bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Competing Norms on the Confiscation of Property in the Criminal and Criminal Procedure Legislation of the Republic of Belarus and of the Russian Federation
Authors: Lukashov Alexey , Sheveleva Svetlana
Published: February 2021

The confiscation of property is a conventional measure of criminal law impact, therefore, it is included in different normative interpretations of all European states. The legal regulation of the confiscation of property changed in Belarus on July 19, 2019, when it was excluded from the system of punishments and ceased to be applied as a measure of additional punishment. The legislation preserved special confiscation of property acquired as a result of a crime or connected with committing a crime; at the same time, the scope of its application was broadened to include cases of exemption from criminal liability. Special confiscation is determined as a compulsory measure of criminal law character, and not a criminal law measure. A measure that is similar in its content — the confiscation of property — has been in force in Russia since 2006. The authors of the article describe the dual nature of confiscation provided for in the norms of the Criminal Codes and the Criminal Procedure Codes of both countries, as well as the legal ambiguity of these norms. They analyze the legal positions of the Constitutional and the Supreme Courts of Belarus and Russia on the problem of the correlation and application of competing criminal law and criminal procedure norms on confiscations, as well as the court practice of their application, which is contradictory and lacking in uniformity. They recommend how the above-mentioned norms of the Criminal and the Criminal Procedure Codes of Belarus and Russia could be amended. The authors also identify the positive and negative sides of normative regulation of confiscation in both countries and show how Russia and the Republic of Belarus could draw on the positive experience of one another: they give a positive assessment to the absence of a link between special confiscation of property and concrete articles of the Special Part of criminal legislation, as well as to the possibility of using the analyzed measure in cases of exemption from criminal liability without exoneration in Belarus law; Russian law poses a good example of regulating the possibility of seizing not only the property to be confiscated, but also money and other property whose value is proportionate to the value of the property to be confiscated in cases of its absence. It is proven that only the norms of criminal law could act as grounds for the confiscation of property in the Russian Federation (special confiscation in the Republic of Belarus). Criminal procedure norms should just regulate the procedure of applying the norms of criminal law on the confiscation of property (special confiscation).
Problems of Implementing Standards for the Prevention of Secondary Victimization of Crime Victims in Ukrainian Criminal Procedure Legislation
Authors: Hlynskaia Natalia , Shylo Olha , Verkhoglyad-Herasimenko Olena
Published: February 2021

Criminal procedure standards of preventing secondary victimization are examined through the prism of European documents of advisory nature that contain a number of regulations that establish minimum standards of the rights of victims and the duties of the state to protect them. The authors prove a vital role that criminal procedure legislation plays in the general mechanism of preventing such a negative phenomenon as secondary victimization of a crime victim. Taking into consideration the etymological characteristics of the concept of «standard», the authors formulate a definition of standards for preventing secondary victimization of crime victims and determine their system. It consists of an aggregate of interconnected elements: the state’s compensation to a victim for damage caused by the crime; provision of access to justice for victims and the use of criminal proceedings that are unburdensome for the victims; provision of an opportunity for the victim to actively participate in criminal proceedings; provision of legal, psychological, medical and social help to the victim; guarantee of a right to safety for the victim and their family members; a system of extra guarantees of the rights and interests of vulnerable victims. The article also highlights key discrepancies between Ukrainian legislation and some of the above-mentioned standards and presents ideas on eliminating them. Specifically, the authors pay attention to the necessity of creating a Foundation for the protection of the rights of crime victims, whose main purpose would be the compensation of damages to the victims. As for the use of unburdensome criminal procedures, it is suggested that the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine should include a norm that states that the involvement of a victim in investigation activities that infringe on their rights and lawful interests should be kept to a minimum and should only be carried out when it is necessary for criminal proceedings. It is noted that normative regulation of the time frame for criminal proceedings at their specific stages should be regulated. Besides, there is a necessity for statutory determination of a general prohibition to disclose information on victims of certain types of crimes that would make it possible to identify the victim, etc.
Fluoxetine as an Anti-Inflammatory Therapy in SARS-CoV-2 Infection - Protocol v1.1 v1
Authors: Fortune Creeden Justin , Sajid Imami Ali , M. Eby Hunter , Gillman Cassidy , N. Becker Kathryn , Reigle Jim , Andari Elissar , K Pan Zhixing , M O’Donovan Sinead , E McCullumsmith Robert , B McCullumsmith Cheryl
Published: February 2021

Hyperinflammatory response caused by infections such as Severe Acute Respiratory SyndromeCoronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) increase organ failure, intensive care unit admission, and mortality. Cytokine storm inpatients with Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19) drives this pattern of poor clinical outcomes and is dependent upon the activity of the transcription factor complex nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells(NF-κB) and its downstream target gene interleukin 6 (IL6). In this study, we compare transcriptomic signatures from a variety of drug-treated or genetically suppressed (i.e.knockdown) cell lines in order to identify a mechanism by which antidepressants such as fluoxetine demonstrate non-serotonergic anti-inflammatory effects. Our results demonstrate a critical role for the IL6 signal transduction protein(IL6ST or gp130) in fluoxetine’s ability to act as a potential therapy for hyperinflammatory states such as asthma and sepsis.
QUALITY OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN POLAND IN THE TRANSFORMATION OF EDUCATION POLICY
Authors: Derkach O.
Published: February 2021

