bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global existence and blow-up analysis for parabolic equations with nonlocal source and nonlinear boundary conditions
Authors: Kou Wei , Ding Juntang
Published: February 2020

We investigate the following nonlinear parabolic equations with nonlocal source and nonlinear boundary conditions:$$ \textstyle\begin{cases} (g(u) )_{t} =\sum_{i,j=1}^{N} (a^{ij}(x)u_{x_{i}} ) _{x_{j}}+\gamma _{1}u^{m} (\int _{D} u^{l}{\,\mathrm{d}}x ) ^{p}-\gamma _{2}u^{r}& \mbox{in } D\times (0,t^{*}), \\ \sum_{i,j=1}^{N}a^{ij}(x)u_{x_{i}}\nu _{j}=h(u) & \mbox{on } \partial D\times (0,t^{*}), \\ u(x,0)=u_{0}(x)\geq 0 &\mbox{in } \overline{D}, \end{cases} $${(g(u))t=∑i,j=1N(aij(x)uxi)xj+γ1um(∫Duldx)p−γ2urin D×(0,t∗),∑i,j=1Naij(x)uxiνj=h(u)on ∂D×(0,t∗),u(x,0)=u0(x)≥0in D‾,wherepand$\gamma _{1}$γ1are some nonnegative constants,m,l,$\gamma _{2}$γ2, andrare some positive constants,$D\subset \mathbb{R}^{N}$D⊂RN($N\geq 2$N≥2) is a bounded convex region with smooth boundary∂D. By making use of differential inequality technique and the embedding theorems in Sobolev spaces and constructing some auxiliary functions, we obtain a criterion to guarantee the global existence of the solution and a criterion to ensure that the solution blows up in finite time. Furthermore, an upper bound and a lower bound for the blow-up time are obtained. Finally, some examples are given to illustrate the results in this paper.
Retraction Note: Fixed point theorems and explicit estimates for convergence rates of continuous time Markov chains
Authors: Yan Zhenhai , Yan Guojun , Miyamoto Ikudol
Published: February 2020

The Editors-in-Chief have retracted this article [1] because it showed evidence of peer review manipulation. In addition, the identity of the corresponding author could not be verified: Nagoya University have confirmed that Ikudol Miyamato has not been affiliated with their Graduate School of Mathematics.

The authors have not responded to any correspondence regarding this retraction.
Microstructure evolution in deformed polycrystals predicted by a diffuse interface Cosserat approach
Authors: Ask Anna , Forest Samuel , Appolaire Benoît , Ammar Kais
Published: February 2020

Formulating appropriate simulation models that capture the microstructure evolution at the mesoscale in metals undergoing thermomechanical treatments is a formidable task. In this work, an approach combining higher-order dislocation density based crystal plasticity with a phase-field model is used to predict microstructure evolution in deformed polycrystals. This approach allows to model the heterogeneous reorientation of the crystal lattice due to viscoplastic deformation and the reorientation due to migrating grain boundaries. The model is used to study the effect of strain localization in subgrain boundary formation and grain boundary migration due to stored dislocation densities. It is demonstrated that both these phenomena are inherently captured by the coupled approach.
Evaluation of the national implementation of the VA Diffusion of Excellence Initiative on Advance Care Planning via Group Visits: protocol for a quality improvement evaluation
Authors: Matthieu Monica M. , Ounpraseuth Songthip T. , Painter Jacob , Waliski Angie , Williams James “ Silas” , Hu Bo , Smith Robin , Garner Kimberly K.
Published: February 2020

Background

Traditionally, system leaders, service line managers, researchers, and program evaluators hire specifically dedicated implementation staff to ensure that a healthcare quality improvement effort can “go to scale.” However, little is known about the impact of hiring dedicated staff and whether funded positions, amid a host of other delivered implementation strategies, are the main difference among sites with and without funding used to execute the program, on implementation effectiveness and cost outcomes.

Methods/design

In this mixed methods program evaluation, we will determine the impact of funding staff positions to implement, sustain, and spread a program, Advance Care Planning (ACP) via Group Visits (ACP-GV), nationally across the entire United States Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare system. In ACP-GV, veterans, their families, and trained clinical staff with expertise in ACP meet in a group setting to engage in discussions about ACP and the benefits to veterans and their trusted others of having an advance directive (AD) in place. To determine the impact of the ACP-GV National Program, we will use a propensity score-matched control design to compare ACP-GV and non-ACP-GV sites on the proportion of ACP discussions in VHA facilities. To account for variation in funding status, we will document and compare funded and unfunded sites on the effectiveness of implementation strategies (individual and combinations) used by sites in the National Program on ACP discussion and AD completion rates across the VHA. In order to determine the fiscal impact of the National Program and to help inform future dissemination across VHA, we will use a budget impact analysis. Finally, we will purposively select, recruit, and interview key stakeholders, who are clinicians and clinical managers in the VHA who offer ACP discussions to veterans, to identify the characteristics of high-performing (e.g., high rates or sustainers) and innovative sites (e.g., unique local program design or implementation of ACP) to inform sustainability and further spread.

