bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Data Mining in Fault Diagnosis for Substation Based on Kohonen and BP Network
Authors: Jiang Hui-Lan  , Qian Guang-Chao  , Shi Jian-Sheng
Published: February 2025

Fault diagnosis is essentially a kind of data mining. In order to meet the requirements of rapid diagnosis and fault-tolerance for Substation Fault Diagnosis, a combination of the improved Kohonen neural network and the BP network is presented in this paper. Considering that the fault information vector should be centered around the main fault device, we modified the distance function of Kohonen network. Fault data are classified through a modified Kohonen network, achieving initial classification by bring similar information together. Then, it is precisely determined through the BP sub-network. Experiments showed that, compared with single BP network, the combination network has a higher diagnosis ability and good fault-tolerance.
Construction and Optimization of Intention Recognition Model Based on IFPN
Authors: Shen Xiao-Yong  , Li Jin  , Shi Zhao-Hui  , Wang Yi
Published: February 2025

A model based on intuition fuzzy petri nets (IFPN) aiming at the dynamic and uncertain problem of tactical intention recognition is proposed and the parameters are optimized. Firstly, the author describes the situation characteristics and intention patterns of Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets, constructs a intuitionistic fuzzy rules-table and extracts logic relation and decision-making rules; accordingly, an algorithm of rules extraction is given, and the IFPN model of intention recognition is formed. In order to improve rational precision, the error back propagation (BP) algorithm is introduced to the parameters-optimized process of IFPN. Finally, the feasibility and validity of the proposed algorithms are presented by an instance.
Local Point of Interest Recommendation Based on Probability
Authors: Zhang Miao  , Yin Shi-Qun  , Sun Meng-Meng  , Gao Sheng
Published: February 2025

The popularity of smart phones and the maturity of positioning technology spawn location-based social network (LBSN). The vast amounts of information assigns the location-based social network recommendation system a pivotal role. Current local point of interest recommendation algorithms often encounter two problems: synonymous site recognition and sparse data recognition. This paper proposes a local point of interest recommendation which regards the recommendation problem as a probability problem and uses categorical information to solve these problems, considering user preferences, time, distance and the popularity of a location during recommendation. Using Gowalla data, the experiment compares the proposed method to three other typical methods. The results indicate that our method has better performance and can provide a better user experience.
Differential Evolution Algorithm Based on Classification and Cross-combination
Authors: Zhang Zhong-Ping  , Jia Qian-Nan  , Deng Chang-Shou
Published: February 2025

The differential evolution algorithm is a heuristic random search optimization algorithm based on population differences; however, due to the different natures of different optimization problems, the applicability of the algorithm is limited. This paper is based on the existing algorithms, and uses heuristics thinking to improve the algorithm for blind and random optimization problems, without pertinence of the targets. Additionally, this paper introduces a concept of classification and numerical optimization problems are divided into two categories by analysis of the problem characteristics: basic combination problems and complex transformation problems. Then, a suitable method is chosen for each optimization problem corresponding to the problem category. Simultaneously, cross-combination is integrated into multiple mutation strategies and parameters for the target population to expand the search scope, quickly and accurately converging to the best solution. Then, a differential evolution algorithm based on classification and cross-combination is proposed. Finally, the effectiveness of this method is verified using the test functions set of CEC'05.
A DBA Algorithm Supporting Peer-to-Peer Communication in Multi-cluster WDM-OFDM-PON
Authors: Liu Jing-Dan  , Zhang Min  , Nie Hai-Tao  , Li Ze  , Wang Dan-Shi
Published: February 2025

With the growing requirements of network bandwidth and service classes, the technologies of wavelength division multiplex (WDM) and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) are promisingly selected in the next generation passive optical network (NG-PON). Additionally, the peer-to-peer (P2P) communication is becoming more important in the future. In this paper, a multi-cluster WDM-OFDM-PON architecture used for P2P communication and 5G networks is proposed. Especially, the bandwidth-variable wavelength selective switch (BV-WSS) will improve the network performance, due to its scalable technology. So the proposed architecture will provide high speed and high network throughput. At the same time, one performance assessment scheme of a dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) algorithm for this architecture is proposed. Considering the diversities of various services including the P2P traffic, the DBA algorithm is aware of the fairness of different users and classes of service (CoS). Simulation results of the proposed DBA algorithm in this WDM-OFDM-PON architecture show the reductions of traffic delay and increments of the network upstream throughput.
Modeling the Data Flow Application Specific Integrated Circuit with SystemC
Authors: Yin Shu-Juan  , Li Xiang-Yu  , Li Han
Published: February 2025

