bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estado de conservación de las especies forestales amenazadas, abarco, jigua negro, guayaquil, guayacán amarillo y pino amarillo en los municipios chocoanos de Riosucio, Carmen del Darién, Istmina, Río Quito y Juradó
Authors: Klinger-Brahan William
Published: December 2021

Con el propósito de levantar información que diera cuenta del estado de conservación de las especies forestales amenazadas, abarco (Cariniana pyriformis), jigua negro (Ocotea cernua), guayaquil (Centrolobium paraense), guayacán amarillo (Tabebuia crysantha) y pino amarillo (Podocarpus sp.) en cinco municipios del departamento del Chocó, Riosucio, Carmen del Darién, Istmina, Río Quito y Juradó, el Instituto de Investigaciones Ambientales del Pacífico y la Corporación Autónoma para el Desarrollo Sostenible del Chocó, constituyeron una alianza de cooperación horizontal que posibilitó la ejecución del proyecto; se buscaba tener bases sólidas para la toma de decisiones relacionadas con el uso y manejo de estas especies. El proyecto recibió apoyo financiero del Fondo de Compensación Ambiental de Colombia. Durante la fase de campo se utilizó un muestreo diagnóstico, se establecieron 1349 parcelas de 10m x 10m equivalentes a 13,49 has, distribuidas por zona de la siguiente manera; 205 en Istmina, 660 en Juradó, 226 en Riosucio, 62 en Carmen del Darién y 196 en Río Quito. De conformidad con los resultados obtenidos en la superficie muestreada las especies jigua negro y abarco mostraron mayor representatividad, el guayacán amarillo tuvo un representatividad media, y al contrario de estas las especies, el guayaquil y el pino amarillo registraron una significativa menor presencia, denotando así su condición de especies realmente amenazadas. Con fundamento en los resultados se proponen tres categorías de manejo para las especies forestales amenazadas, recuperación con veda de largo plazo, preservación con veda de mediano plazo y conservación en el corto plazo; estas orientaciones de manejo se deben aplicar conforme a las condiciones de cada especie en cada sitio. Se recomienda avanzar de manera inmediata en el establecimiento de las vedas, al tiempo que se incorporan otros municipios del departamento a estudios de esta naturaleza.
Áreas protegidas ordenamiento de acciones para el manejo de la diversidad biológica
Authors: Lopéz Pierdahita Tatiana
Published: December 2021

La conservación y sus mecanismos han generado discusiones a nivel institucional y social por cuanto su aplicación es compleja y debe responder a un proceso vinculado a la planificación orgánica del territorio. El tema está sujeto a retos que van desde la planeación hasta la percepción ambiental que los actores territoriales tienen de la diversidad biológica, de las dinámicas de transformación y de la conservación. Las particularidades étnicas y riqueza natural del Chocó biogeográfico hacen necesario revisar las formas de intervenir el territorio y en consecuencia, el objetivo de este artículo es reflexionar respecto a la inclusión de otras lógicas de ordenamiento territorial para contribuir al desarrollo y la conservación, acciones que están determi- nadas por el interés social y la necesidad de responder a situaciones de riesgo ambiental. Es determinante para la conservación articular percepciones de actores territoriales para dar legitimidad social a gestión en conservación, mediante acuerdos sociales con arreglo a normas relacionadas con el tema.
Las gramíneas endémicas de Colombia
Authors: Giraldo-Cañas Diego
Published: December 2021

Se presenta el inventario de las gramíneas endémicas de Colombia, con el objetivo de contribuir al conocimiento de la flora colombiana. Se realizaron numerosas expediciones de campo a diez de las once grandes regiones naturales de Colombia (Amazonia, Andes, Caribe, Chocó Biogeográfico, Guayana, islas caribeñas, isla de Malpelo, Orinoquia, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, valle del río Cauca y valle del río Magdalena). Además, se consultaron colecciones de los herbarios CAUP, COAH, COL, CUVC, CHOCO, HFAB, HUA, HUQ, INPA, JAUM, MEDEL, MEXU, MO, NY, PSO, RSA, SI, UDBC, UIS, US, VALLE y VEN, así como una revisión exhaustiva de literatura. Son endémicos de Colombia un género (Agrostopoa, Pooideae) y 77 especies. Así, el endemismo constituye 8,7% de la flora agrostológica colombiana. Los géneros más ricos en especies endémicas son Festuca (17 especies), Chusquea (11), Andropogon (4), Arthrostylidium (4), Aulonenia (4) y Calamagrostis (4). La región andina es la más rica en especies endémicas (59 especies). Los gradientes altitudinales más ricos en especies endémicas son los de tierras altas (3000-5000 m), con cerca del 50% de endemismo.
Orientaciones para el manejo de la especie forestal Jigua Negro (Ocotea cernua) a partir de resultados de investigación sobre su estructura poblacional y estado de desarrollo en el departamento del Chocó
Authors: Klinger Brahan William
Published: December 2021

