bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS KORELASI, REGRESI DAN EVALUASI KARAKTER MORFOLOGI 24 AKSESI KAPAS (Gossypium sp.)
Authors: Hidayat RS Taufiq , Soegianto Andy , Aini Putri Nurul
Published: May 2021

Kapas merupakan penghasil utama serat alam dari buah sebagai bahan baku kebutuhan industri tekstil di Indonesia. Tingginya permintaan diiringi rendahnya produksi kapas menuntut adanya varietas kapas unggul yang memiliki potensi hasil tinggi, kualitas mutu baik dan berumur genjah. Salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan produksi kapas ialah dengan pengelolaan keragaman gen-gen unggul plasma nutfah melalui analisis korelasi regresi dan evaluasi karakter morfologi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bentuk dan keeratan hubungan antar komponen hasil sebagai penentu kriteria seleksi, serta mengevaluasi aksesi-aksesi kapas yang memiliki karakter unggul dan diduga dapat digunakan sebagai tetua dalam perakitan varietas kapas yang baru. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Maret hingga Desember 2018 di Kebun Percobaan Karangploso, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat, Kota Malang. Metode penelitian menggunakan single plot dengan analisis ragam RAK dan uji lanjut BNJ melalui bantuan program SPSS. Hasil analisis menunjukkan jumah cabang generatif dan jumlah buah dapat digunakan sebagai kriteria seleksi untuk peningkatan hasil. Hasil evaluasi karakter morfologi terdapat 11 aksesi yang memiliki produksi tinggi dan kualitas mutu serat baik pada karakter panjang serat, yaitu aksesi KI 38, KI 80, KI 134, KI 240, KI 320, KI 489, KI 500, KI 629, KI 689, KI 693 dan KI 711
PENGARUH KETINGGIAN TEMPAT DAN LEVEL SANGRAI TERHADAP ATRIBUT MUTU KOPI ARABIKA KABUPATEN BANJARNEGARA
Authors: Maksum Ali , Munasib Munasib , Purbowati Ike Sitoresmi Mulyo , Kurniawan Rully Eko Kusuma , Furqon Furqon
Published: May 2021

Karakteristik fisikokimia dan atribut sensori kopi arabika dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan tempat tumbuh tanaman kopi dan proses pengolahannya. Tujuan penelitian mencari pengaruh kombinasi tingkat ketinggaian tempat tumbuh tanaman kopi dengan variasi proses sangrai terhadap atribut fisikokimia dan sensori kopi arabika Kabupaten Banjarnegara. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental yang menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan faktorial 2 faktor. Faktor yang diujikan pada penelitian ini adalah: 1) Ketinggian tempat tanaman Kopi dengan taraf: 1000 mdpl (Kecamatan Wanayasa), 1050 (Kecamtan Karangkobar) dan 1100 mdpl (Kecamatan Kalibening). 2) Level sangrai dengan taraf: light, medium dan dark. Faktor tersebut disusun kedalam rancangan faktorial sehingga diperoleh 9 kombinasi perlakuan. Perlakuan diulang tiga kali sehinggga diperoleh 27 unit percobaan. Pengujian atribut sensoris kopi arabika menggunakan metode analisis mutu skroring pembeda. Hasil penelitian ini adalah level penyangraian berpengaruh terhadap kadar air, pH, total fenol dan aroma kopi arabika sedangakn ketinggian tempat tanaman kopi tidak berpengaruh terhadap kadar air, pH, total fenol dan aroma kopi.
PENINGKATAN ADAPTABILITAS DAN PERTUMBUHAN BEBERAPA VARIETAS PADI GOGO MELALUI INOKULASI PUPUK HAYATI DAN BIOKOMPOS DI KAWASAN PESISIR
Authors: Bertham Yudhi Harini , Nusantara Abimanyu Dipo , Murcitro Bambang Gonggo , Arifin Zainal
Published: May 2021

Pemanfaatan lahan kering pada kawasan pesisir untuk budidaya tanaman padi gogo mempunyai potensi besar untuk pemantapan swasembada pangan maupun untuk pembangunan pertanian kedepan. Keterbatasan kesuburan yang dimiliki lahan di kawasan pesisir dapat diatasi dengan menggunakan teknologi yang tepat seperti penggunaan varietas yang unggul dan pupuk hayati serta biokompos. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik biologi dan kimia tanah serta pertumbuhan padi gogo di kawasan pesisir. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan petak terbagi dengan petak utama adalah 3 varietas padi gogo yang didapatkan dari BPTP Bengkulu yaitu varietas Inpago 10, Serantan, dan Lokal Bengkulu, dengan anak petak yaitu inokulan ganda mikroba pelarut P (pf) + mikroba pelarut K + mikroba pemfiksasi N, inokulan ganda mikroba pelarut P (fma) + mikroba pelarut K + mikroba pemfiksasi N, biokompos dengan dosis 10 ton ha-1, dan pupuk anorganik rekomendasi BPTP yaitu 200 kg Urea/ha, 100 kg SP36/ha, 100 kg KCl/ha, diulang 4 kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi pupuk hayati maupun biokompos yang ditanami padi gogo varietas Inpago 10 di area pesisir mampu meningkatkan karakter biologi dan kimia tanah. Padi gogo varietas Serantan dengan aplikasi inokulan ganda mikroba pelarut P + mikroba pelarut K + mikroba pemfiksasi N di area pesisir mampu menghasilkan jumlah anakan tinggi dengan tinggi tanaman rendahKata kunci: adaptabilitas, lahan pesisir, padi gogo, pertumbuhan, pupuk hayati.
Minat Siswa SMP Terhadap Pembelajaran PJOK Secara Daring Pada Masa New Normal
Authors: Dewi Ririn Purnama , Sepriadi Sepriadi
Published: May 2021

