bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analytical Solution for the Time-Fractional Pennes Bioheat Transfer Equation on Skin Tissue
Authors: Cui Zhou Jin , Chen Gui Dong , Zhang Rui
Published: October 2014

This study focuses on analytical solution of a fractional Pennes bioheat transfer equation on skin tissue. The method of separating variables, finite Fourier sine transformation, Laplace transformation and their corresponding inverse transforms are used to solve this equation with three kinds of nonhomogeneous boundary conditions, namely, Dirichlet, Neumann and Robin boundary value conditions. The exact solutions are discussed and derived in the form of generalized Mittag-Leffler function. In addition, numerical results are presented graphically for various values of order factional derivative.
Automatic Term Recognition Using Hybrid Method Based on Rewriting and Statistic
Authors: Xiong Wen
Published: October 2014

Machine aided human translation (MAHT) for the abstract of patent texts is an important step to the deep processing of the patent data, where the terms have significant application value. This paper investigates the automatic term recognition (ATR), and proposes a new hybrid method based on two-phase analysis and statistic to generate English candidate terms. The segments including stop words were not simply discarded; instead, a rewriting method using beginning patterns, ending patterns, and inner patterns on the phase two was employed for the processing of the segments. In the meantime, generalized statistical measures were used for the evaluation of the candidates such as the generalized mutual information (MI), Log-Likelihood Ratio (LLR), and C-value to filter the low score’s candidate terms and to attain the intersection set of them. The experiments on the patent abstract texts extracted randomly show the availability of the method.
A Improved Grey Model Based on Cosine Transformation
Authors: Dai Wen Zhan , Zheng Qi Feng
Published: October 2014

In this paper, based on the basic theory of GM(1,1), we present a new method based on cosine function transform the discrete data sequence disposed through the standardization processing to improve the smoothness, first we theoretically proved that this transformation can improve smoothness of the original data sequence after a certain standardization, and more effective than some former method, an example is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of this method in the last of this paper.
Three-Dimensional Simulation of Virtual Plants Branch Structure Based on Quasi Binary-Tree and L System
Authors: Yin Ying Ying
Published: October 2014

In order to simulate the plant branch structure in three-dimensional space, and extract the growth more efficiently, this paper presented a new method to simulate the structure of plant branch based on quasi binary-tree structure and three-dimensional L system. The results of the actual trees simulation shows that this method can describe the plants branch structure efficiently and provide a new way for the simulation of plants.
Hyper-Parameters Selection of LS-SVM Based on PSO Algorithm with Multi-Particles Sharing Strategy
Authors: Liu Jie , Gan Xu Sheng , Gao Wen Ming
Published: October 2014

To optimize the parameters of LS-SVM effectively, an improved Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is proposed to select the optimal parameters combination. For the improvement of the precocity in PSO algorithm, an multi-particles sharing strategy is introduced in simple PSO algorithm to enhance the convergence. The simulation indicates that the proposed PSO algorithm has a better selection on LS-SVM parameters.
Research on Solid Particle Erosion Behaviors of TC4 Alloy at Different Erosion Angles
Authors: Guo Bao Hui
Published: October 2014

The solid particle erosion behaviors of TC4 Alloy were studied at different erosion angles. The results show that the erosion rate of TC4 alloy at impact angle 30o was higher than those at the impact angles of both 60o and 90o. At low impact angle, the erosion mechanism could be concluded as grinding erosion and furrow erosion. However, the erosion mechanism could be fatigue erosion at large impact angle.
The Shortest Path Optimization Based on Mutation Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Li Juan
Published: October 2014

The traditional evolutionary algorithm is cannot converge faster to solve the path optimization problems, and the path that is computed is not the shortest path, in allusion to the disadvantage of this algorithm, a mutation particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed. The algorithm introduces the adaptive mutation strategy, and accelerated the speed to search for the global optimal solution. For seven examples experiment in standard database, the result shows that the algorithm is more efficient..
An Extended Evacuation Floor Field Cellular Automata Model with Guide Field Strength
Authors: Zhao Jing , Li Bin Bing , Feng Lin
Published: October 2014

In this paper, we improved the traditional FF (floor Field) model by using the theory of cellular automata on personnel evacuation simulation on redefining static and dynamic field strength and adding guide field strength in the model. The extended model analyzed the different impact of directional dynamic guiding mode on personnel evacuation behavior and after the simulation of an evacuation in an imaginary supermarket, the analysis of the situation shows a better result.
Free Energy of Damaged Solids
Authors: Zhang Ji
Published: October 2014

This paper examines the free energy potentials of damaged solids for the construction of damage mechanics constitutive models. The physical meaning of free energy in solid mechanics is analyzed in contrast with that in traditional fields of thermodynamics; 1D stress-strain curves are used to show the relationships between various thermodynamic state functions in isothermal loading processes; and the role of plastic free energy in damage evolution is discussed both macroscopically and microscopically. It is concluded that plastic free energy, which is a macroscopic representation of some additional microscopic elastic energy, cannot do work during unloading but get released when damage takes place, constituting part of the driving force for damage evolution.
Environmentally Adaptive Segmentation Algorithm for Outdoor Crops Using Gaussian Mixture Model
Authors: Yu Zheng Hong , Wang Hong Mei
Published: October 2014

