bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trajektorien der Sorge
Authors: Schnieder Laura
Published: October 2020

Trotz der zentralen Bedeutung von Versuchspersonen für die klinische Forschung bleiben diese für die späteren KonsumentInnen, etwa von Kopfschmerztabletten, Antidepressiva oder von Tumortherapien, häufig unsichtbar. Auch in den Sozialwissenschaften finden sich bis heute nur einige wenige konzeptuelle Beiträge zu dieser Figur.

Das vorliegende Buch widmet sich anhand des empirischen Beispiels der Psoriasis-Forschung in Deutschland der Frage, wer oder was heute auf dem Spiel steht, wenn Menschen zu Versuchspersonen in der biomedizinischen Forschung werden. Auf der Grundlage qualitativer Interviews mit PatientInnen und ForscherInnen lässt sich im Studien-Setting eine Gleichzeitigkeit der Abwesenheit von Beziehungen zwischen PatientInnen einerseits und der Anwesenheit von Infrastrukturen der Sorge sowie intensiver Beziehungsarbeit andererseits herausarbeiten. Geteilte Care-Arbeit gerät dabei zur notwendigen Bedingung für die Hervorbringung generalisierbaren Wissens.

Ein der feministischen Wissenschafts- und Technikforschung entlehnter Begriff von Care und Care-Arbeit dient vor dem Hintergrund dieser Erkenntnisse als theoretische Klammer, die es erlaubt, die Vielgestaltigkeit der Figur Versuchsperson sichtbar zu machen.
Agent Based Load Balancing in Grid Computing
Authors: Ali Wided , Bouakkaz Fatima
Published: October 2020

Load-Balancing is an important problem in distributed heterogeneous systems. In this paper, an Agent-based load-balancing model is developed for implementation in a grid environment. Load balancing is realized via migration of worker agents from overloaded resources to underloaded ones. The proposed model purposes to take benefit of the multi-agent system characteristics to create an autonomous system. The Agent-based load balancing model is implemented using JADE (Java Agent Development Framework) and Alea 2 as a grid simulator. The use of MAS is discussed, concerning the solutions adopted for gathering information policy, location policy, selection policy, worker agents migration, and load balancing.
Er regnemodellerne for rationelle?
Authors: Kvist Jon , Smith Nina
Published: October 2020

Artiklen diskuterer fordele og ulemper ved at inddrage adfærdsøkonomiske effekter i de regnemodeller, som benyttes af bl.a. Finansministeriet. Artiklen bruger den seneste reform af dagpengesystemet fra 2015 som case. Artiklen konkluderer, at selvom der er vanskeligheder ved at fastlægge den præcise størrelsesorden af potentielle adfærdsøkonomiske effekter, bør de medregnes i fremtidens regnemodeller. De usikkerheder, der knytter sig til størrelsen af de adfærdsøkonomiske effekter, bør ligesom usikkerhederne på mange andre økonomiske parametre håndteres ved følsomhedsberegninger, der giver et reelt billede af usikkerheden på skønnene.
Parametric model of the structure of the second molar of a human lower jaw
Authors: Yanishevskaya Anna Genrikhovna , Golikova Zhanna Vladimirovna , Pritykin Fedor Nikolaevich , Khomchenko Vasilii Gerasimovich
Published: October 2020

In this paper the design of a parametric tooth model is considered, with the help of which it is possible to study the development of dental pathology. This model allows you to create a tooth prosthesis, with minimal intervention of the dentist, by creating a three-dimensional image of the studied tooth, close in architecture to the real one. Particular attention is paid to the study of the geometry of the tooth - the second molar. Based on the analysis of the presented initial data, additional characteristics were introduced, due to which the geometry of the surface areas of the tooth model is calculated. The article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of visualization methods used in this area to solve problems associated with the analysis of complex and heterogeneous information, and also presents conclusions on practical and scientific results. A parametric model of a tooth was built, which describes its geometry in comparative detail. The main necessary parameters and their limitations are determined. The obtained calculations of the geometric shape of the tooth can be used to study and analyze the biomechanics of teeth, the principles of differential diagnosis of pain, planning future iatrogenic intervention, as well as algorithms for the treatment of prosthetic disorders, provides the doctor with all the necessary tools. The constructed crown part of the tooth in the AutoCAD system can be used for teaching dental students. This model can be used for scientific and practical activities of students on the modeling and restoration of dental crowns.
PREPARING FUTURE TEACHERS FOR EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES IN ORGANIZATIONS OF SECONDARY VOCATIONAL EDUCATION: THE CONATIVE-ACTIVITY COMPONENT
Authors:   South Ural State Humanitarian Pedagogical University, Savchenkov A.V. , Uvarina N.V.
Published: October 2020

The problem of preparing future teachers for educational activities in the organizations of secondary vocational education is actualized. It is noted that the fact is conditioned by the increased importance of education in the teaching/learning process, specific cohort of college students, the necessity of forming soft skills by means of educational operations.The views of the Russian and foreign researchers on the problem of training future teachers for educational activities at the organizations of secondary vocational education are analyzed. The content of contative activity component of preparing future teachers for educational activities in the organizations of secondary vocational education is revealed. Keywords: preparation for educational activity, readiness for educational activity, future teacher, conative-activity component, organizations of secondary vocational education.
Systems Dynamics and Activity-Based Modeling to Blueprint Generative Knowledge Management Systems
Authors:   University of Stellenbosch Business School, South Africa, Schmitt U.
Published: October 2020

