bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regiodivergent catalytic asymmetric dearomative cycloaddition of bicyclic heteroaromatics
Authors: Peng Lei , Zeng Zhen , Li Kai , Liu Yidong , Lan Yu , Yan Hailong
Published: April 2023

The catalytic dearomative cycloaddition of bicyclic heteroaromatics including benzofurans and indoles provides rapid access to functionalized heterocyclic molecules. Because of the inherent stereoelectronic differences, the furan or pyrrole nucleus is more prone to dearomative cycloaddition than the benzene ring. Here, we realized a geometry-based differentiation approach for achieving C6-C7 and C7-C7a regioselectivity. The rotationally restricted σ bond at C7 position respectively placed the C6-C7 and C7-C7a sites of benzofurans or indoles in an optimal spatial orientation toward the axially chiral heterodiene, thus affording two enantioenriched polycyclic compounds from a single racemic heterobiaryl atropisomers. Calculation results of density functional theory interpreted the mechanism of this parallel kinetic resolution. The bioactivity of the dearomatized products was evaluated in cancer cell lines with certain compounds exhibiting interesting biological activities.
A customized MOF-polymer composite for rapid gold extraction from water matrices
Authors: Xue Tianwei , He Tao , Peng Li , Syzgantseva Olga A. , Li Ruiqing , Liu Chengbin , Sun Daniel T. , Xu Guangkuo , Qiu Rongxing , Wang Yanliang , Yang Shuliang , Li Jun , Li Jian-Rong , Queen Wendy L.
Published: April 2023

With the fast-growing accumulation of electronic waste and rising demand for rare metals, it is compelling to develop technologies that can promotionally recover targeted metals, like gold, from waste, a process referred to as urban mining. Thus, there is increasing interest in the design of materials to achieve rapid, selective gold capture while maintaining high adsorption capacity, especially in complex aqueous-based matrices. Here, a highly porous metal-organic framework (MOF)–polymer composite, BUT-33–poly(
para
-phenylenediamine) (PpPD), is assessed for gold extraction from several matrices including river water, seawater, and leaching solutions from CPUs. BUT-33–PpPD exhibits a record-breaking extraction rate, with high Au
3+
removal efficiency (>99%) within seconds (less than 45 s), a competitive capacity (1600 mg/g), high selectivity, long-term stability, and recycling ability. Furthermore, the high porosity and redox adsorption mechanism were shown to be underlying reasons for the material’s excellent performance. Given the accumulation of recovered metallic gold nanoparticles inside, the material was also efficiently applied as a catalyst.
Stay or Go: Sulfolobales Biofilm Dispersal Is Dependent on a Bifunctional VapB Antitoxin
Authors: Lewis April M. , Willard Daniel J. , H. Manesh Mohamad J. , Sivabalasarma Shamphavi , Albers Sonja-Verena , Kelly Robert M.
Published: April 2023

Biofilms allow microbes to resist a multitude of stresses and stay proximate to vital nutrients. The mechanisms of entering and leaving a biofilm are highly regulated to ensure microbial survival, but are not yet well described in archaea.
Pairing Colicins B and E5 with Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus To Eradicate Carbapenem- and Colistin-Resistant Strains of Escherichia coli
Authors: Upatissa Sumudu , Mun Wonsik , Mitchell Robert J.
Published: April 2023

The coupled impact of drug resistance with reduced antibiotic development has placed humankind at a postantibiotic crossroads where antibiotic alternatives are desperately needed. Consequently, we discuss here the combined effectiveness of two vastly different classes of antibacterials, namely, colicins and a predatory bacterium (i.e.,
Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus
HD100), against two priority pathogenic groups, colistin- and carbapenem-resistant strains of
E. coli
Adenylyl-Sulfate Kinase (Met14)-Dependent Cysteine and Methionine Biosynthesis Pathways Contribute Distinctively to Pathobiological Processes in Cryptococcus neoformans
Authors: Lee Seung-Heon , Jang Yu-Byeong , Choi Yeseul , Lee Yujin , Shin Bich Na , Lee Han-Seung , Lee Jong-Seung , Bahn Yong-Sun
Published: April 2023

Current antifungal drugs have several limitations, such as drug resistance, severe side effects, and a narrow spectrum. Therefore, novel antifungal targets are urgently needed.
Mechanism of Metabolic Response to Hepatectomy by Integrated Analysis of Gut Microbiota, Metabolomics, and Proteomics
Authors: He Ruoxuan , Gao Shuang , Yao Hua , Zhao Zixuan , Tong Jinjin , Zhang Hua
Published: April 2023

As the largest parenchymal organ, the liver is a target for bacterial and viral infections, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cirrhosis, cancer, and many other diseases, constituting a serious worldwide problem. The treatment for many of these diseases involves hepatectomy.
Identification of Long Intergenic Noncoding RNAs in
Rhizoctonia cerealis
following Inoculation of Wheat
Authors: Yi Ke , Yan Weiyi , Li Xiang , Yang Shuqing , Li Jiaqi , Yin Yifan , Yuan Fengping , Wang Haiying , Kang Zhensheng , Han Dejun , Zeng Qingdong
Published: April 2023

