bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Review of Enhancement of Thermal Performance of Flat Plate Solar Collectors through Nanofluid Implementation
Authors: Ali Zahraa H. Mohammed , Hussien Adnan M.
Published: September 2023

Nanofluids have found widespread practical applications in heat transfer, including cooling oils for diverse uses like automobile radiators, solar and nuclear power systems, biomedical devices, ventilation, heating, air conditioning, refrigeration, engine cooling, and transformers. Extensive scientific studies have investigated the impact of exotic fluids when combined with traditional heat transfer fluids, revealing that this combination enhances heat transfer performance beyond that of conventional working fluids. Collectively, these studies demonstrate the impressive heat transfer abilities of nanofluids. To optimize the efficiency of flat plate solar collectors, a comprehensive approach integrating theory and experimentation is essential. The results of such research highlight that increasing both the mass flow rate and concentration of nanofluids can lead to significant efficiency improvements, with potential enhancements ranging from 20% to 85%.
Rotary kilns. Temperature conditions. Lecture course
Authors: Groznov I. N.
Published: September 2023

In the course of lectures, a phenomenological model of the operation of a rotary kiln in the linear one-dimensional heat exchanger mode is presented. Chemical processes in the kiln are not considered. As the main parameters of the kiln, dimensionless parameters are proposed and used to describe the completeness of heat transfer, the imbalance of the heat load of the kiln, and the coefficient of heat loss to the external environment through the wall of the kiln. Analytical solutions of the equations of heat transfer between the kiln feed, the heat carrier, and the heat-conducting shell of the kiln for some typical operating modes are given; counterflow and flow modes, losses through the wall, work with the recuperator, indirect heating through the wall and the mode of holding the temperature. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the efficiency of the use of thermal energy. All solutions obtained are illustrated graphically. Most of numerical estimates obtained are performed for the case of sulphide ore calcination in the metallurgy of non-ferrous and precious metals. To understand the text, it is enough to have skills in solving the simplest linear differential equations. The course may be useful to students of relevant specialities, engineers, and designers. This course of lectures was created and published with the support and commission of the Public Joint Stock Company «Seligdar», Russia.
Аммониты-гиганты Рязанской области, "Природа"
Authors: Петроченков Д.А.
Published: September 2023

На правом берегу р.Оки у села Никитино Рязанской обл. собирают аммониты высокой сохранности, размер которых достигает 65 см. Эти образцы представлены в музеях, украшают интерьеры офисов и жилых помещений как в России, так и за рубежом. Тем не менее, они остаются неизученными в качестве декоративных коллекционных образцов и ювелирно-поделочного материала. В результате исследования аммонитов с использованием современного комплекса методов были установлены минеральный и химический состав, технологические характеристики и определяющие их факторы, а также проведена экспертиза экологической безопасности.
«Линия Арсеньева» в биогеографии Сихотэ-Алиня, "Природа"
Authors: Махинов А.Н. , Ермолин А.Б.
Published: September 2023

Рассматриваются предпосылки установления важного биогеографического рубежа между маньчжурской и охотской флорами и фаунами в южной части Дальнего Востока и роль русского писателя и географа В.К.Арсеньева в обосновании границы между ними в северной части горной системы Сихотэ-Алинь.
Брахиоподы Estonirhynchia estonica острова Сааремаа, "Природа"
Authors: Комаров В.Н. , Волкова Е.А. , Качалина М.Д.
Published: September 2023

Приведены общие данные о брахиоподах ринхонеллидах Estonirhynchia estonica из венлокских отложений о.Сааремаа (Эстония) и находках на их раковинах эпибионтов и следов жизнедеятельности сверлящих организмов.
События 6 ноября 1741 г. на острове Беринга, "Природа"
Authors: Быкасов В.Е.
Published: September 2023

Утром 6 ноября 1741 г. пакетбот Второй Камчатской экспедиции «Святой Петр», отброшенный ночным штормом к северу от острова Беринга, направился на юг, к острову. В 5 часов вечера судно стало на якорь в двух верстах от берега. В 6 часов внезапно возникшие при тихой погоде мощные стоячие волны дважды порвали якорные канаты, а затем набежавшая волна высотой 2.5–3 м перебросила судно через риф, в бухту Командор, где оно при тихой погоде простояло всю лунную ночь. Высказывается предположение, что все эти, на грани катастрофы, события были следствием моретрясения, вызванного извержением подводного вулкана.
Климат в зеркале СМИ, "Природа"
Authors: Киселёв А.А.
Published: September 2023

Представители средств массовой информации часто обращаются к ученым-климатологам за разъяснением причин погодных катаклизмов, а также за комментариями к публикациям в ведущих международных журналах или к юбилейным событиям, связанным с климатом. Достойно уважения, когда журналист стремится посредством интервью довести до своей аудитории мнение специалиста по тому или иному животрепещущему вопросу (а погода и климат как раз относятся к таковым). Однако и журналисты, и выпускаемые ими теле- и радиопередачи нередко оказываются весьма различными.
Marketing Efficiency of Cocoon in Salem District of Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Mohanavannan V. , Deepa N. , Balaji R. , Vidhyavathi A. , Ravikumar R.
Published: September 2023

Aims: The aim of this study is to assess the marketing efficiency of cocoon within the study area and to examine marketing challenges, subsequently proposing effective strategies to address these constraints.

Study Design: Exploratory research design.

