bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Design and Installation of Solar Pumping System for Pond Aeration in the Mina Makmur Fish Cultivator Group at Desa Ringinharjo, Bantul
Authors: Nadjib Muhammad , Anugrah Kusuma Yudha Fitroh , Kurniawan Aditya , Mujiyana  , Ardiyansyah Nur , Wibowo Teguh
Published: September 2023

The fish cultivator group “Mina Makmur” manages tilapia nursery ponds. The group faced a problem, namely: the growth of fish fingerlings was not assuring, and their bodies looked weak. This phenomenon is assumed to be due to poor pool water quality, which affects the lack of oxygen. The solution given is that the fishponds require an aerator. The solar-powered aerator was a choice to minimize operational costs. This paper aimed to design and install a solar pumping system as an aerator in a fishpond. The design begins with a site survey. A water pump was selected based on survey results. The solar module was designed using the current concept. The result of the design of the solar pumping system was that it requires a DC water pump with a power of 26.4 W and a solar module with a capacity of 60 Wp. The solar module was installed in a location free of shade and as close to the pump as possible, and the pump was placed outside the pond. These designed and installed solar pumping systems were functioning correctly. The resulting water discharge was 3.03 liters/minute at an average solar irradiance of 795.46 W/m2.
Analysis of Willingness to Pay for Toll Users in Central Java Province
Authors: Tri Hermani Wahyuningsih , Setyawan Ary , Syafi’i  , Gravitiani Evi
Published: September 2023

Transportation infrastructure is a crucial component of national development. Road infrastructure development could lead to increased productivity, global competitiveness, employment opportunities, real sector growth, and reduced poverty. Therefore, this case study aimed to assess the willingness of toll road users in Central Java Province to pay for toll roads and the extent to which the parameters of gender, education, type of vehicle, and occupation affect the willingness to pay. The study also analyzed the variables influencing the toll user’s willingness to pay (WTP). These variables include road conditions, income, age, type of vehicle, frequency of toll users, and travel destinations. Eviews software was used to analyze the economic impact of toll users through logistics regression. Furthermore, Stata software was used to conduct a descriptive analysis of the questionnaire data. The results showed that the frequency of toll users has the greatest impact on willingness to pay, surpassing traffic conditions, type of vehicle, purpose of travel, and travel time. The odds ratio value for the toll user’s frequency was 66.85 [95% CI (13.02-343.07)]. It means that people using toll access more than 15 times are 66.85 times more willing to pay than those using the roads less frequently.
Basic thermodynamic description of adsorption of polar and nonpolar molecules on AOGW
Authors: Jumaeva Dilnoza , Raximov Umidjon , Toirov Olimjon , Ergashev Oybek , Abdyrakhimov Akmal
Published: September 2023

In this article, the differential thermal adsorption, adsorption isotherm, integral entropy, and thermokinetics results and their analysis of the polar molecule H2O vapor selected as adsorbate in the adsorbents obtained by the traditional method of thermal and water vapor activation of grape seed waste under the influence of temperature and their analysis,Qd, ΔF, ΔSand isotherm, curves of differential heat, and kinetics of the experimental research results are presented, as a result of which the law of adsorption in active canter’s is determined.
Effect of Feeding Size of Cassava Leaf by Chopper Machine on Milk Production of Goat at Kemirikebo Village
Authors: Yudhanto Ferriawan , Rachmawati Putri , Agustin Citravia
Published: September 2023

A chopper machine that functions as a feeding chopper is often used in agriculture and animal husbandry. The design of this machine is different from a commercial chopper. It is used with a set length of chopped sizes variation in 4 sizes, 1, 3, 5, and 7 cm. Chopped sizes based on the farmer’s requirement to meet standard feeding sizes will impact livestock production. Smaller sizes of feeding, mainly forage (basal feeding) which is easier to digest, will increase feeding efficiency. This research aims to inform farmers about the importance of knowing the forage size for goats that will increase livestock productivity. The 3-5 cm chopped cassava leaf’s optimum size raises milk production from 700 to 1000 ml/day/goat (raising to 42%). This is because the size of the chopped forage makes it easier for the microbial in the goat’s rumen to be digested.
Improving residential plastic waste management strategies for increasing value added to environmental sustainability
Authors: Saptutyningsih Endah , Sumbogo Yudha , Bahrul Ulum Muhammad , Paripurna Kamiel Berli
Published: September 2023

The plastic waste which was not handled and managed properly has several negative environmental consequences. This study was conducted to assess the awareness, practice, and attitude towards the existing solid waste management programs of the community in Panggungharjo Bantul, Indonesia. It also aims to determine the correlation between the characteristics of the respondent and plastic waste management strategies. The study used a questionnaire survey method of post the community service program. The forty-five households were surveyed using a validated, self-administered instrument and would be analyzed. This study found that there was an increase in public knowledge and awareness of sorting waste, greenhouse gases, and the impact of solid waste on greenhouse gas emissions after the training. The households were aware of the existing solid waste management programs, sorted waste and processed plastic waste into shreds using the machines that have been granted so that they have added value if they are sold and recycled waste into more useful products. We have highlighted the challenges produced by insufficient plastic waste processing and the potential remedies that can be supplied to ensure a good atmosphere and lessen the causes of climate change.
Activity for Diesel Particulate Matter Oxidation of Silver Supported on Al2O3, TiO2, ZnO, and CeO2: The Effect of Oxygen Concentration
Authors: Promhuad Punya , Sawatmongkhon Boonlue , Chollacoop Nuwong , Theinnoi Kampanart , Wongchang Thawatchai , Juntasaro Ekachai
Published: September 2023

