bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Upravljanje digitalnom transformacijom državnog poduzeća
Authors: Sopta Martina
Published: January 2021

U jeku globalne
zdravstvene krize prouzročene pandemijom bolesti COVID-19, nužno je pronaći
strateška rješenja za poduzeća. Jedno od takvih operacionalnih izazova je
svakako digitalizacija poslovanja. Uspjehe provođenja i upravljanja digitalno
transformacijom ovisi o menadžmentu i odlučnosti provedbe iste. Kada je riječ o
državni poduzećima, svjesni smo situacije u Republici Hrvatskoj gdje sve više
državnih poduzeća u svom djelokrugu posla podliježe novim trendovima. Rijetki
su oni koji time čine i iskorak van standardnog core poslovanja i time
svojem poduzeću daju dodatnu konkurentsku prednost, a jedno od tih poduzeća je
svakako Hrvatska pošta d.d. Sa stanovišta korporacijskog rasta, osobito je
važna ona praksa koja je usko povezana sa investiranjem u inovacije, tako da
procedure, postupci i pravila kojih se menedžment drži pri praktičnom
odlučivanju o investiranju u inovacije postaju značajni izvori temeljem kojih
se može proširiti znanje o korporacijskom rastu. Istraživanje ovih specifičnosti,
kompletirat će sliku o faktorima, uvjetima i okolnostima koje djeluju u
realizaciji korporacijskog rasta hrvatskog državnog poduzeća.
Realizacija projekata baziranih na konceptu „pametnih“ gradova u Hrvatskoj s osvrtom na grad Jastrebarsko
Authors: Slišković Tamara , Vrhovec Ivona
Published: January 2021

Primjena napredne tehnologije potpuno je promijenila građane, gradove i zajednice, stvarajući inteligentno i pametno društvo. Prije svega, potrebno je ukazati na važnost
primjene inovativnih rješenja prilagođenih potrebama gradova i građana. Korištenjem inovativnih pristupa, gradovi su u mogućnosti poboljšati gospodarsku sliku te učiniti urbani život prikladnijim i boljim mjestom za život. U članku se analizira proces implementacije određenih komponenti pametnih gradova u Hrvatskoj. Cilj članka je istražiti koncept pametnoga grada, njihovu strukturu i funkciju te analizirati pametna rješenja u primjeni koncepta pametnih gradova na području Hrvatske, s posebnim osvrtom na grad Jastrebarsko. Primijenjeno je kvantitativno istraživanje putem anketnog upitnika (n=129) na području grada Jastrebarsko. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju uključenost hrvatskih gradova u proces implementacije pametnih rješenja i pozitivan utjecaj novih metoda urbanog upravljanja, koje omogućuju interaktivne, inkluzivne i inovativne urbane sustave, rješavaju dileme o urbanom razvoju, osiguravaju potrebe stanovnika, kontinuirano optimiziraju i poboljšavaju, te na kraju postižu održivi urbani razvoj.
Ben oltre il gancio: scienza e calcio nella copertura sportiva del Pará
Authors: Sousa André Laurent Souza Lopes , Santos Ana Lucia Prado Reis dos , Dendasck Carla Viana , Oliveira Euzébio de , Bahia Mirleide Chaar
Published: January 2021

Le relazioni relative alla scienza e al calcio non sono frequenti nella copertura sportiva del Pará. Comprendere le cause di questo problema è l’obiettivo principale di questo studio. Dalla rassegna letteraria delle scienze sportive nel calcio, l’interdisciplinarietà che per decenni contribuisce a studi rilevanti che hanno portato non solo alla comprensione dei problemi dello sport, ma anche all’aumento delle prestazioni dei calciatori e delle squadre. In un secondo momento, il lavoro porta il dialogo tra cultura scientifica (VOGT, 2003) e giornalismo, dal punto di vista scientifico (BUENO, 2009) e del giornalismo sportivo (BUENO, 2005; MALULY, 2005), al fine di evidenziare la provocazione di Messa (2005), che attribuisce al giornalismo sportivo di carattere scientifico, al giornalismo sportivo-scientifico, la possibilità di andare oltre lo spettacolo per gli appassionati-spettatori. Tuttavia, è necessario comprendere, da interviste semi-strutturate, i fattori limitanti della copertura sportiva a Pará e le ragioni per cui la scienza ha poco spazio. Una possibilità di ampliare i contenuti che coinvolgono la scienza e il calcio è la competenza e il rapporto tra giornalisti e membri dei comitati tecnici delle squadre di calcio di Pará.
Perfil epidemiológico y determinante social de COVID-19 en Macapá, Amapá, Amazonas, Brasil
Authors: Silva Anderson Walter Costa , Cunha Arthur Arantes , Alves Giovana Carvalho , Corona Rodolfo Antônio , Dias Claudio Alberto Gellis de Mattos , Nassari Reza , Vedovelli Silvana , Vilhena Tania Regina Ferreira , Favacho Veronica Batista Cambraia , Sousa Josiany Ferreira , Araújo Maria Helena Mendonça , Oliveira Euzébio , Dendasck Carla Viana , Fecury Amanda Alves
Published: January 2021

