bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does Perceived Posttraumatic Growth Predict Observed Changes in Current-Standing and State Posttraumatic Growth?
Authors: Gangel Meghan J. , Kemmerly Rowan , Wilson Lindsey , Glickson Sydney , Frazier Patricia A. , Tennen Howard , Jayawickreme Eranda
Published: July 2023

Research on posttraumatic growth has been marred by the ubiquity of retrospective perceived growth assessments that lack construct validity. However, one justification for assessing perceived growth is that such perceptions may be a catalyst for subsequent change. We examined this question using a measurement-burst design in a representative midlife sample who had experienced a major negative life event in the past year (Wave 1: N = 804). Participants completed three waves of retrospective measures of perceived growth (Posttraumatic Growth Inventory), current-standing measures of posttraumatic growth domains, and experience-sampling assessments of state manifestations of growth-relevant domains twice a day for 3 weeks ( Nassessments = 32,099) over 6 months. In random-intercept cross-lagged panel models, perceived growth did not predict subsequent observed change in current standing or aggregated state assessments of growth. Overall, perceived growth does not appear to serve as a catalyst for positive change in the short term.
Evidence for Bidirectional, Cross-Lagged Associations Between Alliance and Psychological Distress in an Unguided Mobile-Health Intervention
Authors: Goldberg Simon B. , Jiwani Zishan , Bolt Daniel M. , Riordan Kevin M. , Davidson Richard J. , Hirshberg Matthew J.
Published: July 2023

Bidirectional associations between changes in symptoms and alliance are established for in-person psychotherapy. Alliance may play an important role in promoting engagement and effectiveness within unguided mobile-health (mHealth) interventions. Using models disaggregating alliance and psychological distress into within- and between-persons components (random intercept cross-lagged panel model), we report bidirectional associations between alliance and distress over the course of a 4-week smartphone-based meditation intervention ( n = 302, 80.0% elevated depression/anxiety). Associations were stable across time, and effect sizes were similar to those observed for psychotherapy (distress to alliance: βs = −0.13 to −0.14; alliance to distress: βs = −0.09 to −0.10). Alliance may be worth measuring to improve the acceptability and effectiveness of mHealth tools. Further empirical and theoretical work characterizing the role and meaning of alliance in unguided mHealth is warranted.
Teriflunomide treatment outcomes in multiple sclerosis: A Portuguese real-life experience
Authors: Nunes Carla Cecília , Abreu Pedro , Correia Filipe , Mendes Irene , Silva Ana Martins da
Published: July 2023

Teriflunomide is an oral disease-modifying therapy for relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis patients. A decline in physical and cognitive functions, which negatively impacts their quality of life (QoL), is observed in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis patients. The aim of this study was to characterise adult Portuguese relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis patients treated with teriflunomide in routine clinical practice concerning their quality of life, comorbidities, treatment effectiveness, satisfaction, compliance and safety. TeriLIVE-QoL was a multicentre, non-interventional, prospective cohort study that collected demographic and clinical characteristics, patient-reported outcomes and adverse events from patients treated with teriflunomide of 14 mg over 2 years. Notably, around 18 months of this period occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic. Of the 99 participants, 25% were treatment-naïve. Annualised relapse rate and the score for the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale decreased after 1 (p = 0.01) and 2 years of treatment (p < 0.001), respectively. Convenience (p = 0.001), effectiveness (p = 0.002) and global satisfaction scores (p < 0.001) presented high values (up to 95.6) and continued to improve along the study. Treatment persistence was 77%, and compliance reached 82% 2 years after initiation. Three patients experienced serious adverse events. TeriLIVE-QoL provides real-world evidence of clinical effectiveness, high treatment satisfaction, consistent safety and improved psychiatric outcomes, associated with elevated treatment persistence and compliance in patients treated with teriflunomide.iance reached 82% 2 years after initiation. Three patients experienced serious adverse events.
Local data at a national scale: Introducing a dataset of official municipal websites in the United States for text-based analytics
Authors: Cai Meng , Huang Huiqing , Decaminada Travis
Published: July 2023

Municipal websites serve as central platforms for local governments to share information with the public. They offer authoritative, up-to-date, and free access for researchers to collect city-level data. However, until now, a comprehensive and accurate database of municipal web addresses did not exist. Here, we introduce a complete and manually verified dataset containing information on whether a municipality has an official website and, if so, what its web address is, of all 19,518 municipalities in the United States. With this dataset, researchers can easily conduct systematic searches on municipal official websites for self-defined keywords. The search results are well-suited for text-based analytics. This new data source benefits urban scholars who struggle to access high-quality local data for nationwide studies and contributes to narrowing the data gap.
Association between home and community-based services and depressive symptoms in Chinese older adults: a multilevel analysis
Authors: Xu Tingke , Huang Zishuo , Huang Yucheng , Wang Shanshan , Zhang Xinxin , Hu Yaqi , Zhu Yue , Cheng Dayi , Fu Yating , Zhang Xiangyang , Chen Chun
Published: July 2023

Background

As the phenomenon of ageing continues to intensify, home and community-based services (HCBSs) have been increasingly important in China. However, the association between HCBSs utilization and depressive symptoms in older adults in China is unclear. Consequently, this study aimed to examine the association between HCBSs utilization and depressive symptoms in Chinese older adults.

