bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Charity to Right
Authors: Mayeux Sara
Published: May 2021

Using a case study of Massachusetts, this chapter traces a shift between the 1930s and the 1950s in how elite lawyers framed the problem of indigent defense—from a problem for private charity to a constitutional right requiring public support. By the 1930s, lawyers in several cities had established voluntary defender organizations as a private charitable alternative to the public defender. Meanwhile, a series of Supreme Court cases, interpreting the due process requirement of the Fourteenth Amendment, steadily expanded the constitutional right to counsel in criminal trials, culminating in the 1942 decision of Betts v. Brady. Voluntary defenders typically had volatile funding, and lawyers increasingly worried that these private organizations lacked adequate resources to fulfill the expanding constitutional mandate to provide counsel for indigent defendants. By the 1950s, many lawyers worried that private charity was inadequate to satisfy a constitutional right, and increasingly viewed the public defender as preferable to the voluntary defender.
Democratic Justice
Authors: Mayeux Sara
Published: May 2021

In contrast to earlier periods when elite lawyers expressed skepticism of the public defender, this chapter describes the Cold War moment when elite lawyers, like the New York lawyer Harrison Tweed, celebrated the public defender as central to the “American way of life.” By the 1950s, lawyers and political leaders touted the rights that U.S. Constitution afforded to criminal defendants as hallmarks of democracy. These rights were thought to exemplify democratic regard for the individual, in contrast to the state-dominated show trials that symbolized totalitarianism. Within this context, criminal defense attorneys were rhetorically celebrated and the public defender was reframed from a harbinger of socialism into an anticommunist figure. In 1963, the Supreme Court issued its landmark decision in Gideon v. Wainwright, further enshrining the constitutional right to counsel. Gideon held that the Sixth Amendment requires states to provide counsel to indigent defendants in all serious felony trials. The decision was celebrated and chronicled in the widely read book by journalist Anthony Lewis, Gideon’s Trumpet, and the Ford Foundation announced ambitious plans for a nationwide initiative to expand public defender offices.
Local Injustice
Authors: Mayeux Sara
Published: May 2021

With snapshots of Massachusetts and Mississippi, among other examples, this chapter continues to trace how the implementation of Gideon v. Wainwright fell short of expectations in local communities. In particular, it examines some of the efforts funded by the National Defender Project, an initiative of the Ford Foundation and the National Legal Aid and Defender Association (NLADA). This initiative funded the establishment and expansion of public defender offices around the country. Yet many challenges remained. Criminal defendants themselves complained that public defenders did not sufficiently understand their circumstances—spurring new experiments like the “community defender,” a new model of public defender with stronger ties to the neighborhoods where many defendants lived. By the early 1970s, as indigent defense reformers continued to navigate these challenges, the government had declared “War on Crime” and criminal caseloads had begun to rise—early harbingers of the phenomenon later labelled mass incarceration. Over the course of the twentieth century, lawyers had coalesced in theory around the idea of the public defender as a means to guarantee equality in the criminal courts, but remained unsuccessful at fully implementing that idea around the country.
On the issue of carrying out educational work with convictOn the issue of carrying out educational work with convicts registered with the penal inspectoratesctorates
Authors:   Federal Governmental Institution «Research Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia», LAKINA IRINA A. , PITKEVICH LIDIYA P. ,   Federal Governmental Institution «Research Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia»
Published: May 2021

Abstract. The article considers the specific features of educational work with convicts registered with the penal inspectorates. The subject of the article was domestic legislation and scientific literature on the topic under study. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the importance of educational work with the considered category of convicts. The methodological basis of the study was a combination of general scientific, sociological and special legal methods. The work is based on the analytical method, synthesis, induction, system-structural, formal-logical and technical-legal methods. As a result of the work carried out, problematic issues and the specifics of educational work with convicts to punishments not related to the isolation of convicts from society have been investigated. Conclusions are drawn about the importance of such educational work, and proposals are made to improve this work conducted with convicts registered with criminal executive inspectorates. Key words: punishments not related to the isolation of the convicted person from society, educational work, penal inspectorates.
The Perfect Man as the Crown of All-cosmic Existence in Ibn ʼArabi’s Thought
Authors: Čemo Kenan
Published: May 2021

In Sufism, the character and work of the Sufi master Muḥyid-dīn Ibn ʽArabī (d. 1240) is taken as pivotal. The questions and problems of spiritual anthropology are at the center of his attention. Ibn ʽArabī teaches that the cause of all creation is the Perfect Man, the earthly manifestation (maẓhar) of the metaphysical Muḥammadan Reality manifested by the Breath of the All-Merciful by which the river of God’s manifestations originated. That Breath was nothing else but a result of Divine love or longing for seeing Self in the other, which is the basic impulse of the entire cosmic movement. It is the Perfect Man that is the perfect polished mirror, in which divine Names and Attributes are reflected. Only by it, the world continues its existence, which means that at any given moment there have to be perfect men.
Finally, those are the questions that are bringing us back to Ibn ‘Arabi’s famous existential theomonism دوجولا ةدحو) ) or singularity of the Being. Theory of the Perfect Man shows it as well. Exactly through it,
we are capable to envisage such important transmission of the transcendence into immanent.
The Role of Collaboration and Coordination In Social Work Practice
Authors: Šerić Nedreta
Published: May 2021

Social work, in the theoretical discourse, is an interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary occupation. This fact has been confirmed throughout the history of the development of social work and has inevitably been reflected in practice. Social workers need to collaborate and coordinate, in everyday practice, with different services, agencies, institutions, and organizations. There is a legal framework for a multi-sector approach, namely for the participation of stakeholders from the governmental, non-governmental, civil, and private sectors, but also from the ranks of religious communities and individuals. The focus of this paper is to analyze the role of collaboration and coordination through the scope of theory and practice, in different areas of professional practice of social work. Collaboration is important on many different levels, as well as coordination of agendas designed by different stakeholders. Perceived as connective elements, collaboration and coordination make way for more efficient social activities, optimal use of resources, and timely social reaction to different issues and social needs of a specific local community. In a wider context, this also leads to raising the level of efficiency, which is a significant issue in contemporary social work practice. Furthermore, this paper will also shed a light on possibilities and limitations, causes, and reasons for collaboration, as well as on different kinds of collaboration and problems in the process of establishing and maintaining the collaboration. The paper also includes legal background and research focused on collaboration and coordination in social work.
Obstacles in Exercising Social Rights in The Social Protection System Concerning The Forms of Services Provision
Authors: Pandžić Asim
Published: May 2021