Pembelajaran pendidikan jasmani mengalami perubahan selama periode pandemi Covid 19 dan pada masa New Normal, sehingga menjadi penting untuk mengetahui minat siswa dalam mengikuti pembelajaran pendidikan jasmani pada masa New Normal Covid 19. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana minat siswa terhadap pembelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani Olahraga dan Kesehatan pada Masa New Normal. Jenis penelitian ini digolongkan pada penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu dengan menggunakan angket yang diberikan kepada siswa, dari beberapa pernyataan yang akan diisi oleh siswa. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri 29 Padang yang terdiri dari 264 orang. Sampel dalam penelitian diambil sebanyak 15% dari setiap kelas dan memakai teknik purposive sampling sehingga sampel berjumlah 40 orang siswa. Untuk mengukur variabel minat siswa maka digunakan instrumen penelitian berupa angket, sedangkan analisis data pada penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif persentase. Hasil penelitian ini mengkungkapkan bahwa Minat siswa terhadap pembelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani Olahraga dan Kesehatan secara daring pada masa New Normal di Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri 29 Padang termasuk ke dalam klasifikasi baik dengan persentase minat belajar 76%. Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa minat siswa dalam penelitian ini berada dalam kategori baik
Impact Financial Performance to Stock Prices: Evidence From Indonesia
Authors: Rusdiyanto Rusdiyanto , Prasetyo Indra , Aliyyah Nabilah , Nartasari Diah Rani , Nugroho Sanjayanto , Rahmawati Yessi , Groda Selvi Permata , Setiawan Surya
Published: May 2021

The authors propose in this study to evaluate financial performance applications for stock prices of the Indonesian Stock Exchange in manufacturing companies. The method of research used here is a quantitative descriptive method. In that statement, Indonesian Stock Exchange manufacturing companies between 2016 and 2018 are the population use in this research, using the sampling technique Purpose Sampling. This research uses secondary data from 2016 to 2018, the financial reports of Indonesian Stock Exchange manufacturing companies. The Indonesian stock exchange web site has been provided with all data sources at https://www.idx.co.id, and searching for www.google.id. Our analysis shows that book value prices and the net profit margin affect stock prices. The value of financial performance at the Indonesian Stock Bourses manufacturing companies' cost amounts to 64.5 percent, while other factors not listed in this study account for 35.4 percent.
The Dark Universe as the Ground State of our Quasi-Classical Quantum Cosmology
Authors: Cohen-Tannoudji Gilles , Gazeau Jean-Pierre
Published: May 2021

In the same way as the realization of some of the famous gedanken experiments imagined by the founding fathers of quantum mechanics has recently led to the current renewal of the interpretation of quantum physics, it seems that the most recent progresses of observational astrophysics can be interpreted as the realization of some cosmological gedanken experiments such as the removal from the universe of the whole visible matter or the cosmic time travel leading to a new cosmological standard model. This standard model involves two dark components of the universe, dark energy and dark matter. Whereas dark energy is usually associated with the cosmological constant, we propose to interpret dark matter in terms of a pure vibration energy due to positive curvature and held by quarks and/or by a gluon Bose Einstein condensate accompanying baryonic matter at the hadronization transition from the quark gluon plasma phase to the colorless hadronic phase. Such an interpretation, partially based on mass formulae in terms of energy and spin in de Sitter and Anti de Sitter respectively, would comfort the idea that, apart from the violation of the matter/antimatter symmetry satisfying the Sakharov’s conditions, the reconciliation of particle physics and cosmology does not need the recourse to any ad hoc fields, particles or hidden variables.
Disentangling the Relationship between Tree Biomass Yield and Tree Diversity in Mediterranean Mixed Forests
Authors: Bravo Felipe , Martin Ariza Ana , Dugarsuren Narangarav , Ordóñez Cristóbal
Published: May 2021

Tree biomass and diversity relationship in mixed forest impacts on forest ecosystem services provisions. Tree biomass yield is driven by several aspects such as species identity, site condition, stand density, tree age as well as tree diversity expressed as species mingling and structural diversity. By comparing diverse degrees of tree mixture in natural forests we can insight on the ecosystem services provision level and dynamic. Two monitoring sites in the Castilian Northern Plateau (Spain) have been analyzed to disentangle the relationships between biodiversity levels and tree biomass yield. Two permanent one ha squared plots were established at Llano de San Marugan and Valdepoza. In each plot all individual trees were measured (diameter and height), georeferenced and its species identity defined. Tree species in the two sites were Pinus sylvestris, Pinus nigra, Pinus pinea, Quercus pyrenaica, Quercus ilex, Quercus faginea and Juniperus thurifera. From these datasets ten diversity indices that fall in three categories (species richness indices, species compositional/mingling indices and vertical structural indices) were used as predictor variables to fit several candidate models. By merging the trees by site (without considering the species identity) selected models include individual tree basal area as explanatory variable combining by addition or interaction with diversity indices. When species are analyzed independently structural diversity impacts on biomass yield in combination (additive or multiplicative) with tree size is negative Pinus nigra and positive for the other species.
Analysis of Dust Flux and Sand Collection Efficiency of Wind Erosion near Surface Based on Field Observations
Authors: Liu Xinchun , Kang Yongde , Chen Hongna , Lu Hui
Published: May 2021

