bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Clarity of Tectonic Lamellar Keratoplasty for Limbal Dermoids
Authors: Tomioka Yasufumi , Bato Kotomi , Suzuki Tomo , Wakimasu Koichi , Fukuoka Hideki , Okumura Naoki , Inatomi Tsutomu , Sotozono Chie , Kinoshita Shigeru
Published: February 2025

Purpose:

To investigate the long-term outcome of surgical intervention for limbal dermoids and to evaluate the safety and efficacy of tectonic lamellar keratoplasty.

Methods:

This retrospective cohort study included 86 eyes that underwent tectonic lamellar keratoplasty by 5 corneal surgeons at Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine and Baptist Eye Institute, Kyoto, Japan, from 1992 through 2024. The study subjects were categorized into 2 groups: group A, consisting of 35 eyes that underwent amblyopia treatment, and group B, consisting of 51 eyes that did not.

Results:

Kaplan–Meier survival analysis revealed 95.3% (82 of 86 eyes) maintained clear tectonic corneal grafts with healthy ocular surfaces postoperatively. Three eyes developed psudopterygium formation, and 1 eye developed a corneal infection. Improvement of 0.2 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution units or more because of preoperative amblyopia treatment was observed in 48.6% (17 of 35 eyes) in group A. Surgical intervention resulted in an improvement of 0.2 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution units or more in 25.7% (9 of 35 eyes) in group A, and 15.7% (8 of 51 eyes) in group B. One case of corneal infection resulted in decreased best-corrected visual acuity. No other cases exhibited best-corrected visual acuity deterioration.

Conclusions:

Tectonic lamellar keratoplasty can be performed safely with very few postoperative complications, maintaining long-term corneal clarity, reasonable visual acuity, and satisfactory cosmetic results.
Mapping the nanoscale organization of the human cell surface proteome reveals new functional associations and surface antigen clusters
Authors: Floyd Brendan M. , Schmidt Elizabeth L. , Till Nicholas A. , Yang Jonathan L. , Liao Pinyu , George Benson M. , Flynn Ryan A. , Bertozzi Carolyn R.
Published: February 2025

The cell surface is a dynamic interface that controls cell-cell communication and signal transduction relevant to organ development, homeostasis and repair, immune reactivity, and pathologies driven by aberrant cell surface phenotypes. The spatial organization of cell surface proteins is central to these processes. High-resolution fluorescence microscopy and proximity labeling have advanced studies of surface protein associations, but the spatial organization of the complete surface proteome remains uncharted. In this study, we systematically mapped the surface proteome of human T-lymphocytes and B-lymphoblasts using proximity labeling of 85 antigens, identified from over 100 antibodies tested for binding to surface-exposed proteins. These experiments were coupled with an optimized data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry workflow to generate a robust dataset. Unsupervised clustering of the resulting interactome revealed functional modules, including well-characterized complexes such as the T-cell receptor and HLA class I/II, alongside novel clusters. Notably, we identified mitochondrial proteins localized to the surface, including the transcription factor TFAM, suggesting previously unappreciated roles for mitochondrial proteins at the plasma membrane. A high-accuracy machine learning classifier predicted over 6,000 surface protein associations, highlighting functional associations such as IL10RB’s role as a negative regulator of type I interferon signaling. Spatial modeling of the surface proteome provided insights into protein dispersion patterns, distinguishing widely distributed proteins, such as CD45, from localized antigens, such as CD226 pointing to active mechanisms of regulating surface organization. This work provides a comprehensive map of the human surfaceome and a resource for exploring the spatial and functional dynamics of the cell membrane proteome.
Wolbachia feminizes a spider host with assistance from co-infecting symbionts
Authors: Mackevicius-Dubickaja Virginija , Gottlieb Yuval , White Jen A , Doremus Matthew R
Published: February 2025

Arthropods commonly harbor maternally-transmitted bacterial endosymbionts that manipulate host biology. Multiple heritable symbionts can co-infect the same individual, allowing these host-restricted bacteria to engage in cooperation or conflict, which can ultimately affect host phenotype. The spider Mermessus fradeorum is variably infected with up to five heritable symbionts: Rickettsiella (R), Tisiphia (T), and three strains of Wolbachia (W1-3). Quintuply infected spiders are feminized, causing genetic males to develop as phenotypic females and produce almost exclusively female offspring. By comparing feminization across nine infection combinations, we identified a feminizing strain of Wolbachia, W1. We also observed that spiders infected with both W1 and W3 produced ~10% more females than those lacking W3. This increase in feminization rate does not seem to be due to direct changes in W1 titer, nor does W1 titer correlate with feminization rate. Instead, we observed subtle titer interactions among symbionts, with lower relative abundance of R and T symbionts in strongly feminized infections. This synergistic effect of co-infection on Wolbachia feminization may help promote the spread of all five symbionts in spider populations. These results confirm the first instance of Wolbachia-induced feminization in spiders and demonstrate that co-infecting symbionts can improve the efficacy of symbiont-induced feminization.
Selective State Space Models Outperform Transformers at Predicting RNA-Seq Read Coverage
Authors: Holmes Ian , Linder Johannes , Kelley David
Published: February 2025

