bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“DEMISTIFIYING” PURITANISM IN ISLAMIC LAWS
Authors: Rohmanu Abid
Published: January 2019

This paper aims to evaluate puritanism in formulating Islamic laws through the lens of prophetic social science approach. The prophetic social science approach, as an Indonesian historian Kuntowijoyo argues, offers a new perspective in understanding the position of religion in society. It calls for theoanthropocentric, in contrast to theocentric, approach to study religion, thus suggesting a contextualized interpretation of religion. This approach is essential in formulating Islamic laws, while reserving also as a criticism to theocentricism that leads to Islamic puritanism. This article will contribute to the discussion on Islamic legal paradigm as epistemic field as to which theoanthropocentrical reserves as analytical tool to demystify puritanism in formulating Islamic law. In so doing, the article offers to essential elements of formulating Islamic laws: the transformation from theocentric to theoanthropocentric approach and the contextualization of Islamic laws.
Malaria Burden and Trend Among Clients Seeking Healthcare in the Western Region: A 4-Year Retrospective Study at the Sefwi-Wiawso Municipal Hospital, Ghana
Authors: Deku John G. , Lokpo Sylvester Y. , Kye-Amoah Kenneth K. , Orish Verner N. , Ussher Francis A. , Esson Joseph , Aduko Romeo A. , Dakorah Mavis P. , Osei-Yeboah James
Published: January 2019

Background:

Malaria cases continue to rise despite sustained efforts directed at eliminating the burden among Ghanaians. This study was aimed at describing the spectrum of malaria burden in a four-year (2013-2016) retrospective review among clients seeking care at the Sefwi-Wiawso Municipal Hospital in the Western Region of Ghana.

Materials and Methods:

The study analyzed secondary data extracted on 32,629 patients who were referred to the Laboratory for malaria testing from January 2013 to December 2016. Socio-demographic data included age and gender, department of test requisition and malaria results were obtained from the archived Daily Malaria Logbook records. Approval for the study was granted by the authorities of the Sefwi-Wiawso Municipal Hospital.

Results:

The overall confirmed malaria case was 8629 (26.5%), among under five 1,384 (58.7%), pregnant women 4451 (20.3%) and 14.1% among asymptomatic population. Significant gender disparity in the confirmation of suspected malaria cases was observed with males recording higher rate (45.8%) than females (36.7%). The peak of the malaria epidemic was observed in the wet season (195 cases per month), compared to the dry season (133 cases per month).

Conclusion:

Cases of malaria is increasing with high rates among vulnerable groups in the Western Region. There is the need to intensify efforts to reduce the burden in the study area especially among vulnerable groups.
Positive Psychosocial Factors Associated with the University Student’s Engagement
Authors: Durón-Ramos Maria Fernanda , García Vázquez Fernanda Inéz , Lagares Lucia Poggio
Published: January 2019

Background:

Student’s performance comes from the engagement they have with the academic activities of their institution. This conviction is determined by multiple factors both internal and external. Student´s engagement is a key factor in academic performance at the university.

Objective:

The aim of this study of this study was to find the relationship between the factors of emotional intelligence, orientation to happiness and positive social relationships within the school with the engagement of university students in a population of Mexico.

Method:

A stratified probabilistic sampling of students from a public higher education institution in the city of Guaymas, Sonora, was conducted. A total of 226 students answered the self-report, 52% were women, and 48% were men. A model of structural equations was performed to evaluate the relationships between the studied factors.

Results:

The results show that positive factors, both social (relationships with teachers and classmates) and personal (emotional intelligence and orientation to happiness), maintain a direct and significant relationship with the university student’s engagement.

Conclusion:

To improve the student’s engagement in university activities is necessary to promote personal issues such as emotional intelligence and orientation to happiness. It is also important to foster good social relationships with teachers and classmates.
DEVELOPING INDUCTIVE THINKING KIT TO IMPROVE REPRESENTATION DATA AND SCIENTIFIC REASONING SKILLS
Authors: Guntara Yudi , Wilujeng Insih
Published: January 2019

