bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review Article: Dalit Literature and Criticism by Raj Kumar
Authors:   Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, NIT Kurukshetra, Shahida
Published: February 2021

The term ‘Dalit’ refers to a particular group or community in India which have been ostracized, exploited and humiliated due caste structure and social order ardently followed in India. The etymology of the word ‘Dalit’ can be traced to the root word dal in Sanskrit and dalan in Hindi meaning ‘broken down’ or ‘broken to pieces.’ It is believed that Jotibarao Phule (1826-90) first used the term to describe condition of outcastes and untouchables in India. Later, the term was popularized by B.R. Ambedkar as he used it profusely in his speeches and writings in Marathi. The term gained new meaning in 1970s, a period of literary and cultural boom that witnessed the birth of Dalit literature and in the present, the term refers to belated recognition of the Dalit’s militant claims upon a history of humiliation and suffering (Rao, 11). Since its origin Dalit Literature has emerged as a form of social resistance literature principally aimed at community identity formation and bringing about political and economic changes among the Dalit population. Arjun Dangle, the Marathi Dalit writer, editor and activist suggests, “Dalit literature is marked by revolt and negativism, since it is closely associated with the hopes for freedom by a group of people, who as untouchables, are victims of social, economic and cultural inequality” (Trans. Mukhherjee; 1). Dangle traces the origin of Dalit literature to Ambedkar. It was his revolutionary ideas that encouraged Dalits to speak for themselves and therefore Dalit literature is an expression of this self- awareness; an assertion for a dignified life.
Z dziejów klasztoru klarysek chęcińskich w świetle archiwaliów z Archiwum Diecezjalnego w Kielcach
Authors: Szylar Anna
Published: February 2021

Artykuł został przygotowany na podstawie materiałów archiwalnych znajdujących się w Archiwum Diecezjalnym w Kielcach. Stanowią go dwa tomy akt z XIX w., zawierające w większości korespondencję pomiędzy mniszkami a władzami diecezjalnymi, zakonnymi i świeckimi.Klaryski zamieszkiwały w Chęcinach w latach 1643-1902. Chociaż kasata nastąpiła w 1864 r., mniszkom pozwolono pozostać w nim do czasu wymarcia większości zakonnic.Konwent należał do niewielkich pod względem liczby zakonnic. Sytuacja materialna sióstr w XIX w. była bardzo trudna, bieda i brak funduszy stanowiły przyczynę poszukiwania różnych źródeł dochodu, które często nie były zgodne z przepisami prawa kanonicznego. Powodowało to liczne spory i kłótnie wśród zakonnic. Wizytatorzy próbowali różnymi sposobami przywrócić dyscyplinę zakonną.Konwent klarysek w Chęcinach został zamknięty w 1902 r., od 1930 r. do chwili obecnej istnieje w tym miejscu klasztor bernardynek.
Społeczność świętolipska w XVIII w. na podstawie ksiąg metrykalnych
Authors: Kopiczko Andrzej
Published: February 2021

W dotychczasowych badaniach, poświęconych Świętej Lipce, koncentrowano się przede wszystkim na samej świątyni i pielgrzymkach, natomiast w niewielkim stopniu podejmowano kwestie związane z dziejami miejscowości i jej mieszkańców. By wypełnić tę lukę dla XVIII w. podjęto się analizy zachowanych ksiąg metrykalnych. Przeprowadzona kwerenda dostarczyła nowych informacji o miejscowej ludności. Zaprezentowano je w formie zestawień tabelarycznych i wysnutych z nich wniosków. Podano liczbę chrztów, małżeństw i zgonów. Wymieniono też nazwiska rodzin, w których przyszło na świat czworo i więcej dzieci, zakładając, że może to świadczyć o ich stałym zamieszkaniu w tej miejscowości. Ustalono nazwiska nauczycieli, organistów, kościelnych, karczmarzy, krawców, murarzy, garncarzy, rybaków i strażników lasu. Skorygowano wykaz jezuitów oraz księży diecezjalnych pracujących w Świętej Lipce. Analizie poddano popularność imion wśród chrzczonych dzieci. Na podstawie księgi zmarłych uściślono również informacje o cmentarzach.
The Turkish cause, reformation and counter-reformation in Polish-English contacts in the 15th and 16th centuries
Authors: Grzebyk Tomasz
Published: February 2021

There are many matters in the history of Polish-English relations that have so far escaped the attention of historians dealing with this subject. Religious issues that are the subject of this article, which is the result of a monthly query in the British Library, Bodleian Library, and The National Archives of England and Wales, seem to be undervalued. The aim of the article is to present selected religious and political issues as important factors in the shaping of Polish-English diplomatic relations at the turn of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance.
Effect of Conventional Chemotherapies on Natural Killer Cell Activity
Authors: Kirhan Idris , Taskiran Huseyin , Gönel Ataman
Published: February 2021

Background:

The effects of chemotherapeutics agents are considered to influence the
immune system and cells due to their myelosuppressive and immunosuppressive functions. Natural
killer cells are one of the important components of the innate immune system and have a critical
role against tumor cells and infections.

Objective:

The study was aimed to demonstrate whether conventional chemotherapies had an effect
on Natural Killer (NK) cell activity.

