bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bridging Homogeneously and Heterogeneously Catalyzed Higher‐Alcohol Synthesis via Cobalt‐Based Catalysts
Authors: Telaar Pascal , Diehl Patrick , Muhler Martin
Published: June 2024

Industrial implementation of the heterogeneously catalyzed CO hydrogenation to higher alcohols is highly desired, but deeper insights into the reaction mechanisms and active sites are still needed. This review summarizes the established and well‐investigated cobalt‐based catalysts and the mechanisms resulting in oxygenate formation. Recently, a cobalt‐based system derived from Mn‐Co‐based Prussian blue analogs by pyrolysis has shown great potential for higher‐alcohol synthesis. In addition to the heterogeneously catalyzed reaction pathways involved in Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis and methanol synthesis, the homogeneously catalyzed reaction pathways like reductive olefin hydroformylation and reductive primary alcohol carbonylation were found to play a key role.
A Highly Sustainable Supramolecular Bioplastic Film with Superior Hydroplasticity and Biodegradability
Authors: Jin Hongjun , Wu Ziyan , Lin Weilin , Cai Yiteng , He Lianbo , Cao Changlin , Wang Xuejiao , Qian Qingrong , Chen Qinghua , Yan Yun
Published: June 2024

Massive accumulation of postconsumer plastic waste in eco‐system has raised growing environmental concerns. Sustainable end‐of‐life managements of the indispensable plastic are highly demanding and challenging in modern society. To relieve the plastic menace, herein we present a full life cycle sustainable supramolecular bioplastic made from biomass‐derived polyelectrolyte (chitosan quaternary ammonium salt, QCS) and natural sodium fatty acid (sodium laurate, SL) through solid‐phase molecular self‐assembly (SPMSA), by which the QCS‐SL complexes, precipitated from mixing the aqueous solutions, self‐assemble to form bioplastic film by mildly pressing at room temperature. The QCS‐SL bioplastic films display superior hydroplasticity owing to the water‐activated molecular rearrangement and electrostatic bond reconstruction, which allows facile self‐healing and reprocessing at room temperature to significantly extend the service lifetime of both products and raw materials. With higher water content, the dynamic electrostatic interactions and precipitation‐dissolution equilibrium endow the QCS‐SL bioplastic films with considerable solubility in water, which is promising to mitigate the plastic accumulation in aquatic environment. Because both QCS and SL are biocompatible and biodegradable, the dissolved QCS‐SL films are nontoxic and environmentally friendly. Thus, this novel supramolecular bioplastic is highly sustainable throughout the whole life cycle, which is expected to open a new vista in sustainable plastic materials.
Over‐Lithiation Regulation of Silicon‐Based Anodes for High‐Energy Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Xiaohong , Tan Yuchen , Wang Wenyu , Sun Yongming
Published: June 2024

Mitigating the growth of dendritic lithium (Li) metal on silicon (Si) anodes has become a crucial task for the pursuit of long‐term cycling stability of high energy density Si‐based lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) under fast charging or other specific conditions. While it is widely known that Li metal plating on Si‐based anodes may introduce inferior cycling stability and cause safety concerns, the evolution of the anode/material structure and electrochemical performance with Li metal plating remains largely unexplored. A comprehensive quantitative investigation of the hybrid Li storage mechanism, combining the Li alloying/dealloying mechanism and plating/stripping mechanism, has been conducted to explore the effect of Li plating on Si‐based anodes. The findings reveal that Li plating/stripping accounts for the decay of the overall Coulombic efficiency and cycling stability of the hybrid Li storage mechanism. Furthermore, alloying reactions occurring below 0 V encourage the formation of crystalline Li15Si4, which subsequently exacerbates voltage hysteresis. The performance decay is amplified as the ratio of Li plating/stripping capacity increases, or in other words, as the over‐lithiation level rises, thereby posing a threat to the battery‘s cycling stability. These results provide valuable insights into the design of advanced Si‐based electrodes for high energy density LIBs.
Integrative genomic analyses of European intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: Novel ROS1 fusion gene and PBX1 as prognostic marker
Authors: Plum Patrick S. , Hess Timo , Bertrand Denis , Morgenstern Isabelle , Velazquez Camacho Oscar , Jonas Christoph , Alidousty Christina , Wagner Britta , Roessler Stephanie , Albrecht Thomas , Becker Jessica , Richartz Vanessa , Holz Barbara , Hoppe Sascha , Poh Huay Mei , Chia Burton Kuan Hui , Chan Cheryl Xueli , Pathiraja Thushangi , Teo Audrey SM , Marquardt Jens U. , Khng Alexis , Heise Michael , Fei Yao , Thieme René , Klein Sebastian , Hong Jing Han , Dima Simona O , Popescu Irinel , Hoppe‐Lotichius Maria , Buettner Reinhard , Lautem Anja , Otto Gerd , Quaas Alexander , Nagarajan Niranjan , Rozen Steve , Teh Bin Tean , Goeppert Benjamin , Drebber Uta , Lang Hauke , Tan Patrick , Gockel Ines , Schumacher Johannes , Hillmer Axel M.
Published: June 2024

Background

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a fatal cancer of the bile duct with a poor prognosis owing to limited therapeutic options. The incidence of intrahepatic CCA (iCCA) is increasing worldwide, and its molecular basis is emerging. Environmental factors may contribute to regional differences in the mutation spectrum of European patients with iCCA, which are underrepresented in systematic genomic and transcriptomic studies of the disease.

