bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Telomere elongation in the gut extends zebrafish lifespan
Authors: Maï Mounir El , Guigonis Jean-Marie , Pourchet Thierry , Kang Da , Yue Jia-Xing , Ferreira Miguel Godinho
Published: January 2022

Telomere shortening is a hallmark of aging and is counteracted by telomerase. The gut is one of the earliest organs to exhibit short telomeres and tissue dysfunction during normal zebrafish aging. This is recapitulated in prematurely aged telomerase mutants (tert-/-). Here, we show that gut-specific telomerase activity in tert-/- zebrafish prevents premature aging. Induction of telomerase rescues gut senescence and low cell proliferation to wild-type levels, while restoring gut tissue integrity, inflammation, and age-dependent gut microbiota dysbiosis. Remarkably, averting gut dysfunction results in a systemic beneficial impact. Gut-specific telomerase activity rescues premature aging markers in remote organs, such as the reproductive (testes) and hematopoietic (kidney marrow) systems. Functionally, it also rescues age-dependent loss of male fertility and testes atrophy. Finally, we show that gut-specific telomerase activity increases the lifespan of telomerase mutants. Our work demonstrates that delaying telomere shortening in the gut is sufficient to systemically counteract aging in zebrafish.
A pleiotropic chemoreceptor facilitates the functional coupling of pheromone production and perception
Authors: Vernier Cassondra , Zelle Kathleen M. , Leitner Nicole , Liang Xitong , Halloran Sean , Millar Jocelyn G. , Ben-Shahar Yehuda
Published: January 2022

Optimal mating decisions depend on the robust coupling of signal production and perception because independent changes in either could carry a fitness cost. However, since the perception and production of mating signals are often mediated by different tissues and cell types, the mechanisms that drive and maintain their coupling remain unknown for most animal species. Here, we show that inDrosophila,sensory perception and production of an inhibitory mating pheromone are co-regulated byGr8a,a member of theGustatory receptorgene family. Specifically, we found that the pleiotropic action ofGr8aindependently regulates the perception of pheromones by the chemosensory systems of males and females, as well as their production in the fat body and oenocytes of males. These findings provide a relatively simple molecular explanation for how pleiotropic receptors maintain robust mating signaling systems at the population and species levels.
unc-37/Groucho and lsy-22/AES repress Wnt target genes in C. elegans asymmetric cell divisions
Authors: Bekas Kimberly N. , Phillips Bryan T.
Published: January 2022

Asymmetric cell division (ACD) is a fundamental mechanism of cell fate specification and adult tissue homeostasis. In C. elegans, the Wnt/β-catenin asymmetry (WβA) pathway regulates ACDs throughout embryonic and larval development. Under control of Wnt ligand-induced polarity, the transcription factor POP-1/TCF functions with the coactivator SYS-1/β-catenin to activate gene expression in the signaled cell or, in absence of the coactivator, to repress Wnt target genes in the unsignaled daughter cell. To date, investigation of Groucho function in WβA is lacking, and the function of LSY-22/AES has only been evaluated in C. elegans neurons. Further, conflicting evidence shows TCF utilizing Groucho-mediated repression may be either aided or repressed by AES addition. Here we demonstrate a genetic interaction between Groucho corepressors and POP-1/TCF in the distal tip cells (DTCs), seam cells (SCs) and embryonic endoderm development. In the DTCs, signaled cell fate increases after individual and double Groucho loss of function, representing the first demonstration of Groucho function in wildtype WβA ACDs. Further, WβA target gene misexpression occurs more frequently than DTC fate changes, suggesting derepression generates an intermediate cell fate. In the SCs, loss of UNC-37/Groucho or LSY-22/AES in a POP-1/TCF hypomorphic background enhances SC expansion and target gene misregulation. Moreover, while POP-1/TCF depletion in lsy-22/AES nulls yielded an expected increase in SCs we observed a surprising SC decrease in unc-37/Groucho nulls subjected to POP-1/TCF depletion. This phenotype correlates with UNC-37/Groucho regulation of pop-1/tcf expression since POP-1/TCF levels are increased in unc-37/Groucho null SCs. Lastly, Groucho functions in embryonic endoderm development since we observe ectopic endoderm transgene expression in unc-37/Groucho and lsy-22/AES knockdown in a HDA-1 background. Together, these data indicate Groucho-mediated modulation of cell fate via regulation of POP-1/TCF repression is widespread in WβA ACDs and suggests a novel role of LSY-22/AES as a bona fide TCF repressor.
A non-canonical RNA-binding domain of the Fragile X protein, FMRP, elicits translational repression independent of mRNA G-quadruplexes
Authors: Scarpitti MaKenzie R. , Warrick Julia E. , Yoder Evelyn L. , Kearse Michael G.
Published: January 2022

Loss of functional fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) causes fragile X syndrome, the leading form of inherited intellectual disability and the most common monogenic cause of autism spectrum disorders. FMRP is an RNA-binding protein that controls neuronal mRNA localization and translation. FMRP is thought to inhibit translation elongation after being recruited to target transcripts via binding RNA G-quadruplexes (G4s) within the coding sequence. Here, we directly test this model and report that FMRP inhibits translation independent of mRNA G4s.

