bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Force–velocity profiling of elite wheelchair rugby players by manipulating rolling resistance over multiple wheelchair sprints
Authors: Janssen Rowie J. F. , de Groot Sonja , Van der Woude Lucas H. V. , Houdijk Han , Goosey‐Tolfrey Vicky L. , Vegter Riemer J. K.
Published: May 2023

This study investigated the effect of increased rolling resistance on wheelchair sprint performance and the concomitant force–velocity characteristics. Thirteen wheelchair rugby (WCR) athletes completed five 15 s wheelchair sprints in their own rugby wheelchair on an instrumented dual‐roller wheelchair ergometer. The first sprint was performed against a close to overground resistance and in each of the following sprints, the resistance increased with 80% of that resistance. A repeated‐measures ANOVA examined differences between sprints. Subsequently, linear regression analyses examined the individual force–velocity relations and then, individual parabolic power output curves were modeled. Increased rolling resistance led to significantly lower velocities (−36%), higher propulsion forces (+150%) and higher power outputs (+83%). These differences were accompanied by a lower push frequency, higher push time, yet a constant recovery time and contact angle. The modeled linear regressions (R2 = 0.71 ± 0.10) between force and velocity differed a lot in slope and intercept among individual athletes. The peak of the power output parabola (i.e., the optimal velocity) occurred on average at 3.1 ± 0.6 ms−1. These individual force–velocity profiles can be used for training recommendations or technological changes to better exploit power generation capabilities of the WCR athletes' musculoskeletal system.
How do I reduce variation in red blood cell transfusion practices in a large integrated health care system?
Authors: Entzel Pamela , Nielsen Matthew , Weiss Susan , Park Yara A. , Lu Rommel , Baskin‐Miller Jacquelyn , Hutchinson Blake , Obioma Prestige , An Xinming , Balfanz Greg
Published: May 2023

Background

Reducing variation in transfusion practices can prevent unwarranted transfusions, an outcome that improves quality of care and patient safety, while lowering costs and eliminating waste of blood. We developed and assessed a system‐wide initiative to reduce variation in red blood cell (RBC) transfusion in terms of both transfusion utilization and the number of units transfused.

Intervention Design And Methods

Our initiative combined a single‐unit default order for RBC transfusion in hemodynamically stable, non‐bleeding patients with a “Why Give 2 When 1 Will Do?” Choosing Wisely campaign, while also promoting a restrictive hemoglobin threshold (Hb <7 g/dl). This multimodal intervention was implemented across an academic medical center (AMC) with over 950 beds and 10 community hospitals.

Results

Between our baseline (CY 2020) and intervention period (CY 2021), single‐unit orders increased from 57% to 70% of all RBC transfusion orders (p < .001). The greatest change in ordering practices was at community hospitals, where single‐unit orders increased from 46% to 65% (p < .001). Over the same time period, the system‐wide mean (SD) Hb result prior to transfusion fell from 7.3 (0.05) to 7.2 g/dl (0.04) (p < .05). We estimate this effort saved over 4000 units of blood and over $4 million in direct and indirect costs in its first year.

Discussion

By combining a single‐unit default setting in the RBC order with a restrictive hemoglobin threshold, we significantly reduced variation in ordering practices. This effort demonstrates the value of single‐unit policies and “nudges” in system‐wide patient blood management initiatives.
Evolving deferral criteria for blood donation in France: Plasma donation by men who have sex with men
Authors: Tiberghien Pierre , Lecam Sophie , Huet Julie , Malard Lucile , Tavenard Tristan , Pillonel Josiane , Sauvage Claire , Bocquet Thibaut , Bliem Cathy , Morel Pascal , Richard Pascale , Laperche Syria
Published: May 2023

Background and Objectives

Since the advent of AIDS, men who have sex with men (MSM) have often been deferred from blood donation. In France, quarantine plasma donation by MSM donors with the same deferral rules as for other donors was introduced in July 2016 and continued up to March 2022. At this time, MSM‐specific deferral criteria were lifted for all blood or plasma donation. The donor deferral, as well as rate of infectious markers in plasma donors who would have been otherwise deferred for MSM activity, was evaluated and compared with those of the other donors during the same time period from June 2016 to March 2022.

Results

A total of 8843 MSM donors made 12,250 plasma donation applications. The overall deferral rate was very high (75.2%), mainly due to the absence of apheresis capacity at the donation site. The deferral criteria for sexual risk were present in 12.1% of MSM donors compared with 1.0% in other plasma and blood donors (p < 0.001). Overall, 994 MSM donors made 2880 plasma donations. Of these, one donation was HIV positive (34.7 vs. 0.6/105 donations by other donors, relative risk [RR]: 61.0 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.5–437.7]), one was HBV positive (34.7 vs. 4.5/105, RR: 7.7 [95% CI: 1.1–54.6]) and none were HCV positive (0 vs. 2.4/105). Additionally, 21 donations were syphilis positive (729.2 vs. 10.7/105, RR: 67.9 [95% CI: 44.2–104.4]). A post hoc analysis of eligible MSM donors who were unable to donate plasma due to logistic constraints yielded similar findings.

