bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How Size and Setting Impact Education in Rural Schools
Authors: Bouck Emily C.
Published: July 2019

School variables, such as school size and school location, matter. School size and location impact many areas of education, including the characteristics of the school, curriculum, and post-school outcomes. Research reveals that students in rural schools face many personal and education hardships – from living in poverty to having less opportunity and sophistication in technology. Rural schools also have fewer course offerings. While rural schools are a unique, urban and rural schools may be more similar than expected, particularly as compared to more affluent suburban districts. Rural and urban schools have larger rates of poverty and more dire financial situations, which do impact the educational offerings, experiences, and outcomes of their students.
Rural Schools Under Scrutiny
Authors: Jordan Teresa S. , Jordan K. Forbis
Published: July 2019

Historically, rural schools have been geographically and politically isolated to the extent that some might say that they have been the victims of, or beneficiaries from, an unstated government policy of benign neglect. Recently, conditions and relationships have changed with the enactment of state and federal accountability legislation and legal challenges to the constitutionality of state funding systems for schools. Federal concerns about the quality of teachers and the progress of students are accompanied by state standards, proficiency tests for high school graduation, and school report cards. Most of these requirements are unfunded or under-funded mandates. However, rural schools likely will benefit from the recent shift in school finance litigation from a single emphasis on equity to a dual interest in equity and adequacy. If education is a state responsibility, then in an era of state-mandated standards and assessments, the state has an inherent responsibility to ensure that students have access to the human and material resources required for them to meet standards and pass state proficiency examinations.
The Northwest’s Phantom Pool
Authors: Wolverton Mimi
Published: July 2019

Responses gathered in a recent study of the superintendency in the Pacific Northwest suggest that less than 25% of sitting superintendents in the year 2000 were under the age of 50; and 40% of those who were 50 years or older planned to retire within the next four years. While the pool of potential applicants includes over 1,000 superintendent certificate holders, fewer than 150 of respondents in the same study planned to apply for upcoming vacancies. This article examines aspects of the position that serve as disincentives to seemingly qualified candidates and the policy ramifications of possible pool inadequacy within the given context.
The Appalachian Model Teaching Consortium
Authors: Proffit Alvin C. , Sale R. Paul , Alexander Ann E. , Andrews Ruth S.
Published: July 2019

The Appalachian Model Teacher Consortium is a partnership involving Radford University, Wytheville Community College, and the Grayson County (Virginia) School System. Its purpose is to prepare highly qualified teachers for rural southwest Virginia. The model was developed in response to the growing teacher shortage facing school districts in rural southwest Virginia. Poorer, more rural districts often have weaker tax bases that provide limited, and at times inadequate, financial support for their school districts. This lack of local resources often results in lower salaries and benefits when compared to many districts that compete for the shrinking pool of potential teachers. Additionally, rural communities are often geographically isolated areas and have fewer amenities that attract young teachers from outside the district. The Appalachian Model Teacher Consortium attempts to naturalize shortages by recruiting potential teachers from the local area, and providing incentives for them to stay and teach in their home community.
Recruiting and Interviewing Teachers in Rural School Districts
Authors: Nichols Joe
Published: July 2019

Through administrator and teacher surveys and interviews, this study examined recruiting and interviewing practices of eighty-three rural school districts located in, and between, the rural Ozark Plateau and Mississippi River Delta. Survey results indicated that districts with smaller student populations were far less likely to have an identified protocol in place to recruit and interview teachers. In addition, the study found that critical issues such as student achievement and qualifications of teachers were not addressed during the recruiting or interviewing phases of the employment process. Finally, this research brought to light questionable interviewing practices leading the author to make recommendations for rural schools’ implementation of measurable interviewing protocol.
Special Challenges of the “No Child Left Behind” Act for Rural Schools and Districts
Authors: Jimerson Lorna
Published: July 2019

Across the country, states are concentrating efforts to meet the requirements and the spirit of No Child Left Behind (NCLB). The implementation provisions and timelines are demanding and challenging for all districts. NCLB is particularly daunting, however, for rural and small districts. This paper outlines the characteristics of rural schools and districts that create special problems in implementing the legislation and summarizes the major challenges of the NCLB for these districts.
Reprinted with permission from the Rural School and Community Trust (www.ruraledu.org). Lorna Jimerson is the Program Coordinator for the Policy Program of the Rural Trust.
Teachers' Decision-Making about Place-Based Education and State Testing
Authors: Thomas Timothy G.
Published: July 2019

This qualitative study examined the effects of a high-stakes, standardized test on teachers' instructional planning at a rural school. The research addressed this question: How do mandated curricular standards affect teachers' instructional planning and content selection? Ethnographic interviews (Creswell, 1998) examined four secondary teachers' perceptions of the effects of high-stakes standardized tests on their work. Case study methodology (Yin, 1994) guided the analysis of the data. Each participant had several years' experience teaching at Mollusk Island School, and each teacher had previously included place-based lessons (e.g. environmental studies, cultural history) in his/her repertoire. Ultimately, the study explored how a community maintenance function of small rural schools might be affected by state legislation for standardized accountability.
Special thanks to Dr. Daniel P. Hallahan, Chair, Department of Curriculum, Instruction, and Special Education, Curry School of Education, University of Virginia, for assistance in funding the researcher's access to Mollusk Island School.
Parents’ Perceptions of the Rural School Bus Ride
Authors: Ramage Rob , Howley Aimee
Published: July 2019