Rhizoctonia cerealis
, the primary causal agent of wheat sharp eyespot, has caused significant losses in worldwide wheat production. Since no resistant wheat cultivars exist, chemical control is the primary method.
Simultaneous Expression of Chicken Granulocyte Monocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor and the Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase Epitope of the Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus Genotype VII C22 Strain in a Functional Synthetic Recombinant Adenovirus as a Genotype-Matched Vaccine with Potential Antiviral Activity
Authors: Adam Fathalrhman Eisa Addoma , Zhao Xueliang , Guan Zhao , Chang Zhengwu , Thrusfield Michael , Lu Kejia , El Tigani-Asil El Tigani Ahmed , Terab Abdelnasir Mohammed Adam , Ismael Mohamedelfateh , Tong Lina , Prince-Theodore Daguia Wenam , Luo Chen , Xiao Sa , Wang Xinglong , Liu Haijin , Yang Zengqi
Published: April 2023

We studied the biological characterization of the developed functional synthetic recombinant adenoviruses, which showed a high degree of safety, thermostability, and genetic stability for up to 20 passages. It was demonstrated through both
in vitro
and
in vivo
testing that the immunogenicity of the proposed vaccine, which uses the T2A peptide from the
Thosea asigna
virus capsid protein supported by glycine and serine, helps with efficiency to generate a multicistronic vector, enables expression of two functional proteins in rAdv-ChGM-CSF-HN, and is superior to that of comparable vaccines.
BopN is a Gatekeeper of the
Bordetella
Type III Secretion System
Authors: Navarrete Kevin Munoz , Bumba Ladislav , Prudnikova Tatyana , Malcova Ivana , Allsop Tania Romero , Sebo Peter , Kamanova Jana
Published: April 2023

The T3SS is utilized by many Gram-negative bacteria to deliver effector proteins from bacterial cytosol directly into infected host cell cytoplasm in a regulated and targeted manner. Pathogenic bordetellae use the T3SS to inject the BteA and BopN proteins into infected cells and upregulate the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) to evade host immunity.
Development and Evaluation of a Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Based on Swine Monoclonal Antibodies for Detecting Neutralizing Antibodies against Senecavirus A
Authors: Ma Xueqing , Huang Jiaxin , Li Kun , Ding Kailu , Fu Yuanfang , Zhang Jing , Zhao Zhixun , Li Pinghua , Bai Xingwen , Li Dong , Liu Xia , Zeng Qiaoying , Liu Zaixin , Sun Pu , Lu Zengjun
Published: April 2023

Senecavirus A (SVA) is an emerging picornavirus related to vesicular disease and neonatal mortality in swine, which results in enormous economic losses worldwide. Additionally, the clinical characteristics of the disease are indistinguishable from those of other vesicular diseases, such as foot-and-mouth disease.
A 4-Hydroxybenzoic Acid-Mediated Signaling System Controls the Physiology and Virulence of Shigella sonnei
Authors: Wang Mingfang , Zeng Jia , Zhu Yu , Chen Xiayu , Guo Quan , Tan Huihui , Cui Binbin , Song Shihao , Deng Yinyue
Published: April 2023

Shigella sonnei
is an important pathogen in human intestines. Following previous findings that some bacteria employ 4-HBA as a QS signal to regulate biological functions, we demonstrate that 4-HBA controls the physiology and virulence of
S. sonnei
.
Persistence of Pneumococcal Carriage among Older Adults in the Community despite COVID-19 Mitigation Measures
Authors: Wyllie Anne L. , Mbodj Sidiya , Thammavongsa Darani A. , Hislop Maikel S. , Yolda-Carr Devyn , Waghela Pari , Nakahata Maura , Stahlfeld Anne E. , Vega Noel J. , York Anna , Allicock Orchid M. , Wilkins Geisa , Ouyang Andrea , Siqueiros Laura , Strong Yvette , Anastasio Kelly , Alexander-Parrish Ronika , Arguedas Adriano , Gessner Bradford D. , Weinberger Daniel M.
Published: April 2023

Carriage of
Streptococcus pneumoniae
(pneumococcus) in the upper respiratory tract is considered a prerequisite to invasive pneumococcal disease. During the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, markedly lower rates of invasive pneumococcal disease were reported worldwide.
Coulomb Correlations and Electronic Structure of CuCo2S4: a DFT + DMFT Study
Authors: Skornyakov S. L. , Trifonov I. O. , Anisimov V. I.
Published: April 2023

By employing a combined method of density functional theory and dynamical mean-field theory (DFT + DMFT) we study the spectral properties and local moment formation in the normal state of a Co-based superconductor CuCo2S4. The obtained quasiparticle mass enhancement $$m{\text{*/}}m \sim 1.2$$ is smaller than that in iron-based parent compounds indicating weak correlations in the Co $$3d$$ states. We show that the mass enhancement is accompanied by an insignificant renormalization and shift of the bands in the vicinity of the Fermi level. This subtle modification is sufficient to induce a substantial transformation of one of the Fermi surface sheets and occurs due to the presence of shallow Fermi surface pockets in the electronic structure of CuCo2S4. The calculated local and fluctuating moments are smaller than those in iron-based superconductors questioning the importance of spin fluctuations for understanding the pairing mechanism of CuCo2S4.
Finnish emergency medical services managers’ and medical directors’ perceptions of collaborating with patients concerning patient safety issues: a qualitative study
Authors: Venesoja Anu , Tella Susanna , Castrén Maaret , Lindström Veronica
Published: April 2023

Objectives

This study aimed to describe emergency medical services (EMS) managers’ and medical directors’ perceptions of collaborating with patients concerning patient safety issues in the EMS.

