bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Numerical Study for Flow Excitation and Performance of Rampressor Inlet considering Rotor Motion
Authors: Kang Weijia , Liu Zhansheng , Lu Jiangbo , Wang Yu , Dong Yanyang
Published: July 2014

A unique supersonic compressor rotor with high pressure ratio, termed the Rampressor, is presented by Ramgen Power Systems, Inc. (RPS). In order to obtain the excitation characteristic and performance of Rampressor inlet flow field under external excitation, compression inlet flow of Rampressor is studied with considering Rampressor rotor whirling. Flow excitation characteristics and performance of Rampressor inlet are analyzed under different frequency and amplitude of Rampressor rotor whirling. The results indicate that the rotor whirling has a significant effect for flow excitation characteristics and performance of Rampressor inlet. The effect of rotor whirling on the different inlet location excitation has a definite phase difference. Inlet excitation becomes more complex along with the inlet flow path. More frequency components appear in the excitation spectrum of Rampressor inlet with considering Rampressor rotor whirling. The main frequency component is the fundamental frequency, which is caused by the rotor whirling. Besides the fundamental frequency, the double frequency components are generated due to the coupling between inlet compression flow of Rampressor rotor and rotor whirling, especially in the subsonic diffuser of Rampressor rotor inlet. With the increment of rotor whirling frequency and whirling amplitude, the complexity of Rampressor inlet excitation increases, and the stability of Rampressor inlet performance deteriorates.
Effects of Extract from Cole Pollen on Lipid Metabolism in Experimental Hyperlipidemic Rats
Authors: Geng Yue , Tu Wen-li , Zhang Jing-jing , Zhang Liang , Zhang Jian
Published: July 2014

In order to evaluate the effects of extract by SCE (supercritical carbon dioxide extraction) from cole pollen on lipid metabolism in hyperlipidemic rats, the experimental hyperlipidemic rats were established by providing with high fat diets, and randomized into six groups. After four weeks of perfusion diets into stomach, the rats were executed, and lipid levels of serum and hepatic tissue were detected. The serum levels of TC and TG were significantly lower in the pollen extract groups and MC group than in HFC group. Hepatic TC levels were decreased in rats fed pollen extract and lovastatin compared with HFC group. A higher concentration of HDL-C and apoAI in hepatic tissue was measured after intake of the pollen extract compared to the HFC group (P<0.05). LCAT activity in serum of pollen extract groups was significantly higher than that in HFC group, and also HMG-CoA reductase showed decreasing tendency in pollen extract groups. The contents of DHA in pollen extract groups were found higher than those in HFC group. Cole pollen extract enriched in alpha-linolenic acid is likely to be a novel source of ALA which is probably responsible for favorable lipid changes through promoting transportation, excretion, and metabolism of cholesterol in hepatic tissue and serum.
Pregnancy Differentially Regulates the Collagens Types I and III in Left Ventricle from Rat Heart
Authors: Limon-Miranda Sarai , Salazar-Enriquez Diana G. , Muñiz Jesus , Ramirez-Archila Mario V. , Sanchez-Pastor Enrique A. , Andrade Felipa , Soñanez-Organis Jose G. , Moran-Palacio Edgar F. , Virgen-Ortiz Adolfo
Published: July 2014

The pathologic cardiac remodeling has been widely documented; however, the physiological cardiac remodeling induced by pregnancy and its reversion in postpartum are poorly understood. In the present study we investigated the changes in collagen I (Col I) and collagen III (Col III) mRNA and protein levels in left ventricle from rat heart during pregnancy and postpartum. Col I and Col III mRNA expression in left ventricle samples during pregnancy and postpartum were analyzed by using quantitative PCR. Data obtained from gene expression show that Col I and Col III in left ventricle are upregulated during pregnancy with reversion in postpartum. In contrast to gene expression, the protein expression evaluated by western blot showed that Col I is downregulated and Col III is upregulated in left ventricle during pregnancy. In conclusion, the pregnancy differentially regulates collagens types I and III in heart; this finding could be an important molecular mechanism that regulates the ventricular stiffness in response to blood volume overload present during pregnancy which is reversed in postpartum.
Ubiquitin-like Protein FAT10 Promotes the Invasion and Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Modifying β-Catenin Degradation
Authors: Yuan Rongfa , Wang Kai , Hu Junwen , Yan Chen , Li Ming , Yu Xin , Liu Xiuxia , Lei Jun , Guo Wuhua , Wu Linquan , Hong Kui , Shao Jianghua
Published: July 2014