Crop segmentation from outdoor images is still an open problem. In this paper, we proposed a novel crop segmentation method using Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM), which is robust and not sensitive to the challenging outdoor light conditions and complex environmental elements. The method mainly consists of two stages, supervised learning stage and segmentation stage. The GMM is utilized in the former stage to establish crop color model in the HSI color space and a decision function is provided in the latter stage to realize the final crop segmentation. Comparing experimental results show that our method outperforms the other commonly used methods in yielding the highest performance of 94.91% with the lowest standard deviation of 3.14%.
Application and Design for Security Middleware in Mobile Internet
Authors: Jia Shi Zhun , Lin Jun , Feng Xiao Rong
Published: October 2014

This paper proposes a structure model of security middleware suitable for mobile Internet, describes the functions of its main part and the running process of the whole middleware, and makes a detailed design of security services layer based on CORBA service and mobile agent technology. The new design aims at providing an effective solution to the security of mobile Internet.
Attention Failure Model in Human-Computer Interactive Interface
Authors: Wu Xiao Li
Published: October 2014

Errors are common human failures occurring in information interface and its cognition mechanism of errors is an important hitting-point for improving interface design as well as the key for reducing cognition difficulties. This paper studies error factors of information interface in human-computer interaction based on visual cognition theory. A feasible attention failure model is established to solve some design problems which result in serious failures in information recognition and analysis, and even in operation and execution processes.
The Research on Cloud Platform Considered Privacy Household Load Data Processing
Authors: Chen Qi , Ma Yu Ming
Published: October 2014

To solve the problems such as randomness user behavior, effective privacy protection and massive data processing shortage, this paper has proposed a household load data processing method with privacy protection, combined data mining and cloud computing. First, it gave the platform architecture and individual protection model. Then, it proposed Mask-k_means database encryption method, algorithm parallelization was implemented by MapReduce. Finally, this paper varied the method was and implemented household load data processing based on statistics and real-measured data respectively. One conclusion is that feasibility of cluster analysis for multi-user was low, while single-user load analysis is high. The other is that this method is simple and practical. This can provide a new way to household load big data under smart electricity consuming.
Design and Implementation of Question and Answer System Based on Mobile Phone Platform
Authors: Liu Yan Fei , He Cheng
Published: October 2014

Question and Answer System which is designed for the course named “JAVA Program Design and Application” to solve the questions that students ask outside class uses BootStrap technology for the front layout and JSP/Servlet technology for the back-end functions. It has achieved the following functions: student users can submit questions, browse questions, search questions and reply to the questions submitted by other students; while teacher users can answer questions, browse questions, search questions and administrate the subjects of questions and the information of users. In order to use accessibly, not only the mobile website is released, but also the Apps for both Android version and IOS version are provided for users to download.
Application of Computer Technology in Maize Production Implementation Precision Agriculture
Authors: Cai Jian Pei , Yao Yu Xia
Published: October 2014

This paper describes the composition and application of precision agriculture technology,combined with the national"863"project and Jilin corn production situation,analyzes the feasibility of application of computer technology in the precision agriculture in corn production,introduces the precision agriculture in Jilin Province demonstration application, which summed up Jilin province No. Thirteen Village in maize production in the first the implementation of precision agriculture technology,is important to the promotion of Jilin province and even the whole country.
The Numerical Simulation Analysis Method of Steel-Concrete Joint Section in Hybrid Girder of Cable-Stayed Bridge
Authors: Xing Bing , Li Xiao Zhen
Published: October 2014

The steel-concrete joint section is a critical structure of load transmission in cable-stayed bridge girder. Under the requirement of calculation efficiency, correct numerical simulation is an important method to acquire the inter stress and deflection on the joint section of cable-stayed bridge girder. Taken the steel-concrete joint section finite element analysis of a cable-stayed bridge as an engineering background, the whole process simulation method of cable-stayed bridge steel-concrete joint section is introduced, which considering the nonlinear bond slippage effect and ANSYS program is employed. The effect on mechanical behavior and damage pattern of structures is also compared among different stud constitutive relation. The calculation results show that the numerical results of nonlinear stud joint section FE model are in a good agreement with the model experiment testing data. The equivalent stress of bearing plate from the simulation is relatively high under the ultimate load, and, the crack distribute at the whole concrete section. The calculation results of linear stud FE joint section model are close to the results of nonlinear stud joint section FE model under the design load. Under the ultimate load, the choice of different stud shear stiff model has effect on the concrete at crack initial moment. While after the most concrete crack, there is little difference on the crack distribution between the nonlinear and linear stud joint section FE model.
Application of Centrifugal Model Tests in the Preliminary Support of the Tunnel: A Review
Authors: Qiu Jun Ling , Lai Jin Xing
Published: October 2014