The predicted embracing of thriving knowledge societies is increasingly compromised by threatening perceptions of information overload and attention poverty, opportunity divides and career uncertainties. By integrating system dynamics, discrete-event, and agent-based modeling, this paper traces the roots of these symptoms back to their causes of information entropy and structural holes, invisible private and undiscoverable public knowledge which together characterize the sad state of our current knowledge management (KM) and creation practices. Looking forward, it proposes a decentralized generative KM approach that prioritizes the capacity development of autonomous individual knowledge workers not at the expense but as a viable means to foster a fruitful co-evolution with traditional organizational KM systems. As part of an ongoing design science research and prototyping project, this systems thinking and hybrid model perspective complements a succession of prior multidisciplinary publications on the subject.
The Development of Intelligent Industry in Romania
Authors:   Faculty of Mechatronics Politehnica University of Bucharest, Valahia University of Targoviste an Titu Maiorescu University, Romania, I. Gheorghe Gheorghe
Published: October 2020

The scientific work deals with Romania's level of readiness for the development of the Intelligent Industry (4.0), in relation to the national, European and international trends, with the identification of the strengths and weaknesses and the steps needed to be taken to reduce the gap compared to the de- veloped countries. The scientific work will focus next on examples of contributions and elaborations of original concepts and constructions of intelligent systems, technological platforms and cobot networks that support the digital enterprise and the Intelligent Industry (4.0) in Romania.
Development of Upper-Limb Assist Suit for Reduction Physical Load in Leaf Photosynthesis Measurement
Authors:   Polytechnic University of Japan, 2-32-1, Ogawa-nishimachi, Kodaira-shi, Tokyo, Japan, Araie Toshitake , Tomozumi Ikeda , Kakimoto Akira ,   Polytechnic University of Japan, 2-32-1, Ogawa-nishimachi, Kodaira-shi, Tokyo, Japan, Adachi Shunsuke
Published: October 2020

Agricultural tasks result in significant strain on the arms, thereby necessitating posture support. One such task is measuring the photosynthetic capacity of individual leaves. This task requires the operator to hold a measuring device for long periods, which is physically demanding. This study aims to develop an assist suit to reduce the physical load involved in photosynthesis measurement work. We used work posture evaluation methods to quantify the workload of this task and identified the parts of the body at high-risk of injury. Then, we designed an assist suit based on the required specifications and verified its effectiveness.
Visual and Hearing Confusion (Dicotomy) in Jacques Ellul and Uncertainty of Language Hearing Axial
Authors: BOZAVLI Ebubekir
Published: October 2020

Dil, insana özgü olağanüstü ve en önemli yeteneklerden biridir. İnsanlar arasında iletişimi sağlamasının yanında dil, bireylerin dünyayı anlamlandırması, kullanıcıları üzerinde bir etki oluşturması ve onlar arasında bir kültürel değer
yaratması vb. gibi bireysel ve toplumsal içermeleri olan bir dinamik yapıdır. Dinamik olması dilin mutlak ve kesin olmayacağına yani onun belirsiz de olabileceğine gönderimde bulunur. Belirsizlik diğer bir ifadeyle muğlaklık, nesnelerin
ve kavramların bir dilsel ilişkide ifade edilmemiş karmaşıklığına işaret eder. Bu araştırma, edebi metinlerde ve sosyal yaşamdaki çeşitli olgularda muğlaklığın izini sürmeyi ve muğlaklığın sosyal ilişkileri nasıl şekillendirdiğini
anlamlandırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemini, seçilmiş edebi metin örnekleri ve sosyal ortamlarda yaşanmış farklı nitelikteki olaylar oluşturmaktadır. Elde edilen veriler, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden betimsel ve
içerik analiziyle çözümlenmiş ve yorumlanmıştır. Dilde muğlaklık, göndergesel ve dilbilgisel düzeyde gerçekleşir. Göndergesel muğlaklık, dilsel göstergenin (signe linguistique) gösterilen (signifié) alanıyla ilişkilidir. Bireyler,
yaşamı süreleri boyunca edindikleri zihinsel tasarımlar aracılığıyla olgu ve olayları anlamlandırırlar. Anlam farklılıklarının olduğu alanlarda belirsizlikler şekillenir. Dilbilgisel muğlaklık ise dilsel bir birimin iki ya da daha
fazla anlam taşımasıdır. Dilbilimsel açıdan belirsizlik, belirsizliğin yapıda ya da sözcük birimde görünmesine bağlı olarak yapısal belirsizlik (structural ambiguity) ya da söz dizimsel belirsizlik (syntactic ambiguity) ve sözlüksel
belirsizlik (lexical ambiguity) olarak ortaya çıkar. Her iki durumda da muğlaklık, iddia edilenin aksine dilin kendi içsel yapısından kaynaklanan bir durum olmayıp doğrudan bireylerin dilsel kullanımları sonucu beliren bir niteliktir.
Psychological Adjustment and Parental Acceptance-Rejection Perceptions across Two Generations
Authors: SARIKARDAŞOĞLU Aslı
Published: October 2020

