bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rasgos morfoestructurales de la llanura amázonica del Perú: efecto de la neotéctonica sobre los cambios fluviales y la delimitación de las provincias morfológicas
Authors: Dumont Jean-François
Published: November 2022

Morphostructural trends of the amazonian regions of Peru: the effect of neotectonics on fluvial changes and upland wetland boundaries

Abstracts

The Amazonian regions of Peru are discussed within the context of current knowledge on recent Andean tectonics and their impact on river drainage. The main morphostructural provinces are the foothills or Subandean Zone which are bordered on the east by large depressions in the Marañón Basin of northeastern Peru, the Madre de Dios region of southern Peru and further to the east the Brazilian craton (Iquitos Geanticline). The structural framework of the Subandean Zone consists of the Subandean Thrust and Fold Belt (STFB) West which crops out mostly in the Upper Foothills, and the Subandean Tilted Block Zone (STBZ) East which is concentrated mainly in the Lower Foothills.

The main rivers which cross the STFB are antecedent or superimposed, but the secondary drainage channels conform to these structures and are subsequent. The STBZ river basins run parallel to the structural contour. The Marañón basin comprises a northern depression along the Pastaza River, and to the south is the large Ucamara depression with its extended floodplains and structurally controlled lakes. To the east, the Iquitos geanticline represents a positively epeirogenic structure on the western border of the South American craton.

The rivers showing active meander belts (Marañón, Ucayali and Tapiche) are drained by white (silty) water from the Andes. Watersheds are drained by stable black water (from organic acids) streams with underfit patterns like the Samiria and Pacaya rivers. The underfit pattern is interpreted as the abandonment of formerly active large streams of white water. The position in the depression of the black water streams suggests successive shiftings of the Marañón and Ucayali rivers respectively northward (50 km) and southeastward (100 km) during the recent time, probably the Holocene. The geodynamical environment of the Ucamara depression suggests a close relation between the recent tectonic activity and the successive shifting of the Marañón and Ucayali rivers.

The three large areas of swamp and lakes are presented: the Concordia, Puinahua and the Punga lakes. Their features are discussed in relation to deep faults and fold belts in the basement.

Neotectonic data as well as data from earthquake focal mechanisms are compared to the present morphostructural scheme of the area, and discussed in term of quaternary tectonic evolution.
El fenómeno El Niño y los moluscos de la costa peruana
Authors: Diaz Amanda , Ortlieb Luc
Published: November 2022

Resumen

Entre otros bioindicadores del fenómeno El Niño, los moluscos litorales presentan la ventaja de tener un esqueleto carbonatado que suele preservarse tanto en conchales de origen antrópico, como en depósitos geológicos naturales. Por la distribución de las provincias zoogeográficas en la costa del Perú y por el fuerte impacto de las anomalías océano climáticas del Niño en esta región, es de esperarse que las conchas de moluscos subactuales o fósiles puedan jugar un papel importante en la identificación de ocurrencias de eventos El Niño en el pasado. Se analizan, pues, las evidencias de presencia /ausencia de ciertas especies de bivalvos y gastrópodos en depósitos arqueológicos y geológicos, a la luz de las observaciones realizadas sobre el impacto de los eventos recientes de 1982-1983 y 1986-1987. Esta recopilación de datos relativos a eventos El Niño de los últimos años y a posibles ocurrencias del fenómeno en épocas más remotas, muestra que todavía quedan muchas incógnitas en cuanto a la dinámica poblacional y la ecología de los moluscos en respuesta a la anomalía oceanográfica. Por lo tanto, una cierta prudencia es necesaria al pretender reconstituir este tipo de anomalías en el pasado. En algunos casos, sin embargo, se presume la ocurrencia de condiciones de tipo El Niño, durante el Holoceno como en ciertos interglaciales del Pleistoceno, las que aparentemente permitieron el traslado de larvas de organismos de la Provincia Panameña, o de la Zona de Transición de Paita, hasta las costas del Centro y Sur del Perú (Provincia Peruana).
Beach-ridge series in northern Peru: chronology, correlation and relationship with major Late Holocene El Niño events
Authors: Ortlieb Luc , Fournier Marc , Macharé José
Published: November 2022

