bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Occurrence of the genusMonhystrella (Nematoda: Monhysteridae) in continental aquatic reservoirs and first description of the male of Monhystrella hoogewijsi
Authors: Lucena Bruna Kelly Pinheiro , da Silva Maria Cristina , Manoel Alex , de Castro Francisco José Victor
Published: September 2021

The order Monhysterida is highly important to freshwater environments, containing a number of genera noted for their ability to endure extreme environmental conditions, such as those found in semi‐arid regions. The genus Monhystrella is often cited in references to these regions. The present study was performed in six reservoirs in a semi‐arid region of Brazil, employing collection and identification techniques commonly used for the phylum Nematoda. Sixteen genera pertaining to the phylum were detected, although only Monhystrella was found in all the reservoirs, with a monospecific population of Monhystrella hoogewijsi identified in Olivedos Reservoir. The present study contains the first record of this genus and species in Brazil, as well as the first‐ever description of the male of the species. The main morphometric variations were a longer tail and smaller amphidial fovea of females from the Brazilian semi‐arid region. The differences in morphometric measurements and the description of the male specimen expand current descriptions and levels of knowledge regarding this species.
Study of phytoplankton flora and its use as a biomonitoring tool to determine the water quality of Krishnasayar Lake, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
Authors: Pore Sudhrita , Ghosh Subhabrata , Zalat Abdelfattah Ali , Keshri Jai Prakash
Published: September 2021

The present study focused on biomonitoring approaches involving the phytoplankton composition, density and diversity, and their relationships, with changes in environmental variables, and to determine the pollution status of Krishnasayar Lake in the Burdwan District of West Bengal, India. A total of 29 phytoplankton taxa belonging to Chlorophyceae (13), Cyanophyceae (9), Bacillariophyceae (5) and Euglenophyceae (2) were observed. The phytoplankton density exhibited a maximum value of 12,633 cells/litre in the post‐monsoon season and a minimum value of 7,266 cells/litre in the pre‐monsoon season. The results of two multivariate proficiencies (cluster analysis; CCA) indicated the distribution of phytoplankton groups are influenced by pH, electrical conductivity, and the nitrate, phosphate, potassium and dissolved oxygen concentrations. Various diversity indices, including the Shannon–Wiener Diversity Index, Gleason Species Richness Index, Pielou Evenness Index and Naughton Dominance Index, were explored to illustrate the seasonal phytoplankton fluctuations. The Shannon–Wiener Diversity Index values (2.524, 2.331 and 2.666, respectively, for the pre‐monsoon, monsoon and post‐monsoon seasons) indicate the moderation level of pollution status of the lake. The present study also highlights biomonitoring is a reasonable technique for establishing ecological conditions of lakes by considering the organisms within them, including planktonic algae, macrophytes, benthic macroinvertebrates, crustaceans and fishes on the basis of a single indicator species or a combination thereof. The present study used planktonic algae to determine changes in surrounding environmental conditions. As some of the studied phytoplankton species exhibit specific ecological preferences, their presence can indicate the health of that system. As examples, Coelastrum microporum, Pandorina morum and Euglena viridis indicate high levels of organic pollution. Krishnasayar Lake is integrated with the Krishnasayar ecological park, being affected by large levels of anthropogenic disturbance attributable mostly to uncontrolled and careless activities of some visitors, annual cultural activities, other programmes, etc., meaning relevant management activities are needed to protect the lake from further degradation.
Littoral zooplankton diversity in Himayat Sagar Reservoir, Telangana, India
Authors: Karuthapandi Madasamy , Jaiswal Deepa
Published: September 2021

The present study investigated zooplankton composition and diversity, along with physicochemical parameters from the littoral regions of Himayat Sagar Reservoir, Telangana, India. A total of 84 zooplankton species were found, including 60 rotifer species, 16 cladoceran species and eight copepod species. Keratella tropica, Lecane bulla, Coronatella rectangula and Mesocyclops sp. were observed frequently throught the study period. The Shannon Diversity Index ranged between H′ = 1.8 and 2.1, with a high diversity observed during the summer season. Dominance was greater during the monsoon and winter seasons, being represented by Brachionus calyciflorus, B. angularis, B. falcatus, Keratella tropica, Ceriodaphnia cornuta, Diaphanosoma sarsi and Mesocyclops sp. Correlation coefficients and principal component analysis indicated temperature, pH and nutrients had a major influence on zooplankton community changes in this reservoir. The environmental variables and diversity indices indicated seasonally fluctuating trophic conditions. Himayat Sagar Reservoir requires long‐term monitoring for assessment and better management of its faunal diversity and water quality.
A GIS‐based approach for delineating suitable areas for cage fish culture in a lake
Authors: Mulanda Aura Christopher , Musa Safina , Nyamweya Chrisphine S. , Ogari Zachary , Njiru James M. , Hamilton Stuart E. , May Linda
Published: September 2021

