bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Энергия в импульсе нерелятивистского сильноточного электронного пучка
Authors: Кизириди П.П. , Озур Г.Е.
Published: April 2022

Energetic characteristics of a high-current electron gun with a cathode assembly based on multi-gap initiation of explosive emission by dielectric surface flashover in the mode of vacuum and gas-filled diode were investigated. It has been shown that it is better to measure high-current electron beam pulse energy using a calorimetric (thermal imaging) method than to calculate it from the waveforms of accelerating voltage and beam current onto collector (target) since the beam current values may be essentially overstated because of decay current of a dense plasma emergent under the bombardment of a collector by the beam electrons. The best efficiency of the energy transfer from the capacitive storage of the high-voltage pulsed generator supplying an electron gun was observed in the case of gas-filled diode at a moderate pressure of the working gas (argon, 0.093 Pa).
Development of Low Elastic Modulus Titanium Alloys as Implant Biomaterials
Authors:   School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038, China, Liu Kai-Yang , Yin Li-Xia ,   School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038, China, Lin Xu ,   School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038, China, Liang Shun-Xing ,   School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038, China,   Hebei Engineering Research Centre for Rare Earth Permanent Magnetic Materials & Applications, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China,   Hebei Key Laboratory of Wear-resistant Metallic Materials with High Strength and Toughness, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
Published: April 2022

Biomaterials have always been the focus of material scientists and engineers. Titanium and its alloys have favorable properties, such as high strength, low density, good corrosion resistance, non-toxicity, low elastic modulus, biocompatibility, etc. Thus, Ti alloys have received much attention from scientists and engineers who work with biomaterials. Among these properties, the elastic modulus is a very important property for implant biomaterials because it avoids the “stress shielding” effect. In this study, we summarized low elastic modulus titanium alloys, which have great application potential for implant biomaterials. The major series of titanium alloys with low elastic modulus, including TiNb-based, TiMo-based, and TiZr-based series of titanium alloys, were discussed. The research status and the possible factors related to the low elastic modulus of these major titanium alloys were analyzed. Finally, the development prospects of the above series of low elastic modulus titanium alloys were compared, and the future direction of low elastic modulus Ti alloys as biomaterials was proposed.
Effectiveness of Using Augmented Reality for Training in the Medical Professions: Meta-analysis
Authors: Baashar Yahia , Alkawsi Gamal , Ahmad Wan Nooraishya Wan , Alhussian Hitham , Alwadain Ayed , Capretz Luiz Fernando , Babiker Areej , Alghail Adnan
Published: April 2022

Background

Augmented reality (AR) is an interactive technology that uses persuasive digital data and real-world surroundings to expand the user's reality, wherein objects are produced by various computer applications. It constitutes a novel advancement in medical care, education, and training.

Objective

The aim of this work was to assess how effective AR is in training medical students when compared to other educational methods in terms of skills, knowledge, confidence, performance time, and satisfaction.

Methods

We performed a meta-analysis on the effectiveness of AR in medical training that was constructed by using the Cochrane methodology. A web-based literature search was performed by using the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed, and Embase databases to find studies that recorded the effect of AR in medical training up to April 2021. The quality of the selected studies was assessed by following the Cochrane criteria for risk of bias evaluations.

Results

In total, 13 studies with a total of 654 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The findings showed that using AR in training can improve participants' performance time (I2=99.9%; P<.001), confidence (I2=97.7%; P=.02), and satisfaction (I2=99.8%; P=.006) more than what occurs under control conditions. Further, AR did not have any effect on the participants’ knowledge (I2=99.4%; P=.90) and skills (I2=97.5%; P=.10). The meta-regression plot shows that there has been an increase in the number of articles discussing AR over the years and that there is no publication bias in the studies used for the meta-analysis.

Conclusions

The findings of this work suggest that AR can effectively improve performance time, satisfaction, and confidence in medical training but is not very effective in areas such as knowledge and skill. Therefore, more AR technologies should be implemented in the field of medical training and education. However, to confirm these findings, more meticulous research with more participants is needed.
Predicting Mental Health Status in Remote and Rural Farming Communities: Computational Analysis of Text-Based Counseling
Authors: Antoniou Mark , Estival Dominique , Lam-Cassettari Christa , Li Weicong , Dwyer Anne , Neto Abìlio de Almeida
Published: April 2022

Background

Australians living in rural and remote areas are at elevated risk of mental health problems and must overcome barriers to help seeking, such as poor access, stigma, and entrenched stoicism. e-Mental health services circumvent such barriers using technology, and text-based services are particularly well suited to clients concerned with privacy and self-presentation. They allow the client to reflect on the therapy session after it has ended as the chat log is stored on their device. The text also offers researchers an opportunity to analyze language use patterns and explore how these relate to mental health status.

Objective

In this project, we investigated whether computational linguistic techniques can be applied to text-based communications with the goal of identifying a client’s mental health status.

Methods

Client-therapist text messages were analyzed using the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count tool. We examined whether the resulting word counts related to the participants’ presenting problems or their self-ratings of mental health at the completion of counseling.

