bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MOTIVATION PROCESS IN CORPORATIONS ON THE POLISH MARKET
Authors: Grabiec Olimpia , Łasica Paulina
Published: February 2019

The article presents a discussion of issues related to motivation processes used in corporations on the Polish market. In this publication its authors presented the results of their own research on motivation in corporations. The main objective of the study is to analyse the incentive process in three corporations on the Polish market (NGA Human Resources, Teleperformance Germany and Groupon Shared Services), dealing both with the support of German-speaking customer service and the introduction of personnel documentation to the system.
ANALYSIS OF THE TALENT MANAGEMENT IN ORGANIZATIONS
Authors: Gottwald-Białdyga Marta
Published: February 2019

The aim of this paper is the analysis of the elements of talent management within an organization. This paper examines issues arising in connection with the essence and importance of a talent within an organization; the talent definition has been analysed. This paper presents the process of talent management tailored to the organization’s needs, using the skills and potential of highly qualified employees. Selected models of talent management have been discussed.
REPORTING OF SOCIAL INDICATORS IN THE PERIOD OF 2012-2017 ILLUSTRATED WITH AN EXAMPLE OF SELECTED POLISH COMPANIES FROM THE BREWING INDUSTRY
Authors: Idasiak Małgorzata
Published: February 2019

The main research goal of this study is to analyze the degree of implementation of the GRI guidelines in key enterprises from the brewing industry in Poland. In the theoretical part of the work, using the desk research technique, key aspects of the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility and selected guidelines for social reporting were brought closer. This became the basis for the next part of the work, which is the empirical part containing the presentation of the degree of application of the CSR concept in key entities of the Polish brewing industry
Teorias da linguagem e estudos do discurso: apontamentos metodológicos para uma análise do discurso religioso
Authors: Terra Kenner Roger Cazotto
Published: February 2019

Sob o paradigma da Modernidade acreditava-se na referencialidade direta entre conceito e mundo, signos e realidade. Com os novos estudos linguísticos, a fissura e descontinuidade entre coisa e palavra revelaram a limitação das metanarrativas e suas derivações. A consequência natural desse horizonte foi uma verdadeira virada nas ciências humanas. A linguagem percebeu-se como significação e não reflexo direto das coisas a respeito das quais se pronuncia. Para os estudos da religião, essas renovadas perspectivas das teorias da linguagem serviram de mudança paradigmática, produzindo uma verdadeira explosão metodológica. Por isso, ferramentas habilidosas para os estudos da linguagem tem ganhado espaço nos estudos da religião, possibilitando compreendê-la como lócus de sentidos. Dessa forma, as múltiplas linguagens da religião, por vezes tratadas como distorção do real ou ideologia alienante, são acessadas como sistema complexo de narrativas, símbolos, ritos, artes e performances aptas para a criação e compreensão do mundo.  A partir dessa preocupação, estabelecem-se as pesquisas das Linguagens da Religião cujos aportes teóricos e objetos avançam à produção simbólica da religião. Dentro dessa discussão metodológica, preocupada em compreender e interpretar as linguagens produzidas pela religião, o artigo pretende apresentar a Análise do Discurso traduzida para os estudos da religião e suas contribuições metodológicas aos estudos do discurso religioso. O texto apresentará, na primeira parte, os principais aportes teóricos da Análise do Discurso francesa. Essa tarefa apontará algumas intuições e provocações possibilitando uma Análise do Discurso Religioso.
Linguagem, memória e religião no pensamento de Maurice Halbwachs
Authors: Rivera Dario Paulo Barrera
Published: February 2019

Na obra de Maurice Halbwachs, pensador das primeiras décadas do século XX, se encontra uma reflexão sobre a relação entre linguagem e memória. Trata-se de uma reflexão precoce, pois acontece numa época bem anterior ao desenvolvimento da filosofia da linguagem e à “virada linguística”. Esse artigo apresenta a forma como Halbwachs entendia a relação entre linguagem e memória. O pensamento de Maurice Halbwachs é ainda pouco conhecido no campo dos estudos de religião na América Latina. Seus estudos pioneiros sobre a memória social e a memória religiosa foram retomados na França só no final do século XX. Os estudiosos do pensamento de Halbwachs e os estudiosos da religião tem prestado pouca atenção à forma como ele entendia a relação entre linguagem, memória e religião. A linguagem, o tempo e o espaço, são revisados neste texto como quadros sociais que dão suporte à memória coletiva. Destacamos na análise do tema proposto as caraterísticas da memória coletiva religiosa.
A assistência às crianças na viagem para o além, na Braga setecentista
Authors: Ferraz Norberto Tiago Gonçalves
Published: February 2019

O objetivo deste artigo é fornecer novos dados historiográficos sobre a assistência concedida às crianças da cidade de Braga, na ocasião do seu falecimento, no século XVIII. No trabalho que realizamos, foi possível analisar alguns dados sobre o anúncio da morte das crianças de Braga, os seus velórios, sepultamentos e a assistência às suas almas, através de fontes documentais das confrarias da cidade e das Constituições Sinodais do arcebispado. A análise testamental forneceu menos dados, mas revelou a provável preocupação de alguns indivíduos, com a salvação das almas dos filhos falecidos com mais de sete anos de idade.
Dicionário da escravidão e liberdade: 50 textos críticos
Authors: Brito Ênio José da Costa
Published: February 2019

