bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
De novo Design of Near Infrared Fluorescent Proteins
Authors: Baker David , Xu Chunfu , Liu Yulai , Arús Bernardo , Mishra Kanuj , Luciano Michael , Bandi Venu , Kumar Akaash , Guo Ziyu , Bick Matthew , Xu Miaomiao , Zhang Kun , Lingg Jakob , Bae Jessica , Kang Alex , Gerben Stacey , Bera Asim , Vaughan Joshua , Manton James , Derivery Emmanuel , Schnermann Martin , Stiel Andre , Bruns Oliver , Guan Yun
Published: July 2024

Fluorescent proteins have revolutionized the field of molecular imaging, enabling the visualization of diverse biological processes. Biological imaging in the near-infrared (NIR, 800-1000 nm) and shortwave infrared (SWIR, 1000-2000 nm) ranges confers a number of photophysical advantages, but remains a challenge in practice due to the dearth of suitable fluorescent proteins for these optical windows. To address this limitation, we sought to develop a general approach integrating computational protein design with organic synthesis for creating long-wavelength fluorescent proteins from scratch. We used this approach to design a new class of proteins that specifically bind to synthetic merocyanine dyes, forming Schiff base covalent linkages, which when protonated activate fluorescence with large redshifts in both excitation and emission wavelengths. Our de novo designed far-red fluorescent protein MC7BP34 exhibited a brightness greater than that of existing protein probes in a similar wavelength range. The de novo designed NIR fluorescent protein MC9BP81 with excitation at 892 nm and emission extending into the SWIR range demonstrated higher contrast and imaging sensitivity in vivo than the previously developed iRFP720 (excitation 672 nm) owing to the reduced tissue autofluorescence at longer wavelengths. Our results are a substantial step towards genetically encodable probes in the SWIR region, and our approach lays the groundwork for the development of NIR biosensors for specific biological applications.
High-Frequency Radar observation of strong and contrasted currents: the Alderney race paradigm
Authors: Dumas Dylan , Bennis Anne-Claire , Guérin Charles-Antoine , Lopez Guiomar , Benoit Laurent
Published: July 2024

The Alderney Race has been identified as a future site for the development of tidal energy, due to its bidirectional strong current reaching 5 m/s during spring tides. This hydrodynamics is very difficult to measure by in-situ or remote sensing means. High-frequency coastal radars can provide a synoptic and near-real-time view of such a complex circulation, but the classical processing algorithms are not adapted to the extreme situation of strongly sheared currents. We propose an improved high-resolution direction-finding technique for the azimuthal processing of such radar data. It uses phased-array systems and combines the advantages of the usual beam-forming technique to eliminate many problems related to the distortion of Doppler spectra by extreme currents. The method is evaluated with a unique data set of radar measurements at two radar frequencies (13 and 24.5MHz) and three spatial resolutions (200, 750, and 1500 m). The radar-based surface currents are analyzed in the light of a high-resolution numerical model and also compared with in-situ measurements. While high azimuthal resolution can be achieved in this way, it is shown that the typical range resolutions of 750 and 1500 m are insufficient to account for the strong spatial variations of the surface current at some specific times and locations.
Integrating multi-hazard, socio-physical information in a holistic index for decision making on disaster risk reduction
Authors: Tocchi Gabriella , Cremen Gemma , Galasso Carmine , Polese Maria
Published: July 2024

Effective disaster-risk management requires holistic risk-modelling approaches, which: (1) capture the effects of multiple (natural) hazards on the system/community of interest; and (2) account for social vulnerability factors that influence how different sectors within the community experience, respond to and cope with these effects. We propose a straightforward multi-risk index that integrates both of these crucial considerations. The index represents a combination of indicators for individual risks of interest. It appropriately accounts for uncertainties in the underlying dimensions of risk, relying on probabilistic distributions of hazard, physical and social vulnerability, and population exposure information. Furthermore, these dimensions are weighted in the index calculation to explicitly reflect variable stakeholder priorities on associated matters (e.g., policymaking). We demonstrate the index for earthquake and flood risk across the entire country of Italy (at the resolution of municipalities), using easily accessible open data. The proposed index identifies hotspots across the country that should be prioritised for disaster risk reduction actions. Sensitivity analyses of the applied weights reveal how these hotspots can change as a function of stakeholder preferences and/or variations in the emphasis placed on different types of hazards, ultimately underlining the importance of accounting for accurate stakeholder feedback and adopting a multi-layered view of risk in disaster-related decision making. A prominent advantage of the proposed index is that it is relatively simple and could be easily adopted for practical multi-risk decision support across any other national or transnational context of interest.
Automatic Generation of a Fault Database in Electrical Power Distribution Networks Using ATPDraw/ATP
Authors: Abreu Francisco C. M. , Machado Vinícius P. , Aumeida Aryfrance R. , Rabêlo Ricardo de A. L. , Filho José C. C. L. Silva
Published: July 2024

Fault location in electric power distribution networks is essential to improve the continuity and quality of the power supply. Among the fault location methods, those based on artificial intelligence are less sensitive to noise in the input data and considerably more accurate compared to other methods. However, these methods require a substantial amount of training data. Thus, this study proposes a method to automatically generate a fault database for faults in electric power distribution networks using ATPDraw/ATP software and the Python programming language. The IEEE34 bus system was used to validate the proposed method, resulting in a fault database, made available to the scientific community, with 6700 files containing different types of faults, incidence angles, and fault resistances.
Molecular dynamics insight of interaction between Artemisinin and its derivatives and the cancer cell membrane
Authors: Boroomand Samaneh , Mohammad-Aghaie Delara , Mohammadpour Fatemeh
Published: July 2024