The systematic changes in higher education institutions in Poland over the past two decades are analyzed. The classical idea of spontaneous social development and the hypothesis of interaction between formal and informal institutions, developed on the basis of a new institutional educational policy, was adopted as a methodological basis for analyzing and evaluating the transformation of Polish higher education.
Transformations in Polish higher education are part of a more general shift in the role of universities - changes that can limit the independence of research and make it an instrument of dominant social, political and economic forces.
The article states that the process of improving the quality of education cannot be detached from the system of financing education. The quality of education depends on the funding system not only because it is a source of resources, but also because it creates incentives for both students and teachers. The problems in the field of financing higher education in Poland are special because the rapid quantitative development of higher education occurred during a period of deep political transformation in Poland.
The activities of the State Accreditation Commission of Poland are analyzed, its main competences are highlighted. The Polish Accreditation Commission (Polska Komisja Akredytacyjna) is an independent collegiate body of higher education management aimed at improving the quality of education. It is formed by the Minister of Science and Higher Education from among the candidates proposed by the Council of the Conference of Rectors of Higher Education Institutions of Poland, the Conference of Rectors of Polish Professional Educational Institutions of Poland, the Parliament of Students of the Republic of Poland, the Senates of universities and national scientific societies and the organization of employers. The powers of the Commission include providing the Minister of Science and Higher Education with opinions, feedback and conclusions regarding the establishment of the HEI or its organizational unit, permits to study studies in a particular direction at one or another level of education; program and institutional assessment, including pedagogical education. The impact of financing higher education institutions to ensure the quality of higher education is partly considered in the article.
CONDITIONS FOR EFFECTIVE DELEGATION OF POWERS BY THE MANAGER OF A HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION
Authors: Zhylenko N.
Published: February 2021

The article deals with the level of readiness of the manager of the Free Economic Zone to delegate his powers and summarizes the experience of such activities. During the study of the activities of vice-rectors, heads of departments, deans of faculties, directors of institutes, educational and research centers of higher education, it was found that the head (manager), as a subject of management, must be able to analyze the situation, predict strategy, plan tactics to achieve defined goals and organize operational management for their implementation. But most of the respondents approach the solution of this problem at the level of everyday consciousness, do not always understand that management is first of all the ability to organize teamwork. The effectiveness of managerial work in a higher education institution largely depends on the personal characteristics of the head, but a mandatory component of its productivity are competencies that can not be formed without special knowledge. The procedure for election and appointment does not provide for the availability of such knowledge. The manager of an educational institution can hardly influence the level of predictability of tasks that have an external nature, while the professional organization and streamlining of the structure of internal activities provides significant advantages. One of the ways to optimize the structure of the internal activities of the manager and increase its efficiency is the willingness and ability to delegate their powers. This, as part of a well-planned work, gives the manager the greatest reserve of time. Analysis of the practice of successful managers and scientific literature on this issue, allowed to formulate and test recommendations to managers for successful delegation of authority, which involves the use of certain principles of delegation, a clear understanding of the types and scope of work, work that can be delegated; understanding the procedure and procedure for setting goals and setting goals; taking into account the professional capabilities of staff. It is proved that an important condition for effective delegation is the master's mastery of the logic of formulation and the procedure of setting reasonable goals, which should provide a busy rhythm for each employee, taking into account the goals and personal and professional capabilities.
Comparison of Electrical and Vibration Analysis Methods for Mechanical Fault Monitoring in Wind Turbine Drivetrains
Authors: Granjon P , Longhitano P D , Singh A
Published: February 2021

Mechanical faults occurring in drivetrains are traditionally
monitored through vibration analysis and, more rarely,
by analysing electrical quantities measured on the
electromechanical system involved. However, a monitoring
method that is able to take into account all of the information
contained in three-phase electrical quantities was recently
proposed. The goal of this paper is to compare this threephase
electrical approach with the usual vibration-based
method in terms of its capability to detect mechanical faults
in drivetrains. In this context, a 2 MW geared wind turbine
operating in an industrial wind farm was equipped with
accelerometers near the main bearing and electrical sensors
on the stator of the electrical generator for several months.
During this period, an important mechanical fault occurred
in the main bearing of the system. The evolution of the fault
indicators computed by the two previous approaches were
compared throughout this period of time. All of the indicators
behaved similarly and showed the development of an inner
bearing fault in the main bearing. This demonstrated that a
mechanical fault occurring in a drivetrain can be monitored
and detected by analysing electrical quantities, even if the
fault is located some distance from the electrical generator.
Prężność u młodzieży z placówek resocjalizacyjnych i szkół ponadpodstawowych – analiza porównawcza
Authors: Mudrecka Irena
Published: February 2021

Prężność, rozumiana jako właściwość jednostki, która decyduje o umiejętności skutecznego radzenia sobie w sytuacjach trudnych, jest zasobem osobistym sprzyjającym procesowi pozytywnej adaptacji do warunków środowiskowych. Celem przeprowadzonych badań było rozpoznanie prężności nieletnich umieszczonych w placówkach resocjalizacyjnych w porównaniu z prężnością młodzieży nieskonfliktowanej z prawem. W badaniach zastosowano Skalę Pomiaru Prężności autorstwa Niny Ogińskiej-Bulik i Zygfryda Juczyńskiego. Uzyskane wyniki badań potwierdzają, że nieletni charakteryzują się niższym nasileniem prężności niż młodzież ze szkół ponadpodstawowych, zwłaszcza w zakresie dwóch czynników: poczucia humoru i otwartości na nowe doświadczenia oraz kompetencji osobistych i tolerancji negatywnego afektu.
Medical arguments for and against the liberalization of doping
Authors: Manonelles Marqueta Pedro , De Teresa Galván Carlos , Lorente Acosta José Antonio , Rodríguez Sendín Juan José , Romero Agüit Serafín , Terreros Blanco José Luis
Published: February 2021

