bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Valuing tacit nursing knowledge during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Orr Elizabeth , Jack Susan M. , Campbell Karen , Strohm Sonya
Published: September 2022

Public health nurses in Ontario, Canada, support the healthy growth and development of children across the province through a variety of programs including home visits for pregnant individuals and families with young children. During the COVID‐19 global pandemic the needs of families increased while access to health and social services decreased. During this time, home visiting teams closely involved in supporting families also experienced staff redeployment to support pandemic efforts (e.g., case and contact management, vaccinations) and changes to the nature of home visiting work, including shifts to remote or virtual service delivery. To support nursing practice in this new and evolving context, a framework for capturing and sharing the tacit or how‐to knowledge of public health nurses was developed. A valuing of this type of knowledge for informing future public health nursing practice – well beyond the pandemic response – was recognized as a pandemic silver lining when reflecting on two years of supporting home visiting teams in our province.
Impact of helminth–microbiome interactions on childhood health and development—A clinical perspective
Authors: Piazzesi Antonia , Putignani Lorenza
Published: September 2022

Humans have co‐existed with parasites for virtually the entirety of our existence as a species. Today, nearly one third of the human population is infected with at least one helminthic species, most of which reside in the intestinal tract, where they have co‐evolved alongside the human gut microbiota (GM). Appreciation for the interconnected relationship between helminths and GM has increased in recent years. Here, we review the evidence of how helminths and GM can influence various aspects of childhood development and the onset of paediatric diseases. We discuss the emerging evidence of how many of the changes that parasitic worms inflict on their host is enacted through gut microbes. In this light, we argue that helminth‐induced microbiota modifications are of great importance in both facing the global challenge of overcoming parasitic infections, and in replicating helminthic protective effects against inflammatory diseases. We propose that deepening our knowledge of helminth–microbiota interactions will uncover novel, safer and more effective therapeutic strategies in combatting an array of childhood disorders.
Narrative strategies for emerging disruptive technologies: A case study of Blockchain for Europe
Authors: Kanol Direnç
Published: September 2022

How do interest groups advocating for emerging disruptive technologies use narrative strategies? I argue that the characteristics of this policy area should define how actors use policy narratives and narrative strategies. Interest groups that strive for innovation, support, and development of emerging technologies should mention benefits of policies and policy proposals more than costs. In addition, they should use the hero character more than the villain and victim characters. This article studies the Twitter messages of Blockchain for Europe, the most prevalent business association representing cryptocurrency companies in the EU and finds evidence for these hypotheses. I show how novel interest groups use strategies to influence policies targeting emerging disruptive technologies like crypto‐assets. Also, I contribute to the Narrative Policy Framework research by demonstrating how narrative strategies can be influenced by the context surrounding specific issues.

Related Articles

Chang, Katherine T., and Elizabeth A. Koebele. 2020. “What Drives Coalitions' Narrative Strategy? Exploring Policy Narratives around School Choice.” Politics & Policy 48(4): 618–57. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12367.

O'Donovan, Kristin T. 2018. “Does the Narrative Policy Framework Apply to Local Policy Issues?” Politics & Policy 46(4): 532–70. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12265.

Shanahan, Elizabeth A., Mark K. McBeth, and Paul L. Hathaway. 2011. “Narrative Policy Framework: The Influence of Media Policy Narrative on Public Opinion.” Politics & Policy 39(3): 373–400. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2011.00295.x.
Race‐based affirmative action for higher education in Brazil: Impact assessment on performance, time, and delay in completion*
Authors: dos Santos Priscila S. , Becker Kalinca L. , de Oliveira Sibele V.
Published: September 2022

This paper aims to investigate the impact of race‐based affirmative action for higher education in Brazil, through the effects of applying under a quota versus the open system for Black, Brown, and Indigenous people, on academic performance, time, and delay in completion. The data used were obtained by the survey of the National Student Performance Examination (Enade) from 2016 to 2018. Through the propensity score matching methodologies, entropy balancing, empirical quantile regression strategy, and Lewbel method, a small statistically significant negative impact on students' performance was observed. Significant effects on time and delay in completion were not found in most of the estimators used. We also observed that older students and students who are male, lack, or Indigenous are more likely to choose to enter via racial quotas, while students who live with their parents or spouse and students who have some source of income are less likely to participate in the policy.
Vegetation and peat accumulation steer Holocene tidal–fluvial basin filling and overbank sedimentation along the Old Rhine River, The Netherlands
Authors: Pierik Harm Jan , Moree Jelle I. M. , van der Werf Karianne M. , Roelofs Lonneke , Albernaz Marcio Boechat , Wilbers Antoine , van der Valk Bert , van Dinter Marieke , Hoek Wim Z. , de Haas Tjalling , Kleinhans Maarten G.
Published: September 2022

