bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model for nanofluid flow over a curved stretching sheet: An application of Stefan blowing
Authors: Naveen Kumar Rangaswamy , Suresh Goud J. , Srilatha Pudhari , Manjunatha Pattasale T. , Rani S. Prasanna , Kumar Raman , Suresha S.
Published: April 2022

The present work investigates the thermophoresis and Brownian motion effects in nanofluid flow over a curved stretching sheet (CSS). Also, the Cattaneo–Christov heat flux and Stefan blowing (SB) conditions are considered for studying heat and mass transport characteristics. The present work's novelty is associated with considerations of convective boundary and SB conditions in nanomaterial flow over a CSS. The coupled partial differential equations are changed to ordinary differential equations by employing suitable similarity variables, and the resultant model is numerically handled using Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg's fourth fifth‐order method with the shooting scheme. The stimulation of the involved parameters/numbers on the flow, mass, and heat fields is broadly deliberated using suitable graphs. The present analysis's significant relevant outcomes are that the inclination in thermophoresis and Brownian motion parameters increases the heat transfer. The inclined values of the Brownian motion parameter decay the mass transfer. Furthermore, the increased values of both Schmidt number and SB parameter drop the mass transport. The increased values of the Brownian motion parameter and Schmidt number decays the rate of mass transference.
Accuracy of cytological examination of Tao brush endometrial sampling in diagnosing endometrial premalignancy and malignancy
Authors: Raffone Antonio , Raimondo Diego , Raspollini Arianna , Oliviero Alessia , Travaglino Antonio , Santoro Angela , Renzulli Federica , Lopez Giovanni , Maio Carlo Michele Di , Casadio Paolo , Zannoni Gian Franco , Seracchioli Renato , Mollo Antonio
Published: April 2022

Although Tao brush has become one of the most studied and used endometrial cytological samplers, concerns remain about the adequacy of the cytological sample compared with definitive histology. We aimed to assess accuracy of cytological examination from Tao brush sampling in diagnosing endometrial premalignancy and malignancy through a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Seven electronic databases were searched from January 2000 to July 2021 for all studies which allowed assessment of accuracy of Tao brush in diagnosing endometrial premalignancy and malignancy. We calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR+ and LR−), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) and area under the curve (AUC) on summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve. Five studies with 774 patients were included. In diagnosing endometrial premalignancy and malignancy, cytological examination from Tao brush endometrial sampling showed pooled sensitivity of 0.95 (95% CI, 0.90–0.98), specificity of 0.92 (95% CI, 0.90–0.94), LR+ of 12.73 (95% CI, 3.94–41.18), LR− of 0.09 (95% CI, 0.05–0.18), DOR of 184.84 (95% CI, 24.37–1401.79), AUC of 0.9757 (standard error: 0.013). In conclusion, cytological examination from Tao brush seems to have a high diagnostic accuracy and might be proposed as both screening and diagnostic tool. However, further studies are necessary to confirm these findings.
Obsessive beliefs prospectively predict adherence to safety behaviours related to COVID‐19 through obsessive–compulsive symptoms and COVID‐19 distress: A serial multiple mediator analysis
Authors: Trak Ezgi , İnözü Müjgan
Published: April 2022

Obsessive–compulsive tendencies may render individuals vulnerable to elevated distress and over‐adherence to safety behaviours during illness outbreaks. The present study investigated obsessive beliefs as a predictor of obsessive–compulsive symptoms, COVID‐19 distress and the exercise of safety behaviours related to COVID‐19 in a community sample. Four hundred seventy‐nine participants responded to a questionnaire battery in March 2020 and 218 individuals participated in a follow‐up assessment in September 2020. Results indicated that baseline obsessive beliefs predicted the exercise of baseline safety behaviours through obsessive–compulsive symptoms and COVID‐19 distress. In addition, the relationship between baseline obsessive beliefs and safety behaviour adoption 6 months later was mediated by later obsessive–compulsive symptoms and COVID‐19 distress. Findings extended prior research on the association between obsessive–compulsive phenomena and psychological changes related to illness outbreaks. The implications for prevention and treatment strategies are discussed.
Characterization and analysis of extended‐wear silicone hydrogel contact lenses utilizing novel silicone macromers
Authors: Wuchte Liana , DiPasquale Stephen , Masterson Ashlyn , Vance Abigail , Goff Jonathan , Arkles Barry , Sulaiman Santy , Byrne Mark
Published: April 2022

