bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of CT and MRI images based on artificial intelligence to predict lymph node metastases in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma: a subgroup meta-analysis
Authors: Deng Cheng , Hu Jun , Tang Ping , Xu Tao , He Ling , Zeng Zesheng , Sheng Jianfeng
Published: June 2024

Background

The performance of artificial intelligence (AI) in the prediction of lymph node (LN) metastasis in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has not been quantitatively evaluated. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of published data on the diagnostic performance of CT and MRI based on AI algorithms for predicting LN metastases in patients with OSCC.

Methods

We searched the Embase, PubMed (Medline), Web of Science, and Cochrane databases for studies on the use of AI in predicting LN metastasis in OSCC. Binary diagnostic accuracy data were extracted to obtain the outcomes of interest, namely, the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity, and compared the diagnostic performance of AI with that of radiologists. Subgroup analyses were performed with regard to different types of AI algorithms and imaging modalities.

Results

Fourteen eligible studies were included in the meta-analysis. The AUC, sensitivity, and specificity of the AI models for the diagnosis of LN metastases were 0.92 (95% CI 0.89–0.94), 0.79 (95% CI 0.72–0.85), and 0.90 (95% CI 0.86–0.93), respectively. Promising diagnostic performance was observed in the subgroup analyses based on algorithm types [machine learning (ML) or deep learning (DL)] and imaging modalities (CT vs. MRI). The pooled diagnostic performance of AI was significantly better than that of experienced radiologists.

Discussion

In conclusion, AI based on CT and MRI imaging has good diagnostic accuracy in predicting LN metastasis in patients with OSCC and thus has the potential for clinical application.

Systematic Review Registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/#recordDetails, PROSPERO (No. CRD42024506159).
Case report: Microsatellite instability determination is not always black and white in Lynch syndrome diagnosis
Authors: Rodriguez Julieta E. , Vasseur Damien , Bani Mohamed Amine , Cabaret Odile , Cotteret Sophie , Muleris Martine , Golbarg Veronica , Malka David , Pudlarz Thomas , Caron Olivier , Smolenschi Cristina
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a genetic marker that is useful in the detection and treatment of Lynch syndrome (Sd). Although conventional techniques such as immunohistochemistry (IHC) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are the standards for MSI detection, the advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) has offered new possibilities, especially with circulating DNA.

Case report

We present the case of a 26-year-old patient with Lynch Sd and a BRAF-mutated metastatic colon cancer. The discordant MSI results between the conventional methods and NGS posed challenges in making treatment decisions. Subsequent NGS analysis revealed a high MSI status, leading to participation in an immunotherapy trial, with remarkable clinical response.

Conclusion

This case emphasizes the importance of comprehensive molecular profiling and strong interdisciplinary collaborations, especially in cases with ambiguous MSI results.
Case report: A rare case of anti-PD-1 sintilimab-induced agranulocytosis/severe neutropenia in non-small cell lung cancer and literature review
Authors: Qin Yanzhu , Lu Shuaiji , Chen Jingwen , Peng Jing , Yang Jijun
Published: June 2024

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) demonstrate unique advantages in the treatment of lung cancer and are widely used in the era of immunotherapy. However, ICIs can cause adverse reactions. Hematological toxicities induced by immunotherapy are relatively rare. Agranulocytosis, a rare hematologic adverse event associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors, has received limited attention in terms of treatment and patient demographics. Herein, we report the case of a 68-year-old male with non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) who received two cycles of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) antibody sintilimab immunotherapy combined with albumin-bound paclitaxel and carboplatin chemotherapy and one cycle of sintilimab monotherapy. He was diagnosed with grade 4 neutropenia and sepsis (with symptoms of fever and chills) after the first two cycles of treatment. Teicoplanin was promptly initiated as antimicrobial therapy. The patient presented with sudden high fever and developed agranulocytosis on the day of the third cycle of treatment initiation, characterized by an absolute neutrophil count of 0.0×109/L. The patient was treated with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor but did not show improvement. He was then treated with corticosteroids, and absolute neutrophil counts gradually returned to normal levels. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of sintilimab-induced agranulocytosis in a patient with NSCLC. Sintilimab-induced severe neutropenia or agranulocytosis is a rare side effect that should be distinguished from chemotherapy-induced neutropenia and treated promptly with appropriate therapies; otherwise, the condition may worsen.
Does the presence of blind-ended vas deferens and spermatic vessels in laparoscopic exploration of non-palpable testes conclusively indicate testicular absence?
Authors: Mao Chang-Kun , Deng Qi-Fei , Liu Xiang , Cao Yong-Sheng , Li Guang-Yuan
Published: June 2024

Objective

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the presence of blind-ended vas deferens and spermatic vessels (VDSV) during laparoscopic exploration of non-palpable testes (NPT) indicates testicular absence or atrophy.

Materials and methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data of patients diagnosed with NPT and treated with surgical intervention at our center from April 2013–April 2023. The dataset encompassed information such as the children's age, affected side, size of the contralateral testis, surgical procedures employed, outcomes, and histopathological examination results. All patients underwent physical examination and ultrasonography preoperatively, followed by a combination of laparoscopic exploration and exploration through inguinal or scrotal incisions during surgery. Long-term follow-up was conducted postoperatively.