A comunicação apresenta a síntese de alguns verbetes do Dicionário da Escravidão e Liberdade, lançado em 2018 pela editora Companhia das Letras (São Paulo) com a intenção de dar a conhecer um pouco do seu rico conteúdo. Duas atitudes são exigidas diante de uma obra deste nível: a coragem de conhecê-la e a disposição de difundi-la.
Editorial - Dossiê: Teorias de Linguagem e Estudos de Religião
Authors: Higuet Etienne Alfred
Published: February 2019

Gostaríamos de ressaltar, neste breve Editorial, a importância do tema do dossiê para as ciências da religião. Partimos do pressuposto de que a religião – enquanto objeto das ciências da religião - se estrutura por meio da linguagem, ou que é essencialmente linguagem. Já que as ciências da religião procuram entender, explicar, interpretar e compreender o fenômeno religioso, elas precisam reconhecer, estudar e praticar as diversas formas de linguagem pelas quais a religião se expressa e se comunica. Para esse fim, elas precisarão recorrer às múltiplas teorias da linguagem disponíveis. As linguagens religiosas, como todas as linguagens da cultura, encontram a sua origem numa certa orientação do corpo humano em relação com o seu mundo. Assim teremos linguagens fonéticas, vinculadas às línguas naturais, orais e escritas; linguagens gestuais, ligadas a posições e movimentos corporais externos; e linguagens visuais, oriundas do sentido da visão. Os outros sentidos podem também dar origem a formas distintas de linguagem, como a audição e a linguagem da música e dos sons, o olfato e a linguagem dos odores (pensamos no incenso utilizado em rituais de várias religiões), o paladar e a linguagem dos sabores (por exemplo, o sabor das comidas oferecidas aos deuses), o tato e a linguagem dos toques, especialmente útil aos deficientes visuais, mas não só.
Privilegierungen im Internet
Authors: Jarass Lorenz W.
Published: February 2019

As product differentiations, privileges on the internet (such as "zero rating" or "specialised services") are a result of the competitive market economy. However, in the discourse on net neutrality, in the sense of indiscriminate treatment of data, there are calls for regulation as the existing legal framework is considered as inadequate.
Based on the conceptual, technical, legal, political and economic foundations, the thesis nevertheless shows that general competition law, in particular Article 102 TFEU, p is a suitable and adequate legal framework.
Even after the adoption of Regulation 2015/2120/EU ("Open Internet"), this finding has not lost its relevance. Rather, the thesis describes how both regimes interact, and for which cases a recourse to general competition law is indicated.
Umfang, Grenzen und Verwertbarkeit compliancebasierter unternehmensinterner Ermittlungen
Authors: Nienaber Laura Christiane
Published: February 2019

Essentially, the work deals with the question of the criminal procedure prohibition on using the findings from internal, and thus private, investigations. It provides answers to many open questions: the question of whether there is a duty under employment law to make statements in the context of internal investigations; the admissibility of internal investigations; legal duties to carry out internal investigations; the limits of substantive law; the right to refuse to testify and give evidence concerning internal investigation results in the context of a criminal case; the question of whether the records of an internal investigation are exempt from seizure; the duties of internal investigators to provide instructions and keep proper records; and the inadmissibility of evidence in breach of the nemo tenetur principle and the right to a fair trial.
Die Strafbarkeit fehlender Information und Beratung nach § 264a StGB
Authors: Kühl Henrik
Published: February 2019

Capital investment fraud (§ 264a of the German Criminal Code) is a significant provision in both criminal and private law with valuable practical relevance. This thesis investigates whether errors in prospectuses that give rise to claims for damages in private law also lead to criminal liability for capital investment fraud. The study suggests that the interpretation of requirements leading to private law actions may not be transferred verbatim to criminal law. According to the strict rule of law, this transfer would be prohibited in criminal law. The methodology of this thesis is designed to address the limits of admissible interpretation, on which previous research literature on this subject has been inconclusive. Additionally, this dissertation focuses on the prohibition of analogies that establish or increase criminal liability. From a criminal law perspective, it is plausible that § 264a of the StGB has a narrower scope than civil liability for errors in prospectuses.
Die Restrukturierung des Insolvenzrechts
Authors: Heß Henrik
Published: February 2019

The EU Commission has presented a very controversial proposal for a directive aimed at harmonising restructuring standards throughout Europe, whose focus is on preventive, out-of-court restructuring procedures. This is the first monographic study to provide information about the draft directive. It presents extremely up-to-date, detailed and critical information on the proposed individual regulations, embeds them in a European and German context and offers concrete implementation proposals for German legislators. Although the final version of the directive is not yet available, this analysis already shows that the future restructuring framework will have a huge impact on the German insolvency system. Therefore, not only must scientists and German lawmakers deal with this proposal in good time, but so must businesses in general and above all practitioners in the field of restructuring and insolvency law.
Der Arbeitnehmerbegriff
Authors: Fischels André
Published: February 2019