Methodology: The research was carried out in the Salem districtof Tamil Nadu. During the month of July 2022, primary data was collected from a random sample of respondentsThe study examines cocoon production costs, returns, efficiency and marketing challenges. Data was collected from four blockswhichincludesOmalur, Mecheri, Attur, and Edappadi, thus comprising the total sample of140 respondents which includes112 farmers and 28 dealers. Personal interviews was conducted to gather primary data, Acharya’s technique is employed to calculate marketing efficiency and Garrett's Ranking Method was used to assess marketing constraints.

Results: This study identifies that Acharya's marketing channel shows a nil net marketing margin, yet boasts 95.61 percentefficiency. Farmers receive a net price of ₹ 395.86, obtained by deducting marketing costs from the ultimate consumer price. Constraints faced by Salem's cocoon growers includes high transportation cost, price fluctuations in cocoon market, and trader scarcity.

Conclusion: This study insist to maintain the minimum standard price for cocoon to mitigate price fluctuations, enhancing transportation infrastructure for bulk transport, and ensuring prompt and consistent payments. The successful implementation of these strategies holds the potential to facilitate the cocoon industry's progress and resilience in the face of constraints.
Production Area Discrimination of Ophiopogon japonicus Using 1H-NMR Fingerprints and Stoichiometric Method
Authors: Yuan Tao , Wen Xin-yu , Zhang Zhi-qiang , Huang Yi
Published: September 2023

Objective: Compared the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) fingerprint spectra of Ophiopogon japonicus from three planted regions in Sichuan province and used multiple stoichiometric methods to distinguish these medicinal material's production areas.

Methods: The 1H-NMR data of three Ophiopogon japonicus-producing areas in Sichuan province were obtained. Three stoichiometric methods---similarity analysis, clustering analysis, and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to analyze these 1H-NMR characteristics.

Results: There were significant differences in Ophiopagon japonicus from the three production areas. Samples in distinct regions of the same large production area could also observe a slight divergence. The similarity analysis, clustering analysis, and PCA analysis results consistently indicated that NMR spectroscopy combined with chemical measurement analysis could identify the production areas of medicinal material.

Conclusion: This study established a method of determining the Ophiopogon japonicus's district based on the 1H-NMR fingerprint map and stoichiometric methods. The technique was relatively simple and could serve as a basis for identifying the production areas of Ophiopogon japonicus, providing a reference for developing and utilization of Ophiopogon japonicus.
Soil Health and Sustainability in the Age of Organic Amendments: A Review
Authors: Rastogi Mausmi , Verma Shikhar , Kumar Sushant , Bharti Saurabh , Kumar Gaurav , Azam Kamaran , Singh Vikash
Published: September 2023

Organic amendments have emerged as a pivotal component in the trajectory of sustainable agriculture, given their multifaceted contributions to soil health, crop yield, and environmental conservation. This comprehensive review delves into the intricacies of organic amendments, spanning their historical context, types, sources, nutrient profiles, and their interplay with soil and plant health. Special emphasis is laid on the integration of modern technological advancements with traditional amendment practices, exploring the synergistic potential of digital agriculture and precision farming in enhancing the efficacy of organic inputs. The review also sheds light on the economic, social, and environmental ramifications, emphasizing the role of organic amendments in smallholder versus large-scale agricultural systems and their influence on farmer resilience and consumer perceptions. Crucially, this review addresses the challenges and limitations inherent in organic amendment practices, including concerns related to quality variation, scalability, over-application, and regulatory nuances. Concomitantly, the work culminates with a forward-looking perspective, highlighting emergent trends and innovations that portend the future of organic amendments in global agriculture. The findings underscore the significance of organic amendments not merely as soil additives but as integral elements in the blueprint for a sustainable, resilient, and food-secure future.
Variability in Chrysanthemum species (Dendranthema grandiflora) under Prayagraj Agro-climatic Conditions
Authors: Mishra Shivangi , Topno Samir E. , Kerketta Anita
Published: September 2023

A field experiment was carried out in the Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj. During rabi season (2022-2023). This study aimed to evaluate different varieties of Chrysanthemum in terms of growth, yield and quality characteristics. The experiment was laid out in Randomized block design (RBD) with 15 treatments and each treatment replicated thrice. The treatments consist of different combinations of varieties. Treatment T4 (Red Baby) was  statistically significant compared to other treatment combination, which recorded highest plant height (33.9 cm), No. of branches (31.8), Plant Spread (20.3cm)] , Stalk Length (22.3 cm) , Flower weight (3.8 g) , Self – life (25 days)  , Vase life (7.4 days) and quality in comparison to other varieties. The highest Benefit Cost Ratio was found in variety V4 (Red Baby) with 2.32.
Growth Promoting Trait of Yeasts Isolated from Tomato in Relation to IAA Production
Authors: Aswiny N. , Aiyanathan K. Eraivan Arutkani , Yesuraja I. , Chandramani P. , Subhashini R.
Published: September 2023

Yeasts are the useful microorganism widely present in nature and are the common inhabitants of soil, vegetation, and other environments. Through this study, thirty yeast isolates were isolated from phylloplane, fructoplane and as endophyte from leaves and fruits of tomato plant. The most effective one in promoting plant growth and IAA production was recorded in the isolate PY 15 (11.35±0.495 µg/mL) and it was followed by PY14 (10.38±0.452 µg/mL) and least recorded in the FY1 (0.53±0.03 µg/mL) isolate. Among the various isolates tested in vitro for the promotion of growth, the highest root and shoot length of 7.56±0.007 cm and 31.79±0.802 cm was recorded in the effective isolate PY15. The effective isolate (PY15) was identified as Meyerozyma guilliermondii (QR485249) based on morphological and molecular characterization. This study result concluded with statement that yeast strains found to promote plant growth by IAA production and could be considered for the development of biological products to enhance plant growth and to replace/reduce the use of synthetic fertilizers in the market.
Economic Dimensions of Mustard Cultivation under Sprinkler Irrigation in Southern Haryana
Authors: Walia Indu , Kumar Sanjay , Papang Janailin S. , Bajwan Aarti
Published: September 2023

