bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SATUAN POLISI PAMONG PRAJA SEBAGAI PELINDUNG MASYARAKAT
Authors: Suhendi Dedy
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this paper is to better understand and know what are the main tasks and functions of the Civil Service Police Unit, especially the police officers at the district level. As is known together, Satpol PP is an agency in the area that was formed to enforce Regional Regulations and Regulations of the Head of Region, to carry out public order and peace and to protect the community. The position of the district Satpol PP is under the Regent and administratively and operationally responsible to the Regent. In this paper the author will focus on the task of Satpol PP as protection of the community. Each region has different characteristics and experiencesdifferent disaster problems, ranging from floods, landslides, fires, droughts and so on. Disasters can be in the form of disasters caused by humans or because of nature and these events occur almost every year, even in some areas known as flood-subscribed areas. Writing this script is the result of a conceptual study, so the results of this writing are expected to be useful especially for readers so that they understand better what the Satpol is. Instruments for retrieving data are taken from several reference sources, electronic media and direct observations of the results of the author’s experience in the area.

Keywords: Satpol pp, Community Protection and Disaster Mitigation
PERAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH DALAM PENANGGULANGAN BENCANA
Authors: Heryati Sri
Published: January 2022

Natural disaster keeps occurring in Indonesia: earthquake, landslide, flood, forest fire, even drought. The effects are not only material loss, but also death and ecosystem loss. This writing would discover government role in disaster handling and the obstacles. Analysis was based on several researches with similar topic. Therefore, the study applied desk research technique. Based on the result, it was found that government has shown their role in disaster handling through 5 (five) aspects: legislative, agency, planning, financial, and capacity development. In this case, government has taken strategic attempt to deal with natural disaster risk and effects by building BNPB in central level and BPBD in regional level. This non-department agency has become a leading sector in disaster handling. It was also known that almost every region face similar obstacle in disaster handling: limited budget, human resource, tools and equipment; and lack of inter-sector coordination

Keywords: Government Role; Disaster Management
UPAYA PENANGGULANGAN ALIH FUNGSI LAHAN PERTANIAN DENGAN PEMBERDAYAAN KRAMA SUBAK
Authors: Lestari Ni Putu Dyah Novi , Ginting Arwanto Harimas
Published: January 2022

Subak is a traditional organization in the field of agriculture and irrigation of rice fields in indigenous peoples in Bali that is socioeconomic, religious, economical that historically continues to grow and develop and has been awarded World Cultural Heritage status by UNESCO on June 29, 2012. However, along with the development of the times, the conversion of agricultural land functions are increasing which results in agricultural land continues to decrease and the existence of Subak is increasingly threatened. This research uses the foundation of Empowerment Theory according to Totok Mardikanto. The research method used is qualitative research with descriptive method. Data collection techniques used in this study are by observation, interview, and documentation. While data analysis used in processing the data obtained is by data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing.  The observations showed that the empowerment process for Krama Subak has been running well but there are still obstacles that cause conversion of agricultural land function to continue to occur, such as the resources of heterogeneous farmers, farmers not owners of agricultural land, and farmers who are still tempted by rising land prices. Efforts made in addressing this is by holding the Hita Lalu Program, improving the intensification of subak administrators as well as the preparation of the Regulation on Sustainable Food Agricultural Land (LP2B).

Keywords: Empowerment, Agriculture, Krama Subak
STRATEGI PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT OLEH BADAN PENANGGULANGAN BENCANA DAERAH KABUPATEN KUTAI KERTANEGARA DALAM MEWUJUDKAN DESA TANGGUH BENCANA (STUDI PADA DESA LOA IPUH DAN DESA PURWAJAWA KABUPATEN KUTAI KERTANEGARA)
Authors: Ginting Arwanto Harimas , Dewi Tri
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this research is to find out the strategy of BPBD Kutai Kertanegara Regency in disaster mitigation efforts to support an independent society so that later the performance program can be sustainable. In addition, it is also to determine the level of community participation in disaster mitigation efforts, whether the community can participate optimally with the existence of Destana. The method used is descriptive qualitative case study, where the researcher uses two data sources, namely primary and secondary. Primary data is obtained directly from the field while secondary data is not obtained directly in the field, through observation and documentation. The results of this study are that there are several strategies of BPBD Kutai Kertanegara Regency in maximizing community participation, including socialization and training carried out in stages, Destana development involving the community. In addition, community participation is high even though it is hindered by community professions. Community involvement in these areas cannot be separated from people's awareness of their disaster-prone areas so that awareness has opened their minds to participate and participate in disaster resilient village programs.

