bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Upaya Menumbuhkan Kemampuan Literasi Kritis oleh Berdikari Book
Authors: Farida Nurul , Putra Kadek Aryana Dwi
Published: June 2021

Pesatnya perkembangan teknologi informasi dapat mengakibatan arus informasi mengalir tanpa henti. Produksi informasi terjadi setiap hari melalui berbagai platform digital dimana setiap individu dapat memproduksi dan mendefinisikan informasi dalam beragam arti. Literasi kritis menjadi penting untuk memberikan pemahaman yang lebih baik akan nilai informasi. Beberapa upaya dilakukan oleh Berdikari Book berkenaan dengan menumbuhkan literasi kritis. Peneliti merasa tertarik untuk mengetahui lebih lanjut upaya Berdikari Book dalam menumbuhkan kemampuan literasi kritis. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Kasus pada penelitian ini merupakan kasus tunggal pada Berdikari Book. Metode purposive sampling digunakan untuk menentukan informan penelitian, yakni 2 orang yang bekerja di Berdikari Book untuk mengetahui usaha yang dilakukan oleh Berdikari Book dalam mengubah perspektif, salah satunya menawarkan perspektif lain dalam memahami suatu kondisi sosial dengan berbagai pilihan literatur yang relevan guna mengkritisi teks yang telah dengan sengaja dibuat tersebut. Teks yang tidak netral dan dipenuhi akan kepentingan individu atau kelompok dibongkar dengan mengkomparasikan literatur lain berupa buku yang relevan atau membuat forum diskusi. Dengan berbagai usaha yang dilakukan oleh Berdikari Book dalam upaya menumbuhkan literasi kritis, kini dapat diaplikasikan dan ditindaklanjuti dengan berbagai cara, seperti membuat tulisan maupun quotes guna menebarkan keadilan sosial berdasarkan pemahaman yang telah diperoleh sebelumnya. Sehingga dalam penelitin ini dapat membongkar teks yang menyebar diberbagai media sebagai teks yang telah dibuat dengan sengaja untuk kepentingan pribadi ataupun kelompok, sehingga para berdikari people dapat memahami suatu teks dengan cara lebih kritis dan menindaklanjutinya guna membagikan kebenaran berdasarkan apa yang telah mereka terima.
Pelestarian Naskah Kuno dalam Upaya Menjaga Warisan Budaya Bangsa di Perpustakaan Museum Dewantara Kirti Griya Tamansiswa Yogyakarta
Authors: Nugraha Herwin Cahya , Laugu Nurdin
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini berupaya mengungkap kegiatan pelestarian naskah kuno sebagai upaya menjaga warisan budaya bangsa di Perpustakaan Museum Dewantara Kirti Griya Tamansiswa. Kajian tersebut fokus pada kegiatan pelestarian bersifat preventif dan kuratifnya, sekaligus membahas kendala-kendala yang dihadapi serta solusi yang diberikan dalam kegiatan pelestarian naskah kuno tersebut. Jenis pendekatan yang digunakan adalah deskriptif-kualitatif yang berupaya mengungkapkan fenomena dalam bentuk naratif sebagaimana adanya yang ditemukan di lapangan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Untuk memperoleh data yang valid, tiga bentuk triangulasi digunakan, yaitu triangulasi sumber, teknik, dan waktu. Sementara, analisis data yang digunakan mengacu pada teori Miles dan Huberman dalam tiga tahapan, yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan verifikasi/kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa kegiatan pelestarian naskah kuno dilaksanakan melalui tahap kebijakan pelestarian untuk mengatur kegiatan pelestarian, seperti kuratif melalui cover box, pengaturan suhu, dan kelembaban. Selanjutnya, preventif dilakukan melalui digitalisasi, duplikasi naskah ke hard copy, dan pembersihan secara manual. Kegiatan pelestarian tersebut bermuatan penjagaan warisan budaya bangsa melalui perawatan fisik dan informasi naskah yang didiseminasikan ke publik. Terakhir, kendala yang dihadapi terkait sumber daya manusia dan pendanaan telah dikelola dengan langkah-langkah solutif perpustakaan. Hasil penelitian tersebut secara akademik menjadi masukan urgensif dalam pelestarian naskah kuno sekaligus berkaitan dengan kontinuitas warisan budaya bangsa.
A COMPARISON OF POLYTOMOUS MODEL WITH PROPORTIONAL ODDS AND NON-PROPORTIONAL ODDS MODEL ON BIRTH SIZE CASE IN INDONESIA
Authors: Kurniawati Yenni , Kurnia Anang , Sadik Kusman
Published: June 2021

The proportional odds model (POM) and the non-proportional odds model (NPOM) are very useful in ordinal modeling. However, the proportional odds assumption is often violated in practice. In this paper, the non-proportional odds model is chosen as an alternative model when the proportional odds assumption is not violated. This paper aims to compare Proportional Odds Model (POM) and Non-Proportional Odds Model (NPOM) in cases of birth size in Indonesia based on the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) data. The results showed that in the POM there was a violation of the proportional odds assumption, so the alternative NPOM model was used. NPOM had better use than POM. The goodness of fit shows that the deviance test failed to reject H0, and the value of Mac Fadden R2 is higher than POM. The risk factors that have a significant influence on all categories of birth size are the residence and gender of the child.
SPATIAL AUTOREGRESSIVE (SAR) MODEL WITH ENSEMBLE LEARNING-MULTIPLICATIVE NOISE WITH LOGNORMAL DISTRIBUTION (CASE ON POVERTY DATA IN EAST JAVA)
Authors: Saputro Dewi Retno Sari , Sulistyaningsih Sulistyaningsih , Widyaningsih Purnami
Published: June 2021

