bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical analysis on water treeing deterioration of XLPE cable insulation using combination of FEM and Taguchi method
Authors: Kim Chonung , Duan Jingkuan , Huang Xingyi , Kim Soknam , Jiang Pingkai , Kim Hyeil , Hyon Sungil
Published: June 2009

Water treeing is one of the main deterioration phenomena affecting the service lifetime of the underground crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) power cables. Factors influencing the water tree growth can be classified in two major groups, namely, the external factors (operational factors) and the internal factors (material factors). The influences of the external factors on the number and the growth rates of water trees have fully understood through the long‐term research around the world for the past four decades. However, the effects of the internal factors have been not so much investigated as those of the external ones. Especially, it has been hardly discussed which among the probable internal factors is the most influential to the water treeing phenomena until now. In this paper, the authors have investigated the contributions of individual factors influential to the electric field distribution in the tip of the water tree initiated from the outer surface of XLPE cable insulation considering its thermal degradation, using both the finite element method (FEM) and Taguchi design of experiment methodology (Taguchi method). The numerical and water treeing experiments show that the dielectric properties of the water tree and the XLPE host material are more influential to the enhancement of the electric field intensity in the tree tip than its geometrical parameters, and that the permittivity distribution inside the tree is the most influential factor among all of the internal factors. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The influence of frequency and soil permeability on the magnetic field due to underground power cables
Authors: Marchante P. , Machado V. Maló , Almeida M. E. , das Neves M. Guerreiro
Published: June 2009

There has been a great controversy about the possible connection between magnetic field and human health over the past few years.

Electric and magnetic fields exist due to the presence of electric devices, in general, and in particular, of any power system, in generation, transmission or distribution lines or cables. In this paper special attention is given to the magnetic field created by underground power cables. Results for different values of frequency and soil magnetic permeability are presented giving importance to both effects acting together. It will be also analysed the influence of the sheath grounding for soils having different values of permeability in magnetic field distribution. The model formulation and assumptions are described in a previous work on where this paper is based on. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Testing homogeneity of Japanese CPI forecasters
Authors: Ashiya Masahiro
Published: June 2009

This paper investigates whether some forecasters consistently outperform others using Japanese CPI forecast data of 42 forecasters over the past 18 quarters. It finds that the accuracy rankings of 0, 1, 2, and 5‐month forecasts are significantly different from those that might be expected when all forecasters had equal forecasting ability. Moreover, their rankings of the relative forecast levels are also significantly different from a random one. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel stereoselective synthesis of (Z)‐α‐arylsulfanyl‐α,β‐unsaturated ketones via Stille coupling of (E)‐α‐arylsulfanylvinylstannanes with acyl halides
Authors: Yao Fang , You Shengyong , Cai Mingzhong
Published: June 2009

(E)‐α‐Arylsulfanylvinylstannanes react with acyl halides in the presence of a catalytic amount of Pd(PPh3)4 and CuI cocatalyst to give stereoselectively the corresponding (Z)‐α‐arylsulfanyl‐α,β‐unsaturated ketones in good yields. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 20:218–223, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20536
Medial temporal lobe activity during complex discrimination of faces, objects, and scenes: Effects of viewpoint
Authors: Barense Morgan D. , Henson Richard N.A. , Lee Andy C.H. , Graham Kim S.
Published: June 2009

The medial temporal lobe (MTL), a set of heavily interconnected structures including the hippocampus and underlying entorhinal, perirhinal and parahippocampal cortex, is traditionally believed to be part of a unitary system dedicated to declarative memory. Recent studies, however, demonstrated perceptual impairments in amnesic individuals with MTL damage, with hippocampal lesions causing scene discrimination deficits, and perirhinal lesions causing object and face discrimination deficits. The degree of impairment on these tasks was influenced by the need to process complex conjunctions of features: discriminations requiring the integration of multiple visual features caused deficits, whereas discriminations that could be solved on the basis of a single feature did not. Here, we address these issues with functional neuroimaging in healthy participants as they performed a version of the oddity discrimination task used previously in patients. Three different types of stimuli (faces, scenes, novel objects) were presented from either identical or different viewpoints. Consistent with studies in patients, we observed increased perirhinal activity when participants distinguished between faces and objects presented from different, compared to identical, viewpoints. The posterior hippocampus, by contrast, showed an effect of viewpoint for both faces and scenes. These findings provide convergent evidence that the MTL is involved in processes beyond long‐term declarative memory and suggest a critical role for these structures in integrating complex features of faces, objects, and scenes into view‐invariant, abstract representations. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Wheel running and environmental enrichment differentially modify exon‐specific BDNF expression in the hippocampus of wild‐type and pre‐motor symptomatic male and female Huntington's disease mice
Authors: Zajac M.S. , Pang T.Y.C. , Wong N. , Weinrich B. , Leang L.S.K. , Craig J.M. , Saffery R. , Hannan A.J.
Published: June 2009

Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is an essential neurotrophin and regulation of its expression is complex due to multiple 5′ untranslated exons which are separately spliced to a common coding exon to form unique mRNA transcripts. Disruption of BDNF gene expression is a key to the development of symptoms in Huntington's disease (HD), a fatal neurodegenerative condition. Abnormal epigenetic modifications are associated with reduced gene expression in late‐stage HD but such regulation of BDNF gene expression has yet to be investigated. We hypothesized that BDNF gene expression is altered in the HD hippocampus of pre‐motor symptomatic R6/1 transgenic HD mice, correlating with a change in the DNA methylation profile. The effects of wheel‐running and environmental enrichment on wild‐type mice, in association with a proposed environment‐mediated correction of BDNF gene expression deficits in HD mice, were also investigated. Using real‐time PCR, levels of total BDNF mRNA were found to be reduced in the hippocampus of both male and female HD mice. Wheel‐running significantly increased total BDNF gene expression in all groups of mice except male HD mice. In contrast, environmental enrichment significantly increased expression only in male wild‐type animals. Further quantification of BDNF exon‐specific transcripts revealed sex‐specific changes in relation to the effect of the HD mutation and differential effects on gene expression by wheel‐running and environmental enrichment. The HD‐associated reduction of BDNF gene expression was not due to increased methylation of the gene sequence. Furthermore, environment‐induced changes in BDNF gene expression in the wild‐type hippocampus were independent of the extent of DNA methylation. Overall, the results of this study provide new insight into the role of BDNF in HD pathogenesis in addition to the mechanisms regulating normal BDNF gene expression. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prestimulus hippocampal activity predicts later recollection
Authors: Park Heekyeong , Rugg Michael D.
Published: June 2009

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to address the question whether medial temporal lobe (MTL) activity prior to a stimulus event is predictive of whether the event will be successfully encoded in an incidental study task. Participants were scanned while making pleasantness judgments on words presented either in written or spoken form. A cue presented at a variable interval before the onset of each word signaled the modality of the upcoming item. Following the study phase, a surprise recognition memory test was administered that required items to be endorsed as “Remembered,” “Known,” or “New.” Activity in the MTL, including the hippocampus, differed during the cue‐item interval according to whether the item was later endorsed as Remembered rather than judged as Known or New. Thus, the level of hippocampal activity prior to the onset of an event predicts whether the event will be successfully encoded into episodic memory. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Morphological and Chemical Changes Induced by Herbivory in Three Common Aquatic Macrophytes
Authors: Lemoine Damien G. , Barrat‐Segretain Marie‐Hélène , Roy Annie
Published: June 2009

The Dry Matter Content (DMC), the total phenolic content, the production of new branches and the plant fragmentation were compared in three macrophyte species (Elodea canadensis, Elodea nuttallii and Myriophyllum spicatum) exposed or not to snail herbivory. Grazing significantly reduced the DMC of M. spicatum and E. canadensis, but had no effect on the DMC of E. nuttallii. The phenolic contents of Elodea species were not modified by snail herbivory, whereas that of M. spicatum significantly increased when exposed to grazers. The number of new branches produced by M. spicatum and E. canadensis plants, and the fragmentation of E. canadensis also increased in response to herbivory.

Chemical defences are therefore probably constitutive in Elodea and induced in M. spicatum, and morphological changes can be related to species growth form and synthesis of phenolic compounds. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Uncertainties in Data and Spurious Correlations Related to the Redfield Ratio
Authors: Håkanson Lars , Stenström‐Khalili Maria I.
Published: June 2009

Spurious correlations is a fundamental problem in situations where the y‐variable is a function of x, such as ratios u/x versus x or u, or products, such as u × x versus x or u, or expressions such as (u–x) versus x. The theory of spurious correlations was developed more than 100 years ago and yet there are numerous papers in aquatic ecology presenting results as if they were mechanistically meaningful when they, in fact, are clearly spurious. This is specifically so in contexts related to some of the most important issues in aquatic ecology namely the question of “limiting” nutrient and the Redfield ratio, defined as either TN/TP or DIN/DIP (TN = total‐N, TP = total‐P, DIN = dissolved inorganic N, DIP dissolved inorganic P). We have demonstrated by systematic tests using randomly generated data that the patterns in spurious relationships can be identical to patterns in empirical data that have been interpretated in mechanistic terms. We have collected empirical data from the Baltic Sea, Kattegat and Skagerack and tested those data to see if spurious relationships exist. The r2 ‐values vary from 0.90 (TN/TP versus TP), 0.67 (DIN/DIP versus DIN), 0.40 (DIN/DIP versus DIP) to 0.014 (TN/TP versus TN). Very little mechanistic understanding about “limiting nutrient” and/or the role of TN/TP or DIN/DIP‐ratios can be deduced from these – and similar results – because they are spurious. We have also shown that the ratios TN/TP and DIN/DIP have significantly higher coefficients of variations (CV) than TN, TP, DIN and DIP individually. This explains why these ratios generally are poor predictors in contexts of nutrient limitation and in modeling of primary production. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Spatial Heterogeneity of Cyanobacteria and Diatoms in a Thermally Stratified Canyon‐Shaped Reservoir
Authors: Moreno‐Ostos Enrique , Cruz‐Pizarro Luis , Basanta Ana , George D. Glen
Published: June 2009