Secuencias de cordones litorales en el norte del Perú: cronología, correlación y relaciones con mayores eventos El Niño del Holoceno tardío

Resumen

Las secuencias de cordones litorales observadas cerca de la desembocadura de los mayores ríos de la costa norte del Perú (Santa, Chira, Piura) podrían reflejar los mayores eventos El Niño de la segunda mitad del Holoceno. Con el objetivo de averiguar esta interpretación, se reexamina aquí las principales características de las dos secuencias de cordones observadas en ambos lados de la desembocadura del río Chira, y en particular el conjunto de datos radiocronológicos obtenidos sobre estos cordones. Se confirma que los cordones de las dos secuencias difieren entre sí tanto por el tipo de sedimento como por su morfología, pero que en los dos casos su formación implicó condiciones meteorológicas y procesos oceanógraficos que caracterizan eventos El Niño muy fuertes. Los fechamientos por radiocarbono de conchas marinas y carbon mucstrcados dentro y sobre los cordones sugieren que las dos series se fueron formando paralelamente en los últimos 4500 años. Los cordones se habrían formado a intervalos de tiempo de 100-600 años. La comparación geomorfológica de las dos series de cordones, su disposición geométrica y el conjunto de datos geocronológicos llevan a establecer una correlación cronológica entre las dos secuencias. Esta correlación tiende a confirmar que la formación de estas construcciones litorales fue ligada a los más violentos trastornos océano climáticos de tipo El Niño que ocurrieron en los últimos milenios.
Algunos apuntes históricos adicionales sobre la cronología de El Niño
Authors: Mabres Antonio , Woodman Ronald , Zeta Rosa
Published: November 2022

Resumen

Es necesario continuar haciendo esfuerzos para establecer un registro homogéneo y lo más completo y confiable posible de los eventos del fenómeno ENSO. La región de Piura tiene una alta sensibilidad al fenómeno, cuya presencia da lugar siempre a abundantes lluvias. Por esto, las fuentes históricas provenientes de esta región son muy importantes. Además complementarán los estudios dendrocronológicos que se realizan también en la región.

Se dan nuevas fuentes históricas sobre las lluvias en Piura. La más interesante es del periódico El Amigo del Pueblo, del año 1906, que recoge datos año a año de 1791 a 1906. Se observa una notable concordancia con la cronología de Eguiguren que recogió Woodman (1985) y que se amplía con dichas fuentes. En cambio, hay algunas discrepancias con la relación de eventos fuertes y medianos que dan Quinn et al. (1987).

Se señalan algunos de los intervalos de años (y años singulares) extremadamente secos en los últimos 200 años.
Glaciers et évolution climatique dans les Andes boliviennes - Glacier de Zongo et glacier de Chacaltaya, Cordillère Royale, 16°S
Authors: Francou Bernard , Ribstein P.
Published: November 2022

Résumé

Par sa sensibilité et son délai de réponse bref, le glacier est d'un grand intérêt pour analyser l'évolution et la variabilité actuelles du climat entre les tropiques. Les méthodes de détermination des bilans de masse et des bilans hydrologiques, avec un pas de mesure mensuel, sont présentées. Les résultats obtenus sur trois années hydrologiques (1991-1994) montrent une grande variabilité. Celle-ci est contrôlée surtout par l'extension de la période des précipitations au sein de la saison chaude qui dure environ six mois. Les événements ENSO (El Niño Southern Oscillation ) sont associés à des bilans nettement négatifs, ce qui est démontré par la réponse du glacier à l'épisode ENSO de 1991-1992 et dans la reconstruction des bilans effectuée sur la base de données hydrologiques pour les deux dernières décennies. Le recul accéléré des glaciers tropicaux depuis les années 1980 est lié à la fois à une succession d'événements ENSO et au réchauffement atmosphérique.
Olas pulsantes en ríos canalizados de la región de La Paz
Authors: Molina Jorge , Maranganí Julia , Ribstein Pierre , Bourges Jacques , Guyot Jean Loup , Dietze C.
Published: November 2022

