bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interest of hair tests to discriminate a tail end of a doping regimen from a possible contamination in case of challenging an anti‐doping rule violation. V. Case reports involving trimetazidine, a drug where the concentration after a single 20 mg dose has been established
Authors: Kintz Pascal , Ameline Alice , Gheddar Laurie
Published: August 2024

The identification of trimetazidine, a medicine used for treating stable angina pectoris and for preventing angina attacks, has been recently observed in doping cases involving high profile athletes from various countries over the world. In all the files where the authors have been involved, the urine concentration of trimetazidine was low (<2 ng/mL), and the athletes argued that contamination was the source of their adverse analytical finding. It is possible to challenge imposed sanctions in relation to an adverse analytical finding, but it is the responsibility of the athlete to demonstrate he/she is innocent and can qualify for no fault or negligence. When the delay between the urine collection and the notification of the violation was not too long (less than 6 months), these athletes requested a head hair test. Trimetazidine was analyzed by an original LC–MS/MS method involving pH 9.5 borate buffer overnight incubation of 20 mg and subsequent solvents extraction in presence of trimetazidine‐D8 used as internal standard. Linearity was verified from 1 to 200 pg/mg (R2 = 0.9987). Limit of detection of the method was 0.1 pg/mg. The hair specimen of a male subject, collected 4 weeks after single oral ingestion of 20 mg trimetazidine, tested positive at 146 pg/mg in the corresponding segment. Concentrations of trimetazidine measured in several hair specimens (n = 5) collected from athletes challenging their anti‐doping rule violation were below 1 pg/mg, which is consistent with incidental exposure due to contamination. This is the first evidence that trimetazidine is incorporated in human hair after a single therapeutic dose administration.
Genetic diversity and population structure of an insect‐pollinated and bird‐dispersed dioecious tree Magnolia kwangsiensis in a fragmented karst forest landscape
Authors: Lin Yanfang , Xiang Yingying , Wei Sujian , Zhang Qiwei , Liu Yanhua , Zhang Zhiyong , Tang Shaoqing
Published: August 2024

This study combined population genetics and parentage analysis to obtain foundational data for the conservation of Magnolia kwangsiensis. M. kwangsiensis is a Class I tree species that occurs in two disjunct regions in a biodiversity hotspot in southwest China. We assessed the genetic diversity and structure of this species across its distribution range to support its conservation management. Genetic diversity and population structure of 529 individuals sampled from 14 populations were investigated using seven nuclear simple sequence repeat (nSSR) markers and three chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) fragments. Parentage analysis was used to evaluate the pollen and seed dispersal distances. The nSSR marker analysis revealed a high genetic diversity in M. kwangsiensis, with an average observed (Ho) and expected heterozygosities (He) of 0.726 and 0.687, respectively. The mean and maximum pollen and seed dispersal distances were 66.4 and 95.7 m and 535.4 and 553.8 m, respectively. Our data revealed two distinct genetic groups, consistent with the disjunct geographical distribution of the M. kwangsiensis populations. Both pollen and seed dispersal movements help maintain genetic connectivity among M. kwangsiensis populations, contributing to high levels of genetic diversity. Both genetically differentiated groups corresponding to the two disjunct regions should be recognized as separate conservation units.
Hiptage yangshuoensis (Malpighiaceae), a new species on karst hills close to Lijiang River, Guangxi, China, based on molecular and morphological data
Authors: Wang Ren‐Fen , Ning Yao , Li Xiao‐Juan , Tan Ke , Nguyen Khang Sinh
Published: August 2024

Hiptage yangshuoensis K.Tan & K.S.Nguyen, a new species of Hiptage collected from a karst cliff close to the Lijiang River, Northeast of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, is described and illustrated based on molecular and morphological data. Hiptage yangshuoensis shares some morphological similarities with the H. multiflora F.N.Wei, but easily distinguished by its long pedicels with articulate at top, one large calyx gland, oblanceolate middle wing and lanceolate lateral wings of samara, and young branch covered rusty sericeous. The new species status is also supported by molecular phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear ribosome internal transcribed spacer (nrITS), which showed distinct systematic distinctiveness from the most morphologically similar species, H. multiflora.
Phenotypic correlates between clock genes and phenology among populations of Diederik cuckoo, Chrysococcyx caprius
Authors: Le Clercq L. S. , Phetla V. , Osinubi S. T. , Kotzé A. , Grobler J. P. , Dalton D. L.
Published: August 2024

The Diederik cuckoo, Chrysococcyx caprius, is a small Afrotropical bird in the family Cuculidae. It is taxonomically related to 13 other species within the genus Chrysococcyx and is migratory in sub‐Saharan Africa. It has a unique breeding behaviour of being a brood parasite: Breeding pairs lay their eggs in the nests of a host species and hatchlings expel the eggs of the host species. The aim of the present study was to investigate diversity in two circadian clock genes, Clock and Adcyap1, to probe for a relationship between genetic polymorphisms and their role in circannual timing and habitat selection (phenology) in intra‐African migrants. DNA extracted from blood was used for the PCR amplification and sequencing of clock genes in 30 Diederik cuckoos. Three alleles were detected for Clock with similar genotypes between individuals from the Northern and Southern breeding ranges while 10 alleles were detected for Adcyap1, having shorter alleles in the North and longer alleles in the South. Population genetic analyses, including allele frequency and zygosity analysis, showed distinctly higher frequencies for the most abundant Clock allele, containing 10 polyglutamine repeats, as well as a high degree of homozygosity. In contrast, all individuals were heterozygous for Adcyap1 and alleles from both regions showed distinct differences in abundance. Comparisons between both clock genes and phenology found several phenotypic correlations. This included evidence of a relationship between the shorter alleles and habitat selection as well as a relationship between longer alleles and timing. In both instances, evidence is provided that these effects may be sex‐specific. Given that these genes drive some of the synchronicity between environments and the life cycles of birds, they provide valuable insight into the fitness of species facing global challenges including climate change, urbanisation and expanding agricultural practices.
Mass Produced Flexible Aramid Electrodes Via Delamination of Layered Aerogels for Cut‐to‐Fit Wearable Zinc–Air Batteries Encased in Aramid Protection
Authors: Park Seung Hee , Jang Sin Yeong , Ahn Sung Hoon
Published: August 2024

