bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of precipitation changes during tropical cyclone processes in China from 1980 to 2019
Authors: Zhai Guangran , Xu Wei , Su Peng , Qin Lianjie , Liao Xinli
Published: June 2024

Tropical cyclones (TCs) and their associated intense rainfall are among the most significant natural disasters. Exploring the characteristics of tropical cyclone precipitation (TCP) has always been a challenging issue in TC research. This study utilized the TC track data from the International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship and precipitation data from the multi-source weighted-ensemble precipitation covering the years 1980–2019, to examine shifts in precipitation rates and peak precipitation levels before and after TC landfall. The results highlight several key findings: (1) Precipitation during the TC landfall process is relatively stable beforehand but tends to decrease slightly after landfall. Generally, the maximum precipitation occurs during the landfall. (2) From 1980 to 2019, the rate of precipitation changes before landfall has significantly increased. Conversely, after the year 2000, the rate of precipitation changes after landfall has significantly decreased. (3) Over the past 40 years, while peak precipitation levels of landfalling TCs have remained relatively constant, the total precipitation has shown an increasing trend, particularly in regions like the main island of Hainan, southern Zhejiang, and Shanghai, which are characterized by high peak precipitation. The results help clarify the TC processes and provide reference points for parameter selection in regional TCP modeling.
Factors influencing the association between depressive symptoms and cardiovascular disease in US population
Authors: Ren Keming , Ma Yan , Chen Shuaijie , Wang Peng , Chen Zhezhe , Zhang Wuhua , Chen Yufei , Zhou Tianping , Bian Qianqian , Zhang Wenbin
Published: June 2024

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and depression are common diseases that lead to adverse health outcomes. Depressive Symptoms may be a risk factor for CVD. But few studies focused on the impact of socioeconomic factors, common medical history and dietary intake about this association. This study analyzed National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2016. Complex sampling-weighted logistic regression models were used to compare the odds ratios (ORs) of CVD in participants with different depressive symptoms. 11,516 NHANES participants aged ≥ 40 years were included in the final analysis, of whom 1842 had CVD. Compared with participants with no/minimal depression, participants with mild, moderate, and moderately severe/severe depression had OR values of 1.25 (95%  CI 1.01–1.54), 1.98 (95% CI 1.32–2.96), and 2.41 (95% CI 1.63–3.57). The association of depressive symptoms with CVD follow a dose-dependent pattern. The interactions of depressive symptoms with gender (Interaction P = 0.009), diabetes (Interaction P = 0.010), household income level (Interaction P = 0.002), dietary cholesterol intake (Interaction P = 0.017) on CVD were observed. More severe depressive symptoms are associated with increased risk of CVD in US population. The association may be more pronounced in the female population, population with diabetes, low family income level, or high dietary cholesterol intake.
Structure, gene composition, divergence time and phylogeny analysis of the woody desert species Neltuma alba, Neltuma chilensis and Strombocarpa strombulifera
Authors: Contreras-Díaz Roberto , Carevic Felipe S. , van den Brink Liesbeth , Huanca-Mamani Wilson , Jung Patrick
Published: June 2024

Neltuma alba (Algarrobo blanco), Neltuma chilensis (Algarrobo Chileno) and Strombocarpa strombulifera (Fortuna) are some of the few drought resistant trees and shrubs found in small highly fragmented populations, throughout the Atacama Desert. We reconstructed their plastid genomes using de novo assembly of paired-end reads from total genomic DNA. We found that the complete plastid genomes of N. alba and N. chilensis are larger in size compared to species of the Strombocarpa genus. The Strombocarpa species presented slightly more GC content than the Neltuma species. Therefore, we assume that Strombocarpa species have been exposed to stronger natural selection than Neltuma species. We observed high variation values in the number of cpSSRs (chloroplast simple sequence repeats) and repeated elements among Neltuma and Strombocarpa species. The p-distance results showed a low evolutionary divergence within the genus Neltuma, whereas a high evolutionary divergence was observed between Strombocarpa species. The molecular divergence time found in Neltuma and Strombocarpa show that these genera diverged in the late Oligocene. With this study we provide valuable information about tree species that provide important ecosystem services in hostile environments which can be used to determine these species in the geographically isolated communities, and keep the highly fragmented populations genetically healthy.
Forward programming of hiPSCs towards beta-like cells using Ngn3, Pdx1, and MafA
Authors: Jeyagaran Abiramy , Urbanczyk Max , Layland Shannon L. , Weise Frank , Schenke-Layland Katja
Published: June 2024

