bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analysis of Thermal Insulation Performance When Subjected to Various Levels of Moisture
Authors: Knorowski Jodi M. , Cyphers Rex A.
Published: October 2021

As energy code requirements have become more stringent in the last decade, the incorporation of continuous insulation within opaque assemblies to mitigate the negative impacts of thermal bridging has become the standard for many climate zones. To be installed continuously, the insulation is placed outboard of the air and water barrier in most wall assemblies, which means it will generally be exposed to higher levels of moisture than insulation placed within an interior wall cavity. When the thermal resistance value of insulation materials is determined using standardized laboratory testing, the changes in moisture levels that the material would be exposed to in typical in-service conditions are not accounted for. Because water conducts heat at a faster rate than insulation, the presence of moisture within the assembly could have a negative impact on the thermal performance of the material, and the in situ thermal performance of the insulated wall could be less than the assumed values used for the design of the building. This paper presents an experimental study to evaluate the relative change in thermal performance of two types of insulation when exposed to increasing levels of moisture. A test chamber was constructed that maintains specific temperature and relative humidity levels within the chamber. Insulation was mounted within the chamber, and a series of thermocouple sensors and heat flux sensors was used to monitor the thermal performance of the insulation under steady-state conditions at increasing levels of moisture within the chamber. Keeping the temperature constant, the relative humidity within the test chamber was incrementally increased such that an approximate R-value of the insulation could be calculated at each test condition. The results were compared to determine the effects of moisture levels on the different insulation types that were tested.
The Limits of Defaults: The Influence of Decision Time on Default Effects
Authors: White Benjamin X. , Jiang Duo , Albarracín Dolores
Published: October 2021

The stability of default effects to contextual features is critical to their use in policy. In this paper, decision time was investigated as a contextual factor that may pose limits on the efficacy of defaults. Consistent with the hypothesis that time constraints may increase reliance on contextual cues, four experiments, including a preregistered one of a nationally representative sample, and a meta-analysis that included four additional pilot experiments, indicated that short decision times increased the advantage of action defaults (i.e., the default option automatically endorsed the desired behavior) and that the default advantage was trivial or nonexistent when decision times were longer. These effects replicated for naturalistic as well as externally induced decision times and were present even when participants were unaware that time was limited. This research has critical implications for psychological science and allied disciplines concerned with policy in the domains of public health, finance and economics, marketing, and environmental sciences.
Does Emotional Expression Moderate Implicit Racial Bias? Examining Bias Following Smiling and Angry Primes
Authors: Raissi Afsaneh , Steele Jennifer R.
Published: October 2021

Given the pervasiveness of prejudice, researchers have become increasingly interested in examining racial bias at the intersection of race and other social and perceptual categories that have the potential to disrupt these negative attitudes. Across three studies, we examined whether the emotional expression of racial exemplars would moderate implicit racial bias. We found that racial bias on the Affect Misattribution Procedure only emerged in response to angry but not smiling Black male faces in comparison to White (Study 1) or White and Asian (Study 3) male faces with similar emotional expressions. Racial bias was also found toward Asian targets (Studies 2 and 3), but not only following angry primes. These findings suggest that negative stereotypes about Black men can create a contrast effect, making racial bias toward smiling faces less likely to be expressed in the presence of angry Black male faces.
Industrial Intellectual Property as the EU’s Innovative Development Factor
Authors:   MGIMO University, Soldatenko Darya
Published: October 2021

The article addresses correlation between the use of different intellectual property objects and the general goals of innovation policy of the EU. The subject of the research is industrial intellectual property along with trademarks and patents for inventions. The research period is limited to 2010‒2019. Based on the data from annual European innovation board and analysis of the dynamics of the activity of the EU member states in the field of intellectual property, the author identifies a group of EU countries that have the biggest potential in the use of the stipulated industrial property. It is show that trademark protection is mostly used in the medium and high-tech industries of the sample countries. However, there is a certain differentiation in the scale and dynamics of its application. Moreover, the author points out a high interest of the third countries such as USA, Japan and China in obtaining competitive advantages in the EU market through registration of a trademark in the European Union intellectual property office. The unified patent system in the EU is still at the preliminary stage as the most used national patent systems within the EU are the German and the French ones. The analysis demonstrates advantages of intellectual property systems in the Netherlands and Sweden. The author concludes that the successful implementation of the EU innovation policy through the creation of a system of exclusive industrial property rights is under way.
The 30-th Anniversary of Visegrad Group: Achievements and Prospects
Authors:   Institute of Europe, Russian Academy of Sciences, Shishelina Lyubov
Published: October 2021