Furthermore, we found that the RGG box motif together with its natural C-terminal domain forms a non-canonical RNA-binding domain (ncRBD) that is essential for translational repression. The ncRBD elicits broad RNA binding ability and binds to multiple reporter mRNAs and all four homopolymeric RNAs. Serial deletion analysis of the ncRBD identified that the regions required for mRNA-binding and translational repression overlap but are not identical. Consistent with FMRP stalling elongating ribosomes and causing the accumulation of slowed 80S ribosomes, transcripts bound by FMRP via the ncRBD co-sediment with heavier polysomes and were present in puromycin-resistant ribosome complexes. Together, this work identifies a ncRBD and translational repression domain that shifts our understanding of how FMRP inhibits translation independent of mRNA G4s.
WNK kinases sense molecular crowding and rescue cell volume via phase separation
Authors: Boyd-Shiwarski Cary R. , Shiwarski Daniel J. , Griffiths Shawn E. , Beacham Rebecca T. , Norrell Logan , Morrison Daryl E. , Wang Jun , Mann Jacob , Tennant William , Anderson Eric N. , Franks Jonathan , Calderon Michael , Connolly Kelly A. , Weaver Claire J. , Weckerly Claire C. , Pandey Udai Bhan , Donnelly Christopher J. , Sun Dandan , Rodan Aylin R. , Subramanya Arohan R.
Published: January 2022

When challenged by hypertonicity, dehydrated cells must defend their volume to survive. This process requires the phosphorylation-dependent regulation of SLC12 cation chloride transporters by WNK kinases, but how these kinases are activated by cell shrinkage remains unknown. Within seconds of cell exposure to hypertonicity, WNK1 concentrates into membraneless droplets, initiating a phosphorylation-dependent signal that drives net ion influx via the SLC12 cotransporters to rescue volume. The formation of WNK1 condensates is driven by its intrinsically disordered C-terminus, whose evolutionarily conserved signatures are necessary for efficient phase separation and volume recovery. This disorder-encoded phase behavior occurs within physiological constraints and is activated in vivo by molecular crowding rather than changes in cell size. This allows WNK1 to bypass a strengthened ionic milieu that favors kinase inactivity and reclaim cell volume through condensate-mediated signal amplification. Thus, WNK kinases are physiological crowding sensors that phase separate to coordinate a cell volume rescue response.
The hippocampus as a sorter and reverberatory integrator of sensory inputs
Authors: Nomoto Masanori , Murayama Emi , Ohno Shuntaro , Okubo-Suzuki Reiko , Muramatsu Shin-ichi , Inokuchi Kaoru
Published: January 2022

In entorhinal-hippocampal networks, the trisynaptic pathway, including the CA3 recurrent circuit, processes episodes of context and space1-3. Recurrent connectivity can generate reverberatory activity4-6, an intrinsic activity pattern of neurons that occurs after sensory inputs have ceased. However, the role of reverberatory activity in memory encoding remains incompletely understood. Here we demonstrate that in mice, synchrony between conditioned stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (US)-responsible cells occurs during the reverberatory phase, lasting for approximately 15 s, but not during CS and US inputs, in the CA1 and the reverberation is crucial for the linking of CS and US in the encoding of delay-type cued-fear memory. Retrieval-responsive cells developed primarily during the reverberatory phase. Mutant mice lacking N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NRs) in CA3 showed a cued-fear memory impairment and a decrease in synchronized reverberatory activities between CS- and US-responsive CA1 cells. Optogenetic CA3 silencing at the reverberatory phase during learning impaired cued-fear memory. Our findings suggest that reverberation recruits future retrieval-responsive cells via synchrony between CS- and US-responsive cells. The hippocampus uses reverberatory activity to link CS and US inputs, and avoid crosstalk during sensory inputs.
Closed-loop recruitment of striatal parvalbumin interneurons prevents the onset of compulsive behaviours
Authors: Mondragón-González Sirenia Lizbeth , Schreiweis C Christiane , Burguière E Eric
Published: January 2022

