bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Zinc and Magnesium Fertilizers on the Yield and Some Characteristics of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Seeds in Two Years
Authors: Sadeghi Farhad , Rezeizad Abbas , Rahimi Mehdi
Published: April 2021

In order to study the interaction effects of zinc and magnesium fertilizers on wheat (cv. Sivand) yield and other characteristics, a factorial experiment was carried out based on a randomized complete block design (RCDB) using four replications. Four levels of zinc sulfate (0, 20, 40, and 60 kg ha−1) and four levels of magnesium sulfate (0, 70, 140, and 210 kg ha−1) were used in this study. The parameters studied included germination, plant height, tillering, 1000-seed weight, hectoliter weight, concentrations of zinc and magnesium in seeds, protein content, and yield. The effects of zinc sulfate and magnesium sulfate for most traits were significant (

p
<
0.01

). The highest grain yield (7.68 Ton ha−1) was obtained by applying 60 kg ha−1 of zinc and consuming 140 kg of magnesium per hectare. The maximum magnesium amount in seed was shown in treatment with 60 kg ha−1 of zinc × 210 kg ha−1 magnesium, which was 0.352 mg kg−1. Treatments with the best economic aspects were 20 kg ha−1 of zinc sulfate × 70 kg ha−1 magnesium sulfate and 40 kg ha−1 of zinc × 140 kg ha−1 magnesium, in terms of using less zinc and magnesium fertilizers and having a favorable impact on the attributes. The application of these treatments on wheat can ultimately increase zinc and magnesium in wheat grain. Because these elements play a role in human health, the use of these treatments in wheat can increase zinc and magnesium in wheat grains, and therefore, an effective step can be taken in human health by producing these wheat. According to the test results, the application of 60 kg ha−1 of zinc sulfate along with 140 kg ha−1 of magnesium sulfate can play an important role in increasing wheat yield with reduced costs.
Investigation on the Fracturing Permeability Characteristics of Cracked Specimens and the Formation Mechanism of Inrush Channel from Floor
Authors: Wang Jianning , Liu Weitao , Shen Jianjun
Published: April 2021

To study the fracture characteristics and the permeability change law of the cracked specimens during the complete stress‐strain process, a mechanical model was constructed, from which different types of crack initiation angles were obtained. The crack inclination angles under uniaxial compression, confining compression, and confining tension, and the influence of confining pressure and pore water pressure on the crack propagation and permeability of rock mass were investigated and simulated with RFPA‐Flow software using prefabricated crack models with crack initiation angles of 30°, 45°, and 60°. Furthermore, the formation mechanism of inrush channel from floor was qualitatively analyzed. The results indicated that the theoretical initiation angles of wing cracks, secondary coplanar cracks, and secondary inclined antiwing cracks were found to be 70.53°, 0°, and 123.8°, which were consistent with the simulation results. The crack propagation was mainly concentrated at the postpeak stage of the complete stress‐strain curve, causing the peak of seepage velocity to lag behind the stress peak. For the case with a constant confining pressure, the rate of crack initiation and propagation to final failure was positively correlated with the internal pore pressure. For the case with a constant water pressure, the speed of crack initiation and propagation to final failure decreased first and then increased as the confining pressure increased. In addition, the longitudinal propagation of wing cracks and the increase in permeability were prone to occur in the low confining pressure zone, which induced the formation of water inrush channels. The research result provides an improved understanding for predicting and preventing water inrush disasters.
A Synthetic Curcuminoid Analogue, 2,6-Bis-4-(Hydroxyl-3-Methoxybenzylidine)-Cyclohexanone (BHMC) Ameliorates Acute Airway Inflammation of Allergic Asthma in Ovalbumin-Sensitized Mice
Authors: Tham Chau Ling , Yeoh Sin Yee , Ong Chun Hao , Harith Hanis Hazeera , Israf Daud Ahmad
Published: April 2021

2,6-Bis-(4-hydroxyl-3-methoxybenzylidine) cyclohexanone (BHMC), a synthetic curcuminoid analogue, has been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory properties in cellular models of inflammation and improve the survival of mice from lethal sepsis. We further evaluated the therapeutic effect of BHMC on acute airway inflammation in a mouse model of allergic asthma. Mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA), followed by intraperitoneal administration of 0.1, 1, and 10 mg/kg of BHMC. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, blood, and lung samples were collected, and the respiratory function was measured. OVA sensitization and challenge increased airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and pulmonary inflammation. All three doses of BHMC (0.1-10 mg/kg) significantly reduced the number of eosinophils, lymphocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils, as well as the levels of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) as compared to OVA­challenged mice. However, serum level of IgE was not affected. All three doses of BHMC (0.1-10 mg/kg) were effective in suppressing the infiltration of inflammatory cells at the peribronchial and perivascular regions, with the greatest effect observed at 1 mg/kg which was comparable to dexamethasone. Goblet cell hyperplasia was inhibited by 1 and 10 mg/kg of BHMC, while the lowest dose (0.1 mg/kg) had no significant inhibitory effect. These findings demonstrate that BHMC, a synthetic nonsteroidal small molecule, ameliorates acute airway inflammation associated with allergic asthma, primarily by suppressing the release of inflammatory mediators and goblet cell hyperplasia to a lesser extent in acute airway inflammation of allergic asthma.
Well-Posedness and Stability Result of the Nonlinear Thermodiffusion Full von Kármán Beam with Thermal Effect and Time-Varying Delay
Authors: Choucha Abdelbaki , Ouchenane Djamel , Boulaaras Salah Mahmoud , Cherif Bahri Belkacem , Abdalla Mohamed
Published: April 2021

