bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Atrial fibrillation increased in-hospital and 4-year all-cause mortality in Critically ill patients with liver cirrhosis
Authors: Luo Yanting , Wu Bingyuan , Wu Yuankai , Peng Long , Li Zexiong , Zhu Jieming , Su Zhongzhen , Liu Jinlai , Li Suhua , Chong Yutian
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to use a large database that contains information on patient intensive care unit (ICU) admissions to study critically ill patients with cirrhosis and the relation with atrial fibrillation and short-term and 4-year mortality. MethodsThe Monitoring in Intensive Care Database III database was used to identify patients with cirrhosis hospitalized in an ICU from 2001 to 2012. Demographic and clinical data were extracted from the database. Clinical data and demographic information were collected for each patient in our study. Kaplan-Meier analysis and multivariate Cox regression models were performed to examine the relation between atrial fibrillation and in-hospital and 4-year all-cause mortality. ResultsA total of 1,481 patients (mean age 58 years, 68% male) with liver cirrhosis treated in an ICU were included in the analysis, and the prevalence of atrial fibrillation was 14.2%. The in-hospital all-cause mortality rate was 26.60%, and patients who had a significantly higher rate of atrial fibrillation (21.57% vs. 11.50%, P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis indicated that atrial fibrillation was significantly associated with in-hospital all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.52, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19 to 1.95; P < 0.001), and 4-year all-cause mortality (HR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.12 to 2.13; P = 0.008). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that patients with atrial fibrillation had a significantly higher in-hospital and 4-year all-cause mortality rate than patients without atrial fibrillation. ConclusionsCritically ill patients with liver cirrhosis have a significantly increased rate of atrial fibrillation, and the presence of atrial fibrillation is an independent risk for in-hospital and 4-year all-cause mortality.
Post-Reading Comprehension Questions and Task Types in Vision: A Locally Developed Textbook for Teaching English as a Foreign Language
Authors: Saidi Mavadat , Karami Nilufar , Marooy Morteza
Published: April 2021

Responding to the call for perusing the post-reading comprehension questions in various EFL textbooks, the current study aimed to investigate the post-reading comprehension questions and task types in the Vision series including three student books and their accompanying workbooks in light of Freeman’s (2014) taxonomy. Following a descriptive content analysis procedure, the post-reading comprehension questions in each student books and its accompanying workbook were categorized and counted by the researchers and the Kappa coefficient was 0.97. The results revealed that Content questions were the most dominant type in all the student books and workbooks except for Vision 3 in which Language questions were the most frequent of all. The results also showed that the highest frequency of post-reading comprehension questions belonged to Explicit (Content) and Form (Language) in student books and Explicit and Implicit (Content), Form (Language), and Personal Response (Affect) in workbooks. The results of Kruskal Wallis test of independent samples indicated a significant difference in terms of Affect type across the student books and workbooks of Vision series. The findings raise the EFL material developers’ awareness of the existing post-reading comprehension questions and tasks to enhance the quality of reading sections of EFL textbooks. The results also help the teachers to supplement the books with the missing types and take a comprehensive approach to developing the learners’ reading skills.
A Long Term Follow Up of Posterior Chamber Phakic Intraocular Lenses for Correcting Intractable Pediatric Myopic Anisometropic Amblyopia
Authors: Morkos Fathy Fawzy , Fawzy Nader F. , Bahrawy Mohamed El , Fathy Nada , Elkitkat Rania Serag
Published: April 2021

Background

Pediatric myopic anisometropic amblyopia is one of the most challenging clinical situations that can face an ophthalmologist. Conventional correction modalities for myopic anisometropic amblyopia, using spectacles, contact lenses, and/or occlusion therapy, may not be suitable for some pediatric patients or for some ocular conditions. This may lead to the development of amblyopia and loss of binocular vision. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the visual and refractive efficacy, safety, and stability of Posterior Chamber Phakic Intraocular Lenses (PC-pIOLs) for correcting pediatric myopic anisometropic amblyopia.
Methods

This case series, prospective, interventional study was conducted at Watany Eye Hospital, Cairo, Egypt. It comprised 42 eyes of 42 children with myopic anisometropic amblyopia and unsuccessful conventional therapy. After implantation of Intraocular Collamer Lenses “ICLs” (Visian ICL, Model V4c, STAAR Surgical, Monrovia, California, USA), postoperative follow up visits were scheduled, with subjective refraction and Pentacam imaging performed.
Results

The patients’ age range was 3 to 18 years (mean ± SD = 10.58 years ± 4.23). The mean preoperative SE was − 12.54 D ± 2.93. The results declared a significant improvement in the postoperative CDVA (P value < 0.01) and SE (P value < 0.01). The efficacy index had a value of 1.18 ± 0.3 and the safety index was 1.09 ± 0.24. The follow up visits had a mean ± SD of 14.67 months ± 16.56 (range of 1 to 54 months). The results showed a refractive stability, with slight (statistically insignificant) improvements in the subjective refraction between the first postoperative and the follow up visits. No postoperative complications were encountered.
Conclusions

