bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Small Corporate Governance on Reducing Risk and Enhancing Small Enterprises Sustainable Performance after Corona Pandemic in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Nahla Alnoor Almakki  , Sridevi Tharanidharan
Published: June 2023

The study investigated the role of the small corporate governance in reducing risk and enhancing the sustainable performance after the Corona pandemic in Saudi Arabia. The problem of the study was represented in that the principles of governance are not applied in small enterprises and this causes great risks to small enterprises and financial reports users.The study aims to identify to what extent the principles of governance reduce risk in the small enterprises in Saudi Arabia and to identify to what extent the principles of governance are applied in Saudi Arabia to achieve the sustainable performance. The descriptive analytical approach was used to measure the relationship between the role of the principles of governance and reducing risk and enhancing the sustainable performance in the small enterprises in Saudi Arabia through collecting primary and secondary data from the previous research (previous research and studies).The study hypotheses were:There is a statistically significant relationship between applying the principles of governance and reducing risk after the Corona pandemic. There is a statistically significant relationship between applying the principles of governance and small enterprises' performance and financial reports' users after the Corona pandemic.The study concluded the following findings:1. There is a statistically significant relationship between applying the principles of governance and reducing risk after the Corona pandemic.

2. Board of directors' objectives, tasks and powers are defned clearly and in details and they are oriented toward maximizing the shareholders' value3. There is a statistically significant relationship between applying the principles of governance and enhancing the sustainable performance.4. There are standards of improving the relationship between the enterprise and the parts of community.The researchers recommended the following:1. There should be emphasis on the small investors' rights and their right to elect the members of the board of directors.2. Managers and employees should be trained to obtain sufficient knowledge about the principles of governance.
CHARACTERIZATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF THE PRODUCTION SYSTEMS OF THE FAMILY AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AT PENIPE CANTON CHIMBORAZO, ECUADOR
Authors: Juan Pablo Haro-Altamirano  , Miguel Ángel Osorio-Rivera  , Sandra Elizabeth López-Sampedro  , William Estuardo Carrillo Barahona
Published: June 2023

Background: This study was conducted in the Penipe canton, Chimborazo province, Ecuador, the Objetive: is the characterizing and classifying the local family agriculture production systems. Methodology: The researchers worked with a total of 1,055 families, from which they extracted a sample (n=68) to conduct a study on geographical location, zoning, and survey interview, which included technical, socioeconomic, productive, and environmental aspects of the farms from a quantitative and qualitative standpoint. Results: express the characteristics of the production systems, allowing classifying and classifying the production systems of family agriculture in the canton. The conglomerated analysis using Ward's method and a 900-meter Euclidian distance divided the farms into three groups. Implications: Several aspects to be improved were identified, which limit the development of farms to be considered as sustainable systems, evaluating aspects of productivity, reliability in the productive system, resilience, adaptability, equity, and self-management by local producers. Conclusions: Specialized Family Agriculture (SFA) is made up of 19 families, with an average age of 54 years, land ownership of 1.57 hectares, additional labor hired at a rate of two days per week, and monthly earnings of $584 USD. Diversified Family Agriculture (DFF), composed of 34 families, with an average age of 53 years, land ownership of 6,99 ha, (95%) of families contracting additional labor to carry out agricultural activities, (8 daily wages/ campaign) and monthly earnings of $792 USD. Subsistence Family Agriculture (SFA), composed of 15 families, with an average age of 48 years, and land ownership of 0.54 ha, this production system is distinguished by the fact that it does not hire additional labor to carry out agricultural activities, as the majority of its output is devoted to self-sufficiency and earnings of $115 USD per month.
THE MAXIMIZATION OF BENEFITS UNDER TOTAL QUALITY STANDARDS: AN APPROACH TO THE APPLICATION IN SMES OF THE AGRI-FOOD SECTOR FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SUPERFOODS
Authors: María José Andrade Albán  , María de los Ángeles Rodríguez Cevallos  , Diego Marcelo Almeida López  , Fabian Augusto Almeida López  , Fredy Patricio Erazo Rodríguez
Published: June 2023

