bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chromoblastomycosis is curable with DAT therapy (debulking, intralesional amphotericin B, oral terbinafine); case series of 16 patients
Authors: Ranawaka Ranthilaka R. , Abeywickrama Viharatennegedara
Published: February 2025

Once incurable and chronic devastating diseases of chromomycosis is now curable with, debulking, intralesional amphotericin B and oral terbinafine (DAT). Debulking methods ranged from electrocautery to total surgical excision according to the size and the site of the lesion; a diluted solution of 1 mg/mL of amphotericin B (AMB) was injected weekly at the edge of the lesion; and simultaneous treatment with daily 500 mg oral terbinafine. Voriconazole 200 mg twice daily was added in one patient who had infection spread along the right lower limb for more than 20 years. DAT therapy was continued until complete clinical clearance where 14 out of 16 (87.5%) were cured using intralesional AMB 4–8 weeks (mean 5.8, mode 7) and oral terbinafine 6–12 weeks (mean 9.6, mode 12). Two patients who had lesions for 10 years and 20 years had to continue treatments for 14 weeks and 34 weeks, respectively, leaving scarring, chronic lymphedema, or depigmentation to a lesser degree. Early initiation of treatment gives an optimal outcome in a shorter period of time without residual sequelae.
Evaluating the anti-bacterial activities of potentized medicines on the clinical isolates from the urine samples
Authors: Gajjar Normi , Talele Gitanjali , Shah Gaurang B , Shah Rajesh
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND:

Our study explores nosodes (potentized medicines derived from microbes), as alternative antimicrobial measures against infections. Different nosodes were tested for efficacy against pathogens in clinical urine samples, comparing them with Gentamicin.

OBJECTIVE:

Evaluating the efficacy of potentized medicines against microbes found in urine samples.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The test samples were added to the sterile 96 well plates with 150 μL of sterile media followed by bacteria-positive clinical urine samples (10 μL), and the plate was incubated at 37°C. After 72 h, optical density was measured. Reduction in bacterial growth was calculated as the antibacterial potential of the drugs.

RESULTS:

Escherichia coli poly-nosode 100C exhibited the highest efficacy at 93.79%, followed by Neisseria gonorrhoeae 100C (89.27%), E. coli 200C (79.61%), and Syphilinum 30C (78.76%) against Klebsiella pneumoniae. The average efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa for the 27 test samples studied was 72.32%, (verses Gentamicin 74.25%). The highest efficacy at 92.79% was observed with E. coli poly-nosode followed by methicillin-resistant Staphyloccus aureus (MRSA) 30C (92.29%), N. gonorrhoeae 50C (92.29%), Cantharis 30C (90.95%), and Salmonella typhi 30C poly-nosode (81.35%). Cantharis 30C at 86.53% and E. coli 200C at 78.02% were effective against the mixed infection of E. coli + Candida albicans. The average efficacy of nosodes against this mixed infection was 63.53%, while Gentamicin demonstrated 61.97% efficacy. MRSA 100C showed the highest efficacy at 52.37% against E. coli, and an average efficacy of 44.5% was noted with test samples.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our study unveils the therapeutic potential of homeopathic medicines against antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains.
Exploring the mechanism of sunflower seed oil against Alzheimer’s disease through experimental and network pharmacology studies
Authors: Desai Yashodhan , Karunakaran Deepak , Singh Juhi , Noronha Alric Raul , Poojary Gagan , Chettri Bijaya , Shenoy Rekha , Nampoothiri Madhavan , Bojja Sree Lalitha
Published: February 2025

OBJECTIVES:

With the prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) increasing exponentially, there has been a shift in the focus of drug discovery for AD from treating the symptoms to preventing the development of the disease. Several natural compounds are extensively studied as neuroprotectives in preventing disease progression. Helianthus annuus seed oil (HA) is widely used as cooking oil and is abundant in antioxidant activity. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of HA in mice model of scopolamine-induced amnesia and explored the potential underlying mechanisms.

METHODS:

Twenty-four male mice were administered orally with either distilled water (control and scopolamine groups) or treatment groups (HA 100 and HA 200 mg/kg) for 8 consecutive days. All groups, except the control group, received an intraperitoneal injection of scopolamine at a dose of 1 mg/kg. Subsequently, novel object recognition task for cognition assessment and open field tests for locomotory activity were performed. In addition, network analysis was performed to identify the key bioactives and targets of HA against AD. Further, the binding affinity of HA bioactives to the key targets was verified by molecular docking analysis.

RESULTS:

HA (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) significantly ameliorated recognition memory compared to the scopolamine group, suggesting the protective effect of HA against cognitive impairment. Network analysis indicated that the key bioactives of HA, chlorogenic acid, and oleic acid act through multiple targets and pathways, particularly the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, to ameliorate AD symptoms. Importantly, chlorogenic acid showed good binding affinity with MAPKs, TP53, and EP300.

CONCLUSION:

HA has therapeutic benefits in AD acting through the MAPK pathway. However, further studies need to be done to confirm the results derived and translate the potential use of HA as a dietary supplement for preventing AD.
The Correlation between Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Body Mass Index among College Students in Surakarta, Indonesia: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Yuniarti Tri , Musta’in  , Adriani Rita Benya , Widiyanto Aris , Atmojo Joko Tri , Putri Santy Irene
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

Young adulthood is a critical developmental period, during which there are key developmental tasks that allow the young adult to participate related to lifestyle behaviors. This research examines the interplay among physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), and body mass index (BMI) among college students in Surakarta, Indonesia.