Araştırmada çocukların genel psikolojik uyumunun yordanmasında anne-babanın psikolojik uyumlarının ve anne-babanın kabul-ret davranışlarının göreceli katkıları iki kuşak çerçevesinde incelenmiştir. Araştırma çerçevesinde 2 temel soruya
cevap aranmaktadır. Bunlardan ilki “Çocukların genel psikolojik uyumunun yordanmasında anne ve babasının psikolojik uyumlarının göreceli katkıları nelerdir?” ve diğeri de “Çocukların genel psikolojik uyumunun yordanmasında anne
ve babanın kabul-ret davranışlarının göreceli katkıları nelerdir?” sorularıdır. Araştırmanın katılımcıları, Eskişehir ilinde yaşayan 54 anne-baba ve 9-17 yaş arası 54 çocuktan oluşmaktadır. Veri toplama araçları olarak Yetişkin
Ebeveyn Kabul-Ret Ölçekleri (EKRÖ), Yetişkin Kişilik Değerlendirme Ölçeği (KİDÖ), Çocuk Ebeveyn Kabul-Ret Ölçekleri (EKRÖ/Ç) ve Çocuk/Ergen Kişilik Değerlendirme Ölçeği (KİDÖ/Ç) kullanılmıştır. Ölçekler zarf içerisinde katılımcılara
teslim edilmiştir. Anneler, babalar ve çocuklar ölçekleri kendileri doldurmuşlar ve zarfları kapalı şekilde araştırmacıya teslim etmişlerdir. Kuşaklar açısından bulunan sonuçlardan en dikkat çekici olanı, çocuğun psikolojik uyumu
ile anne-babasının çocukken ebeveynleriyle ilişkide algılamış oldukları kabul-ret arasında anlamlı bir ilişkinin bulunamayışıdır. Yapılan Aşamalı Regresyon Analizi sonuçlarına göre çocukların genel psikolojik uyumunun anne-babanın
psikolojik uyumu tarafından yordanmasında en güçlü ve anlamlı yordayıcı değişkenler annenin duygusal tutarlılık ve babanın duygusal tepkisizlik boyutları iken, çocukların genel psikolojik uyumunun çocuğun algıladığı ebeveyn kabul-reddi
davranışları tarafından yordanmasında tek yordayıcı değişken annenin saldırganlık boyutudur. Bulgular literatür çerçevesinde Kabul-Red Kuramı ve kuşaklar arası ilişkiler açısından tartışılmıştır.
The German Scholars of Jewish Origins in Turkey (1933-1939)
Authors: OMAR Yousef
Published: October 2020

This research provides an introduction to the conditions of Jews in the Ottoman Empire and after the declaration of the Turkish Republic in 1923 AD. It also discusses their condition in Germany up until the ascendance of the Adolf
Hitler-led Nazi Party in 1933, which enacted many laws that stripped Jewish scholars in Germany of their jobs. These measures against the Jewish scholars in Germany coincided with the University revolution spearheaded by Mustafa
Kemal (Atatürk), which led the Turkish government to invite Jewish Professor Albert Malche to study the educational system in Turkey and prepare a report recommending the necessary changes. According to the Malche report, many
German Jewish scholars immigrated to Turkey. This research also discusses the reasons behind Turkey's use of Jewish scholars, its measures to organize their presence in it, and the message from famous scientist Albert Einstein
to the Prime Minister of Turkey, Mustafa İsmet (İnönü), dated September 17, 1933, imploring him to employ 40 Jewish scholars and doctors. The research also discusses the emergence of anti-Semitism in Turkey, its causes and impact
on the Jewish scholars in Turkey, the position taken by the Turkish government, and Turkish regulations and laws that prohibited Jews from entering and staying in Turkey.
A General Overview of Inventory Notes Prepared in the Context of Intangible Cultural Heritage Convention in Turkey
Authors: SARAL Elif , TUNA Sibel Turhan
Published: October 2020

Somut Olmayan Kültürel Miras Sözleşmesi Birleşmiş Milletler Eğitim, Bilim ve Kültür Örgütü tarafından 2003 yılında ilan edilmiştir. Türkiye SOKÜM Sözleşmesi’ne 2006 yılında dahil olmuştur. SOKÜM Sözleşmesi’nin amacı, içinde bulunduğumuz
çağın getirdiği teknolojik gelişmeler nedeniyle hızla değişen dünya şartları karşısında unutulmaya yüz tutmuş gelenek, görenek ve sözlü anlatımların korunmasını sağlamaktır. Sözleşmeye dahil olan 178 devlet, sözleşmede belirtilen
alanlarda saptadıkları kültürel unsurları Somut Olmayan Kültürel Miras Listeleri’ne ekleyebilmek için raporlar düzenlemektedir. SOKÜM alanında yapılan çalışmalarda özellikle son yıllarda büyük artış olduğu görülmektedir. Türkiye’de
de SOKÜM konusunda çok sayıda rapor oluşturulmakta ve akademik anlamda çalışmalar yapılmaktadır. Bu makalede Türkiye’de SOKÜM alanında hazırlanan envanter çalışmalarının başta SOKÜM olmak üzere, Türk halk bilimi, eğitim gibi sosyal
ve beşeri disiplinlere katkısını ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman inceleme yöntemi kullanılmış olup Türkiye’de SOKÜM bağlamında hazırlanan 30 envanter çalışmasının içeriğine yer verilmiştir.
Devamında SOKÜM bağlamında günümüze kadar hazırlanan bilimsel çalışmalara topluca değinilmiştir. Sonuç olarak da elde edilen bulgular hakkında genel bir değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Buna göre, Türkiye’de yapılan envanterlerin topluca
bir makalede ele alınması başta ilgili konuda çalışma yapan araştırmacıların literatür bölümüne, envanterlerdeki zengin kültürel içeriğinin eğitim alanında ders kitapları metinlerine, Türk halk bilimi alanında metin incelemelerine
ve yeni araştırma soruları, bilimsel proje konuları oluşturulmasına büyük katkılar sağlayacağı sonucuna varılmıştır.
Evaluations on the Scientific Tafseer (Interpretation) Tradition in the Context of the Sociology of Knowledge
Authors: GÜNGÖR Özcan , VARLI Abdussamet
Published: October 2020

