bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measuring Social Economy in Public Statistics: Introduction to the Polish Experience
Authors: Pacut Agnieszka
Published: October 2024

This article presents the objectives, scope, and evolution of the research on social economy conducted by the Research Centre for Social Economy at the Statistical Office in Krakow (Statistics Poland). It highlights the experience and achievements of public statistics in Poland in surveying social economy entities, including social enterprises.
From the Chattel to the Cattle: Human and Animal Laborers in Ancient Israel and Its Context
Authors: Millar Suzanna
Published: October 2024

In many cultures through history, subjugated human and animal laborers have been treated alike. However, very little research has explored this connection in relation to ancient Israel and Judah or ancient West Asia more broadly. In this article, I analyze the interconnections between institutions of human and animal labor according to biblical and other West Asian evidence. Physically, slaves and livestock were subjected to the same body modifications (such as brandings and piercings) and the same physical beatings. Economically, both groups were central to transactions, being bought, sold, or forcibly taken, and laboring for their masters. Socially, both groups were drawn in to participate in societies and nations, and they were precariously situated in kinship groups. Psychologically, both may have been kept in place by their masters’ Social Dominance Orientation, and slaves may have been animalized to justify their treatment. In these ways, institutions of human and animal labor were entangled and mutually reinforcing, leading to the subjugation of both the chattel and the cattle.
RESEARCH AND EVALUATION OF LOGISTICS SCHEMES EFFICIENCY FOR THE GRAIN LOADS TRANSPORTATION FOR EXPORT UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE MILITARY STATE
Authors: VERNYHORA R. , OKOROKOV A. M. , TITIAPOV V. I. , LATASH S. O.
Published: October 2024

Purpose. The aim of the work is to study the effectiveness of various logistics schemes for the delivery of grain cargoes for export from production sites to its transshipment points - to sea ports and to border terminals on the border with the countries of the European Union. Methodology. In the research process analysis and synthesis methods were used to study the content and main provisions of scientific publications on the state of the logistic system of transporting Ukrainian grain for export, the theory of operational work of railways for the development of logistics schemes for the delivery of grain cargoes, methods of mathematical statistics for the analysis of tariffs for road transportation, methods of technical economic calculations and determination of transportation tariffs. Results. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of grain delivery logistics schemes, the routes from one of the areas with the largest concentration of grain loading to a large seaport and to a railway and road border checkpoint were considered. At the same time, the following logistics schemes of grain delivery were chosen: automobile transportation by grain trucks and in containers, railway transportation by wagons and route shipments in grain wagons and in containers on fitting platforms. Calculations showed that transportation costs in the direction of ports are 10...15% lower than for transportation to land checkpoints; rail transportation is generally 30...40% cheaper than road transportation, and transportation in containers allows to save 20...25% of the cost of transportation. Scientific novelty. The obtained results make it possible to provide a scientific and economic basis for the development and improvement of the grain cargo transportation system, as well as for the optimization of the parameters of its individual links. Practical significance. Analysis and improvement of grain transportation logistics schemes will increase the efficiency of grain export logistics, reduce the share of the logistics component in the final cost of Ukrainian grain and, accordingly, increase both its competitiveness on foreign markets and foreign currency revenues to the state budget.
Eurasian Goshawk nesting in relation to prey numbers in Telemark, southern Norway
Authors: Selås Vidar , Selås Kurt Olav
Published: October 2024

Cover photo: Eurasian Goshawk Accipiter gentilis eating a Hooded Crow Corvus cornix. Photo: Kjetil Salomonsen.
In southern Norway, the breeding density of Eurasian Goshawk Accipiter gentilis has typically ranged between 2–4 pairs per 100 km2. However, not all territorial pairs attempt to nest each year. In a ca. 2000 km2 forest-dominated study area in central parts of Telemark County, the highest number of nesting attempts recorded per year during 1991–2022 was 46, and the highest number of successful nesting attempts was 40. The nesting success of Goshawks increased with age and was 66.7% for juveniles (n = 12), 79.3% for subadults (n = 82) and 89.4% for adult females (n = 736). The annual proportion of young Goshawk females (juveniles and subadults) depended on the annual proportion of recorded replacements of old females and was positively related to mean temperatures in April. The annual proportion of recorded substitutions was positively correlated with population indices of several important prey species, particularly forest grouse, and without a time-lag. In a multiple regression model, the relative change in the recorded number of Goshawk nesting attempts, compared to the previous year, was positively correlated with a population index for thrush spp. and a combined index for Wood Pigeon Columba palumbus and Hooded Crow Corvus cornix, without a time-lag, and with a combined index for Capercaillie Tetrao urogallus and Black Grouse Lyrurus tetrix, with a one-year time-lag. The one-year time-lag with grouse was most evident when only successful nesting attempts were considered. We conclude that the breeding densities of Goshawk in Telemark are rather stable, and we conclude that annual variation in the number of recorded nesting attempts to a large extent reflects the effects of variation in prey density on the body condition of female Goshawks.
The Appearance of the Population of the Medieval Fortress of Ples
Authors:   Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Veselovskaya Elizaveta V. , Rasskazova Anna V. , Rashkovskaya Yulia V. , Prosikova Ekaterina A. ,   Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences,   Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences,   Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: October 2024

