bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENERAPAN MODEL KOOPERATIF PROBLEM POSING DALAM MENINGKATKAN AKTIFITAS DAN HASIL BELAJAR BAHASA INDONESIA SISWA SMA NEGERI 5 TEBO
Authors: SAMOSIR KARLES
Published: March 2022

This study aims to determine the application of the Problem Posing cooperative model in an effort to improve activities and learning outcomes of Indonesian in class XII MIPA 1 SMA Negeri 5 Tebo, Tebo Regency, Jambi Province, for the 2018/2019 academic year. The type of research conducted is classroom action research (CAR). The subjects of this study were all students of class XII MIPA 1 SMA Negeri 5 Tebo, Tebo Regency, Jambi Province. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the increase in the results of cycle I, cycle II and cycle III were as follows 1) The application of the Problem Posing cooperative learning model could increase students' learning motivation. Where the teaching and learning process can be carried out in a fun way so that students can be motivated to learn. 2) The application of the Problem Posing Answer cooperative learning model can improve student learning outcomes with a percentage in the first cycle of 79.48 %, the second cycle of 82.12% and the third cycle of 84.95 %.
ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan model kooperatif Problem Posing dalam upaya meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar bahasa Indonesia pada siswa kelas XII MIPA 1 SMA Negeri 5 Tebo Kabupaten Tebo Provinsi Jambi tahun pelajaran 2018/2019. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK). Subjek penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas XII MIPA 1 SMA Negeri 5 Tebo Kabupaten Tebo Provinsi Jambi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian di dapatkan peningkatan hasil siklus I, siklus II dan siklus III adalah sebagai berikut1) Penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif Problem Posing dapat meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa. Di mana proses belajar mengajar dapat terlaksana dengan menyenangkan sehingga siswa dapat termotivasi untuk belajar. 2) Penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif Problem Posing Jawaban dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dengan persentase pada siklus I sebesar 79,48 %, siklus II sebesar 82,12 % dan siklus III sebesar 84,95 %.
La problemática transparencia de la Casa Real
Authors: Bataller i Ruiz Enric
Published: March 2022

La Ley 19/2013 sujeta la Casa Real a las obligaciones de transparencia, sin que sus previsiones hayan sido consideradas inconstitucionales. A la vista de los escándalos aireados por los medios de comunicación, con amplia repercusión en la opinión pública, se plantea la conveniencia de extender la transparencia a cuestiones como el empleo de los fondos públicos recibidos, la percepción de ingresos al margen de los Presupuestos Generales del Estado y el registro de bienes de los miembros de la Familia Real. En la legislatura XII del Congreso de los Diputados (2016-2019), cuatro de sus integrantes, encuadrados en el Grupo Mixto, presentaron una proposición de ley que pretendía ampliar el control de transparencia existente a fin de mejorar el conocimiento efectivo sobre las antedichas cuestiones, pero el debate en pleno de tal proposición fue rechazado por la Mesa del Congreso aduciendo que presentaba una contradicción palmaria y evidente con los artículos 56.3 y 65.1 CE. Los diputados proponentes, tras no obtener la reconsideración de su decisión por la Mesa, acudieron en amparo ante el Tribunal Constitucional, el cual inadmitió el pertinente recurso sin pronunciarse sobre el fondo de la controversia planteada. Se ha cerrado así momentáneamente un debate, el de la mejora de la transparencia de la Casa Real con respecto a los mínimos fijados en la Ley 19/2013, que no ha querido ser abordado por las formaciones políticas mayoritarias ni por el Tribunal Constitucional, ni tampoco parece haber suscitado el interés de la doctrina científica, dada la ausencia de reflexiones recientes al respecto.
On physical mechanisms controlling air-sea CO2 exchange
Authors: Gutiérrez-Loza Lucía , Nilsson Erik , Wallin Marcus B. , Sahlée Erik , Rutgersson Anna
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Reducing uncertainties in the air–sea CO2 flux calculations is one of the major challenges when addressing the oceanic contribution in the global carbon balance. In traditional models, the air–sea CO2 flux is estimated using expressions of the gas transfer velocity as a function of wind speed. However, other mechanisms affecting the variability in the flux at local and regional scales are still poorly understood. The uncertainties associated with the flux estimates become particularly large in heterogeneous environments such as coastal and marginal seas. Here, we investigated the air–sea CO2 exchange at a coastal site in the central Baltic Sea using nine years of eddy covariance measurements. To the best of our knowledge, this is the longest record of direct observations of CO2 fluxes and the corresponding gas transfer velocities (k) in a marine environment. Based on these observations we were able to capture the temporal variability of the air–sea CO2 flux and other parameters relevant for the gas exchange. The analysis of water-side and atmospheric control mechanisms showed that during wind speeds above 8 m s−1 the conditions on both sides of the air–water interface were relevant for the gas exchange. Our findings further suggest that at such relatively high wind speeds, sea spray was an efficient mechanisms for air–sea CO2 exchange. In contrast to high wind-speed conditions, during low wind speeds (< 6 m s−1) only water-side processes were found to be relevant control mechanisms, in particular, water-side convective processes. Altogether, our results show that currently existing wind-based parametrizations of k might be good approximations as long-term averages for environments with coastal characteristics. However, in order to reduce the uncertainty associated to these averages and produce reliable short-term k estimates, additional physical processes must be considered.
Linking continents through their educational programs
Authors: Nuvunga Ferdinalda Osório , Miguel Irina , Vitória Sónia , Holden Esther , Dino Giovanna , Pereira Maria Dolores
Published: March 2022

