bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vitamin D in follicular development and oocyte maturation
Authors: Xu Fuhua , Wolf Shally , Green O'ryai , Xu Jing
Published: April 2021

Vitamin D (VD) is a secosteroid hormone synthesized predominantly in the skin upon UV light exposure, which can also be obtained from dietary sources. In target cells, the bioactive VD binds to specific VD receptor to regulate downstream transcription of genes that are involved in a wide range of cellular processes. There is an increasing recognition that the proper physiological levels of VD are critical for optimizing reproductive potential in women. The direct VD action in the ovary was first suggested in the 1980s. Since then, research has attempted to determine the role of VD in follicular development and oocyte maturation in animal models and clinical settings. However, data published to date are inconclusive due to the complexity in VD metabolism and the fact that VD actions are pervasive in regulating physiological functions in various systems, including the reproductive, endocrine and nervous systems that control reproduction. This review summaries in vitro, in vivo, and clinical evidence regarding VD metabolism and signaling in the ovary, as well as VD-regulated or VD-associated ovarian follicular development, steroidogenic function, and oocyte maturation. It is suggested that adequate animal models are needed for well-controlled studies to unravel molecular mechanisms of VD action in the ovary. For clinical studies, follicular development and function may be evaluated more effectively in a relatively homogeneous patient population under a well-controlled experimental design. A comprehensive understanding of VD-regulated folliculogenesis and oogenesis will provide critical insight into the impact of VD in female reproductive health.
Comparison of adsorption of biochar from agricultural wastes on methylene blue and Pb2+
Authors: Qiao Yinhu , He Chunxia , Zhang Chunyan , Jiang Chunxia , Yi Kechuan , Li Feiyue
Published: April 2021

Biochar was prepared from agricultural plant waste, including corn straw (MS), sunflower straw (SS), wheat straw (WS), orange peel (OS), sunflower seed shell (SSS), and chestnut shell (CS) at low temperature in a partially oxygen-limited environment. These biochars were used to adsorb heavy metals and organic pollutants. The results showed that biochar having suitable surface area and microporous area could be obtained from the raw materials at 300 °C under partial oxygen limitation. The total porosity of biochar prepared from corn straw (MS) was 92.8%, and the removal of Pb2+ was 78.6 mg/g. The obtained biochar had good adsorption properties for methylene blue and Pb2+ water of different concentrations, and the adsorption performance of biochar prepared from crop straw was better than that of biochar prepared from plant peel. Thus, it was feasible to prepare biochar and to adsorb harmful substances in water through this process. This study promotes the recycling of agricultural wastes and simplifies the preparation of carbon adsorbents.
Effect of different biological surfactants on engineering Saccharomyces cerevisiae in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of corncob
Authors: Xiao Wenjing , Song Huiting , Li Huanan , Li Xu , Yang Yuxian , Hu Pan , Zhou Shanna , Hu Yanmei , Xu Xinyi , Zhang Zhuo , Jiang Zhengbing
Published: April 2021

Lignocellulose is considered to be a good resource for producing renewable energy. This paper reports on the effect of three surfactants [polyoxyethylene (80) sorbitan monooleate (POE80), rhamnolipid, and tea saponin] on cellulase (CBH/EG/BG) expression of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of corncob. In this work, the optimal surfactant concentrations for yeast growth were 0.1% POE80, 0.05% rhamnolipid, and 0.002% tea saponin. In the process of SSF, the reducing sugar content with 0.1% POE80 was 13.5% higher than the control at 24 h. The reducing sugar content with 0.05% rhamnolipid was higher than the control at 120 h, and reached the maximum difference of 18.2% in 120 h. The addition of 0.002% tea saponin exhibited the lowest promotion effect on the reducing sugar content in SSF compared with POE80 and rhamnolipid. However it reached the maximum difference of 8% in 120 h. Compared with the control, 0.1% POE80, 0.05% rhamnolipid, and 0.002% tea saponin presented different degrees of increase in reducing sugar content and viable count in the SSF. The results showed that the addition of the surfactants in SSF increased the growth rate of strains and promoted the saccharification efficiency of the substrate. This study lays a foundation for the application of surfactants in bio-energy research.
Comunidades y barrios en los nuevos procesos de patrimonialización de la ciudad de Santiago, Chile (1980-2019)
Authors: Ibarra Alonso Macarena Carolina , González Castillo Pablo
Published: April 2021

En los últimos años, el barrio ha surgido como nuevo objeto de patrimonialización, proceso que ha sido liderado por organizaciones de la sociedad civil. La emergencia del barrio como fenómeno de valoración patrimonial, ha ocurrido en medio de transformaciones urbanas promovidas por agentes inmobiliarios. Por tanto, el surgimiento de barrios patrimoniales, ha respondido tanto a nuevas significaciones del entorno urbano en sus diferentes escalas como a nuevas relaciones del barrio con la ciudad. A través del análisis de los barrios de Las Flores y Suárez Mujica, ambos en Santiago de Chile, el presente estudio examina nuevas lógicas de patrimonialización. Estos procesos han sido reactivos frente a grandes transformaciones urbanas y se han desplegado sin mayor diálogo con los procesos de planificación urbana. No obstante, se propone que el barrio como categoría de protección ha superado los atributos clásicos establecidos por la Ley de Monumentos Nacionales, aún vigente en Chile, al entrar en escena atributos relacionados con los modos de vida y otros aspectos de carácter intangible.
Transformaciones urbanas, temor y empeligrosamiento social en vecindarios:el caso de Maipú, Santiago de Chile.
Authors: Luneke Alejandra , Trebilcock María Paz , Robles Sarella
Published: April 2021

