bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sobre a emerxencia de traxedias de anticomúns. Acuicultura en Portugal: o caso Acuinova
Authors: Pacheco Coelho Manuel , Filipe José Antonio , Ferreira Manuel Alberto
Published: February 2020

O propósito deste artigo é utilizar a conceptualización dos anticomúns para estudar o dese-ño e implementación da política da acuicultura en Portugal e discutir a posible aparición dunha "tra-xedia dos anticomúns" ao profundar no difícil proceso de aprobación e execución de proxectos de acuicultura nas zonas costeiras de Portugal. A introdución dos chamados PIN (Proxectos de Interese Nacional) na política industrial portuguesa e os cambios nos procedementos burocráticos asociados a ela suxiren a posibilidade, a través da política pública, de que se produzan os funestos efectos da traxedia.
Hybrid Approach for Automatic Drug Dispensing and Control
Authors:   Chitkara University, Punjab, India, KUMAR NAVEEN , PANDA S.N. ,   Chitkara University, Punjab, India, PRADHAN PREETHI ,   Chitkara University, Punjab, India
Published: February 2020

Clinical scenario for critically ill patients involves large number of medical devices, such as, bed side monitors that provide vital information about the admitted patient. Critically ill patients need prompt and perfect decision, so that lifesaving drugs can be delivered at a proper time. Moreover suggestions/ recommendations of a super specialist doctor may also be required in hospitals. The main problem in hospitals is lack of specialist doctors, so, patients are not able to approach to them on time. Automatic drug delivery using microprocessor/ microcontroller has improved tremendously in recent years due to advancement in Information and Communication Technology (ICT). This paper is focused on various Drug Delivery System Interfaces used in emergency cases to reduce manual intervention. We are proposing a hybrid approach for drug dispensing, which can work as open or closed loop system. Another feature of this system is that it can be controlled from a remote location, so is to provide virtual presence of a doctor. The system will help the doctor monitor the patient as per the immediate requirement and deliver drug remotely to patient using smart phone.
Managing Waiting Time: Impact of Physical Environment and Interaction Quality
Authors:   Lecturer, Department of Commerce, Udhampur Campus, University of Jammu, India Project fellow, University of Jammu, India, KUMARI NEETU , PATYAL SANDEEP ,   Lecturer, Department of Commerce, Udhampur Campus, University of Jammu, India Project fellow, University of Jammu, India
Published: February 2020

This Research Paper presents the key role of waiting time. This report will explore the issue associated with prolonged waiting time. Research on waiting is used to determine not only why these issues are problematic but what factors may lead them to rise. Finally research unapplied to uncover ways in which the issues can be dealt with physical environment and interaction quality. The Exploratory factor analysis and Structural Equational Modeling was used to analyse the patients of private Clinic. The study brings various waiting time filler to deal with perception management of waiting time. The study provides valuable Operational management techniques to the policy- makers on the management of waiting time in Private health care sector. Both patients and staff can get benefit from reduced crowding, less complaint, positive word of mouth and satisfied patients. It also benefit the society by better health services.
Influence of Peer Pressure as a Determinant of Premarital Sexual Behaviour among Senior Secondary School Students in Kaduna State, Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Science Education (Human Kinetics and Health Education Unit) Federal University Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State, Nigeria, BADAKI O L , ADEOLA M F ,   Department of Physical and Health Education Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
Published: February 2020

This study investigated peer pressure influence on premarital sexual behaviour of senior secondary school students in Kaduna State, Nigeria. The population for the study comprised students in public senior secondary schools in the twenty-three Local Government Areas of Kaduna State. Simple random sampling was used to select Kaduna North senatorial zones from the three existing zones in Kaduna State. Nine schools from thirty-two senior secondary schools were randomly selected. The population of senior secondary schools in Kaduna North zone was 5,730 in 2010/2011. 50% (2,865) of the population was used as sample size. A total number of 1,655 males and 1,210 female students were used. In each of the nine (9) schools, 319 copies of questionnaire were administered to the Students using simple random sampling technique. The data collected were statistically analyzed using descriptive statistics of mean, and standard deviation. The hypothesis was tested using one sample Z-test at 0.05 level of significance. It was found that, there is significant influence of peer pressure on premarital sexual behaviour among senior secondary school students in Kaduna State, Nigeria. It was recommended, that Kaduna State Ministry of Education to intensify awareness programme on premarital sexual behaviour through workshops or seminars for the students on how to deal with peer pressure, and other social pressures that may lead to sexual intercourse.
Service-Profit Chain Analysis in Healthcare Services
Authors:   XLRI – Xavier School of Management, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand-831001, India, Ranjan Pratyush , Ranjan Peeyush ,   Hindu Rao Hospital, New Delhi-110007, India
Published: February 2020

