bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular diversity in Lactucaspeciesusing Isozymes and RAPD Markers
Authors: Sammour Reda H. Helmy , Mustafa A-Z. A.
Published: August 2021

Understanding of the molecular basis of genetic diversity in Lactucaaccessions is substantial for the management, improvementand efficient uses of Lactuca accessions. Therefore, this workaimed to evaluate molecular diversity among twenty-six accessions of Lactuca species usingisozymes and RAPD analyses. The polymorphic percentages were 87.09%and 100% in isozymes and RAPD analyses respectively, indicating a high genetic variation within and among Lactuca species. The number of alleles were higher in the wild species compared to the cultivated species, reflecting a reduction in the richness of alleles in the cultivated species due to domestication that caused a reduction in genetic diversity to meet the demand for high crop productivity.Isozymes and RAPD clustering dendrogrames: (1) separated,L. sativa accessions in more than one cluster confirming their polyphyletic origin; (2)collected the accessions of L. vimineain one cluster revealed its homogeneity; and (3) divided the accessions of L.saligna in two clusters varied in the number of alleles, particularly “A” form. The corresponding analysis associated the accessions of the wild species based on the alleles “B”of the tested isozymes and the cultivated species on alleles “A” and “C”, suggesting that: (1) allele “B” might be the primitive form of these loci that can tolerate the environmental stresses which prevails in the habitats of the wild species, and (2) “A” and “C” could be the derived forms. These results are of great interest for the management of Lactuca germplasm and for future breeding programs of lettuce.
Facilitators and Barriers to the Regulation of Medical Cannabis: A Scoping Review of the Peer-Reviewed Literature
Authors: Ruheel Mohammad Ali , Gomes Zoya , Usman Sana , Homayouni Pargol , Ng Jeremy Y
Published: August 2021

Background: In recent decades, several political, legislative, and judicial processes around the world have advanced legalization efforts for the use of medical cannabis (MC). As MC usage evolves through legislative reform, with an increase in public acceptance and therapeutic potential, a need exists to further investigate the facilitators and barriers to MC regulation.Methods: A scoping review was conducted to identify the facilitators and barriers associated with the implementation of international MC regulations. MEDLINE, EMBASE, AMED and PsycINFO databases were systematically searched. Eligible articles included primary studies that evaluated the MC regulatory framework of one or more countries globally.Results: Twenty-two articles were deemed eligible and included in this review. Themes identified include: (1) effects of conflicts, mindset and ideology of state population, (2) the use of comparisons to analyze MC regulation, and (3) the need for more knowledge, advice and empirical/clinical evidence to inform future MC policies.Conclusion: We identified a number of facilitators and barriers to MC regulation and provide a holistic overview of what factors are proposed to affect MC regulation. In recognizing that the evidence-base surrounding MC, MC usage among patients, and general societal acceptance of MC are all increasing across many parts of the globe, our review allows for relevant stakeholders to better understand these facilitators and barriers to inform future MC policy making.
GPX7 is Identified as a Novel Prognostic Indicator for Brain Lower Grade Glioma (LGG): Evidence from a Pan-Cancer Analysis
Authors: Zhao Qianqian , Yang Yin , Zhang Luyu , Wang Yingying , Wang Tianpei , Sun Ye , Cao Jingjing , Qi Meng , Du Xiaoping , Xia Zengrun , Zhang Rongqiang
Published: August 2021

Background: Glutathione peroxidase-7 (GPX7), a newly discovered non-selenium-containing protein with glutathione peroxidase activity, is located near the endoplasmic reticulum. Various studies have reported the involvement of GPX7 in cancer disease progression. However, the expression patterns of GPX7 and its prognostic potential have not been evaluated from a pan-cancer perspective. Moreover, the relationship between GPX7 and prognosis in Brain Lower Grade Glioma (LGG) patients remains unclear.Methods: Expression levels of GPX7 were evaluated using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases. Kaplan-Meier plotter and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA2) were used to evaluate the effect of GPX7 on clinical prognosis in TCGA tumors. Correlations between GPX7 and cancer immune infiltrates were investigated using the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) site and Estimating the Proportions of Immune and Cancer cells (EPIC) algorithm. In addition, the GEPIA2 and STRING websites were used for enrichment analysis of GPX7-related genes. Finally, we constructed a prognostic Nomogram for LGG to verify the overall survival (OS) outcomes of patients.Results: GPX7 was found to be overexpressed in multiple tumors. Elevated expression levels of GPX7 were associated with poor prognosis regarding OS, disease-free survival (DFS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of LGG patients (OS Hazard ratio (HR) = 1.044, p < 0.0001; DFS HR = 1.035, p < 0.0001; PFS HR = 1.045, p < 0.0001). Concordance index (C-index) of the nomogram for LGG was 0.845 (95% CI, 0.825 to 0.865; p < 0.001). The nomogram exhibited a better predictability. In addition, GPX7 expression and the abundance of Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) were positively correlated in most cancer types. Enrichment analysis revealed that GPX7 may be involved in the glutathione derivative biosynthetic and glutathione metabolic biological processes.Conclusion: GPX7 was found to be upregulated in multiple tumors, which was correlated with poor prognosis in LGG. Therefore, GPX7 is a potential prognostic indicator for LGG. There is a strong correlation between GPX7 expression levels and glutathione metabolic pathways. GPX7 holds promise for the use of glutathione metabolism for guided therapy in cancer patients.
A Multimodal Opioid-Sparing Pain Management Following Total Knee Replacement
Authors: Lacko Marek , Matuška Martin , Foľvarský Martin , Gharaibeh Ahmad , Lacková Antónia , Polan Peter
Published: August 2021

