bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global migrations of the discourse of “gender ideology” and moral panics: transnational fundamentalism from the Vatican to Turkey
Authors: Çeler Zafer
Published: November 2024

This article looks at the gender regime of the governing Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi; AKP) in Turkey through the double lenses of “gender ideology” and moral panics. It traces the itinerary along which “gender ideology” as a reactionary discourse has traveled through a landscape stretching from the Vatican to Turkey. This trajectory places the AKP’s gender perspective and policies within a larger right-wing populist rhetoric of transnational fundamentalism which claims gender is an ideology. The “gender ideology” discourse of the AKP is maintained through a constant sense of crisis which reveals itself in moments of moral panics. The article specifically takes the period of 2019–2020 where such a moment of moral panic was heightened and examines this specific period through an analysis of public speeches of political figures, newspaper articles, and other published materials on the issue. The article shows how this fundamentalist discourse of “gender ideology” and its concomitant strategy of moral panics built an oppressive political environment for women and LGBTI+ people in Turkey and paved the road to the country’s withdrawal from the İstanbul Convention in 2021.
Controlling a kisser: fermented products and commercial insects' lures as attractants of kissing bugs
Authors: Alavez-Rosas David , Flores-Jiménez Juan Eduardo , Gutiérrez-Cabrera Ana Erika , Cruz-Esteban Samuel , Córdoba-Aguilar Alex , Cruz-López Leopoldo
Published: November 2024

Triatomines (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae) are hematophagous insects, well-known for their vectorial role in transmitting Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) parasites, the etiological agent of Chagas disease. Trapping these insects would limit human-triatomine interaction and, thus, control the disease. In this context, there is a critical need for effective lures to control triatomines. Through double-choice bioassays, we investigated the preference of Triatoma infestans Klug, T. pallidipennis Stal, and Rhodnius prolixus Stal triatomines for: (a) volatiles from fermented products (various fermentation types and substrates) and (b) commercial insect lures. Furthermore, we identified the chemical composition of these volatiles through headspace collection using Solid Phase Micro Extraction coupled with Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometer (HS-SPME-GC-MS). Volatiles from lactic fermentation and certain fermented fruits, along with commercial lures, attracted triatomines, while other products exhibited possible repellent or dislodging properties. These findings hold promise for the control of triatomines and, ultimately, Chagas disease.
The Pursuit of an Appropriate Dispute Resolution Philosophy for Africa
Authors: Maraire Wesley
Published: November 2024

Appropriate Dispute Resolution (ADR) is rooted in Africa. However, this is not reflected in scholarship and practice. The last few decades have witnessed the supposed introduction of ADR in Africa, masquerading as an innovation imported from the USA and aiming to extend access to justice. This is a pure revisionism. While African communities rely on ADR to solve disputes, ADR epistemology has not developed in its scientific form. Hence, there is a dearth of literature on what emic unadulterated justice would look like in Africa. This article seeks to provide a framework for how to think about ADR in Africa by presenting five normative conceptions that are latent in African ADR: dispute avoidance; reconciliation; all-inclusive justice; consensus building; and matching disputes to the best process.
Cotton, capital, and colonialism in southern Korea, 1910–1945: Semi-governmental organizations in the construction of imperial agriculture
Authors: Stephens Holly
Published: November 2024

This article investigates cotton promotion policies in colonial Korea, with a focus on the role of a series of semi-governmental organizations (SGOs) in implementing colonial policies to shape farmers’ interactions with global, capitalist markets. Colonial attempts to develop the cultivation of cotton, a quintessential commodity of modern capitalism, highlight the incorporation of the Korean countryside into imperial networks of commercial commodity production and circulation. However, despite appeals to the rhetoric of capitalism and the expected response of profit-maximizing cotton cultivators, in practice colonial cotton campaigns relied on the active intervention of the colonial state to reinforce the adoption of new scientific and commercial agricultural practices. SGOs performed multiple roles in the promotion of cotton cultivation—distributing resources, defining expertise, regulating the production and sale of cotton, and attempting to change the behaviour of cotton cultivators, landlords, and even merchants in line with the colonial government’s strategic interests. As such, SGOs represent an understudied extension of the colonial state into the rural economy, which influenced the conditions under which farming households engaged in the commercial cultivation of cotton.
Distribution and evidence of co-infection of the two microsporidian parasites Astathelohania contejeani and Nosema austropotamobii in Austropotamobius pallipes complex in Northern and Central Italy
Authors: Fea Gianluca , Ghia Daniela , Basso Andrea , Paolini Valentina , Sacchi Roberto , Pretto Tobia
Published: November 2024

