bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cost Savings and Reduced Health Care Utilization Associated with Participation in a Digital Diabetes Prevention Program in an Adult Workforce Population
Authors: Sweet Cynthia , Jasik Carolyn , Diebold Amy , DuPuis Ashley , Jendretzke Bryan
Published: August 2020

Background: Though in-person delivery of the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) has demonstrated medical cost savings, the economic impact of digital programs is not as well understood. Objective: This study examines the impact of a digital DPP program on reducing all-cause health care costs and utilization among 2027 adult participants at 12 months. Methods: A longitudinal, observational analysis of health care claims data was conducted on a workforce population who participated in a digital diabetes prevention program. Differences in utilization and costs from the year prior to program delivery through 1 year after enrollment were calculated using medical claims data for digital DPP participants compared to a propensity matched cohort in a differences-in-differences model. Results: At 1 year, the digital DPP population had a reduction in all-cause health care spend of US$1169 per participant relative to the comparison group (P = 0.01), with US$699 of that savings coming from reduced inpatient spend (P = 0.001). Cost savings were driven by fewer hospital admissions and shorter length of stay (P < 0.001). No other significant results in cost differences were detected. There was a trend toward savings extending into the second year, but the savings did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: These results demonstrated significant short-term health care cost savings at 1 year associated with digital DPP program delivery.
Spilt Milk: COVID-19 and the Dangers of Dairy Industry Consolidation
Authors: Applebaum Eileen , Gaby-Biegle Jared
Published: August 2020

Consolidation came later in the dairy industry than in other agricultural sectors. A long history of dairy farmer cooperatives owned by their farmer members and vertically integrated to produce and distribute fluid milk and cheese products staved off industrialized farming and horizontal consolidation. But by 1990, advances in technology and a change in antitrust regulation enabled investor-owned firms like Borden Dairy and Dean Food as well as large farmer cooperatives like DFA, Prairie Farm and Land O’Lakes to dominate the industry. Consolidation and the pursuit of economies of scale led to two inflexible and separate supply chains in dairy – one serving retail markets for consumers, the other serving commercial markets for institutional customers. The COVID-19 pandemic and economic lockdown revealed the lack of resilience and risks in a system dominated by a few large actors. Viable reforms in the dairy industry that limit the domination by powerful actors can achieve resilience and improve the ability of the dairy industry to respond to disruptions.
ІДЕНТИФІКАЦІЯ ХАРЧОВИХ ПРОДУКТІВ ДЛЯ СПОРТСМЕНІВ
Authors: МОТУЗКА Ю.М.
Published: August 2020

Мета. Розробка науково-практичних підходів до ідентифікації харчових продуктів для спортсменів.
Методика. В основу методологічної бази дослідження покладено методи наукового пізнання, системного підходу та узагальнення, законодавчо-нормативні акти України та ЄС, наукові праці.
Результати. Постійне зростання на вітчизняному ринку кількості фальсифікованих харчових продуктів для спортсменів, їх незаконне переміщення через митний кордон та інші чинники зумовлюють необхідність проведення робіт з ідентифікації. Нормативна база щодо виробництва та обігу харчових продуктів для спортсменів не визначає чіткої регламентації проведення процедури їх ідентифікації, тому важливим вбачається розробка та впровадження дієвого механізму контролю достовірності тверджень виробників щодо особливих властивостей харчових продуктів, що базуватиметься на науковому підході та з використанням новітніх методів ідентифікації. Встановлено, що для проведення ідентифікаційної експертизи харчових продуктів для спортсменів важливим етапом є розробка критеріїв та засобів ідентифікації.
В роботі розроблено критерії ідентифікації харчових продуктів для спортсменів на прикладі батончиків. До важливих критеріїв ідентифікації даної групи продуктів належать: маркування, смак, запах, зовнішній вигляд, форма, цукеркова маса, маса нетто, масова частка вологи і масова частка вуглеводів, походження білкової та жирової складових; кількісний та якісний склад біологічно-активних речовин.
За результатами ідентифікації за органолептичними та фізико-хімічними показниками досліджувані зразки батончиків для спортсменів відповідають вимогам діючого нормативного документу. Однак, використання лише стандартизованих показників якості з метою ідентифікації не забезпечує об’єктивне проведення процедури ідентифікації  продуктів. Доцільним вбачається включення розроблених критеріїв ідентифікації до нормативного документа, оскільки, саме це дасть можливість об’єктивно провести експертизу товару. Подальшого дослідження потребує розробка засобів ідентифікації складу продуктів для спортсменів із використанням експрес-методик та проведення стандартизації запропонованих критеріїв ідентифікації.
Наукова новизна. Проаналізовано підходи до ідентифікації харчових продуктів для спортсменів. Розроблено критерії ідентифікації батончиків для спортсменів.
Практична цінність. Запропоновано стандартизувати розроблені критерії ідентифікації шляхом їх включення  до нормативної документації для ефективності проведення процедури ідентифікації контролюючими органами, торговельними організаціями, споживачами.
ТОВАРНА НОМЕНКЛАТУРА КОНТРАБАНДИ ТА ШЛЯХИ ЇЇ ПОПЕРЕДЖЕННЯ
Authors: ЄМЧЕНКО І.В.
Published: August 2020

