bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated with Disordered Eating Behaviors among Triathletes
Authors: Kennedy Samantha Fugate , Ley Alyse Folino , Fugate Brianna Nicole , Hayek Alexander
Published: February 2021

CONTEXT

Although there is little data currently available concerning the primary factors associated with disordered eating behaviors among triathletes, these athletes may be at greater risk. Sports medicine professionals are in a unique position to identify athletes with disordered eating risks.

METHODS

The purpose of this cross-sectional survey study was to identify the prevalence of disordered eating attitudes and behaviors among a national convenience sample of triathletes. A secondary purpose was to identify “triathlon-specific factors” and “competitive athlete-factors” potentially associated with disordered eating behaviors. The authors hypothesized that certain triathlon-specific factors and competitive athlete factors would be associated with increased rates of self-reported disordered eating behaviors.

RESULTS

In a respondent sample of 1,033 adults, multiple competitive athlete factors were associated with a higher risk for disordered eating, whereas triathlon-specific factors were not.

CONCLUSIONS

In this study sample, disordered eating was not specifically associated with triathlon-specific factors. Rather, disordered eating behaviors were found to be more often associated with associated competitive athlete factors, particularly in the many leanness sports such as running.
Removal of Misplaced Left Ventricular Single Lead Pacemaker in a Patient Presenting with Recurrent Transient Ischemic Attacks
Authors: Hinojos Andrew , Ilg Karl
Published: February 2021

Over 200,000 cardiac electronic implantable devices are annually placed in individuals living within the United States. Complications from this procedure can range up to 12%. Inadvertent lead placement into the left ventricle is a rare but recognized complication of implantable cardiac electronic devices. This is a retrospective case report of a female patient in her late 70’s who underwent atrioventricular node ablation and misplacement of single lead pacemaker, subsequently presenting with recurrent transient ischemic attacks one month later. Initial electrocardiogram and chest X-ray demonstrated misplacement of her pacemaker in the left ventricle. Medical therapy was attempted, however, patient subsequently underwent extraction via aortotomy with implantation of epicardial pacemaker. Inadvertent placement of implantable electronic cardiac devices is a rare but well recognized complication. A post-procedure electrocardiogram and chest X-ray should be routinely performed to confirm appropriate lead placement. Procedures to manage this complication are evolving with novel device therapies specifically designed for percutaneous lead extraction.
Laparoscopic Paraesophageal Hernia Reduction with Two Point Fixation via Ponsky PEG Tube in a Patient in their early 90s
Authors: Petzinger Catherine , Parmely John
Published: February 2021

Paraesphageal hernia (PEH) repairs have been historically controversial due to widely variable clinician opinions. However, there is little research regarding the use of PEH reduction and gastropexy via a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube. Guidelines by the Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons do advise that the use of gastropexy alone is a valid option in patients with high risk of morbidity and mortality, but is associated with high hernia recurrence rates. A male in his early 90s presented with a six-week history of dysphagia, regurgitation and a 30- pound weight loss. Imaging revealed a large PEH and the entire stomach within the thoracic cavity. Despite the patient’s age and significant risk factors, it was determined that he required surgical intervention due to the severity of his symptoms. The safest course of action was reduction of PEH with two-point gastric fixation, rather than a prolonged repair of the hiatus or mesh implant. Due to the patient’s significant surgical risks, it was determined that the safest surgical approach would be laparoscopic reduction with dual gastropexy via PEG tube gastropexy. This approach was quick, without encroachment into the mediastinum and avoided any complications that mesh implantation could have posed. Gastropexy is a relatively simple technique with minimal tissue dissection that is tolerated well in elderly patients or those with decreased cardiac and pulmonary status. Regardless of the surgical PEH approach, there are inherent hernia recurrence rates
Factors Influencing Length of Stay in Cholecystectomy Patients in a Community Hospital
Authors: Zipple Monica , Slama Eliza , Wilkie James , Kieninger Alicia , Robinson Robert
Published: February 2021

CONTEXT

Gallstone disease is a major health problem addressed by general surgeons, with approximate incidence of 10-15% in the Western world. With increasing focus in the healthcare literature on cost containment, controlling excess lengths of hospital stay (LOS) in this population is paramount. The aim of this study was to determine the factors that influence LOS in cholecystectomy patients to examine whether results would indicate a possible improvement in perioperative patient care and decrease costs at our community hospital in a suburban setting.

METHODS

This is a retrospective review during a two-year period from 1/1/2013-12/31/2014 of patients admitted from the emergency department and undergoing cholecystectomy during the same admission. The study team analyst conducted univariate analysis for significant predictors of length of stay.

RESULTS

The authors identified a total analytic sample of 312 subjects who met inclusion criteria. Sample patients admitted to the surgical service had a statistically significant shorter LOS than those patients who were not (3.4 days +/- 1.7 vs 5.6 days +/- 3.0; p value <0.0005). There was also a moderate positive correlation between decreased time to surgery and LOS (Pearson R-value 0.420, p value < 0.0005). Patients admitted to non-surgical services were more likely to have comorbidities like COPD, DM, arrhythmia, CAD, anticoagulation, CHF and previous abdominal surgeries. However, when placing each comorbidity into an analysis of covariance, patients admitted to surgical services still had a significantly shorter LOS (p value < 0.0005).

