bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acute Pancreatitis in Childhood
Authors: Boonthai Ampaipan , Tanpowpong Pornthep , Puttanapitak Chawintee , Aeesoa Suraida , Losty Paul D. , Molagool Sani
Published: November 2022

Objectives

This study aimed to describe etiology, management, and health outcomes of children developing acute pancreatitis at a tertiary Thailand pediatric surgery center.

Methods

Medical case records of all index cases during 2006–2016 were analyzed and reported.

Results

There were 42 male and 37 female patients, with a mean (standard deviation) age of 10.4 (4.5) years, included in the study. Medications were the commonest etiology for 39.3% of acute pancreatitis attacks, 11.4% for biliary tract disease cases, and 8% for postinterventional studies. In 30% of cases, no cause(s) was defined. Sixty-two patients (78.5%) had elevated serum lipase on hospital admission, whereas only 30.4% showed a raised amylase. Hospital stay was 15 days (interquartile range, 6–27 days). Two major complications in the series were pseudocysts (8.8%) and necrotizing pancreatitis (7.6%). Etiological factors and/or antibiotics were not directly linked to any specific complications. Seventeen children (22.8%) had 1 recurrent episode of acute pancreatitis documented. Mortality rate in index cases was 28%, with a higher percentage harboring a preexisting illness (34.4% vs 5.6%; P = 0.01) and in male than in female patients (41% vs 14%; P = 0.01).

Conclusions

Deaths from pediatric acute pancreatitis are more prevalent in male individuals and those with a preexisting illness. Targeted strategies aimed at “highest-risk” patients may potentially offset mortality.
Fluid Resuscitation With Lactated Ringer's Solution Versus Normal Saline in Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Kow Chia Siang , Burud Ismail Abdul Sattar , Hasan Syed Shahzad
Published: November 2022

Objectives

We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to summarize the overall association between the choice of fluid (lactated Ringer's [LR] or normal saline [NS]) and clinical outcomes in patients with acute pancreatitis.

Methods

A systematic literature search was performed in electronic databases to identify eligible randomized controlled trials. Meta-analyses with the random-effects and IVhet models were used to estimate the pooled odds ratio (OR) for outcomes of interest with the administration of LR relative to NS, at 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

There was a significant reduction in the odds of intensive care unit admission and development of local complications, respectively, with the administration of LR among hospitalized patients with acute pancreatitis relative to administration of NS (pooled ORs, 0.33 [95% CI, 0.13–0.81] and 0.43 [95% CI, 0.21–0.89], respectively).

Conclusions

Our findings are able to assist clinicians in the navigation of the proper choice of fluid in patients with acute pancreatitis.
Factors Affecting the Circulating Levels of Oxyntomodulin in Health and After Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Bharmal Sakina H. , Ko Juyeon , Kimita Wandia , Cho Jaelim , Petrov Maxim S.
Published: November 2022

Objectives

To investigate the factors associated with the circulating levels of oxyntomodulin in healthy individuals and individuals after an episode of acute pancreatitis (AP).

Methods

Blood samples were collected from all participants after an overnight fast and analyzed for 28 biomarkers. Participants also underwent comprehensive body composition analysis on a 3-T magnetic resonance imaging scanner. Regression analyses were done to investigate the associations between oxyntomodulin and the studied factors.

Results

The study included 105 individuals who had a primary diagnosis of AP and 58 healthy individuals. Peptide YY (B coefficient, 0.094; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.164–0.123), pancreatic polypeptide (0.048; 95% CI, 0.030–0.066), and leptin (0.394; 95% CI, 0.128–0.661) had significant associations with oxyntomodulin in healthy individuals. Peptide YY was the most prominent factor associated with oxyntomodulin, explaining 60% of its variance in health. Cholecystokinin (0.014; 95% CI, 0.010–0.018), amylin (−0.107; 95% CI, −0.192 to −0.021), and glycated hemoglobin (−0.761; 95% CI, −1.249 to −0.273) had significant associations with oxyntomodulin in individuals after AP. Cholecystokinin was the most prominent factor associated with oxyntomodulin, explaining 44% of its variance after AP.

Conclusions

Factors affecting the circulating levels of oxyntomodulin are different in health and after AP. These insights will enable the determination of populations that benefit from oxyntomodulin therapeutics in the future.
Pro-fibrogenic role of alarmin high mobility group box 1 in HIV–hepatitis B virus coinfection
Authors: Singh Kasha P. , Pallett Laura J. , Singh Harsimran , Chen Antony , Otano Itziar , Duriez Marion , Rombouts Krista , Pinzani Massimo , Crane Megan , Fusai Giuseppe , Avihingsanon Anchalee , Lewin Sharon R. , Maini Mala K.
Published: November 2022

Objective:

Liver disease is accelerated in people with HIV (PWH) with hepatitis B virus (HBV) coinfection. We hypothesized that liver fibrosis in HIV–HBV is triggered by increased hepatocyte apoptosis, microbial translocation and/or HIV/HBV viral products.

Design:

Sera from PWH with HBV coinfection versus from those with HBV only or putative mediators were used to examine the pathogenesis of liver disease in HIV-HBV.

Methods:

We applied sera from PWH and HBV coinfection versus HBV alone, or putative mediators (including HMGB1), to primary human hepatic stellate cells (hHSC) and examined pro-fibrogenic changes at the single cell level using flow cytometry. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) levels in the applied sera were assessed according to donor fibrosis stage.

