bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design of PS Identification Algorithm in Ground Deformation Monitoring
Authors: Xing Xue Min
Published: May 2014

In this paper, an algorithm of combining the Coherence Factor Thresholding (CFT) method, Amplitude Deviation Thresholding (ADT) method and Intensity Index Thresholding (IIT) method ( Triple Thresholding: TT algorithm) is designed, which can be applied in the identification of PS points in the PSInSAR algorithm to monitor the ground deformation, On the basis of analyzing and comparing the deficiency of each identification method, the detail flow of the TT algorithm has been designed, which will perform more suitable to monitor the ground deformation theoretically. The real data experiment using the algorithm will be carried out in further work.
Effect of Produced Liquid Viscosity on Flow Characteristics and Separating Property of Downhole Hydrocyclone Desander
Authors: Yan Yue Juan , Wang Zun Ce , Shang Yan Xu , Li Sen , Xu Yan
Published: May 2014

A new style single outlet downhole hydrocyclone desander with spiral deflectors was designed according to the working characters of downhole desander, which combined hydrocyclone separation and sediment separation. Numerical simulation was conducted to analysis effect of produced liquid viscosity on flow characteristics and separating property. The results show that the tangential velocity of hydrocyclone desander decreases rapidly and the axial velocity and radial velocity of hydrocyclone desander changes slightly when the produced liquid viscosity changes in the range of 1.5mPa·s ~ 30mPa·s. Separation efficiency drops sharply and pressure drop decreases slightly with the increasing of produced liquid viscosity.
Study on Thermal Conductivity of Multilayer Graphene/NR Composite
Authors: Wu Gui Long , Liu Long , Zong Xiao , He Yan , Wang Ze Peng
Published: May 2014

Graphene/NR composite was prepared in emulsion blending and the multilayer graphene was about 4-8 layers. Different mass fraction of this kind of graphene was mixed into NR in this work.The thermal conductivity of this compositive system was respected to be improved apparently since the high thermal conductivity of graphene. In this work, TEM(Transmission electron microscope) was used to observe the structure and morphology of the multilayer graphene. NETZSCH LFA was used to research the change of thermal conductivity with the fraction of grahene changing. DSC(differential scanning calorimetry) was used to research the structure change in the series of composites. The TEM results showed that the graphene we used is 4-5 layers. LFA had proved that the multilayer graphene has affected the thermal conductivity of matrix greatly and DSC also provided evidence to support the same views.
A Hybrid Iterated Greedy Algorithm for No-Wait Flowshop with Sequence Dependent Setup Times to Minimize Makespan
Authors: Zhuang Wei Jin , Xu Tao , Sun Ming Yang
Published: May 2014

In this paper, the widespread no-wait flowshop in industries is considered with sequence dependent setup times to minimize makespan. A hybrid iterated greedy framework is constructed. A destruction-reconstruction procedure and a composite local search are introduced to improve the initial solution, respectively. To enhance the diversification of the proposal, a solution acceptance criterion is adopted to accept a worse solution with a probability. An efficient hybrid iterated greedy algorithm is investigated for the considered problem. The proposal is compared with the existing best deterministic heuristics and non-deterministic algorithm on Taillards benchmark instances. Experimental results show that the proposal gets best performance against the deterministic heuristics. The proposed algorithm outperforms the non-deterministic one on most instances with the same computation-time.
A Study on the Shape Design of the Folding Table
Authors: Liu Yuan
Published: May 2014

As one of the forms and shapes of modern furniture design, folding furniture is a reflection of increasing aestheticism and daily life, being the inevitable trend of the variety of furniture design. Folding dining table is mainly for the young in the city, displaying its fashion and novelty from its shape and interior structure; projecting its perfect combination of traditional material and modern craftmanship from selecting the proper material; presenting the concept of creating the need to boost consumption by studying the products aesthetic value and human value. This article is to predict the future trend of modern funiture design through the above-mentioned three aspects.
Research on the Unusual Graphic Display in Creative Design for Graphic Ads
Authors: Peng Jun
Published: May 2014

The graphic ad is to convey the theme accurately and clearly with its own unique graphic language. The unusual graphic display is an effective way for graphic creativity and expression. This paper analyzes and discusses the influence and significance of the unusual graphic display on the graphic ad design with some creative methods, such as correlation method, similarity method, contradicting method, multi-angle graphic expression method. etc.
The Study on the Service Outsourcing Industry of HeiLongjiang Province Based on the Porter Paradigm
Authors: Tao Xiao Ming
Published: May 2014

With the development of the global economy, it is necessary to adjust the industrial structure. The service outsourcing industry becomes a new increasing point of economy during the process of industrial structural adjustment. Heilongjiang province should make this as an important measure to enhance the pace of industrial structure adjustment. In this context, this essay introduced the Porter Diamond Theory to study the actual situation of Heilongjiangs service outsourcing industry from the aspects of productive factors, need analysis, related supportive industries and so on. As a result, two factors appears to be the crucial elements of this industry: the lack of talents who are applicable to it and the inability of enterprises of service outsourcing to hold the package.
Pricing Strategies in Dual-Channel Supply Chain with Retailer Direct Marketing
Authors: Li Shu Juan , Liu Ai Jun
Published: May 2014