El temor que produce el delito reconfigura  el habitar urbano en los vecindarios. Y es que, éste no remite a la experiencia directa del crimen, sino que a una multiplicidad de factores que se desenvuelven en la escala de la calle, del barrio y de la ciudad. La literatura ha dado cuenta que detrás del temor al delito se esconden diversos miedos y preocupaciones que experimentan los sujetos. Un aspecto menos explorado por los estudios urbanos y la criminología refiere a cómo este sentimiento, que se configura subjetivamente en la vida cotidiana, está imbricado en procesos y trasformaciones de escala ciudad. A partir de un estudio cualitativo realizado en la comuna de Maipú en Santiago de Chile, este artículo indaga en los juicios y valoraciones asociados al peligro y el delito y cómo estos se relacionan con los cambios urbanos y sociales percibidos en entornos vecinales. Los resultados muestran que, en un territorio afectado por profundas transformaciones urbanas, emerge la figura del “empeligrosamiento” hacia los desconocidos, el que constituye una forma de relacionamiento que resignifica las interacciones sociales, al mismo tiempo que moviliza la pérdida de control subjetivo sobre el espacio vecinal en el que se habita.
Racism in multicultural neighbourhoods in Chile: Housing precarity and coexistence in a migratory context
Authors: Bonhomme Macarena
Published: April 2021

Chile is one of the countries with major destination flows from Latin America. In such a context, new distinctions and racial formations have emerged, establishing different forms of social exclusion and racism that are performed in the everyday interaction and socio-cultural practices that take place in residential neighbourhoods. This research is based on one of the most multicultural boroughs in Santiago, Recoleta, historically located in a territory called ‘La Chimba.’ The aim is to examine the intercultural coexistence in increasingly multicultural neighbourhoods in the context of South-South migration, in order to discuss the emerging social conflict, understanding how housing policies and limited access to decent housing by migrants reproduce everyday racism. Drawing on a larger research project that consisted in a 17-month ethnography, 70 in-depth interviews and two focus groups with migrants and Chileans between 2015 and 2018, this article shows and discusses how public spaces are racialised through social practices and interactions, and how the making of ‘race’ in urban spaces have an impact on the way in which migrants inhabit and navigate urban spaces and negotiate their ‘right to the city’ in the everyday.
Development and Validation of a Effective and Reliable HPLC Method for the Quantification of Levodopa and Carbidopa in Pharmaceutical Formulations
Authors: BULDUK İbrahim , GÖKCE Süleyman
Published: April 2021

A convenient and simple high performance liquid chromatography method for simultaneous separation, determination and identification of levodopa and carbidopa in pharmaceutical formulation has been developed. The analysis was carried out using Ace C18 (4.6 x 250 mm, 5 µm) column, and the separation was performed using a mobile phase consisting of 50 mM KH2PO4 (pH 2.3) pumped at a flow rate of 1.2 mL min-1 with UV detection at 280 nm. The method has been successfully validated on the basis of the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) acceptance criteria. The method is selective, since no interferences corresponding to these analytes were found at retention times. Retention times for both drugs were 2.939 min and 5.018 for levodopa and carbidopa, respectively. The method was validated and shown to be linear in the concentration range of 25-125 µg mL-1 and 6.25-31.25 µg mL-1 for levodopa and carbidopa, respectively. The method exhibited good linearity (R2 > 0.999) over the assayed concentration range and showed good intra-day and inter-day precision. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were determined based on standard deviation of the intercept and the slope of the calibration curve. LOD and LOQ values were 0.70 µg mL-1 and 2.13 µg mL-1 for levodopa and 1.31 µg mL-1 and 3.96 µg mL-1 for carbidopa, respectively. The method's accuracy was tested by adding known volume of standard solution (75 percent, 100 percent, and 125 percent concentration of the sample) to the 100 percent concentration pre-analyzed sample solution. The percentage mean recovery by standard addition experiments of levodopa and carbidopa is 99.75% and 99.55%, respectively. This method has also been successfully used for the determination of levodopa and carbidopa in pharmaceutical formulations.
Photoprotective and therapeutic effects of Apamin, Melittin and Phospholipase A2 on human keratinocyte cell line
Authors: AKBAY Esin , ÖZDEMİR Alp Yiğit , ERFEN Şebnem , ONUR Mehmet Ali
Published: April 2021

