bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Most Common Sports-Related Injuries in a Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Monroe Kathy W. , Thrash Chris , Sorrentino Annalise , King William D.
Published: September 2010

Background: Participation in sports is a popular activity for children across the country. Prevention of sports-related injuries can be improved if details of injuries are documented and studied.

Methods: A retrospective medical record review of injuries that occurred as a direct result of sports participation (both organized and non-organized play) from November 2006 to November 2007. Because the vast majority of injuries were a result of participation in football or basketball, these injuries were focused upon. The injuries specifically examined were closed head injury (CHI), lacerations and fractures.

Results: There were 350 football and 196 basketball injuries (total 546). Comparing injuries between the two groups fractures were found to be more prevalent in football compared to basketball (z = 2.14; p = 0.03; 95%CI (0.01, 0.16)). Lacerations were found to be less prevalent among helmeted patients than those without helmets. (z = 2.39; p = 0.02; 95%CI (-0.17,-0.03)). CHI was more prevalent among organized play compared to non-organized (z = 3.9; p<0.001; 95%CI (0.06, 0.16)). Among basketball related visits, non-organized play had a higher prevalence of injury compared to organized play. (z = 2.87; p = 0.004; 95% CI (0.04, 0.21)). Among football related visits, organized play had a higher prevalence of injury compared to non-organized play (z = 2.87; p = 0.004; 95%CI (0.04,.0.21)). No differences in fracture or laceration prevalence were found between organized and non-organized play.

Conclusions: Football and basketball related injuries are common complaints in a pediatric Emergency Department. Frequently seen injuries include CHI, fractures and lacerations. In our institution, fractures were more prevalent among football players and CHI was more prevalent among organized sports participants.
Neonatal Outcomes of Pierre Robin Sequence: An Institutional Experience
Authors: Al-Samkari Hanny T. , Kane Alex A. , Molter David W. , Vachharajani Akshaya
Published: September 2010

Objective: The aim of this study was to characterize the outcomes of one institute’s experience regarding upper airway and feeding management in Pierre Robin sequence (PRS) neonates. Study Design: A retrospective review of 33 neonates was performed. Average daily weight gain for all patients and average length of stay for each group was calculated and the results were compared using Student’s t test. Result: Average daily weight gain was 16.5 g in the mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO) group (MDO; N = 12) and 5.6 g in the nonsurgical intervention (NSI) group (N = 18; P = .043). Average length of stay was longer in the MDO group ( P = .01). In all, 67% of MDO patients were discharged with total PO (per os) feeds compared with 22% of NSI patients. Conclusion: Neonates with PRS who do not require surgical airway intervention are more likely to require assisted feeding, have slower weight gain, and a shorter average hospital stay compared to neonates undergoing mandibular MDO.
Observations in Psychotropic Medication Usage in Patients With Behavior Disorders Presenting to a Specialty Clinic
Authors: Seyfer Daisha L. , Van Dyke Don C. , Wacker David P. , McConkey Stacy A. , Cooper-Brown Linda , Bachmeyer Melanie H. , Kreiter Clarence D.
Published: September 2010

In recent decades, national and international surveys have reported increased usage of psychotropic medications in children. A review of the computerized clinic records for 709 children seen in a behavioral specialty clinic from January 2001 to December 2007, inclusive, in a rural US state was completed. The number of children diagnosed with disruptive behavior disorder/behavior management issues increased over the 7-year period, but this was balanced by an increased number of referrals. The number of children referred over the 7-year period increased from 77 in 2001 to 127 in 2006, a 39% increase. The overall percentage of children on medications at time of first visit showed some variability, but it did not increase over the years 2001 to 2007. The results of this study suggest that the previously reported increase in psychotropic medication usage in pediatric patients is not consistent across all diagnostic categories or in all regions of the United States.
Which Sources of Child Health Advice Do Parents Follow?
Authors: Moseley Kathryn L. , Freed Gary L. , Goold Susan D.
Published: September 2010

Background: Parents consult other child health information sources in addition to the pediatrician. There are little data describing which of these sources parents are likely to follow. Methods: The authors surveyed 543 parents of patients in 6 pediatric practices in southeast Michigan shortly after an office visit to determine the degree to which parents report following advice from 7 common child health sources on a scale from 1 ( don’t follow at all) to 7 ( follow completely). Results: Pediatrician advice was more completely followed than other sources with mothers a distant second. Although 96% of parents used the Internet to find child health information, few followed most of the advice found there. White parents were 3 times more likely than African Americans to follow advice from television and newspapers. Conclusion: Parents rely on child health advice from the pediatrician and their mother. Other sources are consulted but not widely followed.
Beyond the Nation’s Capital: Minority Students’ Stumbling on the Tracks After Hobson
Authors: McPherson Ezella
Published: September 2010