Methods

This study included 7,787 older adults (≥ 60 years old) who were recruited within the framework of the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-10). HCBSs utilization was assessed via the question, “What kind of HCBSs were being utilized in their community?”. Data were analyzed using binary logistic regression models and generalized hierarchical linear models (GHLM).

Results

Of the 7,787 participants, 20.0% (n = 1,556) reported that they utilized HCBSs, and 36.7% (n = 2,859) were evaluated that they had depressive symptoms. After adjusting for individual- and province-level covariates, the HCBSs utilization was found to be associated with depressive symptoms (OR = 1.180, 95% CI: 1.035–1.346, p < 0.05). Additionally, the depressive symptoms were significantly associated with gender, residence, educational level, marital status, number of chronic diseases, self-rated health (SRH), smoking, and provincial Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita.

Conclusions

This study found HCBSs utilization might be a protective factor against depressive symptoms in Chinese older adults. It is of utmost significance for the government to provide targeted HCBSs at the community level to address the unmet care needs of older adults, which can reduce the occurrence of negative emotions, consequently contributing to less severe depressive symptoms.
Clinical and biochemical assessment of the effect of topical use of coenzyme Q10 versus topical corticosteroid in management of symptomatic oral lichen planus: randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Abdelsamie Mostafa , Zahran Fat’heya , Hussine Amal A. , Shaker Olfat , Al-mahallawi Abdulaziz Mohsen
Published: July 2023

Background

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic mucocutaneous immunologically mediated condition that has a great adverse effect on oral functions. Corticosteroids are still the first drugs of choice used in the treatment of OLP; however, they have extensive medical side effects. The present study was carried out to assess the clinical therapeutic effect of the topical use of coenzyme Q10 (coQ10 or ubiquinol) versus topical corticosteroids in the management of symptomatic OLP and to determine whether the effect, if any, was due to the powerful antioxidant activity of coQ10.

Subjects and methods

We performed a randomized, double blinded controlled trial at the Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Egypt. The study was conducted on 34 patients suffering from symptomatic OLP. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: intervention group (I),who received topical CoQ10 in the form of mucoadhesive tablets (40% CoQ10) 3 times daily for one month and control group (II),who received topical corticosteroid (kenacort in Orabase: triamcinolone acetonide 0.1% 5-g adhesive paste – dermapharm), 4 times daily for one month. Patients were evaluated at one-week intervals using the clinical parameters (score) of pain (VAS) and lesion size. Additionally, salivary levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) were detected in both groups before and after treatment using ELISA. All recorded data were analysed using independent t test, ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc test for lesion size and salivary level of MDA data and Mann–Whitney U test and Friedman test for VAS data.

Results

Both groups showed a significant reduction in pain and the size of the lesions (p ≤ 0.05) with no statistically significant difference between them (p > 0.05), and this clinical improvement was associated with a reduction in the salivary levels of MDA in both groups.

Conclusions

The topical use of CoQ10 mucoadhesive tablets was as effective as the topical use of triamcinolone acetonide, and its clinical effect was associated with a reduction in the salivary level of MDA.

Trial registration

The study protocol was registered at www.clinicaltrial.gov (NCT04091698) and registration date: 17/9/2019.
The LDL-C/ApoB ratio predicts cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in the general population
Authors: Xiao Li , Zhang Kerui , Wang Fang , Wang Min , Huang Qingxia , Wei Chenchen , Gou Zhongshan
Published: July 2023

Background

Generally, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size can be inferred from the LDL cholesterol concentration to total apolipoprotein B concentration ratio (LDL-C/ApoB ratio, hereinafter called LAR), which is a good predictor of cardiovascular disease. However, the predictive ability of LAR for mortality risk in the general population is still unclear. This study aimed to explore the association between LAR and cardiovascular as well as all-cause mortality among American adults.

Methods

The present study was a secondary analysis of existing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The final analysis included 12,440 participants from 2005 to 2014. Survival differences between groups were visualized using Kaplan‒Meier curves and the log-rank test. The association of LAR with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality was evaluated using multivariate Cox regression and restricted cubic spline analysis. Age, sex, coronary artery disease, diabetes, lipid-lowering medication use and hypertriglyceridemia were analyzed in subgroup analyses.

Results

The median age in the study cohort was 46.0 years [interquartile range (IQR): 31.0–62.0], and 6,034 (48.5%) participants were male. During the follow-up period, there were 872 (7.0%) all-cause deaths and 150 (1.2%) cardiovascular deaths. Compared with individuals without cardiovascular events, those who experienced cardiovascular deaths had a lower LAR (1.13 vs. 1.25) (P < 0.001). The adjusted Cox regression model indicated that lower LAR was an independent risk factor for both cardiovascular [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.304, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.114–0.812] and all-cause mortality (HR = 0.408, 95% CI: 0.270–0.617). Moreover, a significant age interaction was observed (P for interaction < 0.05), and there was a strong association between LAR and mortality among participants over 65 years of age. Further analysis showed an inverse association between LAR and both cardiovascular and all-cause mortality.