Methods

We describe an integrated whole‐exome sequencing and transcriptomic study of 37 iCCAs patients in Germany.

Results

We observed as most frequently mutated genes ARID1A (14%), IDH1, BAP1, TP53, KRAS, and ATM in 8% of patients. We identified FGFR2::BICC1 fusions in two tumours, and FGFR2::KCTD1 and TMEM106B::ROS1 as novel fusions with potential therapeutic implications in iCCA and confirmed oncogenic properties of TMEM106B::ROS1 in vitro. Using a data integration framework, we identified PBX1 as a novel central regulatory gene in iCCA. We performed extended screening by targeted sequencing of an additional 40 CCAs. In the joint analysis, IDH1 (13%), BAP1 (10%), TP53 (9%), KRAS (7%), ARID1A (7%), NF1 (5%), and ATM (5%) were the most frequently mutated genes, and we found PBX1 to show copy gain in 20% of the tumours. According to other studies, amplifications of PBX1 tend to occur in European iCCAs in contrast to liver fluke‐associated Asian iCCAs.

Conclusions

By analyzing an additional European cohort of iCCA patients, we found that PBX1 protein expression was a marker of poor prognosis. Overall, our findings provide insight into key molecular alterations in iCCA, reveal new targetable fusion genes, and suggest that PBX1 is a novel modulator of this disease.
Heavy metals in cigarette smoke strongly inhibit pancreatic ductal function and promote development of chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Pallagi Petra , Tóth Emese , Görög Marietta , Venglovecz Viktória , Madácsy Tamara , Varga Árpád , Molnár Tünde , Papp Noémi , Szabó Viktória , Kúthy‐Sutus Enikő , Molnár Réka , Ördög Attila , Borka Katalin , Schnúr Andrea , Kéri Albert , Kajner Gyula , Csekő Kata , Ritter Emese , Csupor Dezső , Helyes Zsuzsanna , Galbács Gábor , Szentesi Andrea , Czakó László , Rakonczay Zoltán , Takács Tamás , Maléth József , Hegyi Péter
Published: June 2024

Background and aims

Smoking is recognised as an independent risk factor in the development of chronic pancreatitis (CP). Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) function and ductal fluid and bicarbonate secretion are also known to be impaired in CP, so it is crucial to understand the relationships between smoking, pancreatic ductal function and the development of CP.

Methods

We measured sweat chloride (Cl–) concentrations in patients with and without CP, both smokers and non‐smokers, to assess CFTR activity. Serum heavy metal levels and tissue cadmium concentrations were determined by mass spectrometry in smoking and non‐smoking patients. Guinea pigs were exposed to cigarette smoke, and cigarette smoke extract (CSE) was prepared to characterise its effects on pancreatic HCO3– and fluid secretion and CFTR function. We administered cerulein to both the smoking and non‐smoking groups of mice to induce pancreatitis.

Results

Sweat samples from smokers, both with and without CP, exhibited elevated Cl– concentrations compared to those from non‐smokers, indicating a decrease in CFTR activity due to smoking. Pancreatic tissues from smokers, regardless of CP status, displayed lower CFTR expression than those from non‐smokers. Serum levels of cadmium and mercury, as well as pancreatic tissue cadmium, were increased in smokers. Smoking, CSE, cadmium, mercury and nicotine all hindered fluid and HCO3– secretion and CFTR activity in pancreatic ductal cells. These effects were mediated by sustained increases in intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i), depletion of intracellular ATP (ATPi) and mitochondrial membrane depolarisation.

Conclusion

Smoking impairs pancreatic ductal function and contributes to the development of CP. Heavy metals, notably cadmium, play a significant role in the harmful effects of smoking.

Key points

Smoking and cigarette smoke extract diminish pancreatic ductal fluid and HCO3– secretion as well as the expression and function of CFTR

Cd and Hg concentrations are significantly higher in the serum samples of smokers

Cd accumulates in the pancreatic tissue of smokers
Comparison of propofol‐based sedation and midazolam sedation in pediatric bidirectional endoscopy conducted by pediatric gastroenterologists
Authors: Kudo Takahiro , Nishimoto Satomi , Horiuchi Ichitaro , Kurasawa Shingo , Ukai Satoshi , Horiuchi Akira
Published: June 2024

Objectives

The effectiveness and safety of propofol‐based sedation and midazolam sedation in pediatric bidirectional endoscopy were compared.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the cases of pediatric patients (≤15 years old) who had undergone bidirectional endoscopy, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, and colonoscopy by pediatric gastroenterologists. Demographic data, indications, sedatives/dosages, clinical outcomes, endoscopic findings, adverse events, and total patient time requirements (total time in which patients stay in our hospital) were compared in the two sedation groups.