Transformers are the basis for many state-of-the-art machine learning tools, including those for predicting gene expression data from DNA sequence. The considerable time and cost of training transformer models has motivated development of alternative approaches inspired by ideas from the signal-processing literature, such as state-space models (Mamba), Fourier transforms (Hyena), and wavelet transforms (MultiResNet). To evaluate these methods as potential replacements (or complements) for attention, we developed a software library bilby, implemented using Python and Jax/Flax, providing convolutional, attention, bidirectional Hyena, bidirectional Mamba, and striped-architecture models for supervised multi-task learning in functional genomics. We report a comparison of these architectures, testing several hyperparameters and variations, and reporting performance statistics for the withheld test set as well as downstream SNP classifiers. Relative to models comprising convolution and attention layers (implemented in Python and TensorFlow via the Baskerville library used by the Borzoi software), models comprising convolutional, bidirectional Mamba, and (optionally) attention layers achieve small but consistent improvements in prediction accuracy, for roughly comparable training times and parameter counts, when averaged across all output tracks and data splits (a proportional increase of 3-4% in Pearson R, and 1-2% in r2, with the highest gains achieved when Mamba and attention layers were combined in a striped architecture). In contrast, Hyena (when reimplemented as described in the literature) was not competitive with attention-based models at these tasks, while MultiResNet proved too slow to be practical. The gains in prediction accuracy of the Mamba-based models do not yet translate to significantly improved performance on downstream SNP classification tasks: benchmarks using a GTEx eQTL dataset yield roughly similar results for Mamba- and attention-based classifiers, with attention marginally outperforming Mamba in one metric (a difference of +0.007 in area under ROC) and slightly underperforming by another metric (a difference of −0.006 in Spearman rank correlation). We argue that these results suggest selective state-space models (such as Mamba and Striped Mamba) warrant further exploration for functional genomics tasks. Our code and trained models are publicly available athttps://github.com/ihh/bilby.
Static morphogen scaling enables proportional growth in tissue growth model inspired by axolotl limb regeneration
Authors: Lyubaykina Natalia , Knapp Dunja , Tardivo Pietro , Sandoval-Guzman Tatiana , Friedrich Benjamin M.
Published: February 2025

Axolotls can regenerate lost limbs throughout their lives, while they continue to grow. This poses the question of how the size and pattern of a regenerating limb is matched to a widely varying animal size. Two interacting signaling molecules, SHH and FGF8, are produced at opposite sides of the regenerating limb and sustain tissue growth through a pair of oppositely-oriented signaling gradients. As the size of the regrowing tissue can vary more than three-fold depending on the size of the animal, it is unclear how the activities of these mutually dependent morphogens are maintained and subsequently terminated to determine appropriate growth. Scaling of limb regeneration suggests a size-dependent adaptation of morphogen gradient parameters. Inspired by this biological example, we theoretically investigate general mechanisms of morphogen-controlled growth arrest and proportional growth. In the proposed mechanism, tissue growth increases the spatial distance between the two morphogen gradients, thus providing negative feedback that eventually arrests morphogen activity and growth. We put forward two distinct scaling scenarios of morphogen gradients: either dynamic scaling with blastema size, where morphogen gradient parameters change dynamically with the growing tissue, or static scaling with animal size, where morphogen gradient parameters stay constant during blastema growth and only depend on animal size. We show that static scaling ensures proportional growth, but dynamic scaling does not. We compare theory predictions to experimental quantification of SHH and FGF8 morphogen gradient parameters at different time-points of regeneration in different-sized animals, indicating static scaling for some morphogen parameters, which is sufficient to ensure proportional growth in our model.
The molecular basis for DNA-binding by competence T4P is distinct in Gram-positive and Gram-negative species
Authors: Christman Nicholas D. , Dalia Ankur B.
Published: February 2025