Austropotamobius pallipes complex is an endangered freshwater crayfish species in Europe and the assessment of the health status of its wild populations is essential for conservation purposes. The two microsporidia Astathelohania contejeani and Nosema austropotamobii have been reported to cause in A. pallipes complex a chronic parasitic infection, known as ‘porcelain disease’, which reduces population fitness and leads the host to death. Due to the similar macroscopic signs produced, molecular biology analyses are required to unambiguously distinguish between these microsporidia. Focusing on A. pallipes complex populations located in Northern and Central Italy, the present study provides an evaluation of prevalence and distribution of A. contejeani and N. austropotamobii, and investigates the variables affecting the probability of detecting infected specimens during a survey (e.g. sex, crayfish density, longitude). Microsporidia were identified in 12 populations among the 42 monitored from 2011 to 2017, with an average prevalence of 3.12% for A. contejeani and 3.60% for N. austropotamobii, the latter being reported in a wider area than previously documented (from Lombardy to Liguria Regions). Notably, crayfish co-infected by both microsporidia were also detected in 4 populations. Moreover, it was observed that the probability of detecting a crayfish with a microsporidian infection significantly increased eastwards in the studied area, especially for N. austropotamobii. Our distribution map for microsporidiosis, combined with molecular screening, will be useful for planning breeding and translocation efforts for A. pallipes complex populations.
In defence of natural religion
Authors: Renz Graham , Bell William
Published: November 2024

The dominance of the Abrahamic tradition in contemporary analytic philosophy of religion has led some to call for greater exploration of alternatives to the traditional conception of God, such as Pantheism, Ultimism, and Axiarchism. While we think this call for alternatives is important, we go in a different direction. Rather than explore and defend alternative conceptions of God, we defend a range of fairly traditional but non-religious conceptions of God. This range of views, from deism to philosophical theism, enjoys a variety of benefits over its religious competitors and deserves greater attention.
From sūtra to practice: discovering the liturgy of the seven Tathāgatas including Bhaiṣajyaguru in Old Tibetan manuscripts
Authors: Hu Enbo
Published: November 2024

This paper focuses on a group of Old Tibetan manuscripts from Dunhuang that are currently in the Stein and Pelliot Collections, some of which will be reordered and reunited. These texts were previously believed to concern the offering to the seven Tathāgatas or the texts about the former aspirations of the seven Buddhas. However, as my study shows, they actually pertain to liturgies for the seven Tathāgatas including Bhaiṣajyaguru. Based on earlier studies, this research seeks to establish a stronger connection between “pre-canonical” texts and canonical works in Tibetan and Chinese, and to establish a hitherto unknown link in the chain of the textual transmission of this liturgy. After revealing the structure of the liturgy, it seeks to fill the gap between the Bhaiṣajyaguru-sūtra itself and the religious practices of worshipping the seven Tathāgatas including Bhaiṣajyaguru. These are done through a two-dimensional textual analysis, i.e.: 1) identifying the connection between the Old Tibetan materials and the Tibetan canonical version; and 2) analysing the process of the liturgicalization of the sūtra.
The impact of internal and external factors across language domains and features in sequential bilingual acquisition
Authors: Logue Susan , Sevdali Christina , Folli Raffaella , Gerard Juliana
Published: November 2024

Factors which impact bilingual language development can often interact with different language features. The current study teases apart the impact of internal and external factors (chronological age, length of exposure, L2 richness, L2 use at home, maternal education and maternal L2 proficiency) across linguistic domains and features (vocabulary, morphology and syntax). Participants were 40 Arabic-speaking sequential bilinguals acquiring English (5;7-12;2, M = 8;4). Length of exposure predicted vocabulary and morphology, while chronological age predicted syntax. L2 richness also predicted vocabulary and syntax, although the impact on syntax was selective across structures. This split between syntax on the one hand, and vocabulary and morphology on the other, reflects the more embedded properties of the former; this contrasts with vocabulary and morphology, where transfer from the L1 and L2 may be more strongly dependent on the availability of shared forms across languages. Further implications are considered for sequential bilinguals in education contexts.
‘A World Coming Back’: Operetta on Early Italian Television
Authors: Senici Emanuele
Published: November 2024

Between October 1954 and May 1955 RAI, the Italian public broadcaster, transmitted its first operetta season on television, promoted by Radiocorriere, the RAI house weekly, in terms of ‘a world coming back’. Yet this comeback did not have the lasting impact that was evidently desired: Italian television would never again pay such close attention to operetta, and the 1954–5 ‘operetta season’ remains an intriguing one-off. This neglected encounter between mass media and music in twentieth-century Italy has rich historiographical potential, which the article explores. Among other issues, studying the 1954–5 RAI operetta season helps us better understand not only the deep connections between postwar Italian culture and its fascist past – still a contentious matter – but also the complex discursive, technological and affective interactions between a mass medium tirelessly promoted as new and a form of popular entertainment that was already perceived as hopelessly out of date.
Impact of growth on electrophysiological properties of ventricular pre-excitation in paediatric athletes
Authors: Raimondo Cristina , Flore Francesco , Alberio Antonino Maria Quintilio , Garibaldi Silvia , Campisi Marta , Tamburri Ilaria , Drago Fabrizio
Published: November 2024

Aim:

Risk stratification is recommended for patients with ventricular pre-excitation, particularly when sports eligibility is required. Few studies have examined the changes in the electrophysiological properties of the accessory pathway during growth. This study investigates the evolution of electrophysiological properties of the ventricular pre-excitation in young athletes referred for sports eligibility.

Methods:

Between January 2011 and July 2022, 44 paediatric patients (32 males; mean age, 10 ± 2.42) with ventricular pre-excitation underwent an electrophysiological study, both at rest and during adrenergic stress at two different times (T0 and T1) within a minimal interval of 2 years. Transcatheter ablation was not performed between the two electrophysiological studies. Electrophysiological data were collected and compared.

