bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global solvability of a mixed problem for a singular semilinear hyperbolic 1d system
Authors: Kyrylych V. M. , Peliushkevych O. V.
Published: June 2024

Using the method of characteristics and the Banach fixed point theorem (for the Bielecki metric), in the paper it is established the existence and uniqueness of a global (continuous) solution of the mixed problem in the rectangle $\Pi=\{(x,t)\colon 0<x<l<\infty,\ 0<t<T<\infty\}$ for the first order hyperbolic system of semi-linear equations of the form
$$
\dfrac{\partial u}{\partial t}+\Lambda(x,t) \dfrac{\partial
u}{\partial x}=f(x,t,u,v,w), 
\dfrac{\partial v}{\partial x}=g(x,t,u,v,w),
\dfrac{\partial w}{\partial t }=h(x,t,u,v,w),
$$
for a singular with orthogonal (degenerate) and non-orthogonal to the coordinate axes characte\-ristics and with nonlinear boundary conditions,
where $\Lambda(x,t)=\mathrm{diag}(\lambda_1(x,t),\ldots,\lambda_k(x,t)),$ $u=(u_1,\ldots,u_k),$ $v=(v_1,\ldots,v_m),$ $w=(w_1,\ldots,w_n),$ $f=(f_1,\ldots,f_k),$ $g=(g_1,\ldots,g_m),$ $h=(h_1,\ldots,h_n)$
and besides
$\textrm{sign } \lambda_i(0,t)=\mathrm{const}\neq 0$, $\textrm{sign } \lambda_i(l,t)=\mathrm{const}\neq 0 $ $\text{for all} \ t \in [0, T] $ and  for all $i \in \{1,\ldots,k\}$. 
The presence of non-orthogonal and degenerate characteristics of the hyperbolic system for physical reasons indicates that part of the oscillatory disturbances in the medium propagates with a finite speed, and part with an unlimited one. Such a singularity (degeneracy of characteristics) of the hyperbolic system allows mathematical interpretation of many physical processes, or act as auxiliary equations in the analysis of multidimensional problems.
On solutions of certain compatible systems of quadratic trinomial Partial differential-difference equations
Authors: Mandal R. , Biswas R.
Published: June 2024

This paper has involved the use of a variety of variations of the Fermat-type equation $f^n(z)+g^n(z)=1$, where $n(\geq 2)\in\mathbb{N}$. Many researchers have demonstrated a keen interest to investigate the Fermat-type equations for entire and meromorphic solutions of several complex variables over the past two decades. Researchers utilize the Nevanlinna
theory as the key tool for their investigations.
Throughout the paper, we call the pair $(f,g)$ as a finite order entire solution for the Fermat-type compatible system
$\begin{cases} f^{m_1}+g^{n_1}=1;\\
f^{m_2}+g^{n_2}=1,\end{cases}$\!\!
if $f$, $g$ are finite order entire functions satisfying the system, where $m_1,m_2,n_1,n_2\in\mathbb{N}\setminus\{1\} .$\ Taking into the account the idea of the quadratic trinomial equations, a new system of quadratic trinomial equations has been constructed as follows:
$\begin{cases}
f^{m_1}+2\alpha f g+g^{n_1}=1;\\
f^{m_2}+2\alpha f g+g^{n_2}=1,\end{cases}$
\!\! where $\alpha\in\mathbb{C}\setminus\{0,\pm1\}.$
In this paper, we consider some earlier systems of certain Fermat-type partial differential-difference equations on $\mathbb{C}^2$, especially, those of Xu {\it{et al.}} (Entire solutions for several systems of nonlinear difference and partial differential-difference equations of Fermat-type, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 483(2), 2020) and then construct some systems of certain quadratic trinomial partial differential-difference equations with arbitrary coefficients. Our objective is to investigate the forms of the finite order transcendental entire functions of several complex variables satisfying the systems of certain quadratic trinomial partial differential-difference equations on $\mathbb{C}^n$. These results will extend the further study of this direction.
Assessing the effectiveness, biosafety, and resident’s perception of a micro-encapsulated propoxur paint against Aedes aegypti: a field trial in a dengue-affected community of Sonora, Mexico
Authors: Villegas-Trejo Alejandro , Alarcón-Elbal Pedro María , Castañeda-Gómez Jorge , Pruñonosa-Santana Javier , Arce-Vega Ricardo , Álvarez-Hernández Gerardo
Published: June 2024

Mosquito-borne diseases remain a major public health concern in the Region of the Americas. Concerning dengue, Mexico ranked as the third American country with the highest number of cases in 2023, following Brazil and Peru. In this sense, the development and production of safer, eco-friendly, cost-effective, more efficient, and target-specific insecticides have become essential in disease control strategies. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of indoor micro-encapsulated propoxur paint against Aedes aegypti, estimate residents' exposure via cholinesterase levels, and gauge resident perceptions in the rural village Poblado Miguel Alemán (PMA), Sonora, Mexico. Houses in PMA were organised into four blocks for a field trial, with different treatments on interior walls: 1) full insecticide paint coverage; 2) insecticide paint applied up to 1 meter; 3) full indoor residual spraying; and 4) no treatment (control). Mosquito surveys were conducted before and after interventions. Blood samples from residents were analysed for cholinesterase levels, while perceptions were gathered through a questionnaire. Aedes resting density correlated closely with the paint formulation and coverage. Full-surface insecticide paint showed the greatest reduction. Both paint interventions notably impacted Aedes breeding, with substantial reductions in House Index (20.1% IP, 31.2% IP 1 m) and Container Index (51.8% IP, 61.7% IP 1 m) compared to the control over one year. Post-intervention blood cholinesterase activity remained within acceptable limits. Over 80% of residents expressed satisfaction with the interventions. The use of propoxur paint proves to be a safe, effective, and well-accepted method for decreasing Ae. aegypti populations in urban areas.
Comparative evaluation of knowledge, attitudes and hesitancies related to four different types of vaccines: Smallpox, influenza, tetanus versus Covid-19 vaccines
Authors: Güran Mümtaz , Cangert İdil Yaren , Sabah Gamze , Çalışkan Ahmet Asım , Çakan Kübra , Derin Mehmet Erhan , Erdoğan Mehmet  Zana
Published: June 2024