El presente artículo surge del resultado de una investigación realizada por el Instituto de Investigaciones Ambientales del Pacífico (IIAP) con el auspicio de la Corporación Autónoma para el Desarrollo Sostenible del Chocó (CODECHOCO), dirigida a conocer el estado de conservación de varias especies forestales reportadas en condición de amenaza por la presión antrópica ejercida sobre ellas. En el estudio se investigó la estructura poblacional y el estado de desarrollo de la especie forestal Jigua Negro (Ocotea cernua), encontrando que en relación con las otras especies estudiadas, su frecuencia, abundancia e importancia en las áreas muestreadas es muy alta, lo cual seguramente se debe a la baja cultura de uso local que tiene su madera en el departamento del Chocó. A pesar de lo anterior, al analizar el estado de desarrollo de las poblaciones encontradas, sus individuos muestran casi un confinamiento o restricción a las clases diamétricas inferiores, lo que sin duda impide que su gran abundancia se traduzca en verdaderas opciones de aprovechamiento sostenido en el tiempo, razón por la cual se proponen estrategias de manejo orientadas a su conservación, lo cual supone su uso sostenible.
Intervención antrópica y su impacto sobre la estructura y composición de la vegetación en la cuenca El Caraño de Quibdó, Chocó, Colombia
Authors: Mosquera Mataran Luis A. , Valois-Cuesta Hamleth , Quinto-Mosquera Harley
Published: December 2021

El Chocó es una región reconocida por sus altos índices de biodiversidad y variedad de ecosistemas. Lamentablemente, los ecosistemas estratégicos, como las microcuencas urbanas que atraviesan los centros poblados, las cuales experimentan perturbaciones antrópicas que las llevan a un estado de deterioro y las limita en sus posibilidades de ofrecer bienes y servicios ambientales. El presente trabajo caracterizó la flora asociada con la microcuenca El Caraño de la ciudad de Quibdó, Chocó, con la finalidad de generar información que permita apoyar acciones que lleven a valorar , conservar y usar sosteniblemente este ecosistema. Se realizaron muestreos de vegetación en la zona alta, media y baja, se establecieron seis parcelas de 20 × 4 m (160 m2 por zona), registrando todas las plantas espermatofitas con diámetro a la altura del pecho (DAP) superior a 1 cm. Se registraron 69 especies, distribuidas en 45 géneros y 30 familias. Las familias más representativas fueron Melastomataceae (11), Arecaceae (9), Rubiaceae (8), Araceae (5), Fabaceae (3) y Piperaceae (3). Los valores de diversidad fueron altos (>3) en las tres zonas, determinados por comunidades vegetales con especies raras y poco abundantes, especialmente en la zona media y baja donde el deterioro ambiental es más evidente. Estos resultados muestran que desde el punto de vista de la composición y estructura de la vegetación la zona alta ha sufrido menos impactos y transformaciones que la flora de las zonas media y baja, por lo que, debería ser usada como modelo para la restauración ecológica de la microcuenca en su conjunto.
Formas de preparación, modos de empleo y contraindicaciones de algunas plantas medicinales usadas por comunidades negras e indígenas del Chocó Biogeográfico para tratar mordedura de serpientes
Authors: Rentería Carlos Ariel
Published: December 2021

Los casos de envenenamiento por mordedura de serpientes en zonas rurales del Chocó Biogeográfico, son más de 400 por año, con incidencias que varían entre 6,4% y 31,2% de casos anuales por cada cien mil habitantes, 90% de los cuales son provocados principalmente por especies de los géneros Bothrops. Los grupos étnicos asentados en este territorio, ante las enormes dificultades geográficas, cantidades insuficientes de sueros antiofídicos y carencia en la prestación de servicios de salud, han utilizado desde tiempos ancestrales diferentes especies vegetales para el tratamiento de la mordedura de serpientes. Con base en lo anterior y a través de entrevistas con «curanderos de serpientes», se identificaron 73 etno-especies de plantas medicinales, se describieron sus usos, formas de aplicación y contraindicaciones; esta información se obtuvo a través de entrevistas a 23 curanderos en ocho comunidades del Chocó Biogeográfico. Los tratamientos con plantas se preparan de diversas formas: balsámicas, cataplasmas o emplastos, baños, vahos (sahumerios), pringues y tomas o bebedizos.
International Plasma Collection Practices: Project Report
Authors: Pant Sirjana , Bagha Rupinder , McGill Sarah
Published: December 2021