Keywords: Strategy, Empowerment and Resilient Village Disaster
EFEKTIVITAS PERAN SATUAN POLISI PAMONG PRAJA DALAM PENERTIBAN PEDAGANG KAKI LIMA DI KOTA BANDUNG
Authors: Rukmana Maris Gunawan
Published: January 2022

The Civil Service Police Unit (Satpol PP) is an organization that has quite strategic tasks, functions and authorities in organizing the enforcement of regional regulations and decisions of the Head of the Region, Organizing public peace and order, and community protection. The city of Bandung as the capital of West Java Province which has the potential as a destination area for immigrants to meet the living needs of various areas to complain about fate. Thus, as a trade destination area, it is necessary to arrange an orderly, comfortable and peaceful situation for the people of Bandung City. Street vendors are one of the informal livelihoods that are mostly located in every corner of Bandung City. In addition to having a source of income for the area, but on the other hand is another problem for the government of Bandung City. The purpose of writing is to find out how the effectiveness of the role of the Civil Service Police Unit in Disciplining Pedestrian Traders in the City of Bandung. The method used in this writing is Descriptive Analysis by using research tools in the form of literature study on the Effectiveness and Role of Civil Servants Unit (Satpol PP).
EFEKTIVITAS PERATURAN DAERAH KOTA PAYAKUMBUH NOMOR 5 TAHUN 2007 DALAM PENERTIBAN ANAK PUNK
Authors: Ardiansyah Bayu Krisna , Ardiansyah Faisal Hidayat
Published: January 2022

The entry of one of the foreign cultures caused by the development of the globalization era in the world, namely in the youth community in Indonesia, this culture has led to several changes in the social community of this new teenager which is called the Punk Child. This study aims to determine how the effectiveness of Payakumbuh City Regulation Number 5 of 2007 in Control of Punk Children in Payakumbuh City, West Sumatra. Researchers use research methods with qualitative methods with an inductive approach. Through analysis in a different perspective from previous research, namely, several determinants in public policy as determinants of public policy outcomes. The results of this study are the Child Punk Control has not been effective well because the main goal has not been achieved, the imposition of sanctions that are still not firm and the resources involved are lacking, expertise and skills are still lacking due to members of the Payakumbuh Municipal Civil Service Police Unit. As well as the lack of facilities and facilities from the Civil Service Police Unit in terms of mobility of members and it needs special attention from the government for budgeting. The conclusion of this study shows that the local regulations have not been effective in overcoming the control of punk children in Payakumbuh City. Researchers suggest that the government and police conduct special coaching for job training programs so that punk children are able to live a good life.
Actividad física y riesgo metabólico en estudiantes universitarios Lima-Perú 2016
Authors: Pereyra-Zaldívar Héctor , Zárate-Scarsi Bell T. , Aliaga-Santa María Mérida , Delgado-Bocanegra Carlos A.
Published: January 2022

Numerosos estudios evidencian alta prevalencia de enfermedades cardiovasculares y metabólicas en los adultos y adultos mayores, aunque su frecuencia se está incrementando en jóvenes. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo en estudiantes del primer año de medicina de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), con el objetivo de conocer los niveles de actividad física y los criterios para síndrome metabólico (SM). El estudio fue aceptado por un Comité de Ética de la Facultad de Medicina. El análisis estadístico fue realizado con Stata v6. El 56,7% de los estudiantes tiene 17-19 años, y 53,3% es del sexo femenino; el 56,7% tiene un ingreso familiar mensual per cápita mayor de 500 nuevos soles, y el 76,7% procede de Lima-urbana. El 83.4% tuvo actividad física limitada, siendo los componentes del SM más frecuentes: circunferencia abdominal elevada (36.7%) y bajos niveles de colesterol de alta densidad (23.3%). La única variable con asociación estadística con el SM (p=0,0389) fue la Circunferencia Abdominal-CA. El Índice de Masa Corporal-IMC es la única variable asociada con la CA (p=0,007). Pese al limitado tamaño de la muestra, los resultados indican limitada actividad física e importante riesgo cardiometabólico, en particular circunferencia abdominal elevada, por lo que son necesarios estudios en otras poblaciones universitarias, para incidir en las políticas de bienestar universitario con fines preventivos.
Anticuerpos monoclonales
Authors: Carrasco-Yalán Antonio
Published: January 2022

Complejos glico-protéicos idénticos producidos y secretadas por un específico “clon o familia” de linfocitos B especializadas conocidas como células plasmáticas. Son producidas en respuesta a moléculas o micro organismos (denominados antígenos) y son reconocidas como primera línea de respuesta del sistema inmune adaptativo(1).
Anticuerpos monoclonales: aplicaciones en infectología
Authors: Medina-Collado Carlos
Published: January 2022

La terapia basada en anticuerpos pre formados, precede al uso de antibióticos, en enfermedades infecciosas. Se clasifican en anticuerpos monoclonales y policlonales, y pueden ser administradas previo al contacto con el agente infeccioso (pre exposición), o posterior al mismo (post exposición). Un ejemplo clásico de terapia pre exposición es el anticuerpo monoclonal humanizado palivizumab utilizado en recién nacidos de alto riesgo, contra la infección por Virus Sincitial Respiratorio (VSR). Del mismo modo, ansuvimab y el complejo de 3 anticuerpos monoclonales (atoltivimab, maftivimab y odesivimab) llamado inmazab, aprobados para uso en Ébola; así como, ibalizumab y bezlotoxumab, aprobados para su uso en Infección por VIH y Enfermedad por Clostridioides difficille, respectivamente, son ejemplos de anticuerpos monoclonales diseñados para el tratamiento de infecciones difíciles de tratar por agentes virales o bacterianos. El uso de estos anticuerpos monoclonales ha demostrado, en diferentes ensayos clínicos, su eficacia en reducción de mortalidad, tasa de hospitalización, recurrencia y estancia hospitalaria.
Üçüncü Dalga Feminizm Çerçevesinde İslâmcı Kadın Örgütlenmesi ve Kadın Haklarına Yaklaşımları
Authors: Cangöz İncilay , Gönç Şavran Temmuz , Suğur Serap , Yeşildal Hatice
Published: January 2022