The aim of this study is to determine the protective and therapeutic properties of bee venom components Apamin, Melittin and Phospholipase A2 against UV damage on the human keratinocyte cell line. Cosmetic and therapeutic effects of bee venom have been reported in previous studies, but it is not known which components of the venom have the most effect. For this purpose, firstly, an in vitro UV damage model was designed. Components of bee venom were tested at a different concentration. Cell viability, cytotoxicity and apoptotic processes were analyzed on the designed model. As a result, it has been observed that Apamin demonstrated a significant protective effect against UV-induced cell death at all concentrations. Photoprotective effects of Melittin were observed in all concentration time periods and its photoprotective effects were increased as the concentration increased. Our results were indicated that Phospholipase A2 could be used as a photoprotective and phototherapy agent. This study is the first to show the protective and therapeutic properties of bee venom components against UV damage. As a result, it has been shown that these components can be successful photoprotective and phototherapeutic agents against UV-induced damage, but more detailed studies should be conducted to minimize their toxic effects on cells.
Preoperative computed tomography-guided localization of lung nodules with needle placement: a series of cases
Authors: FOGOLIN RAFAEL EGOROFF , BOSCARDIM PAULO CESAR BUFFARA , SOUZA JULIANO MENDES
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: to report the preoperative localization of pulmonary nodules with the placement of a guidewire oriented by Computed Tomography. Methods: the nodules were marked using a needle in the shape of a hook or another in the shape of a Q, guided by tomography. The choice of the location for the marking was the shortest distance from the chest wall to the nodule. The marking procedure was performed under local anesthesia and a tomographic control was obtained immediately at the end. Patients were referred to the operating room. Surgical resection occurred less than two hours after the needle placement. Results: between February 2017 and October 2019, 22 patients aged 43 to 82 years (mean 62.1) were included. The nodules had diameters that varied from 4 to 30 mm and the distance between the nodules and the pleural surface varied from 2 to 43 mm. The location and resection of the nodules were successfully performed in all cases. The guidewire was displaced in five cases. Five patients presented pneumothorax, with the space between the visceral and parietal pleura varying from 2 to 19 mm. In nine patients, an intraparenchymal hematoma of 6 to 35 mm in length was observed without signs, symptoms, or hemodynamic and ventilatory repercussions. The histopathological study was conclusive in all patients. Conclusions: the localization of pulmonary nodules through guidewires proved to be safe, reliable, and feasible in this series of cases. There was no need for surgical intervention to treat complications.
From the headwaters to the Iguassu Falls: Inventory of the ichthyofauna in the Iguassu River basin shows increasing percentages of nonnative species
Authors: Mezzaroba Luciano , Debona Tiago , Frota Augusto , Graça Weferson Júnio da , Gubiani Éder André
Published: April 2021

Abstract: Knowledge of the ichthyofauna of a hydrographic basin is the minimum necessary condition for the implementation of any measures for the exploration, management or preservation of water and fishing resources. Despite its relevance, the number of fish species across the Iguassu River basin is still uncertain. Thus, the objective of this study was to compile the fish species that occur in the extensive stretch of the basin above the Iguassu Falls. In addition, we recorded the level of threat of extinction for native species, the origin of nonnative species, and their main vectors of introduction. To achieve this goal, a survey was carried out through consultations with ichthyological collections as well as online databases. Also, a literature review was conducted using the search platforms Thomson Reuters, SciELO and Elsevier’s ScienceDirect to locate all articles published by March 2020 that addressed the topic “ichthyofauna in the Iguassu River basin”. The survey compiled a total of 133 fish species distributed in nine orders, 29 families and 72 genera. Seventy-nine fish species were recorded that occur throughout the entire length of the basin, 119 species that occur in the hydrographic units of the middle and lower Iguassu River (40 exclusive) and 93 species that occur in the hydrographic unit of the upper Iguassu River (14 exclusive). The endemism rate shown here for the Iguassu River basin (approximately 69%) contrasts with the 40 nonnative fish species recorded (approximately 30% of the total species in the basin). Successive impoundments, reductions in habitat quality and the increase in the number of nonnative species are the main threats to native species, especially to the endemic species; approximately 20% of these species were listed in some category of threat of extinction. We emphasize that constant monitoring of ichthyofauna is necessary to discover putatively undescribed species, as well as for the application of management strategies to mitigate the negative effects and promote the control of the spread of nonnative species.
Identification and diagnosis of salt-affected soils in the Baixo-Açu irrigated perimeter, RN, Brazil
Authors: Justo Jader F. A. , Barreto Artênio C. , Silva Jucirema F. da , Ferreira Neto Miguel , Sá Francisco V. da S. , Oliveira Ronaldo P. de
Published: April 2021