Transplantation of stem cell-derived β-cells is a promising therapeutic advancement in the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus. A current limitation of this approach is the long differentiation timeline that generates a heterogeneous population of pancreatic endocrine cells. To address this limitation, an inducible lentiviral overexpression system of mature β-cell markers was introduced into human induced-pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Following the selection of the successfully transduced hiPSCs, the cells were treated with doxycycline in the pancreatic progenitor induction medium to support their transition toward the pancreatic lineage. Cells cultured with doxycycline presented the markers of interest, NGN3, PDX1, and MAFA, after five days of culture, and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion assays demonstrated that the cells were glucose-responsive in a monolayer culture. When cultured as a spheroid, the markers of interest and insulin secretion in a static glucose-stimulated insulin secretion assay were maintained; however, insulin secretion upon consecutive glucose challenges was limited. Comparison to human fetal and adult donor tissues identified that although the hiPSC-derived spheroids present similar markers to adult insulin-producing cells, they are functionally representative of fetal development. Together, these results suggest that with optimization of the temporal expression of these markers, forward programming of hiPSCs towards insulin-producing cells could be a possible alternative for islet transplantation.
Serum cytokine dysregulation signatures associated with COVID-19 outcomes in high mortality intensive care unit cohorts across pandemic waves and variants
Authors: Maaß Henrike , Ynga-Durand Mario , Milošević Marko , Krstanović Fran , Matešić Marina Pribanić , Žuža Iva , Jonjić Stipan , Brizić Ilija , Šustić Alan , Bloos Frank ,   SepNet Critical Care Trials Group, Marx Gernot , Jaschinski Ulrich , Reinhart Konrad , Spies Claudia , Reil Lorenz , Putensen Christian , Ragaller Maximilian , Utzlino Stefan , Mörer Onnen , Gründling Matthias , Kluge Stefan , Nierhaus Axel , Welte Tobias , Bauer Michael , Bloos Frank , Ludwig Katrin , Kiehntopf Michael , Elke Gunnar , Bogatsch Holger , Engel Christoph , Loeffler Markus , Briegel Josef , Kaufmann Ines , John Stefan , Riessen Reimer , Meybohm Patrick , Protić Alen , Čičin-Šain Luka
Published: June 2024

The aim of this study was to characterize the systemic cytokine signature of critically ill COVID-19 patients in a high mortality setting aiming to identify biomarkers of severity, and to explore their associations with viral loads and clinical characteristics. We studied two COVID-19 critically ill patient cohorts from a referral centre located in Central Europe. The cohorts were recruited during the pre-alpha/alpha (November 2020 to April 2021) and delta (end of 2021) period respectively. We determined both the serum and bronchoalveolar SARS-CoV-2 viral load and identified the variant of concern (VoC) involved. Using a cytokine multiplex assay, we quantified systemic cytokine concentrations and analyzed their relationship with clinical findings, routine laboratory workup and pulmonary function data obtained during the ICU stay. Patients who did not survive had a significantly higher systemic and pulmonary viral load. Patients infected with the pre-alpha VoC showed a significantly lower viral load in comparison to those infected with the alpha- and delta-variants. Levels of systemic CTACK, M-CSF and IL-18 were significantly higher in non-survivors in comparison to survivors. CTACK correlated directly with APACHE II scores. We observed differences in lung compliance and the association between cytokine levels and pulmonary function, dependent on the VoC identified. An intra-cytokine analysis revealed a loss of correlation in the non-survival group in comparison to survivors in both cohorts. Critically ill COVID-19 patients exhibited a distinct systemic cytokine profile based on their survival outcomes. CTACK, M-CSF and IL-18 were identified as mortality-associated analytes independently of the VoC involved. The Intra-cytokine correlation analysis suggested the potential role of a dysregulated systemic network of inflammatory mediators in severe COVID-19 mortality.
A real-world pharmacovigilance study on cardiovascular adverse events of tisagenlecleucel using machine learning approach
Authors: Jung Juhong , Kim Ju Hwan , Bae Ji-Hwan , Woo Simon S. , Lee Hyesung , Shin Ju-Young
Published: June 2024

Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapies are a paradigm-shifting therapeutic in patients with hematological malignancies. However, some concerns remain that they may cause serious cardiovascular adverse events (AEs), for which data are scarce. In this study, gradient boosting machine algorithm-based model was fitted to identify safety signals of serious cardiovascular AEs reported for tisagenlecleucel in the World Health Organization Vigibase up until February 2024. Input dataset, comprised of positive and negative controls of tisagenlecleucel based on its labeling information and literature search, was used to train the model. Then, we implemented the model to calculate the predicted probability of serious cardiovascular AEs defined by preferred terms included in the important medical event list from European Medicine Agency. There were 467 distinct AEs from 3,280 safety cases reports for tisagenlecleucel, of which 363 (77.7%) were classified as positive controls, 66 (14.2%) as negative controls, and 37 (7.9%) as unknown AEs. The prediction model had area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.76 in the test dataset application. Of the unknown AEs, six cardiovascular AEs were predicted as the safety signals: bradycardia (predicted probability 0.99), pleural effusion (0.98), pulseless electrical activity (0.89), cardiotoxicity (0.83), cardio-respiratory arrest (0.69), and acute myocardial infarction (0.58). Our findings underscore vigilant monitoring of acute cardiotoxicities with tisagenlecleucel therapy.
Numerical simulation and theoretical study on the impact of wind-sand flow of high-speed trains in long tunnel space
Authors: Li Shiqun , Dong Sihui , Li Yonghua , Zhou Liping
Published: June 2024

When high-speed trains (HST) run in enclosed spaces such as long tunnels, the thermal accumulation of their suspension devices is continuous and cannot be effectively dissipated. In addition, previous experiments or simulations for the heat dissipation of HST in tunnel spaces did not consider the impact of sand. To clarify the impact of HWS-LT on the heat accumulation of HST equipment cabin, this study used the CFD method to numerically simulate the impact of different wind-sand flow concentrations or no-sand wind on the cooling of equipment in the long tunnel space. Firstly, the sand particles in the wind-sand flow gather at the tunnel entrance and enter the equipment cabin with the train as it enters the tunnel. This boundary condition is more in line with actual engineering situations. Secondly, both flows show asymmetric intrusion into the cabin due to the asymmetrical tunnel arrangement, but the sand particles in the wind-sand flow are affected by the vortices and tunnel walls, resulting in more asymmetric flow and some particles being trapped in the grids or filters, leading to outflow ρ