Methods:

Forty-nine adjuvant and 19 first-time metastatic chemotherapy-naïve cancer patients
were recruited into the study. Blood samples at pre-chemotherapy and post-chemotherapy, at 1st
and 4th cycles, were obtained for NK cell activity.

Results:

We found no difference between baseline and post-chemotherapy NK cell activity levels.
In addition, we found no difference between pre-chemotherapy and post-chemotherapy NK cell activity
in both adjuvant and metastatic cancer patients separately.

Conclusion:

Conventional chemotherapy seems to have no effect on NK cell activity levels in cancer
patients in both metastatic and adjuvant settings.
Association of Use of the Oral Contraceptive Pill (OCP) with the Expression
Pattern of Different Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancer
Authors: Khode Vitthal , Patil Sumangala , Shetty Praveenkumar , Dinesh Udupi Shashtri , Ruikar Komal , Bargale Anil , Patil Satish G.
Published: February 2021

Background:

Triple-negative breast carcinoma (TNBC) is a breast cancer subtype associated
with high mortality and inadequate therapeutic options when compared to non-TNBC. Clinical
data indirectly suggests where Oral Contraceptive Pill (OCP) usage is high, the prevalence of
Estrogen Receptor+ (ER+) breast cancer is high, and the prevalence of TNBC is low. This has lead
to our hypothesis that OCP use may increase the risk of ER+ breast cancer, and OCP use may reduce
the risk of TNBC. We aimed to compare the prevalence and association of subtypes of breast
cancer in OCP users with that of non-users among women 30 to 60 years of age.

Methods:

This hospital-based observational study of three-year duration included 155 subjects of
primary invasive breast cancer who got admitted to our institution. The data was obtained for ER,
PR, HER2 status, clinical classification, and data in relation to demographic factors, reproductive
history, and history of OCP use. 155 subjects were divided into two groups. Group-1 included 48
patients with a history of OCP use, and group-2 included 107 patients who have not used OCP. Data
was analysed using SPSS-20.

Results:

A significant increase in the prevalence of molecular subtypes ER+, Progesterone Receptor+
(PR+) and Luminal B breast cancer in OCP users was observed compared to non-users. There
was a significant decrease in the age at the time of admission in ER+ cancer in OCP users (45.3
years) compared to non-users (52.2years). While age at the time of admission of Basal (TNBC) cancer
patients in OCP users (53.1 years) was higher when compared to non-users (45.4years). Upon
logistic regression, the likelihood of ER+, PR+ and Luminal B in OCP users was 11%,10% and
13% less, respectively, with 1 year of higher age and the likelihood of TNBC in OCP users was
18% more and 8% less in non-users.

Conclusion:

OCP use may be associated with increased prevalence of ER+, PR+ and Luminal B
breast cancer. On the contrary, OCP use may be associated with a delay in the progression of the
TNBC.
Optimization and Characterization of Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized by Leaves Extract of Alphonsea madraspatana
Authors: Sahu Amita , Swain Sudhanshu Shekhar , Ghosh Goutam , Pradhan Deepak , Sahu Dipak Kumar , Biswasroy Prativa , Rath Goutam
Published: February 2021

Background:

Literature evidence as well as traditional uses of genus Alphonsea reveal
significant antimicrobial and anti-oxidant activitiesencouraging to consider A. madraspatana to
have potent antimicrobials, there by offering potential adjuncts to synthesize improved antimicrobial
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The objective of the present exposition is to optimize reaction
parameters to synthesize antimicrobial Biogenic Silver nanoparticles (BAgNPs) from the extract of
A. madraspatana leaves (AML) and to evaluate the effect against bacteria.

Methods:

BAgNPs were synthesized by the optimized reaction. The Synthesized nanoparticles
were characterized by UV, IR, ICP-MS and XRD analysis. The antibacterial potency of optimized
BAgNPs was evaluated against E. coli by comparing with positive controls.

Results:

Results of the optimization process indicate nanoscale BAgNPs were produced at 45°C
for 120 min at pH 8 with 1:5 volume ratio of AgNO3 and extract. Optimized BAgNPs exhibits relatively
higher antimicrobial activity (31±1mm) compared to Ciprofloxacin (27±1mm) and marketed
nanosilver (28± 2 mm). The developed BAgNPs show comparable biofilm inhibition (86.50%) as
compared to marketed nanosilver (88.10%) and Ciprofloxacin (83.10%).

Conclusion:

Experimental evidence suggests methanolic extract of AML under predefined conditions,
which successfully generate nano-template of silver with better antibacterial response against
E. coli.
Chemical Composition Analysis andIn Vivo Anti-diabetic Activity of
Aqueous Extract of Aerial Part ofPallenis spinosa in Diabetic Rats
Authors: Khettaf Abdelkrim , Dridi Seloua
Published: February 2021

Background:

This work aims to confirm the anti-diabetic activity of Pallenis spinosa,
as recommended in traditional medicine, and perform a chemical analysis of the aerial part of Pallenis
spinosa.

Methods:

The isolated compounds have been identified by chemical methods and spectrometric
analysis, such as UV, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy. With regard to the anti-diabetic activity,
a series of experiments have been carried out in vivo on Westar albino rats. Diabetes has been induced
in animals by an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocine. They have been treated with an
aqueous extract from the aerial part of Pallenis spinosa (250 and 500 mg/kg body weight) and
glibenclamide (5 mg/kg body weight) every day for 21 days.