Мета. Визначення чинників, що сприяють завезенню товарів контрабандним шляхом з певних країн. Виявлення обставин, що створюють підґрунтя для появи ризикових категорій товарів. Встановлення груп товарів, що є потенційно небезпечними щодо потрапляння їх на товарний ринок в різних країнах світу за існуючими на даний час контрабандними схемами.
Методика. При дослідженнях використовували методи на основі системного аналізу статистичних даних. Для підведення підсумків роботи використовували методи аналізу та синтезу інформації, абстрагування та групування.
Результати. Проаналізовані дані контрабандних поставок товарів в розрізі окремих груп і країн. Представлені дані щодо фактів виявлення і вилучення контрабандних партій товарів, наркотичних засобів за останні роки. Окреслені основні схеми завезення товарів в Україну контрабандним шляхом. Представлені чинники, що впливають на зростання обсягів нелегального ринку товарів, та методи і способи потрапляння їх на митні території держав. Наведені сучасні тенденції формування та розвитку нелегального товарного ринку різних держав світу, зокрема України. Наукова новизна одержаних результатів полягає у критичному аналізі шляхів переміщення товарів через митний кордон та потрапляння їх на товарний ринок різних країн, зокрема України.  Проведено аналіз найбільш поширених схем завезення в держави товарів контрабандним шляхом.  Встановлено категорії товарів, що стають найчастіше об’єктами контрабандних операцій.
Практична значимість  полягає у визначенні проблемних питань та встановленні сукупності чинників, що формують потенційну небезпечність товарної контрабанди для економіки держави. Окреслені заходи протидії контрабанді товарів і порушень митних правил.
СПОЖИВНІ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ КОНОПЛЯНИХ ВОЛОКОН ОДЕРЖАНИХ З ТРЕСТИ РІЗНИХ СПОСОБІВ ПРИГОТУВАННЯ
Authors: ТІХОСОВ А.С. , НЕЖЛУКЧЕНКО Н.В. , ЛЯЛІНА Н.П.
Published: August 2020

Мета. Визначення основних споживних характеристик конопляних волокон одержаних з трести різних способів призначення, від яких залежить сфера їх застосування для виготовленні товарів технічного та побутового призначення.
Методика. Розривне навантаження (міцність), гнучкість та лінійна щільність волокон визначали за стандартними методиками, які наведені у ГОСТ 23087-78 та ГОСТ 10379-76. На даний час нові стандарти на конопляні волокна, які розроблені Інститутом луб’яних культур НААН України, не затверджені Держстантартом, тому були використані методики стандартів СРСР.
Результати. За оцінкою основних споживних характеристик конопляних волокон, які отримані з трести різних способів приготування, визначені сфери застосування конопляних волокон для одержання кручених виробів, канатів, вірьовок, шпагатів та текстильних товарів широкого вжитку.
Наукова новизна. Вперше визначені споживні характеристики волокон конопель, які виділені з трести після різних способів обробки стебел соломи. На основі цих характеристик розроблені рекомендації щодо подальшого застосування волокон для виготовлення різноманітного асортименту товарів широкого вжитку.
Практична значимість. Проведені дослідження дають можливість спрогнозувати застосування оптимального способу одержання трести конопель для виготовлення товарів цільового призначення.
Giant Dermoid Cyst of Floor of the Mouth with Extention to the Base of Tongue: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Hammouda Yassir
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Oral floor dermoid cysts are a rare entity. A cyst can cause malfunctions in the upper aerodigestive tract and slurred speech. The treatment of choice is essentially surgical.

Case report: A 17-year-old male who presented with progressive swelling in the floor of the mouth since birth. Clinical examination revealed a painless, bulky, and symmetrical swelling in the floor of the mouth, pushing the tongue backward.

Discussion: Giant oral floor cysts located under the mylohyoid muscle are usually removed extra orally. We report the case of a large dermoid cyst of the floor of the mouth, with extension at the base of the tongue, removed intraorally.

Conclusion: The recommended surgical techniques vary according to the size and anatomical situation of the cysts. The intraoral approach is preferred for cysts that do not extend beyond the mylohyoid muscle.
INSTITUTIONAL SUSTAINABILITY IN RUSSIAN PROFESSIONAL SPORTS
Authors: Kozhin V. V. , Samofalova М. А. , Chigrin V. A.
Published: August 2020

This article examines how the target interests of the subjects of the sub-Institute of professional sports affect its institutional stability. We put forward a private hypothesis, according to which there is no consistency of ideas about what rules should regulate professional sports, what should be its content, what model is necessary for its successful development. As a result, there is a lack of institutional stability, which contains prerequisites for the erosion of existing institutional restrictions. This has a negative impact on all aspects of the functioning of professional sports: the preparation of the reserve, the economic component, but, first of all, sports results. The lack of coherence hinders its further institutionalization, which is manifested in the lack of formal and informal norms necessary for development. We see the solution to this problem in a clear conceptualization of the model of professional sports, which would not contain the main defect of its modern stage of transformation in the form of contradictory trends that mutually exclude the ability to meet the interests of its main subjects. The main goal is to reveal the depth of normative and target contradictions between various factors of professional sports. This is important in order to identify potential threats of the collapse of the social Institute of sports due to targeted disagreements in the sub – Institute of professional sports.
PEDAGOGICAL VALUE OF LULLABIES SONGS AS MEANS OF EDUCATION A CHILD IN EARLY CHILDHOOD (based on the material of Turkish ethnopedagogy)
Authors: Тulegenova A. G. , Asanova F. R,
Published: August 2020

