bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aerodynamic optimization of the exhaust system of an aft-mounted boundary layer ingestion propulsor
Authors: Matesanz-García Jesús , Piovesan Tommaso , MacManus David G.
Published: December 2022

Purpose

Novel aircraft propulsion configurations require a greater integration of the propulsive system with the airframe. As a consequence of the closer integration of the propulsive system, higher levels of flow distortion at the fan face are expected. This distortion will propagate through the fan and penalize the system performance. This will also modify the exhaust design requirements. This paper aims to propose a methodology for the aerodynamic optimization of the exhaust for novel embedded propulsive systems. To model the distortion transfer, a low order throughflow fan model is included.

Design/methodology/approach

As the case study a 2D axisymmetric aft-mounted annular boundary layer ingestion (BLI) propulsor is used. An automated computational fluid dynamics approach is applied with a parametric definition of the design space. A throughflow body force model for the fan is implemented and validated for 2D axisymmetric and 3D flows. A multi-objective optimization based on evolutionary algorithms is used for the exhaust design.

Findings

By the application of the optimization methodology, a maximum benefit of approximately 0.32% of the total aircraft required thrust was observed by the application of compact exhaust designs. Furthermore, for the embedded system, it is observed that the design of the compact exhaust and the nacelle afterbody have a considerable impact on the aerodynamic performance.

Originality/value

This paper presents a novel approach for the exhaust design of embedded propulsive systems in novel aircraft configurations. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first detailed optimization of the exhaust system on an annular aft-mounted BLI propulsor.
An assessment of key sustainability competencies: a review of scales and propositions for validation
Authors: Annelin Alice , Boström Gert-Olof
Published: December 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to review and provide propositions about survey assessment tools of the key sustainability competencies (KSCs) of education for sustainability. UNESCO points out how education plays an important role in transforming societies towards a sustainable future and achieving the United Nations’ sustainable development goals. To plan education for sustainability, teachers need to know the students’ competencies for sustainability before they come to class. Thus, a formative assessment about student competence for sustainability is needed.

Design/methodology/approach

Firstly, a structured literature review of assessment tools used to measure sustainability competencies by questionnaire survey is presented. Secondly, the authors’ conceptualise how the competencies influence each other and provide propositions for future research.

Findings

The literature demonstrates that there is much ambiguity between prior research about the scales used and what they represent. A lack of validation across disciplines is apparent and an assessment tool that includes all eight KSCs could benefit education for sustainability. Future research could investigate how the competencies influence each other and which drivers are stronger for each discipline across different countries. A formative assessment tool can address this need.

Originality/value

The findings provide a new analysis about questionnaire assessment tools used in prior research to measure sustainability competence. The authors’ offer a discussion about the strengths and weaknesses found in prior research and propose suggestions for future research. Their conceptualisation also provides propositions for validating the KSCs presented in a recent framework.
Genealogy tourism and city tourism in Coimbra. Proposal for a Jewish culture route
Authors: Santos Norberto , Oliveira Moreira Claudete , Silveira Luís
Published: December 2022

Purpose

Tourism in Coimbra today is influenced by the fact that the Univer(s)city was distinguished as a World Heritage Site in 2013. The number of visits has grown very significantly in recent years, but the diversification of the tourist offer is still weak and unable to take advantage of existing resources. This paper aims to present genealogy tourism as an alternative urban cultural tourism in Coimbra.

Design/methodology/approach

Methodology involved mapping the Jewish culture elements in the city of Coimbra, and a route was outlined and proposed.

Findings

Genealogy tourism resources are identified in the historic centre of the city. These alternative spaces need urban rehabilitation and (re)functionalisation, which allowed the authors to rethink tourism in Coimbra. They are the motivation to visit for all urban cultural tourists, especially Israelis/Jews, and provide contact with places where the experiences of ancestors combine with the history and memory of places, with recent discoveries and the elements of Jewish culture in the city.

Originality/value

It is concluded that the quantity, diversity, authenticity and singularity of the heritage resources that bear witness to the Jewish presence in Coimbra are sufficient assets to create a route, to enrich the tourist experience in the city and to include the destination in the Sephardic routes.
Initial evaluation of a mobile therapeutic game for adolescent anxiety disorders
Authors: Barnes Steven , Prescott Julie , Adams Joseph
Published: December 2022

Purpose

This study aims to evaluate a novel mobile therapeutic videogame for adolescents with anxiety disorders (ADs), combining elements of cognitive-behavioural therapy and attention-bias modification, in terms of both its therapeutic efficacy over a controlled intervention and two-month follow-up, as well as the extent and implications of self-directed play.

Design/methodology/approach

A within-groups design with two parallel conditions [clinical anxiety (N = 16) and subclinical/at-risk (N = 15)] were measured on both self-reported anxiety and threat-detection bias (TDB) across three timepoints (pre- and post-intervention and two-month follow-up).

