bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Re-Evaluate the Value of Frozen Sections in Diagnoses of Breast Malignancies that Failed to be Diagnosed by Core Needle Biopsy: A Chinese Retrospective Analysis of Clinical Practice
Authors: Xue Jialei , Li Jianwei , Gong Yue , Cui Qiuxia , Dai Li , Guo Tianwei , Liu Zhebin , Liu Guangyu
Published: November 2021

Objective: The value of frozen sections in diagnoses of breast malignancies that failed to be diagnosed by core needle biopsy (CNB) is indeterminate. To re-evaluate and improve the utility of frozen section on this kind of breast malignancy, we conducted a retrospective data analysis and constructed a prediction model.Method: We reviewed data of breast cancer patients that failed to be diagnosed by CNB (CNB-undiagnosable) in Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC) from May 1, 2006 to December 31, 2019. Clinical characteristics of patients were collected. the correlation between clinical features and false negative rate (FNR) of frozen sections was explored with logistic regression analysis, after which a nomogram was constructed to predict the probability of false negative.Result: The diagnostic sensitivity of frozen section on CNB-undiagnosable breast cancer was 67.18%, and the FNR was 32.82%. In multivariate analysis, papillary lesion (OR, 4.251; 95% CI, 2.804-6.492; P<0.0001) and sclerosing adenosis (OR, 3.727; 95% CI, 1.897-7.376; P= 0.0001) on CNB were risk factors of false negative, while clustered microcalcifications on mammography (OR, 0.345; 95% CI, 0.216-0.543; P < 0.0001) and ultrasonic BI-RADS category 4C-5 (OR, 0.250; 95% CI, 0.081-0.777; P = 0.0157) were favorable factors of true positive. The false negative rate of frozen section could be controlled at about 10% by the prediction of nomogram. Conclusion: Frozen sections are valuable in the diagnosis of CNB-undiagnosable breast cancers. It is recommended to implement the intraoperative frozen sections for high-risk breast lesions with a low probability of false negative indicated by prediction, so as to minimize the occurrence of unnecessary re-operation.
Duration of Postoperative Hyperlactatemia Has Predictive Value in Recurrent Fistula After Major Definitive Surgery for Intestinal Fistula
Authors: Tian Weiliang , Luo Shikun , Xu Xin , Yao Zheng , Zhao Risheng
Published: November 2021

Purpose

The present study aimed to identify the predictive value of duration of postoperative hyperlactatemia in screening patients at high risk of recurrent fistula after major definitive surgery(DS) for intestinal fistula.
Methods

If the initial postoperative lactate(IPL)> 2 mmol/L, DS was defined as major definitive surgery. The 315 enrolled patients with major DS were divided into group A (2 mmol/L<IPL≤ 4 mmol/L), group B (mmol/L6 mmol/L). The characteristics of patients were collected, and the duration of postoperative hyperlactatemia was analyzed. According to the occurrence of recurrent fistula (RF), patients were further divided into RF group A, and Non-RF group A; RF group B, and Non-RF group B; and RF group C, and Non-RF group C.
Results

The duration of postoperative hyperlactatemia was comparable between the RF group A and the Non-RF group A [12 (IQR:12-24) vs 24 (IQR:12-24), p=0.387]. However, the duration of hyperlactatemia was associated with RF in group B (adjusted OR= 1.061; 95%CI: 1.029-1.094; p<0.001) and group C (adjusted OR=1.059; 95%CI: 1.012-1.129; p=0.017). In group B, the cutoff point of duration of 42 hours had the optimal predictive value (area under ROC=0.791, sensitivity=0.717, specificity =0.794, p<0.001). In group C, the cutoff point of duration of 54 hours had the optimal predictive value (area under ROC=0.781, sensitivity=0.730, specificity =0.804, p<0.001).
Conclusion

The duration of postoperative hyperlactatemia has a value in predicting RF in patients with an IPL of more than 4 mmol/L after major definitive surgery for intestinal fistula.
Deciphering the Mechanisms of Microbe Mediated Drought Stress Alleviation in Wheat
Authors: SINGH DEVENDRA , Thapa Shobit , Yadav Jagriti , SINGH Dikchha , Chakdar Hillol , M. Kumar , Saxena Anil Kumar
Published: November 2021

Drought stress adversely influences the crop plants. Herein, present research was designed to elucidate the role of plant growth promoting microbes for amelioration of water stress in wheat. A pot experiment was conducted for screening the microorganisms on the basis of plant growth, chlorophyll and proline content under water stress. Bacillus sp. BT3 and Klebsiella sp. HA9 were found more promising strains that positively influenced the plant growth, chlorophyll and proline status of seedlings under water stress condition. Further, Bacillus sp. BT-3 and Klebsiella sp. HA9 along with check strain (BioNPK) were used for elucidating their detailed effect on morphological, biochemical, physiological and molecular traits to mitigate drought stress in wheat. Microbial inoculation significantly enhanced plant growth, biomass, relative water content, chlorophyll content and root morphological parameters over the uninoculated water stressed (30% FC) control. Likewise, sugar content, protein content and antioxidant enzymes were also significantly enhanced due to microbial inoculation under water stress (30% FC). Microbial inoculation significantly decreased proline, glycine betaine, lipid peroxidation, peroxide and superoxide radicals in wheat over the uninoculated water stressed (30%FC) control. Quantitative real-time (qRT)- PCR analysis revealed that Bacillus sp. BT-3, Klebsiella sp. HA9 and BioNPK inoculation significantly upregulated stress responsive genes (DHN, DREB, L15 and TaABA-8OH) over the uninoculated water stressed (30% F.C.) control. The study reports the potential of Bacillus sp. BT3 and Klebsiella sp. HA9 along with BioNPK in water stress alleviation in wheat which could be recommended as effective biofertilizers.
Macrophage-derived Apoptotic Vesicles Regulate Fate Commitment of Mesenchymal Stem Cells via miR155
Authors: Zhu Yuan , Zhang Xiao , Yang Kunkun , Shao Yuzi , Gu Ranli , Liu Xuenan , Liu Hao , Liu Yunsong , Zhou Yongsheng
Published: November 2021