Bu çalışmada bir sivil toplum aktörü olarak İslâmcı kadın örgütlerini irdelemekteyiz. Araştırma, Eskişehir’deki tüm kadın örgütlerini kapsayan geniş kapsamlı bir saha çalışmasına yaslanmaktadır ancak bu makalede sadece İslâmcı kadın örgütlerindeki görüşmelerin verileri analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada İslâmcı kadın örgütlerinin kadın hakları savunusu ve beden kavrayışları dolayısıyla kadın bedeni üzerindeki patriarkal tahakküme yönelik duruşlarıyla kadın hareketi içerisindeki konumları irdelenmştir. İslâmcı kadın örgütlerinde savunulan kadın hakları söylemi, İslâm dini referansıyla kurulmakta ve evrensel değer olarak toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliği eleştirilerek yerine toplumsal cinsiyet adaleti yerleştirilmeye çalışılmaktadır. Batı Feminizminin Müslüman kadın gerçekliğini kapsamadığı ve İslâm’ın yaradılış öğretisi gereği, cinslerin fıtrî özelliklerine göre adalet dağıtımı savunulnmaktadır. İlaveten, kadınlar bedenlerine kendilerine ait olarak görmemekte ve İslâmî bakışla ‘emanet’ beden algısı nedeniyle kürtaj karşıtı oldukları görülmektedir. Böylelikle, Türkiye’deki kadın hareketi içerisinde seküler kadınlar ile İslâmcı kadınlar arasında toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliği ile toplumsal cinsiyet adaleti arasında önemli bir gerilim üretilmekte; kadınlar arasında dayanışmadan ziyade bölünmelere ve ayrışmalara yol açtığı görülmektedir.
“East West, Home’s Best”: Feminist Politics of Sue Townsend in Bazaar and Rummage
Authors: Özmen Akdoğan Özlem
Published: January 2022

This paper discusses the social reasons for agoraphobia as a psychological disorder as observed in the women characters of British playwright Sue Townsend’s issue-based play Bazaar and Rummage (1982). The depiction of three agoraphobic women in a context characterised by patriarchal dominion constitutes the core of Townsend’s play. Although their problematic condition is presented rather comically, from their accounts, it seems apt to argue that societal oppression is the reason for their longlasting seclusion and constant fear of the outside world. The play offers a rummage sale as an opportunity for women to step outside and conquer their fear. Accordingly, in terms of presenting the psychological condition of women characters and associating the possible solution to their problem with a market occasion, Townsend’s play illustrates an example of feminist criticism. In this study, the play’s analysis is based on the 1980s context dominated by Thatcher politics, and Townsend’s portrayal of agoraphobia is discussed as a criticism of her society in which patriarchal hegemony plays a central role in women’s forced confinement.
Identity and the Availability of Emergency Contraception from Pharmacies in Istanbul
Authors: O'Neil Mary Lou , Aldanmaz Bahar
Published: January 2022

Emergency contraception (EC) has been and remains available in Turkey without prescription since 2002. This study attempted to determine the availability of emergency contraception from pharmacies in Istanbul, Turkey and whether the identity of the purchaser had any impact on availability. More specifically, we sought to understand if young women feel shamed or denied access to EC. This study employed a mystery patient/shopper approach where mystery patients attempted to purchase emergency contraception from a random sample of 352 pharmacies in Istanbul. Mystery shoppers, ages 18-22, were trained and provided a standard scenario and identity. The identities included: conservative/ religious female; secular/modern female; and male. After each pharmacy visit, the mystery patients recorded the details of their attempts to purchase EC. In 95.4% of visits mystery shoppers were able to purchase EC. Despite the availability of several types of EC, little choice was given to shoppers. Male mystery shoppers were given more choice of EC than their female counterparts and were more often able to purchase the less expensive form of EC. In the majority of transactions, pharmacists offered no medical instructions or recommendations. EC is widely available from pharmacies in Istanbul but lack of choice and information from pharmacists result in a less than ideal health care experience.
Feminist Akademisyenlik
Authors: Ertem Elif
Published: January 2022

bell hooks Teaching to Transgress: Education as the Practice of Freedom eserinin Feminist Scholarship bölümünün çevirisidir
Numerical Simulation of Mixing Process in a Splitting-and-Recombination Microreactor
Authors: Yan Lifang , Wang Shiteng , Cheng Yi
Published: January 2022

