bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Criminological Policy in the Conditions of Spread of Acute Respiratory Disease COVID-19
Authors: Dzhuzha Oleksandr , Veresha Roman , Tychyna Dmytro , Vasilevich Vitaliy
Published: January 2021

The relevance of the study is due to the necessity to develop approaches and algorithms to combat the threat of global pandemics in order to prevent catastrophic consequences in the fields of public health and the economy. The purpose of this study is to identify priority areas of the criminological policy during quarantine activities related to COVID-19, as well as to develop a set of strategic approaches to victimological security during quarantine activities. The study used a dialectical method, as well as methods of modelling and systematic analysis of data, which allowed analysing the current challenges facing the Ukrainian legal system in defining a set of legal requirements and government decisions aimed at identifying and eliminating the causes and conditions of crime, ensuring public safety during quarantine activities related to COVID-19. The results of the study suggest that a strategic document could be an effective political and legal tool in combating and overcoming the consequences of the spread of existing and future viral diseases. Such a document should provide a clear algorithm of actions and measures to ensure the safety of citizens in crises and prevent the commission of crimes caused by the threat of pandemics. In this regard, a set of political and legal decisions of strategic importance to counter the spread of the global pandemic at the national level and the direction of the formation of criminological policy in the implementation of anti-epidemic measures. In practical terms, the results of the study can be used to develop the legislative initiative of Ukraine and other countries, comprehensive documents and strategies to regulate public relations in the face of legal restrictions related to epidemiological threats
Methodological Problems of the Conceptual Framework Development for Innovation Studies in Forensic Science
Authors: Shevchuk Viktor
Published: January 2021

The paper investigates the development issues associated with the conceptual framework of the innovation studies in forensic science as a new research area in forensic science. The author studies the methodological problems of developing and grouping categories and concepts of the subject matter. It is substantiated that the level of development and validity of any scientific theory, including the innovation studies in forensic science, is determined according to the degree and level of development of its theoretical and methodological principles and the framework of categories and concepts of this theory. In particular, this refers to such concepts as forensic innovation, innovative forensic product, their functions, classifications, stages of the innovation process, etc. The study analyses the scientific approaches to understanding the basic categories of the matter under consideration, which are innovative forensic product and forensic innovation. The author offers their definitions, describes essential features and properties, and analyses the correlation of these concepts. Furthermore, the author analyses the general and universal dialectical method of rising from the abstract to the concrete and from the concrete to the abstract, including their role in the development of the conceptual framework of innovation studies in forensic science. The study notes that the methodological framework for the development and implementation of innovative forensic products and the application of forensic innovations in law enforcement also includes activity-based, system-structural, and technological approaches, the use of which is promising both in the study of basic concepts of innovation studies in forensic science and in the development of this forensic theory. The author articulates proposals and individual insights in the solution of particular debating points associated with innovations in forensic science and law enforcement practice. The study substantiates that a comprehensive approach to the development of basic concepts and categories of innovation studies in forensic science constitutes a methodological foundation for further research on this subject, which determines the promising areas for the development of forensic scienc
Italian Experience of the Administrative Justice Functioning
Authors: Monaienko Anton
Published: January 2021

The development of administrative legal proceedings in Ukraine determines the search for optimal ways to improve the system. Each country has its own strategy for the functioning of administrative justice, which depends on cultural, historical, national, integration processes, as well as the gradual formation of the legal system of a particular state. The main purpose of the study is to analyse the Italian experience of the administrative justice functioning. To achieve this goal, various theoretical methods are used. The method of legal forecasting allowed to identify areas for improvement of administrative justice in Ukraine. The author presents the concept and features of administrative justice operation in Italy in matters of protection of violated rights, freedoms and interests of individual and citizen by decisions, actions and omissions of the authorities; analyses the system and structure of administrative justice in Italy, its specialisation; features of some categories of public law disputes and delimitation of jurisdiction of administrative courts and general courts in resolving certain categories of administrative cases, features of their reading in administrative courts of Italy of first and appellate instance; powers of the Italian State Council in resolving public law disputes, and powers of quasi-judicial tribunals of Italy, which perform the functions of justice. It is revealed that the administrative courts of Italy are empowered with the rights to assess the activities of public administration. Based on the experience of other countries, including Italy, we can conclude that a well-built system of administrative justice can help protect the rights of Ukrainian citizens and the rule of law. But it is important not only to focus on foreign countries, but also to take into account the peculiarities of the legal system of Ukraine
The concept and methods of harmonisation of the private law legislation of ukraine in the field of provision of transport services with the legislation of the European Union
Authors: Lukasevych-Krutnyk Iryna
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the harmonisation of private law legislation of Ukraine in the field of transport services with the legislation of the European Union. The purpose of the study is to formulate the concept and determine the main ways to harmonise the private law of Ukraine in the field of transport services with the legislation of the European Union. The main method of scientific work is the method of legal analysis, the use of which made it possible to identify possible ways to harmonise national legislation in this area to European standards. Based on the analysis of the norms of national legislation and the legislation of the European Union, the terms “harmonisation”, “adaptation” and “approximation” were distinguished. It was proposed to understand the harmonisation of private legislation in the field of transport services with the legislation of the European Union as the process of adjusting Ukrainian legislation on the basis of EU legislation, in particular directives and regulations, in order to bring national legislation in line with their provisions. According to the results of the study, the harmonisation of private law of Ukraine in the field of transport services with EU law occurs in three ways, namely: 1) Ukraine's accession to international regulations in force in the EU, or the signing of bilateral agreements on cooperation in in the field of providing transport services with EU countries; 2) development and adoption of regulatory legal acts of Ukraine in the field of transport services, which take into account the provisions of EU law; 3) implementation into national legislation of the provisions of EU regulations and directives by making changes and additions to the current regulations of Ukraine. The practical significance of the research results is that the theoretical provisions and conclusions can become the basis for further research on the legal regulation of contractual relations for the provision of transport services in the context of European integration processes. The materials of the article can be used in the educational process for the preparation of educational and methodological support and teaching of relevant topics in terms of training courses in civil, contract and contract law, as well as special civil disciplines
The Role of the Supreme Court in the Mechanism of Ensuring the Sustainability and Unity of Judicial Practice: Some Aspects
Authors: Shylo Olha , Hlynska Nataliia
Published: January 2021