Findings

Significant reductions were observed in both self-reported state and trait anxiety and TDB over the course of the two-week intervention, which were maintained at follow-up. Engagement in self-directed play during the follow-up period significantly predicted outcomes at two-month follow-up for clinical participants.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper represents the first of its kind to evaluate a mobile therapeutic game designed with and solely for adolescents with ADs. This study also represents the first of its kind to examine the extent and implications of self-directed play for outcomes.
Father Cícero’s water: is it really for drinking?
Authors: Santana Jannsen , Pimentel Rodrigo Oliveira , Adelino Brandão Halana , Valdevino Antonio Messias
Published: December 2022

Purpose

This teaching case aims to provide in-class discussions on the commercialization and consumption of goods in spiritual markets. This teaching case is a narrative based on facts with a fictitious plot reporting the journeys of the launch, commercialization and consumption of mineral water in bottles in the shape of Father Cícero – a religious leader in Northeast Brazil – produced by Blue Spring Mineral Water in Juazeiro do Norte’s pilgrimage spiritual market.

Design/methodology/approach

Primary and secondary data sources were gathered. Two focus groups with pilgrims and semi-structured interviews with Blue Spring leaders and a local Church representative were conducted as primary data. As secondary data, a dossier was created holding content from newspapers and blogs online on the focal product and data from the company’s official website and social networks.

Findings

Throughout the case, the strategies and challenges of the production and commercialization of this religiously appealing product and the consumer practices adopted by different consumer profiles are unfolded.

Originality/value

This case intends to be a useful pedagogical tool to discuss the creation, production, commercialization and consumption of goods in spiritual markets. The case allows students to experience Blue Spring’s managers’ point of view regarding the decisions of production and commercialization of the focal product. In a broad sense, this case intends to inform future marketers of the importance of balancing commercialization in religious contexts.
Online learning attributes on overall tourism and hospitality education learning satisfaction: Tourism Agenda 2030
Authors: Li Chang (Cherise) , Agyeiwaah Elizabeth
Published: December 2022

Purpose

Promoting “Quality Education” as part of Sustainable Development Goal 4 requires educational stakeholders to understand the nature of online learning from the learners’ perspective. This study aims to explore the asymmetric effects of online learning attributes on overall learning satisfaction in tourism and hospitality education.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors adopt the three-factor satisfaction theory and the three analytical steps penalty–reward contrast analysis, impact range performance analysis (IRPA) and impact asymmetry analysis. The authors then juxtapose the results of such analytical approaches to the traditional importance–performance analysis (IPA) for further insights.

Findings

Traditional IPA suggests nine high importance and performance online attributes. However, the IRPA reveals that only four attributes fall within high performance and high range of impact on satisfaction. The attribute “secure” had a low performance despite a significant impact on satisfaction.

Research limitations/implications

By exploring asymmetric effects, scholars, service providers and participants of online education can have a deeper insight into the nature and dynamic effect of attributes on overall satisfaction.

Originality/value

By exploring the asymmetric impacts of online learning attributes on overall learning satisfaction, the findings provide a novel insight into the multidimensionality of online learning attributes.
Effect of autoclave–cooling cycles combined pullulanase on the physicochemical and structural properties of resistant starch from black Tartary buckwheat
Authors: Xu Qinglian , Zheng Faying , Yang Ping , Tu Ping , Xing Yage , Zhang Ping , Liu Hong , Liu Xiaocui , Bi Xiufang
Published: December 2022

A starch‐rich portion is produced as a by‐product of black Tartary buckwheat processing. The effect of enzymatic combined with autoclaving–cooling cycles (one, two, or three times) on the physicochemical and structural properties of black Tartary buckwheat type 3 resistant starch (BRS) was evaluated. The autoclaving–cooling cycles enhanced solubility and reduced swelling, with the BRS content increasing from 14.12% to 25.18%. The high crystallinity of the BRS reflected a high molecular order. However, increasing the number of autoclaving–cooling cycles did not result in higher BRS content. The highest BRS yield in the autoclaved starch samples was 25.18% after double‐autoclaving–cooling cycles. Furthermore, the autoclaving–cooling cycles altered the crystalline structure of black Tartary buckwheat, and the subsequent crystallinity changed from 36.33% to 42.05% to 38.27%. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy shows that the number of cycles results in more efficient double‐helical packing within the crystalline lamella. Principal component analysis showed that the autoclaving–cooling cycle treatment leads to significant changes in the molecular structure of resistant starch (RS). These results indicated that autoclaving–cooling cycles might be a feasible way for producing RS from black Tartary buckwheat starch with better structural stability to expand their application range.
Green synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles: Structural characterization and photoinduced antifungal activity against P. steckii
Authors: Xing Yage , Fan Xiangfeng , Li Xuanlin , Xu Qinglian , Tang Jing , Wu Lin , Wang Qi , Bi Xiufang , Liu Xiaocui
Published: December 2022

This study synthesized titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) from mango leaf extract and investigated the features and antibacterial capabilities of three different. The microscopic morphological observation, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy results showed that all three NPs showed agglomeration phenomenon, and the TN‐1 sample existed as large agglomerates, whereas the agglomeration phenomenon of TN‐3 sample was improved by the modified, without large agglomerates. The biosynthetic TN‐2 and TN‐3 NPs were spherical and uniform in size, whereas those of the TN‐3 sample was the smallest, ranging from 10 to 30 nm. X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy results exhibited that these were highly pure anatase NPs. The result of ultraviolet (UV)–visible–near‐infrared spectral analysis showed that the TN‐2 and TN‐3 samples displayed higher UV absorption properties than the TN‐1 samples and were highest in the modified NPs, which was more suitable for preparing chitosan‐based nanocomposite material in future experiments and studies. The colony diameters of the TN‐1, TN‐2, and TN‐3 treatment groups were 7.99, 7.80, and 6.86 mm, respectively, after 120 min of UV light induction at a wavelength of 365 nm. Significant differences were evident between the TN‐3 and the other two groups (p < 0.05), indicating that the TN‐3 sample more effectively inhibited Penicillium steckii than the other TiO2 NPs.