CONCLUSIONS

Admission to a non-surgical service and increased length of time to surgical intervention were associated with prolonged LOS and potentially increased cost in cholecystectomy patients in this study sample. Though patients admitted to non-surgical services are “sicker,” they still had prolonged LOS when controlling for comorbidities. Based on these findings, the establishment of an acute care surgery service may help to address this disparity in care.
Alpha 1 Antitrypsin Deficiency, Two Cases of Heterozygous S and Clayton Null Alleles
Authors: Rosenbaum Eric M. , Chapaton-Rivard Elisabeth , Overdorf Colleen
Published: February 2021

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a disorder that can lead to early onset lung and liver disease and is considered to be underdiagnosed. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the importance of early detection using genotyping of AATD by presenting two very rare cases of this disorder and to remind clinicians to maintain a high level of suspicion for this disorder. Two unrelated patients presented to different pulmonology offices in Grand Blanc, MI and were screened for AATD for different reasons. Testing for both patients included alpha-1 antitrypsin enzyme levels, phenotyping, and genotyping. Both individuals were heterozygotes for S allele and Q0Clayton allele. The Q0Clayton allele is a very rare Null allele that is defined this way because these individuals do not produce any alpha-1 antitrypsin. These cases highlight the need for early testing of patients with risk factors for AATD. Also demonstrated is the need to include genotype testing to accurately identify the risk of developing emphysema and cirrhosis. Lower morbidity and mortality may result if AATD is detected early.
The Statewide Campus System Scholarly Activity Developmental Planning Framework for Community-Based GME Leaders
Authors: Corser William , Church Brandy , Rohrer Jonathan , Hortos Kari
Published: February 2021

CONTEXT

During recent years, Graduate Medical Education (GME) leaders in the United States of America have witnessed many substantive changes, including movement to a single accreditation system under the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. Both MD- and DO-trained residents and faculty must now meet an increasingly stringent set of accreditation standards outlined in Next Accreditation System standards. Specifically, updated scholarly activity standards emphasize a consistent volume and quantity of quality improvement/research projects and dissemination products. The GME literature to date has frequently provided general commentaries regarding individual project strategies or oriented to settings with greater project-related resources. There have also been few articles offering scholarly activity planning strategies for community-based GME officials striving to increase scholarly activity levels.

PROPOSED PLANNING FRAMEWORK

The authors propose a customizable assessment-planning framework, largely derived from their combined decades of consultation experiences with hundreds of community-based resident and faculty projects. The authors will first describe the primary elements of their proposed scholarly activity planning approach for GME leaders so often subject to worsening resource constraints. They will describe six ongoing developmental strategies with several exemplars described. Such a framework will likely require ongoing reassessments and modification.

CONCLUSIONS

The authors hope that this proposed planning framework will offer GME administrators, faculty and residents with a pragmatic set of strategies to develop scholarly activity projects and supports. Ideally, GME leaders can use this approach to inform their design of a sustainable system-customized infrastructure of scholarly activity supports.
Colloid Cyst at the Foramen of Monro Leading to Symptomatic Obstructive Hydrocephalus
Authors: Shah Pratik , Flynn Joseph
Published: February 2021

A Caucasian female in her late forties presented to the Emergency Department (ED) with headache, ataxia, and mental status changes. A CT brain demonstrated dilated lateral ventricles with transependymal edema. An MRI of the brain demonstrated marked obstructive hydrocephalus from an obstructing colloid cyst at the level of her Foramen of Monro. The patient was transferred to a tertiary care center for neurosurgical removal of the cyst. Three months later, the patient was doing well and had resumed all activities of daily living without any residual neurological deficits. The goal of this case report is to educate readers on this atypical presentation of hydrocephalus, its symptomatology, and management to allow physicians to be more comfortable in making treatment decisions.
Systematic Review of the Effects of Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors and Dexamethasone on High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE)
Authors: Bliss Amy , Mahajan Sonia , Boehm Kevin M.
Published: February 2021

OBJECTIVE

To review and synthesize the current available evidence of the effects of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors and dexamethasone on the outcomes of individuals affected by acute mountain sickness symptoms and High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE).

METHODS

In 2015, two authors independently performed separate searches using three different databases (PubMed, Ovid and Web of Science) later reviewed by the third author. The searches used the following terms “High Altitude Pulmonary Edema” and “Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors” while the second search used “High Altitude Pulmonary Edema” and “Dexamethasone”. The following exclusion criteria were utilized: patients < 18 years old, non-human studies, studies at altitudes < 2,000 meters. The search included articles from year 2000 to current.

RESULTS

A total of 237 manuscripts were initially reviewed. The search involving phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors initially yielded 37 manuscripts, four of which met inclusion criteria. A total of 101 patients were included in these articles. For the Dexamethasone search, 200 manuscripts were retrieved. Three of these studies met the inclusion criteria, reporting data on a total of 66 patients. None of the studies reported significant improvements in outcomes of patients from the use of either phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors or dexamethasone.

