bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Social Media Marketing on Consumer Behavior: Evidence from the Greek Market
Authors: Migkos Stavros , Katarachia Androniki , Antoniadis Ioannis , Saprikis Vaggelis
Published: May 2024

The role of social media has undoubtedly increased in recent years, both in terms of its use in advertising and digital marketing, influencing consumers to their choices and shaping their buying behavior in many cases. Therefore, it is essential to study their influence on consumer behavior by investigating the factors affecting it. Hence, based on an extant literature review, this study investigates the influence of digital marketing in the modern era and the degree to which it affects individuals’ buying behavior. Our research was based on a questionnaire research tool, which was distributed to 418 correspondents with the help of social media, with questions regarding the trends of consumer audiences towards the market and promotion of products through digital marketing, but also researching the degree of influence of consumer behavior on advertisements promoted by these platforms and, in particular, the two years of restrictions due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The results reveal that the influence of digital marketing has increased rapidly through the use of social media platforms and advertising schemes, with the quality of products delivered, convenience, and minimum execution time of purchases in e-commerce. A match between price and quality positively affects consumers’ attitudes.
How Data Mining is Used in Social Media. Key Performance Indicators’ Impact on Image Post Data Characteristics for Maximum User Engagement
Authors: Gkikas Dimitris C. , Theodoridis Prokopis K.
Published: May 2024

Digital marketing strategy has become increasingly popular aiming to increase social media users’ engagement, brand awareness, and revenues. The aim of this study is to calculate the organic photo posts’ text characteristics such as text readability, hashtags number and characters number. Using data mining classification models, the current study examines whether these characteristics affect organic post user engagement for lifetime post engaged users and lifetime people who have liked a page and engaged with a post. Data were extracted from social media retail business pages. Readability performance metrics (e.g., the post text readability score, the characters’ number, and the hashtags’ number) are the independent variables. Posts’ performances were measured by seven performance metrics, assigned as the depended variables. Data, content characteristics, and performance metrics were extracted from a social platform retail business page. Finally, user engagement was calculated, and posts’ performance classification was represented using decision tree (DTs) graphs. The findings reveal how post texts’ content characteristics impact performance metrics helping this way the marketers to better form their social media organic strategies, the company to increase impressions, reach and revenues, and the customers to comprehend the post message and engage with the brand.
Corporate Boards and Gender Quotas: A Review of Literature
Authors: Kavalieraki-Foka Dimitra , Asonitou Sofia , Kottara Chara , Gonidakis Fragkiskos , Giannopoulos George
Published: May 2024

Legislative regulations for gender quotas are increasingly being enacted on the corporate boards in numerous countries. Research focused on this topic since 2003 when Norway passed the first law concerning the composition of board of directors and women’s proportion in it. The purpose of this paper is to present a review of the literature on gender quotas applied on corporate boards and their impact in different aspects. Using Scopus database, the authors reviewed a body of studies and analyzed those that demonstrated a correlation with the impact on firm’s environmental and social performance, those that demonstrated a diffusion of gender equality across the firm levels and those that focused on individual perceptions. Our results highlight that even though there is a positive impact of gender quotas there is still lack of studies using primary data and addressing the specific research field from non-financial perspective in order to approach deeper the subject. This could be a trigger for future researchers. Also, our findings regarding the benefits of gender diversity in corporate boards can be used to expand efforts to promote gender equality in the workplace.
Medical Tourism with Emphasis on Tourism for People with Disabilities in Greece
Authors: Rapti Maria , Sepetis Anastasios , Pierrakos George
Published: May 2024

This is a research endeavor aiming to highlight the significance of Medical Tourism with regard to people with disabilities, as is often referred to in the literature and legislative texts. The international approach to the provision of medical tourism services is examined everyday but the tourist policies for people with disabilities, and the position of Greek accessible Tourism need more researcher. The objective of this review is to offer a synthesis of the steps that have been taken and the efforts that have been undertaken in this direction in the Greek medical tourism in relation to disabled people, as far as prospects, imminent benefits, but also any further actions that could take place. The aim is to bring out all the dimensions of the subject both through the literature review and the search for existing implementation methods and best pratices as well as through the research approach and analysis of existing situations, at national and international level.
Amateur Athletes and Adoption of Smartwatches. Perceptions of Usage, Ease of Use and the Role of Virtual Community Emersion
Authors: Gkika Eleni C. , Komisopoulos Faidon , Ntanos Stamatios , Drosos Dimitrios , Kargas Antonios
Published: May 2024

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of connected devices and sensors communicating and exchanging data through the Internet. Wearable technologies are a popular application of IoT and can potentially affect users’ lifestyles, health, well-being, behaviors, and decisions. Smartwatches are the most popular type of wearable device among athletes. We are interested in the factors influencing the adoption of smart devices which monitor and track sports and fitness activities. Our data was based on a convenient sample of 128 amateur runners and we performed descriptive statistics and regression analysis. We applied the theoretical model of Technology Acceptance and empirical results reveal that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and smartwatch health indications, are notable antecedents of someone’s decision to adopt a smart device. Sport wearable companies may get insights from this research about significant factors of smartwatch adoption and products to help athletes enhance their performance.
Exploring Awareness of Greek Protected Geographical Indication Regional Wines and Their Terroir: The Case of the Prefecture of Drama Greece
Authors: Mamalis Spyridon , Kamenidou Irene , Karampatea Aikaterini , Bouloumpasi Elisavet , Skendi Adriana
Published: May 2024