The Erasmus+ Capacity Building program, created in 2014, aims at incentivizing the European universities to share knowledge with higher education institutions from other continents. The project “SUGERE” (Sustainable Sustainability and Wise Use of Geological Resources) aims at developing degree programs at different levels, from bachelors, to master and doctorate, in the field of earth sciences (Geology, Geological Engineering, and Mining Engineering) in universities from Africa. The main goal is to develop and implement programs focusing on three key areas: knowledge about earth sciences and natural resources, skills related to sustainable environmental development, and ethics and social economics. The purpose is to motivate both students and teaching staff to play a decisive role in the development of their countries through sustainable mining. Partners are working to integrate innovative ways to share knowledge and good training practices
Contrasting sea-air CO2 exchanges in the western Tropical Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Monteiro Thiago , Batista Matheus , da Costa Machado Eunice , Araujo Moacyr , Henley Sian , Kerr Rodrigo
Published: March 2022

The western Tropical Atlantic Ocean is a biogeochemically complex region due to the structure of the surface current system and the large freshwater input from the Amazon River coupled with the dynamics of precipitation. Such features make it difficult to understand the dynamics of the carbon cycle, leading to contrasting estimates in sea-air CO2 exchanges in this region. Here we demonstrate that these contrasting estimates occur because the western Tropical Atlantic Ocean can be split in three distinct regions regarding the sea-air CO2 exchanges. The region under the North Brazil Current domain, acting as a weak annual CO2 source to the atmosphere, with low interannual variability. The region under the North Equatorial Current influence, acting as an annual CO2 sink zone, with great temporal variability. The third region is under the Amazon River plume influence, and has greater interannual variability of CO2 exchanges, but it always acts as an ocean CO2 net sink. Despite this large spatial variability, the entire region acts as a net annual CO2 sink of –1.6 ± 1.0 mmol m–2 day–1. Importantly, the Amazon River plume waters drive 87% of the CO2 uptake in the western Tropical Atlantic Ocean. In addition, we found a significant increase trend in sea surface CO2 partial pressure in North Brazil Current and North Equatorial Current waters. Such trends are greater than the increase in atmospheric CO2 partial pressure, revealing the sensitivity of carbon dynamics in these regions against a global climate change scenario. Since several studies have put efforts to elucidate the snapshots sea-air CO2 exchanges, we have expanded our knowledge about their spatial and temporal dynamics. Our findings shed a comprehensive light on the risk of extrapolation in estimating sea-air CO2 exchanges from regional snapshots. Hence, in addition to pointing out questions that still need to be answered on the CO2-carbonate system our study may be useful for the sampling design of future studies in this region. This should significantly improve the performance of complex coupled ocean-biogeochemical models to provide more robust information about the natural behaviour and changes that the western Tropical Atlantic Ocean is experiencing.
"Microplastic pollution of the Kara Sea surface in different seasons."
Authors: Zhdanov Igor , Pakhomova Svetlana , Mekhova Olga , Pogojeva Maria , Berezina Anfisa , Novikov Matvey , Gettikh Nelli , Evenkova Tatiana , Osadchiev Alexander , Stepanova Natalia , Semiletov Igor , Yakushev Evgeniy
Published: March 2022

The present study addresses spatial and temporal distribution of floating microplastics in the Kara Sea. The studies were carried out in two cruises: on board the R/V «Akademik Mstislav Keldysh» in October 2020 and 2021, and the cruise on the R/V «Akademik Ioffe» as part of the MIPT Floating University in July-August 2021.  A neuston net was used for sampling surface microplastics, each catch lasted an average of 30 minutes. Only particles up to 0.5 mm in size (detection limit with the naked eye) are considered in this work. In total, 85 samples were processed, including the samples in Kara Gates, estuaries of the Ob, Yenisei, Pyasina rivers, Baydaratskaya Bay, the central and northern parts of the Kara Sea (the northernmost point is 82.5 °N). All particles were analyzed on a Fourier transform infrared-spectrometer «Perkin Elmer spectrum two».

A number of trends have been found. First, microplastics concentrations in plumes of Siberian Rivers were significantly lower than in the sea water (0-0,032 items/m3 in summer and 0-0,02 items/m3 in autumn). Second, higher concentrations were observed in the sea water (it can be noted that microplastic particles were found at the northernmost point of the expedition route). There was a local maximum in the Kara Gates Strait (1,53 items/m3), which can be explained by the local hydrophysics features, as well as by the general intensification of the processes in straits. Also a noticeable decrease of the microplastics concentration in the autumn in the same areas. Chemical composition of microplastics was diversified , all polymers with positive buoyancy were found: polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene and polyurethane foam. The most common were polyethylene and polypropylene, which correspond the level of their use. Particles of all morphological types were found. There was no significant seasonal variability in the polymer composition.

