bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SONET: SYNCHRONOUS OPTICAL NETWORK STANDARDS
Authors: HEALY EILEEN M.
Published: November 2004

Fundamental worldwide standards for high speed telecommunications networks were approved in 1988. In the United States these standards are referred to by the acronym SONET, meaning Synchronous Optical Network. Since 1988, SONET has become a common term in the telecommunications lexicon. It defines a digital signal hierarchy beginning at 51.840 Mb/s for networking a wide variety of voice, video, and data services. Deployment of technology based on these standards will provide a platform for enhancing existing networks and delivering sophisticated new services. This paper describes the basic attributes and capabilities of SONET.
The Effect of Berberine on Bilirubin Excretion in the Rat
Authors: Chan Mo Yin
Published: November 2004

Berberine-containing herbs have been used in folk medicine to relieve neonatal jaundice. In the present investigation, the acute and chronic effects of berberine on bilirubin excretion were studied in rats. Acute doses of berberine were found to increase the secretion of bilirubin in experimental hyperbilirubinemia without affecting the UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity and BSP clearance. Continuous treatment abolished this effect. This apparent tolerance could be attributed to the inhibitory action of chronic berberine treatment on UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity, but the mechanism of this inhibition was not elucidated. Liver microsomal protein concentration, ethlymorphine N-demethylation, and BSP clearance were unchanged.
Effects of Fructus Gardeniae Extract on Hepatic Function
Authors: KONG Y. C. , CHE C. T. , YIP T. T. , CHANG H. M.
Published: November 2004

This article discusses the effects of Fructus Gardeniae extract on hepatic function. Fructus Gardeniae extract manifested no hepatotoxic effects on rats, as shown by alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase studies. Fructus Gardeniae extract failed to activate the UDP-glucuronyltransferase system; whereas in hyperbilirubinemic state the enzyme was activated, presumably by substrate induction. Fructus Gardeniae extract increased the activity of UDP-glucose dehydrogenase, which would result in an increase in availability of UDP-glucuronic acid intracellularly. BSP clearance study showed an unexpected impairment of hepatic uptake of the dye after extract treatment. The action mechanism involved in lowering of serum bilirubin level by Fructus Gardeniae extract may well be complex; it is probably acting on a locus other than glucuronyl transferase.
Yunnan Bai Yao-Induced Platelet Release in Suspensions of Washed Platelets
Authors: CHEW E. C.
Published: November 2004

The effects of Yunnan Bai Yao on platelets was investigated in the absence of plasma co-factors. Platelets were washed with Tyrode's solution and incubated with this herbal drug at 37°C. It was found that this drug can, to a lesser extent, also induce the release of platelet constituents in the absence of the plasma co-factors. The possible action of this drug is also discussed.
Acupuncture in Chronic Pain
Authors: Spoerel W. E.
Published: November 2004

A course of 10 daily acupuncture treatments was given to 200 patients who suffered from chronic pain syndromes of at least one year duration and the result assessed at the end of the course of treatment and after an interval of at least 2 months. Treatments were individualized using needling of body loci distally and near the site of pain, and ear acupuncture. In 38 patients suffering from chronic headaches, including 13 cases of migraine-type headache, 81% reported an improvement in their condition, but only one patient was pain free for the 2-month observation period. In 162 patients with other chronic pain problems, 99 or 61% were improved or pain free at the end of treatment; in 69 of these a worthwhile degree of improvement persisted over the observation period of 2 months. Thirteen percent of all patients did not respond to acupuncture and in 26% the response was considered as transient only. Daily treatments are not more effecitve than weekly or biweekly treatments. Pain in the neck and shoulder region, in the knee and low back pain responded to acupuncture with prolonged improvement in over 50% of the patients treated. Facial pain syndromes and pain in the region of the trunk were least responsive and only 3 of 11 patients with post-herpetic neuralgia reported still having less pain after 2 months. Needling of effective loci and particuarly ear needling often causes an instantaneous reduction or disappearance of pain; the speed of this response can only be explained by a mechanism within the nervous system. Based on our experience acupuncture represents a useful therapeutic modality in the management of pain.
The Chemistry of Chinese Drugs
Authors: Shibata Shoji
Published: November 2004

Some herbal drugs commonly used in Chinese medicine have been studied chemically in correlation with their biological activities. In many cases it has been recognized that some characteristic chemical constituents could represent the therapeutical actions of the drugs. It is noted that elucidation of their chemical structures in view of the structure-activity relationship provides scientific evidence for the beneficial uses of traditional drugs in health care and, furthermore, promotes the discovering of new therapeutics from them. The principles of Chinese drugs are distributed widely among almost all the chemical groups of natural products, for example, simple phenolics, lignan, flavonoid, quinonoid, lower terpenes, triterpenoid, steroid, true alkaloid, protoalkaloid or amines and simple and polymolecular carbonhydrates. In the present article, the chemical principles of some important Chinese drugs currently used are discussed mainly on the basis of our own investigations, and we refer to other works for a general understanding of the present status on the chemical approach to studies of Chinese drugs and medicines.
Acupuncture Points of the Cranial Nerves
Authors: Dung H.C.
Published: November 2004

An attempt is made to name most of the acupuncture points in the face and forehead region using anatomic nomenclature known to western medicine. All acupuncture points in the face and forehead region are located along terminal or cutaneous branches of the trigeminal nerve and the motor points formed between muscular branches of the facial nerve to the muscles of facial expression. It is believed such nomenclatures will be comprehensible to basic medical scientists and clinical practitioners who have knowledge of anatomical sciences.
Schistosomiasis in China: An Update
Authors: Basch Paul F.
Published: November 2004

