bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a Pipeline for Adverse Drug Reaction Identification in Clinical Notes: Word Embedding Models and String Matching
Authors: Siegersma Klaske R , Evers Maxime , Bots Sophie H , Groepenhoff Floor , Appelman Yolande , Hofstra Leonard , Tulevski Igor I , Somsen G Aernout , den Ruijter Hester M , Spruit Marco , Onland-Moret N Charlotte
Published: January 2022

Background

Knowledge about adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in the population is limited because of underreporting, which hampers surveillance and assessment of drug safety. Therefore, gathering accurate information that can be retrieved from clinical notes about the incidence of ADRs is of great relevance. However, manual labeling of these notes is time-consuming, and automatization can improve the use of free-text clinical notes for the identification of ADRs. Furthermore, tools for language processing in languages other than English are not widely available.

Objective

The aim of this study is to design and evaluate a method for automatic extraction of medication and Adverse Drug Reaction Identification in Clinical Notes (ADRIN).

Methods

Dutch free-text clinical notes (N=277,398) and medication registrations (N=499,435) from the Cardiology Centers of the Netherlands database were used. All clinical notes were used to develop word embedding models. Vector representations of word embedding models and string matching with a medical dictionary (Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities [MedDRA]) were used for identification of ADRs and medication in a test set of clinical notes that were manually labeled. Several settings, including search area and punctuation, could be adjusted in the prototype to evaluate the optimal version of the prototype.

Results

The ADRIN method was evaluated using a test set of 988 clinical notes written on the stop date of a drug. Multiple versions of the prototype were evaluated for a variety of tasks. Binary classification of ADR presence achieved the highest accuracy of 0.84. Reduced search area and inclusion of punctuation improved performance, whereas incorporation of the MedDRA did not improve the performance of the pipeline.

Conclusions

The ADRIN method and prototype are effective in recognizing ADRs in Dutch clinical notes from cardiac diagnostic screening centers. Surprisingly, incorporation of the MedDRA did not result in improved identification on top of word embedding models. The implementation of the ADRIN tool may help increase the identification of ADRs, resulting in better care and saving substantial health care costs.
Treatment of Persistent Postconcussion Syndrome With Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Using Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy as a Biomarker of Response: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: du Plessis Sané , Oni Ibukunoluwa K , Lapointe Andrew P , Campbell Christina , Dunn Jeff F , Debert Chantel T
Published: January 2022

Background

Approximately one-third of all concussions lead to persistent postconcussion syndrome (PPCS). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a form of noninvasive brain stimulation that has been extensively used to treat refractory major depressive disorder and has a strong potential to be used as a treatment for patients with PPCS. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has already been used as a tool to assess patients with PPCS and may provide insight into the pathophysiology of rTMS treatment in patients with PPCS.

Objective

The primary objective of this research is to determine whether rTMS treatment improves symptom burden in patients with PPCS compared to sham treatment using the Rivermead postconcussion symptom questionnaire. The secondary objective is to explore the neuropathophysiological changes that occur following rTMS in participants with PPCS using fNIRS. Exploratory objectives include determining whether rTMS treatment in participants with PPCS will also improve quality of life, anxiety, depressive symptoms, cognition, posttraumatic stress, and function secondary to headaches.

Methods

A total of 44 adults (18-65 years old) with PPCS (>3 months to 5 years) will participate in a double-blind, sham-controlled, concealed allocation, randomized clinical trial. The participants will engage in either a 4-week rTMS treatment protocol or sham rTMS protocol (20 treatments). The left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex will be located through Montreal Neurologic Institute coordinates. The intensity of the rTMS treatment over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex will be 120% of resting motor threshold, with a frequency of 10 Hz, 10 trains of 60 pulses per train (total of 600 pulses), and intertrain interval of 45 seconds. Prior to starting the rTMS treatment, participant and injury characteristics, questionnaires (symptom burden, quality of life, depression, anxiety, cognition, and headache), and fNIRS assessment will be collected. Repeat questionnaires and fNIRS will occur immediately after rTMS treatment and at 1 month and 3 months post rTMS. Outcome parameters will be analyzed by a 2-way (treatment × time) mixed analysis of variance.

Results

As of May 6, 2021, 5 participants have been recruited for the study, and 3 have completed the rTMS protocol. The estimated completion date of the trial is May 2022.

Conclusions

This trial will expand our knowledge of how rTMS can be used as a treatment option of PPCS and will explore the neuropathophysiological response of rTMS through fNIRS analysis.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04568369; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04568369

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/31308
Intent to Change Sun-Protective Behaviors Among Hispanic People After a UV Photoaging Intervention: Cohort Study
Authors: Bonnell Levi N , Obi Ngozi , Miller Kimberly , Hu Sophia , Dellavalle Robert , Cockburn Myles
Published: January 2022

Background

Mortality rates from melanoma are higher among Hispanic populations than non-Hispanic White (NHW) populations. Interventions to improve sun safety are needed. The Reveal Imager is a camera that uses standard cross-polarized flash photography to record surface and subsurface skin conditions.

Objective

This study aims to determine the intervention’s effectiveness in increasing awareness of sun damage and exposure reduction between Hispanic and NHW populations.