Brief conclusions: Although the Great Siberian Rivers are one of the main sources of microplastics in the Kara Sea, they seem to dilute the total number of particles. The most considerable contribution is made by the Barents Sea waters coming from the Kara Gates Strait. A similar conclusion can be made due to the observed decrease in the concentrations of microplastics when moving eastward from the Kara Gates. There is a slowdown in the rate of microplastics inflow in the autumn period. There is no seasonal changes in the polymer composition of microplastic particles and their morphological composition.
A new set of overprinting slip-data along Manisa Fault in Aegean Extensional Province, Western Anatolia
Authors: Tekin Taner , Sançar Taylan , Rojay Bora
Published: March 2022

Interplay between the dynamic effects of the northward subduction of the African plate beneath the Aegean continental fragment and the North Anatolian dextral strike slip fault to the north caused a complex large-scale extensional crustal deformational domain, named Aegean extensional province.

The Gediz-Alaşehir Graben (GAG), being in that large scale extensional terrain, is a NW-SE trending extensional basin developed to the north of K. Menderes Graben (KMG). NW-SE trending Manisa fault is one of the important elements of the GAG, displaying active fault geomorphology.

The slip data were collected from the high angle normal faults, Manisa fault, controlling the Quaternary conﬁguration and faults that are cutting through the Miocene sequences. Angelier’s reverse inversion method (WinTensor) was carried out to differentiate the deformational phases acting on the Manisa fault, based on σ1 - σ3 relation and θ ratio.

The Manisa fault is a high angle normal and dipping towards NE where the final dip-slip motion overprinted onto strike-slip motion. The analysis of the fault slip data simply implies an almost NNW-SSE and NE-SW, two extensional periods acted in the region possibly following Early Miocene contractional period since post-Oligocene. The Plio-Quaternary NNW-SSE extension overprinted onto almost ENE-WSW compression (dextral strike-slip data) which is finally overprinted by the NE-SW to NW-SE multi-directional extension in Aegean region.

To sum up; final phase of the intermittent extensional deformation, NE-SW to NW-SE multi-directional extension, superimposed on the older contractional systems, evolved under the control of North Anatolian strike-slip shear in north and southern Aegean subduction in the south with a cumulative regionwide 30° counterclockwise rotation of western Anatolia since latest Miocene or the contractional data might be possibly inherited from a strike slip structure at depth (“İzmir-Balıkesir transfer zone or Tear”) or else might be evolved along the edges of block boundaries of rotated fault domains.

Key words: Aegean extensional province, Manisa fault, normal faulting, strike-slip faulting.
Metal Pollution And Ecological Risk Assessment In Surface Soil Of An Emerging Industrial Cluster Near New Delhi, India
Authors: Verma Anju , Yadav Sudesh
Published: March 2022

Metal pollution in surface soils of industrial and urban areas is of concern owing to risk to human health and ecosystem and to its transport via winds and water. This study was aimed to determine total concentrations, contamination levels and source identification of metals in surface soil (n=37) from the Bhiwadi Industrial Cluster (BIC; a satellite industrial township to New Delhi). Average metal concentrations in surface soil exceeded their corresponding values in Upper Continental Crust (UCC, taken as background here) and varied depending upon metal(s) and sampling sites(s). Intensive industrial emissions/activities in BIC lead to high contamination factors (CFs > 6) and high pollution load indices (PLI > 1) for metals in surface soil. Average CFs followed the order Cr > Cd > Ni > Cu > Zn > Pb > Mn > V > Fe. Geo-accumulation index (Igeo) of metals in surface soils fall under unpolluted to extremely polluted for Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn, unpolluted to heavily polluted for Mn and Pb and unpolluted to moderately polluted for Fe and V. Ecological risk assessment in surface soil samples showed low to extremely high potential ecological risk for Cr, Cu and Ni, considerable to extremely high ecological risk for Cd, low to considerable ecological risk for Pb and low ecological risk for Mn, V and Zn. Risk (RI) values indicated that 37.8% of surface soil samples carried very high risk (RI > 600) of metal contamination in this industrial cluster. Findings suggested that proper waste collection and disposal techniques should be employed to safeguard human health and ecological risk in the region.  
Exploring the relation between changes in human influence and annual maximum flood extent at the global level
Authors: Mazzoleni Maurizio , Dottori Francesco , Cloke Hannah L. , Di Baldassarre Giuliano
Published: March 2022

Increasing urban expansion not only threatens biodiversity, ecosystems, and croplands but also significantly altered most river basins around the world, leading to changes in flood severities and water availability. Yet, global patterns of changes between seasonal surface water and human presence within floodplains remain largely unknown. Here we explore, for the first time, the relationship between annual maximum flood extent, impervious area, rainfall, and snowmelt for 106 large river basins by exploiting global archives as the Global Surface Water dataset, GFPLAIN250m, ERA5, and the Global Artificial Impervious Area dataset. The results show increasing trends of both annual maximum flood extent and impervious area for the period 1985-2018. We find that hydroclimatic variability alone cannot explain changes in annual maximum flood extent. In particular, we show that annual maximum flood extent is strongly correlated with impervious area and rainfall in 70% of the analyzed major river basins. Our study emphasizes the importance of understanding the influence of human presence on changes in seasonal water dynamics and consequent water availability.
Understanding soil N2O emissions and production pathways in a changing climate by coupling automated chambers with isotope measurements 
Authors: Stoll Elena , Diaz-Pines Eugenio , Reinthaler David , Radolinski Jesse , Schloter Michael , Schulz Stefanie , Duffner Clara , Tian Ye , Wanek Wolfgang , Pötsch Erich , Glatzel Stephan , Zechmeister-Boltenstern Sophie , Bahn Michael , Harris Eliza
Published: March 2022