Results:

Quantitative flow cytometric assessment of pro-fibrogenic and inflammatory changes at the single cell level revealed an enhanced capacity for sera from PWH with HBV coinfection to activate hHSC. This effect was recapitulated by lipopolysaccharide, HIV-gp120, hepatocyte conditioned-media and the alarmin HMGB1. Induction of hepatocyte cell death increased their pro-fibrogenic potential, an effect blocked by HMGB1 antagonist glycyrrhizic acid. Consistent with a role for this alarmin, HMGB1 levels were elevated in sera from PWH and hepatitis B coinfection compared to HBV alone and higher in those with HIV–HBV with liver fibrosis compared to those without.

Conclusions:

Sera from PWH and HBV coinfection have an enhanced capacity to activate primary hHSC. We identified an increase in circulating HMGB1 which, in addition to HIV-gp120 and translocated microbial products, drove pro-fibrogenic changes in hHSC, as mechanisms contributing to accelerated liver disease in HIV–HBV.
Favorable Outcomes in Older Recipients Receiving Simultaneous Pancreas Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Budhiraja Pooja , Heilman Raymond L. , Reddy Kunam S. , Jadlowiec Caroline C. , Khamash Hassan A. , Ninan Jacob , Reddy Swetha , Me Hay Me , Misra Suman , Katariya Nitin , Chakkera Harini A.
Published: November 2022

Background.

The objective of this study was to compare the long-term outcomes of older (50–65 y) type 1 diabetics with body mass index <35 kg/m2 and type 2 diabetics with body mass index <30 kg/m2 who received simultaneous pancreas kidney transplantation (SPKT) versus living donor kidney transplants (LDKTs). All subjects had insulin-dependent diabetes.

Methods.

This is a retrospective single-center study from July 2003 to March 2021 with a median follow-up of 7.5 y.

Results.

There were 104 recipients in the SPKT and 80 in the LDKT group. The mean age was 56 y in SPKT and 58 y in LDKT. There were 55% male recipients in the SPKT group versus 75% in LDKT. The duration of diabetes was 32 y in SPKT versus 25 y in LDKT. The number of preemptive transplants and length of dialysis were similar. However, the wait time was shorter for LDKT (269 versus 460 d). Forty-nine percent of the LDKT recipients received the organ within 6 mo of being waitlisted compared with 28% of SPKT recipients (P = 0.001). Donor age was lower in the SPKT group (27 versus 41 y). The estimated 5-y death censored kidney survival was 92% versus 98%, and 5-y patient survival was 86% versus 89% for SPKT versus LDKT. Death censored kidney and patient survival, acute kidney rejection by 1 y, and BK viremia were similar between the 2 groups. There were 17 pancreas graft losses within 1 y of transplant, the majority related to surgical complications, and it was not associated with increased mortality.

Conclusions.

SPKT in selected recipients aged 50 and above can have excellent outcomes similar to LDKT recipients.
ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Spinareoviridae 2022
Authors: Matthijnssens Jelle , Attoui Houssam , Bányai Krisztián , Brussaard Corina P. D. , Danthi Pranav , del Vas Mariana , Dermody Terence S. , Duncan Roy , Fāng Qín , Johne Reimar , Mertens Peter P. C. , Mohd Jaafar Fauziah , Patton John T. , Sasaya Takahide , Suzuki Nobuhiro , Wei Taiyun
Published: November 2022

Spinareoviridae is a large family of icosahedral viruses that are usually regarded as non-enveloped with segmented (9–12 linear segments) dsRNA genomes of 23–29 kbp. Spinareovirids have a broad host range, infecting animals, fungi and plants. Some have important pathogenic potential for humans (e.g. Colorado tick fever virus), livestock (e.g. avian orthoreoviruses), fish (e.g. aquareoviruses) and plants (e.g. rice ragged stunt virus and rice black streaked dwarf virus). This is a summary of the ICTV Report on the family Spinareoviridae, which is available at ictv.global/report/spinareoviridae.
Binding site plasticity regulation of the FimH catch-bond mechanism
Authors: Languin–Cattoën Olivier , Sterpone Fabio , Stirnemann Guillaume
Published: November 2022

The bacterial fimbrial adhesin FimH is a remarkable and well-studied catch-bond protein found at the tip ofE. colitype 1 pili, which allows pathogenic strains involved in urinary tract infections to bind high-mannose glycans exposed on human epithelia. The catch-bond behavior of FimH, where the strength of the interaction increases when a force is applied to separate the two partners, enables the bacteria to resist clearance when they are subjected to shear forces induced by urine flow. Two decades of experimental studies performed at the single-molecule level, as well as X-ray crystallography and modeling studies, have led to a consensus picture whereby force separates the binding domain from an inhibitor domain, effectively triggering an allosteric conformational change in the former. This force-induced allostery is thought to be responsible for an increased binding affinity at the core of the catch-bond mechanism. However, some important questions remain, the most challenging one being that the crystal structures corresponding to these two allosteric states show almost superimposable binding-site geometries, which questions the molecular origin for the large difference in affinity. Using molecular dynamics with a combination of enhanced-sampling techniques, we demonstrate that the static picture provided by the crystal structures conceals a variety of binding-site conformations that have a key impact on the apparent affinity. Crucially, the respective populations in each of these conformations are very different between the two allosteric states of the binding domain, which can then be related to experimental affinity measurements. We also evidence a previously unappreciated but important effect: in addition to the well-established role of the force as an allosteric regulator via domain separation, application of force tends to directly favor the high-affinity binding-site conformations. We hypothesize that this additionallocalcatch-bond effect could delay unbinding between the bacteria and the host cell before theglobalallosteric transition occurs, as well as stabilizing the complex even more once in the high-affinity allosteric state.
SpikeScape: A Tool for Analyzing Structural Diversity in Experimental Structures of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein
Authors: Stepanenko Darya , Simmerling Carlos
Published: November 2022