Results

Ninety‐one children (51 boys, 40 girls, mean age 13 years, range 9–15) treated at our hospital were enrolled. Propofol alone or in combination with midazolam and/or pentazocine was administered to 51 patients (propofol‐based sedation group). Midazolam alone or in combination with pentazocine was administered to the other 40 patients (midazolam sedation group). In the propofol group, the following mean doses were used: propofol, 96 mg (range 40–145 mg); midazolam, 4.9 mg (range 3–5 mg); and pentazocine, 7.5 mg. In the midazolam group, the mean doses of midazolam and pentazocine were 6.2 mg (range 4–10 mg) and 15 mg, respectively. All procedures were successfully completed by pediatric gastroenterologists. The total procedure times and endoscopic findings were similar in the two groups, but the median patient time requirement in the propofol group was significantly shorter versus the midazolam group (7.3 h vs. 8.4 h, p < 0.001). No adverse events occurred in either group.

Conclusions

Propofol‐based sedation in pediatric bidirectional endoscopy was safely and effectively performed by pediatric gastroenterologists, and its patient time requirement was shorter than that for midazolam sedation.
The middle‐upper Eocene Loza‐Portilla Formation (Western Pyrenees, North Spain): Palustrine‐lacustrine carbonate‐dominated sequences in a piggy‐back basin under compressional tectonic stress
Authors: Larena Zuriñe , Murelaga Xabier , Sanjuan Josep , Ruiz F. Javier , Baceta Juan I.
Published: June 2024

The Loza‐Portilla Formation consists of 100–300 m of alluvial siliciclastics and palustrine‐lacustrine carbonates and minor evaporites, infilling a tectonically active syncline basin (Miranda‐Trebiño Basin, Basque‐Cantabrian Pyrenees), which developed over the south Pyrenean Thrust Front during middle to late Eocene times. Detailed facies characterisation and correlation allowed the reconstruction of the stratigraphic architecture of the formation, which consists of three unconformity‐bounded depositional sequences, representative of three successive phases of carbonate lake development. A model of low‐energy shallow lake with ramp margins and wide palustrine fringes fits well with the architecture of the three stacked carbonate‐dominated sequences, with stratal architectures characteristic of shallow balanced‐fill lake basins. A range of limestones representative of different palustrine and lacustrine environments is distinguished, commonly arranged in metre‐thick facies sequences and cycles reflecting water‐level changes and marked shoreline shifts, likely associated with prevailing tectonic and climate conditions. Compressional tectonism and associated halokinetic movements exerted major control on depositional trends and distribution of the main depocentres. The Loza‐Portilla Formation is of major palaeogeographical significance in the tecto‐sedimentary evolution of the Pyrenean domain, labelling the first phase of uplift and emersion that affected large areas of the Basque‐Cantabrian (western) Pyrenees, prior to end‐Eocene generalised continentalisation.
The dishevelled associated activator of morphogenesis protein 2 (Daam2) regulates neural tube closure
Authors: Nama Kaushik , Su Baihao , Marquez Jonathan , Khokha Mustafa K. , Habas Raymond
Published: June 2024

Background

The Wnt signaling pathway is highly conserved in metazoans and regulates a large array of cellular processes including motility, polarity and fate determination, and stem cell homeostasis. Modulation of the actin cytoskeleton via the non‐canonical Wnt pathway regulate cell polarity and cell migration that are required for proper vertebrate gastrulation and subsequent neurulation. However, the mechanism(s) of how the non‐canonical pathway mediates actin cytoskeleton modulation is not fully understood.

Results

Herein, we characterize the role of the Formin‐homology protein; dishevelled associated activator of morphogenesis 2 (Daam2) protein in the Wnt signaling pathway. Co‐immunoprecipitation assays confirm the binding of Daam2 to dishevelled2 (Dvl2) as well as the domains within these proteins required for interaction; additionally, the interaction between Daam2 and Dvl2 was Wnt‐regulated. Sub‐cellular localization studies reveal Daam2 is cytoplasmic and regulates the cellular actin cytoskeleton by modulating actin filament formation. During Xenopus development, a knockdown or loss of Daam2 specifically produces neural tube closure defects indicative of a role in non‐canonical signaling. Additionally, our studies did not identify any role for Daam2 in canonical Wnt signaling in mammalian culture cells or the Xenopus embryo.

Conclusions

Our studies together identify Daam2 as a component of the non‐canonical Wnt pathway and Daam2 is a regulator of neural tube morphogenesis during vertebrate development.
Temporal activity and detection rates of chilla (Lycalopex griseus) in Tierra del Fuego, Argentina
Authors: Allen Maximilian L. , Allan Andrew T. L.
Published: June 2024

Designing mitigation strategies for invasive species requires a clear understanding of their ecology and behaviour. Chilla (or grey fox; Lycalopex griseus) were introduced to Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego (Tierra del Fuego Island) in 1951 to control European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) populations. Although this management strategy was unsuccessful, the chilla spread across the island and are now considered invasive. Despite this, there is a lack of research concerning their ecology and behavioural patterns, particularly on the Argentinian side of the island. We assessed the detection rates and temporal activity patterns of chillas using camera traps in the Argentinian region of Tierra del Fuego Island. Chilla had average detection rates of 61.7 (SD ± 33.3, range = 13.5–105.7) per 100 trap nights. Although analysis by clock time suggested cathemeral activity patterns, when analysed by sun time the chillas exhibited distinct nocturnal activity patterns. These findings offer the first information on the detection rates of chilla on the Argentinian side of Tierra del Fuego Island and reveal new insights into their temporal activity patterns, providing an important basis for future research that may aid the development of more effective management and conservation strategies.
Covering the bases: Population genomic structure of Lemna minor and the cryptic species L. japonica in Switzerland
Authors: Schmid Marc W. , Moradi Aboubakr , Leigh Deborah M. , Schuman Meredith C. , van Moorsel Sofia J.
Published: June 2024

