bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expression and Therapeutic Potential of SOX9 in Chordoma
Authors: Chen Hua , Garbutt Cassandra C. , Spentzos Dimitrios , Choy Edwin , Hornicek Francis J. , Duan Zhenfeng
Published: June 2017

Purpose: Conventional chemotherapeutic agents are ineffective in the treatment of chordoma. We investigated the functional roles and therapeutic relevance of the sex-determining region Y (SRY)-box 9 (SOX9) in chordoma.

Experimental Design: SOX9 expression was examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using 50 chordoma tissue samples. SOX9 expression in chordoma cell lines was examined by Western blot and immunofluorescent assays. We used synthetic human SOX9 siRNA to inhibit the expression of SOX9. Cell proliferation ability and cytotoxicity of inhibiting SOX9 were assessed by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and clonogenic assays. The effect of SOX9 knockdown on chordoma cell motility was evaluated by a wound-healing assay and a Transwell invasion chamber assay. Knockdown of SOX9 induced apoptosis, cell-cycle arrest, as well as decreased expression of cancer stem cell markers were determined by Western blot and flow cytometric assays. The effect of the combination of SOX9 siRNA and the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin/cisplatin on chordoma cells was assessed by an MTT assay.

Results: Tissue microarray and IHC analysis showed that SOX9 is broadly expressed in chordomas and that higher expression levels of SOX9 correlated with a poor prognosis. RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated knockdown of SOX9 inhibited chordoma cell growth, decreased cell motility, and induced apoptosis as well as cell-cycle arrest. Moreover, the combination of SOX9 inhibition and chemotherapeutic drugs had an enhanced anti-cancer effect on chordoma cells.

Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that SOX9 plays a crucial role in chordoma. Targeting SOX9 provides a new rationale for treatment of chordoma. Clin Cancer Res; 23(17); 5176–86. ©2017 AACR.
Single-Cell Dynamics Determines Response to CDK4/6 Inhibition in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Asghar Uzma S. , Barr Alexis R. , Cutts Ros , Beaney Matthew , Babina Irina , Sampath Deepak , Giltnane Jennifer , Lacap Jennifer Arca , Crocker Lisa , Young Amy , Pearson Alex , Herrera-Abreu Maria Teresa , Bakal Chris , Turner Nicholas C.
Published: June 2017

Purpose: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous subgroup of breast cancer that is associated with a poor prognosis. We evaluated the activity of CDK4/6 inhibitors across the TNBC subtypes and investigated mechanisms of sensitivity.

Experimental Design: A panel of cell lines representative of TNBC was tested for in vitro and in vivo sensitivity to CDK4/6 inhibition. A fluorescent CDK2 activity reporter was used for single-cell analysis in conjunction with time-lapse imaging.

Results: The luminal androgen receptor (LAR) subtype of TNBC was highly sensitive to CDK4/6 inhibition both in vitro (P < 0.001 LAR vs. basal-like) and in vivo in MDA-MB-453 LAR cell line xenografts. Single-cell analysis of CDK2 activity demonstrated differences in cell-cycle dynamics between LAR and basal-like cells. Palbociclib-sensitive LAR cells exit mitosis with low levels of CDK2 activity, into a quiescent state that requires CDK4/6 activity for cell-cycle reentry. Palbociclib-resistant basal-like cells exit mitosis directly into a proliferative state, with high levels of CDK2 activity, bypassing the restriction point and the requirement for CDK4/6 activity. High CDK2 activity after mitosis is driven by temporal deregulation of cyclin E1 expression. CDK4/6 inhibitors were synergistic with PI3 kinase inhibitors in PIK3CA-mutant TNBC cell lines, extending CDK4/6 inhibitor sensitivity to additional TNBC subtypes.

Conclusions: Cell-cycle dynamics determine the response to CDK4/6 inhibition in TNBC. CDK4/6 inhibitors, alone and in combination, are a novel therapeutic strategy for specific subgroups of TNBC. Clin Cancer Res; 23(18); 5561–72. ©2017 AACR.
Evaluation of Tumor-Derived Exosomal miRNA as Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers for Early-Stage Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Using Next-Generation Sequencing
Authors: Jin Xiance , Chen Yanfan , Chen Hanbin , Fei Shaoran , Chen Didi , Cai Xiaona , Liu Linger , Lin Baochai , Su Huafang , Zhao Lihao , Su Meng , Pan Huanle , Shen Lanxiao , Xie Deyao , Xie Congying
Published: June 2017

Purpose: To identify tumor-derived exosomal biomarkers that are able to discriminate between adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) as a noninvasive method in the early diagnosis of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Experimental Design: Tumor-derived exosomes from the plasma of early-stage NSCLC patients were isolated. Exosomal miRNA profiling of 46 stage I NSCLC patients and 42 healthy individuals was performed using miRNA-seq to identify and validate adenocarcinoma- and SCC-specific miRNAs. The diagnostic accuracy of select miRNAs was tested further with an additional 60 individuals.