Conclusion

Plasma donation by donors who would have been otherwise deferred for MSM activity was associated with both an increased deferral rate for sexual risk and an increased rate of infectious markers, notably syphilis.
Cardiomyocyte tetrahydrobiopterin synthesis regulates fatty acid metabolism and susceptibility to ischaemia–reperfusion injury
Authors: Chu Sandy M. , Heather Lisa C. , Chuaiphichai Surawee , Nicol Thomas , Wright Benjamin , Miossec Matthieu , Bendall Jennifer K. , Douglas Gillian , Crabtree Mark J. , Channon Keith M.
Published: May 2023

Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is an essential cofactor for nitric oxide (NO) synthases in which its production of NO is crucial for cardiac function. However, non‐canonical roles of BH4 have been discovered recently and the cell‐specific role of cardiomyocyte BH4 in cardiac function and metabolism remains to be elucidated. Therefore, we developed a novel mouse model of cardiomyocyte BH4 deficiency, by cardiomyocyte‐specific deletion of Gch1, which encodes guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase I, a required enzyme for de novo BH4 synthesis. Cardiomyocyte (cm)Gch1 mRNA expression and BH4 levels from cmGch1 KO mice were significantly reduced compared to Gch1flox/flox (WT) littermates. Transcriptomic analyses and protein assays revealed downregulation of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation in cmGch1 KO hearts compared with WT, accompanied by increased triacylglycerol concentration within the myocardium. Deletion of cardiomyocyte BH4 did not alter basal cardiac function. However, the recovery of left ventricle function was improved in cmGch1 KO hearts when subjected to ex vivo ischaemia–reperfusion (IR) injury, with reduced infarct size compared to WT hearts. Metabolomic analyses of cardiac tissue after IR revealed that long‐chain fatty acids were increased in cmGch1 KO hearts compared to WT, whereas at 5 min reperfusion (post‐35 min ischaemia) fatty acid metabolite levels were higher in WT compared to cmGch1 KO hearts. These results indicate a new role for BH4 in cardiomyocyte fatty acid metabolism, such that reduction of cardiomyocyte BH4 confers a protective effect in response to cardiac IR injury. Manipulating cardiac metabolism via BH4 could play a therapeutic role in limiting IR injury.
High‐intensity interval training in the form of isometric contraction improves fatigue resistance in dystrophin‐deficient muscle
Authors: Yamauchi Nao , Tamai Katsuyuki , Kimura Iori , Naito Azuma , Tokuda Nao , Ashida Yuki , Motohashi Norio , Aoki Yoshitsugu , Yamada Takashi
Published: May 2023

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a genetic muscle‐wasting disorder characterized by progressive muscle weakness and easy fatigability. Here we examined whether high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) in the form of isometric contraction improves fatigue resistance in skeletal muscle from dystrophin‐deficient mdx52 mice. Isometric HIIT was performed on plantar flexor muscles in vivo with supramaximal electrical stimulation every other day for 4 weeks (a total of 15 sessions). In the non‐trained contralateral gastrocnemius muscle from mdx52 mice, the decreased fatigue resistance was associated with a reduction in the amount of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ coactivator 1‐α, citrate synthase activity, mitochondrial respiratory complex II, LC3B‐II/I ratio, and mitophagy‐related gene expression (i.e. Pink1, parkin, Bnip3 and Bcl2l13) as well as an increase in the phosphorylation levels of Src Tyr416 and Akt Ser473, the amount of p62, and the percentage of Evans Blue dye‐positive area. Isometric HIIT restored all these alterations and markedly improved fatigue resistance in mdx52 muscles. Moreover, an acute bout of HIIT increased the phosphorylation levels of AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) Thr172, acetyl CoA carboxylase Ser79, unc‐51‐like autophagy activating kinase 1 (Ulk1) Ser555, and dynamin‐related protein 1 (Drp1) Ser616 in mdx52 muscles. Thus, our data show that HIIT with isometric contractions significantly mitigates histological signs of pathology and improves fatigue resistance in dystrophin‐deficient muscles. These beneficial effects can be explained by the restoration of mitochondrial function via AMPK‐dependent induction of the mitophagy programme and de novo mitochondrial biogenesis.

image

Key points

Skeletal muscle fatigue is often associated with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and leads to an inability to perform daily tasks, profoundly decreasing quality of life.

We examined the effect of high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) in the form of isometric contraction on fatigue resistance in skeletal muscle from the mdx52 mouse model of DMD.

Isometric HIIT counteracted the reduced fatigue resistance as well as dystrophic changes in skeletal muscle of mdx52 mice.

This beneficial effect could be explained by the restoration of mitochondrial function via AMP‐activated protein kinase‐dependent mitochondrial biogenesis and the induction of the mitophagy programme in the dystrophic muscles.
Monitoring Wear of a Deep Groove Ball Bearing Using Ultrasonic Reflection
Authors: Zhou Rui , Li Meng , Zhang Rongfeng , Liu Li yuan , Yang Jun , Liu Heng , Liu Yi
Published: May 2023

Wear changes the contact state and contact stiffness of the interface between the ball and the outer raceway under the operation of a deep groove ball bearing, resulting in the change of reflection coefficient of the interface. This paper describes a method based on ultrasonic reflection to assess the wear status of rolling element bearings. A deep groove ball bearing wear test was performed and the reflected pulses were collected with a linear ultrasonic probe mounted on the bearing outer ring. The results show as the wear intensity first increases and then decreases from running-in stage to steady wear period, the reflection coefficient of the interface between the outer raceway and ball shows the expected opposite trend. In addition, the ultrasonic measurement of wear state was verified by oil debris monitoring using on-line visual ferrography.
A Novel Movement Assessment for Autism: The WES Scale
Authors: Hynes Janette , Pineau Julien , Ramirez Mike
Published: May 2023

