bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Will the Artificial Intelligence Touch Substitute for the Human Touch?
Authors: Grandi Laura Clara , Bruni Stefania
Published: July 2024

Nowadays, artificial intelligence is used in many fields to diagnose and treat different diseases. Robots are also useful tools that substitute for human work. Despite robots being used also for touch therapy, can they substitute for the human touch? Human touch has a strong social component, and it is necessary for the correct development of newborns and the treatment of pathological situations. To substitute human touch, it is necessary to integrate robots with artificial intelligence as well as with sensors that mimic human skin. Today, the question remains without answer: Can human touch be substituted with AI in its social and affiliative components?
Ocoxin Oral Solution Triggers DNA Damage and Cell Death in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Almaraz-Postigo Sheila , Sanz Eduardo , Pandiella Atanasio , Díaz-Rodríguez Elena
Published: July 2024

Ovarian cancer is the most fatal of all the reproductive cancers within the female population, mainly due to its late diagnosis that limits surgery and medical treatment. Classically, ovarian cancer therapy has included conventional chemotherapy, and other therapeutic approaches are now being used to treat these patients, but the outcomes of the disease are still poor. Therefore, new strategies are needed to improve life expectancy and life quality of ovarian cancer patients. Considering that, we investigated the effect of the nutritional supplement Ocoxin Oral Solution (OOS) in ovarian cancer models. OOS contains several nutritional supplements, some of them with demonstrated antitumoral action. In vitro studies showed that OOS inhibited the proliferation of several ovarian cancer cell lines, especially of those representative of the endometrioid subtype, in a time- and dose-dependent manner. A fast cell death induction after OOS treatment was observed, and when the molecular mechanisms leading to this effect were investigated, an activation of the DNA damage checkpoint was detected, as shown by activation (phosphorylation) of CHK1 and CHK2 kinases that was followed by the phosphorylation of the target protein histone H2AX. When tested in animal models of ovarian cancer, OOS reduced tumor growth without any observed secondary effects. Moreover, such reduction in tumor proliferation was caused by the induction of DNA damage as corroborated by the in vivo phosphorylation of CHK2 and Histone H2AX. Finally, OOS potentiated the action of carboplatin or olaparib, the standard of care treatments used in ovarian clinics, opening the possibility of including OOS in combination with those standard of care agents in patients with ovarian cancer.
Importance of Energy, Dietary Protein Sources, and Amino Acid Composition in the Regulation of Metabolism: An Indissoluble Dynamic Combination for Life
Authors: Corsetti Giovanni , Pasini Evasio , Scarabelli Tiziano M. , Romano Claudia , Singh Arashpreet , Scarabelli Carol C. , Dioguardi Francesco S.
Published: July 2024

Purpose. This paper aims to present a unique perspective that emphasizes the intricate interplay between energy, dietary proteins, and amino acid composition, underscoring their mutual dependence for health-related considerations. Energy and protein synthesis are fundamental to biological processes, crucial for the sustenance of life and the growth of organisms. Methods and Results. We explore the intricate relationship between energy metabolism, protein synthesis, regulatory mechanisms, protein sources, amino acid availability, and autophagy in order to elucidate how these elements collectively maintain cellular homeostasis. We underscore the vital role this dynamic interplay has in preserving cell life. Conclusions. A deeper understanding of the link between energy and protein synthesis is essential to comprehend fundamental cellular processes. This insight could have a wide-ranging impact in several medical fields, such as nutrition, metabolism, and disease management.
Perceptions of Carriership of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Bacteria: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Uggla Karin , Razmi Robin , Järhult Josef D. , Lindberg Maria
Published: July 2024

The spread of antimicrobial resistance is a global health concern, and resistance mediated by Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBLs) can cause major consequences. The aim of this study was to explore individuals’ perceptions of their daily life and how they cope after being diagnosed with carriage of ESBL-producing bacteria. A qualitative study was conducted with a descriptive design. Data were collected through individual interviews with 24 persons having ESBL carriership, via a semi-structured interview guide. The data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The informants’ perceptions on “Living with uncertainty about carriership that impacts oneself and others” were interpreted. Experiences of altered behaviors and sentiments due to ESBL carriership were described, as ESBL carriership was perceived to have a psychosocial impact on many informants. Ambiguous and inconsistent information tended to exacerbate these perceptions. The results of this study emphasize the importance of conveying individualized information, both at the time of diagnosis of ESBL carriage and thereafter. This study was not registered.
The Metabolic Syndrome: An Overview and Proposed Mechanisms
Authors: Thomaz Fernanda Santos , John Oliver Dean , Sinha Payel , Shafie Siti Raihanah , Worrall Simon
Published: July 2024