The U.S. District of Columbia’s Federal Circuit Court decision in Hobson v. Hanson (1967) case eliminated racial discriminatory tracking practices in the nation’s capitol’s public schools. The court ruled that D.C. Public Schools’ tracking violated African American and low income students’ rights to equal opportunities to education under the equal protection and due process clauses of the 14th Amendment. While D.C. Public Schools eradicated school tracking, it continued in other urban schools. This article examines the Federal Court’s role in the perpetuation of school tracking practices and challenges minority students’ access to equal educational opportunities in schools with tracked classrooms. It also addresses the need for equitable schools to provide all students with the opportunity to learn.
Readiness for Change: Appropriation of External Resources in Two Urban Schools
Authors: Naraian Srikala , Brown Kathleen S. , Navarro Virginia
Published: September 2010

There are few instances in the literature on urban school reform that have closely studied specific school buildings to describe the grant resource appropriation process. This study attempts to fill that gap by developing case studies of two middle schools with divergent profiles in resource utilization through micro-ethnographies. One school exhibited optimal engagement with opportunities made available through a large federally funded grant, whereas the second school failed to do the same through this initiative. We investigated how the unique features of these schools and key individuals within them intersected with the structure of the grant program to shape the nature of school engagement. These two case study narratives illuminate the range of factors that might be implicated in the implementation of school reform initiatives, particularly in urban settings.
Examining the Influence of Perceived Discrimination During African American Adolescents’ Early Years of High School
Authors: Thompson Aisha R. , Gregory Anne
Published: September 2010

Research has identified successful transitions from middle to high school as critical for students’ academic success. Identifying risks and protective factors associated with challenge or success in the early years of high school is crucial, especially for African American students who are disproportionately represented in the ranks of adolescents who underachieve in academics, receive school discipline sanctions, and drop out of high school. The present study examined risks associated with perceived discrimination and the protective function of school racial support and two aspects of African American adolescent identity (identification with academics and racial centrality). This study followed a sample of 46 low-achieving African American students through the first 2 years of high school. Findings showed that over and above the negative influence of discrimination and levels of ninth-grade classroom engagement, students’ identification with academics in the ninth grade was a strong predictor of tenth-grade classroom engagement. This finding points to the promise of identification with academics as a protective factor which could help adolescents reach their academic potential.
Linking Parental Motivations for Involvement and Student Proximal Achievement Outcomes in Homeschooling and Public Schooling Settings
Authors: Ice Christa L. , Hoover-Dempsey Kathleen V.
Published: September 2010

A notable increase in the number of U.S. families choosing to homeschool their children in recent years has underscored the need to develop more systematic knowledge about this approach to education. Drawing on a theoretical model of parental involvement as well as research on families’ social networks, this study longitudinally examines home- and public-school parents’ motivations for home-based involvement in their fourth through eighth grade children’s education at two time points. The study also examines whether involvement activities predicted student proximal achievement outcomes (academic self-efficacy, intrinsic motivation for learning, and self-regulatory strategy use) across the two groups. Results suggest that parental self-efficacy for involvement, specific invitations from the child, and parent social networks are positively related to home-based parental involvement across the groups, although home- and public-school parents recorded significantly different perceptions of personal self-efficacy, role activity beliefs, social networks, and child proximal achievement outcomes. Findings are discussed with reference to implications for future research and practice.
Metal Detectors and Feeling Safe at School
Authors: Gastic Billie
Published: September 2010

This article argues that metal detectors bestow an organizational stigma to schools. One symptom of this is students’ heightened level of fear at school. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) and a matched-pair design, this study finds that metal detectors are negatively correlated with students’ sense of safety at school, net of the level of violence at school. However, this association is different for urban students. The negative association between metal detectors and urban students’ sense of safety is 13% less than what it is for students attending suburban or rural schools.
Content Analysis of Children’s Mathematics Proficiency
Authors: Lee Joohi , Fox Jill , Brown Amber L.
Published: September 2010

In this study, 244 children (average age: 61 months) and their parents from the Dallas and Fort Worth metroplex area in Texas were surveyed to investigate children’s proficiency in mathematics content on numbering, sizes, comparisons, and shapes. The researchers investigated children’s proficiency in mathematics associated with children’s gender, ethnic background, and prekindergarten experience. Major findings of this study were as follows: (a) no gender differences were found in mathematics proficiency in all content areas; (b) among four major ethnic groups of children, White children showed higher proficiency in all mathematics content areas than other racial/ethnic groups including African American, Hispanic, and Asian children; (c) children without prekindergarten experiences outperformed children who had prekindergarten experiences in all mathematics content areas except “numbering.” No significant mean differences were found in “numbering” between these two groups.
Creating Taxonomies to Improve School–Home Connections With Families of Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Learners
Authors: Linse Caroline Teresa
Published: September 2010