The present study, with the longest reported follow up range, declared the long-term efficacy, safety, and stability of Visian ICLs for correcting pediatric myopic anisometropic amblyopia. The reported non-compliance with occlusion therapy validates the early implantation of Visian ICLs in cases of failed conventional therapy to guard against anisometropic amblyopia.
Analysis of Epidemiological Changes and Elimination Effects for Malaria in Handan City, China
Authors: Guo Ruiling , Zhuang Jing , Li Yanju , Deng Jian , Wang Xianfeng , Liu Jinsheng , Liang Shuang , Jin Zengjun
Published: April 2021

Background: The elimination of malaria requires high-quality surveillance data in order to detect and respond quickly to individual cases. In the 1960s and 1970s, Handan city experienced widespread malaria outbreaks, which was in line with the provincial and national epidemic patterns. Methods: Case-level data for the period 2011-2018 were extracted from China's National Infectious Diseases Information system and the rest cases were recorded municipal surveillance system from 1956-2010. Results: The incidence, accuracy and timeliness of case diagnosis, reporting and investigation in malaria were evaluated at elimination stage (2011-2018) in Handan city, China. From 2011 to 2018, 81 malaria cases were reported in Handan city, all of which were imported from abroad. The annual average incidence decreased to 0.11/100 000 in the elimination stage, while all malaria cases were male. Since the initiation of the National Malaria Elimination Programme in 2010, malaria cases were consistent with the increase in overseas export channels and personnel of labor services. Conclusions: The case-based malaria surveillance system in Handan worked well at the malaria elimination stage. This ensured that malaria cases could be diagnosed, reported and timely investigated at local level.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Natural Mutant of Feline Calicivirus Isolated From a Stray Cat
Authors: Li Hang , Wang Yuanhong , Chen Zongyan , Meng Chunchun , Liu Guangqing , Li Chuanfeng
Published: April 2021

During the period of the epidemiological surveillance of Feline calicivirus (FCV) isolates, a natural mutant of FCV, designated SH1909, was successfully isolated from a stray cat in Shanghai, China. The complete genome sequence of SH1909 was also determined in this study. Sequence comparison and analysis show that thirteen unique aa residues substitutions and single-aa insertion of N or Y were observed in SH1909 when compared with other FCV isolates. Phylogenetic analysis showed that SH1909 was assigned into a major evolutionary branch and distantly related to vaccine strains. These results indicated that SH1909 was a natural mutant of FCV circulating in China, which has the potential to escape from immunity of FCV vaccine.
Relationship between Maxillary Arch Shape and Maxillary Labial Bone Dimensions: A Pilot Study
Authors: Assari Ahmad , Shokry Shereen , Al-Senan Dana , Alsbaih Tasnim , Alanazi Mada , Alostaz Mohammed
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there is any relationship between the thickness of the labial alveolar bone wall in the anterior portion of the maxilla and arch shape.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty patients (age, 12–53 years) were selected from archived cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) cases. All maxillary front teeth were present in all the cases. The distance between the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) and the facial bone crest and the thickness of the labial alveolar bone wall at distances of 1, 3, and 5 mm apical to the facial bone crest were measured.RESULTS: The distance between the CEJ and the facial bone crest ranged from 2.24 mm and 3.08 mm. No significant differences were found between the thickness of the bone wall at 1, 3, and 5 mm apical to the crest. A significant difference was found between the U-shaped arch on one side and the V-shaped and square-shaped arches on the other side. The U-shaped arch and labial bone wall thickness were correlated at the 1-mm distance (F = (8, 276) = 3.24, p = 0.002). U-shaped and V-shaped arches were common in women, whereas square-shaped arches were common in men (χ2 = 105.5, p = 0.000).CONCLUSION: Our study is the first to associate arch shape and labial alveolar bone wall thickness.CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The association between the U-shaped arch and bone wall thickness may constitute a new indicator for the tendency of the labial alveolar bone to resorb after extraction and placement of endo-osseous implants.
Medical Research Conduct and Publication During Higher Education in Syria: Attitudes, Barriers, Practices, and Possible Solutions
Authors: Hanafi Ibrahem , Kassem Luma Haj , Hanafi Mouaz , Ahmad Sulafa , Abbas Ola , Hajeer Mohammad Younis , Alahdab Fares
Published: April 2021

