bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultrastructural study for the gonadotrophs and somatotrophs of the pituitary gland in aging rabbits of local bread (oryctolagus cuniculus)
Authors: Idrees khalaf Thamer
Published: April 2023

Eighteen rabbit of local bread were classified into3 groups A, B, and C
Group A were 6 rabbits of  age one year
Group B were 6 rabbits of age three year
Group C were 6 rabbits of age five year
The whole animals were accomidated for one month before the study, after that the whole animals were exposed to intensive dose of chloroform and then scarified to obtain the pituitary gland by doing anatomical technique EM processing technique. was done and finally the pituitary gland were examined at the anterior lobe ( pars distalis ) to demonstrate the somatotrophes and gonadotrophes ( FSH and LH ) secreting cells .
The present study revealed that somatotrophes and gonado trophes were containing spherical and oval nuclei at one year of age with presence of abundant secretary granules in its cytoplasm associated with Golgi apparatus, these structures were decreased in number and size proportionally with increase of the age of animal at 3 and 5 years .
Determination of MDA as oxidative stress marker and most common type of blood group in asthmatic patients before and after treatment with montelukast drug.
Authors: Jwad Ali Saleh  , Shakir Mahmoud Suleiman  , Zaidan Jayed Zaidan
Published: April 2023

Asthma is a complex chronic inflammatory disorder of airways characterized by airway smooth muscle hypertrophy, hyperplasia and over production of mucous in which many cells and cellular elements play an important role.
The aim of the study is to monitor the changes in asthmatic patients before and after treatment with montelukast in the MDA level as oxidative stress marker in asthmatic cases, and the most common type of blood group. The total number of subjects included in this study was two hundred with acute asthma. The major part of this study represents a follow up study.
Subjects with bronchial asthma were previously diagnosed but not on regular treatment, their aged ranged between (16 – 50) years attending the respiratory unit directly at tikrit teaching hospital. The period of data collection was from first of April of 2013 up to the mid of June- 2014.
 There is a significant change in level of MDA, during the asthmatic attacks (1.12± 0.42, while after treatment (0.6 ± 0.34 P ≤ 0.001). The most common type of blood group in asthmatic cases is type O which about 69% from total number of cases , type A about 18.5%, type B about 9% , and type AB about 3.5%).
Spectrophotometric method for Determination of oxymetazoline, HCl in a Pharmaceutical formulation using 2,4 - dinitrophenylhydrazine
Authors: Israa Talib Humeidy
Published: April 2023

Rapid, sensitive and simple spectrophotometric method for the determination of oxymetazoline hydrochloride (OXMZ) is developed. The method is based on an oxidative coupling reaction with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNPH) in a basic medium (pH 11.2) in the presence of  potassium periodate to produce a green colour, soluble in water , stable product and absorbs at 607 nm. Beer's law was in the linear range 2.5-30 μg/ml of OXMZ, the molar absorptivity , Sandellʼs sensitivity index and detection limit were 7242 liter. mol-1.cm-1, 0.0409 μg.cm-2 and 0.1877 μg/ml respectively. The RSD value was 1.24- 1.39% depending on the concentration. This method was applied successfully to the determination of oxymetazoline in pharmaceutical preparation nazordin drops with recovery of not less than  99.87 % .
Selecting Potential Water Harvest Sites Using GIS and Remote Sensing In Al-Tharthar Valley, West Nineveh, Iraq.
Authors: Mahmood A. H. Al-Ardeeni
Published: April 2023

The main justification of this research is that integrate of GIS technique and RS data to generate maps for selecting the most potential sites of water harvesting in study area. This method helps to detect water harvesting sites in suitable places and improve the water resource management in the study area. The methodology was adopted in this study is using Fuzzy logic Modelling to standardise the layers and Fuzzy overlay method to combine and process these layers together. Specific criteria were used to standardise all these layers. Seven different criteria were used in this research to select the water harvesting sites such as slope (%), stream network (order), rainfall (mm), soil (type), distance to roads and urban centre and Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). This research is significant because it is associated with several fields such as agriculture productivity, livestock husbandry, sustainable environment, soil fertility, water management, human livelihood and the agriculture industry. The outcomes of this research are to produce map of potential water harvesting sites in Al-Therthar valley, West Nineveh. This will give opportunity to build dams to store the water in particular in drought-stricken areas. This study found that there are 16 sites within the study area that represent the best potential water-harvesting sites. These sites were chosen according to the specific criteria that were used for this purpose and had a high potential in terms of their suitability for water harvesting.
Surface Roughening of Poly (methyl-methacrylate) Membranes by SF6-Glow-Discharge Plasma Etching
Authors: Mohamad A.K.Ahmed  , Yaseen H. Mahmood  , Sameen F.Mohammed
Published: April 2023

The (100 μm) thick of high density Polymethylmethacrylate PMMA membranes were prepared by solution cast method and treated by (42 W), low pressure, DC-discharge, SF6-Plasma for different exposure time: 10,30,60 and 80 min. The observed changes in membranes surface properties have been characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM).The optical properties for plasma treated membranes has been characterized by UV-Visible Spectroscopy. The chemical structure changes have been characterized by Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR).The (SEM) results indicates to significant changes in surface morphology of the polymer membranes after plasma treatment. The UV-Visible spectroscopy results shows clearly reduction of light transmission due to plasma treatment, also the (FTIR) results shows the changes in molecular bonds for polymer chains in surface structure of polymer membranes.
The effect of Auxin IAA and sea algae extraction on oil characteristics and active compounds of (Ocimiumbasilicum L.)
Authors: Ihsan Abdl Azez Abdul Raheem
Published: April 2023