Results

The results confirmed that word use patterns could be used to differentiate whether a client had one of the top 3 presenting problems (depression, anxiety, or stress) and, prospectively, to predict their self-rated mental health after counseling had been completed.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that language use patterns are useful for both researchers and clinicians trying to identify individuals at risk of mental health problems, with potential applications in screening and targeted intervention.
The Association Between Sleep Disturbance and Suicidality in Psychiatric Inpatients Transitioning to the Community: Protocol for an Ecological Momentary Assessment Study
Authors: Dewa Lindsay H , Pappa Sofia , Greene Talya , Cooke James , Mitchell Lizzie , Hadley Molly , Di Simplicio Martina , Woodcock Thomas , Aylin Paul
Published: April 2022

Background

Patients are at high risk of suicidal behavior and death by suicide immediately following discharge from inpatient psychiatric hospitals. Furthermore, there is a high prevalence of sleep problems in inpatient settings, which is associated with worse outcomes following hospitalization. However, it is unknown whether poor sleep is associated with suicidality following initial hospital discharge.

Objective

Our study objective is to describe a protocol for an ecological momentary assessment (EMA) study that aims to examine the relationship between sleep and suicidality in discharged patients.

Methods

Our study will use an EMA design based on a wearable device to examine the sleep-suicide relationship during the transition from acute inpatient care to the community. Prospectively discharged inpatients 18 to 35 years old with mental disorders (N=50) will be assessed for eligibility and recruited across 2 sites. Data on suicidal ideation, behavior, and imagery; nonsuicidal self-harm and imagery; defeat, entrapment, and hopelessness; affect; and sleep will be collected on the Pro-Diary V wrist-worn electronic watch for up to 14 days. Objective sleep and daytime activity will be measured using the inbuilt MotionWare software. Questionnaires will be administered face-to-face at baseline and follow up, and data will also be collected on the acceptability and feasibility of using the Pro-Diary V watch to monitor the transition following discharge. The study has been, and will continue to be, coproduced with young people with experience of being in an inpatient setting and suicidality.

Results

South Birmingham Research Ethics Committee (21/WM/0128) approved the study on June 28, 2021. We expect to see a relationship between poor sleep and postdischarge suicidality. Results will be available in 2022.

Conclusions

This protocol describes the first coproduced EMA study to examine the relationship between sleep and suicidality and to apply the integrated motivational volitional model in young patients transitioning from a psychiatric hospital to the community. We expect our findings will inform coproduction in suicidology research and clarify the role of digital monitoring of suicidality and sleep before and after initial hospital discharge.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

PRR1-10.2196/33817
Estimating COVID-19 Hospitalizations in the United States With Surveillance Data Using a Bayesian Hierarchical Model: Modeling Study
Authors: Couture Alexia , Iuliano A Danielle , Chang Howard H , Patel Neha N , Gilmer Matthew , Steele Molly , Havers Fiona P , Whitaker Michael , Reed Carrie
Published: April 2022

Background

In the United States, COVID-19 is a nationally notifiable disease, meaning cases and hospitalizations are reported by states to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Identifying and reporting every case from every facility in the United States may not be feasible in the long term. Creating sustainable methods for estimating the burden of COVID-19 from established sentinel surveillance systems is becoming more important.

Objective

We aimed to provide a method leveraging surveillance data to create a long-term solution to estimate monthly rates of hospitalizations for COVID-19.

Methods

We estimated monthly hospitalization rates for COVID-19 from May 2020 through April 2021 for the 50 states using surveillance data from the COVID-19-Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network (COVID-NET) and a Bayesian hierarchical model for extrapolation. Hospitalization rates were calculated from patients hospitalized with a lab-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 test during or within 14 days before admission. We created a model for 6 age groups (0-17, 18-49, 50-64, 65-74, 75-84, and ≥85 years) separately. We identified covariates from multiple data sources that varied by age, state, and month and performed covariate selection for each age group based on 2 methods, Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) and spike and slab selection methods. We validated our method by checking the sensitivity of model estimates to covariate selection and model extrapolation as well as comparing our results to external data.

Results

We estimated 3,583,100 (90% credible interval [CrI] 3,250,500-3,945,400) hospitalizations for a cumulative incidence of 1093.9 (992.4-1204.6) hospitalizations per 100,000 population with COVID-19 in the United States from May 2020 through April 2021. Cumulative incidence varied from 359 to 1856 per 100,000 between states. The age group with the highest cumulative incidence was those aged ≥85 years (5575.6; 90% CrI 5066.4-6133.7). The monthly hospitalization rate was highest in December (183.7; 90% CrI 154.3-217.4). Our monthly estimates by state showed variations in magnitudes of peak rates, number of peaks, and timing of peaks between states.