Through this document, it was possible to analyze the main characteristics of the volume of scientific production referring to the study of the variables Total Quality and Agri-food Sector in order to understand the maximization of benefits to SMEs in this sector that implement strategies based on total quality standards. A bibliometric analysis was proposed to analyze the details such as Year of Publication, Country of Origin of the publication, Area of Knowledge in which the published research is carried out and the Type of Publication most frequently used by the authors of each document published in high impact journals indexed in Scopus database. Among the main findings, it was possible to determine that for the execution of the different research methodologies, the report of 32 scientific documents related to the study of Total Quality and the Agri-food Sector was achieved. The year in which the highest number of publications of this type was registered was in 2022 with a total of 7 documents. The country of origin of the institutions that reported the highest number of records in Scopus, was Italy with 9 documents. The area of knowledge with the greatest influence at the time of executing the research projects that resulted in scientific publications was Agriculture, and Biological Sciences which contributed great theoretical material in a total of 21 documents and the type of publication used most frequently to publicize findings from the analysis of the aforementioned variables, was the Journal Article, which represented 78% of the total scientific production.
The Effect of Knowledge-Based Human Resource Management in Sustainable Competitive Advantage - Field Research
Authors: Ibrahim Saleh Hassan  , Firas Mohammed Ismael
Published: June 2023

The research seeks to determine the level of variables in the companies surveyed, to clarify the impact of knowledge-based human resource management in its four dimensions on the sustainable competitive advantage. The research was applied in Internet companies (EarthLink, Al-Hayat, Al-Jazeera, Hala Al-Rafidain, Orient, Supercell, Al-Dash Net) in the city of Baghdad, because this sector is vital and in direct contact with the daily needs of customers by providing them with the Internet and information security.The problem of the research was the lack of some companies' mechanisms and policies to enhance the loyalty of these valuable resources, which resulted in the difficulties of generating knowledge, producing information, storing it, and investing it appropriately in order to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage, in addition to that, companies are still working with the traditional wage system (monthly salaries), which makes individuals not think about adding The value of the work and through that the following question was raised why the reliance of the managers of the surveyed companies on knowledge-based human resources management decreased in achieving sustainable competitive advantage? In the light of which the importance and objectives of the research were determined, and the hypotheses of correlation and influence were formulated and the negative impact and moral differences of the research variables were addressed, A methodology was relied upon in this research, which is the exploratory approach, which relies on analyzing the questionnaire based on theoretical hypotheses that are proven through practical tests and comparing the results between the seven companies. After evaluating and testing the validity and reliability of the research measurement tools, the data was analyzed and hypotheses were tested using appropriate statistical tools such as the arithmetic mean and standard deviation.The results showed the validity of the correlation and influence relationships at the level of the variables.
The Effect of Organizational Pride on Business Continuity: Field Research in Private Colleges/Universities in Baghdad
Authors: Abdullah Abbood Abdulhameed  , Salah Al-Deen Al-Kubaisy
Published: June 2023

The research aims to study the impact of organizational pride on business continuity in private colleges and universities in Baghdad, and the research problem is summarized in the main question (were academic leaders able to employ organizational pride to enhance business continuity? The research applied in the private education sector, and private universities and colleges in the city of Baghdad were the field for this. The research was selection of the research community based on the founding year of the college or university as more than ten years have passed since its founding. The research sample consists of (177) individuals, from deans of the colleges and their assistants as well as the heads of scientific and administrative departments. The researcher adopted the descriptive analytical approach. The questionnaire used as a main tool for collecting data for the applied side. After evaluating and testing the validity and reliability of the research measurement tools. The data analyzed and hypotheses tested using the appropriate statistical tools using the statistical program (SPSS) (AMOS) to analyze the data. The results showed that there is a significant effect of organizational pride in Business continuity.
The Evolution of the Violin from Classical to Electric Form
Authors: Zainab Subhi Al-Bayati
Published: June 2023

This research consists of four chapters. The first chapter identifies the research problem, as modern technology has become an integral part of our daily lives in contemporary societies. Its indispensable nature lies in the numerous and easily accessible opportunities it provides us, aiming to achieve the best results. Among these modern technologies, contemporary electronic instrument manufacturing has prominently emerged in various musical instrument families, such as the violin, oud, qanun, and electronic guitar. In this study, we will discuss the classical (acoustic) violin and its contemporary electronic counterpart, explaining the differences in manufacturing and performance capabilities between the two instruments.The researcher then established the objectives of the study, which aim to explore the evolution of the violin from its classical form to its electronic form. Furthermore, the researcher set the boundaries of the study.In the second chapter, the researcher discusses the classical violin, its form, and performance specifications.The third chapter delves into the research methodology, research community, research sample, research instrument, and the analysis focused on the electric violin, its form, specifications, and performance capabilities. The fourth chapter presents the researcher's findings, conclusions, recommendations, and proposals.The research concludes with a list of sources and references.
Self-Compassion Among University Students
Authors: Muntadher Waleed Majeed  , Malik Fadil Abd Allahal-Qurayshi
Published: June 2023