Results:

The chemical analysis of the aerial part of Pallenis spinosa led to the isolation of five
known flavonoids, including patuletin 7-galactopyranoside, patuletin-3-O-α-L-rharnnopyranosyl
(1-6)-β-D-galactopyranoside, tricin 7-glucopyranoside, tricin, and quercetin. The aqueous extract
of both doses, 250 mg and 500 mg, has shown significant activity in reducing blood sugar, with
43.38% for the dose of 250 mg/kg and 37.76% for the dose of 500 mg/kg, as well as a significant
decrease in the total fatness, triglycerides, and the total cholesterol levels in animals. The treatment
was compared to the diabetes control group (p = 0.05). We used glibenclamide as a reference, and
it showed similar results.

Conclusion:

In order to explore and develop new anti-diabetic drugs, more studies are needed on
this plant for scrutinizing its mechanism of activity.
Laurus Nobilis Linn. Inhibits Polyol Pathway Enzymes: Strategy for Managing Diabetic Complications
Authors: Bankole Habeeb Adebodun , Fatai Azeez Ayomide , Aleshe Sulihat Motunrayo , Kazeem Mutiu Idowu , Kappo Abidemi Paul
Published: February 2021

Background:

The rising incidence of diabetic complications necessitate the continuous search
for safer, cheaper, and effective pharmacological agents. The polyol pathway is an underlying process
implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. Inhibition of enzymes in the polyol pathway is a
veritable means of ameliorating diabetic complications.

Objective:

This study evaluated the inhibitory potential of some spicy plants on the activities of polyol
pathway enzymes (aldose reductase and sorbitol dehydrogenase).

Methods:

Aqueous extracts of Laurus nobilis (bay), Cinnamomum zeylanicum (cinnamon), Murraya
koenigii (curry), Thymus vulgaris (thyme), and Curcuma longa (turmeric) were incubated with appropriate
enzymes and substrates, and inhibition percentages were determined.

Results:

The results showed that bay extract had effective IC50 for the inhibition of both aldose reductase
(174.87 μg/mL) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (37.08 μg/mL). It also revealed that bay extract inhibited
aldose reductase and sorbitol dehydrogenase in a non-competitive and competitive manner, respectively.

Conclusion:

It is, therefore, concluded that bay extract effectively inhibited activities of polyol pathway
enzymes and might contribute to the amelioration of diabetic complications.
Lophira alata Suppresses Phorbol Ester-Mediated Increase in Cell Growth via Inhibition of Protein Kinase C-α/Akt in Glioblastoma Cells
Authors: Ezenyi Ifeoma , Emeje Martins , Okhale Samuel , Lin Stacy , Jean-Louis Denise , Amos Samson
Published: February 2021

Background:

Medicinal plants serve as sources of compounds used to treat other types of cancers. The root of the plant Lophira alata (Ochnaceae) has been used as a component of traditional herbal decoctions administered to cancer patients in southwestern Nigeria. However, the mechanism of the cytotoxic effects of Lophira alata alone or in the presence of phorbol ester has not been investigated in brain tumor cells.

Objective:

This study was aimed at examining the cytotoxic potential of the methanolic fraction of Lophira alata root on malignant glioma invasive cellular growth and survival.

Method:

The methanolic fraction of Lophira alata (LAM) was subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography to determine the fingerprints of the active molecules. The antiproliferative effects of Lophira alata were assessed using the MTT and LDH assays. Protein immunoblots were carried out to test the effects of Lophira alata, alone or in the presence of phorbol ester, on survival signaling pathways such as Akt, mTOR, and apoptotic markers such as PARP and caspases.

Results:

The methanolic fraction of Lophira alata (LAM) induced a concentration-dependent and time-dependent
decrease in glioma cell proliferation. In addition, LAM attenuated phorbol ester-mediated signaling of
downstream targets such as Akt/mTOR. Gene silencing using siRNA targeting PKC-alpha attenuated LAM-mediated
downregulation of Akt. In addition, LAM induced both PARP and caspase cleavages. The HPLC fingerprint
of the fraction indicates the presence of flavonoids.

Conclusion:

LAM decreases cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in glioma cell lines and thus could serve as a therapeutic molecule in the management of gliomas.
Radioprotective Potential of Nutraceuticals and their Underlying Mechanism of Action
Authors: Shah Muhammad Ajmal , Iqbal Shabnoor , Rasul Azhar , Saadullah Malik , Tabassum Sobia , Ali Shujat , Zafar Muhammad , Muhammad Haji , Uddin Md Sahab , Batiha Gaber El-Saber , Vargas-De-La-Cruz Celia
Published: February 2021