Competence type IV pili (T4P) are bacterial surface appendages that facilitate DNA uptake during horizontal gene transfer by natural transformation. These dynamic structures actively extend from the cell surface, bind to DNA in the environment, and then retract to import bound DNA into the cell. Competence T4P are found in diverse Gram-negative (diderm) and Gram-positive (monoderm) bacterial species. While the mechanism of DNA-binding by diderm competence T4P has been the recent focus of intensive study, relatively little is known about DNA-binding by monoderm competence T4P. Here, we useStreptococcus pneumoniaeas a model system to address this question. Competence T4P likely bind to DNA via a tip-associated complex of proteins called minor pilins, and recent work highlights a high degree of structural conservation between the minor pilin tip complexes of monoderm and diderm competence T4P. In diderms, positively charged residues in one minor pilin, FimT, are critical for DNA-binding. We show that while these residues are conserved in ComGD, the FimT homolog of monoderms, they only play a minor role in DNA uptake for natural transformation. Instead, we find that two-positively charged residues in the neighboring minor pilin, ComGF (the PilW homolog of monoderms), play the dominant role in DNA uptake for natural transformation. Furthermore, we find that these residues are conserved in other monoderms, but not diderms. Together, these results suggest that the molecular basis for DNA-binding has either diverged or evolved independently in monoderm and diderm competence T4P.

AUTHOR SUMMARY

Diverse bacteria use extracellular structures called competence type IV pili (T4P) to take up DNA from their environment. The uptake of DNA by T4P is the first step of natural transformation, a mode of horizontal gene transfer that contributes to the spread of antibiotic resistance and virulence traits in diverse clinically relevant Gram-negative (diderm) and Gram-positive (monoderm) bacterial species. While the mechanism of DNA binding by competence T4P in diderms has been an area of recent study, relatively little is known about how monoderm competence T4P bind DNA. Here, we explore how monoderm competence T4P bind DNA usingStreptococcus pneumoniaeas a model system. Our results indicate that while monoderm T4P and diderm T4P likely have conserved structural features, the DNA-binding mechanism of each system is distinct.
Effective quantum feature maps in quantum extreme reservoir computation from the
XY
model
Authors: Hayashi Aoi , Sakurai Akitada , Munro William J. , Nemoto Kae
Published: February 2025

It is well known in quantum machine learning that the form of the feature map has a significant effect on the operation and performance of those tasks being undertaken. It is essential to investigate how to generate an effective feature map within the limitations of the number of qubits and quantum gates to apply in noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices. In this paper, we explore how the qubit connectivity impacts the performance of quantum extreme reservoir computation (QERC) for image classification using the Hamiltonian. We find that networks of qubits with simple connectivity generate an effective feature map, whereas a network with high connectivity does not since the Hamiltonian on it yields a unitary map with a periodic property. The existence of the periodicity can be fully determined by the underlying connectivity and the overall symmetry of the Hamiltonian. However, the symmetries in the Hamiltonians can contribute to a better generalization for QERC. We further find that it is possible to design QERC to give this high generalization property while maintaining high accuracy. Our work suggests that Hamiltonian dynamics with simple connectivity or symmetry can be exploited as a computational resource in quantum machine learning.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Quantum state estimation of multipartite single-photon path entanglement via local measurements
Authors: Shimizu Hikaru , Yoshimoto Joe , Tanji Kazufumi , Hosaka Aruto , Ishi-Hayase Junko , Horikiri Tomoyuki , Ikuta Rikizo , Takeoka Masahiro
Published: February 2025

Multipartite entanglement plays a critical role in various applications of quantum internet. In these applications, the entanglement is usually shared by the distant parties. Experimentally, the distributed entanglement should be estimated by only local measurements. Furthermore, for network experiments, it is desirable to employ measurement techniques that are straightforward to implement. In this paper, we propose a method to measure arbitrary multipartite single-photon path entangled states by only local measurements. By considering practically reasonable assumptions, our method is relatively easy to implement. We experimentally demonstrate the utility of this method by reconstructing the density matrix of a 3-qubit W state.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Elastic and inelastic electron scattering cross sections of trichlorofluoromethane
Authors: Dinger M. , Park Y. , Baek W. Y.
Published: February 2025

Differential elastic electron scattering cross sections of trichlorofluoromethane (CCl3F) were measured over a broad energy range spanning 30 to 800 eV in the angular range of 20° to 150°. The experimental results were compared with calculations using the IAM-SCAR+I model. Satisfactory agreements between both data sets were found for electron energies above 200 eV within experimental uncertainties, whereas significant deviations of up to 100% were observed at electron energies below 60 eV. In addition to the measurements of differential elastic-scattering cross sections, total inelastic-scattering cross sections of CCl3F were calculated using the spherical complex optical potential model. These calculations closely match experimental total ionization cross sections available in the literature for energies below 50 eV. The sum of the experimental total elastic-scattering cross sections and the theoretical total inelastic-scattering cross sections aligns very well with the total electron scattering cross sections of CCl3F measured by other groups across the entire energy range (30 to 800 eV), demonstrating the consistency among these three cross sections.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Theoretical framework for enhancing or enabling cooling of a mechanical resonator via the anti-Stokes or Stokes interaction and zero-photon detection
Authors: Clarke Jack , Cryer-Jenkins Evan A. , Gupta Arjun , Major Kyle D. , Zhang Jinglei , Enzian Georg , Szczykulska Magdalena , Leung Anthony C. , Rathee Harsh , Svela Andreas Ø. , Tan Anthony K. C. , Beige Almut , Mølmer Klaus , Vanner Michael R.
Published: February 2025