Methods

A cohort of 322 participants, aged ≥18 years, were recruited from community events in 2018. Baseline information was collected on demographics, sun exposure, and perception of risk factors. A facial image was then captured using the Reveal Imager. The results were explained and counseling on sun safety was given, followed by filling out an immediate postimage survey. Chi-square tests, analysis of variance, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, McNemar tests, and multivariable logistic regression were used.

Results

At follow-up, 125 of 141 (89%) Hispanic participants reported that viewing the UV photoaged image influenced intent-to-change sun protection behaviors, compared to 88 of 121 (73%) NHW participants (odds ratio 2.9, 95% CI 1.5-5.6). Of 141 Hispanic participants, 96 (68%) reported that they intended to increase sunscreen use, compared to only 41 of 121 (34%) NHW participants (P<.001).

Conclusions

We demonstrated an application of Reveal Imager for education and risk assessment. The Reveal Imager was especially helpful in motivating intention to change sun exposure among Hispanic populations.
Active Use and Engagement in an mHealth Initiative Among Young Men With Obesity: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Gorny Alexander Wilhelm , Chee Wei Chian Douglas , Müller-Riemenschneider Falk
Published: January 2022

Background

The effectiveness of mobile health (mHealth) approaches that employ wearable technology to promote physical activity have been the subject of concern due to the declining active use observed in trial settings.

Objective

To better contextualize active use, this study aimed to identify the barriers and enablers to engagement in a tracker-based mHealth initiative among young men who had recently completed a 19-week residential weight loss program.

Methods

A mixed methods study was conducted among 167 young men who had voluntarily enrolled in the national steps challenge (NSC), an mHealth physical activity promotion initiative, following a residential weight loss intervention. A subsample of 29 enrollees with a body mass index of 29.6 (SD 3.1) participated in semistructured interviews and additional follow-up assessments. Quantitative systems data on daily step count rates were used to describe active use. Qualitative data were coded and analyzed to elicit barriers and enablers to microlevel engagement in relation to the NSC, focusing on tracker and smartphone use. We further elicited barriers and enablers to macrolevel engagement by exploring attitudes and behaviors toward the NSC. Using triangulation, we examined how qualitative engagement in the NSC could account for quantitative findings on active use. Using integration of findings, we discussed how the mHealth intervention might have changed physical activity behavior.

Results

Among the 167 original enrollees, active use declined from 72 (47%) in week 1 to 27 (17%) in week 21. Mean daily step counts peaked in week 1 at 10,576 steps per day and were variable throughout the NSC. Barriers to engagement had occurred in the form of technical issues leading to abandonment, device switching, and offline tracking. Passive attitudes toward step counting and disinterest in the rewards had also prevented deeper engagement. Enablers of engagement included self-monitoring and coaching features, while system targets and the implicit prospect of reward had fostered new physical activity behaviors.

Conclusions

Our study showed that as the NSC is implemented in this population, more emphasis should be placed on technical support and personalized activity targets to promote lasting behavior change.
Classifying Autism From Crowdsourced Semistructured Speech Recordings: Machine Learning Model Comparison Study
Authors: Chi Nathan A , Washington Peter , Kline Aaron , Husic Arman , Hou Cathy , He Chloe , Dunlap Kaitlyn , Wall Dennis P
Published: January 2022

Background

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that results in altered behavior, social development, and communication patterns. In recent years, autism prevalence has tripled, with 1 in 44 children now affected. Given that traditional diagnosis is a lengthy, labor-intensive process that requires the work of trained physicians, significant attention has been given to developing systems that automatically detect autism. We work toward this goal by analyzing audio data, as prosody abnormalities are a signal of autism, with affected children displaying speech idiosyncrasies such as echolalia, monotonous intonation, atypical pitch, and irregular linguistic stress patterns.

Objective

We aimed to test the ability for machine learning approaches to aid in detection of autism in self-recorded speech audio captured from children with ASD and neurotypical (NT) children in their home environments.

Methods

We considered three methods to detect autism in child speech: (1) random forests trained on extracted audio features (including Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients); (2) convolutional neural networks trained on spectrograms; and (3) fine-tuned wav2vec 2.0—a state-of-the-art transformer-based speech recognition model. We trained our classifiers on our novel data set of cellphone-recorded child speech audio curated from the Guess What? mobile game, an app designed to crowdsource videos of children with ASD and NT children in a natural home environment.

Results

The random forest classifier achieved 70% accuracy, the fine-tuned wav2vec 2.0 model achieved 77% accuracy, and the convolutional neural network achieved 79% accuracy when classifying children’s audio as either ASD or NT. We used 5-fold cross-validation to evaluate model performance.

Conclusions

Our models were able to predict autism status when trained on a varied selection of home audio clips with inconsistent recording qualities, which may be more representative of real-world conditions. The results demonstrate that machine learning methods offer promise in detecting autism automatically from speech without specialized equipment.
Active Use and Engagement in an mHealth Initiative Among Young Men With Obesity: Mixed Methods Study (Preprint)
Authors: Gorny Alexander Wilhelm , Chee Wei Chian Douglas , Müller-Riemenschneider Falk
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND

The effectiveness of mobile health (mHealth) approaches that employ wearable technology to promote physical activity have been the subject of concern due to the declining active use observed in trial settings.

