bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrated analysis of long non‐coding RNAs and mRNAs associated with condyloma acuminatum
Authors: Tao Sizheng , Cao Ping , Jin Mei , Suo Peiyan , Chen Yuan , Li Yuye
Published: February 2024

Condyloma acuminatum (CA) is a prevalent sexually transmitted disease caused by low‐risk human papillomavirus infection, characterized by high transmission and recurrence rates. Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a crucial role in regulating gene transcription and are involved in various biological processes. Although recent studies have demonstrated the involvement of lncRNAs in cervical cancer, their expression profile and function in CA remain poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to identify messenger RNA (mRNA) and lncRNA expression patterns in CA using high‐throughput lncRNA sequencing. We found that 3033 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 1090 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs) were significantly altered in CA compared to healthy controls. The results from quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical staining are in accordance with the observed trends in the sequencing data. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that upregulated DEGs in CA were involved in biological processes such as virus response, immune response, cell cycle regulation, the tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway, and the P53 signaling pathway. Co‐expression network analysis identified potential target genes of DELs, with enrichment in biological processes such as cell differentiation, the intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway, and pathways such as virus infection, pathways in cancer, T helper 17 cell differentiation, the mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling pathway, and the Wnt signaling pathway. Collectively, our findings indicate significant changes in the transcriptome profile, including mRNAs and lncRNAs, in CA compared to healthy controls. Our study provides new insights into the potential functions of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of CA and identifies potential therapeutic targets for this disease.
Intrauterine adhesions treated with hysteroscopic adhesiolysis and subsequent obstetric outcome: A retrospective matched cohort study
Authors: Hong Wei , Wu Zhiping , Li Li , Wang Beiying , Li Xiaocui
Published: February 2024

Objective

To examine whether a history of hysteroscopic adhesiolysis (HA)‐treated intrauterine adhesions (IUAs) was associated with an increased risk of adverse obstetrical outcomes in subsequent pregnancies.

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

A tertiary‐care hospital in Shanghai, China.

Population

A cohort of 114 142 pregnant women who were issued an antenatal card and received routine antenatal care in Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, between January 2016 and October 2021.

Methods

From the cohort of 114 142 pregnant women, each woman with a history of HA‐treated IUA prior to the current pregnancy (n = 780) was matched with four women without a history of IUAs (n = 3010) using propensity score matching. The matching variables were maternal age and parity, mode of conception, pre‐pregnancy body mass index and prior history of abortion.

Main outcome measures

Pregnancy complications, placental abnormalities, postpartum haemorrhage and adverse birth outcomes.

Results

Compared with women with no history of IUAs, women with a history of HA‐treated IUAs were at higher risk of pre‐eclampsia (RR 1.69, 95% CI 1.23–2.33), placenta accreta spectrum (RR 4.72, 95% CI 3.9–5.73), placenta praevia (RR 4.23, 95% CI 2.85–6.30), postpartum haemorrhage (RR 2.86, 95% CI 1.94–4.23), preterm premature rupture of membranes (RR 3.02, 95% CI 1.97–4.64) and iatrogenic preterm birth (RR 2.86, 95% CI 2.14–3.81). Those women were also more likely to receive cervical cerclage (RR 5.63, 95% CI 3.95–8.02) during pregnancy and haemostatic therapies after delivery (RR 2.17, 95% CI 1.75–2.69). Moreover, we observed that the RRs of those adverse obstetrical outcomes increased with the increasing number of hysteroscopic surgeries.

Conclusions

This study found that a history of HA‐treated IUAs, especially a history of repeated HAs, was associated with an increased risk of adverse obstetrical outcomes.
The changing psychiatry workforce in Australia: Still lacking in rural and remote regions
Authors: Hayter Catherine Mary , Allison Stephen , Bastiampillai Tarun , Kisely Steve , Looi Jeffrey C. L.
Published: February 2024

Introduction

There is a long standing and worsening shortage of psychiatrists in Australia particularly in rural areas. The majority of psychiatrists work in major cities.

Objective

To identify recent trends in the Australian rural psychiatrist workforce compared with the metropolitan workforce.

Design

We descriptively analysed population‐level data from the National Health Workforce Data Set (NHWDS), the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) and the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS).

A descriptive analysis of the numbers (count) and gender of psychiatrists from 1995 to 2022 working in Australia was conducted. For the period 2013 to 2022, we analysed for rurality, gender, years' experience, hours worked, Medicare‐subsidised services provided and proportions of Specialist International Medical Graduates (SIMG) by sex, with a focus on the rural workforce. For international comparison, psychiatrist numbers were obtained for other OECD countries. The number of psychiatrists working in Australia, as per NHWDS and AIHW, was quantified. We analysed trends in demographics, hours worked and rurality of psychiatrists working in Australia in a serial cross‐sectional design.

Findings

Most psychiatrists are maldistributed to major cities, while outer regional and remote areas have few resident psychiatrists. Outer regional New South Wales (NSW) and South Australia (SA) have the lowest numbers of psychiatrists per capita. The full‐time equivalent (FTE) of psychiatrists per 100 000 has increased from 12.6 in 2000 to 15.2 in 2022. However, the average hours worked by psychiatrists has declined. In total, available psychiatrist hours worked per 100 000 population has increased by 6.1% since the beginning of the millennium.