This research explores if wine consumers are aware of the wines of the Greek prefecture of Drama and, in particular, its wines with Protected Geographical Indication (PGI), and if they have previously experienced them. It also investigates where do consumers search online for wine information, and which of the 17 directly related to wine terroir attributes they seek information for. Lastly, it explores if the male and female wine consumers have the same level of awareness and experience with these PGI wines, and if they seek the same terroir elements on the online information channels. An online questionnaire was used to collect 917 valid responses. The data analysis showed that all participants were aware of the wines of Drama Prefecture, and as for the PGI wines (PGI wines of Drama, Hadriani, and Agora), about one half of the sample knows the Drama PGI wines and 48% has had previous experience, 29% knows Hadriani PGI wines and 24.3% has previous experience, and 23.3% knows PGI Agora wines and 20.2% has previous experience with these wines. Main online information search channels are the winery’s website, Google + and Facebook. The terroir elements most searched for information is “area of wine production”, “grape varieties”, and “wine authenticity”. No gender differences were found in knowledge and previous experience with PGI wines of the prefecture of Drama, while for four out of 17 terroir elements that consumers were seeking information of in their online search, gender differences were observed: Place attachment, vineyard terrain, winery landscape architecture, and grape harvesting. Results are discussed and provide suggestions for terroir-based marketing. Results provide insight to consumer behaviour and may lead wineries to implement programs for wine tourism and education on wine terroir characteristics and wine choice connected to gastronomy.
Communicating Corporate Social Responsibility in an Era of Disruption—A Study of Greek Companies Participating in Corporate Responsibility Index (CRI)
Authors: Xanthopoulou Panagiota , Kavoura Androniki , Sahinidis Alexandros , Antoniadis Ioannis
Published: May 2024

Greek firms have begun to place a greater emphasis on CSR, and there is a shift away from financial gain and toward organizations showing respect for social issues pertaining to the environment in which they operate. This study looks at the social performance of all 27 firms that have taken part in the CR Index between 2008 and 2020 using the most recent information available about CRI operations in Greece from the time of the country’s economic depression to the present. The results imply that the companies under investigation adjusted to the economic climate by better allocating their CSR-related spending. Even though there was a general decline in the number of companies receiving lower-level distinctions, the companies included as a sample in this research demonstrated stronger CSR engagement, obtaining higher marks in their evaluation by the CRI. The fact that businesses have not adequately informed the public about their CSR efforts has implications for managers because they could do so. The study also adds to the body of literature by starting conversations around CSR communication.
How User Engagement Mediates the Effect of Social Media Marketing Efforts on Brand Loyalty of Green Products. The Role of Green Brand Bullying
Authors: Rizomyliotis Ioannis , Giovanis Apostolos , Konstantoulaki Kleopatra
Published: May 2024

Green products are getting more preferred than the conventional ones as they are related with sustainable consumption. Digital marketing practices are used by companies to reach the relevant target groups, to promote green products and develop sustainable relationships with their customers. Although there are several studies dealing with the role of social media marketing efforts, still, research in brand loyalty for green products has remained limited. The present study addresses this gap by proposing a conceptual framework describing the relationship between the social media marketing efforts that companies undertake to sell environmentally friendly products and brand loyalty by considering the intervening role of user engagement and green brand bulling. The theoretical analysis supports the view that there are significant nonlinear associations among these four constructs.
Artists and the University Heritage: The Case of the Athens University History Museum and the Exhibition “Opy Zouni: In First Person”
Authors: Papoulias Evangelos , Zounis Theoklis-Petros
Published: May 2024

The university museums protect, conserve and present the cultural heritage related to education. The paper presents the initiative of the Athens University History Museum of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), a university museum that organizes for the first time in a university space a temporary exhibition dedicated to Opy Zouni, a painter with international recognition in the contemporary art of geometric abstraction. The exhibition “Opy Zouni: in first person” presented selected works by Opy Zouni with the main purpose of attributing the artistic dimension of the creator through the interpretation and analysis of her works by herself in the first person. The idea was conceived on the occasion of the tenth anniversary of the loss of the internationally renowned painter Opy Zouni with the consent of the family for a cultural event that would give the public a different perspective of her work. The paper presents a good example (useful for art curators and art managers) of a temporary exhibition of a university museum which connecting the contemporary art with the university heritage.
Web Application Prototype for Tourist Travel in the State of Querétaro, México
Authors: Ferrer Tenorio Jorge , Maldonado Castillo Idalia , Guzmán Flores Jessie Paulina
Published: May 2024