Obesity has emerged as a major public health challenge in the 21st century, contributing to the rising prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of interrelated health risk factors. These factors include obesity or abdominal obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension (HTN), and dyslipidaemia. In this review, we will explore important aspects of metabolic regulation and the dynamics of lipoprotein metabolism to see how they underlie each of these major health risks. Additionally, we will highlight the role of ferroptosis, an iron-dependent regulated cell death process, in relation to inflammatory responses and its critical contribution to the pathophysiology of MetS. These inflammatory responses include inflammasome activation, lipotoxicity, the influence of adipocytokines, and the role of adipose tissue macrophages. By exploring these interconnections, this review aims to provide insights into metabolic crosstalk, outline the pathological mechanisms occurring, and identify potential therapeutic targets for managing and preventing the progression of these health risk factors.
Spatial and Developmental Policy Directions Affecting Marine Spatial Planning in the Northern Aegean Sea, Greece
Authors: Gourgiotis Anestis , Koutsi Dionisia , Krommyda Vasiliki , Stratigea Anastasia
Published: July 2024

European strategic policy directions toward a sustainable blue economy have strengthened interest in maritime investments, thus increasing sectoral competition for marine space. Emerging repercussions out of such a rising interest need to be handled by marine spatial planning (MSP) as a means of properly allocating marine space to diverse uses; managing conflicts and promoting synergies among them; and pursuing a multi-use perspective of this space. A critical stage of each MSP exercise is the exploration of land- and marine-based policy directions and their current or potential repercussions in the marine environment. Such an exploration is carried out in this work by means of a qualitative policy review for informing the MSP process in the Northern Aegean Sea, Greece. By delving into diverse policy frameworks at various spatial levels—i.e., local (urban), regional, and national/European—constraints, but also perspectives in policy choices/maritime uses in the MSP context, are identified, thus guiding more informed MSP choices in the specific study region while attaining a successful integration or coordination between land and marine developments.
Improving the Oxygen Removal Process in a Chamber Using Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations for Pest Control Applications
Authors: Kaloudis Efstathios
Published: July 2024

This study focuses on post-harvest pest management in agriculture, in particular the transition to modified atmospheres as a sustainable alternative to conventional pesticide methods. Using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations, we analysed the dynamics of oxygen distribution within a pest control chamber. We tested four different configurations of nitrogen inlet and outlet positions to determine the most effective setup. The simulations used the twoLiquidMixingFoam solver in OpenFOAM to model gas mixing and diffusion. Our results show that the configuration with the nitrogen inlet at the top and the outlet at the bottom (Case D) was the most efficient. This configuration reached the target oxygen concentration of 1.5% in 4.4 h, significantly faster than the other configurations. These results highlight the importance of inlet and outlet positioning in improving the efficiency of oxygen reduction and ensuring a consistent low oxygen level throughout the chamber. Optimising the placement of nitrogen inlets and outlets has significant potential to improve the effectiveness of modified atmosphere treatments for pest control. Future research should consider additional environmental factors, different storage conditions and insect mortality models to further refine these methods.
Unruh Entropy with Exponential Energy Distribution for a Spherically Symmetric Source
Authors: Teslyk Maksym , Bravina Larissa , Zabrodin Evgeny
Published: July 2024

Unruh effect entropy is estimated for a spherically symmetric source with an exponential energy distribution; angular degrees of freedom are suggested to be equally likely to contribute. Calculations are performed with an assumption about finite energy and multiplicity ranges. The result is represented in the units of Schwarzschild black hole entropy, with the analytical ratio being expressed analytically and generalized to homogeneous distribution over other degrees of freedom.
A Note on Blind Techniques for New Physics Searches in Particle Physics
Authors: Chekanov Sergei V.
Published: July 2024

This paper attempts to classify various blinding strategies used in particle physics. It argues that the blinding technique is not used consistently throughout searches for new physics. More importantly, the blinding technique, in its traditional sense, cannot be applicable for many current and future searches when the statistical precision of data significantly exceeds the current level of our understanding of Standard Model (SM) backgrounds.
Exposure to Arboviruses in Cattle: Seroprevalence of Rift Valley Fever, Bluetongue, and Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Viruses and Risk Factors in Baringo County, Kenya
Authors: Chiuya Tatenda , Fèvre Eric M. , Okumu Noah O. , Abdi Abdullahi M. , Junglen Sandra , Borgemeister Christian
Published: July 2024

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) causes disease outbreaks in livestock and humans; however, its inter-epidemic circulation is poorly understood, similar to other arboviruses affecting cattle such as bluetongue virus (BTV) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV). Serum samples were collected in Baringo County, Kenya from 400 cattle, accompanied by a risk factor questionnaire. Serological tests were then conducted to determine the exposure of cattle to RVFV, BTV, and EHDV. RVFV, BTV, and EHDV IgG seroprevalence rates were 15.5%, 91.5%, and 91%, respectively. Seropositivity for RVFV, BTV, and EHDV was significantly higher in adult cattle, as well as in females for RVFV. Cattle with herd owners aged between 30–39 years were less likely to be seropositive for RVFV compared to those with owners over the age of 60 years. High seroprevalence of BTV and EHDV in cattle indicates significant exposure and the subclinical circulation of these viruses, presenting a risk of outbreaks to sheep and naïve cattle. Moreover, the detection of RVFV-seropositive young cattle born after the last reported outbreak suggests inter-epidemic circulation of the virus. Overall, monitoring these arboviruses in cattle is crucial in understanding their distribution and seroprevalence during inter-epidemic periods.
First Genomic Evidence of California Hare Coltivirus from Natural Populations of Ixodes persulcatus Ticks in Northeast China
Authors: Hu Zhenyu , Zhang Jingtao , Liu Yantao , Liu Liming , Tang Fang , Si Guangqian , Zhang Meiqi , Li Shuang , Zhang Yunfa , Peng Cong , Zhang Lei , Ma Xiaofang , Zhang Xiaoai , Liu Wei
Published: July 2024