In present study, Auxin (IAA) and sea algae extraction were used on Ocimiumbasilicum L. in a field in Tikrit University on 2013.Two factors were applied: A0 without spraying Auxin and A1spraying with 50 mg/L (IAA). The second factor was spraying sea algae extraction (Kelpak) in fourlevels: E0 without spraying, E1 spray of 1.5ml/L of sea algae (Kelpak), and E2 spray with 1.5 ml/L sea algae (ultrakelpa40), E3 spray 1.5+1.5ml/L mixed of sea algae (Kelpak and ultrakelpak40) together. The study designed by Randomised complete block design RCBD. Duncan’s test wasperformed to compare the medians of treatments with multi-limits at 5% possibility.
The results showed: the treatments with 50mg/L of (IAA) and the combination treatment of 1.5+1.5 ml/L of sea algae (Kelpak and ultrakelpak40) caused a significant increase of physical properties of oil as follow: high level of specific gravity (0.902 gm/ml), high level of refractive index (1.252) and high level of oil concentration (1.021%)in compare with non treated plants with less level of specific gravity, refractive index and refractive index (0.876 gm/ml, 1.241, 0.74%) respectively. The results also showed that the treatment A1E1 significantly affected oil components and gave highest level of 2.5dimethoxybenzoic acid Ocimol(79.18), the treatment A0E3 caused highest level of Methyl eugenol (68.02), the treatment A0E2 gave highest level of Methycinammate (262.20) and Cubebene (159.88), the treatment A1E2 gave highest level of Linalool (204.99), the treatment A0E2 gave highest level of Geranyle acetate (342.61). The spraying with sea algae extract also affected those active substances as follow: the plants which treated with A1E1 gave the highest level of  Caftaric acid (590.93) and Quercetin (213.17) in compare with the treatment of A1E3 that gavehighest level of Myriscetin (514.21) and highest level of  both Kaempferol (916.27) and Anthraquimones (551.45), the treatment of A0E1 caused an increase in the concentrations of Rutine(477.12) and Quercetin (314.80) and Luteolin (285.09).
Study the effect of different dilution of fungal filtrate from Beauveria bassiana on mosquito Culex pipiens pipiens L. (Diptera:Culicidae )
Authors: Istabraq mahmood mahdi  , Ahmed ali essa  , Husham naji hameed
Published: April 2023

The recent study is conducted to test the efficiency and activity of the different dilutions of fungous filtrate (25%, 50%, 75%, 100%) B. bassina on the fourth larval phase and adult insect. The results are showed there is a significant effect of the fungus filtrate of B. bassina on the mortality  of the fourth larval phase and the matured mosquito Culex pipiens pipiens. The (100%) concentration is Superior to the other dilutions in giving the highest percentage of the mortality in the fourth larval phase, where the highest percentage of killing is (50, 100)% during 2 and 4 days respectively where the least percentage  of killing is ( 9 , 13.33)% during 2 and 4 days respectively with the treatment of adult phase by B. bassiana dilutions, The results showed the superior of(100)% concentrate of fungus filtrate to the rest of ther dilutions. Where the highest percentage of killing is (100)% during 2 and 4 days respectively while the least percentage on is (16.33, 50.00) during 2 and 4 days respectively.
Epidemiological disease spores cache Cryptosporidiosis to the reviewers and fallen asleep in Samarra General Hospital
Authors: Shahad Muhammad Mahmood  , Shehab Ahmed al-Jubouri
Published: April 2023

This study has recently applied in Samarra Hospital from November 2012 to November 2013 to specify the rate of septic of cryptosporidiosis parasite in children and adults who had diarrhea, their ages are from 12 days to elders at 70ʼs  and it had used Modified Zeihl Neelsen to investingate abot 400 samples of feces and it had been checked.             
The rate of the rot in Cryptosporidium parasite was (8.2%) . The rate of the infection of the female was (8.6%) and the male was (7.8%) successively and there was a difference (P<0.05) and it was at the highest rate of sapreading in the age group (<1) in the rate (12%) then (1-10) years in a rate (8.6%). The rate of spreading  was the highest point in autumn (14.2%) and then in winter (6%)  and the lowest in spring (3.8%) in a difference (P<0,01**).
A genetic Study to Darwin's tubercle trait of External ear in the Population of Salah Al –Dein and Kirkuk
Authors: Adel Fawzy Shihab  , Marwa Amer Shakir
Published: April 2023

A genetic study for the trait of Darwin's tubercle in two ways : first , on a sample consisted of 52 family from Tikrit city in governorate Salah AL-Dein and 125 individual from their sons and 63 family from governorate of Kirkuk and 188 individual from their   sons . Secondly , adoption of pedigree analysis method for seven families from governorate of Salah El-Dein and Kirkuk , which confirmed the darwin's tubercle trait is a genetic trait and the presence of tubercle is dominant absence . The results of  Presence Darwin's tubercle also revealed  different forms : Nodosity tubercle , Enlargement tubercle and Projection. The present study support the truth of single gene locus hypothesis for the inheritance of this trait , in spite of it record the presence of one offspring have darwin's tubercle between two parents do not have darwin's tubercle in one family. The results of the study distribution of phenotypic for the trait showed on a sample consisted of 1415  individual from the citizens of the governorate of Salah Al-Dein (920♂: 495♀) from the original samples (1446) , an elevated percentage of the presence tubercle among the males (99.2%) than the females (98.4%) . The percentage of presence tubercle in the whole population was (98.9%) . Concering the allelic frequency for the gene of darwin's tubercle, the D allele was observed a higher frequency than the d allele in the whole population of the governorate: 0.895, 0.105 for both of them respectively . Expected frequencies of the three genotypes of darwin's tubercle trait , revealed a prevalence of the homozygous (dominant) genotype DD over the homozygous (recessive) and heterozygous genotype in the population of the governorate: 0.801, 0.188, 0.011 for DD , Dd and dd respectively.
Study of Thioredoxin Isolated from Human Blood Serum
Authors: Luay A. Al-Helaly  , Amera A. Hamdon
Published: April 2023