Design

The study used a descriptive qualitative approach. Five focus groups and two individuals were interviewed using a semi-structured guide with open-ended questions. The data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Consolidated criteria for Reporting Qualitative research was used to guide the reporting of this study.

Setting

EMS organisations from Finland’s five healthcare districts.

Participants

EMS medical directors (n=5) and EMS managers (n=14). Purposive sampling was used.

Results

Two main themes, ‘Patient safety considered an organisational responsibility’ and ‘EMS patients’ opportunities and obstacles to speaking up’, were generated from the data. Under the main theme, ‘Patient safety considered an organisational responsibility’, were three subthemes: patient safety considered part of the quality in EMS, system-level models for handling and observing patient safety in EMS, and management’s ability to find a balance when using patients’ feedback for patient safety development. Under the other main theme were four subthemes: ‘social and feedback skills of EMS personnel and management’, ‘managements’ assumptions of patients’ reasons for not speaking up’, ‘EMS organisations’ different but unsystematic ways of collecting feedback’ and ‘management’s openness to develop patient participation’.

Conclusions

The nature of the EMS organisations and EMS assignments could affect a patient’s participation in developing patient safety in EMS. However, EMS managers and medical directors are receptive to collaborating with patients concerning patient safety issues if they have sufficient resources and a coherent way to collect patient safety concerns. The management is open to collaborating with patients, but there is a need to develop a systematic method with enough resources to facilitate the management’s collaborating with patients.
Effectiveness of quality improvement collaboratives in UK surgical settings and barriers and facilitators influencing their implementation: a systematic review and evidence synthesis
Authors: Atkins Eleanor , Birmpili Panagiota , Glidewell Liz , Li Qiuju , Johal Amundeep S , Waton Sam , Boyle Jon R , Pherwani Arun D , Chetter Ian , Cromwell David A
Published: April 2023

Background

High-quality surgical care is vital to deliver the excellent outcomes patients deserve following surgical treatment. Quality improvement collaboratives (QICs) are based on a multicentre model for improving healthcare. They are increasingly used but their effectiveness in the context of surgical services is unclear. This review assessed effectiveness of QICs in National Health Service (NHS) surgical settings, and identified factors that influenced implementation.

Methods

A systematic search of MEDLINE and EMBASE, as well as grey literature, was conducted in January 2022 to identify evaluations of QICs in NHS surgical settings. Data were extracted on the intervention, setting, study results and factors that were identified as facilitators or barriers. These were coded using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). The quality of study reports was assessed using Quality Improvement Minimum Criteria Set.

Results

Fifteen reports on 10 QICs met inclusion criteria. The evaluations used study designs of different strength, with one using a stepped-wedge randomised controlled trial (RCT). Eight studies reported the QIC had been successful in achieving their principal aims, which covered a mix of patient outcomes and process indicators. The study based on the RCT found the QIC was not successful (no improvement in patient outcomes). Each article reported a range of facilitators and barriers to effectiveness of implementation of the QIC, which were spread across the CFIR domains (intervention, outer setting, inner setting, individuals and process). There were few barriers reported in the intervention domain that related to the QIC. There was no clear relationship between numbers of facilitators and barriers reported and effectiveness.

Conclusions

Studies have reported QICs to be effective in increasingly complex contexts, but their results must be treated with caution. The evaluations often used weak study designs and the quality of reports was variable. Evaluation with strong study design should be integral to future QICs.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42022324970.
Qualitative stability analysis of cosmological parameters in f(T, B) gravity
Authors: Samaddar Amit , Singh S. Surendra
Published: April 2023

We analyze the cosmological solutions of f(T, B) gravity using dynamical system analysis where T is the torsion scalar and B be the boundary term scalar. In our work, we assume three specific cosmological models. For first model, we consider $$ f(T,B)=f_{0}(B^{k}+T^{m})$$

f

(
T
,
B
)

=

f
0

(

B
k

+

T
m

)

, where k and m are constants. For second model, we consider $$f(T,B)=f_{0}T B$$

f

(
T
,
B
)

=

f
0

T
B

, for third model, we consider $$f(T,B)=\alpha T^{2}$$

f

(
T
,
B
)

=
α

T
2

. We generate an autonomous system of differential equations for each models by introducing new dimensionless variables. To solve this system of equations, we use dynamical system analysis. We also investigate the critical points and their natures, stability conditions and their behaviors of Universe expansion. For first and second models, we get two stable critical points, while for third model we get one stable critical point. The phase plots of this system are analyzed in detail and study their geometrical interpretations also. For these three models, we evaluated density parameters such as $$\Omega _{r}$$

Ω
r

, $$\Omega _{m}$$

Ω
m

, $$\Omega _{\Lambda }$$

Ω
Λ

and $$\omega _{eff}$$

ω

eff

and deceleration parameter (q) and find their suitable range of the parameter $$\lambda $$
λ
for stability. For first model, we get $$\omega _{eff}=-0.833,-0.166$$

