bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quality Enhancement of Fruits and Vegetables through Organic Cultivation: A Review
Authors: Mohanapriya R. , Kalpana R. , Aravinth K. Vijay
Published: May 2022

Organic farming, which essentially excludes the use of synthetic pesticides and fertilizers, is becoming popular worldwide. The covid-19 pandemic has positively impacted on the market due to growing awareness towards the healthy and nutritional diets. As a result, demand for organic fruits and vegetables has increased over the world. Organic fruits and vegetables are in higher demand than ever before, owing to lower production and rising global consumption. However, due to the high cost of production, organic fruit and vegetable supply is limited in comparison to demand. Several experiments were conducted for comparing the organic and conventional fruits and vegetables quality. The results obtained from the studies showed Vitamins like ascorbic acid and beta carotene, Total polyphenols, dry matter accumulation, fiber content and Total Soluble Solids were higher in organic fruits and vegetables than conventional farming. Other mineral nutrient contents like Ca, Mg, K, Cu, Fe, Zn, PO4, SO4 were found similar both in organic and conventional farm produce. Cooking of organic vegetables at high temperatures is not preferable because it shows higher polyphenols losses during cooking than conventional produces. Heavy metals contamination, pesticide residues, ammonium and nitrate contents were lower in organic produce than conventional crops. Organic foods are better for the environment and more nutritious. It can be concluded that organic crops have a lower amount of contaminants, but a higher quality compared to conventional crops.
​​Detection of Urea Adulteration in Oilseed Cakes using 4-Dimethylaminobenzaldehyde Reagent and Foldscope
Authors: Anitha T. , Madhuri S. Bindu , Alexander G. , Chandra A. Sarat , Venkateswarlu M.
Published: May 2022

Background: Costly livestock feed ingredients like oilseed cakes are more frequently adulterated with urea by feed manufacturers and suppliers to derive economic benefit. However, a simple method to detect adulteration of urea in oilseed cakes under field conditions is not available. In this context, the present study was carried out to evaluate the usefulness of 4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde reagent for the detection of urea adulteration in oilseed cakes using foldscope under field conditions. Methods: Six commonly used oilseed cakes for livestock feeding were procured from three different sources and processed in duplicate. A minute quantity of dry powdered oilseed cake or oilseed cake adulterated with urea (10 g/kg) was taken on a glass slide, treated with 4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde reagent and air dried. The air dried sample was spread and covered with transparent cello tape and examined under foldscope with a standard light source. The foldscope images were captured using smart phone camera. Approximate area covered with yellow colour in foldscope images of oilseed cakes adulterated with urea at three different concentrations also evaluated. Result: Oilseed cakes adulterated with urea on treatment with 4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde reagent showed yellow colour covering almost entire area of many fields in foldscope images, while the colour of oilseed cakes devoid of urea was mostly pink to violet. The oilseed cakes adulterated with urea at different concentrations varied in the approximate area covered with yellow colour in foldscope images. The 4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde reagent can be used to detect urea adulteration in oilseed cakes using foldscope under field conditions.
Characterization of Annona Genotypes by ISSR and SSR Markers
Authors: Saitwal Y.S. , Musmade A.M. , Kale A.A. , Supe V.S. , Joshi V.R. , Ranpise S.A. , Mehetre S.S.
Published: May 2022

Background: Annona spp. are one of the underutilized fruit crop having great commercial and medicinal value and large diversity present in Maharashtra which is untapped. The present study conducted to characterize the Annona genotypes by ISSR and SSR markers for future germplasm conservation and crop improvement programme. Methods: Ninety genotypes were collected from various regions of Maharashtra. These ninety genotypes and eleven varieties from All India Coordinated Research Project on Arid Zone Fruits, MPKV, Rahuri were screened for morphological and biochemical characters. After morphological and biochemical characterization twenty-two superior genotypes were characterized using ISSR and SSR markers. Result: Among the 29 ISSR primers used, 20 were found polymorphic which produced a total of 171 reproducible amplicons, in which 109 amplicons (75.43%) were polymorphic. In 20 SSR primers used, 14 primers were found polymorphic which produced a total of 43 reproducible amplicons, in which 36 amplicons (83.72%) were polymorphic. Twenty unique amplicons produced by ISSR primer and eight unique amplicons produced by SSR in studied genotypes is useful in genotype/variety identification in future crop improvement. The dendogram generated based on UPGMA method of cluster analysis using ISSR and SSR marker data revealed little different but similar grouping of genotypes into two major clusters viz., cluster A and cluster B. The UPGMA based cluster analysis using dice similarity coefficient grouped Annona genotypes into two major clusters which differentiate squamosa and atemoya species. The distribution of the genotypes in the dendogram was mostly consistent with the known pedigree information, geographical locations and the morphological attributes. Genotypes collected from Purandar, Sawargaon, Pemgiri and Ajanta districts of Maharashtra formed cluster as per geographic collection. The close relationship across genotypes might be explained by either historical relationship to sharing common ancestor or more likely geographical proximity and large population size which favour genetic interchange. This low genetic difference among genotypes suggests that there was more gene flow through random mating without barrier within agro-ecological zones. ISSR and SSR markers gives direction in characterization of Annona genotypes but more areas need to be survey and explore for tapping genetic diversity to widen the gene pool. The screened material found superior need to be prioritized in terms of in-situ and ex-situ conservation for further evaluation and crop improvement.
Efficacy of New Generation Insecticides in Comparison with Biopesticides and their Economics against Chickpea Pod Borer (Helicoverpa armigera Hub.)
Authors: Tripathi Vivek , Kumar Akhilesh , Singh Smita , Singh Rajesh , Baghel K.S. , Pandey A.K.
Published: May 2022

