bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Blending Synchronous and Asynchronous Discussion Strategies to Promote Community and Criticality during a Time of Crisis
Authors: Gilbert Lisa ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: May 2022

While discussion is a hallmark of philosophy teaching methods, some instructors express doubt as to the possibilities for its meaningful implementation in online classes. Here, I report on a routine that utilized synchronous and asynchronous discussion strategies to promote community-building and critical engagement in an educational philosophy class forced online due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Before class, students used social annotation software to collaboratively read a text. During class, we pursued whole-group discussion using student-centered strategies before breaking into partners for small-group work on a written discussion prompt. After class, students individually replied to the prompts written by these small groups. Results show that students found that this routinized structure promoted engagement with the course content and each other, ultimately building a community that supported critical thinking in the virtual classroom. Implications are raised regarding instructor workload and control over course outcomes.
'COVID-19' pandemic through the prism of call center contacts
Authors: Egić Tatjana
Published: May 2022

Introduction. From March 14th to May 04th, 2022, there had been a call center in the Town Hall of Novog Sada (further call center). There were four general physicians (GPs) from Primary Healthcare Center "Novi Sad" on-call, and they gave information and answers to the questions asked by the citizens about the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective. We aimed at presenting the structure of the questions we asked on-call GPs in the call center. Method. Retrospective analysis of the phone calls, on one phone line, in one seven-hour shift, during 36 working days. Results and discussion: We analyzed 757 questions, classified into 14 call categories: 1. Fever and health issues that might be connected to COVID-19, 165 (21,80%). 2. Health issues not connected to COVID-19, 134 (17,70%). 3. Social problems that occurred after the going out ban for those over 65, and curfew, 68 (8,98%). 4. Isolation measures, 67 (8,85%). 5. Going to follow up health checks, 61 (8,06%). 6. Problems buying food and drugs, 46 (6,08%). 7. Going out ban, 44 (5,81%). 8. Buying and using PPE and disinfectants, 20 (2,64% ) 9. Testing, 12 (1,59%). 10. Going or rather not going to work, 11 (1,45%). 11. Psychological problems, 9 (1,19%). 12. Complaints of work organizations, 6 (0,79%). 13. Questions that couldn't be cataloged in any of the previously mentioned categories, 89 (11,76%). 14. Calls from other counties, 25 (3,30%), which was interesting. Conclusion: In the early phase of the pandemic on-call GPs helped citizens solve different problems, even non-health ones. They remained the first line of contact with the health system, showing that primary health care, as a part of the health system, is always available.
La violencia como espectáculo en las movilizaciones sociales: un caso de estudio sobre los medios de comunicación
Authors: Rodríguez Guerrero Miguel , Barrera Algarín Evaristo
Published: May 2022

El artículo muestra la investigación realizada sobre la proyección informativa de uno de los mayores medios de comunicación de masas de España en relación con movilizaciones sociales. La metodología, desde el enfoque sociológico estructuralista de la comunicación y las nuevas teorías de comunicación de masas, mezcla técnicas cuantitativas y cualitativas. La hipótesis inicial es que dichos medios construyen sus procesos informativos en torno a la extracción de beneficios y dentro del esquema del orden sistémico hegemónico. Los resultados tienden a confirmarla, revelando un encuadre de las noticias con alto contenido espectacularizante y la aplicación de una narrativa diferenciadora que excluye diversos temas y actores sociales.
Culture and Morality in the Nineteenth Century: The Origins of Modern European Tolerance
Authors: Semukhina Elena Aleksandrovna , Shindel Svetlana Vladimirovna
Published: May 2022

This publication aims to analyze the economic, social, and cultural phenomena that first appeared in the "era of revolutions" that occurred in the nineteenth to early twentieth centuries. The modern European trend toward tolerance, which is the basis of current social and cultural changes, including in our country, has specific intellectual grounds. The subject of the study was the ideosphere of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, including philosophical, economic, and psychological concepts that gave rise to modern trends in these areas. The result of this study was the determination of the reasons that caused the change of the ideological paradigm in Europe. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that, for the first time, the intellectual foundations of the formation of tolerance as an actual socio-cultural phenomenon are analyzed. This article consistently proves that among the first such grounds, it is possible to determine the emergence of machine production and, as a result, the appearance of a mass person with a culture corresponding to them, performing a compensatory and entertaining function. The most important cultural foundation is mainly the intellectual "background" created by the teachings of Friedrich Nietzsche, Karl Marx, and Sigmund Freud. The ideas of Anglo-American pragmatism played a significant role in forming a new morality, which included the denial of religion and its values, giving it a utilitarian character. During the subsequent historical period and at present, these views have become the basis for the creation of the so-called "individual faith," in which religion ceases to be the guide of human life but only serves the needs of the individual. The desacralization of religion leads to the study of different aspects of sexuality, which opens up the possibility for modern thinking about gender. The concept of "natural law" should also be attributed to the intellectual factors of the formation of modern European tolerance.
Hvordan innvirker nettbasert studieform på studentenes motivasjon, aktivitetsnivå og læringsutbytte?
Authors: Johansen Kurt Jonny , Fjellaksel Richard
Published: May 2022