The regression model that can be used to model spatial data is Spatial Autoregressive (SAR) model. The level of accuracy of the estimated parameters of the SAR model can be improved, especially to provide better results and can reduce the error rate by resampling method. Resampling is done by adding noise (noise) to the data using Ensemble Learning (EL) with multiplicative noise. The research objective is to estimate the parameters of the SAR model using EL with multiplicative noise. In this research was also applied a spatial regression model of the ensemble non-hybrid multiplicative noise which has a lognormal distribution of cases on poverty data in East Java in 2016. The results showed that the estimated value of the non-hybrid spatial ensemble spatial regression model with multiplicative noise with a lognormal distribution was obtained from the average parameter estimation of 10 Spatial Error Model (SEM) resulting from resampling. The multiplicative noise used is generated from lognormal distributions with an average of one and a standard deviation of 0.433. The Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) value generated by the non-hybrid spatial ensemble regression model with multiplicative noise with a lognormal distribution is 22.99.
FORECASTING STOCK PRICES ON THE LQ45 INDEX USING THE VARIMAX METHOD
Authors: Atmaja Dinul Darma , Widowati Widowati , Warsito Budi
Published: June 2021

Forecasting using the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) method is not appropriate to predict more than one stock price because this method is only able to model one dependent variable. Therefore, to expect more than one stock prices, the ARIMA method expansion can be used, namely the Vector Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (VARIMA) method. Furthermore, this research will discuss forecasting stock prices on the LQ45 index using the Vector Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average with Exogenous Variable (VARIMAX) method. Then, after the initial model formation process, the best model is the VARIMAX (0,1,2) model. Finally, the results of this study using the VARIMAX (0,1,2) model obtained the predictive value of the prices and the error values of stocks on the LQ45 index.
Effect of land configuration ways on soil moisture and sesame seed yield in Ethiopia
Authors: Teame Goitom
Published: June 2021

Sesame is an erect herbaceous annual plant with both single-stemmed and branched growth habits. Sesame seed yield is easily affected by soil moisture stress in semi-arid climate. Good vertisol management options that conserve moisture during dry spell period and drain excess moisture during wet periods is vital. Study area has limited rainfall therefore evidences on effect of land configuration ways on soil moisture and sesame yield is critical. A field investigation was conducted at Humera Agricultural Research Center (HuARC) during 2016 growing season in vertisol soil type. The experiment was laid out by randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replication that consists of three land configuration ways or methods namely flat, ridge and furrow, and bed furrow. Sesame variety, Setit-1, was sown with 40 cm and 10 cm spacing between rows and plants respectively. The analysis revealed that land configuration methods had a significant effect on soil moisture and agronomic parameter. The highest sesame seed yield (558 kg ha-1) was recorded at ridge and furrow, while the lowest (400 kg ha-1) was found at the flat land configuration method. The ridge and furrow methods conserved best soil moisture for highest plant and seed yield performance.
THE IMPACT OF EXCHANGE RATES ON STOCK PRICES FOR TURKEY: AN ASYMMETRIC NON-LINEAR COINTEGRATION ANALYSIS
Authors: ÜRKMEZ Emre , BÖLÜKBAŞI Ömer Faruk
Published: June 2021

This study investigates the impact of exchange rates on stock indices for Turkey and examines whether these
impacts are asymmetric. For this purpose, the non-linear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model
is used as an asymmetric cointegration method. In the study covering the period 2005-2020, BIST-100,
BIST-100 All Shares and four stock sector indices are included in the models as stock indices representing.
Thus, the response of the stock indices of the firms in different sectors to the movements in exchange rates
is analyzed. The findings indicate that the impacts of exchange rate movements on the BIST-100 All Shares
index and the service, industry, and technology sector indices in the short-term are asymmetrical, and the
impacts on the technology sector index in the long-term are asymmetrical.
REZERV OPSİYON MEKANİZMASININ FİNANSAL İSTİKRARA ETKİSİ ÜZERİNE EKONOMETRİK BİR UYGULAMA
Authors: ONUR KOÇAŞLI İbrahim , EROĞLU Nadir
Published: June 2021

Çalışmada, TCMB’nin 2011 yılı sonunda uygulamaya koyduğu Rezerv Opsiyon Mekanizmasının finansal
istikrara etkisini analiz etmek amaçlanmıştır. Analizde, 2011:Q4-2018:Q4 dönemini kapsayan verilerden
oluşan bir veri seti ile Aracı Değişken Regresyon Analizi kullanılarak, rezerv opsiyon mekanizması ile
finansal sağlamlık, finansal gelişmişlik ve finansal kırılganlık göstergelerinden oluşturulan finansal istikrar
endeksi arasındaki, ayrıca göstergelerin her birinin arasındaki ilişkiler araştırılmıştır. Genişletilmiş Dickey-
Fuller ve Phillips Perron birim kök testleri yardımı ile serilerin bireysel zaman serisi özellikleri, regresyon
analizi ile de serilerin birbirlerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Uygulama sonuçlarına göre, ele alınan dönemde,
rezerv opsiyon mekanizmasının finansal istikrarı temsilen oluşturulan finansal istikrar endeksini olumlu
etkilediği tespit edilmiştir.
HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES IN TURKEY: A COMPARATIVE QUANTILE REGRESSION ANALYSIS
Authors: ACET DÖNMEZ Gizem , GÜNEŞ Hurşit
Published: June 2021