Self-compassion among university students, and the current research community was identified by Wasit University students for morning studies for the academic year (2022-2023), and their number is (14394), with (8748) students from scientific disciplines and (5646) students from humanities disciplines. The research sample included (400) male and female students from the University of Wasit, and the study tool included the self-compassion scale prepared by Neff (2003) and translated by the researcher, consisting of (26) paragraphs, and the psychometric characteristics of honesty and stability were extracted, and the research sample (400) was relied upon and analyzed The data were statistically analyzed using the statistical bag for social sciences (spss).The results showed the following: Wasit University students enjoy a high level of self-compassion, and in the light of the results, the researcher developed a set of conclusions, recommendations and suggestions.
Factors Influencing Farmers’ Decisions on Highland Paddy Rice Planting in Chiang Mai Province
Authors: Wongchai Anupong
Published: June 2023

Rice has been the national food in Thailand and the most important economic crop bringing numerous incomes to the country for a long time. Farming is the main occupation of most Thai people. The most popular and famous rice variety in Thailand is Khao Dok Mali 105. This research studies factors influencing the farmers’ decisions on paddy rice planting in Chiang Mai Province and its benefits. Furthermore, it is beneficial to strengthen Thailand's rice production along with educating farmers on the production process according to international standards aiming to stop using chemicals in the agricultural sector. From the population of 244,291 ethnic farmers in Chiang Mai, the sample was 400 ethnic farmers who plant highland paddy rice in Chiang Mai by calculating from Taro Yamane’s formula using the survey research. Most of them were married 40-to-49-year-old men who graduated from primary school. Descriptive statistical analysis included mean, percentage, and standard deviation. The findings revealed that the factors influencing farmers’ decisions on paddy rice planting at a high level were health, cost, labor, and price, and the factors influencing farmers’ decisions on paddy rice planting at a moderate level were production, market, environment, and policy. The farmers gave more importance to the health factor than the price, environment, production, market, and policy factors. Also, they gave more importance to the cost factor than the market and policy factors. Besides, they gave more importance to the price than the market factor. In addition, they showed more importance to the labor factor than the market factor. However, they gave less importance to the market factor than the environmental factor.
A Study of School Sport Ecological Metaphor Generation
Authors: Li De-lun  , Du Gao-Shan
Published: June 2023

Ecological metaphor as a cognitive approach with a unique embedded world,the expansion of the universal mapping characteristics of its cognitive scope is obviously enhanced,It can provide new growth momentum for the manifestation of the school sport contemporary connotation and spiritual essence. Based on the ecological metaphor theory, documentary method, logical reasoning method,the study of the school sports ecological knowledge is curated,to characterize the spiritual unity, positive correlation and rational functionality of the school sports ecological metaphorical cognitive paradigm, the ecological logic of "education within""inter-education""education together" in school sports is included,the three-dimensional core elements of "sports character- orientation literacy""health behavior-subject literacy""sports ability-pract ical literacy"are applied, to stimulate the ecological metaphor tension of flourishing branches and leaves,strong trunk and root system development, The school sports ecological cognitive ability is brought into the causal law of the expanded "nature-like view"order. The study found that the value elements generated by a rigorous ecological metaphor theory have more explanatory power in practice, and that these value elements demonstrate the co-cognitive ontology of re-cognition in a significant value way in the school sport field.
Aesthetic Changes of Audiovisual Language in China Opera Movies from The Legend of the White Snake to The Legend of the White Snake. Love
Authors: Yuan Yuan  , Yang Jianfei
Published: June 2023

Background: Under the background of different times, facing the situation of great changes in public aesthetics, the purpose of this paper is to explore the use of audio-visual language that conforms to the characteristics of the times to create China drama film stories that conform to the current aesthetic characteristics.Methods: The traditional Chinese opera films "The Legend of the White Snake" and "The Legend of the White Snake. Love" with the same theme in different times in China were selected, and the differences of the same theme and the same story using different narrative methods and audio-visual expressions in different times were compared by the method of analysis and comparison.Results: With the development of the times, the aesthetic appreciation of the audio-visual language of China opera films has changed; 1) the visual promotion of popular aesthetic habits in story narration, 2) the blending of scenes with blank artistic conception, 3) the scientific and technological appeal of spiritual impact, and 4) the application of Chinese and western elements that arouse the audience's empathy.Conclusion: The research shows that the aesthetic appreciation of audio-visual language in different times plays a comprehensive role in China's opera films: accurately realizing the integrity of narrative elements, smooth emotional transmission, vivid artistic style arousing the audience's emotions and maintaining this kind of spiritual perception, inducing the audience to fully integrate into the drama stories, expanding the expression mode of opera films, exploring the specific presentation paradigm of opera films, and finally helping the promotion and popularization of traditional art in China.
Relevance of Public Budget Management, Use and Allocation of Resources
Authors: John Danilo Pedraza López  , Derly Caterine Rodríguez Munevar
Published: June 2023