A study tour in China provided information on the current status of schistosomiasis. Although many counties have been cleared of Oncomelania snails, problem areas still exist in the lakes region of the central Yangtze Valley, in hilly or mountainous terrain, and where water level cannot be controlled. In the central Yangtze area the main reservoir of infection is now considered to be cattle. It was estimated that the prevalence of schistosomiasis in 1983 was about 2.4 million cases, mostly light. Considerable effort is being made to develop immunodiagnostic methods to identify the relatively few and often subclinical cases that occur in sparsely endemic areas. Nationwide eradication does not seem feasible at present, necessitating continued surveillance to maintain and consolidate progress and prevent reintroduction of the parasite or its host snails in areas freed from the disease.
Wen-Jing-Tang, a Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine Increases Luteinizing Hormone Release In Vitro
Authors: Miyake Akira , Lee Jin-Woo , Tasaka Keiichi , Ohtsuka Shirou , Aono Toshihiro
Published: November 2004

For examination of the effect on luteinizing hormone (LH) release of Wen-Jing-Tang, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, the pituitary from normal female rats in diestrus was perifused alone or in sequence with the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) in a sequential double-chamber perifusion system. Wen-Jing-Tang at 5 or 500 μg/ml induced significant LH release (60-95 % increase) from the pituitary in series with the MBH, but had no effect on LH release from the pituitary perifused alone. These data suggest that Wen-Jing-Tang induces LH release from the pituitary through hypothalamic LH-RH.
A Comparative Study on the Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Content and the Pattern of Hepatic Pyrrolic Metabolite Accumulation in Mice Given Extracts of Eupatorium Plant Species, Crotalaria Assamica and an Indian Herbal Mixture
Authors: Zhao Xiang-Lan , Chan Mo-Yin , Kumana C.R. , Ogle C.W.
Published: November 2004

Plants belonging to the Eupatorium species, E. japonicum Thunb, E. fortunei and E. chinense, were found to contain very low concentrations of pyrrolizidine alkaloid compared with a known hepatotoxic Indian herbal mixture and Crotalaria assamica. High concentrations of pyrrolic metabolite were detected in lievres of mice given a single oral dose of extracts of Indian herbal mixture or C. assamica but not in the case of the Eupatorium species. Also, accumulation of pyrrole metabolites was not demonstrated with chronic administration of decoctions prepared from herbs of the Eupatorium species.
The Identification of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid-Containing Plants - A Study on 20 Herbs of the Compositae Family
Authors: Zhao Xiang-Lan , Chan Mo-Yin , Ogle C.W.
Published: November 2004

Twenty Chinese medicinal herbs of the Compositae family were investigated for the presence of pyrrolizidine alkaloid. Of these, only the Eupatorium species were shown to contain pyrrolizidine alkaloid. The amount present was found to vary with species, parts of the plant used, purchase sources and extraction methods. Possible toxicity from the use of these herbs is discussed.
Ovulation Following Combined Therapy with Wen-Jing-Tang and Clomiphene Citrate Therapy in Anovulatory Women
Authors: Yoshimoto Yasuhiro , Miyake Akira , Tasaka Keiichi , Aono Toshihiro , Tanizawa Osamu
Published: November 2004

The effect of combined therapy with Wen-Jing-Tang and clomiphene citrate on anovulation was studied in 16 infertile patients who did not respond to clomiphene citrate alone. Wen-Jing-Tang was given at a dose of 5 g a day every day from day 2 of the menstral cycles and clomiphene citrate was given at 150 mg a day for 5 days from day 5 of the cycle. Ovulation occurred in 43.8% of the patients and 48.6% of the cycles. No case of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome or pregnancy were observed. These results suggest that the combined therapy with Wen-Jing-Tang and clomisphene citrate should be used before therapy with human menopausal gonadotropin.
Medicinal Plants Used for the Treatment of Hepatitis in Taiwan
Authors: Lin Chun-Ching , Kan Woei-Song
Published: November 2004

In an extensive ethnobotanical survey of the folk medicines of Taiwan, 69 kinds of crude drugs and 107 species of medicinal plants were found to be used for hepatitis treatments. The present paper is to update a list of medicinal plants used in the treatment of hepatitis and evaluate their liver protection by ethnopharmacological and pathological studies. Results show that some of these drugs have prominent therapeutic effects. Further investigation regarding the anti-hepatotoxic principles will be made.
Hypotensive Action of Salvia miltiorrhiza Cell Culture Extract
Authors: Li C. P. , Yung K. H. , Chiu K. W.
Published: November 2004

Salvia miltiorrhiza cell culture extract (SCE) was shown to produce dose-dependent hypotensive response in normo-tensive rats. The mode of this hypotensive action was studied both in vivo and in vitro. This vasodepressor effect was not due to the pressence of cations (potassium, calcium and magnesium) in the extract. In pharmalogical antagonist studies, the hypotensive effect was shown not being mediated via the alpha-, beta-adrenoceptors, histamine receptors and autonomic ganglion; nor via direct vasodilation and diuresis. However, the vasodepressor effect was probably angiotensin-and/or bradykinin-related since captopril infusion potentiated the hypotensive effect of SCE. Furthermore, data indicated that the vasodepressor effect might be accounted for by the positive inotropic and negative chronotropic effects of SCE, the latter via its modulation of cholinergic activity.
Effects of a Japanese Medicinal Plant on the Rat Subtotal Nephrectomy Model: Evaluation of its Effect by Microvascular Casts
Authors: Kimura Kenjiro , Ogawa Sanae , Tojo Akihiro , Nanba Shinichiro
Published: November 2004

Effects of a Japanese medicinal plant named Sairei-To, were examined in a rat experimental renal disease. Thirteen weeks after subtotal nephrectomy, the blood pressures in rats given Sairei-To (Sairei-To rats) were lower that those without Sairei-To. The urinary protein excretions and glomerular sclerosis were markedly decreased in the Sairei-To treated rats. Arteriolar diameters were measured using microvascular casts. The afferent and efferent arterioles were both significantly dilatated. The efferent arterioles in Sairei-To rats were dilated to a greater extent than that of the afferent. These results indicated that Sairei-To lessened renal damages in the rat subtotal nephrectomy model, possibly through the blood pressure reduction and the efferent arteriolar dilatation.
Preliminary Study on Antiradiation Effect of Kuei-Pi-Tang
Authors: Hsu Hsue-Yin , Ho Yau-Hui , Lian Shi-Long , Lin Chun-Ching
Published: November 2004