Discussion

Rural areas in NSW and SA have the greatest shortage of psychiatrists. Specialist International Medical Graduates and females (43% of the overall workforce) are the predominant workforce in rural areas. Although Medicare‐subsidised services per 1000 people have increased in rural areas, they remain lower than for those living in major cities.

Conclusion

There remains an acute shortage of psychiatrists in many regional and remote areas of Australia, with an increasing proportion of SIMGs and females working in these areas, in the context of future increased demand.
Real‐life users of hormonal or thermal male contraception: An analysis of female partners’ motivation, experience, and satisfaction
Authors: Laurent Clothilde , Mieusset Roger , Soufir Jean‐Claude , Perrin Jeanne
Published: February 2024

Background

Two male contraceptive methods that inhibit spermatogenesis currently exist: thermal male contraception and hormonal male contraception. Only five studies have been conducted on the acceptability of these methods among men; among women, only the hypothetical acceptability of such a male contraceptive approach as the sole contraception method used by a couple has been evaluated.

Objectives

To evaluate the motivation, experience, and satisfaction of female partners in couples using hormonal male contraception or thermal male contraception as the sole contraception.

Materials and methods

In this cross‐sectional study, 123 male users of hormonal male contraception or thermal male contraception as the couple's sole contraception method were asked to invite their female partner to participate in an anonymous online survey. The questionnaire included 95 questions exploring population characteristics, contraceptive and pregnancy history, motivations for choosing hormonal male contraception or thermal male contraception, the experience of the women in the successive phase of use, relationships with their partner, and satisfaction with the contraception method.

Results

The response rate among participating women was 69% (59/86). The two main reasons for choosing male contraceptive were the desire to share the contraception role in the couple (65%) and the desire of the man to take charge of the contraception (61%). The sexual satisfaction score increased significantly between the contraceptive methods used before hormonal male contraception or thermal male contraception and the phase of contraceptive use (p < 0.01). The overall satisfaction level with thermal male contraception or hormonal male contraception was rated at 3.7 ± 0.6 out of 4. Women mostly recommended hormonal male contraception or thermal male contraception because of the share of contraceptive responsibility and mental load (n = 23/54, 43%).

Discussion

This population of women seemed to have struggled to find a contraceptive method that suited them, but most took advantage of thermal male contraception or hormonal male contraception and trusted their male partner to take charge of contraception use.

Conclusion

The positive evaluation from women in partnerships using thermal male contraception and hormonal male contraception should encourage the development of these methods.
ABO non‐identical platelet transfusions, immune platelet refractoriness and platelet support
Authors: Han Min‐Hi , Badami Krishna Govind
Published: February 2024

ABO‐non‐identical (ABO‐ni) platelets may be another risk factor for immune platelet transfusion refractoriness (i‐PTR). We examined the effect of such platelets on i‐PTR and subsequent platelet support through retrospective analysis of 17 322 New Zealand patients receiving ≥1 platelets. Immune PTR was defined as PTR with anti‐HLA‐I/HPA positivity. Univariate and multivariate analyses determined the independent risk factors for i‐PTR. One hundred and eighty‐eight patients (1.1%) had i‐PTR and received more ABO‐ni platelets than non‐refractory patients (53.2% vs. 29.5%; p < 0.001). More non‐O than group O patients had received ABO‐ni platelets before i‐PTR diagnosis (67.6% vs. 32.5%; p < 0.001). Female sex (p < 0.001), age ≤ 60 years (p = 0.004), haematology patients (p < 0.001) and ≥2 ABO‐ni platelets (p < 0.001) were the independent risk factors for i‐PTR. More i‐PTR patients with anti‐HLA‐I were non‐O compared to group O (90.1% vs. 75.3%; p = 0.007). More with anti‐HLA‐I + anti‐HPA were group O than non‐O (24.7% vs. 9.0%; p = 0.003). ABO‐ni platelet‐exposed i‐PTR patients required matched platelets for longer than those receiving only ABO‐i platelets (96.5 vs. 59.0 days; p = 0.02). ABO‐ni platelets may be a risk factor for i‐PTR with dose effect. ABO‐i platelets should be considered whenever possible for at‐risk patients.
First complete remission favours haploidentical haematopoietic stem cell transplantation with post‐transplant cyclophosphamide over cord blood transplantation in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Jo Tomoyasu , Ueda Tomoaki , Akahoshi Yu , Kondo Tadakazu , Uchida Naoyuki , Tanaka Masatsugu , Nakamae Hirohisa , Doki Noriko , Ota Shuichi , Sawa Masashi , Ohigashi Hiroyuki , Maruyama Yumiko , Takayama Nobuyuki , Nishida Tetsuya , Hiramoto Nobuhiro , Katayama Yuta , Kanda Yoshinobu , Ichinohe Tatsuo , Atsuta Yoshiko , Arai Yasuyuki ,   the Japanese Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (JSTCT)
Published: February 2024