Background

In tissue engineering, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are common seed cells because of abundant sources, strong proliferation ability and immunomodulatory function. Numerous researches have demonstrated that MSC-macrophage crosstalk played a key role in the tissue engineering. Macrophages could regulate the differentiation of MSCs via different molecular mechanisms, including extracellular vesicles. Apoptotic macrophages could generate large amounts of apoptotic vesicles (apoVs), whereas the functions of macrophage-derived apoVs remain largely unknown. There was no research to clarify the role of macrophage-derived apoVs in MSC fate choices. In this study, we aimed to characterize macrophage-derived apoVs, and investigate the roles of macrophage-derived apoVs in the fate commitment of MSCs.
Methods

We characterized macrophage-derived apoVs, and investigated their role in MSC osteogenesis and adipogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we performed microRNA loss- and gain- of function experiments and western blot to determine the molecular mechanism.
Results

We found that macrophage-derived apoVs inhibited osteogenesis and promoted adipogenesis in vitro and in vivo. In mechanism, apoVs regulated osteogenesis and adipogenesis of MSCs by delivering microRNA155 (miR155).
Conclusions

Macrophage-derived apoVs could regulate the osteogenesis and adipogenesis of MSCs through delivering miR155, which provided novel insights for MSC-mediated tissue engineering.
Pyogenic Liver Abscesses Patients With Diabetes Mellitus Induced by Klebsiella Pneumoniae Are More Prone to Organ Dysfunction
Authors: Xue Mingming , Zeng Xiangpeng , Xu Feixiang , Shao Mian , Yang Yilin , Tao Zhengang , Yu Zhigao , Yin Jun , Gu Guorong , Song Zhenju , Tong Chaoyang , Yao Chenling , Xue Mingming
Published: November 2021

Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) has become a common risk factor for pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) patients, Klebsiella pneumoniae is a primary pathogen of PLA (KPLA). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and microbiological characteristics in PLA patients with or without DM induced by Klebsiella pneumoniae or not.Methods The clinical data of the total 557 PLA patients were collected in Zhongshan Hospital from January 2015 to December 2020. The liver abscess were confirmed using abdominal ultrasound (US)，computerized tomography (CT), and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The 557 patients were divided into two groups, PLA with DM and PLA without DM. In the group of PLA with DM, the patients were further separated into KPLA with DM and non-KPLA with DM.Results The total of 557 patients with PLA were analyzed, 225 (40.40%) patients comorbided DM. Among PLA patients with DM, there is a higher proportion of patients with hypertension (42.22%) and fatty liver diseases (38.67%), the most common clinical manifestation is frail and fatigue (18.22%), and more likely to progress to sepsis and metastatic infections such as periorbital infection. The PLA patients with DM have higher inflammatory markers (WBC, N%, CRP, ESR and PCT). There was significant difference between the group of PLA with DM and PLA without DM in the percentage of neutrophils, liver enzymes, albumin, glucose metabolism (blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin and glycated albumin), lipid metabolism (triglycerides, low density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein), blood sodium and chlorine, blood urea nitrogen and higher heart markers ( proBNP and CK-MB). In KPLA patients with DM compared with non-KPLA with DM, inflammatory markers (WBC, N%, CRP, ESR and PCT), liver function index (TB, CB, ALT, AST, ALP and r-GT) and cardiac markers (cTnT and proBNP) are more higher. The level of albumin, serum sodium and ferritin are more lower between the KPLA patients with DM and non-KPLA with DM. Detection of liver abscess by high-throughput sequencing is more sensitive and accurate. There was no in-hospital mortality.Conclusions The study found that in the PLA patients with diabetic DM, Klebsiella pneumoniae infection is the most common, which is more prone to organ dysfunction and electrolyte disorder. High-throughput sequencing can help early diagnosis and accurate treatment of PLA patients.
Occurrence and Anti-microbial Susceptibility Pattern of Extended Spectrum Beta‑Lactamase Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Waste Water Released from Governmental Hospital of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Kebede Alehegn Amare
Published: November 2021

Background

Worldwide, come out and dissemination of Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) producing Enterobacteriaceae has been warning the efficacy of antibiotics to treat an infection. Hospital wastewaters were a reservoir of such kind of resistant bacteria. Currently, the predominant antibiotics used for the treatment of hospitalized patients infected by Gram negative bacteria are the 𝛽-lactam antibiotics. So it is an important source to investigate the magnitude of ESBLs producing bacteria and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of ESBLs producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBLs-pE) and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern in wastewater released from five governmental hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Method

A cross-sectional study was carried out from April 1 to May 31, 2020. A total of 100 wastewaters were collected from five governmental hospitals in Addis Ababa using a grap-sampling technique. All Enterobacteriaceae were screened for ESBLs production using cefotaxime and ceftazidime as per 29th CLSI guideline. Each screen positive for ESBLs production was confirmed by the combination disk method (CDT) and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern were done using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method on Muller Hinton agar (MHA). Data were entered and summarized using SPSS version 20 software.
Results