The present research emphasizes the analysis of the different variables of the budget, its use and applicability; organizational information systems, supporting the decision-making process and foundation, in terms of the construction of development scenarios of the Colombian State; reason why the learning and teaching of public finance is essential for the proper understanding of public budget and the importance of fulfilling state purposes.The continuous training of information systems in the public sector, allows a better understanding by the students of the School of Public Accounting, Sogamoso Section, which leads to an analysis in the generation of information in public finances.
High Schoolers’ Decision to Pursue an International Institution
Authors: Tran Minh Tung  , Trinh Le Tan  , Duong Hoai Lan
Published: June 2023

High school students (HSS) all across the globe are choosing more often to continue higher education (HE) at an international institution (INI). This research aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the major elements that affect students' decisions on which foreign university to attend. For academic institutions, governments, and advocates to improve recruiting methods, encourage cross-cultural interchange, and build efficient support mechanisms for foreign students, they must have a thorough knowledge of these variables. By using observational factors to quantify these characteristics, the qualitative study approach aimed to both identify and corroborate the elements that high school students consider while deciding between international universities. To get the required data, the researcher also created a suitable questionnaire for the quantitative research procedure. A 5-level Likert rating comprising 6 theoretical rating and 46 measured parameters was utilized in the study. The acquired data was then analyzed using various techniques in SPSS 20, including comprehensive statistics, testing for distinctions, multiple regression analysis, EFA analysis, and Cronbach's Alpha coefficient to determine the validity of the scales. The investigation's findings met its predetermined objectives, which included identifying the primary influences on high school students' decisions to attend international universities, assessing the strength of those influences, and formulating suggestions based on the research's findings to help universities attract more high school students.
Film Clips to Improve Listening Skills in Teaching English as a Foreign Language
Authors: Sandra Caamaño López  , Italo Carabajo Romero  , María Mosquera Zapata  , Rosa García Villao
Published: June 2023

A qualitative method and an exploratory research study were carried out to analyze the use of film clips to improve Module III students' listening skills at the Universidad Estatal Peninsula de Santa Elena language center. The aim was to analyze and establish the relevance of using audio-visual materials as communicative activities in which students participate in their teaching-learning process. There are many approaches and methods, such as Audio Lingual, which according to theories such as Cognitivism, prove that students are more attracted to learning through graphics in which they can understand the context of the situation. In addition, using film clips opens up opportunities for students to improve their pronunciation and communicate in a natural environment. It is foreseen that more studies are needed in order to implement activities that reinforce the advantages of this type of activity in which films play an important role.
The Immersion Method for Improving Basic English Vocabulary
Authors: Sandra Caamaño López  , Rudy Párraga Solorzano  , Marvelle Reyes Limones  , Rosa García Villao  , Italo Carabajo Romero
Published: June 2023

The present research project attempts to improve the English vocabulary knowledge of the forty-nine Tenth Graders at Unidad Educativa "UPSE" by creating and proposing a Didactic Guide focused on what the Immersion Method establishes. In the educational setting, immersion aims at using the target language as the medium of instruction of academic, cultural, and subject content that supports language learners to be highly involved in the lessons.For the accomplishment of the main purpose, quantitative and qualitative methods were used, which allowed the researcher to apply several techniques to gather relevant data, such as observation, interview, and survey. The analyzed information helped to have a better understanding of the students' needs in learning meaningful vocabulary. This paper suggests a set of immersive content vocabulary activities based on the school's curriculum and topics of interest. Furthermore, those were designed to endow the educator with a tool that seeks to decrease the gaps in the teaching-learning process and encourage learners to put new words into practice while developing their English skills.
Accreditation and the Deming Cycle in the faculties of the National University of Education-2022
Authors: Carlos Jacinto La Rosa Longobardi  , Livia Cristina Piñas Rivera  , Lida Violeta Asencios Trujillo  , Cromancio Felipe Aguirre Chávez  , Daniel Ramon Chirinos Armas  , Shaly Fiorela Flores Piñas
Published: June 2023

