bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PREVENÇÃO AO USO ABUSIVO DE DROGAS: UMA ANÁLISE FOCALIZADA NO PAPEL DA ESCOLA E DE SEUS ATORES
Authors: Araujo Josef  Talson Teixeira de , Ribeiro Gabriel
Published: October 2021

Este estudo teve como finalidade construir um panorama geral sobre a prevenção ao uso indevido de drogas realizada no ambiente escolar. Para o alcance do objetivo realizamos uma revisão integrativa da literatura científica, a partir da base de dados online SciELO Brasil, compreendendo o intervalo temporal de 2011 a 2021. Para a seleção dos artigos utilizamos três cruzamentos de palavras-chave: (i) drogas, prevenção e ensino; (ii) drogas, prevenção e educação; (iii) drogas, prevenção e escola. Após a etapa de triagem dos artigos, por meio da mobilização de critérios de exclusão, selecionamos 18 trabalhos. Nossas análises concentraram-se em três vertentes, o papel da escola na prevenção ao uso de drogas, programas e intervenções pedagógicas focalizados na prevenção ao uso indevido de drogas e olhar dos atores envolvidos acerca dessas ações preventivas. Verificamos que a escola, hoje considerada como local de formação intelectual e de identidade social, é um espaço propício para o desenvolvimento de ações preventivas, com resultados satisfatórios, apesar dos desafios colocados.
Ciência de dados em saúde: contribuições e tendências para aplicações
Authors: Valerio Netto Antonio
Published: October 2021

Objetivo: Explicar os conceitos envolvidos com a temática de ciência de dados em saúde apresentando os seus campos de atuação e possíveis aplicações focada na saúde do usuário. Métodos: Demonstrar as diferenças funcionais e técnicas em comparação com as outras áreas do conhecimento que tem como base a coleta, organização, análise e visualização de dados médicos, de gestão hospitalar e de saúde populacional. Resultados: Construir um arcabouço do conhecimento para aprimorar as definições envolvidas com a temática e apresentar por meio das aplicações a sua real contribuição para área de saúde. Conclusão: Considera-se que o trabalho de entendimento dos dados promete transformar a nossa atual compreensão da saúde e visa fornecer novos insights sobre o desenvolvimento de terapias digitais, além de permitir inovar na prestação de serviços relacionados ao cuidado dos pacientes.
Nível de conhecimento de agricultores familiares em relação ao uso de agrotóxicos em um município do interior da Bahia
Authors: Amaral Oliveira Raíssa , Camelo de Souza Cassiara , Amparo dos Anjos Dioneire , Nicolaevna Kochergin Clavdia , Elena Zanuto Márcia
Published: October 2021

A expansão na utilização de agrotóxicos ocorre devido à inserção de novas tecnologias que visam promover o aumento nas taxas de produtividade no meio rural combatendo pragas que comprometem a produção agrícola, sendo a exposição ocupacional cada vez mais exacerbada, podendo provocar intoxicações agudas aos agricultores. Objetivou-se avaliar o nível de conhecimento dos agricultores familiares em relação ao uso de agrotóxico a partir de um estudo transversal com aplicação de formulário semiestruturado, apresentando 31 entrevistas realizadas no Sindicato dos Trabalhadores Rurais (STR) do município de Vitória da Conquista - BA, em 2017, com agricultores familiares, constatando que os grupos populacionais mais vulneráveis à exposição ocupacional por agrotóxicos são as mulheres e idosos e que a baixa escolaridade influencia na compreensão das informações contidas nos rótulos das embalagens dos produtos; a maioria considera que a substância química é perigosa para a saúde humana, no entanto, os que utilizam agrotóxicos informaram o não uso dos Equipamentos de Proteção Individual (EPIS's). Este trabalho apresentou resultados relevantes, destacando vários problemas ainda persistentes no campo em relação ao nível de conhecimento de agricultores familiares em relação ao uso de agrotóxicos, sendo esta pesquisa, base para planejamento de estudos futuros mais amplos nessa temática.
Monitoramento de fatores climáticos e sociais como potenciais agravos à morbidade de dengue na cidade de Barra do Corda, Maranhão, Brasil
Authors: Loiola Nilson , Nascimento Alane , Carvalho Pauliérica , Araújo Neto Crispim , Nascimento Joyce , Ribeiro Cauana
Published: October 2021

Nas últimas décadas as epidemias de dengue têm se perpetuado como um grave problema de saúde pública, em especial nos países de climas tropicais, como o Brasil onde o clima associado a fatores sociodemográficos se configuram como importantes fatores na distribuição temporal e espacial de transmissão da dengue. Este trabalho de pesquisa epidemiológica, de caráter documental, descritivo e quali-quantitativo objetivou analisar a dengue dentre os problemas de saúde pública da cidade de Barra do Corda, Maranhão, Brasil, no período de 2019 a 2020, tendo como apoio teórico periódicos, livros e documentos governamentais específicos sobre o tema, e buscando correlacionar condições socioambientais e climáticas locais como fatores agravantes da incidência da dengue na região estudada. Foram analisados 718 casos registrados no período pelo Sistema de Informação de Arquivos de Notificação (SINAN). Verificou-se que os dados apresentaram inconsistências quando comparados entre 2019 e 2020, não sendo possível definir um perfil endêmico, mas observando-se ocorrências equivalentes entre o sexo masculino e feminino, prevalência em bairros mais populosos e urbanizados (Trezidela e Altamira I) e que os mais acometidos foram indivíduos na faixa etária de 20 a 34 anos. O trabalhou demonstrou possível influência da pandemia do COVID-19 sobre as ações de prevenção à endemia da dengue bem como influenciando nos trabalhos de notificação e tomada de decisões por parte dos órgão públicos responsáveis.
Cessation of grazing causes biodiversity loss and homogenization of soil food webs
Authors: Schrama Maarten , Quist Casper , Groot Arjen De , Cieraad Ellen , ashworth deborah , Laros Ivo , HANSEN LARS HESTBJERG , Leff Jonathan , Fierer Noah , Bardgett Richard
Published: October 2021