Background and Purpose: The Covid-19 pandemic has brought the anti-vaccination problem back to the agenda. In this study, knowledge, attitudes and hesitancies related to four different types of well-publicized vaccines (smallpox, influenza, tetanus vs Covid-19) were comparatively evaluated to provide a unique understanding of vaccine hesitancy in general and distinctively for Covid-19.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted face-to-face among the university students. A 26-item questionnaire was designed to collect the data. The survey covered demographics and vaccine-related sections for each of four vaccines. Vaccine knowledge, attitudes/perceptions related to vaccine hesitancy were questioned in 4 sub-sections to receive participants answers for each vaccine. Obtained data were analyzed by biostatistical methods. Results: Covid-19 PCR positivity rate was 38.2% among the participants during study. General knowledge level score mean was 31.63/48 (65.89%) among the participants. General correct attitude score towards all vaccines mean was 70.78/104 (68.06%) among the participants. Participants have responded significantly different answers to Covid-19 vaccines in 14 of 22 questions/statements. New types of vaccines, logistics of these vaccines and severe side effects of vaccines were the parameters perceived significantly different for Covid-19 vaccines among others.
Conclusion: Our comparative analyzes have revealed that there are different points particularly for Covid-19 among others in the vaccine opposition seen in the Covid-19 pandemic.
Whole-population perspective is needed for analyses and actions to address linear growth faltering in low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Roth Daniel E , Watson Kelly , Bassani Diego G
Published: June 2024

Linear growth faltering (LGF), or slower than normal growth in height, is widely considered an indicator of suboptimal conditions affecting children’s development and health in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Recently, Benjamin-Chung and collaborating members of the Healthy Birth, Growth and Development Knowledge integration (HBGDki) consortium described the early onset and low reversal rates of LGF in 32 cohort studies that followed over 52,000 children from birth to 24 months of age in 14 countries. Their adoption and extension of conventionally used growth metrics to describe faltering patterns led to findings that echo a long-standing assumption that LGF in resource-constrained settings occurs mainly during early infancy and is mostly irreversible thereafter. Here, we discuss limitations of their methods and suggest an alternative approach that leads to different conclusions about the rate and timing of LGF in LMICs.
Strange and wonderful: Numbers through a new (material) lens
Authors: Overmann Karenleigh A.
Published: June 2024

I respond to P. McLaughlin and O. Schlaudt’s critique of my analysis of the cross-cultural origins of numbers, noting thatmywork draws extensively upon number systems as ethnographically attested around the globe, and thus is based only in part on the important Mesopotamian case study. I place the work of Peter Damerow in its historical context, noting its genesis in Piaget’s genetic epistemology and the problems associated with applying Piaget’s developmental theory to societies. While Piaget assumed numeracy involves invariant mental transformations, ongoing research in numerical cognition has been largely unsuccessful in identifying specific brain-bound mechanisms for numerical structure. Accordingly, I suggest the extended mind paradigm from the philosophy of mind may be a more fruitful approach, and detail such an approach using Material Engagement Theory.
Modeling the Effects of Task Repetition in L2 Writing: Examining Inter-and Intra-individual Variability
Authors: Hiver Phil V. , Al-Hoorie Ali H. , Murakami Akira
Published: June 2024

In this study, we report a longitudinal study of the effects of procedural task repetition on learners' task performance (i.e., syntactic complexity in relation to lexical complexity). We investigated how task repetition results in differences at the group and individual level across each task interval (T = 7). Intermediate-level Saudi learners of English (N = 93) performed a written task biweekly over the course of a whole semester. To control for text type, mode and tenor were fixed at each data elicitation moment, but field was varied in these writing tasks to keep learners engaged. Using Bayesian generalized additive mixed models and mixed location-scale models we analyzed specific ways that groups and individuals changed across time over the course of each task iteration and in relation to previous points. Our results showed that learners' task performance demonstrated nonlinearity, stability, and variability with meaningfully different effects on individual and group-level development over time.
Метаонтология. Теоретический обзор
Authors: Kononov Eugene
Published: June 2024