In the present study, the molecular dynamics simulation approach has been utilized to investigate the effectiveness of four molecules, including Artemisinin, a natural product, and its derivatives Dihydroartemisinin, Artesunate, and Artemisone, on a cancer cell membrane model. Performed simulations predicted that Dihydroartemisinin and Artemisone form stronger hydrogen bonds with the cancer membrane, exhibit higher mobility, and have a longer lifetime at the water-membrane interface. Artemisone molecules could penetrate to the hydrophobic part of the lipid’s tail which led to higher fluidity of the cancer membrane. These two compounds were able to exert the greatest effect and change on the properties and characteristics of the membrane model while showing stronger anti-cancer effects than the other two compounds. The simulation outcomes and predictions were found to agree with the results of experimental studies. There is a noticeable difference in the way Dihydroartemisinin and Artemisone enter the cancer membrane compared to Artemisinin and Artesunate. The former two enter from the functional group side into the cancer membrane while the latter two pass into it from the peroxide ring side.
Environmental impact of petroleum pipelines on vegetation using LANDSAT 8 within Warri and environs, Southern Nigeria
Authors: ENUNEKU Alex , OKOH Anthony , AIGBOGHO Uwadea Gracious , EHINLAIYE Oziofu Ayamezimi
Published: July 2024

Nigeria is one of the largest oil producers in Africa, with a significant network of pipelines that transport crude oil and natural gas from extraction sites to refineries and export terminals. While pipelines are critical for the country's economy, they also have significant environmental impacts, both during construction and operation. This study was aimed at conducting an environmental impact of petroleum pipelines on vegetation using Landsat 8 within Warri and Environs, Southern Nigeria. The study area (latitude N5o14’23.9” to 6o3’3.6” and longitude E6o11’42.3” to E6o15’53.5”) covers pipeline route in and around Warri and environs. The pipeline runs west from Warri toward Ajudaibo, close to Escravos, southeast from Warri through Uzere, Ayagha among others and northwards through Okuabude, Ovade, Aragba Okpe, among others. The pipelines form a network of routes weaving through land use predominantly made up of vegetative forest, farmland, waterways and urban area. The pipelines are used to convey oil and gas to power stations, refineries, domestic outlets, export terminals, etc. Google Earth Engine (GEE) was used to access Landsat 8 data and generate Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) maps. After selecting Landsat 8 data set imagery, it was filtered using the date range − 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021 and 2022. Results showed that NDVI values throughout the study ranged between − 0.56484 in 2017 to 0.83643 in 2017. NDVI value along the pipeline route ranged between − 0.29 in 2020 and 0.808 in 2017.Stressed vegetation was highest 2018 with coverage at 78.06 percent while no coverage was recorded for very healthy vegetation in 2015, 2018 and 2022.Stressed vegetation was occupied by 93.71% of the pipeline route in 2018 while dead plants occupy about 1.08 percent in 2017. Pipeline route occupied by dead plant has been constant between 2015 and 2022 with a slight rise in 2022. Decline in vegetation health along the pipeline route was observed in 2018, resulting in 829,152 hectares of land subjected to stress from pipeline hazard. Also, vegetative recovery started in 2019 and continued to 2021 especially as there was no pipeline accident reported. This study has provided information on the impact on pipelines on surrounding vegetation. Therefore, there is need for continuous monitoring of pipelines to forestall incidences of leakages and sustenance of vegetative growth.
Role of transforming growth factor-β1 in regulating adipocyte progenitors
Authors: Phuong Nguyen Quynh , Bilal Muhammad , Nawaz Allah , Anh Le Duc , Memoona Memoona , Aslam Muhammad Rahil , Khalid Sana , Kado Tomonobu , Watanabe Yoshiyuki , Nishimura Ayumi , Igarashi Yoshiko , Okabe Keisuke , Hirabayashi Kenichi , Yamamoto Seiji , Nakagawa Takashi , Mori Hisashi , Usui Isao , Fujisaka Shiho , Hayashi Ryuji , Tobe Kazuyuki
Published: July 2024

Adipose tissue (AT) metabolism involves coordinating various cells and cellular processes to regulate energy storage, release, and overall metabolic homeostasis. Therein, macrophage and its cytokine are important in controlling tissue homeostasis. Among cytokines, the role of transforming growth factor-β1 (Tgf-β1), a cytokine abundantly expressed in CD206+ M2 macrophage and correlated with the expansion of AT and fibrosis, in AT metabolism remains unknown. We used CD206CreERT2; Tgf-β1f/f mouse model in which the Tgf-β1 gene was conditionally deleted in CD206+ M2 macrophages followed by tamoxifen administration, to investigate the role of the Tgf-β1 gene in glucose and insulin metabolism. Our data demonstrated that lack of CD206+ M2 macrophages derived Tgf-β1 gene improved glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity by enhancing adipogenesis via hyperplasia expansion. The Tgf-β1 gene, specifically from CD206+ M2 macrophages, deletion stimulated APs’ proliferation and differentiation, leading to the generation of smaller mature adipocytes, therefore maintaining insulin sensitivity and improving glucose metabolism under normal chow conditions. Our study brings a new perspective that Tgf-β1 gene deletion specific from CD206+ M2 macrophage promotes adipocyte hyperplasia, improving glucose homeostasis. Thus, deletion of the Tgf-β1 gene derived from CD206+ M2 macrophage might be a potential strategy for preventing obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Probiotic enrichment of copepod (Acanthocyclops sp.) towards improving fish survival, nutritional content, optimal growth and sustainability
Authors: Husain Fazal
Published: July 2024