CONCLUSIONS

According to the current available literature, neither phosphodiesterase -5 inhibitors or dexamethasone significantly alter the outcome of individuals affected by HAPE.
When Snoring isn’t just Snoring: Primary Nasopharyngeal Mantle Cell Lymphoma - A Rare Pathology in the Nasopharynx.
Authors: Keidar Eytan , Vu Quynh-Nhu , Shermetaro Carl
Published: February 2021

Snoring is a common complaint in the primary care and otolaryngology clinic with a wide differential diagnosis. Primary nasopharyngeal mantle cell lymphoma is a rare cause of a nasopharyngeal mass, which can commonly manifest as snoring. The patient in this case presented with extensive history of recent worsening snoring as well as nasal congestion over the past several months. Additionally, the patient had previously undergone endoscopic sinus surgery several years prior but was lost to follow up. During nasal endoscopy, a nasopharyngeal mass was visualized with near-complete obstruction of the nasal airway. Intraoperative biopsies indicated MCL which is an uncommon pathology presenting in a rare location. Flow cytometry of the biopsy specimen was CD19+, CD20+, CD5+, and positive for lambda light chains with immunohistochemistry showed strong diffuse cyclin D1 nuclear staining on lymphoid cells. PET/CT and bone marrow biopsy were essential in staging disease, predicting success of treatment, and determining optimal treatment planning. Once the diagnosis was established, R-CHOP therapy alternating with R-DHAP for a total of six cycles. This case report highlights the importance of recognizing new or changing symptoms, appropriate diagnostic workup for lymphoma, as well as one of few case reports describing primary nasopharyngeal mantle cell lymphoma.
Radiation Dose Reduction of Computed Tomography in Complex Distal Femur Fractures: A Cadaver Study to Develop a Low Dose Scanning Protocol
Authors: O'Neill Nicholas , Wisniewski Samuel J. , Adams Michael , Peters James , Wagner Michael
Published: February 2021

CONTEXT

Recent advances in diagnostic imaging have made computed tomography (CT) a widely used test in trauma patients. Consequently, the collective radiation burdened sustained by this patient population has increased substantially. The purpose of this cadaveric study was to determine if a significantly lowered CT radiation dose protocol would provide adequate imaging studies for the surgeon, using the distal femur as a model.

METHODS

Ten adult cadaveric knee specimens were used to create Orthopaedic Trauma Association (AO/OTA) 33-C3 distal femur fractures with associated coronal plane Hoffa fractures and varying intra-articular displacements. Using a single CT scanner, each cadaver was scanned at 5 separate protocols defined by sequentially lowered radiation doses, the highest of which was one-third the value of our institution’s current protocol. These images were then evaluated by fellowship-trained orthopedic surgeons, an orthopedic trauma fellow, and residents. Observer reliability and confidence levels were calculated for measuring fracture displacement, assessing the quality of 3D reconstructions, and developing treatment plans.

RESULTS

Across all reviewers and specimens, there was an average difference of 0.66 millimeters (mm) between the measured fracture gap and true fracture gap. The highest intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) calculated for the inter-rater reliability of gap measurements was 0.983 at 75 mAs (95% CI: 0.955-0.996), followed by 0.973 (95% CI: 0.930-0.993) and 0.958 (95% CI: 0.896-0.988) at 15 mAs and 60 mAs, respectively. All 3D reconstructions obtained at 75 mAs and 45 mAs values (N = 8) were of acceptable imaging quality to all reviewers, while only 3 of 4 3D reconstructions obtained at 15 mAs were considered acceptable. There was no difference in treatment plans across all reviewers, regardless of radiation dose.

CONCLUSIONS

In summary, our results indicate that CT scans of complex distal femur fractures at one-third the amount of radiation exposure may provide adequate imaging necessary to develop an appropriate treatment plan. At significantly lowered doses, the reviewers were able to accurately measure the amount of fracture displacement and identify the presence of each Hoffa fracture. Future studies are necessary to compare this protocol’s diagnostic capacity and limitations in evaluating complex fractures with that of our institution’s standard protocol in a clinical setting.
Analisa Sistem Pencatatan Dan Monitoring Piutang Leasing
Authors: Tantik Sumarlin
Published: February 2021

This research was made with the aim to help companies in controlling receivables. The study was conducted on companies engaged in the sale and purchase of motorcycles. These companies act as suppliers of goods and collaborate with credit financing institutions or what is commonly called leasing. Every credit sale will form a lease receivable that must be paid by the related leasing party. In general, many receivables have not been paid from the due date of the agreement. This impedes the company's financial productivity. From these problems, researchers create a system that can be used to meet the needs of the company, in relation to receivables. Researchers create a system that can improve performance to be more effective and dynamic, especially to record the daily control of receivables, namely by using the Leasing Accounts Recording and Monitoring System.  