The data flow computation is friendly to parallel processing. However, modeling of an asynchronous data flow processor in very-large-scale-integrated-circuit (VLSI) design often needs specific tools. This paper will propose a data flow architecture and a modeling method that uses common describe language-SystemC. The proposed architecture is composed of some similar units, called hold-match-fetch components. The model involves SystemC models of tokens, channels, operation units and hold-match-fetch components. The architecture and modeling method were used in a data flow advanced-encryption-standard (AES) application-specified-integrated-circuit (ASIC) implementation successfully.
Research on Drilling Technique of Permanent Magnet Motor Direct-Drive Winch Based on Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Liu Kai  , Zhang Bing-Yi  , Feng Gui-Hong  , Liu Jia-Rong
Published: February 2025

With respect to the automatic drilling control of geological winch motor, the paper proposes a novel control method based on fuzzy theory for winch motor drive. The paper analyzes the operation principle of automatic drilling systems. It designs a novel winch motor drive system based on a Permanent Magnet Motor (PMM). The paper proposes an intelligent fuzzy logic algorithm that could be applied to the winch motor automatic drilling system in order to replace the traditional PID control algorithm. The system based on fuzzy logic settles the conundrum of the instability of winch motor drilling pressure caused by time-delay, time-variability and nonlinearity of controlled objects. The results prove fuzzy logic can pledge the stability of the winch motor drilling pressure, and the drilling system is efficient in operating. The research is beneficial to geological winch motor automatic drilling control both in theory and in technology.
Fuzzy Logic Controller for Static Synchronous Compensator to Enhance Voltage Stability of Power Systems
Authors: Zhu Yu-Nan  , Xu Qing  , Liu Jian  , Tian Zheng-Qi  , Zhou Chao
Published: February 2025

This paper investigated mathematical modelling and control scheme of Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) based on fuzzy logic controller. At first, based on switching functions, a mathematic model of STATCOM in the form of a matrix was presented. Then, to overcome the problem of lacking an accurate model of a power system with STATCOM, a fuzzy logic PI controller was established in the feedback loop circuit. The membership function of the fuzzy logic controller was gained through the collection of experimental data. The proposed control scheme and the mathematic model were validated by MATLAB simulation, which showed that STATCOM with the designed fuzzy logic controller was able to improve the transient stability and voltage stability of power systems effectively.
Implementation of a Decision Support System for Interpretation of Laboratory Tests for Patients
Authors: Semenov Ilya  , Kopanitsa Georgy
Published: February 2025

The paper presents the results of the development and implementation of an expert system that automatically generates doctors' letters based on the results of laboratory tests. Medical knowledge is expressed using a first order predictate logic based language. The system was implemented and evaluated in the Helix laboratory service.
Economic Evaluation of Health IT
Authors: Luzi Daniela  , Pecoraro Fabrizio  , Tamburis Oscar
Published: February 2025

Economic evaluation in health care supports decision makers in prioritizing interventions and maximizing the available limited resources for social benefits. Health Information Technology (health IT) constitutes a promising strategy to improve the quality and delivery of health care. However, to determine whether the appropriate health IT solution has been selected in a specific health context, its impact on the clinical and organizational process, on costs, on user satisfaction as well as on patient outcomes, a rigorous and multidimensional evaluation analysis is necessary. Starting from the principles of evaluation introduced since the mid-1980s within the Health Technology Assessment (HTA) guidelines, this contribution provides an overview of the main challenging issues related to the complex task of performing an economic evaluation of health IT. A set of necessary key principles to deliver a proper design and implementation of a multidimensional economic evaluation study is described, focusing in particular on the classification of costs and outcomes as well as on the type of economic analysis to be performed. A case study is eventually described to show how the key principles introduced are applied.
Evaluating the Impact of Health IT on Medication Safety
Authors: Seidling Hanna M.  , Bates David W.
Published: February 2025

Health IT is becoming an increasingly powerful tool for improving medication safety. While errors may happen at all stages of the medication process, different tools have been developed to support the prescribing process (e.g. computerized prescribing with decision support), the dispensing process (e.g. barcoding or automated dispensing and unit-dose systems), or the administration process (e.g. electronic medication administration records and smart pumps). Health IT can reduce medication error and preventable adverse drug event rates by increasing documentation quality and transparency, enhancing accuracy and correctness of the medication process, and supporting information exchange and interlinking different stages of the medication process. Typical evaluated endpoints comprise process-related outcomes such as number of medication errors, harm-related outcomes such as adverse drug events, or cost-related outcomes. Typical study design to measure effectiveness of health IT in medication safety comprises before-after studies and randomized controlled trials. However, implementation is challenging; it often has a major impact on the overall workflow and such technologies must be carefully introduced and their effects must be closely monitored in order to achieve the desired reductions, as in addition to preventing errors they nearly always introduce new ones. As complex interventions, their impact depends crucially on the real world setting and the implementation details and thus, transferability of study results is variable.
Health IT for Patient Safety and Improving the Safety of Health IT
Authors: Magrabi Farah  , Ong Mei-Sing  , Coiera Enrico
Published: February 2025