Conclusions

LAR can independently predict cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in the general population.
Prevalence of hepatitis C virus among patients with arthralgia: is it logic for screening?
Authors: Othman Arwa Mohammed , Al-hnhna Asma’a Ahmed , Al-Huraibi Belques Sharaf , Assayaghi Rowa Mohammed , Al-Qahtani Talal Yahya , Jahzar Kamal Hamoud , Al-Huthaifi Marwan Mohammed
Published: July 2023

Background

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is well-known to be associated with multiple extrahepatic manifestations such as arthralgia, myalgia, arthritis, and vasculitis. Many studies reported frequent rheumatologic manifestations among patients infected by HCV. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of HCV among chronic unexplained arthralgia patients in order to aid in the early detection and treatment of silent HCV infection.

Methods

This study was a cross-sectional observational study conducted from July 2020 to May 2022. It included 145 individuals suffering from chronic unexplained arthralgia, with vast majority having oligoarticular joint pain (110, 75.9%). They were 103 (71%) females and 42 (29%) males. Serum samples from all patients were examined for the presence of anti-HCV antibodies using a rapid immunochromatographic assay. Seropositive samples were further examined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of HCV RNA to confirm HCV infection.

Results

Out of 145 patients who complained of arthralgia, seven patients tested positive for anti-HCV with a seroprevalence of 4.8% while five patients tested positive for HCV-RNA with a molecular prevalence of 3.4%. All positive patients were males (11.9%) with high statistical significance (χ2 = 12.7 and p = 0.002). No association was found between HCV infection and age, blood transfusion, surgery, using personal shaving tools, or being a health-care worker.

Conclusions

The prevalence of HCV was high among males who complained of arthralgia. Patients with arthralgia, especially male patients, are recommended to perform HCV screening test.
Role of microRNAs in regulation of doxorubicin and paclitaxel responses in lung tumor cells
Authors: Maharati Amirhosein , Moghbeli Meysam
Published: July 2023

Lung cancer as the leading cause of cancer related mortality is always one of the main global health challenges. Despite the recent progresses in therapeutic methods, the mortality rate is still significantly high among lung cancer patients. A wide range of therapeutic methods including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery are used to treat lung cancer. Doxorubicin (DOX) and Paclitaxel (TXL) are widely used as the first-line chemotherapeutic drugs in lung cancer. However, there is a significant high percentage of DOX/TXL resistance in lung cancer patients, which leads to tumor recurrence and metastasis. Considering, the side effects of these drugs in normal tissues, it is required to clarify the molecular mechanisms of DOX/TXL resistance to introduce the efficient prognostic and therapeutic markers in lung cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have key roles in regulation of different pathophysiological processes including cell division, apoptosis, migration, and drug resistance. MiRNA deregulations are widely associated with chemo resistance in various cancers. Therefore, considering the importance of miRNAs in chemotherapy response, in the present review, we discussed the role of miRNAs in regulation of DOX/TXL response in lung cancer patients. It has been reported that miRNAs mainly induced DOX/TXL sensitivity in lung tumor cells by the regulation of signaling pathways, autophagy, transcription factors, and apoptosis. This review can be an effective step in introducing miRNAs as the non-invasive prognostic markers to predict DOX/TXL response in lung cancer patients.
Digital health and Clinical Patient Management System (CPMS) platform utility for data sharing of neuromuscular patients: the Italian EURO-NMD experience
Authors: Fortunato Fernanda , Bianchi Francesca , Ricci Giulia , Torri Francesca , Gualandi Francesca , Neri Marcella , Farnè Marianna , Giannini Fabio , Malandrini Alessandro , Volpi Nila , Lopergolo Diego , Silani Vincenzo , Ticozzi Nicola , Verde Federico , Pareyson Davide , Fenu Silvia , Bonanno Silvia , Nigro Vincenzo , Peduto Cristina , D’Ambrosio Paola , Zeuli Roberta , Zanobio Mariateresa , Picillo Esther , Servidei Serenella , Primiano Guido , Sancricca Cristina , Sciacco Monica , Brusa Roberta , Filosto Massimiliano , Cotti Piccinelli Stefano , Pegoraro Elena , Mongini Tiziana , Solero Luca , Gadaleta Giulio , Brusa Chiara , Minetti Carlo , Bruno Claudio , Panicucci Chiara , Sansone Valeria A. , Lunetta Christian , Zanolini Alice , Toscano Antonio , Pugliese Alessia , Nicocia Giulia , Bertini Enrico , Catteruccia Michela , Diodato Daria , Atalaia Antonio , Evangelista Teresinha , Siciliano Gabriele , Ferlini Alessandra
Published: July 2023

Background

The development of e-health technologies for teleconsultation and exchange of knowledge is one of the core purposes of European Reference Networks (ERNs), including the ERN EURO-NMD for rare neuromuscular diseases. Within ERNs, the Clinical Patient Management System (CPMS) is a web-based platform that seeks to boost active collaboration within and across the network, implementing data sharing. Through CPMS, it is possible to both discuss patient cases and to make patients’ data available for registries and databases in a secure way. In this view, CPMS may be considered a sort of a temporary storage for patients’ data and an effective tool for data sharing; it facilitates specialists’ consultation since rare diseases (RDs) require multidisciplinary skills, specific, and outstanding clinical experience.