Results

A total of 476 cases comprising 504 NPT were included in this study: 302 cases on the left side, 146 cases on the right side, and 28 cases bilaterally. All patients underwent surgical treatment within 6–126 months (median 13 months). During laparoscopic exploration, blind-ended VDSV were found in 90 testes (72 on the left side, 18 on the right side), while exploration through inguinal or scrotal incisions revealed 52 (57.8%) testicular nodules with atrophy, which were excised, leaving 38 (42.2%) without any findings. Histopathological examination of atrophic nodules revealed fibrosis as the most common finding in 41 cases (78.8%), followed by involvement of the vas deferens in 33 cases (63.5%), calcification in 24 cases (46.2%), epididymis in 23 cases (44.2%), and hemosiderin deposition in 7 cases (13.6%). Fibrosis, calcification, hemosiderin deposition, involvement of the vas deferens, and epididymis were found in combination in 47 specimens (90.4%). Seminiferous tubules (SNT) were found in 3 specimens (5.7%), and germ cells (GC) were found in 1 specimen (1.9%).

Conclusion

The presence of blind-ended VDSV during laparoscopic exploration of NPT does not necessarily indicate testicular absence or disappearance. It is possible that atrophic testicular nodules are located within the inguinal canal or scrotum. This understanding contributes to the management of non-palpable testes. Considering their unpredictable malignant potential, we recommend excision.
Antimalarial and antioxidant activities of novel artesunate-ellagic acid hybrid compound in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Ishola Ahmed A. , Adebayo Joseph O. , Ceravolo Isabela P. , Tijjani Habibu , Bento Edson S. , Goulart Henrique F. , Crispim Alessandre C. , Balogun Elizabeth A. , Santana Antonio E. G. , Krettli Antoniana U.
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Emergence of drug resistant strains of Plasmodium species has necessitated the search for novel antimalarials with unique mechanisms of action. Synthesis of hybrid compounds has been one approach to tackling this challenge. In this study, the synthesis of artesunate-ellagic acid hybrid compound (EA31) from ellagic acid and artesunate and its evaluation for antimalarial and antioxidant activities using in vitro and in vivo models were carried out.

Method: EA31 was synthesized from artesunate and ellagic acid. The activities of the hybrid compound against Plasmodium falciparum W2 and P. berghei NK65 were evaluated, and its antioxidant activities were also determined.

Results: The results revealed that EA31 was more active against P. falciparum W2 (chloroquine resistant) clone and less cytotoxic to buffalo green monkey kidney cell line compared to artesunate. EA31 was also active against Plasmodium berghei NK65 in vivo. The results revealed inhibition of β-hematin formation as one of the mechanisms of action of EA31. EA31 also exhibited antioxidant activities.

Conclusion: The results revealed that EA31 may exert dual action of killing malaria parasite and mopping the reactive oxygen species that mediate the secondary complications of malaria.
Commercial Chinese polyherbal preparation Zao Ren An Shen prescription for primary insomnia: a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis
Authors: Zhao Fei-Yi , Xu Peijie , Kennedy Gerard A. , Zheng Zhen , Zhang Wen-Jing , Zhu Jia-Yi , Ho Yuen-Shan , Yue Li-Ping , Fu Qiang-Qiang , Conduit Russell
Published: June 2024

Background: Natural products are widely used for primary insomnia (PI). This systematic review with trial sequential analysis (TSA) aimed to summarize evidence pertaining to the effectiveness and safety of Zao Ren An Shen (ZRAS) prescription, a commercial Chinese polyherbal preparation, for treating PI.

Methods: Controlled clinical trials appraising ZRAS compared to controls or as an add-on treatment were systematically searched across seven databases until January 2024. Cochrane ROB 2.0 and ROBINS-I tools were adopted to determine risk of bias. Quality of evidence was assessed using the GRADE framework.

Results: We analyzed 22 studies, involving 2,142 participants. The effect of ZRAS in reducing Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores was found to be comparable to benzodiazepines [MD = 0.39, 95%CI (−0.12, 0.91), p = 0.13] and superior to Z-drugs [MD = −1.31, 95%CI (−2.37, −0.24), p = 0.02]. The addition of ZRAS to hypnotics more significantly reduced polysomnographically-recorded sleep onset latency [MD = −4.44 min, 95%CI (−7.98, −0.91), p = 0.01] and number of awakenings [MD = −0.89 times, 95%CI (−1.67, −0.10), p = 0.03], and increased total sleep time [MD = 40.72 min, 95%CI (25.14, 56.30), p < 0.01], with fewer adverse events than hypnotics alone. TSA validated the robustness of these quantitative synthesis results. However, the quality of evidence ranged from very low to low. The limited data available for follow-up did not support meta-synthesis.

Conclusion: While ZRAS prescription shows promising effectiveness in treating PI, the overall quality of evidence is limited. Rigorously-designed randomized control trials are warranted to confirm the short-term efficacy of ZRAS and explore its medium-to-long-term efficacy.