Bachelorutdanning i radiografi er en høyteknologisk helsefaglig utdannelse der emnet nukleærmedisin har vært preget av tradisjonelle og passive undervisningsformer med demotiverte og lite aktive radiografstudenter.  Som et verktøy til å fremme studentaktivitet, motivasjon og læring har vi utviklet en nettbasert studiemodul i nukleærmedisin. I denne studien søker vi svar på hvordan den nettbaserte studieformen innvirker på studentetens motivasjon, aktivitetsnivå og læringsutbytte. Vi benyttet en spørreundersøkelse til å innhente data fra radiografstudentenes vurderinger om hvordan ulike læringsressurser og aktiviteter innvirker på motivasjon, aktivitetsnivå og læringsutbytte. For å få utdypende svar ble det gjennomført fokusgruppeintervju med informanter som hadde svart på spørreundersøkelsen. Resultatene fra spørreundersøkelsen viser at studentene ofte benytter ulike læringsressurser som de selv finner. Eksamensrelevante tester, tilbakemeldinger, samt struktur og informasjon oppfattes av studentene som viktige faktorer for motivasjon, aktivitet og læringsutbytte. De nettbaserte studiemodulene beskrives som motiverende, aktiverende og ga bedre læringsutbytte. Til slutt har vi sammenlignet eksamensprestasjonen i nukleærmedisin til studentene med og uten bruk av nettbasert studiemodul. Nettstudier bør utformes i lys av det pedagogiske og fagdidaktiske innholdet, hvor man tar i betrakting både de kognitive og sosiokulturelle perspektivene på læring.
Utility of Urine Reagent Strips for Analysis of Cerebrospinal Fluid in Emergency Settings: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Manjunath MR , Tasneem Rumana , Malathi BG , Srujan HP
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Meningitis is the inflammation of the meninges which covers brain and spinal cord, which if not identified on time will result in permanent neurological deficit or death. Mainly divided into septic and aseptic meningitis, differentiating these two and timely intervention would prevent neurological damage. Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) analysis helps to arrive at a diagnosis of meningitis which requires relevant trained staff and adequately equipped laboratory These are not available in most of the healthcare centers in rural settings. Aim: To evaluate the role of urinary reagent strip method in rapid analysis of CSF to assist the clinician in the bedside diagnosis or exclusion of meningitis. To compare the values obtained by rapid method with that of results obtained by automated analyser. Materials and Methods: This is a cross sectional study done in Pathology lab of Mandya Institute of Medical Sciences, district hospital, Karnataka, Mandya, India. A total of 30 samples evaluated during the period of two months in 2019. (15th Aug- 15th Oct).Cerebrospinal fluid analysis were tested using combur- 10 urinary reagent strip and microscopy examination as reference standards. Automated analysers were used for the analysis of protein and glucose; and neubauer’s counting chamber was used for leucocytes count. Results: The sensitivity and specificity of urinary strips in the analysis of cerebrospinal fluid for glucose, protein, leucocytes is 50.00%, 41.67%, 78.57% and 92.31%, 88.89%, 68.75% respectively. Diagnostic accuracy of urinary strip tests for glucose, protein and leucocytes are 83.33% 93.34% 86.67% respectively. Conclusion: The study shows the reliable sensitivity and specificity in some parameters hence can be used in remote settings.
Inexplicable Abdominal Pain in a Patient with Advanced Recurrent Osteogenic Sarcoma: A Case Report
Authors: Patil Chaitanya Rangangouda , Tanawade Prasad K , Dhamne Nilesh A , Dhone Navnath , Bagul Kiran G
Published: May 2022

Abdominal pain is one of the most common causes of emergency department visits. Comprehensive patient assessment is required to identify the cause of abdominal pain. The origin of abdominal pain can be intra-abdominal or extra-abdominal. The majority of the cases with abdominal pain will have typical symptoms, suggesting intra-abdominal pain. A small subset of patients has atypical symptoms suggesting an extra-abdominal cause for the pain. Reports suggest that patients who presents with pain in the abdomen have the primary aetiology from the spinal column. This case report presents a patient with abdominal pain in advanced, recurrent Osteogenic Sarcoma (OGS) with spinal metastasis as the primary aetiology. Compression of nerve roots due to spinal bony metastasis lead to abdominal pain in the present case. Even though it was of spinal origin, clinically it micmicked to be of abdominal origin, so oncologists have to be vigilant in considering the rare causes of abdominal pain. Detailed history and clinical examination of the patients is ideal approach to identify the cause.
Effect of Obesity and Hypertension on Blood Loss and Blood Transfusion Requirements in Primary Elective Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective Clinical Study
Authors: Shah Vikram Indrajit , Upadhyay Sachin , Shah Kalpesh
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Identifying risk factors of operative blood loss is imperative toward establishing an effective blood management implementation strategy and further minimize the requirement for perioperative blood loss and transfusion. Aim: To investigate whether the factors like obesity and hypertension affect blood loss and transfusion requirements in primary elective Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA). Materials and Methods: A prospective clinical study was conducted at Shalby Hospitals in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India, from November 2017 to November 2019, on 91 patients recruited for primary elective TKA. The subjects were divided into two groups, i.e, group A (normotensive and non obese; n=46) and group B (Hypertensive and obese; n=45). Charlson-Deyo comorbidity score were given to each patient as a measure of surgical risk. Data on intraoperative and postoperative blood loss, blood parameters (drop in haemoglobin, haematocrit value), and incidence of transfusion rates were recorded and assessed. All patients had standardized protocols of anesthesia, postsurgical and rehabilitation care protocols following surgery. Fisher’sexact test, Chi-square test, and student’s t-test were used for statistical analysis. Pearson’s correlation was performed to identify factors associated to blood loss. The p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0 was used. Results: The intraoperative, postoperative and total blood loss (drop of haemoglobin and haematocrit) were significantly greater in the hypertensive and obese patients (p-value <0.001). The immediate postoperative day 1 haemoglobin and day 1 and 2 haematocrit were significantly better in the normotensive and non obese patients (p-value <0.001). Significantly greater number of hypertensive and obese patients required blood transfusion (p-value=0.045). There was a positive correlation between intraoperative blood loss and operative time in both groups (RA=0.04, p-value=0.74; RB=0.09, p-value=0.52) although statistically insignificant. Hypertensive and obese patients required longer hospitalization (p-value <0.0001). Three patients from group B were diagnosed to develop pulmonary embolism while admitted in hospital which was managed successfully by intensivists without any fatality. Conclusion: Hypertension and obesity were associated with greater blood loss and transfusion requirement compared to non obese and normotensive patients undergoing primary elective TKA.
Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Soil Fertility and Soil Microbial Population after Cropping to Wheat Crop in Western Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Kumar Anuj , Yadav Kamlesh Kumar , Singh Virendra , Tiwari Uma Shankar , Kumar Dinesh , Singh Pankaj Kumar
Published: May 2022

