bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanizmy współfinansowania kosztów opieki zdrowotnej w wybranych krajach Unii Europejskiej - analiza porównawcza
Authors: Lis Stanisław , Skuza Krzysztof
Published: September 2024

The article analyses the co-financing of health services in the health care systems of the countries of the European Union, which are based on different variations of the two main models: the insurance model and the national health care model. Comparative analysis of the characteristics of health care financing systems is the starting point for a presentation of the issue common to all countries, which is to seek ways to reduce the growth rate of public expenditures on health. One of the methods on the table is to have patients finance part of the health services delivered. However, the level and scope of co-financing of these services by patients vary widely between countries that use an insurance-based model and those with a national health service one. The article presents a critical analysis of policies and levels of patient co-participation in different types of health services in selected EU countries (including Poland), along with a comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of the different solutions.
Wpływ kryzysu na rozwój małego przedsiębiorstwa
Authors: Gorzelany-Dziadkowiec Magdalena , Kozień Ewa
Published: September 2024

The article identifies and analyses the reasons crisis befalls enterprises, and their influence on enterprise survival and growth. Analyses were performed based on small and micro- enterprises, both important components of an economy. The investigations were performed for three firms and were done in two stages. The small businesses surveyed may be found in the first two phases of L. E. Greiner's model. Emerging crises are overcome by delegating power and cooperating. In the second stage of the research, the owners answered a questionnaire concerning the cause of crisis and its influence on enterprise growth.
Struktura kredytów a wahania cykliczne w Polsce
Authors: Jędruchniewicz Andrzej
Published: September 2024

The study sought to answer the question of whether the structure of loans borrowed by companies and households was consistent with the theses of the Austrian school which states that over the business cycle relative changes in the production of goods occur and depend on the degree of remoteness from the consumer goods and on their durability. In the years 2005-2011, Polish households contributed a much higher share of total loans to the real sector than did companies. However, business loans and household property loans, taken together, constituted the vast majority of all loans. The analysis conducted for those years showed that the loan structure in the 2005-2008 growth stage when compared to the 2009-2011 growth stage shows better agreement with the Austrian theory than the 2009-2011 growth stage (especially its initial part). This is evident in the change of the loan structure by entities and sectors.
Uwarunkowania rozwoju oraz system certyfikacji i kontroli rolnictwa ekologicznego w Polsce
Authors: Kasperowicz-Stępień Alicja
Published: September 2024

Ecological agriculture is a dynamically developing part of agriculture in Poland and the world alike. Production done by ecological methods yields agricultural products in such a way as to maximise production methods which do not interfere with the balance of nature. To boost the credibility of ecological products among consumers both in Poland and throughout the world, it is essential that the oversight and certification of these products be bolstered. The aim of this paper is to analyse the conditions for development and for the control and certification system of ecological agriculture in Poland.
W poszukiwaniu ładu terminologicznego: zdolność płatnicza, płynność finansowa, wypłacalność
Authors: Stępień Konrad
Published: September 2024

Being solvent determines whether or not an enterprise exists in a market economy. A lack of solvency is therefore one reason businesses fail. In the economics literature, beside the notion of solvency there are also the ideas of financial liquidity and the ability to pay. Some authors identify these notions as being interchangeable, while others differentiate them, ascribing to them different essential ranges and a different character of mutual relation. This paper explains the meaning of these notions and also describes the mutual relations between them.
Analiza statystyczna związku między zakresem działalności towarzystw ubezpieczeń wzajemnych w Polsce a ich efektywnością
Authors: Płonka Maria , Jedynak Tomasz
Published: September 2024

This article aims to answer the question of whether there is a relationship between the scope of insurance business declared by a mutual insurance company (MIC) - based on supervisory approval - and the effectiveness of that MIC, as measured by standard financial indicators. As a result of posing the thesis in these terms, the MICs studied were arbitrarily split into those with a small range of activity (up to 9 classes), and those with a large range of activities (more than 9 classes). The effectiveness of the two groups was then analysed. The statistical study covers the years 1996-2010. The first section outlines the general position and efficiency of MICs on the Polish insurance market in the years 2000-2010, as measured by value of gross premiums written and net income. The second part presents the results of an empirical study on the relationships between a range of activities of MICs acting in Section II and their effectiveness as measured by the following indicators: the value of gross premiums written, the value of premiums, acquisition costs, administration costs, net results, and the profitability of sales (ROS). The paper ends with conclusions.
Finansowanie inwestycji w gospodarce wodno-ściekowej w Polsce
Authors: Rosiek Ksymena
Published: September 2024