In the transformation from tidal systems to freshwater coastal landscapes, plants act as eco‐engineering species that reduce hydrodynamics and trap sediment, but nature and timing of the mechanisms of land creation along estuaries remains unclear. This article focuses on the Old Rhine estuary (The Netherlands) to show the importance of vegetation in coastal landscape evolution, predominantly regarding tidal basin filling and overbank morphology. This estuary hosted the main outflow channel of the river Rhine between ca 6500 to 2000 cal bp, and was constrained by peat during most of its existence. This study reconstructs its geological evolution, by correlating newly integrated geological data and new field records to varying conditions. Numerical modelling was performed to test the inferred mechanisms. It was found that floodbasin vegetation and resulting organic accumulation strongly accelerated back‐barrier infill, by minimizing tidal influence. After tidal and wave transport had already sufficiently filled the back‐barrier basin, reed rapidly expanded from its edges under brackish conditions, as shown by diatom analysis and datings. Reed growth provided a positive infilling feedback by reducing tidal flow and tidal prism, accelerating basin infilling. New radiocarbon dates show that large‐scale crevassing along the Old Rhine River – driven by tidal backwater effect – only started as nutrient‐rich river water transformed the floodbasin into an Alder carr in a next phase of estuary evolution. Such less dense vegetation promotes crevassing as sediments are more easily transported into the floodbasin. As river discharge increased and estuary mouth infilling progressed, crevasse activity diminished around 3800 to 3000 cal bp, likely due to a reduced tidal backwater effect. The insights from this data‐rich Holocene study showcase the dominant role that vegetation may have in the long‐term evolution of coastal wetlands. It provides clues for effective use of vegetation in vulnerable wetland landscapes to steer sedimentation patterns to strategically adapt to rising water levels.
A conversation with Elja Arjas (Helsinki, November 2021 and March 2022)
Authors: Corander Jukka
Published: September 2022

Statistics as an independent scientific discipline is relatively young in Finland. Its active history stretches back roughly a century, with the past 50 years signifying a period of growth. Few other academics such as Elja Arjas, now professor emeritus at University of Helsinki, have played a prominent role in establishing statistics in Finland. This conversation tries to illuminate how this came to happen and what was needed to push statistics as a discipline to a firmer ground. We do not have a looking glass at our disposal but will nevertheless also try make some predictions about the future.
Generic inferential rules for slurs and contrasting senses
Authors: Valtonen Pasi
Published: September 2022

This article offers a new perspective on the relationship between slurring terms and their neutral counterparts with an inferentialist view of slurs. I argue that slurs and their counterparts are coextensional with contrasting senses. Crucially, the proposed inferentialist view overcomes the combination of two challenges: Kaplanian inferences and the substitution argument. The previous views cannot account for both of them.
Inhibition of shoot‐expressed NRT1.1 improves reutilization of apoplastic iron under iron‐deficient conditions
Authors: Ye Jia Yuan , Zhou Miao , Zhu Qing Yang , Zhu Ya Xin , Du Wen Xin , Liu Xing Xing , Jin Chong Wei
Published: September 2022

Iron deficiency is a major constraint for plant growth in calcareous soils. The interplay between NO3− and Fe nutrition affects plant performance under Fe‐deficient conditions. However, how NO3− negatively regulates Fe nutrition at the molecular level in plants remains elusive. Here, we showed that the key nitrate transporter NRT1.1 in Arabidopsis plants, especially in the shoots, was markedly downregulated at post‐translational levels by Fe deficiency. However, loss of NRT1.1 function alleviated Fe deficiency chlorosis, suggesting that downregulation of NRT1.1 by Fe deficiency favors plant tolerance to Fe deficiency. Further analysis showed that although disruption of NRT1.1 did not alter Fe levels in both the shoots and roots, it improved the reutilization of apoplastic Fe in shoots but not in roots. In addition, disruption of NRT1.1 prevented Fe deficiency‐induced apoplastic alkalization in shoots by inhibiting apoplastic H+ depletion via NO3− uptake. In vitro analysis showed that reduced pH facilitates release of cell wall‐bound Fe. Thus, foliar spray with an acidic buffer promoted the reutilization of Fe in the leaf apoplast to enhance plant tolerance to Fe deficiency, while the opposite was true for the foliar spray with a neutral buffer. Thus, downregulation of the shoot‐part function of NRT1.1 prevents apoplastic alkalization to ensure the reutilization of apoplastic Fe under Fe‐deficient conditions. Our findings may provide a basis for elucidating the link between N and Fe nutrition in plants and insight to scrutinize the relevance of shoot‐expressed NRT1.1 to the plant response to stress.
A data‐driven approach to determine daily platelet order quantities at hospitals
Authors: Mirjalili Mahdi , Abouee‐Mehrizi Hossein , Barty Rebecca , Heddle Nancy M. , Sarhangian Vahid
Published: September 2022

Background

Determining the required daily number of platelet units in hospitals is a challenging task due to the high uncertainty in daily usage and short shelf life of platelets.

Study Design and Methods

We developed a linear prediction model to guide the daily ordering quantity of platelet units at a hospital that orders the required units from a central supplier. The predictive model relies on historical demand data and other information from the hospital's information system. The ordering strategy is to place an order at the end of each day to bring the platelet inventory to thepredicteddemand for the next day. Unlike typical prediction models, the quality of the predictions is measured with respect to the resulting inventory costs of wastage and shortage. We used data from two hospitals in Hamilton, Ontario from 2015 to 2016 to train our model and evaluated its performance based on the resulting wastage and shortage rates in 2017.

