bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deubiquitination of RIPK2 by OTUB2 augments NOD2 signalling and protective effects in intestinal inflammation
Authors: Du Xue , Xu Jun , Mei Fuqi , Shen Jiangyun , Zhou Bincheng , Zhu Zhenhu , Li Zhongding , Su Xian , Li Jianmin , Schlüter Dirk , Ruan Jing , Wang Xu
Published: October 2024

Background

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract, but the molecular mechanisms underlying IBD are incompletely understood. In this study, we explored the role and regulating mechanism of otubain 2 (OTUB2), a deubiquitinating enzyme, in IBD.

Methods

To study the function of OTUB2 in IBD, we generated Otub2–/– mice and treated them with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to induce experimental colitis. Bone marrow transplantation was performed to identify the cell populations that were affected by OTUB2 in colitis. The molecular mechanism of OTUB2 in signal transduction was studied by various biochemical methods.

Results

OTUB2 was highly expressed in colon‐infiltrating macrophages in both humans with IBD and mice with DSS‐induced experimental colitis. Colitis was significantly aggravated in Otub2–/– mice and bone marrow chimeric mice receiving Otub2–/– bone marrow. OTUB2‐deficiency impaired the production of cytokines and chemokines in macrophages in response to the NOD2 agonist muramyl dipeptide (MDP). Upon MDP stimulation, OTUB2 promoted NOD2 signaling by stabilizing RIPK2. Mechanistically, OTUB2 inhibited the proteasomal degradation of RIPK2 by removing K48‐linked polyubiquitination on RIPK2, which was mediated by the active C51 residue in OTUB2. In mice, OTUB2 ablation abolished the protective effects of MDP administration in colitis.

Conclusion

This study identified OTUB2 as a novel regulator of intestinal inflammation.
ATF3‐mediated transactivation of CXCL14 in HSCs during liver fibrosis
Authors: Li Xinmiao , Lin Lifan , Li Yifei , Zhang Weizhi , Lang Zhichao , Zheng Jianjian
Published: October 2024

Background and aims

Myofibroblasts, the primary producers of extracellular matrix, primarily originate from hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and their activation plays a pivotal role in liver fibrosis. This study aimed to investigate the function of CXC motif ligand 14 (CXCL14) in the progression of liver fibrosis.

Approach and results

CXCL14 knockdown significantly reduced the extent of liver fibrosis. Using Ingenuity pathway analysis and qRT‐PCR, activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) was identified as a key upstream regulator of CXCL14 expression. Mechanistically, ATF3 was shown to bind to the CXCL14 promoter, promoting its transactivation by TGF‐β in HSCs. Notably, both global CXCL14 deletion (CXCL14−/−) and HSC/myofibroblast‐specific CXCL14 knockdown significantly attenuated liver fibrosis in mice. RNA‐seq comparisons between CXCL14−/− and WT mice highlighted Jak2 as the most significantly downregulated gene, implicating its role in the antifibrotic effects of CXCL14 suppression on HSC inactivation. Moreover, Jak2 overexpression reversed the inhibition of liver fibrosis caused by CXCL14 knockdown in vivo.

Conclusions

These findings unveil a novel ATF3/CXCL14/Jak2 signalling axis in liver fibrosis, presenting potential therapeutic targets for the disease.
A High‐Performance 3D Eight‐Port THz‐MIMO Antenna System Verified With Machine Learning for Enhanced Wireless Communication Systems
Authors: Al‐Bawri Samir Salem , Abdulkawi Wazie M. , Sheta Abdel‐Fattah A. , Moniruzzaman Md.
Published: October 2024

This article proposes an eight‐port octagonal‐shaped multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) wideband 3D antenna system for terahertz (THz) applications. The 3D configuration of the proposed THz‐MIMO antenna is placed on a 55‐μm‐thick polyimide substrate. A modified butterfly‐shaped radiating patch and full ground plane make up the single antenna element. Every antenna element spans a wide impedance bandwidth for THz spectrums from 0.9‐ to 1.68‐THz frequency band, a frequency operating range with the highest radiation efficiency of 98% and is printed in a compact size of 130 × 110 μm2 (0.00004 × 0.00005 , with respect to the lowest operating frequency). The THz‐MIMO antenna system with eight ports is composed of both symmetric and nonsymmetric array arrangements. For configurations that are symmetric or nonsymmetric, the estimated MIMO performance parameters, envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) < 0.01 within allowable bounds, diversity gain (DG) exceeding 9.99 dB, total active reflection coefficient (TARC) < −10 dB, and channel capacity loss (CCL) below 0.2 bits/s/Hz, and the exhibited gain is above 7.5 dBi. Furthermore, another approach, such as supervised regression machine learning (ML), is used to forecast antenna gain. The variance score, mean square error (MSE), root mean square error (RMSE), R square, mean squared logarithmic error (MSLE), mean absolute error (MAE), and so forth are used to gauge how well ML models perform. The accuracy of ridge regression gain prediction is approximately 98%, with errors of less than unity, which is better than the other ML models. The suggested THz‐MIMO antenna system is appropriate for the wireless communication networks operating in the sixth generation.
Sm(Ⅲ), Gd(Ⅲ), and Eu(Ⅲ) complexes with 8‐hydroxyquinoline derivatives as potential anticancer agents via inhibiting cell proliferation, blocking cell cycle, and inducing apoptosis in NCI‐H460 cells
Authors: Yang Kun , Li Huan‐Qing , Hu Mei‐Qi , Ma Meng‐Xue , Gu Yun‐Qiong , Yang Qi‐Yuan , Iqbal Choudhary Muhammad , Liang Hong , Chen Zhen‐Feng
Published: October 2024