Results: There were 11 and 6 miRNAs expressed at remarkably higher levels, 13 and 8 miRNAs expressed at lower levels in adenocarcinoma and SCC patients, respectively, compared with healthy volunteers. Distinct adenocarcinoma- and SCC-specific exosomal miRNAs were validated. The reliability of miRNA-seq data was verified with several demonstrated diagnostic potential miRNAs for NSCLC and other carcinomas, as reported in previous studies, such as let-7, miR-21, miR-24, and miR-486. The results indicated that miR-181-5p, miR-30a-3p, miR-30e-3p, and miR-361-5p were adenocarcinoma-specific, and miR-10b-5p, miR-15b-5p, and miR-320b were SCC-specific. The diagnostic accuracy of three combination miRNA panels was evaluated using an AUC value of 0.899, 0.936, and 0.911 for detecting NSCLC, adenocarcinoma, and SCC, respectively.

Conclusions: Tumor-derived exosomal miRNAs, adenocarcinoma-specific miR-181-5p, miR-30a-3p, miR-30e-3p and miR-361-5p, and SCC-specific miR-10b-5p, miR-15b-5p, and miR-320b were observed by next-generation sequencing, and their diagnostic accuracy were verified. These miRNAs may be promising and effective candidates in the development of highly sensitive, noninvasive biomarkers for early NSCLC diagnosis. Clin Cancer Res; 23(17); 5311–9. ©2017 AACR.
Financial Implication of Radioactive Iodine Therapy for Early-Stage Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Al-Qurayshi Zaid , Bu Ali Daniah , Srivastav Sudesh , Kandil Emad
Published: June 2017

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate disease-specific survival and cost related to radioactive iodine therapy (RAI) utilization in patients with early-stage papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, 2004-2012. Results: A total of 38,374 patients with PTC were identified. Of those, 56.3% had adjuvant RAI. RAI administration was not associated with a survival advantage in patients with PTC stage I (hazard ratio [HR] 1.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.11, 14.54; p = 0.85) or stage II (HR 0.50, 95% CI 0.05, 4.88; p = 0.55). Patients with PTC stage III who underwent adjuvant RAI had an improved survival (HR 0.30, 95% CI 0.10, 0.91; p = 0.033). In 2012, RAI was used in 45.5% of patients with stage I and in 71.4% of patients with stage II. The total expenditure on adjuvant RAI for PTC stage I throughout the study period was estimated to be USD 82.3 million with an annual average of USD 9.1 (±2.0) million/year. If the decline rate in the utilization of RAI continued, the model projected that the annual expenditure would decrease by USD 0.14 million/year. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of adjuvant RAI utilization for early-stage PTC that is causing financial burden on the health system with no evidence of survival benefit.
Transcatheter Treatment of Aortopulmonary Window with a Symmetrical Membranous Ventricular Septal Occluder
Authors: Xu Hai-Xia , Zheng Dong-Dong , Pan Min , Li Xiao-Fei
Published: June 2017

Aortopulmonary window (APW), the presence of a communication between aorta and pulmonary artery, is a rare congenital heart disease, and surgical intervention is the standard for closure. Recently, several cases have been treated with transcatheter device occluders. Here, we report an APW patient treated successfully using a transcatheter closure with a symmetrical membranous ventricular septal occluder. We are the first to report on a case treated with this type of occluder for APW.
An Atypical Localized Form of Hidradenitis Suppurativa of the Jawline and Neck Mimicking Severe Cystic Acne on Presentation
Authors: Castrillón Velásquez María Adriana , Kim Minhee , Tan Mei-Heng , Tran Kim , Murrell Dedee F.
Published: June 2017

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic and debilitating suppurative disease primarily affecting the axillae, perineum, and inframammary regions, where apocrine sweat glands are present. However, HS can occur in atypical locations. We present an interesting case of a 40-year-old man who developed chronic painful subcutaneous nodules, deep sinus tracts, and abscesses involving the jawline and the anterior aspect of the neck as the only parts of the body affected and who responded satisfactorily to adalimumab and laser hair removal treatment. This case is relevant because it helps clinicians to remember that HS may be isolated to atypical locations, such as the anterior aspect of the neck and chin. It also supports another possible HS pathogenesis which consists of the occlusion of terminal hair follicles rather than being essentially a disorder of the apocrine glands.
The Dendritic Cell Receptor DNGR-1 Promotes the Development of Atherosclerosis in Mice
Authors: Haddad Yacine , Lahoute Charlotte , Clément Marc , Laurans Ludivine , Metghalchi Sarvenaz , Zeboudj Lynda , Giraud Andreas , Loyer Xavier , Vandestienne Marie , Wain-Hobson Julien , Esposito Bruno , Potteaux Stephane , Ait-Oufella Hafid , Tedgui Alain , Mallat Ziad , Taleb Soraya
Published: June 2017

Rationale:

Necrotic core formation during the development of atherosclerosis is associated with a chronic inflammatory response and promotes accelerated plaque development and instability. However, the molecular links between necrosis and the development of atherosclerosis are not completely understood. Clec9a (C-type lectin receptor) or DNGR-1 (dendritic cell NK lectin group receptor-1) is preferentially expressed by the CD8α
+
subset of dendritic cells (CD8α
+
DCs) and is involved in sensing necrotic cells. We hypothesized that sensing of necrotic cells by DNGR-1 plays a determinant role in the inflammatory response of atherosclerosis.

Objective:

We sought to address the impact of total, bone marrow–restricted, or CD8α
+
DC–restricted deletion of DNGR-1 on atherosclerosis development.