This study introduces a cut‐to‐fit methodology for customizing bulk aramid aerogels into form factors suitable for wearable energy storage. Owing to strong intercomponent bonds within aramid‐based building blocks, it is possible to delaminate layered bulk aerogel into flexible and thinner sheets, enabling efficient mass production. This process allows for precise customization of aerogel dimensions, shape, and elasticity, ensuring high resilience to deformation along with excellent thermal and impact resistance. Incorporation of conductive carbon nanotubes on the surface significantly enhances electrical conductivity and multi‐catalytic activity while retaining the inherent advantages of aramids. These advancements facilitate the use of flexible and conductive electrodes as air cathodes in solid‐state zinc–air batteries (ZABs), which demonstrate superior cyclic performance and lifecycles exceeding 160 h. Furthermore, aramid‐based packaging provides superior protection for pouch‐type ZABs, ensuring a consistent power supply even in severe conditions. These batteries are capable of withstanding structural deformations and absorbing physical and thermal shocks, such as impacts and exposure to fire. Moreover, the innovative reassembly of custom‐cut single‐pouch cells into battery modules allows for enhanced power output, tailored to wearable applications. This highlights the potential of the technology for a wide array of wearable devices requiring dependable energy sources in demanding environments.
Harnessing the Power of PM6:Y6 Semitransparent Photoanodes by Computational Balancement of Photon Absorption in Photoanode/Photovoltaic Organic Tandems: >7 mA cm−2 Solar Synthetic Fuels Production at Bias‐Free Potentials
Authors: Bernal‐Texca Francisco , Andrioti Emmanouela , Martorell Jordi , Ros Carles
Published: August 2024

This study first demonstrates the potential of organic photoabsorbing blends in overcoming a critical limitation of metal oxide photoanodes in tandem modules: insufficient photogenerated current. Various organic blends, including PTB7‐Th:FOIC, PTB7‐Th:O6T‐4F, PM6:Y6, and PM6:FM, were systematically tested. When coupled with electron transport layer (ETL) contacts, these blends exhibit exceptional charge separation and extraction, with PM6:Y6 achieving saturation photocurrents up to 16.8 mA cm−2 at 1.23 VRHE (oxygen evolution thermodynamic potential). For the first time, a tandem structure utilizing organic photoanodes has been computationally designed and fabricated and the implementation of a double PM6:Y6 photoanode/photovoltaic structure resulted in photogenerated currents exceeding 7 mA cm−2 at 0 VRHE (hydrogen evolution thermodynamic potential) and anodic current onset potentials as low as −0.5 VRHE. The herein‐presented organic‐based approach paves the way for further exploration of different blend combinations to target specific oxidative reactions by selecting precise donor/acceptor candidates among the multiple existing ones.
Lithium Diffusion‐Efficient Ionogels as Polymer Solid Electrolyte for Next‐Gen Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Igbaroola Boluwatife , Eddahani Yassine , Howlett Patrick , Forsyth Maria , O'Dell Luke , Dupré Nicolas , Le Bideau Jean
Published: August 2024

The search for safer next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) has driven significant research on non‐toxic, non‐flammable solid electrolytes. However, their electrochemical performance often falls short. This work presents a simple, one‐step photopolymerization process for synthesizing biphasic liquid–solid ionogel electrolytes using acrylic acid monomer and P111i4FSI ionic liquid. We investigated the impact of lithium salt concentration and temperature on ion diffusion, particularly lithium‐ion (Li+) mobility, within these ionogels. Pulsed‐field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance (PFG‐NMR) revealed enhanced Li+ diffusion in the acrylic acid (AA)‐based ionogels compared to their non‐confined ionic liquid counterparts. Remarkably, Li+ diffusion remained favorable in the ionogels regardless of salt concentration. These AA‐based ionogels demonstrate very good ionic conductivity (>1 mS cm−1 at room temperature) and a wide electrochemical window (up to 5.3 V vs Li+/Li0). These findings suggest significant promise for AA‐based ionogels as polymer solid electrolytes in future solid‐state battery applications.
Cardiac biomarkers for screening and prognostication of cardiac dysfunction in critically ill patients
Authors: Cavefors Oscar , Einarsson Freyr , Holmqvist Jakob , Bech‐Hanssen Odd , Ricksten Sven‐Erik , Redfors Björn , Oras Jonatan
Published: August 2024

Aims

This study aimed to assess the use of high‐sensitivity troponin T (hsTNT) and N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) in screening for cardiac dysfunction [left ventricular (LV) systolic or diastolic dysfunction or right ventricular (RV) dysfunction] in mixed intensive care unit (ICU) patients and establish whether these biomarkers are independently associated with an increased risk of death.