We develop a theoretical framework to describe how zero-photon detection may be utilized to enhance optomechanical laser cooling via the anti-Stokes interaction and, somewhat surprisingly, enable cooling via the Stokes interaction commonly associated with heating. Our description includes both pulsed and continuous measurements as well as optical detection efficiency and open-system dynamics. For both cases, we discuss how the cooling depends on the system parameters such as detection efficiency and optomechanical cooperativity, and we study the continuous-measurement-induced dynamics, contrasting with single-photon-detection events. For the Stokes case, we explore the interplay between cooling and heating via optomechanical parametric amplification, and we find the minimum efficiency required to cool a mechanical oscillator via zero-photon detection. This work serves as a companion article to our recent experiment [E. A. Cryer-Jenkins , ], which demonstrated enhanced laser cooling of a mechanical oscillator via zero-photon detection on the anti-Stokes signal. The cooling techniques developed here can be applied to a wide range of areas including nonclassical state preparation, quantum thermodynamics, and avoiding the often unwanted heating effects of parametric amplification.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Quasiparticle wave function and its equation of motion
Authors: Aryasetiawan F. , Karlsson K.
Published: February 2025

The quasiparticle wave function of a many-electron system is traditionally defined as the eigenfunction of the quasiparticle eigenvalue equation involving the self-energy. In this article a different concept of a quasiparticle wave function is derived from the general definition of the Green's function without reference to self-energy. The proposed quasiparticle wave function can decay in time, and in contrast to the traditional one it contains not only the main quasiparticle mode but also other modes due to coupling to collective excitations in the system. In the recently developed dynamical exchange-correlation potential formalism, this definition of a quasiparticle wave function leads to an equation of motion with an effective field, which appears to have a simple form expected to be amenable to realistic approximations. A simple model for the effective potential is proposed which is suitable for materials whose valence electrons are dominated by itinerant s−p electrons such as simple metals.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Subradiant entanglement in plasmonic nanocavities
Authors: Bedingfield Kalun , Yuen Ben , Demetriadou Angela
Published: February 2025

Plasmonic nanocavities are known for their extreme field enhancement and subwavelength light confinement in gaps of just a few nanometers. Pairing this with the ability to host quantum emitters, they form highly promising platforms to control or engineer quantum states at room temperature. Here, we use the lossy nature of plasmonic nanocavities to form subradiant entangled states between two or more quantum emitters, that persist for ∼100 times longer than the plasmonic excitation. We develop a theoretical description that directly links quantum variables to experimentally measurable quantities, such as the extinction cross section, and unlike previous studies includes plasmonic excitations necessary to resonantly form subradiant states. This work paves the way towards engineering quantum entangled states in ambient conditions with plasmonic nanocavities.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Boost-invariant spin hydrodynamics with spin feedback effects
Authors: Drogosz Zbigniew , Florkowski Wojciech , Łygan Natalia , Ryblewski Radoslaw
Published: February 2025

A recently formulated extension of perfect spin hydrodynamics, which includes second-order corrections in the spin polarization tensor to the energy-momentum tensor and baryon current, is studied in the case of a one-dimensional boost-invariant expansion. The presence of second-order corrections introduces feedback from spin dynamics on the hydrodynamic background, constraining possible spin polarization configurations. However, as long as the magnitude of the spin polarization tensor remains small (below unity in natural units), the permitted spin dynamics differs very little from that found in the case without the second-order corrections.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Detailed nuclear structure calculations for coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering
Authors: Khaleq Raghda Abdel , Newstead Jayden L. , Simenel Cedric , Stuchbery Andrew E.
Published: February 2025

Any discovery of “new physics” in the neutrino sector will first require a precise baseline prediction of the expected Standard Model cross section. While coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEvNS) experiments are currently statistics limited, upcoming and future experiments at larger scales will be systematics limited. At this point it will be necessary to improve the theoretical predictions to improve the experimental sensitivity. Here we review the calculation of the CEvNS cross section in a consistent theory of hadronic currents and compute the relevant nuclear form factors using the nuclear shell model. The uncertainty on the form factors is explored by repeating the calculation for various shell model interactions and with Skyme-Hartree-Fock evaluations of the weak-charge radii. We then refine the Standard Model predictions for the recent experimental results of the COHERENT experiment. We find that our cross sections are in good agreement with previous predictions, but with significantly smaller uncertainties. Near-future CEvNS experiments will meaningfully benefit from improved predictions through an increased sensitivity to new-physics signals.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Forward parton-nucleus scattering at next-to-eikonal accuracy in the color glass condensate
Authors: Altinoluk Tolga , Beuf Guillaume , Mulani Swaleha
Published: February 2025