Four lanthanide complexes with 8‐hydroxyquinoline‐2‐aldehyde‐2‐hydrazinopyridine (H‐L1), 8‐hydroxyquinoline‐2‐aldehyde‐2‐hydrazimidazole (H‐L2): [Sm(L1)2][Sm(L1)(NO3)3]·CHCl3·2CH3OH (1), [Gd(L1)2][Gd(L1)(NO3)3]·CHCl3·2CH3OH (2), [Sm(L2)(NO3)2]2·CH3OH (3), and [Eu(L2)(NO3)2]2·CH3OH (4) were synthesized and characterized. In vitro cytotoxicity evaluation showed that the ligands and four lanthanide complexes exhibited cytotoxicity to the five tested tumor cell lines. Among them, complex 1 showed the best antiproliferative activity against NCI‐H460 tumor cells. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that complex 1 arrested the cell cycle of NCI‐H460 cells in G1 phase and induced mitochondria‐mediated apoptosis, which resulted in the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, enhanced intracellular Ca2+ levels and reactive oxygen species generation. In addition, complex 1 affected the expression levels of intracellular apoptosis‐related proteins and activated the caspase‐3/9 in NCI‐H460 cells. Therefore, complex 1 is a potential anticancer agent.
Hypoxia regulate developmental coronary angiogenesis potentially through VEGF‐R2‐ and SOX17‐mediated signaling
Authors: Vitali Halie E. , Kuschel Bryce , Sherpa Chhiring , Jones Brendan W. , Jacob Nisha , Madiha Syeda A. , Elliott Sam , Dziennik Eddie , Kreun Lily , Conatser Cora , Bhetwal Bhupal P. , Sharma Bikram
Published: October 2024

Background

The development of coronary vessels in embryonic mouse heart involves various progenitor populations, including sinus venosus (SV), endocardium, and proepicardium. ELA/APJ signaling is known to regulate coronary growth from the SV, whereas VEGF‐A/VEGF‐R2 signaling controls growth from the endocardium. Previous studies suggest hypoxia might regulate coronary growth, but its specific downstream pathways are unclear. In this study, we further investigated the role of hypoxia and have identified SOX17‐ and VEGF‐R2‐mediated signaling as the potential downstream pathways in its regulation of developmental coronary angiogenesis.

Results

HIF‐1α stabilization by knocking out von Hippel Lindau (VHL) protein in the myocardium (cKO) disrupted normal coronary angiogenesis in embryonic mouse hearts, resembling patterns of accelerated coronary growth. VEGF‐R2 expression was increased in coronary endothelial cells under hypoxia in vitro and in VHL cKO hearts in vivo. Similarly, SOX17 expression was increased in the VHL cKO hearts, while its knockout in the endocardium disrupted normal coronary growth.

Conclusion

These findings provide further evidence that hypoxia regulates developmental coronary growth potentially through VEGF‐R2 and SOX17 pathways, shedding light on mechanisms of coronary vessel development.
Structural and functional differences of gut microbiota in Pomacea canaliculata from different geographical locations and habitats
Authors: Fang Miao , Yu Fandong , Shu Lu , Wei Hui , Mu Xidong , Wang Xuejie , Xu Meng , Gu Dangen
Published: October 2024

Gut microbiota is related to host fitness, and influenced by geographical locations and habitats. Pomacea canaliculata is a malignant invasive alien snail that threatens agricultural production and ecosystem functions worldwide. Clarifying the general rules of the gut microbial community structure and function of the snails in different geographical locations and habitats is of great significance for understanding their invasion at different spatial scales. This study used high‐throughput sequencing technology to compare and analyze the differences in community structure and function of gut microbiota in P. canaliculata from five geographical locations (Liuzhou, Yulin, Nanning, Wuzhou, and Hezhou) and three different habitats (pond, paddy field, and ditch) in Guangxi Province. The results showed that intestinal microbial alpha diversity of P. canaliculata was higher in Liuzhou, Yulin, lower in Nanning, Wuzhou, Hezhou, and higher in ponds compared with paddy fields and ditches. The dominant phyla of gut microbiota in snails were Firmicutes, Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteriota, Bacteroidota, and the dominant genus was Lactococcus. The community structure of gut microbiota in snails varied significantly across different geographical locations and habitats, and the phyla Firmicutes, Cyanobacteria had significantly higher relative abundance in snails collected from Nanning and Yulin, respectively. Moreover, the relative abundance of gut functional microbiota associated with human disease in P. canaliculata was significantly affected by geographical locations and habitats, and with the highest abundance in ponds. However, the relative abundance of functional microbiota related to metabolism, genetic information processing, organizational system, environmental information processing, and cellular processes were only significantly affected by geographical locations. Collectively, geographical locations and habitats had significantly different effects on the community structure and function of gut microbiota in P. canaliculata, and the greater differences were caused by geographical locations rather than by habitats.
Revealing suitable habitats for Juniperus procera and Olea europaea tree species in the remnant dry Afromontane forests of Ethiopia: Insights from ensemble species distribution modeling approach
Authors: Zenebe Gebreyohannes , Zenebe Amanuel , Birhane Emiru , Girma Atkilt , Shiferaw Henok
Published: October 2024

