bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Blue‐Green Infrastructure and Urban Area Densification on the Performance of Real‐Time Control of Sewer Networks
Authors: van der Werf J. A. , Kapelan Z. , Langeveld J. G.
Published: June 2023

Urban areas are constantly developing and thereby affect the local water cycle. Real‐time control (RTC) strategies are used to operate urban drainage systems optimally during these transitions. This paper aims to develop a methodology to study the impacts of common gradual changes occurring in the urban environment (densification of the urban area and implementation of blue‐green infrastructure), forming cumulative transitions, on the functioning of real‐time optimization procedures. A new generic methodology, relying on a comprehensive evaluation strategy based on three indicators assessing the continued optimal performance of RTC was proposed. This methodology was applied to two urban drainage catchments in Eindhoven and Rotterdam using both probabilistic and projected transitional paths. Based on the results obtained it can be noted that the performances of the RTC procedures were not strongly affected by the modeled transitions although the relative performance compared to the maximum performance potential decreases significantly with the large‐scale implementation of blue‐green infrastructure, indicating that the revision of RTC procedures could improve the sewer system functioning further. The relative performance loss associated with the modeled transitions was higher for model predictive control compared to heuristic RTC procedures for one case study and vice versa for the other. Continuous re‐evaluation of the RTC strategy is, therefore, an important but overlooked part of the implementation of RTC procedures.
Impact of Long‐Distance Interaction Indicator (Monsoon Indices) on Spatio‐Temporal Variability of Precipitation Over the Mahanadi River Basin
Authors: Sahu Ramgopal Tilakram , Verma Mani Kant , Ahmad Ishtiyaq
Published: June 2023

The variability of the Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall (ISMR), lasting from June to September, has a major impact on the Indian economy and ecosystem. An attempt to assess the temporal fluctuation of ISMR with the long‐distance interaction indicators has been presented here. This also corroborates the argued statement of a weakening relationship between ISMR and Indian Summer Monsoon Index (ISMI) due to significant temporal fluctuation. Monsoon indices: the ISMI, East Asian Summer Monsoon Index (EASMI), South Asian Summer Monsoon Index (SASMI), and Western‐North Pacific Monsoon Index (WNPMI) have been studied to create a correlation, coherency, and teleconnection with the ISMR over the Mahanadi River basin (MRB) during 1948–2017. High‐resolution gridded precipitation data were employed to assess the statistical properties of the monsoon and to address the correlation, coherency, and teleconnection with the ISMR. Spearman's rank‐based correlation test, a non‐parametric Mann‐Kendall trend test, and Sen's slope have been used to assess the statistical properties of observed precipitation and the monsoon indices. Furthermore, wavelet transform coherence is used to detect transient correlations between ISMR and monsoon indices that have previously been uncorrelated. SASMI (ρ = 0.440) dominates ISMI (ρ = 0.422) as the most significant and influential long‐distance indicator with ISMR. The findings were reconfirmed on a sub‐basin scale, with the middle Mahanadi River Basin (MMRB) being the most significant and influential, whereas the upper Mahanadi River Basin and lower Mahanadi River Basin were the second and third most influential, respectively.
Impedance Factor of Hydraulic Conductivity for Frozen Soil Based on Ice Segregation Theory and Its Application
Authors: Cheng Sen‐Hao , Engel Bernard A. , Liu Rong , Wu Hao‐Xing , Wang Yu‐Bao
Published: June 2023

The necessity and rationality of using an impedance factor in the calculation of hydraulic conductivity of frozen soil has been an ongoing debate. To address this issue, ice segregation theory was used to analyze the physical meaning of the impedance factor. Based on assumptions sourced from segregation theory, experimental evidence regarding the hydraulic conductivity of frozen soil and the Gibbs‐Thompson effect, a relationship between the impedance factor and soil parameters was deduced. The necessity of the impedance factor was discussed under closed unsaturated and open saturated freezing systems. Finally, the derived impedance factor was compared with the current empirical impedance factor. The results showed the following: (a) The impact of the impedance factor on closed unsaturated freezing systems was small. However, an impedance factor was necessary for water migration in freezing systems with a high degree of ice segregation, such as open saturated freezing systems. (b) The derived impedance factor combined with the VG model had good performance for simulating water migration under different freezing conditions. (c) Compared with the empirical impedance factors, the derived impedance factors considered the effect of segregation acceleration caused by the pore expansion, improving the simulation accuracy of water migration at the freezing front. The parameters used to derive the impedance factor were only the initial porosity and the accumulative curve of the particle size grading, which was easily applied and combined with a VG model as a general method for computing the hydraulic conductivity of frozen soil.
Seismic Structure of the Lithosphere‐Asthenosphere System Beneath the Oldest Seafloor Revealed by Rayleigh‐Wave Dispersion Analysis
Authors: Kawano Yuki , Isse Takehi , Takeo Akiko , Kawakatsu Hitoshi , Morishige Manabu , Shiobara Hajime , Takeuchi Nozomu , Sugioka Hiroko , Kim YoungHee , Utada Hisashi , Lee Sang‐Mook
Published: June 2023