Introduction:The huge workload on doctors especially residents, who are the main healthcare providers in public hospitals, in addition to the vanishing incomes and lack of personal safety during the decade-long Syrian crisis, led to further hurdles for the focus on research. Postgraduate students in the medical and paramedical fields must conduct original research projects as part of their graduation requirements. However, that does not reflect on the research publications coming from Syria.Methods:A nation-wide cross-sectional study targeting medical, dental, and pharmacy postgraduate students who are at the phase of planning for their required projects. The questionnaire aimed to capture their attitudes towards research, perceived barriers, and previous research experiences.Results:The sample consisted of 429 residents representing about 21.5% of the target population. Nearly all the participants had positive opinion towards the important role of medical research and the significance of their participation. Agreement was also clear regarding perceived barriers including the lack of adequate training, and research facility. Seventy-one percent of the participants were not involved in any research before the time of their master theses, less than 13% of them had submitted an article for publication, and less than 5% had submitted more than one paper. Poor internet connectivity and poor reading and writing English skills were decisive negative factors in previous research experiences. Active mentors’ support and self-paced education on research skills had a significant positive impact on students’ research contributions with odds ratios of 2.24 [1.34-3.74] (P=0.003) and 2.28 [1.47-3.52] (P<0.001) respectively.Conclusion:The attitudes of postgraduate students towards research were quite positive but hindered by several obstacles. Further integration of research practical training in the curriculums, allowing long-distance mentoring, enhancing collaboration between peers, as well as narrowing the distance between students and mentors may significantly boost research productivity in Syria despite the conflicts.
An eruption of LTR retrotransposons in the autopolyploid genomes of Chrysanthemum nankingense (Asteraceae)
Authors: Wang Haibin , He Jun , Yu Zhongyu , Jiang Jiafu , Chen Sumei , Fang Weimin , Guan Zhiyong , Liao Yuan , Chen Fadi
Published: April 2021

Background

Whole genome duplication, associated with the induction of widespread genetic changes, has played an important role in the evolution of many plant taxa. The majority of extant angiosperm species have undergone at least one polyploidization event, forming either an auto- or allopolyploid organism. Compared with allopolyploidization, however, few studies have examined autopolyploidization, and almost no studies have focused on the response of genetic changes to autopolyploidy.
Results

In the present study, newly synthesized C. nankingense autotetraploids (Asteraceae) were employed to characterize the genome shock following autopolyploidization. Available evidence suggested that the genetic changes primarily involved the loss of old fragments and the gain of novel fragments, and some novel sequences were potential long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons. As Ty1-copia and Ty3-gypsy elements represent the two main superfamilies of LTR retrotransposons, the dynamics of Ty1-copia and Ty3-gypsy were evaluated using RT-PCR, transcriptome sequencing and LTR retrotransposon-based molecular marker techniques. These results suggest that autopolyploidization might also be accompanied by perturbations of LTR retrotransposons, and the emergence retrotransposon insertions might show more rapid homologue divergence, resulting in diploid-like behaviour, potentially accelerating the evolutionary process among progenies.
Conclusions

Our results strongly suggest a need to expand current evolutionary framework to encompass a genetic dimension when seeking to understand genomic shock following autopolyploidization in Asteraceae.
Quality of Antenatal Care in Selected Public Health Facilities of West Ethiopia
Authors: Beyene Markos Desalegn , Nemomsa Amanuel , Wirtu Desalegn , Getachew Motuma , Kejela Gemechu , Merdassa Emiru , Diriba Workineh
Published: April 2021

Background: Ante natal care is a key entry point for a pregnant woman to receive abroad range of promotion and preventive health services. Objective: was to assess the quality of antenatal care services at public health facilities of western Ethiopia. Methods: Facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 30th to June 30th, 2016. All public health facilities in the zone were audited, 316 medical records were reviewed, and 316 pregnant women were interviewed. The data was entered using EPI Data version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Descriptive statistics, binary, and multiple logistic regressions were conducted. Variables with a P-value of <0.05 were considered as statistically significant predictors of the outcome variable.Results: A total of 316 pregnant women were enrolled in the study. All facilities were categorized as “good” by the possession of necessary equipment, 3/4 by basic amenities and 87.34% by general and gynecologic examination. The information was provided for 222(86.21%), which is categorized as poor.252 (79.7%) of the women were satisfied with ANC. A urine sample taken during ANC visit AOR 3.36(1.70, 6.61) and counseling on food eaten during pregnancy AOR 2.27(1.16, 4.45) were predictors of client satisfaction on ANC. Conclusions: The majority of pregnant women were satisfied with the ANC they received. A urine sample taken during the ANC visits and being counseled on the types of food eaten during pregnancy were predictors for client satisfaction on ANC. Concerned bodies need to improve laboratory tests and information provision.
Modeling the risk of introduction of non-native species by biofouling on ships' hulls: case study of Arzew port (Algeria)
Authors: KACIMI Adel , BOUDA Abderrahmane , BENSARI Bilel , BACHARI Nour El Islam , HOUMA Fouzia
Published: April 2021

Biofouling of ship hulls is considered as one of the oldest vectors for the transfer of aquatic invasive species. However, the introduction of non-native species by ballast water has received much more research attention. In this study, an alternative approach to dealing with biofouling was proposed for the port of Arzew, based on ship characteristics and transit routes. The strategy consisted of calculation of the surface area of biofouling of all ships calling at the port of Arzew during the period (2013–2016), to which was added spatial modeling using a Geographic Information System to highlight the most relevant information. We identified the areas that represented a high risk of species introduction according to their respective ecoregions of origin; those areas that constituted a minor risk, the type of ship that most likely promotes the establishment of non-native species by comparing the environmental similarity of the ecoregions assigned to the different ships with the environmental characteristics of the port of Arzew obtained by satellite imagery. The study showed that over a period of four years, 5,733 ships called at the port of Arzew, accumulating a total surface area of 35 million square meters. These results can be used for invasive species management purposes; such as: the application of specific regulations on ships of a certain tonnage that most promote the transfer of non-indigenous species, as well as their ecoregions of origin that present a great environmental similarity with the western Mediterranean, in order to minimize the transfer of aquatic invasive species.
Socio-economic inequality in anthropometry failure in children under 5 years in India: Evidence from the Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey 2016–18
Authors: Porwal Akash , Acharya Rajib , Ashraf Sana , Agarwal Praween Kumar , Ramesh Sowmya , Khan Nizamuddin , Sarna Avina , Johnston Robert
Published: April 2021