Q
 < inflow ρ

Q

. Under the wind-sand flow condition, the temperature of some equipment surfaces shows more significant increases than under the no-sand wind. Finally, contrary to popular perception, the wind-sand flow carrying sand particles can dissipate heat more effectively than no-sand wind, and the higher the volume fraction φ within a certain concentration range, the better the heat dissipation effect. This is because the wind-sand flow has a higher specific heat capacity, which can remove some heat from the contact point between the sand particles and the equipment wall upon contact. The higher sand particle concentration increases the contact frequency and contact area between the sand particles and the equipment wall, and the heat transfer pathway and heat dissipation efficiency are improved.
Prenatal family income, but not parental education, is associated with resting brain activity in 1-month-old infants
Authors: Sandre Aislinn , Troller-Renfree Sonya V. , Giebler Melissa A. , Meyer Jerrold S. , Noble Kimberly G.
Published: June 2024

Childhood socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with disparities in development and health, possibly through adaptations in children’s brain function. However, it is not clear how early in development such neural adaptations might emerge. This study examined whether prenatal family socioeconomic status, operationalized as family income and average years of parental education, prospectively predicts individual differences in infant resting electroencephalography (EEG; theta, alpha, beta, and gamma power) at approximately 1 month of age (N = 160). Infants of mothers reporting lower family income showed more lower-frequency (theta) and less higher-frequency (beta and gamma) power. These associations held when adjusting for other prenatal and postnatal experiences, as well as infant demographic and health-related factors. In contrast, parental education was not significantly associated with infant EEG power in any frequency band. These data suggest that lower prenatal family income is associated with developmental differences in brain function that are detectable within the first month of life.
Little associations exist between the three commonly used functional screening tests in collegiate athletes
Authors: Asgari Mojtaba , Alizadeh Mohammad Hossein , Naderi Mohsen , Abshenas Ehsan , Sahebozamani Mansour , Yazdani Shirin , Nolte Kevin , Alizadeh Shahab , Mohammadi Mohammadreza , kooroshfard Negar , Arghadeh Ramin , Jaitner Thomas
Published: June 2024

Although an abundant number of studies have investigated the predictability of the commonly used functional screening tests and despite their popularity and applicability, the relationships between these tests have rarely been studied and have not been well established. This study aimed to examine the potential association between the Functional Movement Screen (FMS), Y Balance Test (YBT), and Landing Error Scoring System (LESS). Six hundred twenty-seven Iranian collegiate athletes (347 males, age = 22.63 ± 4.07, weight = 75.98 ± 13.79, height = 181.99 ± 10.15, BMI = 22.84 ± 3.16; and 280 females, age = 22.22 ± 3.37, weight = 60.63 ± 9.58, height = 166.55 ± 6.49, BMI = 21.81 ± 2.84) participated in this study. Following a 5-min warm-up, each participant underwent a standardized screening battery including the FMS, YBT, and LESS, and the scores were recorded and live coded for the statistical analysis, except for the LESS. The LESS tests were video recorded and scored by one expert examiner using an open-source 2D video analysis software (Kinovea- version 0.9.5), afterwards. The Spearman correlation was utilized as a measure for the correlation, and the Mann‒Whitney U test with a significance level of 0.05 was used to check the differences between male and female athletes. The statistical analysis was performed with RStudio 2023.03.0 using R 4.3.1. A small correlation (0.364) was observed between the FMS composite score and the YBT in male athletes. All other pairwise correlations were negligible among male and female athletes, ranging from − 0.096 to 0.294. Reducing the FMS to the component scores targeting the lower extremities did not alter the correlation to the other screening scores. The median FMS composite score in female athletes was significantly higher than that in males (p < 0.001). Negligible correlations exist between the FMS, LESS, and YBT; they do not measure the same values and therefore are irreplaceable with one another. A combination of these tests as a standardized screening battery may potentially better identify injury-predisposed athletes than the application of each test as a stand-alone screening test. Females outperformed males in the FMS test significantly, so sex must be considered a key variable in the FMS studies. Males had slightly higher LESS scores (median difference = 0.5) than females, but this difference is not clinically meaningful. Future research should continue to explore the relationships between various functional screening tests and identify the most effective combinations for comprehensive assessment in different populations and sports disciplines.
Tumor cell enrichment by tissue suspension improves sensitivity to copy number variation in diffuse gastric cancer with low tumor content
Authors: Hatakeyama Keiichi , Muramatsu Koji , Nagashima Takeshi , Ichida Hiroyuki , Kawanishi Yuichi , Fukumura Ryutaro , Ohshima Keiichi , Shimoda Yuji , Ohnami Sumiko , Ohnami Shumpei , Maruyama Koji , Naruoka Akane , Kenmotsu Hirotsugu , Urakami Kenichi , Akiyama Yasuto , Sugino Takashi , Yamaguchi Ken
Published: June 2024