OBJECTIVE

To better contextualize active use, this study aimed to identify the barriers and enablers to engagement in a tracker-based mHealth initiative among young men who had recently completed a 19-week residential weight loss program.

METHODS

A mixed methods study was conducted among 167 young men who had voluntarily enrolled in the national steps challenge (NSC), an mHealth physical activity promotion initiative, following a residential weight loss intervention. A subsample of 29 enrollees with a body mass index of 29.6 (SD 3.1) participated in semistructured interviews and additional follow-up assessments. Quantitative systems data on daily step count rates were used to describe active use. Qualitative data were coded and analyzed to elicit barriers and enablers to microlevel engagement in relation to the NSC, focusing on tracker and smartphone use. We further elicited barriers and enablers to macrolevel engagement by exploring attitudes and behaviors toward the NSC. Using triangulation, we examined how qualitative engagement in the NSC could account for quantitative findings on active use. Using integration of findings, we discussed how the mHealth intervention might have changed physical activity behavior.

RESULTS

Among the 167 original enrollees, active use declined from 72 (47%) in week 1 to 27 (17%) in week 21. Mean daily step counts peaked in week 1 at 10,576 steps per day and were variable throughout the NSC. Barriers to engagement had occurred in the form of technical issues leading to abandonment, device switching, and offline tracking. Passive attitudes toward step counting and disinterest in the rewards had also prevented deeper engagement. Enablers of engagement included self-monitoring and coaching features, while system targets and the implicit prospect of reward had fostered new physical activity behaviors.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study showed that as the NSC is implemented in this population, more emphasis should be placed on technical support and personalized activity targets to promote lasting behavior change.
Should Expert Surgeon Guidance Be Given Remotely? Comment on “User Experience in Remote Surgical Consultation: Survey Study of User Acceptance and Satisfaction in Real-Time Use of a Telemedicine Service” (Preprint)
Authors: Soussi Daniella , Vedi Chiara Jade
Published: January 2022

UNSTRUCTURED

n/a
Smart Healthcare System Using Data Analysis
Authors: Mehta Jimit Kishor
Published: January 2022

Abstract: Amid this pandemic situation all around the world, data analysis has proved helpful by contributing to the development of Smart Healthcare System. [1]With the development of information technology, the concept of smart healthcare has gradually come to the fore. Smart healthcare uses a new generation of information technologies, such as the internet of things (loT), data analysis, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence, to transform the traditional medical system in an all-round way, making healthcare more efficient, more convenient, and more personalized. The use of such healthcare system have helped to diagnose many victims during the absence of a doctor. Also, [2]the use of these healthcare systems do not only help patients know how to manage their health but assists healthcare providers to reduce emergency cases, track patients, staff, and inventory; for the overall control of epidemics. Keywords: pandemic, IoT, data analysis, cloud computing, artificial Intelligence.
Human-like underdog brands: How brand personality affects selfservice technology adoption
Authors: Kim Yaeri , Park Kiwan , Lee Seojin Stacey
Published: January 2022

This research explored the effects of service delivery types (conventional face-to-face service vs. self-service technologies; SSTs) and brand personality (underdog brand vs. top-dog brand) on consumers' brand attitudes. Study 1 revealed that consumers perceived more anthropomorphic
features in underdog brands than in top-dog brands (Hypothesis 1). The anthropomorphic brand personality of an underdog affected consumers' preferences for service type. The results of Study 2 indicated that consumers preferred face-to-face service to SSTs for underdog brands (Hypothesis 2).
The underlying mechanism to explain this phenomenon was revealed by the perceived increased discomfort when using SSTs (Hypothesis 3). These findings offer practical implications for marketing managers in deciding when brand personality should be considered when adopting a new service type.
Reflexión de la humanización de la atención: teoría de Jean Watson y propuesta de su aplicación
Authors: Valencia Contrera Miguel Andrés , Melita Rodríguez Angélica
Published: January 2022

Introducción: Con el paso del tiempo la atención en salud se ha caracterizado por prácticas que hacen falta a la ética profesional, cuyos cimientos parecieran ser copiosos y con disímiles características; la teoría del cuidado humanizado de Jean Watson proporciona una forma de tratar la problemática. Objetivo: Describir las piedras angulares del trabajo de Jean Watson y proporcionar una propuesta de aplicación que entregue respuesta a las actuales necesidades de humanización del cuidado y de la atención en salud de la población chilena. Metodología: Artículo descriptivo-analítico, el cual se organizó en dos etapas, en la primera de ellas se realizó una revisión descriptiva incluyendo libros, producciones científicas, entrevistas, material audiovisual y se complementó con una revisión del estado del arte enla base de datos Web of Science y en una segunda etapa se expone una propuesta de aplicación teórica que permita el abordaje del cuidado humanizado. Conclusiones: Se logró describir los elementos transversales del trabajo de Jean Watson, la que fundamenta la propuesta de generar normas o protocolos donde se desarrolle una estandarización de la humanización del cuidado humano, cuyos resultados sean aquilatados a través de indicadores de cuidados humanizados.
Method of restoring the geofield values based on data from a highly mobile geosensors network using an automatic adaptive technique for determining the parameters of the local regression kernel
Authors: Gvozdev O.G. , Maiorov A.A. , Materuhin A.V.
Published: January 2022