Plasma is used by pharmaceutical companies to make plasma-derived medicinal products (PDMPs). PDMPs are used to treat conditions such as immune deficiencies and bleeding disorders. Several PDMPS are included in the WHO Model Lists of Essential Medicines. According to the WHO, self-sufficiency driven by voluntary (non-remunerated) plasma donations is an important national goal to ensure an adequate supply is secured to meet the needs of the population.
Australia, New Zealand, the UK, the Netherlands, and France only allow public or not-for-profit sectors to collect plasma for fractionation. Each of the 5 countries have toll or contract agreements with 1 private commercial plasma fractionator to manufacture PDMPs from the plasma collected within their respective countries. None of these countries pay plasma donors. Donors are only permitted to donate every 2 weeks (24 to 26 times per year) in these 5 countries.
Austria, the Czech Republic, Germany, and the US allow both public and non-for-profit sectors, as well as commercial private plasma collection centres, to operate in the country. Private, not-for-profit, or public plasma collection centres in these 4 countries offer monetary compensation and other in-kind incentives to plasma donors. While the Czech Republic limits plasma donation to every 2 weeks, a much higher frequency of donation is allowed in other countries; up to 50 times per year in Austria, 60 times per year in Germany, and more than 100 times per year in the US.
Austria, the Czech Republic, Germany, and the US (which allow commercial private plasma collectors to operate and pay donors) are 100% self-sufficient in immunoglobulins. These 4 countries collect the most plasma, which is from paid donors. In 2017, Austria, the Czech Republic, Germany, and the US collected 75 litres per 1,000 people, 45 litres per 1,000 people, 36 litres per 1,000 people, and 113 litres per 1,000 people of plasma for fractionation, respectively. Countries that do not pay donors including Australia, New Zealand, the UK, the Netherlands, and France are dependent to some extent on US and European Union donors who are paid for the supply of plasma or imported PDMPs.
The limited literature search conducted for the Environmental Scan did not identify publications on events of disease transmission through PDMPs manufactured from either paid or non-renumerated donors’ plasma, the impact of plasma collection centres (including those that do or do not pay donors) on the collection of whole blood or other blood components, or the long-term costs associated with plasma self-sufficiency on the health care system.
Sepia 200cH at 1:1000 dilution ameliorates salt stress in cowpea seedlings but its medium 90% ethanol proves ineffective at the same dilution
Authors: Sukul (nee Chunari) Soma , Mondal Sandhimita , Sukul Nirmal C
Published: December 2021

Soil salinity severely affects crop yield all over the world. In a recent study we observed that Natrum mur 200cH, a homeopathic remedy, improved growth in germinating cowpea seeds. In the present study we have tested another remedy Sepia, which is complementary to Natrum mur, on cowpea seedlings under salt stress. Cowpea seedlings grown over moist filter paper in petridishes were divided into 4 groups: (1) control in sterile water, (2) in 50mM NaCl solution, (3) seeds pretreated with 90% ethanol diluted with water 1:100 and then transferred to 50mM NaCl solution, (4) seeds pretreated with Sepia 200cH diluted with water 1:100 and transferred to 50mM NaCl solution. In another experiment the groups were same, but the dilution of 90% ethanol and Sepia 200cH was 1:1000 instead of 1:100. The purpose was to further reduce the ethanol content in both the drug and its vehicle 90% ethanol, so that the alcohol effect is minimized or abolished. The data were analysed by ANOVA followed by t-test. Sepia 200cH at both 1:100 and 1:1000 dilutions significantly increased growth, sugar, chlorophyll, protein and water content in seedlings as compared to the untreated salt-stressed group. The effect with the1000th dilution of Sepia 200cH was more pronounced than with its 100th dilution. The vehicle 90% ethanol at 1:100 dilution produced some positive effect on the seedlings, but the 1000th dilution of the vehicle produced no such effect. It is, therefore, concluded that Sepia 200cH could ameliorate salt stress in cowpea seedlings and that the 1000th dilution is more effective than its 100th dilution. The alcohol effect is totally eliminated with the 1000th dilution of 90% ethanol. Thus the 1000th dilution could retain the drug effect and eliminate the vehicle effect.
Prestimulation of wheat seedlings with gibberellic acid followed by application of an agitated high dilution of the same hormone
Authors: Hribar-Marko Sonja , Graunke Helmut , Scherer-Pongratz Waltraud , Lothaller Harald , Endler Peter Christian
Published: December 2021

Background

In previous multicentre studies, the influence of a homeopathic ultra-high dilution of gibberellic acid on wheat growth was scrutinized. Data showed that this test dilution slowed down stalk growth when experiments were performed in the autumn season.

Aim

To test the hypothesis that pretreatment of grains with high concentrations of gibberellic acid would enhance the growth-inhibiting effect of the ultra-high dilution of the plant hormone

Methods

Grains of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum, 500 or 1000 per group) were pretreated with (non-agitated) gibberellic acid 10-5, 10-4 and 10-3 or with water (Ã¢â‚¬Å“WÃ¢â‚¬Â) for control prior to treatment with G30x or W30x. Grains were observed under the influence of extremely diluted gibberellic acid (10-30) prepared by stepwise dilution and agitation according to a protocol derived from homeopathy (Ã¢â‚¬Å“G30xÃ¢â‚¬Â). Analogously prepared water was used for control (Ã¢â‚¬Å“W30xÃ¢â‚¬Â). Seedlings were allowed to develop under standardized conditions for 7 days; plants were harvested and stalk lengths were measured.

Results

Of the four pretreatment variants under study, Ge-3 yielded most growth, followed by Ge-4 , Ge-5 and finally W. This outcome was modulated by the application of G30x and W30x in that the inhibition obtained with G30x as compared to W30x was the greater the lower the pretreatment concentration of G had been.

