bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ДО ПРОБЛЕМИ ФОРМУВАННЯ МОНОЛОГІЧНОГО МОВЛЕННЯ УЧНІВ ПОЧАТКОВИХ КЛАСІВ ЗАСОБАМИ МЕДІАОСВІТИ
Authors: Сіранчук Наталія
Published: December 2024

У статті експериментально доведено ефективний вплив медіаосвіти на формування монологічного мовлення учнів початкових класів. Встановлено недостатність ігрового україномовного медіаосвітнього контенту для дітей молодшого шкільного віку у вільному доступі.
Визначено ефективні форми провадження медіаосвіти на уроці, в позакласній діяльності та в школі продовженого дня. Запропоновано найбільш ефективні прийоми формування монологічного мовлення учнів початкових класів засобами медіаосвіти: сприймання літературно-художніх образів, емоційно-усвідомлений аналіз літературних творів, робота над розумінням виразності літературних структур.   
Встановлено, що функціювання постійно діючого шкільного медіаколективу та You Tube каналу школи позитивно впливає на формування монологічного мовлення учнів початкової школи. З’ясовано, що для ефективного формування монологічного мовлення, важливого значення набуває виконання учнями лексико-граматичних вправ (освітній медіаконтент школи), які уможливлять свідоме використання граматичних форм в процесі мовленнєвої творчості.
Практика навчання учнів у школах Києва засвідчила важливість широкого використання тематики учнівських монологів: враження від зустрічей з письменниками, героями війни; складання літературно-музичних композицій, нарисів про місцевих героїв, наших сучасників та ін.
EXPANSION OF JIJEL CITY AND THE PROBLEM OF URBAIN SPATIAL COHERENCE
Authors: Boulkroune Fatima Zohra  , Hammoud Naima
Published: December 2024

Through an assessment of the level of urban coherence in the city of Jijel, it was concluded that the city suffers from a lack of coherence in its urban components. Despite the existence of several laws related to urban planning and development, there are widespread urban violations and a significant prevalence of informal settlements in the city's urban environment. This is due to a lack of continuous monitoring by the relevant authorities and a lack of awareness of urban planning and construction laws among citizens. Some citizens even circumvent the laws. To achieve urban coherence in the city, citizens must adhere to legislative laws, and local authorities must impose strict penalties on anyone who violates or contravenes urban planning and construction laws. Additionally, it is recommended to propose projects that would give the city a coherence appearance, such as an urban coherence plan.
SCREENING of PARAMETERS for SOLID-STATE FERMENTATION OF Aspergillus niger PRODUCING CELLULOSE USING SUGARCANE BAGASSE AS SUBSTRATE
Authors: JIMAT DZUN NORAINI
Published: December 2024

Microï¬brillated cellulose (MFC) is a promising biomaterial in bionanocomposites production because of its renewable and eco-friendly properties. Conventional methods to produce MFC such as acid hydrolysis and mechanical treatment posed significant drawbacks; large amount of acid is required and increased defibrillation of alpha cellulose, respectively. Therefore, an appropriate method is very important in obtaining desired features of MFC such as high mechanical strength, high surface and low density properties. The utilization of agro-industry wastes such as sugarcane bagasse for MFC production could help to reduce the problem of lignocellulosic wastes. Thus, this study aimed to treat the sugarcane bagasse using fungal cellulases hydrolysis as a pretreatment method thus assisting the fibrillation of fiber cellulose via ultrasonication. The effects of solid-state fermentation of Aspergillus niger on cellulases activities and morphological changes of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) were investigated. Variables such as sugarcane bagasse particle size (400 and 600 Âµm), inoculum size (2% and 5%), medium pH (5 and 7), and fermentation time (5 and 15 days) were screened using 2-level factorial design (Design expert software, Stat-Ease Inc., Version 8.0). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the most significant parameter that affected the structural changes of sugarcane bagasse was its particle size. The increased glucose production indicated the increased of defibrillation of sugarcane bagasse. The use of fungal pretreatment through solid state fermentation of Aspergillus niger prior to ultrasonication was found to assist the later process in fibrillating sugarcane fibres. The results obtained from enzyme assays, optical microscope, SEM and FTIR showed the supporting evidence about the successful fibrillation cellulose of SCB.
SELECTION OF VARIOUS COAGULANTS FOR SUGAR INDUSTRY WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Authors: Ahmed Kabbashi Nassereldeen , Jami Mohammed Saedi
Published: December 2024

Sugar industry is one of the industries that produce a high amount of pollutant which if it is discharged without a proper treatment into the watercourse, it can cause problem to aquatic life and environment. For the primary treatment process, sugar wastewater can be treated by using chemical precipitation method which involves coagulation process. Currently, ferric chloride has been used as the coagulant however it consumes more alkalinity and corrosive. In this study, the suitable coagulant to be used to treat the wastewater from sugar industry and the optimum conditions to achieve high percentage removal of COD was determined. Before any treatment of the wastewater, the characteristic of the wastewater was determined. By using aluminium sulphate, ferric chloride and polyaluminium chloride as coagulant, the most suitable coagulant to be used for the treatment was studied by determining their efficiency to reduce COD and TSS in the wastewater at different dosage. The optimum condition of the coagulant (pH, coagulant dosage, fast mixing speed) was determined by using Design Expert software. The result shown that alum can be used to effectively remove 42.9% of COD and 100% of TSS at high dosage (50mg/l). The optimum condition of alum was at pH 5.2, 10mg/l of alum and 250rpm fast mixing speed. This shows that at optimum condition, alum can be used to treat wastewater from sugar industry.
ADSORPTION STUDIES OF GRAPHENE OXIDE FOR LEAD REMOVAL FROM SYNTHETIC WASTEWATER
Authors: Nik Abdul Ghani Nik Rashida , Mohammed Saedi Jami  , Ku Abdullah Ku Mariam Zainab
Published: December 2024