Results:

Electrophysiological study under basal conditions showed a significant decrease in the anterograde accessory pathway effective refractory period and 1:1 conduction over the accessory pathway from T0 to T1. The shortest pre-excited R-R interval during atrial fibrillation did not significantly change at the basal condition; however, it decreased during the stress test. Furthermore, six patients (13.6%) changed the risk profile of their accessory pathway: two “high-risk” patients at T0 became “low-risk” and four “low-risk” patients became “high-risk” at T1. Atrioventricular re-entry tachycardia inducibility did not differ significantly between the two electrophysiological studies.

Conclusions:

This study highlights the importance of repeating electrophysiological study (transesophageal or intracardiac) in paediatric athletes with ventricular pre-excitation because significant and clinically relevant changes in the conduction and refractoriness of accessory pathway can occur. This could influence risk stratification for sports eligibility and the correct indication and timing for accessory pathway ablation.
The long-term vascular and myocardial outcomes in selected Kawasaki disease patients with regression of giant coronary artery aneurysms
Authors: Kung Samuel C. , Miyata Koichi , Colvert Gabrielle M. , Kahn Andrew M. , Daniels Lori B. , Hoshino Shinsuke , Dummer Kirsten B. , Golding Ian Fraser , Roberts Samantha , Shimizu Chisato , Tremoulet Adriana H. , McVeigh Elliot R. , Gordon John B. , Burns Jane C.
Published: November 2024

Background:

Giant coronary artery aneurysms and myocardial fibrosis after Kawasaki disease may lead to devastating cardiovascular outcomes. We characterised the vascular and myocardial outcomes in five selected Kawasaki disease patients with a history of giant coronary artery aneurysms that completely regressed.

Methods:

Five patients were selected who had giant coronary artery aneurysm in early childhood that regressed when studied 12–33 years after Kawasaki disease onset. Coronary arteries were imaged by coronary CT angiography, and coronary artery calcium volume scores were determined. We used endocardial strain measurements from CT imaging to assess myocardial regional wall function. Calprotectin and galectin-3 (gal-3) as biomarkers of inflammation and myocardial fibrosis were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results:

The five selected patients with regressed giant coronary artery aneurysms had calcium scores of zero, normal levels of calprotectin and gal-3, and normal appearance of the coronary arteries by coronary computed tomography angiography. CT strain demonstrated normal peak systolic and diastolic strain patterns in four of five patients. In one patient with a myocardial infarction at the time of Kawasaki disease diagnosis at the age of 10 months, CT strain showed altered global longitudinal strain, reduced segmental peak strain, and reduced diastolic relaxation patterns in multiple left ventricle segments.

Conclusions:

These patients illustrate that regression of giant aneurysms after Kawasaki disease is possible with no detectable calcium, normal biomarkers of inflammation and fibrosis, and normal myocardial function. Individuals with regressed giant coronary artery aneurysm still require longitudinal surveillance to assess the durability of this favourable outcome.
Balloon angioplasty for bilateral severe peripheral pulmonary artery stenoses associated with chondrodysplasia punctata: a case report
Authors: Go Kiyotaka , Yasuda Kazushi , Kato Taichi
Published: November 2024

We present a 2-month-old girl with chondrodysplasia punctata in whom bilateral peripheral pulmonary artery stenoses were successfully treated by transcatheter balloon angioplasty. The minimal diameters of the right and left pulmonary arteries of 1.3 mm and 1.1 mm, respectively, which were dilated using a 4-mm balloon catheter. Balloon angioplasty is feasible and effective for relieving peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis in patients with chondrodysplasia punctata.
The historical opposition to psychedelic research and implications for credibility in psychiatry
Authors: Koning Elena , Chu Elvina M. , Brietzke Elisa
Published: November 2024

Psychedelics are a group of psychoactive substances that alter consciousness and produce marked shifts in sensory perception, cognition, and mood. Although psychedelics have been used by indigenous communities for centuries, they have only recently been investigated as an adjunctive therapeutic tool in psychotherapy. Since the early twentieth century, psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy has been explored for the treatment of several neuropsychiatric conditions characterized by rigid thought patterns and treatment resistance. However, this rapidly emerging field of neuroscience has evolved alongside opposition in several areas, including the affiliation with mid-twentieth century counterculture movements, media sensationalization, legislative restriction, and scientific criticisms such as “breaking the blind” and “excessive enthusiasm.” This perspective article explores the historical opposition to psychedelic research and the implications for the credibility of the field. In the midst of psychedelic drug policy reform, drawing lessons from historical events will contribute to clinical research efforts in psychiatry.
Visual release hallucinations presenting as psychosis – a scoping review
Authors: Bonomo Nicholas , Schoenbachler Ben , Lippmann Steven
Published: November 2024

Objective

Visual release hallucinations are perceptual disturbances that occur in individuals who have experienced vision loss. Almost 50 million people worldwide are believed to experience visual release hallucinations, yet they are profoundly underdiagnosed. Although first described within the Charles Bonnet syndrome, the paradigm underlying this syndrome precludes their consideration in many populations, such as those with underlying psychiatric illness or dementia. Consequently, visual release hallucinations have rarely been studied in patients presenting with psychosis. We conducted a scoping review to determine whether visual-release hallucinations occur in psychotic patients.