Consumption is one of the key concepts in economics due to its animate connections with GDP,
savings, and utility. The current study aims to analyse the relationship between household consumption
expenditures and some household characteristics in Turkey through Household Budget Surveys of TurkStat
for the years 2002 and 2018. With the implementation of quantile regression estimations, it is shown that
disposable income emerges as a very important determinant of consumption expenditures as suggested by
the conventional theories of consumption. Most of the households, who intensify their savings, especially
to purchase real estate, reduce their consumption levels. It is also observed that the household-heads who
are single or enjoy a higher level of education spend more. Although the age of the household head is
positively associated with the level of consumption in 2002, this relationship seems to be reversed in 2018.
Regarding economic growth trends in the Turkish economy, such an observation might support the lifecycle
theory. The households who use credit cards and online shopping are associated with a higher level of
consumption expenditure compared to those who do not use these opportunities.
Self-improving properties of discrete Muckenhoupt weights
Authors: Saker Samir H. , O’Regan Donal , Agarwal Ravi P.
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we will provide a complete study of the self-improving
properties of the discrete Muckenhoupt class

𝒜
p

⁢

(
𝒞
)

{\mathcal{A}^{p}(\mathcal{C})}

of weights defined on

ℤ
+

{\mathbb{Z}_{+}}

. In addition, we will determine the
range of the new constants which are related to the original constants via
an algebraic equation. For illustration, we will give an example to prove
that the results are sharp. The results will be obtained by employing a
discrete version of an inequality due to Hardy–Littlewood and a new discrete
Hardy-type inequality with negative powers.
PID-Regelkreise mit zwei Freiheitsgraden
Authors: Lunze Jan
Published: June 2021

Der Beitrag zeigt für Regelkreise mit PID-Reglern, dass bei Verwendung einer Vorsteuerung ein Überschwingen in der Führungsübergangsfunktion nicht zu vermeiden ist. Es wird ein Verfahren angegeben, wie man den Verstärkungsfaktor der Aufschaltung so bestimmen kann, dass die quadratische Regelfläche minimiert wird. Für einfache Regelstrecken führt die explizite Lösung des betreffenden Optimierungsproblems auf ein intuitiv interessantes Ergebnis.
Suboptimale Modellprädiktive Regelung mit einem Freiheitsgrad für unterlagerte Regelkreise
Authors: Makarow Artemi , Rösmann Christoph , Bertram Torsten
Published: June 2021

In diesem Beitrag wird eine suboptimale modellprädiktive Regelung mit stabilisierenden Endbedingungen und einem ableitungsfreien Optimierungsalgorithmus für eine bestimmte Klasse nichtlinearer Systeme vorgestellt. Repräsentativ für diese Systemklasse stehen insbesondere elektromagnetische Aktuatoren. Durch die Kombination eines Freiheitsgrades auf dem ersten variablen Abschnitt des Prädiktionshorizonts mit endlichen Stellmengen können die rekursive Durchführbarkeit der Regelung und die asymptotische Stabilität der Gleichgewichtslage auf Basis der Erkenntnisse aus der klassischen suboptimalen modellprädiktiven Regelung nachgewiesen werden. Die vorgestellte Optimierungsstrategie ist mit überschaubarem Aufwand implementierbar, bedarf keiner externen Programmbibliotheken und adressiert somit industrielle Anwendungen. Die theoretischen Herleitungen werden durch numerische Auswertungen sowie dem Vergleich zur klassischen modellprädiktiven Regelung gestützt.
Power of the people or the expert? The influence of vox pop and expert statements on news-item evaluation, perceived public opinion, and personal opinion
Authors: Beckers Kathleen
Published: June 2021

Vox pops, interviews with ordinary people on the street, are one of the most common ways to represent public opinion in television news. Research found that they influence audience judgments more than static base-rate information such as poll results. However, little research has compared vox pops with vivified base-rate information. Most research studying vox pops assumed they are included in the news because of their apparent attractiveness and trustworthiness to audiences. Using a television news experiment comparing statistical base-rate information vivified by an expert with vox pop statements, this study shows that news items containing vox pop statements are perceived as being less attractive and trustworthy than items containing the expert statement. No difference is found between the two types of public opinion information in their influence on perceived public opinion, but vox pops do influence audiences’ personal opinion more strongly.
Automorphic ℒ‐invariants for reductive groups
Authors: Gehrmann Lennart
Published: June 2021

Let G be a reductive group over a number field F, which is split at a finite place

𝔭

{\mathfrak{p}}

of F, and let π be a cuspidal automorphic representation of G, which is cohomological with respect to the trivial coefficient system and Steinberg at

𝔭

{\mathfrak{p}}

.
We use the cohomology of

𝔭

{\mathfrak{p}}

-arithmetic subgroups of G to attach automorphic

ℒ

{\mathcal{L}}

-invariants to π.
This generalizes a construction of Darmon (respectively Spieß), who considered the case

G
=

GL
2

{G={\mathrm{GL}}_{2}}

over the rationals (respectively over a totally real number field).
These

ℒ

{\mathcal{L}}

-invariants depend a priori on a choice of degree of cohomology, in which the representation π occurs.
We show that they are independent of this choice provided that the π-isotypic part of cohomology is cyclic over Venkatesh’s derived Hecke algebra.
Further, we show that automorphic

ℒ

{\mathcal{L}}

-invariants can be detected by completed cohomology.
Combined with a local-global compatibility result of Ding it follows that for certain representations of definite unitary groups the automorphic

ℒ

{\mathcal{L}}

-invariants are equal to the Fontaine–Mazur

ℒ

{\mathcal{L}}

-invariants of the associated Galois representation.
Cancellation in algebraic twisted sums on GL_
m
Authors: Jiang Yujiao , Lü Guangshi
Published: June 2021