Contact lenses are one of the most successful biomaterials in history with a global market estimated to be worth over $17 billion in 2025. Silicone hydrogel contact lenses dominate the market and are complex biphasic biomaterials with several critical material properties needed for clinical use. Careful consideration of composition and chemistry is needed to identify formulations of lenses meeting all commercial standards with the potential for improved manufacturability, cost, and/or next generation use. Four silicone macromers were investigated in this work with varying symmetry of siloxane units and macromer structure, number of siloxane groups, branching, length, and concentration. Novel silicone hydrogel lenses were produced and evaluated for optical transmittance, elastic modulus, oxygen transmissibility, water content, and surface wettability. Several lenses met commercial standards and demonstrated an increase in oxygen permeability (Dk) and inverse relationship with elastic modulus and siloxane concentration, respectively. A hydrophobic/hydrophilic ratio below 1.4 was needed for a co‐continuous water phase. Substitution of methoxypropyl groups for butyl groups increased hydrophobic microdomains leading to decreased optical quality and mechanical properties. Generally, fluorine‐containing silicone macromers allowed for a wider range of successful compositions, and above a certain hydrophilic composition, the presence of trifluoropropyl groups resulted in improved solubility and optically clear lenses. Data also showed asymmetric siloxane macromers have potential to meet critical lens properties at lower overall siloxane content. New lens materials with wider composition ranges meeting all clinical lens properties is a significant challenge and may significantly expand the field.
Study on the difference of osteogenesis and Notch signaling pathway expression in biphasic calcium‐phosphorus ceramic granule materials with different microstructure
Authors: Zhang Dong , Guo Xiaoshuang , Zong Xianlei , Du Hong , Zhao Jingyi , Du Le , Cao Chunyan , Jin Xiaolei , Song Guodong
Published: April 2022

Different microstructures including micropore diameter, micropore volume, and micropore area of biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP, hydroxyapatite: β‐tricalcium phosphate = 8:2) ceramics granules were obtained by varying their sintering temperatures. Sprague–Dawley rat bone marrow‐derived stem cells (BMSCs) were co‐cultured with BCPs in vitro study and the BMSCs showed different degrees of proliferative activity under the influence of three materials. Cell proliferation and vitality were assessed. Three kinds of BCPs were implanted in the dorsal muscle of beagle dogs. At 1, 2, and 3 months, histological analyses were conducted to estimate the rate of osteogenesis. Expression of Notch pathway genes and osteogenic‐related genes were detected by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (q‐rtPCR). The proportion of osteogenesis area increased to:48.75 ± 4.20%, 29.48 ± 1.55%, and 26.58 ± 3.86% at 3 months after the implantation (1050, 1150, 1250). Significant differences were observed in the upregulation of Notch pathway genes among different BCPs. BCPs with different micropore diameters have different ectopic osteogenesis effects and led to up‐regulation of the Notch signaling pathway genes to different extents.
Goals Form: Reliability, validity, and clinical utility of an idiographic goal‐focused measure for routine outcome monitoring in psychotherapy
Authors: Cooper Mick , Xu Dan
Published: April 2022

Objective

This study aimed to assess the reliability, validity, and clinical utility of an idiographic, goal‐focused patient‐reported outcome measure: The Goals Form.

Methods

Data were analyzed from 88 participants, across three samples, who had participated in collaborative–integrative psychotherapy at university‐based clinics in the UK. The samples were approximately 70% female with mean age of 30 years old.

Results

The psychometric properties of the Goals Form were generally good. Noncompletion of individual items was low, temporal stability tended to be at target levels, and mean change scores showed moderate to good convergent validity against measures of psychological distress. The measure appeared sensitive to change in psychotherapy and was experienced by most patients as helpful.

Conclusions

The Goals Form shows acceptable psychometric and clinical properties for routine outcome monitoring in psychotherapy.
Histopathological changes in root and stem of mungbean exposed to Macrophomina phaseolina and dry biomass of Chenopodium quinoa
Authors: Khan Iqra Haider , Javaid Arshad
Published: April 2022

Mungbean production is affected by a fungal pathogen Macrophomina phaseolina. A pot experiment was carried out to check the effect of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) dry biomass on the histopathological features of mungbean exposed to M. phaseolina. For this, 1%, 2% and 3% (wt/wt) of C. quinoa dry biomass was mixed in the soil inoculated with M. phaseolina. The highest disease incidence (36%) was recorded in the positive control (only M. phaseolina). Different treatments of quinoa dry mass reduced disease incidence to 4–7%. After 4 weeks of germination, stem and root sections were stained in phloroglucinol‐HCl, ferric chloride and Lugol's iodine stains for the detection of lignin, polyphenols and starch granules, respectively, and studied under light microscope. Plants of positive control showed damaged cells, and heavy deposition of lignin, phenolics and starch granules as compared to plants of the negative control and those grown in the soil amended with different doses of dry biomass of quinoa. For better understanding, plant root and stem sections were studied under a scanning electron microscope. Plant sections from positive control exhibited the presence of M. phaseolina sclerotial bodies and hyphal growth, whereas in negative control normal cell structures were observed. However, C. quinoa amended stem and root sections revealed the presence of high gel deposition with normal cell structures and no pathogen establishment. This study concludes that application of C. quinoa is an effective and natural remedy to activate the resistance mechanism in plants and to combat the adverse effects of M. phaseolina.

Highlights

Macrophomina phaseolina causes charcoal rot in mungbean.

Chenopodium quinoa amendment significantly reduced incidence of charcoal rot disease.

M. phaeolina increased concentrations of polyphenols, lignin and starch granules in mungbean.
Patient falls in the operating room setting: An analysis of reported safety events
Authors: Tan Joy , Krishnan Sindhu , Vacanti Joshua C. , Wheeler Kimberly K. , Giovannini Sheila T. , Pimentel Marc P. , Urman Richard D.
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Patient falls are a preventable public health problem, and they are among the most reported safety incidents in the hospital. We used a hospital safety reporting system to examine the nature of reported falls in the perioperative setting at an academic tertiary center.

Methods: In this retrospective study, reports of perioperative safety events listed as “Falls” between 2014 and 2020 were analyzed for severity level and specific event type.