Methods and Results:

We show that total absence of DNGR-1 in Apoe (apolipoprotein e)–deficient mice (
Apoe
−/−
) and bone marrow–restricted deletion of DNGR-1 in Ldlr (low-density lipoprotein receptor)–deficient mice (
Ldlr
−/−
) significantly reduce inflammatory cell content within arterial plaques and limit atherosclerosis development in a context of moderate hypercholesterolemia. This is associated with a significant increase of the expression of interleukin-10 (IL-10). The atheroprotective effect of DNGR-1 deletion is completely abrogated in the absence of bone marrow–derived IL-10. Furthermore, a specific deletion of DNGR-1 in CD8α
+
DCs significantly increases IL-10 expression, reduces macrophage and T-cell contents within the lesions, and limits the development of atherosclerosis.

Conclusions:

Our results unravel a new role of DNGR-1 in regulating vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis and potentially identify a new target for disease modulation.
Role of the Primary Cilia on the Macula Densa and Thick Ascending Limbs in Regulation of Sodium Excretion and Hemodynamics
Authors: Song Jiangping , Wang Lei , Fan Fan , Wei Jin , Zhang Jie , Lu Yan , Fu Yiling , Wang Shaohui , Juncos Luis A. , Liu Ruisheng
Published: June 2017

We investigated the significance of the primary cilia on the macula densa and thick ascending limb (TAL) in regulation of renal hemodynamics, sodium excretion, and blood pressure in this study. A tissue-specific primary cilia knock-out (KO) mouse line was generated by crossing NKCC2-Cre mice with IFT88-Δ/flox mice (NKCC2
CRE
; IFT88Δ
/flox
), in which the primary cilia were deleted from the macula densa and TAL. NO generation was measured with a fluorescent dye (4,5-diaminofluorescein diacetate) in isolated perfused juxtaglomerular apparatus. Deletion of the cilia reduced NO production by 56% and 42% in the macula densa and TAL, respectively. NO generation by the macula densa was inhibited by both a nonselective and a selective nitric oxide synthesis inhibitors, whereas TAL-produced NO was inhibited by a nonselective and not by a selective NO synthesis 1 inhibitor. The tubuloglomerular feedback response was enhanced in the KO mice both in vitro measured with isolated perfused juxtaglomerular apparatuses and in vivo measured with micropuncture. In response to an acute volume expansion, the KO mice exhibited limited glomerular filtration rate elevation and impaired sodium excretion compared with the wild-type mice. The mean arterial pressure measured with telemetry was the same for wild-type and KO mice fed a normal salt diet. After a high salt diet, the mean arterial pressure increased by 17.4±1.6 mm Hg in the KO mice. On the basis of these findings, we concluded that the primary cilia on the macula densa and TAL play an essential role in the control of sodium excretion and blood pressure.
Archaic Verbal Conjugations in Exod. 15.2–18, 21 and Deut. 32.1–43: Their Rendering in the Targums
Authors: Tsolin Dmytro
Published: June 2017

Rendering Hebrew archaic verbal forms was a challenging task for the targumists who translated biblical poetry into Aramaic. Their translational technique reveals at least three aspects of morphosyntax of the verbs in the poetical discourse in Middle and Late Aramaic: a) diachronic shifts in the use of suffix (qtl) and prefix (yqtl) conjugations; b) an influence of the interpretation and the practice of oral recitation of the targums on the choice of verbal forms; and c) correlation between semantic connotations of the verbal conjugations and their aesthetic functions. In some cases, the authors of the targums simplified the semantic spectrum of the archaic conjugations in the parallel verse structure, but in others they attempted to render these verbal forms correctly. Their choice was caused by both interpretative and aesthetic tasks.
Neo-Mandaic as a Source of Hitherto Unattested Mandaic Words
Authors: Mutzafi Hezy
Published: June 2017

Neo-Mandaic (NM) is the least known Neo-Aramaic language, despite recent progress in investigations of its grammar and lexicon. Lexicographical coverage of NM is still particularly replete with lacunae, as many of the language’s lexical items and lexical peculiarities remain beyond common scholarly knowledge. The present contribution discusses several hitherto unknown or misrepresented NM lexemes. Ten of these are inherited from pre-modern Mandaic antecedents that are, as far as can be established, not manifest in classical and post-classical Mandaic textual sources. Most of these inherited lexical items are of Aramaic origin, whereas a few are of ultimate Iranian provenance.
The Lexicon of Targum Song of Songs and Aramaic Dialectology
Authors: Litke Andrew W.
Published: June 2017

Targum Song of Songs contains words from several Aramaic dialects which seemingly should not coexist. This paper is an analysis of the Targum’s lexicon with particular attention given to the dialectal status of each word, and by extension the text as a whole. It is argued that the targumist primarily draws upon words from Targums Onqelos and Jonathan. A second layer of influence includes words from targumic Jewish Palestinian Aramaic, and while words from the Babylonian Talmud and Biblical Aramaic are attested, they are not as influential on the overall lexicon. Finally, given the Targum’s dependence on literary texts that happen to be written in different dialects, it is argued that some terms only attested in Targum Song of Songs and other Late Jewish Literary Aramaic texts may give evidence to literary texts or traditions that have not survived.
Re-identification of the material of Neocallichirus maryae Karasawa, 2004 from Ceará, northeastern Brazil, with the first record of N. cacahuate Felder & Manning, 1995 in the southwestern Atlantic
Authors: PACHELLE PAULO P.G. , ANKER ARTHUR , BEZERRA LUIS E.A.
Published: June 2017