The present study is devoted to the restoration of the appearance of the population (XI-XIII centuries), that lived on the territory of the modern city of Ples, Ivanovo region. The craniological material comes from two necropolises: Varvarinsky - 8 skulls (5 male, 3 female) and the cemetery on Cathedral Hill - 6 skulls (3 male, 3 female). Whole skulls were selected for the work, according to which a reliable reconstruction of the lifetime appearance is possible. The calculation of the lifetime size of the head was carried out based on the size of the skull according to the program “Algorithm of the Appearance”. Graphic reconstructions of the face and profile of four individuals were performed in different techniques: a pencil drawing and a photograph image. A sculptural reconstruction of a representative of the local population of Kostroma Merya, made earlier, is given. In addition to creating individual craniofacial reconstructions, the article presents a new method for visualizing paleoanthropological data - a generalized portrait reconstruction based on craniological materials. This method is an analogue of the generalized photo portrait in studies of the modern population. Only here, at the first stage, a generalized image of the skull is performed and, based on it, the average lifetime appearance is restored. The generalized portrait reconstruction illustrates the morphological features of the paleoanthropological group as a whole, allowing for visual comparison with modern populations and correlating the results obtained with generalized portraits of modern groups. Men and women of the medieval Ples have a narrow head, somewhat elongated in the frontal-occipital direction, weak development of the brow relief, an orthognathic face, medium height and width, a high nose bridge, a protruding nose, small eyes and a rather large lower jaw. The authors declare no conflicts of interests.
American Studies and Comparative Linguistics. Comments by the Translator
Authors:   Institute of Linguistics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kuznetsov Igor V.
Published: October 2024

In these comments, the author of the translation reconstructs the wide context in which selected works were written, paying close attention to the character of the personal relationships between Franz Boas and his former students, the current scientific agenda and more general discussions of that time. The article uses interviews with experts and archival data from the American Museum of Natural History (New York), as well as two published collections, in particular the correspondence between the main actors of the events described: Edward Sapir, A.L. Kroeber, Waldemar Bogoras et al. Two main conclusions are as follows: by the period under review, a skeptical attitude to both the methodology of European comparativist studies and the value of constructing a genealogical classification triumphed in Boas's views. This shift is explained by the fact that in his struggle against evolutionism, which, in the scholar's opinion, leads to Eurocentrism, it was important for him to emphasize the importance not of origin, but of the influence of the environment on the history of language. The author declares no conflict of interests.
Trabajo colaborativo y co-enseñanza: Sentidos que le otorgan los equipos de aula
Authors: Castro-Cáceres Ricardo , Sagredo Lillo Emilio
Published: October 2024

El presente artículo tiene como propósito comprender los sentidos que le otorgan los profesores al trabajo colaborativo al momento de realizar co-enseñanza, focalizados en contextos educativos inclusivos. Estos desafíos tienen relación con la incorporación de estrategias pedagógicas que propicien una educación inclusiva en espacios educativos regulares. El trabajo se desarrolló desde un paradigma interpretativo-comprensivo, con una metodología cualitativa, desde un enfoque fenomenológico, con estudios de casos múltiples. Según lo anterior, el abordaje de la información se efectuó a partir de la hermenéutica reflexiva que contempla el análisis estructural del discurso. El estudio consideró cuatro escuelas municipales de Educación Básica, situadas en la comuna de San Pedro de la Paz, en la región de Biobío (Chile); participaron diez duplas de aula regular, para un total de veinte participantes. Los resultados de la investigación muestran prácticas pedagógicas competitivas e individuales con relaciones profesionales tensas y jerárquicas. A esto se agregan formas de trabajo rutinario y normado con escaso margen a la reflexión y creación pedagógica.
Особенности эколого-гидрогеохимических исследований качества родниковых вод
Authors: Бударина Виктория Александровна , Сигора Галина Анатольевна , Смоленская Тамара Юрьевна , Ничкова Лариса Александровна , Игнатенко Игнат Михайлович
Published: October 2024

Цель – оценка экологического состояния воды подземных источников, находящихся в городской и сельской местности, по результатам анализа химического состава воды на примере Севастопольского региона. Материалы и методы. В период с марта по июнь 2023 года обследовано 30 источников подземных вод (15 источников, находящихся в черте города, и 15 источников, находящихся в сельской местности) Севастопольского региона. Гидрохимическая оценка качества проб воды проводилась по основным показателям качества с применением физико-химических методов анализа. Результаты и обсуждение. По разработанному ряду критериев ранжирования качества родниковых вод все исследуемые источники разделены на три группы: «загрязненные», «условно чистые», «чистые». Результаты химического анализа показали, что большая часть исследуемых родников (77 %) относятся к группе «загрязненные» – концентрация некоторых определяемых компонентов в пробах превышает установленные предельно допустимые концентрации (ПДК) более чем в 2 раза. Проведена сравнительная оценка качества воды подземных источников, находящихся в черте города и в сельской местности. Выводы. Информирование населения о качестве родниковых вод популярных подземных источников позволит минимизировать риск возникновения заболеваний, связанных с употреблением некачественной воды в питьевых целях, поможет привлечь внимание общественности к проблеме загрязнения воды и сохранению родников.
Защитник, ученый, педагог (к 100-летию со дня рождения известного воронежского географа)
Authors: Межова Лидия Александровна , Бевз Валерий Николаевич
Published: October 2024