We derive the full next-to-eikonal (NEik) corrections to the gluon propagator from before to after traversing a highly boosted gluon background field, including corrections both beyond the shockwave limit and beyond the static limit in particular. After summarizing the results of the full NEik corrections to the before-to-after quark propagator computed in our earlier works, we also derive the before-to-inside, inside-to-inside, and inside-to-after quark and gluon propagators, which are building blocks to calculate high-energy scattering processes at NEik order. Using these results and also including the NEik corrections that stem from interactions with the target via t-channel quark exchanges, we compute inclusive cross sections for quark and gluon production at forward rapidities in quark-nucleus and gluon-nucleus scatterings at NEik accuracy.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Hadron colliders signatures of lepton number violation in the type II seesaw model
Authors: Bolton Patrick D. , Kriewald Jonathan , Nemevšek Miha , Nesti Fabrizio , Vasquez Juan Carlos
Published: February 2025

We examine the prospect of observing genuine lepton-number-violating (LNV) signals at hadron colliders in the context of the type II seesaw mechanism. The model features smoking gun signals involving same-sign di-leptons and jets that may be the primary observable channel in certain regions of the parameter space. The flavor composition of final-state charged leptons is related to the origin of neutrino masses and is correlated with other rare processes, such as neutrinoless double-beta decay. We review existing collider limits and provide sensitivity estimates from LNV signals at upcoming Large Hadron Collider runs, including nonzero mass splittings between triplet components.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Searching for ultralight dark matter through frequency modulation of gravitational waves
Authors: Blas Diego , Gasparotto Silvia , Vicente Rodrigo
Published: February 2025

Ultralight bosons, naturally appearing in well-motivated extensions to the Standard Model, can constitute all the dark matter. Models with particle mass close to the smallest phenomenologically allowed exhibit coherent field configurations at (sub)galactic scales, oscillating at a frequency corresponding to the fundamental mass of the dark matter particle. The gravitational field of these structures inherits the dark matter field’s coherent oscillations, leaving an imprint on gravitational (and electromagnetic) waves sourced close to (or in) such overdensities. This happens via a heterodyning frequency modulation, which can later be decoded in a gravitational-wave detector. An analogous effect occurs in models with universal (conformal) couplings of ultralight bosons with ordinary matter, generated by the direct interaction with the oscillating field. In this work, we explore this phenomenon in detail and assess the capability of near-future interferometers to probe ultralight dark matter and its potential conformal couplings to matter. Using astrophysical population models, together with results from cosmological simulations, we find that the observation of gravitational waves from spinning neutron stars at the Galactic Center with the Einstein Telescope/Cosmic Explorer would be particularly effective in constraining ultralight dark matter.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Geometric template bank for the detection of spinning low-mass compact binaries with moderate orbital eccentricity
Authors: Phukon Khun Sang , Schmidt Patricia , Pratten Geraint
Published: February 2025

Compact binaries on eccentric orbits are another class of gravitational-wave (GW) sources that can provide a wealth of information on binary formation pathways and astrophysical environments. However, historically, eccentricity is often neglected in modeled GW searches for compact binaries. We show that currently used modeled searches that employ quasicircular template banks are highly ineffectual in detecting binary neutron star (BNS) and neutron star-black hole (NSBH) systems with orbital eccentricities in the range of [10−5,0.15] at a GW frequency of 15 Hz. For populations of moderately eccentric BNS and NSBH binaries with (anti)aligned component spins, we demonstrate that quasicircular template banks fail to detect up to ∼40% of such systems. To alleviate these inefficiencies, we develop the first template bank for the search of BNSs and NSBH binaries that includes masses, (anti)aligned spins and moderate eccentricity. Utilizing the post-Newtonian inspiral waveform and a global coordinate transformation, we construct a globally flat metric to efficiently place eccentric templates. Our geometric template bank is highly effectual, and significantly improves the recovery of eccentric signals with less than 6% of signals missed due to the finite template spacing in the bank.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Canonical analysis of unimodular Plebański gravity
Authors: Gielen Steffen , Nash Elliot
Published: February 2025

We present the canonical analysis of different versions of unimodular gravity defined in the Plebański formalism, based on a (generally complex) SO(3) spin connection and set of (self-dual) two-forms. As in the metric formulation of unimodular gravity, one can study either a theory with fixed volume form or work in a parametrized formalism in which the cosmological constant becomes a dynamical field, constrained to be constant by the field equations. In the first case, the Hamiltonian density contains a part which is not constrained to vanish, but rather constrained to be constant, again as in the metric formulation. We also discuss reality conditions and challenges in extracting Lorentzian solutions.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
ϕn
trajectory bootstrap
Authors: Li Wenliang
Published: February 2025