Écoulement ondulatoire dans des cours d'eau aménagés de la région de La Paz

La formation spontanée de trains d'ondes est analysée dans les écoulements de crues de cours d'eau aménagés situés dans la zone urbaine de la ville de La Paz. Les vagues, déferlant à des vitesses pouvant atteindre 10 m s-1, provoquent des dégâts importants à la structure même des canaux et aux constructions situées à proximité. Il n'y a pas de vagues dans les tronçons non aménagés des cours d'eau. L'écoulement ondulatoire, lié à l'instabilité du flux, a été étudié en appliquant la théorie de Montuori valable pour des eaux claires. D'une manière surprenante, cette méthode ne prédit pas la formation de vagues pour les cours d'eau étudiés. Lors des crues, des concentrations supérieures à 190 g l-1 ont été mesurées pour les sédiments en suspension. En incorporant l'influence de ces sédiments dans l'analyse théorique, on note que l'effet est négligeable. On en conclut que l'écoulement ondulatoire est lié aux caractéristiques hydrauliques des canaux mais qu'il reste un facteur non encore déterminé.
Recursos hídricos para riego en la Provincia Villarroel, Altiplano boliviano
Authors: Ledezma Rubén D. , Jiménez Alberto , Moreau Sophie , Coudrain-Ribstein Anne
Published: November 2022

Ressources hydriques pour l'irrigation dans la province Villaroel, altiplano bolivien

L'irrigation à partir du rio Desaguadero est pratiquée par gravité depuis près de 30 ans dans la zone basse de la province. Cette étude a montré que malgré une conductivité électrique de l'eau d'environ 2 mS cm-1 et grâce à une irrigation seulement de type supplémentaire, cette pratique a permis la réhabilitation de certains sols salés. Vers le piedmont, non accessibles à cette méthode d'irrigation, ce travail a initié l'irrigation à partir d'eau souterraine qui dans cette zone est douce. Avant d'amplifier l'exploitation de la ressource souterraine, il faut évaluer son volume, sa dynamique et sa qualité. Une prospection géo-électrique a permis d'établir une carte de l'épaisseur de l'aquifère (40 à 140 m) et d'estimer l'évolution de la salinité de l'eau souterraine.
De la caza-recolección a la agricultura: una perspectiva local
Authors: Bonavia Duccio
Published: November 2022

El artículo es una síntesis evaluativa de casi cuatro décadas de investigaciones en la parte baja del valle de Huarmey. A través del estudio de una serie de yacimientos que representan ocupaciones humanas que se extienden desde la llegada del hombre a las costas huarmeyanas hasta el Período Inicial, se hace un análisis de los cambios culturales que se han producido. De esto se desprende que los cazadores-recolectores serranos al establecerse junto al mar tuvieron que modificar su tecnología para adaptarse a la utilización de nuevos recursos. Con el transcurso del tiempo se ve que el utillaje lítico pierde su especialización, mientras comienzan a desarrollarse nuevas tecnologías, como las de los tejidos y las redes. Se nota claramente cómo los grupos seminómades se van convirtiendo en sedentarios y cómo se va produciendo la transición de la caza-recolección a la de recolección (marisqueo)-pesca, hasta llegar al momento en el que la horticultura se convierte en la base de sus sustento. El desarrollo de la horticultura es claro y se inicia muy temprano, en el sexto milenio a. C, con la utilización de pocas plantas, pero termina en el Precerámico final con una lista muy grande de plantas cultivadas. Esta visión de conjunto señala claramente que es la horticultura la que lleva al desarrollo de la civilización y ello invalida la hipótesis que sostiene que esta fue debida a la riqueza del mar.
Le glissement de terrain et les inondations catastrophiques de la Josefina en Équateur
Authors: Cadier Éric , Zevallos Othon , Basabe Pedro
Published: November 2022