One of the means of ensuring the stability and unity of judicial practice is the decision of the Supreme Court, which deviates from the conclusion on the application of the rule of law in such legal relations. The current criminal procedural legislation of Ukraine clearly regulates the procedure for such a derogation, which is generally in line with the case law of the European Court of Human Rights and international recommendations in this area. However, this procedure has immanent significant features that require scientific analysis of the current procedural form in this segment with regard to its adequacy to the needs of ensuring the right of everyone to a fair trial and society's expectations for reasonable predictability of court decisions. In view of this, within the framework of this study, the categories “unity” and “sustainability” of judicial practice as a subject of provision by the Supreme Court was carried out. To achieve this purpose, the authors used a set of modern general and special legal methods. The study considers the procedural order for the Supreme Court to deviate from the conclusion on the application of the rule of law in such legal relations; the legal nature of the issue of the hierarchy of legal positions of the Supreme Court is analysed. It is established that the key idea embodied by the legislator in the statutory model of the procedure for deviating from the opinion on the application of the rule of law is that the possibility of such a deviation from the opinion, depending on the composition of the court in which it was adopted and determines the "higher degree of significance" of such a conclusion and its application in further judicial practice. These areas were studied with the consideration of the recommendations of the Advisory Council of European Judges, as well as the relevant practice of the Supreme Court
Alimony Obligations of Family Members in the Family Law of Ukraine: Problematic Issues of Theory and Practice
Authors: Borisova Valentina , Krasytska Larysa
Published: January 2021

The relevance of the study of alimony obligations of family members in the family law of Ukraine is conditioned by both the latest approaches of the legislator to the regulation of alimony relations, and the problems of law enforcement practice in this area. The purpose of the study is to determine the features of alimony obligations of family members in the family law of Ukraine, to identify problems of legal regulation and enforcement of these obligations and to develop recommendations for their elimination. Methodologically, the study of alimony obligations of family members is divided into separate structural parts, which cover the general features of these obligations in the family law of Ukraine and the features of their individual types. The methodological basis for the study of alimony obligations of family members in the family law of Ukraine is developed at the philosophical, general scientific and special scientific levels. The study proves that the alimony obligations of family members are in essence family law monetary obligations that arise on the grounds specified by law or contract, are long-term and personal. It is proposed that one of the spouses be considered in need of financial aid if their monthly income (salary, pension, income from the use of their property, other income) is less than the minimum wage established by law. It is proposed to apply similar provisions to identify parents in need of financial aid in alimony obligations for the maintenance of disabled parents by adult children. It is argued that the change of the minimum amount of alimony to be collected from the alimony payer per child is not a basis for applying Article 192 of the Civil Code of Ukraine, but is a basis for changing the minimum amount of alimony specified in the writ of execution and alimony recovery, and is taken into account when determining the amount of alimony or alimony arrears. Other changes to the Family Code of Ukraine have been proposed to improve the procedure for collecting alimony for family members. The analysis of theoretical provisions of alimony obligations of family members and practical problems of law enforcement in this area and the development of proposals to improve family law is important for further research of family law obligations, will contribute to the development of an effective mechanism for exercising and remedy of the rights of parties in family legal relations and the establishment of the unity of judicial practice
Theoretic and Practical Aspects of Protection of the Right of Ownership in the Hereditary Relations
Authors: Dzera Iryna
Published: January 2021

