bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synergistic Antiviral Activity of European Black Elderberry Fruit Extract and Quinine Against SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A Virus
Authors: Setz Christian , Rauch Pia , Setz Melanie , Breitenberger Stephan , Plattner Stephan , Schubert Ulrich
Published: February 2025

The persistent threat of emerging respiratory RNA viruses like SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A virus (IAV) necessitates the continuous development of effective, safe, broadly acting and gener-ally accessible antiviral agents. Current treatments often face limitations such as early admin-istration requirements, resistance development, and limited global access. Natural products like European black elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) fruit extract and quinine have been used histori-cally against viral infections. In this study, we investigated the antiviral efficacy of a standard-ized black elderberry fruit extract containing 3.2 % anthocyanins (EC 3.2) and, as a second natu-ral antiviral product, quinine, against IAV and SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. Madin-Darby Canine Kid-ney II (MDCKII) cells were infected with IAV PR-8, while human Calu-3 lung epithelial cells were infected with SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan type. Cells were treated with varying concentrations of EC 3.2 and quinine as either mono– or combinational therapy. Viral replication was assessed using quantitative RT-PCR, and cell viability was evaluated using WST-1 assays. Our results demonstrate for the first time that both EC 3.2 and quinine individually inhibited IAV replica-tion in a dose-dependent manner, with IC₅₀ values of approximately 1:400 for EC 3.2 and 250 nM for quinine. Most importantly, the combinational treatment exhibited a strong synergistic anti-viral effect, as confirmed by the Bliss independence model (synergy scores of 14.7 for IAV and 27.8 for SARS-CoV-2) without affecting cell viability. These findings suggest that the combined use of black elderberry extract and quinine may serve as an effective antiviral strategy against IAV and SARS-CoV-2. The synergistic effect allows for lower doses of each product while keep-ing therapeutic efficacy. In summary, this combinational approach should be expanded to other respiratory RNA viruses, and thus might offer a promising avenue for pandemic preparedness. Moreover, the in vitro data obtained in this study have to be confirmed in clinical studies.
An Advanced Pneumatic Compression Therapy System Improves Leg Volume and Fluid, Adipose Tissue Thickness, Symptoms, Quality of Life, and Reduces Risk of Lymphedema in Women with Lipedema
Authors: Herbst Karen L. , Zelaya Carlos , Sommerville Marianne , Zimmerman Tatiana , McHutchison Lindy
Published: February 2025

Lipedema is a painful disease of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in women. This study determined whether an advanced pneumatic compression device (APCD) improved lipedema SAT depth, swelling and pain. Women with lipedema started 20-30 mm Hg compression leggings then were randomized to an APCD (Lympha Press Optimal Plus) for 30 days (Treatment; n=22) or no APCD (Control; n=24). APCD Treatment significantly reduced left leg volume (3D imaging, LymphaTech; P<0.043) and fluid in the left (P=0.0018) and right legs (P=0.0476; SOZO, bioimpedance spectroscopy); Controls showed no change. Treatment significantly decreased extracellular fluid (ECF) and intracellular fluid (ICF) in left (P=0.0077; P=0.0060) and right legs (P=0.0476; P≤0.025), respectively. Only ECF decreased significantly in the left (P<0.0183) and right legs (P=0.0009) in Controls. SAT depth decreased significantly by ultrasound after Treatment at the anterior (P≤0.0234) and medial thigh (P≤0.0052), medial knee (P≤0.0002) and posterior calf (P≤0.0118) but not in Controls. All signs and symptoms of lipedema improved in the Treatment group including swelling (P=0.0005) and tenderness (pain) of right (P=0.0003) and left legs (P<0.0001); only swelling improved in Controls (P=0.0377). 87.5% of SF-36 quality of life improved after Treatment (P≤0.0351) compared to 37.5% in Controls (P≤0.0475). APCDs are effective treatment for lipedema.
Variational Autoencoders for Completing the Volatility Surfaces
Authors: Nteumagne Bienvenue Feugang , Donfack Hermann Azemtsa , Wafo Soh Celestin
Published: February 2025

Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) have emerged as a promising tool for modeling volatility surfaces, with particular significance for generating synthetic implied volatility scenarios that enhance risk management capabilities. This study evaluates VAE performance using synthetic volatility surfaces, chosen specifically for their arbitrage-free properties and clean data characteristics. We demonstrate how these synthetic surfaces can serve as powerful tools for stress testing and scenario analysis, enabling risk managers to explore extreme market conditions that may not be present in historical data. Through a comparative analysis between traditional encoder-decoder reconstruction and latent space optimization methods, we explicitly test the resulting surfaces for arbitrage violations. Our results demonstrate that accurate, arbitrage-free surface reconstruction is achievable using only 5\% of the original data points, facilitating rapid generation of diverse implied volatility scenarios. This finding has important implications for market risk analysis, derivatives pricing, and the development of more robust risk management frameworks. The ability to generate synthetic yet realistic volatility surfaces enables more comprehensive stress testing, helps identify potential model vulnerabilities, and supports the validation of pricing and risk models across a wider range of market conditions than historical data alone would permit.
Physicochemical Properties and In Vitro Dissolution of Edible Film Based on Starch-Chitosan Used as a Potential Oral Drug Carrier: Model Using Acetaminophen
Authors: Caicedo Carolina , Ramírez Natalia , Portilla Leidy , Saldaña Laura , Foseca-García Abril
Published: February 2025