A two-level dual-channel supply chain model was established in which retailer had his own direct channel. Game model was constructed based on two cases of decentralized and centralized decision-making. Pricing strategies of manufacturer and retailer were studied. Impacts of different channel and different sale entities on manufacturer and retailer were examined. Results show that when channel substitution increases and market share of retailer direct channel is small, retailer should choose to give up direct channel and focus on retail channel sales and take direct channel as means of propaganda and brand promotion. When the difference of sale entities reduces, consumers can get more surplus.
Genetic Neural Network Based Financial Distress Prediction
Authors: Liu Xin Yun , Liu Heng Jun
Published: May 2014

Enterprise financial distress prediction based on neural network has some disadvantages, such as complex structure, slow convergence rate and easily falling into local minimum points. The paper presents the genetic neural network based enterprise financial distress prediction. Firstly, the structural parameters of neural network model are encoded and connected into gene sequence to obtain an individual. A certain number of individuals make up a population. Secondly, after the reproduction, crossover and mutation operations upon the population, the best individual, that is the optimal structure parameters of neural network model, is obtained. Finally, the neural network model with the optimal structure parameters is trained by the training samples and the trained neural network model can realize enterprise financial distress prediction. The testing results show that the method achieves higher training speed and lower error rate.
The Cost-Benefit Quantitative Assessment Model of Economic Influence of Shanghai World Expo
Authors: Liu Huai Hui
Published: May 2014

Shanghai Expo, a global event, has enormous influence in a large scope in terms of space and contents. This thesis studies its influence in one aspectthe influence on economy. Based on cost-benefit theory, data fitting and the input-output table of the 2010 World Expo in Shanghai, the thesis has set up a complete mathematical model for quantitative assessment of costs and benefits to analyze the direct and indirect influence of the Expo on the economy of Shanghai. Through the cost-benefit assessment model, we can get the direct economic revenue of the Expo is RMB 1.691 billion Yuan. By data fitting analysis, because of the influence of the Expo, tourism income is 14.69 billion Yuan more than the natural growth and business volume of science and technology is 2.89 billion Yuan more than the natural growth.
Evaluation of Ecological Civilization Construction of Water System
Authors: Hu Yu
Published: May 2014

Water Environment Comprehensive Assessment System is a comprehensive system of water environment impact related to a variety of factors, including water and other natural attributes, and human social and economic activities and other social attributes of the water environment giant system merits of a scientific evaluation system, which for the water environment pollution prevention and scientific management decision-making basis. This paper presents the evaluation of water environment system engineering methods, the method takes into account the water environment facilities and managerial factors, etc., may reflect the situation of water environment of the objective entity.
Superiority of Prefabricated Green Rubber Track and Analysis of Tongxin Products - Taking Tongxin Products in Guangzhou, China for Example
Authors: Cui Hai Ming , He Wei Dong
Published: May 2014

The technology and performance overhaul of prefabricated green rubber track series products are in full compliance with the construction of sports venues and the development trend of green concept advocated in current society, which indicates the broad market prospects of the product. This paper mainly applies the methods of documentary, mathematical statistics, field surveys and so on, to analyze the development background of prefabricated green rubber track products and Tongxin series products of Guangzhou in China. The research results show that compared with traditional polyurethane plastic track, prefabricated green rubber track series have five significant advantages over technology and performance, which can help gain more benefits; Tongxin series products of Guangzhou have advantages in content, attribute, scope, type, and cost performance; Tongxin products performance is excellent and outstanding, thus the products have obvious advantages and the team has strong strength.
Thermodynamic Simulation of the Oxidation Processes of Ag2Se by NaNO2
Authors: Nechvoglod Olga Vladimirovna , Selivanov Evgeny N. , Chumarev Vladimir , Toloknov Denis
Published: May 2014

The thermodynamic simulation of the oxidation processes of silver selenide by reagents such as NaNO2, NaNO3 and NaOH during their heat treatment has been conducted. Gibbs energy of silver selenide oxidation reactions has been estimated. It is shown as a reagent–oxidant of silver selenide it is rationally to use a mixture of sodium nitrite and sodium hydroxide. Oxidation of silver selenide during heat treatment together with sodium nitrite and sodium hydroxide is accompanied by the formation of soluble compounds such as Na2SeO3 and Na2SeO4, silver being passed in the metallic state. Separation coefficients characterizing oxidation efficiency and the level of selenium transfer in soluble compounds were estimated. Using the data the separation method of materials containing selenides by means of their sintering with sodium-containing reagents is proposed. The method is based on the transfer of selenium in the water-soluble compounds followed by leaching, precious metals being the elemental state. The products obtained are suitable for the production of selenium and precious metals by traditional technologies.
Experimental Study of Micro-Cracks in Laboratory and In Situ Using Infrared Thermography
Authors: Barreira E. , de Freitas S.S. , de Freitas V.P. , Delgado João M.P.Q.
Published: May 2014