Systematic Review Registration: (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=471497), identifier (CRD42023471497).
Genome-wide identification of TBL gene family and functional analysis of GhTBL84 under cold stress in cotton
Authors: Zhu Xiaoqing , Ma Xiaowei , Hu Wanying , Xing Yulin , Huang Shengcai , Chen Zequan , Fang Lei
Published: June 2024

Cotton fiber, the mainstay of the world’s textile industry, is formed by the differentiation of epidermal cells on the outer peridium of the ovule. The TBL gene family is involved in the regulation of epidermal hair development as well as response to abiotic stress. However, the function of TBL genes in cotton has not been systematically studied yet. Here, we identified 131 and 130 TBL genes in TM-1 (Gossypium hirsutum) and Hai7124 (Gossypium barbadense), respectively. Phylogenetic, gene structure, expression pattern and cis-element of promoter analysis were performed and compared. Single gene association analysis indicated that more TBL genes related to fiber quality traits were found in G. barbadense, whereas more genes associated with yield traits were found in G. hirsutum. One gene, GhTBL84 (GH_D04G0930), was induced by treatment at 4°C for 12 and 24 h in G. hirsutum and silencing of the GhTBL84 gene by VIGS technology in TM-1 can significantly improve the resistance of cotton seedlings to low temperature stress. In sum, our study conducted a genome-wide identification and comparative analysis of TBL family genes in G. hirsutum and G. barbadense and demonstrated a group of TBL genes significantly associated with fiber quality and excavated cold stress responsive gene, such as GhTBL84, providing a theoretical basis for further improving cotton agronomic traits.
The evaluation and enhancement strategies of core competencies for older adult caregivers in integrated medical and older adult care institutions
Authors: Rong Chao , Wu Qun-Hong , Xu Hong-Yan , Chang Ming , Zhang Lan , Xie Rong-Rong
Published: June 2024

The study aimed to understand the main skills of older adult caregivers and find ways to improve these skills. We selected participants using a method called random cluster sampling, where caregivers from 17 different medical and nursing care facilities across seven districts in Hangzhou were chosen. We collected 492 valid questionnaires and conducted interviews with 150 people. To analyze the data, we used T-tests and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to identify what factors affect caregivers’ skills. We also performed multiple regression analysis to explore these factors in more depth. The analysis showed that age (p = 0.041), annual income (p < 0.001), and having a training certificate (p < 0.001) significantly influence the skills of older adult caregivers. Specifically, caregivers’ age and whether they had a training certificate were linked to how competent they were, with income being a very strong factor. The study highlighted a gap between the caregivers’ current skills and the skills needed for high-quality care. This gap shows the need for training programs that are specifically tailored to the caregivers’ diverse needs and cultural backgrounds. Medical and eldercare facilities should adjust their work and educational programs accordingly. It’s also important to look at how caregivers are paid to make sure their salary reflects their skills and the quality of care they provide. Finally, it’s crucial to integrate a comprehensive training program that leads to certification within eldercare organizations.
New York state, regional and county level nitrogen and phosphorus balances for harvested cropland
Authors: Godber Olivia Florence , Workman Kirsten , Reed Kristan , Ketterings Quirine M.
Published: June 2024

New York (NY) state is one of five states that collectively produce >50% of the annual milk supply within the United States. The local environment allows farmers to integrate crop and livestock systems, facilitating cycling of manure nutrients back to cropland. Thus, dairy provides NY with benefits, opportunities, and challenges in terms of environmental sustainability, climate resiliency, and a circular agricultural economy. Improved balancing of crop nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) needs and supply with manure and fertilizer, is key for a circular agricultural economy. The objectives of this study were to calculate and evaluate (1) regional and county level N and P balances of harvested cropland; and (2) contribution of manure to a circular agricultural economy for NY. Nutrient balances were calculated for 2017 (most recent Census year) as the difference in the amount of nutrient input through purchased fertilizer and recoverable manure, and the amount removed in harvested crops. Atmospheric N deposition and legume N fixation, and manure nutrient losses during collection, transfer, storage, and treatment were estimated too. The 2017 P balance was 10 kg P ha−1 (9 lb. P ac−1). The N balance was between 39 kg N ha−1 (35 lb. N ac−1) and 95 kg N ha−1 (85 lb. N ac−1), depending on the proportion of legume cropland assumed to receive manure. Redistribution and application of manure to meet P-removal on non-legume cropland only leaves a surplus of 3 kg P ha−1 (3 lb. P ac−1). Applying surplus manure to legume and non-legume cropland results in a slight, state-level, P deficit. In both scenarios, the large N deficit that cannot be met through legume N fixation alone indicates purchased fertilizer is required. These results show NY’s ability to capitalize on the value of manure without excessive risk to the environment. Greater circularity of agricultural production in NY will need to consider benefits and trade-offs of applying manure to legume cropland. As milk production increases in the state, implementation of advanced manure treatment, storage, and manure application and livestock feeding practices will be needed to increase the circularity and sustainability of the agricultural sector in NY.
Hate, crime and epistemic vulnerability: on sense-making and feelings of (un)safety among Danish Muslims
Authors: Flyvholm Anne-Mai , Johansen Birgitte Schepelern
Published: June 2024