Human activities and climate change pose a significant threat to the dry Afromontane forests in Ethiopia, which are essential for millions of people both economically and ecologically. In Ethiopia, trees are planted elsewhere even if they are not likely to be well suited to the area. This study aims to identify the suitable habitat for the most exploited Juniperus procera (J. procera) and Olea europaea (O. europaea) tree species in northern Ethiopia. As inputs, least correlated temperature, moisture, soil, and topographic variables were selected through a stepwise procedure. The study evaluated five individual and ensemble models using the area under the curve (AUC) and true skill statistic (TSS) values. The ensemble model outperformed with mean AUC of 0.95 and TSS of 0.78 for J. procera, while securing the second position for O. europaea with an AUC of 0.88 and TSS of 0.71. Climatic factors emerged as the most influential, followed by soil and topography. Suitable areas for both species were found when Isothermality (Bio3) values range from 52% to 62%, temperature seasonality (Bio4) of 16–29°C. Moreover, well drained soils with soil texture not heavier than sandy clay, and soil organic carbon ranging from 5 to 42 g kg−1 were found suitable. The optimal suitable altitude for J. procera and O. europaea was determined to be 2200–2600 and 2100–2500 m.a.s.l., respectively. The suitable areas for J. procera and O. europaea were estimated to be 3130 and 3946 km2, respectively. Furthermore, potential plantation areas were identified beyond Desa'a and Hugumbirda Grat‐Kahsu protected forests, covering 2721 km2 (86.9%) for J. procera and 3576 km2 (90.6%) for O. europaea. These findings hold significance for the conservation and sustainable management of these valuable tree species in northern Ethiopia. We recommend implementing a similar approach for other locally restricted dry Afromontane tree species with wider potential distribution.
Gender‐specific risks for incident cancer in patients with different heart failure phenotypes
Authors: Chen Qin‐Fen , Katsouras Christos S. , Liu Chenyang , Shi Jingjing , Luan Xiaoqian , Ni Chao , Yao Hongxia , Lu Yingdan , Lin Wei‐Hong , Zhou Xiao‐Dong
Published: October 2024

Background

There is conflicting evidence regarding whether heart failure (HF) increases the risk of developing cancer.

Objective

This study aimed to assess the association between HF and incident cancer, considering gender differences and HF phenotypes.

Methods

This retrospective study was conducted on data of adult individuals, free of cancer at baseline, from the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University between January 2009 and February 2023. The patients with HF were categorized as HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). The primary outcome was incident cancer, including obesity‐related, tobacco‐related, lung, colorectal and breast cancers.

Results

Of 33 033 individuals enrolled, 16 722 were diagnosed with HF, including 10 086 (60.3%) with HFpEF and 6636 (39.7%) with HFrEF. During a median follow‐up period of 4.6 years (inter‐quartile range: 2.6–7.3), incident cancer was diagnosed in 10.5% (1707 patients) of the non‐HF group and 15.1% (2533 individuals) of the HF group. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, patients with HF had a 58% increased risk of cancer than those without HF [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.48–1.69, P < 0.001]. This risk was consistent across genders (female: adjusted HR 1.95, 95% CI 1.74–2.18, P < 0.001; male: adjusted HR 1.41, 95% CI 1.30–1.54, P < 0.001) and HF phenotypes (HFpEF: adjusted HR 1.69, 95% CI 1.57–1.81, P < 0.001; HFrEF: adjusted HR 1.32, 95% CI 1.20–1.46, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Both HFpEF and HFrEF are associated with an increased risk of incident cancer. This correlation maintains its validity across genders.
Analysis of epilepsy‐associated variants in HCN3 – Functional implications and clinical observations
Authors: Zhao Peiwei , Xiong Hongbo , Kuang Gunagtao , Sun Chen , Zhang Xiankai , Huang Yufeng , Luo Sukun , Zhang Lei , Jiang Jun , He Xuelian
Published: October 2024

Objective

This case study investigates the role of hyperpolarization‐activated, cyclic nucleotide‐gated (HCN) ion channels, which are integral membrane proteins crucial for regulating neuronal excitability. HCN channels are composed of four subunits (HCN1‐4), with HCN1, HCN2, and HCN4 previously linked to epilepsy. However, the role of the HCN3 in epileptogenesis remains underexplored.

Methods

We recruited a cohort of 298 epilepsy patients to screen for genetic variants in the HCN3 (NM_020897.3) using Sanger sequencing. We identified rare variants and conducted functional assays to evaluate their pathogenicity.

Results

We identified three rare heterozygous variants in HCN3: c.1370G > A (R457H), c.1982G > A (R661Q), and c.1982G > A(P630L). In vitro functional analyses demonstrated that these variants affected the expression level of HCN3 protein without altering its membrane localization. Whole‐cell voltage‐clamp experiments showed that two variants (R457H and R661Q) significantly reduced current density in cells, while P630L has no effect on ion channel current.

Significance

Our findings suggest that the identified HCN3 genetic variants disrupt HCN ion channel function, highlighting HCN3 as a novel candidate gene involved in epileptic disorders. This expands the genetic landscape of epilepsy and provides new insights into its molecular underpinnings.