Focus on service-profit chain by organizations in the service sector has been found to be of crucial importance. Companies in varied sectors like banking, airlines, restaurants and healthcare have become industry leaders by focusing on aspects of service-profit chain. This paper presents an analysis of service-profit chain in the healthcare sector. Taking two examples of hospitals from India and one from abroad this paper brings out the importance of focusing on the service-profit chain in this sector. An analysis of the practices in these hospitals, with a major focus on Aravind Eye Hospital, will give a perspective of how these hospitals have focused on the service-profit chain and made them efficient and effective and have enhanced their customers’ satisfaction. Service-profit chain analysis can help healthcare organizations to be customer focused. It can motivate organizations to develop attractive value propositions for customers. It can also provide a warning to organizations that are neglecting the interests of employees. Overall, the service-profit chain provides a useful framework for healthcare organizations in developing their strategy as well as implementing day-to-day operations.
Streamlining the Processes Preceding an Operation Using Six Sigma
Authors:   Department of Hospital Administration, Sikkim Manipal University, Gangtok-737101, India, Singh Ankit , Singh Sougrakpam Sushillo ,   Department of Hospital Administration, Jivan Hospital Kakching, Manipur-795001, India, Ravi Priya ,   Department of Hospital Operations, Central Referral Hospital, Gangtok-737101, India
Published: February 2020

Purpose: The operation theatre is the major cost and revenue centre in a hospital. The operation theatre’s optimum utilization will not only increase the revenue for the hospital but will also have a significant positive impact on customer satisfaction, for both internal and external customers. The present study aims in improving the existing process in an operation theatre suite of a tertiary care private hospital in Siliguri (West Bengal), which suffers from a process related problem, delay in scheduling operations (Sigma level 2.17), as found out in the Pilot Study. The study is carried out to improve the sigma level. Aligning with it, the operation theatre utilization is calculated with the objective of its bench marking, as per industry standards. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study is conducted within the framework of Defining, Measuring, Analysing, Improving, and Controlling (DMAIC) method of Six Sigma. To begin with, the Pilot Study is carried out to identify and define the problem. At the measuring and analysing stage, Pareto analysis technique is employed, aided by the Cause and Effect diagram. After the identification, causes are categorised as controllable and uncontrollable. This is followed by a brainstorming session, which is conducted in order to work out solutions relating to controllable causes. The Time Motion study data of 192 surgery cases is collected for the pre-implementation phase, while that of 236 surgery cases is collected for the post-implementation phase. An independent t test is carried out to find out the difference in the outcomes, both in the pre-implementation and the post-implementation phases, thereby reflecting the effectiveness of the solutions implemented. Findings: The baseline sigma level of 2.17 is improved to reach the 3.0 sigma level, concerning delay of scheduled operations. This is achieved by reducing the time lag that is experienced when shifting the patient from the Ward to the Operation Theatre, as also that relating to the cleaning and setting up of the Operation Theatre, between two surgeries. Practical implications: Reducing the set up and the cleaning time between two procedures helps in reducing the delay in scheduled operations, which can be achieved by the practice of shifting the patient one hour prior to the scheduled surgery. Similarly, when more surgeries need to be performed, their turnaround time can be reduced by deploying an adequate number of housekeeping staff. Thus, more number of surgeries can be done in a day and operation theatre utilization can be optimised.
Sleep and Adiposity in Children From 2 to 6 Years of Age
Authors: Xiu Lijuan , Ekstedt Mirjam , Hagströmer Maria , Bruni Oliviero , Bergqvist-Norén Linnea , Marcus Claude
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVES:

To compare sleep in young children at different obesity risks, which were based on parental weight, as well as to explore the longitudinal associations of sleep characteristics with adiposity.

METHODS:

In total, 107 children from an obesity prevention project were included, of which 43 had normal-weight parents (low obesity risk) and 64 had overweight and/or obese parents (high obesity risk). Sleep was measured yearly from ages 2 to 6 years by using actigraphy. Five sleep characteristics, that of late sleep, long sleep latency, short sleep duration, low sleep efficiency, and irregular sleep onset, were defined and scored across ages, with a higher score indicating more frequent exposure. The outcome variables, also measured yearly, were BMI z score and waist circumference.

RESULTS:

There was no difference in sleep patterns among children at different risks. Higher short sleep duration score was associated with a greater increase in BMI z score (0.12; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.01 to 0.25) across ages. Independently of sleep duration, higher late sleep score was associated with greater increases in BMI z score (0.16; 95% CI 0.05 to 0.27) and waist circumference (0.60 cm; 95% CI 0.23 to 0.98). Moreover, compared with children at low risk and without habitual late sleep, children at high risk and with habitual late sleep had greater increases in BMI z score (0.93; 95% CI 0.40 to 1.45) and waist circumference (3.45 cm; 95% CI 1.78 to 5.12).

CONCLUSIONS:

More frequent exposures to late sleep were associated with greater increases in adiposity measures from ages 2 to 6 years, particularly in children with obese parents.
AZAS-AZAS DAN LANDASAN DISTRIBUSI PENDAPATAN DALAM ISLAM
Authors: Mulyani Rani , Setiawan Iwan
Published: February 2020

