bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prediction of protein mutation effects based on dehydration and hydrogen bonding – A large‐scale study
Authors: Schomburg Karen T. , Nittinger Eva , Meyder Agnes , Bietz Stefan , Schneider Nadine , Lange Gudrun , Klein Robert , Rarey Matthias
Published: May 2017

Reliable computational prediction of protein side chain conformations and the energetic impact of amino acid mutations are the key aspects for the optimization of biotechnologically relevant enzymatic reactions using structure‐based design. By improving the protein stability, higher yields can be achieved. In addition, tuning the substrate selectivity of an enzymatic reaction by directed mutagenesis can lead to higher turnover rates. This work presents a novel approach to predict the conformation of a side chain mutation along with the energetic effect on the protein structure. The HYDE scoring concept applied here describes the molecular interactions primarily by evaluating the effect of dehydration and hydrogen bonding on molecular structures in aqueous solution. Here, we evaluate its capability of side‐chain conformation prediction in classic remutation experiments. Furthermore, we present a new data set for evaluating “cross‐mutations,” a new experiment that resembles real‐world application scenarios more closely. This data set consists of protein pairs with up to five point mutations. Thus, structural changes are attributed to point mutations only. In the cross‐mutation experiment, the original protein structure is mutated with the aim to predict the structure of the side chain as in the paired mutated structure. The comparison of side chain conformation prediction (“remutation”) showed that the performance of HYDEprotein is qualitatively comparable to state‐of‐the art methods. The ability of HYDEprotein to predict the energetic effect of a mutation is evaluated in the third experiment. Herein, the effect on protein stability is predicted correctly in 70% of the evaluated cases. Proteins 2017; 85:1550–1566. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intensive herbicide use has selected for constitutively elevated levels of stress‐responsive mRNAs and proteins in multiple herbicide‐resistant Avena fatua L
Authors: Keith Barbara K , Burns Erin E , Bothner Brian , Carey Charles C , Mazurie Aurélien J , Hilmer Jonathan K , Biyiklioglu Sezgi , Budak Hikmet , Dyer William E
Published: May 2017

BACKGROUND

Intensive use of herbicides has led to the evolution of two multiple herbicide‐resistant (MHR) Avena fatua (wild oat) populations in Montana that are resistant to members of all selective herbicide families available for A. fatua control in US small grain crops. We used transcriptome and proteome surveys to compare constitutive changes in MHR and herbicide‐susceptible (HS) plants associated with non‐target site resistance.

RESULTS

Compared to HS plants, MHR plants contained constitutively elevated levels of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with functions in xenobiotic catabolism, stress response, redox maintenance and transcriptional regulation that are similar to abiotic stress‐tolerant phenotypes. Proteome comparisons identified similarly elevated proteins including biosynthetic and multifunctional enzymes in MHR plants. Of 25 DEGs validated by RT‐qPCR assay, differential regulation of 21 co‐segregated with flucarbazone‐sodium herbicide resistance in F3 families, and a subset of 10 of these were induced or repressed in herbicide‐treated HS plants.

CONCLUSION

Although the individual and collective contributions of these DEGs and proteins to MHR remain to be determined, our results support the idea that intensive herbicide use has selected for MHR populations with altered, constitutively regulated patterns of gene expression that are similar to those in abiotic stress‐tolerant plants. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Low doses of glyphosate enhance growth, CO2 assimilation, stomatal conductance and transpiration in sugarcane and eucalyptus
Authors: Nascentes Renan F , Carbonari Caio A , Simões Plinio S , Brunelli Marcela C , Velini Edivaldo D , Duke Stephen O
Published: May 2017

INTRODUCTION

Sublethal doses of herbicides can enhance plant growth and stimulate other process, an effect known as hormesis. The magnitude of hormesis is dependent on the plant species, the herbicide and its dose, plant development stage and environmental parameters. Glyphosate hormesis is well established, but relatively little is known of the mechanism of this phenomenon. The objective of this study was to determine if low doses of glyphosate that cause growth stimulation in sugarcane and eucalyptus concomitantly stimulate CO2 assimilation.

RESULTS

Shoot dry weight in both species increased at both 40 and 60 days after application of 6.2 to 20.2 g a.e. ha−1 glyphosate. The level of enhanced shoot dry weight was 11 to 37%, depending on the time after treatment and the species. Concomitantly, CO2 assimilation, stomatal conductance and transpiration were increased by glyphosate doses similar to those that caused growth increases.

CONCLUSION

Glyphosate applied at low doses increased the dry weight of sugarcane and eucalyptus plants in all experiments. This hormetic effect was related to low dose effects on CO2 assimilation rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate, indicating that low glyphosate doses enhance photosynthesis of plants. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Acute toxicity of five pesticides to Apis mellifera larvae reared in vitro
Authors: Dai Pingli , Jack Cameron J , Mortensen Ashley N , Ellis James D
Published: May 2017

BACKGROUND

The reported high loss rates of managed honey bee colonies have been attributed to diverse stressors including pesticides. Honey bee larvae can be exposed to pesticides in contaminated nectar, pollen and wax. Due to the difficulties of rearing larvae in vitro, research focusing on adult bee exposure to pesticides is more common than that on larva exposure to pesticides. Herein, we aimed to assess the acute toxicity of five insecticides to honey bee larvae using an improved in vitro rearing method.