Phytoplankton communities in lakes and reservoirs are seldom homogeneously distributed but usually aggregate in patches and gradients. In this study we have combined the use of in vivo spectrofluorometry and acoustic Doppler current profiling to investigate the effect of water movements on the spatial distribution of cyanobacteria and diatoms in a thermally stratified reservoir in SW Spain. The distinctive canyon‐shaped morphometry of the reservoir (El Gergal) favoured the development of a “conveyor belt” pattern of circulation aligned with the long axis of the reservoir. Under non‐regulated conditions, the spatial distribution of phytoplankton was almost entirely dependent on the interactions between advective transport and the buoyancy properties of the different functional groups of phytoplankton. The positively‐buoyant cyanobacteria accumulated near the surface and were then transported downwind by the surface drift currents. In contrast, the negatively‐buoyant diatoms sank in the water column and were transported upwind by the sub‐surface return currents. When deep water was abstracted from the reservoir, these distribution patterns were modified. The results are discussed in relation to the problem of acquiring representative water samples from the reservoir and the application of a simple empirical model to optimize the location of the station used for routine cyanobacteria sampling on the reservoir. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Zooplankton Community Structure and Inter‐Annual Dynamics in Two Sand‐Pit Lakes with Different Dredging Impact
Authors: Tavernini Silvia , Viaroli Pierluigi , Rossetti Giampaolo
Published: June 2009

Zooplankton seasonal and inter‐annual dynamics were investigated in two neighbouring sand‐pit lakes with similar morphological features but different exploitation regime. We hypothesized that the dredging activities affected the zooplankton communities and the hydrochemical conditions of the studied lakes. Significant differences in zooplankton abundance were found. The analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) revealed that plankton communities were different between lakes and that the microcrustaceans largely contributed to the average dissimilarity. In particular, the lower densities of cladocerans and the presence of large‐size species in the lake still under dredging during this study appeared to be related to the resuspension of sand in the water column. We report how the zooplankton communities evolved toward an higher taxonomical and functional diversity after conclusion of the dredging activities. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effects of Light and Wind Speed on the Vertical Distribution of Microcystis aeruginosa Colonies of Different Sizes during a Summer Bloom
Authors: Wu Xiaodong , Kong Fanxiang
Published: June 2009

Different dynamics, of the vertical distribution of Microcystis aeruginosa colonies of different sizes, were examined in a large shallow lake (Taihu Lake) during a summer bloom. During the observation the Microcystis colonies, larger than 120 μm, were mainly concentrated in the upper layer both under calm and windy conditions. Colonies from 36 μm to 120 μm showed a clear relationship to wind conditions whereas colonies less than 36 μm showed a nearly uniform vertical distribution at the different depths. There was no clear relationship between the vertical distribution of colonies larger than 36 μm and light intensity. However, at solar noon, colonies less than 36 μm were mainly distributed in the middle layers of the water column. The results indicate that small colonies are easily affected by the wind‐induced mixing, and they show an ability for active movement in response to light intensity under calm conditions. In contrast, large colonies tend to show little diurnal repositioning to light intensity and thereby are mainly concentrated in the surface layer. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fragment molecular orbital study of the electronic excitations in the photosynthetic reaction center ofBlastochloris viridis
Authors: Ikegami Tsutomu , Ishida Toyokazu , Fedorov Dmitri G. , Kitaura Kazuo , Inadomi Yuichi , Umeda Hiroaki , Yokokawa Mitsuo , Sekiguchi Satoshi
Published: June 2009

All electron calculations were performed on the photosynthetic reaction center ofBlastochloris viridis, using the fragment molecular orbital (FMO) method. The protein complex of 20,581 atoms and 77,754 electrons was divided into 1398 fragments, and the two‐body expansion of FMO/6‐31G* was applied to calculate the ground state. The excited electronic states of the embedded electron transfer system were separately calculated by the configuration interaction singles approach with the multilayer FMO method. Despite the structural symmetry of the system, asymmetric excitation energies were observed, especially on the bacteriopheophytin molecules. The asymmetry was attributed to electrostatic interaction with the surrounding proteins, in which the cytoplasmic side plays a major role. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 2010
MOLCAS 7: The Next Generation
Authors: Aquilante Francesco , De Vico Luca , Ferré Nicolas , Ghigo Giovanni , Malmqvist Per‐åke , Neogrády Pavel , Pedersen Thomas Bondo , Pitoňák Michal , Reiher Markus , Roos Björn O. , Serrano‐Andrés Luis , Urban Miroslav , Veryazov Valera , Lindh Roland
Published: June 2009