This study addresses the question of to what extent the status of employees can be determined and offers a solution to this problem. Following a comprehensive chapter on logic and language theory, the study examines the nature of the common concept of employees as found in jurisprudence and the majority of research literature on this subject. Its author then investigates the legal dogmatic classification of relevant rulings on this issue, while also endeavouring to systematise and redefine the concept by highlighting, ordering and quantifying its relevant sub-features. He does this using a detailed points system, which as far as possible takes into account and, at the same time, critically appraises supreme court rulings. He also constantly acknowledges and carefully reflects on all the possible and apparently valid misgivings about the approach he adopts.
Makroprudentielle Aufsicht
Authors: Bergk Vincenz
Published: February 2019

In this comprehensive and clearly structured work, the author addresses the various facets of macroprudential supervision using an impressive functional and comparative approach (which involves Germany, the UK, Slovenia and the USA). He assesses how macroprudential actors should be organised and which powers are necessary for them to fulfil their tasks appropriately. In doing so, he not only includes selected actors from EU Member States, but also US ones. At the European level, the European Systemic Risk Board (ESRB) is the outstanding macroprudential body. Nevertheless, the author attempts to determine which position is assigned to the Single Supervisory Mechanism (SSM) in the macroprudential system at this level. Additionally, he examines the relevant actors involved in safeguarding financial stability at a global level and the forms of macroprudential regulation from the global level to the national level.
Students’ Indiscipline in the Classroom
Authors: Mareš Jiří
Published: February 2019

Přehledová studie je založena na 121 zahraničních pracích z období 1986-2018. Výklad se omezuje se na práce, které pocházejí euroamerického sociokulturního prostředí. Zajímá se o projevy nekázně ve třídě během výuky a to na především základních a středních školách. Studie je strukturována do pěti částí. První část ukazuje, proč je obtížné definovat pojem nekázeň žáků a jak je odborná terminologie neustálená. Jsou též charakterizovány různé typy žákovské nekázně.  Druhá část studie shrnuje faktory, které ovlivňují nekázeň žáků. Patří k nim: zvláštnosti žáka samotného, jeho spolužáků, jeho učitele, školní třídy, interakce mezi učitelem a žáky; zvláštnosti dané školy, školského obvodu, rodinného zázemí žáka, edukačního systému dané země a její školské politiky. Třetí část studie podává přehled postupů, jimiž se dá zjišťovat nekázeň žáků (příklady kvalitativního, kvantitativního a smíšeného přístupu).  Čtvrtá část studie se zamýšlí nad důsledky nekázně žáků. Jedná se o dopad žákovské nekázně na učitele, na žákovy spolužáky a jejich učení, na celkový průběh výuky, na výsledky výuky, na klima dané třídy, na klima dané školy a na celý stát. Pátá, závěrečná část, přibližuje tři koncepční přístupy, které by měly pomoci nekázeň ve třídách řešit: historicky nejstarší přístup staví na učiteli, tj. na trestání a odměňování žáků; další staví na žákovi, jeho sebekontrole a autoregulaci a konečně poslední staví na skupině žáků, školní třídě; na diskusích žáků s učitelem o vhodném chování ve třídě, na skupinovém rozhodování a skupinovém tlaku na neukázněné spolužáky. Studie upozorňuje, že nestačí jen potlačovat či eliminovat nevhodné chování žáků, ale je třeba souběžně rozvíjet i pozitivní chování žáků.
Vývoj počtu účastníků a vhodnost počtu postupových míst na CrossFit Open 2011–2017
Authors: Bozděch Michal , Kolínský Roman , Zháněl Jiří
Published: February 2019

CrossFit is an all-round training program focused on the development of overall fitness. To win the title “Fittest on Earth”, the participants must pass a 3-round elimination system (CrossFit Open, Regions, Games). The objective of the study is to analyze the development of participants’ numbers in 2011-2017, men (n=1 012 297) and women (n=702 011), in 1st elimination round and to assess the appropriateness of the number of qualifying places in particular regions. The research data from public sources show a growing linear evolutionary trend in the number of participants (R2=0.98–0.99); the number of men was higher than the number of women through the whole period. In the category Individual Men (IM), the highest number of participants (n=40 716; i.e. 0.006 % of the region population) was registered in the region Europe in 2017; the lowest number of participants (n=3 678, i.e. 0.028 % of the region population) was found in West Canada in 2017. In the category Individual Women (IW), the highest number of participants (n=21 742, i.e. 0.003 % of the region population) was registered in Europe in 2017; the lowest number of participants (n=3 596, i.e. 0.027 %) was found in West Canada in 2017. The lack of good correspondence in the numbers of qualifying places was found in the IM category in 2016 and 2017; in the IW category, a good correspondence was found in the whole observed period 2011-2017. The odds ratio test has shown that in 2017, males from West Canada had 12.22 times bigger chance for qualifying than males from Latin America while females from the same regions had 7.03 times bigger chance for qualifying. In view of the results, it is possible to recommend an adjustment of the number of qualifying places and the division of the region Europe.
Vliv předchozí informace na výkon v senzomotorickém testu
Authors: Švátora Karel
Published: February 2019