Methods

The PubMed research database was searched from inception through April 2023. Cases were collected reporting on psychotic patients experiencing suspected visual release hallucinations. Individual treatment courses and responses were extracted.

Results

Thirteen cases compiled from 11 different studies were summarized to provide baseline characteristics and overall trends in treatment response. Most patients did not remit from pharmacological management alone. All patients who received reafferentation therapy remitted, though many were not candidates. Almost half of the patients did not achieve remission.

Conclusions

Visual release hallucinations can manifest in psychosis and may contribute to treatment-resistant psychosis among psychiatric populations. A shift in our understanding of visual release hallucinations may aid their recognition in psychotic patients by shifting the focus toward visual release features. Recognizing release features among patients with hallucinatory conditions may open new treatment avenues for managing patients with psychosis. A preliminary screening index for visual release features is provided to support this shift.
Property-Based Testing by Elaborating Proof Outlines
Authors: MILLER DALE , MOMIGLIANO ALBERTO
Published: November 2024

Property-based testing (PBT) is a technique for validating code against an executable specification by automatically generating test-data. We present a proof-theoretical reconstruction of this style of testing for relational specifications and employ the Foundational Proof Certificate framework to describe test generators. We do this by encoding certain kinds of “proof outlines” as proof certificates that can describe various common generation strategies in the PBT literature, ranging from random to exhaustive, including their combination. We also address the shrinking of counterexamples as a first step toward their explanation. Once generation is accomplished, the testing phase is a standard logic programing search. After illustrating our techniques on simple, first-order (algebraic) data structures, we lift it to data structures containing bindings by using the
$\lambda$
-tree syntax approach to encode bindings. The
$\lambda$
Prolog programing language can perform both generating and checking of tests using this approach to syntax. We then further extend PBT to specifications in a fragment of linear logic.
Four Analyses of Nancy Pelosi as Speaker
Authors: Kedrowski Karen M.
Published: November 2024

Nancy Pelosi makes history. She was the first woman elected to a high-ranking position in the US House of Representatives when she became the Democratic Whip in 2001. She made more history as the first female Democratic Leader in 2003, and first woman elected as Speaker of the House in 2007. She made history by remaining the Democratic Leader even after losing the House majority. Pelosi made history yet again when she was again elected Speaker in 2019, joining Sam Rayburn as the only House leader to lose and then regain the Speakership.
Feminist Democratic Design and the Redress of Intersectional Representational Problematics
Authors: Celis Karen , Childs Sarah
Published: November 2024

If one were to write the history of representation from an intersectional perspective, it would read as a veritable comedy of errors. A story, in short of inclusion and exclusion, privileging and marginalization, and of good, mis-, poor, and non-representation. No facet of politics is untouched by these dynamics – whether civil society or formal political participation, political recruitment and leadership, or policy and legislation (Siow 2023).
Geschlechtsunterschiede im Wortlesen und externalisierendes sowie internalisierendes Verhalten im Unterricht
Authors: Schmidt Barbara M. , Prinz Katharina , Gasteiger-Klicpera Barbara , Schabmann Alfred
Published: November 2024

Zusammenfassung: Hintergrund: Die Komorbidität von Lese- und Verhaltensproblemen wurde wiederholt beobachtet. Studien zu Geschlechtsunterschieden in deren Ausprägung existieren allerdings nur wenige. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht Komorbiditäten von Leseschwierigkeiten und einem breiteren Spektrum von Verhaltensauffälligkeiten bei Kindern der ersten Klasse Grundschule mit Fokus auf Geschlechtsunterschieden. Methode: Bei 616 Schüler_innen wurde am Ende der ersten Klasse Wortlesen und das Verhalten erhoben. Ergebnisse: Geschlechterunterschiede im Lesen wurden nicht gefunden. Jungen wurden von den Lehrkräften als hyperaktiver und oppositioneller/aggressiver, Mädchen als prosozialer als das jeweils andere Geschlecht wahrgenommen. Eine personenorientierte Analyse zeigte, dass die Kombination internalisierende Verhaltensauffälligkeiten/Leseschwierigkeiten überzufällig häufig bei Mädchen auftritt. Externalisierende Probleme treten bei Jungen unabhängig von Leseschwierigkeiten auf. Diskussion: Die Ergebnisse bestätigen bisherige Befunde zu Geschlechtsunterschieden nur teilweise, zeigen aber spezifische Muster von Lese- und Verhaltensauffälligkeiten bei Mädchen und Jungen zu einem frühen Zeitpunkt der Schulkarriere. Wir argumentieren, dass sich daraus der Bedarf einer gezielten Prävention(sdiagnostik) ableiten lässt, die Verhalten und Leistungen kombiniert.
A Toy Model for the Global Annual Number of Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Zhou Yufeng , Lin Yanluan
Published: November 2024