This paper analyzes the assessment of the approach in exercising social rights within the social protection system in Bosnia and Herzegovina concerning the obstacles arising from the forms of assistance and services in the institutions of the social protection system. The European concept of good practice of social rights and obstacles to their implementation was presented. Special attention is given to the obstacles related to the management and procedures in social institutions that arise from the forms of service provision. The methods used in the paper are the method of content analysis of the documents and the test method. The sample consists of a total of 306 respondents from Bosnia and Herzegovina:43 creators of social protection policies from 23 institutions, 133 providers of social protection services from 40 institutions (114 centers for social work, 10 institutions of social protection, and 9 nongovernmental organizations) and 130 social protection beneficiaries. For data collection, a special instrument was developed in the form of survey questionnaires for each group of respondents. For data analysis and hypothesis testing, the technique of sorting and statistical data processing was implemented by using the statistical package SPSS. Based on the analysis of empirical results, it was concluded that there are obstacles in the institutions of the social protection system of Bosnia and Herzegovina concerning the forms of assistance and services that affect the exercise of social protection rights. Identified obstacles relate to the management and procedures in social protection institutions and concern inadequate reception of beneficiaries, lack of general satisfactory conditions (technical, human, financial...), the inadequacy of information programs, low representation of fieldwork, as well as inconsistency of working hours with needs of beneficiaries.
Analisa Berpikir Statistis Siswa Berdasarkan Gaya kognitif Visualizer-Verbalizer untuk Kasus Statistik
Authors: Syukur Abdul , Sirajuddin  , Yunus Yusra
Published: May 2021

Perbedaan berpikir siswa kemungkinan besar dipengaruhi oleh salah satunya gaya kognitifnya. Selain itu, berpikir statistis merupakan salah satu aspek penting dalam matematika. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan profil berpikir statistis siswa ditinjau berdasarkan gaya kognitif visualizer-verbalizer. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif. Profil berpikir statistis siswa yang diperlihatkan dalam penelitian ini adalah aktivitas subjek dalam mendeskripsikan sajian data, mengorganisasi dan mereduksi data, merepresentasi data, serta menganalisis dan mengiterpretasikan data. Instrument yang digunakan adalah tes gaya kognitif, tes kemampuan matematika, tes masalah statistik, dan pedoman wawancara. Selanjutnya untuk menguji kredibilitas data, dilakukan triangulasi waktu.
Meningkatkan Pengetahuan Siswa Tentang Sistem Persamaan Linear Dua Variabel (SPLDV) Melalui Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif
Authors: Resky Arifanti Dwi , Raupu Sumardin , Thalha St. Zuhaerah
Published: May 2021

Sejumlah permasalahan dalam Sistem Persamaan Linear Dua Variabel (SPLDV), mendorong para peneliti melakukan kajian yang beragam. Namun, masih sedikit peneliti yang mengintegrasikan antara model pembelajaran dengan materi tersebut. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bagaimana  peningkatan pengetahuan SPLDV siswa melalaui pembelajaran kooperatif. Kami melakukan Penelitian tindakan kelas bersama dengan guru di kelas atau dilokasi penelitian dengan melibatkan siswa di tingkat menengah. Data yang dikumpulkan berupa observasi, tes, dan dokumentasi. Kami menggunakan analisa kuantitatif dan kualitatif untuk mendeskripsikan temuan. Dari hasil tersebut, kami menemukan bahwa terjadi  peningkatan pengetahuan siswa tentang SPLDV melalui model kooperatif. Lebih lanjut, peningkatan ini berdampak pada peningkatan aktivitas guru dan siswa dalam kelas serta meminimalkan kesalahan siswa dalam menyelesaikan masalah SPLD
PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA PELAKU USAHA YANG MELAKUKAN USAHA PENAMBANGAN TANPA IUP, IPR ATAU IUPK (STUDI PUTUSAN NOMOR 556/PID.SUS/2019/PN BLS)
Authors: Purba Crisdon , Siregar Hisar , Sihotang Lesson
Published: May 2021

Perbuatan penambangan tanpa izin pada hakekatnya telah memenuhi unsur yang dapat diancam dengan hukum pidana sebagaimana diatur dalam ketentuan Pasal 158 Undang-undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2009 Tentang Pertambangan Mineral dan Batubara. Permasalahan dalam penelitian adalah bagaimana pertanggungjawaban pidana pelaku usaha yang melakukan usaha penambangan tanpa IUP, IPR, atau IUPK dalam studi kasus putusan nomor 556/Pid.Sus/2019/PN Bls. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode analisis yang dilakukan untuk mengumpulkan data dengan cara studi kepustakaan. Jenis penelitian termasuk penelitian yuridis normative. Bahan hukum penelitian diperoleh secara normative kualitatif. Berdasarkan fakta-fakta hukum yang terungkap bahwa Zekkeri Saputra yang melakukan tindak pidana penambangan tanpa izin usaha dapat dimintakan pertanggungjawaban pidana karena telah memenuhi syarat untuk dapat dimintakan pertanggungjawaban pidana. Oleh karena itu, Majelis Hakim menjatuhkan hukuman kepada terdakwa Zekkeri Saputra dengan pidana penjara selama 2 (dua) tahun dan 4 (empat) bulan dan denda sebesar Rp. 2.000.000.000 Subsidair 1 (satu) bulan kurungan.Bahwa terdakwa memenuhi syarat untuk dapat dimintakan pertanggungjawaban pidana maka Hakim dalam menjatuhkan pidana terhadap pelaku tindak pidana penambangan tanpa izin harus  mempertimbangkan faktor-faktor yang meringankan dan memberatkan sehingga pidana yang dijatuhkan sesuai dengan perbuatan pidana terdakwa.
PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PERUSAHAAN ATAS KETERLAMBATAN PEKERJAAN KONTRAKTOR DI BIDANG PENGADAAN BARANG DAN JASA BERDASARKAN SURAT PERJANJIAN NO: 014.PJ/PT/DAN.02.01/SLBA/2017 (STUDI KASUS CV PUTRI MANDIRI SEJATI MEDAN)
Authors: Tambunan Christin , Simangungsong Marthin , Utomo Uton
Published: May 2021