Digital marketing studies, artificial intelligence and tourism make a theoretical and practical contribution to the applied customer journey model. This model examines the influence on the purchase decision in the virtual context, where traveler’s share their experiences through reviews, interact with other customers and potential customers. This allows the tourist to examine, evaluate, buy, recommend, and build brand loyalty. In this work qualitative research was conducted, with the intention of evaluating the feasibility of using twitter information to design a progressive web application. The functionality of the application considers identifying tourist sites in Querétaro on the map, integrating the reviews with an artificial intelligence model that catalogues the sentiments in a text using hashtags; and traces a route to facilitate the visit. Tourists can record the emotions experienced before, during and after the service provided to continue feeding information into the app. This allows companies to get real-time customer feedback, user preferences, as well as to evaluate and compare their services with those of competitors.
About water
Authors: Rapp Christoph
Published: May 2024

Chapter 1 is a teaser on water that intends to motivate the reader to concern oneself with this precious element and hydraulics particularly. Water’s impact on the development of civilization, the discovery of its chemical components, its occurrence on our planet as well as its origin are discussed. Yet another item is water’s life enabling quality in the context of its physical properties. Water as the resource for various industrial processes brackets its importance to us. Therefore, water has played an important role on human life ever since and thus spiritual dedication at least in the major religious groups.
Momentum equation
Authors: Rapp Christoph
Published: May 2024

Two experiments of pipe and free surface flows are used in Chapter 10 to illustrate the scope of application of the momentum equation. These are in detail the flow through a nozzle and the force applied onto a sluice gate.
Steady pipe flow
Authors: Rapp Christoph
Published: May 2024

Chapter 11 is dedicated to steady pipe flow; however, the derivation of the Prandtl-Colebrook equations has been shifted to the Appendix. Hydraulic losses are considered for both, laminar and turbulent flow and the friction coefficient introduced into the energy equation, which is consequently depicted through energy diagrams. Minor losses, pumps and turbines are considered as local impacts and pipe junctions round up this important topic that is also accompanied by codes, experiments, and examples.
Steady free surface flow
Authors: Rapp Christoph
Published: May 2024

Steady free surface flow is Chapter 13’s topic which starts with the consideration of sub- and supercritical flow. From the Bernoulli equation for free surfaces, we make our way to the consideration of flows under sluice gates or over weirs, through syphon weirs or Venturi channels. Subsequently steady-state, uniform conditions and the describing equations are elaborated before nonuniform conditions are discussed. The chapter ends with the direct step method, for which, again, open-source codes are provided. At the end of the chapter the reader can solve problems of nonuniform free surface flows.
Bernoulli equation and energy diagrams
Authors: Rapp Christoph
Published: May 2024

In Chapter 8 water finally flows. Friction-free flow is described by the Bernoulli equation, where energy diagrams are also introduced. The base for pipe flow is laid and the phenomenon of cavitation is explained.
Outflow from openings
Authors: Rapp Christoph
Published: May 2024

Chapter 9 comprises the derivation of the Torricelli equation which is discussed in the framework of small and large openings, variable water levels and the acceleration of the water surface.
Caesarean section and risk of type 1 diabetes
Authors: Singh Tarini , Weiss Andreas , Vehik Kendra , Krischer Jeffrey , Rewers Marian , Toppari Jorma , Lernmark Åke , Hagopian William , Akolkar Beena , Bonifacio Ezio , Ziegler Anette-G. , Winkler Christiane ,   TEDDY Study Group
Published: May 2024

Aims/hypothesis

Delivery by Caesarean section continues to rise globally and has been associated with the risk of developing type 1 diabetes and the rate of progression from pre-symptomatic stage 1 or 2 type 1 diabetes to symptomatic stage 3 disease. The aim of this study was to examine the association between Caesarean delivery and progression to stage 3 type 1 diabetes in children with pre-symptomatic early-stage type 1 diabetes.

Methods

Caesarean section was examined in 8135 children from the TEDDY study who had an increased genetic risk for type 1 diabetes and were followed from birth for the development of islet autoantibodies and type 1 diabetes.

Results

The likelihood of delivery by Caesarean section was higher in children born to mothers with type 1 diabetes (adjusted OR 4.61, 95% CI 3.60, 5.90, p<0.0001), in non-singleton births (adjusted OR 4.35, 95% CI 3.21, 5.88, p<0.0001), in premature births (adjusted OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.53, 2.39, p<0.0001), in children born in the USA (adjusted OR 2.71, 95% CI 2.43, 3.02, p<0.0001) and in children born to older mothers (age group >28–33 years: adjusted OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.04, 1.35, p=0.01; age group >33 years: adjusted OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.58, 2.06, p<0.0001). Caesarean section was not associated with an increased risk of developing pre-symptomatic early-stage type 1 diabetes (risk by age 10 years 5.7% [95% CI 4.6%, 6.7%] for Caesarean delivery vs 6.6% [95% CI 6.0%, 7.3%] for vaginal delivery, p=0.07). Delivery by Caesarean section was associated with a modestly increased rate of progression to stage 3 type 1 diabetes in children who had developed multiple islet autoantibody-positive pre-symptomatic early-stage type 1 diabetes (adjusted HR 1.36, 95% CI 1.03, 1.79, p=0.02). No interaction was observed between Caesarean section and non-HLA SNPs conferring susceptibility for type 1 diabetes.