We perform an extensive bootstrap study of Hermitian and non-Hermitian theories based on the novel analytic continuation of ⟨ϕn⟩ or ⟨(iϕ)n⟩ in n. We first use the quantum harmonic oscillator to illustrate various aspects of the ϕn trajectory bootstrap method, such as the large n expansion, matching conditions, exact quantization condition, and high energy asymptotic behavior. Then we derive highly accurate solutions for the anharmonic oscillators with the parity invariant potential V(ϕ)=ϕ2+ϕm and the PT invariant potential V(ϕ)=−(iϕ)m for a large range of integral m, showing the high efficiency and general applicability of this new bootstrap approach. For the Hermitian quartic and non-Hermitian cubic oscillators, we further verify that the noninteger n results for ⟨ϕn⟩ or ⟨(iϕ)n⟩ are consistent with those from the wave function approach. In the PT invariant case, the existence of ⟨(iϕ)n⟩ with noninteger n allows us to bootstrap the non-Hermitian theories with noninteger powers, such as fractional and irrational m.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Fermionic van der Waals and Casimir-Polder interactions
Authors: Fosco C. D. , Hansen G.
Published: February 2025

We formulate fermionic versions, for any number of spatial dimensions, of the van der Waals and Casimir-Polder interactions and study their properties. In both cases, the systems we introduce contain localized “atoms”: two-level systems, coupled to a vacuum Dirac field. This Dirac field plays here a role akin to the electromagnetic field in the van der Waals case. In this context, bag model conditions for the Dirac field serve as the analog of the “mirror” in the Casimir-Polder effect. We found that, in this case, the resulting interaction is repulsive.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Carroll limit of a one-loop effective action
Authors: Vassilevich Dmitri
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we consider a Carroll magnetic limit of a one-loop scalar effective action. We work on general static backgrounds and compute both divergent and finite parts of the effective action in this limit. We show that the divergent part can be removed by adding local counterterms. The finite part is related to an effective action in a lower dimensional theory which however does not coincide in general with the one obtained by a Carroll limit in the classical counterpart.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Resummation of multistress tensors in higher dimensions
Authors: Huang Kuo-Wei
Published: February 2025

In the context of holographic conformal field theories (CFTs), a system of linear partial differential equations was recently proposed to be the higher-dimensional analog of the null-state equations in d=2 CFTs at large central charge. Solving these equations in a near-light-cone expansion yields solutions that match the minimal-twist multistress tensor contributions to a heavy-light four-point correlator (or a thermal two-point correlator) computed using holography, the conformal bootstrap, and other methods. This paper explores the exact solutions to these equations. We begin by observing that, in an expansion in terms of the ratio between the heavy operator’s dimension and the central charge, the d=2 correlator involving the level-two degenerate scalars at each order can be represented as a Bessel function; the resummation yields the Virasoro vacuum block. We next observe a relation between the d=2 correlator and the d=4 near-light-cone correlator involving light scalars with the same conformal dimension. The resummed d=4 correlator takes a simple form in the complex frequency domain. Unlike the Virasoro vacuum block, the resummation in d=4 leads to essential singularities. Similar expressions are also obtained when the light scalar’s dimension takes other finite values. These CFT results correspond to a holographic computation with a spherical black hole. In addition, using the differential equations, we demonstrate that the correlators can be reconstructed via certain modes. In d=2, these modes are related to the Virasoro algebra.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Plasmon-Enhanced Direct-Detection Method for Boosted Sub-MeV Dark Matter
Authors: Liang Zheng-Liang , Su Liangliang , Wu Lei , Zhu Bin
Published: February 2025

A plasmon, a collective mode of electronic excitation in solid-state detectors, provides a novel way to detect light dark matter (DM). In this work, we present the conditions of DM to produce a plasmon resonance, requiring relativistic velocities for light DM, and generalize the collective excitation framework to account for relativistic DM. As a demonstration, we consider the cosmic ray boosted DM and find that the plasmon resonance can be significantly enhanced in the scenario with a light mediator. Utilizing the first data from the SENSEI experiment with the skipper CCDs at SNOLAB, we obtain a new strong limit on the sub-MeV DM-electron scattering cross section.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Hunting Dark Matter Lines in the Infrared Background with the James Webb Space Telescope
Authors: Janish Ryan , Pinetti Elena
Published: February 2025