Discussion

As an observational evaluation, this protocol will contribute to our understanding of implementation science and practice by examining the natural variation in implementation and spread of ACP-GV with or without funded staff positions.
Critical psychiatry: an embarrassing hangover from the 1970s?
Authors: Double Duncan B.
Published: February 2020

Critical psychiatry is associated with anti-psychiatry and may therefore seem to be an embarrassing hangover from the 1970s. However, its essential position that functional mental illness should not be reduced to brain disease overlaps with historical debates in psychiatry more than is commonly appreciated. Three examples of non-reductive approaches, like critical psychiatry, in the history of psychiatry are considered.
Jobs and Matches: Quits, Replacement Hiring, and Vacancy Chains and Vacancy Chains
Authors: Mercan Yusuf , Schoefer Benjamin
Published: February 2020

In the canonical DMP model of job openings, all job openings stem from new job creation. Jobs denote worker-firm matches, which are destroyed following worker quits. Yet, employers classify 56 percent of vacancies as quit-driven replacement hiring into old jobs, which evidently outlived their previous matches. Accordingly, aggregate and firm-level hiring tightly track quits. We augment the DMP model with longer-lived jobs arising from sunk job creation costs and replacement hiring. Quits trigger vacancies, which beget vacancies through replacement hiring. This vacancy chain can raise total job openings and net employment. The procyclicality of quits can thereby amplify business cycles. (JEL E24, E32, J23, J31, J63)
Attention Management
Authors: Lipnowski Elliot , Mathevet Laurent , Wei Dong
Published: February 2020

Attention costs can cause some information to be ignored and decisions to be imperfect. Can we improve the material welfare of a rationally inattentive agent by restricting his information in the first place? In our model, a well-intentioned principal provides information to an agent for whom information is costly to process, but the principal does not internalize this cost. We show that full information is universally optimal if and only if the environment comprises one issue. With multiple issues, attention management becomes optimal: the principal restricts some information to induce the agent to pay attention to other aspects. (JEL D82, D83, D91)
Recent advances in understanding mesenchymal stromal cells
Authors: Rendra Erika , Scaccia Eleonora , Bieback Karen
Published: February 2020

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are among of the most studied cell type for cellular therapy thanks to the ease of isolation, cultivation, and the highex vivoexpansion potential. In 2018, the European Medicines Agency finally granted the first marketing authorization for an MSC product. Despite the numerous promising results in preclinical studies, translation into routine practice still lags behind: therapeutic benefits of MSCs are not as satisfactory in clinical trial settings as they appear to be in preclinical models. The bench-to-bedside-and-back approach and careful evaluation of discrepancies between preclinical and clinical results have provided valuable insights into critical components of MSC manufacturing, their mechanisms of action, and how to evaluate and quality-control them. We sum up these past developments in the introductory section (“Mesenchymal stromal cells: name follows function”). From the huge amount of information, we then selected a few examples to illustrate challenges and opportunities to improve MSCs for clinical purposes. These include tissue origin of MSCs, MSC culture conditions, immune compatibility, and route of application and dosing. Finally, we add some information on MSC mechanisms of action and translation into potency assays and give an outlook on future perspectives raising the question of whether the future clinical product may be cell-based or cell-derived.
Comparing drug regimens for clearance of malaria parasites in asymptomatic adults using PCR in Kilifi County, Kenya: an open-label randomised controlled clinical trial (MalPaC)
Authors: Khaemba Emma Nelima , Ogwang Caroline , Kinyanjui Sam , Muindi John Mutiso , Koske Joseph Kipsigei , Kimani Domtila , Ngoi Joyce , Mwacharo Jedidah , Shangala Jimmy , Njuguna Patricia , Mutinda Dennis , Nyatichi Emily , Peshu Judy , Mutinda Brian , Ndungu Francis M. , Farnert Anna , Bashraheil Mahfudh M. , Bejon Philip , Kapulu Melissa C.
Published: February 2020

Background: To restrict trial endpoints to infections acquired after vaccination in Phase IIb trials of candidate malaria vaccines, participants are treated with anti-malarial drugs to clear existing infections. Anti-malarial drugs with a long half-life may inhibit the acquisition of new infections. This study evaluated the effects of three anti-malarial drug regimens on the clearance of existing infections and acquisition of new infections.

Methods: An open-label randomised controlled trial (MalPaC) was conducted between November 2013 and February 2014. Ninety adults were randomised 1:1:1 to receive one of three treatments: atovaquone/proguanil and artesunate (AP+AS); artesunate (AS); or sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine, artesunate, and primaquine (SP+AS+PQ). Parasite monitoring was determined over 84-day follow-up by assessing Plasmodium falciparum positivity by 18s qPCR, live and sexual stage parasites by RT-PCR, and recrudescence of infections by msp2 genotyping.

Results: At enrolment, parasite prevalence by qPCR was 44% (40/90, day 0), which fell to 10% (9/90, day 16), then rose to almost the initial rates by day 84 (39%, 35/90). Individuals treated with AS and SP+AS+PQ were more likely to have higher qPCR positive rates compared to participants treated with AP+AS in the immediate post-treatment phase (days 16-28) (OR=7.7 [95%CI 4.6-12.8] p<0.0005 and OR=4.2 [95%CI 2.6-6.8] p<0.0005, respectively). In the immediate post-treatment phase, qPCR positivity was less likely associated with evidence of live parasites and gametocytaemia. Prevalence of “old”, “new” or “undetectable” infections did not differ significantly over time or drug regimen. However, participants on the AP+AS drug regimen were less likely to have parasite infection recrudescence compared to participants treated with AS and SP+AS+PQ.