This article reports findings from a study of the perceptions of parents about the experience of long bus rides on their children. Twenty-six parents, whose homes were located on the longest bus route in a rural Midwestern school district, provided interviews regarding the experiences of a total of 37 students. In the analysis of the interview data, three themes emerged: (1) atmosphere on the bus, (2) length of the bus ride, and (3) safety. Notably parents expressed concerns about the fact that long bus rides exposed their young children to the unsuitable language and behavior of older students.Support for this study was provided by the Rural School and Community Trust, to whom the authors offer sincere thanks.
If You Are Poor, It is Better to be Rural
Authors: Hopkins Theresa M.
Published: July 2019

Part of a larger research project involving the study of mathematics achievement of middle and high school students in Tennessee, this report analyzes said achievement in terms of  school locale and the percentage of disadvantaged (pdisadv) students enrolled in the school. Schools were designated as Rural, Large Central City, and Other Nonrural. Socioeconomic Status (SES) was determined by the percentage of students receiving federally subsidized free and reduced lunch. Schools were then placed into one of three economic categories: Low  to moderate pdisadv (less than 50 percent of students receiving free or reduced lunch), High pdisadv (50-74.99 percent), or Highest (75 percent or greater). The findings involving SES and achievement were as expected, the higher the percentage of disadvantage, the lower the achievement. Interesting results involving locale as well as the intersection between locale and SES were also discovered. If a student is poor, the data suggests, it is better, in terms of mathematics achievement, to be rural. The possibility exists that close-knit, economically disadvantaged rural locales offer a sense of community not found in other economically disadvantaged locales which enables rural students to achieve at a higher level mathematically than their nonrural peers.
Lifelong Learning in the County
Authors: Roberson, Jr. Donald N.
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this study was to understand more about the impact of living in a rural area on personal learning with older adults. This is important to consider because of the higher concentration of older adults in rural areas. This qualitative research was based on twenty interviews with older adults. All of the participants lived in the same rural county in south Georgia (USA). One of the results from this research was the positive description of living in a rural area. Despite literature that often describes rural areas in a negative light; all of the  participants spoke about the positive aspect of living in a rural area. These positive characteristics were discussed as simplicity, quiet, community, and nature. Negative aspects of rural life were mentioned as lack of resources and fewer people. Ten participants were purposefully chosen who were identified as active older adults who continue to learn. Two interviews with each person were conducted and the interviews were transcribed verbatim. The findings were based on recurring themes as a result of comparative analysis throughout the process. Public schools can contribute to the continued education of older adults by holding various classes as well as incorporating volunteerism.
Rural and Small School Principal Candidates
Authors: Cruzeiro Patricia A. , Boone Mike
Published: July 2019

This article reports the results of an inquiry into the dynamics of principal selection in rural school districts in two mid-American states with high numbers of rural schools. The study focuses on two questions: (1) are rural school districts experiencing a shortage of qualified applicants for vacant principal’s positions; and (2) what professional and personal characteristics do superintendents seek in selecting principals for rural schools? Data for the study were collected through a review of the relevant research literature and interviews with superintendents of rural school districts. The study confirmed that rural school districts in these two states are in fact not experiencing a shortage of qualified principal applicants and delineates specific professional and personal characteristics superintendents seek in the principals who lead rural schools.
Job Satisfaction of Iowa Public School Principals
Authors: Sodoma Boris , Else David
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine the job satisfaction of Iowa public school principals and contrast the job satisfaction to the perceptions six years previously. The population for the 1999 and 2005 study was a sample of principals from Iowa K-12 schools. The study revealed significant differences in overall job satisfaction, in gender of the principals, years served as a principal, and type of schools in both studies. No significant differences were found for years served in present position. The results indicated that principals were overall more satisfied in the 2005 than they were in 1999. The findings confirmed that principals spent more time on the management of their schools than on leadership tasks. Principals were more satisfied with hygiene factors than with motivators in both studies.
Placing the Standards
Authors: Freeman Eric
Published: July 2019

Rural areas in many parts of the U.S. experience population decline from outmigration. Geographic mobility has long been a contributing factor to the social and economic instability of rural communities; high-achieving and ambitious youth are inclined to leave rural areas to take advantage of the expansive economic opportunities and cultural and lifestyle amenities typically found in metropolitan locations. Here I review 20 years of research on rural population loss and migration theory to anticipate how patterns of rural youth mobility might intersect with the Common Core State Standards’ emphasis on preparing high-school students to be career and college ready. Given that the migration decisions of rural youth stem from a complex process that includes a range of social, economic, cultural, and environmental factors, I argue that certain types of rural communities are likely to be more strongly affected by the Common Core as are certain types of rural youth.
Three Midwest Rural School Districts’ First Year Transition to the Four Day School Week
Authors: Turner Jon , Finch Kim , Uribe-Zarain Ximena
Published: July 2019