Статья приурочена к юбилейной дате известного географа, Героя Советского Союза, профессора-геоморфолога Н. С. Бевза и посвящена основным вехам его жизненного пути, научной и педагогической деятельности на кафедре физической географии Воронежского государственного педагогического университета и активной деятельности в Воронежском отделении Русского географического общества. В статье использованы воспоминания и публикации коллег Н. С. Бевза. Бевз Н. С. – человек, проживший яркую жизнь, сумевший объединить в себе самые различные качества – воина, защитника Отечества, ученого, давшего геоморфологической науке новые идеи, преподавателя педагогического вуза, воспитывающего учителей географии.
Палеомерзлотные реликты в ландшафтной структуре межсопочных долин Губерлинских гор на Южном Урале
Authors: Рябуха Анна Геннадьевна , Поляков Дмитрий Геннадьевич
Published: October 2024

Цель исследования – поиск и изучение ландшафтных и почвенных признаков палеомерзлоты на Южном Урале в Губерлинских горах. Материалы и методы. Дешифрирование космических снимков высокого разрешения картографических ресурсов Google Earth, Bing Maps, Yandex Maps с целью выявления полигональных образований как ведущих геоморфологических индикаторов палеомерзлоты. Полевые маршрутные и полустационарные исследования на ключевых участках. Результаты и обсуждения. По материалам космической съемки и полевых исследований впервые на Южном Урале встречены микрорельеф и морфологические признаки, которые интерпретированы как следы реликтовых криогенных структур. Определены площади развития палеокриогенного микрорельефа в межсопочных долинах Губерлинских гор, представленного полигональными и бугристыми образованиями. Морфологические особенности изученного микрорельефа указывают на его образование в результате процессов морозобойного растрескивания и формирования грунтовых жил в неоплейстоцене. Выводы: Впервые для территории Губерлинских гор получены данные о существовании в этом регионе палеомерзлоты в неоплейстоцене и, возможно, в начальные холодные этапы голоцена.
Poder sobre la micropolítica en la universidad de Esmeraldas
Authors: Gómez-Abeledo Guadalupe , Medina-Sánchez Patricia , Rodríguez-Martínez Antonia
Published: October 2024

This case of applied anthropology results from a contextual study, from the observation of power relations within the institution, and from the attempt to understand them. After the research work, based on questionnaires and interviews, in addition to the cases attended to by the University Welfare Directorate, the systematization of abuses based on the control of gender body expression, political-economic, and discursive positions is evident. that crossed hair/hair, clothing and militancy. The ethnography within the institution itself, the “Luis Vargas Torres” Technical University of Esmeraldas – the only public university in a province with a majority black population. The student body – to a lesser extent the teaching staff – has been forced to express with their body what the university institutional micropolitics established as normative, and which was intertwined with the racism that the student body did not want to continue assuming as they communicated in their complaints in the Directorate of University Welfare. The creation of the “ALMARGEN” research group helped to generate an applied anthropology, which illuminated the possibility of debating and approving – with some concessions in the initial claims – an affirmative action regulation in which, above all, it tends to create the academic and coexistence environment, which facilitates expression through clothing, speeches, associations and/or creativity of the university community. And that explains that no control will be exercised in classrooms and/or campuses over free expression, with emphasis on hair, also free. Applied anthropology has been more than the expression of a desire, and this is manifested in the fact that women will be the main candidates for positions of responsibility.
Implementation Barriers to Process Innovation among Malaysian Manufacturing SMEs: A Review
Authors: Adnan Muhamad Nikmatullah Ajwad , Yaacob Mohd Rafi , Mukhtar Dzulkifli , Abdullah Nawi
Published: October 2024

Process innovation is widely recognised as a crucial driver of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The SMEs that could not rapidly evolve core business strategies may become uncompetitive owing to obsolete products and processes. Hence, SMEs should consider the potential benefits of refining current processes apart from focusing on existing product offerings. Fostering process innovation could significantly improve competitiveness, efficiency, and plant visibility. Nonetheless, most SMEs struggle to implement efficient and effective process innovations in existing production operations. The current study aims to review the barriers encountered by manufacturing SMEs to facilitate process innovation.
The Impact of E-Commerce Platform Adoption Among MSME: A Literature Review
Authors: Welas Suzlita , Muhayiddin Mohd Nazri , Yaacob Abdul Aziz
Published: October 2024

The spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has changed daily life greatly. As a result of the restrictions implemented during the spread of COVID-19, most transactions were undertaken online. All economic sectors, including the Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME) sector, were affected by the new norms. At the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak, online transactions were challenging to implement. Nevertheless, they are becoming easier and help entrepreneurs maintain consistent operations until the economic situation becomes stable. The MSME sector is crucial in comparison with other primary sectors in the acquisition of national income. This review article discusses the impact of the adoption of e-commerce platforms among MSME entrepreneurs based on three aspects of technology, organisation, and environment in a recovering economy after the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. The three primary aspects of the technology, organisation, and environment (TOE) model are widely adopted in the study of e-commerce platform adoption. In the future, this study will continue with the methodology, findings, and discussion sections.
The Implication of E-Commerce Application in SMEs
Authors: Welas Suzlita
Published: October 2024

This research aims to explore the implication of e-commerce application among Small and Medium (SM) Malay entrepreneurs involved in the Malaysian food and beverage manufacturing industry based on three perspectives: technology, competition, and suppliers. A survey questionnaire was developed following the three variables. Furthermore, a pilot study was conducted to identify the necessary improvements to be made to the instrument. The respondents involved SM Malay entrepreneurs who are e-commerce application users, with a 68.4% response rate. The empirical data were statistically analysed via stepwise multiple regression. Resultantly, the variables of competition and supplier influenced the implication of e-commerce application among SM Malay entrepreneurs.
The image of the hero in modern Ukrainian cinema: moral and sociocultural collisions of creation
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Tymoshenko Alyona
Published: October 2024