Particulate matter (PM) is a problem for human health the major producer of PM are diesel engines. The diesel particulate filters (DPFs) are used for the limitation of the PM. The DPF operation consists of two sequential functions: PM filtering and regeneration. One of the main contributing factors affecting the regeneration of DPF is the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas. This study investigates the impact of different oxygen concentrations (99.99%, 10%, and 5%) on (PM) oxidation when using silver catalysts supported on CeO2, ZnO, TiO2, and Al2O3. The synthesized catalysts were characterized using XRD, SEM, SEMEDX, and H2-TPR techniques, and the PM oxidation activity was evaluated using TGA. The results demonstrated that different oxygen concentrations had little effect on light VOCs oxidation compared to no catalyst or the same catalyst. However, heavy VOCs and soot combustion, which require a higher oxygen concentration, significantly reduce combustion performance when the oxygen concentration decreases.
Sustainable Smart Polymer Composite Materials: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Sahayaraj A. Felix , Dhamotharan S. , Sandeep D. , Ramachandran P. , Jenish I. , Divakaran Divya , Suyambulingam Indran , Sanjay M. R. , Siengchin Suchart
Published: September 2023

This review provides a thorough analysis of the progress made in smart polymer composite materials, which have recently been seen as potential game-changers in areas such as construction, aerospace, biomedical engineering, and energy. This article emphasizes the distinctive characteristics of these materials, including their responsiveness to stimuli like temperature, light, and pressure, and their potential uses in different industries. This paper also examines the difficulties and restrictions associated with the creation and utilization of smart polymer composite materials. This review seeks to provide a thorough understanding of smart polymer composite materials and their potential to offer innovative solutions for a variety of applications.
A Comparison of Fiber Types in Community for Mist Collection
Authors: Ananacha Thana , Amornleetrakul Onvalee
Published: September 2023

The production of clean water from evaporated water in fog has been very attractive in recent decades. Massive fog accumulation combined with simple concepts and technologies with respect to water production has resulted in sustainable environmental impact in producing clean, low-cost water for arid areas around the world. Mist collection systems work best in locations with repetitive fog conditions where fog is driven by wind especially coastal areas. However, the technology can also be used in mountainous areas where there is water in the Stratocumulus clouds at elevations of about 2,000-6,500 feets. The purpose of this research was to compare the fiber types that collect mist water by testing with atmospheric conditions in Khao Yai Thiang, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, which is 800 meters above sea level to produce water for the community and suitable for Thailand. The test was carried out by stretching 12 different fibers to a wooden frame measuring 0.50 x 0.50 m2 and installing it horizontally. Field tests found that three types of horizontal water droplet materials, which were the best mist water collector, are synthetic fibers: nylon net, plastic net, and polyethylene net. All three materials behave very differently. Especially, the temperature profile of the plastic net has the highest temperature in the afternoon and the lowest temperature in the night. Nylon net has a temperature close to the air temperature throughout the day but slightly lower. These materials will be used in the design of the moisture trap tower in the next experiment. In the first experiment, there was not much water and water droplets clinging to the fibers as blotted dots with tissue paper because the fog period is not long enough.
Trends in the Training of Cardiopulmonary Perfusionists
Authors: Roush Robert E. , Beall Arthur C. , Nathanson Julie M. , Beall Madeline M.
Published: September 2023

While the most significant developments in perfusion technology have occurred in the past twenty-five to thirty years, interest in extracorporeal circulation was evident as early as the 18th Century. In this article (1) early developments in the field up to the first use of a heart-lung machine by Gibbon are traced; (2) development of accreditation and certification processes is described; (3) data on the current and continued need for perfusionists in the U.S. are presented; and (4) the Baylor College of Medicine baccalaureate program in perfusion is described. One conclusion drawn from information on the need for perfusionists and from information concerning extent of perfusion education is that perfusionists could work more effectively with surgeons than is presently the case if they are more broadly trained and, consequently, delegated greater responsibilities in and out of the operating room.
Clinical Use of a New Membrane Oxygenator
Authors: Dearing James P. , Crawford Fred A. , Kratz John M. , Stroud Martha
Published: September 2023

A new oxygenator, developed by Shiley Laboratories, uses microporous polypropylene membrane material in a parallel plate design. The device has an integral heat exchanger and built-in temperature ports.

The M-2000 oxygenator was used for routine cardiopulmonary bypass ( CPB) during open heart surgery on sixteen consenting adult patients. Mean age of the group was 56 years and the mean body surface area was 1.77m2. One patient had an atrial septal defect repaired, nine had coronary bypass, five had valve replacement and one, a valve replacement with coronary bypass. The average CPB time was 105 minutes.