Plain Language Summary

Epilepsy is a brain disease that can be caused by mutations in specific genes. We found three rare variants in HCN3 gene in 298 patients with epilepsy, and two of the three mutations could be pathogenic and cause epilepsy and another one is single‐nucleotide polymorphism, which could have no effect and no contribution to the development of epilepsy.
The greenhouse gas footprint of liquefied natural gas (LNG) exported from the United States
Authors: Howarth Robert W.
Published: October 2024

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) exports from the United States have risen dramatically since the LNG‐export ban was lifted in 2016, and the United States is now the world's largest exporter. This LNG is produced largely from shale gas. Production of shale gas, as well as liquefaction to make LNG and LNG transport by tanker, is energy‐intensive, which contributes significantly to the LNG greenhouse gas footprint. The production and transport of shale gas emits a substantial amount of methane as well, and liquefaction and tanker transport of LNG can further increase methane emissions. Consequently, carbon dioxide (CO2) from end‐use combustion of LNG contributes only 34% of the total LNG greenhouse gas footprint, when CO2 and methane are compared over 20 years global warming potential (GWP20) following emission. Upstream and midstream methane emissions are the largest contributors to the LNG footprint (38% of total LNG emissions, based on GWP20). Adding CO2 emissions from the energy used to produce LNG, total upstream and midstream emissions make up on average 47% of the total greenhouse gas footprint of LNG. Other significant emissions are the liquefaction process (8.8% of the total, on average, using GWP20) and tanker transport (5.5% of the total, on average, using GWP20). Emissions from tankers vary from 3.9% to 8.1% depending upon the type of tanker. Surprisingly, the most modern tankers propelled by two‐ and four‐stroke engines have higher total greenhouse gas emissions than steam‐powered tankers, despite their greater fuel efficiency and lower CO2 emissions, due to methane slippage in their exhaust. Overall, the greenhouse gas footprint for LNG as a fuel source is 33% greater than that for coal when analyzed using GWP20 (160 g CO2‐equivalent/MJ vs. 120 g CO2‐equivalent/MJ). Even considered on the time frame of 100 years after emission (GWP100), which severely understates the climatic damage of methane, the LNG footprint equals or exceeds that of coal.
A meta‐analysis of cognitive flexibility in aging: Perspective from functional network and lateralization
Authors: Xia Haishuo , Hou Yongqing , Li Qing , Chen Antao
Published: October 2024

Cognitive flexibility, the ability to switch between mental processes to generate appropriate behavioral responses, is reduced with typical aging. Previous studies have found that age‐related declines in cognitive flexibility are often accompanied by variations in the activation of multiple regions. However, no meta‐analyses have examined the relationship between cognitive flexibility in aging and age‐related variations in activation within large‐scale networks. Here, we conducted a meta‐analysis employing multilevel kernel density analysis to identify regions with different activity patterns between age groups, and determined how these regions fall into functional networks. We also employed lateralization analysis to explore the spatial distribution of regions exhibiting group differences in activation. The permutation tests based on Monte Carlo simulation were used to determine the significance of the activation and lateralization results. The results showed that cognitive flexibility in aging was associated with both decreased and increased activation in several functional networks. Compared to young adults, older adults exhibited increased activation in the default mode, dorsal attention, ventral attention, and somatomotor networks, while displayed decreased activation in the visual network. Moreover, we found a global‐level left lateralization for regions with decreased activation, but no lateralization for regions with higher activation in older adults. At the network level, the regions with decreased activation were left‐lateralized, while the regions with increased activation showed varying lateralization patterns within different networks. To sum up, we found that networks that support various mental functions contribute to age‐related variations in cognitive flexibility. Additionally, the aging brain exhibited network‐dependent activation and lateralization patterns in response to tasks involving cognitive flexibility. We highlighted that the comprehensive meta‐analysis in this study offered new insights into understanding cognitive flexibility in aging from a network perspective.
Study the effect of adding rectangular fins along the riser pipe on the thermal performance of the flat‐plate solar water heater system
Authors: Theeyzen Sabaa , Freegah Basim
Published: October 2024

The earlier studies investigated many parameters affecting the flat plate solar collectors (FPSCs) while employing an active approach to transmit the heat transfer fluid and running under a constant heat flux. In contrast, the presented study investigates enhancing the thermal performance through added fins with different heights and numbers to FPSC in a changing heat‐flux condition and relies on a passive technique. Thus, Models A, B, and C included adding five fins along the riser‐pipe with heights of 5, 7.5, and 10 mm, respectively, while Models D and E used four and three fins of 10 mm height, and the numerical calculations were conducted using ANSYS Fluent 2022R1. Then, the experimental work was done for the traditional model in Baghdad City, Iraq, to validate the results of numerical work, and the numerical and experimental work difference was found to be 10.17% for the tank's average temperature and the heat transfer liquid's temperature at the riser outlet is 10.14%. The numerical results indicate that the thermal efficiency of the system in all test models (A, B, C, D, and E) is enhanced than the classical model regarding the water's temperature in the tank and the working liquid's temperature at the pipe's outlet. In addition, the study concluded that Model C achieved a greater overall thermal efficiency than the traditional model by 38.59% and higher than Models A, B, D, and E by 11.77%, 6.65%, 8.19%, and 18.09%, respectively.
Association between family history with lung cancer incidence and mortality risk in the Asia Cohort Consortium
Authors: Kishida Rie , Yin Xin , Abe Sarah Krull , Rahman Md. Shafiur , Saito Eiko , Islam Md. Rashedul , Lan Qing , Blechter Batel , Rothman Nathaniel , Sawada Norie , Tamakoshi Akiko , Shu Xiao‐Ou , Hozawa Atsushi , Kanemura Seiki , Kim Jeongseon , Sugawara Yumi , Park Sue K. , Kweon Sun‐Seog , Ahsan Habibul , Boffetta Paolo , Chia Kee Seng , Matsuo Keitaro , Qiao You‐Lin , Zheng Wei , Inoue Manami , Kang Daehee , Seow Wei Jie
Published: October 2024