Following European Union (EU) recommendation, and to promote the use of CPMS platform among EURO-NMD members, a twelve-month pilot project was set up to train the 15 Italian Health Care Providers (HCPs). In this paper, we report the structure, methods, and results of the teaching course, showing that tailored, ERN-oriented, training can significantly enhance the profitable use of the CPMS.

Results

Throughout the training course, 45 professionals learned how to use the many features of the CPMS, eventually opening 98 panels of discussion—amounting to 82% of the total panels included in the EURO-NMD. Since clinical, genetic, diagnostic, and therapeutic data of patients can be securely stored within the platform, we also highlight the importance of this platform as an effective tool to discuss and share clinical cases, in order to ease both case solving and data storing.

Conclusions

In this paper, we discuss how similar course could help implementing the use of the platform, highlighting strengths and weaknesses of e-health for ERNs. The expected result is the creation of a “map” of neuromuscular patients across Europe that might be improved by a wider use of CPMS.
Low skeletal muscle mass as an early sign in children with fabry disease
Authors: Lu Zhihong , Huang Guoping , Yu Ling , Wang Yan , Gao Langping , Lin Li , Hu Lidan , Mao Jianhua
Published: July 2023

Background & aims

Fabry disease (FD) is a rare X-linked metabolic storage disorder due to the deficiency of lysosomal α-galactosidase A which causes the accumulation of glycosphingolipids throughout the body. Underweight and low BMI have been occasionally reported in FD patients previously. Whether underweight is common in the early stage of FD and body composition analysis to determine the cause have not been reported.

Methods

Children who were diagnosed with FD in the Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine from July 2014 to December 2022 were enrolled. Clinical data were obtained from medical records. Whole body dual energy X-ray absorptiometry scans (DXA) were used to assess body composition (fat mass, FM; fat free mass, FFM and bone mass) according to the International Society of Clinical Densitometry’s standard operating method. Whole body muscle mass was calculated as fat-free mass minus bone mass. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) was calculated as the sum of the arm and the leg muscle mass. The FM, FFM, ULSM and LLSM indices were calculated by dividing the total FM, FFM, and upper and lower limb skeletal muscle mass (ULSM and LLSM) by the height squared.

Results

A total of eighteen children (14 boys and 4 girls) were enrolled. Thirteen boys had the classical phenotype, and five children (1 boy with the N215S mutation and 4 girls) had the late-onset phenotype. Seven children with the classical phenotype (53.8%) and two of the five children (40%) with the late-onset phenotype had abnormal BMIs. Sixteen of the eighteen children (88.9%) had a height in the normal range, suggesting that low BMI was mainly due to underweight. By DXA body composition analysis, the FMI was abnormal in 3 children (2 boys and 1 girl), and the FFMI was abnormal in 12 children (9 boys and 3 girls). For the classical phenotype, 2 of the 13 children (15.4%) had abnormal FMI values, while 10 (76.9%) had abnormal FFMI values. Eight patients (61.5%) with the classical phenotype had a significant reduction in muscle mass index, ASM index and LLSM index values compared with age- and sex- matched Chinese controls. Late-onset patients also had mild low skeletal muscle mass compared to controls. The results suggested that low skeletal muscle mass is common in early FD.

Conclusions

This is the first study to examine body composition and muscle mass in early Fabry disease patients. Low skeletal muscle mass is a common early symptom in children with Fabry disease, suggesting that skeletal muscle is significantly affected in the early stages of FD.
Ground-glass opacity score predicts the prognosis of anti-MDA5 positive dermatomyositis: a single-centre cohort study
Authors: Liu Lijun , Zhang Yinli , Wang Cong , Guan Wenjuan , Zhang Xin , Zhang Lei , He Yujie , Hu Wenlu , Liu Shengyun , Li Tianfang
Published: July 2023

Objective

Dermatomyositis (DM) positive with anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (anti-MDA5-DM) is a systemic autoimmune disease with high mortality. This study aimed to explore the risk factors of death in anti-MDA5-DM and validate a prediction model for all-cause mortality in anti-MDA5-DM.

Method

We conducted a retrospective study using a single-centre cohort of patients with newly onset anti-MDA5-DM from June 1, 2018 to August 31, 2021. Patients were divided into four groups according to baseline ground-glass opacity (GGO) score: Group A, GGO ≤ 1; Group B, 1 < GGO ≤ 2; Group C, 2 < GGO ≤ 3; Group D, GGO > 3. The primary outcome was death during the follow-up. Secondary outcomes included death within 3, 6, 12 months, severe infection, and remission during the first 12 months.