The landslide and catastrophic flooding of the Josefina in Ecuador

On the 29th of March 1993, a large landslide with an estimated volume of 20 million m3, took place in Ecuador, damming the Paute river. This landslide caused a number of deaths estimated between 35 and more of 100. Between the 29th of March and the 1st of May, a reservoir with a volume of near 200 million m3 formed upstream of the blockage, flooding almost 1 000 hectares of fertile and occupated land and destroying roads, railways and a regional thermoelectric plant. On the 23rd of April the water started to flow out of the dam through a channel which had been excavated in the dam in order to reduce the further damage. This in turn prompted the evacuaction of the 14,000 habitants of the valley downstream, and caused great anxiety among those responsible for the Amaluza dam, situated 60 Km downstream, which produces between the 60 and the 75% of all the electric energy consumed in Ecuador. On Saturday May 1, the river's discharge rose dramatically, nearing the 10,000 m3/s mark, and exceeding the predictions of most experts. This large flow carried large rocks and destroyed everything in its path like roads, houses, bridges, etc. only leaving standing the Amaluza dam after moments of frightening suspense. This work describes some of the geotechnical and hydraulical aspects of the Josefina landslide, the rupture of the dam and the routing of the flood wave. The various methods used to predict the rupture time and peak discharge of the flood are also compared. Three methods were employed: empirical procedures, scale modelling and numerical modelling. These predictions were of vital importance to everything situated downstream. There were strong differences between the various predictions made by the experts. In addition, some aspects of the crisis management of the reconstruction and of the natural disaster prevention are considered. The rupture of the Josefina dam is an event of first magnitude where most of the parameters were known. The experience gained must be used to improve the knowledge of this kind of events and to reduce the uncertainty of the prediction methods of large dam failure.
Représentations cartographiques des facteurs de vulnérabilité des populations exposées à une menace volcanique. Application à la région du volcan Cotopaxi (Équateur)
Authors: D'Ercole Robert
Published: November 2022

Cartography of vulnerability of people at risk. Case-study: the Cotopaxi volcano area (Ecuador)

According to a social definition, vulnerability is the more or less pronounced propensity to bear damage when a natural phenomenon strikes. Mitigation of natural hazards means the reduction of vulnerability of himself, of his property and of his economic activities. Firstly, it is necessary to identify the vulnerability factors, to measure their consequences and to locate the sectors posing the biggest problems. Mapping vulnerability and its factors is an indispensable step towards global risk cartography which is the goal of researchers and risk managers.

Based on the case study of the Pichincha and Cotopaxi provinces which are at risk from the Cotopaxi volcano, this article gives methods for the cartography of people's vulnerability. Spatial vulnerability typologies shown on a map are based on a multivariate analysis. The map integrating vulnerability factors allows a local diagnosis, whereas a third map gives advice for preparative measures. Lastly, the advantages and the limits of the use of such maps are discussed.
Panorama archéologique des zones méridionales de Bolivie (sud-est de Potosí)
Authors: Lecoq Patrice , Piqueras Céspedes Ricardo
Published: November 2022

Panorama arqueológico de las zonas meridionales de Bolivia (sudeste de Potosí)

Este artículo ilustra lo que fue la ocupación prehispánica de la región sudeste de Potosí desde el periodo precerámico hasta la conquista española. Describe los pocos trabajos que fueron dedicados a esta zona por otros investigadores y presenta los patrones de asentamientos y el material cerámico característicos de cada época, insistiendo sobre la importancia del Horizonte medio y del periodo Intermedio tardío marcados por el desarrollo y la caída de la civilización Tiwanaku. También se interesa por el proceso de formación y evolución de la gran federación Charcas-Karakara que está bien documentada por las fuentes coloniales. La confrontación de los documentos etnohistóricos con los datos arqueológicos nos permite, después, desarrollar una discusión sobre la validez de estos testimonios.
El cura y sus hijos osos o el recorrido civilizador de los hijos de un cura y una osa
Authors: Robin Valérie
Published: November 2022

Este artículo presenta un ensayo de interpretación de dos versiones quechuas cuzqueñas del relato panandino conocido como “Juan Oso” o “El hijo del oso”. A partir de un análisis del simbolismo del relato, se saca a luz la lógica profunda que lo ordena: la sociedad humana y civilizada no puede perpetuarse sin establecer un intercambio y una cooperación con los seres salvajes del más allá. Los protagonistas, hijos de un cura y una osa, así como el cura mismo, son los héroes mediadores de un relato mítico cuya lógica pretende también aplicarse a las relaciones interétnicas en los Andes.
Evidencias del cambio climático en Ecuador
Authors: Cáceres Luis , Mejía Raúl , Ontaneda Gonzalo
Published: November 2022