Background

The purpose of this study is to compare pain scores, opioid consumption, and range of motion of the operated knee after total knee replacement (TKR) in the 10-day follow-up period between a traditional opioid-containing pain management protocol and a multimodal opioid-sparing treatment protocol.
Methods

This prospective, randomized, single-center study included 90 patients (24 men and 66 women; mean age 69.7 ± 7.2 years) undergoing TKR for osteoarthritis between October 2019 and October 2020. Patients were randomized into 3 cohorts for comparison: traditional opioid-containing pain management protocol (n = 30), multimodal opioid-sparing pain management protocol (n = 30), and traditional opioid-containing pain management protocol with additional local infiltration analgesia (LIA). Changes in visual analog scale for pain (VAS), range of motion (ROM), and opioid consumption were compared between groups.
Results

A lower mean postoperative VAS score was observed in the opioid-sparing cohort, which was statistically significant at all time points compared with the traditional cohorts. Mean total morphine consumption was significantly lower in the opioid-sparing cohort (2.7 ± 5.8 MMEs) compared to the traditional (14.0 ± 14.8 MMEs) and traditional with LIA cohorts (8.3 ± 9.5 MMEs; p < 0.05). The mean degree of flexion of the operated knee of patients was significantly greater in patients in the opioid-sparing group than in the other groups on a postoperative day 3 (opioid-sparing: 87.0 ± 11.2º; traditional: 74.1 ± 11.6º; traditional with LIA: 84.7 ± 8.9º; p < 0.05), as well as on day 10 (opioid-sparing: 99.3 ± 10.8º; traditional: 87.3 ± 12.4º; traditional with LIA: 92.5 ± 9.7º; p < 0.05). The rate of adverse events after TKR did not differ between groups.
Conclusion

The results of this study suggest that a multimodal opioid-sparing pain protocol after TKR, which includes oral non-opioid medications and periarticular injection with bupivacaine, provides better pain relief and early functional gains with fewer rescue opioids compared to traditional opioid-based protocols
Prevalence And Phylogenetic Analysis of Babesia Parasites In Host Animals In Fujian Province, Southeast China
Authors: Zeng Zhiwei , Zhou Shuheng , Xu Guoying , Liu Weijun , Han Tengwei , Liu Jing , Wang Jiaxiong , Deng Yanqin , Xiao Fangzhen
Published: August 2021

Background: Babesiosis is a tick-borne infectious disease of socio-economic importance. The clinical manifestations of babesiosis are usually intermittent fever, headache, chills, sweats, and myalgia. Babesia infections in small mammals and ticks have been reported in at least five provinces in China. However, the host range and geographical distribution of this parasite in Fujian Province are unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and genetic characteristics of Babesia in Fujian Province, Southeast China, between 2015 and 2020. Methods: Rodent blood samples were collected from 26 different surveillance sites across Fujian Province. Genomic DNA was extracted to screen for Babesia infection via PCR amplification based on 18S rRNA. The prevalence of Babesia was compared using the chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA 5.0 by gene sequence alignment. DNA samples from 316 domestic goats, 85 water buffalo, 56 domestic dogs, and 18 domestic pigs were also collected in this survey.Results: Babesia infection was confirmed in 3.96% (43/1087) of rodents and in 1.26% (6/475) of other mammals. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that irrigated cropland, shrub, and forest were risk factors for Babesia microti infection. The infection rates of domestic pigs, dogs, and goats were determined to be 5.56%, 1.79%, and 1.27%, respectively, and no infection was found in water buffalo. Sequencing using the 18S rRNA gene revealed that rodents were infected with Babesia (sensu lato) while other mammals were infected with Babesia (sensu stricto). Conclusions: The results indicate that there is a broad geographical distribution and phylogenetic relationship of Babesia in Southeast China. This study suggests that mammals, especially wild rodents, are the main natural hosts of Babesia in Fujian. Our research provides new insights into the exposure risk of Babesia in humans and animals, laying a solid foundation for the development of babesiosis prevention and control measures.
Clinical and Immunological Features of Human BCL10 Deficiency
Authors: Solis Blanca Garcia , Rym Ana Van Den , Pérez-Caraballo Jareb J. , –Ayoubi Abdulwahab Al , Lorenzo Lazaro , Cubillos-Zapata Carolina , López-Collazo Eduardo , Markle Janet , Fernández-Arquero Miguel , Sanchez-Ramon Silvia , Recio Maria J. , Casanova Jean-Laurent , Mohammed Reem , Martinez-Barricarte Rubén , de Diego Rebeca Perez
Published: August 2021