Conclusion: Falciparum DNA remained detectable by PCR post-treatment with incomplete parasite clearance regardless of drug regimen. Though AP+AS drug regimen may also have partially suppressed the acquisition of new infections during post-treatment follow-up.

Trial registration: Pan African Clinical Trials Registry, 22nd of August 2013, PACTR201309000625311.
A simulation model of decision-making
Authors: Tregub Ilona , Goroshnikova Tat'yana
Published: February 2020

A tutorial on the basics of simulation modelling in problems of managerial decision-making, illustrated by numerous practical examples. Contains material contributing to the deepening of theoretical knowledge and practical skills of the student in the application of computer simulation modeling of economic, social and technological systems for the formation, adoption and implementation of managerial decisions.
Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation.
Intended for graduate students in the study of disciplines "Mathematical and instrumental methods of decision support" (area of training 09.04.03 Applied Informatics, master's program "Applied information science in analytical Economics") and "simulation modeling of economic and information systems (advanced course)" (specialty 01.04.02 - "Applied mathematics and computer science", master program "Quantitative methods in Finance and Economics"). Will be useful to undergraduate students as well as middle managers and senior managers to understand the methods of computer modeling in support of decision making and developing them on the basis of sound management decisions.
The ideology of old believers ' entrepreneurship in the XVIII — early XX centuries.
Authors: Titova Elena
Published: February 2020

The old believer entrepreneurship as a holistic socio-economic phenomenon in the history of Russia as a direction of social and economic thought still never found another proper scientific reflection, despite his advanced age of almost 350 years. Such a long period of existence makes to refer back to the question and think about the reasons for the emergence of old belief as a socio-economic phenomenon, its development, role in the spiritual and economic life of the country, that forces him to live and to survive. Undoubtedly, a special vitality to the old believers, the value of his spiritual and economic heritage by the fact that it was able to impose its own model of management, based on the Russian corporate spirit, ideals of the community, "households" moral and ethical standards of doing business.
The publication can be useful for students and professionals.
PROJECT AND PROGRAM MANAGEMENT WITH OPTIMIZATION OF THEIR FUNCTIONING
Authors: Davydova T. , Arsen'ev Yuriy , Shelobaev Sergey
Published: February 2020

The article examines the problems of project management related to their development and subsequent construction of large industrial facilities, optimization of processes and evaluation of efficiency in the process of selecting and searching for the best alternatives for the construction of facilities or enterprises in the region.
Distributionally Robust Design for Redundancy Allocation
Authors: Wang Shuming , Li Yan-Fu
Published: February 2020

In this paper, we consider a redundancy allocation problem for a series parallel system with uncertain component lifetimes that minimizes system costs while safeguarding system reliability over a given threshold level. We consider mixed redundancy strategies of cold standby and active redundancy with multiple types of components. We address lifetime uncertainty in the framework of distributionally robust optimization. In particular, we assume the probability distributions of the component lifetimes are not exactly known with only limited distributional information (e.g., mean, dispersion, and support) being available. We protect the worst-case system reliability constraint over all the possible component lifetime distributions that are consistent with the given distributional characteristics. The proposed modeling framework enjoys computationally attractive structures. The evaluation of the worst-case system reliability in our redundancy allocation problem can be transformed into a linear program, and the resulting overall redundancy allocation optimization problem can be cast as a mixed integer linear program that does not induce any additional integer variables (other than original allocation variables). In addition, the extreme joint distribution of component lifetimes can be efficiently recovered by solving a linear program. Our modeling framework can also be extended to incorporate the startup failures and common-cause failures for cold standbys and active parallels, respectively, to cater to more computationally complex settings. Finally, the computational experiments positively demonstrate the performance of the proposed approach in protecting system reliability.
Multiconstrained Finite-Horizon Piecewise Deterministic Markov Decision Processes with Unbounded Transition Rates
Authors: Huang Yonghui , Guo Xianping
Published: February 2020

This paper studies a multiconstrained problem for piecewise deterministic Markov decision processes (PDMDPs) with unbounded cost and transition rates. The goal is to minimize one type of expected finite-horizon cost over history-dependent policies while keeping some other types of expected finite-horizon costs lower than some tolerable bounds. Using the Dynkin formula for the PDMDPs, we obtain an equivalent characterization of occupancy measures and express the expected finite-horizon costs in terms of occupancy measures. Under suitable assumptions, the existence of constrained-optimal policies is shown, the linear programming formulation and its dual program for the constrained problem are derived, and the strong duality between the two programs is established. An example is provided to demonstrate our results.
The Paradox of Resource Provision in Entrepreneurial Teams: Between Self-Interest and the Collective Enterprise
Authors: Yang Tiantian , Bao Jiayi , Aldrich Howard
Published: February 2020