Keterlambatan pekerjaan kontraktor di bidang pengadaan barang dan jasa sering menimbulkan permasalahan. Perjanjian pengadaan barang dan jasa disusun terlebih dahulu oleh pemberi pekerjaan, Tanggungjawab Kontraktor CV Putri Mandiri Sejati Medan dalam pengadaan barang dan jasa yaitu lahir berdasarkan prestasi yang diatur dalam Pasal 1234 Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata. Kewajiban utama yaitu melakukan pembayaran sesuai dengan nilai kontrak dari pihak pemborong jika pemborong telah menyelesaikan pekerjaannya. Sedangkan Kewajiban tambahan tambahan meliputi Membayar uang muka pekerjaan (down payment) kepada pihak pemborong setelah menerima jaminan pelaksanaan dari pihak pemborong. Keputusan badan arbitrase ini mengikat kedua belah pihak, dan biaya penyelesaian perselisihan yang dikeluarkan akan dipikul bersama. Apabila putusan Badan Arbitrase tidak dapat diterima oleh para pihak maka perselisihan akan diteruskan dan diputuskan melalui Pengadilan Negeri setempat. Dalam prakteknya selama ini, setiap perselisahan dalam pelaksanaan perjanjian pemborongan dapat diselesaikan secara musyawarah dan mufakat diantara para pihak dan belum pernah diselesaikan melalui Badan Arbitrase atau pengadilan
ANALISIS HUKUM PEMIDANAAN PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA PEMALSUAN MEREK (STUDI KASUS PUTUSAN NO: 87/PID.SUS/2019/PN.PTI )
Authors: Sinurat Erfandi , Esther July , Nainggolan Ojak
Published: May 2021

Merek merupakan tanda pembeda dari produk sejenis yang berasal dari produsen lain. Kenyataan yang ada di masyarakat, memang saat ini banyak dijumpai di pasar berbagai macam produk yang dipalsukan adapun dengan membonceng merek (passing off). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penilitian hukum normatif dengan pendektan studi kasus. Dengan menggunakan dua pendekatan masalah, yakni pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konsep teori hukum. Dengan mengolah bahan hukum primer dan sekunder secara kualitatif. Sehingga dari hasil penelitian ini diketahui tindak pidana pemalsuan merek dapat dimintakan pertanggungjawabannya sesuai ketentuan perundang-undangan mampu bertanggungjawab, atau dapat dikatakan bahwa orang tersebut jiwanya normal dan sehat tanpa adanya kekurangan dalam bertanggungjawab. Dalam pertimbangan hakim terhadap kasus merek didasarkan pada penilaian objektif dari hakim yang memeriksa dan mengadili perkaradasar pertimbangan hakim terdiri dari dasar pertimbangan yuridis dan non yuridis. Dalam studi kasus yang diteliti dari putusan No: 87/Pid.Sus/2019/PN.Pti. Penegak hukum di harapkan mampu memberantas dan mengatasi permasalahan tindak pidana pemalsuan merek, maka dari itu hakim harus memberikan hukuman yang maksimal agar dapat memberikan efek jera
PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA KEPALA DESA YANG TIDAK NETRAL PADA SAAT PEMILIHAN UMUM (PEMILU) (STUDI PUTUSAN NO 18/PID.SUS/2019/PN.TBN)
Authors: Hariman Boni , Nainggolan Ojak , Siregar Hisar
Published: May 2021

Penyelenggaraan Pemilihan Umum, sangatlah dibutuhkan kebersihan, kejujuran, dan keadilan dalam pelaksanaan pemilihan umum yang berlangsung di Indonesia. Untuk menjatuhkan pidana orang yang melakukan perbuatan itu mempunyai kesalahan. sehingga oleh hukum dapat dikenai sanksi pidana. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normative dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Dengan menggunakan dua pendekatan masalah yakni Perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konsep teori hukum. Dengan mengolah bahan hukum primer dan sekunder secara kualitatif. Sehingga dari hasil penelitian ini diketahui bahwa Pengaturan tindak pidana pidana pemilihan umum diatur dalam Undang-Undang No 7 tahun 2017 tentang pemilihan umum dari pasal 47, 478 sampai pasal 553 yang mengatur 77 (tujuh puluh tujuh) tindak pidana pemilu. Dan pertanggungjawaban tindak pidana pemilu dalam Undang-Undang No 7 tahun 2017 berdasarkan unsur kesalahan terdakwa, kesengajaan, kemampuan bertanggung jawab, alasan pembenar dan pemaaf.
Tinjauan Hukum Terhadap Status Pekerja Yang Belum Mengikat Kontrak Kerja Tapi Sudah Bekerja Yang Ditinjau Dari UU No. 13 Tahun 2003 Tentang Ketenagakerjaan
Authors: Banjarnahor Shutriany , Habeahan Besty , Silaen August
Published: May 2021

Latar belakang dari penulisan ini adalah pengangkatan anak yang dilakukan berdasarkan  hukum adat Batak Toba yang belum mempunyai bukti autentik. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui kedudukan anak angkat atas pembagian harta warisan berdasarkan hukum adat Batak Toba di daerah Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan dan untuk mengetahui cara pembagian harta warisan orangtua angkat terhadap anak angkat jika mewarisi secara bersama-sama dengan anak kandung berdasarkan hukum adat Batak Toba di daerah Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini dengan menggunakan metode studi kepustakaan dan wawancara. Hasil yang diperoleh dari tujuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kedudukan anak angkat dalam hukum adat Batak Toba di daerah Kabuapten Humbang Hasundutan sah dan berhak memperoleh harta warisan apabila dilakukan dengan upacara adat yang dihadiri oleh dalihan natolu, raja adat, dongan sahuta dan keluarga lainnya. Dan cara pembagian harta warisan mempunyai kedudukan yang sama dengan anak kandung meskipun jumlah besar bagiannya tergantung daripada si pewaris atau orangtuanya. Kecuali harta pusaka anak angkat tidak berhak mewarisinya, karena yang berhak mewarisi harta pusaka tersebut adalah anak kandung.
Efficacy of switching from infliximab to golimumab in patients with ulcerative colitis in deep remission
Authors: Viazis N , Pontas C , Manolakis A , Karampekos G , Tsoukali E , Galanopoulos M , Koustenis K , Archavlis E , Christidou A , Gazouli M , Mantzaris G. J.
Published: May 2021

Background-Aim : Intravenously administered biologicals are associated with a huge pressure to Infusion Units and increased cost. We aimed to assess the impact of switching infliximab to golimumab in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients in deep remission.