A field experiment was conducted during the rabi season of 2013-14 and 2014-15 at Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur to evaluate the different levels of INM on soil fertility of wheat. The experiment was comprising sixteen  treatments viz. T1- control, T2- 100% RDF,T3- 100% RDF + S, T4- 100% RDF + S + Zn, T5- 100 % RDF + S + Zn + bio-fertilizer (Azotobactor + PSB), T6- 100% RDF + 25% N through FYM, T7- 100% RDF + 25% N through FYM + S, T8- 100% RDF + 25% N through FYM + S + Zn, T9-100% RDF + 25% N through FYM + S + Zn + bio-fertilizer  Azotobactor + PSB, T10-100% RDF + 25 % N through vermicompost, T11-  100% RDF + 25% N through vermicompost + S + Zn + bio-fertilizer Azotobactor + PSB, T12- 75 % RDF, T13-75% RDF + 25% N through FYM, T14- 75% R.D.F. + 25% N through vermicompost, T15-75% RDF + 25 % N through FYM + S + Zn + bio-fertilizer Azotobactor + PSB and T16-75% RDF + 25% N through vermicompost + S + Zn + bio-fertilizer + PSB.  Integration of organic manures showed slight increase in EC value while inorganic fertilizers showed slight decrease in EC values in comparison to its initial value which is obviously due to decomposition of organic matter in soil. Maximum increase in organic carbon content was noted with the integration of organic treatments followed by inorganic treatments. It may be due to decomposition and mineralization of organic matter by narrow C: N ratio. Status of N, P, K, S and Zn was slightly increased in all the treatments in comparison to its initial value except control during both the years. Maximum increase in available status of N, P, K, S and Zn was recorded with integration of inorganic, organic and bio-fertilizers with 100% RDF.T11 (100% R.D.F. + 25% N through vermicompost + S + Zn + bio-fertilizer Azotobactor + PSB followed by T9-100% RDF + 25% N through FYM + S + Zn + bio-fertilizer Azotobactor + PSB and minimum at control (T1) during both the years. Maximum microbial population was recorded with T11 (100% R.D.F. + 25% N through vermicompost +S + Zn + bio-fertilizers (Azotobactor +PSB) followed by T9 (100% R.D.F. + 25% N through FYM + S + Zn +bio-fertilizers (Azotobactor + PSB) and minimum at control during both the years.
Logistics Financial Function of Fractal Dispersion of Hausdorff Measure Prior to Crash Market Signal
Authors: Adindu-Dick Joy Ijeoma
Published: May 2022

The world of finance works better through logistics. We consider the logistics function in large market crashes corresponding to values of packing dimension of Rn  or  \(\alpha\) (max) by analyzing the fractal dispersion of Hausdorff prior to market signal with constraint of a zero heat capacity. We also advocate a stochastic Ito’s iterated procedure for locating optimal market crises signal relative to the Heat equation to give an early warning. The resultant differential equation is solve to obtain the recurrence formula.
Indications and Clinical Utility of Cardiac Biomarkers in the Emergency Room of a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Ajibare Adeola O. , Oladimeji Oluseye O. , Adebola Phillip A. , Dada Akinola O. , Ogundele Sunday O. , Daniel Folasade A. , Olabode Olatunde P. , Dada Adeyemi O. , Okogun Ehimen , Adekoya Adebowale O. , Moronkola Ramon A. , Okunuga Oluwaseun O
Published: May 2022

Background: The prevalence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in Nigeria is on the rise with dire morbidity and mortality risks. Cardiac biomarkers are rapid and sensitive tools used as adjunct in the diagnosis of ACS. The clinical utility of cardiac biomarkers is yet to be well explored in Nigerian setting.

Objectives: To determine the indications and clinical utility of cardiac biomarkers as well as their electrocardiographic (ECG) changes.

Methods: This study is a retrospective review of all patients who had point-of-care serum Troponin-I, Creatine kinase MB isoenzyme and myoglobin done at the medical emergency department of LASUTH over a three year period (January 2017 to December 2019). Their records were retrieved; demographics, indications for testing and ECG findings were recorded. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 software.

Results: 593 tests were done in the 3 years period of study. Only 397 patients had complete records. 48.6% were male. The mean age of the study population was 55.02 + 16.64 years (range 13-94 years). Chest pain was the commonest indication for test (91%). Other indications are loss of consciousness, palpitations, seizures and unexplained dyspnea.  Mean duration of chest pain prior to presentation was 9 days. 16.1% (64 patients) of patients tested had elevated cardiac biomarkers and 87.5% of those with elevated cardiac biomarkers had abnormal ECG suggestive of ACS.