Family history of lung cancer (FHLC) has been widely studied but most prospective cohort studies have primarily been conducted in non‐Asian countries. We assessed the association between FHLC with risk of lung cancer (LC) incidence and mortality in a population of East Asian individuals. A total of 478,354 participants from 11 population‐based cohorts in the Asia Cohort Consortium were included. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A total of 7,785 LC incident cases were identified. FHLC (any LC subtype) was associated with an increased risk of LC incidence (HR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.30–1.63). The positive association was observed in men and women (HR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.26–1.66 in men; HR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.22–1.79 in women), and in both never‐smokers and ever‐smokers (HR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.18–1.73 in never‐smokers; HR = 1.46, 95% CI =1.27–1.67 in ever‐smokers). FHLC was associated with an increased risk of lung adenocarcinoma (HR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.36–1. 94), squamous cell carcinoma (HR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.46–2.44), and other non‐small cell LC (HR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.02–3.68). However, we found no evidence of significant effect modification by sex, smoking status, and ethnic groups. In conclusion, FHLC was associated with increased risk of LC incidence and mortality, and the associations remained consistent regardless of sex, smoking status and ethnic groups among the East Asian population.
Exploring the cessation process from adolescence to young adulthood in individuals with lived experience of nonsuicidal self‐injury: a qualitative study
Authors: Andersson H. , Korhonen L. , Holmqvist Larsson K. , Gustafsson B. M. , Zetterqvist M.
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) is a common and concerning behavior in adolescents. However, most adolescents cease NSSI as they transition into adulthood. Increased knowledge of the cessation process is needed. This study aimed to qualitatively explore the factors contributing to NSSI cessation in individuals with lived experience of NSSI, providing valuable insights for treatment strategies.

Methods

Twenty‐six individuals assigned female sex at birth, between ages 20–22 years, from Sweden were interviewed between 2021 and 2023 in Linköping, Sweden. Of these, 21 individuals perceived themselves as having ceased NSSI and were included in the analysis. Thematic analysis and Hooley and Franklins' Benefits and Barriers Model of NSSI were used to analyze the transcripts.

Results

Three overarching themes were generated: “Something inside me changed”, “Something in my close relationships changed”, and “Something in my life context changed”. The cessation of NSSI was associated with several key factors. Improved well‐being and envisioning a different future were pivotal in initiating the cessation process. Additionally, interpersonal relationships and support from others were interpreted as powerful motivators for change. Transitioning to a new social context and leaving behind a destructive environment provided opportunities for personal growth and enhanced well‐being, interpreted as initiators in the participants' broader life context.

Conclusion

This study underscores the complexity of the NSSI cessation process and highlights the need for a comprehensive understanding of the underlying factors. Access to emotion regulation skills was perceived as a significant barrier to NSSI engagement. Clinical implications and different interventions to support NSSI cessation are discussed.
Developmental trajectories of students' beliefs about social success: Differences between students with and without a middle school transition
Authors: Brass Nicole R. , Ryan Allison M.
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Attaining social success is a significant concern during early adolescence. The characteristics that youth believe will bring social success are known to change over time and vary across contexts, especially over the transition to middle school.

Methods

The analytic sample included 614 students (52% girls, 48% boys; 53% Black, 47% White) from the Midwestern United States. At yearly intervals during grades 6–8, participants completed self‐report surveys assessing their endorsement of five characteristics (sincerity, academic responsibility, dominance, disingenuity, athleticism/attractiveness) that described peers in their grade who have lots of friends and get along well with others (i.e., social success). The sample included students who attended the same school from kindergarten‐eighth grade (K8) and students who made a transition from an elementary to a middle school after 6th grade (ESMS).

Results

Multigroup longitudinal growth models revealed some concerning trends over time. For both ESMS and K8 students, their endorsement of sincerity decreased, their endorsement of disingenuity increased, and their endorsement of athleticism/attractiveness was high and stable. ESMS students' endorsement of academic responsibility decreased over time and their endorsement of dominance showed increasing trends. K8 students' endorsements of academic responsibility and dominance were stable. However, across contexts, compared to the other characteristics, sincerity was most often ranked the highest.

