bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Policy Representation Learning for Multiobjective Reservoir Policy Design With Different Objective Dynamics
Authors: Zaniolo Marta , Giuliani Matteo , Castelletti Andrea
Published: November 2021

Most water reservoir operators make use of forecasts to inform their decisions and enhance water systems flexibility and resilience by anticipating hydrological extremes. Yet, despite numerous candidate hydro‐meteorological variables and forecast horizons may potentially be beneficial to operations, the best information set for a given problem is often not evident. Additionally, in multipurpose systems characterized by multiple demands with varying vulnerabilities and temporal scales, this information set might change according to the objective tradeoff. In this work, we contribute a novel method to learn the optimal policy representation (i.e., policy input set) by combining a feature selection routine with a multiobjective Direct Policy Search framework in order to retrieve the best policy input set online (i.e., while learning the policy) and dynamically with the objective trade‐off. The selected policy search routine is the Neuro‐Evolutionary Multi‐Objective Direct Policy Search (NEMODPS) which generates flexible policy shapes adaptive to online changes in the input set. This approach is demonstrated on the case study of Lake Como (Italy), where the operating objectives are highly heterogeneous in their dynamics (fast and slow) and vulnerabilities (wet and dry extremes). We show how varying objectives, and tradeoffs therein, benefit from a different policy representation, ultimately yielding remarkable results in terms of conflict mitigation between different users. More informed policies, moreover, show higher robustness when re‐evaluated across a suite of different hydrological conditions.
RNA demethylase ALKBH5 promotes tumorigenesis in multiple myeloma via TRAF1-mediated activation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways
Authors: Qu Jianwei , Hou Yifan , Chen Qingxiao , Chen Jing , Li Yi , Zhang Enfan , Gu Huiyao , Xu Ruyi , Liu Yang , Cao Wen , Zhang Jinna , Cao Liqin , He Jingsong , Cai Zhen
Published: November 2021

N6-methyladenosine (m6A), an internal modification in mRNA, plays a critical role in regulating gene expression. Dysregulation of m6A modifiers promotes oncogenesis through enzymatic functions that disrupt the balance between the deposition and removal of m6A modification on critical transcripts. However, the roles of mRNA m6A in multiple myeloma (MM) are poorly understood. The present study showed that RNA demethylase ALKBH5 was overexpressed in MM and associated with a poor prognosis in MM patients. Knocking down ALKBH5 induced apoptosis and inhibited the growth of MM cells in vitro. Xenograft models and gene set enrichment analysis with patient transcriptome datasets also supported the oncogenic role of ALKBH5 in MM. Mechanistic studies showed that ALKBH5 exerted tumorigenic effects in myeloma in an m6A-dependent manner, and TNF receptor-associated factor 1 (TRAF1) was a critical target of ALKBH5. Specifically, ALKBH5 regulated TRAF1 expression via decreasing m6A abundance in the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of TRAF1 transcripts and enhancing TRAF1 mRNA stability. As a result, ALKBH5 promoted MM cell growth and survival through TRAF1-mediated activation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Collectively, our data demonstrated that ALKBH5 played a critical role in MM tumorigenesis and suggested that ALKBH5 could be a novel therapeutic target in MM.
Pharmaco-proteogenomic profiling of pediatric diffuse midline glioma to inform future treatment strategies
Authors: Findlay Izac J. , De Iuliis Geoffry N. , Duchatel Ryan J. , Jackson Evangeline R. , Vitanza Nicholas A. , Cain Jason E. , Waszak Sebastian M. , Dun Matthew D.
Published: November 2021

Diffuse midline glioma (DMG) is a deadly pediatric and adolescent central nervous system (CNS) tumor localized along the midline structures of the brain atop the spinal cord. With a median overall survival (OS) of just 9–11-months, DMG is characterized by global hypomethylation of histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27me3), driven by recurring somatic mutations in H3 genes including,HIST1H3B/C(H3.1K27M) orH3F3A(H3.3K27M), or through overexpression ofEZHIPin patients harboring wildtype H3. The recent World Health Organization’s 5th Classification of CNS Tumors now designates DMG as, ‘H3 K27-altered’, suggesting that global H3K27me3 hypomethylation is a ubiquitous feature of DMG and drives devastating transcriptional programs for which there are no treatments. H3-alterations co-segregate with various other somatic driver mutations, highlighting the high-level of intertumoral heterogeneity of DMG. Furthermore, DMG is also characterized by very high-level intratumoral diversity with tumors harboring multiple subclones within each primary tumor. Each subclone contains their own combinations of driver and passenger lesions that continually evolve, making precision-based medicine challenging to successful execute. Whilst the intertumoral heterogeneity of DMG has been extensively investigated, this is yet to translate to an increase in patient survival. Conversely, our understanding of the non-genomic factors that drive the rapid growth and fatal nature of DMG, including endogenous and exogenous microenvironmental influences, neurological cues, and the posttranscriptional and posttranslational architecture of DMG remains enigmatic or at best, immature. However, these factors are likely to play a significant role in the complex biological sequelae that drives the disease. Here we summarize the heterogeneity of DMG and emphasize how analysis of the posttranslational architecture may improve treatment paradigms. We describe factors that contribute to treatment response and disease progression, as well as highlight the potential for pharmaco-proteogenomics (i.e., the integration of genomics, proteomics and pharmacology) in the management of this uniformly fatal cancer.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Targeting KDM4A-AS1 represses AR/AR-Vs deubiquitination and enhances enzalutamide response in CRPC
Authors: Zhang Boya , Zhang Mingpeng , Yang Yanjie , Li Qi , Yu Jianpeng , Zhu Shimiao , Niu Yuanjie , Shang Zhiqun
Published: November 2021

Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is a highly malignant type of advanced cancer resistant to androgen deprivation therapy. One of the important mechanisms for the development of CRPC is the persistent imbalanced regulation of AR and AR splice variants (AR/AR-Vs). In this study, we reported KDM4A-AS1, a recently discovered lncRNA, as a tumor promoter that was significantly increased in CRPC cell lines and cancer tissues. Depletion of KDM4A-AS1 significantly reduced cell viability, proliferation, migration in vitro, and tumor growth in vivo. We found that by binding to the NTD domain, KDM4A-AS1 enhances the stability of USP14-AR/AR-Vs complex, and promoted AR/AR-Vs deubiquitination to protect it from MDM2-mediated ubiquitin-proteasome degradation. Moreover, KDM4A-AS1 was found to enhance CRPC drug resistance to enzalutamide by repressing AR/AR-Vs degradation; antisense oligonucleotide drugs targeting KDM4A-AS1 significantly reduced the growth of tumors with enzalutamide resistance. Taken together, our results indicated that KDM4A-AS1 played an important role in the progression of CRPC and enzalutamide resistance by regulating AR/AR-Vs deubiquitination; targeting KDM4A-AS1 has broad clinical application potential.
proBDNF expression induces apoptosis and inhibits synaptic regeneration by regulating the RhoA-JNK pathway in an in vitro post-stroke depression model
Authors: Yang Bangkun , Wang Lesheng , Nie Ying , Wei Wei , Xiong Wenping
Published: November 2021

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an important role in the pathophysiology of post-stroke depression (PSD). However, the precise function and potential mechanism of proBDNF, the precursor form of BDNF, are unknown. In our study, a PSD-like model was established by treating neuronal cells with oxygen-glucose deprivation and corticosterone. We found that the protein proBDNF levels were significantly higher in the cortex and hippocampus in the PSD group than in the control group, suggesting that proBDNF plays a role in the pathophysiology of PSD. Furthermore, we re-established the PSD-like cell model using recombinant p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) or silencing c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and found that the PSD-induced upregulation of proBDNF was inhibited by recombinant p75NTR and JNK silencing (siJNK), and increased cellular apoptosis. Moreover, the application of recombinant p75NTR and siJNK in the PSD-like cell model significantly reversed the expression of apoptosis-related and depression-related proteins and decreased cellular apoptosis. Our findings suggest that proBDNF is involved in neural plasticity in PSD in vitro. The RhoA-JNK signaling pathway is activated after proBDNF binds to the p75NTR receptor, followed by the expression of apoptosis-related proteins (PSD95, synaptophysin, and P-cofilin), which contribute to PSD progression. The mechanism might involve the promotion of cellular apoptosis and the inhibition of nerve synapses regeneration by proBDNF.
Small nucleolar RNA 42 promotes the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma through the p53 signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Ganggang , Li Jinghua , Yao Ye , Liu Yingyi , Xia Peng , Zhang Hao , Yin Maohui , Qin Zhixiang , Ma Weijie , Yuan Yufeng
Published: November 2021

Recent studies show that small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) play an important role in tumorigenesis. SNORA42 is a potential therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker for various cancers, and the aim of the present study was to investigate the function and clinical relevance of SNORA42 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We detected the expression levels of SNORA42 in HCC and normal liver tissue samples, as well as in tumor and hepatocyte-derived cell lines. SNORA42 was significantly upregulated in the HCC tissues and cells compared to the adjacent liver tissues and normal hepatocytes. Furthermore, overexpression of SNORA42 correlated with poor prognosis in the HCC patients. Knocking down SNORA42 in HCC cell lines decreased their proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro, and inhibited tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. In contrast, ectopic expression of SNORA42 promoted HCC cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis. Mechanistically, SNORA42 exerted its oncogenic effects by targeting the p53 signaling pathway and cell cycle transition. In conclusion, SNORA42 acted as an oncogene in HCC and was a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target.
Three faces of biofilms: a microbial lifestyle, a nascent multicellular organism, and an incubator for diversity
Authors: Penesyan Anahit , Paulsen Ian T. , Kjelleberg Staffan , Gillings Michael R.
Published: November 2021

Biofilms are organised heterogeneous assemblages of microbial cells that are encased within a self-produced matrix. Current estimates suggest that up to 80% of bacterial and archaeal cells reside in biofilms. Since biofilms are the main mode of microbial life, understanding their biology and functions is critical, especially as controlling biofilm growth is essential in industrial, infrastructure and medical contexts. Here we discuss biofilms both as collections of individual cells, and as multicellular biological individuals, and introduce the concept of biofilms as unique incubators of diversity for the microbial world.
Triangulation supports agricultural spread of the Transeurasian languages
Authors: Robbeets Martine , Bouckaert Remco , Conte Matthew , Savelyev Alexander , Li Tao , An Deog-Im , Shinoda Ken-ichi , Cui Yinqiu , Kawashima Takamune , Kim Geonyoung , Uchiyama Junzo , Dolińska Joanna , Oskolskaya Sofia , Yamano Ken-Yōjiro , Seguchi Noriko , Tomita Hirotaka , Takamiya Hiroto , Kanzawa-Kiriyama Hideaki , Oota Hiroki , Ishida Hajime , Kimura Ryosuke , Sato Takehiro , Kim Jae-Hyun , Deng Bingcong , Bjørn Rasmus , Rhee Seongha , Ahn Kyou-Dong , Gruntov Ilya , Mazo Olga , Bentley John R. , Fernandes Ricardo , Roberts Patrick , Bausch Ilona R. , Gilaizeau Linda , Yoneda Minoru , Kugai Mitsugu , Bianco Raffaela A. , Zhang Fan , Himmel Marie , Hudson Mark J. , Ning Chao
Published: November 2021