Radiations are an efficient treatment modality in cancer therapy. Besides the treatment effects of radiations, the ionizing radiations interact with biological systems and generate reactive oxygen species that interfere with the normal cellular process. Previous investigations have been conducted only on few synthetic radioprotectors, mainly owing to some limiting effects. The nutraceuticals act as efficient radioprotectors to protect the tissues from the deleterious effects of radiation. The main radioprotection mechanism of nutraceuticals is the scavenging of free radicals while other strategies involve modulation of signaling transduction pathways like MAPK (JNK, ERK1/2, ERK5, and P38), NF-kB, cytokines, and their protein regulatory gene expression. The current review is focused on the radioprotective effects of nutraceuticals including vitamin E, -C, organosulphur compounds, phenylpropanoids, and polysaccharides. These natural entities protect against radiation-induced DNA damage. The review mainly entails the antioxidant perspective and radioprotective molecular mechanism of nutraceuticals, DNA repair pathway, anti-inflammation, immunomodulatory effects and regeneration of hematopoietic cells.
Selective Reduction of Aromatic Alkynes Catalyzed by Palladium with Formic Acid as the Hydride Source
Authors: Chayya Suzanne , El-Dakdouki Mohammad , Hijazi Akram , Younes Ghassan , Ibrahim Ghassan , Hachem Ali , Alaaeddine Ali
Published: February 2021

Background:

Transfer hydrogenation methods that employ non-H2 hydrogen sources
have evolved as an attractive alternative for conventional hydrogenation approaches.

Objective:

In this study, we aimed at developing optimized conditions to induce the selective transfer
hydrogenation reduction of aromatic alkynes catalyzed by PdCl2(PPh3)2 and using formic acid
as the hydride source.

Methods:

The effect of various reaction parameters, such as the nature and amount of the catalyst,
the H-donor/base couple, reaction time and temperature, and the nature of the solvent on the outcome
of the alkyne reduction were investigated.

Results:

The reduction of the alkyne can be chemoselectively controlled by adjusting the reaction
conditions. Among the tested catalysts, PdCl2(PPh3)2 was the most suitable, with 2% of the catalyst
being the optimal amount. While the reduction was successful in different solvents of different polarities,
THF was selected as the solvent of choice. The reduction of diphenylacetylene yielded the
alkene both at 50°C and 80°C. When testing the optimized conditions on the reduction of 4-
phenyl-3-butyne-2-one, quantitative partial reduction to the corresponding α,β-unsaturated ketone
was obtained at 50°C, while the saturated ketone was produced as the major product at 80°C.

Conclusion:

The chemoselective reduction of aromatic alkynes was performed successfully with
complete conversion using 2% PdCl2(PPh3)2 as a catalyst, formic acid/NEt3 as the H-donor/base
couple, THF as the solvent, at 50°C and 80°C.
Clinical Evidence and Therapeutic Treatments at the Time of the Coronaviruses Responsible for SARS: A Perspective and Points of view with a Focus on Vascular Endothelium
Authors: Tricarico Gerardo , Zavan Barbara , Travagli Valter
Published: February 2021

The clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients highlight a significant minority of subjects
with very rapid lethal outcomes subsequent to the almost complete healing after coronavirus infections
for most of the subjects involved. In addition, the reckless use of some drugs and therapeutic
protocols that have not shown any efficacy in reducing mortality in those patients where the progression
of the disease was unstoppable suggests a different interpretative model in the pathogenesis
of severe cases. Starting from the clinical data already known for almost twenty years on the behavior
of human SARS coronaviruses, it is possible to develop a new hypothesis. The reference
points taken into consideration are: i) the comparison of the histological evidence of the autoptic
material; ii) the poor pharmacological response in subjects with severe phenotypes of the pathology;
iii) the common element of endotheliitis in a subgroup of the population characterized by harmful
clinical outcomes during the evolution of the pathology. The tendency to develop widespread,
massive endothelial lesions not responding to any drug therapy or other interventions necessarily
plays a crucial role in the onset of the systemic and severe stage of the disease. The present perspective
opens the door to a different therapeutic approach both to the full-blown phase of COVID-19
and to the preventive phase or the very first manifestations of the disease. It is imperative to pay
more attention to the protection of the vascular endothelium in subjects who already have a predisposition
to the development of a severe evolution of this ailment rather than to give a simple antiviral
therapy together with symptomatic drugs.
The urban landscape heritage as a social participative and artistic construct. The case study of Mouraria in Lisbon
Authors: Moya Ana
Published: February 2021

Migrations, mass tourism, and international real estate investments are causing irreversi‑ ble effects on the genuine identity evolution of Mouraria’s urban landscape heritage. This research analyses the emotional and multisensorial responses to the urban space of Mouraria’s residents using the methodology of three pedagogical-artistic laboratories. We enquire how this multicultural community is involved in the creation of an active and predicative experience of space through artistic activities. This community-based research reaffirms the understanding of the urban heritage in its intangible dimension as a social participative construct, in a constant process of identity reformulation, reinvention, and artistic creation
A raia de Ribacôa: perspetivas de investigação compreendendo o período de 1762-1960
Authors: Mendonça Maria Isabel Lopes de
Published: February 2021

: The research about the dialectics of the organization of the settlements in Ribacôa’s ray, comprising the period between 1762 and 1960, arises from the systematization and interpretation of the territory’s architecture in a tensional dialogue with its border condition. The mentioned region (roughly confined to the municipalities of Figueira de Castelo Rodrigo, Almeida and Sabugal) will thus constitute the main aspect of analysis and problematization related with contemporary lands‑ cape modeling, which is coordinated with state actions aimed according the productive and econo‑ mic possibilities of the region. The discourse about the action of several agents over the centuries will recover aspects of the evolu‑ tion of human occupation that constitue a methodological basis for understanding the territorial process. In a perspective of holistic understanding, it will be demonstrated that exploratory incursions inclu‑ ding primary sources and the theoretical field must be complemented by local surveys, namely those showing the human settlements in articulation with its vital space that integrates the water structures, the constructions supporting the military actions as well as the circulation system, the industries and the farms.
Uma geografia de rosto humano
Authors: Dias Maria José
Published: February 2021