There is widespread concern that cessation of grazing in historically
grazed ecosystems is causing biotic homogenization and biodiversity
loss. Here, we used 12 montane grassland sites along an 800-km
north-south gradient across the United Kingdom, to test whether
cessation of grazing affects local ɑ- and β-diversity of belowground
food webs. We show that cessation of grazing leads to strongly decreased
ɑ-diversity of both soil microbial and faunal diversity. In contrast,
the β-diversity varied between groups of soil organisms. While soil
microbial communities exhibited increased homogenization after cessation
of grazing, we observed decreased homogenization for soil fauna after
cessation of grazing. Overall, our results indicate that grazer
exclusion from historically grazed montane grasslands has far-ranging
consequences for the diversity and composition of belowground food webs,
and underscore the importance of grazers for maintaining the diversity
of belowground communities, which play a central role in ecosystem
functioning.
Runs of homozygosity derived from pool-seq data reveal fine-scale population structures in Western honey bees (Apis mellifera)
Authors: Gmel Annik , Guichard Matthieu , Dainat Benjamin , Williams Geoffrey , Eynard Sonia , Vignal Alain , servin bertrans , Consortium Beestrong , Neuditschko Markus
Published: October 2021

Runs of homozygosity (ROH) are continuous homozygous segments that arise
through the transmission of haplotypes that are identical by descent
(IBD). The length and distribution of ROH segments provide insight into
the genetic diversity of populations and are useful to detect selection
signatures. Here, we analysed pooled whole-genome sequencing data from
265 Western honey bee colonies from the two subspecies Apis mellifera
mellifera and Apis mellifera carnica. Integrating individual ROH
patterns and admixture levels in a high-resolution population network
visualization allowed us to ascertain major differences between the two
subspecies. Within A. m. mellifera, we identified well-defined
substructures according to the genetic origin of the colonies and a fair
amount of admixed colonies, despite the current applied conservation
efforts. In contrast, A. m. carnica colonies were more inbred and could
not be differentiated according to the geographical origin. We
identified 29 coding genes in overlapping ROH segments within the two
subspecies. Genes embedded in A. m. carnica specific homozygosity
islands suggested a strong selection for production and behavioural
traits, whilst the identified cuticula protein-coding genes (CPR3 and
CPR4) were associated with their breed-specific stripe pattern. Local
adaption of the two subspecies could be confirmed by the identification
of two genes involved in the response to ultraviolet (UV) light. We
demonstrated that colony genotypes derived from pooled honey bee workers
are reliable to unravel the population dynamics in A. mellifera and
provide fundamental information to conserve native honey bees.
Application of biosynthesized metal nanoparticles in electrochemical sensors
Authors: Dodevska Totka , Hadzhiev Dobrin , Shterev Ivan , Lazarova Yanna
Published: October 2021

Recently, the development of eco-friendly, cost-effective and reliable methods for synthesis of metal nanoparticles has drawn a considerable attention. The so-called green synthesis, using mild reaction conditions and natural resources as plant extracts and microorganisms, has established as a convenient, sustainable, cheap and environmentally safe approach for synthesis of a wide range of nanomaterials. Over the past decade, biosynthesis is regarded as an important tool for reducing the harmful effects of traditional nanoparticle synthesis methods commonly used in laboratories and industry. This review emphasizes the significance of biosynthesized metal nanoparticles in the field of electrochemical sensing. There is increasing evidence that green synthesis of nanoparticles provides a new direction in designing of cost-effective, highly sensitive and selective electrode-catalysts applicable in food, clinical and environmental analysis. The article is based on 157 references and provided a detailed overview on the main approaches for green synthesis of metal nanoparticles and their applications in designing of electrochemical sensor devices. Important operational characteristics including sensitivity, dynamic range, limit of detection, as well as data on stability and reproducibility of sensors have also been covered.
Electrical injury - induced atrial fibrillation
Authors: Stojanovic Milovan , Ilic Bojan , Deljanin-Ilic Marina , Ilic Stevan
Published: October 2021

Introduction. An electrical injury can cause various cardiac arrhythmias, such as asystole, ventricular fibrillation, sinus tachycardia, and heart blocks. However, it rarely causes atrial fibrillation (AF). Case report. The 47-year-old patient was admitted to the Emergency Department after receiving an electric shock (< 600 V). He subsequently lost consciousness, fell, and sustained back and head injuries. During the examination, the heart rate was irregular but with no heart murmurs. There was an entry wound on the front of the left thigh and an exit wound on the front of the neck. An electrocardiogram showed newly appearing AF. The laboratory tests showed no pathological deviation, and focus cardiac ultrasound showed that contractile force was preserved with no wall-motion abnormalities and normal left atrium dimensions. The patient was administered low-molecular-weight heparin subcutaneously and propafenone (600 mg) orally. At follow-up after 24 hrs, the electrocardio-gram showed normal sinus rhythm. Conclusion. We reported a rare case of an electricity shock-induced AF, which was converted to sinus rhythm with the help of drug therapy. Although most cases of electricity shock-induced AF represent benign conditions that are self-limited, cardiac monitoring as a routine measure should be considered.
Prevalence and Risk Factor of Diaper Dermatitis among Saudi Children
Authors: Mohamed Nader , Ali Alshehri Haneen , Bahader Majed Zaki , Alghoraibi Murouj Abdulrahman , Alkenany Reem Abdullah , Alsulaimani Yara Talal , Al Juaid Samah Saud
Published: October 2021