Methods:

From January to February 2023, a cross-sectional, online self-administered survey was distributed through WhatsApp and Telegram to prospective respondents aged 17–25 year old. The questionnaire was divided into three sections. The first section of the questionnaire consisted of seven sociodemographic questions about the participants’ age, sex, siblings, parents’ education levels, weight, and height. Eleven questions about respondents’ PA were included in the second section. There were eight questions about participants’ inactive lifestyles in the third section.

Results:

The respondents had an average age of 20.24 ± 0.21 years. Age (β = 0.041; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.00–0.08; P = 0.03), PA (β = 0.02; 95% CI = 2.03–2.08; P = 0.02), and SBs on weekdays (β = −1.39; 95% CI = −4.77–1.98; P = 0.01) and weekends (β = −2.23; 95% CI = −9.19 [−1.27]; P = 0.01) were identified as the most significant variables influencing the respondents’ BMI.

Conclusion:

Most college students in Surakarta had a normal weight. Nevertheless, it is noteworthy that nearly all female adolescents fell short of complying with the prescribed physical exercise guidelines, which advocate for a minimum of 420 min of moderate-to-vigorous PA weekly.
Idiopathic portal hypertension misdiagnosed as hepatitis B cirrhosis: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Liu Xiao-Chen , Yan Hui-Hui , Wei Wei , Du Qin
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND

Idiopathic portal hypertension (IPH) is a subtype of portal hypertension that arises in the absence of cirrhosis. IPH frequently manifests with clinical features typical of portal hypertension, including splenomegaly and esophagogastric fundal varices, along with other associated symptoms. Imaging studies may indicate portal hypertension; however, they typically do not provide evidence of cirrhosis. There are no standardized diagnostic criteria for IPH, and diagnosis is often established by excluding other hepatic diseases. Liver biopsy remains the most reliable approach to verify the diagnosis of IPH.

CASE SUMMARY

A patient previously diagnosed with “hepatitis B cirrhosis” at an external hospital presented to our facility with gastrointestinal bleeding. Initial assessment revealed minor liver injury, splenomegaly, esophagogastric varices, and portal hypertension. Imaging studies did not indicate cirrhosis and repeated hepatitis B serology tests yielded negative results. After excluding various causes of cirrhosis and other non-cirrhotic etiologies of portal hypertension, liver biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of IPH. The patient was managed with regular endoscopic therapy and long-term carvedilol administration.

CONCLUSION

Currently, there are no standardized diagnostic criteria for IPH, and its diagnosis is generally established by excluding other conditions. Liver biopsy remains the most reliable method for IPH diagnosis.
ILF3 inhibits p-AMPK expression to drive non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression
Authors: Zhan Ting , Liu Jia-Xi , Huang Min , Chen Ming-Tao , Tian Xiao-Rong , Yang Xiu-Lin , Tan Jie , Zou Yan-Li , Han Zheng , Chen Wei , Tian Xia , Huang Xiao-Dong
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a disease of increasing global prevalence and an important risk factor for the development of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma, but the pathogenesis is not clear. The aim of this study was to explore the role of ILF3 in NAFLD.

AIM

To investigate the molecular processes through which ILF3 facilitates the advancement of NAFLD by inhibiting the expression of p-AMPK. This exploration seeks to provide new insights into the etiology of NAFLD and evaluate the potential of ILF3 as a diagnostic marker and potential treatment focus for future interventions.

METHODS

In vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted using HepG2 cells and NAFLD animal models. The effects of ILF3 knockdown on lipid synthesis and triglyceride (TG) secretion were examined by analyzing the expression levels of p-AMPK. Additionally, the roles of ILF3 and the AMPK signaling pathway were verified using techniques such as Western blotting, quantitative reverse transcription PCR, Oil Red O staining, and immunohistochemistry.

RESULTS

Investigations revealed an increase in ILF3 Levels within both HepG2 cells and animal models of NAFLD, concurrently with a decrease in p-AMPK expression. Knocking down ILF3 activated the AMPK pathway, reducing lipid production and TG secretion in hepatocytes, thereby mitigating the advancement of NAFLD.

CONCLUSION

ILF3 promotes the evolution of NAFLD by inhibiting the expression of p-AMPK. The knockdown of ILF3 activates the AMPK signaling pathway, alleviating the severity of NAFLD. These findings underscore the function of ILF3 in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and demonstrate its viability as a treatment focus and diagnostic indicator.
Clinical features and risk factors for combined Klebsiella pneumoniae infection in patients with liver cirrhosis
Authors: Zhang Jian-Guo , Wang Yan-Wei , Wang Qiong-Ya , Wen Biao
Published: February 2025

This article discusses the findings presented by Zhang et al . They analyzed the risk factors and clinical characteristics associated with Klebsiella pneumoniae infection in patients with liver cirrhosis treated at a hospital in Beijing. In this article, we focus on the connection between chronic kidney disease and the intestinal microbiota, and propose microbiota transplantation as a potential treatment for this patient group. We also examine an intriguing phenomenon related to hepatic encephalopathy, and provide insights into the future research.
Gilbert’s syndrome: The good, the bad and the ugly
Authors: De Silva Arjuna Priyadarsin , Nuwanshika Nilushi , Niriella Madunil Anuk , de Silva Hithanadura Janaka
Published: February 2025