Background: Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the most important pulses. Helicoverpa armigera [Hubner] is the most devastating chickpea pest responsible for substantial yield loss. Chickpea crop is damaged by a large number of insect species, both under field conditions and in storage. Productivity losses by gram pod borer range from 20 to 90 per cent depending upon the severity of insect attack. Among the biotic factors responsible for low yield the, damage due to insect pests is the major limiting factor. Keeping the above facts in view, the present investigation was planned and carried out to establish a new generation molecules are comparatively safer to natural enemies, honeybees and other pollinators than old generation molecules play an important role in reducing the pest populations. Methods: Field experiment was during Rabi season 2018-19 on chickpea in district Rewa. The field was prepared following the recommended package of practices. The incidence of H. armigera was observed from five randomly selected plants from four middle rows of each plot at weekly interval. The spray of insecticides was applied as soon as the pest incidence is noted. The first spray was done at 50% flowering stage of the crop and repeated after 15 days. Pre-treatment observation on pest population was undertaken one day before the application of the first spray by direct counting of H. armigera larvae per five randomly pre-selected plants in each plot. Similar procedure was followed for post-treatment observation which was recorded at 1, 3, 7, 10, 15 days after both the spray operations. Result: The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with 09 treatments (Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC @ 37 g a.i./ha, Fipronil 5% SC @ 50 g a.i./ha, Indoxacarb 15.8 EC @ 79 g a.i./ha, Spinosad 45 SC @ 90 g a.i./ha, Novaluron 10 EC @ 100 g a.i./ha, Emamectine benzoate 5 SG @ 10 g a.i./ha, Neem oil 0.15% , Bt.K. 3.5% and untreated check. First spray of insecticides over all mean analysis indicated that all the insecticidal treatments were significantly effective in reducing the larval population of Helicoverpa armigera Hub. as compared to untreated plots (1.56 larvae/plant) in the first and second spray (0.92 larva/plant) of insecticides over all mean larval population Indoxacarb 15.8 EC @ 79 g a.i./ha was effective in controlling the incidence of gram pod borer due to the first spray (0.59 larva/plant) and also the second spray (0.27 larva/plant) among all treatments. Resulting in the seed yield 1989.00 kg/ha with the highest cost: benefit ratio of 1:12.3, which was followed by the treatment of Emamectin benzoate 5 SG @ 10 g a.i./ha with cost benefit ratio of 1:10.83.
Climate change: A discourse of our contemporary world
Authors: Coskun Mucahit , Edward Gbadeyanka Gbadebo
Published: May 2022

The academic community has been contentious in the discourse regarding climate change. This study aims to conduct an in-depth investigation and assessment of the past years' articles with a crystal focus on how often climate change is mentioned in our sampled articles. The statistical data originated from Taylor & Francis's publications focused and limited yearly. Vital literature review and citations are equally considered with 211 articles. The evaluation showed no notable change in the number of articles published in the context of research. Instead, it revealed the articles that believe and denied the phenomenon of climate change, climate change education and strategies, and people's knowledge and attitude towards climate change. The articles assessing quantitative and qualitative or mixed research were significantly valued through detailed calculation and critical discussion. There is a need to collaborate ideas from different fields of life to unify climate change ideas into educational science networks.
Keywords: Academic community; Climate change; Knowledge; Strategies; Thinking bank.
Sensitivity Analysis of Fault Failure Parameters to the Maximum Tsunami Heights
Authors: Park Hyoungseong , Jung Taehwa
Published: May 2022

The initial waveform of the tsunami is determined by fault parameters such as the width and the length of the fault, the strike angle, the dip angle, the slip angle, the vertical distance from the seabed to the fault, and the displacement. Consequently, the tsunami run-up height is changed for various characteristics of the incoming tsunami waves. In this study, we present the analysis of the effect of fault parameters on the maximum tsunami height. The maximum tsunami height was calculated by altering the fault parameter in the tsunami numerical model and the parameter sensitivity to the maximum tsunami height was demonstrated. The depth of the fault did not significantly affect the maximum tsunami height, but the angle and the displacement are related to the maximum tsunami height. Furthermore, the strike angle and the slip angle have significant effects on the maximum tsunami height.
On Applicability of LS-DYNA for Collision Analysis of Drifting Objects
Authors: Hwang Taegeon , Kim Taeyoon , Choi Seonyong , Ko Chanhyun , Lee Woo-Dong
Published: May 2022