Conclusion: This study showed that cardiac biomarker is an important point-of-care test in the evaluation of chest pain. Cardiac biomarkers should therefore be a routine test in the emergency room.
Aplikasi Android Smartkey 3 in 1 sebagai Sistem Monitoring dan Kendali serta Safety pada Sepeda Motor
Authors: Siahaan Ian Hardianto , Irawan Romario Rulando Putra , Alimin Roche
Published: May 2022

Smart key system merupakan salah satu teknologi terbaru yang dimiliki beberapa pabrikan sepeda motor khususnya sepeda motor yang sudah memiliki ECU. Sistem ini memberikan kemudahan bagi konsumen dalam mengoperasikannya karena tidak lagi menggunakan anak kunci atau keyless. Penyematan fitur canggih ini justru dapat meningkatkan rasa aman dan nyaman bagi pengguna. Pada sepeda motor yang masih non ECU tentunya perlu juga diterapkan agar dapat memiliki sistem unggul sebagaimana  sepeda motor yang memiliki ECU. Berdasarkan pengamatan yang dilakukan bahwa smart key custom yang dijual di pasaran memiliki 2-3 fitur saja dan itupun masih menggunakan sistem receiver dan transmitter sehingga tidak dapat digunakan untuk jarak jauh. Solusinya adalah mengembangkan sistem smart key yang dapat berfungsi dari jarak yang jauh, khususnya penerapan pada motor non ECU. Tahap awal perancangan adalah mengevaluasi kekurangan pada pengembangan smart key yang sudah ada, dan tahap berikutnya menyusun konsep sistem globalnya meliputi microcontroller, komponen utama dan pendukung serta pemrograman sistem kontrol, sistem monitoring, dan sistem safety. Tahap akhir, merakit dan memasangnya pada sepeda motor serta melakukan serangkaian uji coba guna mengetahui fungsional termasuk ketahanan dari perangkat. Hasil pengujian aplikasi android smart key 3 in 1 dapat berfungsi dengan baik pada kondisi dan jarak berapapun, meskipun pengujian sistem safety ditemukan delay waktu pada range 10,03-13,2 second.
Escrita da história da cidade – memórias e narrativas: Alagoinhas como objeto de atentos viajantes e memorialistas (1889-1960)
Authors: Damasceno José Jorge Andrade
Published: May 2022

Desde os fins do século XIX, aos meados do XX, Alagoinhas chamava atenção daqueles que por lá passassem, que para lá fossem ou que lá vivessem. Sua condição de entroncamento ferroviário e de entreposto comercial da região a colocava ao alcance de olhares atentos e argutos, produzindo neles as mais diversas impressões, que acabaram por alçá-la à condição de objeto de descrições e reflexões perpetuadas em obras memorialísticas, que aqui se pretende analisar, como parte de um projeto maior e mais ambicioso, a saber, o de (re)visitar a história de Alagoinhas. Pretende-se reconstruir memórias, apreender e analisar os silêncios, de modo a permitir ao pesquisador, compreender os “esquecimentos” e/ou “apagamentos” de evidências relacionadas aos vestígios e eventos e/ou circunstâncias formadoras do devir da cidade e de seu povo. Em recortes temporais diferentes e descontínuos, este trabalho pretende analisar a “escrita da história” de Alagoinhas, apreender e discutir as razões pelas quais aquela pequena localidade do interior baiano, que chamara a atenção do viajante Durval Vieira de Aguiar, dos observadores Euclides da Cunha e Rui Barbosa, e das memorialistas Joanita Cunha e Maria Feijó, ao ponto de seus escritos e observações se tornarem fontes privilegiadas no trabalho de pesquisa histórica.
Conhecimento e uso de plantas medicinais da cultura afro-brasileira pelos moradores da comunidade da Fazenda Velha no município de Jequié-BA
Authors: Almeida Graciela Souza , Barbosa Adriana Silva , Santana Marise de
Published: May 2022

O objeto de estudo deste artigo é conhecer as plantas medicinais da cultura afro-brasileira utilizadas pelos comunidade da Fazenda Velha no município de Jequié/BA, bem como identificar suas as várias formas de uso. O presente trabalho propõe-se a contribuir com os estudos que envolvem as plantas empregadas na medicina popular ou tradicional. Os dados obtidos por este trabalho demonstram que aspectos culturais, históricos e religiosos influenciam no uso de plantas medicinais pelos moradores da comunidade Fazenda Velha, assim como também evidenciam o papel sacral e terapêutico desempenhado por estas plantas na referida comunidade devido ao valor simbólico atribuído às plantas neste ambiente e às atividades biológicas relacionadas aos princípios ativos que as plantas citadas pelos participantes da pesquisa possuem.
Como a simples mãe de Jesus: a representação de Maria nos Evangelhos ditos canônicos
Authors: Campos Ludimila Caliman
Published: May 2022

A personagem da ekklesia cristã “Maria”, também conhecida como “Maria, a virgem”, tem sido largamente pesquisada nos últimos tempos, considerando a proeminente piedade a ela endereçada desde o final da Antiguidade. No entanto, poucas são as pesquisas que se debruçam sobre o tempo em que esta tinha uma parca importância. A desta constatação, o presente artigo tem como objetivo desenvolver uma análise acerca da representação de mariana nas fontes evangélicas conhecidas de Mateus, Marcos, Lucas e João. Tal estudo é fundamental para a compreensão de como esta personagem, logo no início do cristianismo, não recebia qualquer devoção e glorificação que, em séculos posteriores, serão tributados a ela.
Nas teias da repressão: da burocracia e instituições à imigração italiana no Estado Novo
Authors: Coutinho David Barreto
Published: May 2022