This work aimed to evaluate the effect of incorporating a type model active pharmaceutical ingredient in an orally disintegrating film (ODF) based on starch and chitosan on the physicochemical and thermodynamic surface properties. The ODFs were formed using the solvent casting method, with a thickness of 0.04 mm. Chemical analysis performed by vibrational spectroscopy showed strong intermolecular interactions between the components of the polymeric matrix. XRD structural analysis confirmed these interactions from the decrease in crystallinity in the biopolymeric compounds; the active pharmaceutical ingredient did not present changes in the ordering. The inclusion of the drug maintained the hydrophilicity with contact angle values around 62°. However, the water absorption values had increased for the TPS-CH-M-A film by ~90%. The adequate particle dispersion was shown in the SEM of acetaminophen which facilitated the opening of the polymer chains, which increased the soluble solids content in contact with water. Also, the mechanical properties were not affected by the incorporation of acetaminophen particles, the tensile strength values of the polymeric blend were around 24 MPa and the elongation at break was around 4.0%, in the ODF the toughness increased by 8%. These factors allowed disintegration times of 48 s, in vitro dissolution times of 10 min to release ~73% of acetaminophen, and 15 min to release all the active ingredients. Therefore, the chitosan starch-based ODF containing acetaminophen represents a promising system for use in the delivery of pharmaceutical active ingredients.
Evaluation of Window-to-Wall Ratio, Shading Devices, and Site Vegetation for Enhanced Daylight Availability—Optimizing Fenestration Design in Chennai School Classrooms
Authors: J Jeyaradha , S Lakshmi
Published: February 2025

Daylight plays a crucial role in enhancing the physical and mental well-being of occupants, particularly students who spend approximately fourteen years of their early life in school classrooms. The built environment significantly influences students' intelligence, performance, health, and psychological well-being. Although the minimum illuminance level of 300 lux is mandated by National building code 2016, it is not spelt out clear in the conformance report of educational department. So, lighting remains undefined and unregulated, primarily due to the subjectivity of light perception among users. This study assesses the existing scenario of a classroom for illuminance levels by field measurements and computational daylight simulations using Rhinoceros 8.0 with Climate Studio plugins. The research aims to establish quantifiable relationships between key parameters such as window-to-wall ratio, annual sun exposure, spatial daylight autonomy, sunshade depth with respect to vegetation; and propose window optimization strategies tailored to different site conditions, ensuring that classrooms consistently meet the required illuminance levels. It was found that there is a significant impact of trees, window-to-wall ratio and sunshade depths on the daylight. These findings are useful to researchers and the architects to take informed decisions in the pre design stage for sustainable design solutions.
Spatiotemporal Evolution and Regulatory Pathways of Land Use Transition and Carbon Emission Effects in the Pearl River Delta: A Resilience Perspective
Authors: Wang Wei , Hu Yueming , Chen Xiaoyuan , MAO Xiao yun , Zhang Ying , Tang Liangbo , Cai Junxing
Published: February 2025

The coupling relationship between land use transition and carbon emissions is a critical scientific issue for achieving regional carbon neutrality. This study integrates dynamic land use models, geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR), and a framework to assess the exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity to carbon emissions in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region from 2000 to 2020. The key findings include the following. (1) Construction land expansion dominated explicit land use transition (88.79%). The land use sources shifted from cropland to multiple land use/cover types, including cropland, woodland, and water. (2) The implicit land use morphology index exhibited an annual growth rate of 15.6%, characterized by three phases (rapid development, steady adjustment, and high-quality transition), indicating increasing resilience to advanced transformation. (3) Total carbon emissions increased by 186.96% with significant spatial heterogeneity (Guangzhou > Foshan > Shenzhen > Dongguan). The area of construction land scale and GDP per unit area were key drivers, and industrial structure optimization contributed 26.7% to emission reduction. (4) The carbon emission resilience index (CRI) rose from 0.53 to 0.58, with high values in Shenzhen and Zhangshan and low values in Jiangmen and Zhaoqing, indicating technological innovation and policy synergy were critical pathways. This research provides scientific support for low-carbon land management strategies in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.
The Toxicity of RNA Polymerase Inhibitors Opens the Door to New Drug Generation<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 18.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'; font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold;"> Modulating Longevity
Authors: Helaly Ahmed Mohamed , Ghorab Doaa
Published: February 2025

There are many RNA polymerase inhibitors, such as rifampicin, which acts as an antituberculosis agent, and relatively new antiviral drugs, such as sofosbuvir. These drugs have a safe profile and strong efficacy in treating tuberculosis and hepatitis C infections. Studies have shown that high doses of these compounds promote cell longevity (prolonging life span) in humans. It is hypothesized that these drugs also affect human RNA polymerases at high doses. We predicted that such inhibition inhibits the RNA transcription machinery, which is considered a pacemaker of the biological clock. It is important to shift research to human RNA polymerase modulators to develop new versions of drugs treating diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders. Although there is no data about the crystal structure of the human RNA polymerase, the mammalian and even the bacterial structures look conserved. It is important to raise concerns about cancer risk from potential new drugs targeting RNA polymerase. However, adding adjuvant therapy, such as vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors, to RNA polymerase inhibitors can be a wise strategy at the end of the tunnel. The speed of RNA polymerase elongation modulates longevity. Aging affects the transcription machinery, and transcription activity affects longevity, creating a loop.
Activation of Nrf2 Neuroprotective Pathways for Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease: A State of Art Review
Authors: Bougea Anastasia
Published: February 2025