In the present paper an attempt has been made to study the economic analysis of mustard crop grown under sprinkler irrigation system in southern Haryana. Multistage random sampling technique was used for the selection of sample farmers. At the first stage, Bhiwani and Rewari districts were chosen based on the high rate of adoption of sprinkler irrigation system. From each district then, two blocks i.e., Tosham and Loharu from Bhiwani district and Khol at Rewari and Nahar blocks from Rewari district were selected purposively. Further, two villages from each block and fifteen farmers from each village were taken for study. The primary data from 120 farmers were collected by personal interviews with the help of a pre-tested schedule. Information regarding cost and returns of mustard crop were gathered from sampled farmers for the year 2021-22 and the net return was worked out accordingly. The total variable cost incurred for cultivation of mustard accounted for ₹28767.98 and ₹33178.23 in Rewari and Bhiwani districts, respectively. Total cost incurred was ₹66243.33 and ₹70321.22 in Rewari and Bhiwani district, respectively. Farmers got higher net returns in Rewari district (₹22902.23) as compared to Bhiwani district (₹19364.07). The B:C ratio over total cost in Rewari, Bhiwani and overall were 1.34, 1.27 and 1.30, respectively.
Study of Salinity in Market Garden Production on the Togolese Coast
Authors: Biava Afatsao Kossi , Djidjolé Etse Kodjo , Nathalie Johnson Benziwa , Edjedu Sodjinou Komlan , Essozima Aliaki , Raoufou Radji , Akossiwoa Quashie Marie-Luce
Published: September 2023

Agriculture accounts for over 40% of Togo's GDP, and employs almost 65% of its working population. Market gardening, one of its sub-sectors, remains an important source of income and food self-sufficiency for rural and peri-urban populations. Among the peri-urban production zones, the coastline, by virtue of its geographical position, is sensitive to the salinisation of water and soil, as well as to sea spray. Salinity has a negative impact on market garden production. This study was therefore carried out to investigate the salinity of water and soil used in market garden production on the Togolese coast. To do this, measurements were taken of the electrical conductivity (EC) and pH of irrigation water and soil sampled in the Ablogamé and Agodéké districts, two production areas on the coastal strip. In each of these areas, water and soil samples were taken at three sites, with three samples per site, giving a total of six sites for analysis. At Ablogamé, the values for irrigation water ranged from 1113.67±3.06 µS/cm, 1971.67±9.24 µS/cm, to 1926.33±6.51 µS/cm and for Agodéké, they ranged from 756.67 ± 1.53, 1016.00 ± 1.00 to 1178.33 ± 0.58 µS/cm. This shows that, according to CIRAD and WHO standards, the water analysed is classified as "salty", with a variability of EC within the same production zone, the exception being one of the Agodeke sites, which has soft water according to WHO standards. The FAO, for its part, classifies all the waters as having slight to moderate restrictions for irrigation. Furthermore, the EC values obtained are moderately and slightly high. In addition, those of the Agodéké sites, located at around 83 to 108 m from the sea, in the erosive zone, are generally lower than those of the Ablogamé sites located in the accumulation zone, at around 288 m to 406 m from the sea. The pH of the water is slightly alkaline. As for the soil, the EC values are below the norms at all the sites studied, thus demonstrating the non-saline nature of the market-garden production areas on the Togolese coastal strip. The soil pH is neutral to slightly alkaline. There is therefore a dynamism in the Togolese coastal aquifers that requires further studies to improve the performance of vegetable production on this coast.
Assessment of Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance of Rice Genotypes (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Chaudhary Birendra Kumar , Verma O. P. , Singh Pankaj Kumar , Patel Arvind , Riju
Published: September 2023

The present investigation was carriedout with 25 rice genotypes. The evaluation was taken under three different environmental locations based on 11 quantitative traits. The trials were laid out in RBD with three replications at Students Instructional Farm, MES (Main Experimental Station) and Agronomy Farm of A.N.D.U.A.T., Kumarganj, Ayodhya. The environment-wise analysis of variance and pooled analysis of variance for three environments covering one crop seasons, revealed high significant mean squares for all the eleven characters under evaluation. Considering the mean performance of genotypes for different environmental conditions, the genotypes viz. T-3, Kavery Sampoorna, NDRK-11-27, Moti Gold and NDRK-11-29 were exhibiting high mean performance for grain yield per plant and some of its important components under irrigated condition. Three genotypes, T-3, Kavery Sampoorna, NDRK-11-27 possessed highest grain yield per plant among 25 genotypes across three environments. A wide range of phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variability was observed. The high magnitude (>20%) of PCV along with GCV observed for productive biological yield per plant (34.88), grain yield per plant (33.41%), L/B ratio (24.76) while high GCV recorded in biological yield per plant (31.00%), grain yield per plant (25.14%), no. of spikelet per panicle (21.15%). Moderate estimates of PCV along with GCV were recorded for harvest index (17.75%), panicle length (15.21%), plant height (13.6%) and days to 50% flowering (12.41%) and GCV were recorded productive tiller per plant (17.92%), harvest index (15.28%), leaf area index (13.81%), L/B ratio (13.55%), plant height (12.37%), days to 50% flowering (11.98%) and panicle length (10.75%).  The magnitude of heritability in broad sense varied between 93.28% in case of days to 50% flowering to 27.37% in case of L/B ratio. The high estimation of heritability recorded into days to 50% flowering (93.28%) followed by plant height (82.72%), biological yield per plant (78.99%), spikelet fertility (75.70%). moderate estimates of heritability were reported for harvest index (74.08%), productive tiller per plant (69.72%), number of fertile spikelet per panicle (66.78%). while low estimates of heritability were reported in case of L/B ratio (27.37), leaf area index (31.14%). High heritability along with high genetics advance in percent of mean was recorded for days to 50% flowering indicating the preponderance of additive gene action.
Screening of Different Genotypes of Niger (Guizotia abyssinica Cass) against Major Insect Pests
Authors: Vishwakarma Deepali , Panday Anand Kumar , Kumar Yogesh , Sharma Payal , Dwarka  , Parveen Sheeren , Mahor Dheerendra , Ahirwar Manoj Kumar
Published: September 2023