Lead contamination present in wastewater is one of the major problems due to its toxicity and persistence. This issue increased dramatically and led to environmental and health concern worldwide. Therefore, this study aims to remove lead from synthetic wastewater effluent by adsorption process. In this study, nanomaterial called graphene oxide is used as an adsorbent due to its mechanical strength and high surface area. The parameters were optimized using Fractional factorial design under response surface method. Graphene oxide demonstrates high adsorption capacity, qmax = 500 mg/g at 100 mg/L of initial lead concentration and at optimum pH 9. Adsorption isotherm of lead was also investigated to evaluate the adsorption capacity. The equilibrium data of graphene oxide adsorption was better represented by the Langmuir isotherm and was achieved within 60 minutes. The results showed that GO is potential to be an important adsorbent for lead removal. In the future, GO might be imbedded as an adsorbent in the membrane fabrication for wastewater treatment
PRELIMINARY STUDY ON FORMULATION OF PVA-BASED FACE MASK INCORPORATED WITH SUGARCANE BAGASSE MICROFIBRILLATED CELLULOSE
Authors: Jimat Dzun Noraini , Mohamad Istisyhad , Amid Azura , Azmi Azlin Suhaida , Abd. Wahab Mohd Firdaus
Published: December 2024

Bio cellulose facial masks have gained a huge interest in the cosmetic industry. The raw materials such as plant biomass, bacteria and algae have been used as producers of cellulose. In this study, several formulated facial masks (F1,F2,F3,F4 and F5) incorporated with nanocellulose extracted from sugarcane bagasse (SCB) have been prepared. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and nanocellulose of sugarcane bagasse (NC-SCB) concentrations were varied to get appropriate  composition of  the facial masks. The nanocellulose was extracted through chemical treatment assisted with ultrasonication. The physicochemical characteristics of the formulated facial masks in terms of appearance and drying time as well as its organoleptic characteristics; adhesion to skin, spreadability, colour and odour were evaluated. Spectral analysis of the best formulation (F3) and standard formulation of facial mask with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) (F6) were compared to observe their chemical structural changes. The results showed that the formulated facial mask, F3 has better performance in term of drying time and adhesion to skin when compared to standard formulation using sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). This proves that the presence of nanocellulose of sugarcane bagasse showed competitive performance with the standard formulation of facial mask.
CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE WITH LIPID PRODUCTION IN INTEGRATED SYSTEM OF AQUEOUS AMMONIA WITH MARINE MUTANT SYNECHOCOCCUS PCC 7002 IIUM01
Authors: Azmi Azlin Suhaida , Awan Mohamed Anwar , Amid Azura , Mohamad Puad Noor Illi , Ali Fathilah
Published: December 2024

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) involve capturing, transporting and storing CO2 underground geological permanently. Carbon capture using solvent such as amine and aqueous ammonia has been extensively studied by many researchers.  However, this capture technology for CCS scheme is comparatively costly.  Alternatively, CO2 emission can be captured and stored by utilizing the well-understood natural photosynthetic process of marine cyanobacteria. However, the capturing process is very slow compared to chemical absorption. Hence, this study concentrates on carbon capturing and storing using integrated of aqueous ammonia and mutated marine cyanobacteria (Synechococcus PCC 7002 IIUM01). The objective of the study was to identify conditions that would maximize CO2 reduction under varying conditions namely CO2 flow rate, absorption temperature and aqueous ammonia concentrations. The effectiveness of the mutant cyanobacteria was quantified by measuring the cell concentration, percentage reduction in carbon dioxide concentration, and lipid content. Synechococcus PCC 7002 IIUM01 showed it robustness by growing in aqueous ammonia solution at concentration between 0.5 to 1%(w/v) which the parent strain was not able to tolerate.  The best conditions maximizing CO2 capture and storage while sustaining growth optimally and being a potential biofuel source was 0.5 Lpm of 15% CO2 gas flow rate, 0.75% (w/v) of ammonia concentration and at 33oC of optimum temperature. At this condition, around 68% of CO2 removal was achieved with 9% yield of lipid and more than 13% (w/v) of cell concentration
EFFECTS OF DAIDZIN AND ANALOGUE OF GANODERMA SINENSE ON BACTERIALLY-EXPRESSED HUMAN HEXOKINASE ISOFORM 2 FOR ANTI-DENGUE DRUG DESIGN
Authors: Nur Atikah Asman  , Suriyea Tanbin  , Ahmad Fuad Fazia Adyani
Published: December 2024