Cada día es más evidente que el clima actual y futuro es y será el resultado de la variabilidad climática y del cambio climático. El Panel Intergubernamental de Expertos sobre el Cambio Climático (IPCC) en su Segundo Reporte de Evaluación (1995) señala que, a pesar de las incertidumbres científicas existentes, hay señales de una influencia perceptible de las actividades del hombre sobre el clima. La investigación realizada responde básicamente a la necesidad de evaluar si los cambios globales se manifiestan en Ecuador, y si los escenarios planteados para los estudios de cambio climático tienen una base coherente. El estudio ha sido llevado en 15 estaciones meteorológicas localizadas en las regiones litoral e interandina. Se consideraron los siguientes parámetros: Precipitación, Temperatura Media, Temperatura Máxima y Temperatura Mínima. Con el fin de cuantificar de alguna manera el “Cambio”, se conceptualizó a este como la diferencia entre los valores inicial y final de la línea de tendencia. Los resultados obtenidos confirman las tendencias crecientes de la temperatura media anual, con mayor intensidad en la región interandina. Criterios definitivos sobre tendencias en la precipitación no se plantean, aunque las evidencias señalan un “no incremento”. De filtrarse el evento “ENSO”, la señal podría intensificarse en la región costanera especialmente. Las incertidumbres encontradas en la investigación no impiden reconocer la existencia de un “cambio”, sea cual fuere su causa.
Respuestas del clima de América del Sur a las fases de ENSO
Authors: Caviedes César N. , Waylen Peter R.
Published: November 2022

Las fases altas de ENSO, El Niño (EN), y las fases bajas, Anti-Niño (AN), se relacionan diferentemente con los regímenes de lluvias en América del Sur. Para establecer el carácter de estas relaciones, se ha analizado la precipitación anual de estaciones típicas, considerando tres subpoblaciones: totales anuales de años EN, totales de años AN, y el resto o años “normales”. Precediendo a veranos australes con fenómenos EN, la precipitación invernal en Chile Central y los Andes de Argentina es abundante. Durante los veranos con episodios EN en el Pacífico tropical, suelen afectar sequías el Noreste de Brasil especialmente en el otoño o verano precedente. De diciembre a marzo de años EN, llueve copiosamente a lo largo de la costa oeste de America del Sur comprendida entre la Bahía de Tumaco y Pacasmayo. En el interior de la Sierra y el Altiplano peruano-boliviano tienen lugar sequías. En las tierras bajas de Bolivia, Paraguay y el sureste de Brasil hay fuertes lluvias anormales durante el verano y otoño austral. En medio del otoño hay precipitaciones intensas en las tierras bajas del Río de la Plata y el sur de Brasil. El segmento norte y la cuenca inferior del Amazonas tienen menos pluviosidad durante EN y niveles mayores durante AN. La cuenca interior del Amazonas reacciona inversamente, ya que tiene pluviosidad excesiva durante algunos EN. Las regiones de Venezuela y Colombia bajo la influencia del Caribe y el Atlántico experimentan anomalías negativas de lluvias durante EN y alta pluviosidad en AN. Algunas regiones de la Pampa y Patagonia no reaccionan a los impulsos de EN. Las lluvias en el centro de Brasil son independientes también de las fases de ENOS. Las precipitaciones durante los llamados años “normales” sugieren que existe una independencia con respecto a los mecanismos generadores de lluvias condicionados por las fases extremas de ENOS, hecho que reclama una mejor investigación de otras fluctuaciones de la circulación tropical que condicionan anomalías de precipitación.
Influencia de ENOS sobre las variaciones interanuales de ciertos ríos en América del Sur
Authors: Caviedes César N.
Published: November 2022

