bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Pedagogical Model Used in Virtual Reality Simulations for Training Portuguese Firefighters
Authors: Reis Vitor
Published: January 2021

This paper details the pedagogical model used in virtual reality simulations for training Portuguese fire officers in emergency operations management and the evaluation of students about the implementation of the model throughout the training courses. The data of this quantitative study were collected over two years (2018-2019) and involved the participation of 89 fire officers from all over the country, who attended 12 training courses delivered at the Portuguese National Fire Service School (Escola Nacional de Bombeiros). Each course included seven to eight students, all experienced incident commanders with at least five years of service in the role. Every student played as incident commander in two different virtual reality training scenarios and their performance was assessed using a standardized evaluation tool. Students evaluated the pedagogical model implementation in virtual reality simulations through a questionnaire applied at the end of each course. The study’s conclusions point out that most students consider the pedagogical model successfully implemented.
Wikipedia in University Program: What Does the Metaanalysis of the Courses’ Page Tells Us?
Authors: Pestana Filomena , Cardoso Teresa
Published: January 2021

Wikipedia is an unavoidable resource when we do a web search with the aim of obtaining information. Its content is built from a bottom-up perspective and for this reason it is not always accepted in academia. However, this is not the view of the Wikimedia Foundation. Thus, under the motto “Wikipedia belongs to education”, the Wikimedia Foundation has partnered with educational institutions through the Wikipedia Education Program, which includes the Wikipedia in University Program. Within this scenario, it was considered important to do the meta-analysis of the page related to the courses offered in the context of this program with regard to the Wikipedian Portuguese speaking community. For this purpose, methodologically, we followed the MAECC®, the Meta-model to Analyse and Explore Scientific Knowledge®. Our corpus includes 22 Higher Education institutions, 21 of which are Brazilian and 1 Portuguese – Universidade Aberta (Open University Portugal). In this text, we will present the meta-analysis grid created to meet the research aims, identifying the data obtained in all the 5 macro categories of the MAECC® model. In general, the meta-analysed courses are diverse and refer to dynamic practices and valid work strategies.
Reflection on Human and Automatic Image Description in Elearning Context
Authors: Francisco Manuela
Published: January 2021

Images have a strong presence in educational contexts, particularly in online environments. When images add vital information for the understanding of a given subject, this information must be perceived by all students, including those who have a visual impairment. Although most web tools and platforms have a field for the description or alternative text, most images do not contain this information. Since 2016, some platforms and web services have been providing features, based on Artificial Intelligence, which present a brief description of the images to screen readers. Are these descriptions effective for people with visual impairment, in an eLearning context? Are they enough for a blind person to create a mental image? How do they differ from the description performed by humans? To answer these questions, it is necessary to have an idea of how we perceive images and how they make sense in our brain, according to our values and culture. Thus, in this work we present a reflection related to these questions, using examples of descriptions obtained by the google chrome feature “Get image description” and descriptions made by people in the various editions of the MOOC “Image description in web context”.
What Might the Pandemic Have Done to and for Higher Education?
Authors: Gibbs Paul
Published: January 2021

What is the educational response to Covid 19 doing to our humanity? The paper considers the disruption to the diversity of teaching approaches and the dominance of on-line teaching in universities. It asks the question, with the intent of discussion, “Are we really aware of how the dominance of online learning is affecting our humanity?”
Social Presence and Educational Technologies in an Online Distance Course in Finnish Higher Education – A Social Constructivist Perspective
Authors: Charbonneau Irène
Published: January 2021

This paper analyses the interplay of social presence and educational technology, from a social constructivist perspective, to question the current determinism prevailing in the literature. Taking an online distance course implemented in Finland as its case, the study reveals how students negotiate the way they share visual cues and personal background and experiences. Thereby, it critically examines the impetus to create more social presence through visual cues and personal information, by highlighting some of the ethical implications. Moreover, the study reveals that text-based online discussions occurring in forums provides more space for students to participate in discussions than webinars, despite being negatively perceived by students. The study also shows how students and instructors’ practices have the potential to re-shape the way technologies are used in online distance education, to eventually reach more equity between students’ and teachers’ presences.
A kriminalisztikai hajvizsgálat szerepe és jelentősége a nyomozásban
Authors: Varga Katalin
Published: January 2021

The author provides an overview of how hair formulas are used in forensic hair morphology.
Háromdimenziós képalkotás a kriminalisztikában
Authors: Petrétei Dávid
Published: January 2021

The author provides an overview of three-dimensional forensic imaging. 3D laser scanning, handheld portable 3D scanners and 3D microscopy are used in practice.
Az igazságügyi szakértés egyes kérdései a büntetőeljárásban, különös tekintettel az informatikai szakterületre
Authors: Simon Béla
Published: January 2021

The author provides an overview of the role if IT experts in criminal procedures and forensic sciences.
Three New Late-type Stellar Companions to Very Dusty WISE Debris Disks Identified with SPHERE Imaging
Authors: Matthews Elisabeth C. , Hinkley Sasha , Stapelfeldt Karl , Vigan Arthur , Mawet Dimitri , Crossfield Ian J. M. , David Trevor J. , Mamajek Eric , Meshkat Tiffany , Morales Farisa , Padgett Deborah
Published: January 2021