One of the challenges contemporary economies face is to ensure a sufficient supply of optimal quality water for different user needs while at the same time preserving the principles of ecosystem protection. Poland deals with a significant developmental and civil challenge in this area, mainly due to previous negligence in sewage management. When it joined the European Union, Poland assumed certain obligations in this area resulting from the implementation of the so-called Sewage Sludge Directive and the Water Framework Directive. At the same time, the EU budget designated financial resources to facilitate quicker achievement of the appropriate objectives. It is therefore revealing to track changes in the area of water and sewage management, especially those involving the share of funds from abroad and budgetary commitments of individual municipalities used to co-finance these as well as changes in the regional provision of the relevant infrastructure. Accordingly, the aim of the paper is to analyse investment expenditure in the area of water and sewage management in Poland by region with a special focus on changes in selected sources of financing, especially funds originating from abroad and from municipality budgets.
Zastosowanie modelu trzyczynnikowego w inwestowaniu na Giełdzie Papierów Wartościowych w Warszawie
Authors: Schmidt Bartłomiej
Published: September 2024

Since the 1970s numerous papers have presented the results of analyses conducted on western capital markets. They have provided a great deal of evidence that CAPM is not able to deliver valuable predictions about future stock returns. That is why so many attempts have been made to develop a better pricing model, one of which is Fama and French's three-factor model. This article analyses the extent to which this model can predict stock returns on the Warsaw Stock Exchange (the WSE). The analysis shows that the three-factor model does not deliver accurate predictions because it does not take into account all the essential factors that determine returns on the WSE. Further surveys should be conducted to identify these factors.
Zmiany zawartości wybranych kwasów tłuszczowych mleka owczego w zależności od miesiąca laktacji
Authors: Ptasińska-Marcinkiewicz Joanna
Published: September 2024

This paper presents the results of an analysis of the composition of sheep milk fatty acids. Milk from Olkuska sheep, Polish mountain sheep, and crossbreeds of Polish mountain sheep and Friesian sheep (75% x 25%) was examined. The fatty acid profiles were analysed according to the month of lactation. Significant differences in fatty acid composition were observed for each breed. In the third and fourth month of lactation, in the milk of crossbreeds and Polish mountain sheep, respectively, saturated fatty acid content significantly decreased while the unsaturated and short-chain saturated fatty acid content increased. In the milk of Olkuska sheep, the content of short-chain saturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acids in the first and third months of lactation was significantly higher, while the content of oleic acid, mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids was significantly lower than in the second and fourth months. It was also observed that the fatty acid profile of sheep's milk in the first two months of lactation was similar.
Dieta wegetariańska w świetle zasad prawidłowego odżywiania - postawy i zachowania wegetarian w Polsce
Authors: Pyrzyńska Ewa
Published: September 2024

In recent years vegetarian diets have increased in popularity. Thanks in part to their low energy density and high nutrient density, they are used as preventive treatments for commonly occurring diseases. The aim of this study was to demonstrate whether vegetarianism is consistent with the principles of good nutrition and the type of vegetarian diet that is closest to the traditional model of nutrition. Based on surveys and a review of the literature, it is concluded that the most similar model to a mixed diet is a lacto-ovovegetarian diet. Vegetarian diets are able to provide the body with essential nutrients if they are based on the proper selection of plant products and the use of some animal products, such as milk and eggs. An exception is the strictly vegetarian diet (e.g. veganism), which is not recommended by nutritionists.
Innowacje produktowe branży włókienniczej
Authors: Salerno-Kochan Renata
Published: September 2024

This paper describes selected product innovations that have occurred in the textile industry thanks to the application of nanotechnology, biotechnology and textronics. The larger context is the opportunities and risks associated with the development and commercialisation of these processes. Beyond providing products to satisfy basic human needs including clothing and interior decoration, the modern textile industry manufactures functional textiles with a wide range of applications. Apart from the positive innovations that have occurred in the industry, the paper also looks at those factors that make the development and commercialisation of textiles difficult as well as concerns about their impact on human health and the environment during the use and maintenance of products.
Kapsułkowanie - metoda stabilizacji witaminy A w technologii wzbogacania żywności
Authors: Tataruch Kinga
Published: September 2024

The technology of food product fortification through the addition of bioactive ingredients such as vitamins requires the development of innovative methods, due to the high sensitivity of vitamins to the chemical and physical conditions present during the food production process. The adverse effect of temperature, high pressure or oxidising agents may reduce biological activity and can chemically degrade the bioactive components. One challenge in food fortification technology is developing the appropriate formulations of fat-soluble vitamin A. The search for new carriers of vitamin A is extremely important because of its limited stability, insolubility in water and toxicity in excessive amounts. This study characterises the properties and role of vitamin A as a bioactive additive in food fortification technology. It focuses particularly on potential methods for stabilising retinol in order to enhance its functional properties.
Wykorzystanie metod ELECTRE w projektowaniu złożonych systemów organizacyjnych
Authors: Cabała Paweł
Published: September 2024