We analyze seismic records collected at the oldest (170–180 Ma) Pacific seafloor using broadband dispersion array analysis. Using ambient noise and teleseismic waveforms, we measure Rayleigh‐wave phase velocities in a period range of 5–200 s that are inverted for array‐average one‐dimensional isotropic and azimuthally anisotropic shear‐wave velocity depth profiles from the crust to a depth of 300 km. The high‐velocity Lid and the low‐velocity zone are well‐resolved with velocity difference of ∼4%, whose transition occurs at depths between 80 and 100 km. The profile is compared with that obtained at the 130‐ and 140‐Ma seafloor. Accounting for the cooling effect due to the plate age difference, the low‐velocity zone of the oldest Pacific seafloor is ∼1.3% slower (∼110°C warmer) than that beneath the 140‐Ma seafloor, suggesting the occurrence of some reheating process beneath the oldest lithosphere. The azimuthal anisotropy at shallow depths (<50 km) is significantly different between the western and eastern areas of the array where the peak‐to‐peak amplitudes are estimated to be ∼2.8% and ∼1.6%, respectively. The fast direction is nearly parallel to the past seafloor spreading direction (perpendicular to the magnetic lineation) in the west, while it largely deviates in the east. The observed difference in azimuthal anisotropy may represent complicated evolution dynamics of the infant Pacific plate that involved a ridge‐ridge‐ridge triple junction.
Molecular Distributions and 13C Isotopic Composition of Dicarboxylic Acids, Oxocarboxylic Acids, and α‐dicarbonyls in Wintertime PM2.5 at Three Sites Over Northeast Asia: Implications for Origins and Long‐Range Atmospheric Transport
Authors: Zhao Xiaomai , Pavuluri Chandra Mouli , Dong Zhichao , Xu Zhanjie , Nirmalkar Jayant , Jung Jinsang , Fu Pingqing , Liu Cong‐Qiang
Published: June 2023

To investigate the spatial changes in origins and impact of long‐range transported air masses on organic aerosols (OA) loading and composition over Northeast Asia, fine aerosols (PM2.5) were collected at three sites: Tianjin (TJ), North China and in Padori (PD), and Daejeon (DJ), South Korea, during winter 2019. We studied molecular distributions and compound‐specific stable carbon isotopic composition (δ13C) of dicarboxylic acids, oxocarboxylic acids and α‐dicarbonyls, and carbonaceous and inorganic ionic components in PM2.5. Concentrations of organic carbon was drastically enhanced in haze period compared to that in clean period, but elemental carbon was almost comparable between the two periods. Concentrations of total diacids, oxoacids, and α‐dicarbonyls were higher at TJ followed by DJ and PD during haze period and at DJ followed by TJ and PD during clean period. On average, oxalic acid (C2) was the most abundant among measured species at all three sites, followed by methyl glyoxal (MeGly) and glyoxylic acid (ωC2) at TJ and DJ, and succinic acid (C4) and ωC2 were almost equal and second most abundant followed by MeGly at PD. Based on the mass ratios and linear relations of selected species together with δ13C of diacids and related compounds, we found that contributions of OA from biomass burning/biogenic emissions and their aging were higher at TJ and PD, whereas at DJ, emissions from anthropogenic sources and in situ secondary formation were also important. Furthermore, this study implies that long‐range atmospheric transport of aerosols from source regions to downwind regions are substantial over Northeast Asia.
Genetic diversity and signatures of selection in four indigenous horse breeds of Iran
Authors: Mousavi Seyedeh Fatemeh , Razmkabir Mohammad , Rostamzadeh Jalal , Seyedabadi Hamid-Reza , Naboulsi Rakan , Petersen Jessica L. , Lindgren Gabriella
Published: June 2023

Indigenous Iranian horse breeds were evolutionarily affected by natural and artificial selection in distinct phylogeographic clades, which shaped their genomes in several unique ways. The aims of this study were to evaluate the genetic diversity and genomewide selection signatures in four indigenous Iranian horse breeds. We evaluated 169 horses from Caspian (n = 21), Turkmen (n = 29), Kurdish (n = 67), and Persian Arabian (n = 52) populations, using genomewide genotyping data. The contemporary effective population sizes were 59, 98, 102, and 113 for Turkmen, Caspian, Persian Arabian, and Kurdish breeds, respectively. By analysis of the population genetic structure, we classified the north breeds (Caspian and Turkmen) and west/southwest breeds (Persian Arabian and Kurdish) into two phylogeographic clades reflecting their geographic origin. Using the de-correlated composite of multiple selection signal statistics based on pairwise comparisons, we detected a different number of significant SNPs under putative selection from 13 to 28 for the six pairwise comparisons (FDR < 0.05). The identified SNPs under putative selection coincided with genes previously associated with known QTLs for morphological, adaptation, and fitness traits. Our results showedHMGA2andLLPHas strong candidate genes for height variation between Caspian horses with a small size and the other studied breeds with a medium size. Using the results of studies on human height retrieved from the GWAS catalog, we suggested 38 new putative candidate genes under selection. These results provide a genomewide map of selection signatures in the studied breeds, which represent valuable information for formulating genetic conservation and improved breeding strategies for the breeds.
Differential expression of the angiotensin receptors (AT1, AT2, and AT4) in the placental bed of HIV-infected preeclamptic women of African ancestry
Authors: Singh Shoohana , Moodley Jagidesa , Naicker Thajasvarie
Published: June 2023

The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) is implicated in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia (PE). There is a paucity of data on uteroplacental angiotensin receptors AT1-2 and 4. We evaluated the immunoexpression of AT1R, AT2R, and AT4R within the placental bed of PE vs. normotensive (N) pregnancies stratified by HIV status. Placental bed (PB) biopsies (n = 180) were obtained from N and PE women. Both groups were stratified by HIV status and gestational age into early-and late onset-PE. Immuno-labeling of AT1R, AT2R, and AT4R was quantified using morphometric image analysis. Immunostaining of PB endothelial cells (EC) and smooth muscle cells of spiral arteries (VSMC) displayed an upregulation of AT1R expression compared to the N group (p < 0.0001). Downregulation of AT2R and AT4R expression was observed in PE vs. N group (p = 0.0042 and p < 0.0001), respectively. AT2R immunoexpression declined between HIV+ve and HIV−ve groups, while AT1R and AT4R displayed an increase. An increase in AT1R expression was noted in the EOPE−ve/+ve and LOPE−ve/+ve compared to N−ve/N+ve. In contrast, AT2R and AT4R expression decreased in EOPE−ve/+ve and LOPE-ve/+ve compared to N−ve/N+ve. We demonstrate a significant downregulation of AT2R and AT4R with a concomitant elevated AT1R immunoexpression within PB of HIV-infected PE women. In addition, a decline in AT2R and AT4R with an increase in AT1R immunoexpression in PE, EOPE, and LOPE vs. normotensive pregnancies, irrespective of HIV status. Thus highlighting differential immunoexpression of uteroplacental RAAS receptors based on pregnancy type, HIV status, and gestational age.
Influence of El Niño on the variability of global shoreline position
Authors: Almar Rafael , Boucharel Julien , Graffin Marcan , Abessolo Gregoire Ondoa , Thoumyre Gregoire , Papa Fabrice , Ranasinghe Roshanka , Montano Jennifer , Bergsma Erwin W. J. , Baba Mohamed Wassim , Jin Fei-Fei
Published: June 2023