ω

eff

=
-
0.833
,
-
0.166

and for second model, we get $$\omega _{eff}=-\frac{1}{3}$$

ω

eff

=
-

1
3

. This shows that both the models are in quintessence phase. For third model we get accelerated expansion of the Universe. Further, we compare the values of EoS parameter and deceleration parameter with the observational values.
Baicalin Ameliorates Lung Injury in Rats by Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation via NF-κB Signaling Pathway
Authors: Yang Xingguan , Han Jiahui , Huan Zhirong , Xu Ce , Wang Qiubo , Ge Xin
Published: April 2023

Hemorrhagic shock (HS) is defined as a reduction in tissue oxygenation and organ dysfunction due to severe blood loss. Lung injury is a frequent complication of HS. Baicalin, isolated from Radix Scutellariae, has been reported to profile the antitumor, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial roles in various pathological processes. Nevertheless, the effects of baicalin on HS-induced lung injury are unclear. This study aims to examine the therapeutic effects of baicalin on lung injury. We first established the lung injury rat models by withdrawing blood in the femoral artery followed by resuscitation. A pathological analysis showed that HS-administrated rats presented severe capillary leakage and pulmonary edema, while baicalin therapy alleviated the symptoms. Baicalin therapy reduced the number of macrophages and neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and decreased the expression and activity of myeloperoxidase (neutrophile infiltration marker) in the lung tissues of HS rats, indicating that baicalin alleviated HS-induced infiltration of inflammatory cells. The secretion of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1[Formula: see text], IL-6, IL-18, and tumor necrosis factor [Formula: see text] (TNF-[Formula: see text]), as well as the activation of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, were inhibited by baicalin administration. Furthermore, we found that the NF-[Formula: see text]B pathway, a canonical pro-inflammatory pathway, was also blocked after treatment with baicalin in HS-evoked rats, as indicated by the decreased expression of p65 and p65 phosphorylation in the lung tissues. In summary, we infer that baicalin may exert a protective role in HS-induced lung injury by suppressing the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome via the NF-[Formula: see text]B pathway.
Gas sensor based on graphene sheet derivatives decorated by Ni and As atoms
Authors: Al-Jobory Alaa A. , Alotaibi Turki , Ismael Ali K.
Published: April 2023

Studying toxic gases is more important because it is related to the health of humans. Therefore, it is appropriate to make some theoretical calculations to cover this topic. This study selectivity tunes the graphene derivatives’ ability to sense the most common gases in the atmosphere such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and oxygen. This involves a pristine and doped Gr-sheets complex with three gases. Density Functional Theory (DFT) was employed to investigate the electronic structures of 12 graphene-based sheets. The bandgap simulations demonstrate the effect of doping and complexing graphene sheets with different segments, that result in a sensing signature. The bandgap calculations also prove that the studied graphene derivatives selectively bind to different gases and this characteristic is in good agreement with the total energy calculations. Our results show that the electrical properties of graphene are improved with doping by Ni and As.
Exact Learning of Qualitative Constraint Networks from Membership Queries
Authors: Mouhoub Malek , Al Marri Hamad , Alanazi Eisa
Published: April 2023

A Qualitative Constraint Network (QCN) is a constraint graph representing problems under qualitative temporal or spatial relations. More formally, a QCN includes a set of entities and a list of qualitative constraints defining the possible scenarios between these entities. Qualitative constraints are expressed as disjunctions of binary relations capturing the (incomplete) knowledge between the involved entities. QCNs effectively represent various real-world applications, including scheduling and planning, configuration, and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). It is, however, challenging to elicit, from the user, the QCN representing a given problem. To overcome this difficulty in practice, we propose a new algorithm for learning, through membership queries, a QCN from a non-expert. Membership queries are asked to elicit temporal or spatial relationships between pairs of temporal or spatial entities. To improve the time performance of our learning algorithm, constraint propagation and ordering heuristics are enforced. The goal is to reduce the number of membership queries needed to reach the target QCN. We conducted several experiments on randomly generated temporal and spatial QCN instances to assess the practical effect of constraint propagation and ordering heuristics. The results of the experiments are encouraging and promising.
Mutation-Based Minimal Test Suite Generation for Boolean Expressions
Authors: Ayav Tolga , Belli Fevzi
Published: April 2023

Boolean expressions are highly involved in control flows of programs and software specifications. Coverage criteria for Boolean expressions aim at producing minimal test suites to detect software faults. There exist various testing criteria, efficiency of which is usually evaluated through mutation analysis. This paper proposes an integer programming-based minimal test suite generation technique relying on mutation analysis. The proposed technique also takes into account the cost of fault detection. The technique is optimal such that the resulting test suite guarantees to detect all the mutants under given fault assumptions, while maximizing the average percentage of fault detection of a test suite. Therefore, the approach presented can also be considered as a reference method to check the efficiency of any common technique. The method is evaluated using four well-known real benchmark sets of Boolean expressions and is also exemplary compared with MCDC criterion. The results show that the test suites generated by the proposed method provide better fault coverage values and faster fault detection.
Modified general relativity and dark matter
Authors: Nash Gary
Published: April 2023