The article deals with the matter of restoring the geofield based high-intensity spatio-temporal data streams received from a highly mobile geosensors network in real time. It includes dozen thousands of active measuring devices that measure at a frequency of up to 5 Hz and are installed on mobile platforms moving at speeds of up to 80–100 km/h. For solving this task, we propose to apply the method of local smoothing. To adapt a kernel of local regression to the conditions of a specific task, such as the features of the terrain or the simulated geofield, as well as the characteristics of the geosensor network, the authors suggested using the kernel of local regression obtained through using stochastic optimization methods. The application of genetic algorithms and the method of simulating annealing for this purpose are considered. The structure of a generalized method based on this idea is presented in the article. The results of model experiments aimed to confirm the operability of this method and those of evaluating the performance of this method in single-threaded mode are given.
DIESELGATE E O CAPITALISMO NO SÉCULO XXI: UMA ANÁLISE DO CASO VOLKSWAGEN E A MÁ-FÉ NAS RELAÇÕES CONSUMERISTAS
Authors: Custódio Felipe Augusto Silva , Silva de Oliveira Marcelle Mariá
Published: January 2022

O presente artigo analisa o caso concreto do Dieselgate da Volkswagen sob o enfoque do Direito do consumidor e as consequências quanto a inobservância dos preceitos consumeristas nas relações entre fornecedores e consumidores, bem como os prejuízos que o capitalismo exacerbado causa a sociedade nos dias atuais. A sociedade atual é predominantemente pautada pelo consumo, em que diariamente as pessoas adquirem produtos ou serviços, no intuito de sanar as suas necessidades. Entretanto, aqueles que são responsáveis pelos maiores percentuais de riquezas do mundo, muitas vezes não respeitam os consumidores de forma adequada, agindo em patente descompasso com o princípio da boa-fé objetiva. Nesse sentido, a preocupação dos autores que construíram a ideia do “comum” está vívida e exemplificada.
O SETOR PETROLÍFERO DO ESTADO RIO DE JANEIRO: UMA ANÁLISE INSUMO-PRODUTO
Authors: Pereira Marcílio Zanelli , Luz Leonardo Neves , Pereira Giovana Nascimento
Published: January 2022

O estudo tem por principal objetivo analisar os efeitos na economia fluminense de novos investimentos desencadeados pelos leilões das bacias de petróleo que tem ocorrido desde 1999 e com a previsão de novas rodadas até 2021. A metodologia utilizada foi a de insumo-produto, por permitir capturar os efeitos diretos e indiretos de um aumento da produção sobre a economia, bem como analisar o relacionamento entre setores e regiões. As bases de dados empregadas no estudo foram as matrizes inter-regionais dos anos 2008 e 2011, para as regiões Restante do Brasil e Rio de Janeiro. Os resultados apontaram que o setor petrolífero do estado do Rio de Janeiro transborda sua produção para os demais setores tanto pelo seu poder de oferta, quanto pela necessidade de consumo. No ano de 2008, o setor se revelou mais influenciador pelo lado da demanda, ao passo que em 2011, se destacou por sua oferta de insumos. O setor também se caracterizou como um setor chave da economia fluminense nos dois anos estudados, já que o mesmo possui capacidade de demandar e ofertar insumos acima da média, comparados aos outros setores. Na análise inter-regional, o setor petrolífero do Rio de Janeiro mostrou possuir um poder de concentração, mesmo quando a produção não é de origem fluminense.
“Self-observation” in space: Russian estate in the lyrics of Anna Akhmatova of 1910s
Authors:   A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yuliya V. Yuliya V.
Published: January 2022

The object of analysis in the article is the lyrical works of Akhmatova of theThe object of analysis in the article is the lyrical works of Akhmatova of thepre-revolutionary period (1904–1917). When studying the specifics of the organizationof the space of the village and suburbs (Tsarskoye Selo, Pavlovsk), special emphasis isplaced on the problem of the subject organization of lyrics: the “real”, expressed image ofthe heroine is correlated with the lyrical self of the observer, whose field of view is wider,the point of view is more transcendental, and the movement of vision is semanticallysignificant. The theme of nature sounds in the poet’s early lyrics in connection with thethemes of love, creativity, art; the originality of space is revealed through the study of asystem of motifs and key images. Since 1915, Akhmatova has been seriously thinkingabout the problem of the role of the poet and the new content of poetry in the situation of asocio-historical catastrophe. The space of the suburb, the village and the image of the oldRussian estate are correlated with the main theme of the time, the tragic sound of whichis given by the motifs of irreversibility of the past, expulsion from paradise, apocalypse.
Bernovo’s Legends: the noble estate in the memories of its alumnus in the 20th century
Authors:   A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Stroganov Mikhail V. ,   A.N. Kosygin Russian State University
Published: January 2022