The objective of this study was to find out whether the different previous information, said to a subjectstanding before learning an unknown motion task, can influence the subject’s result in the given test.For the purposes of this study, as sensomotor test was used mirror drawing test. The tested persons werein the age range of 19–23 years. The sample of 150 persons (56% males, 44% females) was randomlydivided into three groups. In the course of testing, the persons being tested received information that theupcoming task is either very difficult or very easy. The control group received only test papers (Group 1).The group of the tested persons, influenced by the information that the test will be difficult (Group 3),achieved the best results. Group 3, however, needed the largest amount of time to fulfil tasks. Group 2,who received before the sensomotor test the information that the test will be easy, made significantlymore errors and spent more time with erring. Using the Kruskall-Wallis test, a statistically significantdifference between the groups was found in the number of errors (p = 0.0012) and the time spent witherring (p = 0.0008). These results suggest that if the probands have information that sensomotor tasksare difficult, they will achieve optimal performance.
Pohled na vývoj hodnocení výkonu při lezení na pískovcových skalách České křídové tabule.
Authors: Vomáčko Ladislav
Published: February 2019

The development of performance evaluation in sandstone climbing is linked to the development ofclimbing on sandstone rocks in the Czech Cretaceous basin and in the German Saxony. This paper describes the development of climbing performance on the Czech sandstone in the context of the givensocio-economic situation and the influence of the Sudetenland German climbers. It provides a shortoverview of the rules of sandstone climbing that were set at the beginning of the 20th century and areapplied with certain modifications until today. This paper follows the development of performanceevaluation in several different sandstone areas, pinpoints the milestones of sandstone climbing andexplains the performance stagnation in sandstone climbing in the postwar period and further until1990. It compares the performance evaluation on different kinds of stone taking into consideration thelocal particularities of the evaluation and draws the attention to its high subjectivity of the evaluation.
K problematice vzdělanostní struktury hráčů fotbalu a populace mužů ČR
Authors: Votík Jaromír , Lavička Jan
Published: February 2019

The education level of the population is generally of growing importance. It is an essential elementof social and economic growth of society and individuals. The very specific problem is the educationof the active, primarily elite (professional) sportsmen influencing their current personal developmentaccompanied simultaneously operating and often contradictory requirements of educational processand cultivation of the sports performance. The objective of the provided study was to discover andanalyze the educational structure of contemporary football professionals – representatives of theCzech Republic and football players at the performance level with the male population of the CzechRepublic in attempt to explain the main cause of differences in this structure. The survey included42 representatives of the Czech Republic and 111 football players at the performance level. In the researchmethods of semistructured directed interview and a questionnaire – survey were applied. Dataprocessing was based on descriptive statistics, a method of data categorization was used, including thepercent expression of frequencies. The comparison of the obtained data indicates that there are moremutual causes which could influent differences in the educational structures of examined probands,they are changeable and determined by variables rising from conditions of social, family or footballenvironment. As estimated, the major differences were found in the group of contemporary footballrepresentative players where the influence of social, family and football environment was presentedby the absence of the category ‘university education’.
Comparison of results in C1 paddling functional test and in arm crank ergometrics in canoe slalom elite athletes
Authors: Busta Jan , Bílý Milan , Kovářová Lenka , Říha Martin
Published: February 2019

Background: Recently, there have been rising demands on the specifics of functional load testing, which should with its motor structure correspond or at least draw near the sport specialization. However, evaluation of specific forms of diagnostics is very pure in canoe slalom.  Objective: The aim of the study was to compare a physiological response based on results in graded functional test when paddling in a single canoe (C1) and results reached in the standardized arm crank ergometrics. Methods: The research sample consisted of 6 elite Czech single canoeists, members of Czech senior national team and the Czech national team up to 23 years. Their average weight was 79.7±6.6 kg, height 183.4±6.6 cm and age 23.6±3.9 years.Results: When comparing the result values of physiological indicators measured in both functional tests, we have found out significant differences (statistical and substantive) in variables: VO2peak (p=0.00; 15.1%), VEpeak (p=0.06, 11.1%), HR (p=0.02; 5.7%), RR (p=0.18; 9.3%), VT (p=0.00; 18.8%) and RER (p=0.26; 4.0%). With the exception of respiratory rate, significantly lower values of all physiological variables were found in on-water testing (C1). Although there was a strong correlation between the VO2peak indicators (r=0.79, p=0.06) found between paddling and crank ergometrics, this relationship cannot be considered significant (p=0.06) due to the small research sample. Conclusions: To evaluate on-water testing and to determine the external validity of arm crank ergometrics for C1 diagnostics, it is necessary to test a bigger research sample. Therefore, it is a pilot study. However, the results indicate that the physiological load requirements in the C1 category are different from those of the kayak category (K1). Although C1 paddlers reached similar VO2peak values in the arm crank ergometrics as kayakers, in the on-water test they reached about 10 ml.kg.min-1 lower oxygen uptake compared to kayakers (Busta, Bílý, Suchý, & Kovářová, 2017).
Analysis of the game characteristics of a final juniors (male) match U14 at World Junior Tennis Finals in 2017 (case study)
Authors: Janák Ondřej , Pačes Jiří , Zháněl Jiří
Published: February 2019

The aim of this study, based on the reasearch data analysis, was find out the differences in the level of 13 chosen game characteristics of the winners and defeated junior finalists (n=4) and also to verify whether there are significant differences between the junior and adult players´ results at Roland Garros 2017. The research data were obtained from the recording of each match by the observation method using the Dartfish 9.0 software. We found out that differences between winning and defeated players were insignificant in this case. When comparing the level of game characteristics of juniors and adult players, it was found that there were significant differences in the importance of return points won and the breakpoints won.
Social justice, history, and inequity in Cleveland: An overview
Authors: Wainwright Amy , Millet Michelle
Published: February 2019