Dengue disease, which is caused by dengue virus (DENV) has been a major worldwide concern, with increased number of cases each year. Currently, there are no specific medications to treat the disease. Hence, there is a dire need to develop novel drugs for disease treatment.  Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that serves as the main source of energy for DENV replication and targeting the pathway is one of the ideal approach to discover new anti-DENV drugs.  This paper focuses on the inhibition of the human hexokinase isoform 2 (HK2) enzyme, which is one of the important enzymes in glycolysis, in the quest  to disrupt DENV replication. In order to search for potential inhibitors, two methods were conducted, which are ligand-based screening and structure-based screening approaches. The docking  of Daidzin, which was derived from Kudzu, a Japanese plant, has shown the nearest binding affinity score (-7.94 kcal/mol)  to Glucose‘s (GLC), which is -8.15 kcal/mol. Meanwhile, from the ligand-based screening, Ethyl (2R)-2-[[3-[2-[(4-methylbenzoyl)amino]ethyl]-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazin-6-yl]sulfanyl]butanoate, a compound which is the analogue of Ganoderma sinense with a binding score of -8.43 kcal/mol was chosen for the subsequent inhibition studies. These compounds were further analysed in an inhibition assay to determine the effects of of the  potential naturally-derived inhibitors on the activity of HK2. The outcome from the inhibition study shows that both compounds exhibited substantial inhibition on HK2 enzyme, where Daidzin, at 0.5 mM, resulted in HK2 remaining activity of 88.98%, while Ethyl (2R)-2-[[3-[2-[(4-methylbenzoyl)amino]ethyl]-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazin-6-yl]sulfanyl]butanoate  (Ethyl (2R)) resulted in 69.58% of HK2 remaining activity, also at 0.5 mM concentration. In conclusion, this study has served as a platform for the development of anti-dengue drugs based on naturally-derived compounds, which is anticipated to be a safer option for dengue treatment
SURFACE FUNCTIONALIZATION OF MESOPOROUS HOLLOW CARBON NANOPARTICLES USING UV/OZONE TREATMENT
Authors: Muhammad Nur Amir Azman  , Ahmad Nor Yusilawati , Samsudin Nurhusna , Ma’an Fahmi Rashid Alkhatib  , Tshai Kim Yeow
Published: December 2024

Carbon nanoparticles have been widely used in various applications. However, they are commonly known to have low dispersibility and chemical inertness which limit their practicallability in medical or biological area. Some studies have been performed to modified carbon nanoparticles such as carbon nanotubes using UV-Ozone system. However, little is known on the effect of such system towards other types of carbon nanoparticles such as mesoporous hollow carbon nanoparticles (MHCNs). Thus in this study, improvement of MHCNs physiochemical properties have been studied using UV-Ozone treatment for the first time. The treatment was conducted in water as dispersant agent at ozone flowrate of 1.0 L/min and exposure time of 45 min. SEM images observed that MHCNs morphology and surface structure remain intact after the treatment. Observations on the dispersibility of MHCNs in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution shows that the dispersibility was improved compared to the untreated ones. This was supported by the low Z-average and PDI values  of treated MHCNs obtained at ~400 nm and 0.2 respectively when compared to  untreated MHCNs which obtained at 970 d.nm and 0.417 respectively. Thermogalvimetric analysis (TGA) also shows an increased in weight loss of treated MHCNs at lower temperature compared to untreated ones. Results from fourier transform infrared (FTIR) shows an increased number of new functional groups that include carboxylic acid group presence at surface of treated MHCNs which contributed to the improvement of their dispersibility, thermal properties and chemical functionality. These findings opened a new possibility of using UV/Ozone treatment to improve physicochemical properties of MHCNs for medical area such as in drug delivery application in addition to their excellent drug storage and carrier system.
AGARWOOD BRANCH ETHANOLIC EXTRACT: OPTIMAL EXTRACTION PROCESS CONDITIONS AND CYTOTOXIC EFFECTS
Authors: Abbas Phirdaous , Hashim Yumi Zuhanis Has-Yun , Mohd Salleh Hamzah , Syed Abdul Azzizz Saripah Salbiah
Published: December 2024

Uninfected agarwood branch is readily available as raw material in agarwood plantation as new practices of agarwood plantation scheme were opted as substitute to the endangered wild type agarwood. The uninfected branch can be easily obtained during pruning process (one of plantation’s common maintenance procedure), throughout the years before inoculation stage. This current study aimed to investigate the optimal extraction process conditions of agarwood branch using ethanol as solvent system for maximal yield, and assess its cytotoxic effects towards MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Uninfected branch of Aquilaria subintegra was subjected to One Factor at a Time (OFAT) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM)-guided ethanolic extraction to achieve maximal yield. The extract was then subjected to cytotoxicity, cell attachment and cell viability assays, respectively. Optimization Run 2 (temperature 45 °C, solid-liquid ratio of 1:30, 16 hours maceration) gave the highest agarwood branch ethanolic extract (ABEE) yield of 44.70 ± 18.9 mg/g dried material (DM).  Meanwhile Run 7 (temperature 45 °C, solid-liquid ratio of 1:10, 16 hours of maceration) gave the lowest yield (19.34 ± 14.1 mg/g DM). However, while maintaining the 16 hour-maceration, the model predicted a slightly lower yield of 30.232 ± 0.266 mg/g DM of ABEE with process conditions of 45 °C and solid-liquid ratio of 1:19 when the desirable parameters were factored in namely using (i) the most suitable temperature (that does not risk the bioactivities of the extract), and (ii) an economical volume of solvent. Crude ABEE obtained from the optimal process conditions resulted in cytotoxicity effects on MCF-7 breast cancer cells with IC50 estimate of 3.645 ± 0.099 µg/mL. The extract also affected MCF-7 cell attachment and viability with altered morphology. More work to elucidate the mechanism of actions of the extract are warranted; which could further lead to development of breast cancer natural product-based therapeutics.
INVESTIGATION OF THE USE OF DATE SEED FOR REMOVAL OF BORON FROM SEAWATER
Authors: Moussa Mohamed Ahmed  , Nik Rashida Nik Abdul Ghani  , Mohammed Saedi Jami  , Mohamed Elwathig Saeed Mirghani  , MD. Noor Salleh
Published: December 2024