Duckweeds, including the common duckweed Lemna minor, are increasingly used to test eco‐evolutionary theories. Yet, despite its popularity and near‐global distribution, the understanding of its population structure (and genetic variation therein) is still limited. It is essential that this is resolved, because of the impact genetic diversity has on experimental responses and scientific understanding. Through whole‐genome sequencing, we assessed the genetic diversity and population genomic structure of 23 natural Lemna spp. populations from their natural range in Switzerland. We used two distinct analytical approaches, a reference‐free kmer approach and the classical reference‐based one. Two genetic clusters were identified across the described species distribution of L. minor, surprisingly corresponding to species‐level divisions. The first cluster contained the targeted L. minor individuals and the second contained individuals from a cryptic species: Lemna japonica. Within the L. minor cluster, we identified a well‐defined population structure with little intra‐population genetic diversity (i.e., within ponds) but high inter‐population diversity (i.e., between ponds). In L. japonica, the population structure was significantly weaker and genetic variation between a subset of populations was as low as within populations. This study revealed that L. japonica is more widespread than previously thought. Our findings signify that thorough genotype‐to‐phenotype analyses are needed in duckweed experimental ecology and evolution.
Anticipating change: The impact of simulated seasonal heterogeneity on heat tolerances along a latitudinal cline
Authors: Lush Jared , Sgrò Carla M. , Hall Matthew D.
Published: June 2024

An understanding of thermal limits and variation across geographic regions is central to predicting how any population may respond to global change. Latitudinal clines, in particular, have been used to demonstrate that populations can be locally adapted to their own thermal environment and, as a result, not all populations will be equally impacted by an increase in temperature. But how robust are these signals of thermal adaptation to the other ecological challenges that animals commonly face in the wild? Seasonal changes in population density, food availability, or photoperiod are common ecological challenges that could disrupt patterns of thermal tolerance along a cline if each population differentially used these signals to anticipate future temperatures and adjust their thermal tolerances accordingly. In this study, we aimed to test the robustness of a cline in thermal tolerance to simulated signals of seasonal heterogeneity. Experimental animals were derived from clones of the Australian water flea, Daphnia carinata, sampled from nine distinct populations along a latitudinal transect in Eastern Australia. We then factorially combined summer (18 h light, 6 h dark) and winter (6 h light, 18 h dark) photoperiods with high (5 million algal cells individual−1 day−1) and low (1 million algal cells individual−1 day−1) food availabilities, before performing static heat shock assays to measure thermal tolerance. We found that the thermal tolerances of the clonal populations were sensitive to both measures of seasonal change. In general, higher food availability led to an increase in thermal tolerances, with the magnitude of the increase varying by clone. In contrast, a switch in photoperiod led to rank‐order changes in thermal tolerances, with heat resistance increasing for some clones, and decreasing for others. Heat resistance, however, still declined with increasing latitude, irrespective of the manipulation of seasonal signals, with clones from northern populations always showing greater thermal resistance, most likely driven by adaptation to winter thermal conditions. While photoperiod and food availability can clearly shape thermal tolerances for specific populations, they are unlikely to overwhelm overarching signals of thermal adaptation, and thus, observed clines in heat resistance will likely have remained robust to these forms of seasonal heterogeneity.
The complex governance of protected areas: Insights from geoheritage and geopark management in China
Authors: Zhuang Andi , Stoffelen Arie , Meijles Erik , Groote Peter
Published: June 2024

Geoparks aim to conserve areas of geological significance and achieve sustainable endogenous regional development via geotourism. The management of geoparks requires the involvement of all relevant stakeholders and authorities. However, the strategies when establishing geoparks are often based on the visions of scientists and policymakers. Other stakeholders, such as local residents, often have relatively limited opportunities to become involved in the identification and communication of geoheritage values. Yet, across different social contexts, people's attitudes toward heritage may manifest differently. This adds to the complexity of building cohesive partnerships among stakeholders with the common goal of sustainable development. With a qualitative study of Zhangjiajie UNESCO Global Geopark in China, which has attracted considerable attention due to the conflicts between tourism development and heritage conservation, we aim to understand how the concept of geoheritage is institutionalized in the management of the geopark. Data were collected through interviews with government officials at different levels and various local tourism practitioners, supplemented by a policy document analysis. Results show that geoheritage management in Zhangjiajie Geopark lacked dynamism and inclusivity. The reason was the presence of dissonant understandings among various authorities regarding what constitutes geoheritage. These dissonant understandings were not negotiated strategically because of the embedding of the geopark in a highly convoluted multi‐level governance system related to natural resource management and tourism. The findings underscore that geoheritage research should shift away from an objectivist understanding of geoheritage. Perceiving geoheritage as a power‐loaded construct transforms our comprehension of geopark management dynamics.
Functional zoning of biodiversity profiles
Authors: Golini Natalia , Ignaccolo Rosaria , Ippoliti Luigi , Pronello Nicola
Published: June 2024