Bilgi sosyolojisi bilginin toplumsallığını inşa ederken onun var oluşu ve gerekçesi olarak toplumu işaret eder. Çünkü her hangi bir bilginin alıcısı, üreticisi ve yeniden yorumlayıcısı yoksa o bilginin bir önemi de yoktur. İşte bilginin
bu deverandaki durumu onun toplumsal olanla zorunlu olarak ilişki kurması sonucuna yol açmaktadır. Bu bağlamda Batı tecrübesinin önemli olduğu düşünülmektedir. Aydınlanma ile birlikte daha çok rağbet edilen rasyonalizm, sekülerizm
ve bireysellik bağlamında dini yorum, beklenti ve pratikler de bu süreçlerden hem kurumsal, hem bireysel hem de sembolik manada ciddi düzeylerde etkilenmiştir. Nihayet din, Batıda yaşanan bu tecrübenin sonunda toplumsal belirlenimci
gücünü kaybettiği gibi kendi kurumsal otoritesinin öz-benlik saygısı da işlevsizleştirmeyle karşı karşıya kalmıştır. Aydınlanma ile başlayan din bilim çatışması son asırda zirve yaparak materyalizm yedeğinde adeta dinin dövülmesi
şeklinde cereyan etmiştir. Burada dini temsilin Hristiyan doğma sistemi olduğunu bilmek kaydıyla materyalizmin tüm dinler üzerindeki baskısı ve bunun bilim paradigması içinde pozitivizm ile teyidi bütün dinler üzerinde bilimsel
açıdan bir baskı oluşturmuştur. Yaşanan tarihsel, siyasal ve kültürel değişimin İslam dünyasında yansımaları olmuştur. Bu süreçleri kendi şartları içerisinde yaşasa da İslam tefsir geleneği içerisinde adına bilimsel tefsir denilen
ekolün varlığı geçmişte de bilinmektedir. Konuya ilişkin klasik ve çağdaş çalışmalar karşılaştırıldığında Kur’an’ı anlama ve hayata taşıma gayretinin kimi zaman bilimsel gerçeklerle örtüştürme amacının farklılıklar taşıdığı anlaşılmaktadır.
Bu bağlamda çalışma bilimsel tefsir geleneğini bilgi sosyolojisi bağlamında anlamaya kendisine problem edinmiştir. Amacı ise bilgi sosyolojisi bağlamında bilimsel tefsir geleneğini a) gereklilik olarak bilimsel tefsir, b) maksattan
uzaklaşma olarak bilimsel tefsir, c) örnekleriyle bilimsel tefsir yoluyla anlama, karşılaştırma ve ileri analizlere zemin olacak şekilde ele almaktır.
Nagihan GÜR, Hikâyenin Hikâyesi - Osmanlı’da Bir Kadın Anlatısı - Afîfe Hanım Sergüzeşti, Kitabevi: İstanbul, 2020, ss. 152, ISBN: 978-605-7819-38-3
Authors: OĞUZ Fatma Sabiha KUTLAR
Published: October 2020

Klasik İran edebiyatında mesnevi içinde “gazel” söyleme geleneğinin ilk temsilcisi XI. yüzyıl şairlerinden Ayyûkî’dir. Onun, Varka ve Gülşâh’ına on adet gazel yerleştirmesiyle başlayan gelenek Anadolu sahasında yetişen klasik Türk
edebiyatı şairlerinin bir kısmınca da izlenmiştir. Bu niteliği taşıyan Türkçe ilk mesnevi XIII/XIV. yüzyıl şairlerinden Ahmed Fakîh’in Kitâbu Evsâfı Mesâcidi’ş-şerîfe’sidir. Sonraki yüzyıllarda kaleme alınmış Türkçe mesnevilerin
bir kısmının da aynı özelliği taşıdığı görülmektedir. Konuya bir makale ile dikkati çeken ilk isim Hüseyin Ayan (1974), son çalışmayı kaleme alansa Lokman Turan (2017)’dır. Turan, 2017 yılında yayımladığı kitabında klasik Türk
edebiyatı alanında yetişmiş şairlerden Şeyhî’nin Husrev ü Şîrîn’i, Hamdullah Hamdî’nin Yûsuf u Züleyhâ’sı ve Fuzûlî’nin Leylâ vü Mecnûn’u bağlamında “mesnevilerde gazele yer verme” özelliğini ayrıntılı bir biçimde incelemiştir.
Evaluation of Enzymatic Activity in the Transformation of Nectar into Honey in Indigenous Rockbee, Apis dorsata F.
Authors: Balasubramanyam M. V.
Published: October 2020

Enzymes form integral part and play decisive role in biological Systems and metabolic network. The present studies delve on the role of enzymes viz., invertase, amylase, glucose oxidase and catalase in nectar-honey transformation during May 2019 to April 2020. Data on enzymatic activity in all the five stages  related to honey formation from nectar i.e., floral nectar (fn), honey crop of foragers (hf), honey crop of house bees (hh), unsealed honey cells (uh) and sealed honey cells (sh) was evaluated. Invertase in fn and sh cells was found minimum of 0.00 ml and maximum of 42.40 ml, respectively. Similarly, amylase in the fn was least (0.00 ml) and highest in sh (16.01 ml) and catalase was observed to be 0.001 ml in floral nector and highest in sealed honey cells i.e., 16.01 ml and 4.96 ml,respectively. Accordingly, glucose oxidase in fn and sh cells was minimum of 0.00 ml and maximum of 6.68 ml respectively. Correspondingly, catalase in the fn was least (0.00 ml) and highest in sh (4.96 ml).  The analysis of variance of invertase and amylase was significant at 1 % level (p<0.01), whereas glucose oxidase and catalase Were statistically non-significant at 1 % level (p<0.01). Results have confirmed that the sources of all enzymes are instigated from hypopharyngeal, post-cerebral, thoracic, labial and mandibular glands of foragers and house bees which are accountable for honey formation. Further, each enzyme is substrates specific which are discussed in ensuing paper.
Flow Process Development and Optimization of A Suzuki-Miyaura Cross Coupling Reaction using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Basavaraju Girish , Rajanna Ravishankar
Published: October 2020