In July 2016, an important regional checklist entitled “Decapod crustaceans from the state of Ceará, northeastern Brazil: an updated checklist of marine and estuarine species, with 23 new records” was published in the journal Zootaxa (Pachelle et al. 2016). A few days after publication of this monograph, two of our colleagues specialised in the taxonomy of ghost and mud shrimps (Axiidea and Gebiidea), Dr Mônica Botter-Carvalho (UFRPE) and Dr Peter C. Dworschak (NHMW), informed us that the material reported under Neocallichirus maryae Karasawa, 2004 appeared to contain more than one species. Their comments were based on examination of colour photographs showing several specimens identified as N. maryae in Pachelle et al. (2016)’s figure 21. This prompted a re-examination of the material from Ceará identified as N. maryae, including all specimens reported by Pachelle et al. (2016). Despite the fact that most of them were correctly identified as N. maryae, two individuals (MZUSP 32610, 32615) were re-identified as Sergio guassutinga (Rodrigues, 1971) [as indeed suggested by M. Botter-Carvalho and P.C. Dworschak] and Neocallichirus cacahuate Felder & Manning, 1995, respectively. The former species is a new record for the state of Ceará, whilst the latter species represents a new record not only for Ceará, but also for Brazil and the southwestern Atlantic.
New species and records of heterostigmatic mites (Acari: Prostigmata: Heterostigmata) phoretic on scarabaeid dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) from northwestern Iran
Authors: SOBHI MOHAMMAD , HAJIQANBAR HAMIDREZA , MORTAZAVI AZIM
Published: June 2017

Four species of heterostigmatic mites (Acari: Heterostigmata: Dolichocybidae, Neopygmephoridae, Pygmephoridae) associated with scarabaeid dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) are recorded from northwestern Iran. One of these is a new species, Pavania khiavensis Sobhi & Hajiqanbar sp. nov. (Dolichocybidae), described from under the metanotum of Euoniticellus fulvus. Other collected mites are as follows: Pavania gymnopleuri Hajiqanbar & Khaustov, 2010 (Dolichocybidae), Troxodania decumanus (Krczal, 1959) (Neopygmephoridae) and Pseudopygmephorellus szekessyi (Mahunka, 1970) (Pygmephoridae). The genus Troxodania is recorded for the first time from western Asia. New host beetle records are documented and a key to world species of the genus Pavania associated with scarabaeid beetles is also presented.
Accessibility planning in American metropolitan areas: Are we there yet?
Authors: Proffitt David G , Bartholomew Keith , Ewing Reid , Miller Harvey J
Published: June 2017

Transportation-planning researchers have long argued that the end goal of a transportation system is increasing accessibility, or opportunities for individuals to meet their daily needs, but that US practice tends to focus on increasing mobility, or opportunities to travel farther and faster. This study finds evidence that the gap between theory and practice may be closing when it comes to accessibility, but that significant barriers still exist to the wider adoption of the accessibility paradigm among metropolitan planning organisations, the main entities responsible for regional transportation planning in the USA. We measure this gap by creating an accessibility index based on content analysis of a nationally representative sample of 42 US regional transportation plans (RTPs). We then use regression-tree analysis to determine the characteristics of metropolitan areas that are most likely to employ accessibility concepts. Finally, we identify barriers to a wider adoption of the accessibility paradigm. Most RTPs include accessibility-related goals, but few define the term or use accessibility-oriented performance measures. The lack of clarity on accessibility leaves vehicle speed as the fundamental criterion for success in most plans. Our analysis finds that MPOs serving large regions with high per capita income are the most likely to produce plans that focus on accessibility. We argue that such places produce more accessibility-oriented RTPs because they have greater planning capacity and recommend changes to federal planning guidelines that could speed the adoption of the accessibility paradigm in RTPs.
Tumor Metabolism in the Microenvironment of Nodal Metastasis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Curry Joseph , Tassone Patrick , Gill Kurren , Tuluc Madalina , BarAd Voichita , Mollaee Mehri , Whitaker‐Menezes Diana , Rodeck Ulrich , Luginbuhl Adam , Cognetti David , Keane William , Martinez‐Outschoorn Ubaldo
Published: June 2017

Objective

In many cancers, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), different regions within a tumor have different metabolic phenotypes. Transfer of metabolites between compartments promotes tumor growth and aggressive behavior. Metabolic compartmentalization in HNSCC nodal metastases has not been studied, nor has its impact on extracapsular extension or clinical outcomes been determined.

Study Design

Retrospective analysis based on immunohistochemistry staining.

Setting

Tertiary care center.

Subjects and Methods

Primary tumors and nodal metastases from 34 surgically treated oral cavity HNSCC patients with extracapsular extension (ECE) were stained for monocarboyxlate transporter (MCT) 4, MCT1, translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20, and Ki‐67. Strength of staining was assessed using a computer‐assisted pathology algorithm. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) scores along with clinical factors were used to predict disease‐free survival (DFS).

Results

Patterns of IHC staining showed metabolic compartmentalization both at the primary tumor sites and in nodal metastases. MCT4 staining in the perinodal stroma was significantly higher in specimens with ECE greater than 1 mm (macro‐ECE, P =. 01). Patients with high perinodal MCT4 staining were compared with those with low perinodal MCT4 staining. On multivariate analysis, only high perinodal MCT4 staining had a significant impact on DFS (P =. 02); patients with high perinodal MCT4 had worse survival. DFS was not significantly worsened by advancing T stage, N stage, ECE extent, or perineural invasion.