In this application note we describe a tool which we developed to help structural biologists who study the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein. There are more than 500 structures of this protein available in the Protein Data Bank. These structures are available in different flavors: wild type spike, different variants, 2P substitutions, structures with bound antibodies, structures with Receptor Binding Domains in closed or open conformation, etc. Understanding differences between these structures could provide insight to how the spike structure changes in different variants or upon interaction with different molecules such as receptors or antibodies. However, inconsistencies among deposited structures, such as different chain or sequence numbering, hamper a straightforward comparison of all structures. The tool described in this note fixes those inconsistencies and calculates the distribution of the requested distance between any two atoms across all SARS-CoV-2 spike structures available in the Protein Data Bank, with the option to filter by various selections. The tool provides a histogram and cumulative frequency of the calculated distribution, as the ability to download the results and corresponding PDB IDs.
Mycobacteria form viable cell wall-deficient cells that are undetectable by conventional diagnostics
Authors: Dannenberg Noortje , Carrion Bravo Victor J. , Weijers Tom , Spaink Herman P. , Ottenhoff Tom H. M. , Briegel Ariane , Claessen Dennis
Published: November 2022

The cell wall is a unifying trait in bacteria and provides protection against environmental insults. Therefore, the wall is considered essential for most bacteria. Despite this critical role, many bacteria can transiently shed their cell wall and recent observations suggest a link of such wall-deficient cells to chronic infections. Whether shedding the cell wall also occurs in mycobacteria has not been established unambiguously. Here we provide compelling evidence that a wide range of mycobacterial species, including clinical and non-clinical isolates, form viable cell wall-deficient cells in response to environmental stressors. Using cryo-transmission electron micrography we show that the complex multi-layered wall is largely lost in such cells. Notably, we show that their formation inMycobacterium marinumand BCG vaccine strains ofMycobacterium bovisis stimulated by exposure to cell wall-targeting antibiotics. Given that these wall-deficient mycobacteria are undetectable using conventional diagnostic methods, such cells have likely been overlooked in clinical settings. Altogether, these results indicate that mycobacteria can readily switch between a walled and wall-deficient lifestyle, which provides a plausible explanation for enabling persistence of infections caused by members of this genus.
Genome-wide analysis of the dynamic and biophysical properties of chromatin and nuclear proteins in living cells with Hi-D
Authors: Valades-Cruz Cesar Augusto , Barth Roman , Abdellah Marwan , Shaban Haitham A.
Published: November 2022

To understand the dynamic nature of the genome in real-time, the localization and rearrangement of DNA and DNA-binding proteins must be analyzed across the entire nucleus of single living cells. Recently, we developed a new computational light microscopy technique, called high-resolution diffusion mapping (Hi-D), that can accurately detect, classify, and map the types of diffusion and biophysical parameters such as the diffusion constant, anomalous exponent, drift velocity, and physical diffusion models at a high spatial resolution over the entire genome in living cells. Hi-D combines dense optical flow to detect and track local chromatin and protein motion, and Bayesian inference to characterize this local movement at nanoscale resolution. The initial implementation requires solid experience using MATLAB (MathWorks) and computational resources, for instance, access to a computer cluster, to perform the Hi-D analysis. In addition, this implementation takes ∼18-24 hours to analyze a typical imaging stack. To avoid these limitations and emphasize high-performance implementation, we present a customized version called Hi-D-Py. The new implementation is written in the open-source Python programming language and has an option for parallelizing the calculations to run on multi-core CPUs. The functionality of Hi-D-Py is exposed to the users via user-friendly documented Python notebooks. Our efficient implementation reduces the analysis time to less than one hour using a multi-core CPU with a single compute node. We also present different applications of Hi-D for live-imaging of DNA, H2B, and RNA Pol II sequences acquired with spinning disk confocal and super-resolution structured illumination microscopy.
Solvothermal synthesis and crystal structures of two new cadmium coordination polymers containing polynitrile ligands
Authors: Setifi Fatima , Setifi Zouaoui , Al-Douh Mohammed Hadi , Merabet Layachi , Kaboub Lakhmissi , Glidewell Christopher
Published: November 2022

