bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expert consensus on the management of brain arteriovenous malformations
Authors: Kato Yoko , Dong Van , Chaddad Feres , Takizawa Katsumi , Izumo Tsuyoshi , Fukuda Hitoshi , Hara Takayuki , Kikuta Kenichiro , Nakai Yasunobu , Endo Toshiki , Kurita Hiroki , Xu Bin , Beneš Vladimír , Christian Raftopoulos , Pavesi Giacomo , Hodaie Mojgan , Sharma Rajan , Agarwal Harshal , Mohan Krishna , Liew Boon
Published: November 2019

Brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) are complex, heterogeneous, and uncommon intracranial lesions. They can be treated by one or a combination of the following treatment modalities, namely embolization, radiosurgery, or microsurgical resection. In Spetzler-Martin Grade 4 and 5 arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), conservative management may be the best option. A group of experts in the management of AVMs of different disciplines gathered in January 2019 in Hanoi to compile the “Expert Consensus on the Management of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations”.
Prevalence of Plasmodium spp. in the Amazonian Border Context (French Guiana–Brazil): Associated Factors and Spatial Distribution
Authors: Mosnier Emilie , Roux Emmanuel , Cropet Claire , Lazrek Yassamine , Moriceau Olivier , Gaillet Mélanie , Mathieu Luana , Nacher Mathieu , Demar Magalie , Odonne Guillaume , Douine Maylis , Michaud Céline , Pelleau Stéphane , Djossou Félix , Musset Lise
Published: November 2019

To implement future malaria elimination strategies in French Guiana, a characterization of the infectious reservoir is recommended. A cross-sectional survey was conducted between October and December 2017 in the French Guianese municipality of St Georges de l’Oyapock, located along the Brazilian border. The prevalence of Plasmodium spp. was determined using a rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and a polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Demographic, house locations, medical history, and biological data were analyzed. Factors associated with Plasmodium spp. carriage were analyzed using logistic regression, and the carriage localization was investigated through spatial cluster analysis. Of the 1,501 samples analyzed with PCR, positive results totaled 90 and 10 for Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum, respectively. The general PCR prevalence was 6.6% [5.3–7.9], among which 74% were asymptomatic. Only 13/1,549 were positive by RDT. In multivariate analysis, participants older than 15 years, living in a remote neighborhood, with a prior history of malaria, anemia, and thrombocytopenia were associated with an increased odds of Plasmodium spp. carriage. High-risk clusters of P. vivax carriage were detected in the most remote neighborhoods on the village outskirts and two small foci in the village center. We also detected a hot spot for both P. vivax and P. falciparum symptomatic carriers in the northwestern part of the village. The present study confirms a wide-scale presence of asymptomatic P. falciparum and P. vivax carriers in this area. Although they were more often located in remote areas, their geographic distribution was spatially heterogeneous and complex.
Asymptomatic Orthopoxvirus Circulation in Humans in the Wake of a Monkeypox Outbreak among Chimpanzees in Cameroon
Authors: Guagliardo Sarah Anne J. , Monroe Benjamin , Moundjoa Christian , Athanase Ateba , Okpu Gordon , Burgado Jillybeth , Townsend Michael B. , Satheshkumar Panayampalli S. , Epperson Scott , Doty Jeffrey B. , Reynolds Mary G. , Dibongue Elisabeth , Etoundi Georges Alain , Mathieu Els , McCollum Andrea M.
Published: November 2019

Monkeypox virus is a zoonotic Orthopoxvirus (OPXV) that causes smallpox-like illness in humans. In Cameroon, human monkeypox cases were confirmed in 2018, and outbreaks in captive chimpanzees occurred in 2014 and 2016. We investigated the OPXV serological status among staff at a primate sanctuary (where the 2016 chimpanzee outbreak occurred) and residents from nearby villages, and describe contact with possible monkeypox reservoirs. We focused specifically on Gambian rats (Cricetomys spp.) because they are recognized possible reservoirs and because contact with Gambian rats was common enough to render sufficient statistical power. We collected one 5-mL whole blood specimen from each participant to perform a generic anti-OPXV ELISA test for IgG and IgM antibodies and administered a questionnaire about prior symptoms of monkeypox-like illness and contact with possible reservoirs. Our results showed evidence of OPXV exposures (IgG positive, 6.3%; IgM positive, 1.6%) among some of those too young to have received smallpox vaccination (born after 1980, n = 63). No participants reported prior symptoms consistent with monkeypox. After adjusting for education level, participants who frequently visited the forest were more likely to have recently eaten Gambian rats (OR: 3.36, 95% CI: 1.91–5.92, P < 0.001) and primate sanctuary staff were less likely to have touched or sold Gambian rats (OR: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.19–0.28, P < 0.001). The asymptomatic or undetected circulation of OPXVs in humans in Cameroon is likely, and contact with monkeypox reservoirs is common, raising the need for continued surveillance for human and animal disease.
Women Can’t Paint
Authors: Gørrill Helen
Published: November 2019

In 2013 Georg Baselitz declared that ‘women don’t paint very well’. Whilst shocking, his comments reveal what Helen Gørrill argues is prolific discrimination in the artworld. In a groundbreaking study of gender and value, Gørrill proves that there are few aesthetic differences in men and women’s painting, but that men’s art is valued at up to 80 per cent more than women’s. Indeed, the power of masculinity is such that when men sign their work it goes up in value, yet when women sign their work it goes down. Museums, the author attests, are also complicit in this vicious cycle as they collect tokenist female artwork which impinges upon its artists’ market value. An essential text for students and teachers, Gørrill’s book is provocative and challenges existing methodologies whilst introducing shocking evidence. She proves how the price of being a woman impacts upon all forms of artistic currency, be it social, cultural or economic and in the vanguard of the ‘Me Too’ movement calls for the artworld to take action.
Regulatory Delivery
Authors: Russell Graham , Hodges Christopher
Published: November 2019

This ground-breaking book addresses the challenge of regulatory delivery, defined as the way that regulatory agencies operate in practice to achieve the intended outcomes of regulation.