The four-day school week is a concept that has been utilized in rural schools for decades to respond to budgetary shortfalls. There has been little peer-reviewed research on the four-day school week that has focused on the perception of parents who live in school districts that have recently switched to the four-day model. This study collects data from 584 parents in three rural Missouri school districts that have transitioned to the four-day school week within the last year. Quantitative statistical analysis identifies significant differences in the perceptions of parents classified by the age of children, special education identification, and free and reduced lunch status. Strong parental support for the four-day school week was identified in all demographic areas investigated; however, families with only elementary aged children and families with students receiving special education services were less supportive than other groups.
Rural Superintendents’ Experiences with Empowerment and Alignment to Vision in the Application of Principle-Centered Leadership
Authors: Davidson Shelby Lynn , Butcher Jennifer
Published: July 2019

This qualitative phenomenological narrative inquiry research study used narrative inquiry to investigate rural superintendents’ experiences with the application of principle-centered leadership in their districts. Ten superintendents from rural districts in east Texas were interviewed. Narratives were analyzed by organizing, describing, classifying, and interpreting data collected from the interviews. The study results support the notion that the application of principle-centered leadership helps superintendents to become effective leaders in their districts. Other findings from this study include the notion that effective superintendents practice the tenets of principle-centered leadership with different actions and methods based on their beliefs and personalities. Findings also emphasized that trustworthiness and trust is the foundation of principle-centered leadership, which allows for empowerment and alignment to vision. This study provides superintendents and other educational leaders with practices critical to practicing principle-centered leadership in order to become more effective leaders in their districts.
Nivel comprensión lectora en inglés como segunda lengua en estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Flores Salvador
Published: July 2019

The objective was to determine the level of reading comprehension in the area of English as a second language in the students of the third semester of Civil Engineering of the Universidad Andina "Néstor Cáceres Velásquez" of the city of Juliaca, 2018. We worked with a sample of 137 Students, to reach the objectives, the statistical table of frequencies has been used, within the framework of the Descriptive Statistics. It is concluded that more than half of the students understand the texts in English acceptably, since their grades range between 14 and 17 points (Expected Achievement). 5% of the students have difficulties to understand, they have notes of disapproval between 0 and 10 points. With respect to the literal level, almost half of the students have high levels of reading comprehension (solvent achievement), their grades oscillate between 18 and 20 points. With respect to the inferential level, almost half of the students are at the expected level of performance. His notes range between 14 and 17 points. In relation to the critical level, 44.5% of the students are located in the In process level, their grades vary between 11 and 13 points.
DEVELOPING AND VALIDATING AN INSTRUMENT FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF TOURISM CARRYING CAPACITY IN PULAU PERHENTIAN MARINE PARK
Authors: Mohd Nasir Nadia , Ibrahim Mansor
Published: July 2019

Carrying capacity is one of the concepts in tourism management and planning. Though it shows a remarkable solution in controlling the impacts of tourism towards the environment, it involves a very complex process and vagueness in indicating attributes and criteria to govern this framework. This study is carried out to evaluate the relevant indicators for the tourism carrying capacity in Pulau Perhentian marine park. In this paper, a conceptual model based on a study from the current literature was proposed. Data collected from the questionnaire were analyzed to validate and test the reliability of the instruments. The findings of this paper will be used for developing the model in the future.
INFORMAL SKILL AMONG ORANG ASLI COMMUNITY OF JAKUN TRIBES IN TOURISM SECTOR
Authors: Roddin Rohayu , Yusof Yusmarwati , Ibrahim Mukhtar Marina , Badrol Hisham Syamnor Syaza Dania
Published: July 2019

Tourism is one of the areas that can be used as a strategy in generating local community income. Through tourism, communities are able to earn income through the informal skills they have possessed. The Orang Asli community of Jakun in Kampung Peta that located near Endau-Rompin National Park is one of the indigenous tribes who use their informal skills in generating income through tourism. Through a case study, five participants from the Orang Asli community were interviewed and supported by two staff from the Orang Asli Development Department (JAKOA) of Mersing district. The results of the interviews showed that skills such as boat drivers, tourist guides, handicraft production, cultural activities, and food production can be a tourist attraction that contributes to the income of this community. As they live close to the National Park, it is also an advantage to them as it attracts tourist arrivals to their local area. Hence, tourism activities indirectly help these communities generate income derived from their informal skills that are translated in the form of goods and services. This study is expected to be a reference to the other indigenous communities in using their skills as an advantage in generating income.
Multimídia
Authors: Schütze Manuel , Bueno Mariana de Caux , Grillo Cristiane de Freitas Cunha , Martins Maria Aparecida
Published: July 2019

O termo semiologia refere-se ao “estudo e descrição de sinais e sintomas de uma doença”. Na Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, a Semiologia Pediátrica é ministrada no 3º ano do curso de graduação em Medicina. Como seu ensino ocorre junto a pacientes frequentemente em estado crônico e debilitado, ele geralmente é dado de forma parcial, em respeito ao cansaço e/ou à privacidade da criança ou do adolescente. Para tentar solucionar esse impasse, foi proposto o desenvolvimento de um material multimídia que pudesse complementar o ensino da Semiologia Pediátrica. Após revisão bibliográfica e extenso planejamento, foram feitas filmagens e fotografias do exame físico normal da criança e do adolescente dentro dos princípios éticos, elaboração dos textos pertinentes e desenvolvimento de um programa contendo todo o conteúdo produzido. O programa foi denominado “Semiologia Pediátrica Virtual” e possibilitará uma abordagem mais ética do paciente, otimizando o ensino de Pediatria.
Objetos de aprendizagem de Matemática
Authors: Pinto Márcia Maria Fusaro , Heitmann Felipe Pereira , Kawasaki Teresinha Fumi , Guimarães Ângelo Moura , Luz Luiz Carlos da Silva , Rizzo Lucas Middeldorf , Lott Francisco Zucchelli
Published: July 2019