The general objective of this research was to determine the relationship between Accreditation and the Deming Cycle in the Faculties of the National University of Education-2022. According to the results obtained through the use of Pearson's R test, it was found that the Accreditation Variable is related to the Deming Cycle Variable (r = 0.62). Therefore, the significance value is equal to 0.000 (p<0.005). This means that there is a direct, moderate and significant relationship between the variables studied. The sample is probabilistic and consisted of 150 teachers. The results obtained were analyzed at the descriptive level, using frequencies and percentages. Likewise, at the inferential level, parametric statistics were used and, therefore, Pearson's R was used, at a level of 0.05. The data are normally distributed. The results also indicate that Accreditation and the Deming Cycle are predominantly expressed at a medium level. Finally, it is shown that there is a direct, high and significant correlation between the variables "Accreditation" and "Deming Cycle".
The degree of application of the gamification strategy and the obstacles to its application from the point of view of early childhood teachers in the Al-Ahsa city
Authors: Aida Theeb Mohammad
Published: June 2023

The study aimed to show the extent of application of the gamification strategy and the obstacles to it from the point of view of the early childhood stage teachers in Al-Ahsa Governorate according to the variables (years of experience, educational stage, training courses). The study uses the mixed approach to collect quantitative data by means of interview and a questionnaire consisting of (45) items distributed on the five principles of the gamification strategies to collect the qualitative data. The results of the study showed that the degree of application of the gamification strategy in the study sample was very high. Also, there were no differences due to the variable of the educational stage, and there were statistically significant differences attributed to the variable of the training courses and in favor of the female teachers who enrolled in the training courses. That the most prominent obstacles to the use of gamification strategy is the lack of an Internet network that enables female teachers to use technologies in the educational process.
A study of audiovisual fansubbing translation of abbreviations of the fifth state movie into Arabic
Authors: Ibrahim Talaat Ibrahim  , Mehdi Falih Al-Ghazalli
Published: June 2023

Audiovisual Translation (AVT) is translating multimodal text from the source language into the target language. The study is concerned with the AVT fansubbing translation analysis of English-Arabic abbreviation forms found in the (fifth state) movie. The researchers selected three translations produced by fansubbers of the abovementioned movie. Moreover, it is hypothesized that amateur fansubbers whose translations were chosen for the analysis are expected to reach a high level of failure on the linguistic level. Also, they are probably receiving a lower level of failure on the technical level. Besides, the selected fansubbers are not likely to make a happy marriage between the linguistic level and the technical one in rendering the English abbreviation forms into Arabic. It concluded that the rate of failure on the linguistic level is 81%, while the level of failure on the technical level is 54 %. Fansubbers didn’t balance between technical and linguistic levels.
Competitive Advantage as Mediating Between Green Behaviour and Performance in the Jordanian Banks Sector
Authors: Samer Al-Tarawneh  , Mohd. Suhaimi Bin Shamsudin  , Monizaihasra Bt. Mohamed  , N Alia Fahada Binti W Ab Rahman  , Mohd Shaladdin Bin Muda
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the extent to which the banks sector has adopted a green organizational identity and a green organizational climate, as well as how this has affected the performance and competitive advantage in this significant financial sector. The idea that guides the body of research on the link between green organizational identity, green organizational climate and performance postulates that a strategy that is specifically adapted to a firm's internal and external environment is very likely to produce superior performance. The study also included a thorough evaluation of recent literature that was relevant to the quantitative results from looking at green behavior in the context of banks. The relationship between these variables was confirmed by earlier studies by looking at bank performance. The study improves comprehension of the bank performance and green behavior described in existing literature. Decision-makers can enhance their strategic plans by giving green practices that have an influence on the sustainability pillars more priority once they are aware of the implementation level. It is advised that HR managers increase their investments in green practices to fully benefit from them. The study offered a conceptual framework based on an analysis of the existing literature to comprehend and forecast performance in a bank as a whole or specifically in a workplace.
The Legal Position of the Interim Director of Company
Authors: Omar Natiq Yehya
Published: June 2023

The theory of the interim manager of joint stock companies is a jurisprudential theory reached by the judiciary, to find a solution to the crises or obstacles that threaten the continued survival of the company due to the inability of those in charge of its management to solve this crisis or the absence of management, and to maintain the continuity of the company's survival, the urgent judiciary when it is resorted to appoint a person who manages the company temporarily and preserve its assets and achieve the purpose for which it was established, therefore, this person must be experienced and specialized in the management of this company due to the different activities of the companies.
Electronic Banking and its Impact on Job Security in Jordanian Banking Sector: Profitability is an Intermediate Variable
Authors: Fawzieh Mohammad Masad  , Nour Ali Nussir  , Fu’ad Al-Fakeh  , Ali Abu Eid  , Tamador Aldoulat  , Ghaith Abdulraheem Alsheikh
Published: June 2023