The author analyzes the fundamental points which contributed to the strength of the political foundation of the Visegrad Group. Among the most significant factors, the author identifies a critical attitude towards reality, the ability to search for intra-regional/international compromises, and the lack of bureaucracy. In general, this can be described as a clear understanding of V4 position and tasks in Europe. The group's objectives in understanding their possibilities have evolved over three decades and finally have evolved from a "return to Europe" to the possibility of transferring its experience and providing assistance to the neighboring States of Eastern Europe and the Western Balkans. Without denying the contradictions that exist in the group, there are no critical prerequisites for the realization of long-standing prophecies about the imminent and unavoidable breakup of the group. Contradictions and a critical approach, as well as overcoming these circumstances, often serve as the driving force of the group. So far, despite criticism of some retired politicians, the group looks united and interested in its further common development.
The Role of European Global Cities in the Inflow of FDI and Labor Migrants
Authors:   MGIMO University, Bulatov Aleksandr , Habarta Andrzej ,   MGIMO University, Sergeev Egor ,   MGIMO University
Published: October 2021

The article addresses the role of global cities in the inflow of foreign direct investment and labour migrants to Europe. Despite the concept of global cities being criticized due to its “west-centricity” it remains widely accepted interpretation of modern urban developments. The authors explore main factors attracting these economic resources to major cities, and identify how the comparative specifics of European global cities affect the usage of these resources. Different approaches to the interaction with labour migrants and FDI lead to diverse results cementing unique roles of global cities in their own countries. Crossexamination of causes, structures and effects of the forementioned factors constitutes the scientific and practical significance of the article. Based on the world‟s leading rankings of global cities the study reveals how each city advances socio-economic strategies in order to maintain their significant roles in inflow of FDI and labour migrants. In order to evaluate the significance of each city we distinguish the most developed and profitable sectors of economy. European urban agglomerations seek to attract highly qualified labour force that is able to contribute to their development. The outcomes of the research is useful for analysis the development of global cities in Russia.
Team Flow Is a Unique Brain State Associated with Enhanced Information Integration and Interbrain Synchrony
Authors: Shehata Mohammad , Cheng Miao , Leung Angus , Tsuchiya Naotsugu , Wu Daw-An , Tseng Chia-huei , Nakauchi Shigeki , Shimojo Shinsuke
Published: October 2021

Team flow occurs when a group functions in a high task engagement to achieve a goal, commonly seen in performance and sports. Team flow can enable enhanced positive experiences, as compared with individual flow or regular socializing. However, the neural basis for this enhanced behavioral state remains unclear. Here, we identified neural correlates (NCs) of team flow in human participants using a music rhythm task with electroencephalogram hyperscanning. Experimental manipulations held the motor task constant while disrupting the corresponding hedonic music to interfere with the flow state or occluding the partner’s positive feedback to impede team interaction. We validated these manipulations by using psychometric ratings and an objective measure for the depth of flow experience, which uses the auditory-evoked potential (AEP) of a task-irrelevant stimulus. Spectral power analysis at both the scalp sensors and anatomic source levels revealed higher β-γ power specific to team flow in the left middle temporal cortex (L-MTC). Causal interaction analysis revealed that the L-MTC is downstream in information processing and receives information from areas encoding the flow or social states. The L-MTC significantly contributes to integrating information. Moreover, we found that team flow enhances global interbrain integrated information (II) and neural synchrony. We conclude that the NCs of team flow induce a distinct brain state. Our results suggest a neurocognitive mechanism to create this unique experience.
Individual Differences in Frustrative Nonreward Behavior for Sucrose in Rats Predict Motivation for Fentanyl under Progressive Ratio
Authors: Vasquez Tileena E. S. , Shah Poonam , Re Jessica Di , Laezza Fernanda , Green Thomas A.
Published: October 2021

Frustrative nonreward (FN) is a construct in the Negative Valence Systems domain of the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) from the National Institute of Mental Health. An organism’s response to frustrating situations (e.g., inability to obtain an expected reward) has broad implications for a variety of neuropsychiatric conditions, including substance use disorders. The current project developed a first of its kind rat operant behavioral model of FN based loosely on the human Point Subtraction Aggression Paradigm (PSAP). The current study shows that individual differences in FN for sucrose pellets are consistent across sessions at baseline and that the task is sensitive to reward size in male rats. More importantly, high FN behavior for sucrose predicts early “breaking” for intravenous fentanyl self-administration under a progressive ratio (PR) schedule. These results solidify frustration/ FN as an important factor for substance use disorders in addition to craving, impulsivity, and habit.
Involvement of chemerin and CMKLR1 in the progesterone decrease by PCOS granulosa cells
Authors: Estienne Anthony , Mellouk Namya , Bongrani Alice , Plotton Ingrid , Langer Ingrid , Ramé Christelle , Petit Claire , Guérif Fabrice , Froment Pascal , Dupont Joëlle
Published: October 2021

