bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Further Delineation of the Clinical Phenotype of Cerebellar Ataxia, Mental Retardation, and Disequilibrium Syndrome Type 4
Authors: Alsahli Saud , Alrifai Muhammad Talal , Al Tala Saeed , Mutairi Fuad Al , Alfadhel Majid
Published: March 2018

Background:

Cerebellar ataxia, mental retardation, and disequilibrium syndrome (CAMRQ) is a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders that have been grouped by shared clinical features; all of these features are transmitted via an autosomal recessive mechanism. Four variants of this syndrome have been identified so far, and each one differs in terms of both clinical and genotypical features. CAMRQ4 is a rare genetic disorder characterized by mental retardation, ataxia or an inability to walk, dysarthria and, in some patients, quadrupedal gait.

Methods:

We investigated three Saudi families with CAMRQ4. Blood samples were collected from the affected patients, their parents, and healthy siblings. DNA was extracted from whole blood, and whole-exome sequencing was performed. Findings were confirmed by segregation analysis, which was performed on other family members.

Results:

Thus far, 17 patients have been affected by CAMRQ4. Genetic analysis of all patients, including our current patients, showed a mutation in the aminophospholipid transporter, class I, type 8A, member 2 gene ( ATP8A2). A series of common phenotypical features have been reported in these patients, with few exceptions. Ataxia, mental retardation, and hypotonia were present in all patients, consanguinity in 90% and abnormal movements in 50%. Moreover, 40% achieved ambulation at least once in their lifetime, 40% had microcephaly, whereas 30% were mute. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain was normal in 60% of patients.

Conclusions:

We described the largest cohort of patients with CAMRQ4 syndrome and identified three novel mutations. CAMRQ4 syndrome should be suspected in patients presenting with ataxia, intellectual disability, hypotonia, microcephaly, choreoathetoid movements, ophthalmoplegia, and global developmental delay, even if brain MRI appears normal.
Dynamic lubrication analysis for a spherical pump
Authors: Guan Dong , Jing Li , Hilton Harry H , Gong Junjie
Published: March 2018

Dynamic lubrication analyses for a spherical pump, consisting of a piston and cylinder, are presented. Contact forces between piston and cylinder are modeled first using an equivalent ball-on-plane model. Both the effects of external loads and operating conditions are considered in a dynamic elastohydrodynamic lubrication model, which is derived from Reynolds equation. Two assumed time-dependent sine-wave and square-wave loads are applied to the model. Fluid film thicknesses are estimated using the model and assumed loads, effects of different structural, and operational parameters, such as piston diameter, radial clearance, applied load, piston speed, lubricant viscosity, and surface roughness, on fluid film thickness are investigated. Fluid film thickness reactions of more realistic smooth and continuous sine wave loads are compared to discontinuous ones in order to verify whether or not assumed ideal loads are acceptable and reliable. Results indicate that piston diameter, speed, lubricant viscosity have positive relations on the dynamic lubrication performance, and increasing these values can improve the dynamic lubrication regime. While the parameters such as radial clearance, applied load, and surface roughness have the verse effects. Furthermore, the impacts of all the above parameters on fluid film are different either. These obtained results can be used to effectively optimize spherical pump lubrication performance.
Government–opposition relations in a fragmented, personalized, and multidimensional setting: The case of Israel
Authors: Tuttnauer Or
Published: March 2018

Patterns of legislative activity in parliamentary regimes have long been defined by political parties and the division between government and opposition. However, several trends in recent years may challenge this distinction by mitigating the electoral connection between parliamentary behavior and electoral competition. Issue multidimensionality, party system fragmentation, and political behavioral personalization, while common to most established democracies, have been extremely pronounced in Israel. Analyzing all legislation votes taken in the Knesset between 2003 and 2014, this article uses the Israeli case to demonstrate how a fragmented opposition and the prevalence of highly personalized, nonpartisan private-member legislation, result in deviation from the familiar government–opposition divide and diminish opposition parties’ vote-seeking behavior in parliamentary votes. As an extreme case of trends that are gaining ground in most established democracies, this case study contributes to the understanding of the effects of general changes to the political system on legislative behavior.
Emergency service experiences of adults with autism spectrum disorder without intellectual disability
Authors: Tint Ami , Palucka Anna M , Bradley Elspeth , Weiss Jonathan A , Lunsky Yona
Published: March 2018

This study aimed to describe patterns of emergency department use and police interactions, as well as satisfaction with emergency services of 40 adults with autism spectrum disorder without intellectual disability over 12–18 months. Approximately 42.5% of the sample reported visiting the emergency department and 32.5% reported interactions with police during the study period. Presenting concerns for emergency department use and police interactions varied widely, highlighting the heterogeneous needs of this population. On average, participants reported being dissatisfied with care received in the emergency department while police interactions were rated relatively more favourably.
Parenting styles and emerging adult depressive symptoms in Cebu, the Philippines
Authors: Hock Rebecca S. , Mendelson Tamar , Surkan Pamela J. , Bass Judith K. , Bradshaw Catherine P. , Hindin Michelle J.
Published: March 2018