Background: California hare coltivirus (CHCV) was isolated in California in 1976 from a hare. Despite its long history, it remained unclear whether CHCV was exclusively distributed in California with limited host ranges. Main body: By next-generation sequencing (NGS), we obtained a complete sequence of CHCV from Ixodes persulcatus collected in 2019 in northeast China. An expanded epidemiological investigation was subsequently performed on ticks belonging to four species (Ix. persulcatus, Haemaphysalis concinna, Devmacentor silvarum, Haemaphysalis longicornis) collected in northeastern China by applying CHCV-specific RT-PCR and sequencing. CHCV RNA-positive results were found in 1.56% of the tick samples. Positive ticks were obtained in three of four sampled locations, with the highest rate observed in Inner Mongolia (2.69%), followed by Heilongjiang (1.94%) and Jilin provinces (0.55%). All positive results were derived from Ix. persulcatus ticks (2.33%), while no positive detection was found in the other tick species, even at the same location. Sequence analysis revealed that the current CHCV showed a high genetic identity (>80% amino acid identity) with the previously reported CHCV in all segments except segment seven (64.59% amino acid identity). Phylogenetic analysis based on RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) amino acid sequences demonstrated that both the current and previously reported CHCV strains were grouped phylogenetically into the genus Coltivirus. Both CHCV strains formed a distinct clade, clustering with three human pathogenic coltiviruses (Colorado tick fever virus, Salmon River virus, and Eyach virus), and were distant from the other coltiviruses. Conclusions: We report the identification and characterization of CHCV for the first time in Ix. persulcatus ticks, expanding the currently known geographic scope, host, and genetic heterogeneity in CHCV.
Insights into the Naso-Oropharyngeal Bacterial Composition in Suspected SARS-CoV-2 Cases
Authors: Atencio Librada A. , Quintero Indira J. , Almanza Alejandro , Eskildsen Gilberto , Sánchez-Gallego Joel , Herrera Mellissa , Fernández-Marín Hermógenes , Loaiza José R. , Mejía Luis C.
Published: July 2024

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was the causative agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. While research on COVID-19 has mainly focused on its epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment, studies on the naso-oropharyngeal microbiota have emerged in the last few years as an overlooked area of research. Here, we analyzed the bacterial community composition of the naso-oropharynx in 50 suspected SARS-CoV-2 cases (43 detected, 7 not detected) from Veraguas province (Panama) distributed across five age categories. Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences (p < 0.05) in bacterial alpha and beta diversities between the groups categorized by SARS-CoV-2 test results, age, or patient status. The genera Corynebacterium, Staphylococcus, Prevotella, Streptococcus, and Tepidiphilus were the most abundant in both detected and not-detected SARS-CoV-2 group. The linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) for biomarker exploration indicated that Veillonella and Prevotella were enriched in detected and hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 relative to non-detected patients, while Thermoanaerobacterium and Haemophilus were enriched in non-detected patients with SARS-CoV-2. The results also indicated that the genus Corynebacterium was found to decrease in patients with detected SARS-CoV-2 relative to those with non-detected SARS-CoV-2. Understanding the naso-oropharyngeal microbiota provides insights into the diversity, composition, and resilience of the microbial community in patients with SARS-CoV-2.
Enhancement of Cognitive Function by Andrographolide-Loaded Lactose β-Cyclodextrin Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Optimization, and Behavioural Assessment
Authors: Paramanick Debashish , Rani Kagithala Naga , Singh Vijay Kumar , Basist Parakh , Khan Rahmuddin , Al-Tamimi Jameel H. , Noman Omar M. , Ibrahim Mansour N. , Alhalmi Abdulsalam
Published: July 2024

