bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sex differences in the functional morphology of coronary arteries in embryonic mice
Authors: Nagasawa Shion , Kodama Masami , Hagiwara Ryu , Sakamoto Kazuho , Nishiyama Koichi , Arima Yuichiro , Kurihara Hiroki , Kurokawa Junko
Published: October 2024

This study introduces a novel coronary angiography method for analyzing murine embryonic hearts, revealing sex differences in coronary artery morphology and contractile function in the late stage of the fetal period. By categorizing heart components based on size, we unveil nuanced insights into sexual dimorphism during this critical fetal period. This work contributes insights into the early origins of sexual dimorphism in coronary vessels, laying the foundation for further understanding of cardiovascular development.
Elastic and Thermoelastic Properties of Nanotube and Nanoplatelet‐Reinforced Hybrid Nanocomposites
Authors: Dong Chensong
Published: October 2024

Introducing novel advancements in hybrid nanocomposites, this paper presents a comprehensive theoretical investigation into the stiffness and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of nanotube (NT) and nanoplatelet (NP)‐reinforced materials. Employing the Mori–Tanaka method, the study unveils the effective stiffness and CTE values. With the developed modeling approach, the research delves into hybrid nanocomposites of diverse configurations, ranging from unidirectional arrangements to intricate 2D and 3D random structures. By exploring the effects of hybridization across these configurations, valuable insights into the optimal design and performance of the hybrid nanocomposites are uncovered.
Enumerating Problems Concerning Endomorphisms of Double Vertex Wheel Graphs
Authors: Li Yu , Hou Hailong , Xu Kaidi
Published: October 2024

We can define six classes of endomorphisms on a graph, and they always form a chain based on set inclusion. The concepts of endomorphism type and endomorphism spectrum were introduced by Böttcher and Knauer in 1992. They provided a systematic and organized approach to study endomorphisms of graphs. In this paper, we focus on the double vertex wheel graphs and provide a detailed description of their endomorphism spectra and endomorphism types.
A Spatial Clustering and Matching Game–Based Multihop Routing Algorithm for Heterogeneous UAVs
Authors: Chen Jinchao , Li Haoxiang , Du Chenglie , Tian Xuewei , Wang Sen , Zhou Xin
Published: October 2024

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) clusters are increasingly deployed in military and civilian applications, necessitating efficient and reliable communication networks for cooperative operations. However, heterogeneous UAVs pose significant challenges for data transmission within and outside the cluster due to their high mobility, rapid topology changes, and limited node energy. For the routing planning problem of transmitting data from autonomous, heterogeneous UAVs to the cloud, existing methods struggle to accommodate the heterogeneity of UAVs and the communication bandwidth requirements, given the NP‐hard nature of the problem. To address this issue, this paper first constructs an exact model based on mixed‐integer linear programming to describe the heterogeneous UAVs, comprehensively searches the solution space, and generates a reasonable routing scheme for the heterogeneous UAVs, guiding the cluster communication network system design. Secondly, a heuristic algorithm is proposed that leverages density–based spatial clustering and matching game theory. The algorithm calculates relay nodes based on local density and relative distance. It generates an approximate optimal data transmission path for each UAV through a multilevel matching process, effectively reducing communication delay within the cluster. Finally, the paper conducts simulation experiments in randomly generated regional scenarios to validate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Conceptual Analysis of Family Support in the Context of Tuberculosis: Developing a Theoretical Definition
Authors: Pinargote-Chancay Rosa del Rocío , Rojas‐Reyes Jennifer , Fuentes-Ramírez Alejandra
Published: October 2024

Background: Family support in patients with tuberculosis (TB) in a concept that does not have definition and attributes that clarify the evolution of the concept, its usefulness, and practicality in the context of science.

Objective: To clarify the progress of the concept of family support in patients with TB in the nursing area through the concept analysis technique.

Data Source: We searched the databases MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Ovid Nursing, and Scopus. The keywords used were “family support,” “tuberculosis,” and “nursing” combined with the Boolean operator “AND” as follows: ((family support) AND (tuberculosis)) AND (nursing).

Method of Revision: The method of concept analysis proposed by Hupcey and Morse was used, which consists of four principles: epistemological, linguistic, logical, and pragmatic.

Results and Discussion: Epistemologically, it was established that family support offers a positive influence that facilitates and strengthens interrelationships with the other; linguistically, it was found that its definition as support and trust is consistent with the literature; logically, it was determined that there are theories that address family support and family interrelationships as a priority source for treatment; and in the pragmatic, the maturity of the concept is not declared, but the presence of empirical indicators that validate the attributes in science is declared.