Boron has been classified as a pollutant of drinking water in many countries. Boron is harmful to many plants especially sensible plants and human health. Therefore, boron level needs to be decreased to 0.3 mg/L for drinking water and from 0.5 mg/L to 1 mg/L for irrigation water. In this study, various operational parameters are investigated to determine the potential of using date seed (or date pit or date stone) to remove boron from seawater. The main objective of this study was to determine boron adsorption capacities of date seeds prepared by various methods (i.e., powdered, activated, acid treated and defatted seed) by batch adsorption process using boron contaminated synthetic seawater. The process parameters of the selected biosorbent among the four date seed preparations methods were optimized. The surface characteristics were analysed by using FTIR and SEM. The results showed that acid treated date seed was the best biosorbent in terms of removal of boron from aqueous solution with 89.18% of removal of boron at neutral pH, liquid to solid ratio of 5 within 2 hours of reaction time at room temperature (25°C±2°C).
PROFILING OF COMPOUNDS IN HYDROSOL EXTRACT OF AQUILARIA (AGARWOOD) SPECIES USING GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY (GCMS)
Authors: Hashim Yumi Zuhanis Has-Yun , Jafar Ali Natasha , Zainurin Nur Aimi Aliah , Abbas Phirdaous
Published: December 2024

Most researches involving agarwood mainly focused on extracting the agarwood oil from the infiltrated resin, the most sought non-timber forest product from Aquilaria species with high demand and prices. This led to other parts of this valuable plant species being considered as waste. This include the agarwood hydrosol (byproduct of water distillation). Hydrosol has been reported to retain certain aromatics of its primary essential oil. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to identify the composition of the agarwood hydrosol extracts from Aquilaria species by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS). From the analysis, there were a total of 46, 48, 40, 53, 58 and 62 compounds detected in hydrosol extract samples of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 respectively. Accordingly, the oxygenated and phenolic compounds were found to be present in all hydrosol extract samples. The detected phenolic compounds include Phenol, 2,5-bis (1,1-dimethylethyl)-,.Phenol, 2,4-bis (1,1-dimethylethyl)- and 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methyl ester. These compounds are believed to possess various potential biological activities including antioxidant activities. Sample 1 and 2 consist of sesquiterpene compounds such as (-)-Aristolene, Naphthalene, decahydro-4a-methyl-1-methylene-7-(1-methylethylidene)-,(4aR-trans)-,Azulene,1,2,3,3a,4,5,6,7-octahydro-1,4-dimethyl-7-(1-methylethenyl)-,[1R-(1.alpha.,3a.beta.,4.alpha.,7.beta.)]- and alloaromadendrene where the later had the highest number of oxygenated and antioxidant compounds. In conclusion, results from this study suggests that agarwood hydrosol possesses myriad of compounds that warrant further investigation based on their potential medicinal benefits. This in turn could help realize the waste to wealth paradigm as well as promote the material as sustainable source for development of halal therapeutics.
PRELIMINARY SURVEY ON FOOD WASTES DISPOSAL BY RESIDENTS IN GOMBAK AREA
Authors: Nik Azman Nik Nurul Hamiza , Jimat Dzun Noraini , Sulaiman Sarina
Published: December 2024

In Malaysia, 8.33 million tons of food waste was generated in 2015, and 70% of the wastes have been sent to landfills daily. Since most food wastes are disposed to landfills, it lead to methane generation resulting in a significant greenhouse emission. Thus, in this study, the food waste survey was conducted focuses on Gombak residents purposely to characterise food waste disposal survey data and study the effect of household size on amount of food waste generated daily using SPSS software. In this study, quantitative research was adopted by using the online survey tool, Google form to collect sufficient data. The SPSS analysis result (size of sample=89) does not support the hypothesis that household size positively impacts the amount of food waste disposed of daily. In this case, limitations such as time constraints leading to low sample size and respondents did not weight their food waste were the main reasons for the failure in rejecting the null hypothesis.
PROCESS SCALE-UP CRITERIA IN PRODUCTION OF RECOMBINANT PROTEINS IN E. COLI: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Hussein Mohamed Gameil Abeir , Yusof Faridah , Azmi Azlin Suhaida , Mohamad Puad Noor Illi
Published: December 2024