Debris disk stars are good targets for high-contrast imaging searches for planetary systems, since debris disks have been shown to have a tentative correlation with giant planets. We selected 20 stars identified as debris disk hosts by the WISE mission, with particularly high levels of warm dust. We observed these with the VLT/SPHERE high-contrast imaging instrument with the goal of finding planets and imaging the disks in scattered light. Our survey reaches a median 5σ sensitivity of 10.4 M
J at 25 au and 5.9 M
J at 100 au. We identified three new stellar companions (HD 18378B, HD 19257B, and HD 133778B): two are mid-M-type stars and one is a late-K or early-M star. Three additional stars have very widely separated stellar companions (all at >2000 au) identified in the Gaia catalog. The stars hosting the three SPHERE-identified companions are all older (≳700 Myr), with one having recently left the main sequence and one a giant star. We infer that the high volumes of dust observed around these stars has been caused by a recent collision between the planets and planetesimal belts in the system, although for the most evolved star, mass loss could also be responsible for the infrared excess. Future mid-infrared spectroscopy or polarimetric imaging may allow the positions and spatial extent of these dust belts to be constrained, thereby providing evidence as to the true cause of the elevated levels of dust around these old systems. None of the disks in this survey is resolved in scattered light.
The Red Supergiant Content of M31 and M33
Authors: Massey Philip , Neugent Kathryn F. , Levesque Emily M. , Drout Maria R. , Courteau Stéphane
Published: January 2021

We identify red supergiants (RSGs) in our spiral neighbors M31 and M33 using near-IR (NIR) photometry complete to a luminosity limit of

. Our archival survey data cover 5 deg2 of M31, and 3 deg2 for M33, and are likely spatially complete for these massive stars. Gaia is used to remove foreground stars, after which the RSGs can be separated from asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars in the color–magnitude diagram. The photometry is used to derive effective temperatures and bolometric luminosities via MARCS stellar atmosphere models. The resulting H-R diagrams show superb agreement with the evolutionary tracks of the Geneva evolutionary group. Our census includes 6400 RSGs in M31 and 2850 RSGs in M33 within their Holmberg radii; by contrast, only a few hundred RSGs are known so far in the Milky Way. Our catalog serves as the basis for a study of the RSG binary frequency being published separately, as well as future studies relating to the evolution of massive stars. Here we use the matches between the NIR-selected RSGs and their optical counterparts to show that the apparent similarity in the reddening of OB stars in M31 and M33 is the result of Malmquist bias; the average extinction in M31 is likely higher than that of M33. As expected, the distribution of RSGs follows that of the spiral arms, while the much older AGB population is more uniformly spread across each galaxy’s disk.
Excalibur: A Nonparametric, Hierarchical Wavelength Calibration Method for a Precision Spectrograph
Authors: Zhao Lily L. , Hogg David W. , Bedell Megan , Fischer Debra A.
Published: January 2021

Excalibur is a nonparametric, hierarchical framework for precision wavelength calibration of spectrographs. It is designed with the needs of extreme-precision radial-velocity (EPRV) instruments in mind, which require calibration or stabilization to better than 10−4 pixels. Instruments vary along only a few dominant degrees of freedom, especially EPRV instruments that feature highly stabilized optical systems and detectors. Excalibur takes advantage of this property by using all calibration data to construct a low-dimensional representation of all accessible calibration states for an instrument. Excalibur also takes advantage of laser-frequency combs or etalons, which generate a dense set of stable calibration points. This density permits the use of a nonparametric wavelength solution that can adapt to any instrument or detector oddities better than parametric models, such as a polynomial. We demonstrate the success of this method with data from the Extreme Precision Spectrograph (EXPRES), which uses a laser-frequency comb. When wavelengths are assigned to laser comb lines using excalibur, the rms of the residuals is about one-fifth that of wavelengths assigned using polynomial fits to individual exposures. Radial-velocity measurements of HD 34411 show a reduction in rms scatter over a 10 month time baseline from 1.17 to 1.05 m s−1.
An X-Ray- and SZ-bright Diffuse Source toward M31: A Local Hot Bridge
Authors: Qu Zhijie , Huang Rui , Bregman Joel N. , Li Jiang-Tao
Published: January 2021

We report a large-scale (

) X-ray-bright and Sunyaev–Zeldovich (SZ)-bright diffuse enhancement toward M31, which might be a Local Hot Bridge connecting the Milky Way (MW) with M31. We subtract the Galactic emission from the all-sky O vii and O viii emission-line measurement survey, and find that the emission of these two ions is enhanced within

projected around M31. The mean emission enhancements are 5.6 ± 1.3 L.U., and 2.8 ± 0.6 L.U. for O vii and O viii, respectively (

for both ions). We also extract the SZ signal around M31, which suggests a surface brightness y of

, an enhancement

(and a best fit of

). These three measurements trace the hot gas with a temperature

, showing similar plateau shapes (flat within

, and zero beyond ≈30°). A single-phase assumption leads to a temperature of

, which is determined by the O vii/O viii line ratio. Combining X-ray and SZ measurements, we suggest that this feature is unlikely to be the hot halo around M31 (too massive) or in the MW (too high pressure and X-ray bright). The plateau shape may be explained by a cylinder connecting the MW and M31 (the Local Hot Bridge). We constrain its length to be about 400 kpc, with a radius of 120 kpc, a density of