Background: Diaper dermatitis (DD), commonly known as diaper rash is an inflammatory disease of the skin of diaper wearing area. It is usually seen in children belowss 24 months and is not considered by doctors as a serious problem. However, it often causes discomfort and apprehension among parents. Methods: A cross-sectional study performed through patient questionnaires. A total of 1344 patients were included in the study. A pilot was done to test the validity and reliability of developed questionnaire and also to calculate the minimum sample size for our study. By considering the values derived from the pilot study done among 50 parents of children aged 1-24 months who used diapers. A standardized methodology was followed in the validation of this questionnaire that included focus group discussion, expert evaluation, pilot study, reliability and validity assessment etc. Three experts in the field of medicine (dermatologist, pediatrician, and internist) and one biostatistician were involved in the validation of our questionnaire. Result: In our study majority of the participants were females (87.3%), and 55.3% belonged to the 20-25 years age group. The fixed orthodontic related history showed 59.8% had undergone the treatment for 1 to 3 years and 31.6% of the participants reported that they had removed the fixed braces for more than five years. Among these participants, 89.5% (n=34) reported that the fascia (space) closed between the upper frontal teeth after Frenectomy, and 65.8% (n=25) agreed that spaced between the two upper front teeth still closed after removing the retainer. Conclusion: The reported prevalence of diaper dermatitis in our study was found to more in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. There is huge anxiety created among parents, and this would result in increased pediatric consultations.
Analysis of causes of early neonatal mortality during covid-19 pandemic in 2020 in Russia
Authors: Tumanova UN , Schegolev AI , Chausov AA , Shuvalova MP
Published: October 2021

In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared a COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to compare the causes of and statistics on neonatal mortality in Russia in the years 2020 and 2019 using the Rosstat A-5 forms that aggregate data from perinatal death certificates. In 2020, there was a 7.6% reduction in the absolute number of live births relative to 2019. In 2020, the early neonatal death rate (1.59‰) fell by 4.4% relative to 2019 (1.67‰). But neonatal death rates in the Southern and Far Eastern Federal Districts rose by 20.5% and 6.1%, respectively. Respiratory diseases were the most common cause of early neonatal mortality across Russia (37.3% and 40.2% relative to the total number of neonatal deaths in 2019 and 2020, respectively). Congenital sepsis accounted for 43.6% and 46.6% of neonatal deaths from infectious diseases and for 7.3% and 7.9% of all neonatal deaths reported in 2019 and 2020, respectively. There was an increase in the proportion of respiratory diseases among neonates, including congenital pneumonia and other respiratory conditions, and infections, including congenital sepsis, which reflects the direct and indirect effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women and neonates.
Deontological teachers and parents’ preparation for the joint design of an individual education route for high school students
Authors: Grebennikova Veronika M. , Ignatovich Vladlen K. , Golub Marina S. , Kuraeva Julieta A. , Zhazheva Saida A. , Domashchenko Valery S.
Published: October 2021

Deontological teacher`s and parents preparation for the joint design of the individual educational route of students is one of the main conditions for the successful solution of the problems of modern education, focused on its humanization and individualization. The aim of the study is to develop and test a deontological model of teacher`s and parents training for the joint design of an individual educational route for students. A pedagogical experiment was carried out, consisting of the introduction of the developed deontological model into the practice of the activities of a general education school. The experimental and control groups were formed, which consisted of 249 parents and 62 teachers. The pedagogical experiment lasted for one academic year. The following were revealed: positive changes in the position of parents and teachers of the experimental group in interaction with each other, an increase in the number of respondents characterized by a reliable level of deontological readiness for joint pedagogical design (an increase of 56,6%), the actualization of the professional self-determination of high school students.
Potencial terapéutico de los alucinógenos en las cefaleas: una revisión teórica
Authors: Collantes Laura , Navarro J. Francisco
Published: October 2021

Los alucinógenos incluyen a un grupo heterogéneo de sustancias que provocan cambios en la percepción sensorial, el pensamiento y la consciencia. El potencial terapéutico de diversas drogas alucinógenas está recibiendo un interés creciente en los últimos años. En este trabajo presentamos una revisión bibliográfica centrada en el posible uso de los alucinógenos (LSD, psilocibina y ketamina) en el tratamiento y prevención de las cefaleas. Para ello, se ha realizado unabúsqueda (sin límite temporal) en las bases de datos de Web of Sciences, Scopus y Pubmed, además de una búsqueda manual en las referencias de los artículos. Los resultados constatan la eficacia del LSD, especialmente a nivel profiláctico, mientras que la ketamina podría ser de utilidad para abortar los ataques agudos y la psilocibina ha demostrado ser efectiva en ambos aspectos. Los estudios existentes se han llevado a cabo principalmente en pacientes con migraña y con cefalea en racimos, entre otros tipos de cefaleas. Asimismo, se señalan diversas limitaciones metodológicas que pueden dificultar la generalización de los resultados, y se sugiere la necesidad de realizar futuras investigaciones en este campo emergente.
Life Endangerment – A Paramount Condition in Forensic and Judicial Practice
Authors: Radu Carmen Corina , Hogea Timur , Doroftei Dana , Carașca Cosmin
Published: October 2021