The circuit was primed with 2000 ml of balanced electrolyte solution and 500 ml of 6% hydroxyethyl starch in 0.9% saline to which 1500 units of heparin had been added.

Average normothermic blood gas values were; PaO2=242 mm Hg, PaCO2=32.5 mmHg. During hypothermia the temperature corrected mean values were; PaO2=155 mm Hg and PaCO2=31 mm Hg. Hematological changes observed were hematocrit and hemoglobin concentrations decreased 33% due to dilution. Platelet counts decreased 46%. Plasma hemoglobin values increase a by 19.6 mg/dl.

The M-2000 presented no problems to the investigators during this study. It exchanged gases in a satisfactory manner and is gentle in its blood handling properties.
Metabolic Rate, Temperature, and Acid-Base Control: The Best Strategy and Our Needs to Achieve It
Authors: Swan Henry
Published: September 2023

Important recent knowledge concerning acid-base status during hypothermia is briefly summarized. A basic diagram of pH-CO2 relationships during cooling with diluted blood is presented to illustrate the three possible acid-base management strategies during hypothermic perfusion. On the basis of an extensive review of pertinent literature on the effect of excess CO2 and acidosis on the hypothermic brain and heart during hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (H-CPB), it is recommended that no CO2 be added to any ventilatory gas and that respiratory alkalosis is the optimal acidbase strategy during perfusion cooling with circulatory arrest. The great need for on-line blood gas monitoring instrumentation, so that perfusionists may actually identify and control the acid-base status of the patient during hypothermia, is emphasized.
In Vitro Effects of Priming Agents on Blood Sedimentation Rate and Viscosity
Authors: Coston Howard P. , Dearing James P.
Published: September 2023

Blood from seven male patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery was mixed with four priming agents (hydroxyethyl starch (HES), low molecular weight dextran (LMWD), lactated Ringer’s solution (LRS), and 5 percent normal serum albumin (ALB), at concentrations of I percent, 10 percent, 20 percent, and 30 percent. Each sample was then assayed for erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and blood and plasma viscosities.

Results show a positive correlation between increasing HES concentration and ESR, blood viscosity, and plasma viscosity. A positive correlation also exists between increasing LMWD concentration and blood and plasma viscosities. However, a negative correlation was found between LMWD concentration and ESR.

Results indicate a significant red cell aggregating property for HES, and a significant inhibition of red cell aggregation by LMWD.
Evaluation of Blood Cardioplegia Administration Systems
Authors: Tamari Yehuda , Tamari Yehuda , Nelson Roy L. , Levy Ronald S. , Rea-Azzaretto Nancy , Salogub Michele , Carolina Clifford C. , James Melanee , Smith Scott , Hall Michael H. , Moccio Carmine G. , Tortolani Anthony J.
Published: September 2023

Four different blood cardioplegia administration systems (CAS) were evaluated for ease of use, cooling capacity, uniformity of mixing and blood flow capability. The CAS were one single pass (SP) and three recirculating CAS (RC). Each of the RC had a different reservoir; the first a cardiotomy reservoir (CARD), the second a transfer bag, and the third the GISH system.

Each CAS was primed and debubbled with crystalloid. For RC, blood was collected, potassium added, and the solution cooled to 10°C. With SP, the infusate temperature at the field was measured at different flows and oxygenator temperatures. Hematocrit and potassium were measured at the start and end of cardioplegia administration.

Single pass had the least tubing, lowest priming volume and the simplest design. For RC, l0°C infusate temperature was obtained fastest with the heat exchanger at the pump outlet and slowest at the reservoir inlet. For SP, the temperature at the field increased as either the oxygenator temperature and/or the cardioplegia flow rate increased. Only RC with CARD produced nonuniform mixing (initial potassium and hematocrit compared to the end of infusion were 16 percent lower and 36 percent higher respectively). At 10°C infusate temperature, RC allowed higher flow rates than SP. The GISH administration tubing had high resistance (800 mmHg at 500 mllmin).

GISH is flow-limited by resistance and SP by cooling capacity. Clinically, if oxygenator temperature and infusion flows are such that SP can be used it is preferred. Otherwise, RC with low resistance tubing and heat exchanger within the reservoir is optimal.
Implosion/Explosion of a Bentley Cardiotomy Reservoir during Autotransfusion with a Cell Saver
Authors: Cimochowski George E. , Gray David W. , Fardin Rostam
Published: September 2023

An implosion/explosion hazard exists in those institutions using a Bentley BCR 3000° cardiotomy reservoir during autotransfusion if the wall vacuum is applied to the reservoir and the sucker tip becomes occluded for fifty or more seconds. A case report and preventive measures are presented.
A Comparative Study of Five Filtered Cardiotomy Reservoirs
Authors: Swanney Peter J.
Published: September 2023

Five commercially available cardiotomy reservoirs (CR) were tested to determine:

Gaseous microemboli removal efficiency

Manufacturer contaminant levels

Blood hold-up volume

The gaseous microemboli were detected by a doppler type ultrasonic detector. Manufacturer contaminant levels were counted by flushing each CR with filtered water and collecting the contaminants on a filter paper. This was then examined under a light microscope and size and counts were taken. The blood hold-up volume was determined by finding the difference in volume in a cylinder between flowing through the CR and bypassing it.