, and a metallicity of

. The baryon mass is

, and the oxygen mass is about

, which contribute to the baryon or metal budget of the Local Group.
Transition Region from Turbulent to Dead Zone in Protoplanetary Disks: Local Shearing Box Simulations
Authors: Pucci Fulvia , Tomida Kengo , Stone James , Takasao Shinsuke , Ji Hantao , Okamura Shoichi
Published: January 2021

The dynamical evolution of protoplanetary disks is of key interest for building a comprehensive theory of planet formation and to explain the observational properties of these objects. Using the magnetohydrodynamics code Athena++, with an isothermal shearing box setup, we study the boundary between the active and dead zone, where the accretion rate changes and mass can accumulate. We quantify how the turbulence level is affected by the presence of a non-uniform Ohmic resistivity in the radial x direction that leads to a region of inhibited turbulence (or dead zone). Comparing the turbulent activity to that of ideal simulations, the turbulence-inhibited area shows density fluctuations and magnetic activity at its boundaries, driven by energy injection from the active (ideal) zone boundaries. We find magnetic dissipation to be significantly stronger in the ideal regions, and the turbulence penetration through the boundary of the dead zone is determined by the value of the resistivity itself, through the Ohmic dissipation process, though the thickness of the transition does not play a significant role in changing the dissipation. We investigate the 1D spectra along the shearing direction: magnetic spectra appear flat at large scales both in ideal as well as resistive simulations, though a Kolmogorov scaling over more than one decade persists in the dead zone, suggesting the turbulent cascade is determined by the hydrodynamics of the system: magnetorotational instability dynamo action is inhibited where sufficiently high resistivity is present.
Improved Fe ii Emission-line Models for AGNs Using New Atomic Data Sets
Authors: Sarkar A. , Ferland G. J. , Chatzikos M. , Guzmán F. , van Hoof P. A. M. , Smyth R. T. , Ramsbottom C. A. , Keenan F. P. , Ballance C. P.
Published: January 2021

Understanding the Fe II emission from active galactic nuclei (AGNs) has been a grand challenge for many decades. The rewards from understanding the AGN spectra would be immense, involving both quasar classification schemes such as “Eigenvector 1” and tracing the chemical evolution of the cosmos. Recently, three large Fe II atomic data sets with radiative and electron collisional rates have become available. We have incorporated these into the spectral synthesis code Cloudy and examined predictions using a new generation of AGN spectral energy distribution (SED), which indicates that the ultraviolet (UV) emission can be quite different depending on the data set utilized. The Smyth et al. data set better reproduces the observed Fe II template of the I ZW 1 Seyfert galaxy in the UV and optical regions, and we adopt these data. We consider both thermal and microturbulent clouds and show that a microturbulence of ≈100 km s−1 reproduces the observed shape and strength of the so-called Fe II “UV bump.” Comparing our predictions to the observed Fe II template, we derive a typical cloud density of 1011 cm−3 and photon flux of 1020 cm−2 s−1, and show that these largely reproduce the observed Fe II emission in the UV and optical. We calculate the I(Fe II)/I(Mg II) emission-line intensity ratio using our best-fitting model and obtain log(I(Fe II)/I(Mg II)) ∼  0.7, suggesting many AGNs have a roughly solar Fe/Mg abundance ratio. Finally, we vary the Eddington ratio and SED shape as a step in understanding the Eigenvector 1 correlation.
The Evolution of Magellanic-like Galaxy Pairs and the Production of Magellanic Stream Analogs in Simulations with Tides, Ram Pressure, and Stellar Feedback
Authors: Williamson David , Martel Hugo
Published: January 2021

We present a series of chemodynamical simulations of Magellanic-like systems consisting of two interacting, equal-mass dwarf galaxies orbiting a massive host galaxy, including feedback and star formation, tides, and ram pressure. We study the star formation and chemical enrichment history of the dwarfs and the production of a Magellanic Stream analog. The dwarfs interact with each other through tidal forces, distorting their morphologies and triggering star formation. A stream is naturally produced as outflows, induced by feedback, and interactions are stretched by tidal forces. Counter to some recent simulations, we find that the leading arm persists even in the presence of ram pressure from the host galaxy. Interactions between the dwarfs and the host galaxies produce multiple kinematic components in the stream, as observed. A combination of ongoing star formation and entrained low-metallicity gas causes the stream to have a complex chemical structure, with an average metallicity that is generally lower than that of the dwarfs.
État actuel des connaissances en matière de réchauffement climatique
Authors: Drobinski Philippe
Published: January 2021

Cet article aborde de façon très synthétique les principes physiques du changement climatique, en partant du concept d'équilibre énergétique de la Terre, mécanisme essentiel définissant la température de la Terre et son évolution en lien avec les activités humaines. Il présente les fondamentaux de la modélisation numérique et les protocoles de simulation élaborés pour comprendre le système climatique et son évolution. Il introduit le concept de sensibilité climatique, propriété fondamentale du système climatique et diagnostic de l'amplitude du réchauffement climatique en réponse aux émissions cumulées de gaz à effet de serre. L'amplitude du changement climatique global est illustrée par les variables géophysiques dont le lien avec le réchauffement climatique est indubitable, puis les réponses et les impacts régionaux du changement climatique global sont discutés. Classification JEL : Q54.
Alignement des portefeuilles sur une trajectoire de 2 °C : science ou art ?
Authors: Raynaud Julie , Tankov Peter , Voisin Stéphane
Published: January 2021