This article investigates feelings of (un)safety emerging from knowing and sharing knowledge about hate crime and hate incidents. Drawing on fieldwork and interviews with young Muslims living in the greater Copenhagen area, the article explores the way the interlocutors seek to make sense of their experiences through available epistemic categories, and how this sense-making is shaped by reactions from the surrounding society, e.g., whether it is questioned, supported, ignored etc. Combining criminological and psychological research on direct and indirect harms of hate crime with insights from philosophy on epistemic encounters and their ethical implications the article provides a framework for investigating safety in epistemic interactions. Based on this framework, the article show the often hard work that people perform in order to balance epistemic needs (e.g. the need for knowledge and for recognition) with epistemic risks (e.g. the risk of testimonial rejection, of damaged epistemic confidence, or loss of credibility).
Protective factors for the risk of suffering intimate partner violence in help-seeking women survivors from a social organization in Chile
Authors: Benjumeda Wynhoven Isabel , Yago Alonso Carmen
Published: June 2024

Objective

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a major public health problem in Latin America. The present study investigates the protective factors that contribute to minimizing the risk of exposure to IPV analyzing different variables in a sample of Chilean women victims of IPV.

Methods

We used data from the Cicatrices Foundation, a nonprofit Chilean organization providing psychological support to IPV victims. Relevant variables for IPV prevention were identified analyzing a database containing all the information reported by victims during a structured interview. A final sample of 444 women suffering IPV was used in the present study.

Results

Logistic regression analysis was calculated in order to make predictions related to IPV protective factors, showing that having a support network (OR = 2.85), treatment compliance (OR = 2.05) and being younger (OR = 0.95) increased the probability of not living with the aggressor. Another logistic regression analysis was calculated in order to predict IPV victims´ health taking medication intake as an indicator. A significant association was observed between this variable and working outside (p = 0.002) and between mediation intake and age (p < 0.001), with an OR of 1.987 and 0.93, respectively. Working outside and being younger were identified as protective factors against consuming medication.

Conclusion

To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the first studies conducted in Chile on the prevention of IPV in a sample of victims seeking for help. Our results will contribute to guide policy makers, researchers and other women in the prevention of potential risks for IPV.
Integrating multilocus genome-wide association studies in chickpea landraces to discern the genetics of drought tolerance
Authors: Harish D. , Pappula Reddy Sneha Priya , Kumar Neeraj , Bharadwaj Chellapilla , Kumar Tapan , Parida Swaroop , Patil Basavanagowda S. , Kumar Sudhir , Jain Pradeep K. , Kumar Yogesh , Varshney Rajeev K.
Published: June 2024

In chickpea breeding, drought is a major concern and a complex trait controlled by several genes. To develop drought-tolerant varieties, it is essential to use the available germplasm and genomic resources. Over the years, the landraces have proven to be a good source for the dissection of genes for different yield and yield-related traits. The present investigation for marker–trait associations (MTAs) and candidate gene identification was conducted by studying 125 chickpea landraces collected from the West Asia and North Africa (WANA) region, along with 4 varieties suitable for irrigated and rainfed environments. This study analyzed 13 physio-morphological traits in 2 consecutive years at two isolated locations (IARI, New Delhi, and Dharwad). A strong correlation coefficient was observed between the trait seed yield (SY) and biological yield (BY) under both conditions. The Drought Susceptibility Index (DSI) ranged from 0.02 to 1.84 and 0.10 to 2.04 at the IARI, New Delhi and Dharwad locations, respectively. The genotypic data of 6,367 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) distributed across the genome were used for genetic diversity study, population structure, and genome-wide association study (GWAS). The average polymorphic information content (PIC) value observed was 0.25, and the average linkage disequilibrium (LD) decay distance was 152,269 bp across the genome. A total of four subgroups were observed within the population for genotypic data. Fixed and random model Circulating Probability Unification (FarmCPU) was used for the GWAS analysis, which considered both fixed- and random-effect models. A total of 52 significant SNPs were reported in both irrigated and rainfed conditions at low locations; 7 SNPs were associated with more than one trait, which may have pleiotropic effects. Significant SNPs were annotated in the pulse database. The identified genomic region found in or near MTA under rainfed conditions encodes for guard cell hydrogen peroxide-resistant1 (GHR1), late embryogenesis-abundant, E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase, walls are thin1 (WAT1), and beta-galactosidase that are known to be associated with drought tolerance.
The Impacts of the C/N Ratio on Hydrogen Sulfide Emission and Microbial Community Characteristics during Chicken Manure Composting with Wheat Straw
Authors: Cai Shangying , Ma Yi , Bao Zhenkang , Yang Ziying , Niu Xiangyu , Meng Qingzhen , Qin Dongsheng , Wang Yan , Wan Junfeng , Guo Xiaoying
Published: June 2024