As possibilidades abertas pelas tecnologias contemporâneas para a educação matemática e a demanda por sua incorporação nos processos de ensino e aprendizagem em sala de aula, presencial e a distância, levaram um grupo de estudos e pesquisa sobre o tema a desenvolver objetos de aprendizagem. Da fundamentação teórica e da nossa experiência sobre como desenvolvê-los de modo colaborativo, adotamos metodologia em que sua concepção não é dissociada do seu uso. Iniciamos com ferramentas simples, garantindo agilidade em sua construção inicial. Com base nas reflexões sobre os ambientes de aprendizagem incorporando os objetos produzidos, passamos a desenvolver aplicativos mais elaborados, buscando maior eficiência em plataformas de ensino a distância. Como resultados, apresentamos os objetos produzidos, destacando ainda o nosso próprio crescimento como profissionais.
Metodologia de ensino orientada para projetos e criação de material didático
Authors: Duarte Ricardo de Oliveira , Garcia Pedro Francisco Donoso
Published: July 2019

Este artigo descreve uma experiência no ensino de projeto de processadores e sistemas microprocessados em uma disciplina teórico-prática de Sistemas, Processadores e Periféricos, para os cursos de graduação em Engenharia Elétrica, Engenharia de Controle e Automação e Engenharia de Sistemas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). Pretende-se mostrar como tem sido desenvolvida essa disciplina por meio da utilização das metodologias ativas de ensino (Orientada para Projetos) e a construção de material didático, norteada por essa metodologia. Considera-se uma abordagem de proposta de trabalhos práticos, motivando os alunos a adquirir conhecimentos sólidos por meio do material didático desenvolvido e apresentando suas próprias soluções de projeto, em vez da simples repetição de experimentos predeterminados. Os resultados observados são maior motivação e participação nas aulas, pesquisa dos conteúdos dos trabalhos em diversas fontes além dos livros didáticos e interação dos alunos da disciplina na procura de soluções adequadas aos trabalhos propostos.
Stability analysis for grain yield and quality traits in selected traditional and improved varieties of rice over different Zones of Karnataka
Authors: Ashwini GL , Rajanna MP , Deepak CA , Chethana BS , Shobha D , Gouda TH , Dushyanthkumar BM , Hanamaratti NG , Ramesh S , Nagaraj MS , Mahantashivayogayya KH
Published: July 2019

Traditional rice varieties (TRVs) form important components of genetic reservoir. TRVs used in study viz., Rajamudi, Ratnachoodi and Jeerigesanna are photosensitive. They may exhibit Genotype by Environment (G×E) interactions for grain yield and quality traits. Hence, present experiment was conducted to understand responses of yield and quality traits in selected traditional along with improved varieties of rice over five different locations of Karnataka using additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model and bi-plots were developed following GGE bi-plot methodology. AMMI analysis revealed that there existed significant GE interaction among ten rice varieties and genotypes and environments were diverse in nature. IPCA1 and IPCA2 together explained more than 75% of GE interaction for yield and quality traits and maximum GE interaction was explained by IPCA (Interaction Principle Component Analysis) 1. BR-2655 and Ratnachoodi were found to be most stable varieties and Mugadsiri was found to be most unstable variety for grain yield. Jeerigesanna and BPT-5204 were stable for gel consistency and amylose content respectively. Among rice varieties used, BR-2655 was found to be the best variety since it recorded highest grain yield and also it was stable performer for grain yield and also amylose content across five different locations.
Efektivitas Penggunaan Gigi Tiruan Sebagian Lepasan terhadap Fungsi Pengunyahan pada Masyarakat Desa Pinasungkulan Kecamatan Modoinding
Authors: Mangundap Gledis C. M. , Wowor Vonny N. S. , Mintjelungan Christy N.
Published: July 2019