The mixing process between miscible fluids in a splitting-and-recombination microreactor is analyzed numerically by solving the Navier–Stokes equation and species transfer equation. The commercial microreactor combines rectangular channels with comb-shaped inserts to achieve the splitting-and-recombination effect. The results show that the microreactor with three-layer standard inserts have the highest mixing rate as well as good mixing efficiency within a wide range of Reynolds numbers from 0.1 to 160. The size parameters of the inserts, both the ratio of the width of comb tooth (marked as l) and the spacing distance (marked as s) between two comb teeth, and the ratio of the vertical distance (marked as V) of comb teeth and the horizontal distance (marked as H) are essential for influencing the liquid–liquid mixing process at low Reynolds numbers (e.g., Re ≤ 2). With the increase of s/l from 1 to 4, the mixing efficiency drops from 0.99 to 0.45 at Re = 0.2. Similarly, the increase in V/H is not beneficial to promote the mixing between fluids. When the ratio of V/H changes from 10:10 to 10:4, the splitting and recombination cycles reduce so that the uniform mixing between different fluids can be hardly achieved. The width of comb tooth (marked as l) is 1 mm and the spacing distance (marked as s) between two comb teeth is 2 mm. The vertical distance (marked as V) of comb teeth and the horizontal distance (marked as H) are both 10 mm.
Emory-Tibet Science Initiative: Changes in Monastic Science Learning Motivation and Engagement During a Six-Year Curriculum
Authors: Gray Kelsey M. , Achat-Mendes Cindy , Kruger Ann Cale , Lhamo Tashi , Wangyal Rinchen , Gyatso Gelek , Worthman Carol M.
Published: January 2022

Led by His Holiness the Dalai Lama, the initiative taken by the Tibetan Buddhist monastic community to connect with western science and scientists presents a unique opportunity to understand the motivations and engagement behaviors that contribute to monastic science learning. In this study, we draw on quantitative data from two distinct surveys that track motivations and engagement behaviors related to science education among monastic students. The first survey was administered at one monastic university in 2018, and the second follow-up survey was completed by students at two monastic universities in 2019. These surveys assessed the reception of science education related to motivations among monastics and their demonstration of engagement-with-science behaviors. We also tested for variation over time by surveying students in all years of the science curriculum. We identified that monastic students are motivated by their perception that studying science has an overall positive effect and benefits their Buddhist studies, rather than negatively affecting their personal or collective Buddhist goals. In accordance with this finding, monastics behave in ways that encourage fellow scholars to engage with science concepts. Survey responses were disaggregated by years of science study and indicated changes in motivation and engagement during the six-year science curriculum. These insights support the relevance of considering motivation and engagement in a novel educational setting and inform ongoing work to expand the inclusiveness of science education. Our findings provide direction for future avenues of enhancing exchange of knowledge and practice between Buddhism and science.
Scientific Institutions Should Support Inclusive Engagement: Reflections on the AAAS Center for Public Engagement Approach
Authors: Kimbrell Elana , Philippe Gemima , Longshore Mary Catherine
Published: January 2022

Scientists’ engagement with society on critical environmental and health issues is essential to reaching positive and equitable long-term outcomes. We argue that stronger institutional support for public engagement is necessary and that inclusive practices should be built into public engagement training and relationships. The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)’s Center for Public Engagement with Science and Technology provides a model of support for scientists that we believe other scientific institutions can replicate and expand on. This model prioritizes representative and accessible science communication training, resources (e.g., funding and staff and peer support), opportunities to practice engagement, and rewards and incentives for doing engagement. We describe our programs in each of these areas and reflect on how well each builds scientists’ engagement skills and institutional capacity, and whether each embodies and models thoughtful, accessible, and representative engagement. Through these various approaches, the Center communicates to other scientific institutions that engagement by scientists should be valued, celebrated, and supported, and builds capacity for individual scientists to do effective engagement. We argue that these supports can be applied by other scientific institutions to reflect and incorporate society’s diverse needs and concerns, thus truly serving the public and making science and scientific institutions stronger for it.
Transcatheter Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus via Different Approaches
Authors: Zhou Zeming , Gu Yuanrui , Zheng Hong , Li Shiguo , Xu Liang , Liu Qiong , Wan Junyi , Lv Jianhua , Song Huijun , Yan Chaowu , Hu Haibo , Zhang Gejun , Xu Zhongying , Jin Jinglin
Published: January 2022

Background: There have been marked advances in devices such as Amplatzer Duct Occluder II (ADO-II) or vascular plug through 5Fr delivery sheath for closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in the past five decades, making it possible for cardiologists to deliver occluders via different approaches. However, comparisons of these different approaches have not been reported. Therefore, the aim of this study was to summarize and compare the advantages of different approaches for PDA closure, and to guide clinical strategies.

Methods: This retrospective study included all patients undergoing transcatheter closure of PDA from 2019 to 2020. Patients were matched by 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM). The retrograde femoral artery approach (FAA) and simple vein approach (SVA) groups were compared with the conventional arteriovenous approach (CAA).

Results: The average age of the 476 patients was 21.05 ± 21.15 years. Their average weight was 38.23 ± 24.1 kg and average height was 130.14 ± 34.45 cm. The mean diameter of the PDA was 4.29 ± 2.25 mm. There were 127 men and 349 women, comprising 205 adults and 271 children. Among them, 197 patients underwent CAA, 223 underwent SVA, and 56 underwent retrograde FAA. The diameter in the FAA group was smaller than that in the other two groups, but was similar in adults and children. In the PSM comparison of CAA and SVA, 136 patients with CAA and 136 patients with SVA were recruited. Simple vein approach was associated with markedly reduced length of hospital stay, length of operation, and contrast medium usage as compared with CAA (all P < 0.05). In the PSM comparison of FAA and CAA, 30 patients with CAA and 30 patients with FAA were recruited. The operation duration was longer in the CAA than in the FAA group. There were no significant differences in postoperative complications among groups.

