bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of polyhydroxyalkanoate-producing bacteria isolated from sludge of commercial pig farms for producing methyl esters
Authors: Chang Chin-Feng , Chen Li-Chun , Hsieh Cheng-Jer , Chang Kai-Chun , Su Jung-Jeng
Published: November 2013

The objectives of this work were to isolate and characterize the polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) producing bacteria in enriched piggery sludge and make methyl esters from PHA for industrial applications. The strain ECAe24 isolated from piggery sludge with the highest PHA production was selected to produce PHA and then methyl ester by trans-esterification using glucose as substrate under mesophilic conditions. The final product after trans-esterification consisted of approximately 75.39% of fatty acid methyl ester and was identified as decanoic acid-3-hydroxy-methyl ester, octanoic acid-3-hydroxy-methyl ester, and some other contents. The novelty of this study is to use PHA-producing bacteria from piggery sludge to make fatty acid methyl esters which can be used as materials for producing biodiesel from piggery wastes.
Hygienization of sludge through anaerobic digestion at 35, 55 and 60 °C
Authors: Kjerstadius H. , la Cour Jansen J. , De Vrieze J. , Haghighatafshar S. , Davidsson Å.
Published: November 2013

Legislation in Sweden and the European Union concerning the use of sewage sludge in agriculture is under revision and future concentration limits for pathogens in treated sludge are likely to be expected. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hygienization of Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus and Clostridium perfringens through continuous anaerobic digestion at 35, 55 or 60 °C, as well as to investigate process stability and methane production at 60 °C. The results indicated that digestion at 55 or 60 °C with a minimum exposure time of 2 h resulted in good reduction of Salmonella, E. coli and Enterococcus and that anaerobic digestion could thus be used to reach the concentration limits suggested for the EU, as well as Sweden. Furthermore, stable continuous anaerobic digestion of sludge was achieved at 60 °C, albeit with 10% less methane production compared to digestion at 35 and 55 °C.
Reachability Analysis of Communicating Pushdown Systems
Authors: Heussner Alexander , Leroux Jérôme , Muscholl Anca , Sutre Grégoire
Published: November 2013

The reachability analysis of recursive programs that communicate
asynchronously over reliable FIFO channels calls for restrictions to ensure
decidability. Our first result characterizes communication topologies with a
decidable reachability problem restricted to eager runs (i.e., runs where
messages are either received immediately after being sent, or never received).
The problem is EXPTIME-complete in the decidable case. The second result is a
doubly exponential time algorithm for bounded context analysis in this setting,
together with a matching lower bound. Both results extend and improve previous
work from La Torre et al.
Applying CEGAR to the Petri Net State Equation
Authors: Wolf Karsten , Wimmel Harro
Published: November 2013

We propose a reachability verification technique that combines the Petri net
state equation (a linear algebraic overapproximation of the set of reachable
states) with the concept of counterexample guided abstraction refinement. In
essence, we replace the search through the set of reachable states by a search
through the space of solutions of the state equation. We demonstrate the
excellent performance of the technique on several real-world examples. The
technique is particularly useful in those cases where the reachability query
yields a negative result: While state space based techniques need to fully
expand the state space in this case, our technique often terminates promptly.
In addition, we can derive some diagnostic information in case of
unreachability while state space methods can only provide witness paths in the
case of reachability.
Invariant Generation through Strategy Iteration in Succinctly Represented Control Flow Graphs
Authors: Gawlitza Thomas Martin , Monniaux David
Published: November 2013

We consider the problem of computing numerical invariants of programs, for
instance bounds on the values of numerical program variables. More
specifically, we study the problem of performing static analysis by abstract
interpretation using template linear constraint domains. Such invariants can be
obtained by Kleene iterations that are, in order to guarantee termination,
accelerated by widening operators. In many cases, however, applying this form
of extrapolation leads to invariants that are weaker than the strongest
inductive invariant that can be expressed within the abstract domain in use.
Another well-known source of imprecision of traditional abstract interpretation
techniques stems from their use of join operators at merge nodes in the control
flow graph. The mentioned weaknesses may prevent these methods from proving
safety properties. The technique we develop in this article addresses both of
these issues: contrary to Kleene iterations accelerated by widening operators,
it is guaranteed to yield the strongest inductive invariant that can be
expressed within the template linear constraint domain in use. It also eschews
join operators by distinguishing all paths of loop-free code segments. Formally
speaking, our technique computes the least fixpoint within a given template
linear constraint domain of a transition relation that is succinctly expressed
as an existentially quantified linear real arithmetic formula. In contrast to
previously published techniques that rely on quantifier elimination, our
algorithm is proved to have optimal complexity: we prove that the decision
problem associated with our fixpoint problem is in the second level of the
polynomial-time hierarchy.
URSA: A System for Uniform Reduction to SAT
Authors: Janicic Predrag
Published: November 2013