In this work, we consider a new full von Kármán beam model with thermal and mass diffusion effects according to the Gurtin-Pinkin model combined with time-varying delay. Heat and mass exchange with the environment during thermodiffusion in the von Kármán beam. We establish the well-posedness and the exponential stability of the system by the energy method under suitable conditions.
Rational Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Reverse Tale of Men, Mice, and Culture Dishes
Authors: Avolio Marco , Trusolino Livio
Published: April 2021

Stratification of colorectal cancer into subgroups with different response to therapy was initially guided by descriptive associations between specific biomarkers and treatment outcome. Recently, preclinical models based on propagatable patient-derived tumor samples have yielded an improved understanding of disease biology, which has facilitated the functional validation of correlative information and the discovery of novel response determinants, therapeutic targets, and mechanisms of tumor adaptation and drug resistance. We review the contribution of patient-derived models to advancing colorectal cancer characterization, discuss their influence on clinical decision-making, and highlight emerging challenges in the interpretation and clinical transferability of results obtainable with such approaches.

Significance:

Association studies in patients with colorectal cancer have led to the identification of response biomarkers, some of which have been implemented as companion diagnostics for therapeutic decisions. By enabling biological investigation in a clinically relevant experimental context, patient-derived colorectal cancer models have proved useful to examine the causal role of such biomarkers in dictating drug sensitivity and are providing fresh knowledge on new actionable targets, dynamics of tumor evolution and adaptation, and mechanisms of drug resistance.
Mechanisms of Resistance to KRASG12C-Targeted Therapy
Authors: Akhave Neal S. , Biter Amadeo B. , Hong David S.
Published: April 2021

KRAS mutations are among the most common drivers of human carcinogenesis, and are associated with poor prognosis and an aggressive disease course. With the advent of KRASG12C inhibitors, the RAS protein is now targetable, with such inhibitors showing marked clinical responses across multiple tumor types. However, these responses are short-lived due to the development of resistance. Preclinical studies now suggest MAPK reactivation, stimulation of CDK4/6-dependent cell-cycle transition, and immune defects as possible mechanisms of resistance. Devising strategies to overcome such resistance mechanisms, which are a barrier to long-term clinical response, remain an active area of research.

Significance:

Although KRAS-targeted cancer therapy is revolutionary, tumors rapidly develop resistance. Understanding the mechanisms driving this resistance and designing combination strategies to overcome it are integral to achieving long-term disease control.
Robust Antitumor Immunity in a Patient with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Treated with Cytotoxic Regimens
Authors: Rajamanickam Venkatesh , Ballesteros-Merino Carmen , Samson Kimberly , Ross David , Bernard Brady , Fox Bernard A. , Tran Eric , Newell Pippa , Duhen Thomas
Published: April 2021

Microsatellite-stable (MSS) colorectal cancers are characterized by low mutation burden and limited immune-cell infiltration and thereby respond poorly to immunotherapy. Here, we report a case of metastatic MSS colorectal cancer with a robust anticancer immune response. The primary tumor was resected in 2012, and the patient received several cycles of chemotherapy until 2017. In 2018, the patient underwent a left hepatectomy to remove a new metastasis. Analysis of the metastatic tumor revealed a strong CD8+ T-cell response. A high frequency of CD8+ T cells coexpressed CD39 and CD103, a phenotype characteristic of tumor-reactive cells. Using whole-exome sequencing, we identified somatic mutations that generated peptides recognized by CD39+CD103+CD8+ T cells. The observed reactivity against the tumor was dominated by the response to a single mutation that emerged in the metastasis. Somatic mutations that were not immunogenic in the primary tumor led to robust CD8+ T-cell expansion later during disease progression. Our data suggest that the cytotoxic treatment regimen received by the patient might be responsible for this effect. Hence, the capacity of cytotoxic regimens to prime the immune system in colorectal cancer patients should be investigated further and might provide a rationale for combination with immunotherapy.
A mulher universal: corpo, gênero e pedagogia da prosperidade
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Educação, Teixeira Jacqueline Moraes
Published: April 2021