This study was aimed at producing and examining the effectiveness of physics learning kit of inductive thinking model which is reasonably to increase students’ data representations and scientific reasoning skills. This research uses R&D methods with 4D models that consists of define (need analysis of learning), design (designing the product draft), develop (expert appraisal, product field testing, and product revising), and disseminate (disseminating final product). The physics learning kit of inductive thinking model which is developed consists of syllabus, lesson plan, handout, worksheet and skills assessment sheet. The data were analyzed using the descriptive statistics, N-Gain analysis, multivariate test statistic Hotelling’s T2 and effect size analysis. The result of this research produced the physics learning kits of inductive thinking model which is reasonably used to increase students’ data representations and scientific reasoning skills with very good category based on experts, teachers and response of students. The learning kit is effective to increase students’ data representations and scientific reasoning skills significantly by effect size analysis with f = 0.180 for data representations skills and f = 0.115 for scientific reasoning skills.PENGEMBANGAN PERANGKAT INDUCTIVE THINKING UNTUK PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN REPRESENTASI DATA DAN PENALARAN ILMIAHAbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan dan menguji efektivitas perangkat pembelajaran fisika model inductive thinking yang layak dalam meningkatkan kemampuan representasi data dan penalaran ilmiah siswa SMA. Penelitian menggunakan metode R&D dengan model 4D yang meliputi tahap define (analisis kebutuhan pembelajaran), design (perancangan draf produk), develop (penilaian ahli dan guru, uji coba produk, revisi produk), dan disseminate (penyebarluasan produk akhir). Produk perangkat pembelajaran fisika model inductive thinking yang dikembangkan ini terdiri dari silabus, RPP, handout, LKS dan lembar penilaian kemampuan. Teknik analisis data menggunakan statistik deskriptif, analisis N-Gain, uji statistik multivariat Hotelling’s T2 dan analisis effect size. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perangkat pembelajaran fisika model inductive thinking layak digunakan dalam pembelajaran dengan kategori sangat baik berdasarkan penilaian ahli, guru, dan respons siswa. Perangkat yang dikembangkan efektif dalam meningkatkan kemampuan representasi data dan penalaran ilmiah berdasarkan analisis effect size dengan nilai f=0,180 terhadap kemampuan representasi data dan f=0,115 terhadap kemampuan penalaran ilmiah.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SCIENCE LITERACY TO IMPROVE SCIENCE ACHIEVEMENT
Authors: Avikasari Avikasari , Rukayah Rukayah , Indriayu Mintasih
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis study was aimed at determining the effectiveness of the use of science literacy teaching materials on improving science learning achievement of fourth grade elementary school students. The method used was research and development. The quasi-experimental with simple random sampling was used to select the sampling. In the implementation of the test, two sample groups were used, namely the experimental group and the control group. The testing phase of this product was carried out in two elementary schools in Gunungpati sub-district with a sample of 56 students of grade IV elementary school in the 2017/2018 school year. They consisted of 30 students of elementary school A and 26 students of elementary school B. The data were collected using tests. The results show that science-based science literacy teaching materials were effective in improving student learning achievement with the t-test calculation of 0.031. The results of the t test prove the difference between pretest and posttest values in the control and experimental groups. It can be concluded that the use of science teaching materials based on science literacy is effective to improve science learning achievement of fourth grade elementary school students.KEEFEKTIFAN PENGGUNAAN BAHAN AJAR SCIENCE LITERACY TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PRESTASI BELAJARAbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keefektifan penggunaan bahan ajar science literacy terhadap peningkatan prestasi belajar IPA siswa kelas IV sekolah dasar. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian dan pengembangan. Penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimen semu (Quasi-eksperimental) dengan simple random sampling. Dalam pelaksanaan pengujian digunakan dua kelompok sampel, yaitu kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol. Tahap pengujian produk ini laksanakan pada dua sekolah dasar di kecamatan gunungpati dengan sampel adalah 56 siswa kelas IV sekolah dasar pada Tahun Ajaran 2017/2018 yang terdiri atas 30 siswa SD A dan 26 siswa SD B. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan tes. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bahan ajar IPA berbasis science literacy efektif meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa dengan hasil perhitungan uji-t sebesar 0,031. Hasil uji-t tersebut membuktikan adanya perbedaan nilai pretest dan posttest pada kelompok kontrol dan eksperimen. Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan bahan ajar IPA berbasis science literacy efektif untuk meningkatkan prestasi belajar IPA siswa kelas IV sekolah dasar.
As teses que permeiam a conduta de uma pessoa
Authors: Lima Filho Alberto Pereira
Published: January 2019

O autor apresenta um exercício reflexivo sobre um fenômeno psicológico incidente em muitas vidas: sem que a pessoa necessariamente tenha consciência do conteúdo, uma tese - ou mesmo várias - permeia sua forma de interagir com outras pessoas, seu comportamento em geral, seus posicionamentos, comunicações, decisões, visões de mundo e de si mesma. Há uma articulação teórica e conceitual entre a psicodinâmica desse fenômeno e o conceito de complexo na teoria da psicologia analítica. O artigo descreve o fenômeno, faz alusão a suas possíveis gêneses e sinaliza possíveis rotas de superação para as dificuldades dele decorrentes, muitas vezes impeditivas ao desenvolvimento do processo de individuação.
Frequency and factors associated with sustained exergaming in adolescents (Preprint)
Authors: O'Loughlin Erin , Barnett Tracie A. , McGrath Jennifer , Consalvo Mia , Kakinami Lisa
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND

Exergaming is increasing in popularity, but little is known about sustained exergaming.

OBJECTIVE

The objectives of this study were to describe the frequency and correlates/predictors of sustained exergaming.

METHODS

Data were available in AdoQuest (2005-11), a longitudinal investigation of 1843 grade 5 students in in Montréal, Canada. This analysis uses data from grade 9 and 11. Participants at T1 (mean age 14 (0.8) years) who reported past-week exergaming (n = 186), completed mailed self-report questionnaires at T2 (mean age 16 (0.8) years). Independent correlates (from T2)/predictors (from T1 or earlier) were identified using multivariable logistic regression.

RESULTS

Of 186 exergamers at T1, 81 (44%) reported exergaming at T2. Being female and having higher introjected regulation (i.e., a type of PA motivation indicative of internalization of PA as a behaviour) were independent correlates.. None of the predictors investigated were associated with sustained exergaming.