The ubiquitin-like protein FAT10 and the homeobox protein HOXB9 each promote metastatic progression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we investigated the clinicopathologic significance of FAT10 and HOXB9 in HCC and investigated a mechanistic role for FAT10 in HOXB9-mediated invasiveness and metastasis. Relative to adjacent normal tissues, FAT10 and HOXB9 were markedly overexpressed in HCC, where a positive correlation in their expression and associated malignant characteristics were found. RNAi-mediated silencing of FAT10 decreased HOXB9 expression and inhibited HCC invasion and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. The effects of FAT10 silencing were reversed by HOXB9 overexpression, whereas RNAi-mediated silencing of HOXB9 decreased HCC invasion and metastasis driven by FAT10 overexpression. Mechanistically, FAT10 regulated HOXB9 expression by modulating the β-catenin/TCF4 pathway, directly binding to β-catenin and preventing its ubiquitination and degradation. Together, our results identified a novel HCC regulatory circuit involving FAT10, β-catenin/TCF4, and HOXB9, the dysfunction of which drives invasive and metastatic character in HCC. Cancer Res; 74(18); 5287–300. ©2014 AACR.
The RAC1 P29S Hotspot Mutation in Melanoma Confers Resistance to Pharmacological Inhibition of RAF
Authors: Watson Ian R. , Li Liren , Cabeceiras Peter K. , Mahdavi Mozhdeh , Gutschner Tony , Genovese Giannicola , Wang Guocan , Fang Zhuangna , Tepper James M. , Stemke-Hale Katherine , Tsai Kenneth Y. , Davies Michael A. , Mills Gordon B. , Chin Lynda
Published: July 2014

Following mutations in BRAF and NRAS, the RAC1 c.85C>T single-nucleotide variant (SNV) encoding P29S amino acid change represents the next most frequently observed protein-coding hotspot mutation in melanoma. However, the biologic and clinical significance of the RAC1 P29S somatic mutation in approximately 4% to 9% of patients remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that melanoma cell lines possessing the RAC1 hotspot variant are resistant to RAF inhibitors (vemurafenib and dabrafenib). Enforced expression of RAC1 P29S in sensitive BRAF-mutant melanoma cell lines confers resistance manifested by increased viability, decreased apoptosis, and enhanced tumor growth in vivo upon treatment with RAF inhibitors. Conversely, RNAi-mediated silencing of endogenous RAC1 P29S in a melanoma cell line with a co-occurring BRAF V600 mutation increased sensitivity to vemurafenib and dabrafenib. Our results suggest RAC1 P29S status may offer a predictive biomarker for RAF inhibitor resistance in melanoma patients, where it should be evaluated clinically. Cancer Res; 74(17); 4845–52. ©2014 AACR.
High-density lipoprotein from patients with coronary heart disease loses anti-thrombotic effects on endothelial cells: impact on arterial thrombus formation
Authors: Holy Erik , Besler Christian , Reiner Martin , Camici Giovanni , Manz Jasmin , Beer Jürg , Lüscher Thomas , Landmesser Ulf , Tanner Felix
Published: July 2014

Thrombus formation is determined by the balance between prothrombotic mediators and anti-thrombotic factors. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) from healthy subjects exerts anti-thrombotic properties. Whether this is also the case for HDL from patients with stable coronary heart disease (CHD) or acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is unknown. In human aortic endothelial cells in culture, HDL (50 μg/ml) from healthy subjects (HS) inhibited thrombin-induced tissue factor (TF) expression and activity, while HDL (50 μg/ml) from CHD and ACS patients did not. Similarly, only healthy HDL increased endothelial tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) expression and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) release, while HDL from CHD and ACS patients had no effect. Healthy HDL inhibited thrombin-induced plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) expression, while HDL from ACS patients enhanced endothelial PAI-1 expression. Inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) formation with L-NAME (100 μmol/l) abolished the anti-thrombotic effects of healthy HDL on TF, TFPI, and tPA expression. The exogenous nitric oxide donor, DETANO, mimicked the effects of healthy HDL and counterbalanced the loss of anti-thrombotic effects of HDL from CHD and ACS patients in endothelial cells. In line with this observation, healthy HDL, in contrast to HDL from CHD and ACS patients, increased endothelial NO production. In the laser-injured carotid artery of the mouse, thrombus formation was delayed in animals treated with healthy HDL compared with mice treated with vehicle or HDL from patients with CHD or ACS. In conclusion, HDL from CHD and ACS patients loses the ability of healthy HDL to suppress TF and to increase TFPI and t-PA and instead enhances PAI-1 and arterial thrombus formation.
Thrombin selectively induces transcription of genes in human monocytes involved in inflammation and wound healing
Authors: Bruges Gustavo , Crespo Gustavo , Salazar Victor , Deglesne Pierre-Antoine , Schneider Heike , Cabrera-Fuentes Hector , Schmitz M. Lienhard , Preissner Klaus , Lopéz Mercedes
Published: July 2014

Thrombin is essential for blood coagulation but functions also as a mediator of cellular signalling. Gene expression microarray experiments in human monocytes revealed thrombin-induced upregulation of a limited subset of genes, which are almost exclusively involved in inflammation and wound healing. Among these, the expression of F3 gene encoding for tissue factor (TF) was enhanced indicating that this physiological initiator of coagulation cascade may create a feed-forward loop to enhance blood coagulation. Activation of protease-activated receptor type 1 (PAR1) was shown to play a main role in promoting TF expression. Moreover, thrombin induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2, an event that is required for expression of thrombin-regulated genes. Thrombin also increased the expression of TF at the protein level in monocytes as evidenced by Western blot and immunostaining. Furthermore, FXa generation induced by thrombin-stimulated monocytes was abolished by a TF blocking antibody and therefore it is entirely attributable to the expression of tissue factor. This cellular activity of thrombin provides a new molecular link between coagulation, inflammation and wound healing.
Nas sendas de Sérgio Buarque de Holanda documentos sobre uma expedição Florentina à Amazônia, em 1608
Authors: Zeron Carlos Alberto de Moura Ribeiro , Camenietzki Carlos Ziller
Published: July 2014