The relevance of the subject matter lies in the fact that inheritance is one of the most common grounds for acquiring property by individuals. Considering the fact that the heirs are often relatives of the testator, to avoid disputes between them, the law should contain an effective mechanism for resolving relations between heirs over the redistribution of inheritance or change of the order of inheritance, and a mechanism to protect the rights and interests of heirs in case of disputes. The purpose of this study is to identify gaps and inconsistencies in civil legislation and case law in the study of the main ways to protect the rights of heirs in hereditary relations, and ways to resolve them. It is noted that in the presence of disputes between the heirs, it is not the protection of property rights that is carried out, because the heirs have not yet acquired the right of ownership, but the protection of the right to inheritance, according to which they will be able to acquire ownership of the inherited property. There is a lack of a particular list of ways to protect the rights of heirs in the legislation of Ukraine, which has a negative impact on judicial practice, as they often use inappropriate methods of protection. The study analyses the case law of hereditary disputes and identifies the main mistakes that courts make in resolving such cases. Particular attention is focused on the study of such methods of protection as the recognition of the certificate of inheritance as invalid, the hereditary recognition of the property that belonged to the deceased, but was not part of the inheritance. The study investigates the moment of ownership of the hereditary property of the heirs and a critical analysis of the provisions of Article 1268 of the Civil Code, which determine the moment from which the inheritance belongs to the heir – namely from the moment of opening the inheritance. There is a conflict between the rules of Article 1268 and Article 3 of the Law of Ukraine "On state registration of real rights to immovable property and their encumbrances" in terms of establishing the moment of ownership of immovable property by inheritance
Bone Mineral Density in Patients With Coxarthrosis With Concomitant Spinal Pathology
Authors: Haluzynskyi O.A. , Haiko O.G. , Gayko G.V.
Published: January 2021

Summary. Relevance. Combined pathology of the lumbar spine and hip joint is rightly considered one of the serious problems of modern orthopedics. Among the many factors that can cause lumbar spine pain, a decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) of the vertebral bodies in the form of osteoporosis may play a role. Objective: to study BMD in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip joints with concomitant pathology of the spine. Materials and Methods. The analysis of data of densitometric and statistical research of 62 patients who had grade III-IV coxarthrosis (CA) with concomitant pathology of the spine was carried out. Results. Decreased BMD in patients with grade III CA was found in 22 (35.4%) in the form of osteopenia and in 8 (12.9%) as osteoporosis; in patients with grade IV CA – in 4 (6.4%) and in 17 (27.4%) – respectively. It was found that BMD in patients with grade IV CA is significantly lower than in patients with grade III and there is a probable medium-strength relationship between a stage of CA and BMD of the femoral neck. It has been proven that patients with hypoplastic coxarthrosis and the true form of lumbar vertebral syndrome (LVS) have probably lower mean BMD values and exactly these groups of patients have the highest incidence of osteopenia and osteoporosis. Conclusions. 51 (82%) patients with grade III-IV CA revealed a decrease in BMD in the form of osteopenia and osteoporosis, the degree of which depends on the severity of the disease and functional insufficiency of the limb. Changes in BMD have their own characteristics in patients with different types of CA and forms of LVS.
Analysis of the 2D motion of a monolith platform mechanism
Authors: Czyrnek Mikołaj , Tora Grzegorz
Published: January 2021

This paper summarises the results of motion analysis of a platform mechanism with a monolith design. A four-link planar mechanism was engineered in which the platform positioning is effected via one passive link and two eccentric links actuated by stepper motors. The prototype of the device was fabricated following a computation procedure based on the classical mechanism and machine theory and FEM calculations. Testing performed on the model and on the real device revealed the presence of two points on the platform for which the resultant of two independent perpendicular displacements implemented by two stages can be obtained for small values of angular displacement.
An Explanation of the Landauer bound and its ineffectiveness with regard to multivalued logic
Authors: Kycia Radosław A. , Niemczynowicz Agnieszka
Published: January 2021

We discuss, using recent results on the thermodynamics of multivalued logic, the difficulties and pitfalls of how to apply the Landauer’s principle to thermodynamic computer memory models. The presentation is based on Szilard’s version of Maxwell’s demon experiment and use of equilibrium Thermodynamics. Different versions of thermodynamic/mechanical memory are presented – a one-hot encoding version and an implementation based on a reversed Szilard’s experiment. The relationship of the Landauer’s principle to the Galois connection is explained in detail.
First researches of the underwater ecosystem communities of an underground channel built in 1950s (Balaklava bay, Sevastopol)
Authors: Sergeeva Nelly G. , Tarariev Yuriy S. , Gorbunov Roman V. , Revkov Nikolay K. , Boltachova Natalya A. , Samokhin Gennadiy V. , Shcherbich Alexander M. , Kirin Maksim P. , Mironyuk Olga A. , Lukyanova Lyudmila F. , Timofeev Vitaliy A.
Published: January 2021

The results of the first studies of the ecosystem state of the underwater part of the channel, artificially created in the middle of the 20th century on the western shore of the Balaklava Bay (Sevastopol) as a naval base of the Black Sea Fleet for the submarines repair, are presented. Channel's ecosystem is determined by uniqueness of anthropogenic formation and considered as analogue of natural Black Sea cave. Hydrospelological survey of the channel and biological studies allowed assessing its current state, the nature of biofouling of its walls and anthropogenic and technical pollution of the bottom. Macrofauna of the channel wall biofouling is represented by the Mytilaster lineatus community, which has a high level of species abundance (about 80 species have been registered) and quantitative development. Both in taxonomic diversity and in quantitative terms, this community is comparable to the rocky substrate community near open Crimean coasts, but with a smaller share of crustacean group development. Due to weakened hydrodynamics, well developed fauna of bryozoans forming plurannual crusty structures and single sponges is observed on the channel's walls. In contrast to the channel walls biofouling, its bottom macrofauna has relatively lower quantitative and qualitative composition. Meiobenthos in the channel’s wall biofouling is represented by 18 higher taxa (type, class, order) of Protozoa and Metazoa with predominance of harpacticoids by abundance. Meiobenthos of the soft bottom of underground channel is represented by 15 higher taxa with predominance of free-living nematodes and harpacticoids by abundance. Average density of meiobenthos in the channel’s bottom sediments is comparable with similar parameters of its development in open water areas and Sevastopol bays.
Studi Perhitungan Muka Surutan Peta Berdasarkan Waktu Terjadi Supermoon di Perairan Kalabahi Nusa Tenggara Timur
Authors: Harito Rusito Retri , Fatoni Khoirol Imam , Pranowo Widodo Setyo
Published: January 2021