Practical Application

Nanomaterials coated film preservation is widely used in fruit and vegetable preservation. In this paper, TiO2 nanomaterials will be green synthesized using mango leaf and structurally characterized, whereas antibacterial tests will be conducted against the mango fruit–specific bacterium Penicillium steckii, which will provide a theoretical basis for the storage and preservation of mango.
High plasma concentrations of acyl‐coenzyme A binding protein (ACBP) predispose to cardiovascular disease: Evidence for a phylogenetically conserved proaging function of ACBP
Authors: Montégut Léa , Joseph Adrien , Chen Hui , Abdellatif Mahmoud , Ruckenstuhl Christoph , Motiño Omar , Lambertucci Flavia , Anagnostopoulos Gerasimos , Lachkar Sylvie , Dichtinger Silvia , Maiuri Maria Chiara , Goldwasser François , Blanchet Benoit , Fumeron Frédéric , Martins Isabelle , Madeo Frank , Kroemer Guido
Published: December 2022

Autophagy defects accelerate aging, while stimulation of autophagy decelerates aging. Acyl‐coenzyme A binding protein (ACBP), which is encoded by a diazepam‐binding inhibitor (DBI), acts as an extracellular feedback regulator of autophagy. As shown here, knockout of the gene coding for the yeast orthologue of ACBP/DBI (ACB1) improves chronological aging, and this effect is reversed by knockout of essential autophagy genes (ATG5, ATG7) but less so by knockout of an essential mitophagy gene (ATG32). In humans, ACBP/DBI levels independently correlate with body mass index (BMI) as well as with chronological age. In still‐healthy individuals, we find that high ACBP/DBI levels correlate with future cardiovascular events (such as heart surgery, myocardial infarction, and stroke), an association that is independent of BMI and chronological age, suggesting that ACBP/DBI is indeed a biomarker of “biological” aging. Concurringly, ACBP/DBI plasma concentrations correlate with established cardiovascular risk factors (fasting glucose levels, systolic blood pressure, total free cholesterol, triglycerides), but are inversely correlated with atheroprotective high‐density lipoprotein (HDL). In mice, neutralization of ACBP/DBI through a monoclonal antibody attenuates anthracycline‐induced cardiotoxicity, which is a model of accelerated heart aging. In conclusion, plasma elevation of ACBP/DBI constitutes a novel biomarker of chronological aging and facets of biological aging with a prognostic value in cardiovascular disease.
Comparison of a multidomain frailty index from routine health data with the hospital frailty risk score in older patients in an Australian hospital
Authors: Fujita Kenji , Lo Sarita Y. , Hubbard Ruth E. , Gnjidic Danijela , Hilmer Sarah N.
Published: December 2022

Background

Frailty is an important determinant of health‐care needs and outcomes for people in hospital.

Objectives

To compare characteristics and predictive ability of a multidomain frailty index derived from routine health data (electronic frailty index‐acute hospital; eFI‐AH) with the hospital frailty risk score (HFRS).

Methods

This retrospective study included 6771 patients aged ≥75 years admitted to an Australian metropolitan tertiary referral hospital between October 2019 and September 2020. The eFI‐AH and the HFRS were calculated for each patient and compared with respect to characteristics, agreement, association with age and ability to predict outcomes.

Results

Median eFI‐AH was 0.17 (range 0–0.66) whilst median HFRS was 3.2 (range 0–42.9). Moderate agreement was shown between the tools (Pearson's r 0.61). After adjusting for age and gender, both models had associations with long hospital stay, in‐hospital mortality, unplanned all‐cause readmission and fall‐related readmission. Specifically, the eFI‐AH had the strongest association with in‐hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.81, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 2.49–3.17), whilst the HFRS was most strongly associated with long hospital stay (aOR 1.20, 95% CI 1.18–1.21). Both tools predicted hospital stay >10 days with good discrimination and calibration.