The detection of copy number variations (CNVs) and somatic mutations in cancer is important for the selection of specific drugs for patients with cancer. In cancers with sporadic tumor cells, low tumor content prevents the accurate detection of somatic alterations using targeted sequencing. To efficiently identify CNVs, we performed tumor cell enrichment using tissue suspensions of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue sections with low tumor cell content. Tumor-enriched and residual fractions were separated from FFPE tissue suspensions of intestinal and diffuse-type gastric cancers containing sporadic tumor cells, and targeted sequencing was performed on 225 cancer-related genes. Sequencing of a targeted panel of cancer-related genes using tumor-enriched fractions increased the number of detectable CNVs and the copy number of amplified genes. Furthermore, CNV analysis using the normal cell-enriched residual fraction as a reference for CNV scoring allowed targeted sequencing to detect CNV characteristics of diffuse-type gastric cancer with low tumor content. Our approach improves the CNV detection rate in targeted sequencing with tumor enrichment and the accuracy of CNV detection in archival samples without paired blood.
Exposure to iodine, essential and non-essential trace element through seaweed consumption in humans
Authors: Barandiaran Leyre Notario , Taylor Vivien F. , Karagas Margaret R.
Published: June 2024

Seaweed consumption has gained popularity due to its nutritional value and potential health benefits. However, concerns regarding the bioaccumulation of several trace elements highlight the need for comprehensive studies on exposure associated with seaweed consumption. To address this gap in knowledge, we carried out a feeding intervention study of three common edible seaweeds (Nori, Kombu, and Wakame) in 11 volunteers, aiming to elucidate the extent of both beneficial and harmful trace element exposure through seaweed consumption in humans. Concentrations of total arsenic, cobalt, copper, cadmium, iodine, molybdenum, selenium, and zinc were measured in urine samples before and following seaweed consumption. Elements concentrations were also measured in the seaweeds provided for the study. Descriptive analysis for each element were conducted and we used quantile g-computation approach to assess the association between the 8-element mixture and seaweed consumption. Differences in urine element concentrations and seaweed consumption were analyzed using generalized estimating equations (GEE). Urinary concentrations of iodine and total arsenic increased after seaweed consumption. When we analyze the 8-element mixture, the largest weight was observed for iodine after Kombu consumption while for total arsenic was observed after Wakame consumption. Similar results were observed when we compared the mean differences between the elements before and after seaweed consumption through the GEE. Seaweed consumption relates with increased urinary iodine and total arsenic concentrations, particularly after Kombu and Wakame consumption.
Untargeted metabolomics reveal signatures of a healthy lifestyle
Authors: Pathmasiri Wimal , Rushing Blake R. , McRitchie Susan , Choudhari Mansi , Du Xiuxia , Smirnov Alexsandr , Pelleigrini Matteo , Thompson Michael J. , Sakaguchi Camila A. , Nieman David C. , Sumner Susan J.
Published: June 2024

This cross-sectional study investigated differences in the plasma metabolome in two groups of adults that were of similar age but varied markedly in body composition and dietary and physical activity patterns. Study participants included 52 adults in the lifestyle group (LIFE) (28 males, 24 females) and 52 in the control group (CON) (27 males, 25 females). The results using an extensive untargeted ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) metabolomics analysis with 10,535 metabolite peaks identified 486 important metabolites (variable influence on projections scores of VIP ≥ 1) and 16 significantly enriched metabolic pathways that differentiated LIFE and CON groups. A novel metabolite signature of positive lifestyle habits emerged from this analysis highlighted by lower plasma levels of numerous bile acids, an amino acid profile characterized by higher histidine and lower glutamic acid, glutamine, β-alanine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and proline, an elevated vitamin D status, higher levels of beneficial fatty acids and gut microbiome catabolism metabolites from plant substrates, and reduced levels of N-glycan degradation metabolites and environmental contaminants. This study established that the plasma metabolome is strongly associated with body composition and lifestyle habits. The robust lifestyle metabolite signature identified in this study is consistent with an improved life expectancy and a reduced risk for chronic disease.
Burden of diseases due to high systolic blood pressure in the Middle East and North Africa region from 1990 to 2019
Authors: Safiri Saeid , Mousavi Seyed Ehsan , Motlagh Asghari Kimia , Nejadghaderi Seyed Aria , Aletaha Reza , Sullman Mark J. M. , Singh Kuljit , Kolahi Ali-Asghar , Beyranvand Mohammad Reza
Published: June 2024

High systolic blood pressure (HSBP) is associated with several metabolic and non-metabolic disorders. This research aimed to document the deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) attributable to HSBP in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region between 1990 and 2019, by age, sex, underlying cause and socio-demographic index (SDI). We used the methodological framework and data drawn from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019 to identify the burden of diseases attributable to HSBP, from 1990 to 2019, in the MENA region. The estimates reported were presented as counts, population-attributable fractions, and age-standardised rates (per 100,000), along with 95% uncertainty intervals. In 2019, 803.6 thousand (687.1 to 923.8) deaths were attributed to HSBP in MENA, which accounted for 25.9% (22.9–28.6%) of all deaths. The number of regional DALYs caused by HSBP in 2019 was 19.0 million (16.3–21.9 million), which accounted for 11.6% (10.1–13.3%) of all DALYs, and was 23.4% (15.9–31.5%) lower than in 1990. The highest age-standardised DALY rate for 2019 was observed in Afghanistan, with the lowest in Kuwait. Additionally, the DALY rate in MENA rose with age for both sexs. Furthermore, a negative linear relationship was found between SDI and the age-standardised DALY rates. The region has a substantial HSBP-related burden. Policymakers and healthcare professionals should prioritize interventions that effectively promote the early detection of HSBP, access to quality healthcare, and lifestyle modifications to mitigate the HSBP burden in the MENA countries.
Extent of global decarbonization of the power sector through energy policies and governance capacity
Authors: Peng Xu , Sun Laixiang , Feng Kuishuang , Zhong Honglin , Liang Jing , Zhang Chao , Zhao Dandan , Chen Hong , Long Ruyin , Xing Zhencheng , Hubacek Klaus
Published: June 2024