Some of the new unique features of the MOLCAS quantum chemistry package version 7 are presented in this report. In particular, the Cholesky decomposition method applied to some quantum chemical methods is described. This approach is used both in the context of a straight forward approximation of the two‐electron integrals and in the generation of so‐called auxiliary basis sets. The article describes how the method is implemented for most known wave functions models: self‐consistent field, density functional theory, 2nd order perturbation theory, complete‐active space self‐consistent field multiconfigurational reference 2nd order perturbation theory, and coupled‐cluster methods. The report further elaborates on the implementation of a restricted‐active space self‐consistent field reference function in conjunction with 2nd order perturbation theory. The average atomic natural orbital basis for relativistic calculations, covering the whole periodic table, are described and associated unique properties are demonstrated. Furthermore, the use of the arbitrary order Douglas‐Kroll‐Hess transformation for one‐component relativistic calculations and its implementation are discussed. This section especially focuses on the implementation of the so‐called picture‐change‐free atomic orbital property integrals. Moreover, the ElectroStatic Potential Fitted scheme, a version of a quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics hybrid method implemented in MOLCAS, is described and discussed. Finally, the report discusses the use of the MOLCAS package for advanced studies of photo chemical phenomena and the usefulness of the algorithms for constrained geometry optimization in MOLCAS in association with such studies. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 2010
Trends of the bonding effect on the performance of DFT methods in electric properties calculations: A pattern recognition and metric space approach on some XY2 (X = O, S and Y = H, O, F, S, Cl) molecules
Authors: Christodouleas Christos , Xenides Demetrios , Simos Theodore E.
Published: June 2009

A test set of 10 molecules (open and ring forms of ozone and sulfur dioxide as well as water and hydrogen sulfide and their respective fluoro‐ and chloro‐substituted analogs) of specific atmospheric interest has been formed as to assess the performance of various density functional theory methods in (hyper)polarizability calculations against well‐established ab initio methods. The choice of these molecules was further based on (i) the profound change in the physics between isomeric systems, e.g., open (C2v) and ring (D3h) forms of ozone, (ii) the relation between isomeric forms, e.g., open and ring form of sulfur dioxide (both of C2v symmetry), and (iii) the effect of the substitution, e.g., in fluoro‐ and chloro‐substituted water analogs. The analysis is aided by arguments chosen from the information theory, graph theory, and pattern recognition fields of Mathematics: In brief, a multidimensional space is formed by the methods which are playing the role of vectors with the independent components of the electric properties to act as the coordinates of these vectors, hence the relation between different vectors (e.g., methods) can be quantified by a proximity measure. Results are in agreement with previous studies revealing the acceptable and consistent behavior of the mPW1PW91, B3P86, and PBE0 methods. It is worth noting the remarkable good performance of the double hybrid functionals (namely: B2PLYP and mPW2PLYP) which are for the first time used in calculations of electric response properties. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 2010
High‐level ab initio calculations on HGeCl and the equilibrium geometry of the Ã1A″ state derived from Franck‐Condon analysis of the single‐vibronic‐level emission spectra of HGeCl and DGeCl
Authors: Mok Daniel K. W. , Chau Foo‐Tim , Lee Edmond P. F. , Dyke John M.
Published: June 2009

CCSD(T) and/or CASSCF/MRCI calculations have been carried out on the X̃1A′ and Ã1A″ states of HGeCl. The fully relativistic effective core potential, ECP10MDF, and associated standard valence basis sets of up to the aug‐cc‐pV5Z quality were employed for Ge. Contributions from core correlation and extrapolation to the complete basis set limit were included in determining the computed equilibrium geometrical parameters and relative electronic energy of these two states of HGeCl. Based on the currently, most systematic CCSD(T) calculations performed in this study, the best theoretical geometrical parameters of the X̃1A′ state are re(HGe) = 1.580 ± 0.001 Å, θe = 93.88 ± 0.01° and re(GeCl) = 2.170 ± 0.001 Å. In addition, Franck‐Condon factors including allowance for anharmonicity and Duschinsky rotation between these two states of HGeCl and DGeCl were calculated employing CCSD(T) and CASSCF/MRCI potential energy functions, and were used to simulate Ã1A″ → X̃1A′ SVL emission spectra of HGeCl and DGeCl. The iterative Franck‐Condon analysis (IFCA) procedure was carried out to determine the equilibrium geometrical parameters of the Ã1A″ state of HGeCl by matching the simulated, and available experimental SVL emission spectra of HGeCl and DGeCl of Tackett et al., J Chem Phys 2006, 124, 124320, using the available, estimated experimental equilibrium (r) structure for the X̃1A′ state, while varying the equilibrium geometrical parameters of the Ã1A″ state systematically. Employing the derived IFCA geometry of re(HGe) = 1.590 Å, re(GeCl) = 2.155 Å and θe(HGeCl) = 112.7° for the Ã1A″ state of HGeCl in the spectral simulation, the simulated absorption and SVL emission spectra of HGeCl and DGeCl agree very well with the available experimental LIF and SVL emission spectra, respectively. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2010
AutoDock Vina: Improving the speed and accuracy of docking with a new scoring function, efficient optimization, and multithreading
Authors: Trott Oleg , Olson Arthur J.
Published: June 2009

