bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anteroinferior iliac spine osteoplasty at the time of periacetabular osteotomy helps preserve preoperative range of motion
Authors: Shihab Wasim , Luck Connor , Oakley Jennifer , McClincy Michael
Published: January 2025

Iatrogenic femoroacetabular impingement following periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is a well-documented cause of postoperative complications. The anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) is an increasingly recognized source of impingement, and previous studies have documented high rates of abnormal AIIS subtypes in dysplastic hips undergoing PAO. This study evaluates the effects of PAO with concomitant AIIS osteoplasty on a range of motion and function. We performed a retrospective study of 63 hips that underwent PAO with concomitant open AIIS osteoplasty. AIIS was classified using 3D-reconstruction Computed tomography (CT) and femoral version was measured on axial-CT. Pre- and post.-operative lateral center-edge angle, Tönnis-angle, and anterior center-edge angle were calculated using X-ray imaging. Hip internal rotation (IR) at 90° flexion was recorded preoperatively, intraoperatively following PAO (pre- and postosteoplasty), and 6 months postoperatively. Pre- and postoperative Merle-d’Aubigné (MDA) scores were compared using pairwise t-test. IR motion changes were compared using repeated measures analysis of variance. Regression analyses evaluated the impact of femoral version on IR before and after osteoplasty. MDA significantly improved postoperatively. Intraoperative IR prior to AIIS osteoplasty was significantly reduced compared to other timepoints, but addition of the osteoplasty improved IR intraoperatively and 6 months postoperatively. No differences were noted in IR between pre- and postoperative examination. The impact of IR restoration with AIIS osteoplasty correlated significantly with femoral version, with greater motion improvement noted in patients with lower version. When planning PAO, careful appreciation of motion parameters is critical. Regardless of AIIS morphology, consideration of an intraoperative AIIS osteoplasty should occur when IR is decreased following acetabular reorientation.
A randomized feasibility trial of Managing Your Health: a self-management and peer mentoring intervention for young adult survivors of childhood cancer
Authors: Kwok Gary , Levonyan-Radloff Kristine , Masterson Margaret , Ohman-Strickland Pamela , Pawlish Karen S , Burger Stasia S , Paddock Lisa E , Palermo Tonya M , Bouchard Elizabeth G , Manne Sharon L , Devine Katie A
Published: January 2025

Objective

Although childhood cancer survivors require lifelong “risk-based” follow-up care, most adult survivors do not receive such care, and many are lost during the transition from pediatric to adult follow-up care. The goal of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of the “Managing Your Health” self-management and peer mentoring intervention to improve transition readiness and self-management skills among young adult survivors of childhood cancer.

Methods

Survivors of childhood cancer ages 18–25 years were randomized 1:1 to the Managing Your Health intervention (six video/phone calls with a peer mentor, another young adult survivor, and five online educational modules) or usual care. Feasibility was measured through enrollment rates, retention rates, and engagement and satisfaction with the intervention. Participants completed measures of transition readiness, self-efficacy, and perceived support at baseline and 2-, 6-, and 12-months post-enrollment.

Results

A total of 50 participants (Mage = 21.1 years; 60% male) enrolled (32% of the total pool was contacted; 76% of those were screened; 94% of those screening eligible enrolled). Twenty-two (88%) of the 25 intervention participants completed the peer mentor calls. On average, participants completed 96% of the online modules, often closely timed to peer mentor calls. Participants indicated high satisfaction and acceptability of the intervention and suggested some improvements to the online modules.

Conclusions

Managing Your Health was feasible and acceptable to young adult survivors and mentors. Peer mentors appeared to serve as supportive accountability agents encouraging engagement with the online modules. Additional refinements will be made to the intervention prior to efficacy testing.
Copaiba essential oil carried in a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system improves adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats
Authors: Ames-Sibin Ana Paula , Chagas-Almeida Any Carolina , Souza Ana Beatriz P , Andrade Ana Paula M , Castro Juliana C , Ferreira Sabrina B S , Silva-Comar Francielli Maria S , Cuman Roberto K N , Bruschi Marcos L , Natali Maria Raquel M , Sá-Nakaninhi Anacharis B , Bracht Lívia , Bracht Adelar , Comar Jurandir F
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Copaiba essential oil (CEO) is obtained through the distillation of copaiba balsam and has been used in the traditional medicine to treat inflammatory conditions. However, the highly lipophilic nature of CEO restricts its pharmaceutical use. This study evaluated the effect of CEO, carried in a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS), on articular and systemic inflammation and liver changes in Holtzman rats with Freund’s adjuvant-induced arthritis.

Methods

Healthy and arthritic rats received orally for 18 days the non-formulated CEO and the one carried in a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (FSNEDDS), both at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg. The oral bioavailability of FSNEDDS was determined in healthy rats by quantifying the levels of β-caryophyllene in the plasma.