There are a huge number of problems, from various areas, being solved by
reducing them to SAT. However, for many applications, translation into SAT is
performed by specialized, problem-specific tools. In this paper we describe a
new system for uniform solving of a wide class of problems by reducing them to
SAT. The system uses a new specification language URSA that combines imperative
and declarative programming paradigms. The reduction to SAT is defined
precisely by the semantics of the specification language. The domain of the
approach is wide (e.g., many NP-complete problems can be simply specified and
then solved by the system) and there are problems easily solvable by the
proposed system, while they can be hardly solved by using other programming
languages or constraint programming systems. So, the system can be seen not
only as a tool for solving problems by reducing them to SAT, but also as a
general-purpose constraint solving system (for finite domains). In this paper,
we also describe an open-source implementation of the described approach. The
performed experiments suggest that the system is competitive to
state-of-the-art related modelling systems.
A Complete Axiomatization of Quantified Differential Dynamic Logic for Distributed Hybrid Systems
Authors: Platzer Andre
Published: November 2013

We address a fundamental mismatch between the combinations of dynamics that
occur in cyber-physical systems and the limited kinds of dynamics supported in
analysis. Modern applications combine communication, computation, and control.
They may even form dynamic distributed networks, where neither structure nor
dimension stay the same while the system follows hybrid dynamics, i.e., mixed
discrete and continuous dynamics. We provide the logical foundations for
closing this analytic gap. We develop a formal model for distributed hybrid
systems. It combines quantified differential equations with quantified
assignments and dynamic dimensionality-changes. We introduce a dynamic logic
for verifying distributed hybrid systems and present a proof calculus for this
logic. This is the first formal verification approach for distributed hybrid
systems. We prove that our calculus is a sound and complete axiomatization of
the behavior of distributed hybrid systems relative to quantified differential
equations. In our calculus we have proven collision freedom in distributed car
control even when an unbounded number of new cars may appear dynamically on the
road.
Probabilistic modal {\mu}-calculus with independent product
Authors: Mio Matteo
Published: November 2013

The probabilistic modal {\mu}-calculus is a fixed-point logic designed for
expressing properties of probabilistic labeled transition systems (PLTS's). Two
equivalent semantics have been studied for this logic, both assigning to each
state a value in the interval [0,1] representing the probability that the
property expressed by the formula holds at the state. One semantics is
denotational and the other is a game semantics, specified in terms of
two-player stochastic parity games. A shortcoming of the probabilistic modal
{\mu}-calculus is the lack of expressiveness required to encode other important
temporal logics for PLTS's such as Probabilistic Computation Tree Logic (PCTL).
To address this limitation we extend the logic with a new pair of operators:
independent product and coproduct. The resulting logic, called probabilistic
modal {\mu}-calculus with independent product, can encode many properties of
interest and subsumes the qualitative fragment of PCTL. The main contribution
of this paper is the definition of an appropriate game semantics for this
extended probabilistic {\mu}-calculus. This relies on the definition of a new
class of games which generalize standard two-player stochastic (parity) games
by allowing a play to be split into concurrent subplays, each continuing their
evolution independently. Our main technical result is the equivalence of the
two semantics. The proof is carried out in ZFC set theory extended with
Martin's Axiom at an uncountable cardinal.
Vector Addition System Reversible Reachability Problem
Authors: Leroux Jérôme
Published: November 2013

The reachability problem for vector addition systems is a central problem of
net theory. This problem is known to be decidable but the complexity is still
unknown. Whereas the problem is EXPSPACE-hard, no elementary upper bounds
complexity are known. In this paper we consider the reversible reachability
problem. This problem consists to decide if two configurations are reachable
one from each other, or equivalently if they are in the same strongly connected
component of the reachability graph. We show that this problem is
EXPSPACE-complete. As an application of the introduced materials we
characterize the reversibility domains of a vector addition system.
Automatic functions, linear time and learning
Authors: Case John , Jain Sanjay , Stephan Frank , Stephan Frank
Published: November 2013

The present work determines the exact nature of {\em linear time computable}
notions which characterise automatic functions (those whose graphs are
recognised by a finite automaton). The paper also determines which type of
linear time notions permit full learnability for learning in the limit of
automatic classes (families of languages which are uniformly recognised by a
finite automaton). In particular it is shown that a function is automatic iff
there is a one-tape Turing machine with a left end which computes the function
in linear time where the input before the computation and the output after the
computation both start at the left end. It is known that learners realised as
automatic update functions are restrictive for learning. In the present work it
is shown that one can overcome the problem by providing work tapes additional
to a resource-bounded base tape while keeping the update-time to be linear in
the length of the largest datum seen so far. In this model, one additional such
work tape provides additional learning power over the automatic learner model
and two additional work tapes give full learning power. Furthermore, one can
also consider additional queues or additional stacks in place of additional
work tapes and for these devices, one queue or two stacks are sufficient for
full learning power while one stack is insufficient.
Exploring the Boundaries of Monad Tensorability on Set
Authors: Bowler Nathan , Goncharov Sergey , Levy Paul Blain , Schröder Lutz
Published: November 2013