Methods

We performed a secondary analysis of a single‐centre prospective observational study in which consecutive ICU patients were examined with transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and cardiac biomarkers. Patients with systolic or diastolic LV dysfunction, RV dysfunction or a combination of these were compared with patients with normal cardiac function. Sensitivity and specificity for different cut‐off levels were calculated using receiver operating characteristic curves. Regression models were used to evaluate the associations between cardiac biomarkers, sepsis, renal failure and mortality.

Results

A total of 276 patients were included. Most of the patients had cardiac dysfunction on TTE (64%). Combined cardiac dysfunction was most prevalent (71 patients, 26%), followed by isolated diastolic LV dysfunction (40 patients, 15%). Levels of hsTNT and NT‐proBNP were higher in all types of cardiac dysfunction versus patients with normal cardiac function. The area under the curve (AUC) for hsTNT to detect any cardiac dysfunction was 0.75. An optimal cut‐off at 30.5 ng/L rendered a positive predictive value (PPV) of 80% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 58%. The AUC for NT‐proBNP to detect any cardiac dysfunction was 0.788. Using an optimal cut‐off at 1145 ng/L rendered a PPV of 86% and an NPV of 58%. Using a clinically relevant 90% sensitivity for detecting cardiac dysfunction put the cut‐offs at 14.1 ng/L for hsTNT and 247 ng/L for NT‐proBNP, resulting in a specificity of 48% and 46%, respectively. Levels of NT‐proBNP were associated with sepsis and renal failure (P < 0.001), while levels of hsTNT were associated with renal failure only (P < 0.001) after adjustment for cardiac dysfunction. Levels of biomarkers were associated with an increased risk of 90 day mortality after adjustments for age, Simplified Acute Physiology Score 3, cardiac dysfunction and factors independently associated with biomarker increase (sepsis and renal failure) (P = 0.048 for hsTNT and P < 0.006 for NT‐proBNP).

Conclusion

Cardiac biomarkers, hsTNT and NT‐proBNP, are strongly correlated to cardiac dysfunction in ICU patients and have a robust association with increased mortality. However, the relatively low NPV and the low specificity at relevant sensitivity levels of the biomarkers make them unsuitable for use in screening for cardiac dysfunction.
A case report of right‐sided heart failure secondary to JAK2‐mutation Loeffler endocarditis
Authors: Liu Xi , Liu Limin , Yan Zhiguo , Sun Lin , Ma Menghuai , Xiang Yi , Cai Xiang , Wang Xiaoqi , Yang Wenhui
Published: August 2024

Loeffler's endocarditis (LE) is the cardiac manifestation of hypereosinophilic syndrome. We present a case of LE in a 45‐year‐old female, resulting in diffuse endothelial fibrosis and severe right‐sided heart failure. The patient was admitted with dyspnoea and oedema, with haematology revealing an absolute eosinophil count of 20.9 × 109. Imaging showed near‐complete obliteration of the right ventricular apical and formation of thromboses. Endomyocardial biopsy indicated diffuse fibrous hyperplasia of the endocardium with fibrinous thrombi rich in eosinophils. Molecular and cytogenetic analyses of bone marrow cells showed no signs of FIP1L1‐PDGFRA fusion, PDGFRB mutation, abnormal myeloid maturation, or a lymphoproliferative disorder. Flow cytometry indicated no clonality, ruling out chronic eosinophilic leukaemia. Gene mutation screening discovered a p.L583_A586delinesS mutation in the JAK2 gene. Following treatment with ruxolitinib, the patient's eosinophil levels normalized, but unfortunately, the damage to the heart was irreversible. The patient was hospitalized multiple times due to right heart failure and resistance to diuretics. After thorough discussions with the medical team, it was determined that a heart transplantation would be the most effective treatment. Following the surgery, the patient successfully navigated the postoperative critical period with the support of an intra‐aortic balloon pump (IABP), continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), and ventilator‐assisted ventilation but subsequently developed an acquired Intensive care unit‐acquired weakness (ICU‐AW) and a depressive state. Fortunately, the patient gradually recovered from these complications.
Cardiovascular toxicities of immune therapies for cancer – a scientific statement of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC and the ESC Council of Cardio‐Oncology
Authors: Tocchetti Carlo Gabriele , Farmakis Dimitrios , Koop Yvonne , Andres Maria Sol , Couch Liam S. , Formisano Luigi , Ciardiello Fortunato , Pane Fabrizio , Au Lewis , Emmerich Max , Plummer Chris , Gulati Geeta , Ramalingam Sivatharshini , Cardinale Daniela , Brezden‐Masley Christine , Iakobishvili Zaza , Thavendiranathan Paaladinesh , Santoro Ciro , Bergler‐Klein Jutta , Keramida Kalliopi , de Boer Rudolf A. , Maack Christoph , Lutgens Esther , Rassaf Tienush , Fradley Michael G. , Moslehi Javid , Yang Eric H. , De Keulenaer Gilles , Ameri Pietro , Bax Jeroen , Neilan Tomas G. , Herrmann Joerg , Mbakwem Amam C. , Mirabel Mariana , Skouri Hadi , Hirsch Emilio , Cohen‐Solal Alain , Sverdlov Aaron L. , van der Meer Peter , Asteggiano Riccardo , Barac Ana , Ky Bonnie , Lenihan Daniel , Dent Susan , Seferovic Petar , Coats Andrew J.S. , Metra Marco , Rosano Giuseppe , Suter Thomas , Lopez‐Fernandez Teresa , Lyon Alexander R.
Published: August 2024