Key findings

FSNEDDS exhibited more than three times greater oral bioavailability compared to non-formulated CEO. This phenomenon allowed FSNEDDS (100 mg/kg) to effectively reduce adjuvant-induced articular and systemic inflammation and oxidative stress in arthritic rats at a dose four times lower than copaiba balsam and β-caryophyllene. Furthermore, FSNEDDS did not alter the serum markers of liver damage, hepatic morphometry, and liver gluconeogenesis in healthy rats.

Conclusion

FSNEDDS was effective against arthritis in rats, and unlike copaiba balsam, it does not exhibit hepatotoxicity, suggesting it could serve as a phytotherapeutic alternative in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
Session 4: Written Exposure (Part I) and Learning Progressive Muscle Relaxation (16 Muscle)
Authors: Beck J. Gayle
Published: January 2025

This chapter covers the skills of written exposure and progressive muscle relaxation (PMR). Written exposure is a technique that helps clients build on the important work of real-life exposure and the role of cognitive avoidance. Creating a narrative of the traumatic event from their own perspective helps clients to become aware of the thoughts and emotions associated with the event in order to facilitate emotional processing of the event and to address cognitive avoidance. In this session the therapists will also introduce PMR, which is a tool that clients can use to reduce the physical (hyperarousal) symptoms of PTSD. Such tension is often present following a session of written exposure.
Session 5: Written Exposure (Part II) and Learning Progressive Muscle Relaxation (Seven Muscle)
Authors: Beck J. Gayle
Published: January 2025

This chapter discusses further practice with the written exposure and progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) skills that were introduced in the previous session. By summarizing how clients’ perspectives on their traumatic events have changed by using the skills they have learned so far in this program, group members will learn to recognize and label their cognitive and emotional shifts. Clients will spend time during this session further developing their trauma narrative, working at their own pace. The chapter also outlines a streamlined version of PMR that focuses on seven muscle groups instead of 16. The shortened version is helpful when clients are pressed for time but want to engage in relaxation.
Session 9: Addressing Anger (Part I)—Using the A-B-C-D Approach
Authors: Beck J. Gayle
Published: January 2025

This chapter explains how clients can address anger using the A-B-C-D approach, which was introduced in the prior session as a way to handle negative beliefs. Therapists should be aware that clients may be reluctant to discuss anger because it can be a taboo subject in our society. Clients can use the downward arrow technique, which was also introduced in the prior session, to drill down to the beliefs that drive their anger—centering on beliefs about oneself, other people, or the world. Clients can also learn to develop alternative beliefs to challenge their anger-related beliefs. Therapists should emphasize to clients that beliefs are only hypotheses, not necessarily facts.
Session 12: Rebuilding Your Social Connections
Authors: Beck J. Gayle
Published: January 2025

This chapter focuses on how clients can rebuild their social connections, as many individuals with PTSD lead relatively isolated lives. Social isolation tends to amplify negative mood states, weakens a person’s ability to cope with stress, and can compound other problems. In this session group members will discuss general changes in their social connections that have occurred since the trauma happened. Therapists will encourage them to begin to expand their social networks in ways that are positive and will open new opportunities for meaningful friendships. Social contact can serve as a form of stress reduction and a way to reduce negative emotions.
Session 4: Written Exposure (Part I) and Learning Progressive Muscle Relaxation (16 Muscle)
Authors: Beck J. Gayle
Published: January 2025

This chapter introduces two skills that will be important throughout this program: written exposure and progressive muscle relaxation. Just forgetting traumatic events may help for a little while, but the pain associated with the memories remains. Written exposure involves writing out a description of the traumatic events that the Veteran experienced, as they experienced them, thus allowing Veterans to process the emotional aspects of trauma. Progressive muscle relaxation involves gently tensing and then relaxing specific groups of muscles, while paying close attention to the feelings associated with both tension and relaxation. Progressive muscle relaxation can be used after written exposure, to regain a calm feeling. The importance of between group practice is discussed in this chapter as well.
Session 7: Working with Your Thoughts (Part II)—Becoming Aware of How You Think
Authors: Beck J. Gayle
Published: January 2025

This chapter discusses how Veterans can learn to become aware of how their thinking changes when they sense distress or threat. Cognitive shifts occur when clients are confronted with a trauma cue or any other cue that reminds them of a traumatic experience, which then affects their thoughts and perception. Recognizing cognitive shifts takes time and practice since these shifts have likely become a habit. Slowing down their thinking when stressed or anxious will help clients to become more aware of cognitive shifts. The chapter provides an overview of how posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) affects cognitive shifts. such as filtering, polarized thinking, overgeneralization, and personalization. It offers a set of recommendations to unshift these changes.
Definition and terminology
Authors: Quarshie Emmanuel Nii-Boye , House Allan
Published: January 2025

In this chapter we define self-harm and the main terms used to describe it. We discuss the relation between self-harm and suicide, the meaning of suicidal intent and considerations in assessing suicidal intent. In more detail, the definition of self-harm used in this book refers to an act with a non-fatal outcome in which a person does something with the intention of causing harm to themselves. What people do is divided broadly into self-poisoning or self-injury, and occasionally both at the same time. Not everybody agrees how to define or describe self-harm and the terms used have changed over time. We outline the common methods used in self-harm and the question of lethality of method.
Self-harm: The nature of the problem
Authors: Quarshie Emmanuel Nii-Boye , House Allan
Published: January 2025