Two new coordination polymers of cadmium-containing polynitrile ligands have been synthesized using sovothermal methods. In both poly[trans,trans,trans-bis(μ-dicyanamido-κ2
N
1:N
3)bis(2-methylbenzimidazole-κN)cadmium(II)], [Cd(C2N3)2(C8H8N2)2]
n
, (I), and poly[trans,trans,trans-bis(2-methylbenzimidazole-κN)bis(μ-tricyanomethanido-κ2
N:N′)cadmium(II)], [Cd(C4N3)2(C8H8N2)2]
n
, (II), the Cd atom lies on a centre of inversion, in space groups P21/n and P21/c, respectively. In each polymer, each anionic ligand acts as a bridge between two metal centres, forming sheets of 24-membered rings, and in each structure a single N—H...N hydrogen bond links the polymer sheets to form a three-dimensional framework structure. Comparisons are made with the structures of some related complexes.
Structural characterization of three hydride-bridged sodium aluminate compounds
Authors: Kennedy Alan R. , Mulvey Robert E. , Whitelaw Michael T.
Published: November 2022

The synthesis and single-crystal structures of three hydride-bridged sodium aluminate compounds containing the utility amide HMDS [N(SiMe3)2 or C6H18NSi2] are reported. Both bis[bis(trimethylsilyl)amido-2κN]-μ-hydrido-hydrido-2κH-(N,N,N′,N′′,N′′-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine-1κ3
N,N′,N′′)(tetrahydrofuran-1κO)aluminiumsodium, [AlNa(C6H18NSi2)2H2(C4H8O)(C9H23N3)] or (HMDS)2Al(H)2Na(THF)(PMDETA), (1) (THF = tetrahydrofuran, C4H8O; PMDETA = N,N,N′,N′′,N′′-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, C9H23N3) and tetrakis[bis(trimethylsilyl)amido]-3κ2
N,4κ2
N-tetra-μ-hydrido-tetrakis(tetrahydrofuran)-1κ2
O,2κ2
O-dialuminiumdisodium, [Al2Na2(C6H18NSi2)4H4(C4H8O)4] or [(HMDS)2Al(H)2Na(THF)2]2 (2), are dihydrides. However, 1 is a dinuclear Al—H—Na monomer with one bridging and one terminal hydride ligand whilst in 2 all the hydride ligands bridge between Al and Na atoms to give a dimeric structure with a core (AlHNaH)2 eight-membered ring. In contrast, the structure of bis[bis(trimethylsilyl)amido]-3κN,4κN-dihydrido-3κH,4κH-tetra-μ-hydrido-bis(N,N,N′,N′′,N′′-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine)-1κ3
N,N′,N′′;2κ3
N,N′,N′′-dialuminiumdisodium, [Al2Na2(C6H18NSi2)2H6(C9H23N3)2] or [(HMDS)Al(H)3Na(PMDETA)]2 (3), also contains a (AlHNaH)2 eight-membered ring but is a trihydride with two bridging and one terminal hydride ligand per Al centre. The (AlHNaH)2 eight-membered rings of 2 and 3 differ in their structural details. That of 2 is based around a twofold axis and has a larger Al...Al intra-ring distance than that found in centrosymmetric 3.
Structural characterization of the azoxy derivative of an antitubercular 8-nitro-1,3-benzothiazin-4-one
Authors: Richter Adrian , Goddard Richard , Imming Peter , Seidel Rüdiger W.
Published: November 2022

(Z)-1,2-Bis[4-oxo-2-(piperidin-1-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)-4H-benzo[e][1,3]thiazin-8-yl]diazene oxide, C28H24F6N6O3S2, was obtained and its structure determined while attempting to crystallize and structurally characterize 8-nitro-2-(piperidin-1-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)-4H-benzo[e][1,3]thiazin-4-one, a simplified analogue of the antituberculosis clinical drug candidate BTZ043. X-ray crystallography revealed the structure of the azoxy compound to be comprised of two benzothiazinone moieties linked by a Z-configured azoxy group in an almost coplanar arrangement. In the crystal, the molecules are densely packed, revealing a herringbone pattern.
Closing the information gaps: a systematic review of research on delay and disruption claims
Authors: Ali Babar , Aibinu Ajibade A. , Paton-Cole Vidal
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Delay and disruption claims involve a complex process that often result in disputes, unnecessary expenses and time loss on construction projects. This study aims to review and synthesize the contributions of previous research undertaken in this area and propose future directions for improving the process of delay and disruption claims.

Design/methodology/approach

This study adopted a holistic systematic review of literature following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. A total of 230 articles were shortlisted related to delay and disruption claims in construction using Scopus and Web of Science databases.

Findings

Six research themes were identified and critically reviewed including delay analysis, disruption analysis, claim management, contract administration, dispute resolution and delay and disruption information and records. The systematic review showed that there is a dearth of research on managing the wide-ranging information required for delay and disruption claims, ensuring the transparency and uniformity in delay and disruption claims’ information and adopting an end-user’s centred research approach for resolving the problems in the process of delay and disruption claims.

Practical implications

Complexities in delay and disruption claims are real-world problems faced by industry practitioners. The findings will help the research community and industry practitioners to prioritize their energies toward information management of delay and disruption claims.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the body of knowledge in delay and disruption claims by identifying the need for conducting more research on its information requirements and management. Subsequently, it provides an insight on the use of modern technologies such as drones, building information modeling, radio frequency identifiers, blockchain, Bigdata and machine learning, as tools for more structured and efficient attainment of required information in a transparent and consistent manner. It also recommends greater use of design science research approach for delay and disruption claims. This will help to ensure delay and disruption claims are the least complex and less dispute-prone process.
From a network model to a model network: strategies for network development to narrow the LIS research–practice gap
Authors: Hall Hazel , Ryan Bruce Martin , Salzano Rachel , Stephen Katherine
Published: November 2022

Purpose

The purpose of the empirical study was to examine whether strategies shown to work well in one model of network development for library and information science (LIS) practitioners and researchers could be applied successfully in the development of a new network and contribute to the narrowing of the research–practice gap in LIS.