Families of culturally and linguistically diverse pupils often do not participate fully in their children’s school-based education. The purpose of this article is to introduce taxonomies as a means to examine and improve school practices and levels of responsiveness to families whose home language is not English, so that families feel more comfortable connecting with their child’s school community. Taxonomies can provide a vital framework, and tool that schools can use to evaluate and improve the school–home contacts that take place. The taxonomies introduced in this article are based on a compilation of a variety of theoretical premises concerning parent involvement and the education of linguistically and culturally diverse learners.
Community-Based Education and Social Capital in an Urban After-School Program
Authors: Miller Peter M.
Published: September 2010

This qualitative case study examined how social capital development was facilitated in an urban after-school program. Specific attention was devoted to identifying structures and strategies that helped student participants develop social capital, the types of social networks that were developed through program participation, and the outcomes that were attributed to these networks. The findings suggest that the program’s purposeful design and skillful implementation presented students with opportunities to forge heterogeneous and bridging relationships that fundamentally shaped their learning experiences and their future social, educational, and professional aspirations.
Trends and Directions in Contemporary Theology: An Introduction
Authors: Riches John
Published: September 2010

An introduction to the forthcoming series on trends and directions in theology today.
Liberal Theology
Authors: Hodgson Peter C.
Published: September 2010

Liberal theology refers not to a limited and now outmoded phase of modern theology; rather it is the distinctive feature of modern theology itself, starting with the Enlightenment and continuing to the present time. Criticisms of it by postliberal and radically orthodox theologies can be both appreciated and responded to by arguing for a radical liberalism that goes to the liberality at the root of the Christian gospel, which is simply God—the God who is freedom and gives freedom. Freedom applies to the sources of liberal theology. There is not a single, infallible, immutable source, but a plurality of sources: scripture, tradition, reason, experience, and culture. Interpretation arises from the conflict and interplay of these sources. The norm of all Christian interpretation is the redemption revealed and accomplished in Christ. The article identifies six marks of a liberal theology for today: a free and open theology, a critically constructive theology, an experiential theology, a visionary, spiritual, holistic theology, a prophetic, culturally transformative theology, and a mediating, correlational theology. With these marks, theology is made relevant to the contemporary world and provides resources for church renewal.
Overweight, obesity and strong attitudes: Predicting participation in physical activity in a predominantly Hispanic college population
Authors: Magoc Dejan , Tomaka Joe , Thompson Sharon
Published: September 2010

Background: Obesity is the leading cause of preventable death and conveys risk for diabetes, hypertension, heart disease and stroke. Overweight and obesity are common among college students, with surveys showing 35 per cent of college students to be overweight. Unhealthy diets and low physical activity are the major causes.

Objective: To examine rates of obesity, participation in exercise and predictors of exercise among a predominantly Hispanic (72 per cent) college student sample.

Methods: Three hundred and ninety two students completed questionnaires as part of a general health screening.

Results: General participation in exercise is high (61 per cent), but the majority (69 per cent) do not meet the CDC recommendations for physical activity. Also, Exercise Importance and Gender were strong predictors of participation in physical activity and exercise in this sample.

Conclusion: Strong attitudes are an important determinant of participation in physical activity in this sample. Future studies might explore these relationships among other ethnic/demographic groups, as well as test the effectiveness of attitude change interventions for increasing physical activity.
Demonstration-Based Training: A Review of Instructional Features
Authors: Rosen Michael A. , Salas Eduardo , Pavlas Davin , Jensen Randy , Fu Dan , Lampton Donald
Published: September 2010

Objective: This article reviews instructional features used in demonstration-based training (DBT).

Background: The need for fast and effective training and performance support that can be accessed from anywhere is a growing need for organizations. DBT programs are one method to address these needs, but a better understanding of how to maximize the effectiveness of DBT activities is needed. Specifically, beyond the content of the demonstration (i.e., the dynamic example of task performance), what instructional features (i.e., information and activities in addition to the demonstration) can be used to improve the effectiveness of DBT interventions?

Method:The authors conducted a systematic review of the applied and basic science literatures relevant to DBT.

Results: Instructional features in DBT can be categorized according to the degree to which they encourage active learner involvement (i.e., active vs. passive), when they occur relative to viewing the demonstration (i.e., pre-, during-, and postdemonstration conditions), and the observational learning process they are intended to augment. Five categories of instructional features are described: passive guidance or support, preparatory activities, concurrent activities, retrospective activities, and prospective activities.

Conclusion: There is a wide variety of instructional features used in DBT, but more systematic research is needed to understand the conditions under which each is most effective as well as to outline a method for sequencing of demonstration with other delivery methods, such as practice opportunities.