The hypothesis that pretreatment of grains with high concentrations of gibberellic acid would enhance the growth inhibiting effect of G30x had to be rejected. Rather, G30x slowed down stalk growth most in the W group with p < 0.001, only moderately in the Ge-5 and Ge-4 group and not at all in the Ge-3 group.
High dilutions of homeopathic remedies induce relaxation of rat aorta precontracted with Noradrenalin
Authors: Chakraborty Indrani , Sukul Nirmal Chandra , Mesripong Rungrapa , Chaothanaphat Nattaya , Dhummaupakorn Prasan , Sukul Anirban
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

Homeopathic potencies have been reported to produce alteration of contraction in isolated rat ileum in an organ bath. Potentized homeopathic drugs like Lycopus V and Aurum met are used for the treatment of hypertension.

AIM

The purpose of this study is to see whether Lycopus V 30 CH and Aurum met 30 CH could produce relaxation of isolated rat aorta in the organ bath.

METHODS

The aorta of rats were dissected out, placed in Krebs-Henseleit solution, cleared of connective tissue and endothelium and cut into 2-2.5 mm long rings. The rings were fixed in organ baths with the upper end connected by a string to an isometric transducer which was finally attached through a data acquisitation equipment to a computer. Aurum met 30 CH Lycopus V 30 CH, and their medium 90% ethanol were added separately to the bathing fluid containing the aorta rings which were precontracted with noradrenalin (NA).

RESULTS

Both the drugs produced significant relaxation of the aorta (p
Globalized research
Authors: Zacharias Carlos Renato
Published: December 2021

The current issue of IJHDR begins by a now classical dilemma relative to the high dilutions: if they lack biological effects, how might they cause adverse effects? The plausibility of the implausible is once again the subject of a letter addressed to this Editor.

The present issue further features three articles from Indian authors, which somehow makes the occasion special, and worthy of reflection: what is going on in Indian homeopathy? As it is known, India has always played a significant role in the homeopathic stage by contributing with original clinical protocols and approaches. More recently, India has shown the world unexpected scientific features of the high dilutions. The natural and cultural diversity of India seems to influence the research it conducts, which ranges from physicochemical and biological studies performed in research centers and universities to clinical trials conducted in hospitals, in addition to a major concern with education. India has thus become one of the main centers concerned with the scientific side of homeopathy, which is further attested by the organization of, and participation in major scientific meetings like the LMHI congress of 2011, GIRI meetings, and the latest HRI conference, and publication in IJHDR and other scientific journals. As an example of the multiple interests of homeopathic research in India, one article in this issue of IJHDR addresses a fundamental research problem, another the patientsâ€™ satisfaction, and the third the perspective of undergraduates on the teaching of homeopathy.

This same movement observed in India has been observed in other countries like Brazil and Russia among others, following many European countries, making possible and feasible the existence of an international scientific network connecting the various groups devoted to HD research across the world.