Background. The relevance of research lies in the fact that a wide spectrum of characters created by contemporary cinema become symbols of their time and culture. Analyzing such heroes' images allows us to uncover the depth of their moral, sociocultural, and psychological aspects that reflect the trends and values of contemporary society. Methods. The method of interview is used in the research, and the optics of the texts by Carl Jung and Joseph Campbell were used to conceptualize the material. Investigating the cinematic creation of hero's image reveals the methods and strategies used by authors to achieve depth and realism in their characters. Specifics of such processes are crucial for understanding how cinema shapes our consciousness and influences our perception of present-day reality. Unveiling the creation of heroic imagery in cinema is significant both for analyzing contemporary culture and for finding ways to resolve conflicts and build peace. In the current global transformations and turbulency, in the third year of russian full-scale invasion of Ukraine, cultural issues are extremely important, as they play a vital role in forming new meanings and connections, national self-identity, and intercultural understanding. Objective. To investigate the process of hero's image creation in cinema, including the methods, strategies, and techniques used by authors to achieve depth and realism in their characters; and to highlight the importance of studying film characters in the context of contemporary challenges such as wars, conflicts, and social changes. Results. The research identifies the main stages and methods of hero's image creation, reveals the influence of authorial decisions on the process of hero transformation/creation, and determines which specific filmmakers' choices affect the development and change of the hero's image throughout the film. The analysis uncovers the significance of moral, sociocultural, and psychological aspects in the process of hero's image transformation/creation. Presented analysis of cinematic masterpieces illustrates the process of hero's image transformation through the path of creation. Conclusions. The processes of hero's image creation and transformation in contemporary cinema have an important impact on culture and society, especially in challenging circumstances, and need further investigations by cultural studies.
Democratic model of the city's cultural landscape transformation
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Stepanenko Anastasiia
Published: October 2024

Background. The analysis of the city's cultural landscape allows investigation of features and the context of local culture. The hybrid organization of the city as a media-architectural complex, and the involvement of city residents in the processes of making administrative decisions in various forms create a field for a democratic model of transformation of the cities' cultural landscapes. This model provides not just residents' free access to the city space but also their active participation in making decisions about its use and making changes. Methods. The methods of empirical analysis, systematization, generalization, and comparison of the obtained data, as well as the description of the obtained results, were used. Results. The cultural landscape of the city is the result of the interaction of various actors – local self-government, public organizations, enterprises, creative industries, and residents. Changes in politics, economy, and society can contribute to the development of new ideas and approaches to the cultural landscape of the city that reflect current needs and values. The democratic model of a city's cultural landscape development requires an effective communication system between all actors. The media play here a key role by shaping the perception, idea, and public opinion of urban space, and influencing decision-making in this domain. In the context of the studied model of the city's cultural landscape development, the media have an important task of ensuring openness and availability of information about various initiatives and projects implemented in the city. They help involve citizens in discussions, consultations, and public debates on city development issues, and promote the formation of common development goals and strategies. Conclusions. It was defined that the development of a democratic model of the city's cultural landscape transformation is important for ensuring sustainable urban development and improving the residents' quality of life. The media play an important role in creating an open and transparent urban environment that promotes the active participation of citizens in decision-making processes and shaping the city's cultural landscape. Their role is to ensure wide access to information, facilitate an open exchange of views and ideas, and support dialogue between all stakeholders in urban development. Local residents as social actors can make deep changes in the city's cultural landscape structure. This plays a positive role for local democracies and the culture of interaction because local actors are the most interested party when a local-level problem acquires a high level of complexity.
A Bronze Age Site on the Northern Coast of West Java
Authors:   Research Center for Prehistoric and Historical Archaeology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Yondri L. , Tabarev A. V. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Popov A. N. ,   Far Eastern Federal University, Triwurjani Rr. ,   Research Center for Prehistoric and Historical Archaeology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Umar D.Y.Y. ,   Research Center for Prehistoric and Historical Archaeology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Taniardi P. N. ,   Research Center for Prehistoric and Historical Archaeology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Susilowati N. ,   Research Center for Prehistoric and Historical Archaeology, National Research and Innovation Agency
Published: October 2024

Исследование посвящено ранним поселениям на северном побережье о-ва Ява, связанным с влиянием австронезийской культуры. Публикуются материалы памятника Субангларанг в районе Бинонг регентства Субанг. С геологической точки зрения, в период 2 000-1 000 л.н. территория этого памятника была частью береговой линии на северном побережье Западной Явы и располагалась на высоте более 5 м над ур. м. В результате обследований в 2013 г. и раскопок в 2016 и 2018 гг. здесь обнаружено пять захоронений. На основании найденных в них фрагментов красноглиняной керамики, кирок, бусин различных форм и размеров, металлических предметов вооружения памятник датирован периодом палеометалла. Выявлены артефакты, аналогичные изделиям ранних австронезийцев. Анализ разнообразных бусин с поселения Субангларанг дал основание для вывода о торгово-обменных связях его обитателей с внешним миром. Дальнейшие раскопки на северном побережье Западной Явы позволят получить более полное представление о жизни в период палеометалла в этом месте.
Microstructural Study of Medieval Crucible Steels from Archaeological Sites in Central and Northwest Asia: Identifying the Bulat
Authors:   Kemerovo State University, Zinyakov N. M.
Published: October 2024