Of all Enterobacteriaceae, 48.3% were confirmed ESBLs-pE. The highest ratio of ESBLs-PE was observed in adult ward (66.7%) and laundry unit effluent (58.8%). The highest ESBL producers were E. coli (21.8%) and K. pneumoniae (4.8%). The most elevated resistance level of ESBL producer were observed to cefotaxime (95.8%) and amoxacilline/clavunalate (93%). 64% of tested Enterobacteriaceae isolates were multi drug resistant (MDR).
Conclusion

Higher magnitude of MDR and ESBLs-pE were present in the hospital wastewater. Majority of them were in adult ward and laundry unit effluents. The most frequent ESBLs-pE was among E .coli and K. pneumoniae. Hence, Consistent infection prevention and control procedures should be in practice at each ward/unit.
Soil Nitrate Mediates the Responses of Plant Community Production to the Frequency of N Addition in a Temperate Grassland: A Decadal Field Experiment
Authors: Song Changchun , Zhang Yuqiu , Ren Zhengru , Lu Haining , Chen Xu , Liu Ruoxuan , Chen Jungang , Zhang Yunhai
Published: November 2021

PurposeNitrogen (N) enrichment through either artificial N application or atmospheric N deposition often increases ecosystem aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP). Therefore, results from N addition experiments have been used to assess the effects of atmospheric N deposition on ecosystems. However, the frequency of atmospheric N deposition is higher than that of artificial N addition. Whether the frequency of N addition alters the long-term response of ecosystem ANPP remains unclear. MethodsWe conducted a N addition frequency experiment from 2010 in a temperate grassland, northern China. Plant community ANPP was collected in 2019 and 2020, and soil physicochemical properties were measured in 2020. ResultsPlant community ANPP was significantly enhanced by N addition, whereas these increments declined with the frequency of N addition. The responses of the grasses ANPP to the frequency of N addition were similar to those of the plant community ANPP. Forbs ANPP was not significantly altered by the frequency of N addition. Meanwhile, soil ammonium and nitrate (NO3−–N) concentrations decreased with increasing N addition frequency, while the soil water content (SWC) and pH were similar among the frequencies of N addition. Moreover, SWC and soil NO3−–N jointly promoted grasses ANPP, ultimately increasing the plant community ANPP. ConclusionOur findings extend the water and N co-limitation hypothesis by specifying the preference for NO3−–N in arid/semi-arid regions. This study also illustrates that a higher frequency of N addition is more suitable for assessing the long-term impacts of atmospheric N deposition on ecosystems.
Current Clinical Practice for Thromboprophylaxis Management in Patients With Cushing’s Syndrome Across Reference Centers of the European Reference Network on Rare Endocrine Conditions (Endo-ERN)
Authors: Haalen Femke van , Kaya M. , Pelsma I.C.M. , Dekkers O.M. , Biermasz N.R. , Cannegieter S.C. , Huisman M.V. , Vlijmen B.J.M. van , Feelders R.A. , Klok F.A. , Pereira A.M.
Published: November 2021

Background: Cushing’s syndrome (CS) is associated with an hypercoagulable state and an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Evidence-based guidelines on thromboprophylaxis strategies in patients with CS are currently lacking. We aimed to map the current clinical practice for thromboprophylaxis management in patients with CS across reference centers (RCs) of the European Reference Network on Rare Endocrine Conditions (Endo-ERN), which are endorsed specifically for the diagnosis and treatment of CS. Using the EU survey tool, a primary screening survey, and subsequently a secondary, more in-depth survey were developed. Results: The majority of the RCs provided thromboprophylaxis to patients with CS (n=23/25), although only one center had a standardized thromboprophylaxis protocol (n=1/23). RCs most frequently started thromboprophylaxis from CS diagnosis onwards (n=11/23), and the majority stopped thromboprophylaxis based on individual patient characteristics, rather than standardized treatment duration (n=15/23). Factors influencing the initiation of thromboprophylaxis were ‘medical history of VTE’ (n=15/23) and ‘severity of hypercortisolism’ (n=15/23). Low-Molecular-Weight-Heparin was selected as the first-choice anticoagulant drug for thromboprophylaxis by all RCs (n=23/23). Postoperatively, the majority of RCs reported ‘severe immobilization’ as an indication to start thromboprophylaxis in patients with CS (n=15/25). Most RCs (n=19/25) did not provide standardized testing for variables of hemostasis in the postoperative care of CS. Furthermore, the majority of the RCs provided preoperative medical treatment to patients with CS (n=23/25). About half of these RCs (n=12/23) took a previous VTE into account when starting preoperative medical treatment, and about two-thirds (n=15/23) included ‘reduction of VTE risk’ as a goal of treatment. Conclusions: There is a large practice variation regarding thromboprophylaxis management and perioperative medical treatment in patients with CS, even in Endo-ERN RCs. Randomized controlled trials are needed to establish the optimal prophylactic anticoagulant regimen, carefully balancing the increased risk of (perioperative) bleeding, and the presence of additional risk factors for thrombosis.
The Role of miRNA-424 in Various Cancers: Focusing on Drug Resistance and Sensitivity
Authors: Najafi Fatemeh , Karimi Shohreh , Kazemi Bahareh , Foruzandeh Zahra , Vakili Sajjad , Seif Farhad , Derakhshani Mahdi , Solali Saeed , Alivand MohammadReza
Published: November 2021