The paper focuses on a formal approach to the diagnosis and design of enterprise management systems when there is a lack of complete and accurate information. It first discusses the multicriteria evaluation system, in which the preferences of the decision-maker are modeled based on outranking relations. The binary outranking relation is typically used in ELECTRE methods. These methods involve a set of analytical procedures which allow the user to select, categorise and rank decision alternatives. The overall outranking preference in this method is developed according to the principle of concordance and disconcordance. In the article the basic relationships and thresholds used in preferences modeling are defined. The ELECTRE I method was introduced to illustrate this type of approach. The last part of the paper presents a method for determining the weights of evaluation criteria recommended for the ELECTRE methods. This method can also be used in other approaches to solve complex managerial decision problems.
Zintegrowany program działań marketingowych miasta na rynku turystycznym
Authors: Manczak Iryna
Published: September 2024

In this article, the author seeks to explain the conceptual category of a city's integrated programme of marketing activities for the tourist market. The study is based on marketing research in the literature discussing companies' marketing communication with the market. The author describes the essence and process of marketing communications along with methods employed on the tourist market. Promotional tools are also discussed and the benefits of integrating the various tools in the construction of marketing messages targeted for the tourist market are emphasised. The author highlights the fact that the diversity of promotional tools should result primarily from the superior objectives of a city's tourist development strategy, as well as take into consideration the specificity of the target group that is to receive this message.
Polityka społeczna w Polsce wobec przemian europejskiego modelu społecznego
Authors: Kowalski Ryszard
Published: September 2024

The European social model is a vision of society that combines sustainable economic growth with the reduction of economic and social inequalities through income redistribution, ensuring a high level of social security and universal access to basic social services. Some economists argue that the last three decades have witnessed a rapid transition towards a new minimal welfare state, in the wake of the rising importance of services (post-industrialism), globalisation, population ageing, changing family and gender relations. In that perspective, the European social model is more chimera than reality. The author argues that the existing social democratic model of the welfare state is likely to be a response to the challenges social policy currently faces. Furthermore, the social democratic model corresponds well with the assumptions of the European social model. With the transformation of the early 1990s, Poland abandoned its socialist welfare system. Although it is debatable whether current social policy in Poland can be classified according to any of Esping-Andersen's well-known welfare types, changes in the labour market will be crucial for the size and shape of the Polish welfare state in the future. The sustainability of the generous welfare state ultimately depends on the citizens' participation in the labour force participation.
Uwarunkowania zewnętrzne powstawania i rozwoju klastrów w województwie małopolskim
Authors: Broś Urszula
Published: September 2024

Given Małopolska's strategic location, good transport infrastructure and plan to support clusters, it is a perfect location for future cluster initiatives and clusters themselves. Małopolska has a vibrant academic culture and excellent research facilities, and, further, boasts land characterised by a high concentration of industrial enterprises, information technology and outsourcing services that prioritise innovation and increasing efficiency. The high concentration of business competition in the area sharpens and stimulates the growth of entrepreneurship, which can certainly be achieved in a cluster that favours the formation of cluster initiatives while new economic clusters with high growth potential are also identified. The development of clusters may well be stimulated by broad access to external sources of business financing that significantly support the initial phase of growth. Unfortunately, all is not perfect ‒ spending on research and development remains relatively low, as does the interest small businesses show in cooperating with the research community.
Model kanadyjski i modele brytyjskie kontroli wewnętrznej
Authors: Babuśka Ewa W.
Published: September 2024

The paper presents the next installment of well-known worldwide models of internal control including the Canadian model CoCo and the British models: Cadbury's and Turnbull's, all of which have grown out of the best practices of corporate governance. It also describes the standards which contributed to the creation of these models, and their main features. The paper goes on to explain their importance to these organisations, their auditors and others, and indicates the scope of their application in Poland and throughout the world.
Finanse w małżeństwie muzułmańskim i po jego ustaniu. Porównanie z regulacjami prawa polskiego
Authors: Frańczuk Magdalena
Published: September 2024

The paper presents the financial issues in Muslim marriage and dissolution of marriage by divorce. Because of the norms regarding inheritance, I do not focus on the law of succession, which also carries very significant financial implications for the heirs of a deceased spouse, and thus issues related to the topic as the subject of the present work. The paper refers frequently to J. Bielawski's translation of the Koran, as well as to the regulations of the Polish Family and Custody Code and to the literature and Internet sources on that topic. In principle the elaboration has a legal-comparative character.
Analiza koncepcji ujęcia odroczonego podatku dochodowego w sprawozdawczości finansowej
Authors: Górowski Ireneusz
Published: September 2024

The article analyses deferred tax allocation procedures in an important area of the contemporary accounting standards. The domestic and international standards solutions are similar, while the theory of accounting offers a range of alternative solutions. The article considers the concepts of full and partial allocation, liability method, deferred tax method, and the pros and cons of the balance sheet and income statement approach. The evaluation identifies the areas of coherence with current accounting standards and theory. It also points out those aspects which might be suitable for re-evaluation in the context of the accounting standards objectives.
Ewolucja rozwiązań rachunkowości jako determinanta rozwoju rynku specjalistycznych usług finansowych
Authors: Świetla Katarzyna
Published: September 2024