The advent of immunological therapies has revolutionized the treatment of solid and haematological cancers over the last decade. Licensed therapies which activate the immune system to target cancer cells can be broadly divided into two classes. The first class are antibodies that inhibit immune checkpoint signalling, known as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The second class are cell‐based immune therapies including chimeric antigen receptor T lymphocyte (CAR‐T) cell therapies, natural killer (NK) cell therapies, and tumour infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapies. The clinical efficacy of all these treatments generally outweighs the risks, but there is a high rate of immune‐related adverse events (irAEs), which are often unpredictable in timing with clinical sequalae ranging from mild (e.g. rash) to severe or even fatal (e.g. myocarditis, cytokine release syndrome) and reversible to permanent (e.g. endocrinopathies).The mechanisms underpinning irAE pathology vary across different irAE complications and syndromes, reflecting the broad clinical phenotypes observed and the variability of different individual immune responses, and are poorly understood overall. Immune‐related cardiovascular toxicities have emerged, and our understanding has evolved from focussing initially on rare but fatal ICI‐related myocarditis with cardiogenic shock to more common complications including less severe ICI‐related myocarditis, pericarditis, arrhythmias, including conduction system disease and heart block, non‐inflammatory heart failure, takotsubo syndrome and coronary artery disease. In this scientific statement on the cardiovascular toxicities of immune therapies for cancer, we summarize the pathophysiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of ICI, CAR‐T, NK, and TIL therapies. We also highlight gaps in the literature and where future research should focus.
Electronic Structure of trans‐[VIICl2(E(CH3)2CH2CH2E(CH3)2)2], E=N, P
Authors: Jafari Mehrafshan G. , Zolnhofer Eva M. , Fehn Dominik , Heinemann Frank W. , Opalade Adedamola A. , Carroll Patrick J. , Meyer Karsten , Krzystek J. , Ozarowski Andrew , Mindiola Daniel J. , Jackson Timothy A. , Telser Joshua
Published: August 2024

Coordination complexes of general formula trans‐[MX2(R2ECH2CH2ER2)2] (MII=Ti, V, Cr, Mn; E=N or P; R=alkyl or aryl) are a cornerstone of coordination and organometallic chemistry. We investigate the electronic properties of two such complexes, trans‐[VCl2(tmeda)2] and trans‐[VCl2(dmpe)2], which thus represent trans‐[MX2(R2ECH2CH2ER2)2] where M=V, X=Cl, R=Me and E=N (tmeda) and P (dmpe). These VII complexes have S=3/2 ground states, as expected for octahedral d3. Their tetragonal distortion leads to zero‐field splitting (zfs) that is modest in magnitude (D≈0.3 cm−1) relative to analogous S=1 TiII and CrII complexes. This parameter was determined from conventional EPR spectroscopy, but more effectively from high‐frequency and ‐field EPR (HFEPR) that determined the sign of D as negative for the diamine complex, but positive for the diphosphine, which information had not been known for any trans‐[VX2(R2ECH2CH2ER2)2] systems. The ligand‐field parameters of trans‐[VCl2(tmeda)2] and trans‐[VCl2(dmpe)2] are obtained using both classical theory and ab initio quantum chemical theory. The results shed light not only on the electronic structure of VII in this environment, but also on differences between N and P donor ligands, a key comparison in coordination chemistry.
High‐stability two‐dimensional perovskite LaNb2O7 for high‐performance wide‐temperature (80–780 K) UV light detection and human motion detection
Authors: Zhang Yong , Yao Jian , Wang Lin , Chen Long , Du Junyi , Zhao Pin , Guo Qing , Zhang Zhen , Kang Lixing , Fang Xiaosheng
Published: August 2024

The unity of high‐stability and high‐performance in two‐dimensional (2D) material devices has consistently posed a fundamental challenge. Halide perovskites have shown exceptional optoelectronic properties but poor stability. Conversely, oxide perovskites exhibit exceptional stability, yet hardly achieve their high photoelectric performances. Herein, for the first time, high‐stability 2D perovskite LaNb2O7 (LNO) is engineered for high‐performance wide‐temperature UV light detection and human motion detection. High‐quality LNO nanosheets are prepared by solid‐state calcination and liquid‐phase exfoliation technique, resulting in exceptional stability against high temperature, acid, and alkali solutions. As expected, individual LNO nanosheet device achieves ultra‐wide temperature (80–780 K) and ultra‐high (3.7 × 104 A W−1 at 780 K) UV light detection. Importantly, it shows high responsivity (171 A W−1), extraordinary detectivity (4 × 1012 Jones), fast speed (0.3/97 ms), and long‐term stability under ambient conditions. In addition, wafer‐scale LNO film devices can be used as pixel array detectors for UV imaging, and large‐area flexible LNO film devices exhibit satisfactory photodetection performance after repeated bending tests. Interestingly, LNO nanosheets also exhibit distinct piezoelectric characteristics, which can serve as high‐sensitivity stress sensors for human motion detection. These encouraging results may pave the way for more innovative advances in 2D perovskite oxide materials and their diverse applications.

