bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The European DISCO project: deep geological disposal of modern spent nuclear fuel
Authors: Bosbach Dirk , Evins Lena Z.
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Direct disposal of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) in a deep-mined geological repository is foreseen in various countries. Several decades of research (incl. various European projects such as SFS, NF-PRO, MICADO, REDUPP and FIRST-Nuclides) have shown that SNF shows a number of favourable properties as a waste form. Based on this background, the scientific collaborative DISCO project (2017–2021) aims to improve the understanding of the scientific basis of the safety cases for SNF under repository conditions – specifically for modern fuels. It comprises 16 project partners from eight EU countries consisting of large research institutions and small and medium enterprises (SME's), as well as an end-user group. It is supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Framework Programme for Research and Innovation with about 4 million euro (EU contribution). The project concept and implementation were initiated via the Exchange Forum of the Implementation of Geological Disposal – Technology Platform (IGD-TP) based on discussions among various actors, namely waste management organisations and the research community. The specific scientific issue of the DISCO project is whether the kinetics of the SNF dissolution process are affected by the composition and characteristics of the SNF itself, with a focus on modern Cr-doped and mixed oxide (MOX) fuels, which have been developed in recent years. The effect of dopants in the fuel matrix with regard to redox reactivity of the irradiated fuel needs to be evaluated, since this may affect the dissolution behaviour of and radionuclide release from these modern fuels. The overall objectives of the DISCO project are (1) to enhance our understanding of SNF matrix dissolution under conditions representative of failed containers in reducing repository environments and (2) to assess whether novel types of fuel (MOX, doped fuels) behave in a similar manner to conventional fuels. Experimental and modelling tasks have been defined to achieve the project objectives. The expected knowledge gain is essential for waste management organisations and will provide new insights into factors affecting their safety cases as fuel systems have evolved.
Comparing two concepts of the OECD-NEA RK&M Initiative (2011–2019): The Set of Essential Records and the Key Information File
Authors: Hotzel Stephan
Published: November 2021

Abstract. In the last decade, the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) of the OECD​​​​​​​ co-ordinated an international initiative to develop understanding and guidelines related to the longer-term preservation of records, knowledge and memory (RK&M) regarding radioactive waste repositories, the so-called “RK&M Initiative”. Their final report (NEA, 2019) can be read as a general guide to the RK&M preservation topic. In terms of practical support, the group prepared an RK&M preservation toolbox, comprising 35 different preservation mechanisms. Amongst those are classical, much discussed tools such as “archives”, “surface markers” or “land use control”, hitherto less discussed tools such as “international regulations”, “small time capsules” or “clear and planned responsibilities”, and two entirely new concepts: the Set of Essential Records (SER) and the Key Information File (KIF). In the current contribution, I present these two concepts, pointing out their role both in the wider RK&M preservation context (i.e. in the toolbox as a whole) and in the narrower “documents” context. My main focus is a comparative approach, addressing the peculiarities of the KIF and the SER concepts by working out the differences between the two. It becomes apparent that the KIF is far from being a condensation of the SER, but in fact KIF and SER are independent concepts: in terms of their authors/creators, their target audiences, and first and foremost their functioning, i.e. “how” they contribute to RK&M preservation.
The use of muon radiography in safeguarding geological repositories
Authors: Thompson Lee , Aymanns Katharina , Niemeyer Irmgard , Vieh Christiane , Weekes Michael
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Muon radiography is a technique that harnesses naturally occurring cosmic
radiation to noninvasively determine the density of an object of interest. The
technique has many similarities to that of medical X-ray examinations and can
supply detailed density maps of the object. We propose the application of muon
radiography to aspects of the long-term monitoring of nuclear waste. In
particular, muon radiography would provide valuable information on the
overburden of a prospective underground geological repository and would be
able to identify unknown features, such as undocumented underground
passages. Similarly, muon tomography is capable of confirming that containers
that have nominally been emptied are in fact empty. Such safeguard measures
are important to maintain continuity of knowledge and to develop robust
deterrent strategies against the removal of monitored nuclear material. The presentation focuses on the results of simulations that address some of
these questions. Details of assumptions regarding the detector requirements
and run times necessary to perform the imaging are discussed and results from
the various removal and misuse scenarios are presented.
Long-term storage of information about nuclear waste. 100 000 years and beyond
Authors: Kunze Martin
Published: November 2021