The article looks at the centuries-old history of accounting, from ancient times up to the modern conditions prevailing in the global economy. The impact of accounting on the economy and feedback are shown. The article also stresses the need for accounting to be harmonised and the individuals engaged in it to become specialised so as to ensure that the information being presented is credible and a true picture of the company is put forth. The author also discusses the increasingly common use of knowledge and the involvement of companies providing specialist services to promote the desired quality of information from accounting while also reducing the cost of acquiring that information.
Koszty agencji a działalność eksportowa firm rodzinnych
Authors: Wyrobek Joanna
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this publication is to investigate the relationship between concerns about external and internal agency conflicts in family businesses and family control over the company and forms of international cooperation. The study is based on surveys conducted among 101 family businesses in Poland. The author examines the following theses in particular: ‒ the high level of concern about internal agency conflicts (within the company) implies that there will be more family control over the business; ‒ some forms of international cooperation are rarely used by family businesses due to concerns about international (external) agency conflicts that may arise between a family business and its foreign partners;‒ the main reason for undertaking international cooperation is to increase sales and reduce operating costs.
Resenha de R. Beaton, Οι Έλληνες: Μια παγκόσμια ιστορία (2022)
Authors: Rolim de Moura Alessandro
Published: September 2024

Resenha de Roderick Beaton, Οι Έλληνες: Μια παγκόσμια ιστορία (Atenas, 2022), tradução de The Greeks: A global history (Londres, 2021).
Áreas prioritárias na implantação de esquemas de Pagamento por Serviços Ambientais: Uma análise cienciométrica
Authors: Genuino Luana Pessoa , Rodrigues Sofia Suely Ferreira Brandão , Barbosa Ioná Maria Beltrão Rameh , Carvalho Vania Soares
Published: September 2024

Payment for Environmental Services schemes and programs emerge as economic instruments that aim to complement command and control instruments in environmental management. Due to their relevance and the need for allocation in places that can have the best performance, because they have a counterpart in financial resources, which are also scarce, research for the selection of priority areas is extremely important. To support researchers who aim to explore the line of research related to payment for environmental services, scientometric analysis presents the state of research in the area with measurement and quantitative analysis of bibliometric data, guiding the main sources and authors of reference and geolocating the scientific productions related to the subject. In the present research, a scientometric analysis and literature review was carried out with data from the Scopus and Web of Science databases, unifying the databases and analyzing the bibliometric information through the R-bilbiometrix interface, resulting in images, graphs, tables and maps that allowed an analysis of the state of the art and scientific research on the proposed theme. With the results, it was possible to observe the need for further studies on methodologies for selecting priority areas for PES schemes, as it is a fundamental tool for sustainable development
O rio como protagonista da formação de núcleos urbanos – a vinculação da comunidade São Gonçalo Beira Rio com o rio Cuiabá
Authors: Carignani Gisele , Maciel Sergio Dias
Published: September 2024

The work addresses issues related to urban rivers, with the aim of analyzing the connection between rivers and cities and the role they have played and play in Society today. Its specific object of analysis is a riverside community on the Cuiabá River, the São Gonçalo Beira Rio community. This riverside community was chosen in order to relate its historical characteristics, transformations, culture and occupation. In this way, diagnoses were presented, as well as the link that the community has established with the river since its formation and its current relations. It is a qualitative study with a bibliographical review that contextualizes the relationship established between rivers and cities since the beginning of occupations, with an emphasis on Brazil. A more in-depth study was carried out with the community, using a questionnaire to gather more precise information about the current situation of the residents and the relationships that have been preserved with the site. Through dialogues during experiences of the site and the application of questionnaires, it was possible to observe how the space is configured, as well as the possibilities of interventions and their consequences. Currently, the community's main characteristic, its cultural expressions, is weakened. In this way, initiatives were identified that could minimize the external impacts, rescue its values and keep the community active through its culture.
MiR-509-3p promotes gastric cancer development by activating FOXM1-mediated p38/MK2 pathway
Authors: Jiang Nan , Kang Jiawei , Ding Yi , Shataer Munire , Ma Liangying , Tuersong Tayier
Published: September 2024