Centrifugal modeling technology has been applied to geotechnical engineering for more than half a century. It has been an important and indispensible means to simulate the geotechnical behavior because it has the same material, the similar boundary conditions and the same stress level. And it is also commonly used in tunnel-related research. Centrifugal tests of pipe-roof and small pipe grouting in tunnel were analyzed, the important effects of centrifugal tests on preliminary support of the tunnel were also emphasized. Problems often met in model tests of tunnelling were solved, such as structure model, modeling soil, preliminary support model and general programming of experiment proposal. The future development of centrifuges in tunnelling is also presented.
Three Dimensional Micro Detection Scheme of Fatigue Cracks in Steel Box Girder with HIROX Testing System
Authors: Zhang Jian , Hong Tao , Gao Yan Yuan , Ye Jian Shu , Ai Jun
Published: October 2014

In practical steel box girder, the fatigue cracks are inevitably existed in steel bridges after they are burdened with the overloading vehicles and larger numbers of automobiles. How to efficiently detect the fatigue cracks, especially the initial fatigue cracks, become one of the most important question to be solved for the steel box girder. HIROX testing system is based on three dimensional micro detection technique, which was successfully used into the domains of aeronautics and astronautics. Three dimensional micro detection scheme of fatigue cracks in steel box girder with HIROX testing system is studied in this paper. Through the data from the testing design, the important characteristic width and length of the fatigue crack can be achieved, which can be used for the grasping of the mechanism of the steel box girder.
Analysis on Out-of-Plane Seismic Stability Performance of Aluminium Beams under Cyclic Bending
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Chen Xue Chao , Ma Yong Chao , Wang Zhi Bin
Published: October 2014

The out-of-plane mechanical properties of aluminium beams under cyclic bending were studied and contrasted to those of steel beams. In order to carry out research on out-of-plane seismic stability performance of aluminium beams, a method by finite element analysis was proposed. The method was based on FEA software, ANSYS. The analysis methods considered the effects of material nonlinearity, geometrical nonlinearity and initial imperfection. Based on above, hysteretic curves, reversal skeleton curves and stiffness degradation curves of 6061-T6 aluminium beams, 6061-T4 aluminium beams and Q235 steel beams under cyclic bending were get and contrasted. Results show that the out-of-plane seismic stability performance of the aluminium beams is lower than the low carbon steel beams and is significantly influenced by material properties.
Simulation on Freeze-Thaw Action in Multi-Cracks in Rock Mass
Authors: Ji Wen Dong , Kang Yong Shui , An Xiao Yu , Zhao Yue
Published: October 2014

Freeze-thaw action in fractured rock mass is discussed. Moist rock exposed to subfreezing temperature would suffer from freeze-thaw deterioration, which would pose serious threat to the stability of geotechnical engineering. Some key factors influencing freeze-thaw action in rock mass is analyzed, such as temperature, freezing rate, freeze-thaw cycles and porosity of the rock. Further more, using the theory of physical chemistry, the freezing point and frozen ratio were derived. Finally, the model of frost crack was built by ANSYS and then imported into FLAC3D by converting procedure. The stress field, temperature filed as well as the normal and shear stress on surface of the cracks were demonstrated. The effect of freezing pressure is reflected in the results.
Design Procedure for Fire-Exposed Preloaded Rectangular RC Columns Strengthened with Post-Compressed Plates
Authors: Wang Lu , Su Ray Kai Leung
Published: October 2014

It is well known that fires can cause significant damage to reinforced concrete building structures. In many cases, fire would only affect some parts of the building. It is therefore more economical and environmentally friendly to repair the fire-exposed structural components rather than to demolish the whole buildings. In this paper, a summary of experimental study of fire-exposed rectangular reinforced concrete (RC) columns repaired with post-compressed plates (PCP) is described. In the meantime, the design method for this new type of PCP repairing fire-exposed RC columns that can ensure proper repairing details for desirable performance is presented.
Preliminary Toxicology Evaluation of Silymarin
Authors: Zhao Fei , Li Xin Hua
Published: October 2014

Research silymarin food security through animal experiments. Acute toxicity test, mouse bone marrow micronucleus test, mice sperm abnormality test results were evaluated. Male and female mice by oral maximum tolerated dose (MTD) are more than 20.0g/kg body weight, according to the acute toxicity grading standards, which are non-toxic level. Mouse bone marrow micronucleus test, mice sperm abnormality test and genotoxicity test were negative. Showed that silymarin is a food safety component.
Effects of Oxygen on Cutting Process in Machining Ti6Al4V
Authors: Wang Hui , Ni Fu Sheng , Gu Lei
Published: October 2014

During the Ti6Al4V machining, the oxygen reaction will happened to form oxide film in the cutting zone under high temperature and pressure, which effect the cutting process. In this paper,the effects of oxygen on cutting process in machining Ti6Al4V with carbide alloy tool YG8 was investigated. The oxygen element generation, the chemical composition of the oxide and the oxide film generation in cutting process was studied. The research results show that variety of oxides generated in rake face and oxide film formed in the tool-chip contact surface, which effect the cutting process and tool life.
Research on Predictive Current Control for Three-Level Four-Leg APF
Authors: Hou Wen Bao , Li De Lu
Published: October 2014