The article reveals the pedagogical significance of Turkish lullabies, which play an invaluable role in early childhood education. The article introduces the priority values of Turkish socioculture (giving birth to a child, caring and loving attitude to him, raising his citizenship, development of his mind and knowledge), reflected in lullabies; lucidly reveals the methods of upbringing and education of children represented in this genre of oral folk art; demonstrates the basic principles of attitudes towards children that exist in Turkish ethnic culture. The deep and objective analysis of the materials of Turkish lullabies presented in the article testifies to the role of maternal folklore as a pedagogical potential for the formation of a picture of the world of a modern child. In addition, the recent increase in interest in folklore among various ethnic groups of Muslims makes interdisciplinary study of the texts of Turkish lullabies absolutely relevant. It is well known that the process of becoming a socially active person who shares the moral, ethical and sociocultural values of his ethnic group begins in early childhood. Hence, it becomes clear that without ethnically colored lullabies, the process of spiritual and moral development of a child’s personality is not possible. An analysis of the content of the lullabies of the Turkish people indisputably proves that this ethnos uses “ninnis” (lullabies) as a means of forming historically developed sociocultural values and behaviors in children: kindness, humanity, mercy, patriotism, etc. Unfortunately, the pedagogical potential is currently Turkish lullabies are not used to the full, although, in our opinion, it is probably one of the ways to solve the problem of establishing a culture of conscious parenthood in modern youth. In addition, the materials in this article can find their application in the development of lecture and practical courses in ethnopedagogy.
PSYCHOLOGICAL CORRECTION OF THE PERSONAL SENSE IN THE STRUCTURE OF MENTAL IMAGE OF ILLNESS OF SOMATIC DISEASE (ON THE EXAMPLE OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA)
Authors: Kozachun V. L.
Published: August 2020

The topicality of the psychological correction of the personal sense in the structure of mental image of illness of somatic disease is stated. The conception of mental image of illness (on the example of bronchial asthma) from the bodily psychology point of view is considered. All the variants of the personal sense of disease (as a result of interrelations and interactions of actual personal motives in connection with the disease), including negative, positive and conflict senses, are overviewed. It is resumed, that all the variants of the personal sense of disease in the bodily psychology more or less have negative connotation and can cause various psychosomatic deviations or disorders. Thus, it is necessary to determine the most optimal and favorable from the therapeutic and prognostic points of view personal sense of disease. Thereby, the notion of the “adequate” negative personal sense of disease is suggested. The “adequate” negative personal sense of disease should be formed in the process of psychological correction over against “inadequate” negative and conflict senses of the disease. It should be understood as such, which is conducive for the adaptation to the disease, the formation of the aspiration to overcome the disease and understanding the health as a value, and the achievement of the recovery on the background of the most complete, full-scale, clear and conscious perception of the disease in accordance with the objective, “external” image of illness. The formation of the “adequate” negative personal sense of disease is possible through following the overviewed methodological and technological vectors and outlines in the process of psychological correction. It is shown, that due to the structure of mental image of illness as a holistic consciousness image, the correction of the personal sense of disease will cause the changes on the other levels of mental image of illness and formation of the “adequate” mental image of illness in general. Herewith, the psychological correction on the level of the perception of intraceptive bodily sensations and emotional experiences and on the level of mythologizing should complement the program of psychological correction and increase the efficiency of psychocorrective effect.
The Effect of Superdisintegrants on the Dissolution of Promethazine. HCl Fast Dissolving Tablets
Authors: Gudas Ganesh kumar , B Manasa , K Senthil Kumaran , V V Rajesham , S Kiran Kumar , J Prasanna Kumari , V Malla Reddy
Published: August 2020

Promethazine.HCl is a potent anti-emetic. The central antimuscarinic actions of antihistamines are probably responsible for their anti-emetic effects. Promethazine is also believed to inhibit the medullary chemoreceptor trigger zone, and antagonize apomorphine -induced vomiting. Fast dissolving tablets of Promethazine.HCl were prepared using five superdisintegrants viz; sodium starch glycolate, crospovidone, croscarmellose, L-HPC and pregelatinised starch. The precompression blend was tested for angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, compressibility index and Hausner’s ratio. The tablets were evaluated for weight variation, hardness, friability, disintegration time (1 min), dissolution rate, content uniformity, and were found to be within standard limit. It was concluded that the fast dissolving tablets with proper hardness, rapidly disintegrating with enhanced dissolution can be made using selected superdisintegrants. Among the different formulations of Promethazine.HCl was prepared and studied and the formulation S2 containing crospovidone, mannitol and microcrystalline cellulose combination was found to be the fast dissolving formulation. In the present study an attempt has been made to prepare fast dissolving tablets of Promethazine.HCl, by using different superdisintegrants with enhanced disintegration and dissolution rate.
Synthesis and Anti-platelet Activity of 3-phenyl-4(1H)-quinolones
Authors: Garlapati Achaiah , G Aruna , T Saritha Jyostna
Published: August 2020

A series of substituted 3-phenyl-4(1H)-quinolones and their 4-alkoxy derivatives have been prepared and evaluated for antiplatelet activity. Among the series compound IVb1 with 5-ethyl substituent and 4-methoxy group showed greater potency (IC50 = 13.29 µM) when compared to Aspirin (IC50 = 28.10 µM).
Development and Validation of Stability Indicating RP-HPLC Method for Estimation of Voriconazole in Bulk Drug
Authors: V V Wamorkar , Ramaa C S , S Y Manjunath , Reddy V Malla
Published: August 2020