Conclusions

The findings highlight that some changes in students' beliefs about social success may be unique to students who experience a school transition whereas others may be developmentally normative. Implications for the education of young adolescent students are discussed.
KDM4B Histone Demethylase Inhibition Attenuates Tumorigenicity of Malignant Melanoma Cells by Overriding the p53‐Mediated Tumor Suppressor Pathway
Authors: Hasan Arif Ul , Serada Satoshi , Sato Sachiko , Obara Mami , Hirata Sho , Nagase Yukako , Kondo Yukiko , Taira Eiichi
Published: October 2024

Despite significant advances in the treatment of cutaneous melanoma (hereafter melanoma), the prognosis remains less favorable due to therapeutic resistance, which is presumably linked to epigenetic dysregulation. We hypothesized that the histone lysine demethylase KDM4B could play a pivotal role in controlling therapy‐resistant melanoma. To validate our hypothesis, we retrieved RNA sequencing data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) program and observed upregulation of KDM4B in both primary and metastatic melanoma, which was associated with poor survival. To explore its role, we used murine B16, human SK‐MEL‐5, and G‐361 melanoma cells as in vitro models of melanoma. We found that KDM4B inhibition using NCGC00244536 increased global levels of H3K9me3 and downregulated the expressions of cell cycle progression–related genes Cdk1, Cdk4, Ccnb1, and Ccnd1. Moreover, genetic ablation of KDM4B or its chemical inhibition using NCGC00244536 reduced p53 production by upregulating MDM2, which enhances the proteolytic degradation of p53. Interestingly, despite the reduction of p53, these interventions augmented apoptosis and senescence‐induced cell death by activating pathways downstream of p53, as evidenced by reduced levels of pro‐survival Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐xL proteins and increased production of pro‐apoptotic cleaved caspase‐3, caspase‐7, Bax, and the senescence inducer Cdkn1a. Compared to the FDA‐approved anti‐melanoma agent dacarbazine, NCGC00244536 exhibited more pronounced cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects in melanoma cells. Importantly, NCGC00244536 demonstrated minimal cytotoxicity to low Kdm4b‐expressing mouse embryonic fibroblasts. In conclusion, our findings suggest that KDM4B inhibition can override the antitumor effect of p53, and potentially serve as a therapeutic strategy for melanoma.
Undergraduate endodontic curricula across Canadian Dental Schools: A cross‐sectional analysis
Authors: Goyal Dee , Alghahtani Fahda , Santos Juliana Nascimento , Graziotin Renata , Hieawy Ahmed
Published: October 2024

Introduction

This study aimed to evaluate and assess the degree of uniformity in endodontics education at the undergraduate level among Canadian dental schools. The objective is to enhance Canadian dental education programs to meet societal oral health needs while incorporating advancements in the field of endodontics.

Methods

An online survey comprising 36 multiple‐choice questions targeting the nature of endodontic teaching was conducted as our methodology. Participation was sought from directors of the undergraduate endodontics program at all ten Canadian dental schools in 2021 and 2022.

Results

A remarkable 100% response rate and the findings revealed a certain level of consistency among Canadian schools concerning pedagogical and assessment methods, as well as the endodontic topics taught to undergraduate students. However, notable variations were observed in the equipment and materials utilized. This study serves as a fundamental reference for identifying future modifications to the undergraduate endodontics curriculum in Canada.
Incidence and risk factors of de novo hepatitis E virus infection after receiving liver transplantation
Authors: He Ping , Li Jialei , Wang Chen , Zhang Jiayue , Jiang Yiyun , Liu Hongyang , Zhao Yao , Li Zhiwei , Gao Yinjie , Wang Yijin
Published: October 2024

Organ transplant recipients with hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection bears high risk to develop chronic hepatitis, which is generally associated with immunosuppressive therapies. This study aimed to identify the incidence and predictors of de novo HEV infection in patients after receiving transplantation. We performed a large retrospective study to investigate the prevalence of anti‐HEV at baseline, incidence of de novo HEV infection after transplantation, and the risk factors of HEV infection among patients with liver transplant in China. A total of 407 liver transplant recipients were examined for the presence of anti‐HEV immunoglobulin G, IgM antibodies, and HEV RNA in serum. Basal indexes in individuals with evidence of post‐transplant HEV infection were compared with those without evidence of that, and risk factors associated with HEV infection were assessed. The prevalence of anti‐HEV at pretransplant in liver transplant recipients was 25.8% (105/407). Serum‐negative conversion occurred in 34 (32.38%) of 105 liver transplant patients. Sixty‐five out of 302 patients had de novo HEV infection after transplantation, with a cumulative incidence of 42.74% during follow‐up. After transplantation, HEV infection was associated with liver failure (p = 0.012), hypoproteinemia (p = 0.030) and higher level of r‐glutamyl transferase (GGT) (p = 0.022) before transplantation. Graft rejection (OR = 0.075; p = 0.045) was negatively associated with serum‐negative conversion in patients who had positive anti‐HEV antibody before transplantation. The incidence of de novo HEV infection after transplantation were higher in China. Liver failure, hypoproteinemia, and GGT elevation may be associated with HEV infection after liver transplantation. This study suggests that prevention and control of HEV infection after liver transplantation should be paid attention in patients bearing these risk factors.
Influenza outbreak during the surge of SARS‐CoV‐2 omicron in a metropolitan area from southern Brazil: genomic surveillance
Authors: de Abreu Góes Pereira Vyctoria Malayhka , Gularte Juliana Schons , Demoliner Meriane , da Silva Mariana Soares , Girardi Viviane , Filippi Micheli , Frohlich Julia , Fink Pietra , Hansen Alana Witt , Ferreira Helena Lage , Afrough Babak , Kritz‐Wilson Angelika , Spilki Fernando Rosado
Published: October 2024