Incidence of depressive disorders and symptoms increases during the transition to adulthood. The parenting relationship is a potential target for interventions to reduce risk for depression in offspring during this time period, and a four-category typology of parenting styles (authoritative, permissive, authoritarian, and neglectful) has been found to correlate with offspring psychological functioning. The majority of studies, however, have examined this four-category parenting style typology in Western populations. We used the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey (CLHNS) from the Philippines to assess associations between parenting styles reported by offspring at age 18 and depressive symptoms reported by offspring at age 21 ( N = 1,723). Using adjusted linear regression models, we found that authoritarian and neglectful mothering styles were positively associated with daughters' depressive symptoms, whereas authoritarian mothering was negatively associated with sons' depressive symptoms. Findings suggest both cross-cultural similarities and variability in positive parenting. Results may have implications for family-based depression prevention interventions in the Philippines.
Total sitting time, leisure time physical activity and risk of hospitalization due to low back pain: The Danish Health Examination Survey cohort 2007–2008
Authors: Balling Mie , Holmberg Teresa , Petersen Christina B. , Aadahl Mette , Meyrowitsch Dan W. , Tolstrup Janne S.
Published: March 2018

Aims: This study aimed to test the hypotheses that a high total sitting time and vigorous physical activity in leisure time increase the risk of low back pain and herniated lumbar disc disease. Methods: A total of 76,438 adults answered questions regarding their total sitting time and physical activity during leisure time in the Danish Health Examination Survey 2007–2008. Information on low back pain diagnoses up to 10 September 2015 was obtained from The National Patient Register. The mean follow-up time was 7.4 years. Data were analysed using Cox regression analysis with adjustment for potential confounders. Multiple imputations were performed for missing values. Results: During the follow-up period, 1796 individuals were diagnosed with low back pain, of whom 479 were diagnosed with herniated lumbar disc disease. Total sitting time was not associated with low back pain or herniated lumbar disc disease. However, moderate or vigorous physical activity, as compared to light physical activity, was associated with increased risk of low back pain (HR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.03–1.30 and HR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.15–1.83). Moderate, but not vigorous physical activity was associated with increased risk of herniated lumbar disc disease. Conclusions: The results suggest that total sitting time is not associated with low back pain, but moderate and vigorous physical activity is associated with increased risk of low back pain compared with light physical activity.
Content and validation of the Electronic Patient Medication module (EPM)—the administrative in-hospital drug use database in the Capital Region of Denmark
Authors: Jensen Thomas Bo , Jimenez-Solem Espen , Cortes Rikke , Betzer Cecilie , Bøge Breinholt Sara , Meidahl Petersen Kasper , Studsgaard Petersen Tonny , Kjellberg Jakob , Christensen Hanne Rolighed , Trærup Andersen Jon
Published: March 2018

Aims: Registries on in-hospital drug use are sparse, especially those that can be linked to nationwide registries. In this study, we present and validate the Electronic Patient Medication module (EPM)—the electronic administrative database on in-hospital drug use covering the Capital Region of Denmark. Methods: The research database (EPM-research) is an adaptation of the database underlying the electronic administrative database for in-hospital drug use (EPM-clinic). The validation study was comprised of two sub-studies. Sub-study 1: Accordance of registration between EPM-clinic and EPM-research was investigated by analyzing randomly chosen retrospective patient records. Sub-study 2: Workflows and real-life registration practices were investigated through visits to three different (two medical and one emergency) departments. An observer followed a nurse while dispensing and administering drugs. This information was compared with EPM-research. The primary endpoint for both sub-studies was accordance of generic name between registrations. Secondary endpoints were exact brand name, dose, and time of each administration. Accordance (proportions) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using the Clopper-Pearson method were calculated. The study was approved by the Danish Data Protection Agency (BFH-2016-058-04906) and the Danish Patient Safety Authority (3-3013-1884/1/). Results: In sub-study 1 227 retrospective drug administrations were reviewed. Accordance of generic name was 100.0% (CI 98.4%−100.0%). In sub-study 2 176 drug administrations were observed of which 173 were recorded with identical generic name, resulting in 98.3% (CI 95.1%-99.6%) accordance of data. Conclusions: Our validation of the EPM-research showed very high accordance. With detailed information on in-hospital drug use, the EPM-research may be a useful tool in pharmacoepidemiological research.
Constitutional and post-constitutional problems: Reconsidering the issues of public interest, agonistic pluralism and private property in planning
Authors: Moroni Stefano
Published: March 2018