Application: The framework presented in this article can help guide the systematic development of training systems incorporating DBT as well as provide a direction for future research.
Cultural Behaviour and the Invention of Traditions: Music and Musical Practices in the Early Concentration Camps, 1933-6/7
Authors: Fackler Guido
Published: September 2010

This article investigates music in the concentration camps before the second world war. For the camp authorities, ordering prisoners to sing songs or play in orchestras was an instrument of domination. But for the prisoners, music could also be an expression of solidarity and survival: inmates could retain a degree of their own agency in the pre-war camps, despite the often unbearable living conditions and harsh treatment by guards. The present article emphasizes this ambiguity of music in the early camps. It illustrates the emergence of musical traditions in the pre-war camps which came to have a significant impact on everyday life in the camps. It helps to overcome the view that concentration camp prisoners were simply passive victims.
The Role of the Concentration Camps in the Nazi Repression of Prostitutes, 1933-9
Authors: Harris Victoria
Published: September 2010

This article uses prostitutes as a case study in order to investigate the role of the early concentration camps as centres of detention for social deviants. In contrasting the intensification of repressive policies towards prostitutes against narratives which demonstrate the unexpectedly lax treatment of these women, it explores what the reasons behind these contradictions might have been, and what this demonstrates about the development of these institutions. It asks the following questions. How and why were prostitutes interned? Which bureaucrats were responsible for incarcerating these women and what did they view the role of the camp to be? Were such policies centrally directed or the product of local decision-making? Through asking these questions, the article explores to what extent these camps were unique as mechanisms for the repression and marginalization of prostitutes.
‘God is on our side’: The anatomy of an ideology
Authors: Kirk J. Andrew
Published: September 2010

The article discusses the twin and, to a certain extent, reciprocal ideas of ‘Manifest Success’ and ‘Manifest Destiny.’ It argues that, as developed respectively by certain streams of thought within Islamic communities and religiously motivated political movements within the USA, they both display strong ideological characteristics in the negative sense. Apart from the historical evidence that contradicts their utopian aspirations, the sense of identity and destiny which they wish to inspire is politically dangerous for being illusory. Muslims and Christians need to be aware of the ideological instrumentalising of their faith traditions, in order to be able to repudiate the undesirable appropriation of their core beliefs.
Close Encounters of the Muslim Kind: The CMS and Islam on the East African Coast, 1874-1911
Authors: Sanders Ethan R.
Published: September 2010

When the Anglican Church Missionary Society (CMS) started work on the East African coast in 1874 it had no intention of working among Muslims, nor did it mention Islam as a motivation for its desire to work with the people of the interior. This was due largely to the fact that members of the mission thought Islam in the region was stagnant and posed no threat to their work. As the organisation expanded inland, and as missionaries observed the Muslims of the region, its attitudes and strategies towards Islam started to change. This article explores the reasons for these changes and discusses the early relations between missionaries and Muslims.
Hundred years of Christian-Muslim Relations
Authors: Singh David Emmanuel
Published: September 2010

The focus here is not on discussing theology of mission/religions but on outlining the developments in Christian thinking on it since Edinburgh 1910 with particular reference to Muslims/Islam. The notion of ‘interfaith’ or ‘Christian-Muslim relations’ is not a new one but it is being re-discovered and nurtured by many Christians concerned about the tremendous deficit of trust between Muslims and Christians in the backdrop of a long history of polemics, confrontation and conflicts.
Historical Overview of Inter-Faith Relations in the Islamic Countries: The Presence of Christian Monks and Monasteries as Signposts of Faith
Authors: Cochrane Steve
Published: September 2010

This paper examines a little known aspect of the history of inter-faith relations in Muslim countries; the presence and role of Christian monks and monasteries. Particular attention is given to Muslim attitudes and writings on monasticsm, including in the Qur’an and Hadith, the 9th century in Iraq as an important period of Muslim-Christian interactions, and present and future implications of Christian monasteries in inter-faith relations. By describing these institutions and their place in Islamic society, it is hoped that an alternate story can be told to the usually dominant paradigm of Crusade/Jihad based discourse.
Carbon and nitrogen mineralization in a vineyard soil amended with grape marc vermicompost
Authors: Paradelo Remigio , Moldes Ana Belén , Barral María Teresa
Published: September 2010