Conclusions/interpretation

Caesarean section increased the rate of progression to stage 3 type 1 diabetes in children with pre-symptomatic early-stage type 1 diabetes.

Data availability

Data from the TEDDY study (https://doi.org/10.58020/y3jk-x087) reported here will be made available for request at the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) Central Repository (NIDDK-CR) Resources for Research (R4R) (https://repository.niddk.nih.gov/).

Graphical Abstract
Differences in mental health problems in LGBT+ first year college students in Chile during the pandemic
Authors: Crockett Marcelo A. , Martínez-Nahuel Vania , Mac-Ginty Scarlett , Núñez Daniel , Langer Álvaro I. , Gaete Jorge
Published: May 2024

Purpose

To examine the differences in mental health problems by sexual orientation and gender identity in first-year university students in Chile during the pandemic. Methods: 7,213 first-year students aged 18 years and older from five universities participated as part of the World Mental Health - International College Student initiative in Chile. Students completed an online self-report survey between 2020 and 2021 that included measures of lifetime and 12-month major depressive episode, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, bipolar disorder, drug abuse/dependence, alcohol dependence, non-suicidal self-injuries, and suicidal risk. Prevalence of mental health problems were estimated and the differences by sexual orientation and gender identity were examined using logistic and multinomial logistic regression models. Results: Between 84.1% and 98% of lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, and other sexual and gender minority (LGBT+) students screened positive for at least one lifetime mental health problem and between 67.6% and 90.6% for two or more problems. For most outcomes, non-heterosexual (Odds Ratio [OR] between 1.25 and 7.00) and trans and gender nonconforming students (OR between 1.72 and 5.81) had significantly higher odds of positive screening for lifetime mental health problems than heterosexual and cisgender students, respectively. Similar results were observed for 12-month mental health problems. Conclusion: The results show differences in the prevalence of mental health problems in LGBT+ university students in Chile, which are consistent with those found in other countries. These results may be useful for planning interventions to improve the mental health of LGBT+ students.
The maximal subsemigroups of the ideals in a monoid of partial injections
Authors: Sareeto Apatsara , Koppitz Jörg
Published: May 2024

We study a submonoid of the well studied monoid $$POI_n$$

P
O

I
n

of all order-preserving partial injections on an n-element chain. The set $$IOF_n^{par}$$

I
O

F
n

par

of all partial transformations in $$POI_n$$

P
O

I
n

which are fence-preserving as well as parity-preserving forms a submonoid of $$POI_n$$

P
O

I
n

. We describe Green’s relations and ideals of $$IOF_n^{par}$$

I
O

F
n

par

. For each ideal of $$IOF_n^{par}$$

I
O

F
n

par

, we characterize the maximal subsemigroups. We observe that there are three different types of maximal subsemigroups.
Effect of imine-containing phenolic hardeners with different chain lengths and epoxy functionalities on thermal, mechanical, and healing properties of bio-based epoxy vitrimers
Authors: Kubota Ryuki , Sugane Kaito , Shibata Mitsuhiro
Published: May 2024

Mixtures of polyglycerol polyglycidyl ether (PGPE) and poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE) with different molar ratios were cured with imine-containing phenolic hardeners prepared by the reactions of vanillin with ethylene glycol bis(3-aminopropyl) ether, diethylene glycol bis(3-aminopropyl) ether, and a polyetheramine (JEFFAMINE® ED-600) to produce bio-based epoxy cured products. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) of the cured products revealed that the curing reaction of the epoxy and phenolic hydroxy groups was almost complete. The cross-linking density, glass transition temperature, and mechanical strength of the cured products decreased with decreasing the PGPE/PEGDGE ratio and increasing the oligoalkyleneoxy chain length of the phenolic hardeners. All cured products were healed three times at 100 °C under 2 MPa for 2 h. The healing efficiency, in terms of tensile strength, increased with decreasing PGPE/PEGDGE ratio and increasing oligoalkyleneoxy chain length. The polyetheramine-based cured product with the lowest PGPE/PEGDGE ratio exhibited the highest healing efficiency (94–97%), which only slightly decreased following repeated healing treatments.
Season, size, and sex: factors influencing monogenean prevalence and intensity on Gambusia affinis in New Zealand
Authors: Renner Ethan D. , Duggan Ian C.
Published: May 2024