In the field of planning theory the discussion often seems to assume that all problems – for example, ethical or political ones – pertain to a single level or dimension. In fact, different and clearly separate “levels”, which raise problems of different kinds, can be distinguished. A “multi-level” approach therefore seems necessary. The underlying idea is that it is essential to distinguish more sharply between two analytical levels: the constitutional and post-constitutional levels. These levels are here understood mainly as analytical levels; that is, as standpoints that anyone can – at any time and even only hypothetically – assume to posit certain problems at the appropriate level and treat them by acknowledging the argumentative requirements suited to that level. This article uses such a multi-level approach to address three fundamental and currently much debated problems of planning theory and practice: the issue of “agonistic pluralism”; the issue of “public interest”; the question of “private ownership (of land)”. The contribution of this article falls within the neoinstitutionalist approaches to planning. The belief is that these approaches are shedding new light on planning problems and that research in this direction should be expanded. In this regard, this article attempts to make a contribution to this research perspective especially in analytical and methodological terms.
Vitamin D3 supplementation in adults with bronchiectasis: A pilot study
Authors: Bartley Jim , Garrett Jeff , Camargo Carlos A , Scragg Robert , Vandal Alain , Sisk Rose , Milne David , Tai Ray , Jeon Gene , Cursons Ray , Wong Conroy
Published: March 2018

Vitamin D supplementation prevents acute respiratory infections and, through modulating innate and adaptive immunity, could have a potential role in bronchiectasis management. The primary aims of this pilot study were to assess serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels in New Zealand adults with bronchiectasis, and their 25(OH)D levels after vitamin D3 supplementation. Adults with bronchiectasis received an initial 2.5 mg vitamin D3 oral loading dose and 0.625 mg vitamin D3 weekly for 24 weeks. The primary outcome was serum 25(OH)D levels before and after vitamin D3 supplementation. Secondary outcomes (time to first infective exacerbation, exacerbation frequency, spirometry, health-related quality of life measures, sputum bacteriology and cell counts and chronic rhinosinusitis) were also assessed. This study is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN 12612001222831). The initial, average 25(OH)D level was 71 nmol/L (95% confidence interval (CI): [58, 84]), rising to 218 nmol/L (95% CI: [199, 237]) at 12 weeks and 205 nmol/L (95% CI: [186, 224]) at 24 weeks. The initial serum cathelicidin level was 25 nmol/L (95% CI: [17, 33]), rising to 102 nmol/L (95% CI: [48, 156]) at 12 weeks and 151 nmol/L (95% CI: [97, 205]) at 24 weeks. Over the 24-week study period, we observed statistically significant changes of 1.11 (95% CI: [0.08, 2.14]) in the Leicester Cough Questionnaire and −1.97 (95% CI: [−3.71, −0.23]) in the Dartmouth COOP charts score. No significant adverse effects were recorded. Many New Zealand adults with bronchiectasis have adequate 25(OH)D levels. Weekly vitamin D3 supplementation significantly improved 25(OH)D levels.
A Comparison of Nursing Education and Workforce Planning Initiatives in the United States and England
Authors: White Elizabeth
Published: March 2018

Health care systems in England and the United States are under similar pressures to provide higher quality, more efficient care in the face of aging populations, increasing care complexity, and rising costs. In 2010 and 2011, major strategic reports were published in the two countries with recommendations for how to strengthen their respective nursing workforces to address these challenges. In England, it was the 2010 report of the Prime Minister’s Commission on the Future of Nursing and Midwifery, Front Line Care: The Future of Nursing and Midwifery in England. In the United States, it was the Institute of Medicine’s report The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health. The authors of both reports recommended shifting entry level nursing education to the baccalaureate degree and building capacity within their educational systems to prepare nurses as leaders, educators, and researchers. This article will explore how, with contrasting degrees of success, the nursing education systems in the United States and England have responded to these recommendations and examine how different regulatory and funding structures have hindered or enabled these efforts.
Latino Solo Grandparents Raising Grandchildren
Authors: Whitley Deborah M. , Fuller-Thomson Esme
Published: March 2018

Introduction:

The purpose of this descriptive report is to provide the first representative information on the sociodemographic profile and the prevalence of mental and physical health conditions of two “at-risk” groups of Latino caregivers: solo grandparent caregivers and single parents.

Methods:

The 2012 Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance System was used to compare five dimensions of health on a sample of Latino solo grandparents and Latino single parents, raising their grandchildren/children alone. Bivariate and logistic regression comparative analyses were conducted on study measures.

Results:

Latino solo grandparents have a high prevalence of chronic health conditions, including arthritis (51%), depression (40%), diabetes (34%), and asthma (34%). Latino single parents have lower but troubling health risks, including depression (22%), diabetes (14%), and asthma (14%). Differences between the two groups were largely due to the grandparents older age.

Discussion:

Latino solo grandparents have a high prevalence of several chronic medical conditions. The prevalence of disorders is much lower for Latino single parents, although they too have disturbing health risks.

