bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Polymerization of N‐(1‐Anthryl)citraconimide.
Authors: Grigoras Mircea
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Benzannulation of 3‐Substituted Pyrroles to Indoles.
Authors: Katritzky Alan R. , Ledoux Stephane , Nair Satheesh K.
Published: June 2005

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Synthesis and Structure of Benzimidazo[1,2‐c][1,2,3]thiadiazoles: First Examples of a Novel Ring System.
Authors: Tumkevicius Sigitas , Labanauskas Linas , Bucinskaite Virginija , Brukstus Algirdas , Urbelis Gintaras
Published: June 2005

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Efficient Stereoselective Syntheses of Cyclic Amino Acids via Michael‐Induced Ring‐Closing Reactions.
Authors: Pohlman Matthias , Kazmaier Uli
Published: June 2005

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L‐chiro‐Inositol Derivatives from myo‐Inositol. Building Blocks for Inositolphosphoglycans.
Authors: Cid M. Belen , Alfonso Francisco , Martin‐Lomas Manuel
Published: June 2005

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A Concise Route to Benzofused Macrolactones via Ynolides: Cycloproparadicicol.
Authors: Yang Zhi‐Qiang , Danishefsky Samuel J.
Published: June 2005

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Secondary Metabolites Isolated from Colletrotrichum Species
Authors: Garcia‐Pajon C. M. , Collado Isidro G.
Published: June 2005

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The Surface Chemistry of Hydrocarbon Partial Oxidation Catalysis
Authors: Zaera Francisco
Published: June 2005

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The Photorefractive Effect in Polymeric Systems
Authors: Vannikov A. V. , Grishina A. D.
Published: June 2005

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Thermal Expansion, Pyroelectricity and Linear Optical Properties of Li2SeO4×H2O and Li2SO4×H2O.
Authors: Becker P. , Ahrweiler S. , Held P. , Schneeberger H. , Bohaty L.
Published: June 2005

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Kinetics and Mechanisms of the Reactions of Hypochlorous Acid, Chlorine and Chlorine Monoxide with Bromite Ion.
Authors: Nicoson Jeffrey S. , Perrone Thomas F. , Huff Hartz Kara E. , Wang Lu , Margerum Dale W.
Published: June 2005

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Electroreductive Intramolecular Coupling of Aromatic δ‐ and ε‐Keto Esters.
Authors: Kise Naoki , Arimoto Kie , Ueda Nasuo
Published: June 2005

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A Water Based Method for Hydroxymethylation of Phenols and Phenolic Ketones.
Authors: Goswami Jonali , Borthakur Naleen , Goswami Amrit
Published: June 2005

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Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalysts with Modified Styrene Ethers: Influence of Steric and Electronic Effects.
Authors: Zaja Mirko , Connon Stephen J. , Dunne Aideen M. , Rivard Michael , Buschmann Nicole , Jiricek Jan , Blechert Siegfried
Published: June 2005

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Indium(III) Chloride as a New, Highly Efficient, and Versatile Catalyst for Acylation of Phenols, Thiols, Alcohols, and Amines.
Authors: Chakraborti Asit K. , Gulhane Rajesh
Published: June 2005

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Efficient Synthesis of Sterically Constrained Symmetrically α,α‐Disubstituted α‐Amino Acids under Operationally Convenient Conditions.
Authors: Ellis Trevor K. , Martin Collin H. , Tsai Gary M. , Ueki Hisanori , Soloshonok Vadim A.
Published: June 2005

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β‐Nitro Xanthates as Olefin Precursors.
Authors: Ouvry Gilles , Quiclet‐Sire Beatrice , Zard Samir Z.
Published: June 2005

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Pd(II)‐Catalyzed Coupling Cyclization of 2,3‐Allenoic Acids with Allylic Halides. An Efficient Methodology for the Synthesis of β‐Allylic Butenolides.
Authors: Ma Shengming , Yu Zhanqian
Published: June 2005

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Facile Synthesis of 2‐Aroyl‐3,5‐diarylthiophene.
Authors: Wang Jin‐Xian , Shi Xiaoning , Men Xiuqin , Zhao Lianbiao
Published: June 2005

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A General Synthesis of 2‐Substituted‐5‐aminooxazoles: Building Blocks for Multifunctional Heterocycles.
Authors: Wang Qunzhao , Xia Qian , Ganem Bruce
Published: June 2005

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A Simple Synthesis of B‐2‐(1‐Trimethylsilyl‐1‐alkyl)‐1,3,2‐dioxaborinanes. Isolation and Selective Oxidation to 1‐Trimethylsilyl‐1‐alkanols.
Authors: Bhat Narayan G. , Garza Amanda
Published: June 2005

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Rapid Access to cis 3‐Substituted Prolines.
Authors: Pellegrini Nadia , Schmitt Martine , Bourguignon Jean‐Jacques
Published: June 2005

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Concise Synthesis of Cyclothialidine Analogues (VI) with Ring Sizes from 12 to 15: Novel Macrocyclization Protocol Involving Reductive Thiolation.
Authors: Geiwiz J. , Goetschi E. , Hebeisen P.
Published: June 2005

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Oxide and Chalcogenide Nanoparticles from Hydrothermal/Solvothermal Reactions
Authors: Rajamathi Michael , Seshadri Ram
Published: June 2005

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Organometallic Complexes of Ruthenium
Authors: Chatani N.
Published: June 2005

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Oligonucleotide‐Based Knockdown Technologies: Antisense versus RNA Interference
Authors: Achenbach Tatjana V. , Brunner Bodo , Heermeier Kathrin
Published: June 2005

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Genetic Control by Metabolite‐Binding Riboswitches
Authors: Winkler Wade C. , Breaker Ronald R.
Published: June 2005