Abstract. In the 20th century, intertwined with the topic of “final nuclear repository”, the ethical requirement to warn about the danger of radioactive radiation over a period of 1 million years was debated. In the meantime, a narrative is beginning to gain acceptance – also in public – that postulates that a repository should be described in terms of content and location in such a way that future generations are capable of making their own informed decisions. After all, nuclear waste consists of materials ranging from dangerous to precious. From the concept of sustainability and responsible usage of resources comes the demand to not isolate, bury and forget nuclear waste in the biosphere forever, but rather to leave the information about it in such a way that even if the transmission of information is interrupted, it can be reconstructed by a technically industrialized civilization. The materials that we store in the depths, especially in places where one would not expect them geologically, could represent valuable resources for future generations. The following questions arise:
What time horizons are we talking about? In what form can information exist for so long? What language or symbols do we use for this? Who are the addressees? Conventional information carriers are unsuitable for these
purposes. Even the most durable, even with optimal storage, have a
shelf life that is orders of magnitude below the temporal safety
requirements of nuclear waste repositories. In this lecture, the latest technologies and methods for long-term storage of information are introduced. Ceramic-based data carriers. Ceramic-based data carriers with a durability extending to millions of years even under the most extreme conditions. Originating from the Memory of Mankind project in Hallstatt, Austria, a research program is being carried out at the Vienna University of Technology for data carriers which, in addition to an extremely long durability, also have a high data density. Data formats. There is no guarantee that the digital formats used today will be readable in the near or distant future. Information that is intended for addressees in thousands of years must therefore be recognized as such and be directly legible. Data formats must be intuitively decodable and readable. And finally, universal icons are needed for a “manual”, in order to describe the location and contents of a nuclear waste repository to a distant technical civilization.
Development of a mobile, automated, optical inspection system for radioactive barrels
Authors: Barretto Tania , Rentschler Eric , Gentes Sascha
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Due to the delayed construction and commissioning of a German repository for intermediate- and low-level radioactive waste, waste inventories from several decades are now located at the interim storage sites, the safe custody of which must also be ensured for an indefinite period of interim storage. The usual practice in the interim storage facilities is recurrent inspections, which are carried out almost exclusively manually and without electronic comparative recordings as well as without mechanical documentation and archiving. Remote or automated inspection does not take place. The inspections are carried out visually and are therefore very subjective and thus subject to errors. Manual performance is labor intensive and requires the use of personnel exposed to radiation. Neither are uniform inspection criteria of the visual inspections applied, nor are the inspections performed uniformly between sites. Based on these facts, the Institute for Technology and Management in Construction, Department of Deconstruction and Decommissioning of Conventional and Nuclear Buildings, together with the Institute for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, is developing an automated drum inspection system as part of the funding measure FORKA – Research for the Deconstruction of Nuclear Facilities. EMOS is a mobile inspection unit that remotely and automatically records the entire surface of the drum, including lid and bottom, optically; evaluates it analytically; and both stores it electronically and outputs the results in the form of an inspection report. In this way, recurring inspections of the drum stock can be completed under the same inspection conditions each time. A decisive advantage is the possibility of carrying out the inspection remotely in order to reduce the radiation dose to the employees on site. The optical evaluation, display and output of the results will ensure a more precise inspection and analysis of the drum surfaces through software to be specially developed than is possible through manual and visual inspections as currently performed in the interim storage facilities. The continuous monitoring of the stored drums will be facilitated and also the tracing of possible damage development through the comparison of archived measurement results is a novel and powerful tool that helps to increase and ensure the safety aspects of interim storage in the long term. Changes in drum
geometry as well as in the surface condition (e.g. corrosion formation, etc.) can be identified at an early stage with the help of the inspection unit, and measures can be taken at an early stage to counteract the loss of integrity of the storage containers.
Development and testing of a tool for the decontamination of corners and inner edges on concrete surfaces
Authors: Zhang Shanyao , Gentes Sascha , Heppler Kurt , Heneka Alexander , Krauß Carla-Olivia , Greb Johannes , Hammer Fabian , Dietrich Philipp , Stemmle Stefan
Published: November 2021

Abstract. For the decontamination of flat concrete surfaces, a wide variety of tools are
available; however, these tools cannot be used for the decontamination of
corners, inner edges, gaps and other geometrical discontinuities. Currently,
these areas are worked by hand-held tools with a connected vacuum exhaust
system to reduce dust emissions. The combination of using heavy hand-operated
tools with exhaust systems on difficult to access areas as well as the forces
and vibration of the tools, make the task of decontamination a burden and add
additional physical stress for the operator. The goal of the research project called EKont, funded by the German Ministry
for Education and Research, BMBF), is, to develop an innovative semi-automated
demonstrator for dry mechanical decontamination of corners, edges and
geometrical discontinuities in nuclear facilities. The tool will have a
flexible housing with an integrated exhaust system to reduce the dust
load. This specialized tool should make the decontamination of corners and
inner edges more effective regarding time and the generation of secondary
waste and should further spare the musculoskeletal system of the operator
physical stress by lowering the vibrations and weight of the tool. For this task, a test bench for testing and evaluating different methods of
surface decontamination has been set up. The test bench enables the
measurement of forces and vibrations of the machine during the decontamination
and the dust emissions. Based on the analysis of different decontamination
methods and tools, four prototypes are being developed. This project also aims
at the scientific investigation of experimentally collected performance
parameters, such as feed rate, removal depth per operation, surface roughness
and removal rate, in order to determine the relevant parameters of the
developed prototypes. A field test of the prototypes together with decommissioning companies is
scheduled. The prototype is not limited to use in nuclear facilities but later
can also be used in conventional fields, for example in the decontamination of
materials containing PCBs and asbestos. In this presentation the EKont test bench and prototypes will be explained and
the test results will be presented.
Section 14 StandAG – Identification of siting regions and associated challenges
Authors: Seidel Lisa , Wengler Marc
Published: November 2021