Modified General Relativity (MGR) is the natural extension of General Relativity (GR). MGR explicitly uses the smooth regular line element vector field [Formula: see text], which exists in all Lorentzian spacetimes, to construct a connection-independent symmetric tensor that represents the energy–momentum of the gravitational field. It solves the problem of the nonlocalization of gravitational energy–momentum in GR, preserves the ontology of the Einstein equation, and maintains the equivalence principle. The line element field provides MGR with the extra freedom required to describe dark energy and dark matter. An extended Schwarzschild solution for the matter-free Einstein equation of MGR is developed, from which the Tully–Fisher relation is derived, and the gravitational energy density is calculated. The mass of the invisible matter halo of galaxy NGC 3198 calculated with MGR is identical to the result obtained from GR using a dark matter profile. Although dark matter in MGR is described geometrically, it has an equivalent representation as a particle with the property of a vector boson or a pair of fermions; the geometry of spacetime and the quantum nature of matter are linked together by the unit line element covectors that belong to both the Lorentzian metric and the spin-1 Klein–Gordon wave equation. The three classic tests of GR provide a comparison of the theories in the solar system and several parts of the cosmos. MGR provides the flexibility to describe inflation after the Big Bang and galactic anisotropies.
Influence of the Relationship Between Excitation Frequency and Natural Frequency on Formulating Structural Random Displacement Response
Authors: Yang Qingshan , Huang Shuai , Zhao Ling , Guo Kunpeng
Published: April 2023

Seismic action and wind excitation are the main sources of excitation to civil engineering structures. The analytical structural responses are similar for both cases, but the simplified formula in design codes on the displacement response under these excitations is quite different. This paper re-visits this difference from under stationary random excitation. The power spectrum density function of the above excitations contains several parameters which define the excitations in frequency domain. The simplified formulas of the displacement variance under different excitations are derived by adjusting these parameters. The responses from these formulas always include the resonance component of the response, whereas the presence of the background component depends on the ratio between the predominant frequency of excitation and the natural frequency of the structure. The influence of this ratio on the displacement covariance and the modal combination rules is then further discussed.
IDA-Based Collapse Safety Assessment of Torsional-Irregular Buildings, Considering Ductility and Damage
Authors: Yaghoubi Ehsan , Emami Ali R. , Birzhandi Mohammad S.
Published: April 2023

The complexity in nonlinear behavior of torsional-irregular buildings in combination with uncertainty due to the natural randomness of earthquake records has been always a main challenge for buildings’ seismic design. To find a solution to this challenge, three reinforced concrete (RC) building archetypes were designed and next developed into their nonlinear models. Nonlinear static (pushover) analyses were performed to calculate the capacity of the archetype models in all principal and non-principal directions while incremental dynamic analyses (IDAs) were conducted by applying 30 accelerograms from both near-field and far-field earthquakes. The IDA capacity curves, collapse fragility curves and log-normal cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) were established by including both the aleatory randomness and epistemic uncertainty. Despite previous studies wherein fragility curves were given by evaluating structures’ collapse along structural reference axes or simply on [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]-axes, in this paper, possible building collapse on a critical non-principal direction (where maximum seismic response was observed) was simulated and its probability was accounted for developing IDA curves and log-normal CDFs. Accordingly, this issue was mirrored in computing available/acceptable collapse margin ratios (CMRs). In addition to the well-known outline used for calculating CMRs in the literature (that is based on estimation of collapse capacity in terms of earthquake intensity measure (IM)), the framework proposed here includes a new method for calculating the CMRs in terms of displacement-based drift, ductility, and damage. The superiority of the proposed method over the former is consistent with the buildings’ design procedure that is governed by storey drift control rather than base-shear strength. Refined statistics of CMRs given by taking into account displacement-based responses illustrate the available CMRs exceed the acceptable CMRs, meaning that a satisfactory safety margin against collapse will be anticipated in the targeted building class if a suitable yielding mechanism with sufficient ductility is provided for seismic force-resisting system by applying seismic design provisions of the current codes.
Supernilpotent groups and 3-supernilpotent loops
Authors: Stanovský David , Vojtěchovský Petr
Published: April 2023

We find a short equational basis for the variety of [Formula: see text]-supernilpotent loops. We also present a conceptually simple proof that [Formula: see text]-nilpotence and [Formula: see text]-supernilpotence are equivalent for groups. Connections between [Formula: see text]-supernilpotent loops, Moufang loops, code loops, automorphic loops and AIM loops are explored.
When nilpotent elements generate nilpotent ideals
Authors: Nielsen Pace P. , Szabo Steve
Published: April 2023

We study the natural class of rings where each nilpotent element generates a nilpotent ideal, calling them the strongly 2-primal rings. We derive many basic properties of these rings, analyze their behavior under standard ring constructions and extensions, and taxonomize their relationship to other natural generalizations of commutativity. A slightly stronger condition is to assume that any nilpotent element generates a nilpotent ideal of the same index of nilpotence. We find that the difference between these two properties explains divergent behaviors in direct products, polynomial rings, Morita contexts, and other constructions.
On the structure of ideals in a family of skew polynomial rings
Authors: Shahoseini Ehsan , Dastbasteh Reza , Dinh Hai Q. , Mousavi Hamed
Published: April 2023