Após as iniciativas empreendidas por Sérgio Buarque de Holanda, este artigo reúne alguns documentos encontrados no Archivio di Stato de Florença que atestam definitivamente a realidade da tentativa de colonização da bacia amazônica pelo Grão-Duque de Florença, Ferdinando I, no início do século XVII. Tais documentos evidenciam as circunstâncias que cercaram essa empreitada, relatando os preparativos, a realização e os resultados da expedição, bem como as negociações diplomáticas que a precederam.
Vícios, virtudes e sentimento regional: São Paulo, da lenda negra à lenda áurea
Authors: Souza Laura de Mello e
Published: July 2014

Este artigo procura recuperar algumas das tradições que, ao longo dos tempos, viram os habitantes de São Paulo ora como bandidos, ora como heróis, buscando detectar matrizes que embasaram formulações historiográficas consagradas e hoje muito discutidas.
Alguns aspectos da influência francesa em São Paulo na segunda metade do século XIX
Authors: Costa Emília Viotti da
Published: July 2014

O artigo mostra, com base em uma documentação variada (jornais, almanaques, memórias, relatos de viajantes, etc.), como a cultura francesa tornou-se de tal forma dominante em São Paulo, a partir de meados do século XIX, que passou a modelar os hábitos, o comportamento e a visão de mundo da elite local, suplantando, paradoxalmente, a Inglaterra país do qual éramos econômica e financeira dependentes.
Os primitivos habitantes do território paulista
Authors: Schaden Egon
Published: July 2014

(Primeiro Parágrafo do Artigo)Fatores múltiplos e de vári natureza, de ordem histórica e geográfica, vieram conjugar-se desde os primórdios da colonização, para afinal conduzirem ao traçado das fronteiras do Estado de São Paulo, tal como o deparamos nos mapas atuais.
Revue D'Historie des Sciences
Authors: Costa J. Cruz
Published: July 2014

REVUE D´HISTOIRE DES SCIENCES (órgão da secção de Historia das Ciências do Centre Internacional de Syntése- T.VI, nº 3). Presses Universitaires de Frances. Paris, 1853(Primeiro Parágrafo do Artigo)Este número da Revue d'Histoire des Sciences traz variada colaboração e documentação.
Documentos coligidos e prefaciados por Américo Pires de Lima
Authors: Matos Odilon Nogueira de
Published: July 2014

O DOUTOR ALEXANDRE RODRIGUES FERREIRA. Documentos coligidos e prefaciados por Américo Pires de Lima. Agência Geral de Ultramar. Lisboa, 1953. 430 págs.(Primeiro Parágrafo do Artigo)Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira foi um dos mais notáveis esploradores do interior brasileiro, já tendo merecido de alguns estudiosos de nosso passado estudos biográficos de valor, entre os quais é justo citar os de Carlos França, em Portugal e o de Vergílio Correa Filho, no Brasil.
Leopoldo de Bulhões, Um financista de princípios (1856-1928)
Authors: Costa J. Cruz
Published: July 2014

BULHÕES (Augusto de) . — Leopoldo de Bulhões, Um financista de princípios (1856-1928)(Primeiro Parágrafo do Artigo)Em alentado volume acaba o Sr. Augusto de Bulhões de escrever um interessante trabalho sobre a vida de seu pai, of financista Leopoldo de Bulhões, cujo nome se encontra ligado a importantes reformas financeiras do país.
Spine Head Calcium as a Measure of Summed Postsynaptic Activity for Driving Synaptic Plasticity
Authors: Graham Bruce P. , Saudargiene Ausra , Cobb Stuart
Published: July 2014

We use a computational model of a hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cell to demonstrate that spine head calcium provides an instantaneous readout at each synapse of the postsynaptic weighted sum of all presynaptic activity impinging on the cell. The form of the readout is equivalent to the functions of weighted, summed inputs used in neural network learning rules. Within a dendritic layer, peak spine head calcium levels are either a linear or sigmoidal function of the number of coactive synapses, with nonlinearity depending on the ability of voltage spread in the dendrites to reach calcium spike threshold. This is strongly controlled by the potassium A-type current, with calcium spikes and the consequent sigmoidal increase in peak spine head calcium present only when the A-channel density is low. Other membrane characteristics influence the gain of the relationship between peak calcium and the number of active synapses. In particular, increasing spine neck resistance increases the gain due to increased voltage responses to synaptic input in spine heads. Colocation of stimulated synapses on a single dendritic branch also increases the gain of the response. Input pathways cooperate: CA3 inputs to the proximal apical dendrites can strongly amplify peak calcium levels due to weak EC input to the distal dendrites, but not so strongly vice versa. CA3 inputs to the basal dendrites can boost calcium levels in the proximal apical dendrites, but the relative electrical compactness of the basal dendrites results in the reverse effect being less significant. These results give pointers as to how to better describe the contributions of pre- and postsynaptic activity in the learning “rules” that apply in these cells. The calcium signal is closer in form to the activity measures used in traditional neural network learning rules than to the spike times used in spike-timing-dependent plasticity.
On Antiperiodic Solutions for Cohen-Grossberg Shunting Inhibitory Neural Networks with Time-Varying Delays and Impulses
Authors: Xu Changjin , Zhang Qiming
Published: July 2014