The research included the separation of thioredoxin (Trx) from human blood serum using different biochemical techniques. One proteinous peak had been isolated by gel filtration using sephadex )G-50) that produced by ammonium sulphate precipitation(65%) after dialysis.  It was noted that there are two peaks of Trx when using ion exchange-type DEAE-cellulose for the product of gel filtration column.
The approximately molecular weight of the isolated Trx using gel filtration chromatography (G-50) and electrophoresis technique type SDS-PAGE were (12305 + 190) Dalton and 12461 Dalton respectively .
The results showed that inhibited and activated effects of drugs on Trx working. The results showed that inhibited to 44.59% for paracetamol, dexathamazone, diphenhydramine-HCl, theophlline anhydrous,  pseudoephedrine, ceramide and caffeine anhydrous, but metronidazole and chlorpheniramine malate have activated effect to 110.8% and 21.62 respectively.
Isolation and purification of copeptin hormone from serum of patients with heart disease
Authors: Thikra Ali Allwsh  , Noori Mohammed Aziz
Published: April 2023

This study included isolation and purification of copepin hormone from heart disease patients serum using different biochemical techniques. The study showed two proteinous peak has been isolated by gel filtration (Sephadex G-50) from the precipitation by cold acetone, the results predicted that (peak B) has a high concentration of copepin . Furthermore, the purity of the isolated copeptin ( peak B) had been identified by SDS-poly acryl amide gel electrophoresis and the reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography in which results showed agood identity in retention time between the standard and the isolated copeptin (peak B) .
The approximate molecular weight of partially purified copeptin peak (B) was (4654±400 Dalton , ±4513400 Dalton) using gel filtration chromatography  (Sephadex G-50) and (SDS-poly acryl amide gel electrophoresis) technique respectively .
The study of secondary structure (α-helix) to copeptin hormone by the (Circular Dichroesim) showed the percentage of the (α-helix) between the standard solution of copeptin and sample solution (peak B) was good match.
Clinical study of copeptin in serum patiants of heart diseases
Authors: Thikra Ali Allwsh  , Noori Mohammed Aziz
Published: April 2023

The study  included the estimation  copeptin level  in serum of healthy and  patients  with heart diseases .  The Results indicated that the level of copeptin in serum was (36.2±1.1 pg/mL) in control group for both sex, with the age range between ) 37 - 60 ≥ years) .while there was a significant increase in copeptin concentration in patients of the heart disease (106.8 ±2.1 pg/mL) compared with control group.  The results  also showed that  the concentration of copeptin was not affected by sex, age, body mass index and smoking, in both control and patients group . There was no significant differences in the concentration of copeptin in the case of hypertension , diabetes mellitus and statin taking  in patients group Results  revealed  a significant increase in the activity of (creatin kinase, peroxidase, glutamate oxaloacetate transferase, glutamate pyruvate transferase, lactate dehydrogenase,  lactoperoxidase) and concentration  of malondialdehyde, mholesterol, mriglyceride, low density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein, glucose, creatinine, c-reactive protein and copper in patients group . There was a significant decrease in the glutathione s-transferase activity, glutathione peroxidase activity and concentration  of  high density lipoprotein , glutathione, zinc and selenium.
Study of correlation coefficients between the concentration of copeptin and some clinical parameters in control and patients group showed that: the copeptin has a significant positive correlation with peroxidase activity, malondialdehyde in control and patients group and c-reactive protein ( in patients group only).  The copeptin has a significant negative correlation with glutathione peroxidase, glutathione s-transferase, glutathione and selenium  in control and patients group.
Evaluation of the Suitability of Mukdadiya Formation Rocks for Using in Concrete / Northern Hemrin Anticline
Authors: Amera Ismail Hussain  , Maath Shukrie Sarhan
Published: April 2023

The aim of this work is to evaluate the suitability of gravely sediments of the Mukdadiya formation (Lower Pliocene) in the northern Hemrin anticline on Tikrit – Kirkuk road / north-eastern of Iraq for concrete uses , and compared with the standard specifications (Iraqi, American and British) samples have been collected from four different stations by two samples for each station for the purpose of conducting various geotechnical tests including physical tests , strength and durability as well as chemical tests) Results of geotechnical evaluation for physical tests show that the grain size distribution  of  the 1st and 2nd  stations suitable for uses to concrete for classes (40) class except  3rd. and 4th station , according to[1] , the results of Flakiness Index and elongation Index shows that the samples of four stations did not exceed the permitted border According to the British Standard and suitable to be provided by the requirements for the use of concrete .                          
The strength tests also showed the results of (AIV) shows it's don’t exceed than 9.95%) for all sample in the study area , and for compressive strength that taken from point load test shows that all stations classified the aggregate strength (very strong  -  extremely strong) according to[3] .                                                        
Durability geotechnical tests (Loss Angeles) results shows the percentage of weight loss for the four samples are not exceed the defined value 35% , so it is suitable for use for concrete and sub-base coarse aggregate and soundness test results shows suitability of all samples  to use in concrete works .
The chemical analysis  shows suitability according to the standards .
Overall, the study showing suitability for all tests with the requirements of the aggregate that are used in concrete except simple deviation in the grain grading in the third and fourth station .
The Effect of Heat Treatment on The Magnetic Properties of The (Fe-Mn) Alloys Prepared by Powder Metallurgy Method
Authors: I.K. Jassim  , A.S. Msghen  , A.S. Mahmood
Published: April 2023