Viewing entrepreneurship as a form of collective action, this paper investigates the tension between an entrepreneurial team’s reliance on collective efforts for achieving success and individual members’ tendencies to withhold their personal resources. We argue that the precarious nature of the early founding stage and the difficulty of redeploying some resources for other uses amplify the risk of early-stage resource contributions and may lead to team members withholding resources or even free riding. Two conditions may help overcome such collective action problems: adopting a formal contract to specify rewards and sanctions and encouraging reciprocal exchange among team members through the lead entrepreneur’s voluntary contributions. Analyzing a nationally representative multiwave panel study of entrepreneurial teams in the United States, we show that early-stage team members are reluctant to provide resources tailored to the business, even though such resources are critical to venture survival. We find that presigned formal contracts and founding entrepreneurs’ initial contributions make members’ contributions of such resources much more likely. Lead entrepreneurs’ voluntary contributions to their businesses, signified by their provision of resources that impose high risks on themselves but increase the viability of the business, help mitigate collective action problems within entrepreneurial teams.
Do uniforme ao desuniforme: construção cartográfica de diferentes percepções a partir do vestuário estudantil
Authors: Perpétuo Nayara Chaves Ferreira , Lima Terezinha De Jesus Campos de , Azevedo Tiago Martins , Santana Jeane Sousa
Published: February 2020

A reflexão apresentada aqui emerge da prática da cartografia desenvolvida por designers em um processo colaborativo com participantes de uma exposição de uniformes escolares. A partir dessa experiência de design, que culmina em uma cartografia, apresentamos as percepções dos estudantes de tempos distintos – os de ontem e os de hoje – sabendo que, ao imaginar futuros possíveis, ambos continuam a escrever a história de uma instituição de ensino.
IMPASSE NO MODELO DE DESENVOLVIMENTO FLUMINENSE: O DESAFIO DE SUPERAR UMA CRISE ECONÔMICA E NÃO APENAS DAS FINANÇAS PÚBLICAS
Authors: Sobral Bruno Leonardo Barth
Published: February 2020

O Estado do Rio de Janeiro enfrenta um grave problema econômico que não se resume a aparência dos fatos que compõe a narrativa oficial do governo. Aspectos prioritários na raiz da questão serão tratados no presente artigo, o que envolve impasses no modelo de desenvolvimento como também tensões federativas. Dessa forma, visa desmistificar certos falácias no debate. Primeiro, deixar claro que a crise não é um problema exclusivo estadual quando a escala do problema é nacional, logo, discutir suas especificidades. Segundo, questionar se é razoável aceitar que governo federal assumindo papel só de credor, sem aceitar discutir assimetrias de poder no âmbito do pacto federativo. Terceiro, enfatizar a necessidade de articular uma solução para o problema das finanças públicas com os desafios de recuperação de uma grave crise econômica.
O DIREITO À MORADIA E AS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS HABITACIONAIS BRASILEIRAS DA SEGUNDA DÉCADA DO SÉCULO XXI
Authors: Lima Mateus Fernandes Vilela
Published: February 2020

O acelerado processo de urbanização brasileiro provocou intensa demanda de habitação sem que soluções de mercado atendessem as necessidades de moradia urbana. A questão habitacional tornou-se objeto de políticas públicas que historicamente não foram capazes de universalizar o acesso à moradia. O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar as Políticas Públicas Habitacionais brasileiras da Segunda Década do Século XXI. Analisa-se, portanto, o Programa habitacional Minha Casa Minha vida, a partir de uma concepção do direito à moradia adequada em que a habitação deve vir acompanhada de infraestrutura urbana que garanta dignidade aos seus moradores. Nesse sentido, afirma-se que a referida política não enfrentou o problema do custo da terra e a democratização do seu acesso. Além disso, destaca-se que o seu desenho institucional acabou por monopolizar todo o debate sobre moradia, negligenciando outras formas de produção habitacional.
Understanding complaints
Authors: Foster Sam
Published: February 2020

Sam Foster, Chief Nurse, Oxford University Hospitals, considers how the complaints from patients and staff have changed over the years and how a decision-making tool has helped her consider the issues
How to perform a conscious oral examination on a cat and what to look for
Authors: Long Emily
Published: February 2020

Diseases of the oral cavity are a common presentation in veterinary clinics. Veterinary nurses play a vital role in recognising issues that need veterinary intervention. Although teeth pay a big part in the oral examination, they are not the only structure to look at. This article aims to show you how to perform a good conscious oral examination on a cat, and what signs to look for as it involves more than just lifting the lips.
Systematic Review of Fire Needling or Warm Needling Treatment for Ankle Sprain
Authors: Ko Hong Je , Yoo Jae Hee , Kim Min Wook , Shin Jeong Cheol
Published: February 2020

The effectiveness of fire needling or warm needling treatment in clinical studies for the treatment of ankle sprains was reviewed using 4 international (PubMed, Cochrane library, EMBASE, CNKI) and 5 Korean databases (NDSL, RISS, KISS, OASIS, KTKP). Randomized controlled trials, that performed fire needling or warm needling treatment for ankle sprains until October, 2018 were retrieved (n = 8). All studies were performed in China, and 7 out of 8 studies were published within the last 5 years. There were 4 studies that used fire needling treatment, 3 studies used warm needling treatment, and 1 study used fire and warm needling treatment. The ashi-points and gallbladder meridian were the most frequently selected acupoint and meridian each. All intervention groups in the 8 studies showed statistically significant beneficial effects compared with control groups. The results of this study could provide preliminary data as the basis for welldesigned randomized controlled trials on fire needling or warm needling treatment for ankle sprains.
Practical anatomy teaching in medical schools
Authors: Abdulrahman A
Published: February 2020