Este artigo busca refletir sobre a questão das instituições e do aparato burocrático criado pelo Estado, a fim de assegurar-se do poder centralizado para tanto reprimir, quanto selecionar um tipo de imigrante desejável a condição do Brasil no período do Estado Novo.
Static MLC transmission simulation using two‐dimensional ray tracing
Authors: Adam David P. , Bednarz Bryan P. , Frigo Sean P.
Published: May 2022

Purpose

We investigated the hypothesis that the transmission function of rounded end linearly traveling multileaf collimators (MLCs) is constant with position. This assumption is made by some MLC models used in clinical treatment planning systems (TPSs) and in the Varian MLC calibration convention. If not constant, this would have implications for treatment plan QA results.

Methods

A two‐dimensional ray‐tracing tool to generate transmission curves as a function of leaf position was created and validated. The curves for clinically available leaf tip positions (−20 to 20 cm) were analyzed to determine the location of the beam edge (half‐attenuation X‐ray [XR]) location, the beam edge broadening (BEB, 80%–20% width), as well as the leaf tip zone width. More generalized scenarios were then simulated to elucidate trends as a function of leaf tip radius.

Results

In the analysis of the Varian high‐definition MLC, two regions were identified: a quasi‐static inner region centered about central axis (CAX), and an outer one, in which large deviations were observed. A phenomenon was identified where the half‐attenuation ray position, relative to that of the tip or tangential ray, increases dramatically at definitive points from CAX. Similar behavior is seen for BEB. An analysis shows that as the leaf radius parameter value is made smaller, the size of the quasi‐static region is greater (and vice versa).

Conclusion

The MLC transmission curve properties determined by this study have implications both for MLC position calibrations and modeling within TPSs. Two‐dimensional ray tracing can be utilized to identify where simple behaviors hold, and where they deviate. These results can help clinical physicists engage with vendors to improve MLC models, subsequent fluence calculations, and hence dose calculation accuracy.
N.Y. legislators advance bill on OPCs, but skepticism about effects lingers
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: May 2022

Nearly six months into the opening of two New York City overdose prevention centers (OPCs) that remain controversial and thus far have little more than anecdotal reports of their impact, some New York state lawmakers want to amend the state's public health law to make such operations more widely available across the state.
Surface Interactions of Oxygen Suffice to P‐Dope the Halide Perovskites
Authors: Halder Ansuman , Itzhak Anat , Hodesh Eli Rosh , Tirosh Shay , Cahen David
Published: May 2022

Attempts to dope halide perovskites (HaPs) extrinsically have been mostly unsuccessful. Still, oxygen (O2) is an efficient p‐dopant for polycrystalline HaP films. To an extent, this doping is reversible, i.e., the films can be de‐doped by decreasing the O2 partial pressure. Here results are reported, aimed at understanding the mechanism of such reversible doping, as it has been argued that doping involves interaction of oxygen with defects inside bulk HaP. These experimental results clearly point out that O2‐surface interactions suffice to dope the bulk of the films. Such behavior fits what is known for other polycrystalline semiconductors, where surface charge transfer‐adducts can form and be removed. Thus, controlling the O2 partial pressure to which the HaP film is exposed, can, after proper encapsulation, achieve the desired bulk doping of the film.
Rhodium(II)‐Catalyzed Site‐Selective Intramolecular Insertion of Aryldiazoacetates into Unactivated Primary C−H Bond: A Direct Route to 2‐Unsubstituted Indanes
Authors: Nambu Hisanori , Amano Ryoya , Tamura Takafumi , Yakura Takayuki
Published: May 2022

Dirhodium(II)‐catalyzed intramolecular insertion of aryldiazoacetates into an unactivated primary C−H bond was described in this study. The insertion reaction of aryldiazoacetates with ortho‐isopropyl or ortho‐ethyl groups in the presence of a catalytic amount of dirhodium(II) tetrakis(triphenylacetate), Rh2(tpa)4, at room temperature proceeded site‐selectively to afford 2‐unsubstituted indane‐1‐carboxylates in 75%–96% yields. In the case of o‐isopropyl‐substituted aryldiazoacetates, cis‐isomers were obtained as major products. Furthermore, a chemoselective C−H insertion reaction of aryldiazoacetate bearing 1‐oxyethyl‐substituent at the ortho position was achieved by using a bulky and electron‐deficient pivaloyl group as the protecting group of a highly active oxygen atom. The present reaction provided a direct route to 2‐unsubstituted indanes.

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Visible‐Light‐Promoted Radical Cyclization and N−N Bond Cleavage Relay of N‐Aminopyridinium Ylides for Access to 2,3‐Difunctionalized Indoles
Authors: Xu Meng‐Meng , Cao Wen‐Bin , Xu Xiao‐Ping , Ji Shun‐Jun
Published: May 2022

Reported herein is a photocatalytic platform for the vicinal aminopyridylation of indoles. The accurate difunctionalization reaction undergoes a tandem process involving a radical‐mediated 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddtion which generated from the single‐electron oxidation of N‐aminopyridinium ylides, a cleavage of the N−N bond as well as an oxidation of indoline ring. The electrophilic pyridyl and nucleophilic amino groups can be installed simultaneously into a wide range of indoles under mild and metal‐free conditions. Moreover, the protocol shows high levels of step and atom economy.