Vineyard soils in many areas suffer from low organic matter contents, which can be the cause of negative effects such as increasing the risk of erosion, so the use of organic amendments must be considered a good agricultural practice. Even more, if grape marc is recycled as a soil amendment in the vineyards, benefits from a good waste management strategy are also obtained. In the present study, a grape marc from the wine region of Valdeorras (north-west Spain) was used for the production of vermicompost, and this added to a vineyard soil of the same area in a laboratory study. Mixtures of soil and grape marc vermicompost (2 and 4%, dry weight) were incubated for ten weeks at 25°C and the mineralization of C and N studied. The respiration data were fitted to a first-order kinetic model. The rates of grape marc vermicompost which should be added to the vineyard soil in order to maintain the initial levels of organic matter were estimated from the laboratory data, and found to be 1.7 t ha−1 year−1 of bulk vermicompost (if the present mean temperature is considered) and 2.1 t ha−1 year−1 of bulk vermicompost (if a 2°C increment in temperature is considered), amounts which could be obtained recycling the grape marc produced in the exploitation.
A study on the recycling of scrap integrated circuits by leaching
Authors: Lee Ching-Hwa , Tang Li-Wen , Popuri Srinivasa R
Published: September 2010

In order to minimize the problem of pollution and to conserve limited natural resources, a method to recover the valuable metals such as gold, silver and copper) present in the scrap integrated circuits (ICs) was developed in the present study. Roasting, grinding, screening, magnetic separation, melting and leaching were adopted to investigate the efficiency of recovery of gold, silver and copper from scrap ICs. The collected scrap IC samples were roasted at 850°C to destroy their plastic resin sealing material, followed by screening and magnetic separation to separate the metals from the resin residue. The non-ferrous materials (0.840 mm) were mainly composed of copper and could be melted into a copper alloy. Non-ferrous materials containing gold (860.05 ppm), silver (1323.12 ppm) and copper (37259.7 ppm) (size less than 50 mesh) were recovered 100% by a leaching process and thiourea was used as a leaching reagent.
Sustained Authorship: Digital Writing, Self-Publishing, and the Ebook
Authors: Laquintano Tim
Published: September 2010

This article reports on a digital ethnography that examines writing, authorship, and self-publication in an online niche market. Drawing on interview and web data collected over 3 years, it focuses on the writing practices that have supported the production, distribution, and sanction of 13 ebooks self-published by online poker players. The article advances an understanding of authorship as sustained interaction among writers and readers as the work of publishing becomes absorbed into online networks as literate activity. In lieu of the capital investment of publishers that produces the materiality of the book, participants in these spaces have manufactured valued texts through collective literacy practices, coming to a loose consensus on what constitutes a book, and working together to enable proprietorship over texts, even amid environments of mass collaboration.
Multimodal Redesign in Filmmaking Practices: An Inquiry of Young Filmmakers’ Deployment of Semiotic Tools in Their Filmmaking Practice
Authors: Gilje Øystein
Published: September 2010

This article traces the trajectory of one particular scene in the work of three media students writing and filmmaking. The analysis scrutinizes the role of semiotic tools, such as synopsis and storyboard, in students’ filmmaking practice. Moreover, the use of interactional data combined with textual data allows for a rich recording of the activity, aiming to integrate a multimodal analysis into a sociocultural perspective on learners’ composing practices. The findings indicate that the students are not able to transfer their particular meaning from the written mode into the language of moving images because they downplay the role of the semiotic tools available to them in the educational context.
Preliminary Experience With Clevidipine in the Pediatric Population
Authors: Towe Eric , Tobias Joseph D.
Published: September 2010

Clevidipine is a third-generation calcium channel antagonist of the dihydropyridine group. Like nicardipine, its primary physiologic effect is vasodilation, primarily of the arterial system with limited effects on capacitance vessels. Unlike other direct-acting vasodilators, it has an ultrashort half-life due to its metabolism by nonspecific blood and tissue esterases. To date, the majority of clinical experience with clevidipine has been in the adult cardiac surgery population, with no reports regarding its use in the pediatric population. We retrospectively reviewed our preliminary experience with the use of this novel agent in a cohort of 10 pediatric-aged patients ranging in age from 9 to 18 years. The indications for the use of clevidipine included control of perioperative hypertension in 4 patients, to provide controlled hypotension during orthopedic surgical procedures in 5 patients, and to improve distal perfusion during a toe-to-finger implant in 1 patient. One patient who presented to the operating room with hypertension received clevidipine preoperatively, intraoperatively, and postoperatively; 7 other patients received clevidipine only intraoperatively while the other 2 patients received clevidipine intraoperatively and postoperatively. The clevidipine infusion was started at 0.5 to 1 μg/kg per minute and titrated up to 3.5 μg/kg per minute as needed. No excessive hypotension was noted; however, intermittent doses of metoprolol were required to control reflex tachycardia in 2 of the 10 patients and an elevated triglyceride level was noted in 1 patient. Our preliminary experience demonstrates the efficacy of clevidipine for blood pressure control during the perioperative period.
Review of A Large Clinical Series: Is the Band Count Useful in the Diagnosis of Infection? An Accuracy Study in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Cavallazzi Rodrigo , Bennin Charles-Lwanga , Hirani Amyn , Gilbert Christopher , Marik Paul E.
Published: September 2010