Wheat straw (WS) has long been subjected to rough treatment by traditional incineration, which not only results in the waste of biomass resources but also poses a risk of atmospheric pollution and is not conducive to the sustainable utilization of natural resources. With great humification potential, WS can be utilized as a valuable composting material. The study optimized the C/N ratio by mixing WS and chicken manure (CM) as composting raw materials, and found that this method could significantly improve the compost quality. In comparison to the conventional poplar woodchip (PW) conditioning, the incorporation of WS resulted in an elevated composting temperature, an extended high-temperature period, a more expeditious lignocellulose degradation, a notable enhancement in the organic matter content, a suppression of hydrogen sulfide production under low C/N ratio, and a promotion of elemental sulfur conversion, collectively contributing to an enhanced overall quality and environmental friendliness of the compost. Correlation analysis of microbial communities and environmental factors demonstrated that the mixed compost facilitated the growth of actinomycetes and sulfur-transforming bacteria. Additionally, structural equation model indicated that parameters such as temperature and pH value played a key role in the composting process.
Comparison and Experimental Study of Cotton Stalk Extraction via Nip Roller Based on Nip Motion Trajectory Equation
Authors: Wang Yichao , Zhang Jiaxi , Huo Yanjun , Wang Zhenwei , Li Jinming , Li Zhenkun
Published: June 2024

In the field of straw recycling, a cotton straw-harvesting mechanism is an important piece of agricultural equipment. The mechanistic analysis method of the harvesting mechanism is a major focus of research and development in this field. Currently, in the mechanistic analysis of the cotton straw recycling mechanism, the kinematic and mechanical analysis of the recycling mechanism is generally the main focus. There is not a lot of research based on the quantitative analysis between different recycling mechanisms. In this study, a clamped cotton straw pulling mechanism is optimized and designed, and two different pulling structures are designed. In addition, a two-dimensional modeling and analysis method is used to establish the two-dimensional equations of motion of the two pulling mechanisms, analyze the leakage and breakage rates of the two clamping structures, predict the final pulling effect, and verify the results of the field tests. According to the analysis, the belt-clamping side has more uniform clamping stress and a larger clamping contact area than the chain-clamping side, and the tangential stress on cotton straw is smaller. Based on the field-test verification, the band-clamping side had a higher pulling net rate by an average of 19.32% and a lower missed pulling rate by an average of 6.01% than the chain-clamping side. Therefore, it was determined that the main reason for the lower pulling net rate of the chain-gripped side than that of the belt-gripped side was the higher pulling breakage rate, and the secondary reason was the high leakage pulling rate. Thus, the feasibility and accuracy of the analytical method of this study are verified.
Determination of Minimum Data Set for Soil Health Assessment of Farmlands under Wheat–Maize Crop System in Yanting County, Sichuan, China
Authors: Hussain Zakir , Deng Limei , Wang Xuan , Cui Rongyang , Li Xueqin , Liu Gangcai , Hussain Ishtiaq , Wali Farman , Ayub Muhammad
Published: June 2024

The assessment of soil health through a robust index system having a sufficient number of indicators is an important step toward sustainable crop production. The present study aimed at establishing a minimum data set (MDS) from soil functional and nutritional attributes using a dual index system to evaluate the soil health of farmlands under wheat (Triticum aestivum)–maize (Zea mays) crop rotation in Yanting County, Sichuan, China. Farms from 10 villages in the study area were selected, out of which three sites were considered healthy/ideal sites and used as a reference for the remaining seven targeted sites, and soil samples were collected at depth of 20 cm from these farms. The MDS indicators were selected by using principal component analysis (PCA) followed by Pearson’s correlation on 25 attributes. Based on significant values, eight attributes were retained in the final MDS, including the sucrase level, pH, wilting coefficient, water holding capacity, organic matter, NK ratio, total potassium, and available phosphorus. Based on the results, most of the farmland soils in Yanting County were in a healthy condition, accounting for 61.71% of the surveyed samples, followed by sub-healthy, degraded, and weak soils, accounting for 19.64%, 9.71%, and 8.93%, respectively. The values of most of the indicators at the targeted sites were significantly lower than those at ideal sites. Thus, specific steps should be taken by adding soil organic matter, combined with other fertilizers, to enhance the microbial biomass, enzymatic activities, and other biological activities in the soil.
Integration of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Spectral and Textural Features for Accurate Above-Ground Biomass Estimation in Cotton
Authors: Chen Maoguang , Yin Caixia , Lin Tao , Liu Haijun , Wang Zhenyang , Jiang Pingan , Ali Saif , Tang Qiuxiang , Jin Xiuliang
Published: June 2024

Timely and accurate estimation of Above-Ground-Biomass (AGB) in cotton is essential for precise production monitoring. The study was conducted in Shaya County, Aksu Region, Xinjiang, China. It employed an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) as a low-altitude monitoring platform to capture multispectral images of the cotton canopy. Subsequently, spectral features and textural features were extracted, and feature selection was conducted using Pearson’s correlation (P), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Multivariate Stepwise Regression (MSR), and the ReliefF algorithm (RfF), combined with the machine learning algorithm to construct an estimation model of cotton AGB. The results indicate a high consistency between the mean (MEA) and the corresponding spectral bands in textural features with the AGB correlation. Moreover, spectral and textural feature fusion proved to be more stable than models utilizing single spectral features or textural features alone. Both the RfF algorithm and ANN model demonstrated optimization effects on features, and their combination effectively reduced the data redundancy while improving the model performance. The RfF-ANN-AGB model constructed based on the spectral and textural features fusion worked better, and using the features SIPI2, RESR, G_COR, and RE_DIS, exhibited the best performance, achieving a test sets R2 of 0.86, RMSE of 0.23 kg·m−2, MAE of 0.16 kg·m−2, and nRMSE of 0.39. The findings offer a comprehensive modeling strategy for the precise and rapid estimation of cotton AGB.
Effect of Three Novel Thiazolidiones on the Development, Reproduction, and Trehalase Activity of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Yu Liuhe , Zhong Fan , Jiang Xinyi , He Biner , Fu Haoyu , Liu Xiangyu , Mao Qixuan , Zhao Ying , Wang Shigui , Wu Yan , Duan Hongxia , Tang Bin
Published: June 2024