To assess the benefits of HLA‐haploidentical haematopoietic stem cell transplantation using post‐transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy‐haplo) relative to those of umbilical cord blood (UCB) transplantation in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), we analysed 1999 patients (PTCy‐haplo, 330; UCB, 1669), using the nationwide Japanese registry. PTCy‐haplo was associated with a significantly higher relapse rate, but lower non‐relapse mortality, which results in overall survival and disease‐free survival, comparable to those of UCB. Among patients in CR1, PTCy‐haplo showed a significantly higher survival than UCB regardless of the CD34+ cell dose. Our findings provide valuable insights into the donor selection algorithm in allogeneic HSCT for adult patients with ALL.
Employer associations, adaptive innovation and common goods: An integrated framework
Authors: Sheldon Peter , Della Torre Edoardo , Carollo Luca , Nacamulli Raoul
Published: February 2024

This article proposes a new theoretical framework of employer association (EA) adaptive innovation, a strategic organizational response to challenging environments facing EAs and/or relevant firms. Through adaptive innovation, EAs can enlarge their span of service offerings beyond collective, selective and elective goods, services typically explained by Olson‐inspired, market‐transactional theorizing. We identify, explain and conceptualize EA shifts into also offering common goods as community‐building, relational types of collective action. Territorial ecosystems are one prominent new domain for this type of strategic adaptive intervention. In our illustrative case, this involves collectively organizing an open innovation ecosystem beyond an EA's own walls. Ostrom's theorizing on the governance of the commons better explains these initiatives than Olson's. Our new framework, therefore, integrates Ostrom's with Olson's theories. In broadening the field's understanding of EA strategic opportunities, this article also opens prominent lines of inquiry for future EA research.
Distributional ecology: Opening new research windows by addressing aggregation‐related puzzles
Authors: Chen Youhua , Shen Tsung‐Jen
Published: February 2024

Aim

Distribution of species is one of the most elementary but fundamental biodiversity patterns, yet too many puzzles remain unsolved. In most cases, distribution of species is not random, but presents some degree of aggregation. Accordingly, the term ‘distributional aggregation’ is prevailingly used in ecology and evolutionary biology to reflect the non‐random distribution characteristic of species in space and time. However, its meanings are multiform and can be decomposed into a variety of components.

Location

Global.

Methods

In this paper, through synthesizing historical literature and comparing relevant meanings of distributional aggregation under different contexts, we summarize the current statistical metrics in detecting and evaluating distributional aggregation that are suitable for different field‐survey methods, study models and sampling scales. In particular, we explore the concept under the multi‐species setting for which few conceptual advances and statistical methods have been developed.

Results

We propose pure data dispersion and spatiotemporal proximity, as two basic components of distributional aggregation. We further explore three advanced components of distributional aggregation: orthogonal, hierarchical and parallel components that can simultaneously link sampling taxa, sampling sites and sampling methods.

Main Conclusions

We hope the systematic review can serve as a potentially useful primer to ecologists for better understanding and investigating complex and new distributional patterns of biological diversity. We further provide informative guides on developing new statistical methods and metrics. We also discuss useful simulation algorithms for generating diverse distributional aggregation patterns of species, aiming to help ecologists to test and compare the performance of different metrics related to diversity and distribution patterns of species.
Long‐term abacus training gains in children are predicted by medial temporal lobe anatomy and circuitry
Authors: Xie Ye , Chang Hyesang , Zhang Yi , Wang Chunjie , Zhang Yuan , Chen Lang , Geng Fengji , Ku Yixuan , Menon Vinod , Chen Feiyan
Published: February 2024

Abacus‐based mental calculation (AMC) is a widely used educational tool for enhancing math learning, offering an accessible and cost‐effective method for classroom implementation. Despite its universal appeal, the neurocognitive mechanisms that drive the efficacy of AMC training remain poorly understood. Notably, although abacus training relies heavily on the rapid recall of number positions and sequences, the role of memory systems in driving long‐term AMC learning remains unknown. Here, we sought to address this gap by investigating the role of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) memory system in predicting long‐term AMC training gains in second‐grade children, who were longitudinally assessed up to fifth grade. Leveraging multimodal neuroimaging data, we tested the hypothesis that MTL systems, known for their involvement in associative memory, are instrumental in facilitating AMC‐induced improvements in math skills. We found that gray matter volume in bilateral MTL, along with functional connectivity between the MTL and frontal and ventral temporal‐occipital cortices, significantly predicted learning gains. Intriguingly, greater gray matter volume but weaker connectivity of the posterior parietal cortex predicted better learning outcomes, offering a more nuanced view of brain systems at play in AMC training. Our findings not only underscore the critical role of the MTL memory system in AMC training but also illuminate the neurobiological factors contributing to individual differences in cognitive skill acquisition. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at https://youtu.be/StVooNRc7T8.

Research Highlights

We investigated the role of medial temporal lobe (MTL) memory system in driving children's math learning following abacus‐based mental calculation (AMC) training.

AMC training improved math skills in elementary school children across their second and fifth grade.

MTL structural integrity and functional connectivity with prefrontal and ventral temporal‐occipital cortices predicted long‐term AMC training‐related gains.
Insulin resistance before type 2 diabetes onset is associated with increased risk of albuminuria after diabetes onset: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Willig Meeah R. , Stinson Emma J. , Looker Helen C. , Piaggi Paolo , Mitchell Cassie M. , Hanson Robert L. , Nelson Robert G. , Krakoff Jonathan , Chang Douglas C.
Published: February 2024

Aim

Reduced renal insulin signalling is implicated in the pathogenesis of albuminuria. We sought to investigate whether insulin action and secretion, measured before diabetes onset, are associated with the development of albuminuria after diabetes onset.