Gilbert’s syndrome (GS) is a common hereditary condition characterized by mild increases in serum bilirubin levels due to inherited defects in bilirubin metabolism. This review, based on peer-reviewed articles spanning from 1977 to January 2024 and sourced through the PubMed platform, provides an overview of current knowledge regarding GS. Early studies primarily focused on defining the clinical and genetic characteristics of the syndrome. More recent research has delved into the genetic mechanisms underlying the reduced expression of bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, significantly enhancing our understanding of the pathogenesis of GS. Recent studies have also investigated clinical implications of GS, including its association with metabolic associated steatotic liver disease, cardiovascular disease, mental health and mortality risk, highlighting the complex interplay between genetic factors, bilirubin metabolism, and clinical outcomes.
Relationship between Kawasaki disease and alanine aminotransferase levels in pediatric patients
Authors: Pan Yan , Jiao Fu-Yong
Published: February 2025

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a critical pediatric vasculitis with potentially severe cardiovascular outcomes if left untreated. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, which primarily indicate hepatic injury, are frequently elevated in patients with KD, suggesting systemic inflammation and liver involvement. This editorial explores the multifaceted relationship between KD and ALT elevation, emphasizing the importance of monitoring ALT levels to gauge disease severity and tailor therapeutic interventions. The comprehensive evaluation and integration of ALT monitoring into routine clinical practice can improve patient outcomes by identifying high-risk patients early and guiding timely and appropriate management strategies.
A Comparative Study on the Working Efficiency of Journal Bearing
Employing Different Micro-Textures
Authors: Song Fengxiang , Nguyen Vanliem , Liu Yaxi
Published: February 2025

This study proposed the different micro-textures of the SC (square cylinder), SWS
(square wedge shape), HS (hemispherical shape), and CR (cylindrical round) to
improve the working efficiency of the journal bearing. A hydrodynamic
lubrication model of the journal bearing under the impact of the changing
dynamic loads is established to analyze the performance of micro-textures. The
maximum oil film pressure and minimum frictional force in the journal bearing
are selected as two evaluation indices. Some outstanding research results show
that all the SC, SWS, HS, and CR added on the bearing surface improved the
working efficiency of the journal bearing better than without the
micro-textures. Moreover, the HS also improved the working efficiency of the
journal bearing better than other structures of SC, SWS, and CR. To optimize the
working efficiency of the journal bearing using HS, the dimension
ltex
 and depth htex
 of HS should be selected and designed in a range of 3.6 <
ltex
 ≤ 3.9 mm and 7.5 ≤ htex
 ≤ 10 μm, especially at ltex
 = 3.6 mm and htex
 = 10 μm. Research results not only provide a detailed assessment of
the lubrication efficiency of different micro-textures but also find a new
structure of HS with their optimal parameters to further improve the working
efficiency of the journal bearings.
Človek je mehurček
Authors: Misson Nina
Published: February 2025

Večina poznavalcev renesančne emblematike se strinja, da priljubljenost emblemov izhaja iz njihove jasne, vendar enigmatične strukture, ki je razumljiva le izobražencem. Med posebej priljubljenimi temami so bile tiste, ki opozarjajo na minljivost človeškega življenja, kot je motiv Homo bulla (Človek je kot mehurček). Ta simbolizira kratkost in krhkost življenja. V zgodnjenovoveški emblematiki obstajajo različni tipi Homo bulla, ki so lahko postavljeni v krajino ali interier, so eno- ali večfiguralni, samostojni ali del večje ikonografske celote. Do sedaj je bilo v strokovni literaturi sprejeto, da Homo bulla temelji na antičnih pisnih virih, čeprav je natančna analiza pokazala, da to ni povsem res, saj gre brez izjeme za vodne mehurčke ali pa mehurčki niso jasno označeni kot milni. Kot fraza se Homo bulla v antičnih virih pojavlja v delih Marka Varona, Petronija Arbitra in Lukijana iz Samosate, Erazem Rotterdamski pa jo je prek svoje zbirke pregovorov populariziral v renesansi Evrope in tudi navedel njen izvirni antični kontekst. Čeprav renesančne upodobitve ohranijo pomen mehurčka kot simbola minljivosti, pa prikazujejo milne mehurčke, ne vodnih, kar kaže na neodvisen razvoj ikonografskega motiva Homo bulla v renesančni umetnosti od pisnih antičnih virov. Zgodnjenovoveške likovne upodobitve pa pogosto vključujejo tudi sekundarne simbole, kot so lobanje, školjke in urna z dimom, ki pa zares imajo antične korenine, vendar so s krščanstvom pridobili nove pomenske razsežnosti.
Pojmovanje samosti prek estetike Jacquesa Rancièra
Authors: Seražin Lisjak Nina
Published: February 2025