Conclusion

Oral HNSCC displays compartmentalized tumor metabolism at both primary and metastases. Greater cancer‐associated stromal conversion around ECE, denoted by high stromal MCT4, may be a biomarker for aggressive disease and worsened DFS.
Safety of Repeated‐Dose Intratympanic Injections with AM‐101 in Acute Inner Ear Tinnitus
Authors: Staecker Hinrich , Morelock Michael , Kramer Timothy , Chrbolka Pavel , Ahn Joong Ho , Meyer Thomas
Published: June 2017

Objective

To evaluate the safety and tolerability of repeated intratympanic administration of the gel‐formulated NMDA receptor antagonist AM‐101 in acute patients with inner ear tinnitus.

Study Design

Prospective, double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled study.

Setting

Sixty‐nine secondary and tertiary sites in North America, Europe, and Asia.

Subjects and Methods

In total, 343 subjects with persistent acute tinnitus after traumatic cochlear injury or otitis media were randomized to receive 3 intratympanic doses of either AM‐101 0.87 mg/mL or placebo over 3 to 5 days. They were followed for 84 days. The primary safety end point was the incidence of a clinically meaningful hearing deterioration from baseline to study day 35. Further safety assessments included tympanic membrane closure rates, analysis of adverse events, hematology, blood chemistry, and vital signs. In addition, data were collected on applied anesthetics and injection techniques.

Results

The treatment was well tolerated, with no intervention‐related serious adverse events. The incidence of clinically meaningful hearing deterioration was low, comparable between treatment groups (P =. 82 for the primary safety end point) and not different between treated and untreated ears in unilaterally treated subjects. The rate of treatment and procedure‐related adverse events was similar among treatment groups. The tympanic membrane was closed in 92% of subjects within 1 week and in all subjects by study day 84. Blood values and vital signs were inconspicuous.

Conclusion

Repeated intratympanic injections of AM‐101 over a 3‐ to 5‐day period appear to be safe and well tolerated, demonstrating the ability to potentially use this delivery approach over longer time periods.
Tympanic Membrane and Ossicular‐Sparing Modified Lateral Temporal Bone Resection
Authors: Ghavami Yaser , Haidar Yarah M. , Maducdoc Marlon , Tjoa Tjoson , Moshtaghi Omid , Lin Harrison W. , Djalilian Hamid R.
Published: June 2017

A modified lateral temporal bone resection (mLTBR) is a unique technique that spares the tympanic membrane (TM) and ossicles in select patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCCa). The records of 5 patients with SCCa of the temporal bone with negative frozen‐section biopsy at the tympanic annulus were reviewed. The mean follow‐up time for the patients was 29.2 months. One patient received postoperative radiation due to cervical nodal extracapsular spread. All patients were recurrence free as of the most recent follow‐up (range, 8‐50 months). Postoperative audiometry demonstrated an average conductive hearing loss of 9 dB (range, 0‐17 dB). The mLTBR with sparing of the TM can be an effective alternative to the traditional lateral temporal bone resection (LTBR) with better hearing results for patients with SCCa involving the bony external auditory canal. In the short term, oncologic results of mLTBR appear equivalent to the LTBR. However, long‐term follow‐up is needed for >5‐year outcomes.
Resting state connectivity between default mode network and insula encodes acute migraine headache
Authors: Coppola Gianluca , Di Renzo Antonio , Tinelli Emanuele , Di Lorenzo Cherubino , Scapeccia Marco , Parisi Vincenzo , Serrao Mariano , Evangelista Maurizio , Ambrosini Anna , Colonnese Claudio , Schoenen Jean , Pierelli Francesco
Published: June 2017

Background

Previous functional MRI studies have revealed that ongoing clinical pain in different chronic pain syndromes is directly correlated to the connectivity strength of the resting default mode network (DMN) with the insula. Here, we investigated seed-based resting state DMN-insula connectivity during acute migraine headaches.

Methods

Thirteen migraine without aura patients (MI) underwent 3 T MRI scans during the initial six hours of a spontaneous migraine attack, and were compared to a group of 19 healthy volunteers (HV). We evaluated headache intensity with a visual analogue scale and collected seed-based MRI resting state data in the four core regions of the DMN: Medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), and left and right inferior parietal lobules (IPLs), as well as in bilateral insula.

Results

Compared to HV, MI patients showed stronger functional connectivity between MPFC and PCC, and between MPFC and bilateral insula. During migraine attacks, the strength of MPFC-to-insula connectivity was negatively correlated with pain intensity.

Conclusion

We show that greater subjective intensity of pain during a migraine attack is associated with proportionally weaker DMN-insula connectivity. This is at variance with other chronic extra-cephalic pain disorders where the opposite was found, and may thus be a hallmark of acute migraine head pain.
The Iliofemoral Line: A Radiographic Sign of Acetabular Dysplasia in the Adult Hip
Authors: Kraeutler Matthew J. , Ashwell Zachary R. , Garabekyan Tigran , Goodrich Jesse A. , Welton K. Linnea , Flug Jonathan A. , O’Hara John N. , Mei-Dan Omer
Published: June 2017

Background:

Several radiographic parameters utilized for the diagnosis of acetabular dysplasia in adults suffer from poor reproducibility and reliability.