IJHDR is proud to participate on this endeavor!
Intercomparison of middle atmospheric meteorological analyses for the Northern Hemisphere winter 2009–2010
Authors: McCormack John P. , Harvey V. Lynn , Randall Cora E. , Pedatella Nicholas , Koshin Dai , Sato Kaoru , Coy Lawrence , Watanabe Shingo , Sassi Fabrizio , Holt Laura A.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Detailed meteorological analyses based on observations extending through the middle atmosphere (∼ 15 to 100 km altitude) can provide
key information to whole atmosphere modeling systems regarding the physical mechanisms linking day-to-day changes in ionospheric electron density
to meteorological variability near the Earth's surface. However, the extent to which independent middle atmosphere analyses differ in their
representation of wave-induced coupling to the ionosphere is unclear. To begin to address this issue, we present the first intercomparison among
four such analyses, JAGUAR-DAS, MERRA-2, NAVGEM-HA, and WACCMX+DART, focusing on the Northern Hemisphere (NH) 2009–2010 winter, which includes a
major sudden stratospheric warming (SSW). This intercomparison examines the altitude, latitude, and time dependences of zonal mean zonal winds and
temperatures among these four analyses over the 1 December 2009 to 31 March 2010 period, as well as latitude and altitude dependences of monthly mean
amplitudes of the diurnal and semidiurnal migrating solar tides, the eastward-propagating diurnal zonal wave number 3 nonmigrating tide, and
traveling planetary waves associated with the quasi-5 d and quasi-2 d Rossby modes. Our results show generally good agreement among the four
analyses up to the stratopause (∼ 50 km altitude). Large discrepancies begin to emerge in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere owing
to (1) differences in the types of satellite data assimilated by each system and (2) differences in the details of the global atmospheric models
used by each analysis system. The results of this intercomparison provide initial estimates of uncertainty in analyses commonly used to constrain
middle atmospheric meteorological variability in whole atmosphere model simulations.
The Project to Complete the Regional Topographic Geodatabase in Lombardy, Italy
Authors: Belotti Piera , Conzi Fabio , Dell’Orto Chiara , Federici Maurizio , Fregonese Luigi , Garnero Gabriele , Guastamacchia Emilio , Guzzetti Franco , Pinto Livio , Scaioni Marco
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The Regional Topographic Geodatabase (DBTR) was officially defined in 2005 as the multi-scale (1:1,000 – 1:2,000 – 1:5,000 – 1:10,000) cartographic reference for urban and regional planning in Lombardy Region. The DBTR had been previously introduced at national level to take over traditional numerical topographic maps adopted for urban planning, with the aim to provide a base map to be implemented either at regional level (Regional Geoportal) and by local administrations. The DBTR is structured by following some national guidelines that define either the content and the topological structure, that makes simple its implementation in GIS environment. The construction of the entire DBTR has historically gone through different phases, with the consistent support of the regional subsidiary policy. But when the effects of the world economic crisis in 2008 became tangible in the budget of public administrations, the growth of the project faced an important break. In 2017 the administration of Lombardy Region has promoted and financed a new project finalized to the completion of the DBTR. A temporary association of mapping companies won the tender and completed the project by summer 2020, despite of the difficulties related to the COVID-19 pandemic. A team led by Politecnico di Milano was appointed for the quality assessment. The proposed paper would like to present this project and the operational solutions applied for the production of the new subsections of the DBTR, as well as its quality assessment/validation.
Tectonics of cartography
Authors: Desclaux-Salachas Jasmine , Bataille Lucile
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Probably by dint of seductive appearances and overflowing passion for cartography, by dint of instant accessibility to all kind of maps and any graphic representations commonly called ‘maps’ and finally by dint of confusions between what is an IMAGE and what is a DATA, everyone forgets that, at the dawn of a cartographic project, ‘THE MAP STILL DOESN’T EXIST’. For it to exist, a scope of collective work and essential skills are necessary. First of all, the aim of a mapping project must be identified. Its specifications, statement of requirements, its schedule of conditions must be sealed by a contract between an orderer and a cartographer.The objective of this presentation is to recall how a keyboard is neither a magic thought nor a magic wand. Clicking on it will never finalize our work without us, cartographers, but engages us to follow series of timeless execution process over the entire duration of the cartographic production, in anticipating each action.Our work consists in making every effort, by all the necessary technical and human means, to gather the knowledge of a subject (or several) to ‘Map-draw’ with the ultimate goal of returning this acquired knowledge to the readers. Their eye has to find at first glance the information sought. Indeed, the more beautiful and easier to grasp the map is, the more it will be consulted with pleasure.Through a range of cartographic memories, the following characteristic examples of out-of-standard cartographic productions will detail the pertinence of this meticulous cartographical articulation.
Automatic mapping of traffic signs
Authors: Dusek Bence , Gede Mátyás
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Nowadays, people easily can get into their cars and drive hundreds of kilometers in a few hours, but for that to work efficiently a system of rules must be applied and those rules have to be communicated transparently. This is why traffic signs are an influential part of our lives and every kind of information about each is helping the government, the community, and the drivers. This paper presents a novel and cost-efficient method for acquiring information on traffic signs, such like the category and the 3D position. The former can be gained using camera images and a Convolutional Neural Network model. The latter can be obtained using positioning devices.With the help of a GNSS device the absolute position of the vehicle can be learned and based on that a local coordinate system can be established. From the vehicle’s point of view the coordinates and the orientation of the traffic sign can be acquired by applying a stereo camera and an IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) sensor. Then, with the help of these attributes a large database can be built, maintained, and updated. This project displays that adequately precise data can easily be accessible using a few cheap devices and sensors.
Bridging research and dissemination in the CoViD-19 era: a WebGIS dashboard for the Autonomous Province of Trento (Italy)
Authors: Gabellieri Nicola , Geri Francesco , Pranzo Andrea Marco Raffaele , Zatelli Paolo
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The paper presents an ongoing project devoted to the study, the analysis and the representation of epidemiological data related to CoViD-19 spread in the territory of the Province of Trento (Italy), both for scientific and communication purposes. In this broader context, the construction of a digital cartography tool as a WebGIS to allow local communities understanding of epidemiological spread is presented. Data have been supplied by the local Provincial Health Authority; statistic have been processed in order to develop municipality scale vector polygonal coropleth and point maps in order to show affected, health and death rate distribution. A timeline allows the representation of changes and dynamics from Spring 2020 to the current date. The database provides “on-the-fly” data to the production scripts of maps and time charts. These scripts querying the database produce a geographic file in the geojson standard interchange format. This file is read by the javascript scripts based on the leaflet libraries for the production of the final maps. In a similar process, scripts based on the chart.js library produce the graph of the data temporal variation, automatically reading dates and interval time of analysis. A custom procedure was developed to allow the periodic update of the dataset. New information is added to the database by uploading an external spreadsheet. The study presents the methodology to develop and assess the WebGIS for managing, visualize and analyse Coronavirus diffusion. Future implementation of the WebGIS will expand the used data and allow the comparison with social and environmental factors.
Data heterogeneity and oldness, two difficulties to overcome for the world seabed sediment mapping
Authors: Garlan Thierry , Gabelotaud Isabelle , Marchès Elodie , Le Borgne Edith , Lucas Sylvain
Published: December 2021