The CARD-BCL10-MALT1 (CBM) complex is critical for the proper assembly of human immune responses. The clinical and immunological consequences of deficiencies in some of its components such as CARD9, CARD11, and MALT1 have been elucidated in detail. However, the scarcity of BCL10 deficient patients prevented gaining that knowledge for this genetic disease. Only two patients with BCL10 deficiency have been reported to date. Here we describe in more depth an additional patient with autosomal recessive BCL10 complete deficiency caused by a nonsense mutation that leads to a loss of expression (K63X). Using mass cytometry coupled with unsupervised clustering and machine learning computational methods, we obtained a thorough characterization of the consequences of BCL10 deficiency in different populations of leukocytes. We showed that in addition to the almost absence of memory B and T cells reported before, this patient display a reduction in NK, gdT, Tregs, and TFH cells. The patient suffered from recurrent respiratory infections since early in life, and showed a family history of lethal severe infectious diseases. Fortunately, hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) cured her. Overall, this report highlights the importance of early genetic diagnosis for the management of BCL10 deficient patients and HSCT as the recommended treatment to cured this disease.
Assessment of Central Corneal Thickness in Adults With Indications For Kidney Transplantation and Commenting On Some Related Factors
Authors: Trung Nguyen Kien , Tuan Vu Anh , Thang Le Viet , Ngan Nguyen Dinh , Thang Nguyen Chien , Cuong Nguyen Van , Anh Le Dinh , Anh Hoang Tuan , Hang Vo Thi , Binh Do Nhu , Toan Pham Quoc , Trung Nguyen Le
Published: August 2021

Objectives

Central corneal thickness (CCT) is an important biological indicator of eyeball affecting intraocular pressure, which plays a vital role in glaucoma pathology. This study investigated the central corneal thickness in renal failure subjects with indications for kidney transplantation and commented on some related factors.
Methods

A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from January to June 2021 in Hanoi, Vietnam. Ninety-six adult patients with grade 3 and 4 renal failure indicated kidney transplantation had central corneal thickness measured. We investigated the mean value of central corneal thickness in patients with indications for kidney transplantation. The related factors were evaluated by multivariable linear regression.
Results

The mean thickness of the central cornea in the right eye was 529.3 ± 32 µm, and the left eye was 528.5 ± 32.1 µm, with no difference between the central corneal thickness in the two eyes. Corneal thickness has a positive correlation with IOP after dialysis and smoking habits, adjusted R2 = 0.2405, has a negative correlation with age, adjusted R2 = 0.2405, and with calcium concentration blood, adjusted R2 = 0.032.
Conclusion

The thickness of the central cornea in patients with renal failure with indications for kidney transplantation in both eyes is similar. Factors related to corneal thickness are age, smoking habits, intraocular pressure after dialysis, and blood calcium levels.
Long-Term Survival Data of Patients With Limited-Disease Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Doshita Kosei , Kenmotsu Hirotsugu , Omori Shota , Tabuchi Yuya , Kawabata Takanori , Kodama Hiroaki , Nishioka Naoya , Miyawaki Eriko , Iida Yuko , Miyawaki Taichi , Mamesaya Nobuaki , Kobayashi Haruki , Ko Ryo , Wakuda Kazushige , Ono Akira , Naito Tateaki , Murakami Haruyasu , Mori Keita , Harada Hideyuki , Kaneko Takeshi , Takahashi Toshiaki
Published: August 2021

Background. Long-term survival data of patients with limited-disease small-cell lung cancer (LD-SCLC) treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) have not been fully evaluated. Furthermore, the association between long-term prognosis and prognostic factors has not been sufficiently investigated.Methods. The efficacy of concurrent CRT was retrospectively evaluated in 120 patients with LD-SCLC who were planned for curative CRT using concurrent accelerated hyperfractionated radiotherapy.Results. The median patient age was 65.5 years. The majority of patients were males (73%) and had clinical stage III disease (80%). The median follow-up time for overall survival (OS) was 71.3 months. The median OS was 34.3 months; the 3- and 5-year OS rates were 52.4% and 41.8%, respectively. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 12.2 months; the 3- and 5-year PFS rates were 37.6% and 33.6%, respectively. The 5-year OS rates of patients who achieved PFS at 12, 24, and 36 months were 70.9%, 83.6%, and 91.9%, respectively. The gradual increase in the 5-year OS rate following PFS extension and initial depression of Kaplan–Meier curves showed that disease progression frequently occurred in the first 2 years after concurrent CRT initiation. The Cox proportional hazards model revealed no significant factors that correlated with long-term survival through univariate and multivariate analyses.Conclusions. Prognostic factors associated with long-term prognosis in LD-SCLC were not identified. Nonetheless, the 5-year OS rate was 41.8%, whereas the 5-year survival rate among patients without disease progression at 2 years was 83.6%. These data suggest that the prognosis of patients with LD-SCLC was improving.
Land Use Change and Driving Force Analysis of Wetland in Poyang Lake Based on Remote Sensing
Authors: Ren Chunqiu , Dong Bin , Wang Ping , Fang Lei , Gao Xiang , Xu Haifeng , Wang Tong , Xu Zhili , Liu Yaru , Li Sheng , Xu Wenbin
Published: August 2021

