bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ethical Versus Conventional Banking: A Case Study
Authors: Climent Francisco
Published: June 2018

The 2008 financial crisis has changed the structure of banking, generating public distrust in the conventional financial system. An alternative has emerged as a result of this lack of confidence. This alternative is known as ethical banking. A growing number of investors, asset managers, and financial intermediaries have incorporated sustainability considerations into their business practices. This paper discusses the origins of ethical banking and describes its primary characteristics. The goal is to determine whether ethical banking can be as profitable as conventional banking despite only investing in projects based on social values. A comparative analysis is performed to identify differences between an ethical bank (Triodos Bank) and a conventional bank (Banco Santander). The analysis was conducted to study the financial activity of both banks over a four-year period (2012–2015). The balance sheets, profit and loss accounts, liquidity ratios, indebtedness, and returns provided by both banks were analyzed. The results indicate that ethical banking is less profitable than conventional banking. Nevertheless, customers are attracted to the social investments and financial transparency that characterize ethical banking. Over the study period, Triodos Bank experienced a greater increase in the number of employees and the volume of loans and deposits than did Banco Santander. Triodos Bank invests in social and environmental projects. This investment approach makes it less profitable than Banco Santander.
Key Issues for Implementation of Environmental Planning Policy: Construction Management Practice
Authors: Maund Kim , Gajendran Thayaparan , Brewer Graham
Published: June 2018

A plethora of regulatory environmental planning policies constrain on-site construction operations, to theoretically minimise negative environmental impact and create sustainable practice. However, it is widely acknowledged that the construction sector continues to remain a significant cause of environmental degradation, even in contexts where policies and regulations exist. In this manner, a disparity exists between policy intent and policy outcome. The purpose of this study is to explore how policy implementation may influence the disparity between policy intent and policy outcome in the context of regulatory environmental planning policy and on-site construction environmental management operations. Importantly, the study moves beyond State authorities responsible for, inter alia, policy formulation and ratification, as it concentrates upon policy users: ground level implementation actors (government and non-government) and activities. Understanding key issues associated with policy implementation from the literature, a two-stage qualitative research design was adopted to explore policy implementation. In addition to key issues with policy implementation identified in the literature, the findings identified four context-specific conditions that impact upon successful implementation: policy operationalisation, organisational position, professional belief, and specialist knowledge and understanding. The implications demonstrate cultural change across the sector as fundamental for successful policy outcomes, and ultimately, environmental protection.
The Links between Environmental Innovation and Environmental Performance: Evidence for High- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Choi Jung Yun , Han Doo Bong
Published: June 2018

Technology innovation plays an increasingly prominent role in addressing global environmental challenges. In particular, environmental technology innovation (environmental innovation) is the most powerful and realistic alternative to achieve environmental sustainability and sustainable development. A better understanding of how environmental innovation affects the environment and how the effect differs by country is needed. This study analyzes how environmental innovation affects environmental improvement by a dynamic panel model using the System Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimation. We use panel data from 33 high-income countries and 36 middle-income countries for the period 1996–2011, to compare their environmental pollution patterns, and determine how environmental innovation affects air pollution reduction as measured by sulfur dioxide (SO2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The results reveal that environmental innovation improves the environment in some countries over time. The effect is particularly beneficial in high income countries. It is evident that environmental innovations reduce SO2 and CO2 emissions in high-income countries with time interval, while it does not in middle-income countries. The study also identifies that the relationship between per capita income and SO2 and CO2 emissions has a different pattern between high- and middle-income countries. The inverted U-shaped pattern supporting the hypothesis of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) exists in high-income countries. The examination of the trade effect on pollution emissions provides mixed results; however, trade clearly increases SO2 and CO2 emissions in middle-income countries. This study contributes to empirical literatures on the effect of environmental innovation on environmental improvement. And it has significant implications for understanding the importance of direction and role of environmental innovation for environmental sustainability and sustainable development.
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activities of Seaweed Resources from Zhejiang Coast, China
Authors: Li Yong , Sun Siqi , Pu Xiaowei , Yang Yuzhe , Zhu Fei , Zhang Shouyu , Xu Nianjun
Published: June 2018

In order to utilize seaweeds as a natural therapeutic agent in aquatic cultures, it is important to evaluate their antimicrobial activities. We analyzed that of the typical seaweeds of the Zhejiang Coast in order to improve their potential utilization. Six species of seaweeds were collected from the Zhejiang coast—Ulva pertusa, Ulva prolifera, Gloiopeltis furcata, Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis, Sargassum fusiforme and Ishige okamurae—and their ethanolic extracts were tested for antibacterial effects as well as antiviral activity against the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). The seaweed extracts inhibited bacterial growth in vitro, and increased the immune responsiveness and survival of the crab Scylla paramamosain infected with WSSV in a concentration-dependent manner. U. prolifera, G. lemaneiformis, and S. fusiforme showed the most potent antibacterial activities and most significant enhancement of the innate immunity in healthy crabs. In conclusion, our study showed that the seaweed extracts have therapeutic effects and are a potential natural medicine for aquatic animals.
Innovating Rural Tourism Targeting Poverty Alleviation through a Multi-Industries Integration Network: the Case of Zhuanshui Village, Anhui Province, China
Authors: Feng Nanping , Wei Fenfen , Zhang Kevin H. , Gu Dongxiao
Published: June 2018