Conclusion: The use of the methodology contributed to the identification of the attributes of the concept and some definitions, instruments, and usefulness in different disciplines.
Antidiabetic Potential of Mushroom‐Based Herbal Formulation in Streptozotocin‐Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Saleem Bisma , Hussain Ghulam , Rasul Azhar , Anwar Haseeb , Hassan Mudassir
Published: October 2024

Diabetes mellitus, a high‐morbidity endocrine disease, is typically treated with synthetic hypoglycemic drugs that are costly and have severe side effects. Natural products, like mushrooms, offer a cost‐effective, accessible, and eco‐friendly alternative. Current study intends to examine the antidiabetic potential of mushroom‐based herbal formulation (MHF) on streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats. For this purpose, five different groups of Wister rats were established including one normal group. Among four diabetic groups, one group served as the diabetic control, while the remaining two groups were administrated with MHF 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg, respectively, and the fifth was administered with metformin for 28 days. On the last day of experiment, all rats were sacrificed, and samples were collected for different analysis. The study outcomes revealed that the administration of MHF to diabetic rats resulted in remarkable (p < 0.001) improvements in fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels and glycated hemoglobin along with other biochemical markers. The histopathological examination also showed the protective effect of MHF against diabetic‐induced damage in the pancreas, kidney, and liver. It also helps in the regeneration of β‐cells in the pancreas. These findings suggest MHF is a safer and more effective alternative for managing diabetes.
Disseminated Intracranial and Spinal Neurenteric Cysts: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Feher Jan Kuschick , Marin-Castañeda Luis A. , Juárez-Tovar Fernando S. , Carrillo-Mezo Roger , Rosas Gabriela , Tena-Suck Martha Lilia , Fleury Agnès
Published: October 2024

Neurenteric cysts (NECs) are rare congenital, benign lesions of the central nervous system (CNS), predominantly located within the spinal cord. However, they may also occur less frequently within the brainstem, fourth ventricle, or cerebellopontine angle (CPA). Originating from anomalous interactions between embryonic layers, NECs are recognized for their potential to compress adjacent structures. We report a unique case of disseminated NECs exhibiting few to absent symptoms, which represents an unusual presentation of this disease, with only six similar reports in the literature. A 22‐year‐old female presented to our institute with chronic headaches resistant to nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Initially treated for intracranial hypertension (ICH) secondary to a cyst in the quadrigeminal cistern at the age of 17 via neuroendoscopic surgery and subsequent ventriculoperitoneal shunting, she experienced transient relief. However, follow‐up at 22 years of age revealed multiple cysts in the basal and spinal cisterns, with MRI findings suggestive of neurocysticercosis. Despite treatment with albendazole and corticosteroids, subsequent MRIs showed no change in the size or number of the cysts. Six years later, symptoms had worsened, previously identified cysts had grown, and the detection of new cysts prompted surgical intervention. Histopathological examination confirmed the presence of NECs. This case highlights the diagnostic challenges posed by NECs, especially in regions endemic for neurocysticercosis, where clinical and radiological findings may initially suggest this condition. It underscores the importance of considering NECs in the differential diagnosis of cystic lesions in the CNS, even in the absence of typical symptoms of spinal cord compression. The recurrence and spread of NECs post‐treatment demand a comprehensive management approach, encompassing surgical intervention and close monitoring.
An Analytical Seismic Response for Rigid Underground Rectangular Tunnel Subjected to Incident P Waves
Authors: Liu Yang , Bai Chun , Li Hexiang
Published: October 2024

A diffraction model based on the diffraction theory of elastic waves for the dynamic response of underground rectangular tunnel subjected to incident P waves is established. The rectangular structure is assumed to be a movable rigid body embedded in a homogenous, isotropic, and linear elastic medium. One particular advantage of the model is that the effects of vital factors such as the rigid scattering, radiation scattering, as well as the two‐dimensional scattering effect, and the wedge diffraction during movement are fully considered. The numerical method is verified by comparing with experimental data and other solutions in the literature. In addition, a parametric analysis of the effects of the incident angle, surrounding rock medium, and aspect ratio on the tunnel is also presented. The results show that with the increase of the incident angle, different parts of the tunnel exhibit obvious nonuniform distribution characteristics, and the bending moment of the sidewall is greater than that of the top slab. When the impedance ratio exceeds 0.26, the influence of surrounding rock characteristics on the dynamics of structure is more obvious; with the increase of the aspect ratio, the peak values of axial force at the top slab increases, whereas it decreases at the sidewall.
Anlotinib plus TQB2450, a PD-L1 Antibody, in Patients with Advanced Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma: A Single-Arm, Phase II Trial
Authors: Tan Zhichao , Wu Yan , Fan Zhengfu , Gao Tian , Guo Wei , Bai Chujie , Xue Ruifeng , Li Shu , Zhang Lu , Wang Xinyu , Jia Ling , Liu Jiayong
Published: October 2024

Purpose:

Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) is an ultrarare soft-tissue sarcoma with a high rate of metastasis and no established treatment. This study aimed to explore the efficacy and safety of anlotinib (a tyrosine kinase inhibitor) and TQB2450 (a PD-L1 inhibitor) in patients with ASPS.

Patients and Methods:

This single-arm, phase II study evaluated the efficacy of TQB2450, an anti–PD-L1 agent, combined with anlotinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in adults with advanced ASPS. TQB2450 was given intravenously (1,200 mg) on day 1, and anlotinib (12 mg/day) was taken orally from day 1 to 14 every 3 weeks. The primary endpoint was overall response rate, with secondary endpoints including duration of response, progression-free survival, and overall survival. Lymphocyte infiltration and tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) were also analyzed as potential prognostic biomarkers.