(1) Background: Since there is no definite cure for Parkinsons Disease (PD) there is a growing interest for novel therapeutical agents with neuroprotective potential. Aim of this review is to update the knowledge of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2) as neuroprotective agent ; (2) Methods: briefly describe the main methods or treatments applied; (3) Results: Activation of Nrf2, a transcription factor that regulates the expression of antioxidant and cytoprotective genes, has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for PD. Nrf2 is a master regulator of the cellular antioxidant response and is responsible for activating the expression of genes that encode antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. These enzymes help to neutralize ROS and protect cells from oxidative damage. Nrf2 also regulates the expression of genes involved in the detoxification of harmful substances and the repair of damaged DNA. In addition to its antioxidant and cytoprotective functions, Nrf2 has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties that can help to alleviate the neuroinflammation associated with PD. Pharmacological agents such as sulforaphane, curcumin, and resveratrol have been shown to activate Nrf2 and upregulate the expression of antioxidant genes in preclinical PD models . These compounds work by disrupting the interaction between Nrf2 and its negative regulator, Keap1, leading to the translocation of Nrf2 into the nucleus where it can activate the expression of cytoprotective genes. Clinical trials are currently underway to evaluate the efficacy of these pharmacological agents in patients with PD. (4) Conclusions: While the neuroprotective role of Nrf2 in PD holds great promise for the development of novel therapies, there are several challenges and limitations that need to be addressed in order to harness the full potential of this pathway in the clinic. Overcoming these obstacles will require interdisciplinary collaborations, innovative research approaches, and a greater understanding of the complex pathophysiology of PD. By addressing these challenges, we can move closer to developing effective neuroprotective therapies that can slow or stop the progression of PD and improve the quality of life for patients with this devastating disease.
Prevalence of Ethical Issues in Patients with Advanced Cancer: Secondary Analysis of Pooled Data from the Development and Validation Cohorts of the PALCOM Scale for Complexity of Palliative Care Needs
Authors: Tuca Albert , Viladot Margarita , Barrera Carmen , Chicote Manoli , Gabarró Teresa , Carrera Gemma , Pascual Anais , Font Elena , Angulo Elena , Hernández-Godoy Ester , Marco-Hernández Javier , Llavata Lucia , Padrosa Joan , Zamora-Martínez Carles , Codorniu Nuria
Published: February 2025

Introduction: The life experience of patients with advanced cancer and limited life expectancy is unique and profoundly complex, often leading to moral discrepancies among the various individuals involved in decision-making. There is no data in the literature on the prevalence of ethical issues in the end-of-life care of patients with ad-vanced cancer. Objectives: The primary objective of this study is to identify the overall and specific prevalence of ethical issues in the end-of-life care process for patients with advanced cancer. Method: We conducted a secondary analysis of pooled data from the prospective development and validation cohorts of the PALCOM scale for the complexity of palliative care needs. This was done to determine the overall and specific prevalence of ethical issues, describe their evolution over a 6-month follow-up period, and their association with the level of palliative care complexity. Results: A total of 607 patients with advanced cancer and a life expectancy of ≤ 6 months were included. The absence of significant differences in clinical data and the frequencies of the PALCOM scale domains between the development and validation cohorts, conducted in different settings and times, confirmed the reliability of the pooled data sample. Systematic application of the PALCOM scale identified 126 patients (20.7%) who experienced at least one ethical issue. A total of 204 ethical issues (1.6 per patient) were recorded, related to: proportionality of healthcare intervention (15.6%); information (13.0%); research (2.9%); desire to hasten death (1.8%); palliative sedation (0.15%). The monthly probability of presenting an ethical issue was significantly higher at the baseline visit (24.0%) compared to the rest of the 6-month follow-up period (14-17%) (p< 0.001) The prevalence of ethical issues was significantly higher in patients with greater palliative care complexity according to the PALCOM scale: 4.5% in low complexity; 19.5% in medium complexity; 30.8% in high complexity (p< 0.001). Conclusions: The prevalence of ethical issues in patients with advanced cancer is high. Most of these issues are directly or indirectly related to the preservation of patient autonomy in the decision-making process. The presence of ethical issues is significantly associated with greater complexity of palliative care needs. In this context, it is crucial for healthcare professionals to strengthen both communication skills and basic competencies to effectively identify, assess, and manage these ethical issues.
Vitamin D and Acute Kidney Injury: A Reciprocal Relationship
Authors: Annamalai Chandrashekar , Viswanathan Pragasam
Published: February 2025

Vitamin D is a sterol prohormone with no intrinsic biological activity. Calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D, is synthesised in the kidneys. It has well-known pleiotropic and cytoprotective properties. In addition to regulating parathyroid hormone secretion and enhancing gut calcium absorption, it exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and antineoplastic effects. However, the role of vitamin D in AKI is unclear, unlike in CKD. Thus, this review aimed to understand how dysregulated vitamin D homeostasis occurred in AKI, as well as to explore how vitamin D deficiency and excess influenced AKI. A comprehensive literature search was conducted between January 2000 and June 2024 to uncover relevant works detailing vitamin D homeostasis in health as well as investigating the impact of vitamin D deficiency and excess in humans, animals, and in vitro cell models of AKI.