For an impoverished area to employ rural tourism (RT) as an avenue of poverty alleviation, there are two main challenges: building competitiveness with a very limited endowed resource base, and targeting the poor who generally lack financial capital or key capabilities as the main beneficiaries. With a case of Zhuanshui in China, an impoverished village without prominent tourism resource endowment, this paper has shown that the two challenges can be met through an innovation to construct a multi-industries integration network. This paper explores the development of the network, examines its characteristics, and analyzes its operation mechanisms. Results indicate that (1) the common objective of poverty alleviation and the same fundamental resource, combine RT and its extension industries tightly into an integration network; (2) sufficient evidence has been found for the embeddedness, endogeneity and empowerment of the network, but for empowerment, the poor’s participation is just the first stage to make appropriate decisions about the development due to their inadequate capabilities; and (3) vision developing, demonstration driving and centralized decentralization governance are three vital operational mechanisms to encourage the participation and collaboration of stakeholders. We also discussed the possible challenges for sustainability, being replicability of established competitive advantages, temporality of the major leader, and potential environmental degradation.
Cropping System Diversification: Water Consumption against Crop Production
Authors: Bautista-Capetillo Carlos , Márquez-Villagrana Hugo , Pacheco-Guerrero Anuard , González-Trinidad Julián , Júnez-Ferreira Hugo , Zavala-Trejo Manuel
Published: June 2018

This research reports on two pepper species cultivated in a pilot plot and protected under white shade nets during the 2014, 2015 and 2016 growing seasons. The goal of the study was to compare crop yield, water productivity, and economic productivity between sorghum and corn as extensive crops (ECs), and habanero peppers and bell peppers as intensive crops (ICs). The average values of crop yield, water productivity, and economic productivity were 4.8 Mg (Tons) ha−1, 1.1 kg m−3, and 722.00 USD ha−1 for sorghum; and 7.0 Mg ha−1, 1.2 kg m−3, and 1390.00 USD ha−1 for corn. Average values of 45.0 Mg ha−1, 7.3 kg m−3, and 85,900.00 USD ha−1; and 72.5 Mg ha−1, 10.4 kg m−3, and 66,390.00 USD ha−1 were obtained for habanero peppers and bell peppers, respectively—both were cultivated during 2014, 2015 and 2016. According to the climate conditions of this region, crop water requirements for pepper crops are 41.66% higher than for grain crops; nevertheless, the on-farm water application efficiencies are 92% and 58% respectively. Consequently, 11.97% more water is used for ICs than for ECs. The economic profitability for farmers was 72 times higher for intensive crops than for extensive crops.
On the Convolution Quadrature Rule for Integral Transforms with Oscillatory Bessel Kernels
Authors: Ma Junjie , Liu Huilan
Published: June 2018

Lubich’s convolution quadrature rule provides efficient approximations to integrals with special kernels. Particularly, when it is applied to computing highly oscillatory integrals, numerical tests show it does not suffer from fast oscillation. This paper is devoted to studying the convergence property of the convolution quadrature rule for highly oscillatory problems. With the help of operational calculus, the convergence rate of the convolution quadrature rule with respect to the frequency is derived. Furthermore, its application to highly oscillatory integral equations is also investigated. Numerical results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the convolution quadrature rule in solving highly oscillatory problems. It is found from theoretical and numerical results that the convolution quadrature rule for solving highly oscillatory problems is efficient and high-potential.
Chemical Composition and In Vitro Antimicrobial Efficacy of Sixteen Essential Oils against Escherichia coli and Aspergillus fumigatus Isolated from Poultry
Authors: Ebani Valentina Virginia , Najar Basma , Bertelloni Fabrizio , Pistelli Luisa , Mancianti Francesca , Nardoni Simona
Published: June 2018

Escherichia coli and Aspergillus fumigatus are two pathogens largely present among poultry. They can cause mild or severe forms of disease, and are associated with significant economic losses. The aim of the present study was to investigate the chemical composition and the in vitro antimicrobial activity of sixteen essential oils (EOs) and five mixtures against E. coli and A. fumigatus strains previously isolated from poultry. The study was performed with the following EOs: Aloysiatryphilla, Boswelliasacra, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Citrus aurantium, Citrus bergamia, Citrus limon, Citrus reticulata, Cymbopogon citratus, Eucalyptus globulus, Lavandula hybrida, Litsea cubeba, Ocimum basilicum, Melaleuca alternifolia, Mentha piperita, Pelargoniumgraveolens, and Syzygium aromaticum. Moreover, the following mixtures were also tested: L. cubeba and C. citratus (M1), L. cubeba and A. triphylla (M2), A. triphylla and C. citratus (M3), A. triphylla, C.citratus and L. cubeba (M4), S. aromaticum and C. zeylanicum (M5). One hundred and ninety-one compounds were identified in the tested EOs and mixtures. MIC determination found good anti-E. coli activity with C. zeylanicum (2.52 mg/mL), C. citratus (1.118 mg/mL), L. cubeba (1.106 mg/mL), M. piperita (1.14 mg/mL) and S. aromaticum (1.318 mg/mL) EOs. Among the mixtures, M5 showed the best result with a MIC value of 2.578 mg/mL. The best antimycotic activity was showed by A. triphylla (0.855 mg/mL), followed by C. citratus (0.895 mg/mL), while C. aurantium, M. piperita, B. sacra and P. graveolens did not yield any antifungal effect at the highest dilution. The mixtures exhibited no antifungal activity at all. This study shows promising results in order to use EOs in the environment for disinfection purposes in poultry farms and/or in hatcheries.
Derivation of Soil Moisture Recovery Relation Using Soil Conservation Service (SCS) Curve Number Method
Authors: Kim Jungho , Johnson Lynn , Cifelli Rob , Choi Jeongho , Chandrasekar V.
Published: June 2018