This research studied the magnetic series of  (Fe1-xMnx)  which included the preparation alloys with weight ratios  (X=25,50,70,80)   by using Powder technology method . This study aimed to determine the Magnetic properties through the magnetic hestress loop . Number of magnetic properties  have been found such as Remained force (Br), Coerecive force (Hc),  Magnetic Relative permeability (µr) , and Magnetic Susceptibility (χm) for all study Samples . This experimental results were found a ferromagnetic behavior and sensitive to the heat treatment , which shows rapidity changeable to the paramagnetic behavior with the increasing the temperature degrees . The suitable heat treatment degree determined to get magnetic properties through the magnetic manufacturing operations . The results were explained due to the motion relation of magnetic spins with temperature degrees of heat treatment.
Study of the thermal, mechanical and costrictional properties to some Foreign dental amalgams using in Iraq
Authors: Abdul Kareem D.A  , Rajaa S.N.  , HALEEMAH  S.M.
Published: April 2023

In this paper, the preparation of five samples of amalgam alloy used for the restoration of teeth has been done using the  amalgamation device for mixing alloys with mercury. The alloys included four high copper amalgams which are (SDI, Septalloy NG 50, YDA alloy, TG alloy) and the percentage of copper (28, 22.7 , 25, 24) % respectively, which are ready fillings. While the fifth alloy (Septalloy NG70) is for low copper amalgam with Copper ratio of  12.7%. The X-ray diffraction has been tested to study the structural properties of these samples and found for the four high-copper alloys increment in the intensity for the diffraction values of the two phases Ɛ - Cu3Sn, ƞ - Cu6Sn5 with the disappearance of the phase γ2 - Sn7Hg which decreases the intensity  of this phase with copper increment, while in the low- copper alloy it shows an increase in the peaks representing the phases Ɛ - Cu3Sn, ƞ - Cu6Sn5 with an increasing proportion of copper in the amalgam, as the relationship is positive between copper increment and the tops increment of these two phases, and the relationship is inverse between the copper ratio increment in amalgams and phase γ2 where phase reacts with Eutects silver - copper component phases γ1 - Ag2Hg3, ƞ - Cu6Sn5. Also the mechanical and thermal properties has been studied for each one of five groups of amalgam alloy like compressive strength , micro hardness , thermal conductivity
Some methods of estimating the spatial pattern point data with application ( comparative study)
Authors: Jaufar Mousa Mohammed
Published: April 2023

The idea of this paper is to estimate spatial data points pattern by Inverse distance weighting, Teard surface analysis of first order and Ordinary kriging method, we calculate the mean absolute error MAE and root mean square error RMSE of these methods as standard to determine the best method to be adopted in the forecasting process, we have been using real data in this paper in the field of salinity dissolved in water wells in the province of kirkuk government , which has been obtained from the groundwater body in the Ministry of water Resources 2014 , and that all the calculations have been processed using matlab program with respect to another to methods
Enteric Protozoal Infections among Children with Cancers Receiving Chemotherapy
Authors: Zainab K. khaleel  , Abdul Salam M. Al-Mukhtar
Published: April 2023

Objectives: To detect enteric protozoal species in stool samples of children affected by malignancies who are receiving chemotherapy compared to healthy children and to investigate differences in the infection rates among different cancer types.
Materials and Methods: This study included 100 children diagnosed with malignancy under chemotherapy attended Ibn-Al-Atheer Teaching Hospital during the period from December 2013 to June 2014. The study also included 50 apparently healthy children as a control group who were age and gender matched to the cancer patients. Children were already diagnosed as having malignant disease by consultant oncologists and receiving chemotherapy. A Questionnaire Form was completed for each child. Stool samples were taken from patients and controls to detect protozoal infections. The stool was tested by direct wet mount preparation, iodine staining, and concentration methods, hot modified Ziehl-Neelson staining method was also used to detect the acid-fast oocysts of Cryptosporidium.
Results: Enteric protozoal infection was detected in 60 (60%) of patients compared to 5(10%) of controls (p<0.05). Four protozoal species were observed among patients included G. lamblia representing (24%), C. parvum (19%), E. histolytica/E. dispar (5%), and B. species (5%). Whereas in the control group, included G. lamblia (6%), C. parvum (2%), and B. species (2%). The highest infection rate was found among children with lymphoma (77.27%), followed by (62.26%) and (40%) among patients with leukemia and solid tumors, respectively (p>0.05).
Conclusions: The incidence of enteric protozoal infections is higher among cancer children than healthy group and dominates by Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium parvum, but other species including E. histolytica/ E. dispar and B. hominis are also found. Patients with lymphohematopoietic malignancies show the highest infection rates.
Improvement of antagonism and fungicides tolerance in Trichoderma harzianum and T.viride local isolates by Ultra-Violet irradiation
Authors: Abdullah  Abdul Kareem Hassan
Published: April 2023