In different literary means, and throughout his lifetime, Miguel Torga kept drawing a human-like geography, as his senses reacted to the places he visited and walked through. With this article, we try to show how, from his native land of Trás-os-Montes, a true existential geode‑ sic marker, Torga displayed his telluric and Iberian nature, as he kept assessing and resizing himself as a man, by the experience of meeting new places and people that he preserved in books. By that literary inscription, born of an organic and subjective reaction and of a prospective look of human horizon, the author seeks to understand the human contours that the different physical and cultural geographies produced. In this exercise, which endows the spaces with human density, and gives them identity and historicity, the notion of heritage landscape is nurtured and expanded.
Construction of "moral thinking" centered on critical thinking: Developing reasoning power for elementary and junior high school students
Authors: Ikeda Masami , Miyamoto Koji
Published: February 2021

In order to minimize various social risks, including situations such as COVID-19, each person needs to make decisions and act calmly with morals. To do that, it is insufficient to merely aim for children to receive basic acquaintance and information literacy. The future will require
more to be gained from education, including the provision of human-specific skills such as creativity and emotional intelligence. It is essential to teach concepts such as empathy and harmonious coexistence, preparing children for the future and leading to further benefits for society. There
is a particular emphasis on moral education in Japan, where a policy of 'Moral Education through Thinking and Discussion' is being pursued. Professor Masami Ikeda, Jumonji University, and Associate Professor Koji Miyamoto, Tokyo Kasei University, are collaborating to create a moral critical
thinking workbook. The goal is to address Japan's policy aims, as well as the current lack of critical thinking teaching in schools. The researchers are emphasising the importance of moral thinking centred on critical thinking to build a rich symbiotic relationship. With the Japanese state's
drive for the 'Moral Education of Thinking and Discussion', this is now being taught as a new class in schools, which prompted Ikeda and Miyamoto to look at how morality is, and can be further, linked to critical thinking. The researchers are also interested in cognitive bias and are seeking
to make people more aware of their personal biases. Ikeda and Miyamoto have conducted trial classes and large-scale questionnaires in order to acquire evidence for their novel moral thinking approach. They have created a new moral thinking scale comprising four cornerstone moral thinking factors:
contributing individuals; impartial individuals; responsible individuals; and family-minded individuals.
Opening up research in social sciences
Authors: Annette Lucy
Published: February 2021

The Open Research Area (ORA) for Social Sciences is an international initiative that provides social science research funding and support. It was founded in 2010 by members of the Bonn Group and based on agreement by European social science funding bodies The Agence Nationale de la
Recherche (ANR), France, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Germany, the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC), UK, and the Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), the Netherlands. The Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC), Canada, later
joined, as well as the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) as an associate member. ORA facilitates collaborative social sciences research by bringing together researchers from participating countries. Researchers from the partner countries who fulfil the eligibility criteria
of their national funding organisation apply to the ORA office handling the year's applications and Japanese researchers submit their applications to JSPS Tokyo. ORA accepts applications from all areas of the social sciences and there is a key focus on supporting young researchers at the beginning
of their careers, helping them to extend the reach of their work and network on an international scale. Ultimately, ORA exists to drive forward high-quality research and strengthen international collaboration in social sciences research. So far, five rounds of ORA have been successfully completed,
with more than 60 international collaborative proposals funded across diverse social sciences fields, including political science, economics, empirical social science, psychology, geography, urban planning and education science.
Generating open innovation in secondary education curriculum through cross-boundary co-creation
Authors: Yururi Makoto
Published: February 2021

Alterations to secondary school curriculums could result in substantial benefits for students. This is because applying new findings about how people learn, the value of learning and new challenges students face in adulthood could prove invaluable to education. However, changing and
/ or updating curriculums is a big task that relies on new teaching methods being trailed in the classroom setting in order to ensure that they are viable and effective. Possible changes that could be made reflect the fact that learning has changed. No longer are students trained to memorise
information for exams. Instead, critical skills for the modern world are being taught that involve students finding connections between subjects and learning outside of the classroom. Makoto Yururi is Vice-Director of the Institute for Contemporary Education, Showa Women's University, Japan,
and a specialist in curriculum studies. His research is focused on establishing a methodology that will provide a more creative design and management to the secondary school curriculum. The goal of this project is ensuring that emphasis is not only placed on the subjects being taught but also
on inquiry and co-creation. To this end, Yururi is striving to create synergy between elements of the curriculum and, as such, is focused on connections between subjects and how they can foster co-creation and life lessons. Yururi believes this methodology could be applied in Japan and beyond,
drawing out creativity and positivity among students and teachers alike.
Study on business and skill transfer in skill-based long-established family companies
Authors: Sone Hidekazu
Published: February 2021