RESULTS

LC50 and LD50 were calculated for larvae at 72 h following a single diet exposure administered when the larvae were 84 ± 12 h old. Solvent control larval mortalities were less than 15% at 72 h. The LC50 values (mg L−1) for each tested pesticide were as follows: amitraz, 494.27; chlorpyrifos, 15.39; coumaphos, 90.01; fluvalinate, 27.69; and imidacloprid, 138.84. The LD50 values in µg per larva were 14.83 (amitraz), 0.46 (chlorpyrifos), 2.70 (coumaphos), 0.83 (fluvalinate) and 4.17 (imidacloprid).

CONCLUSION

The toxicity of the test pesticides to honey bee larvae from most to least toxic was chlorpyrifos > fluvalinate > coumaphos = imidacloprid > amitraz. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Assessing the effect of selection with deltamethrin on biological parameters and detoxifying enzymes in Aedes aegypti (L.)
Authors: Alvarez‐Gonzalez Leslie C , Briceño Arelis , Ponce‐Garcia Gustavo , Villanueva‐Segura O Karina , Davila‐Barboza Jesus A , Lopez‐Monroy Beatriz , Gutierrez‐Rodriguez Selene M , Contreras‐Perera Yamili , Rodriguez‐Sanchez Iram P , Flores Adriana E
Published: May 2017

BACKGROUND

Resistance to insecticides through one or several mechanisms has a cost for an insect in various parameters of its biological cycle. The present study evaluated the effect of deltamethrin on detoxifying enzymes and biological parameters in a population of Aedes aegypti selected for 15 generations. The enzyme activities of alpha‐ and beta‐esterases, mixed‐function oxidases and glutathione‐S‐transferases were determined during selection, along with biological parameters.

RESULTS

Overexpression of mixed‐function oxidases as a mechanism of metabolic resistance to deltamethrin was found. There were decreases in percentages of eggs hatching, pupation and age‐specific survival and in total survival at the end of the selection (F16). Although age‐specific fecundity was not affected by selection with deltamethrin, total fertility, together with lower survival, significantly affected gross reproduction rate, gradually decreasing due to deltamethrin selection. Similarly, net reproductive rate and intrinsic growth rate were affected by selection.

CONCLUSION

Alterations in life parameters could be due to the accumulation of noxious effects or deleterious genes related to detoxifying enzymes, specifically those coding for mixed‐function oxidases, along with the presence of recessive alleles of the V1016I and F1534C mutations, associating deltamethrin resistance with fitness cost in Ae. aegypti. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Relationship between weed dormancy and herbicide rotations: implications in resistance evolution
Authors: Darmency Henri , Colbach Nathalie , Le Corre Valérie
Published: May 2017

It is suggested that selection for late germinating seed cohorts is significantly associated with herbicide resistance in some cropping systems. In turn, it is conceivable that rotating herbicide modes of action selects for populations with mutations for increased secondary dormancy, thus partially overcoming the delaying effect of rotation on resistance evolution. Modified seed dormancy could affect management strategies – like herbicide rotation – that are used to prevent or control herbicide resistance. Here, we review the literature for data on seed dormancy and germination dynamics of herbicide‐resistant versus susceptible plants. Few studies use plant material with similar genetic backgrounds, so there are few really comparative data. Increased dormancy and delayed germination may co‐occur with resistance to ACCase inhibitors, but there is no clear‐cut link with resistance to other herbicide classes. Population shifts are due in part to pleiotropic effects of the resistance genes, but interaction with the cropping system is also possible. We provide an example of a model simulation that accounts for genetic diversity in the dormancy trait, and subsequent consequences for various cropping systems. We strongly recommend adding more accurate and detailed mechanistic modelling to the current tools used today to predict the efficiency of prevention and management of herbicide resistance. These models should be validated through long‐term experimental designs including mono‐herbicide versus chemical rotation in the field. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Strain in pseudomorphic monoclinic Ga2O3‐based heterostructures
Authors: Grundmann Marius
Published: May 2017

We calculate analytically, the epitaxial in‐plane and out‐of‐plane strains for pseudomorphic growth of monoclinic heterostructures for various substrate orientations, namely the (010) plane and all () planes, parametrized by the rotation angle against the (001) plane. Numerical examples are given for the sesquioxide semiconductor systems ()2O3/Ga2O3 (the alloy being under compressive strain) and ()2O3/Ga2O3 (tensile strain). Also, we calculate the strain energy density of the epilayer. By setting the monoclinic angle of the unit cell to , our theory applies also to the simpler case of orthorhombic heterostructures.