Life-threatening injuries represent those types of lesions that certainly lead to the victim’s death if no qualified medical care is applied in due time. We hold important the aspect of imminent danger, and that the lesion, in its natural way of evolution, will determine the person’s death, his life being saved only by a qualified medical intervention. The juridical correspondent is represented in article 194: bodily harm - The new criminal code and the new criminal procedure code. The authors review and comment on the main particular aspects of life-threatening traumas, based on topography, anatomical aspects and forensic interpretation, in order to offer arguments to be incorporated from a medico-legal point of view, reported to the criteria of life-threatening conditions. We shall illustrate the subject by 6 case reports.
Genotoxicity of chromium (III) and cobalt (II) and interactions between them
Authors: Czarnek Katarzyna , Siwicki Andrzej K.
Published: October 2021

Introduction. Chromium and cobalt are essential trace elements that are required only in a small amount, otherwise their excess can cause toxic effects.

Aim. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of chromium (III) and cobalt (II) and their combinations on genotoxicity in human fibroblasts cells (BJ).

Material and methods. In this work, comet and micronucleus assays were used. The BJ cells were exposed to chromium chloride and cobalt chloride at concentration ranges from 100 to 1400 µM. Mixtures of these elements were prepared so as to examine interactions between them.

Results. The present study shows the genotoxic effects of chromium (III) and cobalt (II) and their mixtures on BJ cells. In the comet assay, no comets were observed at the lowest concentrations; in the higher, a significant increase in their percentage was observed. In the other assay (formation of micronuclei), a statistically significant increase in the number of cells with micronuclei was observed in the BJ cells spiked with cobalt chloride and chromium chloride. In the case of simultaneous incubation of chromium chloride at 200 µM and cobalt chloride at 1000 µM in the BJ line, antagonism was observed. However, the interaction of chromium chloride at the 1000 µM and cobalt chloride at 200 µM leads to synergism between the studied elements.

Conclusions. Cobalt (II) and chromium (III) show genotoxic properties, they induce breaks in double and single-stranded DNA and they cause formation of AP-sites that do not have purine or pyrimidine bases.
Alone in the Country of the Catholics: Labrador Inuit in Prague (1880)
Authors: Křížová Markéta
Published: October 2021

The ethnographic shows of the end of the 19thcentury responded to an increased hunger for the exotic, especially among the bourgeois classes in Europe and North America, and to the establishment of both physical and cultural anthropology as scientific disciplines with a need for study material. At the same time they served as a manifestation of European superiority in the time of the last phase of colonialist thrust to other continents. “Scientific colonialism” reached also to regions without actual colonial or imperial ambitions, as the story of Labrador Inuit who visited Prague during their tour of Europe in November 1880 will prove. The reactions of local intellectuals and the general public to the performances of the “savages” will be examined in the context of the Czech and German nationalist competition and the atmosphere of colonial complicity. Thanks to the testimony of a member of the group, Abraham Ulrikab, supplemented by newspaper articles and other sources, it is possible to explore the miscommunication arising from the fact that the Inuit were members of the Moravian Church, professing allegiance to old Protestant tradition in the Czech Lands and cultivating a fragmented knowledge of Czech history and culture.
Examination of the Role of Corporate Branding in Achieving Business Excellence Requirements in Agencies of Algerian Companies
Authors: Derroum Ahmed , Haouati Ouarda
Published: October 2021

This study seeks to define the role of corporate brands in achieving business excellence by conducting a field study on the agencies of Algerian mobile operators “Mobilis” and “Djezzy” in the state of Djelfa where the questionnaire has been used for the collection of opinions sample (45 employees) and then processed with the statistical program (SPSS). The results have shown that there is high awareness of corporate brands and business excellence. We have also found that the two dimensions of corporate brand (strategic vision, stakeholder image) affect the business excellence, whereas the organizational culture does not affect it. The results have also demonstrated that corporate brands as a group explain 47 % of the variation in business excellence, while the difference test have demonstrated that the awareness of the sample about “corporate brands” is not different according to the company but the awareness of the business excellence is in favor of the company “Mobilis” at the expense of the mobile operator “Djezzy”.
Syntaxonomy and ecological differentiation of the pioneer vegetation of Ukraine Classes: Isoëto-Nanojuncetea, Bidentetea
Authors: Dubyna Dmytro V. , Dziuba Tetiana P. , Iemelianova Svitlana M. , Felbaba-Klushyna Lyubov M.
Published: October 2021