RP-HPLC method has been developed and validated for the determination of voricaonazole in bulk drug. The developed method is found to be specific, reproducible, and stability indicating. The Hypersil, C18 (250 X 4.6 mm) 5μ column was used and mobile phase consisting of water:acetonitrile to achieve good resolution and retention of the analyte and its impurities. The detector linearity was established from concentrations ranging from 5-100 μg/ml. The method was tested at different levels of specificity and accuracy as per requirements given in ICH guidelines. The molecule was exposed to the stress conditions such as acid, base, oxidation, heat and light as per the recommendations of ICH guidelines. The method was proved to be robust with respect to changes in flow rate, mobile phase composition and allied columns. The proposed method is found to be sensitive, precise, rapid, reproducible, and offers good column life.
Improvement of Dissolution Characteristics of Meloxicam by Complexation with Cyclodextrins
Authors: Nandi Saurav , Debnath Subal , S Y Manjunath , V Malla Reddy , Babre Nilesh P , Rao M. Gopal
Published: August 2020

The aim of the present study was an attempt to prepare tablets containing inclusion complexes of meloxicam with β-cyclodextrins and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin to improve the aqueous solubility of the drug, thus enhances its dissolution rate to show a faster onset of action.  Complexation with cyclodextrins has been used as novel approach for designing drug delivery system because of ability for the non-covalent inclusion complexes formation and it has the ability to molecular encapsulate meloxicam into their hydrophobic cavity without the formation of any covalent bonds. Meloxicam complexation with cyclodextrin enhance the drug solubility and dissolution rate. Also cyclodextrins enhance the bioavailability of insoluble drugs by increasing the drug solubility, dissolution and permeability. The carriers used in this study are β-cyclodextrin and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin. Solid complexes of meloxicam with β-cyclodextrin and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin were prepared by two different methods namely, Kneading and Co-evaporation techniques. For kneading method, water-methanol-dichloromethane at 2 : 5 : 3 ratio was used as a solvent blend and for co-evaporation techniques, methanol-dichloromethane was used as solvent blend at 2 : 3 ratio. In each case different proportions of drug and carriers at 90 : 10, 75 : 25, 50 : 50, 25 : 75, 10 : 90 were used in the preparation of solid complexes to evaluate the effect of carrier concentrations on the dissolution characteristics.  A total of 20 meloxicam solid complexes with different carriers were prepared, found to be fine and free flowing powders. The estimated drug content  of the prepared complexes were in the range of 100  ± 5%. The dissolution parameters of T50 and dissolution rate indicated rapid dissolution of meloxicam from the solid complexes when compared with the pure drug and physical mixture. Meloxicam-β-CD (10 : 90) complex gave the highest dissolution rate.
The In-vitro Phytochemicals Investigation on Five Medicinal Plants in Anyigba and its Environs, Kogi State, Nigeria
Authors: Suleiman M.N
Published: August 2020

(Short Communication)

The In-vitro Phytochemicals Investigation on Five Medicinal Plants in 

Anyigba and its Environs, Kogi State, Nigeria

M.N. Suleiman

Kogi State University, Anyigba.
Preparation and Evaluation of a Gas Formation-based Multiple-Unit Gastro-Retentive Floating Delivery System of Dipyridamole
Authors: Rao Y. Madhusudan , V V Katakam , Reddy S , Somagoni J M , Panakanti P K , R C Rallabandi
Published: August 2020

The aim of this study was to prepare mini tablets to be filled into a capsule that is designed to float on the gastric contents based on gas formation technique. The drug-containing core mini-tablets were prepared by wet granulation method followed by a coating of the core units with seal coating, an effervescent layer and a gas-entrapping polymeric membrane (Eudragit RS30D, RL30D). Dipyridamole, which is predominantly absorbed in the upper part of GI tract and unabsorbed/insoluble at the lower intestine, was used as a model drug. The effect of the preparative parameters like amount of the effervescent agent layered onto the seal coated units, type and coating level of the gas-entrapping polymeric membrane, floating ability and drug release properties of the multiple-unit FDDS were evaluated. The formulations were evaluated for pharmacopoeial quality control tests. Physical parameters were found to be within the acceptable limits. The system using Eudragit® RL30D as a gas-entrapping polymeric membrane exhibited floating properties. The time to float decreased as amount of the effervescent agent increased and coating level of gas-entrapping polymeric membrane decreased. The optimum system exhibited complete floating within 3 minutes and maintained that buoyancy over a period of 8 hours. The drug release was sustained and linear with the square root of time. Increasing the coating level of the gas-entrapping polymeric membrane decreased drug release. Both the rapid-floating and sustained-release properties were achieved in the multiple-unit floating delivery system developed in this study. The in vivo gastric residence time was examined by radiograms and it was found that the units remained in the stomach for about 6 hours. The analysis of the dissolution data after storage at 40°C and 75% RH for 6 months showed no significant change indicating good stability.
Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant Activities of Zizphus rotundifolia (Linn.) against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatic Damage in Rats
Authors: P Parameshwar , Reddy Y N , M Aruna Devi
Published: August 2020