The origin and early dispersal of speakers of Transeurasian languages—that is, Japanese, Korean, Tungusic, Mongolic and Turkic—is among the most disputed issues of Eurasian population history1–3. A key problem is the relationship between linguistic dispersals, agricultural expansions and population movements4,5. Here we address this question by ‘triangulating’ genetics, archaeology and linguistics in a unified perspective. We report wide-ranging datasets from these disciplines, including a comprehensive Transeurasian agropastoral and basic vocabulary; an archaeological database of 255 Neolithic–Bronze Age sites from Northeast Asia; and a collection of ancient genomes from Korea, the Ryukyu islands and early cereal farmers in Japan, complementing previously published genomes from East Asia. Challenging the traditional ‘pastoralist hypothesis’6–8, we show that the common ancestry and primary dispersals of Transeurasian languages can be traced back to the first farmers moving across Northeast Asia from the Early Neolithic onwards, but that this shared heritage has been masked by extensive cultural interaction since the Bronze Age. As well as marking considerable progress in the three individual disciplines, by combining their converging evidence we show that the early spread of Transeurasian speakers was driven by agriculture.
GPCR activation mechanisms across classes and macro/microscales
Authors: Hauser Alexander S. , Kooistra Albert J. , Munk Christian , Heydenreich Franziska M. , Veprintsev Dmitry B. , Bouvier Michel , Babu M. Madan , Gloriam David E.
Published: November 2021

Two-thirds of human hormones and one-third of clinical drugs activate ~350 G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) belonging to four classes: A, B1, C and F. Whereas a model of activation has been described for class A, very little is known about the activation of the other classes, which differ by being activated by endogenous ligands bound mainly or entirely extracellularly. Here we show that, although they use the same structural scaffold and share several ‘helix macroswitches’, the GPCR classes differ in their ‘residue microswitch’ positions and contacts. We present molecular mechanistic maps of activation for each GPCR class and methods for contact analysis applicable for any functional determinants. This provides a superfamily residue-level rationale for conformational selection and allosteric communication by ligands and G proteins, laying the foundation for receptor-function studies and drugs with the desired modality.
Method for analysis of environmental lead contamination in soils
Authors: Beardsley Chloe A. , Fuller Kai Z. , Reilly Thomas H. , Henry Charles S.
Published: November 2021

A method for lead (Pb) detection in soil is presented.
Synthesis of functionalized benzimidazoles via oxidative tandem quartic C–H aminations and cleavage of C–N and C–C bonds
Authors: Liang Taoyuan , Zhao He , Gong Lingzhen , Jiang Huanfeng , Zhang Min
Published: November 2021

By merging aerobic copper-catalyzed tandem quartic C–H aminations with the deconstructive functionalization of cyclic amines, a new synthesis of functionalized benzimidazoles from aniline derivatives and 2-substituted cyclic amines is demonstrated.
New insight into the inductive effect of various seeds on the template-free synthesis of ZSM-5 zeolite
Authors: Li Qiang , Cong Wenwen , Xu Changyou , Zhang Shuaiguo , Wang Fang , Han Dezhi , Wang Guangjian , Bing Liancheng
Published: November 2021

This work enables us to obtain an improved understanding of the role of seeds in the template-free synthesis of zeolite.
Stabilized covalent interfacial coupling design of Li3V2(PO4)3 with carbon framework for boosting lithium storage kinetics
Authors: Guo Donglei , Yang Mengmeng , Yang Mengke , Yang Taixin , Hu Guobin , Liu Huigen , Liu Guilong , Wu Naiteng , Qin Aimiao , Liu Xianming
Published: November 2021

LVP@C with stabilized electronic conductive layer is prepared by a facile organic–inorganic hybrid hydrogel-enabled methodology, in which LVP is chemically interacting with carbon framework via P–C and P–O–C bonds.
Four MOFs with isomeric ligands as fluorescent probes for highly selective, sensitive and stable detection of antibiotics in water
Authors: Bai Ye , Zhang Mei-li , Wang Bo-Tao , Ren Yi-Xia , Zhao Yu-Chao , Yang Hua , Yang Xiaogang
Published: November 2021

Four complexes showed excellent discriminative probes for cefixime (CEF) and tetracycline (TEC) based on their sensitive fluorescence quenching. The PET and IFE effects resulted in high sensitivity and selectivity for the detection of CEF and TEC.
A theoretical study of the electrochemical reduction of CO2 on cerium dioxide supported palladium single atoms and nanoparticles
Authors: Guo Yannv , Zhu Haiyan , Zhao He , Zhao Qinfu , Zhou Caihua , Suo Bingbing , Zou Wenli , Jiang Zhenyi , Li Yawei
Published: November 2021

The higher catalytic activity of cerium dioxide supported Pd8 nanoparticles over the supported single atoms was demonstrated by comparing the overpotential of the best reaction path.
Emergence of carbon nanoscrolls from single walled carbon nanotubes: an oxidative route
Authors: Saini Sonia , Reshmi S. , Gouda Girish M. , Bhattacharjee Kuntala
Published: November 2021

Formation of CNS from SWNTs: TEM depiction.
Rotational action spectroscopy of trapped molecular ions
Authors: Asvany Oskar , Schlemmer Stephan
Published: November 2021

Rotational action spectroscopy is an experimental method in which rotational spectra of molecules, typically in the microwave to sub-mm-wave domain of the electromagnetic spectrum (∼1–1000 GHz), are recorded by action spectroscopy.
A multifunctional 2D black phosphorene-based platform for improved photovoltaics
Authors: Zhang Meng , Biesold Gill M. , Lin Zhiqun
Published: November 2021