Arguably the greatest responsibility of a coach is to help an athlete move better. From sports to strength and conditioning training, the athlete is constantly in motion and utilizing basic movement patterns to achieve an array of goals. With this in mind the ability of a coach to work with athletes of different autism profiles is necessary to provide a comprehensive curriculum. Of importance, the rise of autism diagnoses has dramatically increased with a 787% increase in diagnoses from 1998 to 2018. With this increase in autism diagnoses the need for coaching capacity to meet this influx is vital, with responsibility falling on coaching educators. Offering coaches continuing education to efficiently work with this population can help to promote inclusive sports and gym settings. Among these new curricula being developed, adaptive coaches have created a novel movement assessment that can be used with autistic athletes. The WES Scale movement assessment was originally created by autistic coach educator Julien Pineau. This curriculum serves to produce well-rounded coaches and gym environments where movement development can be shared with autistic athlete profiles through precise movement assessment.
Home-site advantage for host species–specific gut microbiota
Authors: Sprockett Daniel D. , Price Jeffrey D. , Juritsch Anthony F. , Schmaltz Robert J. , Real Madalena V. F. , Goldman Samantha L. , Sheehan Michael , Ramer-Tait Amanda E. , Moeller Andrew H.
Published: May 2023

Mammalian species harbor compositionally distinct gut microbial communities, but the mechanisms that maintain specificity of symbionts to host species remain unclear. Here, we show that natural selection within house mice (
Mus musculus domesticus
) drives deterministic assembly of the house-mouse gut microbiota from mixtures of native and non-native microbiotas. Competing microbiotas from wild-derived lines of house mice and other mouse species (
Mus
and
Peromyscus
spp.) within germ-free wild-type (WT) and
Rag1
-knockout (
Rag1
−/−
) house mice revealed widespread fitness advantages for native gut bacteria. Native bacterial lineages significantly outcompeted non-native lineages in both WT and
Rag1
−/−
mice, indicating home-site advantage for native microbiota independent of host adaptive immunity. However, a minority of native Bacteriodetes and Firmicutes favored by selection in WT hosts were not favored or disfavored in
Rag1
−/−
hosts, indicating that
Rag1
mediates fitness advantages of these strains. This study demonstrates home-site advantage for native gut bacteria, consistent with local adaptation of gut microbiota to their mammalian species.
Genome Sequence Resource of the Avocado Scab Pathogen Elsinoe perseae
Authors: Gañán-Betancur Lederson , Gazis Romina
Published: May 2023

We present a draft genome sequence of
Elsinoe perseae
, an economically important plant pathogen of commercially grown avocados. The 23.5-Mb assembled genome consists of 169 contigs. This report represents an important genomic resource to guide future research aimed at understanding the genetic interactions of
E. perseae
with its host.
Rapid Detection of Predominant SARS-CoV-2 Variants Using Multiplex High-Resolution Melting Analysis
Authors: Sun Liying , Wang Liqin , Zhang Chi , Xiao Yan , Zhang Lulu , Zhao Ziyuan , Ren Lili , Peng Junping
Published: May 2023

In the face of the current severe situation of increasing SARS-CoV-2 variants, we developed an upgraded multiplex HRM method for the predominant SARS-CoV-2 variants based on our original research. This method not only could identify the variants but also could be utilized in subsequent detection of novel variants since the assay has great performance in terms of flexibility.
Genomics of Aminoglycoside Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bloodstream Infections at a United States Academic Hospital
Authors: Atassi Giancarlo , Medernach Rachel , Scheetz Marc , Nozick Sophia , Rhodes Nathaniel J. , Murphy-Belcaster Megan , Murphy Katherine R. , Alisoltani Arghavan , Ozer Egon A. , Hauser Alan R.
Published: May 2023

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
is frequently resistant to multiple antibiotics, including aminoglycosides. The rates of resistance to aminoglycosides in bloodstream isolates collected over 2 decades at a United States hospital remained constant, suggesting that antibiotic stewardship programs may be effective in countering an increase in resistance.
First identification of Early Cretaceous mafic dikes in the Baingoin area, central Tibet: Implications for crust-mantle interactions and magmatic flare-up
Authors: Hu Wan-Long , Wang Qiang , Tang Gong-Jian , Qi Yue , Wang Jun , Yang Zong-Yong , Sun Peng
Published: May 2023

Mafic dikes are generally emplaced in extensional tectonic settings and provide key information regarding deep mantle processes and sources. The Bangong-Nujiang suture zone was formed by the collision of the Qiangtang and Lhasa terranes and experienced intense magmatism during the Early Cretaceous. However, the deep mantle processes and mechanisms involved in this magmatic flare-up (ca. 115 Ma) in the collisional belt remain controversial because of the lack of evidence for coeval mafic magmatism. Here, we present detailed petrological, geochronological, geochemical, and Sr-Nd-Hf-O isotope data for the newly discovered hypersthene-bearing mafic dikes in the Baingoin area in the middle-eastern parts of the Bangong-Nujiang suture zone, central Tibet. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) zircon U-Pb dating showed that the mafic dikes were emplaced during 120−115 Ma. These mafic rocks are characterized by variable MgO contents (2.7−5.2 wt%) and Mg# values (38.5−52.8), slight enrichment in light rare earth elements (REEs; [La/Yb]N = 7.5−8.1), relatively flat heavy REE patterns ([Gd/Yb]N = 1.75−1.84), and negative Eu, Ta, Nb, and Ti anomalies. The dikes also have relatively low initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7060−0.7062) and negative εNd(t) (−2.2 to −1.6) and positive εHf(t) (+2.5 to +3.6) values, and variable zircon εHf(t) (−2.2 to +7.2) and slightly elevated zircon δ18O (5.6‰−7.0‰) values. These geochemical characteristics indicate that the mafic dikes were derived from an enriched lithospheric mantle source. However, compared with coeval magmatic rocks, the mafic dikes have relatively high εNd(t) and εHf(t) values, indicating that they contain a depleted mantle component. The mafic dikes contain clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene (i.e., hypersthene), indicative of derivation from a high-temperature magma source. Clinopyroxene-melt thermobarometry yielded a temperature range of 1167−1213 °C, further supporting the involvement of a high-temperature asthenospheric component. Therefore, we suggest that the parental magmas of the Nakoulai mafic dikes were probably generated by the interaction between the asthenospheric mantle and overlying metasomatized lithospheric mantle. Combined with data from nearby Cretaceous magmatic rocks and sedimentary rocks, we suggest that the mafic dikes were generated in a postcollisional setting caused by upwelling of asthenospheric mantle owing to slab breakoff beneath the Bangong-Nujiang suture zone. Slab breakoff played a key role in the crust-mantle interactions and the onset of the magmatic flare-up in the middle-eastern parts of the Bangong-Nujiang suture zone.
‘Diagnostic anchoring’ and a delayed diagnosis of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome
Authors: Huang Shiwei , Williams Cameron , Thomas James , Khalil Najwa , Wenderoth Jason , Parsons Mark
Published: May 2023