As an important wetland in the world, Poyang Lake wetland is constantly changing its land use mode due to economic development and human activities, thus affecting the ecological environment of wetland.Landsat remote sensing images from 1986 to 2020 are utilized to obtain land use information data through supervised classification and interpretation. Combined with ENVI and ArcGIS software, five land use type maps are generated by taking 8 years or so as the interval period. Land use transfer matrix and land use dynamic attitude are adopted.This paper analyzes the wetland land use change in Poyang Lake and explores the driving factors of wetland land use change in Poyang Lake.The results show that the wetland land use types in Poyang Lake will change greatly from 1985 to 2020, and the change range of construction land, mudflat, paddy field and dry land is relatively large and shows an increasing trend.The area of water and grassland decreased on the whole, and the transferred area was large, which was mainly transferred to construction land, paddy field and dry land.The woodland area increased slowly, but the change range was not large from the perspective of dynamic attitude.The change of wetland area of reed flat decreased first and then increased, and the overall land use change was relatively gentle.According to the grey correlation analysis, the total population and annual precipitation are the main driving factors of land use change in Poyang Lake wetland.Through the above research, it provides important reference for wetland protection and land resource management of Poyang Lake.
Highly accurate prediction of reaction performance and enantioselectivity with a uniform machine learning protocol
Authors: Sun Xiaofei , Zhu Jingyuan , You Hengzhi , Chen Bin , Chen Fener
Published: August 2021

Synthetic reactions, especially asymmetric reactions are key components of modern chemistry. Chemists have put enormous experimental effort into recognizing various molecule patterns to enable efficient synthesis and asymmetric catalysis. Recent application of machine learning algorithms and chemoinformatics in this field demonstrated their huge potential in facilitating this process by accurate prediction. However, existing methods are relatively limited to specific designed data set, and only implement single prediction of reaction performance or reaction enantioselectivity, rendering their general use in broader scenarios challenging. Here we provide a uniform machine learning protocol that can predict both reaction performance and enantioselectivity with high accuracy. Reconstruction of molecular chemical space derived from more comprehensive three-dimensional atomic and molecular descriptors allow for training of our neural network-based model over four representative datasets. This uniform machine learning protocol was validated with outperformance of accuracy than other methods over all four cases (C-C, C-N, C-S cross coupling reactions and asymmetric hydrogenation) in the prediction of both reaction performance and enantioselectivity. It was also successfully applied to the out-of-set and sparse set prediction, leveraging its possible wide application in accelerating synthesis improve and molecular architects.
One-stage Reconstruction of Large Extremity Defects Using a Thin Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator Flap
Authors: Lee Seung Yeol , Park Bo Young
Published: August 2021

BackgroundCovering large defects of the extremities remains a great challenge; one-stage reconstruction with ‘thin perforator flaps’ has been attempted to salvage limbs and restore function. The deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap is the most commonly utilized flap in breast reconstruction (BR);it provides the largest amount of skin and soft tissue with the advantages of minimal donor site morbidity, relatively easy dissection, and flap elevation. The purpose of this study is to present the versatility of free DIEP flaps for the reconstruction of large defects of the extremities.MethodsPatients with large tissue defects on their extremities who were treated with thin DIEP flaps from January 2016 to January 2018 were included in this study. They were minimally followed up for 36 months. We analyzed the etiology and location of the soft tissue defect, flap design, anastomosis type, outcome, and complications. We also considered the technical differences in the DIEP flap between breast and extremity reconstruction.ResultsOverall, six free DIEP flaps were included in the study. The flap size ranged from 15 × 12 to 30 × 16 cm2. All flaps were transversely designed similar to a traditional BR design. Three flaps were elevated with two perforators. Primary closure of the donor site was possible in all cases. Five flaps survived with no complications. However, partial necrosis occurred in one flap.ConclusionsA DIEP flap is not the first choice for soft tissue defects, but it should be considered for one-stage reconstruction of large defects when the circulation zone of the DIEP flap is considered. In addition, this flap has many advantages over other flaps such as provision of the largest skin paddle, low donor site morbidity with a concealed scar, versatile supercharging technique, and a long pedicle.
Precursor Linear Self-Assembly Nonhydrolytic Sol-Gel Synthesis of Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 Ceramic Fibers
Authors: Feng Guo , Yin Li , Jiang Feng , Yan Zhijun , Xu Jinlin , Fang Wentao , Jiang Tao , Wu Qian , Liu Jianmin , Jiang Weihui
Published: August 2021

Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 ceramic fibers were synthesized via the precursor linear self-assembly nonhydrolytic sol-gel (NHSG) method, taking TiCl4 as the titanium source, anhydrous barium acetate and strontium acetate as the barium source and strontium source, anhydrous ethanol and glycol as the oxygen donor and solvent, respectively. The NHSG method promotes the formation of Ba–O–Ti and Sr–O–Ti through heterogeneous condensation. The bimolecular association structure of the reaction intermediate (chlorotitanium ethoxide) between ethanol and titanium tetrachloride facilitates the self-linear assembly of precursors. It also enables linear colloidal particle formation and excellent spinnability of the sol. The novel Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 ceramic fibers would promote the flexibility of electronic products.
How Has the Current Curative Expenditure of Noncommunicable Diseases Changed? Evidence From China in 2017-2019
Authors: Fang Quan , Ma Guoliang , Zhang Shunli , Zhang Qin , Xu Xinzhou , Wang Yuhang , Wang Xin
Published: August 2021

