bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Moving from imitation to innovation: Exploring a Chinese model of early childhood curriculum leadership
Authors: Yang Weipeng
Published: January 2019

School leadership plays a critical role in providing appropriate and sustainable curriculum practices. However, there remain significant knowledge gaps in understanding early childhood curriculum leadership in Chinese contexts. In order to examine early childhood curriculum leadership in such contexts, this study analyses and interprets data from interviews with leaders in five Chinese kindergartens. Data from classroom observations and curriculum documents are used to supplement the interviews. The evidence indicates that, in each of the Chinese kindergartens, (1) early childhood curriculum innovations led by the curriculum leaders evolved through stages from imitating imported models to innovating practices; (2) the leaders played various roles in different stages of the early childhood curriculum innovations; and (3) the leading process in early childhood curriculum innovations involved critical events along the action research cycles. The characteristics of early childhood curriculum leadership are drawn from these cases to develop a multistage integrated model. Finally, the implications of the findings are discussed to inform the enhancement of early childhood curriculum and early childhood curriculum leadership practices in Chinese societies and beyond.
Credibility, civility, and the archaeological dig house in mid-1950’s Egypt
Authors: Carruthers William
Published: January 2019

This article argues that forms of civility governing who possessed the credibility to carry out archaeological fieldwork in Egypt changed during the post-Second World War era of decolonization. Incorporating Arabic sources, the article focuses on the preparation of a dig house used during an excavation run by the Egyptian Department of Antiquities and the University Museum of the University of Pennsylvania at the site of Mit Rahina, Egypt, in the mid-1950s. The study demonstrates how the colonial genealogies of such structures converged with political changes heralded by the rise of Egypt's President Nasser. Preparing the dig house, Euro-American archaeologists involved with the excavation had to abide by social norms practiced by the Egyptians who had recently taken charge of the Department of Antiquities. Given that these norms often perpetuated older hierarchies of race, gender, and class, however, the article questions what the end of colonialism actually meant for archaeology in Egypt and elsewhere.
Changes in working practices in a rural community of Romania
Authors: Csesznek Codrina , Scârneci-Domnişoru Florentina
Published: January 2019

This visual essay uses photographs to present the changes undergone by labour in a typical village of Romania. The images were captured in two stages, in 2004 and in 2017, when the authors attempted re-photographing the same frames representing the pursuit of several occupations. The essay reveals some household chores which did not undergo any change at all, as well as others that disappeared altogether. The essay also reveals the major changes undergone by specialized labour during this 13-year period.
Mechanisms of NRF2 activation to mediate fetal hemoglobin induction and protection against oxidative stress in sickle cell disease
Authors: Zhu Xingguo , Oseghale Aluya R , Nicole Lopez H , Li Biaoru , Pace Betty S
Published: January 2019

Individuals with sickle cell disease have severe anemia due to the production of abnormal hemoglobin S, chronic red blood cell hemolysis, and increased oxidative stress leading to endothelial cell dysfunction, vasculopathy, and progressive organ damage. The transcription factor NRF2 (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2) is a master regulator of antioxidant proteins; under low oxidative stress, NRF2 is sequestered in the cytoplasm by Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1, β-transducin repeat-containing protein or HRD1, and directed to the proteasome for degradation. When cells are exposed to oxidative stress, NRF2 is released from these repressor proteins, translocates to the nucleus, and activates antioxidant genes to suppress cellular reactive oxidant species and inflammation. In erythroid progenitors, NRF2 also modulates fetal hemoglobin expression through direct binding in the γ-globin promoter and modification of chromatin structure in the β-globin locus. In sickle erythroid cells, NRF2 provides unique benefits through fetal hemoglobin induction to inhibit hemoglobin S polymerization and protection against oxidative stress due to chronic hemolysis. Thus, development of small chemical molecules that activate NRF2 has the potential to ameliorate the clinical severity of sickle cell disease. In this review, we discuss progress towards understanding NRF2 regulation and strategies to develop agents for the treatment of sickle cell disease.

Impact statement

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a group of inherited blood disorders caused by mutations in the human β-globin gene, leading to the synthesis of abnormal hemoglobin S, chronic hemolysis, and oxidative stress. Inhibition of hemoglobin S polymerization by fetal hemoglobin holds the greatest promise for treating SCD. The transcription factor NRF2, is the master regulator of the cellular oxidative stress response and activator of fetal hemoglobin expression. In animal models, various small chemical molecules activate NRF2 and ameliorate the pathophysiology of SCD. This review discusses the mechanisms of NRF2 regulation and therapeutic strategies of NRF2 activation to design the treatment options for individuals with SCD.
Customizing Stata Graphs made Easy (Part 1)
Authors: Jann Ben
Published: January 2019

The overall look of Stata's graphs is determined by so-called scheme files. Scheme files are system components; that is, they are part of the local Stata installation. In this article, I argue that style settings deviating from default schemes should be part of the script producing the graphs, rather than being kept in separate scheme files, and I present a simple tool called grstyle that supports such practice.
Univariate and Multivariate Outlier Identification for Skewed or Heavy-Tailed Distributions
Authors: Verardi Vincenzo , Vermandele Catherine
Published: January 2019