Abstract: This paper explains the concept of income distribution in an effort to equalize the economy. Justice and community welfare can be seen from how much the community's needs are met equally and fairly in both Primary and secondary needs. The main purpose of Islamic economic development is not only to focus on the income of individuals or groups, but also for the welfare of society in general. There are two mechanisms in the economic distribution of the community. The first mechanism is that relating to economic activities can be carried out in the productive economy sector through community development in creating jobs, providing opportunities for the community in the development of assets in the form of investment, such as syirkah, mudharabah and other investment activities. The second mechanism is Non-Economic, which is where this mechanism aims to educate people who have sufficient material so that the ownership of these assets can be educated on the importance of giving or distributing assets to disadvantaged people in the form of giving (Zakat, Infaq, Sadaqoh and also Grants). Abstrak: Tulisan ini menjelaskan mengenai Konsep Distribusi Pendapatan dalam upaya pemerataan Ekonomi. Keadilan dan kesejahteraan masyarakat dapat dilihat dari seberapa banyak terpenuhinya kebutuhan masyarakat secara merata dan adil baik dalam kebutuhan Primer dan sekunder. Tujuan pembangunan ekonomi dalam Islam tidak hanya fokus terhadap pendapatan perorangan atau suatu kelompok saja, akan tetapi untuk kese­jahteraan masyarakat secara umum. Upaya pemerataan ekonomi masyarakat terdapat dua mekanisme. Mekanisme Pertama adalah yang berkaitan dengan kegiatan ekonomi dapat dilakukan dalam sektor ekonomi produktif  melalui pengem­bangan masyarakat dalam menciptakan lapangan kerja, memberikan kesempatan kepada masyarakat dalam sektor  pengembangan harta berupa investasi, seperti syirkah, mudharabah dan kegiatan investasi lainnya. Mekanisme kedua adalah Non-Ekonomi yaitu dimana mekanisme ini bertujuan untuk mengedukasi masyarakat yang memiliki kecukupan materi agar dalam kepemilikan harta tersebut dapat teredukasi pentingnya memberikan atau mendistribusikan harta yang dimiliki kepada masyarakat yang kurang beruntung berupa pemeberian (Zakat, Infak, Shadaqoh dan juga Hibah).
DAMPAK POLIGAMI SIRI TERHADAP KEHIDUPAN KELUARGA DI DESA CIGUGUR GIRANG BANDUNG BARAT
Authors: Darmawijaya Ade
Published: February 2020

Abstarct: In the teachings of Islam Marriage is one form of worship to Allah SWT and follows the sunnah of His Messenger. Marriage for Muslims in Indonesia adheres to the principle of Monogamy, namely - a man marries a woman. However, Law Number 1 of 1974 does not close the meeting door for men who will do marriage with more than one woman (polygamy). This can be done by following the provisions stated in Law No. 1 of 1974. However, the fact in the community is that there are still many polygamous marriages conducted in siri without following the procedures stipulated in the applicable law. so that it is not listed in the State document. So in this study, the motives for polygamy will be revealed, what causes a lot of polygamy siri, how the impact of polygamy siri on family life. The methodology of this study uses the method of observation, interviews, documentation. The results showed that the motives for polygamy included fulfilling sexual desires, showing courage, caring for orphans, elevating women, sharing happiness, continuing the traditions of the ancestors etc. The causes of the occurrence of polygamy siri in his wife did not want to be known by the first wife, the distance to the KUA and Pengandilan Religion was quite far, the polygamy procedure was quite complicated, complicated and expensive, considered insignificant registration of marriage. especially after the first wife was known, administrative problems arose, namely the making of KTP, KK, Birth Certificate, etc., making it difficult to distribute inheritance among family members, emerging vulnerability in the fields of economy, social, education, health and so on.Abstrak: Dalam ajaran  Islam Perkawinan adalah salah satu bentuk ibadah kepada Allah SWT dan mengikuti sunnah Rasul Nya. Perkawinan bagi umat Islam di Indonesia menganut azas Monogami, seorang laki-laki mengawini seorang perempuan. Namun Undang-undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 membuka peluang bagi laki-laki yang akan melakukan perkawinan dengan  lebih dari satu orang wanita (poligami). Hal itu dapat ditempuh  dengan mengikuti ketentuan Undang-undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974. Akan tetapi fakta di masyarakat masih banyak pernikahan poligami yang dilakukan secara siri atau tanpa mengikuti prosedur Undang-undang yang berlaku,  sehingga tidak tercantum dalam dokumen Negara. Penelitian ini akan mengungkap motif melakukan poligami, faktor penyebab banyak terjadi poligami siri, dan bagaimana dampak poligami siri terhadap kehidupan keluarga. Metodologi penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasi, wawan­cara, dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dampak melakukan poligami siri terhadap kehidupan keluarga cukup banyak di antaranya banyak terjadi konflik terutama setelah diketahui isteri pertama, muncul masalah administrasi kependudukan yaitu pembuatan KTP, KK, Akte Kelahiran dsb, mempersulit pembagian warisan di antara anggota keluarga, muncul kerawanan dalam bidang ekonomi, social, pendidikan, kesehatan dan sebagainya.
EKSISTENSI RIBA DALAM INVESTASI WAKAF UANG DI LUAR BANK SYARI’AH
Authors: Affandi Khoir
Published: February 2020