AutoDock Vina, a new program for molecular docking and virtual screening, is presented. AutoDock Vina achieves an approximately two orders of magnitude speed‐up compared with the molecular docking software previously developed in our lab (AutoDock 4), while also significantly improving the accuracy of the binding mode predictions, judging by our tests on the training set used in AutoDock 4 development. Further speed‐up is achieved from parallelism, by using multithreading on multicore machines. AutoDock Vina automatically calculates the grid maps and clusters the results in a way transparent to the user. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 2010
Ion‐exchanged binuclear Ca2OX clusters, X = 1–4, as active sites of selective oxidation over MOR and FAU zeolites
Authors: Larin A. V. , Zhidomirov G. M. , Trubnikov D. N. , Vercauteren D. P.
Published: June 2009

A new series of calcium oxide clusters Ca2OX (X = 1–4) at cationic positions of mordenite (MOR) and faujasite (FAU) is studied via the isolated cluster approach. Active oxide framework fragments are represented via 8‐membered window (8R) in MOR, and two 6R and 4R windows (6R+4R) possessing one common SiOSi moiety in FAU. Structural similarities between the Ca2OX(8R) and Ca2OX(6R+4R) moieties are considered up to X = 4. High oxidation possibilities of the Ca2O2(nR) and Ca2O3(nR) systems are demonstrated relative to CO, whose oxidation over the Ca‐exchanged zeolite forms is well studied experimentally. Relevance of the oxide cluster models with respect to trapping and desorption of singlet dioxygen is discussed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 2010
Disparities in sense of community: true race differences or differential item functioning?
Authors: Coffman Donna L. , BeLue Rhonda
Published: June 2009

The sense of community index (SCI) has been widely used to measure psychological sense of community (SOC). Furthermore, SOC has been found to differ among racial groups. Because different ethnic groups have different cultural and historical experiences that may lead to different interpretations of measurement items, it is important to know whether the instrument used to measure the construct of interest has equivalency in measurement across groups or if the instrument exhibits differential item functioning (DIF). Examining DIF in the SCI helps assure that subgroup comparisons identify true differences in SOC between Blacks and Whites. Although we did not find DIF between races, we did find that the SCI question, “I feel at home in my neighborhood,” was a more reliable measure of SOC for Whites than for Blacks. In other words, this item has less measurement error for Whites than for Blacks. Therefore, differences on the SCI may be attributable to true differences in SOC between races rather than DIF. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Linking formal and informal support in multiproblem low‐income families: the role of the family manager
Authors: Sousa Liliana , Rodrigues Sofia
Published: June 2009

Multiproblem low‐income families face multiple long‐term problems in contexts deprived of economic resources, and they use various forms of formal and informal support to overcome these problems. This study examines how families coordinate the diverse strategies. A sample of 150 multiproblem, low‐income families was surveyed by means of an interview that comprised three open questions: Which problems do you feel exist in your family? What strategies does your family use to cope with each of these problems? How does your family bring together the different types of support? Main findings suggest that a member of the family (the family manager) coordinates and links informal and formal types of support. Families do not adopt a passive attitude toward problem solving because they activate and manage multiple formal and informal strategies. It is suggested that professionals could promote the coordination between formal and informal strategies without taking away autonomy from the families. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Residential mobility and exposure to neighborhood crime: risks for young children's aggression
Authors: Parente Maria E. , Mahoney Joseph L.
Published: June 2009

This three‐year longitudinal study investigated associations between residential mobility, neighborhood crime, and aggression during middle childhood. Participants were 460 children (M age = 6.9 years, SD = 1.1) residing in a disadvantaged city in the Northeastern United States. Residential mobility was determined from school records, teachers provided ratings of aggression, and city police reports of call complaints provided information on neighborhood crime. Neighborhoods were classified as average or high crime. Results showed that mobility and neighborhood crime were significantly (p<.05) related to boys' (but not girls') aggression. Boys' aggression was relatively high if they: (1) moved; (2) had stable residence in a high‐crime neighborhood; and (3) both moved and lived in high crime. Net of demographic characteristics and baseline adjustment, boys who moved from an average to high‐crime neighborhood showed particularly high aggression. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Organizational socialization of volunteers: the effect on their intention to remain
Authors: Hidalgo M. Carmen , Moreno Pilar
Published: June 2009

Identifying the factors affecting the retention of volunteers in their activities is one of the main objectives for researchers and volunteer managers. There have been many studies with this aim and many factors affecting sustained volunteerism have been identified. However, one of the limits of these models is the low percentage of explained variance, which indicates that there are other additional factors, yet unidentified, which may have an important influence in the prediction of durability as a volunteer. In our study, we intend to analyze the effect that some factors of organizational socialization of volunteers have on their intention to remain volunteers. In particular, we will focus on the level of integration in the organization, evaluated from five variables: social networks, training, understanding, social support inside the organization, and characteristics of the job they perform. The statistical analysis shows that social networks, organizational support, positive task, and formation are highly significant predictors of the intention to remain a volunteer. These four variables explain 29% of the variability of the dependent variable, while the variables understanding and social support of the volunteers were excluded from the regression equation. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Longitudinal relationships between neighboring behavior and depressive symptoms in Hispanic older adults in Miami, Florida
Authors: Brown Scott C. , Mason Craig A. , Perrino Tatiana , Hirama Ikkei , Verdeja Rosa , Spokane Arnold R. , Cruza‐Guet Maria Cristina , Lopez Barbara , Pantin Hilda , Szapocznik José
Published: June 2009