A finales de diciembre de 2019, en Wuhan, China, surgió una nueva variedad de coronavirus, siendo declarada una emergencia mundial de salud pública por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). El tropismo de las vías respiratorias puede deberse a la expresión de la enzima de angiotensina a convertidor 2 (ACE2). En la Región de la Amazonía Jurídica Brasileña, hasta el 22 de marzo de 2020, el Estado de Amazonas presentó 26 casos confirmados; Acre 11 casos; Párrafo 04; Rondonia 03; Roraima, Tocantins, Maranháo y Mato Grosso 02 casos; y Amapá sólo 01 si se confirma. Este estudio tiene como objetivo cuantificar y analizar los primeros casos sospechosos y confirmados de COVID-19 en Macapá, Amapá, Amazonas, Brasil. Se trata de un estudio observacional, retrospectivo y cuantitativo, en el que se hace referencia al perfil de los primeros 108 casos sospechosos notificados en Macapá, entre el 13 de marzo de 2020 y el 21 de marzo de 2020, y los cálculos de incidencia de COVID-19 en las 26 capitales brasileñas y Brasilia, Distrito Federal, entre el 26 de febrero de 2020 y el 26 de marzo de 2020. Los estudios pueden revelar un patrón específico de difusión del virus, que contribuiría a la planificación y aplicación de medidas epidemiológicas más eficaces de control y vigilancia epidemiológicas.
PENGARUH LINGKUNGAN KERJA DAN UPAH KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN
Authors: Rahayu Dewi , Firdaus Muhamad Azis , Rinda Rachmatullaily Tinakartika
Published: January 2021

Tujuan penilitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja dan Upah Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan pada PT. Campina Ice Cream Industry Tbk. Peneliti memperoleh data dengan penyebaran kuesioner. Jumlah sampel yang diambil 40 karyawan. Fahruroji (2018) kinerja seorang Karyawan dikatakan baik apabila dia mempunyai keahlian yang tinggi. Metode analisis data yang digunakan yaitu validitas, reabilitas, deskriptif, inferentif, regresi ganda, korelasi product moment, koefisien determinasi, uji t, dan uji f dengan menggunakan aplikasi komputer. Berdasarkan R hitung 0,855 menunjukan adanya hubungan yang sangat kuat antara Lingkungan Kerja (X1) dan Upah Kerja (X2) terhadap Kinerja Karyawan (Y) yang dibuktikan oleh hasil analis uji F hitung = 50,494 > F tabel = 3,25 maka Ha diterima (Ho ditolak). Dapat disimpulkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara Lingkungan Kerja dan Upah Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan.
STORE ATMOSPHERE DAN SALES PROMOTION TERHADAP IMPULSIVE BUYING
Authors: Br. Tarigan Emia Pepayosa , Sume Syahlan A. , Muniroh Leny
Published: January 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui Pengaruh Store Atmosphere dan Sales Promotion Terhadap Impulsive Buying (Studi Kasus Pada Konsumen Ramayana Bogor Square). Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan metode survei menggunakan data primer yang di dapat dari hasil penyebaran kuisioner sebanyak 100 sebagai sampel untuk mendapatkan responden dari Ramayana Bogor Square. Hasil analisis penelitian menggunakan aplikasi komputer SPSS 16 dengan hasil analisis regresi Y= 6,034+0,435X1 + 0,129X2 , variabel X sebesar 0,435 dan variabel X2 sebesar 0,129. Ini menunjukkan pengaruh bahwa Store Atmosphere dan Sales Promotion berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Impulsive Buying, ditunjukkan oleh koefisien kolerasi sebesar 0,656 dan koefisien determinasi sebesar 0,430. nilai F hitung = 36,545 > F tabel = 3,09 maka, berarti dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara Store Atmosphere (X1) dan Sales Promotion (X2) secara bersama-sama terhadap Impulsive Buying (Y) pada Konsumen Ramayana Bogor Square.
PENGARUH NILAI TUKAR, INFLASI DAN SUKU BUNGA TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS KEUANGAN PERUSAHAAN SUB SEKTOR TELEKOMUNIKASI
Authors: Lestari Nur Fitriani Putri , Nurhayati Immas , Supramono Supramono
Published: January 2021