Elastic strain energy (relative units) of pseudomorphic monoclinic (In,Ga)2O3 (blue) and (Al,Ga)2O3 films (red) on ‐Ga2O3 as a function of the angle in the (010) azimuth
Polyphenols and Their Role in Obesity Management: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Farhat Grace , Drummond Sandra , Al‐Dujaili Emad A.S.
Published: May 2017

Polyphenols have been suggested to reduce body weight and modify body composition through different mechanisms. These effects have been extensively studied in animals andin vitroand to a lesser extent in humans. The aim of this review is to consider the association between polyphenols and body weight status by focusing on human intervention studies. We conducted a systematic literature search in MEDLINE (via EBSCOhost), ProQuest CENTRAL, and Cochrane CENTRAL without time restrictions. Randomized controlled trials assessing the effect of polyphenols on weight and/or body composition in the overweight and/or obese population were included. Nineteen studies met our inclusion criteria. Results suggest that further research is required before supporting a potential role of polyphenols in reducing weight in overweight and obese individuals (nine studies showed a significant decrease in weight by a mean of 1.47 ± 0.58 kg). Nevertheless, several studies indicated that polyphenols might be effective in preventing small increases in weight during periods of overfeeding rather than reducing weight as such. The outcomes noted do not yet support polyphenol supplementation as a complementary approach in weight loss diets. Further larger trials with a duration of 12 months or more are needed to elucidate the effect of polyphenols on body weight status. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical analysis of a shaking table test on dynamic structure‐soil‐structure interaction under earthquake excitations
Authors: Li Peizhen , Liu Shutong , Lu Zheng , Yang Jinping
Published: May 2017

Structure‐soil‐structure interaction (SSSI) phenomena under earthquake excitations are investigated in this paper. Based on the results of the shaking table test, this work presents a 3‐dimensional finite element numerical simulation method using ANSYS software. In the simulation, an equivalent linear model is assumed for soil behavior, and contact elements are adopted to consider the nonlinearity state of the interface between foundation and surrounding soil. In addition, constrained equations are added to manage the uncoordinated degrees of freedom. By comparing the results of the finite element analysis with data obtained from the shaking table test, the dynamic response of the shaking table test can be simulated properly. Finally, the dynamic response of adjacent structures considering the SSSI effect is analyzed. The results show that with increased excitation, contact pressure, strain amplitude, and pile slip increase, whereas the peak acceleration magnification coefficient decreases. These results are significant for studying the effect of SSSI on seismic responses of structures.
A New Europeanism before it is too Late
Authors: Reho Federico Ottavio
Published: May 2017

This article argues that the traditional European narrative based on the rhetoric of progress, openness, ‘an ever closer union’ and the ever greater sharing of sovereignty has lost traction with a significant percentage of the European electorate, who are gripped by frustration, insecurity and disarray. It sketches the broad lines of a new Europeanism, arguably one that would be better equipped to deal with populism and identity politics. It makes the case for a ‘leaner Europe’, less bureaucratic and intrusive, but also more openly political and culturally grounded.
Interannual changes in distribution of age-0 walleye pollock near the Pribilof Islands, Alaska, with reference to the prediction of pollock year-class strength
Authors: Winter Andreas G. , Swartzman Gordon L.
Published: May 2017

Walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) is a key species and a major commercial fishery target in the eastern Bering Sea (EBS). Recruitment of juveniles to the adult stock is largely determined by first-year survival in favourable nursery areas, and the waters around the Pribilof Islands are an important nursery area. Based on a six-year acoustic survey programme (September 1994–1999) to investigate abundance and distribution variations of age-0 pollock, we developed a set of predictive indices relating the age-0 Pribilof population to the EBS pollock stock at recruitment (age-3). EBS year-class strength at recruitment correlates with age-0 density, the spatial relationship between juveniles and euphausiids, and the degree of centricity of the age-0 distributions around the Pribilof Islands, i.e. neither too far inshore nor offshore. Seabird numbers and density ratios of predatory groundfish also influenced age-0 pollock distribution, but did not provide consistent discrimination among year classes. We hypothesize that age-0 pollock must transition from a copepod diet to a euphausiid diet by September to maximize their survival potential and to estab ish a strong adult cohort.
Refractory ventricular tachycardia caused by inflow cannula mechanical injury in a patient with left ventricular assist device: Catheter ablation and pathological findings
Authors: Pedretti Stefano , Cipriani Manlio , Bonacina Edgardo , Vargiu Sara , Gil Ad Vered , Frigerio Maria , Lunati Maurizio
Published: May 2017

In patients with left ventricular assist device (LVAD), a minority of post‐operative ventricular tachycardias (VTs) is caused by contact between the inflow cannula and the endocardium. Currently, electrophysiologic characteristics and pathologic features of this condition are lacking. We report on a case of a successfully ablated mechanical VT. After VT recurrence, heart transplantation took place. Pathologic observations were consistent with direct tissue injury and inflammation, eventually contributing to persisting arrhythmias. Radiofrequency catheter ablation can be a safe and effective option to treat arrhythmias caused by inflow cannula interference in the short term, although a high recurrence rate is expected.
The other capital infusion program: The case of the Small Business Lending Fund
Authors: Balla Eliana , Carpenter Robert E. , Robinson Breck L.
Published: May 2017