Results

In 2017, respectively 1915 and 4305 platelet units were transfused at the two hospitals, with daily average (SD) usage of 5.2 (3.7) and 11.8 (4.4). The expiry (estimated shortage) rates were 8.67% (13.86%), and 2.28% (8.48%) at the two hospitals, respectively. Our baseline model would have reduced the expiry (shortage) rates to 2.54% (4.01%) and 0.05% (0.44%) for the two hospitals, respectively.

Discussion

Guiding daily ordering decisions for platelets using our proposed model could lead to a significant reduction of wastage and shortage rates at hospitals.
Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn caused by anti‐sD antibody in a GP.Mur/Mur Thai mother and review of the prevalence of sD in Thai blood donors
Authors: Lopez Genghis H. , Emthip Morakot , Suwanwootichai Ploymanee , Millard Glenda M. , Wilson Brett , Onpuns Sunisa , Laemsri Kanchana , Chiewsilp Pimol , Flower Robert L. , Hyland Catherine A. , Liew Yew‐Wah
Published: September 2022

Background

Low‐prevalence antigen sD (MNS23) is encoded by GYPB c.173C > G. Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) due to anti‐sD is rare. A mother delivered a newborn whose red blood cells (RBCs) were DAT‐positive and was later diagnosed with HDFN. Serum from the mother was incompatible with the father's RBCs and was used to screen 184 Thai blood donors. This study aimed to investigate the cause of HDFN in a Thai family and determine the prevalence of sD in Thai blood donors.

Materials and Methods

Three family members and four blood donors were investigated in the study. Massively Parallel Sequencing (MPS) was used for genotyping. Standard hemagglutination techniques were used in titration studies, phenotyping, and enzyme/chemical studies. Anti‐s, anti‐Mia, anti‐JENU, and anti‐sD reagents were used in serological investigations.

Results

The mother was GYP*Mur/Mur. The father and the four donors were GYPB*s/sD predicting S − s + sD+. The baby was GYP*Mur/sD and his RBCs were Mia+, s + w with anti‐s (P3BER) and JENU+w. RBCs from two GYPB*sD‐positive blood donors reacted with anti‐sD (Dreyer). Proteolytic enzyme α‐chymotrypsin‐treated sD+ cells did not react with anti‐sD (Wat) produced by the GP.Mur/Mur mother but reacted with the original anti‐sD (Dreyer).

Discussion

This is the first report of HDFN due to anti‐sD in the Asian population. The genotype frequency for GYPB*sD in a selected Thai blood donor population is 2.2% (4/184). Anti‐sD should be considered in mothers with Southeast Asian or East Asian background when antibody identification is unresolved in pregnancies affected by HDFN.
Red blood cell volume, but not platelet or plasma volume is associated with mortality in neonatal ECMO
Authors: Gancar Jessica L. , Shields Molly C. , Wise Linda , Waller Jennifer L. , Stansfield Brian K.
Published: September 2022

Background

Blood product transfusions are necessary for critically ill neonates on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Transfusions are administered in response to unstudied arbitrary thresholds and may be associated with adverse outcomes. The objective of this study was to identify relationships between blood product components and mortality in neonates receiving ECMO support for respiratory indications.

Study Design and Methods

A retrospective review of neonates receiving ECMO for respiratory indications from 2002 to 2019 from a single quaternary‐referral neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Demographic and outcome data and transfusion volume (ml/kg/day) were harvested from the medical record, and baseline mortality risk was assessed using NEO‐RESCUERS scores. The association between volume of red blood cells (RBC), platelet, plasma transfusion rates (ml/kg/day), and mortality on ECMO were assessed after adjustment for NEO‐RESCUERS score. Cox proportional hazards (CPH) competing risk model was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each variable and mortality outcome.

Measurements and Main Results

Among 248 neonates undergoing ECMO for respiratory failure, overall survival was 93%. RBC, platelet, and plasma volume were highly associated with mortality during ECMO in an unadjusted model. After adjusting for NEO‐RESCUERS score, RBC volume was associated with increased mortality risk (HR 1.013, 95% CI 1.004–1.022, p = .0043), but platelet and plasma volume were not associated with mortality.