We present a case of a woman in her 60s with acute left hemispheric ischaemic stroke syndrome due to tandem occlusions of the proximal left internal carotid artery and left middle cerebral artery. This was treated with emergent carotid artery stenting and endovascular clot retrieval. The patient made a complete recovery and was discharged home only to represent a few days later with focal neurological symptoms, profound headache and labile blood pressure. The diagnostic and management challenges of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome, including imaging assessment and the importance of avoiding ‘diagnostic anchoring’ are discussed.
Cyclic intravenous pamidronate for an infant with osteogenesis imperfecta type II
Authors: Fukahori Kyoko , Nirei Jun , Yamawaki Kaoru , Nagasaki Keisuke
Published: May 2023

A woman in her 30s underwent a 17-week ultrasound which revealed short bowed long bones. Fetal CT at 28 weeks’ gestation showed decreased ossification of the skull, a small bell-shaped thorax, hypoplastic vertebrae, and shortening and bowing of the long bones, leading to the diagnosis of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) type II. The newborn was delivered via caesarean delivery, and tracheal intubation was performed due to the respiratory distress. A heterozygous variant inCOL1A1(c.1679G>T, p. Gly358Val) was ascertained, confirming the diagnosis of OI type II.

Cyclic intravenous pamidronate was started at 41 days old with dose modification and was successfully administered every month. Currently, the infant is 8 months old without any new bone fracture. He was extubated successfully at 7 months of age and is now stable using high flow nasal cannula. The efficacy, safety, and optimal dose and timing of cyclic pamidronate for OI type II remain undefined. We report our experience of successful cyclic intravenous pamidronate treatment for an infant with OI type II.
Disseminated tuberculosis involving the eye, skin, axillary lymph nodes and lungs in an immunocompetent host
Authors: Haque Obaid Imtiyazul , Rizvi Syed Asghar , Siddiqui Ziya
Published: May 2023

A female in her early 40s presented to the outpatient clinic for weight loss, fatigue, cough, followed by a gradual painful loss of vision in the right eye associated with redness over the past 3 months. Physical examination revealed bilateral axillary lymphadenopathy and non-healing skin ulcers on the left forearm and the left gluteal region. The patient had no light perception in the right eye and grade 4+ cells in the anterior chamber. A chest X-ray showed a cavitary lesion in the left upper lobe. Histopathological tests from the skin and lymph nodes revealed caseating granulomas, raising the suspicion of tuberculosis. A sputum nucleic acid amplification test was performed, which returned positive forMycobacterium tuberculosis. The patient was treated with antitubercular chemotherapy and showed encouraging signs of progress after the treatment.
Musculoskeletal pain is not clearly associated with the risk of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in adolescents
Authors: Strømme Sofie Hammernes , Guddal Maren Hjelle , Fenstad Anne Marie , Visnes Håvard , Zwart John-Anker , Storheim Kjersti , Johnsen Marianne Bakke
Published: May 2023

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether self-reported musculoskeletal pain (MSP) was associated with a future anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR).

Methods

In this population-based prospective cohort study, we included 8087 participants from the adolescent part of the Trøndelag Health Study (Young-HUNT) in Norway. The exposure was self-reported MSP from the Young-HUNT3 study (2006–2008), which was categorised into two MSP load groups (high MSP and low MSP) based on frequency and number of pain sites. The outcome was ACLRs recorded in the Norwegian Knee Ligament Register between 2006 and 2019. Logistic regression was used to investigate association between MSP load and ACLR, given as ORs with 95% CIs. All tests were two-sided and p values of ≤0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results

8087 adolescents were included. We identified a total of 99 ACLRs, with 6 ACLRs (0.9%) in adolescents who reported high MSP load and 93 ACLRs (1.3%) among those who reported low MSP load. Adolescents reporting high MSP load had 23% lower odds of an ACLR (OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.31 to 1.91) compared with adolescents with low MSP load. However, the CIs were very wide.

Conclusion

Self-reported high MSP load in adolescents was not associated with increased risk of future ACLR. Although the number of participants was high, the relatively few cases of ACLR mean that we cannot be conclusive about the presence or absence of an association.
Increasing trend in hospitalisation due to adverse drug reactions: can we stem the tide?
Authors: Walker Lauren E , Pirmohamed Munir
Published: May 2023