Abstract: Removable partial denture is indicated to patients who lose some of their original teeth. The use of denture plays an important role in the recovery of masticatory system lost or disturbed due to tooth loss. This study was aimed to obtain the effectiveness of the use of removable partial dentures on the function of mastication. This was a quasi experimental study with one group pre and post test design. Population consisted of the community using removable dentures at Desa Pinasungkulan Modoinding, based on the prevalence of 879 denture users. There were 16 denture users as samples obtained by using purposive sampling method. We used questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability and the Wilcoxon test for data analysis. The results showed that the score of the effectiveness of mastication without using dentures was 207, categorized as 'less effective', meanwhile, the score of with using denture was 293, categorized as 'effective'. The Wilcoxon test resulted in a p-value of 0.004 which meant that there was a difference in masticatory function between using denture and without using denture. In conclusion, the use of removable partial denture was effective on the masticatory function of the community at Desa Pinasungkulan, Modoinding.Keywords: partial removable denture, effectiveness of mastication Abstrak: Gigi tiruan sebagian lepasan (GTSL) diindikasikan pada pasien yang kehilangan sebagian gigi aslinya. Penggunaan gigi tiruan berperan penting dalam pemulihan sistem pengunyahan yang hilang atau terganggu akibat kehilangan gigi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas penggunaan GTSL terhadap fungsi pengunyahan. Jenis penelitian ialah quasi eksperimental dengan one group pre and post test design. Populasi penelitian yakni masyarakat pengguna GTSL di Desa Pinasungkulan Kecamatan Modoinding yang dihitung berdasarkan prevalensi pengguna gigi tiruan sebanyak 879, dengan besar sampel 16 pengguna GTSL diperoleh dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Instrumen penelitian berupa kuesioner yang telah dilakukan uji validitas dan reabilitas. Analisis hasil penelitian menggunakan uji statistik Wilcoxon. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan skor pengukuran efektivitas pengunyahan tanpa memakai GTSL sebesar 207 (kategori ‘kurang efektif’) sedangkan setelah pemakaian GTSL perolehan skor sebesar 293 (kategori ’efektif’). Hasil uji Wilcoxon mendapatkan nilai p=0,004, yang berarti terdapat perbedaan fungsi pengunyahan tanpa menggunakan GTSL dan setelah menggunakan GTSL. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah penggunaan GTSL efektif terhadap fungsi pengunyahan pada masyarakat Desa Pinasungkulan Kecamatan ModoindingKata kunci: gigi tiruan sebagian lepasan, efektivitas pengunyahan
Identifikasi jenis alga Koralin di pulau Salawati, Waigeo Barat kepulauan Raja Ampat dan pantai Malalayang kota Manado
Authors: Tampanguma Biondi , Gerung Grevo , Sondak Calvyn , Wagey Billy , Manembu Indri , Kondoy Khristin
Published: July 2019

Alga koralin merupakan kelompok alga laut (seaweed) yang diklasifikasikan kedalam Divisi Rhodophyta, Kelas Florideophyceae, Ordo Cryptonemiales, Famili Corallinaceae. Secara morfologi (external appearance) kelompok famili ini terbagi atas 2 bagian, yaitu: alga koralin bersegmen (articulated/geniculated Coralline Algae) dan alga koralin tidak bersegmen (non-articulated/nongeniculated Coralline Algae). Tujuan penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis alga koralin dan mendeskripsikan morfologi alga koralin. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di Pulau Salawati, Waigeo Barat Kepulauan Raja Ampat dan Pantai Malalayang Kota Manado. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan bantuan peralatan SCUBA dan diambil pada kedalaman 1-5 meter dengan menggunakan metode survey jelajah. Setiap alga koralin yang di ambil dimasukan ke dalam plastik sampel. Sampel alga koralin di bawah ke Laboratorium Biologi Kelautan FPIK UNSRAT. Selanjutnya, setiap alga diidentifikasi, dicatat dan didokumentasi menggunakan kamera. Penelitian ini berhasil mengidentifikasi berjumlah 4 spesies alga koralin. Keempat spesies tersebut yaitu 1 Mastophora rosea dari Waigeo Barat, 2 dari Pulau Salawati Amphiroa rigida dan Galaxaura rugosa, dan 1 dari Pantai Malalayang Peyssonnelia caulifera.
IDENTITAS GENDER DALAM PERSPEKTIF AGAMA KRISTEN
Authors: Halidin Ali
Published: July 2019

The fundamental concept offered by feminism to analyze society is gender. The concept of gender is an inherent trait of men and women formed by social and cultural factors, so there are some assumptions about the social and cultural roles of men and women. For example; the woman is known as a weak, beautiful, emotional and motherly creature. While the man is known as a strong, rational, male and powerful creature. But these traits are not permanent, because they can change over time. This study reinforces the view that gender is a social-forming being that can change with the times, while sex is the nature of God whose role remains (unchangeable). Therefore, the identity of women's behavior, there is always kaitanya with conflict that occurs, along with ethnicity ego, discrimination, and the issue of majority and minority relations. Gender is not the nature or the provision of God, therefore gender is concerned with the process of how men and women should act and act according to the structured values of society. Gender is a distinction between roles, functions and responsibilities between women and men.
DETECTING FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY RISK OF THE ASSETS USING MAMDANI FUZZY CONTROLLER
Authors: Boloș Marcel-Ioan , Bradea Ioana-Alexandra , Sabău-Popa Claudia Diana , Ilie Laurențiu-Andrei
Published: July 2019

The paper aims to develop a MAMDANI fuzzy controller for detecting the financial sustainability risk of the assets owned by the company. This type of risk indicates when an asset no longer produces economic benefits to the company, or the benefits are small enough to no longer justify the asset maintaining in working order. The proposed fuzzy controller has as input variables the asset operating expenses and the variation of this category of expenses from one analysis period to another. The controller's objective function is to keep operating costs at their initial state and thus reducing the financial sustainability risk. The controller's output variable is represented by the economic benefits variation, considered to be an essential component in the financial sustainability risk analysis. The obtained results were interpreted taking into account the objective function of the controller as well as the evolution of the input variables. Two simulations for fuzzy controllers were made, with the mention that the variation ranges for the input variables were delimited. In practice, fuzzy controllers can be generated according to company policies to keep under control the expense categories that accompany the asset exploitation.
OPERATING SPEED PREDICTION MODEL AS A TOOL FOR CONSISTENCY BASED GEOMETRIC DESIGN OF FOUR-LANE DIVIDED HIGHWAYS
Authors: Sil Gourab , Maji Avijit , Nama Suresh , Maurya Akhilesh Kumar
Published: July 2019