The lntersept and BST-l CR were found to be significantly more efficient at removing the gaseous microemboli. All the CR had a large number of contaminants which included a particle count range from 10-278 greater than 100 microns. The lntersept CR had less hold-up volume then the others.
Efficacy of Apneic Oxygenation with Extracorporeal Carbon Dioxide Removal for Ventilatory Support during Acute Respiratory Failure
Authors: Beckley Philip D. , Tallman Richard D.
Published: September 2023

Apneic oxygenation (AO) with extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (ECCO2R) was investigated as a gas exchange support technique during acute respiratory failure (ARF). The purpose of this work was to study the limitations of AO and ECCO2R in the pig challenged with pulmonary artery infusions of E. Coli endotoxin as a model of ARF. Fourteen animals of 36.5 kg average weight were placed on AO with simultaneous ECCO2R accomplished with a venovenous bypass through a membrane lung. Bypass blood flow rate remained constant at 1 L/min in all trials. Inlet gas fraction (FiO2) was varied between 0.209 and 1.0. With ECCO2R, arterial pCO2 and pH were held to mean values of 36.9 mmHg and 7.41 respectively. Arterial pO2 was directly related to the membrane lung FiO2 and was inversely related to pulmonary shunt resulting from the ARF. AO with ECCO2R was shown to be an easily manageable ventilatory support technique capable of meeting the gas exchange requirements of a porcine model of endotoxin induced respiratory distress.
A Technique for Computerized Monitoring and Analysis of a Pulsed Doppler System to Count ECC Gaseous Microemboli
Authors: Riley J.B. , Fitch R.W.
Published: September 2023

A computer with analog to digital conversion capabilities is employed to monitor the peak signal from a pulsed doppler system designed to non-invasively count microbubbles. The bubble detector has two probes for measuring ECC component inlet and outlet gaseous microemboli (GME) counts. The detector selectively processes signals from reflected targets with the impedance of gas.

An indirect calibration procedure employing screen filters is outlined. The peak signal output of the bubble detector is linear in response to GME expected diameter and the GME detector measurement system is subject to coincidence error.

The multiple GME size frequency distribution samples measured at ECC test device inlet and outlet are passed to a statistical software package. The measured GME size frequency distributions fit a normal curve. The increase in the number of smaller GME at the outlet of certain ECC components suggests a coincidence error in the bubble detector or that the ECC device is breaking larger bubbles into smaller bubbles.

Consistent, small standard deviation, and useful GME profiles may be rapidly collected for statistical analysis and comparison by a microcomputer. This data collection system is capable of quantitating ECC component GME production or removal, debubbling process times, necessity for CO2 gas flush and routine clinical maneuvers.
Mechanische Eigenschaften der Arterien
Authors: Wyvekens Marc , Hirth Thomas , Wyvekens Jérôme
Published: September 2023

Dieser Artikel beschäftigt sich mit den biomechanischen Eigenschaften der
Arterien und dem Einfluss des perivaskulären Gewebes auf die Durchblutung.
Es wird erläutert, wie die Arterien in ihrer Umgebung stabilisiert sind, wie
sie sich gegenüber der Umgebung bewegen und wie sich das
perivaskuläre Gewebe und die Arterien gegenseitig beeinflussen.
Anschließend wird, abgeleitet aus der embryologischen Entwicklung, eine
Referenzposition für die unteren Extremitäten vorgeschlagen. Am Ende
des Artikels werden am Beispiel der unteren Extremität osteopathische
Techniken gezeigt, welche die biomechanische Integration der Beinarterien als Ziel
haben.
Research on topology optimization method of surface support structure based on leaf vein growth process
Authors: Dong Xin , Yao Leijiang , Liu Hongjun , Ding You
Published: September 2023

In this paper, a biomimetic topology optimization design method that simulates the growth pattern of leaf veins is proposed for the design of the support structure of ultra-light airfoil-like solar cells in the solar powered unmanned aerial vehicle. This method simulates the optimal growth process of main vein morphology through the topology change of dynamic point groups to obtain an optimized topological main support structure and then generates a Voronoi grid structure in the area surrounded by the main support structure to increase the local support for the battery. The whole process is combined with genetic algorithm to simulate the optimal distribution strategy of leaf vein growth by inputting a small number of parameters. Compared with the traditional grid support structure, the support structure obtained by simulating the leaf vein growth optimization strategy can provide more efficient support for the solar panel and avoid damage to the solar cell.
Transitioning operational satellite grassland curing from MODIS to VIIRS
Authors: Wright Danielle , Majewski Leon
Published: September 2023

