bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OBSIDIAN PRODUCTION AND CHANGING CONSUMPTION IN THE LAKE PATZCUARO BASIN, MICHOACAN, MEXICO
Authors: Rebnegger Karin J.
Published: September 2010

Many Tarascan settlements surrounded Lake Patzcuaro in Michoacan, Mexico, during the Late Postclassic period. A hierarchy of settlements existed from the capital of Tzintzuntzan to secondary administration sites and small tributary communities. Obsidian artifacts from the large site, Erongaricuaro, have been studied by the author. Analysis of the obsidian from this site highlighted particular patterns in the production and consumption of prismatic blades and large scrapers. Data from another site, Urichu, was collected and analyzed more recently. Urichu was a tributary center to Erongaricuaro during the Tarascan empire. Local and state elites inhabited both sites, and analysis of obsidian manufacture indicates that the sites may have had different functions. Obsidian from the sites also varies by source location. This too may indicate site function and the changing sociopolitical organization of obsidian production and use throughout the Tarascan empire.
Interwar France and the Rural Exodus: The National Myth in Peril
Authors: LYNCH EDOUARD
Published: September 2010

Interwar France saw itself as a rural nation. The First World War, won in the muddy earth of the trenches, elevated the image of the ‘peasant soldier’ to a symbolic height. But paradoxically, it was during this period that the urban population overtook the rural. Against this backdrop, references to the noxious consequences of rural migration increased in frequency and virulence. The condemnation of rural migration was part of the celebration of a French national identity rooted in the past, the earth and other key agrarian values, such as thrift, hard work and property ownership. French peasants are perceived to be the last bearers of this value set. In other European countries too, the same ideological debate was at play. In Italy and Germany, in particular, the regimes were faced with a similar dilemma, championing a racially pure, rural, identity rooted in the past, whilst embracing a modernising revolution. Their parallel attempts at aligning these two ideas are richly suggestive.
Motoring and the British Countryside
Authors: JEREMIAH DAVID
Published: September 2010

The representation of the car in the countryside was central to selling the benefits of motoring and owning a car in the interwar period. Motor traffic was a key part of the debate and legislation on the countryside, in the context of land for building and food production, and scenery for pleasure and reassurance of what it meant to be English. This essay focuses on the impact of the motor car as it generated a new economy for rural Britain with new services, buildings and roads that changed the landscape and made the countryside more accessible. It shows how the motoring press and advertising campaigns exploited an imagined ‘Beautiful Britain’ and brought about a modernisation that set in place aspects of the use, values and culture of the British countryside that have remained to the present.
Interwar Hungarian Entertainment Films and the Reinvention of Rural Modernity
Authors: MANCHIN ANNA
Published: September 2010

In interwar debates about Hungarian modernity, the countryside played a prominent symbolic role. For conservative nationalists, the Hungarian countryside became a symbol and source of authentic, ‘traditional’ Hungarian national culture, unchanging, hierarchical, ordered society and stable community, and national uniqueness. Entertainment films of the 1930s provided alternative representations of the countryside that upheld the possibility of modernising traditional Hungary. According to the films, modern Hungary would be created at the intersection and out of the cooperation between rural and urban, modern and traditional. The films questioned and challenged the idea that the rural was ‘pure’, authentic, untainted, but they also rejected the idea that it was shameful, hopelessly backward, or unable to change. Showing the countryside as both traditional and part of modern mass culture, as both nostalgically stable and an exotic vacationland, the films offered an integrative vision of Hungary which destabilised assumptions of both liberals and conservatives. Popular films used the countryside to provide a unique and alternative vision of modern Hungary that was integrative and reconciliatory; they provided an outlet for a liberal, democratic, capitalist perspective unavailable elsewhere in the public sphere.
Klinische Facetten des hereditären Angioödems bei einem Schweizer Patientenkollektiv
Authors: Wais-Nöcker  , Steiner  , Späth  , Wuillemin
Published: September 2010

Das hereditäre Angioödem (HAE) ist eine seltene autosomal dominant vererbte Erkrankung. Bei dieser Studie wurden von 40 betroffenen Patienten retrospektiv anamnestische, klinische und therapeutische Ergebnisse ausgewertet. 39 gehörten dem Typ I, einer dem Typ II des HAE an. Die Latenz zwischen Erstmanifestation und Diagnosestellung betrug median 10 Jahre. Zwei Betroffene hatten bisher keine Symptome, 36 Patienten litten an rezidivierender, selbstlimitierender abdominaler Symptomatik (Krämpfe, Erbrechen, Diarrhö), 32 Patienten zusätzlich an Ödemen im Bereich der (Sub-)Kutis. In 30% der Fälle kam es zu Beschwerden der Luftwege, zwei Patienten mussten bei einem Larynxödem intubiert werden. Bei 25 Patientinnen zeigte sich eine Verschlechterung der Erkrankung bei Hormonveränderung. Eine Langzeittherapie hatten 19, eine Therapie nur im Schub 10, ohne Therapie waren 11 Patienten.
Molekulare Marker in der Hämatologie und Onkologie
Authors: Schmidt
Published: September 2010