Le concept de l'alignement des portefeuilles à une trajectoire de température a gagné la faveur des investisseurs et des régulateurs depuis que l'Accord de Paris a reconnu en 2015 l'importance du secteur financier pour la transition énergétique bas-carbone. Pourtant, une définition claire et une méthodologie transparente en matière d'alignement des portefeuilles à une trajectoire de température font actuellement défaut et peu d'études se sont intéressées à cette question. Cet article propose une définition de l'alignement des portefeuilles à une trajectoire de température, passe en revue les étapes méthodologiques et met en évidence les principaux défis scientifiques, avec pour objectif de stimuler de nouvelles recherches dans ce domaine. Nous examinons, analysons et plaçons en contexte les grandes conclusions de la récente étude technique consacrée par l'Institut Louis Bachelier aux méthodologies d'évaluation de l'alignement de la température des portefeuilles. Classification JEL : G11, Q54.
Les investisseurs financiers : des activistes efficaces face aux risques climatiques ?
Authors: Charléty Patricia
Published: January 2021

Les risques liés au réchauffement climatique figurent parmi les premières préoccupations des investisseurs : physiques, réglementaires, ou de dévaluation des actifs, ils touchent toutes les entreprises. La prise de conscience de ces risques s'est d'abord traduite par une exigence de transparence sur les conséquences possibles des changements climatiques et la mesure de l'empreinte carbone. Les investisseurs, en particulier les institutionnels et les fonds spécialisés en investissement social et responsable, adoptent désormais un comportement plus actif. En excluant certains titres d'entreprises jugées trop polluantes, en engageant un dialogue avec les entreprises ou en soumettant des résolutions climat à l'ordre du jour des assemblées générales, ils contribuent à rendre les entreprises plus responsables. L'activisme semble accueilli favorablement par les marchés financiers et ne se fait pas au détriment de la valeur actionnariale. Classification JEL : G02, G03, M14, Q54, Q56.
Indicateurs environnementaux : caractéristiques d'une mesure agrégée pertinente
Authors: Péladan Jean-Guillaume , Raynaud Julie , Tankov Peter , Zerbib Olivier David
Published: January 2021

Après avoir présenté les grands indicateurs environnementaux existants et leurs limites, nous proposons une définition des caractéristiques d'un indicateur pertinent et efficace dans une approche holistique : embrassant l'ensemble des enjeux environnementaux, analysant le cycle de vie complet, utilisant des mesures physiques, portant sur un périmètre d'analyse mondial, pouvant être calculé sur les différentes classes d'actifs, étant modulable, opérationnel, lisible, neutre, transparent, stable dans le temps et utilisant les informations déjà disponibles compte tenu de l'urgence environnementale. Nous rappelons enfin les principales méthodes d'agrégation d'indicateurs environnementaux et présentons leurs avantages et inconvénients. Classification JEL : G11, G12, Q40, Q50.
La donnée extra-financière comme prérequis au développement d'une finance durable
Authors: de Cambourg Patrick , Gardes Charlotte
Published: January 2021

Au travers d'une analyse du lien entre transparence des entreprises et mise en œuvre de la transition via le prisme de l'information comme élément de redevabilité, l'objectif de cet article est de démontrer dans quelle mesure le caractère aujourd'hui diffus et fragmenté de l'information extra-financière des entreprises requiert une normalisation associée à une révision du droit en vigueur, en considérant en particulier comme prérequis la transparence au développement de la finance durable, aux côtés d'un langage commun de la transition et de la durabilité. Classification JEL : Q54, Q56, Q58.
Le rôle des labels dans la finance verte : construction et régulation d'un marché des labels en France
Authors: Crifo Patricia , Durand Rodolphe , Gond Jean-Pascal
Published: January 2021

Cet article analyse l'évolution des labels verts et durables en Europe au cours des dernières décennies, leur dynamique de construction, et s'interroge sur les réels bénéfices de leur prolifération. La multiplicité des facteurs contribuant au développement des labels atteint-elle le but recherché ou encombre-t-elle le marché de signaux forts mais incertains ? Alors que l'épargne des ménages est au plus haut et qu'il existe une demande de financement de la transition écologique, la multiplication des labels ne complique-t-elle pas la lisibilité du marché ? Nous montrons que, au lieu de simplifier le choix des agents, la multiplication des labels tend à accroître le bruit fourni par chacun des signaux de qualité et à détériorer la confiance. Les agents économiques ont moins intérêt à bénéficier d'un label générique, mais recherchent à moindre coût une labellisation moins exigeante. L'ensemble du système peut donc jouer de façon contre-productive, chaque acteur minimisant l'effort intrinsèque fourni. L'asymétrie d'information s'accroît à mesure que le nombre de labels grandit et les investisseurs finals risquent donc de se détourner in fine des produits labellisés. Seul le régulateur peut contrer cet effet. Classification JEL : G11, G14, Q54, Q56.
Évaluer les risques et les vulnérabilités et sensibiliser les acteurs financiers au risque de changement climatique : le rôle des stress tests
Authors: Clerc Laurent
Published: January 2021