The ENSO influence over interannual variability of some rivers in South America

The response of South American rivers to ENSO stimuli is studied under three conditions: El Niño (EN), Anti-Niño (AN), and normal years. A regionalization is thus obtained. Rivers in coastal Peru, Ecuador and extreme south of coastal Colombia have high discharges during summers with El Niño. Low run-off is experienced in Anti-Niños. Rivers in the Sierra of Peru and the Altiplano react with low discharges to EN, while discharges are normal under the two other conditions. Rivers of Central Chile and Andean Argentina have high run-off during EN and low run-off during AN. Rivers in Patagonia and southern Chile show an independence from the phases of ENSO since their high discharges occur in normal years. Rivers of the Pampa, the Rio de la Plata lowlands, and the southern tip of Brazil have high discharges during EN and low run-off during AN. Rivers of central Brazil display independence from the three conditions. Rivers of north-east Brazil have extremely low run-off during EN and experience high waters during AN. The rivers of the vast Amazon basin have differentiated responses. Rivers in the central part of the basin display low discharges during most EN and high waters during AN. However, rivers that originate in the eastern slopes of the Andes tend to rise during special EN events. Rivers of the Guianas, coastal Venezuela, and the Caribbean tier of Colombia experience low run-off during EN and high discharges during AN. In the Andes of Ecuador and southern Colombia a mixture exists: some of them peak during extreme EN, others during AN. This region seems to be the best example of the mixed stimuli which concern the central Andes, opening on to the equatorial Pacific, the Amazon basin, and the areas of South America opening on to Atlantic and Caribbean influences.
Régionalisation de l’influence du El Niño sur les précipitations de l’Équateur
Authors: Rossel Frédéric , Mejía Raúl , Ontaneda Gonzalo , Pombosa Rodrigo , Roura Javier , Le Goulven Patrick , Cadier Éric , Calvez Roger
Published: November 2022

L’homogénéisation des séries pluviométriques de 210 stations réparties entre les régions côtières, la cordillère des Andes et le versant amazonien de l’Équateur permet d’étudier pour la première fois, sur une période de 30 ans, l’influence du Niño sur les précipitations annuelles. Cette influence est analysée et quantifiée à l’aide de plusieurs méthodes statistiques et numériques qui mettent en évidence le lien entre les précipitations annuelles et le Niño. La comparaison et la synthèse des résultats obtenus avec ces différentes analyses nous permettent de diviser l’Équateur en trois régions. La première, où l’influence du Niño sur les totaux pluviométriques annuels est forte, la seconde où elle n’est pas significative, et une zone intermédiaire où l’influence varie selon les événements El Niño.
La variabilité hydrologique actuelle dans le bassin de l’Amazone
Authors: Guyot Jean Loup , Guimarães Valdemar , De Oliveira Eurides , Molinier Michel , Callède Jacques
Published: November 2022

La variabilidad hidrológica actual en la cuenca amazónica

Los fenómenos climáticos de tipo “El Niño”, y su inverso “La Niña”, perturban fuertemente el clima de las regiones tropicales de la vertiente Pacífica (Perú, Ecuador, Colombia). Las perturbaciones del régimen de las lluvias alteran el régimen hidrológico de los ríos de la región. Así el análisis de las largas crónicas hidrológicas es una herramienta práctica para detectar la amplitud y la extensión del impacto de El Niño (o de la Niña) sobre una cuenca.

Este análisis de las crónicas de caudales fue realizada sobre 17 estaciones hidrológicas del DNAEE en la cuenca amazónica del Brasil. Los resultados obtenidos muestran buenas correlaciones entre el índice de oscilación austral (ENSO) y el índice de caudales en la parte noreste de la cuenca (río Branco y río Jari). En las otras partes, tendencias regionales fueron observadas, pero no son siempre significativas. En el caso del río Amazonas en Obidos, “El Niño” de 1983 ha provocado una reducción del 16% del caudal medio anual, y “La Niña” de 1989 fue responsable de un exceso de 14% del caudal medio anual.
Democratización política y contra reforma paramilitar en Colombia
Authors: Romero Mauricio
Published: November 2022

El trabajo analiza el paramilitarismo y las autodefensas en el contexto de democratización iniciada en 1982 con las negociaciones de paz entre gobierno y guerrilla, la apertura política y, luego, la descentralización y la primera elección de alcaldes en 1987. El texto considera la consolidación de esos grupos armados como parte de una confluencia más amplia de oposición a cualquier reforma que redistribuya el poder y la riqueza en el sector rural.
Guzmán de Silva and Elizabeth I: A diplomacy of emotion
Authors: Fernández Fernández Víctor
Published: November 2022