Die molekulare Diagnostik untersucht die Grundbausteine des Genoms nach Aberrationen, die für Diagnostik, Prognosestellung und Therapie relevant sind. Sie baut im Wesentlichen auf PCR-basierten Methoden (qualitative und quantitative Analyse, RT-PCR, nested PCR, Schmelzkurvenanalyse, Sequenzierung) auf. Der Hausarzt oder Spitalinternist kommt mit ihr u.a. in Berührung bei Thrombophilieabklärungen (Faktor-V-Leiden-Mutation, Prothrombingen-Mutation), myeloproliferativen Neoplasien (JAK2-Mutation, BCR-ABL) oder der Hämochromatose. Für den Spezialisten zeigt sich ihr Wert auch für Diagnostik und Therapiemonitoring der akuten und chronischen Leukämien, von Lymphomen, familiären Polyglobulien und verschiedenen soliden Tumoren (v.a. Mammakarzinom und Kolorektalkarzinom) sowie bei Transfusionsrefraktärität, vermuteten Störungen im Arzneimittelmetabolismus und bei der Planung einer allogenen Stammzelltransplantation.
Elterliche Psychopathologie, Aggression und Depression bei Kindern und Jugendlichen
Authors: Schlack Robert , Hölling Heike , Erhart Michael , Petermann Franz , Ravens-Sieberer Ulrike
Published: September 2010

Aggressiv-dissoziales Verhalten und depressive Symptome treten bei Kindern und Jugendlichen auch gemeinsam auf. Eine solche Komorbidität zweier unterschiedlicher Störungsbilder kann oft durch einen gemeinsamen Risikofaktor erklärt werden. Aus der bevölkerungsbezogenen BELLA-Studie wurde aus insgesamt 1356 Teilnehmern im Altern von elf bis 17 Jahren (51.6 % Jungen) eine Risikogruppe aggressiver Kinder und Jugendlicher (n = 422; 68.7 % Jungen) identifiziert und untersucht, ob und inwieweit die Beziehungen zwischen elterlicher Psychopathologie und einer der beiden Störungen von der jeweils anderen Störung vermittelt werden. Hierzu wurden alters- und geschlechtsadjustierte Mediatoranalysen durchgeführt. Die Analysen wurden stratifiziert, je nachdem ob sich die Kinder und Jugendlichen als vorwiegend proaktiv (n = 145; 52.4 % Jungen), reaktiv (n = 173; 76.3 % Jungen) oder reaktiv-proaktiv (n = 104; 78.8 % Jungen) aggressiv einstuften. Für alle Risikogruppen mediierte sowohl aggressiv-dissoziales Verhalten den Pfad auf Depression als auch Depression den Pfad auf aggressiv-dissziales Verhalten. Die Varianzaufklärung der Modelle war für proaktiv- und reaktiv-aggressive Jugendliche deutlich höher, wenn Depression den Pfad von elterlicher Psychopathologie auf aggressiv-dissoziales Verhalten mediierte. Für reaktiv-proaktiv aggressive Kinder und Jugendliche war dieses Verhältnis umgekehrt. Die Ergebnisse werden vor dem Hintergrund aktueller Ergebnisse und Komorbiditätskonzepte diskutiert.
Semidirect radiative forcing of internal mixed black carbon cloud droplet and its regional climatic effect over China
Authors: Zhuang B. L. , Liu L. , Shen F. H. , Wang T. J. , Han Y.
Published: September 2010

Black carbon (BC) is one of the most important atmospheric aerosols. It can exert a positive radiative forcing by absorbing solar radiation and a negative radiative forcing by acting as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) at the top of the atmosphere (TOA). Furthermore, cloud droplets with BC can absorb more solar radiation and reduce their single‐scattering albedo (SSA), leading to a positive cloud radiative forcing (SSA forcing) at TOA. Here we include such a process into the coupled modeling system (RegCCMS) which consists of a regional climate model (RegCM3) and a tropospheric atmosphere chemistry model (TACM) to investigate BC loading, SSA forcing, and its climatic responses in different seasons over China. The year 2003 was selected as the base year for this study. Results show high BC loadings in Sichuan, Hebei, and Shandong provinces with weak seasonal variations. The national average SSA forcing due to the cloud droplets absorption is 0.04, 0.096, 0.085, and 0.056 W/m2 at TOA, while −0.05, −0.14, −0.12, and −0.077 W/m2 at the surface in January, April, July, and October, respectively. It can reach as much as 0.6 W/m2 at TOA and −0.8 W/m2 at the surface in the regions with high BC concentration and cloud cover. Numerical experiments indicate that internal mixed BC and cloud droplet can absorb more solar radiation, then heat the air, hence reducing the cloud cover and increasing vertical velocity. On the other hand, more solar absorption due to mixture droplets can alter atmospheric and hydrologic cycle, which consequently changes the distribution of cloud cover and eventually affects surface air temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation. Given an above 90% confidence level of statistical significance of linear correlation between SSA forcing and climate changes, surface air temperature changes for 4 months vary from −0.0022 to +0.0103 K and precipitation changes range from −0.0047 in January to 0.029 mm/d in April. These changes show an extremely large seasonal variation; so do those of cloud amount (Max: −0.066%) and solar flux (Max: 0.21 W/m2). Owing to the small SSA forcing, its climatic responses are easily masked by internal model variability in summer season, especially for precipitation and cloud. Even so, small SSA forcing in colder seasons may lead to noticeable local surface drought or cooling. For example, precipitation decreases in Yangtze River Basin reaching 1.2 mm/d in October; surface air temperatures decrease by 0.2 to 0.4 K in east China in April. It is obvious that SSA forcing and its climate responses are weaker compared to BC direct, indirect, and semidirect effects. However, it does have nonnegligible influence on regional climate changes over China.
Angular dependence of tunnel magnetoresistance in magnetic tunnel junctions and specific aspects in spin-filtering devices
Authors: Montaigne F. , Tiusan C. , Hehn M.
Published: September 2010