However, advanced technologies have been developed in the treatment of various cancers the mortality rate of this disease is still very high. Drug resistance is a major problem for cancer patients which causes the treatment process to fail. In addition to inhibiting drug resistance, targeted therapy is also very important in its treatment. Nowadays, miRNAs have gained increasing interest in recent years which play a major role in both drug resistance and target therapy. MicroRNA (miRNA) is an important part of non-coding RNA that regulates gene expression at a posttranscriptional level. One of these microRNAs is miR-424 that by targeting genes involved in various cellular processes can participate in proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, invasion, angiogenesis, and drug resistance and sensitivity. In this study, we collected the role of miR-424 in a variety of cancers and by identifying the role of miR-424 in drug resistance we can reduce the effect of drug resistance in many cancers.
Immunoglobulin-Induced Aseptic Meningitis in Juvenile Dermatomyositis: A Case Report
Authors: CHAN Oi Man , Kuok Chon In , Yeung Hoi Man Roanna , Chan Winnie Kwai Yu
Published: November 2021

Background: Aseptic meningitis is a known but unusual serious adverse effect of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). It usually resembles infectious meningitis which makes diagnosis challenging. Case presentation: We report a five-and-a-half-year-old Chinese girl with juvenile dermatomyositis presented with signs of meningismus 21 hours after the initiation of IVIG infusion. Her blood work at diagnosis showed neutrophilia and lymphopenia. The cerebrospinal fluid analysis demonstrated neutrophilic pleocytosis, hyperproteinorrachia and normoglycorrhachia. All microbiological tests were negative. The child recovered fully within 72hours without neurological sequelae.Conclusion: IVIG-induced aseptic meningitis remains a diagnosis of exclusion. Although it is rare, paediatricians should be aware of this complication and avoid unnecessary investigation or treatment.
Effectiveness of the Fixtoe Device® in Plantar Pressure Reduction: A Preliminary Study.
Authors: Ruiz-Ramos Maria , Orejana-García Ángel Manuel , Vives-Merino Ignacio , Bravo-Llatas Carmen , Lázaro-Martínez José Luis , Molines-Barroso Raúl Juan
Published: November 2021

Background: Metatarsalgia is a common foot condition. The metatarsophalangeal stabilizing taping technique described by Yu et al. has shown good clinical results as a provisional treatment in propulsive metatarsalgia. 35 The Fixtoe Device®, a novel orthopedic device, intends to simulate stabilizing tape. However, to date, there is no evidence of its effectiveness.Methods: The aim of this study was to assess plantar pressure changes using the Fixtoe Device®, in comparison with the traditional method (stabilizing tape) in a young, healthy sample thorough a cross-sectional study. Maximal pressure (Kpa) and pressure-time integral (Kpa/s) in the second metatarsal head were measured in twenty-four healthy volunteers. Registers were taken in four different conditions: barefoot, traditional stabilizing tape, Fixtoe Device® without metatarsal pad, and Fixtoe Device® with metatarsal pad. Results: Mean second metatarsal head maximal pressure and mean pressure-time integral showed statistical difference among the four analyzed conditions (p < 0.0001 in both cases). The improvement in maximal pressure and pressure-time integral obtained in each intervention also showed significance (p < 0.0001 in both cases). Comparing the improvement of the Fixtoe Device® with and without metatarsal pad with that of tape condition showed a moderate to high and moderate effect size for both peak pressure and pressure-time integral reduction.Conclusions: The Fixtoe Device® reduces median maximal pressure and median pressure-time integral under the second metatarsal head in healthy young individuals. The Fixtoe Device® shows higher effectiveness than the traditional second metatarsophalangeal joint stabilizing taping technique. To our knowledge, this is the first investigation proving the effectiveness of the recently developed Fixtoe Device® in terms of plantar pressure modification, which leads the way to its use in clinics.
Temporary Cable Force Monitoring Techniques During Bridge Construction-phase. The Tajo River Viaduct Experience
Authors: Gaute-Alonso Álvaro , Garcia-Sanchez David , Cobo Carlos Alonso , Calderon-Uriszar-Aldaca Iñigo
Published: November 2021

This article addresses the comparative analysis of current techniques for monitoring cable forces. Additionally, the experience of three cable force different monitoring techniques for strain control in bridge cables during the construction phase is included: a) installing load cells on the active anchorages of the cables, b) installing unidirectional strain gauges, and c) assessing the stress on cables by applying the vibrating wire technique through the installation of accelerometers. The main advantages and disadvantages of each technique analyzed are highlighted in the construction process context of the Tajo Viaduct, one of the most singular viaducts recently built in Spain.
Morphological, physiological, and biochemical responses of onion (Allium cepa L.) breeding lines to single and combined salt and drought stresses
Authors: GÖKÇE Zahide Neslihan ÖZTÜRK , Gokce Ali Fuat , Junaid Muhammad Daniyal , Chaudhry Usman Khalid
Published: November 2021