A number of studies have been conducted on monogenean seasonality, though primarily in continental regions with wide annual temperatures ranges. We investigated seasonal changes in the prevalence and intensity of Salsuginus seculus infesting sexually dimorphic western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) in New Zealand. This represents the first examination of seasonality for this species globally, and the first seasonal assessment of any monogenean population in New Zealand, a temperate country with a mild oceanic climate. Prevalence and intensity of S. seculus with respect to fish size and sex was also examined. Prevalence of S. seculus changed temporally, peaking in summer, and was strongly positively correlated with algal concentrations. This relationship may be associated with increasing food levels, leading to an increase in fish courting and mating, resulting in high numbers and close physical associations of G. affinis individuals, facilitating transmission of the monogeneans. Thus, biotic factors may be important in determining temporal changes in S. seculus prevalence in New Zealand. Female G. affinis had a significantly higher prevalence and mean intensity of S. seculus than males. Longer fish had a higher mean intensity and prevalence of S. seculus. Female G. affinis likely host disproportionately more monogeneans as they are larger than males. Alternatively, females may have a compromised immune response during reproductive periods. Overall, seasonal change was observed in S. seculus prevalence and intensity under New Zealand’s mild climatic conditions, and the larger female G. affinis in this dimorphic species supported a greater prevalence and intensity of infestation than males.
Unmet need for mental health care among adolescents in Asia and Europe
Authors: Mori Yuko , Sourander Andre , Mishina Kaisa , Ståhlberg Tiia , Klomek Anat Brunstein , Kolaitis Gerasimos , Kaneko Hitoshi , Li Liping , Huong Mai Nguyen , Praharaj Samir Kumar , Kyrrestad Henriette , Lempinen Lotta , Heinonen Emmi
Published: May 2024

The unmet need for mental health care is a global concern. There is a lack of cross-cultural studies examining adolescent help-seeking behavior from both formal and informal sources, including both high-and lower-income countries. This study investigates mental health help-seeking behavior in eight Asian and European countries. Data from 13,184 adolescents aged 13–15 (51% girls) was analysed using mixed-effects logistic regression with school-wise random intercepts to compare countries and genders. Although a significant proportion of adolescents considered getting or sought informal help, formal help-seeking remained exceptionally low, especially in middle-income countries (< 1%), while it ranged from 2 to 7% in high-income countries. Among adolescents with high emotional and behavioral problems (scoring above the 90th percentile on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire), 1–2% of those in middle-income countries and 6–25% of those in high-income countries sought formal help. Girls generally seek more help than boys. The study shows the most adolescents do not receive formal help for mental health problems. The unmet need gap is enormous, especially in lower-income countries. Informal sources of support, including relatives, peers, and teachers, play a crucial role, especially in lower-income countries.
A Generalized Formulation for Group Selection via ADMM
Authors: Ke Chengyu , Shin Sunyoung , Lou Yifei , Ahn Miju
Published: May 2024

This paper studies a statistical learning model where the model coefficients have a pre-determined non-overlapping group sparsity structure. We consider a combination of a loss function and a regularizer to recover the desired group sparsity patterns, which can embrace many existing works. We analyze directional stationary solutions of the proposed formulation, obtaining a sufficient condition for a directional stationary solution to achieve optimality and establishing a bound of the distance from the solution to a reference point. We develop an efficient algorithm that adopts an alternating direction method of multiplier (ADMM), showing that the iterates converge to a directional stationary solution under certain conditions. In the numerical experiment, we implement the algorithm for generalized linear models with convex and nonconvex group regularizers to evaluate the model performance on various data types, noise levels, and sparsity settings.
The somatotroph pituitary gland function in high-aged multimorbid hospitalized patients with IGF-I deficiency
Authors: Tausendfreund Olivia , Bidlingmaier Martin , Martini Sebastian , Reif Hannah , Rippl Michaela , Schilbach Katharina , Schmidmaier Ralf , Drey Michael
Published: May 2024

Purpose

It is unclear whether the age-related decline in the somatotropic axis stems from a reduced growth hormone (GH) production in the pituitary gland, or from a peripheral origin akin to an acquired GH resistance. With the help of a GHRH/arginine test, high-aged multimorbid hospitalized patients with IGF-I deficiency are to be tested to determine whether there is primarily a pituitary GH deficiency in the sense of a somatopause.

Methods

Seventeen multimorbid patients (eleven men and six women) with a mean age of 82 years, with IGF-I concentrations below two standard deviations of 30-year-old men and women were identified. Patients suffered from a variety of common age-related stable diseases including coronary artery disease, chronic liver or kidney disease, chronic heart failure as well as acute conditions e.g., urosepsis or endocarditis. To assess the somatotropic axis they underwent a GHRH/arginine test. Results were evaluated using descriptive statistics.

Results

In average, the peak concentration of GH after stimulation was 14.8 µg/L with a range from 2.76 to 47.4 µg/L. Taking into account both, gender and BMI (with a mean of 26.5 kg/m²) for each participant, the pituitary gland was adequately stimulated in 16 out of the 17 patients. No patient reported common side effects related to the GHRH/arginine test.