Background
Conventional indicators used to access the nutritional status of children tend to underestimate the overall undernutrition in the presence of multiple anthropometric failures. Further, factors contributing to the rich-poor gap in the composite index of anthropometric failure (CIAF) have not been explored.
Objective
To estimate the prevalence of CIAF and quantify the contribution of factors that explain the rich-poor gap in CIAF.
Methods
The present study used data of 38,060 children under the age of five and their biological mothers, drawn from the nationally representative Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey of children and adolescents aged 0–19 years in India. The CIAF outcome variables in this study provide an overall prevalence of undernutrition, with six mutually exclusive anthropometric measurements of height-for‐age, height‐for‐weight, and weight‐for‐age, calculated using the WHO Multicenter Growth Reference Study. Multivariate regression and decomposition analysis were used to examine the association between covariates with CIAF and to estimate the contribution of different covariates in the existing rich-poor gap.
Results
An overall CIAF prevalence of 48.2% among children aged 0–4 years was found in this study. 6.0% children had all three forms of anthropometric failures. The odds of CIAF were more likely among children belonging to poorest households (AOR: 2.41, 95% CI: 2.12–2.75) and those residing in urban area (AOR: 1.06, 95% CI 1.00-1.11). Children of underweight mothers and those with high parity were at higher risk of CIAF (AOR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.42–1.61) and (AOR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.08–1.22), respectively. Children of mother exposed to mass media were at lower risk of CIAF (AOR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.81–0.93).
Conclusion
This study estimated a composite index to assess the overall anthropometric failure, which also provides a broader understanding of the extent and pattern of undernutrition among children. Findings show that maternal covariates contribute the most to the rich-poor gap. As well, the findings suggest that intervention programs with a targeted approach are crucial to reach the most vulnerable groups and to reduce the overall burden of undernutrition.
The Factors Influencing Clinician Use of Hypertension Guidelines in Different Resource Settings: a Qualitative Study Investigating Clinicians’ Perspectives and Experiences.
Authors: Golestaneh Amelia Kataria , Clarke Jonathan M , Appelbaum Nicholas , Gonzalvez Carmen Rodriguez , Jose Arun P , Philip Richu , Poulter Neil , Beaney Thomas
Published: April 2021

Background: Hypertension accounts for the greatest burden of disease worldwide, yet hypertension awareness and control rates are suboptimal, especially within low- and middle-income countries. Guidelines can enable consistency of care and improve health outcomes. A small body of studies investigating clinicians’ perceptions and implementation of hypertension guidelines exists, mostly focussed on higher income settings. This study aims to explore how hypertension guidelines are used by clinicians across different resource settings, and the reasons for preferential use of certain hypertension guidelines.Methods: A qualitative approach was employed using convenience sampling and in-depth semi-structured interviews. Seventeen medical doctors were interviewed over video or telephone call from March to August 2020. Two clinicians worked in low-income countries, ten in middle-income countries, and five in high-income countries. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded inductively. Thematic analysis was used. Results: Three main themes emerged, each a level at which clinicians perceived influencing factors to be operating: health system, healthcare worker and patient. Within each theme, influencing factors were described as barriers to and facilitators of guideline use. Variation in themes occurred across income settings. Influencing factors at the health system level were accessibility of equipment and medications, workforce, and access to healthcare settings. At the healthcare worker level, usability of guidelines, trust in guidelines, attitudes and views about guidelines’ purpose, and relevance to patient populations were identified as subthemes. Patient centred influences were clinician perceived patient motivation and health literacy, and access to, and cost of treatment, although these represented doctors’ perceptions rather than patient perceived factors.Conclusions: This study adds a high level global view to previous studies investigating clinician perspectives on hypertension guideline use. Guidelines should be evidence-based, regularly updated and attention should be given to increasing applicability to LMICs and a range of healthcare professionals.
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis in the era of biological therapy: how the disease changed in 14 years of observation in a tertiary referral center in Rome (Italy)
Authors: Giudice Emanuela Del , Simio Claudia , Scala Andrea , Coste Annalisa Di , Torre Giuseppe La , Spadea Luca , Lubrano Riccardo , Duse Marzia , Paroli Maria Pia
Published: April 2021

Objectives

To describe the ophthalmological characteristics in a Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) cohort and to evaluate how therapeutic advances have changed the course of the uveitis.
Methods

Analysis of a retrospective cohort study of consecutive JIA pediatric patients including JIA-associated uveitis (JIA-U) and comparison with a previous study in the same uveitis center assessed before the wide-spread of biological therapy.
Results