Conclusion: Patent ductus arteriosus closure by using the SVA and FAA is safe and effective, and has certain advantages in some respects as compared with CAA.
Tele-Audiology: Current State and Future Directions
Authors: D'Onofrio Kristen L. , Zeng Fan-Gang
Published: January 2022

The importance of tele-audiology has been heightened by the current COVID-19 pandemic. The present article reviews the current state of tele-audiology practice while presenting its limitations and opportunities. Specifically, this review addresses: (1) barriers to hearing healthcare, (2) tele-audiology services, and (3) tele-audiology key issues, challenges, and future directions. Accumulating evidence suggests that tele-audiology is a viable service delivery model, as remote hearing screening, diagnostic testing, intervention, and rehabilitation can each be completed reliably and effectively. The benefits of tele-audiology include improved access to care, increased follow-up rates, and reduced travel time and costs. Still, significant logistical and technical challenges remain from ensuring a secure and robust internet connection to controlling ambient noise and meeting all state and federal licensure and reimbursement regulations. Future research and development, especially advancements in artificial intelligence, will continue to increase tele-audiology acceptance, expand remote care, and ultimately improve patient satisfaction.
Mercury in Sediment Core Samples From Deep Siberian Ice-Rich Permafrost
Authors: Rutkowski Clara , Lenz Josefine , Lang Andreas , Wolter Juliane , Mothes Sibylle , Reemtsma Thorsten , Grosse Guido , Ulrich Mathias , Fuchs Matthias , Schirrmeister Lutz , Fedorov Alexander , Grigoriev Mikhail , Lantuit Hugues , Strauss Jens
Published: January 2022

We determine Hg concentrations of various deposits in Siberia’s deep permafrost and link sediment properties and Hg enrichment to establish a first Hg inventory of late Pleistocene permafrost down to a depth of 36 m below surface. As Arctic warming is transforming the ice-rich permafrost of Siberia, sediment is released and increases the flux of particulates to the Arctic shelf seas through thawing coasts, lakeshores, and river floodplains. Heavy metals within soils and sediments are also released and may increasingly enter Arctic waters and the biological food chain. High levels of mercury (Hg) have been reported from shallow soils across the Arctic. Rapid thawing is now mobilizing sediment from deeper strata, but so far little is known about Hg concentrations in deep permafrost. Here, forty-one samples from sediment successions at seven sites and of different states of permafrost degradation on Bykovsky Peninsula (northern Yakutian coast) and in the Yukechi Alas region (Central Yakutia) were analyzed for Hg, total carbon, total nitrogen, and total organic carbon as well as grain-size distribution, bulk density, and mass specific magnetic susceptibility. We show average Hg concentrations of 9.72 ± 9.28 μg kg−1 in the deep sediments, an amount comparable to the few previous Arctic studies existing, and a significant correlation of Hg content with total organic carbon, total nitrogen, grain-size distribution, and mass specific magnetic susceptibility. Hg concentrations are higher in the generally sandier sediments of the Bykovsky Peninsula than in the siltier sediments of the Yukechi Alas. The ratio of Hg to total organic carbon in this study is 2.57 g kg−1, including samples with very low carbon content. We conclude that many deep permafrost sediments, some of which have been frozen for millennia, contain elevated concentrations of Hg and the stock of Hg ready to be released by erosion is of significance for the Arctic ecosystem. The Hg mobilized may accumulate on the way to or in the shallow sea, and where it enters into active biogeochemical cycles of aquatic systems it may concentrate in food webs. Our study highlights the need for better understanding Hg stocks and Hg release from permafrost.
Contrasting Geomorphic and Stratigraphic Responses to Normal Fault Development During Single and Multi-Phase Rifting
Authors: Pechlivanidou Sofia , Geurts Anneleen H. , Duclaux Guillaume , Gawthorpe Robert L. , Pennos Christos , Finch Emma
Published: January 2022

Understanding the impact of tectonics on surface processes and the resultant stratigraphic evolution in multi-phase rifts is challenging, as patterns of erosion and deposition related to older phases of extension are overprinted by the subsequent extensional phases. In this study, we use a one-way coupled numerical modelling approach between a tectonic and a surface processes model to investigate topographic evolution, erosion and basin stratigraphy during single and multi-phase rifting. We compare the results from the single and the multi-phase rift experiments for a 5 Myr period during which they experience equal amounts of extension, but with the multi-phase experiment experiencing fault topography inherited from a previous phase of extension. Our results demonstrate a very dynamic evolution of the drainage network that occurs in response to fault growth and linkage and to depocentre overfilling and overspilling. We observe profound differences between topographic and depocenter development during single and multi-phase rifting with implications for sedimentary facies architecture. Our quantitative approach, enables us to better understand the impact of changing extension direction on the distribution of sediment source areas and the syn-rift stratigraphic development through time and space.
The Influence of Channel Planform and Slope Topography on Turbidity Current Overbank Processes: The Example of the Acquarone Fan (Southeastern Tyrrhenian Sea)
Authors: Scacchia Elena , Tinterri Roberto , Gamberi Fabiano
Published: January 2022