A prominent electrophysiological feature of compulsive behaviours is striatal hyperactivity, yet, its underlying regulatory processes still need to be characterised. Within the striatum, parvalbumin-positive interneurons (PVI) exert a powerful feed-forward inhibition essential for the regulation of striatal activity and are implied in the suppression of prepotent inappropriate actions. To investigate the potential role of striatal PVI in regulating striatal activity and compulsive behaviours, we used the Sapap3 knockout mice (Sapap3-KO), which exhibit compulsive-like self-grooming. We first showed that the number of compulsive-like events in Sapap3-KO mice was reduced to normal levels by continuous optogenetic activation of striatal PVI in the centromedial striatum. To narrow down the critical time window of striatal PVI recruitment for regulating compulsive-like grooming, we then developed a novel closed-loop optogenetic stimulation pipeline. Upon a predictive biomarker of grooming onsets, characterised by a transient power increase of 1-4 Hz frequency band in the orbitofrontal cortex, we provided real-time closed-loop stimulation of striatal PVI. This targeted closed-loop optogenetics approach reduced grooming events as efficiently as continuous recruitment of striatal PVI with a reduction of stimulation time of 87%. Together, these results demonstrated that recruitment of striatal PVI at the initiation of the compulsive events is sufficient to drastically reduce compulsive-like behaviours and pave the way for targeted closed-loop therapeutic protocols.
A human fetal lung cell atlas uncovers proximal-distal gradients of differentiation and key regulators of epithelial fates
Authors: He Peng , Lim Kyungtae , Sun Dawei , Pett Jan Patrick , Jeng Quitz , Polanski Krzysztof , Dong Ziqi , Bolt Liam , Richardson Laura , Mamanova Lira , Dabrowska Monika , Wilbrey-Clark Anna , Madissoon Elo , Tuong Zewen Kelvin , Dann Emma , Suo Chenqu , Goh Isaac , Yoshida Masahiro , Nikolić Marko Z , Janes Sam M , He Xiaoling , Barker Roger A , Teichmann Sarah A , Marioni John C. , Meyer Kerstin B , Rawlins Emma L
Published: January 2022

We present a multiomic cell atlas of human lung development that combines single cell RNA and ATAC sequencing, high throughput spatial transcriptomics and single cell imaging. Coupling single cell methods with spatial analysis has allowed a comprehensive cellular survey of the epithelial, mesenchymal, endothelial and erythrocyte/leukocyte compartments from 5-22 post conception weeks. We identify new cell states in all compartments. These include developmental-specific secretory progenitors and a new subtype of neuroendocrine cell related to human small cell lung cancer. Our datasets are available through our web interface (https://lungcellatlas.org). Finally, to illustrate its general utility, we use our cell atlas to generate predictions about cell-cell signalling and transcription factor hierarchies which we test using organoid models.

Highlights

Spatiotemporal atlas of human lung development from 5-22 post conception weeks identifies 144 cell types/states.

Tracking the developmental origins of multiple cell compartments, including new progenitor states.

Functional diversity of fibroblasts in distinct anatomical signalling niches.

Resource applied to interrogate and experimentally test the transcription factor code controlling neuroendocrine cell heterogeneity and the origins of small cell lung cancer.
Crystal structures of bacterial Small Multidrug Resistance transporter EmrE in complex with structurally diverse substrates
Authors: Kermani Ali A. , Burata Olive E. , Koff B. Ben , Koide Akiko , Koide Shohei , Stockbridge Randy B.
Published: January 2022

Proteins from the bacterial small multidrug resistance (SMR) family are proton-coupled exporters of diverse antiseptics and antimicrobials, including polyaromatic cations and quaternary ammonium compounds. The transport mechanism of the Escherichia coli transporter, EmrE, has been studied extensively, but a lack of high-resolution structural information has impeded a structural description of its molecular mechanism. Here we apply a novel approach, multipurpose crystallization chaperones, to solve several structures of EmrE, including a 2.9 Å structure at low pH without substrate. We report five additional structures in complex with structurally diverse transported substrates, including quaternary phosphonium, quaternary ammonium, and planar polyaromatic compounds. These structures show that binding site tryptophan and glutamate residues adopt different rotamers to conform to disparate structures without requiring major rearrangements of the backbone structure. Structural and functional comparison to Gdx-Clo, an SMR protein that transports a much narrower spectrum of substrates, suggests that in EmrE, a relatively sparse hydrogen bond network among binding site residues permits increased sidechain flexibility.
Redetermination of the structure of 2-amino-8-thia-1,5-diazaspiro[4.5]dec-1-en-5-ium chloride monohydrate
Authors: Kayukova Lyudmila A. , Yergaliyeva Elmira M. , Vologzhanina Anna V.
Published: January 2022

The reaction of β-(thiomorpholin-1-yl)propioamidoxime with tosyl chloride in CHCl3 in the presence of DIPEA when heated at 343 K for 8 h afforded the title hydrated salt, C7H14N3S+·Cl−·H2O, in 84% yield. This course of the tosylation reaction differs from the result of tosylation obtained for this substrate at room temperature, when only 2-amino-8-thia-1,5-diazaspiro[4.5]dec-1-ene-5-ammonium tosylate was isolated in 56% yield. The structure of the reaction product was established by physicochemical methods, spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The single-crystal data demonstrated that the previously reported crystal structure of this compound [Kayukova et al. (2021). Chem. J. Kaz, 74, 21–31] had been refined in a wrong space group. In the extended structure, the chloride anions, water molecules and amine groups of the cations form two-periodic hydrogen-bonded networks with the fes topology.
Examining the influential factors of consumer purchase intentions for blockchain traceable coffee using the theory of planned behaviour
Authors: Dionysis Symeon , Chesney Thomas , McAuley Derek
Published: January 2022

Purpose

Given the increasing industry interest in blockchain technologies for supply chain management and product traceability, this paper aims to investigate consumer purchasing intentions for blockchain traceable coffee and their psychosocial antecedents, utilising an extended model of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB).