49 JIA patients analyzed, of whom 18 JIA-U, compared with a JIA-U past cohort of 66 patients. Systemic corticosteroids were used significantly less in the current JIA-U group (p = 0.008) than in the past one. JIA-U present cohort were on therapy more frequently with conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (csDMARDs), than the past group (p = 0.039), mostly treated with methotrexate (93.3%). Furthermore, a larger use of biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) was described in the current JIA-U group (p = 0.005) also associated with csDMARDs (p = 0.003). Adalimumab was used more (72.7%) in the present JIA-U cohort compared to a larger treatment with infliximab (61.5%) in the past (p = 0.005). Higher number of uveitis recurrences was observed in the previous cohort compared to the current one (p = 0.005). Fewer complications were described in this study than in the previous: posterior synechiae (p = 0.007), cataract (p < 0.001), band keratopathy (p < 0.001), elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) (p = 0.047)
Conclusion.

Current therapies reduced the uveitis recurrences and ocular complications including cataract due also to the lower use of corticosteroids. The new close collaboration with the pediatric rheumatologic center in the same University has contributed to the care improvement and decrease of uveitis complications.
Signal Processing and Recognition Technology and Simulation of Radar Communication Integrated System
Authors: Zhang Na , Zhang Xiaomei , Tao Dongxiang , Ji Xiaojia
Published: April 2021

The integrated radar communication system combines the functions of radar and communication systems. It has attracted wide attention because of its advantages in effectively reducing electromagnetic interference between equipment and reducing equipment volume. However, there is no complete radar communication integrated signal design scheme so that the radar and communication system can operate well at the same time to achieve better detection and communication performance. In order to achieve better results for the integration of radar communication, this article summarizes and analyzes the existing research on integration of radar communication, and summarizes the realization of two design ideas of superimposed signal and single signal. The basic system composition of pulse radar and continuous wave radar, the working mechanism of radar speed and distance measurement and the basic composition of communication system are described. Research has proved that through the integration of radar communication, signal processing and identification are greatly improved, the signal transmission strength is more than 30% stronger than that without integration, and the transmission distance is 20% higher. Moreover, there are also great differences between the different integration methods. The fuzzy function used in this article is better than other experimental methods. This shows that the integrated radar communication system is the trend of future research on signal processing and recognition.
In vivo cartilage-formation potency of somatic stem cells is associated with responsiveness to TGFβ stimulation in vitro
Authors: Chijimatsu Ryota , Miwa Satoshi , Okamura Gensuke , Miyahara Junya , Tachibana Naohiro , Ishikura Hisatoshi , Higuchi Junya , Maenohara Yuji , Tsuji Shinsaku , Sameshima Shin , Takagi Kentaro , Nakazato Keiu , Kawaguchi Kohei , Yamagami Ryota , Inui Hiroshi , Taketomi Shuji , Tanaka Sakae , Saito Taku
Published: April 2021

Background: Somatic stem cell transplantation has been performed for cartilage injury, but the reparative mechanisms are still conflicting. The chondrogenic potential of stem cells are thought as promising features for cartilage therapy, however the correlation between their potential for chondrogenesis in vitro and in vivo remains undefined. The purpose of this study was to investigate the intrinsic chondrogenic condition depends on cell types and explore an indicator to select useful stem cells for cartilage regeneration.Methods: The chondrogenic potential of two different stem cell types derived from adipose tissue (ASCs) and synovium (SSCs) of mice and humans was assessed using bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP2) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1). Their reparative potential was also validated through transplantation into a mouse osteochondral defect model.Results: All cell types showed apparent chondrogenesis under the combination of BMP2 and TGFβ1 in vitro, as assessed by the formation of proteoglycan- and type 2 collagen (COL2)-rich tissues. However, our results vastly differed with those observed following single stimulation among species and cell types; apparent chondrogenesis of mouse ASCs, mouse SSCs, and human SSCs was observed with supplementation of BMP2, either BMP2 and TGFβ1, and BMP2, respectively. Human ASCs showed no chondrogenesis following single stimulation. Among human SSCs, two of six donors formed partially COL2-positive tissues in response to TGFβ1. However, unlike mouse cells, human cells showed fibrous components (COL1/3) with all treatments. Mouse SSCs formed hyaline-like cartilage (proteoglycan+/COL2+/COL1-/COL3-) in the transplanted site in vivo, but other cell types mainly formed COL1/3-positive fibrous tissues. Remarkably, only donors that showed chondrogenic response to TGFβ1 in vitro formed partially COL2-positive tissues in vivo. However, the area was mainly composed of COL1/3, indicating fibrous cartilage-like tissues.Conclusion: The chondrogenic response to TGFβ1 may represent the fate of stem cells when locally transplanted into cartilage defects.
Phenotype and genotype characteristics of neonatal onset inflammatory bowel disease with combined immunodeficiency of TTC7A deficiency in mainland China
Authors: Chen Yun e , Chen Jing fang , Guo Wen xing , Zhang Yan hong , Li Jia ling , Xie Hui , Shen Tong , Ge Yun sheng , Huang Yan ru , Zheng Wen ying , Lu Mei
Published: April 2021