Alongside their benefits health IT applications can pose new risks to patient safety. Problems with IT have been linked to many different types of clinical errors including prescribing and administration of medications; as well as wrong-patient, wrong-site errors, and delays in procedures. There is also growing concern about the risks of data breach and cyber-security. IT-related clinical errors have their origins in processes undertaken to design, build, implement and use software systems in a broader sociotechnical context. Safety can be improved with greater standardization of clinical software and by improving the quality of processes at different points in the technology life cycle, spanning design, build, implementation and use in clinical settings. Oversight processes can be set up at a regional or national level to ensure that clinical software systems meet specific standards. Certification and regulation are two mechanisms to improve oversight. In the absence of clear standards, guidelines are useful to promote safe design and implementation practices. Processes to identify and mitigate hazards can be formalised via a safety management system. Minimizing new patient safety risks is critical to realizing the benefits of IT.
Finding, Appraising and Interpreting the Evidence of Health IT
Authors: Georgiou Andrew
Published: February 2025

Evidence-based health informatics can be described as a scientific approach to meeting the multiplicity of tasks involved in the development, implementation and sustainability of health information technologies (IT). The practice of evidence-based health informatics incorporates methods to help find, appraise and utilise research-based knowledge. The aim of this contribution is to describe the steps of finding, appraising and interpreting the evidence of health IT. It lists major sources of literature in the health field, and highlights a number of considerations for undertaking reviews, drawing on some key landmark reviews that have helped to shape the health informatics discipline. It also considers key issues highlighted by these reviews particularly in regard to the validity of findings, their generalisability and their impact on patient outcomes. The contribution also provides suggestions for tackling the challenge of potential publication bias, and how to deal with heterogeneous findings.
User Interface Design in Medical Distributed Web Applications
Authors: Serban Alexandru  , Crisan-Vida Mihaela  , Mada Leonard  , Stoicu-Tivadar Lacramioara
Published: February 2025

User interfaces are important to facilitate easy learning and operating with an IT application especially in the medical world. An easy to use interface has to be simple and to customize the user needs and mode of operation. The technology in the background is an important tool to accomplish this. The present work aims to creating a web interface using specific technology (HTML table design combined with CSS3) to provide an optimized responsive interface for a complex web application. In the first phase, the current icMED web medical application layout is analyzed, and its structure is designed using specific tools, on source files. In the second phase, a new graphic adaptable interface to different mobile terminals is proposed, (using HTML table design (TD) and CSS3 method) that uses no source files, just lines of code for layout design, improving the interaction in terms of speed and simplicity. For a complex medical software application a new prototype layout was designed and developed using HTML tables. The method uses a CSS code with only CSS classes applied to one or multiple HTML table elements, instead of CSS styles that can be applied to just one DIV tag at once. The technique has the advantage of a simplified CSS code, and a better adaptability to different media resolutions compared to DIV-CSS style method. The presented work is a proof that adaptive web interfaces can be developed just using and combining different types of design methods and technologies, using HTML table design, resulting in a simpler to learn and use interface, suitable for healthcare services.
Estimating normal and abnormal activities using smartphones
Authors: Chatzaki Charikleia  , Pediaditis Matthew  , Vavoulas George  , Tsiknakis Manolis
Published: February 2025

The main objective of this study is to propose a computational pipeline for the recognition of normal and abnormal activities based on smartphone accelerometer data. Methods and techniques that have been previously evaluated are further evolved and applied for the recognition of a large set of separate activities as well as a sequence of activities simulating a common scenario of daily living as a more realistic approach. For these purposes, the MobiAct dataset which encompass a set of normal activities of daily living (ADLs) and abnormal activities (falls) was used. The results show a classification accuracy of 99% for the recognition of separate ADLs, while a reduction of 5% is observed for the recognition of the scenarios.
Micro-Nano-Bio Diagnostic System for Food Pathogen Detection Revolutionizes Food Safety Management & Protects Consumers Health
Authors: Gogolides Evangelos  , Tserepi Angeliki  , Jobst Gerhard  , Friedt Jean-Michel  , Rabus David  , Dupuy Bruno  , Bilkova Zuzana  , Descroix Stephanie  , Viovy Jean-Louis  , Papadakis George  , Gizeli Electra
Published: February 2025

The development of integrated, fast and affordable platforms for pathogen detection is an emerging area where a multidisciplinary approach is necessary for designing microsystems employing miniaturized devices; these new technologies promise a significant advancement of the current state of analytical testing leading to improved healthcare. In this work, the development of a lab-on-chip microsystem platform for the genetic analysis of Salmonella in milk samples is presented. The heart of the platform is an acoustic detection biochip, integrated with a microfluidic module. This detection platform is combined with a micro-processor, which, alongside with magnetic beads technology and a DNA micro-amplification module, are responsible for performing sample pre-treatment, bacteria lysis, nucleic acid purification and amplification. Automated, multiscale manipulation of fluids in complex microchannel networks is combined with novel sensing principles developed by some of the partners. This system is expected to have a significant impact in food-pathogen detection by providing for the first time an integrated detection test for Salmonella screening in a very short time. Finally, thanks to the low cost and compact technologies involved, the proposed set-up is expected to provide a competitive analytical platform for direct application in field settings.
Kansai International Airport, future settlements
Authors: Juárez-Badillo Eulalio
Published: February 2025