Abiotic stresses deteriorate plant growth resulting in devastating yield losses. Salt stress solely cause ionic toxicity and disturbed homeostasis, whereas combined salt and drought stress has more pronounced effects on plants. Here we performed a pot experiment using 32 Turkish onion breeding lines and commercial cultivars for screening against salt, drought and combined salt and drought stress treatments initiated at the bulbification stage under greenhouse conditions. Physiological characteristics, such as gaseous exchange traits, chlorophyll index, leaf temperature, and morphological traits including number of leaves, length and diameter of leaf were measured during stress treatment and yield response of the onions was quantified by measuring bulb length, bulb diameter and bulb weight after harvest. Proline and malondialdehyde accumulation were estimated for biochemical effect of stress on onion genotypes. All genotypes responded differentially to the applied single and combined stresses. Overall results revealed that the breeding lines K25, U6, U17 and commercial cultivar K58, were grouped as sensitive across all stresses, whereas the breeding lines K41, U47, U49 and commercial cultivar K52, were found to be the most stable upon stress. These resilient genotypes can be used as breeding material for future abiotic stress studies.
LncRNA GAS5 Inhibits Temozolomide Chemoresistance to Glioma Via Inactivating Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway by Interacting with PTBP1
Authors: He Xin , Sheng Jie , Chen Yingxi , Long Xuan , Yu Wei , LIU QIAN
Published: November 2021

Purpose Temozolomide-based therapeutic resistance has become the crucial cause of chemotherapy failure in glioma treatment. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) growth arrest-specific 5 (GAS5) is reported to be downregulated in glioma and to inhibit tumor progression and metastasis. This study aimed to investigate function and potential regulatory mechanism of GAS5 in temozolomide (TMZ) chemoresistance to glioma.Methods qRT-PCR, western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to measure the levels of GAS5 and proteins. RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation assay was used to analyze the interaction between GAS5 and PTBP1. Flow cytometry apoptosis assay, CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay and nude mice xenograft experiments were used to detect the effects of GAS5 on TMZ resistance in glioma.Results Downregulation of GAS5 might predict a poor prognosis in glioma patients. Overexpression of GAS5 improves the sensitivity to TMZ in glioma cells. Mechanistically, GAS5 could interact with polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1 (PTBP1) to downregulate its expression, thereby inactivating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Moreover, GAS5 could increase the anti-tumor effect of TMZ in vivo. Conclusion This study indicated that GAS5 contributed to TMZ chemoresistance of glioma through interacting with PTBP1, and then inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which provides a novel approach to develop promising therapeutic strategy.
Subchronic Acephate Exposure Induces Immunotoxicity in White Leghorn Cockerels
Authors: Tripathi Syamantak , Govindappa Prem , Bedekar Megha , Sahni Yash , Sarkhel B. , Sharma Rajesh , Sankhala Laxmi , Shetty Raghavendra
Published: November 2021

We investigated the subchronic immunotoxicity of the phosphoramidothioate organophosphorous insecticide, acephate in white leghorn cockerels (WLH). The cockerels were divided into five groups; C1 (plain control), C2 (vehicle control), T1, T2, and T3 which received acephate suspended groundnut oil for 60 days at doses of 21.3, 28.4 and 42.6 mgkg−1respectively. The live body weight gain, absolute and relative weights of the spleen, thymus, and bursa of Fabricius, hemoglobin (Hb), total erythrocyte counts (TEC), packed cell volume (PCV) and lymphocytes were significantly decreased. However, monocytes, eosinophils, heterophils, and basophils were significantly increased. Total protein, albumin and albumin to globin ratio, the antibody response to RD-F and delayed-type hypersensitivity response to DNCB dye or PHA-P, erythrocyte and brain Acetylcholinesterase activity was also significantly reduced in T2 and T3. At 40 and 60 days of acephate exposure, nitrate and nitric oxide production by RD-F and mitogen Con A stimulated peripheral blood and splenic lymphocytes, as well as lymphocyte proliferation in response to antigen RD-F and mitogen Con A stimulation, were significantly decreased in groups T2 and T3. Furthermore, dose-dependent increases in the frequency of micronuclei formation, varying intensity serum protein bands with different protein fractions (14.85KDa), and splenic DNA laddering (180 bp) were observed in groups T2 and T3. Histopathologically, the spleen and bursa showed morphological changes and mild lymphocyte depletion. In conclusion, low-level acephate exposure may affect acetylcholinesterase, lymphocytes, and immune responses in cockerels. As a result, it should be considered when assessing immunotoxicity and the risk to human and animal health.
The continuity of prime numbers can lead to even continuity(Goldbach conjecture)
Authors: Ling Xie
Published: November 2021

Two prime numbers{3,5}.{3,5}→{3+3= 6，3+5=8，5+5=10} →{6,8,10}.{{10}→(5+5=10 = 3 + 7) → 7}Increased by 7 →{3, 5, 7}.Note changes:{3,5}→{ 6,8,10}→ {3, 5, 7}.{3,5,7}→{ 3+3= 6, 3+5=8, 5+5=10, 5+7=12, 7+7=14}→{ 6,8,10,12,14}.{{14}→(7+7=14 = 3 + 11) → 11} Increased by 11 →{3, 5, 7, 11}.Note changes: {3,5,7}→{ 6,8,10,12,14}→ {3, 5, 7,11}. The same logic would be:{3,5,7,11}→{ 6,8,10,12,14,16}→ {3, 5, 7,11,13}.The same logic would be:{3,5,7,11,13}→{ 6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20}→ {3, 5, 7,11,13,17}.【Note: if a prime number is added, n consecutive even numbers (n≥1) can be obtained.】Sequential continuation, ......If you expand infinitely in the above specified mode: {3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23,...Get: { 6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,...The above is: the continuity of prime numbers can lead to even continuity.Get: Goldbach conjecture holds. If it is mandatory: Authenticity stops at an even number 2n.{{3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23,...,p1}→{ 6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,...,2n}.{3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23,...,p1} ↛(2n+2).∀p+∀p≠2n+2 } It can be proved that: It violates the "Bertrand Chebyshev" theorem.∴ {3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23,...→{ 6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,...Get: Goldbach conjecture holds.
Comprehensive Analysis of Immune-Related Metabolic Genes in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Li Fangfang , Huang Chun , Qiu Llingxiao , Li Ping , Zhang Guojun
Published: November 2021