The use of doping has been banned for almost a century due to the risk involved to the athlete's health. Since then, the crite-rion of prohibiting substances has been reinforced to improve performance, becoming a rarely controversial issue nowadays. However, opinions defending the liberalization of doping has been sometimes given based on various arguments. One of the most common is the impossibility of completely eradicating doping and that this can be safe, from the point of view of health, if it is done by qualified doctors.This paper presents the arguments against the liberalization of doping from a medical point of view, contemplating various aspects.Those related to the use of substances such as: lack of clear criteria for inclusion in the list of prohibited substances and the unclear margin between the use of medication for treatment and for doping. Arguments related to health protection such as: the risk of sport for the athlete, the healthy sport, doping substances have few health risks, the use of medications, allow genetic doping because it is inevitable, risks of self-medication or use of me-dication without a prescription.Arguments related to sports performance such as: Doping products do not improve performance, doping is comparable to other performance improvement techniques, match genetic differences among athletes.And other arguments such as: prohibition favours doping, the control of doping increases the risks of doping itself, the high cost of anti-doping fight or the few anti-doping resources.The proposal for liberalization of doping under medical control is analyzed and discussed as well as the effects of liberalization on children and adolescents. At the end the medical ethical aspects related to doping are presented to conclude with the opposition of the medical profession against doping and its liberalization.
Clinico-radiological spectrum of obstetric patients with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Alexander Neenu , Justin C.
Published: February 2021

Background: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a disorder that is not uncommon in pregnancy induced hypertension. We have studied the clinico radiological profile of such patients to understand history, symptomatology and neuro imaging findings of this entity.Methods: The present study included 20 patients of PRES among the inpatients of a tertiary care hospital in south India from January to March 2020.Results: Mean age 25.0 years. Most common symptoms included seizures and headache followed by vomiting, visual disturbances.9 patients (45%) had parieto-occipital signal changes on neuro imaging. Magnetic imaging resonance (MRI) (n=20) revealed involvement of atypical sites viz. frontal (30%), temporal (20%), cerebellum (20%), basal ganglia (20%), deep white matter (30%) and brainstem (10%).Diffusion restriction was seen in 40% patients.Conclusions: Atypical MRI presentations of PRES are common and there is a need to consider a strong possibility for the diagnosis of PRES.
Study on glenoid component in anatomical total shoulder arthroplasty in Nagapattinam district
Authors: Palanivel A.
Published: February 2021

Background: Depending upon the mechanism of dysfunction or injury a shoulder arthroplasty can either be a partial or total replacement. Shoulder arthroplasty surgery has shown remarkable progress during the last few decades. The objective was to study the effect of prosthesis positioning in reverse shoulder arthroplasty on radiological and clinical outcomes.

Methods: This was a prospective comparative non-randomized study of 37 patients who underwent reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) in Government District Head Quarters Hospital Nagapattinam with a follow-up ranging from March 2018 to January 2019 (11 months).

Results: Grade 1 indicated a notch limited to the scapular pillar, grade 2 reached the inferior screw of the baseplate, grade 3 extended beyond the inferior screw and grade 4 reached the central peg of the baseplate. Glenoid loosening was defined as radiolucencies under the baseplate or around the peg or screws, screw breakage, or glenoid migration.

Conclusions: Outcome measures were improved regardless of the LHO. At 3 months follow-up increased LHO harmed shoulder function and gave more shoulder pain at rest and exertion but did not affect the quality of life, health status, or ROM. At 12 months follow-up, LHO had no relation with the outcome measures. Further studies are warranted to investigate the influence of LHO on long-term prosthetic survival.
Management of fractures of thoraco lumbar spine with pedicle screw fixation
Authors: Palanivel A.
Published: February 2021

Background: Thoraco-lumbar fractures are serious injuries of concern, if left untreated may result in marked morbidity and disability to the patient. To study the efficacy of pedicular screw and rod fixation system (ZETA system) in achieving ‘stabilization’ in thoracic and lumbar fractures of the spine.

Methods: This was a prospective comparative on-randomized study of 20 patients who underwent  pedicle screws and rod fixation in Goverment District headquarters hospital Nagapattinam with a follow-up ranging from September 2018 to December 2018 duration of 4 months. Patient selection was according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and was surgically treated with pedicle screw and rod system (ZETA).

Results: In 75% of the patients, the fractures were reduced by using polyaxial implants and in 25% of the patients both monoaxial and polyaxial implants were used. The average regional angle during the pre-operative stage was 16.50±5.020 and 4.450±4.150 during the 1-year post-operative period. There was a significant difference between pre-op and post-operative regional angles.

Conclusions: There is a very high statistical significant restoration of vertebral body height, mean regional angle, and mean anterior wedge angle with this procedure in thoracolumbar fractures. Neurological recovery was seen significantly when all cases with neurological deficits were clubbed together.
Editorial - Curriculum matters in an extraordinary year
Authors:   University of Canterbury, Abbiss Jane
Published: February 2021

This year, 2020, has been an extraordinary year. It has seen the escalation of COVID-19 to global pandemic status, the Black Lives Matter movement, the Aotearoa New Zealand election in October (delayed by a month due to the COVID-19 pandemic) and the US Presidential election in November. These events highlight a range of issues that are of potential interest to curriculum researchers and scholars and provide fruitful areas for ongoing curriculum research and exploration.
Análise morfológica de narrativas e o uso de redes bayesianas para análise da tipologia do narrador
Authors: Dos Santos Fernandes José Guilherme , Santos Fonseca Isabela , Da Rocha Seruffo Marcos César
Published: February 2021