Economists and sociologist have an interest in understanding what enables companies to survive for hundreds of years. Most of the research in this area has focused on large, multinational corporations, with economists claiming it depends on efficient production management and organisational
design and sociologists argue that it is institutional, cognitive and socio-political legitimacy that are most important. Research is now turning to smaller and medium size businesses to help the future sustainability of these companies. Associate Professor Hidekazu Sone is based at the Shizuoka
University of Art and Culture in Japan, and is investigating the business and skill transfer in skill-based family companies that have been established for a long time. Sone hopes to determine the precise mechanisms behind how long-standing firms have been able to survive in response to changes
over the years at the same time as inheriting traditions.
Developing an Assessment System of Speaking Skills in English as a Foreign Language Based on CEFR-J
Authors: Yoshitomi Asako
Published: February 2021

Language skills are increasingly important as globalisation accelerates, necessitating an enhanced ability to communicate. Equally important is a deep understanding of cultures that can facilitate cross-cultural exchanges. At Tokyo University of Foreign Studies (TUFS), Japan, great
importance is placed on the learning of languages and cultures, as well as acquiring the English language as a 'lingua franca', or bridge language. Professor Yukio Tono, who is director of Lingua, the World Language Center at TUFS, leads a project called CEFR-Jx28 that is seeking to align
teaching materials, instruction and assessment to the CEFR-J for Japanese university students for English and 27 other foreign languages. As CEFR was developed in Europe, it is necessary to adjust the rubrics for second language learners whose first language is Japanese. A project, led by
Professor Asako Yoshitomi, the director of the English Learning Center, is also underway to develop English speaking tasks based on CEFR-J that can be used for instruction and assessment. Professor Masashi Negishi and the research team are developing a speaking test called BCT-S (British Council
TUFS-Speaking Test for Japanese Universities) that is used for selective assessment for university admission. The BCT-S is a localised version of the CEFR-based Aptis into a speaking test based on the CEFR-J. The progress of students at TUFS is recorded in an e-portfolio called 'TUFS Record'
and a summary of the TUFS Record is issued as a diploma supplement.
Social value created by co-creation - new aspects of consumer participation
Authors: Aoki Kei
Published: February 2021

The advent of the internet has increased the means by which consumers can make positive contributions to enhance brand value. There are many significant benefits associated with building sustainable relationships with customers, especially if it becomes possible to forge connections
with individuals to build acommunity or ecosystem through which customers interact with each other. Associate Professor Kei Aoki, based within the Hirao School of Management at Konan University in Japan, is carrying out research to understand customer engagement with brands, with a specific
focus on customer-to-customer relationships and how they have an effect on participants' wellbeing.
Construction of archaeology and ancient history research methods based on cooperation with astronomy
Authors: Hojo Yoshitaka , Goto Akira
Published: February 2021

Professor Hojo Yoshitaka is leading a research team which is aiming to construct archaeology and ancient history research methods that are based on astronomical methods and understanding. Although archaeological astronomical methods have been introduced in the study of calendar history
in the field of literature history, the lack of basic knowledge of astronomy makes it difficult to apply them effectively in a wide range of research settings in Japan. With the establishment of this project, the team hopes to overcome the situation by combining philology, archaeology, astronomy
and folklore. The team includes researchers from the National Astronomical Observatory, Chiba Institute of Technology, Kwassui Women 's University, Sapporo University, Nanzan University, Kyushu University, Senshu University and the National Institute of Cultural Properties.
Акустооптические модуляторы с расширенной частотной полосой для волоконно-оптических линий
Authors: Епихин В.М. , Рябинин А.В.
Published: February 2021

A modulator-frequency shifter with single-mode optical fibers for a radiation wavelength of 1064 nm has been developed and manufactured. The light beam was focused in the center of the sound column. Modulator switching time ≃ 18 ns. Operating mode: pulse, continuous. Total optical loss at center frequency: -3.2 dB. An expression for the frequency band of reception of the modulator is obtained. The estimates are in good agreement with the experimental data ≃ 40 MHz. It is shown that the use of a scheme with a focused beam makes it possible to implement a modulator with a minimum switching time ≃ (2-3) ns and a receiving frequency band ≃ (200-300) MHz.
Спектрально-люминесцентные свойства и фотолиз заряженных форм бисфенола А
Authors: Бочарникова Е.Н. , Базыль О.К. , Чайковская О.Н. , Майер Г.В.
Published: February 2021

The spectral luminescent properties and photolysis of the ionic forms (neutral, cationic and anionic) of bisphenol A have been studied experimentally and by methods of quantum chemistry. Calculations and experiment have shown that, in comparison with a neutral form, no new absorption bands appear in the absorption spectra of ionic form in the range 200–600 nm. The polar solvent (water) shifts the absorption spectrum bands of ionic forms towards low energies. In this case, the shift of the absorption spectrum of the cation is insignificant, and the shift of the anion is significant with an increase in the intensity of the absorption bands. The low quantum yield of fluorescence of ionic form is explained by the prevalence of the efficiency of singlet-triplet conversion over the efficiency of the radiation channel of decay of the fluorescent state. The low quantum yield of fluorescence of the anionic form is due not only to the effective singlet-triplet conversion, but also to the low efficiency of the radiative decay of the fluorescent state of the anion caused by a change in its orbital nature. Calculations have shown that the potential curves of the excited states of bisphenol A and its ionic forms have a significant potential barrier to photolysis. The increase in the efficiency of the process of photodissociation of the bisphenol A anion is caused by a noticeable decrease in the potential barrier and an increase in the overlap of the absorption spectra of the bisphenol A anion and solar radiation.
Усиление интенсивности комбинационного рассеяния за счет фактора внутреннего поля
Authors: Петров Д.В. , Матросов И.И.
Published: February 2021