Design/methodology/approach

An online questionnaire study of 123 participants was deployed, using two traceability systems (one based on blockchain and one on a more established traceability certification) for organic coffee.

Findings

Adding variables such as environmental protections, trust and habits significantly increased the predictive power of TPB. The results suggest that attitude, perceived behavioural control and environmental protections drive intentions to purchase blockchain traceable coffee.

Research limitations/implications

Apart from establishing the factors affecting consumer intentions for blockchain traceable coffee, this study validates the TPB as a model of explaining coffee purchasing intentions and provides evidence of new variables that can significantly increase the model's predictive power.

Practical implications

The proposed format of presenting traceability information along with the significant variables revealed in our study can function as a guide for designing product features and marketing strategies for blockchain traceable organic coffee. Increasing consumer awareness on product traceability will also play a crucial role in the success of these products.

Originality/value

This study is the first to explore consumer purchasing intentions for blockchain traceable coffee and establish the psychosocial variables behind them contributing, in that way, to an understudied area in academic literature as well as providing insights for a more consumer-centric design of such products.
Economic analysis of the environmental sustainability of agriculture: recent studies using quasi-experimental methods
Authors: Zhang Wei
Published: January 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this review article is to demonstrate how the quasi-experimental approach has been used to study environmental and natural resource issues related to agricultural production.

Design/methodology/approach

This review article first provides a short introduction to the quasi-experimental approach using the potential outcomes framework and then uses studies on the environmental sustainability of agricultural production to illustrate how quasi-experimental methods have been applied. Papers reviewed consist of studies that estimate the environmental externalities from agricultural production, evaluate agri-environmental and other related policies and programs, and demonstrate issues related to on-farm resource use and climate adaptation.

Findings

Difference-in-differences (DID) and two-way fixed effects methods that utilize the spatial and temporal variation in panel data are widely used to estimate the causal impact of changes in agricultural production and policy on the environment. Utilizing the discontinuities and limits created by agricultural policies and regulations, local treatment effects on land and other input use are estimated using regression discontinuity (RD) or instrumental variable (IV) methods with cross-sectional data.

Originality/value

Challenges faced by the food systems have made agricultural sustainability more critical than ever. Over the past three decades, the quasi-experimental approach has become the powerhouse of applied economic research. This review article focuses on quasi-experimental studies on the environmental sustainability of agriculture to provide methodological insights and to highlight gaps in the economics literature of agricultural sustainability.
Are the macroeconomic effects on oil price asymmetric? An asymmetric quantile regression approach
Authors: Alqaralleh Huthaifa
Published: January 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to contribute to the clarification of whether the dependence and causality between oil and the macrofundamentals change across different quantiles of the distribution function.

Design/methodology/approach

Within the context of an asymmetric quantile approach, we drop the assumption that variables operate at the upper tails of the distribution in the way that they operate at the mean.

Findings

Our innovative approach indicates that the response of oil prices not only differs according to the underlying source of the variables shock but also differs across the quantiles.

Originality/value

Although a number of recent studies are closely related to our present research, our novel findings offer some important insights that foreshadow the empirical results. The current research addresses to answer the following questions, in sequence: (i) Is there any extreme value dependence between the crude oil and macroeconomic variables? If yes, (ii) is the dependence symmetric or asymmetric? Finally, (iii) can this dependence be driven by the phases of the economic cycle?
Tourists’ real-time destination image of Kuala Lumpur
Authors: Syed Jaafar Syed Muhammad Rafy , Ismail Hairul Nizam , Md Khairi Nurul Diyana
Published: January 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to capture real-time images of tourists during their visitation. This effort is to clarify a debate among scholars that there is a lack of current effort to genuinely represent an accurate image of the tourist experience during their visit. Previous studies on destination image focused on measuring and successfully capturing the tourists' perceived image using the perspective of “before and after” visitation.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper applies volunteer-employed photography and questionnaire methods to capture real-time tourist images. The paper was conducted in Kuala Lumpur, involving 384 international tourists. The data are analysed by supplemental photo analysis, was categorised into manifest and latent content.

Findings

The paper provides empirical insights into the changes in tourists' image when visiting an urban destination. The insights suggest that a city's image during visitation continuously changes based on the tourists' movement and preferences.

Practical implications

The findings of this paper are critical in assisting tourism agencies and authorities in portraying an accurate image to achieve greater tourism satisfaction.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to the interpretation and portrayal of the real-time image of Kuala Lumpur based on the manifest and latent content of the photos taken.
Visuals misleading consumers? Testing the visual superiority effect in advertising
Authors: Kim Kyongseok , Kim Hyang-Sook
Published: January 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to test the visual superiority effect in a verisimilar scenario that an industry association seeks to manipulate consumers using a visual element in its ad while providing an ostensibly balanced claim about the potential health effects of stevia.