Taking three-level four-leg active power filter (APF) as research object, this paper establishes the corresponding mathematical model. In addition, the paper establishes the Matlab model based on predictive current control strategy, and then the theoretical analysis and simulation research are conducted. The simulation and experimental results show that the APF with predictive current control strategy can compensate harmonic current and neutral current well and make the two capacitors voltage balance effectively.
The Method of the Green Design and Manufacturing for the Construction Machinery
Authors: Yang Ji Rong
Published: October 2014

Aiming at the current widespread present situation of that the design and manufacturing of the construction machinery will lead to many adverse effects on the environment and resources In the whole life cycle,We explored the method of the green design and manufacturing for the Construction machinery the selection of green materials and some green manufacturing technology These new technology are used to improve the resource utilization rate, lower costs, reduce environmental pollution, face with the challenges of the international green trade barriers and carry out the strategy of sustainable evelopment in the manufacturing.
Dynamic Simulation of Gear Meshing Force Based on ADAMS
Authors: Fu Hu Dai , Gao Jin Gang , Wang Shan Gang
Published: October 2014

It proposes a method for dynamic simulation of gear meshing force on the basis of dynamics analysis software ADAMS in the paper. Three dimensional solid model of parametric helical gear is built by using PRO/E. The data conversion between PRO/E and ADAMS has been realized. The parameters in contact force are confirmed based on the Hertz elastic impact theory. The gear meshing process has been simulated and analyzed by using mechanical system dynamic simulation software ADAMS. The change regulation of meshing force in the time-domain and frequency-domain has been researched under different speed conditions. It is proved that the meshing force of gears can be accurately simulated by using ADAMS. The simulation results of meshing force can provide basic data for the next gear strength analysis. It also can provide the reference for the analysis of gear dynamic optimization, fatigue and stiffness.
Application Situation and Development Strategies of Green Manufacturing in China's Automobile Industry
Authors: Li Peng Cheng , Zhang Hui Min
Published: October 2014

Green manufacturing has become a major trend in the 21st century manufacturing industry. Manufacturing is the main source of resource consumption and environmental pollution. Developed countries have researched green manufacturing for many years. In this paper, the application situation of green manufacturing in China automobile industry was studied. First, the application situation of green manufacturing in China auto industry was described from three aspects: green design, green processing and remanufacturing technology. Finally, the automobile industry development strategies of green manufacturing were discussed.
Influence of WC Content on Microstructure and Wear Resistance of (Cu-50Mo)-WC Composites
Authors: Cheng Xin Le , Tian Bao Hong
Published: October 2014

By using a SPS-30 spark plasma sintering pressing sintering furnace, the Cu-50Mo-WC composites were prepared with four different WC content by spark plasma sintering method (SPS). The wear behavior of the Cu-50Mo-WC composite pin against the QCr0. 5 bronze disc was examined on a pin-on-disc tribotester. The worn surface morphologies of the composite were observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The wear mechanism was investigated briefly.The results show that the WC particles improve the hardness and wear resistance of the composites. The main wear mechanism of the composites is of adhesive wear and abrasive wear. When addition of 1% WC content, the optimal comprehensive properties of the composite is obtained.
Stiffness and Damping Characteristics of a Wide Parabolic Film Slider Bearing Operating with Ferrofluids
Authors: Lin Jaw Ren
Published: October 2014

This paper investigates the dynamic characteristics of parabolic film slider bearing operating with ferrofluids. Comparing with the slider bearing of an inclined plane film, the parabolic film slider bearing operating with ferrofluids in the presence of external magnetic fields provide higher better dynamic stiffness and damping performances.
Mechanical Properties and Toughening Mechanisms of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Composite
Authors: Zhang Lv , Liu Wei Wei , Chen Yao
Published: October 2014

Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) reinforced with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) is fabricated through spark plasma sintering (SPS). Raman spectroscopy corroborated that MWCNTs survived the harsh sintering process. The MWCNT/YSZ composite exhibits ~ 34% improvement in fracture toughness as compared to YSZ. Grain refinement, MWCNT pullout and crack bridging are the major toughening mechanisms.
Skid-Resistance and Noise-Reducing Characteristics of Exposed-Aggregate Cement Concrete Pavement
Authors: Zhang Jiu Peng , Liu Guo Qiang , Wang Peng Zhi
Published: October 2014

EACCP is a new-type cement concrete pavement with better skid-resistance and less traffic noise. In this paper, skid-resistance and noise-reducing performance of EACCP are tested and analyzed by laboratory and outdoor tests. The results indicate that the relationship between BPN and EAD is followed the parabola variation laws. With the increase of EAD, TD decreases. And skid-resistance value exists the extremum. If BPN is targeted as skid-resistance optimization goal for pavement surface features, the optimized EAD is existed and approximately to 40~60. The relationship between BPN and TD is also followed the parabola variation laws which also suggests the existence of the optimized TD scope approximately to 0.8~1.0mm.The relationship between TD and EAD can be simulated by index variation laws. With the increase of EAD, TD decreases, which proves the evident noise-reducing performance of EACCP. And the reduction amplitude of noise increases with vehicular acceleration.
Palladium Nanoparticles Modified N-Type Epitaxial Silicon Electrode for Photocurrent Detection of Ascorbic Acid
Authors: Li Huai Xiang , Li Heng , Wu Qiong , Xia Wen Sha
Published: October 2014