The studies of the pioneer vegetation of freshwater shorelines of water bodies are of particular interest owing to the specific ecology of these habitats and the short cycle for their development in which periods of flooding and subsequent drainage alternate. Using the methods of phytosociological classification and cluster analysis based on the interpretation of 414 phytosociological relevés, the syntaxonomic structure of the pioneer vegetation of freshwater shorelines of the water bodies of Ukraine has been established that are represented by the phytosociological classes Isoëto-Nanojuncetea and Bidentetea. The class Isoëto-Nanojuncetea includes 8 associations that belong to 2 alliances and 1 order and the class Bidentetea includes 10 associations belonging to 2 alliances and 1 order. Phytocoenoses of both classes are more typical for the Polissia region and the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine, where there are favourable habitats with a flat relief, low degree of dissection and a high level of soil humidity. Using a DCA ordination analysis of associations their position in ecological space was determined. It was established that the main factors of ecological differentiation for Isoëto-Nanojuncetea habitats are soil humidity, soil aeration, nitrogen content, as well as temperature regime. Differentiation in the hyperspace of abiotic factors of the class Bidentetea occurs mainly along the gradients of soil humidity, salt regime and acidity. The ecological distribution of syntaxa of this class is also significantly influenced by the concentration of mineral nitrogen compounds in the soil.
Cultivable Oral Microbiota in Puppies
Authors: Kačírová J. , Horňáková Ľ. , Maďari A. , Mravcová K. , Maďar M.
Published: October 2021

The oral microbiota has been shown to be different in children born by caesarean section and delivered vaginally. The aim of this study was to investigate the oral microbial diversity in healthy puppies and to determine whether the birth mode affects the composition of the oral microbiota. A total of 19 puppies from 4 dams were included in the study. The puppies were divided into two groups depending on the birth mode, vaginal delivery (vaginal born VB) or caesarean delivery (caesar-ean section CS). On the seventh day after birth, swabs of the oral cavity were taken. All samples were analysed by bacteriological cultivation under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Bacterial colonies were identified by Sanger sequencing of 16S rRNA. A total of 64 bacterial strains belonging to 10 genera were obtained from the oral swabs. The genera Staphylococcus (30.23 % VB and 47.62 % CS) and Enterococcus (25.58 % VB and 33.33 % CS) were the most abundant in both groups. The genera Escherichia (18.60 %) and Enterobacter (16.28 %) were largely present in puppies delivered vaginally, they were not found in puppies born by caesarean section. The other detected genera were present at lower proportions (< 5 %) and varied between the groups. The oral micro-biota of the puppies in the litter was similar, but differed between litters and between groups. Based on these results, we can assume that the birth mode affects the oral microbiota of puppies.
Characterization of bilayer (FeB/Fe2B) on AISI H13 work tool steel
Authors: Boumaali B. , Nait Abdellah Z. , Keddam M.
Published: October 2021

In this work, the borided layers were produced on AISI H13 steel via solid boriding with a powders mixture containing 90 wt.% B4C and 10 wt.% NaBF4 for treatment times of 2-6 h at 900, 950 and 1000 °C. The microscopic observations revealed a less pronounced toothed interface between the borided layer and the transition zone. The XRD studies indicated the presence of a dual phase boride layer (FeB/Fe2B) besides the chromium and vanadium borides as precipitates inside it. The boronizing kinetics of AISI H13 steel was investigated by using the classical parabolic growth law. The obtained value of boron activation energy in the entire boride layer (FeB + + Fe2B) was found to be 236.34 kJ mol-1. Furthermore, this value of energy has been compared to the literature data. Finally, the nanohardness and reduced modulus of elasticity were measured for FeB, Fe2B and transition zone.
Corrosion in underground infrastructures
Authors: Mukhtar S.
Published: October 2021

There is a significant loss due to corrosion of buried infrastructure. Many pipes have failed due to mistreatment happening within them all around the world. Different soil aeration leads to macro corrosion cells that cause critical levels within the path corrosion leading to a loss of structural integrity of the buried pipes underground. This review paper seeks to address and presents a predetermined model developed by using software COMSOL Multiphysics to identify and characterize the areas experiencing a high rate of corrosion beneath the surface due to differential aeration. The pipe surfaces experience electrochemical reactions and reactant transport mechanisms in the soil and the pipes. Porosity and degree of saturation make the closed-form equations used to create the mass transport properties and electrical properties that constitute three-phase medium using standard soil parameters. The current model enables the study of soil property variations and conditions from the external environment pipeline corrosion. The model results conclude and agree well with the literature and case studies done at pipeline failure sites. The model used in this review will then enable water utilities to develop forecasting tools that may be useful for assessment.
Emerging Adults’ Timing and Self-Efficacy for Transitional and Gradual Roles
Authors: Powell Darcey N. , Gaines Stephanie
Published: October 2021

Emerging adulthood is a time of great transition, including but not limited to the commencement of “adult roles” and responsibilities. The present study examined emerging adults’ (EAs’) perceptions of transitional (i.e., cohabitating, marriage, parenting) and gradual (i.e., religious beliefs, political beliefs, managing own health) roles. Participants were recruited from a small liberal arts college (N = 88) and from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk platform (N = 181). They were surveyed on the age at which they anticipated or reported achieving the examined roles and their current self-efficacy for the roles. Female EAs reported intending to or achieving the transitional roles at a significantly later age than female EAs of the late 20th century (ps ≤ .001, ds 0.77–0.95). Additionally, female EAs anticipated role achievement for cohabitating, marriage, parenting, and religious beliefs at later ages than male EAs (ps < .05, gs 0.33–1.33). Moreover, male and female EAs differed in a few role-specific self-efficacies if they had not yet achieved the desired adult role (e.g., marriage, parenting; ps < .05, gs 0.62–0.98), but did not differ if they had already achieved the role. Lastly, the difference between EAs’ age and their role achievement largely did not predict their role-specific self-efficacies. The results provide additional insight into EAs’ expectations and current perceptions of themselves and may be useful to individuals who work regularly with EAs who are apprehensive about the extent to which they are “on time” and “ready” to engage in the examined transitional and gradual roles.
Need for Cognition and Women’s Implicit Associations: Breaking Stereotypes?
Authors: Olshan Sarah M. , Vitiello Christine , Ratliff Kate A.
Published: October 2021