In introducing the epidemiology of self-harm, the chapter opens with a consideration of sources of data and the strengths and weaknesses of each. The authors review evidence of the frequency of self-harm across the lifespan and the relation between self-harm rates and gender—discussing reasons for age and gender-related differences. Minority groups are more at risk, including for example, the disabled, prisoners, gender and sexual minorities. Self-harm occurs in all countries, albeit with very different reported rates—one reason for which there may be differences in reporting and recording, especially in countries where there are legal, religious, or cultural prohibitions.
Intervention in clinical and non-clinical contexts
Authors: Quarshie Emmanuel Nii-Boye , House Allan
Published: January 2025

This chapter outlines the common therapeutic approaches adopted with individuals seen after self-harm, categorized by their duration and the expertise required to deliver them. First, very brief interventions include safety planning and problem-solving approaches. Second, brief focused therapies typically involve 4–6 sessions and include cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), and interpersonal therapies. Third, more extensive therapies may be suitable for people with a history of repeated self-harm and include dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) and psychodynamic therapies. Therapies are likely to need to be modified for use in special settings such as schools and in the criminal justice system, and for high-risk groups such as sexual and gender minorities, those with severe physical illness and those with a learning disability and/or autism. There is a particular challenge in delivering therapies in low-income settings.
The personal encounter with self-harm
Authors: Quarshie Emmanuel Nii-Boye , House Allan
Published: January 2025

In this chapter we outline the framework for a comprehensive approach to the encounter with somebody who has self-harmed. First there is inevitably a requirement for some sort of evaluation including of physical state, mental state, and social circumstances. How long this might take and which element predominates will depend upon the immediate circumstances, such as the need for immediate physical treatment or evidence of active suicide risk. A wider and more detailed review can follow. This review includes identifying past and present coping strategies. All of these elements can then be incorporated into a formulation and associated personal plan. In all stages of the encounter, the nature of the personal interaction is as important as its content. Care is required to ensure that what happens can be experienced as far as possible as supportive, non-judgemental, respectful, sensitive to cultural context, and as far as possible confidential.
Peripheral neuropathy in systemic sclerosis with proximal nerve involvement: Diagnostic challenges and response to corticosteroid therapy
Authors: Suzuki Takehiro , Kawasaki Takahiro , Beck Goichi , Takenaka Noyuri , Ogawa Kotaro , Itotagawa Eri , Matsukawa Kazuki , Ohashi Michiko , Kaneko Takeshi , Oguro-Igashira Eri , Mizuno Yumiko , Izumi Mayuko , Tsujimoto Kohei , Okita Yasutaka , Morita Takayoshi , Watanabe Akane , Kato Yasuhiro , Nishide Masayuki , Nishida Sumiyuki , Shima Yoshihito , Narazaki Masashi , Kumanogoh Atsushi
Published: January 2025

Peripheral neuropathy is a complication in systemic sclerosis (SSc) that is occasionally encountered in clinical settings. The mechanisms underlying this condition remain unclear and treatment strategies have not yet been established, making management challenging. Here, we report a case of peripheral neuropathy associated with SSc that was successfully treated with corticosteroid therapy despite the absence of conventional inflammatory findings on histopathology or blood tests. A 44-year-old Japanese man diagnosed with SSc presented with gradually worsening paresthesia and gait disorder. A nerve conduction study and histological examination of a biopsy sample from the left sural nerve, where the nerve conduction study indicated abnormalities, revealed findings consistent with peripheral neuropathy associated with SSc. The results of blood tests or cerebrospinal fluid analysis did not indicate significant inflammatory findings, aside from a slight elevation in protein levels in the cerebrospinal fluid. Similarly, the histological analysis of the nerve biopsy showed no signs of inflammation. T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar region revealed hyperintensity at the nerve roots, suggesting inflammation at the nerve roots. Based on these findings, we initiated corticosteroid therapy, which led to an improvement in both the patient’s symptoms and results in the nerve conduction study. This case provides new insights into the pathogenesis of peripheral neuropathy associated with SSc and highlights that the potential benefits of immunosuppressive therapy should not be overlooked, even in the absence of conventional inflammatory signs.
Fever among Pertussis Cases Reported through Enhanced Pertussis Surveillance, 2015–2022
Authors: Hughes Michelle M , Rubis Amy , Acosta Anna M , Aden Vanessa , Firmender Patricia , Horn Kate , Stanislawski Emma , Wester Rachel , Youngkin Erin , Cruz Victor , Skoff Tami H
Published: January 2025

Fever is not considered a typical presentation of pertussis. We characterized fever among 7,840 pertussis from CDC’s Enhanced Pertussis Surveillance with cough onset from 2015–2022. Ten percent of cases had a reported fever. The presence of fever should not rule out pertussis as a cause of cough illness.
Philosophies of competition policy
Authors: Werden Gregory J
Published: January 2025