The sand-dust horizontal flux is an important parameter for the study on aeolian sand transport, as well as an important foundation. In this study, a field experiment was developed to measure the data of aeolian transport and microclimate during different dust events with an auto sand sampler, a piezoelectric saltation sensor (H11-Sensit) and a 10 m high meteorological tower in Ta Zhong, the hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert from July to August in 2010. Then, the sampling efficiency of auto sand sampler and horizontal dust flux of near surface were analyzed based on observed data. The results were as follows: sand collector skip turnover increased with the increase of the intensity of dust weather frequency increases, the power function relationship y=2.115 x0.9841, R2 = 0.9206, flip frequency per minute increased from 0.2794 times to 1.3041 times, change is obvious; With the strength of the weather, time to flip the average sediment is shrinking. Sandstorm weather, skip to flip a volume of 3.7160 g, grade I flying sand weather flip a volume of 4.0275 g, the amount of class II flying sand weather turns over a 5. 0035g.The horizontal dust flux of different dust events that calculated with the equation Q=256M; the maximum of one dust event was about 190.335 kg, and the minimum was 1.2 kg. Overall, the sand transportation rate increased with wind speed. However, the changes of sand transportation rate did not quite fit in with wind speed during some dust events, and in this case the corresponding surface temperature was significantly higher. The experimental data obtained can provide theoretical basis for regional sand control and enacting effective engineering measures.
From Mechanisms to Functions: The Role of Synchronization in the Intrahippocampal Circuits
Authors: Mysin Ivan , Shubina Liubov
Published: May 2021

The brain rhythms are essential for information processing in neuronal networks. Oscillations recorded in different brain regions can be synchronized and have a constant phase difference, i.e. be coherent. Coherence between local field potential (LFP) signals from different regions in the brain may be correlated with the performance of cognitive tasks, from which it is concluded that these regions of the brain are involved in the task performance together. In this review, we discuss why coherence occurs and how it is coupled to the information transfer between different regions of the hippocampal formation. Coherence in theta and gamma frequency ranges is described since these rhythms are most pronounced during the hippocampus-dependent attention and memory. We review in vivo studies of interactions between different regions of the hippocampal formation in theta and gamma frequency bands. The kay provisions of the review: 1) coherence emerges from synchronous postsynaptic currents in principal neurons, occurring as a result of synchronization of neuronal spike activity; 2) synchronization of neuronal spike patterns in two regions of the hippocampal formation can be realised through induction or resonance; 3) coherence at a specific time point reflects the transfer of information between regions of the hippocampal formation, in particular, gamma coherence reflects the coupling of active neuronal ensembles. Overall, coherence is not an epiphenomenon, but an important physiological process that has certain generation mechanisms and performs important functions in information processing and transmission across the brain regions.
Polypodium vulgare L.: Polyphenolic Profile, Cytotoxicity and Cytoprotective Properties in Different Cell Lines
Authors: Farràs Adrià , López Víctor , Maggi Filippo , Caprioli Giovani , Vinardell M.P. , Mitjans Montserrat
Published: May 2021

Pteridophytes, represented by ferns and allies, are an important phytogenetic bridge between lower and higher plants (gymnosperms and angiosperms). Ferns have evolved independently of any other species in the plant kingdom being its secondary metabolism a reservoir of phytoconstituents characteristic of this taxon. The study of the possible medicinal uses of Polypodium vulgare L. (Polypodiaceae), PV, has increased particularly when in 2008 the European Medicines Agency published a monograph about the rhizome of this species. Thus, our objective is to provide scientific knowledge on the methanolic extract from the fronds of P. vulgare L., one of the main ferns described in the Prades Mountains, to contribute to the validation of certain traditional uses. Specifically, we have characterized the methanolic extract of PV fronds (PVM) by HPLC-DAD and investigated its potential cytotoxicity, phototoxicity, ROS production and protective effects against oxidative stress by using in vitro methods. Our results show that PVM is not cytotoxic against the different cell lines assessed, but we found potential cytoprotective and cellular repair activity in 3T3 fibroblast cells. This biological activity could be attributed to the high content of polyphenolic compounds; thus, this extract is positioned as a potential candidate for pharmaceutical uses.
On the Tortuosity-Connectivity of Porous Materials
Authors: Fenaux Miguel , Reyes Encarnacion , Gálvez Jaime C , Moragues Amparo , Bernal Jesus
Published: May 2021

In this work, the transport equations of ionic species in concrete are studied. First, the equations at the porescale are considered, which are then averaged over a representative elementary volume. The so obtained transport equations at the macroscopic scale are thoroughly examined and each term is interpreted. Furthermore, it is shown that the tortuosity-connectivity does not slow the average speed of the ionic species down. The transport equations in the representative elementary volume are then compared with the equations obtained in an equivalent pore. Lastly, comparing Darcy’s law and the Hagen-Poiseuille equation in a cylindrical equivalent pore, the tortuosity-connectivity parameter is obtained for four dierent concretes. The proposed model provides very good results when compared with the experimentally obtained chloride profiles for two additional concretes.
Nighttime Lights and County-Level Economic Activity in the United States: 2001 to 2019
Authors: Gibson John , Boe-Gibson Geua
Published: May 2021