Materials and Methods

Baseline body composition, insulin sensitivity by hyperinsulinaemic‐euglycaemic clamp at submaximal and maximal insulin stimulation (240 and 2400 pmol/m2/min; M‐low and M‐high), and insulin secretion by intravenous glucose tolerance test [acute insulin response (AIR)] were measured in 170 Southwestern Indigenous American adults who subsequently developed diabetes. After diabetes onset and during the median follow‐up of 13.6 years, 81 participants (48%) developed albuminuria (urine albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio ≥30 mg/g). Separate associations of M‐low, M‐high and AIR (per 1‐SD change) with the risk of albuminuria were assessed by Cox regression models adjusted for age, sex and body fat (%).

Results

Participants who developed albuminuria were of similar age (26.4 ± 5.4 vs. 27.5 ± 6.1 years), sex (46% vs. 48% male), body fat (36.4 ± 7.5 vs. 35.7 ± 7.9%) and AIR [2.3 ± 0.3 vs. 2.3 ± 0.3, pmol/L (log)] as those who did not develop albuminuria but had lower insulin sensitivity [M‐low: 0.33 ± 0.08 vs. 0.36 ± 0.12, p = .03; M‐high: 0.87 ± 0.11 vs. 0.91 ± 0.12, p = .02; mg/kg‐metabolic body size/min (log)]. In separate adjusted models, lower M‐low and M‐high were both associated with an increased risk for albuminuria [hazard ratio (HR) 1.51, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14, 2.00, p = .004; HR 1.31, 95% CI 1.06, 1.63, p = .01), whereas AIR was not (HR 1.15, 95% CI 0.87, 1.56, p = .3).

Conclusions

Lower insulin sensitivity is associated with the development of albuminuria, suggesting a role for insulin signalling in the pathogenesis of proteinuria.
Schlick, intuition, and the history of epistemology
Authors: Vrahimis Andreas
Published: February 2024

Maria Rosa Antognazza's work has issued a historical challenge to the thesis that the analysis of knowledge (as justified true belief) attacked by epistemologists from Gettier onwards was indeed the standard view traditionally upheld from Plato onwards. This challenge led to an ongoing reappraisal of the historical significance of intuitive knowledge, in which the knower is intimately connected to what is known. Such traditional accounts of intuition, and their accompanying claims to epistemological primacy, constituted the precise target of Moritz Schlick's critique. Schlick engages with this topic throughout his oeuvre, from some of his early epistemological writings, to his anti‐metaphysical stance as a leading Logical Empiricist. Schlick crucially distinguishes knowledge from mere acquaintance, denying that the latter has epistemic status. He therefore argues that the very notion of ‘intuitive knowledge’ is a contradictio in adjecto.
Grading system for assessing the confidence in the epileptogenic zone reported in published studies: A Delphi consensus study
Authors: Ryvlin Philippe , Barba Carmen , Bartolomei Fabrice , Baumgartner Christoph , Brazdil Milan , Fabo Daniel , Fahoum Firas , Frauscher Birgit , Ikeda Akio , Lhatoo Samden , Mani Jayanti , McGonigal Aileen , Metsahonkala Eeva‐Liisa , Mindruta Ioana , Nguyen Dang Khoa , Rheims Sylvain , Rocamora Rodrigo , Rydenhag Bertil , Schuele Stephan , Schulze‐Bonhage Andreas , Surges Rainer , Vulliemoz Serge , Beniczky Sandor
Published: February 2024

Objective

This study was undertaken to develop a standardized grading system based on expert consensus for evaluating the level of confidence in the localization of the epileptogenic zone (EZ) as reported in published studies, to harmonize and facilitate systematic reviews in the field of epilepsy surgery.

Methods

We conducted a Delphi study involving 22 experts from 18 countries, who were asked to rate their level of confidence in the localization of the EZ for various theoretical clinical scenarios, using different scales. Information provided in these scenarios included one or several of the following data: magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, invasive electroencephalography summary, and postoperative seizure outcome.

Results

The first explorative phase showed an overall interrater agreement of .347, pointing to large heterogeneity among experts' assessments, with only 17% of the 42 proposed scenarios associated with a substantial level of agreement. A majority showed preferences for the simpler scale and single‐item scenarios. The successive Delphi voting phases resulted in a majority consensus across experts, with more than two thirds of respondents agreeing on the rating of each of the tested single‐item scenarios. High or very high levels of confidence were ascribed to patients with either an Engel class I or class IA postoperative seizure outcome, a well‐delineated EZ according to all available invasive EEG (iEEG) data, or a well‐delineated focal epileptogenic lesion on MRI. MRI signs of hippocampal sclerosis or atrophy were associated with a moderate level of confidence, whereas a low level was ascribed to other MRI findings, a poorly delineated EZ according to iEEG data, or an Engel class II–IV postoperative seizure outcome.