Regulatory reform is moving beyond the design of regulation to address what good regulatory delivery looks like. The challenge in practice is to operate a regulatory regime that is both appropriate and effective. Questions of how regulations are received and applied by those whose behaviour they seek to control, and the way they are enforced, are vital in securing desired regulatory outcomes.

This book, written by and for practitioners of regulatory delivery, explains the Regulatory Delivery Model, developed by Graham Russell and his team at the UK Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy. The model sets out a framework to steer improvements to regulatory delivery, comprising three prerequisites for regulatory agencies to be able to operate effectively (Governance Frameworks, Accountability and Culture) and three practices for regulatory agencies to be able to deliver societal outcomes (Outcome Measurement, Risk-based Prioritisation and Intervention Choices). These elements are explored by an international group of experts in regulatory delivery reform, with case studies from around the world.

Regulatory Delivery is the first product of members of the International Network for Delivery of Regulation.

Volume 10 in the series Civil Justice Systems
Nighttime O(1D) distributions in the mesopause region derived from SABER data
Authors: Kulikov Mikhail Yu. , Belikovich Mikhail V.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. In this study, the new source of O(1D) in the mesopause region proposed by Kalogerakis (2019) is applied to SABER data to estimate the nighttime O(1D) distributions for the years 2003–2005. It is found that O(1D) evolutions in these years are very similar to each other. Depending on the month, monthly averaged O(1D) distributions may have a pronounced maximum (up to 80–110 cm−3 in January and July) localized in height (at ~ 97 ± 4 km) and latitude (at ~ 52 ± 4° S or ~ 52 ± 4° N). The nightly averaged O(1D) concentrations may reach ~ 300 cm−3. The obtained results are useful data set for subsequent estimation of nighttime O(1D) influence on chemistry of the mesopause region.
What to do with Adorno’s Aesthetic Theory? An Interview with Jacques Rancière
Authors: Allerkamp Andrea , Genel Katia , Hazoume Mariem
Published: November 2019

What to do with Adorno’s Aesthetic Theory? An Interview with Jacques RancièreConducted by Andrea Allerkamp, Katia Genel, and Mariem HazoumeTranslated by Owen Glyn-WilliamsThis interview was originally published in French as “Que faire de la théorie esthétique d’Adorno ?”in Où en sommes-nousavec la Théorie esthétique d'Adorno ? (Pontcerq, 2018).
Rectitud y desviación del pensamiento en la lectura deleuziana de Kant
Authors: Pachilla Pablo Nicolás
Published: November 2019

El propósito del presente trabajo es examinar la concepción kantiana del pensamiento y de su negativo a la luz de la crítica deleuziana a la imagen del pensamiento. Luego de cotejar las afirmaciones del filósofo francés con la letra de Kant, sostendremos que, si el concepto de ilusión trascendental se aparta de la misma en tanto cuestiona la buena naturaleza de la razón y la afinidad del pensamiento con lo verdadero, la ilusión es conjurada mediante su legitimación moral y, así, Kant continúa postulando su rectitud natural. Mediante el análisis de la concepción kantiana del error, mostraremos asimismo que las afirmaciones deleuzianas relativas a la superación del concepto clásico de error como desviación del pensamiento por parte de Kant no pueden sostenerse sino que, por el contrario, Kant concebía las facultades como naturalmente rectas, pudiendo ser desviadas solo por interposiciones externas.
Social Influence and Individual Financial Behavior for Digital Banking: A Causal Study
Authors: Sikarwar Tarika Singh
Published: November 2019

Digital banking is a buzz word these days. There are many factors responsible for the adoption and usage of digital banking. The study is being done to known the factors of social influence, financial behaviour. The study had been done to check the causal association between these study variables in context of digital banking. The results showed presence of association between “social influence” and individual “financial behaviour” for digital banking where in “values” and belief are having mediating role. The “Values” and belief of the individual are influenced by the society in which individual lives and in turn they affect the “financial behaviour” of an individual. The outcomes of the study will aid the to know the role of “Social Influence” via “values” and belief on individual financial behavior specifically related to digital banking platforms or transactions.
Methodology to Measure the Benefits and Costs of Rural Road Closure: A Kansas Case Study
Authors: Babcock Michael W. , Alakshendra Abhinav
Published: November 2019

While rural roads are essential to state economies, increasing farm size and the corresponding increase in farm vehicle size coupled with declining rural population have stressed the rural road system. As county population declines the financial ability of counties to maintain and rebuild the road and bridge system isn’t keeping up with the rate of deterioration. If counties can’t maintain the rural road system as it currently exists, reducing the size of the system should be considered.