We study a composition operation on monads, equivalently presented as large
equational theories. Specifically, we discuss the existence of tensors, which
are combinations of theories that impose mutual commutation of the operations
from the component theories. As such, they extend the sum of two theories,
which is just their unrestrained combination. Tensors of theories arise in
several contexts; in particular, in the semantics of programming languages, the
monad transformer for global state is given by a tensor. We present two main
results: we show that the tensor of two monads need not in general exist by
presenting two counterexamples, one of them involving finite powerset (i.e. the
theory of join semilattices); this solves a somewhat long-standing open
problem, and contrasts with recent results that had ruled out previously
expected counterexamples. On the other hand, we show that tensors with bounded
powerset monads do exist from countable powerset upwards.
Modelling Probabilistic Wireless Networks
Authors: Cerone Andrea , Hennessy Matthew
Published: November 2013

We propose a process calculus to model high level wireless systems, where the
topology of a network is described by a digraph. The calculus enjoys features
which are proper of wireless networks, namely broadcast communication and
probabilistic behaviour. We first focus on the problem of composing wireless
networks, then we present a compositional theory based on a probabilistic
generalisation of the well known may-testing and must-testing pre- orders.
Also, we define an extensional semantics for our calculus, which will be used
to define both simulation and deadlock simulation preorders for wireless
networks. We prove that our simulation preorder is sound with respect to the
may-testing preorder; similarly, the deadlock simulation pre- order is sound
with respect to the must-testing preorder, for a large class of networks. We
also provide a counterexample showing that completeness of the simulation
preorder, with respect to the may testing one, does not hold. We conclude the
paper with an application of our theory to probabilistic routing protocols.
Universal codes of the natural numbers
Authors: Filmus Yuval
Published: November 2013

A code of the natural numbers is a uniquely-decodable binary code of the
natural numbers with non-decreasing codeword lengths, which satisfies Kraft's
inequality tightly. We define a natural partial order on the set of codes, and
show how to construct effectively a code better than a given sequence of codes,
in a certain precise sense. As an application, we prove that the existence of a
scale of codes (a well-ordered set of codes which contains a code better than
any given code) is independent of ZFC.
Discrete Element Method Simulation of Railway Ballast Compactness During Tamping Process
Authors: Zhou Taoyong , Hu Bin , Sun Junfeng , Liu Zhongtian
Published: November 2013

Railway ballast tamping operation is employed in order to restore the geometry of railway track distorted by
train traffics. In this paper, based on analysis of tamping principle, the discrete element analysis model of railway ballast
is created using the discrete element method, numerical simulations are performed to study the change of railway ballast
compactness during tamping process. This paper presents the motion trend of stone ballasts as the change trend of railway
ballast compactness in qualitative analysis, and the distance between stone ballast and sleeper as the change index of railway
ballast compactness in quantitative analysis. By comparing simulation data of different vibration frequencies, an optimal
vibration frequency is obtained. The simulation results accord with the actual industrial tamping operation, which
verifies that the discrete element method is an effective method to evaluate the change of railway ballast compactness during
tamping process.
Geographical input to local public transport planning in Poland
Authors: Chaberko Tomasz , Kretowicz Paweł
Published: November 2013

This paper addresses geographical contributions to public transport planning in Poland according to the newly adopted legislation: the Act of 16 December 2010 on public transport and the Regulation of 25 May 2011 on the detailed scope of sustainable development plan of public transport. The authors investigate the application of geographical approach to public transport planning on the local level and its perspectives with a special regard to a public transport plan as the main document introduced by law in order to aid local governments in organising and managing transport services of general interest. This paper also prompts geographers to pay more attention to the ongoing changes in the legislature concerning public transport and encourages them to get involved in public transport planning both in practice and through scientific research. The authors present a few examples of preliminary selected areas deprived of appropriate public transport, hence predisposed for transport of general interest.
The use of geoinformation in rural and urban-rural gminas of Zgierz poviat – a pilot survey
Authors: Feltynowski Marcin
Published: November 2013

The use of geoinformation becomes more and more common due to the implementation of EU law to the regulations of individual member states. The opportunity of faster implementation of spatial information systems and geoinformation is possible thanks to the popularisation of knowledge concerning the ways of using spatial information. The pilot survey was conducted in rural and urban-rural gminas of Zgierz poviat (administrative unit of the 2nd order). The aim of the survey was to check if the officials in small gminas have knowledge and access to geoinformation. A part of the research was the identification of the sources of obtaining knowledge and sources of obtaining spatial data. The consequence of such an attitude was, as well, to prove in which areas of territorial unit activity geoinformation is used. An important element of the study was self-assessment of the knowledge level of the officials about geoinformation and spatial information systems. The study helped to determine if there is a knowledge gap in Polish gminas. The analyses allow for indicating the level and areas of geoinformation usage by the local authorities.
Structure of foreign investment in the industry of Poland at the beginning of the second decade of the 21st century
Authors: Tobolska Anna
Published: November 2013