Статья посвящена изучению микроструктуры изделий из тигельной стали, обнаруженных на археологических памятниках IX-XV вв. в Центральной и Северо-Западной Азии. Металлографическое исследование находок, происходящих из поселенческих и погребальных комплексов с точно определенными хронологией, локализацией и набором артефактов, играет важную роль в постижении истории булата и восстановлении технологии выплавки и механической обработки сверхвысокоуглеродистой тигельной стали. Изучение макро- и микроструктуры, химический анализ рассматриваемых изделий показали крайне высокую концентрацию углерода в металле — от 1,7 до 2,1 %. Характерным признаком микроструктуры исследованных сплавов является наличие темной матрицы, белых включений ледебурита и карбидов железа. Сочетание структурных составляющих находит свое отражение в узорчатом строении стали. Отмеченные признаки дают основание отождествлять ее с восточным булатом. Результаты микроструктурных исследований расширяют наши представления о существующих разновидностях булата, особенностях строения и фазовом составе отдельных групп сверхвысокоуглеродистой тигельной стали, технологии тигельной плавки, характере пластической и термической обработки и физических свойствах железоуглеродистых сплавов.
Principal Results of the Project Implemented by the Research and Educational Center for Altaic and Turkic Studies “Greater Altai”
Authors:   Altai State University, Zemlyukov S. V. , Grushin S. P. ,   Altai State University
Published: October 2024

Статья посвящена итогам работы международного коллектива ученых, состоящего из более чем 60 чел., в т. ч. ведущих тюркологов из 22 российских и 13 зарубежных научно-образовательных и академических центров, в рамках реализации проекта Научно-образовательного центра алтаистики и тюркологии «Большой Алтай» в 2022-2023 гг. За этот период проведены шесть археологических и четыре этнографические экспедиции на территории Российской Федерации, Республик Казахстан и Кыргызстан. Получены новые материалы по формированию тюркского этнокультурного комплекса и его распространению на пространствах Центральной Азии. В процессе археологических исследований реализована научная программа, включавшая выявление новых памятников, раскопки и музеефикацию археологических объектов, их фото- и 3Б-фиксацию. В ходе этнографических экспедиций собран материал по тюркскому эпическому наследию и традиционной культуре, на основании которого обнаружено много сходных элементов в явлениях культуры этнических групп алтайцев и киргизов. Выявлены этнографические параллели славянских и тюркских народов стран Большого Алтая. Результаты исследований послужили основой для разработки концепции славяно-тюркского единства, которая имеет важное теоретическое и практическое значение.
Explainable AI (XAI) for Health Insurance Underwriting
Authors: Thulasi Vel Deepan Vishal
Published: October 2024

This research paper focuses on offering an understanding of the role of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) when underwriting a health insurance policy. The latter is due to AI systems being applied in risk management and policy-making across the insurance industry, and hence, there is a rising need for explicability of such systems. This work provides a detailed exploration of several XAI methods, the application of the selected approaches within the case of health insurance, and the barriers to achieving a proper level of model interpretability and reliability. We focus on the national and international methods for interpretation, the locally interpretable deep learning models, the metrics for XAI in underwriting context. Furthermore, we present a brief of important regulatory concerns, ethical issues, and recommendations for further research wherein the field is experiencing rapid expansion. Based on our findings, we conclude that XAI provides viable solutions for building trustworthiness in health insurance underwriting AI systems but state limitations with relation to scalability for handling complex health data and to meet strict regulatory concerns. The study therefore presents XAI as a tool that has the potential of transforming underwriting process especially by improving the amount of trust that health insurance markets and consumers place in the AI models used in underwriting.
Features of vertical body balance in children with asymmetric pectus excavatum before and after surgical correction
Authors: Nikityuk Igor E. , Garkavenko Yuriy E. , Ryzhikov Dmitry V. , Dolgiev Bahauddin H.
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND: Currently, minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum are being developed. However, studies on the physiological aspects of the patient’s body in response to surgery are limited. Recently, researchers have become interested in the functional diagnosis of the state of the musculoskeletal system in patients with this pathology.
AIM: To assess the dynamics of vertical body balance in patients with severe right-sided pectus excavatum before and after minimally invasive reconstructive operations aimed at eliminating deformity.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical radiation and stabilometric studies of 22 patients aged 13–16 years with right-sided pectus excavatum were conducted. Group A included patients with a low body mass index of 16.0 (15.3–17.7) kg/m2. Group B consisted of ten patients with normal body mass index values of 18.5 (17.7–20.4) kg/m2. In patients of both groups, an analysis of the stabilometric parameters of the movement of the general body pressure center and individually the pressure centers of the left and right lower extremities was performed before surgery and 1.5–2 years after. The patients underwent the same type of bone reconstructive surgery that is, minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum. The stabilometric parameters of the patients were compared with similar parameters of 20 healthy children in the control group.
RESULTS: In both groups of patients, a deterioration in vertical balance was recorded before surgery compared with healthy children. In group A, a relatively stable balance of the total body pressure center was revealed, with a deterioration in the movement parameters of the pressure centers of the left and right lower extremities. In contrast, in group B, the mechanism for ensuring a vertical stance was the opposite: a less stable balance of the general center of body pressure against the background of greater postural stability of the contralateral lower extremities was observed. This indicates heterogeneous locomotor strategies to ensure vertical balance in patients with different body mass indices. In the long term, to correct chest deformity after surgery, the patients of both groups showed opposite changes in the postural control system. In patients with a low body mass index, further deterioration was noted in vertical balance; the quality of balance function decreased from 78% to 69% (p 0.05). Moreover, patients with normal body mass index showed an improvement in posture stability; the quality of balance function increased from 74% to 83% (p 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: In patients with pectus excavatum with reduced body mass index, it is recommended to conduct an individual rehabilitation program after minimally invasive deformation correction to adapt them postoperatively and normalize the vertical balance of the body.
Nitel Araştırmalarda Veri Doygunluğu
Authors: Akçay Sinan , Koca Esra
Published: October 2024