Les stress tests constituent, depuis la crise financière de 2008, l'un des outils privilégiés des superviseurs pour évaluer les risques et les vulnérabilités auxquels sont exposées les institutions financières. Leur usage reste toutefois encore limité pour évaluer les risques financiers associés au changement climatique. En s'appuyant sur l'exemple de l'exercice pilote mis en œuvre en 2020 par l'Autorité de contrôle prudentiel et de résolution, cet article présente les caractéristiques essentielles de ces stress tests climatiques, les scénarios sur lesquels ils reposent avant d'aborder les difficultés auxquelles les superviseurs et les institutions financières qui les mettent en œuvre sont confrontés ainsi que certaines de leurs limites. Classification JEL : G21, G28, H23, Q48, Q54.
Une approche pionnière pour lutter contre le changement climatique
Authors: Desmartin Jean-Philippe , El Hachem Johnny
Published: January 2021

Dans un contexte de crise liée à la Covid-19 qui rappelle toute l'importance d'œuvrer en faveur du développement durable, les auteurs détaillent leurs stratégies de lutte contre le changement climatique dans leurs activités de gestion d'actifs et de private equity . Edmond de Rothschild Asset Management (France) a choisi dès 2017 de s'appuyer sur une feuille de route climat pour mieux prendre en compte les enjeux climatiques, visant à une décarbonisation progressive de ses investissements. Avec une approche de long terme, le private equity peut s'imposer comme l'une des voies de passage vers un monde plus résilient. Si les enjeux et les risques liés au changement climatique sont conséquents, ils offrent autant d'opportunités d'investissement. Classification JEL : G11, Q54, Q56.
Green bonds : il est urgent de ne plus attendre
Authors: Rodes Nathalie , Vietti Olivier , Déo Stéphane
Published: January 2021

Cet article résume l'évolution du marché des instruments financiers liés au développement durable et souligne les risques de green washing liés à l'absence de standards contraignants communs aux émetteurs. Il présente la méthodologie mise en place par LBPAM pour analyser les différentes catégories d'obligations liées au développement durable ( green bonds , transition bonds et SDG-linked bonds ) et mesurer leur impact. Classification JEL : G11, G12, Q56.
Les mots de la démographie
Authors: Pressat Roland , Sardon Jean-Paul
Published: January 2021

Tout travail scientifique suppose une grande rigueur, à commencer par une exacte définition des mots et des concepts utilisés. Ce principe vaut bien entendu également pour cette science de la population qu’est la démographie. L’auteur, considérant que la rigueur sémantique a manqué dans un Dictionnaire de démographie et des sciences de la population paru en France, propose une critique, sans concessions, des mots et expressions de ce dictionnaire. Il offre ainsi une meilleure connaissance des mots utiles pour des analyses démographiques de qualité.
Trois « utopies réelles » d’hier aussi ambitieuses que concrètes : Buchez, Gide et Bourgeois
Authors: Defalvard Hervé , Ferraton Cyrille
Published: January 2021

Ce texte porte sur les alternatives développées au XIX e  siècle et au début du XX e  par des auteurs, Philippe Buchez, Charles Gide et Léon Bourgeois, dont les travaux font référence dans le domaine de l’économie sociale et solidaire. Ces alternatives sont fréquemment qualifiées d’utopiques par leurs adversaires. Pourtant, si elles visent l’avènement d’une nouvelle société, elles s’accompagnent également de mesures très concrètes. L’association ou la coopérative constituent la composante centrale de ces alternatives. Cet article en propose une évaluation comparative en identifiant notamment leurs différences.
Magasins gratuits : vers la fondation d’un nouvel imaginaire économique
Authors: Bucolo Elisabetta , Lhuillier Vincent
Published: January 2021

Cet article analyse les pratiques de réemploi et de partage au sein des magasins gratuits qui proposent un modèle de sortie de la transaction marchande par la gratuité des biens mis à disposition. Ces expériences sont confrontées à la prégnance de l’imaginaire marchand, qui articule le « sophisme économiciste » dénoncé par Polanyi – assimilant toutes les pratiques d’échange à un échange marchand – et une compréhension étriquée du don conduisant à sa forme jugée problématique par Mauss : le don-charité. Les auteurs montrent comment la force de l’imaginaire marchand conduit à des usages et à des pratiques différentiés, parfois en contradiction avec les objectifs politiques de ces expérimentations citoyennes. Ils soulignent la nécessité d’un travail institutionnel pour soutenir l’invention d’un imaginaire alternatif rendant possible ce mode alternatif de circulation-partage des biens.
Création de valeur au sein des institutions de microfinance de l’UEMOA : l’impact des parties prenantes
Authors: Ndione Mamadou
Published: January 2021

Les institutions de microfinance (IMF) ont pour objet de prêter de l’argent aux populations qui ne disposent pas de moyens suffisants pour accéder au système bancaire formel. Ces IMF regroupent plusieurs acteurs susceptibles de poursuivre des objectifs et des intérêts différents, voire conflictuels, ce qui peut être source d’inefficience. Cet article s’intéresse à l’impact des parties prenantes des IMF sur la richesse créée en leur sein dans les huit pays de l’Union économique et monétaire ouest-africaine (UEMOA). L’auteur montre que, si le volume des crédits accordés aux clients et la qualité de l’indice de macro-gouvernance de chaque pays ont une influence positive sur la richesse créée par les IMF, les résultats sont plus mitigés en ce qui concerne l’impact des apports des propriétaires ou des sociétaires, ainsi que des subventions publiques. Dans tous les cas, les épargnants, les prêteurs et la clientèle féminine n’ont aucune influence significative sur la création de valeur de ces IMF.
Les ministères remis sur le métier
Authors: Béraud Céline
Published: January 2021