Conclusion

The somatotroph pituitary gland retains its secretory capacity in the advanced aged. Therefore, age does not seem to be the driving pacemaker for the functional decline of the somatotropic axis within the aged population.
Consciousness and Perspectival De Se content
Authors: Sebastián Miguel Ángel
Published: May 2024

Most people think indexical thought has special content (de se content). However, it has been acknowledged that classical examples, such as those offered by Perry and Lewis, are insufficient to establish this conclusion. Ongoing discussions typically focus on first-person beliefs and their relationship to the explanation of successful behavior and linguistic practices. Instead, I want to direct attention to the phenomenal content of our conscious experiences and the largely neglected contribution that its comprehension can make to the way in which first-person representation is understood. This paper offers a novel argument for both the existence and a specific interpretation of the essential indexicality thesis based on widely accepted assumptions regarding the relation between phenomenology and representation. Specifically, I will argue that if (i) two different individuals can have token experiences with the same phenomenology and ii) two token experiences of ordinary subjects with the same phenomenology have the same phenomenal content, then phenomenal content is de se content of a particular kind: perspectival de se content.
Direct Regeneration of Spent Lithium-Ion Battery Cathodes: From Theoretical Study to Production Practice
Authors: Huang Meiting , Wang Mei , Yang Liming , Wang Zhihao , Yu Haoxuan , Chen Kechun , Han Fei , Chen Liang , Xu Chenxi , Wang Lihua , Shao Penghui , Luo Xubiao
Published: May 2024

Direct regeneration method has been widely concerned by researchers in the field of battery recycling because of its advantages of in situ regeneration, short process and less pollutant emission. In this review, we firstly analyze the primary causes for the failure of three representative battery cathodes (lithium iron phosphate, layered lithium transition metal oxide and lithium cobalt oxide), targeting at illustrating their underlying regeneration mechanism and applicability. Efficient stripping of material from the collector to obtain pure cathode material has become a first challenge in recycling, for which we report several pretreatment methods currently available for subsequent regeneration processes. We review and discuss emphatically the research progress of five direct regeneration methods, including solid-state sintering, hydrothermal, eutectic molten salt, electrochemical and chemical lithiation methods. Finally, the application of direct regeneration technology in production practice is introduced, the problems exposed at the early stage of the industrialization of direct regeneration technology are revealed, and the prospect of future large-scale commercial production is proposed. It is hoped that this review will give readers a comprehensive and basic understanding of direct regeneration methods for used lithium-ion batteries and promote the industrial application of direct regeneration technology.
Effectiveness of integrating mowing and systemic herbicides applied with a weed wiper for Sporobolus indicus var. pyramidalis management in Florida
Authors: Dias Jose C.L.S. , Mncube Temnotfo L. , Sellers Brent A. , Ferrell Jason A. , Enloe Stephen F. , Vendramini Joao M.B. , Moriel Philipe
Published: May 2024

Giant smutgrass [Sporobolus indicus (L.) R. Br. var. pyramidalis (P. Beauv.) Veldkamp] is an invasive species in grasslands, and herbicide application has been the most efficient management method to suppress this weed. Experiments were conducted in 2017 and 2018 to determine the effects of wiping glyphosate and hexazinone on S. indicus var. pyramidalis. A dose–response experiment using a handheld weed wiper was established with 20 treatments comprising two herbicides (glyphosate and hexazinone), uni- and bidirectional wiping methods, and 5 herbicide concentrations (6.25% v/v, 12.5% v/v, 25.0% v/v, 50.0% v/v, and 100% v/v basis). Data were collected 30 and 60 d after treatment (DAT). An ATV-mounted roto-type weed-wiper experiment was established in a strip-plot arrangement, with mowing as the horizontal strip, the wiping method (unidirectional vs. bidirectional) randomized as the vertical strip with three dosages of each herbicide for a total of 12 wiping treatments. Data were collected at 35 and 90 DAT. The percent plant mortality was calculated using differences in pre- and posttreatment plant counts. ANOVA and log-logistic linear regression were used to analyze the data. The dose–response experiment showed that S. indicus var. pyramidalis mortality increased with herbicide concentration, and mortality was greater with the bidirectional wiping method compared with the unidirectional method. Treatments wiped bidirectionally with glyphosate at 70% v/v, hexazinone at 30% v/v, and hexazinone at 60% v/v resulted in S. indicus var. pyramidalis mortality ranging from 75% to 98% by 90 DAT across all locations. The ATV-mounted weed-wiper experiment showed that mowing before herbicide application with weed wipers decreased the efficacy of both herbicides. Overall, both experiments indicate that S. indicus var. pyramidalis should be wiped bidirectionally using either glyphosate (70% v/v) or hexazinone (at least 30% v/v) to obtain satisfactory control. Further work should be conducted to determine whether seasonality impacts the response of S. indicus var. pyramidalis to mowing and the application of these herbicides.
Spreading dynamics of droplets impacting on oscillating hydrophobic substrates
Authors: Potnis Aditya , Saha Abhishek
Published: May 2024