This study examines the relationship between neighboring behavior and depressive symptoms across 3 years in a prospective study of 273 community‐dwelling, Hispanic older adults in Miami, Florida. The analyses extend the literature by testing for a bidirectional or reciprocal relationship between neighboring behavior and depressive symptoms over time and examining the relationship between these variables in Hispanic older adults, a group at risk of developing depressive symptoms. Structural Equation Modeling with a cross‐lagged panel design showed that depressive symptoms were unrelated to subsequent neighboring behavior. However, neighboring behavior was related to subsequent depressive symptoms at every time point, such that higher levels of neighboring behavior were related to lower levels of depressive symptoms. Findings suggest that neighboring behavior may be a protective factor against depressive symptoms in community‐dwelling Hispanic older adults. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Metal ion attachment to the matrix meso‐tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin, related matrices and analytes: an experimental and theoretical study
Authors: van Kampen Jeroen J. A. , Luider Theo M. , Ruttink Paul J. A. , Burgers Peter C.
Published: June 2009

In a previous study [van Kampen et al. Analytical Chemistry 2006; 78: 5403], we found that meso‐tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin (F20TPP), in combination with lithium salts, provides an efficient matrix to cationize small molecules by Li+ attachment and that this combination can be successfully applied to the quantitative analysis of drugs, such as antiretroviral compounds using matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization in conjunction with a time‐of‐flight analyzer (MALDI–TOF). In the present study, we further explore the mechanism of metal ion attachment to F20TPP and analytes by MALDI–FTMS(/MS). To this end, we have studied the interaction of F20TPP and analytes with various mono‐, di‐ and trivalent metal ions (Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, Co2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Fe2+, Fe3+ and Ga3+). For the alkali cations, we find that F20TPP forms complexes only with Li+ and Na+; in addition, model analyte molecules such as poly(ethyleneglycol)s, mixed with F20TPP and the alkali cations, also only form Li+ and Na+ adducts. This contrasts sharply with the commonly used matrix 2,5‐dihydroxybenzoic acid, where analytes are most efficiently cationized by Na+ or K+. Reasons for this difference are delineated. Ab initio calculations on porphyrin itself reveal that even the smallest alkali cation, Li+, does not fit in the porphyrin cavity, but lies on top of it, pushing the 21H and 23 H hydrogen atoms out of and below the plane with concomitant bending of the porphyrin skeleton in the opposite direction, i.e. toward the cation. Thus, the Li+ ion is not effectively sequestered and is in fact exposed and thus accessible for donation to analyte molecules. Interaction of F20TPP with di‐ and trivalent metal ions leads to protoporphyrin–metal ions, where the metal ion is captured within the protoporphyrin dianion cavity. The most intense signal is obtained when F20TPP is reacted with CuCl2 and then subjected to laser ablation. This method presents an easy general route to study the metal containing protoporphyrin molecules, which could all act as potential MALDI matrices. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
International ICT policy frameworks: A multi‐country case study of success in interactivity, mobility, convertibility, connectivity, ubiquity, and globalization
Authors: Naidoo Jeff
Published: June 2009

Various countries have developed broad ICT policy frameworks that focus on enabling the knowledge economy through improving diffusion mechanisms and enhancing uptake conditions. In many cases these policies have failed to promote a forward‐looking information society or deliver anticipated economic growth and social development (Mui and Chun, 2004). However, Finland and Singapore, classified by the Central Intelligence Agency World Factbook as advanced economies (CIA, 2008), have shown exceptional leadership in developing and executing robust ICT policy frameworks that have effectively supported their successful transformations to high‐growth knowledge economies, thereby promoting prosperity, economic growth, and community cohesion within these regions. This study aims to analyze the unique characteristics of Finland and Singapore's national ICT policy frameworks that have contributed to their interactivity, mobility, convertibility, connectivity, ubiquity, and globalization. As it does so, it will identify several critical success factors that have shaped progress in these settings. Identification of these success factors will help policy makers and IT practitioners as they devise meaningful policies.
Splenectomy in two children with autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome and massive splenomegaly
Authors: Glerup Mia , Thelle Thomas , Grønbæk Kirsten , Hasle Henrik
Published: June 2009

Treatment of patients with ALPS has varied but presently there is no consensus about the optimal therapy. Splenectomy is an option but data regarding the postsplenectomy outcome in pediatric ALPS patients remain very limited. We present two children who suffered from anemia and physical discomfort from the large spleen. Both patients underwent uneventful splenectomy and experienced significant improvement in cytopenia, daily activity and well‐being. Furthermore the youngest patient showed a significant catch‐up growth. We conclude that in selected patients with marked splenomegaly and ALPS, splenectomy may be considered a treatment option. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;53:1124–1126. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Flow cytometric chemosensitivity assay as a predictive tool of early clinical response in acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Galderisi Faith , Stork Linda , Li Ju , Mori Motomi , Mongoue‐Tchokote Solange , Huang James
Published: June 2009