HIGHLIGHTS Spectral analysis is feasible to identify salinized areas. The most saline areas are lowlands with deficiency of natural drainage. The studied soils are saline in surface and saline-sodic in subsurface.
Quality of children's death records for regionalized spaces: a methodological route
Authors: Paes Neir Antunes , Santos Carlos Sérgio Araújo dos , Coutinho Tiê Dias de Farias
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT: Objectives: To propose a methodological path to investigate the coverage and information filling of maternal-infant deaths recorded in the Ministry of Health's Mortality Information System for regional spaces. Methods: Four steps were proposed: 1) Assessment of the completeness of the maternal and child variables, which was measured using the deterministic linkage technique between the Mortality Information System (Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade – SIM) and the Live Birth Information System (Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos – SINASC); 2) Application of the multiple imputation technique to achieve the total filling of the missing information of the variables; 3) Estimation of death coverage; 4) The Unknown Variable Information Index (Índice de Informação Desconhecida da Variável – IIDV) was measured, which represents the combined effect of data completeness and coverage of deaths. The proposal of the methodological path was exemplified for neonatal deaths in the municipalities of Paraíba that are part of the new classification proposed by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística – IBGE), as adjacent rural areas, in three triennium periods from 2009 to 2017. Results: The percentage of matching records was 45%. Most of the variables had a percentage of non-completion below 10% and around 17% for the mother's education. Coverages ranged from 75 to 83%. The IIDV for all variables was between 21 and 36% after the linkage. Conclusion: The path of the methodological proposal proved to be effective, which can be replicated to other regions, and can be extended to other categories of deaths such as post-neonatal. The combination of the proposed procedures demands low operating costs and their uses are relatively simple to be applied by the managers and technicians of the vital statistics information systems.
Iogurte simbiótico sabor cajá (Spondias Mombin L.): características físico-químicas, microbiológicas e de aceitabilidade
Authors: Ferreira Lívia Cabanez , Coimbra Lívia Muritiba Pereira de Lima , Sousa Naylanne Lima de , Maciel Ellen Mila Cutrim , Livera Alda Verônica Souza , Silva Celiane Gomes Maia da
Published: April 2021

Resumo O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar os parâmetros físico-químicos, microbiológicos e a aceitabilidade de iogurtes funcionais, com e sem suplementação de frutooligossacarídeos, sabor cajá. Elaborou-se quatro formulações de iogurte, sendo elas: duas com leite integral com e sem suplementação de frutooligossacarídeos e duas com leite desnatado com e sem suplementação de frutooligossacarídeos. Foram analisados os valores de pH, acidez titulável, sólidos solúveis, padrões microbiológicos de qualidade, contagem de bactérias lácticas totais e análise sensorial, na qual foram realizadas perguntas sobre frequência de consumo, conhecimento dos benefícios relacionados ao consumo de produtos lácteos fermentados, intenção de compra e índice de aceitabilidade. Quanto ao pH, a formulação elaborada com leite integral e frutooligossacarídeos apresentou diferença significativa (p < 0,05) em relação às demais formulações. Não houve diferenças significativas (p > 0,05) quanto à acidez titulável e sólidos solúveis. A contagem de bactérias lácticas totais demonstrou valores elevados que atendem aos parâmetros da legislação. As formulações apresentaram qualidade higiênico-sanitária satisfatória e foram bem aceitas pelos consumidores para todos os atributos avaliados no teste sensorial. Assim, apresentaram-se viáveis em termos sensoriais, físico-químicos e microbiológicos, com potencial aproveitamento pela população por possuírem características simbióticas benéficas à saúde.
Digital Lifelong Learning and Higher Education: multicultural strengths and challenges in pandemic times
Authors: Ivenicki Ana
Published: April 2021

Abstract The paper aims to discuss digital learning for lifelong learning at the university level in Brazil, taken as a case study. It is structured in the following way. It presents concepts of digital learning in multicultural approaches within lifelong paradigms. It then presents a cursory look at Brazilian educational policies in that area, particularly focusing on the role of the Universidade Aberta (Open University) in Brazil. Lastly, it discusses digital learning in the context of the onset of the COVID-19 pandemics in Brazil. It tries to gauge the impediments and the challenges that may jeopardise a multicultural potential in educational policies, particularly focusing on government political directives as well as responses from university associations and from a public university. It concludes, by presenting possible ways ahead for reflections and contributions in the area.
Spatial-temporal variation in land use in a coastal watershed under pressure of population growth
Authors: Silva Dafne Duani Pereira da , Schwingel Paulo Ricardo
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT Population progress is one of the main factors affecting the environment, modifying the natural dynamics of ecosystems. The Camboriú River Basin is located on the southern coast of Brazil and is strongly affected by population growth. This paper aimed to verify the space-time variation in the land use of the Camboriú River Basin by identifying changes in occupation and land use between 1986 and 2017. The rapid environmental assessment protocol was applied using the following parameters: bottom substrate, habitat complexity, backwaters quality, stability of banks, vegetative protection, vegetative cover, vegetative quality, and riparian vegetation presence. The changes in occupation and land use show rapid urbanization with a rise of 9% in 1986 to 24% in 2017. In riparian forest, higher altitude regions of the watershed show better results when compared to lower course regions, which are, thus, reflected in the environmental integrity of the stretches of stream studied. As for the behavior of urban occupation in space, it was verified that it did not occur continuously in comparison with the population, data during the studied period.
Reassessing the Inclusion of Race in Diagnosing Kidney Diseases: An Interim Report from the NKF-ASN Task Force
Authors: Delgado Cynthia , Baweja Mukta , Burrows Nilka Ríos , Crews Deidra C. , Eneanya Nwamaka D. , Gadegbeku Crystal A. , Inker Lesley A. , Mendu Mallika L. , Miller W. Greg , Moxey-Mims Marva M. , Roberts Glenda V. , St. Peter Wendy L. , Warfield Curtis , Powe Neil R.
Published: April 2021