Ketersediaan data muka laut pada saat terjadi Supermoon di Perairan Kalabahi Nusa Tenggara Timur, merupakan modal untuk perhitungan dan menganalisis LAT untuk mendapatkan kedudukan Chart datum atau Muka Surutan Peta Laut. Data yang digunakan berasal dari pengukuran pasang surut Tim Survei Pushidrosal Perairan Kalabahi NTT pada tanggal 13 November hingga 12 Desember 2017. Dan data hasil pengukuran 1 Tahun stasiun pasang surut permanen BIG 1 Tahun mulai 9 Maret 2017 hingga 9 Maret 2018. Kedua data tersebut dilakukan pengolahan menggunakan metode least square dengan software matlab 2013a (T_tide-v1.3 beta), sehingga menghasilan 32 konstanta pasang surut, amplitudo dan fase serta data elevasi air laut. Konstanta yang signifikan dari data temporal Pushidrosal dan data permanen BIG berjumlah 8, hal ini menunjukkan konstanta tersebut adalah konstanta yang mempengaruhi supermoon berdasarkan amplitudo yang signifikan, yaitu O1, NO1, P1, K1, N2, M2, S2, K2. Hasil pengolahan data grafis pasang surut ke dua data tersebut saat terjadi fenomena supermoon, elevasi maksimumnya pada tanggal 5 Desember 2017 pukul 17.00 UTC sebesar 137.9 cm. Nilai muka surutannya pengolahan data permanen BIG sebesar 659 cm, dengan nilai MSL / duduk tengah sebesar 837 cm maka diperoleh nilai Zo adalah 177 cm. Untuk nilai Zo peta no. 394 (2016) sebesar 14 dm (140 cm) dibawah duduk tengah.
External labor migration in the Russian Far East: issues of crime and labor market protection
Authors: Mishchuk S. N. , Komarova T. M.
Published: January 2021

В работе дана оценка уровня преступности среди мигрантов в регионах Дальнего Востока России во втором десятилетии XXI века. Показано, что большинство преступлений на Дальнем Востоке совершают граждане из стран ближнего зарубежья, что объясняется преобладанием численности мигрантов данной категории над мигрантами из стран дальнего зарубежья. В зависимости от стран исхода мигрантов меняется структура преступности, а именно: граждане КНР, КНДР, Вьетнама в основном совершают преступления, связанные с нарушением экологического законодательства и в сфере экономической деятельности. Граждане СНГ чаще совершают преступления против жизни и здоровья, общественной безопасности и общественного порядка. Показатели преступности мигрантов в целом не влияют на меры региональной миграционной политики. Основная причина использования ограничений (запретов) на рынке труда в отношении мигрантов из стран СНГ — защита регионального рынка труда и предоставление рабочих мест для местного населения.
Education migration of youth in the context of historical development of Vietnam in 1945–2020
Authors: Hai L. D. , Pismennaya E. E. , Ryazantsev S. V.
Published: January 2021

Целью исследования являлось выявление трансформации установок вьетнамской молодежи на обучение за рубежом в контексте исторического развития Вьетнама и эволюции системы высшего образования во Вьетнаме за последние семьдесят пять лет. Изучены особенности изменения системы высшего образования Вьетнама, численности и социальной структуры студентов во вьетнамских университетах. Рассмотрены также особенности обучения вьетнамцев в различные периоды исторического развития страны за рубежом, в том числе в Советском Союзе и Российской Федерации. Отмечается снижение роли России как направления реализации эмиграционных установок на обучение за границей в пользу новых направлений — США, Австралии, Японии и Кореи. Масштабное вхождение во вьетнамскую экономику иностранных компаний и широкое распространение английского языка во Вьетнаме привело к переориентации потоков вьетнамской молодежи на обучение в странах Запада, Восточной и Юго-Восточной Азии, Австралию.
Influence of infrastructure development on socio-economic well-being of Siberia and the Far East of Russia
Authors: Zorin D. P.
Published: January 2021

Сибирь и Дальний Восток России вот уже более двух десятилетий переживают глубокий демографический и социально-экономический кризис. Естественная убыль и отток населения, безработица, суровые климатические условия, плохо налаженная транспортная сеть, высокие цены на оплату ЖКХ — лишь небольшая часть от всех существующих проблем. Необходимость в их решении стоит остро, так как в совокупности эти два федеральных округа занимают значительную часть территории страны и обеспечение социально-экономической стабильности и роста населения уже являются вопросами национальной безопасности России в целом. В данной статье проводится анализ существующих проблем в сфере развития инфраструктуры, устанавливаются зависимости между инфраструктурными и демографическими показателями в регионах Сибири и Дальнего Востока России.
The Position of the Artificial Intelligence Among the Elements of the Legal Relationship
Authors: Vasiliev Anton A. , Pechatnova Yulia V.
Published: January 2021