The article illustrates a thorough examination of the importance of live feed culture in aquaculture, especially in nurseries. Live feed is essential for aquaculture's sustainable development and ensuring a steady supply of fry and fingerlings. After being washed in sterilized water, copepods were bio-enriched with probiotic bacterial isolates (KAF061, 124, & 135) and commercial probiotics. A phase-contrast microscopic analysis confirmed the bioenrichment of copepods. We assessed the nutritional composition of the live feed culture using proximate analysis, revealing a greater protein content in microalgae, copepods, rotifers, and artemia compared to commercial fish feed. Based on these findings, the probiotic-rich live feed culture has a lot of potential for improving the nutritional content of fish, mollusks, and crustaceans that are still larvae. This could lead to better growth and survival rates for fry and fingerlings. These findings have significant implications for long-term aquaculture practices in developing low-cost and ecologically acceptable live feed alternatives for growth and survival.
Landscape Effects on the Gut Microbiome of Apis mellifera Bees: A Comparative Study between Atlantic Forest and Caatinga Biomes
Authors: Soares Kilmer Oliveira , Rocha Thamara Ferreira Da , Hale Vanessa L. , Vasconcelos Priscylla Carvalho , Nascimento Letícia José Do , Silva Núbia Michelle Vieira Da , Rodrigues Adriana Evangelista , De Oliveira Celso José Bruno
Published: July 2024

The composition of the intestinal microbiota of animals can be influenced by a variety of intrinsic and extrinsic factors to the host, such as diet, physiological state, and genetics. This study aimed to characterize the differences in the intestinal microbiota of Apis mellifera bees from two distinct biomes, the Atlantic Forest and the Caatinga, utilizing metataxonomy. High-performance sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA microbial gene was conducted, followed by comprehensive data processing. A higher differential abundance of the genus Apibacter was observed in bees from the Atlantic Forest biome. Previous studies have indicated that bees exposed to different types of landscapes exhibit significant differences in their gut microbial communities. However, it is noteworthy that the variance attributable to landscape type, while significant, is relatively low. This study contributes to the understanding of how environmental factors can influence the microbiota of bees in different biomes.
Traditional Dai Ethnic Residential Architecture Classification Based on Inception V3 Model
Authors: Gao Yang , Zhong Lihui , Zhou Jingfan , Wu Hongquan , Liu Xincen
Published: July 2024

The accurate classification of traditional Dai ethnic residential architectures is beneficial for the elucidation of the laws of homologous differentiation of Dai ethnic groups, and is of great significance for further research on the landscape division of Dai ethnic traditional settlements. However, at present, Nevertheless, the creation of a dataset of traditional Dai ethnic residential architectures has yet to be undertaken, and no literature on the deep learning algorithm for the classification of these structures could be retrieved. To address this gap in the existing literature , this paper presents a collection of image data on traditional Dai ethnic residential archi-tectures in the Pu'er region of Yunnan Province, China. The data was collected through field research. The original data have been subjected to cleansing procedures in order to construct a da-taset comprising five distinct types of traditional Dai ethnic residential architectures. The five types of traditional Dai ethnic residential architecture are as follows: 'fence-standing with square roof', 'fence-standing with rectangular roof', 'courtyard-standing with double-eaved sloped roof', 'courtyard-standing with single-eaved sloped roof', and 'traditional earthen flat-roof house'. Following the data enhancement, the Inception V3 network model was employed for classification. The model demonstrated superior performance, achieving a classification accuracy of 93.41%, which surpassed the accuracy, recall, and loss rate of ResNet50 (Residual Network 50, ResNet50) and AlexNet(Alex Krizhevsky Network, AlexNet). This artificial intelligence classification method offers an efficient and intelligent method for elucidating the genetic characteristics and landscape differences of different types of Dai ethnic traditional residential architectures. This approach facilitates the transition from manual to intelligent genealogical study of traditional residential architectures.
Crucial Aspects for Maintaining rAAV Stability
Authors: Lengler Johannes , Gavrila Miruna , Brandis Janina , Palavra Kristina , Dieringer Felix , Unterthurner Sabine , Fuchsberger Felix , Kraus Barbara , Bort Juan A. Hernandez
Published: July 2024