Conclusions

Although the eFI‐AH and the HFRS did not consistently identify the same inpatients as frail, both were associated with adverse outcomes and they had comparable predictive ability for prolonged hospitalisation. These two constructs of frailty may have different implications for clinical practice and health service provision and planning.
Outside the Wage: Seeing Politics and Possibilities with Critical Comparisons
Authors: Tucker Jennifer L. , Luthra Aman , Anderson Christian
Published: December 2022

Emerging debates on the contemporary reconfigurations of work question previous understandings of the relationships among and between waged, unwaged, and reproductive labour, situated processes of value formation and/or enclosure, and the constitution and limits of contemporary capitalism. Taking Cindi Katz's notion of countertopographies and Gillian Hart's notion of relational comparison as inspirations, this Symposium draws attention to new and existing conceptual frames and modes of analysis to situate contemporary permutations of work within the shifting dynamics of uneven development in specific state, local, and institutional contexts. This Introduction summarises the interrelated and overlapping contributions that papers in this Symposium offer methodologically, analytically, and politically. The open‐ended aspiration that emerges from these contributions is that close attention to heterogeneous formations of work outside the wage might help to multiply forms of vigilance and critical praxis necessary to resist the co‐optation and enclosure of people's creative energies, and move toward realising the latent liberatory potentials that several of the contributions suggest.
Trends in anti‐infective use during pregnancy in France between 2010 and 2019: a nationwide population‐based study
Authors: Tubiana Sarah , Sibiude Jeanne , Herlemont Philippe , Drouin Jérôme , Picone Olivier , Duval Xavier , Weill Alain , Zureik Mahmoud , Dray‐Spira Rosemary
Published: December 2022

Aims

To describe the trends in anti‐infective use during pregnancy between 2010 and 2019 and determine whether they were prescribed according to drug foetal safety international classification systems.

Methods

We conducted a population‐based, nationwide study using the French national health data system including all pregnancies ended between 2010 and 2019. Anti‐infective agents were considered according to their pharmacological group and potential harmful risk using the Australian and Swedish classification systems. Prevalence rate was estimated annually and by trimester. Average annual percent change (AAPC) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using Joinpoint regression.

Results

Among 7 571 035 pregnancies, 3 027 031 (40.0%) received ≥1 antibacterial. This proportion decreased significantly from 41.5% in 2010 to 36.1% in 2019 (AAPC = −1.7%, [95%CI, −2.5 to −1.0%]). Conversely, use of antiviral agents increased during the 10‐year study period for anti‐herpes simplex virus agents (AAPC = 4.4%, [3.7–5.2%]), influenza agents (AAPC = 25.4%, [6.2–48.1%]) and for HIV‐antiretroviral agents (AAPC = 1.3%, [0.6–2.0%]). Use of influenza vaccine increased from 0.2% in 2010 to 4.2% in 2019 (AAPC = 49.7%, [39.3–60.9%]). Among all pregnancies, 0.9% had been exposed to a potentially harmful anti‐infective agent increasing from 0.7% in 2010 to 1.2% in 2019 (AAPC = 6.4%, [4.4–8.5%]).

Conclusion

Based on >7 million pregnancies identified from French nationwide data, this study showed that antibacterials are frequently prescribed during pregnancy although their use has decreased over the past 10 years. Our results suggest that anti‐infective agents are generally prescribed in accordance with recommendations, although with a potential for improvement in influenza vaccination.
Estimated glomerular filtration rate based on creatinine, cystatin C, β‐trace protein and β2 microglobulin in patients undergoing nontraumatic lower extremity amputation
Authors: Iversen Esben , Walls Anne Byriel , Petersen Annamarie , Jensen Pia Søe , Kallemose Thomas , Andersen Aino , Nielsen Rikke Lundsgaard , Bengaard Anne Kathrine , Juul‐Larsen Helle Gybel , Bornæs Olivia , Damgaard Morten , Andersen Ove , Tavenier Juliette , Houlind Morten Baltzer
Published: December 2022

Aims

The study's aim is to compare current and new equations for estimating glomerular filtration rate (GFR) based on creatinine, cystatin C, β‐trace protein (BTP) and β2 microglobulin (B2M) among patients undergoing major amputation.

Methods

This is a secondary analysis of data from a prospective cohort study investigating patients undergoing nontraumatic lower extremity amputation. Estimated GFR (eGFR) was calculated using equations based on creatinine (eGFRcre[2009] and eGFRcre[2021]), cystatin C (eGFRcys), the combination of creatinine and cystatin C (eGFRcomb[2012] and eGFRcomb[2021]) or a panel of all 4 filtration markers (eGFRpanel). Primary outcome was changed in eGFR across amputation according to each equation. Two case studies of prior amputation with GFR measured by 99mTc‐DTPA clearance are described to illustrate the relative accuracies of each eGFR equation.

Results

Analysis of the primary outcome included 29 patients (median age 75 years, 31% female). Amputation was associated with a significant decrease in creatinine concentration (−0.09 mg/dL, P = 0.004), corresponding to a significant increase in eGFRcre[2009] (+6.1 mL/min, P = 0.006) and eGFRcre[2021] (+6.3 mL/min, P = 0.006). Change across amputation was not significant for cystatin C, BTP, B2M or equations incorporating these markers (all P > 0.05). In both case studies, eGFRcre[2021] yielded the largest positive bias, eGFRcys yielded the largest negative bias and eGFRcomb[2012] and eGFRcomb[2021] yielded the smallest absolute bias.