Many hepatoprotective herbal preparations have been recommended in alternative system of medicine for the treatment of hepatic disorders. There are few or no systemic studies have been done on protective efficacy of Ziziphus rotundifolia (Rhamnaceae) to treat liver diseases. In this study, hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of ethanolic extracts was evaluated against CCl4-induced liver damage in rats. Liver damage was evidenced by elevated levels of biochemical parameters such as serum glutamate oxaloacetic acid transaminase, glutamate pyruvic transaminase and serum alkaline phosphatase. Treatment with ethanolic extracts of Z. rotundifolia (300 mg/kg, p.o.) produced a significant reversal in the above biochemical parameters, and reducing power, superoxide anion scavenging activity and reduced histopathological scores. These findings suggest that the extracts of Zizphus rotundifolia possess significant hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties.
Formulation, In Vitro Characterization and Clinical Evaluation of Ofloxacin Medicated Dental Gels for Periodontal Infections
Authors: Rao N. G. Raghavendra , Rao K. Purushotham , A Shivanand , Reddy S. Rajendra
Published: August 2020

The objective of the present study was to develop ofloxacin medicated dental gels for extended period of time. The clinical evaluation of ofloxacin was carried out to determine the efficacy in the treatment of periodontitis. The ofloxacin medicated dental gels prepared with different hydrophilic polymers methyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl cellulose and hydroxy ethyl cellulose in different concentrations of propylene glycol. The formulations were subjected for various physic-chemical studies like pH, spreadability, extrudability, viscosity, drug content, in vitro drug release, rheological, stability studies, and clinical studies. During rheological studies showed that all the gels were non-newtonian and exhibit pseudoplastic behavior. Optimal formulations were selected for clinical studies. Six groups, each containing five patients, were used in the study. All the patients were evaluated for plaque index, gingival index, probing depth and bleeding on probing. In all these studies, two groups were treated with only formulations and other two groups were treated with formulations with scaling and root planning. One group is treated with only scaling and root planning, where as last group was treated as control. All the groups showed a similar base line PI. However, PI values decreased remarkably in the groups treated by formulation along with scaling and root planning when compared to other groups. Similarly the results of GI, BOP and PD also show a significant reduction in the groups treated by formulation along with scaling and root planning compared to other groups. The above studies revealed that adjunctive use of ofloxacin gels along with scaling and root planning results in significant benefits in the treatment of periodontitis.
Spherical Crystallization as Particle Engineering Technique to Improve Processability of Poor Flowing Furosemide
Authors: Deshpande Ashwini , Kabra Dhanashri , Deshpande Shirish
Published: August 2020

The pharmaceutical industry is focusing on developing simple and economical formulations to meet desired drug delivery challenges. Tablet continues to be the most popular dosage form. From the manufacturing point of view tablets can be produced at much higher rate than any other dosage forms. The formulation of tablet must be optimized to achieve desired goals. Poor flow of active pharmaceutical ingredient may raise issues like loss of tablet hardness and weight variation. This may restrict the formulator to use granulation techniques or higher levels of lubricants and glidants to impart the flow, which may adversely affect dissolution and compaction. Furosemide is a class IV drug from BCS classification and possesses poor flow properties. The main objective of study was to improve the flow properties of furosemide and thereby improve its solubility leading ultimately improvements in its bioavailability. We used two different techniques of spherical crystallization to improve the flow properties of furosemide. Our results reveal that the spherical crystallization by neutralization technique is better method than wet spherical crystallization to improve the flow properties of furosemide. Flow properties of excipients also affect the compression process. In conclusion, spherical crystallization technique could be used to enhance the flow properties of furosemide.
Evaluation of “In-Use” Stability Period of Lacidipine Tablets in Multi-dose Plastic Container-Closure
Authors: Mukharya Amit , Patel Paresh U , Chaudhary Shivang
Published: August 2020

Lacidipine (LCDP) is chemically a 1,4-dihydropyridine derivative and pharmacologically a “calcium channel blocker” used as an anti-hypertensive agent. Lacidipine is most sensitive to light and moisture, which is in line with the well-known sensitivity of the dihydropyridine class of compounds. In general, moisture protection can be obtained by packaging into moisture impermeable material, while light protection can be obtained by covering tablets with an opaque film coating.  But, when film-coated tablets are packed in High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) multi-dose plastic containers and closures, repeated opening and closing may pose a risk to their contents with regard to microbiological contamination and physicochemical degradation once the closure system has been breached. The continued integrity of the product in multi-dose containers after the first opening is an important quality issue.  Thus, the main objective of the present in-use stability study was to establish a period of time during which a multi-dose Lacidipine tablet product can be used whilst retaining quality within an accepted specification once the container is opened. The extent of drug product testing was established by assessing whether or not there was acceptable change, mainly in terms of impurities generated by different factors and microbial loads mainly in terms of bacteria/yeast/mould occurrence over the in-use stability or at the end of the in-use stability study period. Our results from drug assay, dissolution and impurity profile studies assessed as per the regulatory specifications suggest that the lacidipine product should be used within 4 weeks after opening of the container. The container should be closed tightly after each use to limit drug product degradation.
Recent Advances in Pharmacotherapy of Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Pareek Ajay Kumar , Garg S K , P Saini , Pitliya P , Choudhary S L , Puri D , Bhambu S
Published: August 2020