In univariate and in multivariate analyses, it is difficult to identify outliers in the case of skewed or heavy-tailed distributions. In this article, we propose simple univariate and multivariate outlier identification procedures that perform well with these types of distributions while keeping the computational complexity low. We describe the commands gboxplot (univariate case) and sdasym (multivariate case), which implement these procedures in Stata.
sdmxuse: Command to Import Data from Statistical Agencies using the SDMX Standard
Authors: Fontenay Sébastien
Published: January 2019

In this article, I present the command sdmxuse, which allows users to download and import statistical data from international organizations using the Statistical Data and Metadata eXchange standard (SDMX). The data structure is reviewed to show how users can send specific queries and import only the required time series.
Cointegration Testing and Dynamic Simulations of Autoregressive Distributed Lag Models
Authors: Jordan Soren , Philips Andrew Q.
Published: January 2019

In this article, we introduce dynamac, a suite of commands designed to assist users in modeling and visualizing the effects of autoregressive distributed lag models and in testing for cointegration. We discuss the bounds cointegration test proposed by Pesaran, Shin, and Smith (2001, Journal of Applied Econometrics 16: 289–326), which we have adapted into a command. Because the resulting models can be dynamically complex, we follow the advice of Philips (2018, American Journal of Political Science 62: 230–244) by introducing a flexible command designed to dynamically simulate and plot a variety of types of autoregressive distributed lag models, including error-correction models.
Nonparametric Instrumental-Variable Estimation
Authors: Chetverikov Denis , Kim Dongwoo , Wilhelm Daniel
Published: January 2019

In this article, we introduce the commands npiv and npivcv, which implement nonparametric instrumental-variable (NPIV) estimation methods without and with a cross-validated choice of tuning parameters, respectively. Both commands can impose the constraint that the resulting estimated function is monotone. Using such a shape restriction may significantly improve the performance of the NPIV estimator (Chetverikov and Wilhelm, 2017, Econometrica 85: 1303–1320) because the ill-posedness of the NPIV estimation problem leads to unconstrained estimators that suffer from particularly poor statistical properties such as high variance. However, the constrained estimator that imposes the monotonicity significantly reduces variance by removing nonmonotone oscillations of the estimator. We provide a small Monte Carlo experiment to study the estimators’ finite-sample properties and an application to the estimation of gasoline demand functions.
The binding of an auditory target location to a judgement: A two-component switching approach
Authors: Seibold Julia C , Nolden Sophie , Oberem Josefa , Fels Janina , Koch Iring
Published: January 2019

In a two-component switching paradigm, in which participants switched between two auditory attention selection criteria (attention component: left vs. right ear) and two judgements (judgement component: number vs. letter judgement), we found high judgement switch costs in attention criterion repetitions, but low costs in attention criterion switches. This finding showed an interaction of components. Previous two-component switching studies observed differently emphasised interaction patterns. In the present study, we explored whether the strength of the interaction pattern reflects the strength of the binding of target location and judgement. Specifically, we investigated whether exogenous target location cueing led to weaker binding than endogenous cueing, and whether preparation for ear selection could influence the binding. Attention switches with auditory exogenous target location cues did not affect the component interaction pattern, whereas a prolonged preparation interval led to a more emphasised pattern. Binding between target location and judgement may therefore be rather automatic and may not necessarily require concurrent component processing. Sufficient time for target location switches with long preparation time may activate the previous trial’s episode or facilitate switches of the subsequent judgement.
Responding to joint attention bids in schizophrenia: An interactive eye-tracking study
Authors: Caruana Nathan , Seymour Kiley , Brock Jon , Langdon Robyn
Published: January 2019

This study investigated social cognition in schizophrenia using a virtual reality paradigm to capture the dynamic processes of evaluating and responding to eye gaze as an intentional communicative cue. A total of 21 patients with schizophrenia and 21 age-, gender-, and IQ-matched healthy controls completed an interactive computer game with an on-screen avatar that participants believed was controlled by an off-screen partner. On social trials, participants were required to achieve joint attention by correctly interpreting and responding to gaze cues. Participants also completed non-social trials in which they responded to an arrow cue within the same task context. While patients and controls took equivalent time to process communicative intent from gaze shifts, patients made significantly more errors than controls when responding to the directional information conveyed by gaze, but not arrow, cues. Despite no differences in response times to gaze cues between groups, patients were significantly slower than controls when responding to arrow cues. This is the opposite pattern of results previously observed in autistic adults using the same task and suggests that, despite general impairments in attention orienting or oculomotor control, patients with schizophrenia demonstrate a facilitation effect when responding to communicative gaze cues. Findings indicate a hyper-responsivity to gaze cues of communicative intent in schizophrenia. The possible effects of self-referential biases when evaluating gaze direction are discussed, as are clinical implications.
The impact of the atmosphere on target archery
Authors: Park James L
Published: January 2019

Major target archery competitions are conducted outdoors and rarely pause due to inclement weather. The impact of the atmosphere on both the equipment and the archer is a very important consideration, affecting the arrow in free flight and the archer’s aim. This article provides a survey of research covering the arrow’s initial conditions as it enters its free flight phase, its behaviour during free flight including wind drift and the effects of wind on the archer’s aim. Potential areas for further investigation are highlighted.
Assessment of Countermovement Jump Performance in First Position (Sauté) in Healthy Adults
Authors: Karim Annette Y. , Ashmore Caleb , Burris Sara , Roddey Toni , Ortiz Alexis , Olson Sharon
Published: January 2019

Background:

Prior studies have examined muscle power via the countermovement jump (CMJ). Studies to date have examined neither the reliability nor the construct validity of the ballet first position CMJ (hips in lateral rotation, toes facing away from one another, legs straight) as a measure of power.