A obra mostra o trabalho de Jacqueline Moraes Teixeira sobre a pedagogia da prosperidade da Igreja Universal e sua construção do feminino. Partindo do fato, aparentemente paradoxal, que é a posição do pastor Edir Macedo em defesa do aborto, este livro elabora, passo a passo, as várias dimensões que tornam esse posicionamento compreensível, desde sua fundamentação teológica até as prescrições voltadas para a organização da vida cotidiana. Proporcionando ao leitor o acesso a um universo ainda pouco conhecido do grande público, a autora relata que o trabalho pedagógico e disciplinar que os agentes religiosos vêm desenvolvendo contam com um escopo muito mais amplo, circulando pelas redes midiáticas, criando ambientes de relacionamento de casais e organizando, com atitudes pontuais e práticas, a vida diária das famílias. Nessa novidade reside o grande interesse da obra e o desafio proposto para a compreensão das transformações que marcam o papel das religiões no mundo contemporâneo.
Sistemas de vigilância em saúde animal
Authors:   Biovet Vaxxinova, Callefe João Luis Revolta , Neto José Soares Ferreira ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia
Published: April 2021

Os sistemas de vigilância constituem a forma mais eficiente de se combater um grande número de doenças que acometem as populações animais, fornecendo informações de alta qualidade para embasar a tomada de decisões dos gestores. Para se elaborar bons sistemas de vigilância são necessários o pleno domínio dos métodos epidemiológicos e um sólido conhecimento da história natural da doença alvo, da população alvo, da região onde essa população está inserida e do modo de produção adotado na região. Para serem exitosos, os sistemas de vigilância precisam nascer de forma pactuada entre todos os segmentos e atores da sociedade envolvidos no processo e, para tanto, é central a importância de Comitês Gestores representativos dessas forças. Os autores destacam a relevância de se avaliar os sistemas de vigilância e discorrem sobre a metodologia disponível para tal.
Characteristics and Outcomes of COVID-19 in Patients on Left Ventricular Assist Device Support
Authors: Birati Edo Y. , Najjar Samer S. , Tedford Ryan J. , Houston Brian A. , Shore Supriya , Vorovich Esther , Atluri Pavan , Urgo Kimberly , Molina Maria , Chambers Susan , Escobar Nicole , Hsich Eileen , Estep Jerry D. , Alexander Kevin M. , Teuteberg Jeffrey J. , Chaudhry Sunit-Preet , Ravichandran Ashwin , DeVore Adam D. , Margulies Kenneth B. , Hanff Thomas C. , Zimmer Ross , Kilic Arman , Wald Joyce W. , Vidula Himabindu , Martens John , Blumberg Emily A. , Mazurek Jeremy A. , Owens Anjali T. , Goldberg Lee R. , Alvarez-Garcia Jesus , Mancini Donna M. , Moss Noah , Genuardi Michael V.
Published: April 2021

Background:

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to afflict millions of people worldwide. Patients with end-stage heart failure and left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) may be at risk for severe COVID-19 given a high prevalence of complex comorbidities and functional impaired immunity. The objective of this study is to describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with end-stage heart failure and durable LVADs.

Methods:

The Trans-CoV-VAD registry is a multi-center registry of LVAD and cardiac transplant patients in the United States with confirmed COVID-19. Patient characteristics, exposure history, presentation, laboratory data, course, and clinical outcomes were collected by participating institutions and reviewed by a central data repository. This report represents the participation of the first 9 centers to report LVAD data into the registry.

Results:

A total of 40 patients were included in this cohort. The median age was 56 years (interquartile range, 46–68), 14 (35%) were women, and 21 (52%) were Black. Among the most common presenting symptoms were cough (41%), fever, and fatigue (both 38%). A total of 18% were asymptomatic at diagnosis. Only 43% of the patients reported either subjective or measured fever during the entire course of illness. Over half (60%) required hospitalization, and 8 patients (20%) died, often after lengthy hospitalizations.

Conclusions:

We present the largest case series of LVAD patients with COVID-19 to date. Understanding these characteristics is essential in an effort to improve the outcome of this complex patient population.
Clustering Longitudinal Blood Pressure Trajectories to Examine Heterogeneity in Outcomes Among Preeclampsia Cases and Controls
Authors: Roell Kyle R. , Harmon Quaker E. , Klungsøyr Kari , Bauer Anna E. , Magnus Per , Engel Stephanie M.
Published: April 2021

Preeclampsia is a heterogeneous disease characterized by new onset of hypertension along with signs of organ damage, affects 2% to 8% of pregnancies, and can result in serious complications to the mother and her child. There is little empirical evidence on the clinical importance of differences in blood pressure trajectories over the course of pregnancy, particularly in pregnancies affected by preeclampsia. We undertook an investigation of longitudinal changes in gestational blood pressure in a nested case-control study of preeclampsia in MoBa (Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study). We included 1906 validated preeclampsia cases and 1413 validated controls. We derived blood pressure trajectory clusters using longitudinal k-means clustering and examined demographic and early-pregnancy predictors and birth outcomes, in relation to clusters. Maternal age, prepregnancy body mass index, and parity were substantially different across blood pressure clusters of cases. Pregnancy outcomes, including preterm birth, small for gestational age, and birthweight
Z
score, were meaningfully worse for individuals with a more rapid increase in blood pressure, as well as for individuals with a high starting blood pressure. For example, risk of preterm birth was 11-fold to 35-fold higher for steep and high trajectory clusters, and risk of small for gestational age was 2-fold higher compared with the reference cluster. Future studies may leverage these trajectories to differentiate preeclampsia cases in relation to circulating biomarkers, which may help in the development of preeclampsia prediction tools.
Occipital Cortical Calcifications in Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy
Authors: Rasing Ingeborg , Voigt Sabine , Koemans Emma A. , van Zwet Erik , de Kruijff Paul C. , van Harten Thijs W. , van Etten Ellis S. , van Rooden Sanneke , van der Weerd Louise , van Buchem Mark A. , van Osch Matthias J.P. , Greenberg Steven M. , van Walderveen Marianne A.A. , Terwindt Gisela M. , Wermer Marieke J.H.
Published: April 2021