A custom-made tubular flow reactor was utilized to develop a mathematical model and optimize the Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling reaction. In this study, the experimentation was designed and executed through the statistical design of experiments (DoE) approach via response surface methodology. The effect of molar ratios of phenylboronic acid (1) and 4-bromophenol (2), temperature, the catalyst tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, and equivalence of aqueous tripotassium phosphate was studied in detail. The flow reactor profile was in good agreement with batch conditions and significant improvements to the overall reaction time and selectivity towards desired [1-1-biphenyl]-4-ol (3) was achieved. The Suzuki coupling reaction in batch condition would take on an average of 4 to 6 hours to complete, which was effectively accomplished in 60 to 70 minutes in this tubular reactor setup and could be operated continuously. The reaction model is in good agreement with the reaction conditions. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Clean 3,4-Dihydropyrimidones Synthesis via Biginelli Reaction over Supported Molybdenum: Structural and Textural Characteristic of αMoO3
Authors: Kheffache Ouzna , Lopez-Olmos Cristina , Rodriguez-Ramos Inmaculada , Cherifi Ouiza
Published: October 2020

A one-pot three-component synthesis of dihydropyrimidinones (DHPMs) via Biginelli reaction was carried out at 100 °C using benzaldehyde, ethyl acetoacetate and urea as reactants, in the presence of ethanol and free solvent, in heterogeneous catalytic medium. The Mo (30 wt%) metal oxides (Al2O3, SiO2 or MgO) used catalysts were prepared by sol-gel, impregnation and microemulsion methods and characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), Nitrogen Adsorption - Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and NH3-Temperature Programmed Desorption (TPD) methods. The Mo-SiO2 sample prepared by the sol-gel method exhibited the highest DHPM yield (87%), in free solvent with a reaction time of 30 min. The high efficiency, in the Biginelli reaction, of the Mo-SiO2 catalyst is due to its structural, textural and acid properties. Highly dispersed αMoO3 species of orthorhombic structure having a high contribution of strong acidic sites would be the active species in the Biginelli synthesis. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Unique Adsorption Properties of Malachite Green on Interlayer Space of Cu-Al and Cu-Al-SiW12O40 Layered Double Hydroxides
Authors: Palapa Neza Rahayu , Juleanti Novie , Normah Normah , Taher Tarmizi , Lesbani Aldes
Published: October 2020

Cu-Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) was intercalated with Keggin ion of polyoxometalate           K4[a-SiW12O40] to form Cu-Al-SiW12O40 LDH. The obtained materials were analyzed by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) spectroscopy, and Brunaur-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis. Furthermore, the materials were used as adsorbents of malachite green from aqueous solution. Some variables for adsorption, such as: effect of adsorption times, malachite green concentration, and also adsorption temperature, were explored. The results showed that diffraction at 11.72° on Cu-Al LDH has interlayer distance of 7.56 Å. The intercalation of that LDH with [a-SiW12O40]4− ion resulted increasing interlayer distance to 12.10 Å. The surface area of material was also increased after intercalation from 46.2 m2/g to 89.02 m2/g. The adsorption of malachite green on Cu-Al and          Cu-Al-SiW12O40 LDHs followed pseudo second order kinetic and isotherm Langmuir model with adsorption capacity of Cu-Al and Cu-Al-SiW12O40 LDHs was 55.866 mg/g and 149.253 mg/g, respectively. That adsorption capacity is equal with increasing interlayer space and surface area properties of material after intercalation. Thus, the adsorption of malachite green on Cu-Al and Cu-Al-SiW12O40 LDHs is unique and dominantly occurred on interlayer space of LDH as active site adsorption. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Evidence of Plasmon Enhanced Charge Transfer in Large‐Area Hybrid Au–MoS2 Metasurface
Authors: Camellini Andrea , Mazzanti Andrea , Mennucci Carlo , Martella Christian , Lamperti Alessio , Molle Alessandro , Buatier de Mongeot Francesco , Della Valle Giuseppe , Zavelani‐Rossi Margherita
Published: October 2020

Hybrid plasmonic‐semiconductor assemblies are receiving considerable attention due to the possibility to achieve hot‐carrier‐based photodetection. In this context, 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) coupled to metal nanostructures are very promising. However, the plasmon‐to‐TMD carrier injection process is extremely challenging to achieve and even to reveal in a clear‐cut way. Herein, a report of multiple transient absorption ultrafast measurements, with tunable pump excitation, enabling quantitative comparison between the ultrafast behavior of metal nanostructures, TMDs, and their assembly is shown. This allows to provide the evidence of plasmon‐enhanced charge injection from Au nanostripes to a rippled‐shaped molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) few‐layer nanosheet. Finite element method numerical simulations and modeling of the transient optical response corroborate the charge transfer mechanism, showing that the experimental data cannot be described in terms of the thermomodulational nonlinearity of gold nanostripes or by simple superposition of metal and semiconductor responses. The sample is obtained by a self‐organization process on a large area; this demonstrates that plasmon‐enhanced photon harvesting exploiting hot‐electron injection can be achieved on a large area (approximately cm2) surface and provides a substantial advancement toward scalable ultrathin photodetection devices based on hot‐electrons technology.
Blue and Deep‐Blue‐Emitting Organic Lasers with Top‐Layer Distributed Feedback Resonators
Authors: Bonal Víctor , Villalvilla José M. , Quintana José A. , Boj Pedro G. , Lin Naiti , Watanabe Shoya , Kazlauskas Karolis , Adomeniene Ona , Jursenas Saulius , Tsuji Hayato , Nakamura Eiichi , Díaz‐García María A.
Published: October 2020

All‐solution processed surface‐emitting organic distributed feedback lasers are attractive devices for low‐cost applications. Here, lasers emitting in the spectral region between 375 and 475 nm, in which both active material and resonator (1D relief gratings) are based on solution‐processable polymer films, are reported. Ten different organic compounds dispersed in polystyrene are used as active layers of the prepared devices. They include various carbon‐bridged oligo(p‐phenylenevinylene) (COPVn, with n = 1,2) derivatives and two terfluorene compounds. The synthesis and complete optical and amplified spontaneous emission properties of one of the COPV1 compounds, COPV1(Me)‐t‐Bu, designed for deep‐blue emission, are also included. The feasibility of the resonator fabrication, performed by holographic lithography with a dichromated gelatine photoresist over the active film, is successfully demonstrated for all devices. Remarkably, no resolution limitations are found even for the lowest grating period (235 nm) required for the fabrication of the laser based on COPV1(Me)‐t‐Bu. It is also demonstrated that the rectangular grating profile with duty cycle 0.75:0.25 (hill:valley) is very convenient to optimize the resonator efficacy.
Sunlight‐Driven Self‐Organized Helical Superstructure Chromotropic Device
Authors: Wang Qian , Yu Li , Sun Jian , Guan Yu , Zhou Ziyuan , Shin Yunho , Yang Huai , West John , Yang Deng‐Ke
Published: October 2020