Results: Out of 8337 safety reports from 2014 to 2020, 86 were “fall” related (1%). The most common “fall” event type was “ambulating with assistance and the severity level reported was mainly level 1 (no harm, did reach patient, 63%) followed by level 2 (temporary or minor harm, 28%). One of the most frequently reported types of perioperative falls was from a bed or stretcher (15% of falls)”.

Conclusions: Our safety data reporting system identified falls as a safety event that causes patient harm in the perioperative setting that could be preventable with a multifaceted interdisciplinary approach. Risk managers can use these data to implement strategies to reduce falls such as creating screening protocols to identify high‐risk patients, educating and training healthcare personnel, and optimizing operating room, hospital, and equipment design.
Investigation and long‐term monitoring of the presence of neutralizing antibody in patients with COVID‐19 disease of different clinical severity
Authors: Kaygusuz Sedat , Korukluoğlu Gülay , Coşgun Yasemin , Şahin Ömer , Arslan Ferhat
Published: April 2022

Understanding the immune responses elicited by severe acute respiratory syndrome virus (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection is critical to public health policy and vaccine development and prevention of reinfections for COVID‐19. It is important to know the neutralizing capacity of antibodies and to monitor their persistence. Patients with COVID‐19 were divided into four groups (severe‐critical, moderate, mild, and asymptomatic) according to their clinical severity. Antibodies against SARS‐CoV‐2 spike viral surface protein were investigated by ELISA method 3 and 9 months after the onset of the disease. Neutralizing antibody (NAb) response was evaluated by microneutralization test. Patients who received at least two doses of COVID‐19 vaccine after illness were enrolled. SARS‐CoV‐2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) and NAb titers were shown to be strongly correlated with disease severity. Anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG and NAb levels were found to be compatible with each other. After 9 months of follow‐up, both IgG and NAb levels continued unabated in individuals who had the disease. In individuals who received at least two doses of the vaccine, these levels increased, except for severe‐critical patients. High levels of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG are indicative, as it is difficult to investigate NAb in routine laboratories. At the same time, it can be predicted that this period may be much longer if it continues for at least 9 months and is reinforced with vaccination.
Photobiomodulation therapy's effects on cardiac fibrosis activation after experimental myocardial infarction
Authors: Feliciano Regiane dos S. , Manchini Martha T. , Atum Allan L. B. , da Silva Gabriel Almeida , Antônio Ednei L. , Serra Andrey J. , Tucci Paulo J. F. , Andrade de Mello Ramon , Chavantes Maria C. , Baltatu Ovidiu C. , Silva Júnior José A.
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, and interventions to reduce myocardial infarction (MI) complications are widely researched. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) has altered multiple biological processes in tissues and organs, including the heart.

Objectives

This study aimed to assess the temporal effects of PBMT on cardiac fibrosis activation after MI in rats. In this proof‐of‐concept study, we monitored the change in expression patterns over time of genes and microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in the formation of cardiac fibrosis post‐MI submitted to PBMT.

Materials and Methods

Experimental MI was induced, and PBMT was applied shortly after coronary artery ligation (laser light of wavelength 660 nm, 15 mW of power, energy density 22.5 J/cm2, 60 seconds of application, irradiated area 0.785 cm2, fluence 1.1 J/cm2). Ventricular septal samples were collected at 30 minutes, 3, 6, 24 hours, and 3 days post‐MI to determine temporal PBMT's effects on messenger RNA (mRNA) expression associated with cardiac fibrosis activation and miRNAs expression.

Results

PBMT, when applied after ischemia, reversed the changes in mRNA expression of myocardial extracellular matrix genes induced by MI. Surprisingly, PBMT modified cardiac miRNAs expression related to fibrosis replacement in the myocardium. Expression correlations between myocardial mRNAs were assessed. The correlation coefficient between miRNAs and target mRNAs was also determined. A positive correlation was detected among miR‐21 and transforming growth factor beta‐1 mRNA. The miR‐29a expression negatively correlated to Col1a1, Col3a1, and MMP‐2 mRNA expressions. In addition, we observed that miR‐133 and Col1a1 mRNA were negatively correlated.

Conclusion

The results suggest that PBMT, through the modulation of gene transcription and miRNA expressions, can interfere in cardiac fibrosis activation after MI, mainly reversing the signaling pathway of profibrotic genes.
Bioprinting of Cell‐Laden Hydrogels onto Titanium Alloy Surfaces to Produce a Bioactive Interface
Authors: Kotlarz Marcin , Ferreira Ana Marina , Gentile Piergiorgio , Dalgarno Kenneth
Published: April 2022