Soil moisture retention (SMR) capacity plays a key role in estimating the direct runoff when a multi-pulse storm event occurs. It is very important to know how much SMR will be recovered during the intervals of no rain of a multi-pulse storm. This study developed a new approach for derivation of the SMR recovery curve (R-curve) at sub-daily time-scales using the Curve Number (CN) method. The methodology was applied using complex storm events in the Napa River basin, California. The R-curve is classified into three sections depending on the recovery rate of SMR during the inter-storm interval of no rain (INR), and this study defines the characteristics. The first section of the R-curve (INR 0–21 h with 0.97 mm/h) is described as gradually recovering SMR, since water is being infiltrated and the upper soil layer is not fully saturated. The second section (INR 21–36 h with 2.11 mm/h) is defined as steeply recovering S due to downward drainage (sub-surface/inter flows) and evaporation without infiltration. The third section (INR 36–68 h with 0.34 mm/h) is described as gradually decreasing recovery dependent on evaporation since percolation and drainage have almost stopped.
Hydrogeologic and Paleo-Geographic Characteristics of Riverside Alluvium at an Artificial Recharge Site in Korea
Authors: Lee Soo-Hyoung , Hamm Se-Yeong , Ha Kyoochul , Kim YongCheol , Koh Dong-Chan , Yoon Heesung , Kim Sung-Wook
Published: June 2018

This study showed the hydrogeological characteristics of an alluvial aquifer that is composed of sand, silt, and clay layers in a small domain. It can be classified into a lower high-salinity layer and an upper freshwater layer and contains shells and remnant paleo-seawater (average 5000 μS/cm) due to sea level fluctuation. Geological and electrical conductivity logging, a long-term pumping test, and multi-depth water quality measurements were conducted at pumping, injection, and observational wells to evaluate the hydrogeologic properties, identify the optimal recharge rate, and assess artificial recharge. Using a hydraulic test, a large difference in drawdown and salinity appeared at the radially located observational wells because of the difference in hydraulic connectivity between the wells in the small study area. It was concluded that the hydraulic anisotropy and heterogeneity of the alluvial aquifer should be carefully examined when locating an injection well and considering the efficient design of artificial recharge.
Numerical Simulation of the Interaction between Phosphorus and Sediment Based on the Modified Langmuir Equation
Authors: Hu Pengjie , Wang Lingling , Li Zhiwei , Zhu Hai , Tang Hongwu
Published: June 2018

Phosphorus is the primary factor that limits eutrophication of surface waters in aquatic environments. Sediment particles have a strong affinity to phosphorus due to the high specific surface areas and surface active sites. In this paper, a numerical model containing hydrodynamics, sediment, and phosphorus module based on improved Langmuir equation is established, where the processes of adsorption and desorption are considered. Through the statistical analysis of the physical experiment data, the fitting formulas of two important parameters in the Langmuir equation are obtained, which are the adsorption coefficient, ka, and the ratio k between the adsorption coefficient and the desorption coefficient. In order to simulate the experimental flume and get a constant and uniform water flow, a periodical numerical flume is built by adding a streamwise body force, Fx. The adsorbed phosphorus by sediment and the dissolved phosphorus in the water are separately added into the Advection Diffusion equation as a source term to simulate the interaction between them. The result of the numerical model turns out to be well matched with that of the physical experiment and can thus provide the basis for further analysis. With the application of the numerical model to some new and relative cases, the conclusion will be drawn through an afterwards analysis. The concentration of dissolved phosphorus proves to be unevenly distributed along the depth and the maximum value approximately appears in the 3/4 water depth because both the high velocity in the top layer and the high turbulence intensity in the bottom layer can promote sediment adsorption on phosphorus.
Evaporation of Low-mass Planet Atmospheres: Multidimensional Hydrodynamics with Consistent Thermochemistry
Authors: Wang Lile , Dai Fei
Published: June 2018

Direct and statistical observational evidence suggests that photoevaporation is important in eroding the atmosphere of sub-Neptune planets. We construct full hydrodynamic simulations, coupled with consistent thermochemistry and ray-tracing radiative transfer, to understand the physics of atmospheric photoevaporation caused by high-energy photons from the host star. We identify a region on the parameter space where a hydrostatic atmosphere cannot be balanced by any plausible interplanetary pressure, so that the atmosphere is particularly susceptible to loss by Parker wind. This region may lead to an absence of rich atmosphere (substantially H/He) for planets with low mass (M ≲ 3 M
⊕). Full numerical simulations of photoevaporative outflows show a typical outflow speed

∼
30

km

s

−
1

and

M

˙

∼
4
×

10

−
10

M

⊕

yr

−
1

for a 5 M
⊕ fiducial model rocky-core planet with 10−2 of its mass in the atmosphere. The outflows modulated by strong stellar wind (ram pressure up to 5 times the total wind pressure) are collimated toward the nightside of the planet, while the mass-loss rate is only ∼25% lower than the fiducial model. By exploring the parameter space, we find that EUV photoionization is most important in launching photoevaporative wind; other energetic radiations have secondary importance. Based on simulation results we propose a semiempirical formula of photoevaporation rate (error ≲ 20%), which is a function of high-energy irradiation, planet mass, and envelope mass fraction (error ≲20%). We then reproduce the observed bimodal radius distribution of sub-Neptune Kepler planets semiquantitatively.
The Maser-emitting Structure and Time Variability of the SiS Lines J = 14–13 and 15–14 in IRC+10216*
Authors: Fonfría J. P. , Fernández-López M. , Pardo J. R. , Agúndez M. , Contreras C. Sánchez , Prieto L. Velilla , Cernicharo J. , Santander-García M. , Quintana-Lacaci G. , Castro-Carrizo A. , Curiel S.
Published: June 2018