Conclusion

Creatinine‐based estimates were substantially higher than cystatin C‐based estimates before amputation and significantly increased across amputation. Estimates combining creatinine and cystatin were stable across amputation, while the addition of BTP and B2M is unlikely to be clinically relevant.
Bureaucratie de guichet et hybridité au ministère des Affaires municipales et de l'Habitation
Authors: Goupil Sylvie , Gagnon Stéphanie
Published: December 2022

Sommaire

Le phénomène de la bureaucratie de guichet a peu été étudié du point de vue des conséquences de l'activité des professionnels sur l'organisation. Comment l'existence de la bureaucratie de guichet peut‐elle contribuer à influer sur la structure d'un ministère? Peut‐on établir un parallèle entre bureaucratie de guichet et hybridité? Cette étude s'intéresse à ces phénomènes au ministère des Affaires municipales et de l'Habitation du Québec. Les auteures constatent qu'un ensemble de facteurs contribue à assurer un certain poids à cette bureaucratie de guichet, principalement composée de personnel professionnel, ce qui induit des phénomènes d'hybridité structurelle et institutionnelle.
Margarita glasses and high heels: How attention to shape, age, and vocabulary impacts children's recognition of typical and atypical exemplars
Authors: Kucker Sarah C. , Braun Blair E. , Markham‐Anderson Jessica F.
Published: December 2022

Children's ability to recognize object shape is foundational for successful early word learning. However, the prototypical shape of objects may not be easily accessible—take margarita glasses, for instance. The current study examined 304 U.S. children 17‐ to 42‐month‐old (152 females) from 2017 to 2020, asking how shape, age, and vocabulary abilities predict recognition of everyday objects. Children's ability to recognize objects increases with age and vocabulary, replicating prior work. Moreover, performance was partially moderated by object's typicality and shape features, and children's own attention to shape (shape bias) may mediate the effect, especially with prototypically shaped objects. The current study highlights how both child‐specific variables and context features interact to shape language abilities, underscoring the emergent and multi‐causal nature of word learning.
Learning from Central American migrant children in‐transit within Mexico: A funds of knowledge approach
Authors: Gluckman Maxie
Published: December 2022

Migration can have long‐term impacts on children's well‐being, identity, academic aspirations and success. Children's voices, however, are often absent from educational scholarship and practice. Employing participatory storytelling methods, this study explores what informal learnings or ‘funds of knowledge’ Honduran children develop while in‐transit within Mexico. The findings present how children cared for their communities, used technology to develop transnational interests and ties, developed complex understandings of global culture and expanded on understandings of geography and space. Migration is posed as a process through which children develop a wealth of knowledge, calling upon educators to bring these learnings into educational contexts.
Incorporating neoadjuvant chemotherapy into locally advanced colon cancer treatment pathways: Real‐life experience of implementing FOxTROT
Authors: Williams Christopher JM , Fish Rebecca , Akerman Lucy , West Nicholas , Tolan Damian , Quyn Aaron J. , Seligmann Jenny F
Published: December 2022

Aim

The international FOxTROT trial, recently published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology is the first randomized controlled trial testing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) with oxaliplatin and 5‐fluorouracil in locally advanced, but operable, colon cancer. The trial met its primary endpoint with fewer patients experiencing recurrent or residual disease at 2 years with NAC compared with the control (16.8% vs. 21.2%, risk ratio = 0.74, p  = 0.042). Translating the findings of the FOxTROT trial into improved patient outcomes is dependent on implementation of new neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) pathways in colorectal cancer.

Method

We describe our experience implementing a novel neoadjuvant treatment pathway in colorectal cancer at a large UK teaching hospital.

Results

To date 64 patients have been commenced on the novel pathway following presentation and adoption of the FOxTROT trial results. We present key lessons and strategies developed across the multidisciplinary team to minimize impact on person hours, service capacity and budget, whilst building patient safety and confidence.

Conclusion

Use of NAC for locally advanced colon cancer has been shown to improve surgical outcomes and longer term cancer outcomes. Provision of NAC requires some modifications to current treatment pathways but can be delivered with team working and without the requirement for additional resources.
Identifying the prevalence of clinically actionable drug‐gene interactions in a health system biorepository to guide pharmacogenetics implementation services
Authors: Pasternak Amy L. , Ward Kristen , Irwin Madison , Okerberg Carl , Hayes David , Fritsche Lars , Zoellner Sebastian , Virzi Jessica , Choe Hae Mi , Ellingrod Vicki
Published: December 2022