Industri telekomunikasi adalah salah satu industri bisnis yang paling kompetitif, karena dengan adanya industri telekomunikasi setiap objek mampu berkomunikasi dan mampu bertukar data satu sama lain. Setidaknya perusahaan telekomunikasi harus mempunyai dana yang cukup besar untuk mengikuti inovasi teknologi terbaru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variabel makro ekonomi terhadap profitabilitas (ROA) perusahaan sub sektor telekomunikasi. Variabel tersebut adalah nilai tukar, inflasi dan suku bunga. Penelitian ini menggunakan data dari laporan keuangan tahunan perusahaan sub sektor telekomunikasi periode tahun 2009-2018 dan studi literatur makro ekonomi dari website Bank Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif komparatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial nilai tukar berpengaruh signifikan terhadap ROA. Inflasi dan suku bunga secara parsial tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap ROA. Dan secara simultan nilai tukar, inflasi dan suku bunga tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap ROA. Variabel bebas yang terdiri dari nilai tukar, inflasi dan suku bunga secara simultan dapat menjelaskan variabel terikat ROA sebesar 7.7%, sedangkan sisanya 92.3% dijelaskan oleh variabel lain diluar nilai tukar, inflasi dan suku bunga.
PENGARUH LOAN TO DEPOSIT RATIO (LDR) DAN NON PERFORMING LOAN (NPL) TERHADAP RETURN ON ASSET (ROA)
Authors: Saputra Muhammad Meigie , Yudhawati Diah , Aminda Renea Shinta
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) dan Non Performing Loan (NPL) terhadap Return on Asset (ROA) pada Sektor Perbankan BUMN yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2009-2018. ROA menunjukkan perbandingan antara laba sebelum pajak terhadap total asset, sehingga penting bagi Bank BUMN untuk melakukan analisis dalam menetapkan ROA yang ditargetkan sesuai dengan kondisi perbankan dan keadaan perekonomian.Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dengan kriteria Bank BUMN yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia yang terdiri atas : Bank Mandiri, Bank Rakyar Indonesia, Bank Negara Indonesia, dan Bank Tabungan Negara dengan menyajikan laporan keuangan periode 2009 sampai dengan 2018. Penelitian ini menggunakan model analisis regresi sederhana,analisis regresi berganda dan pengujian hipotesis (uji korelasi, uji koefisien determinasi, uji F, dan uji t).Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) secara parsial berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap Return on Asset (ROA). Non Performing Loan (NPL) secara parsial berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Return on Asset (ROA). Sedangkan Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) dan Non Performing Loan (NPL) secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Return on Asset (ROA).
PENGARUH KEPERCAYAAN MEREK DAN KUALITAS PRODUK TERHADAP LOYALITAS PELANGGAN
Authors: Trisnawati Maretta Nursyifa , Sume Syahlan A. , Muniroh Leny
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini akan membahas seberapa besar pengaruh kepercayaan merek dan kualitas produk terhadap loyalitas pelanggan pada merek kerudung Rabbani wilayah Bogor. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer yang diperoleh dari kuesioner dan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 100 responden. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan, mendapatkan kesimpulan hasil bahwa kedua variabel bebas (X1X2) mempengaruhi terhadap variabel terikat Y secara simultan.diperoleh koefisien korelasi (r) antara kepercayaan merek dan kualitas produk terhadap loyalitas pelanggan sebesar 0,638, hasil ini menunjukan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang kuat dan positif antara variabel Kepercayaan merek (X1) dan vriabel Kualitas produk (X2) terhadap variabel Loyalitas pelanggan (Y). Hal ini menunjukan bahwa terdapat pengaruh positif antara nilai r 0,638 dengan R² 40,8%. Analisis menggunakan uji F, menunjukan F hitung 33,367 > F tabel 3,09 sehingga Ha diterima dan itu berarti bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara kepercayaan merek dan kualitas produk terhadap loyalitas pelanggan pada merek kerudung Rabbani wilayah Bogor.
Kun kone tuli kotiin – suomalaisten kotien koneellistuminen naisten arjen mullistajana 1950–1970-luvuilla
Authors: Vanha-Similä Maria
Published: January 2021

Kodinkoneet yleistyivät Suomessa 1950–1970-luvuilla. Moneen kotiin hankittiin jääkaappi, televisio ja pyykkikone. Ne vaikuttivat suomalaisten ruokailutottumuksiin, ajankäyttöön ja naisten työssäkäyntiin. Tämä laaja katsaus tarkastelee kotien koneellistumista etenkin naisten arjen näkökulmasta 1950-luvulta aina 1970-luvun loppuun asti. Katsaus perustuu aikalaiskirjallisuuteen, tutkimusajankohtana aikakauslehdissä julkaistuihin artikkeleihin sekä aihetta käsittelevään tutkimuskirjallisuuteen.
El legado intelectual y político de Manuel Azaña (1880-1940)
Authors: Tajadura Tejada Javier
Published: January 2021

De la mano de la biografía realizada por Santos Juliá y de las obras completas de Manuel Azaña por él editadas, este ensayo analiza las ideas fundamentales del pensamiento político del insigne estadista republicano: la renovación de la tradición liberal que llevó a cabo; su defensa del Estado democrático como instrumento para la transformación de la sociedad; su política en el plano militar y en el plano religioso; su visión de la función educativa del Estado; y su concepción de la autonomía política de Cataluña como precedente del Estado Autonómico actual.
ALONSO GARCÍA, M. N. (2019). Retos jurídico-políticos de las funciones parlamentarias y los novedosos instrumentos de participación en la democracia del siglo XXI. Madrid: Dykinson (Recensión)
Authors: Fernández Cañueto Daniel
Published: January 2021

Recensión de la obra: ALONSO GARCÍA, M. N. (2019). Retos jurídico-políticos de las funciones parlamentarias y los novedosos instrumentos de participación en la democracia del siglo xxi. Madrid: Dykinson
Alfabetização sob a perspectiva de Paulo Freire
Authors: Fernandes Pollyana Pereira , Oliveira Kleonara Santos , Matta Alfredo Eurico Rodrigues
Published: January 2021

Com este ensaio teórico objetivou-se discutir acerca do processo de alfabetização a partir da concepção de educação libertadora do reconhecido educador Paulo Freire, com vista a elucidar o importante papel da escola para a formação do sujeito consciente, uma vez que, segundo a sua concepção, alfabetização e consciência não se separam. Trata-se de estudo no formato de ensaio teórico. A alfabetização merece destaque, por ser o campo inicial do trabalho de Freire, e ainda, por ser um tema que instiga diversas reflexões no Brasil, um país com alto número de jovens e adultos analfabetos. Neste sentido, ações direcionadas para a alfabetização desses jovens e adultos, mais que uma questão social e política é histórica e cultural. A relevância e atualidade da filosofia de Paulo Freire faz-se presente em todos os níveis de ensino desde a sua concepção, de modo que ao longo do texto alguns termos foram aprimorados, assim como dados de pesquisas citados foram atualizados.
“Casa: lar, doce lar ou prisão domiciliar?” uma perspectiva fenomenológica segundo codependentes de usuários de substâncias psicoativas
Authors: Dias Leone Mendes , Alves Marcelo da Silva , Pereira Maria Odete , Arreguy-Sena Cristina , Melo Laércio Deleon de , Assis Camila Cristina Gregório de , Spindola Thelma , Taroco Felipe Eduardo
Published: January 2021