Design/methodology/approach

Two experiments were conducted. In Study 1, an online experiment was conducted with a sample of 112 adult consumers using a two-group (headline frame type: gain vs loss), post-test only design with additional planned analysis of an individual difference (i.e. regulatory focus). In Study 2, another online experiment was implemented with a sample of 175 adults using a 2 (headline frame type: gain vs loss) × 2 (image valence: positive vs negative) between-subjects design with additional planned analysis of regulatory focus. The hypotheses were tested by running the PROCESS macro on SPSS.

Findings

The results showed that when exposed to the advertising message designed to elicit uncertainty, participants relied more on the visual than the textual content (i.e. framed headline and body text) in forming attitude toward the behavior (i.e. consuming stevia). Analysis of cognitive responses also revealed that those who received the stimulus ad with an image added (Study 2) generated significantly fewer thoughts related to the textual content of the ad than those who received the ad with no image (Study 1).

Originality/value

This study represents one of the earliest experimental inquiries into the visual superiority effect in an advertising context. While earlier studies have tended to rely on dual-processing models to test the effects of advertising stimuli featuring both textual and visual elements, the findings of this study (e.g. visual content overwhelmed its textual counterpart in producing persuasive effects) somewhat contradict the premise of dual-processing models.
Trust building in science-based SMEs in the North East of England: an ecosystem perspective
Authors: Pattinson Steven , Cunningham James , Preece David , Davies Mark A. P.
Published: January 2022

Purpose

This paper identifies exigent factors that enable and constrain trust building in a science-based innovation ecosystem.

Design/methodology/approach

Set in the Northeast England, this study adopts a processual sensemaking approach to thematically analyse interviews with a diverse range of participants in six science-based SMEs.

Findings

The findings provide a unique exposition of trust building in an innovation ecosystem across geographic and platform relationships. In doing so, the findings highlight factors outside of contractual agreements that enable or constrain trust building in an innovation ecosystem.

Research limitations/implications

Limitations centred on subjectivity in the use of thematic analysis, sample bias and size. Sampling limitations were mitigated through the research design and analysis.

Practical implications

The findings provide unique insights into understanding the exigent factors that enable or constrain trust building in a science-based innovation ecosystem.

Originality/value

The study identifies five exigent factors that constrain or enable trust building in science-based SMEs' innovation ecosystem at a micro-level – building network relationships, degree of novelty, protection of innovations, propensity for adding value, propensity for risk.
Loyalties divided or identities as resources? The role of external relational identification in facilitating socialization
Authors: Anzollitto Peter , Cooper Danielle
Published: January 2022

Purpose

Although research regarding socialization processes recognizes the importance of organizational identification for newcomer adjustment outcomes, it has less frequently considered the impact of newcomer identification with targets external to the organization. This study aims to investigate whether relational identification with identities external to the organization can be beneficial for socialization outcomes, a relationship the authors describe through the conservation of resources theory. At a time when newcomers are expending resources and may not have a support system inside the organization, important identities may foster success through building a resource base of support available to the newcomer.

Design/methodology/approach

Two studies were conducted with newcomers, both groups responded to multi-wave surveys. The authors conducted an initial study with undergraduate students (n = 45) in their first semester of college and a second study with working individuals employed full time in their first year in a new organization (n = 148).

Findings

Relational identification with identities external to the organization is positively related to job engagement through the dual mediation of social support and psychological well-being. The results indicate that these external resources encourage well-being and free newcomers to invest in becoming physically, emotionally and cognitively engaged with their new jobs.

Practical implications

The results suggest that organizations may wish to take care in helping newcomers maintain strong relational identities outside the organization while becoming connected with their new organization.

Originality/value

The findings suggest that external relational identities are a neglected and important element influencing the socialization process.
Overlapping optimization of hybrid deposited and micro-rolling additive manufacturing
Authors: Zhao Xushan , Wang Yuanxun , Zhang Haiou , Li Runsheng , Chen Xi , Fu Youheng
Published: January 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to summarize the influence law of hybrid deposited and micro-rolling (HDMR) technology on the bead morphology and overlapping coefficient. A better bead topology positively supports the overlapping deposited in multi-beads between layers while actively assisting the subsequent layer's deposition in the wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). Hybrid-deposited and micro-rolling (HDMR) additive manufacturing (AM) technology can smooth the weld bead for improved surface quality. However, the micro-rolling process will change the weld bead profile fitting curve to affect the overlapping coefficient.

Design/methodology/approach

Weld bead contours for WAAM and HDMR were extracted using line lasers. A comparison of bead profile curves was conducted to determine the influence law of micro-zone rolling on the welding bead contour and fitting curve. Aiming at the optimized overlapping coefficient of weld bead in HDMR AM, the optimal HDMR overlapping coefficient curve was proposed which varies with the reduction based on the best surface flatness. The mathematical model for overlapping in HDMR was checked by comparing the HDMR weld bead contours under different rolling reductions.