Background

Residual disease or rapidity of response to induction therapy is among the most powerful predictors of outcome in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

Method

Utilizing a multiparameter flow cytometric chemosensitivity assay (FCCA), we studied the relationship between in vitro drug sensitivity of diagnostic leukemic blasts from 30 children with ALL and rapidity of response to induction therapy. We also analyzed the in vitro drug sensitivity of de novo leukemic blasts among various clinical subsets.

Results

Compared to rapid early responders (RERs), slow early responders (SERs) had a significantly greater in vitro drug resistance to dexamethasone (DEX; P = 0.04) and prednisone (P = 0.05). The studies with all other drugs showed a non‐significant trend with the SER having a higher in vitro drug resistance compared to the RER. Risk group stratified analyses indicated that in vitro resistance to asparaginase (ASP), DEX, and vincristine (VCR) were each significantly related to having very high risk ALL. Additionally, a significantly higher in vitro drug resistance to ASP and VCR was associated with unfavorable lymphoblast genetics and ultimate relapse.

Conclusion

Our data indicate that this FCCA is a potentially simple and rapid method to detect inherent resistance to initial ALL therapy very early in induction, thus allowing for treatment modification shortly thereafter. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;53:543–550. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Compound heterozygous HAX1 mutations in a Swedish patient with severe congenital neutropenia and no neurodevelopmental abnormalities
Authors: Carlsson Göran , Elinder Göran , Malmgren Helena , Trebinska Alicja , Grzybowska Ewa , Dahl Niklas , Nordenskjöld Magnus , Fadeel Bengt
Published: June 2009

Kostmann disease or severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) is an autosomal recessive disorder of neutrophil production. Homozygous HAX1 mutations were recently identified in SCN patients belonging to the original family in northern Sweden described by Kostmann. Moreover, recent studies have suggested an association between neurological dysfunction and HAX1 deficiency. Here we describe a patient with a compound heterozygous HAX1 mutation consisting of a nonsense mutation (c.568C > T, p.Glu190X) and a frame‐shift mutation (c.91delG, p.Glu31LysfsX54) resulting in a premature stop codon. The patient has a history of neutropenia and a propensity for infections, but has shown no signs of neurodevelopmental abnormalities. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;53:1143–1146. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Miscarriage after invasive prenatal diagnostic procedures: how much risk our pregnant women are willing to take?
Authors: Chan Yiu Man , Sahota Daljit Singh , Chan Oi Ka , Leung Tak Yeung , Lau Tze Kin
Published: June 2009

Objectives

To elicit the level of risk of prenatal diagnostic procedure‐related miscarriage that Chinese pregnant women were willing to accept.

Methods

An interviewer‐administered survey was conducted on 276 women who presented to the University Obstetric Unit. Using the standard gamble approach, subjects were asked to choose between a screening test with a 90% detection rate and a diagnostic test which is definitive but carries a finite risk of abortion. This probability of abortion was varied until the subject was indifferent between the two choices, and the value was called the utility score.

Results

When compared with a screening test with 90% detection rate, the median utility score was 0.989 (IQR: 0.970–0.999). The median risk of abortion below which the subjects would rather opt for an invasive test instead of a screening test was 1.1%. The percentage of patients who could accept a procedure‐related miscarriage risk of 0.2, 0.5, 1 and 2% were 76, 67, 59.8 and 38.4%, respectively.

Conclusions

Pregnant Chinese women agreed to trade a definitive chromosomal diagnostic test from a highly effective screening test with a small risk of undiagnosed aneuploidy provided that the procedure‐related miscarriage risk was 1.1% or lower. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maternal serum angiopoietin‐2 at 11 to 13 weeks of gestation in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy
Authors: Akolekar Ranjit , Casagrandi Davide , Skyfta Evdoxia , Ahmed Abubaker Abdalla , Nicolaides Kypros H.
Published: June 2009

Objective

In women with preeclampsia (PE), the serum concentration of the growth factor angiopoietin‐2 (Ang‐2) is significantly lower than in unaffected controls. The objective of this study is to determine if the decrease in serum Ang‐2 is evident from the first trimester of pregnancy before the clinical onset of PE.

Methods

Serum Ang‐2 and uterine artery pulsatility index (PI) were measured at 11 to 13 weeks in 126 pregnancies that subsequently developed PE, 88 cases that developed gestational hypertension (GH) and 214 unaffected controls.

Results

Maternal serum Ang‐2 in the PE group [0.96 multiple of the median (MoM)] and in GH (1.12 MoM) was not significantly different from the unaffected group (1.07 MoM). Uterine artery PI was significantly higher in the PE group (1.32 MoM) but not in GH (1.11 MoM) compared to the unaffected group (1.05 MoM).