In this letter, a class of Cohen-Grossberg shunting inhibitory neural networks with time-varying delays and impulses is investigated. Sufficient conditions for the existence and exponential stability of antiperiodic solutions of such a class of neural networks are established. Our results are new and complementary to previously known results. An example is given to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of our main results.
Visual Motion Priors Differ for Infants and Mothers
Authors: Raudies Florian , Gilmore Rick O.
Published: July 2014

Visual motion direction ambiguities due to edge-aperture interaction might be resolved by speed priors, but scant empirical data support this hypothesis. We measured optic flow and gaze positions of walking mothers and the infants they carried. Empirically derived motion priors for infants are vertically elongated and shifted upward relative to mothers. Skewed normal distributions fitted to estimated retinal speeds peak at values above 20[Formula: see text]/sec.
Personnel and Role in the Soviet Political System
Authors: Mitrokhin Nikolay
Published: July 2014

The article analyzes the functions of one of the most important groups of the Soviet bureaucracy. It is based on 120 oral interviews and memoirs of former staff members of the CPSU Central Committee apparatus. In the first part, a new understanding is put forward about the place the Central Committee apparatus occupied in the functioning of the central governing institutions in the Soviet Union in the Brezhnev period. Various specific and non-obvious functions carried out by the apparatus are also discussed.
The second part reviews a collective biography of the Central Committee staff. In particular, the unexpectedly high level of social class and education of the Central Committee staff is noted, as well as their remarkable level of social achievement and fairly young age at the entry level into the CC apparatus. In this part several typical biographical patterns are - analyzed.
In the third part, a comparison with the Western bureaucracy is attempted. In particular, a detailed analysis is made of the anti-corruption measures and means of formation of the corporate discipline in the CC apparatus. The most important difference is found in their respective cultural background, which in the Soviet case was formed by the secondary education they received during Stalin’s rule.
The Case of the Soviet Union During the Brezhnev Era
Authors: Dimitrov Martin K.
Published: July 2014

Can autocracies obtain accurate information on popular opinion? This article approaches this question by focusing on the Soviet Union during the Brezhnev period. Based on Soviet archival materials (primarily Fond 89, the Volkogonov papers, and the Rubinov collection), the article argues that the Soviet regime relied on three main channels to track popular preferences: the kgb, opinion polling, and the analysis of citizen complaint letters. Each of these channels provided a different type of information: the kgb tracked levels of political dissent; opinion polling assessed general levels of satisfaction with the regime; and citizen complaints produced detailed information on the redistributive preferences of the population. Individually, none of these channels provided sufficient information on public opinion. However, when taken as a whole, they supplied the leadership with surprisingly nuanced information on popular preferences.
Proto-Siraya Phonology: A Reconstruction
Authors: Adelaar Alexander
Published: July 2014

In this paper I make a phonological comparison of Siraya dialects and reconstruct Proto-Siraya phonology applying the comparative method. Siraya is a dormant language with various dialects once spoken in Southwest Taiwan. The present reconstruction is largely based on 17th century liturgical texts and a wordlist, and to a lesser extent on wordlists of various dialects collected at the turn of the 20th century. An unexpected outcome of this comparison is that Proto-Siraya still had distinct reflexes of Proto-Austronesian *R and *S, although they subsequently merged in a palatal fricative in the individual dialects of Siraya. 

Dans cet article, nous effectuons une comparaison phonologique des dialectes du siraya, et reconstruisons la phonologie du proto-siraya en appliquant la méthode comparative. Le siraya est une langue ‘en sommeil’ très dialectalisée qui était parlée autrefois au sud-ouest de Taiwan. Notre reconstruction est basée pour l’essentiel sur les textes liturgiques du 17ème siècle, et dans une moindre mesure sur des listes de mots de différents dialectes recueillis au tout début du 20ème siècle. Cette comparaison a permis la découverte inattendue de la préservation  par le proto-siraya de la distinction entre les consonnes *R et *S du proto-austronésien, bien qu’elles se soient confondues en une fricative palatale dans les différents dialectes du siraya.
Hadzinia ferrani, sp. n. (Opiliones: Nemastomatidae), a highly
specialized troglobiotic harvestman from Slovenia
Authors: NOVAK TONE , KOZEL PETER
Published: July 2014

A highly specialized, endemic troglobiotic harvestman, Hadzinia ferrani sp. n., recently found in the Ferranova buža cave in the karst of Mt. Ulovka in central Slovenia is described. It is characterized by its small, 1.1−1.4 mm long body and very long, thin appendages, with leg II more than 20-times as long as the body. Although very similar to Nemaspela Šilhavý, 1966, the genus Hadzinia Šilhavý, 1966 can be clearly differentiated from Nemaspela by its truncated glans and short stylus, well delimited from the glans. According to these characteristics, Hadzinia is assumed most closely related to Pyza Staręga, 1976 and Vestiferum Martens, 2006 rather than to Nemaspela with the glans gradually tapering into a mostly long stylus. Genital morphology is the most appropriate and probably the only morphological approach for investigating relationships among the taxa under study.
Clarification of the authorship, type species, and date of the genus Taxigramma (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)
Authors: Evenhuis Neal L. , PAPE THOMAS
Published: July 2014