The design of recording and monitoring systems for receivables is made using the direct recording method. Systems development methods using the R & D. Method stages in the R & D method include potential problems, information gathering, product design, design validation, design improvement, product testing, product revision, trial use, mass product manufacturing. The design of a monitoring system for leasing receivables billing, can help companies control receivables. Leasing Receivables Recording and Monitoring System can minimize receivables losses.
SISTEM INFORMASI TRY OUT MANDIRI UNBK BERBASIS WEB MENGGUNAKAN METODE LINEAR CONGRUENT PADA KELOMPOK KERJA MADRASAH (KKM) MTS N 2 DEMAK
Authors: Diapoldo silalahi Fujiama , Firman Murtadlo
Published: February 2021

Abstract The try out process is an exam simulation exercise every year before the National Examination conducted by school institutions. The main objective of this exercise is as an effort of school institutions to prepare students to get maximum scores on the National Examination. Madrasah Working Group (KKM) of MTs 2 Demak is a body within the Ministry of Religion which fosters coordinative cooperative relations between Demak MTs 2 and private Madrasahs in the area of Demak 2 MTs. So far the Try Out system at the KKM level still uses manual procedures and is still off line using paper. As a result of this system, there are still delays in the distribution of questions and reports at the central level. In making Try Out questions, randomization of questions only uses the package method questions A, B and C, so there are still students who give each other answers. LCM (linear congruent method) is a method of generating random numbers on the Try Out. The principle of this method is where the form of the LCM number as the scrambler of the question, including increament (c), modulus (m), multiplier (a), and initial value (Z0), which has provisions: c = 0 ≤ c <m, m = 0 <m, a = 0 <a <m, and Z0 = 0 ≤ Z0 <m. Making this application using the PHP programming language and database used is MySql with the R & D system development method according to Borg and Gall, including: Research and information collecting, Planning, Develop prelminary form of product, Preliminary field testing, Main product revision, Main field testing , Operational product revision, Operational field testing, Final product revision, Dissemination and implementation. Madrasah Working Group (KKM) Demak MTs 2 in conducting a try out system still uses the manual offline method and the problem scrambler is only limited to packages A, B, and C, then with the Try Out Information System the web-based KKM level is expected to facilitate parties KKM and tighten students to avoid fraud.
Insights into particulate matter pollution in the North China Plain during wintertime: local contribution or regional transport?
Authors: Wu Jiarui , Bei Naifang , Wang Yuan , Li Xia , Liu Suixin , Liu Lang , Wang Ruonan , Yu Jiaoyang , Le Tianhao , Zuo Min , Shen Zhenxing , Cao Junji , Tie Xuexi , Li Guohui
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Accurate identification and quantitative source apportionment of fine particulate matter
(PM2.5) provide an important prerequisite for design and implementation of emission
control strategies to reduce PM pollution. Therefore, a source-oriented version of the WRF-Chem
model is developed in the study to conduct source apportionment of PM2.5 in the North China
Plain (NCP). A persistent and heavy haze event that occurred in the NCP from 5 December 2015 to
4 January 2016 is simulated using the model as a case study to quantify PM2.5
contributions of local emissions and regional transport. Results show that local and nonlocal
emissions contribute 36.3 % and 63.7 % of the PM2.5 mass in Beijing during the
haze event on average. When Beijing's air quality is excellent or good in terms of hourly
PM2.5 concentrations, local emissions dominate the PM2.5 mass, with
contributions exceeding 50 %. However, when the air quality is severely polluted, the
PM2.5 contribution of nonlocal emissions is around 75 %. Nonlocal emissions
also dominate Tianjin's air quality, with average PM2.5 contributions exceeding
65 %. The PM2.5 level in Hebei and Shandong is generally controlled by local
emissions, but in Henan, local and nonlocal emissions play an almost equivalent role in the
PM2.5 level, except when the air quality is severely polluted, with nonlocal
PM2.5 contributions of over 60 %. Additionally, the primary aerosol species are
generally dominated by local emissions, with the average contribution exceeding 50 %. However,
the source apportionment of secondary aerosols shows more evident regional
characteristics. Therefore, except for cooperation with neighboring provinces to carry out strict
emission mitigation measures, reducing primary aerosols is a priority to alleviate PM
pollution in the NCP, especially in Beijing and Tianjin.
Polarization lidar for detecting dust orientation: System design and
calibration
Authors: Tsekeri Alexandra , Amiridis Vassilis , Louridas Alexandros , Georgoussis George , Freudenthaler Volker , Metallinos Spiros , Doxastakis George , Gasteiger Josef , Siomos Nikolaos , Paschou Peristera , Georgiou Thanasis , Tsaknakis George , Evangelatos Christos , Binietoglou Ioannis
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Dust orientation is an ongoing investigation in recent years. Its potential proof will be a paradigm shift for dust remote sensing, invalidating the currently used simplifications of randomly-oriented particles. Vertically-resolved measurements of dust orientation can be acquired with a polarization lidar designed to target the off-diagonal elements of the backscatter matrix which are non-zero only when the particles are oriented. Building on previous studies, we constructed a lidar system emitting linearly- and elliptically-polarized light at 1064 nm and detecting the linear and circular polarization of the backscattered light. Its measurements provide direct flags of dust orientation, as well as more detailed information of the particle microphysics. The system also employs the capability to acquire measurements at varying viewing angles. Moreover, in order to achieve good signal-to-noise-ratio in short measurement times the system is equipped with two laser sources emitting in interleaved fashion, and two telescopes for detecting the backscattered light from both lasers. Herein we provide a description of the optical and mechanical parts of this new lidar system, the scientific and technical objectives of its design, and the calibration methodologies tailored for the measurements of oriented dust particles. We also provide the first measurements of the system.
Sensitivity of Aeolus HLOS winds to temperature and pressure
specification in the L2B processor
Authors: Šavli Matic , Pourret Vivien , Payan Christophe , Mahfouf Jean-François
Published: February 2021