We present a GIS‐based approach to the delineation of areas that have different levels of suitability for use as tilapia cage culture sites the Kenyan part of Lake Victoria, Africa. The study area was 4,100 km2. The method uses high‐resolution bathymetric data, newly collected water quality data from all major fishing grounds and cage culture sites, and existing spatial information from previous studies. The parameters considered are water depth, water temperature, levels of dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll‐aconcentrations, distances to the lake shoreline and proximity to other constraints on cage culture development. The results indicated that the area most suitable for fish cages comprised about 362 km2, or approximately 9% of the total area; the remaining 91% (i.e., 3,737 km2) was found to be unsuitable for tilapia cage culture. We conclude that the successful implementation of this approach would need stakeholder involvement in the validation and approval of potential sites, and in the incorporation of lake zoning into spatial planning policy and the regulations that support sustainable use while minimising resource use conflicts. The results of this study have broader applicability to the whole of Lake Victoria, other African Great Lakes, and any lakes in the world where tilapia cage culture already occurs or may occur in the future.
Is siltation affecting the limnology and gradually eroding the functions of Agba reservoir, Ilorin, Nigeria?—An old tropical African drinking water reservoir
Authors: Mustapha Moshood Keke , Abodunrin Ibukunoluwa Adesola
Published: September 2021

Siltation changes the limnological properties of water and is the most challenging of all reservoir problems. It impairs water quality, quantity and fauna assemblages, thereby eroding the functions of a reservoir. Siltation in Agba reservoir, Ilorin, Nigeria, was assessed using various physicochemical and biotic parameters. There was significant reduction (p < .05) in depth compared with original depth of the reservoir. Transparency was low, and turbidity was high especially during the rainy season; pH was slightly alkaline and water hardness is soft. Alkalinity ranged between 88 and 90 mg/L, nitrate and nitrite were low, and sulphate was high. Dissolved oxygen (DO) and biological oxygen demand (BOD) varied between 4.73–5.08 mg/L and 2.25–2.40 mg/L, while electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids ranged between 62.19and 62.72 µS/cm and 41.68 and 42.02 mg/L, respectively. Significant (p < .05) negative correlations were recorded between turbidity and transparency, turbidity and DO, while significant (p < .05) positive correlations were found between turbidity and BOD, turbidity and sulphate. Phytoplankton, zooplankton and fish assemblages were few with only 12 genera of phytoplankton, 10 genera of zooplankton and six species of fish recorded. Siltation of the reservoir was due to anthropogenic activities in the watershed, which gave rise to high turbidity, low transparency, reduction in depth and storage capacity. Low species assemblages of phytoplankton, zooplankton and fish were due to siltation in the reservoir. Siltation is gradually eroding the aesthetic value, tourism, drinking and fisheries functions of the reservoir and in a few years, if not controlled, the reservoir could be turned into a marsh. Siltation in the reservoir can be controlled through watershed management by soil erosion control, stopping anthropogenic activities which bring in sediments, bypassing the reservoir to create sediment basin or dike, sluicing, dredging, flushing, excavation and hydrosuction. If all these management fail, it will be appropriate to decommission the reservoir.
Constraints on the petrologic history of gabbroic shergottite Northwest Africa 6963 from pyroxene zoning profiles and electron backscattered diffraction
Authors: Wenzel Andrea , Filiberto Justin , Stephen Natasha , Schwenzer Susanne P. , Hammond Samantha J.
Published: September 2021

Northwest Africa 6963 (NWA 6963) is a coarse‐grained, gabbroic Martian meteorite that further extends our Martian sample collection, both compositionally and texturally. Gabbroic shergottite NWA 6963 provides direct petrologic evidence of intrusive igneous conditions within the Martian crust. Here, we analyzed geochemical zoning profiles and microstructural‐crystallographic information from electron backscattered diffraction of augite and pigeonite to constrain the crystallization history of NWA 6963. Compositional zoning profiles reveal pyroxenes with augite or pigeonite cores mantled by Fe‐rich pigeonite rims. Our results suggest complex pyroxene textures and zoning profiles observed in pyroxenes in NWA 6963 are due to pyroxene accumulation from a crystallizing magma in a large intrusive environment (sill or magma chamber); however, without geologic context or companion samples, it is currently impossible to rule out accumulation at the base of a very large (>>100 m) differentiated flow.
Assessment of dietary habits in inflammatory bowel disease patients: A cross‐sectional study from Poland
Authors: Sienkiewicz Michał , Szymańska Patrycja , Maciejewska Oliwia , Niewiadomska Justyna , Wiśniewska‐Jarosińska Maria , Fichna Jakub
Published: September 2021

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has a negative impact on patients’ quality of life and affects their dietary habits. In this cross‐sectional study, we focused on the overall variety of food products consumed by IBD patients compared to a group of age‐ and sex‐matched controls; we also investigated the self‐reported, most frequently consumed and most avoided foods in relation to anticipated aggravation of IBD symptoms. We recruited 73 IBD patients from Lodz, Poland (56% with Crohn's disease [CD], 44% with ulcerative colitis [UC]); average duration of IBD 118 ± 78 months and 103 healthy volunteers aged 13–59 years, of whom 52 (72% female, 28% male) and 76 (65% female and 35% male), respectively, were enrolled for further analysis. Using a 186‐item food frequency questionnaire, we found that the overall reported frequency of food products consumed was lower in IBD patients than in the controls. Patients with IBD reported eating fruits (median: 1.33 vs. 1.86, p = 0.003), vegetables (1.22 vs. 2.06, p < 0.001), wholegrain products (0.63 vs. 1.25, p < 0.001), eggs (1.52 vs. 2.11, p < 0.001), milk and dairy products (1.06 vs. 1.81, p < 0.001), plant oils (1.17 vs. 1.49, p = 0.043), nuts and seeds (0.75 vs. 1.47, p < 0.001), spicy foods (0.81 vs. 1.68, p < 0.001) and confectionery products (1.67 vs. 2.20, p = 0.013), as well as beverages such as coffee (1.38 vs. 2.15, p = 0.005), carbonated drinks (0.85 vs. 1.39, p = 0.007) and alcohol (0.61 vs. 1.02, p = 0.003) less frequently compared to the control group. In contrast, they reported consuming refined grain products (1.72 vs. 1.34, p = 0.004) and animal fats (1.62 vs. 1.28, p = 0.046) more frequently than the control group. When comparing the consumption frequency of the most avoided foods within the IBD group with self‐reported actual gastrointestinal symptoms within the past 3 months, a statistically significant positive association was noted only between milk consumption and the occurrence of diarrhoea in patients with IBD. This analysis is one of few studies to evaluate dietary patterns in IBD patients and to indicate the most frequently consumed and the most avoided foods.
Spread of vimentin‐immunoreactive cells within the plaque‐like lesion in the spinal anterior horn of a patient with post‐poliomyelitis syndrome
Authors: Hineno Akiyo , Oyanagi Kiyomitsu , Yoshida Takuhiro , Sakai Yasuhiro , Kanno Hiroyuki , Sekijima Yoshiki
Published: September 2021