We present new high angular resolution interferometer observations of the v = 0 J = 14–13 and 15–14 SiS lines toward IRC+10216, carried out with the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy and the Atacama Large Millimeter Array. The maps, with angular resolutions of ≃0.″25 and 0.″55, reveal (1) an extended, roughly uniform, and weak emission with a size of ≃0.″5; (2) a component elongated approximately along the east–west direction peaking at ≃0.″13 and 0.″17 at both sides of the central star; and (3) two blue- and redshifted compact components peaking around 0.″07 to the NW of the star. We have modeled the emission with a 3D radiation transfer code, finding that the observations cannot be explained only by thermal emission. Several maser clumps and one arc-shaped maser feature arranged from 5 to 20

from the central star, in addition to a thin shell-like maser structure at ≃13

, are required to explain the observations. This maser-emitting set of structures accounts for 75% of the total emission, while the other 25% is produced by thermally excited molecules. About 60% of the maser emission comes from the extended emission, and the rest comes from the set of clumps and the arc. The analysis of a time monitoring of these and other SiS and 29SiS lines carried out with the IRAM 30 m telescope from 2015 to present suggests that the intensity of some spectral components of the maser emission strongly depends on the stellar pulsation, while other components show a mild variability. This monitoring evidences a significant phase lag of ≃0.2 between the maser and near-IR light curves.
An ALMA Survey of the SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey UKIDSS/UDS Field: Number Counts of Submillimeter Galaxies
Authors: Stach Stuart M. , Smail Ian , Swinbank A. M. , Simpson J. M. , Geach J. E. , An Fang Xia , Almaini Omar , Arumugam Vinodiran , Blain A. W. , Chapman S. C. , Chen Chian-Chou , Conselice C. J. , Cooke E. A. , Coppin K. E. K. , Dunlop J. S. , Farrah Duncan , Gullberg B. , Hartley W. , Ivison R. J. , Maltby D. T. , Michałowski M. J. , Scott Douglas , Simpson Chris , Thomson A. P. , Wardlow J. L. , Werf P. van der
Published: June 2018

We report the first results of AS2UDS, an 870 μm continuum survey with the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA) of a total area of ∼50 arcmin2 comprising a complete sample of 716 submillimeter sources drawn from the SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey (S2CLS) map of the UKIDSS/UDS field. The S2CLS parent sample covers a 0.96 degree2 field at σ
850 = 0.90 ± 0.05 mJy beam−1. Our deep, high-resolution ALMA observations with σ
870 ∼ 0.25 mJy and a 0.″15–0.″30 FWHM synthesized beam, provide precise locations for 695 submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) responsible for the submillimeter emission corresponding to 606 sources in the low-resolution, single-dish map. We measure the number counts of SMGs brighter than S
870 ≥ 4 mJy, free from the effects of blending and show that the normalization of the counts falls by 28% ± 2% in comparison with the SCUBA-2 published counts, but that the shape remains unchanged. We determine that

44

−
14

+
16

% of the brighter single-dish sources with S
850 ≥ 9 mJy consist of a blend of two or more ALMA-detectable SMGs brighter than S
870 ∼ 1 mJy (corresponding to a galaxy with a total-infrared luminosity of L
IR ≳ 1012
L
⊙), in comparison with 28% ± 2% for the single-dish sources at S
850 ≥ 5 mJy. Using the 46 single-dish submillimeter sources that contain two or more ALMA-detected SMGs with photometric redshifts, we show that there is a significant statistical excess of pairs of SMGs with similar redshifts (<1% probability of occurring by chance), suggesting that at least 30% of these blends arise from physically associated pairs of SMGs.
Assessing the Impact of Astrochemistry on Molecular Cloud Turbulence Statistics
Authors: Boyden Ryan D. , Offner Stella S. R. , Koch Eric W. , Rosolowsky Erik W.
Published: June 2018

We analyze hydrodynamic simulations of turbulent, star-forming molecular clouds that are post-processed with the photodissociation region astrochemistry code 3d-pdr. We investigate the sensitivity of 15 commonly applied turbulence statistics to post-processing assumptions, namely, variations in gas temperature, abundance, and external radiation field. We produce synthetic 12CO (1−0) and CI (3
P
1–3
P
0) observations and examine how the variations influence the resulting emission distributions. To characterize differences between the data sets, we perform statistical measurements, identify diagnostics sensitive to our chemistry parameters, and quantify the statistic responses by using a variety of distance metrics. We find that multiple turbulent statistics are sensitive not only to the chemical complexity but also to the strength of the background radiation field. The statistics with meaningful responses include principal component analysis, spatial power spectrum, and bicoherence. A few of the statistics, such as the velocity coordinate spectrum, are primarily sensitive to the type of tracer being utilized, while others, like the Δ-variance, strongly respond to the background radiation field. Collectively, these findings indicate that more realistic chemistry impacts the responses of turbulent statistics and is necessary for accurate statistical comparisons between models and observed molecular clouds.
The First Naked-eye Superflare Detected from Proxima Centauri
Authors: Howard Ward S. , Tilley Matt A. , Corbett Hank , Youngblood Allison , Loyd R. O. Parke , Ratzloff Jeffrey K. , Law Nicholas M. , Fors Octavi , del Ser Daniel , Shkolnik Evgenya L. , Ziegler Carl , Goeke Erin E. , Pietraallo Aaron D. , Haislip Joshua
Published: June 2018