The authorship and date of publication of the genus Taxigramma is found to be established by Macquart in 1850, with the type species Miltogramma heteroneura Meigen, 1830, by monotypy. A history of the name and its junior synonym Heteropterina Macquart, 1854, is given.
Sensitivity of Modeled Precipitation to Sea Surface Temperature in Regions with Complex Topography and Coastlines: A Case Study for the Mediterranean
Authors: Senatore Alfonso , Mendicino Giuseppe , Knoche Hans Richard , Kunstmann Harald
Published: July 2014

An analysis of the effects of SST representation on precipitation in long-term continuous simulations was carried out for the Mediterranean peninsula of Calabria, Italy, which is characterized by complex coastlines and orography. A parameterization analysis was performed to find an optimal model configuration, using a method where SST fields are directly ingested from NCEP datasets into the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model lower boundary condition files. The results of the optimal configuration were used for a comparison with recorded precipitation patterns for a very wet period (from November 2008 to January 2009), adopting several interpolation options available in the WRF Preprocessing System. An additional comparison was made against a uniform variation of the original SST fields by ε = ±0.5 K. It was found that the interpolation options mainly affect near-coastline SSTs, where methods requiring fewer source data points have several advantages. Effects of SST representation on precipitation, accumulated over the whole 3-month period, are generally lower than ±2%, but a specific class of events (synoptic situations) with strong differences in precipitation patterns was identified. These events are connected to pressure systems moving from the African coast to the north and approaching the Sicilian and Calabrian coastlines. Two of these events, which occurred on 27–29 December 2008 and 9 January 2009, were analyzed in detail, highlighting that small variations of SST values induce slight shifts in the paths of the weather fronts. These slight shifts are important enough to determine whether or not wet air masses can reach the mountain ranges close to the coast, where rainfall intensity is enhanced by orographic effects.
Characterization and mechanical properties of foamed poly(ɛ-caprolactone) and Mater-Bi blends using CO2 as blowing agent
Authors: Ogunsona Emmanuel , D’Souza Nandika A
Published: July 2014

Biodegradable foams are a key area of growth for packaging applications. Starch-based materials have been a successful environmentally degradable polymer. However, making foams out of these materials has been challenging due to their chemical composition and consequent low miscibility in CO2. We examine the potential for developing biodegradable foams with one component being a starch-based polymer by introducing it into polycaprolactone. Polycaprolactone has thus far shown very high-expansion ratios for foams with supercritical CO2. Blends with increasing amounts of starch-based materials were processed and foamed using isothermal treatments with supercritical CO2. Characterization of the samples was done using X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy. The melting enthalpies and temperatures of the starch-based materials phase decreased with decreasing starch-based materials indicating some an influence of polycaprolactone on the starch-based materials crystallinity. Foaming, however, caused a reversal in this effect with the foamed melting points similar to the pure components. Micrographs of the samples from the scanning electron microscopy revealed that the cell size of the foams reduced with the increase in starch-based materials concentration. Mechanical tests—tensile, compression, shear, and impact—were performed on the foamed samples. The results indicate a valuable approach to foaming materials that are compostable but not CO2 miscible through blending with a highly foamable polymer such as polycaprolactone.
Comment: 'Neighbourhood attachment in ethnically diverse areas: The role of interethnic ties'
Authors: Stark Oded
Published: July 2014

While unearthing patterns and regularities in data, a recent article by Górny and Torunczyk-Ruiz (2013) falls short of explaining the observed patterns. This comment augments the article in this regard. The considerations that are brought to bear here on the article relate to preferences and self-selection; to human, social, neighbourhood-specific, and political capital; and to attachment to a neighbourhood, and preference for diversity.
Relative deprivation and ‘the diversity effect’ in explaining neighbourhood attachment: Alternative or complementary mechanisms?
Authors: Górny Agata , Toruńczyk-Ruiz Sabina
Published: July 2014

In a 2014 paper, we demonstrated that the negative relationship between ethnic diversity and neighbourhood attachment was moderated by interethnic ties differently for migrants and natives living in ethnically diverse neighbourhoods. In this article, we respond to the Comment on our paper by Oded Stark, who proposes to interpret our findings within the framework of relative deprivation theory, and to explain the different results for migrants and natives by different preferences for diversity and resulting self-selection processes among the two groups. We argue that explaining the negative link between ethnic diversity and neighbourhood attachment by a distaste for relative deprivation is problematic given the intricacies of relationships between ethnic diversity, economic diversity, economic inequality and neighbourhood attachment. We note that employing the concept of relative deprivation in the analyses of ethnic diversity effects should acknowledge the role that interethnic ties play in the way natives and migrants define their reference groups. We also claim that preferences for diversity are unlikely to constitute a substantial basis for residential selection among migrants and natives, given the role of structural and socio-psychological factors in residential choices.
Ultrasonography study on the segmental aplasia of the great saphenous vein
Authors: Oguzkurt Levent
Published: July 2014

Purpose

To assess the frequency and anatomic distribution of the segmental aplasia of the great saphenous vein (GSV) using ultrasonography in patients who presented with a clinical etiologic anatomic and pathophysiologic (CEAP) score 1 and above.

Materials and Methods

A prospective study on 670 limbs of 335 consecutive patients evaluated for segmental aplasia of the GSV with ultrasonography. The difference of segmental aplasia of the GSV between patients with and without GSV insufficiency was searched.