An experiment was conducted at Project Coordinating Unit Sesame and Niger, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur (M.P.) during Pre-Rabi season in the year 2020-21, encompassed of 21 promising genotypes of Niger which were screened for resistance/susceptibility against whiteflies, leafhoppers, and capsule fly. The genotypes JNS-28, JNS-9, JNC-6, NRS-1805, IGPN-15-02 and NRS-1513 were found promising against whitefly. The genotypes JNS-2017-8, IGPN-15-02, NRS-1513, NRS-1511 and JNS-2017-1 were found promising against the incidence of leafhopper. The genotypes DNS-19-24, JNS-2017-8, JNS-2016-1115, NRS-1513 and NRS-1807 were found promising against capsule fly.
The Effect of Biomays on Lipoprotein Receptors in the Dynamics of Development of Experimental Atherosclerosis
Authors: D. M. Azizova , R. A. Sabirova
Published: September 2023

In Asia, wheat sprouts (OP) has long been used as a traditional herbal medicine. Polikozanol, vitamins and polyunsaturated fatty acids - have different biological activity: anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic and lipid-lowering.

Aim: Investigate the effect of biomays on lipoprotein receptors in the dynamics of development of experimental atherosclerosis

Materials and Methods of Research: We decided to study the effect of the domestic drug "Biomays" in the treatment of experimental atherosclerosis. The study involved 5 groups of rabbits: 1st - intact (normal), 2nd - rabbits with hypercholesterolemia, 3rd - treatment with ultrax, 4th - treatment with biomice, 5th - received mixed treatment. Investigated the concentration of LOX- 1 and LDLR on the 60th, 70th, 80th and 90th days of hypercholesterolemia.

Results: Thus, the combination of Biomays and Ultrox has the most beneficial effect on LOX- 1 and rLDL parameters than monotherapy. In animals treated with both statins and Biomays, plasma LOX - 1 ligand levels were maintained at lower levels than untreated rabbits.

Conclusion:  We have found that the use of a statin in combination with dietary supplements "Biomays" (Maysara) has a synergistic effect improves the expression of r LDL and LDL uptake.
Exploring the Relationship between Health Information Technology and Use of Prescribed Antihypertensive Medications
Authors: Okobi Okelue E. , Omoike Omouyi J. , Oletu Helen , Ifiora Francis C. , Gopidasan Sreeja , Imafidon Onomhen , Iroro Joy , Dan-Eleberi Abigail E. , Faith Chilota , Okobi Emeka K. , Ghansah Aba , Okpara Jennifer Adaugo , Ajayi Oluwaseun M. , Ohanu Chinwe , Akueme Ngozi T.
Published: September 2023

Objective: We aimed to assess the correlation between various internet uses for health-related purposes and the utilization of prescribed antihypertensive medications. Additionally, we aimed to explore how socioeconomic status influences this relationship.

Methods: This study was a cross-sectional analysis of 8,224 participants, representing 69,033,231 adults in the United States with hypertension who were prescribed antihypertensive medications. Out of these respondents, 7,837 individuals (88.8%) reported adherence to their prescribed medication regimen. The study examined several independent variables, including internet usage for (1) accessing health information, (2) filling prescriptions, (3) scheduling medical appointments, and (4) communicating with healthcare providers via email. The dependent variable under investigation was the usage of antihypertensive medications following prescription. Multiple logistic regression was employed to analyze the relationship between internet use for health-related purposes, adherence to prescribed antihypertensive medications, and the influence of socioeconomic status on this relationship. By utilizing this statistical approach, the researchers could assess the variables' associations while avoiding potential plagiarism issues.

Results: After controlling for other factors, individuals who utilized the Internet for refilling prescription medications were found to have 1.65 times higher odds (95% CI 1.26, 2.16, p < .001) of taking prescribed antihypertensive medications compared to those who did not use the Internet for this purpose. Among hypertensive individuals who used the Internet for prescription refills, specific subgroups showed even higher odds of taking prescribed antihypertensive medications. Specifically, those who were employed had an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 2.04 (95% CI 1.39, 2.99, p < .001), college graduates had an AOR of 1.86 (95% CI 1.14, 3.04, p = .013). Individuals earning ≥ $20,000/year had an AOR of 2.74 (95% CI 1.68, 4.46, p < .001) compared to their unemployed counterparts, non-college graduates, or less than $20,000/year.