Do UK medical schools provide their students with enough knowledge of anatomy?
Surgical treatment of the deformity in a handful of patients with epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is still marked by numerous controversies today despite constant advancement of scientific knowledge. The aim of the study was to determine, on the basis of medic
Authors: Kljenak Antun , Bašković Marko , Pešorda Domagoj , Pleškov Aleksandr , Ilić Maja Karaman , Sušić Slobodna Murat
Published: February 2020

Kirurško liječenje deformiteta šaka bolesnika s buloznom epidermolizom, unatoč stalnomu napretku znanstvenih spoznaja, još je idanas obilježeno brojnim prijeporima. Cilj istraživanja je na temelju medicinske dokumentacije utvrditi karakteristike, specifičnosti iishode svih bolesnika s buloznom epidermolizom koji su kirurški liječeni zbog deformiteta šake u Zagrebu u razdoblju od 1994. do2009. godine. Zagrebački kirurški protokol rekonstrukcije (ZSRP) deformiteta šake u bolesnika s buloznom epidermolizom (EB) jedinstven je alat standardiziranih postupaka i jasno definiranog algoritma. Analizirani su značajke i ishodi u bolesnika s buloznom epidermolizom skupine bolesnika liječenih u razdoblju od 1994. do 2001. sa skupinom bolesnika koji su kirurški liječeni od 2002. do 2009.godine (s follow upom od 2 godine poslije termina operacije) s obzirom na to da su od 2002. godine u kiruršku praksu uvedene novesmjernice s brojnim modifikacijama postupka (ZSRP).Primjena Zagrebačkog kirurškog protokola rekonstrukcije deformiteta šake u bolesnika s buloznom epidermolizom sa svojim inovativnim sastavnicama ima praktične prednosti u usporedbi s prethodno primjenjivanim kirurškim postupcima zbog svoje veće učinkovitosti uz redukciju ukupnih troškova liječenja. Uzimanjem presatka kože po metodi PRST postiže se brže cijeljenje donorskog područja, uz smanjenje rizika očekivanih komplikacija u usporedbi s klasičnim tehnikama uzimanja STSG presatka kože dermatomomili elektrodermatomom. Prema našem dosadašnjem 20-godišnjem iskustvu primjerena kirurška korekcija deformiteta šaka u bolesnika s EB-om omogućava uspješno višekratno ponavljanje kirurškog postupka koji je indiciran kao posljedica očekivane progresijelokalnog statusa zbog prirode same bolesti.
629. Vivienda y movilidad. Comportamiento residencial de la migración china en España
Authors: Zhong Wanchu , Beltrán Antolín Joaquín
Published: February 2020

En este artículo se analizan las características residenciales de la migración china en España. A partir del estado de la cuestión sobre su comportamiento residencial caracterizado por una elevada tasa de movilidad interna asociada fundamentalmente al trabajo y sus actividades económicas se introducirán otros factores más específicos como los vínculos residenciales transnacionales. Las fases de la trayectoria residencial que pasa por el alojamiento en viviendas de emergencia a otras de transición hasta alcanzar la estabilidad residencial será objeto de análisis para el caso de la migración china que ofrece algunas peculiaridades. También se analiza la compra de vivienda para residencia y/o inversión y la procedencia del capital para la misma. Finalmente se exponen varias trayectorias residenciales de migrantes chinos en España donde a partir de testimonios de migrantes chinos se muestra la complejidad de la relación entre vivienda y movilidad con peculiaridades chinas.
Pregnant Women's Reasons for and Experiences of Visiting Antiabortion Pregnancy Resource Centers
Authors: Kimport Katrina
Published: February 2020

CONTEXT

The primary mission of pregnancy resource centers is to dissuade women from choosing abortion. Reproductive health and rights advocates have asserted that these centers interfere in abortion decision making. However, the reasons pregnant women go to such centers and what they experience while there have not been examined.

METHODS

Between June 2015 and June 2017, in‐depth, semistructured phone interviews were conducted with 21 pregnant women who had presented at prenatal care clinics in southern Louisiana and Baltimore, Maryland, and who had visited a pregnancy resource center. Topics covered in the interviews included reasons for visiting a center and the experience of the visit. Transcripts were analyzed first thematically and then using grounded theory.

RESULTS

Most of the women were low income and had not been considering abortion when they visited a pregnancy resource center. Respondents reported that they had gone to these centers for pregnancy‐related services, material goods and social support. They chose these centers because the resources were free, and they were largely satisfied with their experiences. Nonetheless, their receipt of services and goods was limited and often contingent on participation in the centers’ activities.