Purpose:

To define and validate a novel radiographic parameter (the iliofemoral line [IFL]) for the detection of frank and borderline hip dysplasia and to compare the sensitivity and specificity of this radiographic marker to those of previously validated qualitative parameters.

Study Design:

Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

A consecutive cohort of 222 adult patients (436 hips) undergoing hip preservation surgery was included. The IFL, which extends from the lateral femoral neck through the inner cortical lip of the iliac crest, intersects the femoral head in cases of dysplasia. Percent medialization of the IFL was defined as the horizontal distance of the exposed femoral head lateral to the IFL, relative to the horizontal femoral head width at the center of the femoral head.

Results:

Percent medialization of the IFL was strongly correlated to the lateral center edge angle ( P < .0001). Values of percent medialization ranging from 15% to 22% predicted the presence of borderline hip dysplasia with a sensitivity of 62% and specificity of 89%, while values exceeding 22% predicted the presence of frank acetabular dysplasia with a sensitivity of 77% and specificity of 94%. By comparison, abnormality of the Shenton line demonstrated a sensitivity of 3.7% and specificity of 97% for the detection of borderline dysplasia and a sensitivity of 16% and specificity of 99% for the detection of frank acetabular dysplasia. Compared with the Shenton line, percent medialization of the IFL was significantly more sensitive for the detection of both borderline and frank acetabular dysplasia (both P < .0001). The intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility of the horizontal difference outside the IFL were 0.99 and 0.96, respectively.

Conclusion:

Percent medialization of the IFL is a reliable and accurate radiographic marker of frank acetabular dysplasia and, to a lesser extent, borderline dysplasia. The use of this radiographic parameter as an additional tool may enable the earlier detection of borderline and frank hip dysplasia in young adults presenting with hip pain.
Midterm and Long-term Results of Medial Versus Lateral Meniscal Allograft Transplantation: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Bin Seong-Il , Nha Kyung-Wook , Cheong Ji-Young , Shin Young-Soo
Published: June 2017

Background:

It is unclear whether lateral meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT) procedures lead to better clinical outcomes than medial MAT.

Hypothesis:

The survival rates are similar between medial and lateral MAT, but the clinical outcomes of lateral MAT are better than those of medial MAT at final follow-up.

Study Design:

Meta-analysis.

Methods:

In this meta-analysis, we reviewed studies that assessed survival rates in patients who underwent medial or lateral MAT with more than 5 years of follow-up and that used assessments such as pain and Lysholm scores to compare postoperative scores on knee outcome scales. The survival time was considered as the time to conversion to knee arthroplasty and/or subtotal resection of the allograft.

Results:

A total of 9 studies (including 287 knees undergoing surgery using medial MAT and 407 with lateral MAT) met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed in detail. The proportion of knees in which midterm (5-10 years) survival rates (medial, 97/113; lateral, 108/121; odds ratio [OR] 0.71; 95% CI, 0.31-1.64; P = .42) and long-term (>10 years) survival rates (medial, 303/576; lateral, 456/805; OR 0.78; 95% CI, 0.52-1.17; P = .22) were evaluated did not differ significantly between medial and lateral MAT. In addition, both groups had substantial proportions of knees exhibiting midterm survivorship (85.8% for medial MAT and 89.2% for lateral MAT) but much lower proportions of knees exhibiting long-term survivorship (52.6% for medial MAT and 56.6% for lateral MAT). In contrast, overall pain score (medial, 65.6 points; lateral, 71.3 points; 95% CI, −3.95 to −0.87; P = .002) and Lysholm score (medial, 67.5 points; lateral, 72.0 points; 95% CI, −10.17 to −3.94; P < .00001) were significantly higher for lateral MAT compared with medial MAT.

Conclusion:

Meta-analysis indicated that 85.8% of medial and 89.2% of lateral meniscal allograft transplants survive at midterm (5-10 years) while 52.6% of medial and 56.6% of lateral meniscal allograft transplants survive long term (>10 years). Patients undergoing lateral meniscal allograft transplantation demonstrated greater pain relief and functional improvement than patients undergoing medial meniscal allograft transplantations.
Linking Planning with Budgeting: Examining Linkages between General Plans and Capital Improvement Plans
Authors: Mathur Shishir
Published: June 2017

Scholars and practitioners in the United States have paid significant attention to the need for consistency in urban planning documents. However, consistency between general plans (GPs) and capital improvement plans (CIPs) has received little attention. Aiming to fill this research gap, this article first reviews the academic and professional literature to identify the strategies that local governments use to ensure strong consistency between GPs and CIPs. Then, it reviews the GPs and CIPs of four cities and presents a framework for evaluating whether, how, and how well local governments are implementing strategies that enhance GP–CIP consistency.
Traditional Galactagogue Foods and Their Connection to Human Milk Volume in Thai Breastfeeding Mothers
Authors: Buntuchai Ganokwun , Pavadhgul Patcharanee , Kittipichai Wirin , Satheannoppakao Warapone
Published: June 2017

Background:

Thai traditional galactagogue consumption is still observed today. However, there are few scientific studies that describe this practice.

Research aim:

The aim of this study was to describe the connection between traditional galactagogue consumption and human milk volume.