Objetivou-se refletir sobre o ambiente domiciliar de codependentes como um ambiente de convivência com adictos de substâncias psicoativas numa perspectiva fenomenológica. Investigação descritiva, delineada na abordagem fenomenológica à luz do referencial teórico-metodológico-filosófico de Michel Maffesoli, realizada numa Unidade Básica de Saúde em Minas Gerais, Brasil, com oito codependentes. Coletaram-se dados de caracterização e foram realizadas entrevistas individuais em profundidade gravadas. Trataram-se os dados com análise de conteúdo fenomenológico com apoio dos softwares SPSS versão 24 e NVivo Pro11. Atenderam-se todos os aspectos ético-legais de pesquisa. Os oito sujeitos eram mulheres. Compreendeu-se que o “lar” pode se tornar uma verdadeira “Prisão domiciliar” quando a realidade cotidiana for marcada pelos múltiplos papéis ocupados pelas participantes, os quais são gerenciados juntamente com o cuidado ao familiar dependente químico. Portanto, as situações estressoras, dolorosas, que geram sentimentos ruins, como medo, insegurança, tristeza, e os conflitos familiares devem ser alvo do cuidado de enfermagem.
Role of the eastern Pacific-Caribbean Sea SST gradient in the Choco low-level jet variations from 1900-2015
Authors: Cerón WL , Andreoli RV , Kayano MT , Avila-Diaz A
Published: January 2021

In this article, we propose a novel approach for assessing the effects of sea surface temperature (SST) variations in the eastern Pacific and the Caribbean Sea on the Choco low-level jet (CJ) intensity over the 1900-2015 period that involved defining the interbasin gradient index (IGR) between these 2 oceanic basins. We also studied the effects on rainfall in northwestern South America and Central America in the high CJ season during September-November (SON). Wavelet coherence analysis showed high consistency between CJ and IGR on an interannual scale of 2-8 yr. Precipitation increased over central, western, and northern Colombia and most of Central America during strong CJ (SCJ) and decreased during weak CJ (WCJ) events, which occurred, respectively, in the negative IGR (NIGR) and positive IGR (PIGR) phases. NIGR is associated with anomalous cooling in the tropical Pacific and warming in the equatorial Atlantic; opposite patterns are observed during PIGR. Also, the CJ and the Caribbean low-level jet (CLLJ) showed reversed intensities such that as one strengthened, the other weakened and vice versa. Our results indicate that the low-frequency SST anomalies in the North Atlantic affect the IGR and low-level jet intensities associated with changes in large-scale circulation modulated by the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO). Indeed, positive precipitation anomalies during the SCJ under NIGR were more accentuated and extensive in the warm AMO (WAMO) than in the cold AMO (CAMO) phase. Conversely, negative precipitation anomalies during WCJ under PIGR were more accentuated and extensive in the CAMO than in the WAMO.
Differential susceptibility of Yukon River and Salish Sea stocks of Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha to ichthyophoniasis
Authors: Elliott DG , Conway CM , McKibben CL , MacKenzie AH , Hart LM , Groner ML , Purcell MK , Gregg JL , Hershberger PK
Published: January 2021

Preliminary evidence suggests that Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha from the Yukon River may be more susceptible to Ichthyophonus sp. infections than Chinook from stocks further south. To investigate this hypothesis in a controlled environment, we experimentally challenged juvenile Chinook from the Yukon River and from the Salish Sea with Ichthyophonus sp. and evaluated mortality, infection prevalence and infection load over time. We found that juvenile Chinook salmon from a Yukon River stock were more susceptible to ichthyophoniasis than were those from a Salish Sea stock. After feeding with tissues from infected Pacific herring Clupea pallasii, Chinook salmon from both stocks became infected. The infection was persistent and progressive in Yukon River stock fish, where infections sometimes progressed to mortality, and histological examinations revealed parasite dissemination and proliferation throughout the host tissues. In Salish Sea-origin fish, however, infections were largely transient; host mortalities were rare, and parasite stages were largely cleared from most tissues after 3-4 wk. Susceptibility differences were evidenced by greater cumulative mortality, infection prevalence, parasite density, proportion of fish demonstrating a cellular response, and intensity of the cellular response among fish from the Yukon River stock. These observed differences between Chinook salmon stocks were consistent when parasite exposures occurred in both freshwater and seawater. These results support the hypothesis that a longer-standing host-pathogen relationship, resulting in decreased disease susceptibility, exists among Salish Sea Chinook salmon than among Yukon River conspecifics.
DESAIN PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA BERBASIS PEMAHAMAN NILAI SIKAP GOTONG ROYONG
Authors: Alpansyah Alpansyah , Hasim Abdul Talib
Published: January 2021

The aims of this study were: (1) to identify an increase in students' understanding of the value of mutual cooperation through the use of reader response rules in Indonesian Language Learning (KRPDPBI); (2) identifying the use of the reader response principle in Indonesian Language learning (KRPDPBI) there are differences between male and female students. The design of this study used a quasi-experimental study with two different methods. The results showed that (1) the achievement of the score of understanding the value of mutual cooperation for students taught by KRPDPBI was better than for students taught by regular learning according to the curriculum; (2) the achievement of the understanding of the value of male students' mutual cooperation is no better than that of female students.
PERBANDINGAN PEMBELAJARAN METODE DRILL DAN KOMANDO DALAM SERVICE PENDEK BULU TANGKIS SISWA DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Endrawan I Bagus , Satria M. Haris
Published: January 2021