The overall objective of the paper is to estimate the economic impact on selected county road systems from reducing the size of the system. The specific objectives include (a) for a sample of three Kansas counties, measure the benefits and costs of keeping the road system as it currently exists and (b) for the same sample of Kansas counties, measure the benefits and costs of several scenarios of county road closure.

The main conclusion is that rural counties will be able to save money by closing some relatively low traffic volume roads and redirecting the savings toward increasing the quality of other county roads. Counties with relatively extensive road systems (miles of road per square mile) and relatively high population density are less likely to realize savings from road closure. In contrast, counties with less extensive road systems and relatively low population density are more likely to realize significant savings from closure of relatively low volume roads.
Does teaching methodology affect medication dosage calculation skills of undergraduate nursing students?
Authors: Riddle Kristie , Domiano Lindsay
Published: November 2019

One of the most critical functions of a nurse is the safe administration of medications. To ensure patient safety, nurses must be competent in medication dosage calculation (MDC) skills. It is imperative that nursing educators discover the most effective teaching methodology to ensure the greatest level of competency in MDC skills. The purpose of this causal-comparative quantitative study was to compare the effects of two teaching methodologies on senior-level nursing students’ completion of program MDC requirements, mathematics self-efficacy, and MDC competency at program end. The sample consisted of 94 senior-level bachelor’s degree nursing students from a southeastern United States university in the spring of 2015. Each participant completed a demographic questionnaire, Mathematics Self-Efficacy Scale (MSES), and MDC competency exam. Participants were assigned to one of two groups based on whether the participants completed MDC education in a stand-alone course or throughout the curriculum through self-learning modules. Chi-square and independent t-test results indicated that there were no statistical differences between the two groups (stand-alone course vs. self-learning modules) and ability to complete program MDC requirements, MSES scores, and MDC competency exam scores at program end. Data analysis using Chi-square and Fisher’s Exact tests indicated a statistically significant, but weak, correlation between MSES scores and MDC competency exam scores. Findings from this study indicate teaching MDC to nursing students using a stand-alone course versus self-learning modules produces the same results in the students’ ability to complete program MDC requirements, mathematics self-efficacy, and MDC competency at program end.
Camouflaging nursing research-related tasks in clinical practice–Experiences of newly-graduated masters of science in nursing
Authors: Bøttcher Berthelsen Connie , Vamosi Marianne , Martinsen Bente
Published: November 2019

Objective: To explore and describe how newly-graduated Masters of Science in Nursing experienced engaging in nursing research-related tasks in daily clinical practice.Methods: Fifteen nurses withholding a Masters of Science in Nursing degree were recruited from our longitudinal cohort study and interviewed six months after graduation in December 2016 (n = 10) and in December 2017 (n = 5), respectively. Data were analysed using Graneheim and Lundmann’s qualitative manifest and latent content analysis. Lincoln and Guba’s four criteria of trustworthiness were followed.Results: The main theme of the overall interpretation was Camouflaging nursing research-related tasks in clinical practice. The main theme describe the Master of Science in Nursing graduates as highly motivated to use their new academic skills in clinical practice and how they have to hide their engagement in research due to the barriers, which are outlined in the three themes: the position as time restrainer, the management as gatekeeper, and the nursing culture as norm setter.Conclusions: The study contributes with knowledge on how the Master of Science in Nursing graduates struggle to use their academic skills in clinical practice and how they felt the need to camouflage their commitment in research because it was not well reputed among their colleagues.
The Impact of Neuro-Linguistic Programming on English Language Teaching: Perceptions of NLP-Trained English Teachers
Authors: Keezhatta Muhammed Salim
Published: November 2019

This study aims at exploring the feasibility of Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP) in English Language Teaching (ELT) by analysing the perceptions of NLP-trained English teachers. The study applied a qualitative method based on interviews with 20 NLP-trained English teachers of high schools in India. To acquire an in-depth perspective of the extensive and comprehensive material available, the interview comprised open-ended detailed questions on the innovation, role, different techniques, and benefits and limitations of NLP, while also dwelling upon the different perceptions of NLP-trained language teachers, motivations of the learners towards NLP, and the positive changes brought about by NLP in the education sector. The researcher used a manual thematic analysis method to identify similarities in pattern while performing the analysis. Also, reliable studies from verifiable sources were selected for further analysis. Findings showed that NLP facilitated communication and encouraged learners of English. In addition, the finding strongly suggests NLP as an effective tool for developing teacher-student relationship and for promoting interactive learning environment.
Factors That Stimulate Project Managers to Consider Sustainability; Exploring the Stimulus Patterns of Canadian Project Managers
Authors: Poon Candy , Silvius Gilbert
Published: November 2019

As sustainability is being integrated into corporate strategies, the discussions on sustainability have moved from whether it should be addressed in strategy, to how it should be integrated into business practices. And as projects are a vehicle for the implementation of organizational strategies, it is suggested that consideration of sustainability should be integrated into the processes and practices of project management. A pivotal role in this integration is foreseen for the project manager. The project manager has a central position in the project, which provides the opportunity to influence many aspects of the project. However, an opportunity to act is be enough, as many factors or circumstances influence the actual behavior of the project manager with regards to sustainability.

In a European study into the factors that stimulate project managers to address sustainability, three distinct stimulus patterns were revealed. As national or societal culture is known to influence sustainability behavior, the study reported in this paper focuses on exploring the factors that stimulate Canadian project managers to consider sustainability in their projects.