Significance

The proposed grading system, based on an expert consensus, provides a simple framework to rate the level of confidence in the EZ reported in published studies in a structured and harmonized way, offering an opportunity to facilitate and increase the quality of systematic reviews and guidelines in the field of epilepsy surgery.
Can a multicomponent positive psychological intervention promote well‐being in parents of young children? A randomized controlled trial study in Hong Kong
Authors: Lee Alfred S. Y. , Datu Jesus Alfonso Daep , Chung Kevin Kien Hoa , Fung Wing Kai , Cheung Ryan Yat Ming
Published: February 2024

The present research examined the effects of an Early Advancement in Social–Emotional Health and Positivity (EASP) multicomponent positive psychological intervention on parents' well‐being in Hong Kong. Participants were parents of young children (N = 120; M
age = 37.19 years, SD = 4.71, range = 24–53; female = 95.00%) who participated in the one‐month randomized control trial. Participants were randomly assigned into the intervention (n = 50) and waitlist control groups (n = 70). Parents in the intervention group received two online workshops and an evidence‐based smartphone application that targeted four positive psychological skills: (1) mindful parenting, (2) hope, (3) positive reappraisal, and (4) growth mindset. The results of the multivariate regression analysis revealed that the intervention significantly improved various dimensions of participants' positive psychological skills, subjective well‐being, and psychological well‐being immediately at the conclusion of the program. The findings of this study underscore the importance of the well‐being payoffs linked to cultivating positive psychological skills among parents of young children.
Sub‐Model Aggregation for Scalable Eigenvector Spatial Filtering: Application to Spatially Varying Coefficient Modeling
Authors: Murakami Daisuke , Sugasawa Shonosuke , Seya Hajime , Griffith Daniel A.
Published: February 2024

This study proposes a method for aggregating/synthesizing global and local sub‐models for fast and flexible spatial regression modeling. Eigenvector spatial filtering (ESF) was used to model spatially varying coefficients and spatial dependence in the residuals by sub‐model, while the generalized product‐of‐experts method was used to aggregate these sub‐models. The major advantages of the proposed method are as follows: (i) it is highly scalable for large samples in terms of accuracy and computational efficiency; (ii) it is easily implemented by estimating sub‐models independently first and aggregating/averaging them thereafter; and (iii) likelihood‐based inference is available because the marginal likelihood is available in closed‐form. The accuracy and computational efficiency of the proposed method are confirmed using Monte Carlo simulation experiments. This method was then applied to residential land price analysis in Japan. The results demonstrate the usefulness of this method for improving the interpretability of spatially varying coefficients. The proposed method is implemented in an R package spmoran.
Beyond salinity: Plants show divergent responses to soil ion composition
Authors: Pätsch Ricarda , Midolo Gabriele , Dítě Zuzana , Dítě Daniel , Wagner Viktoria , Pavonič Michal , Danihelka Jiří , Preislerová Zdenka , Ćuk Mirjana , Stroh Hans Georg , Tóth Tibor , Chytrá Helena , Chytrý Milan
Published: February 2024

Aim

In salt‐affected environments, salinity shapes ecosystem functions and species composition. Apart from salinity, however, we know little about how soil chemical factors affect plant species. We hypothesized that specific ions, most of which contribute to salinity, co‐determine plant niche differentiation. We asked if the importance of ions differs for species with (halophytes) and without (associated species) physiological adaptations to saline soils.

Location

Carpatho‐Pannonian region (Central and Eastern Europe).

Time period

2005–2021.

Major taxa studied

Vascular plants.

Methods

We recorded species occurrences and collected soil samples in 433 plots in saline habitats. We measured pH, salinity (electrical conductivity), and concentrations of Ca2+, K+, Mg2+, Na+, SO42− Cl−, CO32− and mineral nitrogen (mN) and calculated the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR). For 88 species, we fitted response curves with Huisman–Olff–Fresco (HOF) models. To study ions' effects on species composition and ions' variance, we compared unconstrained and constrained ordinations and performed a principal component analysis. We used random forests to analyse the importance of ions for individual species and created two‐dimensional species niche plots for key ions.

Results

Ion concentration niches varied among species and did not necessarily correspond to soil salinity or alkalinity. We frequently observed monotonic, sigmoidal model responses, while skewed unimodal responses were rare. Ions explained a considerable proportion of species compositional variation. Particularly, Na+, SO42−, Cl−, and CO32− contributed to the ions' variance. Na+, followed by SO42−, Cl−, CO32−, Ca2+, Mg2+, and mN, was most important for the occurrence of individual species. Compared to associated species, Na+, SO42−, and mN were significantly less important for halophytes, whereas Cl− and CO32− played a significant role.

Main conclusions

We show that ion composition co‐determines niche differentiation in saline soils, suggesting evolved physiological adaptations in halophytes. Our study calls for incorporating high‐resolution data on soil ion composition in ecological research.
Risk of colorectal cancer in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and concomitant inflammatory bowel disease compared with primary sclerosing cholangitis only
Authors: Das Taranika Sarkar , Ho Kimberly , Udaikumar Jahnavi , Chen Bryan , Delau Olivia , Shaukat Aasma , Jacobson Ira , Sarwar Raiya
Published: February 2024

Aim

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) increases the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients; however, there is a paucity of literature to suggest PSC alone as an independent risk factor for CRC. We aimed to determine if PSC is an independent risk factor for CRC in a large tertiary care medical center. Optimizing screening intervals is of great importance, given the burden and risks associated with a lifetime of colonoscopy screening.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study consists of patients diagnosed with PSC preceding IBD (PSC–IBD) and PSC‐only before January 6, 2023 from a large, tertiary, academic medical center. Patients diagnosed with IBD concurrently or before PSC were excluded to reduce IBD's impact on CRC risk. Demographic data and colonoscopy findings were collected and assessed.