V prispevku se ukvarjam s pojmom samosti, nekaterimi njenimi oblikami ter razmerjem do skupnosti in politike. Najprej zarišem miselno paradigmo, ki jo povzema Aristotel, v kateri je samost videna kot izjemna, nasprotna skupnosti in ločena od politike. Vanjo je ujet tudi sodoben prevladujoč odklonilen odnos do samosti. Tej paradigmi zoperstavim estetsko paradigmo, ki jo izpeljujem iz misli Jacquesa Rancièra in njegovih pojmov delitve čutnega in estetike. V njej samost ni več nasprotje skupnosti, pač pa je vsakdanja, mnogotera in vpletena v politično. Govorim o obliki hotene samosti kot vsakdanjem, začasnem umiku iz skupnosti, ki se razlikuje od aristotelske privilegirane izjemne samote in pokaže, da samost ni le določena z delitvijo čutnega, pač pa tudi sama lahko postavi delitev čutnega. Vpeljem tudi koncept estetske samosti ob navezavi na Rancièrovo razumevanje estetike in estetske izkušnje. Ta samost prav tako zavrača aristotelsko predpostavko. Ob dveh primerih iz Rancièrovih del in primeru bralne izkušnje pokažem, kako estetsko samost lahko mislimo kot obliko izkustvene samosti, ločenosti posameznika od delitve čutnega in samega sebe, njeno razmerje do hotene samosti ter njeno lastno politiko estetike.
Quelle place pour la littérature mondiale dans l’enseignement secondaire français ?
Authors: Lamy-Joswiak Anne-Cécile
Published: February 2025

La mondialisation de la littérature a remis en question l’enseignement de celle-ci depuis la fin du XXe siècle (Fraisse, 2012 ; Dufays, 2024) et l’enseignement secondaire français n’échappe pas à ce débat, comme en témoigne l’ouverture des programmes nationaux aux littératures étrangères et francophones depuis quatre décennies. L’objectif de cette contribution est de montrer la part accordée à la littérature étrangère dans l’enseignement de la littérature nationale dispensé dans les établissements secondaires français. Pour ce faire, nous avons examiné la représentation de la littérature mondiale dans les instructions officielles et la présence des œuvres étrangères et francophones dans l’offre éditoriale récente des manuels de français. Si l’analyse montre une nette ouverture au patrimoine littéraire mondial, elle questionne aussi bien la hiérarchisation de ses œuvres que les pratiques éducatives pour rendre cet enseignement effectif.
Antidepressant-like Effect of the Leaf Extract of Momordica foetida Schumach. et Thonn. in Rodent Models of Depression
Authors: Yohannes Melekte , Abiye Alfoalem Araba , Hailu Abebe Ejigu , Tadesse Wondmagegn Tamiru
Published: February 2025

People living with depression develop treatment-resistant depression in which they do not respond to available medications or other  therapeutic approaches. Momordica foetida Schumach. et Thonn. (Cucurbitaceae) is used in northern Ethiopia, to treat psychiatric  disorders. The current study investigated the antidepressant-like effects of the 80% methanolic leaf extract of M. foetida using the rodent  models tail suspension and forced swim tests. The effect of the hydroalcoholic extract on locomotor activity was also studied using the  open-field test. Based on the results of acute toxicity test, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg doses of the extract were tested. In the tail suspension  test, the extract as well as the positive control (imipramine 30 mg/kg) showed significant (p < 0.05) reductions in immobility  time compared to the control group at all doses. Duration of immobility observed in the forced swim test with the extract was not  significantly different from the control group. By contrast, the positive control produced a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in immobility  compared to controls. However, no significant change in locomotion was observed in the open field test at these doses. Overall, the  results obtained demonstrated that M. foetida extract possesses antidepressant activity in the tail suspension test, providing evidence, at  least in part, for the traditional use of the plant for psychiatric disorders. However, further studies are required to validate its use.
Effect of Restriction of School Time Snacking on Prevalence of Early Childhood Caries
Authors: ORHORHORO Enameguolo Eureka , CHUKWUMAH Nneka Maureen
Published: February 2025

Background: Early Childhood Caries constitute a major public health concern in both developing and developed countries. Dietary sugar intake in the aetiology of ECC is pivotal and considered one of the most important risk factors and could come in form of unhealthy snacks.
Aim: To compare the prevalence of Early Childhood Caries in children attending schools with “No breaktime snacking” restrictions and those without. Also, this study assessed the relationship and severity of ECC between both groups.
Results: The study population consisted of 158 children between 3-5 years old, 89 males (56.3%) and 69 females (43.7%). A total of 81 (51.3%) study participants were from schools where snacking was allowed, while 77 (48.7%) were from schools with no school time snacking. The majority of the participants (75.9%) had good oral hygiene. A higher prevalence of caries was seen among 3-year-olds (19.5%) and in females (20.3%) although this was not statistically significant. The presence of dental caries was higher in schools where snacking was allowed (19.8%) (P=0.157). The severity of dental caries in this study population was 0 (0.0%) determined using the pufa index.
Conclusion: Although conclusive evidence supporting the restriction of school time snacking as a means to reduce ECC prevalence could not be inferred, this study provides insight into the complexity of ECC etiology and the need for multifaceted interventions addressing various risk factors including school time snacking, limitation of which may provide a way for reduction of caries development in preschool children.
Effect of microwave and sodium hypochlorite disinfection of alginate impressions on dimensional accuracy of such impressions
Authors: OMO Julie Omole , ENABULELE Joan Emien , SEDE Matthew  Asizide , IGUNMA Jerry , AKHIGBEMEN Oseremen , ATAT Josephine
Published: February 2025