Background and Purpose:

Cortical calcifications have been reported in patients with cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), although their prevalence and pathophysiology are unknown. We investigated the frequency of calcifications on computed tomography, their association with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and their coexistence with a striped pattern of the occipital cortex reflecting microcalcifications on ultra-high-field 7T-magnetic resonance imaging in Dutch-type hereditary CAA (D-CAA) and sporadic CAA.

Methods:

We included D-CAA mutation carriers with a proven APP (amyloid precursor protein) mutation or ≥1 lobar ICH and ≥1 first-degree relative with D-CAA and sporadic CAA patients with probable CAA according to the modified Boston criteria. D-CAA carriers were regarded symptomatic when they had a history of symptomatic ICH. We assessed the presence, location, and progression of calcifications and their association with ICH and the striped occipital cortex.

Results:

We found cortical calcifications in 15/81 (19% [95% CI, 11–29]) D-CAA mutation carriers (15/69 symptomatic and 0/12 presymptomatic) and in 1/59 (2% [95% CI, 0–9]) sporadic CAA patients. Calcifications were all bilateral located in the occipital lobes. In 3/15 (20%) of the symptomatic D-CAA patients the calcifications progressed over a period up to 10 years. There was evidence of an association between cortical calcifications and new ICH development (hazard ratio, 7.1 [95% CI, 0.9–54.9], log-rank
P
=0.03). In 7/25 D-CAA symptomatic carriers in whom a 7T-magnetic resonance imaging was performed, a striped pattern of the occipital cortex was present; in 3/3 (100%) of those with calcifications on computed tomography and 4/22 (18%) of those without calcifications.

Conclusions:

Occipital cortical calcifications are frequent in D-CAA but seem to be rare in sporadic CAA. Their absence in presymptomatic carriers and their association with ICH might suggest that they are a marker for advanced CAA. Cortical calcifications on computed tomography seem to be associated with the striped occipital cortex on 7T-magnetic resonance imaging which may possibly represent an early stage of calcification.
The Variable Nature of Ownership of Emission Units in the Intersection of Climate Law, Property Law, and the Regulation of Financial Markets
Authors: Yliheljo Emilie
Published: April 2021

The article analyses the impact of the origins of emission units in transnational climate policy on market participants in the EU ets and the extension of financial-market regulation to the European carbon market. To assess the consequences of the public-private nature of emission units, a broad view of ownership is taken. Ownership is understood as the legal position of the holder of emission units, being an aggregate of elements of private law but also climate law and financial-market regulation. As a consequence, a picture emerges of a legal position variable in the personal, temporal, and spatial dimensions, following policy-design choices and the evolution of regulation of carbon markets. The ownership of emission units reflects the ongoing balancing of the different public-policy goals of the EU ets and differs from economic theories laying the foundations of emission trading. Due to the necessity for a proactive management of the scheme, regulatory intervention and risk have become inherent features of the ownership of the units, and the impact of changes will vary across different market participants.
Changing Climate, Unchanged Mandate: bric Countries in the UN Security Council
Authors: Bruner Tomáš
Published: April 2021

The UN Security Council has turned its attention to the link between climate change and security several times. Its members and other UN member states participating in discussions have remained divided over the Council’s engagement. Among vocal opponents are the bric countries: Brazil, Russia, India, and China. This article examines the argumentation of these countries during seven UN Security Council meetings between 2007 and 2020. The bric countries often concede that climate change is a threat, but they strongly resist the idea that such a threat could be addressed by the Council. I use a Critical Legal Studies approach to analyse how the bric countries bolstered their key argumentation before the Council. I find that the bric countries exploited a ‘background rule’ concerning the unsc mandate and used it to reaffirm the limits on the Council’s action. They were thus able to avoid self-contradiction and strengthen their political position through a legal argument. This complemented other objections they raised against the Council’s involvement: its insufficient expertise, inefficient tools, and the inapplicability of the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities to its decision-making.
How interactions between tropical depressions and western disturbances affect heavy precipitation in South Asia
Authors: Hunt Kieran M. R. , Turner Andrew G. , Schiemann Reinhard K. H.
Published: April 2021