Conclusions

Our novel approach to estimate hospitalizations for COVID-19 has potential to provide sustainable estimates for monitoring COVID-19 burden as well as a flexible framework leveraging surveillance data.
Multi-Label Classification in Patient-Doctor Dialogues With the RoBERTa-WWM-ext + CNN (Robustly Optimized Bidirectional Encoder Representations From Transformers Pretraining Approach With Whole Word Masking Extended Combining a Convolutional Neural Network) Model: Named Entity Study
Authors: Sun Yuanyuan , Gao Dongping , Shen Xifeng , Li Meiting , Nan Jiale , Zhang Weining
Published: April 2022

Background

With the prevalence of online consultation, many patient-doctor dialogues have accumulated, which, in an authentic language environment, are of significant value to the research and development of intelligent question answering and automated triage in recent natural language processing studies.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to design a front-end task module for the network inquiry of intelligent medical services. Through the study of automatic labeling of real doctor-patient dialogue text on the internet, a method of identifying the negative and positive entities of dialogues with higher accuracy has been explored.

Methods

The data set used for this study was from the Spring Rain Doctor internet online consultation, which was downloaded from the official data set of Alibaba Tianchi Lab. We proposed a composite abutting joint model, which was able to automatically classify the types of clinical finding entities into the following 4 attributes: positive, negative, other, and empty. We adapted a downstream architecture in Chinese Robustly Optimized Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers Pretraining Approach (RoBERTa) with whole word masking (WWM) extended (RoBERTa-WWM-ext) combining a text convolutional neural network (CNN). We used RoBERTa-WWM-ext to express sentence semantics as a text vector and then extracted the local features of the sentence through the CNN, which was our new fusion model. To verify its knowledge learning ability, we chose Enhanced Representation through Knowledge Integration (ERNIE), original Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT), and Chinese BERT with WWM to perform the same task, and then compared the results. Precision, recall, and macro-F1 were used to evaluate the performance of the methods.

Results

We found that the ERNIE model, which was trained with a large Chinese corpus, had a total score (macro-F1) of 65.78290014, while BERT and BERT-WWM had scores of 53.18247117 and 69.2795315, respectively. Our composite abutting joint model (RoBERTa-WWM-ext + CNN) had a macro-F1 value of 70.55936311, showing that our model outperformed the other models in the task.

Conclusions

The accuracy of the original model can be greatly improved by giving priority to WWM and replacing the word-based mask with unit to classify and label medical entities. Better results can be obtained by effectively optimizing the downstream tasks of the model and the integration of multiple models later on. The study findings contribute to the translation of online consultation information into machine-readable information.
The Need for Standards Unification in Forensic Laboratory Practices: Protocol for Setting Up the Arab Forensic Laboratories Accreditation Center
Authors: AlMazroua Maha K , Mahmoud Naglaa F
Published: April 2022

Background

 Despite the recent trend toward developing and applying quality control measures in the forensic science disciplines, there is a heightened interest to efforts to ameliorate disparate quality among laboratories through the enforcement of standards and best practices.

Objective

 This protocol aims to set up the Arab Forensic Laboratories Accreditation Center (AFLAC) to act as a key driving legal force for accreditation of the different forensic laboratories in the Arab region.

Methods

 Upon its development, the Forensic Laboratory-Arabian Gate (FLAG) platform will serve as a preliminary stage for the AFLAC, and 2 preparatory steps will be achieved through the FLAG platform: the first one is a scoping study to analyze the international guidelines regarding the forensic laboratory practices in different specialties, and the second one is mapping surveys to explore how the international and national guidelines are translated into practice in Arab forensic laboratories. Development of the Arab forensic laboratories accreditation center will be initiated by building the AFLAC quality management system, which comprises formation of the forensic science committees to achieve the standards required for accreditation in each discipline. This will be followed by the attainment of regional accreditation recognition of the Arab Accreditation Cooperation (ARAC) and the International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation. This recognition necessitates achieving International Organization for Standardization/International Electrotechnical Commission 17011 standard requirements prior to official application to the ARAC.

Results

 The first phase of our work (the FLAG platform) began in February 2022 and is expected to end in December 2022. The FLAG platform was proposed to the Arab Society of Forensic Sciences and Forensic Medicine in March 2022, and we received approval to host this web development project. Subsequent phases are anticipated to begin in January 2023 and are expected to end in 2025.

Conclusions

 This work describes our approach to provide a valuable tool for forensic laboratory accreditation services to promote the best practice and its consistency in the field of forensic sciences in the Arab region.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

PRR1-10.2196/36778
Noninvasive Diagnosis of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Advanced Liver Fibrosis Using Machine Learning Methods: Comparative Study With Existing Quantitative Risk Scores
Authors: Wu Yonghui , Yang Xi , Morris Heather L , Gurka Matthew J , Shenkman Elizabeth A , Cusi Kenneth , Bril Fernando , Donahoo William T
Published: April 2022

Background

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), advanced fibrosis, and subsequent cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma are becoming the most common etiology for liver failure and liver transplantation; however, they can only be diagnosed at these potentially reversible stages with a liver biopsy, which is associated with various complications and high expenses. Knowing the difference between the more benign isolated steatosis and the more severe NASH and cirrhosis informs the physician regarding the need for more aggressive management.

Objective

We intend to explore the feasibility of using machine learning methods for noninvasive diagnosis of NASH and advanced liver fibrosis and compare machine learning methods with existing quantitative risk scores.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of clinical data from a cohort of 492 patients with biopsy-proven nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), NASH, or advanced fibrosis. We systematically compared 5 widely used machine learning algorithms for the prediction of NAFLD, NASH, and fibrosis using 2 variable encoding strategies. Then, we compared the machine learning methods with 3 existing quantitative scores and identified the important features for prediction using the SHapley Additive exPlanations method.