Gastric cancer (GC), a malignant tumor, is highly prevalent, particularly in Asia. miR-509-3p plays a crucial role in regulating tumorigenesis, but its mechanism in GC remains unclear. Potential targets of miR-509-3p were identified through database analyses (miRWalk, TargetScan, ENCORI, and TCGA). The binding site between miR-509-3p and forkhead box protein M1 (FOXM1) was confirmed using a dual-luciferase assay. CCK-8, EdU, Transwell, wound healing assays, flow cytometry, and Western blot analysis were employed to examine changes in proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, FOXM1, and the p38 MAPK (p38)/MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) pathway in GC cells (MNK-45 and HGC-27) after miR-509-3p overexpression or knockdown, FOXM1 overexpression, and application of the p38 pathway agonist Anisomycin. The size and weight of subcutaneous xenografts were measured, and the effects of miR-509-3p overexpression were analyzed through histopathological staining (Tunel immunofluorescence, HE staining, Ki67, and FOXM1 immunohistochemistry). The results showed that overexpression of miR-509-3p suppressed proliferation, migration, and invasion, while accelerating apoptosis. Knockdown of miR-509-3p promoted malignant progression. miR-509-3p inhibited GC by regulating FOXM1-mediated p38/MK2 pathway activation, and miR-509-3p mimics restrained tumor growth in vivo through this pathway. In conclusion, miR-509-3p suppresses GC malignant progression by regulating FOXM1-mediated p38/MK2 pathway activation.
USDA LTAR Common Experiment measurement: Total nitrogen (TN) and total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) concentration v1
Authors: W. Malone Robert
Published: September 2024

Total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) is composed of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON). DON is the N-containing component of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and part of the biologically reactive N pool in aquatic ecosystems that can degrade water quality in N-sensitive waters. Evidence suggests that DON may be important in triggering harmful algal blooms, particularly the DON from synthetic urea fertilizers. TDN measurements therefore contribute to an estimate of the N most available to phytoplankton. DIN export from agroecosystems is reasonably well characterized, but the factors that regulate spatial and temporal patterns of DON are not as well understood. Although the export of DON into groundwater has received recognition for more than 100 years and the contribution of DON to total nitrogen (TN) is often significant, leaching losses of N from agricultural systems are often assumed to be dominated by DIN and uninfluenced by DON. The most widely recognized N digestion method is total Kjeldahl N (TKN), whereby organic N is converted to ammonia-N, followed by titrimetric or colorimetric detection. The recommended measurement of TDN at moderate to high concentrations (i.e., >0.5 mg N/L) uses the high-temperature combustion and chemilumniscent detection method.
USDA LTAR Common Experiment measurement: Total phosphorus (TP) and total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) concentration v1
Authors: K. Hamilton Stephen
Published: September 2024

Total dissolved P (TDP) includes organic P (e.g., sugars and phospholipids) and orthophosphate. Dissolved orthophosphate (also termed soluble reactive P, dissolved reactive P, dissolved inorganic P, or filterable reactive P) is the form of P most readily available to algae and aquatic plants; however, numerous studies have shown that hydrolysis of other forms of P to the orthophosphate form is possible in natural waters. Therefore, when assessing the long-term potential for accelerated eutrophication of surface water due to P loading, many researchers and watershed managers want to know the total P concentration (regardless of P form) in water samples. Total dissolved P determination involves digesting filtered water samples to convert organic P species to orthophosphate, followed by colorimetric analysis or analysis by inductively coupled plasma with optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Determining TP involves the same digestion procedure applied to an unfiltered sample, followed by colorimetric or ICP-OES analysis. The recommended P digestion method is the persulfate oxidation technique, performed using an autoclave or microwave. The colorimetric determination of TDP and TP follows the ascorbic acid “blue” method (USEPA, 1978), whereby an intensely colored blue complex forms from the reaction between P compounds and ascorbic acid. The procedure involves the reaction of ammonium molybdate and potassium antimonyl tartrate with orthophosphate to form an antimony-phospho-molybdate complex. This complex is then reduced to an intensely blue-colored complex by addition of ascorbic acid. The intensity of the blue complex is proportional to the orthophosphate concentration in the sample.
USDA LTAR Common Experiment measurement: Channelized surface flow discharge v1
Authors: K. Hamilton Stephen , N. Moriasi Daniel , Baffaut Claire
Published: September 2024

Measurement of surface flow rate (discharge) is often needed for agroecological studies, whether to understand the movement of water itself or to estimate what flowing water carries (e.g., nutrients or sediments exported from cropland or grazing land). Water may flow over land in non-channelized ways (the subject of a different protocol) or be confined to discrete channels. The present protocol addresses channelized flow within the context of the LTAR Common Experiment (i.e., from fields or plots), recognizing that such flow occurs as a continuum from rivulets to open drainage channels and small streams; hence, the optimal discharge measurement method depends on channel size and other considerations. Since the US Geological Survey measures discharge from large drainage areas, this protocol is geared toward discharge measurements in headwater streams and ditches. Because the situations in which channelized discharge may need to be measured vary considerably across the LTAR network, we are not recommending a specific protocol but instead offering considerations for selecting measurement methods and published references with more information on various options.
Structural and Parametric Synthesis of a Hybrid Repetitive Control System for Uncertain Multi-Mode Plant
Authors: Eremin E. L. , Smirnova S. A. , Shelenok E. A.
Published: September 2024