Researchers have studied two-lane rural highways to predict the operating speed on horizontal curves and correlated it with safety. However, the driving characteristics of four-lane-divided highways are different. Weak lane discipline is observed in these facilities, which influences vehicle speed in adjacent lane or space. So, irrespective of its lane or lateral position, vehicles in four-lane divided highways are considered free flowing only when it maintains the minimum threshold headway from any lead vehicle. Examination of two conditions is proposed to ensure the free flow. Vehicles meeting both conditions, when tracked from the preceding tangent section till the centre of the horizontal curve, are considered as free flowing. The speed data of such free flowing passenger cars at the centre of eighteen horizontal curves on four-lane divided highways is analysed to develop a linear operating speed prediction model. The developed model depends on curve radius and preceding tangent length. The operating speed of passenger car in four-lane divided highways is influenced by horizontal curve of radius 360 m or less. Further, longer tangent would yield higher operating speed at the centre of the curve. Finally, two nomograms are suggested for conventional design, consistency based design and geometric design consistency evaluation of four-lane divided horizontal curves.
Spitzer Albedos of Near-Earth Objects
Authors: Gustafsson Annika , Trilling David E. , Mommert Michael , McNeill Andrew , Hora Joseph L. , Smith Howard A. , Hellmich Stephan , Mottola Stefano , Harris Alan W.
Published: July 2019

Thermal infrared observations are the most effective way to measure asteroid diameter and albedo for a large number of near-Earth objects (NEOs). Major surveys like NEOWISE, NEOSurvey, ExploreNEOs, and NEOLegacy find a small fraction of high albedo objects that do not have clear analogs in the current meteorite population. About 8% of Spitzer-observed NEOs have nominal albedo solutions greater than 0.5. This may be a result of light-curve variability leading to an incorrect estimate of diameter or inaccurate absolute visual magnitudes. For a sample of 23 high-albedo NEOs we do not find that their shapes are significantly different from the McNeill et al. NEO shape distribution. We performed a Monte Carlo analysis on 1505 NEOs observed by Spitzer, sampling the visible and thermal fluxes of all targets to determine the likelihood of obtaining a high albedo erroneously. Implementing the McNeill shape distribution for NEOs, we provide an upper limit on the geometric albedo of 0.5 ± 0.1 for the near-Earth population.
The Molecular Gas Reservoirs of z ∼ 2 Galaxies: A Comparison of CO(1−0) and Dust-based Molecular Gas Masses
Authors: Kaasinen M. , Scoville N. , Walter F. , Cunha E. Da , Popping G. , Pavesi R. , Darvish B. , Casey C. M. , Riechers D. A. , Glover S.
Published: July 2019

We test the use of long-wavelength dust continuum emission as a molecular gas tracer at high redshift, via a unique sample of a dozen z ∼ 2 galaxies with observations of both the dust continuum and CO(1−0) line emission (obtained with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array and Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array, respectively). Our work is motivated by recent high-redshift studies that measure molecular gas masses (

) via a calibration of the rest-frame 850 μm luminosity (

) against the CO(1−0)-derived

of star-forming galaxies. We therefore test whether this method is valid for the types of high-redshift, star-forming galaxies to which it has been applied. We recover a clear correlation between the rest-frame 850 μm luminosity, inferred from the single-band, long-wavelength flux, and the CO(1−0) line luminosity, consistent with the samples used to perform the 850 μm calibration. The molecular gas masses, derived from

, agree to within a factor of two with those derived from CO(1−0). We show that this factor of two uncertainty can arise from the values of the dust emissivity index and temperature that need to be assumed in order to extrapolate from the observed frequency to the rest-frame at 850 μm. The extrapolation to 850 μm therefore has a smaller effect on the accuracy of

derived via single-band dust-continuum observations than the assumed CO(1−0)-to-

conversion factor. We therefore conclude that single-band observations of long-wavelength dust emission can be used to reliably constrain the molecular gas masses of massive, star-forming galaxies at z ≳ 2.
Photodesorption of Water Ice from Dust Grains and Thermal Desorption of Cometary Ices Studied by the INSIDE Experiment
Authors: Potapov Alexey , Jäger Cornelia , Henning Thomas
Published: July 2019