The paper is devoted to the effect of enhancement of the Raman intensity of gaseous components of media due to the internal field factor created by the molecular environment. The intensity of the vibrational Raman band of nitrogen in mixtures with argon and methane was studied at pressures up to 50 atm. We observed an increase in Raman signal intensity of fixed nitrogen concentration up to 4% in the indicated mixtures. A model for evaluating this effect is presented and verified. The data obtained will be useful for improving the accuracy of Raman gas analysis.
Atomic Structure and Optical Properties of Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposited SiCOH Low-k Dielectric Film-=SUP=-*-=/SUP=-
Authors: Kruchinin V.N. , Volodin V.A. , Rykhlitskii S.V. , Gritsenko V.A. , Posvirin I.P. , Shi Xiaoping , Baklanov M.R.
Published: February 2021

The SiCOH low-k dielectric film was grown on Si substrate using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition method. Atomic structure and optical properties of the film were studied with the use of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and ellipsometry. Analysis of XPS data showed that the low-k dielectric film consists of Si-O4 bonds (83%) and Si-SiO3 bonds (17%). In FTIR spectra some red-shift of Si-O-Si valence (stretching) vibration mode frequency was observed in the low-k dielectric film compared with the frequency of this mode in thermally grown SiO2 film. The peaks related to absorbance by C-H bonds were observed in FTIR spectrum. According to Raman spectroscopy data, the film contained local Si-Si bonds and also C-C bonds in the s-p3 and s-p2 hybridized forms. Scanning laser ellipsometry data show that the film is quite homogeneous, homogeneity of thickness is ~ 2.5%, and homogeneity of refractive index is ~ 2%. According to analysis of spectral ellipsometry data, the film is porous (porosity is about 24%) and contains clusters of amorphous carbon (~ 7%).
Закономерности температурных изменений спектров отражения инфракрасного излучения кристалла Bi-=SUB=-0.8-=/SUB=-Sb-=SUB=-1.2-=/SUB=-Te-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=- в области возбуждения плазменнных колебаний свободных носителей заряда и межзонных переходов
Authors: Степанов Н.П. , Калашников А.А.
Published: February 2021

The regularities of the temperature behavior of the reflection spectra of the Bi0.8Sb1.2Te3 crystal obtained in the range of the plasma resonance of free charge carriers and the fundamental absorption edge allow us to trace the changes in the plasmon energy Ep and the optical band gap Eg opt. The observed decrease in Eg opt with increasing temperature corresponds to the existing ideas about the redistribution of holes between the nonequivalent extremes of the valence band in (Bi2-xSbx)Te3 (0<x<1) crystals. The dominance of this process in a certain temperature range contributes to the change in plasma frequencies. Keywords: reflection spectra, plasma oscillations, electron-plasmon interaction, dielectric functions.
Синтез наноразмерных люминофоров Gd-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-:Nd-=SUP=-3+-=/SUP=- полимерно-солевым методом и исследование их основных характеристик
Authors: Матросова А.С. , Кузьменко Н.К. , Евстропьев C.К. , Асеев В.А. , Данилович Д.П. , Никоноров Н.В. , Игнатьев А.И. , Демидов В.В. , Дукельский К.В.
Published: February 2021

The article considers the aspects of nanoscale Gd2O3:Nd3+ phosphors synthesis using the liquid polymer-salt method. Within the framework of the method, the double role of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as an organic solvent in the process of synthesis was determined. On the one hand, PVP stabilizes the process of Gd2O3 crystals formation, preventing their uncontrolled growth and aggregation. On the other hand, PVP serves as a fuel during decomposition (combustion) increasing the temperature of reaction and thus influencing the structural and emission properties of phosphors. It is shown that drying of the initial homogeneous solution containing gadolinium and neodymium salts and PVP at the room temperature for 24 hours followed by thermal treatment at the temperature of 1000 °C for 2 hours allow formation of highly luminescent Gd2O3:Nd3+ near-infrared phosphors. The crystals grown are characterized mainly by the cubic structure and an average size of 40 nm. Experimental results confirmed that the developed method is appropriate for modification of a structure of silica hollow-core antiresonant fibers with thin-film coatings based on the synthesized material and does not result in structural and phase conversion of Gd2O3 crystals. It is found out that emission spectra of nanoscale Gd2O3:Nd3+ phosphors formed by the polymer-salt method at the temperatures of 550 °C and 1000 °C are identical, as follows: 1) the shape of the luminescence peaks is the same for the two mentioned regimes of thermal treatment regardless of intensity, 2) the main luminescence peak is located near the wavelength of 1064 nm and corresponds to a 4F3/2-4I11/2 electron transition, 3) additional luminescence peaks are located close to 900 nm and 1340 nm and refer to 4F3/2-4I9/2 and 4F3/2-4I13/2 electron transitions respectively.
Correction: General Audience Engagement With Antismoking Public Health Messages Across Multiple Social Media Sites: Comparative Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Reuter Katja , Wilson Melissa L , Moran Meghan , Le NamQuyen , Angyan Praveen , Majmundar Anuja , Kaiser Elsi M , Unger Jennifer B
Published: February 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