According to the findings of this review, vitamin D appears to have a reciprocal relationship with AKI. Acute renal injury, among other factors, can cause hypo- or hypervitaminosis D. Conversely, AKI can also be caused by vitamin D deficiency and toxicity. Even though hypovitaminosis D is associated with AKI, it is uncertain how it impacts AKI outcomes in distinct clinical scenarios. Newer therapeutic options might emerge as a result of understanding these challenges. Vitamin D supplementation may ameliorate renal injury but needs further validation. Furthermore, hypervitaminosis D has also been implicated in AKI by causing hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia. It is crucial to avoid prolonged, uncontrolled, and unsupervised supraphysiological vitamin D administration, especially intramuscular injection.
Durability of Botulinum Toxin Type A and Qualitative Analysis for the Treatment of Gummy Smile due to Muscle Hyperfunction
Authors: Muknickas Daniella Pillon , Pimentel Angélica Castro
Published: February 2025

This study evaluated the durability of botulinum toxin type A in 16 patients (n=16), with 08 units bilaterally, at different time points, through photographs and measurements at T0 (before application), T1 (20 days), T2 (2 months), and T3 (4 months). Two distance measurements were taken: (a) the distance from the anterior nasal spine to the lower edge of the upper lip, and (b) the distance from the lower edge of the upper lip to the incisal edge of the upper right central incisor. The effect of botulinum toxin type A on improving quality of life was assessed by analyzing patient satisfaction using the visual analog scale (VAS). The results indicate that, when measuring the distance from the anterior nasal spine to the lower edge of the upper lip at T3 (14.95 mm), the average distance was greater than at T0 (14.82 mm) but lower than at T1 (16.53 mm) and T2 (15.42 mm). Regarding the average distance between the lower edge of the upper lip and the incisal edge of the upper right central incisor, T3 (11.23 mm) was lower than T0 (12.11 mm) but higher than T1 (8.94 mm) and T2 (8.52 mm). In terms of patient satisfaction, the VAS score at T3 (10) was higher than at T0 (4.5), T1 (8.5), and T2 (9). Botulinum toxin type A qualitatively improved the patient's quality of life and exhibited a durability of at least four months.
Application of AI in Real-time Credit Risk Detection
Authors: Wang Zhuqi , Zhang Qinghe , Cheng Zhuopei
Published: February 2025

In recent years, with the rapid development of the economy, the credit bond market has accumulated great risks. Under the background of increasing regulatory pressure, frequent defaults and external "black swan" events, market liquidity depletion events occur from time to time, which in turn leads to credit bond pricing failure and hinders the normal operation of the market. Based on the LSSVM model, this study combines the nonlinear and time-varying characteristics of the credit bond market, optimizes the risk detection method, and analyzes the performance of the model through empirical research. The experimental part takes the credit bonds issued by enterprises as the research object, selects relevant financial and market variables, and verifies the efficiency and accuracy of LSSVM in credit bond default prediction through sample data screening and modeling analysis. The results show that the model not only improves risk prediction capabilities, but also shows significant advantages in data complexity and calculation efficiency, providing new technical ideas for risk prevention and control in China's bond market.
Smart Healthcare: The Role of Digital Health in Modern Medicine
Authors: Shapoo Nidha , Boma Noella , Shapoo Naveed , Abdul Rehman Muhammad
Published: February 2025

Digital health is transforming healthcare by integrating advanced technologies , making it more accessible, efficient, and personalized. From electronic health records, telemedicine, wearable devices, artificial intelligence and now smart hospitals digital health is improving patient care and outcomes while reducing the healthcare costs. However, the integration of digital health faces several challenges such as data privacy, cybersecurity risks, and inequitable access to technology. This article attempts to give an overview of the state of digital health at present, key challenges in implementation and potential solutions to maximize the benefits of digital health and ensure efficient, equitable and patient-centered healthcare in future.
A Comparative Assessment of Elemental Concentrations in Combustibles of Urban Landscape Tree Species, Tree Organs, and Their Concentration in PM2.5 Emitted During Combustion
Authors: Turay Mark Bayo , Ma Yuanfan , Zeng Aicong , Pingxin Zhao , Chen Jiayu , Li Zhehan , Guo Futao
Published: February 2025