Sunlight‐driven chromotropic devices have attracted much attention and been intensively studied in recent years because of their applications in the fields of soft robotics, camouflage, and anti‐counterfeiting. Herein, a sunlight‐driven helical superstructure chromotropic device is reported via doping a photo‐responsive molecular motor molecule into the nematic liquid crystal host to form cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs). In designed CLC chromotropic devices, the color changing range is capable of covering the visible region upon exposure to sunlight of different intensities. The photo‐responsive behaviors of the CLC chromotropic devices, including initial state, photo‐stable state, and transforming mode can be accurately controlled by manipulating their composition. Moreover, it is feasible to mass produce CLC chromotropic devices in various forms from rigid to soft and from film to fiber. They are demonstrated as smart “skins” capable of imitating the colors of surrounding environments. Their rewritable feature under sunlight offers a promising platform for designing and fabricating advanced multifunctional devices for real‐world applications.
Soft Lithography for Manufacturing Scalable Perovskite Metasurfaces with Enhanced Emission and Absorption
Authors: Kessel Amit , Frydendahl Christian , Indukuri Sita Rama Krishna Chaitanya , Mazurski Noa , Arora Pankaj , Levy Uriel
Published: October 2020

Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites have emerged in recent years as a promising alternative to silicon solar cells and other optoelectronic devices, mostly due to their high photon yields, long carrier lifetime, adjustable bandgap, and other merits. While patterning photonic nanostructures onto their inorganic counterparts is well established to augment their capabilities, lack of compatibility with conventional lithography techniques hinders the implementation of those principles with perovskites. Hereby, the fabrication of MAPbI3 nanophotonic structures such as nanoscale metasurfaces is demonstrated via soft lithography, a method in which the patterning is done when the perovskite is not fully crystallized, allowing for crystallization within the mold with the end result of facile and unharmful imprinting of sub‐micron features onto perovskite thin films, over large areas and with the potential to scale up in a seamless way. By doing so, a substantial increase in light absorption as well as twofold photoluminescence enhancement from the perovskite thin film is shown. These results are supported by spectral and lifetime measurements. This method is pertinent to many device configurations and can assist in realizing the future of high‐efficiency perovskite‐based devices, including solar cells, LEDs, lasers, and more.
Organic Cathode Materials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Lyu Hailong , Sun Xiao-Guang , Dai Sheng
Published: October 2020

With the rapid development of energy storage systems in power supplies and electrical vehicles, the search for sustainable cathode materials to enhance the energy density of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) has become the focus in both academic and industrial studies. Currently, the widely utilized inorganic cathode materials suffer from drawbacks such as limited capacity, high energy consumption in production, safety hazards, and high‐cost raw materials. Therefore, it is necessary to develop green and sustainable cathode materials with higher specific capacity, better safety properties, and more abundant natural resources. As alternatives, organic cathode materials possess the advantages of high theoretical capacity, environmental friendliness, flexible structure design, systemic safety, and natural abundance, making them a promising class of energy storage materials. Herein, the development history of the organic cathode materials and recent research developments are reviewed, introducing several categories of typical organic compounds as cathode materials for LIBs, including conductive polymers, organosulfur compounds, radical compounds, carbonyl compounds, and imine compounds. The electrochemical performance, electrode reaction mechanism, and pros and cons of different organic cathode materials are comparatively analyzed to identify the challenges to be addressed. Finally, the future research and improvement directions of the organic cathode materials are also proposed.
Human recombinant lysosomal β‐Hexosaminidases produced in Pichia pastoris efficiently reduced lipid accumulation in Tay‐Sachs fibroblasts
Authors: Espejo‐Mojica Angela J. , Rodríguez‐López Alexander , Li Rong , Zheng Wei , Alméciga‐Díaz Carlos J. , Dulcey‐Sepúlveda Cindy , Combariza Germán , Barrera Luis A.
Published: October 2020

GM2 gangliosidosis, Tay‐Sachs and Sandhoff diseases, are lysosomal storage disorders characterized by the lysosomal accumulation of GM2 gangliosides. This accumulation is due to deficiency in the activity of the β‐hexosaminidases Hex‐A or Hex‐B, which are dimeric hydrolases formed by αβ or ββ subunits, respectively. These disorders show similar clinical manifestations that range from mild systemic symptoms to neurological damage and premature death. There is still no effective therapy for GM2 gangliosidoses, but some therapeutic alternatives, as enzyme replacement therapy, have being evaluated. Previously, we reported the production of active human recombinant β‐hexosaminidases (rhHex‐A and rhHex‐B) in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. In this study, we evaluated in vitro the cellular uptake, intracellular delivery to lysosome, and reduction of stored substrates. Both enzymes were taken‐up via endocytic pathway mediated by mannose and mannose‐6‐phosphate receptors and delivered to lysosomes. Noteworthy, rhHex‐A diminished the levels of stored lipids and lysosome mass in fibroblasts from Tay‐Sachs patients. Overall, these results confirm the potential of P. pastoris as host to produce recombinant β‐hexosaminidases intended to be used in the treatment of GM2 gangliosidosis.
Neutrals' Approaches to a Heated Process: On Keeping Things Cool, Calm, and Collected
Authors: Creo Robert A.
Published: October 2020