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A Method for Locating the Real Roots of the Symbolic Quintic Equation Using Quadratic Equations
Authors: Prodanov Emil M.
Published: May 2022

A method is proposed with which the locations of the roots of the monic symbolic quintic polynomial can be determined using the roots of two resolvent quadratic polynomials: and , whose coefficients are exactly those of the quintic polynomial. The different cases depend on the coefficients of and and on some specific relationships between them. The method is illustrated with the full analysis of one of the possible cases. Some of the roots of the symbolic quintic equation for this case have their isolation intervals determined and, as this cannot be done for all roots with the help of quadratic equations only, finite intervals containing 1 or 3 roots, or 0 or 2 roots, or, rarely, 0, or 2, or 4 roots of the quintic are identified. Knowledge of the stationary points of the quintic lifts this indeterminacy and allows finding the isolation interval of each root. Separately, using the complete root classification of the quintic, one can also lift this indeterminacy. The method also allows to see how variation of the individual coefficients of the quintic affect its roots. No root finding iterations or any numerical approximations are used and no equations of degree higher than two are solved.
Hot Carrier Transport and Carrier Multiplication Induced High Performance Vertical Graphene/Silicon Dynamic Diode Generator
Authors: Lu Yanghua , Shen Runjiang , Yu Xutao , Yuan Deyi , Zheng Haonan , Yan Yanfei , Liu Chang , Yang Zunshan , Feng Lixuan , Li Linjun , Lin Shisheng
Published: May 2022

Dynamic semiconductor diode generators (DDGs) offer a potential portable and miniaturized energy source, with the advantages of high current density, low internal impedance, and independence of the rectification circuit. However, the output voltage of DDGs is generally as low as 0.1–1 V, owing to energy loss during carrier transport and inefficient carrier collection, which requires further optimization and a deeper understanding of semiconductor physical properties. Therefore, this study proposes a vertical graphene/silicon DDG to regulate the performance by realizing hot carrier transport and collection. With instant contact and separation of the graphene and silicon, hot carriers are generated by the rebounding process of built‐in electric fields in dynamic graphene/silicon diodes, which can be collected within the ultralong hot electron lifetime of graphene. In particular, monolayer graphene/silicon DDG outputs a high voltage of 6.1 V as result of ultrafast carrier transport between the monolayer graphene and silicon. Furthermore, a high current of 235.6 nA is generated due to the carrier multiplication in graphene. A voltage of 17.5 V is achieved under series connection, indicating the potential to supply electronic systems through integration design. The graphene/silicon DDG has applications as an in situ energy source for harvesting mechanical energy from the environment.
Epidemiology, Survival, and Clinical Characteristics of Inclusion Body Myositis
Authors: Lindgren Ulrika , Pullerits Rille , Lindberg Christopher , Oldfors Anders
Published: May 2022

Objective

We performed a population‐based study on inclusion body myositis with the primary aims to define the prevalence, survival rate, and incidence, and to investigate the symptom profiles associated with disease duration and sex over a 33‐year period.

Methods

Patients diagnosed between 1985 and 2017 in Region Västra Götaland, Sweden, were identified according to the European Neuromuscular Centre diagnostic criteria from 2011.

Results

We identified 128 patients, 89 men and 39 women, with the strict clinicopathological definition of inclusion body myositis. The prevalence was 32 per million inhabitants, 19 per million women and 45 per million men, by December 31, 2017. Mean incidence was 2.5 per million inhabitants and year. Mean age at symptom onset was 64.4 years with quadriceps weakness being the most common presenting symptom followed by finger flexor weakness. Dysphagia was a common presenting symptom being more frequent in women (23%) than men (10%) and was during the disease course reported in 74% of men and 84% of women. Seventy‐three patients were deceased, with a mean survival of 14 years from symptom onset. Survival rates from both diagnosis date and symptom onset were decreased compared to the matched population.

Twenty‐one percent of the patients had an additional autoimmune disease. A cross‐sectional analysis of autoantibodies in 50 patients and 28 matched controls showed autoantibodies to cytosolic 5′‐nucleotidase 1A in 40% of the patients and 3.6% of controls.

Interpretation

Inclusion body myositis is an autoimmune disease with decreased survival rate and with marked sex differences in both prevalence and clinical manifestations. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:201–212
Collective Total Syntheses of Five Lycopodium Alkaloids
Authors: He Feifei , Feng Shangbiao , Zhao Yulong , Shi Hongliang , Duan Xiaoguang , Li Huilin , Xie Xingang , She Xuegong
Published: May 2022

It is reported herein that by exploiting the commonly shared bicyclic decahydroquinoline motif, a gold‐catalyzed enamide–alkyne cycloisomerization reaction is developed to access tricyclic cores in a simple way. These tricyclic cores further serve as an advanced platform for the divergent enantioselective collective total syntheses of five Lycopodium alkaloids, belonging to three different structural types, in a concise and protecting‐group‐free fashion. The key transformations in the second phase include: 1) a transannular reductive Heck cyclization for installation of the azepane ring in fawcettidine, fawcettimine, and lycoposerramine Q; 2) a domino Mukaiyama hydration/Grob fragmentation process for construction of the ten‐membered lactam system in phlegmariurine B; 3) a Fukuyama one‐pot protocol for the construction of the 2‐pyridone motif in lycoposerramine R. The newly developed strategy is expected to pave the way for the synthesis of other structurally related Lycopodium alkaloids.
Formation of a Hybrid 1‐Bora‐3‐boratabenzene Heteroarene Anion Derivative
Authors: Sun Qiu , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Mück‐Lichtenfeld Christian , Kehr Gerald , Erker Gerhard
Published: May 2022