Abstract. A global seabed sediment map has been developed since 1995 to provide a necessary tool for different needs. This project is not completely original since it had already been done in 1912 when the French hydrographic Office and the University of Nancy produced sedimentary maps of the European and North American coasts. Seabed sediments is one of the last geographical domains which can’t benefit of satellite data. Without this contribution, sediment maps need to use very old data mixed with the new ones to be able to reach the goal of a global map. In general, sediment maps are made with the latest available techniques and are replaced after a few decades, thus generating new cartographic works as if all the previous efforts had become useless. Such approach underestimates the quality of past works and prevents to have maps covering large areas. The present work suggests to standardize all kind of sedimentary data from different periods and from very different acquisition systems and integrate them into a single product. This process has already been done for bathymetric data of marine charts, we discuss in this article of the application of this method at a global scale for sediment data.
Analysis of urban elements orientations to characterize the spatial extension of the foundation of the Roman city of Amida
Authors: Girres Jean-François , Assenat Martine , Malıt Veysel
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The structure of the historical center of the city of Diyarbakır is largely inherited from the Roman city of Amida, through numerous testimonies still present in certain urban elements, such as buildings or cadastral parcels. The detailed analysis of the orientation of these urban elements in the current urban plan of Diyarbakır can contribute in particular to a better understanding of the different eras of foundation of the city of Amida and their spatial extensions. This research proposes to compare two methods of extraction of orientations from urban elements of the city of Diyarbakır. First, historians carried out a manual survey of the orientations from an aerial photograph, which made it possible to bring out two frames corresponding to two eras of the founding of the Roman city of Amida. These orientations were then compared with those extracted automatically from the geographic databases of cadastral parcels and built-up urban elements captured at a large scale. If the results obtained with the two methods converge, they also show differences, both on the orientation values and on the spatial extension of the two frames observed. These differences may contradict the initial observations, but are also sources of new perspectives of research on the spatial extension of the different periods of foundation of the Roman city of Amida. Finally, the results of this research tend to show that the two approaches prove to be complementary in detecting ancient urban structures in a contemporary city plan.
Maps hiding in plain sight
Authors: Jones Bruce , Cavell Anthony , Clarke Michael , Pratt Robert
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Early Chinese elites were defined by their aristocratic control of land. That control came directly from the emperor and was documented on bronze ritual vessels, which were handed down from generation to generation. The land grant boundaries were defined using decorative symbols inscribed on bronze, and Western Zhou vessels containing these symbols were used to resolve land disputes. Methodical analysis comparing the inscriptions and symbols, combined with an understanding of early Chinese cartography and etymology, allows the bronze vessel land grants to be decoded.
Movement Patterns of Electric Cargo Bike Commuters – First Insights from Field Experiments and Trajectory Analyses
Authors: Keler Andreas , Kessler Lisa , Fehn Fabian , Bogenberger Klaus
Published: December 2021

Abstract. In addition to and parallel to the SERVUS project, the requirements for a new, agile, urban cargo bicycle with electric drive are identified through a targeted, scientific application potential analysis in the project "E-Cargo Bike - Accompanying Research" described here. These findings are then implemented in the SERVUS project in an agile development and production process. Several prototypes are built in the process. The new e-cargo bicycles should be able to be used both privately and commercially. They will be presented to users for the first time at events (IAA 2021) and rated by them. In addition, the longer-term allocation of the bikes to selected users enables a cross-comparison with existing e-cargo bicycle models. Finally, the substitution potential of journeys in motorized individual transport is estimated and projected using the example of Munich. A key for gathering further information on the abilities of specific electric cargo bike types is tracking experiments with various sensor setups of which the first attempts are presented in this research. Additionally, and by enabling a certain spatial accuracy of gathered GNSS data, we are able to match selected maneuvers of these vehicle types to selected types of the Munich transportation infrastructure. Besides trajectory shapes of maneuvers, we are able to incorporate travel time and delay variations depending on investigation areas and times of the day at selected urban locations for every inspected maneuver (at for examples differing intersection geometries with and without traffic light signals). Another aspect is the presence of bicycle infrastructure and its relation to the option of using mixed traffic modes.
Effect of Geospatial Uncertainty Borderization on Users’ Heuristic Reasoning
Authors: Libertini Lorenzo , Chuprikova Ekaterina , Meng Liqiu
Published: December 2021