Results:

The study enrolled 29 patients, of whom 28 were evaluable (one withdrew because of acute pancreatitis). An objective response was achieved in 82.1% of patients, including 4 complete and 19 partial responses. The median time to response was 2.8 months, and the duration of response was not reached, with an estimated median progression-free survival of 35.2 months. Grade 3 to 4 treatment-related adverse events occurred in 44.8% of patients, with no study-related deaths. Responders had a higher proportion of TLS area, TLS density, and CD20-positive immune cells.

Conclusions:

The combination of anlotinib and TQB2450 is effective and tolerable in patients with ASPS. TLS may serve as a prognostic biomarker, meriting further investigation.
Germline DNA Damage Repair Variants and Prognosis of Patients with High-Risk or Metastatic Prostate Cancer
Authors: Stopsack Konrad H. , Vijai Joseph , Conry Michael , Berchuck Jacob E. , Kemel Yelena , Vasselman Samantha E. , Freeman Dory A. , Lee Gwo-Shu M. , Mandelker Diana , Solit David B. , Morris Michael J. , Penney Kathryn L. , Abida Wassim , Offit Kenneth , Mucci Lorelei A. , Kantoff Philip W. , Pomerantz Mark M.
Published: October 2024

Purpose:

Deleterious germline variants in certain DNA repair genes are risk factors for developing aggressive prostate cancer. The objective was to quantify their prognostic impact after prostate cancer diagnosis.

Experimental Design:

Men with prostate cancer, predominantly of European ancestry, were included from four cohorts with long-term follow-up. Pathogenic or likely pathogenic germline variants in 26 DNA repair genes were assessed in relation to metastasis-free survival in high-risk localized prostate cancer and to overall survival in metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) and metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).

Results:

Among 3,525 patients initially diagnosed with nonmetastatic prostate cancer, 2,594 had high-risk localized prostate cancer, 429 had mCSPC, and 502 had mCRPC at inclusion. BRCA2 variant carriers did not have worse metastasis-free survival in high-risk localized prostate cancer [hazard ratio (HR), 1.01; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.69–1.46] or overall survival in mCSPC (HR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.14–1.45) or mCRPC (HR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.31–1.17) compared with noncarriers of DNA repair variants. Among 868 additional patients with de novo metastatic (M1) prostate cancer, BRCA2 variant carriers tended to have worse overall survival (HR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.01–2.51). BRCA2 prognostic associations were not explained by radiation, PARP inhibitor, or platinum therapy. Results for other genes were limited in precision because variants were less common.

Conclusions:

Among patients with high-risk or metastatic prostate cancer who were initially diagnosed with and treated for nonmetastatic tumors, germline DNA repair variants in BRCA2 do not confer a substantially worse prognosis.
Table S2 from A Precision Engineered Interleukin-2 for Bolstering CD8+ T- and NK-cell Activity without Eosinophilia and Vascular Leak Syndrome in Nonhuman Primates
Authors: Ma Lina , Acuff Nicole V. , Joseph Ingrid B. , Ptacin Jerod L. , Caffaro Carolina E. , San Jose Kristine M. , Aerni Hans R. , Carrio Roberto , Byers Anthony M. , Herman Rob W. , Pavlova Yelena , Pena Michael J. , Chen David B. , Buetz Christen , Ismaili Taylor K. , Pham Helene V. , Cucchetti Margot , Sassoon Ingrid , Koriazova Lilia K. , Leveque Joseph A. , Shawver Laura K. , Mooney Jill M. , Milla Marcos E.
Published: October 2024

Table S2
Figure S6 from A Precision Engineered Interleukin-2 for Bolstering CD8+ T- and NK-cell Activity without Eosinophilia and Vascular Leak Syndrome in Nonhuman Primates
Authors: Ma Lina , Acuff Nicole V. , Joseph Ingrid B. , Ptacin Jerod L. , Caffaro Carolina E. , San Jose Kristine M. , Aerni Hans R. , Carrio Roberto , Byers Anthony M. , Herman Rob W. , Pavlova Yelena , Pena Michael J. , Chen David B. , Buetz Christen , Ismaili Taylor K. , Pham Helene V. , Cucchetti Margot , Sassoon Ingrid , Koriazova Lilia K. , Leveque Joseph A. , Shawver Laura K. , Mooney Jill M. , Milla Marcos E.
Published: October 2024