The B(C6F5)2‐substituted borole 2⋅SMe2 was obtained from the phenyl bis(trimethylsilylethynyl) borane SMe2 adduct (1⋅SMe2) by a synthetic sequence containing a rare 1,1‐hydroboration reaction. Subsequent thermolysis at 50 °C converted it to the bicyclic borenium/borate zwitterion 3⋅SMe2. Photolysis of 3⋅SMe2 gave the diboracyclohexadiene derivative 4⋅SMe2, which after ligand exchange with N,N‐dimesitylimidazolylidene and deprotonation gave the 1‐bora‐3‐boratabenzene anion derivative as its potassium salt 6. Some unique follow‐up reactions of the unsaturated diboron containing six‐membered heterocycles were investigated.
Fluorescence or Phosphorescence? The Metallic Composition of the Nanocluster Kernel Does Matter
Authors: Zhu Chen , Xin Junsheng , Li Jing , Li Hao , Kang Xi , Pei Yong , Zhu Manzhou
Published: May 2022

It remains challenging to manipulate the nature of photoluminescence as either fluorescence or phosphorescence for a correlated cluster series. In this work, two correlated nanoclusters, Au5Ag11(SR)8(DPPOE)2 and Pt1Ag16(SR)8(DPPOE)2 with comparable structure features, were synthesized and structurally determined. These two alloy nanoclusters displayed distinct photoluminescent nature—the Au5Ag11 nanocluster is fluorescent, whereas the Pt1Ag16 nanocluster is phosphorescent. The decay processes of the excited electrons in these two nanoclusters have been explicitly mapped out by both experimental and theoretical approaches, disclosing the mechanisms of their fluorescence and phosphorescence. Specifically, the metallic compositions of the nanocluster kernels mattered in determining their photoluminescent nature. The results herein provide an intriguing nanomodel that enables us to grasp the origin of photoluminescence at the atomic level, which further paves the way for fabricating novel nanoclusters or cluster‐based nanomaterials with customized photophysical properties.
Effects of polyvinylidene fluoride substrate characteristics on the selectivity of thin‐film composite nanofiltration membrane
Authors: Zhu Chenyu , Zhang Xue , Li Fuzhi , Zhao Xuan
Published: May 2022

Thin‐film composite (TFC) nanofiltration (NF) membranes have been fabricated on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) substrates to separate Cl− and SO42−. With increasing polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) content (0–1.00 wt%) in PVDF casting solution, the corresponding substrates have similar surface pore size and hydrophilicity, but have enlarged surface porosity and bulk pore size. Obvious defects were found on TFC membrane surface, which were fabricated on the substrate with large and deep finger‐like pores. On such substrates, piperazine solution is prone to sink to the pore bottom and cannot react with trimesoyl chloride to form a defect‐free polyamide layer. Different from previous reports, the bulk pore size and structure, especially for the finger‐like pore, is found to be a key factor influencing the interfacial polymerization (IP) process. The optimal TFC membrane was prepared on the substrate with 0.15 wt% PVP in casting solution, which had crater‐shaped ridge‐valley structures, relatively high permeability and the largest separation factor of 4.66 for Cl− and SO42−. Although the NF performance needs to be further improved, the results shed lights on the important effects of the substrate bulk pore size and structure on the IP process, which will enlarge the knowledge on the impact of substrate on IP process.
Influence of process parameters on the formation of inhalable fiber dust during shredding for mechanical recycling of fiber‐reinforced organo sheets
Authors: Tölle Lisa , Hopp Matthias
Published: May 2022

Shredding is a major process step in mechanical recycling, as the plastic scrap needs to be cut into small pieces for further processing. It will be melted and finally injection‐molded to form new plastic parts. Also for fiber‐reinforced thermoplastics, the mechanical recycling process is an ecofriendly process because all resources are reused. One challenge during the shredding of fiber‐reinforced plastics is the fiber dust formation. The fiber dust disturbs the following production processes, and the fiber fragments can be alveolar and thus potentially toxic. Therefore, it is a major aim of this research to optimize the cutting process by investigating the effect of different shredding parameters on the alveolar fiber dust formation. Three different continuous fiber‐reinforced thermoplastic organo sheets (PP with glass fibers, PA6 with glass fibers, PA66 with carbon fibers) are shredded while the parameters of throughput, rotational speed, screen size and feedstock size are varied. The results show no clear effect of the throughput either on the amount of fine particles nor on the number of short fibers after removal of the plastic matrix for all materials. Reducing the screen size in the cutting mill leads to a large increase in the amount of fine particles and on the number of short fiber fragments. Additionally, the rotational speed has a large impact on the amount of fine particles. With increasing rotational speed, the number of fine particles rises, whereas there is no major effect on the fiber length distribution. The investigations relating the rotational speed are valid for all materials, throughput, screen sizes and feedstock sizes. Decreasing the feedstock size leads to an increasing amount of fine particles with no change in fiber length distribution for the glass fiber‐reinforced organo sheets. For the carbon fiber‐reinforced materials, it does not lead to any change in the amount of fiber dust but to an increase in shorter fibers. Thus this parameter seems to be material dependent. Images taken by a scanning electron microscope show alveolar fiber dust fragments in the ground material of all samples.
Cultural determinants in infants and infantile determinants in cultural practices
Authors: Dajani Karim G.
Published: May 2022