Findings

A fitting function of the bead forming by HDMR AM was proposed based on the law of conservation of mass. The change rule of the HDMR weld bead overlapping spacing with the degree of weld bead rolling reduction was generated using the flat-top transition calculation for this model. Considering the damming-up impact of the first bead, the overlapping coefficient was examined for its effect on layer surface flatness.

Originality/value

Using the predicted overlapping model, the optimal overlapping coefficients for different rolling reductions can be achieved without experiments. These conclusions can encourage the development of HDMR technology.
Development and experimental study of an automated laser-foil-printing additive manufacturing system
Authors: Hung Chia-Hung , Turk Tunay , Sehhat M. Hossein , Leu Ming C.
Published: January 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to present the development and experimental study of a fully automated system using a novel laser additive manufacturing technology called laser foil printing (LFP), to fabricate metal parts layer by layer. The mechanical properties of parts fabricated with this novel system are compared with those of comparable methodologies to emphasize the suitability of this process.

Design/methodology/approach

Test specimens and parts with different geometries were fabricated from 304L stainless steel foil using an automated LFP system. The dimensions of the fabricated parts were measured, and the mechanical properties of the test specimens were characterized in terms of mechanical strength and elongation.

Findings

The properties of parts fabricated with the automated LFP system were compared with those of parts fabricated with the powder bed fusion additive manufacturing methods. The mechanical strength is higher than those of parts fabricated by the laser powder bed fusion and directed energy deposition technologies.

Originality/value

To the best knowledge of authors, this is the first time a fully automated LFP system has been developed and the properties of its fabricated parts were compared with other additive manufacturing methods for evaluation.
Systematic reviews and meta‐analyses: Bigger is not necessarily better
Authors: van der Slink Laurine L.
Published: January 2022

Linked article: This is a mini commentary on Laura J. O’Byrne et al., pp. 1236–1246 in this issue. To view this article visit https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.17093.
The role of mechanical ventilation in primary graft dysfunction in the postoperative lung transplant recipient: A single center study and literature review
Authors: Niroomand Anna , Qvarnström Sara , Stenlo Martin , Malmsjö Malin , Ingemansson Richard , Hyllén Snejana , Lindstedt Sandra
Published: January 2022

Background

Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is still a major complication in patients undergoing lung transplantation (LTx). Much is unknown about the effect of postoperative mechanical ventilation on outcomes, with debate on the best approach to ventilation.

Aim/Purpose

The goal of this study was to generate hypotheses on the association between postoperative mechanical ventilation settings and allograft size matching in PGD development.

Method

This is a retrospective study of LTx patients between September 2011 and September 2018 (n = 116). PGD was assessed according to the International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) criteria. Data were collected from medical records, including chest x‐ray assessments, blood gas analysis, mechanical ventilator parameters and spirometry.

Results

Positive end‐expiratory pressures (PEEP) of 5 cm H2O were correlated with lower rates of grade 3 PGD. Graft size was important as tidal volumes calculated according to the recipient yielded greater rates of PGD when low volumes were used, a correlation that was lost when donor metrics were used.

Conclusion

Our results highlight a need for greater investigation of the role donor characteristics play in determining post‐operative ventilation of a lung transplant recipient. The mechanical ventilation settings on postoperative LTx recipients may have an implication for the development of acute graft dysfunction. Severe PGD was associated with the use of a PEEP higher than 5 and lower tidal volumes and oversized lungs were associated with lower long‐term mortality. Lack of association between ventilatory settings and survival may point to the importance of other variables than ventilation in the development of PGD.
A large‐scale genetic correlation scan between rheumatoid arthritis and human blood metabolites
Authors: Yuan Guolian , Luo Pan , Xu Ke , Jing Wensen , Zhang Feng
Published: January 2022

Background

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex disease with several risk factors. The effects of blood metabolites on RA remains elusive. We conducted a genetic correlation scan to explore the relevance of blood metabolism with RA.

Method

The genome‐wide association study (GWAS) dataset of RA(2014) was obtained from a large scale meta‐analysis, including 29,880 RA cases and 73,758 controls. The GWAS datasets of 529 blood metabolites were derived from a recently published study. Linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) analysis was performed to evaluate the genetic correlation between each of the blood metabolite and RA(2014). Then we used another GWAS data of RA(2021) and blood metabolites for LDSC analysis to verify whether the same blood metabolites were genetically correlated with RA. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was then applied to assess the causal relationship between the significant blood metabolites identified by LDSC and RA(2014).