Hypotheses:

There would be (1) good interrater reliability in the visual assessment of the best-quality first position CMJ (κ ≥ 0.60), (2) good test-retest reliability in the height of the first position CMJ of good quality (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] ≥ 0.80), and (3) a significant relationship between isokinetic torque of the quadriceps femoris and first position CMJ height ( r ≥ 0.40).

Study Design:

Correlational study.

Level of Evidence:

Level 3.

Methods:

A convenience sample of 39 healthy young adults who reported moderate activity levels participated in a warm-up and 2 sessions of 6 jumps. Quadriceps femoris isokinetic torque was measured in the first session.

Results:

Significant agreement was found within the same day for the best-quality first position CMJ (κ = 0.81), and in the highest, best-quality first position CMJ between days (ICC2,1 = 0.88). The highest, best-quality first position CMJ, when solving for a single trial, was comparable to the average of 2 trials (single trial: ICC2,1 = 0.96 vs average of 2 trials: ICC2,k = 0.98). There was a good relationship between quadriceps femoris isokinetic strength and first position CMJ height (Pearson r = 0.69 and P < 0.001 at 60 deg/s; r = 0.64 and P < 0.001 at 180 deg/s; r = 0.65 and P < 0.001 at 300 deg/s).

Conclusion:

Visual video movement analysis has good to excellent interrater agreement and test-retest reliability. Selecting the single highest jump of good quality is acceptable. The first position CMJ is a measure of power.

Clinical Relevance:

Video analysis of the single highest first position CMJ of good quality is an acceptable method of assessing movement quality.
Historical Instruments for the Modern Sinus Surgeon
Authors: Brody-Camp Sabrina A. , Weinert Dane A. , McCoul Edward D.
Published: January 2019

Background

Despite a proliferation of technological advances in sinonasal surgery, “cold steel” instruments still comprise the core of the sinus surgeon’s tools of the trade. Many of these implements retain eponyms that recall the legacies of prominent surgeons of the past.

Objective

This review aims to familiarize the reader with the lives of 10 men who designed and popularized some of the most recognizable sinus instruments, without which the practice of rhinologic surgery would be unrecognizable.

Results

Ten individuals whose inventions are still used to this day and retain their names: Hartmann, Killian, Freer, Blakesley, Weil, Frazier, Grünwald, Hajek, Takahashi, and Cottle.

Conclusion

Review of the history of these instruments helps demonstrate how sinus surgery has evolved to where it is today. The men described in this review transformed the practice of rhinologic surgery with their ingenuity and perseverance.
Cognitive functions and white matter lesions on magnetic resonance images in a sample of normal Iranian population with cardiovascular risk factors
Authors: Ashrafi Farzad , Taheri Morteza Sanei , Farzaneh Aida , Behnam Behdad , Ahmadi Mehran Arab
Published: January 2019

Purpose

Due to a suggestive three-way relationship between brain structural disorders, microvascular lesions, and cognitive impairments, we aimed to examine the association of the volume and number of white matter hyperintensity lesions and lacunar infarcts with cognitive impairment among patients with cardiovascular risk factors in a sample of the Iranian population.

Materials and methods

This study was conducted on a total number of 156 normal subjects aged 30–74 years with cardiovascular risk factors. We used the Framingham general cardiovascular risk factors prediction model to calculate the likelihood of each risk factor. The total number of lacunar infarcts and the volume of white matter hyperintensity lesion were calculated in brain magnetic resonance imaging. Cognition status was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment questionnaire.

Results

An adverse association was revealed between Montreal Cognitive Assessment score and different cardiovascular risk profiles including the Framingham body mass index score ( p < 0.001) and the Framingham lipid score ( p < 0.001). The total volume of white matter hyperintensity was negatively associated with total Montreal Cognitive Assessment cognition score ( p < 0.001). Our study also showed an adverse association between total number of lacunar infarcts and total Montreal Cognitive Assessment cognition score ( p = 0.038) and with some cognition components including memory ( p = 0.013), attention ( p = 0.037), abstraction ( p = 0.046), and orientation ( p = 0.002).

Conclusion

Periventricular lesions are associated with impaired memory, language, and visuoconstruction while subcortical lesions are associated with impairment in naming, attention, language, and abstraction functions in normal subjects with cardiovascular risk factors but without cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disorders.
Evaluation and Treatment of Posterior Tibialis Tendon Insufficiency in the Elderly Patients
Authors: Ikpeze Tochukwu C. , Brodell James D. , Chen Raymond E. , Oh Irvin
Published: January 2019

Introduction:

Posterior tibialis tendon insufficiency is the most common cause of adult acquired flatfoot deformity in elderly patients. We performed a literature search of primary and secondary journal articles pertaining to posterior tibialis tendon insufficiency in the geriatric population. We examined relevant data from these articles regarding current evaluation in addition to both conservative and advanced treatment approaches that correspond to disease severity.