This study investigates banks' incentives to participate in the Small Business Lending Fund (SBLF) program, characteristics of the participants and their subsequent small business lending behavior. Our results show that participating banks were healthier, larger and located in states with faster private sector job growth. While banks that participated in the SBLF program experienced stronger growth in small business lending in comparison to their eligible non‐participating peers, the subset of institutions that used SBLF funds to repay their Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) obligations experienced weaker small business loan growth. Overall, participation in the SBLF program was limited to a small fraction of banks that were potentially eligible, but the program was successful in encouraging participants to grow their small business loan portfolios. However, our analysis indicates that a subset of participating banks used the SBLF program to exit TARP, thus limiting the success of the SBLF program.
Pain anxiety and fear of (re) injury in patients with chronic back pain: Sex as a moderator
Authors: Kreddig Nina , Hasenbring Monika I.
Published: May 2017

Graphical Abstract
A Critique of Archaeological Reason
Authors: Buccellati Giorgio
Published: May 2017

In A Critique of Archaeological Reason, Giorgio Buccellati presents a theory of excavation that aims at clarifying the nature of archaeology and its impact on contemporary thought. Integrating epistemological issues with methods of data collection and the role and impact of digital technology on archaeological work, the book explores digital data in order to comprehend its role in shaping meaning and understanding in archaeological excavation. The ability of archaeologists to record in the field, rather than offsite, has fundamentally changed the methods of observation, conceptualization, and interpretation of deposits. Focusing on the role of stratigraphy as the center of archaeological field work, Giorgio Buccellati examines the challenges of interpreting a 'broken tradition'; a civilization for which there are no living carriers today. He uses the site of Urkesh in Syria, where he has worked for decades, as a case study to demonstrate his theory.
The Unsteady State
Authors: Culver Keith , Giudice Michael
Published: May 2017

Analytical jurisprudence often proceeds with two key assumptions: that all law is either contained in or traceable back to an authorizing law-state, and that states are stable and in full control of the borders of their legal systems. What would a general theory of law be like and do if these long-standing presumptions were loosened? The Unsteady State aims to assess the possibilities by enacting a relational approach to explanation of law, exploring law's relations to the environment, security, and technology. The account provided here offers a rich and renewed perspective on the preconditions and continuity of legal order in systemic and non-systemic forms, and further supports the view that the state remains prominent yet is now less dominant in the normative lives of norm-subjects and as an object of legal theory.
Greening Democracy
Authors: Milder Stephen
Published: May 2017

Greening Democracy explains how nuclear energy became a seminal political issue and motivated new democratic engagement in West Germany during the 1970s. Using interviews, as well as the archives of environmental organizations and the Green party, the book traces the development of anti-nuclear protest from the grassroots to parliaments. It argues that worries about specific nuclear reactors became the basis for a widespread anti-nuclear movement only after government officials' unrelenting support for nuclear energy caused reactor opponents to become concerned about the state of their democracy. Surprisingly, many citizens thought transnationally, looking abroad for protest strategies, cooperating with activists in other countries, and conceiving of 'Europe' as a potential means of circumventing recalcitrant officials. At this nexus between local action and global thinking, anti-nuclear protest became the basis for citizens' increasing engagement in self-governance, expanding their conception of democracy well beyond electoral politics and helping to make quotidian personal concerns political.
The Commercial Appropriation of Fame
Authors: Tan David
Published: May 2017

Celebrities can sell anything from cars to clothing, and we are constantly fascinated by their influence over our lifestyle choices. This book makes an important contribution to legal scholarship about the laws governing the commercial appropriation of fame. Exploring the right of publicity in the US and the passing off action in the UK and Australia, David Tan demonstrates how an appreciation of the production, circulation and consumption of fame can be incorporated into a pragmatic framework to further the understanding of the laws protecting the commercial value of the celebrity personality. Using contemporary examples such as social media and appropriation art, Tan shows how present challenges for the law may be addressed using this cultural framework. This book will be of interest to intellectual property law academics, judges, practitioners and students in the US and common law jurisdictions, as well as those in the field of cultural studies.
Data Considerations when Teaming with Avocational Detectorists
Authors: Espenshade Christopher T.
Published: May 2017

As professional archaeologists and avocational detectorists increasingly collaborate in field research, professional archaeologists must consider how the use of avocational detectorists may bias data. The potential biases may include the following: highly diverse discovery rates; underrepresentation of certain classes of artifacts, especially ferrous items; work rates less than those of professional archaeologists; and amplified areas of negative data due to a self-fulfilling prophecy. Archaeologists are encouraged to collect the information needed to help recognize such biases and to regiment data collection to minimize biases.
Towards improved estimates of sea-ice algal biomass: experimental assessment of hyperspectral imaging cameras for under-ice studies
Authors: Cimoli Emiliano , Lucieer Arko , Meiners Klaus M. , Lund-Hansen Lars Chresten , Kennedy Fraser , Martin Andrew , McMinn Andrew , Lucieer Vanessa
Published: May 2017