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Alkaline Metal Stannide‐Stannates: “Double Salts” with Zintl Sn4‐4 and Stannate SnO4‐3 Anions.
Authors: Frisch Gero , Hoch Constantin , Roehr Caroline , Zoennchen Peter , Becker Klaus‐Dieter , Niemeier Dirk
Published: June 2005

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Synthesis and Characterization of Zirconogermanates.
Authors: Plevert Jacques , Sanchez‐Smith Rebeca , Gentz Travis M. , Li Hailian , Groy Thomas L. , Yaghi Omar M. , O'Keeffe Michael
Published: June 2005

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Magnesium Hydrogensulfate: A Cheap and Efficient Catalyst for the Conversion of Epoxides into β‐Alkoxy Alcohols, Vicinal‐Diols, and Thiiranes.
Authors: Salehi Peyman , Khodaei Mohammad Mahdi , Zolfigol Mohammad Ali , Keyvan Afsaneh
Published: June 2005

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Highly Enantioselective Resolution of Terminal Epoxides with Cross‐Linked Polymeric Salen—Co(III) Complexes.
Authors: Song Yuming , Chen Huilin , Hu Xinquan , Bai Changmin , Zheng Zhuo
Published: June 2005

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Investigation of the Asymmetric Ionic Diels—Alder Reaction for the Synthesis of cis‐Decalins.
Authors: Anderson James C. , Blake Alexander J. , Graham Jonathan P. , Wilson Claire
Published: June 2005

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An Alternative Route to Substituted 1,4‐Pentanedienes Through Acetates of Baylis—Hillman Adducts in Aqueous Medium.
Authors: Saxena Rashmi , Patra Arundhati , Batra Sanjay
Published: June 2005

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Soluble Polystyrene‐Based Sulfoxide Reagents for Swern Oxidation Reactions.
Authors: Choi Matthew Kwok Wai , Toy Patrick H.
Published: June 2005

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Bi(OTf)3‐Catalyzed Baeyer—Villiger Oxidation of Carbonyl Compounds with m‐CPBA.
Authors: Alam M. Mujahid , Varala Ravi , Adapa Srinivas R.
Published: June 2005

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One‐Pot Reductive Amination of Acetals with Aromatic Amines Using Decaborane (B10H14) in Methanol.
Authors: Park Eun Soo , Lee Ji Hee , Kim Soo Jung , Yoon Cheol Min
Published: June 2005

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Synthesis of Bridgedhead Azolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidines and Imidazo[2,1‐b]thiazines Through Ring Transformation of 2H‐Pyran‐2‐ones.
Authors: Ram Vishnu Ji , Srivastava Pratibha , Goel Atul
Published: June 2005

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Acetonyltriphenylphosphonium Bromide and Its Polymer‐Supported Analogues as Catalysts for the Protection of Carbonyl Compounds as Acetals or Thioacetals.
Authors: Hon Yung‐Son , Lee Chia‐Fu , Chen Rong‐Jiunn , Huang Yi‐Fen
Published: June 2005

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Accelerated Benzylation Reaction Utilizing Dibenzyl Carbonate as an Alkylating Reagent.
Authors: Shieh Wen‐Chung , Lozanov Mario , Repic Oljan
Published: June 2005

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Synthesis of Novel (Phenylalkyl)amines for the Investigation of Structure—Activity Relationships. Part 3. 4‐Ethynyl‐2,5‐dimethoxyphenethylamine (= 4‐Ethynyl‐2,5‐dimethoxybenzeneethanamine; 2C‐YN).
Authors: Trachsel Daniel
Published: June 2005

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A Novel Coupling Reaction of Allenyl Carbinols with Aldehydes Mediated by InCl3 via a 1,3‐Transposition of Oxygen.
Authors: Yu Chan‐Mo , Kim Young‐Mook , Kim Ji‐Min
Published: June 2005

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A Practical Process for the Preparation of Azetidine‐3‐carboxylic Acid.
Authors: Miller Ross A. , Lang Fengrui , Marcune Benjamin , Zewge Daniel , Song Zhiguo J. , Karady Sandor
Published: June 2005

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Synthesis of 5‐Acylindoles via Regioselective Acylation of 3‐Trifluoroacetylindole.
Authors: Li Jun , Li Bogang , Chen Xiaozhen , Zhang Guolin
Published: June 2005

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A Practical Oxone®‐Mediated, High‐Throughput, Solution‐Phase Synthesis of Benzimidazoles from 1,2‐Phenylenediamines and Aldehydes and Its Application to Preparative Scale Synthesis.
Authors: Beaulieu Pierre L. , Hache Bruno , von Moos Elisabeth
Published: June 2005

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Hypocholesterolemic Activity of Hesperetin Derivatives.
Authors: Jeong Tae‐Sook , Kim Eun Eai , Lee Chul‐Ho , Oh Jung‐Hoon , Moon Surk‐Sik , Lee Woo Song , Oh Goo‐Taeg , Lee Sangku , Bok Song‐Hae
Published: June 2005

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Design, Synthesis and Antimalarial Activity of Novel, Quinoline‐Based, Zinc Metallo‐Aminopeptidase Inhibitors.
Authors: Flipo Marian , Florent Isabelle , Grellier Philippe , Sergheraert Christian , Deprez‐Poulain Rebecca
Published: June 2005

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The Aza‐xylylene Diels—Alder Approach for the Synthesis of Naturally Occurring 2‐Alkyl Tetrahydroquinolines.
Authors: Avemaria Frank , Vanderheiden Sylvia , Braese Stefan
Published: June 2005

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Synthesis of 2‐Aryl‐1‐hydroxyazaindoles and 2‐Arylazaindoles via Oxidation of o‐Hydroxyaminostyrylpyridines.
Authors: Kuzmich Daniel , Mulrooney Carol
Published: June 2005