Background In Australia, grassland curing (senescence) is an essential component in fire danger calculations. In seven (out of eight) states/territories in Australia, operational curing data are derived from the MapVictoria satellite model. From 2013 to 2023, MapVictoria data have been calculated using MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data from the Terra satellite. Terra has exceeded its designed mission lifetime, but the continuation of satellite curing data is crucial for fire agencies to continue fire danger calculations. Aims The aim of this study was to adjust the MapVictoria model so it could be calculated using a newer satellite sensor system: Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS). Methods Data from the VIIRS bands were adjusted to match those of MODIS using timeseries from 2013 to 2020. The adjusted VIIRS bands were used to derive a VIIRS curing model: ‘viirs-mvcuring’. Key results The viirs–mvcuring model exhibited lower curing estimates than MODIS by up to 2.6% in Northern sites and 1.4% in Southern sites and exhibited lower curing estimates than ground-based curing by 0.1% in Northern sites and 3.5% in Southern sites. Conclusions The development of the viirs–mvcuring model has ensured continued availability of satellite curing data. Implications The transition to VIIRS will provide continued input of curing into fire danger calculations across Australia.
The communicative CLIL classroom
Authors: Frank Schmid Silvia
Published: September 2023

The article addresses how heterogenous primary school students in Switzerland use learning opportunities to
develop their English-speaking competences offered in Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL). Based on the lesson study
approach, two task-based CLIL modules combining the subjects English and art were implemented in different primary classes with a
focus on three case pupils in each class who represent high-attaining, average and low-attaining learners of English. Their spoken
communication was analysed with an adapted version of the Communication Orientation of Language Teaching (COLT) observation scheme
(Allen et al., 1983) and according to the language triptych (Coyle et al., 2010). Surveys were also conducted to investigate learners’ and teachers’
perception of the learning opportunities. The results indicate that the high-attaining and average students used the provided
opportunities almost equally for developing their oral English competences. Although the low-attaining learners used the CLIL
tasks in a significantly different way, they also achieved the objectives for speaking in English about art.
Wh-doubling in German Sign Language
Authors: Bross Fabian
Published: September 2023

Wh-doubling is a widely attested phenomenon in sign languages. Several analyses are found in the
literature assuming, for example, base-generation of one of the doubles or making (heavy) use of remnant movement. Using data from
German Sign Language, this article discusses the possibility that the structure might be derived from a relative clause embedded
under a wh-question which finally undergoes sluicing. It will be argued that such an account correctly predicts
the distribution of the wh-phrases found in German Sign Language doubling constructions.
A high-order TE50 mode waveguide with single mode transmission property and its application in slot array antenna
Authors: Chen Jianfeng , Fan Xiaolong , Cheng Qiang
Published: September 2023

Conventional array antenna techniques contain various feeding networks, such as T-junction power dividers, phase dividers, and baluns. To feed a relatively large array, one can cascade the traditional T-junction power dividers, resulting in the increase of design complexity. In this paper, an overmoded waveguide supporting the single mode propagation of TE50 mode, is presented. Since TE50 mode can be separated into five TE10 modes with equi-amplitude and opposite phase properties, it is advisable to distribute the input signal flexibly and decrease the cascading of the T-junctions for the traditional feeding networks. To actualize a TE50 mode waveguide, several rows of metallic blocks acting as metamaterial are periodically loaded inside an overmoded waveguide to tailor the dispersion of the waveguide modes and yield the proposed mode bandgaps. Considering the Bloch theory, parts of the undesired waveguide modes are not supported inside the metamaterial and will be removed by these bandgaps. In addition, central feeding method is used to suppress the unwanted modes further in light of mode mismatch. As a proof-of-concept, we drilled the slot array on the top of the overmoded waveguide directly and give rise to a pencil beam radiation along the broadside with 15–17 dBi realized gain among 9.4–10.6 GHz, which demonstrates the stable feeding ability of TE50 mode.
Mixed-terminal MXenes react with SF6 in aqueous solution: reaction mechanism and pathway
Authors: Zeng Fuping , Guo Xinnuo , Chen Xiaoyue , Zhu Kexin , Qiu Hao , Zhang Shiling , Tang Ju
Published: September 2023

The search for an ecofriendly treatment for the strong greenhouse gas SF6 has become a global hot issue. Herein, the mixed-terminal Ti3C2T
x
MXene catalyzing conversion of SF6 in aqueous solution was explored. The catalytic network on realistic Ti3C2T
x
was constructed. By theoretical calculations, target products and the microscopic reaction mechanism were studied. Firstly, SF6 exhibited different degrees of chemisorption on the constructed Ti3C2T
x
surfaces of three varying terminal proportions, with different terminals showing synergistic effects. Secondly, taking the effect of H2O and surface hydroxyl into account, the catalytic conversion system of SF6 on a Ti3C2(OH)0.66O1.33 surface was constructed, containing 25 sub-reactions with H2S as one of the final products. SF6 went through successive defluorination on the Ti3C2(OH)0.66O1.33 surface to form low-fluorine sulfide SF
x
(x = 5, 4, 3, 2, 1), with energy of 80.685 kcal mol−1 released during the whole process. The energy barriers of all the SF6 decomposition sub-reactions were significantly lower than that in free space. Besides, O terminals were regarded as potential hydroxyl terminals in aqueous solution, which continuously provided active hydroxyl groups for the Ti3C2(OH)0.66O1.33 surface. Thus, SF6 conversion in aqueous solution will not result in deactivation of Ti3C2T
x
catalyst. This work provides a theoretical basis for MXene to catalyze SF6 decomposition in an efficient way.
One-dimensional Lévy quasicrystal
Authors: Chatterjee Pallabi , Modak Ranjan
Published: September 2023