The emissions of PM2.5 from biomass combustion pose significant health risks due to their small size and chemical composition, which can lead to various diseases. Understanding the relationship between PM2.5 elemental concentrations and biomass elemental concentrations is essential. This study analyzed the concentrations of four key elements—sodium, calcium, potassium, and phosphorus—in the combustibles of two urban landscape tree species (conifers and broad-leaf) and their respective tree organs (branches and leaves), along with the PM2.5 generated during combustion.
Using R and Origin 2024 Pro software, respectively, the concentration of elements and the strength and direction of elemental relationships were assessed among tree species categories, tree organs, and in PM2.5 emitted. Calcium was highly concentrated in both tree species, followed by potassium, which had higher concentrations in broad-leaf species. Elemental concentrations also differed significantly between branches and leaves, with calcium consistently being the most concentrated in both. While calcium and potassium levels were high in combustibles, they were relatively low in PM2.5 compared to other elements.
The study revealed stronger correlations among elements in PM2.5 as compared to relationships between elements in combustibles and their counterparts in PM2.5. Sodium with a lower concentration in the combustibles was readily released as compared to other elements (K, P, and Ca), which were highly concentrated in the combustibles but not readily released in PM2.5. These variations highlighted the importance of considering tree species, organ types, and elemental interactions when assessing the impacts of biomass combustion on urban air quality.
Assessment of Safety and Efficacy of Expanded Hemodialysis with Medium Cut-Off Dialyzer Compared to Hemodiafiltration
Authors: Marcello Matteo , Simonini Marco , Lorenzin Anna , Corradi Valentina , Virzì Grazia Maria , Caprara Carlotta , Brendolan Alessandra , Benedetti Claudia , Lentini Paolo , Zanella Monica , Ronco Claudio
Published: February 2025

Background: Removal of large uraemic toxins is still a challenge. HDF has produced some results although large convective volume, optimal vascular access to increase the blood flow rate and strict water quality management are required. Medium Cut-Off, high Retention Onset membrane have been recently developed introducing the concept therapy called “expanded haemodialysis” (HDx). Furthermore, vitamin E-coated membrane has potential beneficial effects on inflammation and oxidative stress. Ma-terial and Methods: A prospective longitudinal multi-center study was conducted for 3 months among 24 chronic haemodialysis patients. Patients were randomly assigned into either HDF with high flux membrane or HDx with Theranova or ViE-X mem-brane. The primary goal was to assess albumin loss among the three types of dialyzers. Secondary goals included assessment of depurative efficacy for uraemic toxins and clinical outcomes. Results: Mean albumin loss was significantly higher in patients undergoing HDx with Theranova membrane (ANOVA, p< 0.001) without any differ-ence in serum albumin concentration among the three groups. Instantaneous clearance of small and middle molecules was significantly higher in patients undergoing HDF, but we didn’t find differences in removal ratio and Kt/V. Reduction of Erythropoietin resistance index was observed in patients treated with ViE-X membrane due to their lower dialysis vintage. Conclusion: The higher albumin loss during HDx has no effects on pre-dialysis serum albumin. HDx with Theranova® in presence of lower session length, lower Qb , lower convective dose and lower instantaneous clearance reached same dialysis efficacy compared to HDF.
Gadolinium Complex with a Tris-Hydroxypyridinone as an Input for New Imaging Probes: Thermodynamic Stability, Molecular Modeling and Biodistribution
Authors: Dias Inês , Gano Lurdes , Chaves Sílvia , Santos Maria Amélia
Published: February 2025

The development of gadolinium-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents (CAs) is a highly challenging and demanding research field in metal-coordination medicinal chemistry. The recognized high capacity of hydroxypyridinone (HOPO)-based compounds to coordinate Gd(III) led us to evaluate a set of physic-chemical-biological properties of a new Gd(III)-complex with an hexadentate tripodal ligand (H3L), containing three 3,4-HOPO chelating moieties attached to an anchoring cyclohexane backbone. In particular, the thermodynamic stability constants of the complex were evaluated by potentiometry, showing the formation of a high stable (1:1) Gd-L complex (log GdL = 26.59), with full coordination even in acid-neutral pH conditions. Molecular simulations of the Gd(III) complex revealed a minimum energy structure with somehow distorted octahedral geometry, involving full metal hexa-coordination by the three bidentate moieties of the ligand arms, indicating that extra water molecules should be coordinated to the metal ion, an important feature for the CAs (required enhancement of water proton relaxivity). In vivo biodistribution studies with the 67Ga complex, as surrogate of the corresponding Gd complex, showed in vivo stability and rapid excretion from the animal body. Though deserving further investigation, these results may give an input on future perspectives towards new MRI diagnostic agents.
Utilizing Remote Sensing Data to Ascertain Weed Infestation Levels in Maize Fields
Authors: Fedoniuk Tetiana P. , Pyvovar Petro V. , Topolnytskyi Pavlo P. , Rozhkov Oleksandr , Kravchuk Mykola M , Skydan Oleh V. , Pazych Viktor M. , Petruk Taras V.
Published: February 2025

This study presents the evaluation of tools for weed analysis and management to support agroecological practices in organic farming, emphasizing agriculture digitalization and remote sensing. The main aim was to provide techniques for monitoring and prediction of weed spread using multispectral satellite and drone data, without the use of chemical inputs. Key findings indicate that VV and VH channels of Sentinel-1 and B2, B3, B4 and B8 channels of Sentinel-2 are not different regarding tillage, herbicide use, or sowing den-sity. However, RE and NIR channels of drone detected significant variations and proved effectiveness for weediness monitoring. The NIR channel is sensitive to agrotechnical factors such as cultivation type, making it valuable for field monitoring. Correlation and regression analyses revealed that B2, B3, B8 channels of Sentinel-2 and RE and NIR drone channels are the most reliable for predicting weed levels. Conversely, Sentinel-1 showed limited predictive utility. Random effect models confirmed that Sentinel-2 and drone channels can accurately account for site characteristics and timing of weed proliferation. Taken together these tools provide effective organic weed monitoring systems, enabling rapid identification of problem areas and adjustments in agronomic practices.
PyGlaucoMetrics: A Weight Stacking- Based Machine Learning Approach for Glaucoma Detection Using Visual Field Data
Authors: Moradi Mousa , Hashemabad Saber Kazeminasab , Vu Daniel M , Soneru Allison R , Fujita Asahi , Wang Mengyu , Elze Tobias , Eslami Mohammad , Zebardast Nazlee
Published: February 2025