Patients and method : In a prospective, single-centre pilot study UC patients on infliximab mono-therapy for ≥ 2 years, whowere in deep remission, consented to switch to golimumab and were followed for 1 year with clinical assessment, serum and faecal biomarkers, work productivity, satisfaction with treatment and quality of life parameters. Endoscopic remission was assessed by colonoscopy at 1 year. Patients fulfilling the same inclusion criteria, who did not consent to switch to golimumab and continued to receive infliximab mono-therapy, for the same period, served as controls.

Results : Between October 2015 and October 2017, 20 patients were recruited; however one patient stopped therapy because of pregnancy. All 19 patients who were switched to golimumab were still in clinical, biomarker and endoscopic remission at 1 year and maintained excellent quality of life without any complications. In the control group, 18 of 19 patients were also in deep remission, since only one patient had a flare which was managed with IFX dose intensification. During a median 3 years extension treatment with golimumab only 2 patients experienced a flare of colitis.

Conclusions : This pilot study indicates that switching from in-fliximab to golimumab in UC patients in deep remission does not compromise treatment effectiveness or the course of disease; golimumab offers a valid alternative to intravenous infliximab infusions during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Pneumatosis intestinalis and spontaneous perforation associated with drug toxicity in oncologic patients : a case series
Authors: Brocchi S , Parmeggiani A , Gaudiano C , Balacchi C , Renzulli M , Brandi N , Dall’Olio F.G. , Rihawi K , Ardizzoni A , Golfieri R
Published: May 2021

Pneumatosis Intestinalis (PI) is a rare radiological finding defined as the presence of extra-luminal gas within the intestinal wall. Several anti-tumor drugs can induce a damage of the gastrointestinal walls as an adverse effect, causing loss of mucosal integrity and endoluminal gas diffusion, responsible for PI development. We retrospectively analyzed 8 cases of PI detected through radiological imaging in oncologic patients undergoing various therapeutic regimens: five patients were receiving chemotherapy, two molecular targeted therapy (MTT) and one immunotherapy.

Three patients were asymptomatic and pneumatosis was incidentally detected at routinary follow-up CT and then treated conservatively. Five patients presented acute abdomen symptoms and in these cases bowel perforation was the cause of death. Our experience confirms PI and perforation as rare complications of drug toxicity, especially in oncologic patients treated with combinations of different anticancer drugs and documented the second reported case of PI associated with atezolizumab and alectinib single administration.
MODELAGEM ESPACIAL E SISTEMA DE ABASTECIMENTO DE ÁGUA NA AMAZÔNIA
Authors: Nascimento Costa Vagner , Nunes Araújo Alan , Nazareth Rossete Amintas , Mourão de Oliveira Lorena Maria
Published: May 2021

A pesquisa teve como objetivo elaborar um modelo espacial, na área urbana do município de Altamira, Amazônia Oriental, que indique a possibilidade de uso dos recursos hídricos superficiais para abastecimento público e opções viáveis de implantação de estruturas do sistema de abastecimento de água. A metodologia utilizada consistiu na análise multicritério e para ponderação das variáveis foram utilizadas bibliografias técnicas e acadêmicas. Os resultados obtidos foram um mapa de uso e cobertura do solo; mapa dos principais cursos de drenagem e, por fim, a indicação de pontos excelentes para instalação das infraestruturas de abastecimento. As informações levantadas e analisadas constituem produtos que poderão subsidiar tomadas de decisões, no que diz respeito à escolha de mananciais para abastecimento urbano e no manejo ambiental das microbacias urbanas da cidade de Altamira, PA.
Die Wissenschaft als Wegbegleiterin zur Umsetzung der Leitlinien Deutscher Arktispolitik
Authors: Leskien Sebastian
Published: May 2021

Abstract. On 21 August 2019 the German Federal Cabinet stipulated its New Arctic Policy Guidelines. Science is an integral part of this political document according to which scientific findings shall be the starting point of the German activities in the Arctic. The present article argues that an independent “German” Arctic policy can only be successfully shaped by taking scientific knowledge into consideration. In order to investigate the role of science in German Arctic policy different governmental documents have been analyzed, notably the New German Arctic Policy Guidelines. First of all, the article discusses why Germany as a Non-Arctic riparian state is pursuing its own Arctic policy. For this purpose, it considers the main reasons which have caused Germany to exert an influence on the Arctic. These include strategic, economic, ecologic and especially research-oriented interests. Concerning the implementation of the goals of the New Arctic Policy Guidelines the knowledge transfer between science and politics is of special significance. The article describes how science contributes to political decisions by generating explanation models, different approaches to solutions or by issuing recommendations. In order to tackle the multi-layered and complex structured goals of the German Arctic Guidelines politics need to take into account research and science to remain capable of acting. Thus, science is indispensable for the realisation of the German Arctic Policy goals. Finally, the article points out that the traditional polar research system is shifting from a traditional natural scientific-based orientation to a more inclusive and broad-ranging orientation. It shows how diverse academic disciplines scientifically deal with questions regarding the Arctic. Here, the article argues that the traditional natural scientific-based orientation of polar science is outdated whereas a demand for interdisciplinary Arctic polar science has emerged. By looking at the project “Marine Conservation in the Arctic” the article illustrates how these different academic fields can successfully be merged.
The Russian settlements on Spitsbergen – history, current socio-economic status and challenges for the future development
Authors: Schennerlein Barbara
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Spitsbergen is distinct compared with other Arctic archipelagos, especially regarding its the political and socio-economic status. Despite the Spitsbergen Treaty1, which was signed 100 years ago, the territory is commonly perceived as part of Norway. All the more, the Russian settlements have a particular position on Spitsbergen. The article is introduced by a short historical review, drawing attention also to the different opinions related to the discovery history. In the following, this paper strives to present a deeper dive into the current socio-economic status of today's Russian community on Spitsbergen. The analysis was created from questionnaires worked out by the inhabitants of the two Russian settlements Barentsburg and Pyramiden as well as from interviews with executives of different sectors. Derived from this, factors which could influence the upcoming development of the settlements were formulated.
Erratum to:
Authors: Tamim Suha , Jeffries Rhonda
Published: May 2021