Result

Six suggestive blood metabolites were identified for RA(2014), including 10‐Undecenoate (correlation coefficient = −0.1686, p value = 0.0394), isovalerylcarnitine (correlation coefficient = 0.1660 p value = 0.0273), proline (correlation coefficient = 0.1647, p value = 0.0145), pantothenate (correlation coefficient = −0.3311, p value = 0.0078), tyrosine (correlation coefficient = 0.1735, p value = 0.0010), X‐14057 (correlation coefficient = 0.2695, p value = 0.0373). We identified four blood metabolites may have genetic correlations with RA(2021), including oleoylcarnitine (correlation coefficient = 0.1927, p value = 0.0432), levulinate (correlation coefficient = 0.1008, p value = 0.0413), pantothenate (correlation coefficient = −0.2311, p value = 0.0180), tyrosine (correlation coefficient = 0.1301, p value = 0.0078). There are two identical blood metabolites were found to be related with RA: pantothenate and tyrosine. It was found that there was a significant positive causal relationship between RA (exposure) and 10‐Undecenoate (outcome) (β = 0.0077, SE = 0.0033, p = 0.0192) by MR analysis.

Conclusion

We investigated the genetic correlation and causal relationship between RA and blood metabolites by LDSC and MR analysis. These results may provide novel insights into the genetic mechanism of RA.
Application of the laboratory risk indicator for necrotizing fasciitis score to the head and neck: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kim Do Hyun , Kim Sung Won , Hwang Se Hwan
Published: January 2022

Background

Recent studies have attempted to verify the predictive capability of the Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis (LRINEC) for cervical necrotizing fasciitis (CNF).

Methods

The two authors independently reviewed six databases (PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science, SCOPUS and Google Scholar databases were searched). Seven cohort studies were included in the analysis. Sensitivity and specificity were determined by extracting items from binary classification from each paper. The diagnostic accuracy of the included studies was evaluated using QUADAS ver. 2.

Results

The diagnostic odds ratio (OR) of LRINEC for CNF with the cutoff value of 6 was 13.9952 (95% CI, 3.8537; 50.8255, I2 = 76.7%). The area under the SROC curve was 0.842, suggesting acceptable diagnostic accuracy. The correlation between sensitivity and false positive rate was 0.055, indicating that it was not heterogeneous. The sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive values were 0.7503 ([0.4637; 0.9126], I2 = 79.1%), 0.8455 ([0.7084; 0.9250], I2 = 96.0%) and 0.9829 ([0.9089; 0.9970], I2 = 93.7%), respectively. In the comparison of subgroups according to a LRINEC score (6–8, and), the cutoff value of 6 showed moderate sensitivity (75%) and high specificity (85%) and greater diagnostic power than other cutoff values.

Conclusions

LRINEC is a useful adjunctive tool for predicting CNF in patients with a soft tissue infection. In addition, a more accurate diagnosis is possible by using the LRINEC score with a cutoff value of 6.
Proteomic analysis of human hippocampal subfields provides new insights into the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease and the role of glial cells
Authors: Gao Yanpan , Liu Jiaqi , Wang Jiayu , Liu Yifan , Zeng Ling‐Hui , Ge Wei , Ma Chao
Published: January 2022

The hippocampus and entorhinal cortex (EC), the earliest affected areas, are considered relative to early memory loss in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The hippocampus is composed of heterogeneous subfields that are affected in a different order and varying degrees during AD pathogenesis. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive proteomic analysis of the hippocampal subfields and EC region in human postmortem specimens obtained from the Chinese human brain bank. Bioinformatics analysis identified region‐consistent differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) which associated with astrocytes, and region‐specific DEPs which associated with oligodendrocytes and the myelin sheath. Further analysis illuminated that the region‐consistent DEPs functioned as connection of region‐specific DEPs. Moreover, in region‐consistent DEPs, the expression level of S100A10, a marker of protective astrocytes, was increased in both aging and AD patients. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed an increase in the number of S100A10‐positive astrocytes in all hippocampal subfields and the EC region of AD patients. Dual immunofluorescence results further showed that S100A10‐positive astrocytes contained apoptotic neuron debris in AD patients, suggesting that S100A10‐positive astrocytes may protect brain through phagocytosis of apoptotic neurons. In region‐specific DEPs, the proteome showed a specific reduction of oligodendrocytes and myelin markers in CA1, CA3, and EC regions of AD patients. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the loss of myelin in EC region. Above all, these results highlight the role of the glial cells in AD and provide new insights into the pathogenesis of AD and potential therapeutic strategies.
Stability and change in gartersnake social networks across ontogeny
Authors: Skinner Morgan , Miller Noam
Published: January 2022

Developmental studies of sociality in non‐human animals can offer important insights into the evolution, function, and plasticity of social behavior, especially in understudied species. We examined the development of social behavior in gartersnakes. We hypothesized that social interactions change as snakes age, but are relatively stable in the short term. To assess developmental changes in social patterns, we examined the social tendencies of a group of 6 eastern gartersnakes over the first year and a half of their lives. We placed the snakes in an arena for 8 days and recorded the time that they spent in physical proximity to each other. We repeated this 8‐day process 7 times across the snakes’ development. We looked at changes in association patterns and individual differences in sociality (i.e., network position), and examined the effect of group size reduction on social behavior. We found that individuals tended to show repeatable network position across time, but there was a behavioral divide between younger snakes and mature snakes. When male snakes reached sexual maturity, they began initiating most social interactions. Additionally, group member attrition caused the networks to tighten, and the population reduction in combination with sexual maturity created stable social networks. This research shows that social context can have important effects on sociability, and that even a species without permanent social groups will be influenced by its social environment.
TRUE Dads: The impact of a couples‐based fatherhood intervention on family relationships, child outcomes, and economic self‐sufficiency
Authors: Cowan Philip A. , Cowan Carolyn Pape , Gillette Peter F.
Published: January 2022