CONCLUSIONS

Pregnancy resource centers play a role in meeting the acute material and social needs of low‐income pregnant women. However, the constraints on the resources the centers offer mean that this support cannot be part of a reliable system of care. Advocates and policymakers should take a nuanced approach to regulating these centers and consider the reasons women visit them, especially low‐income women.
Known-plaintext attack to optical encryption systems with space and polarization encoding
Authors: Jiao Shuming , Gao Yang , Lei Ting , Yuan Xiaocong
Published: February 2020

Space-based optical encryption (SBOE) and double random polarization encoding (DRPO) are previously considered to be more secure than common random-phase-encoding-based optical cryptosystems. The known-plaintext attack (KPA) to SBOE and DRPO was seldomly investigated in the past. A matrix regression approach based on training samples is proposed in this paper to crack these two optical cryptosystems. The relationship between plaintexts and ciphertexts is directly modeled by a complex-amplitude weighting matrix, which is optimized by a gradient descent algorithm. This approach has a simple model compared with deep learning and the KPA can be implemented without recovering the exact key. Our proposed KPA schemes reveal the security flaws of SBOE and DRPO, as well as other linear optical cryptosystems.
Evaluation of visible NIR-I and NIR-II light penetration for photoacoustic imaging in rat organs
Authors: Sun Aihui , Guo Heng , Gan Qi , Yang Lei , Liu Qiang , Xi Lei
Published: February 2020

In this study, we evaluate the penetration capability of light in visible, near-infrared-I (NIR-I) and near-infrared–II (NIR-II) optical windows for photoacoustic macroscale imaging inside 9 biological tissues with three typical penetration depths. An acoustic resolution photoacoustic microscopy is designed to guarantee the consistent experiment conditions except excitation wavelength. Experimental results show that short NIR-II (1000-1150 nm) shows the best performance inside kidney, spleen and liver tissues at all depths, while NIR-I (700-1000 nm) works better for muscle, stomach, heart and brain tissues, especially in deep imaging. This study proposes the optimal selection of illumination wavelengths for photoacoustic macroscale imaging in rat organs, which enables the best signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the observed target.
Conservative multi-exponential scheme for solving the direct Zakharov–Shabat scattering problem
Authors: Medvedev Sergey , Chekhovskoy Igor , Vaseva Irina , Fedoruk Mikhail
Published: February 2020

The direct Zakharov–Shabat scattering problem has recently gained significant attention in various applications of fiber optics. The development of accurate and fast algorithms with low computational complexity to solve the Zakharov–Shabat problem (ZSP) remains an urgent problem in optics. In this Letter, a fourth-order multi-exponential scheme is proposed for the Zakharov–Shabat system. The construction of the scheme is based on a fourth-order three-exponential scheme and Suzuki factorization. This allows one to apply the fast algorithms with low complexity to calculate the ZSP for a large number of spectral parameters. The scheme conserves the quadratic invariant for real spectral parameters, which is important for various telecommunication problems related to information coding.
Risks associated with Logistics 4.0 and their minimization using Blockchain
Authors: Kodym Oldřich , Kubáč Lukáš , Kavka Libor
Published: February 2020

Currently we are saying that we are at the dawn of the fourth revolution, which is marked by using cyberphysical systems and the Internet of Things. This is marked as Industry 4.0 (I4.0). With Industry 4.0 is also closely linked concept Logistics 4.0. The highly dynamic and uncertain logistic markets and huge logistic networks require new methods, products and services. The concept of the Internet of Things and Services (IoT&S), Big Data/ Data Mining (DM), cloud computing, 3D printing, Blockchain and cyber physical system (CPS) etc. seem to be the probable technical solution for that. However, associated risks hamper its implementation and lack a comprehensive overview. In response, the paper proposes a framework of risks in the context of Logistics 4.0. They are here economic risks, that are associated e.g. with high or false investments. From a social perspective, risks the job losses, are considered too. Additionally, risks can be associated with technical risks, e.g. technical integration, information technology (IT)-related risks such as data security, and legal and political risks, such as for instance unsolved legal clarity in terms of data possession. It is therefore necessary to know the potential risks in the implementation process.
A Picture-Book Based Corpus Study on the Acquisition of wh-words in Japanese
Authors: Ito Natsue , Tamaoka Katsuo , Mansbridge Michael Patrick
Published: February 2020

Clancy (1989. Form and function in the acquisition of Korean wh-questions. Journal of Child Language, 16(2), 323–47) claims that the developmental order of wh-questions in first language acquisition follows the order: what = where<who<how=why<when. Forner (1979. The mother as LAD: interaction between order and frequency of parental input and child production. In A. Hastings & F. R. Eckman (Eds.), Studies in first and second language acquisition (pp. 17–44). New York, NY: Newbury House Publishers) further argues that a mother’s order of introducing wh-questions might be influenced by her assumption of a child’s cognitive development. Similarly, the target age for picture books might also reflect an adult’s assumption of the child’s cognitive development. Accordingly, this study investigates a Japanese picture book corpus to determine whether the order of appearance for wh-words mirrors that of Clancy’s developmental order. As a result, the appearance of Japanese wh-words in the picture books were similar to Clancy’s (1989. Form and function in the acquisition of Korean wh-questions. Journal of Child Language, 16(2), 323–47) order except for the question dou ‘how’. Because dou and the English ‘how’ have different ranges of meaning, the data were reanalyzed which resulted in an order more similar to Clancy’s. These results suggest that the target age of picture books reflect the adult’s assumption of a child’s cognitive development. Picture books might also influence a caregivers’ order of introducing wh-words. In conclusion, this study implies external social factor such as picture books, together with other factors, might influence the children’s wh-developmental order.
Dative Alternation in Nigerian English: A Corpus-based Approach
Authors: Akinlotan Mayowa , Akinmade Akande
Published: February 2020