This systematic review provides an overview of the scale-up of recombinant protein production. A systematic search was conducted using pre-established terms in four electronic databases (PubMed, Europe PMC, Science Direct, and Scopus), and included journal articles published between 1999 to 14 November 2019. Studies that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria specified were included. Initially, 665 abstracts were screened, of which 595 were excluded. A further 58 articles were excluded after full-text review and 14 articles underwent quality assessment. Finally, only eight (8) eligible articles were identified and included in this review. Oxygen transfer, shear, and production costs were identified as the main factor that affected the choice and success of a scale-up strategy. The comparison of different fermentation systems revealed that maintaining kLa constant was found to be effective in all included studies which employed it, and superior in the two studies that compared it to other criteria. Risk of bias assessment revealed that publication bias and reporting bias are significant issues to be considered in scale-up. Overall, these findings provide insight that can assist researchers to improve the scaling up of fermentation processes and achieve a successful scale-up of recombinant protein production using E. coli as the host.
PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CASCARA POWDER FROM COFFEE PULP
Authors: Agustin Sherly , Wiliana Angelica , Angela Justina Kumalaputri  , Abduh Muhammad Yusuf
Published: December 2024

Despite being a waste product of the coffee industry, coffee pulp contains a range of valuable nutrients. With the increasing demand for coffee in the current market, the status quo presents an opportunity for its valorization into a food ingredient such as cascara flour. Hence, this study is aimed to analyze the amylographic and nutritive properties of cascara to support its development as a product. Cascara powdering was done with different blender speed (scale 1, 2, and 3) and duration (1, 2, and 3 minutes) variations. It is found that the finer particles are achieved with greater blender speed and longer process duration. The powder within the size range of 0.074-0.149 mm possesses a lower gelatinization temperature and a higher maximum viscosity value than those of 0.149-0.177 mm, while also having a lower swelling power value. The amylose concentration present within the cascara flour is also relatively low (10.23%) compared to the market-available flour, which causes the cascara powder to possess a high gelatinization temperature (85-95 °C), low maximum viscosity (132.5-265 cP), and low swelling power (3.214-7.026 g water/ g starch). The cascara powder is found to follow a dilatant time-independent non-Newtonian fluid characteristic. The nutritional content in cascara powder includes 61.7% carbohydrates, 9.902% protein, 20.95% fiber, and 528 mg of vitamin C per 100 g sample.
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON ORGANIC AND INORGANIC FERTILIZERS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF TOMATO AND CUCUMBER UNDER GREENHOUSE CONDITIONS
Authors: Mohamed Rania E. , Lubna Mohamed Musa Mohamed  , Abdelmalik Eltayeb. M
Published: December 2024

Organic fertilizers are derived mainly from animal matter, human excreta or crop residues, while chemical fertilizers are defined as any inorganic material of wholly or partially synthetic origin, that is added to the soil to sustain plant growth. This study was designed to compare between a commercial organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizers and their effects on growth and yield of tomato and cucumber under greenhouse conditions . The experiment was conducted in the cropping season of 2016/2017 at the University of Gezira. The experiment consist of four treatments viz. control , inorganic fertilizers, organic fertilizers (commercial organic fertilizer, Elkhaseeb ,of only cow manure) and a combination between organic and inorganic fertilizers. The soil of the experimental site is a riverain silt loam soil .The experiment for the two vegetable crops was arranged in a split plot design with three replications, and two factors, commercial  organic fertilizer (OM) and chemical fertilizers (MN) which include nitrogen in the form of urea and phosphorus in the form of triple superphosphate. Foliar fertilization of micronutrients with Ca and B, was used for all treatments. Commercial organic fertilizer: OM  was added at the rate of 15 tons /ha and nitrogen was added as urea at 86 kg/ha (2N) . Phosphorus was applied as triple superphosphate at 43 kg P2O5/ha (1P).  Tomato seedlings of cultivar Termis were transplanted on the ninth of February,2017 whereas cucumber seeds, variety Leader were planted on  the first of February,2017.The results showed that the effect of combination of  inorganic fertilizers and organic fertilizers is significantly higher than application of either fertilizer alone. The combination resulted in 417.65 kg /ha of tomatoes and 823.53 kg / ha of cucumber. Application of the commercial organic fertilizer alone gave 261.4kg / ha in tomatoes, while in cucumber it gave732.03 kg /ha. Inorganic fertilizers alone gave 256.84 kg/ha in tomatoes and 447.7kg/ha in cucumber. This lead to a recommendation that application of combined fertilizers (organic+ inorganic) is the best practice for tomato and cucumber under greenhouse conditions, than any of the two fertilizers alone.
HALALAN TOYYIBAN FLANKED BY RELIGION, REGULATION AND GLOBALIZATION
Authors: Mirghani Mohamed Elwathig Saeed , Elgharbawy Amal , Jaiyeoba Haruna , Wan Sulaiman Wan Syibrah Hanisah
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT: Nowadays food production and nutrition are among the biggest challenges. Globalization has drawn attention to inequalities in access to food and issues of food quality. It has also increased awareness about the importance of healthy and sustainable production of safe and wholesome nutrition. The Islamic term ‘Halal’ means ‘fit’ or ‘proper’ and signifies foods conforming to Muslim dietary law. Halalan Toyyiban products are subject to elaborate Islamic law, rules that have warranted the new products globalization regulations. Kosher stands as mandatory for Jew's dietary law almost the same as halal for Muslims. The growing importance of food quality and safety standards in international markets is influencing the production and marketing conditions of farmers worldwide. This article shows how halal regulation works in the traditional and new biotechnology used in food, cosmetics, pharmaceutical and medicinal products. The existing studies on halal production of foods, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, and regulation have emerged mostly from within business studies and the food sciences, the broader institutional picture and the personal relationships between certifiers and businesses that frame these procedures are not yet fully understood in some places or for some products. However, based on empirical research and interaction with traditional and modern biotech companies, food producers, slaughterhouses, and governmental organisations and authorities, in Malaysia, one may be able to provide and guarantee that when Malaysian governmentality warrants a product as ‘halal’ and thereby helps to format standardise the market.
A REVIEW ON ROSMARINIC ACID RICH EXTRACT FOR SKIN REGENERATION THROUGH RAPAMYCIN SIGNALING PATHWAY
Authors: Hasham Rosnani , Maniarasu Nagainthini , Jemon Khairunadwa , Abd Latif Nurriza , Bahari Hasnah
Published: December 2024