The general equation provided by the Principle of Natural Proportionality (PNP) for the evolution of the settlement of embankments is applied to the experimental data of the Kansai International Airport (KIA) built in an artificial island 5 km from Osaka in Japan. The general equations provided by the PNP have been proven to describe the mechanical behaviour of geomaterials: solids, liquids and gases. They have been applied to rocks, concrete and granular and fine soils. The application of this general equation to the settlement data of a friction–piled box foundation in Mexico City clay is also included.
Estimation of in-situ moduli of deep soil cement using P-S logger
Authors: Porbaha Ali  , Ghaheri Farid  , Puppala Anand J.
Published: February 2025

This study applies the borehole geophysical technique using P-S suspension seismic velocity logger to measure the in-situ compression (P) and shear (S) wave seismic velocity of a deep mixed soil cement treated ground. The wave velocity profiles obtained from the field are used to estimate the in-situ elastic properties, such as Young's modulus, shear modulus, and bulk modulus to be used in seismic design. The concept of P-S suspension log, details of the instrumentation, testing procedure and analysis are presented in detail.
Embankment project on soft subsoil with grouted stone columns and geogrids
Authors: Heitz C.  , Kempfert H.-G.  , Alexiew D.
Published: February 2025

During the years 1993 to 1995, the 150 year old railway between Berlin and Hamburg was upgraded to allow a speed of 200 km/h and heavy loads. Westwards of Berlin the railway passes for 13 km an area with deposits of soft organic soils. An embankment on grouted stone columns with one layer of geogrid reinforcement was constructed. Shortly after the end of the reconstruction settlements and ballast bed deformations started. For this reason and also due to the general need of further upgrading a second reconstruction stage was planned. Extensive investigations (three-dimensional numerical studies, pull-out and geogrid-geogrid shear tests etc.) were carried out. The final developed cross section is an optimum of system behaviour and constructability. In summer 2003 the entire stretch was rebuilt in only eight weeks and put into operation again. The paper describes the results of the investigations, the design and the construction of the track. In addition first in situ measurement results are given.
Effects of reinforcement stiffness on deformation of rein-forced soil structures under small cyclic loading
Authors: Uchimura T.  , Mizuhashi M.
Published: February 2025

When a reinforced soil structure is used for supporting a heavy important structure with a severe limit of deformation, it is quite essential to restrain its deformation against cyclic live load as well as heavy dead load. In cases of reinforced soil pier and abutments supporting bridges for railway or highway, a huge number of cyclic loads with relatively small amplitude is applied, and the residual deformation may accumulate to a harmful level. In this study, scaled models of reinforced soil pier were tested with cyclic loading. The total amount of the reinforcement was changed to see its effects on the deformation of the structure due to small amplitude cyclic loading. The elastic modulus of a reinforced soil structure against cyclic loading with a small amplitude is not clearly affected by the total stiffness of the reinforcement. The stress level dependency of the elastic modulus of the backfill material is much more effective. Most of the residual deformation during cyclic loading is due to creep deformation which is caused by high average stress level during the cyclic loading procedures, rather than accumulation of plastic strain generated by each loading cycle. The residual deformation can be restrained to a smaller level when the total stiffness of the reinforcement is higher.
Mobilization of the earth resistance of a normally consolidated cohesive soils
Authors: Gebreselassie Berhane  , Kempfert H.-G.
Published: February 2025

Much experimental work has not been so far done to study the effect of the wall movement on earth pressure in cohesive soils in general let alone in soft cohesive soils. On the other hand, a lot of experimental works have been conducted on sand. The attempt on all the model tests on sand was to develope a mobilization function of the passive resistance dependent on the wall displacement. The paper presents an attempt to develop a soil stiffness dependent mobilization function of the earth resistance of normally consolidated soft soils numerically using the FEM. Three types of the wall movement had been investigated. These are: parallel translation, rotation of the wall about the head and the toe.
Design and numerical investigations of a deep excavation for a tunnel entrance pit
Authors: Raithel M.  , Gebreselassie Berhane  , Müller S.  , Pahl F.
Published: February 2025