The article metadata for Brochu, K. J. ., Jensen, A. J., Robinson, R. M. M. ., Bryant, T. R., Desjardins, D. R., & Bent, L. (2021). Redefining Roles: Female Scholars’ Reflections and Recommendations for Coping During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Impacting Education: Journal on Transforming Professional Practice, 6(2), 54–60. https://doi.org/10.5195/ie.2021.170 listed the authors with an incorrect order and contained an incomplete affiliation of author Lauren G. Bent. The PDF of the article is correct. This error occurred during the journal editing phase. The correct order of the authors is Kelly J. Brochu, Trina R. Bryan, Amanda J. Jensen, Danielle R. Desjardins, Regina M.M. Robinson, Lauren G. Bent. The affiliation for Lauren G. Bent is Regis College Department of Education.
Effect of Nutrition Education Based on Video and Leaflet Towards Nutritional Knowledge of 14th Junior High School Bekasi Student
Authors: Zares Nirma Marcelina , Simanungkalit Sintha Fransiske
Published: May 2021

The age-range of teenagers according to Regulation of the Minister of Health is 10 to 18 years. The most cause of nutrition problems in adolescents is due to lack of nutritional knowledge and lead to a wrong choice of what meals would be consumed because the level of knowledge in adolescents would affect behavior and habit on choosing meals at school or home. Nutrition education is highly important to encourage adolescent nutrition knowledge so it is necessary to be socialized as an effort to change the wrong eating habits (Sediaoetama, 2000). This study aimed to see the impact of nutrition education by using video and leaflet on student knowledge. This type of research is a quasi-experiment used a one-group pretest-posttest design. The number of samples were 88 students. This study used the Paired Sample Test. This research also used an Independent T-Test to found out which media is more effective. The average pre-test of the video group was 59.31 and the post-test was 72.05 with a standard deviation is 14.40. While in the leaflet group the pre-test average was 69.77, and the post-test was 82.95 with a standard deviation is 15.01. Results of the Paired Sample T-Test analyzed is 0,000 < 0.05 for video. And p-value 0.003 < 0.05 for the leaflet, which means there is an impact of nutrition education used video and leaflets on balanced nutrition knowledge of 14th Junior High School Bekasi Students. The result of Independent T-Test is leaflet more effective as a nutrition education media.
المقاصد الشرعية الاقتصادية، والاجتماعية لتوثيق الديون
Authors:   باحث دكتوراه، كلية الآداب والدراسات الإسلامية، جامعة محمد الأول، وجدة، المملكة المغربية, المسعودي محمد بن علي بن أحمد
Published: May 2021

توثيق الديون أصبح ضرورة لضبط التعامل بالدين على مستوى الأفراد، والمؤسسات المالية، وله مقاصد كثيرة من أهمها: المقاصد المالية وتتمثل في حفظ المال من الضياع سواء كان مالا عاما، أم خاصا بإثباته في ذمة المدين، واستيفائه عند حلول أجله دون تعثر، أو مماطلة. بالحجج الكتابية، والشفاهية وبالضمانات المالية كالرهن، والكفالة وغيرها من الضمانات المستجدة في مجال المعاملات المالية. المقاصد الاقتصادية: وتتمثل في: -الاقتصاد في الإنفاق : أي التوسط في تحصيل الحاجي، والكمالي من المطعم، والمشرب، والملبس، فإن التوثيق يضبطه. فحين يعلم المدين أن الدين مضبوط، وأن جزءا من ماله مثلا مرهون سيقتصد في إنفاقه، وسيسلك مسلك الاعتدال، والقوامة فيه. والله سبحانه، وتعالى جعل ذلك من خصال عباد الرحمان قال تعالى: { وَٱلَّذِينَ إِذَآ أَنفَقُواْ لَمْ يُسْرِفُواْ وَلَمْ يَقْتُرُواْ وَكَانَ بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ قَوَاماً }الفرقان: الآية37 - التنمية الاقتصادية : أي تثمير، وتنمية المال بطرق الكسب، والتملك المتعددة بضوابط الشريعة الإسلامية، وبآدابها المفضيان لاستقامة أحوال المجتمع، واستقراره المادي، والروحي، وهذا بالحصول على التمويلات من قبل المؤسسات، والبنوك التي أخذت الضمانات الكافية من المدين. المقاصد الاجتماعية: المجتمع المسلم مجتمع متماسك له أسسه، ومقوماته، وقوانينه الضابطة لتصرفات أفراده، وتوثيق الديون واحد من تلك المقومات الاجتماعية، وله مقاصد اجتماعية منها: تحقيق العدل، والمساواة، والثقة، والمواساة. وحفظ النفوس. كل هذا يتحقق بتوثيق الدين، وضبطه بقوانين الشرع.
The Role of Entrepreneurial Marketing in Developing Economic Countries (Saudi Arabia Case Study for SME)
Authors:   Institute of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia, Bati Jwdah Farouq , alfaqeih Meshary Mohammad ,   Institute of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia, Albishri Sami Abdullah ,   Institute of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia, Oreijah Mowffaq ,   Mechanical Engineering Dept., College of Engineering, Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia, Ayed Tahar Lazhar ,   Marketing Dept., College of Business Management Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia
Published: May 2021

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is growing into an economic power in the Middle East. However, small- and medium-sized business establishments continue to struggle to break the local market. The challenges faced by the businesses result from the lack of adequate information, poor technological infrastructure, untrained human resource personnel, and consumer behaviors. Entrepreneurial marketing provides an adequate means through which business organizations in Saudi Arabia can build a competitive advantage and penetrate the market more efficiently and effectively. The approach enables value creation, resource manipulation/utilization, opportunity focus, innovation, risk-taking, customer intensity, and proactive practices, allowing businesses to become competitive. The study evaluates the connection between competitive advantage and entrepreneurial marketing, informing business stakeholders and policymakers on the best marketing practices to ensure the success and sustainability of small- and medium-sized firms in Saudi Arabia. The study employed the qualitative approach to facilitate data gathering. The study involved fourteen participants recruited from a WhatsApp group and interviewed over the phone. The study findings established differences from sector to sector in terms of marketing opinions and skill. The subjects identified value creation, resource manipulation/utilization, opportunity focus, innovation, customer intensity, and proactive practices to be critical to building a competitive advantage, with risk-taking considered insignificant. Given the source of challenges facing small and medium organizations in Saudi Arabia, there is a need to ensure education and access to information for SME stakeholders. Similarly, the Saudi government needs to put in place adequate technology infrastructure to facilitate the growth and development of the businesses.
ترجمة معاني القرآن بين التشدد العنصري والمغالطات المغرضة
Authors:   طالب باحث في سلك الدكتوراه، كلية الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية، جامعة محمد الخامس، الرباط، المملكة المغربية, يٓس اجديرة
Published: May 2021