Results

Segmental aplasia of the GSV was found in 223 of 670 limbs (33%). Segmental aplasia of the GSV was seen in 65 of 189 limbs (34.4%) with GSV insufficiency and 45 of 146 limbs (30.8%) with normal GSV on the right side ( P = 0.52), and 65 of 194 limbs (33.5%) with GSV insufficiency and 44 of 141 limbs (31.2%) with normal GSV on the left side ( P = 0.72).

Conclusion

Segmental aplasia of the GSV was seen in one-third of patients who had a CEAP score 1 and above. The frequency of the segmental aplasia was almost the same in the right and the left limbs and was similar in patients with or without GSV insufficiency.
Improvement in balance using a virtual reality-based stepping exercise: a randomized controlled trial involving individuals with chronic stroke
Authors: Lloréns Roberto , Gil-Gómez José-Antonio , Alcañiz Mariano , Colomer Carolina , Noé Enrique
Published: July 2014

Objective:

To study the clinical effectiveness and the usability of a virtual reality-based intervention compared with conventional physical therapy in the balance recovery of individuals with chronic stroke.

Design:

Randomized controlled trial.

Setting:

Outpatient neurorehabilitation unit.

Participants:

A total of 20 individuals with chronic stroke.

Interventions:

The intervention consisted of 20 one-hour sessions, five sessions per week. The experimental group combined 30 minutes with the virtual reality-based intervention with 30 minutes of conventional training. The control group underwent one hour conventional therapy.

Main measures:

Balance performance was assessed at the beginning and at the end of the trial using the Berg Balance Scale, the balance and gait subscales of the Tinetti Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment, the Brunel Balance Assessment, and the 10-m Walking Test. Subjective data of the virtual reality-based intervention were collected from the experimental group, with a feedback questionnaire at the end of the trial.

Results:

The results revealed a significant group-by-time interaction in the scores of the Berg Balance Scale ( p < 0.05) and in the 10-m Walking Test ( p < 0.05). Post-hoc analyses showed greater improvement in the experimental group: 3.8 ±2.6 vs. 1.8 ±1.4 in the Berg Balance Scale, –1.9 ±1.6 seconds vs. 0.0 ±2.3 seconds in the 10-m Walking Test, and also in the number of participants who increased level in the Brunel Balance Assessment (χ2 = 2.5, p < 0.01).

Conclusions:

Virtual reality interventions can be an effective resource to enhance the improvement of balance in individuals with chronic stroke.
The development and implementation of the structured training programme for caregivers of inpatients after stroke (TRACS) intervention: The London Stroke Carers Training Course
Authors: Forster Anne , Dickerson Josie , Melbourn Anne , Steadman Jayne , Wittink Margreet , Young John , Kalra Lalit , Farrin Amanda ,   on behalf of the TRACS trial collaboration
Published: July 2014

Objective:

To describe the content and delivery of the adapted London Stroke Carers Training Course intervention evaluated in the Training Caregivers after Stroke (TRACS) trial.

Setting:

The London Stroke Carers Training Course is a structured training programme for caregivers of inpatients who are likely to return home after their stroke. The course was delivered by members of the multidisciplinary team while the patient was in the stroke unit with one recommended ‘follow through’ session after discharge home.

Intervention:

The intervention consists of 14 training components (six mandatory) that were identified as important knowledge/skills that caregivers would need to be able to care for the stroke patient after discharge home. Following national training days, the London Stroke Carers Training Course was disseminated to intervention sites by the cascade method of implementation.

Results:

The intervention was adapted for implementation across a range of stroke units. Training days were well attended (median 2.5 and 2.0 attendees per centre for the first and second days, respectively) and the feedback positive, demonstrating ‘face validity’ for the intervention. However cascading of this training to other members of the multidisciplinary team was not consistent, with 7/18 centres recording no cascade training.

Conclusion:

The adapted London Stroke Carers Training Course provided a training programme that could be delivered in a standardised, structured way in a variety of stroke unit settings throughout the UK. The intervention was well received by stroke unit staff, however, the cascade method of implementation was not as effective as we would have wished.
Developing Markets? Understanding the Role of Markets and Development at the Intersection of Macromarketing and Transformative Consumer Research (TCR)
Authors: Figueiredo Bernardo , Chelekis Jessica , DeBerry-Spence Benet , Fırat A. Fuat , Ger Güliz , Godefroit-Winkel Delphine , Kravets Olga , Moisander Johanna , Nuttavuthisit Krittinee , Peñaloza Lisa , Tadajewski Mark
Published: July 2014

Situated at the intersection of markets and development, this commentary aims to promote a cross-fertilization of macromarketing and Transformative Consumer Research (TCR) that directs attention to the sociocultural context and situational embeddedness of consumer experience and well-being, while acknowledging complex, systemic interdependencies between markets, marketing, and society. Based on a critical review of the meaning of development and an interrogation of various developmental discourses, the authors develop a conceptual framework that brings together issues of development, well-being, and social inequalities. We suggest that these issues are better understood and addressed when examined via grounded investigations of the role of markets in shaping the management of resources, consumer agency, power inequalities and ethics. The use of markets as units of analysis may lead to further cross-fertilizations of TCR and macromarketing and to more comprehensive theorizing and transformational impact. Two empirical cases are provided to illustrate our framework.
Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation of the Ankle
Authors: Kwak Steve K. , Kern Brian S. , Ferkel Richard D. , Chan Keith W. , Kasraeian Sina , Applegate Gregory R.
Published: July 2014

Background:

The treatment of osteochondral lesions of the talus after failed surgery is challenging, with no clear solution. Short-term results using autologous chondrocyte implantation have been promising.