Background and Objectives: Glaucoma (GL) classification is crucial for early diagnosis and treatment, yet relying solely on stand-alone models or International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes is insufficient due to limited predictive power and inconsistencies in clinical labeling. This study aims to improve GL classification by stacking weights using machine learning-based models. Materials and Methods: We analyzed a subset of 33,636 participants (58% female) with 340,444 visual fields (VFs) from the Mass Eye and Ear (MEE) dataset. Five clinically relevant GL detection models (LoGTS, UKGTS, Kang, HAP2_part1, and Foster) were selected to serve as base models. Two Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) models were trained using 52 total deviation (TD) and pattern deviation (PD) values from Humphrey Field Analyzer (HFA) 24-2 VF tests, along with four clinical variables (age, gender, follow-up time, and race) to extract model weights. These weights were then utilized to train three meta-learners including Logistic Regression (LR), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB), and MLP to classify cases as GL or non-GL. Results: The MLP meta-learner achieved the highest performance, with an accuracy of 96.43%, an F-score of 96.01%, and an AUC of 97.96%, while also demonstrating the lowest prediction uncertainty (0.08 ± 0.13). XGB followed with 92.86% accuracy, a 92.31% F-score, and a 96.10% AUC. LR had the lowest performance, with 89.29% accuracy, an 86.96% F-score, and a 94.81% AUC, as well as the highest uncertainty (0.58 ± 0.07). Permutation importance analysis revealed that the superior temporal sector was the most influential VF feature, with importance scores of 0.08 in Kang’s and 0.04 in HAP2_ part1 models. Among clinical variables, age was the strongest contributor (score= 0.3). Conclusion: The meta-learning approach outperformed stand-alone models in GL classification, offering a valuable tool for automated glaucoma assessment.
Entropy of the Quantum-Classical Interface: A Potential Metric for Security
Authors: Chehade Sarah , Dawson Joel A. , Prowell Stacy , Passian And Ali
Published: February 2025

The quantum-classical interface (QCI) i.e., the boundary where quantum and classical systems interact, introduces unique security challenges and potential vulnerabilities within quantum technologies. This position paper explores the use of entropy as one metric to monitor and secure information transfer across the QCI. We propose an initial QCI security framework, outlining criteria by which entropy-based measures contribute to detecting deviations and potential threats to quantum system integrity. By presenting these theoretical constructs, we aim to catalyze further investigation and discussion, establishing a basis for empirical validations and future development of practical quantum security strategies.
The Nasal Microbiome of Sows in the Federal District of Brazil Has Revealed a Diverse Phenotypic Resistance Profile
Authors: Rigueira Luciana Lana , Sant´Ana Fabiano José Ferreira de , Dallago Bruno , Faria Romulo , Rodrigues Mauricio , Obregon-Gutierrez Pau , Aragon Virginia , Perecmanis Simone
Published: February 2025

Antimicrobial resistance is a universal threat and is leading to a new awareness of antimicrobial use. The colonization of tissues by some microorganisms carrying resistance genes may pose a risk of spreading resistance to pathogens. Antimicrobials may induce an unstable microbiome that compromises the animal's immunity. Indeed, dysbiosis has been linked to many alterations in the immune response. Here, we isolated bacterial colonizers from the nasal microbiota of sows to describe the phenotypic resistance profile on different health managements. One hundred and thirty-two strains isolated from 50 nasal swabs collected from sows were tested against up to 23 antimicrobial agents by disk diffusion. Overall, the nasal communities showed 55% antimicrobial resistance (1605/2888 tests). Resistance was detected for all tested antimicrobials. The antimicrobial showing higher rate of resistance was bacitracin (92%), while the lowest was found in the aminoglycosides. Actinobacillus suis was one of the species with highest rate of resistance. The time and number of drugs used in feed influenced the resistance rate in the isolates. Vaccination was confirmed as a strategic protocol for disease control Studies on antimicrobial resistance in commensals may allow the identification of microorganisms to be used in surveillance and may constitute a tool for evaluating strategies to reduce antimicrobial use in pig herds.
Urea Delays High-Temperature Crosslinking of Polyacrylamide for in Situ Preparation of an Organic/Inorganic Composite Gel
Authors: Liang Li , Li Junlong , Li Dongxiang , Xu Jie , Zheng Bin , Zhao Jikuan
Published: February 2025