Design/methodology/approach

Overall, 32 members of a new professional network were surveyed by a questionnaire following the completion of a programme of four network events held between 2019 and 2021.

Findings

The analysis demonstrates the transferability of the existing model of network development to a new network and that it can be successfully adapted for online delivery of network events and activities.

Practical implications

The criteria deployed for the evaluation of the new network could be used in other similar settings. Funding bodies can also use these findings as demonstration of the value of their investment in network grants.

Originality/value

This contribution on means of growing collaborative networks to narrow the LIS research–practice gap stands out in contrast with prior research that tends to focus the support of research productivity of academic librarians in North American universities for the purposes of career development. Here wider aspects of research engagement are considered of value for LIS practitioners from a range of sectors and institutions, beyond North America, for purposes that are broader than personal advancement.
Diverse viruses of marine archaea discovered using metagenomics
Authors: Zhou Yifan , Zhou Liang , Yan Shuling , Chen Lanming , Krupovic Mart , Wang Yongjie
Published: November 2022

During the past decade, metagenomics became a method of choice for the discovery of novel viruses. However, host assignment for uncultured viruses remains challenging, especially for archaeal viruses, which are grossly undersampled compared to viruses of bacteria and eukaryotes. Here, we assessed the utility of CRISPR spacer targeting, tRNA gene matching and homology searches for viral signature proteins, such as major capsid proteins, for the assignment of archaeal hosts and validated these approaches on metaviromes from Yangshan Harbor (YSH). We report 35 new genomes of viruses which could be confidently assigned to hosts representing diverse lineages of marine archaea. We show that the archaeal YSH virome is highly diverse, with some viruses enriching the previously described virus groups, such as magroviruses of Marine Group II Archaea (Poseidoniales), and others representing novel groups of marine archaeal viruses. Metagenomic recruitment of Tara Oceans datasets on the YSH viral genomes demonstrated the presence of YSH Poseidoniales and Nitrososphaeria viruses in the global oceans, but also revealed the endemic YSH‐specific viral lineages. Furthermore, our results highlight the relationship between the soil and marine thaumarchaeal viruses. We propose three new families within the class Caudoviricetes for the classification of the five complete viral genomes predicted to replicate in marine Poseidoniales and Nitrososphaeria, two ecologically important and widespread archaeal groups. This study illustrates the utility of viral metagenomics in exploring the archaeal virome and provides new insights into the diversity, distribution and evolution of marine archaeal viruses.
The Power of Retail Investor Voice: The Effect of Online Discussions on Corporate Innovation
Authors: Li Yi , Zhang Wei
Published: November 2022

This paper studies how the voice of retail investors influences corporate innovation. Examining the relation between postings on Internet stock message boards and firms’ innovation output, we find that individual investors’ online discussions can promote innovation. To establish causality, we use a quasi‐natural experiment based on the launch of the mobile application for stock message boards with the subsample analysis and the difference‐in‐differences analysis. Three economic mechanisms underlying our findings are identified: online discussions can improve firms’ transparency, corporate governance and market misvaluation. Our findings broaden the understanding of individual investors’ and social media's roles in corporate governance.
A review of supervised learning methods for classifying animal behavioural states from environmental features
Authors: Bergen Silas , Huso Manuela M. , Duerr Adam E. , Braham Melissa A. , Schmuecker Sara , Miller Tricia A. , Katzner Todd E.
Published: November 2022

Accurately predicting behavioural modes of animals in response to environmental features is important for ecology and conservation. Supervised learning (SL) methods are increasingly common in animal movement ecology for classifying behavioural modes. However, few examples exist of applying SL to classify polytomous animal behaviour from environmental features especially in the context of millions of animal observations.

We review SL methods (weighted k‐nearest neighbours; neural nets; random forests; and boosted classification trees with XGBoost) for classifying polytomous animal behaviour from environmental predictors. We also describe tuning parameter selection and assessment strategies, approaches for visualizing relationships between predictors and class outputs, and computational considerations. We demonstrate these methods by predicting three categories of risk to bald eagles from colliding with wind turbines using, as predictors, 12 environmental state features associated with 1.7 million GPS telemetry data points from 57 eagles.

Of the SL methods we considered, XGBoost yielded the most accurate model with 86.2% classification accuracy and pairwise‐averaged area under the ROC curve of 90.6. Computational time of XGBoost scaled better to large data than any other SL method. We also show how SHAP values integrated in the R package (xgboost) facilitate investigation of variable relationships and importance.