Ulcerative colitis is a form of chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that produces inflammation and ulcers along the inside of the colon, which can interfere with the normal function of the colon. The disease typically starts to manifest in patients as young adults.  Ulcerative colitis is an intermittent disease with periods of exacerbated symptoms, or flares, and periods that are relatively symptom-free. According to the Cohn’s and Colitis Foundation of America, several millions people suffer from ulcerative colitis worldwide. Current therapeutic approaches for ulcerative colitis are partially successful despites advances in GIT research. A significant proportion of patients with ulcerative colitis undergo colectomy. Nearly 50% patients do not achieve sustained remission, leading to impairment of physical and mental health, social life, employment issues and sexual activity. Budesonide is an oral, extended release synthetic corticosteroid that is recently approved for UC.  Enteric-coated budesonide formulations resist gastric-acid degradation, delivering active drug to the small intestine and proximal colon. Budesonide is specifically indicated for the induction of remission in patients with active, mild to moderate ulcerative colitis. Budesonide has a high first-pass metabolism with minimal systemic absorption. This review describes recent advances in the pharmacotherapy of ulcerative colitis and outlines why future studies targeting sustained suppression of inflammation could have an enormous impact on the natural course of the disease. Ulcerative colitis needs intense therapy and it should be maintained until sustained remission and mucosal healing has been reached.
Optimization of Simultaneous Analysis of Cefixime and Dicloxacillin Sodium in Oral Tablets
Authors: Patel Heena J , Chaudhari Bharat G
Published: August 2020

The present manuscript describes simple, sensitive, rapid, accurate, precise and economical spectrophotometric method for the simultaneous determination of cefixime and dicloxacillin sodium in their combined tablet dosage form. The method was based on additive property of absorbance and correction of absorbance for the analysis of two drugs using methanol as solvent. The two wavelengths were selected from the UV spectra of both the drugs, which 218.4 nm and 289 nm. Cefixime was determined directly at 289 nm (λmax of cefixime) without any interference of dicloxacillin sodium in binary mixture. At 218.4 nm, both drugs have reasonable absorbance. So to remove interference of cefixime, its absorbance was calculated by using its standard absorptivity values at this wavelength. Finally, corrected absorbance of dicloxacillin sodium at 218.4 nm was found by subtracting the absorbance of cefixime from the total absorbance at 218.4 nm. The linearity was found in the concentration range of 3-16 μg/ml for both the drugs. The % recovery was found in the range of 100.22 ± 0.43 and 100.46 ± 0.32 for cefixime and dicloxacillin sodium respectively. The intermediate precision data obtained under different experimental setup, the calculated value of % coefficient of variation (% CV) was found to be less than critical value. The method was successfully applied for the simultaneous determination of these two drugs from their combined tablet dosage form without any interference.
Surface Modified Nanoparticulate Carriers for the Targeted Treatment of Breast Cancer
Authors: Mishra Neeraj , Singh Tejinder , Nidhi  , Hallan Supandeep Singh , Kaur Veerpal
Published: August 2020

Breast cancer left overs one of the greatest common metastasis disease in females. Advanced diagnostic devices and better understanding of tumour biology can extend the better therapeutic outcomes. Nanotechnology is a tool that helps in cancer diagnosis and treatment therapy. Many nanocarriers such as solid lipid nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, nanocrystals, nanogels, nano-lipid nanocarriers, biodegradable nanoparticles, liposomes, and dendrimers are introduced to improve the therapeutic efficacy of antineoplastic agents. Surface modified target drug delivery system has the potential to increase the therapeutic effects and also reduce the cytotoxicity of breast cancer. Different approaches have been explored for treatment of breast cancer. This review describes the recent advances in the development of nanocarriers used for the targeted treatment of breast cancer. It also focuses on etiology, risk factor and conventional therapy of breast cancer.

KEYWORDS: Breast Cancer; Nano-carriers; Tumor Targeting; Ligands; Receptor.
Preparation and In Vivo Characterization of Niosomal Carriers of the Antidiabetic Drug Repaglinide
Authors: Namdev Shrishti , Gujar Kishore , Mandlik Satish , Jamkar Preeti
Published: August 2020

The objective of this study is to prepare and characterise repaglinide niosomes using the Factorial Design strategy.Repaglinide is a potent second-generation oral hypoglycemic agent and has short half-life of 1 hour and oral bioavailability of 50%. Preparing Niosomal drugdelivery of repaglinide may increase its bioavailability which would lead to better therapeutic effects, reduce the frequency of dosing from twice a day to once a day and decrease side effects. The preliminary study was carried out for selection of surfactant and method of preparation based on least particle size and highest entrapment efficiency. For niosome preparation, organic solvent injection method was selected and span 60, cholesterol were selected as variable. A32 factorial design was used to optimize the effect of amounts of span 60(X1) and cholesterol (X2) which were the independent variables. Particle size (Y1) and entrapment efficiency (Y2) were the dependent variables. Relation between the dependent and independent variables were drawn out from the mathematical equations and response surface plots.Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA which was found to be significant and quadratic equation was obtained by MLRA. The particle size was found to be in range of 144-497 nm and entrapment efficiency between 54-88%. Scanning electron microscopy indicated the spherical shape of the niosomes and formation of vesicle. Zeta potential analysis showed negatively charged surface with value of-36.7 mV. In vitro drug release profile showed that drug released fast initially followed by a slow release. In vivo pharmacokinetic study revealed that the niosomal preparation showed significant decrease in blood glucose level when compared to free repaglinide. The developed niosomal system also has potential of maintaining therapeutic level of RPG for longer period of time.Thus,the niosomes could be promising carriers for delivery ofrepaglinide with increased
Simple RP-UFLC Method for Analysis of Asenapine Maleate
Authors: Panda Sagar Suman , B V V Ravi Kumar , Dash Rabisankar , Patro Chandra Sekhar
Published: August 2020