Dark matter particles with a mass around 1 eV can decay into near-infrared photons. Utilizing available public blank sky observations from the NIRSpec IFU on the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), we search for a narrow emission line due to decaying dark matter and derive leading constraints in the mass range 0.8–3 eV on the decay rate to photons, and more specifically, on the axion-photon coupling for the case of axionlike particles. We exclude τ<3.5×1026  s at mDM≃0.8  eV and, in the case of axions, gaγγ>1.3×10−11  GeV−1 for ma≃2.2  eV. Our results do not rely on dedicated observations, rather we use blank sky observations intended for sky subtraction, and thus our reach may be automatically strengthened as JWST continues to observe.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
All Planar Two-Loop Amplitudes in Maximally Supersymmetric Yang-Mills Theory
Authors: Spiering Anne , Wilhelm Matthias , Zhang Chi
Published: February 2025

We calculate the general planar dual-conformally invariant double-pentagon and pentabox integrals in four dimensions. Concretely, we derive onefold integral representations for these elliptic integrals over polylogarithms of weight three. These integral representations allow us to determine the respective symbols using consistency conditions alone. Together with the previously calculated double-box integral, these integrals suffice to express all two-loop planar scattering amplitudes in maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory in four dimensions—which we thus calculate for any number of particles and any helicity configuration.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Geometric contribution to adiabatic amplification in non-Hermitian systems
Authors: Ozawa Tomoki , Schomerus Henning
Published: February 2025

Concepts from non-Hermitian quantum mechanics have proven useful in understanding and manipulating a variety of classical systems, such as those encountered in optics, classical mechanics, and metamaterial design. Recently, the non-Hermitian analog of the Berry phase for adiabatic processes was experimentally measured. In non-Hermitian systems, the Berry phase can have an imaginary part, which contributes to the amplification or decay of the total wave intensity. When the imaginary part of the Berry curvature is zero, this geometric amplification factor is determined solely by the initial and final points of the adiabatic path in parameter space, and it does not depend on how these points are connected by the path. We list classes of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians where this path independence is guaranteed by suitable symmetries, and we find that, for some of these classes, the amplification factor can be written only in terms of the Petermann factors of the initial and final points. Our result can, in turn, be used to experimentally obtain the Petermann factor by observing how the norm of the wave function changes under adiabatic processes. We validate our theory using a couple of concrete examples of physical relevance.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Electronic states in superconducting type-II Dirac semimetal: 1T-PdSeTe
Authors: Kumar Yogendra , Kumar Shiv , Yenugonda Venkateswara , Oishi Ryohei , Nayak Jayita , Chen Chaoyu , Singh Ravi Prakash , Onimaru Takahiro , Shimura Yasuyuki , Ideta Shin-ichiro , Shimada Kenya
Published: February 2025

We have investigated the surface and bulk electronic structures of the superconducting type-II Dirac semimetal 1T-PdSeTe. The superconducting transition temperature Tc=3.2 K was almost twice as high as Tc=1.6 K in 1T-PdTe2. Scanning transmission electron microscopy measurements showed homogeneously mixed Se and Te atoms in the chalcogen layers, consistent with the CdI2-type crystal structure. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements and density functional theory calculations indicated the existence of the topological surface states, and the overall band structures were similar to those of 1T-PdTe2. These results suggest that the CdI2-type lattice symmetry dictates the band dispersion, regardless of atomic disorder in the chalcogen layers. As the electronic band dispersion and the local structures were persistent upon substitution, the enhancement of Tc is likely associated with the chemical pressure. Our results provide insight into the effects of the solid solution on the surface and bulk electronic states as well as the superconducting transition temperature.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Permanent oscillations and solitary wave behavior in flatband Heisenberg quantum spin systems
Authors: Eckseler Jannis , Schnack Jürgen
Published: February 2025

Research on the emergence of thermodynamics in closed quantum systems under unitary time evolution arrived at the consensus that generic systems equilibrate under rather general assumptions. A new focus of the field is thus on exceptions. Persistent oscillations are one possible hallmark of nonergodic time evolution. While time-crystalline behavior results from, e.g., many-body localization, here we show that ever-revolving solitary waves emerge in flatband Heisenberg quantum spin systems. This phenomenon is rather general for a variety of frustrated spin systems in one, two, and three dimensions as well as for Hubbard systems.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Observation of Quantum Thermalization Restricted to Hilbert Space Fragments and
Z2k
Scars
Authors: Zhao Luheng , Datla Prithvi Raj , Tian Weikun , Aliyu Mohammad Mujahid , Loh Huanqian
Published: February 2025