Coastal zones are fragile and complex dynamical systems that are increasingly under threat from the combined effects of anthropogenic pressure and climate change. Using global satellite derived shoreline positions from 1993 to 2019 and a variety of reanalysis products, here we show that shorelines are under the influence of three main drivers: sea-level, ocean waves and river discharge. While sea level directly affects coastal mobility, waves affect both erosion/accretion and total water levels, and rivers affect coastal sediment budgets and salinity-induced water levels. By deriving a conceptual global model that accounts for the influence of dominant modes of climate variability on these drivers, we show that interannual shoreline changes are largely driven by different ENSO regimes and their complex inter-basin teleconnections. Our results provide a new framework for understanding and predicting climate-induced coastal hazards.
Regioselective stilbene O-methylations in Saccharinae grasses
Authors: Lui Andy C. W. , Pow Kah Chee , Lin Nan , Lam Lydia Pui Ying , Liu Guoquan , Godwin Ian D. , Fan Zhuming , Khoo Chen Jing , Tobimatsu Yuki , Wang Lanxiang , Hao Quan , Lo Clive
Published: June 2023

O-Methylated stilbenes are prominent nutraceuticals but rarely produced by crops. Here, the inherent ability of two Saccharinae grasses to produce regioselectively O-methylated stilbenes is reported. A stilbene O-methyltransferase, SbSOMT, is first shown to be indispensable for pathogen-inducible pterostilbene (3,5-bis-O-methylated) biosynthesis in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). Phylogenetic analysis indicates the recruitment of genus-specific SOMTs from canonical caffeic acid O-methyltransferases (COMTs) after the divergence of Sorghum spp. from Saccharum spp. In recombinant enzyme assays, SbSOMT and COMTs regioselectively catalyze O-methylation of stilbene A-ring and B-ring respectively. Subsequently, SOMT-stilbene crystal structures are presented. Whilst SbSOMT shows global structural resemblance to SbCOMT, molecular characterizations illustrate two hydrophobic residues (Ile144/Phe337) crucial for substrate binding orientation leading to 3,5-bis-O-methylations in the A-ring. In contrast, the equivalent residues (Asn128/Asn323) in SbCOMT facilitate an opposite orientation that favors 3ʹ-O-methylation in the B-ring. Consistently, a highly-conserved COMT is likely involved in isorhapontigenin (3ʹ-O-methylated) formation in wounded wild sugarcane (Saccharum spontaneum). Altogether, our work reveals the potential of Saccharinae grasses as a source of O-methylated stilbenes, and rationalize the regioselectivity of SOMT activities for bioengineering of O-methylated stilbenes.
Single cell and spatial sequencing define processes by which keratinocytes and fibroblasts amplify inflammatory responses in psoriasis
Authors: Ma Feiyang , Plazyo Olesya , Billi Allison C. , Tsoi Lam C. , Xing Xianying , Wasikowski Rachael , Gharaee-Kermani Mehrnaz , Hile Grace , Jiang Yanyun , Harms Paul W. , Xing Enze , Kirma Joseph , Xi Jingyue , Hsu Jer-En , Sarkar Mrinal K. , Chung Yutein , Di Domizio Jeremy , Gilliet Michel , Ward Nicole L. , Maverakis Emanual , Klechevsky Eynav , Voorhees John J. , Elder James T. , Lee Jun Hee , Kahlenberg J. Michelle , Pellegrini Matteo , Modlin Robert L. , Gudjonsson Johann E.
Published: June 2023

The immunopathogenesis of psoriasis, a common chronic inflammatory disease of the skin, is incompletely understood. Here we demonstrate, using a combination of single cell and spatial RNA sequencing, IL-36 dependent amplification of IL-17A and TNF inflammatory responses in the absence of neutrophil proteases, which primarily occur within the supraspinous layer of the psoriatic epidermis. We further show that a subset of SFRP2+ fibroblasts in psoriasis contribute to amplification of the immune network through transition to a pro-inflammatory state. The SFRP2+ fibroblast communication network involves production of CCL13, CCL19 and CXCL12, connected by ligand-receptor interactions to other spatially proximate cell types: CCR2+ myeloid cells, CCR7+LAMP3+ dendritic cells, and CXCR4 expressed on both CD8+ Tc17 cells and keratinocytes, respectively. The SFRP2+ fibroblasts also express cathepsin S, further amplifying inflammatory responses by activating IL-36G in keratinocytes. These data provide an in-depth view of psoriasis pathogenesis, which expands our understanding of the critical cellular participants to include inflammatory fibroblasts and their cellular interactions.
Characterization of p38α autophosphorylation inhibitors that target the non-canonical activation pathway
Authors: González Lorena , Díaz Lucía , Pous Joan , Baginski Blazej , Duran-Corbera Anna , Scarpa Margherita , Brun-Heath Isabelle , Igea Ana , Martin-Malpartida Pau , Ruiz Lidia , Pallara Chiara , Esguerra Mauricio , Colizzi Francesco , Mayor-Ruiz Cristina , Biondi Ricardo M. , Soliva Robert , Macias Maria J. , Orozco Modesto , Nebreda Angel R.
Published: June 2023