Conclusions

RBC, but not platelet or plasma volume, is associated with mortality in neonates on ECMO. Our findings refute previous studies demonstrating an association between platelet volume and mortality for neonates on ECMO.
MARGINALIZATION AND TRANSCENDENCE IN TRANSHUMANISM AND MINJUNG THEOLOGY
Authors: Song Yong Sup , Geraci Robert M.
Published: September 2022

The visibility of transhumanism in pop culture reveals its dramatic advance in twenty‐first‐century life. The more widespread the movement becomes, the more important it is to consider how transhumanism might be made relevant to global humanity. This article orients technological progress by drawing transhumanism into conversation with minjung theology from Korea. Minjung theology offers global tech culture—and its pursuit of technological salvation—an ethical foundation through attention toHan(an emotion specific to those who suffer from individual, sociopolitical, economic, and cultural oppression but have been unable to express it adequately) and the lived reality of those who are often excluded from benefits of technological society. Working in the other direction, transhumanist perspectives on technology offer minjung theology an opportunity to expand its reach through the development of a transcendent theological perspective.
Política, emancipación y sentido: algunas consideraciones posmarxistas
Authors: Fajardo Christian
Published: September 2022

Este libro responde a la pregunta —para muchos saldada— de qué es la política con la hipótesis de que la política es una manera de producir sentido o, mejor aún, es una forma de elaborar nuestro contacto con la realidad. Se trata, de este modo, de comprender no el qué sino el cómo de la política desde el punto de vista del sentido. Específicamente se abordará el cómo de la política desde una tradición posmarxista, que se ha preocupado por conceptualizar e imaginar cuál es la realidad que le corresponde a esta práctica. El experimento conceptual que propone este libro es, entonces, estudiar las formas del sentido de la política desde la perspectiva de la emancipación. Con esto se quiere señalar que la política, al transformar nuestro trato general con la realidad, está a la mano de cualquiera, pero, sobre todo, a la disposición de los cuerpos más vulnerables y menos escuchados.
Música urbana, juventud y resistencia : un viaje por algunos sonidos underground de América Latina
Authors: Rivera Martínez Ángela , Arias Franco Erika , Campion Minerva , Viera Merarit , Sánchez Kuri Layla , Huamaní Paliza Frank , Gómez Ricardo
Published: September 2022

Música urbana, juventud y resistencia analiza algunos sonidos underground que resisten y coexisten en diferentes contextos geopolíticos urbanos de Latinoamérica. A partir de la realidad de América Latina, se sostiene que las culturas juveniles han construido y les han dado significado a los sonidos underground, en espacios colonizados donde las desigualdades de género, raza y clase se muestran de diferentes maneras. Aunado a ello, las diversas perspectivas de este libro revelan las luchas contra el capitalismo y el neoliberalismo que se dan a través de la música, en concreto a partir de las escenas musicales y la consolidación de procesos de resistencia juvenil. Así, se postula la música como una herramienta política que permite a las juventudes construir territorios geopolíticos y afectivos, que conllevan transformaciones culturales y generacionales. En definitiva, se trata de espacios en los que se realizan denuncias sociales que visibilizan problemáticas contextuales específicas.
n tejido interminable: sesenta años de la Facultad de Psicología
Authors: Burbano Valente Johanna , Calvo de Saavedra Ángela , Calvo Dowling Emilia , Escobar Altare Andrea Paola , Silva Martín Luis Manuel , Pulido Martínez Hernán Camilo , Colón Llamas Tatiana , Echeverry Buriticá María Margarita , Rapacci Gómez María Lucía , Rodríguez Díaz Marcela , Ardila Charry Emy , López López Wilson
Published: September 2022

Este libro narra, desde distintas perspectivas, los nudos más significativos que han tejido a esta Facultad en los últimos sesenta años de cara a los desafíos venideros. Destaca hitos que han marcado la identidad de un proyecto que surgió buscando dar respuesta a la formación y que se ha ido transformando para responder a los cambios del contexto, conservando el rasgo distintivo de pertenecer a una institución de la Compañía de Jesús que vincula en todo su quehacer a la pedagogía ignaciana. En sus páginas, se transitan los relatos de las múltiples manos que se han unido para construir proyectos colectivos de currículos, unidades, programas y extensiones de la Facultad, con la misión orientadora de servir a la comunidad, integrando la docencia y la investigación desde un enfoque profundamente humanista y diverso. La creación de un departamento de psicología en una facultad de filosofía y su desprendimiento para dar vida a una propia, el programa de formación en psicología y su transformación a través de los años en respuesta a los desafíos de los paradigmas y el desarrollo de la disciplina, la creación de un departamento que integre las funciones sustantivas de investigación, docencia y servicio, con los desafíos que ello implica, y la constitución de programas de especialización, maestría y doctorado, para complejizar los niveles de formación y generar comprensiones disciplinares más profundas, el nacimiento de un centro de atención psicológica universitario y de la Cátedra Internacional Ignacio Martín-Baró, que integran los propósitos de los programas de psicología, responden a una trayectoria de apuestas vanguardistas que se reflejan en la historia escrita que trasciende en las publicaciones de la Facultad.
Vivienda social: programa, familias y nuevos modos de habitar. Aportes desde la complejidad del proyecto
Authors: Fiscarelli Diego
Published: September 2022

Este trabajo problematiza nociones e instrumentos de la praxis proyectual de las operatorias recientes de construcción de vivienda social en Argentina. Se hipotetiza que existe una relación directa entre el alcance del programa arquitectónico y la capacidad funcional de los modelos habitacionales para asimilar las transformaciones sociales recientes en materia de dinámicas del habitar. ¿Cómo han entrado en crisis los patrones tradicionales para caracterizar a los destinatarios, y qué dimensiones debería interpelar desde las significaciones imaginarias, la construcción programática de la vivienda social en la actualidad?