When we first volunteered to be on the Local Arrangements Committee for the ACRL 2019 conference, and to write this specific piece for our colleagues who were coming to our city, neither of us had a clue that the entire third season of the true crime podcast Serial1 would focus on the criminal justice system of Cuyahoga County. But since it was so popular, we considered it a good framing device for a discussion about social justice in Cleveland.If you haven’t listened to Serial, the short version is Cleveland and Cuyahoga County’s criminal and juvenile justice system are shining examples of the inequity that exists in the region. Poverty, segregation, violence, food deserts, crime, and an unfair justice system are all parts of the larger system that remains unjust and unequal in the heart of a Rust Belt city desperate to rise again.
Internet Reviews
Authors: Roberts Joni R. , Drost Carol A.
Published: February 2019

Critical Media ProjectThe International Institute for Counter-TerrorismNatureServe
In the News
Authors: Free David
Published: February 2019

Welcome to the February 2019 issue of C&RL News. We start out this issue with the latest installment of our Scholarly Communication column. Jenny Hoops and Sarah Hare share information on some great “Library publisher resources” in this month’s installment.
Information creation as a process: With an emphasis on creation
Authors: Scull Amanda
Published: February 2019

Much attention has been paid to the ACRL Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education since it was adopted two years ago, though the frame “Information Creation as a Process” has not received as much consideration in the literature as other frames. “Scholarship as a Conversation” and “Authority is Constructed and Contextual” are more prevalent topics, and I suspect that is because “Information Creation as a Process” seems straightforward by comparison.
¿Tomando la justicia cautelar en serio?: Las medidas provisionales en la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos
Authors: Díaz Crego María
Published: February 2019

La justicia cautelar debe permitir a todo tribunal garantizar de forma provisional los derechos de las partes, evitando situaciones irreversibles que puedan convertir en papel mojado su decisión final sobre el fondo del litigio. Para alcanzar esos objetivos, la tutela cautelar debe ser ágil y ha de concederse en todos aquellos casos en los que el daño pueda devenir irreversible. En los últimos años, la tutela cautelar de los derechos reconocidos en el Convenio Europeo de Derechos Humanos se ha convertido en uno de los buques insignia del sistema europeo de protección de los derechos fundamentales. El objetivo de este trabajo es valorar la práctica y la jurisprudencia en la materia del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos a fin de determinar si estamos ante una justicia cautelar efectiva, que garantice derechos reales y no teóricos e ilusorios.Interim relief pursues a vital role as its purpose is not only to enable an effective examination of the case at hand, but also to ensure that the protection afforded to the claimant is effective. In order to achieve those aims, interim measures need to be adopted in a very short period of time and when the claimant faces an irreparable harm. In the last years, interim relief has become a distinctive feature of the European System of Human Rights. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to evaluate the European Court of Human Right’s practice and case-law in order to determine whether it is truly guaranteeing rights that are real and effective through its interim measures.
From dynamic to static: the evolution of the relationship between the UK and the European Court of Human Rights
Authors: Amos Merris
Published: February 2019

In this article the evolution of the relationship between the UK and the European Court of Human Rights is examined. With strong human rights protection through law now present at the national level, it is concluded that the relationship has moved from a dynamic to static. The implications of this for the protection of human rights in the UK are considered and evaluated.En este artículo se examina la evolución de la relación entre el Reino Unido y el Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos. Teniendo en cuenta que ya existe a nivel nacional una importante garantía y protección de los derechos fundamentales, se observa que la relación ha cambiado de dinámica a estática. Las implicaciones que este paradigma tiene para el caso particular del Reino Unido será objeto de examen y discusión.
La prohibición de la tortura y de penas y tratos inhumanos o degradantes en el CEDH
Authors: Canosa Usera Raúl
Published: February 2019

Se trata de un análisis de uno de los artículos cruciales del CEDH que forma parte del núcleo de los derechos inderogables en los términos del artículo 15.2 del Tratado. Es verdad que este precepto no protege la integridad personal en su totalidad (para proteger el resto de la integridad el TEDH utiliza el artículo 8), sino una parte de ella frente a los ataques más graves, y que lo hace, además, no mediante el reconocimiento expreso de un derecho sino a través de una prohibición de la que se infiere, por reflejo, un derecho que los titulares pueden defender, en último término, ante el Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos.This is an analysis of one of the crucial articles of the ECHR that takes part of the core of non-derogable rights in the terms of Article 15.2 of the Treaty. We have to admit that this provision does not completely protect personal integrity (for protecting the rest of the integrity the ECtHR uses Article 8), but a part of it in the face of the most serious attacks, and that it does so, not through the explicit recognition of a right but by establishing a prohibition from which is inferred, by reflection, a right that holders can finally defend in the European Court of Human Rights.
Encuesta sobre el Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos
Authors: Albertí Rovira Enoch , Bilbao Ubillos Juan María , Ferreres Comella Víctor , García Roca Javier , Jimena Quesada Luis , Ruiz Miguel Carlos , Tur Ausina Rosario
Published: February 2019