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the main cause of infertility in women. It is frequently associated with reduced progesterone production by human luteinised granulosa cells (hlGCs). However, the molecular mechanisms involved in these steroidogenesis alterations in PCOS patients are unclear. In a dihydrotestosterone-induced PCOS mouse model, steroid production is maintained in the setting of chemokine-like receptor 1 (Cmklr1) knockout. Thus, chemerin and chemerin receptors in terms of expression and progesterone regulation could be different in control and PCOS hlGCs. We first confirmed that progesterone levels in both plasma (P  < 0.0001) and follicular fluid (FF) (P  < 0.0001) were significantly reduced in PCOS normal weight women compared to control women. These data were associated with a lower STAR mRNA expression in both in vivo (P  < 0.0001) and in vitro (P  < 0.0001) hlGCs from PCOS women. Secondly, chemerin FF levels (P  < 0.0001) and RARRES2 (P  < 0.05) and CMKLR1 (P  < 0.0001) mRNA levels in GCs were higher in PCOS normal weight patients. Thirdly, treatment of hlGCs with a specific nanobody (the VHH CA4910) targeting the human receptor for CMKLR1 leading to its inactivation abolished chemerin-induced progesterone inhibition, suggesting the involvement of CMKLR1 in this process. Furthermore, the inhibition of progesterone secretion induced by chemerin was two-fold higher in PCOS hlGCs (P  < 0.05). Moreover, the VHH CA4910 reinstated a normal progesterone secretion with lower concentrations in PCOS hlGCs, suggesting a different chemerin sensitivity between PCOS and control hlGCs. Thus, chemerin, through CMKLR1, could be involved in the steroidogenesis alterations in PCOS hlGCs.
Non-Cognitive Abilities: The Indispensable Contributor to Adolescents’ Development
Authors: Yao Jijun
Published: October 2021

The previous view of education quality paid more attention to the appearance of cognitive ability: test scores. However, a lot of practice and research have proved that the level of cognitive ability cannot completely predict the development of an individual in school and society. The non-cognitive abilities of individuals represented by communication, cooperation, emotional management, etc. can help improve students’ cognitive level and regulate students’ learning motivation; help students achieve better academic performance and achievement; Income has an impact, which ultimately affects the individual’s happiness. These kind of specific abilities other than cognitive abilities, which have a profound and lasting impact on individual adaptation and social development, are core abilities that individuals gradually form in the process of growth and development, and are also called “social and emotional abilities”. The term was promoted by the “Social and Emotional Learning” (SEL) promoted by UNICEF worldwide, and the Study on Social and Emotional Skills (SSES) implemented by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).
romántico en contra del liberalismo exaltado: el caso de Estanislao de Cosca Vayo
Authors: Muñoz de Morales Galiana Javier
Published: October 2021

Sabemos que el novelista Estanislao de Cosca Vayo, como otros románticos, profesaba una ideología liberal; no obstante, en su periódico El Constitucional (1836) podemos observar textos llenos de recelo hacia otros liberales, en especial aquellos que regresaban del exilio. Vayo defiende siempre la libertad, pero solo si es obtenida sin recurrir a la violencia, y condena las actitudes más extremas de algunos de su bando, a quienes en parte culpabiliza de las represiones habidas durante la década ominosa. Estas mismas ideas podían apreciarse ya en su novela Los expatriados o Zulema y Gazul (1834), que narra la expulsión de los musulmanes de la ciudad de Valencia por el rey Jaime, expatriación presentada como un hecho injusto; pero el narrador, lejos de apoyar cualquier rebelión violenta, se inclina mayormente a la defensa de la vía pacífica y considera que ninguna radicalización es lícita por muchos motivos que pueda tener. Esta novela, por tanto, puede ser interpretada como un gesto político, como una advertencia a los liberales que regresaban del exilio, a fin de que renunciaran a sus posturas más radicales en favor del perdón y la reconciliación.
Allelopathic effect of microalgae on winter wheat plants
Authors:   M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, NAS of Ukraine, Tereschenkivska Str., 2, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine, Tsarenko P.M. , Zaimenko N.V. ,   M.M. Grishka National Botanical Garden, NAS of Ukraine, Tymiryazivska Str., 1, Kyiv 01014, Ukraine, Didyk N.P. ,   M.M. Grishka National Botanical Garden, NAS of Ukraine, Tymiryazivska Str., 1, Kyiv 01014, Ukraine, Ivanytska B.O. ,   M.M. Grishka National Botanical Garden, NAS of Ukraine, Tymiryazivska Str., 1, Kyiv 01014, Ukraine, Kharytonova I.P. ,   M.M. Grishka National Botanical Garden, NAS of Ukraine, Tymiryazivska Str., 1, Kyiv 01014, Ukraine, Demchenko E.M. ,   M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, NAS of Ukraine, Tereschenkivska Str., 2, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
Published: October 2021