At a high level of abstraction, different approaches to competition policy are philosophies that differ as to the proper intensity, scope, and focus of enforcement. These three components of a philosophy largely govern the decisions made by enforcement agencies and courts. This article describes, compares, and traces the history of major philosophies and their components. The article concludes by recommending that every competition enforcement agency release a statement of its philosophy, and by sketching the author’s philosophy.
Temporal dynamics of copepod taxa and trophic groups in a long-term time series in the NW-Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Garcia Théo , Bănaru Daniela , Guilloux Loïc , Berline Léo , Carlotti François
Published: January 2025

In the context of structural and functional changes in the pelagic environment, and the oligotrophication and the temperature increase of the North Western Mediterranean, this study analyses a 17-year time series (2006–2022) of copepod temporal variability in the Bay of Marseille. Mesozooplankton was sampled bimonthly (0–55 m) together with biotic and abiotic parameters. This study focuses on the temporal dynamics and ecological niches of copepod taxa and trophic groups. In the Bay of Marseille, herbivorous copepods, Clausocalanus–Paracalanus–Ctenocalanus–Pseudocalanus, dominated the community in abundance. From taxa realized niches, we identified that temperature and trophic conditions drove the seasonal and interannual dynamics of copepods. During the summer months of recent years, the increasing oligotrophication and warming of the seawater favoured carnivorous copepods. A shift in the copepod community structure since the mid-2010s was demonstrated, with a decrease in total copepod abundance and reduced dominance of spring copepod taxa. The trophic group dynamics were mostly driven by a few dominant taxa in each group. Recent environmental conditions favoured increases in the abundance of two warm-water affinity species (Corycaeidae and Temora stylifera) and were unfavourable to a cold-water affinity species (Calanus helgolandicus).
Conditions favoring phagotrophy can lead to larger cell sizes in some freshwater mixoplankton
Authors: Girard Frédérick , Garnier Amélie , Hughes Riley , Sarran Charlie , Harvey Eric , Beisner Beatrix E
Published: January 2025

Cell size is a critical regulator of many metabolic processes in protists. We explored whether body size and abundances vary consistently in phytoplankton capable of both autotrophy and heterotrophy (mixoplankton) by manipulating environmental stoichiometric conditions in a mesocosm experiment. We applied two allochthonous subsidy treatments: high C: nutrient ratios (leaves) should favour bacterivory through phagotrophy, while low ratios (insects) should favour autotrophy. We identified three focal mixoplankton taxa, common in our study system and that represented facultative (Cryptomonas sp. and Plagioselmis sp) and more obligate phagotrophs (Ochromonas sp.). Ochromonas was largest in the leaf treatment, which were also associated with larger sizes in Cryptomonas (but not the other cryptophyte). The obligately mixotrophic Ochromonas responded more significantly to conditions favouring phagotrophy than did the facultative phagotrophic cryptophytes. All mixoplankton taxa densities declined with insect subsidies that favour autotrophy. Future research should examine a wider range of mixoplankton under varying ecological conditions.
Spatio-temporal variability of mesozooplankton distribution along the Canary Current Large Marine Ecosystem: a regional perspective
Authors: Goliat Yassine , Ettahiri Omar , Baibai Tarik , Rharbi Nadia , Isari Stamatina
Published: January 2025

The Canary Current Large Marine Ecosystem (CCLME), extending from Cape Spartel in Morocco to Guinea-Bissau, supports high primary and fisheries productivity driven by permanent or seasonal upwelling activity. During the current study, mesozooplankton and hydrographic sampling were conducted across the CCLME in the spring/summer of 2017 and the autumn/winter of 2019. The total mesozooplankton abundance and dry weight were found to be higher in 2017, partly due to the summer reproduction cycle of diplostracans. A prominent latitudinal gradient was observed in both the mesozooplankton standing stock and assemblage structure closely linked to a significant shift in oceanographic regimes at Cape Blanc (21°N). The area south of Cape Blanc, sampled during the upwelling relaxation in both years, was occupied by warmer South Atlantic Central Waters showing elevated mesozooplankton stock with a tropical assemblage structure. In contrast, cooler and more saline waters north of Cape Blanc, a result of the upwelling regime in that area, explained part of the observed variation in mesozooplankton composition among subregions and sampling periods. Our findings indicate that aside from the upwelling activity, spatiotemporal variation of mesoscale processes and topographical features at a subregional level may also shape mesozooplankton stock and assemblage structure in the CCLME.
A configurational perspective of hate crime policies
Authors: Paul Jomon A , Bagchi Aniruddha
Published: January 2025