Background: The presence of immature neutrophils (bands) in the circulating blood is often used as a clinical indicator of sepsis. Indeed, a band count greater than 10% is one of the American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine’s systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria used to diagnose sepsis. However, the literature regarding the diagnostic accuracy of an elevated band count for the diagnosis of infection is limited. Aim: To determine the accuracy of a band count greater than 10% and increased or decreased white blood cell (WBC) count in diagnosing infection in a heterogeneous group of intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Methods: We prospectively recorded the WBC and band count on consecutive patients admitted to our ICU. Each patient was evaluated for the presence of infection according to defined criteria. The diagnostic accuracy of band count and total WBC count were determined by standard statistical methods. Results: Overall, 145 patients were enrolled, of whom 42 (29%) had a defined infection on admission to the ICU. On multiple logistic regression, the odds ratio for infection was 8.67 (95% CI 3.36-22.39; P < .001) for patients with band count greater than 10% and 1.6 (95% CI 0.78-3.29; P = .2) for a WBC count greater than 12 × 109/L. A band count greater than 10% had sensitivity of 43% (95% CI 28%-59%), specificity of 92% (95% CI 85%-97%), positive likelihood ratio of 5.52 (95% CI 2.6-11.7), and negative likelihood ratio of 0.62 (95% CI 0.47-0.81) for the diagnosis of infection. Conclusion: Band count may provide useful information in patients whose diagnosis of infection is uncertain. An elevated band count leads to a moderate increase in the likelihood of infection. A negative test, however, leads to only a small change in the posttest probability of infection.
An Exploratory Study of the Validity of Visual Fit Assessment From Three-Dimensional Scans
Authors: Hwa Kyung Song  , Ashdown Susan P.
Published: September 2010

3D scans are considered to be potentially useful visual analysis tool, but there have been few studies regarding the validity of 3D scans as a tool for visual analysis. We investigated this by comparing results from fit analyses using live models with those using 3D scans of the same models. Professionals from the apparel industry provided feedback on the process of 3D scan fit analyses and suggested ways to improve the process. Results from different areas of the body showed different levels of reliability. In the bust area, misfit and estimates on alteration amounts were the most reliable, while the waist area showed the least consistency in fit interpretation overall. The hip area was not reliable for identification of misfit, but was relatively reliable for estimates of alteration amounts. This study suggested how future studies could improve the process in terms of data organization, display and the navigation interface.
The Relationship of Body-Related Self-Discrepancy to Body Dissatisfaction, Apparel Involvement, Concerns With Fit and Size of Garments, and Purchase Intentions in Online Apparel Shopping
Authors: Kim Hyejeong , Damhorst Mary Lynn
Published: September 2010

The purposes of this study was to examine the relationships among body-related self-discrepancy, body dissatisfaction, apparel involvement, concerns with fit and size of garments, and purchase intentions based on self-discrepancy theory. A random sample of college female students (n = 348) was drawn from a Midwestern university. The data was collected using a web-based survey. A hypothesized model was tested using the SEM technique. The results indicated that consumers’ perceived body-related self-discrepancy from online models had a direct relationship with body dissatisfaction. Consumers with higher enduring apparel involvement tended to feel a higher degree of body dissatisfaction. Body dissatisfaction was positively related to five concerns with fit and size of garment dimensions. Enduring apparel involvement was negatively related to concerns with overall appearance and concerns with imagining fit/size in online shopping. Finally, two of the concerns with fit and size of garment dimensions (concerns with overall appearance and concerns with imagining fit/size in online shopping) were negatively related to purchase intentions.
Dangers Facing the Earth Charter
Authors: Ruiz Javier Reyes
Published: September 2010

The article explores social and educational processes that could undermine the Earth Charter’s promise. It points out that the meaning of the Charter would be affected if it is used in a doctrinaire manner, if individuals or groups assume the role of its legitimate and expert emissaries, if it takes on a messianic tone in its central ideas, if it is spread solely through education workshops, disconnecting it from everyday life, or if it is presented as the prediction of an enlightened future. Finally, some reflections are included on the role of the Earth Charter in the construction of an environmental ethics for life.
Reorienting Education Practices towards Sustainability
Authors: Gadotti Moacir
Published: September 2010

This article reflects on the potentialities of education practices guided by the idea of sustainability and how they can contribute to the reformulation of the contents and methods of learning and to the quality of education. Sustainability entails the transformation of all aspects of school life, from preschool to the university. The article also points to some challenges and strategies for integrating sustainability into education practices and into the school curriculum. The key challenge is the need for a different pedagogy, an ecopedagogy, a holistic pedagogy that overcomes the anthropocentrism of classic pedagogies. Sustainability represents an opportunity for the renewal of old education systems founded on competitive principles and values and based on a predatory view of the world. Educating for sustainability means educating for the emergence of a different, possible world.
CREADS, A Teacher Training Course on ESD in Costa Rica
Authors: Jiménez-Elizondo Alicia
Published: September 2010