En esta encuesta un grupo de Catedráticos de Derecho Constitucional contestan un conjunto de preguntas sobre el Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos, su origen y evolución, las principales características de su jurisprudencia, y su relación con los órganos de los Estados firmantes del Convenio Europeo de Derechos Humanos.In this academic survey a group of Constitutional Law Professors answer some questions about the European Court of Human Rights, its origins and evolution, the main features of its work and its decisions, and its relationship with the national States signatories of the European Convention on Human Rights.
Los derechos económicos y sociales en la jurisprudencia reciente del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos: una selección
Authors: Morte Gómez Carmen
Published: February 2019

El Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos y su jurisprudencia han analizado diversas situaciones y dictado numerosas sentencias a lo largo de los años estableciendo que el convenio impone obligaciones positivas a los Estados en el contexto de los derechos económicos y sociales y/o protegiendo indirectamente estos derechos indirectamente, mediante la interpretación abierta, dinámica y evolutiva del Tribunal.The European Court of Human Rights and its case law have faced several situations and issued many judgments over the years stating that the Convention imposes obligations on the States in an economic and social context and/or indirectly protecting these rights, which the Court has examined via a broad, dynamic and evolutive interpretation.
Potencialidades del pilar europeo de derechos sociales en la praxis jurisprudencial del juez de Estrasburgo: entre la heterarquía vínculo social-vínculo económico y la disfuncionalidad
Authors: Lasa López Ainhoa
Published: February 2019

El recurso a los principios de la protección efectiva y la interpretación evolutiva ha generado una prominente casuística de reconocimiento accesorio de algunos derechos sociales de prestación por parte del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos. Paralelamente, el Pilar Europeo de Derechos Sociales, con su objetivo de mejorar la integración positiva del euro sistema, parece ampliar el contenido de algunos derechos sociales contemplados por la Carta de Derechos de la Unión. Siguiendo estas coordenadas, el objetivo del presente artículo es reflexionar sobre el papel del Pilar en la línea argumental de la garantía de la dimensión objetiva de los derechos humanos de la Convención desarrollada por el juez de Estrasburgo.The use of the principles of effective protection and evolutionary interpretation has generated a prominent casuistry of accessory recognition of some social rights by the European Court of Human Rights. On the other hand, the European Pillar of Social Rights, with its objective of improving the positive integration of the euro system, seems to expand the content of some social rights contemplated by the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights. Following these coordinates, the objective of this article is to reflect on the role of Pilar in the line of reasoning of guaranteeing the objective dimension of human rights of the Convention developed by the judge of Strasbourg.
Recensiones
Authors: Montesinos Padilla Carmen , Álvarez Rodríguez Ignacio , Aba Catoira Ana , Moretón Toquero M.ª Aránzazu
Published: February 2019

RESEÑA de: Luis López Guerra, Carmen Morte Gómez, Ana María Mengual I Mallol, Guilhem Cano Palomares. "El Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos. Una visión desde dentro" (Carmen Montesinos Padilla) ; RESEÑA de: Javier García Roca y Encarna Carmona Cuenca (Eds.) "¿Hacia una globalización de los derechos? El impacto de las sentencias del Tribunal Europeo y de la Corte Interamericana" (Ignacio Álvarez Rodríguez) ; RESEÑA de: Ciro Milione. "El derecho a la tutela judicial efectiva en la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos" (Ana Aba Catoira) ; RESEÑA de: José Luis García Guerrero. "La publicidad. Fundamentos y límites constitucionales" (M.ª Aránzazu Moretón Toquero)
Bioconcentration efficiency of Lemna minor L. and Lemna gibba L. for trace metals in three southeastern Bulgarian water reservoirs
Authors: Velichkova Katya
Published: February 2019

La lenteja de agua se utiliza en el tratamiento de aguas residuales para eliminar sustancias nocivas, minerales y contaminación orgánica. El propósito del presente estudio fue investigar la eficiencia de bioconcentración de metales pesados en Lemna minor y Lemna gibba provenientes de tres embalses del sureste de Bulgaria: el canal de la ciudad de Elhovo, el canal del lago Vaja y el canal del lago Mandra. Se analizaron los contenidos de proteína cruda, lípidos y ceniza en las especies estudiadas de Lemna. Los metales pesados en agua y plantas acuáticas se determinaron con un espectrómetro de absorción atómica (AAS) "A Analyst 800" - Perkin Elmer. Las concentraciones de metales en L. minor y L. gibba mostraron una tendencia descendente: Mn>Fe>Zn>Cu>Ni> Cr>Pb>Cd en las tres masas de agua.