Results

A total of 200 patients were included in the study. Based on multivariable Cox regression, the prognostic factors at baseline were identified as CRP > 5 mg/L, serum ferritin (SF) > 600ng/ml, positive anti-Ro52 antibody, prophylactic use of compound sulfamethoxazole (SMZ Co), four-category GGO score: GGO ≤ 1, 1 < GGO ≤ 2, 2 < GGO ≤ 3, GGO > 3. The final mortality of four groups was 16.4, 22.2, 48.5, 92.0%, respectively. Compared with Group A, the Hazards Ratio (HR) of Group B was 1.408, (p = 0.408), HR of Group C was 3.433 (p = 0.005), HR of Group D was 4.376 (p = 0.001).

Conclusions

GGO score is a reliable predictor for risk stratification in anti-MDA5-DM and may provide guidance for individualized managements of patients.
Delayed intestinal obstruction from an unintentionally retained surgical gauze in a 24-year old woman two years after caesarean section: a case report
Authors: Bashir Samir Ismail , Ali Yasir Babiker , Ali Elsadig Mohamed , Osman Fadl Hiba Awadelkareem , Abdelmoneim Hamza Abdelrahman Hamza , Fadelallah Eljack Mohammed Mahmmoud
Published: July 2023

Background

One of the most common surgical emergencies, intestinal obstruction is rarely the result of an inadvertently retained foreign object (also known as a gossypiboma), which may not present symptoms for a lifetime. It also carries additional legal burdens, which may account for the rarity of its reports.

Case presentation

We report a 24-year-old Sudanese female with a history of emergency Caesarean section two years before the admission presented with abdominal distension and absolute constipation, which was diagnosed as intestinal obstruction with a retained gauzed found within the small intestine. Moreover, a review of recent African-reported cases was done to find relatively similar cases.

Conclusion

Adhering to the standard of care in surgical theaters and integrating new methods of prevention like tagged gauze could help to decrease the rate of such cases in the future.
Pragmatic, randomized, blinded trial to shorten pharmacologic treatment of newborns with neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS)
Authors: Czynski Adam , Laptook Abbot , Das Abhik , Smith Brian , Simon Alan , Greenberg Rachel , Annett Robert , Lee Jeannette , Snowden Jessica , Pedroza Claudia , Lester Barry , Eggleston Barry , Bremer Drew , McGowan Elisabeth
Published: July 2023

Background

The incidence of maternal opioid use in the USA has increased substantially since 2000. As a consequence of opioid use during pregnancy, the incidence of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) has increased fivefold between 2002 and 2012. Pharmacological therapy is indicated when signs of NOWS cannot be controlled, and the objective of pharmacological therapy is to control NOWS signs. Once pharmacologic therapy has started, there is great variability in strategies to wean infants. An important rationale for studying weaning of pharmacological treatment for NOWS is that weaning represents the longest time interval of drug treatment. Stopping medications too early may not completely treat NOWS symptoms.

Methods

This will be a pragmatic, randomized, blinded trial of opioid weaning to determine whether more rapid weaning, compared to slow wean, will reduce the number of days of opioid treatment in infants receiving morphine or methadone as the primary treatment for NOWS.

Discussion

The proposed study is a pragmatic trial to determine whether a rapid-weaning intervention reduces the number of days of opioid treatment, compared to a slow-weaning intervention, and we powered the proposed study to detect a 2-day difference in the length of treatment. Hospitals will be able to use either morphine or methadone with the knowledge that we may find a positive treatment effect for both, one, or neither drugs.

Trial registration

NCT04214834. Registered January 2, 2020.
Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis reveals the effects of polyploidization on the lignin content and metabolic pathway in Eucalyptus
Authors: Xu Tingting , Liu Zhao , Zhan Dingju , Pang Zhenwu , Zhang Shuwen , Li Chenhe , Kang Xiangyang , Yang Jun
Published: July 2023

Background

Lignin is a major restriction factor for the industrial production of biomass resources, such as pulp and bioenergy. Eucalyptus is one of the most important sources of pulp and bioenergy. After polyploidization, the lignin content of forest trees is generally reduced, which is considered a beneficial genetic improvement. However, the differences in the lignin content between triploid and diploid Eucalyptus and the underlying regulatory mechanism are still unclear.

Results

We conducted a comprehensive analysis at the phenotypic, transcriptional and metabolite levels between Eucalyptus urophylla triploids and diploids to reveal the effects of polyploidization on the lignin content and lignin metabolic pathway. The results showed that the lignin content of Eucalyptus urophylla triploid stems was significantly lower than that of diploids. Lignin-related metabolites were differentially accumulated between triploids and diploids, among which coniferaldehyde, p-coumaryl alcohol, sinapaldehyde and coniferyl alcohol had significant positive correlations with lignin content, indicating that they might be primarily contributing metabolites. Most lignin biosynthetic genes were significantly downregulated, among which 11 genes were significantly positively correlated with the lignin content and above metabolites. Furthermore, we constructed a co-expression network between lignin biosynthetic genes and transcription factors based on weighted gene co-expression network analysis. The network identified some putative orthologues of secondary cell wall (SCW)-related transcription factors, among which MYB52, MYB42, NAC076, and LBD15 were significantly downregulated in Eucalyptus urophylla triploids. In addition, potential important transcription factors, including HSL1, BEE3, HHO3, and NAC046, also had high degrees of connectivity and high edge weights with lignin biosynthetic genes, indicating that they might also be involved in the variation of lignin accumulation between triploid and diploid Eucalyptus urophylla.