There is a trend to avoid or reduce mediation joint sessions to introduce or orient formalities without substantive presentations or discussion. The intention is to avoid early confrontation and further polarization.
Engaging Perioperative Learners Using Online Game‐Based Education
Authors: Crowley-Barnett Jennifer , Pagano Teresa , Kent Martha
Published: October 2020

Nurse educators may experience challenges (eg, distracted learners, inability to provide immediate feedback) when teaching in a classroom setting. Further, the perioperative workforce is multigenerational—younger staff members may have started using technology on a daily basis at a young age, so they may become distracted during traditional lectures and not retain important information. Online game‐based learning (GBL) platforms are one technological solution that perioperative educators can use to maintain student engagement and foster learning. Educators at an academic medical center used an online GBL platform to develop presentations on instrument sterilization and surgical attire with sterile technique. At the conclusion of the sessions, the participants submitted surveys evaluating the teaching method. The survey results showed that the respondents found the GBL program to be a fun and positive interactive learning experience. Nurse educators should consider using this type of technology to improve participation and knowledge retention when developing educational programs.
Study on the friction properties of nanocopper oxide/fluorosilicone rubber
Authors: Yang Xiaoping , Tian Jianfeng , Dong Jun
Published: October 2020

In order to study the effect of nanocopper oxide (n‐CuO) on the friction properties of fluorosilicone rubber (FVMQ), the mechanical blending method was used by adding n‐CuO in preparation of FVMQ. Characterization of scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction analysis, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and so on were utilized for studying the mechanism of n‐CuO in FVMQ. The experimental test on tensile, tear, and friction performance were performed on n‐CuO/FVMQ at both room temperature (RT) and 200°C. In comparison with n‐CuO /FVMQ, the wear depth of FVMQ increased by 52.933 and 5.605 μm for RT and 200°C, respectively. Besides, the wear loss of FVMQ increased by 2.9 and 5.3 mg, respectively. The results show that for both at RT or 200°C, the addition of n‐CuO changes the friction mechanism of FVMQ. The friction coefficient and wear loss of FVMQ are effectively reduced, so that the friction property of rubber matrix is significantly enhanced. In addition, the tearing property of FVMQ is improved by adding n‐CuO to change the crosslinking density of FVMQ.
Macrostructure of anisotropic shape memory polymer films studied by the molecular probe method
Authors: Kondratov Alexander P. , Cherkasov Egor P. , Paley Vladislav , Volinsky Alex A.
Published: October 2020

An anisotropic copolymer film of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate, which has shape memory properties, was investigated by the molecular probe method, thermomechanical analysis, and scanning calorimetry. It was found that the amorphous‐crystalline structure and the stress–strain state of the surface layer of the film differ from the structure and state of the inner layers. The molecular probe (limited diffusion of a solvent into the surface layer of the film) revealed the localization of the elastic deformation energy of a film, which was rapidly cooled in a stressed state during production. It is shown that destroying/crushing the stressed macrostructure of the film surface via plasticization and dissolution of the copolymer, eliminates the effects of the elastic energy release during thermally stimulated shrinkage.
Wettability behavior of solution blow spun polysulfone by controlling morphology
Authors: Domínguez José E. , Kasiri Ali , González‐Benito Javier
Published: October 2020

Solution blow spinning (SBS) is used to prepare polysulfone materials (PSf) with different morphologies changing the processing conditions. Morphological study is done by scanning electron microscopy. Materials mainly constituted by beads and fibers are obtained. An optimization strategy based on desirability function approach together with Box–Behnken design is employed to find the best processing conditions to produce PSf materials with tailored morphology. Feed rate and air pressure are the variables of SBS processing conditions with the highest influence on the relative amount of fibers produced while air pressure and a particular balance between work distance and feed rate have the highest impact on the size of fibers. Contact angle measurements are used to understand SBS PSf wettability as a function of morphology. It is demonstrated the possibility of designing PSf materials with particular wettability behavior induced by tailored morphologies obtained from a particular election of SBS processing conditions.
Identifying environmental risk factors and gene–environment interactions in holoprosencephaly
Authors: Addissie Yonit A. , Troia Angela , Wong Zoe C. , Everson Joshua L. , Kozel Beth A. , Muenke Maximilian , Lipinski Robert J. , Malecki Kristen M.C. , Kruszka Paul
Published: October 2020

Background

Holoprosencephaly is the most common malformation of the forebrain (1 in 250 embryos) with severe consequences for fetal and child development. This study evaluates nongenetic factors associated with holoprosencephaly risk, severity, and gene–environment interactions.

Methods

For this retrospective case control study, we developed an online questionnaire focusing on exposures to common and rare toxins/toxicants before and during pregnancy, nutritional factors, maternal health history, and demographic factors. Patients with holoprosencephaly were primarily ascertained from our ongoing genetic and clinical studies of holoprosencephaly. Controls included children with Williams‐Beuren syndrome (WBS) ascertained through online advertisements in a WBD support group and fliers.

Results

Difference in odds of exposures between cases and controls as well as within cases with varying holoprosencephaly severity were studied. Cases included children born with holoprosencephaly (n = 92) and the control group consisted of children with WBS (n = 56). Pregnancy associated risk associated with holoprosencephaly included maternal pregestational diabetes (9.2% of cases and 0 controls, p = .02), higher alcohol consumption (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.73; 95% CI, 0.88–15.71), and exposure to consumer products such as aerosols or sprays including hair sprays (aOR, 2.46; 95% CI, 0.89–7.19). Significant gene–environment interactions were identified including for consumption of cheese (p < .05) and espresso drinks (p = .03).