p38α is a versatile protein kinase that can control numerous processes and plays important roles in the cellular responses to stress. Dysregulation of p38α signaling has been linked to several diseases including inflammation, immune disorders and cancer, suggesting that targeting p38α could be therapeutically beneficial. Over the last two decades, numerous p38α inhibitors have been developed, which showed promising effects in pre-clinical studies but results from clinical trials have been disappointing, fueling the interest in the generation of alternative mechanisms of p38α modulation. Here, we report the in silico identification of compounds that we refer to as non-canonical p38α inhibitors (NC-p38i). By combining biochemical and structural analyses, we show that NC-p38i efficiently inhibit p38α autophosphorylation but weakly affect the activity of the canonical pathway. Our results demonstrate how the structural plasticity of p38α can be leveraged to develop therapeutic opportunities targeting a subset of the functions regulated by this pathway.
Dynamic chromatin architecture of the porcine adipose tissues with weight gain and loss
Authors: Jin Long , Wang Danyang , Zhang Jiaman , Liu Pengliang , Wang Yujie , Lin Yu , Liu Can , Han Ziyin , Long Keren , Li Diyan , Jiang Yu , Li Guisen , Zhang Yu , Bai Jingyi , Li Xiaokai , Li Jing , Lu Lu , Kong Fanli , Wang Xun , Li Hua , Huang Zhiqing , Ma Jideng , Fan Xiaolan , Shen Linyuan , Zhu Li , Jiang Yanzhi , Tang Guoqing , Feng Bin , Zeng Bo , Ge Liangpeng , Li Xuewei , Tang Qianzi , Zhang Zhihua , Li Mingzhou
Published: June 2023

Using an adult female miniature pig model with diet-induced weight gain/weight loss, we investigated the regulatory mechanisms of three-dimensional (3D) genome architecture in adipose tissues (ATs) associated with obesity. We generated 249 high-resolution in situ Hi-C chromatin contact maps of subcutaneous AT and three visceral ATs, analyzing transcriptomic and chromatin architectural changes under different nutritional treatments. We find that chromatin architecture remodeling underpins transcriptomic divergence in ATs, potentially linked to metabolic risks in obesity development. Analysis of chromatin architecture among subcutaneous ATs of different mammals suggests the presence of transcriptional regulatory divergence that could explain phenotypic, physiological, and functional differences in ATs. Regulatory element conservation analysis in pigs and humans reveals similarities in the regulatory circuitry of genes responsible for the obesity phenotype and identified non-conserved elements in species-specific gene sets that underpin AT specialization. This work provides a data-rich tool for discovering obesity-related regulatory elements in humans and pigs.
High-throughput measurement of the content and properties of nano-sized bioparticles with single-particle profiler
Authors: Sych Taras , Schlegel Jan , Barriga Hanna M. G. , Ojansivu Miina , Hanke Leo , Weber Florian , Beklem Bostancioglu R. , Ezzat Kariem , Stangl Herbert , Plochberger Birgit , Laurencikiene Jurga , El Andaloussi Samir , Fürth Daniel , Stevens Molly M. , Sezgin Erdinc
Published: June 2023

We introduce a method, single-particle profiler, that provides single-particle information on the content and biophysical properties of thousands of particles in the size range 5–200 nm. We use our single-particle profiler to measure the messenger RNA encapsulation efficiency of lipid nanoparticles, the viral binding efficiencies of different nanobodies, and the biophysical heterogeneity of liposomes, lipoproteins, exosomes and viruses.
Mapping interindividual dynamics of innate immune response at single-cell resolution
Authors: Kumasaka Natsuhiko , Rostom Raghd , Huang Ni , Polanski Krzysztof , Meyer Kerstin B. , Patel Sharad , Boyd Rachel , Gomez Celine , Barnett Sam N. , Panousis Nikolaos I. , Schwartzentruber Jeremy , Ghoussaini Maya , Lyons Paul A. , Calero-Nieto Fernando J. , Göttgens Berthold , Barnes Josephine L. , Worlock Kaylee B. , Yoshida Masahiro , Nikolić Marko Z. , Stephenson Emily , Reynolds Gary , Haniffa Muzlifah , Marioni John C. , Stegle Oliver , Hagai Tzachi , Teichmann Sarah A.
Published: June 2023

Common genetic variants across individuals modulate the cellular response to pathogens and are implicated in diverse immune pathologies, yet how they dynamically alter the response upon infection is not well understood. Here, we triggered antiviral responses in human fibroblasts from 68 healthy donors, and profiled tens of thousands of cells using single-cell RNA-sequencing. We developed GASPACHO (GAuSsian Processes for Association mapping leveraging Cell HeterOgeneity), a statistical approach designed to identify nonlinear dynamic genetic effects across transcriptional trajectories of cells. This approach identified 1,275 expression quantitative trait loci (local false discovery rate 10%) that manifested during the responses, many of which were colocalized with susceptibility loci identified by genome-wide association studies of infectious and autoimmune diseases, including the OAS1 splicing quantitative trait locus in a COVID-19 susceptibility locus. In summary, our analytical approach provides a unique framework for delineation of the genetic variants that shape a wide spectrum of transcriptional responses at single-cell resolution.
COVID-19 vaccination exacerbates ex vivo IL-6 release from isolated PBMCs
Authors: Langgartner Dominik , Winkler Raphael , Brunner-Weisser Jonas , Rohleder Nicolas , Jarczok Marc N. , Gündel Harald , Weimer Katja , Reber Stefan O.
Published: June 2023