لقد دخلت الإنسانية بحمد الله في الإسلام بالملايين منذ أن بزغت شمسه في جزيرة العرب وتنزلت كلمات الله عز وجل على رسوله الكريم عليه الصلاة والسلام برسالة سمحة، فياضة بكل المكارم والخيرات على كل الأقوام والشعوب في كل أرجاء الأرض مهما اختلفت أشكالهم وألوانهم وحضاراتهم وثقافاتهم وكذلك لغاتهم. لقد أظهرت كل الدراسات الحديثة المبنية على أدق التقنيات العلمية أن كل بني البشر سواسية، فلا فضل ولا فروق بينهم الا بالتقوى وأن أصلهم واحد يعود إلى أبوينا آدم وحواء، كما ذكر الله سبحانه وتعالى في كتابه الحكيم: " يَاأَيُّهَا النَّاسُ اتَّقُوا رَبَّكُمُ الَّذِي خَلَقَكُمْ مِنْ نَفْسٍ وَاحِدَةٍ وَخَلَقَ مِنْهَا زَوْجَهَا وَبَثَّ مِنْهُمَا رِجَالًا كَثِيرًا وَنِسَاءً وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ الَّذِي تَسَاءَلُونَ بِهِ وَالْأَرْحَامَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَلَيْكُمْ رَقِيبًا " سورة النساء، 1. فكُذِّبت بالتالي كل النظريات والأفكار التي كانت تقر بعدم تساوي الأعراق وبأفضلية بعضها على بعض وصدق الله العظيم ورسوله عليه أفضل الصلوات. قال ربنا جل جلاله في سورة آل عمران، الآية 64: "قُلْ يَا أَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ تَعَالَوْا إِلَىٰ كَلِمَةٍ سَوَاءٍ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكُمْ أَلَّا نَعْبُدَ إِلَّا اللَّهَ وَلَا نُشْرِكَ بِهِ شَيْئًا وَلَا يَتَّخِذَ بَعْضُنَا بَعْضًا أَرْبَابًا مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ ۚ فَإِنْ تَوَلَّوْا فَقُولُوا اشْهَدُوا بِأَنَّا مُسْلِمُونَ"، فمن أجل تبليغ رسالة الله عز وجل ودعوة البشرية برمتها، باختلاف أديانها، السماوية منها وغيرها، الى هدى الله جل وعلا، اتفق علماء الإسلام على جواز ترجمة معاني القرآن، بل وبوجوبها حتى تعم منافعه على كل ذوي البصائر النَّيِّرة ويحق القول على ذوي القلوب العمياء، وكذلك من أجل حماية كتاب الله تبارك وتعالى من الترجمات المُغرضة لأعداء الدين الحنيف الذين يتربصون بنا الدوائر. لهذا أصبحنا ملزمين بالتدقيق في ترجماتنا وبتوحيد جهودنا في ترجمة معاني القرآن الكريم.
أخبار الجريمة في الصحافة العمانية (دراسة تحليلية لمضمون عينة من الصحف العربية اليومية خلال عام 2018)
Authors:   بروفيسور، قسم الإعلام، كلية الآداب والعلوم الاجتماعية، جامعة السلطان قابوس، سلطنة عمان, نصر أ.د. حسني محمد , العدوي خالد بن راشد بن محمد ,   طالب دكتوراه، معهد الصحافة وعلوم الأخبار، جامعة منوبة، وزارة التعليم العالي والبحث العلمي، الجمهورية التونسية
Published: May 2021

تلعب صحافة الجريمة دورا مهما في توعية المجتمع بمختلف القضايا والمشكلات التي يواجهها، وذلك عندما تقوم الصحف بنشر حالات الانحراف والخروج عن القانون والفساد المالي والإداري والأخلاقي في المجتمع. وقد تزايد الدور الذي تقوم به وسائل الإعلام بشكل عام والصحافة بشكل خاص في تغطية أخبار الجريمة، في السنوات الأخيرة، خاصة مع تزايد انتشار الصحافة المتخصصة في مجال الجريمة، التي تتابع وتحلل وتفسر أخبار الجريمة بأنواعها المختلفة. وتحتل أخبار الجرائم في الصحف العامة مواقع مهمة، ويتزايد إقبال الجمهور على قراءة صحف الجريمة. تمثل هذه الدراسة واحدة من الدراسات العمانية الأولى التي تتناول صحافة الجريمة بوجه عام من خلال تحليل مضمون أخبار الجريمة في الصحافة المحلية على وجه خاص. وتهدف الدراسة إلى كشف وتحليل وتفسير واقع نشر أخبار الجريمة في الصحف العمانية اليومية، وذلك في ضوء السياق الاجتماعي والإعلامي في السلطنة. واستخدمت الدراسة أداة تحليل المضمون لجمع وتحليل البيانات في إطار منهج المسح الإعلامي. وتوصلت الدراسة إلى عدد من النتائج، أهمها: انخفاض درجة اهتمام صحيفتي "عمان" و "الرؤية" بنشر أخبار الجريمة. وكشفت نتائج الدراسة أن الصحيفتين ركزتا على نشر الأخبار المتعلقة بجرائم القتل، ولم تهتم كثيرا بتحديد جنسية الفاعل الرئيس في الجريمة، واستحوذت الجنسية الآسيوية على النصيب الأكبر في ارتكاب الجرائم المنشورة في صحيفتي الدراسة. واهتمت صحيفتي "عمان" و "الرؤية" بنشر صور المتهمين في الجرائم. وكشفت نتائج الدراسة ارتفاع معدل الصور الشخصية للجنسية الأجنبية المرافقة للمواد الخبرية المتعلقة بالجريمة خلال فترة دراسة العينة، وذلك إلى جانب صور لمتهمين أفارقة وأوربيين وأمريكيين. واعتمدت صحف الدراسة على وكالات الأنباء المحلية والعالمية وهي (العمانية – أف ب – قنا – د ب أ – رويترز – وفا) في تغطية أخبار الجريمة، إلى جانب مصادرها الذاتية، وشرطة عمان السلطانية.
أحكام شعر الرأس والوجه في الفقه الإسلامي
Authors:   ماجستير تخصص فقه، المملكة العربية السعودية, الرفاعي وليد بن محمد بن جليوي
Published: May 2021