Abstract: According to the legal facts, the management and development of waqf money is carried out in accordance with the principles of sharia and does not conflict with the regulations of the Indonesian law. But according to the facts on the ground there is still usury in the management and development of the endowments of the money. This can be seen by the obligatory Nazir to guarantee the endowments of money managed and developed outside the shari'ah bank into shari'ah insurance. Thus, waqf money can only increase, whereas in the management and development of waqf money, Nazir can not always gain profits, there are times when Nazir loses and when Nazir experiences profit then it is done for profit between Nazir, mauquf 'alaih and Islamic financial institutions' Ah, but in the case of Nazhir's loss, the loss will be borne entirely by Nazhir. if this concept is applied in the management and development of money waqf, then what is the difference between a sharia financial institution and another bank that is not a sharia that applies the usury principle?Abstrak: Menurut fakta hukum, pengelolaan dan pengembangan wakaf uang dilakukan sesuai dengan prinsip syari’ah dan tidak bertentangan peraturan perwakafan di Indonesia. Akan tetapi menurut faktanya di lapangan masih terdapat riba dalam pengelolaan dan pengembangan wakaf uang tersebut. Hal ini terlihat dengan diwajib­kan­n­ya nazhir untuk menjaminkan wakaf uang yang dikelola dan dikembangkanya di luar bank syari’ah ke dalam asuransi syari’ah. Dengan demikian, wakaf uang hanya boleh ber­tambah, padahal dalam pengelolaan dan pengembangan wakaf uang, tidak selamanya nazhir dapat meraih keuntungan, ada kalanya nazhir mengalami kerugian dan pada saat nazhir mengalami keuntungan maka dilakukan bagi keuntungan antara nazhir, mauquf ‘alaih dan lembaga keuangan syari’ah akan tetapi dalam kondisi nazhir meng­alami kerugian maka kerugian tersebut akan ditanggung seluruhnya oleh nazhir. Apabila konsep ini yang diberlakukan dalam pengelolaan dan pengembangan wakaf uang, maka apa bedanya lembaga keuangan syari’ah dengan bank lainya yang bukan syari’ah yang menerapkan prinsip riba?
NILAI-NILAI KEISLAMAN DALAM KONSTITUSI KASULTANAN NGAYOGYAKARTA HADININGRAT
Authors: Al wafi Abdul Rohim
Published: February 2020

Abstract: Many political experts state that the Medina Charter is the first written State Constitution in the World. Several important principles have been laid out in the constitution, namely, equality, justice, freedom of religion, social security and joint responsibility in security. Medina can be seen as a country, because it has met the minimum requirements for the formation of a state, namely: First, the community has a certain area, namely Medina. Second, all groups of people (Muslims, Jews and polytheists) recognize and accept the Prophet as the leader and holder of legal political authority in their lives. Third, the groups that have awareness and desire to live together in order to realize harmony and mutual benefit. Referring to the principles adopted in the Medina Charter, Indonesia and its Yogyakarta Palace certainly have the same constitution for their purposes. Namely maintaining harmony and ensuring social equality. The Yogyakarta Palace has a constitution or legal basis called Paugeran. This paugeran functioned the same as the aim of the Medina charter at that time. Not only arrived at the goal, the field practice also showed that paugeran was able to become a disperse of the tangled threads of the problems that had occurred in Yogyakarta society for a long time, starting from the Giyanti agreement in 1755.Abstrak: Banyak pakar politik menyatakan bahwa Piagam Madinah merupakan Konstitusi Negara tertulis pertama di Dunia. Beberapa prinsip penting telah diletakkan dalam konstitusi itu, yaitu, persamaan, keadilan, kebebasan beragama, jaminan sosial dan tanggung jawab bersama dalam keamanan. Madinah dapat dipandang sebagai sebuah negara, karena telah memenuhi syarat minimal terbentuknya negara yaitu: Pertama, masyarakat tersebut memiliki wilayah tertentu yaitu Madinah. Kedua, semua golongan masyarakat (Muslim, Yahudi dan orang-orang musyrik) mengakui dan menerima Nabi sebagai pemimpin dan pemegang otoritas politik yang sah dalam kehidupan mereka. Ketiga, golongan-golongan yang ada memiliki kesadaran dan keinginan untuk hidup bersama dalam rangka mewujudkan kerukunan dan kemas­la­hatan bersama. Mengacu pada prinsip yang diterdapat pada piagam madinah, Indonesia dengan Keraton Yogyakartakatanya tentu memiliki konstitusi yang sama secara tujuan. Yakni menjaga kerukuan dan menjamin kesetaraan sosial. Keraton Yogyakarta memiliki konstitusi atau dasar hukum yang disebut Paugeran. Paugeran ini berfungsi sama seperti tujuan dicetuskannya piagam madinah pada waktu itu. Tak hanya sampai pada tujuan, praktik lapangan juga memperlihatkan bahwa paugeran mampu menjadi pelerai benang kusut permasalahan yang terjadi di masyarakat Yogyakarta sejak lama, terhitung sejak dicetuskannya perjanjian Giyanti pada Tahun 1755.
ANOTASI PUTUSAN DISSENTING OPINION DALAM PUTUSAN KASASI
Authors: Maulani Taufik
Published: February 2020