This article is adapted from a panel presentation given at the International Psychoanalytical Association Congress in the summer of 2020. It argues for the centrality of cultural determinants in infant development and the centrality of infantile modes of consciousness in our cultural practices. It suggests that the inculcation of shared systems of meaning‐making, referring to cultures or ideologies, are antecedent to any sort of meaningful infant development. Culture is a medium, a common ground that is both external and mental. It provides the necessary tools for infants to develop the capacity to re‐present experience along lines that are prescribed and recognized by the large group or collective in which the dyad (mother–infant) and triad (oedipal family) are embedded. The analysis of the individual's lived experiences in the context of dependence on their parents/family is necessary to understand the composition and function of our patients' unconscious. We propose extending our lens to include the analysis of social and cultural derivatives, the impact of the systems that suffuse us, on our unconscious and lived experience. Doing so will extend our relevance and shine a beacon in previously neglected regions of the human unconscious that are ‘fundamentally social’.
Optimal shock‐based maintenance policy for a system in a dynamic environment
Authors: Misaii Hasan , Haghighi Firoozeh , Fouladirad Mitra
Published: May 2022

In this article, we consider a single‐unit system that operates in a dynamic environment and is subject to shocks. Shocks only affect the system (nonlethal shock) and do not cause sudden failure, and arrive according to a counting process. Both homogeneous and nonhomogeneous Poisson processes are considered for shocks arrival modeling. In order to model the dynamic environment and consider shock effects, a multiplicative failure rate model is proposed. Both corrective maintenance and shock‐based preventive maintenance are considered, and two policies are proposed. In the first proposed policy, the system is replaced by a new one upon a failure or based on the predetermined number of shocks, whichever comes first, while the second proposed policy extends the first one by considering an imperfect preventive repair at each inspection time. The inspection times are periodic and the interinspection interval is considered as a decision variable. The proposed policies are optimized according to long‐run cost rate criteria. Numerical examples illustrate the applicability and efficiency of the proposed policies.
AmicroRNAor messengerRNApoint of departure estimates an apical endpoint point of departure in a rat developmental toxicity model
Authors: Johnson Kamin J. , Costa Eduardo , Marshall Valerie , Sriram Shreedharan , Venkatraman Anand , Stebbins Kenneth , LaRocca Jessica
Published: May 2022

Traditional developmental toxicity testing practice examines fetal apical endpoints to identify a point of departure (POD) for risk assessment. A potential new testing paradigm involves deriving a POD from a comprehensive analysis of molecular‐level change. Here, the rat ketoconazole endocrine‐mediated developmental toxicity model was used to test the hypothesis that maternal epigenomic (miRNA) and transcriptomic (mRNA) PODs are similar to fetal apical endpoint PODs. Sprague–Dawley rats were exposed from gestation day (GD) 6–21 to 0, 0.063, 0.2, 0.63, 2, 6.3, 20, or 40 mg/kg/day ketoconazole. Dam systemic, liver, and placenta PODs, along with GD 21 fetal resorption, body weight, and skeletal apical PODs were derived using BMDS software. GD 21 dam liver and placenta miRNA and mRNA PODs were obtained using three methods: a novel individual molecule POD accumulation method, a first mode method, and a gene set method. Dam apical POD values ranged from 2.0 to 38.6 mg/kg/day; the lowest value was for placenta histopathology. Fetal apical POD values were 10.9–20.3 mg/kg/day; the lowest value was for fetal resorption. Dam liver miRNA and mRNA POD values were 0.34–0.69 mg/kg/day, and placenta miRNA and mRNA POD values were 2.53–6.83 mg/kg/day. Epigenomic and transcriptomic POD values were similar across liver and placenta. Deriving a molecular POD from dam liver or placenta was protective of a fetal apical POD. These data support the conclusion that a molecular POD can be used to estimate, or be protective of, a developmental toxicity apical POD.
Outsourcing logistics operations in circular economy towards to sustainable development goals
Authors: Zarbakhshnia Navid , Govindan Kannan , Kannan Devika , Goh Mark
Published: May 2022

One of novel manners to achieve sustainable development is concentrating on circular economy in order to manage greenhouse gas emissions, energy consumption, and waste. It also helps to protect the environment and optimize usage of input resources. The main element of circular economy is closed‐loop supply chain which covers both forward and reverse products flows. This study aims to outsource logistics operations in a closed‐loop supply chain. An innovative analytical multi‐step fuzzy decision‐making method is proposed to rank sustainable third‐party logistics service providers (3PLSPs). Fuzzy Decision‐Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) is first used to evaluate the relationships among the main criteria. Then, fuzzy analytic network process (ANP) is applied to weight the determined set of criteria. In order to develop the hybrid fuzzy DEMATEL‐ANP method and to simplify the computation, the expert judgment method is used between the two techniques as a middle step to reduce the number of criteria. As many of the criteria overlap with each other on content and context, expert opinions are used to shortlist and rank the criteria. Finally, the 3PLSPs are ranked through the fuzzy complex proportional assessment (COPRAS) method. To validate the practicability and applicability of the improved decision‐making model, a household appliance case study is applied with data obtained from industry experts. In this case, five service providers are considered and ranked, while the first one gets the best score. A sensitivity analysis is performed by altering the criteria weights to validate the proposed approach, data, and the obtained results. In terms business and the environment, this study provides success critical criteria for decision‐making problems in circular economy for addressing sustainable development.