Abstract. With the publication of the subarea interim report on sub-regions on 28
September 2020, the Federal Company for Radioactive Waste Disposal (BGE), as
the implementer of the German site selection procedure, has completed the
first step of phase I in due time. The second step of phase I is the
identification of siting regions for surface exploration. In the following step 2 of phase I, the determination of siting regions for
surface exploration will be carried out based on the interim results of the
first step of phase I in accordance with section 14 of the regulating law
(StandAG). A central component of this second step of phase I is the
representative preliminary safety assessments pursuant to section 27 StandAG,
the ordinances on “Safety Requirements” (EndlSiAnfV) and “Preliminary Safety
Assessments” (EndlSiUntV), which are carried out for each of the
sub-regions. Based on the results of the preliminary safety assessments and
the renewed application of the geoscientific weighting criteria (section 24
StandAG), siting regions will be identified that have the potential to become
the site with the best possible safety for a repository for high-level
radioactive waste. During the second step of phase I, the planning scientific
consideration criteria (section 25 StandAG) can be applied for the first time. The path to the siting regions for surface exploration can be accompanied by
various challenges related to geoscientific, methodological and also societal
questions. For example, the application of the representative preliminary
safety assessments may be more challenging in larger subareas compared to
smaller ones as subsurface properties are likely to be more variable. In this
context, areas with little data coverage for example, and the treatment of
these areas in the procedure may pose another challenge. Therefore, sound
methodological concepts must be developed for performing the representative
preliminary safety assessments as well as for applying the geoscientific
weighting criteria. Furthermore, the German site selection procedure defines
special requirements (section 1 StandAG): the implementation of the
participatory, science-based, transparent, self-questioning and learning
procedure poses challenges to all stakeholders of the procedure on the way to
the best possible disposal of high-level radioactive waste.
Actinides induced irradiation damage and swelling effect in irradiated Zircaloy-4 after 30 years of storage
Authors: Marchetti Mara , Herm Michel , König Tobias , Manenti Simone , Metz Volker
Published: November 2021

Abstract. After several years in the reactor core, irradiated nuclear fuel is handled and subsequently stored for a few years under water next to the core, to achieve thermal cooling and decay of very short-lived radionuclides. Thereafter, it might be sent to dry-cask interim storage before final disposal in a deep geological repository. Here, the spent nuclear fuel (SNF) is subject to a series of physicochemical phenomena which are of concern for the integrity of the nuclear fuel cladding. After moving the SNF from wet to dry storage, the temperature increases, then slowly decreases, leading the hydrogen in solid solution in the cladding to precipitate radially with consequent hydride growth and cladding embrittlement (Kim, 2020). Another phenomenon affecting the physical properties of the cladding during interim dry storage is the irradiation damage produced in the inner surface of the cladding by the alpha decay of the actinides present at the periphery of the pellet, particularly when the burnup at discharge is high. SNF pellets with high average burnup present larger fuel volumes at the end of their useful life due to accumulation of insoluble solid fission products and noble gases, which leads to disappearance of the as-fabricated pellet–clad gap. Further swelling is expected as a consequence of actinide decay and the accumulation of helium. This leads to larger cladding hoop stress and larger alpha decay damage. The present work first investigates the variation in diameter caused
by pellet swelling in an irradiated Zircaloy-4 cladding after chemical
digestion of the uranium oxide (UOx) pellet. Second, the irradiation damage produced during the 30 years elapsed since the end of irradiation in terms of displacements per atom (dpa) is studied by means of the FLUKA Monte Carlo code. The irradiation damage produced by the decay of actinides in the inner surface of the cladding extends for less than 3 % in depth. The considered cladded UOx pellet was extracted from a pressurized water reactor (PWR) fuel rod consisting of five segments, with an average burnup at discharge of 50.4 GWd (tHM)−1.
Slip tendency analysis of major faults in Germany
Authors: Röckel Luisa , Ahlers Steffen , Morawietz Sophia , Müller Birgit , Reiter Karsten , Heidbach Oliver , Henk Andreas , Hergert Tobias , Schilling Frank
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Natural seismicity and tectonic activity are important processes for
the site-selection and for the long-term safety assessment of
a nuclear waste repository, as they can influence the integrity of
underground structures significantly. Therefore, it is crucial to gain
insight into the reactivation potential of faults. The two key factors
that control the reactivation potential are (a) the geometry and
properties of the fault such as strike direction and friction angle,
and (b) the orientations and magnitudes of the recent stress field and
future changes to it due to exogenous processes such as glacial
loading as well as anthropogenic activities in the subsurface. One
measure of the reactivation potential of faults is the ratio of
resolved shear stress to normal stresses at the fault surface, which
is called slip tendency. However, the available information on fault
properties and the stress field in Germany is sparse. Geomechanical
numerical modelling can provide a prediction of the required 3D stress
tensor in places without stress data. Here, we present slip tendency
calculations on major faults based on a 3D geomechanical numerical
model of Germany and adjacent regions of the SpannEnD project (Ahlers
et al., 2021). Criteria for the selection of faults relevant to the scope of the SpannEnD project were identified and 55 faults within the model area were selected. For the selected faults, simplified geometries were created. For a subset of the selected faults, vertical profiles and seismic sections could be used to generate semi-realistic 3D fault geometries. Slip tendency calculations using the stress tensor from the SpannEnD model were performed for both 3D fault sets. The slip tendencies were calculated without factoring in pore pressure and cohesion, and were normalized to a coefficient of friction of 0.6. The resulting values range mainly between 0 and 1, with 6 % of values larger than 0.4. In general, the observed slip tendency is slightly higher for faults striking in the NW and NNE directions than for faults of other strikes. Normal faults show higher slip tendencies than reverse and strike slip faults for the majority of faults. Seismic events are generally in good agreement with the regions of elevated slip tendencies; however, not all seismicity can be explained through the slip tendency analysis.
On the temperature in a final disposal site for high-level radioactive waste
Authors: Maurer-Rurack Ute , Bracke Guido , Hartwig-Thurat Eva , Meleshyn Artur , Weyand Torben
Published: November 2021