A configurational perspective is adopted to analyse the contributory factors of hate crimes in the USA. Through a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis, multiple nonlinear combinations of the policies leading to high or low hate crimes are revealed. The results provide a complementary and substitutive multiple-policy strategy to policymakers in navigating a complex, unstable environment. Specifically, the study reveals different pathways to achieving the same outcome, and certain casual relationships are found to be asymmetric and inconsistent across outcomes. Several important findings are noted from our analyses. The magnitude of hate crimes in a state is found to be monotonically related to the percentage of immigrants in the population and to labor market freedom. However, such monotonic results do not necessarily extend to other variables. For example, expenditure on education and median household incomes are associated with both high and low hate crimes.
Evaluation of Fungicide Spray Programs for Management of Cercospora Leaf Spot in a Moderately Susceptible Sugar Beet Cultivar in Northwest Minnesota, 2024
Authors: Lien Austin Kyle , Chanda Ashok Kumar
Published: January 2025

Cercospora leaf spot (CLS), caused by the fungal pathogen Cercospora beticola, is among the most devastating foliar diseases of sugar beet worldwide. Symptoms include small, circular, tan to brown spots that coalesce into large necrotic lesions when infection is severe, leading to reduced plant vigor and sucrose accumulation in the roots. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of conventional fungicides with emphasis on the initiation timing and type of fungicide used in the initial application for managing CLS. The trial was conducted in 2024 in Crookston, MN on a moderately susceptible sugar variety (Beta vulgaris ‘Crystal 912RR’). Results from this trial will help sugar beet growers make informed decisions about managing this disease.
The implementation of intrathecal morphine for caesarean delivery into clinical practice, and assessment of its impact on patient-reported quality of recovery using the ObsQoR-10-Dutch scale
Authors: van den Bosch Oscar F.C. , Rijsdijk Mienke , Rosier Suzanne E. , van Baal Lottie , Schaap Timme P. , Sultan Pervez , Bühre Wolfgang
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

Optimising a mother's quality of recovery following caesarean delivery is of paramount importance as it facilitates maternal care of the newborn and affects physical, psychological and emotional well being. Intrathecal morphine (ITM) reduces postoperative pain and may improve quality of recovery: however its widespread use is limited.

OBJECTIVE

To assess the effects of implementing ITM for caesarean delivery on postoperative quality of recovery.

STUDY DESIGN

Single-centre observational before–after study.

SETTING

Tertiary university hospital, the Netherlands, January 2023 until April 2024.

STUDY POPULATION

Patients who underwent caesarean delivery under spinal anaesthesia.

INTERVENTION

Patients recruited before implementation of ITM (n = 55) received patient-controlled intravenous analgesia with morphine or continuation of epidural analgesia previously used for labour (’pre-ITM group’). Patients recruited after implementation of ITM (n = 47) received ITM 100 μg and oral morphine tablets 10 mg as needed (’ITM group’).

MAIN STUDY PARAMETERS/ENDPOINTS

Primary outcome was the score on the Obstetric Quality of Recovery (ObsQoR-10-Dutch) questionnaire (0 to 100). Secondary outcomes included ObsQoR-10 subscores, length of stay, opioid consumption and self-reported general health score (0 to 100).

RESULTS

Protocol adherence for ITM was 98%. Quality of recovery improved significantly [ObsQoR-10 scores pre-ITM 65 ± 16 vs. ITM 74 ± 13 points, mean difference 9.0 (95% CI, 3.1 to 15] points, P = 0.002], with improvement in pain scores, physical comfort, independence and psychological wellbeing. In multivariate analysis, the improvement was 6.3 (95% CI, 0.37 to 12.2] points, which was statistically significant but did not reach the predefined threshold for clinical relevance. There was, however, an improvement in self-reported general health score (57 ± 18 vs. 68 ± 17, P = 0.002), median [IQR] length of hospital stay (41 [36 to 51] vs. 37 [32 to 49] hours, P = 0.032) and median [IQR] opioid consumption (52 [35 to 73] vs. 0 [0 to 0] mg, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Implementing ITM for caesarean delivery resulted in moderate improvements in obstetric recovery and reduced opioid consumption. Cautious interpretation is warranted given the nonrandomised design of this implementation study. Our findings support the use of ITM in a multimodal analgesia strategy for patients undergoing caesarean delivery.
Validation of the Pangao PG-800B18 upper-arm blood pressure monitor according to the ISO 81060-2:2018+Amd 1:2020 protocol in the general population
Authors: Chen Wan , Xiang Yuhan , Cheng Rui , Zhang Yang
Published: January 2025

Objective

The study aimed to validate the Pangao PG-800B18 oscillometric upper-arm blood pressure monitor in the general population in accordance with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 81060-2:2018 and amendment (Amd) 1:2020 protocol.

Methods

Participants were recruited, and the same left-arm sequential method was used for blood pressure measurement in accordance with the protocol. Data validation and analysis were performed according to the protocol, and the Bland–Altman scatter plot was used to show the difference between the test device and reference results.

Results

A total of 86 participants were included in the validation analysis. For the validation criterion 1 of the protocol, the mean ± SD of the differences between the test device and reference readings was −1.21 ± 6.71 mmHg and −0.73 ± 5.83 mmHg for systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), respectively. Furthermore, the SD of the differences between the test device and reference readings per participant was 5.81 and 5.02 mmHg for SBP and DBP, fulfilling the criterion 2 with SD values of ≤6.95 for SBP and ≤5.89 for DBP.