The surface of metal implants serves as a powerful signaling cue for cells. Its properties play an essential role in stabilizing the bone–implant interface and facilitating the early osseointegration by encouraging bone deposition on the surface. However, effective strategies to deliver cells to the metal surfaces are yet to be explored. Here, a bioprinting process, called reactive jet impingement (ReJI), is used to deposit high concentrations (4 × 107 cells mL−1) of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) within hydrogel matrices directly onto the titanium alloy surfaces that vary in surface roughness and morphology. In this proof‐of‐concept study, cell–hydrogel–metal systems are fabricated with the aim of enhancing bioactivity through delivering MSCs in hydrogels at the bone–implant interface. These results show that the high cell concentrations encourage quick cell–biomaterial interactions at the hydrogel–metal surface interface, and cell morphology is influenced by the surface type. Cells migrate from the hydrogels and deposit mineralized matrix rich in calcium and phosphorus on the titanium alloy surfaces. The authors demonstrate that ReJI bioprinting is a promising tool to deliver cells in a 3D environment before implantation that can be used when developing a new generation of medical devices for bone tissue engineering.
Effect of Stereochemistry and Hydrophobicity on the Self‐Assembly of Phe‐Phe‐Nucleoside Conjugates
Authors: Tiwari Om Shanker , Ganesh Krishna N. , Gazit Ehud
Published: April 2022

Molecular self‐assembly of the minimal diphenylalanine (Phe‐Phe) peptide building block shows unique morphological organizations and potential utility in biochemistry and biomaterials applications. Furthermore, the molecular engineering of nucleoside‐conjugated Phe‐Phe scaffolds allows the formation of diverse architectures with tunable biophysical properties. While the self‐assembly of homochiral l‐dipeptides is well characterized, stereochemistry is known to determine the conformation, which also governs self‐assembly through molecular packing effects. Here, the effect of stereochemistry and hydrophobicity on Phe‐Phe nucleoside conjugates using all four diastereomers [(l)Phe‐(l)Phe, (d)Phe‐(dPhe, (l)Phe‐(d)Phe, and (d)Phe‐(l)Phe] of Phe‐Phe conjugates is systematically studied. The homochiral peptides form well‐defined nanorods while the heterochiral dipeptides do not form any regular structures. Since heterocyclic nucleobases can self‐assemble through hydrogen‐bonded complementary base‐pairing, the self‐assembly of chiral nucleoside‐conjugated Phe‐Phe peptides is examined. All conjugated Phe‐Phe peptides form seamless spherical particles. The completely or partially deprotected peptides do not assemble to any defined nanostructures suggesting that self‐assembly is governed by the precise hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance in the assembling units. Contact angle measurements of the diastereomeric peptides reveal a subtle difference in stereochemistry‐dependent molecular hydrophobicity. Taken together, it is revealed that the combination of chirality together with hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance within the peptides dictates the self‐assembly of Phe‐Phe dipeptide nucleoside conjugates.
Water‐Soluble Hyperbranched Polyamidoamine Bearing Viologen Groups toward Electrochromic/Electrofluorochromic Dual‐Mode Aqueous Phase Devices
Authors: Zhao Jiaxin , Zhou Mingjuan , Zhang Yingchao , Berda Erik B. , Chao Danming
Published: April 2022

The health and environmental concerns drive the exploration of electro‐optical materials featuring aqueous processability and environmental friendliness. This work presents a water‐soluble electroactive hyperbranched polyamidoamine toward electrochromic (EC)/electrofluorochromic (EFC) dual‐mode aqueous phase devices. The resultant polymer bearing viologen groups exhibit reversible electroactivity and desirable EC properties (ΔT% = 71.7%, coloration efficiency (CE) = 216 cm2 C−1). The aggregation‐induced quenching as well as the energy transfer between the electroactive viologen groups and autofluorescent tertiary amine units results in a simultaneous EFC behavior with acceptable fluorescence contrast (on/off = 8.5) and moderate switching speed (22.9/12.5 s). Furthermore, a reflective/emissive dual‐mode aqueous phase device is manufactured readily based on the resultant polymer, which displays a simultaneous EC and EFC performance with high optical contrast (ΔT% = 92%), moderate fluorescence contrast (4.5), competitive CE (108 cm2 C−1), and low switching voltage of −1.4 V.
Corporate social responsibility and perceived fairness of price increases
Authors: Sipilä Jenni , Alavi Sascha , Edinger‐Schons Laura Marie , Müller Urs , Habel Johannes
Published: April 2022

Consumers care about the fairness of companies both in terms of corporate social responsibility (CSR) engagement and the fairness of prices. However, the interplay between these domains is not yet well understood. Therefore, this study examines how consumers’ perceptions of CSR engagement affect their perceived price fairness following a price increase. Drawing on cue‐utilization and expectancy disconfirmation theory, the authors propose that perceived CSR engagement exacerbates the negative effect of a price increase on perceived price fairness, because perceived CSR engagement increases consumers’ price fairness expectations which are violated through price increases. These propositions are tested in three experimental studies with samples consisting of approximately 3000 customers of a global furniture manufacturer and retailer (Study 1), as well as participants acquired through a self‐administered online consumer panel (Study 2) and Prolific (Study 3). The experiments yield support for the hypothesized effects and reveal CSR skepticism as a critical boundary condition. The findings extend existing literature on the effects of perceived CSR engagement and pricing on consumer reactions by examining the role of perceived CSR engagement in shaping consumer reactions to price increases and by establishing consumers’ price fairness expectations as the central psychological mechanism.
Dual Responsive Molecular‐Arm Modified Single Enzyme Molecules for Efficient Cellulose Hydrolysis
Authors: Zhu Xing , Fan Mingliang , Cui Tianyu , Du Chenxi , He Bin
Published: April 2022