Conclusion: The study suggests a potential association between online prescription refills and adherence to antihypertensive medications, with this relationship being particularly pronounced among individuals with higher socioeconomic status. Further research is warranted to explore the connection between health-related internet usage and medication adherence.
Research on Bridge Damage Identification Method Based on Dynamic Characteristics
Authors: Liu Yapeng
Published: September 2023

The identification of bridge structural damage can be divided into four processes: determining whether there is damage, determining the location of the damage, determining the degree of damage, and evaluating the load-bearing capacity of the bridge structure after the damage occurs. The dynamic response data takes modal parameters as characteristic parameters, and the modal parameters of the bridge structure are independent of external loads, reflecting the structural characteristics of the structure itself. This article introduces five methods for damage identification based on dynamic characteristics, analyzes the identification principles, characteristics, and applications of each method, and summarizes their application conditions.
Wear‐Resistance of High‐Entropy Alloy Coatings and High‐Entropy Alloy‐Based Composite Coatings Prepared by the Laser Cladding Technology: A Review
Authors: Xie Haoyang , Tong Yanlin , Bai Yixuan , Li Xiaolin , Han Yinben , Hua Ke , Wang Haifeng
Published: September 2023

With the continuous development of the aviation and aerospace industries, there is an increasing demand for surface coatings that can enhance the wear‐resistance and lubricity of substrates. High‐entropy alloy (HEA) coatings and high‐entropy alloy‐based composite coatings (including ceramic and lubricating phases) have attracted large attention, which is due to their excellent properties. They have, therefore, developed rapidly in the past decade. This article reviews the current status of research on the tribological properties of the HEA coatings and HEA‐based composite coatings that have been prepared by laser cladding technology. The focus is then on the wear‐resistance and wear‐reduction mechanism of the coatings. Furthermore, the review analyzes the influence of element addition, atomic ratio change, and process parameters on the coating organization and properties. The problems that have to be solved in the development of tribology‐based HEAs coatings, and the expected future development of HEA the coatings, are also discussed.
Strengthening Mechanisms of Ti–Mg Composite for Biomaterials: A Review
Authors: Xue Jing , Luo Fang , Zhang Yali , Fang Yongjian , Jiang Xiaosong
Published: September 2023

Titanium (Ti) has been widely used in biomedical implants due to its excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility. However, the “stress shielding” effect greatly limits the application of titanium alloys in medical devices. Studies have shown that the incorporation of bioactive elements into the titanium alloy matrix is an effective way to impart specific biological functions to the material through the sustained release of biofunctional elements. Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys have good bioactivity and are potential candidates for biodegradable metal implants. Ti–Mg composites are of increasing interest for biomedical applications. However, the incompatibility between Ti and Mg, such as immiscibility and large melting point difference, has been a great obstacle in preparing Ti–Mg composites. In addition, the biocompatibility of Ti–Mg metal matrix composites in vivo still needs to be further investigated. Herein, the recent research progress of Ti–Mg composites for biomedical implants is reviewed, focusing on their preparation methods and properties. The preparation methods such as powder metallurgy technology and 3D printing are introduced in detail. In addition, the mechanical and corrosion resistance as well as biocompatibility of Ti–Mg composites are discussed. Based on this, the problems and development prospects of Ti–Mg metal matrix composites are presented.
Operating Lithium–Sulfur Batteries in an Ultrawide Temperature Range from ‒50 °C to 70 °C
Authors: Zhang Hui , Chen Jiawei , Li Zhi , Peng Yu , Xu Jie , Wang Yonggang
Published: September 2023

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries, boasting a high theoretical energy density, have garnered significant attention. However, their application across a wide temperature range remains hindered by the exacerbation of the polysulfide shuttle effect and sluggish reaction kinetics. Herein, this work designs a nanocomposite electrocatalyst consisting of Ni nanoparticles anchored onto carbon nanotubes (denoted as Ni@C/CNT) by directly carbonizing a metal‐organic framework/CNT (MOF/CNT) composite. This electrocatalyst is then coated onto a commercial separator, acting as a polysulfide trapper and kinetics accelerator for Li–S batteries. In this design, the Ni@C/CNT electrocatalyst features a uniform distribution of ultrafine Ni nanoparticles, derived from an MOF precursor with ordered metal sites, which facilitates polysulfide conversion at low temperature and chemisorption of polysulfides at high temperatures. Therefore, Ni@C/CNT‐modified cells can stably cycle across a wide temperature range, from ‒50 °C to 70 °C. They also demonstrate excellent performance with high‐sulfur loading (9.0 mg cm−2) at room temperature and exhibit an ultralow self‐discharge capacity attenuation of 2.59% after a 48‐h resting period. These promising results may guide the advanced design of Li–S batteries with broad operating‐temperature capabilities.
DNA Programmable Peroxidase Activity of Oxidized Polypyrrole Quantum Dots
Authors: Yang Wei , Leng Tianchi , Sun Hao , Miao Weicheng , Wang Xinyi , Xu Dou , Zhang Can , Fang Yimin
Published: September 2023