Objective:  This study investigated the impact of disinfection methods, specifically sodium hypochlorite and microwave irradiation, on the dimensional accuracy of alginate impressions.
Methods: This was a randomized comparative clinical study. A purposive sampling technique of consecutive individuals was employed for the study. The maxillary impression of employed participants was made and randomly assigned to either of two groups (microwave irradiation vs sodium hypochlorite disinfection) by simple random technique. Two impressions were made for each participant. The first impression was poured with dental stone to make a stone cast without disinfection, the second impression made, was disinfected either using 0.5% sodium hypochlorite disinfectant or microwave irradiation for 2 minutes, before a stone cast was made from this impression. The dimensional accuracy of each cast was assessed by measuring the bucco-palatal width of the two maxillary first molars using a handheld digital caliper (with an accuracy of 0.01mm) and getting the average of the two measurements. 
Result: A total of 120 upper impressions were made using alginate impression material for 60 participants. The buccolingual dimension of the first molars ranged from 4.32 to 6.10mm before and after sterilization. The mean buccolingual dimension before sterilization was 5.30±0.39 and the mean buccolingual dimension after disinfection was 5.30±0.42, which was not statistically significant (p=0.78). Disinfection with sodium hypochlorite (p=0.94) and microwave irradiation (p=0.74) on the dimensional accuracy of impressions was not statistically significant
Conclusion: There were no significant dimensional inaccuracies in casts obtained from alginate impressions disinfected with sodium hypochlorite or microwave irradiation compared to those obtained from alginate impressions without disinfection
Optimizing hybrid renewable energy systems for rural electrification: a case study of selected villages in Kwara State, Nigeria
Authors: Oladeji A. S. , Atilola O. F. , Olaniyi J. I.
Published: February 2025

The adoption of renewable energy resources for electricity generation usually results in the generation of excessive electrical energy. Efficient utilization of this surplus electrical energy after the battery has been fully charged when in use has the potential to minimize the unit cost of energy generation by these hybrid renewable energy systems. This work presents an optimal sizing methodology for a stand-alone Small Hydro-Solar Photovoltaic (PV)-Battery-Flywheel Energy Storage (FESS) System to electrify three off-grid rural areas: Sangotayo, Budo Umoru, and Idi-Isin in Kwara State, Nigeria. A hybrid optimization model for electric renewable (HOMER) was used to determine the optimum hybrid system configuration with the least levelised cost of energy (LCOE). Interestingly, the optimal system configuration modeled by HOMER, tagged Case 1 is a Small Hydropower-Solar PV-FESS-Converter with Net Present Cost (NPC) of $524, 940 (N 787, 410, 000 at N 1500 to 1USD), LCOE of 0.23$/kWh (N 345), and initial capital cost of $494, 752 (N 742, 128, 000) and composed of 273 kW of CS6U-330P solar PV, 45 pieces of fly100 FESS, 230 kW of Natel49 small hydro generator and 144 kW of PrinDRI100 DC/AC bi-directional inverter.
PSO-optimized model reference adaptive PID controller for precise DC motor speed control
Authors: Oche J. E. , Bashir H. A. , Shima T. J.
Published: February 2025

Whenever DC motor operates at varying speeds and is expected to rotate in two directions with high precision, it becomes essential that uncertainties in the form of external disturbances and load variations in the system be considered. In such systems, the use of fixed-gain Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller alone is suboptimal as the controller lacks the ability to handle the uncertainties which causes the output response of the motor to have excessive overshoot, poor disturbance rejection and poor command-following. This paper presents a particle swarm-optimized model reference adaptive PID controller (PSO MRAC-PID) for precise DC motor speed control. The proposed controller can set the speed of a DC motor to track a predefined reference model and adapt to the effect of uncertainties and external disturbances, using a combination of two basic techniques namely, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) rule and particle swarm optimization (PSO). The MIT rule was utilised for the design of the adaptation mechanism and PSO was implemented for optimization of the adaptation gains of the MRAC-PID controller to enhance its overall performance. Comparative analyses with fixed gain PSO-PID and conventional MRAC-PID controllers indicate that the proposed PSO MRAC-PID achieves a 66.7% improvement in settling time, 0.4% improvement in overshoot, 35.3% reduction in control effort and a general improvement in command tracking and disturbance rejection. This outcome suggests that the proposed POS MRAC-PID controller can better suit realworld applications where precision is critical such as motor drives in conveyor belts, crane systems, among others. It also achieves control with greater energy savings as compared to the traditional methods – a crucial feature for greener and cleaner operations.
Green polymer composite films for sustainable food packaging: a review
Authors: Hussaini A. , Abdulrasheed A. , Raji Y. O. , Mohammed J. , Salis A. , Mohammed A.
Published: February 2025