Книга представляет собой первый на русском языке систематический обзор метаонтологиии – дисциплины, которая пытается ответить на наиболее важные и глубокие вопросы относительно бытия и существования. Что мы подразумеваем под онтологическим вопросом «Что есть»? Что такое бытие и существование? Есть ли между ними разница? Как их лучше всего выразить: с помощью квантора, предиката? Имеются ли разные способы бытия? Есть ли несуществующие объекты? Являются ли онтологические споры чисто словесными? Легко ли их разрешить? В книге дается подробный обзор наиболее известных метаонтологических теорий: онтологического реализма, кванторной изменчивости, легкой онтологии, фикционализма, онтологического плюрализма, неомейнонгианства, неоаристотелизма. Книга предполагает некоторое первоначальное знакомство с философией и может быть использована в качестве учебного пособия для студентов философских факультетов высших учебных заведений.
A Crisis of Political Trust? Global trends in institutional trust from 1958 to 2019
Authors: Valgarðsson Viktor Orri , Jennings Will , Stoker Gerry , Bunting Hannah , Devine Daniel , McKay Lawrence , Klassen Andrew
Published: June 2024

In the study of politics, many theoretical accounts assume that we are experiencing a ‘crisis of democracy’, with declining levels of political trust. While some empirical studies support this account, others disagree and report ‘trendless fluctuations’. We argue that these empirical ambiguities are based on analytical confusion: whether trust is declining depends on the institution, country and period in question. We clarify these issues and apply our framework to an empirical analysis that is unprecedented in geographic and temporal scope: we apply Bayesian dynamic latent trait models to uncover underlying trends in data on trust in six institutions collated from 3,377 surveys conducted by 50 projects in 143 countries between 1958 and 2019. We identify important differences between countries and regions, but globally we find that trust in representative institutions has generally been declining in recent decades, whereas trust in ‘implementing’ institutions has been stable or rising.
Socioeconomic-Status Differences in Agentic and Communal Self-Concepts
Authors: Boileau Lucia Lou-Anne , Gebauer Jochen , Bleidorn Wiebke , Rentfrow Jason , Potter Jeff , Gosling Samuel D.
Published: June 2024

Do people of different socioeconomic status differ in how they see themselves on the Big Two self-concept dimensions of agency and communion? Existent research relevant to this theoretically and socially important question has generally been indirect: it has relied on distant proxies for agentic and communal self-concepts, narrow operationalizations of socioeconomic status, comparatively small samples, and data from few nations/world regions. By contrast, the present research directly examines the associations between socioeconomic status and agentic and communal self-concepts, relies on well-validated measures of agency and communion, examines three complementary measures of socioeconomic status, and uses data from 6 million people (years of age: M = 26.12, SD = 11.50) across 133 nations. Overall, people of higher status saw themselves as somewhat more agentic and as slightly less (or negligibly less) communal. Crucially, those associations varied considerably across nations. We sought to explain that variation with 11 national characteristics and found only three of them to be robustly relevant: National religiosity and pathogen load curbed status differences in agentic self-concepts, and income inequality amplified status differences in communal self-concepts. Our discussion develops theory to explain the importance of national religiosity, pathogen load, and income inequality for socioeconomic-status differences in agentic and communal self-concepts and it also describes the substantial societal implications of those differences.
Wear it like armour and it can never be used to hurt you: Reappropriation, identity change, and collective action
Authors: Uysal Mete Sefa , Acar Yasemin Gülsüm
Published: June 2024

Reappropriation has been discussed as an identity management strategy as a means to re-evaluate oneself in a context that won’t allow for large-scale social change. There are, however, numerous examples of reappropriation of stigmatizing labels as connected to political movements. This research examines whether reappropriation of stigmatizing labels can function as a precursor to collective action. In Study 1, we conducted semi-structured interviews on the reappropriation of "çapulcu” identity with 20 Gezi Park protesters in Turkey. Interviews focused on how they recall the reappropriation of the word to have started, how they gave subsequent meaning, and how çapulcu identity predicted their protest participation and their broader politicization during and after the protests. In Study 2, we conducted a cross-sectional survey on the reappropriation of fat identity collecting data from fat liberation and body positivity activists in North America (n = 479). Reflexive thematic analysis (Study 1) and structural equation modelling (Study 2) showed that reappropriation of stigmatizing labels among activists is associated with a greater willingness to participate in collective action through increased agency, empowerment, and identity change. Findings provide important insights on identity management strategies and social change, and open new avenues to discuss reappropriation as a possible political strategy that might mobilize oppressed groups.
m-generalized group inverse in Banach algebras
Authors: Chen Huanyin
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we introduce the notion of the $m$-generalized group inverse in a *-Banach algebra.This is a natural generalization of $m$-weak group inverse and generalized group inverse. We present elementary properties of this new generalized inverse and characterize it by the $m$-generalized group decomposition and the polar-like property. Furthermore, the relations between $m$-generalized group inverse and generalized group inverse are investigated. New properties of $m$-weak group inverse and generalized group inverse are thereby obtained.
Colony size as the main driver of the evolution of song diversity and composition in weaverbirds
Authors: Harscouet Erwan , Adenot Nathalie , Thetiot Alexandre , Bresciani Nina , Oschadleus Dieter , Covas Rita , Rybak Fanny , Doutrelant Claire
Published: June 2024