Living with multiple long-term health conditions (multimorbidity) is increasingly common in older age. The more long-term conditions that an individual has, the more medicines they are likely to take. Hospitalisation as a consequence of medication-related harm is increasing and a concerted effort is needed to reduce the burden of harm caused by medication. However, making decisions about the balance between benefit and harm for an older person with multimorbidity and polypharmacy is very complex. There are various clinical tools that can help to identify patients at higher risk of harm and numerous strategies, including medicines optimisation reviews that incorporate personalised health information, to try to reduce risk. Further education and training of the healthcare professionals is needed to equip the multidisciplinary workforce with the skills and knowledge to address these challenges. This article discusses some of the changes that can be implemented now and highlights areas that will require more research before they can be introduced, in order to help patients to get the best out of their medicines.
An analysis of Canada's declared live wildlife imports and implications for zoonotic disease risk
Authors: Hamers Michèle , Elwin Angie , Collard Rosemary-Claire , Shepherd Chris R. , Coulthard Emma , Norrey John , Megson David , D'Cruze Neil
Published: May 2023

In Canada, there have been calls for increased research into and surveillance of wildlife trade and associated zoonotic disease risks. We provide the first comprehensive analysis of Canadian live wildlife imports over a 7-year period (2014–2020), based on data from federal government databases obtained via Access to Information requests. A total of 1 820 313 individual animals (including wild-caught and captive-bred animals but excluding fish, invertebrates, Columbiformes (pigeons), and Galliformes (game birds)), from 1028 documented import records, were imported into Canada during 2014–2020. Birds were the most imported taxonomic class (51%), followed by reptiles (28%), amphibians (19%), and mammals (2%). In total, 22 taxonomic orders from 79 countries were recorded as imported. Approximately half of the animals (49%) were imported for the exotic pet market. Based on existing literature and a review of the Canadian regulatory apparatus, we gesture to these importations' potential implications for zoonotic disease risk and discuss potential biosecurity challenges at the Canadian border. Finally, we identify data gaps that prevent an extensive assessment of the zoonotic disease risk of live wildlife imports. We recommend data collection for all wildlife importation and improved coordination between agencies to accurately assess zoonotic disease risk.
R. Fürth’s 1933 paper “On certain relations between classical statistics and quantum mechanics” [“Über einige Beziehungen zwischen klassischer Statistik und Quantenmechanik”, Zeitschrift für Physik, 81 143–162]
Authors: Peliti Luca , Muratore-Ginanneschi Paolo
Published: May 2023

We present a translation of the 1933 paper by R. Fürth in which a profound analogy between quantum fluctuations and Brownian motion is pointed out. Fürth highlights the existence of uncertainty relations involving the variance of a statistically conserved quantity of a non-equilibrium thermodynamic indicator and the variance of the corresponding current velocity. The phenomenon is entirely classical and traces back to the effect of a fluctuating environment on a measured system. In some sense, Fürth’s paper also opened the way to the stochastic methods of quantization developed almost 30 years later by Edward Nelson and others.
Molecular clocks, satellite cells, and skeletal muscle regeneration
Authors: Kahn Ryan E. , Dayanidhi Sudarshan , Lacham-Kaplan Orly , Hawley John A.
Published: May 2023

Skeletal muscle comprises approximately 50% of individual body mass and plays vital roles in locomotion, heat production, and whole body metabolic homeostasis. This tissue exhibits a robust diurnal rhythm that is under control of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) region of the hypothalamus. The SCN acts as a “central” coordinator of circadian rhythms, while cell-autonomous “peripheral” clocks are located within almost all other tissues/organs in the body. Synchronization of the peripheral clocks in muscles (and other tissues) together with the central clock is crucial to ensure temporally coordinated physiology across all organ systems. By virtue of its mass, human skeletal muscle contains the largest collection of peripheral clocks, but within muscle resides a local stem cell population, satellite cells (SCs), which have their own functional molecular clock, independent of the numerous muscle clocks. Skeletal muscle has a daily turnover rate of 1%–2%, so the regenerative capacity of this tissue is important for whole body homeostasis/repair and depends on successful SC myogenic progression (i.e., proliferation, differentiation, and fusion). Emerging evidence suggests that SC-mediated muscle regeneration may, in part, be regulated by molecular clocks involved in SC-specific diurnal transcription. Here we provide insights on molecular clock regulation of muscle regeneration/repair and provide a novel perspective on the interplay between SC-specific molecular clocks, myogenic programs, and cell cycle kinetics that underpin myogenic progression.
The endothelium in lung fibrosis: a core signaling hub in disease pathogenesis?
Authors: Fließer Elisabeth , Lins Thomas , Berg Johannes Lorenz , Kolb Martin , Kwapiszewska Grazyna
Published: May 2023

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a progressive chronic lung disease characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) and structural destruction, associated with a severe 5-year mortality rate. The onset of the disease is thought to be triggered by chronic damage to the alveolar epithelium. Since the pulmonary endothelium is an important component of the alveolar-capillary niche, it is also affected by the initial injury. In addition to ensuring proper gas exchange, the endothelium has critical functional properties, including regulation of vascular tone, inflammatory responses, coagulation, and maintenance of vascular homeostasis and integrity. Recent single-cell analyses have shown that shifts in endothelial cell (EC) subtypes occur in PF. Furthermore, the increased vascular remodeling associated with PF leads to deteriorated outcomes for patients, underscoring the importance of the vascular bed in PF. To date, the causes and consequences of endothelial and vascular involvement in lung fibrosis are poorly understood. Therefore, it is of great importance to investigate the involvement of EC and the vascular system in the pathogenesis of the disease. In this review, we will outline the current knowledge on the role of the pulmonary vasculature in PF, in terms of abnormal cellular interactions, hyperinflammation, vascular barrier disorders, and an altered basement membrane composition. Finally, we will summarize recent advances in extensive therapeutic research and discuss the significant value of novel therapies targeting the endothelium.
Asymmetric activation of dimeric GABAB and metabotropic glutamate receptors
Authors: Liu Lei , Lin Li , Shen Cangsong , Rondard Philippe , Pin Jean-Philippe , Xu Chanjuan , Liu Jianfeng
Published: May 2023