Figure S6
Data from A Precision Engineered Interleukin-2 for Bolstering CD8+ T- and NK-cell Activity without Eosinophilia and Vascular Leak Syndrome in Nonhuman Primates
Authors: Ma Lina , Acuff Nicole V. , Joseph Ingrid B. , Ptacin Jerod L. , Caffaro Carolina E. , San Jose Kristine M. , Aerni Hans R. , Carrio Roberto , Byers Anthony M. , Herman Rob W. , Pavlova Yelena , Pena Michael J. , Chen David B. , Buetz Christen , Ismaili Taylor K. , Pham Helene V. , Cucchetti Margot , Sassoon Ingrid , Koriazova Lilia K. , Leveque Joseph A. , Shawver Laura K. , Mooney Jill M. , Milla Marcos E.
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We have created a precisely pegylated IL-2 [SAR-444245 (SAR’245) or pegenzileukin, previously THOR-707] designed for proliferation of target CD8+ T and NK cells for anticancer activity, with minimal expansion of anti-target regulatory CD4+ T cells (Treg) that counter their action, or eosinophils that trigger vascular leak syndrome (VLS). We performed in vivo studies in nonhuman primates (NHP) to monitor the safety of SAR’245, pharmacokinetic profile, and pharmacodynamic parameters including expansion of peripheral CD8+ T and NK cells, and effects on Tregs and eosinophils. Studies included multiple ascending dosing and repeat dosing with different regimens (QW, Q2W, Q3W and Q4W). We also conducted ex vivo studies using human primary cells to further evaluate SAR’245 stimulation of target cells alone and in combination with programmed cell-death 1 (PD-1) checkpoint inhibitors. The pharmacokinetic profile of SAR’245 in NHP demonstrated dose-proportional exposure that was comparable with redosing. It elicited expansion of peripheral CD8+ T and NK cells that was comparable with each dose and with multiple dosing regimens. Once-weekly dosing showed no significant adverse effects, including no hallmark signs of VLS at dosing levels up to 1 mg/kg. Ex vivo, SAR’245 enhanced T-cell receptor responses alone and in combination with PD-1 inhibitors without inducing cytokines associated with cytokine release syndrome or VLS. Results support the clinical development of SAR’245 as a drug candidate for the treatment of solid tumors, alone or in combination with PD-1 inhibitory agents.
Significance:
SAR-444245 (SAR’245, pegenzileukin) is an extended half-life IL-2 that targets effector CD8+ T and NK cells, with little effect on regulatory T cells. We show that in the nonhuman primate model that closely approximates human immune function and response to IL-2, SAR’245 selectively activates CD8+ T and NK effectors without significant serious side effects (vascular leak syndrome or cytokine release syndrome), suggesting its potential for the treatment of solid tumors in humans.
Development of a Rapid Diagnostic Method for Sporotrichosis
Authors: Li Pan-Pan , Zhao Xiao-Hong , Yang Jian-Xun
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Sporotrichosis, a prevalent deep fungal infection in clinical settings, currently lacks rapid and accurate diagnostic methodologies. This study explores a novel rapid diagnosis method for sporotrichosis by combining FTA cards and nested PCR with fungal fluorescence staining. Methods: The study involved skin lesion tissues from 26 patients diagnosed with sporotrichosis (Experimental Group). The Positive Control Group consisted of fungal suspensions from clinical strains of Sporothrix, while the Negative Control Group included fungal solutions of other fungi, namely Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophyte, and Candida albicans. DNA was extracted from the slurry of skin lesions in the Experimental Group and from fungal suspensions in the Control Group using FTA cards, followed by nested PCR amplification. Subsequently, nested PCR amplification was performed. Histopathological examinations, including HE and fluorescence staining, were conducted on paraffin sections prepared from skin lesion tissues in the Experimental Group. Results: Among the 26 clinical skin lesion tissues in the Experimental Group, 8 cases showed a specific positive band upon nested PCR amplification, resulting in a positive rate of 30.8%. In the Control Group, the fungal solution of the clinical strain of Sporothrix showed a specific positive band upon nested PCR amplification, while all other fungi Negative Control Group tested negative. Histopathological examination revealed granulomatous inflammatory changes in most samples after HE staining. Fluorescence staining detected spores in 17 cases, resulting in a detection rate of 65.4% (17/26). Conclusion: The combination of FTA cards with nested PCR method proved to be simple and rapid but demonstrated a relatively low positive rate. Fungal fluorescence staining significantly improved the sensitivity of detecting sporotrichosis in histopathological examinations, thereby improving the speed and efficiency of diagnosis.
Clinical Profiles of Leucine-Rich Alpha-2 Glycoprotein for Indicating Mucosal Healing in Ulcerative Colitis Patients under Administration of Molecular-Targeted Drug
Authors: Matsumoto Satohiro , Mashima Hirosato
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Leucine-rich alpha-2 glycoprotein (LRG) is a useful serum biomarker for monitoring disease activity during remission in ulcerative colitis (UC). Because LRG levels differ among patients, it is necessary to assess them after profiling patients, especially in patients with refractory UC undergoing treatment with molecular-targeted drugs. This study aimed to analyze LRG levels that indicate mucosal healing according to clinical characteristics and molecular-targeted drugs. Methods: Among 214 patients with UC treated with biologics or Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, this study evaluated 111 patients (174 measurements) who achieved mucosal healing based on colonoscopy performed within 2 months before and after LRG measurement and experienced no changes in disease status or treatment during the same period. We analyzed the relationship of LRG with clinical characteristics (including sex, age, body mass index, and disease type and duration) and molecular-targeted drugs. Results: Compared with men, women had significantly higher LRG levels (9.5 μg/mL vs. 11.3 μg/mL, p < 0.001). In addition, LRG levels were significantly higher in older patients (12.0 μg/mL vs. 9.8 μg/mL, p < 0.01). LRG levels were the highest in patients treated with vedolizumab and lower in patients treated with JAK inhibitors (vedolizumab: 12.7 μg/mL; tofacitinib: 8.9 μg/mL; upadacitinib: 8.5 μg/mL; and filgotinib: 9.1 μg/mL; p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Among the patients who achieved mucosal healing, LRG levels were significantly higher in women and older patients. LRG levels differed according to the molecular-targeted drug used and were higher with vedolizumab and lower with JAK inhibitors.
Overview: Model predictive control techniques for controlling induction motor based on vector control
Authors: Alakkad Moataz M.A. , Talib Md. Hairul Nizam , Rasin Zulhani , Mat Lazi Jurifa , Md. Jamal Muhammad Haziq , Mat Isa Zainuddin
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a comprehensive review of electric induction motor (IM) drive systems. It conducts an evaluation and critical analysis of modern control techniques aimed at enhancing induction motors or IM drive performance, drawing insights from a systematic literature survey. This review paper introduces the mathematical and dynamic models of induction motors and control via two-level inverter drives. Furthermore, the paper offers an extensive review of model predictive control (MPC) for induction motors which is considered a vector control (VC) technique. The MPC are subdivision based on control parameters into two modes, model predictive current control (MPCC) and model predictive torque control (MPTC). The paper thoroughly examines each control technique, providing insights into mathematical control analysis, block diagrams, and operational mechanisms, as well as the advantages and disadvantages associated with the method. The model predictive control (MPC) stands out due to its distinct advantages, particularly in terms of simplicity, accuracy, and efficiency.
Design comparison of surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motors with inner and outer rotor configurations
Authors: Huu Hoang Bui , Thanh Bao Doan , Chuyen Tran Duc , Quoc Vuong Dang
Published: October 2024

The surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor (SPMSM) is one of the electric machines applied widely in the fields of electric vehicles (EVs) and electrical drives due to their good characteristics such as high power density, lower mass, high efficiency, and lower torque. For the SPMSM, there are two types of SPMSM, i.e., the inner rotor SPMSM and the outer rotor SPMSM. To analyze and compute advantages and disadvantages, as well as to compare the performances of these two motor types, this research proposes an analytical model to design preliminarily the main/required parameters of the SPMSM with inner and outer rotor types. Subsequently, a finite element method is developed to simulate, analyze, and compare the electromagnetic parameters of the proposed motors. Via the developed methods, the obtained results will also indicate the performances of both types of motors. In particular, it will provide a good recommendation for choosing the SPMSM with an inner or outer rotor structure for traction applications.
Modelling and performance evaluation of PV controller in various reference frame
Authors: Pushpa K. R. , Geetha R. S.
Published: October 2024

Many closed-loop automations of grid-connected and standalone inverters use controllers for various process control. The performance of the voltage source inverter (VSI) used in such applications depends on the characteristics of the controller. The gating pulses for the inverter are generated based on controller output and it affects the overall performance of the system. In this regard, the design and performance analysis of the controllers becomes an important integral part of any system under consideration. There are various methods available to design a controller. This paper discusses the design, modeling, and performance of a PI controller for single-phase VSI in stationary and rotating reference frames which helps in selecting a controller for the specific system configuration. The dynamic behavior of the controller with respect to the above reference frames and its effects on VSI output when subjected to load disturbance is evaluated. The controller design is carried out with two different current control strategies namely inductor current and capacitor current sensing. The stability of the system with the designed controller is analyzed and the results are compared.
Enhanced performance of electric vehicle Vienna rectifier through soft computing and sliding mode control
Authors: Koodalsamy Banumalar , Narayanasamy Vanaja , Srinivasan Muralidharan
Published: October 2024

The Vienna rectifier (VR) is a component that plays a pivotal role in various power electronics domains. It finds extensive utility in applications that require increased efficiency and minimized harmonic distortion. Some examples of these applications include solar photovoltaic grid-tied inverters, renewable energy systems, and electric motor variable speed drives. However, the ever-evolving system characteristics have spawned problems with the dependability and efficiency of such systems, making them less than ideal in both respects. This research proposes a ground-breaking method by using a three-phase VR model that is enhanced with a modified whale optimization algorithm (MWOA)-infused sliding mode controller (SMC), which is then, incorporated smoothly using the MATLAB/Simulink platform. The efficiency of the proposed system is shown by the construction of a working prototype, which also contributes to this demonstration. The suggested paradigm's enhanced performance is proven numerically and qualitatively via detailed comparisons with present systems.
Construction of fuzzy systems based on fuzzy c-means clustering and singular value decomposition for predicting rate of penetration in geothermal drilling
Authors: Abadi Agus Maman , Mansyaroh Akhid Khirohmah , Lukmana Allen Haryanto , Harini Lusi , Sugiyarto Aditya Wisnugraha
Published: October 2024