A new experimental setup, INterStellar Ice-Dust Experiment (INSIDE), was designed for studying cosmic grain analogs represented by ice-coated carbon- and silicate-based dust grains. With the new instrument, we can simulate the physical and chemical conditions prevailing in interstellar and circumstellar environments. The setup combines ultrahigh vacuum and low-temperature conditions with infrared spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Using INSIDE, we plan to investigate physical and chemical processes, such as adsorption, desorption, molecule formation, on the surface of dust/ice samples. First experiments on the photodesorption of water ice molecules from the surface of silicate and carbon grains by UV photons revealed a strong influence of the surface properties on the desorption yield, in particular in the monolayer regime. In the second experiment, the thermal desorption of cometary ice analogs composed of six molecular components was studied for the first time. Codesorption of CO2 and CH3OH with O2 indicates that at high O2 concentrations in cometary or interstellar ices, “heavy” ice molecules can be partly trapped in O2 and enter the gas phase much earlier than expected. This effect could explain astronomical detections of complex organic molecules in cold dense interstellar clouds.
The First Candidate Colliding-wind Binary in M33
Authors: Garofali Kristen , Levesque Emily M. , Massey Philip , Williams Benjamin F.
Published: July 2019

We present the detection of the first candidate colliding-wind binary (CWB) in M33, located in the giant H ii region NGC 604. The source was first identified in archival Chandra imaging as a relatively soft X-ray point source, with the likely primary star determined from precise astrometric alignment between archival Hubble Space Telescope and Chandra imaging. The candidate primary star in the CWB is classified for the first time in this work as a carbon-rich Wolf–Rayet star with a likely O-star companion based on spectroscopy obtained from Gemini-North. We model the X-ray spectrum using Chandra and XMM-Newton observations, and find the CWB to be well fit as a ∼1 keV thermal plasma with a median unabsorbed luminosity in the 0.5–2.0 keV band of L
X ∼ 3 × 1035 erg s−1, making this source among the brightest of CWBs observed to date. We present a long-term light curve for the candidate CWB from archival Chandra and XMM-Newton observations, and discuss the constraints placed on the binary by this light curve, as well as the X-ray luminosity at maximum. Finally, we compare this candidate CWB in M33 to other well-studied, bright CWBs in the Galaxy and Magellanic Clouds, such as η Car.
Four Small Planets Buried in K2 Systems: What Can We Learn for TESS?
Authors: Hedges Christina , Saunders Nicholas , Barentsen Geert , Coughlin Jeffrey L. , de Miranda Cardoso Josè Vinícius , Kostov Veselin B. , Dotson Jessie , Cody Ann Marie
Published: July 2019

The Kepler, K2, and Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) missions have provided a wealth of confirmed exoplanets, benefiting from a huge effort from the planet-hunting and follow-up community. With careful systematics mitigation, these missions provide precise photometric time series, which enable detection of transiting exoplanet signals. However, exoplanet hunting can be confounded by several factors, including instrumental noise, search biases, and host star variability. In this Letter, we discuss strategies to overcome these challenges using newly emerging techniques and tools. We demonstrate the power of new, fast open-source community tools (e.g., lightkurve, starry, celerite, exoplanet), and discuss four high signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) exoplanets that showcase specific challenges present in planet detection: K2-43c, K2-168c, K2-198c, and K2-198d. These planets have been undetected in several large K2 planet searches, despite having transit signals with S/N ≥ 10. Two of the planets discussed here are new discoveries. In this work we confirm all four as true planets. Alongside these planet systems, we discuss three key challenges in finding small transiting exoplanets. The aim of this Letter is to help new researchers understand where planet detection efficiency gains can be made, and to encourage the continued use of K2 archive data. The considerations presented in this Letter are equally applicable to Kepler, K2, and TESS, and the tools discussed here are available for the community to apply to improve exoplanet discovery and fitting.
Enfermement carcéral, imaginaire et pathologie de l’adaptation
Authors: Englebert Jérôme
Published: July 2019

Cet article interroge le sort réservé à l’imaginaire dans l’univers carcéral. Une étude minutieuse de ce phénomène fournit des informations sur la psychologie intime de l’homme incarcéré (ses rapports au rêve, au corps, à l’altérité, à l’espace et au temps). Ponctuée par une situation clinique, l’étude identifie ce que Sami-Ali appelle le banal (monde hyper-réel duquel les possibilités d’émancipation par l’imaginaire sont réduites, voire inexistantes) comme étant la dynamique de fond du vécu carcéral. L’individu y devient un « être unique en général », rouage anonyme d’une organisation qui le dépasse.
Contraintes
Authors: Quentin Maud , Baverel Manon
Published: July 2019

Jeunes infirmières dans un service d’urgences psychiatriques, nous allons tenter de rendre compte avec rigueur d’une situation de mise sous contrainte d’une patiente. Ce témoignage a nécessité l’aide de Lise Gaignard, psychodynamicienne du travail, afin de révéler nos propres contraintes en tant que soignantes et les défenses mises en œuvre.
Contrainte et situation dans le soin, une approche phénoménologique
Authors: Bastiani Flora
Published: July 2019

Dans cette contribution, la question de la situation – et plus précisément de la contrainte à être situé – sera mise en regard de celle, majeure, de la liberté. Afin de clarifier les relations entre ces termes, le cas de la contention physique en psychiatrie constituera le fil conducteur de cette réflexion. L’analyse trouvera un appui théorique important dans l’œuvre d’Emmanuel Levinas, permettant d’aborder la notion de fait . Et, partant de cette détermination, s’ouvrira la possibilité du langage, comme une alternative à la seule dimension de l’être et du fait.
Un enfermement « identitaire » : les « mal convertis »
Authors: Germanos Besson Dina , Sauret Marie-Jean
Published: July 2019