Results

The best machine learning method, gradient boosting (GB), achieved the best area under the curve scores of 0.9043, 0.8166, and 0.8360 for NAFLD, NASH, and advanced fibrosis, respectively. GB also outperformed 3 existing risk scores for fibrosis. Among the variables, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), triglyceride (TG), and BMI were the important risk factors for the prediction of NAFLD, whereas aspartate transaminase (AST), ALT, and TG were the important variables for the prediction of NASH, and AST, hyperglycemia (A1c), and high-density lipoprotein were the important variables for predicting advanced fibrosis.

Conclusions

It is feasible to use machine learning methods for predicting NAFLD, NASH, and advanced fibrosis using routine clinical data, which potentially can be used to better identify patients who still need liver biopsy. Additionally, understanding the relative importance and differences in predictors could lead to improved understanding of the disease process as well as support for identifying novel treatment options.
Associations Between Addictive Behaviors, Individual Characteristics, and the Use of Gambling Services Within the World of Gaming: Cross-sectional Survey Study (Preprint)
Authors: Kisch Mark , Håkansson Anders
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND

Gambling within the world of gaming is an emerging phenomenon that may share common conceptual characteristics with traditional forms of gambling. The current literature suggests a higher degree of problematic behaviors in this gambling pattern, but studies are few, prompting for further research regarding individual characteristics and comorbid conditions associated with this activity.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of the study is to investigate correlations between the use of gambling services within the world of gaming and individual characteristics and addictive behaviors including problem gambling.

METHODS

A cross-sectional web survey was distributed to an existing panel of online respondents in Sweden. A total of 2001 respondents were included. Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests, followed by a logistic regression, were used in order to determine independent variables associated with gambling in the context of gaming.

RESULTS

A total of 2.9% (58/1984) of respondents reported past-year gambling within gaming. Significant associations were found with male sex, younger age, history of treatment-seeking for alcohol problems, and higher Gaming Addiction Scale scores.

CONCLUSIONS

The demonstrated findings strengthen previously found associations between gambling in gaming and younger age, male sex, and problematic gaming behaviors. Additionally, the association with a history of treatment needs for alcohol problems adds to the previous impression of increased problem severity and comorbidity in within-gaming gamblers.
Nurses’ Perspectives on an Electronic Medication Administration Record in Home Health Care: Qualitative Interview Study (Preprint)
Authors: Karnehed Sara , Erlandsson Lena-Karin , Norell Pejner Margaretha
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND

eHealth is considered by policy makers as a prerequisite for meeting the demands of health care from the growing proportion of older people worldwide. The expectation about what the efficiency of eHealth can bring is particularly high in the municipal home health care sector, which is facing pressure regarding resources because of, for example, earlier discharges from hospitals and a growing number of patients receiving medications and treatments at home. Common eHealth services in home health care are electronic medication administration records (eMARs) that aim to communicate delegated tasks between professionals. However, there is an extensive gap in the research on how technology affects and is experienced by home health care professionals.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this paper is to shed light on how home care nurses experience eMARs in a Swedish municipality.

METHODS

This qualitative interview study was conducted among home health care nurses using eMARs to facilitate communication and signing of delegated nursing tasks. The analysis of the interviews was performed using constructivist grounded theory, according to Charmaz.

RESULTS

Of the 19 day-employed nurses in the municipality where an eMAR was used, 16 (84%) nurses participated in the study. The following two categories were identified from the focus group interviews: nurses become monitors and slip away from the point of care. The nurses experienced that they became monitors of health care through the increased transparency provided by the eMAR and the measurands they also applied, focusing on the quantitative aspects of the delegated nursing tasks rather than the qualitative aspects. The nurses experienced that their monitoring changed the power relations between the professions, reinforcing the nurses’ superior position. The experience of the eMAR was regarded as transitioning the nurses’ professional role—away from the point of care and toward more administration—and further strengthened the way of managing work through delegation to health care assistants.

CONCLUSIONS

Previous analyses of eHealth services in health care showed that implementation is a complex process that changes health care organizations and the work of health care professionals in both intended and unintended ways. This study adds to the literature by examining how users of a specific eHealth service experience its impacts on their daily work. The results indicate that the inscribed functions in an eHealth service may affect the values and priorities where the service is in use. This presents an opportunity for future research and for health care organizations to assess the impacts of specific eHealth services on health care professionals’ work and to further examine the effects of inscribed functions in relation to how they may affect actions and priorities at individual and organizational levels.
Screening of metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents
Authors: Gromnatska N.M. , Lemishko B.B. , Kulya O.O. , Pasichna I.O. , Beliusova V.M.
Published: April 2022