Spodoptera frugiperda was used to investigate its role as a trehalase inhibitor of three new thiothiazolidone compounds—6d, 6e, and 6f. The development and reproduction of S. frugiperda were investigated to evaluate the potential of these compounds as a novel pesticide for pest control. Compounds 6d, 6e, and 6f were injected into larvae and female pupae. Molecular changes in trehalose and chitin metabolism genes were monitored. Pupal trehalase activity, the female pupal emergence rate, ovarian development, and SfVg and SfVgR gene expression levels were assessed. The results revealed that all three compounds significantly inhibited trehalase activity in the larvae. The expression of TRE was significantly downregulated, and compounds 6d and 6f significantly downregulated the expression of TRE2. Treated larvae exhibited significantly decreased survival rates and a higher incidence of abnormalities. The egg production and hatching rates were markedly diminished by the inhibitors, and the ovaries displayed blackening and clumping. These compounds exhibit promise as eco-friendly insecticides, but further experiments are required to test their multifaceted capabilities.
Use of Biofertilizers as an Effective Management Strategy to Improve the Photosynthetic Apparatus, Yield, and Tolerance to Drought Stress of Drip-Irrigated Wheat in Semi-Arid Environments
Authors: Ikan Chayma , Soussani Fatima-Ezzahra , Ouhaddou Redouane , Ech-Chatir Lahoucine , Errouh Farid , Boutasknit Abderrahim , Assouguem Amine , Ali Essam A. , Ullah Riaz , Ait Barka Essaid , Lahlali Rachid , Meddich Abdelilah
Published: June 2024

Irrigation scheduling, coupled with the use of biofertilizers, constitutes an effective management strategy to overcome soil drought. This study aimed to assess the individual and combined effects of three selected biofertilizers—(R) Bacillus sp. and Bacillus subtilis, (M) native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and (C) compost—on Triticum durum L. The agro-physiological and biochemical traits, along with the soil properties, were evaluated under two different water regimes, 100% crop evapotranspiration (ETc) for the well-watered regime and 30% ETc for the drought-stressed regime under field conditions, using a drip irrigation system. Drought stress (DS) led to significant reductions in the biomass, physiological parameters, and biochemical markers. Furthermore, the application of CM and MR significantly boosted the shoot and root dry weight by 137% and 72%, respectively, under DS compared to the control. Moreover, CM and R resulted in a notable increase of 167% and 130% in the grain and straw yield, respectively, under the same conditions. The normalized difference vegetation index showed improved values in the plants inoculated with MR and CMR, respectively, under DS conditions. Additionally, the soil quality was positively influenced by the application of M and/or R and/or C biofertilizers. These findings provide valuable insights into the intricate soil–plant interactions and the beneficial effects of combined biofertilizers in enhancing wheat’s resilience to drought stress.
The Impact of Different Phosphorus Fertilizers Varieties on Yield under Wheat–Maize Rotation Conditions
Authors: Liang Chutao , Liu Xiaoqi , Lv Jialong , Zhao Funian , Yu Qiang
Published: June 2024

The global phosphate (P) rock shortage has become a significant challenge. Furthermore, the misalignment between crops, soil, and P usage exacerbates P rock wastage in agriculture. The distinctions among various types of phosphorus fertilizers influence the phosphorus cycle, which subsequently impacts biomass, the number of grains per ear, the weight of a thousand grains, and, ultimately, the overall yield. In a four-year field experiment conducted from 2017 to 2021, we assessed the impact of various P fertilizer types on crop yield in a continuous wheat–maize rotation system. Prior to planting the crops, P fertilizers were applied as base fertilizers at a rate of 115 kg P2O5 ha−1 during the wheat season and 90 kg P2O5 ha−1 during the maize season. Additionally, nitrogen (N) was applied at rates of 120 kg ha−1 for wheat and 180 kg ha−1 for maize. The P fertilizers used included ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium polyphosphate, calcium–magnesia phosphate, ammonium phosphate, and calcium superphosphate. Urea was used as the N fertilizer with a split application—60% at planting and 40% at the jointing stage for wheat or the V12 (twelve leaf collar) stage for maize. The results showed that different P fertilizers increased the average yield of wheat and maize by 21.2–38.0% and 9.9–16.3%, respectively. It was found that ammonium polyphosphate, calcium superphosphate, and monoammonium phosphate were more suitable for application in a summer maize–winter wheat rotation system on loess soil.
Adoptive Cell Therapy in Mice Sensitized to a Grass Pollen Allergen
Authors: Weijler Anna Marianne , Prickler Lisa , Kainz Verena , Bergmann Eva , Bohle Barbara , Regele Heinz , Valenta Rudolf , Linhart Birgit , Wekerle Thomas
Published: June 2024