The results of the study of the allelopathic activity of the culture medium of two species of green and charophyte microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris Beijer. and Interfillum terricola (J.B.Petersen) Mikhailyuk et al.) to winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in model pot experiments with the aim to discover of physiological mechanisms of allelopathy and finding effective and safe compounds with growth-promoting effects. The microalgae culture medium was applied in a rate of 1; 3 and 10 mL per a pot (250 mL) filled with sifted and sterilized gray podzolic soil, before sowing wheat seeds. Test plants were grown in a phytochamber under controlled conditions of light intensity, temperature and soil moisture. The number of germinated seeds was recorded from the 2nd to the 8th day after sowing. The vitality of winter wheat was evaluated at the end of the experiments using morphometric characteristics of growth (height of aboveground parts, leaf surface area, length of root system, number of lateral roots; dry matter mass of aboveground parts and roots) and content of photosynthetic pigments in leaves. At the end of the experiment, the indicators of electrical conductivity, redox potential, pH and content of nutrients in the soil were determined. The positive effect of microalgae on seed germination, growth and photosynthetic apparatus of T. aestivum plants was established. Culture medium of C. vulgaris showed a higher stimulating effect on seed germination and growth of wheat seedlings than I. terricola. The positive effect of microalgae on the photosynthetic activity of wheat and the content of organic carbon in the soil indicates the possibility of developing of biofertilizers based on them in order to improve the structural and functional organization of agroecosystems. The obtained results confirmed the prospects of C. vulgaris as a biofertilizer in crops. The allelopathic effect of I. terricola on vascular plants has been studied for the first time. The important role of indirect allelopathic mechanisms in the interactions between the studied species of microalgae and vascular plants has been established.
Algological investigations at Odessa University in 1965–2015. Formation school of Prof. I.I. Pogrebnyak
Authors:   I.I. Mechnikov Odesa National University, 2 Dvoryanska Str., Odesa 65026, Ukraine, Kuznetsov V.O. , Tkachenko F.P. ,   I.I. Mechnikov Odesa National University, 2 Dvoryanska Str., Odesa 65026, Ukraine
Published: October 2021

Тhe modern period of development of algological researches at Odesa University is analyzed. It is noted that the creation of a scientific school under the leadership of prof. І.І. Pogrebnyak gave impetus to the renewed interest of the scientific community in the study of the algae of the Black Sea, its estuaries and some freshwater bodies of southern Ukraine. These studies covered benthic and planktonic groups of algae, as well as their individual systematic groups, including blue-green, diatomaceous, cryptophytic, dinophytic, green, red, and brown. Attention was paid to the possible practical use of algae in ecology, agriculture and medicine. I.I. Pogrebnyak's research was continued by his students, doctors of biological sciences Prof. Guslyakov M.O., Maslov I.I., Tkachenko F.P. and dozens of young scientists, already their students.
INFLUENCE OF PERIODIC MODERATE LINEAR ACCELERATIONS OF VARIABLE DIRECTION ON CENTRAL HEMODYNAMICS
Authors:   Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Bakunovsky O.M. ,   International Center for Astronomical and Medical and Ecological Research of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine,   National University of Physical Education and Sport of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Rozova K.V. ,   Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Pastukhova V.A. ,   National University of Physical Education and Sport of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Portnichenko V.I. ,   Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine,   International Center for Astronomical and Medical and Ecological Research of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Portnichenko A.G. ,   Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine,   International Center for Astronomical and Medical and Ecological Research of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: October 2021

It was examined 19 male fencers aged 18 to 24 years , who had sports experience from 8 to 14 years and high sports qualifications in the chosen sport (masters of sports and candidates for masters of sports). Subjects had no significant differences in height and body weight. Linear horizontal accelerations were created using a movable platform with a chair, which housed the athlete. Passive movement of fencers on the platform corresponded to their usual parameters of movement on the fencing track during a sports match. It has been shown that the short-term effect of horizontal moderate accelerations of the variable direction when using the functional test (FT) led to small but statistically significant changes in heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV) and volumetric blood ejection rate (VER). In all subjects, the changes in these indicators after FT were as follows: heart rate decreased slightly, and SV and VER increased. FT revealed that in persons who are accustomed to moving with moderate horizontal linear accelerations of variable direction, the shortterm effect of this factor was accompanied by a tendency to decrease the minute volume of blood flow (MVB) due to decreased of heart rate. Increasing of SV and VER can be considered as an immediate compensatory response aimed at maintaining MVB. Thus, in athletes whose long-term sports activities are associated with the action on the body of periodic moderate horizontal linear accelerations of variable direction, no adaptation to the action of this specified factor is formed.
Effect of caffeine and coffee diets on calcium signalling in rat hippocampal neurons
Authors:   Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Shkryl V.M. , Turytska T.G. ,   Dnipro National Oles Honchar University, Dnipro, Ukraine, Yavorsky V.A. ,   Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Lyashenko V.P. ,   Dnipro National Oles Honchar University, Dnipro, Ukraine, Lukashov S.M. ,   Medical center “Headache”, Regional Clinical Hospital N.A. Mechnikov, Dnipro, Ukraine, Lukyanetz E.A. ,   Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: October 2021