Soils are the dominant global source of the important greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O). The anthropogenic input of nitrogen (N) into soil ecosystems increases the rate of soil N cycling, and thus enhances soil N2O emissions. N2O is produced during microbial N transformation processes, mainly via oxic nitrification and anoxic denitrification processes. These predominant pathways depend heavily on soil environmental conditions, such as soil moisture, aeration and substrate availability, which are modulated by weather and climate conditions, atmospheric composition and land use. Consequently, N2O emission rates and pathways are likely to be affected by future global changes in climate and atmospheric composition. However, the combined effects of elevated carbon dioxide (eCO2) and elevated air temperature on both N2O emission rates and pathways are unclear, as the effects can be synergistic, antagonistic or additive, and they can be further influenced by additional interacting disturbances (e.g. summer drought).

Here we test how soil N2O fluxes and emission pathways respond to environmental changes in a multifactorial climate manipulation experiment, combining warming and eCO2, as well as precipitation manipulation to simulate an extreme drought during the growing season in a managed montane grassland. For the first time, we combine in-situ surface N2O flux measurements with online high-time resolution isotopic measurements, soil N2O isotope depth profiles, molecular microbial ecology, and complementary soil and microclimate measurements. Under future global change conditions, we expect increasing N2O emission rates, as well as an increasing importance of denitrification, due to the effect of large emission pulses following rewetting. In addition, we hypothesize that drought effects overrule other environmental change factors. Our results will provide an unprecedented insight into the effects of global changes on soil N dynamics and soil N2O emissions in managed montane grasslands. Furthermore, these findings will help to improve the modelling of N dynamics at the atmosphere-biosphere interface, which will be used to derive soil N2O production and consumption pathways, based on soil N2O isotope measurements, and to upscale the results to examine their potential global relevance.
A cold  cavity? Results of a high resolution ice-shelf ocean coupled model of Terra Nova Bay and the ocean cavity beneath the Nansen Ice Shelf.
Authors: Jendersie Stefan , Dow Christine , Paul Stephan , Gwyther David
Published: March 2022

Terra Nova Bay in the western Ross Sea of Antactica has received increasing attention recently by international oceanographic and sea ice observation campaigns.  In Terra Nova Bay strong katabatic events create one of the most intense sea ice producing polynyas in Antarctica.  The associated deep convection drives the formation of HSSW, the precursor of AABW. It also facilitates the oceanic heat exchange with the adjacent ocean cavity beneath the Nansen Ice Shelf (NIS).  Terra Nova Bay presents us with the unique opportunity of studying many of the primary interactive processes of atmosphere, ocean, ice shelves and sea ice, in a relatively confined region. 
In this talk we will show results of a high resolution, coupled ocean-ice shelf modeling study that synthesizes and contextualizes available data sets from various recent observation campaigns. Our results include the first tidal model of Terra Nova Bay and the NIS cavity, the seasonal heat budget of the cavity and the formation of meso-scale eddies inside the polynya. We have also investigated the oceanographic role of erosion features at the base of the NIS, associated ice shelf melt rates and the impact of fresh water outflow in preconditioning the onset of winter polynya activity as well as the large scale circulation in Terra Nova Bay. 
The deep structure of the Richat magmatic intrusion (northern Mauritania) from geophysical modelling. Insights into its kinematics of emplacement
Authors: Abdeina El Houssein , Bazin Sara , Chazot Gilles , Bertrand Hervé , Le Gall Bernard , Youbi Nasrrddine , Sabar Mohamed Salem , Bensalah Mohamed Khalil , Boumehdi Moulay Ahmed
Published: March 2022

The famous circular structure of Richat, sometimes referred to as “the eye of Africa”, is located in the northwestern part of the Taoudeni basin, in the central part of the Mauritanian Adrar plateaus. It is expressed at the surface as a slightly elliptical depression, about 40 kilometers in diameter, marked by concentric ridges of Proterozoic-Lower Paleozoic sediments. Its origin as resulting from either a meteorite impact or a deep magmatic intrusion, has been long debated. Modelling of high-resolution airborne magnetic data as well as satellite gravity data reinforces the intrusion hypothesis. Geophysical modelling has been calibrated by determinations of rock properties from various types of magmatic lithologies sampled in the field. The three complementary types of geophysical data allow us to image at various scales and depths the buried structures of the Richat magmatic complex, to determine the areas most affected by hydrothermal alteration and finally to elaborate a kinematic model for its emplacement. We emphasize that : (1) the Richat intrusion is characterized by the presence of two important circular magnetic signals that coincide with gabbroic ring dykes partly exposed at the surface, (2) its overall circular structure rests above a deep mafic (gabbroic) body, (3) the upwelling of magma at the surface has been facilitated by the presence of concentric faults and (4) the central zone of the complex recorded intense hydrothermal alteration. This case study aims to provide insights for similar types of magma-induced ring structures observed worldwide.
Study on Establishing the System of Enterprises’ Participation in Flood Disaster Prevention
Authors: Li Yi-Ting , Fu Guei-Lin , Tsai Cheng Hsiu
Published: March 2022