Conclusion

The study identifies modifiable risk factors and gene–environment interactions that should be considered in future prevention of holoprosencephaly. Studies with larger HPE cohorts will be needed to confirm these findings.
Design, Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Novel Indole Derivatives Containing Benzoic Acid Group as Potential AKR1C3 Inhibitors
Authors: Sun Mingjiao , Zhou Yi , Zhuo Xuefang , Wang Sheng , Jiang Shisheng , Peng Zhihuan , Kang Ke , Zheng Xuehua , Sun Mingna
Published: October 2020

Castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is a fatal, metastatic form of prostate cancer, characterized by reactivation of the androgen axis. Aldo‐keto reductase 1C3 (AKR1C3) converts androstenedione (AD) and 5α‐androstanedione to testosterone (T) and 5α‐dihydrotestosterone (DHT), respectively. In CRPC, AKR1C3 is upregulated and implicated in drug resistance and has been regarded as a potential therapeutic target. Here we examined a series of indole derivatives containing benzoic acid or phenylhydroxamic acid and found that 4‐({3‐[(3,4,5‐trimethoxyphenyl)sulfanyl]‐1H‐indol‐1‐yl}methyl)benzoic acid (3e) and N‐hydroxy‐4‐({3‐[(3,4,5‐trimethoxyphenyl)sulfanyl]‐1H‐indol‐1‐yl}methyl)benzamide (3q) inhibited 22Rv1 cell proliferation with IC50 values of 6.37 μM and 2.72 μM, respectively. In enzymatic assay, compounds 3e and 3q exhibited potent inhibitory effect against AKR1C3 (IC50=0.26 and 2.39 μM, respectively). These results indicated that compounds 3e and 3q might be useful leads for further investigation of more potential AKR1C3 inhibitors used for CRPC.
Novel Dioxane and Morpholino Nucleotide Analogues: Syntheses and RNA‐Hybridization Properties
Authors: Hofmeister Armin , Jahn‐Hofmann Kerstin , Krack Arne , Müller Armin , Kurz Michael , Scheidler Sabine
Published: October 2020

A novel class of nucleotide analogues with a dioxane ring as central scaffold has been developed. Synthetic routes in two diastereomeric series were realized, and the final thymidine analogues were synthesized with common functionalities for the automated oligonucleotide synthesis. The chemical space of the initially derived nucleotides was expanded by changing the central dioxane to analogous morpholine derivatives. This opens up the possibility for further derivatization by attaching different substituents at the morpholine nitrogen. The novel nucleotide building blocks were incorporated into double‐stranded RNA sequences, and their hybridization properties investigated by melting‐temperature analysis. Both scaffolds, dioxanes and morpholines, had an equal impact on double‐strand stability, but Tm values differed depending on the chirality in the six‐membered ring.
Post‐traumatic growth in prisoners and its association with the quality of staff–prisoner relationships
Authors: Hearn Natalie , Joseph Stephen , Fitzpatrick Sally
Published: October 2020

Background

Being sentenced to imprisonment can be traumatic. This may lead to further negative effects, including reoffending or disorders of mental health. Emerging research, however, has suggested that traumatic events can, at times, also lead to post‐traumatic growth, leading us to question whether prisoners could experience this.

Aims

Our aims were to explore the prevalence of post‐traumatic growth in prisoners and any association between this and prisoners' perceptions of the quality of their relationships with staff. Our primary hypothesis was that there would be a positive association between perceptions of the quality of relationships with staff members and post‐traumatic growth. We also hypothesised an interaction between staff–prisoner relationships and the extent to which sentencing was experienced as traumatic.

Method

The Post‐traumatic Growth Inventory and the Barrett‐Lennard Relationship Inventory were distributed to all 762 prisoners in a high‐security prison for adult men in England. First, one‐tailed correlations between variables were run, then a hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to test for an interaction between staff–prisoner relationship ratings, trauma of sentencing and post‐traumatic growth.

Results

Just over one fifth of the men (n = 160) returned questionnaires; 76 (48%) had scores indicative of moderate‐to‐high post‐traumatic growth. There was a significant positive association between perceptions of the relationships with staff members and the post‐traumatic growth reported. There was no significant interaction between the staff–prisoner relationships and the experience of trauma of imprisonment.

Conclusions

Our study extends understanding of prisoners through finding that higher levels of self‐rated post‐traumatic growth were associated with experiencing empathy, positive regard, acceptance and genuineness from prison staff. This highlights the need for high‐quality relationships to be adopted in all aspects of prison setting and culture and offers further direction for research into such relationships and their role in promoting positive psychological outcomes.
Diagnostic approach and arthroscopic treatment of septic arthritis of the knee, in an infant
Authors: Laliotis Nikolaos , Chrysanthou Chrysanthos , Konstandinidis Panagiotis , Giannakopoulou Lambrini
Published: October 2020

A 9‐month‐old baby presented with sudden inability to stand and unable to move his leg. Clinical examination showed edema and knee effusion. Blood tests and MRI confirmed septic knee arthritis without bone involvement. He was treated with arthroscopic lavage. He had a complete recovery and normal growth.
Acute pancreatitis in a COVID‐19 patient: An unusual presentation
Authors: Acherjya Goutam Kumar , Rahman Md Masudur , Islam Mohammad Touhidul , Alam ABM Saiful , Tarafder Keya , Rahman Mohammad Mostafizur , Ali Mohammad , Deb Shudip Ranjan
Published: October 2020

Any atypical presentation of COVID‐19 may be occurred as a part of its elevated coagulopathy or cytokine storm syndrome. So therefore, physicians should be aware and prepared to handle such atypical presentations and sequelae related to COVID‐19.
Binswanger's disease: Case presentation and differential diagnosis
Authors: Văcăraș Vitalie , Cordoș Adrian Mihai , Rahovan Imelda , Frunze Sorina , Mureșanu Dafin Fior
Published: October 2020

Establishing a diagnosis of Binswanger's disease requires a multimodal approach. As new pathophysiological mechanisms are revealed, tests that should yield greater specificity will become available in the years to come.