Immobilizing cellulase for improving its hydrolysis activity and recyclability is critical for a cost‐effective and environment‐friendly conversion of cellulosic biomass. However, developing a strategy for achieving a high mass‐transfer rate and good separation efficiency between an insoluble cellulose substrate and cellulase remains difficult. Instead of the traditional method, a single‐enzyme molecular modification method is used in this study. To modify cellulase and provide it with a temperature–pH dual responsive property, systemized poly(acrylic‐acrylonitrile) (PAA–PAN) molecular arms are used. The modified cellulase can reversibly transform between liquid and solid phases. In the liquid phase, the modified cellulase can adjust its active center, increasing its hydrolysis efficiency and separation efficiency. Cellulase and glucose products can be easily separated in the solid phase, allowing the reuse of cellulase. The results show that the modified cellulase's hydrolysis efficiency is comparable to that of free cellulase and that the modified enzyme preserves more than 60% of its initial activity after 15 batches of efficient hydrolysis. Thus, the proposed modification route considerably lowers the cost of cellulose enzymatic hydrolysis.
How do the network structures of lead investors affect the following of distant strangers? Evidence from Chinese equity crowdfunding
Authors: Zhang Huiling , Li Yaokuang , Wu Juan , Ling Li
Published: April 2022

By employing an integrated network perspective, this article aims to explain how the network structures of lead investors impact the following of distant strangers in the context of equity crowdfunding (ECF). We conduct an empirical analysis of our thesis based on a Chinese ECF platform. The findings show that the lead investors occupying less central positions in an entire network attract more distant strangers and that the density of ego networks not only has a U‐shaped relationship with the following of distant strangers but also positively moderates the relationship between centrality and the following of distant strangers.
Executive resume information disclosure and corporate innovation: Evidence from China
Authors: Ding Bin Yan , Wei Feng
Published: April 2022

This paper examines the impact of executive resume information disclosure on corporate innovation in China. Text analysis is used to measure executive resume information disclosure by constructing three indicators of completeness, readability, and detail from the form and content. The results show that executive resume information disclosure promotes corporate innovation. Moreover, executive resume information disclosure is incrementally informative on corporate innovation by attracting high‐educated employees or alleviating financing constraints. Further analyses show that the innovation motivation of executive resume information disclosure is enhanced when firms have a better information environment as represented by greater media coverage and higher audit quality.
Growth opportunity and investment policy: The role of managerial incentives
Authors: Adu‐Ameyaw Emmanuel , Danso Albert , Hickson Linda
Published: April 2022

Based on the neo‐classical theory of investment (Tobin's Q), this study looks at how growth opportunity drives investment policies and the extent to which this relationship is sensitive to managerial incentives. We use data from 213 non‐financial and non‐utility UK FTSE 350 firms for the period 2007–2015, generating a total of 1748 firm‐year observations. We uncover that growth opportunity firms invest more in fixed intangible assets but less in tangible capital assets activities. We further observe that the growth opportunity‐fixed intangible assets' investment is more sensitive to executive compensation incentives. Our results remain robust to alternative econometric models.
Strongly indefinite Choquard equation in ℝ2 with critical exponential growth
Authors: Gao Quan , Chen Weiya , Qin Dongdong , Wu Qingfang
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we show the existence of nontrivial solutions for the following planar Choquard equation:

where
is the Riesz potential. We mainly consider the case that
is 1‐periodic,
has critical exponential growth at infinity and 0 lies in a gap of the spectrum of
. There are few works in the literature concerned with such problem due to the compactness issue, appearance of the convolution term
, and the difficulties aroused by the strongly indefinite characteristic and the critical exponential growth of
. By employing an approximation scheme and some fine estimates of the mountain pass minimax levels in combination with related variational arguments, we show nontrivial solution for the above strongly indefinite problem.
Dynamic changes in liver volume calculated using a three‐dimensional visualisation system after microwave ablation of hepatocellular carcinomas
Authors: Dong Linan , Cheng Zhigang , Liu Fangyi , Yu Xiaoling , Han Zhiyu , Luo Yanchun , Xu Hongli , Chen Rendong , Huang Chongfei , Yu Jie , Liang Ping
Published: April 2022

Objectives

To investigate the changes in liver volume and function after microwave ablation (MWA) of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs).

Materials and Methods

We retrospectively analysed 76 patients with 106 nodules who underwent MWA for HCCs ≤5 cm between January 2015 and September 2017. Liver and ablation volumes were calculated using a three‐dimensional visualisation system on MRI. Multiple regression analysis was used to estimate the association between the ablation volume and liver volume changes. Deformable image registration (DIR) was performed to confirm the influence of liver volume changes on curative effect evaluation after ablation.

Results

The initial liver and tumour volumes were 1262.1 ± 259.91 cm3 (range: 864.9–1966.8) and 2.5 cm3 (interquartile range [IQR]: 1.3–8.8), respectively. Compared to the initial liver volumes, the entire live volume (ELV) increased by 10.1% ± 8.93% (range: −4.9% to 46.68%) on the 3rd day after ablation. Subsequently, it recovered to initial level at the 3rd month and maintained its level during the 1‐year follow‐up. The median total ablation volume was 34.9 cm3 (IQR: 20.4–65.4) on the 3rd day after ablation, which decreased by 71.2% (IQR: 57.4%–78.1%) 1 year after ablation. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and total bilirubin (T‐Bil) peaked within 3 days after MWA and recovered to normal within 1 month. The ablation volume proportion of the ELV was an independent risk factor for the increase in the ELV and AST, ALT and T‐Bil levels within 3 days after ablation. When DIR was conducted to fuse ablation zone and tumour, the reshaped tumour volumes were enlarged by 40% because of the increase in ELV.