Taiwan has unique geographical characteristics. Located in a subtropical monsoon region, it is plagued annually by exceptional meiyu (East Asian rainy season) in May and June, and numerous typhoons from July to October. This unique climate often brings torrential rains and combined with Taiwan’s steep topography and short rivers, frequently triggers severe floods. Moreover, Taiwan lies at the intersection between the Eurasian Plate and the Philippine Sea Plate and is among the areas with the world’s most frequent felt earthquakes. Natural hazards here can roughly be categorized into four types: earthquake, typhoon, flood, and hillside disasters; manmade disasters include: industrial disasters, residential/commercial fire, road traffic accident, and shipwreck. When disasters strike, they often cause grave impacts and tolls in human lives and properties. In recent years, there has been a rising trend in both their frequency and scale due to rapid urbanization and growing environmental vulnerability.
According to World Bank’s 2005 publication, Natural Disaster Hotspots - A Global Risk Analysis, Taiwan tops the world in the land area simultaneously exposed to three or more natural hazards (73%) and in the population under disasters’ threat (73%). Additionally, there has been an increase in potential hazards such as disease outbreaks and severe public safety accidents. Therefore, when large-scale disasters strike and the impact is beyond what the affected municipalities can or have resources to handle, the key to minimizing death and injuries as well as financial losses becomes how nearby municipalities can offer support, participate rapidly in the emergency response, integrate resources effectively, enhance response effectiveness and prevent the disaster’s spread.
The “Operational Compact for Emergency Management Mutual Aid between Municipality and County Governments” passed in 2005 has now been in effect for four years. Yet, a comprehensive review of recent years’ severe disaster experiences indicates that the chief rescue and relief responsibilities still fall on the central government; the rare implementation of the above Compact by local authorities exposes the inadequacy of the actual system. Thus, this paper examines the literature on relevant ordinances, operating models, and case studies in the American and Japanese regional mutual aid systems to emergency management, in order to offer suggestions for improvement towards a more complete regional mutual aid system, a significant upgrade on municipalities’ disaster response capabilities and effective functional integration and collaboration.
Potential for future reductions of global GHG and air pollutants from circular waste management systems
Authors: Gomez Sanabria Adriana , Kiesewetter Gregor , Klimont Zbigniew , Schoepp Wolfgang , Haberl Helmut
Published: March 2022

The rapidly rising generation of municipal solid waste jeopardizes the environment and contributes to climate heating. Based on the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways, we here develop a global systematic approach for evaluating the potentials to reduce emissions of
greenhouse gases and air pollutants from the implementation of circular municipal waste management systems. We contrast two sets of global scenarios until 2050, namely baseline and mitigation scenarios, and show that mitigation strategies in the sustainability-oriented
scenario yields earlier, and major, co-benefits compared to scenarios in which inequalities are reduced but that are focused solely on technical solutions. The sustainability-oriented scenario leaves 386 Tg CO2eq/yr of GHG (CH4 and CO2) to be released while air pollutants from
open burning can be eliminated, indicating that this source of ambient air pollution can be entirely eradicated before 2050.
Converging constraints on the glacial Atlantic overturning circulation from multiple proxies
Authors: Pöppelmeier Frerk , Jeltsch-Thömmes Aurich , Joos Fortunat , Scheen Jeemijn , Lippold Jörg , Stocker Thomas
Published: March 2022

The Atlantic overturning circulation plays a critical role in inter-hemispheric transport of heat, carbon, and nutrients, and its potential collapse under anthropogenic forcing is thought to be a major tipping point in the climate system. As such, painstaking efforts have been dedicated to a better understanding of the Atlantic circulation’s past variability and mean-state under different boundary conditions. Yet, despite decades of research many uncertainties remain regarding the state of the ocean circulation over the past 20,000 years, during which Earth’s climate was propelled out of the last ice age. Here, we employed the Bern3D intermediate complexity model, which is equipped with all major water mass tracers (Δ14C, δ13C, δ18O, εNd, Pa/Th, nutrients, and temperature), to search for converging constraints on the often conflicting interpretations of paleo-reconstructions from individual proxies focusing on the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). By varying formation rates of northern- and southern-sourced waters we explore a wide range of circulation states and test their ability to reproduce the spatial patterns of newly compiled proxy data of the LGM. Generally, we find that late-Holocene to LGM anomalies give more consistent pictures of proxy distributions than absolute values, since systematic biases, that plague some of the proxies, cancel out. This has the additional advantage that also systematic model biases are minimized. Considering this, we find that the previously opposing neodymium and stable carbon isotope-based interpretations of the glacial water mass structure can be reconciled when non-conservative effects are appropriately taken into account. Furthermore, combining the information from all proxies indicates some shoaling of glacial northern-sourced water, yet not to the same extent as previous studies suggested.
Lithification of slag-dominated artificial ground through atmospheric CO2 drawdown
Authors: MacDonald John , Brolly Connor
Published: March 2022

Legacy deposits of by-product slag from iron and steel making create significant volumes of artificial ground around the world. Composed mainly of calcium-silicate mineral phases, experimental studies have shown the potential of slag for capturing atmospheric CO2 by mineralisation (e.g. Huijgen et al. 2005). Renforth (2019) calculated that steel slag could capture ~370-400 kg CO2 per tonne of slag, depending on the type of slag. ~0.5 Gt of steelmaking slag is produced every year (USGS 2018) and this could potentially reach ~2 Gt yr-1 by the end of the century (Renforth 2019). In addition to new slag, there is an estimated 160 million m3 of legacy slag in the UK alone (Riley et al. 2020), stockpiled or dumped from historical steelmaking.