Rosmarinic acid is a phenolic compound procured from the species of the Boraginaceae and the Lamiaceae subfamily Nepetoideae. Rosmarinic acid has numeral of biologically stimulating properties. Rosmarinic acid is a chemical constituent which is a major compound found in Orthosiphon aristatus leaves and it is about 5-10% w/w in the ethanolic extract of the leaves. The skin is the largest organ of a human body and it is frequently impacted by a variety of environmental conditions, such as skin infections, skin oxidation, wounds, UV radiation exposure and skin aging. In both physiological and pathological conditions, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) / protein kinase B (AKT) enzyme aids in the preservation and repair of the epidermis, dermis, and hair follicles layer of the skin. PI3K/Akt manages cell proliferation, differentiation, migration as well as angiogenesis and metabolism. This review paper compiles, summarizes and considers on skin regenerative and wound healing.
FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERIZATION OF PUTATIVE LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (LHY) GENE IN Stevia rebaudiana MS007 via IN SILICO ANALYSIS
Authors: Samsulrizal Nurul Hidayah , Abdul Rahim Zabirah , Mohamad Nazar Siti Noor Eliana , Mustafa Nur Farhana
Published: December 2024

Stevia rebaudiana is a medicinal herb that has been known as a low-calorie sweetener. It has been recognised as an artificial sweetener that is 300 times sweeter than sucrose. It is a commercially important sweetener that has been consumed as food and medicine due to its ability to reduce blood sugar levels. Stevioside is one of the important compounds that give food a sweet taste. Previous studies showed a high amount of stevioside could be produced by delaying the flowering process of stevia. The aim of this study is to isolate and characterise the putative Late Elongated Hypocotyl (LHY) gene that is involved in the flowering process by using bioinformatics tools. Both analysis by using BLAST and domain search found that LHY gene involved in flowering process. These domains are SANT/Myb domain (IPR001005/SM000717), TEA domain (SM00426), Myb domain (IPR017930), and Myb domain plants (IPR006447). The phylogenetic tree was built using 20 out of 100 protein sequences from BLAST. The physico-chemical properties of putative LHY protein had been conducted through ProtParam and TMHMM showed the protein is globular protein. The phylogenetic tree construction indicated the common ancestor for the putative LHY protein, which is from the same family, i.e., Asteraceae. In summary, this study improves our knowledge of the Stevia MS007 LHY gene by in-silico analysis. Therefore, future research should focus on determining the precise function of the protein in regulating the blooming stage of the stevia plant.
AI-BASED WASTE MANAGEMENT OPTIMIZATION IN THE HALAL FOOD INDUSTRY OF MALAYSIA: A MINI REVIEW
Authors: Abdalla Olla , Ahmad Tajuddin Husna , Saedi Jami Mohammed
Published: December 2024

Solid waste management (SWM) has become a critical issue in Malaysia, with increasing amounts of waste generated every year and limited resources available to manage it effectively. Additionally, the halal food industry is rapidly growing and expanding globally due to the rising Muslim population, predicted to reach 2.2 billion by 2030 at an annual growth rate of 1.5 percent. This increasing production and consumption of halal food has an impact on the environment. Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to revolutionize solid waste management by improving efficiency, reducing costs, and optimizing waste management processes. This mini review provides an overview of the impact of AI on solid waste management in Malaysia, focusing on the current trends, challenges, and opportunities in the industry, particularly in the halal food sector. The review offers insights into the potential of AI in enhancing waste collection, optimizing waste management processes, improving resource recovery and recycling, and reducing waste to landfill. Additionally, the review explores the current initiatives, projects, and developments in the field of AI and solid waste management in Malaysia and identifies areas for future research and collaboration. The review concludes that AI has a significant role to play in improving solid waste management in Malaysia, and continued investment and development in this area is necessary to achieve sustainable waste management practices. Furthermore, its findings have the potential for wider applications and inspire future research in AI-based waste management solutions across various industries. The findings and recommendations of this review have the potential to be adapted and implemented in other industries facing similar waste management challenges.
COMPARISON STUDY BETWEEN HYDROTHERMAL AND COPRECIPITATION METHOD FOR GREEN SYNTHESIZE OF MAGNETIC SILVER NANOPARTICLES
Authors: Abdullah Mohammad Aiman Hakim , Abdul Aziz Ainul Husna , Engliman Nurul Sakinah
Published: December 2024