Overbank deposits provide a potentially valuable record of flows that have passed through a submarine channel. The architecture of overbank deposits has generally assumed to relate to autogenic processes related to channel construction. In previous models, which are largely based on passive margins, the distribution and geometry of these deposits is relatively simple, and hence generally predictable. Here, we show how the interaction of different flow types with the complex morphology on a highly-tectonically modified margin can profoundly affect overbank depositional processes, and hence also the resultant deposit geometry and architecture. Our case study is the Acquarone Fan, located in the intraslope Gioia Basin in the south-eastern Tyrrhenian Sea, whose topography is mainly controlled by the presence of the Acquarone structural ridge, which results in the confinement of the left south-west side of the channel-levee system. The research is carried out through analysis of multibeam bathymetric and high-resolution Chirp sub-bottom profiler data. Seven depositional units (Units I-VII) record the recent depositional history of the fan; their thickness has been mapped and their parent flow-types have been interpreted through their seismic response. According to unit thickness maps, two main patterns of deposition are recognized in the overbank area. Their depocenters coincide with different extensive sediment wave fields developed in specific tracts of the right levee and in the frontal splay area. We show that the location of the depocenters varies in time according to the prevalent flow-type and by its interaction with the surrounding seafloor topography and channel planform. We interpret that the lateral confinement of the channel by the structural high generates episodic rebound of the overspilling flow and the inversion of the channel asymmetry. The vertical stratification of the flow strongly influences the overbank deposition where the channel planform has a non-linear shape such as bends and knick-points. In particular, the vertical stratification influences the hydraulic jump size that conditions the amount of overspill and thus the location of overbank depocenters. This study highlights that variations in the sediment distribution and composition on the overbank can be related to the way different flows interact with tectonic setting.
Investigation of the Enrichment and Accumulation of Normal Pressure Shale Gas in Anchang Syncline Outside of Sichuan Basin
Authors: Lan Baofeng , Zhao Fuping , Li Shaopeng , Jiang Haishen , Liu Song , Zhang Zhiyao
Published: January 2022

Gas shales from the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation in Anchang syncline in northern Guizhou area of Sichuan Basin are stable in distribution and can be classified as type I shale gas reservoir with great resource potential. The exploration and development of shale gas in Anchang syncline have achieved great progress. However, the enrichment rule and accumulation pattern of shale gas in Anchang syncline are still not clear at the present. Gas pressure in the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations shales in Anchang syncline is normal. The maximum tested gas production in the field ranges from 18,000 to 58,000 m3/d. However, gas production of shale wells varies greatly even in the same platform. In order to understand the shale gas enrichment and accumulation and improve the effective development of shale gas in this area, comparative analyses on the geological characteristics and preservation conditions of gas reservoirs in several typical wells were carried out from the perspective of geology, petrophysics, geophysics, and well logging. Results show that shale gas in Anchang syncline has the characteristics of accumulating in both deep central position and gently wings. Tectonic preservation condition is the key factor to high gas production in Anchang area. The hydrological conditions, syncline structure, fault distribution, and cap rock quality comprehensively control the gas pressure and gas bearing capacity of shale reservoir. According to these factors, an accumulation model of shales with normal gas pressure is established: syncline controls the distribution of gas reservoir; fault controls the boundary of the reservoir; preservation conditions controls gas capacity. The results are benefit for the rolling exploration and development of shale gas in Anchang area, and are important for the development of normal pressure shale gas in northern Guizhou area.
Heat Flow and Thermal Source of the Xi’an Depression, Weihe Basin, Central China
Authors: Xu Wei , Tang Xiaoyin , Cheng Luyao , Dong Ying , Zhang Yuping , Ke Tingting , Yu Ruyang , Li Yi
Published: January 2022

The Xi’an Depression of the Weihe Basin, located in the transition zone where the North China, Qinling and Yangtze plates collide with each other, is an important area of geothermal energy utilization in China. Studies of heat flow and thermal sources are of great significance to the exploration and development of geothermal resources in this area. In this paper, six temperature logs boreholes, and 14 thermal conductivity samples have been used to study the geothermal gradient and terrestrial heat flow in the area. The results show that the geothermal gradients of Xi’an Depression range from 20.8 C/km to 49.1 C/km, with an average of 31.7 ± 5.0 C/km. The calculated heat flow is 59.4–88.6 mW/m2, and the average value is 71.0 ± 6.3 mW/m2, which indicates a high thermal background in the area. The high anomalous zones are near the Lintong-Chang’an Fault zone in the southeast, the Weihe Fault in the north, and the Fenghe Fault in the central Xi’an Depression. These deep and large faults not only control the formation of the Xi’an Depression but also provide an important channel for the circulation of groundwater and affect the characteristics of the shallow geothermal distribution. The temperature of the Moho in the Xi’an Depression ranges from 600 to 700°C, and the thermal lithosphere thickness is about 90–100 km. The characteristics of lithospheric thermal structure in Xi’an Depression indicate that the higher thermal background in the study area is related to lithospheric extension and thinning and asthenosphere thermal material upwelling.
Who Makes an Effort? A Person-Centered Examination of Motivation and Beliefs as Predictors of Students’ Effort and Performance on the PISA 2015 Science Assessment
Authors: Hofverberg Anders , Eklöf Hanna , Lindfors Maria
Published: January 2022