This paper seeks to analyse the sectional and spatial structure of the inflow of foreign direct investment (FDI) to industry in Poland and to determine the extent of internationalisation of this sphere of the economy. Those issues are significant not only in cognitive terms, but can also have implications for the country’s economy, in particular for its economic policy. In the first step of the research procedure an analysis was characterised the structure of foreign investment in the various sectors of industry was on the basis of selected variables: the capital invested, the number of companies with foreign capital, and the employment generated. To assess differences in the divisional structure, use was made of two quantitative methods: Rodgers’ relativised index of structure diversification and Creamer’s diversification index. Then the spatial structure of the foreign capital inflow to Polish industry was identified in two aspects: by region where investment was located and by the investors’ country of origin. On the basis of the observed tendencies and regularities, an assessment was made of foreign direct investment in Polish industry, and the performed analysis was summed up by constructing an FDI internationalisation profile. In the paper use was made of statistical data obtained from the following sources: reports published by the National Bank of Poland; information and materials published by the Central Statistical Office (GUS); and information and materials published by the Polish Information and Foreign Investment Agency (PAIiIZ).
An additivity formula for the strict global dimension of C(Ω)
Authors: Tabaldyev Seytek
Published: November 2013

Let A be a unital strict Banach algebra, and let K
+ be the one-point compactification of a discrete topological space K. Denote by the weak tensor product of the algebra A and C(K
+), the algebra of continuous functions on K
+. We prove that if K has sufficiently large cardinality (depending on A), then the strict global dimension is equal to .
First Observation of Blending-Zone Morphology at Interface of Reclaimed Asphalt Binder and Virgin Bitumen
Authors: Nahar S. N. , Mohajeri M. , Schmets A. J. M. , Scarpas A. , van de Ven M. F. C. , Schitter G.
Published: November 2013

One of the challenges in designing recycled asphalt mixtures with a high amount of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) is estimating the blending degree between RAP binder and added virgin bitumen. The extent of blending is crucial because asphalt concrete response is influenced by the final binder properties. This paper focuses on the evaluation of interaction and extent of blending between RAP binder and virgin bitumen by studying the microstructures of the blending zone with atomic force microscopy (AFM). AFM is used to probe the change of microstructural properties from a RAP binder and virgin bitumen to the blending zone of these two. Averaged microstructural properties have been observed in thin-film blends of RAP binder and pure bitumen. The morphology of the blending zone (spatial extent of about 50 μm) exhibits domains of a wide range of microstructure sizes (160 nm to 2.07 μm) and can be considered to be a completely blended new material that has been observed directly for the first time. The fully blended binder properties are found to be between those of the two individual binders, as could be inferred from the averaged microstructural properties derived from AFM images of the blending zone. This finding is also consistent with the results of mechanical tests by dynamic shear rheometer on the same materials. Finally, a design formula is proposed that relates the spatial dimensions of the blending zone to temperature and mixing time, which will eventually allow the results of this study to be extended from small-length scales up to the engineering level.
Recycled Asphalt Shingle Binder Characterization and Blending with Virgin Binders
Authors: Zhou Fujie , Li Hongsheng , Lee Robert , Scullion Tom , Claros German
Published: November 2013

In addition to reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), recycled asphalt shingles (RAS) have been accepted and used by different transportation agencies in recent years. However, limited information on RAS binder characterization and blending with virgin (and RAP) binders is available in the literature partially because of the limitations of regular dynamic shear rheometers (DSRs) and bending beam rheometers (BBRs) to test this type of material. This paper first validated the applicability of the existing asphalt binder extraction and recovery procedures to extremely stiff RAS binders. Then a variety of tear-off asphalt shingles (TOAS) and manufacture waste asphalt shingles (MWAS) were extracted, recovered, and characterized with a high-temperature DSR and a BBR. It was found that TOAS binders were much stiffer than MWAS binders. Furthermore, this paper investigated the blending among virgin, RAP, and RAS binders. The results indicated that the virgin–RAS binder blending was nonlinear, unlike the well-known virgin–RAP binder linear blending. However, for practical application, the linear blending chart can still be used for estimating continuous grades of both virgin–RAS blended binders and virgin–RAP–RAS blended binders if the RAS binder is limited to 30% of the total binder. Additionally, compared with TOAS binders, MWAS binders had much less impact on properties of blended virgin–RAS binders. Therefore, it was necessary to differentiate MWAS from TOAS in the mix design process and to have different upper limits on maximum RAS binder replacement for MWAS and TOAS.
Significance of Mixture Parameters on Binder Aging in Hot-Mix Asphalt Mixtures
Authors: Morian Nathan , Hajj Elie Y. , Sebaaly Peter E.
Published: November 2013