A multifunctional 2D black phosphorene-based platform enables improved photovoltaicsviatailoring carrier dynamics, light harvesting, exciton dissociation and light absorber morphology.
Lanthanum modified Fe-ZSM-5 zeolites for selective methane oxidation with H2O2
Authors: Sun Songmei , Barnes Alexandra J. , Gong Xiaoxiao , Lewis Richard J. , Dummer Nicholas F. , Bere Takudzwa , Shaw Greg , Richards Nia , Morgan David J. , Hutchings Graham J.
Published: November 2021

Lanthanum modified Fe-ZSM-5 catalyst can both increase selective methane oxidation performance and decrease H2O2 consumption.
Facile access to halogenated cationic BC-centered organoborons isoelectronic with alkenyl halides
Authors: Xiang Libo , Wang Junyi , Su Wei , Lin Zhenyang , Ye Qing
Published: November 2021

A facile strategy to prepare halogenated cationic BC-centered organoboron analogues of alkenyl halides via the reaction between carbodiphosphoranes (CDPs) and aryl dihaloboranes was reported.
Challenges and policy implications of long-term changes in mass absorption cross-section derived from equivalent black carbon and elemental carbon measurements in London and south-east England in 2014–2019
Authors: Ciupek Krzysztof , Quincey Paul , Green David C. , Butterfield David , Fuller Gary W.
Published: November 2021

This paper concludes that mass absorption cross-section (MAC) values in London, UK have changed over time. It provides possible explanations and highlights implications for the interpretation of long-term trends.
Uptake and depuration of carbon- and boron nitride-based nanomaterials in the protozoa Tetrahymena thermophila
Authors: Mortimer Monika , Kefela Timnit , Trinh Anne , Holden Patricia A.
Published: November 2021

Quantifying bioaccumulation is important in environmental contaminant risk assessment.
Directly decorated CeY zeolite for O2-selective adsorption in O2/N2 separation at ambient temperature
Authors: Liu Hanbang , Yuan Danhua , Yang Liping , Xing Jiacheng , Zeng Shu , Xu Shutao , Xu Yunpeng , Liu Zhongmin
Published: November 2021

The adsorption properties of a CeY zeolite towards O2 and N2 can be completely changed by decorating the Ce sites in CeY with imidazole, and the decorated adsorbent selectively adsorbs O2 instead of N2.
Ribosomally synthesized peptides, foreground players in microbial interactions: recent developments and unanswered questions
Authors: Rebuffat Sylvie
Published: November 2021

This review unveils current knowledge on the complex interaction networks involving ribosomally synthesized peptides, either modified or not, being at play in microbial interactions and symbioses.
Determination of sodium and potassium ions in patients with SARS-Cov-2 disease by ion-selective electrodes based on polyelectrolyte complexes as a pseudo-liquid contact phase
Authors: Pershina Liubov V. , Grabeklis Andrei R. , Isankina Ludmila N. , Skorb Ekaterina V. , Nikolaev Konstantin G.
Published: November 2021

Supramolecular assemblies based on polyelectrolyte complexes made it possible to create complex interfaces with predictable properties. Polyelectrolyte complexes serve as a pseudo-liquid contact in ion-selective electrodes.
Ultra-violet to visible band gap engineering of cubic halide KCaCl3 perovskite under pressure for optoelectronic applications: insights from DFT
Authors: Haq Muhtasim Ali , Saiduzzaman Md , Asif Tariqul Islam , Shuvo Ismile Khan , Hossain Khandaker Monower
Published: November 2021

The electronic band gap shrinks from the UV to visible region of cubic halide KCaCl3 perovskite under pressure, making it easier to move electrons from the VB to the CB, which improves optoelectronic device efficiency.
Biomass derived hierarchical porous carbon for high-performance O2/N2 adsorption; a new green self-activation approach
Authors: Mashhadimoslem Hossein , Safarzadeh Mobin , Ghaemi Ahad , Banna Motejadded Emrooz Hosein , Barzegar Masoud
Published: November 2021

Green porous carbon was synthesized by self-activation methodology with facile one-step carbonization from a walnut-shell precursor for air separation. The adsorption process behavior was surveyed using isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic models.
Spin unlocking oxygen evolution reaction on antiperovskite nitrides
Authors: Tang Huang , Yang Deshuai , Lu Mengfei , Kong Shaoxi , Hou Yanghui , Liu Duanduan , Liu Depei , Yan Shicheng , Chen Zhaoxu , Yu Tao , Zou Zhigang
Published: November 2021

The spin state change of Fe3+ions induced the paramagnetic Fe0.5Ni0.5OOH shell on the ferromagnetic Cu0.5NFe3Ni0.5coreviasuperexchange interaction, facilitating charge transfer and oxygen species ad(de)sorption for boosted OER performance.
A fast micro–nano liquid layer induced construction of scaled-up oxyhydroxide based electrocatalysts for alkaline water splitting
Authors: Yan Yaotian , Liu Juqing , Huang Keke , Qi Junlei , Qiao Liang , Zheng Xiaohang , Cai Wei
Published: November 2021

A fast micro–nano liquid layer induced construction of self-supported electrocatalysts is proposed at room temperature. The as-synthesized Fe based oxyhydroxide exhibits an excellent cost-efficiency ratio for overall water-splitting.
Synergistically enhanced single-atomic site catalysts for clean energy conversion
Authors: Yang Fa , Xu Weilin
Published: November 2021

This review highlights several important electrocatalytic reactions performed over single-atomic synergistic structures, including SAC-nanoparticles (SAC-NPs), SAC-clusters (SACCs), dual-atom sites (DACs), and single-atomic alloys (SAAs).
Acceptor engineering of small-molecule fluorophores for NIR-II fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging
Authors: Li Yaxi , Zhou Hongli , Bi Renzhe , Li Xiuting , Zha Menglei , Yang Yanqing , Ni Jen-Shyang , Liew Weng Heng , Olivo Malini , Yao Kui , Liu Jie , Chen Hao , Li Kai
Published: November 2021