Non-destructive techniques are essential to detect common pathologies and analyse the building behaviour. Infrared thermography is a testing technology that has been applied to buildings diagnosis for some decades. However, there are still some applications which are not yet completely explored like the detection of micro-cracks on façade coating materials.
Phase Growth in Amorphous Si-Cu and Si-Co Systems: Combination of SNMS, XPS, XRD, and APT Techniques
Authors: Parditka B. , Verezhak Mariana , Ibrahim Mohammed
Published: May 2014

Abstract. It is shown, by the combination of SNMS, (Secondary Neutral Mass Spectrometry), XRD, XPS and APT (Atom Probe Technique) that the growth of the Cu3Si crystalline layer at 408 K between the amorphous Si and nanocrystalline Cu thin films follows a linear law and the shifts of the Cu3Si/Cu and Cu3Si/a-Si interfaces approximately equally contributed to the growth of this phase. It is also illustrated that the Si atoms diffuse fast into the grain boundaries of the nanocrystalline Cu, leading to Si segregation. Both the SNMS and APT results indicate that even during the deposition of Cu on the amorphous Si an intermixed region is formed at the interface. This region easily transforms into a homogeneous Cu3Si crystalline reaction layer subsequently which further grows following apparently an interface controlled linear kinetics. Similar experiments performed in Co/a-Si system to study the formation and growth kinetics of the intermetallic phase. However, interestingly, homogenous formation of the new phase at the Co/a-Si interface was not always observed.
Mass Transfer around a Sphere Buried in a Packed Bed
Authors: Delgado João M.P.Q. , Vázquez da Silva M.
Published: May 2014

The transport phenomenon of mass transfers between a moving fluid and a reacting sphere buried in a packed bed, with “uniform velocity”, was analysed numerically, for solute transport by both advection and diffusion to obtain the concentration field and, from it, the dimensionless concentration boundary layer thickness, , for , and . The bed of inert particles is taken to have uniform voidage.
For this purpose, numerical solutions of the partial differential equations describing mass concentration of the solute were undertaken to obtain the concentration boundary layer thickness as a function of the relevant parameters.
Finally, mathematical expressions that relate the dependence with the Peclet number and inert particle diameter are proposed to describe the approximate size of the concentration boundary layer thickness.
New Die Concept for Self-Pierce Riveting Materials with Limited Ductility
Authors: Drossel Welf Guntram , Jäckel Mathias
Published: May 2014

Lightweight materials, such as aluminum die castings, are used more and more for automotive applications. Due to the limited weldability, joining these materials by self-pierce riveting has been established. The challenge in this regard is that these materials, especially new high strength aluminum die castings, have a limited ductility, while the joining processes locally induce large plastic deformations. Consequently, joining by forming of these materials can be accompanied by cracks, which develop during the forming operation. This paper shows the experimental and numerical investigation of a new die concept for self-pierce riveting materials with limited ductility. At the new tool concept the riveting die is separated and a movable die element is used. This element allows that the parts are superimposed with compressive stresses during the self-pierce riveting process. In the paper it can be shown, that in contrast to the conventional process crack-free joints can be generated by using the new tool concept. Determination of the joining parameters and the die design was supported by simulative investigations. Additionally, the new and the conventional self-pierce riveting process are compared on the basis of results from the experimental investigations.
Computing Flatness Defects in Sheet Rolling by Arlequin and Asymptotic Numerical Methods
Authors: Kpogan Kekeli , Tampango Yendoubouam , Zahrouni Hamid , Potier-Ferry Michel , Ben Dhia Hachmi
Published: May 2014

Rolling of thin sheets generally induces flatness defects due to thermo-elastic deformation of rolls. This leads to heterogeneous plastic deformations throughout the strip width and then to out of plane displacements to relax residual stresses. In this work we present a new numerical technique to model the buckling phenomena under residual stresses induced by rolling process. This technique consists in coupling two finite element models: the first one consists in a three dimensional model based on 8-node tri-linear hexahedron which is used to model the three dimensional behaviour of the sheet in the roll bite; we introduce in this model, residual stresses from a full simulation of rolling (a plane-strain elastoplastic finite element model) or from an analytical profile. The second model is based on a shell formulation well adapted to large displacements and rotations; it will be used to compute buckling of the strip out of the roll bite. We propose to couple these two models by using Arlequin method. The originality of the proposed algorithm is that in the context of Arlequin method, the coupling area varies during the rolling process. Furthermore we use the asymptotic numerical method (ANM) to perform the buckling computations taking into account geometrical nonlinearities in the shell model. This technique allows one to solve nonlinear problems using high order algorithms well adapted to problems in the presence of instabilities. The proposed algorithm is applied to some rolling cases where “edges-waves” and “center-waves” defects of the sheet are observed.
Simplified Modelling of the Infrared Heating Involving the Air Convection Effect before the Injection Stretch Blowing Moulding of PET Preform
Authors: Luo Yun Mei , Chevalier Luc , Utheza Francoise , Nicolas Xavier
Published: May 2014