The characteristics of a secondary disaster are not well known with respect to the drift-impact by storm surge or tsunami. A numerical analysis for understanding the characteristics of a secondary disaster must be capable of simulating fluid dynamics as well as structural behaviors. In this sense, a fluid-structure interaction analysis is necessary with specialized numerical model such as LS-DYNA. In this study, we numerically simulated the breakaway-drift-impact process of a container due to break waves using LS-DYNA, and additionally examined the applicability of the model. Furthermore, we investigated the validity and effectiveness of an LS-DYNA analysis through the wave pressure comparison of measured values in a hydraulic experiment and the calculated values. In the analysis of drift-impact of a container due to dam-break waves, the drift velocity had a dominant effect, which is in line with previous experiments. In the collision analysis of drifting object due to storm surge/tsunami, the LS-DYNA simulation was proven as an appropriate numerical approach in this study.
A Study on the Creation of High Density Depth Contours in Coastal Waters using Spatial Analysis based on Depth and AIS Data
Authors: Kim Yoon-Ji , Lee Jeong-Seok , Kong Gil-Yong , Cho Ik-Soon
Published: May 2022

ECDIS provides safety function related to depth and contour lines to prevent grounding of ship. However, since the most ENCs contain depth contours at intervals of 2, 5, 10, 20, 30m, it is difficult to provide precise information to users and have limitations as a function of anti-grounding. Recently, the IHO recognized this problem and recommended the production of HD(High Density) ENC that provides depth contours at 1m intervals in confined water. In this study, spatial analysis was performed based on AIS and marine accident data to determine the depth contour ranges and areas required for HD ENC production. The study area was selected near Incheon and Pyeongtaek port on the west coast of Korea and depth contour lines with 1m intervals were created based on the TIN(Triangulated Irregular Network) interpolation algorithm and DEM(Digital Elevation Model) using the water depth data of the digital nautical chart. After that, the distribution of ship’s draft was analyzed based on the AIS data, and the spatial autocorrelation analysis using marine accident data indicates the need to provide dense contour lines in the fairway of Incheon and Pyeongtaek. It is expected to HD ENC that reflects the environment of the area and the characteristics of ships can help safe navigation of ships and prevent marine accidents.
The duration of the conventional chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma: factors affecting the procedural time
Authors: Renzulli Matteo , Gentilini Mattia , Marasco Giovanni , Brandi Nicolò , Granito Alessandro , Lo Monaco Silvia , Ierardi Anna Maria , De Cinque Antonio , Tovoli Francesco , Bartalena Laura , Spinelli Daniele , Piscaglia Fabio , Golfieri Rita
Published: May 2022

Aim: The present study evaluated the duration of chemoembolization in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, analyzing possible factors affecting the procedural time. Methods: In total, 175 patients who underwent chemoembolization have been prospectively enrolled. The procedural length was considered the time between the insertion and the removal of the angiographic sheath. The features related to the tumor burden and angiographic procedures, which could be related to the procedural time, were recorded. Results: The chemoembolization time resulted in a mean of 58.1 min. The longer procedural time was associated with a number of nodules treated per patient ≥ 2 (P < 0.001), a number of segments with nodules ≥ 2 (P < 0.001), the presence of more than 1 nodule in the same segment (P < 0.001), the location of the tumor in the left lobe (P = 0.001), the exclusion from the Milan criteria (P < 0.001), and a number of segments treated ≥ 2 (P < 0.001). Only the number of nodules treated per patient resulted significantly in multivariate analysis (OR 2.927, 95%CI: 2.015-4.251, P < 0.001). Conclusion: The factors related to longer procedural time are the number of nodules treated ≥ 2, the number of segments with nodules ≥ 2, the involvement of the left lobe, the tumor burden outside the Milan criteria, and the number of segments treated ≥ 2. All these characteristics, known in the pre-procedural phase, represent useful tools for a correct planning of the angiographic room’s workflow during the pandemic era as well as in the future to reduce downtime and increase productivity.
https://oaepublish.com/mrr/article/view/4860
Authors: Sanozky-Dawes Rosemary , Barrangou Rodolphe
Published: May 2022

A microbiome consists of microbes and their genomes, encompassing bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, archaea, and eukaryotes. These elements interact dynamically in the specific environment in which they reside and evolve. In the past decade, studies of various microbiomes have been prevalent in the scientific literature, accounting for the shift from culture-dependent to culture-independent identification of microbes using new high-throughput sequencing technologies that decipher their composition and sometimes provide insights into their functions. Despite tremendous advances in understanding the gut microbiome, relatively little attention has been devoted to the vaginal environment, notably regarding the ubiquity and diversity of glycans which denote the significant role they play in the maintenance of homeostasis. Hopefully, emerging technologies will aid in the determination of what is a healthy vaginal microbiome, and provide insights into the roles of Lactobacillus, glycans and microbiome-related drivers of health and disease.
THE CHALLENGES FACED BY EFL TEACHERS IN IMPLEMENTING SCHOOL LITERACY PROGRAM DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Dewi Luh Putu Sonia , Santosa I Made Hery , Pratama Anak Agung Gede Yudha
Published: May 2022