Purpose

The immunotherapy of lung adenocarcinoma has received more and more attention. Different immune cells can affect other metabolic genes and lifespan, and cell metabolism directly regulates immune cell functions. Therefore, it is crucial to explore the role of immune-related metabolic genes in lung adenocarcinoma.
Methods

In this study, we divided immune-related metabolic genes into three categories based on different immune characteristics and researched immune and clinical pathology. LASSO regression analysis was used to screen immune-related metabolic genes, and a clinical prediction model of the screened genes was constructed. Finally, we selected the intersection of immune metabolism genes that are highly expressed in the tumor site and immune metabolism genes that are negatively related to survival, and used qRT-PCR for experimental verification.
Results

We first screened out immune-related metabolic genes that may affect lung cancer tumor progression, and screened out 9 pivot genes (TK1, TCN1, CAV1, ACMSD, HS3ST2, HS3ST5, AMN, ADRA2C, ACOXL) through LASSO regression analysis and constructed Prognosis model. Finally, through the screening of tumor-related immune metabolism genes, we obtained five pivot genes (HMMR, PFKP, RRM2, TCN1 and TK1). Our qRT-PCR results also show that RRM2 is positively correlated with CDK2, CDK4, CDK6, and CDK8, revealing the close relationship between RRM2 and immune cell tumor infiltration.
Conclusion

We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the immune infiltration of the tumor microenvironment of lung cancer, and finally determined RRM2 as a promising immune metabolism checkpoint for lung adenocarcinoma based on the high correlation of RRM2 with immune cells and CDK family.
Deciphering Higher Order Non-Allelic Interactions For Quantitative Characters Through Twelve Generation Mean Analysis In Castor (Ricinus Communis L.)
Authors: Mori Kiran , Patel Jagdish , Rani Kirti , Mori Vaishali , Kumar Mithlesh , Ajay BC
Published: November 2021

The genetic architecture of oil content, seed yield and its related biometric traits in castor was investigated through generation mean analysis of four crosses viz., JP 104 x JI 433, SKP 84 x JI 433, SKP 84 x JI 437 and SKP 84 x JI 441 in twelve generations (P1, P2, F1, F2, B1, B2, B11, B12, B21, B22, B1s and B2s). Significance of simple scaling tests and Cavali’s joint scaling test in all the crosses for one or more traits indicated the presence of digenic and trigenic gene interactions. Further, the significant 𝜒2(2) value at six degrees of freedom based on six- parameter model of Hill (1966), depicted the presence of trigenic or higher order epistasis in all the crosses for all the characters. The trigenic ten-parameter model was found to be adequate in cross JP 104 x JI 433 for effective length of primary raceme; in crosses JP 104 x JI 433 and SKP 84 x JI 437 for number of capsules on primary raceme; and in cross SKP 84 x JI 441 for number of effective branches per plant. On the other hand, 𝜒2(3) with two degrees of freedom was found significant for remaining traits in all the four crosses showing the presence of higher order epistasis and/or linkage. All the ten-parameters were significant for shelling out turn percentage in three crosses SKP 84 X JI 433, SKP 84 x JI 437 and SKP 84 x JI 441 and for days to maturity of primary raceme in cross SKP 84 x JI 433. Moreover, the duplicate epistasis was reported for the inheritance of oil content, seed yield and its component traits. This information can be utilized in developing castor lines with high seed yield and oil content.
Moisture Transport Associated with Southwest Monsoon Rainfall Over Sri Lanka in Relatively Wet and Dry Rainfall Years
Authors: Shelton Sherly
Published: November 2021

Atmospheric moisture transportation associated with the occurrence of relatively wet and dry southwest monsoon (SWM) years over Sri Lanka is still not fully understood. This study focused on investigating the role of moisture transport in contrast SWM years. We selected seven wet (SWMWet) and nine dry (SWMDry) years for 1985-2015 and found that the whole country experiences above-average (below average) rainfall in SWMWet (SWMDry) years. In SWMWet years, strengthening moisture-laden low-level jets (LLJ) from the Arabian Sea bring a large amount of moisture towards Sri Lanka. In contrast, the weakening of the LLJ from the Arabian Sea direction is observed in SWMDry years. As a consequence, the climatological mean of net moisture flux (4.35 ×105 kg s-1) over the study domain is increased (5.33×105 kg s-1) and decreased (3.98 ×105 kg s-1) in SWMWet and SWMDry years, respectively. With respect to long-term Vertically Integrate Moisture Flux Divergence (VIMFD, –3.28×10-5 kg m-2 s-1), negative anomalous VIMFD (–1.78×10-5 kg m-2 s-1) in SWMWet years and positive anomalous VIMFD (1.44×10-5 kg m-2 s-1) in SWMDry years are recorded, which ascribed above-average and below-average rainfall over the country. Furthermore, strong moisture convergence (divergence) center in the western/ southwestern part of Sri Lanka during the SWMWet (SWMDry) years explain why strong positive and negative SWM rainfall anomalies are concentrated in these two regions. Furthermore, results highlighted a strong relationship between net moisture flux availability and SWM rainfall (r= 0.63) that may explain the observed SWM rainfall variability over the country.
Impact of Enhanced Recovery Program (ERP) on Clinical Outcomes After Elective Colorectal Surgery in a Rural Hospital: A Prospective Cohort Study with Retrospective Control.
Authors: PESCE ANTONIO , Portinari Mattia , Fabbri Nicolò , Sciascia Valeria , Uccellatori Lisa , Sattin Leonardo , Vozza Michela , Righini Erminio , Feo Carlo Vittorio
Published: November 2021