This study was an experimental study that aims to determine the application method and the method of command drill results in short service badminton game. The subjects were fifth grade students of State Elementary School. Data collection techniques using the "Skills Test Badminton derived from the writings of Frank. M. Verducci. "Data analysis techniques using T-Test, after going through the prerequisite test that is test of normality and homogeneity test. The results showed a very significant improvement. Methods drill an increase of 72.78%, an average increase of 7.28%. Methods of command increased by 48.75%, with an average increase of 4.88%. Based on these descriptions can be concluded that an increase in drill method is greater than the methods of command. Differences increase was 24.03% with an average of 2.40%
High Epoxidation Yields of Vegetable Oil Hydrolyzates and Methyl Esters by Selected Fungal Peroxygenases
Authors: González-Benjumea Alejandro , Marques Gisela , Herold-Majumdar Owik M. , Kiebist Jan , Scheibner Katrin , del Río José C. , Martínez Angel T. , Gutiérrez Ana
Published: January 2021

Epoxides of vegetable oils and free and methylated fatty acids are of interest for several industrial applications. In the present work, refined rapeseed, sunflower, soybean, and linseed oils, with very different profiles of mono- and poly-unsaturated fatty acids, were saponified and transesterified, and the products treated with wild unspecific peroxygenases (UPOs, EC 1.11.2.1) from the ascomyceteChaetomium globosum(CglUPO) and the basidiomyceteMarasmius rotula(MroUPO), as well as with recombinant UPO of the ascomyceteHumicola insolens(rHinUPO), as an alternative to chemical epoxidation that is non-selective and requires strongly acidic conditions. The three enzymes were able of converting the free fatty acids and the methyl esters from the oils into epoxide derivatives, although significant differences in the oxygenation selectivities were observed between them. WhileCglUPO selectively produced “pure” epoxides (monoepoxides and/or diepoxides),MroUPO formed also hydroxylated derivatives of these epoxides, especially in the case of the oil hydrolyzates. Hydroxylated derivatives of non-epoxidized unsaturated fatty acids were practically absent in all cases, due to the preference of the three UPOs selected for this study to form the epoxides. Moreover, rHinUPO, in addition to forming monoepoxides and diepoxides of oleic and linoleic acid (and their methyl esters), respectively, like the other two UPOs, was capable of yielding the triepoxides of α-linolenic acid and its methyl ester. These enzymes appear as promising biocatalysts for the environmentally friendly production of reactive fatty-acid epoxides given their self-sufficient monooxygenase activity with selectivity toward epoxidation, and the ability to epoxidize, not only isolated pure fatty acids, but also complex mixtures from oil hydrolysis or transesterification containing different combinations of unsaturated (and saturated) fatty acids.
Targeting Mitochondrial Impairment in Parkinson's Disease: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Prasuhn Jannik , Davis Ryan L. , Kumar Kishore R.
Published: January 2021

The underlying pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease is complex, but mitochondrial dysfunction has an established and prominent role. This is supported by an already large and rapidly growing body of evidence showing that the role of mitochondrial (dys)function is central and multifaceted. However, there are clear gaps in knowledge, including the dilemma of explaining why inherited mitochondriopathies do not usually present with parkinsonian symptoms. Many aspects of mitochondrial function are potential therapeutic targets, including reactive oxygen species production, mitophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial dynamics and trafficking, mitochondrial metal ion homeostasis, sirtuins, and endoplasmic reticulum links with mitochondria. Potential therapeutic strategies may also incorporate exercise, microRNAs, mitochondrial transplantation, stem cell therapies, and photobiomodulation. Despite multiple studies adopting numerous treatment strategies, clinical trials to date have generally failed to show benefit. To overcome this hurdle, more accurate biomarkers of mitochondrial dysfunction are required to detect subtle beneficial effects. Furthermore, selecting study participants early in the disease course, studying them for suitable durations, and stratifying them according to genetic and neuroimaging findings may increase the likelihood of successful clinical trials. Moreover, treatments involving combined approaches will likely better address the complexity of mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. Therefore, selecting the right patients, at the right time, and using targeted combination treatments, may offer the best chance for development of an effective novel therapy targeting mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.
Comparison of Blood Bacterial Communities in Periodontal Health and Periodontal Disease
Authors: Emery David C. , Cerajewska Tanya L. , Seong Joon , Davies Maria , Paterson Alex , Allen-Birt Shelley J. , West Nicola X.
Published: January 2021

The use of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) techniques has generated a wide variety of blood microbiome data. Due to the large variation in bacterial DNA profiles between studies and the likely high concentrations of cell-free bacterial DNA in the blood, it is still not clear how such microbiome data relates to viable microbiota. For these reasons much remains to be understood about the true nature of any possible healthy blood microbiota and of bacteraemic events associated with disease. The gut, reproductive tracts, skin, and oral cavity are all likely sources of blood-borne bacteria. Oral bacteria, especially those associated with periodontal diseases, are also commonly associated with cardiovascular diseases such as infective endocarditis, and also have been linked to rheumatoid arthritis and Alzheimer’s disease. Periodontal treatment, dental probing, and toothbrushing have been shown to cause transient bacteraemia and oral bacteria from the phyla Firmicutes (e.g. Streptococci) and Bacteroidetes (e.g. Porphyromonas) are found in cardiovascular lesions (CVD). Many studies of blood bacterial DNA content however, find Proteobacteria DNA to be the dominant microbiome component, suggesting a gut origin. Most studies of this type use total DNA extracted from either whole blood or blood fractions, such as buffy coat. Here, using a method that purifies DNA from intact bacterial cells only, we examined blood donated by those with active, severe periodontitis and periodontally healthy controls and show that 43–52% of bacterial species in blood are classified as oral. Firmicutes, consisting largely of members of the Streptococcus mitis group and Staphylococcus epidermidis, were predominant at 63.5% of all bacterial sequences detected in periodontal health and, little changed at 66.7% in periodontitis. Compared to studies using total DNA Proteobacteria were found here at relatively low levels in blood at 13.3% in periodontitis and 17.6% in health. This study reveals significant phylogenetic differences in blood bacterial population profiles when comparing periodontal health to periodontal disease cohorts.
Regulation of Decay Accelerating Factor Primes Human Germinal Center B Cells for Phagocytosis
Authors: Dernstedt Andy , Leidig Jana , Holm Anna , Kerkman Priscilla F. , Mjösberg Jenny , Ahlm Clas , Henriksson Johan , Hultdin Magnus , Forsell Mattias N. E.
Published: January 2021