Proxima b is a terrestrial-mass planet in the habitable zone of Proxima Centauri. Proxima Centauri’s high stellar activity, however, casts doubt on the habitability of Proxima b: sufficiently bright and frequent flares and any associated proton events may destroy the planet’s ozone layer, allowing lethal levels of UV flux to reach its surface. In 2016 March, the Evryscope observed the first naked-eye-brightness superflare detected from Proxima Centauri. Proxima increased in optical flux by a factor of ∼68 during the superflare and released a bolometric energy of 1033.5 erg, ∼10× larger than any previously detected flare from Proxima. Over the last two years the Evryscope has recorded 23 other large Proxima flares ranging in bolometric energy from 1030.6 to 1032.4 erg; coupling those rates with the single superflare detection, we predict that at least five superflares occur each year. Simultaneous high-resolution High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS) spectroscopy during the Evryscope superflare constrains the superflare’s UV spectrum and any associated coronal mass ejections. We use these results and the Evryscope flare rates to model the photochemical effects of NO
x
atmospheric species generated by particle events from this extreme stellar activity, and show that the repeated flaring may be sufficient to reduce the ozone of an Earth-like atmosphere by 90% within five years; complete depletion may occur within several hundred kyr. The UV light produced by the Evryscope superflare would therefore have reached the surface with ∼100× the intensity required to kill simple UV-hardy microorganisms, suggesting that life would have to undergo extreme adaptations to survive in the surface areas of Proxima b exposed to these flares.
New internal primers targeting short fragments of the mitochondrial COI region for archival specimens from the subfamily Aphidiinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae)
Authors: Mitrović Milana , Tomanović Željko
Published: June 2018

Archival specimens are a great resource for molecular research in population biology, taxonomy and conservation. A primary goal for researchers is to preserve specimens from collections by improving noninvasive methods for DNA extraction and to achieve successful amplification of the short fragments of a target gene in the event of DNA fragmentation. We tested the suitability of a noninvasive method of DNA extraction and amplification of the barcoding region of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from archival specimens of aphid parasitoids belonging to the genera Aphidius, Lysiphlebus and Praon (Aphidiinae, Braconidae, Hymenoptera). Using a commercial kit as a noninvasive method, we successfully extracted DNA from dry 7 to 41 year old samples of 26 different parasitoid species. However, amplification of the barcoding region failed using the standard primer pair LCO1490/HCO2198. In order to reconstruct DNA barcodes we designed internal genus-specific degenerative primers and a new amplification protocol to target the short fragments within the mitochondrial region. Novel primers were designed using as a template the reference sequences from congeners retrieved from the public database. The combination of standard primers with internal primers, in direct and nested amplification reactions, produced short overlapping subsequences, concatenated to recover long barcoding sequences. Additional analyses also confirmed that primers initially designed for Aphidius, Lysiphlebus and Praon can be combined in a mixture, and successfully used to obtain short fragments of disintegrated DNA from archival specimens of several other braconid species from the genera Ephedrus and Monoctonus.
Seventeen new genera of microgastrine parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) from tropical areas of the world
Authors: Fernandez-Triana Jose , Boudreault Caroline
Published: June 2018

As part of comprehensive studies on the world fauna of microgastrine parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) 17 new genera and 29 new species are described from the Afrotropical, Australasian, Neotropical and Oriental regions. The number of extant genera of Microgastrinae is increased by 21% and currently stands at 81. It is anticipated that more genera will be described in the near future, when phylogenetic studies of the group are advanced. The new taxa showcase unusual morphological traits such as atypical head and mouth part modifications, presence of partial occipital and epicnemial carinae, propodeum carination patterns, hind wing venation, trochantellus shape, tarsal claws, sculpture and shape of the first two metasomal tergites, and ovipositor teeth; in some cases, they also represent some of the largest species known in the subfamily. For every new genus putative autapomorphies, morphological diagnostic features, and DNA barcodes (whenever available) are presented, as well as brief discussions of some informal groupings of genera in the subfamily. However, no attempt is made to reassess the phylogeny of the entire Microgastrinae, as that will require more comprehensive analyses beyond the scope of the present work. The following 17gen. n., authored by Fernandez-Triana, are described:Agupta,Austinicotesia,Billmasonius,Carlmuesebeckius,Gilbertnixonius,Janhalacaste,Jenopappius,Jimwhitfieldius,Kotenkosius,Markshawius,Ohenri,Qrocodiledundee,Silvaspinosus,Tobleronius,Ungunicus,YpsilonigasterandZachterbergius. The following 29sp. n., authored by Fernandez-Triana and Boudreault, are described:Aguptadanyi,Aguptajeanphilippei,Aguptaraymondi,Aguptasolangeae,Austinicotesiaindonesiensis,Austinicotesiapapuanus,Billmasoniuscienci,Carlmuesebeckiussmithsonian,Gilbertnixoniusbiem,Janhalacastedanieli,Janhalacasteguanacastensis,Janhalacastewinnieae,Jenopappiusmagyarmuzeum,Jimwhitfieldiusjamesi,Jimwhitfieldiussydneyae,Kotenkosiustricarinatus,Markshawiuserucidoctus,Markshawiusfrancescae,Markshawiusthailandensis,Ohenrigouletorum,Qrocodiledundeeoutbackense,Silvaspinosusvespa,Tobleroniusorientalis,Ungunicusvietnamensis,Ypsilonigasternaturalis,Ypsilonigastersharkeyi,Ypsilonigastertiger,Ypsilonigasterzuparkoi, andZachterbergiustenuitergum. The following fourcomb. n.are proposed:Jenopappiusniger(de Saeger, 1944),Jenopappiusaethiopica(de Saeger, 1944),Ypsilonigasterbumbana(de Saeger, 1942), andYpsilonigasterpteroloba(de Saeger, 1944).
An Update on Kirkpatrick's Model of Evaluation: Part Two
Authors: DeSilets Lynore D.
Published: June 2018