Significant progress has recently been made in the application of oxidized graphene (GO) quantum dots as enzyme mimics in various biomedical fields due to their bio‐compatibility and excellent solubility in physiological media. However, their catalytic performance and controllability are barely satisfactory. Here, this study constructs oxygen‐functionalized polypyrrole quantum dots (o‐ppy QDs) with excellent peroxidase activity in a mild condition. Compared with oxidized graphene QDs, o‐ppy QDs exhibit superior catalytic efficiency (120 times higher than HRP). More importantly, it is found that guanine (G) and adenine (A) bases possess higher binding affinities to o‐ppy QDs. G base is able to significantly increase the peroxidase activity while A base decreases the activity, providing a fascinating method to precisely regulate the catalytic activity of o‐ppy QDs in a programmable manner by the design of DNA sequences. The enhancement on the peroxidase by G base regulation is attributed to the existence of carbonyl group that promotes its catalytic activity, while A base tends to block the original carbonyl group on o‐ppy QDs. Based on this feature, a colorimetric and fluorescent dual‐mode biosensor for detecting DNA methylation is developed. This study holds significant theoretical and practical implications for the development of nanozymes and precise regulation of their catalytic activity.
Aloe Inspired Special Structure Hydrogel Pressure Sensor for Real‐Time Human‐Computer Interaction and Muscle Rehabilitation System
Authors: Liu Ruonan , Liu Yiying , Cheng Yugui , Liu He , Fu Simian , Jin Kaiming , Li Deliang , Fu Zhiwei , Han Yixuan , Wang Yanpeng , Tian Ye
Published: September 2023

In recent years, significant progress has been made in the research and development of conventional hydrogel sensors. However, the development of hydrogels with special structures, achieved through specific designs or fabrication strategies, remains relatively scarce. Inspired by aloe, a specially structured hydrogel (named Skin‐Polyvinyl alcohol‐Polyaniline‐AgNWs, S‐PPA) is successfully prepared with skin. Innovatively utilizing the hydrogen bonding interaction between ions and water molecules, the surface of the hydrogel is treated to create a protective skin. The S‐PPA hydrogel with a protective skin demonstrates strong resistance to damage (with a tensile strength of 5 MPa, >11 times higher compared to hydrogel without skin) and exhibits dual conductivity (0.8 S m−1 for the inner skin and 0.33 S m−1 for the outer skin). In addition, the S‐PPA hydrogel also possesses water retention capabilities, antibacterial properties (89.4% inhibition rate against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)), and minimal corrosion to metal electrodes. Based on the S‐PPA hydrogel and combined with wireless Bluetooth technology and Python programming, intelligent applications are developed such as multi‐gradient intelligent control and finger muscle condition evaluation, achieving real‐time human‐ computer interaction (HCI). The intelligent pressure‐sensitive hydrogel proposed by this study shows great potential in the fields of medical rehabilitation, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things.
Photoluminescence Mapping over Laser Pulse Fluence and Repetition Rate as a Fingerprint of Charge and Defect Dynamics in Perovskites
Authors: Rao Shraddha M. , Kiligaridis Alexander , Yangui Aymen , An Qingzhi , Vaynzof Yana , Scheblykin Ivan G.
Published: September 2023

Defects in metal halide perovskites (MHP) are photosensitive, making the observer effect unavoidable when laser spectroscopy methods are applied. Photoluminescence (PL) bleaching and enhancement under light soaking and recovery in dark are examples of the transient phenomena that are consequent to the creation and healing of defects. Depending on the initial sample composition, environment, and other factors, the defect nature and evolution can strongly vary, making spectroscopic data analysis prone to misinterpretations. Herein, the use of an automatically acquired dependence of PL quantum yield (PLQY) on the laser pulse repetition rate and pulse fluence as a unique fingerprint of both charge carrier dynamics and defect evolution is demonstrated. A simple visual comparison of such fingerprints allows for assessment of similarities and differences between MHP samples. The study illustrates this by examining methylammonium lead triiodide (MAPbI3) films with altered stoichiometry that just after preparation showed very pronounced defect dynamics at time scale from milliseconds to seconds, clearly distorting the PLQY fingerprint. Upon weeks of storage, the sample fingerprints evolve toward the standard stoichiometric MAPbI3 in terms of both charge carrier dynamics and defect stability. Automatic PLQY mapping can be used as a universal method for assessment of perovskite sample quality.
Asymmetric Contacts on Narrow‐Bandgap Black Phosphorus for Self‐Driven Broadband Photodetectors
Authors: Tang Kai , Yan Chaoyi , Du Xinchuan , Rao Gaofeng , Zhang Miao , Wang Yang , Wang Xianfu , Xiong Jie
Published: September 2023

Self‐driven broadband photodetectors based on two‐dimensional (2D) materials have attracted considerable interest for their outstanding optoelectronic properties. Asymmetric contact induced potential barrier on 2D narrow‐bandgap materials is a feasible scheme for self‐driven broadband photodetectors, but has not been constructed untill now due to the band structure mismatch of the channel and metal electrodes. Herein, a self‐driven broadband photodetector is reported covering from visible to infrared spectrum by well designing the band structure of the Cr/BP/WTe2 heterostructure with asymmetric contact architecture, constructing a huge potential barrier at the two ends of the black phosphorus (BP) channel due to the perfect ohmic and Schottky contacts at the WTe2‐BP and Cr‐BP interfaces, respectively. The as‐fabricated device exhibits responsivity of ∼283 and ∼193 mA/W under 532 and 1550 nm illumination, respectively, under zero bias with corresponding detectivity of ∼2.3×1011 and ∼1.2×1011 Jones. The results demonstrate that the well‐designed band structure can be adopted to construct ideal Schottky and ohmic contact on 2D narrow‐bandgap materials to realize a self‐driven broadband photodetector. These findings highlight a simple and novel strategy for constructing predesigned band structure for further electronic and optoelectronic applications.
Supramolecular Two‐Photon Switch for Near‐Infrared (NIR) Cell Imaging
Authors: Yu Jie , Niu Jie , Wang Hui , Wang Cong‐Hui , Liu Yu
Published: September 2023