The development of artificial intelligence necessitates the legal regulation of social relations associated with the use of new technologies. Today, fragmented regulatory regulation is noted in Russian law, expressed, as the rule, in strategic documents in which artificial intelligence technologies are reflected as cross-cutting technologies that contribute to the development of the digital economy. The purpose of this work is to determine the place of artificial intelligence among the elements of legal relations, which is seen as necessary for building the model of legal regulation of artificial intelligence. The research methodology is based on the set of methods of scientific knowledge, including abstract logical, formal legal and the method of correlation analysis. The article analyzes approaches to determining the place of artificial intelligence in the structure of legal relations. The scientific discussion is that some authors attribute artificial intelligence to the variety of objects of legal regulation; other authors admit that it is possible to consider artificial intelligence as the specific subject of law. As the result of research, the authors come to the conclusion that today artificial intelligence should be classified as the type of objects of legal regulation. In conclusion, the work also evaluates the possibilities and measures of the participation of artificial intelligence in legal activities. The authors come to the conclusion that today the cognitive potential of artificial intelligence has not yet reached the level of development that allowed it to repeat the thought processes of the lawyer in resolving the legal dispute. At the same time, artificial intelligence has tremendous potential to become the irreplaceable technological “assistant” for the lawyer, contributing to the improvement of the quality and efficiency of legal services.
LEAN PRODUCTION AS A TECHNOLOGY FOR INCREASING
LABOR PRODUCTIVITY
Authors: Biryukova L. V. , Apkhanova E. Y.
Published: January 2021

The article describes the possibilities of using lean production technology to increase labor productivity – one of the main barriers to the development of the Russian economy and the growth of its competitiveness. The measures of state support for increasing labor productivity and the factors that constrain its growth are defined.
ADDITIONAL GUARANTEES OF DEFENSE OF RIGHTS AND LEGITIMATE
INTERESTS OF JUVENILE SUSPECTS, ACCUSED ON THE STAGE OF THE PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION
Authors: Kartashov I. I. , Kamyshnikova M. A.
Published: January 2021

The article analyzes the provisions of the criminal procedure law to implement supplementary guaran-tees to defend the rights and legitimate interests of juvenile suspects, accused on the stage of preliminary inves-tigation. Based on the analysis of law enforcement practice, the authors propose changes to certain provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation
PROBLEMS OF LINGUISTIC DIDACTICS IN THE ASPECT OF MULTICULTURAL EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Pak S. M.
Published: January 2021

The article considers topical academic issues in the aspect of a real multicultural educational environment, and also systematizes issues of linguistic didactics relevant for practicing teachers in the paradigm of multiculturalism. The concept of «multiculturalism» is considered from the positions of sociology, philosophy, ethnography and pedagogy. Such relevant factors of successful academic practice as records of students’ cultural specificity are highlighted. Certain attention is paid to the linguistic problems, including an adequate interpretation of foreign-language industry terminology and the choice of culturally determined discursive styles / communicative strategies
FORMATION OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC POLICY IN THE ORGANIZATION
Authors: Starkova E. Y.
Published: January 2021

The income policy is shown as an effective tool for stimulating the economic growth of the organization with the interests of the main social groups of employees and employers. It carries the content of incentives, providing employees with an additional old-age pension, and also plays a significant incentive role for employees. In modern conditions, an organization, that wants to be a market leader in terms of the quality of its products and services, must take a very serious approach to developing a social policy for its employees.
MAINTENANCE LAYERS FOR RAILWAY INFRASTRUCTURE IN POLAND
Authors: Smoczyński Piotr , Gill Adrian , Kadziński Adam
Published: January 2021

The railway network in Poland with over 19000 km is one of the biggest in the European Union (EU). At the same time safety indicators collected by the European Union Agency for Railways (ERA) show that it is one of the least safe in Europe. Consequently, all the actions taken in safety management of Polish Railways are particularly important for the society. In 2015, there was a change in the main infrastructure manager’s rulebook on track maintenance. A new process rule was introduced to replace a large set of long-established action rules. However, supervision reports of the Polish National Safety Authority indicate that the new rule is not used properly. Therefore, the current process of taking maintenance decisions on Polish Railways was described and a novel concept of maintenance layers and Maintenance Board meetings was proposed. The change would allow to choose the order of maintenance activities in a more objective way than it is done nowadays, without the necessity to make any major investments.
The Breakdown Scale of H I Bias Linearity
Authors: Wang Zhenyuan , Chen Yangyao , Mao Yi , Mo Houjun , Wang Huiyuan , Guo Hong , Li Cheng , Fu Jian , Jing Yipeng , Wang Jing , Yang Xiaohu , Zheng Zheng
Published: January 2021