For big data applications, XGBoost appears to provide superior classification accuracy and computational efficiency. Our results suggest XGBoost should be considered as an early modelling option in situations where the intent is to classify millions of animal behaviour observations from environmental predictors and to understand relationships between those predictors and movement behaviours. We also offer a tutorial to assist researchers in implementing this method.
Gossip 2.0: The role of social media and moral attentiveness on counterproductive work behaviour
Authors: Murtaza Ghulam , Neveu Jean‐Pierre , Khan Rahman , Talpur Qurat‐ul‐ain
Published: November 2022

This study investigates how negative workplace gossip (NWG) affects counterproductive work behaviour (CWB) through emotional exhaustion. We seek to advance a more nuanced view of negative gossip regarding CWB by exploring the contingency roles of social media (SM) and moral attentiveness (MA). With the use of multisource, time‐lagged data from 306 information technology (IT) professionals and their supervisors, we highlight the importance of SM and MA in understanding how individuals react to negative gossip. Our results indicate a positive relationship between negative gossip and CWB mediated by emotional exhaustion. Notably, we found that the use of SM in the workplace strengthens the positive relationship between negative gossip and employees' emotional exhaustion. In addition, the indirect effect of gossip on CWB via exhaustion was moderated by individuals' moral attentiveness. Finally, we describe the implications for managers and promising avenues for future research.
Safety and tolerability of a 90‐minute rapid infusion of Sandoz biosimilar rituximab in B‐cell lymphoproliferative disorders in a real‐world setting
Authors: Muntañola Ana , Arguiñano‐Pérez José María , Dávila Julio , de Villambrosia Sonia González , Carpio Cecilia , Jiménez‐Ubieto Ana , Salar Antonio ,   the GELTAMO (Grupo español de linfomas y trasplante de médula ósea)
Published: November 2022

Although rituximab is generally well‐tolerated, infusion‐related reactions (IRRs) are common with the initial dose when administered intravenously according to standard recommendations. To prevent IRRs, premedication and low‐speed infusion rates have been recommended. Consequently, intravenous (i.v.) infusion of rituximab can become a labor‐intensive process. Rapid i.v. rituximab infusion over 90 min has demonstrated a favorable safety profile for the second and subsequent infusions during the course of therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the safety and tolerability of 90‐min rapid infusion of Sandoz rituximab biosimilar (SDZ‐RTX) for patients with CD20+ lymphoma or chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We retrospectively reviewed all patients with CD20+ lymphoma or CLL who received SDZ‐RTX infusions in 90 min from July 2019 to July 2021 at seven Spanish hospitals. The primary end point was the incidence of IRRs. We identified 124 patients and 576 rapid administrations of SDZ‐RTX, with an average of five rapid infusions per patient. Most rapid infusions of SDZ‐RTX were in combination with CHOP/CHOP‐like therapy (48.4%), followed by SDZ‐RTX alone (15.1%), in combination with bendamustine (14.5%), or with other regimens (22%). The 90‐min SDZ‐RTX infusion schedule was well‐tolerated with no grade 3/4 IRRs. The incidence of any grade IRR during the first rapid infusion was 1% (5 grade 1 IRRs and 1 grade 2 IRR). In conclusion, rapid 90‐min i.v. administration of SDZ‐RTX for the second and subsequent infusions during the course of therapy is well‐tolerated in patients with CD20+ lymphoma or CLL.
Is peroral endoscopic myotomy the new gold standard for achalasia therapy?
Authors: Sharma Prabin , Stavropoulos Stavros N.
Published: November 2022

Our review focuses on critical analysis of the literature to determine whether peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is poised to replace laparoscopic Heller myotomy (LHM) as the new “gold standard” for achalasia therapy. POEM matches or exceeds the efficacy of LHM. The difference in objective gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) between POEM and LHM is modest at best and dissipates with time. Post‐POEM GERD can be easily managed medically in most patients without long‐term GERD sequelae or the need for surgical fundoplication. Emerging POEM technique modifications can further decrease GERD. Endoscopic antireflux procedures such as transoral incisionless fundoplication (TIF) or POEM + F (POEM + fundoplication) can be used in the rare cases of medication‐refractory GERD, but their long‐term efficacy remains in question. In this comprehensive review, we summarize the current status of POEM with emphasis on GERD evaluation, prevention, treatment, and comparative data vs. LHM. Based on this analysis, it appears that POEM is indeed the new gold standard in the therapy of achalasia.
A comparative analysis of step loading and staircase testing for fatigue strength estimation of an engine component
Authors: Thompson Todd , Liu Jinqiang , Hu Chao
Published: November 2022

Staircase testing is a standard method for evaluating the fatigue strength of components. However, staircase testing assumes a normal distribution, while components can display bimodal behavior due to flaws in material, or issues during the manufacturing process. Three unique step loading data sets on different production crankshafts provide evidence that step loading reliably identifies material or manufacturing issues, which lower a component's fatigue strength. Staircase testing has an 87% or greater chance of overestimating the component's fatigue strength, which in turn overestimates the component's expected reliability. For example, a component with a 99.9% reliability based on staircase testing would only have a 74% reliability based on step loading. If a component contains an undetectable manufacturing defect, staircase testing has a 99% chance of overestimating the component's fatigue strength. Step loading reliably improves the estimation of a component's fatigue strength distribution while providing insights into a component's defect tolerance.
Ice fishing reveals size structure but not abundance of Eurasian perch in small boreal lakes
Authors: Turunen Aatu , Salgado‐Ismodes Andrés , Huuskonen Hannu , Kahilainen Kimmo K. , Olin Mikko , Ruuhijärvi Jukka , Vainikka Anssi
Published: November 2022