In this work, about 100 nm palladium layer was coated on the front surface of n-type epitaxial silicon wafer by vacuum evaporating and etched electrochemically in 0.1 M HF-HCl solution to form palladium nanoparticle modifying n-silicon electrode. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the morphology and composition of the modified electrode surface. The modified electrode has been used to constitute a novel photo-electrochemical sensor for the detection of ascorbic acid (AA) with a two-electrode cell in absence of reference electrode by photocurrent measurement at a zero bias. The photocurrent determination of AA shows two linear dynamic responses over the concentration range of 2 μM–42 μM and 82 μM–642 μM with a detection limit of 2.0×10−6 M. Furthermore, this sensor demonstrated good stability, repeatability and selectivity remarkably.
Signal Processing of Fluorescent Optical Fiber Temperature Measurement Based on Hilbert-Huang Transform
Authors: Yang Ya Juan , Wang Zhi Yong , Yang Xiao Ping , Shao Yong Xin
Published: October 2014

The technology of fluorescent optical fiber temperature measurement has been used in many fields to accurately measure the variations of temperature, especially in some extreme environment, such as strong electromagnetic interference under, high voltage conditions. Wavelet analysis is the most frequent method used for signal processing in this technology. This method has excellent local characteristics and its precise of processing is high, whereas its result relies heavily on the selection of the wavelet basis, and has certain limitation. In this paper, a novel approach for fluorescent signal processing based on Hilbert-Huang transform is presented. A given signal is decomposed into a collection of intrinsic mode functions (IMF) by empirical mode decomposition, then Hilbert spectral analysis is performed for each of the IMF. According to the difference of signal and noise characteristics, HHT can generate adaptive modal functions and remove the noise from signal effectively, so that the signal to noise ratio can be improved. The result of experiment shows that HHT features convenient usage, fast processing and high resolution in time and frequency domains.
Research in an Original Si-Mn-Mo-Nb 800MPa Dual Phase Steel with Low Carbon
Authors: Wang Hui , Hu Kuan Hui , Lin Cheng Jiang , Pan Li Bo , Ye Zhong Chao
Published: October 2014

In this Paper an original 800MPa cold rolled dual phase steel with low carbon and high silicon as well as some amount of Mn had been investigated in lab. The study shows that the microstructures of the steel mainly consist of ferrite, along with martensite with the content of 20%~25% which distributes homogenously on the ferrite grain boundary. The grain size of the ferrite is homogenous and with the grade of 13-14. The characteristics of the microstructure results in the excellent mechanical properties of the steel with Rp0.2=485~515MPa,tensile strength Rm=795~805MPa,total elongation A80mm=18%~19.5%,and n=0.135-0.145.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties a New Iron-Base Material Used for the Fabrication of Sintered Diamond Tools
Authors: Borowiecka-Jamrozek Joanna , Konstanty Janusz
Published: October 2014

The main objective of the present work is to characterise the microstructure and mechanical properties of a new iron-base material which has been recently gaining ground in the manufacture of diamond impregnated tools as an economical substitute for cobalt and cobalt alloys. Its density, hardness and yield test properties have been directly compared to those of hot pressed Cobalt Extra Fine (CoEF) powder. It has been shown that the raw iron-663 bronze powder mix can be consolidated to a virtually pore-free condition by hot pressing at 880°C. Although the as-consolidated material is inferior to cobalt, it displays a favourable combination of hardness, yield strength and ductility, and seems to have a great potential for moderate and general purpose applications.
Preparation and Applications of the Expandable Graphite Catalyst with Hierarchically Porous Structure in the Aldol Condensation
Authors: Wu Xue Yan , Yao Kai , An Zhen Tao , Li Ji Hui
Published: October 2014

The expandable graphite catalyst with hierarchically porous structure was prepared by chemical oxidation. The catalyst samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, N2 adsorption-desorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV spectroscopy. The results indicated that the expandable graphite is hierarchically porous structure catalyst. The concentrated sulphuric acid and the acetic acid had been inserted into the hierarchically pores. As the volume of the expandable graphite expanded, the amount of mixed acid in the hierarchically pores increased,as well as the acid catalytic centre increased. It can be concluded that the catalytic activity increase. The aldol condensation showed the expandable graphite with hierarchically porous structure has excellent catalytic activity and reusability. The reaction conditions were moderate and pollutions had not been found.
Preparation of a Novel Cation Exchange Resin PSSS-g-CD301 and its Adsorption Properties towards Metal Ion
Authors: Ping Wei Guang , Hu Tuo Ping , Gao Jian Feng , Chen Xi , Zhou Wen Xia
Published: October 2014