In order to evaluate the potential action of Kuei-Pi-Tang as an antiradiation agent, colony forming units of bone marrow cells in the spleen (CFUs) were used. Different sequences of X-ray irradiation with or without Kuei-Pi-Tang administration in the groups of ICR strain mice were intraperitoneally injected 10mg/20g or 20mg/20g, once a day, for consecutive seven days before or after 4Gy X-ray irradiation. After the different treatments, whole blood was collected from the tail endings to observe the fluctuation of leukocytes, erythrocytes and thrombocytes. The administration of 20mg/20g was more effective than that of 10mg/20g. Lower radiosensitivity was observed with the treatment of 20mg/20g of Kui-Pi-Tang than that of 10mg/20g. The injection of Kuei-Pi-Tang accelerated the recovery of blood cell counts of leukocytes, erythrocytes and thrombocytes in mice irradiated with 4Gy, especially for leukocytes under the treatments with 20mg/20g of Kuei-Pi-Tang administered after irradiation.
SPEED OF SOUND IN NUCLEAR MATTER AND SKYRME EFFECTIVE INTERACTIONS
Authors: SU R.K. , KUO T.T.S.
Published: November 2004

Using a nuclear equation of state derived from a finite-temperature Green’s function method and the Skyrme effective interactions SkI, SkIII and SkM*, we have calculated the speed of sound in symmetric nuclear matter. For certain densities and temperatures, this speed is found to become super-luminous. Causal boundaries in the density-temperature plane are determined, and they indicate that SkM* is a more desirable effective interaction than SkI and SkIII. Comparison with a similar calculation by Osnes and Strottman is made.
COULOMB AND NUCLEAR FIELD EFFECTS ON TWO-BODY RESONANCES
Authors: KOMAROV V.V. , GREEN A.M. , POPOVA A.M. , SHABLOV V.L.
Published: November 2004

The influence of the fields of charged particles on two-particle resonances is discussed. One of the resonating particles can be charged. From few-body scattering theory there follows differential cross section formulae for the shapes and positions of the resonances. The resonances in the final states of the reactions 11 B (p, α)α, α, d(α, n) p, α and 7 Li (p, n)3 He , α are considered as examples. The possible changes in the forms and positions of mesonic resonances due to the influence of the other particles in the final states are also mentioned.
e+−e− HADRONIC MULTIPLICITY DISTRIBUTIONS
Authors: CARRUTHERS P. , SHIH C.C.
Published: November 2004

We have have analyzed the 29 GeV multiplicity data for e+−e−→ hadrons using the partially coherent laser distribution (PCLD). The latter interpolates between the negative binomial and Poisson distributions as the ratio S/N of coherent/incoherent multiplicity varies from zero to infinity. The negative binomial gives an excellent fit for rather large values of the cell parameter k. Equally good fits (for full and partial rapidity range, and for the forward/backward 2 jet correlation) are obtained for the mostly coherent (almost Poissonian) PCLD with small values of k (equal to the number of jets). The reasons for the existence of this tradeoff are explained in detail. The existence of the resulting ambiguity is traced to the insensitivity of the probability distribution to phase information in the hadronic density matrix. We recommend the study of higher order correlations (intensity interferometry) among like-sign particles to resolve this question.
OBSERVABLES IN SUPERSTRING INSPIRED MODELS WITH INTERMEDIATE MASS SCALES
Authors: FERUGLIO F. , GABBIANI F.
Published: November 2004

We build a realistic E6 superstring inspired model with intermediate mass scales, which has the characteristic feature of containing no extra U(1) factors in the low energy scenario. This may be acquired starting from a suitable Calabi-Yau compactification with b1.1>1, such to give rise, after Hosotani breaking, to the rank r=5 gauge group SU (3)C× SU (2)L×U(1)Y× U (1)E, that is broken at an intermediate mass scale down to the standard model group. The minimization of the low energy effective potential and the renormalization group analysis are quantitatively performed, yielding viable mass spectra.
CONSEQUENCES OF A HYPOTHETICAL LIGHT VECTOR BOSON IN NUCLEAR DECAYS
Authors: SCHÄFER A. , MÜLLER B. , REINHARDT J.
Published: November 2004

We show that a light neutral vector boson in the mass range 1–2 MeV with coupling to three photons would strongly mix with virtual photons in the presence of strong electric fields. Bounds on the strength of the vector boson-three photon interaction can be derived from the measure pair-conversion coefficients for excited states in heavy nuclei. A measurement of the 3γ decay rate of suitable nuclear excited states is suggested.
INEQUIVALENCE OF THE BRINK-SCHWARZ AND SIEGEL SUPERPARTICLES
Authors: ALLEN THEODORE J.
Published: November 2004

Dirac’s procedure is applied to the Brink-Schwarz and Siegel superparticle systems. Both systems are exhibited to have the same first-class constraints. The difference between the systems is the lack of second-class fermionic constraints in the Siegel superparticle. Thus the Siegel superparticle has a phase space with twice as many fermionic degrees of freedom as the Brink-Schwarz superparticle.
EXPLICIT FORM OF THE CHIRAL ANOMALY GRAPH IN HIGHER DIMENSIONS
Authors: McARTHUR R. , MANN R.B.
Published: November 2004

A derivation of the chiral anomaly graph in 2n-dimensions is given which is independent of any regularization scheme as well as any constraints imposed from vector-current conservation or Bose-symmetry. This yields an explicit form for the graph in which its previously derived n-fold ambiguity structure and finiteness are manifest. The chiral anomaly is shown to be equally distributed in each graph in the full amplitude, residing in the alternating sum of current divergences.
SCALING ANOMALIES IN KALUZA-KLEIN THEORY
Authors: DELBOURGO R. , THOMPSON G. , WEBER R.O.
Published: November 2004