A stability-indicating reversed phase ultra-fast liquid chromatographic method was developed to determine asenapine maleate (ASN) in pharmaceutical dosage form. A two level factorial design was adopted to improve intermediate precision considering analysts, instruments and number of days as the variables. Chromatographic separation was achieved on Enable-C18G (250× 4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm) column using acetonitrile: 0.01M TBAHS    (40:60 v/v) as mobile phase at flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and with PDA detection at 229 nm. Calibration curve was linear in the range of 1.0-200 μg/ml. Values of accuracy were within the acceptance limit with mean percent recoveries between 101.2-101.5%. The percent RSD values were within the acceptance limit for repeatability and intermediate precision. Limit of detection and limit of quantitation were found to be 0.25 and 0.5 μg/ml, respectively. Besides, applicability of analytical method showed high specificity for ASN and its degradation products formed during forced degradation studies. The developed UFLC method was found to be specific, selective, accurate, precise and robust for determination of ASN in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form.
Formulation Development of Metoprolol Succinate Controlled Release Tablets using Ethyl-cellulose-polyvinyl-pyrrolidone Coating
Authors: Vangara Kiran Kumar , Konda Kishore K. , Ravula Shiva K. , Vuppala Pradeep K , Sripuram Vijay K. , Samala Sushma
Published: August 2020

It is challenging to develop a controlled release (CR) formulation for a freely water soluble drug molecule without using rate controlling polymers in the core matrix. This study is aimed to develop and evaluate cost-effective ethyl cellulose (EC)-polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) film coating that can effectively control the release of freely water soluble drug, metoprolol succinate (MS) and to match that of release profile with its marketed tablet. Simple core tables of MS were compressed and coated with a solution composed of hydrophobic rate controlling polymer, EC and water soluble pore forming polymer, PVP. The effect of formulation parameters such as the ratio of EC to PVP and tablet coating weight gain on the in-vitro drug release were evaluated. Release profile of the optimized formulation at different pH conditions was determined and the similarity factor (f2) with marketed release profile was calculated.It was observed that drug release rate increased with a decrease in the ratio of ethyl cellulose to PVP and decreased with increased weight gain of the coating membrane. Among all the formulations, the formulation with EC and PVP at a ratio of 60:40 %w/w and 9% weight gain showed matching release profile to marketed tablet with f2 value of 72.25. The optimized formulation showed pH independent in-vitro release. This study successfully demonstrated that EC-PVP film coating can effectively control the release rate of freely soluble drugs. Once a day CR formulation of metoprolol succinate pharmaceutically equivalent to marketed tablet was developed.
Simultaneous Analysis of Paracetamol and Flupirtine in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms by RP-HPLC Method
Authors: Mohammad, Abdul Saleem , Farheen Seema , Reddy Ch. Yella , Nuha Rasheed , Swetha Devidi , Sahoo Laxmidhar , Tripathy Bimala , Das Rajaram
Published: August 2020

A simple, rapid, specific, accurate and precise reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of paracetamol and flupirtine in tablet dosage form. A YMC C18 5 mm column having 250 x 4.6 mm id in Isocratic mode with mobile phase containing 0.1 M potassium dihydrogen phosphate: methanol (70:30) was used. The flow rate was 0.8 ml/min and effluents were monitored at 271 nm. The method was validated for accuracy, precision, specificity, linearity and sensitivity. The retention times of paracetamol and flupirtine were 1.8 min and 3.0 min respectively. The calibration curves were linear over a concentration range from 81-243 µg/ml for paracetamol and over a concentration range from 25-75 µg/ml for flupirtine. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were 3.83 and 12.77 for paracetamol and 1.05 and 3.51 for flupirtine, respectively. The developed method was fast, accurate, precise and successfully applied to estimate the amount of paracetamol and flupirtine in bulk sample and tablet dosage form so it can be used for regular quality control of the drug.
Evaluation of Wound Healing Activity of Schinus Molle Fruits Essential Oil in Rats
Authors: Hakim Antoine , Wahed Wassim Abdel , Nayal Ream
Published: August 2020

Wounds are injuries that break the skin or other body tissues. They often happen because of an accident or surgery. They include cuts, scrapes, scratches, and punctured skin. Herbal extracts and essential oils have been used since ancient civilizations to treat wounds. Schinus molle L. (Anacardiaceae) is an aromatic tree originated from South America but now it is cultivated in Mediterranean area. The plant was used in folk medicine as a vulnarary. However there is no scientific evidence regarding its use in wound healing, therefore the aim of the present study was to evaluate the wound healing activity of fruit essential oil. Ointment containing 2, 10, and 15 % (w/w) essential oil and nanocapsules (2%) was formulated and their wound healing activity was investigated. Pharma-ceutical forms was topically applied on incision wound model that was created on lumbar region of rats and the wound length was measured daily until complete healing. Results of this study demonstrated that essential oil has wound healing effect; this effect varies depending on concentration. Treatment the wound with nanocapsules 2% or essential oil 10% showed the best activity compared to negative control. We concluded that formulated oil as nanocapsules is very effective in wound healing.
АНАЛІЗ І ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ РОЗВИТКУ ПІДПРИЄМНИЦЬКОГО АУТСОРСИНГУ В ІТ-ГАЛУЗІ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Купріянова В.С. , Шведова Г.М.
Published: August 2020