Let π be an automorphic irreducible cuspidal representation of

GL
m

{\operatorname{GL}_{m}}

over

ℚ

{\mathbb{Q}}

with unitary central character, and let

λ
π

⁢

(
n
)

{\lambda_{\pi}(n)}

be its n-th Dirichlet series coefficient.
We study short sums of isotypic trace functions associated to some sheaves modulo primes q of bounded
conductor, twisted by multiplicative functions

λ
π

⁢

(
n
)

{\lambda_{\pi}(n)}

and

μ
⁢

(
n
)

⁢

λ
π

⁢

(
n
)

{\mu(n)\lambda_{\pi}(n)}

. We are able to establish non-trivial bounds for these
algebraic twisted sums with intervals of length of at
least

q

1
/
2

+
ε

{q^{1/2+\varepsilon}}

for an arbitrary fixed

ε
>
0

{\varepsilon>0}

.
Third Hankel determinants for two classes of analytic functions with real coefficients
Authors: Sim Young Jae , Zaprawa Paweł
Published: June 2021

In recent years, the problem of estimating Hankel determinants has attracted the attention of many mathematicians. Their research have been focused mainly on deriving the bounds of

H

2
,
2

{H_{2,2}}

or

H

3
,
1

{H_{3,1}}

over different subclasses of

𝒮

{\mathcal{S}}

. Only in a few papers third Hankel determinants for non-univalent functions were considered. In this paper, we consider two classes of analytic functions with real coefficients. The first one is the class

𝒯

{\mathcal{T}}

of typically real functions. The second object of our interest is

𝒦
ℝ

⁢

(
i
)

{\mathcal{K}_{\mathbb{R}}(i)}

, the class of functions with real coefficients which are convex in the direction of the imaginary axis. In both classes, we find lower and upper bounds of the third Hankel determinant. The results are sharp.
Duality pairs induced by Auslander and Bass classes
Authors: Huang Zhaoyong
Published: June 2021

Let R and S be arbitrary rings and let

C
S

R

{{}_{R}C_{S}}

be a semidualizing bimodule, and let

𝒜
C

⁢

(

R
op

)

{\mathcal{A}_{C}(R^{\mathrm{op}})}

and

ℬ
C

⁢

(
R
)

{\mathcal{B}_{C}(R)}

be the Auslander and Bass classes, respectively. Then both pairs

(

𝒜
C

⁢

(

R
op

)

,

ℬ
C

⁢

(
R
)

)

 
and
 

(

ℬ
C

⁢

(
R
)

,

𝒜
C

⁢

(

R
op

)

)

(\mathcal{A}_{C}(R^{\mathrm{op}}),\mathcal{B}_{C}(R))\quad\text{and}\quad(%
\mathcal{B}_{C}(R),\mathcal{A}_{C}(R^{\mathrm{op}}))

are coproduct-closed and product-closed duality pairs and both

𝒜
C

⁢

(

R
op

)

{\mathcal{A}_{C}(R^{\mathrm{op}})}

and

ℬ
C

⁢

(
R
)

{\mathcal{B}_{C}(R)}

are covering and preenveloping;
in particular, the former duality pair is perfect. Moreover,
if

ℬ
C

⁢

(
R
)

{\mathcal{B}_{C}(R)}

is enveloping in

Mod
⁡
R

{\operatorname{Mod}R}

, then

𝒜
C

⁢

(
S
)

{\mathcal{A}_{C}(S)}

is enveloping in

Mod
⁡
S

{\operatorname{Mod}S}

.
Also, some applications to the Auslander projective dimension of modules are given.
The role of ADAM17 during liver damage
Authors: Al-Salihi Mazin , Bornikoel Anna , Zhuang Yuan , Stachura Pawel , Scheller Jürgen , Lang Karl S. , Lang Philipp A.
Published: June 2021

A disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM) 17 is a membrane bound protease, involved in the cleavage and thus regulation of various membrane proteins, which are critical during liver injury. Among ADAM17 substrates are tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 and 2 (TNFR1, TNFR2), the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligands amphiregulin (AR) and heparin-binding-EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF), the interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) and the receptor for a hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), c-Met. TNFα and its binding receptors can promote liver injury by inducing apoptosis and necroptosis in liver cells. Consistently, hepatocyte specific deletion of ADAM17 resulted in increased liver cell damage following CD95 stimulation. IL-6 trans-signaling is critical for liver regeneration and can alleviate liver damage. EGFR ligands can prevent liver damage and deletion of amphiregulin and HB-EGF can result in increased hepatocyte death and reduced proliferation. All of which indicates that ADAM17 has a central role in liver injury and recovery from it. Furthermore, inactive rhomboid proteins (iRhom) are involved in the trafficking and maturation of ADAM17 and have been linked to liver damage. Taken together, ADAM17 can contribute in a complex way to liver damage and injury.
The paracaspase MALT1 in psoriasis
Authors: Hailfinger Stephan , Schulze-Osthoff Klaus
Published: June 2021

Psoriasis is a frequent autoimmune-related skin disease, which involves various cell types such as T cells, keratinocytes and dendritic cells. Genetic variations, such as mutations of CARD14, can promote the development of the disease. CARD14 mutations as well as the stimulation of immune and cytokine receptors activate the paracaspase MALT1, a potent activator of the transcription factors NF-κB and AP-1. The disease-promoting role of MALT1 for psoriasis is mediated by both its protease activity as well as its molecular scaffold function. Here, we review the importance of MALT1-mediated signaling and its therapeutic implications in psoriasis.
Presenting status of children with classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia over two decades (1999–2018) in the absence of newborn screening in Sri Lanka
Authors: Seneviratne Sumudu N. , Sandakelum Udara , Jayawardena Chaminda H. , Weerasinghe Ashangi M. , Wickramarachchi Piyumi S. , de Silva Shamya
Published: June 2021

Objectives

Although new-born screening (NBS) for classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia (C-CAH) has been available for decades, it is not widely implemented. We assessed the usefulness of introducing NBS for C-CAH, by analyzing presenting status of infants with C-CAH, over the past two decades, in Sri Lanka.