Desde los recientes avances en relación con un campo epistemológico específico para la producción de conocimiento disciplinar —el Programa Complejo para la Investigación Proyectual— y articulando voces especializadas en familias, cambios sistémicos y nuevos modos de habitar, se propone una discusión bibliográfica orientada a identificar los parámetros aún vigentes que determinan límites en la relación programa-proyecto.
Particle Image Velocimetry in a High-Speed Short-Duration Turbine Rig
Authors: Okada Mizuki , Pinho Jorge , Cernat Bogdan , Lavagnoli Sergio
Published: September 2022

This article presents the implementation of a particle image velocimetry (PIV) into the high-speed short-duration rotating turbine facility of the von Karman Institute. The advantage of PIV as a whole-field measurement is emphasized in such circumstances for which the use of optical technique can drastically reduce the number of tests and the need for multiple intrusive expensive probes, ultimately lowering the testing cost. Practical solutions were demonstrated that address various challenges for the effective application of PIV. An endoscope delivered the laser sheet to the region of interest and a plano-concave window provided optical access for the measurement in the annular test section. Sub-micron scale oil droplets were seeded into the main flow through custom-made probes located upstream of the nozzle guide vane and into a pipeline supplying rim seal purge flow. A high-speed laser system and a high-speed camera were synchronized at 1 kHz sampling rate. Complementary measurements and dedicated image processing were performed to ensure the synchronization of the PIV images with the rotor position that was monitored through an encoder. The region of interest was the blade-to-blade plane at the 58% span turbine exit on a rectangular field of view covering approximately one rotor pitch and 0.15 rotor axial chord from the rotor trailing edge. Phase-locked-average velocity fields are obtained from PIV and compared against steady-state Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) simulations along with four-hole probe measurement results. Together with uncertainty analysis, the results demonstrate the promising robustness and accuracy of PIV. A practical guideline for PIV application in such kinds of turbine test rigs is provided as a conclusion of the paper.
Skin Pain Sensation Under Mechanical Stimulus: Wind-Up and Ramp-Off
Authors: Ji Dongcan , Shi Yingli , Yin Yafei , Dong Shaotong , Wang Yang , Li Yuhang
Published: September 2022

Researchers have been studying the pain sensation extensively in the past few decades. Quantitative simulation and theoretical modeling of pain sensation based on experimental results are necessary for pain research. Many theories have been proposed to explain the mechanism of pain from molecular, cellular, and neuron network perspectives. But some phenomena in pain sensation are not fully understood, including wind-up and ramp-off. This paper focused on the theoretical model of wind-up and ramp-off phenomena in the pain sensation. With the addition of the transduction model, the generation mechanism of wind-up and ramp-off is better explained. The simulations were carried out to analyze the skin pain sensation under the mechanical stimulus, consisting of four different parts: the mechanical model of skin, transduction, transmission, modulation, and perception. The stress distribution on the skin was obtained based on the elastic theory. And the modified Hodgkin and Huxley model and the mathematical model of gate control theory were utilized to analyze the process of transduction, modulation, and perception, respectively. The numerical experiments demonstrated the wind-up occurs with a frequent stimulus of 1 Hz and 2 Hz, and ramp-off appears with the withdrawal of constant mechanical stimulus, which could contribute to the understanding of the pain sensation mechanism.
Two Calculation Verification Metrics Used in the Medical Device Industry: Revisiting the Limitations of Fractional Change
Authors: Guler Ismail , Aycock Kenneth I. , Rebelo Nuno
Published: September 2022

Quantifying the fractional change in a predicted quantity of interest with successive mesh refinement is an attractive and widely used but limited approach to assessing numerical error and uncertainty in physics-based computational modeling. Herein, we introduce the concept of a scalar multiplier αGCI to clarify the connection between fractional change and a more rigorous and accepted estimate of numerical uncertainty, the grid convergence index (GCI). Specifically, we generate lookup tables for αGCI as a function of observed order of accuracy and mesh refinement factor. We then illustrate the limitations of relying on fractional change alone as an acceptance criterion for mesh refinement using a case study involving the radial compression of a Nitinol stent. Results illustrate that numerical uncertainty is often many times larger than the observed fractional change in a mesh pair, especially in the presence of small mesh refinement factors or low orders of accuracy. We strongly caution against relying on fractional change alone as an acceptance criterion for mesh refinement studies, particularly in any high-risk applications requiring absolute prediction of quantities of interest. When computational resources make the systematic refinement required for calculating GCI impractical, submodeling approaches as demonstrated herein can be used to rigorously quantify discretization error at a comparatively minimal computational cost. To facilitate future quantitative mesh refinement studies, αGCI lookup tables herein provide a useful tool for guiding the selection of mesh refinement factor and element order.
Roller Bearing Skidding for Aero-Engine Applications: All-Steel Versus Hybrid Bearings
Authors: Dadouche Azzedine , Kerrouche Rami
Published: September 2022