The proportion of patients with type I allergy in the world population has been increasing and with it the number of people suffering from allergic symptoms. Recently we showed that prophylactic cell therapy employing allergen-expressing bone marrow (BM) cells or splenic B cells induced allergen-specific tolerance in naïve mice. Here we investigated if cell therapy can modulate an established secondary allergen-specific immune response in pre-immunized mice. We sensitized mice against the grass pollen allergen Phl p 5 and an unrelated control allergen, Bet v 1, from birch pollen before the transfer of Phl p 5-expressing BM cells. Mice were conditioned with several combinations of low-dose irradiation, costimulation blockade, rapamycin and T cell-depleting anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG). Levels of allergen-specific IgE and IgG1 in serum after cell transfer were measured via ELISA and alterations in cellular responses were measured via an in vitro proliferation assay and transplantation of Phl p 5+ skin grafts. None of the tested treatment protocols impacted Phl p 5-specific antibody levels. Transient low-level chimerism of Phl p 5+ leukocytes as well as a markedly prolonged skin graft survival were observed in mice conditioned with high numbers of Phl p 5+ BMC or no sensitization events between the day of cell therapy and skin grafting. The data presented herein demonstrate that a pre-existing secondary allergen-specific immune response poses a substantial hurdle opposing tolerization through cell therapy and underscore the importance of prophylactic approaches for the prevention of IgE-mediated allergy.
Exploring Prior Antibiotic Exposure Characteristics for COVID-19 Hospital Admission Patients: OpenSAFELY
Authors: Yang Ya-Ting , Wong David , Zhong Xiaomin , Fahmi Ali , Ashcroft Darren M. , Hand Kieran , Massey Jon , Mackenna Brian , Mehrkar Amir , Bacon Sebastian , Goldacre Ben , Palin Victoria , van Staa Tjeerd
Published: June 2024

Previous studies have demonstrated the association between antibiotic use and severe COVID-19 outcomes. This study aimed to explore detailed antibiotic exposure characteristics among COVID-19 patients. Using the OpenSAFELY platform, which integrates extensive health data and covers 40% of the population in England, the study analysed 3.16 million COVID-19 patients with at least two prior antibiotic prescriptions. These patients were compared to up to six matched controls without hospitalisation records. A machine learning model categorised patients into ten groups based on their antibiotic exposure history over the three years before their COVID-19 diagnosis. The study found that for COVID-19 patients, the total number of prior antibiotic prescriptions, diversity of antibiotic types, broad-spectrum antibiotic prescriptions, time between first and last antibiotics, and recent antibiotic use were associated with an increased risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes. Patients in the highest decile of antibiotic exposure had an adjusted odds ratio of 4.8 for severe outcomes compared to those in the lowest decile. These findings suggest a potential link between extensive antibiotic use and the risk of severe COVID-19. This highlights the need for more judicious antibiotic prescribing in primary care, primarily for patients with higher risks of infection-related complications, which may better offset the potential adverse effects of repeated antibiotic use.
Analysis of the Dynamic Behavior of Multi-Layered Soil Grounds
Authors: Jin Yong , Jeong Sugeun , Moon Minseo , Kim Daehyeon
Published: June 2024

The ground consists of many layers of soil with different properties. The propagation speed and path of seismic waves are affected by different soil layers. It is necessary to understand that layered soil exhibits different dynamic behaviors and responses under the action of seismic waves. This study utilized weathered soil and silica sand as materials to create multi-layered soil conditions with varying degrees of compaction. By conducting a 1 g shaking-table test on multi-layered soil, the interactions and influences between different soil layers under different earthquake conditions were observed. The approach of our numerical analysis aimed to complement the experimental results and provide an in-depth understanding of the dynamic behavior of multi-layered soil surfaces during seismic events. The acceleration results achieved with the ABAQUS and DEEPSOIL models for multi-layered soil were in good agreement with the experimental results. By comparing the stress–strain curves, the deformation mechanisms under different constitutive models in the numerical analysis were studied. The results of this study show that the amplification effect of seismic waves is related to the number of soil layers and the degree of compaction of the soil layers. This indicates that multi-layered soil ground and the behavior of the soil layers play an important role in the propagation and impact of seismic waves, and this amplification effect is of great significance in the design of actual seismic disaster risk assessments.
Automatic Control of a Sunlight Reflector Board for Achieving the Sunlight Intensity Set by the Greenhouse Operator
Authors: Kim Jonghoek
Published: June 2024