Conclusions

MWA of HCCs based on the Milan criteria could induce temporary increases in ELV and RLV within 3 days after ablation, but both parameters recovered to initial levels 3 months after ablation. This indicates that MWA of early‐stage HCCs would not lead to liver volume loss and could potentially protect liver function. The liver cannot be treated as an incompressible organ after ablation, and the appropriate deformation constraint should be designed for DIR to evaluate ablation margin accurately.
Glioma grading prediction using multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging‐based radiomics combined with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and diffusion tensor imaging
Authors: Lin Kun , Cidan Wangjiu , Qi Ying , Wang Xiaoming
Published: April 2022

Purpose

To evaluate the efficacy of three‐dimensional (3D) segmentation‐based radiomics analysis of multiparametric MRI combined with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐MRS) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in glioma grading.

Method

A total of 100 patients with histologically confirmed gliomas (grade II–IV) were examined using conventional MRI, 1H‐MRS, and DTI. Tumor segmentations of T1‐weighted imaging (T1WI), contrast‐enhanced T1WI (T1WI+C), T2‐weighted imaging (T2WI), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) mapping, and fractional anisotropy (FA) mapping were performed. In total, 396 radiomics features were extracted and reduced using basic tests and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression. The selected features of each sequence were combined, and logistic regression with ten‐fold cross‐validation was applied to develop the grading model. Sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) were compared. The model developed from the training set was applied to the test set to measure accuracy. One optimal grading quantitative parameter was selected for each 1H‐MRS and DTI analysis. A radiomics nomogram model including radiomics signature, quantitative parameters, and clinical features was developed.

Results

T1WI+C exhibited the highest grading efficacy among single sequences (AUC, 0.92; sensitivity, 0.89; specificity, 0.85), but the efficacy of the combined model was higher (AUC, 0.97; sensitivity, 0.94; specificity, 0.91). The AUCs of all models exhibited high accuracy, and no significant differences were observed in AUCs between the training and test sets. The visualized nomogram was developed based on the combined radiomics signature and choline (Cho)/N‐acetyl aspartate (NAA) from 1H‐MRS.

Conclusion

Multiparametric MRI can be used to predict the pathological grading of high‐grade gliomas (HGGs) and low‐grade gliomas (LGGs) by combining radiomics features with quantitative parameters. The visualized nomogram may provide an intuitive assessment tool in clinical practice.

Clinical trial registration

This trial was not registered, as it was a retrospective study and was approved by the local institutional review board.
A review of high‐velocity impact on fiber‐reinforced textile composites: Potential for aero engine applications
Authors: Li Yinghong , Chen Xuefeng , Zhou Jin , Liu Xiaochuan , Zhang Di , Du Feiping , He Weifeng , Jia Pu , Liu Haibao
Published: April 2022

Considerable research has indicated that fiber‐reinforced textile composites are significantly beneficial to the aerospace industry, especially aero engines, due to their high specific strength, specific stiffness, corrosion resistance, and fatigue resistance. However, damage caused by high‐velocity impacts is a critical limitation factor in a wide range of applications. This paper presents an overview of the development, material characterizations, and applications of fiber‐reinforced textile composites for aero engines. These textile composites are classified into four categories including two‐dimensional (2D) woven composites, 2D braided composites, 3D woven composites, and 3D braided composites. The complex damage mechanisms of these composite materials due to high‐velocity impacts are discussed in detail as well.
Relationship between autistic traits and social functioning in healthy individuals
Authors: Demizu Yuria , Matsumoto Junya , Yasuda Yuka , Ito Satsuki , Miura Kenichiro , Yamamori Hidenaga , Fujimoto Michiko , Hasegawa Naomi , Ishimaru Keiichiro , Hashimoto Ryota
Published: April 2022

Aim

Social functioning is influenced by various factors. Autistic traits could be one of the factors that affect social functioning.

Methods

In the present study, the relationship between autistic traits and social functioning among 755 healthy individuals was analyzed. Autistic traits were assessed with the autism‐spectrum quotient. Social functioning was assessed by the social functioning scale and the social activity assessment.

Results

The Autism‐Spectrum Quotient total score was significantly negatively correlated with the social functioning scale total and all subscales of the social functioning scale. All subscales of the Autism‐Spectrum Quotient except attention to detail were significantly negatively correlated with the social functioning scale total score. However, the Autism‐Spectrum Quotient was not correlated with the social activity assessment, which indicates labor functioning.

Conclusion

Autistic traits of healthy individuals had a negative impact on situations in real life through social functioning for daily life‐sustaining. The effect was not enough to affect labor functioning as indicated by working hours in healthy individuals. These findings should also be examined in individuals with autism spectrum disorder in future studies.
Parents of minor children lose less weight during a behavioral weight loss intervention: Findings from the Rural LEAP trial
Authors: Befort Christie A. , Ross Kathryn M. , Janicke David M. , Perri Michael G.
Published: April 2022

Objective

The transition to parenthood is associated with worsening health behaviors, yet the impact of parental status on successful weight loss has rarely been examined. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of parental status of minor children on weight loss and behavioral adherence in a rural community‐based weight loss intervention.