School Literacy Program is expected to be able to develop students' interest in reading. However, in practice, schools can still not achieve these goals indicated by the existence of challenges in its implementation. Thus, this study aimed at describing the challenges faced by EFL teachers in implementing school literacy programs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conducting a descriptive qualitative study, four EFL junior high school teachers were interviewed using a semi-structured interview. The results of the study show that the EFL teachers were challenged by four factors in implementing the school literacy program during COVID-19, namely, 1) students' interest in reading, 2) the technical challenges, 3) the teacher's lack of understanding about the school literacy program, 4) time management. These four factors were considered some of the challenges, such as students read in order to fulfil the obligation to fill out daily journals, not because of their own desires, technological illiteracy, and inadequate source of online reading. Therefore, the practitioners of school activities can respond and take thoughtful actions regarding the problems they face in implementing the school literacy program.
CODE SWITCHING AND CODE MIXING IN #NEBENG BOY
Authors: Yuana Linda
Published: May 2022

As a social creature, human beings need society to live in. There is always a power to survive in society including being survive to communicate. In exchanging the message to one another, people use language and some strategies in purpose of being successful to deliver meaning that they want. Among those strategies, there are code switching and code mixing, which is used when people communicate in multilingual society. Code switching is when a speaker uses strategy to switch from one language to another, whether code mixing is when a speaker mix the language and use it in an utterance. In this study, the object of the research is a Youtube channel called #nebengboy. This channel hosted by bilingual talented Indonesian host who usually speak fluent both in Indonesian and English. The finding shows that there are many types of code switching and code mixing use in the conversation of this Youtube channel, both by the host and the guest. From the findings, it can be concluded that the host, uses many code switching and code mixing for some reasons. This reasons can be one of the consideration for people to create a successful and meaningful communication in multilingual society.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF E-LITRANS TOOL FOR TRANSLATING FIGURES OF SPEECH FROM INDONESIAN INTO ENGLISH
Authors: Hartono Rudi -
Published: May 2022

Difficulties in translating figures of speech should not be allowed to occur for a long time. There must be an effort to solve the problem immediately. Introducing electronic devices to facilitate the translation of figures of speech in the form of a transtool is an important effort to do. One of the efforts is to use the E-Litrans Tool as an electronic device that can improve the quality of the figures of speech translation. This trans tool was tested in experimental research of translating figures of speech from Indonesian to English and vice versa. Three figures of speech, metaphor, simile, and personification, were focused to analyze in this research because they are more widely used in everyday life in the Indonesian context. The three types of figures of speech are arranged into a set of test items, each consisting of 5 pieces so that there are 15 figures of speech. One set of test items was given to the experimental group and the control group. The experimental group consisted of 22 students while the control group consisted of 25 students. All of these students came from translation classes that we taught. The experimental group was treated using the E-Litrans Tool in translating figures of speech, while the control group was not. Based on the research results, it was known that the E-Litrans Tool was able to significantly improve the translation quality of the experimental group. The average translation quality score of the experimental group after using the E-Litrans Tool increased from 60.2 to 95.8. It means that there was an increase in the average value of 35.6. So the overall mean score of their translation quality is 78.36. The translation quality for the control group that did not use the E-Litrans Tool was insignificant and dropped drastically. The mean pretest and posttest scores were 56.88 and 55.84 or the overall mean score of their translation quality was 56.4 without the progress, even dropped decreasingly up to 1.04. It can be concluded that E-Litrans Tool increased the figures of speech translation quality scores significantly. Therefore, we suggest that translators can use the E-Litrans Tool to improve the quality of their figures of speech translation results.
Identification of Novel Multi-Omics Expression Landscapes and Meta-Analysis of Landscape-Based Competitive Endogenous RNA Networks in ALDH+ Lung Adenocarcinoma Stem Cells
Authors: Yang Wei , Liang Yong , Zheng Yuanyuan , Luo Haitao , Yang Xiaofei , Li Furong
Published: May 2022