The 21 cm intensity mapping experiments promise to obtain the large-scale distribution of H i gas at the post-reionization epoch. In order to reveal the underlying matter density fluctuations from the H i mapping, it is important to understand how H i gas traces the matter density distribution. Both nonlinear halo clustering and nonlinear effects modulating H i gas in halos may determine the scale below which the H i bias deviates from linearity. We employ three approaches to generate the mock H i density from a large-scale N-body simulation at low redshifts, and demonstrate that the assumption of H i linearity is valid at the scale corresponding to the first peak of baryon acoustic oscillations, but breaks down at k ≳ 0.1 h Mpc−1. The nonlinear effects of halo clustering and H i content modulation counteract each other at small scales, and their competition results in a model-dependent “sweet-spot” redshift near z = 1, where the H i bias is scale-independent down to small scales. We also find that the linear H i bias scales approximately linearly with redshift for z ≤ 3.
Placing High-redshift Quasars in Perspective: A Catalog of Spectroscopic Properties from the Gemini Near Infrared Spectrograph–Distant Quasar Survey
Authors: Matthews Brandon M. , Shemmer Ohad , Dix Cooper , Brotherton Michael S. , Myers Adam D. , Andruchow I. , Brandt W. N. , Ferrero Gabriel A. , Gallagher S. C. , Green Richard , Lira Paulina , Plotkin Richard M. , Richards Gordon T. , Runnoe Jessie C. , Schneider Donald P. , Shen Yue , Strauss Michael A. , Wills Beverley J.
Published: January 2021

We present spectroscopic measurements for 226 sources from the Gemini Near Infrared Spectrograph–Distant Quasar Survey (GNIRS-DQS). Being the largest uniform, homogeneous survey of its kind, it represents a flux-limited sample (m

i
 ≲ 19.0 mag, H ≲ 16.5 mag) of Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) quasars at 1.5 ≲ z ≲ 3.5 with a monochromatic luminosity (

) at 5100 Å in the range of 1044–1046 erg s−1. A combination of the GNIRS and SDSS spectra covers principal quasar diagnostic features, chiefly the C iv λ1549, Mg ii λλ2798, 2803, Hβ λ4861, and [O iii]  λλ4959, 5007 emission lines, in each source. The spectral inventory will be utilized primarily to develop prescriptions for obtaining more accurate and precise redshifts, black hole masses, and accretion rates for all quasars. Additionally, the measurements will facilitate an understanding of the dependence of rest-frame ultraviolet–optical spectral properties of quasars on redshift, luminosity, and Eddington ratio, and test whether the physical properties of the quasar central engine evolve over cosmic time.
An Expanded HIV Care Cascade: ART Uptake, Viral Load Suppression and Comorbidity Monitoring among Adults Living with HIV in Asia
Authors: Bijker Rimke , Kumarasamy Nagalingeswaran , Kiertiburanakul Sasisopin , Pujari Sanjay , Ng Oon Tek , Sun Ly Pehn , Merati Tuti Parwati , Van Nguyen Kinh , Lee Man Po , Cuong Do Duy , Chan Yu Jiun , Choi Jun Yong , Ross Jeremy , Law Matthew ,   the IeDEA Asia-Pacific
Published: January 2021

Background

Comprehensive treatment and clinical management are central to improving outcomes for people living with HIV (PLHIV). We explored trends in HIV clinical care, treatment outcomes, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) and diabetes monitoring.

Methods

We included patients ≥18 years in care at ten clinical sites in eight Asian countries. Proportions of patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART), with annual viral load, and with viral load suppression (VLS; <1,000 copies/ml) were estimated by year for 2011– 2016, stratified by country income level (lower-middle income [LMIC] and high-income countries [HIC]). Among those on ART in 2016 we evaluated factors associated with annual CKD and diabetes monitoring.

Results

Among 31,346 patients (67% male), the proportions of patients on ART (median ART initiation year 2011, IQR 2007–2013), with annual viral load and VLS had substantially increased by 2016 (to 94%, 42% and 92%, respectively, in LMIC and 95%, 97% and 93%, respectively, in HIC) with the larger increases over time seen in LMIC. Among those on ART in 2016, monitoring proportions in LMIC were 53% for CKD and 26% for diabetes compared with 83% and 59%, respectively, in HIC. Overall, a decreased odds of monitoring was observed for male gender, heterosexual HIV exposure, no viral load and LMIC. Diabetes monitoring was also decreased in those with viral failure.

Conclusions

Our findings highlight suboptimal monitoring of viral load, CKD and diabetes in PLHIV in Asia. There is a need for affordable and scalable monitoring options to improve the joint care for HIV and non-communicable diseases.
Checklist of the spiders (Araneae) of Kenya
Authors: Kioko Grace M. , Marusik Yuri M. , Li Shuqiang , Kioko Esther N. , Ji Liqiang
Published: January 2021