Roller bearings operating under light loads may suffer from skidding. The latter is more pronounced as the speed increases and may result in extensive wear and reduced service life of the bearing. The main objective of this study is to analyze skidding occurrence in a custom-made all-steel M50 bearing and a hybrid roller bearing subjected to the same operating conditions. The test bearings have a bore diameter of 90 mm, an outer diameter of 125 mm and 26 rollers. The hybrid bearing features silicon nitride (Si3N4) rollers and steel rings (M50 outer ring and M50-NIL inner ring). The bearings feature special channels to allow for under race lubrication of the bearing components in relative motion. A suite of sensors were used and installed to detect skidding and monitor the overall performance of the test bearing such as vibrations and temperature. The effect of the radial applied load, shaft rotational speed, and oil flowrate on roller skidding has been investigated and discussed. Slip ratio for each of the bearings under various speed–load combinations was also determined and analyzed. Turbo-Oil 2380 was used to lubricate the test bearings at a constant temperature of 77 °C. Tests were conducted on a high-speed rolling bearing test rig, and data were recorded using a 24-bit data acquisition system.
Occupant Injury and Response on Oblique-Facing Aircraft Seats: A Computational Study
Authors: Somasundaram Karthik , Humm John R. , Khandelwal Prashant , Umale Sagar , Moorcroft David M. , Pintar Frank A.
Published: September 2022

Increased interest in the airline industry to enhance occupant comfort and maximize seating density has prompted the design and installation of obliquely mounted seats in aircraft. Previous oblique whole-body sled tests demonstrated multiple failures, chiefly distraction-associated spinal injuries under oblique impacts. The present computational study was performed with the rationale to examine how oblique loading induces component level responses and associated injury occurrence. The age-specific human body model (HBM) was simulated for two oblique seating conditions (with and without an armrest). The boundary conditions consisted of a 16 g standard aviation crash pulse, 45 deg seat orientation, and with restrained pelvis and lower extremities. The overall biofidelity rating for both conditions ranged from 0.5 to 0.7. The validated models were then used to investigate the influence of pulse intensity and seat orientation by varying the pulse from 16 g to 8 g and seat orientation from 0 deg to 90 deg. A total of 12 parametric simulations were performed. The pulse intensity simulations suggest that the HBM could tolerate 11.2 g without lumbar spine failure, while the possibility of cervical spine failure reduced with the pulse magnitude <9.6 g pulse. The seat orientation study demonstrated that for all seat angles the HBM predicted failure in the cervical and lumbar regions at 16 g; however, the contribution of the tensile load and lateral and flexion moments varied with respect to the change in seat angle. These preliminary outcomes are anticipated to assist in formulating safety standards and in designing countermeasures for oblique seating configurations.
Evaluating View Factors Using a Hybrid Monte-Carlo Method
Authors: Cumber Peter Stewart
Published: September 2022

This paper demonstrates that the well-known method for calculating view factors, the Monte Carlo method, combined with ray tracing is not necessarily the most efficient strategy. The Monte Carlo method and quasi-Monte Carlo method combined with numerical integration, provided the surfaces in a configuration are not too close together, are more accurate for the same run-time than a ray tracing-based Monte Carlo method. The Monte Carlo method based on numerical integration is complementary to the Monte Carlo method based on ray tracing. When many rays are required to calculate an accurate view factor, few function evaluations in a numerical integration approach are necessary to achieve the same accuracy. Where the surfaces in a configuration are touching, the Monte Carlo method with numerical integration converges to the exact view factor very slowly due to a singularity in the view factor multi-integral. For these configurations, a hybrid Monte Carlo method and quasi-Monte Carlo method are demonstrated to be the stochastic methods of choice.
Design, Analysis, and Control of a User-Adaptive Ankle Foot Orthosis
Authors: Zhou Yuan , Liu Lu
Published: September 2022

This chapter presents the design and preliminary evaluation of a user-adaptive ankle foot orthosis (AFO). To begin with, according to structural characteristics of the human ankle as well as foot dimensions of an able-bodied subject, the ankle orthotic device is conceived. Then, based on a common two-degree-of-freedom (DOF) foot model, a coupled AFO–human system is setup. Further, the system's DOFs are derived; the device's mechanism of user adaptation is analyzed and verified using adams software. After that, the layout of a portable orthotic system, as well as a smart insole that detects gait phases, is illustrated. Finally, the orthotic system is tested on the aforementioned subject. Results show that, during the AFO-based walking with assistive torque, the foot's plantarflexion level before the swing stage and dorsiflexion level in the swing stage approximately increase by 3 deg and 4 deg, respectively, relative to the condition of AFO-based walking without assistive torque. Therefore, the orthosis has the potential to aid body propulsion and control toe clearance.
Effect Analysis on the Maximum Nondimensional Temperature in the Cold Plate in Battery Thermal Management System-Based Artificial Neural Network
Authors: M. Sachin Bharadwaj , S. R. Amrut , Ponangi Babu Rao
Published: September 2022