Germinal centers (GC) are sites for extensive B cell proliferation and homeostasis is maintained by programmed cell death. The complement regulatory protein Decay Accelerating Factor (DAF) blocks complement deposition on host cells and therefore also phagocytosis of cells. Here, we show that B cells downregulate DAF upon BCR engagement and that T cell-dependent stimuli preferentially led to activation of DAFloB cells. Consistent with this, a majority of light and dark zone GC B cells were DAFloand susceptible to complement-dependent phagocytosis, as compared with DAFhiGC B cells. We could also show that the DAFhiGC B cell subset had increased expression of the plasma cell marker Blimp-1. DAF expression was also modulated during B cell hematopoiesis in the human bone marrow. Collectively, our results reveal a novel role of DAF to pre-prime activated human B cells for phagocytosis prior to apoptosis.
MicroRNA-106a Inhibits Autophagy Process and Antimicrobial Responses by Targeting ULK1, ATG7, and ATG16L1 During Mycobacterial Infection
Authors: Liu Kunmei , Hong Dantong , Zhang Fan , Li Xin , He Meng , Han Xuebo , Zhang Guolin , Xu Guangxian , Stonehouse Nicola J. , Jiang Zhongjia , An Weijun , Guo Le
Published: January 2021

Autophagy is a key element of innate immune response against invading pathogens including Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis). The emerging roles of microRNAs in regulating host antimicrobial responses against M. tuberculosis have gained widespread attention. However, the process by which miRNAs specifically influence antibacterial autophagy during mycobacterial infection is largely uncharacterized. In this study, we demonstrate a novel role of miR-106a in regulating macrophage autophagy against M. tuberculosis. H37Ra infection leads to downregulation of miR-106a in a time- and dose-dependent manner and concomitant upregulation of its three targets (ULK1, ATG7, and ATG16L1) in THP-1 macrophages. MiR-106a could inhibit autophagy activation and antimicrobial responses to M. tuberculosis by targeting ULK1, ATG7, and ATG16L1. Overexpression of miR-106a dramatically inhibited H37Ra-induced activation of autophagy in human THP-1 macrophages, whereas inhibitors of miR-106a remarkably promoted H37Ra-induced autophagy. The inhibitory effect of miR-106a on autophagy process during mycobacterial infection was also confirmed by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) observation. More importantly, forced expression of miR-106a increased mycobacterial survival, while transfection with miR-106a inhibitors attenuated the survival of intracellular mycobacteria. Taken together, these data demonstrated that miR-106a functioned as a negative regulator in autophagy and antimicrobial effects by targeting ULK1, ATG7, and ATG16L1 during M. tuberculosis infection, which may provide a potential target for developing diagnostic reagents or antibacterials against tuberculosis.
Effect of Different Derivatization Protocols on the Calculation of Trophic Position Using Amino Acids Compound-Specific Stable Isotopes
Authors: Martinez Stephane , Lalzar Maya , Shemesh Eli , Einbinder Shai , Goodman Tchernov Beverly , Tchernov Dan
Published: January 2021

Amino acids compound-specific nitrogen stable isotope analysis (AA-CSIA) is an emerging tool in ecology for understanding trophic system dynamics. While it has been successfully used for several independent studies across a range of environments and study locations, researchers have encountered calculation issues for determining trophic position values. Most studies introduce modifications to the constants of trophic position equation calculations, but then fail to account for the equation variations when comparing across separate research studies. The broad acceptance of this approach is anchored in an underlying presumption that no addition of the exogenous nitrogen atom occurs in the different methods; and therefore, such variations should not affect the outcome. In this paper, we evaluate the use of the EZfaast amino acid derivatization kit (chloroformate) and compare it to the isotopic results of two other derivatization methods. We highlight new considerations for working with AA-CSIA that might account for some of the variations in the results and lead researchers to modify constants in the equation. This study concludes that developing unique constants per derivatization method is required to have more accurate cross-study comparisons of trophic positions.
Simultaneous Discovery of Positive and Negative Interactions Among Rhizosphere Bacteria Using Microwell Recovery Arrays
Authors: Barua Niloy , Herken Ashlee M. , Stern Kyle R. , Reese Sean , Powers Roger L. , Morrell-Falvey Jennifer L. , Platt Thomas G. , Hansen Ryan R.
Published: January 2021

Understanding microbe-microbe interactions is critical to predict microbiome function and to construct communities for desired outcomes. Investigation of these interactions poses a significant challenge due to the lack of suitable experimental tools available. Here we present the microwell recovery array (MRA), a new technology platform that screens interactions across a microbiome to uncover higher-order strain combinations that inhibit or promote the function of a focal species. One experimental trial generates 104 microbial communities that contain the focal species and a distinct random sample of uncharacterized cells from plant rhizosphere. Cells are sequentially recovered from individual wells that display highest or lowest levels of focal species growth using a high-resolution photopolymer extraction system. Interacting species are then identified and putative interactions are validated. Using this approach, we screen the poplar rhizosphere for strains affecting the growth of Pantoea sp. YR343, a plant growth promoting bacteria isolated from Populus deltoides rhizosphere. In one screen, we montiored 3,600 microwells within the array to uncover multiple antagonistic Stenotrophomonas strains and a set of Enterobacter strains that promoted YR343 growth. The later demonstrates the unique ability of the platform to discover multi-membered consortia that generate emergent outcomes, thereby expanding the range of phenotypes that can be characterized from microbiomes. This knowledge will aid in the development of consortia for Populus production, while the platform offers a new approach for screening and discovery of microbial interactions, applicable to any microbiome.
CaNRT2.1 Is Required for Nitrate but Not Nitrite Uptake in Chili Pepper Pathogen Colletotrichum acutatum
Authors: Kuo Chia-Chi , Lin Yung-Chu , Chen Li-Hung , Lin Meng-Yi , Shih Ming-Che , Lee Miin-Huey
Published: January 2021