Nighttime lights (NTL) are a popular type of data for evaluating economic performance of regions and economic impacts of various shocks and interventions. Several validation studies use traditional statistics on economic activity like national or regional Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as a benchmark to evaluate the usefulness of NTL data. Many of these studies rely on dated and imprecise Defence Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) data and use aggregated units such as nation-states or the first sub-national level. Yet applied researchers who draw support from validation studies to justify their use of NTL data as a proxy for economic activity increasingly focus on smaller and lower level spatial units. This study uses a 2001-19 time-series of GDP for over 3100 US counties as a benchmark to examine the usefulness of the recently released version 2 VIIRS nighttime lights (V.2 VNL) products as proxies for local economic activity. Contrasts are made between cross-sectional predictions for GDP differences between areas and time-series predictions of GDP changes within areas. Disaggregated GDP data for various industries are used to examine what types of economic activity are best proxied by NTL data and comparisons are also made with the predictive performance of earlier NTL data products.
Impact of Rowing Training on Quality of Life and Perceived Health in Female Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Gavala-González Juan , Torres-Pérez Amanda , Fernández-García José Carlos
Published: May 2021

The aim of this study was to determine whether a rowing training program improved the quantity and quality of physical activity and quality of life in female breast cancer survivors (stage I - 4.35%; II - 30.43%; III - 52.17%; and IV - 8.7%) diagnosed 6.57 ± 5.02 years previously, who had undergone a subsequent intervention (preservation 53.52%; total mastectomy 39.13% and double mastectomy 4.35%) and had a current mean age of 53.70 ± 7.88 years. The participants (N = 30) engaged in a 12-week training program, each week comprising three sessions and each session lasting 60-90 minutes. An anthropometric evaluation was performed before and after the program. The short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-SF) and the Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) were also administered. The results showed statistically significant improvements in levels of physical activity and in the dimensions of quality of life. We can conclude that a 12-week rowing training program tailored to women who have had breast cancer increases physical activity levels, leading to improved health status and quality of life.
The Virtuous Circle of Omnichannel CRM
Authors: Cattrall David , Castello Simone
Published: May 2021

This paper extends previous research on the influence of social media and digital channels on customer purchase behaviour by presenting a new omnichannel purchasing model. We characterise that model as a “virtuous circle” as it centres around customer use of social media and has potential to benefit both customers and companies. We illustrate that model with a worked example, discuss approaches to its implementation and evaluate its use in the context of a business case study. The model creates a framework that combines elements of digital marketing, social CRM, omnichannel CRM, and customer experience and engagement. This paper bridges academic and industry practitioner communities across those fields.
Combined Selenium and Zinc Biofortification of Bread Making Wheat under Mediterranean Conditions
Authors: Reynolds-Marzal Dolores , Rivera-Martin Angelica , Santamaria Oscar , Poblaciones Maria J.
Published: May 2021

Millions of people worldwide have an inadequate intake of selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn), and agronomic biofortification may minimise these problems. To evaluate the efficacy of combined foliar Se and Zn fertilisation in bread making wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), foliar Se (as NaSeO4) and soil and foliar Zn applications (as ZnSO4·7H2O) were tested individually and in all combinations. A 2-year field experiment was established in southern Spain under semiarid Mediterranean conditions, by following a split-split-plot design. The study year (2017/2018, 2018/2019) was considered as the main-plot factor, soil Zn application (50 kg Zn ha-1, nil Zn) as a subplot factor, and foliar application (nil, 10 g Se ha-1, 8 kg Zn ha-1, 10 g Se ha-1 + 8 kg Zn ha-1) as a sub-subplot factor. The best treatment to increase both Zn and Se concentration in both straw, 12.3- and 2.7-fold respectively, and grain, 1.2- and 4.1-fold respectively was the combined foliar application of Zn and Se. This combined Zn and Se application also increased on average the yield of grain, main product of this crop, by almost 26%. Therefore, bread-making wheat seems to be a very suitable crop to be used in biofortification programs with Zn and Se to alleviate their deficiency in both, people when using its grain and livestock when using its straw.
Calculation of the aerodynamic torque in the problems of mathematical modeling of the attitude motion of spacecraft Progress
Authors: Belyaev Mikhail Yuryevich , Matveeva Tatiana Vladimirovna , Sazonov Vasilii Victorovich , Sazonov Victor Vasil’yevich
Published: May 2021

We describe the method of representation the aerodynamic torque in problems of mathematical modeling uncontrolled attitude motion of spacecraft Progress. The components of the torque are calculated in the nodes of the grid on the two-dimensional sphere. The calculations were based on the detailed geometric model of the spacecraft external surface. The found arrays of torque data were approximated by the segments of the Fourier series by spherical functions up to the order (8,8) inclusive. These approximations are used in the equations of attitude motion of the spacecraft. We describe the use of such equations in reconstruction of the motion of spacecraft Progress MS-07, MS-08 in the gravitational orientation mode by measurements of their angular rates and in the prognosis of electric charge from the solar arrays of the spacecraft in the mode of its single-axis solar orientation.
Clinical, Functional, and Physical Activity Outcomes 5 Years Following the Treatment Algorithm of the Delaware-Oslo ACL Cohort Study
Authors: Pedersen Marie , Grindem Hege , Johnson Jessica L. , Engebretsen Lars , Axe Michael J. , Snyder-Mackler Lynn , Risberg May Arna
Published: May 2021

Background:

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries can be treated with or without ACL reconstruction (ACLR), and more high-quality studies evaluating outcomes after the different treatment courses are needed. The purpose of the present study was to describe and compare 5-year clinical, functional, and physical activity outcomes for patients who followed our decision-making and treatment algorithm and chose (1) early ACLR with preoperative and postoperative rehabilitation, (2) delayed ACLR with preoperative and postoperative rehabilitation, or (3) progressive rehabilitation alone. Early ACLR was defined as that performed ≤6 months after the preoperative rehabilitation program, and late ACLR was defined as that performed >6 months after the preoperative rehabilitation program.