Abstract. The retrieval of wind from the first Doppler wind lidar of Europen Space Agency (ESA) launched in space in August 2018 is based on a series of corrections necessary to provide observations of a quality useful for Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP). In this paper we examine properties of the Rayleigh-Brillouin correction necessary for the retrieval of horizontal line-of-sight wind (HLOS) from a Fabry-Perot interferometer. This correction is taking into account the atmospheric stratification, namely temperature and pressure information that are provided by a NWP model as suggested prior launch. Since NWP models contain errors the main goal in the study is to evaluate the impact of these errors on the HLOS sensitivity by comparing the Integrated Forecast System (IFS) and Action de Recherche Petite Echelle Grande Echelle (ARPEGE) global model temperature and pressure short term forecasts collocated with the Aeolus orbit. The model error is currently not taken into account in the computation of the HLOS error estimate since its contribution is believed small. This study largely confirms this statement to be a valid assumption, although it also shows that model errors could locally (i.e. jet-stream regions, below 700 hPa over both earth poles and as well in stratosphere) be significant. For a future Aeolus follow-on missions this study suggests to consider realistic estimations of model errors in the HLOS retrieval algorithms, since this will lead to an improved estimation of the Rayleigh-Brillouin sensitivity uncertainty contributing to the HLOS error estimate and better exploitation of space lidar winds in NWP systems.
Biotic and abiotic transformation of amino acids in cloud water: experimental studies and atmospheric implications
Authors: Jaber Saly , Joly Muriel , Brissy Maxence , Leremboure Martin , Khaled Amina , Ervens Barbara , Delort Anne-Marie
Published: February 2021

Abstract. The interest in organic nitrogen and particularly in quantifying and
studying the fate of amino acids (AAs) has been growing in the atmospheric-science community. However very little is known about biotic and abiotic transformation mechanisms of amino acids in clouds. In this work, we measured the biotransformation rates of 18 amino acids with
four bacterial strains (Pseudomonas graminis PDD-13b-3, Rhodococcus enclensis PDD-23b-28, Sphingomonas sp. PDD-32b-11, and Pseudomonas syringae PDD-32b-74) isolated from cloud water and representative of this
environment. At the same time, we also determined the abiotic (chemical, OH
radical) transformation rates within the same solutions mimicking the
composition of cloud water. We used a new approach by UPLC–HRMS (ultra-performance liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry) to quantify
free AAs directly in the artificial-cloud-water medium without concentration
and derivatization. The experimentally derived transformation rates were used to compare their
relative importance under atmospheric conditions with loss rates based on kinetic data of amino acid oxidation in the aqueous phase. This analysis shows that previous estimates overestimated the
abiotic degradation rates and thus underestimated the lifetime of amino
acids in the atmosphere, as they only considered loss processes but did not
take into account the potential transformation of amino acids into each
other.
Evaluation of INCA precipitation analysis using a very dense rain
gauge network in southeast Austria
Authors: Ghaemi Esmail , Foelsche Ulrich , Kann Alexander , Fuchsberger Jürgen
Published: February 2021

Abstract. An accurate estimate of precipitation is essential to improve the reliability of hydrological models and helps for decision-making in agriculture and economy. Merged radar–rain-gauge products provide precipitation estimates at high spatial and temporal resolution. In this study, we assess the ability of the INCA (Integrated Nowcasting through Comprehensive Analysis) precipitation analysis product provided by ZAMG (the Austrian Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics) in detecting and estimating precipitation for 12 years in southeast Austria. The blended radar–rain-gauge INCA precipitation analyses are evaluated using WegenerNet – a very dense rain gauge network with about 1 station per 2 km2 – as true precipitation. We analyze annual, seasonal, and extreme precipitation of the 1 km × 1 km INCA product and its development from 2007 to 2018. Based on the results, the performance of INCA can be divided into three different periods. From 2007 to 2011, the annual area-mean precipitation in INCA was slightly higher than WegenerNet, except in 2009. However, INCA underestimates precipitation in grid cells farther away from the two ZAMG meteorological stations in the study area (which are used as input for INCA), especially from May to September (wet season). From 2012 to 2014, INCA's overestimation of the annual-mean precipitation amount is even higher, with an average of 25 %, but INCA performs better close to the two ZAMG stations. From 2015 onwards, the overestimation is still dominant in most cells but less pronounced than during the second period, with an average of 12.5 %. Regarding precipitation detection, INCA performs better during the wet seasons. Generally, false events in INCA happen less frequently in the cells closer to the ZAMG stations than in other cells. The number of true events, however, is comparably low closer to the ZAMG stations. The difference between INCA and WegenerNet estimates is more noticeable for extremes. We separate individual events using a 1-hour minimum inter-event time (MIT) and demonstrate that INCA underestimates the events' peak intensity until 2012 and overestimates this value after mid-2012 in most cases. The overestimation of the peak-intensity is more pronounced during July. In general, the precipitation rate and the number of grid cells with precipitation are higher in INCA. Furthermore, 40 % of the individual events start earlier, and 50 % end later in INCA. Considering four extreme convective short-duration events, there is a time shift in peak intensity detection. The relative differences in the peak intensity in these events can change from approximately −40 % to 40 %. The results of this study can be used for further improvements of INCA products as well as for future hydrological studies in this area.
Tsunami propagation kernel and its applications
Authors: Shimozono Takenori
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Tsunamis rarely occur in a specific area, and their occurrence is highly uncertain. Generated from their sources in deep water, they occasionally undergo tremendous amplification over decreasing water depth to devastate low-lying coastal areas. Despite the advancement of computational power and simulation algorithms, there is a need for novel and rigorous approaches to efficiently predict coastal amplification of tsunamis during different disaster management phases, such as tsunami risk assessment and real-time forecast. This study presents convolution kernels that can instantly predict onshore waveforms of water surface elevation and flow velocity from observed/simulated wavedata apart from the shore. Kernel convolution involves isolating an incident-wave component from the offshore wavedata and transforming it into the onshore waveform. Moreover, unlike previous derived ones, the present kernels are based on shallow-water equations with a damping term and can account for tsunami attenuation on its path to the shore with a damping parameter. Kernel convolution can be implemented at a low computational cost compared to conventional numerical models that discretise the spatial domain. The prediction capability of the kernel method was demonstrated through application to real-world tsunami cases.
An exploratory modelling study of perennial firn aquifers in the Antarctic Peninsula for the period 1979–2016
Authors: van Wessem J. Melchior , Steger Christian R. , Wever Nander , van den Broeke Michiel R.
Published: February 2021