Tem-se como objetivo determinar as marcas discursivas do narrador, bem como descrever o envolvimento deste com o objeto narrado, partindo-se de uma análise qualitativa, com o modelo de Análise Morfológica de Narrativas, e quantitativa, com o modelo de Redes Bayesianas, considerando como objeto 52 narrativas míticas. Pode-se observar uma tipologia do narrador com base no seu envolvimento com o objeto narrado: o narrador autodiegético envolve-se mais euforicamente, contrariamente ao homodiegético, que não se envolve no mesmo nível, mas mantém uma relação de afetividade com o protagonista; o heterodiegético, por sua vez, é o tipo que mais se distancia, pois é um sujeito que está de fora e por vezes apenas tece sua visão acerca dos fatos, mas ainda sim mantém uma relação eufórica. A depender do caráter do narrador, este pode estabelecer, por meio de seu envolvimento com o objeto, uma determinada veracidade em relação ao que é narrado.
A representação literária de La Malinche no século XX
Authors: Soares da Silva Giacomolli Dóris Helena
Published: February 2021

Esse artigo tem por objetivo analisar as representações de Malinche na literatura do século XX. La Malinche, batizada pelos espanhóis de Marina, chamada de Doña Marina e também Malinalli, tradutora indígena de Hernán Cortés, teve seu nome quase apagado para que os homens que, se valendo do direito do mais forte, tivessem os seus nomes aclamados como conquistadores, para que alcançassem títulos e fossem relembrados em datas comemorativas. Ela foi nomeada por Hernán Cortés em suas Cartas de relación e, principalmente, por Bernal Díaz em Historia verdadera de la conquista de Nueva España. Conclui-se que os escritores estudados do século XX se pautaram pelas fontes primárias e historiografia para representar sua personagem.
Percurso das almas numa apreciação semiótico-discursiva
Authors: Leite Junior José
Published: February 2021

Este artigo apresenta uma abordagem semiótico-discursiva sobre o Auto da Alma, peça de Gil Vicente apresentada à família real portuguesa em 1518. Essa peça teatral, assim como a chamada Trilogia das Barcas, do mesmo dramaturgo, costuma ser considerada uma alegoria da transição da vida física para o plano espiritual. Na análise são consideradas as estratégias de manipulação, segundo Greimas e Courtés (2008) empregadas pelo adjuvante e oponente em seu fazer persuasivo. O estudo também leva em consideração as propostas teórico-metodológicas tanto da semiótica das paixões (GREIMAS e FONTANILLE, 1993), como da semiótica tensiva (FONTANILLE e ZILBERBERG, 2001; ZILBERBERG, 2011). Os achados mais relevantes a análise permitem constatar uma adesão enunciativa aos valores ideológicos do contexto histórico. O discurso é marcado pela correção inversa entre o andamento intenso e acelerado do programa divino e o retardo atenuante e extensivo do contraprograma diabólico. Além disso a Igreja Católica é configurada como espaço de triagem moral e de reiteração da regra e da autoridade.
A poética do conto em Poe e Tchékhov: uma revisão de conceitos
Authors: Malloy Letícia
Published: February 2021

Este estudo objetiva visitar e discutir conceitos e diretrizes de composição compreendidos nas matrizes estéticas do conto moderno, consolidadas por Edgar Allan Poe e Anton Tchékhov no século XIX. Para isso, examinam-se de um lado textos como “A filosofia da composição” e resenhas sobre Twice-Told Tales, de Nathaniel Hawthorne, em que Poe sistematiza aspectos concernentes ao processo de escrita do conto, e, de outro, algumas das missivas redigidas por Tchékhov acerca de seu exercício de composição literária. O estudo se vale, também, de perspectivas teórico-críticas formuladas por Ricardo Piglia (2004) e Charles Kiefer (2011) a respeito do conto moderno.
Malinche: entre o imperialismo espanhol e um novo projeto de nação imaginada para o México
Authors: Da Silva Melo Valdirene Rosa
Published: February 2021

Malinche, publicado em 2006 pela escritora mexicana Laura Esquivel, é uma versão romanceada que une fatos históricos à imaginação na narrativa que descreve a trajetória da índia asteca Malinalli, mais conhecida como Malinche, e o seu controvertido papel como intérprete e tradutora do colonizador espanhol Hernán Cortés no processo de colonização e conquista do México, que culminou com o massacre e extinção da civilização asteca pelo imperialismo espanhol. O objetivo deste trabalho será desenvolver, sob a ótica dos estudos pós-coloniais, uma leitura da obra que se proponha a detectar traços marcantes do imperialismo espanhol, que detentor de vetores de força e poder tenta impor através da barbárie, a cultura, a língua, a religião e os costumes ocidentais para as populações indígenas. Também será proposta uma leitura que leve a uma apreciação da índia Malinalli como um ser dividido entre várias culturas, levando-a a um processo de hibridização cultural que culminaria, dentro de seus questionamentos, a um novo projeto de nação imaginada para o seu povo, e que por força da violência da colonização impetrada pelo colonizador europeu, não pode ser compreendido e posto em prática.
Opressão e libertação na escrita feminina entre os séculos XIX e XXI
Authors: Soares Livia Maria Rosa , Da Silva Ismael Arruda Machado , Chaves Nogueira Vilmaria
Published: February 2021