Traditionally, aging studies of asphalt materials have been conducted primarily on asphalt binders only and have omitted any potential influence of the aggregate. These results are commonly extrapolated to the mixture behavior without a comprehensive understanding of how the mixture characteristics may potentially influence the aging of the binder within the mixture. This study was initiated by FHWA to evaluate the effects of mixture parameters—namely, different aggregate and asphalt binder sources, air voids, and binder contents—on the aging characteristics of asphalt binders aged in mixtures. Those same binders were also aged in pressure aging vessel (PAV) pans in laboratory ovens to determine the aging characteristics of the asphalt binders, as is the current state of practice. These characteristics were determined by the binder kinetics, with respect to the carbonyl area measured from the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra as a function of aging time and temperature. The hardening susceptibility (HS) of the asphalt binders, as defined by the relationship between the low shear viscosity and the carbonyl area, was also determined. The HS of the asphalt binders aged in the mixtures was compared with the HS of the binders aged in the PAV pans and was found to be statistically dissimilar for some mixtures and statistically similar for others. The analysis revealed that the effective binder content of the mixtures provided the strongest indicator of whether the evaluated mixture parameters would have a significant influence on the aging characteristics of the asphalt binder in the mix.
Paratexts in Children's Films and the Concept of Meta-filmic Awareness
Authors: Kümmerling-Meibauer Bettina
Published: November 2013

This article demonstrates, on the basis of recent research in film studies and media literacy, that filmic paratexts play a significant role in contemporary children's films. It shows that paratexts effectively comment on feature films by, for example, anticipating the film's plot and characters in the opening credits, and by pursuing the film plot in the end titles. Thorough analysis of children's films reveals that paratexts stimulate the child viewer to develop a competency that might be characterized as “meta-filmic awareness”, which is the capacity to distinguish between different levels of plot, communication, or complexity within a film. In keeping with these findings, this article represents an exploration of what we might call a meta-critical approach toward children's films.
Intraoperative cerebral angiography in arteriovenous malformation resection in children: a single institutional experience
Authors: Gaballah Marian , Storm Phillip B. , Rabinowitz Deborah , Ichord Rebecca N. , Hurst Robert W. , Krishnamurthy Ganesh , Keller Marc S. , McIntosh Adeka , Cahill Anne Marie
Published: November 2013

Object

The use of cerebral intraoperative angiography has been described in resection of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in adults. More recently, studies have described experiences with intraoperative angiography in a small number of children. However, data on the safety and clinical utility of intraoperative angiography in the pediatric population remains limited in comparison with available data in adults. The aim of the study was to evaluate the use of cerebral intraoperative angiography in children undergoing AVM resection. The clinical utility of intraoperative angiography and procedure-related complications were evaluated.

Methods

A retrospective review was performed for all patients undergoing cerebral AVM resection with intraoperative angiography at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia between 2008 and 2012. Patient imaging and operative and medical notes were reviewed to evaluate for end points of the study. A total of 17 patients (8 males, 9 females) were identified, with a median age of 12.1 years (range 1.2–17.9 years) and median weight of 45.5 kg (range 12.1–78.9 kg).

Results

A total of 21 intraoperative angiography procedures were performed for 18 AVM resections in 17 patients. The technical success rate was 94%. In 2 cases (11%), intraoperative angiography demonstrated a residual AVM, and repeat resections were performed. In both cases, no recurrent disease was noted on postoperative follow-up. One procedure-related complication (4.8%) occurred in 1 patient who was positioned prone. Recurrence to date was noted in 2 (14%) of the 14 cases with available postoperative follow-up at 3.5 and 4.7 months following resection with intraoperative angiography. The median follow-up time from intraoperative angiography to the most recent postoperative angiography was 1.1 years (range 4.3 months to 3.8 years).

Conclusions

Intraoperative angiography is an effective and safe adjunct for surgical management of cerebral AVMs in the pediatric population.
Hemodynamically significant venous collapse underlying neonatal hydrocephalus
Authors: Bateman Grant A.
Published: November 2013

Object

It is known that CSF diversion in neonatal hydrocephalus can significantly increase cerebral blood flow, suggesting that a rapidly reversible elevation in vascular resistance underlies this disorder. Various sites of vascular compression have been described in the literature, from the arterioles to the capillary bed to the venules and sinuses. The purpose of this study was to define the site of the hemodynamically significant vascular compression seen in neonatal hydrocephalus.

Methods

The author performed a retrospective review of all patients who, in the first 28 days of life, had undergone 3-T MRI examination, including MR venography and susceptibility weighted scanning, at a tertiary care referral hospital in the period from April 2010 to April 2013. The maximum size of the subependymal veins over the thalamus and transverse sinuses was measured.

Results

Three children with hydrocephalus were identified, and 10 children with a normal ventricular size served as controls. The subependymal veins were twice as prominent and the transverse sinuses were half as large in the patients with hydrocephalus compared with those in controls.

Conclusions

The hemodynamically significant elevation in vascular resistance, which occurs in neonatal hydrocephalus, appears to be located in the venous sinuses.
Value-based neurosurgery: the example of microvascular decompression surgery
Authors: McLaughlin Nancy , Buxey Farzad , Chaw Karen , Martin Neil A.
Published: November 2013

Object

Value of care is emerging as a promising framework to restructure health care, emphasizing the importance of reporting multiple outcomes that encompass the entire care episode instead of isolated outcomes specific to care points during a patient's care. The authors assessed the impact of coordinated implementation of processes across the episode of surgical care on value of neurosurgical care, using microvascular decompression (MVD) as an example.