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Heck‐Mediated Synthesis and Photochemically Induced Cyclization of [2‐(2‐Styrylphenyl)ethyl]carbamic Acid Ethyl Esters and 2‐Styryl‐benzoic Acid Methyl Esters: Total Synthesis of Naphtho[2,1‐f]isoquinolines (2‐Azachrysenes).
Authors: Pampin M. Carme , Estevez Juan C. , Estevez Ramon J. , Maestro Miguel , Castedo Luis
Published: June 2005

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Expeditive Synthesis of 4‐Substituted 3‐Aminopyridazines.
Authors: Bourotte Maryline , Pellegrini Nadia , Schmitt Martine , Bourguignon Jean‐Jacques
Published: June 2005

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Cytosine Analogues from Substituted Acetonitriles via Thorpe Condensation.
Authors: Barkin Julia L. , Faust Marcus D. Jr. , Trenkle William C.
Published: June 2005

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An Alternative Approach Towards Novel Heterocycle‐Fused 1,4‐Diazepin‐2‐ones by an Aromatic Amidation Protocol.
Authors: Correa Arkaitz , Herrero M. Teresa , Tellitu Imanol , Dominguez Esther , Moreno Isabel , SanMartin Raul
Published: June 2005

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Synthesis of Substituted P‐Stereogenic Vinylphosphine Oxides by Olefin Cross‐Metathesis.
Authors: Demchuk Oleg M. , Pietrusiewicz K. Michal , Michrowska Anna , Grela Karol
Published: June 2005

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Stereoselective Synthesis of Optically Active 3‐Hydroxy‐7,8‐dihydro‐β‐ionol‐glucosides.
Authors: Yamano Yumiko , Shimizu Yuka , Ito Masayoshi
Published: June 2005

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Trityl‐Directed Regiospecific Synthesis of 2,3‐Disubstituted Bioimidazoles.
Authors: Chandana Pooja , Nayyar Amit , Jain Rahul
Published: June 2005

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Enantioselective Synthesis of (R)‐(‐)‐Baclofen and Analogues via Rhodium‐Catalyzed Conjugate Addition of Boronic Acids.
Authors: Meyer Oliver , Becht Jean‐Michel , Helmchen Guenter
Published: June 2005

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Chiral Discrimination of Aromatic Amino Acids by Capillary Electrophoresis in (+)‐ and (‐)‐(18‐Crown‐6)‐2,3,11,12‐tetracarboxylic Acid Selector Modes.
Authors: Lee Wonjae , La Sookie , Choi Youngmie , Kim Kyoung‐Rae
Published: June 2005

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Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Azasugar‐Based MMP/ADAM Inhibitors.
Authors: Moriyama Hideki , Tsukida Takahiro , Inoue Yoshimasa , Kondo Hirosato , Yoshino Kohichiro , Nishimura Shin‐Ichiro
Published: June 2005

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A Novel Synthetic Approach to (.+‐.)‐Desoxynoreseroline.
Authors: Mekhael Maged K. G. , Heimgartner Heinz
Published: June 2005

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Enzymatic Synthesis of Nucleoside‐5′‐O‐(1‐thiophosphates) and (SP)‐Adenosine‐5′‐O‐(1‐thiotriphosphate).
Authors: Barai Vladimir N. , Zinchenko Anatoli I. , Kvach Sergei V. , Titovich Olga I. , Rubinova Elena B. , Kalinichenko Elena N. , Mikhailopulo Igor A.
Published: June 2005

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Novel 3‐O‐Acyl Mesquitol Analogues as Free‐Radical Scavengers and Enzyme Inhibitors: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Structure—Activity Relationship.
Authors: Rao R. Jagadeeshwar , Tiwari Ashok K. , Kumar U. Sampath , Reddy S. Venkat , Ali Amtul Z. , Rao J. Madhusudana
Published: June 2005

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Stereoselective Synthesis of (‐)‐Cytoxazone and (+)‐5‐Epi‐cytoxazone.
Authors: Kumar A. Ravi , Bhaskar G. , Madhan A. , Rao B. Venkateswara
Published: June 2005

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The First Synthesis of the Epoxide‐Containing Macrolactone Nucleus of Oximidine I.
Authors: Harvey Joanne E. , Raw Steven A. , Taylor Richard J. K.
Published: June 2005

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Templated Inorganic Networks: Recent Developments
Authors: Harrison William T. A.
Published: June 2005

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Enantioselective Synthesis by Lithiation Adjacent to Oxygen and Subsequent Rearrangement
Authors: Hodgson David M. , Tomooka Katsuhiko , Gras Emmanuel
Published: June 2005

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Enantioselective Synthesis by Lithiation Adjacent to Nitrogen and Electrophile Incorporation
Authors: Beak Peter , Johnson Timothy A. , Kim Dwight D. , Lim Sung H.
Published: June 2005

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Recent Developments in the Use of Supercritical CO2 in Synthetic Organic Chemistry
Authors: Furno Franck , Licence Peter , Howdle Steven M. , Poliakoff Martyn
Published: June 2005

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NMR of Liquid Crystals and Micellar Solutions
Authors: Monduzzi Maura
Published: June 2005

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Highly Enantioselective Construction of Quaternary Stereocenters on β‐Keto Esters by Phase‐Transfer Catalytic Asymmetric Alkylation and Michael Reaction.
Authors: Ooi Takashi , Miki Takashi , Taniguchi Mika , Shirashi Misato , Takeuchi Mifune , Maruoka Keiji
Published: June 2005

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Palladium‐Catalyzed, Carboxylic Acid Assisted Allylic Substitution of Carbon Nucleophiles with Allyl Alcohols as Allylating Agents in Water.
Authors: Manabe Kei , Kobayashi Shu
Published: June 2005

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Sonogashira Coupling Using Bulky Palladium‐Phenanthryl Imidazolium Carbene Catalysis.
Authors: Ma Yudao , Song Chun , Jiang Wei , Wu Quansheng , Wang Yong , Liu Xueying , Andrus Merritt B.
Published: June 2005