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The LTAR Grazing Land Common Experiment at Northern Plains
Authors: Toledo David , Hendrickson John , Liebig Mark , Kobilansky Chantel , Carrlson Andrew , Kronberg Scott , Christensen Rachael , Archer David , Branson David , Rand Tatyana , Campbell Joshua , Igathinathane Cannayen
Published: August 2024

The USDA Long‐Term Agroecosystem Research (LTAR) network aims to enhance sustainable agricultural management practices through a coordinated, cross‐site common experiment involving 18 locations across the United States. The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the LTAR Grazing Land Common Experiment at the Northern Plains (NP) site, where an experiment was initiated in 2019 to answer producers' and researchers' questions about whether the tactical application of fire or grazing can reduce the dominance of invasive Kentucky bluegrass in northern Great Plains ecosystems. As part of the LTAR common experiment, we contrast a prevailing practice (season‐long grazing at moderate stocking rate) with four alternative practices at a half‐hectare plot scale: (1) mob grazing by cattle, (2) multi‐species grazing (mob grazing by cattle, with goats foraging at key times of the year), (3) prescribed fire, and (4) prescribed fire followed by cattle grazing. A stakeholder group is engaged in the co‐production process to determine alternative practices and how to apply them. Every 5 years, the treatment with the best overall outcomes is applied at a field scale (15 ha), resulting in a core treatment contrast of prevailing versus alternative grazing management systems. This experiment aims to develop alternative agroecological practices that optimize current and future economic and ecosystem benefits.
Globalization and the “zero hunger” goal in Africa: Starving in an open world?
Authors: Ketu Isaac , Nguea Stéphane Mbiankeu
Published: August 2024

Despite commendable efforts to end hunger and achieve Sustainable Development Goal 2, the prevalence of undernourishment is still inadmissibly high, especially in Africa. Though important determinants of undernourishment have been documented, little is known about the role of globalization. This paper aims to fill this gap using a sample of 48 African countries over 2000–2020 period and data from the KOF globalization index and the World Bank dataset. The results from Driscoll and Kraay's Standard Errors and Instrumental Variable Generalized Method of Moments (IVGMM) methods show that globalization reduces both the prevalence of undernourishment and child stunting in African countries. Accounting for the dimensions of globalization, the results show that while economic globalization is negatively associated with food security, social and political globalization enhances it. Moreover, income growth, government size and access to electricity are identified as channels through which globalization reduces hunger in Africa. African governments should develop evidence‐based policies and interventions that leverage the opportunities presented by globalization to ensure food security.
アルカレミアを呈した正常血糖糖尿病性ケトアシドーシスの1例(Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis with alkalemia: a case report)
Authors: 朱音 堀内 , 紀博 渡邉 , 実幸 宮里 , 晴矢 紺野 , 正和 新田
Published: August 2024

糖尿病性ケトアシドーシス（diabetic ketoacidosis: DKA）は重篤な急性代謝障害や循環不全から死に至りうる病態である。多くはアシデミアや高血糖を根拠に診断されるが，われわれはDKAでありながら，アルカレミアと正常血糖を同時に呈した症例を経験した。40歳代の女性で，SGLT2阻害薬を含む血糖降下薬を内服する糖尿病患者が呼吸困難感を主訴に救急搬送された。動脈血液ガス分析では過換気によるアルカレミアと正常血糖値を呈していたが，アニオンギャップ開大よりDKAの存在が示唆された。輸液負荷とインスリン治療を行ったところ病態が改善し，βヒドロキシ酪酸の異常高値も確認されDKAと診断した。近年，アルカレミアを来すDKAや，SGLT2阻害薬の副作用により正常血糖値を呈するDKAに注意喚起がなされているが，両者は同時併存することもありうる。体調不良を訴える糖尿病患者の血液ガス分析では，アシデミアや高血糖を認めない場合にあっても，背景に隠された代謝性アシドーシスを見逃さないようアニオンギャップに注意を払うべきである。
Morphometric analysis and functional insights into the serotonergic system of Girardia tigrina (Tricladida, Platyhelminthes)
Authors: Kreshchenko Natalia D. , Ermakov Artem M.
Published: August 2024

Using immunocytochemistry, serotonergic nerve elements were documented in the nervous system of the planarian Girardia tigrina. Serotonin‐immunopositive components were observed in the brain, ventral, dorsal and longitudinal nerve cords, transverse nerve commissures connecting the nerve cords, and in the nerve plexus. Whole‐mount preparations of G. tigrina were analyzed by fluorescent and confocal laser scanning microscopy. An essential quantitative morphometric measurement of serotonin‐immunopositive structures was conducted in three body regions (anterior, middle, and posterior) of the planarian. The number of serotonin neurons was maximal in the head region. The ventral nerve cords gradually decreased in thickness from anterior to posterior body ends. Physiological action of exogenously applied serotonin was studied in G. tigrina for the first time. It was found that serotonin (0.1 and 1 µmol L−1) accelerated eye regeneration. The transcriptome sequencing performed for the first time for the planarian G. tigrina revealed the transcripts of the tryptophan hydroxylase (trph), amino acid decarboxylase (aadc) and serotonin transporter (sert) genes. The data obtained indicate the presence of the components of serotonin pathway in G. tigrina. The identified transcripts can take part in serotonin turnover and participate in the realization of biological effects of serotonin in planarians, associated with eyes regeneration and differentiation.
Operational challenges and collaborative solutions in radiology image interpretation: perspectives from imaging departments in a low‐resource setting
Authors: Karera Abel , Davidson Florence , Engel‐Hills Penelope
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Medical imaging's critical role in diagnosis requires prompt and precise image interpretation. Numerous radiology departments, especially in low‐resourced settings, encounter challenges such as a shortage of radiologists in their operational setup. This study explored the perceptions of radiographers and radiologists from low‐resourced departments in a single country regarding operational challenges and potential solutions in image interpretation.