Conclusion

The Pangao PG-800B18 upper-arm blood pressure monitor fulfilled the requirements of the ISO validation standard and can be recommended for clinical use and self-measurement in the general population.
Updates in atypical hemolytic syndrome
Authors: Drake Keri , Gattineni Jyothsna
Published: January 2025

Purpose of review

This review aims to summarize how scientific advances in complement biology have not only improved the diagnosis and management of aHUS but also continue to offer insights into the pathophysiology of complement-mediated disease that may be leveraged for future therapeutic developments.

Recent findings

Updated information on the clinical and epidemiological features, pathophysiology, diagnosis, management, and potential for future therapeutic advancements in the treatment of aHUS are reviewed.

aHUS is a rare but potentially life-threatening disease that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment as well as long-term management via a multidisciplinary team providing coordination of primary and specialty care as well as outreach and education for children and families affected by this life-long disease.
Impact of antimicrobial resistance on infections in children in Africa
Authors: Dame Joycelyn Assimeng , Bockarie Yemah Mariama , Enimil Anthony Kwame
Published: January 2025

Purpose of review

Antimicrobial resistance is an escalating public health threat in Africa, and an awareness of the devastating impact on children is growing. This review highlights the prevalence and patterns of antimicrobial resistance among children in Africa, focusing on pathogens responsible for bloodstream infections, community-acquired pneumonia, bacterial meningitis, neonatal infections, diarrhea and malaria. Current strategies to tackle antimicrobial resistance in pediatric populations are discussed.

Recent findings

Bloodstream infections significantly contribute to child mortality, with high resistance observed in pathogens like Salmonella spp., Klebsiella spp., Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. Additionally, rising resistance in pathogens causing community-acquired pneumonia, meningitis and bacterial diarrhea challenges the effectiveness of WHO-recommended therapies. Antibiotics used to treat neonatal infections, such as ampicillin, gentamicin and cefotaxime, are threatened by high resistance in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp, contributing to adverse neonatal outcomes. PfKelch 13 mutations linked to artemisinin resistance in parts of Africa raise public health concerns, as malaria remains a major cause of illness and death.

Stronger collaborative efforts are needed to enhance surveillance, improve diagnostic capabilities and update treatment protocols based on local pathogen sensitivities. More research is required on pediatric antimicrobial resistance in Africa.
A rare instance of adenomatoid tumor of epididymis: a case report
Authors: Bikash Mandal , Aayush Bist , Sushil Dhakal
Published: January 2025

Introduction and importance:

Adenomatoid tumors are uncommon benign growths that usually occur in middle-aged men. Originating from mesothelial cells and are primarily found in the area near the testicles, especially at the tail of the epididymis. A clear diagnosis of the tumor is important to distinguish it from more aggressive intrascrotal tumors based on clinically and imaging tests. Overall, the prognosis for individuals with adenomatoid tumors of the epididymis is excellent, with less risk of recurrence or complications following surgical removal.

Case presentation:

This article reports on an 18-year-old male with a history of small painless mass in the scrotum around the right testis for 6 months not growing in size. There were no significant complaints related to genitourinary system nor did the patient have any past medical or surgical history. On local examination, a 2 × 2 cm2 well defined, nodular, solid, firm mass was palpable adjacent to the head of right epididymis.

Clinical discussion:

Adenomatoid tumor of the epididymis are rare benign neoplasm of mesenchymal origin. These tumors mostly being asymptomatic are often misdiagnosed. In this patient, all the systemic examinations and Lab reports were normal and scrotal ultrasound failed to provide the exact diagnosis which eventually was proven on the histopathology section. The nodule was removed on local anesthesia. The patient was counseled and followed up routinely.

Conclusion:

The case report emphasizes the significance of early diagnosis of adenomatoid tumor and differentiates it from other similar intrascrotal masses which is crucial to avoid unnecessary interventions for patients.
Progressive ataxia, cognitive decline, urinary incontinence, and unexplained hydrocephalus: a rare case of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus in epileptic patient
Authors: Shah Raju , Yogi Tek Nath , Pooja B.C , Bhusal Amrit , Koirala Ashesh , Katwal Shailendra , Shahi Shishir , Kafle Rijan , Shah Ranjan
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) poses diagnostic challenges due to its overlapping symptoms with other neurodegenerative disorders. The clinical trial of gait disturbance, cognitive impairment, and urinary incontinence often mimics other conditions, making accurate diagnosis crucial.

Case presentation:

A 67-year-old male with a 40-year history of epilepsy presented with progressive gait abnormalities, cognitive decline, and bladder incontinence over 5 years. Initial evaluation revealed a magnetic gait, impaired short-term memory, and a Mini-Mental State Examination score of 17/30. MRI and CT scans showed ventriculomegaly without elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure. A lumbar puncture with a positive CSF tap test confirmed iNPH, and ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery was performed, resulting in significant improvement in symptoms.