Objective: To explore the characteristics of genotype and phenotype of neonatal onset inflammatory bowel disease with combined immunodeficiency caused by a novel TTC7A mutant. Methods: We summarized the clinical manifestations, imagings, endoscopic and histological findings, biochemical analyses,whole exon sequencing(WES), in silico and intervention of the patient. Results: The boy showed severe diarrhea, malnutrition, electrolyte disturbance, dehydration and recurrent infections after birth. X-ray and ultrasonic images displayed no specific changes. Endoscopic and histological findings showed chronic inflammation. Immune functions indicated combined immunodeficiency. WES identified compound heterozygote TTC7A mutations c.2355+4A>G/c.643G>T in the infant. No abnormal splicing sequence by c.2355+4A>G mutation was found in TTC7A expression analysis, but the mRNA expression decreased. There was no improvement after treatment with methylprednisolone and leflunomide. The infant died when he was given up at 5 months 19 days old. Conclusion: The compound heterozygote mutations (c.2355+4A>G, c.643G>T) in TTC7A gene were firstly described and confirmed. Our report expands the phenotypic spectrum of TTC7A mutaions and genotypic spectrum of very early onset inflammatory bowel disease with combined immunodeficiency.
Health-related quality of life and its influencing factors in individuals with high cardiovascular disease risk: a cross-sectional study based on EQ-5D utility scores in Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Cao Ning , Xi Yunfeng , Gao Yumin , Li Hailing , Liu Yanchao , Niu Liwei , Zhang Nan , Zhu Hao , Bao Han , Qiao Liying , Yan Tao , Fang Xin , Xu Xiaoqian , Li Lehui , Xia Yuan , Su Xiong , Wang Wenrui , Zhang Xingguang
Published: April 2021

Background

The high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) being associated with impaired Health-related quality of life (HRQoL). However, few studies have assessed the HRQoL of individuals with a high risk of CVD in Inner Mongolia, or even in China. We aimed to assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among individuals in Inner Mongolia with a high risk of CVD and its risk factors, to provide a reference to improve HRQoL in individuals with high CVD risk.
Methods

From 2015 to 2017, residents of six villages or communities in Inner Mongolia, selected using a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method, were invited to complete a questionnaire and undergo physical examination and laboratory testing. We selected participants whose predicted 10-year risk for CVD exceeded 10% as those with high CVD risk. HRQoL in individuals with high CVD risk was investigated based on the EuroQol-5 Dimension (EQ-5D) scale. The Chinese utility value integral system was used to calculate EQ-5D utility scores, and the Tobit regression model were used to analyze the influencing factors of HRQoL among individuals with high CVD risk.
Results

Of 13,359 participants with high CVD risk, 65.63% reported no problems in any of the five dimensions; the most frequently reported difficulty was pain/discomfort. The mean utility score was 1.000 (0.869, 1.000). Tobit regression analysis showed that sex, age, education level, residence area, household income, physical activity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia were influencing factors of HRQoL.
Conclusion

We found that female sex, older age, living in an urban area, lower education level, lower household income, and lower physical activity levels were associated with reduced HRQoL. People with a high risk of CVD should maintain their blood glucose and lipid levels within the normal range.
Survival effect of postoperative radiotherapy combined with lymph nodes examined on cavity squamous cell carcinoma patients with stage T1-2N1M0: a propensity‑adjusted SEER database analysis
Authors: Jiang Wen-Mei , Fang Zhong-Yi , Li Yu-Dong , Wei Huan-Ye , Yang An-Kui , Chen Yan-Feng , Zhang Quan
Published: April 2021

Background

To explore the association between postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) combined with lymph nodes examined (LNE) and the survival outcome for pT1-2N1M0 oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) patients.
Methods

This study retrieved patients who underwent dissection of primary site and neck lymph nodes for pT1-2N1 OCSCC without adverse nodal features from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database from 2004 to 2015. Patients were divided into groups according if PORT was conducted. Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was conducted and the best cut-off value of the LNE was determined by X-tile. Cancer-specific survival (CSS) was the primary outcome. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to assess the relation between PORT and CSS, adjusting for other prognostic factors.
Results

A total of 469 patients were finally enrolled according to our exclusion criteria and then 170 pairs of patients were matched by PSM. The best cut-off value of the LNE was determined by X-tile, stratifying patients into LNE ≤ 16 group and LNE > 16 group. For the whole matched cohort, whether patients chose PORT had no correlation with other factors (all p > 0.05), and it revealed that PORT made no contribution to a better survival outcome for patients (p = 0.253). While stratified by the LNE, among the LNE ≤ 16 group, a statistically significant improved CSS was found for those who undertook PORT (hazard ratio, 0.521; 95% confidence interval, 0.294–0.925; p = 0.022).
Conclusions

The PORT made no contribution on CSS of OCSCC patients with pT1-2N1M0 stage on the whole cohort. While among the LNE ≤ 16 group, PORT conferred a superior CSS compared with surgery only, indicating the necessity for surgeons to conduct a thorough neck dissection.
The Influence of NDRG1 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms on Glioma Risk and Prognosis in Chinese Han Population
Authors: Li Nan , Shi Hangyu , Hou Pengfei , Gao Lu , Shi Yongqiang , Mi Weiyang , Zhang Gang , Wang Ning , Dai Wei , Wei Lin , Shi Yongzhi , Guo Shiwen
Published: April 2021