Abstract. In this study, we focus on the model detection in the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) of so-called perennial firn aquifers (PFAs) that are widespread in Greenland and Svalbard and are formed when surface meltwater percolates into the firn pack in summer, which is then buried by snowfall and does not refreeze during the following winter. We use two snow models, the Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht Firn Densification Model (IMAU-FDM) and SNOWPACK, and force these (partly) with mass and energy fluxes from the Regional Atmospheric Climate MOdel (RACMO2.3p2) to construct a 1979–2016 climatology of AP firn density, temperature, and liquid water content. An evaluation using 75 snow temperature observations at 10 m depth and density profiles from 11 firn cores shows that output of both snow models is sufficiently realistic to warrant further analysis of firn characteristics. The models give comparable results: in 941 model grid points in either model, covering ∼28 000 km2, PFAs existed for at least 1 year in the simulated period, most notably in the western AP. At these locations, surface meltwater production typically exceeds 200 mmw.e.yr-1, with accumulation for most locations >1000mmw.e.yr-1. Most persistent and extensive are PFAs modelled on and around Wilkins Ice Shelf. Here, both meltwater production and accumulation rates are sufficiently high to sustain a PFA on 49 % of the ice shelf area in (up to) 100 % (depending on the model) of the years in the 1979–2016 period. Although this PFA presence is confirmed by recent observations, its extent in the models appears underestimated. Other notable PFA locations are Wordie Ice Shelf, an ice shelf that has almost completely disappeared in recent decades, and the relatively warm north-western side of mountain ranges in Palmer Land, where accumulation rates can be extremely high, and PFAs are formed frequently. PFAs are not necessarily more frequent in areas with the largest melt and accumulation rates, but they do grow larger and retain more meltwater, which could increase the likelihood of ice shelf hydrofracturing. We find that not only the magnitude of melt and accumulation is important but also the timing of precipitation events relative to melt events. Large accumulation events that occur in the months following an above-average summer melt event favour PFA formation in that year. Most PFAs are predicted near the grounding lines of the (former) Prince Gustav, Wilkins, and Wordie ice shelves. This highlights the need to further investigate how PFAs may impact ice shelf disintegration events through the process of hydrofracturing in a similar way as supraglacial lakes do.
TanDEM-X PolarDEM 90 m of Antarctica: Generation and error
characterization
Authors: Wessel Birgit , Huber Martin , Wohlfart Christian , Bertram Adina , Osterkamp Nicole , Marschalk Ursula , Gruber Astrid , Reuß Felix , Abdullahi Sahra , Georg Isabel , Roth Achim
Published: February 2021

Abstract. We present the generation and validation of an updated version of the TanDEM-X Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of Antarctica: the TanDEM-X PolarDEM 90 m of Antarctica. Improvements compared to the global TanDEM-X DEM version include filling of gaps with newer acquisitions, interpolating of smaller voids, smoothing of noisy areas and replacing frozen or open sea areas with geoid undulations. For the latter, a new semi-automatic editing approach allowed the delineation of the coastline from DEM and amplitude data. Finally, the DEM was transformed into the cartographic Antarctic Polar Stereographic projection with a homogeneous metric spacing in northing and easting of 90 meters. As X-Band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) penetrates the snow and ice pack by several meters a new concept for absolute height adjustment was set up that relies on areas with stable penetration conditions and on ICESat (Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite) elevations. After DEM generation and editing, a sophisticated height error characterization of the whole Antarctic continent with ICESat and IceBridge data was carried out and a validation over blue ice achieved a mean vertical height error of just −0.3 m ± 2.5 m standard deviation. The filled and edited Antarctic TanDEM-X PolarDEM 90 m is outstanding due to its accuracy, homogeneity and coverage completeness. It is freely available for scientific purposes and provides a high-resolution dataset as basis for polar research, such as ice velocity, mass balance estimation or ortho-rectification.
Holocene sea-ice dynamics in Petermann Fjord
Authors: Detlef Henrieka , Reilly Brendan , Jennings Anne , Mørk Jensen Mads , O'Regan Matt , Glasius Marianne , Olsen Jesper , Jakobsson Martin , Pearce Christof
Published: February 2021