Discussion:

iNPH is characterized by the triad of gait disturbance, cognitive impairment, and urinary incontinence. Its diagnosis is primarily based on clinical presentation and neuroimaging. The CSF tap test is a crucial diagnostic tool, and shunt surgery remains the standard treatment. This case underscores the need for a high index of suspicion for iNPH in patients with atypical presentations and emphasizes the importance of long-term follow-up to monitor treatment efficacy.

Conclusion:

This case highlights the complexity of diagnosing iNPH, particularly in patients with comorbid conditions such as epilepsy. Thorough diagnostic evaluations and timely intervention are critical for improving patient outcomes. Long-term monitoring is essential to assess the effectiveness of treatment and manage potential complications.
Fall rates in bifocal, trifocal, and progressive addition lens glasses wearers
Authors: Lord Stephen R. , Ivers Rebecca , Cameron Ian D. , Lee Bonsan B. , Haran Mark
Published: January 2025

SIGNIFICANCE

The study findings suggest that progressive addition lens glasses increase the risk of falls more than bifocal glasses, possibly due to visual distortions and reduced awareness of distant objects in the lower visual field. Increased awareness of the risks posed by progressive addition lens glasses and training in optimal glasses use may help protect older people from falls.

PURPOSE

There is evidence that wearing multifocal glasses increases the risk of falls in older people, especially when walking on stairs and in unfamiliar settings. However, it is not clear whether all types of multifocal glasses are equally associated with falls. This study comprised a secondary analysis of data from the VISIBLE randomized controlled trial to determine whether fall rates differ among older bifocal, trifocal, and progressive addition lens glasses wearers.

METHODS

Two hundred eighty-one regular wearers of multifocal glasses (mean age, 80.3 years; standard deviation, 6.8 years) who were at increased risk of falls and used multifocal glasses three or more times per week participated in the study. Participants were classified into three groups: bifocal (n = 170), trifocal (n = 33), and progressive addition lens glasses wearers (n = 78). Participants underwent assessments of vision, sensorimotor function and balance (assessed with the Physiological Profile Assessment), Timed Up and Go performance, and activity levels and were then followed up for falls for 13 months.

RESULTS

Two hundred sixty-eight participants (95.4%) were followed up for falls for 6+ months over the following 13 months: 51 bifocal glasses wearers (31.5%) suffered multiple falls compared with 15 trifocal glasses wearers (46.9%) and 33 progressive addition lens glasses wearers (44.6%) (p=0.071). When adjusting for established fall risk factors, participants wearing progressive addition lens glasses had over twice the odds of suffering multiple falls compared with bifocal glasses wearers (odds ratio, 2.23; 95% confidence interval, 1.08 to 4.58).

CONCLUSIONS

These findings suggest that progressive addition lens glasses increase the risk of falls more than bifocal glasses possibly due to visual distortions and reduced awareness of blurred distant objects in the lower visual field. Education of the risks posed by progressive addition lens glasses and training in optimal glasses use may help protect older people from falls.
Topical review: Challenges and solutions for eye care in long-term care
Authors: Anantharaman Divya , Meyer Carly , Keay Lisa , Kumaran Sheela , Dawes Piers
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

The prevalence of visual impairment among individuals living in long-term care (LTC) is substantial, yet eye care is often disregarded and inadequately addressed. This neglect contributes to a decline in quality of life for residents. Thus, understanding the challenges faced by stakeholders in providing eye care for residents might suggest opportunities to improve eye health outcomes.

AIM

This study aimed to identify factors influencing access to eye care services in LTC, focusing on key stakeholders including residents, family members, aged care staff, and eye care professionals.

METHODS

We included studies on vision/eye care–related challenges and/or management of eye conditions for people living in LTC facilities. We performed literature searches using Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, PubMed, CINAHL/EBSCO, EMBASE, APA PsycINFO, and Web of Science database. The search was limited to articles in English language, published between January 2013 and September 2023. Factors influencing the vision/eye care for residents were mapped to respective stakeholders, and we visualized how they interacted within the LTC system in providing eye care.

RESULTS

Eleven studies were included in the review. We found that the challenges to appropriate eye care in LTC are present across all stakeholder groups. These challenges include limited awareness of eye health, logistical difficulties in coordinating and managing eye care within LTC settings, and negative beliefs and attitudes toward prioritizing eye care for residents.