Similar to the European study, this study revealed three distinct stimulus patterns, that were characterized as ‘Intrinsically motivated’, ‘Pragmatic’ and ‘Normative driven’. The findings of the study confirm the patterns of the earlier study to a large extent. Two of the three patterns of the studies showed similar characteristics. The third pattern of the studies showed partial similarity and partial difference, with the European project managers tending more towards the opportunities for implementation of sustainability, and the Canadian project managers putting more value on the alignment of personal and organizational values.
Zorgplicht: omgevingsrechtelijk instrument van de toekomst?
Authors: Tonnaer F.P.C.L. (Frans)
Published: November 2019

Zorgplicht: omgevingsrechtelijk instrument van de toekomst? ‘Een goed gekozen zorgplicht leidt tot wetgeving die aanmerkelijk bestendiger is dan gedetailleerde regels …’

Dit artikel gaat in op enkele belangrijke aspecten van de zorgplicht in het omgevingsrecht, zoals handhaafbaarheid en toepasbaarheid van het instrument van de zorgplicht in de verschillende gedaanten onder de komende Omgevingswet en AMvB’s.
»Ich würd‘ dann glaub ich voll untergehen…«
Authors: Mittertrainer Mina , Thiessen Barbara
Published: November 2019

Junge Frauen interessieren sich nicht für Politik - oder? Im Projekt »FRIDA - Frauen in die Kommunalpolitik« an der Hochschule Landshut wird dieser Frage auf den Grund gegangen. In sechs Gruppendiskussionen berichten junge Frauen über ihr Verhältnis zu Politik und was sie davon abhält, sich politisch zu engagieren.
Wirkungen Sozialer Arbeit messbar machen
Authors: Boecker Michael , Weber Michael
Published: November 2019

Die Beschäftigung mit Fragen der Wirksamkeit sozialer Dienstleistungen ist aktueller denn je zuvor. Auch wenn sich die am Dienstleistungsprozess Sozialer Arbeit beteiligten Akteure einig sind, dass eine Auseinandersetzung mit »Gelingensbedingungen« erfolgreicher Hilfegestaltung unbedingt notwendig erscheint, weichen die Einschätzungen bezüglich des Einsatzes bestimmter Messinstrumente und Verfahren stark voneinander ab.
Tecnologías Digitales en el Aprendizaje-Servicio para la Formación Ciudadana del Nuevo Milenio
Authors: Sandia S. Beatriz Elena , Montilva C. Jonas Arturo
Published: November 2019

La Sociedad Digital, caracterizada por la aceleración tecnológica, la producción de nuevos conocimientos, la disponibilidad y acceso a la información y la comunicación, interacción y colaboración a través de Internet, obliga a replantear la formación universitaria orientándola hacia el desarrollo de actitudes y competencias necesarias para una formación ciudadana adaptada a las necesidades de esta nueva sociedad.  Este trabajo presenta los resultados de un análisis documental de las competencias, habilidades, valores y actitudes que caracterizan la ciudadanía del nuevo milenio; además de cómo el enfoque educativo de aprendizaje-servicio juega un papel preponderante en la formación ciudadana promoviendo aquellas competencias que son pertinentes y necesarias al proporcionar oportunidades para conectar el currículo con la comunidad y desarrollar habilidades y actitudes de participación cívica. Así mismo, se presenta un modelo de referencia para la comprensión de los espacios virtuales para el aprendizaje-servicio (EVApS). Este modelo fue elaborado usando un enfoque sistémico que concibe a este tipo de tecnologías como sistemas abiertos, intencionales, formados por conjuntos de componentes heterogéneos, los cuales se interrelacionan para proporcionar a sus usuarios una funcionalidad que apoya los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje orientados al aprendizaje-servicio. Este modelo ayuda a comprender y diseñar EVApS de manera integral y sistemática; así como a identificar el conjunto de tecnologías digitales que pueden ser utilizadas para apoyar el desarrollo de competencias propias del aprendizaje-servicio durante la formación de la ciudadanía del nuevo milenio.
Aprendizaje-servicio y tecnologías digitales: un desafío para los espacios virtuales de aprendizaje
Authors: García-Gutiérrez Juan , Ruiz-Corbella Marta
Published: November 2019

Las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación han transformado nuestra forma de ver y actuar en el mundo, lo que ha derivado a que también en el sector educativo se haya experimentado una sacudida sin precedentes. Nadie cuestiona que los procesos de enseñanza aprendizaje se ven enriquecidos por las posibilidades que plantean las tecnologías, pero, a la vez, se debe ser consciente de que la educación debe iniciar a las nuevas generaciones a saber vivir e interactuar en un mundo tecnologizado e hiperconectado. Por otra parte, la educación superior atraviesa, pedagógicamente hablando, una etapa orientada a la innovación en la que el influjo tecnológico desempeña un rol indiscutible. Universidades de todas las regiones actualizan y revisan sus metodologías docentes y el papel que juega la innovación y la investigación en sus relaciones con la sociedad. Esto ha supuesto un redescubrimiento de la centralidad de los estudiantes en el proceso educativo, la necesidad de promover aprendizajes más prácticos en las titulaciones, además de desarrollar el compromiso cívico de los estudiantes. De esta forma, muchas universidades han implantado políticas de innovación centradas en el aprendizaje y el desarrollo de competencias. Un ejemplo paradigmático son los programas de aprendizaje-servicio que se desarrollan, de forma más o menos institucionalizada, en las instituciones universitarias presenciales y a distancia. Al potencial innovador del aprendizaje-servicio se suma las posibilidades transformadoras de las tecnologías digitales en la educación superior. Nuestro objetivo con este monográfico no es otro que analizar las dinámicas e interacciones que se producen entre ambos mundos: entornos virtuales, tecnologías digitales y aprendizaje-servicio.
Characteristics of the complete mitochondrial genome of the monotypic genus Arctictis (Family: Viverridae) and its phylogenetic implications
Authors: Mitra Siuli , Kunteepuram Vaishnavi , Koepfli Klaus-Peter , Mehra Neha , Tabasum Wajeeda , Sreenivas Ara , Gaur Ajay
Published: November 2019