A Japanese man in the present study experienced acute weakness in his right leg as a two year old. The strength in his leg gradually recovered and developed, and he could play golf and climb mountains up to around the age of 50. From approximately 55 years of age, he became unable to stand up from a stooped position. Muscle weakness and atrophy spread to his right arm, and an electromyography revealed a neurogenic pattern in his lower and upper extremities. The patient was diagnosed as having post‐poliomyelitis syndrome (PPS). Numbness in both the legs and pain in the buttocks occurred after 60 years of age. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging at that time revealed spondylosis and protrusion of an osteophye in lower thoracic vertebrae compressing the second lumbar segment of the spinal cord. He died of malignant lymphoma and acute interstitial pneumonia at 80 years of age. Pathological examination revealed transverse myelopathy at the second lumbar segment of the spinal cord and total necrosis. The anterior horn and the intermediate zone of the third and fourth lumbar segments of the spinal cord on the right side were atrophic and diffusely gliotic. An oval‐shaped plaque‐like lesion was observed in the right anterior horn at the third and fourth lumbar segments of the spinal cord. Neurons and synaptophysin immunoreactivity had completely disappeared in the plaque‐like lesion. A striking spread of vimentin‐immunoreactive cells was found corresponding to the lesion, while glial fibrillary acidic protein‐immunoreactive astrocytes existed evenly in the anterior horn and intermediate zone on both sides of the third and fourth lumber segments of the spinal cord. Virological examination using the autopsied materials was negative for poliovirus. Neither transactivation response DNA‐binding protein of 43 kDa‐immunoreactive inclusion nor Bunina body was seen in the spinal cord. The present paper demonstrates new findings of a noteworthy response of the vimentin‐immunoreactive cells within the peculiar “plaque‐like lesion” in the PPS.
Living alone and using social media technologies: The experience of Filipino older adults during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Castillo Joana Mariz C. , Garcia Laurence L. , Abalos Evalyn , Locsin Rozzano C.
Published: September 2021

Prolonged implementation of lockdowns during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has resulted in older adults living alone in social isolation. The purpose of the study was to describe the meaning of the experience of Filipino older adults, who are living alone and using social media technologies during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Eight participants who met the inclusion criteria were interviewed using the snowball selection technique. Transcribed interviews were read while also listening to the recorded interviews and highlighting significant words, phrases, and statements. An iterative process of analysis using van Manen's phenomenological approach identified thematic structures and categories revealing life‐worlds of corporeality, relationality, temporality, spatiality, and materiality. The five general essences of flourishing, communicating, struggling, journeying and empowering, described the meaning of living alone and using social media technologies among older adults during the pandemic. The experience was expressed as “flourishing despite struggling to communicate, while journeying and empowering oneself and others.” Older adults in isolation struggled to communicate with others however, with social technologies opportunities were opened for them in securing needed food, safety and security, maintaining their health, and their social connectedness. Despite the physical isolation and living arrangements during the pandemic, the use of social media technologies sustained older persons' well‐being.
Inhibition of gibberellin accumulation by water deficiency promotes fast and long‐term ‘drought avoidance’ responses in tomato
Authors: Shohat Hagai , Cheriker Hadar , Kilambi Himabindu Vasuki , Illouz Eliaz Natanella , Blum Shula , Amsellem Ziva , Tarkowská Danuše , Aharoni Asaph , Eshed Yuval , Weiss David
Published: September 2021

Plants reduce transpiration to avoid dehydration during drought episodes by stomatal closure and inhibition of canopy growth. Previous studies have suggested that low gibberellin (GA) activity promotes these ‘drought avoidance’ responses.

Using genome editing, molecular, physiological and hormone analyses, we examined if drought regulates GA metabolism in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) guard cells and leaves, and studied how this affects water loss.

Water deficiency inhibited the expression of the GA biosynthesis genes GA20 oxidase1 (GA20ox1) and GA20ox2 and induced the GA deactivating gene GA2ox7 in guard cells and leaf tissue, resulting in reduced levels of bioactive GAs. These effects were mediated by abscisic acid‐dependent and abscisic acid‐independent pathways, and by the transcription factor TINY1. The loss of GA2ox7 attenuated stomatal response to water deficiency and during soil dehydration, ga2ox7 plants closed their stomata later, and wilted faster than wild‐type (WT) M82 cv. Mutations in GA20ox1 and GA20ox2, had no effect on stomatal closure, but reduced water loss due to the mutants’ smaller canopy areas.