People often associate women more with emotions, or affect in general, compared to men (e.g., Barrett & Bliss-Moreau, 2009); however, it is unknown whether some women will have a stronger association between self and affect or others and cognition than other women. We predicted that higher need for cognition (NFC; Cacioppo et al., 1984), or the enjoyment of cognitive processes, would be associated with stronger self-cognition/others-affect implicit associations. We also predicted that women with stronger self-cognition/others-affect associations would be less likely to endorse STEM stereotypes. We also expected a positive relationship between NFC and explicit self-cognition/others-affect associations. To test these predictions, we conducted a study on Project Implicit investigating the relationship between NFC, affect-cognition associations with the self and others, and endorsement of women in STEM stereotypes (Jackson et al., 2014). We found that higher NFC scores were associated with decreased endorsement of stereotypical affect-cognition implicit associations in women, r(280) = −.14, p = .022, 95% CI [−0.25, −0.02]. There was no significant association between self-affect/others-cognition implicit associations and STEM stereotype endorsement, r(278) = −.05, p = .421, 95% CI [−0.17, 0.07]. Importantly, we found that the relationship between NFC and self-affect/others-cognition associations exists when using both an implicit and explicit measure. NFC may increase the likelihood of women making the counter-stereotypical association of themselves with cognition as opposed to affect. It is important to know who endorses these stereotypes, and future studies should continue to examine the trait NFC, affect-cognition associations, and related interest in STEM.
Westgate Tunnel, Melbourne Family of Footbridges for a Tunnel Project
Authors: McNeil John , Pillot Daniel , Voelske Armin , Burke Rowland
Published: October 2021

Westgate Tunnel is Australia’s largest single infrastructure contract. It provides a new motorway connection for Melbourne’s western suburbs to the CBD. The project includes 7km of twin bored tunnel and over 20km of bridge viaducts. Also included are 14km of new walking and cycling paths with assoicated footbridges.

The project inculdes 12 new footbridges. These include large span trusses over creeks (Fig. 1), rail and motorways (Fig 2.), a 2.5km long cyclist only “ veloway” (Fig. 3) which hangs from parallel viaducts and a 120m span curved cable stay bridge (Fig. 4).

Detailed analysis was undertaken to understand how veloway users’ experience would be affected by both static and dynamic responses from traffic on the supporting structures. For the cable-stayed structure, studies were undertaken to investigate both pedestrian and wind induced dynamics. These included aeroelastic wind tunnel testing of a 7m long scale model.

The urban design response was to define architectural themes which connect structures, and create a uniform user experience. Bridge designs were developed to provide an identity to different routes. For clear span footbridges over traffic, curved organic forms were adopted. A route over a busy rail corridor adopted a more industrial functional aesthetic with weathering steel finishes. The veloway comprises a unique hanging continuous tube. The cable stay bridge also adopts similar finishes to connect this route.

The paper will present the project wide approach, to define the user experience across multiple bridges.
Prestressed Ultra-High-Performance Fibre-Reinforced Concrete Footbridge
Authors: Brauen Ueli
Published: October 2021

The regional plan of Bulle emphasises the use of soft mobility networks. This footbridge spans the Trême river in a slim and elegant line, offering walkers and cyclists a new route between the future neighbourhood of Bois de Bouleyres and La Tour-de-Trême. The use of ultra-high-performance fibre-reinforced concrete (UHP-FRC), combined with prestressing, allows thicknesses to be reduced to the minimum while ensuring optimal durability.
Continuous Arch Bridges Over Lake Tisza, Hungary
Authors: Pál Gábor , Dési Attila , Kemenczés András
Published: October 2021

The design and construction process of the unique cycling bridges at Lake Tisza are presented in this article. The 4 new bridges are parts of the closing segment of the cycle route around the artificial reservoir, which is a popular tourist destination in Hungary, and part of the UNESCO World Heritage. The proximity of the natural environment motivated the use of organic, flowing shapes.

The unique Eger- and Szomorka bridges are independent continuous half-through arch bridges, 8 spans with a total length of 308.46m, and 3 spans with a total length of 86.30 m, respectively. The bridge over River Tisza is a 5 span bridge with a total length of 279.47 m, which is placed on the extended piers of the existing roadway bridge. It consists of 2 deck truss bridges on the side-spans and 3 network arch bridges in the mid- spans. A 5.70 m span bascule bridge over one of the draining canals of the lake was also accomplished as part of the project.

The Eger and Szomorka bridges are internationally unique due to the fact that the Designers have dreamed a continuous sinusoid wave on the supports; which, by twirling under and above the deck, results in a continuous structure. The successful construction of the Tisza River Bridge also required some special and unprecedented construction methods.
The Motorway Footbridge as Heritage; a Technical and Artistic Celebration of Thoughtful Design
Authors: Russell Helena , Faragher Jonathan
Published: October 2021

This paper introduces Hallingbury Footbridge on the M11 motorway in the UK, in the context of the concrete bridges that were designed and built during the early expansion of the network from the late 1950s onwards. It includes information about the history of this section of the motorway and the technical and architectural details of the footbridge, and seeks to communicate two unique responses to the structure in its contemporary context.