Spatial mapping of biodiversity is crucial to investigate spatial variations in natural communities. Several indices have been proposed in the literature to represent biodiversity as a single statistic. However, these indices only provide information on individual dimensions of biodiversity, thus failing to grasp its complexity comprehensively. Consequently, relying solely on these single indices can lead to misleading conclusions about the actual state of biodiversity. In this work, we focus on biodiversity profiles, which provide a more flexible framework to express biodiversity through nonnegative and convex curves, which can be analyzed by means of functional data analysis. By treating the whole curves as single entities, we propose to achieve a functional zoning of the region of interest by means of a penalized model‐based clustering procedure. This provides a spatial clustering of the biodiversity profiles, which is useful for policy‐makers both for conserving and managing natural resources and revealing patterns of interest. Our approach is evaluated using a simulation study and discussed through the analysis of the Harvard Forest Data, which provides information on the spatial distribution of woody stems within a plot of the Harvard Forest.
Epilepsy in inmate patients seen in a high complexity reference hospital in Colombia: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ríos Patiño David , Morcillo Muñoz Andrés Felipe , Lorenzana Pombo Pablo , Quintero Cusguen Patricia , Acosta Fajardo Hernán , Enciso Zuluaga Mateo , Losada Trujillo Natalia
Published: June 2024

Objective

To describe the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of imprisoned patients with epilepsy seen at Samaritana University Hospital (HUS) in Bogotá D.C., between January 2017 and November 2020.

Methods

Cross‐sectional cohort study of inmate patients over 18 years of age seen at HUS between January 2017 and November 2020, with a discharge diagnosis of epilepsy. A descriptive univariate analysis of patient sociodemographic and clinical characteristics was carried out.

Results

Overall, 92 patients were included, 95.7% were males with a median age of 32 years (IQR: 26–44); 65% were assessed in the outpatient clinic; median hospital length of stay was 2 days (IQR: 0) and 7.6% required admission to the intensive care unit; 75% had focal onset epilepsy, 63.04% with undetermined etiology 31.52% with structural causes. Polytherapy was found in 53.3%, valproic acid being the most frequently used antiseizure medication in 59.78%; lack of adherence was reported in 15.22% and inadequate seizure control in 81.52%; status epilepticus occurred in 5.34%. A total of 31 EEG recordings and 53 brain images were performed, of which, 29% and 39.62%, respectively, were abnormal. Non‐epileptic paroxysmal events were diagnosed in 5.34%, while organic or psychiatric comorbidities were found in 25%, and the use of psychoactive substances was documented in 17.39%. Upon discharge, 93.47% had no disability, and only 45.65% returned for outpatient follow‐up.

Significance

The clinical profile was of men in the fourth decade of life with focal onset epilepsy characterized by high seizure frequency, most of whom were receiving antiseizure medication, with a high proportion of polytherapy. The results are a point of departure for prospective studies designed to identify points to intervene and improve healthcare for inmates with epilepsy.

Plain Language Summary

Inmates are a vulnerable proportion of persons with epilepsy. In this group there are significant differences compared to the general population, especially with greater psychiatric comorbidity and worse control of epileptic seizures due to difficulties in accessing medical care, antiseizure medication and diagnostic tests. We found that the most characteristic population is made up of men in the fourth decade of life with a high frequency of seizures, most of whom were receiving multiple antiseizure medication This study is the first of its kind in Latin America and it is an initial approach to epilepsy in inmates.
Fathers' impact on outcomes in the treatment of eating disorders: A scoping review
Authors: Isserlin Leanna , Spector Noah M. P. , Bradley Abigail H. M. , Kanbur Nuray , Bouchard Catherine , Kapur Rishi , Ganson Kyle T.
Published: June 2024

Objective

Male caregivers' participation in eating disorder (ED) treatment for their affected children is less consistent than female caregivers', with unclear effects. To clarify the impact, this scoping review examined literature on male caregiver involvement in ED treatment, focusing on its impact on fathers, treatment processes, and their affected children.

Methods

A search encompassing English and French peer‐reviewed articles from 1990 to 2022 was conducted. Studies distinguishing between mothers and fathers, addressing Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders or International Classification of Diseases ED diagnoses, and involving active interventions were included. From 1651 initially identified articles, 251 were retained after abstract and title review, and 45 met all criteria.

Results

Documented outcomes indicated fathers' engagement in ED treatment improved their well‐being and family functioning, but these gains were not consistently tied to treatment outcomes. Father attendance, improved caregiving skills, and their expectations of treatment correlated with better outcomes for their affected child.