Background: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Understanding the distribution of diseases can provide a basis for policy formulation and intervention. This study analyses the current curative expenditure (CCE) of NCDs in China to provide health policy advice.Methods: Data were collected by multi-stage stratified random sampling from 2017-2019. The medical expenses of patients with NCDs were calculated based on “System of Health Accounts 2011”(SHA 2011), Analyze from funding sources, dimensions of institutional flow, and financing scheme. Linear regression analysis was conducted by controlling factors influencing hospitalization expenses. All analyses were performed by STATA 15.0.Results: 408 institutions and 8,104,233 valid items were included in the study. The CCE of NCDs was 14.205 billion China Yuan (CNY) in 2017, 15.914 billion CNY in 2018, and 18.055 billion CNY in 2019. More than 60% came from public financing. The proportion of family health financing continued to decline, reaching 31.16% in 2019. The expenditures were mainly in general hospitals, above 70%. Elderly patients account for the majority. Diseases of the circulatory system, Diseases of the digestive system, and Neoplasms were the main NCDs. Year, age, gender, length of stay, surgery, insurance, and institution level were the factors affecting hospitalization expenses.Conclusions: NCDs are the main CCE of diseases in China, and their resources are not allocated reasonably. To reduce the CCE of NCDs, the government needs to optimize resource allocation and rationalize institutional flows and functions.
Low Amplitude Burst Detection of Catecholamines
Authors: Eltahir Amnah , White Jason , Lohrenz Terry , Montague P. Read
Published: August 2021

Machine learning advances in electrochemical detection have recently produced subsecond and concurrent detection of dopamine and serotonin during perception and action tasks in conscious humans. Here, we present a new machine learning approach to subsecond, concurrent separation of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. The method exploits a low amplitude burst protocol for the controlled voltage waveform and we demonstrate its efficacy by showing how it separates dopamine-induced signals from norepinephrine induced signals. Previous efforts to deploy electrochemical detection of dopamine in vivo have not separated the dopamine-dependent signal from a norepinephrine-dependent signal. Consequently, this new method can provide new insights into concurrent signaling by these two important neuromodulators.
Geothermal resource exploration by using Numerical simulation and comprehensive geophysical method
Authors: Yang Yang , Xiong Bin , Peng Sanxi , Iqbal Ibrar , Zhang Tianyu
Published: August 2021

Geothermal energy is an important renewable clean energy resource with high development and usage potential. Geothermal resources, on the other hand, are buried deep below, and mining hazards are significant. Geophysical investigation is frequently required to determine the depth and location of geothermal resources. The Transient Electromagnetic Method (TEM) and the Controlled Source Audio Frequency Magnetotellurics (CSAMT) have the highest detection efficiency and accuracy of all electromagnetic exploration methods. This article initially explains the algorithm theory of the finite difference technique before establishing a simplified geothermal system resistivity model. Established on the simplified resistivity model, a simulation analysis of the ability of CSAMT and TEM to distinguish target body faults at different resistivities and dip angles was performed, and the effectiveness and difference of the two methods in detecting typical geothermal resource targets was verified. A complete exploratory research of CSAMT and TEM was conducted in Huairen County, Shuozhou City, Shanxi Province, China, based on theoretical analysis. Both approaches can reflect the geoelectric structure of the survey region, demonstrating the efficacy of the two methods in detecting genuine geothermal resources.
Continuous Facial Nerve Stimulation During Cochlear Implantation – An Electrophysiological Technique to Control the Intracochlear Electrode Contact Position
Authors: Herrmann David , Müller-Graff Franz-Tassilo , Kaulitz Stefan , Cebulla Mario , Kurz Anja , Hagen Rudolf , Neun Tilmann , Rak Kristen
Published: August 2021

Purpose: This proof of concept describes the use of evoked electromyographic (EMG) activation of the facial nerve for intraoperative monitoring of the electrode insertion during cochlear implantation (CI).Methods: Intraoperative EMG measurements from the facial nerve were conducted in nine patients undergoing CI implantation. Electric pulses were emitted from contacts on the CI array during and immediately after electrode insertion. For control, the results of EMG measurements were compared to postoperative flat panel volume computed tomography scans with secondary reconstruction (fpVCTSECO).Results: During insertion, the EMG response evoked by the electrical stimulation from the CI was growing with the stimulating contact approaching the facial nerve and declined with increasing distance. After full insertion, contacts on the apical half of the CI array stimulated higher EMG responses compared with those on the basal half. Comparison with postoperative imaging demonstrated that electrode contacts stimulating high EMG responses had the shortest distances to the facial nerve. Conclusion: It could be demonstrated that electrically evoked EMG activation of the facial nerve can be used to monitor the progress during CI electrode insertion and to control the intracochlear electrode position after full insertion.
Copula method of the kinematic accuracy of cylindrical roller bearing
Authors: li lihong , xue yujun , LI jishun
Published: August 2021

The kinematic accuracy of cylindrical rollers bearing isn’t only influenced by the dimensional and form precision of its parts, but also more influenced by the cooperation among them. For cylindrical rollers bearing, the main indices of the kinematic accuracy are the ending beat and the radial run out of bearings. There must be dependent relationship between the cooperative action among the parts of bearings and the ending beat or the radial run out of bearings. This relationship is hardly expressed by mathematical formula. However, because the parts dimension deviation and the run out of bearings follow statistic law and have their distribution characteristics, while the copula joint distribution function can connect the run out of bearings with multiple parts dimension accuracy, the copula function is introduced to analyze the dependent relationship between bearing parts cooperative action and its kinematic accuracy. Based on the copula function of statistic theory, the kinematic accuracy of bearings can be forecast by parts geometric accuracy.
Is Age-adjusted Sagittal Parameter Important for Patients Receiving Short Anterior and Oblique Anterolateral Lumbar Surgery? A Single Center Retrospective Review
Authors: Tung Kuan-Kai , Wu Yun-Che , Chen Kun-Hui , Pan Chien-Chou , Lu Wen-Xian , Chin Ning-Chien , Shih Cheng-Min , Hsu Fang-Wei , Lee Cheng-Hung
Published: August 2021