The effects of long-lasting high concentration coffee and caffeine diets on calcium mobilization in rat hippocampal neurons were studied. Changes in the basal calcium level in the hippocampal neurons of control and experimental rats kept on a coffee or caffeine diet were measured. We also recorded the changes in the Ca2+ transients’ amplitude evoked by membrane depolarization or emptying the Ca2+ depot of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) induced by caffeine activator of the ryanodine receptors. In rats on a coffee or caffeine diet, the basal Ca2+ level was increased by 7.4% and 11%, respectively, compared to control animals. In these groups, the amplitude of Ca2+ transients increased by 70% and 90%, respectively, of the basal level in response to the membrane depolarization. In the same groups, the amount of Ca2+ released from the ER was increased by two and three times, respectively, compared to the control after activation of ryanodine receptors. We concluded that long-term coffee and caffeine diets in rats cause a significant disruption of the hippocampal neurons’ endoplasmic reticulum function. The diets evoke an increase in Ca2+ concentration in the neurons and an excessive release of Ca2+ in response to excitation. The latter can lead to increased excitability of neurons and their further death from excessive Ca2+ levels.
Study of the immunomodulating influence of preparation alpha/beta-defensins on chemo/radiotherapy of patients with oral and oropharyngeal cancer
Authors:   Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine, Hirna H.A. , Maltsev D.V. ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Natrus L.V. ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Rozhko M.M. ,   Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine, Kostyshyn I.D. ,   Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine, Tanasiychuk I.S. ,   Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
Published: October 2021

The state of antitumor immunity of patients with oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer during treatment (radiation and chemoradiation therapy), which additionally included α/β-defensin immunotherapy, was studied. In all three study groups, where preparation α/β-defensins was used, there was a more pronounced dose-dependent decrease in the relative number of lymphocytes in the blood than among those receiving cytostatic therapy in mono mode. Patients of group I received radiation therapy and immunotherapy, group II - chemoradiation and immunotherapy, group III - radiation therapy with immunotherapy in increased doses, VI - radiation, V - chemoradiation. Thus, in group І the decrease in the absolute number of lymphocytes was by 0.6×109/l, in group II - by 0.82×109/l, and in group III - by 0.93×109/l; by 8.51% there was a decrease in the relative number of lymphocytes in group I, by 15.52% in group II and in group III - by 14.32%. A significant decrease in the absolute number of CD3+ T cells in the blood was registered with a combination of radiation- and immunotherapy: in group I from 1141×106/l to 682×106/l and in group III - from 871×106/l to 309×106/l. At the same time, there was an increase in the relative number of natural killers in the blood of patients undergoing radiation therapy in combination with immunotherapy, also with a dose-dependent effect, the growth in group I is from 16 to 17% and group III - from 13.4 to 19.5%. Among patients undergoing cytostatic therapy, there were significant differences in the absolute number of NKT cells in the combination of radiation and immunotherapy, groups I and III, by reducing the number of these lymphocytes in the blood from 86 to 57 and from 62 to 31, respectively. α/β-defensins have been shown to have a dose-dependent adjuvant effect on cytostatic treatment – radiation, and chemoradiation of patients with cancer of the oral cavity and oropharynx. Simultaneously with the use of the drug α/β-defensins associated additional immunomodulatory effect in the form of the restructuring of the subpopulation of lymphocytes due to an increase in the relative number of natural killers in the blood.
The Effect of Superposition on the Quantum Features of the Cavity Radiation of a Three-Level Laser
Authors: Ayehu D. , Chane A.
Published: October 2021

We study the statistical and squeezing properties of the cavity light produced by a degenerate three-level laser with the use of the solution of the pertinent quantum Langevin equation. Moreover, applying the density operator to the cavity radiation superposition, we investigated the quantum properties of the superposed cavity light beams generated by a pair of degenerate three-level lasers. Superposing the cavity radiation increases the mean and the variance of the photon number without affecting the quadrature squeezing. It is observed that the degree of squeezing of the separate cavity radiation, as well as the superposed cavity radiation, increases with the rate at which the atoms are injected into the cavity. We have also shown that the mean photon number of the superposed cavity radiation is the sum of the mean photon numbers of the individual cavity radiation. However, the variance of the photon number of the superposed cavity radiation turns out to be four times that of the component cavity radiation.
Адіабатична стисливість водних розчинів поліолів
Authors: Saienko R.O. , Saienko O.V. , Svechnikova O.S.
Published: October 2021

За експериментальними даними про густину i швидкiсть поширення ультразвукових хвиль проведено розрахунки адiабатичної стисливостi у водних розчинах еритриту, ксилiту, сорбiту i манiту. Встановлено, що температурнi залежностi адiабатичної стисливостi дослiджених систем проходять через мiнiмуми. Зi збiльшенням концентрацiї полiолу у водi мiнiмум адiабатичної стисливостi змiщується у бiк нижчих температур. Розраховано значення температур мiнiмумiв молярної адiабатичної стисливостi. Показано, що концентрацiйна залежнiсть температур мiнiмуму молярної адiабатичної стисливостi носить лiнiйний характер. Встановлено наявнiсть особливої точки для дослiджуваних водних розчинiв полiолiв.
Особливості деформацій, які виникають у клітині при проникненні в неї коронавірусу
Authors: Bulavin L.A. , Zabashta Yu.F. , Hnatiuk K.I.
Published: October 2021