Abstract. The Site Selection Act stipulates a precautionary temperature limit of
100 ∘C on the outer surface of the containers with high-level radioactive waste (HLRW) in the final disposal site. This precautionary temperature limit should be applied in preliminary safety analyses provided that the maximum physically possible temperatures in the respective host rocks have not yet been determined due to pending research. Increasing temperatures in the deep geological underground, caused by the heat generation of the HLRW, can trigger thermal, hydraulic, mechanical, chemical and biological processes (THMCB) in the respective host rocks of a final disposal site and thus endanger safety. Furthermore, high temperatures may hamper the feasibility to retrieve and recover HLRW from a final disposal site. Such processes are described in detail in databases for features, events and processes (FEP) databases. Single components or barriers of a final disposal facility may require
specific design temperatures for the preservation of their features once a
concept for long-term safety of a final disposal site is established; however, the interactions of all relevant processes of a concept for a final disposal site must be considered when a specific temperature limit for the outer surface of the containers is derived. This temperature limit may vary for particular safety and final disposal concepts in the host rock: salt, clay and crystalline rock. The conclusion is that temperature limits regarding the outer surface of the containers should be derived specifically for each safety and disposal concept and should be supported by a solid safety analysis. Temperature limits without reference to specific safety concepts or the particular design of the final disposal site likely narrow down the possibilities for optimisation and could adversely affect the site selection process in finding the best suitable site.
Association Between Delayed Diagnosis Of Breast Cancer And Its Degree Of Invasiveness Among The Patients In Tertiary Care Hospital Of Karachi
Authors: Zubairi Suha , Mirza Hassan , Qamar Aisha
Published: November 2021

Objective: To find the association between delayed diagnosis of breast cancer over the degree of invasiveness for each of the immune-histochmically defined molecular type of invasive ductal carcinoma among the patient in tertiary care hospital of Karachi. Study Design and Setting: A cross sectional study was conducted on 153 post mastectomy patients in a time frame of two years at Bait-ul-Sukoon Hospital who had their immunohistochemistry workup. Methodology: The patients included in the research were diagnosed cases of breast cancer; had post-mastectomy with their histopathological and immunochemistry status work up reports. In addition to demographic variables; the histopathological report of specimen, histological tumor type and grade, invasive tumor size, axillary lymph node status, Paget’s disease and stage of the disease were recorded from the histopathological report however ER, PR and Her 2 neu receptor statuses were confirmed via immunochemistry report. Volume of the tumor was calculated using the following formula V = (W2 × L)/2 Convenient sampling was applied and the data was analyzed on SPSS 20.0 with CI-95% and P=0.05. Results- All 153 patients reported because of unpleasant symptoms.47.1% of the participants presented with LT while the remaining 52.9% were grouped as NLT. The association of molecular type with stage at mastectomy was statistically significant (P=0.015) in the ERG. Her-2 enriched variant shows that there was a moderate positive statistically significant relationship between log of total delay and log of tumor volume +2. Conclusion: Delay in diagnosis due to lack of screening modalities, lesser awareness among low socioeconomic groups and inaccessibility to tertiary care were not the major causes of aggressive tumors at diagnosis in developing countries, instead all the major known risk factors influence to the tumor burden collectively
Carta a los gobernantes de América y Plan de realización del supremo sueño de Bolívar
Authors: Cairo Carou Heriberto
Published: November 2021

El nicaragüense Augusto C. Sandino fue uno de los líderes antiimperialistas más importante del siglo XX. Desde 1926 lidera una campaña contra la presencia estadounidense en su país hasta que en 1833 logra expulsar a los marines del mismo. Su pensamiento político, expuesto de forma fragmentaria en cientos de cartas, comunicados, discursos, partes de guerra, etc., tiene una matriz antiimperialista que hace pivotar sobre la necesidad de unidad de la “Nacionalidad Latinoamericana” para derrotar al enemigo del Norte. Este es el sentido principal de los dos documentos que se recogen aquí: urgir a los gobernantes latinoamericanos a rechazar la doctrina Monroe, organizarse políticamente, integrarse como comunidad política siguiendo la estela de Simón Bolívar y defender la soberanía e independencia latinoamericana.
Degeneração de leiomioma de ligamento largo em puérpera
Authors: Santos Isabella Soares da Costa dos , Abreu Leandro Teixeira , Oliveira Deise da Costa , Oliveira Ligia Cardoso de
Published: November 2021