This work highlights the design of a new NIR-II fluorescent molecule, facilitating the targeted detection of tumors by NIR-II fluorescence and NIR-I photoacoustic imaging.
Effect of dendron structure on the luminescent and charge transporting properties of solution processed dendrimer-based OLEDs
Authors: Gao Mile , Mai Van T. N. , Jang Junhyuk , Ranasinghe Chandana Sampath Kumara , Chu Ronan , Burn Paul L. , Gentle Ian R. , Pivrikas Almantas , Shaw Paul E.
Published: November 2021

The energy transfer, PLQY, charge mobility, and OLED performance of blend films of first generation Ir(ppy)3-cored light-emitting dendrimers and dendrimeric TCTA-based hosts are found to be dependent on the dendrons and surface groups used.
Behaviour detection in crowded classroom scenes via enhancing features robust to scale and perspective variations
Authors: Liu Mingyu , Meng Fanman , Wu Qingbo , Xu Linfeng , Liao Qianghua
Published: November 2021

Detecting human behaviours in images of crowded classroom scenes is a challenging task, due to the large variations of humans in scale and pose perspective. In this paper, two modules are proposed to tackle these two variations. First, an attention‐based RoI (region‐of‐interest) extractor is designed to handle scale variation. Feature fusion and attention mechanism are used to improve the RoI feature with more local and global information. Second, a transformation‐based detection head is introduced to handle perspective variation. The spatial transformation is adopted to extract consistent representation under various perspectives. Moreover, since there is a lack of proper datasets for human behaviour detection in classroom scenes, a new dataset is created, namely CLBD. The experiments on the proposed dataset demonstrate that the modules obtain significant improvements of performance over the state‐of‐the‐art detectors.
Multiple object tracking based on multi‐task learning with strip attention
Authors: Song Yaoye , Zhang Peng , Huang Wei , Zha Yufei , You Tao , Zhang Yanning
Published: November 2021

Multiple object tracking (MOT) framework based on bifurcate strategy was usually challenged by data association of different model path, which work for object localisation and appearance embedding independently. By incorporating the re‐identification (re‐ID) as appearance embedding model, more recent studies on task combination of a single network have made a great progress in tracking performance. Unfortunately, the contributive improvement from re‐ID model is hard to balance the accuracy and efficiency for the whole framework. For more effective enhancement of the overall tracking performance, a real‐time detection needs to be taken into consideration with other auxiliary means for MOT modelling. Therefore, in this study, a one‐shot multiple object tracking is proposed based on multi‐task learning to obtain satisfactory performance in both speed and robustness. With updated re‐training strategy for the backbone model of detection, a D2LA network is proposed to achieve more characteristic fine‐grained feature extraction in branching task of pedestrian recognition. Additionally, a strip attention module is also introduced to further strengthen the feature discriminative capability of the tracking framework in occlusion. Experiments on the 2DMOT15, MOT16, MOT17, and MOT20 benchmark data sets have shown a superior performance in comparison to other state‐of‐the‐art tracking approaches.
Quasi Z‐source inverter with switched‐capacitor‐inductor for enhancing boost factor
Authors: Abbasi Bolaghi Jamal , Taheri Asghar , Babaei Mohammad Hosein , Gholami Masoumeh
Published: November 2021

Two structures are proposed based on the quasi Z‐source inverter (qZSI), which can significantly raise the output voltage in applications, including photovoltaic and fuel cells, in which the input voltage is low. The proposed inverters provide a continuous input current and reduce the voltage stress on capacitor. Besides, the proposed switched‐capacitor‐inductor qZSI (SCL‐qZSI) can suppress inrush current at the start up moment as this current might damage the devices. The performance of the proposed structures is investigated at different operating modes, and the voltage equations are calculated. The voltage stress on switches, the voltage stress on capacitors, the voltage stress on diodes, and the current stress on inductor, as well as the average DC‐link current, the gain voltage (G), and the boost factor (B) of the proposed inverters, are analysed and derived. They are then compared with similar converters. To confirm the performance of the proposed converters, a laboratory sample of converters is made, which with output voltages, capacitors voltages, input and output current for the proposed converters. The DC‐link (Vi) voltage is 95 with boost factor 1.6 for SCL‐qZSI, and the DC‐link voltage is 216 with boost factor 3.6 for the enhance switched‐capacitor‐inductor qZSI (ESCL‐qZSI), which confirms the relationships obtained from the proposed converters. Also, the abbreviation for this paper is shown in table 1.
Infrared-radio relation in the local Universe
Authors: Tisanić K. , De Zotti G. , Amiri A. , Khoram A. , Tavasoli S. , Vidović-Tisanić Z.
Published: November 2021

Context.The Square Kilometer Array (SKA) is expected to detect high-redshift galaxies with star formation rates (SFRs) up to two orders of magnitude lower thanHerschelsurveys and will thus boost the ability of radio astronomy to study extragalactic sources. The tight infrared-radio correlation offers the possibility of using radio emission as a dust-unobscured star formation diagnostic. However, the physics governing the link between radio emission and star formation is poorly understood, and recent studies have pointed to differences in the exact calibration required when radio is to be used as a star formation tracer.

Aims.We improve the calibration of the relation of the local radio luminosity–SFR and to test whether there are nonlinearities in it.

Methods.We used a sample ofHerschelAstrophysical Terahertz Large Area Survey (H-ATLAS) sources and investigated their radio luminosity, which was derived using the NRAO VLA Sky Survey (NVSS) and Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-cm (FIRST) maps. We stacked the bins of infrared luminosity and SFR and accounted for bins with no detections in the stacked images using survival analysis fitting. This approach was tested using Monte Carlo simulations.