Interactions over South Asia between tropical depressions (TDs) and extratropical storms known as western disturbances (WDs) are known to cause extreme precipitation events, including those responsible for the 2013 floods over northern India. In this study, existing databases of WD and TD tracks are used to identify potential WD–TD interactions from 1979–2015; these are filtered according to proximity and intensity, leaving 59 cases which form the basis of this paper. Synoptic charts, vorticity budgets, and moisture trajectory analyses are employed to identify and elucidate common interaction types among these cases. Two broad families of interaction emerge. Firstly, a dynamical coupling of the WD and TD, whereby either the upper- and lower-level vortices superpose (a vortex merger), or the TD is intensified as it passes into the entrance region of a jet streak associated with the WD (a jet-streak excitation). Secondly, a moisture exchange between the WD and TD, whereby either anomalous moisture is advected from the TD to the WD, resulting in anomalous precipitation near the WD (a TD-to-WD moisture exchange), or anomalous moisture is advected from the WD to the TD (a WD-to-TD moisture exchange). Interactions are most common in the post-monsoon period as the subtropical jet, which brings WDs to the subcontinent, returns south; there is a smaller peak in May and June, driven by monsoon onset vortices. Precipitation is heaviest in dynamically-coupled interactions, particularly jet-streak excitations. Criteria for automated identification of interaction types are proposed, and schematics for each type are presented to highlight key mechanisms.
Cigarette Smoking and Suicidal Behaviors in Colombian High-School Students
Authors: Campo-Arias Adalberto , Caballero-Domínguez Carmen Cecilia , Suárez-Colorado Yuli Paola
Published: April 2021

The study aimed to quantify the association between last-month cigarette smoking and lifetime suicide behaviors in high-school students at Santa Marta, Colombia. A cross-sectional study was designed in which high-school students participated. They were asked about last-month cigarette smoking and lifetime suicide behaviors (suicide ideation, plan, and attempt). Crude odds ratios (ORs) were calculated and adjusted for confounding variables. A total of 1,462 students participated and they were between 13 and 17 ( M = 14.4, SD = 0.8) years, and 60.3% girls. The last-month prevalence of cigarette smoking was 11.6%, lifetime suicide ideation 10.2%, plan 18.5%, and attempted 15.4%. Cigarette smoking was associated with suicide ideation (OR = 1.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.17, 2.41]), suicide plan (OR = 1.97, 95% CI = [1.33, 2.93]), and suicide attempt (OR = 2.79, 95% CI = [1.87, 4.17]), after adjusting for gender, family function, and depressive symptoms. In conclusion, cigarette smoking is related to suicide behaviors in high-school students at Santa Marta, Colombia.
Race, Ethnicity, and Official Perceptions in the Juvenile Justice System: Extending the Role of Negative Attributional Stereotypes
Authors: Beckman Laura , Rodriguez Nancy
Published: April 2021

Overrepresentation of youth of color in the juvenile justice system has been well-documented. Although prior research has frequently drawn on attribution theory to explain the sources of racial and ethnic disparity in juvenile court outcomes, the key mechanisms (negative internal and external attributions) put forth by this theory have seldom been directly empirically tested. Using juvenile probation file content ( N = 285) that quantitatively captures court officials’ perceptions of youth, this study examines whether negative attributions differentially influence diversion decisions for Black, Latino/a, and Native American youth. Findings reveal that youth of color are more likely to be linked to negative internal attributions in comparison with White youth. Importantly, negative internal attributions in turn decrease the probability of receiving diversion. Analyses demonstrate that negative stereotypes play an important role in how juvenile court officials form perceptions of youth. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Sliding mode projective synchronization for fractional-order coupled systems based on network without strong connectedness
Authors: Meng Xin , Jiang Baoping , Gao Cunchen
Published: April 2021

This paper considers the Mittag-Leffler projective synchronization problem of fractional-order coupled systems (FOCS) on the complex networks without strong connectedness by fractional sliding mode control (SMC). Combining the hierarchical algorithm with the graph theory, a new SMC strategy is designed to realize the projective synchronization between the master system and the slave system, which covers the globally complete synchronization and the globally anti-synchronization. In addition, some novel criteria are derived to guarantee the Mittag-Leffler stability of the projective synchronization error system. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the validity of the proposed method.
Characterization of microstructures of SAN foam core using micro-computed tomography
Authors: Chen Youming , Das Raj , Wang Hui , Battley Mark
Published: April 2021

In this study, the microstructure of a SAN foam was imaged using a micro-CT scanner. Through image processing and analysis, variations in density, cell wall thickness and cell size in the foam were quantitatively explored. It is found that cells in the foam are not elongated in the thickness (or rise) direction of foam sheets, but rather equiaxed. Cell walls in the foam are significantly straight. Density, cell size and cell wall thickness all vary along the thickness direction of foam sheets. The low density in the vicinity of one face of foam sheets leads to low compressive stiffness and strength, resulting in the strain localization observed in our previous compressive tests. For M80, large open cells on the top face of foam sheets are likely to buckle in compressive tests, therefore being another potential contributor to the strain localization as well. The average cell wall thickness measured from 2D slice images is around 1.4 times that measured from 3D images, and the average cell size measured from 2D slice images is about 13.8% smaller than that measured from 3D images. The dispersions of cell wall thickness measured from 2D slice images are 1.16–1.20 times those measured from 3D images. The dispersions of cell size measured from 2D slice images are 1.12–1.36 times those measured from 3D images.
Effectiveness of perioperative pain science education on pain, psychological factors and physical functioning: A systematic review
Authors: Van der Gucht Elien , Dams Lore , Haenen Vincent , Godderis Lode , Morlion Bart , Bernar Koen , Evenepoel Margaux , De Vrieze Tessa , Vandendriessche Thomas , Asnong Anne , Geraerts Inge , Devoogdt Nele , De Groef An , Meeus Mira
Published: April 2021