Article deals with the problem of constructing a hybrid adaptive-robust repetitive control system for one class of a MIMO plants which operating with structural and parametric uncertainty and constant action of an external disturbances. A procedure for structural and parametric synthesis of a control system is proposed. At the structural synthesis stage with the help of hyperstability criterion the authors are developing a decentralized combined controller. After that using the method of continuous models the authors are built a continuous-discrete control system. The main feature of a control loop structure synthesis stage is to ensure the validity of V. M. Popov’s integral inequality. For this purpose, the authors determining the special estimates that guarantee positivity for nonlinear non-stationary part of the system under consideration. At the system’s parametric synthesis stage the authors are use the environment of engineering and technical calculations "Matlab — Simulink" to perform optimization modeling of the continuous and hybrid repetitive control systems. This action is carried out using one of the functional optimization methods — a genetic algorithm. Authors use the criterion of generalized operation for automatic control systems to form the functionality for assessing the quality of the proposed system. At the simulation stage initially for continuous repetitive system it was searched its controller parameters which ensure the minimum value of the specified functional. Then, with a given discretization step of the control loop elements, the hybrid periodic system was optimized in order to improve the quality of its operation.
A System for Countering Possible Threats from the Use of Dangerous Robotic Systems
Authors: Meshcheryakov R. V. , Khripunov S. P.
Published: September 2024

Based on the generalization and analysis of data from foreign and domestic studies, the article discusses the position that in some cases robotization poses threats proportional to its benefits. The problems and risks caused by the introduction of robotics and their manifestation in various spheres of human activity are outlined. It is noted that the downside of the successful development and use of robotics is the emergence of new types of hazards caused by robots getting out of control or intentionally using them for illegal purposes. The main problems associated with the use of robots are the following: conducting industrial, domestic and other types of espionage, violating traffic safety (air, automobile, marine, etc.), preparing and carrying out terrorist acts, as well as conducting other types of activities dangerous to people and the environment. The structure of the system for countering dangerous robotic complexes for various purposes (RTK VP) and the composition of its main components are proposed, the close relationship of tasks is highlighted, on the one hand, to ensure protection, and on the other, to organize counteraction to RTK VP at the stage of forming tactical and technical requirements for samples of newly created promising robotics products and determining their technical appearance. The analysis of RTK VP as objects of counteraction is given and the main elements of their vulnerability, including the vulnerabilities of groups of robots, are clarified. The probable variants of the illegal use of RTK VP, the causes of their occurrence, the features of their manifestation and the expected consequences are analyzed. The classification of possible ways and means of countering dangerous RTK VP is carried out, and the rational sequence of their implementation is reasoned. A formalized description of the task of countering dangerous RTK VP and a model of the counteraction system are presented. As an indicator of the effectiveness of the counteraction system, it is proposed to use the correspondence of actual and required damage to the object of counteraction in the dynamics of change. Based on the analysis of the features of the counteraction process, a methodological approach to creating a model of a promising anti-RTK VP system is proposed.
On Robust Stabilization of Motion of a Quadrotor with Slung Load
Authors: Holub A. P. , Zudov V. B. , Lokshin B. Ya. , Selyutskiy Y. D.
Published: September 2024

One of the important tasks that can be performed by quadrotors is the transportation of various payloads. If the load is suspended from the quadrotor and can move relative to the quadrotors body, this motion must be taken into account in the control system, in particular, in order to suppress and prevent unwanted oscillations of the load. In the present paper, a mechanical system is considered that consists of a quadrotor and a load suspended to it with a weightless rod. It is assumed that the cross-sectional area of the load is large enough so that the aerodynamic forces acting on it cannot be neglected. It is known that for a number of shapes of payload casing, this aerodynamic force is not reduced only to the drag force, but also contains a component orthogonal to the drag force, that is, the lift force. In order to these forces, the quasi-steady approach is used. At the same time, accurate information about the aerodynamic capabilities for each particular payload is, generally speaking, not available. However, it is known that the values of aerodynamic coefficients for a fairly wide class of body shapes are lie in a specific range. Here we discuss the problem of developing the quadrotor control that would ensure robust stabilization of the ascent and descent of the system in the conditions of incomplete information about the aerodynamic load. A method is proposed for constructing the quadrotor control for robust stabilization of uniform vertical ascent and descent of the system as a whole. It is shown that this control ensures stabilization of the target mode within a fairly wide range of system parameters. Restrictions on the target speed of quadrotor motion are determined, violation of which makes the robust stabilization impossible.
INTERNATIONAL LEGAL REGULATION OF PREVENTING THE INVOLVEMENT OF CHILDREN IN ARMED CONFLICT
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Bilotsky Sergiy , Krainii Ivan ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: September 2024