CONCLUSIONS

Almost 50% of grade 9 exergamers sustained for 2-3 years. In non-clinical settings, exergaming may be a viable approach to help adolescents maintain PA during adolescence, a period in the life course when PA generally declines. Sex and PA motivation should be considered in the design of exergaming interventions.

CLINICALTRIAL

N\A
Comparing the extent and pattern of educational use of social networking sites by medical and non-medical students: a multi-center study (Preprint)
Authors: Guraya Salman Yousuf , Al-Qahtani Mona Faisal , Bilal B. , Guraya Shaista Salman , Almaramhy Hamdi
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND

Although the use of social networking sites (SNSs) for fun is increasing, educational use of SNSs by students is low. Additionally, there is limited data about SNSs use by students from different faculties.

OBJECTIVE

This study compared patterns of SNSs use among medical and non-medical university students.

METHODS

It is a single-stage cross-sectional study conducted at university students (n=2350) from Saudi Arabia and China. A 21-statement questionnaire was administered to medical students of Taibah and Imam Abdulrahman AlFaisal University, Saudi Arabia, and non-medical students of the Beijing Institute of Technology and the University of International Business and Economics, China. The data about nature of SNSs use and strategies for sharing knowledge were analyzed.

RESULTS

Comparative data regarding use of SNSs between medical and non-medical students were obtained. Of 2350 respondents; 92% students did and 8% did not use SNSs for any reason. Overall, 624 (26.6%) students used SNSs for education and found these sites to be useful (p=0.00). Usage of SNSs for education was significantly higher in medical than in non-medical students (p=0.00). Non-medical students found SNSs to be more useful for networking than medical students. The use of WhatsApp was significantly greater in medical students, while WeChat was more popular in non-medical students (p=0.00).

CONCLUSIONS

We report low use of SNSs for education by university students. For sharing knowledge, WhatsApp was more popular among medical students, and WeChat was more popular among non-medical students. This research suggests incorporation of SNSs into educational curricula across disciplines.
Case of Paradoxical Cultural Sensitivity: Mixed Method Study of Web-Based Health Informational Materials About the Human Papillomavirus Vaccine in Israel (Preprint)
Authors: Abed Elhadi Shahbari Nour , Gesser-Edelsburg Anat , Mesch Gustavo S
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND

Designing web-based informational materials regarding the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine has become a challenge for designers and decision makers in the health authorities because of the scientific and public controversy regarding the vaccine’s safety and effectiveness and the sexual and moral concerns related to its use.

OBJECTIVE

The study aimed to investigate how cultural sensitivity (CS) is articulated in the explanatory informational materials on the HPV vaccine that are posted on the websites of the Israeli health authorities. In addition, the study examined the effect of transparency on the expression of CS in the informational materials.

METHODS

The study employed a quantitative and qualitative content analysis of the texts of explanatory informational materials published on the Arabic and Hebrew websites of the Israel Ministry of Health and the Clalit health maintenance organization (HMO).

RESULTS

The findings revealed the differences in the dimensions of CS (based on the CS model by Resnicow) between the informational materials targeting the majority Jewish population and those targeting the minority Arab population. Indeed, the research findings point to a paradox. On the one hand, the materials appealing to the conservative Arab population exhibited CS, in that the sexual context of the vaccine was missing. On the other hand, analysis of Resnicow's deep dimensions showed that disregarding the sexual context does not allow the relevant target audience to reflect on the barriers and concerns. In addition, the way the information was provided exhibited a lack of transparency regarding the CS dimensions (surface and deep).

CONCLUSIONS

The public health authorities have 2 main objectives in the context of vaccinations. One is to raise the vaccination rates and the other is to provide full and culturally sensitive information to give the public the tools to make intelligent decisions. The findings of this study indicated that despite the high uptake rate for HPV vaccination in the Arab population, the health authorities did not exercise full transparency and CS in transmitting the association between engaging in sexual relations and the necessity of the vaccination. Thus, the major challenge for the health authorities is to find ways to implement the objective of communicating information about the vaccination in a way that is transparent and culturally sensitive, even if this raises questions and fears among the public deriving from their culture.
Clinical Outcomes of Failing to Dose-Reduce Cephalosporin Antibiotics in Older Adults with CKD
Authors: Bathini Lavanya , Jandoc Racquel , Kuwornu Paul , McArthur Eric , Weir Matthew A. , Sood Manish M. , Battistella Marisa , Muanda Flory T. , Liu Aiden , Jain Arsh K. , Garg Amit X.
Published: January 2019

Background and objectives

Current dosing recommendations for cephalosporin antibiotics are on the basis of pharmacokinetic studies and are frequently ignored in practice. This study was undertaken to investigate the clinical outcomes of failing to dose-reduce cephalosporin antibiotics in CKD.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

Retrospective cohort study conducted in Ontario, Canada using linked population-based health care databases. Nine thousand three hundred forty-seven outpatients (median age 83; interquartile range, 77–88 years; 57% women) with an eGFR<30 ml/min per 1.73 m2 and no prior history of dialysis were dispensed oral cephalexin, cefuroxime, or cefprozil between April of 2007 and March of 2016. Two thirds of the patients (6253 of 9347) received a higher than recommended daily dose of cephalexin (>1000 mg), cefuroxime (>500 mg), or cefprozil (>500 mg). The primary outcome was a hospital encounter (emergency room visit or hospital admission) with a condition listed as a possible side-effect of cephalosporins. Secondary outcomes were antibiotic treatment failure and all-cause mortality. All measures were assessed in the 30 days after cephalosporin initiation.