The effect of Pauli interactions on the scaling anomaly is to add F4, (∂F)2 andm2F2 terms to the trace of the stress-tensor at one loop level, such terms being connected with renormalisation. However, when the sum over all modes is taken, these extra contributions vanish upon zeta-function regularisation.
ELECTROWEAK ANOMALY AND LEPTON ASYMMETRY
Authors: KOLB EDWARD W. , TURNER MICHAEL S.
Published: November 2004

It has recently been pointed out that shortly after the electroweak phase transition (t≃10−11 sec , T≃100–200 GeV ) there was a period of very effective baryon (and lepton) number violation driven by non-perturbative effects arising from the electroweak anomaly. Here we argue that as a result of these electroweak interactions the total asymmetry in leptons must be equal and opposite to the baryon asymmetry: L≡∑iLi=Le+Lμ+Lr=−B. Since the individual lepton numbers can be positive or negative, this does not preclude any large individual contribution, i.e., |Li|>B. This fact has important consequences for primordial nucleosynthesis if |Li|≳1.
THE WIDTHS OF 4f LEVELS IN ANTIPROTONIC ATOMS IN THE OXYGEN REGION USING REALISTIC NUCLEAR WAVEFUNCTIONS
Authors: HAAPAKOSKI P.
Published: November 2004

The widths of the 4f levels of the antiprotonic atoms in the oxygen region are calculated using realistic nuclear shell model wavefunctions. The results are shown to be quite sensitive to the asymptotic behaviour of these wavefunctions. However, with a sensible prescription for the wavefunctions the results do not differ significantly from the corresponding results obtained using harmonic oscillator wavefunctions—the differences improving the earlier overall agreement with experiment.
IS THE INVISIBLE HADRONIC AXION ALWAYS HARMLESS?
Authors: CHENG HAI-YANG
Published: November 2004

In the Dine-Fischler-Srednicki-Zhitnitsky (DFSZ) axion model, if the invisible axion is hadronized (i.e. if the axion is made to decouple from leptons at tree level), it will be accompanied by a visible real Goldstone boson which interacts with both leptons and quarks. Consequently, the Higgs field coupled to right-handed leptons must also couple to right-handed d- or u-type quark singlets. Astrophysical bounds on viable hadronic axions are discussed.
EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT COUPLING CONSTANT EVOLUTION ON THE UNIFICATION SCALE
Authors: ENQVIST K. , KAJANTIE K.
Published: November 2004

We discuss how the evolution of gauge coupling constants is affected by a thermal bath, the existence of which is natural to assume in a cosmological context. The temperature dependent renormalization prescription induced by the thermal bath can cause sizeable effects, and the unification scale is shifted from the value computed from the coupling constant evolution in vacuum.
THE PHOTON STRUCTURE AND THE PRODUCTION OF W AND Z BOSONS AT ep COLLIDERS
Authors: DREES M.
Published: November 2004

A new mechanism for the production of W and Z bosons at ep colliders is discussed which makes use of the quark content of the photon. It is shown that the inclusion of these processes roughly doubles the total cross sections. These processes allow us to probe the photon structure at values of Q2 two orders of magnitude above the presently accessible region.
THE πρ-PUZZLE IN LOW ENERGY ${\rm P}\bar {\rm P}$ ANNIHILATION
Authors: GREEN A. M.
Published: November 2004

It is shown that the suppression of [Formula: see text] — the so-called πρ-puzzle — can be explaind in terms of [Formula: see text] rearrangement into one s-wave meson and twop-wave mesons.
MULTIPARTICLE PRODUCTION FROM THE COHERENT SUPERPOSITION OF STRING-LIKE ENTITIES OVER THE IMPACT-PARAMETER PLANE
Authors: BARSHAY SAUL
Published: November 2004

We construct a coherent-model amplitude for n-particle production, which gives rise to the multiplicity distribution Pn = KK/Γ(K)(n/K−1e−K(n/). A natural feature is a new interpretation of the parameter K in terms of an energy-dependent minimum length for a multitude of string-like entities which are stretched forward and backward along the collision direction, over the entire impact-parameter plane. The continuous decrease of K with increasing [Formula: see text] corresponds to the appearance of strings of decreasing length, which leads directly to a continuous broadening of the multiplicity distribution through the emission, with significant probability, of large numbers of, presumably soft, particles.
COLLECTIVITY IN COMPOSITE FRAGMENT EMISSION FROM RELATIVISTIC HEAVY ION COLLISIONS
Authors: BOCK R. , CLAESSON G. , DOSS K. G. R. , FERGUSON R. L. , GAVRON I. , GUSTAFSSON H.-A. , GUTBROD H. H. , HARRIS J. W. , JACAK B. V. , KAMPERT K.-H. , KOLB B. , KRISTIANSSON P. , LEFEBVRES F. , POSKANZER A. M. , RITTER H. G. , SCHMIDT H. R. , SIEMIARCZUK T. , TEITELBAUM L. , TINCKNELL M. , WEISS S. , WIEMAN H. , WILHELMY J.
Published: November 2004

Composite fragments of 2 < Z < 10 have been measured in the Plastic Ball Spectrometer in 200 MeV/nucleon Au + Au and Au + Fe collisions. Strong azimuthal alignment of the fragments reveal the collective behaviour of the reaction.
DOUBLE HIGGS FROM W-W FUSION
Authors: KEUNG WAI-YEE
Published: November 2004

We study the double Higgs boson production in pp collider at SSC energy via W-W fusion. The calculation are based on the exact CALKUL method. We also checked the result with the equivalent WLWL approximation.
HADRONIZATION AS EXTINCTION IN A TWO-MODE CONTINUOUS PARAMETER BRANCHING PROCESS
Authors: MUSSARDO G. , ROTELLI P.
Published: November 2004