Understanding patterns of drug‐gene interactions (DGIs) is important for advancing the clinical implementation of pharmacogenetics (PGx) into routine practice. Prior studies have estimated the prevalence of DGIs, but few have confirmed DGIs in patients with known genotypes and prescriptions, nor have they evaluated clinician characteristics associated with DGI‐prescribing. This retrospective chart review assessed prevalence of DGI, defined as a medication prescription in a patient with a PGx phenotype that has a clinical practice guideline recommendation to adjust therapy or monitor drug response, for patients enrolled in a research genetic biorepository linked to electronic health records (EHRs). The prevalence of prescriptions for medications with pharmacogenetic (PGx) guidelines, proportion of prescriptions with DGI, location of DGI prescription, and clinical service of the prescriber were evaluated descriptively. Seventy‐five percent (57,058/75,337) of patients had a prescription for a medication with a PGx guideline. Up to 60% (n = 26,067/43,647) of patients had at least one DGI when considering recommendations to adjust or monitor therapy based on genotype. The majority (61%) of DGIs occurred in outpatient prescriptions. Proton pump inhibitors were the most common DGI medication for 11 of 12 clinical services. Almost 25% of patients (n = 10,706/43,647) had more than one unique DGI, and, among this group of patients, 61% had a DGI with more than one gene. These findings can inform future clinical implementation by identifying key stakeholders for initial DGI prescriptions, helping to inform workflows. The high prevalence of multigene interactions identified also support the use of panel PGx testing as an implementation strategy.
Endoscopic full‐thickness resection using an over‐the‐scope clip for colon cancer within a diverticulum
Authors: Miyake Takakazu , Yoshii Shinji , Nakase Hiroshi
Published: December 2022

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Rhythmic modulation of visual discrimination is linked to individuals' spontaneous motor tempo
Authors: Snapiri Leah , Kaplan Yael , Shalev Nir , Landau Ayelet N.
Published: December 2022

The impact of external rhythmic structure on perception has been demonstrated across different modalities and experimental paradigms. However, recent findings emphasize substantial individual differences in rhythm‐based perceptual modulation. Here, we examine the link between spontaneous rhythmic preferences, as measured through the motor system, and individual differences in rhythmic modulation of visual discrimination. As a first step, we measure individual rhythmic preferences using the spontaneous tapping task. Then we assess perceptual rhythmic modulation using a visual discrimination task in which targets can appear either in‐phase or out‐of‐phase with a preceding rhythmic stream of visual stimuli. The tempo of the preceding stream was manipulated over different experimental blocks (0.77 Hz, 1.4 Hz, 2 Hz). We find that visual rhythmic stimulation modulates discrimination performance. The modulation is dependent on the tempo of stimulation, with maximal perceptual benefits for the slowest tempo of stimulation (0.77 Hz). Most importantly, the strength of modulation is also linked to individuals' spontaneous motor tempo. Individuals with slower spontaneous tempi show greater rhythmic modulation compared to individuals with faster spontaneous tempi. This finding suggests that different tempi affect the cognitive system with varying levels of efficiency and that self‐generated rhythms impact our ability to utilize rhythmic structure in the environment for guiding perception and performance.
Microbiome resilience of Amazonian forests: Agroforest divergence to bacteria and secondary forest succession convergence to fungi
Authors: Leite Márcio Fernandes Alves , Liu Binbin , Gómez Cardozo Ernesto , Silva Hulda Rocha e , Luz Ronildson Lima , Muchavisoy Karol Henry Mavisoy , Moraes Flávio Henrique Reis , Rousseau Guillaume Xavier , Kowalchuk George , Gehring Christoph , Kuramae Eiko Eurya
Published: December 2022

An alarming and increasing deforestation rate threatens Amazon tropical ecosystems and subsequent degradation due to frequent fires. Agroforestry systems (AFS) may offer a sustainable alternative, reportedly mimicking the plant–soil interactions of the natural mature forest (MF). However, the role of microbial community in tropical AFS remains largely unknown. This knowledge is crucial for evaluating the sustainability of AFS and practices given the key role of microbes in the aboveground–belowground interactions. The current study, by comparing different AFS and successions of secondary and MFs, showed that AFS fostered distinct groups of bacterial community, diverging from the MFs, likely a result of management practices while secondary forests converged to the same soil microbiome found in the MF, by favoring the same groups of fungi. Model simulations reveal that AFS would require profound changes in aboveground biomass and in soil factors to reach the same microbiome found in MFs. In summary, AFS practices did not result in ecosystems mimicking natural forest plant–soil interactions but rather reshaped the ecosystem to a completely different relation between aboveground biomass, soil abiotic properties, and the soil microbiome.
Infant vocalizations elicit simplified speech in childcare
Authors: Albert Rachel R. , Ernst Morgan , Vallotton Claire D.
Published: December 2022

Infant babbling has an important social function in promoting early language development by attracting caregiver attention and prompting parents' contingent, simplified speech, which is more learnable for infants. Here, we demonstrate that prelinguistic infant vocalizations also create learning opportunities for infants in childcare settings by eliciting simplified and more learnable linguistic information during teacher‐infant interactions. We compared the rates and complexity of contingent and non‐contingent verbal interactions of 34 childcare teachers during a one‐on‐one free play interaction with a familiar infant under their care (M = 12.6 months old). As compared to non‐contingent utterances, teachers' contingent utterances included fewer unique words, a higher proportion of single‐word responses, and a shorter mean length of utterances. Teachers did not change their response length based on infants' syllable type and were equally likely to respond to vowels and consonant‐vowel vocalizations. Sources of individual differences in the simplification effect related to infant behaviors and teacher characteristics are discussed. The results parallel previous findings demonstrating the simplification effect in parent‐infant interactions. That teachers also show this simplification effect when responding to infant vocalizations suggests the power of infant prelinguistic vocalizations for organizing caregiver attention in various settings to elicit simplified, learnable language.
Caregivers of Black and Latino/a/x Students and School Personnel Perspectives on School‐Based SARS‐CoV‐2 Testing: Implications for Testing and Test‐to‐Stay Programs in K‐12 Schools
Authors: Corneli Amy , McKenna Kevin , Dombeck Carrie , Molokwu Nneka , Taylor Jamilah , Vergara Lorraine , Benjamin Daniel K. , Zimmerman Kanecia O. ,   the ABC Science Collaborative
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND

“Test‐to‐stay” (TTS) is an effective approach for keeping students in school post‐exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). To prepare for school‐based SARS‐CoV‐2 testing, we implemented formative research to gather perspectives on school‐based testing among school personnel, as well as caregivers of Black and Latino/a/x students given systemic racism, existing school inequalities, and the disproportionate effect of COVID‐19 on Black and Latino/a/x populations.

METHODS

We conducted in‐depth interviews with caregivers of K‐12 grade Black and Latino/a/x students and focus group discussions with K‐12 school personnel. We described the forthcoming school‐based SARS‐CoV‐2 testing program and explored potential benefits and concerns, including concerns about testing‐related stigma and discrimination, particularly toward Black and Latino/a/x students, and implementation recommendations.

RESULTS

Perceived testing benefits included school community reassurance and preventing school outbreaks. Concerns included potential student anxiety, classroom disruption, inaccurate results, and limited information for caregivers. Some participants mentioned that testing‐related stigma and discrimination could happen based on the testing selection process or results but not due to race or ethnicity. Participants provided numerous testing recommendations, including suggestions to prevent negative outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS

Participants believed that stigma and discrimination from SARS‐CoV‐2 testing is possible, although differential treatment based on race or ethnicity was not anticipated. Participants' narratives provide support for school‐based testing and the testing component of TTS.
Mid‐pregnancy and postpartum maternal mental health and infant sleep in the first year of life
Authors: Cai Shirong , Phua Desiree Y. , Tham Elaine K. H. , Goh Daniel Y. T. , Teoh Oon H. , Shek Lynette P. C. , Tan Kok H. , Yap Fabian , Chong Yap‐Seng , Chen Helen , Broekman Birit F. P. , Kramer Michael S. , Meaney Michael J.
Published: December 2022

Perinatal depression and anxiety are common and associated with sleep problems in the offspring. Depression and anxiety are commonly comorbid, yet often studied independently. Our study used an integrative measure of anxiety and depressive symptoms to examine the associations of maternal mental health (mid‐pregnancy and postnatal) with infant sleep during the first year of life. A total of 797 mother–child dyads from the ‘Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcome’ cohort study provided infant sleep data at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of age, using the caregiver reported Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire. Maternal mental health was assessed at 26–28 weeks gestation and 3 months postpartum using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, Beck Depression Inventory and State–Trait Anxiety Inventory. Bifactor modelling with the individual questionnaire items produced a general affect factor score that provided an integrated measure of anxiety and depressive symptoms. Linear mixed models were used to model the sleep outcomes, with adjustment for maternal age, education, parity, ethnicity, sex of the child and maternal sleep quality concurrent with maternal mental health assessment. We found that poorer mid‐pregnancy, but not postpartum, maternal mental health was associated with longer wake after sleep onset duration across the first year of life (β = 49, 95% confidence interval 13–85 min). Poor maternal mental health during mid‐pregnancy is linked to longer period of night awakening in the offspring during infancy. Interventions that aim to improve maternal antenatal mental health should examine infant sleep outcomes.
Impact‐induced devolatilization of four ungrouped ataxites and the formation of a silica glass spherule in ALHA77255
Authors: Rubin Alan E. , Zhang Bidong
Published: December 2022

Allan Hills A77255, Babb's Mill (Blake's Iron), Nordheim, and Chinga are ungrouped ataxitic iron meteorites that are similar to the IAB group of noncarbonaceous‐type irons in their concentrations of common and refractory siderophile elements. Mo‐isotopic data show that ALHA77255, Nordheim, and Chinga are carbonaceous‐type (CC) irons. (The Mo‐isotopic composition of Babb's Mill [Blake's Iron] has not yet been measured, but it also seems likely to be a CC iron.) Relative to mean IAB irons, these four ataxites are severely depleted in moderately volatile elements: Ga, >99%; Ge, >99%; Cu, 79%–97%; As, 70%–96%; P, 76%–90%. These samples were probably devolatilized by major collisions on separate parent asteroids (consistent with fractional crystallization modeling showing they are unlikely to be derived from the same metallic core). Collisionally induced devolatilization of ALHA77255 likely facilitated the formation of a 5‐mm diameter silica–glass spheroid in this meteorite. The spheroid may have formed by a complex process involving impact‐induced vaporization of mantle material in its parent asteroid, followed by fractional condensation.
Retracted: Pedagogical Conditions for Managing Stressful States of Preschool Children with Special Educational Needs
Authors: Sadvakassova Nurgul , Karmanova Zhanat , Bobrova Valentina
Published: December 2022

Sadvakassova, N., Karmanova, Z., Bobrova, V. (2022) “” Mind, Brain, and Education (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/mbe.12345).