Since Kirkpatrick first published his evaluation model, many continuing nursing education providers have used it. The model has stood the test of time. In 2016, the model was updated by Kirkpatrick's son and daughter-in-law through the addition of five simple principles that can serve as a blueprint to maximize stakeholders and organizational investments, while validating the value of provider units.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2018;49(7):292–293.
Surgical Treatment of Recurrent Lumbar Disk Herniation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Ajiboye Remi M. , Drysch Austin , Mosich Gina M. , Sharma Akshay , Pourtaheri Sina
Published: June 2018

Consensus is lacking regarding optimal surgical treatment of recurrent lumbar disk herniation. A systematic search of multiple databases was conducted for studies evaluating outcomes after treatment for recurrent lumbar disk herniation. Treatment options included decompression surgeries and fusion surgeries. Although fusion surgeries eliminated re-recurrence of disk herniation, this coincided with higher incidences of complications and reoperation. Decompression surgeries and fusion surgeries both resulted in improvements in Japanese Orthopaedic Association, Oswestry Disability Index, and visual analog scale back and leg scores postoperatively (
P
<.05). The complication risk profiles of decompression surgeries and fusion surgeries must be balanced with the risk of disk herniation re-recurrence, as both procedures lead to improvements in functional outcomes. [
Orthopedics
. 2018; 41(4):e457–e469.]
Nuevos xenófitos de La Palma (Islas Canarias, España), con énfasis en las especies naturalizadas y (potencialmente) invasoras. Parte 2.
Authors: Otto R. , Verloove F.
Published: June 2018

Varios meses de trabajos de campo en La Palma (Islas Canarias occidentales) han posibilitado el descubrimiento de nuevas plantas vasculares no nativas. Abutilon theophrasti, Agrostis xfouilladeana, Alternanthera brasiliana, Bupleurum salicifolium subsp. salicifolium, Callisia fragrans, Emilia coccinea, Hyparrhenia sinaica, Ipomoea purpurea, Jasminum polyanthum, Macfadyena unguis-cati, Malvastrum coromandelianum subsp. coromandelianum, Misopates calycinum, Nephrolepis cordifolia, Opuntia microdasys, Passiflora subpeltata, Plantago lanceolata, Polygonum aviculare subsp. rurivagum, Pseudogynoxys chenopodioides, Psidium littorale, Robinia pseudoacacia, Rosa micrantha, Rumex bucephalophorus subsp. gallicus, Sorghum bicolor subsp. verticilliflorum, Sphagneticola trilobata, Syzygium jambos, Thunbergia alata y Youngia japonica subsp. japonica son xenófitos naturalizados o (potencialmente) invasores, se citan por primera vez para las Islas Canarias o para La Palma. Se dan a conocer por primera vez 14 t·axones adicionales, probablemente casuales, de las Islas Canarias y 15 taxones de la isla de La Palma.
Vida fragmentada: vivir como académica precaria entre dos continentes
Authors: Hofmann Susanne
Published: June 2018

La concatenación de breves fragmentos autobiográficos proporciona una imagen vívida de la experiencia de la vida académica precaria contemporánea que transcurre entre continentes. Si bien la trayectoria sin pausa de la autora le permite aprender, investigar, escribir, publicar, dar charlas y relacionarse con colegas de diferentes partes del mundo, esta también experimenta la angustia que entraña la precariedad, la inseguridad financiera y la imposibilidad de planificar un futuro, tanto en lo que respecta a su carrera como a sus relaciones personales. Especialmente asegurar una vivienda que sea tanto propicia para el trabajo como para la moral personal presenta un gran obstáculo; los fragmentos ilustran cómo la dependencia de personas con más recursos puede venir acompañada de situaciones que implican humillación y servilismo. La vida cotidiana de una académica precaria se caracteriza por las complejidades que acompañan a la falta de anclaje institucional y apoyo material que las universidades sí brindan a su personal permanente. Como afiliada flotante a instituciones académicas, la autora lucha por ganarse el interés de los miembros permanentes del personal y por recibir respeto y reconocimiento como profesional. Los fragmentos presentados demuestran cuán poco las instituciones académicas y sus burocracias están preparadas para acomodar y apoyar adecuadamente a los académicos precarios.
Participando de la precariedad: la agotadora búsqueda de empleo de una antropóloga en sus primeros años de carrera
Authors: Jovanović Deana
Published: June 2018