Background: glioma is a highly fatal malignant tumor with a high recurrence rate. We aimed to determine the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of NDRG1 and glioma risk and prognosis in the Chinese Han population.Methods: 5 candidate SNPs were genotyped by Agena MassARRAY; logistic regression was used to analyze the association between SNPs and glioma risk; We used multi-factor dimensionality reduction to analyze the interaction of ‘SNP-SNP’; the prognosis analysis was performed by log-rank test, Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox regression model.Results: our results showed that the rs3808599 was associated with the reduction of glioma risk in all participants (p = 0.024) and the participants ≤40 years old (p = 0.020). rs3802251 may reduce glioma risk in all participants (p = 0.008), the male (p = 0.033) or astrocytoma patients (p = 0.023). rs3779941 was associated with poor glioma prognosis in the all participants (p = 0.039) or astrocytoma patients (p = 0.038). We also found that the key factors for glioma prognosis may include surgical operation, radiotherapy and chemotherapy.Conclusion: this study is the first to find that NDRG1 gene polymorphisms may have a certain association with glioma risk or prognosis in the Chinese Han population.
HRCT Features Between Lepidic-Predominant Type and Other Pathological Subtypes in Early-Stage Invasive Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma Appearing as a Ground-Glass Nodule
Authors: Zhang Pengju , Li Tianran , Tao Xuemin , Jin Xin , Zhao Shaohong
Published: April 2021

Background: We aimed to investigate the high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) features of lepidic-predominant type and other pathological subtypes of early-stage (T1N0M0) invasive pulmonary adenocarcinoma appearing as a ground-glass nodule (GGN). Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis on clinical data and HRCT features of 630 lesions in 589 patients with pathologically confirmed invasive pulmonary adenocarcinomas presenting as pure GGN and mixed GGN [consolidation-to-tumor ratio (CTR), <0.5] from January to December 2019. All GGNs were classified as lepidic-predominant adenocarcinoma (LPA) and nonlepidic-predominant adenocarcinoma (n-LPA) groups. Univariate analysis was performed to analyze the difference of clinical data and HRCT features between the LPA and n-LPA groups. Multivariate analysis was conducted to determine the variables to distinguish the LPA from n-LPA group independently. The diagnostic performance of different parameters was compared using receiver operating characteristic curves. Results: In total, 367 GGNs in the LPA group and 263 GGNs in the n-LPA group were identified. In the univariate analysis, the CTR, mean computed tomography (CT) values, and mean diameters as well as mixed GGN, deep lobulation, spiculation, vascular change, bronchial change, and tumor–lung interface were smaller in the LPA group than in the n-LPA group (P < 0.05). Logistic regression model was reconstructed including the mean CT value, deep lobulation, and vascular change (P < 0.001), as well as CTR, spiculation, and bronchial change (P < 0.05). Area under the curve of the logistic regression model for differentiating LPA and n-LPA was 0.840 (76.4% sensitivity, 78.7% specificity), which was significantly higher than that of the mean CT value or CTR (both P < 0.05). Conclusions: HRCT features were helpful in differentiating lepidic-predominant type from other subtypes in early-stage GGN invasive pulmonary adenocarcinoma. The mean CT value of <−472.5 HU and CTR of <27.4% were highly suspected in lepidic-predominant invasive pulmonary adenocarcinoma.
Omentectomy in Combination With Hysterectomy As a Remedial Procedure Improves Disease-Free Survival of Patients With Occult Uterine Sarcoma Undergoing Morcellation: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Ding Chao , Zhu Jianqing
Published: April 2021

Background：Tumor morcellation happened to facilitate iatrogenic metastasis for patients with occult uterine sarcoma. The optimal remedial procedure for these patients needed to be established. Methods：Data were retrospectively collected and analyzed from patients with occult uterine sarcoma undergoing morcellation. Results：23 consecutive patients with uterine sarcomas undergoing morcellation were accessed between Jan 2008 and Dec 2018, including 15 patients with uterine leiomyosarcoma and 8 with endometrial stromal sarcoma. Hysterectomy + omentectomy as a remedial procedure was significantly associated with better disease-free survival (P=0.031), and all 7 patients undergoing the previous procedure remain disease free. However, nether simple hysterectomy (P=0.194) nor adjuvant therapy (P=0.159) had such benefits. There was no significant difference in disease-free survival between laparoscopic and open surgery (p=0.321). Conclusion：Hysterectomy + omentectomy was considered as the optimal remedial procedure for patients with occult uterine sarcoma undergoing morcellation.
The Value of Preoperative Blood Neutrophil-Lymphocyte, White Blood Cell-Lymphocyte, Monocyte-Lymphocyte, and Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratios in Predicting the Malignant Potential of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Yan Lizhao , Cao Yinghao , Deng Shenghe , Gu Junnan , Mao Fuwei , Xue Yifan , Li Hang , Liu Xinghua
Published: April 2021