Significance:

There is a paucity of literature to guide treatment of posterior tibialis tendon insufficiency in the elderly, and this condition may be more prevalent in geriatric patients than previously realized.

Results:

Posterior tibialis tendon insufficiency is an acquired defect that affects 10% of the geriatric population and disproportionately affects women. It is typically caused by degenerative changes. There are four primary stages of posterior tibialis tendon with subcategorizations that range from mild to severe. Conservative treatment with a variety of available ankle braces and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications are typically used to treat the first and second stage disease. Surgical repair is warranted for advanced second stage and above posterior tendon insufficiency. A variety of techniques have been proposed, and can include tendon transfer, hindfoot fusion, and even total ankle arthroplasty in extreme cases.

Conclusion:

Posterior tibialis tendon insufficiency causes marked discomfort and alters normal gait biomechanics. Elderly patients typically present with more severe manifestations of the disease. For patients requiring surgery, and especially geriatric patients, the ideal treatment is thought to be a procedure that is minimally invasive in order to maximize positive outcomes for elderly patients. More work is needed to examine clinical and radiographic outcomes of geriatric patients treated for posterior tibialis tendon insufficiency.
An Urban Code in Traditional Middle Eastern Contexts: The Edge Environment as a Central Theme for Reading the Social Pattern Language of Historic Sites
Authors: Mohammed Gamal , Mahmoud Noha
Published: January 2019

This article discusses a new concept that may help professionals and specialists read the “urban code” of Middle Eastern traditional contexts that was developed from the mix of social aspect and spatial morphology, illustrating how these elements are interconnected in a way that highlights the values and qualities and their reflections on the physicality of the city. This urban code envisions and analyses the relevance of the social pattern language of the traditional context to its urban manifestation, leaning on the “edge environment” as a new generative concept. It outlines the relationship between the ideologies buried underneath the walls of the spatial form of traditional built environment such as Cairo and sheds light on those ideologies in a way that helps us read them within the context of modern values pertained to the sense of community. The notion of the edge environment may contribute to design education restoration, preservation, and upgrading processes as design toolkit that employs careful interventions by fine-tuning the edge environment.
Health System Factors Constrain HIV Care Providers in Delivering High-Quality Care: Perceptions from a Qualitative Study of Providers in Western Kenya
Authors: Genberg Becky , Wachira Juddy , Kafu Catherine , Wilson Ira , Koech Beatrice , Kamene Regina , Akinyi Jacqueline , Knight Jennifer , Braitstein Paula , Ware Norma
Published: January 2019

The burden on health systems due to increased volume of patients with HIV continues to rapidly increase. The goal of this study was to examine the experiences of HIV care providers in a high patient volume HIV treatment and care program in eastern Africa. Sixty care providers within the Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare program in western Kenya were recruited into this qualitative study. We conducted in-depth interviews focused on providers’ perspectives on health system factors that impact patient engagement in HIV care. Results from thematic analysis demonstrated that providers perceive a work environment that constrained their ability to deliver high-quality HIV care and encouraged negative patient–provider relationships. Providers described their roles as high strain, low control, and low support. Health system strengthening must include efforts to improve the working environment and easing burden of care providers tasked with delivering antiretroviral therapy to increasing numbers of patients in resource-constrained settings.
Outcomes of Arthroscopic Posterior Shoulder Stabilization in the Beach-Chair Versus Lateral Decubitus Position: A Systematic Review
Authors: Moeller Ellie A. , Houck Darby A. , McCarty Eric C. , Seidl Adam J. , Bravman Jonathan T. , Vidal Armando F. , Frank Rachel M.
Published: January 2019

Background:

Arthroscopic posterior shoulder stabilization can be performed with patients in the beach-chair (BC) and the lateral decubitus (LD) positions; however, the impact of patient positioning on clinical outcomes has not been evaluated.

Purpose:

To compare clinical outcomes and recurrence rates after arthroscopic posterior shoulder stabilization performed in the BC and LD positions.

Study Design:

Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A systematic review using PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Meta-Analyses) guidelines was performed by searching PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for studies reporting the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing arthroscopic posterior shoulder stabilization in either the BC or LD position. All English-language studies from 1990 to 2017 reporting clinical outcomes after arthroscopic posterior shoulder stabilization with a minimum 2-year follow-up were reviewed by 2 independent reviewers. Data on the recurrent instability rate, return to activity or sport, range of motion, and patient-reported outcome scores were collected. Study methodological quality was evaluated using the Modified Coleman Methodology Score (MCMS) and Quality Appraisal Tool (QAT).

Results:

A total of 15 studies (11 LD, 4 BC) with 731 shoulders met the inclusion criteria, including 626 shoulders in the LD position (mean patient age, 23.9 ± 4.1 years; mean follow-up, 37.5 ± 10.0 months) and 105 shoulders in the BC position (mean patient age, 27.8 ± 2.2 years; mean follow-up, 37.9 ± 16.6 months). There was no significant difference in the overall mean recurrent instability rate between the LD and BC groups (4.9% ± 3.6% vs 4.4% ± 5.1%, respectively; P = .83), with similar results in a subanalysis of studies utilizing only suture anchor fixation (4.9% ± 3.6% vs 3.2% ± 5.6%, respectively; P = .54). There was no significant difference in the return-to-sport rate between the BC and LD groups (96.2% ± 5.4% vs 88.6% ± 9.1%, respectively; P = .30). Range of motion and other patient-reported outcome scores were not provided consistently across studies to allow for statistical comparisons.