Nitel araştırmalarda veri doygunluğu araştırmanın güven duyulabilirliği ve örneklemin gerekçelendirilmesi açısından önemlidir. Veri doygunluğunun nitel araştırma sürecinde bilinçli olarak gözlemlenmesi ve hangi aşamada ve nasıl doygunluğa ulaşıldığı şeffaflıkla araştırma raporunda belirtilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışma, nitel araştırma yöntem ve tekniklerini kullanarak araştırma yapacak olan araştırmacılara veri doygunluğunu nasıl gerekçelendireceklerine ve veri doygunluğu açısından dikkat edilmesi gereken hususlara dair bir rehber ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Derleme olarak tasarlanan çalışmada veri doygunluğu, doygunluk türleri ve doygunluğu etkileyen faktörler hakkında bilgi verilmektedir. Bu çalışmada nitel araştırmalarda doygunluğa ulaşmak ve doygunluğu belirlemek için net bir formülün bulunmadığı ve veri doygunluğunun araştırmanın tasarlanmasından analiz edilmesine kadarki süreçlerle ilişkili olduğu vurgulanmaktadır. Bu odakta veri doygunluğu açısından dikkat edilmesi gereken hususlara dair tasarlanan rehberde araştırmanın tasarlanması, verilerin oluşturulması ve verilerin analiz edilmesi süreçleriyle ilgili faktörlere yer verilmiştir.
Büyük Güç Mücadelesine Dönüş ve Dördüncü Sanayi Devrimi Liderlik Yarışının Stratejik Bir Boyutu: 5G ve Huawei
Authors: Aydın İsmail
Published: October 2024

Bu çalışma, Büyük Güç Mücadelesi bağlamında 5G’nin ve özellikle Huawei’nin neden Çin ile Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (ABD) arasında çatışma alanı haline geldiği sorusuna yanıt aramaktadır. ABD, Çin’i siyasal sistem olarak ötekileştirirken konuya siber güvenlik tehdidi olarak yaklaşmaktadır. Çin ise konuya, ABD’nin dördüncü sanayi devrimi mücadelesinde Çinli şirketleri akamete uğratma girişimleri şeklinde karşılık vermektedir. Çalışma, Büyük Güç Mücadelesi bağlamında literatürdeki ABD-Çin tartışmaları ile başlayacaktır. Sonrasında yüzeydeki ticaret savaşına dair gelişmeler aktarılacak ve akabinde savaşın ilk nasıl başladığı anlaşılmaya çalışılacaktır. Sonraki bölümde, konunun derinlerinde yatan nedenlere ulaşabilmek için, 5G’nin ne olduğu, dünyada neleri nasıl değiştirmesinin beklendiği ortaya konacaktır. Takip eden bölümde ise, Huawei’nin hedef tahtasında olmasının koşullarını oluşturan teknolojik arka plan ortaya konmaya çalışılacaktır. Sonuç bölümünde, ABD ve Çin arasındaki çatışmanın, Dördüncü Sanayi Devrimi liderliğinin ve sonuç olarak küresel liderliğin hem ülkesel hem de coğrafi olarak değişim mücadelesinin 5G özelinde nereye evrildiği bilimsel veriler ışığında cevaplanmaya çalışılacaktır. Çalışma metodolojik olarak nitel bir araştırma olarak tasarlanmış ve çalışmada doküman analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, literatürde yer alan tartışmaların yanı sıra, konu ile ilgili sektörel aktörlerin yayınlarından, gerek uluslararası ilişkiler gerekse elektrik-elektronik mühendisliği literatüründeki bilimsel çalışmalardan ve uluslararası yayınları ve haberleri içeren ampirik verilerden faydalanılmıştır.
Küresel Barışın Askeri Harcamalar Üzerindeki Etkisi
Authors: Erdem Mehmet Samet
Published: October 2024