Methods:

We included 276 patients from a prospective cohort study. The patients had been active in jumping, pivoting, and cutting sports before the injury and sustained a unilateral ACL injury without substantial concomitant knee injuries. The patients chose their treatment through a shared decision-making process. At 5 years, we assessed the International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form (IKDC-SKF), Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Marx Activity Rating Scale, sports participation, quadriceps muscle strength, single-legged hop performance, and new ipsilateral and contralateral knee injuries.

Results:

The 5-year follow-up rate was 80%. At 5 years, 64% of the patients had undergone early ACLR, 11% had undergone delayed ACLR, and 25% had had progressive rehabilitation alone. Understandably, the choices that participants made differed by age, concomitant injuries, symptoms, and predominantly level-I versus level-II preinjury activity level. There were no significant differences in any clinical, functional, or physical activity outcomes among the treatment groups. Across treatment groups, 95% to 100% of patients were still active in some kind of sports and 65% to 88% had IKDC-SKF and KOOS scores above the threshold for a patient acceptable symptom state.

Conclusions:

Patients with ACL injury who were active in jumping, pivoting, and cutting sports prior to injury; who had no substantial concomitant knee injuries; and who followed our decision-making and treatment algorithm had good 5-year knee function and high sport participation rates. Three of 4 patients had undergone ACLR within 5 years. There were no significant differences in any outcomes among patients treated with early ACLR, delayed ACLR, or progressive rehabilitation alone.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Disassociation of an Anteriorly Implanted Dual-Mobility Component with Migration to the Distal Posterior Thigh
Authors: Anliker Luke W. , Tresley Jonathan M. , LaReau Justin M.
Published: May 2021

Case:

Intraprosthetic dislocation, a rare complication of modular dual-mobility hip replacements, occurs when the polyethylene component becomes dislodged. Our patient sustained an intraprosthetic dislocation with subsequent implant migration to the posterior thigh. In an anterior approach revision surgery at an outside institution, the component was unable to be located. Subsequent imaging revealed marked implant migration. Computed tomography (CT)-guided needle localization was used to facilitate component removal.

Conclusion:

In the presence of different surgical approaches, dissociated polyethylene components may migrate to anatomic compartments distinct from the approach of implantation. CT and needle localization may be used to facilitate component removal.
Improving Spine Models of Care
Authors: Yeung Caleb M. , Lightsey Harry M. , Isaac Sean , Isaac Zacharia , Gilligan Christopher J. , Zaidi Hasan , Ludwig Steven C. , Kang James D. , Makhni Melvin C.
Published: May 2021

» Spine-related symptoms are leading to increasing volume and expenditure for the U.S. health-care system.

» The network of care delivery for patients with spine-related symptoms is similarly increasing in complexity, leading to inefficiencies in care triage and delivery as well as occasionally discordant management.

» Providers and health-care systems have been more recently organizing and adopting different models for delivery of care for these patients, with varying methods of patient screening, care options offered, and providers involved.

» Patient population, provider preferences and availability, institutional infrastructure, and reimbursement and incentivization schemes have important implications with respect to the adoption of these differing models of care.
Leadership in Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Jildeh Toufic R. , Hasan Laith K. , Okoroha Kelechi R. , Parsons Theodore W.
Published: May 2021

» Orthopaedic surgeons are expected to exercise leadership within a variety of departmental and organizational roles, such as in the context of the clinic, the operating room, private or academic practices, and, more broadly, their respective professional organizations.

» Effective leadership can improve patient outcomes and satisfaction, as well as increase team efficacy and gratification.

» Exercising insight and understanding as to how and when to employ different leadership styles can help orthopaedic surgeons lead effectively. Additionally, open and effective communication and emotional intelligence play an integral role in effective leadership.

» This article reviews some of the current understanding regarding effective leadership in orthopaedic surgery, with a focus on highlighting strategies that are aimed at being a more effective leader.
Effects of Anticoagulant Medication on Bone-Healing
Authors: Butler Alexander J. , Eismont Frank J.
Published: May 2021

» A substantial proportion of patients undergoing orthopaedic care are prescribed some form of anticoagulant medication, whether for perioperative venous thromboembolism prophylaxis or chronic anticoagulation in the setting of a cardiac or other condition.

» An abundance of preclinical data suggests that many commonly used anticoagulant medications may have a harmful effect on bone-healing.

» The orthopaedic surgeon should be informed and mindful of the added variable that anticoagulation may play in the outcomes of fracture treatment and bone-healing.

» Heparin and warfarin appear to have a greater detrimental impact than low-molecular-weight heparin. Factor Xa inhibitors may confer the least risk, with some studies even suggesting the potential for enhancement of bone-healing.
The Use of Computer Navigation and Robotic Technology in Complex Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Ross Keir A. , Wiznia Daniel H. , Long William J. , Schwarzkopf Ran
Published: May 2021

» The potential benefits of computer-assisted surgical (CAS) navigation and robotic total knee arthroplasty (TKA) systems, such as increased reliability of restoring the mechanical axis, fewer outliers, more rapid hospital discharge, less physical therapy requirements, decreased blood loss, and decreased revision rates, have led to their application not only in primary cases but also in complex cases such as preoperative deformity and revision.