Conclusions

The results demonstrated that some lignin-related metabolites, lignin biosynthetic genes and transcription factors in Eucalyptus urophylla triploids may be relatively sensitive in response to the polyploidization effect, significantly changing their expression levels, which ultimately correlated with the varied lignin content. The analysis of the underlying formation mechanism could provide beneficial information for the development and utilization of polyploid biomass resources, which will be also valuable for genetic improvement in other bioenergy plants.
Rhesus macaque social functioning is paternally, but not maternally, inherited by sons: potential implications for autism
Authors: Garner Joseph P. , Talbot Catherine F. , Del Rosso Laura A. , McCowan Brenda , Kanthaswamy Sreetharan , Haig David , Capitanio John P. , Parker Karen J.
Published: July 2023

Background

Quantitative autistic traits are common, heritable, and continuously distributed across the general human population. Patterns of autistic traits within families suggest that more complex mechanisms than simple Mendelian inheritance—in particular, parent of origin effects—may be involved. The ideal strategy for ascertaining parent of origin effects is by half-sibling analysis, where half-siblings share one, but not both, parents and each individual belongs to a unique combination of paternal and maternal half-siblings. While this family structure is rare in humans, many of our primate relatives, including rhesus macaques, have promiscuous breeding systems that consistently produce paternal and maternal half-siblings for a given index animal. Rhesus macaques, like humans, also exhibit pronounced variation in social functioning.

Methods

Here we assessed differential paternal versus maternal inheritance of social functioning in male rhesus macaque offspring (N = 407) using ethological observations and ratings on a reverse-translated quantitative autistic trait measurement scale. Restricted Maximum Likelihood mixed models with unbounded variance estimates were used to estimate the variance components needed to calculate the genetic contribution of parents as the proportion of phenotypic variance (σ2P) between sons that could uniquely be attributed to their shared genetics (σ2g), expressed as σ2g/σ2P (or the proportion of phenotypic variance attributable to genetic variance), as well as narrow sense heritability (h2).

Results

Genetic contributions and heritability estimates were strong and highly significant for sons who shared a father but weak and non-significant for sons who shared a mother. Importantly, these findings were detected using the same scores from the same sons in the same analysis, confirmed when paternal and maternal half-siblings were analyzed separately, and observed with two methodologically distinct behavioral measures. Finally, genetic contributions were similar for full-siblings versus half-siblings that shared only a father, further supporting a selective paternal inheritance effect.

Limitations

These data are correlational by nature. A larger sample that includes female subjects, enables deeper pedigree assessments, and supports molecular genetic analyses is warranted.

Conclusions

Rhesus macaque social functioning may be paternally, but not maternally, inherited by sons. With continued investigation, this approach may yield important insights into sex differences in autism’s genetic liability.
Real-time observation of phase transition from layered to spinel phase under electron beam irradiation
Authors: Seo Jong Hyeok , Park Joon Yong , Kim Yong-Il , Nam Ki Min , Jang Jae Hyuck , Kwon Ji-Hwan
Published: July 2023

Transition metal hydroxides (TM(OH)2) have drawn significant attention for their potential applications in the environmental and energy field. In this study, we investigated the phase transition of cobalt hydroxide (Co(OH)2) under electron beam irradiation using in situ high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Both the α- and β-Co(OH)2 phases underwent a phase transition to a spinel Co3O4 phase, forming nanograins with a porous morphology. However, the α-Co(OH)2 showed a faster phase transition and dramatic volume shrinkage during the phase transition. Our results provide a detailed explanation of the mechanism behind the deterioration of the layered structure and the emergence of defects during the phase transition.
How variable are Birkeland currents?
Authors: Burchill Johnathan K.
Published: July 2023

I address the problem of estimating the time-rate-of-change of high-latitude Birkeland currents by using a string-of-pearls formation of satellites. Space series are calculated by linear interpolation of measurements made at the revisit times of the satellites. A lower bound on the total time derivative can be estimated as a function of distance along the orbit. Space series of the vertical component of electric current density, used as a proxy for field-aligned (Birkeland) current density at high latitude, are estimated from the along-track spatial derivative of Swarm magnetic field measurements residual to the CHAOS-7 internal field model. The results reveal non-negligible total time derivatives over periods shorter than 2 mins. Auroral Birkeland current densities derived from single-satellite traversals of magnetic field gradients can change dramatically in the time it takes a single satellite to cross a large-scale current system. In one example, during an overflight by the Swarm satellites of the THEMIS Fort Yukon all-sky imager on 1 December 2013, the vertical current density poleward of a visually quiescent auroral arc changes from $$\sim 0.3\ \mu \,\hbox {A}/\hbox {m}^{2}$$

∼
0.3

μ

A
/

m
2

upward to $$\sim 1.0\ \mu \,\hbox {A}/\hbox {m}^{2}$$

∼
1.0

μ

A
/

m
2

downward in 13.7 s (corresponding to an along-track separation of Swarm A and B of 104 km). The variability of Auroral Birkeland currents, between 25 November 2013 and 31 December 2013, as estimated by the median of $$|dj_z/dt|$$

|
d

j
z

/
d
t
|

, reaches $$15\ \hbox {nA}/\hbox {m}^{2}/\textrm{s}$$

15

nA
/

m
2

/
s

in the northern dayside auroral zone and exceeds $$30\ \hbox {nA}/\hbox {m}^{2}/\textrm{s}$$

30

nA
/

m
2

/
s

in the pre-noon sector of the southern hemisphere.