Methods:

Self-reported maternal surveys ( N = 36) were conducted of mothers and their infants who breastfeed exclusively. The mothers were interviewed about traditional galactagogue consumption and intake of protein-rich foods using a semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire. They were also assessed for energy and nutrient intake using the 24-hr dietary recall method. Their infants were between 1 and 3 months of age and were test weighed for 24 hr to measure their mother’s own milk volume. Partial correlation was used to test the relationship between galactagogue consumption and milk volume by controlling the infants’ birth weight, weight-for-age, maternal energy, and carbohydrate intake.

Results:

The results revealed that consumption of some traditional galactagogues was significantly correlated to human milk volume, including banana flower, lemon basil, Thai basil, bottle gourd, and pumpkin ( p < .05). Furthermore, there were significant correlations between consumption of some kinds of protein and milk volume, including egg tofu, chicken, fish, and seafood ( p < .05). Maternal energy and carbohydrate intake were related to milk volume ( p < .05), but protein intake was not.

Conclusion:

Certain kinds of traditional galactagogues and proteins are associated with human milk volume. However, studies related to the active ingredients in these galactagogues are required to secure a recommendation about use of traditional galactagogues among breastfeeding mothers.
The Relationship between Foreign Competition and Innovation Activities Based on Quantile Regression
Authors: Yi Su , Zhou-Zhou Lin , Chen-Gang Wang
Published: June 2017

This article uses quantile regression to shed light on the complex relationship between foreign competition and innovation activities. Quantile regression is more powerful than classical linear regression since quantile regression can produce estimates for all conditional quantiles of the distribution of the innovation activities variable, whereas classical linear regression only estimates the conditional mean effects. The empirical evidence shows that the effect of foreign competition on make innovation activities is different across the conditional quantiles of the distribution of innovation activities, something classical linear regression would leave unidentified. This finding suggests that estimating the quantile effect of innovation activities variable can well be more insightful than effect. Additionally, this article finds a U-shaped relationship between foreign competition and make innovation activities.
Walking the Talk: Expectations and Intentions of a Popular Education Workshop
Authors: Glowacki-Dudka Michelle , Mullett Cathy , Griswold Wendy , Baize-Ward Amy , Vetor-Suits Crissy , Londt Susan Cole , Williams-Hawkins Maria
Published: June 2017

Popular education programs allow for collective agenda setting and flexibility, and also to carefully and respectfully design activities that bring in all voices and level the power in the room. Popular education methods help to raise awareness and engage with stakeholders to support topics, such as social justice, human rights, collective power, and nonviolent responses. This study examines the explicit and implicit intentions and expectations of participants who have engaged in popular education workshops related to authentic leadership. This instrumental case study examines the reflective writing of 13 participants from two popular education workshops. To analyze the 26 reflections, the co-researchers individually coded a set of four reflections and then worked with a partner to compare their coding results. Themes were developed from the coded data. The themes included the Center as a destination, seeking renewal and inspiration, personal growth and learning gained from the experience, open minded and flexible expectations, interest in the topic, and professional and academic growth and networking. We suggest ways to build in components of a popular education program to other settings, such as building community, storytelling and sharing, and establishing group norms.
Dynamics and lubrication analyses of a planar multibody system with multiple lubricated joints
Authors: Zhao Bo , Cui Yi , Xie Youbai , Zhou Kun
Published: June 2017

In order to ensure the mechanical systems a better performance, most of their joints are designed to operate with lubricant. The differently located lubricated joints interact with each other, influencing the total performances of the system. This study proposes a numerical approach for the multibody system modeling with the consideration of the interactions among the multiple lubricated joints to investigate the dynamics and tribological performances of the mechanism. This approach couples the lubrication model of both translational and revolute joints with the dynamics model of the multibody system, and is performed on a four-stroke gasoline engine with the lubricated piston skirt-liner subsystem and lubricated big-end bearing of the connecting rod. The multibody dynamics model is built with Lagrange’s method. The lubrication models are built based on the average Reynolds equation, and solved with finite element method to derive the hydrodynamic forces according to the motion of the system. The piston skirt profile, pin offset and the effects of surface roughness on the lubrication performances are taken into account. The simulation results reveal that there are obvious interactions between the differently located lubricated joints, and the larger clearance can pronounce the interactions.
Defining fluid removal in the intensive care unit: A national and international survey of critical care practice
Authors: O’Connor Michael E , Jones Sarah L , Glassford Neil J , Bellomo Rinaldo , Prowle John R
Published: June 2017

Design and objectives

To identify and compare how intensive care unit specialists in the United Kingdom and Australia and New Zealand self-reportedly define, assess and manage fluid overload in critically ill patients using a structured online questionnaire.

Results

We assessed 219 responses. Australia and New Zealand and United Kingdom intensive care unit specialists reported using clinical examination findings, bedside tools and radiological features to assess fluid status, diagnose fluid overload and initiate fluid removal in the critically ill. An elevated central venous pressure is not regarded as helpful in diagnosing fluid overload and targeting a clinician-set fluid balance is the most popular management strategy. Renal replacement therapy is used ahead of more diuretic therapy in patients who are oligo/anuric, or when diuretic therapy has not generated an adequate response.