For the crossing of the Trave river in Lübeck, Germany, a new shield tunnel is constructed to replace the existing Bridge. At its entrance the tunnel changes into an open 130 m long pit. In order to carry out the excavation of the open pit, it was necessary to remove the existing access road of the bridge and redirect the existing federal highway to a temporarily constructed road on a 12.5 m high cofferdam. This results in a total height difference of about 25 m from the top of the cofferdam to the bottom of the open excavation. In order to analyse the unpredicted deformations during the execution of the excavation, a numerical analysis of the excavation was performed. The paper presents the construction and design of the retaining structures together with the 12.5 m high cofferdam and shows a detailed description of the boundary conditions and the execution of the numerical computations. Typical result of the field measurement are graphically plotted and described in comparison with the results of the numerical computations. Finally, the measures required for the completion of the excavation without any danger of excessive deformations are discussed and presented.
Modélisation du tassement résiduel de structures géotechniques soumises à des chargements à grand nombre de cycles
Authors: Abdelkrim M.  , Bonnet G.  , de Buhan P.
Published: February 2025

Les infrastructures de transport subissent des tassements résiduels provoqués par les charges de trafic auxquelles elles sont soumises. Ceci est dû aux déformations permanentes développées par les matériaux constitutifs, généralement de type granulaire, mises en évidence expérimentalement sur des essais triaxiaux cycliques. Partant de la formulation d'une loi de comportement cyclique fondée sur de tels essais, cette communication propose une approche de type calcul des structures, qui permet de simuler l'évolution du tassement résiduel sous chargement répété à grand nombre de cycles de ce type de structures géotechniques.
Permeability of lightweight treated soil mixed with air foam
Authors: Kikuchi Y.  , Otani J.  , Mukunoki T.  , Yoshino H.  , Nagatome T.
Published: February 2025

Lightweight treated soil mixed with air foam is proposed for application in waterfront construction. The permeability of the material is an important characteristic governing changes in the mechanical properties and the possibility of ground water pollution. In this paper, several kinds of permeability tests were conducted and the permeability mechanism was observed using X-ray CT scanner. We concluded that the permeability of lightweight treated soil mixed with air foam is governed by the clay mixed with cement and that the air voids are compressible, impermeable media.
Caractérisation des sédiments de la pente continentale du Golfe de Guinée
Authors: Puech A.  , Dendani H.  , Meunier J.  , Nauroy J.-F.
Published: February 2025

Cette communication porte sur la caractérisation géotechnique des sédiments rencontrés par plus de 450 m d'eau sur la pente continentale du Golfe de Guinée. Indépendamment de leur position géographique et de la profondeur d'eau, ces sols ont en commun un certain nombre de propriétés physiques et mécaniques qui les distinguent d'autres sols de mers profondes. La revue porte sur 10 sites en traitant plus particulièrement des propriétés physiques, de la résistance au cisaillement non drainé et de l'état de contrainte in situ. La plupart de ces propriétés spécifiques n'ont pas reçu d'explication satisfaisante à ce jour et des efforts de recherche sont nécessaires pour comprendre et prédire le comportement de ces matériaux.
Multilevel subsea piezometer system
Authors: Strout J.M.  , Sparrevik P.M.
Published: February 2025

A piezometer for the measurement of pore pressures at multiple levels in seabed sediments has been developed. The design, verification and field testing of the developed equipment is described herein. The multilevel piezometer design is modular and fully autonomous, containing one or more sensor and power modules, and a micro data logger accessible at the seabed. The number of measurement levels and the duration of the deployment are scalable. Water depths up to 1500m can be accommodated. The instrument can be deployed by direct penetration into the seabed, or by embedment in a grout column in a traditional borehole. Although developed for subsea applications, the system may also be deployed for traditional onshore geotechnical applications.
Re-use of existing piles, Belgrave House, London
Authors: Vaziri Mohsen
Published: February 2025

This paper describes the application of re-using piled foundations to a development site in London, Belgrave House. The project involved the demolition of an existing seven-storey building followed by the construction of a new six-storey building. The existing building was founded on straight-shafted and under-ream piles in London clay.
Densification/compression by compaction of a granular geomaterial changed by crushing dewatered sludge with air
Authors: Nakai K.  , Nakano M.  , Kaneda K.  , Arai Y.
Published: February 2025

To improve the construction surplus soil and to use the soil as a geomaterial, a densification technology of soil with high water content such as dewatered sludge is studied. The densification is brought by the change from the ‘consolidation material’ like clay to the ‘compactable material’ like sand. The soil is crushed with air to an assembly of clay pebbles, the water content of which is ease to decrease, and therefore the assembly can be compacted to high density without long consolidation time. The soil became low compressible and had high shear resistance, which can be describe by Super/subloading Yield Surface model.
Infiltration dans une argile de barrière compactée non saturée
Authors: Taïbi S.  , Sayad-Gaïdi C.  , Fleureau J.M.
Published: February 2025