TRUE Dads, a federally funded Responsible Fatherhood intervention, aims to strengthen three of men's key roles in the family: (1) as fathers, building and maintaining positive engagement with their child; (2) as partners, maintaining a positive relationship with their co‐parent; and (3) as providers, through fostering employment and economic self‐sufficiency. A feature of the program is that low‐income fathers and their co‐parenting partners participate together in 6 3‐hour group workshops, followed by optional participation in an additional 6 3‐hour workshops. Fathers in the intervention condition were offered a chance to participate in a 2‐week employment program. 1,042 co‐parenting teams were recruited and randomly assigned to TRUE Dads’ group intervention (60%) or a no‐treatment control group (40%). In analyses of single measures, one year after study entry, compared with no‐treatment controls, TRUE Dads program participants reported fewer depressive symptoms, less destructive couple communication and domestic violence, and increased employment for fathers. Using expanded latent variable measures of core constructs, Structural Equation Modeling revealed indirect effects of the intervention, in which reductions in both parents’ negative symptoms and destructive couple communication were associated with (a) reductions in negative parenting qualities and children's behavior problems and (b) increases in fathers’ economic self‐sufficiency. Reducing parents’ personal distress and improving relationship quality between co‐parents appears to be important to enhancing fathers’ positive family engagement. From a family policy perspective, the results suggest that integration rather than separation of healthy marriage, responsible fatherhood, and employment programs could provide synergistic power to programs designed to strengthen low‐income families.
Therapeutic opportunities for senolysis in cardiovascular disease
Authors: Sweeney Mark , Cook Stuart A. , Gil Jesús
Published: January 2022

Cellular senescence within the cardiovascular system has, until recently, been understudied and unappreciated as a factor in the development of age‐related cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure, myocardial infarction and atherosclerosis. This is in part due to challenges with defining senescence within post‐mitotic cells such as cardiomyocytes. However, recent evidence has demonstrated senescent‐like changes, including a senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP), in cardiomyocytes in response to ageing and cell stress. Other replicating cells, including fibroblasts and vascular smooth muscle cells, within the cardiovascular system have also been shown to undergo senescence and contribute to disease pathogenesis. These findings coupled with the emergence of senolytic therapies, to target and eliminate senescent cells, have provided fascinating new avenues for management of several age‐related cardiovascular diseases with high prevalence. In this review, we discuss the role of senescent cells within the cardiovascular system and highlight the contribution of senescence cells to common cardiovascular diseases. We discuss the emerging role for senolytics in cardiovascular disease management while highlighting important aspects of senescence biology which must be clarified before the potential of senolytics can be fully realized.
Interdental plaque reduction after the use of different devices in patients with periodontitis and interdental recession: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Gennai Stefano , Nisi Marco , Perić Marina , Marhl Urska , Izzetti Rossana , Tonelli Matteo , Petrini Morena , Graziani Filippo
Published: January 2022

Objectives

To determine the efficacy of four different oral hygiene protocols involving adjunctive interdental devices in terms of plaque and bleeding scores in periodontitis‐affected patients.

Material and methods

This was a randomized clinical trial with a 5‐week follow‐up, including previously treated periodontitis patients not undergoing any supportive care. Patients were randomly allocated to 4 groups: manual toothbrush (group TB); toothbrush plus dental floss (group TB/F); toothbrush plus interdental brushes (group TB/IDB) and toothbrush plus rubber interdental picks (group TB/RIDB). Oral hygiene instructions (OHI) were provided at baseline (T‐7) and at T0 (1‐week) then bi‐weekly (T14/T28). At T0, supragingival professional cleaning was delivered. Plaque and bleeding indexes were taken at all timepoints by a single calibrated examiner, blind to group allocation.

Results

At T‐7, patients were comparable for age, body mass index (BMI) and all clinical parameters, exceptions for the Interdental Angulated Bleeding Index. At T28, significant reductions of plaque and gingival inflammation were noted in all groups (p < 0.001) and within the expected ranges. Intergroup comparisons identified that group TB/IDB and group TB/RIDB achieved lower levels of plaque and inflammation than group TB (p < 0.05). Group TB/IDB and group TB/RIDB showed lower levels of plaque and lower inflammation as measured by angulated bleeding index than group TB/RIDB (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Interdental brushes and rubber interdental picks were more efficient than toothbrushing alone and toothbrushing and floss in reducing plaque and gingival inflammation measured in a periodontitis‐affected population.