Conclusions

This self-reported account of practice by United Kingdom and Australia and New Zealand intensivists demonstrates that fluid overload remains poorly defined with variability in both management and practice.
Multiple sclerosis epidemiology in Latin America: An updated survey
Authors: Cristiano Edgardo , Rojas Juan Ignacio
Published: June 2017

Novel epidemiological data have appeared in recent years in Latin America (LATAM). The objective of this study was to perform an updated systematic review of the epidemiology of the disease reported in LATAM.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review of published epidemiological articles from January 1995 to December 2016.

Results

Incidence data were found in four studies and ranged from 0.3 to 3 annual cases per 100,000 person-years. Prevalence was reported in 13 studies and ranged from 0.83 to 38.2 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. Two studies showed an increase in prevalence and incidence in the last five years in specific regions.

Conclusion

The study provides updated information on epidemiological features of MS in the region. The frequency reported is lower compared with some European and North American countries; however, due to recent observations, studies including follow-up assessment of prevalence and incidence should be conducted in the region.
Evaluating the Relationship Between Participation in Student-Run Free Clinics and Changes in Empathy in Medical Students
Authors: Modi Anita , Fascelli Michele , Daitch Zachary , Hojat Mohammadreza
Published: June 2017

Purpose: We explored differences in changes in medical student empathy in the third year of medical school between volunteers at JeffHOPE, a multisite medical student–run free clinic of Sidney Kimmel Medical College (SKMC), and nonvolunteers. Method: Volunteerism and leadership experience at JeffHOPE were documented for medical students in the Class of 2015 (n = 272) across their medical educations. Students completed the Jefferson Scale of Empathy at the beginning of medical school and at the end of the third year. Students who reported participation in other Jefferson-affiliated clinics (n = 44) were excluded from this study. Complete data were available for 188 SKMC students. Results: Forty-five percent of students (n = 85) volunteered at JeffHOPE at least once during their medical educations. Fifteen percent of students (n = 48) were selected for leadership positions involving weekly clinic participation. Nonvolunteers demonstrated significant decline in empathy in medical school ( P = 0.009), while those who volunteered at JeffHOPE at least once over the course of their medical educations did not show any significant decline ( P = 0.07). Conclusions: These findings suggest that medical students may benefit from volunteering at student-run free clinics to care for underserved populations throughout medical school.
Xenon in the treatment of panic disorder: an open label study
Authors: Dobrovolsky Alexander , Ichim Thomas E. , Ma Daqing , Kesari Santosh , Bogin Vladimir
Published: June 2017

Background

Current treatments of panic disorder (PD) are limited by adverse effects, poor efficacy, and need for chronic administration. The established safety profile of subanesthetic concentrations of xenon gas, which is known to act as a glutamate subtype NMDA receptor antagonist, coupled with preclinical studies demonstrating its effects in other anxiety related conditions, prompted us to evaluate its feasibility and efficacy in treatment of patients with PD.

Methods

An open-label clinical trial of xenon–oxygen mixture was conducted in 81 patients with PD; group 1 consisting of patients only with PD (N = 42); and group 2 patients with PD and other comorbidities (N = 39).

Results

Based on the analysis of the results of a number of psychometric scales used in this study (SAS, HADS, CGI), several conclusions can be made: (1) xenon is a potentially effective modality in acute treatment of PD; (2) an anti-panic effect of xenon administration persists for at least 6 months after the completion of the active phase of treatment; (3) xenon inhalation is well tolerated, with the drop-out rates being much lower than that of conventional pharmacotherapy (5.8% vs. 15%); (4) the severity of depressive disorders that frequently accompany PD can be significantly reduced with the use of xenon; (5) xenon may be considered as an alternative to benzodiazepines in conjunction with cognitive-behavioral therapy as a safe modality in treatment of anxiety disorder.

Conclusions

These data support the need for randomized double-blind clinical trials to further study xenon-based interventions.

Trial registrationThis clinical trial was retrospectively registered on April 14th, 2017 as ISRCTN15184285 in the ISRCTN database.
Dysfunctional maltreatment-related cognitions in children and adolescents
Authors: de Haan Anke , Ganser Helene G. , Münzer Annika , Witt Andreas , Goldbeck Lutz
Published: June 2017

Background

Dysfunctional trauma-related cognitions correlate highly with chronic stress. Studies on maltreatment-related cognitions and their predictors in children and adolescents are rare.

Methods

The study sample consisted of 231 children aged 8–17 years who had experienced maltreatment including domestic violence, emotional abuse, neglect, physical, and sexual abuse. Using multiple linear regression analysis, gender, age, index-event, multi-type maltreatment, out-of-home-care, and migration background were investigated as possible predictors of dysfunctional maltreatment-related cognitions. Additionally, the associations between dysfunctional cognitions and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) as well as further internalizing and externalizing symptoms were calculated.

Results

Gender emerged as a significant predictor of dysfunctional maltreatment-related cognitions. Moreover, there was an interaction effect of gender and age, with female adolescents showing most dysfunctional cognitions. Furthermore, experiencing five different maltreatment types had an impact, leading to more dysfunctional cognitions compared to single-type maltreatment. Dysfunctional maltreatment-related cognitions correlated highly with PTSS and internalizing symptoms, and moderately with externalizing symptoms.

Conclusions

Dysfunctional maltreatment-related cognitions are associated with psychological symptoms after maltreatment and, therefore, need to be addressed in assessment and treatment.

Trial registration DRKS00003979. Registered 03 July 2012