The above article, published online on 12 December 2022 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the journal Editor, Paul Matusz, and Wiley Periodicals LLC. Following publication, concerns were raised by a third party. Further investigation by the Editor and the publisher revealed concerns about the validity of the data. The peer review process was found to be compromised and the authors were not able to provide underlying data to support the conclusions. As a result, the findings reported in the article are not considered reliable. The authors did not respond when informed about the decision to retract.
Harnessing the potential of practice‐based clinical optometry research in the United Kingdom
Authors: Taylor Laura J. , Hobby Angharad , Bowen Michael , Jolly Jasleen K. , MacLaren Robert E.
Published: December 2022

Research is the core of evidence‐based practice across all healthcare, in order to ensure optimum patient care. The College of Optometrists is a national standard setting institution for optometric practice in the United Kingdom. However, the standards are only as good as the available evidence, and currently there is little evidence relating directly to optometric practice. The National Institute of Health and Care Research, the General Medical Council and The College of Optometrists, amongst others, have published research strategies describing ambitious plans to expand the scope of healthcare research. The aim of this article is to raise awareness of these government initiatives and consider how they may relate to optometric practice. To improve optometrist research engagement, we need to address the barriers to research and implement strategies to overcome them. There are many opportunities to support research, with different degrees of involvement, from signposting patients to research studies, supporting recruitment or collecting data for a multicentre clinical trial, as well as undertaking an individual research project. Healthcare research is changing and there is scope for more practice‐based research activities in optometry. Research should not be a solo endeavour but a multi‐disciplinary effort. Greater collaborations across all stakeholders, including primary care, secondary care, academia, regulators and industry is needed to make this possible.
Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis of femoral fractures with 3D‐printed bone models and custom surgical guides: A cadaveric study in dogs
Authors: Scheuermann Logan M. , Kim Stanley E. , Lewis Daniel D. , Johnson Matthew D. , Biedrzycki Adam H.
Published: December 2022

Objective

Assess the accuracy and efficiency of reduction provided by application of plates precontoured to 3‐dimensional (3D)‐printed femoral bone models using a custom fracture reduction system (FRS) or intramedullary pin (IMP) to facilitate femoral minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) in dogs.

Study design

Experimental cadaveric study.

Sample population

Seven dog cadavers.

Methods

Virtual 3D femoral models were created using computed tomographic images. Simulated, virtual mid‐diaphyseal femoral fractures were created and reduced. Reduced femoral models were 3D‐printed and a plate was contoured. Custom drill guides for plate screw placement were designed and 3D‐printed for the FRS. Mid‐diaphyseal simulated comminuted fractures were created in cadavers, and fractures were aligned using FRS or IMP and stabilized with the precontoured plates. Number of fluoroscopic images acquired per procedure and surgical duration were recorded. Computed tomographic scans were repeated to assess femoral length and alignment.

Results

Compared to the preoperative virtual plan, median change in femoral length and frontal, sagittal, and axial alignment was less than 3 mm, 2°, 3°, and 3° postoperatively, respectively, in both reduction groups. There was no difference in length or alignment between reduction groups (P > .05). During FRS, fewer fluoroscopic images were taken (P = .001), however, surgical duration was longer than IMP procedures (P = .011).

Conclusion

Femoral alignment was accurate when using plates precontoured to 3D printed models, regardless of reduction method.

Clinical significance

Accurate plate contouring using anatomically accurate models may improve fracture reduction accuracy during MIPO applications. Custom surgical guides may reduce fluoroscopy use associated with MIPO.
Near Field Evolution of Blade Wakes Under the Influence of Upstream Transitional Flow in a Compressor Cascade at Moderate Reynolds Numbers
Authors: Shi Lei , Ma Hongwei , Wang Tianyou
Published: December 2022

The variation of blade wake characteristics under the influence of upstream transitional flow has not been thoroughly studied, since few control volumes in experimental investigations capture both the blade surface transitional flow and the downstream wake. In this study, instantaneous flow fields in the near-blade and the near-wake region of a compressor cascade at various incidences (i = 0 deg, 2.5 deg, 5 deg, 7.5 deg, and 10 deg) were investigated using particle image velocimetry (PIV). The mean and fluctuating near-wake fields of the compressor blade at Rec = 24,000 were analyzed considering the upstream blade surface laminar separation bubble (LSB) types. The suction-side flow topology shifts at a critical incidence angle of 5 deg from laminar separation without reattachment (i < 5 deg) into a LSB near the trailing edge (i = 5 deg) and an LSB which is advancing to the leading edge (i > 5 deg). The laminar separation vortices retain sufficient strength and coherence to interact with the wake at the low incidence angles (LIA cases, i ≤ 5 deg) but lose coherence beyond the reattachment point at the high incidence angles (HIA cases, i > 5 deg). Self-similarity of the asymmetrical wakes under the influence of various LSB types was established. Near field evolution of wake width, wake decay rate, and flow fluctuations are directly correlated with the LSB type. An optimal incidence exists for the minimum overall flow fluctuation with a delayed separation and alleviated vortical interactions when the LSB locates at the trailing edge.