Results

Patients who received a higher than recommended dose of a cephalosporin antibiotic were similar in multiple indicators of baseline health to patients who received a reduced dose. Overall, 6% of patients presented to hospital with a possible cephalosporin side-effect, 13% failed antibiotic treatment, and 3% died. Compared with a reduced dose, receiving a higher dose of antibiotic was not associated with a different rate of side-effects (adjusted odds ratio, 1.00; 95% confidence interval, 0.84 to 1.20), treatment failure (1.01; 0.88 to 1.15), or death (0.99; 0.76 to 1.29).

Conclusions

In this study we failed to demonstrate any association between the dose of cephalosporin antibiotic administered to elderly patients with CKD and the risk of side-effects leading to hospitalization, treatment failure, or mortality.
DEVELOPMENT OF ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF NINHYDRIN-POSITIVE SUBSTANCES IN AMINO ACIDS BY HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
Authors: Rajagopalachari Nk Srinivasa , P Shanmugasundaram
Published: January 2019

Aim and Objectives: The aim of the work is focused on the optimization of the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the determination of ninhydrin-positive substances in amino acids using HPLC technique in a single method. Since, most of the amino acids are widely used in the determination of Renal and Nutrition drug products exist independently in the monograph for each amino acid either by TLC or HPLC.Methods: The chromatographic separation was performed using sodium amino acid analysis cation exchange column using Sodium Eluent Na 315, Sodium eluent Na 425, and Sodium Eluent Na 640 as Mobile phase, performed by gradient program with detection of wavelength 570 nm using flow rate as 0.4 mL/min. The method has been evaluated using post-column derivatization technique (HPLC/Pinnacle PCX).Results: All the amino acids were eluted correspondingly at the individual retention time and the method shall be validated as per the ICH Q2R1 Guideline.Conclusion: The method has been successfully evaluated and developed for the analytical applications.
METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF METOPROLOL AND ATORVASTATIN BY REVERSED-PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY IN ITS BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL TABLET DOSAGE FORM USING BIORELEVANT DISSOLUTION MEDIA (FASTED STATE SMALL INTESTINAL FLUID)
Authors: Shanmugasundaram Palani , Sk2 Kamarapu
Published: January 2019

Objective: A present investigation is based on method development and validation for the simultaneous determination of metoprolol and atorvastatin by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography in its bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form using a biorelevant dissolution media (fasted state small intestinal fluid). Methods: The chromatographic separation technique performed by an isocratic method for this column used Inertsil ODS-3 (4.6×150 mm, 5 μm). The ratio of mobile phase used is phosphate buffer 4.8 pH: acetonitrile (35:65v/v), flow rate 1 ml/min, and analysis time 15.0 min, UV detection was at 244 nm. Results: According to the International Conference on Harmonisation Q2 (R1) guidelines, the method validation was done. Peaks were observed at 2.227 min and 5.819 min, concentration range of linearity was obtained at 50–250 μg/ml and 10–50 μg/ml, linearity correlation coefficients were 0.9997 and 0.9995, limit of detection was 0.33 mg/ml and 0.21 mg/ml, and limit of quantification was 1.08 mg/ml and 0.69 mg/ml for metoprolol and atorvastatin, respectively. Conclusion: The obtained results for this method validation are within acceptance criteria. This method was more economical and stable for routine analysis.
Vitex trifolia: AN ETHNOBOTANICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEW
Authors: M, Suchitra
Published: January 2019

Objective: The perspective of this review is the list of activities carried out or studied along with description, habitat macro-microscopy, phytoconstituents, medicinal uses, clinical studies, and toxicology on the plant Vitex trifolia. Methods: A large number of the species of the Genus Vitex are widely employed in Indian traditional systems of medicine. A total of 270 plant species of genus Vitex have been identified worldwide. V. trifolia is used in Ayurveda and Unani. These species are rich source of secondary metabolites such as polyphenolic compounds, terpenoids, phytosterols, protein and amino acids, tannins, and saponins.Results: The results of various studies V. trifolia possess larvicidal, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antihistaminic, and antiasthmatic properties.Conclusion: The review on V. trifolia explains that there is a need for detailed study on its clinical relevance and safety of plant extracts.
SIMULTANEOUS EVALUATION OF ABACAVIR SULFATE AS WELL AS LAMIVUDINE IN MEDICAL FORMULATIONS BY GRADIENT REVERSED-PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY TECHNIQUE
Authors: Ms Srinivasan
Published: January 2019