Ex vivo culturing of isolated PBMCs from individuals vaccinated with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine BNT162b1 revealed a pronounced T cell response in the presence of the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein. The latter was 10-fold more pronounced than the ex vivo response of PBMCs from the same individuals to other common pathogen T cell epitope pools, suggesting COVID-19 vaccination to induce RBD-specific T cell responses and not to facilitate T cell (re)activity in general. In the current study we investigated whether COVID-19 vaccination long-lastingly affects plasma interleukin (IL)-6 concentrations, complete blood counts, ex vivo IL-6 and IL-10 secretion of PBMCs cultured under basal conditions or in the presence of concanavalin (Con) A and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), salivary cortisol and α-amylase, mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) as well as mental and physical health status. The study was initially designed to investigate whether the presence vs. absence of own pets during urban upbringing has protective effects against psychosocial stress-induced immune activation during adulthood. However, as COVID-19 vaccines were approved while the study was ongoing and as, therefore, both vaccinated and non-vaccinated individuals have been recruited, we were able to stratify our data set with respect to the COVID-19 vaccination status and to assess the long-lasting effects of COVID-19 vaccination on physiological immunological, cardiovascular and psychosomatic health parameters. This data is presented in the current study. We show that isolated PBMCs from individuals vaccinated against COVID-19 show a ~ 600-fold increase in basal and a ~ 6000-fold increase in ConA-induced proinflammatory IL-6 secretion, and a ~ 2-fold increase in basal and ConA-induced antiinflammatory IL-10 secretion, both in comparison with non-vaccinated individuals. In contrast, LPS-induced ex vivo IL-6 and IL-10 secretions were not affected by vaccination status, as were plasma IL-6 concentrations, complete blood counts, salivary cortisol and α-amylase, cardiovascular measures and psychosomatic health. In summary, our findings are of relevance for many clinical studies ran before/during the pandemic, clearly indicating that consideration of participants’ vaccination status is critical, at least when assessing ex vivo PBMC functionality.
Symbolic innovation at the onset of the Upper Paleolithic in Eurasia shown by the personal ornaments from Tolbor-21 (Mongolia)
Authors: Rigaud Solange , Rybin Evgeny P. , Khatsenovich Arina M. , Queffelec Alain , Paine Clea H. , Gunchinsuren Byambaa , Talamo Sahra , Marchenko Daria V. , Bolorbat Tsedendorj , Odsuren Davaakhuu , Gillam J. Christopher , Izuho Masami , Fedorchenko Alexander Yu. , Odgerel Dashdorjgochoo , Shelepaev Roman , Hublin Jean-Jacques , Zwyns Nicolas
Published: June 2023

Figurative depictions in art first occur ca. 50,000 years ago in Europe, Africa, and Southeast Asia. Considered by most as an advanced form of symbolic behavior, they are restricted to our species. Here, we report a piece of ornament interpreted as a phallus-like representation. It was found in a 42,000 ca.-year-old Upper Paleolithic archaeological layer at the open-air archaeological site of Tolbor-21, in Mongolia. Mineralogical, microscopic, and rugosimetric analyses points toward the allochthonous origin of the pendant and a complex functional history. Three-dimensional phallic pendants are unknown in the Paleolithic record, and this discovery predates the earliest known sexed anthropomorphic representation. It attests that hunter-gatherer communities used sex anatomical attributes as symbols at a very early stage of their dispersal in the region. The pendant was produced during a period that overlaps with age estimates for early introgression events betweenHomo sapiensand Denisovans, and in a region where such encounters are plausible.
Transcriptome and metabonomics combined analysis revealed the energy supply mechanism involved in fruiting body initiation in Chinese cordyceps
Authors: He Li , Xie Fang , Zhou Gang , Chen Zhao He , Wang Jing Yi , Wang Cheng Gang
Published: June 2023

Chinese cordyceps was one of most valuable traditional Chinese medicine fungi. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms related to energy supply mechanism involved in the initiation and formation of primordium in Chinese cordyceps, we performed the integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses of it at pre-primordium period, primordium germination period and after-primordium period, respectively. Transcriptome analysis showed that many genes related to ‘starch and sucrose metabolism’, ‘fructose and mannose metabolism’, ‘linoleic acid metabolism’, ‘fatty acids degradation’ and ‘glycerophospholipid metabolism’ were highly up-regulated at primordium germination period. Metabolomic analysis showed many metabolites regulated by these genes in these metabolism pathways were also markedly accumulated at this period. Consequently, we inferred that carbohydrate metabolism and β-oxidation pathway of palmitic acid and linoleic acid worked cooperatively to generate enough acyl-CoA, and then entered TCA cycle to provide energy for fruiting body initiation. Overall, our finding provided important information for further exploring the energy metabolic mechanisms of realizing the industrialization of Chinese cordyceps artificial cultivation.
Effect of the association of coagulation/flocculation, hydrodynamic cavitation, ozonation and activated carbon in landfill leachate treatment system
Authors: de Melo Franco Domingos Janaina , de Alencar Neves Thiago , de Sousa Maia Djalma Lucas , Carvalho Siqueira Rebeca , Araújo Marques Marcus Vinícius , Alves Oswaldo Luiz , Guimarães José Roberto , Antunes Nolasco Marcelo , Rosa André Henrique
Published: June 2023