Background. Metabolic syndrome (MS) is perceived as a cluster of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. The prevalence of MS in children and adolescents reaches 6–39 % depending on the identification criteria. Despite the considerable attention paid to MS in children and adolescents, there is no unified agreed consensus on its early screening. Consequently, the purpose of the study was along with the generally accepted criteria evaluate additional markers for MS early screening in children and adolescents. Materials and methods. A cross sectional study was conducted with 155 children aged 9–18 years, which formed 2 groups: a group of children with MS — 90 children with MS on the background of abdominal obesity and a group of children without MS — 65 children with normal body weight. Clinical (antrometric data, blood pressure) and laboratory (fasting glucose, fasting insulin, lipids) parameters were assessed. MS verification was performed according to the recommendations of the IDF Сonsensus (2007). Results. For MS screening in addition to the generally accepted criteria according to IDF Consensus (2007): abdominal obesity (waist circumference > 90th percentile according to age and gender), fasting glucose > 5.6 mmol/l, triglycerides > 1.7 mmol/l, blood pressure > 130/85 mm Hg, the most probable additional markers were established: neck and hip circumference, waist/hip ratio, body surface area > 90th percentile of distribution according to age and sex, fasting insulin > 15.0 mU/l, homeostasis model assessment for insulin ratio (HOMA-IR) > 2.8, total cholesterol > 5.2 mmol/l, LDL-C > 3.25 mmol/l, VLDL-C > 0.78 mmol/l, blood pressure in terms of distribution > 95th percentile, which contributes to its early detection and correction. Conclusions. Expanding the list of MS additional markers for its early screening in the pediatric and adolescent population is relevant and provides a basis for its timely correction and prevention.
Melatonin in the saliva of adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Sorokman T.V. , Makarova O.V. , Ostapchuk V.G.
Published: April 2022

Background. The formation of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and the manifestation of its clinical manifestations often begin in adolescence. In recent years, one of the new and modern areas in the study of reproductive dysfunction is the problem of melatonin on the gonadotropic function of the pituitary gland (ovariogenesis). The purpose of the study was to determine the level of melatonin in the saliva of adolescent girls with PCOS. Materials and methods. A single-center prospective simple randomized study was conducted with 23 patients aged 14–18 years (inclusive) with PCOS. The control group consisted of 25 girls of the same age without gynecological status violations. Determination of melatonin levels in saliva was performed by high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Before salivation during the day and throughout the saliva collection period, patients excluded caffeine, alcohol, and exercise, did not smoke for one hour before collection, did not brush their teeth, did not floss, rinsed their mouths, and did not chew gum. Results. There were no significant differences in the age of the girls in the main group and the comparison group (16.70±0.11 years in the main group and 16.90±0.14 years in the comparison group, p>0.05). The most common symptoms of PCOS in girls were: hypomenstrual syndrome (86.9%), dermopathy (82.6%) and hirsutism (60.8%). Girls with PCOS had significantly higher melatonin levels in saliva (03:00) (28.89 [18.17; 46.53] pg/ml) compared to girls in the comparison group (12.07 [11.56; 16.27] pg/ml, p<0.01). A probable difference in melatonin levels in saliva depending on age has not been established. Conclusions. The results of the study indicate a violation of hormonal balance in polycystic ovary syndrome, in particular an increase in melatonin levels, which indicates the need to determine it in the process of diagnosis and treatment.
Aspirin resistance: causes, clinical significance, correction
Authors: Gendeleka G.F. , Gendeleka A.N.
Published: April 2022

Aspirin is the most frequently prescribed antiplatelet agent today. It exerts its antiplatelet effect by irreversible inactivation of the platelet cyclooxygenase-1, resulting in an irreversible inhibition of thromboxane-A2 formation. The clinical benefit of antiplatelet therapy with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) in high risk patients has been convincingly demonstrated through the results of multiple placebo-controlled trials. Nevertheless, a large number of patients treated with aspirin suffers an adverse cardiovascular event. This observation led to the concept of ”aspirin resistance“. The mechanisms of aspirin resistance remain to be determined, although different theories are being discussed. Several tests are used to assess resistance to ASA in vitro. Depending on which assay is used and which population is tested, the prevalence of aspirin resistance varies between 5% and 60%. So far, it was not possible to define a clear gold standard for detecting aspirin resistance, which considers both, biochemical data and clinical events, and correlates them in a reproducible way. The clinical implications of aspirin resistance are well-documented through a lot of studies, which conclude that resistance to aspirin in vitro is associated with a significant increased risk for adverse cardiovascular events in cardiovascular patients. Insufficient or excessive antiplatelet effect of acetylsalicylacid may be due not only to changes in the synthesized cyclooxygenase-1, but also to changes in its amount. Literature data on the association of various polymorphic markers of candidate genes with the effectiveness of antiplatelet therapy of ASA are few and contradictory. Therefore, it is currently impossible to identify genetic predictors of the effectiveness of ASA as well as any antiplatelet agent. Continuation of research in this area in the future will predict the patient’s response to a drug and, therefore, individualize the approach to the choice and dosage of antiplatelet drugs, which will reduce the incidence of adverse reactions.
E3 ubiquitin ligase components in GtoPdb v.2022.1
Authors: Faccenda Elena , Layfield Robert
Published: April 2022