Birdsong is a complex signal shaped by multiple factors and has been explored most widely through the lens of sexual selection, but with mixed results. Here, we focus on the evolution of two song parameters, diversity, which is widely studied, and composition, which is poorly understood. We assessed the potential role of mating system as a proxy of sexual selection, but in addition, investigated whether colony size, a proxy of sociality, and phylogenetic history influence the evolution of these parameters in weaverbirds family (Aves: Ploceidae). Using comparative and path analyses we find that, as expected, species living in larger colonies present greater song diversity and had similar song composition. However, contrary to expectations, polygamous species do not present higher song diversity, nor more similar acoustic composition than monogamous species. A relatively high effect of phylogeny was detected on both song variables. Our results thus suggest that, in this family, sociality is a stronger driver of song diversity and composition than sexual selection. These findings highlight the importance of a multifaceted approach when studying bird song evolution and the relevance of sociality.
Associations between parental psychopathology and youth functional emotion regulation brain networks
Authors: Karl Valerie , Beck Dani , Eilertsen Espen Moen , Morawetz Carmen , Wiker Thea , Aksnes Eira Ranheim , Norbom Linn B. , Ferschmann Lia , MacSweeney Niamh , Voldsbekk Irene , Andreassen Ole A. , Westlye Lars T. , Gee Dylan G. , Engen Haakon , Tamnes Christian K.
Published: June 2024

Parental mental health is associated with children’s emotion regulation (ER) and risk for psychopathology. The relationship between parental psychopathology and children’s functional ER networks and whether connectivity patterns mediate the relationship between parent and youth psychopathology remains unexplored. Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (N = 4202, mean age = 10.0) and a multilevel approach, we analyzed the relationship between self-reported parental psychopathology and their offsprings’ connectivity of four ER networks, as well as associations with self-reported youth psychopathology at a 3-year follow-up. Parental internalizing and total problems were associated with 1) higher connectivity between a subcortical-cortical integrative and ventrolateral prefrontal cortical (PFC) network, 2) lower connectivity between dorsolateral and ventrolateral PFC networks involved in cognitive aspects of ER, and 3) lower connectivity within a subcortical ER network (β = -0.05-0.04). Parental externalizing and total problems were associated with lower connectivity within the integrative network (βext = -0.05; βtot = -0.04). Mediation analyses yielded direct effects of parental to youth psychopathology, but no mediation effect of ER network connectivity. Overall, our results show that ER network connectivity in youth is related to parental psychopathology, yet do not explain intergenerational transmission of psychopathology.
Zależność pomiędzy miłością, liczbą dzieci a przywiązaniem
Authors: Ratka Aleksandra
Published: June 2024

Praca ma na celu zbadanie, w jaki sposób intymność, namiętność, zaangażowanie i przywiązanie wpływają na kształtowanie się miłości podczas różnych etapów życia i w różnych typach relacji. W szczególności, analiza skoncentruje się na zrozumieniu, jak te czynniki współdziałają ze sobą, tworząc złożoną dynamikę miłości. Chciałam również zbadać czy zakochani ludzie wykazują wyższy poziom przywiązania do siebie. Dodatkowo sprawdziłam zależność między miłością, a liczbą dzieci. Badanie przeprowadziłam na próbie 40 osób w populacji polskiej. Potwierdziła się moja hipoteza dotycząca spadku namiętności w związkach długoterminowych.
Trajectories of DSM-5-TR Prolonged Grief Disorder Severity in the First Two Years After Loss During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Reitsma Lyanne , Mooren Trudy , Mouthaan Joanne , Pociunaite Justina , van Hoof Marie-José , Groen Simon , Lotzin Annett , Boelen Paul A. , Lenferink Lonneke I.M.
Published: June 2024

Due to the presumed high risk for prolonged grief disorder (PGD) in people bereaved during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is crucial to examine how grief develops over time in this population. This is the first study examining longitudinal symptom-profiles of PGD severity in people bereaved during the pandemic. We aimed to identify latent trajectories of DSM-5-TR PGD severity and predictors thereof in Dutch adults bereaved during the pandemic. Latent class growth modeling was employed to identify differential trajectories of PGD severity in 266 people bereaved on average 115 days prior when entering the study. Participants completed a PGD measure online (using the Traumatic Grief Inventory-Self Report-Plus) at three time-intervals six months apart. Associations between class-membership and socio-demographic, loss-related, health-related, and trauma-related characteristics were examined using multinomial logistic regression. Three trajectories were identified: Low/decreasing PGD symptoms (74%), Mild/stable PGD symptoms (18%), and High/decreasing PGD trajectory (8%). Closer kinship to the deceased, poorer self-rated health status, and having a mental disorder increased the likelihood of belonging to the Mild/stable PGD symptoms and High/decreasing PGD trajectories. This study provides insights in longitudinal PGD symptom-profiles in people bereaved during the pandemic. We found that PGD severity either remained low/mild or eventually decreased over time.
The relationship between aha-experiences and interest, and the role of metacognitive feelings
Authors: Haugen Josefine , Martinussen Liva , Høgheim Sigve , Reber Rolf
Published: June 2024

Interest in mathematics is an important factor that contributes to improved understanding and mathematical skills. Hence, it is crucial to explore factors that contribute to interest development. This study investigated the role of aha-experiences and accompanying metacognitive feelings like positive affect, certainty, and fluency in developing mathematical interest. In this longitudinal study, we examine the role of aha-experiences in a classroom context and their impact on mathematical interest in Middle school students (N=468) aged 13-16. The students completed five questionnaires, including pre- and posttests, over eight weeks. Findings indicate that aha-experiences and their related metacognitive feelings are associated with situational interest, primarily through positive affect. Moreover, there are indications that individual interest moderates the mutual relationship between situational interest and aha-experience frequency. However, no longitudinal effect of aha-experiences or metacognitive feelings on developing individual interest was observed in our sample. The findings contribute to understanding the relationship between mathematical interest, aha-experiences, and metacognitive feelings.
Self-Other Dynamics (SOD): A Transtheoretical Coding Manual
Authors: Slonim Dana Atzil
Published: June 2024