Methods

This study is a retrospective review of consecutive cases involving patients with either trigeminal neuralgia or hemifacial spasm undergoing first-time MVD. Patients were divided into 2 groups: Group 1 included patients who underwent surgery between February 2008 and November 2009 and Group 2 included those who underwent surgery between January 2011 and October 2012. The authors collected data on outcome measures spanning the entire surgical episode of care according to the Outcome Measures Hierarchy.

Results

Forty-nine patients were included: 20 patients in Group 1 and 29 patients in Group 2. Thirty-one patients underwent MVD for trigeminal neuralgia and 18 for hemifacial spasm. A zero mortality rate and high degree of symptom resolution were achieved in both groups. Group 2 benefited from a reduction in the average total operating room time, a decrease in the mean and median postoperative length of hospital stay, a decrease in the mean length of stay on the floor, and a reduction in the rates of complications and readmissions.

Conclusions

Comprehensive implementation of improvement processes throughout the continuum of care resulted in improved global outcome and greater value of delivered care. Enhanced-recovery perioperative protocols and diagnosis-specific clinical pathways are two avenues built around global care delivery that can help achieve an “optimal episode of surgical care” in every case.
La « haine blanche » et le temps arrêté
Authors: Arènes Jacques
Published: November 2013

En s’appuyant sur des données issues de cures psychanalytiques individuelles, et sur des exemples littéraires, l’auteur analyse le paradoxe d’une haine qui ne serait pas « habitée ». L’article explore ainsi la psychodynamique d’un type de haine, qualifié de « haine blanche », dont l’affect de mépris serait une variété. Ce type particulier de haine fait référence à un « fonctionnement » psychique qui se jouerait du côté de la survie. Il serait le signe d’une faille majeure, psychiquement transmise, de la métabolisation de l’expérience subjective, et du rapport à la temporalité.
Le stigmate et la haine de soi
Authors: Eiguer Alberto
Published: November 2013

Ce travail aborde le problème du stigmate : il évoque de nombreux problèmes liés au social et au psychique. Un stigmate est un défaut mais il devient stigmatisant lorsqu’on développe de la haine à l’encontre de soi, que l’on se déprécie. Pour l’auteur, l’environnement familial joue une fonction non négligeable dans cette évolution. Il étudie différentes dérives et notamment les conséquences du regard d’autrui. Si le groupe social et le groupe familial jouent un rôle dans cette évolution, c’est avec le groupe et en s’étayant sur lui que la situation de la stigmatisation se renversera et que le stigmate pourra devenir une force. Un cas clinique permet d’illustrer les effets de la haine de soi. Les contributions de la philosophie et de la sociologie élargissent ce débat.
Génocide, destruction et reconstruction du lien familial
Authors: Dorey Jean-Louis
Published: November 2013

Dans une famille éclatée ayant été confrontée à une situation de génocide, les effets de la déliaison apparaissent masqués par un ensemble de défenses recouvrant la violence et la haine. Le travail thérapeutique sur le lien familial permet d’actualiser une lente remontée de la « pulsionnalité », de remobiliser des affects gelés et de libérer la dimension de la culpabilité. L’arrivée de la conflictualité et son dépassement amorcent un début de retissage de la déchirure de l’enveloppe généalogique provoquée par la catastrophe.
La haine dans le couple : ni avec toi, ni sans toi
Authors: Perez-Testor Carles , Davins Montse , Aramburu Inés , Aznar-Martínez Berta , Salamero Manel
Published: November 2013

« Ni avec toi, Ni avec toi ni sans toi mes maux n’ont de remède : avec toi parce que tu me tues, sans toi parce que je meurs. » En partant d’une vignette clinique on traite le sentiment de haine dans les relations de couple. La haine n’est pas le contraire de l’amour. L’amour et la haine coexistent dans la plupart des couples. Dans la collusion obsessionnelle, les membres du couple ne tolèrent pas de vivre ensemble mais ils ne peuvent pas être séparés, parce que cette collusion se base sur le contrôle mutuel, la provocation ambivalente et la dépendance inséparable. Dans beaucoup d’autres situations et d’autres types de collusion, les couples peuvent métaboliser la haine et réparer la souffrance causée, mais, pour le clinicien, le fait de détecter si la collusion qui prédomine est de type obsessionnel lui permet de comprendre pourquoi ces couples montrent autant de difficultés à introduire des changements dans leur relation, en perpétuant le fonctionnement destructif et en transmettant transgénérationnellement un type de relation pathologique.
Les relations Chine-Afrique : nouvelles responsabilités et nouveaux défis d'une puissance mondiale en devenir
Authors: Cabestan Jean-Pierre
Published: November 2013