Among 22 Iraqi Trichoderma harzianum  and T.viride isolates, T3,T5,D5,S1 and S6 related to T. harzianum  showed a higher antagonistic activity against the plant pathogenic fungi  Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani. These isolates were selected for improvement their biocontrol activity by usi
ng uv-irradiation. The optimum exposure time to ultraviolet irradiation is 30 min, in which, the percentage of kill was 98-99% .After UV-irradiation treatment (Quartz lamps 30W at 240-280 nm, peak 254nm, distance from the source was 20 cm), antagonistic capability against R. solani and F. oxysporum was improved in mutants MT3,MT5,MS1 and MS6, in which antagonistic reaction score were 3.6,3.9,3.2 and 3.6 against F. oxysporum and 3.7,4,3.4 and 4 against R. solani compared to 3.2, 2.8, 2.6 and 2.8 against F. oxysporum and 2.7, 2.9,3.1 and 3 against R. solani in the wild types T3, T5, S1 and S6,respectively. The growth of T. harzianum isolates (estimated as colony diameter) was significantly increased in all T. harzianum mutants except MT3 and MD5 mutants, CMCase activity was increased from 13.2, 16.2, 10 and 15.8 U/ml / mg protein in the wild isolates T3, T5, S1 and S6 to 18.6, 20.3, 17.7 and 22.5 U/ml / mg protein in the mutants MT3, MT5, MS1 and MS6, respectively. Chitinase activity was also increased in these mutants to 88.4,132.3,86.1 and 136.7 U/ml / mg protein, compared to 82.7, 93.2, 74.5 and 103.2 U/ml / mg protein in their wild, respectively. As comparison between wild types and mutants, the maximum growth was 5.2 and 4.8 cm (as colonies diameters) by MT5 in present of 25% of the recommended field rate of Topsin and Benomyl, compared to 3.3 and 2.2 cm in the wild type T5, respectively, followed by MS6,in which, the maximum growth in this mutant was 4.8 and 4.2 cm in the same concentration of these two fungicides, compared to 3.4 and 2.5 cm in the wild type S6, respectively. According to these results, the mutants MT5 and MS6 developed from UV-irradiation treatment, showed as promising T. harzianum mutants through their antagonistic activity (at mycoparasitism level) , fast growth, higher  CMCase and chitinase activity and growth in 25% of the recommended field rate of Elsa , 25 and 50% of the recommended field rate of Diathen and Mizab and all concentrations of Topsin and Benomyl with complete inhibition of pathogenic fungi F. oxysporum and R. solani.
Swarming motility Patterns of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from Otitis media
Authors: Ibraheem A. Latif
Published: April 2023

Pseudomonas aeruginosa presents three types of motility: swimming , twitching and swarming. The latter is characterized by rapid and coordinated group movement over a semisolid (viscous) surface resulting from morphological differentiation and intercellular interactions. A striking feature of P. aeruginosa swarming motility is the formation of migrating tendrils producing colonies with complex fractal-like patterns. In this study we reported an evidence that P. aeruginosa can spread on semisolid surfaces and expose swarming motility and to investigate the swarming motility patterns of these bacteria isolating from Otitis media, we culturing thirty clinical isolations of these bacterium on the swarming agar plate containing 0.5% agar. Our results reveals that 12 (40%) of studied isolates were detected dendritic swarming pattern , and 18 (60%) of these isolates were ring swarming pattern, besides that seven of P. aeruginosa total isolates were able to reveal both patterns of swarming motility when sub cultured on new swarming agar media, the results showed that the site of bacteria isolation don't influence and determine a swarming motility patterns of this bacteria, where, there are many studies on the same bacteria isolated from different infection sites which show the same swarming motility patterns according to this study. However, the mechanisms responsible for the dendritic and ring swarming patterns are largely unknown. Swarming motility may be an important factor in the pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa.
Study the effect of a drug depakene (Valproic acid) in the serum levels of immune proteins in albino male rats.
Authors: Wijdan I.A. Abd-alwahab  , Zaid M.M. Al-Mahdawi  , Sahib J. Abdoul-Rahman
Published: April 2023

This study aimed to investigate the effect of administration of depakene (valproic acid)(VPA) (15 mg/Kg of body weight, orally) on serum protein levels, including immune proteins, because its functions and the importance of these proteins in the body and they are overlapping, and that was by measured protein levels before and after treatment as concentrations of total protein (Tp), albumin and globulin in normal male rats and in rats that treated with VPA drug along the period of experiment (30) days. The results showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) in concentrations of total protein and albumin in comparison with normal control group, whereas did not observe significant differences (P<0.05) in globulin concentration compared with normal control group, despite of, there was a little decrease in globulin concentration in rats group that administrated the drug under study but non-significant. It could be concluded of the present study that the VPA drug have an greater side effects on concentration and function of proteins in serum, and subsequently, may extending these effects to comprise its effect on the immunity, osmotic pressure, blood volume, nutrients exchange between the blood and tissues, glomerular infiltration rate, transport many of materials and hormones, and several of physiological and biochemical functions which correlated with the serum proteins
The Role of Cystatin C and Galectin-3 in Cardiorenal Syndrome
Authors: Nazar Ahemd Naji  , Nagham Qasim Kazim
Published: April 2023