Conclusion:

Low rates of recurrent shoulder instability and high rates of return to sport can be achieved after arthroscopic posterior shoulder stabilization in either the LD or the BC position. Additional long-term randomized trials comparing these positions are needed to better understand the potential advantages and disadvantages of surgical positioning for posterior shoulder stabilization.
Child Development and Nutritional Status in Ecuador
Authors: Huiracocha-Tutiven Lourdes , Orellana-Paucar Adriana , Abril-Ulloa Victoria , Huiracocha-Tutiven Mirian , Palacios-Santana Gicela , Blume Stuart
Published: January 2019

We assessed the development, nutritional status, and complementary feeding of 12- to 23-month-old children from Cuenca, Ecuador in 2013. Ecuador, an upper-middle-income country, developed a child policy in accordance with World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. We collected cross-sectional survey data. Child development was assessed using the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness Guide–2011. The nutritional status was defined with WHO Child Growth Standards−2006. We investigated nutrient density, WHO Infant and Young Child Feeding Indicators, and nutrient supplementation intake of the complementary feeding. In all, 11.7% of children had “possible developmental delay,” stunting was identified in 29.4% of the children, and 25.3% faced overnutrition (overweight risk/overweight/obesity). The complementary feeding composition can be summarized as having adequate fat, high energy (MJ/day) and protein, and low iron and zinc. Children with “possible developmental delay” received less iron ( P < .05) than children with normal development. Overall, 30.4% of children had minimum dietary diversity. A total of 47.7% of children received nutrient supplementation. This epidemiological profile of infants remains a challenge for Ecuador’s health programs.
A Toddler With Prolonged Fever and Intermittent Cough
Authors: Gill Carson , Scott Ori , Beck Carolyn E.
Published: January 2019

Fever of unknown origin is an important diagnostic challenge in pediatrics that requires a thoughtful approach. The differential diagnosis is broad and includes infectious, autoimmune, oncologic, neurologic, genetic, and iatrogenic causes. Infection remains the most common etiology, and uncommon presentations of infections are still more likely than classic presentations of rare conditions. We report a case of a retropharyngeal abscess in a toddler whose presentation is marked by a prolonged fever (>3 weeks). This case highlights the importance of close follow-up with serially repeated history and physical examinations to guide the evaluation of a patient with fever of unknown origin.
Yahaan Phaltu Bethna Sakht Mana Hai1: Idling, Storytelling and Planning
Authors: Khanolkar Prasad
Published: January 2019

Taking its cue from the anti- and post-work writings of Georges Bataille and Kathi Weeks, this article explores the relationship among idling, storytelling and planning in a slum settlement in Mumbai, India, with the aim of reimagining cities and planning praxis beyond ‘the logic of work’. It does so in two ways: first, it explores Walter Benjamin’s writings on mimesis and storytelling. Second, it moves through a detailed ethnographic study of storytelling practices in three spaces in the slum settlement—a balwadi, a Human Rights Commission office and a teahouse. The broader aim of the article is to highlight how the paradoxical activities of idling and storytelling can provide clues for reimagining cities and planning praxis beyond the logic of work.
Entrepreneurship in the Digital Era: Creating Your Own Online Business
Authors: Finkle Todd A. , Olsen Timothy
Published: January 2019

Two soon-to-be graduates of the University of Washington, Terry Smith and Jack Jones, sought to become entrepreneurs and create their own online business. They had an innovative idea—a mobile app that made it easy for groups to plan a night out. As they researched the idea, they realized they would need help with the technology and business model. With limited time and funds, they had to make several decisions regarding their venture including the application’s features and the strongest business model.
Dynamic hyperinflation impairs daily life activity in asthma
Authors: van der Meer Akke-Nynke , de Jong Kim , Hoekstra-Kuik Aranka , Bel Elisabeth H. , ten Brinke Anneke
Published: January 2019

Introduction

Dynamic hyperinflation has been documented in asthma, yet its impact on overall health and daily life activities is unclear. We assessed the prevalence of dynamic hyperinflation in moderate to severe asthma and its relationship with the scores of a set of specific and general respiratory health questionnaires.

Methods

77 nonsmoking asthma patients (Global Initiative for Asthma steps 4–5) were recruited consecutively and completed five questionnaires: Asthma Control Questionnaire, Clinical COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) Questionnaire, St George's Respiratory Questionnaire, London Chest Activity of Daily Living scale (LCADL) and Shortness of Breath with Daily Activities (SOBDA). Dynamic hyperinflation was defined as ≥10% reduction in inspiratory capacity induced by standardised metronome-paced tachypnoea. Associations between level of dynamic hyperinflation and questionnaire scores were assessed and adjusted for asthma severity.