Conclusion:

Latino solo grandparents perform their parenting role under intense physical and emotional strain. Health professionals can be instrumental in facilitating interventions that affect the well-being of this expanding family group.
Sexual Desire in Opiate-Dependent Men Receiving Methadone-Assisted Treatment
Authors: Yee Anne , Loh Huai Seng , Ng Chong Guan , Sulaiman Ahmad Hatim
Published: March 2018

Low sexual desire (SD) is not life threatening, but its negative impact on the quality of life and intimacy of a relationship among the patients on methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) is significant. This cross-sectional study involved 183 men on MMT who were interviewed and who completed the Malay version of the SDI-2 (SDI-2-BM), the Malay version of the self-rated Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS–BM) and World Health Organization Quality of Life–BREF Scale (WHOQOL–BREF) questionnaires. Findings showed 32.8% ( n = 60) participants had low SD. Those who were older, had sexual partners, and were smokers achieved lower scores in both dyadic SD (≤24) and solitary SD (≤6), and suffered lower quality of life in their social relationship. MMT is very cost-effective in rehabilitating opioid dependence; however, as clinicians, we need to address and manage the issues of low SD and depression among patients on MMT, especially the older men.
Outcomes of arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis in octogenarian population
Authors: Kocaaslan Cemal , Kehlibar Tamer , Yilmaz Mehmet , Mehmetoglu Mehmet E , Gunay Rafet , Aldag Mustafa , Ketenci Bulend , Demirtas Mahmut M
Published: March 2018

Introduction

Guidelines have been recommending the use of arteriovenous fistula among the hemodialysis population, but no clear conclusion has emerged with regard to the adequate access type in octogenarians. In this paper, the outcomes of arteriovenous fistula in octogenarian cohort were presented for death-censored cumulative patency rate, complications, and patients’ survival rate.

Methods

A retrospective review of 88 consecutive arteriovenous fistula interventions in 70 octogenarian patients were performed at one referral institution between January 2010 and June 2014. The patients’ records were analyzed and postoperative complications were documented. Death-censored cumulative arteriovenous fistula patency rates were calculated, and Kaplan–Meier method was used to analyze patient survival for 24 months. Findings: Eighty-eight arteriovenous fistula constructions and six salvage procedures were performed in 70 octogenarians. Fifty-four (61.3%) forearm and 34 (38.7%) upper arm fistulas were created. All types of fistulas had 6-, 12-, 18-, and 24-month death-censored cumulative patency rates of 63.6%, 58.3%, 48.8%, and 41.4%, respectively. The primary failure rate was 40.9%. A total of 15 complications were documented as edema, hematoma/bleeding, infection, distal ischemia, and venous aneurysm, all of which had been treated. Patient survival rates for 12 and 24 months were 68.5% and 58.5%, respectively. Discussion and conclusion: This analysis regarding arteriovenous fistula in octogenarian end-stage renal disease patients figured out equal death-censored cumulative patency compared to nonelderly, and two-year survival rate was acceptable. This study strengthens the argument that arteriovenous fistula should be the best proper choice in selected octogenarians; older age only should not be considered as an absolute contraindication for arteriovenous fistula creation in octogenarians; and patient-based approach should be applied.
The contribution of internet use in personal networks of support for long-term condition self-management
Authors: Allen Chris , Vassilev Ivaylo , Lin Sharon Xiaowen , Culliford David , Rogers Anne
Published: March 2018

Objectives

To describe the individual and network characteristics of the personal communities of people using the internet and the role of offline support, network resources and community participation in using the internet for condition management.

Methods

Secondary analysis of survey data using logistic regression analysis to determine the factors associated with differential internet use for condition management. This study involved 300 participants from 19 primary care providers in Manchester in 2010 and 2011.

Results

Using the internet is associated with age, deprivation, education and having access to a personal network member who understands how to fix computer problems. Those using the internet for condition management received more offline emotional work. No associations were found between using the internet for health and other types of offline support. Those using the internet for support reported lower levels of happiness.

Conclusion

Network processes and engagement shape online contact and use of resources for condition management. Those with access to personal networks who provide emotional work are likely to make use of online resources during non-crisis situations, suggesting that these resources act as an extension of offline network support. Those with greater levels of unhappiness may more frequently look to the internet for support.
Re-imagining the Indian state: External forces and the transformation of telecommunications policy, 1947–present
Authors: Agur Colin
Published: March 2018