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Synthesis of Psoralen Analogues Based on Dibenzofuran.
Authors: Oliveira Ana M. A. G. , Raposo M. Manuela M. , Oliveira‐Campos Ana M. F. , Griffiths John , Machado Antonio E. H.
Published: June 2005

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Total Synthesis of the Polyenoyltetramic Acid Polycephalin C.
Authors: Longbottom Deborah A. , Morrison Angus J. , Dixon Darren J. , Ley Steven V.
Published: June 2005

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Carbonyl Compound Conversion under the Action of Diazophosphonates
Authors: Kuznetsova N. G. , Zlotsky S. S.
Published: June 2005

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TROSY: Transverse Relaxation‐Optimized Spectroscopy
Authors: Riek Roland
Published: June 2005

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Ab initio Predictions of Ferroelectric Ternary Fluorides with the LiNbO3 Structure.
Authors: Claeyssens Frederik , Oliva Josep M. , Sanchez‐Portal Daniel , Allan Neil L.
Published: June 2005

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Infrared Spectra and Structures of the Stable CuH‐2, AgH‐2, AuH‐2, and AuH‐4 Anions and the AuH2 Molecule.
Authors: Andrews Lester , Wang Xuefeng
Published: June 2005

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Hydrothermal Synthesis in the System Ni(OH)2—NiSO4: Nuclear and Magnetic Structures and Magnetic Properties of Ni3(OH)2(SO4)2 (H2O)2.
Authors: Vilminot Serge , Richard‐Plouet Mireille , Andre Gilles , Swierczynski Dariusz , Bouree‐Vigneron Francoise , Kurmoo Mohamedally
Published: June 2005

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Low‐Pressure Metal—Organic CVD of Transparent and p‐Type Conducting CuCrO2Thin Films with High Conductivity.
Authors: Mahapatra Suddhasatta , Shivashankar Srinivasrao A.
Published: June 2005

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Hydrothermal Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Four Scandium Phosphate Frameworks.
Authors: Bull Ivor , Young Victor , Teat Simon J. , Peng Luming , Grey Clare P. , Parise John B.
Published: June 2005

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Asymmetric Conjugate Addition Reactions of Allyl‐ and Crotylstannanes.
Authors: Williams David R. , Mullins Richard J. , Miller Nathan A.
Published: June 2005

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Enantioselective Michael Additions of β‐Keto Esters to α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds Catalyzed by a Chiral Biquinoline N,N′‐Dioxide‐Scandium Trifluoromethanesulfonate Complex.
Authors: Nakajima Makoto , Yamamoto Satoshi , Yamaguchi Yukiko , Nakamura Seiichi , Hashimoto Shunichi
Published: June 2005

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Asymmetric Catalysis. Part 149. Synthesis of New Chiral Tridentate Ligands for Enantioselective Catalysis.
Authors: Brunner Henri , Zettler Christian , Zabel Manfred
Published: June 2005

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N‐Bromosuccinimide and Iodine‐Catalyzed Highly Efficient Deoxygenation of Sulfoxides to Thioethers Using 3‐Mercaptopropionic Acid under Mild Reaction Conditions.
Authors: Karimi Babak , Zareyee Daryoush
Published: June 2005

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1,4‐Addition of Arylsiloxanes to Enones Catalyzed by Dicationic Palladium(II) Complexes in Aqueous Media.
Authors: Nishikata Takashi , Yamamoto Yasunori , Miyaura Norio
Published: June 2005

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A Novel Synthesis of Diallyloxymethanes.
Authors: Kulkarni Mukund G. , Davawala Saryu I. , Doke Aniruddha K. , Doke Ajit V.
Published: June 2005

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Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Cyclobutene Derivatives.
Authors: Yavari Issa , Bayat Mohammad
Published: June 2005

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Synthesis of Highly Substituted 1,3‐Dienes and 1,3,5‐Trienes by the Palladium‐Catalyzed Coupling of Vinylic Halides, Internal Alkynes, and Organoboranes.
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxia , Larock Richard C.
Published: June 2005

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Synthesis and Antiviral Activity of 4,6‐Di‐tert‐butyl‐2‐aminophenol Derivatives.
Authors: Shadyro O. I. , Sorokin V. L. , Ksendzova G. A. , Polozov G. I. , Nikolaeva S. N. , Pavlova N. I. , Savinova O. V. , Boreko E. I.
Published: June 2005

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O‐Arylmandelic Acids as Highly Selective Human PPAR α/γ Agonists.
Authors: Adams Alan D. , et al. et al.
Published: June 2005

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Syntheses of 2,5‐Dialkylfuran and Tetrahydrofuran Carbinols and Their Cytotoxic Activity.
Authors: Krauss Juergen , Unterreitmeier Doris , Antlsperger Dorothee
Published: June 2005

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Synthesis of Substituted 3‐Trifluoromethylbenzo[b]thiophenes.
Authors: Owton W. M.
Published: June 2005

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An Efficient Total Synthesis of 9‐Methoxycarbazole‐3‐carbaldehyde Based on a Novel Methodology for the Preparation of Methoxyindoles.
Authors: Selvakumar N. , Khera Manoj Kumar , Reddy B. Yadi , Srinivas D. , Azhagan A. Malar , Iqbal Javed
Published: June 2005

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A Practical Synthesis of Enantiopure (S)‐4‐(4‐Hydroxybenzyl)‐oxazolidin‐2‐one.
Authors: Green Rachel , Taylor Piers J. M. , Bull Steven D. , James Tony D. , Mahon Mary F. , Merritt Andy T.
Published: June 2005

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Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel 7‐Trifluoromethyl‐4‐(4‐substituted anilino)quinolines as Antiparasitic and Antineoplastic Agents.
Authors: Abadi Ashraf H. , Brun Reto
Published: June 2005