Este artículo está basado en experiencias personales y muestra cómo las condiciones precarias y variables del mercado laboral impactan en los investigadores que están en las primeras fases de su carrera académica. En concreto, se centra en cómo los regímenes de visado, la ciudadanía, las diferencias de clase y el acceso a redes de apoyo, junto con condiciones estructurales, impactan de manera diferencial en las oportunidades académicas y en la vida cotidiana de los investigadores en Europa occidental y oriental, y en cómo todo ello produce movilidad impuesta.
Imponiendo la precariedad: maquinaciones burocráticas, complicidad y jerarquías de la Academia
Authors: Touhouliotis Vasiliki
Published: June 2018

"Adjuncts" es el término usado en los Estados Unidos para referirse a los profesores con contratos temporales, de baja remuneración y sin protección social. Hoy constituyen la mayoría de la plantilla del profesorado en universidades y colleges estadounidenses. Partiendo de mis tres años de experiencia como adjunta, este artículo es un relato de la precariedad en la academia norteamericana. Aunque se suele asumir que la precariedad afecta igual a todos los adjuncts, la raza, el género, y la clase dan forma a distribuciones diferenciadas de la precariedad y construyen ciertos cuerpos como precarios incluso aunque no sean adjuncts. Y es que la precariedad en la academia incluye una gama de experiencias a menudo inconmensurables. Las discusiones sobre la precariedad también suelen pasan por alto la complicidad de los profesores permanentes y de los administradores, que imponen la precariedad y reproducen jerarquías de la academia al mantener a los adjuncts lejos de los recursos de la Universidad y al pedirles que trabajen sin compensación. ¿Cómo practicar un rechazo colectivo de la reproducción de las jerarquías académicas sin que se entienda como muestra de que no nos preocupamos por nuestro trabajo? ¿Cómo ese rechazo puede servir para demandar mejores condiciones de trabajo para todos?
La fortuna de la precariedad
Authors: Téllez Virtudes
Published: June 2018

La posibilidad de contar con una beca predoctoral para dedicarse en exclusividad a la elaboración de una tesis doctoral fue en su momento un indicador de éxito presente y futuro en la carrera académica profesional en España. En este artículo expondré mi experiencia personal y profesional relacionada con la obtención de esta beca y los avatares posteriores después de doctorarme por una universidad española, en plena crisis económica en este país. A partir de este momento, entré en una espiral de precariedades que en mi entorno laboral son naturalizadas como los pasos previos para una estabilización profesional; y que sumadas a las demandas de una maternidad y crianza comprometida y responsable complicaron aún más mi situación laboral. A partir de esta experiencia analizaré cómo la precariedad en la academia tiene una relación directa con lo que denomino acade(mono)rmatividades.
Retóricas del momento: (per)versiones (mis)antropológicas
Authors: Ruiz Torres Miquel Àngel , Moncusí Ferré Albert
Published: June 2018

Durante la organización del XIV Congreso de Antropología celebrado en Valencia en septiembre de 2017, bajo el lema Antropologías en transformación: sentidos, compromisos y utopías, los miembros del comité organizador dudábamos de cuál podría ser el tópico de la conferencia de clausura y qué insigne personalidad de nuestro campo podría ocupar ese lugar privilegiado. Como no teníamos a nadie en cartel ni tampoco osábamos importunar a algún/a colega con tamaña empresa emprendimos la tarea de crear un personaje ad hoc que reuniera el suficiente atractivo en una ocasión tan connotada. En seguida vimos que la idea ofrecía una oportunidad incomparable para reflexionar de forma crítica sobre la academia y el ejercicio de la antropología. Fue así como nació Vicent Artur, doctor en antropología y especialista en universales culturales, emigrado originario y nativo itinerante, universalmente valenciano-malauí y localmente ciudadano del mundo. La ubicación de su nave anclada no fue nada fácil, y la decisión de situarla junto a las aguas del lago Malaui fue con la intención de encontrar un lugar real en el simulacro del mapa, aunque no lo suficientemente rastreable para el común de los académicos, debido a la remota e ignota universidad que se le suponía. Dudamos por las posibles implicaciones etnocéntricas o racistas del invento, pero finalmente optamos por seguir con el plan, ya que nuestro antropólogo era en realidad un malauí de corazón que luchaba allí por su causa académico-profesional como lo podía haber hecho en el centro del imperio. Las ideas que rondan por la conferencia hacen referencia a algunas de las cuestiones de nuestro zeigeist antropológico, como el peso relativo de las discusiones teóricas en el trabajo de campo o el compromiso que adquiere el etnógrafo con lo que considera que son sus causas emancipadoras, que por algo era el lema del congreso. Esperamos que sepan disculpar al profesor Belda si por alguna de aquellas les inoportuna con su tono pseudoprovocador. Si así fuera lo mejor quizás sería tomar nota de las cosas que nos perturban para saber dónde están colocados esos espejos de nuestra alma antropológica.
¿De qué hablan los expertos cuando hablan de cultura?
Authors: Lores Masip Fernando , Jociles Rubio María Isabel
Published: June 2018

En este artículo exploramos la manera en que las diferencias basadas en la cultura son producidas y tratadas por los profesionales que están a cargo de procesos de evaluación experta en los que se valoran competencias o aptitudes específicas (sexuales o familiares) de categorías diferenciadas de sujetos (como las personas inmigrantes en la epidemiología del VIH o las familias constituidas por adopción internacional). Al presentar comparativamente dos ámbitos de intervención, aunque a priori dispares, trazamos algunas similitudes relevantes para la comprensión de las lógicas institucionales que están implícitas en intervenciones de este tipo. En especial, nos interesamos por las derivaciones biopolíticas que dan soporte al despliegue de estas estrategias de mediación experta y de tratamiento de la diferencia cultural.
Una investigación encarnada sobre la discapacidad: experiencia investigadora y retos epistemológicos
Authors: Gómez Bernal Vanessa
Published: June 2018