At the beginning of the 20th century the memories of the Russian nobility depicting the life of the previous generations of their family were very often written in the form of family traditions. The memoirs of the last representatives of the Wulf family and their closest relatives, residents and guests of the Bernovo and Kurovo-Pokrovskoye estates of the Staritsky district of the Tver province are the most illustrative material in this regard. Their male peers were left out of creating memoirs because, as household experience shows, it is women who are the keepers of family traditions, remembering the dates of home holidays, household minutiae and details, and because of more intensive communication with children they are more involved in the formation of their family memory. Women are more likely to fix love stories, household anecdotes. Texts by A.N. Ponafidina, O.N. Wulf, A.N. Bolt, and V.D. Bubnova dedicated to the “golden age” of the noble estate of the early 19th century, when A.S. Pushkin visited the Staritsky estates of the Wulfs and their relatives, should be called secondary memoirs. They have not seen Pushkin themselves, and the people of the previous generation who told them about Pushkin had seen him when they had been children. Therefore, in these secondary memoirs are constantly found details of a legendary character of the poet.
“Kitezh of the Soviet era”: the image of the “Heavenly commune” in the “estate myth” of М.М. Prishvin (based on the writer’s diary, 1920–1950s)
Authors:   Orthodox St. Tikhon University for the Humanities, Knorre Elena Yu.
Published: January 2022

The article is the first to reconstruct the image of a commune in the “estate myth” of M.M. Prishvin on the material of his diaries of the 1920–1950s. In the writer’s work, the images of a garden, an estate house, a summer residence embody the idea of human space management. In a number of diary entries can be found allusions to the A.P. Chekhov’s idea that “all Russia is our garden”, Prishvin reinterprets this metaphor in the context of the problem of “socialism” in the philosophy of Christian personalism (A.А. Ukhtomsky, A.А. Meyer, A.К. Gorsky, etc.). In the diaries of 1937, appears the image of the “Нeavenly commune”, derivating from the myth of the Invisible city of Kitezh in the culture of the Silver Age. The “estate myth” in the Soviet period includes allusions to the religious and philosophical ideas of A.S. Khomyakov (the church as a single God-human organism), the idea of “all-unity” (“God-manhood”) by V.S. Solovyov. The myth of the “Нeavenly commune” becomes the basis for the plot of the return to the lost house, the prototype of which is the Khrushchevo estate and its transformed image in the country estate in the village of Dunino, acquired by Prishvin in 1946. The house in Dunino and the plot of collecting the ecumenical house associated with the image of dacha existence become the basis of Prishvin’s “estate myth” in the Soviet period, where the topos of the estate-dacha is included in the author’s philosophical reflections on the connection between the microcosm and the macrocosm, defining the connection between the concepts of “estate” — “common house” — “Commune” — “nature” — “Church”.
Estate real and estate literary in the fate and work of S.N. Durylin
Authors:   A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Akimova Maria S.
Published: January 2022

The article uses the example of two autobiographical loci (“native corner” — the Moscow city estate, where S.N. Durylin (1886–1954) spent his childhood, and “his corner” — the rural estate house in Bolshevo near Moscow, where his life ended) to show the variability and mutational potential of the “estate topos” of the 20th century in Durylin’s work, the role of the estate in his life, the ratio of its real and literary appearance. The estate world in Durylin’s literary memoirs “In the native corner” (1930– 1942) is theoanthropic and hierarchically centered, thanks to which the poetosphere of the estate becomes a conjugation of the objective (bodily), spiritual and spiritual principles, with the predominance of the latter two. The images of a house as a person and a person as a spiritual home go back to the parable about building houses on stone or on sand, told by Christ to his disciples (Matthew 7: 24–27). The traditional spiritual and anthropological estate reality that lived in Durylin’s memory was recreated physically as a cast from the ideal-mental reality: “his corner” was built in 1936 from fragments of buildings of the destroyed Moscow Passion Monastery, as if repeating the “monastic” architecture of the “native corner” in Pleteshki. The iconic image of the house-estate formed a free spiritual and moral space in the most unfree Soviet years — the Durylin house in Bolshevo became the center of attraction of the creative intelligentsia, the center of a large family connected by ties of spiritual kinship. The house performed both a residential function, and a museum, and a temple.
The philosophy of solitude (Beatus ille theme) in the “estate” poetry of Europe: Horace, Fray Luis de León, I.A. Bunin
Authors:   University of Granada, Calvo Martinez Jose Luis , Arsentieva Natalia N. ,   University of Granada
Published: January 2022