Acute heart disease patients often go on to develop worsening renal function,  termed as cardiorenal syndrome. The growing breadth of studies has shown the implications of combining multiple biomarkers to better chart outcomes between heart and kidneys, and produce desirable results in such patients,  as cystatin C and galectin-3
The aim: To estimate the levels of cystatin C and galectin-3,  and their relationship with cardiorenal syndrome.
Methods: Cystatin C and galectin-3 were obtained from 144 samples: 50 sample with cardiorenal syndrome, 25 sample with heart disease, 25 sample with kidney disease and 44 normal healthy .
Results: A highly significant increase (p<0.0001) in the levels of cystatin C in serum  of  patients with cardirenal syndrome, heart disease and kidney disease compared with normal individuals. A  highly significant (p<0.0001) increase in the serum levels of  galectin-3 in patients with cardirenal syndrome and patients with heart disease, significant increase in the serum levels of  galectin-3 and  in patients with kidney disease when compared with control group
Conclusions: Cystatin C and galectin-3 have higher diagnostic validity values in the current study, which may be useful as a diagnostic tool to identify  recurrence of  the cardiorenal syndromes
Study Optical Properties of (GA) Polysaccharide/Polyvinyl alcohol thin films
Authors: Mohanad Qader Kareem
Published: April 2023

In this research a new Thin films from mixing together natural polymer  (Gum acacia) polysaccharide with artificial polymer ( polyvinyl alcohol ) have been prepared using cast method .Optical absorption spectra of these thin films have been recorded  in the wavelength range (200-900)nm using UV-spectrophotometer .With thickness (3μm) the Optical band gap of the films has been calculated by using Taucs  relation and variations in the values of optical band gap with the variation of concentrations in the blend films have been found from (3.75 -4.1) eV.
Characterization Study and Optical properties of (GA) Gum acacia /(MF)Melamine formaldehyde composites
Authors: Suzan abd-allah Hassan
Published: April 2023

In this research we fabricated new Thin films of (Gum acacia) polysaccharide , melamine formaldehyde and their blends were prepared using cast method .Optical absorption spectra of these thin films have been recorded  in the wavelength range (200-900)nm using UV-spectrophotometer. Optical band gap of the films has been calculated by using Taucs relation and variations in the values of optical band gap with the variation of concentration in the blend films have been found from (3.75-4.15) ev
Global Conharmonic Concept Type Nearly Kahler Manifold
Authors: Ali A. Shihab
Published: April 2023

The concept of permanence conharmonic type Nearly Kahler manifold conditions are obtained when the Nearly Kahler manifold is a manifold conharmonic constant type. Proved that the local conharmonic constancy of type Nearly Kahler manifold is equivalent to its global conharmonic constancy of type. And also proved that the Nearly Kahler manifold conharmonic constant type is a manifold of constant scalar curvature.The notion of constancy of type Nearly Kahler manifolds was introduced A.Greem ([1], [2], [3]) and has proved very useful in the study of the geometry of nearly kahler manifolds. Next nearly kahler manifolds of constant type considered various mathematicians (see. [1], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7]). Comprehensive description of Nearly Kahler manifolds of constant type was obtained V.F.Kirichenko [6]. In [6] it is shown that Nearly Kahler manifold of pointwise constant type description by the identity  , where B - a function on Nearly Kahler manifold, . Wherein local constancy of type Nearly Kahler manifold is equivalent to the local constancy of its type. Moreover, the covariant constancy of structure tensors of the first and second kind it follows immediately that, the constancy of type at only one point Nearly Kahler space implies global consistency of its type.
Study of some epidemiological aspects and heamatological parameters associated with cutaneous leishmaniasis in Tikrit city
Authors: Marwa Jasim Al-Rasheed  , Abdullah Husain Al-Jebori  , Fatima Shihab Al-Nasiri
Published: April 2023

This study aimed to estimate the epidemiological prevalence of cutaneous Leishmaniasis, and it's distribution rate in Tikrit and affiliated towns and villages according to patients that attending Tikrit Teaching Hospital. This study recorded 531 cases of infections during the period from October 2011 till the end of September 2012. The results showed that the highest peak of infection was in December (35.59 %) ,  and infection in male was 50.66 % which was higher than female (49.34%). As well as the highest percentage of infection was represent in the age group under five years (47.65%). Also, the survey showed the higher percentage of infection was in the center of Tikrit city with 43.50 % and followed by towns and villages that affiliate to the city. This study also aimed to know the effect of cutaneous Leishmaniasis on some aspects of hematological parameters. In which the study recorded significant decrease in mean of packed cell volume (PCV) (36.57 ± 1.32، 34.73 ± 1.10) in males and females, respectively, compared with control (l(41.75 ± 1.45 ، 39.86 ± 1.10 in males and females, (respectively). Also, decrease in concentration of hemoglobin (Hb) (11.54 ± 0.41 , 10.97 ± 0.34) in both of males and females, respectively was recorded when they compared with control (13.13 ± 0.43 ، 12.56 ± 0.32 ) in male and females, (respectively). There are significant increased in the total count of white blood cells in both infected males and females (10750 ±  1251 , 9618 ±  935) was recorded when compared with control (6829 ± 655 , 9294 ± 1027 ) in male and females, (respectively).
Synthesis a Number of Heterocyclic Compounds and some of chalcones Derived From Levofloxacin
Authors: Ekram Abdullah Basheer  , Kalid Matny Al-jaanaby  , Feras Shauki Al-joboury
Published: April 2023