Results.After removing sources from the sample that have excess radio emission, which is indicative of nuclear radio activity, we found no deviations from linearity of the mean relations between radio luminosity and either SFR or infrared luminosity.

Concluisions.We analyzed the link between radio emission and SFR or infrared luminosity using a local sample of star-forming galaxies without evidence of nuclear radio activity and found no deviations from linearity, although our data are also consistent with the small nonlinearity reported by some recent analyses. The normalizations of these relations are intermediate between those reported by earlier works.
Simulation of the heat accumulator operation of the internal combustion engine preheating system
Authors: Luniaka Klara , Rusanov Serhii , Kliuieva Oleksandra , Kliuiev Oleh
Published: November 2021

We considered the heat accumulator with a phase-transfer heat-accumulating material, which serves for pre-heating of the car’s internal combustion engine. Simulation of the heat accumulator operation allows to build calculated graphs of temperature change of the heat-accumulating material in time, and afterwards to determine the charging time of the heat accumulator depending on its design features, thus, by modelling the most optimal design solution. We performed numerical computations of the system engine – circulating fluid – heat storage material – environment in two stages. In the first stage, we calculated the parameters of thermal resistance in the engine system and pipe manifold for different coolant temperatures according to the method of finite volume in the CFD system. In the second stage the problem was solved numerically by the method of equivalent thermal circuit. We carried out phase transition simulation using the Stefan condition, based on the thermal balance for the phase separation surface. We constructed numerical algorithmic models for calculations of temperature change of heat-accumulating material in time. Such calculations allowed determining the optimal number of U-shaped tubes based on which we proposed the heat accumulator design. We manufactured the heat accumulator, tested, and proved its efficiency and positive effect on the engine warm-up time and the passenger compartment.
Flame temperature and alkali emission in combustion of sugarcane bagasse and straw
Authors: Salinas Carlos T. , Gonzales Leonardo , Bellido Luis Felipe , Ramos Lucas , Marcelo-Aldana Daniel
Published: November 2021

This work presents a numerical and experimental study in a laboratorial rig to measure local flame temperature and alkali emission during the combustion of sugarcane bagasse and straw. Tubular combustion chamber to simulate combustion in grate is used. A spectral analysis method in the visible spectrum was used for measurement of local temperatures in a sugarcane bagasse flame and sugarcane straw flame. The two-color method is used to calculate flame temperature. In flame reactive zone, the bagasse and straw flame temperatures in the range of 1420 to 1510 K and in the range of 1450 to 1550 K respectively are calculated. The intensity of alkali emission during the sugarcane bagasse and straw combustion is calculated using data of the spectrum in visible range. It was found that potassium emission is correlated with the instantaneous bagasse flame temperature in the reactive combustion zone. Emission of potassium and sodium during straw combustion is higher than in bagasse combustion. Temperature and alkali emissions along the flame height are measured.
Regulation of electrical properties of ZrOxNy by oxygen doping and zirconium vacancies
Authors: Cai Junfei , Wu Sicheng , Li Jinjin
Published: November 2021

Transition metal oxynitrides are important materials in electronic devices, electrocatalysis, machinery industry and other fields, according to their excellent properties, such as high sensitivity to temperature and high electron transport characteristics. Especially in sensor and MOS applications, transition metal oxynitrides with semiconductor properties play an important role in the sensitivity and frequency response of sensors. Here, we study the effects of different concentrations of zirconium vacancy (VZr) and oxygen doping on the ZrN structure, and calculate the formation energies and density of states of ZrOxNy in different element ratios by density functional theory. The results show that the introduction of VZr and oxygen doping promote the Fermi level of ZrOxNy to move towards the valence band and conduction band, respectively. The structure of the non-degenerate semiconductor ZrOxNy can be constructed at Zr0.425N0.569O0.006. Taking ZrOxNy as an example, this work investigates the transition of the electrical properties of transition metal oxynitrides by introducing zirconium vacancy/oxygen doping, which greatly promotes the rapid discovery of novel transition metal oxynitrides semiconductor materials.
Operationalisierung von Qualitätsindikatoren mittels
Routinedaten am Beispiel der Evaluation der „Integrierten Versorgung
Gesundes Kinzigtal“
Authors: Köster Ingrid , Mehl Claudia , Siegel Achim , Graf Erika , Stelzer Dominikus , Farin-Glattacker Erik , Geraedts Max , Schubert Ingrid
Published: November 2021

Ziel Für die 10-Jahres-Evaluation der Integrierten Versorgung
„Gesundes Kinzigtal“ (IVGK, Innovationsfonds-Projekt 01VSF16002)
konsentierte eine multidisziplinäre Expertengruppe 101
Qualitätsindikatoren (QI), mit denen die Qualität der regional
integrierten Versorgung mit ihrer Ausrichtung auf Gesundheits- und
Präventionsprogramme evaluiert werden sollte. Ein Kriterium war, dass
sich diese QI prinzipiell für eine Abbildung mittels Routinedaten eignen
sollten. Ziel der Studie war es, zu prüfen, wie viele der und auf welche
Weise die entwickelten QI in Deutschland tatsächlich mit Routinedaten
abgebildet werden können und aus welchen Gründen eine
Operationalisierung eingeschränkt oder nicht möglich war.