Objective: A precise, accurate, simple, and gradient reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was adapted for the determination of abacavir sulfate (ABV) in combination with lamivudine (LMV) having tablet formulations simultaneously. This method developed has been validated as per the guidelines of ICH.Method: Waters HPLC has been used in the method with a column named Zorbax C18 with the dimensions as 4.6 nm×150 mm, 3.5 μm. Phosphate buffer (PH - 3.9) was used as Eluent - A, Eluent - B was methanol, and water and methanol (50:50 v/v) were utilized as diluents. The rate of flow was 1.5 ml/min.Results: The wavelength of detection has been detected at about 270 nm. Linearity ranges of ABV and LMV were 88–266 μg/ml and 38–116 μg/ml, respectively. Retention times of ABV (3.66 min) and LMV (10.71 min) were determined. The values of the study of percentage recovery of ABV and LMV were determined to be within 98.3–99.2%.Conclusion: The estimation of ABV and LMV in all pharmaceutical dosage forms could be performed successfully by employing this method.
METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF LOPINAVIR IN TABLET DOSAGE FORM USING REVERSED-PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
Authors: Namratha Sunkara , A Vijayalakshmi
Published: January 2019

Objective: Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method (RP-HPLC) was developed for the assessment of lopinavir in the dosage form of tablet.Methods: Chromatogram was run through using Kromosil C18 4.5×150 mm using a mobile phase methanol: water of ratio 65:35% v/v with a rate of flow of 0.8 ml/min, measured by UV spectrometric detection at 265 nm. The method developed was validated in terms of precision, accuracy, linearity, and robustness parameters.Results: Retention time of lopinavir established at 2.482 min and percentage R.S.D of lopinavir found to be 1.0% and 0.5%, respectively. The method shows that good linearity range of 30–150 μg correlation coefficient of lopinavir was 0.997. The limit of detection was 2.97 and limit of quantification was 9.92, respectively. The percent purity of lopinavir was 99.87%.Conclusion: The suggested method (Rp-HPLC) for concurrent assay lopinavir was validated, which is appropriate method for the analysis oflopinavir quantitatively in tablet dosage forms and bulk.
FORMULATION OF POLYMERIC NANOSUSPENSION CONTAINING PRAMIPEXOLE DIHYDROCHLORIDE AND HESPERIDIN FOR IMPROVED TREATMENT OF PARKINSON’S DISEASES
Authors: I Somasundaram
Published: January 2019

Aims and Objectives: The present study is to formulate the nanosuspension containing a hydrophilic drug pramipexole dihydrochloride and hesperidin and to increase the drug entrapment efficiency.Methods: Hesperidin and pramipexole dihydrochloride loaded in chitosan nanosuspension is prepared by ionic gelation method using chitosan and tripolyphosphate. There was no incompatibility observed between the drug and polymer through Fourier transform infrared and differential scanning calorimetric. Various other parameters such as particle size, zeta potential, scanning electron microscope, drug content, drug entrapment efficiency, and in vitro release have been utilized for the characterization of nanoparticles.Results and Discussion: The average size of particle is 188 nm; zeta potential is 46.7 mV; drug content of 0.364±0.25 mg/ml; entrapment efficiency of 72.8% is obtained with HPN3 formulation. The PHC1 shows the highest drug release followed by PHC2 due to low concentration of polymer and PHC4 and PHC5 show less drug release due to high concentration of polymer. The in vitro release of PHC3 is 85.2%, initial the burst release is shown which is approximately 60% in 8 h; then, slow release later on drastic reduction in release rate is shown in 24 h. The in vivo study histopathological report confers the effective protective against rotenone induces Parkinson’s.Conclusion: PHC3 was chosen as the best formulation due to its reduced particle size and controlled release at optimum polymer concentration which may be used to treat Parkinson’s disease effectively..
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF GASTRORETENTIVE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM OF CIPROFLOXACIN HYDROCHLORIDE
Authors: R Vibin Bose
Published: January 2019

Objective: The aim is to prepare the floating tablet of ciprofloxacin and to improve their bioavailability in the treatment against the Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. Ciprofloxacin HCL is an acidic drug used for respiratory tract infection, diarrhea, skin infection, thyroid fever, and urinary tract infection. The ciprofloxacin HCL is primarily absorbed in the stomach and it has low bioavailability. Due to its low availability, it was chosen as an appropriate drug for the scheme of the gastroretentive floating drug delivery system. Method: Ciprofloxacin HCl is an acidic drug which was made by wet granulation process using various polymers, which include hydroxypropyl methylcellulose K4M, Eudragit, and Guar gum with a different composition. The gas generating agents such as saleratus and citric acid were used for the preparation. The prepared granules were subjected to pre-compression parameters technique and the formulated tablets were subjected to post-compression parameters, respectively. Result: The Fourier-transform infrared analysis reveal that the drug and excipients used for the formulations were compatible with each other. All formulated granules having good flow properties and all the post-compression parameter are within the limit in which the F4 formulation shows optimum drug release of about 98.7% at 12 h and which has the buoyancy lag time of about 134 s and floating time about 12.5 h. Kinetic treatment revealed of the optimized preparation is based on Korsmeyer–Peppas model. The value n=0.861 states the process of non-Fickian diffusion. Conclusion: Based on above observation found in the work, it was concluded that ciprofloxacin HCl can formulate as a floating drug delivery system which helps in increasing the gastric residence time, as a result, it increases the bioavailability and half-life of ciprofloxacin HCl.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF FAST DISSOLVING TABLET OF KETOROLAC TROMETHAMINE
Authors: G, Sangeetha
Published: January 2019