Пропонується математична модель, яка описує деформацiйну поведiнку клiтини при проникненнi в неї коронавiрусу. Модель є континуальною, при розрахунках використовуються методи теорiї пружностi. Встановлено, що процес деформування, який супроводжує проникнення коронавiрусу, складається з двох стадiй: на першiй стадiї деформацiї цитоплазматичної мембрани є пружними, на другiй стадiї вiдбувається руйнування її структури. Отримано залежнiсть енергiї системи “коронавiрус–клiтина” вiд розмiру контактної зони, яка розмежовує коронавiрус i клiтину. Доведено iснування енергетичного бар’єра, що роздiляє обидвi стадiї процесу деформування. Ця обставина приводить до зупинки проникнення коронавiрусу наприкiнцi першої стадiї. Подолання енергетичного бар’єра, необхiдне для подальшого проникнення, вiдбувається за рахунок теплових флуктуацiй.
Електричні властивості і енергетичні параметри фото-чутливих гетероструктур n-Mn2O3/n-CdZnTe
Authors: Orlets’kyi I.G. , Ilashchuk M.I. , Maistruk E.V. , Parkhomenko H.P. , Maryanchuk P.D.
Published: October 2021

Дослiджено умови виготовлення фотодiодних iзотипних гетероструктур n-Mn2O3/n-CdZnTe методом спрей-пiролiзу тонких плiвок бiксбiту a-Mn2O3 на кристалiчнi пiд-кладинки n-CdZnTe. За температурними залежностями I-V -характеристик проаналiзовано механiзми тунелювання електронiв крiзь енергетичний бар’єр гетеропереходу при прямому та зворотному струмах. З’ясована роль енергетичних станiв на межi n-Mn2O3/n-CdZnTe у формуваннi параметрiв бар’єра. На основi C-V –характеристик встановлено динамiку змiни i взаємозв’язок ємнiсних параметрiв тонкої плiвки n-Mn2O3 та iнверсiйного шару n-CdZnTe. Представлено модель енергетичної дiаграми гетеропереходу n-Mn2O3/n-CdZnTe. Проаналiзовано фотоелектричнi властивостi гетероструктури.
The Professor G. De-Metz’s Contribution to the Development of Physical Science in Ukraine
Authors: Gutnyk M.V. , Tverytnykova E.E.
Published: October 2021

The contribution of Professor Georgy De-Metz to the development of physical science in Ukraine is highlighted. The information about the childhood of the future scientist is given and his formation as a scientist is shown. He was extensively involved in physics under the guidance of F. Shvedov and M. Umov. The head of his master’s thesis was Professor A. Kundt. After the publication of the discovery of X-rays by Roentgen, G. De-Metz not only repeated the experiments of the German colleague, but also put new ones. In particular, he investigated the influence of various physical factors on obtaining the clear photographs of this radiation. The scientist managed to make clear pictures of frogs with an image of the internal organs. He also explored the possibility of using X-rays in medicine. In the early twentieth century, he published his first major work on radioactivity “Doctrine of the radioactivity and radioactive substances”, in which the scientist described the physical basics of radioactivity in detail. The researcher examined the radium content in water and flora from the pond of the Kyiv Botanical garden. Using the results of the studies G. De-Metz concluded that some types of living tissue were able to absorb and even concentrate radium from water and the environment. In his work “Radioactivity and the structure of matter,” not only a historical review of the development of the doctrine of radioactivity was made, but also the new experimental works of the author were represented. He analyzed 68 various minerals of uranium. G. De-Metz described the picture of the geographical distribution of radioactive minerals and identified the richest deposits of uranium ore at that time. In addition to his scientific work, the scientist was a well-known methodist. It was he who, in the 1920s, developed a method of teaching physics in institutes of Ukraine. It is reported that the scientist in a different period of time was the head of the physical department at various institutions of higher education. Moreover, he was even the Rector of the St. Volodymyr University, Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, and Kuban University.
SERUM EXPRESSION OF MICRORNA-142 IN A COHORT OF BULGARIAN PATIENTS WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES
Authors: Stamatova-Yovcheva K. , Dimitrov R.
Published: October 2021

The focus of the research was to investigate the anatomical location of the rabbit liver. Thus, we applied a topographic algorithm, using dorsal frozen cuts and CT algorithm with coronary slices. The used animals were 13 matured, healthy clinically white New Zealand rabbits. We measured the metric CT parameters – transverse and craniocaudal sizes.
At the level of the dorsal plane, located 15 mm ventrally from the spine, dorsal part of lobus hepatis sinister was found, and on the right and laterally - lobus hepatis dexter. At the level of the dorsal plane, located 30 mm ventrally from the spine, lobus hepatis dexter was located cranially relative to lobus hepatis sinister medialis and reached caudally to pars pylorica. Lobus hepatis sinister lateralis remained caudal to lobus hepatis sinister medialis and touched corpus ventriculi. Lobus hepatis sinister lateralis was found cranially to corpus ventriculi and pars pylorica. Lobus caudatus caudally touched the right kidney. At the level of the dorsal plane, located 45 mm ventrally from the spine, lobus hepatis dexter was found to be in the same dorsal plane with the left lobe of the liver.
CT normodense heterogeneous anatomical image of lobus hepatis dexter was parallel to that of lobus hepatis sinister, which determined the transverse location of the organ. The obtained imaging analysis of the liver’s anatomical parts and their proximity to other organ structures were interpreted depending on their attenuation profile. The transverse size of the organ at 15 mm ventrally from the spine showed a value of 76.16 mm, and at 30 mm ventrally, this parameter reached a value of 81.48 mm. The highest values were obtained at 45 mm ventrally - 85.21 mm.
CT anatomical study added and confirmed the results of the topographic investigation.
EFFECT OF DIETARY HERBAL ESSENTIAL OILS ON THE PERFORMANCE AND MEAT QUALITY OF FEMALE TURKEYS BROILERS
Authors: Oblakova M. , Hristakieva P. , Mincheva N. , Ivanova I. , Lalev M. , Ivanov N , Penchev I.
Published: October 2021