During the 2007-2008 global financial crisis, many countries enacted clean energy policies as a part of their economic stimulus packages. These policies are believed to have contributed to a significant reduction in the CO2intensity of electricity. Here we conduct a retrospective overview and evaluation of energy policies’ effectiveness in reducing the CO2intensity of electricity. We utilize governance capacity as a measure of policy implementation stringency, and the interaction between governance capacity and the number of categorized policies to adjust policy variables for governance effectiveness. We distinguish between the short- and long-term effects of these policies to investigate the impacts of policy instruments on CO2mitigation. The results suggest that the increased policy efforts, when executed with effective governance, have led to long-term cumulative effects. Our findings provide insights into the spatiotemporal dynamics of energy policies in CO2mitigation, serving as a reference for policymakers in the post-COVID-19 era.
Cardiotoxic profiles of CAR-T therapy and bispecific T-cell engagers in hematological cancers
Authors: Karthikeyan Badri , Sunder Sunitha Shyam , Puzanov Igor , Olejniczak Scott H. , Pokharel Saraswati , Sharma Umesh C.
Published: June 2024

Background

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy and bispecific T-cell engagers, which redirect T-cells to tumor antigens, have immensely benefitted patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell cancers. How these therapies differ in cardiotoxicity is underexplored. We used the World Health Organization pharmacovigilance database, VigiBase, to compare cardiotoxicity profiles between CD19-targeted CAR-T therapy and blinatumomab (a CD19/CD3-targeted bispecific T-cell engager).

Methods

Safety reports in VigiBase were filtered for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL, n = 17,479) and acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL, n = 28,803) for all adverse reactions. Data were further filtered for patients taking CAR-T therapy or blinatumomab. Reporting odds ratios (ROR) and fatality rates were compared between CAR-T cell products (e.g. tisagenlecleucel and axicabtagene ciloleucel), and between CAR-T therapy and blinatumomab.

Results

Tisagenlecleucel is associated with cardiac failure (IC025 = 0.366) with fatality rates of 85.7% and 80.0% in DLBCL and pediatric ALL patients respectively. For DLBCL patients, axicabtagene ciloleucel has greater reporting for hypotension than tisagenlecleucel (ROR: 2.54; 95% CI: 1.28–5.03; p = 0.012), but tisagenlecleucel has higher fatality rates for hypotension than axicabtagene ciloleucel [50.0% (tisagenlecleucel) vs 5.6% (axicabtagene ciloleucel); p < 0.001]. Blinatumomab and tisagenlecleucel have similar fatality rates for hypotension in pediatric ALL patients [34.7% (tisagenlecleucel) vs 20.0% (blinatumomab); p = 0.66].

Conclusions

Tisagenlecleucel is associated with severe and fatal adverse cardiac events, with higher fatality rates for hypotension compared to axicabtagene ciloleucel in DLBCL patients, but similar hypotension fatality rates compared to blinatumomab in pediatric ALL patients. Effective management necessitates experienced physicians, including cardio-oncologists, skilled in interdisciplinary approaches to manage these toxicities.
Dynamical and combinatorial coding by MAPK p38 and NFκB in the inflammatory response of macrophages
Authors: Luecke Stefanie , Guo Xiaolu , Sheu Katherine M , Singh Apeksha , Lowe Sarina C , Han Minhao , Diaz Jessica , Lopes Francisco , Wollman Roy , Hoffmann Alexander
Published: June 2024

Macrophages sense pathogens and orchestrate specific immune responses. Stimulus specificity is thought to be achieved through combinatorial and dynamical coding by signaling pathways. While NFκB dynamics are known to encode stimulus information, dynamical coding in other signaling pathways and their combinatorial coordination remain unclear. Here, we established live-cell microscopy to investigate how NFκB and p38 dynamics interface in stimulated macrophages. Information theory and machine learning revealed that p38 dynamics distinguish cytokine TNF from pathogen-associated molecular patterns and high doses from low, but contributed little to information-rich NFκB dynamics when both pathways are considered. This suggests that immune response genes benefit from decoding immune signaling dynamics or combinatorics, but not both. We found that the heterogeneity of the two pathways is surprisingly uncorrelated. Mathematical modeling revealed potential sources of uncorrelated heterogeneity in the branched pathway network topology and predicted it to drive gene expression variability. Indeed, genes dependent on both p38 and NFκB showed high scRNAseq variability and bimodality. These results identify combinatorial signaling as a mechanism to restrict NFκB-AND-p38-responsive inflammatory cytokine expression to few cells.
Electrocatalytic formate and alcohol oxidation by hydride transfer at first-row transition metal complexes
Authors: White Navar M. , Waldie Kate M.
Published: June 2024