Management of inland recreational fisheries would benefit from stock abundance and size structure data. Feasibly standardised angling methods such as ice fishing could produce representative catch‐per‐unit‐effort (CPUE) information on the abundance of different‐sized fish in small lakes. Here, we first used standard Nordic multimesh gillnets to obtain number‐per‐unit‐effort (NPUE), biomass‐per‐unit‐effort (BPUE) and size structure data on Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis) stocks in 11 small boreal lakes in summer. Second, the same lakes were ice‐fished by voluntary anglers using a pre‐defined, loosely standardised protocol to obtain angling‐based NPUE, BPUE, and length frequency distributions. Effects of environmental variables such as water oxygen concentration and light penetration on angling catch rates were controlled statistically. Neither perch Nordic gillnet NPUE nor BPUE corresponded to ice‐fishing CPUEs. However, the length distribution of the catch did not differ between methods. Our results imply that traditional ice fishing applying natural baits is relatively unselective for fish size and could produce valid length‐based indicators for management purposes while angling CPUE was poorly related to Nordic gillnet CPUE.
Change in metabolic parameters after switching from triple regimens with tenofovir alafenamide to dolutegravir‐based dual therapy. Bi‐lipid study
Authors: Bendala‐Estrada Alejandro D. , Diaz‐Almiron Mariana , Busca Carmen , Mican Rafael , Cadiñanos Julen , Montes Maria Luisa , Martin‐Carbonero Luz , Valencia Eulalia , Montejano Rocío , Delgado‐Hierro Ana , Bernardino Jose I.
Published: November 2022

Introduction

The use of tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) has been associated with increased cholesterol and body weight. Real‐life data on the metabolic effects of switching from a TAF‐based triple regimen to a dolutegravir (DTG)‐based two‐drug regimen (2‐DR) are scarce.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study of patients who have switched from a triple TAF‐based regimen to a 2‐DR [DTG‐lamivudine (DTG‐3TC) or DTG‐ rilpivirine (DTG‐RPV]) with at least 6 months of follow‐up. The primary endpoint was the absolute change in lipid fractions at 6 months. Secondary outcomes were percentage changes in lipid fraction, effectiveness and safety at 6 and 12 months [intention to treat (ITT), missing = failures].

Results

A total of 118 patients (87 on DTG‐3TC, 31 on DTG‐RPV) were included. Median age was 51 years (interquartile range: 43–59), 86% were male, CD4 T‐cell count was 692 cells/μL, and 98% viral load (VL) < 50 copies/mL. At 6 months there was a decrease in total and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol of 10.7 mg/dL [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.2–19.1; p ≤ 0.001] and 8.3 mg/dL (95% CI: 0.74–15.9; p = 0.026), respectively. There was a reduction in cardiovascular risk from 4.5% at baseline to 4% at 12 months (p = 0.040). Virological effectiveness as determined by ITT analysis was 85.6% at 6 months and 66.1% at 12 months. Seven patients (5.9%) withdrew from the 2‐DR and there was no virological failure.

Conclusions

In real life, switching from a triple regimen with TAF to DTG‐3TC or DTG‐RPV dual therapy improves the lipid profile and is an effective and well‐tolerated strategy.
Assessing students' mental health in two American dental hygiene programs
Authors: Beck Judith A. , Kornegay Elizabeth C. , Phillips Ceib , Harmon Jennifer B.
Published: November 2022

Objectives

Dental hygiene students adapt to new environments while learning technical skills and providing clinical care during their education. Understanding how stress affects students in their professional healthcare program warrants exploration. This study assessed stress among dental hygiene students in two educational settings in the Southeastern United States.

Methods

First and second‐year dental hygiene students (N = 136) from a community college setting (n = 67) and a university setting (n = 69) were invited to complete an anonymous online survey on mental health in fall 2019. Validated surveys on depression, anxiety, social support, and burnout were included. Data analysis included chi‐squared and Mantel–Haenszel statistics, depending on the scale of measurement, with the level of significance set at 0.05 for all analyses.

Results

Participants included 54 dental hygiene students from a community college (Response rate = 80.6%) and 69 dental hygiene students from a university (RR = 100%). There was a statistically significant difference in the proportion of students reporting moderately severe or severe anxiety (p = 0.007), with 56% (n = 30) of the community college respondents and 36% (n = 24) of the university reporting these anxiety levels. Students attending a community college were also more likely to express feelings of worry (n = 34) compared to students in a university setting (p = 0.005). There was no statistically significant difference in depression (p = 0.07) or suicidal thoughts (p = 0.41).

Conclusion

Dental hygiene students enrolled in these two programs reported high levels of self‐reported stress, mental and emotional concerns that may increase suicidal tendencies.
Heating rate effect on the moisture clog while drying refractory castables: A neutron tomography perspective
Authors: Moreira M. H. , Pont S. Dal , Tengattini A. , Pandolfelli V. C.
Published: November 2022