Dative alternation is that sort of construction which requires a choice from two available choices; the double object (DOC) (i. e. Please give Mary the book) and the preposition construction (TOC) (i. e. Please give the book to Mary). Empirical evidence detailing the characteristics and motivations of dative choices in different varieties have been put forward in the literature. Albeit, nothing is known about the nature and motivations of this phenomenon in Nigerian variety of English, an important source of empirical evidence in the English-world-wide paradigm. With 739 sentences extracted from International Corpus of English, we examined the effects of 16 predictors on this construction in the Nigerian variety; showing how the behavior of these predictors compares with findings reported in other varieties. Among other findings, we found that overall Nigerian variety is closer to American variety than Indian variety, and pronominality as the strongest predictor, outweighing register as a reputable predictor.
Die Sprachen der Neuen Welt in Belegen deutscher Sprachdenker des 17. und 18. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Roelcke Thorsten
Published: February 2020

In dem Heidelberger Forschungsprojekt zur deutschen Sprachreflexion des Barock und der Aufklärung wurden einige Bemerkungen zu den Sprachen der Neuen Welt gefunden; diese werden hier gezeigt und kurz erläutert.
Dynamical Study of Competition Cournot-like Duopoly Games Incorporating Fractional Order Derivatives and Seasonal Influences
Authors: Al-khedhairi Abdulrahman
Published: February 2020

Cournot’s game is one of the most distinguished and influential economic models. However, the classical integer order derivatives utilized in Cournot’s game lack the efficiency to simulate the significant memory characteristics observed in many economic systems. This work aims at introducing a dynamical study of a more realistic proposed competition Cournot-like duopoly game having fractional order derivatives. Sufficient conditions for existence and uniqueness of the new model’s solution are obtained. The existence and local stability analysis of Nash equilibrium points along with other equilibrium points are examined. Some aspects of global stability analysis are treated. More significantly, the effects of seasonal periodic perturbations of parameters values are also explored. The multiscale fuzzy entropy measurements for complexity are employed for this case. Numerical simulations are presented in order to verify the analytical results. It is observed that the time-varying parameters induce very complicated dynamics in perturbed Cournot duopoly game compared with the unperturbed game.
The influence of restless legs symptoms on musculoskeletal pain in depression
Authors: Auvinen Piritta , Koponen Hannu , Kautiainen Hannu , Korniloff Katariina , Ahonen Tiina , Vanhala Mauno , Mäntyselkä Pekka
Published: February 2020

Background and aims

Restless legs syndrome is a sensorimotor disorder associated with mental health conditions notably depression. Restless legs symptoms and depression are commonly associated with pain. The study investigated the influence of restless legs symptoms on musculoskeletal pain in patients with depression or with increased depressive symptoms.

Methods

A cross-sectional study of primary care patients in the Central Finland Hospital District. The prevalence of restless legs symptoms was studied in patients with depressive symptoms (n = 695) and controls without a psychiatric diagnosis (n = 410) by using a structured questionnaire. The depressive symptoms were evaluated with the Beck Depression Inventory and the psychiatric diagnosis was confirmed by means of a diagnostic interview (MINI). The prevalence and intensity of musculoskeletal pain was captured with form-based questions. A single-question screen for restless legs symptoms was applied.

Results

There was a significant difference in the prevalence of continuous widespread musculoskeletal pain between the three study groups: the controls 4.6% (95% CI: 2.8–7.1), the patients with symptoms of depression without a diagnosis 16.0% (11.7–21.1), and the patients with diagnosed depression 22.1% (18.3–23.3) (p = 0.006 after being adjusted for age, sex, smoking, use of alcohol, education years, body mass index, use of antidepressants, and physical activity, after multiple corrections, all groups were significantly different from each other). Compared with those not having restless legs symptoms, subjects with restless legs symptoms had more often continuous widespread musculoskeletal pain in the control subjects (p = 0.001; 2.3% vs. 10.5%) and in the patients with depressive symptoms without a depression diagnosis (p = 0.024; 9.1 vs. 18.7%) but not in those with diagnosed depression (p = 0.98; 19.5 vs. 19.4%). The restless legs symptoms were associated with the intensity of pain in all groups (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Restless legs symptoms were related to continuous widespread musculoskeletal pain in subjects without depressive symptoms and in patients with depressive symptoms without a depression diagnosis. Pain intensity was higher in the subjects with restless legs symptoms regardless of depressive symtoms or depression.

Implications

Clinical management of pain in patients with restless legs symptoms should include an increased focus on the prevention and treatment of either conditions.
Análisis de la variación del flujo magnético alrededor de defectos rectangulares y triangulares en placas ferromagnéticas
Authors: Peña-Valerio Oscar Luis , Villegas-Saucillo J Jesús , Herrera-May Agustín Leobardo , Hermida-Blanco Carlos Eduardo
Published: February 2020