Aim: Ketorolac tromethamine is used for the treatment of a number of infections including infection of joints and bones, gastroenteritis, malignant otitis externa, respiratory tract infections, cellulitis, urinary tract infections, anthrax, skin structural infections, and typhoid fever, and it also used in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia, chronic bacterial prostatitis, and nosocomial pneumonia. Objective: Difficulty in swallowing (dysphasia) is a common problem of all age groups, especially the elderly and pediatrics, due to physiological changes associated with these groups. Conclusion: In the present work, it has been observed from all formulations of pre-compression and post-compression studies were given within the limit of values. The in vitro dissolution data, F1 (combination of different superdisintegrants) when compared to other formulation.
ANTI-ALZHEIMER ACTIVITY OF TACRINE LOADED METHOXYPOLY (ETHYLENE GLYCOL) POLY (CAPROLACTONE) NANOPARTICLES
Authors: V Felix Joe , S Sathesh Kumar
Published: January 2019

Objective: The objective of the study was to study the in vitro cytotoxic effects of amyloid-β (Aβ) in SH-SY5Y cells and in vivo therapeutic efficacy of drug-loaded nanoparticles (TMPCN-3) in mice.Methods: In vitro cytotoxic effects of Aβ in SH-SY5Y cells were carried out using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay; cellular uptake study was carried using a laser scanning fluorescence microscope. In vivo therapeutic efficacy of drug loaded nanoparticles, optimized formulation (TMPCN-3) in mice. Animals (n=18) were divided into three different groups each consisting of six animals in each group.Results: Treatment with Aβ-induced cytotoxicity showed a 54% decrease in cell viability. Drug-treated with TMPCN-3 showed greater intracellular accumulation. In the invasive study TMPCN-3 nanoparticles, the SH-SY5Y cells (73%) were decreased when compared to the control cells (91%). In vivo therapeutic efficacy of drug-loaded nanoparticles was studied in mice, Morris water maze task shows polymeric nanoformulations indicates critical change execution (expanded memory maintenance) when contrasted with control, step down condition maintains a considered space from response created by the memory change and polymeric nanoformulations, and after that taken by tacrine and control the quantity of errors are higher. The nanoformulations distributed massive decreasing in acetylcholine esterase level brain homogenate.Conclusion: Tacrine-loaded methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) poly(caprolactone) reveals that the in vitro cell line believes emphasized the reduced risk of tacrine loaded nanoparticles as there is a significant decrease half maximal inhibitory concentration and higher convention of drug in the glial cells and by in vivo reflects was confirmed that nanoformulation indicated improved memory.
BIOFLAVONOIDS WITH ANTICANCER ACTIVITY AND THEIR NOVEL FORMULATIONS
Authors: J Padmavathy
Published: January 2019

Context: Nature blesses human with a lot of natural products with a wide range of medicinal properties from plants, animals, marine animals, and microorganisms. Among these natural sources, plant origin drugs constitute around 25% which includes various secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, bioflavonoids, terpenes, saponins, glucosides, and lignans. The bioflavonoids belonging to the polyphenol group possess various therapeutic activities such as antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antiviral.Objectives: The main objective of this article is to collectively present the research data published worldwide about the anticancer activity of bioflavonoids by loading them in novel formulations. Thus, the present review explored the novel formulations of the bioflavonoids with improved pharmacokinetic properties along with the enhanced anticancer activity.Methods: A systematic scientific review was made across the peer-reviewed scientific journals and books to collect the data pertaining to areas research related to the application of bioflavonoids for treatment of cancer using novel pharmaceutical formulations.Results: The major drawback with bioflavonoids is its poor solubility and bioavailability, which restricts the usage of bioflavonoids in the treatment of cancer in the market worldwide. Novel drug delivery system seems to possess many benefits like site-specific drug delivery along with minimal side effects and improving its pharmaceutical and therapeutic properties of drugs compared to a conventional dosage form of bioflavonoids.Conclusion: The scope for improvement of anticancer activity of bioflavonoids by incorporating in novel pharmaceutical formulations like nanoparticles is very high, and it has to be considered as a potential area of research.
ASSESSMENT OF COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
Authors: P Maheshwari
Published: January 2019

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to evaluate cognitive profile in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) pre-dialysis and post-dialysis, to assess the severity of cognitive impairment in patients with kidney disease before and after dialysis, and to determine the association of cognitive impairment in relation to dialysis.Methods: A total of 59 patients were recruited with CKD Stage V on dialysis for >6 months. Cognitive function of the patient was assessed by Montreal Cognitive Assessment test scale method for three intervals (before dialysis and two intervals post-dialysis), and the incidence of impairment was analyzed using one-way ANOVA variance test.Results: Among the 59 patients, there were 13 patients with the age of 18–33 years (22.033%), 11 patients with from age 34 to 49 years (18.64%), 21 patients at the age of 50–65 years (35.59%), and 15 patients around 66–80 years (25.42%). From the above categories, population with the age of 50–65 years is at maximum affected by CKD. Among the 59 patients, 24 patients (40.677%) are male and 35 patients (59.33%) are female. There was a mild significant difference seen in cognitive functioning between pre-dialysis and post-dialysis (p≤0.02).Conclusion: It was found that patients with CKD had mild-to-moderate cognitive dysfunction due to morbidities associated with CKD. Inthis study, significant differences of cognitive function result in CKD patients and the severity of cognitive impairment was associatedwith the severity of the kidney disease, which improved with dialysis. Finally, our study suggests that cognitive performance wasimproved after initiation of dialysis and that further management through medications could provide a better outcome in cognitiveperformance.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF TRAZODONE HYDROCHLORIDE ORODISPERSIBLE TABLETS
Authors: D Akiladevi
Published: January 2019