Ice algae are a key component in polar marine food webs and have an active role in large-scale biogeochemical cycles. They remain extremely under-sampled due to the coarse nature of traditional point sampling methods compounded by the general logistical limitations of surveying in polar regions. This study provides a first assessment of hyperspectral imaging as an under-ice remote-sensing method to capture sea-ice algae biomass spatial variability at the ice/water interface. Ice-algal cultures were inoculated in a unique inverted sea-ice simulation tank at increasing concentrations over designated cylinder enclosures and sparsely across the ice/water interface. Hyperspectral images of the sea ice were acquired with a pushbroom sensor attaining 0.9 mm square pixel spatial resolution for three different spectral resolutions (1.7, 3.4, 6.7 nm). Image analysis revealed biomass distribution matching the inoculated chlorophyllaconcentrations within each cylinder. While spectral resolutions >6 nm hindered biomass differentiation, 1.7 and 3.4 nm were able to resolve spatial variation in ice algal biomass implying a coherent sensor selection. The inverted ice tank provided a suitable sea-ice analogue platform for testing key parameters of the methodology. The results highlight the potential of hyperspectral imaging to capture sea-ice algal biomass variability at unprecedented scales in a non-invasive way.
Regulatory Framework for Conducting Clinical Research in Canada
Authors: Alas Josmar K. , Godlovitch Glenys , Mohan Connie M. , Jelinski Shelly A. , Khan Aneal A.
Published: May 2017

Research in human subjects is at the core of achieving improvements in health outcomes. For clinical trials, in addition to the peer review of the results before publication, it is equally important to consider whether the trial will be conducted in a manner that generates data of the highest quality and provides a measure of safety for the participating subjects. In Canada, there is no definitive legislation that governs the conduct of research involving human subjects, but a network of regulations at different levels does provide a framework for both principal investigators and sponsors. In this paper, we provide an overview of the federal, provincial and institutional legislation, guidelines and policies that will inform readers about the requirements for clinical trial research. This includes a review of the role of the Food and Drug Regulations under the Food and Drugs Act and the Tri-Council Policy Statement (TCPS2), an overview of provincial legislation across the country, and a focus on selected policies from institutional research ethics boards and public health agencies. Many researchers may find navigation through regulations frustrating, and there is a paucity of information that explains the interrelationship between the different regulatory agencies in Canada. Better understanding the process, we feel, will facilitate investigators interested in clinical trials and also enhance the long-term health of Canadians.
Archaeology, Heritage, and Social Value: Public Perspectives on European Archaeology
Authors: Kajda Kornelia , Marx Amala , Wright Holly , Richards Julian , Marciniak Arkadiusz , Rossenbach Kai Salas , Pawleta Michal , van den Dries Monique H. , Boom Krijn , Guermandi Maria Pia , Criado-Boado Felipe , Barreiro David , Synnestvedt Anita , Kotsakis Kostantinos , Kasvikis Kostantinos , Theodoroudi Eleftheria , Lüth Friedrich , Issa Mayssoun , Frase Isabelle
Published: May 2017

This article presents the key results of a major survey carried out by the NEARCH project on the public perception of archaeology and heritage across Europe. The analysis focuses on three main points of significance for contemporary archaeological practice. The first is the image of archaeology and its definition in the perception of the general public. The second concerns the values that archaeology represents for the public. The third focuses on the social expectations placed on archaeologists and archaeology. The NEARCH survey clearly indicates that there is a significant public expectation by Europeans that archaeology should work comprehensively across a broad range of areas, and that cultural heritage management in general needs to engage more with different archaeological and heritage groups.
Pharmacists’ Familiarity with and Institutional Utilization of Rapid Diagnostic Technologies for Antimicrobial Stewardship
Authors: Foster Rachel A. , Kuper Kristi , Lu Z. Kevin , Bookstaver P. Brandon , Bland Christopher M. , Mahoney Monica V.
Published: May 2017

Rapid diagnostic technologies (RDTs) significantly reduce organism identification time and can augment antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) activities. An electronic survey quantified familiarity with and utilization of RDTs by clinical pharmacists participating in ASPs. Familiarity was highest with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Formal infectious diseases training was the only significant factor influencing RDT familiarity.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:863–866
MEDIA EXPOSURE AND REGIME SUPPORT UNDER COMPETITIVE AUTHORITARIANISM: EVIDENCE FROM SOUTH KOREA
Authors: Cho Joan E. , Lee Jae Seung , Song B.K.
Published: May 2017

This study explores whether and how exposure to mass media affects regime support in competitive authoritarian regimes. Using geographical and temporal variation in newspaper circulation and radio signal strength in South Korea under Park Chung Hee's competitive authoritarian rule (1961–1972), we find that greater exposure to media was correlated with more opposition to the authoritarian incumbent, but only when the government's control of the media was weaker. When state control of the media was stronger, the correlation between media exposure and regime support disappeared. Through a content analysis of newspaper articles, we also demonstrate that the regime's tighter media control is indeed associated with pro-regime bias in news coverage. These findings from the South Korean case suggest that the liberalizing effect of mass media in competitive authoritarian regimes is conditional on the extent of government control over the media.
Experimental Investigation of Mechanical Properties of PMMA Nanocomposites Containing Various Contents of Prevalent Nanofillers from Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis Point of View
Authors: Hasanzadeh R. , Rashahmadi S. , Memari H.
Published: May 2017

Poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) was melt compounded with different nanoparticles using a twin-screw extruder. Nano TiO2, SiO2 and Al2O3 in 0.5, 1 and 2 wt% were added to the polymeric matrix as reinforcements. Nine polymeric nanocomposite samples were injection molded. Impact strength, Young's modulus, Rockwell hardness-R and cost of raw materials were considered as different criteria. Two procedures of multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) methods were performed for solving material selection problem. Criteria weighting was performed using analytical hierarchy process (AHP). According to weights that obtained from AHP, the alternative ranking was implemented using TOPSIS (the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution) and MOORA (multi-objective optimization on the basis of ratio analysis) methods. The results indicated that the addition of nanoparticles to the polymeric matrix was significantly improved mechanical properties. The results showed a 94% and 229% improvement in impact strength for PMMA containing 1 and 2 wt% TiO2 compared to pure PMMA. The results also revealed that hardness and Young's modulus of PMMA were increased by addition of different nanoparticles. The implementation of MCDM methods illustrated that PMMA-2 wt% TiO2 is the best alternative. Also, PMMA-1 wt% TiO2 and PMMA-2 wt% SiO2 are the next alternatives, respectively.
THE DOUBLE SHUFFLE RELATIONS FOR MULTIPLE EISENSTEIN SERIES
Authors: BACHMANN HENRIK , TASAKA KOJI
Published: May 2017

We study the multiple Eisenstein series introduced by Gangl, Kaneko and Zagier. We give a proof of (restricted) finite double shuffle relations for multiple Eisenstein series by revealing an explicit connection between the Fourier expansion of multiple Eisenstein series and the Goncharov co-product on Hopf algebras of iterated integrals.
Luck of the Draw? Private Members’ Bills and the Electoral Connection
Authors: Williams Brian D. , Indridason Indridi H.
Published: May 2017

The legislative agenda in most parliamentary systems is controlled tightly by the government and bills offered by individual members of parliament have low rates of success. Yet, members of parliament (MPs) do seek to present (private) members’ bills even where the rate of adoption is very low. We argue that members’ bills serve as an electoral connection but also as an opportunity for MPs to signal competence to their co-partisans. To demonstrate the presence of an electoral connection we take advantage of the random selection of private members’ bills in the New Zealand House of Representatives and show that survey respondents approve more of electorate MPs whose bills were drawn on the ballot. In addition, we show that MPs respond to the incentives created by the voters and parties’ willingness to reward legislative effort and, consequently, that electorally vulnerable legislators are more likely to place members’ bills on the ballot.
Serum carotenoid and retinol levels in African-Caribbean Tobagonian men with high prostate cancer risk in comparison with African-American men
Authors: McDonald Alicia C. , Bunker Clareann H. , Raman Jay , Richie John , Patrick Alan L.
Published: May 2017

Black men are known to have a higher risk for prostate cancer (PC). Carotenoids and retinol, linked to PC, have not been compared in different black populations at risk. We examined serum carotenoid and retinol levels between PC-free African-Caribbean (AC) Tobagonian men with a high PC risk (high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, atypical foci or repeated abnormal PC screenings) and African-American (AA) men with elevated serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels (≥4 ng/ml). AC men who participated in the 2003 lycopene clinical trial and AA men who participated in the 2001–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were compared. Serum specimens were analysed for carotenoid (β-carotene,α-carotene,β-cryptoxanthin, lutein/zeaxanthin and lycopene) and retinol levels by isocratic HPLC. Quantile regression was used to examine the association between serum carotenoid and retinol levels and black ethnicity, overall and among men with elevated serum PSA. There were sixty-nine AC men and sixty-five AA men, aged 41–79 years, included. AC men were associated with lower serum lycopene and retinol levels, and higher serumα- andβ-carotenes and lutein/zeaxanthin levels compared with AA men, after adjusting for age, BMI, ever smoked cigarettes, education and hypertension (P≤0·03). Among men with elevated PSA, serum retinol was no longer statistically significant with ethnicity (P=0·06). Possible differences may be attributed to dietary intake, genetics and/or factors that influence bioavailability of these micronutrients. Prospective studies are warranted that investigate whether these differences in micronutrients between AC Tobagonian and AA men influence PC risk.
Molecular typing ofGiardia duodenalisin humans in Queensland – first report of Assemblage E
Authors: ZAHEDI ALIREZA , FIELD DANIEL , RYAN UNA
Published: May 2017