Abstract: Judges 'decisions in court are the core of the parties' agreement. Decision of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia Number: 579/K/AG/2010 concerning Settlement of Inheritance Disputes. Trying out this research is trying to explain, is there a legal basis for differences of opinion in the judicial decision in Indonesia. The juridical-normative method was used in analyzing this study. Primary and secondary data sources from the decision of the Supreme Court, Jurisprudence Books and Legislation Regulations are sources of data in completing this research. The results showed first, the legal basis for the difference of opinion in the court's decision in Indonesia; secondly, the legal basis / consideration of the cassation panel of judges who reject the cassation filed by the parties in the decision Number: 579/K/AG/2010 is an unacceptable lawsuit because the cassation applicants are not the heirs who are experts and heirs who are trying exist in KHI regulated in Presidential Instruction Number 1 of 1991; and three, the legal implications of differences of opinion that proved positive as the judges' hard efforts in compiling the normative legal grounds and considerations, description, basis, and legal liability to take a fair decision, including the decision of cassation Number: 579/K/AG/ 2010 who refused to give heir to the heirs decided that the gift really took effect before the birth of KHI in 1991.Abstrak: Putusan hakim di pengadilan merupakan inti penyelesaian sengketa bagi pihak-pihak yang berperkara. Penelitian ini berfokus pada perbedaan pendapat (dissenting opinion) dalam Putusan Kasasi Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia Nomor: 579/K/AG/2010 tentang Penye­lesaian Sengketa Waris. Sehingga penelitian ini mencoba menjelaskan, apakah ada dasar hukum dissenting opinion dalam putusan penga­dilan di Indonesia. Metode yuridis-normatif digunakan dalam menganalisis penelitian ini. Sumber data primer dan sekunder dari putusan Mahkamah Agung, Kitab-kitab Fikih dan Peraturan Perundang-undangan menjadi sumber data dalam melengkapi penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pertama, dasar hukum kebo­lehan adanya dissenting opinion dalam putusan pengadilan di Indonesia; kedua, dasar/pertimbangan hukum majelis hakim kasasi yang menolak permohonan kasasi yang oleh para pihak dalam putusan Nomor: 579/K/AG/2010 adalah gugatan tidak dapat diterima karena para pihak pemohonan kasasi bukan para pihak ahli waris yang sebenarnya dan ahli waris pengganti baru ada dalam KHI yang diatur dalam Inpres Nomor 1 Tahun 1991; dan ketiga, implikasi hukum dari adanya dissenting opinion terbukti positif sebagai usaha keras para hakim dalam menyusun dasar dan pertimbangan hukum secara normatif, uraian, dasar, dan pertim­bangan hukum untuk mengambil sebuah putusan yang adil, termasuk pula putusan kasasi Nomor: 579/K/AG/2010 yang menolak memberikan harta waris kepada ahli waris pengganti sudah benar karena ketentuan itu belaku sebelum lahirnya KHI Tahun 1991.
A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of an 810-nm Diode Laser in the Maintenance of Dental Implants: A Peri-Implant Sulcular Fluid Analysis
Authors: Ghodke Prerna Sanjay , Hegde Rashmi , Ansari Waqas , Muglikar Sangeeta , Dholkawala Alia S.
Published: February 2020

Biological implant failures are primarily related to biofilm, which can lead to peri-mucositis and, further on, peri-implantitis. The 810-nm diode laser has an affinity for pigmented chromophores, so its use in the peri-implant sulcus has a significant bactericidal effect on the black-pigmented anaerobes such as Porphyromonas gingivalis. Therefore, it can be used to eliminate or reduce the bacterial count in the peri-implant sulcular fluid (PISF), thus increasing the life of the implants and reducing the chances of failure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the 810-nm diode laser for the maintenance of dental implants and its use as a regular in-office tool for limiting the microbiological count in the PISF. Twenty patients undergoing implant treatment at the Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology were randomly selected for the study. PISF samples were collected before and after the sulcus was lased with an 810-nm diode laser and sent for quantitative microbiological analysis using universal bacterial count, and the quantity of P gingivalis was evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The analysis revealed that after diode application, the median percentage drop in the microbial count was 76.67% and the median percentage drop in P gingivalis count was 99.28%. The use of an 810-nm diode laser resulted in the following outcomes: (1) drastic reduction in the total bacterial count around the implant and (2) significant reduction in the P gingivalis count, as evaluated by real-time PCR.
The Biomaterial-Induced Cellular Reaction Allows a Novel Classification System Regardless of the Biomaterials Origin
Authors: Al-Maawi Sarah , Rutkowski James L. , Sader Robert , Kirkpatrick C. James , Ghanaati Shahram
Published: February 2020

Several different biomaterials are being introduced for clinical applications. However, no current material-specific systematic studies define parameters for evaluating these materials. The aim of this retrospective animal study is to classify biomaterials according to the in vivo induced cellular reaction and outline the clinical consequence of the biomaterial-specific cellular reaction for the regeneration process. A retrospective histologic analysis was performed for 13 polymeric biomaterials and 19 bone substitute materials (BSMs) (of various compositions and origins) that were previously implanted in a standardized subcutaneous model. Semiquantitative analyses were performed at days 3, 15, and 30 after implantation according to a standardized score for the induction of multinucleated giant cells (MNGCs) and vascularization rate. The induced cellular reaction in response to different polymeric materials allowed their classification according to the MNGC score in the following groups: class I induced no MNGCs at any time point, class II induced and maintained a constant number of MNGCs over 30 days, and class III induced MNGCs and provided an increasing number over 30 days. All BSMs induced MNGCs to varying extents. Therefore, the resultant BSM classifications are as follows: class I induced MNGCs with a decreasing number, class II induced and maintained constant MNGCs over 30 days, and class III induced MNGCs with increasing number over 30 days. These observations were mostly related to the biomaterial physicochemical properties and were independent of the biomaterial origin. Consequently, the induction of MNGCs and their increase over 30 days resulted in disintegration of the biomaterial. By contrast, the absence of MNGCs resulted in an integration of the biomaterial within the host tissue. This novel classification provides clinicians a tool to assess the capacity and suitability of biomaterials in the intended clinical indication for bone and soft tissue implantations.
Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis on En-Masse Retraction of the Maxillary Anterior Teeth With Quantitative Combined Loading Control
Authors: Qie Hui , Kong Lingliang , Zhang Fan , Li Chenxi , Lu Lin , Dou Chenlei , Shan Lihua
Published: February 2020