This Frontier article highlights the key advances in electrocatalytic formate and alcohol oxidation using first-row transition metal-hydride catalysts, and offers insights into the remaining challenges and future research directions for this field.
A magnetic plasma Fe3O4@Cu@Cu2O photoelectrochemical sensor for the detection of fumonisin B1
Authors: Xue Xiaodong , Leng Yanqiu , Li Yanmei , Zhang Jinhuan
Published: June 2024

Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a mycotoxin, a water-soluble metabolite produced by Fusarium cepacia, which mainly contaminates grain and its products and is acutely toxic and potentially carcinogenic to certain domestic animals.
Exploiting the potential of calcined sodium citrate as a novel and efficient heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel synthesis
Authors: Duarte Michelle Pains , Naccache Rafik
Published: June 2024

Calcined sodium citrate as a novel and cost-effective heterogeneous catalyst with outstanding efficiency in the transesterification of canola and waste cooking oils.
Preparation and photocatalytic activity of TiO2photonic crystals modified by bimetallic Ag–Pt nanostructures
Authors: Stępnik Joanna , Kisielewska Aneta , Piwoński Ireneusz
Published: June 2024

To better understand the interactions between TiO2 photonic crystals (PC) and metallic nanostructures (MNSs), we studied the slow photon effects in PC and electron trapping taking place in MNSs on the photocatalytic decomposition of rhodamine B.
Hydrogen production by a fully de novo enzyme
Authors: Berglund Sigrid , Bassy Clara , Kaya Ibrahim , Andrén Per E. , Shtender Vitalii , Lasagna Mauricio , Tommos Cecilia , Magnuson Ann , Glover Starla D.
Published: June 2024

Artificial hydrogenases based on designed protein-inorganic hybrids are a promising venue to improve catalysis for sustainable fuel production.
Harnessing plasma-generated reactive species for the synthesis of different phases of molybdenum oxide to study adsorption and photocatalytic activity
Authors: Kalita Parismita , Boruah Palash Jyoti , Pal A. R. , Bailung H.
Published: June 2024

This work includes the fabrication and growth mechanism of MoO3 through plasma–liquid interaction, offering insights into the phase formation and the role of in situ plasma-generated NO3−/NO2− and H+ species.
Greater adherence to the Mediterranean Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet is associated with lower risk of inflammatory bowel disease: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Ye Shuyu , Sun Yuhao , Chen Xuejie , Fu Tian , Ruan Xixian , Dan Lintao , Chen Jie , Du Zhongyan , Wang Xiaoyan
Published: June 2024

Greater adherence to the MIND diet was associated with a lower risk of inflammatory bowel disease, with inflammatory and metabolic conditions partially mediating this association.
Amelioration of walnut, peony seed and camellia seed oils againstd-galactose-induced cognitive impairment in mice by regulating gut microbiota
Authors: Kang Ting , Zheng Jingyi , Jiang Chao , Jin Lihua , Li Cong , Chen Bang , Shen Yehua
Published: June 2024

Diet adjustment will affect the health of gut microbiota, which in turn influences the development and function of the organism's brain through the gut–brain axis.
Rapid cellular uptake of citrate-coated iron oxide nanoparticles unaffected by cell-surface glycosaminoglycans
Authors: Kampen Lena , Remmo Amani , Twamley Shailey Gale , Weller Andrea , Stach Anke , Turko Paul , Löwa Norbert , Wiekhorst Frank , Ludwig Antje
Published: June 2024

The study investigates the role of cell-surface glycosaminoglycans during the rapid uptake of Synomag®-COOH, a promising MPI-tracer.
Electric field-modulated evaporative thin film deposition of bio-particles for piezoelectric applications
Authors: Mhatre Sameer , Niu Xun , Bautista Gio F. , Sumanasinghe Sajana , Rojas Orlando J.
Published: June 2024

Weak electric fields in confined evaporative deposition for casting ultra-thin piezoelectric bioparticle films.
Design and synthesis of a nucleobase functionalized peptide hydrogel: in vitro assessment of anti-inflammatory and wound healing effects
Authors: Bhowmik Sourav , Baral Budhadev , Rit Tanmay , Jha Hem Chandra , Das Apurba K.
Published: June 2024

Over the past several years, a significant increase in the expanding field of biomaterial sciences has been observed due to the development of biocompatible materials based on peptide derivatives that have intrinsic therapeutic potential.
Metal element-fusion peptide heterostructured nanocoatings endow polyetheretherketone implants with robust anti-bacterial activities and in vivo osseointegration
Authors: Yang Hao , Ding Haiyang , Tian Yu , Wu Chao , Chen Yanbai , Shi Hongxing , Chan Yau Kei , Deng Yi , Liao Li , Lai Shuangquan
Published: June 2024

Nutritional metal element-fusion peptide heterostructured nanocoating-decorated PEEK implants were fabricated for photoactivated pathogen disinfection, enhanced angiogenesis, and osteogenesis, promoting improved osseointegration.
Numerical simulation to optimize power conversion efficiency of an FTO/GO/Cs2AgBiBr6/Cu2O solar cell
Authors: Mustafa Ghulam M. , Younas Bisma , Saba Sadaf , Elqahtani Zainab Mufarreh , Alwadai Norah , Aftab Sikandar
Published: June 2024