Objective: The objective of the existing research was to develop an oral disintegrating dissolving system as one of the taste masking orodispersible forms together of trazodone hydrochloride tablets using direct compression technique through the use of superdisintegrants together with FlowLac, StarLac, and sodium starch glycolate. Methods: The tablets were formulated using the direct compression approach. The drugs prepared have been evaluated for diverse parameters which include hardness, friability, weight variation, drug content uniformity, water absorption ratio, in vitro drug release, and wetting time. Results: The hardness of all formulations from F1 to F7 proved that the tablet means thickness was nearly uniform in all formulations with the range of 0.520 mm–0.522 mm. Water absorption of prepared formulations was found to be 68.59%–73.21%. Bulk density, tapped density, and friability of the formulations were established within the limits, results of in vitro drug release study showed the drug released between 90.27% and 96.17% at 60 min. Conclusion: The overall study concluded that orodispersible tablets of trazodone hydrochloride have greater dissolution rate and will result in enhanced bioavailability. The taste masked systems are designed to provide better acceptability, improved bioavailability, for chronic patients. The study results revealed that the formulation F6 was contemplated as the top formulation.
COSTUS SPECIOSUS AND ITS ANTIPSORIATIC ARTHRITIS ACTIVITY: A REVIEW
Authors: Chakraborty Debpratim , Yolmo Nisha Lama , Yolmo Nisha Lama
Published: January 2019

Objective: Psoriatic arthritis is an autoimmune disease. The marketed drugs cannot totally cure the disease state as well as they have severe side effects and for that reason researcher and scientists are going for traditional medicines. Costus speciosus is the plant of choice for its several positive activities against psoriatic arthritis.Methods: Wistar albino healthy rat was taken for 0.1 ml of Freund adjuvant-induced anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory test, and diclofenac sodium (15 mg/kg) was taken as standard drug. The paw volume was measured at different time 1st, 7th, 14th, and 21st days of experiment. In another study, the protocol is same, but indomethacin (10 mg/kg) was taken as standard drug. Another study was performed to know that the plant drug has any lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated COX-protein inhibitor activity or not. An acute anti-inflammatory property was studied in carrageenan-induced paw edema and result is measured by plethysmometer. The chronic anti-inflammatory property was studied by cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation. 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg dose of ethanolic extract is administered to the animal of both acute and chronic studies.Results: In anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory study, after the 21st day, it has found that standard drug (diclofenac sodium) decreases paw volume 40 % where the plant drug reduces it 68.33% & 75.50% at higher and lower dose respectively. In the other study the Standard drug (Indomethacin) show arthritic score of 0.83 and the extract shows 1.67 at its higher concentration. In LPS-stimulated cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibition study, extract helps to decrease the LPS-stimulated COX-2 protein nearly similar as methotrexate without any side effect. In the cotton pallet-induced anti-inflammatory study, 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg dose of ethanolic extract shows similar result against standard drug.Conclusion: Although its activity is less compared to the marketed drug, in the other sides, it has very mild adverse effect compared to the marketed Drug. It can be used as a supportive drug in the treatment of Psoriatic arthritis and by chemical modification the activity may be increased without any side effect.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CAUDAL BUTORPHANOL AND FENTANYL FOR ALLEVIATING POST-OPERATIVE PAIN IN INFRAUMBILICAL PROCEDURES IN CHILDREN BELOW 3 YEARS OF AGE
Authors: Irfanulla Mohammed , Shenoy Thrivikram , Rk Ranjan
Published: January 2019

Objective: Caudal block is a common regional anesthetic technique used in children. However, it is limited by relatively shorter duration of analgesia. The objective of this study was to compare the analgesic efficacy of caudal blockade using butorphanol (1) and fentanyl in children below 3 years, undergoing infraumbilical surgeries.Methods: Patients were randomly allocated to two groups of 30 each. Without premedication, patients were induced with thiopentone, relaxed with atracurium for facilitation of LMA insertion, and maintained on O2, N2O, and halothane. Caudal block was then performed using an aseptic technique. One group received caudal butorphanol (25 μg/kg) with 0.25% bupivacaine (0.1 ml/kg) and the other received fentanyl (1 μg/kg). Incision was allowed after 15 min of block. After the completion of surgery, LMA was removed and patients were shifted to the PACU. Non-invasive blood pressure and heart rate were recorded; pain was assessed using modified objective pain score (MOPS) (2) at 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 h, postoperatively. Oral paracetamol was given at a score >4.Results: The mean duration of analgesia in Group F was 12.47 (standard deviation [SD] 8.216) and 19.67 (SD 7.009) in Group B (p: 0.001, HS). Mean MOPS was 4.6 in the fentanyl group as compared to 2.6 in the butorphanol group at the end of 24 h (p=0.001, HS). Thus, butorphanol provided longer duration of analgesia compared to fentanyl.Conclusion: Caudal additives are safe in children and butorphanol provides significantly longer duration of analgesia as compared to fentanyl, thus avoiding caudal catheterization and intravenous analgesics.
STUDY OF OUTWARD SIGNS, MICROSCOPY AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF WALNUT
Authors: Av Strelyaeva , Di Lezhava , An Luferov , Nv Bobkova , Nv Kartashova , Rm Kuznetsov
Published: January 2019