Artificial ground poses challenges around ground stability but slag-dominated artificial ground also offers opportunities for atmospheric CO2 drawdown. In this contribution, we document the lithification of legacy slag deposits – conversion of loose gravelly slag material into a rock-like mass through cementation of calcite via drawdown of atmospheric CO2.

Parts of slag heaps at our case study sites (Glengarnock and Warton, UK) have a lithified nature: gravel-to-cobble sized lumps of slag are visible but have been cemented together with a mineral cement, with an appearance not unlike a natural breccia rock. We present field, X-Ray Diffraction and δ13C data from these case study sites to document the lithification of slag-dominated artificial ground through mineralisation of atmospheric CO2 as a cementing phase; we present scanning electron microscope data to show the microstructural evolution of this lithification. This understanding has implications for artificial ground stabilisation and how atmospheric CO2 drawdown can be harnessed in this process.

 

References

Huijgen et al., 2005, ES&T, 39, 9676-9682

Renforth, 2019, Nat. Comms., 10, 1401

Riley et al., 2020, J. Geochem. Exp., 219, 106630

USGS, 2018, USGS Minerals Yearbook
Influence of exogenous organic matter and P synergies on the geochemical behavior of vanadium in the rehabilitation of bauxite residues
Authors: Ren Chengyao , Saha Narottam , Parry David , Huang Longbin
Published: March 2022

Bauxite residues (BR) from the Bayer process to produce alumina are highly alkaline and saline, containing high-level toxic elements (such as vanadium (V)), which are soluble in water under the alkaline pH condition. Ecological engineering of the BR can significantly improve physicochemical, mineralogical, and biological conditions, leading to the productive growth of pioneer plants. However, it remains unknown the fate of vanadium in response to the eco-engineering-driven changes of mineralogy, geochemistry, and organic matter decomposition.

The primary distribution of V in the BR-technosols will be characterized in sequential extraction and fractionation. The results of sequential extraction over show that the main vanadium pools in BR-technosols are in the iron oxide and organic matter phases, which provoked an investigation into the controlling mechanisms and specific sorbents, through microstructural and spectroscopic analysis combined with multivariate analysis. The alkaline environment was found to be the main controlling factor leading to elevated bioavailable vanadium in the bauxite residue. Within the iron oxide phase, amorphous iron oxides are expected to play an important role in sorption and therefore the conversion of crystalline iron-bearing minerals to the amorphous phase during weathering will be a direction of concern during long-term rehabilitation. Organic matter under natural soil conditions is an important vanadium sorbent, and additional additions of organic matter did not observe a significant improvement in this study sample, but when combined with P additions, a significant reduction in pH occurred, as did water-soluble vanadium. More investigation needs to be stimulated in terms of the role of P in promoting the addition of organic matter.

The expected results will aid the risk assessment of the eco-engineered BR-technosols and necessary intervention to mitigate the identified risks of V pollution in seepage and surface runoff in the future. 
Spatial variability in dune morphology is driven by local flow patterns steered by bars and pools
Authors: de Lange Sjoukje , Murphy Daniel , Bradley Ryan , Schrijvershof Reinier , Waldschläger Kryss , Kostaschuk Ray , Venditti Jeremy , Hoitink Ton
Published: March 2022

Bedform occurrence and geometry in sand-bedded rivers is traditionally predicted with phase diagrams and empirical equations, in which regional river characteristic are used. Field observations supporting these equations are often made in regions where bedform fields are known to be present and are spatially uniform. However, bedforms occurrence and geometry can vary significantly at the scale of the river width, limiting the applicability of bedform diagrams and questioning the objectivity of field study area selection. To enable the prediction of dune geometry, its spatial variability needs to be better understood.

 

In this study, we aim to relate spatial variations in dune characteristic to grain size characteristics, river geometry, and local flow variation governed by the sub-bedform topography. We hypothesize that curvature-induced bars and pools drive local hydrodynamics, which in turn determine local dune characteristics. To test this hypothesis, bathymetric field data and sediment samples were collected in the fluvial-to-tidal-transition zone of the Fraser river, a sand-bedded lowland river in British Columbia, Canada. A 2D hydrodynamic model was created to explore the impacts of spatial variation in hydraulic conditions.

 

We find that the cross-sectional variability in dune geometry is larger than the longitudinal variability, and that the transition of one type of dune field into another is abrupt rather than gradual. Phase diagrams do not capture these observations accurately. Local hydraulic conditions are more important in determining spatial variability in dune geometry than regional scale changes in river geometry, grain size variation and tidal influence. Dune height has an ambiguous relationship with river depth: the spatial variation in dune height depends on local shear stresses governed by the sub-bedform topography characterized by pools and troughs.
Optimization of parameters of CME initiation in the MHD simulation suite
Authors: Hayashi Keiji , Wu Chin-Chun , Liou Kan
Published: March 2022

One of the important challenges in the field of space weather study is to predict the arrival time of the shocks associated with the interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs). In many Sun-to-Earth magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations, a numerical perturbation mimicking the initial stage of the CME/ICME event is given at a position of corresponding coronal event in a steady state of the solar corona and/or solar wind. Then, the temporal evolution of the perturbed solar corona and solar wind are simulated. The numerical perturbation is a critical component in this kind of CME simulation model.