We propose a general formalism to describe accurately the angular dependence of the magnetoresistance. A parabolic band model is used to determine without approximation the conductance of arbitrary complex heterostructures. Simple analytical expressions are obtained in some limit cases. Particularly, we show that significant deviation from the cosine dependence is expected for ferromagnetic barriers. Numerical computations are used to quantify the deviation from the cosine dependence for normal and ferromagnetic barriers and support the precedent conclusion. Finally, the influence of the applied voltage on the angular dependence of magnetoresistance is discussed.
Image states at the interface with a dipolar organic semiconductor
Authors: Steele Mary P. , Blumenfeld Michael L. , Monti Oliver L. A.
Published: September 2010

Image states of the dipolar organic semiconductor vanadyl naphthalocyanine on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite are investigated in the submonolayer to few monolayer regime. The presence of a significant molecular dipole in the organized thin films leads to a strong modification of the image states with coverage. In the 0–1 ML regime, we observe successive stabilization of the image state with increasing coverage. Above 1 ML, a new image state develops, corresponding to the screened interaction at the organic semiconductor/substrate interface. We show that the evolution of the observed image states can be understood on the basis of resonance-enhanced anion formation in the presence of strong electric fields. These data represent a step toward understanding the influence of electrostatic fields on electronic structure at organic semiconductor interfaces.
Scanning microwave microscopy/spectroscopy on metal-oxide-semiconductor systems
Authors: Smoliner J. , Huber H. P. , Hochleitner M. , Moertelmaier M. , Kienberger F.
Published: September 2010

In this paper, an analytical model for capacitance measurements by scanning microwave microscopy (SMM)/scanning microwave spectroscopy is presented. The tip-sample interactions are included by using the physics of metal-oxide-semiconductor junctions and the influence of various experimental parameters, such as the operation frequency, tip bias, tip area, oxide thickness, and sample doping are discussed. For calibrated carrier profiling it is shown that all relevant operation parameters of the SMM can be condensed into a single calibration constant and that the sample doping is obtained by using a simple analytical formula.
Effect of input power and gas pressure on the roughening and selective etching of SiO2/Si surfaces in reactive plasmas
Authors: Zhong X. X. , Tam E. , Huang X. Z. , Colpo P. , Rossi F. , Ostrikov K.
Published: September 2010

We report on the application low-temperature plasmas for roughening Si surfaces which is becoming increasingly important for a number of applications ranging from Si quantum dots to cell and protein attachment for devices such as “laboratory on a chip” and sensors. It is a requirement that Si surface roughening is scalable and is a single-step process. It is shown that the removal of naturally forming SiO2 can be used to assist in the roughening of the surface using a low-temperature plasma-based etching approach, similar to the commonly used in semiconductor micromanufacturing. It is demonstrated that the selectivity of SiO2/Si etching can be easily controlled by tuning the plasma power, working gas pressure, and other discharge parameters. The achieved selectivity ranges from 0.4 to 25.2 thus providing an effective means for the control of surface roughness of Si during the oxide layer removal, which is required for many advance applications in bio- and nanotechnology.
Impurity doping in self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dots by selection of growth steps
Authors: Inoue Tomoya , Kido Satoshi , Sasayama Kengo , Kita Takashi , Wada Osamu
Published: September 2010

We carry out Si doping in InAs/GaAs quantum dots (QDs) by selecting appropriate steps of the self-assembling growth process. The self-assembling growth process of QDs consists of nucleation, assembling, self-limiting, and dissolving steps. The electrical conductivity of the QDs doped at the various growth steps has been investigated by conductive atomic force microscopy. The two-dimensional current images demonstrate that the spatial carrier distribution remarkably depends on the growth steps. When Si impurities are introduced into QDs during the assembling step, carriers are preferentially incorporated in the QDs. Furthermore, the doped QDs lead to enhancement of the photoluminescence intensity and to suppression of the temperature quenching of the intensity.
Analytical low-frequency noise model in the linear region of lightly doped nanoscale double-gate metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors
Authors: Ioannidis E. G. , Theodorou C. G. , Tsormpatzoglou A. , Tassis D. H. , Papathanasiou K. , Dimitriadis C. A. , Jomaah J. , Ghibaudo G.
Published: September 2010

An analytical model for the transconductance to drain current ratio (gm/Id) of lightly doped nanoscale double-gate metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (DG MOSFETs) has been developed in the weak inversion and from linear to saturation region, using the conductive path potential approach. The obtained analytical model for gm/Id in the weak inversion has been extended in the strong inversion and in the linear region including the short-channel effects, as well as the surface roughness scattering, series resistance, and saturation velocity effects. The obtained gm/Id model from weak to strong inversion has been verified by comparing simulation and experimental results of DG MOSFET with gate length 50 nm and it has been implemented in modeling the 1/f low-frequency noise. The introduced noise model has been validated by developing a Verilog-A transistor noise model, which is in good agreement with the experimental noise results of DG MOSFET with gate length 50 nm in the linear region from weak to strong inversion.
Morphological evolution in a strained-heteroepitaxial solid droplet on a rigid substrate: Dynamical simulations
Authors: Ogurtani Tarik Omer , Celik Aytac , Oren Ersin Emre
Published: September 2010