Space-fractional quantum mechanics (SFQM) is a generalization of the standard quantum mechanics when the Brownian trajectories in Feynman path integrals are replaced by Lévy flights. We introduce Lévy quasicrystal by discretizing the space-fractional Schrödinger equation using the Grünwald–Letnikov derivatives and adding on-site quasiperiodic potential. The discretized version of the usual Schrödinger equation maps to the Aubry–André (AA) Hamiltonian, which supports localization–delocalization transition even in one dimension. We find the similarities between Lévy quasicrystal and the AA model with power-law hopping, and show that the Lévy quasicrystal supports a delocalization–localization transition as one tunes the quasiperiodic potential strength and shows the coexistence of localized and delocalized states separated by mobility edge. Hence, a possible realization of SFQM in optical experiments should be a new experimental platform to test the predictions of AA models in the presence of power-law hopping.
Precision measurement of 5-DOF rotational error motion using two multi-probe error separation methods
Authors: Hwang In-Oh , Seo Se-Min , Liang Shuo , Cho Nahm-Gyoo
Published: September 2023

This study proposes a new method for the precision measurement of the 5-DOF error motion of rotating machines. The developed seven-probe error separation system uses two measurement units, consisting of an upper four-probe unit and a lower three-probe unit, for the separation of error signals. From the seven probe output signals, the profile signals of the measured surface and the 5-DOF error motion signals, including random components, can be precisely separated. An analysis was carried out to examine the effects of the intersection term by the 5-DOF error motion signals, which is an additional measurement error cause. Furthermore, an effective calculation process capable of calculating a precise surface profile and error motion signal by compensating for the effect was proposed. Numerical validation tests and measurement experiments were performed. This showed it was possible to make accurate measurements by separating the 5-DOF error motions and surface profile signals and using a compensation calculation process. In addition, the effect of the stability error of the probe, which can be a significant factor in increasing measurement uncertainty, on the measurement results was observed and analyzed. Based on the geometric relationship of the measurement system, a process for estimating the expected effect of the stability error of the probe on the measurement result was presented. By applying this process, it is possible to determine the scale of probe stability error to secure the measurement reliability required when selecting a probe used in the system.
A real-time method for detecting bottom defects of lithium batteries based on an improved YOLOv5 model
Authors: Zhang Yu , Shu Shuangbao , Lang Xianli , Liang Huajun , Yu Ziqiao , Yang Ziqiang
Published: September 2023

Defect detection of lithium batteries is a crucial step in lithium battery production. However, traditional detection methods mainly rely on the human eyes to observe the bottom defects of lithium battery products, which have low detection accuracy and slow detection speed. To solve this practical problem, an improved YOLOv5s model is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a new layer of the network output layer is added to improve the detection effect of small defects. Secondly, to extract important information in the feature maps, the convolutional block attention module attention mechanism is added to the YOLOv5s model. Finally, a new position loss function is used to improve the accuracy of the position prediction of the model. The experimental results indicate that the improved YOLOv5s model can accurately and quickly detect three types of defects on the bottom surface of lithium batteries. Specifically, the loss and mean average precision (mAP) of the improved YOLOv5s model are 0.033 94 and 67.5% respectively. Compared with the traditional YOLOv5s model, the loss of the improved YOLOv5s model is reduced by 31%. As well as, the mAP of the improved YOLOv5s model is increased by 4.3% on the lithium battery defect dataset. Compared with the YOLOv3, YOLOv3-spp, retinanet and YOLOv4, the mAP of the improved YOLOv5s model increased by 5.4%, 0.7%, 11.9% and 3.7% respectively. Compared with other improved YOLOv5 algorithms used in various fields, the mAP of the proposed model on the lithium battery dataset is the highest. The detection speed of the improved YOLOv5s model reaches 111 frames per second, which can meet the real-time detection requirements. The improved YOLOv5s model has board application prospects in the industrial production of lithium batteries.
Critical mass capacity for two-dimensional Keller–Segel model with nonlocal reaction terms
Authors: Bian Shen , Wang Quan , Li Jing
Published: September 2023

This paper deals with the parabolic–elliptic Keller–Segel system on

R

2

, involving a source term of logistic type defined in terms of the mass capacity M
0 and the total mass of the individuals. We exhibit that the qualitative behaviour of solutions is decided by the mass capacity M
0 and the initial mass m
0. For general solutions, the existence of a global weak solution is proved under the assumption that both M
0 and m
0 are less than 8π, whereas there exist solutions blowing up in finite time under the hypotheses of either

M
0

>
8
π

with any integrable initial data or

M
0

<
8
π
<

m
0

accompanied with large initial data. Moreover,

m
0

<

M
0

=
8
π

gives rise to a compromise that solutions exist globally and blow up as time goes to infinity. For radially symmetric solutions, we introduce a strategy of relegating the lack of mass conservation via a transformation to the density and then obtain that there are stationary solutions given by