Background
The storage of rAAV vectors for gene therapy applications is critical for ensuring a constant product quality and defined amount of medication at the time of administration. Therefore, we determined the influence of different storage conditions on the physicochemical and biological properties of rAAV8 and rAAV9 preparations. Particular attention was paid to short-term storage, which plays a crucial role in both the manufacturing process and in clinical applications. Additionally, we addressed the question, of viability of rAAV8 and rAAV9 when subjected to very low-temperature storage conditions (< -65°C) or lyophilization. To determine the impact on rAAV vectors, various analyses were used, including the quantification of capsid and genome titers, as well as biopotency assessments, which are pivotal determinants in characterizing vector behavior and efficacy.
Results
Our data showed that freeze/thaw cycles hardly affected the functionality of rAAV9-aGAL vectors. In contrast, prolonged storage at room temperature for several days, resulted in a discernible decrease in biopotency despite consistent capsid and genome titers. When the storage temperature was further increased, the rAAV8-aGAL decay accelerated. For example, a short-term exposure of + 40°C and more, led to a reduction in the physical viral titer and to an even faster decline in efficacy determined by biopotency. However, the addition of sucrose and sorbitol to the rAAV9-aGAL and rAAV9-GAA preparations reduced the temperature sensitivity of rAAV and improved its stability. Furthermore, exposure of rAAV9-aGAL to highly acidic conditions (pH 2.5) dramatically reduced its biopotency by 70% or more. Most interestingly, a long-term storage of rAAV9-aGAL and rAAV8-FVIII vectors over 12 months and 36 months, respectively, demonstrated exceptional stability at storage temperatures below − 65°C. Also lyophilization conserved functionality for at least 10 months.
Conclusions
Our data showed how to maintain rAAV biopotency levels over the time without substantial loss. Storage at very low temperatures (< -65°C) preserved its effectiveness over years. Overall, pH and temperature conditions during the manufacturing process, storage and clinical application are worth considering. Consistency in the rAAV capsid titer determination did not necessarily indicate the preservation of biopotency. In conclusion, our approach determined several options for maximizing rAAV stability.
A Comprehensive Ma-Mi-P Framework for Analyzing Factors Influencing the Development of New Energy Vehicles in China
Authors: Guo Jiacheng , Zhong Han
Published: July 2024

The Chinese new energy vehicle (NEV) industry currently holds significant development potential, attracting more participants. Studying the factors influencing the development of NEVs can provide valuable guidance for existing automotive companies and future entrants, helping to inform their development and improvement strategies. Building on existing research, this paper proposes a Ma-Mi-P framework for analyzing the factors influencing the development of new energy vehicles for the first time. The framework is divided into three levels: Ma (macro-level), Mi (micro-level), and P (personal-level). At the macro-level, the Boruta feature selection algorithm is employed to evaluate the importance of eight indicators: the number of charging stations, gasoline consumption, national disposable income, consumer spending levels, industrial GDP, gasoline benchmark price, material production, and government subsidies. At the micro-level, the random forest algorithm ranks indicators within product performance and brand image modules. At the personal-level, we collect behavioral event information of entrepreneurs and conduct an MBTI personality analysis using fuzzy set qualitative analysis. The study concludes that government subsidies, material production, and the number of charging stations are the most crucial factors at the macro-level. At the micro-level, consumer satisfaction and brand recognition are the key determinants influencing the development of new energy vehicles. Additionally, entrepreneurs with an ENFJ personality have a significantly positive impact on new energy vehicle companies. The proposed Ma-Mi-P framework provides a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the various factors influencing the development of new energy vehicles, addressing the gaps in existing theoretical research. The findings can also offer valuable guidance for current new energy vehicle companies and future industry entrants.
Corrinoid-dependent ethyl-transfer catalyzed by the methanol:coenzyme M methyl transferase from Methanosarcina acetivorans
Authors: Somvanshi Tejas , Bao Jichen , Scheller Silvan
Published: July 2024

Corrinoid-dependent methyltransferases catalyze methyl-group transfer reactions in all domains of life. These enzymes are generally considered exclusive for C1-substrates (methyl-groups). However, in Methanosarcina trace ethane production from ethanol has been demonstrated in vivo, which led to the hypothesis that corrinoid-dependent methanol specific methyltransferases are promiscuous towards also accepting ethyl-groups. Here we show that the conversion of ethanol to trace amounts of ethane in Methanosarcina acetivorans proceeds via the known methanol-to-methane metabolism, involving the methanol:5-hydroxybenzimidazolylcobamide methyltransferase (MtaB) and a corrinoid-containing methyl-accepting protein (MtaC), but via transfer of ethyl groups instead of methyl groups. We demonstrate that all three isozymes of the methanol specific MtaB subunit and the corrinoid protein MtaC of M. acetivorans are promiscuous towards accepting ethanol, granting the microbe capacity of ethane production via promiscuity downstream in Co-methyl-5-hydroxybenzimidazolylcobamide:2-mercaptoethanesulfonate methyltransferase (MtaA) and methyl-coenzyme M reductase (Mcr). We assessed the ethyl-group transfer efficiency of each of the three isozymes and engineered chimeras that combine 2 different MtaA subunits with the 3 isoforms of MtaCB together to increase the ethane production capability of M. acetivorans. Demonstrating that corrinoid-dependent coenzyme M methyltransferases can catalyze transfer of higher alkyl groups extends the pool of reactions to be considered in metabolic networks.
Spatial Profiling Reveals Distinct Immune Microenvironment Specific to Premenopausal Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Nimbalkar Vidya P. , Snijesh V.P. , Rajarajan Savitha , Anupama C.E. , Mahalakshmi S , Alexander Annie , Dechamma Deshica , Moorthy Manju , Ramaswamy Gopalakrishna , Ramesh Rakesh , Sri B.S. , Prabhu Jyothi S.
Published: July 2024