Resin D301 was surface-carbonized to obtain the surface charring materials (CD301). Using redox initiating system constituted by the amino groups of CD301 particles and persulfate in the solution, the poly (sodium styrene sulfonate) (PSSS) was grafted onto the surface of CD301, obtaining the grafted material PSSS-g-CD301, and the degree of grafting can reach 17.7% under suitable conditions. PSSS-g-CD301 was characterized by infrared spectrum (FTIR), and the degree of grafting was measured by gravimetric method. The adsorption character of PSSS-g-CD301 towards Al3+, Fe3+and Cu2+were mainly examined and investigated. PSSS-g-CD301 possesses strong adsorption ability towards Al3+, Fe3+and Cu2+. The adsorption capacity can get up to 13.285mg·g-1, 14.864mg·g-1, and 15.10mg·g-1, respectively. The data of isothermal adsorption matched well with Langmuir equation. The adsorption capacity increased with the increase of temperature and the value of pH. The adsorption capacity of PSSS-g-CD301 towards Fe3+changed little after use them six times.
Development of Structural Concrete with Fly Ash
Authors: Hela Rudolf , Ťažký Martin
Published: October 2014

The paper describes problems of using fly ash in concrete. Using fly ash produced during high temperature combustion in power plants as addition for concrete has been known since the 60s of the past century. The Standard EN 206 Concrete - Specification, performance, production and conformity characterizes high temperature combustion fly ash as an addition of the type II, i.e. active addition with pozzolanic properties. Use of fly ash as an active addition also enables partial replacement of cement. The paper solves the extent of cement which can be replaced with fly ash in this manner. Influence of addition of fly ash on consistency of concrete, development of compressive strength and elasticity modulus at the age of 7, 28, 60 and 90 days of concrete are observed.
Application of Satellite Remote Sensing Techniques to Quantify Terminus and Ice Mélange Behavior at Helheim Glacier, East Greenland
Authors: Foga Steve , Stearns Leigh A. , van der Veen C.J.
Published: October 2014

AbstractIceberg calving is an efficient mechanism for ice mass loss, and rapidly calving glaciers are often considered to be inherently unstable. However, the physical controls on calving are not well understood. Recent studies hypothesize that the presence of a rigid ice mélange (composed of icebergs, bergy bits, and sea ice) can reduce iceberg calving by providing “backstress” to the terminus. To test this hypothesis we use remote sensing techniques to construct a time series model of calving rate and size and composition of the adjacent ice mélange. We describe a semi-automated routine for expediting the digitization process and illustrate the methods for Helheim Glacier, East Greenland, using 2008 data. Ice velocities of the glacier terminus and ice mélange are derived with feature-tracking software applied to radar imagery, which is successfully tracked year-round. Object-based image analysis (OBIA) is used to inventory icebergs and sea ice within the ice mélange. We find that the model successfully identifies the calving rate and ice mélange response trends associated with seasonal increases in terminus retreat and advance and shows seasonal trends of ice mélange potentially providing seasonal backstress on the glacier terminus.
Origins of γδ T Cell Effector Subsets: A Riddle Wrapped in an Enigma
Authors: Fahl Shawn P. , Coffey Francis , Wiest David L.
Published: October 2014

αβ and γδ T cells are thought to arise from a common precursor in the thymus but play distinct roles in pathogen resistance. Although conventional αβ T cells exit the thymus in a naive state and acquire effector function in the periphery, the effector fate of many γδ T cells is specified in the thymus and exhibits limited plasticity thereafter. This review describes the current models that have been proposed to explain the acquisition of effector fate by γδ T cells, as well as the apparent linkage to Vγ gene usage. The two predominant models are the predetermination model, which suggests that effector fate is determined prior to TCR expression, perhaps in association with the developmental timing of Vγ rearrangement, and the TCR-dependence model, which proposes that the nature of the TCR signal, particularly its intensity or duration, plays an important role in influencing effector fate.
Eurasian badger (meles meles) habitat and sett site selection in the northern Apennines
Authors: Biancardi Carlo M. , Rigo Valentina , Azzolini Sonia , Gnoli Claudio
Published: October 2014

The principal aim of this research was to study coarsescale habitat selection and distribution of main setts of the Eurasian badger (Meles meles L., 1758). The study area extends for 161 Km2 in the hilly territory of southern Lombardy (Italy). The positions of 23 main setts (SP) and 28 random points (RP) were mapped into a GIS. For each point, several environmental characteristics were measured in the field or taken from thematic digital maps. A statistical comparison of the distribution of these characteristics in a circular area (radius 300 m) around each point was carried out. Eurasian badger setts were primarily dug in sheltered places, with high tree cover. The Manly selection index pointed to a strong selection for deciduous woods. Southern slope orientation and the presence of chestnut trees, a potentially important resource for badgers in this area, were also preferred. Similar to other studies, geological and lithological characters and the distance from water did not appear to influence den use. However, the substratum of the study area was mainly formed with sedimentary rocks, loam rocks and sandstones, with also easy-to-dig alluvial soils. Water is a resource easily available over the whole territory, with a well-branched network of rivers and streams. The road network and the presence of urban or industrial infrastructures seem to be a real factor of danger and disturbance, as one of the leading causes of mortality for badgers are road casualties. Our results suggest that badgers of this region are more selective for the sett site than for food resources.
Diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in patients with schizophrenia, before and after antipsychotic treatment
Authors: Wani Rayees Ahmad , Dar Mansoor Ahmad , Margoob Mushtaq Ahmad , Rather Yasir Hassan , Haq Inaamul , Shah Majid Shafi
Published: October 2014