A light controllable two‐photon near‐infrared (NIR) optical probe is conveniently constructed by multivalent supramolecular co‐assembly of amphiphilic sulfonatocalix[4]arene (SC4A), tricationic triphenylamine (TPA), and diarylethene derivative (DE). The obtained results indicate that the formed SC4A/TPA nanoparticle displays assemble‐confined behaviors and enhances the two‐photon excited NIR emission. Benefiting from the reversible ring‐opened and closed behaviors of the DE under 365 and > 600 nm light irradiation, the dicationic DE in the assembly could act as an energy acceptor after 365 nm light irradiation, then the co‐assembly of SC4A/TPA/DE could achieve a NIR fluorescence ON and OFF switch and is successfully applied in HeLa cell imaging, providing a convenient approach to supramolecular two‐photon switch for cell imaging.
Non‐Halogen Solvent Processed Binary Organic Solar Cells with Efficiency of 19% and Module Efficiency Over 15% Enabled by Asymmetric Alkyl Chain Engineering
Authors: Zhong Zuiyi , Chen Shihao , Zhao Ju , Xie Juxuan , Zhang Kai , Jia Tao , Zhu Chang , Jing Jianhua , Liang Youcai , Hong Ling , Zhu Shengtian , Ma Dongge , Huang Fei
Published: September 2023

The effective molecular design of non‐fullerene acceptors is important to high‐efficiency organic solar cells. Herein, asymmetric alkyl chain engineering is applied to design a new acceptor named DTC11. Compared with the model accpetor DTY6 with two long‐branched alkyl chains (2‐decyltetradecyl) on dithie‐nothiophen[3.2‐b]‐pyrrolobenzothiadiazole central unit, DTC11 owns a 2‐decyltetradecyl chain and an undecyl chain in the inner bay side of the central unit. It is found that with such modification of asymmetric long alkyl side chains, the crystallinity, absorption coefficient, and exciton lifetime of DTC11 are all improved. Moreover, in comparison with D18:DTY6 device, non‐halogen solvent processed D18:DTC11 device shows enhanced exciton generation and dissociation, improved charge transport as well as weak recombination, promoting higher short‐circuit current density and fill factor. Consequently, D18:DTC11 device delivers an outstanding efficiency of 19.0%. More significantly, non‐halogen solvent processed D18:DTC11 large‐area module (active area 21 cm2) is fabricated by blade coating, and an impressive efficiency of 15.4% with fill factor of 74.6% is realized. This study demonstrates that the asymmetric alkyl chain engineering is a feasible strategy to design non‐fullerene acceptor with high‐performance and non‐halogen solvent processability, which are very essential for the commercialization of large‐area module.
Amniotic fluid volume and pregnancy outcomes in twin pregnancies: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Whitcombe Dayna , Magann Everett , Steelman Susan , Hu Zhuopei , Ounpraseuth Songthip
Published: September 2023

Objective

To analyse amniotic fluid volume (AFV), specifically oligohydramnios or polyhydramnios, and associated pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in twin gestations through systematic review and meta‐analysis.

Methods

We utilised systematic review methodology to identify items within published and grey literature resources. Prospective and retrospective studies with a control group were included. Inclusion criteria were as follows: studies in English, twin pregnancy in which AFVs and associated pregnancy and/or neonatal outcomes were evaluated. Exclusion criteria included the presence of an anomalous fetus, chromosome abnormality, monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy complicated by twin–twin transfusion syndrome or twin‐reversed arterial perfusion, twin gestations undergoing therapeutic interventions (i.e. fetoscopic laser photocoagulation and serial amniocentesis) and monochorionic monoamniotic twin pregnancy.

Results

The literature search identified 1068 abstracts, only four met criteria for inclusion and analysis. The pooled data (two studies per outcome) revealed no significant difference in rate of pre‐term delivery (OR: 2.94; CI: 0.20–43.81), pre‐term delivery less than 32 weeks (OR: 1.97; CI: 0.43–9.12), umbilical cord pH < 7 (OR: 2.66; CI: 0.22–32.51), rate of stillbirth (OR: 4.13; CI: 0.40–42.70), neonatal death (OR: 1.48; CI: 0.05–43.94), rate of NICU admission (OR: 1.38; CI: 0.61–3.11) or rate of small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) infants (OR: 1.39; CI: 0.33–5.94).

Conclusion

Based on the pooled data (two studies per outcome), there was no difference in the fate of pre‐term delivery, umbilical cord pH < 7, stillbirth, neonatal death or SGA infants. What is disturbing is the lack of studies (1946–2020) that analysed the association between AFV and pregnancy outcomes in twin pregnancies.
Surface grafting stearic acid to the coupling agent on attapulgite: A reinforced filler in castor oil‐based polyurethane coating
Authors: Wang Shiping , Shen Lushen , Yang Honglin , Cai Guohui , Lei Ganchang , Shen Lijuan , Zhan Yingying , Jiang Lilong
Published: September 2023