U

s
,
λ

(
r
)
=

8
λ

(

r
2

+
λ

)
2

with λ > 0. Subsequently we prove that if the initial data is strictly below

m
0

M
0

U

s
,
λ

(
r
)

for some λ > 0, then the solution vanishes in

L

l
o
c

1

(

R

2

)

as

t
→
∞

. If the initial data is strictly above

m
0

M
0

U

s
,
λ

(
r
)

for some λ > 0, then the solution either blows up in finite time or has a mass concentration at the origin as time goes to infinity. Finally, our results are complemented by numerical simulations that demonstrate the asymptotic behaviour of solutions.
Effects of nonlocal correlation functionals on electron-phonon interactions in NbC
Authors: Bakar Abu , Shahbaz Muhammad , Afaq A
Published: September 2023

The first-principles approach is applied to study the electronic, vibrational, and superconducting properties of B1-NbC. We used a variety of density functional theory methods that involve local density approximation (PW), generalized gradient approximation; PBE, PBEsol, and GGA functionals corrected with nonlocal correlation functionals (rVV10, vdW-DF2, vdW-DF3). Although the electronic band structures from different methods show an overwhelming agreement, the phonon dispersion curves display significant differences at certain points. The optical phonons make an appreciable part of the electron-phonon coupling constant, λ (up to 23%). This contribution is found to be the largest for PW and the smallest for PBE whereas the nonlocal functionals give intermediate values. This behavior is in perfect analogy with the interaction energies for the three types of methods. The nonlocal functionals, rVV10 and vdW-DF3, fine tuned λ to obtain a value in close agreement with a recently reported experimental value of λ = 0.848 Yan et al. Despite the fact that variations in λ due to nonlocal functionals are not very large, the effects on the superconducting transition temperatures are significant. In addition, the Coulomb screening potential, μ
* = 0.1525 gives superconducting transition temperature in the best agreement with the experiment.
Baryon-photon interactions in Resummed Kinetic Field Theory
Authors: Kostyuk Ivan , Lilow Robert , Bartelmann Matthias
Published: September 2023

We explore how interactions between baryons and photons can be incorporated into Kinetic Field Theory (KFT), a description of cosmic structure formation based on classical Hamiltonian particle dynamics. In KFT, baryons are described as effective mesoscopic particles which represent fluid elements governed by the hydrodynamic equations. In this paper, we modify the mesoscopic particle model to include pressure effects exerted on baryonic matter through interactions with photons. As a proof of concept, we use this extended mesoscopic model to describe the tightly coupled baryon-photon fluid between matter-radiation equality and recombination. We show that this model can qualitatively reproduce the formation of baryon-acoustic oscillations in the cosmological power spectrum.
Failure analysis of a cracked tram axle
Authors: Kasl J.
Published: September 2023

The subject of the paper is the results of the material analysis of the cracked axle of the tram. Fractographic analysis of the fracture surface was performed, the microstructure of the damaged part was observed, hardness profiles were measured and local chemical composition was determined by the EDX method. The failure occurred through a fatigue mechanism. The crack was initiated from surface defects of the welded material on the surface of the axle. The cause of the accident was the interplay of several negative factors: poor welding repair technology, unsuitable consumables, high levels of residual stresses and mechanical damage during assembly.
Adhesion of selected thermally sprayed coatings on additive manufactured maraging steel
Authors: Dlouhá Ž , Vostřák M , Duliškovič J , Zetková I , Mařík T
Published: September 2023

Additive manufacturing (AM) technology is increasingly expanding into different types of industries. Still, many potential applications are restricted due to the limited choice of materials used in AM. A suitable solution could be a combination of AM and thermal spraying of functional parts of the surface to achieve superior surface properties. This work aims to study the possibility to prepare the surface with AM technology to direct application of coating by thermal spraying without any additional surface preparation. To verify this possibility, the parameters of the 3D printing technology were adjusted to achieve suitable surface structures for the following thermal spraying. Several variants of modifications with different surface properties were selected. The samples were printed from maraging steel using the DMLS technology. The coatings chosen for testing were WC – CoCr and Stellite 6 sprayed by HVOF and further NiAl and Al2O3-TiO2 sprayed by APS. The adhesion of the coating was tested by an adhesion test performed under the ASTM C633-79 standard. The bonding of the coating on the surface was studied by metallographic analysis. The achieved results indicate that the adhesion of HVOF sprayed WC-CoCr coating on 3D printed surfaces is excellent for most surface modifications. The Stellite 6 exhibits good adhesion on several surface modifications. The APS sprayed coating shows significantly lower adhesion, the NiAl and Al2O3-TiO2 coatings can be successfully sprayed only on selected surface modifications.
Influence of direct metal deposition modes on the shaping of single tracks and walls made of heat-resistant powder material
Authors: Oleynik M A , Balyakin A V , Zlobin E P , Goncharov E S
Published: September 2023

The article presents the results of the study of the effect of direct laser growth modes on the shaping of single rollers and walls made of heat-resistant alloy. Powder from heat-resistant nickel alloy of the HN50VMTUB brand, manufactured by JSC “Kompozit” and JSC “Opytnyj zavod “Mikron”, was used as the material under study. The morphology of the deposited material is considered. The study of microhardness is carried out.
Study of reflectance characteristics for isolation of anisotropic medium over hydrocarbons
Authors: Yanushkevich V F , Dauhiala D A , Adamovich A L , Abramenka S N , Fedarovich N Y
Published: September 2023