Abstract. A set of mental strategies called "heuristics" – logical shortcuts that we use to make decisions under uncertainty – has become the subject of a growing number of studies. However, the process of heuristic reasoning about uncertain geospatial data remains relatively under-researched. With this study, we explored the relation between heuristics-driven decision-making and the visualization of geospatial data in states of uncertainty, with a specific focus on the visualization of borders, here termed "borderization". Therefore, we tested a set of cartographic techniques to visualize the boundaries of two types of natural hazards across a series of maps through a user survey. Respondents were asked to assess the safety and desirability of several housing locations potentially affected by air pollution or avalanches. Maps in the survey varied by "borderization" method, background color and type of information about uncertain data (e.g., extrinsic vs. intrinsic). Survey results, analyzed using a mixed quantitative-qualitative approach, confirmed previous suggestions that heuristics play a significant role in affecting users' map experience, and subsequent decision-making.
Content-based Image Retrieval for Map Georeferencing
Authors: Luft Jonas , Schiewe Jochen
Published: December 2021

Abstract. In recent years, libraries have made great progress in digitising troves of historical maps with high-resolution scanners. Providing user-friendly information access for cultural heritage through spatial search and webGIS requires georeferencing of the hundreds of thousands of digitised maps.Georeferencing is usually done manually by finding “ground control points”, locations in the digital map image, whose identity is unambiguous and can easily be found in modern-day reference geodata/mapping data. To decide whether two symbols from different maps describe the same object, their semantic and spatial relations need to be matched. Automating this process is the only feasible way to georeference the immense quantities of maps in conceivable time. However, automated solutions for spatial matching quickly fail when faced with incomplete data – which is the greatest challenge when comparing maps of different ages or scales.These problems can be overcome by computing map similarity in the image domain. Treating maps as a special case of image processing allows efficient and robust matching and thus identification of geographical regions without the need to explicitly model semantics. We propose a method to encode worldwide reference VGI mapping data as image features, allowing the construction of an efficient lookup index. With this index, content-based image retrieval can be used for both geolocating a given map for georeferencing with high accuracy. We demonstrate our approach on hundreds of map sheets of different historical topographical survey map series, successfully georeferencing most of them within mere seconds.
Interactive Web Maps: Usability Heuristics Proposal
Authors: Marquez Juliana Orro , Meirelles Paulo , da Silva Tiago Silva
Published: December 2021

Abstract. With the evolution of technology, maps have changed how they are produced and consumed. In the 1990s, along with the internet uprise, printed and digital maps began to be shared and viewed on the web, which provided more significant user interaction with the map and geographic data. However, the ease of creating interactive maps using computational resources sometimes neglects cartographic concepts, impairing the interpretation of geographic data and the quality of the interaction between user and system. This work presents ten specific Usability Heuristics for Interactive Web Maps to identify and elaborate a set of criteria that help create and evaluate the quality of interactive web maps. For this, we used a methodology to develop domain-specific Usability Heuristics, composed of eight steps. This paper presents the ten heuristics elaborated along with the attributes of the name, ID, category and definition, and an additional checklist. This new set encompasses both the concepts of cartography and usability, contributing to better user interaction with the system and geographic data.
An Advanced Dynamic Visualization Method of Global Ocean Tide with Multi-core Processor Based on OpenGL
Authors: Meng Hao , Xu Wei-Ming , Liu Tian-Yang , Shi Zhi-Yuan , Dong Zhou-Yang
Published: December 2021

Abstract. In terms of ocean tide visualization, to meet the requirement of both display range and operational efficiency, an advanced method is proposed, in which the tide height is rapidly computed with global tide model EOT10a, and dynamically displayed by OpenGL. Aiming at the large amounts of calculation of global tide height, the feature of multicore processor is integrated into the method. The experiment shows that, compared to a single-core processor, when using a 6-core processor, the speedup ratio is about 5.4, parallel efficiency reaches 90%, and 880 000 tide heights can be calculated per second. Eventually, the result would be output as a tide height graph by OpenGL. This method could be a useful tool for marine cartography due to the large display range and the high efficiency.
Classification of Dynamic Cartographic Symbols applied to Augmented Reality (AR) Systems
Authors: Amorim Fabrício Rosa , Schmidt Marcio Augusto Reolon
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Paper maps were widely used during centuries; however, these maps do not change dynamically regarding its use context, the user behaviour and the change in the representations through time. Considering the research related to digital cartography, maps started to be seen both digitally and in a dynamic way due to the application of static and dynamic visual variables. During the process of navigation supported by maps, the comprehension of certain cartographic symbols can be a complex task for people. When using representations for virtual environment, specifically the Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR), an advantage is the complementing of the information communication through virtual objects, which reduces the cognitive effort to decode all the representation as in the traditional maps. Until now, several scientific investigations about adjusting the cartographic design aimed to personal and vehicular navigation maps in AR are being developed. However, few studies investigate the application of dynamic symbols in AR built from the dynamic visual variables of Cartography. In this way, the aim on this research is to classify the symbols that use the dynamic variables. In addition, verify the presence of these variables in Augmented Reality systems in mobile devices that use AR to represent spatial information in the context of personal navigation in an outdoor environment.
The Automated Map. Public innovation for the generation of the National Topographic Map of Spain
Authors: Pérez Adolfo , Quesada Felisa , González Alicia , Boluda Alfonso , Maldonado Ana , de Tomás José Alfonso , de la Paz Navas María , Prieto Santiago
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Several reasons have prompted the National Geographic Institute of Spain (IGN-Spain) to implement an automatic process to generate the National Topographic Map 1:25,000 (MTN) instead trough the traditional manual way, pointing out the growing lack of human resources, in addition to the search for a quick response to the increasing demand of updated geoinformation by the society.This new automated process provides an annual production of all the map sheets composing the MTN25 (4.019 files), what is an unprecedented time record, so that the users can quickly both download them from the Download Centre Website and visualize the maps through the visualization web services WMS and WMTS. This methodology is also applied to the creation of sheets for printed publication, whose final output requires a simplified manual editing process.
Swing control for a three-link brachiation robot based on sliding-mode control on irregularly distributed bars
Authors: Lu Zhiguo , Liu Guoshuai , Zhao Haibin , Wang Ruchao , Liu Chong
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The bionic-gibbon robot is a popular bionic robot. The bionic-gibbon robot can imitate a gibbon in completing brachiation motion between branches. With nonlinear and underactuated properties, the robot has important research value. This paper designs a type of bionic-gibbon robot with three links and two grippers. To simplify the controller, a plane control model is proposed, and its dynamic model is established. The control strategy in this paper divides the brachiation motion into several processes: adjust posture, open the gripper, the swing process and close the gripper. Based on sliding-mode control (SMC), the control method for the swing process is designed. The target position of the brachiation motion is set as the origin of the sliding-mode surface. In a finite time, the robot will reach the target position along the approach rate we adopt. In this way, the robot can complete the desired brachiation motion only by setting the position parameters of the target bar. We perform some simulations in ROS-Gazebo. The simulation results show that the bionic-gibbon robot can complete continuous brachiation motion on irregularly distributed bars. The sliding-mode control and the three-link structure significantly improve the robustness and swing efficiency of the bionic-gibbon robot.
Seismic soil-structure interaction analysis of wind turbine support structures using augmented complex mode superposition response spectrum method
Authors: Kitahara Masaru , Ishihara Takeshi
Published: December 2021