Building on both modern and classical psychotherapy theories, I propose the Self-Other Dynamics (SOD) approach. This transtheoretical approach integrates key elements of patients' self-states, therapists' interventions, and their dyadic interactions, with the goal of identifying adaptive and maladaptive dynamics associated with psychotherapy outcomes. The vast number of self-states, the dynamic contexts in which they may emerge, and interventions that therapists may utilize to address them have presented a formidable challenge that research methodologies have struggled to tackle until recently. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), particularly the development of large language models (LLMs), offer substantial promise in addressing this challenge. The goal of this project is to leverage LLM capabilities to automatically detect a patient's self-state and recommend the most appropriate intervention to enhance their well-being. To achieve this goal, I developed the SOD coding scheme, which integrates micro-level processes of patients, therapists, and dyads that are considered central according to a wide range of therapeutic approaches. Using this scheme, patient-therapist dialogues will be annotated speech turn by speech turn. Initially, a subset of the data will be manually annotated using the SOD coding scheme. Subsequently, LLMs will be trained to automatically annotate a larger dataset, enabling the scaling up of categories and providing clinical insights into adaptive and maladaptive self-other dynamics. This paper describes the work in progress, beginning with the background of the SOD theoretical approach, followed by detailed guidelines for the coding scheme. Preliminary experiments indicate that LLMs can reliably annotate psychotherapy data at a level comparable to human reliability.
Financial Hedging and Optimal Currency of Invoicing
Authors: Xie Oliver
Published: June 2024

I develop a theory on the optimal currency choice for invoicing international goods trade in the presence of imperfect financial hedging of currency risk. I demonstrate that the classic irrelevance result—that the cost of external financial hedging does not impact the choice of currency for invoicing—rests on the assumption that sellers set prices ex-ante and commit to fulfill any order size ex-post. I refer to this set-up as sticky prices and flexible quantities. I show that when quantities are also sticky, in the sense that the order quantity is pre-specified, then financial hedging affects the optimal currency of invoicing choice. My theory of jointly sticky prices and quantities incorporates financial frictions into existing theories of real hedging. I show that this financial hedging channel is quantitatively relevant and that it generates a feedback between macroprudential policies that affect the cost of hedging, such as capital controls on domestic versus foreign borrowing, and the optimal currency of invoicing. As a result, macroprudential policies can affect the expenditure switching properties of the exchange rate by inducing a different choice of optimal currency of invoicing.
Whole-Child Development Losses and Racial Inequalities during the Pandemic: Fallouts of School Closure with Remote Learning and Unprotective Community
Authors: Thalia Nita
Published: June 2024

Grounded in a strength-based whole-child development model, this study explores the racial disparities of students’ learning and well-being during the pandemic. Linking the U.S. national/state databases of education and health, it examines changes in whole-child outcomes and related factors—remote learning and protective community. It reveals race/ethnicity-stratified, cross-state variations of learning and well-being losses during school closure and accountability turnover. Overall, students in the states with longer school closure and remote learning suffered bigger losses, whereas students in the states with better school funding and protective community had smaller losses. While all racial minority groups experienced relatively more remote learning and unprotective community, their consequences diverged: achievement gaps, relative to Whites, widened for Blacks and Hispanics, whereas well-being gaps widened for Asians. Despite common vulnerability, racial minority groups showed different signs of strength and resilience. Policy and research implications are discussed towards holistic and equitable post-pandemic recovery among all races/ethnicities. A silver lining during the pandemic was breaking the silos across state government agencies (education, health/mental health, social work, etc.) for whole-child support services. Without cross-sector partnership and safety nets, school closure and accountability turnover would have serious negative impacts on equity, exacerbating pre-existing racial inequalities and achievement/well-being gaps.
Characterization and comparison of titanium dioxide nanoparticles prepared by microwave and pulse laser ablation liquid methods
Authors: Khalid Mariam , Azara Hussain Saleem , H. Al-Mayalee Khalidah
Published: June 2024

This study synthesized titanium dioxide (TiO2) quickly and cheaply using microwaves and pulsed laser ablation. Titanium isopropoxide (Ti[OCH(CH3)2]4) was the precursor and deionized water (DIW) was the solvent and reducer for sub-micrometer particle production in microwave technique. TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized in pulsed laser ablation liquid medium after a 5-minute preparation period in a 1200 W commercial microwave and a 1-hour annealing at 400°C. A Q-switched Nd:YAG laser with 480 mJ energy per pulse was used for 100, 200, and 300 pulses. Multiple methods, including XRD, BET, and EDX. XRD showed anatase TiO2 in microwave-synthesised nanoparticles. Pulsed laser ablation produced pure TiO2 nanoparticles with a brookite crystalline structure. In microwave BET analysis, TiO2 has a large surface area of 72.727 to 108.28 m2/g. BET analysis indicated 82.44 to 98.67 m2/g of TiO2 surface area by pulsed laser ablation. Strong titanium (Ti) and oxygen (O) peaks in microwave and pulsed laser ablation EDX tests showed nanoparticle purity.
Foreign Trade of Nepal: Evidence from Gravity Model
Authors: Adhikari Gyan Mani , Joshi Binod , Basnet Bhawana , Chhetri Santosh
Published: June 2024