Influenza circulation was significantly affected in 2020–21 by the COVID‐19 pandemic. During this time, few influenza cases were recorded. However, in the summer of 2021–22, an increase in atypical influenza cases was observed, leading to the resurgence of influenza in the southernmost state of Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul (RS). The present study aimed to identify the circulation of FLUAV, FLUBV and SARS‐CoV‐2 and characterize the influenza genomes in respiratory samples using high‐throughput sequencing technology (HTS). Respiratory samples (n = 694) from patients in RS were selected between July 2021 and August 2022. The samples were typed using reverse transcriptase real‐time PCR (RT‐qPCR) and showed 32% (223/694) of the samples to be positive for SARS‐CoV‐2, 7% for FLUAV (H3) (49/694). FLUBV was not detected. RT‐qPCR data also resulted in FLUAV and SARS‐CoV‐2 co‐infections in 1.7% (4/223) of samples tested. Whole genome sequencing of FLUAV produced 15 complete genomes of the H3N2 subtype, phylogenetically classified in the 3C.2a1b.2a.2a.3 subclade and revealing the dominance of viruses in the southern region of Brazil. Mutation analysis identified 72 amino acid substitutions in all genes, highlighting ongoing genetic evolution with potential implications for vaccine effectiveness, viral fitness, and pathogenicity. This study underscores limitations in current surveillance systems, advocating for comprehensive data inclusion to enhance understanding of influenza epidemiology in southern Brazil. These findings contribute valuable insights to inform more effective public health responses and underscore the critical need for continuous genomic surveillance.
Climate variability in West Anatolia from Last Glacial Maximum to present based on the µXRF data from Buldan Yayla Lake (Denizli)
Authors: DoĞan Mustafa , Ünlü Yasemin , Gürboğa Şule , Fiołna Sabina , Şenkul Çetin
Published: October 2024

Studying climate changes in the Eastern Mediterranean and Aegean region, particularly in Western Anatolia, is crucial for understanding environmental dynamics over time. We present high‐resolution, long‐term micro‐X‐ray fluorescence data from Buldan Yayla Lake (Denizli‐Buldan), a key area, covering the period from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) to the present. Sedimentological and paleoclimate data are supported by high‐resolution radiocarbon analyses, as well as two tephra chronologies from Cape Riva and Minoan. According to the results, a cold and arid climate is observed during the LGM, Post‐LGM and Younger Dryas. From the LGM to the present, there has been a trend towards increasing warmth and humidity. During the Late Glacial (LG) and Holocene (especially in the early Holocene), the climate was warmer and more humid. A short‐lived climate change associated with the Older Dryas is recorded during the Bølling–Allerød warm period (~13 200–12 350 cal a bp) within the LG. The data indicate that the sediment cores of Buldan Yayla Lake are highly sensitive in reflecting climate information between the LGM and the present day. At the same time, the climate in Western Anatolia is recorded as more stable throughout the Holocene. In conclusion, this study enhances our understanding of Western Anatolia's climate dynamics and environment–society relationship from the LGM to the present.
A novel isolation technique for sweetpotato starch and its application in thermal property characterization
Authors: Zhao Lingxiao , Wang Jie , Xiao Shizuo , Du Mingjuan , Zhao Donglan , Dai Xibin , Zhou Zhilin , Cao Qinghe
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

The utilization of sweetpotato starch in the food industry is significantly influenced by the granule size of the starch. To isolate sweetpotato starch fractions with different sizes, an efficient isolation method is in demand. The differences in thermal properties of starch fractions with different sizes from various sweetpotato varieties were revealed insufficiently.

RESULTS

In this study, we devised a time‐saving isolation technique to effectively isolate sweetpotato starch fractions based on granule sizes. The new technique was proved applicable for sweetpotato varieties with different flesh colors. The amylose contents of the isolated starch fractions were in the range 16.49–23.27%. A positive association was observed between amylose content, relative crystallinity of starch fractions and their granule size. Conversely, both the swelling power and water solubility at 95 °C displayed a consistent decline from more than 30 g g−1 to lower than 20 g g−1 as the granule size increased. Tp, To and Tc decreased gradually with an increase of starch granule size, while the medium‐ or small‐sized starch fractions showed higher ΔH. In the first stage of thermogravimetric analysis curves, the weight of the small‐sized starch fractions decreased the slowest, but no definite pattern was detected in the second or third stage.

CONCLUSION

Therefore, the newly established technique and the results of this study will help better understand the properties of sweetpotato starch fractions with different sizes and certainly provide guidelines for the utilization of sweetpotato starch in food processing and product development. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Disparities in Health Outcomes in Surgical Oncology
Authors: Johnson Shaneeta M. , Miller‐Hammond Kimberly , McKenzie‐Johnson Tamra , Stewart John
Published: October 2024

Cancer health disparities refer to the unequal burden, treatment, and outcomes of cancer care experienced by specific populations. These disparities are systemic and often preventable, impacting diverse populations, including racial and ethnic minorities, medically underserved populations, populations in rural areas, individuals from the LGBT communities, disabled persons, extremes of age, and those living in persistent poverty. Addressing this topic is essential and timely to ensure equitable oncologic outcomes for all populations. Experts in surgical oncology and health disparities have collaborated to produce this seminar issue on Disparities in Surgical Oncology.
Perceptions and tolerance of American crocodiles and their management by South Florida residents
Authors: Deem Vincent R. , Cleary Matteo , Steen David A.
Published: October 2024