ALHD+ H1975 lung adenocarcinoma stem cells(LSCs), confirmed to be found in LUAD, is one rare subset within lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD) cancer cells. They could self-renew, drive tumor initiation, growth, metastasis, and recurrence, and are also considered to be the main cause of poor prognosis because of their intrinsic resistance to drug and chemotherapy, which prompts them to be a promising target for LUAD therapy. NcRNAs, including miRNAs, lncRNAs, circRNAs are thought to exert many significant regulatory functions in the development of LUAD. However, systematic and comprehensive molecular profiling on ncRNAs and messenger RNAs(mRNAs) between LSCs and ALDH- H1975 lung adenocarcinoma tumor cells(LTCs) is insufficient. Therefore, by using stringent bio-informatics pipelines, we identified a set of novel ncRNAs including miRNAs, lncRNAs, circRNAs, and obtained differentially expressed landscapes on ncRNAs and mRNAs. Through further meta-analysis with those landscapes subsequently, we constructed novel competitive endogenous RNA(ceRNA) networks to excavate the potential molecular mechanisms that regulate the hallmarks of LSCs and LTCs. Herein, these results summarize novel ncRNAs and the fundamental roles of differentially expressed ncRNAs that have been implicated in LSCs and LTCs behaviors. It also provides a more comprehensive resource for the futural identification of diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic biomarkers in LUAD.
Machine Learning of Raman Spectroscopy Data for Classifying Cancers: a Review of the Recent Literature
Authors: Blake Nathan , Gaifulina Riana , Griffin Lewis D. , Bell Ian M. , Thomas Geraint M. H.
Published: May 2022

Raman Spectroscopy has long been anticipated to augment clinical decision making, such as classifying oncological samples. Unfortunately, the complexity of Raman data has thus far inhibited its routine use in clinical settings. Traditional machine learning models have been used to help exploit this information, but recent advances in deep learning have the potential to improve the field. However, there are a number of potential pitfalls with both traditional and deep learning models. We conduct a literature review to ascertain the recent machine learning methods used to classify cancers using Raman spectral data. We find that while deep learning models are popular, and ostensibly outperform traditional learning models, there are many methodological considerations which may be leading to an over-estimation of performance: primarily, small sample sizes which compound upon sub-optimal choices regarding sampling and validation strategies. Amongst several recommendations is a call to collate large benchmark Raman datasets, similar to those that have helped transform digital pathology, which researchers can use to develop and refine deep learning models.
In Vitro Bovine Embryo Production Using Medium’s Supplemented with Recombinant Human Galectin-1 Buffered
Authors: Roncoletta Marcelo , Morani Erika da Silva Carvalho , De Salles Nathalia Adrielli Agassi , Ferraz Guilherme Camargo
Published: May 2022

As recommended in the ICH Guidelines (S5-R2 and S6-R1), and based on bioethical concerns, we chose bovine embryos (BE) to check the in vitro embryo development considering the use of different amounts of rHGAL-1 as supplementations of in vitro embryo culture (IVP) mediums. Based on procedures for commercial BE in vitro production, using oocytes aspirated from slaughterhouse ovaries, the rHGAL-1 supplementation performed in two experiments (#01 on the oocyte maturation - IVM medium supplemented and experiment #2 on culture step IVC, supplemented SOF medium). There were IVP commercial procedures done, with 3 IVP batches per experiment and distributed the oocytes in four groups of treatment (one control group and three different dosages of rHGAL-1 to supplement both IVM and SOF mediums, using (2, 20 and 40µg.mL-1 respectively). A total of 962 (experiment 1) and 1,213 (experiment 2) oocytes were aspirated and submitted to IVP procedure. There was no damage to in vitro bovine embryos growth, considering cleavage percentage (%CLE), blastocysts development on day 7 (BlD7, BxD7, BhD7), or hatching blastocysts maturation on day 8 (BhD8%), regardless of rHGAL-1 supplementation. The immunohistochemistry assay with D8 embryos cultivated with rHGAL-1 supplementation on the culture medium (SOF medium) could demonstrate the presence of exogenous GAL-1, distributed in mass cell and trophoblastic cells, and the profile observed is dependent of exogenous supplementation and it was more evident in hatched embryos. The findings reassure the use of a reasonable amount of rHGAL-1 for in vitro embryonic development and make using rHGAL-1 in assisted reproduction in humans more reliable and safer.
Comparison of Efficiency Based Optimal Load Distribution for Modular Ssts With Biologically Inspired Optimization Algorithms
Authors: Mughees Mariam , Sadaf Munazza , Gelani Hasan Erteza , Bilal Abdullah , Saeed Faisal
Published: May 2022

The battle of currents between AC and DC reignited as a result of the development in the field of power electronics. The efficiency of DC distribution systems is highly dependent on the efficiency of distribution converter, which calls for optimized schemes for efficiency enhancement of distribution converters. Modular solid-state transformers play a vital role in DC Distribution Networks and Renewable Energy systems (RES).This paper deals with efficiency-based load distribution for Solid State Transformers (SSTs) in DC distribution networks. Aim is to achieve a set of minimum inputs that are consistent with output while considering constraints and efficiency. As the main feature of modularity is associated with a three-stage structure of SSTs. This modular structure has been optimized using Ant Lion Optimizer (ALO) and validated by applying it EIA (Energy Information Agency) DC Distribution Network which contains SSTs. In the DC distribution grid, modular SSTs provide promising conversion of DC power from medium voltage to lower DC range (400V). The proposed algorithm is simulated in MATLAB and also compared with two other metaheuristic algorithms. The obtained results prove that the proposed method can significantly reduce input requirements for producing the same output while satisfying the specified constraints.
Thermal Integrity Analysis of a Raft Concrete Foundation: A Case Study of a Leaking Ethane Tank
Authors: Wattanapanich Chirawat , Imjai Thanongsak , Aosai Pakjira , Hansapinyo Chayanon , Figueiredo Fabio , Garcia Reyes
Published: May 2022