Methods

A qualitative approach was utilised, involving heads of departments, senior radiographers, and radiologists with a minimum of 5 years of experience, from three major state referral hospitals. Face‐to‐face, semi‐structured interviews were conducted in November 2022, using an interview guide that included questions on the challenges encountered during image interpretation and the proposed solutions. Data analysis was conducted using Atlas.ti version 9.0, following the four‐step content analysis method. All participants willingly provided consent to participate in the study.

Results

Ten participants, comprising two radiologists and eight radiographers participated in the study. The research identified three main themes: image interpretation pathways, image interpretation operational challenges and proposed solutions for image interpretation. In addition, a total of 10 subthemes were generated from the three main themes.

Conclusion

The study revealed critical challenges and the need to explore the formal inclusion of radiographers in image interpretation, as a way to improve efficiency. However, a comprehensive assessment of the image interpretation system, encompassing radiographers' knowledge and competence, is recommended for context‐specific, empirical‐based modifications to enhance service provision.
An ultra‐fast ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry method for estimating the in vitro metabolic stability of palbociclib in human liver microsomes: In silico study for metabolic lability, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion features, and DEREK alerts screening
Authors: Attwa Mohamed W. , Abdelhameed Ali S. , Kadi Adnan A.
Published: August 2024

Palbociclib (Ibrance; Pfizer) was approved for the management of metastatic breast cancer characterized by hormone receptor‐positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative status. The objective of this study was to create a fast, precise, environmentally friendly, and highly sensitive ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry approach for quantifying palbociclib (PAB) in human liver microsomes with the application for assessing metabolic stability. The validation features were performed in agreement with the bioanalytical method validation standards outlined by the US Food and Drug Administration. The StarDrop software (WhichP450 and DEREK modules) was used in screening the metabolic lability and structural alerts of PAB. The separation of PAB and encorafenib (as an internal standard) was achieved on a C8 column, employing an isocratic mobile phase. The inter‐day and intra‐day accuracy and precision ranged from ‐6.00% to 4.64% and from ‐2.33% to 3.13%, respectively. The constructed calibration curve displayed a linearity in the range of 1–3000 ng/mL. The sensitivity of the established approach was proven by the lower limit of quantification of 0.73 ng/mL. The Analytical GREEness calculator results revealed the high level of greenness of the developed method. The PAB's metabolic stability (t1/2 of 18.5 min and a moderate clearance (Clint) of 44.8 mL/min/kg) suggests a high extraction ratio medication that matched the WhichP450 software results.
An ultra‐fast green ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry method for estimating the in vitro metabolic stability of zotizalkib in human liver microsomes
Authors: Attwa Mohamed W. , Abdelhameed Ali S. , Kadi Adnan A.
Published: August 2024

Zotizalkib (ZTK, TPX‐0131) is a fourth‐generation highly effective inhibitor of wild‐type anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and ALK‐resistant mutations that can penetrate the central nervous system. It exhibited greater potency compared to all five officially approved ALK inhibitors. The aim of this study was to develop a rapid, accurate, eco‐friendly, and highly sensitive ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐MS/MS) method for measuring the concentration of ZTK in human liver microsomes (HLMs). The validation aspects of the current UHPLC‐MS/MS methodology in the HLMs were conducted in accordance with the bioanalytical method validation standards specified by the US Food and Drug Administration. ZTK and encorafenib were separated using an Agilent C8 column (Eclipse Plus) and an isocratic mobile phase. The calibration curve for the developed ZTK exhibited a linear relationship within the concentration range of 1–3000 ng/mL. The results from the Analytical Green‐ness Metric Approach program (0.76) suggested that the created method demonstrated a significant degree of environmental sustainability. The in vitro half‐life (t1/2) and intrinsic clearance (Clint) of ZTK were determined to be 15.79 min and 51.35 mL/min/kg, respectively that suggests the ZTK exhibits characteristics similar to those of a medication with a high extraction ratio. These approaches are crucial for the progress of novel pharmaceutical development, especially in improving metabolic stability.
Emotional dynamics of virtual reality tourism experience: An application of day reconstruction and physiological methods
Authors: Li Shanshi , Zheng Danni , Zhan Jueying
Published: August 2024

This study investigates how the succession of real‐time emotions during a virtual reality tourism experience can shape the retrospective assessment of such experience. A total of 363 participants were exposed to a virtual reality tourism experience while their self‐report and skin conductance data were collected. Results reveal that average pleasure dominates peak and end moments in driving consumers' post‐viewing evaluation of virtual reality tourism experience. Meanwhile, the time to emotional arousal peak was found to be a significant predictor of consumers' visit intention in the virtual reality tourism setting. The findings advance our understanding of how individuals assess virtual reality destination experience on the basis of moment‐to‐moment affective data and extend the literature on emotional dynamics and virtual reality tourism.
Nationwide Hearing Loss Trends Over Two Decades
Authors: Danis David O. , Jain Rishubh , Homer Benjamin J. , O'Brien Monica , Gall Emily K. , Noonan Kathryn Y.
Published: August 2024

Objectives

Hearing loss (HL) is one of the most common chronic health conditions in the United States (US). This study aims to evaluate trends in HL prevalence among US adults over the past two decades.

Methods

Audiometric data of adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2018 were analyzed in 2‐year intervals to evaluate changes in HL (defined as pure tone average greater than 25 dB in at least one ear) over time in using odds ratios (ORs). Multivariate logistic regression was used to control for age and sex, and linear regression was used to evaluate trends in HL prevalence over time.