Les relations Chine-Afrique ont connu un développement prodigieux au cours des dix dernières années. Cette expansion a été avant tout favorisée par la mise en place à Pékin d’une nouvelle politique africaine destinée à servir à la fois ses besoins économiques croissants et sa montée en puissance sur la scène mondiale. L’essor des échanges et des projets de coopération qui s’est ensuivi a directement resserré les liens diplomatiques, voire stratégiques, entre Pékin et la plupart des capitales africaines. Pour autant, cette nouvelle relation n’est pas sans apporter son lot d’interrogations et de problèmes, et, pour la seconde puissance mondiale, de nouvelles responsabilités et de nouveaux défis. Ceux-ci sont multiples et touchent autant à la présence économique et humaine croissante de la Chine qu’aux conséquences de cette présence en matière politique, diplomatique et de sécurité. Autant de contraintes qui affectent le poids réel de la Chine en Afrique et sa capacité à en influencer l’avenir.
Study on the Experimental Ratio of New Cement-Based Composite Insulation Board
Authors: Li Xiao Long , Li Guo Zhong
Published: November 2013

In the experiment, polystyrene particles, cement, fly ash, activator and fibers were used as raw material to prepare new cement-based composite insulation board by compression molding. Through the determination of best content of fly ash, the effects of fly ash on strength of composite insulation board were studied. Through the determination of the optimal content of activators, the effects of activators on the mechanical properties of composite insulation board were studied. Through the determination of the optimal dosage of fibers, the effects of fibers on performance of composite insulation board were studied. The morphology in the samples was observed by scanning electron microscopic, and the action mechanism of each component was studied.
Investigation on Dispersive Behavior of TiO2-H2O Nanofluids
Authors: Wang Xian Ju , Li Xin Fang , Li Zhen Zhang , Lin Fang
Published: November 2013

This paper investigated the effects of different pH and dispersant concentration on the dispersion of TiO2 H2O by the measuring zeta potential and absorbency. The results show that the absolute value of zeta potential and the absorbency are higher at pH8-10. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) can significantly increase the absolute value of zeta potential of particle surfaces by electrostatic repulsions, which leads to the enhancement of the stability for TiO2 nanosuspensions. 0.1%(Mass fraction) TiO2 nanosuspensions has the best dispersion at the SDS optimizing concentration 0.045 %. The results also show the zeta potential has good corresponding relation with absorbency, and the higher absolute value of zeta potential and the absorbency are, the better dispersion and stability in system is.
Preparation, Characterization and Properties of Biodegradable GO/PPC Composites
Authors: He Xia , Wu Ling Ling , Wang Jia Jun , Liu Hai Long
Published: November 2013

A novel biodegradable and biocompatible composite of Poly (propylene carbonate) (PPC) and graphenes oxide (GO) was prepared by a solution blending method. The chemical structure, thermal properties and microscopic morphologies of the GO/PPC composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was shown that the GO/PPC composites with 0.75 wt% GO performed a signiﬁcant improvement on mechanical properties and thermal properties, as compared with the neat PPC. This composite could become a promising alternative to non-biodegradable for food packaging materials.
Finite Element Simulation of Molded Pulp Pallet in the Dropping Process
Authors: Guo Xin , Ji Hong Wei , Zheng Hai You
Published: November 2013

Molded pulp pallet is a kind of new green material pallet which has a broad development prospects. In this paper, ABAQUS software was applied to simulate the situation that molded pulp pallet dropped from different heights in different ways. Stress field and displacement field of the pallet are obtained. Cushioning property and deformation of the molded pulp pallet were analyzed. The work of this paper could give a significant guide to design the molded pulp pallet.
Research on Formula of Cyan UV Inkjet Ink
Authors: Wang Hong Yu , Chen Yun Zhi , Zhang Zheng Jian
Published: November 2013

UV spectrophotometer was used to measure UV transmittance spectrum of pigment and photo-initiators to identify the light transmitting window of a pigment and photo-initiatorsabsorption peak , then later the types of photo-initiators was determined . In order to determine the optimal assignment of monomers, dispersing agent, defoaming agent and dispersing resin, the uniform design method was supplied to achieve the smallest particle diameter within the range of D95. After the excellent configuration of based ink, the orthogonal design methodwas used to determine the proportion of based ink, photo-initiators, film-forming resin, additives by regarding viscosity, surface tension, curing speed, and color fastness as indicators.
Corrugated Board UV Flute-Shaped Structure Size Optimization Design Based on the Finite Element
Authors: Yuan Wei , Sun Jin Xin , Zhang Gai Mei , Liao Da Zhi , Wang Ya Jun
Published: November 2013