الحمد لله الذي اختار لنا الإسلام دينًا، وجعلنا من أمة نبينا محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم، أما بعد: عنوان البحث: أحكام شعر الرأس والوجه في الفقه الإسلامي. هذه دراسة فقهية تدور حول أحكام شعر الرأس وأحكام شعر الوجه في الفقه الإسلامي، وقد تم بفضل الله هذا الموضوع في: تمهيد: وقد تكلمت فيه عن نبذة عن مفهوم الشعر وأنواعه، ثم كان الفصل الأول الذي بحثت فيه عن أحكام شعر الرأس وشعر الوجه في المذاهب الفقهية، وقد تناولت فيه من أحكام صباغة الشعر ووصله وحلقه، كما تناولت فيه أحكام حلق شعر الشارب واللحية وتناولت حكم النمص، ثم كان الفصل الثاني وتناولت فيه أحكام شعر الرأس وشعر الوجه في فقه النوازل، وقد عالجت في هذا الفصل حكم استخدام العمليات التجميلية فيما يتعلق بشعر الرأس وشعر الوجه؛ من حكم زرع الشعر وحكم إزالة الشعر بالتقنيات الحديثة وحكم عمليات إزالة الشعر الأبيض في رأس الطفل، كما تناولت مسائل حديثة في شعر الرأس والوجه؛ من حكم القصات الحديثة للشعر، والتسريحات الحديثة للشعر، ثم كانت الخاتمة وذكرت فيها أهم النتائج.
A policy construction for sustainable rice food sovereignty in Indonesia
Authors: Kusumawardani Adriani , Laksmono Bambang Shergi , Setyawati Lugina , Soesilo Tri Edhi Budhi
Published: May 2021

As an agricultural country with large natural resources, Indonesia still has considerable problems in managing food security. This is evidenced by the lack of agricultural land and human resources that can support people's food needs so that the government still imports food from other countries. These issues as; it are feared that population growth and high food consumption power, social exclusion (marginalization of agricultural laborers and agricultural land) will cause food security vulnerability in the future. This Mixed method quantitative and qualitative method by statistical and in-depth interview study involving 169 respondents from many stakeholders such as politicians, academicians, farmers, and students to determine policy construction for sustainable rice food sovereignty in Indonesia. The statistical study shows the rice consumption in Indonesia is correlated to education than the age and gender of the respondents. The study indicating problems such as; the welfare of farmers, the application of price limits for staple goods, and improving the quality of agriculture both natural resources, human resources and the provision of agricultural equipment assistance have not been resolved properly. To build food security, it should be balanced with the application of the concept of food sovereignty which is realized by aligning and maximizing competence between political resources, environmental resources capacity, and environmental diplomacy.
The use of mutton in sausage production
Authors: Čuboň Juraj , Haščík Peter , Herc Peter , Hleba Lukáš , Hlebová Miroslava , Šimonová Nikoleta , Bučko Ondřej
Published: May 2021

The work analyzes the quality of sausage with mutton. The proportion of individual commodities was as follows 40% sheep thigh, 40% pork shoulder, and belly 20%. The protein content in pork shoulder was 20.11 g.100g-1 in sheep thigh 23.65 g.100g-1 and sausage 19.89 g.100g-1. Of the monitored amino acids, the highest content was in lysine, in the sausage was 1.9 g.100g-1 and of the raw materials in the belly 2.1 g.100g-1. We also found a higher proportion of leucine 1.7 g.100g-1 in both sausage and sheep thighs. The arginine content in the sausage was also high 1.39 g.100g-1. We found a high content of palmitic acid in the pork shoulder of 24.38 g.100g-1 FAME. The content of palmitic acid in sheep meat was 24.32 g.100g-1 FAME and in sausage 24.16 g.100g-1 FAME. The content of stearic acid in the pork shoulder was 10.89g.100g-1 FAME, in the sheep thigh 10.64g.100g-1 FAME, in the belly 11.07 g.100g-1 FAME, and the sausage 10.92 g.100g-1 FAME. The MDA content in sheep meat was 0.185 mg.kg-1, in pork shoulder 0.141 mg.kg-1, in pork belly 0.22 mg.kg-1 and in sausage on the day of production 0.45 mg.kg-1. On the 30th day, the MDA content was in the sausage 0.78 mg.kg-1. The high MDA content of the sausage was probably most influenced by the technological process, as all raw materials, because there was a lower MDA content.
脸书社群参与之探究：信息遗漏恐惧症、知觉有用性、自我呈现及满意度
Authors: 杨 佳桦 , 董 维 , 杨 国梁
Published: May 2021

社群网站给大众一个很好自我呈现的舞台、满足人们内心的归属感与渴望备受注目的心态，它虽然缩短人与人间的距离，但信息泛滥卻令用户生活过度依赖网络，产生因为心理上怕错过的信息遗漏恐惧症（Fear of Missing Out，FoMO）。本研究目的在探讨社群使用者在Facebook上的使用动机是否因受欢迎需求、归属需求、自我呈现需求、知觉有用性、信息遗漏恐惧症以及社群参与有所关系。本研究以SEM结构方程模式检验此一新模式的适配度和相关假说，研究结果显示：(1)受欢迎需求、归属感需求以及自我呈现需求在Facebook的使用上呈正相关；(2)知觉有用性、自我呈现与使用者社群参与之间呈正相关；(3)社群参与使用者满意度呈正相关，并根据研究发现进一步提出相关学术、管理上的意涵及未来研究方向。
中国与中东欧农产品贸易发展研究
Authors: 陈 梦 , 何 嘉旎
Published: May 2021