This article presents a case study on the structural assessment of a reinforced concrete (RC) foundation exposed to low temperatures. The foundation supports a 19,500 m³-capacity tank with low-temperature (-89°C) ethane. Icing and bubbling were observed on the tank’s surface soon after it started operations. Condensation was also observed at the bottom of the 0.8 m-depth RC slab, which raised concerns about the structural condition of the concrete. This study provides details of the field and analytical investigations conducted to assess the structural condition of the foundation. Heat transfer finite element (FE) analyses were performed to examine the concrete sections subjected to low temperatures. It was found that the ethane leakage produced a low temperature on the top side of the concrete foundation of +9.7°C. Overall, the temperatures calculated by the FE analyses were in good agreement with actual field measurements, within a ±5% accuracy. The simplified heat transfer equation for porous media used in this study was sufficiently accurate to model the effects of the ethane leakage in the concrete foundation, provided the ambient temperature at the site is taken into account in the analysis. The results also confirm that reinforcing bars can be neglected in the thermal analysis of massive concrete slabs. The results from the field measurements and FE analyses confirmed that the structural integrity of the RC foundation was never compromised. The approaches, methods and techniques discussed in this article are deemed suitable to solve the practical and scientific challenges involved in the structural assessment and repairs of large special structures. Accordingly, they can serve as useful reference and guidance for engineers and practitioners working in the field of forensic engineering.
Gamification In Chemical Engineering: A Research Study
Authors: de Paz Carmona Héctor , Borges Chinea María Emma
Published: May 2022

As consequence of the digital transformation, e-learning methodologies have become an inseparable part of the standard classes in schools and universities, assuming an increasingly significant role in compensating for the difficulties resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. Numerous pedagogical methodologies and strategies can be easily implemented in high education, promoting students’ motivation and interest in learning. This research study analyses the implementation of gamification pedagogical strategy on 50-60 undergraduate chemical engineering students at the university, by evaluating its effect on the success rate on a specific topic of Chemical Reactions Engineering subject and the motivation effect for the following topics. Our results show a significant positive effect of the gamification strategy on university lectures, increasing up to 25-30 % of the success ratio with an apparent motivation effect. During the subsequent years, the changes in the lifestyle of study also play a role in students’ performance. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate case studies such as the one presented here to understand better the use of these pedagogical methods and strategies in high education, especially in technical subjects described in this paper.
Recycled Radioactive Waste in the Space Industry
Authors: Kizka Valeriy
Published: May 2022

The article discusses an alternative way of recycling radioactive waste (RW), presented in the form of radioactive building materials - concrete and reinforced concrete structures and metal fittings, with the further use of materials, obtained during recycling, in the space industry. That is, it is supposed to send radioactive waste into space not as a passive ballast, but as a payload that will operate in space under conditions of increased radiation.
A Label-Free Cell Sorting Approach to Highlight the Impact of Intratumoral Cellular Heterogeneity and Cancer Stem Cells on Response to Therapies
Authors: Hervieu Céline , Verdier Mireille , Bégaud Gaëlle , Christou Niki , Sage Magali , Pannequin Julie , Battu Serge , Mathonnet Muriel
Published: May 2022

Cancer stem cells play a crucial role in tumor initiation, metastasis and therapy resistance. Cellular heterogeneity and plasticity challenge the isolation of cancer stem cells. The impact of intratumoral cellular heterogeneity in the context of treatment resistance using a label-free approach remains understudied. Here, we use the sedimentation field-flow fractionation technique to separate, without labeling, cell subpopulations of colorectal cancer cell lines and primary cultures according to their biophysical properties. One of the three cell subpopulations sorted by SdFFF exhibits cancer stem cell traits, including high tumorigenicity in vivo, and a higher frequency of tumor-initiating cells compared to the other subpopulations. In vitro two- and three-dimensional chemosensitivity assays emphasize the therapeutic relevance of this cancer stem cell-like subpopulation due to its chemoresistance. Therefore, our findings highlight a label-free cell sorting approach to reveal intratumoral cellular heterogeneity and its implication in therapy resistance. This approach enables the study of the individualized response of each sorted cell subpopulation by breaking down the tumor, thus offering new perspectives for personalized therapy.
As desigualdades da reprodução: homens e mulheres no trabalho doméstico não remunerado
Authors: Garcia Bruna Carolina , Marcondes Glaucia dos Santos
Published: May 2022