El presente artículo, enmarcado en el contexto del proyecto Desarrollo de un sistema experto para el modelado y monitoreo de grietas superficiales (tipo triangular y rectangular) en tuberías ferromagnéticas usando el método de memoria magnética, presenta el análisis de la variación del flujo magnético alrededor de defectos rectangulares y triangulares en placas ferromagnéticas. Este análisis utiliza una metodología con un estudio exploratorio de modelos numéricos a partir de modelos analíticos existentes. Los modelos numéricos obtenidos servirán como base al compararlos con resultados experimentales para cuantificar la magnitud de los defectos. Los resultados determinaron, a través del análisis de datos, que es posible detectar y clasificar, con un alto grado de certidumbre y alto nivel de confiabilidad, el tamaño y la forma de los defectos superficiales tipo rectangular y triangular mediante los componentes tangencial y normal de esos defectos.
Dos años de observaciones de temperatura superficial del aire y del suelo en la vertiente norte del volcán Pico de Orizaba, México
Authors: Soto Victor H. , Delgado G. Hugo
Published: February 2020

En las montañas de México existe carencia de registros climatológicos por encima de la línea de bosque. En este trabajo se observó durante dos años la temperatura del aire y de la superficie del suelo en cuatro distintas altitudes entre el límite superior del bosque y el límite inferior del glaciar en la vertiente norte del volcán Pico de Orizaba. Los resultados indican una fuerte correlación aire-suelo en las cotas más bajas, cuya intensidad tiende a decrecer con la altitud al igual que la oscilación térmica. La acción aislante de la nieve ocasiona que la temperatura del suelo permanezca casi constante durante su presencia, lo cual influye en el índice de correlación con el aire. Considerando la cuasi permanencia de los ciclos hielo-deshielo y la baja oscilación térmica en los límites del glaciar, se observa que la temperatura se mantiene cerca del punto de congelamiento a esta altitud durante el año.
Reserved Abundance:
Authors: Erkal Namık
Published: February 2020

Preindustrial public and state granaries were utilitarian buildings, but they were also instruments of food security regimes, representing a government's promise of abundance for its people. In the early modern period such granaries became widespread across Asia, Europe, and European colonies, ranging from territorial storehouse networks to monumental civic buildings near city centers. In Reserved Abundance: State Granaries of Early Modern Istanbul, Namık Erkal discusses Ottoman Istanbul's state granaries, using primary textual and visual sources to trace the type's evolution from modified, repurposed buildings (e.g., shipsheds and bathhouses) to purpose-built storehouses. He also evaluates the forms and importance of storage systems such as encased single-layer and double-stacked wooden grain bins. Erkal defines the capacities, dimensions, and variations of Istanbul's granaries, maps their locations in relation to major urban functions and locales, and compares them with similar buildings within and outside Ottoman domains.
Western Esotericism in Brazil
Authors: Hayes Kelly E.
Published: February 2020

The Brazilian religion known as the Valley of the Dawn is an international new religious movement known for its eclectic cosmology and collective rituals performed by adepts dressed in ornate garments. Headquartered outside of Brasília, the Valley of the Dawn was founded in the 1960s by Neiva Chaves Zelaya (1925–85) a clairvoyant medium affectionately referred to as Aunt Neiva. This article highlights the work of Mário Sassi (1921–94) and the significance of esoteric thought in the development of the movement’s Doctrine. An early convert who became Aunt Neiva’s life partner, Sassi was an intellectual seeker who drew selectively on esoteric ideas popularized through theosophical and spiritist texts to interpret and systematize Aunt Neiva’s visions. Together Aunt Neiva and Mário Sassi created a Brazilian form of Western esotericism that today includes over 600 affiliated temples across Brazil and worldwide.
IFNT-independent effects of intrauterine extracellular vesicles (EVs) in cattle
Authors: Nakamura Keigo , Kusama Kazuya , Ideta Atsushi , Imakawa Kazuhiko , Hori Masatoshi
Published: February 2020

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) present in uterine lumen are involved in conceptus-endometrial interactions during the pre-implantation period. Despite numerous studies conducted on interferon tau (IFNT), a major protein of maternal recognition of pregnancy, the effect of intrauterine EVs on the endometrium during pre-implantation periods has not been well-characterized. To characterize conceptus-derived intrauterine EVs independent of IFNT, transcripts found from RNA-seq analysis in RNAs extracted from primary bovine endometrial epithelial cells (EECs) treated with cyclic day 17 (C17) EVs, pregnant day 17 (P17) EVs or IFNT were analyzed. These analyses identified 82 transcripts uniquely induced by IFNT-independent P17 EVs, of which a large number of transcripts were associated with ‘the TNF signaling pathway’ and ‘Inflammatory response’. Moreover, high expression of CD40L, a member of the TNF superfamily, and its receptor CD40 were found in P17 EVs and in EECs, respectively. Furthermore, the expression of TNF signaling pathway-related genes was up-regulated by the treatment with P17 EVs, but these increases were down-regulated by NF-kB signaling inhibitor. These findings suggest that P17 EVs could induce a pro-inflammatory response in the endometrium, independent of IFNT, to regulate uterine receptivity, facilitating conceptus implantation.
Features Of Research Of Individual Samples Of Lighting Weapons
Authors: Tyshchenko V.I. , Hretskykh O.V.
Published: February 2020

The article deals with the research of individual samples of firearms cartridges (in particular, special bullets) in the course of forensic ballistic examination as a separate branch of forensic equipment in the conditions of dangerous tendency of mass distribution of illegal firearms in Ukraine. The main forensic features of special balls, their classification and dangerous factors are characterized. The backlog of approaches laid down in the current identification methodology has been identified and the practical need for its updating has been updated.