Chili peppers are an important food additive used in spicy cuisines worldwide. However, the yield and quality of chilis are threatened by anthracnose disease caused byColletotrichum acutatum.Despite the impact ofC. acutatumon chili production, the genes involved in fungal development and pathogenicity in this species have not been well characterized. In this study, through T-DNA insertional mutagenesis, we identified a mutant strain termed B7, which is defective for the growth ofC. acutatumon a minimal nutrient medium. Our bioinformatics analysis revealed that a large fragment DNA (19.8 kb) is deleted from the B7 genome, thus resulting in the deletion of three genes, includingCaGpiP1encoding a glycosylphosphatidyl-inisotol (GPI)-anchored protein,CaNRT2.1encoding a membrane-bound nitrate/nitrite transporter, andCaRQH1encoding a RecQ helicase protein. In addition, T-DNA is inserted upstream of theCaHP1gene encoding a hypothetical protein. Functional characterization ofCaGpiP1,CaNRT2.1, andCaHP1by targeted gene disruption and bioassays indicated thatCaNRT2.1is responsible for the growth-defective phenotype of B7. Both B7 andCaNRT2.1mutant strains cannot utilize nitrate as nitrogen sources, thus restraining the fungal growth on a minimal nutrient medium. In addition toCaNRT2.1, our results showed that CaGpiP1 is a cell wall-associated GPI-anchored protein. However, after investigating the functions ofCaGpiP1andCaHP1in fungal pathogenicity, growth, development and stress tolerance, we were unable to uncover the roles of these two genes inC. acutatum.Collectively, in this study, our results identify the growth-defective strain B7 via T-DNA insertion and reveal the critical role of CaNRT2.1 in nitrate transportation for the fungal growth ofC. acutatum.
Altered Weibull Degree Distribution in Resting-State Functional Brain Networks Is Associated With Cognitive Decline in Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Zhang Yifei , Chen Xiaodan , Liang Xinyuan , Wang Zhijiang , Xie Teng , Wang Xiao , Shi Yuhu , Zeng Weiming , Wang Huali
Published: January 2021

The topological organization of human brain networks can be mathematically characterized by the connectivity degree distribution of network nodes. However, there is no clear consensus on whether the topological structure of brain networks follows a power law or other probability distributions, and whether it is altered in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here we employed resting-state functional MRI and graph theory approaches to investigate the fitting of degree distributions of the whole-brain functional networks and seven subnetworks in healthy subjects and individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), i.e., the prodromal stage of AD, and whether they are altered and correlated with cognitive performance in patients. Forty-one elderly cognitively healthy controls and 30 aMCI subjects were included. We constructed functional connectivity matrices among brain voxels and examined nodal degree distributions that were fitted by maximum likelihood estimation. In the whole-brain networks and all functional subnetworks, the connectivity degree distributions were fitted better by the Weibull distribution [f(x)~x(β−1)e(−λxβ)] than power law or power law with exponential cutoff. Compared with the healthy control group, the aMCI group showed lower Weibull β parameters (shape factor) in both the whole-brain networks and all seven subnetworks (false-discovery rate-corrected, p < 0.05). These decreases of the Weibull β parameters in the whole-brain networks and all subnetworks except for ventral attention were associated with reduced cognitive performance in individuals with aMCI. Thus, we provided a short-tailed model to capture intrinsic connectivity structure of the human brain functional networks in health and disease.
Enrichment and Correlation Analysis of Serum miRNAs in Comorbidity Between Arnold-Chiari and Tourette Syndrome Contribute to Clarify Their Molecular Bases
Authors: Mirabella Federica , Gulisano Mariangela , Capelli Mara , Lauretta Giovanni , Cirnigliaro Matilde , Palmucci Stefano , Stella Michele , Barbagallo Davide , Di Pietro Cinzia , Purrello Michele , Ragusa Marco , Rizzo Renata
Published: January 2021

Due to its rarity, coupled to a multifactorial and very heterogeneous nature, the molecular etiology of Arnold-Chiari (AC) syndrome remains almost totally unknown. Its relationship with other neuropsychiatric disorders such as Tourette syndrome (TS) is also undetermined. The rare comorbid status between both disorders (ACTS) complicates the framework of diagnosis and negatively affects the patients' quality of life. In this exploratory study, we aimed to identify serum microRNA expression profiles as molecular fingerprints for AC, TS, and ACTS, by using a high-throughput approach. For this aim, 10 AC patients, 11 ACTS patients, 6 TS patients, and 8 unaffected controls (NC) were recruited. Nine miRNAs resulted significantly differentially expressed (DE): let-7b-5p (upregulated in ACTS vs. TS); miR-21-5p (upregulated in ACTS vs. AC; downregulated in AC vs. TS); miR-23a-3p (upregulated in TS vs. NCs; downregulated in AC vs. TS); miR-25-3p (upregulated in AC vs. TS and NCs; downregulated in ACTS vs. AC); miR-93-5p (upregulated in AC vs. TS); miR-130a-3p (downregulated in ACTS and TS vs. NCs); miR-144-3p (downregulated in ACTS vs. AC; upregulated in AC vs. TS); miR-222-3p (upregulated in ACTS vs. NCs); miR-451a (upregulated in AC vs. TS and NCs; in ACTS vs. NCs). Altered expression of miRNAs was statistically correlated to neuroimaging and neuropsychological anomalies. Furthermore, computational analyses indicated that DE miRNAs are involved in AC and TS pathomechanisms. Finally, we propose the dysregulation of the miRNA set as a potential molecular tool for supporting the current diagnosis of AC, TS, and ACTS by using liquid biopsies, in an unbiased and non-invasive way.
Calcium Sensors STIM1 and STIM2 Regulate Different Calcium Functions in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons
Authors: Kushnireva Liliya , Korkotian Eduard , Segal Menahem
Published: January 2021