A continuous evolution equation for branching and extinction is studied. The interpretation of extinction as hadronization leads to a model with original features, such as maxima and minima in the normalized multiplicity moments (local KNO scaling). Satisfactory fits to high energy data are presented.
COVARIANT CANONICAL SUPERSTRINGS
Authors: ARATYN H. , INGERMANSON R. , NIEMI ANTTI J.
Published: November 2004

A covariant canonical formulation of generic superstrings is presented. The (super)geometry emerges dynamically and supergravity transformations are identified with particular canonical transformations. By construction these transformations are off-shell closed, and the necessary auxiliary fields can be identified with canonical momenta.
ON FIVE-DIMENSIONAL THEORIES OF THE FIFTH FORCE
Authors: FUJII YASUNORI
Published: November 2004

On the order of magnitude of the basic parameters in the five-dimensional theories intended to derive the fifth force, we suggest a new possibility that allows an easier understanding of the strength and the range of the expected force.
UNIQUENESS OF 10 DIMENSIONAL SUPERSTRING MODELS IN THE FERMIONIC CONSTRUCTION
Authors: CHANG DARWIN , KUMAR ALOK
Published: November 2004

We study the construction of ten dimensional heterotic superstring models using real two dimensional world-sheet fermions. We prove (by construction) that modular invariance and supersymmetry imply that all the ten dimensional heterotic superstring models have the same bosonic and fermionic partition functions as that of supersymmetric SO(32) model. Our results were expected from other arguments but the techniques are more direct than the previous ones. We especially do not have to invoke the mathematical theorem about the modular form of weight eight. Our construction may also be useful in classifying the superstring models in lower dimensions.
ALTERNATIVELY POSSIBLE NEUTRINO OSCILLATION IN THE NEUTRINO BURST FROM SN1987A
Authors: Midorikawa S. , Terazawa H. , Akama K.
Published: November 2004

The periodic structure found in the observed spectrum of inverse electron neutrino energies of the KAMIOKANDE-II and IMB data on the neutrino burst from the supernova SN1987A, which can be most simply explained by possible neutrino oscillation in vacuum with the extremely small mass-squared difference of Δm2=(7.2±0.4)×10−20eV2, can also be explained by neutrino oscillation in the supernova or in the earth. By comparing the data with our model calculations including the Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein effect, the mass-squared difference of neutrinos is estimated to be Δm2=(2.0 ± 0.5)×10−7 (R⊙/Rs)eV2 or (2.5±0.9)×10−5eV2.
WILSON LOOPS IN OPEN STRING THEORY
Authors: SHIRAISHI KIYOSHI
Published: November 2004

Wilson loop elements on torus are introduced into the partition function of open strings as Polyakov’s path integral at one-loop level. Mass spectra from compactification and expected symmetry breaking are illustrated by choosing the correct weight for the contributions from annulus and Möbius strip. We show that Jacobi’s imaginary transformation connects the mass spectra with the Wilson loops. The application to thermopartition function and cosmological implications are briefly discussed.
INFLATION, SOME REMARKS
Authors: ZELDOVICH YA. B.
Published: November 2004

It is pointed that the idea of inflation explains the reason of the expansion of our Universe; the inflationary Universe is inferently time-asymmetric. The idea of inflation unambiguously leads also to the necessity of baryon nonconservation after the end of inflation.
RADIATIVE CORRECTIONS TO $e^ + e^ - \to \bar tt$ IN ELECTROWEAK THEORY
Authors: FUJIMOTO JUNPEI , SHIMIZU YOSHIMITSU
Published: November 2004

The 0(α) radiative corrections to [Formula: see text] are calculated in the standard SU(2)×U(1) theory keeping the top quark mass. The contribution of the hard photon emission is included with suitable experimental cuts. We found that the 1-loop vertex diagrams for the top quark give rise to a fairly large correction in the order of 5% to the differential cross-section. Effects of the Higgs boson exchange are also discussed.
OBSERVATION OF ±F0 SYMMETRY IN F-SPIN MULTIPLETS
Authors: JAIN A.K. , CASTEN R.F.
Published: November 2004

Pairs of conjugate nuclei with the same F-spin and ±F0 values also have identical NpNn values. In the rare earth region, these ±F0 pairs are symmetrically located with respect to the F0=0, A=164 isobar and their empirical excitation energy spectra are found to be very similar. An IBM-2 Hamiltonian with constant parameters has such a built-in symmetry and can explain the general trends except for the [Formula: see text] bandhead energies.
FERMIONIC CONSTRUCTION OF N=0, 1, 2 (SUPER) CONFORMAL ALGEBRAS
Authors: KOBAYASHI KEN-ICHIRO , ODAKE SATORU
Published: November 2004

We derive conditions for fermionic construction of N=0, 1 and 2 (super) conformal algebras, and obtain some solutions satisfying these conditions. In the N=2 case, these conditions can be simplified when supercurrents are written by complex fermions.
DECAY OF A COMPOSITE PARTICLE AS A HYPOTHETICAL EXPLANATION OF e+e−-COINCIDENCES OBSERVED AT GSI
Authors: SCHRAMM S. , MÜLLER B. , REINHARDT J. , GREINER W.
Published: November 2004

An extended particle is discussed as the hypothetical source of correlated electron and positron lines observed at GSI. The particle structure is described in the framework of the MIT bag model. A mechanism for copious production in the Coulomb field of heavy ions is proposed.
HIGHER-DIMENSIONAL GAUSS-BONNET COSMOLOGIES
Authors: LORENZ-PETZOLD D.
Published: November 2004