Purpose:

To report the long-term outcomes of patients who underwent autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) of the talus after failed marrow stimulation techniques for osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLTs).

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Thirty-two consecutive patients underwent ACI of the talus, and 29 patients (15 male, 14 female; mean age, 34 years [range, 16-54 years]) were available for follow-up. There were 23 medial and 6 lateral lesions, with a mean size of 18 × 11 mm (198 mm2; range, 80-500 mm2). Twenty patients underwent ACI of the talus alone; 9 underwent ACI with bone grafting of underlying cysts. Follow-up was performed at a mean of 70 months (range, 24-129 months). Patient outcomes were evaluated using the simplified symptomatology score, Tegner activity score, Finsen score, and American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score. Twenty-five patients (86%) underwent second-look arthroscopic surgery at the time of hardware removal and were assessed with the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) score. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on 24 patients (83%) and compared with preoperative MRI scans.

Results:

Preoperatively, 26 patients rated their ankles as poor and 3 as fair using the simplified symptomatology score. At last follow-up, 9 were classified as excellent, 14 as good, 5 as fair, and 1 as poor using the same score. The mean AOFAS score improved from 50.1 to 85.9 (range, 65-100). The mean Tegner activity score improved from 1.6 to 4.3 ( P < .0001). The mean Finsen score (modified Weber score) showed significant improvement from 13.7 to 5.1 ( P < .0001).

Conclusion:

Autologous chondrocyte implantation of the talus yields improvement in all parameters tested with enduring long-term results in patients who have failed previous surgery for OLTs.
Acute Achilles Tendon Ruptures
Authors: Huttunen Tuomas T. , Kannus Pekka , Rolf Christer , Felländer-Tsai Li , Mattila Ville M.
Published: July 2014

Background:

Population-based incidence rates and trends of acute Achilles tendon ruptures are not known. It is also not known whether recent high-quality randomized controlled trials not favoring surgery have had an effect on treatment protocols.

Purpose:

To assess the incidence of acute Achilles tendon ruptures in Sweden and to examine the trends in surgical treatment.

Study Design:

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Methods:

We conducted a nationwide registry-based study including all adult (≥18 years of age) inpatient and outpatient hospital visits because of an acute Achilles tendon rupture in Sweden between 2001 and 2012.

Results:

We identified a total of 27,702 patients (21,979 men, 79%) with acute Achilles tendon ruptures between 2001 and 2012. In 2001, the sex-specific incidence of acute Achilles tendon ruptures was 47.0 (per 100,000 person-years) in men and 12.0 in women. In 2012, the corresponding values were 55.2 in men and 14.7 in women, with an increase of 17% in men and 22% in women. The proportion of surgically treated patients declined from 43% in 2001 to 28% in 2012 in men and from 34% in 2001 to 22% in 2012 in women.

Conclusion:

The incidence of acute Achilles tendon ruptures in Sweden is increasing. The most probable reason for this increase is the rise in the number of older adults participating in high-demand sports. The proportion of surgically treated patients is decreasing most likely because of recent high-quality randomized controlled trials and their meta-analyses supporting similar results between surgical and nonsurgical approaches.
Nutrition in the Great East Japan Earthquake Disaster
Authors: Amagai Teruyoshi , Ichimaru Satomi , Tai Mayumi , Ejiri Yutaka , Muto Atsushi
Published: July 2014

The Great East Japan Earthquake Disaster (GEJED) struck the northeast region of Honshu, the main island of Japan, on March 11, 2011. This mega‐disaster claimed more than 15,000 lives, with approximately 3000 later deaths being disaster related. The GEJED consisted of a mega‐earthquake, tsunami, and nuclear accident. Survivors living in temporary shelters might have received insufficient levels of vitamins, with the exception of vitamin B1, which appeared to be overestimated, and excess levels of sodium. However, scientific data collection and surveys following the GEJED were extremely limited. This experience highlights the need to prepare an “emergency nutrition assessment” system for optimal nutrition in future disasters.
Experimental and computational investigation of Morse taper conometric system reliability for the definition of fixed connections between dental implants and prostheses
Authors: Bressan Eriberto , Lops Diego , Tomasi Cristiano , Ricci Sara , Stocchero Michele , Carniel Emanuele Luigi
Published: July 2014

Nowadays, dental implantology is a reliable technique for treatment of partially and completely edentulous patients. The achievement of stable dentition is ensured by implant-supported fixed dental prostheses. Morse taper conometric system may provide fixed retention between implants and dental prostheses. The aim of this study was to investigate retentive performance and mechanical strength of a Morse taper conometric system used as implant-supported fixed dental prostheses retention. Experimental and finite element investigations were performed. Experimental tests were achieved on a specific abutment–coping system, accounting for both cemented and non-cemented situations. The results from the experimental activities were processed to identify the mechanical behavior of the coping–abutment interface. Finally, the achieved information was applied to develop reliable finite element models of different abutment–coping systems. The analyses were developed accounting for different geometrical conformations of the abutment–coping system, such as different taper angle. The results showed that activation process, occurred through a suitable insertion force, could provide retentive performances equal to a cemented system without compromising the mechanical functionality of the system. These findings suggest that Morse taper conometrical system can provide a fixed connection between implants and dental prostheses if proper insertion force is applied. Activation process does not compromise the mechanical functionality of the system.
Identification of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in administrative healthcare databases
Authors: Hanly J G , Thompson K , Skedgel C
Published: July 2014

Objective

Our aim was to validate and compare decision rules for the identification of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in administrative healthcare databases.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was performed using administrative health care data from a population of 1 million people with access to universal healthcare. Information was available on hospital discharges and physician billings over a 10-year period. Each SLE case was matched 4:1 by age and gender to randomly selected controls. Seven case definitions were applied to identify SLE cases and their performance compared with the diagnosis by a rheumatologist.