Methods

This retrospective clinic-based study, from the largest tertiary children’s hospital in Sri Lanka, analyzed initial presenting features of children with C-CAH from 1999 to 2018, in the absence of NBS for CAH, and included gender-based comparisons.

Results

Features suggestive of impending adrenal-crisis were seen at initial presentation in >80 % (dehydration 70%, hyponatremia 65%, hyperkalemia 47%, vomiting 45%, hypoglycemia 22%, collapse 20%). Hyperpigmentation was seen in 78%, and consanguinity in 27%. There were fewer affected males (n = 12) compared to females (n = 28). Most girls (96%) had virilized genitalia, and 16 faced uncertainty about gender at birth. Median age at diagnosis was 20 days. More than 70% of children had SW-CAH (males = 9 and females = 20). There were fewer males with SW-CAH, and all had features of impending adrenal crisis, including severe hyponatremia in 50%, while 62% of girls also developed hyponatremia and 33% had hyperkalemia, prior to treatment. Treatment of SW-CAH was initiated at a median age of 30 days in boys, and 10 days of age in girls.

Conclusion

Many boys and girls with C-CAH from Sri Lanka presented late with impending adrenal crisis. Males were diagnosed later, and some possibly succumbed to C-CAH undiagnosed. These findings support including CAH in NBS programs to avert preventable childhood morbidity and mortality.
Laparoscopic versus open major liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma: A case-matched analysis of short- and long-term outcomes
Authors: He Aoxiao , Huang Zhihao , Wang Jiakun , Feng Qian , Zhang Rongguiyi , Lu Hongcheng , Peng Long , Wu Linquan
Published: June 2021

Background

The feasibility and safety of laparoscopic major hepatectomy (LMH) are still uncertain. The purpose of the present study is to compare the short- and long-term outcomes of LMH with those of open major hepatectomy (OMH) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Method

Between January 2012 and December 2018, a total of 26 patients received laparoscopic major hepatectomy in our center. To minimize any confounding factors, a 1:3 case-matched analysis was conducted based on the demographics and extent of liver resection. Data of demographics, perioperative outcomes, and long-term oncologic outcomes were reviewed.

Results

Intraoperative blood loss (P = 0.007) was significantly lower in the LMH group. In addition, the LMH group exhibited a lower overall complication rate (P = 0.039) and shorter postoperative hospital stay (P = 0.024). However, no statistically significant difference was found between LMH and OMH regarding operation time (P = 0.215) and operative cost (P = 0.860). Two laparoscopic cases were converted to open liver resection. In regard to long-term outcomes, there was no significant difference between LMH and OMH regarding disease-free survival (DFS) (P = 0.079) and overall survival (OS) (P = 0.172).

Conclusion

LMH can be an effective and safe alternative to OMH for selected patients with liver cancer in short- and long-term outcomes.
Disazo (Bishydrazone) condensation pigments
Authors: Christie Robert , Abel Adrian
Published: June 2021

Disazo condensation pigments were developed in the mid-twentieth century as a range of high-performance azo pigments to meet the stringent demands placed on the technical properties required for applications in growing markets such as automotive paints, plastics, and fibers. The commercial products vary in shade from yellow through red to brown. Structurally, the pigments are related to the classical yellow azoacetoacetanilides or red azonaphthols by synthetically connecting two monoazo derivatives by a condensation reaction involving an aromatic diamine. The resulting pigment molecules are of extremely large molecular size with the presence of several amide groups, factors that determine their excellent set of fastness properties. The procedures used in their manufacture involve complex and demanding multistage processes, and this explains the higher cost of these pigments. The application performance attributes provided by the individual commercial products are discussed in detail in the final section.
Organic pigments: general principles
Authors: Christie Robert , Abel Adrian
Published: June 2021

This introductory chapter presents an overview of the general principles underlying the structural chemistry, manufacturing processes, and application technology of organic pigments. The coverage provides a fundamental theoretical and practical basis for the chapters that follow in this series that are devoted to specific chemical classes of industrially significant organic pigments of the azo, phthalocyanine, carbonyl, dioxazine, and metal complex classes. The initial sections cover the fundamental differences which mean that dyes and pigments are considered universally as two separate types of colorant, based on their solubility characteristics. They also provide discussions of the contrasting chemical, technological, and performance features of organic and inorganic pigments. An outline of the most important historical features in the development of the synthetic organic pigment industry is then presented, from its origins in the 19th century that followed soon after the development of the industrial synthetic dye industry, through its expansion in the 20th century, to its current position as a mature global industry. A section then follows that describes the functions that organic pigments are required to perform in their application, mainly their optical functions that include not only color properties, including hue, strength, brightness, but also the contrasting requirements for transparency or opacity as demanded by specific applications. The pigments are also required to resist the conditions and agencies that they might encounter in applications, assessed as fastness properties, such as fastness to light, heat, solvents and chemicals, amongst many others, to an extent that specific applications demand. The principles, in broad terms, of the ways in which chemical structures determine colour and performance of organic pigments are discussed, with focus not only on the influence of molecular structure, but also on the effect of the crystal structural arrangement and the particulate structure, including particle size and shape and its distribution, on application performance. This is important as these pigments are applied as a dispersion of finely divided crystalline solid particles that are insoluble and are ultimately trapped mechanically in their application medium, often a polymer. The manufacture of organic pigments is discussed in broad terms. The overall process may be considered in stages, initiated by the chemical synthetic sequence in which the pigment is formed, followed by a conditioning stage where the crude product thus obtained is modified to optimise its performance properties, and finally finishing where the product is processed into a form, or preparation, that is suitable for its intended applications. Finally, the technological principles underlying a broad range of the most important application areas for organic pigments, which are mainly in paints, inks, and plastics, are discussed.
Marktdesign für eine resiliente Impfstoff-produktion
Authors: Ockenfels Axel
Published: June 2021