Initial heating conditions and temperature effects (heat transfer with air and mould, self-heating, conduction) have important influence during the ISBM process of PET preforms. The numerical simulation of infrared (IR) heating taking into account the air convection around a PET preform is very time-consuming even for 2D modelling. This work proposes a simplified approach of the coupled heat transfers (conduction, convection and radiation) in the ISBM process based on the results of a complete IR heating simulation of PET sheet using ANSYS/Fluent. First, the simplified approach is validated by comparing the experimental temperature distribution of a PET sheet obtained from an IR camera with the numerical results of the simplified simulation. Second, we focus on the more complex problem of the rotating PET preform heated by IR lamps. This problem cannot be modeled in 2D and the complete 3D approach is out of calculation possibilities actually. In our approach, the IR heating flux coming from IR lamps is calculated using radiative laws adapted to the test geometry. Finally, the simplified approach used on the 2D plane sheet case to model the air convection is applied to the heat transfer between the cylindrical preform and ambient air using a simple model in Comsol where only the preform is meshed. In this case, the effect of the rotation of the preform is taken into account in the radiation flux by a periodic time function. The convection effect is modeled through the thermal boundary conditions at the preform surface using the heat transfer coefficients exported from the simulations of the IR heating of a PET sheet with ANSYS/Fluent. The temperature distribution on the outer surface of the preform is compared to the thermal imaging for validation.
First Utilization of Energy Transfer in Structured Light Projection - Infrared 3D Scanner
Authors: Wiedenmann Ernst , Scholz Thomas , Schott Robert , Tusch Jan , Wolf Andreas
Published: May 2014

In industrial metrology, the system of fringe projection for the fast determination of 3D surface data has been established. The combination of areal and structured projection with two-dimensional optical sensors and triangulation measurement principle allows very high measurement point densities with reasonable accuracy. There are great difficulties with high gloss surfaces and with very dark surfaces for state of the art systems. Transparent materials cannot be measured using the visible spectrum of light. We have therefore developed a new structured light projection system that solves these problems. For the first time the physical principle of energy conversion is utilized in areal structured light projection. We are presenting first results to show the advantages and the capability of this new measurement principle.
Realization of Non-Mechanical Lateral and Axial Confocal Microscopic Laser Scanning with a Phase only Liquid Crystal Spatial Light Modulator
Authors: Qu Jian Qi , Zou Li Min , Chen Yan Jun , Ding Xue Mei
Published: May 2014

It is proposed in this paper to use phase only liquid crystal spatial light modulators to realize non-mechanical lateral and axial confocal microscopic laser scanning. With a phase only liquid crystal spatial light modulator used as a scanner to realize laser beam deflection, a confocal microscopic lateral beam scanning system is designed. A zoom illuminating lens is formed by incorporating a liquid crystal spatial light modulator along the confocal illumination light path, and thus the focus of the objective lens is axially shifted to realize the axial non-mechanical scanning. The theoretical analyses indicate that phase only liquid crystal spatial light modulators can be used to realize non-mechanical 3D confocal microscopic laser scanning.
An Approach to On-Line Uncertainty Evaluation in Non-Contact Temperature Measurements
Authors: Ionov Anton , Ionov Boris , Chernysheva Nadezhda , Plotkin Egor
Published: May 2014

The article is devoted to the suggested technique of on-line uncertainty calculation in non-contact temperature measurements, which can be used as a basic algorithm for smart measuring systems, e.g. intelligent radiation thermometers. As the initial data for uncertainty evaluation we use a priori information about heat detector characteristics, calibration curves along with their related uncertainties, estimated ambient temperature and external information of correction factor that should be inputted in a probabilistic form. We suggest utilizing models based on a characteristic function, in order to evaluate the combined uncertainty. In our opinion, the discussed principles are applicable for lots of other areas of measurement, especially, where it is critical to improve effectiveness of subsequent decision-making.
Valveless Micropump with Saw-Tooth Microchannel
Authors: Xu Ying Hua , Yan Wei Ping , Guo Li
Published: May 2014