Background: Treatment with antipsychotics increases the risk of developing diabetes in patients of schizophrenia but this diabetogenic potential of different antipsychotics seems to be different. Moreover, there may be an independent link between schizophrenia and diabetes. So we plan to study the prevalence of glucose dysregulation in patients of schizophrenia before and after treatment with various antipsychotics. Materials and Methods: Fifty patients (32 males and 18 females) diagnosed with schizophrenia were evaluated for glucose dysregulation using oral glucose tolerance test, initially (drug naive) and after antipsychotic treatment. Age- and sex-matched healthy volunteer group of 50 subjects (35 males and 15 females) was taken for comparison. Results were interpreted using American Diabetic Association criteria. Results: Though the glycemic status of the patient group was comparable with healthy controls initially but antipsychotic treatment was associated with glucose dysregulation. For first 6 weeks the antipsychotic (olanzapine, risperidone, haloperidol and aripiprazole)-induced glucose dysregulation was comparable, which was seen to be maximum with the olanzapine-treated group at the end of this study, 14 weeks. Conclusion: We conclude that antipsychotic treatment of nondiabetic drug naive schizophrenia patients was associated with adverse effects on glucose regulation. For initial 6 weeks the antipsychotic-induced glucose dysregulation was comparable, which was seen to be maximum with olanzapine at the end of study, i.e. 14 weeks. Keeping this at the back of mind we can stabilize a patient initially with a more effective drug, olanzapine, and later on shift to one with less metabolic side effects.
Psychiatric aspects of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Grover Sandeep , Somaiya Mansi , Kumar Santhosh , Avasthi Ajit
Published: October 2014

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is essentially characterized by the motor symptoms in the form of resting tremor, rigidity and bradykinesia. However, over the years it has been recognized that motor symptoms are just the “tip of the iceberg” of clinical manifestations of PD. Besides motor symptoms, PD characterized by many non-motor symptoms, which include cognitive decline, psychiatric disturbances (depression, psychosis and impulse control), sleep difficulties, autonomic failures (gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, urinary, thermoregulation) and pain syndrome. This review evaluates the various aspects of psychiatric disorders including cognitive decline and sleep disturbances in patients with PD. The prevalence rate of various psychiatric disorders is high in patients with PD. In terms of risk factors, various demographic, clinical and treatment-related variables have been shown to be associated with higher risk of development of psychiatric morbidity. Evidence also suggests that the presence of psychiatric morbidity is associated with poorer outcome. Randomized controlled trials, evaluating the various pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for management of psychiatric morbidity in patients with PD are meager. Available evidence suggests that tricyclic antidepressants like desipramine and nortriptyline are efficacious for management of depression. Among the antipsychotics, clozapine is considered to be the best choice for management of psychosis in patients with PD. Among the various cognitive enhancers, evidence suggest efficacy of rivastigmine in management of dementia in patients with PD. To conclude, this review suggests that psychiatric morbidity is highly prevalent in patients with PD. Hence, a multidisciplinary approach must be followed to improve the overall outcome of PD. Further studies are required to evaluate the efficacy of various other measures for management of psychiatric morbidity in patients with PD.
Orbital extension of trigeminal schwannoma
Authors: Ghosh Shantanu , Das Debabrata , Varshney Rahul , Nandy Sumit
Published: October 2014

Schwannomas, also known as neurilemmomas, are benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Trigeminal schwannomas are rare intracranial tumors. Here, we report a 35-year-old female presenting with an axial proptosis of right eyeball with right-sided III, IV and VI cranial nerve palsy. Her best corrected visual acuity in the right eye was perception of light absent and in the left eye was 20/20. MRI scan revealed a large right-sided heterogeneous, extra-axial middle cranial fossa mass that extended to the intraconal space of right orbit. A diagnosis of intracranial trigeminal nerve schwannoma with right orbital extension was made. Successful surgical excision of the mass with preservation of the surrounding tissues and orbital exenteration was done. Post-operative period was uneventful.
Comparative Study on Sequence–Structure–Function Relationship of the Human Short-chain Dehydrogenases/Reductases Protein Family
Authors: Tang Nu Thi Ngoc , Le Ly
Published: October 2014