Background: To investigate the predictive value of the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), white blood cell-lymphocyte ratio (WLR), monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in grading the malignant potential of the gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST).Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 843 GIST patients who underwent surgery during hospitalisation from June 2016 to July 2020 and 374 unrelated healthy controls. Demographic data were collected for each participant, including age, gender, body mass index, laboratory test results, and pathological results. We compared the NLR, WLR, MLR, and PLR between GIST and healthy individuals, as well as among patients with different risk grades of GIST.Results: NLR, WLR, MLR, and PLR values of patients with GIST were significantly increased compared with those of the control group (P<0.05). These values also showed statistically significant differences among the four risk degree groups. The NLR, WLR, MLR, and PLR values of the high-risk group were significantly higher than those of the very low-risk group, low-risk group, and intermediate-risk group (p<0.001). The NLR, WLR, MLR, and PLR showed a high predictive value in the high-risk group, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.802, 0.824, 0.866, and 0.814, and a cut-off value of 2.059, 3.347, 0.221, and 141.4, respectively.Conclusion: Preoperative NLR, WLR, MLR, and PLR have a high predictive value for grading the malignant potential of GIST, especially in the high-risk group. These values provide a convenient and inexpensive way to determine preoperative chemotherapy and surgical strategies.
The Associated Clinicopathologic Characteristics of Nipple-Areola Complex Involvement in Breast Cancer
Authors: HUANG WEILING , Zenan Huang , Hua Jiang , Lin Cheng , Tai Mu , Li Xi
Published: April 2021

Background. At present,the indication for nipple-sparing mastectomy（NSM）remains inconclusive,and the occult NAC involvement （NI）is one of the most considerable problem when carrying out NSM.We aimed at identifying the predictive factors of NAC involvement,to provide an implement of selecting suitable NSM candidates.Methods. The association between the NI and tumorous clinicopathologic characteristics of 272 mastectomies and 31 therapeutic NSM performed in our hospital from 2016 to 2018，were retrospectively evaluated.Results.38 of 272（14.0%）mastectomies and 2 of 31（6.5%）NSM were confirmed to have NAC involvement, and all the intraoperative frozen section examination of the sub-areolar/nipple tissue were consistent with the permanent section examination in NSM. The median follow-up durations for NSM was 24 months,local recurrence occurred in 1 of 30（3.2%） patients.Among 272 mastectomies，the NAC involvement showed significant association with the abnormal nipple signs（P＜0.001），tumor size ＞4cm measured by ultrasound （P＜0.001）and gross pathologic samples（P＜0.001），tumor-nipple distance ＜1cm（P=0.003），central location（P＜0.001），lymph node metastasis（P=0.004），and HER2 overexpression（P=0.023）.A preoperative predictive model of NAC involvement utilizing nipple signs(normal or abnormal),tumor size(≤4cm or ＞4cm),tumor location(central or peripheral) showed a PPV of 85.7% and a NPV of 90.3%.Conclusions.The local recurrence rate after NSM is low （3.2%）in our study，and the intraoperative frozen section examination plays an important role in the procedure of NSM.Further more，we proposed a predictive model of the NAC involvement utilizing the preoperative tumorous characteristics，including the nipple signs，tumor size measured by ultrasound，and the tumor location.This predictive model could be working in the planning of breast cancer surgery.
Using PyC modified 3D carbon fiber to reinforce UHTC under low temperature sintering without pressure
Authors: DU Baihe , Cheng Yuan , XUN Liancai , ZHANG Shuchang , TONG Jing , LV Qingrong , ZHOU Shanbao , Hu Ping , ZHANG Xinghong
Published: April 2021

To find the optimum balance between strength and toughness, as well as acquiring reliable thermal shock resistance and oxidation resistance, has always been the most concerned topic in the discussion of ultra-high temperature ceramic composites. Herein, PyC modified 3D carbon fiber is used to reinforce ultra-high temperature ceramic. The macroscopic block composite with large size is successfully fabricated through ultra-low temperature sintering at 1300°C without pressure. The prepared PyC modified 3D Cf/ZrC-SiC composites simultaneously possess excellent physical and chemical stability under the synergistic effect of PyC interface layer and ultra-low temperature sintering without pressure. The fracture toughness is increased in magnitude to 13.05 ± 1.72 MPa∙m1/2 accompanied by reliable flexural strength of 251 ± 27 MPa. After rapid thermal shock spanning from RT to 1200°C, there is no visible surface penetrating cracks, spalling or structural fragmentation. The maximum critical temperature difference reaches 875°C, which is nearly three times higher than that of traditional monolithic ceramics. The haunting puzzle of intrinsic brittleness and low damage tolerance are resolved fundamentally. Under the protection of PyC interface layer, the carbon fibers around oxide layer and matrix remain structure intact after static oxidation at 1500°C for 30 min. The oxide layer has reliable physical and chemical stability and resist the erosion from fierce oxidizing atmosphere, ensuring the excellent oxidation resistance of the composites. In a sense, the present work provides promising universality in designability and achievement of 3D carbon fiber reinforced ceramic composites.