Quantum thermalization occurs in a broad class of systems from elementary particles to complex materials. Out-of-equilibrium quantum systems have long been understood to either thermalize or retain memory of their initial states, but not both. Here, we achieve the first coexistence of thermalization and memory in a quantum system, where we use both Rydberg blockade and facilitation in an atom array to engineer a fragmentation of the Hilbert space into exponentially many disjointed subspaces. We find that the kinetically constrained system yields quantum many-body scars arising from the Z2k class of initial states, which generalizes beyond the Z2 scars previously reported in other quantum systems. When bringing multiple long-range interactions into resonance, we observe quantum thermalization restricted to Hilbert space fragments, where the thermalized system retains characteristics of the initial configuration. Intriguingly, states belonging to different subspaces do not thermalize with each other even when they have the same energy. Our work sheds light on a subtle aspect of quantum thermalization while experimentally resolving the long-standing tension between thermalization and memory. These results may be applied to control entanglement dynamics in quantum processors and quantum sensors.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
What drives consumers to continually use food delivery apps? The moderating role of coupon proneness
Authors: Joshi Richa , Garg Prerna , Kumar Sachin , Dhiman Neeraj
Published: February 2025

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to understand the consumer’s continued intention of using food delivery apps (FDAs) by examining the value derived from benefits and challenges concerning their usage. Further, the study tested coupon proneness as a moderator to explain the relationship between perceived value and continued intention.

Design/methodology/approach

A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 240 FDA users, adapting a questionnaire from previous studies and measuring responses on a five-point Likert scale. The data was analyzed using structural equation modelling through AMOS to test the proposed framework.

Findings

The findings of the study demonstrate that the benefits of using FDAs positively influence the perceived value, whereas the challenges of using FDAs negatively influence the perceived value of the customer while using the app. Also, coupon proneness significantly moderates the relationship between perceived value and continued intention to use the app.

Originality/value

The present study modified the value-based adoption model by including three more benefits and one challenge concerning the usage of FDAs, and it also included coupon proneness as a moderator in the relationship between perceived value and continued intention to use the FDA.
Livestreaming in events: a systematic literature review and research agenda
Authors: Khan Safdar , Sujood  , Rehman Asad , Kareem Saima , Al Rousan Ramzi
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This systematic literature review (SLR) seeks to thoroughly investigate and synthesize existing research primarily focused on the role and impact of livestreaming technologies in the events industry. The review aims to uncover key trends and strategies associated with the integration of livestreaming in several event settings, including conferences, concerts and virtual events.

Design/methodology/approach

Employing a systematic approach, this review involves a meticulous search of the Scopus database and relevant literature using a predefined search string. The search is tailored to capture studies that specifically address livestreaming, with a focus on events such as conferences, concerts and other public gatherings.

Findings

This SLR uncovers the findings related to various aspects of livestreaming at events. Key areas of interest include the strategies employed by event organizers, audience experiences, technical requirements, monetization models, social media integration and the suitability of livestreaming in different event categories. By synthesizing the findings from the selected studies, this review provides an integrated framework of how livestreaming technologies impact event management, engagement and overall audience satisfaction.

Research limitations/implications

While striving for comprehensiveness, this SLR acknowledges potential limitations inherent in the available literature. Variability in research methodologies, publication biases and evolving technologies may introduce limitations. Additionally, the scope is limited to English-language publications within the specified subject areas. These limitations will be transparently discussed to guide future studies and promote the efficient utilization of livestreaming technologies in the events industry.

Originality/value

The originality of this SLR hinges on its thorough examination of the current state of knowledge on livestreaming technologies in events. The identification of trends and strategies will offer valuable insights for both scholars and practitioners, guiding future research directions and informing strategic decision-making in the dynamic field of event management.
Factors causing electric vehicles adoption in India: a regression and sentiment analysis approach
Authors: Pandey Ashutosh , Singh Sanjay Kumar , Srivastava Harshit Kumar , Pandey Sweety
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Based on the available literature, this paper aims to build a theoretical framework identifying the following five factors influencing electric vehicle (EV) adoption: 1) demographic factors, 2) environmental factors, 3) infrastructural factors, 4) economic factors and 5) fiscal policy factors. The authors then identified the variables representing these factors and built a linear regression model. The authors collected cross-sectional data of the identified variables of Indian states and estimated the regression model using the ordinary least squares method.

Design/methodology/approach

India has witnessed a rapid adoption of EVs in the two-wheelers and three-wheelers segment. The paper aims to identify the factors influencing EV adoption in India.

Findings

The estimated results indicate that EV adoption is significantly increasing in India due to the rising population and increasing number of power charging stations. The authors also found that government policy incentives have no significant impact on EV adoption.

Practical implications

The study’s findings and the recommended changes in India’s current EV policy aim to help policymakers achieve faster adoption of EVs in India.

Originality/value

The authors further conducted a sentiment analysis of the people’s comments on popular YouTube videos and found that most people have negative sentiments towards EV adoption because of battery-related problems and range anxiety.