A serpentine channel cold plate is a unique configuration of cold plate used extensively in battery thermal management systems due to its low-pressure drop and high heat transfer performance. Generalized analysis on serpentine channel cold plate for battery thermal management is very limited, especially using the finite element method (FEM). Through this study, we seek to obtain the maximum temperature on the cold plate subjected to uniform heat flux conditions from the Li-ion battery pack. The governing equations for the heat transfer through the cold plate under steady-state conditions are nondimensionalized to reduce the number of operating parameters from 12 to 4. The artificial neural network (ANN) is used to develop a correlation between nondimensionalized maximum temperature and the four nondimensional operating parameters. The ANN prediction has obtained a mean squared error (MSE) loss of the order of 10−6 and R2 value equal to 1 on the validation and test datasets. The temperature surface plots of the cold plate have been obtained for multiple channel configurations. The present study helps in reducing the overall computational time (59.13 s for 1296 simulations) and provides a generalized ANN-based correlation to predict the maximum temperature, which is vital to operate the battery under safe temperature limits.
Marine impacts: Sedimentologic fingerprint of event magnitude
Authors: Herreros M.I. , Ormö J.
Published: September 2022

Previous studies of resurge sediments in drill cores from several marine-target impact craters indicated a relationship among the sedimentology, the target water depth, and the magnitude of the event. This offers a potentially valuable opportunity to obtain one of these variables if the other two are known. However, the mechanisms controlling the relationship have remained enigmatic. During the cratering process, fragments from the solid target are mixed with the seawater, and, after an initial turbulent phase, they commonly get deposited inside the seafloor crater when it is filled up by the resurging water. We present a mathematical model for the aquatic settling process of the resurge material. The starting hypothesis is that the finer particles mixed with water give rise to a fluid mixture in which the density and viscosity will depend on the relative water-to-solid content. This variation of the mixture’s properties will cause a different settling velocity of the coarser particles, and thus different settling patterns will be observed for craters with different relative target water depths.
Quantifying controls on the occurrence of nonmarine fossils
Authors: Regan Anik K. , Rogers Raymond R. , Holland Steven M.
Published: September 2022

Although numerous studies have described differential preservation of nonmarine fossils in channel and floodplain facies, quantitative comparisons are lacking. We present measurements of the probability of occurrence of plant, mollusk, and vertebrate fossils in the Campanian Judith River Formation of north-central Montana, USA. The data reveal little difference in the probability of occurrence among higher taxa in channel and floodplain facies, except for plants, which have a higher probability in floodplain deposits. This surprising result supports more recent models in which many organisms are buried initially in floodplain deposits, but those deposits are subsequently exhumed by migrating rivers, and finally buried in those channels. Comparisons across systems tracts revealed intriguing patterns in which plants have a higher probability of occurrence in high-accommodation systems tracts in channel and floodplain deposits, and vertebrates have a higher probability of occurrence in channels of the low-accommodation systems tract. These results confirm that sequence-stratigraphic architecture should be considered in interpretations of the nonmarine fossil record. This probability of occurrence method has promise for many other comparisons of fossilization potential.
HHV-8-associated multicentric Castleman disease with concurrent Kaposi sarcoma
Authors: Boland Julia L , Beckerman Jennifer Kate , Hanyok Brian T , Akin Esma , McKinnell Zoe
Published: September 2022

Multicentric Castleman disease (MCD) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder typically manifesting with bulky lymphadenopathy in multiple lymph node stations. We describe an atypical presentation of human herpes virus 8 (HHV8)-associated MCD in a middle-aged man with no significant medical history who presented with 1 month of systemic symptoms. He was found to be HIV-1 positive. A physical examination did not reveal palpable lymphadenopathy. A contrast-enhanced CT scan was notable for hepatosplenomegaly and mildly enlarged scattered lymph nodes in the abdomen and pelvis. A positron emission tomography/CT scan demonstrated hypermetabolic cervical chain lymph nodes. Posterior cervical lymph node pathology showed HHV8-positive MCD with concurrent HIV-associated Kaposi sarcoma. The patient was treated with rituximab and liposomal doxorubicin without response. We emphasise the lack of the hallmark of bulky lymphadenopathy in this patient, and the importance of a timely pathological diagnosis in MCD.
Acute seizure risk in patients with encephalitis: development and validation of clinical prediction models from two independent prospective multicentre cohorts
Authors: Wood Greta K , Babar Roshan , Ellul Mark A , Thomas Rhys Huw , Van Den Tooren Harriet , Easton Ava , Tharmaratnam Kukatharmini , Burnside Girvan , Alam Ali M , Castell Hannah , Boardman Sarah , Collie Ceryce , Facer Bethany , Dunai Cordelia , Defres Sylviane , Granerod Julia , Brown David W G , Vincent Angela , Marson Anthony Guy , Irani Sarosh R , Solomon Tom , Michael Benedict D
Published: September 2022

Objective

In patients with encephalitis, the development of acute symptomatic seizures is highly variable, but when present is associated with a worse outcome. We aimed to determine the factors associated with seizures in encephalitis and develop a clinical prediction model.