The viewpoints of the two groups – road users and pedestrians – who experience the structure as part of the landscape and as a functional tool are brought together, and the audience invited to reflect on the connected but contrasting ways in which they encounter the footbridge.
Grand Avenue Traverse: Uniting Accessibility, Utilities and Economy Into a New Experience
Authors: van Dyck Stephen , Crawford Scott
Published: October 2021

The Grand Avenue Pedestrian Bridge spans 85m from a park and residential neighborhood to a developing waterfront district that is 24m below. The bridge carries sewer, storm, and water utilities over rail lines and a highway while passing under power lines. The bridge’s east landing is on a landslide prone steep slope. On the west the bridge lands on a new concrete stair and elevator tower that rests on soil that is regularly infil- trated with seawater.

The design concept uses the constraints of the project to create a unique moment that is both utilitarian and unexpected. By sloping the truss to drop 4.8% towards the west, a set of accessible ramps are created on the top, side, and interior of a box-truss style bridge. Traversing 7m of elevation through accessible paths allowed the design team to minimize the height of the elevator and therefore moment into the foundations, critical for a site that is seismically active and located in seawater infiltrated soil.

Material choices for the bridge and throw barrier were based on considerations of durability and mainte- nance. Weathering steel is used for the primary truss members, painted steel for members located under the deck, and bare aluminum panels with a custom CNC cut perforation form the guardrail and throw barrier. All of the elements come together as a unified experience.
Bridge Failure and Public Perception of Safety: Managing Situations the Public See as Dangerous
Authors: Oliver Alistair
Published: October 2021

Occasionally, bridge projects present a challenge to the general public in terms of how they look or feel. This can happen during construction, demolition or even through the working operational lifespan. Concern can understandably arise if a structure looks or feels unstable or unsafe, for any reason. Some bridges seem ‘wrong’ even when they are quite safe.

The question of safety, and more particularly the perception of safety, are areas where structural engineering, the commercial realities of bridge ownership/operation, human psychology and public relations meet. When a bridge looks or feel unsafe, despite it being quite stable and without danger, the public may deem such a scenario unacceptable, and this can create friction with what is desirable from the point of view of the bridge owner or operator.

When the above occurs, the interface with the public and clients must be carefully managed. Clear, concise information is vital, communicated in non-jargon language. To persuade the uninitiated that something is safe, despite it looking the opposite, requires skills that bridge professionals sometimes lack. Identifying, understanding, and practicing these skills will sometimes feel counterintuitive to bridge practioners, but they are skills which nonetheless are sometimes essential.
The Dinosaur Bridge – innovation in structural form & fabrication
Authors: Knight David , Chambers Stuart , Tonkin Mike
Published: October 2021

This paper describes the process of design and planning, the funding via crowdfunding and community donations, and outlines the collaborative approach to fabrication and installation. The bridge is due to be installed in Summer 2020.
Tirohanga Whanui Footbridge, Auckland, NZ
Authors: Thompson Geoff , McNeil John , Wells John
Published: October 2021

Māori, the tangata whenua (people of the land) in Aoteroa (New Zealand), have very rich, deep-seated cultural connections with wahi (place) and nature. Clients, designers and constructors alike, have begun to understand that ‘story telling’ and ‘place making’ are mutually inclusive strengths. This has seen a steadily growing trend in the New Zealand bridge landscape, where kōrero (cultural narrative) is incorporated in design and delivery of projects large and small.

The Tirohanga Whānui (panoramic views) Footbridge in Auckland is a project where kōrero is integrated into the design. The bridge is an example of architectural design through kōrero, parametric design and structural features. The 104m long three span truss hybrid has organic voids with apertures that vary in response to the stresses in the structure. With the people-focused cultural lens in mind, the bridge detailing will be discussed.

This paper will also highlight the unique features of a few bridge projects from Aotearoa (New Zealand), showing the smart and sometimes subtle connections these bridges have with nature and iwi (local community or tribe).
Dampak Model Pembelajaran Auditory, Intellektualy, Repatition (AIR) terhadap Minat Belajar Siswa
Authors: Rizkiardi Reza Miftah , Subali Bambang
Published: October 2021

Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui adanya dampak model pembelajaran Auditory, Intellektualy, Repatition (AIR) pada minat belajar mata pelajaran IPA dikelas III SDN 02 Banjaran. Latar belakang penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat apakah ada dampak dan perubahan minat belajar siswa mata pelajaran IPA di kelas III SDN 02 Banjaran ketika guru menggunakan model pembelajaran Auditory, Intellektualy, Repatition (AIR). Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode survey, teknik yang digunakan adalah wawancaraÂ  dan observasi. Hasil penelitian berdasarkan wawancara dan observasi terhadap guru dan siswa menunjukan adanya dampak perubahan minat belajar mata pelajaran IPA materi cuaca dan pengaruhnya terhadap siswa kelas III SDN 02 Banjaran saat guru dalam pembelajaran menggunakan model pembelajaran Auditory, Intellektualy, Repatition (AIR) .Kata kunci: Dampak, Model Auditory, Intellektualy, Repatition (AIR), Minat Belajar.
Peningkatan Kompetensi Guru Kelas 3 dan 4 SD Negeri Purwahamba 01 dalam Menerapkan Model Pembelajaran Cooperative Learning Type Jigsaw melalui Pendampingan pada Semester II Tahun Pelajaran 2016 /2017
Authors: Raharjo Siwi Saptono
Published: October 2021