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One‐Pot Hydroformylation/Intramolecular Aldol Condensation Reactions of 1‐Allyl‐2‐carbonylpyrroles: A New Entry into Hydroindolizines Synthesis.
Authors: Settambolo Roberta , Miniati Sandra , Lazzaroni Raffaello
Published: June 2005

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Synthesis of Pyrrolo[2,3‐b]quinolines by Palladium‐Catalyzed Heteroannulation
Authors: Gee Moon Bae , Lee Won Jung , Yum Eul Kgun
Published: June 2005

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A Novel Asymmetric Reduction of Dihydro‐β‐carboline Derivatives Using Calix[6]arene/Chiral Amine as a Host Complex.
Authors: Santos Leonardo Silva , Fernandes Sergio Antonio , Pilli Ronaldo Aloise , Marsaioli Anita Jocelyne
Published: June 2005

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Novel Syntheses of 5‐Aminothieno[2,3‐c]pyridazine, Pyrimido[4′,5′:4,5]thieno[2,3‐c]pyridazine, Pyridazino[4′,3′:4,5]thieno[3,2‐d][1,2,3]triazine and Phthalazine Derivatives.
Authors: El‐Gaby Mohamed S. A. , El‐Dean Abdel M. Kamal , Gaber Abd El‐Aal M. , Eyada Hassan A. , Al‐Kamali Ahmed S. N.
Published: June 2005

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Purines, Pyrimidines, and Related Fused Systems. Part 20. Heterocyclizations of 6‐Alkynyl‐1,3‐dimethyllumazines. Synthesis of Pyrrole and Thiophene Analogues of Some Natural Pteridines.
Authors: Gulevskaya A. V. , Van Shee Dang , Pozharskii A. F.
Published: June 2005

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Macrocyclic Compounds Containing Three Pyrimidine Fragments
Authors: Mikhailov A. S. , Giniyatullin R. Kh. , Semenov V. E. , Reznik V. S. , Nafikova A. A. , Latypov Sh. K. , Efremov Yu. Ya. , Sharafutdinova D. R.
Published: June 2005

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Tandem Intermolecular—Intramolecular Carbolithiation: Application to the Synthesis of Silacyclopentanes.
Authors: Wei Xudong , Taylor Richard J. K.
Published: June 2005

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A General, Ring Closure Metathesis Based Enantiospecific Approach to Polyfunctional Eudesmane, Eremophilane and Agarofuran Sesquiterpenoids.
Authors: Mehta Goverdhan , Kumaran R. Senthil
Published: June 2005

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Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activity of A‐Ring Modified Betulinic Acid Derivatives.
Authors: You Young‐Jae , Kim Yong , Nam Nguyen‐Hai , Ahn Byung‐Zun
Published: June 2005

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(1S,2R/1R,2S)‐Aminocyclohexyl Glycyl Thymine PNA: Synthesis, Monomer Crystal Structures, and DNA/RNA Hybridization Studies.
Authors: Govindaraju T. , Gonnade Rajesh G. , Bhadbhade Mohan M. , Kumar Vaijayanti A. , Ganesh Krishna N.
Published: June 2005

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Enantiospecific Total Synthesis of 6‐epi‐(‐)‐Hamigeran B. Intramolecular Heck Reaction in a Sterically Constrained Environment.
Authors: Mehta Goverdhan , Shinde Harish M.
Published: June 2005

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Palladium—Alkyne Complexes
Authors: Takacs J. M. , Vayalakkada S. , Jiang X.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Dual Inhibition of Cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) and 5‐Lipoxygenase (5‐LOX) as a New Strategy to Provide Safer Non‐Steroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs
Authors: Charlier Caroline , Michau Catherine
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Acylplumbanes
Authors: Eagle P. A. C.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Organoplumbanamines and Related Compounds
Authors: Guiry P. J. , McCormack P. J.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Organoplumbane Sulfur Compounds
Authors: Guiry P. J. , McCormack P. J.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Cyclizations Involving Attack of Carbo‐ and Heteronucleophiles on Carbon—Carbon π‐Bonds Activated by Organopalladium Complexes
Authors: Balme Genevieve , Bouyssi Didier , Lomberget Thierry , Monteiro Nuno
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Cathode Ray Tube Phosphors
Authors: Ozawa Lyuji , Itoh Minoru
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Designing for Topical Delivery: Prodrugs Can Make the Difference
Authors: Sloan Kenneth B. , Wasdo Scott
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Structure and Properties of New Ionic Liquids Based on Alkyl‐ and Alkenyltrifluoroborates
Authors: Zhou Zhi‐Bin , Matsumoto Hajime , Tatsumi Kuniaki
Published: July 2005

A new series of low‐melting, low‐viscosity, hydrophilic ionic liquids, which comprise 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium ([EMI]+) and alkyl(alkenyl)trifluoroborate anions ([RBF3]−, R=n‐CmH2m+1 (m=1–5), CH2CH), were prepared and characterized. The phase‐transition behavior, thermal stability, density, viscosity, conductivity, and surface tension of these salts were measured. The influence of the structural variations, such as changing the length and fluorination of the alkyl chain (R) in the anion [RBF3]−, on the above properties was extensively investigated. The low viscosity of these [RBF3]− salts suggests that a high degree of freedom and/or a somewhat flat‐shaped feature in the anion make an important contribution to reducing the viscosity. The Walden products for each salt are not constant and vary with temperature, which suggests that the ions in these salts are not completely dissociated.
Cover Picture: Enhanced Operational Stability of the Up‐Conversion Fluorescence in Films of Palladium–Porphyrin End‐Capped Poly(pentaphenylene) (ChemPhysChem 7/2005)
Authors: Baluschev Stanislav , Jacob Josemon , Avlasevich Yuri S. , Keivanidis Panagiotis E. , Miteva Tzenka , Yasuda Akio , Nelles Gabriele , Grimsdale Andrew C. , Müllen Klaus , Wegner Gerhard
Published: July 2005