Des mesures du coefficient de perméabilité relative en fonction du degré de saturation ont été réalisées sur une argile compactée à l'Optimum Proctor Normal. Le dispositif expérimental utilisé est une colonne d'infiltration instrumentée de 50 mm de diamètre et de 220 mm de hauteur. L'infiltration en régime d'écoulement transitoire à pression contrôlée est assurée à l'aide d'un générateur de pression-volume. L'interprétation des profils hydriques instantanés ainsi obtenus met en évidence l'évolution exponentielle du coefficient de perméabilité à l'eau lorsque le degré de saturation dépasse 0,75. Par ailleurs, des essais de drainage et d'humidification ont été réalisées sur des échantillons préparés dans différents états initiaux, ce qui permet de déduire indirectement les perméabilités relatives. Ces résultats ont été modélisés à l'aide du modèle de Fredlund et Xing (1994). On remarque un bon accord dans la description des courbes de perméabilité relative Krdans les plans [Sr, Kr] et [−uw, Kr].
Impact of osmotic efficiency on contaminant transport parameters
Authors: Van Impe P.O.  , Van Impe W.F.  , Mazzieri F.
Published: February 2025

Contaminant flow parameters are commonly derived from experimental results using analytical solutions to the well-known advection-dispersion-reaction equation or ADRE. The authors have investigated the impact of several phenomena on flow parameters derived in this traditional analytical approach. These phenomena include electrostatic ionic interaction, competitive exchange and osmotic effects. Specifically, the effect of osmotic efficiency has been studied and presented in this paper. It has been shown that the presence of osmotic effects can lead to substantial underestimation of the contaminant flow rate.
Slope stability evaluation by limit equilibrium and Finite Element Methods
Authors: Aryal Krishna  , Sandven Rolf  , Nordal Steinar
Published: February 2025

A case study is presented for a natural slope situated in Nepal, where a hydropower project is being constructed. A 40 m high concrete dam is situated close to a 65 m high slope, consisting of river and glacier deposits. The long-term safety of the slope is evaluated by the software codes PLAXIS and GeoSlope, mainly changing the groundwater conditions in the slope. Variations of these conditions have also been studied by Janbu's Direct method. The computed factors of safety from PLAXIS are based on Mohr-Coulomb model, whereas the results from GeoSlope utilize the limit equilibrium methods. Safety factors obtained from these methods for a number of water level variations are discussed and compared. The groundwater variation is studied both for dry and wet seasonal conditions. Apart from thisconditions with pseudo-static earthquake loading in GeoSlopedynamic loading in PLAXIS have been presented. The dynamic analyses have been performed based on prescribed displacements at the base of the modelselected acceleration-time series. The output results from the dynamic analyses are discussed in terms of displacements, acceleration and generated pore pressure in the slope. The authors have concluded that potentially unstable slope conditions exist due to combined groundwater variations and earthquake impact.
Energy approach for earthquake induced slope failure evaluation
Authors: Ishizawa T.  , Kokusho T.  , Harada T.  , Nemoto S.
Published: February 2025

Earthquake-induced slope stability has been evaluated by the force-equilibrium of soil mass in normal engineering practice. But this method can't evaluate how large the deformation will develop and how far the effect reaches down-slope in flow-type failures. This study aims the development of evaluation method for flow displacements of slopes during earthquake in terms of energy. An innovative model test is developed, in which the energy dissipated in slope failure is measured on a shake table. Based on the theoretical considerations on the simplified block model and the model tests, a framework of performance based design for slopes against earthquakes has been proposed.
Fluidization mechanisms of flowslides triggered by earthquake and rainfall
Authors: Wang F.W.  , Tanaka Y.  , Nakamura K.
Published: February 2025

The difference between the fluidization mechanisms of the Tsukidate flowslide triggered by earthquake and the Yamashina flowslides induced by rainfall was examined through field investigations, soil tests and numerical simulations. In the case of the Tsukidate flowslide, after a liquefaction of sliding mass, the combination effect of grain crushing and rapid shearing rate of the pyroclastic material on the excess pore pressure generation was concluded as the main reason. While, in the case of the Yamashina flowslides, the low shear strength mobilized in the fully saturated weathered mudstone debris with a very low permeability was attributed to the high mobility of the flowslides.
Behaviour of foundations over surface fault rupture: Analysis of case histories from the Izmit (1999) earthquake
Authors: Anastasopoulos Ioannis
Published: February 2025

The 1999 Mw7.4 Izmit (Turkey) earthquake was triggered by reactivation of the North Anatolian Fault. Although the faulting mechanism was strike–slip, the paper focuses on the normal fault that nucleated within the pull-apart basin of Gölcük, and its effect on overlying residential structures. The 4 km normal rupture, caused maximum vertical displacements of 2.3 m. Several structures were crossed by the rupture. As expected, many of them either collapsed or were severely damaged. Surprisingly, some structures survived the dislocation with no damage, while in some cases the rupture deviated to “avoid” the structures. Luckily, the foundation of the involved structures comprised a variety of foundation types, ranging from simple separate footings to piled foundation. The paper provides a comprehensive description of the observed fault-foundation interaction patterns, accompanied by the results of soil exploration and geological trenching. Each structure is analyzed through the use of finite element modelling to reveal the main aspects of Fault Rupture–Soil–Foundation–Structure Interaction (FR–SFSI).
Probabilistic approach to the design of spread footings: application of Eurocode 7
Authors: Du Thinh K.
Published: February 2025