The annual number of global tropical cyclones (TCs) has remained rather stable at ∼90 in the past decades, yet the underlying physics and mechanisms remain elusive. This study utilizes observational data to assess TC‐environment interactions, such as atmospheric drying, stabilization, and oceanic cooling, which occur after TC passage and inhibit subsequent TC formation. Focused on the recovery of TC‐induced hostile environment, we construct an idealized toy model incorporating the global main development region (MDR), recovery time and influencing radius. The model well captures the spatial and temporal characteristics of TC activity. Then we propose a new scaling of annual TC number, framed as a spatiotemporal packing problem determined by the total spatiotemporal area available for TC formation and the average area occupied by each TC. The recovery time is included as a new temporal constraint, and this scaling is validated by toy model simulations and offers insights into observations. Specifically, based on TC attributes in the current climate, the scaling yields an estimate of ∼100 TCs per year given a recovery time of 2–3 weeks. It also implies that a warming climate might lead to fewer TCs due to increased TC size and longer recovery times.
Lightning‐Fast Convective Outlooks: Predicting Severe Convective Environments With Global AI‐Based Weather Models
Authors: Feldmann Monika , Beucler Tom , Gomez Milton , Martius Olivia
Published: November 2024

Severe convective storms are among the most dangerous weather phenomena and accurate forecasts mitigate their impacts. The recently released suite of AI‐based weather models produces medium‐range forecasts within seconds, with a skill similar to state‐of‐the‐art operational forecasts for variables on single levels. However, predicting severe thunderstorm environments requires accurate combinations of dynamic and thermodynamic variables and the vertical structure of the atmosphere. Advancing the assessment of AI‐models toward process‐based evaluations lays the foundation for hazard‐driven applications. We assess the forecast skill of the top‐performing AI‐models GraphCast, Pangu‐Weather and FourCastNet for convective parameters at lead‐times up to 10 days against reanalysis and ECMWF's operational numerical weather prediction model IFS. In a case study and seasonal analyses, we see the best performance by GraphCast and Pangu‐Weather: these models match or even exceed the performance of IFS for instability and shear. This opens opportunities for fast and inexpensive predictions of severe weather environments.
The Excitation of Second Harmonic Poloidal ULF Waves Through Drift‐Bounce Resonance With Protons in the Magnetic Dip
Authors: Zhuang Yan , Yue Chao , Li Li , Zhou Xu‐Zhi , Zong Qiu‐Gang , Wang Shan , Liu Ying , Li Xing‐Yu , Yin Ze‐Fan , Wang Yong‐Fu , Liu Zhi‐Yang , Fu Haobo
Published: November 2024

The drift‐bounce resonance between ultralow‐frequency (ULF) waves and charged particles is an efficient way to transfer energy. In this study, we report the excitation of ULF waves through drift‐bounce resonance with protons in the magnetic dip for the first time. On 4 September 2015, Van Allen probe B observed ULF signals with a frequency of ∼10 mHz inside the magnetic dip during substorms at the dusk side. The ULF waves are further diagnosed as second harmonic poloidal waves. The 54–67 keV protons in the magnetic dip exhibit oscillations with the same period as ULF waves, providing evidence for drift‐bounce resonance. Through finite Larmor radius effects, we determined that the ULF waves propagate eastward with an azimuthal wave number in the range of 237–277. The ULF waves are excited with free energy related to the enhanced proton phase space density in the magnetic dip.
A Novel 3‐D Seismic Scattering and Intrinsic Attenuation Tomography and Its Application to Northern Sumatra
Authors: Wei Jia , Liu Qiancheng , Chen Ling , Wei Shengji , Zhao Liang
Published: November 2024

Studying the subsurface structure of volcanoes is crucial for understanding volcanic mechanisms, current status, and potential risks. However, the intricate physical and chemical processes occurring over geological timescales make it challenging to characterize subsurface features such as volcanic structures and hydrothermal systems. Given the highly attenuating nature of magma, 3‐D scattering and intrinsic attenuation tomography are critical methods for advancing our understanding of tectonic, magmatic, and hydrothermal processes and their interactions. Previous imaging techniques, however, required substantial memory usage and long computational times, limiting their application to only 1‐D velocity models. This paper proposes a novel sensitivity‐kernel calculation method for imaging shear wave seismic scattering and intrinsic attenuation. This method has the advantages of dramatically reducing memory and computational costs, as well as incorporating a 3‐D seismic velocity model. We apply this approach to illustrate the 3‐D scattering and intrinsic attenuation structures beneath the Toba volcano region in Northern Sumatra down to 20 km depth. Our results show high‐intrinsic attenuation anomalies around the Toba caldera, revealing the magma chambers feeding the volcanoes. A conspicuous high‐scattering attenuation anomaly is identified along the Great Sumatran Fault, possibly caused by the fault zone structure. Magmatism also likely contributes to the seismic activity south of the Toba caldera, as evidenced by the overlap of scattering and intrinsic attenuation anomalies.
The Influence of Using a Seismically Inferred Magma Reservoir Geometry in a Volcano Deformation Model for Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat
Authors: Dibben J. , Hickey J. , Pascal K. , Paulatto M.
Published: November 2024