The micropump is the executive component in a microfluidic chip which impels the sample to flow. Its performance directly affects the precision and reliability of Micro Total Analysis Systems (μTAS), and it also plays a key role in the targeting transport of trace substances. The single and double chamber valveless micropumps with saw-tooth microchannel were designed. The saw-tooth diffuser/nozzle pipe was fabricated on chrome glass substrate using MEMS technology and the pump diaphragm was manufactured by PMMA material. The piezoelectric bimorph with cantilever beam was adopted as driving pump actuator and PDMS material as pump diaphragm. The valveless micropumps for both single and double chambers were formed with different saw-tooth structure parameters. The flow rate increased about 25% when the sidewall of microchannel changed from smooth to saw-tooth, and with the driving voltage increasing, the positive and negative flow difference of saw-tooth diffuser/nozzle pipe increased significantly, so does the micro pump flow rate. The best diffused angle θ was determined by the microchannel length L of saw-tooth diffuser/nozzle pipe, and the micro pump operated with its maximum flow rate only when the length-width ratio A reached the best value. The flow rate of a saw-tooth diffuser/nozzle valveless micropump with parallel double chambers increased approximately 30% than that of a single chamber.
Recommendations for Unified Rules for Key Comparison Evaluation
Authors: Härtig Frank , Bosse Harald , Krystek Michael
Published: May 2014

Key comparison (KC) measurements are the backbone of validating the calibration and measurement capability (CMC) of national metrology institutes (NMIs) against each other. Recommendations providing procedures for the preparation and execution of KCs as well as supplementary comparisons are given. They are justified by mathematical reasoning and by aspects of practical use. Arguments and a formal description of calculating the key comparison reference value (KCRV) by its weighted mean based on the expanded measurement uncertainty expressed by a confidence level of 95 % will be presented. Moreover, it will be explained why the calculation of the normalized error relates to the weighted mean only and why its absolute value for the expanded measurement uncertainty shall be below 1 to pass the equivalence criterion (En) of comparability. A deeper discussion is given on how reference values and measurement results shall be treated if few individual measurement results differ significantly from the others. Finally, it will be explained how the proposed style of the graphical presentation of measurement results allows a clear visual interpretation of the comparison. Besides the formal description, numerical examples and diagrams are presented.
Graphical Hardware Description as a High-Level Design Entry Method for FPGA-Based Data Acquisition Systems
Authors: Landmann Christoph , Kall Rolf
Published: May 2014

Probably one of the most significant developments in the field of software-defined multifunction data acquisition systems and devices is the employment of FPGA (Field-Programmable GateArray) technology, resulting in a tremendous digital processing potential close to the I/O pin. FPGA technology is based on reconfigurable semiconductor devices which can be employed as processing targets in heterogeneous computing architectures for a variety of data acquisition applications. They can primarily be characterized by generic properties, such as deterministic execution, inherent parallelism, fast processing speed and high availability, stability and reliability. Therefore FPGAs areparticularly suitable for use in “intelligent” data acquisition applications that require either in-line digital signal co-processing or real-time system emulation in the field of advanced control, protocol aware communication, hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) as well as RF and wireless test. From the perspective of a domain expert however, primarily being focused on developing applications and algorithms, simple and intuitive design entry methods and tools are required that facilitate the FPGA configuration and design entry process. Traditional FPGA design entry methods and commercially available tools assume a comprehensive knowledge of hardware description languages (HDL),such as VHDL or Verilog®, and implement a process or function at register-level. In contrast, graphical hardware description languages for FPGAs, such as the integrated development environment NI LabVIEW® with FPGA module extension, abstract the design process by means of graphical objects, I/O nodes and interconnecting wires that represent the FPGA’s IP and implement processes, timing, I/O integration and data flow. This paper discusses the advantages of graphical system design for FPGAs over text-based alternatives, introduces interfaces for the integration of 3rd party IP, all backed up by a detailed illustration of a COTS FPGA-based multifunction DAQ target compared to a traditional DAQ architecture.
Uncertainty Evaluation for Surgical Processes
Authors: Nau-Hermes Maria , Pollmanns Sebastian , Schmitt Robert
Published: May 2014

Principles of uncertainty evaluation for measurement processes and capability studies for production processes have been known for several years and are established in many producing enterprises where they ensure capable and controlled processes. The ability to quantify the processes risk is also desirable for a completely different field, for medical surgery. Especially for new and minimally invasive surgery it is very important to estimate and state the risk of the surgical intervention for the individual patient. To achieve this, principles of metrology and production engineering are transferred to the medical domain and are exemplarily applied for minimally invasive surgery at the inner ear. The contribution shows how the individual patients risk can be expressed analogous to the calculation of capability indices (ISO 22514-1) and how the patients risk for this intervention is directly affected by uncertainty contributions along the surgical process chain.
Characterization and Correction of Geometric Errors Induced by Thermal Drift in CT Measurements
Authors: de Oliveira Fabrício Borges , de Campos Porath Maurício , Nardelli Vitor Camargo , Arenhart Francisco Augusto , Donatelli Gustavo Daniel
Published: May 2014