Background
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by a lack of targeted therapies, leading to poor prognosis. Premenopausal TNBC often has different clinical outcomes compared to postmenopausal patients, influenced by their hormonal milieu and its impact on the tumor microenvironment (TME). This study used Digital Spatial Profiling (DSP) to explore these differences comprehensively.
Methods
We analyzed 11 treatment-naive TNBC tumors (premenopausal, n=5; postmenopausal, n=6) with long-term follow-up, using DSP with the NanoString GeoMx Cancer Transcriptomics Atlas (CTA) panel (1812 genes). Tumor and non-tumor areas were selectively analyzed to generate the transcriptomic data, followed by pathway analysis and TME assessment using the ESTIMATE algorithm and tumor immune phenotype (TIP) signature. Cell deconvolution methods were employed to identify immune subtypes and their association with disease-free survival was examined by survival analysis and further validated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for CD4, CD8, and CD20 markers.
Results
Cluster analysis revealed distinct profiles based on menopausal status. In premenopausal tumors, immune regulating pathways such as neutrophil degranulation, interferon signaling, and the complement system were upregulated, while T cell checkpoint, cancer antigen, and B cell pathways were downregulated. Non-epithelial compartment showed upregulation of IL2, BCR signaling, and T cell pathways. Immune cell identification using a deconvolution-based method showed increased CD8+ T cells, endothelial cells, myeloid dendritic cells, and monocytes in premenopausal tumors. Increased intratumoral protein expression of CD8, CD4, and CD20 in premenopausal TNBC was noted, with infiltration of CD20 correlating with a better prognosis. Further transcript-based TIP signature analysis showed increased expression of immune cold signature in premenopausal tumors.
Conclusion
This study provides a detailed analysis of TME in TNBC, emphasizing immunological differences associated with menopausal status. Targeting these distinct immune environments, potentially by modulating hormonal effects or enhancing immune responses, may improve TNBC treatment efficacy. Further research validating these findings and exploring combination therapies could enhance immunotherapy outcomes in TNBC patients.
The first record of the Uniform-Finch (Haplospiza unicolor Cabanis, 1851) in the Cerrado and Center-West of Brazil
Authors: Souza Yuri , Salvador João , Wijas Baptiste
Published: July 2024

The Uniform-Finch (Haplospiza unicolor Cabanis, 1851) is typically found in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, but we have recorded it for the first time in the Brazilian savanna, or Cerrado, at a private property in Alto Paraíso de Goiás, Goiás state. This is a new record at both the biome and state levels. We also accessed all the occurrence information of H. unicolor available in databases to explore its overall geographical range. This new sighting indicates this bird was found 679,43km from its original distribution range, thus shedding light either on its potential for dispersal or the prior lack of knowledge on persisting bird populations in the area. The record presented here adds to the understanding of H. unicolor distribution and potential for dispersal, indicating the need for further research to explore its population size, stability, and environmental adaptation in the Cerrado.
Administrative Hierarchy of the Gandan Monastery According to the “Regulations of 1840”
Authors: Tsyrenova Nomin D. ,   Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2024

The article is devoted to the analysis of the system of administrative positions in the Gandan Monastery of Mongolia during the Qing era in the context of the distribution of material wealth based on the author’s translation of an archival document entitled “Regulations of the Gandan Monastery”, compiled in 1840. During the study, the author relied on source studies, historical and sociological methods, and also a method of historical and ethnographic reconstruction. The use of these methods made it possible to restore the administrative structure of the Gandan monastery, as well as to identify the specifics of the everyday life and economic structure of the Buddhist clergy of the mid-19th century. As a result of the source study and historical-ethnographic analysis of the text of the “Regulations” and the identification of the main contexts for the mention of Buddhist monastic positions in the “Regulations”, the author came to the following conclusions: most of the cases of mentioning positions are related to the range of administrative and economic responsibilities (control, accounting and distribution of material wealth monastery), while the greatest attention of the drafters of the “Regulations” was paid to organizational aspects of preparing and conducting calendar Buddhist prayers, as well as issues of subordination between lamas. According to the text of the “Regulations”, the material assets that came under the jurisdiction of the Gandan monastery consisted mainly of cattle, food products (meat, pressed tea), pieces of silk fabric (Mong. mangnuγ), as well as various types of ritual hadaks (Mong. sonom-hadak, sambai-khadak), etc. The economic structure of the Gandan monastery was based on regular offerings (Mong. bar’ts) from the rich patrons of the monastery, princes and their closest relatives, as well as on the material support of the aimags-communities located at the monastery. It was also revealed that food surpluses from the offerings were sold, which indicates significant food reserves and, accordingly, the presence of large funds among the monastery leadership. In general, we can say that monastic everyday life in the context of the administrative hierarchy of Buddhist positions and statuses has its own eastern characteristics, it can be considered as a separate type of organization of everyday life of the eastern steppe society, which gradually moved to a semi-nomadic and sedentary way of life.
Ainu Art: From Craft to Fine Art
Authors: Osipova Marina V. ,   Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera), Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2024