O artigo busca refletir sobre a realização do trabalho doméstico não remunerado por mulheres e homens na faixa etária de 25 a 49 anos, utilizando informações provenientes da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios Contínua (PNAD Contínua) de 2019. A análise dos dados se baseia na avaliação das taxas de realização de afazeres domésticos (TRAD) e de cuidados (TRCD) e dos tempos médio social (TMS) e participante (TMP). Os resultados apontam que o trabalho doméstico não remunerado permanece nos moldes de um modelo de divisão sexual do trabalho complementar e assimétrico. As taxas de realização de afazeres domésticos e de cuidados mostram participação expressiva dos homens, ainda que inferior à das mulheres, contudo, mais concentrados em atividades de suporte e de interações externas ao domicílio. Os diferenciais observados no tempo gasto em trabalho doméstico não remunerado revelam que essa participação masculina continua não se refletindo em redução dos tempos femininos com essas atividades, o que aponta a persistência das desigualdades de gênero no trabalho doméstico não remunerado nas idades de maior pressão pelas demandas da vida reprodutiva e produtiva.
Characterization of Sand Production for Clayey-Silt Sediments Conditioned to Hydraulic Slotting and Gravel Packing: Experimental Observations, Theoretical Formulations, and Modeling
Authors: Jin Yurong , Wu Nengyou , Li Yanlong , Yang Daoyong
Published: May 2022

In our previous work (Jin et al. 2021), an experimental effort has been made to microscopically observe sand failure, migration within a matrix, invasion toward gravel-packing zones, and production conditioned to the openhole gravel packing, while three sanding patterns (i.e., fractures, wormholes, and fluidized channels) have been identified. The first pattern is associated with an uneven strain-stress effect, while the last two patterns result from liquid seepage. To theoretically reproduce our previous experimental measurements, in this study, the experimental techniques have been further modified and improved to eliminate the associated uneven strain-stress effect by uniformly injecting water into a radial flow vessel. Experimentally, by generating slots near the gravel packing, sand failure dynamics, sand flow paths, and sand production for the clayey-silt sediments can be microscopically observed, geometrically depicted, and volumetrically quantified conditioned to different operational conditions (i.e., no hydraulic slot, single hydraulic slot without proppants, single hydraulic slot with different lengths, and double hydraulic slots with different intersection angles). Theoretically, a wormhole growth model has been proposed to reproduce the sand production for both hydrate-free and hydrate-bearing sandpacks by accounting for a sand failure criterion as well as the porosity and permeability alteration models. Good agreements between the measured and simulated data (i.e., pressure and temperature profiles, cumulative gas and water production, and produced sediment volumes) have been achieved. The experimental results show that hydraulic slotting can be used to not only effectively mitigate the skin effect near a wellbore but also decrease the pressure gradient near the wellbore. In this way, the possibility of sand failure is decreased if a predesigned hydraulic slotting after well completion is deployed. It is revealed that the operational conditions dictate the sand failure patterns, sand production volumes, and sizes of the produced particles. Similar to hydrate dissociation, sand production is also divided into three stages: before dissociation (transport of free particles or weakly consolidated particles), during hydrate dissociation (sand detachment because of the loss of hydrate cohesion and massive water production), and after hydrate dissociation (transport of fully unlocked particles). Furthermore, sensitivity analysis shows that cumulative sediment production and permeability increment are affected by the following strong-to-weak order: intrinsic failure resistance, tortuosity, Kozeny coefficient, and absolute permeability. Also, the breakdown pressure is dominated by absolute permeability, while pressure during the stable stage is mainly dictated by the intrinsic failure resistance, tortuosity, and Kozeny coefficient.
Research on sliding mode controller of high-speed maglev train under aerodynamic load
Authors: Liu Meng-juan , Wu Han , Zeng Xiao-Hui , Yin Bo , Hao Zhan-zhou
Published: May 2022

Maglev train is suspended through the surrounding track, which overcomes manydisadvantages caused by the direct contact between the wheel and rail oftraditional vehicles, such as excessive friction. It has the advantages of high speed,comfortable riding, less maintenance, strong climbing ability, and so on. However,when the train is running at high speed, it will be subjected to a strong unsteadyaerodynamic load. The violent disturbance of aerodynamic load will inevitablylead to the corresponding feedback of electromagnetic force and the change ofthe suspension gap, which will affect the stability and safety of the train.
Dairy intake in association with asthma symptoms among a large sample of children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Jamalvandi Mona , Sasanfar Bahareh , Nafei Zahra , Behniafard Nasrin , Jafari Marjan , Salehi-Abargouei Amin
Published: May 2022

Background and Objective: Dairy products may be associated to an increased risk of asthma, although there is little scientific evidence to back this up. The goal of this study was to exploring the association between dairy consumption and asthma symptoms.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on children and adolescents aged 6-8 and 13-14 living in central Iran. Dietary food consumption was assessed using a multiple-choice questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratios for the association between milk, other dairy products, and total dairy consumption with risk of asthma symptoms.Results: In total, 7667 participants (3414 boys and 4253 girls) were included in the current study. Milk intake and total dairy consumption were not associated with the likelihood of wheezing, asthma confirmed by a doctor, current asthma, and asthma medication use. also, there was no association between other dairy products intake and odds of wheezing in the past 12 months in the crude model. But, after adjustment for several confounders those in the top category had lower odds of wheezing in the past 12 months than those in the bottom category (OR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.40-0.85).Conclusion: In conclusion, the consumption of dairy products other than milk, including cheese and yogurt, might reduce the likelihood of wheezing in children and adolescents.
Performance Investigation and Development of 112 Gbit/s Dual Polarization 16 QAM Transmission system using differential encoding
Authors: Singh Shivmanmeet , Grewal Narwant Singh
Published: May 2022