γ-aminobutyric acid type B (GABAB) and metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors form constitutive dimers, which are required for their function. They serve as models to better understand the diversity and activation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The structures of these receptors in different conformations and in complexes with G proteins have revealed their asymmetric activation. This asymmetry is further highlighted by the recent discovery of specific and functional mGlu heterodimers. Allosteric modulators can be developed to target the transmembrane interface and modulate the asymmetry.
JAKinibs prevent persistent, IFNγ-autonomous endothelial cell inflammation and immunogenicity
Authors: Valenzuela Nicole M.
Published: May 2023

The central question investigated in this study is why vascular endothelium remains inflamed and what underlying signaling is responsible. The new results show that the resolution of endothelial-controlled inflammation may be impaired or delayed because Janus kinase (JAK)/STAT activation is maintained autonomous of interferon (IFN)γ presence, and the late phase negative regulator suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS)1 fails to be induced.
Strain-dependent lung transcriptomic differences in cigarette smoke and LPS models of lung injury in mice
Authors: Siamwala Jamila H. , Mossman Jim A. , Schorl Christoph , Borgas Diana , Sakhatskyy Pavlo , Rand David M. , Lu Qing , Rounds Sharon
Published: May 2023

We demonstrate that transcriptomes expressed in lung homogenates also differ between the mouse strains and after acute (3 wk) exposure of animals to cigarette smoke (CS) and/or to lipopolysaccharide. Mouse strains also differed in physiologic, pathologic, and transcriptomic, responses to more prolonged (6 wk) exposure to CS. These data support a genetic basis for enhanced susceptibility to acute and chronic lung injury among humans who smoke cigarettes.
Surrounding Object Material Detection and Identification Method for Robots Based on Ultrasonic Echo Signals
Authors: Zhu Bo , Geng Tao , Jiang Gedong , Guan Zheng , Li Yang , Yun Xialun
Published: May 2023

Material perception is one of the several essential abilities required by robots, and it also poses significant challenges in real-world field applications. In harsh environments, the existing material recognition methods have the problem of low accuracy. In this paper, ultrasonic technology is applied to the field of material recognition, which is derived from the predatory strategy of echolocation animals. We propose a novel noncontact material recognition method of surrounding objects for robots based on ultrasonic echo signals, which can be used in external extreme environments. This method primarily adopts the 16-dimensional feature vector extracted from intrinsic mode functions that we gain from empirical mode decomposition as inputs of machine learning algorithms to recognize different materials, and we use K-nearest neighbor, decision tree, and support vector machine algorithms on the feature vector set to decide the best classifier, and its acoustic theoretical model is established additionally. The experimental results validate the accuracy of the acoustic theoretical model and the effectiveness of the proposed method. Compared with the existing methods, the proposed method improves the low accuracy and the poor recognition effect in ultrasonic material recognition. This method provides a new idea for robots to recognize and perceive materials in extreme environments.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Contents of Four Species of Smoked Fish from Different Sites in Senegal
Authors: Diop El Hadji Moussa , Ndiaye Bou , Sow Alioune , Sambe Falilou Mbacké , Sall Mamadou , Thiam Mamadou Saliou
Published: May 2023

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are compounds resulting from any incomplete combustion process. These are pollutants that have proven toxicity due to their carcinogenic nature and can contaminate food during traditional smoking methods. Their highly toxic effect on human health requires monitoring of their levels in food products and the development of appropriate analytical methods for their determination. Thus, this study was conducted to assess the level of PAHs contamination of four (4) species of smoked fish (Arius heudelotii, Sardinella aurita, Ethmalosa fimbriata, and Sardinella maderensis) which were sampled in seventeen (17) localities in Senegal. The compounds targeted in this study were benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P), benzo(a)anthracene (B(a)A), benzo(b)fluoranthene (B(b)F), and chrysene (Chr). The QuEChERS method was used for the extraction of PAHs, and their contents were quantified by gas chromatography (GC) coupled with mass spectroscopy (MS). The validation method was performed in accordance with the French standard NF V03-110 (2010). Satisfactory linearity (R2 > 0.999), LOD (0.05–0.09 μg/kg), LOQ (0.19–0.24 μg/kg), and precision (1.33–3.13%) of the four PAHs were obtained. The results of analysis in the 17 localities showed that all samples are contaminated by the four (4) PAHs with great variability of the contents between the different species and their origin. The B(a)P and ∑4PAHS contents in the samples ranged from 1.7 to 33 µg/kg and from 4.8 to 1082.3 µg/kg, respectively. Twelve (12) samples showed high levels of B(a)P, ranging from 2.2 to 33 µg/kg, thus exceeding the maximum authorized level (2 µg/kg). Fourteen (14) samples showed an overall ∑4PAHS content varying from 14.8 to 1082.3 µg/kg, which is above the maximum authorized limit (12 µg/kg). The principal component analysis showed that sardinella (Sardinella aurita and Sardinella maderensis) have very low levels of B(a)P, B(b)F, B(a)A, and Chr contents. However, high ∑4PAHS contents characterize smoked fish of the Kong species (Arius heudelotii), from Cap Skiring, Diogne, Boudody, and Diaobé, and of the Cobo species (Ethmalosa fimbriata) from Djiffer. Thus, based on the authorized limits for PAHs in smoked fish, it appears that smoked fish of the sardinella species are less carcinogenic for human consumption.
A Metabolism-Based Interpretable Machine Learning Prediction Model for Diabetic Retinopathy Risk: A Cross-Sectional Study in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Zong Guo-Wei , Wang Wan-Ying , Zheng Jun , Zhang Wei , Luo Wei-Ming , Fang Zhong-Ze , Zhang Qiang
Published: May 2023