This research uses profitability as an intermediary variable to examine how utilizing electronic banking (e-banking) services affects job security for workers in the Jordanian banking industry. A random sample from employees in this sector was used, where they were given a survey on the subject. From the study, it was observed that the use of electronic banking services leads to job loss and early retirement. The study recommends great attention and efforts to be made by Jordan banks managers to ensure that adoption of electronic banking services does not lead to negative consequence such as job loss. Also, E-banking services should be seen as an option to improve the level of services provided to bank customers and not as a substitute for its employees. New technology should be viewed as a complete and not a compete to manpower in banking systems.
The Effectiveness of Two Strategies R.A.A.F And Immediate Feedback in Achievement of Physics of Second Year Intermediate Students
Authors: Muslim Mohammed Jasim Al-Nabhan
Published: June 2023

The research aimed to identify the effectiveness of teaching by using R.A.A.F and immediate feedback strategies in the achievement of the second intermediate grade students in physics. The study sampled (88) students, (29) students in the first experimental group , ( 30) students in the second experimental group and (29) students in the control group of the students of the second intermediate grade in Al-Israa Intermediate School. Students of the first experimental group studied with R.A.A.F strategy, studied students of the second experimental group by the immediate feedback strategy, and the students of the control group studied in the traditional method. The researcher prepared an achievement test for physics consisting of 40 multiple-choice items and achieved its validity and stability. The results indicated that the two experimental groups outperformed the control groups in achievement. There were no statistical differences between the students of the two experimental groups. In light of the results, the researcher confirmed the effectiveness of R.A.A.F strategies and immediate feedback and made several recommendations and proposals.
Analyzing selected letters by Antonio Gramsci in terms of appraisal theory: A review study
Authors: Abdulkarim Fadhil Jameel  , Maha Mutasher Hatem Sally
Published: June 2023

This paper uses the appraisal theory to analyze selected letters by Antonio Gramsci letters because no studies have used the appraisal theory to examine Antonio Gramsci. Thus, the qualitative method has been considered to analyze and compare these categories. Such comparison and analysis benefit from previous research works conducted in this field. The paper identifies the three interconnected levels of analysis to provide a complete picture of the text's interpretation. These levels are: description, explanation and interpretation. A good interpretation cannot be achieved by dividing these levels of analysis. Interpretation and explanation are part of description, which is concerned with the formal aspects of the text. Because power, beliefs, and identities are intertwined with the text's linguistic elements, the researchers is able to decipher ideologically shaped and produced texts to show relations and patterns of power and dominance that are created and shaped by discursive and societal structure. In texts, grammatical emphasis is used to convey authority and persuade the reader, the degree of power and ideology in text production may be seen in the usage of strong words and clauses. The study findings showed that many discursive strategies, including reported verbs, complete and connected concepts, and unambiguous intentions, in text articulation, creation, and understanding were used. Gramsci was able to effectively prepare the route to his argument by connecting the concepts and comparing the present to the past. To make his language strong and compelling, he used more model verbs, transitive verbs, passivisation, repetitious structure, and nominalization”.
Direct and Indirect Speech Acts in Court Speeches
Authors: Mohammed Taher Jasim
Published: June 2023

Speech acts theory is not about words, phrases or sentences which are mainly used as units of interaction between people, but basically about actions that are achieved through such utterances. 'Speech acts theory' belongs to the realm of Pragmatics. In this study, selected stretches of discourse of two court speeches are highlighted. These trailers emerge in a formal setting in the presence of an authority who makes judgments on disputes and claims. They are analyzed based on Searle's view of illocutionary act to find out types of direct and indirect speech acts that are employed by interlocutors in court trials. The study shows that there is little difference between the uses of the two acts depending on the speaker's role. Directives, declaratives and other acts are used by those who are in authority while assertives are employed by those who are to answer questions given by the former.
Geographical analysis of the education workforce characteristics in the Najaf Governorate (2020-2021)
Authors: Rahim Mohammad abd Zaid Al -abdali  , Sahar Abdul Hadi Hussein Al -Sharifi
Published: June 2023

Education is an integrated system based on a set of basic set of elements(educational institutions, students and educational staff) the researchers tried to study the characteristics of the teaching staff and focus on their most important demographic, social and economic characteristics, and the size of the gap between the participations of males and females in education, and the variation of teachers' distribution according to the administrative units in the Najaf Governorate. The researchers relied on the data available from the Najaf Education Directorate, as well as distributing questionnaire to 991 teachers, and the reality of education starting from kindergarten to high school. Results showed large variations between the participation ratio of both males and females, and variation at the level of administrative units according to the age of the teaching staff, and who obtained a bachelor's degree were the highest group; they reached 889, and Most of the teachers are married. Most of the teachers receive(750-million). They own housing property.
The Effect of SPAWN Strategy on the Achievement of Chemistry among The Second Grade Intermediate Students
Authors: Amer Abdullah Jawad  , Susan Duraid Ahmed Zangana
Published: June 2023