Results

81% (95% CI 71.7–89.4%) of patients showed dynamic hyperinflation. Higher levels of dynamic hyperinflation were related to poorer scores on all questionnaires (r=0.228–0.385, p<0.05). After adjustment for asthma severity, dynamic hyperinflation remained associated with poorer scores on LCADL (p=0.027) and SOBDA (p=0.031).

Conclusion

Dynamic hyperinflation is associated with poorer overall health and impaired daily life activities, independent of asthma severity. Because of its major impact on everyday life activities, dynamic hyperinflation is an important target for treatment in asthma.
A simple geologic risk-tailored 3D controlled-source electromagnetic multiattribute analysis and quantitative interpretation approach
Authors: Meju Max A.
Published: January 2019

Three-dimensional surveying is the method of choice in marine controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) exploration for hydrocarbons in frontier regions, but robust interpretation of the typically large-size field data faces significant challenges, including how to determine the correct resistivity, depth, and lateral limits of hydrocarbon-saturated reservoirs in the presence of heterogeneous host rocks or anisotropy and how to relate CSEM information to the key elements of geologic prospect evaluation (the presence of source rocks, migration and charge, reservoir rock, trap, and seal). We have developed a simple geologic risk-tailored approach for multiattribute analysis and first-pass interpretation of CSEM data in frontier exploration in which little prior information is available. First, geometric normalization of electric field amplitudes at each receiver location yields “phase-consistent” sounding curves that directly represent subsurface electrical structure (and can indicate reservoir rock presence). It enables accurate determination of seafloor resistivity (whose areal variation and direct correlation with seepage-induced geochemical and seismic shallow-gas anomalies can indicate the presence of a working petroleum system). Edge-detection attributes are then used to determine the geographical position and boundary shape of anomalous 3D resistive bodies (the trap presence and structural closure). Keeping these known parameters fixed, the most likely burial depth and resistivities of the sought 3D bodies are found using a simple line search technique involving rigorous 3D modeling and the results are validated and optimized post facto using seismic depth constraints to locally improve the prediction of the size and resistivities of hydrocarbon-charged or water-bearing sections crucial for prospect derisking, reserve estimation, and well placement.
Identification of a lipid-rich depot in the orbital cavity of the 13-lined ground squirrel
Authors: MacCannell Amanda D. V. , Sinclair Kevin J. , Tattersall Glenn J. , McKenzie Charles A. , Staples James F.
Published: January 2019

We discovered a previously undescribed orbital lipid depot in the 13-lined ground squirrel during the first ever magnetic resonance image (MRI) of this common experimental model of mammalian hibernation. In animals housed at constant ambient temperatures (5°C or 25°C, 12h L:12h D photoperiod) the volume of this depot increased in the autumn and decreased in the spring, suggesting an endogenous circannual pattern. Water-fat MRI revealed that throughout the year this depot is composed of ∼40% lipid, similar to brown adipose tissue (BAT). During arousal from torpor, thermal images showed higher surface temperatures near this depot before the rest of the head warmed, suggesting a thermoregulatory function. This depot, however, does not contain uncoupling protein 1, a BAT biomarker, or uncoupling protein 3. Histology shows blood vessels in close proximity to each other, suggesting it may serve as a vascular rete, perhaps to preferentially warm the eye and brain during arousals.
Threshold effect in the H2O2 production of skeletal muscle mitochondria during fasting and refeeding
Authors: Roussel Damien , Boël Mélanie , Mortz Mathieu , Romestaing Caroline , Duchamp Claude , Voituron Yann
Published: January 2019

Under nutritional deprivation, the energetic benefits of reducing mitochondrial metabolism are often associated with enhanced harmful pro-oxidant effects and a subsequent long-term negative impact on cellular integrity. However, the flexibility of mitochondrial functioning under stress has rarely been explored during the transition from basal non-phosphorylating to maximal phosphorylating oxygen consumption. Here, we experimentally tested whether ducklings (Cairina moschata) fasted for 6 days and thereafter refed for 3 days, exhibited modifications to their mitochondrial fluxes, i.e. oxygen consumption, ATP synthesis, reactive oxygen species generation (ROS) and associated ratios, such as the electron leak (% ROS/O) and the oxidative cost of ATP production (% ROS/ATP). This was done at different steady state rate of oxidative phosphorylation in both pectoralis (glycolytic) and gastrocnemius (oxidative) muscles. Fasting induced a decrease in the rates of oxidative phosphorylation and maximal ROS release. All these changes were completely reversed by 3 days of refeeding. Yet, the fundamental finding of the present study is the existence of a clear threshold in ROS release and associated ratios, which remained low until a low level of mitochondrial activity is reached (30-40% of maximal oxidative phosphorylation activity).
Eco-evolutionary dynamics in a disturbed world: implications for the maintenance of ecological networks
Authors: Loeuille Nicolas
Published: January 2019