This study employs the gravity model to assess Nepal's trade potential and its relationships with neighboring and significant trading partners. The model, which links trade volume to country size and proximity, forecasts Nepal's trade for 2023 using coefficients derived from the model. By comparing expected trade volume with actual trade, the study determines Nepal's trade potential with 10 key partners. Results showed that while some nations trade above their potential, others trade below it. Notably, Nepal surpasses its trade potential with all 10 partners, including neighboring giants India and China, indicating the strong trading performance of the country.
A Comparative Analysis of DES, AES and Blowfish Based DNA Cryptography
Authors: Dhamala Narayan , Acharya Krishna Prasad
Published: June 2024

Protecting sensitive information while transmitting data across communication channel is very important. The field of study which deals with transmitting information in an unreadable form isknown as cryptography. A modern cryptography technique, DNA Cryptography, is used to encode messages in the form of DNA genes. The DNA consists of four genes: Adenine (denotedby A), Cytosine (denoted by C), Thymine (denoted by T) and Guanine (denoted by G). The DNA encryption process converts the given messages in the form DNA sequences and the DNA decryption process converts the resulting DNA sequences in the original form. In this paper, the output of three different Symmetric Cryptographic algorithms: DES, AES and Blowfish are compared in terms of average encryption time, average decryption time for different datasets and the effect of length of plaintext on encryption time and decryption is analyzed so as to  measure the performance of those algorithms. While comparing the above algorithm it is found that: The AES based DNA Cryptography algorithm takes more encryption and decryption time while the DES based DNA algorithm takes  less encryption time and the Blowfish based DNA algorithm takes less decryption time. The result also shows that the decryption time is much faster as compared to that of encryption time.
त्रि. वि. ले लिने परीक्षाहरूको प्रश्नपत्रमा विषयगत वैधता {Subjective Legality in the TU Question}
Authors: फुएल Phuyal बद्रीप्रसाद Badriprasad
Published: June 2024

यस अध्ययनको उद्देश्य त्रिभुवन विश्वविद्यालयले लिने विभिन्न परीक्षाका प्रश्नपत्रहरूमा निहित विषयगत वैधताको गुणलाई विश्लेषण गर्नु हो । यो अध्ययन तार्किक विश्लेषणमा आधरित छ । यसमा त्रिभुवन विश्वविद्यालय बि.एड. तहको तेस्रो वर्षमा अध्यन–अध्यापन गरिने पाठ्यक्रम र मूल्याङ्कन ९भ्म। द्धघज्ञ० विषयको वार्षिक परीक्षामा सोधिएका प्रश्नहरूको अध्ययन एवम् विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । विगत तीन वर्ष २०७६ देखि २०७८ सम्मका प्रश्नपत्रलाई अध्ययनको विषय बनाइएको छ । परीक्षामा सोधिएका प्रश्नहरूमा कुन हदसम्म सबै एकाइको प्रतिनिधित्व भएको भन्ने कुराको विश्लेषण तार्किक रूपमा गरिएको छ । यस अध्ययनले असल परीक्षणका विशेषताहरूको शिक्षण गर्ने त्रिभुवन विश्वविद्यालय, शिक्षाशास्त्र सङ्कायका शिक्षकहरूले निर्माण गरेका प्रश्नपत्रहरूको एकाइगत प्रतिनिधित्वको पक्षबाट हेर्दा र अङ्क विभाजनल।ई हेर्द विषयगत वैधता कमजोर रहेको देखियो भने पछिल्ला वर्षका प्रश्नहरूमा चाहिँ सुधारोन्मुख अवस्था देखिएको, ती प्रश्नहरूलाई अझ राम्रो बनाउनका लागि प्रश्न निर्माणकर्ताहरूले विशिष्टीकरण तालिका निर्माण गरेर सोका आधारमा मात्र प्रश्न निर्माण गराउनुपर्ने र निर्माण भएका प्रश्नपत्रहरूलाई विशेषज्ञहरूको समूहले विषयगत वैधताको जाँच गराएर मात्र परीक्षामा प्रयोग गर्ने परम्पराको सुरूवात गर्नुपर्ने निष्कर्ष प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ ।
{The main purpose of this study is to analyze the quality of subjective legality in the TU questions. This study is based on logical analysis. In this article, it is studied and analyzed on the curriculum and evaluation of B.Ed. 3rd year (Ed. 431) TU question. The subject matter of the study includes the questions of the last three years (2076-2078 B.S.). The prime focus of this study is to analyze how each of the units of the text has been addressed. Further, this studies on the question set by the qualified University teachers on the basis of unit wise representation of the text. The findings of this article are as follows:a. Weak subjective legality in the question marks weightageb. Improve of the questions in the later yearsc. Need of Specialization Table to standardize the questionsd. Form the questions on the basic of the only Specialization Tablee. Introduce the tradition of the questions in the examination scrutinized by the subjects forthe subjective legality.}
Uncanny and Displacement: Forcibly Displaced People Living in the State of Uncanny Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Karki Karun Kishor , Giwa Sulaimon , Mullings Delores V. , Gyan Charles , Dhungel Rita
Published: June 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic caused a massive humanitarian crisis across the globe. In times of emergency response, such as the pandemic, forcibly displaced people are among the most vulnerable groups who often face socio-economic marginalization, and other forms of intersecting oppression and discrimination, such as xenophobia and racism. In refugee camps, they are more susceptible to contracting the virus because of their poor living conditions in overcrowded camps and/or substandard housing, difficulties in adopting social distancing and self-isolation, and lack of adequate public health services. Using predetermined inclusion criteria for the studies, we searched databases, including JSTOR, Social Work Abstract, Social Sciences Abstract, EBSCOhost, ProQuest, and PsycINFO, to find relevant literature. We employed a theoretical construct of “uncanny,” often used by postcolonial thinkers, to critically analyze the selected studies. We identified four overarching themes: a) crisis within crises amid the pandemic, b) racism and xenophobia amid the pandemic, c) international solidarity and sharing responsibility, and d)neoliberal global regime and displacement. Our paper concludes with policy recommendations and action plans to be implemented by international communities, governments, and civil society targeting forcibly displaced people to mitigate the impacts of COVID-19 and future pandemics.
Predicting Losses from Landslide and Flood Events in Nepal: A Regression Analysis with Moving Averages Approach
Authors: Adhikari Pitri Bhakta , Ghimere Rachana , Khanal Nabaraj
Published: June 2024