We present new higher-dimensional anisotropic cosmological solutions of gravity theories with Gauss-Bonnet terms. We establish the existence of inflationary models of the extended de Sitter types in this approach. An algorithm to find perfect fluid solutions from known “seed” solutions is given.
EARLY UNIVERSE IN MODIFIED STAROBINSKY MODEL
Authors: PAUL B.C. , DATTA D.P. , MUKHERJEE S.
Published: November 2004

The classical evolution in the modified Starobinsky model, which is essentially a higherderivative theory with a Lagrangian density L~R+αR2, has been studied right from thePlanck time [Formula: see text], when the universe had emerged out of the quantum foam. The modelis known to admit an inflationary solution, but we have noted an initial stage of evolutionwith very interesting features. If the scalaron mass is small, M~10−5Mp, and the initialvalue of the scalar curvature, R0≫M2, both R and H approach some asymptotic values.Thus the subsequent evolution is almost insensitive to the initial values of R or H chosen,and depends only on an undetermined integration constant, which determines theseasymptotic values. An analytic expression connecting t, the age of the universe, and H(t) has been obtained. Results for the later stages in the evolution generally agree with thoseobtained recently by some other authors.
ON A CERTAIN SUPERSYMMETRIC IDENTITY AND THE DIVISION ALGEBRAS
Authors: FOOT R. , JOSHI G.C.
Published: November 2004

An elegant and suggestive proof of an important supersymmetric identity, as well as related identities, is presented. The identity is shown to be a consequence of the composition property of the division algebras. This proof utilizes the formulation of the covering group of the Lorentz group in 3, 4, 6, and 10 dimensions, in terms of the division algebras.
SCALAR FIELD AND THE POLYAKOV STRING
Authors: ZHU Z.Y. , LEE H.C.
Published: November 2004

It is shown that all two dimensional world-sheet reparametrization invariant and renormalizable theories of string field Xμ, metric gab and nonlinearly coupled scalar field ϕ can be reduced to the Liouville theory provided there is no direct ϕ−Xμ coupling and the theory is constrained to be ghost-free.
A PROBABLE APPROACH TO THE GEOMETRIZATION OF INTERACTION
Authors: IWANOVITCH LEV BOGDAN
Published: November 2004

The Clifford algebra is employed in order to geometrize the interaction. Such an approach provides a unified analysis of the relationship between the fields of different physical nature.
DETERMINATION OF NUCLEAR QUARK AND ANTIQUARK DISTRIBUTIONS FROM MUON EXPERIMENTS
Authors: SCHREIBER A.W. , THOMAS A.W.
Published: November 2004

It is not possible to obtain both the quark and antiquark momentum distributions from inclusive muon scattering as the electromagnetic structure function is dependent on a linear combination of these. We shall present a method here which extracts these distributions from semi-inclusive muon scattering. Knowledge of the quark fragmentation functions is not required.
NEW SOFT-PHOTON APPROXIMATION FOR BREMSSTRAHLUNG
Authors: DING Z.M. , LIOU M.K.
Published: November 2004

A new two-energy two-angle approximation is developed and tested for describing bremsstrahlung processes. The natural choice of kinematic variables leads to a bremsstrahlung amplitude which is free of the derivatives of the elastic T-matrix. This approximation provides an excellent description of almost all the available π±pγ and p12Cγ data by means of a single soft-photon approximation.
COMPLETE DETERMINATION OF REACTION AMPLITUDES
Authors: RAMACHANDRAN G. , SANDHYA S.N.
Published: November 2004

The reaction amplitudes 〈jcmc;jdmd|T|jama;jbmb〉 for a+b→c+d, with arbitrary spins jv, are completely determined if one carries out measurements of a subset of final state spin correlation parameters [Formula: see text] where the index ‘s’ denotes appropriate initial spin preparations.
EXCLUSION OF AN ISOSPIN FIFTH FORCE FROM KAON DECAY
Authors: GOLDMAN T. , HUGHES RICHARD J. , NIETO MICHAEL MARTIN
Published: November 2004

The conjecture of Boynton et al. that anomalous gravitational interactions are related to an isospin coupling is shown to be in conflict with kaon decay data. An alternative coupling to B—2L is in conflict with the Eötvös data which originally motivated the new experiment.
THE COVARIANT CONSISTENT QUANTIZATION OF BOSONIZED CHIRAL SCHWINGER MODEL
Authors: MYUNG Y.S.
Published: November 2004

From Ward-Takahashi identities and full propagators, we obtain a massive Proca field Uμ which has the positive norm state. There also exists a massless physical scalar field H which turns out to be the positive norm state only for 4e2>1. It is further shown that a dipole ghost field D and auxiliary field B, as quartet members, belong to the zero norm states.
RAPIDITY DISPERSION AND CLUSTER SIZE DETERMINATION IN α-EMULSION INTERACTIONS AT 12A GeV/c
Authors: SHUKLA V.S. , BHALLA K.B. , GILL A. , KUMAR V. , LOKANATHAN S. , BHASIN ANJU , GUPTA V.K. , KITROO SUNEETA , KUMAR V. , MANGOTRA L.K. , RAO N.K. , ARORA RENU , BHATIA V.S. , KAUR M. , MITTRA I.S.
Published: November 2004

The α-emulsion interactions at 12 A GeV /c have been analyzed in terms of the distributions of rapidity dispersion and rapidity gap. Event-by-event analysis of rapidity dispersion reveals a significant clusterization amongst the final state particles. The cluster size and cluster density in rapidity space are estimated to be 5.80 and 0.71, respectively. From the comparison of present results with earlier data, it appears that the cluster size is independent of the nature of projectile and energy.
AN INTERPRETATION OF COSMOLOGICAL MODEL WITH VARIABLE LIGHT VELOCITY
Authors: PETIT JEAN-PIERRE
Published: November 2004