This article reports the free space optics (FSO) with generation of a high bit rate transmission link with 16 QAM phase shift keyed signals. Optical receiver is proposed to mitigate the performance of demodulator under environmental conditions. Also, to resolve the adverse channel effects on the information signal digital signal processing (DSP) techniques at the receiver end are used. The bit error rate (BER) analysis using numerical simulations for divergent weather conditions is bring out and the results illustrate 112 Gbps transmission link. Further, the comparison is conducted with previous techniques which shows that the system provides better data rate performance and achievable range. The reported work provides a suitable reference towards optical communication under different environmental conditions.
Functional Assessment of AtPAP17; Encoding a Purple Acid Phosphatase Involve in Phosphate Metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Langeroudi Arash Jamali , Sabet Mohammad Sadegh , Jalai-Javaran Mokhtar , Zamani Katayoun , Lohrasebi Tahmineh , Malboobi Mohammad Ali
Published: May 2022

PurposePurple acid phosphatases (PAPs) have included the largest classes of non-specific plant acid phosphatases. Most characterized PAPs were found to play physiological functions in phosphorus metabolism. In this study, we investigated the function of AtPAP17 gene encoding an important purple acid phosphatase in A. thaliana.MethodsThe full-length cDNA sequence of AtPAP17 gene under the control of CaMV-35S promoter was transferred to the A. thaliana WT plant. The generated homozygote AtPAP17-overexpressed plants were compared by types of analyses with corresponding homozygote atpap17-mutant plant and WT in both of + P (1.2 mM) and –P (0 mM) conditions.ResultsThe highest and the lowest amount of Pi observed in AtPAP17-overexpressed plants with 111% more and atpap17-mutant plant by 38% less than WT in + P condition, respectively. Furthermore at the same condition, APase activity of AtPAP17-overexpressed plants increased 24% compared to the WT. Inversely, atpap17-mutant plant represented 71% decrease in compared to WT plants. The comparison of fresh weight and dry weight in the studied plants showed that the highest and the lowest amount of absorbed water belonged to OE plants (with 38 and 12 mg plant− 1) and Mu plants (with 22 and 7 mg plant− 1) in + P and –P conditions, respectively.ConclusionThe lack of AtPAP17 gene in the A. thaliana genome led to a remarkable reduction in the development of root biomass. Thus, AtPAP17 could has an important role in the root but not shoot developmental and structural programming. Consequently, this function enables them to absorb more water and eventually associated with more phosphate absorption.
Immunization and SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence in a country with high vaccination coverage: Lessons from Chile
Authors: Aguilera Ximena , Gonzalez Claudia , Apablaza Mauricio , Rubilar Paola , Icaza Gloria , Ramirez-Santana Muriel , Perez Claudia , Cortes Lina Jimena , Núñez-Franz Loreto , Quezada-Gaete Rubén , Castillo-Laborde Carla , Correa Juan , Said Macarena , Hormazábal Juan , Vial Cecilia , Vial Pablo
Published: May 2022

Objective: Chile is among the most successful nations worldwide in COVID-19 vaccine rollout. By December 31st, 2021, 84.1% of the population was fully vaccinated, and 56.1% received booster doses using DIFFERENT TYPES OF COVID-19 VACCINES. In this context, we aimed to estimate the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies following the infection and vaccination campaign.Study design: Population-based cross-sectional serosurvey based on a representative sample of the cities of Santiago, Coquimbo/La Serena, and Talca used in a previous study.Methods: We selected the participants using a three-stage stratified sampling. They were blood-sampled on-site and answered a questionnaire regarding COVID-19-associated variables and vaccination antecedents using Wantai SARS-CoV-2 Ab ELISA to determine seroprevalence. This research followed the generic protocol of World Health Organization Unity studies.Results: We recruited 2,198 individuals aged 7-93 between October 5th and November 25th, 2021. In our sample, 2,132 individuals received COVID-19 vaccinations (97%); 67 (3.1%) received one dose; 2,065 (93.9%) received the complete scheme; and 936 received the booster jab (42.6%). Antibody seroprevalence reached 97.3%, ranging from 40.9% among those not vaccinated to 99.8% in those with booster doses (OR=674.6, 154.8-2938.5). SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were associated with vaccination, previous COVID-19 diagnosis, age group, and city of residence. In contrast, we found no significant differences in the type of vaccine used, education, nationality, or type of health insurance.Conclusion: We found a seroprevalence close to 100% in the population aged seven years and older, primarily due to the successful vaccination program, which has a strong emphasis on universal access.