Background Recent studies have suggested the sagittal profiles: SVA, PT, and PI-LL may be age dependent. However, the clinical applications of the age-adjusted parameters remain inconclusive. This study aims to investigate whether age-adjusted sagittal parameter is important for patients receiving short anterolateral lumbar surgery since the recently increased adoption of this surgery.MethodsPatients receiving ALIF and OLIF were prospectively collected. The severity of symptoms was measured via the Health-related Quality of Life (HRQOL) score. After the operation, patients were divided into either the “Sufficient group” or “Under group” in accordance with whether they achieved the three age-adjusted parameters. Postoperative clinical outcomes were measured and compared to the pre-OP baselines between the groups at one-year follow-up. Additionally, patients were stratified through the severity cut-off value of each HRQOL score prior to surgery for subgroup analysis.ResultsAll age-adjusted parameters and HRQOLs showed significant improvement after receiving ALIF or OLIF. The sufficient correction rate was 78%, 74%, and 70% in age-adjusted SVA, PT, and PI-LL, respectively. EQ-5D and ODI demonstrated significant improvements at one-year follow-up upon all patients. Sufficient correction of age-adjusted SVA, PT, and PI-LL revealed better performance in EQ-5D, ODI, and VAS of pain amongst patients with worse pre-OP disability. However, no difference in HRQOLs was observed despite SVA, PT, and PI-LL being sufficiently corrected among the patients with moderate disability. ALIF offered better improvement in EQ-5D compared to OLIF. ConclusionsBoth ALIF and OLIF can achieve satisfactory clinical results when targeting age-adjusted thresholds. Patients with a worse disability status prior to surgery require sufficient rigorous correction in accordance with age-adjusted targets to achieve better HRQOL.
Inverted Human Umbilical Artery as a 3D Scaffold for Sciatic Nerve Regeneration in Rats.
Authors: Lecoq Flore-Anne , Barnouin Laurence , Ludovic Ardouin , Hartmann Daniel , Laurent Obert
Published: August 2021

Background: Treatment of peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) remains a challenge. Interposing a graft delivers better regenerative outcomes. Autografts present major drawbacks which have given rise to the development of alternatives such as artificial scaffolds, some of which are very promising. This study was designed to investigate the potential use of an inverted human umbilical cord artery (iHUA) as a 3D scaffold nerve chamber, for nerve regeneration after transection of the sciatic nerve (SN) in rats.Methods: Rats underwent surgical SN transection in their right hindlimb, followed by suture of the device at the resected stumps. Local tolerance, insert biodegradability and nerve reconstruction over time were thoroughly studied by histopathological and morphometric analysis, completed by functional test assessment of sensitivity and motricity recovery.Results: We have demonstrated that nerve reconstruction in the presence of an iHUA insert is effective. The device is well tolerated and highly biodegraded. Although the regenerated nerve is still immature at the end of our study, signs of sensitivity and partial functional recovery were witnessed, confirming our histological findings. Conclusions: Our results support the potential clinical use of iHUA as a 3D scaffold to bridge nerve discontinuity and guide axonal regrowth in selected cases of PNIs.
Preventing surgical site infection after Lichtenstein inguinal hernioplasty: Preliminary results about local versus IV antibiotics prophylaxis from a low-income country university hospital.
Authors: Charlorin Patrick , CADET Paul Reginald
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND: Preventing Surgical site infection (SSI) after Liechtenstein hernioplasty is an important step in the management of inguinal hernia. In this study, we present the preliminary result about the use of IV ceftriaxone prophylaxis vs the local mesh-soaked gentamicin prophylaxis for the prevention of SSI after Liechtenstein hernioplasty.METHOD: We conducted a randomized controlled study in 2014, at the state university hospital. We evaluated the occurrence of SSI on 44 patients with an inguinal hernia who underwent an elective Liechtenstein repair using a polypropylene mesh. 13 patients received IV ceftriaxone prophylaxis. The remaining 31 received local mesh-soaked gentamicin prophylaxis. The patients were followed for infection and other complications by an independent surgeon on days 3, 10, and 30.RESULTS: The mean age of our patients was 48y for the IV prophylaxis group and 44y for the local prophylaxis group. 9 were located on the right side in the IV prophylaxis group while 32 were located on the right side for the local prophylaxis group. 30,6% of our patients had associated conditions in the IV prophylaxis group vs 13% in the local prophylaxis group. We found no SSI at the time of the study for either the IV or local prophylaxis group. One case of inguinal pain was observed in the local prophylaxis group.CONCLUSION: This study indicates that local mesh-soaked gentamicin prophylaxis is as effective as IV ceftriaxone prophylaxis in preventing surgical site infection after Liechtenstein hernioplasty. But further evidence needs to be established.
Apparent Absence of Avian Malaria and Malaria-Like Parasites in Northern Blue-Footed Boobies Breeding On Isla Isabel
Authors: Roldán-Zurabián Federico , Ruiz-López María José , Puente Josué Martínez de la , Figuerola Jordi , Drummond Hugh , Ancona Sergio
Published: August 2021