Ubiquitination (a.k.a. ubiquitylation) is a protein post-translational modification that typically requires the sequential action of three enzymes: E1 (ubiquitin-activating enzymes), E2 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes), and E3 (ubiquitin ligases) [20]. Ubiquitination of proteins can target them for proteasomal degradation, or modulate cellular processes including cell cycle progression, transcriptional regulation, DNA repair and signal transduction. E3 ubiquitin ligases, of which there are >600 in humans, are a family of highly heterogeneous proteins and protein complexes that recruit ubiquitin-loaded E2 enzymes to mediate transfer of the ubiquitin molecule from the E2 to protein substrates. Target substrate specificity is determined by a substrate recognition subunit within the E3 complex. E3 ligases are being exploited as pharmacological targets to facilitate targeted protein degradation (TPD), as an alternative to small molecule inhibitors [2], through the development of proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) and molecular glues.
POLITIČKI ODNOSI IZMEĐU SRBIJE I CRNE GORE OD 2006. DO 2021. GODINE
Authors: Petrovic Rajko
Published: April 2022

Predmet istraživanja ovog rada jesu politički odnosi između Srbije i Crne Gore od raspada Državne zajednice Srbije i Crne Gore 2006. godine do 2021. godine. Nakon referenduma na kome Crna Gora tesnom većinom stiče nezavisnost politički odnosi između nekada dve bliske zemlje u godinama koje su usledile postajali su sve teži i opterećeniji – od pitanja položaja srpskog naroda, jezika i pisma i Srpske pravoslavne crkve u Crnoj Gori, preko priznanja tzv. nezavisnosti Kosova od strane zvanične Podgorice 2008. godine i navodnog državnog udara u Crnoj Gori koordinisanog od strane zvaničnog Beograda 2016. godine, pa sve do izbijanja litija 2019. godine i promene vlasti u Crnoj Gori 2020. godine i uloge Srbije u njima. Cilj istraživanja jeste da se dubinskom politikološkom analizom prikaže presek najvažnijih elemenata srpsko-crnogorskih odnosa tokom većeg dela 21. veka, te ukaže na izazove u okviru istih, ali i na moguća polja saradnje. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da je period vladavine Demokratske partije socijalista od 2006. do 2020. godine obeležen najlošijim odnosima dve zemlje u istoriji i krajnje neprijateljskim odnosom Crne Gore prema Srbiji, ali i da od 2020. godine, uprkos još uvek brojnim nerešenim problemima, postoji znatno više prostora za dobrosusedske odnose i partnersku saradnju. Zaključak je da su Crna Gora i Srbija istorijski, kulturološki i ekonomski toliko povezane da je dugoročno gledano budućnost Crne Gore nezamisliva bez tesne saradnje sa Srbijom po svim pitanjima. U istraživanju smo koristili istorijsku metodu, metodu analize i komparativnu metodu.
EMPIRIJSKA ISTRAŽIVANJA ROMSKE POPULACIJE U SRBIJI: POPISI VERSUS ANKETE
Authors: Raduski Nada
Published: April 2022

U radu se analiziraju rezultati empirijskih istraživanja položaja romske populacije u Srbiji, s posebnim osvrtom na prednosti i nedostatke podataka oficijelnih popisa stanovništva nasuprot anketnim ispitivanjima o osobenostima, problemima i položaju pripadnika romske nacionalne manjine. Komparacija popisnih i anketnih rezultata o broju, obrazovnoj i starosnoj strukturi, prostornoj distribuciji, uslovima stanovanja, zdravstvenoj i socijalnoj zaštiti, pokazuje da su razlike u podacima često vrlo velike, što upućuje na neophodnost korišćenja različitih izvora u cilju dobijanja prave slike, kvantitativnih i kvalitativnih informacija o životu, socio-demografskim i kulturnim odlikama Roma. Drugi deo rada analizira rezultate ankete sprovedene krajem 2019. godine u Srbiji na hiljadu ispitanika o tome kako građani Srbije neromske nacionalnosti percepiraju položaj Roma, zatim šta misle o odnosu većinske i romske populacije, o stepenu diskriminacije i etničke distance koja postoji prema Romima, kao i o efikasnosti mera koje država preduzima u cilju poboljšanja uslova u ključnim oblastima života Roma (obrazovanje, zapošljavanje, stanovanje, zdravstvo i socijalna zaštita). Rezultati tog anketnog istraživanja su od velikog značaja jer pokazuju stepen (ne)informisanosti većinske populacije o položaju Roma, prepoznavanja nejednakosti, diskriminacije i marginalizacije te zajednice, što je između ostalog, važna pretpostavka donošenja i implementacije uspešnih državnih mera na planu dugoročnog i održivog poboljšanja uslova života, društvenog statusa i integracije Roma.
Obra desconocida de Florentino Trapero. La huella oculta del escultor
Authors: García-Lozano Rafael Ángel
Published: April 2022