The article examines the themes of withdrawal from the world (Beatus ille) and the solitary contemplation of nature in the “estate” poetry and prose of I.A. Bunin, a Russian writer of the late 19th to the mid-20th century and traces the sources of his inspiration to the thought of philosophers and writers of classic antiquity (Horace, etc.) and to the Renaissance (Luis de León, etc.). The transition from Neoclassicism and the cult of the arts to the Neoplatonic philosophy of nature in Russian Literature, which took place from the end of the 18th century through the early 19th century, led to the rebirth of an aesthetics based on immediate impressions of reality. The “estate culture” from that period, with its linking of culture and nature, allowed Russian authors to convey complex thoughts and feelings rising from their cultivation of solitude and the contemplation of nature. In Bunin’s legacy, the aesthetic value of the Russian estate is largely due to its proximity to the world of wild uncultured nature. An innovative feature of the Bunin poetic landscape is the fusion of man with the holy universe in light of the cosmological ideas of the Renaissance and the doctrine of the World Soul. A comparative analysis of the ode “The Life Removed” by Luis de Leon, a representative of the Golden Age of Spanish Renaissance poetry, and the motif of solitude in Bunin’s creative work reveal a common metaphysics. Moreover, our research also focuses on the mystery motif of the “liturgy of light” in both authors, which can be traced to the magical practice of communion with God in the hermetic tradition of late Hellenism. Finally, we analyze Bunin’s interpretation of the artist’s separation from the contemplation of beauty as grace during the destruction of the Russian “estate culture”.
Fables Collection in the Open Air: a Competition of Poets in the Versailles Labyrinth
Authors:   A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Dmitrieva Ekaterina E.
Published: January 2022

The article is devoted to one of the most significant elements of the estate structure of France in the 17th century, which found its most vivid expression in the park of the famous country residence of the French kings — Versailles, — and its reflection in literature. The Versailles labyrinth, created during the reign of Louis XIV and destroyed at the end of the 18th century together with its unique fountains that illustrated Aesop’s fables, remaines in the cultural memory thanks to the competition of three French poets of the second half of the 17th century — La Fontaine, Perrault and Benserad — who translated the fables. The rivalry of these authors for the right to illustrate fountains, one of whom, in fact, gave the king the idea of the maze (Perrault), is examined in the paper in the context of the dual symbolism of the labyrinth: propaedeutic and moralistic — and at the same time playfully-preciously-erotic. The passage through the maze, as well as through the Versailles park follows the principles of the of geese game (Jeu de l`oie).
P.A. Kulish-farmer and his “farm philosophy” in the historiosophical perspective of the 21st century
Authors:   Saint-Petersburg State University, Toichkina Alexandra V.
Published: January 2022

The article examines the “farm philosophy” of the Ukrainian writer and scientist P.A. Kulish (1819–1897) as a complex synthesis of Rousseau`s ideas, romantic aesthetics, populist ideology and Christian views. In a number of features, it is a kind of analogue of the Great Russian “estate culture” of the late 18th — early 20th centuries. “Farm philosophy” is ambiguously related to the life of the writer on his own farm Zarog in the Luben region on the territory of Malorossia in the 1850s. The reality of everyday life and relations with the serfs are, on the one hand, in contradiction with the provisions of his “farm philosophy”, on the other hand, they are the practical experience on which the writer developed these ideas. The ideas of the Kulish “farm philosophy” are not only a religious and philosophical substantiation of the positive sociocultural meaning of the farm in the history of the Ukrainian people, its language and literature, but also a kind of historiosophical program for the development of the Ukrainian nation.
Dacha plots in women’s prose of the turn of the 19th – 20th centuries
Authors:   A.N. Kosygin Russian State University, Stroganova Evgeniya N.
Published: January 2022

The article is devoted to the works of three popular writers of the late 19th – early 20th century — M.V. Krestovskaya (“Early thunderstorms”), A.A. Verbitskaya (“Vavochka”) and L.A. Charskaya (“Guilty, but... A novel of a rebellious soul”), in which the “dacha topos” is important. In all the works, the main collisions are connected with the images of the heroines experiencing the last, forbidden love, while their relationships with their growing daughters play an essential role. The article considers the features of the image of the “dacha topos” as a kind of space of freedom, canceling the accepted conventions and removing ethical restrictions. At the same time, the topic of sexual relations associated with the images of girls is articulated only in the texts of Verbitskaya (“Vavochka”, “Whose fault is it?”, “Naden’ka”), but none of them has emphatically explicit erotic descriptions. In the image of the heroines-mothers, the sexual aspect is not articulated, their attachment to the male character is dominated not by the carnal, but by the emotional and spiritual principle. It is not by chance that in all the works, next to the image of the mother, there is the image of the daughter, who becomes a kind of moral standard (the works of Krestovskaya and Charskaya) or whose devotion is stronger than a deep feeling for the beloved (Verbitskaya’s novel).
“Ranevskaya’s estate” and “Gayev’s homestead”: on the issue of nominations of location in “The Cherry Orchard” by Anton Chekhov
Authors:   The Russian State University for the Humanities, Domansky Yuri V. ,   A.A. Bakhrushin State Central Theater Museum
Published: January 2022