To address the rapid crosslinking reaction and short stability duration of polyacrylamide gel under high salinity and temperature conditions, this paper proposes the use of urea to delay the nucleophilic substitution crosslinking reaction among polyacrylamide, hydroquinone, and formaldehyde. At the same time, urea also regulates the precipitation of calcium and magnesium ions, enabling the in situ preparation of an organic/inorganic composite gel of crosslinked polyacrylamide and carbonate particles. With calcium and magnesium ion concentrations at 6817 mg/L and total salinity at 15×104 mg/L, the gelation time can be controlled to range from 6.6 to 14.1 days at 95 °C and from 2.9 to 6.5 days at 120 °C. The corresponding composite gel can remain stable for up to 155 days and 135 days, respectively. The delayed gelation facilitates longer-distance diffusion of the gelling agent into the formation, and the enhancements in gel strength and stability provide a solid foundation for improving the effectiveness of profile control and water shut-off in oilfields. This innovative approach promotes the comprehensive utilization of mineral resources within the formation.
PAI-NET: Retrieval Augmented Generation Patent Network using Prior Art Information
Authors: Bai Juho , Lee Kyung Yul
Published: February 2025

Similar patent document retrieval is an essential task that reduces the scope of patent claimants' searches, and numerous studies have attempted to provide automated patent search services.
Recently, Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) based on generative language models has emerged as an excellent method for accessing and utilizing patent knowledge environments.
RAG-based patent search services offer high utility as AI search services by providing document knowledge similar to queries.
However, achieving satisfactory quality in similarity search services remains a challenging task, as search methods based on document similarity do not carefully consider the characteristics of patent documents.
Unlike general document retrieval, the similarity of patent documents must take into account prior art relationships.
To address this issue, we propose PAI-NET, a deep neural network for computing patent document similarities by incorporating expert knowledge of prior art relationships.
We demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms current state-of-the-art models in patent document classification tasks through semantic distance evaluation on USPD and KPRIS datasets.
PAI-NET presents similar document candidates demonstrating a superior patent search performance improvement of 15\% over state-of-the-art methods.
Water resources of Western Kazakhstan
Authors: Tursunova Aisulu , Alimkulov Sayat , Saparova Assel , Bazarbek Aidana , Kulebayev Kairat M.
Published: February 2025

This paper discusses assessment of the water sources of Western Kazakhstan. It is one of the territories with the lowest water supply in the country, consisting of Aktobe, Atyrau, West Kazakhstan, and Mangystau regions. The distribution of water resources was assessed by administrative units. When assessing renewable water resources of rivers and streams by administrative units, it is necessary to identify a local runoff, inflow from adjacent administrative units, outflow from the assessed administrative unit, as well as the total resources of administrative units. Currently, small-scale maps, satellite and geoinformational images are used for a more accurate identification of the number of water bodies in the region and the lake percentage in certain areas. The impact of anthropogenic activities significantly distorts natural water reserves, the anthropogenic load on river runoff and lake resources has been assessed. A number of maps were built, namely, specific water supply of the population and territory with total resources; lake percentage; load on total resources; and an indicator of water stress of total resources by administrative units. Thus, surface water resources of Western Kazakhstan are fresh water reserves contained in such water bodies as rivers, lakes and reservoirs, amounting to 14600 million m3.
La Jolla Virus: The Pathology and Transmission in Its Host Drosophila suzukii
Authors: Abdelhafiz Ibrahim , Kessel Tobias , Vilcinskas Andreas , Lee Kwang-Zin
Published: February 2025

Drosophila suzukii, commonly known as spotted-wing drosophila, has emerged as a highly destructive pests in global fruit and wine production. The effectiveness of chemical control is significantly compromised by rapid resistance development and limited range of insec-ticide options. Biological control presents a promising sustainable alternative., Our pre-vious work suggested the La Jolla virus (LJV) as a suitable candidate for the development of an insect virus-based control option. Here we characterized the natural transmission and pathology of the virus. We tested various modes of horizontal transmission, includ-ing airborne, venereal and oral, and fecal routes. To understand LJV pathology in infected flies, we studied feeding behavior and demonstrated changes in the food absorption compared to non-infected flies. We also investigated the impact on fecundity and egg-to-adult success rate. Altogether, these results collectively improve our understanding of LJV transmission in natural populations and the implication of infected flies in food ingestion and overall fitness.
Comparison of Inflammatory Biomarkers in Females with and without Patellofemoral Pain and Associations with Patella Position, Hip and Knee Kinematics, and Pain
Authors: Bolgla Lori A. , Purohit Sharad , Hannah Daniel C , Hunter D Monte
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is believed to be a precursor to knee osteoarthritis (OA). The primary purpose of this study was to compare matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) levels in young, adult females with and without PFP. The secondary purpose was to determine associations between MMP-9, patella position, hip and knee kinematics, and pain in females with PFP. Methods: Plasma was analyzed for MMP-9. Patellar position was measured using diagnostic ultrasound as the degree of offset (RAB angle) from the deepest aspect of the femoral trochlear groove to the inferior pole of the patella. A positive RAB angle suggested patella lateralization. Hip and knee kinematics during a single-leg squat were measured using 2-dimensional motion analysis and quantified as the dynamic valgus index (DVI), a combined measure of hip and knee motion. A higher DVI suggests increased valgus loading at the patellofemoral joint. Pain was measured using a 10-cm visual analog scale. Results: Females with PFP had significantly higher levels of MMP-9 than controls (72.7 vs 58.0 ng/mL, p = 0.03). For females with PFP and a more laterally positioned patella (RAB angle > 13˚), a significant positive association existed between MMP-9 and patella lateralization (r = 0.38, p = 0.04) and a significant inverse association with the DVI (r = -0.50, p = 0.007). Conclusions: Females with PFP had higher levels of MMP-9 than controls. The significant association between MMP-9 and patella lateralization provided additional information about the influence of patella position on joint inflammation. The significant, inverse association between MMP-9 levels and the DVI suggested that subjects with higher MMP-9 levels might have altered their movement pattern to avoid knee valgus loading.
AI–Discovery of Cellular Morphometric Biomarkers Reveals Unique Tumor Immune Microenvironments in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer Patients of African Ancestry
Authors: Muinde Jane , Celestin Dan Kerry , Cruz Joseph , Sharma Umang , Maranga Innocent O , Carter Cody S , Khan Salma
Published: February 2025