Developing economic controlled‐release fertilizers (CRFs) with superior performance is an ongoing and important research area. This work investigated the co‐modification of acid‐activated attapulgite (ac‐AT) to optimize its surface properties for polyurethane (PU) composite applications, specifically in the coatings of CRFs. The modified ac‐AT (MAT) rods were obtained through treatment with 2.0 wt.% KH‐560 coupling agent and in‐situ grafting with stearic acid (SA). Varying the addition amount of SA resulted in the synthesis of different MAT fillers. Along with the adjustment of the filling amount, the properties of the MAT/PU composites were controlled. Notably, applying 1.5 wt.% SA onto the KH‐560 treated ac‐AT produced MAT with a contact angle of 100.8°, enhancing hydrophobicity and dispersion within the PU matrix. Furthermore, at a filling amount of 9.0 wt.%, the MAT/PU composite exhibited the most favorable properties with a tensile strength of 2.37 MPa, making it the optimal coating for CRFs with 75% nutrient release within 46 days while the coating efficiency was 3.0 wt.%. This co‐modification approach shows great potential in enhancing filler properties and promoting their application in organic coatings.
Synthesis and performance evaluation of novel soybean oil‐based plasticisers for polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
Authors: Burns Katharine , Ingram Ian D. V. , Potgieter Johannes H. , Potgieter‐Vermaak Sanja
Published: September 2023

Novel bio‐based plasticisers for polyvinyl chloride (PVC) are a significant and growing area of interest. These compounds aim to replace toxic and petrochemical additives in commonly used plastic products. Plasticisers can comprise as much as 50% of the total mass of the PVC product. Epoxidised soybean oil (ESBO) is a commercially available bio‐based plasticizer that is typically used at lower levels than traditional phthalates in PVC compounds because it does not show equivalent performance to existing phthalate plasticisers. Four derivatives of ESBO have been synthesized through reaction at the epoxide rings. These compounds have been evaluated in PVC formulations and compared to current petrochemical plasticisers, as well as ESBO. The product of methoxy polyethylene glycol and ESBO shows good plasticising ability, giving a PVC compound with higher tensile strength and elongation than dioctyl phthalate (DOP) and a lower glass transition temperature (Tg) than with the use of ESBO.
Twofold Mechanosensitivity Ensures Actin Cortex Reinforcement upon Peaks in Mechanical Tension
Authors: Ruffine Valentin , Hartmann Andreas , Frenzel Annika , Schlierf Michael , Fischer‐Friedrich Elisabeth
Published: September 2023

The actin cortex is an active polymer network underneath the plasma membrane at the periphery of mammalian cells. It is a major regulator of cell shape through the generation of active cortical tension. In addition, the cortex constitutes a mechanical shield that protects the cell during mechanical agitation. Cortical mechanics is tightly controlled by the presence of actin cross‐linking proteins that dynamically bind and unbind actin filaments. Cross‐linker actin bonds are weak non‐covalent bonds whose bond lifetime is likely affected by mechanical tension in the actin cortex making cortical composition inherently mechanosensitive. Here, a quantitative study of changes in cortex composition and turnover dynamics upon short‐lived peaks in active and passive mechanical tension in mitotic HeLa cells is presented. These findings dsclose a twofold mechanical reinforcement strategy of the cortex upon tension peaks entailing i) a direct catch‐bond mechanosensitivity of cross‐linkers filamin and α‐actinin and ii) an indirect cortical mechanosensitivity that triggers actin cortex reinforcement via enhanced polymerization of actin. Thereby a “molecular safety belt” mechanism that protects the cortex from injury upon mechanical challenges is disclosed.
Photo‐ und Halbleitfähigkeit von Festkörpern isomerer und tautomerer Moleküle. II. Photoleitfähigkeit von 1‐Benzolazo‐2‐naphthol
Authors: Rau Hermann
Published: September 2023

Dünne Schichten von 1‐Benzolazo‐2‐naphthol zeigen starke Photoeffekte der Oberflächenleitfähigkeit. Aktions‐ und Absorptionsspektrum stimmen nur im Sichtbaren überein, im UV‐Gebiet steigt die Photoleitfähigkeit steil an. Dies wird mit großen Raumladungseffekten in der Oberfläche erklärt. Unter deren Berücksichtigung ist das Aktionsspektrum dem Absorptionsspektrum der Hydrazonform ähnlich. Die Beteiligung der beiden Formen des Moleküls an der Photoleitung wird diskutiert. Das Photostrom‐Zeit‐Verhalten ist ebenfalls durch Raumladungen bestimmt. Da diese zeitlich sehr stabil sind, wird die 1‐Benzolazo‐2‐naphthol‐Oberflächenzelle auf ihre Eignung als reversibler optischer Informationsspeicher untersucht.
Untersuchung von Primärprozessen an gasförmigem Schwefelwasserstoff mit Hilfe der Pulsradiolyse
Authors: Perner D. , Franken Th.
Published: September 2023

Die wesentlichen Reaktionen der durch Pulsradiolyse im H2S erzeugten kurzlebigen Zwischenprodukte wurden direkt oder indirekt durch kinetische Spektroskopie in reinem H2S und in verschiedenen Gemischen von H2S mit Zusätzen verfolgt. Mit Hilfe dieser Informationen wurde ein Mechanismus für die H2S‐Zersetzung aufgestellt. Die Geschwindigkeitskonstanten k = (7,7 ± 1,5) · 108 1 mol−1 sec−1 und kSH+SH = (3,2 ± 0,3) · 1010 1 mol−1 sec−1 wurden gemessen.

Daneben wurden noch absolute Geschwindigkeitskonstanten für die Reaktionen des SH‐Radikals mit 1.3‐Butadien, 1.4‐Cyclohexadien, Allen, Cyclohexen, Vinylchlorid, Äthylenoxid, Acetylen, 1‐Buten, Benzol und H2S2 bestimmt.