This study investigates whether Andrographolide-loaded Lactose β-Cyclodextrin (ALN-βCD) nanoparticles enhance cognitive function, particularly spatial learning and memory. The successful conjugation of lactose to β-cyclodextrin was confirmed via 1H NMR spectroscopy, facilitating neuronal cell entry. The solvent evaporation method was used to create the nanoparticles, which were characterised for particle size, PDI, zeta potential, and drug release. The nanoparticles exhibited a size of 247.9 ± 3.2 nm, a PDI of 0.5 ± 0.02, and a zeta potential of 26.8 ± 2.5 mV. FTIR and TEM analyses, along with in vitro drug release and BBB permeability studies, confirmed their stability and efficacy. Behavioural tests, including the Elevated Plus Maze, Y-Maze, Object Recognition, and Locomotor Activity tests, demonstrated significant improvements in memory, motor coordination, and exploration time in the nanoparticle-treated groups. The group treated with ALN-βCD at a dose of 100 mg/kg/p.o. showed superior cognitive performance compared to the group receiving free andrographolides (AG). Biochemical assays indicated a significant reduction in acetylcholinesterase activity and lipid peroxidation, suggesting increased acetylcholine levels and reduced oxidative stress. Histopathological examination showed improved neuronal function without toxicity. The results showed significant improvements (p < 0.001) in memory and cognitive abilities in experimental animals, highlighting the potential of ALN-βCD nanoparticles as a non-invasive treatment for memory loss. These promising findings warrant further exploration through clinical trials.
Autoimmune Thyroiditis Mitigates the Effect of Metformin on Plasma Prolactin Concentration in Men with Drug-Induced Hyperprolactinemia
Authors: Krysiak Robert , Basiak Marcin , Szkróbka Witold , Okopień Bogusław
Published: July 2024

Metformin inhibits the secretory function of overactive anterior pituitary cells, including lactotropes. In women of childbearing age, this effect was absent if they had coexisting autoimmune (Hashimoto) thyroiditis. The current study was aimed at investigating whether autoimmune thyroiditis modulates the impact of metformin on the plasma prolactin concentration in men. This prospective cohort study included two groups of middle-aged or elderly men with drug-induced hyperprolactinemia, namely subjects with concomitant Hashimoto thyroiditis (group A) and subjects with normal thyroid function (group B), who were matched for baseline prolactin concentration and insulin sensitivity. Titers of thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin antibodies, levels of C-reactive protein, markers of glucose homeostasis, concentrations of pituitary hormones (prolactin, thyrotropin, gonadotropins, and adrenocorticotropic hormone), free thyroxine, free triiodothyronine, testosterone, and insulin growth factor-1 were measured before and six months after treatment with metformin. Both study groups differed in titers of both antibodies and concentrations of C-reactive protein. The drug reduced the total and monomeric prolactin concentration only in group B, and the impact on prolactin correlated with the improvement in insulin sensitivity and systemic inflammation. There were no differences between the follow-up and baseline levels of the remaining hormones. The results allow us to conclude that autoimmune thyroiditis mitigates the impact of metformin on prolactin secretion in men.
New Therapeutic Strategies in Retinal Vascular Diseases: A Lipid Target, Phosphatidylserine, and Annexin A5—A Future Theranostic Pairing in Ophthalmology
Authors: Frostegård Anna , Haegerstrand Anders
Published: July 2024

Despite progress in the management of patients with retinal vascular and degenerative diseases, there is still an unmet clinical need for safe and effective therapeutic options with novel mechanisms of action. Recent mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of retinal diseases with a prominent vascular component, such as retinal vein occlusion (RVO), diabetic retinopathy (DR) and wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD), may open up new treatment paradigms that reach beyond the inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Phosphatidylserine (PS) is a novel lipid target that is linked to the pathophysiology of several human diseases, including retinal diseases. PS acts upstream of VEGF and complement signaling pathways. Annexin A5 is a protein that targets PS and inhibits PS signaling. This review explores the current understanding of the potential roles of PS as a target and Annexin A5 as a therapeutic. The clinical development status of Annexin A5 as a therapeutic and the potential utility of PS-Annexin A5 as a theranostic pairing in retinal vascular conditions in particular is described.
Emerging Roles of Natural Compounds in Osteoporosis: Regulation, Molecular Mechanisms and Bone Regeneration
Authors: Ilyas Sidra , Lee Juni , Lee Donghun
Published: July 2024

Bone health is a critical aspect of overall well-being, and disorders such as osteoporosis pose significant challenges worldwide. East Asian Herbal Medicine (EAHM), with its rich history and holistic approach, offers promising avenues for enhancing bone regeneration. In this critical review article, we analyze the intricate mechanisms through which EAHM compounds modulate bone health. We explore the interplay between osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis, dissect signaling pathways crucial for bone remodeling and highlight EAHM anti-inflammatory effects within the bone microenvironment. Additionally, we emphasize the promotion of osteoblast viability and regulation of bone turnover markers by EAHM compounds. Epigenetic modifications emerge as a fascinating frontier where EAHM influences DNA methylation and histone modifications to orchestrate bone regeneration. Furthermore, we highlight EAHM effects on osteocytes, mesenchymal stem cells and immune cells, unraveling the holistic impact in bone tissue. Finally, we discuss future directions, including personalized medicine, combinatorial approaches with modern therapies and the integration of EAHM into evidence-based practice.
Evaluation of Crocetin as a Protective Agent in High Altitude Hypoxia-Induced Organ Damage
Authors: Yang Jun , Luo Kai , Guo Ziliang , Wang Renjie , Qian Qingyuan , Ma Shuhe , Li Maoxing , Gao Yue
Published: July 2024