Little is known about the genetic diversity of the protozoan parasite,Giardia duodenalis,infecting humans in Queensland, Australia. The present study typed 88 microscopicallyGiardia-positive isolates using assemblage-specific primers at the triose phosphate isomerase (tpi) gene and sequenced a subset of isolates at the glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) gene (n= 30) andtpilocus (n= 27). Using thetpi-assemblage specific primers,G. duodenalisassemblage A and assemblage B were detected in 50% (44/88) and 38·6% (34/88) of samples, respectively. Mixed infections with assemblages A and B were identified in 4·5% (4/88) and assemblage E was identified in 6·8% (6/88) of samples. Sequence analysis at thegdhandtpiloci also confirmed the presence of assemblage E in these isolates. Cyst numbers per gram of feces (g−1) were determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and of the isolates that were typed as assemblage E, cyst numbers ranged 13·8–68·3 × 106cysts g−1. This is the first report of assemblage E in humans in Australia, indicating that in certain settings, this assemblage may be zoonotic.
A comparison of disease susceptibility and innate immune response between diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) siblings following experimental infection with Neoparamoeba perurans, causative agent of amoebic gill disease
Authors: CHALMERS LYNN , TAYLOR JOHN F. , ROY WILLIAM , PRESTON ANDREW C. , MIGAUD HERVE , ADAMS ALEXANDRA
Published: May 2017

Few studies have focussed on the health and immunity of triploid Atlantic salmon and therefore much is still unknown about their response to commercially significant pathogens. This is important if triploid stocks are to be considered for full-scale commercial production. This study aimed to investigate and compare the response of triploid and diploid Atlantic salmon to an experimental challenge with Neoparamoeba perurans, causative agent of amoebic gill disease (AGD). This disease is economically significant for the aquaculture industry. The results indicated that ploidy had no significant effect on gross gill score or gill filaments affected, while infection and time had significant effects. Ploidy, infection and time did not affect complement or anti-protease activities. Ploidy had a significant effect on lysozyme activity at 21 days post-infection (while infection and time did not), although activity was within the ranges previously recorded for salmonids. Stock did not significantly affect any of the parameters measured. Based on the study results, it can be suggested that ploidy does not affect the manifestation or severity of AGD pathology or the serum innate immune response. Additionally, the serum immune response of diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon may not be significantly affected by amoebic gill disease.
Ten month outcome of cognitive behavioural therapy v. interpersonal psychotherapy in patients with major depression: a randomised trial of acute and maintenance psychotherapy
Authors: Mulder R. , Boden J. , Carter J. , Luty S. , Joyce P.
Published: May 2017

Background

Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) and interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) are the most studied psychotherapies for treatment of depression, but they are rarely directly compared particularly over the longer term. This study compares the outcomes of patients treated with CBT and IPT over 10 months and tests whether there are differential or general predictors of outcome.

Methods

A single centre randomised controlled trial (RCT) of depressed outpatients treated with weekly CBT or IPT sessions for 16 weeks and then 24 weeks of maintenance CBT or IPT. The principle outcome was depression severity measured using the MADRS. Pre-specified predictors of response were in four domains: demographic depression, characteristics, comorbidity and personality. Data were analysed over 16 weeks and 40 weeks using general linear mixed effects regression models.

Results

CBT was significantly more effective than IPT in reducing depressive symptoms over the 10 month study largely because it appeared to work more quickly. There were no differential predictors of response to CBT v. IPT at 16 weeks or 40 weeks. Personality variables were most strongly associated with overall outcome at both 16 weeks and 40 weeks. The number of personality disorder symptoms and lower self-directness and reward dependence scores were associated with poorer outcome for both CBT and IPT at 40 weeks.

Conclusions

CBT and IPT are effective treatments for major depression over the longer term. CBT may work more quickly. Personality variables are the most relevant predictors of outcome.
Prominence of gender cues in the assignment of thematic roles in German
Authors: ESAULOVA YULIA , REALI CHIARA , VON STOCKHAUSEN LISA
Published: May 2017

Two eye-tracking experiments examined influences of grammatical and stereotypical gender cues on the assignment of thematic roles in German. Participants (N1= 32,N2= 40) read sentences with subject- and object-extracted relative clauses, where thematic agents and patients remained ambiguous until the end of the relative clause. The results reveal a linguistic gender bias: agent roles are assigned more easily to grammatically masculine than feminine role nouns and stereotypically neutral than female ones. The opposite pattern is observed in the assignment of patient roles for stereotypical but not grammatical gender. The findings are discussed within the framework of situation model theories as well as in constraint-based and similarity-based interference accounts, while gender is viewed as a dimension of prominence.
Social support and care arrangements of older people living alone in rural Malaysia
Authors: EVANS NATALIE , ALLOTEY PASCALE , IMELDA JOANNA D. , REIDPATH DANIEL D. , POOL ROBERT
Published: May 2017