ditional and utilitarian. The modernity gives the boost to the development of the new forms of art. However, there are no studies in domestic or foreign historiography examining this issue. The purpose of this article is to analyze the problem of the formation and development of Ainu modern art as the adaptive mechanisms of traditional crafts. Based on field work and analysis of sources, using descriptive, historical-systemic, comparative-historical and visual methods, an attempt is made to understand the prerequisites for the transition of Ainu craft and decorative art to fine arts, and the conditions that led to the emergence of highly artistic works. The introduction of the results determined the novelty of this research. We found that the transition of the Ainu crafts to decorative and fine arts was facilitated by three factors: economic, cultural and the need for individual self-identification. This made possible to distinguish three stages in the development of Ainu art: the stage of acquaintance with the Ainu craft, the exhibition and market stages, which led to the development of sculpture, graphics, woodcuts and also to emphasize the importance of cultural exchange with neighboring peoples. The presented work allows us to conduct comparative studies with a similar phenomenon among the indigenous peoples of the Russian Federation and to use it in museum projects.
Historical Portrait of the Yakut Merchant of the 1st Guild N. D. Everstov
Authors: Kushnareva Margarita D. ,   Irkutsk State University
Published: July 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the economic and social-educational activities of the Yakut merchant of the 1st guild N. D. Everstov. The main purpose of the publication is to reconstruct the historical portrait of N. D. Everstov. The article used the methodology of the civilizational approach formulated by A. Toynbee. The topic has theoretical and applied relevance. The author determined the origin of N. D. Everstov and the original sources of capital accumulation. In 1894, Everstov was the first Yakut to become a merchant of the 1st guild. In 1900, the trading house “N. D. Everstov” was founded in Yakutsk. In 1901, Everstov was awarded the title of commerce advisor and honorary citizen. The article reveals that Everstov organized a wholesale fur trade and an extensive network of agents in the 1860–1870s, entered the fairs of Irbit and Nizhny Novgorod, and had an annual turnover of 200–800 thousand rubles. In 1867–1878 at auctions in Leipzig they sold more than 50 lots of furs, with a total value of 865 thousand rubles. Dynamics of trade with China in 1865–1878 amounted to 50–100 thousand rubles annually, average profit 700 thousand rubles. N. D. Everstov laid the foundations for bill lending to entrepreneurs in North-Eastern Siberia. In 1860–1879, the lending rate was 12–13 % per annum, the total amount of loans was more than 145 thousand rubles. In 1910–1911, the merchant organized a bank with an authorized capital of 50 thousand rubles. A social and educational activity of N. D. Everstov was expressed in the financing of educational institutions, churches, missionary societies of Yakutsk. In 1915, the state of N. D. Everstov was estimated at 1 million rubles. Everstov’s sons continued their father’s trading and financial activities but were unable to create a large enterprise. The Yakut merchant laid the foundations for conducting trade and financial business with large capital in North-Eastern Siberia, organized the wholesale supply of consumer goods to the population of the region through the ports of the Sea of Okhotsk, and formed the trade and transport infrastructure of the macro-region.
“Tender Murderer”: A Psychoanalytic Reading of Jeffrey Lionel Dahmer in Thom Gunn’s Boss Cupid
Authors: Dağoğlu Tülay
Published: July 2024

This article examines Thom Gunn’s poem “Troubadour,” in his final collection Boss Cupid (2000), containing five songs “Hitch-hiker,” “Iron Man,” “The Visible Man,” “A Borrowed Man,” and “Final Song”, all of which are sung by the infamous serial killer, Jeffrey Lionel Dahmer. Gunn’s study of Dahmer, evoking compassion, furnishes a murderer who performs his own role of “troubadour” while singing his intense feelings and aberrant actions from his own voice in a romantic mode. This act of speaking for himself highlights a strong sense of self-awareness and renders a murderer who is cognizant of his miserable situation. Thus, the poet’s treatment is with a particular empathy for such all-consuming sexual passion through an act of romanticizing the killer’s horrendous ways of murdering. Based on the poet’s lack of prejudice towards any propensities and his courage of going against the poetic conventionalities in his time, this study explores Gunn’s portrayal of Dahmer as a ‘tender murderer’, a desperate intimacy seeker victimized by his damaged psyche, thereby having sexual gratification in killing, the only way to stop his partner from leaving him. While the article engages with the phases of Dahmer’s homicidal acts operating on tender feelings in these songs, it does so through Jacques Lacan’s theories of the psyche with its three diagnostic structures: Neurosis, Psychosis, and Perversion. Two of these fundamental categories of diagnosis will be utilized to define particular symptoms, which cater to reading the tender murderer’s motive(s).
Capecitabine-loaded NLC for Breast Cancer Treatment: Preparation, Characterization, and In vitro Evaluation
Authors: Hadi Sultan Muhammad , Almoshari Yosif , Mohan Syam , Ahmed Al-Kasim Mohamed , S. Alyami Hamad , Azam Ansari Mohammad , Alam Mohammad Intakhab
Published: July 2024

Background:

Cancer treatment often involves the use of potent antineoplastic drugs like
Capecitabine [CAP], which can lead to serious toxicities. There is a need for dosage forms to manage
these toxicities that can deliver the medication effectively to the target site while maintaining
therapeutic efficacy at lower doses. To achieve the aforesaid objective, NLC containing capecitabine
[NANOBIN] was prepared and evaluated. Different formulations of NANOBIN, denoted as CaTS,
CaT1S, CaT2S, CaTS1, and CaTS2, were designed and evaluated to improve drug delivery and
therapeutic outcomes.

Methods:

The NANOBIN formulations were prepared using the hot homogenization method. The
characterization of these formulations was conducted based on various parameters such as particle
size, Polydispersity Index [PDI], Zeta Potential [ZP], Transmission Electron Microscopy [TEM]
imaging, and Encapsulation Efficiency [EE]. In vitro evaluations included stability testing, release
studies to assess drug release kinetics, and a cytotoxicity assay [MTT assay] to evaluate the efficacy
of these formulations against human breast cancer cells [MCF-7].

Results:

The characterization results revealed that all NANOBIN formulations exhibited particle
sizes ranging from 65 to 193 nm, PDI values within the range of 0.26-0.37, ZP values between 46.47
to 61.87 mV [-ve], and high EE percentages ranging from 94.121% to 96.64%. Furthermore, all
NANOBIN formulations demonstrated sustained and slow-release profiles of CAP. The MTT assay
showed that the NANOBINs exhibited significantly enhanced cytotoxic efficacy, approximately 10
times greater than free CAP when tested on MCF-7 cells. These findings indicate the potential of
NANOBINs to deliver CAP effectively to the target site, enabling prolonged drug availability and
enhanced therapeutic effects at lower doses.