Crocetin is an aglycone of crocin naturally occurring in saffron and has been proved to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities. In this experiment, the protective effect of crocetin on vital organs in high-altitude hypoxia rats was studied. Crocetin was prepared from gardenia by the alkaline hydrolysis method, and its reducing ability and free radical scavenging ability were tested. The in vitro anti-hypoxia vitality was studied on PC12 cells. The anti-hypoxic survival time of mice was determined in several models. The acute hypoxic injury rat model was established by simulating the hypoxic environment of 8000 m-high altitude for 24 h, and the anti-hypoxia effect of crocetin was evaluated by intraperitoneal injection with the doses of 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg. The water contents of the brain and lung were determined, and the pathological sections in the brain, lung, heart, liver, and kidney were observed by HE staining. The levels of oxidative stress (SOD, CAT, H2O2, GSH, GSH-Px, MDA) and inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, VEGF) in rat brain, lung, heart, liver, and kidney tissues were detected by ELISA. The results indicated that crocetin exhibited strong reducing ability and free radical scavenging ability and could improve the activity of PC12 cells under hypoxia. After intraperitoneal injection with crocetin, the survival time of mice was prolonged, and the pathological damage, oxidative stress, and inflammation in rats’ tissue were ameliorated. The protective activity of crocetin on vital organs in high-altitude hypoxia rats may be related to reducing oxidative stress and inhibiting inflammatory response.
The Role of Inhaled Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles in Lung Cancer Therapy
Authors: Silva Allana Carvalho , Costa Mirsiane Pascoal , Zacaron Thiago Medeiros , Ferreira Kézia Cristine Barbosa , Braz Wilson Rodrigues , Fabri Rodrigo Luiz , Frézard Frédéric Jean Georges , Pittella Frederico , Tavares Guilherme Diniz
Published: July 2024

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, largely due to the limited efficacy of anticancer drugs, which is primarily attributed to insufficient doses reaching the lungs. Additionally, patients undergoing treatment experience severe systemic adverse effects due to the distribution of anticancer drugs to non-targeted sites. In light of these challenges, there has been a growing interest in pulmonary administration of drugs for the treatment of lung cancer. This route allows drugs to be delivered directly to the lungs, resulting in high local concentrations that can enhance antitumor efficacy while mitigating systemic toxic effects. However, pulmonary administration poses the challenge of overcoming the mechanical, chemical, and immunological defenses of the respiratory tract that prevent the inhaled drug from properly penetrating the lungs. To overcome these drawbacks, the use of nanoparticles in inhaler formulations may be a promising strategy. Nanoparticles can assist in minimizing drug clearance, increasing penetration into the lung epithelium, and enhancing cellular uptake. They can also facilitate increased drug stability, promote controlled drug release, and delivery to target sites, such as the tumor environment. Among them, chitosan-based nanoparticles demonstrate advantages over other polymeric nanocarriers due to their unique biological properties, including antitumor activity and mucoadhesive capacity. These properties have the potential to enhance the efficacy of the drug when administered via the pulmonary route. In view of the above, this paper provides an overview of the research conducted on the delivery of anticancer drug-loaded chitosan-based nanoparticles incorporated into inhaled drug delivery devices for the treatment of lung cancer. Furthermore, the article addresses the use of emerging technologies, such as siRNA (small interfering RNA), in the context of lung cancer therapy. Particularly, recent studies employing chitosan-based nanoparticles for siRNA delivery via the pulmonary route are described.
Characterising Spatio-Temporal Coupling of Tightly Focused Femtosecond Laser Pulses in Micro-Structured Dispersive Materials
Authors: Ionel Laura
Published: July 2024

A 2D numerical model based on the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method had been developed to investigate the correspondence between the spatio-temporal aspects and intensity evolution of a focused laser beam after the propagation through micro-structured dispersive materials under the pulse duration variation in the few-cycle regime. In parallel with the laser field intensification investigations, a spatio-temporal analysis of the electromagnetic field in the focal point is elaborated as a function of the relative spatial extension of the pulse in order to provide a complex description of this approach. The numerical computations indicate that shorter and more intense pulses may be obtained in well-defined conditions. Also, the major contribution played by the input laser beam profile, numerical aperture, and the dispersive material features in the intensity enhancement process in the focal point is pointed out. The present approach can be used as a versatile method for field intensification in various ultra-short and ultra-intense few-cycle laser pulse experiments.
Experimental Investigation on the Dynamics Characteristics of a Two-State Quantum Dot Laser under Optical Feedback
Authors: Zheng Yanfei , Xia Guang-Qiong , Lin Xiaodong , Fang Ruilin , Wang Qingqing , Zhang Fengling , Wu Zheng-Mao
Published: July 2024