Askeri harcamalar, barışın ve güvenliğin sağlanmasında oldukça önemli bir faktör olmasının yanı sıra ülkelerin ekonomik büyümeleri üzerinde tartışmalı etkilere sahiptir. Barışı sağlamada askeri harcamaların ne büyüklükte olması gerektiği de bu tartışmaların bir başka boyutunu oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Küresel Barış Endeksi (GPI)’de yer alan 18 ülkenin 2008-2022 yıllarını kapsayan verileri ile askeri harcamalarının, küresel barış endeksi, GSYH ve askeri personel sayılarıyla ilişkileri panel veri analiziyle incelenmiştir. Sonuçlar küresel barış endeksi, GSYH ve askeri personel sayısı ile askeri harcamalar arasında pozitif yönlü ilişkinin olduğunu göstermektedir. Barışın askeri harcamalar üzerinde azaltıcı bir etkisi olduğunu sonucunun ülkelerin sadece kendi dinamikleri ile değil coğrafi konum, komşu ülkelerin silahlanmaları ve dünya üzerindeki gelişmeler gibi faktörlerin de dikkate alınarak değerlendirilmesi gerektiği düşünülmektedir.
Hakkı Kâmil Beşe’nin Hikâyelerinde Anadoluculuk Akımının Yansımaları
Authors: Uslu Ahmet
Published: October 2024

Bu çalışmada 1071 Malazgirt Savaşı ile Anadolu’ya gelen ve bin yılda coğrafî ve tarihî unsurları, gelenek ve görenekleriyle bütünleşmiş Anadolu insanını temel alan Anadoluculuk Hareketi ile ilgili kısa bir giriş yapılarak edebiyat üzerindeki etkisi üzerinde özellikle de Hakkı Kâmil Beşe’nin hikâyelerinde bu düşüncenin nasıl ele alındığı üzerinde durulacaktır. Çalışmanın asıl amacı bu hareketin edebî eserlerde nasıl ele alındığını Beşe’nin hikâyeleri örneğinde ortaya koymaktır. Hakkı Kâmil Beşe’nin iki hikâye kitabı bulunmaktadır. Birinci kitabı tek bir hikâyeden oluşan on bölümlük bir kitaptır. İkinci kitabında ise yirmi iki hikâyesi vardır. Çalışmada Hakkı Kâmil Beşe’nin yayımladığı hikâyeler, “coğrafya, devlet anlayışı, Anadolu insanın özellikleri, kadın, kahramanlık, gelenek ve görenekler, tasavvuf ehli ve halk müziği, at, ahlakî değerler ve inanç sistemi, tedavi, aydın ve köylü” başlıkları altında incelenmiştir. Anadolu’yu vatan haline dönüştüren Müslüman Türkmenler ve yerli halkın kaynaşarak yeni devletin kurulması ile birlikte Anadolu’nun imarı, gelenek ve göreneklerin devam ettirilmesi, Anadolu’ya has ahlakî inançlar ve değerler ele alınmıştır. Hakkı Kâmil Beşe, Anadoluculuk anlayışını hikâyelerinde bütün yönleri ile ele alarak bir düşünce sisteminin hikâye yolu ile geniş halk kitlelerine ulaşmasını sağlamıştır. Bu çalışmanın daha sonra yapılacak başka çalışmalara yol gösterici olacağı düşünülmektedir.
Avrupa Komşuluk Politikası Çerçevesinde Moldova – Avrupa Birliği İlişkileri ve İlişkilerde Rusya’nın Rolünün Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Bardakcı Mehmet
Published: October 2024

Bu makalenin amacı bağımsızlık sonrası dönemde Moldova’nın AB’yle ilişkilerinin gelişimini Avrupa Komşuluk Politikası (AKP) çerçevesinde incelemek ve bu süreçte Rusya’nın oynadığı rolü ele almaktadır. Makale şu tezleri savunmaktadır: Moldova, yoksul olması, Transdinyester sorununun çözülememesi, Rusya’nın bölgedeki etkisi ve AB’nin Doğu Avrupa’ya doğru genişlemeye önem vermesi ve bütünleşme sürecine vurgu yapması gibi nedenlerle AB’nin öncelikli olarak bütünleşmeyi hedeflemediği bir ülke olduğu için Moldova-AB ilişkileri bilhassa 2022’de Rusya’nın Ukrayna’ya saldırısına kadar yavaş ilerlemiştir. Makalenin diğer tezi: Rusya, tarihsel, toplumsal, kültürel, siyasal, ekonomik ve askeri nedenlerle bağımsızlık sonrası dönemde Moldova’da her zaman belli bir etkiye sahip olmuştur. Fakat Moldova-AB ilişkilerinin AKP çerçevesinde yoğunlaşmasıyla Moldova gitgide Rusya’nın yörüngesinden uzaklaşmaya başlamıştır. Bunun yanında makale, genişleme konusunda geleneksel olarak demokrasi, hukuk devleti, insan hakları gibi değerlere vurgu yaparken 2022’de Rusya’nın Ukrayna’ya saldırısından sonra AB’nin artan güvenlik tehdidi algısı nedeniyle genişlemeyle ilgili tutumunda jeostratejiyi öncelediğini ileri sürmektedir. Bu çerçevede makalede AB’nin bu değişen yaklaşımı sonucunda AKP kapsamında yer alıp da AB’ye üye olması öngörülmeyen Moldova, Ukrayna ve Gürcistan gibi ülkelerin AB’ye üyelik yolunun açıldığı savunulmaktadır.
Birleşmiş Milletler Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları Çerçevesinde Türkiye’deki Büyükşehir Belediyelerinin Faaliyetlerinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Haberal Zehra , Işık Ayşe
Published: October 2024