Results

The study included 13,468 participants. In adult participants (20–69 years old), HL remained stable over time, with some fluctuations ranging from 14.8% to 16.8%. In elderly participants (70‐years and older), HL remained stable over time, with some fluctuations ranging from 71.7% to 77.1%. Based on univariate and linear regression analysis, there were no differences in HL rates in the adult and elderly cohorts. Subjects 40–49 years old and adults with education level of less than high school had significant downward trends in HL prevalence over two decades (p < 0.001 and p = 0.029).

Conclusions

HL prevalence may be declining in the adult population when correcting for age and gender; however, there has not been a significant downward trend for the elderly population. HL may be decreasing over time among adults 40–49 years old and with shorter education backgrounds.

Level of Evidence

IV Laryngoscope, 2024
Achieving the Anomalous Far‐Red Emission of Eu3+ by Tailoring Distorted Square Antiprism Symmetry in Potassium‐Bismuth‐Phosphates
Authors: Zhang Hongzhi , Yang Zhiqin , Li Hong , Li Junpeng , Liu Conglin , Jiang Hongming , Liu Yuxin , Wang Rui , Xie Zhi , Zhu Jing
Published: August 2024

Eu3+ doped phosphors with efficient and intense 5D0‐7F4 far‐red luminescence hold significant potential in daily and agricultural illuminations. However, Eu3+ ions typically emit orange/red luminescence from 5D0‐7F1,2 transitions, and the development of high‐quality Eu3+ doped far‐red phosphors is still lacking and challenging. Herein, two potassium‐bismuth‐phosphate phosphors are developed to manipulate the coordination geometry from octahedron to distorted square antiprism, achieving intense 5D0‐7F4 far‐red emission with a high quantum efficiency of 90.5%. Specifically, formation energy calculations and transient spectral measurements reveal that Eu3+ occupies distorted square antiprism symmetric site in K6Bi13(PO4)15:Eu3+, resulting in intense 5D0‐7F4 far‐red emission. Conversely, the octahedral symmetry generates weak 5D0‐7F4 emission in K5Bi(P2O7)2:Eu3+. Moreover, K6Bi13(PO4)15:0.08Eu3+ (90%@423 K) exhibits better thermal stability compared to K5Bi(P2O7)2:0.2Eu3+ (83%@423 K). Spectral analyses and Debye temperature calculations exclude contributions from charge transfer band and structural rigidity, and elevated thermal stability is attributed to suppressed energy migration to quenching centers facilitated by smaller Eu3+ doping level in K6Bi13(PO4)15:0.08Eu3+. Finally, excellent photoelectric properties of white‐LEDs and plant growth lighting by utilizing the representative K6Bi13(PO4)15:0.08Eu3+ as red/far‐red components indicate its application potentiality. This work provides a feasible method for constructing efficient Eu3+ doped far‐red phosphors.
Epithelial–mesenchymal plasticity in cancer: signaling pathways and therapeutic targets
Authors: Wang Xiangpeng , Xue Xiaoxia , Pang Mingshi , Yu Liuchunyang , Qian Jinxiu , Li Xiaoyu , Tian Meng , Lyu Aiping , Lu Cheng , Liu Yuanyan
Published: August 2024

Currently, cancer is still a leading cause of human death globally. Tumor deterioration comprises multiple events including metastasis, therapeutic resistance and immune evasion, all of which are tightly related to the phenotypic plasticity especially epithelial–mesenchymal plasticity (EMP). Tumor cells with EMP are manifest in three states as epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), partial EMT, and mesenchymal–epithelial transition, which orchestrate the phenotypic switch and heterogeneity of tumor cells via transcriptional regulation and a series of signaling pathways, including transforming growth factor‐β, Wnt/β‐catenin, and Notch. However, due to the complicated nature of EMP, the diverse process of EMP is still not fully understood. In this review, we systematically conclude the biological background, regulating mechanisms of EMP as well as the role of EMP in therapy response. We also summarize a range of small molecule inhibitors, immune‐related therapeutic approaches, and combination therapies that have been developed to target EMP for the outstanding role of EMP‐driven tumor deterioration. Additionally, we explore the potential technique for EMP‐based tumor mechanistic investigation and therapeutic research, which may burst vigorous prospects. Overall, we elucidate the multifaceted aspects of EMP in tumor progression and suggest a promising direction of cancer treatment based on targeting EMP.
Curvilinear relationship was found between visceral adiposity index and stress urinary incontinence among US adult women: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Zhao Haibo , Shen Liping , Liu Yu
Published: August 2024

Aims

The purpose of this study was to find out the relation between visceral adipose index (VAI) levels and stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in adult women.

Methods

From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2020, females aged 20 or above were identified for this study. Visceral adiposity was determined using the VAI score, and the assessment of urinary incontinence was carried out through a correlation questionnaire. Logistic regression models and restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression were employed to analyze the relationship between VAI levels and SUI.

Results

Among the 6522 participants, 2672 (41.0%) were reported SUI. Multivariate logistic regression revealed significantly higher odds of SUI with increasing VAI levels (Q4 vs. Q1), adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.53 (CI: 1.29−1.81, p < 0.001). RCS regression indicated a curvilinear relationship between VAI and SUI (p = 0.003). In threshold analysis, aOR for developing SUI was 1.18 (CI: 1.11–1.26, p < 0.001) for participants with VAI < 4.73, suggesting an 18% increased risk of SUI with each unit increase in VAI. No association between VAI and SUI was observed when VAI was ≥4.73.