The results suggested that drought‐induced GA deactivation in guard cells, contributes to stomatal closure at the early stages of soil dehydration, whereas inhibition of GA synthesis in leaves suppresses canopy growth and restricts transpiration area.
Thiamine deficiency in Gambian women of reproductive age
Authors: Bourassa Megan W. , Gomes Filomena , Jones Kerry S. , Koulman Albert , Prentice Andrew M. , Cerami Carla
Published: September 2021

Thiamine deficiency disorders are associated with a variety of clinical symptoms affecting the nervous and cardiovascular systems. There is growing recognition that thiamine deficiency can occur in populations well beyond the classical region of South Asia, and at‐risk populations include those who receive a large proportion of their energy from polished white rice (or other low‐thiamine staple foods) and with low dietary diversity. Reports of thiamine deficiency in West Africa over the last century have suggested that this has historically been an issue in this population, but in more recent decades, these reports have been limited to prison populations. To understand if thiamine deficiency might be an unrecognized problem in the communities of this region, erythrocyte samples collected during the wet and dry seasons from 226 women of reproductive age (mean age = 28 years old) were assessed for thiamine status by measuring the erythrocyte transketolase activity coefficient (ETKac). Overall, 35.8% of the sample was at high risk of thiamine deficiency (ETKac ≥ 1.25). Risk of thiamine deficiency was significantly higher in the wet (47.9%) compared with the dry season (22.9%) (P < 0.001). To our knowledge, this is the first report of biochemical thiamine deficiency in a free‐living population in West Africa in the 21st century and suggests that further investigation is warranted.
The relationship between dietary elimination and maternal psychopathology in breastfeeding mothers of infants with food allergy
Authors: Yilmaz Ozlem , Kacar Anıl Safak , Gogebakan Emre , Can Ceren , Necef Isil , Mutluer Tuba , Uslu Kizilkan Nuray , Taskiran Ali Sarper , Sackesen Cansin
Published: September 2021

Background

There has been no study evaluating the psychopathology in breastfeeding mothers of infants with food allergy (FA).

Objective

The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between dietary elimination and maternal psychopathology, specifically anxiety, depression, and mother‐to‐infant bonding, in breastfeeding mothers of infants with food allergy.

Methods

Breastfeeding mothers following an elimination diet due to FA in their children aged 1‐to‐12 months were compared with the healthy controls. The physician‐diagnosed FA group was divided into IgE‐, non‐IgE‐mediated, and infants with some minor symptoms which were not enough to make the diagnosis of FA were classified as Indecisive symptoms for FA group. Mothers completed standardized questionnaires including Symptom Checklist 90R, Beck Depression/Anxiety Inventories (BDI/BAI), Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (Bonding).

Results

Of 179 mother and infants, 64 were healthy, 89 were FA, 16 were indecisive symptoms for FA. The mean age of the mothers and infants were 31.1 ± 4.7 years and 6.3 ± 3.6 months, respectively. The physician‐diagnosed FA groups had higher scores for anxiety (p = .008), anger (p = .042), depression (p < .001), obsession (p = .002), phobia (p = .008), somatization (p = .002), general symptom index (GSI) (p = .001), BDI (p < .001), BAI (p = .008), and Bonding (attachment [p = .001], anger [p = .019], and total [p = .036]) than the healthy ones. The indecisive symptoms for FA group had a similar score pattern to physician‐diagnosed FA, except interpersonal sensitivity, BDI, and attachment.

Conclusion

Breastfeeding mothers of infants with FA were more anxious, with higher depression scores than controls, and had many psychopathologies which affected bonding. Interventions targeting negativity in caregivers' social relationships are urgently needed.
Reactive infectious mucocutaneous eruption in children diagnosed with COVID‐19
Authors: Bowe Stephanie , O’Connor Cathal , Gleeson Catherine , Murphy Michelle
Published: September 2021

We describe the cases of two immunocompetent children who developed mucositis with oral, ocular, and genital involvement during acute COVID‐19 illness. The pattern of mucosal involvement with no other cutaneous involvement was consistent with reactive infectious mucocutaneous eruption (RIME). No other intercurrent infections or new medications were identified, suggesting that COVID‐19 was causative. Both patients noted improvement with systemic corticosteroid therapy.
CEO Tenure and Recall Risk Management in the Consumer Products Industry
Authors: Mayo Kevin , Ball George , Mills Alex
Published: September 2021

Firms dread product recalls. Consequently, firm leaders may take steps to avoid recalls when possible, or to avoid the blame for them when there is someone else to blame. We analyze how the appointment of a new chief executive officer (CEO) for a firm in the consumer product industry influences the hazard of subsequent recalls initiated by that firm. Using 25 years of consumer product industry data, including 125 publicly traded firms that experienced 307 new CEOs and 584 voluntary recalls from 1992 to 2016, we find a unique recall pattern following new CEO appointments. The hazard of a recall is high immediately following a new CEO appointment, and then decreases significantly until the next CEO is appointed. We contend that the high hazard of a recall early in CEO tenure may be due to the attribution of blame to the prior CEO. We find evidence to support this contention by showing that the increase in recalls is even higher when the prior CEO was forced out. We also propose that the low hazard of a recall later in CEO tenure may be explained by recalls that can be more easily hidden, allowing them to go unannounced. We find evidence supporting this contention by showing that the decrease in recalls late in a CEO's tenure is stronger when recalls are more discretionary. We conclude with one firm governance recommendation and four regulatory policy recommendations for the Consumer Product Safety Commission.
Ecology of pitaya stem rot caused by Gilbertella persicaria and its biological control by phyllosphere bacteria
Authors: Taba Satoshi , Miyahira Nao , Nakazato Mioto , Suzuki Misaki , Suwa Ryuichi , Sekine Ken‐Taro
Published: September 2021