A cosmological model with variable c, h, G is proposed. The characteristic lengths of physics (Compton, Jeans, Schwarzschild) are assumed to vary like R(t). Both light and matter’s worlds are found to obey the same law R≈t2/3. The Planck constant is found to vary like t and the gravitation one like 1/R, while the Planck length vary like R. The particle masses follow m≈R. The Hubble law still applies. The redshifts come from the secular variation of the Planck constant.
SCALE-SETTING WITHOUT THE HIGGS MECHANISM
Authors: ANDERSON J.T.
Published: November 2004

It is shown for the Higgs model that ɸ*ɸ must have a lower bound in order to assure the gauge convariance of Aµ and remove the non-analytic singularities of ϕ and Aμ. The boundary value is evaluated and provides a scale without the Higgs mechanism.
QUANTIZATION OF SUPERPARTICLES BY MEANS OF A PATH INTEGRAL
Authors: KOSTOV I.K. , SEDRAKYAN A.G.
Published: November 2004

The path integral is calculated that describes the dynamics of the supersymmetric relativistic particle with an action proportional to the world line superlength. The kernel of the superparticle propagation is shown to coincide with the Green function of the quantum-field theory with the same supersymmetry.
COSMOLOGICAL MODEL WITH VARIABLE LIGHT VELOCITY: THE INTERPRETATION OF RED SHIFTS
Authors: PETIT JEAN-PIERRE
Published: November 2004

The model with variable c, G, h presented in Ref. 1 is extended to electromagnetism. The entropy is found to vary like log t and, in a space-entropy representation, the metric is conformally flat. A new gauge relation is suggested, based on geometrical considerations, which corresponds to a Rydberg constant varying like R. The Hubble’s law still applies. The age of the universe is unchanged while its span is found to be half of the Mattig’s value. The complete decoding of the red shift can be done. The distances of the sources are very similar. The large volumic power densities of distant quasars could have been greatly overestimated, while the increase of their absolute magnitude, as derived from the classical theory, could be due to the secular variation of c. Assuming the electron-proton mass ratio to vary like R, we get a fine structure constant α, a Bohr radius and a ratio of electromagnetic force to gravitational force which behave like absolute constants.
STUDY OF INELASTIC α-EMULSION INTERACTIONS AT 12A GeV/c
Authors: SHUKLA V.S. , BHALLA K.B. , GILL A. , KUMAR V. , LOKANATHAN S. , MOOKERJEE S. , BHASIN ANJU , GUPTA V.K. , KITROO SUNEETA , KUMAR V. , MANGOTRA L.K. , RAO N.K. , AGGARWAL M.M. , ARORA RENU , BHATIA V.S. , KAUR M. , MITTRA I.S.
Published: November 2004

Various multiplicities and their dependence on the mass number of the target, multiplicity correlations and angular distributions of black, grey, heavy and shower particles are studied and are compared with α-Em (4.2 A GeV /c) and p-Em (6.2–50 GeV /c) interactions. Slow particles seem to cascade unlike the produced shower particles. We also observe a different degree of stopping for different thicknesses of the nuclear matter traversed by the projectile. In general, our results are similar to those for hadron-nucleus collisions.
ON OPERATOR REPRESENTATION OF INTEGRABLE EQUATIONS
Authors: KONOPELCHENKO B.G.
Published: November 2004

An algebraic operator form [Formula: see text] of the nonlinear equations integrable by the inverse spectral transform method is discussed.
RENORMALIZATION AND STRING AMPLITUDES
Authors: PERIWAL VIPUL
Published: November 2004

We derive the Virasoro-Shapiro amplitude by looking for invariants of renormalization of a cutoff bosonic free field theory.
STOCHASTIC QUANTIZATION OF THE KINK SOLUTION OF ϕ4 FIELD THEORY
Authors: KATES RONALD , ROSENBLUM ARNOLD
Published: November 2004

The method of Parisi-Wu Stochastic quantization in quantum field theory is compared to earlier work in classical field equations. The method is applied to solve for the propagator of ϕ4 field theory by perturbing the Kink solution.
ON GAUGE THEORIES WITH ADDITIONAL FOUR-FERMION INTERACTION
Authors: MIRANSKY V. A. , YAMAWAKI K.
Published: November 2004

In the ladder QED with four-fermion interaction, the anomalous dimension γm of the operator [Formula: see text] is calculated on the full critical line. It is shown that in the nonperturbative phase with the gauge coupling α(0)< αc = π/3, the dynamical dimension [Formula: see text] is smaller than two (γm > 1) near the critical line. This suggests that gauge theories with fourfermion interaction may be renormalizable. The applications of these theories to the technicolor models are discussed.
GEOMETRIC DESCRIPTION OF HADRONIZATION IN CURVED SPACETIME
Authors: BEDIAGA I. , GASPERINI M. , NOVELLO M. , PREDAZZI E.
Published: November 2004

We show how a phenomenological hadronization model proposed recently to explain charm decay can be reformulated covariantly using a curved background manifold, in such a way as to free it from the original constraint of being defined only in a specific reference frame.
SUPER TWISTORS AND SUPER-POINCARE INVARIANT ACTIONS FOR ALL LINEARIZED EXTENDED SUPERSYMMETRIC THEORIES IN 4 DIMENSIONS
Authors: EISENBERG Y.
Published: November 2004

Applying Dirac first quantization to the extended twistorial form of the Brink-Schwarz (BS) superparticle, we get the linearized field equations of motion for all D = 4 extended supersymmetric (SUSY) theories, in their twistorial form. This form is equivalent to the usual superfield one. As an example, we will show this equivalence for N = 3 super-Yang-Mills (SYM). By gauging away all Minkowski superspace-time variables, we are left with a simple pure-twistor superparticle with the same physical content as the original one. We give the pure-twistor super-Poincare invariant actions from which the first quantized field equations for all the linearized SUSY theories can be derived.
A MODEL LAGRANGIAN FOR STRONG INTERACTIONS AT LARGE DISTANCES
Authors: SHINTANI MEIUN
Published: November 2004