Birleşmiş Milletler Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçlarına (SKA) ulaşılmasında yerel yönetimlerin katkısının önemli olacağı düşüncesiyle bu çalışmada, Türkiye’deki büyükşehir belediyelerinin SKA’ları ne ölçüde desteklediklerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada bu konu genelden özele doğru gidilerek üç boyutta ele alınmıştır. İlk olarak Cumhurbaşkanlığı Strateji ve Bütçe Başkanlığı tarafından yayımlanan Ulusal Kalkınma Planlarında yerel yönetimlerin stratejik hedefleri arasında SKA’lara yönelik hedefleri olup olmadığının değerlendirilmesi amacıyla 11. ve 12. ulusal kalkınma planları incelenmiştir. İçerik analizleri yapılarak değerlendirilen bu planlarda yerel yönetimlerin SKA’lara yönelik hedeflerinin olması gerektiğinin vurgulandığı belirlenmiştir. Daha sonra 30 büyükşehir belediyesinin 2020-2024 dönemi stratejik planları incelenerek belediyelerin SKA’lara yönelik stratejik hedeflerinin olup olmadığı değerlendirilmiştir. İçerik analizi yapılarak değerlendirilen planlarda 17 SKA’nın benzer düzeyde desteklemediği en çok desteklenen SKA’ların SKA 8, SKA 11 ve SKA 16 olduğu belirlenmiştir. Üçüncü boyutta ise bu belediyelerin 2022 yılı faaliyet raporları incelenerek SKA’lara yönelik stratejik hedeflerinin gerçekleşme düzeylerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu aşamada nitel veriler nicel verilere dönüştürülerek değerlendirilmiş ve ilgili dönemde SKA’ları destekleyeceği belirlenen 381 hedefin 265’inin büyükşehir belediyeleri tarafından gerçekleştirildiği belirlenmiştir.
Estrategias de emprendedores sociales peruanos desde lo cognitivo y el entorno
Authors: López Valladares Hellen , Huamaní Cadenas Judith , Arroyo Gerardo , Díaz Gamarra Manuel
Published: October 2024

This research aimed to identify the strategies that social entrepreneurs use to create and grow their businesses through the analysis of cognitive dimensions and environmental facilitators. Multiple case studies were conducted to explore representative social enterprises in Peru. The results showed that business desirability defines the management of the initial years of the business, driven by empathy and moral principles, while feasibility, guided by self-efficacy, enables more sustainable growth. Four strategies, 1) maintaining coherence, 2) balancing passion and reason, 3) self-learning, and 4) active collaboration, facilitate the growth of social enterprises.
Efferocytosis as One of the Mechanisms for Realizing the Therapeutic Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Blinova G.A. , Yarygin K.N. , Kholodenko I.V.
Published: October 2024

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) stimulate regeneration and exhibit unique immunomodulatory properties, which makes them attractive for use in cell therapies of a wide range of pathologies. The clinical use of MSCs is hampered by the insufficiently clear understanding of their therapeutic action mechanisms. It has been reliably proven that MSCs after transplantation quickly die in the recipient&s body by the mechanism of apoptosis and are cleared by professional, such as macrophages, and non-professional phagocytes, including endothelial cells, hepatocytes, resident stem cells of various tissues, including MSCs. The ingestion and processing of apoptotic cells by the phagocytes was named efferocytosis. Despite rapid elimination of transplanted cells, in most cases MSC transplantation leads to positive therapeutic effects. Clearance of apoptotic MSCs affects phagocytes, changing their phenotype, secretome, and further behavior. This review presents the basic molecular mechanisms of efferocytosis, examines the clearance of apoptotic MSCs and their therapeutic effects in various pathologies in the context of their efferocytosis by various types of phagocytes.
Bigdata of National Medicine Registers
Authors: Savosina P.I. , Druzhilovskiy D.S. , Filimonov D.A. , Poroikov V.V.
Published: October 2024

Currently, various databases of approved drugs are widely used in the development and application of computer-aided drug design for training sets and validating predicted models. Most of the freely available databases contain information on a limited number of drugs. This leads to reduction in the space of pharmacotherapeutic chemistry studied and used by researchers. Information on drugs developed and used locally, in one or two countries, can be obtained from relevant national medicine registries. We have identified and analyzed registries from more than 70 countries around the world that are accessible through open web resources on the Internet. In addition to lists of approved therapeutics, many web resources offer the opportunity to review official documents published by medical authorities after the approval process. These documents contain a wide range of information about drugs, including data on structural formulations, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics, toxicity, etc. The compounds represented in the registries, both in terms of quantity and structural diversity, exceed the known widely used databases of approved drugs. Combined data from national drug registries represent an example of “Big Data” in the biomedical field, taking into account all the difficulties involved in their processing. Its use in computer-aided drug design will not only expand the pharmacotherapeutic chemical space studied, but also improve the quality of the original data.
Interrupción voluntaria del embarazo: análisis de argumentos médicos y legales en Colombia
Authors: Sánchez-Duque Jorge Andrés
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: Analizar los argumentos médicos y legales en torno a la interrupción voluntaria del embarazo en Colombia. Métodos: revisión narrativa de literatura en once bases de datos, desde enero del 2007 hasta febrero del 2019. Resultados: de una preselección de 652 artículos, 32 fueron seleccionados para el análisis de acuerdo con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión del estudio. Se diseñó una línea jurisprudencial del aborto en Colombia, la cual registró 25 sentencias de la Corte Constitucional Colombiana con modificaciones en la legislación del aborto desde 1994. En las bases de datos se encuentra múltiple literatura con poco rigor metodológico y científico. Conclusiones: Se identificaron los argumentos más sólidos disponibles en la literatura científica sobre IVE en Colombia.