A checklist of 805 spider species and subspecies belonging to 57 families described and/or reported from Kenya up to 31 December 2018 is provided. Species distribution within Kenya is given according to counties and specific localities. A historical survey is provided and each record is presented in its original combination. The list is dominated by members of the families Salticidae and Linyphiidae (160 and 110 species, respectively). Eighteen families are represented by a single species. About 300 species are known exclusively from Kenya and 158 species are sub-endemics. Two hundred and forty two species are described from a single sex (159 females and 83 males) and 24 from juveniles. Nairobi County has the greatest number of records, five counties had a frequency of one, while nine counties had no collection records. There are two fossil spiders known from Kenya belonging to the family Oonopidae. One new combination is proposed:Hypsosinga holzapfelae(Lessert, 1936),comb. nov.(ex.AraneusClerck, 1757).
La « grande gueule » et « l’assistante sociale » : dispositions et capital militants de déléguées syndicales en milieu populaire
Authors: Berthonneau Charles
Published: January 2021

Cet article se propose de revenir sur l’expérience d’employées subalternes devenues déléguées syndicales dans les secteurs de la grande distribution et des Établissements d’hébergement pour personnes âgées dépendantes (EHPAD), rencontrées au cours d’une enquête ethnographique au sein de deux Unions locales de la CGT. Le but est d’éclairer les ressources que peuvent mobiliser de manière autonome ces femmes appartenant aux fractions basses et précaires des classes populaires pour tenir leurs responsabilités syndicales, alors même qu’elles sont a priori démunies de capital militant. Nous rendons compte de leurs compétences profanes, qui reposent sur l’actualisation de dispositions agonistiques et de dispositions au care . Cet article entend ainsi contribuer à enrichir la notion de capital militant, en ne restant pas cantonné à une étude des seules ressources légitimes, qui tomberait dans le piège d’une vision misérabiliste des classes populaires.
Discours des mères lesbiennes sur les liens grands-parentaux : le modèle bioconjugal en question
Authors: Gratton Emmanuel , Gross Martine , Schneider Benoît
Published: January 2021

Peu de travaux explorent les liens grands-parents/petits-enfants en contexte homoparental. Ces travaux montrent une attitude différenciée des grands-parents selon l’acceptation ou non de l’homosexualité de leur enfant devenu parent et un engagement spécifique selon la lignée et/ou le statut légal de parent. La recherche sur laquelle s’appuie cet article porte sur une vingtaine de couples lesboparentaux français (questionnaires et entretiens) avec des enfants nés en 2011 ou 2012, mariés ou non depuis, qui se différencient selon le type de maternité mis en œuvre et le statut du donneur. Les résultats mettent en évidence que plus le couple lesbien se rapproche du modèle bioconjugal, ou plus exactement du modèle conjugo-parental, plus les relations entre petits-enfants et grands-parents sont facilitées des deux côtés des branches maternelles et ceci selon les enjeux intergénérationnels et relationnels de la transmission.
Le grand-parent maltraitant : questions théorico-cliniques et pratique de réseau
Authors: de Becker Emmanuel
Published: January 2021

La prévalence des situations de maltraitance sur enfants demeure importante, celles-ci intervenant habituellement dans le cadre familier de la jeune victime. Si de nombreux aspects théoriques et cliniques des formes de maltraitance sont aujourd’hui étudiés, peu de travaux se centrent sur les questions spécifiques des transgressions commises par les grands-parents. À partir d’une vignette clinique, l’auteur montre l’utilité d’une prise en charge s’appuyant sur les temps successifs que constituent l’évaluation et le traitement. Tenir un cadre et évaluer, c’est-à-dire faire émerger d’un côté les ressources, de l’autre les défaillances, représente par essence un temps constructif. Quatre catégories principales de fonctionnement psychique des grands-parents maltraitants sont retrouvées. Comme la plupart de ceux-ci relèvent de soins individuels et familiaux, on gagne en efficacité par une diffraction des tâches via un travail en réseau.
Comment dessiner sa famille quand on en est séparé ? L’analyse de dessins d’enfants d’âge de latence placés dans le cadre de la Protection de l’enfance
Authors: Douieb Gabrielle , Feldman Marion
Published: January 2021

Cet article s’inscrit dans le cadre d’une recherche doctorale portant sur les représentations de la séparation chez des enfants placés en Protection de l’enfance. Il s’intéresse ici spécifiquement au dessin de la famille de deux enfants d’âge de latence placés en foyer. L’article analyse chaque dessin en profondeur puis tente de dégager les éléments saillants communs aux enfants rencontrés, tout en les mettant en lien avec les mouvements transféro-contretransférentiels à l’œuvre dans ces rencontres-séparations. Ces dessins montrent de grandes difficultés de représentation, les personnes dessinées sont peu différenciées. Cette indistinction pourrait être mise en lien avec le concept de mentalisation qui aurait été mis à mal par les traumatismes vécus par ces enfants. Mais ce trouble de la mentalisation semble aussi fonctionner comme un mécanisme de défense contre les reviviscences traumatiques et des mouvements pulsionnels agressifs.
Inégalités sociales et judiciaires aux prud’hommes : le cas des référés
Authors: Salin Frédéric
Published: January 2021