Duckweed is used in wastewater treatment to remove inorganic substances, mineral and organic contamination. The purpose of present study was to investigate a Lemna minor and Lemna gibba bioconcentration efficiency of trace metals in three southeast Bulgarian water reservoirs. Three waterbodies located on the territory of South East Bulgaria: water canal town Elhovo, water canal Vaja Lake and water canal Mandra Lake was studied. Crude protein, lipid, ash content in studied species of Lemna were analyzed. The trace metal content in water and aquatic plants was determined on an atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) "A Analyst 800" - Perkin Elmer. The concentrations of metals in both L. minor and L. gibba and for all sites showed a downward trend: Mn>Fe> Zn>Cu>Ni>Cr>Pb>Cd.
Lectotypification on Acroporium hyalinum (Reinw. ex Schwägr.) Mitt. (Hypnales: Sematophyllaceae)
Authors: Chua Mung Seng
Published: February 2019

Acroporium hyalinum (Reinw. ex Schwägr.) Mitt., an older name than Acroporium stramineum (Reinw. & Hornsch.) M.Fleisch. for this taxon, is applied here in accordance to the principle of nomenclatural priority. The Acroporium hyalinum is broadly circumscribed by its erect-spreading, broadly lanceolate leaves with short acuminate tips. Its infra-specific delimitation, however, has not been clearly defined. Based on careful examination of nearly 200 specimens, including 35 types associated with A. hyalinum, all the three varieties proposed by Tan in 1994 (Acroporium stramineum (Reinw. & Hornsch.) M.Fleisch. var. stramineum, A. stramineum var. hamulatum (M.Fleisch.) B.C.Tan, and A. stramineum var. turgidum (Mitt.) B.C.Tan) are accepted here as Acroporium hyalinum (Reinw. ex Schwägr.) Mitt. var. hyalinum, A. hyalinum var. hamulatum (M.Fleisch.) M.S.Chua & B.C.Ho and A. hyalinum var. turgidum (M.Fleisch.) M.S.Chua & B.C.Ho, respectively, the latter two names being new combinations. Descriptions and an identification key of these three varieties are provided, along with taxonomic notes and illustrations. Lectotypification of Hypnum hyalinum Reinw. & Hornsch. is proposed.
A revision of Australian Plagiochila (Lophocoleinae: Jungermanniopsida)
Authors: Renner Matt AM
Published: February 2019

Fifty-five Plagiochila species are recognized for Australia and New Zealand. Nine of these are new, all from Australia eight of which come from the Wet Tropics Bioregion of north east Queensland and one from the south-eastern mesic archipelago. Four of the new species belong in the challenging, and neglected, section Vagae. Three species are new Australian records, P. daviesiana, P. monospiris, and P. streimannii; and one species, P. alta, is a new record for New Zealand. Six species, P. annotina, P. circumdentata, P. colensoi, P. deltoidea, P. gigantea and P. ramosissima, are excluded from Australia as these are all New Zealand endemics reported in error for Australia. One New Zealand species is reported new for Australia (P. baylisii). Four species are excluded from Australia, P. furcata, P. inflata, P. renitens and P. sciophila, as they are based on misidentifications or are not supported by voucher material or both. Another interpretation of the confusion surrounding the name Plagiochila baileyana is presented, wherein Plagiochila baileyana is accepted as a species distinct from P. gigantea, while Plagiochila aculeata is returned to synonymy of P. fasciculata, and Plagiochila subfasciculata Colenso is reinstated. The number of Plagiochila species in Australia increases from 32 to 41, but the number of species in New Zealand decreases from 28 to 27 as a result of this study. New combinations at species level are also proposed for a variety of P. blepharophora from Fiji and two varieties of P. gymnoclada from Sumatra and Java, two species which morphological data suggests are grossly polyphyletic as currently circumscribed.
A Hybrid Scatter Search Heuristic Algorithm for Solving Cockpit Crew Rostering
Authors: Rusdiansyah Ahmad , Musthofa Danim , Siswanto Nurhadi , Putri Maulin Masyito
Published: February 2019

This research introduces the development of Hybrid Scatter Search Heuristic for solving cockpit crew (pilot and co-pilot) rostering problem. This research aims to minimize the deviation of flight hours among the cockpit crew of an airline, Garuda Indonesia Airline, during the one-month planning horizon. The weakness of the existing algorithm used in the airline, which is a trial-and-error algorithm, is that the variation among crew flight times for one month is too significant and the scheduling process takes a quite long time. We tested the performance of our proposed algorithm to that of the existing algorithm. The numerical experiments showed that the proposed algorithm had outperformed the existing algorithm. More specifically, we found some in sensitivity analysis experiments. Our experiment results showed that that the higher the flight time target, the higher the total deviation of flight time. We also conducted several experiments to show the robustness of our proposed algorithm. First, we tested the relationship between the number of pilots who can use their preferences and the total deviation of flight time. We conducted experiments by giving the cockpit crew the opportunity to choose a day off. Finally, we analyzed the results by changing the number of cockpit crew.
Preventing BRCA1/ZBRK1 repressor complex binding to the GOT2 promoter results in accelerated aspartate biosynthesis and promotion of cell proliferation
Authors: Hong Ruoxi , Zhang Weimin , Xia Xi , Zhang Kai , Wang Yan , Wu Mengjiao , Fan Jiawen , Li Jinting , Xia Wen , Xu Fei , Chen Jie , Wang Shusen , Zhan Qimin
Published: February 2019

Breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) has been implicated in modulating metabolism via transcriptional regulation. However, direct metabolic targets of BRCA1 and the underlying regulatory mechanisms are still unknown. Here, we identified several metabolic genes, including the gene which encodes glutamate‐oxaloacetate transaminase 2 (GOT2), a key enzyme for aspartate biosynthesis, which are repressed by BRCA1. We report that BRCA1 forms a co‐repressor complex with ZBRK1 that coordinately represses GOT2 expression via a ZBRK1 recognition element in the promoter of GOT2. Impairment of this complex results in upregulation of GOT2, which in turn increases aspartate and alpha ketoglutarate production, leading to rapid cell proliferation of breast cancer cells. Importantly, we found that GOT2 can serve as an independent prognostic factor for overall survival and disease‐free survival of patients with breast cancer, especially triple‐negative breast cancer. Interestingly, we also demonstrated that GOT2 overexpression sensitized breast cancer cells to methotrexate, suggesting a promising precision therapeutic strategy for breast cancer treatment. In summary, our findings reveal that BRCA1 modulates aspartate biosynthesis through transcriptional repression of GOT2, and provides a biological basis for treatment choices in breast cancer.
Compressive Properties of Bio‐Inspired Reticulated Shell Structures Processed by Selective Laser Melting
Authors: Wang Haoran , Gu Dongdong , Lin Kaijie , Xi Lixia , Yuan Luhao
Published: February 2019

Owing to reasonable stress, large rigidity and large span, the reticulated shell structure is widely used in the field of aerospace industry. However, its hard‐to‐process nature hinders, the progress of design optimization, and experimental investigation. In this paper, a series of reticulated shell structure, inspired from the diving bell of the water spiders, is designed and fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM) additive manufacturing technology from AlSi10Mg powder. The effects of strut diameter on dimensional accuracy, densification behavior, and mechanical properties of SLM‐processed reticulated shell structures are investigated. The results show that all the SLM‐processed reticulated shell structures exhibit high relative density (>99%), which decrease with the increase of strut diameter. The load–displacement curves of all reticulated shell structures exhibit a similar trend including three distinct stages. The structure with strut diameter of 1.25 mm (D1.25) has relatively high specific energy absorption, and energy absorption capability. The fracture mechanism of SLM‐processed reticulated shell structures with different strut diameters is analyzed through a combination of finite element simulations and experimental observations. With an increasing strut diameter, the dominant mechanism changes from stress‐controlled to porosity‐controlled fracture.
Laminated Modulation of Tricritical Ferroelectrics Exhibiting Highly Enhanced Dielectric Permittivity and Temperature Stability
Authors: Gao Jinghui , Wang Yan , He Zhixin , Liu Yongbin , Wang Dong , Jin Li , Zhao Tongxin , Zhong Lisheng , Ren Xiaobing
Published: February 2019

Ferroelectric materials with large dielectric response and high temperature‐stability have found significant applications in advanced electronics and electrical power/storage equipment. The effective approaches explored up to now mainly focus on improving dielectric response by employing the phase instability caused by the ferroelectric transition. Nevertheless, one inherent shortcoming is that the enhancement of dielectric permittivity is at the expense of the deterioration of its temperature stability. Here, a strategy that successfully achieves both enhanced dielectric response as well as excellent temperature reliability (with εr ≈ 2 × 104 from 30 to 85 °C) by designing a laminated structure of tricritical ferroelectrics (LTF) with successive Curie temperatures is proposed. Moreover, the improvement in dielectric performance triggers the temperature‐stable energy‐storage performance as well as electrocaloric property in LTF specimens. Further microstructure investigation and phase‐field modeling reveal that these remarkable properties of laminated layers originate from the successive occurrence of tricritical transition with a nanodomain structure in a wide temperature range. The findings may shed a new light on developing advanced ferroelectrics with high performance and thermal reliability.
Conjugated Molecules “Bridge”: Functional Ligand toward Highly Efficient and Long‐Term Stable Perovskite Solar Cell
Authors: Dong Hua , Xi Jun , Zuo Lijian , Li Jingrui , Yang Yingguo , Wang Dongdong , Yu Yue , Ma Lin , Ran Chenxin , Gao Weiyin , Jiao Bo , Xu Jie , Lei Ting , Wei Feijie , Yuan Fang , Zhang Lin , Shi Yifei , Hou Xun , Wu Zhaoxin
Published: February 2019

Interfacial ligand passivation engineering has recently been recognized as a promising avenue, contributing simultaneously to the optoelectronic characteristics and moisture/operation tolerance of perovskite solar cells. To further achieve a win‐win situation of both performance and stability, an innovative conjugated aniline modifier (3‐phenyl‐2‐propen‐1‐amine; PPEA) is explored to moderately tailor organolead halide perovskites films. Here, the conjugated PPEA presents both “quasi‐coplanar” rigid geometrical configuration and distinct electron delocalization characteristics. After a moderate treatment, a stronger dipole capping layer can be formed at the perovskite/transporting interface to achieve favorable banding alignment, thus enlarging the built‐in potential and promoting charge extraction. Meanwhile, a conjugated cation coordinated to the surface of the perovskite grains/units can form preferably ordered overlapping, not only passivating the surface defects but also providing a fast path for charge exchange. Benefiting from this, a ≈21% efficiency of the PPEA‐modified solar cell can be obtained, accompanied by long‐term stability (maintaining 90.2% of initial power conversion efficiency after 1000 h testing, 25 °C, and 40 ± 10 humidity). This innovative conjugated molecule “bridge” can also perform on a larger scale, with a performance of 18.43% at an area of 1.96 cm2.