Malaysia has an ageing population and an increasing number of older people who live alone. This study explores the social support and care arrangements of older people living alone in rural Malaysia. The study took a qualitative approach: semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of Malay (N = 20) and Chinese (N = 20) Malaysians aged over 65. Five cross-cutting themes were identified through a thematic analysis: degrees of aloneness; relationships and social support; barriers to social support; and future illness, care and death. All participants said they lived alone; living arrangements, however, were often complex. For Malays, most support came from nearby adult children and relatives, whereas Chinese participants, who less frequently had adult children living locally, emphasised support from friends and neighbours. Emigrant adult children's assistance was mostly informational and financial, instrumental assistance was either substituted for money, or provided solely during periods of ill-health. Physical decline, limited telephone use, inadequate transportation and fears of crime were barriers to social support. Participants avoided thinking or talking about future care needs. These findings have implications for Malaysian old age policy, which is currently focused on supporting families to care for older relatives. Child migration and a growing preference for a period of independent living in old age may require policies and resources directed at older people as individuals to support their own efforts to remain independent, active and age ‘in place’.
Changing Employment Patterns in New York
Authors: Boisvert Richard N.
Published: May 2017

Although population, employment and income rose throughout the country during the 1960's, growth in New York was less rapid than in the country at large. Population in the state increased by 8.7 percent in the 1960–70 decade, compared with 10.7 percent in the nation. Per capita incomes also rose during the period but by only 65 percent in the state, compared to 78 percent nationwide; the ways in which New Yorkers were earning a living changed dramatically. Manufacturing employment by place of residence declined by 13.4 percent between 1960 and 1970, but nearly a quarter of all jobs in the state remained in manufacturing. Agriculture and agriculturally related jobs declined; the largest growth areas were trade and services. Outstripping the growth in the nation as a whole, employment in the trade and service sectors accounted for two-thirds of all jobs in New York by 1970.
Planning Agricultural Exports in a Developing Country: The Indian Case
Authors: Mukherjee Tridib K. , Moore John R.
Published: May 2017

Objective

This paper reports findings of a study of how India has planned her agricultural exports, the problems she has encountered, and the lessons she has learned in the process of value to other developing countries. The problems and lessons are discussed in detail after a general overview of India's planning system and trade situation.

Introduction

India gained independence in 1947 and has since followed a socialistic economic policy. Such a policy has proven rather difficult, however, due to a lack of government finances and ownership of most means of production. To help make and implement her economic policies, the Indian government has established a planning commission. It is responsible for drawing up the country's five-year plans and seeing they are implemented by the government's various executive ministries. India is currently in her fourth five-year plan (1969–1974).
An Economic Evaluation of Selected Manure Disposal Systems
Authors: Gaede Harold W. , Christensen Robert L. , Ashraf Muhammad
Published: May 2017

Environmental pollution is defined as “the unfavorable alteration of our surroundings through direct or indirect effects on the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of our air, land, and water influenced primarily by man's actions. Some of the major variables, elements of the problem, and problems related to farm animal waste management can be found in Table 1.
Milk Supply Response in Delaware
Authors: Elterich G. Joachim , Masud Sharif
Published: May 2017

Milk supply response by dairy farmers in Delaware was analyzed employing distributed lag price structures for number of milk cows and milk production per cow. A polynominal distributed lag model is fitted to quarterly data with deflated prices for the period 1966 to 1978. The variations in the number of milk cows is explained by about 98 percent. Farmers react positively to milk prices after 1–2 years, while wages and feed prices have a negative impact on cow numbers. Milk production per cow shows positive adjustments to milk prices after 6 to 15 months. Technology and feed prices influence also milk production While the short-run price elasticity of milk production is only .2, the long-run aggregate elasticity grows to 2.8 percent. Intermediate-run projections of milk supply were also performed with the model.
Flood Proofing Decisions Under Uncertainty
Authors: Willis Cleve E. , Aklilu Petros
Published: May 2017

Flood proofing first entered the flood damage reduction literature with the pioneering work of John Sheaffer. Prior to this, flood control measures considered were predominantly structural – consisting of dams, levees, dikes, channel improvements, etc. The addition of flood proofing to other flood damage reduction measures has broadened the choice among the existing alternatives for decision makers. Unlike the structural measures, flood proofing measures do not actually reduce flood stage or prevent the water from reaching the structures, but rather are as considered by Sheaffer, “adjustments to structures and contents which are designed and/or adopted primarily to reduce flood damages”.
A Multi-Sensor Approach to the Interpretation of Radar Altimeter Wave Forms from Two Arctic Ice Caps
Authors: Drinkwater Mark R. , Dowdeswell Julian A.
Published: May 2017

Data collected over Svalbard on 28 June 1984 by a 13.81 GHz airborne radar altimeter enabled analysis of signals returned from two relatively large ice masses. Wave forms received over the ice caps of Austfonna and Vestfonna are analysed with the aid of existing aerial photography, radio echo-sounding data, and Landsat MSS images acquired close to the date of the altimeter flight. Results indicate that altimeter wave forms are controlled mainly by surface roughness and scattering characteristics. Wet snow surfaces have narrow 3 dB back-scatter half-angles and cause high-amplitude signals, in contrast to relatively dry snow surfaces with lower-amplitude diffuse signals. Metre-scale surface roughness primarily affects wave-form amplitude and leading-edge slope, this becoming apparent over ice streams on Vestfonna.