Le quadrillage total du territoire associant à chaque espace paroissial un curé touche en France à sa fin, le nombre de prêtres étant aujourd’hui insuffisant pour y faire face. Par ailleurs, les scandales sexuels, qui ont éclaté en 2018-2019, conduisent à la dénonciation du « cléricalisme ». Dans ce contexte, la réflexion sur les ministères, c’est-à-dire sur les acteurs et actrices légitimes pour prendre en charge le travail religieux, est rouverte. Deux principales options semblent considérées.
Pour une théologie de la reconnaissance
Authors: Rohmer Céline
Published: January 2021

Charismes et institution font-ils bon ménage ? Cette contribution cherche réponse en traversant quelques épîtres pauliniennes. D’abord l’épître aux Galates, pour relire les fondements de l’argumentation paulinienne en matière de service. Puis la première aux Corinthiens, pour penser la réalité nouvelle qui règne sur l’organisation de la communauté. Enfin l’épître aux Éphésiens, pour réfléchir avec les successeurs de Paul à la dimension cosmologique de l’œuvre commune des serviteurs. Cette traversée scripturaire met au jour une théologie de la reconnaissance : la reconnaissance des charismes que Dieu a gracieusement prodigués à chacune et chacun en vue de prendre efficacement ses responsabilités de croyant dans le monde.
Le ministère dans et pour la communauté
Authors: Famerée Joseph
Published: January 2021

Au plan œcuménique, quelles sont les difficultés en théologie du ministère, ordonné plus spécifiquement, au sein et au service de la communauté ? Pour recenser et analyser consensus et divergences, l’étude explore trois types de dialogue particulièrement significatifs : (I) un dialogue multilatéral de Foi et Constitution du COE, le BEM ( Baptême, Eucharistie, Ministère , 1982) ; (II) un dialogue bilatéral international de la Commission luthéro-catholique sur L’Apostolicité de l’Église (2006) ; (III) le dialogue bilatéral non officiel du Groupe des Dombes, aboutissant en 1972 à l’accord audacieux Pour une réconciliation des ministères .
Développement professionnel et construction de l’expérience de professeurs du secondaire en coenseignement. Gestion de l’imprévu en classe de mathématiques
Authors: Harent Rachel
Published: January 2021

Le coenseignement est présenté comme un moyen de faire évoluer les pratiques enseignantes et comme une source de développement professionnel. Dans cet article, nous étudierons l’ activité (Albero, Guerin et Watteau, 2019) de deux coenseignantes en collège. Pour ce faire, nous mobilisons le concept d’ étonnement (Thievenaz, 2017) pour documenter un processus de construction de l’expérience (Zeitler, Guérin et Barbier, 2012) chez ces deux professeures de mathématiques confrontées à une succession d’imprévus didactiques (Perrenoud, 1999). En conclusion, nous questionnerons la place du coenseignement dans ce processus.
Analyse du corpus de référence des thèses françaises concernant la recherche sur la formation des adultes soutenues depuis 2010 : thématiques, rattachements et spécificités
Authors: Las Vergnas Olivier , Bury Patrick
Published: January 2021

Ce travail analyse le corpus de référence des thèses françaises concernant la recherche sur la formation des adultes soutenues depuis 2010 publié dans le précédent article (VdR6) de cette rubrique. Celui-ci est composé de deux groupes de thèses, le « noyau dur » et le « second cercle ». Le premier regroupe les 175 thèses explicitement centrées sur cette thématique et repérables par une simple requête bibliographique ; le second y ajoute 444 autres contenant des sous-parties éclairantes pour ce champ identifiées grâce à la composition de leurs jurys et une analyse automatique des termes employés de leurs résumés. L’analyse de ce double corpus confirme que les thèses du noyau sont aux trois quarts soutenues en sciences de l’éducation tandis que celles du second cercle ne le sont plus qu’aux deux tiers ; sur l’ensemble des deux listes, on constate aussi que l’âge médian des doctorants est largement plus élevé que dans les autres disciplines (10 ans d’écart avec la sociologie). Enfin, les analyses lexicales montrent que ce corpus peut se découper en quatre classes de thématiques (analyse de l’activité des enseignants, politiques de formation, apprentissages linguistiques des adultes, approches biographiques et identitaires) qui peuvent s’affiner en six (avec apparition d’une sous-classe liée à l’apprenance et aux soignants et d’une autre liée à l’autoconfrontation, l’analyse de l’activité).
New Insights Into Pentosan Polysulfate Maculopathy
Authors: Abou-Jaoude Michelle M. , Davis Alexander M. , Fraser Claire E. , Leys Monique , Hinkle David , Odom J. Vernon , Maldonado Ramiro S.
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To provide new insights into toxic maculopathy secondary to pentosan polysulfate (PPS) utilizing multimodal testing.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Retrospective case-series of four patients from two academic centers evaluated with multimodal imaging, electrophysiology, dark adaptometry (DA), and genetic testing.