Introduction:

The main purpose was to determine the impact on postoperative outcome of a standardized enhanced recovery program (ERP) for elective colorectal surgery in a rural hospital.
Methods

A prospective series of patients (N = 80) undergoing elective colorectal resection completing a standardized ERP protocol in 2018–2020 (ERP group) was compared to patients (N = 80) operated at the same rural hospital in 2013–2015 (pre-ERP group), before the implementation of the program. The exclusion criteria for both groups were: ASA score IV, TNM stage IV, inflammatory bowel disease, emergency surgery, and rectal cancer. The primary outcome was hospital length of stay (LoS) which was used as an estimate of functional recovery. Secondary outcomes included 30-day readmission and mortality rates as well as factors predicting both postoperative complications and prolonged hospital LoS.
Results

Baseline characteristics were comparable in both groups. Laparoscopic approach was performed in 95% of patients in the ERP group versus 0% in pre-ERP group. The median adherence to ERP protocol elements was 68% as opposed to 12% in the retrospective control group. The median hospital LoS in the ERP-group was significantly lower than in the pre-ERP group (5 vs. 10 days) with no increase in 30-day readmission and mortality rates. The Body Mass Index ≥ 30 and the traditional perioperative protocol were the independent predictive factors of postoperative complications, while following a traditional peri-operative protocol was the only factor predicting a prolonged hospital LoS.
Conclusions

Although limited hospital resources are perceived as a barrier to ERP implementation, the current experience demonstrates how adopting an ERP program in a rural area is feasible and effective, despite it requires greater effort. For patients in such areas, colorectal ERP in elective surgery may also reduce time to functional recovery, postoperative hospital LoS and complications, with no increase in mortality and 30-day re-admissions.
Comparative Growth Performance of Kuroiler and Nigerian Indigenous Naked Neck Chickens Kept in a Tropical Environment
Authors: OKOLI ODAH EMMANUEL , Mathew Wheto , Temitope Ojaowo Henry , Gideon Obanla Fisayo , Ayoka Adebambo Oluwafunmilayo , Olutumininu Adebambo Ayotunde
Published: November 2021

Chicken production is an essential venture for steady household income generation, poverty alleviation and provision of quality nutritional aids. This study was conducted to compare growth performance of Kuroiler and Nigerian indigenous naked neck chickens reared in the tropics. A total of 538 birds comprising 345 indigenous Nigerian naked neck and 193 Kuroiler chickens genotypes were sampled. Body weight and linear body measurements were observed at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10th week. Data obtained were subjected to 2-way analysis of variance using GLM procedure of SAS. There exist significant variations in chicken genotype with growth performance. Kuroiler birds significantly showed heavier mean body weight (p<0.05) at various critical growth stages observed than the Nigerian indigenous naked neck chickens reared under same conditions. The influence of genotype and sex on mean body weight and breast girth measures of chickens remain insignificant throughout early growth stages. However, at 6th, 8th and 10th week of age, Kuroiler breeds demonstrated superior growth rate and performance response compared to Nigerian indigenous naked neck fowls. Both chicken breeds exhibited differential growth patterns and sexual dimorphism in favour of male populations. Introduction and crossing of Kuroiler strains with Nigerian indigenous naked neck birds might result in better performance and adaptability.
Trajectories of historical memory of the Civil War in Russia (the example of the leaders of the White movement P.N. Wrangel and A.V. Kolchak)
Authors: Аникин Д.А. , Бубнов А.Ю.
Published: November 2021

Статья посвящена изучению особенностей формирования исторической памяти о Гражданской войне в постсоветской России. На примере образов лидеров Белого движения П.Н. Врангеля, А.В. Колчака, А.И. Деникина и П.Н. Краснова рассматриваются коммеморативные практики, мнемонические акторы и нарративы о Гражданской войне, представленные в публичном пространстве. Фигуры лидеров Белого дви-жения анализируются в контексте политики «согласия и примирения». Колчак и Краснов не используются государственной властью как значимые образы исторической политики в силу дополнительных антипатриотических коннотаций (интервенция, участие в Великой Отечественной войне на стороне Германии). Образы Деникина и Врангеля оказываются более компромиссными в силу возможности их использования в мемориальных конфликтах на постсоветском пространстве (в частности, в символическом противостоянии с Украиной). Активная мемориализация Врангеля начинается в 2014 г. в связи с включением Крыма в состав России.

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the formation of historical memory of the Civil War in post-Soviet Russia and is focused on the example of the two most important figures of the White movement, P.N. Wrangel and A.V. Kolchak. The study discusses commentary practices, mnemonic actors and narratives about the Civil War in Russia, presented in public space. The figures of the leaders of the White Movement are analyzed in the context of the policy of "consent and reconciliation" pursued by the Russian ruling elite. The memory of A.V. Kolchak becomes an important part of the symbolic struggle of modern supporters of the "red" and "white" causes. The image of P.N. Wrangel becomes especially relevant in 2014 in connection with the return of Crimea to Russia.
On the History of the Russian Lithuanistic: the Case of S. M. Solov’ev
Authors: Дворниченко А.Ю. , Кудрявцева Р.А.
Published: November 2021

Немногочисленные сочинения, в которых предпринимались попытки изобразить российскую литуанистику, т.е. историографию Великого княжества Литовского, в её историческом развитии, игнорировали С.М. Соловьева, сыгравшего громадную роль в становлении исторической науки в России. При этом упор делали на «москво-центричность» исторического сознания историка. Проникновение в это сознание путем скрупулезного анализа научных трудов позволяет, с одной стороны, увидеть в нём следы борьбы разных подходов к истории ВКЛ, с другой стороны, с полным основанием поставить С.М. Соловьёва в ряды ведущих российских литуанистов.