Este trabalho pretende analisar a representações de gênero na literatura em três séculos diferentes: século XIX, representada pelo conto “A Caolha” de Júlia Lopes de Almeida, século XX por meio do conto “Boa noite, Maria” de Lygia Fagundes Telles e o século XXI, através do conto “Aos sessenta e quatro” de Cíntia Moscovich. Investigaremos de que maneira as autoras redimensionam a representação feminina e propõem novas visões em relação aos estereótipos legitimados ao longo dos anos. Além disso, investigaremos como se (re)desenharam as mudanças discursivas na voz autoral da mulher antes, durante e após os movimentos sociais e culturais que marcaram a busca pela igualdade de direitos e as mudanças advindas com a industrialização, mudanças nas relações de consumo e de trabalho e as formas de exploração e dominação e resistência do mundo pós-moderno. Como fundamentação teórica serão apresentadas as contribuições de Zolin (2006), Duarte (2005), Lauretis (1994), Holanda (2003), Giddens (2002), Hall (2005) entre outros.
Women's place of speech in the literature of Suriname: challenging gender and race paradigms
Authors: Da Costa e Silva Natali Fabiana
Published: February 2021

Suriname is located in the extreme north of South America in a region called Guyana Shield, that includes French Guiana, Republic of Guyana, Suriname and part of Venezuela and northern Brazil. It’s literature is marked by cultural and linguistic ethnic plurality and the thematization of social contradictions. In the case of the literature of Suriname, the narratives that compose this space inscribed in the heterogeneity are populated by characters historically silenced, as enslaved women, workers of the plantations, "bushnengués", among others, but who speak, despite being intermediated by a writer, as representatives of cultures not valued and/or little known. In this sense, this article will discuss two Surinamese historical novels written by Cynthia McLeod,The free negress Elisabeth: prisoner of color (2004) and Tutuba: the girl from the slave-shipLeudsen(2013), addressing, more specifically, how her literature questions the current literary paradigms and discusses the problematic of women’s voices, whose legitimacy is continually put in question.
Prolegômenos sobre mudança linguística
Authors: Cícero França Barbosa Jackson , Hermenegilda Pereira Marli , Silva Henrique Miguel de Lima
Published: February 2021

Desde as abordagens formalistas da língua, o componente referente à mudança é destacado como um fator inerente ao sistema, oportunizando uma certa urgência em termos de revisão de construtos, para que se levem em consideração aspectos relacionados à dinamicidade linguística. Nesse ínterim, nosso estudo reúne princípios básicos que regem noções de mudança linguística a partir de diálogos entre os conceitos da Sociolinguística Variacionista (LABOV, 1972; GONÇALVES, 2002; LUCCHESI, 2004; WEINREICH, LABOV, HERZOG, 2006; MOLLICA & BRAGA, 2008; BAGNO, CASSEB-GALVÃO, 2017; entre outros) e do Funcionalismo Linguístico, de origem norte-americana (HOPPER, 1991, 1998; NEVES, 2004; HOPPER & TRAUGOTT, 1993, 2003, 2005; MARTELOTTA, 2011; entre outros). Objetivamos, assim, contribuir para uma compreensão didática do fenômeno abordado sob diferentes perspectivas. Através de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, em âmbito descritivo, esquematizamos reflexões a partir do quadro teórico-epistemológico da mudança linguística, por via de levantamento das noções preliminares necessárias à compreensão do fenômeno em tela. Esclarecemos que esta investigação não se compromete com análises entre as correntes teóricas, mas com uma reflexão entre os seus pontos de intersecção. Destacamos, ainda, que as referidas áreas consideram a língua um mecanismo de serviço à comunicação, bem como um fenômeno que se encontra em constante transformação, refutando as noções de homogeneidade, estabilidade e autonomia do sistema linguístico
AS TEORIAS E MÉTODOS DA DIMENSÃO TERRITORIAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO RURAL NO BRASIL: UMA ABORDAGEM HISTÓRICA NO FINAL DO SÉCULO XX
Authors: Alcântara Benedito de Queiroz , Lima Ricardo Ângelo Pereira de
Published: February 2021

Este artigo busca analisar o desenvolvimento rural no Brasil, as teorias e métodos da dimensão territorial e de desenvolvimento rural de outros países que influenciaram na construção do pensamento brasileiro, buscando compreender a importância da abordagem territorial e os inúmeros obstáculos para o desenvolvimento nacional. Como objetivo, visa apresentar contribuições teórico-metodológicas que foram elaboradas em diversos países, nas décadas de 1970 a 1990, que tiveram acolhida no Brasil, principalmente nas décadas de 1980 e 1990. Como resultados, busca-se contribuir para a reflexão sobre as dinâmicas territoriais que incidem diretamente nas abordagens dos formuladores de políticas públicas relacionadas ao rural brasileiro.
A Língua dos Karuãnas
Authors: Vilhena Erdeson Dos Santos
Published: February 2021

Este estudo tem como objetivo mostrar alguns aspectos do pensamento indígena a partir da interpretação intercultural do conhecimento sobre a poética indígena (sobre o “fazer bonito”). Nesse sentido, utilizaremos caminhos diferentes para explorarmos a afirmação de que a formalidade, no sentido adotado neste trabalho, está muito ligada às línguas dos karuãna. Tentaremos explicar alguns aspectos da arte verbal Karipuna através do pota do Redemoinho. Para isso, fizemos uma tradução literal de cada uma das palavras. É importante dizer que os potas, em geral, são executados em Galibi Antigo (Kalinã, em outro estágio diacrônico), e misturam palavras de outras línguas. Em seguida, partimos para uma tradução simbólica do pota, onde buscamos fazer a relação entre os personagens e o contexto de uso de cada um dos pota. Outras questões mais gerais mais profundas são desenvolvidas com o pajé, o Senhor Martinho Júnior Damasceno, de 33 anos.
Pota pu Fe Fam Akuxe Vit : Reza para Fazer a Mulher Ter o Filho Mais Rápido
Authors: Nunes Maria Atilda , Forte Maria Zani
Published: February 2021