The binturong (Arctictis binturong) is classified as a member of the subfamily Paradoxurinae within the family Viverridae (Carnivora: Mammalia) and comprises nine subspecies spread across Southern and Southeast Asia. Here, we describe the complete mitochondrial genome of the Indian subspecies A. b. albifrons using next-generation sequencing methods. The total length of the A. b. albifrons mitogenome was 16,642 bp. Phylogenetic analyses based on 13 mitochondrial protein-coding genes placed the binturong as a sister taxon to Paguma larvata within the Paradoxurinae and supported the clustering of Genettinae and Viverrinae and the monophyly of Viverridae and six other families of feliforms, consistent with previous studies. Divergence time estimates suggest that the Viverridae diversified during the Miocene (22.62 Mya: 95% CI [20.78–24.54] Mya) and that Arctictis and Paguma split 12.57 Mya (95% CI [8.66–15.67] Mya). Further molecular studies are required to test the distinctiveness and diversity of the nine putative subspecies of binturong.
Level of Knowledge on Prematurity and Its Complications in Women Seeking Care at Referral Hospitals in Mexico
Authors: Gutiérrez-Padilla José Alfonso , Monge-Diaz Julio César , Osorio-Euan Alejandro , Pacheco-Chi Karen Jacqueline , Leon Juan Carlos Barrera-de
Published: November 2019

Objective: To determine the level of knowledge that women had on risk factors for and complications of prematurity at a referral hospital.

Materials and Methods: This was a comparative transverse study conducted in 2015, including women seeking care at a referral hospital, dividing this population into four groups: 1. Pregnant, n=108 (37%), 2. Not pregnant, n=85 (29%), 3. Women seeking an ophthalmological appointment for their prematurely born infant, n=13 (5%), and 4. Women with babies in Neonatal Intensive Care Units, n=85 (29%). Inferential statistics with chi-squared and Mann–Whitney U tests were applied using SPSS ver. 21.0 statistical software package.

Results: The population of women in its majority lived in a common-law marriage and had a secondary-school education. Knowledge of neonatal risk factors included smoking, n=239 (82%) alcoholism, n=236 (81%) diabetes, n=176 (61%), hypertension, n=210 (72%), and fever, n=123 (42%). Significant differences among this study groups were found in relation to the following risk factors for and complication of prematurity; alcoholism, p=0.001; diabetes, p=0.012; the infant’s eye problems, p=0.004; the infant’s language problems, p=0.036, and retinopathy of the premature infant, p=0.027. Differences were found on comparing adolescent with older mothers in terms of knowledge of risk factors, p=0.000 and knowledge of long-term prematurity complications, p=0.005.

Conclusion: The principal risk factors identified by mothers were smoking, alcoholism, and diabetes. The most frequently referred complications in the prematurely born infant were those that presented at the short term, mainly ocular and language problem complications.
Effects of Reflexology Strategy on the Mothers Breast Milk Volume and Their Premature Weight Gain
Authors: Allam Nehal A.
Published: November 2019

Background: Reflexology means the application of the manual the pressure to specific points of the feet called "reflex points" that are believed to correspond to other parts of the body. The study aimed to assess the effect of reflexology strategy on the mother’s breast milk volume and their premature weight gain.

Design: An experimental design was used to conduct the study. A convenience sample of 120 Primiparous mothers and their preterm infants was chosen based on systematic simple random.

Methods: Three tools were designed by the researchers to collect the necessary data to implement the reflexology strategy framework. 1.Structured interview questionnaire sheet, 2. Assessment observational checklist sheet for Premature using 2 scales: A. Transitioning from tube feeds to oral feeds, B. The Preterm Infant Breastfeeding Behavior Scale, three Evaluation Phase observational checklist based on Mother-Infant- Breastfeeding Progress Tool (MIBPT):

Statistical Analysis: The collected data were coded, analyzed, figured and tabulated using frequencies and percentage, mean, standard deviation & chi-square tests.

Results:  There were a statistically significant difference and marked improvement in reflexology group total scores of feeding performance (P < 0.001) after intervention for 6 weeks approved of reflexology strategy. Reflexology group majority (88.3%) demonstrated good breastfeeding as compared to (55.2%) in the study group.   

Conclusion: The present study highlights the effect of reflexology strategy on the mother’s satisfaction, breast milk volume, and their premature weight gain. On the other hand, intervention accelerates the early transition of premature from the tube feeding to breastfeeding and discharge from the hospital.