Graphic Abstract
Information and communication integration in smart factory design
Authors: Fauska Christian , Kniežová Jaroslava
Published: July 2023

Strategic smart factory design is essential to utilize Industry 4.0 technologies in production environments effectively. Although a series of earlier reviews in the context of smart manufacturing have been published, so far none addresses smart factory design, i. e. the planning and operation of smart factories.  This review provides an overview of recent research in the field by systematizing opportunities, risks and success factors of smart factory design as available from recent empirical studies (2018-2022). Businesses are informed how smart factory design should be approached and implemented to realize cost advantages and increase competitiveness. Academic research benefits of a classification of relevant issues and open research fields are outlined.
The relationship between climate change and malaria in South-East Asia: A systematic review of the evidence
Authors: Rahmani Ardhi Arsala , Susanna Dewi , Febrian Tommi
Published: July 2023

Background: Climatic change is an inescapable fact that implies alterations in seasons where weather occurrences have their schedules shift from the regular and magnitudes intensify to more extreme variations over a multi-year period. Southeast Asia is one of the many regions experiencing changes in climate and concurrently still has endemicities of malaria. Given that previous studies have suggested the influence of climate on malaria’s vector the Anopheles mosquitoes and parasite the Plasmodium group, this study was conducted to review the evidence of associations made between malaria cases and climatic variables in Southeast Asia throughout a multi-year period.

Methods: Our systematic literature review was informed by the PRISMA guidelines and registered in PROSPERO: CRD42022301826 on 5th February 2022. We searched for original articles in English and Indonesian that focused on the associations between climatic variables and malaria cases.

Results: The initial identification stage resulted in 535 records of possible relevance and after abstract screening and eligibility assessment we included 19 research articles for the systematic review. Based on the reviewed articles, changing temperatures, precipitation, humidity and windspeed were considered for statistical association across a multi-year period and are correlated with malaria cases in various regions throughout Southeast Asia.

Conclusions: According to the review of evidence, climatic variables that exhibited a statistically significant correlation with malaria cases include temperatures, precipitation, and humidity. The strength of each climatic variable varies across studies. Our systematic review of the limited evidence indicates that further research for the Southeast Asia region remains to be explored.
The genome sequence of the Oak Rustic, Dryobota labecula (Esper, 1788)
Authors: Holland Peter W.H. ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: July 2023

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Dryobota labecula (the Oak Rustic; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Noctuidae). The genome sequence is 767.0 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 32 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the W and Z sex chromosomes. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 15.38 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 18,924 protein coding genes.
The genome sequence of the springtail Allacma fusca (Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Jaron Kamil S. , Berg Matty P. , Ellers Jacintha , Hodson Christina N. , Ross Laura ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: July 2023

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Allacma fusca (the springtail; Arthropoda; Collembola; Symphypleona; Sminthuridae). The genome sequence is 392.8 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 6 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the X1 and X2 sex chromosomes. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 14.94 kilobases in length.
The Diversity Heuristic: How Team Demographic Composition Influences Judgments of Team Creativity
Authors: Proudfoot Devon , Berry Zachariah , Chang Edward H. , Kay Min B.
Published: July 2023

Despite mixed evidence for the relationship between demographic diversity and creativity, we propose that observers hold a lay belief that demographic diversity increases creativity and apply this lay belief in judgments about teams and their creative work. Across eight preregistered studies (n = 5,530), we find that observers judge teams diverse in terms of race and gender to be more creative than teams homogeneous in terms of race and gender, including in incentive-compatible predictions made about real teams competing in a creativity challenge. We also find that products attributed to demographically diverse teams are evaluated as more creative compared with identical products attributed to demographically homogenous teams. Mediation analyses provide evidence consistent with the notion that people perceive demographic diversity (i.e., social category differences) to be correlated with cognitive diversity (i.e., difference of perspectives), and this belief contributes to attributions of greater creativity to diverse teams and the ideas they generate. We can also turn off the perceived association between demographic diversity and creativity by directly manipulating people’s perceptions of team cognitive diversity. Furthermore, we find evidence of a curvilinear relationship between the proportion of racial minorities or women in a group and judgments of the group’s creativity. Together, our results suggest that the popular uptake of the belief that diversity boosts creativity may impact how creativity is identified in organizational contexts.

This paper was accepted by Yuval Rottenstreich, behavioral economics and decision analysis.

Funding: This research was supported by funds from the School of Industrial and Labor Relations, Cornell University, and Harvard Business School, Harvard University, including a grant from the Cornell Center for Advanced Human Resource Studies.

Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4862 .
Continuously tunable modulation scheme for homodyne detection and state tomography
Authors: Lane Benjamin Bret , Chen Junxin , Shadmany Danial , Lanza Robert , Mavalvala Nergis
Published: July 2023

Homodyne detection is a common self-referenced technique to extract optical quadratures. Due to ubiquitous fluctuations, experiments measuring optical quadratures require homodyne angle control. Current homodyne angle locking techniques only provide high quality error signals in a span significantly smaller than π radians, the span required for full state tomography, leading to inevitable discontinuities during full tomography. Here, we present and demonstrate a locking technique using a universally tunable modulator which produces high quality error signals at an arbitrary homodyne angle. Our work enables continuous full-state tomography and paves the way to backaction evasion protocols based on a time-varying homodyne angle.
Direct temporal characterization of sub-3-fs deep UV pulses generated by resonant dispersive wave emission
Authors: Reduzzi M. , Pini M. , Mai L. , Cappenberg F. , Colaizzi L. , Vismarra F. , Crego A. , Lucchini M. , Brahms C. , Travers J. C. , Borrego-Varillas R. , Nisoli M.
Published: July 2023

We report on the complete temporal characterization of ultrashort pulses, generated by resonant dispersive wave emission in gas-filled hollow-capillary fibers, with energy in the microjoule range and continuously tunable from the deep-ultraviolet to the ultraviolet. Temporal characterization of such ultrabroad pulses, particularly challenging in this spectral region, was performed using an all-in-vacuum setup for self-diffraction frequency resolved optical gating (SD-FROG). Sub-3-fs pulses were measured, tunable from 250 nm to 350 nm, with a minimum pulse duration of 2.4 ± 0.1 fs.
Single-mode optical fiber couplers made of fluoride glass
Authors: Rezaei Mohsen , Zeweldi Gebrehiwot Tesfay , Shamim Md Hosne Mobarok , Rochette Martin
Published: July 2023

We demonstrate the first single-mode optical fiber couplers made with ZBLAN optical fiber. Couplers are fabricated using a controlled tapering procedure enabling high reproducibility while limiting glass crystallization. A coupling ratio of up to 41%/59% in cross/through ports with an excess loss of 2.5 dB is obtained at a wavelength of 2.73 μm. In addition, the stability of a coupler with traces of surface crystallization is tested at ambient atmosphere over a period of more than 90 days.
Characterization of the angular memory effect of dynamic turbid media
Authors: Li Runze , Peng Tong , Bai Chen , Wang Ping , Zhou Meiling , Yu Xianghua , Min Junwei , Yao Baoli
Published: July 2023

The optical angular memory effect (AME) is a basic feature of turbid media and defines the correlation of speckles when the incident light is tilted. AME based imaging through solid scattering media such as ground glass and biomedical tissue has been recently developed. However, in the case of liquid media such as turbid water or blood, the speckle pattern exhibits dynamic time-varying characteristics, which introduces several challenges. The AME of the thick volume dynamic media is particularly different from the layer scatterers. In practice, there are more parameters, e.g., scattering particle size, shape, density, or even the illuminating beam aperture that can influence the AME range. Experimental demonstration of AME phenomenon in liquid dynamic media and confirm the distinctions will contribution to complete the AME theory. In this paper, a dual-polarization speckle detection setup was developed to characterize the AME of dynamic turbid media, where two orthogonal polarized beams were employed for simultaneous detection by a single CCD. The AME of turbid water, milk and blood were measured. The influence of thickness, concentration, particle size and shape, and beam diameter were analyzed. The AME increasement of upon the decrease of beam diameter was tested and verified. The results demonstrate the feasibility of this method for investigating the AME phenomenon and provide guidance for AME based imaging through scattering media.
High sensitivity gas sensor based on surface exciton polariton enhanced photonic spin Hall effect
Authors: Yang Weifang , Ang L. K. , Zhang Wentao , Han Jiaguang , Xu Yi
Published: July 2023

In this paper, the sub-wavelength transverse displacement of photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE) is significantly enhanced by the surface exciton polariton (SEP) for application in gas sensing. The transverse displacement of 14.4 times the wavelength of incident light is achieved with the SEP enhanced PSHE, which is about 3 times that of surface plasmon resonance enhanced PSHE. A gas sensor based on SEP enhanced PSHE is proposed for the detection of SO2, and the refractive index sensitivity of 6320.4 µm/RIU is obtained in the refractive index range from 1.00027281 to 1.00095981. These results undoubtedly demonstrate SEP to be a promising mechanism for PSHE enhancement, and open up new opportunities for highly sensitive gas sensing, biosensing, and chemical sensing.
Interplay between intensity-dependent dispersion and Kerr nonlinearity on the soliton formation
Authors: Chang Jen-Hsu , Lin Chun-Yan , Lee Ray-Kuang
Published: July 2023

A generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation is studied with the interplay between Kerr nonlinearity and intensity-dependent dispersion. The supported soliton solutions are characterized analytically in different families by the pseudo-potential method, in terms of Maimistov and Cuspon solitons for different ratio between the intensity-dependent dispersion and Kerr nonlinearity. Direct numerical simulations also agree with our analytical formulas. In addition to the well-studied Kerr-type nonlinearity, our results reveal an unexplored scenario with the introduction of the nonlinear corrections to wave dispersion.