RESULTS:

Median age was 58 years, exposure to PPS was 18.5 years, and cumulative dose of was 2,025 grams. Seven of eight eyes had visual acuity of 20/40 or better. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography demonstrated increased choriocapillaris flow voids (54.25%) in cases compared to controls (13.2%). Two subjects had abnormal foveal avascular zone configurations. Two subjects demonstrated collapse of the retinal pigment epithelium nodular excrescences and progressive retinal thinning over 4 to 5 years on OCT. Electrophysiology was normal (3/3 patients), but DA was delayed (2/2 patients).

CONCLUSIONS:

The authors describe novel findings of PPS maculopathy, including flow voids in the choriocapillaris. Progressive retinal thinning may suggest a secondary retinal effect. These findings may improve understanding of the pathophysiology.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2021;52:13–22.]
Increasing Incidence and Prevalence of Common Retinal Diseases in Retina Practices Across the United States
Authors: Rosenblatt Tatiana R. , Vail Daniel , Saroj Namrata , Boucher Nick , Moshfeghi Darius M. , Moshfeghi Andrew A.
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To provide an updated estimate of incidence and prevalence of the foremost retinal diseases in the U.S.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Retrospective study of the Vestrum Health Database evaluating eyes with diagnoses of wet or dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic macular edema (DME), diabetic retinopathy (DR), branch or central retinal vein occlusion (BRVO; CRVO) from January 2014 to December 2019 across 58 retina practices.

RESULTS:

Of the 3,086,791 eyes examined, 490,881 (15.9%) had dry AMD, 294,041 (9.5%) wet AMD, 270,703 (8.8%) DME, 254,690 (8.3%) DR without DME, 73,617 (2.4%) BRVO, and 50,670 (1.6%) CRVO. Dry AMD had the highest incidence. These diseases comprised 61.0% of total prevalence and 54.3% of incidence among patients at the retina practices analyzed.

CONCLUSIONS:

Based on a diverse database, these diseases comprised the majority of U.S. retina practice cases, with increasing annual incidences. AMD is the most common diagnosis, then diabetic eye disease.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2021;52:29–36.]
Aspirer à une carrière mathématique : quel rôle jouent le soutien et les attentes de l’enseignant chez les filles et les garçons ?
Authors: Jaegers Doriane , Lafontaine Dominique
Published: January 2021

Cette étude vise à expliquer les aspirations aux carrières à forte composante mathématique des filles et des garçons en interrogeant d’une part des variables motivationnelles telles que le sentiment d’auto-efficacité, le concept de soi, l’utilité et l’intérêt en mathématiques et d’autre part la perception qu’ont les élèves du soutien social, du soutien académique et des attentes de l’enseignant. Menée en Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles sur un échantillon de 1 091 élèves de 5e secondaire, cette recherche souligne l’influence importante, tant chez les filles que chez les garçons, de la perception des attentes de l’enseignant et de l’utilité des mathématiques. Chez les filles, le sentiment d’auto-efficacité s’avère également une variable déterminante pour leurs aspirations à des carrières mathématiques.
Leaders Are Born
Authors: Kebede Melaku
Published: January 2021

Leadership is the ability to connect with people and create an environment that unlocks the potential of individuals, groups, and the organization at large so that every member has the upper hand to make the best contribution to the success of the organization. Great finish resides on great leadership. Leaders are known for their remarkable success or a significant failure in their leadership endeavor. This continuum of success and failure makes it wise to ask what is the truth behind that curtain of the success and failure? What is the contributing factor that makes a leader great leader? Is the golden position left for selected few? There is an abundant volume of literature on the study of leaders and leadership, but little is said on first time leadership. The purpose of this chapter is to create a thorough understanding of the contemporary leadership empowerment.
Discursive leadership
Authors: Montaudon-Tomas Cynthia M. , Montaudon-Tomas Ivonne M. , Pinto-López Ingrid N. , Lomas-Montaudon Yvonne
Published: January 2021

This chapter analyzes discursive leadership in first-time leadership and introduces a scale that was developed to measure discursive leadership abilities based on seven distinct dimensions: overall effectiveness, tools used, guidance, modulating, empowerment, non-verbal cues, and climate and bonding. The scale was developed and pilot-tested at a private business school in Puebla, Mexico, based on followers' perceptions. Theory on discursive leadership was analyzed as a form of organizational communication and as a process between leaders and followers. An overview of the state of research in the field of business and management, specifically basic constructs, fundamental notions, and elements are presented, as well as new lines of research in the area.
Transformational Leadership
Authors: Agyemang Samuel
Published: January 2021

Ethics is an essential ingredient of leadership qualifications, and for every first-time leader in an organization to be successful, ethical leadership cannot be overemphasized. An organization can be seen as two or more people coming together with a common goal to embark on a venture that will certainly yield a positive result to benefit each one of them. There is a need for such organizations to exhibit transparency and accountability by all involved in the organization so that any resources invested in do not go to waste. Since ethical leadership remains important in every organization, no matter the high standards of the moral lives of members within an organization, there are first-time leaders who, in one way or the other, exhibit misconduct, mistrust, frustration, discrimination, racism, and absenteeism, which are characteristics of unethical leadership and contrary to the nature of ethical leadership. Therefore, achieving transformational leadership becomes a challenge for a first-time leader.
Successful First-Time Political Leaders and Their Response to COVID-19
Authors: Joy Celina , Sibil Betty
Published: January 2021