The hydrazide (1) was used as synthone for the following Compound pyridazine-3,6-dione (2) by reaction of hydrazide (1) with maleic  anhydride and Compound phthalazine-1,4-dione (3) by the reaction of  hydrazide (1) with phthalic anhydride. Substituted thiosemicarbazides (6-7) by hydrazide(1) reaction with substituted isothiocyanates in ethanol. The thiosemicarbazide (5) was, also synthesized by the reaction of hydrazide (1) with ammonium thiocyanate in presence of concentrated hydrochloric acid. 1-Formyl-2-acyl hydrazine (4) was obtained by the reaction hydrazide (1) with formic acid, and Substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazoles (8-12) were obtained by reaction the hydrazide (1) with substituted carboxylic acid. Then, it was cyclized by phosphorous oxy chloride. 1,3,4-Oxadiazole-5-thiol (35) was synthesized by reaction of  the  hydrazide (1) with carbon disulfide in presence alcoholic potassium hydroxide solution. Then, the compound (35) was used to synthesize: a- 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles (36-39) by reaction with alkyl halide. b-1,3,4-Oxadiazoline thione (40) by reaction with formaldehyde.  c- Triazole (41) by reaction with hydrazine hydrate in absolute ethanol. Pyrazolines compounds (23-32) were synthesized from the reaction of the hydrazide (1) with chalcones (13-22) (which were prepared by condensation of substituted  Benzaldehyde with substituted acetophenone under basic conditions). Pyrazoline dion (33) and pyrazole (34) were synthesized through the reaction of the hydrazide (1) with diethyl malonate and acetyl acetone respectively.
These compounds were characterization on bases of spectral (FT-IR)، and  (1H-NMR , 13C-NMR)،and physical data .
Techniques for Mixed Multiple Shooting for solve Stiff Initial Value Problems
Authors: Khalid A. M. Khalaf  , Bashir M. S. Khalaf
Published: April 2023

The object of the research is to develop a number of techniques on the subject of multiple shooting for solving stiff initial value problems, and these techniques increase the accuracy of numerical solutions of stiff problems, as well as reduce the accumulation of errors, In addition to reducing the algebraic equations to get to the solution. We used mixed-multiple shooting in the development of these techniques.
Study on Fuzzy-Clustering Methods in Fuzzy Time Series Forecasting with Application
Authors: Azher Abbas mohammad Ayad hammad  , Mohammed Taha A. AL-gan'nam  , KHalaf AL-loheby
Published: April 2023

In this research we study some fuzzy clustering methods in fuzzy time series forecasting especially Chen method and we used a FCM method to construct a fuzzy clustering . we suggest a new method for forecasting based on re-established a fuzzy group relation and we apply the suggest method and comparing the results of pervious methods for first and second order fuzzy relation with the number of clusters between 5 and 11 and we obtained best forecasting with m.s.e. less than the previous method.
Purification and Characterization of Phytase from Fruit Bodies of Local mushroom Pleorotus ostreatus Grown by Solid State Fermentation
Authors: Abdullah  A. Hassan  , HawazinA.Al-Jobory
Published: April 2023

Phytase produced from an edible local mushroom P.ostreatus11L was purified in three steps, in precipitation with ammonium Sulfate (saturation ratio70%), the specific activity of phytase increased from 0.38u/mg protein in crude extract to 0.77 u/mg protein with purification of 2.03 fold and  the enzyme yield was 92.05%, in ion exchange chromatography(DEAE-cellulose) step, specific activity was 3.6 u/mg protein with purification of 9.47 fold  with a yield of 71. 82%. In the last step, with gel filtration chromatography using Sephadex G75 which gave the highest specific activity reached 7.5 U/mg with the purification folds arrived to 19.74 and enzyme yield was 42.61%. The results showed that there is only one band appeared in SDS-PAGE technique indicating a high purity of phytase enzyme , the purified phytase behaved as a monomeric protein with a molecular mass of about 25.12 kDa . The phytase was active over a broad range of incubation temperature (20 - 50ºC), maximal activity was 0.83 unit/ml when phytase incubated at 30ºC while the enzyme has thermal stability over a broad range of temperatures (20-60ºC) for one h since more than 50 % of the relative enzyme activity was retained after incubation. Phytase was active over a broad range of pH (4-8), maximal activity was 0.81unit/ml when phytase incubated at pH 6 followed by 0.79 unit/ml when phytase incubated at pH 5 without significant differences between them. In addition , the enzyme was full stable at pH 5 and 6 for 1 h of incubation at 37oC. phytase activity didn’t reach 70% at the other pH values. Hence it is inferred that the phytase was active over a broad range of  pH 4-8. Among various metal ions, only MgSO4 has a syregenic effect with phytase activity in which activity increased as residual activity was 117.36% , while CuSO4 and ZnCl were the most inhibitory agents for P.ostreatus phytase.
Some haematological and biochemical parameters assessments in sheep infection by Haemonchus contortus
Authors: Ali Hassan Awad  , Almass Mohammed Ali  , Dakheel Hussein Hadree
Published: April 2023

The study was conducted on (100) sheep naturally infested with Haemonchus  contortus, (1-3 years old), in Tikrit city, from ist January 2014 to 31th May 2014. Affected sheep exhibited clinical signs included, emaciation, weakness, pale mucous membranes, rough, easily detached and lusterless coat. Ten  ml of blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of all the sheep's  using disposable syringes, then take 2.5 ml from blood sample was used to determine CBC the Red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC) , Haemoglobin estimation (Hb), Packed cells Volume (PCV). The study showed reduction in RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit and neutrophils (4.7±0.68), (6±0.74), (18±0.19), and (20±0.73) respectively. And reveled leukocytosis; Lymphocyte, eosinophil's and monocyte (11.6± 0.41), (65± 0.51), (10± 0.64) and (5± 0.29) respectively in infected sheep. and the remind samples were centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minute and serum was separated and stored at -20 °c until used for measure the biochemical change by use spectrophotometer. The results showed a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the rates of total protein concentration, albumin , iron, and zinc (5.02± 0.59 g/dl), (1.7 ± 0.45g/dl), (89.3 ± 12.41 µg/dl), (42.37± 16.22 µg/dl)  respectively in the serum of infected sheep according the compared with normal sheep.
Cadmium Accumulation in Some Organs of Mosquito Fish Gambusia holbrooki
Authors: Talib Hussen Ali  , Ali Ashkar Abed  , Amal abdul Ellah
Published: April 2023