A probabilistic approach to the design and performance of spread footings is presented to illustrate the essence of Eurocode 7. The study includes loading tests of large model strip footings resting on, or imbedded in, a non-cohesive soil. The soil used in the tests was thoroughly investigated in the laboratory using different triaxial testing techniques. Probabilistic analysis of the performance of the footings has been conducted to account for the uncertainties of the failure loads and the material characteristics. The latter is due to different loading test series and laboratory testing methods. The probabilistic analysis is conducted according to the First Order Reliability Method (FORM) on one hand, and according to the improved Second Order Reliability Method (SORM) on the other. The study shows that insights into the topical geotechnical problem as well as the probabilistic approach to safety are necessary to make a proper selection of the characteristic soil parameters and the corresponding partial safety factors.
Geotechnical risk management in the Netherlands
Authors: Pereboom Dirk  , Tiggelman Léon  , Litjens Paul  , Staveren Martin van
Published: February 2025

During 2003 and 2004 GeoDelft has spent research effort on the development and implementation of GeoQ. GeoQ is a risk-based approach with the aim of guaranteeing the geotechnical quality of a project. Tools, both for process management of risks in projects as well as for the determination of geotechnical risks, have been applied in a number of projects. Results have been compared with those from a more classical approach, performing only geotechnical design calculations, often of a deterministic nature. This has shown evidence of two facts. Taking a risk management approach may impose a preliminary financial burden on the project. Identification and implementation of risk management alternatives could generate large savings to the project, outweighting by far the costs of the risk management approach. The paper will review the tools presently available and their use in a number of projects.
Administrative report: TC34 – Prediction methods in large strain geomechanics
Authors: Oka F.  , Murakami A.
Published: February 2025

This note contains the information concerning the activities of TC34 on the Prediction Methods in Large Strain Geomechanics during the period of 2001–2005 in form of an administrative report to the secretary general of the ISSMGE.
Risk from inhomogeneity of DM lime-cement stabilized soil and columns
Authors: Rathmayer Hans
Published: February 2025

Several aspects related to the quality of DM lime-cement stabilisation are highlighted. The preparation of laboratory samples for binder optimisation differs essentially from the mixing procedure in the field (e.g. homogeneity, air content, density, temperature conditions). For obtaining good lab/ in-situ relationship real simulation of the in-situ mixing procedure for the design of optimum binder quality and quantity is necessary, e.g with a small size pilot machinery. The strength properties of stabilised soil is a strongly dependent on w/c (water-cement ratio), thus high cement content results in brittle behaviour which should be reflected in the safety philosophy applied in the design. Scandinavian post glacial clay deposits vary strongly in water content; to achieve uniform w/c ratio asks for real-time adjustment of binder quantity. Pressurized air applied as transport media is entrapped in the soil-binder mixture and reduces strength; pressure is usually increased for greater depth. Binder consumption is measured 30–40 m behind the mixing tool causing a time shift in QC measurement. Corrections for missing binder quantity may miss the target. Increased energy input during mixing produces better homogeneity at higher cost; the benefits are better predictable strength properties and thus reduced risk for the designer and client. The present high risk level could be reduced by linking on-site determined soil properties to the execution of the DM procedure together with a real-time QC by using sensors placed close to the mixing tool
Limit analysis in geotechnical engineering
Authors: Michalowski Radoslaw L.
Published: February 2025

The background of limit analysis is given first, and various aspects, considered in the last decades, are described. These include: application of limit analysis for soils governed by the non-associative flow rule, solving problems with frictional boundaries, including pore water pressure in limit analysis calculations, application to materials with non-linear yield conditions, seismic effects, and application to reinforced soils. These aspects are presented briefly with the exception of the pore water consideration, where, in addition to a short description, some analytical background is given. 3D analyses are discussed. Because the static approach of limit analysis is hindered by the difficulties in finding admissible stress fields, the major part of the report focuses on the kinematic approach. The static approach, however, can be used conveniently if the numerical approach is used, and this approach is mentioned in the last section.
A method to estimate Soil-Water Characteristic Curve for weathered granite soil
Authors: Lee S.R.  , Kim Y.K.  , Lee S.J.
Published: February 2025