Recently we have developed a new model suite combining our two existing MHD models, one is for the solar corona (Hayashi, 2005 ApJ 161:480) and the other is for solar wind (Wu+, 2012 Solar Physics 295:25; Wu+ 2020 JASTP 201:105211). In this model suite, plasma perturbations expressed with Gaussian spatial distribution and several parameters are given to initiate the CME/ICME simulation. For better simulating the Sun-Earth CME and ICME propagation, we made an iterative Newton-Raphson type minimization module for optimizing the perturbation parameters such that the differences in the CME speed within r < 30 Rsun and the arrival time of the CME-driven shocks at the Earth between the observation and simulation will be reduced simultaneously. We will report the results, in particular, which kinetic, thermal, and/or magnetic parameters are most important for numerically reproducing the ICMEs propagation from corona to 1 AU in this analysis study.
A new record of environmental proxies for Cueva Victoria, Spain
Authors: Homann Julia , Heidke Inken , Weber Michael , Schloz Denis , Hoffmann Thorsten
Published: March 2022

Secondary mineral deposits in caves, such as stalagmites, constitute valuable paleoclimate archives because they are largely protected from degradation due to stable in-cave conditions and can be precisely dated up to 600,000 years using 230Th/U-dating. [1] In addition to established climate proxies, such as stable isotopes and trace elements, organic proxies have become increasingly attractive in recent years for investigating local vegetation and soil dynamics. [2]

 

Lignin, a biopolymer, is one of the main constituents of higher plants and consists of three monomeric units: sinapyl-, coniferyl-, and coumaryl alcohol. Lignin can be degraded into its monomeric units by alkaline CuSO4-oxidation [3]. Determination of the ratios among different oxidation products in a speleothem allows the reconstruction of the type of vegetation above the cave [4].

 

Biomass burning events are major sources of atmospheric particulate matter that influences global and local climate. [5] Investigating fire proxies in paleoclimate archives may therefore help to determine the interactions of climate, hydrology, and fire activity. Levoglucosan, an anhydrosugar, naturally only originates from the combustion of cellulose and thus constitutes a biomass burning marker. To date, no data on levoglucosan in speleothems have been published, whereas the anhydrosugar has already been utilised in other paleoclimate archives, such as sediments and ice cores. [2,5]

 

Here we present preliminary results for samples from two flowstone cores from Cueva Victoria in south-eastern Spain. The investigated samples cover MIS 1 and 7-11. Speleothems from this cave are known to have grown in intervals for at least 450 000 years. [6] Due to the semi-arid climate in this region the speleothems have mostly grown during interglacials, thereby responding and documenting changes in paleoclimate. We aim to reconstruct vegetation changes, investigate the occurrence of fires, and compare the results with existing δ13C and δ18O data.

 