The burden of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is increasing, and the sensitive biomarkers of the disease were not enough. Studies have found that the metabolic profile, such as amino acid (AA) and acylcarnitine (AcylCN), in the early stages of DR patients might have changed, indicating the potential of metabolites to become new biomarkers. We are amid to construct a metabolite-based prediction model for DR risk. This study was conducted on type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with or without DR. Logistic regression and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) prediction models were constructed using the traditional clinical features and the screening features, respectively. Assessing the predictive power of the models in terms of both discrimination and calibration, the optimal model was interpreted using the Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) to quantify the effect of features on prediction. Finally, the XGBoost model incorporating AA and AcylCN variables had the best comprehensive evaluation (

ROCAUC
=
0.82

,

PRAUC
=
0.44

, Brier

score
=
0.09

). C18 : 1OH lower than 0.04 μmol/L, C18 : 1 lower than 0.70 μmol/L, threonine higher than 27.0 μmol/L, and tyrosine lower than 36.0 μmol/L were associated with an increased risk of developing DR. Phenylalanine higher than 52.0 μmol/L was associated with a decreased risk of developing DR. In conclusion, our study mainly used AAs and AcylCNs to construct an interpretable XGBoost model to predict the risk of developing DR in T2D patients which is beneficial in identifying high-risk groups and preventing or delaying the onset of DR. In addition, our study proposed possible risk cut-off values for DR of C18 : 1OH, C18 : 1, threonine, tyrosine, and phenylalanine.
FFA-GAN: A Generative Adversarial Network Based on Feature Fusion Attention for Intelligent Safety Monitoring
Authors: Chang R. , Zhang B. , Zhang Y. , Gao S. , Zhao S. , Rao Y. , Zhai X. , Wang T. , Yang Y.
Published: May 2023

With the rapid development of the national power grid, there is an increasing and strict demand for accurate intelligent management. However, the current detection algorithms have limited abilities under adverse conditions, especially in regions like Yunnan Province with complex terrain. To address this issue, we propose a method that utilizes infrared and visible images to make the images more informative, thereby improving the accuracy of the detection algorithm for electric power construction site safety. First, we design channel attention (CA) module and pixel attention (PA) module to focus on more important channels and resist thick haze pixels that focus on the thick haze pixels and more important channel information. Furthermore, we design a two-stage discriminator which imposes two restrictions on the fused results. Finally, we conduct a large number of comparison experiments with state-of-the-art methods, and the results show that our proposed fusion method achieves excellent performance in infrared and visible image fusion. This method has good prospects for application in the safety supervision of power construction sites and provides a line of defense for construction workers.
A Bibliometric Analysis of Missed Nursing Care Research: Current Themes and Way Forward
Authors: Sarpong Afia Achiaa , Arabiat Diana , Gent Lucy , Towell-Barnard Amanda
Published: May 2023

Background. Missed nursing care adversely affects nurse and patient outcomes in healthcare settings. Comprehensive bibliometric overview of research output in this field is limited, which restricts knowledge of this complex phenomenon in terms of research trends, author’s productivity, and thematic focus of scientific publications. This study aims to examine publications on missed nursing care by conducting a comprehensive bibliometric analysis. Methods. A search was performed in the Scopus database to identify 276 published studies on missed nursing care from inception to 20th February 2022. A bibliometric approach was used to comprehensively analyse retrieved publications based on trend, thematic focus, and scientific production. The R based software was used for data analysis. Results. The result from this bibliometric analysis indicates that the first study performed on the concept of missed nursing care was published in 2006. The United States of America (USA) ranked first in number of publications, and the study by Ball et al. published in 2014 was the most cited paper among the documents analysed. The results also identified names of prolific authors such as Kalisch B.J., Ausserhofer D., Willis E., Papastavrou E., Schubert M., Palese A., Simon M., and Aiken L. H. and relevant institutions in this field. Trending keywords identified included “missed nursing care,” “unfinished nursing care,” “patient safety,” and “care left undone.” In addition, thematic analysis showed emerging themes such as “neonatal intensive care unit,” “patient satisfaction,” “health resources,” “failure to maintain,” and “adverse events.” Conclusion. Findings from this study reveal a lack of bibliometric analysis in missed nursing care research. This study provides significant contribution by presenting a comprehensive overview on thematic focus, hotspots studies, and directions for future research in this field. Findings from this study can guide scholars in defining research focus and aspects of research on missed nursing care for future exploration.
Supplementary Data from Microenvironment-Driven Dynamic Chromatin Changes in Glioblastoma Recapitulate Early Neural Development at Single-Cell Resolution
Authors: Pine Allison R. , Cirigliano Stefano M. , Singhania Richa , Nicholson James , da Silva Bárbara , Leslie Christina S. , Fine Howard A.
Published: May 2023

Supplementary Table (Table S1) and Figure Legends
Table S2 from ASS1-Mediated Reductive Carboxylation of Cytosolic Glutamine Confers Ferroptosis Resistance in Cancer Cells
Authors: Hu Qiangsheng , Dai Jie , Zhang Zheng , Yu Huansha , Zhang Jing , Zhu Xinsheng , Qin Yi , Zhang Lele , Zhang Peng
Published: May 2023

Supplementary Metabolomics raw data
Supplementary Data from Cancer-Associated Fibroblast–Derived miR-146a-5p Generates a Niche That Promotes Bladder Cancer Stemness and Chemoresistance
Authors: Zhuang Junlong , Shen Lan , Li Meiqian , Sun Jingya , Hao Jiange , Li Jiaxuan , Zhu Zhen , Ge Shuning , Zhang Dianzheng , Guo Hongqian , Huang Ruimin , Yan Jun
Published: May 2023