The article is devoted to defining the essence and peculiarities of application of the norms of international law in cases of involvement of children in armed conflicts. The article establishes that in the course of development of international law, a number of international instruments, both legally binding and non-binding, have been adopted in order to minimize the risks to which children involved in armed conflicts are exposed. Such instruments pay special attention to the issue of the minimum age of children involved in hostilities and the types of actions that should be prevented in this regard. The gradual process of codification of the international legal protection regime for children has undoubtedly improved their overall protection from the impact of armed conflict. The author draws the following conclusions. The recruitment of children under the age of 15 is directly prohibited by the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the I and II Additional Protocols to the Geneva Conventions, as well as customary international humanitarian law. In addition, the recruitment of children into armed forces is a crime under the Rome Statute. Military duty and the forced recruitment of children under the age of 18 are prohibited by the Optional Protocol and International Labor Organization Convention No. 182. States must take comprehensive measures at the national level to fulfill their obligations regarding the recruitment of children and their participation in hostilities. The implementation of international obligations at the national level undoubtedly begins with the adoption of laws, which are then followed by regulatory and practical measures. Effective protection of the rights of the child, in particular with regard to the involvement of children in armed conflict, is based on such legal documents.
THE EU GREEN PUBLIC ROCUREMENT AS A POLICY TOOL TO IMPLEMENT THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Vlialko Illia
Published: September 2024

The transition to a circular economy is essential for environmental sustainability and serves as a strategic approach for achieving long-term economic stability, social equity, and resilience. Green public procurement (GPP) is closely intertwined with the concept of the circular economy, and both play a pivotal role in influencing sustainable development. The EU provides guidelines for GPP that align with circular economy principles, encouraging public authorities to opt for products and services with lower environmental impacts and higher resource efficiency. GPP establishes high environmental performance standards, reduces waste, enhances resource efficiency, and promotes the reuse and recycling of materials. The implementation of GPP offers benefits for the environment, economic growth, and social well-being, but challenges such as consistent application, market readiness, and higher initial costs persist. The research indicates that GPP can make a significant contribution to sustainability objectives and emphasizes the necessity of supportive policies to promote broader adoption of GPP practices. By aligning policy initiatives with sustainable procurement practices, the EU member states aim to foster a more robust, resource-efficient, and environmentally conscious economy. Such a comprehensive approach not only addresses environmental issues but also fuels economic and social progress.
Göçle Gelen Çocukların Eğitim Sorunlarına İlişkin Öğretmen Görüşleri (Diyarbakır Örneği)
Authors: Birel Fırat , Gezen Esra , Kumru Mehmet Emin
Published: September 2024

Araştırmada, güncel bir probleme dönüşen göç olgusunun etkileri ve buna bağlı olarak göç ile birlikte öğrenciler üzerinde oluşan durumlar değişkenlere göre belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Eğitim sistemi açısından yeni ve karmaşık bir durum olan göçle gelen çocukların eğitim sorunlarının çözümlenmesinde yaşanan zamana ilişkin olguların ortaya çıkarılmaya çalışılması ve bu bağlamda Türkiye’ye göçle gelen okul çağındaki çocukların eğitim sorunlarına ilişkin öğretmen görüşlerinin saptanması ile birlikte gelecekte bu alana ilişkin yapılacak çalışmalara katkı sağlaması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma nitel yöntem ile gerçekleştirilmiş ve nitel araştırma yönteminin durum çalışması deseni kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanmış 5 sorudan oluşan yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu uzman görüşü alınarak kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın Evrenini 2021-2022 eğitim-öğretim yılında Diyarbakır ilinde göçle gelen çocukların olduğu okullarda görev yapan öğretmeler oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemini, Diyarbakır ili Bağlar ilçesinde bulanan 5 ilkokuldaki 50 öğretmen oluşturmaktadır. Örneklem seçimi göçle gelen çocukların yoğun olduğu okullardan random yöntemiyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde verilerin içerik analizi yapılarak kodlar, alt temalar ve ana temalar oluşturulmuştur. Bulgular beş ana başlık altında incelenerek göçle gelen çocukların eğitim sorunları tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Öğrencilerin dil sorunları için dil hazırlık sınıfları oluşturulması ve göçle gelen çocukların yaşadıkları travmaları rehabilite edecek rehberlik programları uygulanması gerektiği bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır. Göçün yarattığı olumsuzlukları azaltmak adına, sosyal ve kültürel uyuşmazlıkları minimize edecek şekilde tüm öğrencilere insan hakları, felsefe, psikoloji, kültür temalı dersler altında karşılıklı anlayışı sağlayacak eğitimler verilmeli sonucu belirginleşmiştir. Öğretmeler göçle gelen öğrencinin kültürü konusunda bilgi sahibi olmalı ve öğrencileri kaynaştırıcı yöntem ve tekniklerin kullanılması gerektiği ifade edilebilir.
Politik Söylem Çalışmalarında Kolektivist Toplum ve Kültür İlişkisi
Authors: Üresin Taylan Özgür
Published: September 2024