Conclusions

Father involvement in ED treatment remains under‐explored. This review emphasises fathers' positive impact while highlighting the need to better understand the link with overall patient outcomes. We call for proactive exploration of how to surmount barriers to fathers' involvement and ensure that paternal contributions are optimised in ED treatment alongside those of female caregivers.
The immunity gap in primates
Authors: Mariencheck Clara L.
Published: June 2024

Vertebrates exhibit sexual dimorphism in response to infectious diseases and in morbidity and mortality rates to various pathogens. Females are generally more immunocompetent than males, despite their increased reproductive burden and the immunosuppressive effects of gestation. In addition, females generally have lower incidences of cancer compared to males; however, they have higher rates of autoimmune disorders. These sex differences may be a result of life history differences, sexual selection, genetics, and/or the physiological effects of hormones. As highly social mammals with complex life histories, primates offer a unique opportunity to investigate the evolution of enhanced female immunocompetence. This review aims to examine the evidence of this immunity gap, understand current hypotheses for its evolution, and explore the potential role of X chromosome specific genes and heterozygosity within this framework.
Construction of multi‐decay pathways and realizing polymer‐regulated organic smart luminescent materials
Authors: Xiao Yuxin , Xie Zongliang , Shen Mingyao , Wang Hailan , Li Jiahui , Huang Rongjuan , Yu Tao
Published: June 2024

The construction of multi‐decay pathways of smart organic light‐emitting materials has drawn intensive research enthusiasm owing to their substantial promise in diverse optoelectronic applications. Nowadays, numerous chemical substances have been refined to extend and enhance their intriguing luminescent properties. Nowadays, plenty of chemicals have been adapted to amplify more interesting luminescent properties. How to utilize an easy way to tune multi‐decay pathways resulting in various emissions is still challenging. Here, we present a triphenylamine derivative, TPA3BP, which exhibits a variety of multi‐decay pathways in different states and can exhibit thermally activated delayed fluorescence in both the polydimethylsiloxane and crystalline state, but also achieve room temperature phosphorescence by embedding it into the poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone matrix. The multi‐decay luminescence can be attributed to the dual effect arising from the n‐π* transition of TPA3BP and the regulation of molecular transition pathways within the matrix environment. This intriguing phenomenon highlights the combined influence of TPA3BP's electronic transitions and the influence of the polarity and rigidity of the surrounding matrix on the observed characteristics. This advancement has widened the structural possibilities for multi‐decay luminescent materials, enabling their targeted synthesis for future applications, such as information encryption and smart anti‐counterfeiting.
Glymphatic pathway: An emerging perspective in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Rehman Muneeb U. , Sehar Nouroz , Rasool Iyman , Aldossari Rana M. , Wani Amir Bashir , Rashid Shahzada Mudasir , Wali Adil Farooq , Ali Aarif , Arafah Azher , Khan Andleeb
Published: June 2024

The central nervous system (CNS) is widely recognized as the only organ system without lymphatic capillaries to promote the removal of interstitial metabolic by‐products. Thus, the newly identified glymphatic system which provides a pseudolymphatic activity in the nervous system has been focus of latest research in neurosciences. Also, findings reported that, sleep stimulates the elimination actions of glymphatic system and is linked to normal brain homeostatis. The CNS is cleared of potentially hazardous compounds via the glymphatic system, particularly during sleep. Any age‐related alterations in brain functioning and pathophysiology of various neurodegenerative illnesses indicates the disturbance of the brain's glymphatic system. In this context, β‐amyloid as well as tau leaves the CNS through the glymphatic system, it's functioning and CSF discharge markedly altered in elderly brains as per many findings. Thus, glymphatic failure may have a potential mechanism which may be therapeutically targetable in several neurodegenerative and age‐associated cognitive diseases. Therefore, there is an urge to focus for more research into the connection among glymphatic system and several potential brain related diseases. Here, in our current review paper, we reviewed current research on the glymphatic system's involvement in a number of prevalent neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases and, we also discussed several therapeutic approaches, diet and life style modifications which might be used to acquire a more thorough performance and purpose of the glymphatic system to decipher novel prospects for clinical applicability for the management of these diseases.
Gender‐specific factors associated with case complexity in middle‐aged and older adults—Evidence from a large population‐based study
Authors: Paul Cinara , Schöttker Ben , Hartmann Mechthild , Friederich Hans‐Christoph , Brenner Hermann , Wild Beate
Published: June 2024

Objectives

To investigate gender‐specific factors associated with case complexity in a population‐based sample of middle‐aged and older adults using a holistic approach to complexity.

Methods

Data were derived from the 8‐year follow‐up home visits of the ESTHER study—a German population‐based study in middle‐aged and older adults. Cross‐sectional analyses were conducted for 2932 persons (aged 57–84). Complexity was assessed by the well‐established INTERMED for the elderly interview, which uses a holistic approach to the definition of case complexity. The association between various bio‐psycho‐social variables and case complexity was analyzed using gender‐specific logistic regression models, adjusted for sociodemographic factors (age, marital status, education).

Results

Prevalence of complexity was 8.3% with significantly higher prevalence in female (10.6%) compared to male (5.8%) participants (p < 0.001). Variables associated with increased odds for complexity in both, women and men were: being divorced (odds ratio [OR] women: 1.86, 95% CI 1.05–3.30; OR men: 3.19, 1.25–8.12), higher total somatic morbidity (women: 1.08, 1.04–1.12; men: 1.06, 1.02–1.11), higher depression severity (women: 1.34, 1.28–1.40; men: 1.35, 1.27–1.44), and higher loneliness scores (women: 1.19, 1.05–1.36; men: 1.23, 1.03–1.47). Women (but not men) with obesity (Body mass index [BMI] ≥30) had higher odds (1.79, 1.11–2.89) for being complex compared to those with a BMI <25. High oxidative stress measured by derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites in serum was associated with 2.02 (1.09–3.74) higher odds for complexity only in men.