Volcano deformation models contribute to hazard assessment by simulating magma system dynamics. Traditional magma reservoir pressure source shape assumptions often fail to replicate irregular, geophysically identified geometries. Uncertainties regarding the influence of reservoir geometry can limit the effectiveness of using deformation models to decipher unrest signals. Here, we aim to determine the feasibility of using a magma reservoir geometry directly derived from a seismic tomography survey in a volcano deformation model for Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat. Three‐dimensional deformation models are created to simulate displacement using a pressure source geometry constrained from a low seismic velocity anomaly, inferred to be a region of partial melt, and contrasted against a traditional ellipsoid reservoir geometry. We also test a “hybrid” model combining a seismically inferred reservoir upper geometry and ellipsoidal base. Results of each model are evaluated against ground displacement observed on Montserrat from 2010 to 2022. Our results show that different reservoir geometries change the horizontal and vertical displacement fields across the island: the ellipsoid reservoir best reproduces vertical displacement magnitude, while the hybrid reservoirs best simulate horizontal displacement vectors and the region of maximum uplift. Overall, the ellipsoid‐shaped reservoir provides our best‐fit to the observed data, but we note this result could be biased due to prior years of optimization helping constrain the ellipsoid shape, size, and location. Our results show the potential for further use of geophysically constrained reservoir geometries in deformation modeling, and our methods could be applied to other deforming volcanoes worldwide.
KMT2A regulates the autophagy-GATA4 axis through METTL3-mediated m6A modification of ATG4a to promote NPCs senescence and IVDD progression
Authors: Wu Ouqiang , Jin Yuxin , Zhang Zhiguang , Zhou Hao , Xu Wenbin , Chen Linjie , Jones Morgan , Kwan Kenny Yat Hong , Gao Jianyuan , Zhang Kai , Cheng Xiaofei , Chen Qizhu , Wang Xinzhou , Li Yan Michael , Guo Zhenyu , Sun Jing , Chen Zhihua , Wang Bin , Wang Xiangyang , Shen Shuying , Wu Aimin
Published: November 2024

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD), a disease associated with ageing, is characterised by a notable increase in senescent nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) as IVDD progresses. However, the specific mechanisms that regulate the senescence of NPCs remain unknown. In this study, we observed impaired autophagy in IVDD-NPCs, which contributed to the upregulation of NPCs senescence and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The dysregulated SASP disrupted NPCs viability and initiated extracellular matrix degradation. Conversely, the restoration of autophagy reversed the senescence phenotype by inhibiting GATA binding protein 4 (GATA4). Moreover, we made the novel observation that a cross-talk between histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) modification and N6-methyladenosine(m6A)-methylated modification regulates autophagy in IVDD-NPCs. Mechanistically, lysine methyltransferase 2A (KMT2A) promoted the expression of methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) through H3K4me3 modification, whereas METTL3-mediated m6A modification reduced the expression of autophagy-associated 4a (ATG4a) by attenuating its RNA stability, leading to autophagy damage in NPCs. Silencing KMT2A and METTL3 enhanced autophagic flux and suppressed SASP expression in IVDD-NPCs. Therefore, targeting the H3K4me3-regulated METTL3/ATG4a/GATA4 axis may represent a promising new therapeutic strategy for IVDD.
Gain of 1q confers an MDM4-driven growth advantage to undifferentiated and differentiating hESC while altering their differentiation capacity
Authors: Krivec Nuša , Couvreu de Deckersberg Edouard , Lei Yingnan , Al Delbany Diana , Regin Marius , Verhulst Stefaan , van Grunsven Leo A. , Sermon Karen , Spits Claudia
Published: November 2024

Gain of 1q is a highly recurrent chromosomal abnormality in human pluripotent stem cells. In this work, we show that gains of 1q impact the differentiation capacity to derivates of the three germ layers, leading to mis-specification to cranial placode and non-neural ectoderm during neuroectoderm differentiation. Also, we found a weaker expression of lineage-specific markers in hepatoblasts and cardiac progenitors. Competition assays show that the cells retain their selective advantage during differentiation, which is mediated by a higher expression of MDM4, a gene located in the common region of gain. MDM4 drives the winner phenotype of the mutant cells in both the undifferentiated and differentiating state by reducing the cells’ sensitivity to DNA damage through decreased p53-mediated apoptosis. Finally, we found that cell density in culture plays a key role in promoting the competitive advantage of the cells by increasing DNA damage.
MLKL deficiency elevates testosterone production in male mice independently of necroptotic functions
Authors: Chiou Shene , Cawthorne Wayne , Soerianto Thomas , Hofferek Vinzenz , Patel Komal M. , Garnish Sarah E. , Tovey Crutchfield Emma C. , Hall Cathrine , Hildebrand Joanne M. , McConville Malcolm J. , Lawlor Kate E. , Hawkins Edwin D. , Samson Andre L. , Murphy James M.
Published: November 2024

Mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) is a pseudokinase, best known for its role as the terminal effector of the necroptotic cell death pathway. MLKL-mediated necroptosis has long been linked to various age-related pathologies including neurodegeneration, atherosclerosis and male reproductive decline, however many of these attributions remain controversial. Here, we investigated the role of MLKL and necroptosis in the adult mouse testis: an organ divided into sperm-producing seminiferous tubules and the surrounding testosterone-producing interstitium. We find that sperm-producing cells within seminiferous tubules lack expression of key necroptotic mediators and thus are resistant to a pro-necroptotic challenge. By comparison, coordinated expression of the necroptotic pathway occurs in the testicular interstitium, rendering cells within this compartment, especially the lysozyme-positive macrophages, vulnerable to necroptotic cell death. We also uncover a non-necroptotic role for MLKL in regulating testosterone levels. Thus, MLKL serves two roles in the mouse testes – one involving the canonical response of macrophages to necroptotic insult, and the other a non-canonical function in male reproductive hormone control.
In-context learning enables multimodal large language models to classify cancer pathology images
Authors: Ferber Dyke , Wölflein Georg , Wiest Isabella C. , Ligero Marta , Sainath Srividhya , Ghaffari Laleh Narmin , El Nahhas Omar S. M. , Müller-Franzes Gustav , Jäger Dirk , Truhn Daniel , Kather Jakob Nikolas
Published: November 2024

Medical image classification requires labeled, task-specific datasets which are used to train deep learning networks de novo, or to fine-tune foundation models. However, this process is computationally and technically demanding. In language processing, in-context learning provides an alternative, where models learn from within prompts, bypassing the need for parameter updates. Yet, in-context learning remains underexplored in medical image analysis. Here, we systematically evaluate the model Generative Pretrained Transformer 4 with Vision capabilities (GPT-4V) on cancer image processing with in-context learning on three cancer histopathology tasks of high importance: Classification of tissue subtypes in colorectal cancer, colon polyp subtyping and breast tumor detection in lymph node sections. Our results show that in-context learning is sufficient to match or even outperform specialized neural networks trained for particular tasks, while only requiring a minimal number of samples. In summary, this study demonstrates that large vision language models trained on non-domain specific data can be applied out-of-the box to solve medical image-processing tasks in histopathology. This democratizes access of generalist AI models to medical experts without technical background especially for areas where annotated data is scarce.
Influence of resonant plasmonic nanoparticles on optically accessing the valley degree of freedom in 2D semiconductors
Authors: Bucher Tobias , Fedorova Zlata , Abasifard Mostafa , Mupparapu Rajeshkumar , Wurdack Matthias J. , Najafidehaghani Emad , Gan Ziyang , Knopf Heiko , George Antony , Eilenberger Falk , Pertsch Thomas , Turchanin Andrey , Staude Isabelle
Published: November 2024

The valley degree of freedom in atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides, coupled with valley-contrasting optical selection rules, holds great potential for future electronic and optoelectronic devices. Resonant optical nanostructures emerge as promising tools for controlling this degree of freedom at the nanoscale. However, their impact on the circular polarization of valley-selective emission remains poorly understood. In our study, we explore a hybrid system where valley-specific emission from a molybdenum disulfide monolayer interacts with a resonant plasmonic nanosphere. Contrary to the simple intuition that a centrosymmetric nanoresonator mostly preserves the degree of circular polarization, our cryogenic experiments reveal significant depolarization of the photoluminescence scattered by the nanoparticle. This striking effect presents an ideal platform for studying the mechanisms governing light-matter interactions in such hybrid systems. Our full-wave numerical analysis provides insights into the key physical mechanisms affecting the polarization response, offering a pathway toward designing novel valleytronic devices.
Whole-genome sequencing to identify rare variants in East Asian patients with dementia with Lewy bodies
Authors: Kimura Tetsuaki , Fujita Kosuke , Sakurai Takashi , Niida Shumpei , Ozaki Kouichi , Shigemizu Daichi
Published: November 2024

Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is the second most common form of age-related dementia, following Alzheimer’s disease (AD). DLB is associated with a worse prognosis than AD and is characterized by a more rapid progression of cognitive impairment and a poorer quality of life. In addition, the pathogenesis of DLB is less understood than that of AD, and only three genes—SNCA (α‐synuclein), APOE (apolipoprotein E), and GBA1 (glucosylceramidase beta 1)—have been convincingly demonstrated to be associated with DLB. In this study, we utilized whole-genome sequencing data from 1744 Japanese individuals, comprising 45 DLB patients and 1699 cognitively normal older adults, aiming to identify new genes associated with DLB. Our genome-wide association studies of genes with potentially deleterious mutations identified the CDH23 gene as being associated with DLB, reaching a Bonferroni-corrected significance (P = 7.43 × 10−4). The gene contained three ethnicity-specific heterozygous missense variants (rs181275139, rs563688802, and rs137937502). CDH23 has been linked to deafness syndromes, and DLB patients carrying these mutations displayed symptoms of subjective hearing loss, suggesting a potential association between DLB onset and auditory impairment. Additionally, we explored human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotypes associated with DLB but found no significant associations. This result suggests that the pathology of DLB differs from that of Parkinson’s disease, which has been reported to have an association with HLA. Although a limitation of this study is the lack of replication of our findings, which require further validation in independent cohorts, our study enhances the understanding of the etiology of DLB in the Japanese population and provides new insights into the underlying mechanisms of its pathogenesis.
Web-browsing patterns reflect and shape mood and mental health
Authors: Kelly Christopher A. , Sharot Tali
Published: November 2024