This article examines Indian telecom policy from independence to the present. Dividing this period into three phases – from 1947 to 1984, 1984 to 1991 and 1991 to the present – the article explores the role of the state in India’s dramatic transformation from a telecommunications laggard to one of the world’s largest markets in mobile communication. It draws on a wide range of government documents, institutional surveys (domestic and international) of Indian telephony, memoirs and analyses by policy officials, and interviews with telecom executives. This article makes two arguments. First, it emphasizes the importance of external forces, including economic pressures, obligations to foreign creditors and the arrival of outsiders into key policymaking positions. Second, it provides an alternative to the simplistic argument that the state has ‘left telecommunications to the private sector’. Rather than abandon its role in network building and maintenance, the Indian government has deployed its power in specific and deliberate ways. While much of this policy development was unanticipated and at times accidental, Indian telephony has been transformed from an inward-looking and defensive statist monopoly to an internationalized, technocratic marketplace.
Manufacturing resilience: An analysis of broadcast and Web-based news presentations of the 2014–2015 Russian economic downturn
Authors: Cooley Skye C , Stokes Ethan C
Published: March 2018

This study aims to better understand how various Russian news outlets present stories pertaining to Russia’s recent economic downturn and future economic outlook. This study analysed over 1500 Russian broadcast TV and online news stories. Among its major findings are the following: (1) calls for Russia to diversify its economy by accelerating trade agreements and cooperation with Eurasian Economic Union and BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) nations, (2) presenting China as critical to Russia’s economic future, (3) presenting Russia’s economy as strong due to natural resources and (4) framing the United States negatively by calling for strategies to counter Western economic sanctions. Strategic and policy implications are discussed at length.
Everything’s negative about Nigeria: A study of US media reporting on Nigeria
Authors: Adegbola Oluseyi , Skarda-Mitchell Jacqueline , Gearhart Sherice
Published: March 2018

Previous research on international communication cites under-reporting and negative coverage as major problems of Western media reporting of the African continent. These problems are present specifically in US television coverage of African countries. Utilising agenda-setting and media framing theory, this study content analyses US television media coverage of Nigeria, Africa’s largest economy and most populous nation, in two 5-year time periods, 2005–2009 and 2010–2014. Reports broadcast by the big three networks (ABC, CBS, and NBC) were coded for issues, sources, valence, and frames ( N = 643). Results corroborate existing research regarding the predominance of episodic frames and negative coverage across time periods. New findings concerning coverage of Nigeria by Western media organisations are discussed.
Predictive airframe maintenance strategies using model-based prognostics
Authors: Wang Yiwei , Gogu Christian , Binaud Nicolas , Bes Christian , Haftka Raphael T , Kim Nam-Ho
Published: March 2018

Aircraft panel maintenance is typically based on scheduled inspections during which the panel damage size is compared to a repair threshold value, set to ensure a desirable reliability for the entire fleet. This policy is very conservative since it does not consider that damage size evolution can be very different on different panels, due to material variability and other factors. With the progress of sensor technology, data acquisition and storage techniques, and data processing algorithms, structural health monitoring systems are increasingly being considered by the aviation industry. Aiming at reducing the conservativeness of the current maintenance approaches, and, thus, at reducing the maintenance cost, we employ a model-based prognostics method developed in a previous work to predict the future damage growth of each aircraft panel. This allows deciding whether a given panel should be repaired considering the prediction of the future evolution of its damage, rather than its current health state. Two predictive maintenance strategies based on the developed prognostic model are proposed in this work and applied to fatigue damage propagation in fuselage panels. The parameters of the damage growth model are assumed to be unknown and the information on damage evolution is provided by noisy structural health monitoring measurements. We propose a numerical case study where the maintenance process of an entire fleet of aircraft is simulated, considering the variability of damage model parameters among the panel population as well as the uncertainty of pressure differential during the damage propagation process. The proposed predictive maintenance strategies are compared to other maintenance strategies using a cost model. The results show that the proposed predictive maintenance strategies significantly reduce the unnecessary repair interventions, and, thus, they lead to major cost savings.
Venous air embolus during percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy: A case report
Authors: Thomas Katherine , Majuran Manohasandra , Thomas Matt
Published: March 2018

We describe the first case of venous air embolism during percutaneous tracheostomy performed during continuous renal replacement therapy with citrate anticoagulation. Venous air embolism is a known risk during percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy; concurrent use of extracorporeal circuits may present a compounded risk due to the negative pressure developed by the blood pump. Use of regional citrate anticoagulation, permitting invasive procedures to be performed without discontinuing renal replacement therapy, may lead to an increase in the incidence of venous air embolism during tracheostomy.
Activity gains after upper limb surgery for spasticity in patients with spinal cord injury
Authors: Wangdell Johanna , Reinholdt Carina , Fridén Jan
Published: March 2018

Spasticity is a common and increasingly prevalent secondary complication of spinal cord injury. The aim of the study was to evaluate patient-experienced gains in prioritized activities after surgery to reduce the effects of spasticity in upper limbs in tetraplegia. The study includes evaluation of 30 operations for 27 patients performed on hypertonic tetraplegic hands during 2007–2015 using the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. Activity performance increased at both 6 months and 12 months by a mean of 3.0 and 2.9 points, respectively. Satisfaction increased by 3.3 and 3.4, respectively. All types of activities improved, with wheelchair manoeuvring as one of the highest rated. The intervention increased prioritized activity performance and persisted at least 12 months after surgery. Patients with mild upper limb impairment showed greater improvement after surgery. After operation, patients were able to perform 71% of their prioritized activities, which they could not perform before. Patients’ satisfaction with the performance was high.