We experimentally investigate the dynamics characteristics of a two-state quantum dot laser (TSQDL) subject to optical feedback. Firstly, we inspect the impact of the temperature on the power-current characteristics of the ground state (GS) lasing and the excited state (ES) lasing in the TSQDL operating at free-running. The results demonstrate that with the decrease in the temperature, the threshold current for GS lasing (IthGS) and the threshold current for ES lasing (IthES) decrease very slowly. There exists a current for GS quenching (IQGS), which is gradually increased with the decrease in the temperature. After introducing optical feedback, the overall trend of change is similar to those obtained under free-running. Next, through inspecting the time series and power spectrum of the output from the TSQDL under optical feedback, the dynamical characteristics of the TSQDL are investigated under different feedback ratios, and diverse dynamical states including quasi-chaos pulse package, chaos state, regular pulse package, quasi-period two, quasi-regular pulsing, and chaos regular pulse package have been observed. Finally, for the TSQDL biased at three different cases: lower than IthES, slightly higher than IthES, and higher than IthES, nonlinear dynamic state evolutions with the increase in feedback ratio are inspected, respectively. The results show that, for the TSQDL biased at lower than IthES, it presents an evolution route of stable state—quasi-chaos pulse package—chaos state—regular pulse package. For the TSQDL biased at slightly larger than IthES, it presents an evolution route of stable state—quasi-regular pulsing—quasi-period two—chaos regular pulse package. For the TSQDL biased at higher than IthES, the TSQDL always behaves stable state within the range of feedback ratio that the experiment can achieve. However, with the increase in optical feedback ratio, the number of longitudinal modes for GS lasing and ES lasing are changed.
Thermodynamic Equilibrium Analysis of CO2 Methanation through Equilibrium Constants: A Comparative Simulation Study
Authors: Varandas Bruno , Oliveira Miguel , Andrade Carlos , Borges Amadeu
Published: July 2024

In this study, a steady-state thermodynamic equilibrium evaluation of CO2 methanation was conducted. Calculations were performed by solving the material balance equations using the equilibrium constants of CO2 methanation and reverse water–gas shift reactions. Results obtained from an analytical method developed with the aid of the Microsoft Excel platform were compared to simulations conducted using the commercially available free software COCO and DWSIM. The effects of temperature, pressure, and H2/CO2 ratio on CH4 yield, carbon oxide formation, and heat balance were investigated. The results indicate that the methanation process is highly favored by low temperatures and higher pressures with a stoichiometric H2/CO2 ratio. Under these conditions, CH4 output increases, and carbon formation is reduced, resulting in better performance. Simulations from all three models are in agreement, with minor differences noted in the DWSIM software.
Phosphorus Availability and Balance with Long-Term Sewage Sludge and Nitrogen Fertilization in Chernozem Soil under Maize Monoculture
Authors: Asrade Dinkayehu Alamnie , Kulhánek Martin , Balík Jiří , Černý Jindřich , Sedlář Ondřej , Suran Pavel
Published: July 2024

A continuous long-term field experiment with maize monoculture was conducted to evaluate the P availability and balance, DM yield, P uptake, and P sorption parameters in chernozem soil after 27 years. A total of 2 doses of nitrogen (120 and 240 kg ha−1) were applied as mineral nitrogen (N120 and N240) and sewage sludge (SS120 and SS240) and compared with unfertilized control (Con). The aboveground biomass (DM) yields significantly increased in the order of Con < SS120 < SS240 < N120 < N240 treatments and the maximum P uptake was recorded for both N240 and SS240 (25.1 kg P ha−1) according to the nutrient application gradient. The N120 and N240 treatments positively influenced the DM yield but negatively influenced the P balance (−648 and −678 kg P ha−1 27 years−1), gradually bringing a risk of P deficiency in the soil. On the other hand, applications of SS120 and SS240 positively influenced the P availability and pseudototal (PAR) content in the soil, which resulted in a buildup of legacy P or an increase in P saturation greater than the environmental threshold value. Aluminum was found to be a major controlling sorption factor for P in our chernozem soil.
Nitrate Inhibits Nodule Nitrogen Fixation by Accumulating Ureide in Soybean Plants
Authors: Wang Xuelai , Zhang Yuchen , Lian Zhaohui , Lyu Xiaochen , Yan Chao , Yan Shuangshuang , Gong Zhenping , Li Sha , Ma Chunmei
Published: July 2024