Se analizan cuatro esculturas que Florentino Trapero realizó para distin-tas personalidades o instituciones de Zamora (España), piezas prácticamente desconocidas. Aunque son creaciones menores en el conjunto de su producción y restringidas a un ámbito territorial concreto, no carecen de interés y calidad. Este trabajo pretende descubrir la obra menos conocida de este reputado escultor e imaginero español, así como avanzar en su estudio y divulgación. Se rescatan para la historia de la escultura española del siglo xx ciertas piezas que nos ayudan a conocer mejor el legado de sus más destacados artistas. Desde el punto de vista metodológico se aborda cada pieza, a partir de su identificación y del estudio de su contexto y circunstancias, lo que completa una visión más amplia del corpus de Trapero, y se fija su autoría precisamente en este escultor, pues en la mayoría de ellas se había perdido. Se trata de la obra desconocida de Florentino Trapero.
Retrato e identidad burguesa. Pelegrín Clavé y Édouard Pingret en México, 1850-1851
Authors: Velázquez Guadarrama Angélica
Published: April 2022

Desde su llegada a México en 1846, Pelegrín Cavé se convirtió en el retratista más solicitado por las élites de la Ciudad de México, su fama apenas se vio opacada por la presencia en la capital del artista francés Édouard Pingret, entre 1851 y 1855. Este artículo aborda el género del retrato como una de las operaciones políticas más exitosas por parte de la clase empresarial para lograr una imagen de distinción social y de identidad de clase en el convulso contexto político de la década de 1850. Igualmente, se exploran las diferentes estrategias plásticas que estos dos pintores ensayaron para posicionarse como retratistas, satisfacer sus ambiciones profesionales y económicas y responder a las demandas de una clientela ávida de acrecentar su capital social, cultural y simbólico mediante su vinculación con el arte y con la Academia de San Carlos. El artículo se centra en el análisis de los retratos de dos de los empresarios más destacados de la época: Cayetano Rubio y Eustaquio Barrón, el primero pintado por Clavé en 1850 y el segundo por Pingret en 1851.
Voice Controlled Wireless Electronic Notice Board Using Android
Authors: Yaswanth Kakunuri , Dhanaraju Jonnalagadda V. , Naresh Gunji V. , Sunitha Kodali Naga , Rajasekhar Butta
Published: April 2022

Abstract: The Advanced mobile technology opens the Scope to the widely usage of android app. The websites are disappearing more and the mobile phones are most prominent.It’s the time to change from the websites and to the other things like apps, which has become the part of our daily routine. In this paper we are introducing voice to text .apk file and it controls the Arduino by sending commands. It works on all the android platforms. Main concept of Voice controlled wirelesselectronic notice board is to show the messages on the scrolling display panel and to control them by using our voice commands. Previously we had seen GSM based electronic notice board; however by using speech controlled Notice board with Bluetooth technology has the additional advantage of ease of use. User has to speak through the “voice Arduino control” app in order control the messages displayed on notice board. Voice recognition is done by the Android. Firstly, user has to install this App application in his/her smart phone or laptop. For displaying purpose, we used P10 module led matrix display panel. The message will be scrolled like in railway stations. Bluetooth technology used for wireless part of the communication; it is used in this system to transmit and receive data wirelessly between the two connected devices. This helps us in transmitting any message with in a fraction of a second and also helps in eliminating any delay by simply sending a voice command which is much efficient compared to any other traditionally method of transmitting the message. Thus the proposed technology can be used in many of public places such as theshopping malls or commercial buildings like hospitals to alert the security system and also increase the awareness of the regarding emergency situations and avoid anypossible dangers. Keywords: Arduino, Voice Arduino control, P10 matrix display, Bluetooth module, Notice board
Platform Instagram Sebagai Media Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh Peserta Didik
Authors: Astuti Ismaya Indri
Published: April 2022

Sejak diberlakukannya sekolah daring akibat Pandemi Covid-19 di Indonesia menyebabkan adanya perubahan dalam sistem pembelajaran, di tingkat dasar maupun menengah. Dengan diberlakukannya sistem Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh (PJJ) tentunya tidak terlepas dari internet, maka peran media sosial bisa digunakan sebagai alternatif untuk menunjang kegiatan belajar mengajar. Pada proses pembelajaran PPKn, peserta didik harus terlibat dalam pengambilan keputusan, cerdas dan kritis dalam berpikir, serta bertindak secara independen. Untuk membentuk kepercayaan diri peserta didik dalam berpendapat, maka peserta didik dituntut untuk berani berbicara, bertanya, dan menyanggah ketika proses pembelajaran berlangsung. Meskipun terkendala tidak bisa belajar secara tatap muka langsung, maka dengan menggunakan media sosial sebagai media pembelajaran menjadi alternatif Guru dalam mengajarkan bagaimana cara mengeluarkan pendapat yang baik dan benar. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk menggali minat baca dan skill peserta didik dalam mengungkapkan serta mengekspresikan pendapat dengan penggunaan media sosial Instagram. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif, metode tersebut dipilih agar dapat memahami gejala fenomena sosial dengan cara memaparkan suatu peristiwa dengan penggambaran yang jelas, sehingga dapat menjelaskan bagaimana bentuk praktek kebebasan berpendapat melalui media sosial yang dilakukan oleh peserta didik.
Analisis Pendapatan Pedagang Kaki Lima Selama Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di Alun-Alun Kota Blitar
Authors: Ernawati Lili , Kusuma Hendra
Published: April 2022