History is witness to many first-time transformational leaders like Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King Jr who garnered mass movements for the fight to their country's freedom. A first-time leader shows high levels of commitment and a strong desire to make a positive difference to society. However, the abilities and strengths of a leader is truly tested during crises. The nature of a crisis is its suddenness, uncertainty, and catastrophic impact, and hence, an opportunity to showcase innate leadership characteristics. Some examples of successful first-time political leaders who received accolades across the globe for their handling of the recent COVID-19 crisis are from developed nations like New Zealand, Finland, Australia, and a developing nation, India. It is in this context that the leadership styles, behavioral patterns and decision-making abilities of these first time political leaders is analysed with special reference to their response to the COVID-19 crisis. This analysis may enable other leaders in replicating these behaviours to succeed as leaders in crisis situations.
Enduring Repeated First-Time Leadership
Authors: Guah Matthew Waritay
Published: January 2021

Some observers blame Mrs. Hilary Clinton's failure to become president on the unwillingness of Americans to endure repeated first-time leadership. After two successful terms of President Barrack Obama—first Black President of the United States of America, plus the first woman president—would have been a repeated first-time leadership. Generally, nations select a new type of leader once, then recline to the traditional type of leader—an older, highly educated male, from the upper class and predominant race. Liberia, on the other hand, has successively elected a first-time leader on three different occasions. What are the results in terms of human, economic, technological, and infrastructure development? The chapter examines the leadership of non-college educated military sergeant, female president on the African continent, and superstar international soccer player. It summarizes Liberia's economics and healthcare infrastructure.
First-Time Leaders and the Role of Organizational Culture in Family Businesses
Authors: Stefanovska - Petkovska Miodraga , Bojadjiev Marjan I. , Mileva Ivona
Published: January 2021

The recent decades have witnessed a rapid evolution in the study of family businesses; however, despite their unprecedented importance, the information on family businesses remains fragmented and hard to compare. The uniqueness of family business lies in its structure – it is made up of two connected and interdependent components: family and business. Hence, it is logical to assume that every family business will reflect the family that is behind it. Yet, the characterization of these family values have been the missing component in our understanding of family business. The main aims of the research were (1) to provide understanding of the demographic and leadership characteristics of first time leaders, (2) provide a link between the first time leadership characters and organizational culture (as perceived by the employees), and (3) consequently, their alignment. The research was implemented on nine first time leaders and 837 employees from nine that operate in four industries. The chapter conjectures about the potential role of gender and age in leadership style across industries.
A First-Time Leader in the Time of COVID-19
Authors: Mims Joshua
Published: January 2021

In this case study, a faculty member at a Historically Black College/University (HBCU) shares their story of working as a white male in an all-Black college from first hire, to leaving, to returning in order to lead their former academic program. During their first year of leadership the author faced personal tragedy, professional promotion, strained relationships with colleagues, and finally, a global pandemic that changed the world. For those interested in the experiences of a first-time leader, this is a unique case study.
ERRATUM: Tobacco smoking, related harm and motivation to quit smoking in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders
Authors: Caponnetto Pasquale , Polosa Riccardo
Published: January 2021

Due to an error, dr. Deborah Robson and dr. Linda Bauld were mistakenly included as authors in this article, published in 2020 in Health Psychology Research. DOI: 10.4081/hpr.2019.9042 - PMCID: PMC7267811 - PMID: 32510003).

The correct authorship appears above.
Characteristics of effective online interventions: implications for adolescents with personality disorder during a global pandemic
Authors: Reis Samantha , Matthews Emily L. , Grenyer Brin F.S.
Published: January 2021

In recent years, the necessity of providing online interventions for adolescents, as an alternative to face-to-face interventions, has become apparent due to several barriers some adolescents face in accessing treatment. This need has become more critical with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic impacting the delivery of psychotherapy and limiting accessibility of face-to-face therapy. Whilst it has been established that face-to-face psychotherapy for adolescents with personality disorder can be effective in reducing the impact these complex mental illnesses have on functioning, online interventions for adolescents are rare, and to our knowledge there are no empirically validated online interventions for personality disorder. The development of novel online interventions are therefore necessary. To inform the development of online interventions for adolescents with personality disorder or symptoms of emerging personality disorder, a two-phase rapid review was conducted. Phase one consisted of a search and examination of existing online mental health programs for adolescents with symptoms of personality disorder, to understand how to best use online platforms. Phase two consisted of a rapid review of empirical literature examining online interventions for adolescents experiencing symptoms of personality disorder to identify characteristics that promote efficacy. There were no online programs specific to personality disorder in adolescence. However, 32 online mental health programs and 41 published empirical studies were included for analysis. Common intervention characteristics included timeframes of one to two months, regular confidential therapist contact, simple interactive online components and modules, and the inclusion of homework or workbook activities to practice new skills. There is an urgent need for online interventions targeting personality dysfunction in adolescence. Several characteristics of effective online interventions for adolescents were identified. These characteristics can help inform the development and implementation of novel online treatments to prevent and reduce the burden and impact of personality disorder, or symptoms of emerging personality disorder, in adolescents. This has implications for the COVID-19 pandemic when access to effective online interventions has become more urgent.