After the Costa Rican government signed a commitment to implement the UN Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (DESD), the challenge was how to put the commitment into action. Fortunately, an opportunity presented itself with an initiative called Peace with Nature (Iniciativa Paz con la Naturaleza–IPN), under which a teacher training course called Education for Sustainable Development Regional Course (CREADS) was implemented. A ‘coalition’ of governmental and nongovernmental organisations, coordinated by the Ministry of Education and IPN, was put in place to deliver the course and it was decided to use the Earth Charter as the course framework. This article describes the process of creating this course, its content and methodology, and analyses the course impact, lessons learned and challenges ahead.
Forging Inclusive Solutions
Authors: Hill Linda D.
Published: September 2010

Forging Inclusive Solutions describes the aims, methodology and outcomes of Inclusive Leadership Adventures, an experiential education curriculum for exploring the Earth Charter. Experiential education builds meaningful relationships, skills, awareness and an inclusive community based on the Earth Charter principles. When we meet people where they are, it becomes easy and enjoyable for all participants to organise their thoughts, feelings and experiences into realistic and motivating action plans. In the words of one recent participant, ‘ I’ve learned that we are leaders of a future society which is sustainable and unified.’
Make a World of Difference
Authors: Sakurai Hiro
Published: September 2010

This article is the edited text of the presentation made by the author at the Parliament of the World’s Religions in Melbourne, Australia, 3–9 December 2009. The session was titled ‘Healing the Earth with Care and Concern: Religious Responses to the Earth Charter’. The article highlights some of the efforts that the Soka Gakkai International (SGI) has organised in promoting the Earth Charter over the years. It also sheds light on how the inspiration and determination by one individual has led many of SGI’s activities to success while discussing the resonance between the Earth Charter and Buddhist principles as well as the ideals of SGI. Lastly, the article provides some thoughts on how the Earth Charter can increase its contribution to the UN.
Interest Assessment Using New Technology
Authors: Tracey Terence J. G.
Published: September 2010

The benefits of computer-assisted assessment via the Internet are well known in interest assessment as it relates information access. Individuals can use their assessment scores to easily access a wealth of career and major information. However, computer-assisted assessment also enables a unique assessment experience for each individual. Typically, this unique experience is incorporated in the input of the assessment, that is, the specific items that each individual is given. Based on their responses to items, the users are given different subsequent items (as in item response testing) or different content as in branching programs. However, the computer-assisted programs do not use their capability in providing unique information to the test users based on responses. This focus on individually tailored assessment output, or the unique profiles provided to each individual based on the responses, is exemplified using the Personal Globe Inventory (PGI).
Vocopher: The Career Collaboratory
Authors: Glavin Kevin W. , Savickas Mark L.
Published: September 2010

Vocopher: The Career Collaboratory is an Internet-based website (http://www.vocopher.com) that contains free career instruments and educational materials intended for practitioners, researchers, and teachers of career development. The instruments include inventories and tests designed to measure the processes that shape career development and work adjustment. Measures of content, such as interests and values, are not included. The Internet site also includes a multimedia library that contains video and audio presentations from conferences on vocational psychology and career counseling. The library also contains memorials to and presentations by important figures in the history of counseling psychology.
Extending the 2 × 2 Achievement Goal Framework: Development of a Measure of Scientific Achievement Goals
Authors: Deemer Eric D. , Carter Alice P. , Lobrano Michael T.
Published: September 2010

The current research sought to extend the 2 × 2 achievement goal framework by developing and testing the Achievement Goals for Research Scale (AGRS). Participants (N = 317) consisted of graduate students in the life, physical, and behavioral sciences. A principal components analysis (PCA) extracted five components accounting for 72.59% of the variance in the data. Additional confirmatory factor analytic testing yielded support for a 6-factor model in which the performance factor was bifurcated into approach and avoidance components. The final solution comprised the following 6 subscales: (a) absolute task mastery goals; (b) incremental task mastery goals; (c) mastery avoidance goals; (d) performance approach goals; (e) performance avoidance goals; and (f) self-demonstration of competence goals. The 6-factor model was found to outperform alternative 5-, 3-, and 2-factor models. Preliminary evidence of convergent and discriminant validity was evidenced by way of relations with measures of academic achievement motivation, behavioral inhibition/activation sensitivity, fear of failure, self-handicapping, and decisional procrastination. Future research directions and implications for career assessment and achievement goal theory are discussed.
The Psychometric Properties of the WAI in a Career Counseling Setting: Comparison With a Personal Counseling Sample
Authors: Perdrix Sophie , de Roten Yves , Kolly Stéphane , Rossier Jérôme
Published: September 2010