» Early evidence demonstrates that CAS navigation may help to improve alignment in complex cases of femoral and tibial deformity and in cases of femoral bowing.

» Data regarding deformity correction with robotic systems are similar to CAS navigation with regard to alignment, but are more limited. There are also scant data regarding revision cases and cases of previous intramedullary canal instrumentation.

» Concerns remain regarding cost, learning curves, and operative times. There are potential long-term cost savings associated with a decrease in revisions and readmissions that require additional investigation.

» Early evidence for the use of these emerging technologies for deformity correction and revision cases is promising, but their impact on long-term functional outcomes remains to be demonstrated. Additional well-designed comparative studies are warranted.
The Congo deep-sea fan: Mineralogical, REE, and Nd-isotope variability in quartzose passive-margin sand
Authors: Garzanti Eduardo , Bayon Germain , Dennielou Bernard , Barbarano Marta , Limonta Mara , Vezzoli Giovanni
Published: May 2021

The Congo deep-sea fan, the largest on Earth fed entirely with anorogenic detritus, is characterized by quartzose to pure quartzose sand, reflecting multiple recycling coupled with extreme chemical weathering in cratonic equatorial Africa. The very youthful lower course of the Congo River connects directly to a steep canyon, where detritus including quartz grains up to a few millimeters in diameter is funneled towards Atlantic Ocean floors and deposited at abyssal depths more than a thousand kilometers away from shore. This article illustrates for the first time in detail the mineralogical and geochemical signatures of Congo Fan sands and discusses the factors controlling their intersample and intrasample variability as a key to understand how sediment is generated, recycled, and finally transferred to the deep sea. Compositional variability is largely grain-size-dependent. Combined petrographic and Raman spectroscopy analyses demonstrate that quartz increases in coarser samples and size classes, whereas feldspars are concentrated in finer sizes, plagioclase relative to K-feldspar and orthoclase relative to microcline, defining an order of mechanical and chemical durability among detrital tectosilicates. Because of overwhelming quartz abundance and very low heavy-mineral concentration, quartz contributes significantly to the REE budget and up to 40–50% of Nd in coarser samples, characterized by εNd values as low as –21. The strong grain-size-dependent variability of εNd suggests that quartz carries a markedly more negative εNd signature than monazite and other detrital components. This is chiefly ascribed to the durability of quartz grains, able to survive repeated cycles of weathering and diagenesis through Proterozoic and Phanerozoic time better than all other minerals. Neodymium model ages are influenced less by grain size and quartz abundance but more by the Sm/Nd ratio of different detrital components, and samples hydrodynamically enriched in LREE-rich minerals display TNd,CHUR and TNd,DM ages 1.2–1.4 Ga younger than samples enriched in HREE minerals.

Not all detritus in the Congo Fan is supplied transversally by the Congo River. Forward-mixing calculations based on mineralogical data indicate that sand entrained northward by longshore currents mixes progressively with Congo River sand along the northernmost Angola coast, penetrates in the Soyo estuary, and is eventually captured in the canyon and transferred to the deep-sea fan, where it is estimated to represents 7 ± 2% of turbidite deposits.
Magnitud y tendencia de la desnutrición y factores asociados con baja talla en niños menores de cinco años en México, Ensanut 2018-19
Authors: Cuevas-Nasu Lucía , García-Guerra Armando , González-Castell Luz Dinorah , Morales-Ruan María del Carmen , Méndez-Gómez Humarán Ignacio , Gaona-Pineda Elsa Berenice , García-Feregrino Raquel , Rodríguez-Ramírez Sonia , Gómez-Acosta Luz María , Ávila-Arcos Marco Antonio , Shamah-Levy Teresa , Rivera-Dommarco Juan Ángel
Published: May 2021

Objetivos. Actualizar la prevalencia de desnutrición y sus tendencias en los últimos 30 años e identificar factores asociados con la baja talla en una muestra representativa nacional de niños <5 años en México. Material y méto­dos. Se estimaron prevalencias de desnutrición en <5 años en 2018-19 y se compararon con prevalencias de los últimos 30 años. Se estudiaron asociaciones de factores geográficos, del hogar, maternos e individuales con baja talla, utilizando regresión logística múltiple. Resultados. El 4.8% de los <5 años presentó bajo peso, 14.2% baja talla y 1.4% emaciación. Entre 1988-2012 hubo un descenso en baja talla interrum­pido entre 2012-2018. La baja talla se asoció positivamente con residencia rural, región sur, hogares más pobres, madres indígenas y mayor número de hijos, y negativamente con diversidad dietética. Conclusiones. La desnutrición cró­nica es un problema persistente asociado con factores de vulnerabilidad social, cuya tendencia descendente de 30 años se interrumpió entre 2012-2018. Es imperativo implementar una estrategia nacional de prevención de baja talla.
Estimación del exceso de mortalidad por todas las causas durante la pandemia del Covid-19 en México
Authors: Palacio Mejía Lina Sofía , Wheatley Fernández Jorge Leonel , Ordoñez Hernández Iliana , López Ridaura Ruy , Lopez-Gatell Ramirez Hugo , Hernandez Avila Mauricio , Hernández Ávila Juan Eugenio ,   Grupo interinstitucional para la estimacion del exceso de mortalidad
Published: May 2021