For almost two decades, equations that use serum creatinine, age, sex, and race to eGFR have included “race” as Black or non-Black. Given considerable evidence of disparities in health and healthcare delivery in African American communities, some regard keeping a race term in GFR equations as a practice that differentially influences access to care and kidney transplantation. Others assert that race captures important non GFR determinants of serum creatinine and its removal from the calculation may perpetuate other disparities. The National Kidney Foundation (NKF) and American Society of Nephrology (ASN) established a task force in 2020 to reassess the inclusion of race in the estimation of GFR in the United States and its implications for diagnosis and subsequent management of patients with, or at risk for, kidney diseases. This interim report details the process, initial assessment of evidence, and values defined regarding the use of race to estimate GFR. We organized activities in phases: (1) clarify the problem and examine evidence, (2) evaluate different approaches to address use of race in GFR estimation, and (3) make recommendations. In phase one, we constructed statements about the evidence and defined values regarding equity and disparities; race and racism; GFR measurement, estimation, and equation performance; laboratory standardization; and patient perspectives. We also identified several approaches to estimate GFR and a set of attributes to evaluate these approaches. Building on evidence and values, the attributes of alternative approaches to estimate GFR will be evaluated in the next phases and recommendations will be made.
Parathyroidectomy in a patient treated with emicizumab
Authors: Hupston Helen
Published: April 2021

Experience of surgery during prophylaxis with emicizumab is currently limited, but the information available suggests that it is associated with a low risk of complications. This case study describes the surgical management of a patient with haemophilia A and inhibitors, managed with emicizumab prophylaxis, who underwent parathyroidectomy. The plan to manage bleeding risk during surgery involved prophylaxis with oral tranexamic acid 1g six-hourly and recombinant Factor VIIa (rFVIIa), prescribed at the discretion of the consultant haematologist. Preoperatively, rFVIIa 45 mcg/kg (3 mg) was administered immediately, and repeated every three to four hours after surgery depending on clinical presentation. There was no unexpected or excessive bleeding during surgery and no clinical need for additional haemostatic medication. Postoperatively, rFVIIa 3 mg was administered at three and ten hours after the first dose. Two further doses were administered on the morning and evening of the first postoperative day. There was no unexpected or excessive bleeding requiring additional treatment, and satisfactory haemostasis resulted in optimal wound healing. The patient reported no bleeding episodes and also an improved quality of life. This case study demonstrates the successful use of emicizumab in conjunction with rFVIIa.
SARS-CoV-2 NCBI consensus submission protocol: GenBank v2
Authors: Timme Ruth , M Blankenship Heather , Roychoudhury Pavitra , L Young Erin , Griffiths Emma , MacCannell Duncan , Wyman Stacia , Katz Lee
Published: April 2021

PURPOSE: This is a SARS-CoV-2 specific protocol that covers the steps needed to establish a new NCBI submission environment for your laboratory, including the creation of new BioProject(s) and submission groups. Once these are step up, the protocol then walks through the process for submitting raw reads to SRA and sample metadata to BioSample through the Submission portal. For new submitters, there's quite a bit of groundwork that needs to be established before a laboratory can start its first data submission. We recommend that one person in the laboratory take a few days to get everything set up in advance of when you expect to do your first data submission. If you need a pipeline for frequent or large volume submissions, follow Step 1 in the SARS-CoV-2 NCBI submission protocol: SRA, BioSample, and BioProject to get your NCBI submission environment established, then contact gb-admin@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov to set up an account for submitting through the API. These protocols cover submission using NCBI's Submission Portal web-interface. Complete in order (1 then 2): 1. SARS-CoV-2 NCBI submission protocol: SRA, BioSample, and BioProject Step-by-step instructions for establishing a new NCBI laboratory submission account and for creating and linking a new BioProject to an existing umbrella effort. SARS-CoV-2 raw data submission to SRA (Sequence Read Archive) and metadata to BioSample. 2. SARS-CoV-2 NCBI consensus submission protocol: GenBank (included protocol) Required: established BioProject and BioSamples Submit SARS-CoV-2 assemblies to NCBI GenBank, linking to existing BioProject, BioSamples, and raw data. Metadata templates, explained! SOP for populating NCBI submission templates
SARS-CoV-2 NCBI submission workflow + guidance for structuring and releasing metadata v1
Authors: Timme Ruth , Griffiths Emma
Published: April 2021

PURPOSE: This workflow provides an overview on the metadata specification recommend for SARS-CoV-2 sequence data and a series of protocols outlining the steps for NCBI submission. PHA4GE Contextual Metadata SOP: This protocol provides step-by-step instructions for populating the template, and also addresses a number of ethical, privacy and practical considerations that should be discussed with your data steward prior to any type of data sharing. The appendices provide additional instructions and examples of how to curate sample type descriptions, and how to identify additional standardized terms should you need them. Overview of NCBI's submission process and the metadata required: Provides an overview of the submission process and includes a brief training video. SARS-CoV-2 NCBI submission protocol: SRA, BioSample, and BioProject Step-by-step instructions for establishing a new NCBI laboratory submission account and for creating and linking a new BioProject to an existing umbrella effort. SARS-CoV-2 raw data submission to SRA (Sequence Read Archive) and metadata to BioSample. SARS-CoV-2 NCBI consensus submission protocol: GenBank Required: established BioProject and BioSamples Submit SARS-CoV-2 assemblies to NCBI GenBank, linking to existing BioProject, BioSamples, and raw data.
PHA4GE contextual metadata SOP v1
Authors: Griffiths Emma , Timme Ruth , Alikhan Nabil-Fareed , MacCannell Duncan
Published: April 2021