Haemosporidian parasites are common in birds, but often are not in seabirds. The absence of vectors/genetic resistance to infection have been proposed to explain this pattern. Examination of different host populations is required to confirm the absence of blood parasites in widespread host species, which could be differently exposed to blood parasites across their geographic range. Moreover, screening of blood parasites in many seabirds has been done only by visual inspection of blood smears, which can miss low-intensity infections. Screening of blood parasites of the genera Plasmodium, Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon, combining inspection of blood smears and PCR-based detection methods, revealed that a highly philopatric colony of blue-footed boobies (Sula nebouxii) in the Tropical North Pacific is likely free of these parasites. Earlier detection of Haemoproteus parasites in frigatebirds cohabiting with boobies in our study site and blue-footed boobies breeding on the Galapagos Islands suggests that absence of blood parasites in this northern booby colony could not be attributable to the absence of vectors or genetic resistance to infection. High host specificity or fine-scale spatial heterogeneity in the abundance of insect vectors could explain our negative results, but these hypotheses remain to be tested. We emphasize the relevance of assessing the occurrence of blood parasites in different populations of widespread host species, such as blue-footed boobies.
Sensing Global Changes in the Local Patterns of Energy Consumption in Cities During the Early Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Rowe Francisco , Robinson Caitlin , Patias Nikos
Published: August 2021

COVID-19, and the wider social and economic impacts that a global pandemic entails, have led to unprecedented reductions in energy consumption globally. Whilst estimates of changes in energy consumption have emerged at the national scale, detailed sub-regional estimates to allow for global comparisons are less developed. Using night-time light satellite imagery from December 2019-June 2020 across 50 of the world’s largest urban conurbations, we provide high resolution estimates (450m2) of spatio-temporal changes in urban energy consumption in response to COVID-19. Contextualising this imagery with modelling based on indicators of mobility, stringency of government response, and COVID-19 rates, we provide novel insights into the potential drivers of changes in urban energy consumption during a global pandemic. Our results highlight the diversity of changes in energy consumption between and within cities in response to COVID-19, somewhat refuting dominant narratives of a shift in energy demand away from dense urban areas. Further modelling highlights how the stringency of the government’s response to COVID-19 is likely a defining factor in shaping resultant reductions in urban energy consumption.
The traditional medicinal use of some animals and their products in Wolaita, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Wendimu Abenezer , Tekalign Wondimagegnehu
Published: August 2021

Ethnopharmacological relevance: From the beginning of recorded history, flora and fauna have played a crucial part in human existence for a therapeutic purpose to heal different diseases and are still being used in Ethiopia. Ethnozoological studies are necessary so as to get new medications for human and livestock health ailments. There is a sense of urgency in gathering such information. This is the first ethnozoological survey to do statistical calculations on animal-based treatments. Aim of the study: The present study aimed to identify, analyze and record traditional knowledge on the use of animals by the indigenous people living on Diguna Fango district, Wolaita, Ethiopia, and to document the traditional names, preparation, and uses of these animals for therapeutic purpose. Materials and methods: A field survey was carried out from March 2021 to June 2021 by personal interviews through semi-structured questionnaires and open group discussions. Two hundred male and female informants gave information concerning the therapeutic uses of various animal parts/products. Results: For the treatment of 159 identified different ailments, thirty-nine animal parts/products were utilized. Mammals were the topmost use report, followed by arthropods and avian species. Conclusions: The outcomes showed that there’s the highest ethnozoological knowledge to be recognized which could be of use in emerging innovative drugs. As a result, it is predicted that the information contained in the study will be utilized in the region's forthcoming ethnozoological, ethnopharmacological, and conservation-related research.
Emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variant under investigation in Saudi Arabia
Authors: ALGHORIBI Majed F. , ALSWAJI Abdulrahman , OKDAH Liliane , ALHAYLI Sadeem , ALI Zinab BU , ALZAYER Maha A. , ALARFAJ Reem E. , BAWAZEER Reema , ALAHMADI Mashael , ALGHAMDI Sara , ALHASSINAH Sarah , El-SAED Aiman , FARAHA Fayssal M. , ALSHAMRANI Majid M. , JOHANI Sameera M. AL , DOUMITH Michel
Published: August 2021