On the basis of the massive vector dipole theory as a model for strong interactions at large distances, we compute the counterterm Lagrangian at the one-loop level in the background field method. By smoothly relating the running coupling constant in the confining region to that in the asymptotically free region, we deduce a relationship between the string tension and the QCD scale parameter Λ QCD . With an input data of the string tension, we evaluate the value of Λ QCD . The lower bound to the distances where the dipole theory is valid relies on the number of flavors. The theory seems to be meaningful for six generations or less.
STATISTICS AND GENERAL RELATIVITY
Authors: ANEZIRIS C. , BALACHANDRAN A. P. , BOURDEAU M. , JO S. , RAMADAS T. R. , SORKIN R. D.
Published: November 2004

There exists a class of particle-like topological excitations in generally covariant theories called geons, discussed by Friedman and Sorkin, and by these authors, and others. Here, we show by specific examples that certain of these geons can be so quantized that they are characterized by no definite statistics. For instance, three-dimensional geons may be neither bosons nor fermions (nor paraparticles). It can also happen, as pointed out before by Sorkin, and as we briefly discuss here, that a tensorial (spinorial) goen obeys Fermi (Bose) statistics. Our usual conceptions about the statistics of particle species thus do not seem to be valid in generally covariant theories, at least without further physical inputs such as, perhaps, the possibility of topology change.
THE DECAY Ds → ρπ AND CONTRIBUTION OF FLAVOR ANNIHILATION
Authors: SINHA SATYA N.
Published: November 2004

We have studied the decay Ds → ρπ in the factorization of the hadron currents approximation. The technique and the method was applied and tested in the past for the calculation of several two-body decays of heavy mesons. The branching ratio for Ds → ρπ, which can only occur via the flavor annihilation process, is estimated and found to be in agreement with recent data from ARGUS.
PRODUCTION BEHAVIORS OF OPEN-BOTTOM HADRONS AND SUPPRESSION OF $\Lambda_b^+$-PRODUCTION
Authors: MUKHOPADHYAY P.
Published: November 2004

This paper investigates production behaviors of the 0− and [Formula: see text] open-bottom hadrons predicted by the standard six-quark model. To be specific, it points out which ones of these hadrons are expected to be freely produced and which ones of them must undergo suppressed production. Also, it has been stressed that suppression must be witnessed in production [Formula: see text] of unlike its charm counterpart [Formula: see text] which seems to be freely produced.
SAVING THE MECHANISM OF A DECAYING COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT
Authors: FUJII YASUNORI
Published: November 2004

The mechanism of a decaying cosmological constant in terms of a scalar field has been criticized for its ensuing diminishment of the gravitational constant with time. Contrary to a naive view, however, the physical results can be made fully nontrivial, as demonstrated explicitly by a simple model in which the scalar field generates particle masses that increase with time, but in such a way that the gravitational constant stays constant asymptotically when time is measured by an atomic clock. The scalar field might also be an origin of the fifth force.
PROBING THE POMERON STRUCTURE WITH SPACELIKE, TIMELIKE AND REAL PHOTONS
Authors: ARTEAGA-ROMERO N. , KESSLER P. , SILVA J.
Published: November 2004

We here propose three types of experiments in order to study the parton (gluon or quark) structure of the pomeron through electromagnetic reactions occurring at high-energy ep or [Formula: see text] colliders, where a tagging system would be used for protons (resp. antiprotons) scattered very close to 0° and with small relative energy loss. Numerical predictions are given, using models for the pomeron's structure that were recently proposed by various authors (Ingelman and Schlein, Donnachie and Landshoff).
ON PERTURBATIVE CALCULABILITY OF THE COEFFICIENT FUNCTIONS OF CONDENSATES IN THE QCD SUM RULES
Authors: SURGULADZE L.R. , TKACHOV F.V.
Published: November 2004

We calculate two-loop corrections to the coefficient functions of the condensates 〈G2〉0 and [Formula: see text] in the QCD sum rules for the light mesons in the vector, scalar and pseudoscalar channels, and three-loop corrections to the coefficient function of the condensate 〈G2〉0 in the (pseudo)scalar channel. We find that a renormalization-group analysis casts strong doubts on the feasibility of obtaining correct estimates for the coefficient functions via perturbation theory.
NONCANONICAL FEATURES IN AN ANOMALOUS GAUGE THEORY
Authors: MIYAKE SHOGO , SHIZUYA KEN-ICHI
Published: November 2004

We investigate the conventional (anomalous) form of the chiral Schwinger model via its gauge-symmetric formulation and point out some unusual (noncanonical) features of it. We clarify their origin and discuss the problem of fermion confinement in this model.
THE GAUSS OPERATOR IN ANOMALOUS GAUGE THEORIES: A HAMILTONIAN FORMULATION
Authors: BANERJEE R. , GHOSH S.
Published: November 2004

The time dependence of the Gauss law operator in anomalous gauge theories has been investigated in the Hamiltonian formulation using the point-splitting regularization. Consistent results have been obtained in both 1+1 and 1+3 dimensions.
AZIMUTHAL CORRELATIONS IN DOUBLE-TAG MEASUREMENTS OF PHOTON-PHOTON COLLISIONS
Authors: ONG S. , KESSLER P. , COURAU A.
Published: November 2004

Azimuthal correlations in double-tag measurements of photon-photon collision processes are studied in the context of checking dynamic models, such as the Brodsky-Lepage model for γγ→π+π−.
WHAT HAPPENS TO THE VACUUM ANGLE IN THE MOMENTUM REPRESENTATION?
Authors: BLAU MATTHIAS
Published: November 2004

Features of quantum (field) theories having their origin in the non-trivial topology of the configuration space (like the occurrence of vacuum angles or the Aharonov-Bohm effect) are shown to be—contrary to common belief—faithfully reflected in the momentum representation despite the topological triviality of momentum space. In establishing this, a crucial role is played by the Bohr-Wilson-Sommerfeld varieties of geometric quantization.