Gilbertella persicaria stem rot is a disease that causes rotting in the stem nodules and fruits of pitaya. Here, we aimed to study the ecology of G. persicaria and its biological control using several Bacillus subtilis strains isolated from the phyllosphere. Sporangiospores of G. persicaria were detected on different parts of the plant, with maximum density (c.239.9 propagules/cm2) found on the petals after flowering, and spore germination was observed to be considerably affected by humidity. Furthermore, the study revealed that an incision wound of at least 2 mm depth was necessary for infection by the pathogen to the stem nodule, and exposure to high temperatures (50°C) accelerated disease incidence, by disrupting resistance to the spread of the pathogen. Additionally, biological control of G. persicaria was effectively achieved by inoculation with B. subtilis strains isolated from pitaya stem nodules. Intriguingly, treatment with antagonistic bacteria reduced stem rot incidence to zero (bacterial suspension: PNB‐5, PNB‐7, and PNB‐93; culture filtrate: PNB‐7, PNB‐93, and PNB‐95), equivalent to that achieved by fungicide application in both prophylactic and simultaneous treatments. Collectively, this is the first study to demonstrate the ecology of G. persicaria and to show the potential applicability of phyllosphere bacterial strains for biological control of G. persicaria in pitaya, which could help develop effective integrated disease management strategies for the control of pitaya stem rot.
Loneliness and frailty among nursing home older adults: the multiple mediating role of social support and resilience
Authors: Zhao Xia , Si Huaxin
Published: September 2021

Background

Loneliness has been considered as a risk factor for frailty. Social support (as an external protective resource) and resilience (as an inner protective resource) might play protective roles on the association between loneliness and frailty. In this study, the mediating roles of social support and resilience between loneliness and frailty were explored among older adults living in nursing homes.

Methods

Older adults (N = 210) from three nursing homes in China were recruited in this cross‐sectional study. Information for sociodemographic variables, frailty, loneliness, social support and resilience were collected. The bootstrap analyses by PROCESS macro were conducted to test the multiple mediating role of social support and resilience between loneliness and frailty.

Results

The prevalence of frailty was 34.8% among older adults in nursing homes. Also, social support and resilience mediated the association between loneliness and frailty, respectively. Furthermore, the multiple mediating testing results showed that social support and resilience played sequential mediating roles in the link of loneliness to frailty.

Conclusions

The findings underscore the protective role of social support and resilience of loneliness and frailty among nursing home older adults.
The Real Military Balance: International Comparisons of Defense Spending
Authors: Robertson Peter E.
Published: September 2021

International comparisons of military spending are necessary for monitoring security risks, assessing defense capabilities, and planning defense budgets. Nevertheless, conventional comparisons do not allow for differences in defense sector input prices across countries. I use defense sector budget data to construct a database of military purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates for 59 countries. Real military spending in many countries, including Russia and China, is found to significantly exceed conventional estimates based on market exchange rates and GDP‐PPP exchange rates. Similarly, the US share of world military spending is substantially diminished.
Representaciones sociales de la salud infantil en mujeres rurales en Veracruz, México
Authors: Perroni-Marañón Ana Gabriela , Dorantes-Carrión Jeysira Jacqueline , Amescua-Villela Guadalupe , Negrete-Yankelevich Simoneta , Núñez-de la Mora Alejandra
Published: September 2021

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar, mediante la perspectiva teórica de las representaciones sociales (RS), los conocimientos de sentido común construidos por mujeres adultas que viven en situación de pobreza, respecto a la salud de sus hijos, con el fin de generar evidencia útil en el diseño de intervenciones cultural y socialmente relevantes en materia de salud infantil a nivel comunitario. En el estudio, participaron mujeres adultas paras habitantes de una comunidad rural en condiciones de pobreza del municipio de Ayahualulco, Veracruz, México. La representación de la salud infantil en las mujeres gira alrededor de la noción de ausencia visible de enfermedad física grave que limite las actividades diarias. Este concepto de salud ―en el contexto de una comunidad en transición epidemiológica, donde se espera un incremento en la prevalencia de enfermedades crónicas cuyos síntomas iniciales son de índole metabólico― presenta un reto importante para los esfuerzos de prevención.
Validación de las Escalas de Inhibición y Excitación Sexual (SIS/SES-SF) en colombianos
Authors: Saavedra-Roa Alejandro , Vallejo-Medina Pablo
Published: September 2021