Contextual data curation is a critical part of public health pathogen genomic surveillance, as well as the data stewardship and data management that ensures the longevity and utility of the data. This protocol provides instructions and guidance for structuring information within the PHA4GE SARS-CoV-2 contextual data collection template in order to better enable harmonization of across datasets and systems. The template can be found here. The template file contains the collection template; a field-level reference guide containing examples, definitions and guidance; and a controlled vocabulary sheet which populates the pick lists in the template. This protocol provides step-by-step instructions for populating the template, and also addresses a number of ethical, privacy and practical considerations that should be discussed with your data steward prior to any type of data sharing. The appendices provide additional instructions and examples of how to curate sample type descriptions, and how to identify additional standardized terms should you need them. Note: Data providers should review their jurisdictional and organization-specific data sharing policies prior to sharing any information contained in the template. An instructional video providing an overview and demonstration of these materials, is also available. The types of information that can be captured in the template include: identifiers and repository accession numbers, sample collection and processing, host information, host exposure information, host reinfection information, host vaccination information, sequencing, bioinformatics and QC metrics, lineage and variant information, pathogen diagnostic testing, contributor acknowledgements. A pdf version of this SOP is available here. For more information and/or assistance, contact datastructures@pha4ge.org.
Genome-wide quantification of TF binding at single DNA molecule resolution v1
Authors: Kleinendorst Rozemarijn , not provided guido.barzaghi , L. Smith Mike , B. Zaugg Judith , Krebs Arnaud
Published: April 2021

Precise control of gene expression requires the coordinated action of multiple factors at cis-regulatory elements (CREs). We recently developed Single Molecule Footprinting (SMF) to simultaneously resolve the occupancy of multiple proteins including Transcription Factors (TFs), RNA Pol II (Pol II) and nucleosomes on single DNA molecules genome-wide. The technique combines the use of cytosine methyltransferases to footprint the genome with bisulfite sequencing to resolve TF binding patterns at CREs. DNA footprinting is performed by incubating permeabilized nuclei with recombinant methyltransferases. Upon DNA extraction, whole genome or targeted bisulfite libraries are prepared and loaded on Illumina sequencers. The protocol can be completed in 4-5 days. Analysis can be performed in 2 days using a dedicated R package. The protocol can be executed in any laboratory with access to high- throughput sequencing. Our method can be used to analyse how TFs cooperate and antagonize to regulate transcription.
Improvement of efficiency of metal recycling in metallurgical production
Authors: Maksarov V. V. , Khalimonenko A. D. , Olt J.
Published: April 2021

The article deals with the most effective primary utilization and subsequent processing of the main waste of machine-building enterprises-metal chips. To solve the above problems, the recycling of metal waste the most effective method is a comprehensive approach to the conditions of machine-building enterprises working in the conditions of the automated production consists of solutions to several problems, the main of which are submitted to the necessary properties of the chips produced and optimization of the technological equipment used for initial processing and subsequent briquetting of the chip. The solution of the problem of obtaining chips of the specified characteristics after the analysis of existing methods of its solution is proposed to be performed by applying the method of preliminary local physical impact on the surface of the workpiece. The proposed method makes it possible to obtain chips of such parameters that will meet the technical conditions of the type of automatic line for its processing and disposal, which is available in a particular production. The problem of optimization of the technological line of primary processing of chips is proposed to be solved on the basis of preliminary engineering analysis of chip crushing devices, which allows you to choose the optimal geometry of the cutter inserts depending on the type and material of the chips being crushed. The proposed set of measures should help machine-building enterprises to increase the profitability of production.
Comprehensibility of the ontological model as a characteristic of its quality
Authors:   St. Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg Institute for Informatics and Automation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Mikoni S.
Published: April 2021

There is a tendency to combine professional knowledge within the framework of the creation of cyber-physical systems. This encourages making them available to a wide range of stakeholders. Various models of knowledge representation are considered from the standpoint of historicism and levels of community. It is proposed to add an interdisciplinary (general scientific) level to the three levels of knowledge representation according to the degree of its generality – philosophical, narrowly disciplinary (professional) and subject level (knowledge base). It is argued that any model of knowledge representation is based on the model of a formal system and its child model, the predicate calculus. A labeled graph is a visual model for representing knowledge. A generalized model that reflects the relationship between knowledge and cognition is proposed. Understanding the model of knowledge is interpreted as a means of cognition. The term of comprehensibility of the ontological model is introduced as a property that most characterizes its quality. The comprehensibility of the ontological model is divided into verbal and systemic ones. The factors influencing these components of model comprehensibility are discussed. Indicators for measureing the clarity of the ontological model are proposed.
An Article on speech genres in the “Speech genres” journal as … a speech genre?
Authors:   Saratov State University, Dementyev Vadim V.
Published: April 2021