Results

Overall, 140 patients from all NYU Langone Health clinical settings were included. Patients with PSC–IBD were more likely to be diagnosed with CRC (23.3% vs. 1.8%, p < 0.01) and either low‐grade or uncharacterized dysplasia (16.7% vs. 0.0%, p < 0.01) compared with those with PSC‐only. Among PSC‐only patients, the estimated CRC risk was significantly elevated compared with that expected of the standard NYU Langone population (SIR 9.2, 95% CI 1.1, 33.2).

Conclusions

Our study revealed a significantly heightened CRC risk in PSC–IBD patients compared with those with PSC‐only. Importantly, individuals with PSC‐only also face a greater CRC risk compared with the general population. Individuals with PSC‐alone may require extended screening and surveillance colonoscopy intervals compared with those with PSC–IBD, yet still require more frequent monitoring than screening guidelines recommend for the general population.
Risk factors of lentigo maligna as compared to other melanoma subtypes
Authors: Mitsaki Kyriaki Stefania , Apalla Zoe , Lazaridou Elizabeth , Lallas Konstantinos , Lallas Aimilios
Published: February 2024

Background

Lentigo maligna (LM) exhibits a particular epidemiological profile compared to other histopathologic subtypes of melanoma, with a propensity for the head and neck area and a higher mean age at diagnosis. Few small‐scale studies have exclusively evaluated the risk factors for the development of LM.

Objective

This study aims to compare LM to other histological subtypes of melanoma for the prevalence of known melanoma risk factors, including pigmentary characteristics, history of occupational sun exposure, nevus count, and familial melanoma history.

Patients and methods

We conducted a case–control study of 152 patients with LM and 784 patients with other melanoma subtypes (OM). The Mann–Whitney t‐test and Pearson chi‐squared test were used to detect differences between the two groups in continuous and categorical variables, respectively. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were then constructed to identify risk factors for developing LM compared to other melanoma subtypes.

Results

In multivariate logistic regression analysis, LM was positively associated with a lentigines count >50 and occupational sun exposure compared to OM (OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.35–3.29 and OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.33–3.57, respectively). In contrast, patients with an increased nevus count and fair or medium skin color were less likely to develop LM than OM (OR 0.93, P < 0.001, 95% CI 0.91–0.94, and OR 0.28, P < 0.001, 95% CI 0.17–0.46, respectively). In univariate analysis, LM exhibited a weaker association with all pigmentary traits than OM. No significant associations were found for atypical nevi count and family history.

Conclusion

We found significant differences in the prevalence of known melanoma risk factors between LM and other melanoma subtypes, which supports the hypothesis of a distinct pathogenetic pathway of LM.
Treatment of acute urticaria: A systematic review
Authors: Badloe Fariza M. S. , Grosber Martine , Ring Johannes , Kortekaas Krohn Inge , Gutermuth Jan
Published: February 2024

There are only a few clinical trials which address the treatment of acute urticaria (AU). Especially, the added value of systemic corticosteroids to antihistamines is unclear in treatment of severe AU. To review the existing evidence‐based approaches for AU treatment. A systematic electronic search was done in PubMed and Web of Science to retrieve all studies on the treatment of patients with AU. A descriptive synthesis was conducted based on the PRISMA statement. Quality assessment was independently performed by both reviewers (‘Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool’ for RCTs). Ten randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (n = 857 participants) were included. Four studies assessed corticosteroid effectiveness added to antihistamines and six studies compared the efficacy of H1 and/ or H2‐antihistamines. The addition of corticosteroid (prednisone) to an antihistamine (levo)cetirizine did not improve symptoms of AU compared to antihistamine alone in two out of three RCTs. The combination of diphenhydramine (50 mg, IV) and ranitidine (50 mg, IV) or cimetidine (300 mg, IV) was most efficient for relief of urticaria in two out of five studies. Most frequent adverse effects were sedation and drowsiness. Recent guidelines on urticaria treatment mainly focus on chronic urticaria rather than on AU. Moreover, only few, small RCTs provide evidence for the management of AU. Thus, the state‐of‐the‐art management of this frequent condition remains unclear. The addition of corticosteroids to an antihistamine as treatment for AU needs to be further investigated. Well‐designed, high‐quality interventional trials are needed to establish evidence‐based treatment guidelines for AU.
Longitudinal analysis of the skin microbiome in association with hand eczema, hand hygiene practices and moisturizer use
Authors: Vindenes H. K. , Drengenes C. , Amin H. , Irgens‐Hansen K. , Svanes C. , Bertelsen R. J.
Published: February 2024

Background

The skin microbiota maintains a physical and immunological barrier to the environment. Little is known about how the microbiome changes over time or the effect of hand hygiene practices and moisturizer use.