Efficient conversion of solar power to electrical power through the development of smart, reliable, and environmentally friendly materials is a key focus for the next-generation renewable energy sector.
Conversion of C8 aromatics over a dual-bed catalyst
Authors: Feng Peixi , Kang Chenglin , Zhou Zhenhuan , Yue Xin , Liu Zhongxun , Gai Yueting , Shi Junjun , Zong Baoning
Published: June 2024

The isomerization of xylene occurs on a dual-bed catalyst, comprising an upper layer of SiO2-covered ZSM-5 and a lower layer of ZSM-39. The double-layer catalyst exhibits superior catalytic performance compared to its single-layer counterpart.
Nucleophilic fluorine substitution reaction of α-carbonyl benzyl bromide, phenylthiofluoroalkyl bromide, and 2-bromo-2-phenoxyacetonitrile
Authors: Mizuta Satoshi , Yamaguchi Tomoko , Ishikawa Takeshi
Published: June 2024

This manuscript discloses the nucleophilic fluorination of various alkylbromides using EtN3·3HF, producing monofluorinated compounds including tertiary benzylfluoride.
Impact of POM's coordination mode and Mo-hybrid constituents on the binding, stability, and catalytic properties of hybrid (pre)catalysts
Authors: Pisk Jana , Vrdoljak Višnja , Mandarić Mirna , Hrenar Tomica , Agustin Dominique , Rubčić Mirta
Published: June 2024

POM-based hybrids have been synthesized and used as (pre)catalyst. Quantum chemical calculations have been applied to evaluate the hybridtype stability.
Selective electrooxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 5-formyl-furan-2-formic acid on non-metallic polyaniline catalysts: structure–function relationships
Authors: Lu Xingyu , Qi Ke , Dai Xueya , Li Yunlong , Wang Di , Dou Jing , Qi Wei
Published: June 2024

The PANI/CP non-metallic catalyst exhibits optimized FFCA selectivity up to 76% inalkaline media. Both N3 and N4 species are proved responsible for adsorption and activation of HMF, and the intrinsic activity of N4 is higher than that of N3.
Plateau–Rayleigh instability of a soft layer coated on a rigid cylinder
Authors: Bharti  , Carlson Andreas , Chan Tak Shing
Published: June 2024

We study the Plateau–Rayleigh instability of a soft viscoelastic solid layer coated on a rigid cylinder i.e., a soft fibre with a rigid core.
Microscopic molecular mobility of high-performance polymers of intrinsic microporosity revealed by neutron scattering – bend fluctuations and signature of methyl group rotation
Authors: Zorn Reiner , Szymoniak Paulina , Kolmangadi Mohamed A. , Malpass-Evans Richard , McKeown Neil B. , Jalarvo Niina H. , Tyagi Madhusudan , Böhning Martin , Schönhals Andreas
Published: June 2024

Polymers of intrinsic microporosity exhibit a combination of high gas permeability and reasonable selectivity, which makes them attractive candidates for gas separation membranes.
Mechanical characterization of soft biomaterials: which time and spatial scale to choose?
Authors: Krivega Ekaterina S. , Kotova Svetlana L. , Timashev Peter S. , Efremov Yuri M.
Published: June 2024

Four different mechanical testing techniques were applied for the characterization of three soft gels. Both the temporal and spatial scales inherent in each technique are important for characterization of heterogeneous viscoelastic materials.
Sandwiching high energy frameworks by taking advantage of π-philic molecular recognition
Authors: Singh Jatinder , Staples Richard J. , Fabin Magdalena , Shreeve Jean'ne M.
Published: June 2024

Development of insensitive sandwich energetic materials by taking advantage of π-philic molecular recognition.
Smart three-phase interface heterojunctions for effective photo(electro)catalytic N2 reduction to ammonia
Authors: Pizarro Alejandro Herrero , Fermoso Javier , García-Tecedor Miguel , Barawi Mariam , de la Peña O'Shea Víctor A. , Collado Laura
Published: June 2024

Light-driven three-phase interface catalysts for the production of green ammonia as one of the key future energy carriers for the net-zero carbon landscape.
Fabrication of efficient and red-emissive salicylaldehyde Schiff base isomers for multi-scenario information decryption
Authors: Zhong Weiren , Wu Yanchen , Lin Yuting , Li Shouji , Zhang Jianyu , Cai Xu-Min
Published: June 2024

This work proposes a general strategy for constructing efficient and red-emissive salicylaldehyde Schiff bases with both AIE and stimuli-responsive properties for multi-scenario information decryption.
Malate dehydrogenase in plants: evolution, structure, and a myriad of functions
Authors: Baird Lisa M. , Berndsen Christopher E. , Monroe Jonathan D.
Published: June 2024

Malate dehydrogenase (MDH) catalyzes the interconversion of oxaloacetate and malate coupled to the oxidation/reduction of coenzymes NAD(P)H/NAD(P)+. While most animals have two isoforms of MDH located in the cytosol and mitochondria, all major groups of land plants have at least six MDHs localized to the cytosol, mitochondria, plastids, and peroxisomes. This family of enzymes participates in important reactions in plant cells including photosynthesis, photorespiration, lipid metabolism, and NH4+ metabolism. MDH also helps to regulate the energy balance in the cell and may help the plant cope with various environmental stresses. Despite their functional diversity, all of the plant MDH enzymes share a similar structural fold and act as dimers. In this review, we will introduce readers to our current understanding of the plant MDHs, including their evolution, structure, and function. The focus will be on the MDH enzymes of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana.
Evaluation of natural environmental radioactivity in the soil of some schools in Baghdad Governorate, Iraq
Authors: Majid Hameed Doaa
Published: June 2024