Introdução: Os leiomiomas uterinos são tumores monoclonais benignos originados das células musculares lisas do miométrio. São considerados os tumores pélvicos mais comuns, acometendo mulheres tipicamente em idade reprodutiva e podendo cursar com efeitos adversos. O leiomioma extrauterino (<1%) é mais frequentemente localizado no ligamento largo do útero, porém a sua incidência real é desconhecida, já que é muito raro. Relato de caso: C.C.D.S., 33 anos, 7° dia pós-cesárea de gemelar, em uso de clexane por suspeita de trombose venosa profunda em membro inferior direito e controle pressórico em razão de hipertensão gestacional, inicia um quadro de sangramento por ferida operatória associado a dor abdominal difusa e parada de eliminação de fezes. Foi submetida a laparatomia, com achado cirúrgico de volumosa tumoração retrouterina, na qual podia evidenciar-se intenso foco de sangramento. A histerorrafia não apresentava foco de sangramento. Realizou-se histerectomia total, com rigorosa revisão da hemostasia. Tumoração de 15 cm de diâmetro, de localização para-anexial esquerda, aderida a planos profundos e infundíbulo pélvico esquerdo, que dificuldava a delimitação do ureter. Optou-se por não proceder à exérese da massa tumoral por causa da aderência. O estudo histopatológico confirmou o diagnóstico de leiomiooma. Conclusão: Nosso caso contempla a rara localização retroperitoneal de um leiomioma, parasitando o ligamento largo. Esses tumores histologicamente benignos são frequentemente muito grandes e podem comprimir uretra, colo vesical e ureter. Enfatizamos a importância do reconhecimento de locais extrauterinos para que medidas diagnósticas e terapêuticas sejam executadas mais brevemente.
Gestante com síndrome de Gerbode: primeiro relato na literatura
Authors: Araujo Dayana da Silva de , Rocha Luiza Dias Nogueira da , Mendes Bernardo Jorge da Silva , Mourilhe-Rocha Ricardo , Jesús Nilson Ramires de
Published: November 2021

Introdução: No Brasil, a incidência de gestantes com cardiopatias é cerca de oito vezes maior do que as estatísticas internacionais. Por ser considerada a maior causa de morte materna indireta no ciclo gravídico-puerperal, identificar e acompanhar essas pacientes ainda no período pré- concepcional é importante para estimar o risco materno e o prognóstico fetal. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar o caso de uma gestante com diagnóstico de síndrome de Gerbode (SG). Extremamente raro entre os shunts intracardíacos, essa malformação representa 0,08% dos casos de cardiopatias congênitas. O defeito associado à SG, diagnosticado pelo ecocardiograma, é um shunt entre o átrio direito (AD) e o ventrículo esquerdo (VE) que pode levar a insuficiência cardíaca grave. Relato de caso: G.T.C.S., 32 anos, gestante com 22 semanas, G3PC2A0, foi atendida em novembro de 2020 no ambulatório de insuficiência cardíaca (IC) com queixa de dispneia, tosse, ortopneia e edema progressivo havia um ano. O ecocardiograma evidenciou aumento biatrial, shunt esquerda-direita com comunicação do VE com AD e hipertensão pulmonar leve subestimada pelo hiperfluxo VE-AD, compatíveis com SG. Apresentava sopros sistólicos acentuados em focos tricúspide e mitral, sem outros achados no exame físico. Foram iniciados betabloqueador e diurético de alça e a paciente foi encaminhada ao pré-natal de alto risco materno. Durante a gestação, apresentou dois episódios de internação em unidade fechada, com monitorização contínua e acompanhamento obstétrico e cardiológico com 28 e 33 semanas de gestação. Nessas ocasiões foi admitida por dispneia em repouso, ortopneia e edema de membros inferiores. Apresentava perfil B (quente e congesto) da IC, com necessidade de negativar balanço hídrico, recebendo alta após compensação clínica. Em 8 de março de 2021, houve interrupção eletiva da gestação com 38 semanas e 1 dia. A via de parto foi cesárea, definida pela interatividade, com laqueadura tubária indicada pela Cardiologia pelo alto risco gestacional materno. O recém-nascido do sexo masculino pesou 2875 g, recebeu Apgar 9/9 e não apresentou intercorrências neonatais. O pós-operatório imediato ocorreu em unidade fechada para monitorização contínua. A paciente apresentou puerpério fisiológico e recebeu alta hospitalar em 72 horas. Atualmente, mantém seguimento no ambulatório de IC. Conclusão: O desfecho favorável teve importante relação com o acolhimento no pré-natal, a identificação precoce de sintomas de descompensação e a abordagem multiprofissional em centro de referência. Observou-se também que ajustes terapêuticos foram necessários de acordo com a idade gestacional, com controle hemodinâmico vigoroso, objetivando parto no termo com o melhor prognóstico materno-fetal. Este foi o primeiro relato de caso na literatura que mostra a associação entre as alterações hemodinâmicas encontradas na SG e as alterações fisiológicas do período gestacional.
Global aspects of measure preserving equivalence relations and graphs
Authors: Kechris Alexander
Published: November 2021

