was used to determine the expression of the IR.
Result: Our results show that differentiation of HT22 cells stimulates neurite outgrowth. Furthermore, IR protein levels were significantly downregulated in differentiated HT22 cells.
Conclusion: This finding may require careful consideration of the use of neurobasal medium in conditions where IR signaling is important.
Framing typologies of relations between State and violent non-state actor. From Systemic anarchy to systematic regulation
Authors:   AMBIS College, Prague, Ludvík Zdeněk
Published: November 2023

This article deals with the issue of violent non-state actors (VNSA). First, it shows that states have developed regulatory mechanisms to mitigate anarchy in the international system and create a less conflictual international order. It discusses why regulatory mechanisms have failed in the case of VNSA and have not been as effective as in the case of states. The article then presents empirical strategies that states can employ in the face of dysfunctional regulatory mechanisms, and considers their advantages and disadvantages. The need for selective use is emphasized, as only part of VNSA poses a security threat. The paper concludes by arguing that a combination of strategies is needed to provide a systemic and long-term solution to non-state violence. At the same time, it warns of the pitfalls that must be overcome.