Genomic surveillance helps public health tracking the path of a pandemic, understand its transmission route, and how quickly the virus is spreading and adapting through mutation and recombination. In late 2020, the Infectious Diseases Research Department (IDRD) at King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC) initiated a surveillance program focused on monitoring the dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 variants by sequencing the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of 20 to 32% of all community-acquired SARS-CoV-2 positive cases identified from November 2020 to February 2021 at King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC) in Riyadh. Sequence analysis detected among sequenced isolates a SARS-CoV-2 variant harboring an N501T substitution in the receptor-binding domain (RBD). COVID-19 cases linked to this new variant under investigation, first detected in isolates from November, grew exponentially in 2021 to account alone for more than 62 % (142/228) of all SARS-CoV-2 positive cases studied in February, thus suggesting that this variant might have increased transmissibility. Genome sequencing showed that this variant has evolved from the pangolin lineage B.1.1 and diverged from the original strain of Wuhan in China by ten amino acid changes located in ORF1a (P3359L and Q3729K), ORF1b (P314L), spike (S) protein (F157S, N501T, D614G), ORF6 (F2S) and nucleocapsid (N) protein (I84V, R203K and G204R). Isolates belonging to the new variant were further split into two sub-groups based on additional changes in the spike. Of these, one sub-group carried the Y144*, G257S, T859N and A899S variations combined, while one carried the H49Y variation alone. Patients infected with this new variant did not show any increase in the severity of infections. The rapid rise of the new variant among community-acquired SARS-CoV-2 cases suggests a national spread, although this needs to be further assessed carefully.
Altered Gene Expression in Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells in Response to the Infection of Influenza H1N1 Virus
Authors: Higazy Doaa , Lin Xianwu , Xie Tanghui , Wang Ke , Gao Xiaochen , Cui Min
Published: August 2021

Influenza viruses are not only causing respiratory illness, but also neurological manifestations were reported following acute viral infection. The Central nervous system (CNS) has a specific defence mechanism against pathogens structured by cerebral microvasculature lined with brain endothelial cells to form the blood-brain barrier (BBB). To investigate the response of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hBMECs) to the influenza A virus, we inoculated the cells with the A/WSN/33 (H1N1) virus. We then conducted an RNAseq experiment to determine the changes in gene expression levels and the activated disease pathways following infection. The analysis revealed an effective activation of the innate immune defence by inducing the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Along with the production of proinflammatory cytokines, we detected an upregulation of interferons and interferon-stimulated genes, such as IFN-β/λ, ISG15, CXCL11, CXCL3, and IL-6, etc. Moreover, infected hBMECs exhibited a disruption in the cytoskeletal structure both on the transcriptomic and cellular levels. We also noted that pathways of neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, neuroinflammation, and neurodegenerative diseases were noticeably induced together with a predicted activation of the neuroglia. Likewise, a number of genes linked with the mitochondrial structure and function display a significant differential expression. En masse, this data supports that hBMECs could be infected by the influenza A virus, which induces the innate and inflammatory immune response. The results suggest that the influenza virus infection could potentially induce a subsequent aggravation of neurological disorders.
Lipid-based Nanocarriers Loaded with Taxanes for the Management of
Breast Cancer: Promises and Challenges
Authors: Chaurawal Nishtha , Misra Charu , Raza Kaisar
Published: August 2021

:

Breast cancer is the leading cause of deaths worldwide among women. Taxanes (most
propitious class of diterpenes) have shown dynamic potentials in the treatment of early and metastatic
breast cancer. However, challenges like poor bioavailability, low tissue-permeability, compromised
aqueous solubility, and dose-dependent side-effects limit the clinical applications of these
drugs. Henceforth, to overcome these challenges, various nanotechnology-based drug delivery
systems are being explored for the delivery of taxanes in the management of breast cancer. One
such promising nanocarrier category is lipid-based nanocarriers, which employ the meritorious features
of a variety of lipids, both of natural and synthetic origin. It is also known that lipid uptake
plays a significant role in breast cancer cells proliferation and tumor genesis. However, lipid-based
nanocarriers could be a great choice to nanoencapsulate the poorly soluble and permeable taxanes
for breast cancer management. These systems have an immense promise of bioavailability enhancement,
spatial and temporal taxane delivery, improved efficacy, reduced dosing frequency, and even
mild inhibition of the P-gp efflux mechanism. Apart from these promises, these carriers are not yet
available for the benefit of the end-user. The present review will not only discuss the merits,
progress, and promises of these systems but also ponder upon the various challenges faced by these
carriers to reach the clinics for the benefit of the patients afflicted with breast cancer.
Epigenetic Basis of Psychiatric Disorders: A Narrative Review
Authors: Panariello Fabio , Fanelli Giuseppe , Fabbri Chiara , Atti Anna Rita , De Ronchi Diana , Serretti Alessandro
Published: August 2021

Background:

Psychiatric disorders are complex, multifactorial illnesses with a demonstrated
biological component in their etiopathogenesis. Epigenetic modifications, through the modulation
of DNA methylation, histone modifications and RNA interference, tune tissue-specific gene
expression patterns and play a relevant role in the etiology of psychiatric illnesses.

Objective:

This review aims to discuss the epigenetic mechanisms involved in psychiatric disorders,
their modulation by environmental factors and their interactions with genetic variants, in order
to provide a comprehensive picture of their mutual crosstalk.

Methods:

In accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, systematic searches of Medline, EMBASE,
PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library were conducted.

Results:

Exposure to environmental factors, such as poor socio-economic status, obstetric complications,
migration, and early life stressors, may lead to stable changes in gene expression and neural
circuit function, playing a role in the risk of psychiatric diseases. The most replicated genes involved
by studies using different techniques are discussed. Increasing evidence indicates that these
sustained abnormalities are maintained by epigenetic modifications in specific brain regions and
they interact with genetic variants in determining the risk of psychiatric disorders.

Conclusion:

An increasing amount of evidence suggests that epigenetics plays a pivotal role in the
etiopathogenesis of psychiatric disorders. New therapeutic approaches may work by reversing detrimental
epigenetic changes that occurred during the lifespan.