Recommendation: In-service education program could be designed and implemented in the pediatric field to enable the nurses to apply reflexology strategy to improve empower early transitioning of the preterm from tube feeds to breastfeeding and early discharge. Reflexology strategy is non-pharmacological, simple, noninvasive and cheap technique would be welcomed by the nurses, physicians and mothers.
Effects of weather and hunting on wild reindeer population dynamics in Hardangervidda National Park
Authors: Bargmann Tessa , Wheatcroft Edward , Imperio Simona , Vetaas Ole R.
Published: November 2019

Wild reindeer have a range that extends across the circumpolar region. In the last few decades, however, populations of wild reindeer have been on the decline. The reasons for these declines are poorly understood, but are suggested to be linked to both local and global climatic factors, disease, and human interference. Hardangervidda plateau in Norway is home to the largest wild reindeer population in Europe, and is at the southern end of its European range. This population is therefore of particular importance, particularly in the light of climate change. We investigated how weather and hunting have affected the wild reindeer population in Hardangervidda over the last two decades. Our findings suggest that the wild reindeer population in Hardangervidda is most affected by winter temperature and hunting, where colder temperatures and lower harvest rates typically result in higher growth rates. We did not find significant evidence for linear density dependence. Our results show trends across Hardangervidda, and give an indication of how region‐wide weather and hunting pressure can affect the wild reindeer population. As new data emerge, future investigations should look into the existence and nature of density dependence and the influence of other weather and human disturbance related factors.
Viewpoint: From Responsive to Adaptive and Interactive Materials and Materials Systems: A Roadmap
Authors: Walther Andreas
Published: November 2019

Soft matter systems and materials are moving toward adaptive and interactive behavior, which holds outstanding promise to make the next generation of intelligent soft materials systems inspired from the dynamics and behavior of living systems. But what is an adaptive material? What is an interactive material? How should classical responsiveness or smart materials be delineated? At present, the literature lacks a comprehensive discussion on these topics, which is however of profound importance in order to identify landmark advances, keep a correct and noninflating terminology, and most importantly educate young scientists going into this direction. By comparing different levels of complex behavior in biological systems, this Viewpoint strives to give some definition of the various different materials systems characteristics. In particular, the importance of thinking in the direction of training and learning materials, and metabolic or behavioral materials is highlighted, as well as communication and information‐processing systems. This Viewpoint aims to also serve as a switchboard to further connect the important fields of systems chemistry, synthetic biology, supramolecular chemistry and nano‐ and microfabrication/3D printing with advanced soft materials research. A convergence of these disciplines will be at the heart of empowering future adaptive and interactive materials systems with increasingly complex and emergent life‐like behavior.
Advanced Materials and Device Architectures for Magnetooptical Spatial Light Modulators
Authors: Kharratian Soheila , Urey Hakan , Onbaşlı Mehmet C.
Published: November 2019

Faraday and Kerr rotations are magnetooptical (MO) effects used for rotating the polarization of light in transmission and reflection from a magnetized medium, respectively. MO effects combined with intrinsically fast magnetization reversal, which can go down to a few tens of femtoseconds or less, can be applied in magnetooptical spatial light modulators (MOSLMs) promising for nonvolatile, ultrafast, and high‐resolution spatial modulation of light. With the recent progress in low‐power switching of magnetic and MO materials, MOSLMs may lead to major breakthroughs and benefit beyond state‐of‐the‐art holography, data storage, optical communications, heads‐up displays, virtual and augmented reality devices, and solid‐state light detection and ranging (LIDAR). In this study, the recent developments in the growth, processing, and engineering of advanced materials with high MO figures of merit for practical MOSLM devices are reviewed. The challenges with MOSLM functionalities including the intrinsic weakness of MO effect and large power requirement for switching are assessed. The suggested solutions are evaluated, different driving systems are investigated, and resulting device architectures are benchmarked. Finally, the research opportunities on MOSLMs for achieving integrated, high‐contrast, and low‐power devices are presented.
Transferable GaN Enabled by Selective Nucleation of AlN on Graphene for High‐Brightness Violet Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Jia Yanqing , Ning Jing , Zhang Jincheng , Yan Chaochao , Wang Boyu , Zhang Yachao , Zhu Jiaduo , Shen Xue , Dong Jianguo , Wang Dong , Hao Yue
Published: November 2019

A transferable GaN epilayer is grown on an improved aluminum nitride (AlN)/graphene composite substrate. In this study, theoretical calculations using first‐principles calculations based on density functional theory are carefully conducted to further examine the formation mechanism of AlN on graphene. AlN selectively grows on graphene via its optimal nucleation site, which leads to the selective nucleation of AlN on graphene via quasi‐van der Waals epitaxy. Thus, an AlN composite nucleation layer is innovatively inserted between graphene and GaN, using the time‐distributed and constant‐pressure growth method by metal organic chemical vapor deposition. Moreover, a high‐quality GaN epilayer can be grown while ensuring the successful exfoliation of GaN by overcoming weak van der Waals forces between the graphene and the epilayer. The as‐fabricated violet light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) deliver an ultrahigh light output power. This method demonstrates the possibility of achieving a high‐quality vertical structure for LEDs and the ability to mechanically transfer to achieve flexible lighting.
Electrochemical Difunctionalization of Olefines: Access to Selenomethyl‐Substituted Cyclic Ethers or Lactones
Authors: Meng Xiu‐Jin , Zhong Ping‐Fu , Wang Yu‐Mei , Wang Heng‐Shan , Tang Hai‐Tao , Pan Ying‐Ming
Published: November 2019

A metal‐ and oxidant‐free electrochemical method for preparing selenomethyl‐substituted cyclic ethers or lactones via difunctionalization of olefines is presented. A series of selenomethyl‐substituted cyclic ethers, particularly 9‐ and 11‐ membered, selenomethyl‐substituted lactones (4‐6 membered), and selenomethyl‐substituted phthalides can be obtained via this reaction. This method features convenient operation, an electron as oxidant, and ammonium iodide as electrolyte, thereby making it a green synthesis method.