Material und Methode Die Operationalisierung der QI erfolgte mittels
pseudonymisierten Abrechnungsdaten der AOK Baden-Württemberg der Jahre
2006–2015, die das Wissenschaftliche Institut der AOK (WIdO) dem
Evaluationsteam zur Verfügung stellte. Alle operationalisierten
Indikatoren waren binär kodiert (Kriterium erfüllt
ja/nein). Die in den Zähler- und Nennerdefinitionen benannten
Diagnosen, Prozeduren oder Arzneimittel wurden über ICD-10-Kodes (Ein-
und Ausschlussdiagnosen), EBM-Kennziffern, OPS-Schlüssel und ATC-Kodes
operationalisiert. Indikatorprävalenzen wurden im zeitlichen Verlauf zur
Prüfung von Auffälligkeiten als Hinweis auf mögliche
Fehlkodierung untersucht.

Ergebnisse 90 der 101 Indikatoren waren mit Routinedaten
operationalisierbar. 14 der 90 Indikatoren konnten nur mit
Einschränkungen operationalisiert werden, da entsprechende
Leistungsziffern erst im Beobachtungszeitraum eingeführt oder bestehende
Ziffern verändert wurden. 76 der 90 Indikatoren konnten
uneingeschränkt operationalisiert werden, davon waren bei 15 Indikatoren
Vor- und Nachbeobachtungszeiten notwendig, wodurch sie nicht für alle
Jahre dargestellt werden konnten. 11 von 101 QI waren nicht operationalisierbar,
da EBM-Ziffern erst nach 2015 eingeführt oder nicht als Einzelleistung
für alle Arztgruppen erfasst wurden (z. B. Spirometrie und
Langzeit-EKG). Auffällige Verläufe in den
Indikatorprävalenzen waren erklärbar.

Schlussfolgerung Routinedaten ermöglichen ein ressourcensparendes
Qualitätsmonitoring. Eine Veränderung der Datengrundlage im
Beobachtungszeitraum, wie etwa durch Neueinführung oder Streichung von
Abrechnungsziffern, erschwert die longitudinale, routinedatenbasierte
Qualitätsbewertung, ermöglicht aber ggfs. für
spätere Zeiträume die Operationalisierung weiterer oder neuer
Indikatoren.
Gesundheit und soziale Lage in Hamburger Quartieren – Ein
Ansatz zur Abbildung von Soziallagen mit gesundheitsbezogenen
Routinedaten
Authors: Meinert Nele , Busch Susanne , Swart Enno
Published: November 2021

Ziel der Studie Ziel ist die Erprobung eines innovativen Ansatzes zur
kleinräumigen und soziallagensensitiven Verortung und Analyse von
gesundheitsbezogenen Routinedaten. Dazu werden GKV-Abrechnungsdaten und
Einsatzdaten des Rettungsdienstes um einen kleinräumigen
quartiersbezogenen Indikator für die soziale Lage des Wohn-
und/oder Einsatzortes als Proxy für die persönliche
soziale Lage ergänzt.

Methodik Genutzt werden anonymisierte Abrechnungsdaten von drei
gesetzlichen Krankenkassen und Einsatzdaten des Rettungsdienstes der Hamburger
Feuerwehr, jeweils aus dem Jahr 2017. Die soziale Lage des Wohnortes der
Versicherten bzw. transportierten Personen (bei den Rettungsdienstdaten
zusätzlich des Einsatzortes) wurde mithilfe sogenannter
Statusindexklassen (hoch – mittel – niedrig – sehr
niedrig) des Hamburger Sozialmonitorings abgebildet. Die Zuordnung über
die Anschriften der betroffenen Personen erfolgte mithilfe eines im Projekt
entwickelten Zuordnungsverfahrens durch die jeweiligen Dateneigner.

Ergebnisse Exemplarisch zeigen Ergebnisse deskriptiver Auswertungen zu
Unfallgeschehen und akutstationärer Versorgung von Kindern und
Jugendlichen, dass sich bekannte Soziallagenabhängigkeiten aus
Primärstudien auch in den genutzten Sekundärdaten abbilden
lassen. Dies spricht für die Eignung des Sozialindikators z. B.
im Rahmen einer erweiterten Sozial- und Gesundheitsberichterstattung.

Schlussfolgerung Der verwendete quartiersbezogene Indikator scheint
vielversprechend und sollte in weiterführenden Analysen einer
Validierung unterzogen werden. Darauf aufbauend können Ansätze
zu dessen Verwendung im Rahmen der Versorgungsforschung und
Gesundheitsberichterstattung entwickelt werden ebenso wie im Sinne einer
umfassenden Health-in-all-Policies-Strategie für eine
gesundheitsförderliche und bedarfsgerechte Gestaltung von politischen
Entscheidungen und Programmen.
Epidemiological Evaluation of Pediatric Elbow Injuries: A Retrospective Observational Single Center
Authors: Bhat Towseef Ahmad , Sehgal Manik , Kapila Rajiv , Kaur Rubinder , Negi Rajan Singh
Published: November 2021

Introduction Elbow fractures are the commonest fractures in the pediatric age group. The aim of this study is to evaluate the epidemiology of fresh and neglected pediatric elbow fractures in a hilly state of India with a limited health care facility.

Materials and Methods This was a retrospective observational single-center study conducted between January 2019 and January 2021.

Results Supracondylar was the most common fracture in 58.7% of patients followed by lateral condyle and proximal radius fracture. The highest number of fractures were reported in the age group of 5 to 8 years. In addition, 19% of patients presented with associated complications, 8% of patients had combination injuries of the ipsilateral upper limb, 16% of patients presented to the hospital 1 week after the trauma, 48% of patients had the first contact with a bonesetter/native practitioner.