In this article we make an attempt to consider the issue of location by analyzing how Chekhov implies the words “estate” and “homestead” in his play “The Cherry Orchard”. It turns out that the word “estate” is not only placed in the dominant position in paratext when author indicates the place, but it is also frequently used in characters’ lines, while the word “homestead” is implied just once, viz in author’s notes that opens the second act; furthermore, the word is used as an adverbial and is followed by “road”-locus, so that characters never use the word “homestead” when they speak of the “estate”. Concurrently, the article discusses the considered-many-times-before question about the estate’s belonging. As it appears in the first and second acts of the play, the estate — in accordance with the paratextual notes — belongs to Ranevskaya, and nobody attributes its belonging to anybody else but to the Gayev family. At the same time, while pretending to be total, the first paratextual note is broken by the fact that in the third and fourth acts of the play events take place in the estate that doesn’t legally belong to Ranevskaya anymore. However, it doesn’t mean that the initial paratextual note is declined in the second part of the comedy. The initial note continues to be a true when it comes to the “estate”, since in its verbalized position it never becomes “Lopakhin’s estate” — no matter whose point of view is explicated, and some irony sounds in the words of the new owner when he calls himself “the new landlord”. Then, from all points of view, the “Lyubov Andreyevna’s estate” retains its status even after its transition on to the new owner. Thus, a closer look at the nominations of location in the Chekhov’s comedy makes it possible to comprehend at a deeper level some aspects of poetics of “The Cherry Orchard”, at least the aspects related to the interconnection between literary space, the sequence of events, and characters system.
The Chekhov case: The world of Russian estate in the chronotope of the “large city”
Authors:   The State Literary and Memorial Museum-Reserve of A.P. Chekhov “Melikhovo”, Zhuravleva Anastasia A.
Published: January 2022

The article attempts to identify and describe one of the methods of the artistic embodiment of the Chekhov chronotope of the “large city” (according to the definition of I.N. Sukhikh), which replaced the “estate” and wider — epic, patriarchal-village chronotope of the Russian classics. Such a technique in Chekhov’s poetics is the introduction of common memories of heroes into the structure of works, rethinking their traditional functions and highlighting, sharpening the meaning of their characteristics such as cultural and psychological community. The commonality of memories is understood as the coincidence, identity, separability of the picture of the past by all participants of communication both at the level of factual events and at the level of value attitude to the subject of memory. Using the example of the writer’s works that differ in time of creation and genres, it is shown how the commonality of the heroes’ memories that arises or, conversely, does not arise becomes a marker of a psychological contact that has taken place or has not taken place, a sign of the changed structure of the world, the core of which for Chekhov, unlike I.S. Turgenev, L.N. Tolstoy, etc. classical writers, is the “large city” with its psychological heterogeneity and open-mindedness. The estate is depicted by Chekhov through the prism of a new dominant chronotope: the “estate chronotope” is replaced by the chronotope of the “large city”.
“Rebellious estates” in E.N. Chirikov’s prose
Authors:   M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Mikhailova Maria V. , Nazarova Anastasia V. ,   M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: January 2022

The article analyzes the peculiarity of the “estate topos” in the prerevolutionary and emigrant works of E.N. Chirikov. A comparison of his prose and drama with the previous literary tradition shows the estate brings out a fundamentally different function in Chirikov’s creativity. In the literature of the 19th century estate was depicted as a place where a person can find peace of mind and calming down (I.S. Turgenev, I.A. Goncharov, etc.), or, on the contrary, as a space that has a corrupting effect on owners and servants (N.V. Gogol, N.A. Nekrasov, M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin). Chirikov’s contemporaries — writers of the Silver Age (A.P. Chekhov, I.A. Bunin, A.N. Tolstoy, etc.) were characterized by a synthesis of “idealizing” and “critical” views on the role of the estate in the Russian history and culture. However, in Chirikov’s novels and “social dramas”, the space of the estate house and garden becomes an arena of confrontation between various social groups, primarily the noble liberal-democratic intelligentsia and the masses of the people. Chirikov is showing that this conflict is based on the struggle for the land, which is used as a bait for the people by the owners of the estates, who play calculatingly on the centuries-old peasant dreams of land redistribution. So according to writer’s point of view deception and provocation led to the revolutionary explosion of 1917, which eventually destroyed all the “noble nests”.
Aesthetic Functions of a Tale in Ivan Bunin`s Prose
Authors:   National Research Tomsk State University, Khatyamova Marina A.
Published: January 2022

The tale (‘skaz’) is a rare object of interest for Bunin, therefore the organization of narration in the stories “The Good Life” (1911), “About the Fool Emelya, Who Came Out Smarter” (1921), “Rafter Man” (1930), “Iron Wool” (1944), representing different stages of work, is aesthetically significant and allows one to trace the narrative dynamics of the writer’s prose as a whole. While in the first three works the author chooses a characteristic ‘skaz’ as a way of self-exposure of the people’s consciousness, the folklore stylization in the latter serves to depict the conditioning of the author’s consciousness by national mentality and tradition. A characteristic tale used by Bunin in the 1910s and 1930s in order to discover and comprehend external reality (personality psychology, socio-historical modernity, national being) later gives way to folk stylization as a tool for discovering cosmic Eros in the archaics of national consciousness and in the unconscious of the author — the bearer of the archetypal structures.
Ivan Bunin Polemic against Delfino Cinelli’s Book ‛Tolstoy’
Authors:   University of Milan, Garetto Elda
Published: January 2022