Methods

Five hundred and twenty‐eight adults (age 21–75 years, body mass index [BMI] 30–45 kg/m2) were enrolled in a group‐based weight loss intervention consisting of 16 weekly sessions delivered in face‐to‐face group sessions at Cooperative Extension Service (CES) offices. Participants who were parents with at least one minor child (≤18 years old) in the home were compared to participants with no minor children in the home. Measures included percent weight loss, session attendance, adherence to self‐monitoring, and achieving calorie and physical activity goals.

Results

Compared to participants without minor children, parents with minor children lost significantly less weight (7.5% vs. 6.2%, respectively; p = 0.01), and were less likely to lose ≥5% of baseline weight (59.2% vs. 70.2%, respectively; p = 0.02). In addition, parents with minor children attended significantly fewer sessions, had lower adherence to self‐monitoring, and met calorie and step goals less often (all ps < 0.001). The association between parental status and percent weight loss was not significantly moderated by gender of the parent.

Conclusions

Parents of minor children had greater difficulty adhering to intervention goals and lost less weight than participants without minor children. Future research should investigate whether tailoring intervention to meet the unique needs of parents can enhance outcomes, especially given the large segment of the population represented by this group.
Effect of weak intermolecular interactions in micro/nanoscale polyphosphazenes and polyethylene terephthalate composites on flame retardancy
Authors: Zhu Yuanzhao , Wu Wei , Xu Tong , Xu Hong , Zhong Yi , Zhang Linping , Ma Yimeng , Sui Xiaofeng , Wang Bijia , Feng Xueling , Mao Zhiping
Published: April 2022

This study investigates the effects of weak intermolecular interactions on the flame retardancy of a poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and polyphosphazene flame retardant. Monodispersed poly‐(cyclotriphosphazene‐co‐4,4′‐sulfonyldiphenol) (PZS) microspheres with different diameters were synthesized by controlling the reactant concentration. Simulation studies revealed that the weak intermolecular interactions between PZS and PET predominantly include strong hydrogen bonding and π–π interactions. The weak intermolecular interactions imparted high thermal stability, even in the molten state, and PZS microspheres with smaller diameters achieved stronger hydrogen bonds and π–π interactions with PET. The diameter of the PZS microspheres influenced the limiting oxygen index value and UL‐94 rating. Increasing the carbon residue alone was insufficient to promote the flame retardancy, and the weak intermolecular interactions played an important role. Thus, stronger weak‐intermolecular‐interactions are beneficial for realizing a material with superior flame retardancy and anti‐dropping performance.
Volumetric modulated arc therapy total body irradiation in pediatric and adolescent/young adult patients undergoing stem cell transplantation: Early outcomes and toxicities
Authors: Marquez Cesar , Hui Caressa , Simiele Eric , Blomain Erik , Oh Justin , Bertaina Alice , Klein Orly , Shyr David , Jiang Alice , Hoppe Richard T. , Kovalchuk Nataliya , Hiniker Susan M.
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Total body irradiation (TBI) is an important component of many conditioning regimens for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), most commonly used in pediatric and adolescent/young adult (AYA) patients. We aimed to evaluate outcomes and toxicities among pediatric and AYA patients treated with TBI utilizing volumetric modulated arc therapy total body irradiation (VMAT‐TBI).

Methods

We reviewed pediatric and AYA patients treated with VMAT‐TBI at our institution from 2019 to 2021. Data on patient and disease characteristics, treatment details, outcomes and toxicities were collected. Overall survival (OS) and relapse‐free survival (RFS) were analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method.

Results

Among 38 patients, 16 (42.1%) were treated with myeloablative regimens and 22 (57.9%) with nonmyeloablative regimens. Median age was 7.2 years (range: 1–27) and median follow‐up was 8.7 months (range: 1–21). Lungs Dmean was 7.3 ± 0.3 Gy for myeloablative regimens (range: 6.8–7.8). Kidneys were spared to average mean dose of 71.4 ± 4.8% of prescription dose. Gonadal sparing was achieved for patients treated for nonmalignant diseases to Dmean of 0.7 ± 0.1 Gy. No patient experienced primary graft failure; one (2.6%) experienced secondary graft failure. The most common grade 1–2 acute toxicities were nausea (68.4%) and fatigue (55.3%). Mucositis was the most common grade 3–4 acute toxicity, affecting 39.5% of patients. There were no cases of pneumonitis or nephrotoxicity attributable to TBI.