Las escalas SIS/SES-SF han sido desarrolladas para medir la inhibición y la excitación sexual. El objetivo del presente estudio fue adaptar y validar estas escalas en población colombiana. Para esto, se realizó la adaptación cultural y validación de contenido de las escalas por medio del juicio de siete expertos, y se validaron psicométricamente sobre una muestra de 2125 participantes (1000 hombres y 1125 mujeres). Los hombres contestaron al International Index of Erectile Function y la Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool; mientras que el total de la muestra contestó al Sexual Desire Inventory, al Massachusetts General Hospital-Sexual Functioning Questionnaire y a la Sexual Inhibition/Sexual Excitation Scales-Short Form, todo ello junto a una batería sociodemográfica. El muestreo se realizó de forma virtual a través de Facebook. Los índices de las escalas mostraron una apropiada validez y fiabilidad. Además, para ambos sexos, las escalas mostraron un nivel de invarianza estricto. Las relaciones significativas con las otras medidas dan cuenta de su validez de criterio. Se sugiere el uso del instrumento para continuar con la investigación del Modelo de Control Dual dentro de la sexualidad en Latinoamérica.
Description of a new species and first records of five species of the family Cheyletidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Turkey
Authors: Kabasakal Burcu , Doğan Salih
Published: September 2021

The cheyletid mites (Acari: Cheyletidae) collected from Kelkit Valley in Turkey are investigated. A new species, Cheletomorpha bochkovi sp. nov., is described and illustrated. The following five species are newly recorded from Turkey and redescribed: Cheletacarus raptor Volgin, Eucheyletia flabellifera Michael, Eutogenes foxi Baker, Ker pintoriensis Corpuz-Raros and Paracheyletia pyriformis Banks. This is the first report on the occurrence of the genera Cheletacarus Volgin, Eucheyletia Baker, Ker Muma and Paracheyletia Volgin in Turkey.
An Electromyographically Driven Cervical Spine Model in OpenSim
Authors: Barrett Jeff M. , McKinnon Colin D. , Dickerson Clark R. , Callaghan Jack P.
Published: September 2021

Relatively few biomechanical models exist aimed at quantifying the mechanical risk factors associated with neck pain. In addition, there is a need to validate spinal-rhythm techniques for inverse dynamics spine models. Therefore, the present investigation was 3-fold: (1) the development of a cervical spine model in OpenSim, (2) a test of a novel spinal-rhythm technique based on minimizing the potential energy in the passive tissues, and (3) comparison of an electromyographically driven approach to estimating compression and shear to other cervical spine models. The authors developed ligament force–deflection and intervertebral joint moment–angle curves from published data. The 218 Hill-type muscle elements, representing 58 muscles, were included and their passive forces validated against in vivo data. Our novel spinal-rhythm technique, based on minimizing the potential energy in the passive tissues, disproportionately assigned motion to the upper cervical spine that was not physiological. Finally, using kinematics and electromyography collected from 8 healthy male volunteers, the authors calculated the compression at C7–T1 as a function of the head–trunk Euler angles. Differences from other models varied from 25.5 to 368.1 N. These differences in forces may result in differences in model geometry, passive components, number of degrees of freedom, or objective functions.
The Identity Work of Health-Conscious Sport Fans
Authors: Mansfield Aaron C. , Katz Matthew , Delia Elizabeth B.
Published: September 2021

Simultaneous to the sport industry’s economic surge, physical health has become an issue of growing societal concern. Fandom and health consciousness have concurrently emerged, yet scholars have not explored the social–psychological relationship between the two. To this end, we conducted semistructured, in-depth interviews with 17 self-identified health-conscious sport fans. We leverage identity theory to highlight these individuals’ “identity work.” Participants’ experiences were reflective of both identity conflict and identity integration. The outcome that manifested—conflict or integration—appeared to hinge on psychological and sociological variables. In sharing their stories, we contribute to a growing literature on role identity negotiation in sport fandom, in addition to providing insights on health-minded sport fans.
Hypomobility in Males and Hypermobility in Females are Risk Factors for Shoulder Pain Among Young Swimmers
Authors: Mise Takao , Mitomi Yosuke , Mouri Saki , Takayama Hiroki , Inoue Yoshitomo , Inoue Mamoru , Akuzawa Hiroshi , Kaneoka Koji
Published: September 2021

Context: The range of shoulder rotation is associated with shoulder pain in young male and female swimmers. However, the association between shoulder pain and shoulder complex mobility of the scapulothoracic and acromioclavicular joints has not yet been examined. Moreover, shoulder pain occurs more frequently in females than in males, but only a few studies have examined the relationship between shoulder pain and sex as a risk factor. This study aims to determine the association between shoulder complex mobility and shoulder pain in young male and female swimmers. Design: Prospective cohort design. Methods: The participants were competitive swimmers (n = 76; 37 males and 39 females) with a mean age of 14 years in Japan. The shoulder rotation width, which was the index of shoulder complex mobility, shoulder internal and external rotation range, and middle finger distance of the back-scratch test were measured. An examiner regularly visited the swimming clubs to evaluate the development of shoulder pain and swimming distance. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the physical characteristics related to the overall development of shoulder pain in both female and male swimmers. The cutoff value was calculated using receiver operating characteristic curves. Results: Sixteen participants, composed of 8 males and 8 females, developed shoulder pain. The overall swimming distance of the male (odds ratio [OR]: 1.0007, P = .01) and female (OR: 1.0018, P = .02) swimmers and the shoulder rotation width of the male (OR: 1.0952, P = .04) and female (OR: 0.888, P = .03) swimmers were identified as risk factors for shoulder pain. The cutoff value for swimming distance was 6000 m. Shoulder rotation width was more than 88 cm in males and <54 cm in females. Conclusions: Hypomobility and hypermobility of the shoulder complex were identified as risk factors for shoulder pain in male and female swimmers, respectively.
Comparison of Immediate Effects of Foam Rolling and Dynamic Stretching to Only Dynamic Stretching on Flexibility, Balance, and Agility in Male Soccer Players
Authors: Seçer Erhan , Özer Kaya Derya
Published: September 2021