Objective:

To synthesize the evidence on the effectiveness of pain science education on pain, psychological factors and physical functioning in adults who underwent surgery.

Data sources:

A systematic literature search of English articles using PubMed/Medline, Embase, Web of Science Core Collection, and Cochrane Library.

Review methods:

The search strategy was constructed as follows: (((pain) AND (education)) OR (pain education)) AND (surgery). Only controlled quantitative studies in adults reporting outcome(s) on pain, psychological factors and/or physical functioning were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tools. P-values and corresponding effect sizes for interaction-effect (time × group) portrayed the difference in change over time between groups were of interest. The last search was conducted on February 28, 2021.

Results:

Nine papers ( n = 1078) were deemed eligible for this review. Two randomized controlled trials showed significant interaction effects. Breast cancer patients who had received one preoperative pain science education session showed a significant increase in postoperative pain compared to controls ( P-value = 0.0394). Furthermore, p sychological factors (pain catastrophizing and kinesiophobia) decreased in participants who had received pain science education before total knee arthroplasty, while this was not the case in the control group ( P-value < 0.001, ƞ2p:0.11).

Conclusions:

Overall, pain science education did not result in any significant postoperative effects on pain, psychological factors and/or physical functioning compared to controls. There is currently no strong evidence for the implementation of pain science education in the perioperative period. Registration number: PROSPERO: ID 161267, registration number CRD42020161267
Layperson Views about the Design and Evaluation of Decision Aids: A Public Deliberation
Authors: Schwartz Peter H. , O’Doherty Kieran C. , Bentley Colene , Schmidt Karen K. , Burgess Michael M.
Published: April 2021

Purpose

We carried out the first public deliberation to elicit lay input regarding guidelines for the design and evaluation of decision aids, focusing on the example of colorectal (“colon”) cancer screening.

Methods

A random, demographically stratified sample of 28 laypeople convened for 4 days, during which they were informed about key issues regarding colon cancer, screening tests, risk communication, and decision aids. Participants then deliberated in small and large group sessions about the following: 1) What information should be included in all decision aids for colon screening? 2) What risk information should be in a decision aid and how should risk information be presented? 3) What makes a screening decision a good one (reasonable or legitimate)? 4) What makes a decision aid and the advice it provides trustworthy? With the help of a trained facilitator, the deliberants formulated recommendations, and a vote was held on each to identify support and alternative views.

Results

Twenty-one recommendations (“deliberative conclusions”) were strongly supported. Some conclusions matched current recommendations, such as that decision aids should be available for use with and without providers present (conclusions 1–4) and should support informed choice (conclusion 9). Some conclusions differed from current recommendations, at least in emphasis—for example, that decision aids should disclose cost of screening (conclusion 11) and should be kept simple and understandable (conclusion 14). Deliberants recommended that decision aids should disclose the baseline risk of getting colon cancer (conclusions 15, 17).

Limitations

Single location and medical decision.

Conclusions

Guidelines for design of decision aids should consider putting a greater focus on disclosing cost and keeping decision aids simple, and they possibly should recommend disclosing less extensive amounts of quantitative information than currently recommended.
Comparison of motivations and perceptions of capstone benefits for industry sponsors: An interview-based study of faculty and industry
Authors: Rawal Varun , O’Shields Steven T , Summers Joshua D
Published: April 2021

The goal of this research is to understand, explore, and align the motivation and value that industry gains from sponsoring senior level mechanical engineering capstone design projects at Clemson University. This research compares the expected values of capstone projects from the perspectives of both the sponsoring companies and university faculty. If faculty understand the expected value from the sponsor, faculty could more effectively solicit and scope sponsor-based projects. Interviewing was used as the data collection method to explore faculty and company sponsor perceptions regarding the capstone design program. Interview results are linked and evaluated to extract thematic patterns in the responses. Conclusions of this work show that faculty anticipate companies continue to sponsor projects if the final products generated by the student teams are beneficial to the company. Companies tend to gain value from sponsoring capstone by providing low priority projects to garner solutions with minimal investment. Further, the realized benefit of the projects for the sponsoring companies depends on the structuring of the program, the proximity of the university, and the relationship between the company and university.
Component-level failure analysis using multi-criteria hybrid approach to ensure reliable operation of wind turbines
Authors: Kaylani Hazem , Alkhalidi Ammar , Al-Oran Fayez , Alhababsah Qutaiba
Published: April 2021