Methods

We analysed 203 patients from 24 English hospitals (2005–2008) (Cohort 1). Outcome measures were seizures prior to and during admission, inpatient seizures and status epilepticus. A binary logistic regression risk model was converted to a clinical score and independently validated on an additional 233 patients from 31 UK hospitals (2013–2016) (Cohort 2).

Results

In Cohort 1, 121 (60%) patients had a seizure including 103 (51%) with inpatient seizures. Admission Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) ≤8/15 was predictive of subsequent inpatient seizures (OR (95% CI) 5.55 (2.10 to 14.64), p<0.001), including in those without a history of prior seizures at presentation (OR 6.57 (95% CI 1.37 to 31.5), p=0.025).

A clinical model of overall seizure risk identified admission GCS along with aetiology (autoantibody-associated OR 11.99 (95% CI 2.09 to 68.86) and Herpes simplex virus 3.58 (95% CI 1.06 to 12.12)) (area under receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC) =0.75 (95% CI 0.701 to 0.848), p<0.001). The same model was externally validated in Cohort 2 (AUROC=0.744 (95% CI 0.677 to 0.811), p<0.001). A clinical scoring system for stratifying inpatient seizure risk by decile demonstrated good discrimination using variables available on admission; age, GCS and fever (AUROC=0.716 (95% CI 0.634 to 0.798), p<0.001) and once probable aetiology established (AUROC=0.761 (95% CI 0.6840.839), p<0.001).

Conclusion

Age, GCS, fever and aetiology can effectively stratify acute seizure risk in patients with encephalitis. These findings can support the development of targeted interventions and aid clinical trial design for antiseizure medication prophylaxis.
Cerebrospinal fluid sampling for research of Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative diseases when lumbar punctures are performed by anaesthetists
Authors: Atkins Kelly J , Evered Lisbeth , Scott David A , Fowler Christopher , Masters Colin L , Silbert Brendan
Published: September 2022

Objectives

An increasing number of people are undergoing lumbar puncture (LP) for the purposes of research. Performing LP for research purposes introduces considerations that differ from LP performed for clinical, diagnostic or therapeutic reasons. The demand for research LP will greatly increase as biomarkers are used to both diagnose and monitor disease progression in clinical trials. Minimising adverse events is paramount because research participants receive no clinical benefit and often need repeat procedures. We describe the experience of performing LP for research by anaesthetists.

Methods

We reviewed the clinical protocol and incidence of adverse events in 326 research LP in an anaesthesia department.

Results

There was a lower incidence of adverse events compared with previous reports when LP was undertaken for clinical reasons. The incidence of severe post-LP headache was 1.3% when an atraumatic spinal needle with a 27 gauge tip and a 22 gauge shaft was used.

Conclusions

We describe the practice to sample cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by LP for research purposes. Specific practices include the sitting position of the participant, aspiration rather than passive CSF withdrawal, attention to the sterility of the procedure, monitoring of vital signs and importantly the use of 22/27 gauge microtip spinal needle.

Trial registration numbers

ACTRN12612000493842,NCT04623242.
Survey of healthcare professionals’ knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding spontaneous intracranial hypotension
Authors: Cheema Sanjay , Anderson Jane , Duncan Callum , Davagnanam Indran , Armstrong Paul , Redfern Nancy , Ordman Anthony , D’Antona Linda , Nissen Justin , Sayal Parag , Vaughan-Huxley Eyston , Lagrata Susie , Iodice Valeria , Snape-Burns Jessica , Joy Clare , Matharu Manjit
Published: September 2022

Objective

To assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of healthcare professionals regarding the diagnosis and management of spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH).

Methods

We performed a cross-sectional, web-based survey of multiple healthcare professional groups in the UK from June to August 2021. There were 227 respondents to the survey, including 62 general practitioners, 39 emergency medicine physicians, 38 neurologists, 35 radiologists, 20 neurosurgeons, 18 anaesthetists and 15 headache nurse specialists. The majority of the respondents were at the consultant level and all worked in the UK National Health Service.

Results

Few general practitioners or emergency medicine physicians had ever been involved in the care of a patient with SIH or received teaching about SIH. Only 3 of 62 (4.8%) general practitioners and 1 of 39 (2.5%) emergency medicine physicians were confident in recognising the symptoms of SIH. Most neurologists were confident in recognising SIH and performed MRI of the brain as a first-line investigation, although there was variability in the urgency of the request, whether contrast was given or MRI of the spine organised at the same time. Most said they never or rarely performed lumbar puncture for diagnosis of SIH. Most neuroradiologists, but few general radiologists, were confident in interpreting imaging of patients with suspected SIH. Lack of access to epidural blood patching, personnel able to perform myelography, and established management pathways were identified by many respondents as barriers to the treatment of SIH.

Conclusions

We have identified a lack of awareness of SIH among non-specialists, several barriers to optimal treatment of SIH and a variation in current management pathways. The results highlight the need for education of healthcare professionals about SIH and the development of clinical practice guidelines to enable delivery of optimal and equitable care for patients with SIH.