The mechanism by which nitrate inhibits nitrogen fixation in soybean (Glycine max L.) is not fully understood. Accumulation of ureide in soybean plant tissues may regulate the nitrogen fixation capacity through a feedback pathway. In this study, unilaterally nodulated dual-root soybeans prepared by grafting were grown in sand culture. They were subjected to the removal of the nodulated side roots, and were given either nitrate supply or no supply to the non-nodulated side roots for 3 days (experiment I). Additionally, they received nitrate supply to the non-nodulated side roots for 1–14 days (experiment II). The results showed that nitrate supply increased the levels of asparagine and ureide in soybean shoots (Experiment I). In Experiment II, nodule dry weight, nodule number, nodule nitrogenase activity, and nodule urate oxidase activity decreased significantly after 3, 7, and 14 days of nitrate supply. Ureide content in the shoots and nodules increased after 1, 3, and 7 days of nitrate supply, but decreased after 14 days of nitrate supply. There was a significant positive correlation between urate oxidase activity and nitrogenase activity. Hence, we deduced that nitrate supply increased the asparagine content in soybean shoots, likely inhibiting ureide degradation, which induced the accumulation of ureide in soybean shoots and nodules, and, in turn, feedback inhibited the nodule nitrogen fixation. In addition, urate oxidase activity can be used to assess the nitrogen fixation capacity of nodules.
A Physical Parameter Characterizing Heterogeneity of Pore and Fracture Structures in Coal Reservoirs
Authors: Pan Haiyang , Shao Yinchuan , Liu Zhizheng , Zuo Qingling , Su Jitong , Bai Jianglun , Miao Heyao , Guo Yuqiang , Zhang Junjian
Published: July 2024

Pore structure heterogeneity of coal reservoirs restricts the diffusion-seepage process of coalbed methane, thereby restricting the production capacity of coalbed methane. Therefore, 10 coal samples from the Linxing area are taken as an objective, and high-pressure mercury intrusion testing was used to describe the pore structure distribution of all the coal samples. On this basis, four single and multifractal models were used to perform fractal calculations, and correlation analysis was conducted on the mercury advance and retreat fractal dimension values to clarify the physical significance of mercury removal fractal dimension values. Finally, the relationship between fractal dimension values of mercury curves and pore structure parameters was clarified, and the applicability of various fractal models in characterizing pore structure heterogeneity was explored. All the samples can be divided into type A and B by using pore volume percentage greater than 1000 nm and the mercury removal efficiency. The T model has universality and the strongest correlation in characterizing the heterogeneity of pore volume distribution in samples. A fractal parameter based on high-pressure mercury injection curve was obtained, and was then used to quantitatively characterize the pore and fracture structure of coal reservoirs. This parameter is used to characterize the complexity of gas and water transport during coalbed methane production, further elucidating the coalbed methane production process under the constraint of pore and fracture structure in coal reservoirs.
A Novel Exact and Heuristic Solution for the Periodic Location-Routing Problem Applied to Waste Collection
Authors: Noreña-Zapata Daniel , Restrepo-Vallejo Julián Camilo , Morillo-Torres Daniel , Gatica Gustavo
Published: July 2024

In the development of Smart Cities, efficient waste collection networks are crucial, especially those that consider recycling. To plan for the future, routing and depot location techniques must handle heterogeneous cargo for proper waste separation. This paper introduces a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model and a three-level metaheuristic to address the Periodic Location Routing Problem (PLRP) for urban waste collection. The PLRP involves creating routes that ensure each customer is visited according to their waste demand frequency, aiming to minimize logistical costs such as transportation and depot opening. Unlike previous approaches, this approach characterizes each type of customer considering different needs for waste collection. A total of 25 customer types were created based on mixed waste demands and visit frequencies. The proposed algorithm uses Variable Neighborhood Search (VNS) and Local Search heuristics, comprising three neighborhood generation structures. Computational experiments demonstrate that the VNS algorithm delivers solutions seven times better than exact methods in a fraction of the time. For larger instances, VNS achieves feasible solutions where the MILP model fails within the same time frame.
Progress in Research on Coalbed Methane Purification Technology against the Background of Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality
Authors: Xiao Lu , Liu Houlin , Gong Xuanping , Cheng Cheng
Published: July 2024

Coalbed methane is released externally due to coal mining activities. Given its low concentration, which renders utilization challenging, China annually vents approximately 285 billion cubic meters of coalbed methane into the atmosphere, leading to significant energy waste and greenhouse gas emissions. To enhance the utilization rate of coalbed methane, mitigate these emissions, and promote a “green and low-carbon” energy supply, this article investigates pressure swing adsorption technology for purifying coalbed methane and analyzes the advantages, disadvantages, and application scopes of three processes: separation based on equilibrium effects, kinetic effects, and steric hindrance effects. The research findings reveal that equilibrium effect-based adsorption is particularly advantageous for purifying low-concentration coalbed methane, effectively capturing methane (CH4). Conversely, when dealing with medium- to high-concentration coalbed methane, methods leveraging kinetic effects prove more favorable. Within the context of equilibrium effects, activated carbon serves as a suitable adsorbent; however, achieving high-purity products entails substantial energy consumption. The methane saturation adsorption capacity of novel activated carbons has reached 2.57 mol/kg. Kinetic effect-based adsorbents, primarily carbon molecular sieves and zeolite molecular sieves, are characterized by lower energy demands. Currently, coal-based molecular sieves have achieved a CH4/N2 equilibrium separation factor of 4.21, and the amount of raw coal required to produce one ton of carbon molecular sieve has decreased to 2.63 tons. In light of the rapid advancement of intensive coal mining operations and the swift implementation of smart mine construction, there is an urgent need to intensify research on large-scale purification technologies for low-concentration coalbed methane. This will provide the technical foundation necessary for achieving “near-zero emission” of mine gas and facilitate the achievement of the goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality.
Porous Secularity: Religious Modernity and the Vertical Religious Diversity in Cold War South Korea
Authors: Cho Kyuhoon
Published: July 2024