Manche Märkte erlauben es auf sich alleine gestellt nicht, robuste Krisenvorsorge zu treffen. Der Markt für Impfstoffe gehört dazu. Der Preismechanismus versagt besonders in der Krise, wenn beide Marktseiten große Marktmacht besitzen. Daher muss interveniert werden, um die Impfstoffproduktion zuverlässiger zu machen. Axel Ockenfels entwickelt ein hybrides Marktdesign, das auf Kapazitätspreise und Leistungspreise setzt, um den systemischen Herausforderungen einer globalen Krisensituation mit ihren politischen, ökonomischen und sozialen Verwerfungen zu begegnen. Das hybride Modell erlaubt einen gleitenden Übergang von normalen Zeiten in den Krisenmodus – und wieder zurück.
The Placebo Drama of the Asclepius Cult
Authors: Panagiotidou Olympia
Published: June 2021

Asclepius was one of the most popular healing deities in Graeco-Roman antiquity. Patients suffering from various diseases resorted to his sanctuaries, the so-called asclepieia, looking for cure. Many inscriptions preserve stories of supplicants who slept in theabatonof the temples and claimed that they had been healed or received remedies from the god. The historical study may take into consideration modern (neuro)cognitive research on the placebo effects in order to examine the possibilities of actual healing experiences at the asclepeiea. In this paper, I take into account the theoretical premises of theplacebo dramatheory suggested by Ted Kaptchuk in order to explore the specific factors, including the personality of Asclepius, his patients’ mindsets, the relationship between them, the nature of the supplicants’ impairments, the employed or prescribed treatments and the ritual settings of the cult, which could have mediated health recovery, and contributed to the phenomenal success of the Asclepian therapies via the activation of patients’ placebo responses.
The Party is over! Der Umgang mit der Nachtökonomie im Touristenort Newquay
Authors: Dannenberg Peter , Kretschmer Holger , Ludwig Moritz , Scheulen Lauritz , Nielsen Max
Published: June 2021

Kurzfassung

Während die Nachtökonomie in Städten und Urlaubsorten wichtige Einnahmen und Beschäftigung generiert, stellen ihre negativen Begleiterscheinungen häufig erhebliche Probleme dar. Viele Städte versuchen daher, ihre Nachtökonomien zu regulieren oder durch öffentliche Kampagnen zu beeinflussen. Die Auswirkungen solcher Kampagnen und Regulierungen sind allerdings wenig untersucht und umstritten. Aufbauend auf Arbeiten zu touristischen Nachtökonomien untersucht und diskutiert dieser Beitrag am Beispiel des britischen Urlaubsorts Newquay die Wirkung unterschiedlicher Maßnahmen.
It. palandaria ‘nave da caricoʼ
Authors: Schweickard Wolfgang
Published: June 2021

It. palandaria ‘cargo shipʼ is formed on the basis of Gr. πλάτη ‘id.ʼ, according to the common pattern of ship names in -aria (griparia, sagittaria).
The concept of smart city and the perceptions of urban inhabitants: a case study from Žilina, Slovakia
Authors: Čorejová Tatiana , Haľamová Erika , Madleňák Radovan , Neszmélyi György Iván
Published: June 2021

The smart city concept is a comprehensive approach to the functioning of the urban region. It concerns various areas of life such as culture, infrastructure, environment, energy, and social services. Public perceptions of the smart city concept are not commonly addressed. The aim of this paper is to examine perceptions of the smart city concept among inhabitants, doing so through a case study focusing on the city of Žilina in Slovakia. The methodology that the researchers applied includes primary research and surveys as well as secondary research. Based on the analysis of the environment and the results of the survey, opportunities for the development of a ‘Smart City Žilina’ concept are identified. There is a growing interest in green solutions among the inhabitants of Žilina. A significant number of respondents indicated their support for intelligent waste collection and renewable energy sources. And they were also supportive of green roofs. The update of the strategy must consider a number of steps in waste management, from collection to transport, with a view to the overall recovery of the waste generated. As part of the smart city concept and projects, the public administration and the municipality must communicate effectively with the public. This will require specific approaches and tactical decisions for optimal success.
Effects of Severe Sleep Disruption on the Synaptic Ultrastructure of Young Mice
Authors: Nagai Hirotaka , de Vivo Luisa , Marshall William , Tononi Giulio , Cirelli Chiara
Published: June 2021