The potential for geothermal energy is very abundant, but its utilization is still minimal. Therefore, the utilization of geothermal energy facility that has been installed must be optimized. This study aims to predict drilling rate of penetration using the first-order Sugeno’s fuzzy system. Fuzzy c-mean and singular value decomposition were used to form the rules and determined the parameters respectively. This study used in total of 6738 data of geothermal wells drilling in Indonesia. The results show that the rate of penetration prediction has accuracy 85.76% for data training and 87.72% for data testing, and it is better than the radial basis function neural networks (RBFNN) and RBFNN-singular value decomposition (SVD) methods.
Experimental validation of the design and control of a compressed air energy storage system
Authors: Rais Ilham , Ed-dahmani Chafik , Benami Abdellah
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we introduce a comprehensive design and control strategy for an energy storage system based on compressed air to enhance both electrical energy quality and operational flexibility. The formulation of this control structure involved extensive calculations and computer simulations, which now require experimental validation. We describe the specifically designed test benches for this purpose and present an analysis of the experimental results. The paper begins with a brief overview of the didactic bench used to test the pure pneumatic conversion system, followed by the presentation and discussion of the initial practical results of the maximum energy point tracking (MEPT) strategy derived from this bench.
Output current ripple analysis of single phase inverter with discontinuous PWM
Authors: Muqorobin Anwar , Wijanarko Sulistyo , Santosa Harjono Priyo , Irawati Indrarini Dyah
Published: October 2024

Voltage source inverter has been applied for uninterruptible power supply (UPS), renewable energy sources, and motor drive. The popular modulations for inverters are sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM), zero sequence signal modulation (ZSS), space vector modulation (SVM), and discontinuous PWM (DPWM). All these modulations have been applied to three-phase and multiphase inverters. The characteristics of the modulation application in these inverters have been well investigated. However, only SPWM has been applied satisfactorily in single-phase inverter. From the literature, the applications of ZSS and DPWM couldn’t show any benefit. In this paper, a DPWM is proposed for single-phase inverter. The output current ripple is analyzed and experiments are conducted to verify the analytical result. Comparison to SPWM is conducted to find the modulation index range that provides a benefit when using the DPWM.
Impedance network-based ultra sparse matrix converter with enhanced voltage gain
Authors: Hassan Zahid , Khan M. A. , Islam Md. Rabiul
Published: October 2024

The matrix converter is devised to achieve sinusoidal input current and output voltage, and high power density. The typical matrix converter gives voltage gain less than unity using a significantly large number of switches. To reduce the number of switches an ultra sparse matrix converter (USMC) is introduced whose voltage gain is still less than unity. Researchers also introduced many modified versions of these matrix converters including quasi-Z-source, series Zsource, switched inductor, and switched capacitor USMCs. Although all of these matrix converters have their relative advantages and disadvantages in terms of the number of switches and passive elements, the voltage gain is still marginal. This paper focused on achieving higher voltage gain using minimal switches and passive elements. We proposed a doubler boost impedance network based ultra sparse matrix converter (DB-USMC). The doubler boost impedance network consists of a boost stage and doubler stage where the boost stage enhances the voltage and the doubler stage makes it double. The voltage gain of the proposed DB-USMC converter is 4.00 at a 50% duty cycle. The obtained results of the proposed DB-USMC converter show a path to get superior voltage gain using minimal switches and passive elements in a cost-effective manner.
Optimal cell-to-cell active balancing using fuzzy type-2 BEC implemented zeta and quasi-resonant buck converters on Li-ion based battery pack
Authors: Sudiharto Indhana , Murdianto Farid Dwi , Widyasavitta Vena Chika
Published: October 2024

Many motorized vehicles use non-environmentally friendly fuels causing more pollution. To tackle this, electric vehicles with battery technology are becoming popular. Many electric cars use Li-ion battery packs. However, these battery packs can have differences between individual batteries, affecting their performance. When electric cars accelerate, the batteries can get imbalanced, which shortens their lifespan. To prevent this, a balancing circuit is needed to make sure each battery cell stays equal. To get the balancing current according to the needs of each battery cell and switching network components. As a result, this research creates a cell-to-cell active balancing using the quasi-resonant buck converter that can reduce ripple from zeta converter output. Fuzzy type-2-BEC adjusts the duty cycle zeta converter circuits. The output is set equal to the average cell voltage. Four pieces of Li-ion are connected in the series at 14.4 V/3 Ah. To test the balancers, two variations were used to determine the system's reliability. From the test result, variation one can balance all cells at the 60 s, and variation two can balance all cells at the 150 s.
Switching state vector selection for improved THD performance in multilevel current fed inverters
Authors: Reddy G. Prem Kumar , Mangu Bhukya
Published: October 2024

This paper aims to explore synthesis methods of three-phase multi- level current waveforms by utilizing a configuration of n parallel operating three-phase, three-level current-fed inverters (CFIs). It points out an issue where differences in the DC-link current between inverters cause a distorted space vector diagram and decreased switching state redundancy, this leads to generation of low frequency harmonics in the output current and increased total harmonic distortion (THD). The research suggests a method that chooses the best switching state vectors by considering their closeness to a reference current space vector. This approach aims to decrease switching losses and low-frequency harmonic content. This method improves the quality of the waveform and the efficiency of the inverter by closely matching the switching operations with the intended current path. An analytical model is created to investigate how changes in DC-link current impact inverter performance. Simulations and actual tests confirm the ef-ficacy of the proposed strategy in enhancing total harmonic distortion (THD) and waveform accuracy. The results provide valuable information on improving multilevel inverter designs to enhance power quality and operational efficiency, indicating potential areas for further research in power electronics.
LCL filter based high power density AC/DC converter for fast charging applications
Authors: Tuyen Nguyen Dinh , Tam Nguyen Van Minh , Hoa Truong Phuoc
Published: October 2024