Due to their great performance and ease of installation, refractory castables are common ground materials to enable high‐temperature processes. However, their fully operational condition is slowed down by the gradual drying stage required. Therefore, better understanding of the moisture transport is essential to improve their efficiency and reduce the likelihood of explosive spalling events due to vapor pressurization. Neutron tomography provides a relevant inner view of the moisture distribution across a sample and its evolution over time. In this work, the effect of the heating rate on moisture clog was investigated and compared with available laboratory and industrial observations. It was found out that higher heating rates resulted in a faster and longer lasting water accumulation ahead of the drying front, in agreement with other macroscopic studies and explaining the common reasoning behind using slower heating rates and safer industrial operations. This study highlights the potential of neutron imaging for the ongoing effort to maximize the efficiency of the refractory castables drying process by controlling the moisture accumulation without exclusively relying on slower heating rates.
Enhanced electromechanical properties in MnCO3‐modified Pb(Ni,Nb)O3–PbZrO3–PbTiO3 ceramics via defect and domain engineering
Authors: Wang Shuhao , Li Xiang , Wang Jiajia , Wu Xiaojun , Li Ling , Zhang Ji , Wang Yaojin
Published: November 2022

The development of piezoelectric ceramics with both large piezoelectric responses and mechanical quality factor is still a key challenge for practical applications for high‐power piezoelectric devices. Here we report the strategy to utilize the synergistic contribution of engineered defect and domain structure, in which an excellent piezoelectric coefficient d33 of 655 pC N−1 and mechanical quality factor Qm of 371 are simultaneously achieved in MnCO3‐modified Pb(Ni,Nb)O3–PbZrO3–PbTiO3 (Mn‐PNN–PZ–PT) ceramics. Meanwhile, the depolarization temperature (Td) and the temperature corresponding to the εr,max (Tm) are enhanced relative to the pure counterpart. After annealing at 90°C, the sample with x = 0.3 shows the retained d33 value of 610 pC N−1, about 2.6 times larger than that with x = 0 counterpart, demonstrating a wider operating temperature range. These enhanced electromechanical properties originate from the internal bias field introduced by the defect dipoles and . It is verified that xMn‐PNN–PZ–PT ceramics have superior potential for high‐power application, meanwhile, paves a significant step toward enhancing the thermal stability of high‐temperature piezoceramics.
Arabidopsis phytochromes A and B synergistically repress SPA1 under blue light
Authors: Jia Xiaolin , Song Meifang , Wang Shaoci , Liu Tong , Wang Lijian , Guo Lin , Su Liang , Shi Yong , Zheng Xu , Yang Jianping
Published: November 2022

In Arabidopsis, although studies have demonstrated that phytochrome A (phyA) and phyB are involved in blue light signaling, how blue light‐activated phytochromes modulate the activity of the CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 (COP1)‐SUPPRESSOR OF PHYA‐105 (SPA1) E3 complex remains largely unknown. Here, we show that phyA responds to early and weak blue light, whereas phyB responds to sustainable and strong blue light. Activation of both phyA and phyB by blue light inhibits SPA1 activity. Specifically, blue light irradiation promoted the nuclear import of both phytochromes to stimulate their binding to SPA1, abolishing SPA1's interaction with LONG HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) to release HY5, which promoted seedling photomorphogenesis.
Oscillation of the orientation of cardiomyocyte aggregates in human left ventricle free wall
Authors: Wang Shunli , Cui Junning , Jing Yuhan , Varray François
Published: November 2022

Orientation of local cardiomyocyte aggregates in the human left ventricle free wall experiences an oscillation in the laminar structure regions, besides its gradual change trend. We described this oscillation using five transmural samples imaged at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility with an isotropic voxel size of 3.5 × 3.5 × 3.5 μm3. In the reconstructed volume of each sample, we manually selected a region containing a regular laminar structure as the region of interest and measured the distribution of the orientation of local cardiomyocyte aggregates inside using a Fourier‐based method. Then, we extracted the gradual change part of the orientation of cardiomyocyte aggregates with a three‐dimensional centered Gaussian filter and measured the angle between the original orientation vector of local cardiomyocyte aggregates and its gradual change part. Further, we assessed the measured angles in different local coordinates. The results indicate that the oscillation amplitude of the orientation of cardiomyocyte aggregates is regional in the left ventricle wall, which may promote our understanding of the rearrangement mechanism of the cardiomyocyte aggregates and provide a new biomarker to study the heart physiological status.
Designed for Home: Opportunities for Enhanced Ontological Security in Permanent Supportive Housing Apartments
Authors: Bollo Christina
Published: November 2022

To maximize the number of new dwelling units for people experiencing long–term homelessness, permanent supportive housing (PSH) developers have minimized the floor area of such units, creating very small studio apartments in purpose–built, single–site housing projects. The objective of this study was to reveal the variety of spatial organization patterns of these apartments and to assess if theoretical hallmarks of ontological security—constancy, the ability to conduct day–to–day routines, identity construction, freedom from surveillance—may be supported by design decisions. This is the first study to closely examine the interior layouts of such dwellings, despite 1,840,000 PSH apartments having been built in the past 13 years. The dataset is a representative sample of 24 PSH studio apartment floor plans. The archival plan analysis examined typological features of the apartments and the affordances and attributes related to the hallmarks of ontological security. A key finding is that overall layout is determined primarily by entry sequence decisions: constancy and freedom from surveillance may be enhanced by close attention to the layering of this space. A second key finding is that the ability to conduct day–to–day routines and construct identity may be enriched by apartment layout and storage provision. Thus, despite the size constraints of PSH apartments, designers could possibly enhance ontological security affordances through defined layout, ample storage, and a layered entry sequence. For PSH residents, achieving ontological security in their dwellings is a necessary step toward recovery from long–term homelessness.