Conclusions

This study provides epidemiological evidence on gender differences in prevalence and factors associated with case complexity in middle‐aged and older adults. Moreover, this study adds to the holistic understanding of complexity by identifying novel variables linked to complexity among middle‐aged and older individuals. These factors include loneliness for both genders, and high oxidative stress for men. These findings should be confirmed in future longitudinal studies.
Network enrichment significance testing in brain–phenotype association studies
Authors: Weinstein Sarah M. , Vandekar Simon N. , Li Bin , Alexander‐Bloch Aaron F. , Raznahan Armin , Li Mingyao , Gur Raquel E. , Gur Ruben C. , Roalf David R. , Park Min Tae M. , Chakravarty Mallar , Baller Erica B. , Linn Kristin A. , Satterthwaite Theodore D. , Shinohara Russell T.
Published: June 2024

Functional networks often guide our interpretation of spatial maps of brain–phenotype associations. However, methods for assessing enrichment of associations within networks of interest have varied in terms of both scientific rigor and underlying assumptions. While some approaches have relied on subjective interpretations, others have made unrealistic assumptions about spatial properties of imaging data, leading to inflated false positive rates. We seek to address this gap in existing methodology by borrowing insight from a method widely used in genetics research for testing enrichment of associations between a set of genes and a phenotype of interest. We propose network enrichment significance testing (NEST), a flexible framework for testing the specificity of brain–phenotype associations to functional networks or other sub‐regions of the brain. We apply NEST to study enrichment of associations with structural and functional brain imaging data from a large‐scale neurodevelopmental cohort study.
Comparison of film array pneumonia panel to routine diagnostic methods and its potential impact in an adult intensive care unit in Hong Kong and the potential role of emergency departments
Authors: Wu Ping , Ling Kin Ho Steven
Published: June 2024

Background

Pneumonia is a leading diagnosis for patients requiring critical care. Prediction of the causal organisms has proved challenging, and antibiotic overuse is a burning issue.

Objective

This study aimed to compare the results of the BioFire FilmArray Pneumonia Panel (PN Panel) to standard diagnostic methods and evaluate its potential impact in an intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods

This is a retrospective study including adult patients admitted to the ICUs with a diagnosis of pneumonia. The agreement between the PN panel results and the standard diagnostic method was analyzed. Actual and potential adjustments of antimicrobials after the PN panel results were reviewed and compared.

Results

Two hundred ninety three patients with pneumonia were included. The PN panel identified at least one pathogen in 159 specimens (54.2%), while the standard diagnostic method identified at least one pathogen in 132 specimens (45.0%). Positive percentage agreement between the PN panel and standard‐of‐care culture reached 94%, and negative percentage agreement reached 97%. Among 293 patients, the availability of PN results led to escalation of antimicrobials in 38 (19%) patients and de‐escalation or discontinuation of antimicrobials in 95 (32.4%) patients.

Conclusion

This pilot study showed the PN panel could provide accurate results on the causative pathogens and detect resistant bacteria. It could reduce the use of broad‐spectrum antibiotics and overall antibiotic use. If the PN panel could be checked at the emergency department, targeted antibiotics could be administered when the patient arrived at the ICU.
A practical and efficient approach to evaluating the irrigation water supply from electricity consumption: A case study in Siyang County, China
Authors: Qin Yazhou , Cui Yansong
Published: June 2024

To facilitate agricultural water rights trading reform in China and improve the efficiency of agricultural irrigation, an effective and practical approach called the conversion coefficient from electricity consumption to irrigation water supply (CCECIWS) method is introduced in this study. Application of this method in Siyang County is meticulously investigated. First, four measurement strategies are employed for the precise estimation of the volume of irrigation water from agricultural irrigation water pumps (AIWPs) in Siyang County. Then, the CCECIWS data collected through on‐site testing and the distribution pattern of the CCECIWSs of AIWPs are analysed, and the ranges of the CCECIWS values for different groups are delineated. Conjoint analysis is conducted to quantify the influence of two factors on the CCECIWSs. Finally, three regression models are developed and validated to predict the CCECIWSs for the remaining 60% of the total AIWPs, which are not tested on site. The prediction results show that the regression models have acceptable accuracy. The contribution of this research is the provision of a practical and efficient CCECIWS method to indirectly evaluate the irrigation water supply, saving both time and economic costs and laying the foundation for future research on this topic.
Diagnosis of dental caries based on attenuation coefficients analysis of optical coherence tomography images
Authors: Fan Shuhao , Yu Huanhuan , Guan Zehua , Lv Fukang , Zhou Zhuojun , Dai Cuixia
Published: June 2024