Objetivo. Estimar el exceso de defunciones por todas las causas en México durante 2020. Material y métodos. Se construyó un canal endémico con las defunciones (2015- 2019), estableciendo el umbral epidémico en el percentil 90, y se comparó con las actas de defunción para estimar el exceso de mortalidad. Resultados. A la semana 53, ocurrieron 326 612 defunciones en exceso (45.1%), con un máximo en la semana 28 (98.0%) y un mínimo en la semana 41 (35.2%); después de la semana 4 los hombres (51.3%), principalmente de 45-64 años de edad, sin embargo, en los de 60 años o más ocurrió el mayor nú­mero de defunciones. Conclusión. En México, el exceso de mortalidad ha sido prolongado en comparación con otros países, con alta variabilidad interestatal. Esto podría deberse a las condiciones socioeconómicas y a la alta prevalencia de comorbilidades que aumentan el riesgo de morir en la población mexicana.
Smoking is associated with constant cough which is resistant to oseltamivir therapy for suspected COVID-19
Authors: Chiba Satoru
Published: May 2021

Smoking depresses pulmonary immune function and is a risk factor contracting more serious outcomes among people who become infected. The association between smoking and persistent respiratory symptoms which are resistant to oseltamivir for suspected coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was evaluated. A total of 22 COVID-19 suspected medical personnel and their cohabitation families without hypoxia and lung diseases, who came to the adult fever clinic were studied. All patients received oseltamivir and antibacterial therapy together. The median age was 40 years. The study patients were divided into 2 groups; individuals who currently smoke in 11 patients (current smokers) and never smoked in 11 (never smokers). Four (36%) of 11 current smokers experienced constant cough even after oseltamivir administration, compared with 0% of never smokers (χ2=4.90; p<0.05). The cough score decreased from 1.5±0.5 at baseline to 0.3±0.5 during the one week after ciclesonide administration (p<0.001) and constant cough disappeared in three cases out of four current smokers. Because current smokers are at a higher risk to develop constant cough which is resistant to oseltamivir therapy for suspected COVID-19 as compared to never smokers, smoking cessation should be recommended at an early stage. Ciclesonide may improve the constant cough in suspected COVID-19.
Candidate Gene Expression Investigation in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Akalin Hilal , Erdem Yakut , Gokce Nuriye , Ozmen Sevgi , Dogan Muhammet Ensar , Dundar Munis , Ozkul Yusuf
Published: May 2021

Background: In this study, expression level analysis of genes associated with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (SLC6A3, SLC6A4, SLC1A2, VMAT2, MAOA, COMT, GLYAT, GRM5, DRD4, TPH1, and ADRA2C) by pre-treatment and post-treatment with Atomoxetine and Methylphenidate was investigated. Methods: Forty-three ADHD diagnosed children and 38 healthy children were included to study. Forty-three patients with ADHD were divided into two groups, of which 35 patients used methylphenidate and 8 patients use atomoxetine. Five main study groups were generated: A control group, a group that includes methylphenidate pre-treatment samples, a group includes methylphenidate post-treatment samples, a group that includes atomoxetine pre-treatment samples and a group that includes atomoxetine post-treatment samples. Blood samples (10 ml each) were taken from everyone in study groups into EDTA tubes and RNA isolation was performed. mRNA expression levels of 11 determined candidate genes were showed via reverse transcription quantitative PCR method. Results: The expression levels of SLC6A3 (DAT) of ADHD diagnosed children were significantly higher than the control group, while the mRNA expression levels of SLC6A4, SLC1A2, VMAT2, MAOA, COMT, GLYAT, and TPH1 genes were significantly lower (t- test, p≤0.01).Conclusion: The expression level differences of these genes were determined to be useful as biomarkers in the diagnosis of ADHD. More patient numbers and studies with different groups are needed to fully reveal the relationship between these genes and the disease and its treatment.
Research on Catalytic Denitrification by Zero-Valent Iron (Fe0) and Pd-Ag Catalyst
Authors: Zhou Yu , Yun Yupan , Wen Xueyou
Published: May 2021

This study primarily focused on how to effectively remove nitrate by catalytic denitrification through zero-valent iron (Fe0) and Pd-Ag catalyst. In order to get better catalytic performance, response surface methodology (RSM), instead of the single factor experiments and orthogonal tests, was firstly applied to optimize the condition parameters of the catalytic process. Results indicated that RSM is accurate and feasible for the condition optimization of catalytic denitrification. Better catalytic performance (71.6% N2 Selectivity) was obtained under the following conditions: 5.1 pH, 127 min reaction time, 3.2 mass ration (Pd: Ag), and 4.2 g/L Fe0, which was higher than the previous study designed by the single factor experiments (68.1%) and orthogonal tests (68.7%). However, under the optimal conditions, N2 selectivity showed a mild decrease (69.3%), when the real wastewater was used as the influent. Further study revealed that the cations (e.g., K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and Al3+) and anions (e.g., Cl-, HCO3-, and SO42-) exist in wastewater may have distinctive influence on N2 selectivity. Finally, the reaction mechanism and kinetic model of catalytic denitrification were further studied.
Molecular Cytogenetics of Chromosome 2St as Well as Chromosome 3St Derived from Thinopyrum Intermedium and Thinopyrum Ponticum
Authors: Wang Siwen , Wang Changyou , Feng Xianbo , Zhao Jixin , Deng Pingchuan , Wang Yajuan , Chen Chunhuan , Wang Baotong , Ji Wanquan
Published: May 2021