The study involved the collection of soil samples from several schools across the Baghdad governorate. The precise activity levels of 238U and 232Th, and 40K were between 3.2 ± 1.3 and 20.6 ± 0.2 Bq/kg, with an average of 22.1 ± 1.118.22 Bq/kg, or 122.0-4.8 Bq/kg. The outcomes of Raeq, Hex, Hin, I?, and Ia are listed in Table 2. From this Table, Raeq values range from 24.4 to 84.4 Bq/kg, with an average value of 45.35 ±3.603 Bq/kg. Additionally, the Hex, Hin, I? and Ia values range from 0.042 to 0.228, with an average value of 0.1156-0.08, from 0.049 to 0.284, with an average value of 0.1385-0.09, from 0.194 to 0.636, with an average value of 0.3289-0.02, and from 0.031 to 0.103, with an average value of 0.041-0. 015, respectively. Some schools in the Baghdad region have soil that is over the international limit for soil radioactivity, as a result, it is safe for humans to be near them.
Main representatives of the natural origin of the Genus Salix L. in the southern regions of Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Absatarov Ravshanbek , Mamasadyk uulu Arstanbek , Samieva Jyrgal
Published: June 2024

This article describes the distribution of the main representatives of the natural origin of the willow genus in the southern regions of Kyrgyzstan. Studying the distribution of willow has practical significance for forestry, nature conservation, and landscape design. Willows are widely used in landscaping city parks, restoring river banks and protected areas. In addition, willows are valuable tree and shrubbery species used in forestry and agriculture. The purpose of the study is to identify the species composition of common representatives of the genus Salix L. of the Salicaceae Mirb family on the territory of the southern region of Kyrgyzstan. The distribution of tree and shrubbery species of the willow genus is a complex and multifaceted topic that requires further research. Willows are important components of biodiversity and ecosystems, and studying their distribution helps to understand the processes of formation and preservation of the living nature. The article is based on the results of field research conducted in various locations in southern Kyrgyzstan. The distribution of willow has a significant impact on nature, since these plants are able to adapt to different climatic and soil conditions. The results of the study showed that 20 species of the willow genus grow in the southern regions of Kyrgyzstan, and we emphasize their importance for biological diversity and ecosystem processes. The research findings can be useful for scientists, conservationists, and professionals in the field of forestry and horticulture.
Qualitative and quantitative determination of ferulic acid by HPTLC and HPLC methods in root resin of Ferula Tadshikorum
Authors: Barakaeva Dildora , Mukarramov Nuritdin , Babekov Anarbay , Zhamolova Lola , Turatbekov Maksatbek
Published: June 2024

Fast, simple, accurate, specific and reliable methods of HPTLC and HPLC have been developed and proposed, which can be used for the analysis of ferulic acid in plant extracts. The HPTLC method is economical because it uses a very small number of mobile phases that effectively dissolve ferulic acid, and the sample purification procedure associated with it is minimal. The developed methods can be widely used to determine the quality of Ferula tadshikorum resin and formulations containing it.
Towards Sustainable Energy Conversion: Green Synthesis of Nanostructured Catalysts
Authors: Vatin Nikolai Ivanovich , Pandey Alok Kumar , Singh Takveer , Samrat Bhavuk , Prasanna J. Lakshmi , Talukdar Soumita
Published: June 2024

This work investigates the development, characterization, and evaluation of nanostructured catalysts intended especially for environmentally benign energy conversion. We developed nanostructured catalysts by modifying the sol-gel method and varying the precursor material and reaction conditions ratios. The morphological differences between the synthesised catalysts were shown. Among catalyst 3's best features were its large surface area and pore volume. Noteworthy activity and selectivity were shown by catalyst 3. Low overpotential was attained along with high current density and faradaic efficiency. The stability studies proved that Catalyst 3 was durable since, over many cycles, its electrochemical performance scarcely altered. The requirement of carefully adjusting the synthesis conditions to tailor nanostructured catalysts for specific energy conversion applications is highlighted by these findings. The main objectives going forward should be to enhance the processes involved in producing anything and to find novel chemical combinations that may accelerate the effective and environmentally benign conversion of energy. By addressing these problems, nanostructured catalysts have the potential to greatly progress renewable energy technology and lessen environmental impact worldwide.
The impact of carbon polygons on regional economies and businesses
Authors: Arbievich Magomedov Islam , Azisovich Mustafaev Timur , Bagov Artur
Published: June 2024

New challenges require complex and innovative approaches that would have long effect on different aspects. Global warming and overpopulation are one of the tending issues that negatively influence our nature. Technological progress has a positive influence on some aspects and similarly have negative impact on environment. Therefore, new technologies do not solve the emerging problem, and, hence more specific and targeting approach is required. Carbon polygons are built in favour to understand how negative effect on environment can be managed in a more innovative approach. It is believed that these polygons will play a major role in fighting environmental issues. The work is done to explain the meaning of the carbon polygons and its effect on environment. The focus of the article will be on the economic side of the issue. How the implementation of the approach will effect on economy of the region.