Cet article traite du phénomène dit de « radicalisation », dans un environnement spécifique : la France. À l’expression « radicalisé », mot enfermant, les auteurs préfèrent celle de « mal converti », s’inspirant de Freud qui parle des « mal baptisés », diagnostic d’un enfermement. Avec les progrès du néolibéralisme, qui engendre une désaffection du sens, nous nous trouvons, semble-t-il, devant une impasse : le choix entre une religion de la laïcité ou un appel au religieux sous une forme radicale. Ainsi, à partir de quelques aspects : la déculturation, la laïcité, la marginalisation, le lien social, l’article vise à saisir la raison de cette conversion.
L’intervention sociale d’intérêt collectif, quel statut pour cette notion ? Quelle transmission possible ?
Authors: Ferrand Sarah
Published: July 2019

L’objet d’étude isic , intervention professionnelle en service social, s’impose rapidement comme objet de représentation sociale du fait essentiellement des confusions que sa définition suscite. Un diagnostic préalable renforce ce premier constat qui est également confirmé par notre enquête. Se pose alors la question : comment former à la « nouvelle » compétence isic en centre de formation et sur le terrain tant que cet objet d’étude n’aura pas acquis de statut plus scientifique ?
Réadaptation sociale : intervenir sur le social dans un monde privilégiant le physique
Authors: Crête Josianne
Published: July 2019

La réadaptation sociale a émergé de l’analyse des données d’un projet de thèse comme expliquant la perception qu’ont les travailleuses sociales de leur identité professionnelle. Celle-ci est traversée de nombreuses tensions, dont certaines sont propres aux établissements de réadaptation en déficience physique québécois. Présenter ces tensions permet de mieux connaître ce contexte, ainsi que les enjeux qui s’y jouent, dont certains particuliers à la clientèle adulte.
Ovide, un exilé pas comme les nôtres
Authors: Lévrier Jean-Luc
Published: July 2019

Le poète latin Ovide, connu pour son Art d’aimer et ses Métamorphoses , a passé les dernières années de sa vie en exil sur les rives de la mer Noire, sur le territoire de l’actuelle Roumanie. Mais quel que soit le domaine que l’on considère – raisons de l’exil, conditions de la traversée, situation matérielle dans le pays d’accueil, vision du pays d’accueil, rapports avec le pays d’origine –, sa situation est l’exact négatif de celle des exilés de notre époque.
Les sources de conflit travail-famille et d’enrichissement chez les professionnels de soins dans le secteur hospitalier
Authors: Déme Samba , Dumas Marc , Hikkerova Lubica
Published: July 2019

Les professionnels hospitaliers en particulier les soignants, doivent faire face à une augmentation de l’activité hospitalière et à d’autres pressions dans un contexte de baisse des recrutements consécutive aux restrictions budgétaires. Ils sont souvent soumis à de fortes exigences de travail et fortement exposés au stress. Ces difficultés, que rencontrent les personnels soignants, majoritairement féminins, au travail, débordent dans la sphère privée faisant aujourd’hui de la conciliation vie privée-vie professionnelle l’un des principaux enjeux de la qualité de vie au travail des soignants. L’étude quantitative menée auprès de professionnels de soins ayant une charge de famille (enfant à charge) d’un centre hospitalier de l’ouest de la France, vise à évaluer l’impact de certains facteurs organisationnels tels que la latitude décisionnelle, les exigences de travail, le temps et les horaires dans la survenance de conflit travail-famille et le développement de l’enrichissement travail-famille. Les résultats de cette recherche mettent en évidence le rôle que jouent les exigences de travail dans la survenance du conflit travail-famille mais également dans le développement de l’enrichissement travail-famille. Il apparait également une nouvelle place de l’autonomie qui prévient certes le conflit famille-travail mais ne contribue pas au développement de l’enrichissement travail-famille et famille-travail, ce qui pose la question de la nature de l’autonomie chez les soignants. Par ailleurs, le temps et les horaires ne préviennent plus le développement du conflit mais favorisent clairement le développement de l’enrichissement entre les sphères professionnelle et familiale.
Le crowdfunding pour la candidature aux JO Paris 2024, un excès de confiance ?
Authors: Leroux-Sostenes Marie-Josèphe , Abdourazakou Yann
Published: July 2019

L’article analyse les causes de l’échec du financement participatif du projet d’organisation des Jeux Olympiques à Paris en 2024. Après avoir étudié le concept de confiance, dans l’optique du crowdfunding , les conditions de réussite d’un projet sont définies pour considérer « Paris 2024 » dans ce cadre théorique. Son échec est dû à un excès de confiance.
Peut-on parler de performance à l’Université ? Rôle et influence des technologies d’information
Authors: Luangsay-Catelin Carine , Roybier-Mtanios Rajaa
Published: July 2019

Les technologies de l’information sont au cœur de notre problématique et elles revêtent une importance stratégique. En effet, celles-ci permettent d’améliorer la performance d’une organisation. L’objectif de cet article est par conséquent de chercher à comprendre et à expliquer comment, à travers la théorie des parties prenantes et la théorie basée sur les ressources, les TI peuvent apparaître comme l’un des déterminants de la performance au sein d’une organisation publique telle qu’une composante universitaire.