Wind turbines are made of several electrical and mechanical components that are subject to several types of failures. Thus, the proper assessment of different failure modes and the selection of proper corrective actions will ensure the continuous and reliable functionality of wind turbines. In this research, the authors introduce a combined hybrid “Failure Modes and Effects Analysis” and “Analytic Hierarchy Process” (FMEA-AHP) method. This hybrid approach will be used to identify and analyze failure risk factors of wind turbine components. Firstly, FMEA is used to assess the impact of each component failure. Secondly, AHP is used to prioritize the severity of failures and the best measures aiming to reduce the risk of individual failures. The proposed measures, in this article, will enhance reliability and reduce operational costs of power generation using a wind turbine.
Attitudes and Views Concerning Human Milk Banking Among Mothers Residing in a Rural Region of Bangladesh
Authors: Jahan Yasmin , Rahman Sohel , Shamsi Tasdidaa , sm-Rahman Atiqur
Published: April 2021

Background

Human milk banks play an essential role by providing human milk to infants who would otherwise not be able to receive mother’s milk.

Study aim

To determine the opinions and attitudes among possible donor mothers regarding human milk banks in one rural region in Bangladesh.

Methods

A prospective, cross-sectional study following a probability type of stratified cluster sampling technique was used. Included in the study ( N = 121) were mothers aged 20–49 years, with at least one child, who was currently lactating or had breastfed her child, and who resided in the rural community of Bangladesh where the study was conducted. Data were collected through a 21-item, close-ended questionnaire and a face-to-face interview conducted by the researcher at each participant’s home.

Results

Among the participants, 98.3% ( n = 119) said that they had not heard about human milk banks before speaking with the researchers. Most participants (71.9%, n = 87) said would obtain human milk from milk banks if necessary, but 28% ( n =34) of mothers indicated that they would not receive milk from a milk bank, even if it was necessary for their children. Only 8.3% ( n = 10) said human milk banks were not appropriate according to Islam and 99.2% ( n = 120) did not know about the acceptance of human milk banking practices in Bangladesh.

Conclusions

For those with religious concerns, a framework for both the donors and recipients can be established. It can be recommended that health education through healthcare personnel (midwives, nurses, gynecologists, pediatricians, and other health professionals) and religious leaders may strengthen the belief and increase awareness among family members about milk banking practices.
Investigation of the effect of FDM process parameters on mechanical properties of 3D printed PA12 samples using Taguchi method
Authors: Kam Menderes , İpekçi Ahmet , Şengül Ömer
Published: April 2021

This study investigated the effects of FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) process parameters on mechanical properties (tensile strength, elongation, and impact strength) of 3D (three-dimensional) printed PA12 (Polyamide12) samples using Taguchi method. In the experimental design (L8), four different layer thickness (0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25 mm), extruder temperature (250 and 260°C), filling structure (Rectilinear and Full Honeycomb), and occupancy rate (25 and 50%) were determined. The tensile and impact strength test samples were printed with the FDM method. Tensile and impact strength of the test samples were carried out according to ISO 527 and ISO 180 test standards. The findings obtained from tests were analyzed and compared. As a result, the layer thickness is most effective factor for enhance the mechanical properties instead extruder temperature, occupancy rate, and filling structure. The optimum tensile strength of determined for process parameters (layer thickness, occupancy rates, filling structures and extruder temperature) were 0.25 mm, 50%, Rectilinear, and 250°C, respectively. The optimum impact strength of determined for process parameters (layer thickness, occupancy rates, extruder temperature, and filling structures) were 0.25 mm, 50%, 250°C, and Rectilinear, respectively. PA12 filament material can be used to printing for sleeve bearing due to their mechanical properties. It can be used in the production of many machine parts and components due to its tensile strength, impact strength resistance and damping properties.
Lest We Forget: Politics of Multiculturalism in Canada Revisited during COVID-19
Authors: Lee Eunjung , Johnstone Marjorie
Published: April 2021

Since COVID-19, we have witnessed a rise in hate crimes and xenoracism globally. Some commentators on COVID-related racism claim that this hate is apolitical. We question this claim, and in this paper, we strive to reveal the underlying politics especially around the ramifications and impact of this hate on racialized (im)migrants and the multiculturalism ideal. Drawing from Foucault’s construct of biopolitics and using Canada as a case study, we wonder how Canadian multiculturalism, which is a source of national pride, has been politically constructed to serve white settler hegemony from its inception to the present. We link political debates around the emergence of a multiculturalism policy in 1971 to the recent debates on multiculturalism and immigration during the 2015 and 2019 federal elections, and the current COVID-19 related national border policies in 2020. Our critical analysis illustrates how immigrants and racialized minorities have been systemically positioned in our legislation as a site to demonstrate the politics of governance, often scapegoated for national unrest and questioned on the legitimacy of their belonging and contribution to the nation. Meanwhile, the very ideal of multiculturalism in Canada has been evoked as the centre of biopolitics to govern ‘Others’ and all.
“If Only We Are Brave Enough to Be It”: Demanding More from Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Efforts to Support Women Faculty of Color”
Authors: Beeman Angie
Published: April 2021