Abstract. In this study, the seismic soil-structure interaction (SSI) of wind turbine support structures is investigated using response spectrum method (RSM) based on the complex eigenmodes. Seismic loadings on wind turbine support structures are newly derived by complex mode superposition RSM. To improve the prediction accuracy of the shear force acting on footings, this method is augmented by introducing the upper limit of modal damping ratios of 10 %. In addition, the bending moment at the hub height due to the mass moment of inertia of rotor and nacelle assembly is considered as an additional loading. The proposed method is validated by comparison with time history analysis (THA) accounting for different types of foundations and different tower geometries. Seismic loadings acting on the towers and footings by the proposed method show favourable agreement with the mean results by THA of several input acceleration time histories, while the original complex mode superposition RSM strongly underestimates shear forces acting on footings.
That curious book "The Breath of Life" by George Catlin
Authors:   Loma Linda University, Onsager Lawrence
Published: December 2021

In 1861, George Catlin published a classic on mouth breathing titled The Breath of Life which is a contri­bution to the history of medicine, dentistry, and medical anthropology. Catlin, famous for his American Indian paintings and contributions to ethnography, believed that primi­tive Indians were healthier than civilized Europeans because they slept on their backs and breathed through their noses rather than their mouths. He emphasized his point with the use of many rather absurd illustrations. The book had a fair degree of success and was reprinted regularly until 1891. Garrison and Morton list the book as the first published work in America on mouth breathing.
Forum: Comment on article by Stanley and Lundeen (1980, Jan)
Authors: Penzer Victor
Published: December 2021

Includes response by Stanley and Lundeen.
Image Schemas in Diasporic Visual Discourse: Peripheral Voices in the Selected Photographs of Afghan Migrants Living in Pakistan
Authors: Khan Sara , Anwar Nadia
Published: December 2021

This study explores the socio-cognitive dynamics of the photographic representation of Afghan Refugees residing in Pakistan. It aims to reveal counter discursivity present in the images of Afghan refugees and accentuate the visual nature of this counter discourse. Data sets taken for analysis consist of five photographs of Afghan refugees retrieved from the album collection of an international photographer Muhammad Muheisen. By adopting an interdisciplinary perspective based on three schools, i.e. Critical Discourse Studies, Social Semiotics and Cognitive Linguistics, the study proposed a Cognitive Grammar approach to traditional Transitivity Analysis. Cognitive transitivity analysis explored the discursive strategy of Structural Configuration by highlighting the cognitive systems such as image schemas, narrative structures and processes in both visual representations and textual taglines assigned to the images by the photographer. The findings of the study revealed the employment of CONTAINER, FORCE, SPACE, and SOURCE- PATH Schemas and dominant presence of agentive and transactional roles of Afghan refugees. The taglines of photographs revealed material processes dominating the discourse, thus, coinciding with agentive representation of Afghan refugees. The findings revealed that image schemas, narrative structures and processes, being embodied sources, preconceptual and mimetic structures, project Afghan photographic discourse as marginalized in the face of Pakistan’s Refugee Policies.