Past management of exploited species and of conservation issues has often ignored the evolutionary dynamics of species. During the 70s and 80s, evolution was mostly considered a slow process that may be safely ignored for most management issues. However, in recent years, examples of fast evolution have accumulated, suggesting that time scales of evolutionary dynamics (variations in genotype frequencies) and of ecological dynamics (variations in species densities) are often largely comparable, so that complex feedbacks commonly exist between the ecological and the evolutionary context (“eco-evolutionary dynamics”). While a first approach is of course to consider the evolution of a given species, in ecological communities, species are interlinked by interaction networks. In the present article, I discuss how species (co)evolution in such a network context may alter our understanding and predictions for species coexistence, given the disturbed world we live in. I review some concepts and examples suggesting that evolution may enhance the robustness of ecological networks and then show that, in many situations, the reverse may also happen, as evolutionary dynamics can harm diversity maintenance in various ways. I particularly focus on how evolution modifies indirect effects in ecological networks, then move to coevolution and discuss how the outcome of coevolution for species coexistence depends on the type of interaction (mutualistic or antagonistic) that is considered. I also review examples of phenotypes that are known to be important for ecological networks and shown to vary rapidly given global changes. Given all these components, evolution produces indirect eco-evolutionary effects within networks that will ultimately influence the optimal management of the current biodiversity crisis.
Nurses' perspectives on the personal and professional impact of providing nurse-led primary palliative care in outpatient oncology settings
Authors: Feldenzer Kaitlin , Rosenzweig Margaret , Soodalter Jesse A , Schenker Yael
Published: January 2019

Background:

Palliative care (PC) workforce shortages have led to a need for primary PC provided by non-specialists. The Care Management by Oncology Nurses (CONNECT) intervention provides infusion room oncology nurses with training and support to provide primary PC.

Aims:

To describe nurses' perspectives on the personal and professional impact of training and provision of primary PC as part of CONNECT.

Methods:

This qualitative study consisted of in-depth telephone interviews with 11 nurses at oncology practices in Pennsylvania. Data was analysed using qualitative content analysis.

Findings:

Nurses reported a sense of personal and professional fulfillment from providing primary PC, while noting the risk of increased emotional attachment to patients. Participation improved nursing communication skills. A supportive workplace helped to minimise stress related to incorporating primary PC into busy treatment schedules.

Conclusion:

Providing primary PC challenges the task-oriented paradigm of nursing practice and will potentially alter the professional roles and workloads of infusion room nurses.
Investigating sound: Visual and aural style from Broadchurch to Gracepoint
Authors: Keeler Amanda
Published: January 2019

Using Broadchurch and its American version Gracepoint as a case study, this article explores the aesthetic relationship between these two television programmes through an analysis of their visual and aural styles. The increasing proliferation of television-to-television adaptations and remakes necessitates revisiting the terminology to assess how it accommodates methodological approaches that extend beyond cross-cultural analyses. As narrative content and style are inextricably connected, this article attends to the complexity of employing existing terms to analyse the new version of a programme that simultaneously replicates and departs from the style and tone of its predecessor.
Development of Beef Cattle Innovation through “Field Laboratory” Approach
Authors: Romjali Endang
Published: January 2019

Economic growth in rural areas can be achieved by increasing the productivity of agricultural businesses. Beef cattle breeding farm is managed by small holder farmers with limited ownership integrated with other agricultural activities. This paper aims to provide information on developing beef cattle innovation at farm level through field laboratory (FL) approach or demonstration plot and direct participation with farmers. The development of cattle farming innovation at farm level is limited, hence it is needed to improve the competitiveness of agricultural businesses. Field laboratory is a model for accelerating technology transfer to farmers. The introduction of innovation in beef cattle through LL can be adopted by farmers resulted in increasing the productivity of beef cattle and added value of livestock businesses. For sustainability of technological application it is required supporting facilities and infrastructure such as institutional that provide production and marketing facilities.
Edouard Séguin - jeszcze jeden zapomniany geniusz
Authors: Fetzki Tomasz
Published: January 2019

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Państwo a wychowanie. Idee - mity - stereotypy, praca zbiorowa pod red. ks. Andrzeja Dymera i Tomasza Sikorskiego, Centrum Edukacyjne Archidiecezji Szczecińsko-Kamieńskiej i Instytut Pedagogiki Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego, Szczecin 2005, ss. 341
Authors: Jamrożek Wiesław
Published: January 2019

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Poznań, maj 2007 - ogólnopolska konferencja naukowa nt. „Mężczyzna w rodzinie - ewolucja ról w kulturze polskiej (od średniowiecza do XX wieku)”
Authors: . .
Published: January 2019

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KOBIETA I RODZINA W EPIGRAMACH MARCJALISA
Authors: Partyka Daria
Published: January 2019

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Z punktu widzenia literatury
Authors: Donald Merlin
Published: January 2019

Based on the analysis of a fragment of Henry James’s novel The Bostonians, the article deals with the ways in which literary fiction explores and reveals how human consciousness works.
Historia sztuki i medycyna
Authors: Kędziora Łukasz
Published: January 2019