Conclusions

Our study has revealed a significant curvilinear relationship between VAI and SUI within a large and representative sample of women. Future research is necessary to evaluate the relationship between the two and explicate the underlying mechanisms of this relationship.
Partitioning method for the finite element approximation of a 3D fluid‐2D plate interaction system
Authors: Geredeli Pelin G. , Kunwar Hemanta , Lee Hyesuk
Published: August 2024

We consider the finite element approximation of a coupled fluid‐structure interaction (FSI) system, which comprises a three‐dimensional (3D) Stokes flow and a two‐dimensional (2D) fourth‐order Euler–Bernoulli or Kirchhoff plate. The interaction of these parabolic and hyperbolic partial differential equations (PDE) occurs at the boundary interface which is assumed to be fixed. The vertical displacement of the plate dynamics evolves on the flat portion of the boundary where the coupling conditions are implemented via the matching velocities of the plate and fluid flow, as well as the Dirichlet boundary trace of the pressure. This pressure term also acts as a coupling agent, since it appears as a forcing term on the flat, elastic plate domain. Our main focus in this work is to generate some numerical results concerning the approximate solutions to the FSI model. For this, we propose a numerical algorithm that sequentially solves the fluid and plate subsystems through an effective decoupling approach. Numerical results of test problems are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed method.
Taste Disorders After Middle Ear Surgery: Chorda Tympani Nerve Injury and Quality of Life
Authors: Lafargue Blandine , D'Andréa Grégoire , Fabre Roxane , Alshukry Abdallah , Vandersteen Clair , Guevara Nicolas
Published: August 2024

Objective

To evaluate taste disorders after middle ear surgery, their modifying factors especially chorda tympani nerve injury or underlying otologic disease. We investigated consequences of taste disorders on quality of life.

Study Design

Prospective cohort study.

Setting

Monocentric study in tertiary care center.

Methods

A total of 214 patients who underwent middle ear surgery were included. Data regarding taste disorders were collected by questionnaires over a 1‐year follow‐up period.

Results

Taste disorders were reported in 42.7% at 10 days, in 23.3% at 4 months, and in 9.2% 1 year postoperatively. When the chorda tympani nerve was initially healthy, taste disorders were more frequent after its transection throughout the follow‐up period. When it was involved in a cholesteatoma or inflammatory process, postoperative taste disorders were more frequent after nerve stretching. Postoperative discomfort in daily life was rated on the Likert scale at 3.5 out of 10. Dietary modifications were reported by 25.8% of patients, and mood alterations by 15% of patients.

Conclusion

Taste disorders are frequent after middle ear surgery although they mostly improve in the first months. When the CTN is healthy, cutting it leads to more taste disorders than stretching it, thus advocating its preservation to prevent these symptoms. However, in cases of pathological CTN, cutting this nerve, which is sometimes necessary to control the disease, is less likely to cause taste disorders than stretching it. These taste disorders are a source of discomfort and may present risks of dietary modifications and emotional impact.
An Investigation into the Influence of Graphene Content on Achieving a High‐Performance TiO2‐Graphene Nanocomposite Supercapacitor
Authors: Naghavi Negar , Jalaly Maisam , Mohammadi Samira , Mousavi‐Khoshdel S. Morteza
Published: August 2024

This study presents the synthesis of TiO2‐graphene nanocomposites with varying mass ratios of graphene (2.5, 5, 10, 20 wt. %) using a facile and cost‐effective hydrothermal approach. By integrating TiO2 nanoparticles with graphene, a nanomaterial characterized by a two‐dimensional structure, unique electrical conductivity and high specific surface area, the resulting hybrid material shows promise for application in supercapacitors. The nanocomposite specimens were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman microscopy, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Additionally, supercapacitive properties were investigated using a three‐electrode setup by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge‐discharge (GCD) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests. Notably, the TiO2‐20 wt. % rGO nanocomposite exhibited the highest specific capacitance of 624 F/g at 2 A/g, showcasing superior electrochemical performance. This specimen indicated a high rate capability and cyclic stability (93 % retention after 2000 cycles). Its remarkable energy density and power density of this sample designate it as a strong contender for practical supercapacitor applications.
A Comparative Study on Characteristics and Antibacterial Capacity of Cotton Fabrics Dyed with Reactive Dye and Diospyros Mollis Extract
Authors: Nguyen Trong Tuan , Nguyen Thuy Chinh , Nguyen Thi Thu Trang , Nguyen Manh Ha , Thai Hoang
Published: August 2024

This article focuses on comparing the characteristics of cotton fabric dyed with Diospyros mollis extract (DME) solution and that of cotton fabric dyed with the reactive dye. The parameters of the cotton fabric after dyeing with both types of dyes were assessed, including color strength (K/S), structural morphology, infrared spectrum, antibacterial properties, UV resistance, color fastness to washing, rubbing, light, moisture absorption, breathability, and wastewater indices. The obtained results show that the K/S value of cotton fabric dyed with DME solution is slightly lower than that of cotton fabric dyed with the reactive dye, 18.52 and 19.36, respectively. The cotton fabric dyed with the reactive dye does not exhibit antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, whereas the antibacterial effectiveness against these bacteria for cotton fabric dyed with DME solution is 99.99 %. The UV protection capability of cotton fabric dyed with DME solution is superior to cotton fabric dyed with the reactive dye. The BOD/COD ratio of wastewater from the dyeing process with DME is higher than that of the reactive dye, with values of 0.70 and 0.32, respectively. The findings of this study indicate the superior ability of using DME solution as compared to the reactive dye, which is promising as a natural dye for fabric in medical applications.