The cover picture shows poly(laddertype pentaphenylene) hosts end‐capped with palladium tetratolylporphyrin guest moieties. After absorption of photons (green arrows) in the singlet Q‐band of the porphyrin molecule, due to effective intersystem crossing, the porphyrin's long‐lived triplet state is populated. In their Communication on page 1250 Baluschev et al. consider the excited triplet states as a reservoir of excited states for the subsequent energy transfer (grey arrows) leading to up‐conversion photoluminescence (blue arrow) of the host molecules. Phosphorescence emission of the guest molecules is also observed (red arrow).
Comparative flow cytometric analysis of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) antibodies in human solid neoplasms
Authors: Teague Kim , El‐Naggar Adel
Published: June 2005

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), an auxiliary protein of DNA polymerise δ, associated with DNA synthesis, is increasingly used to determine tumor growth rate. To determine the growth fraction by PCNA, various antibodies and fixation procedures are being used. We assessed the flow‐cytametric measurement of PCNA using three monoclonal antibodies (PC 10, 19F4, and 19A2) and two fixation protocols (paraformaldehyde and methanol) in tissue‐culture cell lines and human solid neoplasms to determine their potential clinical application. Thirty‐one solid tumors and four normal tissues were analyzed, along with MOLT‐4 and HL‐60 cell lines as positive controls and normal peripheral blood lymphocytes as a negative control. PC 10 with methanol, fixation consistently detected higher PCNA positivity in human solid neoplasms than 19F4 and 19A2. Using PC10, the differences in positivity among fixation methods occurred in the G0/1 phase, not in S+G2M, of the cell cycle. No correlation was found between PCNA positivity and tumor grade and DNA ploidy in tumors analyzed. A statistical correlation was found between overall PCNA positivity and RNA content as determined by acridine orange analysis. The growth fraction by PCNA in solid neoplasms was most reliably determined by PC 10 with methanol fixation. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Single UV excitation of hoechst 33342 and ethidium bromide for simultaneous cell cycle analysis and viability determinations on in vitro cultures of murine B lymphocytes
Authors: Boltz R. C.“Dutch” , Fischer Paul A. , Wicker Linda S. , Peterson Laurence B.
Published: June 2005

Assessment of DNA content by flow cytometry has largely depended on staining techniques which do not permit exclusion of dead cells from the data set. During studies of B cell activation in vitro, the large number of nonviable cells greatly affects the cell cycle distribution and thus the accurate evaluation of proliferation flow cytometry. This report describes the development of two dual staining techniques which use Hoechst 33342 and ethidium bromide excited by a single UV source to eliminate dead cells from the DNA histogram of the viable cells in murine B cell cultures. Hoechst 33342 and 0. 62 μg/ml of ethidium bromide permit the evaluation of cell cycle distributions on the viable cells with a ratio gate. The combination of Hoechst 33342 and 6.2 μg/ml ethidium bromide results in the resolution of the two populations due to fluorescence energy transfer with a single PMT. Using this technique we demonstrated the simultaneous determination of DNA and RNA content on viable cells using only two PMTs. Both these techniques can be performed on either a laser or an arc lamp flow cytometer where CVs of less than 7% and as low as 3.2% are normally achieved. Determination of the S phase using these techniques produces a high correlation with DNA synthesis determined by radiolabeled precursor determination. These techniques permit the use of flow cytometry to determine proliferation during B cell activation. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Flow cytometric study of the type II pneumocyte cell cycle in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Uhal Bruce D.
Published: June 2005

The type II pneumocyte cell cycle was studied in vivo and in vitro through bivariate flow cytometric analysis of DNA content vs. incorporated 5–bromo‐2–deoxyuridine (BrdUrd). The cell cycle phase durations, Ts (7. 8 h) and TG2/M (1.1 h), measured in vivo, agreed well with earlier estimates obtained by thymidine labeling. Left unilateral pneumonectomy increased the BrdUrd labeling index of type II cells in the remaining lung from an initial value of 1.9 ± 0. 3% to 4.8 ± 1.0%, but had no effect on Ts or TG2/M in vivo. In both normal and pneumonectomized animals, BrdUrd‐positive cells in vivo rapidly completed mitosis but did not enter a second S‐phase. These results demonstrate that proliferating type II cells do not form a continuously cycling population in the normal or regenerating adult lung. When cell cycle parameters were measured in vitro immediately after type II cell isolation, Ts increased 2‐fold and TG2/M rose up to 10‐fold above the value obtained in vivo. After 2 d of primary culture under customary plating conditions, Ts had returned to the same value as that in vivo, but TG2/M remained elevated. Little variability was observed in the duration of S‐phase within each treatment group. In contrast, type II cells exhibited considerable heterogeneity in the rate of G2/M‐phase traverse, especially in vitro. These data suggest that the inability of adult rat type II pneumocytes to proliferate in primary culture is related to delayed G2/M‐phase transit and imply the existence of pneumocyte subpopulations which differ in susceptibility to growth arrest. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Streptavidin‐tricolor is a reliable marker for nonviable cells subjected to permeabilization or fixation
Authors: Levelt Christiaan N. , Eichmann Klaus
Published: June 2005

Cell death is normally accompanied by loss of integrity of the cell membrane. Concomitant loss of osmotic pressure and permeability for DNA binding dyes like propidium iodide make it possible to distinguish viable from nonviable cells. However, after permeabilization for intracellular staining or after fixation of the cells, we find that propidium iodide leaks out of nonviable cells and is transferred to formerly viable cells. Cell size cannot be used for examining viability in permeabilized or heterogeneous cell populations. Here we show that streptavidintricolor enters specifically and irreversibly into dead cells, and is not transferred to formerly viable cells after fixation or permeabilization. Therefore, streptavidin‐tricolor can be a useful dead‐cell marker in experimental situations where conventional methods fail to distinguish between viable and nonviable cells. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Flow cytometric detection of apoptosis: Comparison of the assays of in situ DNA degradation and chromatin changes
Authors: Hotz Michel A. , Gong Jianping , Traganos Frank , Darzynkiewicz Zbigniew
Published: June 2005