The article Art history and medicine concerns selected aspects of the Medicine in art exhibition, taking place at the Museum of Contemporary Art in Kraków (MOCAK) between 22nd April and 22nd October 2016. The author discusses the issue of medicine with regard to its mechanisms that let us create and perceive art. This reflection includes a historical overview of the “medically-oriented” art research. Another significant aspect constitutes the attempt to explain by the tools associated with neuroaesthetics, why the viewers are likely to look at some drastic images created by artists with such willingness and involvement. The analysis refers to texts by D. Freedberg, V. Gallese, A. Damasio, P. Przybysz, and others. It also includes interpretations of the photohraph Seated anatomical model by Zoe Leonard, as well as the Medical Kit installation by Wilhelm Sasnal.
Crystal structure of diaqua-dichlorido-bis(μ3-6,6′-(hydrazine-1,2-diylidenebis(methanylylidene))bis(2-methoxyphenolato)κ6
O,N:N′,O′,O′:O′′)trizinc(II) - ethanol (1/2), C36H44Cl2N4O12Zn3
Authors: Tan Yuye , Huang Junjie , Lu Hui , Sun Jianhua
Published: January 2019

C36H44Cl2N4O12Zn3, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 8.3378(8) Å, b = 21.188(2) Å, c = 22.802(2) Å, Z = 4, V = 4028.3(7) Å3, R
gt(F) = 0.0513, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1193, T = 296(2) K.
Nichtinvasive Temperaturüberwachung in Gewebephantomen durch ortsaufgelöste Messung der Longitudinalwellengeschwindigkeit mittels Ultraschall-Annular-Arrays
Authors: Wolf Mario , Juhrig Andrè , Rath Katharina , Krujatz Felix , Kühnicke Elfgard
Published: January 2019

Bei Hyperthermiebehandlungen ist eine ortsaufgelöste Temperaturüberwachung für eine erfolgreiche Krebstherapie notwendig. Dieser Beitrag stellt ein Verfahren vor, das es erlaubt, nicht nur relative Temperaturänderungen zu erfassen, sondern eine konkrete Zuordnung einer Temperatur zu einem Messpunkt durchzuführen. Mithilfe von Ultraschall-Annular-Arrays wird die Longitudinalwellengeschwindigkeit in Gewebephantomen gemessen. Die aufgenommenen Signale werden synthetisch fokussiert und die Signalenergie bei Variation des Fokussierungsregimes ausgewertet. Die Funktionsfähigkeit und die erreichbare Genauigkeit werden anhand modelltheoretischer Betrachtungen bestätigt. Abschließend wird die Leistungsfähigkeit des Verfahrens anhand der Überwachung eines Heizvorgangs demonstriert.
Presynaptic Diversity Revealed by Ca2+-Permeable AMPA Receptors at the Calyx of Held Synapse
Authors: Lujan Brendan , Dagostin Andre , von Gersdorff Henrique
Published: January 2019

GluA2-lacking Ca2+-permeable AMPARs (CP-AMPARs) play integral roles in synaptic plasticity and can mediate excitotoxic cellular signaling at glutamatergic synapses. However, the developmental profile of functional CP-AMPARs at the auditory brainstem remains poorly understood. Through a combination of electrophysiological and live-cell Ca2+imaging from mice of either sex, we show that the synaptic release of glutamate from the calyx of Held nerve terminal activates CP-AMPARs in the principal cells of the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body in the brainstem. This leads to significant Ca2+influx through these receptors before the onset of hearing at postnatal day 12 (P12). Using a selective open channel blocker of CP-AMPARs, IEM-1460, we estimate that ∼80% of the AMPAR population are permeable to Ca2+at immature P4–P5 synapses. However, after the onset of hearing, Ca2+influx through these receptors was greatly reduced. We estimate that CP-AMPARs comprise approximately 40% and 33% of the AMPAR population at P18–P22 and P30–P34, respectively. By quantifying the rate of EPSC block by IEM-1460, we found an increased heterogeneity in glutamate release probability for adult-like calyces (P30–P34). Using tetraethylammonium (TEA), a presynaptic potassium channel blocker, we show that the apparent reduction of CP-AMPARs in more mature synapses is not a consequence of presynaptic action potential (AP) speeding. Finally, through postsynaptic AP recordings, we show that inhibition of CP-AMPARs reduces spike fidelity in juvenile synapses, but not in more mature synapses. We conclude that the expression of functional CP-AMPARs declines over early postnatal development in the calyx of Held synapse.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe calyx of Held synapse is pivotal to the circuitry that computes sound localization. Postsynaptic Ca2+influx via AMPARs may be critical for signaling the maturation of this brainstem synapse. The GluA4 subunit may dominate the AMPAR complex at mature synapses because of its fast gating kinetics and large unitary conductance. The expectation is that AMPARs dominated by GluA4 subunits should be highly Ca2+permeable. However, we find that Ca2+-permeable AMPAR expression declines during postnatal development. Using the rate of EPSC block by IEM-1460, an open channel blocker of Ca2+-permeable AMPARs, we propose a novel method to determine glutamate release probability and uncover an increased heterogeneity in release probability for more mature calyces of Held nerve terminals.
Building a Parent Movement
Authors: Meadow Tey
Published: January 2019

This chapter introduces the two organizations responsible for the bulk of family advocacy work done during my research period. Begun by parents of transgender children, these organizations employed vastly different rhetorics in their education efforts and cultivated distinct presentations of self. Despite these often conflicting efforts at impression management, they aligned in certain key ways to create a movement distinct from earlier attempts by adult transgender people to secure social acceptance. Today’s parent movement is fundamentally a cisgender movement, and it suggests that today’s transgender children will look vastly different than those who came before them.