Conclusion:

The study demonstrates that NANOBINs can effectively deliver CAP to target sites,
prolonging drug exposure and enhancing therapeutic efficacy while reducing the required dose. Further
studies are necessary to validate these findings and establish NANOBINs as a preferred treatment
option for cancer therapy.
Rapid and simultaneous detection of Salmonella Sp. and Staphylococcus aureus in seafood by Multiplex PCR (mPCR)
Authors: M Anusuya , A Praveena
Published: July 2024

aims:

The present study is to investigate the prevalence of Salmonella sp. and Staphylococcus in seafood sample using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR).

background:

The rapid detection of food borne pathogen is increasing to ensure safety to consumers as major food borne illness is caused by pathogenic bacteria. Salmonellosis caused by Salmonella sp. is one of the primary concerns in many countries. Staphylococcus aureus is capable of generating toxins which can produce food poisoning in human body.

objective:

The thermostable nuclease (nuc) gene of Staphylococcus aureus and enterotoxin (stn) gene of Salmonella were used as target genes for mPCR detection.

method:

Totally, 10 seafood which includes fishes, crab and prawns which are generally available in Indian fish markets were selected for the present study. Samples that carried both the strains Salmonella and Staphylococcus were selected for mPCR by targeting the stn and nuc gene.

result:

Among 10 seafood samples collected, 7 of them carried Salmonella strain and 5 of them carried Staphylococcus strains. The results showed that 75% of the salmonella strains carried stn gene and 75% of the Staphylococcus strains carried nuc gene.

conclusion:

This study suggests that mPCR can be used for simultaneous detection by targeting the stn gene and nuc gene of salmonella and Staphylococcus food borne pathogens in seafood.

other:

Not applicable
Curve Fitting
Authors: Polanco Carlos
Published: July 2024

This chapter presents an overview of curve fitting methods in Euclidean
spaces, with a particular emphasis on R
2 and R
3
. In order to represent linear and
nonlinear interactions between numerous variables, a number of methodologies,
including linear and nonlinear least squares methods, are being investigated. The
linear relationship that exists between two variables is broken down in great detail,
and a broad variety of examples are provided to show how curve fitting methods
can be utilized to build models that are an accurate representation of data sets. In
addition to this, the linear relationship that exists between the three variables under
consideration is dissected, and detailed strategies for dealing with this scenario
are discussed. Curve fitting methods are useful for exploring and evaluating data
in Euclidean spaces, as shown by the results and examples shown below, which
demonstrate the utility and versatility of these methods.
ERİNLİK DÖNEMİNDEKİ ÇOCUKLARIN FARKINDALIK VE ÖZNEL İYİ OLUŞ DURUMLARININ İNCELENMESİ
Authors: Solak Zeliha , Öğretir Özçelik Ayşe Dilek
Published: July 2024

Bu araştırmanın amacı ön ergenlerin farkındalık ile öznel iyi oluş yapıları arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Ön ergenlerin cinsiyet ve yaş özelliklerinin farkındalık ve öznel iyi oluşlarına etkisine de bakılmıştır. Çalışmaya gönüllü 11-14 yaş aralığında toplam 487 (243 kız 244 erkek) ergen katılmıştır. Veri toplama araçları olarak Çok Boyutlu Öğrenci Yaşam Doyumu Ölçeği, Pozitif ve Negatif Duygu Ölçeği (PNDÖ) ve Çocuk ve Ergenler İçin Bilinçlilik Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Bağımsız t testi, ANOVA ve korelasyon analizi yapılarak veriler analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar doğrultusunda, erkeklerin kızlara oranla farkındalık ve aile doyumlarının daha yüksek olduğu; kızların ise olumsuz duygular ve okul doyumu açısından erkeklerden daha yüksek değer aldığı görülmüştür. Yaşa bağlı olarak ise okul doyumunun yaşça büyük ergenlerde daha düşük olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Korelasyon analizi sonucunda ise farkındalık ve öznel iyi oluşun yapıları olan olumlu duygu ve yaşam doyumu seviyeleri arasındaki ilişkinin pozitif yönde orta düzeyde; farkındalık ve olumsuz duygu arasındaki ilişki ise negatif orta düzeyde olduğu bulunmuştur.
РОЛЬ УЛЬТРАЗВУКОВОЇ ДІАГНОСТИКИ В ОЦІНЦІ СЕРЦЕВО-СУДИННОЇ СИСТЕМИ ТА ПЛЕВРАЛЬНИХ СИНУСІВ ПРИ УСКЛАДНЕННЯХ, СПРИЧИНЕНИХ ВІРУСОМ SARS-COV-2
Authors: Мацькевич Вікторія , Ленчук Тетяна , Олійник Роман , Царук Олександра , Кулинич Галія , Глушко Любомир
Published: July 2024