The article tests the hypothesis that in the history of the speech genres theory and the journal/collection of articles “Speech Genres”, some structural – linguistic, stylistic, textual – patterns have developed in the “average” article on speech genres (namely: an article in the journal / collection of articles “Speech Genres”). The author attempts to analyze articles on speech genres published in the journal / collection of articles “Speech Genres” from a structural (oriented on the nature of a speech genre) point of view, according to computer models offered by Perm genre-stylistic school, J. Swales, Y. Mizuta, N. Collier, S. Teufel, etc. The proposed analysis is intentionally of not thematic character (not from the point of view of “what” the articles are about: what problems of the genre organization of speech or what specific genres of speech the articles are devoted to) and not scientific-heuristic (academic quality, problematicity, academic relevance of articles, their contribution to science are not evaluated). The focus is on the methods of introducing these provisions and results into science: the most regularly used techniques and structural patterns common to the articles on speech genres, for example: what units and categories of language and speech the authors operate in the analysis (from specific lexical, morphological, syntactic units to types of speech acts), on the works of which areas of linguistics (and not only) they rely as a theoretical basis (including specific schools and specific authors, as well as the frequency of references to them), how the new information is formulated – first of all, whether they are trying to “fit” it into the existing academic context, traditions (and which ones), the way they present all this (language, especially terms, including new ones, formulations of fundamental provisions and methods, headings, including the headings of individual paragraphs, style (first of all, deviations from the proper academic style), the way of narration (descriptions / reasoning), composition (segmentation of the article), special rhetorical techniques, etc.). The following points are considered in more detail: internal citation; terms and headings of articles; evaluation (evaluative characteristics of articles that are relevant in content, vertical, etc. speech genres typologies) in the journal / collection of articles “Speech Genres”.
APRENDIZAGEM SIGNIFICATIVA COMO ALICERCE PARA METODOLOGIAS ATIVAS NO ENSINO DE CIÊNCIAS: UMA INTERLOCUÇÃO EM PROL DA EDUCAÇÃO DE JOVENS E ADULTOS
Authors: Augustinho Elizabeth , Vieira Valéria Da Silva
Published: April 2021

O artigo apresenta reflexões sobre como a educação de jovens e adultos pode ser ressignificada, na busca de uma participação ativa do aluno, na qual ele seja protagonista e sujeito de sua aprendizagem. Destaca a importância da formação docente para atuar nessa modalidade de ensino. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, descritiva, elaborada com base na experiência em sala de aula e por meio de leitura de vasto material bibliográfico, que motivaram o aprofundamento do tema, priorizando autores de referência, como: Freire, Ausubel, Moran, Chassot. Além de apresentar conceitos fundamentais relacionados à aprendizagem significativa, é destacada a importância das metodologias ativas, que podem se tornar estratégias eficazes para a aprendizagem significativa em ciências na educação de jovens e adultos.
OS SABERES DA TRADIÇÃO DA COMUNIDADE SEGREDINHO NA PERCEPÇÃO DAS CRIANÇAS
Authors: Rocha Nádia Araújo , Contente Ariadne Da Costa Peres
Published: April 2021

Este artigo se propõe a refletir sobre os saberes da tradição que são apreendidos por meio da pesca artesanal e o mito que envolve o Lago do Segredo a partir da percepção das crianças da comunidade Segredinho/Capanema-PA. Trata-se de um recorte da pesquisa de doutorado que está sendo desenvolvida na comunidade Segredinho/Capanema-PA no nordeste paraense. Para isso, utilizou-se a pesquisa qualitativa e para a obtenção dos dados a entrevista semiestruturada com duas (02) crianças moradoras da comunidade. Os resultados apontaram que as crianças desenvolvem cotidianamente na realização de práticas socioambientais saberes ligados a:  composição, tamanho, tipo dos peixes, os instrumentos de pesca, a identificação das espécies, os pontos mais propícios para a pesca e etc. Saberes referentes a pesca artesanal adquiridos por meio da transmissão e da observação dos mais experientes na atividade, que passa de geração para geração. A pesca no Lago do Segredo além de ser uma atividade econômica congrega aspectos míticos, simbólicos e da tradição.
DEFINIÇÃO DE ÁREAS PRIORITÁRIAS PARA RECUPERAÇÃO DE PASTAGENS DEGRADADAS E SEU IMPACTO ECONÔMICO NO VALE DO ARAGUAIA, ESTADO GOIÁS
Authors: Rodrigues da Cunha Roberto Abreu , Wander Alcido Elenor , Ferreira Manuel Eduardo , Bettiol Giovana Maranhão
Published: April 2021