Tujuan penelitian adalah meningkatkan kompetensi guru kelas 3 dan kelas 4 SD Negeri Purwahamba 01 Kecamatan Suradadi Kabupaten Tegal dalam menerapkan model pembelajaran cooperative learning type Jigsaw pada semester II tahun pelajaran 2016/2017. Subjek penelitian adalah guru kelas 3 dan 4 SD Negeri Purwahamba 01 UPTD DikbudÂ  Kecamatan Suradadi Kabupaten Tegal. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah instrumen tes pemahaman dan instrumen observasi pembelajaran. Penelitian Tindakan Sekolah dilakukan dalam 2 kali siklus, setiap siklus terdiri 3 kali pertemuan tatap muka dengan guru kelas 3 dan 4 peserta pendampingan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan setelah diadakan tindakan melalui kegiatan pendampingan guru dari segi keterampilan melaksanakan pembelajaranÂ  mengalami peningkatan ketuntasan sebesar 16,93 poin atau 24,51% dari perolehan nilai pada siklus I sebesar 69,05 dan meningkat pada akhir siklus II sebesar 85,98. Kegiatan pendampingan pemahaman konsep dari siklus I ke siklus II sebesar 19,98 poin atau sebesar 31,54% , diperoleh pada siklus I rata-rata nilai sebesar 63,35 dan pada siklus II rata-rata nilai sebesar 83,33, dari indikator keberhasilan sebesar 75,00. Berdasarkan uraian hasil penenelitian dan pembahasan pada penelitian tindakan sekolah melalui pendampingan dapat meningkatkan pemahaman konsep keterampilan bagi guru kelas 3 dan kelas 4 SD Negeri Purwahamba 01 Semester II Tahun Pelajaran 2016/2017 dalam pembelajaran dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran cooperative learning type Jigsaw
Pengaruh Mata Kuliah Pengembangan Kepribadian Pancasila dalam Menyikapi Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi
Authors: Hartati Mursyidah Dwi , Ponoharjo Ponoharjo , Khamim Mohamad
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh mata kuliah pengembangan kepribadian Pancasila dalam menyikapi IPTEK. Populasi dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 103 orang. Tehnik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah proporsional cluster random sampling, dalam hal ini tiap kelas diambil 70% sehingga jumlah mahasiswa yang dijadikan sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlahÂ  40 orang. Data berupa kuesioner diuji menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan regresi, dan sebelumnya data ini diuji terlebih dahulu validitas dan reliabilitas nya menggunakan pearson product moment. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa secara umum responden dalam penelitian ini mempunyai pengembangan kepribadian Pancasila yang baik. Mahasiswa sebagai generasi muda sebaiknya menjaga kepribadian bangsa dalam menghadapi tantangan perkembangan Iptek, dan berpegang teguh kepada Pancasila sebagai dasar negaraÂ  sehingga perkembangan Iptek bisa membantu pembangunan NegaraÂ
Peralihan Fungsi Benteng Pendem Cilacap Dari Masa Ke Masa
Authors: Widharta Adhiningtyas Putu , Wuryani Emy , Widiarto Tri
Published: October 2021

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan sejarah berdirinya Benteng Pendem dan peralihan fungsinya dari masa berdiri sampai masa sekarang. Rumusan masalah penelitian adalah Bagaimanakah peralihan fungsi di Benteng Pendem Cilacap dari masa ke masa. Untuk menjawab pertanyaan tersebut, dilaksanakan sebuah penelitian dengan menggunakan metode sejarah. Penelitian ini melewati empat (4) buah tahapan, yaitu: heuristik, kritik sumber, interpretasi, dan penulisan sejarah. Hasil dari penelitian ditemukan bahwa Benteng Pendem Cilacap pada awalnya didirikan untuk pertahanan militer Pemerintah Hindia Belanda, namun dalam perkembangannya Benteng Pendem Cilacap mengalami beberapa perubahan fungsi seperti: 1) pada masa pendudukan Jepang digunakan sebagai markas pertahanan militer oleh Tentara Jepang, 2) pada masa kemerdekaan Indonesia sebagai tempat berlatih perang dan pendaratan laut oleh Tentara Nasional Indonesia (TNI) Banteng Loreng Kesatuan Jawa Tengah, 3) Saat ini Benteng Pendem Cilacap menjadi salah satu objek wisata pendidikan dan sejarah Indonesia. Â Kata Kunci: Benteng Pendem; Cilacap; Fungsi Benteng.
Pengembangan Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Multimedia Untuk Meningkatkan Efektivitas Kemampuan Membaca Mahasiswa
Authors: Sulistianingsih Endang
Published: October 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji pengembangan model pembelajaran berbasis multimedia untuk meningkatkan efektivitas kemampuan reading mahasiswa, sebab dengan peningkatan kemampuan reading akan membantu keberhasilan mahasiswa dalam mengikuti perkembangan dunia di bidang ilmu dan teknologi, mengingat sebagian besar karya-karya ilmiah di bidang ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi dirilis dalam bahasa Inggris. Partisipan dari penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa program studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan penelitian true experimental design dengan jenis rancangan pre-test post-test one design, dengan tahapan meliputi persiapan, pelaksanaan dan pelaporan. Hasil dari penelitian adalah bahwa model pembelajaran berbasis multimedia efektif untuk meningkatkan kemampuan membaca (reading comprehension) mahasiswa.Â