Owing to the excellent resistance to abiotic and biotic stress, Thionpyrum intermedium (2n = 6x = 42, JJJsJsStSt) and Thinopyrum ponticum (2n = 10x = 70) are both widely utilized in wheat germplasm innovation programs. Disomic substitution lines (DSLs) carrying one pair of alien chromosomes are valuable bridge materials for novel genes transmission. In this study, six wheat-Thinopyrum DSLs were derived from crosses between Abbondanza nullisomic lines (2n = 40) and two octoploid Trititrigia lines (2n = 8x = 56), characterized by a sequential fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)-genome in situ hybridization (GISH), a multicolor GISH (mc-GISH), and an analysis of wheat 15K SNP array combined with molecular marker selection. ES-9 and ES-10 were two wheat- Th. ponticum disomic substitution lines, DS2St (2A) and DS3St (3D). While ES-23, ES-24, ES-25, and ES-26 were four wheat- Th. intermedium disomic substitution lines, DS2St (2A), DS3St (3D), DS2St (2B), DS2St (2D). The FISH karyotypes of Th. ponticum 2St/3St chromosomes were well coincident with the ones of Th. intermedium. The chromosome configurations of F1 hybrids derived from crosses between ES-23 and ES-9, as well as ES-24 and ES-10 were mostly formed 21Ⅱ. Four St-chromosome-specific markers were developed by specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq). Additionally, the substitution lines containing chromosome 2St conferred higher thousand-kernel weight and stripe rust resistance at adult stages, while the substitution lines containing chromosome 3St were highly resistant to stripe rust at all stages. Therefore, these six substitution lines could serve as useful bridging parents for wheat genetic improvement.
Central Neurocytoma in the Fourth Ventricle: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Ding Jiangwei , Dong Yang , Wang Lei , Guo Baorui , Li Xinxiao , Xiao Lifei , Jiang Shucai , Zhu Changliang , Wang Feng , Sun Tao
Published: May 2021

Background: Central neurocytoma is a rare primary intracranial tumour that usually occurs in young people. Central neurocytoma is more common in the lateral ventricle, but it is rare in the fourth ventricle. Herein, we report a case of central neurocytoma in the fourth ventricle. To improve our understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of this disease, we reviewed the literature to analyse the age, gender, clinical manifestations, imaging characteristics, and surgical prognosis of CNC in the fourth ventricle.Case presentation: A 44-year-old Chinese women presented with headache and dizziness for 8 years, walking instability for 2 years, and aggravation for 1 month. MRI revealed a 3.0 cm × 3.6 cm ×3.4 cm lesion located in the fourth ventricle. The tumour was completely resected. Pathological results were consistent with central neurocytoma. The patient could not walk or speak fluently during post-operative period, and no recurrence was found during the seventh month of follow-up.Conclusions: Central neurocytoma in the fourth ventricle is a rare intracranial tumour that is difficult to diagnose preoperatively. However, it can be considered when cystic and solid lesions are present in the fourth ventricle, especially when the morphology is like a soap bubble. Surgery is the main treatment for CNC. Adjuvant radiotherapy can be considered for partial or subtotal resection cases, and the prognosis is good. No recurrence of central neurocytoma in the fourth ventricle has been reported thus far.
The Role of Vagus Nerve on Dexmedetomidine Induced Survival and Lung Protection in a Sepsis Model in Rats.
Authors: Li Yumo , Wu Binbin , Hu Cong , Hu Jie , Lian Qingquan , Li Jun , Ma Daqing
Published: May 2021

BackgroundSepsis often results in acute lung injury (ALI). Sedative dexmedetomidine (Dex) was reported to protect cells and organs due to its direct cellular effects. This study aims to investigate the role of vagus nerves on Dex induced lung protection in a model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI in rats. MethodsThe bilateral cervical vagus nerve of male Sprague-Dawley rats was sectioned or just exposed without section as sham surgery. The ALI was induced by intraperitoneal injection of LPS (1 or 10 mg/kg). After LPS administration, Dex antagonist yohimbine (YOH) (1 mg/kg) and/or Dex (25 μg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally at 0, 4, 8 and 12 hours to rats with or without vagotomy. The severity of ALI was determined with survival curve analysis and lung pathological scores of haematoxylin and eosin (H-E) staining sections. The plasma concentrations of interleukin 1beta (IL-1β), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), catecholamine (CA) and acetylcholine (Ach) were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). ResultsThe median survival time of LPS-induced ALI rats was significantly prolonged by Dex (22 hours, 50% CI, [31.25, 90.63]) compared that in the LPS group (14 hours, 50% CI, [18.75, 81.25], P < 0.05), and the acute lung injury score was significantly reduced by Dex (6.5, 50% CI, [5.75, 7.5] vs 11.5, 50% CI, [10.75, 12.50] in the LPS group, P < 0.01). However, these protective effects of Dex were significantly reduced by either YOH administration or vagotomy. Dex significantly decreased LPS-induced plasma IL-1β (pg/ml) (20.75 ± 0.78 vs. 30.22 ± 2.62, P < 0.01), TNF-α (pg/ml) (205.30 ± 9.39 vs. 273.40 ± 14.50, P < 0.01), and CA (pg/ml) (825.70 ± 43.46 vs. 1188.00 ± 64.40, P < 0.01) but increased the secretion of Ach (pg/ml) (507.20 ± 49.52 vs. 296.50 ± 62.44, P < 0.01); these effects of Dex was partially abolished by vagotomy. ConclusionsOur data suggested that Dex increased vagal nerve tone which partially contributed to its anti-inflammatory and lung protective effects. The indirect anti-inflammation and direct cytoprotection of Dex are likely through high vagal nerve tone and α 2 -adrenoceptor activation, respectively.