The Black Lives Matter protests, the racial inequality laid bare by the COVID-19 pandemic, and the January 6, 2021 attack on the U.S. Capitol prompted several organizations and academic institutions to write statements in support of the Movement for Black Lives and to re-evaluate their dedication to Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI). Using auto-ethnographical analysis, I address the inadequacy of such liberal initiatives to effectively challenge racial barriers to the promotion and retention of faculty of color, especially women of color. In fact, I argue that such initiatives could present further challenges for women of color, who are only included superficially and in ways that create more invisible, unrecognized labor. I propose that the language of DEI efforts must more centrally name racism at the same time that they address intersectionality through what I call racism-centered intersectional approaches. These approaches are particularly needed given the history of attacks on ethnic studies and critical race theory.
Ketamine in Refractory Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Cheung Fiona , Doherty Stephanie M. , Tatara Alexandra W.
Published: April 2021

Purpose:

To describe the use of ketamine in an adult patient in aborting a cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) episode.

A 40-year-old man with a history of CVS was admitted after several days of nausea and vomiting. He was given parenteral doses of lorazepam and ondansetron but was unable to remain emesis-free. Ketamine was recommended by Gastroenterology as a therapeutic option after exhausting all first- and second-line agents. Ketamine is a noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist that is widely used for its analgesic and sedative effects. While there is some data to support its use in CVS, most of the published literature has been limited to the Emergency Department setting and no specific therapeutic dose has been established. We will review our institution’s experience with low dose ketamine in an adult patient with a CVS episode that is refractory to first-line agents.

Conclusion:

In the case described, ketamine at a low sub-anesthetic dose successfully aborted a CVS episode with no appreciable side effects. As much of ketamine’s full effects remain relatively unknown, additional studies are needed to determine optimal strategies for ketamine use in patients with a CVS episode.
Fatal Underfunding? Explaining COVID-19 Mortality in Spanish Nursing Homes
Authors: Costa-Font Joan , Jiménez Martin Sergi , Viola Analía
Published: April 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has exerted a disproportionate effect on older European populations living in nursing homes. This article discusses the 'fatal underfunding hypothesis', and reports an exploratory empirical analysis of the regional variation in nursing home fatalities during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain, one of the European countries with the highest number of nursing home fatalities. We draw on descriptive and multivariate regression analysis to examine the association between fatalities and measures of nursing home organisation, capacity and coordination plans alongside other characteristics. We document a correlation between regional nursing home fatalities (as a share of excess deaths) and a number of proxies for underfunding including nursing home size, occupancy rate and lower staff to a resident ratio (proxying understaffing). Our preliminary estimates reveal a 0.44 percentual point reduction in the share of nursing home fatalities for each additional staff per place in a nursing home consistent with a fatal underfunding hypothesis.
Are Disasters Disastrous to Nonprofit Organizations? Investigating the Financial Implications of Hurricane Sandy for Nonprofits
Authors: Chen Xintong
Published: April 2021

Nonprofit organizations are sensitive to external disasters due to their high reliance on external funds and volunteers. In this study, I investigate how disasters affect the financial health of nonprofits and what factors make them more vulnerable within the context of disaster. The sample in this study includes nonprofits directly and indirectly affected by Hurricane Sandy. Using a logistic regression model, I explore if the disaster contributed to the likelihood of a nonprofit experiencing financial distress. Disaster, as an external shock, increases risks of nonprofits experiencing financial distress, especially for smaller nonprofits and nonprofits not relying on commercial revenue.
Continuous assessment of longitudinal temperature force on ballasted track using rail vibration frequency
Authors: Feng Qingsong , Liu Zhiye , Jiang Jian , Lei Xiaoyan , Wei Xiankui
Published: April 2021

In this study, the possibility of using the rail vibration frequency to assess the longitudinal temperature force on the rail of ballasted track was investigated experimentally. An empirical formula was subsequently derived to link the frequency index to multiple factors, including the longitudinal temperature force, under-rail stiffness, and fastener spacing. Further tests were conducted to analyse the applicability and accuracy of the frequency index in continuous longitudinal force measurements under different line conditions (i.e. in the non-expansion zone and expansion zone). A technique for using the frequency index to assess the longitudinal temperature force was finally developed. The main results are as follows. (1) The first-order pinned–pinned modal frequency and peak frequency of the mid-span response are very close, and they both change linearly with the longitudinal temperature force on the rail. The rate of change in the vertical direction is larger than that in the horizontal direction. (2) Even if influenced by multiple factors, the peak frequency of the rail mid-span response is suitable for continuous longitudinal temperature force assessment under appropriate measures, and longitudinal temperature force detection could be realized with proper preparation. (3) Using the mid-span response frequency to detect the temperature force of rail located in the expansion zone causes deviation of the results, and under-rail materials whose stiffnesses are insensitive to temperature help reduce this deviation.