The study was aimed at getting a description of the five-foot hawker (PKL) during the covid-19 pandemic at the city Blitar, and to find out how much the street vendor (PKL) had gained during the covid-19 pandemic in the city’s Blitar square. The study includes qualitative research, and it uses income analysis, cost analysis, and profit analysis. The population in the study is about 30 traders. According to the research, the characteristics of the five-foot traders in the city square at Blitar in the face of such pandemics continue to carry out the government’s imposes health protocols, with competition incrasingly intense as people or costumer do not have a lotof outdoor activities, and in the light of income, while income is declining because of a lack of difinite income, and most of the people don’t do anything outside the house.
Mercados imobiliários e rede urbana no Brasil
Authors: Almeida Renan Pereira , Amano Fábio Henrique Florindo , Tupy Igor Santos
Published: April 2022

Mercados imobiliários revelam aspectos relativos à rede urbano-regional de um país e também às possibilidades para o desenvolvimento dessa rede de forma policêntrica. Usando uma base de dados inédita, este artigo investiga os mercados imobiliários em metrópoles de segundo, terceiro e quarto níveis no Brasil. Explora-se a variabilidade e criam-se tipologias de mercados imobiliários nas metrópoles selecionadas – Brasília, Belo Horizonte, Salvador, Florianópolis e Vitória – por meio de métodos multivariados. Os resultados indicam altos níveis de segmentação dos mercados, jogam luz sobre os processos de suburbanização em contraposição à presença de centros fortes e geram preocupações sobre a capacidade de pagamento dos residentes em alguns municípios. Dentro de cada metrópole, os mercados imobiliários variam substancialmente, evidenciando alto nível de segregação social; entre elas, há similaridades intrigantes, indicando como os locais residenciais e comerciais são (re)produzidos de maneira relativamente genérica no país.
Application of carbon nanotubes produced by CVD-method for supercapacitor with LiPF6-based electrolyte
Authors: Shchegolkov А. V. , Lipkin М. S. , Shchegolkov А. V. , Semenkova А.
Published: April 2022

The paper studies carbon nanotubes (CNTs) synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method on Fe-0.7Co/2.1Al2O3, Fe-Co/2.1Al2O3, and Co-Mo/Al2O3-MgO catalysts for supercapacitor electrodes with LiPF6-based electrolyte. It was found that the specific capacitance of 150–200 F/g for electrodes made of a mixture of carbon materials and graphite depends significantly on the conditions of creating intergranular contacts between graphite particles and CNTs that form a system of vacancies for ion introduction, in which reversible intercalation of PF6--anions occurs with minimal difficulties.
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION AS A TOOL FOR OPTIMIZATION THE ORGANIZATION STAFF FUNCTIONALITY
Authors:   Южно-Российский институт управления – филиал Российской академии народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте РФ, Ростов-на-Дону, Россия, Наталья Владимировна Брюханова , Алина Семеновна Ефимова ,   Южно-Российский институт управления – филиал Российской академии народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте РФ, Ростов-на-Дону, Россия
Published: April 2022

The article discusses the impact of digital technologies (digital platforms, online services, digital products, etc.) on the enterprises business processes. Practice shows that in order to maintain its competitive position in markets, innovative agile companies include in their strategies digital transformation as a key direction of development. All these changes create a high level of uncertainty for employees of organizations trying to adapt to these new conditions (for example, automating operations that were previously performed manually, no need to attach an employee to an office workplace, etc.), and require the development of new competencies and skills in them. In this regard, along with digitalization, an equally important task for organizations is the task of developing their employees. So the article provides an overview of the digital changes impact on the employees work in organizations, identifies the problems that arise when introducing digital technologies into the business processes of enterprises, and proposes an algorithm for the digital transformation of enterprises in the SME sector.
V.N. Chuvakov. My Meetings and Correspondence with Elena Aleksandrovna Polevitskaya (1958–1968)
Authors: Bulysheva Elena V.
Published: April 2022

The published diary entries of the famous literary critic and bibliographer V.N. Chuvakov are devoted to his meetings with the actress E.A. Polevitskaya in 1958–1961. In the text there is an image of an actress who was extremely popular in the 1910s, who had a long and difficult creative path, but still needed theater and acting. From Polevitskaya’s memoirs about her theatrical activity and about the theater of the early 20th century Chuvakov builds the main plot for him, associated with the name of Leonid Andreev. Fragmentary, inconsistent, but vivid, the actress’ memories about her creative relationships and personal meetings with Andreev complement our ideas about the writer, bring new shades to the picture of theatrical and artistic life of the early 20th century. The publication includes a letter from Polevitskaya to prof. K.I. Platonov, the author of a “forensic psychopathological study” on Andreev’s play “Ekaterina Ivanovna.” In the letter, the actress expounds her original, deep interpretation of the image of the mysterious and attractive Ekaterina Ivanovna and the motivation for her actions. Chuvakov's notes create an idea of Polevitskaya as an actress, capable of seriously, analytically approaching work on the role, delving deeply into the author's intention, which makes the diary's author's conclusion reasonable: Polevitskaya is the best Ekaterina Ivanovna (the heroine of Andreev's play).