Nepal is highly vulnerable to disasters due to its geographical structure, significant temperature variability over short distances, and changing climate. This paper aims to evaluate historical trends and predict future disaster-related losses. The moving average method is used in this study for analysis. The study focuses on data and analysis of two frequently occurring disasters in Nepal. A straight regression line is applied to the number of incidents and various variables (total deaths, missing people, affected families, and injured people) to predict future losses. Since 1971, the number of incidents involving these two disasters, landslide and flood, has been rapidly increasing. A 5-year moving average is employed to analyze the data, revealing a sharp increase in all variables studied. The rapid rise in disaster incidents and associated losses could pose significant challenges for the country. To enhance public safety, information programs should be implemented, and areas should be ranked by their level of danger to mitigate losses.
Identity Portrayal of Dalit Characters, Class and Culture: Comparative Study on Novels Written by Dalit and Non-Dalit Novelists
Authors: Magarati Shyam Lal , Rai Prakash
Published: June 2024

The paper attempts to explore the identity portrayals of Dalit characters, their class, and culture in the Nepali texts by both Dalit and Non-Dalit writers. KoAchut? (Who is Untouchable?) by MuktinathTimsena and NayāGhar (New Home) by Bishowbhakta Dulal, are selected two novels to examine the issue of Dalit characters, class, and culture. The study employs a qualitative method, particularly textual analysis for the interpretation. The data have been meticulously extracted from the novels to compare and contrast the internal dispositions and external socio-cultural interactions of the characters represented by the writers from both mainstream community and marginalized ones in Nepali surrounding. Major drawing from Stuart Hall's opinion of discursive identity and representation in cultural studies, the study tries to include the supportive perspectives from scholars such as Chris Barker, Eagleton, and Foucault, as well as insights from Indian writers like Vandana Bhatta, Ghanshyam, and Neha Arora to augment the textual analysis. The findings emphasize a recurring theme of class struggle in both narratives, showcasing Dalit characters wrestling with poverty and disenfranchisement while non-Dalit counterparts are positioned as prosperous and influential figures. A notable discrepancy emerges as Dalit characters are relegated to minor roles, contrasting with the predominant roles given to non-Dalit characters. Interestingly, Dalit writer draws from personal experiences and real-life events while non-Dalit writer only speculates on the complex development and dogmatic progression of Dalit characters. This research sheds light on the socio-cultural complexity within Dalit literature, emphasizing the implication of comparative scrutiny in addressing the societal subtleties surrounding culture, privilege, and representation.
Historical Materialist Approach to Literature and Art
Authors: Khatri Tilak Bahadur
Published: June 2024

This article explores the basic features of the historical materialist approach to literature and art. It aims to highlight the core of this approach to literature and art and make a contrast to other approaches. The article addresses the research problems concerning the view of the historical materialist approach to the primacy of being or consciousness, the relationship of literature and art with the objective world, the free or class partisan literature and art, and the role of literature and art in changing the existing society. The research methodology adopted for this study is the review-based analysis of some of the major critiques of the historical materialist approach to literature and art. The researcher has included the critiques of Karl Marx, Frederick Engels, V.I. Lenin, and Mao Tsetung as they represent the founding figures of the approach and widely named this approach the Marxist approach too. The article reveals that the historical materialist approach views being as primary over consciousness, observes the literature and art as the reflection of the objective world, believes in the class partisan literature and art in a class-based society, and sees the prime utility of literature and art in bringing a radical change in society. The historical materialist approach favors the revolutionary literature and art that takes sides with the majority of working-class people, the revolutionary force of the future capable of establishing the scientific communist society.
Mythology Meets Modernity: Urban Settings and Mythological Characters in Indian English Literature
Authors: Rajiv
Published: June 2024

This paper explores the intricate relationship between ancient Indian mythology and contemporary urban settings in Indian English literature. It examines how authors such as Ashwin Sanghi, Amish Tripathi, Samit Basu, and Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni reimagine mythological characters within modern contexts. This trend not only revitalizes traditional narratives but also addresses pressing societal issues, acting as a cultural bridge between India’s mythological past and its urban present.
Reconstructing Indian History through Virtual Reality: New Dimensions of Experience and Education
Authors: Jaipal Vishal
Published: June 2024