Level of evidence: IV
Experimental Methods for Inducing Basic Emotions: A Qualitative Review
Authors: Siedlecka Ewa , Denson Thomas F.
Published: March 2018

Experimental emotion inductions provide the strongest causal evidence of the effects of emotions on psychological and physiological outcomes. In the present qualitative review, we evaluated five common experimental emotion induction techniques: visual stimuli, music, autobiographical recall, situational procedures, and imagery. For each technique, we discuss the extent to which they induce six basic emotions: anger, disgust, surprise, happiness, fear, and sadness. For each emotion, we discuss the relative influences of the induction methods on subjective emotional experience and physiological responses (e.g., heart rate, blood pressure). Based on the literature reviewed, we make emotion-specific recommendations for induction methods to use in experiments.
Thyroid cancer
Authors: Mills Jonathan , Dalleywater William
Published: March 2018

Thyroid neoplasms represent the most-common endocrine tumour and constitute an extremely varied spectrum of disease. At the most severe end, they may have a very poor prognosis. Malignant thyroid tumours constitute around 1% of cancers and cancer-specific deaths in the UK, with just under 3000 new diagnoses each year and around 350 deaths annually in the UK alone. Although the incidence has doubled over the last 20 years, the mortality rate among men has not changed, although survival rates have improved in women. Thyroid cancer originates from follicular or parafollicular thyroid cells that can give rise to cancer that is well-differentiated to poorly differentiated. Most tumours retain endocrine differentiation, however, and may cause problematic symptoms from aberrant hormone levels.
Thyroid problems
Authors: Grove Elizabeth
Published: March 2018

Thyroid disorders are the most-common endocrine conditions managed within primary care. Such disorders can present insidiously, but are associated with significant morbidity, and therefore, a high index of clinical suspicion is required for diagnosis. GPs need to be able to interpret the results of thyroid function tests, manage thyroid dysfunction and refer appropriately to secondary care. This article aims to provide an overview of disorders of thyroid hormone production including hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism and thyroid emergencies, and to consider problems of thyroid anatomy including goitres and nodules.
Transfer of an economic unit: Requirements, effects and recent CJEU ruling1
Authors: Martins David Carvalho
Published: March 2018

The present paper intends to present the requirements on which the application of the transfer of an undertaking regulation depends. Therefore, it summarises the positive and negative conditions to be fulfilled – taking into account chiefly the Portuguese experience and other jurisdictions – followed by the identification of its effects and a brief analysis of the CJEU rulings from 2013 until 2017.
Trigger alerts associated with laboratory abnormalities on identifying potentially preventable adverse drug events in the intensive care unit and general ward
Authors: Buckley Mitchell S. , Rasmussen Jeffrey R. , Bikin Dale S. , Richards Emily C. , Berry Andrew J. , Culver Mark A. , Rivosecchi Ryan M. , Kane-Gill Sandra L.
Published: March 2018

Background

Medication safety strategies involving trigger alerts have demonstrated potential in identifying drug-related hazardous conditions (DRHCs) and preventing adverse drug events in hospitalized patients. However, trigger alert effectiveness between intensive care unit (ICU) and general ward patients remains unknown. The objective was to investigate trigger alert performance in accurately identifying DRHCs associated with laboratory abnormalities in ICU and non-ICU settings.

Methods

This retrospective, observational study was conducted at a university hospital over a 1-year period involving 20 unique trigger alerts aimed at identifying possible drug-induced laboratory abnormalities. The primary outcome was to determine the positive predictive value (PPV) in distinguishing drug-induced abnormal laboratory values using trigger alerts in critically ill and general ward patients. Aberrant lab values attributed to medications without resulting in an actual adverse event ensuing were categorized as a DRHC.

Results

A total of 634 patients involving 870 trigger alerts were included. The distribution of trigger alerts generated occurred more commonly in general ward patients (59.8%) than those in the ICU (40.2%). The overall PPV in detecting a DRHC in all hospitalized patients was 0.29, while the PPV in non-ICU patients (0.31) was significantly higher than the critically ill (0.25) ( p = 0.03). However, the rate of DRHCs was significantly higher in the ICU than the general ward (7.49 versus 0.87 events per 1000 patient days, respectively, p < 0.0001). Although most DRHCs were considered mild or moderate in severity, more serious and life-threatening DRHCs occurred in the ICU compared with the general ward (39.8% versus 12.4%, respectively, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Overall, most trigger alerts performed poorly in detecting DRHCs irrespective of patient care setting. Continuous process improvement practices should be applied to trigger alert performance to improve clinician time efficiency and minimize alert fatigue.
Families, resources, and learning around Pokémon Go
Authors: Tran Kelly M
Published: March 2018