This paper introduces a LCL filter design tailored for a 40 kW three-phase grid-connected converter utilized in electric vehicle onboard fast chargers. In contrast to conventional filters, the LCL filter finds extensive application in AC/DC converters for power factor correction, thanks to its enhanced harmonic reduction and improved stability of the system. The parameters of LCL filter are devised based on considerations such as the system’s power, the frequency of the alternating current (AC) input, and the PWM frequency, determined through simulation and comprehensive theoretical analysis. By implementing a dual-current closed-loop control strategy, the system ensures a robust response for both the current on the AC side of the converter and the voltage on the direct current (DC) side. The analysis of the system’s performance includes rapid dynamic response, system efficiency, AC current harmonic, and DC ripple voltage. Both simulation and experimental results are presented to validate the proposed design for the LCL filter.
SVPWM technique for 3-ph 6-switch and 3-ph 4-switch inverters - a comparison
Authors: Anitha Golkonda , Krishnaveni Kondreddi , Yesuratnam Guduri
Published: October 2024

A novel 3-ph 4-switch inverter (TPFSI) is described in this study to reduce the inverter's size, complexity, cost, and losses during the conduction and switching process. This TPFS inverter is based on the principle of similarity of a 3-ph 6-switch inverter (TPSSI) where αβ plane is separated into six sectors to form the required reference voltage space vector. It has been demonstrated that TPFS inverters are more efficient than TPSS inverters while operating with different loads. A mathematical concept for the space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) technique has been developed for TPFSI by using Clarke's transformation. In this paper, a TPFS inverter model is designed to reduce the harmonic content in the output voltage and current responses when connected to different loads. The suggested modulation method enhances the output voltage/current response, resulting in usually balanced waveforms and reduced harmonic distortion. MATLAB/Simulink software is utilized to analyze the output response of both inverters.
Performance analysis of interlinking converter exchanging power between AC/DC renewable microgrids with advanced control technique
Authors: Seeramshetti Mamatha , Gaddam Mallesham
Published: October 2024

In a distribution system there are many types of AC/DC microgrids integrated at different locations. These microgrids may contain conventional or renewable sources which generate power using natural resources. The power generated by these microgrid sources is uncertain as the natural resources are unpredictable. Therefore, powers from these AC/DC micro grids need to be shared so as to compensate the load demand throughout the distribution system. An interlinking converter (ILC) is connected between the AC/DC microgrids operated by a novel advanced PQ control technique. Both the DC and AC microgrids are interconnected through ILC achieving power exchange between them as per the power demand and generation on both microgrids. Different operating conditions are considered for the analysis and the simulation of these modules are done using MALTAB/Simulink software. Several parameters like DC link voltage, ILC currents, point of common coupling (PCC) frequency, total harmonic distortions (THDs) and active power values are considered for validating the stability of the considered system.
Fractional order PID controller design of a DC-DC multilevel boost converter using the Nelder-Mead optimization
Authors: Tahri Ghrissi , Tahri Fatima , Tahri Ali
Published: October 2024

This paper aims to present and analyze the fractional order proportional-integral-derivative (FOPID) control technique of the DC-DC two-level boost converter. The state-space averaged (SSA) method is used to build a small-signal converter mathematical model, which is a crucial task for the control design. A FOPID controller based on the Nelder-Mead optimization algorithm and an artificial intelligence strategy based on a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) are both designed for the voltage mode control (VMC) approach and operate on the continuous conduction mode (CCM). Various step changes in the input voltage amplitude and output load are applied to analyze the performance of the proposed control techniques. In addition, detailed simulation results using the MATLAB-Simulink system are extensively discussed.
Digitally fast synchronization of single-phase grid-tied inverter using FPGA
Authors: Bakar Afarulrazi Abu , Sannasy Balarajan , Poad Hazwaj Mhd , Sithananthan Tharnisha , Utomo Wahyu Mulyo , Rosli Nor Farisha Diana
Published: October 2024

As interest in alternative energy sources grows, grid-connected inverters are getting more advanced. Thus, to synchronize the output waveform of an inverter with the grid supply system, the frequency and phase angle ought to be consistent. This paper presents an enhanced digital implementation controller for a grid-connected inverter using the sinusoidal pulse-width modulation (SPWM) switching technique via an appropriately designed low-pass filter. The main contribution of the proposed digital controller algorithm is to synchronize with the grid for the next half-cycle. The proposed control technique used the integrated response from the zero-crossing detector (ZCD) circuit for every half-cycle to trigger the digital phase-locked loop (PLL) implemented using field-programmable gate array (FPGA). An experimental 100 W single-phase full-bridge inverter prototype tested and validated the proposed control algorithm to prove the switching approach works. From the experimental results, the proposed control algorithm demonstrates synchronization with the grid voltage within 8 ms during startup. Furthermore, it exhibits the ability to adapt to phase changes when subjected to a distorted grid, achieving synchronization within 42 ms. This research also emphasizes synchronization between the grid waveform and the inverter output via the phase angle difference.
Application of inverter input rating method and standard AC voltage drop/over method on automatic transfer switch for hybrid powered e-bike charging station
Authors: Hidayat Mohammad Noor , Imammuddin Azam Muzakhim , Munir Abdullah Faiq , Nugroho Aji
Published: October 2024