Food packaging involves the process of enclosing food to keep it safe from outside elements that could contaminate, harm, or decompose it while it is being transported, stored, or sold. Selection of packaging materials used play a critical role in ensuring food safety and extending shelf life. This makes the exploration of sustainable alternatives, such as Natural Fibre Reinforced Green Composites (NFRGCs), essential. In addition to packaging sustainability, NFRGCs have gained prominence in several vital applications in industries, including semi-structural, structural, automotive, aerospace, medical etc. because of their long-term sustainability. This review work focuses on the present and potential applications of green composite films intercalated with turmeric oil. It highlights the significance of the materials now in use as well as their limitations. The necessity of sustainable packaging stems from customer demand, legal pressures, and environmental concerns. Green composites are being investigated as an alternative to synthetic polymer composites due to their good mechanical properties, affordability, biodegradability, improved life cycle, and eco-friendliness. Turmeric oil-intercalated nanocomposites offer unique benefits for food packaging, including improved mechanical and barrier properties, increased antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, and potential environmental benefits. Despite challenges like cost and scalability, they represent a new frontier in packaging innovation.
Evaluating sustainable features of selected university female hostels in Kaduna State, Nigeria
Authors: Ibiyeye Aminat Idowu
Published: February 2025

This research investigates the sustainable design features of selected female university hostels in Kaduna state, Nigeria, with a focus on identifying strengths and weaknesses in their current sustainability practices. The objectives are to analyse selected existing female hostels in Kaduna, Nigeria, and develop design recommendations to improve their sustainability. The study employs a case study research design, collecting data through field observations and architectural assessments. Findings reveal that while the buildings are strategically oriented along the north-south axis to optimize natural light and energy efficiency, there is significant untapped potential for renewable energy integration. Additionally, Waste management practices are inadequate, with improper disposal observed on or near the sites. Although natural ventilation and daylighting strategies, such as window openings and courtyards, were successfully implemented, the hostels lack appropriate landscaping. Thermal comfort is generally well-managed, but noise control measures are absent. The construction relied solely on concrete blocks, which offer high thermal mass, yet no recycled materials were utilized, and water management practices were not implemented. While most building materials were locally sourced, the absence of modular coordination indicates inefficiencies in design. The study underscores the need for a more integrated approach to sustainable design in university hostels, offering targeted recommendations that prioritize environmental responsibility while addressing the specific needs of female students in Kaduna state, Nigeria.
Preparation and characterization of MoO3 nanoparticles for the photocatalytic degradation of dyeing wastewater
Authors: Yakubu Idris A. , Ugoeze Elele U. , Mathew John T.
Published: February 2025

This study focuses on the preparation and characterization of MoO₃ nanoparticles for the photocatalytic degradation of dyeing wastewater. The XRD pattern of MoO₃ shows distinct peaks at 2θ values of 12.8°, 23.4°, 25.7°, 27.3°, and 39.0°, corresponding to specific crystal planes and confirming its α-MoO₃ phase, validated against JCPDS card number 05-0508. The morphology reveals stacked or crumpled particles with a high surface area conducive to catalytic activities. EDX analysis identifies molybdenum (Mo) and oxygen (O) with characteristic peaks at 2.29 keV (Mo Lα), 17.48 keV (Mo Kα), 19.63 keV (Mo Kβ), and 0.52 keV (O Kα), confirming the material's composition. MoO₃’s layered structure, influenced by van der Waals forces, offers unique interlayer spacing advantageous for photocatalytic processes. Photodegradation experiments showed progressive efficiency: at 10 minutes, MoO₃ achieved 8.58%; by 40 minutes, it increased to 30.42%, and at 50 minutes, reached 42.3%. Efficiency peaked at 60 minutes with 50.52%, progressing to 60.8% at 70 minutes and 71.03% at 90 minutes, finally achieving 75.25% at 100 minutes. These results demonstrate MoO₃ nanoparticles' effectiveness in degrading dye pollutants, highlighting their potential for sustainable wastewater treatment applications.
Assessment of heavy metals contamination: A study in the industrial tannery waste disposal site of national institute of leather and science technology (NILEST), Zaria
Authors: Bassa Obed Y. , Solomon Dorathy Kyom , Fodeke Helena
Published: February 2025

Heavy metals, such as chromium, cadmium, lead cupper and others, pose significant environmental risks. Elevated levels of these metals can result in soil and water contamination, adversely affecting both ecosystems and human health. This study aims at investigating the presence and distribution of heavy metal contamination in leather research tannery disposal site, to identify its sources and propose effective remediation strategies to mitigate environmental and health risks. A total of five locations within the sites were chosen. The samples were collected at depth of about 15-20cm below the earth surface and thoroughly mixed to form a composite into polyethylene bags. Analytes in solids samples were transferred into solution employing mechanical sample preparation. Elemental determination of analytes was carried out using acid digestion procedures and Nitrichydrochloric acid (HNO3-HCl) at the ratio of 3:1. Heavy metals; (Cr, Pb, Co, Cd, Cu, Ni, Fe, Mn, and Zn) presence were identify in the samples and their concentrations determined using Buck Scientific model 210 VGP Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer with deuterium background correction lamp. This result revealed the following heavy metal concentrations; Cr, Pb, Co, Cd, Cu, Ni, Fe, Mn, and Zn in the studied area and identified significant levels of heavy metals contamination in the tannery waste disposal site Cr, Pb, Co, Cd, Cu, Ni, Fe, Mn, and Zn, with Chromium, Iron, Manganese and Zinc showing notable amount ranging from 14.3-1249.3 mg/Kg These findings present a genuine environmental concern, contributing a valuable insight to the understanding of heavy metal contamination and provides a baseline for informed decision-making in environmental management.
Detection of mec(a) gene in cefoxitin and oxacillin (methicillin) resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from ready-to-eat foods in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
Authors: Inuwa Ahmad Bashiru , Zumbes Hosea Jwan , ThankGod Daniel Geofrey , Dapiya Hyacinth Shehu , Mawak John Danjuma
Published: February 2025