In this study, I detail three families who play the popular mobile augmented reality game Pokémon Go together. I discuss the parents’ perceptions of the game’s educational merits and potential drawbacks and detail how learning occurs around the game. Using the framework of Distributed Teaching and Learning Systems, I argue that Pokémon Go and other games and digital media experiences that families engage with at home can be powerful resources, which connect and integrate with other sites and resources, both in-school and out-of-school. In the case of these families, parents engage in explicit teaching around the game and share information that they have learned online. The findings presented here have implications for researchers, educators, and designers.
A Social Networks Approach to Online Social Movement: Social Mediators and Mediated Content in #FreeAJStaff Twitter Network
Authors: Isa Daud , Himelboim Itai
Published: March 2018

The movement to free Al Jazeera journalists (#FreeAJStaff), imprisoned by Egyptian authorities, utilized social media over almost 2 years, between 2013 and 2015. #FreeAJStaff movement emerged as a unique blend of social movement and news media, taking place primarily on Twitter. This study applied a social networks approach to examine patterns of information flow within the #FreeAJStaff movement on Twitter: the emergence of information siloes and social mediators, who bridge them. Twitter data of 22 months were collected, resulting in social networks created by 71,326 users who included the hashtag #FreeAJStaff in their tweets, and 149,650 social ties (mentions and replies) among them. Analysis found social mediators to be primarily core movement actors (e.g., Al Jazeera) or elites (e.g., politicians), rather than grassroots actors. Furthermore, core actors exhibited more reciprocal relationship with other users than elite actors. In contrast, elite actors evoked denser exchange of messages. Finally, this study identified the mechanism used to create a Spillover Effect between social movements (such as #FreeAJStaff and #FreeShawkan), finding that mediated content, which travels across clusters, was more likely to include non-FreeAJStaff movement hashtags, than siloed content, which remains within a cluster. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Septic Arthritis After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Clinical and Functional Outcomes Based on Graft Retention or Removal
Authors: Waterman Brian R. , Arroyo William , Cotter Eric J. , Zacchilli Michael A. , Garcia E’Stephan J. , Owens Brett D.
Published: March 2018

Background:

There remains a debate over whether to retain the index anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) graft in the setting of septic arthritis.

Purpose:

To evaluate and compare clinical outcomes for the treatment of septic arthritis after ACL reconstruction (ACLR) in those with and without early graft retention.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

The Military Health System was queried for all ACLR procedures performed between 2007 and 2013. Inclusion criteria required active military status, primary ACLR with secondary septic arthritis, and minimum 24-month surveillance. Demographic, clinical, and surgical variables were evaluated using descriptive statistics and regression analysis for factors influencing selected outcomes.

Results:

Of 9511 ACLR procedures, 31 (0.32%) were identified as having secondary septic arthritis requiring urgent arthroscopic irrigation and debridement and intravenous antibiotics (mean, 6.3 weeks). The majority (62%) were treated in the subacute (2 weeks to 2 months) setting. Index ACLR was performed with a hamstring autograft (n = 17, 55%), soft tissue allograft (n = 11, 35%), and patellar tendon autograft (n = 3, 10%). The graft was retained in 71% (n = 22) of patients, while 29% (n = 9) underwent early graft debridement. At a mean 26.9-month follow-up, 48% of patients (n = 15) had returned to the military. Graft removal was not predictive of return to active duty ( P = .29). The presence of postoperative complications, including symptomatic postinfection arthritis (22.6%) and arthrofibrosis (9.7%), was the only variable predictive of inability to return to duty (odds ratio, 27.5 [95% CI, 3.24-233.47]; P = .002). Seven of 9 patients who underwent graft debridement underwent revision ACLR, and all 7 had stable knees at final follow-up compared with 68% (15/22) in the graft retention group.

Conclusion:

Arthroscopic debridement with early graft removal and staged revision ACLR remains a viable option for restoring knee stability (100%), although the rate of return to active duty was low in the graft resection group (33%). The risk of knee laxity did not differ based on early graft retention. Time to presentation with graft retention was not associated with a decreased rate of graft laxity.
Making the Tea Party Republican: Media Bias and Framing in Newspapers and Cable News
Authors: Rafail Patrick , McCarthy John D.
Published: March 2018

Research on the Tea Party emphasizes the role of Fox News in magnifying the movement’s early successes. Fox News is credited with legitimizing the Tea Party’s grievances, allowing the movement to make rapid inroads into the Republican Party. We argue that such depictions of the Tea Party’s relationship to the Republican Party are at least partially the product of an oversimplified media narrative emphasizing the seamless integration of the two. We analyze 201,678 media documents from blog posts from Tea Party organizations, Fox News, MSNBC, and 785 newspapers. Our results show marked differences between how the Tea Party frames itself compared with other media sources frame the movement. MSNBC and Fox News discuss the Tea Party strategically, respectively, treating the movement as representing the worst and best aspects of the Republican Party. This is in stark contrast to how the activists frame the movement as conservative, but not strictly Republican, and often in conflict with the goals of the Republican Party.
Neighborhoods, Race, and the Twenty-first-century Housing Appraisal Industry
Authors: Howell Junia , Korver-Glenn Elizabeth
Published: March 2018