Each time new PISA results are presented, they gain a lot of attention. However, there are many factors that lie behind the results, and they get less attention. In this study, we take a person-centered approach and focus on students’ motivation and beliefs, and how these predict students’ effort and performance on the PISA 2015 assessment of scientific literacy. Moreover, we use both subjective (self-report) and objective (time-based) measures of effort, which allows us to compare these different types of measures. Latent profile analysis was used to group students in profiles based on their instrumental motivation, enjoyment, interest, self-efficacy, and epistemic beliefs (all with regard to science). A solution with four profiles proved to be best. When comparing the effort and performance of these four profiles, we saw several significant differences, but many of these differences disappeared when we added gender and the PISA index of economic, social, and cultural status (ESCS) as control variables. The main difference between the profiles, after adding control variables, was that the students in the profile with most positive motivation and sophisticated epistemic beliefs performed best and put in the most effort. Students in the profile with unsophisticated epistemic beliefs and low intrinsic values (enjoyment and interest) were most likely to be classified as low-effort responders. We conclude that strong motivation and sophisticated epistemic beliefs are important for both the effort students put into the PISA assessment and their performance, but also that ESCS had an unexpectedly large impact on the results.
Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins and Glycoprotein A and B Assessed by 1H-NMR in Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Moreno-Vedia Juan , Rosales Roser , Ozcariz Enrique , Llop Dídac , Lahuerta Maribel , Benavent María , Rodríguez-Calvo Ricardo , Plana Núria , Pedragosa Angels , Masana Lluís , Castro Antoni , Ibarretxe Daiana , Girona Josefa
Published: January 2022

High plasma triglyceride (TG) levels and chronic inflammation are important factors related to metabolic-associated fatty liver disease in patients at cardiovascular risk. Using nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), we aimed to study the triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) and acute-phase glycoprotein profiles of a cohort of patients with metabolic disease and their relationship with fatty liver. Plasma samples of 280 patients (type 2 diabetes, 81.1%; obesity, 63.3%; and metabolic syndrome, 91.8%) from the University Hospital Lipid Unit were collected for the measurement of small, medium and large TRL particle numbers and sizes and glycoprotein profiles (Glyc-A and Glyc-B) by 1H-NMR. Liver function parameters, including the fatty liver index (FLI) and fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) score, were assessed. Hepatic echography assessment was performed in 100 patients, and they were followed up for 10 years. TRL particle concentrations showed a strong positive association with Glyc-A and Glyc-B (ρ=0.895 and ρ=0.654, p<0.001, respectively) and with the liver function-related proteins ALT ρ=0.293, p<0.001), AST (ρ=0.318, p<0.001) and GGT (ρ=0.284, p<0.001). Likewise, TRL concentrations showed a positive association with FLI (ρ=0.425, p<0.001) but not with FIB-4. During the follow-up period of 10 years, 18 new cases of steatosis were observed among 64 patients who were disease-free at baseline. Baseline TRL particle numbers and glycoprotein levels were associated with the new development of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) (AUC=0.692, p=0.018 and AUC=0.669, p=0.037, respectively). Overall, our results indicated that TRL number and acute-phase glycoproteins measured by 1H-NMR could be potential biomarkers of the development of hepatic steatosis in patients at metabolic risk.
Captive Tawny Frogmouths Exhibit Similar Body Temperature Patterns as Wild Individuals
Authors: Czenze Zenon J. , Myers Mark , Collins Darin , Brigham R. Mark
Published: January 2022

Free-ranging tawny frogmouths (Podargus strigoides) typically defend body temperature (Tb) between 38 and 40°C during activity and allow it to fall to 29°C during cold evenings. However, this pattern of nightly Tb decline has not been elicited in captivity during short-term respirometry measurements. We used implanted Tb loggers to record the Tb of two captive tawny frogmouths from 24 September to 24 December 2019 to determine if the conditions in captivity would elicit similar Tb patterns to those measured in the wild. We recorded an average Tb of 34.8 ± 1.1 and 35.6 ± 1.0°C for the two birds and minimum Tb of 31.0 and 32.0°C. Minimum daily Tb was correlated between the two individuals, and the minimum Tb of both individuals was correlated with minimum daily Ta. Our results highlight the need to keep birds under appropriate captive conditions to perform physiological research that produces results which mirror responses by individuals in the wild.
Non-Causal Effects of Asthma on COVID-19 Susceptibility and Severity
Authors: Qiu Li-Juan , Yin Kang-Jia , Pan Gui-Xia , Ni Jing , Wang Bin
Published: January 2022

Background: Asthma is observationally associated with an increased risk of COVID-19, but the causality remains unclear. We aim to determine whether there is a casual role of asthma in susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 severity.