Незважаючи на завершення пандемії, коронавірусна хвороба-2019 становить високий ризик ускладнень серед людей з супутніми артеріальною гіпертензією, cерцевою недостатністю, постінфарктним кардіосклерозом, ішемічною хворобою серця та цукровим діабетом. Мета. Підвищення ефективності застосування ультразвукової діагностики в оцінці стану серцево-судинної системи та плевральних синусів у відновному періоді після перенесеної коронавірусної хвороби-2019. Матеріали і методи. Упродовж 2020-2023 років обстежено 47 пацієнтів, віком 33-78 років, з анамнезом COVID-19 за 4-16 тижнів до проведення сонографії. Ультразвукове дослідження серця і плевральних синусів виконувалось на апараті Philips HD11 XE, використовуючи сірошкальний В-режим, кольорове доплерівське картування, вивчення спектральної доплерівської кривої в судинах та серці, безперервно-хвильову доплерографію, сканування в М-режимі та визначення відповідних серцевих показників. Результати. Серед обстежених пацієнтів сонографічні зміни легень, що представлені В-лініями виявлено у 9 осіб (19,1%), наявність рідини в плевральних синусах – у 23 пацієнтів (48,9%), ознаки міокардиту – у 14 (29,8%), ознаки перикардиту – у 8 (17,0%), поєднані вади серця – у 6 (12,8%), пролапс мітрального клапана – у 32 (68,1%), зниження фракції викиду до 45-54% – у  8 (17,0%), зниження фракції викиду менше 45% – у 6 (12,8%) пацієнтів. Висновки. Ультразвукова діагностика дає можливість вчасно встановити локацію патологічних змін при тривалій симптоматиці у пацієнтів в період відновлення після гострого COVID-19, де особлива увага повинна бути зосереджена на стані плевральних синусів, перикарду, міокарду, клапанного апарату серця, значенні фракції викиду лівого шлуночка.
     Ключові слова: серцево-судинні ускладнення, ультразвукове дослідження, коронавірусна хвороба-19, пневмонія, хвороби системи дихання.
СОНОГРАФІЧНА ІДЕНТИФІКАЦІЯ ЗМІН, ВИКЛИКАНИХ АТЕРОСКЛЕРОЗОМ СОННИХ АРТЕРІЙ У ПАЦІЄНТІВ, КВАЛІФІКОВАНИХ ДО ЕНДАРТЕРЕКТОМІЇ
Authors: Сегін Надія
Published: July 2024

Атеросклероз сонних артерій є хронічним захворюванням, при якому можуть виникати несприятливі цереброваскулярні події, що призводять до втрати працездатності та смертності, особливо, у пацієнтів з супутніми цукровим діабетом, гіпертонічною хворобою серця, тютюнопалінням і надлишковою масою тіла. Мета. Оцінка інформативності сонографічної діагностики атеросклеротичної бляшки сонних артерій у пацієнтів, кваліфікованих до ендартеректомії. У дослідження включено 36 чоловіків з симптоматикою атеросклеротичного ураження сонних артерій віком від 53 до 76 років та 32 асимптомних чоловіків такого ж вікового проміжку. Виконання обстеження відбувалось за допомогою апарату Esaote MyLab9eXP з використанням лінійного трансдюсера (частота 8-15 МГц) та функцій двовимірного В-режиму, доплерівського кольорового картування, оцінки доплерівського спектру хвилі, енергетичного доплеру, еластометрії зсувної хвилі та компресійної еластометрії. Сонографічно оцінено в обох групах ступінь стенозу, наявність оклюзії тромботичними масами, компенсаторного посилення кровоплину, потовщення комплексу «інтима-медіа», розміри атеросклеротичної бляшки з оцінкою згідно з Plaque-RADS, гемодинаміку в місці стенозу та постстенотично, еластографічні характеристики, встановлення ризику цереброваскулярних захворювань. Медіана модуля Юнга атеросклеротичних бляшок для дослідної групи становила 67,2 кПа, для групи порівняння – 87,3 кПа. Метод ультразвукової діагностики володіє чутливістю 86,05% та специфічністю 84,0% при оцінці вразливості атеросклеротичних бляшок пацієнтів, кваліфікованих до ендартеректомії, з рекомендацією наступної гістологічної верифікації структур постопераційного матеріалу сонних артерій.
The situation of "double protection" and its impact on evidence in criminal proceedings: appearance analysis and recommendations to lawyers
Authors: Konin V. V.
Published: July 2024

Relevance. A lawyer, not being a subject of proof in criminal proceedings, nevertheless, is an active participant in the proof process, which he carries out throughout his activities to protect his client from suspicion or formed and put forward an accusatory thesis. At the same time, the current situation of "double protection" significantly hinders the participation of a lawyer in proving innocence or lesser guilt in comparison with the accusatory thesis put forward, and at the same time establishes an obstacle to the implementation of the provisions enshrined in Article 48 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, which enshrines the right of everyone to receive qualified legal assistance. The situation of "double protection" is one of the most negative factors in advocacy. In order to avoid the occurrence of a "double protection" situation, the author proposes an algorithm of actions when entering the process as a defender.

Objective: to develop an algorithm for entering the process in order to avoid a situation of "double protection".

The purpose of the study is to continue the research of advocacy in criminal proceedings, refuting the arguments of the prosecution and proving the innocence or lesser guilt of the defendant.

Methodology. The methodological basis of the research was the universal dialectical method of cognition of socio-legal phenomena, general scientific research methods (analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction, system-structural and others). In addition, private scientific methods of cognition were used logical-formal and system analysis.

The results of the study are both theoretical and applied in nature, and have elements of scientific novelty. The author considers the issues of the lawyer's entry into the criminal process by appointment, proposes an algorithm for the lawyer's actions in order to avoid possible violations and the emergence of a situation of "double protection".

Conclusions. The discussion of the identified problems will allow us to develop solutions to eliminate the identified gaps in the implementation of protection in criminal proceedings, protect lawyers from possible violations of internal corporate regulations.