Mature landfill wastewater is a complex effluent due to its low biodegradability and high organic matter content. Currently, mature leachate is treated on-site or transported to wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Many WWTPs do not have the capacity to receive mature leachate due to its high organic load leading to an increase in the cost of transportation to treatment plants more adapted to this type of wastewater and the possibility of environmental impacts. Many techniques are used in the treatment of mature leachates, such as coagulation/flocculation, biological reactors, membranes, and advanced oxidative processes. However, the isolated application of these techniques does not achieve efficiency to meet environmental standards. In this regard, this work developed a compact system that combines coagulation and flocculation (1st Stage), hydrodynamic cavitation and ozonation (2nd Stage), and activated carbon polishing (3rd Stage) for the treatment of mature landfill leachate. The synergetic combination of physicochemical and advanced oxidative processes showed a chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency of over 90% in less than three hours of treatment using the bioflocculant PGα21Ca. Also, the almost absolute removal of apparent color and turbidity was achieved. The remaining CODs of the treated mature leachate were lower when compared to typical domestic sewage of large capitals (COD ~ 600 mg L−1), which allows the interconnection of the sanitary landfill to the urban sewage collection network after treatment in this proposed system. The results obtained with the compact system can help in the design of landfill leachate treatment plants, as well as in the treatment of urban and industrial effluents which contains different compounds of emerging concern and persistence in the environment.
Effectiveness of one-shot dual-energy subtraction chest radiography with flat-panel detector in distinguishing between calcified and non-calcified nodules
Authors: Minato Kojiro , Yamazaki Motohiko , Yagi Takuya , Hirata Tetsuhiro , Tominaga Masaki , You Kyoryoku , Ishikawa Hiroyuki
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the added value of the soft tissue image obtained by the one-shot dual-energy subtraction (DES) method using a flat-panel detector compared with the standard image alone in distinguishing calcified from non-calcified nodules on chest radiographs. We evaluated 155 nodules (48 calcified and 107 non-calcified) in 139 patients. Five radiologists (readers 1 − 5) with 26, 14, 8, 6 and 3 years of experience, respectively, evaluated whether the nodules were calcified using chest radiography. CT was used as the gold standard of calcification and non-calcification. Accuracy and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were compared between analyses with and without soft tissue images. The misdiagnosis ratio (false positive plus false negative ratios) when nodules and bones overlapped was also examined. The accuracy of all radiologists increased after adding soft tissue images (readers 1 − 5: 89.7% vs. 92.3% [P = 0.206], 83.2% vs. 87.7% [P = 0.178], 79.4% vs. 92.3% [P < 0.001], 77.4% vs. 87.1% [P = 0.007], and 63.2% vs. 83.2% [P < 0.001], respectively). AUCs for all the readers improved, except for reader 2 (readers 1 − 5: 0.927 vs. 0.937 [P = 0.495], 0.853 vs. 0.834 [P = 0.624], 0.825 vs. 0.878 [P = 0.151], 0.808 vs. 0.896 [P < 0.001], and 0.694 vs. 0.846 [P < 0.001], respectively). The misdiagnosis ratio for nodules that overlapped with the bone decreased after adding soft tissue images in all readers (11.5% vs. 7.6% [P = 0.096], 17.6% vs. 12.2% [P = 0.144], 21.4% vs. 7.6% [P < 0.001], 22.1% vs. 14.5% [P = 0.050] and 35.9% vs. 16.0% [P < 0.001], respectively), particularly that of readers 3 − 5. In conclusion, the soft tissue images obtained using one-shot DES with a flat-panel detector have added value in distinguishing calcified from non-calcified nodules on chest radiographs, especially for less experienced radiologists.
Parity and incident type 2 diabetes in older Chinese women: Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study
Authors: Su Huimin , Jiang Chaoqiang , Zhang Weisen , Zhu Feng , Jin Yali , Cheng Karkeung , Lam Taihing , Xu Lin
Published: June 2023

This study examined the association between parity and incident type 2 diabetes in older Chinese women and estimated the mediation effect of adiposity indicators. A total of 11,473 women without diabetes at baseline from 2003 to 2008 were followed up until 2012. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to assess the association between parity and incident type 2 diabetes, and mediation analysis to estimate the mediation effect of adiposity indicators. Compared to women with one parity, the hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval (CI)) for incident type 2 diabetes was 0.85 (0.44–1.63), 1.20 (1.11–1.30), 1.28 (1.16–1.41) and 1.27 (1.14–1.42) for women with parity of 0, 2, 3, and ≥ 4, respectively. The proportion of indirect effect (95% CI) mediated by body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio and body fat percentage was 26.5% (19.2–52.2%), 54.5% (39.4–108.7%), 25.1% (18.2–49.1%), 35.9% (25.6–74.1%), 50.3% (36.5–98.6%) and 15.1% (− 66.4 to 112.3%), respectively. Compared to women with one parity, women with multiparity (≥ 2) had a higher risk of incident type 2 diabetes and up to half of the association was mediated by abdominal obesity.
Ultrasensitive photoelectrochemical detection of glutathione based on the multifunctional catalytic properties of phosphotungstic acid
Authors: Jiang Yifan , Zhang Huilan , Xu Meizhu , Luo Fang , Lin Cuiying , Qiu Bin , Lin Zhenyu , Jiang Zhou , Wang Jian
Published: June 2023

The manufacturing process and detection principle of PEC sensing platform.
Detection & identification of hazardous narcotics and new psychoactive substances using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)
Authors: Williams Samuel F. , Stokes Robert , Tang Pik Leung , Blanco-Rodriguez Ana M.
Published: June 2023

According to the latest World Drug Report, released by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), drug use is up 30% over the past decade and spectroscopic techniques can aid in combatting this growing problem.
Ultra-high power factor of p-type Bi2Se3 for room-temperature thermoelectric applications
Authors: Vijay V. , Harish S. , Archana J. , Navaneethan M.
Published: June 2023

Mn and Ga co-doping synergistically optimize the hole density along with multi-scale phonon scattering, results a high-power factor and controlled lattice thermal conductivity. The p-type co-doped Bi2Se3 accomplished a high zT of 0.25 at 303 K.
Surface and near-surface engineering design of transition metal catalysts for promoting water splitting
Authors: Wang Yanmin , Meng Chao , Zhao Lei , Zhang Jialin , Chen Xuemin , Zhou Yue
Published: June 2023