REMOVE
LEARNING OBJECTIVE OF THE ANATOMY CIRCULATION SYSTEM FOR THE MEDICAL STUDENTS: A DELPHI STUDY
Authors: Al Mubarokah Marwatunnisa , Munawaroh Siti , Hastami Yunia , Wiyono Nanang
Published: February 2021

Background: Anatomy is basic science that is important for preclinical students, clinics, and specialists. The development of medical science led to a reduced allocation of learning time in Anatomy. The imbalance between the amount of learning material with time allocation makes various effective teaching methods carried out and examined. The learning objectives guide the faculty in selecting teaching methods as well as appropriate evaluation to measure the progress of student understanding. This study aims to obtain detailed anatomical learning objectives regarding the circulation system for medical students as part of the development of the medical curriculum in Indonesia.Method: This research is qualitative research with the modified Delphi method. The research subjects were anatomy lecturers in Indonesia who. The first round of the Delphi questionnaire was filled out by selecting the Bloom cognition domain between C1-C6 and the respondent composing the sentence of learning objectives according to the core material. The second round of respondents was asked to choose an important level from each point of learning objectives on the Likert Scale 1-4. The consensus level chosen is that 60% of the panel chooses on level 3 or 4.The results of the second round are then processed to ensure the most appropriate selection of operational verbs and cognitive domains.Results: The first Delphi round resulted in 74 learning objectives from 110 core material points with the cognitive domain between C1-C3. While the second round, Delphi generates 59 learning objectives. The third round which was not part of the Delphi method, these results were then consulted to anatomists of the circulatory system and came up with the 32 learning objectives.Conclusion: The learning objectives of the circulation system that need to be known are 32 learning objectives, with cognitive domains varying between C1-C3, include cor, pericardium, mediastinum, arteries, veins, lymphatics system, prenatal and postnatal circulation, dan hepatic portal  system. Keywords: anatomy of circulatory system, Delphi method, anatomy learning objectives, lecturer consensus
BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES AND PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING: PITFALLS AND POSSIBLE IMPROVEMENT FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF TEACHERS AND STUDENTS
Authors: Renaldi Teuku , Usman Said , Syukri Maimun , Sofia Sofia , Syahrizal Dedy
Published: February 2021

Background: Basic medical sciences are essential foundation for the constructive learning of clinical sciences. Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala is currently implementing Problem-based learning (PBL) for basic medical sciences. Studies have been conducted in many places with inconsistently different results that it is impossible to draw theoretical and practical conclusions regarding the implementation of PBL for basic medical sciences. This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of PBL for basic medical sciences at Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala from the perspectives of pre-clinical teachers, clinical teachers and medical students.Methods: This is a qualitative study with a phenomenological approach. Respondents were pre-clinical teachers, clinical teachers and medical students. Data collection were carried out by using focused-group discussion (FGD). Data analysis was carried out qualitatively by using thematic analysis.Results: This study identified three themes: (1) integrated thematic blocks are not adequate for the learning of basic medical sciences, (2) inadequacy of basic medical sciences practice activities, and (3) possible improvements through curriculum revision.Conclusion: The implementation of PBL in the form of integrated blocks for basic medical sciences is not adequately constructive to prepare students to learn clinical sciences. Hybrid curriculum which incorporates conventional methods for basic medical sciences and PBL for clinical sciences is recommended to improve students’ constructive learning. Further studies on hybrid curriculum is needed to evaluate its effect of basic medical sciences. Keywords: Basic medical sciences, Problem-based learning (PBL), practical session, hybrid curriculum, constructive learning, self-directed learning.
Microbiological Profile of Nosocomial Infections Due to Gram Negative Lactose Non-fermentative Bacteria in A Teaching Hospital of Gujarat
Authors: Lakhani Sucheta J. , Mehta Sanjay J. , Panjwani Dipak M. , Lakhani Jitendra D.
Published: February 2021

Hospital acquired infections caused by Non-fermentative gram-negative bacteria (NFGNB) have features that are of specific concern, detection of which is helpful for prevention and for better quality of healthcare in hospital premises. Present study was conducted to find out the nosocomial infections caused by NFGNB and its sensitivity pattern. Present microbiological study was carried out at C. U. Shah Medical College. Clinical samples which were included in this study were in accordance with inclusion criteria laid down in the research protocol, which were obtained during January 2018 to June 2020.Samples were collected and processed with the help of automated identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing instrument i.e. Vitek – 2 as per standard guidelines. Statistical analysis was done by Microsoft Excel. Total 385 were classified as NFGNB from 1000 confirmed isolates causing Hospital acquired infection (HAI). Respiratory site infection was most common type of HAI i.e. 48%. While most common isolate was Pseudomonas sp.i.e. 42% followed by Acinetobacter baumannii i.e. 31%. Medicine ward showed maximum isolates i.e. 33%, followed by Surgery ward i.e. 23%. Maximum NFGNB isolates encountered from sputum sample i.e. 25% while blood shows only 6%. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacinwere disclosedmaximum resistant. This study reports 385NFGNB isolates causing HAI. Such alarming resistance among NFGNB spreading the threat in medical care and epidemiology as they act as nosocomial pathogen. These isolated pathogens being the major cause of illness particularly in hospitalized patients.