Droplet impact on oscillating substrates is important for both natural and industrial processes. Recognizing the importance of the dynamics that arises from the interplay between droplet transport and substrate motion, in this work, we present an experimental investigation of the spreading of a droplet impacting a sinusoidally oscillating hydrophobic substrate. We focus particularly on the maximum spread of droplets as a function of various parameters of substrate oscillation. We first quantify the maximum spreading diameter attained by the droplets as a function of frequency, amplitude of vibration, and phase at the impact for various impact velocities. We highlight that there can be two stages of spreading. Stage I, which is observed at all impact conditions, is controlled by the droplet inertia and affected by the substrate oscillation. For certain conditions, a Stage II spreading is also observed, which occurs during the retraction process of Stage I due to additional energies imparted by the substrate oscillation. Subsequently, we derive scaling analyses to predict the maximum spreading diameters and the time for this maximum spread for both Stage I and Stage II. Furthermore, we identify the necessary condition for Stage II spreading to be greater than Stage I spreading. The results will enable optimization of the parameters in applications where substrate oscillation is used to control the droplet spread, and thus heat and mass transfer between the droplet and the substrate.
The effect of intermittency in wave forcing on the quasi-biennial oscillation
Authors: Ewetola M. , Esler J.G.
Published: May 2024

The Holton–Lindzen–Plumb (HLP) model of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) is investigated in order to assess the impact of introducing intermittency in the wave forcing. Intermittency is introduced to HLP by allowing the amplitude of the waves which force the QBO to evolve according to a stationary random process, driven by a stochastic differential equation (SDE) with an associated time scale

$\tau$

. Provided that

$\tau$

is much shorter than the QBO period, it is shown that the impact on the QBO of the intermittent forcing is captured by a single intermittency parameter

$\lambda$

, and the value of

$\lambda$

is proportional to

$\tau$

and otherwise depends upon the details of the SDE. Numerical simulations, using a family of mean-reverting Ornstein–Uhlenbeck processes as the choice of SDE, show that the effect of increasing the intermittency parameter is invariably to decrease the QBO amplitude and increase its period. Changes to the QBO amplitude and period are indeed found to collapse onto a single curve controlled by

$\lambda$

, as predicted by the theory, provided that

$\tau$

is small enough for the approximations used to be valid. The extension to broadband forcing is discussed in the context of stochastic gravity wave parameterisation, with the eventual goal of developing a representation of source intermittency in the most general situation with close fidelity to the physics.
Experimental study of a single bubble's motion in a liquid metal under a horizontal magnetic field
Authors: Gou Hao-Yang , Ni Ming-Jiu , Yao Zhao-Hui
Published: May 2024

An ultrasonic phased array system is introduced to study the three-dimensional (3-D) movement of a single bubble in a GaInSn alloy under a transverse magnetic field (MF), which is verified by bubble experiments in water. The 3-D motion trajectories of individual bubbles in the GaInSn are obtained under a horizontal MF. As the MF becomes stronger, the bubble successively oscillates in random directions (R mode), a direction perpendicular to the MF (V mode), a direction parallel to the MF (P mode) and finally it rises straight (S mode). The significant anisotropy of the oscillation directions at a moderate MF intensity may be due to the anisotropy of the vortex structure around the bubble. Furthermore, the oscillation amplitude gradually declines with increasing MF intensity until the bubble trajectory finally becomes a straight line. Our measurements allow us to specify the characteristic regions for the observed bubble modes in the

$N-Eo-Re$

parameter space (N is the magnetic interaction parameter, Eo is the Eötvös number and Re is the Reynolds number). In addition, more detailed characteristics of bubble terminal velocity are revealed, showing that the bubble velocities are closely related to the motion modes. The increase in bubble velocity at a moderate MF intensity is caused by the weakening oscillation. At a high strength, the MF monotonically suppresses the rise velocity of the bubble with a fixed scaling law.
Depressive symptoms in adolescence and adult educational and employment outcomes: a structured life course analysis
Authors: López-López José A. , Tilling Kate , Pearson Rebecca M. , Fazel Mina S. , Washbrook Elizabeth , Zhu Yiwen , Smith Brooke J. , Dunn Erin C. , Smith Andrew D. A. C.
Published: May 2024

Background

Depression is a common mental health disorder that often starts during adolescence, with potentially important future consequences including ‘Not in Education, Employment or Training’ (NEET) status.

Methods

We took a structured life course modeling approach to examine how depressive symptoms during adolescence might be associated with later NEET status, using a high-quality longitudinal data resource. We considered four plausible life course models: (1) an early adolescent sensitive period model where depressive symptoms in early adolescence are more associated with later NEET status relative to exposure at other stages; (2) a mid adolescent sensitive period model where depressive symptoms during the transition from compulsory education to adult life might be more deleterious regarding NEET status; (3) a late adolescent sensitive period model, meaning that depressive symptoms around the time when most adults have completed their education and started their careers are the most strongly associated with NEET status; and (4) an accumulation of risk model which highlights the importance of chronicity of symptoms.

Results

Our analysis sample included participants with full information on NEET status (N = 3951), and the results supported the accumulation of risk model, showing that the odds of NEET increase by 1.015 (95% CI 1.012–1.019) for an increase of 1 unit in depression at any age between 11 and 24 years.