Objectives

To assess sex‐specific changes in skin bacteria over time, and how the microbiome is related to self‐reported hand eczema, hand hygiene practices and use of moisturizers.

Methods

Swab samples from the dorsal hand were collected at baseline and 6.5 years later during the COVID‐19 pandemic, in 168 participants from the RHINESSA study in Bergen, Norway. The skin samples were analysed by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing.

Results

The alpha diversity of the hand microbiome increased from baseline to follow‐up, and beta diversity differed by sex at both time points. The relative abundance increased for several bacteria from baseline to follow‐up, with sex‐specific differences. Current hand eczema and aggravating hand eczema during the COVID‐19 pandemic were associated with an increase in Staphylococcus. High hand washing frequency at home was associated with lower alpha diversity and with higher abundance of Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium, Finegoldia, and Pseudomonas and lower abundance of Propionibacterium and Pelomonas. The alpha diversity increased with increasing time passing between hand washing and sampling, whereas more frequent moisturizer use was associated with significantly lower alpha diversity, and a change in abundance for some bacteria, such as more Pseudomonas.

Conclusions

This longitudinal study revealed an overall increase in skin microbial diversity over a 6‐year period, which was unexpected since follow‐up was performed during the COVID‐19 pandemic when vigorous hand hygienic practices were introduced. Sex‐specific differences were identified at both time points. Individuals with hand eczema seem to develop a more dysbiotic skin bacterial community over time. Hand washing and use of moisturizers, with typically gender‐specific habitual patterns, may lead to change in bacterial composition.
Upper thermal tolerance and population implications for the Magdalena River stingray Potamotrygon magdalenae
Authors: Gómez‐Martínez Daniela , Londoño‐Cruz Edgardo , Mejía‐Falla Paola Andrea
Published: February 2024

Knowledge of thermal tolerance limits provides important clues to the capacity of a species to withstand acute and chronic thermal changes. Climate models predict the increase and intensification of events such as heat waves, therefore understanding the upper thermal limits that a species can tolerate has become of utmost importance. We measured the upper thermal tolerance of the endemic Magdalena river stingray Potamotrygon magdalenae acclimated to experimental conditions, and then used critical thermal methodology to find the temperature at which an organism reaches a critical endpoint where locomotory activity becomes disorganized and the animal loses its ability to escape from conditions that will promptly lead to its death. We also describe the behavioral response of individuals to acute thermal stress and infer the possible consequences of temperature increases in the habitats of P. magdalenae populations. There were no significant differences between sexes in temperature tolerance or behavior. The critical thermal maximum (39°C) was 5.9°C above the maximum recorded temperature for the study area. Although P. magdalenae was tolerant to high temperature and currently is not living at its upper thermal limit, its survival in Guarinocito Pond will be threatened if temperatures continue to increase, considering the warming scenarios predicted for tropical regions due to climate change, even including short‐term climate phenomena such as El Niño.
Toeholds and information quality in common‐value takeover auctions
Authors: Dodonova Anna
Published: February 2024

In this article I analyze the effect of the sensitivity of firm value on the information available to potential acquirers in common‐value takeover auctions with toeholds. I show that the quality of information does not affect equilibrium when bidders have equal toeholds but has a significant effect when toeholds are different. My article demonstrates that increasing the relative information quality of the bidder with a smaller toehold makes both bidders bid more aggressively and leads to a higher price. I also analyze the combined effect of toeholds and information quality on equilibrium bidding strategies and discuss ways target shareholders can increase the expected final price.
Breaking the rules of SLC6 transporters: Export of the human creatine transporter‐1 from the endoplasmic reticulum is supported by its N‐terminus
Authors: Ün Didem , Kovalchuk Vasylyna , El‐Kasaby Ali , Kasture Ameya , Koban Florian , Kudlacek Oliver , Freissmuth Michael , Sucic Sonja
Published: February 2024

Mutations in the human creatine transporter 1 (CRT1/SLC6A8) cause the creatine transporter deficiency syndrome, which is characterized by intellectual disability, epilepsy, autism, and developmental delay. The vast majority of mutations cause protein misfolding and hence reduce cell surface expression. Hence, it is important to understand the molecular machinery supporting folding and export of CRT1 from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). All other SLC6 members thus far investigated rely on a C‐terminal motif for binding the COPII‐component SEC24 to drive their ER export; their N‐termini are dispensable. Here, we show that, in contrast, in CRT1 the C‐terminal ER‐export motif is cryptic and it is the N‐terminus, which supports ER export. This conclusion is based on the following observations: (i) siRNA‐induced depletion of individual SEC24 isoforms revealed that CRT1 relied on SEC24C for ER export. However, mutations of the C‐terminal canonical ER‐export motif of CRT1 did not impair its cell surface delivery. (ii) Nevertheless, the C‐terminal motif of CRT1 was operational in a chimeric protein comprising the serotonin transporter (SERT/SLC6A4) and the C‐terminus of CRT1. (iii) Tagging of the N‐terminus—but not the C‐terminus—with yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) resulted in ER retention. (iv) Serial truncations of the N‐terminus showed that removal of ≥51 residues of CRT1 impaired surface delivery, because the truncated CRT1 were confined to the ER. (v) Mutation of P51 to alanine also reduced cell surface delivery of CRT1 and relieved its dependence on SEC24C. Thus, the ER‐export motif in the N‐terminus of CRT1 overrides the canonical C‐terminal motif.