Context: Dynamic stretching (DS) is typically suggested during warm-up protocols. Also, foam rolling (FR), which is applied with a foam cylinder, has increased popularity in recent years. However, the combined effects of DS and FR in improving flexibility, dynamic balance, and agility performance are unclear in current literature. Therefore, this study aim to evaluate and compare the acute effects of DS as well as DS followed by FR (DS + FR) on flexibility, dynamic balance, and agility in male soccer players. Design: This study was a crossover study with a within-subject design. Methods: Thirty volunteer male soccer players (mean age 18.80 [0.66] y) were included in the study. Each participant performed the 2 sessions (DS and DS + FR) on separate occasions in a randomized order, with an interval of 72 hours. All sessions were performed in the indoor gym at the sports club. Flexibility was assessed by sit-and-reach test, dynamic balance was assessed by Y balance test, and agility was assessed by t test. Results: Compared with the pretest results, significant improvement in flexibility was observed in both groups (change = 0.55, percentage change = 2.05, effect size [ES] = 0.15, P = .041; change = 0.64, percentage change = 2.36, ES = 0.20, P = .025; respectively). Balance scores did not significantly improve in either group (change = 0.40, percentage change = 0.45, ES = 0.09, P = .342; change = 0.93, percentage change = 1.02, ES = 0.23, P = .103; respectively). Agility performance significantly improved in both groups (change = −0.12, percentage change = −1.18, ES = 0.19, P = .021; change = −0.21, percentage change = −2.18, ES = 0.38, P = .005; respectively). Conclusions: Both DS and DS + FR improved flexibility and agility and did not affect balance. DS + FR was not superior to DS at improving flexibility and agility as compared only with DS. Both methods are effective warm-up protocols to augment factors related to injury risk and performance. It seems that further studies that investigate the combined effects of FR and DS are needed.
Women Yoga Practitioners’ Experiences in the Pandemic: From Collective Exhaustion to Affirmative Ethics
Authors: Jeffrey Allison , Thorpe Holly , Ahmad Nida
Published: September 2021

This article engages Rosi Braidotti’s writing on COVID-19 and affirmative ethics to expand understandings of the purpose of leisure and physical activity in women’s lives during the pandemic. Utilizing a feminist methodology informed by an ethics of affirmation, care, and creativity, the authors share insights from in-depth interviews with five dedicated Yoga practitioners living in Aotearoa New Zealand. Herein, they reveal how Yoga’s physical, mental, and ethical practices supported women as they navigated numerous challenges during the pandemic. The authors discuss the women’s complex experiences of affect, including shared exhaustion and compassion. Finally, they illustrate how experiences of discomfort encouraged some women to rethink collective responsibility and experiment with communal solutions to better support others in the face of uncertain futures.
The Natural Stilbenoid (–)-Hopeaphenol Inhibits Cellular Entry of SARS-CoV-2 USA-WA1/2020, B.1.1.7, and B.1.351 Variants
Authors: Tietjen Ian , Cassel Joel , Register Emery T. , Zhou Xiang Yang , Messick Troy E. , Keeney Frederick , Lu Lily D. , Beattie Karren D. , Rali Topul , Tebas Pablo , Ertl Hildegund C. J. , Salvino Joseph M. , Davis Rohan A. , Montaner Luis J.
Published: September 2021

Antivirals are urgently needed to combat the global SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic, supplement existing vaccine efforts, and target emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. Small molecules that interfere with binding of the viral spike receptor binding domain (RBD) to the host angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) receptor may be effective inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 cell entry.
Incidence and Predictors of Gram-Negative Bacilli in Hospitalized People Who Inject Drugs with Injection Drug Use-Attributable Infections
Authors: Kelly Megan C. , Yeager Samantha D. , Shorman Mahmoud A. , Wright Laurence R. , Veve Michael P.
Published: September 2021

The objective of this study was to quantify incidence and determine predictors of Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) in people who inject drugs (PWID) with injection-drug use (IDU)-related infections. The investigation was a retrospective cohort of hospitalized PWID from January 2017 to December 2019.
Identification of Translocation Inhibitors Targeting the Type III Secretion System of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli
Authors: Mühlen Sabrina , Zapol'skii Viktor A. , Bilitewski Ursula , Dersch Petra
Published: September 2021

Infections with enteropathogenic
Escherichia coli
(EPEC) cause severe diarrhea in children. The noninvasive bacteria adhere to enterocytes of the small intestine and use a type III secretion system (T3SS) to inject effector proteins into host cells to modify and exploit cellular processes in favor of bacterial survival and replication.
Intracellular Activity of Antibiotics against Coxiella burnetii in a Model of Activated Human THP-1 Cells
Authors: Peyrusson Frédéric , Whelan Adam O. , Hartley Margaret G. , Norville Isobel H. , Harding Sarah V. , Van Bambeke Françoise
Published: September 2021