Nanoparticle research has been attractive for the past decade due to its unique electronic, mechanical, optical, chemical, and magnetic properties, which can be used in various applications, including sensors, medical, food, and others. Yet, the use of toxic chemicals in the synthesis of nanoparticles limits their potential use in the medical and food industries. The green synthesis of nanoparticles is eco-friendly and well-suited for many applications. However, there are some issues related to it as there are limited comparisons made between nanoparticles synthesized through different routes, and even the physiochemical and morphological properties are also not compared. Therefore, this study attempts to synthesize magnetic silver nanoparticles using the greener technique, which utilized the banana peel waste extract as the reductant during the synthesis of nanoparticles. The banana peel waste extract and the nanoparticles were characterized using a UV-VIS spectrometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) to analyze the properties of the extract and the fabricated nanoparticles. The results found that the -OH group was present in both banana peel extract as well and the synthesis of silver nanoparticles in FTIR analysis, which is believed to come from the phenolic group that helps in the reduction of silver ions to silver nanoparticles during the synthesis process. VSM analysis indicates that the synthesized silver nanoparticles had ferromagnetic properties of 2.83 emu/g for the coprecipitation method and 3.91 emu/g for a hydrothermal method, which is considered stronger to be utilized for further application. In addition, FESEM analysis shows that the hydrothermal could synthesize the uniformly distributed and mono-dispersed spherical shape compared to the coprecipitation method, which produces uneven shapes like rods, pellets, and spheres. The study concludes that the green-synthesized silver nanoparticles using banana peel waste extracts could produce medium-strength magnetic silver nanoparticles, especially through a hydrothermal process when the diluted precursor ions were used compared to concentrated ones.
Protection of pine plantations in Ukrainian Polissia
Authors: Yanitskyi Volodymyr
Published: December 2024

The protection of pine plantations in Ukrainian Polissia is one of the most significant environmental problems that have a significant impact on biodiversity, ecological balance and climatic conditions. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of the bioorganic composition “Meganit Nirbator” on the growth and development of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) planting material. The methods used in the study were: field method and laboratory method. According to the results of the study, it was found that for the period 2022-2024, a positive impact on the growth of seedlings and young pine trees was recorded on the territory of the Volodymyr-Volyn Forestry branch of the State Enterprise “Forests of Ukraine”. It was found that the bioorganic composition based on biochemical fractions of basidiomycetes stimulated the growth and development of seedlings and young trees of Scots pine. According to the results of laboratory and field studies, it was noted that an increase in the solution concentration contributed to a significant improvement in plant growth parameters: height, boot diameter, number of new shoots and chlorophyll content. The most effective were solution concentrations of 2% and 5%, which indicated increased resistance to diseases and a decrease in the number of pests. A decrease in the level of disease infections and the number of pests was noted, which indicated the high efficiency of the composition as a biofungicide and insecticide. It was demonstrated that a 5% solution of the biopreparation contributed to a 90% increase in disease resistance 12 months after the field studies, while after 24 months the resistance rate was 80%. The results of the study can be used to develop and implement environmental measures and programmes aimed at restoring Scots pine trees in the Volyn Region
Influence of body size on the composition of lipids and fatty acids in mitochondria of the mussel Mytilus edulis Linnaeus
Authors: Fokina N.N. , Sukhovskaya I.V. , Sukhotin A.A.
Published: December 2024

Mitochondria play a crucial role in energy metabolism, and the relationship between metabolic rate and body size (metabolic allometry) may be linked to membrane properties and their lipid composition. We studied the influence of body size on the lipid and fatty acid composition of mitochondria in bivalve mollusks, specifically in mussels Mytilus edulis L. from the White Sea. This study analyzed mussels of varying sizes, ranging from 0.3 to 12.7 g of soft tissue wet mass. Mitochondria were isolated from gill tissues, and their lipid and fatty acid composition was determined. It was shown that, unlike phospholipids and triacylglycerols, the sterol proportion in mitochondrial membranes varied depending on mussel size. Larger mussels had lower cholesterol proportion but higher levels of monounsaturated fatty acids. In the composition of mitochondrial phospholipids, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), especially palmitic (16:0) and stearic (18:0) acids, predominated. The proportion of SFAs decreased with increasing mussel size. Conversely, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) showed a positive correlation with body size, significantly increasing in larger individuals. The proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in White Sea mussel mitochondria was relatively low (less than 25% of the total fatty acids) and did not depend on body mass. The reduced proportion of PUFAs is characteristic of bivalve mitochondria from Arctic seas and long-lived bivalve species. Our data indicate the relative stability of the lipid and fatty acid composition of White Sea mussel mitochondria. Such fatty acid profile of mitochondrial phospholipids is likely a biochemical adaptation, enabling mussels to maintain effective activity of membrane-associated proteins regardless of their body size.
The application of a reference interval to assess the normal variability of several antioxidant system parameters in liver and muscle of the three-spined stickleback
Authors: Kochneva A.A. , Rabinovich A.L. , Lajus D.L. , Kurpe S.R. , Sukhovskaya I.V.
Published: December 2024