Soil water characteristic curve (SWCC) is an important property that should be considered in the analysis of flow in unsaturated soils, the stability analysis due to infiltration of rainfall into slopes, the prediction of other unsaturated properties, etc. Therefore, in this study, we intended to obtain more accurate SWCC by measuring the volume change of the specimen in the SWCC tests. Thus we were able to grasp the change of void ratio during the SWCC tests. Additionally, a method reasonably predicting the SWCC for Korean weathered granite soils was suggested, based on the test results obtained from the experiments conducted in this study. In other words, a method to estimate the parameters used in Fredlund and Xing's equation was proposed using an ANN (artificial neural network). The particle size distribution, compacted water content and void ratio were used as input data in the ANN model for predicting the parameters, since it was confirmed that these basic soil properties have a relationship with the parameters obtained from the test results and the fitting results. The network model connection weights and biases presented in this study produced reliable predictions, and the precision of the prediction results from the proposed method was high, in comparison with the prediction results of other prediction methods.
Some observations on the cyclic loading response of a natural silt
Authors: Wijewickreme D.  , Sanin M.
Published: February 2025

An experimental research program has been undertaken to study the earthquake response of silt obtained from a deltaic soil deposit. The cyclic shear response of the silt is investigated using constant volume direct simple shear (DSS) tests conducted on normally consolidated samples without initial static shear stress bias. Details of the test program and its findings in relation to the influence of cyclic pre-shearing on the mechanical response under subsequent cyclic loadings are presented. The results indicate that relatively large excess pore water pressures (or cyclic strains) induced during initial cyclic loading, and the resulting shear strains, contribute to decreasing the resistance of silt to withstand future cyclic loadings. In essence, the weakening of soil fabric that takes place due to large cyclic strains appears to override any strengthening effects resulting from the increase in density due to post-cyclic consolidation. The findings are similar to the previously observed effects of pre-shearing on the cyclic shear response of sands.
State limits and attractors of psammoids and peloids
Authors: Gudehus G.
Published: February 2025

Simplified hypoplastic relations are briefly outlined for simple shearing. Therein state limits are asymptotic solutions independently of the initial state, i.e. attractors, for certain strain paths. Elasto-hypoplastic relations are adequate for sand-like rate-independent soils (psammoids). Hypoelastic behaviour holds for cycles with small amplitudes. Visco-hypoplastic relations hold for clay-like rate-dependent soils (peloids). With easily determined parameters, initial and boundary conditions realistic predictions are obtained for a wide spectrum. Extensions are indicated.
An isotropically hardening visco-elastoplastic cyclic loading model
Authors: Siddiquee M.S.A.  , Shariful Islam M.  , Hoque Eqramul  , Tatsuoka Fumio
Published: February 2025

In this paper, a cyclic loading model is developed by using isotropically hardening yield surface. The model changes its stress origin at the start of every load reversal. From the stress reversal point, it follows the Masing's rule exactly by using the isotropically hardening nonlinear elasto-plastic material behaviour. Existing stress-strain curve from monotonic loading (ML) tests data can be used to formulate the cyclic loading model by this approach. The time dependent creep, relaxation etc. are formulated through the incorporation of “TESRA” model in the definition of the yield surface.
Flow and transport modelling in old landfill subsoil with vertical barrier
Authors: Koda E.  , Wiencław E.
Published: February 2025

Numerical modelling of groundwater flow and pollutant transport has been analyzed for an old sanitary landfill surrounded by a vertical bentonite barrier. The re-circulation system of leachate was also applied on the landfill. The FEMWATER numerical program was used for the modelling. The aim of the modelling was the assessment of the vertical barrier influence on shaping the groundwater level in the area, as well as determination of time infiltration of leachate in the waste body during recirculation. The results of groundwater monitoring were used to verify and tare the numerical model.
Mapping Wound Assessment Data Elements in SNOMED CT
Authors: Block Lori  , Handfield Shannon
Published: February 2025

The use of standardized terminologies is an essential component to support interoperability in electronic health records. In British Columbia, Canada, a commonly used nursing wound assessment template was mapped to SNOMED CT. Preliminary results have found that 50.8% of the wound assessment data elements had direct matches to concepts within SNOMED CT. Results of this mapping activity have produced a set of mapped wound assessment parameters to SNOMED CT.
Towards a HPV Vaccine Knowledgebase for Patient Education Content
Authors: Wang Dennis  , Cunningham Rachel  , Boom Julie  , Amith Muhammad  , Tao Cui
Published: February 2025

Human papillomavirus is a widespread sexually transmitted infection that can be prevented with vaccination. However, HPV vaccination rates in the United States are disappointingly low. This paper will introduce a patient oriented web ontology intended to provide an interactive way to educate patients about HPV and the HPV vaccine that will to empower patients to make the right vaccination decision. The information gathered for this initial draft of the ontology was primarily taken from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Vaccine Information Statements. The ontology currently consists of 160 triples, 141 classes, 52 properties and 55 individuals. For future iterations, we aim to incorporate more information as well as obtain subject matter expert feedback to improve the overall quality of the ontology.