There is molecular, electrophysiological, and ultrastructural evidence that a net increase in synaptic strength occurs in many brain circuits during spontaneous wake (SW) or short sleep deprivation, reflecting ongoing learning. Sleep leads instead to a broad but selective weakening of many forebrain synapses, thus preventing synaptic saturation and decreasing the energy cost of synaptic activity. Whether synaptic potentiation can persist or further increase after long sleep deprivation is unknown. Whether synaptic renormalization can occur during chronic sleep restriction (CSR) is also unknown. Here, we addressed these questions by measuring an established ultrastructural measure of synaptic strength, the axon-spine interface (ASI), in the primary motor cortex (M1) of (1) one-month-old adolescent mice CSR using a paradigm that decreases NREM and REM sleep by two/thirds; (2) in two-week-old mouse pups sleep deprived for 15 h, or allowed afterward to recover for 16 h. Both groups were compared with mice of the same age that were asleep or awake for a few hours (both sexes). The ASI size of CSR mice (n = 3) was comparable to that measured after SW or short sleep deprivation and larger than after sleep (n = 4/group). In pups, the ASI size increased after short sleep loss (n = 3) relative to sleep (n = 4), fell below sleep levels after long sleep deprivation (n = 4), and remained low after recovery (n = 3). Long sleep deprived pups also lost some weight. These results suggest that (1) severe sleep restriction is incompatible with synaptic renormalization; (2) very young mice cannot maintain high synaptic strength during prolonged wake.
Integrating mechanical treatment and biological control to improve field treatment efficiency on invasions
Authors: Fu Zhiyuan , Lu Yuanming , DeAngelis Donald , Zhang Jinchi , Zhang Bo
Published: June 2021

Projecting invasion treatment outcomes and determining controlling efficiency under various management strategies have important implications in field management. Different from herbicide usage that may cause environmental pollution and nontarget effects on native plants, nonchemical (i.e., mechanical) methods, such as mowing and hand weeding, have shown great targeted effectiveness on invasion. However, an interesting and important question that remains unclear is how to reduce the need for repeated applications of mechanical treatments. One possible approach is to integrate mechanical treatments with biological control agents, which can attack and limit invasion spread after being established in the field. We hypothesize that applying mechanical methods to remove invasive plants while establishing biological control agents, then using the established biological control agents to limit future regrowth of invasive plants, will decrease the use of mechanical treatments. To include vegetation dispersal, we developed a spatial modeling framework, using paired logistic equation models of both a resident native plant and an invasive plant, and a biological control agent, to capture the dynamics of native and invasive plants under different treatment scenarios. Specifically, we examined four factors, the initial application location of biological agents, their controlling efficiency, the treatment frequency (how often nonchemical treatment will be applied), and the areal extent of mechanical treatment. We found that explicitly targeted biological control agents showed significantly stronger controlling impacts on invasive plants than did nontargeted agents, whereas a higher treatment frequency could compensate for the drawback of untargeted treatment. Our results also suggested that adding mechanical treatment can further limit invasion spread with the cooperation of established biological control agents, and applying mechanical treatment in a lower frequency, but treating larger areas per time, is a more efficient approach than vice versa. We emphasize that a high biological control efficiency can continuously decrease the requirement of repeated treatment of nonchemical methods and maintain the invasive population at a low level. The model we developed here can be potentially extended and used by field managers on prioritizing controlling efforts to achieve a higher efficiency.
Automating Trust with the Blockchain? A Critical Investigation of “Blockchain 2.0” Cultures
Authors: Semenzin Silvia , Gandini Alessandro
Published: June 2021

This article discusses the cultural conceptions of trust underpinning the experimentation of blockchain startup applications beyond the financial sector. Based on qualitative research undertaken in the context of the so-called “Blockchain 2.0” scene, we show how a peculiar conception of trust, which blends the libertarian views of blockchain inventors with the neoliberal culture of competition and meritocracy that is typical of the startup world, underpins these implementations. As a result, we argue that “Blockchain 2.0” entrepreneurs ultimately fail to recognize the eminently social nature of the trust-building process. They emerge from our observation as unable to comprehend the extent to which the implementation of blockchain in a societal (i.e., not purely financial) context cannot do away with considerations about what kind of “social” the technology intervenes within, and find difficult to effectively conceive of how this technology embeds in existing social relations and power structures.
The impact of digital learning technologies on functional and psychophysiological re-sponses of the organism: An analytical literature review
Authors:   South Ural State University, Shibkova Daria Zakharovna , Baiguzhin Pavel Azifovich ,   South Ural State University, Gerasev Alexey Dmitrievich ,   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Aizman Roman Idelevich ,   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University
Published: June 2021

Introduction. The ambiguous attitude of professionals in the field of education, students and their parents to modernization based on ICT, differences of regional educational systems in their provision with digital tools have heightened the need for research on the relevant problem associated with the implementation of the federal project called “Digital School”. The purpose of this study is to analyze the vectors of the impact of digital learning technologies on functional and psychophysiological state of students' organisms. Materials and Methods. The authors have conducted a theoretical analysis of normative and legislative documents, the latest scholarly publications on the stated problem, mainly for the recent three years, using the methods of analogy, comparison, generalization and concretization. Results. The article summarizes the contradictory results of empirical studies confirming both positive and negative effects of digital educational gadgets that differ in technology and context on psychophysiological and somatic parameters of health and learning performance. The authors emphasize the idea that the positive vector of the “digital” school can dominate over the negative one only in those educational settings where the teaching staff creates a learning environment aimed at maintaining hygienic safety of children's life. A prerequisite for this is professional development of teachers who are ready to work in a digital environment. Conclusions. “School” gadgets are innovative tools, the adequate use of which contributes to improving the quality of education, without a negative impact on the psychological comfort and psychosomatic health of students.
Prosocialidad en Preescolares: Estudio de Teorías Subjetivas de Profesoras de Educación Inicial
Authors: Cicardini Ginella , Martínez Macarena , Ramírez Karen , Cuadra-Martínez David , Castro-Carrasco Pablo J. , Slomp Nidia
Published: June 2021