O objetivo deste trabalho é documentar e comentar os saberes tradicionais verbais (artes verbais) relacionados às formas de possíveis de fazer a mulher ter filho mais rapidamente do povo indígena Galibi-Marworno, os pota pu fe fam akuxe vit. Desenvolvemos uma reflexão sobre a forma e o significado desses textos que têm origem na oralidade. Para isso, utilizamos o instrumental básico de análise da forma de conhecimento do branco (epistemologia Ocidental), que já há muito tempo analisa o que considera ‘textos’ em sua forma e como essa se liga ao seu significado. A intenção é fazer este exercício com os textos analisados e, a partir disso, costurar a teia de significados sobre a forma de pensar indígena (filosofia indígena) que essa amostra de textos pode nos apresentar. Nesse sentido, entendemos as expressões de artes verbais indígenas como veículos do conhecimento tradicional e seu conhecimento pode nos explicar um pouco sobre a visão de mundo e filosofia do pensamento indígena.
Solving problems of radiation and diffraction electromagnetic waves based on integral representations electromagnetic field
Authors: Tabakov Dmitry P. , Morozov Sergey V.
Published: February 2021

Annotation Various forms of integral representations of the electromagnetic field are considered. It is shown that the use of analytically developed integral representations of the electromagnetic field instead of the vector potential method makes it possible to significantly simplify the formulation of the internal and external electrodynamic problem for specific structures. The numerical results of solving problems of radiation and diffraction of electromagnetic waves are presented. It is shown that taking into account the peculiarities of the geometry and using projection functions close to the eigenfunctions of the integral operator of the internal electrodynamic problem for basic elements make it possible to construct effective algorithms for the electrodynamic analysis of metastructures. A mathematical model of a multistage chiral frame is proposed. By the example of a tubular vibrator, the possibility of approximating the solution of an internal electrodynamic problem using eigenfunctions is demonstrated. The prospects for further development of the integral representations of the electromagnetic field method are considered.
How The World Wıll Be In Future After Covıd-19 Pandemıc?
Authors: Ahmed Ishtiaq , Ali Sanwal , Hashmi Beenishakram
Published: February 2021

Pandemics are the global outbreaks of infectious disease which widespread human-to-human infection. In past,  many significant pandemics like Spanish flu, Ebola, SARS, Hong Kong Flu, Zika were reported. The pandemic related crises affect all avenue of life and have been associated with enormous negative impacts on economy, industries, environment, health, social life, national and global security along with significant social and political disruption. This article will explore the effects of pandemic in future by providing a key feature summary with consequent discussion on the expected impacts of COVID pandemic on global economy, social life, global health system, trade, travel, education, food, different industries, global security, and developing trends in future.
Mit Lenau zwischen West und Ost
Authors: Steinecke Hartmut
Published: February 2021

1964 wurde im neutralen Österreich die „Internationale Lenau-Gesellschaft“ gegründet. Bei ihren Tagungen trafen sich Wissenschaftler aus zahlreichen Ländern diesseits und jenseits des ‚Eisernen Vorhangs‘. Die Arbeit an der historisch-kritischen Lenau- Ausgabe führte zu einer intensiven Zusammenarbeit von Germanisten aus der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und der DDR, Österreich, Ungarn und Polen. Berichtet wird von den Mühen und den Erfolgen dieses Grenzen überschreitenden Projekts.
Die Germanistik in Wrocław von ihren Anfängen bis zum Tod von Marian Szyrocki (1945-1992)
Authors: Stroka Anna
Published: February 2021

Der Beitrag vermittelt einen Überblick über die Geschichte germanistischer Forschungen in Wrocław seit dem Jahre 1945. Die Germanistik hatte in der unmittelbaren Nachkriegszeit nicht nur schwierige materielle und personelle Probleme zu bewältigen, sie war auch mit einem wachsenden ideologischen Druck konfrontiert, der im Jahre 1952 in der sozialistischen Hochschulreform gipfelte, in deren Folge die gerade 1945 gegründeten Germanistik-Lehrstühle in Warszawa, Kraków, Łódź, Toruń und Lublin wieder geschlossen wurden. Die Tatsache, dass mit Poznań und Wrocław zwei germanistische Lehrstühle erhalten blieben, bedeutete keinesfalls Wohlwollen von Seiten des polnischen Staates, was auch darin zum Ausdruck kam, dass der erste Ordinarius der polnischen Germanistik in Wrocław erst im Jahre 1962 berufen wurde. Dargestellt werden mit Jan Piprek, Zdzisław Żygulski, Marian Szyrocki, Mieczysław Urbanowicz, Norbert Morciniec, Gerard Koziełek, Konrad Gajek, Norbert Honsza u. a. Forscherpersönlichkeiten, die die Institutsentwicklung maßgeblich mitgeprägt haben. Gezeigt werden die Anfänge der seit Ende der 50er Jahre möglichen institutionellen Zusammenarbeit zwischen deutschen und polnischen Germanisten sowie die Hauptforschungsinteressen der Germanistik in Wrocław, wie sie aus den Publikationen der letzten sechzig Jahre ablesbar sind.
Die Mauer, die man immer wieder überwinden konnte. Aus den Erfahrungen und den Erinnerungen eines polnischen Germanisten
Authors: Światłowski Zbigniew
Published: February 2021