The research aims to find out the impact of the SPAWN strategy on the achievement of chemistry for the students of the second intermediate grade in Al-Razi Intermediate School for Boys. Two divisions of the second intermediate grade were chosen randomly, with a sample of (66) students. The research tool was built, which is the achievement test of (40) objective items. After applying it to the two research groups and analyzing the results statistically, the results indicated that the students of the experimental group outperformed the students of the control group in the achievement test. Based on the results extracted. The researcher recommended using the SPAWN strategy in teaching chemistry and put forward a number of proposals.
Commitment to the notifications in the stage prior to concluding the electronic consumption contract
Authors: Rifaat Hammoud Thujil  , Hussein Abdel Qader Maarouf
Published: June 2023

Comparative legislation organized the electronic consumption contract and approved new legal guarantees to achieve a high level of consumer rights protection from the effects and risks of technological development, on the one hand, and on the other hand, it can achieve positive results for electronic commerce in general and for professionals in particular by encouraging the consumer to conclude consumer contracts via the Internet. Without hesitation or fear that the offered goods or service may not meet his needs, because he will overcome this hesitation if he knows that he will be provided with a set of information about the good or service and everything related to the contract, which is what he called the obligation to inform.
Ali Salem Al-Beidh and his role in the events of January 13, 1986, in the People's Democratic Yemen
Authors: Saja Nabeel Attia  , Bushra Sukr Khayoon
Published: June 2023

The episodes of January in Aden are exceptionally brutal and violent, where armed confrontations broke out between the factions of the Yemeni Socialist Party, which lasted ten days, ended with the exclusion of the President and Secretary-General of the Socialist Party Ali Nasser Mohammed. The main reason for those wars was the struggle for power and greed in sovereign positions. Ali Salem Al-Beidh, who miraculously survived that massacre with the leaders of Hadrami, played an important role in the formation of power after the massacre, as Al-Beidh were chosen to assume the presidency of the Republic and the Secretariat of the Socialist Party in 1986, by virtue of being the last remaining leaders of the party. Moscow recognized his government as a result of its fear of the intervention of Saudi Arabia and the United States hostile to Soviet influence in Aden. These events can be considered as the beginning of the collapse of state landmarks in the south, and the direction of Al-Beidh towards the option of unity with the northern part.
The impact of the four-pillars strategy on the acquisition of scientific and motivational concepts in third-grade middle students in physics
Authors: Hassan Arif Abdal
Published: June 2023

The study aimed to know the strategy of the four pillars in acquiring scientific concepts and motivation for third-grade secondary school students in physics. The researcher chose Al-Warka Secondary School for Boys in Baghdad as an intentional sample for the experiment. The research sample was 50 students from the third-grade secondary school students, divided them into two groups with 25 students for each of the two research groups. The researcher made the two groups equal in the varieties of intelligence and previous academic achievement in science subject in the second grade and the chronological age in months. The researcher prepared a test for acquiring scientific concepts and adopted a measure of motivation. After verifying the validity and reliability of the researcher’s use of the T-test to find out the results, the researcher concluded that the strategy of the four pillars has an active effect on the acquisition of scientific concepts and motivation for the experimental group compared to the control group, and the researcher suggested a number of recommendations and suggestions.
The Effect of Daniel's Model on The achievement of chemistry among The Fifth Scientific Grade Students
Authors: Qaes Adnan Handy  , Susan Duraid Ahmed Zanganeh
Published: June 2023

The current research aims to identify the effect of Daniel's model on the fifth grade scientific students’ achievement of chemistry in high government day preparatory schools. The Loyal Preparatory School for Boys was chosen by the deliberate appointment of its students to be the research sample, affiliated with the Directorate of Education in Anbar Department of Education Fallujah for the academic year (2022-2023). Two divisions of the fifth grade scientific people were randomly selected out of five divisions to represent one of the experimental group that is studying according to Daniel's model and the other is the control group that is studying according to the usual method. The equivalence of the two research groups was verified by a group of the variables, which were the chronological age in months, previous achievement o in chemistry, previous information test, Otis Lennon test for intelligence. It was found that the two groups are equivalent. The research tool was an achievement test of (40) items, (31) substantive items of the multiple-choice type and (9) items of the article. After applying the test to the two groups, it was found that there is a statistically significant difference at the level of (0.05) between the average scores of the students of the experimental group who studied according to the Daniel model and the average scores of the control group students who studied in the usual way for the experimental group, and in light of this, a set of recommendations and conclusions were developed.
The concept of parapsychological contract A comparative study
Authors: Safaa Miteb Al kohzaie  , Karim Talib Hussein
Published: June 2023