This review presents an overview of the latest developments in surface and near-surface engineering. It specifically highlights the design strategies and underlying mechanisms of transition metal catalysts for water splitting.
Phase transition and ionic conduction enhancement induced by co-doping of LiI and MnI2 in a one-dimensional lead iodide perovskite
Authors: Kong Ya-Ru , Qiu Wei , Zhang Guo-Qin , Shao Dong-Sheng , Wang Xiao-Zu , Luo Hong-Bin , Pan Xue-Wei , Ren Xiao-Ming
Published: June 2023

The co-doped isomorphic Bu4N1−xLixMnxPb1−xI3 (x = 0.011−0.14) hybrids achieved by mechanochemical synthesis exhibit a structural phase transition at ∼342 K along with a significant enhancement of ionic conduction.
Variable temperature kinetic isotope effects demonstrate extensive tunnelling in the C–H activation reactivity of a transition metal-oxo complex
Authors: Schneider Joseph E. , Goetz McKenna K. , Anderson John S.
Published: June 2023

The role of proton tunnelling in imbalanced CPET reactions has been a point of debate recently; VT-KIE measurements suggest there is extensive tunnelling in this reactivity for a Co-oxo complex.
New organic ionic plastic crystals utilizing the morpholinium cation
Authors: Sourjah Azra , Kang Colin S. M. , Doherty Cara M. , Acharya Durga , O’Dell Luke A. , Pringle Jennifer M.
Published: June 2023

The synthesis and properties of new morpholinium-based plastic crystals are reported, expanding the range of OIPCs available for energy applications.
HOMER: a reparameterization of the harmonic oscillator model of aromaticity (HOMA) for excited states
Authors: Arpa Enrique M. , Durbeej Bo
Published: June 2023

A geometric model to probe excited-state aromaticity and antiaromaticity termed HOMER is reported. When tested by quantum-chemical calculations on carbocyclic and heterocyclic systems, the model is found consistent with state-of-the-art magnetic data.
Spin dynamics of [1,2-13C2]pyruvate hyperpolarization by parahydrogen in reversible exchange at micro Tesla fields
Authors: Browning Austin , Macculloch Keilian , TomHon Patrick , Mandzhieva Iuliia , Chekmenev Eduard Y. , Goodson Boyd M. , Lehmkuhl Sören , Theis Thomas
Published: June 2023

The spin dynamics during SABRE of [1,2-13C2]pyruvate are detailed. An analytical model and numerical simulations are used to understand the selective formation of hyperpolarized magnetization or singlet order on the 13C2-spin pair.
Prediction of toluene/water partition coefficients in the SAMPL9 blind challenge: assessment of machine learning and IEF-PCM/MST continuum solvation models
Authors: Zamora William J. , Viayna Antonio , Pinheiro Silvana , Curutchet Carles , Bisbal Laia , Ruiz Rebeca , Ràfols Clara , Luque F. Javier
Published: June 2023

In recent years the use of partition systems other than the widely used biphasic n-octanol/water has received increased attention to gain insight into the molecular features that dictate the lipophilicity of compounds.
Recent advances in the anti-counterfeiting applications of long persistent phosphors
Authors: Kuang Qingqing , Hou Xiaochun , Du Chengxue , Wang Xiaojun , Gao Dangli
Published: June 2023

To prevent counterfeiting, various luminescent anti-counterfeiting strategies, including multicolor, orthogonal, dynamic, and stimulus-response luminescence, are employed using long persistent phosphors.using long persistent phosphors.
The reaction of acetonitrile with hydrogen peroxide in alkaline medium: a DFT mechanistic study of green production of amides
Authors: Casella Girolamo , Carlotto Silvia , Ribeiro Ana P.C. , Martins Luísa M.D.R.S.
Published: June 2023

The formation of acetamide from ACN + H2O2 in alkaline medium has been investigated at the DFT level. The role of pH and temperature, and the determination of the rate determining step were discussed on the basis of early experimental data.
Dehydrogenative coupling of methane over Pt/Al2O3 catalysts: effect of hydrogen co-feeding
Authors: Tomono Tatsuki , Takamura Riku , Yoshida-Hirahara Miru , Yamamoto Tomokazu , Matsumura Syo , Kurokawa Hideki , Ogihara Hitoshi
Published: June 2023

Pt/AI2O3 converts CH4 into C2 hydrocarbons by H2 co-feeding.
Dredging photocarrier trapping pathways via “charge bridge” driven exciton–phonon decoupling enables efficient and photothermal stable quaternary organic solar cells
Authors: Zhang Kangning , Jiang Zhinan , Qiao Jiawei , Lu Peng , Qin Chaochao , Yin Hang , Du Xiaoyan , Qin Wei , Hao Xiaotao
Published: June 2023

The “charge bridge” strategy is applied to organic photovoltaic devices, which dredges photocarrier trapping pathways by facilitating exciton–phonon decoupling. This benefit leads to simultaneous improvement of efficiency and photothermal stability.
Association of branched-chain fatty acids with metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: He Yuan , Hong Xin-Hui-Zi , Xu Meng , Liu Yuan-Fa , Xu Yong-Jiang
Published: June 2023

Branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) have recently emerged as a group of functional fatty acids that are widely distributed in various foodstuffs, including dairy products, ruminant meat products, and fermented foods.
Divergent synthesis of nitrogen heterocyclesviaH2O-mediated hydride transfer reactions
Authors: Hu Fangzhi , Sun Zhipeng , Pan Mengzhe , Wang Liang , Xu Lubin , Liu Xiong-Li , Li Shuai-Shuai
Published: June 2023