No intuito de contribuir para um desenvolvimento agrícola e pecuário sustentável no estado de Goiás, este artigo analisa as áreas prioritárias para a recuperação de pastagens no vale do Araguaia, uma região especializada nesta atividade. Para tanto, foram utilizadas as seguintes variáveis: mapa de degradação de pastagens (base Pastagem.org / LAPIG), aptidão agrícola e vulnerabilidade ambiental, requisitos analisados em conjunto em um Sistema de Informações Geográficas. Nossos resultados indicam a existência de mais de 460 mil hectares de pastagem aptos à reforma ou recuperação, podendo gerar um incremento de mais de 2 milhões e 600 mil arrobas de proteína bovina. Por ser uma das maiores regiões pecuárias do país e de seu rebanho se alimentar primordialmente de pastagens cultivadas, a recuperação destas se mostra crucial ambiental e economicamente.
Comparação de Controladores Pids Robustos Otimizados Para Aplicação em Conversores de Potência
Authors: Nascimento Monique R. , Borin Lucas C. , Mattos Everson , Osório Caio R. D. , Koch Gustavo G. , França Rodrigo P. , Dupont Fabrício H. , Montagner Vinícius F.
Published: April 2021

Este trabalho apresenta uma comparação entre duas alternativas para o projeto de controladores PIDs robustos otimizados, com ganhos de controle fixos, adequados para aplicação em conversores de potência com incertezas paramétricas. Diferentemente de projetos convencionais, que obtêm os ganhos de controle a partir de um modelo nominal da planta e verificam a posteriori a robustez contra incertezas paramétricas, as abordagens utilizadas neste trabalho garantem desempenho robusto no estágio de projeto, para plantas com parâmetros intervalares. A primeira abordagem utiliza um problema de programação linear, baseado em um polinômio alvo de malha fechada e em uma função objetivo linear, para encontrar os ganhos do PID. A segunda abordagem utiliza um algoritmo de otimização não linear, a partir de uma função objetivo baseada em especificações no domínio da frequência, para encontrar, por meio de uma meta-heurística, os ganhos do controlador. Ambas as abordagens são orientadas por critérios de projeto amplamente utilizados em conversores, dados por frequência de cruzamento e margem de fase. Os procedimentos de projeto dos controladores PIDs robustos são apresentados e ilustrados por meio de resultados de simulações e experimentais para um estudo de caso, permitindo uma comparação de vantagens e desvantagens de cada uma das técnicas.
Personal Finances in the Era of Modern Technological Solutions
Authors: Warchlewska Anna Janina , Janc Alfred , Iwański Rafał
Published: April 2021

The purpose of the article: the aim of the article is to present the essence of personal finance management using modern financial technologies. The paper seeks to answer the question of the impact financial literacy and the growth of the fintech solutions have on personal financial management. Methodology: the analysis leads to an answer to the question of which determinants have an impact on consumers' financial decisions and what remote tools the market offers. The paper hypothesizes that the intensification of educational activities tailored to each age group by institutions offering financial services may influence the greater use of modern tools in the process of personal finance management. Theoretical considerations are based on an in-depth query of literature on the subject. Research and financial experimentation in the field of financial knowledge and skills are presented. The secondary empirical material is used to analyze the development of the FinTech industry. Results: The effectiveness of financial education is observed only in specific financial behaviors. The financial industry is shaped by recipients, who instead of financial education, look e.g. financial coaching for a specific problem at different stages of their lives. Changes in population structure (aging population) and a large group of customers from disadvantaged groups (e. i. seniors, disabled people) require the development of new, matched strategies by banks and financial services providers. Too much self-confidence and a low level of consumer knowledge of cybersecurity is becoming a challenge for modern financial technologies.
Nadzór nad opłatami za gospodarowanie odpadami komunalnymi
Authors: Suska Magdalena
Published: April 2021

W ocenie TK od ustawodawcy wymaga się, aby prawo było tworzone w sposób klarowny. Nie zostało to wzięte pod uwagę w przypadku nowelizacji Ustawy z 13 września 1996 r. o utrzymaniu czystości i porządku w gminach. Narzucono gminom obowiązek zorganizowania systemu odbierania odpadów komunalnych od właścicieli nieruchomości, którzy mieliby ponosić tego koszty w drodze opłaty za gospodarowanie odpadami komunalnymi. W ustawie jednak nie sprecyzowano charakteru tej opłaty. W konsekwencji powstała niejasność, który z organów nadzoru nad działalnością jednostek samorządu terytorialnego jest właściwy do zbadania uchwał podejmowanych na podstawie ustawy o utrzymaniu czystości i porządku w gminach. W tej kwestii wypowiedziały się sądy administracyjne, jednak wyrażone stanowiska były rozbieżne, mimo iż oparte były na tych samych aktach prawnych. W artykule ukazano polemikę organów publicznych.
Blockchain Technology: Application in the Financial Industry
Authors: Kapadia Jimmy M.
Published: April 2021

Cryptocurrencies and their underlying blockchain technology are being out as the next big thing after the creation of the internet. The Blockchain is an encrypted, distributed database that records data, or in other words, it is a digital ledger of any transactions, contracts - that needs to be independently recorded. Blockchain has been initially launched as an approach to payment transactions based on cryptography to provide an alternative mechanism for the trust between two transacting parties. Blockchain technology has sparked a lively debate among researchers. This article tried to study the applications of blockchain technology in the financial industry.