Conclusions

Given the adverse implications of NEET status, our results emphasize the importance of supporting mental health during adolescence and early adulthood, as well as considering specific needs of young people with re-occurring depressed mood.
TWISTED ACTIONS ON COHOMOLOGIES AND BIMODULES
Authors: SHCHIGOLEV VLADIMIR
Published: May 2024

For closed subgroups L and R of a compact Lie group G, a left L-space X, and an L-equivariant continuous map
$A:X\to G/R$
, we introduce the twisted action of the equivariant cohomology
$H_R^{\bullet }(\mathrm {pt},\Bbbk )$
on the equivariant cohomology
$H_L^{\bullet }(X,\Bbbk )$
. Considering this action as a right action,
$H_L^{\bullet }(X,\Bbbk )$
becomes a bimodule together with the canonical left action of
$H_L^{\bullet }(\mathrm {pt},\Bbbk )$
. Using this bimodule structure, we prove an equivariant version of the Künneth isomorphism. We apply this result to the computation of the equivariant cohomologies of Bott–Samelson varieties and to a geometric construction of the bimodule morphisms between them.
Temporal Pattern and Profile of a Coastal‐Deep Sea Conveyor at a Marginal Deep Oligotrophic Sea
Authors: Alkalay Ronen , Weinstein Yishai , Herut Barak , Ozer Tal , Zlatkin Olga , Bar Tslil , Berman‐Frank Ilana , Katz Timor
Published: May 2024

Sediment trap data set and 234Th profiles (deep water excesses and deficits) reveal that particulate organic carbon (POC) export at the highly oligotrophic Levantine Sea is dominated by lateral transport from the nearby margin. These intermediate nepheloid layers (INL) operate at multi‐depth, with the silt‐to‐clay size particulate matter (PM) fraction transported at water depths of about 100–500 m, while finer fraction arrives also at deeper depths. The shallow NIL is triggered by winter storms, manipulated by coastal flash floods and shelf resuspension and assisted by cross‐shore currents, which allow the arrival of PM at a distance of 50 km within about 10 days. The deeper INL could be related to sediments initially driven to depth by density currents. Our data show that inter‐annual differences in sediment trap fluxes were related to changes in both the intensity of coastal floods and current velocity. The frequent observation of deep‐water 234Th excesses during a (relatively) low export winter (2018) is related to lessened cleansing of the water column, that is, reduced removal of fine‐grained PM by sinking coarser‐grained material. These observations highlight the importance of winter storm intensity in the POC budget of marginal seas like the Levantine Basin (LB) even in areas with limited river discharge. This further suggests that the anticipated increase in extreme weather events due to the on‐going climate change should have an impact on this coastal‐deep sea conveyor and on POC export in the LB.
Evaluation of Precipitation Forecast by the Operational China Meteorological Administration Mesoscale Model During the 2020 Meiyu Period
Authors: Shi Wenru , Zhu Kefeng , Li Xin , Zhang Bing
Published: May 2024

This study evaluated the precipitation forecast produced by the operational China Meteorological Administration Mesoscale model (CMA‐MESO) during the “super violent” Meiyu season of 2020. Generally, CMA‐MESO, which runs with ∼3‐km‐grid resolution, is able to reproduce the distribution and diurnal variation of precipitation. However, the precipitation amount is greatly overestimated, especially in eastern coastal areas of China. Precipitation in that region usually occurs with two peaks: one in the morning that mostly reflects organized precipitation systems, and the other in the afternoon generated mostly by local convection. Analyses showed that overestimation of low‐level wind speed is the main reason for the overestimation of precipitation. CMA‐MESO produces low‐level winds that are overly strong, which greatly enhance the predicted convergence at night, leading to overestimation of precipitation. Additionally, the stronger wind speed increases the estimated transport of water vapor to the eastern coastal area, producing fake convection near the coastal mountains as the perturbed wind direction turns toward the mountain area in the afternoon. In comparison with ERA5, CMA‐MESO tends to overestimate (underestimate) the temperature in the northwest (southeast), and the larger temperature gradient increases the pressure gradient, resulting in the stronger low‐level wind speed.
Mutations in the U4 snRNA gene RNU4-2 cause one of the most prevalent monogenic neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Greene Daniel , Thys Chantal , Berry Ian R. , Jarvis Joanna , Ortibus Els , Mumford Andrew D. , Freson Kathleen , Turro Ernest
Published: May 2024

Most people with intellectual disability (ID) do not receive a molecular diagnosis following genetic testing. To identify new etiologies of ID, we performed a genetic association analysis comparing the burden of rare variants in 41,132 noncoding genes between 5,529 unrelated cases and 46,401 unrelated controls. RNU4-2, which encodes U4 small nuclear RNA, a critical component of the spliceosome, was the most strongly associated gene. We implicated de novo variants among 47 cases in two regions of RNU4-2 in the etiology of a syndrome characterized by ID, microcephaly, short stature, hypotonia, seizures and motor delay. We replicated this finding in three collections, bringing the number of unrelated cases to 73. Analysis of national genomic diagnostic data showed RNU4-2 to be a more common etiological gene for neurodevelopmental abnormality than any previously reported autosomal gene. Our findings add to the growing evidence of spliceosome dysfunction in the etiologies of neurological disorders.