Conclusion

VMAT‐TBI offers increased ability to spare organs at risk in pediatric and AYA patients undergoing HSCT, with a favorable acute/subacute toxicity profile and excellent disease control.
Nanofiller dispersing, drawn orientation, and mechanical properties of polymer‐based composites via organo‐modification of single‐walled carbon nanotubes obtained by two‐types of manufacturing processes
Authors: Xu Kai , Harada Ko , Almarasy Ahmed A. , Hayasaki Takuto , Fujimori Atsuhiro
Published: April 2022

The filler dispersibility, structural changes by drawing, and mechanical properties of polymer‐based composites containing two types of organo‐modified single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) fabricated using different methods were investigated. In this study, the SWCNTs manufactured by super‐growth chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and improved arc discharge (iAD) were used. Further, they were surface‐modified with fluorinated phosphonic acid, and the composites were prepared with crystalline fluoropolymer by melt compounding. By introducing a very small amount of fluorinated phosphonic acid as a dispersion aid, jet‐black composites with uniform dispersibility were obtained. In the high‐temperature drawing process, the aggregated SWCNTs in the composites were uniaxially oriented along the drawing direction. The crystallinity and mechanical properties of the composites were significantly improved by the composite preparation with SWCNTs and their drawing orientation. The SWCNTs derived from the super‐growth CVD method exhibited excellent dispersibility in the matrix polymer, and the composite containing SWCNTs derived from iAD method had excellent mechanical properties.
Production of basalt/wood fiber reinforced polylactic acid hybrid biocomposites and investigation of performance features including insulation properties
Authors: Aykanat Onur , Ermeydan Mahmut Ali
Published: April 2022

Environmental concerns of disposals of automotive, building, or packaging applications enforce researchers to find alternative green materials. Hybrid biocomposites, which consists of both natural/man‐made fibers and biopolymers, can be an alternative to glass fiber‐supported composites. On the other hand, heat and sound insulation are key properties for automotive and building industries and there is limited knowledge about insulation properties of biocomposites. In this study, we produced basalt/beech wood fiber reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) biocomposites by twin‐screw extruder, followed by compression molding. We investigated sound and heat insulation properties as well as mechanical and physical properties. Thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared and scanning electron microscopy analyses were carried out for thermal, chemical, and morphological characterization of biocomposites, respectively. Analysis revealed that basalt/wood fiber support improved heat and sound insulation of biocomposites; however, water absorption properties reduced by natural fiber loading. Besides, both tensile and flexural strength of the biocomposites reduced by increasing natural fiber loading.
Raine syndrome: Report of a novel mutation and review of the different antenatal imaging modalities used to diagnose this disease
Authors: Rameh Georges , Megarbane Andre , Jalbout Liliane , Snaifer Elie , Saliba Souha , Nassar Anwar , Chalouhi Gihad
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Raine syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized mainly by the presence of exophthalmos, choanal atresia or stenosis, osteosclerosis, and cerebral calcifications. There are around 50 cases described in the literature with a prevalence of less than 1/1,000,000. It is secondary to pathogenic variants in the FAM20 C gene, located on chromosome 7p22.3.

Case report

We report a consanguineous family with three affected pregnancies. In the first two, exophthalmos and bone abnormalities were noted, ending in one intra‐uterine demise and one neonatal death, without identifying any genetic disorder. During the couple's most recent pregnancy, fetal anomaly sonogram and fetal CT scan revealed microcephaly, intracranial calcifications, exophthalmos, hypertelorism, depressed nasal bridge, midface hypoplasia and thoracic hypoplasia. Fetal blood sampling for whole exome sequencing revealed a novel pathogenic homozygous variant c.1363+1G > A in the FAM20 C gene associated with Raine syndrome. Delivery occurred at 26 weeks of gestation after rupture of membranes followed by neonatal death due to respiratory failure.

Review

A review of the distinctive features of Raine syndrome, the contribution of different prenatal imaging modalities (Ultrasound, Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging) in making the diagnosis and the molecular characterization of this disorder is provided.
Influenza vaccination during pregnancy and risk of selected major structural noncardiac birth defects, National Birth Defects Prevention Study 2006–2011
Authors: Palmsten Kristin , Suhl Jonathan , Conway Kristin M. , Kharbanda Elyse O. , Ailes Elizabeth C. , Cragan Janet D. , Nestoridi Eirini , Papadopoulos Eleni A. , Kerr Stephen M. , Young Sean G. , DeStefano Frank , Romitti Paul A. ,   The National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Published: April 2022

Purpose

To assess associations between influenza vaccination during etiologically‐relevant windows and selected major structural non‐cardiac birth defects.

Study Design

We analyzed data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, a multisite, population‐based case–control study, for 8233 case children diagnosed with a birth defect and 4937 control children without a birth defect with delivery dates during 2006–2011. For all analyses except for neural tube defects (NTDs), we classified mothers who reported influenza vaccination 1 month before through the third pregnancy month as exposed; the exposure window for NTDs was 1 month before through the first pregnancy month. For defects with five or more exposed case children, we used logistic regression to estimate propensity score‐adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for estimated delivery year and season; plurality; maternal age, race/ethnicity, smoking and alcohol use, low folate intake; and, for NTDs, folate antagonist medications.

Results

There were 334 (4.1%) case and 197 (4.0%) control mothers who reported influenza vaccination from 1 month before through the third pregnancy month. Adjusted ORs ranged from 0.53 for omphalocele to 1.74 for duodenal atresia/stenosis. Most aORs (11 of 19) were ≤1 and all adjusted CIs included the null. The unadjusted CIs for two defects, hypospadias and craniosynostosis, excluded the null. These estimates were attenuated upon covariate adjustment (hypospadias aOR: 1.25 (95% CI 0.89, 1.76); craniosynostosis aOR: 1.23 (95% CI: 0.88, 1.74)).

Conclusions

Results for several non‐cardiac major birth defects add to the existing evidence supporting the safety of inactivated influenza vaccination during pregnancy. Under‐reporting of vaccination may have biased estimates downward.