This study aims to elucidate the biomechanical effects of combined loading of maxillary anterior and posterior implants using the sliding method on en-masse retraction of the anterior teeth and to quantify the loading ratio (LR) of anterior and posterior implants to achieve controlled retraction of the maxillary anterior teeth. A three-dimensional finite element model of the maxilla-upper dentition appliance was constructed. Implants were placed on the distal (A) and mesial (B) sides of the lateral incisors as well as on the mesial (C) side of the first molar and different amounts of force were loaded between the implants using 2- or 5-mm traction hooks. The labiolingual movement of the anterior teeth was recorded and the relationship between the LR of the implants and the movement of the central incisors was evaluated. With 2-mm traction hooks, the central incisors exhibited a translation tendency during retraction at lower A/C and B/C LR and labial or lingual crown inclination at higher values. With 5-mm traction hooks, the central incisors, lateral incisors, and canine teeth exhibited a labial crown inclination. The results of this study suggest that 2-mm traction hooks can cause labial crown inclination, translation tendency during retraction, or lingual crown inclination of the central incisors due to alterations in the LR of the anterior and posterior implants. The central incisors only exhibited labial crown inclination during combined loading of the anterior and posterior implants when 5-mm traction hooks were used.
Seismic behaviour of RC jacketed columns under different axial loads
Authors: Yang Keun-Hyeok , Hwang Seung-Hyeon , Mun Ju-Hyun
Published: February 2020

This study examines the flexural performance of reinforced concrete (RC) columns strengthened through a seismic jacket technique developed using a prefabricated steel bar unit that forms peripheral closed hoops and supplementary V ties, satisfying the design requirements of the ACI 318-14 seismic provisions. Three RC jacketed columns were prepared with a parameter of axial load levels and tested under a constant concentric axial load and cyclic lateral loads. Analytical approaches were also applied to examine the axial load–moment interaction of the RC jacketed columns when considering the confinement effect provided by the jacket section and to investigate the applicability of the previous performance-based design models proposed for virgin seismic columns. The test results show that the developed jacket technique possesses a good potential in enhancing the flexural stiffness, strength and ductility of deficient columns, even under a high axial load. Reinforced concrete jacketed columns possess a higher ductility than that estimated using the ductility parameter model, regardless of the axial load level. Thus, the jacket section including the seismic details of a transverse reinforcement can be conservatively designed, based on the axial load–moment interaction and ductility parameter model for the moment and ductility enhancements required by deficient columns.
Conformidade da localização e dimensões da barra de tração segundo a norma nbr 7811 em tratores agrícolas
Authors: De Almeida João Adelmo da Costa , Alonço Airton Dos Santos , Possebom Gessieli
Published: February 2020

O crescente uso de tratores agrícolas no meio rural visa, especialmente, otimizar processos, aliado a minimização de esforços físicos. Entretanto, é necessário que estas máquinas estejam condizentes com as normativas a fim de garantir a segurança nas operações. Assim, o objetivo desse estudo foi verificar a localização e dimensões da barra de tração, conforme a norma NBR 7811, em tratores agrícolas. Foram avaliados 14 modelos de tratores agrícolas de pneus, com potência superior a 50 cv, distribuídos em quatro diferentes marcas. A coleta de dados resultou da verificação da localização e dimensões da barra de tração (NBR 7811) com o auxílio de uma trena. As dimensões denominadas “d”, “b” e “C” se destacaram como as mais condizentes com a norma, com total conformidade em todos os modelos de tratores avaliados. A dimensão “A” foi de maneira geral, a variável que apresentou menores índices de conformidade, 50% nas categorias 1 e 2 e 75% na categoria 3, caracterizando uma conformidade total de 57%. Em relação ao nível de conformidade total comparativamente entre as categorias de classificação, os modelos de tratores analisados como tipo 3 apresentaram maior conformidade (75%) e consequentemente os modelos de menor potência (categorias 1 e 2), resultaram em menor concordância com a norma vigente. A desconformidade parcial da norma é preocupante, uma vez que somente a partir dessa conformidade tem-se a garantia de condições ergonômicas adequadas aos operadores, ação preventiva a possíveis acidentes ocupacionais.
Some Causes and Conditions of Manifest Excesses of Authority by Penitentiary Employees: Unlawful Acts Against Inmates
Authors: Shuruhnov Nikolay , Mereckiy Nikolay , Ishigeev Vladimir
Published: February 2020