Cet article propose d’étudier les inégalités sociales et judiciaires aux prud’hommes en s’intéressant aux requérant·e·s en référé d’un conseil d’Île-de-France, en combinant ethnographie et statistiques. Les classes populaires se distinguent ainsi des classes moyennes et supérieures tant par l’usage différent de la procédure que par l’inégalité des ressources mises en œuvre. La combinaison de la classe avec le genre et la nationalité révèle le relatif succès des étranger·e·s en référé. L’organisation judiciaire des prud’hommes produit également un accès différentiel aux ressources institutionnelles, que ce soit au niveau du formulaire, du guichet de l’accueil, ou de l’audience. Les interactions et décisions varient selon les propriétés sociales des requérant·e·s et des agent·e·s de l’institution, notamment le collège des conseiller·e·s. La récente réforme de l’accès aux prud’hommes a fait, quant à elle, baisser le volume du contentieux en référé de 40 %.
La loi sur le devoir de vigilance des sociétés multinationales : parcours d’une loi improbable
Authors: Delalieux Guillaume
Published: January 2021

Cet article propose une analyse des obstacles rencontrés par les défenseurs de la proposition de loi sur le devoir de vigilance (ONG et syndicats) en étudiant les efforts de plaidoyer et de lobbying déployés par ces derniers afin de réussir à faire déposer, examiner puis adopter cette loi dont le Gouvernement ne voulait pas initialement. À l’aune de ce cas, le concept d’entrepreneur institutionnel est discuté puis relativisé par l’utilisation de la notion de fortuna , développée par Machiavel, afin de décrire le passage « improbable » de cette loi. Les résultats tendent ainsi à relativiser l’importance que des acteurs singuliers, y compris collectifs, peuvent avoir dans l’explication du changement institutionnel, au profit d’une analyse multi-niveaux du changement (micro, méso, macro).
Le mal d’amour : de la vulnérabilité narcissique à l’addiction
Authors: Moreau Mathieu , Caron Rosa
Published: January 2021

Envisager les phénomènes addictifs à travers la question du narcissisme peut s’avérer être une démarche pertinente. Ce concept est précieux pour comprendre le fonctionnement psychique des sujets addictés et ses avatars puisqu’il permet d’approcher le rapport au monde du sujet et ses relations d’objets. Souvent, le manque d’amour s’exprime à travers le discours de ces patients. Sans tarir l’énigme que cette plainte renferme, nous proposons d’entendre l’addiction à l’alcool comme une réponse à cette vulnérabilité narcissique. Grâce à la psychothérapie d’inspiration psychanalytique, cette vulnérabilité pourrait se faire entendre et se transformer notamment grâce à la rythmicité des séances institutionnellement réglée. Nous nous appuyons sur l’exemple clinique de Daniel, sujet alcoolodépendant. Un squelette temporel organiserait ses consommations, il lierait le syndrome de sevrage à la réalcoolisation et cette articulation, entendue comme procédé autocalmant, serait traumatolytique. C’est à travers cette hypothèse de sens que nous entendons la plainte de ce patient, adressée à la mère.
Échelle d’évaluation de l’insight dans l’alcoolisme : validation de la version française du questionnaire Hanil Alcohol Insight Scale (HAIS)
Authors: Dandaba Meira , Ebrahimighavam Soghra , Langbour Nicolas , Chatard Armand , Jaafari Nemat
Published: January 2021

En psychiatrie clinique, le concept d’insight désigne la perception et la conscience qu’a un patient de son trouble. Son déficit dans le contexte de l’addiction à l’alcool se traduit par une incapacité à reconnaître l’addiction, le déni de cet état et une incapacité à considérer le besoin de se soigner. Une meilleure prise de conscience de la gravité de sa consommation d’alcool est un bon facteur pronostique de maintien de l’abstinence après le traitement ; en revanche, un déficit d’insight serait un facteur de risque de rechute. L’unique outil d’évaluation de l’insight dans les troubles d’usage d’alcool – l’Hanil Alcohol Insight Scale (HAIS) – a été développé en coréen et publié en anglais il y a plus d’une vingtaine d’années. L’objectif de la présente étude était de valider sa version française. Elle a concerné 65 patients francophones suivis pour des troubles d’usage d’alcool dans un centre hospitalier universitaire français. Le questionnaire traduit présentait une cohérence interne satisfaisante (coefficient α de Cronbach = 0,74 et ω de McDonald = 0,78) ainsi qu’une bonne validité convergente. Les analyses factorielles ont permis de regrouper les items en trois sous-dimensions : (1) la minimisation des problèmes d’alcool, (2) la reconnaissance d’une perte de contrôle et (3) la conscience d’un problème avec l’alcool et de la nécessité de traitement. La présente traduction française de l’HAIS possède les propriétés psychométriques adéquates pour aider à améliorer l’identification des patients à risque et leur prise en charge.
Burying the Hatchet
Authors: Harris Colin , Kaiser Adam
Published: January 2021

Pourquoi les gens enterrent-ils des objets avec leurs morts ? Dans le présent article, nous proposons une théorie des objets funéraires comme mécanisme à même d’atténuer les conflits internes. Lorsque les lois sur l’héritage sont ambiguës et que des mécanismes de règlement des différends peu coûteux n’existent pas, la destruction délibérée de la richesse peut empêcher un conflit sur la redistribution des actifs après un décès. Plutôt que de se livrer à de coûteuses luttes intestines sur l’héritage, les parties peuvent convenir de la destruction mutuelle à travers une pratique culturelle partagée des biens funéraires. Nous testons notre théorie sur la base de preuves en lien avec la saga de l’ère Viking.