During the last years, the addition of essential oils to livestock rations became increasingly popular. Numerous studies have proved the antibacterial properties of herbal essential oils (ЕО) along with antioxidant, anticarcinogenic and digestive properties. They are also used as growth promoters of livestock. With this regard, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect from addition of 0.01% essential oils (EO) from Matricaria chamomilla; Rosmarinus officinalis; Lavandula angustifolia; Origanum vulgare; Thymus vulgaris; Hypericum perforatum to the feed of turkey broilers on live body weight, feed consumption, slaughter traits, fatty acid content and meat quality. Female turkey broilers, were divided into 7 groups of 15 birds in each after being weighed and labelled (each group comprised 3 subgroups of 5 birds). Groups were one control (С) and six experimental (Т1, Т2, Т3, Т4, Т5, Т6). The control (С) group of turkeys received feed according to the requirements of their age without herbal essential oils. The experimental groups received the same diet supplemented as followed: group Т1- 0.01% EO from Matricaria chamomilla; Т2- 0.01% EO from Rosmarinus officinalis; Т3- 0.01% EO from Lavandula angustifolia; Т4-0.01% EO from Origanum vulgare; Т5- 0.01% EO from Thymus vulgaris; Т6- 0.01% EO from Hypericum perforatum). The addition of 0.01% ЕО of abovementioned herbs influences breast and thigh meat pH measured at 24th post mortem hour (pH24) (Р<0.05). The highest value L* in breast meat was demonstrated in birds supplemented with EO from Lavandula angustifolia (T3) and lowest L* in group T5 at (Р<0.05). The highest value L* in thigh meat was measured in birds from group Т2 (ЕО from Rosmarinus officinalis) and the lowest- in group Т5 (ЕО from Thymus vulgaris). The redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) of breast meat did not differ significantly among the groups (Р>0.05), yet a* and b* values showed considerable differences in thigh meat (Р<0.05). The dietary EO also had an effect on thigh meat L*, a* and b* - parameters of meat colour. Cooking loss % of breast meat was the highest in the control group- 35.12% and the lowest in group Т5 (Thymus vulgaris EO) - 23.69% and group Т6 (Hypericum perforatum EO) - 24.78% (Р<0.001). The addition of herbal ЕО to the ration of turkey broilers did not influence the content of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids (linoleic acid, ά-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid) of breast and thigh meat of birds from experimental groups.
EUROPEAN BADGER (MELES MELES LINNAEUS, 1758) PREFERENCES TO THE TERRAIN EXPOSURE FOR DIGGING DENS IN SOUTHEASTERN BULGARIA
Authors: Peeva S. , Georgiev D. , Kirilov K.
Published: October 2021

A total of 47 active badger burrows in the Southeastern Bulgaria were described in order to find whether there are preferences to terrain exposure for its digging activity. The most of the dens were found on terrain with south exposure - 23.4%, followed by these on the east and west side -19.15% each. The dens faced to these three directions, together with these to intercardinal directions connected with south, represented 80.85% of the active badger dens found. A tendency in the preference of the European badger to the southern exposure of the terrain for its digging activity in the region of South-eastern Bulgaria was established.
Kemampuan Penalaran Matematis Siswa Berdasarkan Gender dengan Pendekatan STEM pada Modul Matematika
Authors: Pratiwi Kartika , Bahri Saiful , Pratiwi Dona Dinda
Published: October 2021

This research aims to find out the implementation of STEM module based on ICARE learning model approach regarding to the differences gender in mathematics abilities. This research is a Quasi Experimental Design with a 2 × 2 factorial design. The sample of this research was 2 clasess those were VII C and VII F, each classes consisted of 30 students, which 35 male students and 25 female students. To conduct the data, the researcher used test to control class and experiment class, then analyzed the data using SPSS 25.0. Based on the results of the two-way analysis of variance with different cells, showed that the ICARE learning model assisted by the module with the STEM approach and the PBL model assisted by students' worksheet on mathematical reasoning abilities, (gender differences in mathematical reasoning abilities, there is no interaction with the ICARE assisted learning model module with the STEM approach and PBL model assisted by students' worksheet with gender differences on mathematical reasoning abilities.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning Terhadap Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis Ditinjau dari Self Regulated Learning Siswa
Authors: Musliha Musliha , Revita Rena
Published: October 2021