En edades tempranas no todos los infantes manifiestan apropiadamente una conducta prosocial, porque es necesario que interactúen con modelos y experiencias educativas sistemáticas ligadas a recibir ayuda de otros, sobre todo en el contexto de la educación inicial. Con el objetivo de describir e interpretar las teorías subjetivas acerca del desarrollo, enseñanza y aprendizaje del comportamiento prosocial que presentan educadoras de párvulo, se realizó un estudio descriptivo interpretativo, en base a un diseño de estudio de caso y metodología cualitativa. Mediante un muestreo intencional por conveniencia, se aplicaron entrevistas episódicas y grupos de discusión a 16 profesoras de educación inicial de una región del norte de Chile. Los datos se analizaron usando codificación temática y teoría fundamentada. Se encontraron teorías subjetivas esencialistas de la naturaleza humana, la infancia y la prosocialidad que sustentan las explicaciones que las educadoras poseen acerca de cómo se desarrolla, enseña y aprende la prosocialidad en los infantes, además de prácticas pedagógicas poco sistemáticas que se regulan en función de estas teorías subjetivas. En la discusión se analizan estos resultados a partir de la literatura existente en prosocialidad, proponiendo nuevos focos de investigación en el tema y algunas sugerencias que podrían impulsar la educación en prosocialidad.
Estudios Perdidos, Aprendizajes Encontrados. Análisis de Aprendizajes desde el Abandono Educativo Temprano
Authors: Morentin-Encina Javier
Published: June 2021

El sentido de la educación en los diferentes marcos legislativos se define como la construcción de una identidad y a la formación de una ciudadanía democrática que fomente la justicia social y no tanto a contenidos académicos concretos. Sin embargo, a través de estos contenidos, el espacio educativo formal genera procesos de desenganche obligando a parte del alumnado a buscar diferentes aprendizajes no encontrados en la escuela. Partiendo de las propias voces de sus protagonistas, se plantea conocer aquellos aprendizajes no reconocidos en el sistema escolar para poder incluirlos y prevenir, de esta forma, el abandono educativo. La investigación fundamenta su metodología en un enfoque interpretativo-biográfico. Se realizan 20 relatos de vida a personas de entre 18 y 35 años con trayectorias educativas discontinuas. Los resultados muestran que los aprendizajes obtenidos al cambiar de trayectoria están relacionados, por un lado, con la construcción de una identidad a través de las propias decisiones y, por el otro, con la creación de nuevas relaciones y la apertura a nuevas formas de convivencia. Todo ello pone de manifiesto la necesidad de reconocer la relevancia de estos aprendizajes en nuestra escuela y, desde este enfoque, garantizar a los estudiantes el éxito escolar.
Hydroxypropyl cellulose loaded with ZnO nanoparticles for enhancing the mechanical properties of papyrus (Cyperus papyrus L.) strips
Authors: Hassan Rushdya Rabee Ali , Mahmoud Salwa Moustafa Amer , Nessem Marina Atef , Abdel Aty Reham Tarek , Ramzy Mariam George , Dessoky Eldessoky S. , Abdelkhalek Ahmed , Salem Mohamed Z. M.
Published: June 2021

Unfortunately, papyrus has not been sufficiently studied regarding improvement of the mechanical or optical properties, which degrade under the impact of aging factors over time. The aims of this research were studying the effects of hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) loaded with 0.25% of ZnO nanoparticles (NP) at different concentrations (1% and 2%) on papyrus sheet properties before and after aging. Various analyses were used, such as visual assessment by a universal serial bus (USB) digital microscope, mechanical properties, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, color change, and pH measurement. A dramatic increase in mechanical properties was observed after treatment. Besides, FTIR illustrated increasing of CH2 and OH stretching, which contribute to increasing the cellulose crystallinity index. There was no significant change in pH values after treatment or ageing. Slight changes of optical characteristics were observed for treated samples, after the artificial aging of the treated samples, the mechanical measurements showed that the values of tensile strength and elongation were close to the values of the standard sample, which may contribute to preventive protection of ZnO NP for treated samples from the artificial ageing.
Pyrolysis behaviors, kinetics, and byproducts of enzymatic hydrolysis residues for lignocellulosic biorefining
Authors: Zhao Rongwen , Liu Zhongyang , Liu Tongjun , Tan Liping
Published: June 2021

Enzymatic hydrolysis residues (EHR) are the solid wastes from enzymatic hydrolysis and/or fermentation of the cellulosic bioethanol industry. These byproducts have not been effectively used. Thermogravimetric analysis with infrared spectroscopy (TG-IR) and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) were used to quantify the pyrolytic bioenergy potential of EHR with alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) and bisulfite (BSF) pretreatment through assessing their pyrolysis behaviors, kinetics, and byproducts. The TG-IR analysis showed that the EHR pyrolysis temperature range was 180 °C to 620 °C and consisted of three consecutive stages: dehydration, rapid pyrolysis, and carbonization. The main volatile products evolved from the EHR pyrolysis were CO, CO2, H2O, and CH4. Fast pyrolysis results from Py-GC/MS indicated that the main pyrolytic byproducts of EHR were phenols (30.68%), furans (14.27%), and acids (8.52%) for AHP-EHR; and phenols (26.75%), furans (15.54%), and acids (10.33%) for BSF-EHR. The results provide insights for expanding the potential of bioenergy and increasing the value-added byproducts based on the biomass part of EHR.