Die Grundthese des nachfolgenden Textes besagt, dass der polnischen Germanistik in den letzten zwei Dekaden des ‚realsozialistischen‘ Systems im Grunde genommen (die freilich vorhandenen Einschränkungen und immer wieder vorkommenden Ausnahmen sollen keineswegs geleugnet werden) große Freiheitsräume von diesem System zugestanden wurden. Diese seine Grundthese exemplifiziert der Verfasser an Erfahrungen, die ihm selbst zuteil wurden. Sie sind insoweit aussagekräftig, als der Autor schon seit 1968 in der polnischen Germanistik als Forscher, Essayist und Rezensent tätig war.
„Es ist für Augenblicke, als würde die Schale der Erde unter einem zu Kristall...“ – ‚Plötzlichkeit‘ als Konturierung des Augenblicks in Hugo von Hofmannsthals Aufzeichnungen und Tagebüchern
Authors: Sommerfeld Beate
Published: February 2021

Hugo von Hofmannsthal führt in den Aufzeichnungen eine intensive Auseinandersetzung mit dem Augenblick des Ästhetizismus, dessen Formlosigkeit als künstlerisches Gestaltungsproblem begriffen wird. Er versucht, dem ungreifbar vorüberziehenden Zeitpunkt auf mehrerlei Art und Weise eine prägnantere Augenblicksvorstellung entgegenzusetzen. Die in Aufzeichnungen und Tagebüchern formulierten Reflexionen über die aus dem zeitlichen Kontinuum herausgehobenen Momente mit epiphaner Struktur, in denen der Kontakt mit den Dingen der Außenwelt die Ganzheit des Lebens aufschimmern lässt, korrespondieren mit den in Ein Brief oder dem Gespräch über Gedichte dargelegten Überlegungen. In Hofmannsthals Aufzeichnungen und Tagebüchern erscheint der Augenblick vorwiegend als aphoristisch zugespitzte Reflexion. In den Tagebüchern werden in einigen Eintragungen Augenblicke mit epiphanem Charakter als erlebt geschildert, wobei der Augenblick zum Element narrativer Strukturierung wird. Sie sind der Ausgangspunkt einer literarischen Gestaltung des im Sinne Nietzsches emphatisch verstandenen, nur in Augenblicken erfahrbaren ‚Lebens‘, in denen das Subjekt seine Identität auf dem Wege der Entgrenzung wiedergewinnt. Insofern scheint es sinnvoll, sich bei der Analyse der Hofmannsthalschen Tagebücher innerhalb der Terminologie Karl Heinz Bohrers zu bewegen. Der Augenblick als Moment plötzlichen Erschreckens scheint für Hofmannsthals Schreibpraxis besonders produktiv zu sein. Gerade dieses reine, die Gattungsgrenzen aufsprengende und literarisch schwer zu vermittelnde Erlebnis stellt für den Autor eine Herausforderung dar, wie Bohrer bereits für die Erzählungen Hofmannsthals nachgewiesen hat. Auch in Gedichten wie Erlebnis steht die literarische Gestaltung des Schreckens über die eigene Haltlosigkeit angesichts einer nicht mehr zu erfassenden Lebenskontinuität im Vordergrund. Der Augenblick als Blick auf die Dinge der Außenwelt – auch der Blick auf sich selbst von außen – vermittelt den Schrecken des vom ‚Leben‘ abgetrennten, außerhalb Stehenden, der ‚Leben‘ nur noch als Abwesenheit von Kontinuität und an den äußersten Grenzen sprachlicher Vermittlung erfahren kann.
Rilkes Todesauffasung
Authors: Surowska Barbara
Published: February 2021

Die Autorin untersucht die Überlegungen Rilkes zum Problem des Sterbens und des Todes vom Frühwerk bis zu seinen letzten Aufzeichnungen.
Gesprochene Sprache und philologische Sprachausbildung – Folgerungen aus einer Fallstudie zur Standortbestimmung gesprochener Sprache im Germanistikstudium
Authors: Pieklarz Magdalena
Published: February 2021

Dieser Beitrag behandelt generelle Fragen und Probleme der Didaktik und des Erwerbs gesprochener Sprache in der philologischen Sprachausbildung. Die Ausführungen und Erfahrungen beziehen sich dabei auf die Sprachdidaktik und -praxis in der Auslandsgermanistik. Es ist oft zu beobachten, dass die gesprochene Sprache in der philologischen Sprachausbildung zu sehr im Hintergrund steht. Sie wird in sprachpraktischen Lehrveranstaltungen sowie im akademischen Diskurs weitgehend ver nachlässigt, was Konsequenzen in Bezug auf die Sprachausbildung der Studenten nach sich zieht, die die deutsche Sprache nicht, wie das zumeist bei der Inlandsgermanistik der Fall ist, als Muttersprache sprechen. Im Folgenden werden mehrere Beispiele für die Dominanz der Schrift und ihre Folgen für die Entwicklung der Sprechkompetenz angeführt. Es wird versucht, den Status der gesprochenen Sprache im Kontext der Auslandsgermanistik zu erörtern.
Informationen und Berichte
Authors: Kohl Yvonne , Patri Kai Hendrik , Popien Astrid , Kęsicka Karolina , Sommerfeld Beate
Published: February 2021

„‚Keine Kultur kann auf Dauer von eigener Substanz leben.‘ Günter Grass als Botschafter der Multikulturalität“. Łόdź, 23.-26.10.2008