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Microfluidic‐Architected Nanoarrays/Porous Core–Shell Fibers toward Robust Micro‐Energy‐Storage
Authors: Meng Jinku , Wu Guan , Wu Xingjiang , Cheng Hengyang , Xu Zhi , Chen Su
Published: November 2019

Methods enabling the controllable fabrication of orderly structural and active nanomaterials, along with high‐speed ionic pathways for charge migration and storage are highly fundamental in fiber‐shaped micro‐supercapacitors (MSCs). However, due to fiber‐electrodes with compact internal microstructure and less porosity, MSCs usually display a low energy density. Here, an innovative microfluidic strategy is proposed to design ordered porous and anisotropic core–shell fibers based on nickel oxide arrays/graphene nanomaterials. Owing to the homogeneous microchannels reaction, the graphene core maintains a uniformly anisotropic porous structure, and the nickel oxide shell keeps steadily vertically aligned nanosheets. The MSC presents an ultrahigh energy density (120.3 µWh cm−2) and large specific capacitance (605.9 mF cm−2). This higher performance originates from the microfluidic‐architected core–shell fiber with abundant ionic channels (plentiful micro‐/mesopores), large specific‐surface‐area (425.6 m2 g−1), higher electrical conductivity (176.6 S cm−1), and sufficient redox activity, facilitating ions with quicker diffusion and greater accumulation. Considering those outstanding properties, a wearable self‐powered system, converting and storing solar energy into electric energy, is designed to light up displays. This microfluidic strategy offers an effective way to design new structural materials, which will advance the development of next‐generation wearable/smart industries.
Controversies in preoperative therapy in esophageal cancer: Current evidence and ongoing research
Authors: Ashok Apurva , Tiwari Virendra , Jiwnani Sabita , Karimundackal George , Pramesh C. S.
Published: November 2019

Esophageal cancer incidence is growing worldwide, especially adenocarcinomas in the western world. Outcomes overall are universally poor, with the best survival seen in earlier stages of the disease, where surgery is the mainstay of treatment. Although squamous cell cancers and adenocarcinomas of the esophagus have different etiology, clinical features, biological behavior and prognosis, earlier research studies have frequently combined the two histologies. Several trials in the past three decades have been carried out in the neoadjuvant, adjuvant and perioperative settings in attempts to improve survival further. Most of the initial studies were small and underpowered, and showed no benefit with neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment over surgery alone. More recent well‐designed trials have now established that the neoadjuvant (in squamous and adenocarcinomas) and the perioperative (in adenocarcinomas) strategies result in superior outcomes compared to surgery alone. However, the optimum neoadjuvant strategy has still not been identified, with both neoadjuvant chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy (both followed by surgery) showing superior outcomes over surgery alone. Direct comparisons of these two neoadjuvant protocols have not shown a clear benefit of one over the other, although more trials are ongoing and may settle this debate. Future studies using personalized medicine and immunotherapy are required to evaluate their role in the management of esophageal cancers.
Trabecular variation in the first metacarpal and manipulation in hominids
Authors: Dunmore Christopher J. , Bardo Ameline , Skinner Matthew M. , Kivell Tracy L.
Published: November 2019

Objectives

The dexterity of fossil hominins is often inferred by assessing the comparative manual anatomy and behaviors of extant hominids, with a focus on the thumb. The aim of this study is to test whether trabecular structure is consistent with what is currently known about habitually loaded thumb postures across extant hominids.

Materials and methods

We analyze first metacarpal (Mc1) subarticular trabecular architecture in humans (Homo sapiens, n = 10), bonobos (Pan paniscus, n = 10), chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes, n = 11), as well as for the first time, gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla, n = 10) and orangutans (Pongo sp., n = 1, Pongo abelii, n = 3 and Pongo pygmaeus, n = 5). Using a combination of subarticular and whole‐epiphysis approaches, we test for significant differences in relative trabecular bone volume (RBV/TV) and degree of anisotropy (DA) between species.

Results

Humans have significantly greater RBV/TV on the radiopalmar aspects of both the proximal and distal Mc1 subarticular surfaces and greater DA throughout the Mc1 head than other hominids. Nonhuman great apes have greatest RBV/TV on the ulnar aspect of the Mc1 head and the palmar aspect of the Mc1 base. Gorillas possessed significantly lower DA in the Mc1 head than any other taxon in our sample.