The authors examine the legal preconditions and the actual grounds for the specific relations between the representatives of penitentiary administration and persons serving sentences or persons remanded in custody. They point out some causes for the antagonism of these groups and pay attention to historical documents containing ethical and legal norms that prescribe benevolent relations between citizens in different legal and actual conditions. Thus, the authors discuss some clauses of the Manifest on Duels of April 21, 1787 and the Instruction to the Regional Supervisors of the Prison Castle of April 9, 1831 prepared by the members of the Council of the Ministry of the Interior in Tsarist Russia. They also comment on some norms of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, Federal Laws and instructions, according to which the work of officials in the penitentiary system is based on the principles of legality, humanism, and respect for human rights. The authors draw attention to human rights protected by international and inter-continental legal documents, and the observance of inmates’ human rights by administrations of temporary detention facilities, pre-trial detention facilities, pre-trial detention regime wards, and correctional institutions. It is noted that this observance is controlled by different authorized agencies. The authors present statistical data for different periods that reflect the number of cases of justified use of physical force and special devices by penitentiary administrations against persons held in isolation, the number of cases of unlawful acts of officers against inmates, as well as the number of initiated criminal cases. They enumerate and thoroughly examine the causes of unlawful use of physical force and special devices against inmates. Some of the presented causes are proved by the analysis of specific criminal cases, courts’ verdicts, and analytical reports of Russian Federal Penitentiary Service. The authors attempt to present a brief prediction of the causes and conditions that will influence the future state of this problem.
Prevention of Dangerous Acts of Persons with Mental Disorders: Organization, Statistics, Trends
Authors: Makushkina Oxana , Polubinskaya Svetlana
Published: February 2020

Dangerous and violent acts of mentally disordered persons that pose a threat to the health and lives of people around them frequently attract the media attention and become a subject of public debates. Prevention of such actions is one of the most important tasks of the psychiatric care system. This article describes the organization of psychiatric prevention at federal and regional levels, involving all medical organizations that provide outpatient and inpatient psychiatric care. The primary focus is on forensic psychiatric prevention of dangerous behavior of the mentally ill. One of the forms of preventive measures is active dispensary observation of patients prone to dangerous acts due to their mental condition. This observation is carried out by medical organizations together with the internal affairs’ agencies. However, the key issue of forensic psychiatric prevention is the execution of the compulsory medical measures imposed by the court and provided for by the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Besides, the measures aimed at preventing repeat crimes also include psychiatric care of convicts as a separate branch of forensic psychiatric prevention. The authors present the data of ten-year monitoring of medical services that make it possible to assess the scope, main directions and effectiveness of prevention. This investigation uses the data from the state statistical reports for the Russian Federation and the subjects of the Russian Federation from 2008 to 2017. On this basis, the authors identify the trends in prevention of the dangerous acts of mentally disordered offenders in the psychiatric care system and formulate the main directions for the improvement. In this connection, the authors pay special attention to the use of standardized risk assessment tools to predict dangerous behavior of the mentally ill as one of the ways to increase the effectiveness of psychiatric prevention. Such tools are widely used in foreign forensic psychiatric practice, as well as in criminal justice institutions. The authors describe principal methodological approaches to the development of such tools in foreign and domestic research. According to the authors, the use of such techniques for the risk assessment of dangerous behavior in mentally disordered persons and the development of individual medical and rehabilitation plans on their basis would expand the possibilities for forensic psychiatric prevention.
Criminal Liability for Using Doping in Sport: German Experience - an Example for Russia?
Authors: Putzke Holm , Tarbagaev Aleksey , Nazarov Аleksandr , Maiorova Ludmila
Published: February 2020

The use of doping in sport is quite widespread at present. Primarily, it concerns professional and high level sport, where the best performance results in high income and profitable endorsement deals. It creates a temptation to improve the natural sport achievements through the use of doping. The public danger of such actions is evident: doping not only poses a threat for the athlete’s health, it also, from the viewpoint of justice, infringes on the interests of those athletes who, out of principle, never use prohibited substances and (or) methods to improve their performance in sports. Besides, such actions considerably reduce the educational effect of sport, including the declared honesty and fairness of competition. Finally, the use of doping misleads fans, spectators and sponsors of sports competitions. The authors analyze German criminal anti-doping legislation and assess the possibilities of using some of its clauses to improve Russian criminal law norms that provide for criminal liability in the cases of doping-related crimes. They show if it is possible to use the athletes’ laboratory doping tests, probes, etc. as well as the official decisions of international, national disciplinary bodies and sport courts in criminal proceedings in connection with the well-known principle of nemo tenetur («nobody is bound to incriminate himself» — equivalent to the clause of Art. 51 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation) while taking into account the prejudice principles of Russia and Germany.
Конкурс «Великие имена России» в российских республиках: этнический дискурс политики идентичности
Authors: Назукина Мария Викторовна
Published: February 2020

Цитирование: Назукина М.В. (2020) Конкурс «Великие имена России» в российских республиках: этнический дискурс политики идентичности // Мир России. Т. 29. № 1. С. 132–152. DOI: 10.17323/1811-038X-2020-29-1-132-152

В статье анализируется актуализация этнического дискурса в ходе конкурса «Великие имена России» в шести республиках Российской Федерации. Данный конкурс рассматривается как инструмент политики идентичности по выбору ключевого культурного героя регионов, репрезентирующего их уникальность и идентичность. Материалами для анализа послужил мониторинг СМИ и блогов через систему «Медиалогия», веб-страницы городов-участников конкурса на официальном сайте проекта (шорт- и лонг-листы, презентационные статьи о номинантах), материалы и комментарии в группах конкурса в социальных сетях, на форумах, а также экспертные оценки. Акцентирование этнического дискурса на уровне контент-анализа было связано с выявлением материалов, содержащих этнонимы «титульных этнических групп» республик. Проведенный анализ дискурса под углом зрения этничности позволил выявить несколько моделей: низкая степень значимости/актуализации этничности (Чебоксары, Сыктывкар); средняя степень значимости/актуализации этничности (Казань, Якутск, Нижнекамск); высокая степень значимости/актуализации этничности (Горно-Алтайск, Уфа). В качестве индикаторов использовались следующие показатели: наличие и победа кандидатов от «титульной этнической группы», присутствие этнического дискурса в поле публичной политики (участие этнических организаций и политиков в продвижении кандидатов), конфликт в ходе конкурса или по его итогам по причине победы/проигрыша кандидатов с титульной этничностью. Была выявлена закономерность в победе в конкурсе героев республик представителей титульной группы, которые отстаивали свое преференциальное право на символическую политику в республике. Доказано, что усиление дихотомии «свой-чужой» с использованием этничности и ее политизация усиливают конфликтный характер этнического дискурса.
Учение о неэргодичности социального мира
Authors: Балацкий Евгений Всеволодович
Published: February 2020