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS

This review highlights that barriers to eye care in LTC communities exist at multiple levels and involve a range of stakeholders. In order to improve eye care, interventions should be at the system level, considering the influence of all key stakeholders rather than employing a targeted approach.
Revised Process for ACNS Guidelines Development
Authors: Quraishi Imran H. , Andrade Edgard , Galloway Gloria , Hyslop Ann , Selioutski Olga , Sinha Saurabh , Arnold Susan T. , Arya Ravindra , Bagić Anto I. , Drislane Frank , Gloss David , Hani Abeer J. , Kobayashi Eliane , Marashly Ahmad , Nuwer Mark R. , Park Jun , Sabau Dragos , San-juan Daniel , Shahid Asim , Skjei Karen , Tatum William O. , Vengrow Michael , Wusthoff Courtney J.
Published: January 2025

The development of clinical practice guidelines is an evolving field. In response to the need for consistent, evidence-based medical practice, the American Clinical Neurophysiology Society identified the need to update the Society's guideline development process. The American Clinical Neurophysiology Society Guidelines Committee created an action plan with the goal of improving transparency and rigor for future guidelines and bringing existing guidelines to current standards. This article provides an overview of the new American Clinical Neurophysiology Society standards for the creation of clinical guidance documents, including clinical guidelines, technical standards, and consensus statements. This process is rooted in the importance of clinical guidance documents and their significance in the context of current behests for updated standards for practicing clinical neurophysiology. The need and rationale for updating the guideline development process from its prior state were described. The updated American Clinical Neurophysiology Society categories for clinical guidance and recommendations were defined and compared. Finally, the new process is summarized, focusing on methodologies, authorship, and conflicts of interest.
AT-HOME, SELF-SAMPLING OF THE SKIN MICROBIOME: DEVELOPMENT OF AN UNSUPERVISED SAMPLING APPROACH
Authors: Leng Joy , Tyson-Carr John , Adams Suzi , Scott Margaret , Thomas Anna , Giesbrecht Timo , Fallon Nick , Murphy Barry , Hoptroff Michael , Roberts Carl , Paterson Steve
Published: January 2025

Large-scale skin microbiome studies are often restricted due to the need for participants to visit a research centre to have their skin swabbed by a trained individual. If samples taken by participants at home returned high quality data, similar to that generated from samples taken by trained experts under controlled conditions, it would provide the potential for studies to have larger cohorts, include participants from multiple locations, and facilitate longitudinal sample collection. Here, we describe the development of a novel unsupervised skin microbiome sample collection method and compare data quality with supervised, in lab sample collection. We enrolled 57 participants to collect skin swabs of their axilla, forearm, cheek and scalp. Initially samples were collected in our research centre under strict supervision by a trained expert. Participants then collected swabs from the same body sites 24 hours later, unsupervised, at home, which they returned to the research centre within 3 – 5 days. All samples then underwent bacterial DNA extraction and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Yield of extracted bacterial DNA was different depending on body site, with the dry swabs from the forearm producing the lowest amount. There were no significant differences in alpha and beta-diversities between supervised and unsupervised sampling methods, regardless of body site. Taxonomic analysis of bacterial genera identified also did not differ for axilla, cheek or scalp. Our data suggest that self-sampling skin microbiome methods can produce data that is comparable to samples collected under supervision of a trained expert in lab settings. These findings should encourage scalability of future research and allow for greater representative population diversity in genomic and microbiome research.
Stachybotrys qujingensis sp. nov., a new hyphomycete from desertified rocky soil in southwest China
Authors: Dai Xing-Wen , Ren Zhi-Yu , Pan Xue-Rong , Yu Ze-Fen
Published: January 2025

Two strains of Stachybotrys, identified based on morphology and phylogenetic analysis, were isolated from rocky desertification soils in Yunnan province. Phylogenetic analyses inferred from three loci (the internal transcribed spacer of the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene, β-tubulin and RNA polymerase II second-largest subunit) showed that the two strains formed a single clade and were introduced as a new species of Stachybotrys, S. qujingensis. S. qujingensis is characterized by having ampulliform or broadly fusiform conidiogenous cells and dark olivaceous-green, oblong-ellipsoidal conidia. Phylogenetically, S. qujingensis is most closely related to S. musae, but it distinguishes the latter by longer and narrower conidia. Descriptions, illustrations and phylogenetic placement of S. qujingensis were provided.
Integrate and generate single-cell proteomics from transcriptomics with cross-attention
Authors: Xiong Jiankang , Zheng Shuqiao , Gong Fuzhou , Ma Liang , Wan Lin
Published: January 2025

Motivation

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing (CITE-seq) have experienced rapid advancements in recent years, accompanied by the development of numerous methods for analyzing scRNA-seq and CITE-seq data. These innovations have enabled deeper insights into cellular heterogeneity and functional phenotypes. However, analyzing scRNA-seq and CITE-seq data within a unified framework remains a significant challenge in the field of single-cell analysis. Specifically, this challenge centers on two primary objectives: aligning scRNA-seq and CITE-seq cells within an integrated representation space and generating antibody-derived tag (ADT) measurements for scRNA-seq cells.

Results

By incorporating interrelationships between cells into a deep generative model with cross-attention, we introduced scProca to integrate and generate single-cell proteomics from transcriptomics. scProca delivers state-of-the-art performance in both integration and generation tasks across benchmark datasets. Furthermore, scProca can accommodate cells across experimental batches, showcasing its flexibility in complex experimental contexts.

Availability

The code of scProca is available athttps://github.com/xiongbiolab/scProca, and replication for this study is available athttps://github.com/ZzzsHuqiaAao/scProca-reproducibility.