The cadmium contents in muscle, brain, gills, liver , intestine and testis from exposed and control animals were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The experiments were planned in three series of a total of 95 fish  employing the static test method of acute toxicity. Five fishes were placed in each concentrations of three sublethal concentrations (5, 15 and 25mg/l) for two acute periods (24 and 96h). The experiments were performed as 3 replicates, the Cd accumulation in different fish organs were determined. This showed that the effect of acute Cd on different organs Cd accumulation in the G. holbrooki was found to be time dependent fashion. Atomic absorption examination showed that the Cd-content in both testis and intestine increased significantly time dependent by 502%, 167%, 168%, 146%,490%,214% in muscle ,brain, liver, gills, intestine and testis , respectively at short-acute term treatment whereas for long- acute term treatment this increasing were 44%,82  %,170%,127%,350%,400% in muscle ,brain, liver, gills, intestine and testis respectively
Study of Some Physiological and Biochemical Parameters in Women with Breastfeeding and Non-Breastfeeding in Erbil City
Authors: Saman M. Abdulkareem
Published: April 2023

Blood samples from one hundred healthy women (29-33 year) have been taken. The women were divided into 2 groups: group 1 including 50 women that exclusively breast-fed for 6 months, and group 2 composed of 50 women in whom lactation was inhibited with formula feeding.

The two groups were comparable in lipid profile, random blood sugar, serum calcium and phosphors, tumor markers, and testosterone hormone (P-value < 0.01). Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and random blood sugar (RBS) were significantly less in the breastfeeding group (P-value < 0.01). The mean totals LDL-C were 56.01± 0.35 and 71.90 ± 0.43mg/dl in groups 1 and 2, respectively. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was higher in the breastfeeding groups than in non-breastfeeding mothers (44.21±068mg/dl vs. 40.83±0.14mg/dl) but the difference was not statistically significant. Nevertheless, serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride, and serum very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) were insignificantly lowers in breastfeeding group (95.37±1.02 mg/dl) in comparison to non-breastfeeding group (112.8±1.02 mg/ dl). Tumor marker were determined with chemiluminescent immunometric methods in each group via an automatic hormone analyzer. However, breastfeeding mothers have slightly less percentage of CA 15-3 and CA 125 than formula-feeding mothers (9.67 ± 0.071 U/ml and 9.79 ± 0.079 U/ml versus 12.84 ± 0.13 U/ml and 12.34 ± 0.14 U/ml, respectively), but the difference was not statistically significant.
Phytochemical constituents and nutrient evaluation of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera, L.) pollen grains
Authors: Al-Samarai, A. H.  , Al-Salihi, F.G  , Al-Samarai, R.R
Published: April 2023

The pollen of date palm -DPP (Phoenix dactylifera L. variety El- Ghannmi Ahmar.) has been analyzed for the main phytochemical composition , nutrient and mineral composition. The phytochemical screening of chemical constituents of the plant showed that the DPP grains contains phytosterols, flavonoids, alkaloids, protein, carbohydrates, glycosides, phenolic compounds, tannins, terpenoids, saponins, coumarins, lignin, oil and fats, with absent of quinones. The quantitative contents of  alkaloids, tannin, phenolic compounds and sterols were (2416±0.034, 2279.6±35.769, 115±5 and 110.1±0.87)   mg/100g in DPP grains. While the moisture content of palm pollen grains was 8.041 ± 0.1%, and 91.959 ± 0.1 % for the total solids. Values 0.113±0.003 % and 5.585 ± 0.144 % were estimated for crude fiber and ash contents respectively. Crude fat content of DPP grains was 7.678 ±0.149%, 19.45%,  for crude protein and 26.25±0.315 g/100g for carbohydrates ,the energy value was 291.902 Kcal/100g. The predominant  minerals were potassium  73.5 mg/g, followed by magnesium 19.6 mg/g , calcium 10.8 mg/g and iron 8.5 mg/g. Comparable  amounts of  sodium 4.34 mg/g and copper 3.658 mg/g with equal amounts of  molybdenum, nitrogen and boron (3.169, 3.11 and 3.024) mg/g respectively were found in DPP grains. Palm pollen also contain useful amount of zinc 2.799 mg/g, manganese 2.702 mg/g, selenium 2.51 mg/g, cobalt 1.986 mg/g, nickel 1.698 mg/g and cadmium 0.12 mg/g. From all the results we can conclude that the date palm pollen was as rich source of antioxidant, energy, and important minerals, so   its suitability as a regular component in human diet.
The effect of UV – Radiation on Thermal and Mechanical Properties of (PP/LDPE) Blends
Authors: Balkees M. Aldabbagh  , Hanaa J. Al shimary  , Adnan R. Ahmmed
Published: April 2023

UV-rad effected on thermal and mechanical properties (density, Shore D hardness, melt flow index, DSC) properties were studied for polypropylene (PP) blended with low density polyethylene (LDPE) at different ratios (10% PP+90% LDPE), (25%PP+75%LDPE). Results shows decreasing of blend density with increasing of  PP content and increasing  of it  after UV-RAD for (15 hr.), also Shore D hardness decreased at the first ratio of  PP (10%) then it increased with increasing of PP contain. Also Shore D increases after UV rad for (15 hr.). Melt flow index (MFI) decreased after UV rad, also the UV rad leads to increasing of crystallinity regions of blends.