A systematic study based on the self-consistent dynamical simulations is presented for the spontaneous evolution of an isolated thin solid droplet (bump) on a rigid substrate, which is driven by the surface drift diffusion induced by the capillary and mismatch stresses. In this study, we mainly focused on the development kinetics of the “Stranski–Krastanow” island type morphology, initiated by the nucleation route rather than the surface roughening scheme. The physicomathematical model, which bases on the irreversible thermodynamics treatment of surfaces and interfaces with singularities [T. O. Ogurtani, J. Chem. Phys. 124, 144706 (2006)], furnishes us to have autocontrol on the otherwise free-motion of the triple junction contour line between the substrate and the droplet without presuming any equilibrium dihedral contract (wetting) angles at the edges. During the development of the bell-shaped Stranski–Krastanow island through the mass accumulation at the central region of the droplet via surface drift diffusion with and/or without growth, the formation of an extremely thin wetting layer is observed. This wetting layer has a thickness of a fraction of a nanometer and covers not only the initial computation domain but also its further extension beyond the original boundaries. We also observed the formation of the multiple islands separated by shallow wetting layers above a certain threshold level of the mismatch strain and/or the size (i.e., volume) of the droplets. This threshold level depends on the initial physicochemical data and the aspect ratio (i.e., shape) of the original droplets. During the course of the simulations, we continuously tracked both the morphology (i.e., the peak height, the extension of the wetting layer beyond the domain boundaries, and the triple junction contact angle) and energetic (the global Helmholtz free energy changes associated with the total strain and surface energy variations) in the system. We observed that the morphology related quantities are reaching certain saturation limits or plateaus, when the growth mode is turned-off. On the other hand, the global Helmholtz free energy showed a steady decrease in time even though the total surface free energy of the droplet reaches a stationary value as expected a priori. Based on these observations and according to the accepted irreversible thermodynamic terminology as coined by celebrated Prigogine, we state that the Stranski–Krastanow type island morphologies are genuine stationary nonequilibrium states.
Enzyme mediated synthesis of phytochelatin-capped CdS nanocrystals
Authors: Liu Fang , Kang Seung Hyun , Lee Young-In , Choa Yong-ho , Mulchandani Ashok , Myung Nosang V. , Chen Wilfred
Published: September 2010

We reported the enzyme mediated synthesis of CdS nanocrystals by immobilized phytochelatin synthase, which converts glutathione into the metal-binding peptide phytochelatin (PC). Formation of CdS nanocrystals were observed upon the addition of CdCl2 and Na2S with PC as the capping agent. By varying the reaction times, different compositions of PCs (form PC2 to PC3) can be synthesized, resulting in the formation of highly stable nanocrystals with tunable sizes (from 2.0 to 1.6 nm diameter). This approach may be generalized to guide the in vitro self assembly of a wide range of nanocrystals with different compositions and sizes.
Size-dependent structural and electronic properties of ZnS nanofilms: An ab initio study
Authors: Zhang Xuejuan , Zhang Hongyu , He Tao , Zhao Mingwen
Published: September 2010

The stable configurations and electronic properties of (0001)/(0001¯)-surfaces-derivated ZnS nanofilms (NFs) were investigated using first-principles calculations. The size-dependent stable configurations of these NFs are characterized by a graphiticlike structure-NF (G-NF), a film terminated by (0001)/(0001¯) surfaces, and a new phase composed of quadrilateral-octagon network-NF (QO-NF), respectively. Their formation energies with respect to bulk crystal are proportional to the inverse of film thickness, except the G-NFs. The QO-NFs are more stable than the polar (0001)/(0001¯) NFs when the film thickness is smaller than 66 Å. The (0001)/(0001¯)-terminated NFs are metallic, while the others are direct-band-gap semiconductors. Surface reconstruction and possible stabilization mechanisms of the polar (0001)/(0001¯) surfaces were also discussed.
Au on vapor-liquid-solid grown Si nanowires: Spreading of liquid AuSi from the catalytic seed
Authors: Dailey Eric , Madras Prashanth , Drucker Jeff
Published: September 2010

The presence and configuration of Au on the sidewalls of vapor-liquid-solid grown Si nanowires (NWs) was investigated using analytical (scanning) transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The relationship between growth conditions and Au/Si interface thermodynamics is shown to have a profound effect on NW growth. For some growth conditions, liquid AuSi can spread from the seed at the NW tip along the sidewalls during growth. This liquid film will phase separate and solidify, forming small Au clusters as the NW is cooled from the growth temperature. Growth conditions are correlated with the variety of Au cluster configurations found. The observed behavior can be explained by considering the thermodynamics of droplet spreading on cylinders.
Detailed investigation of the conducting channel in poly(3-hexylthiophene) field effect transistors
Authors: von Hauff Elizabeth , Johnen Fabian , Tunc Ali Veysel , Govor Leonid , Parisi Jürgen
Published: September 2010