This research aimed to know the effect of implementing the Problem Based Learning model toward students’ mathematical problem-solving ability derived from their self-regulated learning at MTs Rokan Hulu. This research using a factorial experiment design. By random cluster sampling, 8th-grade students of A-class as the experimental and C-class students as the control group. Data were collected from the mathematical problem-solving ability test and self-regulated learning questionnaire. The result of this study is: 1) there was a difference in mathematical problem-solving ability between students taught by Problem Based Learning model and those who educated by direct learning, 2) there was a difference in mathematical problem-solving ability among students having high, medium and low self-regulated learning, and 3) there was no interaction between Problem Based Learning model and student mathematical problem-solving ability.
Smart City, tendencias y evolución: Un análisis bibliométrico
Authors: Martinez-Toro Gabriel Mauricio , Ariza-Zabala Gerly Carolina , Vargas-Mantilla Maria Monica , Romero-Riaño Efren , Rico-Bautista Dewar
Published: October 2021

Una ciudad inteligente, es una ciudad que sitúa a las personas como centro de desarrollo e incorpora TICS en la gestión urbana como respuesta a problemas como la contaminación, inseguridad y congestión. Los países desarrollados se enfocan en mejorar la calidad de vida de sus habitantes y trabajan en hacer de las ciudades, espacios inteligentes, incluyentes y sostenibles. En el ámbito académico, el término “smart city” ha tenido un interés en aumento, como se demuestra en una búsqueda en la base de datos WoS de Clarivate, en la cual se registran 9 records para el 2011 incrementándose a 950 records en 2019. De los resultados de la búsqueda se obtuvo una muestra de 2833 documentos en el periodo entre 2001 – 2019. Al ser un área de conocimiento en desarrollo es relevante conocer las tendencias que enmarcan su evolución. El análisis propuesto se basa en los postulados de la bibliometría y la cienciometría, que por medio del examen de los patrones de coocurrencia de términos y de la evaluación de la fortaleza de vínculos entre componentes de una red, se infiere la existencia de grupos o clusters de conocimiento, se reconocen temáticas emergentes, temáticas en declive, publicaciones relevantes, entre otras. Para el procesamiento de datos se implementó la herramienta VOSviewer, el cual es un software gratuito para la visualización de redes de conocimiento. En el estudio se puede observar que el área de conocimiento se focaliza en 3 temáticas: 1) Desarrollo de ciudades a partir de la innovación y sostenibilidad, 2) diseño y administración de ciudades a través del internet e internet de las cosas y 3) marcos de trabajo basados en bigdata encaminados hacia la gobernanza. Estos resultados orientan a los investigadores interesados en ampliar los horizontes de esta temática y en buscar nuevos paradigmas relacionados con Smart city.
Gold Nanoparticle Immobilized Porous Manganese Oxide Microspheres As Heterogeneous Catalyst for Benzyl Alcohol Oxidation
Authors: HAMALOGLU Kadriye Özlem
Published: October 2021

A heterogenous catalyst in the form of Au nanoparticles (Au NPs) immobilized porous manganese oxide (Mn5O8) microspheres was synthesized. The sol-gel templating method was used for the synthesis of Mn5O8 microspheres. The heterogenous catalyst showed good performance when compared with similar catalysts in the oxidation of benzyl alcohol. The heterogenous catalyst (Au@Mn5O8) obtained by the immobilization of Au NPs on Mn5O8 microspheres performed 99.4% of benzyl alcohol conversion and 100 % of benzaldehyde formation yield. Also the heterogenous catalyst showed a good stability and agglomeration resistance in the reusabilty experiments. Au@Mn5O8 microspheres could be reused up to 5 times without remarkable loss in the catalytic activity.
Social Policy in the Theoretical and Programme Documents of the British Labour Party in the 1920s–1930s
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Kruchinina Natalia A.
Published: October 2021

This article covers the concepts of social policy in the official programme documents of the British Labour Party and in journalistic works of its leaders and key theorists of the interwar period. From the early twentieth century, Labourists put the focus not on social reforms, but on transformations in the management of the economy and property. They believed that a fair and effective organisation of economy could at the same time solve social problems. After World War I and in the first half of the 1920s, Labourists did not propose large-scale and high-priced social programmes for fear of alienating their potential electorate. However, the social and economic problems of the 1920s, the General Strike, and the Great Depression forced them to take a more left stand. From the late 1920s, social policy became for Labourists an important part of fundamental change of the country’s economy based on the principles of planning and public control. These ideas were in the programmes of the Labour party of 1928 and 1934, in the works of G. D. H. Cole and Clement Attlee, and in the articles of members of the Socialist League. Labourists started proposing not only large-scale plans of the improvement of education, public health, accommodation, and well-being, they made some demands, including State Health Service, accessibility of higher education, and help for disabled persons, unique for their times, thereby anticipating some important components of the Welfare State of the second half of the twentieth century.