Beyond the once dominant secularization thesis that anticipated the decline of religion in the modern era, the academic study of religion has in recent decades revisited secular as one of the factors that shape religion and religions in the globalized world. Against this theoretical backdrop, in this article, I use the case of South Korea to explore how secular and religion interact in contemporary global society. It focuses on describing the postcolonial reformulation of secularity and the corresponding transformation of religious diversity in Cold War South Korea. The Japanese colonial secularism rigidly banning the public and political engagement of religion was replaced by the flexible secular-religious divide after liberation of 1945. The porous mode of secularity extensively admitted religious entities to affect processes of postcolonial nation-building. Religious values, interests, and resources have been applied in motivating, pushing, and justifying South Koreans to devote themselves to developing the national community as a whole. Such a form of secularity became a critical condition that caused South Korea’s religious landscape to be reorganized in a vertical and unequal way. On the one hand, Buddhist and Christian populations grew remarkably in the liberated field of religion, while freedom of religion was recognized as a key ideological principle of the anticommunist country. On the other hand, folk beliefs and minority religious groups were often considered “superstitions”, “pseudo religions”, “heretics”, or even “evil religions”. With the pliable secularity at work, religious diversity was reconfigured hierarchically in the postcolonial society.
A Caged Bird in a Communist Pavilion: Chao Tzu-chen and the Remolding of Yenching University’s School of Religion, 1949–1951
Authors: Law Peter Kwok-Fai
Published: July 2024

This article examines church–state relations in the early period of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) by scrutinising the thoughts and the administration of Chao Tzu-chen—a prominent Chinese Christian leader—at Yenching University’s School of Religion and its successor organisation. This article largely relies on the archives of the Hong Kong Sheng Kung Hui, delving into Chao’s psychological conflicts and the role of the Anglican churches in Chao’s plan for the separation of the School of Religion from the university. It argues that Chao Tzu-chen’s self-contradictions in his public versus private expressions after 1949 signify his disillusionment in fostering the convergence between Christianity and Communism, as demonstrated in his dilemma regarding church–state relations. Although Chao tried to adapt to the new political order by urging Chinese churches to offer practical and concrete social services, he continued his independent, critical theological reflections on the indigenisation of Christianity, as reflected in his private portrayal of the incompatibility between Christianity and Communism, and in his close connection with foreign churches in his fund-raising campaign. Moreover, apart from highlighting the importance of the Hong Kong Anglican church in financially supporting the Yenching School of Religion, this article seeks to contribute to academic research of Chinese higher education in the 1950s through examining how the Chinese Communist Party’s remolding of the School put an end to the emerging public sphere of a civil society. It reveals that this liberal Christian institute, which lost its control over curriculum design and the right to accept foreign funds, was quickly converted into a government-funded, socialist theological college in service of two masters: the Party and the Church.
The God Who Is Visible to All: Healing and Sun Worship in Śrīvidyā Tantra
Authors: Karasinski Maciej
Published: July 2024

The aim of this paper is to discuss sun worship and healing practices in Samayācāra Śrīvidyā, a Hindu tantric tradition. Thus, I use anthropological and philological perspectives to show how the contemporary Samayācāra Śrīvidyā guru of Śrī Lalitāmbikā and his disciples redefine healing and use sun-related meditations to energize and rejuvenate the human body. This paper shows how contemporary Tantric religiosity is multidimensional in nature and promises protection from disease and an overall better quality of life. Conversely, I endeavor to show how the Śrī Lalitāmbikā temple combines solar healing with tantric practices that lead to a reconnection with the divine and offer the ultimate dimension of healing, i.e., spiritual immortality.
Myxolipoma of the Popliteal Fossa: A Rare Tumor Case Report
Authors: You Yuchen , Cao Jessica , Nguyen Brandon , Gero Melanie , Jreije Karim
Published: July 2024

Myxolipomas are rare variants of lipomas characterized by abundant myxoid changes resulting from an abundant mucoid component. While myxolipomas have been reported in various anatomical locations, their occurrence in the popliteal fossa is exceptionally rare, with the last published case dating back to 1914. We present a case of a 64-year-old male with a large myxolipoma in the popliteal region. The patient underwent successful surgical excision, and a histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of myxolipoma. This case report highlights the clinical features, differential diagnosis, and diagnostic challenges associated with myxolipomas in the popliteal fossa.