Одне з найбільш активно розвиваючихся напрямків аутсорсингу підприємницької діяльності – IT-аутсорсинг. Через кризові явища в економіці, які змушують підприємців оптимізувати витрати, IT-аутсорсинг зростає в Україні значними темпами. Виключну актуальність має розробка наукових основ розвитку української IT-галузі з урахуванням процесів аутсорсингу для покращення іміджу України. У статті розглянуто поняття аутсорсингу та інсорсингу, аналізується міжнародний і вітчизняний досвід щодо застосування аутсорсингу, наведено показники виторгу від реалізації ІТ-послуг на міжнародних ринках й України. Запропоновані методи підвищення ефективності IT-сектору України, зокрема, рівня надання послуг аутсорсингу, які нададуть можливість прогнозувати їхній розвиток та більш обґрунтовано вибирати інструменти забезпечення зростання економічної результативності. Доведено стратегічні перспективи розвитку ІТ-аутсорсингу для економіки України.
ІНВЕСТИЦІЇ В СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКУ ГАЛУЗЬ УКРАЇНИ: РЕАЛІЇ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ У ЗВ’ЯЗКУ З ВІДКРИТТЯМ РИНКУ ЗЕМЛІ
Authors: Кушнір С.О. , Журавльова А.К.
Published: August 2020

У статті розглянуто зміст інвестицій у науковій літературі. Проаналізовано динаміку прямих іноземних інвестицій в економіку України. Досліджено структуру та динаміку прямих інвестицій в Україну за країнами походження. Розглянуто структуру прямих іноземних інвестицій в Україну за видами економічної діяльності та визначено частку інвестицій у сільське господарство України. Проаналізовано основні економічні, правові, фінансові, політичні, соціальні негативні чинники, які впливають на інвестиційний клімат галузі сільського господарства України. Проаналізовано зміст нормативно-правової бази щодо земельної реформи в України, а саме основні пункти, які стосуються відкриття ринку землі, який дає змогу купувати та продавати землю. Визначено напрями сільського господарства, які перш за все потребують інвестиційної підтримки, акцентовано увагу на необхідності підвищеного контролю за виконанням норм закону про землю, особливо щодо кінцевих бенефіціарів покупців.
ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ АСПЕКТИ АЛЬТЕРНАТИВНИХ ДЖЕРЕЛ ФІНАНСУВАННЯ СУБ’ЄКТІВ ГОСПОДАРЮВАННЯ В ЕПОХУ ДІДЖИТАЛІЗАЦІЇ: КРАУД-ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ
Authors: Астахова Н.І. , Іорга С.М. , Гамзаєв Е.М.
Published: August 2020

У статті поглиблені та розширені теоретичні аспекти джерел фінансування суб’єктів господарювання в сучасних умовах, такі як крауд-технології. Однією з важливих проблем ефективного функціонування суб’єктів господарювання незалежно від форм власності є фінансове забезпечення їх розвитку. Розглянуто джерела фінансування підприємств, подано характеристику власних та позикових джерел у забезпеченні ефективної діяльності підприємства. З огляду на складнощі банківського кредитування особливого значення набувають альтернативні джерела фінансування суб’єктів господарювання. Визначено, що одним з альтернативних джерел фінансування на фінансовому ринку є крауд-технології. Розкрито поняття краудфандингу, проведено аналіз сутності та значення краудфандингу як способу задоволення бізнесу фінансовими ресурсами. Визначено основні принципи його застосування. Встановлено, що для ідентифікації та ефективного управління джерелами фінансування суб’єктів господарювання важливо опанувати різницю між краудфайдингом, краудлендингом та краудінвестингом. Наведено перелік основних переваг та недоліків використання крауд-технологій щодо фінансування суб’єктів господарювання. Наведено статистику краудфайдингу у світі.
НЕЧІТКИЙ СТРАТЕГІЧНИЙ АНАЛІЗ ВНУТРІШНЬОГО СЕРЕДОВИЩА ДИВЕРСИФІКОВАНОГО ПІДПРИЄМСТВА
Authors: Балан В.Г.
Published: August 2020

У статті пропонується методичний підхід до здійснення стратегічного аналізу внутрішнього середовища диверсифікованого підприємства на основі застосування інструментарію нечітко-множинного моделювання. Для досягнення поставлених цілей у роботі використовуються методи стратегічної діагностики та нечіткі методи багатокритерійного оцінювання Fuzzy AHP та Fuzzy SAW. Розроблена модель містить блок діагностики ідентифікованих складників функціональних сфер діяльності диверсифікованого підприємства та блок оцінювання. Для застосування запропонованої методики розроблено розрахункову схему в Excel, за допомогою якої можна здійснювати трансформацію лінгвістичних оцінок експертів у нечіткі числа, реалізувати обчислення нечітких значень рівня складників внутрішнього середовища підприємства та їх дефазифікацію, а також проводити імітаційне моделювання залежно від корекції міркувань експертів.