Abstract. The Petermann 2015 Expedition to Petermann Fjord and adjacent Hall Basin recovered a transect of cores from Nares Strait to under the 48 km long ice tongue of Petermann glacier, offering a unique opportunity to study ice-ocean-sea ice interactions at the interface of these realms. First results suggest that no ice tongue existed in Petermann Fjord for large parts of the Holocene, raising the question of the role of the ocean and the marine cryosphere in the collapse and re-establishment of the ice tongue. Here we use a multi-proxy approach (sea-ice related biomarkers, total organic carbon and its carbon isotopic composition, and benthic and planktonic foraminiferal abundances) to explore Holocene sea-ice dynamics at OD1507-03TC-41GC-03PC in outer Petermann Fjord. Our results are in line with a tight coupling of the marine and terrestrial cryosphere in this region and, in connection with other regional sea-ice reconstructions, give insights into the Holocene evolution of ice arches and associated landfast ice in Nares Strait. The late stages of the regional Holocene Thermal Maximum (5,500–6,900 cal yrs BP) were marked by reduced seasonal sea-ice concentrations in Nares Strait and the lack of ice arch formation. This was followed by a transitional period towards neoglacial cooling from 3,500–5,500 cal yrs BP, where a southern ice arch might have formed, but an early seasonal break-up and late formation likely caused a prolonged open water season and enhanced pelagic productivity in Nares Strait. Between 1,400 cal yrs BP and 3,500 cal yrs BP, regional records suggest the formation of a stable northern ice arch only, with a short period from 2,100–2,500 cal yrs BP where a southern ice arch might have persisted in response to atmospheric cooling spikes. A stable southern ice arch, or even double arching, is also inferred for the period after 1,400 cal yrs BP. Thus, both the inception of a small Petermann ice tongue at ~2,200 cal yrs BP and its rapid expansion at ~600 cal yrs BP are preceded by a transition towards a southern ice arch regime with landfast ice formation in Nares Strait, suggesting a stabilizing effect of landfast sea ice on Petermann Glacier.
La Guerra Civil Española en 'Crónica' (1929-1938) durante el primer año de contienda. Poética fotográfica como información y estrategia
Authors: De las Heras Herrero Beatriz
Published: February 2021

Para conseguir que la fotografía se convierta en fuente de análisis del pasado, es imprescindible trascender la faceta ilustrativa de lo visual. No es lo mismo reconocer motivos que interpretar imágenes. Interpretar obliga al lector visual a trascender la vista y proyectar la mirada, y este es el objetivo final del artículo. La proyección se hará sobre una colección concreta: las fotografías publicadas en el semario Crónica (1929-1938) desde julio hasta diciembre de 1936, coincidiendo con los seis primeros meses de la Guerra Civil Española. Y lo haremos con un método basado en tres fases: primero, catalogar, de forma individualizada, cada una de las 931 fotografías que coparon las páginas de la publicación en el periodo de estudio. Segundo, crear perfiles porcentuales basados en el resultado cuantitativo, con la intención de descubrir una tendencia. Tercero, interpretar este resultado para registrar aquellos comportamientos camuflados que nos permitan extraer una información que está en la propia instantánea pero se presenta como velada si aplicamos una mirada distraída.
MODELOS TEÓRICOS ATUAIS DA DISLEXIA DO DESENVOLVIMENTO - Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5212/OlharProfr.v.11i1.153168
Authors: Kajihara Olinda Teruko
Published: February 2021