Quantitative analysis of optical attenuation based on optical coherence tomography images will offer an effective method to enhance diagnostic capabilities. In this paper, the optical attenuation in demineralized caries specimens was calculated to distinguish between normal teeth and carious teeth and further to differentiate the severity of caries, and thus come to the half‐automated diagnosis of dental caries. Results show that the attenuation coefficient in carious regions is approximately , while that of normal teeth is about . Attenuation coefficient of carious regions is 35% higher than that of normal teeth. Moreover, five classes of caries were qualified and classified based on the optical attenuation coefficient. Compared with the healthy teeth, there is a noticeable disparity in the attenuation coefficients of carious teeth, both on the surface and at the dentinoenamel junction. This study provides a method for accurate caries diagnosis, particularly in detection of early lesions and subtle structural changes.
Efficacy of heel lifts for lower limb musculoskeletal conditions: A systematic review
Authors: Bourke Jaryd , Munteanu Shannon , Merza Eman , Garofolini Alessandro , Taylor Simon , Malliaras Peter
Published: June 2024

Introduction

The objective of this systematic review is to determine the benefits and harms of heel lifts to any comparator for lower limb musculoskeletal conditions.

Methods

Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid AMED, Ovid EMCARE, CINAHL Plus and SPORTDiscus were searched from inception to the end of May 2024. Randomised, quasi‐randomised or non‐randomised trials comparing heel lifts to any other intervention or no‐treatment were eligible for inclusion. Data was extracted for the outcomes of pain, disability/function, participation, participant rating of overall condition, quality of life, composite measures and adverse events. Two authors independently assessed risk of bias and certainty of evidence using the GRADE approach at the primary time point 12 weeks (or next closest).

Results

Eight trials (n = 903), investigating mid‐portion Achilles tendinopathy, calcaneal apophysitis and plantar heel pain were included. Heel lifts were compared to exercise, ultrasound, cryotherapy orthotics, stretching, footwear, activity modification, felt pads and analgesic medication. No outcome was at low risk of bias and few effects (2 out of 47) were clinically important. Low‐certainty evidence (1 trial, n = 199) indicates improved pain relief (55.7 points [95% CI: 50.3–61.1], on a 100 mm visual analogue scale) with custom orthotics compared to heel lifts at 12 weeks for calcaneal apophysitis. Very low‐certainty evidence (1 trial, n = 62) indicates improved pain and function with heel lifts over indomethacin (35.5 points [95% CI: 21.1–49.9], Foot Function Index) at 12 months for plantar heel pain.

Conclusions

Few trials have assessed the benefits and harms of heel lifts for lower limb musculoskeletal conditions. Only two outcomes out of 47 showed clinically meaningful between group differences. However, due to very low to low certainty evidence we are unable to be confident in the results and the true effect may be substantially different.

Registration

PROSPERO registration number CRD42022309644.
The effect of jaw suspension on cartilage strength in elasmobranchs
Authors: Wilga Cheryl , Ferry Lara , Dumont Elizabeth
Published: June 2024

The jaws and their supporting cartilages are tessellated in elasmobranchs and exhibit an abrupt increase in stiffness under compression. The major jaw‐supporting cartilage, the hyomandibula, varies widely by shape and size and the extent of the load‐bearing role is hypothesized to be inversely related to the number of craniopalatine articulations. Here, we test this hypothesis by evaluating the strength of the hyomandibular cartilage under compression in 13 species that represent all four jaw suspension systems in elasmobranchs (amphistyly, orbitostyly, hyostyly, and euhyostyly). The strength of the hyomandibular cartilages was measured directly using a material testing machine under compressive load, and indirectly by measuring morphological variables putatively associated with strength. The first measure of strength is force to yield (Fy), which was the peak force (N) exerted on the hyomandibula before plastic deformation. The second measure was compressive yield strength (σy, also called yield stress), which is calculated as peak force (N) before plastic deformation/cross‐sectional area (mm2) of the specimen. Our results show that the load‐bearing role of the hyomandibular cartilage, as measured by yield strength, is inversely related to the number of craniopalatine articulations, as predicted. Force to yield was lower for euhyostylic jaw suspensions and similar for the others. We also found that mineralization is associated with greater yield strength, while the second moment of area is associated with greater force to yield.
Beyond Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science: An evaluation of the backward and forward citation coverage of 59 databases' citation indices
Authors: Gusenbauer Michael
Published: June 2024

Citation indices providing information on backward citation (BWC) and forward citation (FWC) links are essential for literature discovery, bibliographic analysis, and knowledge synthesis, especially when language barriers impede document identification. However, the suitability of citation indices varies. While some have been analyzed, the majority, whether new or established, lack comprehensive evaluation. Therefore, this study evaluates the citation coverage of the citation indices of 59 databases, encompassing the widely used Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science alongside many others never previously analyzed, such as the emerging Lens, Scite, Dimensions, and OpenAlex or the subject‐specific PubMed and JSTOR. Through a comprehensive analysis using 259 journal articles from across disciplines, this research aims to guide scholars in selecting indices with broader document coverage and more accurate and comprehensive backward and forward citation links. Key findings highlight Google Scholar, ResearchGate, Semantic Scholar, and Lens as leading options for FWC searching, with Lens providing superior download capabilities. For BWC searching, the Web of Science Core Collection can be recommended over Scopus for accuracy. BWC information from publisher databases such as IEEE Xplore or ScienceDirect was generally found to be the most accurate, yet only available for a limited number of articles. The findings will help scholars conducting systematic reviews, meta‐analyses, and bibliometric analyses to select the most suitable databases for citation searching.