The authors of far from numerous works, which attempted to trace the development of the Russian Lithuanistic (i.e. the historiography of a history of Great Duchy of Lithuania (GDL) before the Union of Lublin (1569) usually disregarded such famous historian as S.M. Solov’ev, who had played a prominent role in Russian historical studies. In his case the scholars usually referred to the “Moscow-centricity” of his historical consciousness. But the painstaking study of this consciousness gives opportunity, from one side, to notice some struggle of different approaches to historical knowledge and, from another side, to see Solov’ev among the leading Russian lithuanists.
“Criticism of bourgeois sociology” in Soviet Russia of the 1920s: the Birth of a Genre
Authors: Малинкин А.Н.
Published: November 2021

В статье рассматриваются условия и идейные предпосылки зарождения особого жанра в марксистской социологии – «критики буржуазной социологии». Лидер боль-шевистской партии и основатель советского государства, В.И. Ленин, придал этой критике государственно-политическое значение, выдвинул её программу и задал образец. На конкретных примерах он показал, что «принцип партийности» в философии применим в качестве универсальной методологии подозрения и разоблачения идейных противников. Выявляются причины и анализируются последствия подмены доктринальной критики идеологическим разоблачением. Рассматриваются позитивные социокультурные функции доктринальной критики по существу.

The article discusses the real historical conditions and ideological prerequisites for the emergence of a special genre in Marxist sociology – «criticism of bourgeois sociology». The leader of the Bolshevik party and the founder of the Soviet state, V.I. Lenin, gave this criticism state-political significance, put forward its program, outlined its focus and set a pattern. Using concrete examples, he showed that the «principle of party affiliation» in philosophy is applicable as a universal methodology for suspecting and exposing ideological opponents. The causes are identified and the consequences of substituting doctrinal criticism with ideological unmasking initiated by V.I. Lenin are analyzed. The positive sociocultural functions of doctrinal criticism in essence are considered.
The Journey of "Furthur" in the Summer of 1964 and its Significance in the Changing Subcultures of the USA
Authors: Бодров О.В. , Закиров А.В.
Published: November 2021

В 1960-е гг. в США шел процесс становления контркультуры, которую связывают с психоделической революцией, нонконформизмом, разрывом поколений, антивоенным движением, социальными экспериментами. Именно в этот период происходит процесс преобразования бит-поколения 1950-х гг. в субкультуру хиппи 1960-х гг. Одним из показательных событий этого процесса стал факт присоединения битника Нила Кэссиди к коммуне «Весёлые Проказники» во главе с писателем Кеном Кизи. Путешествие «Далше» летом 1964 г. стало катализатором в этой смене субкультур.

In the 1960s, a counterculture was being formed in the United States, which was associated with the psychedelic revolution, nonconformism, the generation gap, the anti-war movement, and social experiments. It was during this period that the process of transforming the beat generation of the 1950s into a hippie subculture of the 1960s took place. One of the significant events of this process was the fact that beatnik Neil Cassidy joined the commune «Merry Pranksters» led by writer Ken Kesey. The «Further» trip in the summer of 1964 was a catalyst in this change of subcultures.
«Honest and Noble People» in the Russian Church of the 15th -16th Centuries: the Peculiarities of Self-Identification
Authors: Усачев А.С.
Published: November 2021

В работе рассматриваются особенности самоидентификации ряда русских служилых землевладельцев знатного происхождения XV–XVI вв. после принятия пострига. По-казано, что некоторых из них (Вассиана (Патрикеева), ростовского архиепископа Иоасафа (Оболенского), Иосифа Волоцкого) отличала «картина мира», характерная для представителей знати. Однако это были исключения. Как правило, в ходе длительного периода подготовки руководителей Церкви (не менее 2–3 десятилетий) их связь со «своей» социальной средой ослабевала и, соответственно, говорить о непосредственной связи между их статусом в миру и в Церкви вряд ли возможно.

The article deals with the peculiarities of the Russian landed gentry’s self-identification in the 15-16th centuries after taking of monastic vows. The author shows that some of them (Vassian (Patrikeev), the Rostov archbishop Iosaf (Obolensky), Iosif Volocky) shared the worldview typical for the nobility. But in these cases, we face with the exception to the general rule. The long period of the church leaders’ preparation (no less than 2-3 decades) usually had impact on weakening the ties with their social environment. That’s why it is impossible to speak about the connection between their status in the world and in the Church.
Confessional conflicts of the Reformation era as a factor of formation of the English people
Authors: Горелов М.М.
Published: November 2021

Статья посвящена анализу дискуссий в британской историографии по проблемам Реформации и её воздействию на английское общество. Данная проблематика рассматривается в контексте различных методологических подходов, актуальных в разное время и в разных направлениях исторической науки. Это позволяет исследовать английскую Реформацию с самых разных ракурсов, от политического до культурно-антропологического, что помогает создать её комплексную картину.

The article analyses the debates of the British historians of the second half of XX century on the problems of Reformation and its effects on the English society. These problems are viewed in the context of various research methods, from the political ones till cultural anthropology. It gives a complex picture of English Reformation.