[1] D. Scholz, D. Hoffmann, Quat. Sci. J. 57 (2008) 52–76 [2] A. Blyth et al. Quat. Sci. Rev. 149 (2016) 1-17. [3] G. Yan, K. Kaiser, Anal. Chem. 90 (2018) 9289–9295. [4] C.N. Jex, G.H. et.al. Quat. Sci. Rev. 87 (2014) 46–59. [5] P. Yao et al. J. of Glaciology 59 (2013) 599-611 [5] V. O. Elias et al. Geochim. et Cosmochim. Acta 65 (2001) 267-272. [6] L. Gibert, C. Ferrandez-Canadell (eds) (2015) Geology and Paleontology of Cueva Victoria (Mastia 11–13). Cartagena: Ayuntamiento de Cartagena.
Dataset of daily near-surface air temperature in China from 1979 to 2018
Authors: Fang Shu , Mao Kebiao , Xia Xueqi , Wang Ping , Shi Jiancheng , Bateni Sayed M. , Xu Tongren , Cao Mengmeng , Heggy Essam , Qin Zhihao
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Near-surface air temperature (Ta) is an important
physical parameter that reflects climate change. Many methods are used to
obtain the daily maximum (Tmax⁡), minimum (Tmin⁡), and average
(Tavg) temperature, but are affected by multiple factors. To obtain
daily Ta data (Tmax⁡, Tmin⁡, and Tavg) with high
spatio-temporal resolution in China, we fully analyzed the advantages and
disadvantages of various existing data. Different Ta reconstruction
models were constructed for different weather conditions, and the data
accuracy was improved by building correction equations for different
regions. Finally, a dataset of daily temperature (Tmax⁡, Tmin⁡, and
Tavg) in China from 1979 to 2018 was obtained with a spatial resolution
of 0.1∘. For Tmax⁡, validation using in situ data shows that
the root mean square error (RMSE) ranges from 0.86 to 1.78∘, the
mean absolute error (MAE) varies from 0.63 to 1.40∘, and the
Pearson coefficient (R2) ranges from 0.96 to 0.99. For Tmin⁡, the
RMSE ranges from 0.78 to 2.09∘, the MAE varies from 0.58 to 1.61∘, and the R2 ranges from 0.95 to 0.99. For Tavg, the
RMSE ranges from 0.35 to 1.00∘, the MAE varies from 0.27 to 0.68
∘, and the R2 ranges from 0.99 to 1.00. Furthermore, various
evaluation indicators were used to analyze the temporal and spatial
variation trends of Ta, and the Tavg increase was more than 0.03 ∘C yr−1, which is consistent with the general global warming trend.
In summary, this dataset has high spatial resolution and high accuracy,
which compensates for the temperature values (Tmax⁡, Tmin⁡, and
Tavg) previously missing at high spatial resolution and provides key
parameters for the study of climate change, especially high-temperature
drought and low-temperature chilling damage. The dataset is publicly
available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5502275 (Fang et al., 2021a).
Probabilistic Temporal Extrapolation of Fatigue Damage of Offshore Wind Turbine Substructures Based on Strain Measurements
Authors: Hübler Clemens , Rolfes Raimund
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Substructures of offshore wind turbines are becoming older and beginning to reach their design lifetimes. Hence, lifetime extensions for offshore wind turbines are becoming not only an interesting research topic, but also a relevant option for industry. To make well-founded decisions on possible lifetime extensions, precise fatigue damage predictions are required. In contrast to the design phase, fatigue damage predictions cannot only be based on aero-elastic simulations but also on strain measurements. Nonetheless, strain measurement-based fatigue damage assessments for lifetime extensions have been rarely conducted so far. Simulation-based approaches are much more common, although current standards explicitly recommend the use of measurement-based approaches as well. For measurement-based approaches, the main challenge is that strain data are limited. This means that measurements are only available for a limited period and only at some specific hot-spot locations. Hence, spatial and temporal extrapolations are required. Available procedures are not yet standardised and in most cases not validated. This work focuses on extrapolations in time. Several methods for the extrapolation of fatigue damage are assessed. The methods are intended to extrapolate fatigue damage calculated for a limited time period using strain measurement data to a longer time period, or another time period, where no such data are available. This could be, for example, a future period, a period prior to the installation of strain gauges or a period after some sensors have failed. The methods are validated using several years of strain measurement data from the German offshore wind farm Alpha Ventus. The performance and user friendliness of the various methods are compared. It is shown that fatigue damage can be predicted accurately and reliably for periods where no strain data are available. Best results are achieved if wind speed correlations are taken into account by applying a binning approach, and if a least some winter months of strain data are available.
PERSEPSI WISATAWAN DOMESTIK MILENIAL TERHADAP KUALITAS DESA CANGGU SEBAGAI DESTINASI PARIWSATA DI BALI
Authors: Hartana Putu Haris Chandra , Dianasari Dewa Ayu Made Lily , Lilasari Luh Nyoman Tri
Published: March 2022

Kualitas destinasi wisata menjadi salah satu hal penting bagi keberhasilan Desa Canggu sebagai destinasi wisata di Bali. Persepsi adalah proses bagaimana seseorang memilih, mengatur, dan menginterpretasikan masukan informasi untuk menciptakan gambaran keseluruhan yang bermakna. Adanya persepsi wisatawan yang baik terhadap Desa Canggu akan berpengaruh terhadap kunjungan kembali, sekaligus sebagai media promosi di kalangan wisatawan secara tidak langsung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana persepsi wisatawan domestik milenial terhadap kualitas Desa Canggu sebagai Destinasi Wisata di Bali dengan menilai persepsi wisatawan. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif kuantitatif.

Hasil persepsi wisatawan domestik milenial menunjukkan hasil yang baik terhadap kualitas Desa Canggu sebagai destinasi pariwisata di Bali dengan perolehan nilai positif yaitu kategori baik. Adapun Nilai masing-masing komponen destinasi pariwisata adalah daya tarik wisata dengan nilai yang baik, fasilitas dengan nilai yang baik, aksesibilitas dengan nilai cukup baik, Imej dengan nilai baik. dan untuk harga dengan nilai yang baik
Project and Process Realms: Analysis of Two Strategic Management Means in the Context of Competitive Advantage
Authors: TUNÇ Tarkan
Published: March 2022

Projects and processes are powerful strategic management means. They play a significant role in the implementation of strategies and in gaining a competitive advantage by using them as a lever. Projects and processes are based on two operationally complementary strong wills (founding and operating will) and strategic-level decisions based on this will. Projects are used to create processes as an output. Processes, on the other hand, support the key indicators of the firm's vital functions. The two approaches are examined together in terms of their mutually supportive contributions to the realization of strategic goals.

Developing project and process competencies strengthen competitive muscles. Effective projects and improved processes bring the business closer to its goals. Success emerges thanks to the positive effects of project and process outputs on key performance indicators.

In the study, project and process realms are defined, their similarities and differences are emphasized and their functions in terms of strategic management are explained. In addition, it is aimed to clarify the transition zone between the realms and to raise awareness for making the right decisions to achieve greater gains. In this context, decision criteria for determining project and process priorities are presented to firms. Thus, a link will be established between the strategies and these realms, the sustainability of the competitive advantage will be ensured and the synergy created will contribute to the realization of the strategic goals of the firm.