In this study, the conducting channel in poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) organic field effect transistors (OFETs) was investigated. The effect of varying the P3HT layer thickness on the OFET parameters was studied. The threshold voltage and the field effect mobility were determined from both the linear and saturation regime of the OFET output characteristics for all film thicknesses and the results are compared and discussed. A gated four probe technique was used to investigate the formation and evolution of the conducting channel by monitoring changes in potential at different points in the channel during measurement. It was found that the device performance of the OFETs was significantly influenced by the thickness of the P3HT layer. Bulk currents were found to dominate device performance for thicker P3HT layers.
Effect of the gate electrode on the response of organic electrochemical transistors
Authors: Tarabella Giuseppe , Santato Clara , Yang Sang Yoon , Iannotta Salvatore , Malliaras George G. , Cicoira Fabio
Published: September 2010

Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are attracting a great deal of interest for biosensing and bioelectronics applications. However, their device physics is not yet well-understood. In this paper, we focus on the effect of the gate electrode material on the response of OECTs. We studied OECTs made from the conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrene sulfonate), and which utilized halide electrolytes. We demonstrate that OECTs with Ag gate electrodes show larger current modulation compared to OECTs with Pt gate electrodes. This effect is due to a change in the OECT regime of operation from capacitive, in case of a Pt gate electrode, to Faradaic, in the case of an Ag electrode.
Structural insights into the pH-controlled targeting of plant cell-wall invertase by a specific inhibitor protein
Authors: Hothorn Michael , Van den Ende Wim , Lammens Willem , Rybin Vladimir , Scheffzek Klaus
Published: September 2010

Invertases are highly regulated enzymes with essential functions in carbohydrate partitioning, sugar signaling, and plant development. Here we present the 2.6 Å crystal structure of Arabidopsis cell-wall invertase 1 (INV1) in complex with a protein inhibitor (CIF, or
c
ell-wall
i
nhibitor of β-
f
ructosidase) from tobacco. The structure identifies a small amino acid motif in CIF that directly targets the invertase active site. The activity of INV1 and its interaction with CIF are strictly pH-dependent with a maximum at about pH 4.5. At this pH, isothermal titration calorimetry reveals that CIF tightly binds its target with nanomolar affinity. CIF competes with sucrose (Suc) for the same binding site, suggesting that both the extracellular Suc concentration and the pH changes regulate association of the complex. A conserved glutamate residue in the complex interface was previously identified as an important quantitative trait locus affecting fruit quality, which implicates the invertase–inhibitor complex as a main regulator of carbon partitioning in plants. Comparison of the CIF/INV1 structure with the complex between the structurally CIF-related pectin methylesterase inhibitor (PMEI) and pectin methylesterase indicates a common targeting mechanism in PMEI and CIF. However, CIF and PMEI use distinct surface areas to selectively inhibit very different enzymatic scaffolds.
The experience of time in analysis
Authors: Maffei Giuseppe
Published: September 2010

The experience of time during analysis has very peculiar characteristics. This article describes how in the analytical experience the analyst and his patient may create an intermediate time that relates internal time with the time of the world. The experience of temporality as created by the successful encounter between the time of the world, the subject's history, and the time of the other, together with the inner rhythm of desire, is the result of a permanent effort of working through in which the analyst can neglect neither the personal needs of each of his patients nor those imposed by the outside world.

At the end of a successful creation of a temporal experience, the experience of desire is important. The object of desire is not the object of possession. In fantasy, possession is atemporal. On the contrary, the experience of desire is deeply temporal. The existence of desires forms an illusion of the possibility of possession, but a total possession would destroy desire. We love whom we desire, and desire whom we love, and we love more when love keeps its autonomy and leaves us a space to love more.
Combining peer review and metrics to assess journals for inclusion in Scopus
Authors: KÄHLER Ove
Published: September 2010

Peer review has been in place for centuries as an accepted process to validate manuscripts submitted for publication in scientific journals. Yet a similarly rigorous assessment of content also happens a level up, when looking at the quality of journals that apply for indexing in bibliographic databases. Scopus, an abstract & citation database provided by Elsevier, indexing 18,000 scientific titles, is receiving an increasing number of title suggestions; in 2009 this grew to almost 5,000 in that year alone. Some of the suggested journals are dedicated to niche areas and/or are published in other languages than English. To ensure a fair and transparent evaluation of these titles and to address the rising interest in being indexed, Scopus redesigned its entire title evaluation process – basing it on a metrical scorecard and on the principles of peer review. By developing an online editorial system – the Scopus Title Evaluation Platform (STEP) – Scopus also created the prerequisite of an improved communication with publishers and editors about their journals.
Book Reviews
Authors: BALKWILL Richard
Published: September 2010

COPYRIGHT – interpreting the law for libraries, archives and information services Graham Cornish London, Facet Publishing 2009 (5th edn), 208 pp. ISBN 978‐1‐85604‐664‐0, £44.95 pbk
Morphological study on pentacene thin-film transistors: the influence of grain boundary on the electrical properties
Authors: Chen Fang-Chung , Chen Ying-Pin , Huang Yu-Jen , Chien Shang-Chieh
Published: September 2010