Humans spend on average 6.5 hours a day online. A large portion of that time is dedicated to information-seeking. How does this activity impact mental health? We assess this over four studies (n = 1,145). We reveal that the valence of information sought affects mental health, which in turn influences the valence of information sought, forming a self-reinforcing loop. We quantified the valence of text on webpages participants chose to browse using natural language processing and found that browsing more negative information was associated with worse mental health and mood. By manipulating the webpages browsed and measuring mood and vice versa, we show that the relationship is causal and bidirectional. Finally, we developed an intervention that altered web-browsing patterns in a manner that improved mood. Together, the findings suggest that the information sought reflects mental state and shapes it, creating a loop that may perpetuate mental health problems. The results also provide a potential method for assessing and enhancing welfare in the digital age.
Spatially resolved emulated annual temperature projections for overshoot pathways
Authors: Schwaab Jonas , Hauser Mathias , Lamboll Robin D. , Beusch Lea , Gudmundsson Lukas , Quilcaille Yann , Lejeune Quentin , Schöngart Sarah , Schleussner Carl-Friedrich , Nath Shruti , Rogelj Joeri , Nicholls Zebedee , Seneviratne Sonia I.
Published: November 2024

Due to insufficient climate action over the past decade, it is increasingly likely that 1.5 °C of global warming will be exceeded – at least temporarily – in the 21st century. Such a temporary temperature overshoot carries additional climate risks which are poorly understood. Earth System Model climate projections are only available for a very limited number of overshoot pathways, thereby preventing comprehensive analysis of their impacts. Here, we address this issue by presenting a novel dataset of spatially resolved emulated annual temperature projections for different overshoot pathways. The dataset was created using the FaIR and MESMER emulators. First, FaIR was employed to translate ten different emission scenarios, including seven that are characterised by overshoot, into a large ensemble of forced global mean temperatures. These global mean temperatures were then converted into stochastic ensembles of local annual temperature fields using MESMER. To ensure an optimal tradeoff between accurate characterization of the ensemble spread and storage requirements for large ensembles, this procedure was accompanied by testing the sensitivity of sample quantiles to different ensemble sizes. The resulting dataset offers the unique opportunity to study local and regional climate change impacts of a range of overshoot scenarios, including the timing and magnitude of temperature thresholds exceedance.
Database of surface water diversion sites and daily withdrawals for the Upper Colorado River Basin, 1980–2022
Authors: Lopez Samuel F. , Knight Jacob E. , Tilman Fred D. , Masbruch Melissa D. , Wise Daniel R. , Jones Casey J. , Miller Matthew P.
Published: November 2024

The Colorado River drains about 8% of the conterminous United States, provides water for 40 million people, and is one of the most overallocated rivers in the world. As the upper Colorado River Basin (UCOL) contributes an estimated 92% of the total basin natural streamflow, knowledge of the location and amount of surface water withdrawals in the UCOL is important for managing the Colorado River system. Since the UCOL encompasses portions of five states, water use data are dispersed among numerous federal and state agency databases, and there is no centralized dataset that documents surface water use within the entire UCOL at a fine spatial and temporal resolution. This article presents an inventory of 1,358 major structures that divert surface water from and within the UCOL with corresponding daily time series withdrawal records from 1980 through 2022. Data compilation efforts, processing methods, and contents of this diversion database are documented, and summary information is provided.
A data-driven framework for identifying patient subgroups on which an AI/machine learning model may underperform
Authors: Subbaswamy Adarsh , Sahiner Berkman , Petrick Nicholas , Pai Vinay , Adams Roy , Diamond Matthew C. , Saria Suchi
Published: November 2024

A fundamental goal of evaluating the performance of a clinical model is to ensure it performs well across a diverse intended patient population. A primary challenge is that the data used in model development and testing often consist of many overlapping, heterogeneous patient subgroups that may not be explicitly defined or labeled. While a model’s average performance on a dataset may be high, the model can have significantly lower performance for certain subgroups, which may be hard to detect. We describe an algorithmic framework for identifying subgroups with potential performance disparities (AFISP), which produces a set of interpretable phenotypes corresponding to subgroups for which the model’s performance may be relatively lower. This could allow model evaluators, including developers and users, to identify possible failure modes prior to wide-scale deployment. We illustrate the application of AFISP by applying it to a patient deterioration model to detect significant subgroup performance disparities, and show that AFISP is significantly more scalable than existing algorithmic approaches.
Migrating subaqueous dunes capture clay flocs
Authors: de Lange Sjoukje I. , van der Wilk Anne , Chassagne Claire , Ali Waqas , Born Maximilian P. , Brodersen Kristian , Hoitink Antonius J. F. , Waldschläger Kryss
Published: November 2024

Recent research highlights the abundance of floccule (flocs) in rivers, formed by aggregation of clay particles with organic matter. These flocs affect the transport and the eventual fate of clay. Flocs exhibit distinct behaviour from the unflocculated sedimentary counterparts: they can deform and break, and have higher settling velocities, which may in turn cause flocs to deposit and possibly interact with the riverbed. Here, we conducted systematic experiments in a laboratory flume to identify the mechanisms by which flocs and bedforms interact. Flocs showed a saltating (bouncing) behaviour, and were incorporated in the sediment bed as single flocs, clusters, or strings, via deposition and burial in the lee of a dune. Dune geometry was negligibly impacted by the presence of flocs. In natural systems, the burial of flocculated clay particles can affect contaminant spreading, aquatic ecology, the interpretation of deposition patterns, and clay transport.