The aim of this research paper is to examine the possibilities and benefits of reconstructing Indian history through Virtual Reality (VR). VR technology can not only help bring history to life but can also play a vital role in providing it new dimensions of teaching and experience. This research analyses the various uses of VR, its impacts, and its potential contribution to the study and preservation of Indian history.
Abstract in Hindi Language:
इस शोध पत्र का उद्देश्य वर्चुअल रियलिटी (वीआर) के माध्यम से भारतीय इतिहास का पुनर्निर्माण करने की संभावनाओं और लाभों की जांच करना है। वीआर तकनीक न केवल इतिहास को जीवंत बनाने में मदद कर सकती है, बल्कि इसे शिक्षण और अनुभव के नए आयाम प्रदान करने में भी महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभा सकती है। इस शोध में वीआर के विभिन्न उपयोगों, इसके प्रभावों, और भारतीय इतिहास के अध्ययन और संरक्षण में इसके संभावित योगदान का विश्लेषण किया गया है।
Keywords: वर्चुअल रियलिटी, भारतीय इतिहास, पुनर्निर्माण, अनुभवात्मक शिक्षा, संरक्षण, पर्यटन, शोध
Mapping Melancholy: Sentiment Analysis of Emotional Trends in Victorian Literature
Authors: Satya Prakash
Published: June 2024

This paper explores the application of sentiment analysis techniques to understand the emotional landscape of Victorian literature. By analyzing a corpus of key Victorian novels, the study aims to uncover patterns of melancholy, joy, anger, and other emotions, providing insights into the socio-cultural context of the 19th century. The research employs natural language processing tools to quantify and visualize emotional trends, examining how these reflect the broader themes of industrialization, social change, and personal identity in Victorian England. Through this computational approach, the study contributes to both digital humanities and literary scholarship, offering a novel perspective on the emotional dimensions of classic literary works.
Exploring the Socio-Economic Landscape: A Geographical Perspective on Scheduled Caste Respondents in Basti District of Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Prakash Vishal , Kumar Pradip
Published: June 2024

The analysis of geographical factors is crucial for comprehending the relationships between humans and their environment, which influence various aspects of life. It substantially impacts the socio-economic status of individuals, communities, societies, and nations. The present study assesses the socio-economic conditions of the scheduled caste population of the Basti district, Uttar Pradesh, India, focusing on its various attributes like education, land holding size, income, etc. According to Census 2011, 16.6 percent population at the national level and 20.7 percent at the state level belong to the Scheduled Caste category, whereas in Basti district, this number is 20.8 percent. In Basti, the number of scheduled caste workers is 171,474, with 1,18,871 males and 52,603 females. The study is mainly based on primary and secondary data. Primary data has been collected through the interview schedule, observation, and focus discussion. At the same time, the secondary data was collected from academic journals, research monographs, yearbooks, e-books, bulletins, government publications, dissertations, theses, annual reports of the state government of Uttar Pradesh, and census reports. The review of secondary data and observations from the field indicate a diverse socio-economic landscape in the study area, with the majority of people engaged in agriculture and allied activities and only a small percentage involved in other sectors for livelihood, which means that in the last few decades, the socio-economic status of deprived communities especially the  Scheduled Castes has improved due to the change in literacy rate, better job opportunities and linkages with welfare schemes. However, more concerted efforts are still needed at the grassroots level to enhance their quality of life, access to welfare schemes, and reservation provisions.
Methods of correction of hyperprolactinemia induced by antipsychotics: current state of the problem and development prospects
Authors: Mazo G. E. , Yakovleva Ya. V.
Published: June 2024

Hyperprolactinemia is one of the common undesirable phenomena of antipsychotic therapy, as it is associated with a number of mental and somatic complications. To date, there are several strategies for the correction of antipsychotics induced hyperprolactinemia, the most evidential basis of which has an addition to the current treatment of partial dopamine agonist — aripiprazole.

Other drugs in this group, cariprazine and brexpiprazole, due to a similar mechanism of action with aripiprazole, belong to prolactin-saving drugs. However, their differences in pharmacodynamics may determine features in prolactin effects and attract attention for further study of their prolactin-saving activity.
Interações entre cilevírus, dichorhavírus e plantas hospedeiras
Authors:   , Ferreira Leticia Maria
Published: June 2024

Brevipalpus yothersi é uma espécie polífaga de ácaro tenuipalpídeo, comumente encontrada em plantas da vegetação espontânea ou cultivadas, associada à transmissão de fitovírus conhecidos como VTBs (vírus transmitidos por Brevipalpus). Os VTBs pertencem a dois gêneros, Cilevirus e Dichorhavirus. Dentre os cilevírus, destacam-se, no Brasil, o citrus leprosis virus C (CiLVC), principal agente causal da leprose dos citros, que induz danos e perdas significativas à produção de laranja, e o passion fruit green spot virus (PfGSV), agente causal da pinta verde do maracujazeiro, que pode levar à morte prematura da planta. Dentre os dichorhavírus, o coffee ringspot virus (CoRSV), causador da mancha anular do cafeeiro, que ocasiona danos na produção e na qualidade do café, e o clerodendrum chlorotic spot virus (ClCSV), que infecta diversas espécies de plantas ornamentais causando lesões cloróticas a necróticas nas folhas, são frequentemente encontrados no país.