Conclusion Supracondylar fracture was the most common elbow fracture followed by lateral condyle. The most common involved age group was 5 to 8 years. A significant number of elbow fractures are mismanaged by native practitioners in rural India.
The Risk of Preterm Birth in Low Risk Pregnant Women with Urinary Tract Infections
Authors: Werter Dominique E. , Schneeberger Caroline , Mol Ben Willem J. , de Groot Christianne J.M. , Pajkrt Eva , Geerlings Suzanne E. , Kazemier Brenda M.
Published: November 2021

Objective Urinary tract infections are among the most common infections during pregnancy. The association between symptomatic lower urinary tract infections during pregnancy and fetal and maternal complications such as preterm birth and low birthweight remains unclear. The aim of this research is to evaluate the association between urinary tract infections during pregnancy and maternal and neonatal outcomes, especially preterm birth.

Study Design This study is a secondary analysis of a multicenter prospective cohort study, which included patients between October 2011 and June 2013. The population consists of women with low risk singleton pregnancies. We divided the cohort into women with and without a symptomatic lower urinary tract infection after 20 weeks of gestation. Baseline characteristics and maternal and neonatal outcomes were compared between the two groups. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to correct for confounders. The main outcome was spontaneous preterm birth at <37 weeks.

Results We identified 4,918 pregnant women eligible for enrollment, of whom 9.4% had a symptomatic lower urinary tract infection during their pregnancy. Women with symptomatic lower urinary tract infections were at increased risk for both preterm birth in general (12 vs. 5.1%, adjusted OR 2.5; 95% CI 1.7–3.5) as well as a spontaneous preterm birth at <37 weeks (8.2 vs. 3.7%, adjusted OR 2.3; 95% CI 1.5–3.5). This association was also present for early preterm birth at <34 weeks. Women with symptomatic lower urinary tract infections during pregnancy are also at increased risk of endometritis (8.9 vs. 1.8%, adjusted OR 5.3; 95% CI 1.4–20) and mastitis (7.8 vs. 1.8%, adjusted OR 4.0; 95% CI 1.6–10) postpartum.

Conclusion Low risk women with symptomatic lower urinary tract infections during pregnancy are at increased risk of spontaneous preterm birth. In addition, an increased risk for endometritis and mastitis postpartum was found in women with symptomatic lower urinary tract infection during pregnancy.

Key Points
Calculation of electric quadrupole linestrengths for diatomic molecules: Application to the H2, CO, HF, and O2 molecules
Authors: Somogyi W. , Yurchenko S. N. , Yachmenev A.
Published: November 2021

We present a unified variational treatment of the electric quadrupole (E2) matrix elements, Einstein coefficients, and linestrengths for general open-shell diatomic molecules in the general purpose diatomic code Duo. Transformation relations between the Cartesian representation (typically used in electronic structure calculations) to the tensorial representation (required for spectroscopic applications) of the electric quadrupole moment components are derived. The implementation has been validated against accurate theoretical calculations and experimental measurements of quadrupole intensities of 1H2 available in the literature. We also present accurate electronic structure calculations of the electric quadrupole moment functions for the X1Σ+ electronic states of CO and HF, as well as for the a1Δg–b1Σg+ quadrupole transition moment of O2 with the MRCI level of theory. Accurate infrared E2 line lists for 12C16O and 1H19F are provided. A demonstration of spectroscopic applications is presented by simulating E2 spectra for 12C16O, H19F, and 16O2 (Noxon a1Δg–b1Σg+ band).
High and broadband sensitivity front-side illuminated InGaAs photo field-effect transistors (photoFETs) with SWIR transparent conductive oxide (TCO) gate
Authors: Maeda Tatsuro , Oishi Kazuaki , Ishii Hiroyuki , Chang Wen Hsin , Shimizu Tetsuji , Endoh Akira , Fujishiro Hiroki , Koida Takashi
Published: November 2021

By using a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) gate for the short-wave infrared (SWIR) region, the high optical responsivity of 180 A/W at 1550 nm and the broadband photosensitivity up to 1800 nm are demonstrated in InGaAs photo field-effect transistors (photoFETs) with front-side illumination (FSI). The photoresponse of the InGaAs photoFETs through the TCO gate can be reasonably explained by the photovoltaic effect in the photoFET operation. It was found that the spectral responsivity characteristics of TCO gate InGaAs photoFETs exhibit higher and broader responsivity compared with those of the InGaAs photodiode. The TCO gate InGaAs photoFETs are the most promising architecture for a high responsivity and broadband SWIR FSI photodetector for monolithic integration with optical communication devices and Si-LSI.
Environmental modifications of atomic properties: The ground and 1s2p excited states of compressed helium
Authors: Pyper N. C. , Naginey T. C. , Whelan Colm T.
Published: November 2021

Atoms remaining as recognizably distinct constituents of bulk condensed phases can have properties modified from those of the isolated species. Dense helium bubbles at high pressures are a common form of radiation damage degrading the mechanical and electrical properties of host materials. Detailed knowledge is critical for predicting their long term performance. Modifications of the ground and first singlet excited states of confined compressed helium are investigated using an entirely non-empirical theory based on the results of ab initio self-consistent field calculations with corrections for the effects of electron correlation. For finite sized portions representing bulk condensed fcc and bcc phases of helium atoms, Hartree–Fock wavefunctions, energies, and charge distributions were computed as a function of different atomic densities using two models. The first model for the first excited state localizes the excitation on the central atom; in the second model, this is partially delocalized over the closest atomic neighbors. Total energies for the finite size portions are derived by adding the inter-atomic dispersive attractions and a density functional description of the short-range inter-atomic correlation energy. The experimental energy of the first allowed electronic transition increases with density being larger than in an isolated atom. The intra-atomic correlation energy does not contribute to this energy shift. The calculated energy shifts agree well with experiment for both bulk solid and liquid helium. The 2p orbital is increasingly compressed by density enhancement, thus generating the energy shifts. Consequently, calculations of the inelastic electron scattering cross sections are substantially incorrect if the compression of the final 1s2p state is not included. The character of the excitations is examined, and it is argued that these are of Frenkel rather than the Wannier type.