High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma (HGSOC) is a highly heterogeneous disease. Machine learning-based cellular morphometric biomarkers (CMB-ML) have been identified across multiple tumor types, capturing tissue heterogeneity, predicting tumor microenvironments (TME) and clinical outcomes. We aimed to identify ethnicity-specific CMBs in African American and White HGSOC patients using whole-slide images (WSIs) and assess their associations with overall survival (OS). Analysis of 109 patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas Ovarian Cancer (TCGA-OV) cohort was validated in WSIs from 22 patients in the Loma Linda University (LLU) cohort. We linked immune checkpoint markers (ICM) to CMB scores and confirmed via immunohistochemistry. We identified and validated three ethnicity-specific CMBs — 73, 80, and 215 with significant frequency differences. Higher CMB 73 and 80 frequencies correlated with shorter OS in African Americans (p=0.022, p=0.023), while higher CMB 215 frequency was linked to improved OS in White patients (p=0.051). Molecular analysis of TCGA-OV cohort revealed lower immune infiltration in African Americans and higher ICM expression in Whites (PDCD1: p=0.033, PDCD1LG2: p=0.014, CD8A: p=0.014). Immunohistochemistry in the LLU-OV cohort showed expression of predicted markers CD3, CD8, and PDCD1. Although there were no significant differences between the two ethnic groups, CMB-ML explores a new avenue for understanding health disparities.
Repeat Resection for Recurrent Glioblastoma in the WHO 2021 Era: A Longitudinal Matched Case-Control Study
Authors: Mut Melike , Zengin Hatice Yagmur , Azizova Aynur , Askun Cengiz Savas , Schiff David , Soylemezoglu Figen
Published: February 2025

Background and Objectives:
This study aims to evaluate the overall survival benefits of repeat resection in patients with recurrent glio-blastoma, IDH-wild type (rGBM) and to identify factors for long-term survival, including the role of clinical, radiological, and molecular parameters.
Methods:
This longitudinal matched case-control study included 60 patients with rGBM divided into two groups: one-surgery (n=30) and repeat resection (n=30). Baseline characteristics, preoperative and postoperative volumes, and molecular markers were assessed. Survival analyses were conducted using the Log-Rank test, and associated factors with long-term survival were identified in the repeat resection cohort.
Results:
Patients who underwent repeat resection had a significantly longer median survival of 23.9 months compared to 9.2 months in the one-surgery group (p < 0.001). Preoperative tumor volume was found to correlate with postoperative residual volume in repeat resections. Patients with no residual contrast-enhancing tumor vol-ume (0 cm³) after repeat resection had a mean survival of 25.0 months, while those with any residual volume had a mean survival of 9.4 months. Lower KPS (≤70) and GCS (≤13) scores were significantly associated with short-term survival, highlighting the importance of functional status at the time of repeat resection.
Conclusion:
Complete repeat resection may improve overall survival in patients with recurrent IDH-wildtype GBM and should be considered a therapeutic option rather than a diagnostic or salvage procedure. Early surgical inter-vention, before declines in KPS and GCS or tumor volumes become unmanageable, may lead to better out-comes. Further studies with larger cohorts are needed to confirm these findings.
Repetitive Gamma-tACS Improves Visuospatial Working Memory in Healthy Young Adults: A Randomized Study
Authors: Rosato Miriam , Sala Marco , Coccaro Ambra , Cutini Simone , Liotti Mario
Published: February 2025

In a single blind placebo controlled study, 35 healthy young adults were randomly assigned to three sessions of either active γ-tACS (n=18) or passive sham γ-tACS (n=17), to test the short-term and long-term efficacy of γ-tACS over the left DLPFC to improve visuospatial working memory performance in the spatial capacity delayed response task (SCDRT). The design allowed to evaluate the influence of stimulation protocol (active vs. sham), session of stimulation (day 1 to 3), session block (before stimulation, during stimulation and after stimulation) and VSWM retention load (1, 3, 5 or 7 stimuli). Active γ-tACS selectively improved VSWM performance in day 2 and 3, and the effect was greater following stimulation rather than during stimulation. Significant effects concerned response speed but not accuracy. VSWM performance gains of Active γ-tACS were no longer present long-term, at a follow-up session after two weeks. The present study provides novel evidence for a selective improvement in VSWM performance with three repeated sessions of γ-tACS in young adults, through entrainment of gamma rhythms in the left DLPFC.