We have prepared organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) featuring pentacene molecules deposited at various substrate temperatures onto either hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS)- or poly(α-methylsyrene) (PαMS)-treated SiO2 surfaces. As a result, we obtained different grain boundary densities in the conducting channel. Since the surface-modified devices featured similar grain boundary densities in their active layers, but displayed different electrical performances, we suspected that different trap states probably existed at the grain boundaries for the two different kinds of OTFTs. In addition, the surface morphologies of the initial layers featured grain boundaries that were rather blurred for the thin films prepared on the PαMS-treated substrates, whereas shallow boundaries appeared for the pentacene layers on the HMDS-treated surfaces. Therefore, we deduced that the different surface treatment processes resulted in different Schwoebel (step-edge) barriers, and hence, different morphologies. These results suggested that different trap states existed at the grain boundaries of the two types of surface-treated devices, leading to variations in the electrical performance, even though the grain boundary densities were similar.
Electrical characterization of the ITO/NiPc/PEDOT : PSS junction diode
Authors: Shah Mutabar , Sayyad M H , Karimov Kh S , Wahab Fazal
Published: September 2010

This paper reports on the fabrication and characterization of an ITO/NiPc/PEDOT : PSS junction diode. A thin film of nickel phthalocyanine (NiPc) was deposited by the thermal vacuum deposition method on indium tin oxide (ITO) used as a substrate. The current–voltage characteristics of the diode were measured at room temperature under dark condition and showed rectifying behaviour. The values of several electrical parameters such as ideality factor, barrier height, conductivity, and series and shunt resistances were calculated.
Photon cascade luminescence from Pr3+ ions in LiPrP4O12 polyphosphate
Authors: Shalapska T , Stryganyuk G , Romanyshyn Yu , Trots D , Demchenko P , Gektin A , Voloshinovskii A , Dorenbos P
Published: September 2010

The spectral-kinetic properties of luminescence from LiY1−x
Pr
x
P4O12 (x = 1, 0.1) phosphors are studied in the 10–300 K temperature range upon excitation within the UV–VUV spectral range. The luminescence observed for LiPrP4O12 at low temperatures is attributed to both intra-configurational 4f2 → 4f2 and inter-configurational 4f5d → 4f2 radiative transitions of Pr3+. The temperature dependence of emission and the decay kinetics of Pr3+ luminescence from LiY1−x
Pr
x
P4O12 (x = 1, 0.1) phosphors are explained by temperature stimulated transitions from the 1S0 to the Pr3+ 4f5d state. At low temperatures, the energy potential barrier between the 1S0 and 4f5d states is 0.014 eV for LiPrP4O12. The spectral overlap of the 1S0 and 4f5d states of Pr3+ in LiY0.9Pr0.1P4O12 determines the luminescence properties in the entire temperature range studied.
Prediction of atrial fibrillation in patients with an implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator and heart failure
Authors: Bertini Matteo , Borleffs C. Jan Willem , Delgado Victoria , Ng Arnold C.T. , Piers Sebastiaan R.D. , Shanks Miriam , Antoni M. Louisa , Biffi Mauro , Boriani Giuseppe , Schalij Martin J. , Bax Jeroen J. , Van de Veire Nico R.L.
Published: September 2010

Aims

Heart failure and atrial fibrillation (AF) frequently coexist and AF worsens heart failure prognosis. Device‐based diagnostics derived from implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) interrogation provide an accurate method for detecting AF episodes. This study sought to determine clinical and echocardiographic predictors of AF occurrence, including an index of total atrial conduction time derived by tissue Doppler imaging (PA‐TDI duration), in patients with heart failure. Moreover, the role of PA‐TDI duration on the prediction of AF occurrence in subgroups of patients with and without history of AF was explored.

Methods and results

A cohort of 495 heart failure patients who underwent ICD implantation was studied. Baseline echocardiographic parameters of systolic and diastolic function were evaluated together with clinical parameters. Furthermore, PA‐TDI duration was measured. All patients were prospectively followed up after ICD implantation for AF occurrence detected by ICD interrogation. A total of 142 (29%) patients experienced AF over a follow‐up period of 16.4 ± 11.2 months. PA‐TDI duration was longer in patients with AF occurrence when compared with patients without AF occurrence (154 ± 27 vs. 135 ± 24 ms, P < 0.001). On Cox‐multivariable analysis, female gender [hazard ratio = 1.60; 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 1.09–2.35; P = 0.017], history of AF (hazard ratio = 2.22; 95% CI, 1.51–3.27; P < 0.001), and PA‐TDI duration (hazard ratio = 1.27; 95% CI, 1.13–1.42; P < 0.001) were independent predictors of AF occurrence. In the subgroups of patients with and without history of AF, PA‐TDI duration remained an independent predictor of AF occurrence.