There are growing indications for the involvement of calcium stores in the plastic properties of neurons and particularly in dendritic spines of central neurons. The store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) channels are assumed to be activated by the calcium sensor stromal interaction molecule (STIM)which leads to activation of its associated Orai channel. There are two STIM species, and the differential role of the two in SOCE is not entirely clear. In the present study, we were able to distinguish between transfected STIM1, which is more mobile primarily in young neurons, and STIM2 which is less mobile and more prominent in older neurons in culture. STIM1 mobility is associated with spontaneous calcium sparks, local transient rise in cytosolic [Ca2+]i, and in the formation and elongation of dendritic filopodia/spines. In contrast, STIM2 is associated with older neurons, where it is mobile and moves into dendritic spines primarily when cytosolic [Ca2+]i levels are reduced, apparently to activate resident Orai channels. These results highlight a role for STIM1 in the regulation of [Ca2+]i fluctuations associated with the formation of dendritic spines or filopodia in the developing neuron, whereas STIM2 is associated with the maintenance of calcium entry into stores in the adult neuron.
Improvements in Bladder Function Following Activity-Based Recovery Training With Epidural Stimulation After Chronic Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Herrity April N. , Aslan Sevda C. , Ugiliweneza Beatrice , Mohamed Ahmad Z. , Hubscher Charles H. , Harkema Susan J.
Published: January 2021

Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in profound neurologic impairment with widespread deficits in sensorimotor and autonomic systems. Voluntary and autonomic control of bladder function is disrupted resulting in possible detrusor overactivity, low compliance, and uncoordinated bladder and external urethral sphincter contractions impairing storage and/or voiding. Conservative treatments managing neurogenic bladder post-injury, such as oral pharmacotherapy and catheterization, are important components of urological surveillance and clinical care. However, as urinary complications continue to impact long-term morbidity in this population, additional therapeutic and rehabilitative approaches are needed that aim to improve function by targeting the recovery of underlying impairments. Several human and animal studies, including our previously published reports, have documented gains in bladder function due to activity-based recovery strategies, such as locomotor training. Furthermore, epidural stimulation of the spinal cord (scES) combined with intense activity-based recovery training has been shown to produce volitional lower extremity movement, standing, as well as improve the regulation of cardiovascular function. In our center, several participants anecdotally reported improvements in bladder function as a result of training with epidural stimulation configured for motor systems. Thus, in this study, the effects of activity-based recovery training in combination with scES were tested on bladder function, resulting in improvements in overall bladder storage parameters relative to a control cohort (no intervention). However, elevated blood pressure elicited during bladder distention, characteristic of autonomic dysreflexia, was not attenuated with training. We then examined, in a separate, large cross-sectional cohort, the interaction between detrusor pressure and blood pressure at maximum capacity, and found that the functional relationship between urinary bladder distention and blood pressure regulation is disrupted. Regardless of one’s bladder emptying method (indwelling suprapubic catheter vs. intermittent catheterization), autonomic instability can play a critical role in the ability to improve bladder storage, with SCI enhancing the vesico-vascular reflex. These results support the role of intersystem stimulation, integrating scES for both bladder and cardiovascular function to further improve bladder storage.
Homozygosity Mapping Reveals Population History and Trait Architecture in Self-Incompatible Pear (Pyrus spp.)
Authors: Kumar Satish , Deng Cecilia Hong , Hunt Martin , Kirk Chris , Wiedow Claudia , Rowan Daryl , Wu Jun , Brewer Lester
Published: January 2021

Runs of homozygosity (ROH) have been widely used to study population history and trait architecture in humans and livestock species, but their application in self-incompatible plants has not been reported. The distributions of ROH in 199 accessions representing Asian pears (45), European pears (109), and interspecific hybrids (45) were investigated using genotyping-by-sequencing in this study. Fruit phenotypes including fruit weight, firmness, Brix, titratable acidity, and flavor volatiles were measured for genotype-phenotype analyses. The average number of ROH and the average total genomic length of ROH were 6 and 11 Mb, respectively, in Asian accessions, and 13 and 30 Mb, respectively, in European accessions. Significant associations between genomic inbreeding coefficients (FROH) and phenotypes were observed for 23 out of 32 traits analyzed. An overlap between ROH islands and significant markers from genome-wide association analyses was observed. Previously published quantitative trait loci for fruit traits and disease resistances also overlapped with some of the ROH islands. A prominent ROH island at the bottom of linkage group 17 overlapped with a recombination-supressed genomic region harboring the self-incompatibility locus. The observed ROH patterns suggested that systematic breeding of European pears would have started earlier than of Asian pears. Our research suggest that FROH would serve as a novel tool for managing inbreeding in gene-banks of self-incompatible plant species. ROH mapping provides a complementary strategy to unravel the genetic architecture of complex traits, and to evaluate differential selection in outbred plants. This seminal work would provide foundation for the ROH research in self-incompatible plants.