This paper is an introduction and survey of a “global” theory of measure preserving equivalence relations and graphs. In this theory one views a measure preserving equivalence relation or graph as a point in an appropriate topological space and then studies the properties of this space from a topological, descriptive set theoretic and dynamical point of view.
IN VITRO HYPOGLYCEMIC EFFECTS OF CAESALPINIA BONDUCELLA AND MYRISTICA FRAGRANS SEED EXTRACTS
Authors: Bhutkar M. A , Bhinge S. D , Randive D. S. , Wadkar G. H , Todkar S. S. ,   Rajarambapu College of Pharmacy, Kasegaon, Dist – Sangli – 415 404, Maharashtra, India
Published: November 2021

The present investigation was undertaken to assess the hypoglycemic potential of Caesalpinia bonducella (C.bonducella) and Myristica fragrans (M.fragrans), employing various in vitro techniques. The extracts of seeds of C. bonducella and M. fragrans were studied for their effects on glucose adsorption capacity, in vitro glucose diffusion, in vitro amylolysis kinetics and glucose transport across the yeast cells. It was observed that the plant extracts under study adsorbed glucose and the adsorption of glucose increased remarkably with an increase in glucose concentration. There were no significant (p≤0.05) differences between their adsorption capacities. The results of amylolysis kinetic experimental model revealed that the rate of glucose diffusion was found to be increased with time from 30 to 180 min and both the plant extracts demonstrated significant inhibitory effects on movement of glucose into external solution across dialysis membrane as compared to control. Also, the plant extracts promoted glucose uptake by the yeast cells. It was observed that the enhancement of glucose uptake was dependent on both the sample and glucose concentration. C. bonducella extract exhibited significantly higher (p≤0.05) activity than the extract of M. fragrans at all concentrations. The results of the study verified the hypoglycemic activity of the extracts of C. bonducella and M. fragrans. However, the observed effects exhibited by the extracts of seeds of C. bonducella and M. fragrans need to be confirmed by using different in vivo models and clinical trials for their effective utilization as therapeutic agents in better management of diabetes mellitus.
GC-MS ANALYSIS OF HEXANE: CHLOROFORM FRACTION OF INDIGOFERA TRITA L. F.
Authors: Aranganayaki J. , Jayanthi G. ,   PG and Research Department of Botany, Vellalar College for Women (Autonomous), Erode- 638 012, Tamil Nadu, India
Published: November 2021

In the present study, the hexane: chloroform fraction of Indigofera trita has been subjected to gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis. Thirty phytochemical constituents have been identified. The major chemical constituents are phthalic acid, di(2-propylpentyl) ester, hexadecane, 1-[trans-4-(1-fluoro-2-iodoethyl)cyclohexyl]-trans-4-(3,4-difluorophenyl) cyclohexane, eicosane and 1- methyl-1-(allyloxy)-1-silacopent-3-ene.
Pengelompokan Data Penjualan Mie Berdasarkan Bulan Dengan Menggunakan Algoritma K-Medoids
Authors: Barus Riahta Ulina Br. , Gunawan Indra , Damanik Bahrudi Efendi , Parlina Iin , Saputra Widodo
Published: November 2021

Mie merupakan salah satu keanekragaman kuliner yang memiliki potensi sangat besar untuk dikembangkan sebagai peningkatan ekonomi di pematangsiantar. Penjualana Mie di Kota pematangsiantar juga sangat pesat, namun para pedagang masih mneggunakan cara manual dalam pengelompokan data hasil penjualan dari berbagai macam jjenis mie yang di jual sehingga tingkat akurasi keuntungannya menjadi tidak Nampak dengan jelas. Berdasarkan itu makan penulis membuat penelitian ini dengan menggunakan Algoritma K-Medoids untuk mengcluster data penjualan mie dari tahun 2018-2019 berdasarkan tahun dan bulan. Hasil yang diperoleh dari  produksi mie di tahun 2018 terbanyak adalah mie pangsit dengan centroid 304670 pada bulan Januari dan mie pangsit dengan centroid 290476 pada bulan Desember, sedangkan di tahun 2019 adalah mie pangsit centroid 311532 bulan Januari dan 311532 pada bulan Desember. Tingkat akurasi dari pengolahan RapidMiner dengan pengolahan yang dilakukan penulis menunjukkan 12 data yang digunakan. Untuk Cluster C1 atau kelompok Tinggi diperoleh akurasi sebesar 17% dengan jumlah data yang sama 2 data, Cluster C2 atau kelompok Sedang diperoleh akurasi sebesar 8% dengan jumlah data yang sama 1 data dan Cluster C3 atau kelompok Rendah diperoleh akurasi sebesar 75% dengan jumlah data yang sama 9 data.
Sistem Informasi Marketplace Penyewaan Barang Berbasis Web Dengan Framework Laravel
Authors: Hidayat Aji Nurcahyo , Iskandar Dadang , Nofiyati Nofiyati
Published: November 2021