The American crocodile (Crocodylus acutus) is a federally and state‐protected species classified as threatened by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service and the State of Florida; however, its population has increased since gaining legal protection in 1967. Concurrently, the number of reported human–crocodile conflicts has also increased, analogous to known conflicts surrounding other large (typically terrestrial) predators recovering from historical population declines. Although biology and ecology are the foundation of effective wildlife management strategies, human dimensions need to be considered to develop realistic and attainable conservation objectives. To better understand how South Florida residents perceive American crocodiles and their management, we used a mixed‐mode internet and mail survey. We obtained survey data from 28 May 2021 to 20 September 2021 from people living within the range of the American crocodile in Florida. There was little variation in opinions of 6 management actions presented for consideration under each of 3 different human–crocodile interaction scenarios. The strongest consensus was around euthanizing a crocodile (highly unacceptable under all 3 scenarios) with the management action of leaving the crocodile alone and monitoring the situation showing the least amount of consensus and shifting from slightly acceptable to slightly unacceptable the closer a hypothetical crocodile was in proximity to a resident's private property. Regression modeling showed respondents who were older, female, and those with children at home were less likely to prefer an increase in the crocodile population. Respondents who perceived more benefits from crocodiles and less risk from them tended to be relatively knowledgeable about crocodiles, had higher trust in the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC), and were more likely to prefer a larger crocodile population. Further, spatial mapping revealed variation in tolerance for crocodiles and trust in FWC's ability to manage them. We reveal opportunities for targeted education and outreach efforts with the potential to affect tolerance of a large reptilian carnivore in a region experiencing rapid human development.
More knee reinjuries after ACL reconstruction compared to nonsurgical treatment of the ACL. A 2‐year follow‐up of the NACOX prospective cohort study
Authors: Selin Anna S. , Gauffin Håkan , Hedevik Henrik , Fältström Anne , Kvist Joanna
Published: October 2024

Purpose

To describe knee reinjuries and surgeries within 2 years after an acute anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, in patients treated with or without ACL reconstruction (ACLR).

Methods

Two years follow‐up of 275 patients (52% females, mean age 25.2 [SD 7.0] years) about knee reinjuries and surgeries were analysed from the prospective NACOX cohort study, aiming to describe recovery after an acute ACL injury treated according to clinical routine. Knee reinjury was defined as increase or new symptoms due to new trauma. At 2 years after injury, 169 (61%) had undergone an ACLR. Results are presented with descriptive statistics and risk ratios (RR).

Results

Thirty‐two patients sustained reinjuries within 2 years; 6 in the non‐ACLR group, and 26 in the ACLR group (7 before and 19 after ACLR). Twelve patients in the ACLR group sustained a graft rupture and three did an ACL revision. Patients with non‐ACLR, aged 21–25 years, had a 5.9‐fold higher risk for reinjury than those aged 15–20 years (RR 5.9 [1.3–26.9]; p = 0.012). Twenty‐four patients had surgery in the non‐ACLR group and 36 patients in the ACLR group (excluding primary ACLR), where six were before ACLR and 30 were after ACLR.

Conclusion

Twelve percent sustained a knee reinjury and 21% underwent knee surgery within 2 years after the index ACL injury. There was a higher reinjury incidence in the ACLR group, but no difference in incidence of surgeries. Thus, ACLR did not reduce the risk of traumatic reinjuries or surgeries, which is important for treatment decision considerations.

Level of Evidence

Level I.
Medial sleeve fractures in elite‐athletes: A heterogeneous group, anatomical and case‐based considerations
Authors: Ramsodit Kishan R. , Zwiers Ruben , Dalmau‐Pastor Miki , Gouttebarge Vincent , Maas Mario , Kerkhoffs Gino M. M. J.
Published: October 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to provide a detailed description of the anatomy and radiology of the medial sleeve and present an approach in its management among elite athletes.

Methods

Five cases of elite athletes who underwent treatment for a medial sleeve injury of which the diagnosis was confirmed through physical examination and additional magnetic resonance imaging scan are described in this study.

Results

Two patients presented with isolated medial sleeve injuries, while the other three patients suffered from concomitant ankle injuries. Non‐operative treatment consisted of relative rest, soft cast immobilization and mobilization in a walking boot or kinesiotape which was successful in four of the cases with regard to the medial sleeve. One patient underwent surgery due to syndesmotic instability. Another patient presented with combined medial and lateral ankle instability which was treated surgically with an open medial and lateral ligament repair. All patients were able to return to their pre‐injury sports and at the time of the last follow‐up were still playing in their pre‐injury level of competition.

Conclusion

Medial sleeve injuries of the ankle in elite athletes should be considered in the differential diagnosis for athletes presenting with medial ankle pain. Inherent knowledge regarding anatomy is essential when guiding the management of these injuries which can be treated successfully with a non‐operative approach consisting of relative rest, immobilization, kinesiotape and physical therapy. In case of persistent medial instability or rotational instability, surgical repair is a viable treatment option. Both modalities allow athletes to return to the pre‐injury level of competition. However, early diagnosis is crucial to minimize the delay of appropriate treatment and avoid potential residual symptoms.

Level of Evidence

Level IV.