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Neurovascular anatomy of the developing human fetal penis and clitoris
Authors: Aksel Sena , Derpinghaus Amber , Cao Mei , Li Yi , Cunha Gerald , Baskin Laurence
Published: February 2024

The human penile and clitoral development begins from a morphologically indifferent genital tubercle. Under the influence of androgen, the genital tubercle forms the penis by forming a tubular urethra within the penile shaft. Without the effect of the androgen, the genital tubercle differentiates into the clitoris, and a lack of formation of the urethra within the clitoris is observed. Even though there are similarities during the development of the glans penis and glans clitoris, the complex canalization occurring along the penile shaft eventually leads to a morphological difference between the penis and clitoris. Based on the morphological differences, the main goal of this study was to define the vascular and neuronal anatomy of the developing penis and clitoris between 8 and 12 weeks of gestation using laser scanning confocal microscopy. Our results demonstrated there is a co‐expression of CD31, which is an endothelial cell marker, and PGP9.5, which is a neuronal marker in the penis where the fusion is actively occurring at the ventral shaft. We also identified a unique anatomical structure for the first time, the clitoral ridge, which is a fetal structure running along the clitoral shaft in the vestibular groove. Contrary to previous anatomical findings which indicate that the neurovascular distribution in the developing penis and clitoris is similar, in this study, laser scanning confocal microscopy enabled us to demonstrate finer differences in the neurovascular anatomy between the penis and clitoris.
Mechanisms of COVID‐19‐associated olfactory dysfunction
Authors: Chang Koping , Zaikos Thomas , Kilner‐Pontone Nicholas , Ho Cheng‐Ying
Published: February 2024

Olfactory dysfunction is one of the most common symptoms of COVID‐19. In the first 2 years of the pandemic, it was frequently reported, although its incidence has significantly decreased with the emergence of the Omicron variant, which has since become the dominant viral strain. Nevertheless, many patients continue to suffer from persistent dysosmia and dysgeusia, making COVID‐19‐associated olfactory dysfunction an ongoing health concern. The proposed pathogenic mechanisms of COVID‐19‐associated olfactory dysfunction are complex and likely multifactorial. While evidence suggests that infection of sustentacular cells and associated mucosal inflammation may be the culprit of acute, transient smell loss, alterations in other components of the olfactory system (e.g., olfactory receptor neuron dysfunction, olfactory bulb injury and alterations in the olfactory cortex) may lead to persistent, long‐term olfactory dysfunction. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the epidemiology, clinical manifestations and current understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of COVID‐19‐associated olfactory dysfunction.
Multiple horizontal gene transfer events have shaped plant glycosyl hydrolase diversity and function
Authors: Kfoury Beatriz , Rodrigues Wenderson Felipe Costa , Kim Sang‐Jin , Brandizzi Federica , Del‐Bem Luiz‐Eduardo
Published: February 2024

Plant glycosyl hydrolases (GHs) play a crucial role in selectively breaking down carbohydrates and glycoconjugates during various cellular processes, such as reserve mobilization, pathogen defense, and modification/disassembly of the cell wall.

In this study, we examined the distribution of GH genes in the Archaeplastida supergroup, which encompasses red algae, glaucophytes, and green plants.

We identified that the GH repertoire expanded from a few tens of genes in early archaeplastidians to over 400 genes in modern angiosperms, spanning 40 GH families in land plants. Our findings reveal that major evolutionary transitions were accompanied by significant changes in the GH repertoire. Specifically, we identified at least 23 GH families acquired by green plants through multiple horizontal gene transfer events, primarily from bacteria and fungi. We found a significant shift in the subcellular localization of GH activity during green plant evolution, with a marked increase in extracellular‐targeted GH proteins associated with the diversification of plant cell wall polysaccharides and defense mechanisms against pathogens.

In conclusion, our study sheds light on the macroevolutionary processes that have shaped the GH repertoire in plants, highlighting the acquisition of GH families through horizontal transfer and the role of GHs in plant adaptation and defense mechanisms.
Focusing on the individual in cross‐sectoral collaboration: A configurational approach
Authors: AbouAssi Khaldoun , Lim Sungdae , Bowman Ann O' M. , Johnston Jocelyn M.
Published: February 2024

Research focuses on various macro and meso aspects of collaboration and less on the individuals who make decisions about their organizations' collaborations. Organizational leaders make these decisions based on their interpretations, influenced by their personal characteristics. Existing studies examining organizational outcomes such as a decision to collaborate typically consider these characteristics separately and independently, ignoring the reality that a leader's characteristics jointly and interactively shape perspectives, attitudes, and behaviors. We focus on five prominent characteristics in the literature—gender, educational attainment, prior cross‐sector experience, current cross‐sector affiliation, and tenure in position—and study their configurational dynamics regarding the organization‐level outcome—the propensity of cross‐sector collaboration. We employ qualitative comparative analysis to develop and test a configurational model for cross‐sector collaboration, using survey data of local government and nonprofit leaders in Lebanon. The analysis offers exploratory insights into four configurational types of leaders whose organizations opt to collaborate at the local level.