Results

We identified 373 SLE cases and 1492 non-SLE controls, all of whom had been reviewed by a rheumatologist. The overall accuracy of the case definitions for SLE cases varied between 88.2–95.6% with a kappa statistic between 0.53–0.86. The sensitivity varied from 41.0–86.6% and the specificity between 92.4–99.9%. In a total reference population of 1 million the mean estimated annual incidence of SLE was between 29–255 and the mean estimated annual prevalence was between 172–920.

Conclusion

The accuracy of case definitions for the identification of SLE patients in administrative healthcare databases is variable and this should be considered when comparing results across studies. This variability may also be used to advantage in different study designs depending on the relative importance of sensitivity and specificity for identifying the population of interest to the research question.
Asymptomatic Breast Cancer in Non-Participants of the National Screening Programme in Norway: A Confounding Factor in Evaluation?
Authors: Hoff Solveig R , Klepp Olbjørn , Hofvind Solveig
Published: July 2014

Objective

To evaluate the extent and histopathological characteristics of asymptomatic breast cancer detected outside the Norwegian Breast Cancer Screening Program (NBCSP) in women targeted by the programme.

Methods

Our study included 568 primary breast cancers (523 invasive and 45 ductal carcinoma in situ) diagnosed in 553 women aged 50–70, residing in Møre og Romsdal County, 2002–2008. The cancers were divided into screening-detected cancers in the NBCSP, interval cancers (ICs) and cancers detected in women not participating in the NBCSP (never participated and lapsed attendees), and further into asymptomatic and symptomatic cancers. Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI) was used for comparisons across the groups and the distributions were compared using chi-square tests for statistical significance.

Results

Twenty percent (19/97) of the ICs and 32% (69/213) of the breast cancers in non-participants were asymptomatic, with opportunistic screening as the most frequent detection method (42%, 8/19 for ICs and 54%, 37/69 for non-participants). There were no differences in distribution of NPI prognostic categories across subgroups of asymptomatic invasive cancers (screening-detected cancers in the NBCSP, asymptomatic ICs and asymptomatic cancers in non-participants) or between subgroups of symptomatic invasive cancers (symptomatic ICs and symptomatic cancers in non-participants). Asymptomatic cancers had a significantly more favourable distribution of NPI prognostic categories compared with symptomatic cancers ( P < 0.001). The proportion of invasive cancers with excellent/good NPI was 53% (164/310) for all asymptomatic and 25% (52/211) for all symptomatic invasive cancers.

Conclusions

A considerable percentage of breast cancers detected outside the organized screening programme were asymptomatic, with a prognostic profile comparable with screening-detected breast cancers in the NBCSP. Individual data regarding the detection method for all breast cancers are needed for a complete evaluation of the organized screening programme in Norway.
Suppurative otitis and ascending meningoencephalitis associated with Bacteroides tectus and Porphyromonas gulae in a captive Parma wallaby (Macropus parma) with toxoplasmosis
Authors: Giannitti Federico , Schapira Andrea , Anderson Mark , Clothier Kristin
Published: July 2014

A 6-year-old female Parma wallaby ( Macropus parma) at a zoo in California developed acute ataxia and left-sided circling. Despite intensive care, clinical signs progressed to incoordination and prostration, and the animal was euthanized. At necropsy, the left tympanic cavity was filled with homogeneous suppurative exudate that extended into the cranium expanding the meninges and neuroparenchyma in the lateral and ventral aspect of the caudal ipsilateral brainstem and medulla oblongata. Microscopically, the brainstem showed regional severe suppurative meningoencephalitis with large numbers of neutrophils, fewer macrophages, and lymphocytes admixed with fibrin, necrotic cellular debris, hemorrhage, and mineralization, with numerous intralesional Gram-negative bacilli. Bacteroides spp. and Porphyromonas spp. were isolated on anaerobic culture from the meninges, and the bacteria were further characterized by partial 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing as Bacteroides tectus and Porphyromonas gulae. Bacterial aerobic culture from the meninges yielded very low numbers of mixed flora and Proteus spp., which were considered contaminants. Culture of Mycoplasma spp. from middle ear and meninges was negative. Additionally, Toxoplasma gondii cysts were detected by immunohistochemistry in the heart and brain, and anti- Toxoplasma antibodies were detected in serum. The genera Bacteroides and Porphyromonas have been associated with oral disease in marsupials; but not with otitis and meningoencephalitis. The results of the present work highlight the importance of performing anaerobic cultures in the diagnostic investigation of cases of suppurative otitis and meningoencephalitis in macropods.