Prepare the topic of parapsychological contracts, it is one of the new vital topics that deal with a new topic that falls within the field of parapsychology, which is meant beyond the psyche, and it differs from the psychological sciences, which are psychological sciences. Its effect on humans. This science was also reflected in the law, through which a lot of legal relations were established, including contracts. The issue of unseen factors has become a common place for contracts in different societies, which are forms of magic contracts, spiritual medicine contracts, prophecy, astrological horoscopes, and contracts of suggestion and hypnosis, which have become common in our society and have different legal effects and repercussions. It also constituted a distinguished economic force for many of those who worked in it, which encouraged the majority of those who possess superior abilities to enter and work in the field of parapsychology, in addition to the entry of other people into this field without possessing any kind of these superior abilities in order to obtain money, which contributed to an extent Far in.
Impact of obstetric learning strategy on creative thinking and some basic volleyball skills Aircraft for students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences
Authors: Husam Hussein Mutanish  , Karar Sawadi Naim  , Jinan Diwan Abdullah  , Habeeb Shakir Jebur
Published: June 2023

The study is important in its use of an obstetric learning strategy to recognize its impact on creative thinking. The transmission skills are discussed below, where we prepare and receive the transmission by volleyball. The researchers used the experimental curriculum in the manner of the two equal groups to apply the study procedures. The research sample was 40 second-stage students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - Qadisiyah University. They were randomly divided into a police group, the "E" division was 20 students as a Pilot group and division (d) was 20 students. Necessary tools and devices have been used which included the strategy of obstetric learning and exploratory experience. The main field of experience involved post testing and the application of the strategy and then remote testing. The researchers concluded the student's need this strategy to help them improve creative thinking in learning the skills of preparation, reception and dispatch from below fending off volleyball. They recommend utilizing and giving sufficient space to the education units' obstetric learning strategy because of its active role in creative thinking and learning skills.
THE IMPACT OF OMAR BIN ABDUL AZIZ'S APPROACH IN DEALING WITH TRIBAL INTOLERANCE IN ACHIEVING SOCIAL STABILITY IN THE UMAYYAD SOCIETY
Authors: Issa Ali Hussain Al Awamreh  , Firdaus Khairi abdul Kadir  , Kais A Kadhim
Published: June 2023

This research seeks to deduce Omar bin Abdul Aziz's reformist strategy for dealing with tribal intolerance in Umayyad society to attain social stability. Despite the turmoil and sectarianism that afflicted it, the period of Omar bin Abdul Aziz was a golden period in Islamic history, with social stability that contributed to the stability of society and country. Tribal intolerance is a sociological phenomenon that still exists in some societies and is one of today’s most serious social issues. The researcher used an inductive method to look into texts narrated by Umar bin Abdul Aziz and narrated in its reliable sources. He derived his approach to the treatment of tribal intolerance from them. The study came to several conclusions, the most significant of which is that there must be foundations that countries consider while addressing tribal intolerance, A number of them were determined by the researcher from what was narrated by Omar bin Abdul Aziz. The most important of which was what Omar did, including establishing justice and asceticism in life and achieving equality among the members of society. This study also found that religion is the most effective deterrent to tribal intolerance and that class categorization and nepotism will emerge without it. The research advised that Omar bin Abdul Aziz's strategies for combating tribal intolerance be taught in the school curriculum, as well as the need for justice and equality to eliminate the problem of tribal intolerance.
Putin's Claims on the War in Ukraine: A Pragmatic Study
Authors: Abbas Khantil Hassoon  , Khalida H. Addai Al-Ghezzy
Published: June 2023

The present study was devoted to the pragmatic investigation of Putin’s claims on the war in Ukraine. Putin, as a political figure, adopted different manipulative and persuasive strategies in his speeches to justify his decisions regarding the war in Ukraine. The strategies he utilised were believed to contain different pragmatic aspects and interpretations. Therefore, this study aimed at identifying the pragmatic aspects which were found in the selected speech and figuring out the logicality of Putin’s claims and justification concerning the addressed issue. The study was a qualitative in nature which was based on an eclectic model that included Walton’s (1995) and Johnson’s (2000) theories of fallacies and argumentation. One of Putin’s speeches, in which he addressed the Security Service Board, was selected as a sample of the current study. After analysing the selected data, it was assured that Putin used different pragmatic strategies via which he intended to manipulate and convince his audience of the logicality of his claims and justification. The criteria that he violated and the pragmatic devices which he depended on proved him to be illogical and his decisions were unreasonable.