Staphylococcus aureus is a significant foodborne pathogen that can cause serious infections in humans, and its resistance to commonly used antibiotics poses a major public health threat. This study determined the prevalence of the mecA gene in methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolated from ready-to-eat foods sold in Jos, Nigeria. A total of 120 food samples were evaluated for bacterial load, Antibiotic susceptibility using the disc diffusion method and detection of methicillin resistance through PCR amplification of the mecA gene. The results indicate substantial bacterial contamination of the foods, with TBC ranging from 1.60 × 106 to 1.04 × 107 CFU/g and TSC ranging from 1.57 × 10⁵ to 6.15 × 10⁵ CFU/g. Among the food types, ‘suya’ showed the highest mean TBC (1.04 × 107 CFU/g) and jollof rice the lowest (1.60 × 106 CFU/g). The overall detection rate of S. aureus was 30.83%, with the highest occurrence in jollof rice (50.00%). Antibiotic susceptibility profiles revealed high resistance to oxacillin (81.9%) and cefoxitin (70.3%), confirming the circulation of MRSA in the food chain. Gentamicin (78.4%) and vancomycin (73.0%) were the most effective antibiotics, while notable resistance was found against trimethoprim (64.9%). Of 37 isolates, 26 (70.30%) were mecA carriers, with a 21.67% prevalence in the RTE foods. The Jollof rice exhibited the highest mecA occurrence (80.00%), while other popular dishes showed 50% to 70% positivity. The polymerase chain reaction amplification revealed a distinct band of the mecA genes at 533 base pairs on the agarose gel, providing strong evidence for the presence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in the tested food samples. This study underscores the need for monitoring and control measures regarding MRSA in food products to protect public health.
Determination of Mean Sea Level from 1980 to 2018 using tidal observation data, Bonny Primary Port, Nigeria
Authors: Morakinyo Barnabas O.
Published: February 2025

Mean Sea Level (MSL) is the average height of the sea for all stages of tide over 19 years; and it is obtained through tidal analysis. This research work aims at determination and assessment of the MSL for the Bonny port. Tidal data of 1980, 1994 and 2018 years of observation were employed using the Least Squares Adjustment method with MATLAB programming codes for data processing. The results of the monthly analysis were compared and subjected to statistical analysis (Mean, standard deviation, t-test and Analysis of variance (ANOVA). The difference between the computed 1980 yearly mean and that of 1994 is 3.0 mm; while that of 1994 and 2018 is 5.1 mm. The yearly variation for 1980 to 1994 is (3.0/14) mm = 0.20 mm; and for 1994 to 2018 is (5.1/24) mm = 0.21 mm. The variation for 1980 to 2018 is (0.20-0.21) mm. The results show gradual rise in MSL for the period of 1980 to 2018 as further explained by the month and the year variables. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is a gradual rise in sea level of about 0.01 mm for the period of study in Bonny which does not take into consideration the subsidence phenomenon. Although, the rate is low, however, the results suggest that the relative sea level could be much higher because there is a lot of fluid extraction.
Assessment of radioactivity and radiological hazards associated with clay bricks in Jalingo City and its metropolis, North-Eastern Nigeria
Authors: Kanu Maxwell Obia , Audu Nehemiah Bweseh , Kenda Lucky Peter , Targema Terkaa Victor , Idu Hyacinth Kevin
Published: February 2025

This study estimates the radiation safety of soils used in making clay bricks, a common building material in Jalingo City and its surrounding areas. The activity concentration of the natural radioactive elements 238U, 232Th, and 40K in the soils was measured using a gamma-ray spectrometer equipped with a 905-3 NaI (TI) crystal detector and a high photomultiplier measuring 7.62 cm by 7.62 cm. The average activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th, and 40K in the soils were 12.5±1.3, 26.7±1.7, and 65.1±5.2 Bqkg-1 respectively, all of which were lower than the global average concentrations. The research also assessed the Radium equivalent activity, absorbed dose rates, and other radiological hazard parameters relevant to building materials. The mean Radium equivalent activity was 55.69 Bqkg-1, below the safety limit of 370 Bqkg-1. Additionally, the mean outdoor absorbed dose rate was 24.64 nGyh-1, below the safety limit of 59.00 nGyh-1, and the mean indoor absorbed dose rate was 46.08 nGyh-1, below the safety limit of 84.00 nGyh-1. All assessed hazard parameters, including annual effective dose rates (indoor and outdoor), lifetime cancer risk, annual gonadal effective dose, representative level index, and both external and internal hazard indices, were well below the established global safety limits. The activity concentration of the primordial radionuclides and the radiological hazard parameters were also lower compared to other parts of Nigeria and the world. As a result, the study concluded that the soils and the buildings constructed with them are radiologically safe and pose no hazard threats to the occupants.
Antimicrobial activities, GC-Ms composition and proximate analysis of volatile oil extract from tumeric rhizomes (Curcuma longa)
Authors: Micheal Salome Stephen , Nuhu Abdullahi Maikudi , Abdullahi Musa Garba
Published: February 2025