The H2O-promoted controllable synthesis of diverse 3-carboxyl and 3-acyl substituted tetrahydroquinolines and 3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-ones from readily available feedstocks was developed by a hydride transfer strategy.
Oxygen vacancy enhanced catalytic activity in a Pt nanoparticle decorated GO–CexOycatalyst for the efficient synthesis of pyran based derivatives
Authors: Nayak Pratap S. , Maji Banalata , Barik Bapun , Sahoo Shital Jyotsna , Rout Vishal , Das Adyasha , Dash Priyabrat
Published: June 2023

Decoration of Pt metal nanoparticles on a GO supported CexOynanorod-based catalyst resulted in enhanced catalytic synthesis of pyran based derivatives.
Impact of copper immobilization on dramatic conversion of inactive NiAlFeO4 to an active catalyst for reduction of nitrophenols and a visible light photocatalyst for effective removal of organic contaminants from waste water
Authors: Manhas Ujwal , Sharma Shikha , Singh Sumit , Qadir Irfan , Atri Amit Kumar , Singh Devinder
Published: June 2023

Reduction of 4-nitrophenol and photodegradation of rhodamine B dye by the NAFO@Cu nanocomposites.
Highly efficient and stable hydrodechlorination of chlorophenols in a flow Pd–Ce/SiO2/Ni foam reactor
Authors: Cheng Ruijie , Li Linyu , Tan Lizhi , Feng Haozhen , Xiang Guangyan , Xiong Jun
Published: June 2023

The foam reactor shows attractive potential for employment in fast and often diffusion limited processes such as hydrodechlorination (HDC).
The doorstop proton: acid-controlled photoisomerization in pyridine-based azo dyes
Authors: Martin Shea M. , Knepp Zachary J. , Thongchai Ing Angsara , Englehart Kiera , Sorto Keyri , Jaffer Athina , Fredin Lisa A. , Young Elizabeth R.
Published: June 2023

A combination of experiment and theory rationalize the unexpected loss of photoisomerization upon azo dye protonation at a site that does not interact with the azo bond!
B–Hb⋯π interaction in heteroaromatics and anionic arenes: a DFT study
Authors: Saha Bapan , Bhattacharyya Pradip Kumar
Published: June 2023

B–Hb⋯π interaction of diborane with N, O, S heterocycles/anionic arenes leads to the formation of stable complexes, especially the complexes with anionic arenes. NCI is plotted and EDA is performed. NBO, QTAIM, IR and NMR analyses are also used.
Size-controlled growth of ZnSe nanocrystals for high-performance photocatalytic H2O2 production in pure water
Authors: Zhang Peng , Wang Jiankang , Hu Jinyu , Tong Zhibo , Wang Yajing , Liu Songli , Ding Shimin , Yu Youqing
Published: June 2023

The mole ratios of Se/Zn and KBH4/Zn in the solvothermal process are critical to determining the mean size of ZnSe nanocrystals. The synthesized ZnSe nanocrystals with the largest mean size exhibited the best efficiency for H2O2 production.
Single up-conversion nanocrystal as a local temperature probe of electrically heated silver nanowire
Authors: Wiwatowski K. , Sulowska K. , Houssaini R. , Pilch-Wróbel A. , Bednarkiewicz A. , Hartschuh A. , Maćkowski S. , Piątkowski D.
Published: June 2023

A single up-conversion nanocrystal can monitor the temperature of an electrically heated silver nanowire.
Significance and implications of nanoparticle–biological corona fingerprints in diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutics for diverse disorders
Authors: Ren Jiayu , Zhang Shupin , Liu Sijin
Published: June 2023

Biomolecule adsorption onto nanoparticles can be exploited to discover biomarkers and diagnostics, to understand the prognosis during the treatment process, and to enhance the abscopal effect after radio- or phototherapy for effective therapeutics.
Evaluating strain and doping of Janus MoSSe from phonon mode shifts supported by ab initio DFT calculations
Authors: Schmeink Jennifer , Musytschuk Vladislav , Pollmann Erik , Sleziona Stephan , Maas André , Kratzer Peter , Schleberger Marika
Published: June 2023

Research into Janus monolayers is slowly advancing. With the support of ab initio DFT calculations, information on the intrinsic properties of Janus-MoSSe monolayers, such as strain and doping, can improve our understanding of this new class of materials.
Bioinspired magnetism-responsive hybrid microstructures with dynamic switching toward liquid droplet rolling states
Authors: Bian Yucheng , Zhu Suwan , Li Xin , Tao Yuan , Nian Chenyu , Zhang Chenchu , Peng Yubin , Li Chuanzong , Xiong Wei , Zhu Wulin , Hu Yanlei , Li Jiawen , Chu Jiaru , Wu Dong
Published: June 2023

A magnetism-switchable isotropic/anisotropic droplet rolling platform composed of bio-inspired micropillar/microplate structures is proposed, which shows potential for applications such as liquid mixing and microchemical reactions.
Correction: FDPP–HA as a theranostic agent for cancer-targeted fluorescence imaging and photodynamic therapy
Authors: Liang Pingping , Shao Jinjun , Tang Qianyun , Si Weili , Wang Qiang , Zhang Qi , Dong Xiaochen
Published: June 2023

Correction for ‘FDPP–HA as a theranostic agent for cancer-targeted fluorescence imaging and photodynamic therapy’ by Pingping Liang et al., RSC Adv., 2017, 7, 37369–37373, https://doi.org/10.1039/C7RA06551E.
Rapid and column-chromatography-free peptide chain elongation via a one-flow, three-component coupling approach
Authors: Sugisawa Naoto , Ando Akira , Fuse Shinichiro
Published: June 2023

Rapid (<minutes), mild (20 °C), inexpensive, and column-chromatography-free peptide chain elongation via a one-flow, three-component coupling approach using amino acid chloride, α-amino acid N-carboxy anhydride and amino acid ester was achieved.