本文首先分析中国与中东欧国家农产品贸易现状，得出双方合作总量较小但增速较快、中国贸易逆差明显、进出口农产品相对集中的基本结论；随后采用计量经济学向量自回归模型，搜集1993-2017共25年数据，构建农产品贸易额与地区生产总值、农业就业人员占比、农业增加值、农产品贸易竞争力指数之间的预测模型，预测精度为3.88%，预计中国与中东欧国家农产品贸易在2018年会存在较明显下滑趋势，并提出发展绿色冷链物流、提高农产品质量、扩大农业合作范围、建造完备信息沟通途径等发展建议。
大数据时代中小企业发展跨境电子商务策略研究
Authors: 周 功建
Published: May 2021

近几年我国传统外贸业务低迷，而跨境电商的迅速兴起使我国许多中小企业看到了新的希望，也开始转型开展跨境电商业务。同时，大数据技术作为新的发展要素，为企业带来更多创新服务的机会，从而带来更多商业价值。本文介绍大数据技术对跨境电商的作用，分析我国中小企业在开展跨境电子商务业务中面临的问题，并针对问题提出中小企业利用大数据技术发展跨境电商的对策。
PENERAPAN METODE INFORMATION ECONOMIC (IE) UNTUK ANALISIS KELAYAKAN APLIKASI SIPSIBA (Studi Kasus: SMK Muhammadiyah 10 Jakarta)
Authors: Hartati Tri , Hikmah Noer
Published: May 2021

Teknologi informasi yang terus berkembang mengikuti kebutuhan manusia pada saat ini sangat membantu manusia dalam memenuhi dan menyelesaikan banyak pekerjaan. Teknologi informasi juga menjadi basis perkembangan suatu industri sehingga membuat perusahaan-perusahaan saling berkompetisi untuk memajukan usahanya dengan berinvestasi secara nyata pada sistem informasi yang mendukung kemajuan usahanya. Tidak hanya perusahaan yang bersifat komersial yang memanfaatkan teknologi informasi/sistem informasi, akan tetapi perusahaan yang non-komersial pun ikut bersaing untuk memajukan bisnisnya. Dalam hal berinvestasi di bidang SI/TI, pihak perusahaan harus teliti dalam memperhitungkan resiko yang kemungkinan akan terjadi di masa mendatang. Dan untuk mencegah atau mengurangi dampak kerugian tersebut, maka sistem informasi yang akan diterapkan pada perusahaan tersebut harus dianalisa kelayakannya terlebih dahulu dengan menggunakan metode information economic (IE). Studi kasus yang penulis ambil adalah menguji/menganalisa kelayakan aplikasi SIPSIBA (Sistem Informasi Penerimaan Siswa Baru) yang akan diterapkan pada SMK Muhammadiyah 10 Jakarta. Analisa yang dilakukan untuk menentukan manfaat melalui kombinasi dari analisis enhanced ROI, penilaian bidang bisnis, dan penilaian bidang teknologi.
The IMPLEMENTASI APLIKASI PUSAT PERTUKARAN DATA PADA SISTEM PERADILAN PIDANA TERPADU BERBASIS TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI (SPPT-TI)
Authors: Muijyanto Tri Ragil , Maukar Maukar
Published: May 2021

The 2015-2019 National Medium Term Development Plan (RPJMN) mandates that one of the policy directions for law and human rights development in the context of realizing quality law enforcement is to promote an integrated criminal justice system that is implemented through the development of an Information Technology-based Integrated Criminal Justice System (SPPT-TI). In the process of handling criminal cases, sending files between Law Enforcement Officials (APH) takes a long time and is less efficient, so it requires a variety of response times. Broadly speaking, SPPT-TI aims to optimize the use of information technology in the process of handling criminal cases in terms of exchanging data and information between institutions involved in the criminal justice system. In the development process, the Puskarda application uses the DevOps development method which is quite appropriate to the conditions in the field which require periodic improvement. The Puskarda application is used to exchange data and documents electronically at SPPT-TI and ensure that the data exchange process between APHs involved is in accordance with the SPPT-TI data exchange guidelines.It is hoped that this research can help explain the stages in implementing the Puskarda application and can find out the constraints in exchanging data in order to improve application performance to meet the needs of application users
PIECES FRAMEWORK UNTUK MENGANALISA SISTEM INFORMASI ADMINISTRASI RUKUN TETANGGA
Authors: Agustina Nani
Published: May 2021

Untuk mengetahui apakah sistem informasi administrasi rukun tetangga berjalan sebagaimana mestinya, maka proses evaluasi sangat diperlukan untuk mengetahui kinerja dari sistem informasi tersebut. Evaluasi yang dilakukan terhadap sistem informasi administrasi rukun tetangga dengan menggunakan PIECES Framework. Analisis menggunakan 6 faktor variable dalam penelitian information and data ,performance, economy, control and security, efficiency, dan service. Penelitian ini  bertujuan untuk mengukur tingkat kepuasan dan tingkat kepentingan sistem informasi yang sudah diterapkan, serta mengetahui kelemahan, kekuatan dan menganalisis komponen apa saja yang perlu ditingkatkan kualitas pelayanannya. Data didapatkan dari penyebaran kuesioner terhadap 10 pengguna sistem informasi. Hasil dari penelitian  ini bahawa pengukuran yang didapat dari rata-rata tingkat kepuasan berada pada 3,70 dimana sistem informasi telah memberikan kepuasan untuk pengguna, sedangkan untuk nilai pengukuran dari penelitian rata-rata tingkat kepentingan 4,14 yang berarti sistem informasi administasi rukun tetangga dianggap penting oleh pengguna
PENGARUH UKURAN, PERTUMBUHAN, DAN NILAI PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP TINDAKAN PERATAAN LABA PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR
Authors: Rahmawati Rahmawati , Wujarso Riyanto
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of firm size, growth, and price to book value of income smoothing. Firm size is measured by the natural logarithm of total assets. Growth is measured by the ratio of sales in year t after deducting sales in the previous period to sales in the previous period. Price to Book Value is measured by the ratio of share price to book value of common stock. Income smoothing is measured using the eckel index. The results of the study showed that partially firm size has significant influence on income smoothing practices. Growth has significant on the practice of income smoothing. And price to book value has not significant to the income smoothing practices. Simultaneously, company size, growth and value have a significant effect of 0.000. Nagelker's R square value is 0.313; it means that the coefficient of determination is 0.313. This states that the independent variable explains the variation of the dependent variable by 31.3% while the remaining 68.7% is influenced by other factors that are not examined.