The aim of this study was to compare three methods of detection of apoptotic cells: (1) the method based on elution of low molecular weight DNA from the ethanol fixed cells followed by cell staining with DAPI (diamidino‐2–phenylindole) or propidium iodide as the DNA fluorochromes, (2) the method of in situ labeling of DNA strand breaks with biotinylated dUTP, utilizing exogenous terminal deoxyribonucleotide transferase, and (3) the method of analysis of DNA denaturation in situ using acridine orange to differentially stain denatured and doublestranded DNA sections following cell exposure to 0.1 M HCl. Cells of the human promyelocytic HL‐60 line, treated in vitro with the DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor camptothecin, which selectively triggers apoptosis of S‐phase cells, were chosen as a model. The method based on analysis of changes in DNA denaturability was the most sensitive in terms of detection of the earliest changes in chromatin of cells undergoing apoptosis; the increased sensitivity of DNA to denaturation in Sphase cells was measured as early as 100 min after addition of camptothecin. DNA cleavage, assayed either by the univariate measurement of DNA content following extraction of low molecular weight DNA, or by labeling DNA strand breaks with biotinylated dUTP, was detected in S‐phase cells after 120 min incubation with camptothecin. The percentage of apoptotic cells at the late stage of apoptosis, the kinetics of cell transition to apoptosis, and kinetics of the loss of S phase cells were all essentially similar when measured by any method. All three methods can be used to estimate the cell cycle phase specificity of apoptosis, although the method based on DNA strand labeling with biotinylated dUTP by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase has the advantage of making it possible to estimate the cell cycle distribution of both the apoptotic and unaffected cell populations. The latter method also appears to be the most specific in terms of detection of apoptosis. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multiple labeling using two‐color immunofluorescence with only one light source, two fluorescence photomultiplier tubes, and two light scatter detectors
Authors: Mansour Issam , Jarraya Mohamed A. , Gane Pierre , Reznikoff Marie F.
Published: June 2005

Multiple labeling is necessary for the detailed phenotyping of cells in many biological systems in human and animal species. In a previous report, we described an approach permitting the study of three labels simultaneously by using the two‐color immunofluorescence and one light source (Mansour et al., Cytometry 11:636–641, 1990). This approach allowed enumeration of cell subpopulations positive for only one label and negative for many others (X+A−B− …︁). We here present an improvement of the previous approach to allow analysis of double positive phenotypes (X+Y+A−B− …︁), using only two fluorescence photomultiplier tubes arid light scatter detectors. It consists of a two‐step analysis that does not require additional material than that used in the former technique. Briefly, all antibodies are conjugated to only, two flurochromes: either FITC or PE. For the analysis of the X+Y+A−B− …︁ phenoytpe, the Y, A and B labels are all coupled to the same dye (FITC, e. g.) and the × label to the other dye (i. e, PE). In a first step, cells are labeled with X, A, and B, and in a second step, the second positive (Y) label is added. Two examples are supplied: CD56+CD2+CD3−CD16− decidua infiltrating cells and CD3+TCR∂+CD4−CD8−peripheral blood lymphocytes. This technique is useful for qualitative as well as quantitative analysis, with cytometers that do not have the appropriate hardware to do true three‐color immunofluorescence analysis. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An experimental model of affinity cell separation
Authors: Nordon Robert E. , Milthorpe Bruce K. , Schindhelm Klaus , Slowiaczek Peter R.
Published: June 2005

Cell affinity separations are based on the selective attachment of cell pheno‐type using antibody or lectins specific for cell surface markers. The major physico‐chemical factors which influence ligand‐mediated cell adhesion dynamics and the efficiency of cell affinity separation have been examined. Uniform cell detachment forces were generated with a parallel‐plate flow cell (plate separation 100 μm, surface area 3 cm2). Hydrodynamic shear stress was used to measure cell adhesion strength and to separate cells on the basis of surface affinity. Human cell lines grown in tissue culture were separated on a flat derivatised glass immunoadsorbent which formed the floor of the flow chamber. Flow‐cell residence time, detachment shear stress, temperature, and ligand density were shown to influence cell attachment probability. An understanding of the physical basis of ligand‐mediated cell adhesion provided a rationale for optimisation of affinity cell separation. At room temperature attachment of positive cells was rapid (<2 min) and adhesion strength was directly related to immunoadsorbent ligand density. Purity and recovery of enriched fractions were dependent on the separation shear stress and could be optimised using this parameter. Enrichment factors were greater than 100‐fold, with at least 90% of positive cells recovered in enriched fractions. Enrichment purity and yields did not decline at higher loading densities (105 cells/cm2). Selective immunoadsorbent surface chemistry is a prerequisite for efficient affinity cell separation. Purity and recovery may be optimised by fractionating enriched and depleted cell populations with uniform fluid shear stress. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enumeration of CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells for reconstitution following myeloablative therapy
Authors: Roscoe R. A. , Rybka W. B. , Winkelstein A. , Houston A. M. , Kiss J. E.
Published: June 2005