This study investigated the psychometric properties of the Working Alliance Inventory-Client version (WAI-C) and Working Alliance Inventory-Short and revised (WAI-SR) in a career counseling setting. Moreover, it compared the impact of career versus personal counseling settings based on results obtained using the WAI-SR. Subjects were 188 French-speaking career counseling clients and 95 French-speaking personal counseling clients, mainly students. For the career counseling sample, total reliability was .87 for the WAI-C and .76 for the WAI-SR. The shape of the distribution was normal but the variance was significantly lower for the career counseling sample. Exploratory factor analyses (EFAs) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) confirmed the presence of an overall working alliance factor but indicated a clearer hierarchical structure for the WAI-SR than for the WAI-C. The psychometric properties seemed only slightly affected by the counseling setting, suggesting that this inventory is also relevant for career counseling, especially the WAI-SR, which has a more robust factorial structure.
Emotional and Personality-Related Aspects of Career Decision-Making Difficulties: Facets of Career Indecisiveness
Authors: Gati Itamar , Gadassi Reuma , Saka Noa , Hadadi Yael , Ansenberg Neta , Friedmann Ronit , Asulin-Peretz Lisa
Published: September 2010

The current study investigated the Emotional and Personality-related Career decision-making Difficulties model and questionnaire (EPCD) by studying its associations with various personality measures in three samples: (a) 691 deliberating individuals who entered a career self-help website, (b) 197 students in a university preparatory program, and (c) 286 young adults from the general population. As hypothesized, higher levels of emotional and personality-related career decision-making difficulties, as measured by the EPCD, were associated with higher levels of neuroticism, agreeableness, perfectionism, and need for cognitive closure, and lower levels of extraversion, openness to experience, and career decision self-efficacy. In addition, higher levels of these difficulties were associated with a more external locus of control (LoC), and with being less advanced in the career decision-making process.
Promoting Emotional Intelligence and Career Decision Making Among Italian High School Students
Authors: Di Fabio Annamaria , Kenny Maureen E.
Published: September 2010

This article evaluates the efficacy of a training program focused on increasing emotional intelligence (EI), which was developed for Italian high school students. The training was constructed using an ability-based model of EI. It was hypothesized that specific training would increase both ability and self-reported EI and reduce levels of indecisiveness and career decision difficulties. This article outlines relevant literature and provides a description of the intervention, an evaluation of its efficacy, and a presentation of the results with regard to decisional problems.
Dynamic analyses of gear pairs incorporating the effect of time-varying lubrication damping
Authors: Kuo Jao Huang  , Mao Rong Wu  , Jui Tang Tseng
Published: September 2010

This study presents a time-varying model to investigate dynamic responses of spur gear pairs. In particular, time-varying damping was directly used to account for the lubrication film of tooth pairs. At first, the governing equations of vibration for gear pairs were expressed in equivalent discrete models of mass, damping, and spring elements. The damping factor which incorporated the lubrication effect was derived using elastohydrodynamic-lubrication and squeezed-film theories. The time-varying property due to the moving meshing position was considered by immediately updating the meshing stiffness, damping factor, meshing force, and frictional force between the tooth pairs at each calculation step. After that, dynamic factors and fillet strains of the gear pairs under various operating conditions were obtained by performing iterative numerical integrations. The lubricant damping factor and its effects on gear dynamics was also discussed. Finally, the effects of the lubricant viscosity and applied torque on the gear dynamics were thoroughly investigated.
Are Maternal Genitourinary Infection and Pre-Eclampsia Associated With ADHD in School-Aged Children?
Authors: Mann Joshua R. , McDermott Suzanne
Published: September 2010

Objective: To investigate the hypothesis that maternal genitourinary infection (GU) infection is associated with increased risk of ADHD. Method: The authors obtained linked Medicaid billing data for pregnant women and their children in South Carolina, with births from 1996 through 2002 and follow-up data through 2008. Maternal GU infections and pre-eclampsia were identified on the basis of diagnoses made during pregnancy, and cases of ADHD were identified on the basis of diagnoses made in the child’s Medicaid file. Results: There were 84,721 children in the data set used for analyses. Maternal genitourinary infection was associated with significantly increased odds of ADHD (OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.23-1.35). Pre-eclampsia was also associated with increased risk (OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.07-1.32). Children whose mothers had both GU infection and pre-eclampsia were 53% more likely to have ADHD, compared to those with neither exposure. When we examined specific infection diagnoses, chlamydia/nongonococcal urethritis, trichomoniasis, urinary tract infection, and candidiasis were associated with increased risk of ADHD, whereas gonorrhea was not. Discussion: Maternal GU infection appeared to be associated with increased risk of ADHD, and based on the findings it was concluded that further research is needed to describe the mechanism(s) underlying the association.