The occurrence of thermal drift in industrial computed tomography (CT) systems has been reported as a significant source of error on geometrical evaluations. During CT-scans, heating inside the cabinet and varying environmental conditions may affect the position of the focal spot and distort the manipulator system, leading to relative displacement of X-ray projections and distortions in the reconstructed 3D image. This paper presents an experimental investigation on influence of the thermal effects on dimensional CT measurements. A correction method based on the manipulation of the projections was developed and evaluated. The method consists in repeating the acquisition of first projection at the end of the scan and calculating the displacement vector between these projections. The remaining projections are then corrected proportionally to this displacement. The results showed a significant reduction of the roundness deviation values measured on a precision sphere after the correction.
Measuring the Rail Profiles of a Long Hydrostatic Guideway in a Precision Roll Lathe
Authors: Oh Jeong Seok , Park Chun Hong , Jeong Ji Hun
Published: May 2014

A system for measuring the rail profiles of a long hydrostatic guideway is proposed and applied to a precision roll lathe. The rail profiles, consisting of rail form errors and a parallelism error, are measured with four capacitive probes placed on the two rail surfaces, and a laser interferometer with angular optics. The form error of each rail is measured using a mixed sequential two-probe method, while the parallelism error between the rails is measured with two opposing capacitive probes. To eliminate the necessity for additional guidance mechanisms, theprobe table is guided by air bearings and the rails being measured. To verify the measurement results, two self-verification techniques are suggested and tested. Firstly, the linear motion errors of the probe table on the two rails are compared, yielding a difference of 0.79 μm in 2σ. Secondly, the sum of the rail form errors is compared with the slope-removed sum of the two capacitive probes used for the parallelism measurement, yielding a difference of 0.81 μm in 2σ. According to the self-verification results, the accuracy of the proposed measurement method is about 1 μm for a rail length of 2,825 mm.
Precision Control of Laser Beam Based on Liquid Crystal Spacial Light Modulator in Ultro-Precision Manufacturing
Authors: Zhang Jian , Wu Li Ying , Wang Dong
Published: May 2014

Laser beam precision control in ultro-precision manufacturing or other applications is to manipulate the beam pointing, intensity distribution, shape, far field patterns and so on. The method of beam control we used is different from traditional way that with mechanical inertia parts. The Liquid Crystal Spacial Light Modulator (LCSLM) is an electronic controlled, programmable diffractive device, which is able to modulate the phase of incident beam, therefore generate the objective patterns in far field. To establish the relationship between phase distribution of LCSLM and the far field objective function that represents the requirement of application, FFT and improved G-S algorithm are employed. Multi-beam focal point 3D control, beam shaping from Gaussian distribution to square and annular distribution with flat-top are discussed. They were studied in both theoretical and experimental ways. The results are evaluated by using error of root mean square and diffraction efficiency, which are less than 1% and higher than 90%, respectively.
Improving the Accuracy of a Multi-Arm-Robot-System by Parameter Identification of the Single Arms
Authors: Detert Tim , Mannheim Tom , Hüsing Mathias , Corves Burkhard
Published: May 2014

Based on a novel handling concept, the reconfigurable modular multi-arm robot system PARAGRIP is able to handle objects with six DOF by including them into a parallel kinematic structure. The properties of this repeatedly new created parallel structure can be adjusted by appropriate choice of the grasping-and base points to gain optimal performances for a given task. As kinematic parameters determine the transmission behavior and properties of the structure, deviations in the kinematic control model induce positioning errors of the object. In this work, the reduction of these positioning errors is investigated by parameter identification of the implemented kinematic parameters for a single robotic arm. After deriving the kinematic relations of the system, the pose is measured using an external referencing system. Meaningful kinematic parameters are identified and it is shown that the accuracy of each arm can be increased significantly.
Automated Tool for Measuring Nanotopography of 300 mm Wafers at early Stages of Wafer Production
Authors: Tröger Bastian , Mühlig Alexander , Fries Thomas , Bauer Stefan , Wihr Hubert , Riedel Frank , Lewke Dirk , Schellenberger Martin
Published: May 2014

Leading edge lithography processes require silicon wafers of nearly perfect flatness. In order to improve wafer manufacturing processes as well as the wafer quality, already early manufacturing processes like grinding and lapping have to be monitored. Assessment of nanotopography (NT) is an established approach to analyze surface features in a spatial wavelength range of 0.2 to 20 mm on silicon wafers end of line. This paper presents a fully automated measurement tool to measure NT on wafers with low reflectivity and wafer sizes up to 300 mm, based on the FRT MicroProf® MFE series. The system features a newly developed white-light interferometry sensor with a field of view of approximately 85 x 85 mm2. 16 single measurements are stitched to cover the entire surface of a 300 mm wafer. An NT analysis optimized stitching algorithm was developed in order to combine the individual images to a complete wafer map. The stitched map of the non-polished wafer is subsequently high-pass filtered and analyzed to quantify NT. Measurement system analysis studies provided repeatability values below 1 nm at a throughput of > 20 wafer/h.
Outcome of 45 Dogs With Laryngeal Paralysis Treated by Unilateral Arytenoid Lateralization or Bilateral Ventriculocordectomy
Authors: Bahr Katherine L. , Howe Lisa , Jessen Carl , Goodrich Zachary
Published: May 2014