A dislexia do desenvolvimento é um distúrbio neurológico, de base genética, e que prejudica, especificamente, a aprendizagem da leitura. A falta de precisão ou de fluência na leitura, observada na criança disléxica, não decorre de rebaixamento intelectual, de eficiências sensoriais ou de problemas pedagógicos, emocionais ou socioculturais. A dislexia do desenvolvimento começou a ser estudada no final do século XIX. Entretanto, os primeiros 90 anos de pesquisas forneceram poucas evidências da base biológica da dislexia e poucas informações sobre os processos de leitura da criança disléxica. Essa situação somente se modificou no final do século XX, em decorrência do desenvolvimento de técnicas de exame eletrofisiológicas e de neuroimagem, que levaram à elaboração de novos modelos teóricos. Assim sendo, neste artigo são apresentadas duas abordagens atuais da dislexia do desenvolvimento. A neuropsicologia cognitiva, que estuda os transtornos das funções cognitivas decorrentes de alterações estruturais e funcionais do cérebro, procura identificar os componentes do processo normal de leitura que estão danificados no disléxico. A teoria magnocelular propõe que as dificuldades de leitura do disléxico decorrem de um déficit no funcionamento das magnocélulas que compõem as vias aferentes visuais, que se estendem da retina até as áreas corticais do cérebro. As contribuições desses dois modelos teóricos para a compreensão da dislexia evidenciam a necessidade de os educadores se apropriarem do conhecimento que está sendo produzido pelas neurociências, visto que ele fornecerá os fundamentos necessários para a elaboração de programas educacionais destinados ao desenvolvimento da leitura dos alunos disléxicos.   Palavras-chave: Dislexia do desenvolvimento. Distúrbio de aprendizagem. Educação especial.
A QUESTÃO DA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES E O ENSINO DE ARTE NA ESCOLA BRASILEIRA: ALGUNS APONTAMENTOS - Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5212/OlharProfr.v.11i1.169182
Authors: Feldmann Marina Graziela
Published: February 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo desenvolver uma reflexão sobre algumas dimensões da formação de professores e sua relação com o ensino de arte na escola brasileira. Aborda-se, nele, o estudo da formação e atuação docente em sua estrita relação com o contexto sócio-político, econômico e cultural da sociedade contemporânea. O grande desafio que se impõe hoje para a formação de professores situa-se na compreensão das transformações que o mundo globalizado traz para a existência humana e para o conhecimento, alterando de forma significativa as políticas, estruturas e práticas educativas. Analisa-se, nesse cenário, o problema da articulação teoria e prática como aspecto nuclear na e para a formação de professores e para a escola brasileira. Discutem-se as diferentes terminologias utilizadas ao longo do tempo para designar a área de saber articulada entre arte e ensino, bem como as repercussões ocorridas em seu planejamento nas situações didáticas de aula na educação básica. Finaliza-se o artigo apontando para a atual valorização dessa área de saber, ao se mostrar como possibilidade de ser vista como forma de pensamento - base epistemológica tão importante na formação do aluno quanto as outras, na incessante luta pela ocupação do espaço territorial curricular da escola básica.
ESCRITA E ORALIDADE: HORA E VEZ DA FALA (WRITING AND SPEAKING: THE SPEAKING TIME) - Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5212/OlharProfr.v.11i2.403415
Authors: Emílio Aline Cacilda Koteski
Published: February 2021

Neste texto proponho-me, primeiramente, revisitar a história da escrita situando a oralidade; a seguir, com apoio da sociolinguística variacionista, refletir sobre alguns aspectos do funcionamento da língua oral bem como sobre a noção de erro; e, por fim, considerar e sugerir condições para um melhor aproveitamento e desenvolvimento da habilidade oral no ensino de língua materna.   Palavras-chave: Escrita. Oralidade. Ensino.   In this text, firstly I’d like to revisit written history situating orality, and secondly within the variational sociolinguistics support to reflect over a few aspects of the function of oral language as well as error notion, and at last, to consider and suggest conditions for a better advantage and development of the oral skill in mother tongue teaching.   Keywords: Written. Orality. Teaching.
LE VILLAGE ANARCHIE DANS UM AMOR ANARQUISTA, DE MIGUEL SANCHES NETO : L'(IM)POSSIBLE UTOPIE ANARCHISTE ENTRE REVE ET CAUCHEMAR - Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5212/OlharProfr.v.11i2.431473
Authors: Pereira João Carlos Vitorino
Published: February 2021

LE VILLAGE ANARCHIE DANS UM AMOR ANARQUISTA, DE MIGUEL SANCHES NETO : L’(IM)POSSIBLE UTOPIE ANARCHISTE ENTRE REVE ET CAUCHEMAR
CURRÍCULO E EDUCAÇÃO: ORIGENS, TENDÊNCIAS E PERSPECTIVAS NA SOCIEDADE CONTEMPORANEA - Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5212/OlharProfr.v.12i2.207231
Authors: Santos Adriana Regina , Casali Alípio Dias
Published: February 2021

A presente pesquisa, intitulada Currículo e Educação: origens, tendências e perspectivas na sociedade contemporânea, tem como objetivo fazer uma análise crítica em relação à origem e ao contexto do currículo, tendo como parâmetro o pensamento pedagógico brasileiro, podendo, dessa maneira, perceber as ideologias, valores e relações de poder presentes no contexto educacional, bem como suas implicações na formação do professor e no  cotidiano escolar. Para o desenvolvimento deste estudo, utilizou-se, como metodologia de pesquisa, a abordagem qualitativa, tendo como parâmetro a pesquisa bibliográfica. Por meio dele, foi possível perceber que o contexto histórico do currículo e do pensamento pedagógico brasileiro estão permeados de ideologias, relações de poder, valores e concepções diferenciadas em relação ao processo educacional como um todo. Isso posto, o discurso e a construção curricular no Mundo e no Brasil não se deram sob uma única ideologia, mas sob a influência de tendências, objetivos e interesses diferentes.
OS PARÂMETROS CURRICULARES NACIONAIS NO CONTEXTO DA REFORMA EDUCACIONAL BRASILEIRA - Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5212/OlharProfr.v.12i2.233256
Authors: Pasello Valente Silza Maria
Published: February 2021

O presente artigo tem como objeto de estudo o papel exercido pelos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (PCN) no contexto da Reforma Educacional Brasileira, atendo-se a fontes documentais e bibliográficas. Inicialmente aborda o significado de Diretrizes e Parâmetros no campo da Teoria do Currículo, em seguida historiciza o surgimento do arcabouço legal dos PCN e, por fim, analisa os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais das Séries Iniciais e Finais do Ensino Fundamental e os do Ensino Médio.