The history of the U.S. housing market is bound up in systemic, explicit racism. However, little research has investigated whether racial inequality also persists in the contemporary appraisal industry and, if present, how it happens. The present article addresses this gap by centering the appraisal industry as a key housing market player in the reproduction of racial inequality. Using a census of all single-family tax-appraised homes in Harris County (Houston), Texas, the authors examine the influence of neighborhood racial composition on home values independent of home characteristics and quality; neighborhood housing stock, socioeconomic status, and amenities; and consumer housing demand. Noting that substantial neighborhood racial inequality in home values persists even when these variables are accounted for, the authors then use ethnographic and interview data to investigate the appraisal processes that enable this inequality to continue. The findings suggest that variation in appraisal methods coupled with appraisers’ racialized perceptions of neighborhoods perpetuates neighborhood racial disparities in home value. The authors conclude with suggestions for future research and policy interventions aimed at standardizing the appraisal process.
BTKCys481Ser drives ibrutinib resistance via ERK1/2 and protects BTKwild-type MYD88-mutated cells by a paracrine mechanism
Authors: Chen Jiaji G. , Liu Xia , Munshi Manit , Xu Lian , Tsakmaklis Nicholas , Demos Maria G. , Kofides Amanda , Guerrera Maria Luisa , Chan Gloria G. , Patterson Christopher J. , Meid Kirsten , Gustine Joshua , Dubeau Toni , Severns Patricia , Castillo Jorge J. , Hunter Zachary R. , Wang Jinhua , Buhrlage Sara J. , Gray Nathanael S. , Treon Steven P. , Yang Guang
Published: March 2018

Key Points

BTKCys481 mutation results in ERK1/2 mediated survival signaling and ibrutinib resistance in MYD88-mutated cells. BTKCys481 mutation confers a protective effect against ibrutinib on neighboring BTK wild-type cells through a paracrine mechanism.
Immunological and toxicological risk assessment of e-cigarettes
Authors: Kaur Gagandeep , Pinkston Rakeysha , Mclemore Benathel , Dorsey Waneene C. , Batra Sanjay
Published: March 2018

Knowledge of the long-term toxicological and immunological effects of e-cigarette (e-cig) aerosols remains elusive due to the relatively short existence of vaping. Therefore, we performed a systematic search of articles published in public databases and analysed the research evidence in order to provide critical information regarding e-cig safety. Electronic nicotine delivery systems (or e-cigs) are an alternative to traditional cigarettes for the delivery of nicotine and are typically filled with glycerol or propylene glycol-based solutions known as e-liquids. Though present in lower quantities, e-cig aerosols are known to contain many of the harmful chemicals found in tobacco smoke. However, due to the paucity of experimental data and contradictory evidence, it is difficult to draw conclusive outcomes regarding toxicological, immunological and clinical impacts of e-cig aerosols. Excessive vaping has been reported to induce inflammatory responses including mitogen-activated protein kinase, Janus tyrosine kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription and nuclear factor-κB signalling, similar to that induced by tobacco smoke. Based on recent evidence, prolonged exposure to some constituents of e-cig aerosols might result in respiratory complications such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and inflammation. Future studies are warranted that focus on establishing correlations between e-cig types, generations and e-liquid flavours and immunological and toxicological profiles to broaden our understanding about the effects of vaping.
Update of the ERS international Adult Respiratory Medicine syllabus for postgraduate training
Authors: Tabin Nathalie , Mitchell Sharon , O’Connell Elaine , Stolz Daiana , Rohde Gernot
Published: March 2018

First published in 2006, the first European core syllabus in Adult Respiratory Medicine was developed with the intention of harmonising education and training throughout Europe. Internationally recognised by the European Union of Medical Specialists and identified as the first document of its kind in respiratory medicine, it has provided a comprehensive guide for both local and national institutions in the development of adult respiratory training programmes.

Like all fields in education, respiratory medicine is an ever-changing area and as such, respective syllabi, curricula and training programmes must adapt and diversify in line with the evolution of core medical concepts. Given the proven importance of the Adult Respiratory Medicine syllabus from both a national and international standpoint, it is of equal importance that said syllabus remains abreast of emerging trends so as to sustain the synchronisation of respiratory medicine in Europe. In order to develop an updated programme, a comprehensive review process of the current syllabus is a necessary endeavour and a step that the European Respiratory Society (ERS) has undertaken through the process of a needs assessment.