Automatic transfer switch (ATS) is useful for integrating two different energy sources can be applied to e-bike charging stations. Renewable energy sources from sunlight using 2×100 Wp photovoltaic (PV) modules as the main source in this study, as well as grid energy sources functioned as backup energy. This ATS uses inverter input rating methods and standard AC voltage drop/over, a novelty of this study. The amount of current during testing is up to 14.09 A. The value of the inverter input voltage affects the quality of the inverter output voltage, there is a stability of the inverter output voltage from the AC voltage standard ±5% of the, lowest voltage value of (Vo_inv) = 223.9 V and the highest value (Vo_inv) = 226.1 V, at the time of (Vi_inv) max = 14.15 V and (Vi_inv) min = 12.66 V. It can be concluded that the ATS works in the PV position of the supply to the e-bike load, in the PV state it can produce power of a maximum value of 135.9 W at 11:25 am and is at the lowest power of 31 W at 03:31 pm. This ATS device in the switch mode successfully implemented a duration range of 10-21 ms, during the transfer of energy.
Enhancing power quality in solar-wind grid-connected systems through soft computing techniques
Authors: Kathirvel Jayashree , Sreenivasan Pushpa , Mohammed Soni , Sethi Rabinarayan , Syamala Maganti
Published: October 2024

This work intends to improve estimates of solar and wind energy generation through the application of resilient backpropagation control and substantial power evolution strategy (SPES) algorithms. In comparison to particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithms, the main goal is to minimize predicting mistakes. These methods increase grid reliability by lowering total harmonic distortion (THD) and improving power quality when integrated with the IEEE-9 bus standard. In order to evaluate the hybrid system's transient and steady-state reactions, the study also highlights the importance of bolstering operation and control. A revolutionary deep learning-based approach is also suggested for predicting wind and solar hybrid energy. The power grid's efficiency and dependability in handling renewable energy sources have significantly improved, according to the results.
Optimizing battery energy storage sizing in microgrids using manta ray foraging optimization algorithm
Authors: Yatim Yazhar , Tajuddin Mohammad Faridun Naim , Sulaiman Shahril Irwan , Azmi Azralmukmin , Ayob Shahrin Md , Sutikno Tole
Published: October 2024

The integration of renewable energy sources (RES) into microgrids (MGs) is becoming increasingly important as the world strives to transition towards more sustainable and eco-friendly energy systems. Unfortunately, integrating RES such as solar and wind power into MGs poses challenges due to their intermittent nature. The batteries need to be integrated into the MG system to overcome these challenges and ensure a stable and reliable power supply. However, the size of the battery presents another challenge as it affects the total operation cost of the MG system. Manta ray foraging optimization (MRFO) is used as an optimization technique to minimize the total operation cost of the MG system while ensuring optimum battery capacity. This algorithm is compared with the particle swarm optimization (PSO), differential evolution (DE), and the sine cosine algorithm (SCA). As a result, the proposed technique achieved a better solution than the existing algorithms.
Coupled quadratic boost converter for stand-alone PV applications
Authors: Chakraborty Suvamit , Umarikar Amod C.
Published: October 2024

This study focuses on a stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) system employing a high step-up quadratic boost converter and a battery management system. The quadratic boost converter, featuring a tapped inductor, facilitates voltage boosting by adjusting the duty ratio, ensuring low voltage stress on the active switch and enhancing overall efficiency. Coordination control techniques are proposed for smooth power transfer between the PV array, battery, and DC-link, accommodating variations in solar irradiation, ambient temperature, and loads. Design, modeling, and simulation are conducted using the PLEXSIM platform, and a real-time laboratory prototype validates system performance. This integrated approach establishes the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed system, offering a robust framework for off-grid or rural electrification applications with its ability to operate at low voltage levels, efficient power transfer, and stable performance under uncertain conditions.
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Pedagogical Competency of Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) Teachers in a Non-Urban Public School
Authors: Biray Ersyl T. , Gumban James R. , Martirez Amzi V.
Published: October 2024

Outcomes-based education is practiced in Philippine schools to turn out skilled manpower for the global market. Accordingly, technology teachers are expected to be technically competent in the area assigned to deliver and carry out teaching tasks as, highly qualified teachers produce skilled learners. How well have educational agencies prepared these teachers in rural areas is worth looking into. Thus, this study tried to establish the information and communication technology (ICT) pedagogical competency of Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) teachers in a non-urban school in the Division of Aklan. Thirty-two TLE teachers were involved as participants, and their ICT pedagogical competency was measured through the standardized questionnaire adopted from the National ICT Competency Standard Framework (NICS) for teachers. From the pretest results, five teachers who obtained basic competency levels were selected as teacher-beneficiaries of the ICT enhancement intervention program. After the intervention, the ICT pedagogical competencies from which teachers were initially found to have basic and intermediate competency levels have improved. Moreover, it was found that there was a significant difference between TLE teachers’ ICT pedagogical competence with teachers’ length of service, number of ICT training attended, and specialization. Given these results, TLE teachers in non-urban public schools in Aklan should be provided with professional development programs to sustain and improve their skills and competencies by effectively using technology in the teaching and learning processes.