Pengguna internet di Indonesia terus mengalami peningkatan. Berdasarkan data dari Asosiasi Penyelenggara Jasa Internet Indonesia (APJII) tahun 2016, jumlah pengguna internet di Indonesia tumbuh sebesar 10,12%. Perkembangan yang semakin pesat ini di manfaatkan oleh berbagai pihak guna memaksimalkan fungsi dari kemajuan teknologi ini, yang salah satunya adalah dalam bidang jasa yaitu penyewaan atau rental barang. Banyaknya bisnis penyewaan barang yang muncul saat ini membuat penyewa barang seringkali lupa terkait informasi terkait produk yang ditawarkan. Kurangnya informasi atau promosi dari pemilik barang membuat calon penyewa sedikit kesulitan dan memerlukan usaha yang lebih untuk mendapatkan barang yang diinginkan, sehingga perlu adanya penyewaan berbasis website yang memuat informasi terkait produk yang ditawarkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat sistem marketplace yang memuduahkan bagi calon penyewa dalam menemukan barang yang diinginkan dan bagi pemilik barang untuk memudahkan memasarkan barangnya dan mengelola barang serta pesanannya. Cara kerja sistem ini, penyewa mencari barang yang diinginkan melalui sistem lalu memesannya. Pesanan tersebut kemudian dikirimkan ke pemilik barang oleh sistem setelah pembayaran untuk biaya sewa dikonfirmasi oleh admin dan pemilik barang dapat memberikan barangnya kepada penyewa sesuai data pesanannya. Sistem ini berbasis web dengan bahasa pemrograman PHP menggunakan framework laravel yang didukung basis data MySQL dan mengacu pada metode pengembangan waterfall pada proses pembuatannya. Tahap pengujian untuk sistem marketplace penyewaan barang dilakukan dengan metode pengujian blackbox testing dan Mean Opinion Score. Hasilnya menunjukan bahwa sitem berjalan sesuai dengan yang diharapkan dan mampu mebantu bagi calon penyewa dalam mencari informasi barang sewaan maupun bagi para pemilik barang dalam mempromosikan barangnya.
Kenmerken van psychogene nietepileptische aanvallen bij mensen met een verstandelijke beperking
Authors: Haenen Alexandra , Lazeron Richard , Van Ool Jans , Snoeijen-Schouwenaars Francesca , Bodde Nynke
Published: November 2021

Psychogene niet-epileptische aanvallen worden in de praktijk herkend bij mensen met een verstandelijke beperking, maar zijn in de literatuur onderbelicht. In een kleinschalige studie vonden we - naast een psychologische kwetsbaarheid - aanwijzingen voor uitlokkende en in stand houdende factoren van PNEA bij de doelgroep verstandelijke beperking. Door de omgang van de omgeving met de aanvallen hierop aan te passen kan veel winst worden geboekt.
Using Transfer Learning, a Mobile Application Detects Brain Tumors
Authors: R BHARATH BALAJI , K V PRADEPP
Published: November 2021

The segmentation, identification, and extraction of contaminated tumour regions from magnetic resonance (MR) images is a serious problem, but it is a time-consuming and labor-intensive operation carried out by radiologists or clinical experts, whose accuracy is totally reliant on their knowledge. As a consequence, using computer-assisted technologies to circumvent these limits becomes more vital. In this study, we looked into Berkeley wavelet transformation (BWT) based brain tumour segmentation to improve performance and reduce the complexity of the medical image segmentation process. Furthermore, relevant properties are extracted from each segmented tissue to improve the support vector machine (SVM) based classifier's accuracy and quality rate. The experimental results of the recommended technique have been examined and validated for performance and quality analysis on magnetic resonance brain pictures based on accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and dice similarity index coefficient. With 96.51 percent accuracy, 94.2 percent specificity, and 97.72 percent sensitivity, the recommended technique for discriminating normal and diseased tissues from brain MR images was shown to be effective. The results of the testing revealed an average dice similarity index coefficient of 0.82, showing that the automated (machine) extracted tumour area coincided with the manually determined tumour region by radiologists. The simulation results show the relevance of quality parameters and accuracy when compared to state-of-the-art approaches. The main objective is to develop a smartphone app for identifying brain tumours.
ML Algorithm-Based Virtual Eye Guidance System
Authors: G LOKESHKUMAR , G RAMAPRAKASH
Published: November 2021

Object detection is used in almost every real-world application, including autonomous traversal, visual systems, and facial recognition, to name a few. The purpose of this study is to apply object detection algorithms to assist visually impaired people. It allows vision impaired people to be aware of their surroundings, enabling them to move freely. With promising findings, a prototype was developed on a Raspberry PI 3 using OpenCV libraries. This research looks at the many methods of detecting items with audio output using various object detection algorithms, such as a deep neural network for SSD constructed using the Caffe model. Along with vocal coaching, we've incorporated an emergency button to inform those nearby and a vibrator to alert deaf people to the obstruction in front of the camera.
The use of block and integrated practicum structures within employer-sponsored pre-registration nursing programmes: A Critical Realist study
Authors: Coleman Phil
Published: November 2021

This study, underpinned by Critical Realism, explores the use of block and integrated placement frameworks within employer-sponsored pre-registration nursing programmes at a United Kingdom university. Digitally recorded, commercially transcribed semi-structured interviews involving four stakeholder groups (employers, students, mentors, and practice tutors), were exposed to qualitative content analysis, and yielded four common themes; connectedness, role transition, carer work and difference. Most respondents perceived the block model as being more effective in promoting connectedness, facilitating role transition, and mitigating against perceived difference; although use of the integrated model was considered more desirable for services having to release these students from carer work. Results also highlight various factors which may influence the most appropriate choice of practicum model, including individual student characteristics, the service in which learners undertake their non-registrant care work, the nature of the placement and mentor autonomy within their clinical role. Congruent with the principles of Critical Realism, efforts to establish potential underlying causative mechanisms associated with practicum experiences are underway and currently involves scrutiny of these results against key features of the Theory of Human Relatedness. Furthermore, a regression analysis to identify the statistical relationship between the placement model completed by two national cohorts and retention rates/degree classifications is in progress. This combined work contributes to the extremely limited body of knowledge in an important area of curriculum design within nurse education.
Influence of multi-decadal meteorological variability on the reference evpotranspirtion in hot and humid coastal town of Annamalainagar in Tamil Nadu state
Authors: A MURUGAPPAN , N MANIKUMARI , S MOHAN
Published: November 2021

Reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is a key pointer of atmospheric evaporation demand and has been extensively used to describe the hydrological change. In this study, the reference evapotranspiration over the hot and humid town, Annamalainagar, very near to the east coast in Tamilnadu State, India, have been estimated employing the FAO Penman-Monteith (PM) method and the observed daily weather data during 1977-2016. The objective of the present study is two-fold: (i) To identify the multi-decadal trend of the various measured meteorological parameters namely, mean air temperature (Tmean), vapour pressure deficit (VPD), actual sunshine hours (SSH), net radiation (Rn) and wind speed (WS) at the study location and (ii) To identify the main contributing meteorological parameter for the detected decreasing trend in ETo over the multi-decadal period.
Characterization of climatic parameters in the perspective of irrigated agriculture in Uttar Kannada district of Karnataka, India
Authors: SHRIDHAR YALLURKAR , SANDEEP NAYAK , LAKSHMAN NANDAGIRI
Published: November 2021

A rainfall and potential evapotranspiration characteristics together determine the agro-meteorological regime of a region and influences decision concerning the magnitudes and timing of irrigation application.  In the present study, historical rainfall and climate data pertaining to the study area, Uttar Kannada district, Karnataka, was analyzed with a view to characterizing irrigation water requirements. In addition to rainfall input, an important aspect of the water balance model is the crop evapotranspiration (ETcrop), which is the main factor in determining the irrigation schedule. ETcrop could be estimated by reference evapotranspiration (ET0) and crop coefficient. Atmospheric demand for water is represented by ‘potential evapotranspiration’ (PET) and calculated from climatic variables which is crucial for irrigation planning. It has been reported that the Penman-Monteith method gives more consistently correct ET0 estimates to other ET0 methods. While recognizing the importance of both rainfall and PET, an effective measure is known as the ‘Moisture Availability Index’ (MAI), which is computed as the ratio of 75% dependable rainfall and potential evapotranspiration. An MAI value of 1.00 indicates that dependable precipitation is equal to potential evapotranspiration. An MAI value of 0.33 or less for one month during the crop growing season is considered to be a signal of water deficit resulting reduction in crop yield. The findings of this study on MAI are used to decide the selection of the sowing period of crops so as to avoid water stress during the critical harvesting period.
Psicologia social comunitária e economia solidária no Brasil: diálogos conceituais
Authors: Cunha Eduardo Vivian da , Leite Maria Laís dos Santos
Published: November 2021

Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal realizar uma aproximação teórica entre os conceitos de comunidade e desenvolvimento comunitário a partir dos aportes da economia solidária e da Psicologia social comunitária. Tendo como cenário os debates e práticas que motivaram a emergência destes campos no contexto brasileiro, buscamos compreender os conceitos selecionados e a partir deles examinar as possibilidades de interconexões. Para tanto, tomamos como base autores(as) representativos(as) para os campos, especialmente na literatura brasileira, e que pudessem contribuir para esta discussão. A partir dos elementos levantados, evidenciamos pontos de convergência e divergência nos conceitos centrais. Dentre as convergências ressaltamos: I. ideias de participação e democracia; II. noção da construção do sujeito crítico; III. noção de uma espécie de cidadania ativa. Já as divergências se colocam mais como caminhos distintos para a leitura de uma mesma realidade social, podendo-se concluir que os campos são complementares para a compreensão desta realidade.
How Neutrosophic Logic may Resolve Dispute on the Origin of the Universe through re-reading Gen. 1:1-2
Authors: Christianto Victor , Smarandache Florentin
Published: November 2021

In recent years, the Big Bang as described by the Lambda CDM-Standard Model Cosmology has become widely accepted by majority of physics and cosmology communities. But the philosophical problems remain, as Vaas pointed out: Did the universe have a beginning or does it exist forever, i.e. is it eternal at least in relation to the past? This fundamental question was a main topic in ancient philosophy of nature and the Middle Ages, and still has its revival in modern physical cosmology both in the controversy between the big bang and steady state models some decades ago and in the contemporary attempts to explain the big bang within a quantum cosmological (vacuum fluctuation) framework. In this paper we argue that Neutrosophic Logic offers a resolution to the long standing disputes between beginning and eternity of the Universe. In other words, in this respect we agree with Vaas, i.e. it can be shown: “how a conceptual and perhaps physical solution of the temporal aspect of Immanuel Kant’s „first antinomy of pure reason“ is possible, i.e. how our universe in some respect could have both a beginning and an eternal existence. Therefore, paradoxically, there might have been a time before time or a beginning of time in time.” By the help of computational simulation, we also show how a model of early Universe with rotation can fit this new picture. Further observations are recommended.