ÖZ
Sosyal bilimlerde söylem çalışmalarının tarihi 1970’li yıllara kadar götürülebilir. Post-yapısalcı düşünürlerin, toplumsal değişkenleri açıklamada ideoloji kavramı yerine söylem kavramına merkezi bir rol vermesi, kavramın sosyal bilim araştırmalarında popüler hale gelmesini sağlamıştır. Bu dönemle birlikte sosyal bilimciler, söylemin dil ve göstergeler aracılığı ile toplumsal-kültürel bağlamdaki kullanımına önem vermiş, buradan hareketle politik davranışların ve sistemlerin karakteristik özelliklerini belirlemeye çalışmıştır. Bu noktada kültürün de politik arenada kendisini dil ve göstergeler aracılığı ile oluşturması, yapılacak çalışmalarda politik söylem ile kültür arasında sıkı bir bağ kurulmasına yol açmıştır. Kültürel ögeler, bir yandan insanların politik tutumlarını oluşturacak araç setini oluştururken, diğer yandan politikacılar bu araç setini kendi politikalarında kullanarak söylemlerine eklemlemişlerdir. Nitekim bu çalışmada da söylem, kültür ve toplum arasındaki bağa odaklanarak bu bağı oluşturan teorik arka plan üzerinde durulacaktır. Çalışmanın amacı, söylem ve kültür ilişkisinin kolektivist özellikler sergileyen toplumlarda politik ve sosyal yaşamı nasıl etkilediği ve bu etkinin politik söylem çalışmalarında hangi materyallere başvurarak incelenebileceğini ortaya koymaktır. Çalışmanın hedefi ise, kolektivist toplumlarda görülen “yüksek güç mesafesi” ve “yüksek belirsizlikten kaçınma” gibi kültürel özelliklerin, politik söylem çalışmalarının teorik arka planına ve söylem çözümlemelerine kaynak olan materyallerin incelenmesine alternatif bir bakış açısı oluşturmasıdır.
Türk Hukukunda Kayyımlık, Kayyımlığa İlişkin Özel Düzenlemeler ve Uygulamadaki Çeşitli Sorunlar
Authors: Bozgeyik Hayri , Pamuk Tamer
Published: September 2024

Kayyımlığa ilişkin temel düzenleme Türk Medeni Kanunu’nda yapılmıştır. Diğer kanunlarda yer alan özel düzenlemeler bakımından uygulamada çeşitli farklılıklar görülmektedir. Genel hükümlerde, kayyımın yaptığı işlemler hakkında vesayet dairesine şikâyette bulunulabilmektedir. Özel kanunlar kapsamındaki kayyım atama kararlarının da vesayet dairesince verilmesi ve denetim makamı olarak asliye hukuk mahkemesinin denetimine tabi olması gerektiği söylenebilirse de bu durum özel düzenlemelerin amacına uygun olmayacaktır. Genel hükümlerde kayyım atama usulü, vasi atanmasına dair hükümlere atıfla düzenlenmiş olmasına rağmen, özel kanunlarda kayyım tayini tam olarak düzenlenmemiştir. Şirketlere kayyım atama genellikle ihtiyati tedbir niteliği taşımakla birlikte, Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu’nda yer alan itiraz ve istinaf usulüne tabi tutulmamıştır. Uygulamada şirketlere kayyım atanmasına ilişkin kanaatimizce en hayati eksiklik, genel hükümlere tabi olanların aksine, atanan kayyımlar için bir makamın olmamasıdır. İtirazların bir sonraki mahkeme tarafından incelenmesi veya atama mahkeme başkanı veya tek hâkim tarafından yapılsa bile, örneğin ticaret mahkemelerinde, itirazların heyet olarak karara bağlanması uygulama açısından faydalı olacaktır.
IMPACT OF VARIOUS TRAVELER WEIGHTS ON THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF IDENTICAL COUNT YARN PRODUCED FROM DIFFERENT COTTON VARIETIES
Authors: Şahin Mehmet , Babaarslan Osman
Published: September 2024

In recent years, due to the excessive increase in machine prices, changes in energy policies, the rising cost of fibre, and fluctuations in the prices of spare materials, the goal has been to achieve a high-performance working system without sacrificing quality while reducing production costs. The selection and maintenance of the ring traveler, ring, and bobbin group, which are essential components in the yarn winding process, are crucial in the ring-spinning system for continuous performance. Even small improvements in this area are significant, as they can lead to higher production and increased profits for the enterprise. This study investigates the quality changes and machine performance that may occur by using light and heavy travelers, in addition to the standard traveler, in producing compact ring yarn with a count of Ne 30/1 (20 tex) using 100% domestic cotton. The results indicate a positive effect on yarn quality parameters, especially hairiness, and tenacity, with the best results obtained using ISO 31.5, known as a light traveler. The best result in terms of yarn breaks per 1000 spindles per hour was also achieved with ISO 31.5.