Supplementary Data
Supplementary Data from Inhibition of ACAA1 Restrains Proliferation and Potentiates the Response to CDK4/6 Inhibitors in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Peng Wen-Ting , Jin Xi , Xu Xiao-En , Yang Yun-Song , Ma Ding , Shao Zhi-Ming , Jiang Yi-Zhou
Published: May 2023

Supplementary methods, figures, figure legends, and tables
Supplementary Data from Genome-Wide Splicing Quantitative Expression Locus Analysis Identifies Causal Risk Variants for Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Jin Meng , Liu Bo , Chen Can , Huang Yongbiao , Zhang Huixian , Chen Bingliang , Song Guoda , Zhao Dong , Duan Limin , Liu Wei , Yang Haizhen , Yue Fang , Liu Peijun , Yuan Xianglin , Chu Qian , Tian Jianbo , Hu Ke
Published: May 2023

Supplementary Data
Supplementary Table S1 from BRCA2 Germline Mutations Identify Gastric Cancers Responsive to PARP Inhibitors
Authors: Petrelli Annalisa , Rizzolio Sabrina , Pietrantonio Filippo , Bellomo Sara E. , Benelli Matteo , De Cecco Loris , Romagnoli Dario , Berrino Enrico , Orrù Claudia , Ribisi Salvatore , Moya-Rull Daniel , Migliore Cristina , Conticelli Daniela , Maina Irene M. , Puliga Elisabetta , Serra Violeta , Pellegrino Benedetta , Llop-Guevara Alba , Musolino Antonino , Siena Salvatore , Sartore-Bianchi Andrea , Prisciandaro Michele , Morano Federica , Antista Maria , Fumagalli Uberto , De Manzoni Giovanni , Degiuli Maurizio , Baiocchi Gian Luca , Amisano Marco F. , Ferrero Alessandro , Marchiò Caterina , Corso Simona , Giordano Silvia
Published: May 2023

HRD and mutational signature scores in PDXs used in the preclinical trials
Figure S8 from BRCA2 Germline Mutations Identify Gastric Cancers Responsive to PARP Inhibitors
Authors: Petrelli Annalisa , Rizzolio Sabrina , Pietrantonio Filippo , Bellomo Sara E. , Benelli Matteo , De Cecco Loris , Romagnoli Dario , Berrino Enrico , Orrù Claudia , Ribisi Salvatore , Moya-Rull Daniel , Migliore Cristina , Conticelli Daniela , Maina Irene M. , Puliga Elisabetta , Serra Violeta , Pellegrino Benedetta , Llop-Guevara Alba , Musolino Antonino , Siena Salvatore , Sartore-Bianchi Andrea , Prisciandaro Michele , Morano Federica , Antista Maria , Fumagalli Uberto , De Manzoni Giovanni , Degiuli Maurizio , Baiocchi Gian Luca , Amisano Marco F. , Ferrero Alessandro , Marchiò Caterina , Corso Simona , Giordano Silvia
Published: May 2023

RAD51 assay predicts PARPi response in Gastric Cancer PDX models.
Figure S7 from BRCA2 Germline Mutations Identify Gastric Cancers Responsive to PARP Inhibitors
Authors: Petrelli Annalisa , Rizzolio Sabrina , Pietrantonio Filippo , Bellomo Sara E. , Benelli Matteo , De Cecco Loris , Romagnoli Dario , Berrino Enrico , Orrù Claudia , Ribisi Salvatore , Moya-Rull Daniel , Migliore Cristina , Conticelli Daniela , Maina Irene M. , Puliga Elisabetta , Serra Violeta , Pellegrino Benedetta , Llop-Guevara Alba , Musolino Antonino , Siena Salvatore , Sartore-Bianchi Andrea , Prisciandaro Michele , Morano Federica , Antista Maria , Fumagalli Uberto , De Manzoni Giovanni , Degiuli Maurizio , Baiocchi Gian Luca , Amisano Marco F. , Ferrero Alessandro , Marchiò Caterina , Corso Simona , Giordano Silvia
Published: May 2023

MLH1 gene knock-out abrogates responsiveness to olaparib in CAPAN-1 cells.
Supplementary Materials and Methods from NAT10 Drives Cisplatin Chemoresistance by Enhancing ac4C-Associated DNA Repair in Bladder Cancer
Authors: Xie Ruihui , Cheng Liang , Huang Ming , Huang Lin , Chen Ziyue , Zhang Qiang , Li Hong , Lu Junlin , Wang Hongjin , Zhou Qianghua , Huang Jian , Chen Xu , Lin Tianxin
Published: May 2023

Supplementary Materials and Methods
Figure S4 from BRCA2 Germline Mutations Identify Gastric Cancers Responsive to PARP Inhibitors
Authors: Petrelli Annalisa , Rizzolio Sabrina , Pietrantonio Filippo , Bellomo Sara E. , Benelli Matteo , De Cecco Loris , Romagnoli Dario , Berrino Enrico , Orrù Claudia , Ribisi Salvatore , Moya-Rull Daniel , Migliore Cristina , Conticelli Daniela , Maina Irene M. , Puliga Elisabetta , Serra Violeta , Pellegrino Benedetta , Llop-Guevara Alba , Musolino Antonino , Siena Salvatore , Sartore-Bianchi Andrea , Prisciandaro Michele , Morano Federica , Antista Maria , Fumagalli Uberto , De Manzoni Giovanni , Degiuli Maurizio , Baiocchi Gian Luca , Amisano Marco F. , Ferrero Alessandro , Marchiò Caterina , Corso Simona , Giordano Silvia
Published: May 2023

A gastric cancer PDX model carrying two LOF mutations in the ATM gene is not responsive to olaparib.