Conclusion

PA‐TDI duration may be useful to risk‐stratify for AF occurrence in heart failure patients with and without a history of AF.
A centronuclear myopathy-dynamin 2 mutation impairs skeletal muscle structure and function in mice
Authors: Durieux Anne-Cécile , Vignaud Alban , Prudhon Bernard , Viou Mai Thao , Beuvin Maud , Vassilopoulos Stéphane , Fraysse Bodvaël , Ferry Arnaud , Lainé Jeanne , Romero Norma B. , Guicheney Pascale , Bitoun Marc
Published: September 2010

Autosomal dominant centronuclear myopathy (AD-CNM) is due to mutations in the gene encoding dynamin 2 (DNM2) involved in endocytosis and intracellular membrane trafficking. To understand the pathomechanisms resulting from a DNM2 mutation, we generated a knock-in mouse model expressing the most frequent AD-CNM mutation (KI-Dnm2R465W). Heterozygous (HTZ) mice developed a myopathy showing a specific spatial and temporal muscle involvement. In the primarily and prominently affected tibialis anterior muscle, impairment of the contractile properties was evidenced at weaning and was progressively associated with atrophy and histopathological abnormalities mainly affecting mitochondria and reticular network. Expression of genes involved in ubiquitin–proteosome and autophagy pathways was up-regulated during DNM2-induced atrophy. In isolated muscle fibers from wild-type and HTZ mice, Dnm2 localized in regions of intense membrane trafficking (I-band and perinuclear region), emphasizing the pathophysiological hypothesis in which DNM2-dependent trafficking would be altered. In addition, HTZ fibers showed an increased calcium concentration as well as an intracellular Dnm2 and dysferlin accumulation. A similar dysferlin retention, never reported so far in congenital myopathies, was also demonstrated in biopsies from DNM2-CNM patients and can be considered as a new marker to orientate direct genetic testing. Homozygous (HMZ) mice died during the first hours of life. Impairment of clathrin-mediated endocytosis, demonstrated in HMZ embryonic fibroblasts, could be the cause of lethality. Overall, this first mouse model of DNM2-related myopathy shows the crucial role of DNM2 in muscle homeostasis and will be a precious tool to study DNM2 functions in muscle, pathomechanisms of DNM2-CNM and developing therapeutic strategies.
Judgments of a Relationship Partner: Specific Accuracy but Global Enhancement
Authors: Neff Lisa A. , Karney Benjamin R.
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT How do partners in satisfying close relationships perceive each other? Some argue that relationships benefit from each partner having an accurate view of the other, while others maintain that partners benefit when they perceive each other in the most positive light possible. The current paper proposes that each of these benefits operates at a separate level of abstraction. Specifically, we propose that satisfied partners tend to be accurate in their specific perceptions of each other, but enhancing in their global evaluations. To address hypotheses derived from this model, global and specific perceptions of self and partner were obtained from a sample of 82 newlywed couples. Results indicate that: 1) trait perceptions assessed by different commonly used measures differ significantly in their breadth; 2) broader or more global traits are rated as significantly more desirable and important; 3) spouses in satisfying marriages describe their partners' positive traits in more global terms and their negative traits in more specific terms; and 4) spouses perceive each other more accurately on specific traits than global traits.
Self‐Pity: Exploring the Links to Personality, Control Beliefs, and Anger
Authors: Stöber Joachim
Published: September 2010

Self‐pity is a frequent response to stressful events. So far, however, empirical research has paid only scant attention to this subject. The present article aims at exploring personality characteristics associated with individual differences in feeling sorry for oneself. Two studies with N=141 and N=161 university students were conducted, employing multidimensional measures of personality, control beliefs, anger, loneliness, and adult attachment. With respect to personality, results showed strong associations of self‐pity with neuroticism, particularly with the depression facet. With respect to control beliefs, individuals high in self‐pity showed generalized externality beliefs, seeing themselves as controlled by both chance and powerful others. With respect to anger expression, self‐pity was primarily related to anger‐in. Strong connections with anger rumination were also found. Furthermore, individuals high in self‐pity reported emotional loneliness and ambivalent‐worrisome attachments. Finally, in both studies, a strong correlation with gender was found, with women reporting more self‐pity reactions to stress than men. Findings are discussed with respect to how they support, extend, and qualify the previous literature on self‐pity, and directions for future empirical research are pointed out.

There are a hundred ways to overcome an obstacle and one sure way not to—self‐pity.  

Dale Dauten, columnist
Introduction to Stephen G. West's Murray Award Address
Authors: Thorne Avril
Published: September 2010

I am honored to introduce Stephen G. West, the winner of the Henry A. Murray Award for Outstanding Contributions to Personology and the Study of Human Lives. Steve's contributions as a methodologist and statistician are appreciated by anyone who has struggled with complex interactions and unusual research designs. These empirical innovations have contributed enormously to broadening and deepening the kinds of data that can be used to study personality. Perhaps less apparent, but crucial in his selection for this award, is Steve's leadership in diversifying the field of personality psychology. In his capacity as editor of the Journal of Personality in the 1980s and early 1990s, Steve effectively shepherded personology into the mainstream of personality research. Also important was Steve's willingness not only to mentor his own graduate students, but to rescue a considerable number of strays. In his generativity and inclusiveness, Steve has effectively elevated the field of personality and the persons within it.
A Motivational Analysis of Defensive Pessimism and Self‐Handicapping
Authors: Elliot Andrew J. , Church Marcy A.
Published: September 2010

Two studies examined motivational influences on and correlates of defensive pessimism and self‐handicapping and investigated the relationship between these two cognitive strategies and performance attainment. The findings indicated that defensive pessimism and self‐handicapping have similar motivational profiles, with the primary difference being that self‐handicapping represents the absence of approach motivation in the achievement domain, as well as the presence of avoidance motivation. Self‐handicapping, but not defensive pessimism, was shown to undermine performance‐attainment, and performance‐avoidance goals were validated as mediators of this negative relationship. Issues regarding the functional nature of the two cognitive strategies are discussed.
Taking Offense: Effects of Personality and Teasing History on Behavioral and Emotional Reactions to Teasing
Authors: Bollmer Julie M. , Harris Monica J. , Milich Richard , Georgesen John C.
Published: September 2010