The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess risk factors and complications affecting postoperative outcome of dogs with laryngeal paralysis treated by either unilateral arytenoid lateralization (UAL) or bilateral ventriculocordectomy (VCC). Medical records of all dogs having either UAL or VCC between 2000 and 2011 were analyzed. Twenty-five dogs had VCC and 20 dogs had UAL. The overall postoperative complications rates for VCC and UAL were similar (52% and 60%, respectively; P = .0887). Dogs that had UAL were more likely to have acute postoperative respiratory distress and aspiration pneumonia (P = .0526). Dogs with VCC were more likely to have chronic postoperative respiratory distress and aspiration pneumonia (P = .0079). Revision surgery was required in 6 dogs (24%) following VCC and 2 dogs (10%) following UAL. Sex, breed, presenting complaint, type of service provided, and concurrent diseases were not significantly associated with higher risk of either death or decreased survival time postoperatively with either procedure. Overall postoperative complication rates, required revision surgeries, and episodes of aspiration pneumonia were similar in dogs undergoing UAL and VCC surgeries. Dogs that had VCC appeared to have an increased risk of lifelong complications postoperatively compared with UAL; therefore, VCC may not be the optimal choice for treatment of laryngeal paralysis.
Advanced Imaging Techniques in the Diagnosis of Nonlesional Epilepsy: MRI, MRS, PET, and SPECT
Authors: Pardoe Heath , Kuzniecky Ruben
Published: May 2014

Once patients have a diagnosis of localization related epilepsy (LRE), it is critical to further classify those patients into lesional or nonlesional for treatment and prognostic reasons. An individual with LRE may be classified as nonlesional for two reasons: 1) a lesion may not exist; that is, the structural abnormality that gives rise to seizures may be at the channel level or be spatially distributed in such a way that it would not be accurately termed a lesion, or 2) a lesion exists but is so subtle that standard clinical imaging is not sensitive enough to discriminate between the lesion and surrounding healthy brain tissue. As with any technology and disease process, this definition is dynamic, as we know that future imaging techniques will be developed and new disease mechanisms will be discovered, making detection of the epileptogenic underlying abnormality an ever-changing target.
A taxonomic review of the genus Asterostegus (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea), with the description of a new species – Corrigendum
Authors: Okanishi Masanori , Fujita Toshihiko
Published: May 2014

no abstract
Analyse exploratoire de l’intégration des jeunes migrants qualifiés dans les métropoles de Montréal (Québec) et Porto Alegre (Rio Grande do Sul, Brésil)
Authors: Brandt Grazielle Betina , Côté Serge
Published: May 2014

Dans le cadre d’une recherche exploratoire sur la migration interne des jeunes qualifiés, nous nous sommes intéressés au processus de leur intégration en milieu métropolitain et avons tenté d’identifier les modes d’appropriation réelle et symbolique de l’espace que les jeunes pratiquent tout au long de leur trajectoire. Pour certains jeunes qui migrent, l’installation en milieu métropolitain suscite quelques appréhensions. Pour d’autres, leur insertion dans la métropole se présente comme une expérience enrichissante et valorisée des points de vue social et culturel. Nos observations sur le parcours d’intégration dans l’espace métropolitain proviennent d’un corpus d’entrevues avec des jeunes qualifiés du Brésil (20 entrevues) et du Québec (20 entrevues). Nous avons cherché à documenter les difficultés éprouvées par les jeunes, les stratégies qu’ils ont mises en oeuvre et les soutiens dont ils ont pu bénéficier pour réaliser leur processus d’intégration.
L’intervention sociale territoriale en trois questions
Authors: Tremblay Pierre-André
Published: May 2014

Cet article s’interroge sur l’intervention territoriale en insistant sur l’ambiguïté, voire l’imprécision, du concept de territoire. Trois questions sont posées, chacune s’inspirant d’une expérience de recherche particulière. La première porte sur les rapports entre le territoire et la communauté, c’est-à-dire les liens sociaux qui constituent le territoire en réalité sociale. La deuxième question considère l’enjeu de la pauvreté. La dernière question est celle de l’innovation, condition indispensable à des pratiques territoriales adaptées aux changements sociaux contemporains. L’article montre comment ces questions sont de portée générale et devraient être au coeur des préoccupations de toute intervention territoriale.
L’écologie politique de la ville
Authors: Durand-Folco Jonathan
Published: May 2014