In this paper, we study the structure of the skew polynomial ring [Formula: see text] and its quotient ring [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is an odd prime number, [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]. We give an explicit structure of the ideals in [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] and propose an algorithm to characterize them. We identify the structure of prime, maximal, and primary ideals in these rings. In particular, we prove that this group ring is not Laskerian.
Persistent Topological Laplacian Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Variants
Authors: Wei Xiaoqi , Chen Jiahui , Wei Guo-Wei
Published: April 2023

Topological data analysis (TDA) is an emerging field in mathematics and data science. Its central technique, persistent homology, has had tremendous success in many science and engineering disciplines. However, persistent homology has limitations, including its inability to handle heterogeneous information, such as multiple types of geometric objects; being qualitative rather than quantitative, e.g., counting a 5-member ring the same as a 6-member ring, and a failure to describe nontopological changes, such as homotopic changes in protein–protein binding. Persistent topological Laplacians (PTLs), such as persistent Laplacian and persistent sheaf Laplacian, were proposed to overcome the limitations of persistent homology. In this work, we examine the modeling and analysis power of PTLs in the study of the protein structures of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike receptor binding domain (RBD). First, we employ PTLs to study how the RBD mutation-induced structural changes of RBD-angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) binding complexes are captured in the changes of spectra of the PTLs among SARS-CoV-2 variants. Additionally, we use PTLs to analyze the binding of RBD and ACE2-induced structural changes of various SARS-CoV-2 variants. Finally, we explore the impacts of computationally generated RBD structures on a topological deep learning paradigm and predictions of deep mutational scanning datasets for the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 variant. Our results indicate that PTLs have advantages over persistent homology in analyzing protein structural changes and provide a powerful new TDA tool for data science.
Ensemble Classifier for Hindi Hostile Content Detection
Authors: Chakraborty Angana , Joardar Subhankar , Sekh Arif Ahmed
Published: April 2023

Detection of hostile content from social media posts (Facebook, Twitter, etc.) is a demanding task in the field of Natural Language Processing. The increase of hostile content in different electronic media has opened up new challenges in language understanding. It becomes more difficult in regional languages. AI-based solutions are required to identify hostile content on a large scale. Although a satisfactory amount of research has been carried out in the English language, finding hostile content in regional languages is still under development due to the unavailability of suitable datasets and tools. In terms of the number of speakers, Hindi ranks third in the world and first on the Indian subcontinent. The objective of this article is to design a hostile content detection system in Hindi using coarse-grained (binary) classification and fine-grained (multi-class, multi-label) classification. We note that different baseline learning methods with different pre-trained language models perform differently. Using the Constraint 2021 Hindi Dataset, this research proposes a Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers–(BERT) based contextual embedding technique with a concatenation of emoji2vec embeddings to classify social media posts in Hindi Devanagari script as hostile or non-hostile. Additionally, for the fine-grained tasks where hostile posts are sub-categorized as defamation, fake, hate, and offensive, we develop an ensemble classifier varying different learning methods and embedding models. With an F1-Score of 0.9721, it is found that our proposed Indic-BERT+emoji model outperforms the baseline model and other existing models for the coarse-grained task. We have also observed that our proposed ensemble method provides better results than the existing models and the baseline model for the fine-grained tasks with F1-Scores of 0.43, 0.82, 0.58, and 0.62 for the defamation, fake, hate, and offensive classes, respectively. The code and the data are available at
https://github.com/skarifahmed/hostile
.
Optical, Photocurrent, Electrical, Structural, and Morphological Properties of Magnetron Sputtered Pure and Iron-Doped Zinc Oxide Thin Films
Authors: Mahroug Abdelhafid , Mahroug Ibrahim , Berra Sarra , Hamrit Samir , Guelil Abdelhamid , Zoukel Abdelhalim , Ullah Shafi
Published: April 2023

Due to its excellent physical and chemical properties, transition metal-doped zinc oxide has potential applications in different fields. In this research paper, pure and iron-doped ZnO films were deposited by thermal oxidation of sputtered metallic zinc and iron. The effect of iron (Fe) doping on the optical, morphology, structural, electrical, and photocurrent properties of zinc oxide films was examined. The X-ray diffraction analysis shows a wurtzite structure with preferential orientation for all films, where the high texture coefficient values (above 3) corresponded to the (002) plane. Fe doping reduced the crystallite size from 12.3 to 8.7 nm and lattice constants c and a values from 5.19 to 5.155 Å and from 3.236 to 3.203 Å respectively. The different calculated structure parameters, confirm the incorporation of Fe (Fe3+) in the ZnO lattice. The surface morphology of thin films measured using atomic force microscopy revealed that the Fe doping could markedly decrease the grains size from 248 to 54 nm and the Root–Mean–Square roughness of films from 5.27 to 4.22 nm. For all films, the transmittance analysis shows a transmittance above 90% in the visible region and with an increase in the Fe concentration, the transmittance, and the absorption in the ultraviolet region were increased. The gap energy of ZnO strongly increased from 3.26 to 3.51 eV with doping. The effect of Fe doping on different optical parameters was discussed in detail. The photoluminescence analysis of pure and doped ZnO exhibits one ultraviolet emission (384 nm) and green emission. Compared to pure ZnO, the ultraviolet peak intensity decreased as Fe content increased. The electrical resistivity was decreased and the photocurrent properties of ZnO were enhanced by Fe doping. In this report, Fe-doped ZnO films exhibited remarkable properties. Therefore such films can be usefully used in different device applications.
Bicarbonate is the primary inducer of KCC3a expression in renal cortical B-type intercalated cells
Authors: Ferdaus Mohammed Z. , Terker Andrew S. , Koumangoye Rainelli , Wall Susan M. , Delpire Eric
Published: April 2023