Human short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDRs) protein family has been the subject of recent studies for its critical role in human metabolism. Studies also found that single nucleotide polymorphisms of the SDR protein family were responsible for a variety of genetic diseases, including type II diabetes. This study reports the effect of sequence variation on the structural and functional integrities of human SDR protein family using phylogenetics and correlated mutation analysis tools. Our results indicated that (i) tyrosine, serine, and lysine are signature protein residues that have direct contribution to the structural and functional stabilities of the SDR protein family, (ii) subgroups of SDR protein family have their own signature protein combination that represent their unique functionality, and (iii) mutations of the human SDR protein family showed high correlation in terms of evolutionary history. In combination, the results inferred that over evolutionary history, the SDR protein family was able to diverge itself in order to adapt with the changes in human nutritional demands. Our study reveals understanding of structural and functional scaffolds of specific SDR subgroups that may facilitate the design of specific inhibitor.
Characterization of primary and secondary wood combustion products generated under different burner loads
Authors: Bruns E. A. , Krapf M. , Orasche J. , Huang Y. , Zimmermann R. , Drinovec L. , Močnik G. , El-Haddad I. , Slowik J. G. , Dommen J. , Baltensperger U. , Prévôt A. S. H.
Published: October 2014

Abstract. Residential wood burning contributes significantly to the total atmospheric aerosol burden; however, large uncertainties remain in the magnitude and characteristics of wood burning products. Primary emissions are influenced by a variety of parameters, including appliance type, burner wood load and wood type. In addition to directly emitted particles, previous laboratory studies have shown that oxidation of gas phase emissions produces compounds with sufficiently low volatility to readily partition to the particles, forming significant quantities of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). However, relatively little is known about wood burning SOA and the effects of burn parameters on SOA formation and composition are yet to be determined. There is clearly a need for further study of primary and secondary wood combustion aerosols to advance our knowledge of atmospheric aerosols and their impacts on health, air quality and climate. For the first time, smog chamber experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of wood loading on both primary and secondary wood combustion products. Products were characterized using a range of particle and gas phase instrumentation, including an aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS). A novel approach for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) quantification from AMS data was developed and results were compared to those from GC-MS analysis of filter samples. Similar total particle mass emission factors were observed under high and average wood loadings, however, high fuel loadings were found to generate significantly higher contributions of PAHs to the total organic aerosol (OA) mass compared to average loadings. PAHs contributed 15 ± 4% (mean ± 2 sample standard deviations) to the total OA mass in high load experiments, compared to 4 ± 1% in average load experiments. With aging, total OA concentrations increased by a factor of 3 ± 1 for high load experiments compared to 1.6 ± 0.4 for average load experiments. In the AMS, an increase in PAH and aromatic signature ions at lower m/z values, likely fragments from larger functionalized PAHs, was observed with aging. Filter samples also showed an increase in functionalized PAHs in the particles with aging, particularly oxidized naphthalene species. As PAHs and their oxidation products are known to have deleterious effects on health, this is a significant finding to aid in the mitigation of negative wood burning impacts by improving burner operation protocols.
Identifying fire plumes in the Arctic with tropospheric FTIR measurements and transport models
Authors: Viatte C. , Strong K. , Hannigan J. , Nussbaumer E. , Emmons L. , Conway S. , Paton-Walsh C. , Hartley J. , Benmergui J. , Lin J.
Published: October 2014

Abstract. We investigate Arctic tropospheric composition using ground-based Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) solar absorption spectra, recorded at the Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory (PEARL, Eureka, Nunavut, Canada, 80°5' N, 86°42' W) and at Thule (Greenland, 76°53' N, −68°74' W) from 2008 to 2012. The target species: carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), ethane (C2H6), acetylene (C2H2), formic acid (HCOOH), and formaldehyde (H2CO) are emitted by biomass burning and can be transported from mid-latitudes to the Arctic. By detecting simultaneous enhancements of three biomass burning tracers (HCN, CO, and C2H6), ten and eight fire events are identified at Eureka and Thule, respectively, within the five-year FTIR timeseries. Analyses of Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model (HYSPLIT) back-trajectories coupled with Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) fire hot spot data, Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport model (STILT) footprints, and Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) UV aerosol index maps are used to attribute burning source regions and travel time durations of the plumes. By taking into account the effect of aging of the smoke plumes, measured FTIR enhancement ratios were corrected to obtain emission ratios and equivalent emission factors. The means of emission factors for extratropical forest estimated with the two FTIR datasets are 0.39 ± 0.15 g kg−1 for HCN, 1.23 ± 0.49 g kg−1 for C2H6, 0.34 ± 0.16 g kg−1 for C2H2, 2.13 ± 0.92 g kg−1 for HCOOH, and 3.14 ± 1.28 g kg−1 for CH3OH. To improve our knowledge concerning the dynamical and chemical processes associated with Arctic pollution from fires, the two sets of FTIR measurements were compared to the Model for Ozone and Related chemical Tracers, version 4 (MOZART-4). Seasonal cycles and day-to-day variabilities were compared to assess the ability of the model to reproduce emissions from fires and their transport. Good agreement in winter confirms that transport is well implemented in the model. For C2H6, however, the lower wintertime concentration estimated by the model as compared to the FTIR observations highlight an underestimation of its emission. Results show that modelled and measured total columns are correlated (linear correlation coefficient r > 0.6 for all gases except for H2CO at Eureka and HCOOH at Thule), but suggest a~general underestimation of the concentrations in the model for all seven tropospheric species in the high Arctic.