This article proposes an autonomous greenhouse system which has a sunlight Reflector Board (RB). In general, a greenhouse, which grows leafy vegetables, utilizes artificial light, such as LED light, as a supplementary source of light. However, artificial light cannot be used as the main source of light for photosynthesis for various kinds of plants. Our article utilizes natural sunlight, instead of artificial light, for growing plants inside a greenhouse. We develop an autonomous system to control the amount of sunlight inside the greenhouse by controlling the angle of the RB, which is located in front of the greenhouse. Since the proposed greenhouse uses natural sunlight, one can grow various kinds of plants which cannot grow under artificial light. Suppose that we accumulate the RB angle data for one year. Since solar motion repeats every year, we can control the RB according to this accumulated angle data. In this way, we can reduce unnecessary RB controls, after running the system for more than a year. As far as we know, the proposed greenhouse system based on autonomous RB controls is novel, since we control RBs for providing optimal sunlight for plants inside the greenhouse. We perform experiments to demonstrate the performance of the proposed greenhouse system.
Modernization Data Analysis and Visualization for Food Safety Research Outcomes
Authors: Vargas David A. , Bueno López Rossy , Casas Diego E. , Osorio-Doblado Andrea M. , Rodríguez Karla M. , Vargas Nathaly , Gragg Sara E. , Brashears Mindy M. , Miller Markus F. , Sanchez-Plata Marcos X.
Published: June 2024

Appropriate data collection and using reliable and accurate procedures are the first steps in conducting an experiment that will provide trustworthy outcomes. It is key to perform an assertive statistical analysis and data visualization for a correct interpretation and communication of results. A clear statistical summary and presentation of the data is critical for the reader to easily process and comprehend experimental results. Nowadays, there are a series of different tools to perform proper statistical analysis and create elaborate graphs that will help readers to understand the data, identify trends, detect outliers, evaluate statistical outputs, etc. However, researchers that are beginning to navigate experiments do not frequently encounter a guide that can provide basic principal concepts to begin their statistical analysis and data presentation. Therefore, the objective of this article is to provide a guide or manual to analyze and presents results focused on different types of common food safety experiments, including method comparisons, intervention studies, pathogen presence experiments, bio-mapping, statistical process control, and shelf life experiments. This review will provide information about data visualization options and statistical analysis approaches for different food safety experiments. In addition, basic concepts about descriptive statistics and possible solutions for issues related to microbiological measurements will be discussed.
Empowering Large Language Models to Leverage Domain-Specific Knowledge in E-Learning
Authors: Lu Ruei-Shan , Lin Ching-Chang , Tsao Hsiu-Yuan
Published: June 2024

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in various natural language processing tasks. However, their performance in domain-specific contexts, such as E-learning, is hindered by the lack of specific domain knowledge. This paper adopts a novel approach of retrieval augment generation to empower LLMs with domain-specific knowledge in the field of E-learning. The approach leverages external knowledge sources, such as E-learning lectures or research papers, to enhance the LLM’s understanding and generation capabilities. Experimental evaluations demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of our approach compared to existing methods in capturing and generating E-learning-specific information.
Collision Study on New Aluminum Alloy W-Beam Guardrail
Authors: Wang Liang , Huang Xiaomin , Li Rui , Tang Zhiyi , Li Jun , Chen Dongyu
Published: June 2024

Highway guardrails are safety installations set along the sides or center of roads to prevent vehicles from veering off the roadway, thereby protecting pedestrians and vehicles. However, traditional W-beam guardrails have issues such as poor energy absorption, susceptibility to rust, short lifespan, and a high risk of vehicles running off the road during severe collisions. Therefore, this study employs the partial differential equations of the vertical motion of beams to investigate the relationship between the deformation of wave beams and their moment of inertia. The cross-sectional shape of traditional W-beam guardrails was optimized accordingly. Combining this with the high ductility of aluminum alloy Al 6061-T6, a new aluminum alloy W-beam guardrail was proposed. Finite element simulation models of traditional steel guardrails, new steel guardrails, and the new aluminum alloy guardrail were established to evaluate the performance of the three types of guardrails. The results show that the deformation of the wave beam is inversely proportional to the square root of its moment of inertia. Compared to traditional W-beam guardrails, the moment of inertia of the new guardrail’s cross-section increased by 28.6%. In finite element collision simulations, the new guardrail reduced deformation by 12.8%, lowered the risk of vehicles running off the road, and improved safety performance.
A Comparative Analysis of Low-Carbon Design Strategies for China’s Higher Education Parks Based on Building and Urban Scale in Sustainability Rating Systems
Authors: Li Qiyuan , Zeng Yu , Meng Yuanyue , Kong Weici , Pei Zhichao
Published: June 2024

In the global context of carbon neutrality, higher education parks are an important strategic position for achieving China’s goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutralization. Strategies from the perspective of life cycle to guide early low-carbon planning and design are an effective way to achieve carbon emission reduction goals. As the scale of university construction gradually expands, the “urban” attributes of them are becoming prominent. However, there is no quantitative study on analyzing the life cycle carbon emission strategies at both the building and urban scale based on sustainability rating systems. This study first extracts the design strategies according to BREEAM, LEED, DGNB and relative assessment standards for campuses and cities in China at the building and urban scale based on the 7-dimensional low-carbon strategy framework, then sorts out and compares the proportions of carbon-emission-related strategies across various dimensions and life cycle stages. It then summarizes the applications and concerns of low-carbon design strategies at different design scales. Finally, the weighting and calculation methods of life cycle carbon emissions in different sustainability rating systems are compared, the scope and methods of carbon emission benchmarks under different standards are compiled, and the evaluation method for locally applicable carbon emission benchmarks in China is proposed in light of China’s national conditions, which provides guidance for the design process and standard formulation.