KCC3a expression is stimulated in alkalemia. This paper shows that bicarbonate itself is mediating this effect through a posttranscriptional mechanism. The paper also shows that this phenomenon is not mediated by aldosterone or angiotensin II.
Efficacy and Safety of an Ophthalmic DMPC‐Based Nanoemulsion in Patients with Dry Eye Disease: A Phase I/II Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Baiza-Durán Leopoldo M. , Muñoz-Villegas Patricia , Sánchez-Ríos Alejandra , Olvera-Montaño Oscar
Published: April 2023

Purpose. The goals of this study were to evaluate the safety and efficacy of an ophthalmic 1,2‐dimyristoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine (DMPC)‐based nanoemulsion (Nanodrop®) in patients with dry eye disease (DED). Methods. This was a randomized phase I/II multicentric, prospective, double‐blind clinical trial. Patients (phase I: n = 25 and phase II: n = 101) were assigned to receive either PRO‐176 (Nanodrop®) or Systane Balance® (control) for 29 days. Once the visits of the first 25 subjects were completed, if there were less than 20% of unexpected adverse events (AEs), related to PRO‐176, recruitment was continued until the sample was completed for noninferiority (efficacy) analysis (phase II, n = 126). Efficacy endpoints were the ocular surface disease index (OSDI), tear break‐up time (TBUT), epithelial defects, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and the incidence of expected AE. Results. For the phase I portion of the study, there were no differences between groups regarding the incidence of AE. All related‐AE symptoms in both groups were mild and expected. For the phase II subset, there was a significant reduction in OSDI scores at day 29 and noninferiority between treatments was confirmed (p = 0.650, CI 95% [−8.7, 5.5]). Similar improvement was observed for TBUT although no significant intergroup differences were found (p = 0.518, CI 95% [−0.08, 1.6]). There were no significant differences between treatments for epithelial staining or safety parameters. Conclusions. Topical application of PRO‐176 is as safe and effective as the controls. Both groups were clinically similar in terms of efficacy and safety. The results support the hypothesis that ophthalmic DMPC‐based nanoemulsion may improve clinical parameters and symptoms in patients with DED. This trial is registered with NCT04111965.
A Fast Matrix Completion Method Based on Matrix Bifactorization and QR Decomposition
Authors: Liu Qing , Peng Chen , Yang Pei , Zhou Xiancun , Liu Zhengyu
Published: April 2023

The problem of recovering the missing values in an incomplete matrix, i.e., matrix completion, has attracted a great deal of interests in the fields of machine learning and signal processing. A matrix bifactorization method, which is abbreviated as MBF, is a fast method of matrix completion that has a better speed than the traditional nuclear norm minimization methods. However, it may become inaccurate and slow when solving matrices of not low rank. In this paper, an improved fast and accurate MBF method based on Qatar Riyal (QR) decomposition is proposed, which can be called FMBF-QR. On one side, the optimization problem of MBF is improved to be an iteratively reweighted

L

2
,
1

norm minimization problem to enhance the accuracy of MBF. On the other side, the minimization problem of FMBF-QR is optimized very efficiently by using QR decomposition for improving the speed of MBF. Sufficient experimental results verify that FMBF-QR can converge with a higher accuracy and a faster speed than the traditional matrix completion methods.
Bioinorganic Nanoparticles for the Remediation of Environmental Pollution: Critical Appraisal and Potential Avenues
Authors: Rahman Md. Mominur , Ahmed Limon , Anika Fazilatunnesa , Riya Anha Akter , Kali Sumaiya Khatun , Rauf Abdur , Sharma Rohit
Published: April 2023

Nowadays, environmental pollution has become a critical issue for both developed and developing countries. Because of excessive industrialization, burning of fossil fuels, mining and exploration, extensive agricultural activities, and plastics, the environment is being contaminated rapidly through soil, air, and water. There are a variety of approaches for treating environmental toxins, but each has its own set of restrictions. As a result, various therapies are accessible, and approaches that are effective, long-lasting, less harmful, and have a superior outcome are extensively demanded. Modern research advances focus more on polymer-based nanoparticles, which are frequently used in drug design, drug delivery systems, environmental remediation, power storage, transformations, and other fields. Bioinorganic nanomaterials could be a better candidate to control contaminants in the environment. In this article, we focused on their synthesis, characterization, photocatalytic process, and contributions to environmental remediation against numerous ecological hazards. In this review article, we also tried to explore their recent advancements and futuristic contributions to control and prevent various pollutants in the environment.
[Retracted] Intra‐ and Interrater Agreement of Face Esthetic Analysis in 3D Face Images
Authors: Park Minsoo , Mai Hang-Nga , Mai Mai Yen , Win Thaw Thaw , Lee Du-Hyeong , Lee Cheong-Hee
Published: April 2023