Este artículo ofrece una reflexión profunda sobre las implicaciones emocionales y personales que se dan en un proceso de investigación social. A través de la experiencia de la investigadora en el estudio de la discapacidad y el género se ponen de manifiesto las múltiples interacciones e intersecciones que se dan en un proceso de investigación entre lo epistemológico, lo teórico, lo metodológico y lo personal, lo político y lo emocional.
Racialización de actores latinoamericanos y africanos en la industria cultural de Madrid y el ilusorio blanqueamiento de lo español
Authors: Montalvo Chaves Ángeles
Published: June 2018

Este artículo corresponde a la investigación doctoral con organizaciones teatrales de latinoamericanos y africanos en Madrid. Los resultados de este estudio destacan dos cuestiones fundamentales: 1) sujetos diferenciados bajo la postcolonialidad se representan en los medios de comunicación, en películas y series televisivas mayoritariamente desde formas racializadas y sexualizadas. 2) Estos mismos sujetos no cesan de responder a estas representaciones dominantes y de buscar espacios alternativos para expresar sus capacidades creativas más allá de estos prototipos racialmente diferenciados e inferiorizados. Como respuesta, actores de procedencia latinoamericana crean alianzas con actores africanos en la compañía teatral Entrecalles, donde generan resistencia. La unión dará lugar a la articulación de una identidad cultural y política bajo nomenclaturas que son cambiantes y re-articulables bajo signos contingentes como latinoamericano e inmigrante. Como argumento, la racialización de estas personas y su representación mediática alude además a un enraizado ilusorio blanqueamiento por el que se ha construido España como nación.
Afirmando su justicia. El sistema vindicatorio shuar y el desarrollo de la justicia indígena
Authors: Márquez Porras Raúl , Luzuriaga Muñoz Enrique D. , Puchaicela Huaca Carmen G.
Published: June 2018

En Ecuador, el reconocimiento de las justicias indígenas por el Estado se da en un escenario donde el marco legal ha sido solo parcialmente concretado, los distintos pueblos ancestrales discuten su propio modelo de justicia y mantienen una relación ambigua con la justicia estatal. Este artículo observa la realidad jurídica de uno de estos pueblos, los shuar, a partir de un estudio de caso en el cantón Nangaritza y de trabajo bibliográfico. En primer lugar, se caracteriza la justicia ancestral shuar, eminentemente vindicatoria. A continuación se describen algunas dinámicas de cambio y la relación, en general, de los shuar con los representantes de la justicia estatal. Y finalmente, se señalan algunas hipótesis sobre la adaptación de la justicia shuar al nuevo marco constitucional y su proceso de oficialización.
El Niño Dios va al fútbol: vestir una imagen religiosa al servicio de la nación mexicana
Authors: Lisbona Guillén Miguel , Rivera Miguel A.
Published: June 2018

El Niño de Atocha, imagen ubicada en una iglesia de la Ciudad de México, es transformado durante ciertos partidos de la selección mexicana de fútbol en el seguidor número 12 al ser vestido como jugador. Así resulta concebido, por los creyentes que participan de su transformación, de manera divergente a la deseada representación pregonada por la Iglesia católica para las imágenes religiosas, más bien se convierte en una real encarnación metonímica de los incondicionales del seleccionado; condensación temporal de la nación vívida mediante el uso de la imaginería religiosa.
Viajeros y arabistas a doble paso: Marruecos colonial y el legendario Joaquín Gatell
Authors: García Collado María Ángeles
Published: June 2018

Este artículo compara dos ediciones dedicadas al mismo autor y obra, Joaquín Gatell y su Diario, con el objetivo de reflexionar sobre la apropiación de un libro de viajes por intelectuales al servicio del Protectorado español en Marruecos. La representación del explorador decimonónico en las dos ediciones se construye desde la óptica colonial que caracterizó muchas publicaciones españolas de los años 50 del siglo XX.
Un site castral bourbonnais au début de la guerre de Cent Ans : le Tronçais à Chevagnes (Allier)
Authors: Gaime Sébastien , Gauthier Fabrice , Mille Pierre , Guyot Stéphane , Dunikowski Christophe , Lefevre Jean-Claude
Published: June 2018

L’ensemble castral du Tronçay à Chevagnes est une fortification médiévale de terre et bois constituée d’une succession d’enclos. La fouille de ces vestiges a permis de restituer une motte castrale et sa basse cour, apparues au cours du xiiie siècle, complétées dans la deuxième moitié du xive siècle par une maison forte, alors même que le château primitif continue d’exister.Le site possède dès l’origine une fonction artisanale. Au début de la guerre de Cent Ans, c’est un centre de production métallurgique. Des analyses des résidus ont montré que la totalité de la chaîne opératoire du fer est représentée, depuis l’extraction du minerai local jusqu’à sa transformation dans des bas-fourneaux, en passant par la production d’objets dans des forges, localisées, parfois, au sein même de la maison forte.Retrouvées dans les douves, totalement ou partiellement carbonisées, quarante pièces de bois qui proviennent de la passerelle d’accès ont été datées par dendrochronologie de l’hiver 1360-1361. Ces pièces ont permis la reconstitution d’un pont dormant et d’un pont-levis à flèches et à contrepoids.