Methods: Instrumental variables (IVs) for asthma and moderate-to-severe asthma were obtained from publicly available summary statistics from the most recent and largest genome-wide association study (GWAS), including 394 283 and 57 695 participants of European ancestry, respectively. The corresponding data for COVID-19 susceptibility, hospitalization and severe-disease were derived from the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative GWAS meta-analysis of up to 1 683 768 individuals of European descent. Causality was inferred between correlated traits by Mendelian Randomization analyses. Inverse-variance weighted method was used as the primary MR estimates and multiple alternate approaches and several sensitivity analyses were also conducted.

Results: Our MR analysis revealed no causal effects of asthma on COVID-19 susceptibility, hospitalization or severe disease, with odds ratio (OR) of 0.994 (95% CI: 0.962–1.027), 1.020 (95% CI: 0.955–1.089), and 0.929 (95% CI: 0.836–1.032), respectively. Furthermore, using genetic variants for moderate-to-severe asthma, a similar pattern of results was observed for COVID-19 susceptibility (OR: 0.988, 95% CI: 0.946–1.031), hospitalization (OR: 0.967, 95% CI: 0.906–1.031), and severe disease (OR: 0.911, 95% CI: 0.823–1.009). The association of asthma and moderate-to-severe asthma with COVID-19 was overall robust to sensitivity analyses.

Conclusion: Genetically predicted asthma was not associated with susceptibility to, or severity of, COVID-19 disease, indicating that asthma is unlikely to be a causal factor in the development of COVID-19.
Causal Association Between Periodontitis and Type 2 Diabetes: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Analysis
Authors: Wang Yong-Bo , Yan Si-Yu , Li Xu-Hui , Huang Qiao , Luo Li-Sha , Wang Yun-Yun , Huang Jiao , Jin Ying-Hui , Zeng Xian-Tao
Published: January 2022

Background: Previous observational studies have reported a bidirectional association between periodontitis and type 2 diabetes, but the causality of these relationships remains unestablished. We clarified the bidirectional causal association through two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR).

Methods: We obtained summary-level data for periodontitis and type 2 diabetes from several published large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of individuals of European ancestry. For the casual effect of periodontitis on type 2 diabetes, we used five independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) specific to periodontitis from three GWAS. The summary statistics for the associations of exposure-related SNPs with type 2 diabetes were drawn from the GWAS in the Diabetes Genetics Replication and Meta-analysis (DIAGRAM) consortium and the FinnGen consortium R5 release, respectively. For the reversed causal inference, 132 and 49 SNPs associated with type 2 diabetes from the DIAGRAM consortium and the FinnGen consortium R5 release were included, and the summary-level statistics were obtained from the Gene-Lifestyle Interactions in Dental Endpoints consortium. Multiple approaches of MR were carried out.

Results: Periodontitis was not causally related with the risk of type 2 diabetes (all p > 0.05). No causal effect of type 2 diabetes on periodontitis was found (all p > 0.05). Estimates were consistent across multiple MR analyses.

Conclusion: This study based on genetic data does not support a bidirectional causal association between periodontitis and type 2 diabetes.
Current State of Compulsory Basic and Clinical Courses in Genetics for Medical Students at Medical Faculties in Balkan Countries With Slavic Languages
Authors: Pereza Nina , Terzić Rifet , Plaseska-Karanfilska Dijana , Miljanović Olivera , Novaković Ivana , Poslon Željka , Ostojić Saša , Peterlin Borut
Published: January 2022

Introduction: In this study we aimed to perform the first research on the current state of compulsory basic and clinical courses in genetics for medical students offered at medical faculties in six Balkan countries with Slavic languages (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, and Slovenia).

Materials and Methods: The study was conducted from June to September 2021. One representative from each country was invited to collect and interpret the data for all medical faculties in their respective country. All representatives filled a questionnaire, which consisted of two sets of questions. The first set of questions was factual and contained specific questions about medical faculties and design of compulsory courses, whereas the second set of questions was more subjective and inquired the opinion of the representatives about mandatory education in clinical medical genetics in their countries and internationally. In addition, full course syllabi were analysed for course aims, learning outcomes, course content, methods for student evaluation and literature.

Results: Detailed analysis was performed for a total of 22 medical faculties in Bosnia and Herzegovina (6), Croatia (4), Montenegro (1), North Macedonia (3), Serbia (6), and Slovenia (2). All but the two medical faculties in Slovenia offer either compulsory courses in basic education in human genetics (16 faculties/courses) or clinical education in medical genetics (3 faculties/courses). On the other hand, only the medical faculty in Montenegro offers both types of education, including one course in basic education in human genetics and one in clinical education in medical genetics. Most of the basic courses in human genetics have similar aims, learning outcomes and content. Conversely, clinical courses in medical genetics are similar concerning study year position, number of contact hours, ECTS (European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System) and contents, but vary considerably regarding aims, learning outcomes, ratio of types of classes, teaching methods and student evaluation.

Conclusion: Our results emphasise the need for future collaboration in reaching a consensus on medical genetics education in Balkan countries with Slavic languages. Further research warrants the analysis of performance of basic courses, as well as introducing clinical courses in medical genetics to higher years of study across Balkan countries.