Discussion

These results are consistent with abduction of the thumb during forceful “pad‐to‐pad” precision grips in humans and, in nonhuman great apes, a habitually adducted thumb that is typically used in precision and power grips. This comparative context will help infer habitual manipulative and locomotor grips in fossil hominins.
Tiara[5]arenes: Synthesis, Solid‐State Conformational Studies, Host–Guest Properties, and Application as Nonporous Adaptive Crystals
Authors: Yang Weiwei , Samanta Kushal , Wan Xintong , Thikekar Tushar Ulhas , Chao Yang , Li Shunshun , Du Ke , Xu Jun , Gao Yan , Zuilhof Han , Sue Andrew C.‐H.
Published: November 2019

Tiara[5]arenes (T[5]s), a new class of five‐fold symmetric oligophenolic macrocycles that are not accessible from the addition of formaldehyde to phenol, were synthesized for the first time. These pillar[5]arene‐derived structures display both unique conformational freedom, differing from that of pillararenes, with a rich blend of solid‐state conformations and excellent host–guest interactions in solution. Finally we show how this novel macrocyclic scaffold can be functionalized in a variety of ways and used as functional crystalline materials to distinguish uniquely between benzene and cyclohexane.
Crystal‐Phase‐Engineered PdCu Electrocatalyst for Enhanced Ammonia Synthesis
Authors: Tong Wu , Huang Bolong , Wang Pengtang , Li Leigang , Shao Qi , Huang Xiaoqing
Published: November 2019

Crystal phase engineering is a powerful strategy for regulating the performance of electrocatalysts towards many electrocatalytic reactions, while its impact on the nitrogen electroreduction has been largely unexplored. Herein, we demonstrate that structurally ordered body‐centered cubic (BCC) PdCu nanoparticles can be adopted as active, selective, and stable electrocatalysts for ammonia synthesis. Specifically, the BCC PdCu exhibits excellent activity with a high NH3 yield of 35.7 μg h−1 mg−1cat, Faradaic efficiency of 11.5 %, and high selectivity (no N2H4 is detected) at −0.1 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, outperforming its counterpart, face‐centered cubic (FCC) PdCu, and most reported nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) electrocatalysts. It also exhibits durable stability for consecutive electrolysis for five cycles. Density functional theory calculation reveals that strong orbital interactions between Pd and neighboring Cu sites in BCC PdCu obtained by structure engineering induces an evident correlation effect for boosting up the Pd 4d electronic activities for efficient NRR catalysis. Our findings open up a new avenue for designing active and stable electrocatalysts towards NRR.
Chirality Induction through Nano‐Phase Separation: Alternating Network Gyroid Phase by Thermotropic Self‐Assembly of X‐Shaped Bolapolyphiles
Authors: Chen Changlong , Kieffer Robert , Ebert Helgard , Prehm Marko , Zhang Rui‐bin , Zeng Xiangbing , Liu Feng , Ungar Goran , Tschierske Carsten
Published: November 2019

The single gyroid phase as well as the alternating double network gyroid, composed of two alternating single gyroid networks, hold a significant place in ordered nanoscale morphologies for their potential applications as photonic crystals, metamaterials and templates for porous ceramics and metals. Here, we report the first alternating network cubic liquid crystals. They form through self‐assembly of X‐shaped polyphiles, where glycerol‐capped terphenyl rods lie on the gyroid surface while semiperfluorinated and aliphatic side‐chains fill their respective separate channel networks. This new self‐assembly mode can be considered as a two‐color symmetry‐broken double gyroid morphology, providing a tailored way to fabricate novel chiral structures with sub‐10 nm periodicities using achiral compounds.
Untargeted Tumor Metabolomics with Liquid Chromatography–Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Xiao Lifu , Wang Chuanqi , Dai Chen , Littlepage Laurie E. , Li Jun , Schultz Zachary D.
Published: November 2019

Metabolomics is a powerful systems biology approach that monitors changes in biomolecule concentrations to diagnose and monitor health and disease. However, leading metabolomics technologies, such as NMR and mass spectrometry (MS), access only a small portion of the metabolome. Now an approach is presented that uses the high sensitivity and chemical specificity of surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for online detection of metabolites from tumor lysates following liquid chromatography (LC). The results demonstrate that this LC‐SERS approach has metabolite detection capabilities comparable to the state‐of‐art LC‐MS but suggest a selectivity for the detection of a different subset of metabolites. Analysis of replicate LC‐SERS experiments exhibit reproducible metabolite patterns that can be converted into barcodes, which can differentiate different tumor models. Our work demonstrates the potential of LC‐SERS technology for metabolomics‐based diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
Additive‐Free Green Light‐Induced Ligation Using BODIPY Triggers
Authors: Li Ming , Dove Andrew P. , Truong Vinh X.
Published: November 2019

Photochemical ligation is important in biomaterials engineering for spatiotemporal control of biochemical processes. Such reactions however generally require activation by high energy UV or short wavelength blue light, which can limit their use as a consequence of the potential of these high energy light sources to damage living cells. Herein, we present an additive‐free, biocompatible, chemical ligation triggered by mild visible light. BODIPY dyes with a pendant thioether attached at the meso‐position undergo photolysis of the [C−S] bond under green light (λ=530 nm) excitation, producing an ion pair intermediate that can react specifically with a propiolate group. The utility of this photochemical ligation in materials science is demonstrated by the fabrication of hydrogels with specific architectures, photo‐immobilization of biomacromolecules, and live cell encapsulation within a hydrogel scaffold.