Objective: Walnut is a medicinal plant that is widely used in traditional medicine. We believe that the study of the medicinal plant material of walnut-fruit in the stage of milky-wax maturity and walnut bark is relevant. We described outward signs and microscopy, the diagnostic features of both whole and grinded raw materials, powder bark of walnut and fruits of walnut in the stage of milky-wax maturity.Methods: Alcohol extraction which was derived from walnut bark is a transparent liquid of brown color and alcohol extraction which was derived walnut fruits in the stage of milky-waxy maturity is a transparent, green-brown liquid with a fragrant smell. We performed thin-layer chromatography for the walnut cortex and identified gallic acid.Results: A method of chromatography-mass spectrometry in alcohol extraction from walnut fruit in the stage of milky-waxy maturity allowed to identify 17 compounds belonging to different classes of biologically active substances. We identified sugars, flavonoids, phenolic compounds of coumarins and organic acids. In alcohol extraction from the walnut bark we identified marker substances.
ZN(II)/AU(I) AND ZN(II)/AG(I) COMPLEXES WITH SALEN SCHIFF BASE EXPRESS PROMISING CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY IN HUMAN CANCER CELLS
Authors: Zhivkova Tanya , Marinescu Gabriela , Dyakova Lora , Cristina Culita Daniela , Spasov Rossen , Mitrenga Pavel , Kalfin Reni , Patron Luminita , Alexandrova Radostina
Published: January 2019

Objective: The aim of our study was to evaluate the influence of two complexes of Zn(II)/Au(I) and Zn(II)/Ag(I) with Schiff base ligand (H2Salen) obtained from the condensation reaction between salicylaldehyde and ethylenediamine (abbreviated ZnSalenAu, ZnSalenAg) on viability and proliferation of cultured human cancer cells.Methods: The following cell lines were used as model systems: Human cervical carcinoma (cervical carcinoma), A549 (non-small cell lung cancer [NSCLC]), glioblastoma multiforme (8MGBA), and A431 (squamous cell carcinoma) and its multidrug-resistant (MDR) clones A431-MDR, A431-MRP, and A431-ABCG2 that express mdr1, mrp1, or abcg2 gene, respectively. The investigations were performed by thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide test, neutral red uptake cytotoxicity assay, crystal violet staining, hematoxylin and eosin staining, double staining with acridine orange, and propidium iodide in short-term experiments (12–72 h, with monolayer cell cultures) as well as colony-forming method in long-term experiments (25 days, with three dimensional cancer cell colonies).Results: The results obtained revealed that ZnSalenAu and ZnSalenAg decreased significantly viability and proliferation of the treated cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner being more active as compared to the free ligand H2Salen.Conclusion: The present study demonstrates for the 1st time the ability of two heterometallic complexes ZnSalenAu and ZnSalenAg to decrease significantly viability and proliferation of cultured cell lines established from some of the most common and aggressive human cancers (NSCLC, carcinoma of uterine cancer, 8MGBA, and squamous cell carcinoma) as well as MDR cancer cells.
BIOACTIVITY-GUIDED PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF ARTEMISIA MARITIMA: ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS
Authors: Qadir Mahpara , A Dangroo Nissar , Amin Shah Syed Wajaht
Published: January 2019

Objective: In the present study, the extracts (petroleum ether and methanolic extract) of plant Artemisia maritima were subjected to bioactivity evaluation and compound isolation and characterization.Methods: Antioxidant activity was carried out using ferric reducing power and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The anticancer activity was evaluated by MTT assay using three different human cancer cell lines: Embryonic kidney cancer cell (HEK), lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cell (A-549), and human colon cancer cell (HCT), and isolated compounds were characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR), 13CNMR, DEPT, infrared, and mass spectroscopic techniques.Results: The petroleum ether extract of the plant displayed significant antioxidant and cytotoxic effects, which on phytochemical analysis led to the isolation of two bioactive sesquiterpene lactone compounds. These phytochemicals were identified using different spectral techniques in the light of literature. All the compounds displayed significant cytotoxic activity; however, compound-1 exhibited potent anticancer activity with inhibitory concentration value of 17.3 μg/mL. The isolated compounds also displayed significant antioxidant potential.Conclusion: Artemisia maritima, a rich source of sesquiterpene lactone which may be responsible for significant anticancer potential and it also possess remarkable antioxidant activity and hence may be of immense importance to food Chemistry.