Abstract This study investigated how global personality traits and teasing history are related to participants' emotional and behavioral reactions to an actual teasing event. College undergraduates (N=108) worked on a task with a same‐sex confederate. While interacting, the confederate either teased participants about how slowly they were working on the task or made a benign comment about the nature of the task. Analyses revealed that even mild teasing can generate negativity towards the teaser and interaction. More interestingly, however, personality moderated reactions to teasing, as teasing condition interacted with each of the Big Five personality domains in theoretically meaningful ways. Childhood teasing history also moderated reactions to teasing, as frequent victims and frequent teasers responded in different ways.
The effect of dohsa‐hou on body consciousness in disabled sportsmen
Authors: Dadkhah Asghar
Published: September 2010

In this study, body is considered to be the actual state of a person's existence and is not divided from the mind as the human organism. Body affects the self through body movement, and in this study the author considers that the clients' consciousness and feeling about their bodies has an effect upon their postural appearance and body movement. By applying dohsa training – a Japanese psycho‐rehabilitation method – to disabled sportsmen with problems regarding standing balance, standing firm on the ground (fumishime in Japanese), unbalanced walking, and poor coordination of hands and legs during walking and running, their change of body consciousness, change of body posture and movement, and possible change of sports performance are investigated. As a result of training, the public aspect of their body consciousness changed the most by experiencing a new mode of motor action which was different from the one they experienced before the training; they gained a better balance of their body while walking and running, and they improved their sports record time. The results indicated that this training is a useful method for helping disabled sportsmen to improve their body consciousness, to gain control over both their own bodies and minds, and that it may be useful in devising training programs for them.
Food choice in rats (Rattus norvegicus): the effect of exposure to a poisoned conspecific
Authors: Hishimura Yutaka
Published: September 2010

Three experiments were conducted to examine the effects of exposure to a poisoned conspecific on subsequent food aversion in rats. In Experiment 1A, rats that had been aversively conditioned to a cocoa‐flavored food were exposed to a poisoned conspecific that had eaten the same food. On the subsequent choice test, the animals increased their aversion to that food. These results were reconfirmed in Experiment 1B, in which a cinnamon‐flavored food was used as the stimulus. In Experiment 2, subjects were first exposed to a poisoned conspecific and then conditioned to the food which the conspecific had eaten. On the test, they showed no sign of increased aversion to that food.
The Relation of Patterns of Coping of Inner–City Youth to Psychopathology Symptoms
Authors: Tolan Patrick H. , Gorman–Smith Deborah , Henry David , Chung Kyu–suk , Hunt Marcy
Published: September 2010

This study provides empirical verification that variations in patterns of coping can explain current and future functioning of youth. The study evaluated the methods and styles of coping of inner–city youth and their relation to age, gender, ethnicity, stress levels, and internalizing and externalizing symptom levels. Three hundred seventy–two 12– to 16–year–old adolescents from inner–city schools (67.0% African American, 24.4% Hispanic; 53.41% males) participated. One hundred forty–nine were also included in a follow–up evaluation of the prospective relation of coping to functioning. A seven–factor model of coping methods was identified and found to be applicable across age groups, genders, and ethnic groups. The model was robust over time. Coping methods were categorized through cluster analysis into five styles. Styles were found to relate somewhat to demographic characteristics and stress levels. Controlling for demographic characteristics and stress levels, coping style related concurrently and prospectively to internalizing and externalizing symptom levels. Except in one instance, age, ethnicity, and gender did not interact with coping in predicting symptoms. Implications for further coping research and risk and intervention design are discussed.
Parent – Adolescent Relationships and Girls’ Unhealthy Eating: Testing Reciprocal Effects
Authors: Archibald Andrea Bastiani , Linver Miriam R. , Graber Julia A. , Brooks–Gunn Jeanne
Published: September 2010

This longitudinal study tested the direction of associations between parent –adolescent relationships and adolescent girls’ unhealthy eating. Girls (N= 184) were seen at Time 1 (M age = 14.30 years), and then again 2 years later (Time 2; M age = 16.04 years). At both assessment periods, they completed measures that assessed their eating attitudes and behaviors, relationships with their parents, height, weight, and age of menarche. Whereas unhealthy family relationships have been hypothesized as a precursor to unhealthy eating attitudes and behaviors, it is also possible that increases in these behaviors contribute to more negative relationships within the family. Structural equation modeling was employed to simultaneously investigate the longitudinal influence of parent – adolescent relationships on girls’ unhealthy eating, and girls’ unhealthy eating on parent – adolescent relationships. The model was tested with the following controls: body mass (kg/m2), pubertal timing and age. A longitudinal direct effect was found for unhealthy eating on parent– adolescent relationships; however, no direct effect was found for parent– adolescent relationships on unhealthy eating over time. For middle– and late–adolescent girls, it appears that unhealthy eating behaviors and attitudes are predictive of less positive parent – adolescent relationships over time.