The CD34+ cell fraction of bone marrow and blood contains the hematopoietic stem cells required for marrow reconstitution following myeloablative therapy. Because they are present in small numbers, accurate quantification is often difficult. We have developed a reproducible and sensitive flow cytometric method for CD34+ enumeration of both bone marrow harvests and peripheral blood stem cell collections. The total numbers of harvested cells are enumerated by particle counting. A measured aliquot is stained with two FITC‐labeled anti‐CD34 antibodies, one directed against 8G12 and the other against QBend epitope. To eliminate cells committed to mature lineages (lin+), the suspension is counterstained with a cocktail of PE‐labeled antibodies including CD3 (T cells), CD19 (B cells), CD11b (neutrophils), and CD14 (monocytes). Particles < μm in diameter are excluded by use of a standard bead gate. Regions are established using unstained U937 cells to set the vertical axis and PE stained U937 cells for the horizontal axis. Because of the low numbers of CD34+ cells, 20,000 events/sample are analyzed. Dilutions of KG‐1A tumor cells (CD34+) in U937 cells showed a threshold of detection of 0.1% CD34+ lin‐ cells. Duplicate samples varied by <10%. Initial studies indicate that this procedure can be reliably used to measure CD34+ lin‐cells in blood, pheresis products, and bone marrow harvests. This CD34 enumeration procedure should result in increased consistency in enumerating this stem cell population. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tumor cell kinetics in mixed populations
Authors: Ritter Mark A. , Albrechtson Jennifer L. , Kim Youngmi J. , Kinsella Timothy J.
Published: June 2005

The delayed biopsy, relative movement method provides a rapid estimate of in situ potential doubling times in human tumors. The accuracy of the estimate, however, can be adversely influenced by normal diploid cells that are present in tumor biopsy specimens and have DNA profiles that overlap their tumor cell counterparts. Interference with the measurement of tumor cell kinetic parameters can result, the magnitude of which depends upon the DNA index and the proportion and labeling index of these normal cells.

Two approaches that address this problem were explored in vitro: (1) A normal cell subtraction method was developed in which adjacent normal tissue and tumor are biopsied concurrently and are separately processed for flow cytometric analysis. Results are integrated to allow an approximate correction for the normal, diploid population's perturbation of the measurement of tumor labeling index and relative movement. This approach was examined in this present study through extensive testing in mixtures of various proportions of two in vitro cell lines. (2) The percent S phase method, developed by Durand, was examined in these same population mixtures, as well as separately in each population. Both methods provide reliable estimates of kinetics in mixed in vitro populations. The relative advantages and disadvantages of each, as well as the potential limitations if extended to in vivo measurements, are discussed. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
DNA content distribution of mouse cells following infection with polyoma virus
Authors: Lehman John M. , Laffin Judith , Friedrich Thomas D.
Published: June 2005

Infection of primary to tertiary mouse embryo fibroblasts or mouse kidney cells with polyoma virus leads to stimulation of cellular DNA synthesis. When either confluent or growing mouse cells were infected, the monolayer cells were found to accumulate cells with a DNA content of S and G2/M phases of the cell cycle as assayed by flow cytometry. A similar pattern of DNA content was also observed in cells in the supernatant, which are probably cells replicating virus and dying. When compared with control cells, the infected monolayer and supernatant cells exhibited a population (5–27%) with a >G2 DNA content. The increase in DNA content of these >G2 cells was calculated to be an average of 26.7%, which is probably due to viral DNA. Polyoma contrasts with another papovavirus, SV40, which stimulates cells into DNA synthesis, with the majority of cells attaining a >G2/tetraploid DNA content, suggesting that there are differences in polyploidization between these two viruses. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fluorescence array detector for large‐field quantitative fluorescence cytometry
Authors: Wittrup K. D. , Westerman R. J. , Desai R.
Published: June 2005

A prototypic fluorescence array detector (FAD) has been designed and constructed which is capable of quantifying single‐cell fluorescence emissions from a statistically significant population of cell‐sized objects (over 103) on a solid substrate. The system is comprised of a cryogenically cooled CCD, 50 mW air‐cooled argon ion laser, and optics that image a large (1 × 1 cm) field at 1:1 (no magnification). The CCD is effectively treated as a two‐dimensional array of 2.7 × 105 independent 20 × 20 μm photodetectors, with each cell‐sized object imaged across only a few CCD pixels. Algorithms have been developed for focusing, image segmentation, shading correction, and noise rejection; performance data for the FAD with fluorescent calibration beads are presented. The FAD is a simple alternative to microscope‐based imaging cytometry, allowing large‐field imaging without a scanning stage. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Apparatus for high‐precision repetitive sequential optical measurement of living cells
Authors: Deutsch M. , Weinreb A.
Published: June 2005

A system is described which permits the repetitive spectroscopic measurement of individual cells within a population of many cells, while the location of each cell is preserved during various manipulations of the cells and/or their surrounding medium. The central mechanical feature of the system is the cell carrier, a matrix of apertures in which the cells become trapped. The detector electronics operate in a preset photon counting mode, permitting the measurement of low and high light intensities with the same degree of precision. The present instrument configuration is specifically designed for the accurate and precise measurement of the polarization of fluorescence of probes within living cells for application to routine performance of the Cercek SCM test for cancer. With modifications, the apparatus can be applied to a wide range of other clinical and research tasks. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lissajous‐like patterns in scatter plots of calibration beads
Authors: Doornbos R. M. P. , Hoekstra A. G. , Deurloo K. E. I. , De Grooth B. G. , Sloot P. M. A. , Greve J.
Published: June 2005

Flow cytometric measurements of light scattering of polystyrene calibration beads revealed remarkable Lissajous‐like loops in two‐parameter scatter plots. The existence of such loops is shown to be in qualitative agreement with Lorenz‐Mie scattering theory of homogeneous spheres. The occurrence of these patterns reflects the extreme particle size dependency of perpendicular light scattering of homogeneous spheres. These effects may give an explanation for the frequently observed phenomenon that polystyrene spheres reveal a relatively large CV in the perpendicular light scattering signals, whereas the CV of the forward light scattering signal is small. We conclude that one should be careful to optimize the perpendicular light scattering channel by minimizing the CV, because there is no linear relationship between instrument alignment quality and the CV of the perpendicular light scattering signals of calibration beads. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.