„Identitätskonstruktionen in fiktionalen und nicht-fiktionalen Texten. Übersetzung und Rezeption“. Translationskolloquium in Poznań, 3.-5.11.2008
Transferable blaCTX-M Carrying Multidrug Resistant Escherichia coli from Pig Population of North Eastern Region of India
Authors: Mandakini Rajkumari , Dutta T.K. , Roychoudhury P. , Subudhi P.K. , Samanta I. , Bandopaddhay S. , Das G. , Samanta A.K.
Published: February 2021

Background: We investigated the occurrence of blaCTX-M carrying extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli in pigs from 8 North-eastern states of India with special emphasis on the transferability of ESBL gene from resistant E. coli strains to the susceptible Salmonella strains by in vitro and in vivo. Methods: Fecal samples (n=790) were collected from pigs reared under organized and unorganized farming set up of entire North-eastern region of India. All the samples were processed for isolation and identification of E. coli. All the isolates were subjected to antimicrobial sensitivity assay by disc diffusion method followed by determination of ESBLs producing ability by double disc synergy test (DDST). All the ESBLs producing isolates were screened for blaCTX-M gene by PCR using specific primers. The representative blaCTX-M gene positive isolates were used as donor to determine the ability to transfer of resistance gene in Salmonella by in vitro and in vivo assays with and without antibiotic selection pressure. Result: A total of 2,291 E. coli was isolated, of which 1113 and 1178 were from organized and unorganized farms, respectively. Majority of the isolates were multi-drug resistant with highest resistance against amoxicillin (84.81%) followed by cefalexin (77.17%), sulphafurazole (56.79%), piperacillin (46.40%), tetracycline (38.29%) and cefexime (35.66%). Isolates from unorganized farms showed higher resistance than the isolates recovered from organized farms. A total of 654 (28.55%) isolates were confirmed as ESBL producers by double disc synergy test (DDST) method, of which 65 (2.84%) isolates were positive for blaCTX-M gene. Genotypically, isolates with specific amino acids substitution revealed variation in their antibiotic susceptibility by phenotypic method. blaCTX-M gene could be successfully transferred horizontally from E. coli (donor) to Salmonella (recipient) by in vitro (3.6±2.07x10-8 to 4.4±2.88x10-8 transconjugate per donor) and in vivo method. By in vivo method in pig model, the frequency of transfer was higher under the antibiotic selection pressure (6.6±3.05x10-5 to 7.2±1.92x10-5 trans-conjugants per donor) than without antibiotic pressure (5.6±2.3x10-4 to 6.8±3.35x10-4 trans-conjugants per donor).
Prevención del golpe de ariete mediante el control del tiempo de cierre, al usar válvulas hidráulicas automatizadas
Authors: Guevara-Rodríguez Gregory , Vargas-Obando Adrian , Quesada-Chanto Juan Ignacio
Published: February 2021

Uno de los grandes retos que enfrentamos, al calibrar sistemas automáticos en riego y acueductos, es que la velocidad de los activadores eléctricos es muy rápida, lo que reduce  la velocidad de respuesta de las válvulas en términos de apertura y cierre a algunos cuantos segundos. Estos cierres repentinos en la línea de conducción provocan ondas en el interior de la tubería que producen sobrepresiones que pueden generar daños en nuestro acueducto. El presente trabajo ofrece un enfoque alternativo al control y prevención del golpe de ariete, al analizar la relación entre el tiempo de cierre de una válvula en una conducción con pendiente positiva, el respectivo aumento en la línea piozométrica y cómo se puede regular esto mediante la calibración de la velocidad de cierre en el llenado de la cámara superior de las válvulas hidráulicas. Para la comprobación de los resultados, se muestra el caso de un proyecto de invernaderos, hidropónico, que opera con riegos automáticos, donde el tiempo de apertura y cierre de válvulas fue calibrado mediante el control del llenado de las cámaras de las válvulas.
Biología sintética en la ingenierización de rutas metabólicas de microorganismos para la obtención de compuestos de interés para la industria alimentaria
Authors: Ortuño-Fajardo María Paula , Chacón-Halabi Jose Rodolfo , Flores-Espinoza María Paula , Aguilar-Bravo Roger
Published: February 2021

La ingeniería de rutas metabólicas, por medio de la biología sintética, se ha convertido en una herramienta de suma importancia para la industria alimentaria, debido a que se busca la optimización de procesos y obtención de compuestos ya existentes. Es posible producir compuestos que son altamente codiciados por el mercado, como enzimas que participan en procesos de fermentación o síntesis de productos de alta demanda, o saborizantes obtenidos de forma natural a partir de microorganismos modificados. Dicha edición genética se ha logrado mediante las técnicas desarrolladas en la rama de la biología sintética a lo largo de los años, como, por ejemplo, el ensamblaje de constructos genéticos y de CRISPR y ARN, mensajeros sintéticos. Estas técnicas son utilizadas para aumentar la productividad de un compuesto de interés en un microorganismo. No obstante, es necesario tomar en cuenta que no todos los microorganismos tienen las herramientas genéticas para realizar las modificaciones post-traduccionales necesarias para otorgar funcionalidad a una enzima o proteína, y que con una ruta metabólica de novo pueden producirse también compuestos e intermediarios tóxicos para el hospedero elegido. Particularmente, en la industria alimentaria es común la elección de microorganismos huéspedes que se consideren seguros para el consumo humano (GRAS) como  las bacterias ácido-lácticas (LAB) y, más recientemente, las levaduras del género Saccharomyces.