Цитирование: Балацкий Е.В. (2020) Учение о неэргодичности социального мира // Мир России. Т. 29. № 1. С. 174–193. DOI: 10.17323/1811-038X-2020-29-1-174-193

В 2018 году в России вышла в свет на русском языке очередная (уже пятая по счету) книга Нассима Талеба «Рискуя собственной шкурой. Скрытая асимметрия повседневной жизни». Как и в предыдущих бестселлерах? автор ставит множество актуальных вопросов и  предлагает свое видение их решений. Книги Н. Талеба содержат в себе много важного и интересного, но еще больше в них недосказанного. Последняя книга не является исключением из этого правила, в связи с чем автор статьи попытался переосмыслить, прокомментировать и дополнить основополагающие идеи Н. Талеба. Помимо этого, в статье делается попытка «встроить» ключевые тезисы Н. Талеба в контекст современных социальных исследований, включая концепции Дугласа Норта, Джорджа Сороса, Фрэнсиса Фукуямы, Тома Пикетти, Дарона Аджемоглу и Джеймса Робинсона.
Особенности идентичностей и мировоззрения основных страт современного российского общества
Authors: Тихонова Наталья Евгеньевна
Published: February 2020

Цитирование: Тихонова Н.Е. (2020) Особенности идентичностей и мировоззрения основных страт современного российского общества // Мир России. Т. 29. № 1. С. 6–30. DOI: 10.17323/1811-038X-2020-29-1-6-30

В статье анализируются особенности идентичностей и мировоззрения трех основных массовых страт российского общества, выделенных на основе специфики их жизненных шансов в различных областях. На материалах двух общероссийских исследований ФНИСЦ РАН 2015 и 2018 гг. продемонстрировано, что эти страты заметно различаются между собой не только по своему уровню благосостояния, профессиональному составу и образовательному уровню, но и по идентичностям, социальному самочувствию, установкам, нормативно-ценностным системам и отношению к происходящему сегодня в России. При этом средняя и нижняя страты близки между собой, а насчитывающая около 20% россиян верхняя страта выделяется на их фоне четко выраженными особенностями идентичностей, горизонтом планирования, распространенностью нонконформистских установок и типом локус-контроля. Жизненные цели представителей верхней страты чаще имеют достижительный характер, а их оценки сложившейся в России ситуации, в отличие от оценок остальных россиян, довольно оптимистичны. Запросы представителей этой страты к государству также имеют свою специфику, в частности ярче выраженный запрос на рывок страны в сфере науки и высоких технологий. В то же время в верхней страте меньше распространены солидаристские установки и шире – стигматизация бедных. Отмечено также, что особенности установок и нормативно-ценностных систем верхней страты отражаются в поведенческих стратегиях ее представителей. Сделан вывод о том, что выделенные страты соответствуют основным критериям классов в их неовеберианской трактовке, а верхняя страта может рассматриваться в рамках данной модели социальной структуры как средний класс, имеющий выраженную специфику своих объективных и субъективных характеристик.
Microfluidics 3D Printed Chip #1 v1
Authors: C. Yunus Sahan not provided , Serhat Sevli not provided
Published: February 2020

This is a protocol currently applied by NehirBT researchers for projects or product development.
3D Printing Case for LED Controller v1
Authors: Nedbal Jakub
Published: February 2020

The electronics control circuit for the illuminated orbital shaker should be housed in a case to protect it from damage by short-circuit, but also to minimize injury by electrical current and fire hazard. This document is part of the Illuminated Orbital Shaker for Microalgae Culture project: Procuring Parts for Algal Shaker 3D Printing Case for LED Controller (this document) Assembling Cooled LED Illuminator Cutting and Drilling Clear Acrylic Sheet Assembling Algal Shaker
Detection of melon necrotic spot virus by one-step reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay v1
Authors: Qiao Ning , Dai Huijie , Liu Jie , Zhu Xiaoping , Li Jintang , Zhang Dezhen , Liu Yongguang
Published: February 2020

Melon necrotic spot virus (MNSV) can cause significant economic losses due to decreased quality in cucurbit crops. The current study is the first to use reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) for detection of MNSV. A set of four LAMP primers was designed based on the coat protein gene sequence of MNSV, and a RT-LAMP reaction was successfully performed for 1 h at 62oC. The results of RT-LAMP showed high specificity for MNSV and no cross-reaction with other viruses. Compared to traditional reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), the RT-LAMP assay was 103-fold more sensitive in detecting MNSV. Due to its sensitivity, speed and visual assessment, RT-LAMP is appropriate for detecting MNSV in the laboratory.