Loin de se limiter à l’évangile de l’éco-efficience de l’urbanisme durable, l’écologie politique de la ville vise à favoriser la relocalisation économique, le développement communautaire et la démocratie participative à travers la promotion de la « sphère autonome ». Néanmoins, l’extension de cette sphère nécessite du temps, actuellement contraint par la logique économique du régime postfordiste. Une défense du revenu suffisant garanti sera présentée à partir de la perspective de l’écologie politique et la pensée d’André Gorz, afin de montrer comment la libération du temps permet de multiplier les activités autonomes au sein de l’espace urbain.
Story People: Stó:lō-State Relations and Indigenous Literacies in British Columbia, 1864–1874
Authors: Harvey Megan
Published: May 2014

The Stó:lō are a group of approximately 28 different communities, which share a common language and culture in what is now generally known as the Lower Fraser Valley of southwestern British Columbia. Between 1864 and 1874, Stó:lō and neighbouring tribes presented four petitions to the colonial and (after 1871) federal government. The survival of so many Indigenous texts from this era that speak directly to the state offers a rare interpretive opportunity. In a relatively brief period of time, colonial and then provincial authorities rapidly obtained increased control over both lands and people in the emerging province. Simultaneously, Halkomelem-speaking peoples in the region swiftly developed new cultural literacies, among which was a facility with one of the central technologies of settler power: writing. As we will see in the following discussion, the earliest forms of Indigenous writing we have for this period are about land and Stó:lō peoples’ relationships with settler authorities. This series of petitions traces an important shift in settler-Indigenous relations, while also revealing a great deal about Indigenous ideas around literacy and how settler appropriation of Stó:lō land was challenged from the very earliest days. Throughout, a focus on story demonstrates how the struggles over land that have characterized Indigenous-state relations in British Columbia are also, inextricably, a struggle for narrative power.
Licensing Requirements and Occupational Mobility Among Highly Skilled New Immigrants in Canada
Authors: Banerjee Rupa , Phan Mai
Published: May 2014

The present study compares the occupational trajectories of highly skilled immigrants in regulated occupations to those outside of the regulated occupations, from their pre-migration occupation, to their first job in Canada, and to subsequent jobs. Licensing requirements are likely to affect new immigrants’ occupational trajectories since they have a direct effect on how employers assess qualifications. This study utilizes growth curve modeling (GCM) and a unique dataset that contains detailed information on new immigrants’ experiences in Canada: the Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada (LSIC).

Our findings indicate that immigrants working in regulated occupations prior to migration who are unable to find jobs in regulated occupations in Canada face a significantly greater drop in occupational status when they first arrive than those working in unregulated professions in their home country. Furthermore, their occupational progression over time is not faster than that of their counterparts from unregulated professions. Those who worked in unregulated fields prior to migration but found jobs in regulated fields in Canada experience an improvement in their occupational status after migration. Lastly, for those who worked in regulated professions in their home country and were able to find jobs within regulated fields in Canada, initial occupational status scores are similar to their scores in their country of origin, and there is little change in occupational status with time in Canada.

The results of this study highlight the importance of ensuring that the licensing process is made easier to navigate for new immigrants. Our findings clearly indicate that immigrants who are able to successfully enter a regulated profession soon after migration fare much better in terms of occupational status than those who are unable to become licensed.
Les effets possibles de la formation sur la productivité : l’apport de données longitudinales
Authors: Bernier Amélie
Published: May 2014

Cet article analyse les effets possibles des dépenses de formation formelle sur la productivité des entreprises canadiennes. Si certains travaux mesurent l’intensité de la formation en entreprise à partir de données longitudinales, les résultats obtenus demeurent partagés. Les différences observées dans les résultats antérieurs peuvent être expliquées notamment par les données disponibles, le type de formation, la mesure de formation et les biais techniques influençant cette relation. Cette recherche s’appuie essentiellement sur la théorie du capital humain.

Notre étude s’appuie sur les données de l’Enquête sur les milieux de travail et les employés (EMTE) de Statistique Canada de 1999 à 2005, auprès d’un échantillon de 1621 emplacements où, nous modélisons la relation entre la formation et la productivité à l’aide d’une fonction de production Cobb-Douglas, en intégrant les investissements en capital physique et une variable technologique. Ceci nous permet de montrer que les dépenses de formation contribuent à accroître la performance des établissements, via la productivité, de façon progressive dans le temps. Ces dépenses effectuées au cours d’une année donnée influent significativement sur la productivité jusqu’à trois années plus tard, là où elles atteignent leur maximum d’effet, pour se stabiliser par la suite. Toutefois, ces résultats permettent de soulever un paradoxe : celui de la rentabilité observée des dépenses de formation d’un côté, mais, de l’autre, l’hésitation du monde des affaires à investir en cette matière pour leurs propres employés. Nos résultats suggérent également que les investissements en formation au sein des entreprises devraient être considérés davantage comme un atout, plutôt qu’une simple obligation financière à l’appui d’une stratégie globale de développement des compétences au sein des entreprises.