When conducting research, reproducibility and correct assessment of the results obtained are important tasks that require the use of modern methods and approaches. To assess the state of biological systems, significance testing of the null hypothesis with respect to the assumed values of the “norm” is often used. To assess the state of biological systems, a common approach is to test the significance of the null hypothesis in relation to the assumed values of the “norm”. Recently, however, the dichotomous approach of confirming or rejecting the null hypothesis has been criticized by data analysts due to the lack of validation of methods for assessing p-level significance and the biological validity of the hypotheses under investigation. Consequently, a novel methodology for identifying the “normal” state of biological systems was proposed and developed into the theory of reference values (RV). Furthermore, the concepts of reference interval (RI) and reference values have become prevalent in various research fields. Our study evaluated the relative intervals of several antioxidant system (AOS) parameters (glutathione S-transferase, catalase, guaiacol-dependent peroxidase, superoxide dismutase) in the liver and muscles of male three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus L. in the Seldianaya Inlet of White Sea during the spawning period. The three-spined stickleback is a species that is abundant in the White Sea and has been the subject of numerous studies on population genetics, evolutionary biology, and ecology. AOS plays a role in the defense of the organism against the negative influence of exogenous and endogenous factors causing oxidative stress. Its indicators are used as biomarkers of the physiological state of the organism. The activity of AOS enzymes in stickleback samples from other biotopes of the White Sea (Sukhaya Salma Strait and Koliushkovaya Lagoon) was also compared with each other and relatively calculated RI. Stickleback from the Koliushkovaya Lagoon and the Sukhaya Salma Strait differed in liver superoxide dismutase activity, and the mean values of enzyme activity were included in the RI. To assess the reproducibility of statistical tests, the effect of stickleback sample size on the result of comparing samples was modeled using t-criterion, and the type of dependence and sample sizes at 50% probability of a positive test were determined. The data obtained on biomarkers of oxidative stress in male G. aculeatus may prove useful for monitoring the state of stickleback populations with the aim of developing this species as a model object for ecological studies of both the White Sea ecosystem and the fish population in this reservoir.
Психологічні аспекти використання штучного інтелекту у навчанні математики: огляд закордонних публікацій
Authors: Матяш Андрій , Юрченко Ганна
Published: December 2024

Artificial intelligence in education is transforming learning processes and student competence. According to many foreign researchers, advancements in computer technologies, particularly artificial intelligence (AI), offer the opportunity to better understand individual learning problems and provide personalized support to improve mathematics learning outcomes. AI can be used to create intelligent learning systems that customize materials for individual students, which will help enhance their learning results. Such achievements in the use of AI can positively impact the quality of mathematics education. AI has the potential to improve the teaching and learning of mathematics. Foreign researchers note that while AI-based learning methodologies offer numerous advantages, it is important to consider the potential dangers and issues associated with their use in education. There is a potential risk that teachers may become overly reliant on data-driven information, which could lead to the undervaluation of their professional judgment and observational skills. There are also concerns about data privacy and security: the collection and analysis of student data raise issues of privacy and data security. Additionally, there is the possibility that teachers or administrators may misinterpret the data provided by AI-based learning tools, leading to incorrect decisions or interventions that may not align with the true interests of students. Summarizing the review of analyzed foreign publications, this article systematizes specific recommendations from foreign researchers for mathematics teachers.
Чи є місце параметрам у шкільному курсі математики?
Authors: Прус Алла , Чемерис Ольга
Published: December 2024

The question of the expediency and usefulness of problems with parameters in the Mathematics course taught in secondary schools in Ukraine is raised in this study. The purpose of the paper is to present the author's own vision of the possibility of forming the concept of parameter in the school course of Mathematics, starting from the primary school.
It is noted that the process of forming the concept of a parameter is effective if its participants are motivated, have the competence to carry out this process, and appropriate starting conditions for this process and conditions for its support during the course of study are created. It has been found that in primary school, two of the four existing model curricula of Algebra do not include problems with parameters. In the other two, such tasks are included in additional topics. That is, the question of the expediency of learning to solve them is at the discretion of the teacher. Nine current seventh-grade textbooks created by different authors were analyzed to determine whether they mention parameters or have problems with parameters in the topic “Linear equations with one variable”, where parameters could naturally appear in the primary school course of Mathematics. It was found that most textbooks do not use the concept of a parameter in the definition of a linear equation; and only one textbook introduces the concept of a linear equation with a parameter in a special section for those who want to know more. At the same time, in almost all textbooks, problems with parameters are actually included in the system of problems for the topic “Linear equations with one variable”. However, they are in a “hidden” form, as the wording of the tasks does not contain the word ‘parameter’. The paper outlines the topics of Algebra in grades from 7th to 9th, which could be taught to pupils to solve problems with parameters explicitly. This could help pupils not to be afraid of such tasks in the future and develop the ability to solve basic problems with parameters. The paper emphasizes the importance of keeping problems with parameters in the school course of Mathematics.