The use of three‐dimensional (3D) facial scans for facial analysis is increasing in maxillofacial treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the consistency of two‐dimensional (2D) and 3D facial analyses performed by multiple raters. Six men and four women (25–36‐year‐old) participated in this study. The 2D images of the smiling and resting faces in the frontal and sagittal planes were obtained. The 3D facial and intraoral scans were merged to generate virtual 3D faces. Ten clinicians performed facial analyses by investigating 14 indices of 2D and 3D faces. Intra‐ and interrater agreements of the results of 2D and 3D facial analyses within and among the participants were evaluated. The intrarater agreement between the 2D and 3D facial analyses varied according to the indices. The highest and lowest agreements were found for the dental crowding index (0.94) and smile line curvature index (0.56) in the frontal plane, and Angle’s classification (canine) index (0.98) and occlusal plane angle index (0.55) in the profile plane. In the frontal plane, the interrater agreements were generally higher for the 3D images than for the 2D images, while in the profile plane, the interrater agreements were high in the Angle’s classification (canine) index however low in the other indices. Several occlusion‐related indices were missing in the 2D images because the posterior teeth were not observed. Esthetic analysis results between 2D and 3D face images can differ according to the evaluation indices. The use of 3D faces is recommended over 2D images to increase the reliability of facial analyses, as it can fully assess both esthetic and occlusion‐related indices.
Modeling Autonomous Vehicles’ Altruistic Behavior to Human-Driven Vehicles in the Car following Events and Impact Analysis
Authors: Tang Wenyun , Xu Le , Ma Jianxiao
Published: April 2023

To explore the impact of autonomous vehicles (AVs) on human-driven vehicles (HDVs), a solution for AV to coexist harmoniously with HDV during the car following period when AVs are in low market penetration rate (MPR) was provided. An extension car following framework with two possible soft optimization targets was proposed in this article to improve the experience of HDV followers with different following strategies by deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) algorithm. The pretreated Next Generation Simulation (NGSIM) dataset was used for the experiments. 1027 car following events with being redefined were extracted from it, in which 600 of the events were used for training and 427 of the events were used for testing. The different driving strategies obtained from the classical car following models were embedded into virtual environment built by OpenAI gym. The reward function combined safety, efficiency, jerk, and stability was used to encourage the agent with DDPG algorithm to maximize it. The final result reveals that disturbance of HDV followers decreases by 2.362% (strategy a), 8.184% (strategy b), and 13.904% (strategy c), respectively. The disturbance of HDV follower decreases by 14.961% (strategy a), 12.020% (strategy b), and 13.425% (strategy c), respectively. HDV followers with different strategies get less jerk in both soft optimizations. AV passengers get a loss on jerk and efficiency, but safety is enhanced. Also, AV car following performs better than HDV car following in both soft and brutal optimizations. Moreover, two possible solutions for harmonious coexistence of HDVs and AVs when AVs are in low MPR are proposed.
The Use of Cytotoxic Drugs as First Line Chemotherapy for EGFR (+) Nonsquamous NSCLC: A Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Li Duo , Li Meng , Li Hong , Shi Puyu , Chen Mingwei , Yang Tian
Published: April 2023

Objective. To assess the use of cytotoxic drugs as first-line chemotherapy for nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with EGFR mutation. Method. This study uses the network meta-analysis (NMA) method, with the inclusion of prospective randomized control studies related to the treatment of EGFR-positive nonsquamous NSCLC, to compare the efficacy of various EGFR-TKIs. As of September 4, 2022, 16 studies on a total of 4180 patients were included. The retrieved literature was comprehensively evaluated as per the established inclusion and exclusion criteria, and valid data were extracted and included for analysis. Results. The 6 treatment regimens included cetuximab, CTX (cyclophosphamide), icotinib, gefitinib, afatinib, and erlotinib. All of the 16 studies reported their findings about overall survival (OS), and 15 of them also reported findings about progression-free survival (PFS). The NMA results showed that there was no significant difference in OS among the 6 treatment regimens. It was observed that erlotinib had the highest likelihood of obtaining the best OS, followed by afatinib, gefitinib, icotinib, CTX, and cetuximab, in descending order. This indicates that the highest possibility of achieving the best OS was with erlotinib, while the lowest was with cetuximab. The NMA results also showed that the PFS achieved with treatment using afatinib, erlotinib, and gefitinib were all higher than that with treatment using CTX, with statistically significant differences. The results showed that there was no significant difference in PFS among erlotinib, gefitinib, afatinib, cetuximab, and icotinib. CTX, cetuximab, icotinib, gefitinib, afatinib, and erlotinib were ranked in descending order based on the PFS indicator SUCRA values, which implied that erlotinib had the highest possibility in achieving the best PFS, while CTX had the lowest. Discussion. EGFR-TKIs must be carefully selected for the treatment of different histologic subtypes of NSCLC. For EGFR mutation (+) nonsquamous NSCLC, erlotinib is most likely to achieve the best OS and PFS, which makes it the first choice in the formulation of a treatment plan.