The paper aims to outline the context of the XI chapter of “The Liberation of Tolstoy” by Ivan Bunin and, in particular, his polemical response to the monograph about Leo Tolstoy, published by the Italian writer Delfino Cinelli in 1934. Bunin saw in Cinelli’s work a typical example of a widespread false interpretation of Tolstoy’s personality. Based on reviews and articles by A.V. Amfiteatrov in the periodicals of the Russian diaspora and unpublished correspondence between Amfiteatrov and Ivan Bunin and other émigrée writers, the essay outline the role of Amfiteatrov in acquainting Russian readers with the positions of Italian criticism about Tolstoy. A comparison of various Italian sources shows that Amfiteatrov’s reviews reflected the echo of the polemic about Tolstoy, which was very lively in Italian cultural circles at the beginning of the twentieth century, and in particular the views of the writer and philosopher Giovanni Papini on this issue. This episode can be seen as a case study of the heterogeneous reception of Tolstoy’s work and personality within the framework of the interaction between the Russian emigration and the European culture.
The Image of Ivan Bunin in the Correspondences of Aleksandr Amfiteatrov with the Russian Émigré Writers in Paris (Mark Aldanov, Boris Zaitsev, Teffi, Ivan Shmelev)
Authors:   University of Milan, Garetto Elda
Published: January 2022

This paper gives an overview of the several references to Ivan Bunin found in Alexander Amfiteatrov’s letters, which are kept in the writer’s archive and have been published only in fragments. The article considers Amfiteatrov’s correspondence with prominent writers of “Russian Paris”, such as Mark Aldanov, Boris Zaitsev, Teffi and Ivan Schmelev. During the 1920–1930s they often wrote to Amfiteatrov about the Russian literary environment in Paris, their common friends and, especially, Ivan Bunin. The aim of the paper is to illustrate the dominant features of a multifaceted, polyphonic epistolary portrait of Bunin, composed of multiple fragments. It also emphasizes the peculiar characteristics of Bunin’s image, specific for each correspondent, by looking at the individual and sometimes contradictory approach of each writer to Bunin’s art and personality. The overview follows both chronological and thematic approach. It also shows that almost all references to Bunin mention his Nobel Prize, highlighting different aspects and reactions connected to this important award.
Ivan Bunin and the ‛Russian Annals’
Authors:   Università degli Studi di Milano, Schruba Manfred
Published: January 2022

The paper expounds the reasons and circumstances of Ivan Bunin’s failed collaboration (except one publication in the inaugural number) with the review and publishing house “Russian Annals” (Paris; Shanghai, 1937–1938, no. 1–20/21). The analysis is based on the unpublished materials from the archival fund of the review’s secretary M.V. Vishniak from the Hoover Institution (Stanford), in particular, his correspondence with the publisher M.N. Pavlovsky and with the editor P.N. Milyukov in the years 1938–1940 (i.e., essentially, the review’s and the publishing house’s inner editorial correspondence) amounting to some 200 letters. Numerous quotations from these letters are adduced, reporting the content of the conversations and the correspondence of M.V. Vishniak with Ivan Bunin, with vividly expressed evaluative elements. The materials, introduced for the first time into scientific use, offer new traits to Bunin’s personal and artistic biography for the years 1938–1939, in particular, some readers reactions on Bunin’s in memoriam in the newspaper “Poslednie Novosti” on the occasion of Fyodor Shalyapin’s death.
‛The Star of His Poetry Rose Slowly and Surely...’: Exhibition at the Literary Museum of the Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkin House) of the RAS, Dedicated to the 150th Anniversary of the Birth of Ivan Bunin
Authors:   Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkin House) of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Khitrovo Lydia K.
Published: January 2022

The paper presents the materials of the anniversary online exhibition, shown on October 28, 2020 to the participants of the international academic conference “Ivan Bunin and His Time” (IRLI RAS). For the first time, a significant part of both known and newly discovered materials of unique historical and literary significance related to Bunin’s personal and creative biography was collected and presented as a whole. These materials are stored at the Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkin House) of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the collections of its Manuscript Department, the Literary Museum and the Research Library. The article contains a reconfirmed attribution of many archival, iconographic and book materials, which are accompanied by a detailed scientific and technical description. Such work allows us to start the preparational works on the catalog “Materials of Ivan Bunin from the collections of the Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkin House) of the Russian Academy of Sciences”.
On the Pages of Vera Bunina’s Correspondence
Authors:   A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Frolov Maksim A.
Published: January 2022

Letters (in extracts and in full) by Vera Nikolaevna Muromtseva-Bunina to M.F. Andreeva, N.S. Klestov-Angarsky, P.A. Nilus, A.P. Shpolyansky (Don Aminado) written by her in the period from 1913 to 1935 and deposited in the funds of addressees in the RGALI and Department of manuscripts of the RSL are introduced into scientific circulation. These letters can add to our understanding of the certain episodes in the biography of Vera and Ivan Bunin, tell about the fate of people from their inner circle, adding additional details to the known picture of events and destinies. Moreover, one can note an increased interest in the personality and heritage of Bunina, as well as in her diaries, memoirs and correspondence, articles and publications devoted to her biography appear in the press. The letters contain lively responses and reactions, so that their emotional component is no less significant than the content component, since it characterizes the author’s personality to a greater extent than many other sources.