The article provides a study of the reflectance characteristics for the isolation of an anisotropic medium over hydrocarbons. An analysis of the reflectance characteristics for two-frequency electromagnetic waves when exposed to prevailing waves of either low or high frequency has been carried out. Experimental studies were carried out on real hydrocarbon fields. The results of these tests confirmed an increase in the level of delineation of oil and gas accumulations by measuring reflectance characteristics at (10 - 20) m. The obtained results of the studies can be used in electrical exploration systems to improve the accuracy of determining the boundaries of the deposit to improve the accuracy of determining the boundaries of the deposit by measuring reflectance characteristics in a wide frequency range and to enhance resolution while determining the location of deposits by measuring reflectance characteristics in two modes.
Computational analysis of multivariant physical and mechanical experiments on laser hardening of gin disc saws
Authors: Abrorov Akbar , Kuvoncheva Matluba , Ismoyilov Furkat , Fayziev Sirojiddin , Mukhammadov Mukhsin
Published: September 2023

The article describes an original method for computational analysis of multivariate physical and mechanical experiments on laser hardening of gin saw blades. The laser processing method is one of the most effective physical and mechanical methods for improving the properties of resistance to fatigue, long-term strength, and corrosion cracking of circular saw blades that operate under conditions of elevated temperatures and cyclic loads. The stages of the analysis of multivariate experiments on hardening the teeth of a circular saw with laser radiation during grinding are described in detail. Based on theoretical studies three main factors have been selected that significantly affect the hardening of saw teeth. Considering these factors the developed technique makes it possible to increase the thinness of the teeth of circular saw blades significantly due to laser hardening, while maintaining their high hardness in thickness. It has been experimentally confirmed that the service life of gin saws has doubled.
Mathematical modeling of diagnostics of residual stresses in a layered medium
Authors: Lomazov V A , Lomazova V I , Akupiyan O A , Miroshnichenko I V , Petrosov D A
Published: September 2023

The work is devoted to the use of mathematical modeling in the framework of the problems of non-destructive testing of structural materials. A mathematical formulation of a three-dimensional problem of diagnostics for elastic layered medium is constructed, which makes it possible to determine the spatial distribution of residual stresses from the values of displacements measured on the surface of a layered half-space, which arose as a result of a specially initiated wave process. Under the assumption of weak inhomogeneity and anisotropy of the layers, a transition is made to a linearized (which is ill-posed) problem, the procedure for solving which is constructed using the method of stationary basic processes. As an example, the case of diagnosing a one-dimensional (depending only on the distance to the surface) distribution of residual stresses is considered.
Determination of regression coefficient for numerical models of adsorption isotherms
Authors: Kalistratova A A , Spiridonova I A , Kholzineva V O , Nikitin D V , Vavilov G D
Published: September 2023

The article considers a method for determining mathematical equations by describing experimental adsorption isotherms. These equations correspond to the main models of adsorption processes that are presented in this work. A method for selecting the regression coefficients of adsorption isotherms by the MathCad software is proposed. A mathematical adsorption equation for a pair of substances “ethyl alcohol - activated carbon” is found. To confirm the applicability of the obtained equation, a mathematical experiment was carried out in the Aspen Adsorption software. The result of the experiment included the values of the saturation time of the adsorbate (activated carbon) with the adsorbent (ethyl alcohol) under various conditions. An estimate of the experimental error relative to the conditions accepted in the calculation showed a satisfactory result.
A layer-based random SGD for distributed training of RNNs
Authors: Zhang Zhongyu
Published: September 2023

Since frequent data communication leads to increased time consumption in distributed training, compression of communication data is one of the effective ways to speed up the whole training process. Many existing compression methods introduce extra time overhead in data compression and decompression, for instance, Top-K and Random-k. There are also methods that can reduce the extra time overhead but suffer from the shortcoming of insufficient generalization. For example, the layer-based compression LR-SGD (Layer-based Random Stochastic Gradient Descent) cannot be applied to the training of recurrent neural networks. In this paper, an improved method based on LR-SGD is proposed. By being divided into virtual layers for compression, this improved method is able to train various networks efficiently. To validate the proposed method, experiments were conducted using different neural networks on a stimulative cluster. The results demonstrate that the proposed method applies well on different networks with low communication overhead and a nice convergence effect.
Researches advanced in fine-grained image classification based on deep learning
Authors: Zhang Qianwei
Published: September 2023

In the recent past, the task of fine-grained image recognition has become a hot research topic for scholars. Due to its substantial intra-class and little inter-class variance, fine-grained image classification task is more difficult than traditional image classification task. From a deep learning standpoint, this paper first introduces representative algorithms for strongly supervised fine-grained image classification, consisting of the Part-based R-CNN algorithm, the Pose Normalized CNN algorithm, and the Mask-CNN model. Second, weakly supervised process in image classification is expounded from the representative methods of attention mechanism, end-to-end visual coding, zero-shot learning with adaptive domain decomposition. Third, in the experimental part, the most popular databases for precise picture categorization, the evaluation metrics and conclusion of the algorithms are listed. Finally, it summarizes and looks forward, points out the problems and deficiencies of current research, and gives guidance for possible solutions in the future.