This research investigated the antimicrobial activity, GC-MS, and proximate composition of turmeric rhizomes (Curcuma longa) using standard methods. The results showed turmeric contained crude protein (8.12%), lipid (5.75%), fiber (5.00%), ash (6.50%), moisture (10.20%), and carbohydrate (64.43%). Oil was extracted via the AOAC method using n-hexane. FTIR analysis identified functional groups, including OH, CH3, C=O, and C=C, within a wavenumber range of 4000–650 cm⁻¹. UV-Visible analysis revealed a peak at 415 nm, indicating conjugated systems and aromatic compounds. GC-MS identified 19 compounds, with turmerone and curlone being prominent, known for antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. Antimicrobial testing showed turmeric oil's significant effectiveness against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas sp., and Aspergillus sp. at varying concentrations.
Biodecolourization of textile effluent using biosurfactant produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis isolated from engine oil contaminated soil
Authors: Dalhat S.M. , Sanusi S.B. , Shehu I.
Published: February 2025

Biosurfactants can be characterized according to their chemical composition, molecular weight, physicochemical properties, mode of action and microbial origin. Microbial decolorization and degradation is an environment friendly and cost-competitive alternative to chemical decomposition processes. This study therefore was carried to with the aim to produce and characterized biosurfactants produced by Pseudomonas and Bacillus species for the decolorization of textile effluents. Bacteria from oil polluted soil was isolated by standard spread plate technique using nutrient agar. Extraction of biosurfactant was done using the acid precipitation method and the weight of the biosurfactant was determined. GCMS and FTIR analysis of the biosurfactant were carried out according to standard method, and the extent of decolourization caused by the biosurfactant was estimated and expressed as percentage (%) decolourization. The result indicated that the dry weight of biosurfactant produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa was estimated to be (1.2±0.03), while Bacillus subtilis was 1.38±0.02. The GC/MS analysis of the biosurfactant produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa was a rhamnolipid and detected 12 compounds present in the biosurfactant while the biosurfactant produced by Bacillus subtilis was glycolipid and the constituents present in the extract where 17 in numbers. Biosurfactants produced by Bacillus subtilis decolorized textile effluent by 67.7%; on the other hand, biosurfactant produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa decolorized textile effluent by 13.7%. Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa proved to be good biosurfactant producers and hence good in decolorization of textile dyes and effluents.
Screening of mutant fungi isolated from Romi River for potential to degrade refinery effluent
Authors: Bala Hafsat S. , Mohammed S.S.D. , Maiangwa Jonathan , Musa Nomsu
Published: February 2025

Environmental pollution implies any alterations in the surroundings; but it is restricted in use, especially to mean any deterioration in physical, chemical and biological qualities of the environment. This present study was carried out with the aim to screen and mutate fungi consortia isolated from Romi river for potential to degrade refinery effluent. Refinery effluent samples were collected aseptically into sterile bottles from under the storage tank in Kaduna Refining and Petrochemical Company (KRPC) Kaduna State, Nigeria using aseptic technique into sterile bottles. Physicochemical analysis was carried out using standard methods. Mycological analyses of the samples including the mutation of the fungal isolates were carried out using standard techniques. Identification of the mutated fungi isolated was achieved using both conventional and molecular technique. Results of the physicochemical properties of the samples indicated that most of the parameters were within the acceptable limit set by standard organizations, and parameters supported the survival and proliferation of the fungi. It was observed that Aspergillus niger had the highest percentage occurrence across the sampling sites (29.55%), followed by Aspergillus quadrilineatus (27.77%), Aspergillus fumigatus (22.73%), and Aspergillus versicolor (20.45%). In this study, A. versicolor and A. quadrilineatus were sensitive to UV radiation. There was moderate to maximum growth observed after eight days of screening.
Determination of the phytochemical properties of ethanolic and aqueous plant extracts of Euphorbia hirta towards the inhibition of dermatophytes
Authors: Sheriff S.S. , Emere M.C. , Dibal D.M.
Published: February 2025

Medicinal plants have evolved as essential preventive and therapeutic aids for various ailments. Approximately 2.5 million species of higher plants remain unexplored for their pharmacological activities. This study was aimed at screening of phytochemical properties of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of leaves, stem, flower, and whole parts of Euphorbia hirta extract. Fresh leaves, stem, flower and the whole plant of Euphorbia hirta were collected from the Centenary Park, opposite 44 Reference Army Hospital, Kaduna North, Kaduna, Nigeria. The entire plant was identified and authenticated by a Botanist from the department of Biological Sciences, NDA. The collected plant parts were processed in the laboratory using standard procedure. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the phytochemical properties of the leaves stem, and flower of Euphorbia hirta was carried out using standard method. Results obtained from this study indicated that aqueous extracts yielded mean values of 7.93 mg/g for flowers, 8.18 mg/g for leaves, 8.65 mg/g for stems, and 6.3 mg/g for the whole plant. For the ethanolic extracts, the highest value was observed in the stem with 5.8 mg/g, followed by the whole plant with 6.43 mg/g, the leaves with 5.35 mg/g, and the flowers with the lowest value at 0.84 mg/g. Phytochemical properties of E. hirta could be employ in the pharmacological studies as these compounds have been known to possess antimicrobial properties..