UV-shaped corrugated cardboard Fusion V-shaped and U-shaped structure the advantages made, to make up for the lack of V-type and two U-shaped corrugated cardboard, the higher the compressive strength, good elasticity, is widely used UV type corrugated manufacturing corrugated board. But no strict standards for UV-shaped concrete structure of corrugated board size parameter corresponding corrugating roll no uniform size of the corrugated shape, in order to achieve the best elasticity and compressive strength. First, by mathematical methods, the corrugated structure is analyzed, and analysis to facilitate research, to select the 1/4 cycle corrugated. Create multiple vertical auxiliary line level is divided into 10 equal parts, to identify key points in shape between the V-shaped and U-shaped curve, connecting into multiple segments curve. Studied the actual thickness of the corrugated board of 3.8mm, a smaller thickness and therefore a straight line can be connected to each group of the resultant key points simplify the corrugated curve, model 1/4 of a cycle of UV-shaped corrugated first determined, using the symmetry of the model to establish a cycle, 300mm side length of the square created by one cycle of replication, about 38 of the corrugated board corrugated cycle. Use of finite element analysis in ANSYS corrugated structure, including a gradual transition to a simplified model of the 11 U-shaped flute-shaped corrugated cardboard from the V-shaped set of material properties, loads are cloth pressure, research corrugated cardboard stress and strain, i.e., the smaller the radius of curvature of the curve can be obtained along corrugated, the closer the U-shaped, corrugated board having a larger strain, i.e. has good flexibility, consistent with the empirical data to prove the feasibility of this analysis method.
Milk Transportation Packaging Optimization Based on Cape Pack
Authors: Lin Jing , Zhi Hui , Sun Zhi Hui
Published: November 2013

This paper introduced each function module and the main function of Cape Pack software.Optimization methods of milk transportation packaging based on Cape Pack were proposed.The process of optimum design was demonstrated through an example.Two loading plans were compared.The utilization of trays floorage and the utilization of the space are the same,but one plans loading quantity and the utilization of the trucks floorage and space of the tray are higher than another.This paper put forward a new idea for practical application of milk transportation packaging optimization.
Research on Color Matching and Reproduction on Aluminum Foil Packaging Materials
Authors: Liu Jiang Hao , Mao Tian Tian , Liu Qiao Liang , Gao Shao Hong
Published: November 2013

The effects of aluminum foil packaging materials on color reproduction were mainly studied from the following two aspects in this topic: (1) through the study of CIEl976 chroma space, color difference evaluations of 7 kinds of colors for aluminum foil were compared with that of coated paper, based on the established color libraries of coated paper. (2) Four different spectrophotometers of X-Rite were used to measure L*、 a*、 b* of different colors, analyzing the effects of different spectrophotometer on color reproduction. Research has proved that: (1) the method which color was transferred to the aluminum foil, according to the established color libraries of coated paper, is feasible, and there was no difference between two colors on aluminum foils by visual inspection, the chromatic aberration was less than 1. (2) From the measurements, aspheric photometers like X-Rite939, Spectroeye, X-Rite500 cannot be used for color measurement on aluminum foil, the error is bigger than SP64, and accuracy is lower. (3) Through the total color difference analysis of four instruments on magenta, the ball SP64 portable spectrophotometer is the most suitable equipment for color reproduction on aluminum foil packaging materials.
Research of Picture Adaptive Processing for Packaging Printing Online Detection
Authors: Tang Wan You , Wang Zhen Rong , Jiang Rui Xue
Published: November 2013

In the process of printing machines increasing and reduction of speed, the image collected from online detection system for different speed of printing needs picture adaptive processing. In this paper, there are two methods put forward to realize above goal. One method is sequential similarity detection algorithms and the other is ratio value. Apply with VC++ programming to realize image matching on the premise of the unique CCD detection equipment. The experiment results show that: sequential similarity algorithm on the premise of printing machine running in low speed, by comparing with threshold to realize variable-speed imaging. The ratio value method can be used for a variety of printing speed and it has high speed, high detection efficiency and wide range of application.
Syntheses and Spectral Properties of Tetra-(4,4-Dimethyl-Phenyl) Dithiolene Nickel Complex
Authors: Cheng Xue Hua , Xin Xiu Lan , Yin Li Hua , Yu Yang
Published: November 2013

Tetra-(4,4-dimethyl-phenyl) dithiolene nickel complex was synthesized by sulfuration with P2S5 and nickel complexs using bis-(4,4-dimethyl-phenyl) ethanedione as raw material. The structure of dithiolene nickel complexes was characterized by melting point, IR and 1HNMR. The maximum absorption spectra of this dithiolene nickel complexes in different solvent was measured by Ultraviolet-Visible-near Infrared Spectrum, and the photo stability and thermal stability were discussed. The results showed that this new method was used to synthesis bis-(4,4-dimethyl-phenyl) ethanedione, which greatly reduces the synthesis time compared to previous methods.
Optimization of HTPB-Bonding System Used for High-Solid-Containing PBX Based on Properties of Materials
Authors: Wei Yong Jiang , Xu Geng Guang , Huang Qiu An , Liu Xue Mei
Published: November 2013

The HTPB-bonding system used for high-solid-containing PBX was optimizied by orthogonal experiment,and three major factors that were viscosity,hardness and curing time were confirmed as mian indexes for measuring properties of bonding system.The optimal variation range for viscosity,hardness and curing time was respectively 100~125 s,20~28 HC and 4~6 days.Through fitting experimental data,the equations of these three indexes were obtained and then changing laws of that were also studied.By sovling these equations,the best values of constitutions were obtained and formulations for bonding system with different plasticizers were optimized.