We evaluated antibiotic activity against the intracellular bacterium
Coxiella burnetii
using an activated THP-1 cell model of infection. At clinically relevant concentrations, the intracellular bacterial load was reduced 300-fold by levofloxacin and finafloxacin, 40-fold by doxycycline, and 4-fold by ciprofloxacin and was unaffected by azithromycin.
Genomic Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Mechanisms of Imported Typhoid in Australia
Authors: Ingle Danielle J. , Andersson Patiyan , Valcanis Mary , Wilmot Mathilda , Easton Marion , Lane Courtney , Barden Jessica , Gonçalves da Silva Anders , Seemann Torsten , Horan Kristy , Ballard Susan A. , Sherry Norelle L. , Williamson Deborah A. , Howden Benjamin P.
Published: September 2021

Typhoid fever is an invasive bacterial disease of humans that disproportionately affects low- and middle-income countries. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been increasingly prevalent in recent decades in
Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhi (
S.
Antifungal Susceptibility of 182 Fusarium Species Isolates from 20 European Centers: Comparison between EUCAST and Gradient Concentration Strip Methods
Authors: Blaize Marion , Normand Anne-Cecile , Imbert Sebastien , Al-Hatmi Abdullah M. S. , Chryssanthou Erja , Cassaing Sophie , Schuttler Christine , Hasseine Lilia , Mahinc Caroline , Costa Damien , Bonnal Christine , Ranque Stéphane , Sautour Marc , Rubio Elisa , Delhaes Laurence , Riat Arnaud , Sendid Boualem , Kristensen Lise , Brandenberger Marcel , Stubbe Dirk , Brun Sophie , Piarroux Renaud , Fekkar Arnaud
Published: September 2021

We determined the susceptibility of 182
Fusarium
species isolates to five antifungal drugs (amphotericin B, voriconazole, posaconazole, isavuconazole, and terbinafine) by the EUCAST method. Based on the latest taxonomic insights, isolates collected from 20 European centers were distributed into seven complexes and 27 species.
Novel Murine Pancreatic Tumor Model Demonstrates Immunotherapeutic Control of Tumor Progression by a Toxoplasma gondii Protein
Authors: Payne Susan N. , Emmerich Philip B. , Davis Nicole M. , Deming Dustin A. , Knoll Laura J.
Published: September 2021

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States, with few effective treatments available and only 10% of those diagnosed surviving 5 years. Although immunotherapeutics is a growing field of study in cancer biology, there has been little progress in its use for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Small Proteins in Archaea, a Mainly Unexplored World
Authors: Weidenbach Katrin , Gutt Miriam , Cassidy Liam , Chibani Cynthia , Schmitz Ruth A.
Published: September 2021

In recent years, increasing numbers of small proteins have moved into the focus of science. Small proteins have been identified and characterized in all three domains of life, but the majority remains functionally uncharacterized, lack secondary structure, and exhibit limited evolutionary conservation.
Metamorphism obscures primary taphonomic pathways in the early Cambrian Sirius Passet Lagerstätte, North Greenland
Authors: Nielsen Morten Lunde , Lee Mirinae , Ng Hong Chin , Rushton Jeremy C. , Hendry Katharine R. , Kihm Ji-Hoon , Nielsen Arne T. , Park Tae-Yoon S. , Vinther Jakob , Wilby Philip R.
Published: September 2021

Correct interpretation of soft-bodied fossils relies on a thorough understanding of their taphonomy. While the focus has often been on the primary roles of decay and early diagenesis, the impacts of deeper burial and metamorphism on fossil preservation are less well understood. We document a sequence of late-stage mineral replacements in panarthropod fossils from the Sirius Passet Lagerstätte (North Greenland), an important early Cambrian Burgess Shale–type (BST) biota. Muscle and gut diverticula were initially stabilized by early diagenetic apatite, prior to being pervasively replaced by quartz and then subordinate chlorite, muscovite, and chloritoid during very low- to low-grade metamorphism. Each new mineral replicates the soft tissues with different precision and occurs in particular anatomical regions, imposing strong biases on the biological information retained. Muscovite and chloritoid largely obliterate the tissues’ original detail, suggesting that aluminum-rich protoliths may have least potential for conserving mineralized soft tissues in metamorphism. Overall, the fossils exhibit a marked shift toward mineralogical equilibration with the matrix, obscuring primary taphonomic modes. Sequential replacement of the phosphatized soft tissues released phosphorus to form new accessory monazite (and apatite and xenotime), whose presence in other BST biotas might signal the prior, more widespread, occurrence of this primary mode of preservation. Our results provide critical context for interpreting the Sirius Passet biota and for identifying late-stage overprints in other biotas.
Guttulatic calcite: A carbonate microtexture that reveals frigid formation conditions
Authors: Scheller Eva L. , Grotzinger John , Ingalls Miquela
Published: September 2021

The paragenesis of carbonate pseudomorphic textures in the rock record that are inferred to represent replaced metastable ikaite (CaCO3·6H2O), which forms at frigid temperatures, is uncertain. Petrographic analysis of Mono Lake (California, USA) Pleistocene tufas allowed recognition of a distinctive calcite microtexture, termed guttulatic calcite, that forms during carbonate dehydration and is diagnostic for precursor ikaite. The texture is characterized by pseudo-hexagonal or spherical low-Mg cores, which likely formed initially as vaterite, with an ellipsoidal overgrowth, and a secondary high-Mg sparry or micritic cement. Observations of Mono Lake ikaite pseudomorphs, combined with a review of more ancient examples, indicate that guttulatic texture records carbonate dehydration of precursor ikaite and can be used to infer frigid paleotemperatures.