Conclusion

In pregnancies that develop PE there is Doppler evidence of impaired placentation from the first trimester of pregnancy. However, the impaired placentation is not reflected in altered maternal serum levels of Ang‐2. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparison of teachers' and school psychologists' perceptions of the importance of CHC abilities in the classroom
Authors: Fiorello Catherine A. , Thurman S. Kenneth , Zavertnik Jennifer , Sher Robert , Coleman Schehera
Published: June 2009

The broad cognitive abilities defined by the Cattell–Horn–Carroll (CHC) theory have been shown to predict school achievement. However, the ecological validity of these constructs has not been studied in classroom settings. This study compares ratings by a sample of teachers (n= 53) and school psychologists (n= 86) of the importance of the CHC cognitive abilities in the classroom. The scale demonstrated adequate reliability (total scale α = .93, median α = .74), although evidence of construct validity varied between teachers and school psychologists. Both teachers and school psychologists rated quantitative ability, crystallized knowledge, and fluid reasoning as most important to school success. However, school psychologists rated short‐term memory and quantitative ability as more important than did the teachers. Importance of these differences for consultation is discussed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Confirmatory factor analysis of the KABC‐II in preschool children
Authors: Morgan Kimberly E. , Rothlisberg Barbara A. , McIntosh David E. , Hunt Madeline S.
Published: June 2009

The present study assessed the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children, Second Edition (KABC‐II) in relation to the synthesized Cattell–Horn–Carroll (CHC) theory of intelligence with a preschool sample. Participants were 200 preschool children between four and five years of age. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted, and different variations of the CHC model were examined to determine which provided the best representation of the proposed underlying CHC constructs tested by the KABC‐II. The models included one similar to Spearman's g, a contemporary two‐stratum model consisting of fluid and crystallized intelligence (Gf‐Gc model), and a synthesized CHC broad factor +g model. The last was the empirically validated theory of interest in this study. Results of the CFA revealed that the broad factor +g CHC model was the best overall design to explain KABC‐II results. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis and characterization of indeno[1,2‐b]fluorene‐based white light‐emitting copolymer
Authors: Jeong Eunjae , Kim Sun Hee , Jung In Hwan , Xia Yangjun , Lee Kwanghee , Suh Hongsuk , Shim Hong‐Ku , Woo Han Young
Published: June 2009

An indenofluorene‐based copolymer containing blue‐, green‐, and red light‐emitting moieties was synthesized by Suzuki polymerization and examined for application in white organic light‐emitting diodes (WOLEDs). Tetraoctylindenofluorene (IF), 2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole (BT), and 4,7‐bis(2‐thienyl)‐2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole (DBT) derivatives were used as the blue‐, green‐, and red‐light emitting structures, respectively. The number‐average molecular weight of the polymer was determined to be 25,900 g/mol with a polydispersity index of 2.02. The polymer was thermally stable (Td = ∼398 °C) and quite soluble in common organic solvents, forming an optical‐quality film by spin casting. The EL characteristics were fine‐tuned from the single copolymer through incomplete fluorescence energy transfer by adjusting the composition of the red/green/blue units in the copolymer. The EL device using the indenofluorene‐based copolymer containing 0.01 mol % BT and 0.02 mol % DBT units (PIF‐BT01‐DBT02) showed a maximum brightness of 4088 cd/m2 at 8 V and a maximum current efficiency of 0.36 cd/A with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.34, 0.32). The EL emission of PIF‐BT01‐DBT02 was stable with respect to changes in voltage. The color emitted was dependent on the thickness of the active polymer layer; layer (∼60 nm) too thin was unsuitable for realizing WOLED via energy transfer. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 3467–3479, 2009
Ethylenebis(5‐chlorosalicylideneiminato)vanadium dichloride immobilized on MgCl2‐based supports as a highly effective precursor for ethylene polymerization
Authors: Białek Marzena , Pietruszka Anna
Published: June 2009

Ethylenebis(5‐chlorosalicylideneiminato)vanadium dichloride supported on MgCl2(THF)2 or on the same carrier modified by EtnAlCl3−n, where n = 1–3, was used in ethylene polymerization in the presence of MAO or a common alkylaluminium compounds as a cocatalyst. The support type alter vanadium loading and also change the characteristic of the catalytic active sites. Et2AlCl is the best activator for a catalyst which has been immobilized on a nonmodified support, whereas the systems which contain a carrier which has been modified by an organoaluminium compound reveal the highest activity in conjunction with MAO. That difference, together with different temperature effects on polymerization efficiency (i.e., decrease and increase of catalytic activity for increasing temperatures, respectively) suggest the formation of different types of active sites in the catalytic systems supported on modified and nonmodified magnesium carrier. However, all supported precatalysts possess a long lifetime, still being active towards ethylene polymerization after 2 h. All the systems yield wide MWD polyethylene, while bimodal MWD is found for some part of analyzed samples. Polyethylene with bimodal particle size distribution is formed with the system which contain modified carriers at higher temperatures. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 3480–3489, 2009