The Spanish resident ambassadors at the Court of Elizabeth I are pivotal within the scope of Renaissance diplomacy to understanding the Anglo-Spanish relationships during the second half of the sixteenth century. Out of all of Philip II’s ambassadors, Don Diego Guzmán de Silva stands out for his particular connection to the queen. This association is arguably a consequence of a mixture of emotions and diplomatic skill, known as diplomatic emotionology. This innovative approach to the study of diplomacy opens up an array of opportunities for Renaissance studies by focusing on the subject and their agency.
Education Management using Blockchain as Future Application Innovation
Authors: Maulani Giandari , Musu Eng. Wilem , Soetikno Y. Johny W. , Aisa Sitti
Published: November 2022

This paper means to give a precise writing audit on blockchain innovation in training to offer a definite comprehension of the current situation as far as advantages, boundaries, current uses of blockchain innovation and future regions where blockchain innovation can be carried out in different spaces of schooling. A bibliometric investigation was performed for information in distributions, diaries, creators and gathered references, and checked by applying bibliometric measures. The investigation shows that blockchain innovation in schooling is as yet a youthful discipline, yet has a great deal of potential to help the training area on the loose. This examination gives an establishment to instructive organizations, strategy creators and specialists to investigate different regions where blockchain innovation can be executed, albeit this exploration additionally recommends some potential employments of blockchain innovation in different elements of the training framework, more applications can be brought into the schooling framework to exploit the capability of blockchain innovation. This paper examines the use of blockchain in innovation in schooling with the assistance of bibliometric examination. This is one of the main realized investigations to survey blockchain innovation by distinguishing the current advantages, boundaries, and utilizations of blockchain innovation.
Web-Based Temperature, Oxygen Saturation, and Heart Rate Monitoring System
Authors: Richa Rachmawati Yuli Yessy , Ayu Sanjaya Yulia Putri , Edilia Stevany
Published: November 2022

Heart rate and oxygen saturation is a tool designed to measure heart rate, oxygen level, and body temperature without any contact with the human body. It is mainly used to assess primary health conditions. Symptoms resulting from a heartbeat are abnormal conditions of tachycardia and bradycardia. Symptoms caused by oxygen levels are ARI and asthma, an irregular breathing condition. Symptoms of an abnormal heart rate and oxygen saturation may indicate disease. Therefore, we created a web-based heart rate and oxygen saturation monitoring system for this study. IoT (Internet of Things) is used to manufacture this tool. This tool is programmed with sensors such as the AMG8833 sensor, the MAX30102 sensor, and the ESP32 microcontroller as a data processor, and the data is sent via a Wi-Fi connection to be read from the sensor. Wirelessly to your website in real-time. The website displays sensor data sent wirelessly from the microcontroller and then stored in a web server database. This data collection or monitoring system makes it easier for us, especially medical personnel, to check the health and analyze the results of data stored in our web server database.
Analysis of Financial Technology Implementation on The Quality Of Banking Services in Indonesia: SWOT Analysis
Authors: Goyal Dr SB , Harahap Eka Purnama , Santoso Nesti Annggraini
Published: November 2022

It is widely expected that Indonesian banks will significantly improve their services to reach a broader range of customers, especially those in the 3T region. However, only a tiny percentage of the contacts to companies in the 3T region is made by Indonesian banks. In the face of this issue, he prepares and conducts his SWOT analysis of FinTech policies to improve Indonesian banking services, especially by extending their offerings to a more significant segment of Indonesian society. Stakeholders in the banking industry can better understand the importance of good bank governance based on fear of God and respect for others when managing internal and external assets encompassing all banking aspects. This study explores relevant banking literature to learn more about the SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) of implemented financial techniques on the quality of banking services in Indonesia in the digital age
PENERAPAN PETA KENDALI T^2 HOTELLING ALGORITMA FAST MINIMUM COVARIANCE DETERMINANT PADA PENGENDALIAN KUALITAS BAWANG MERAH VARIETAS LEMBAH PALU
Authors: Marulu Puja Lestari , Junaidi Junaidi , Fadjryani Fadjryani
Published: November 2022

The physical condition of the Palu Valley shallots variety greatly affects the quality of the fried onions that are obtained. The poor quality of shallots will affect the product that will sale by the farmers. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor by conducting the quality control analysis of the physical condition of shallots. In this study we use the quality control method of the  Hotelling control map with the fast-MCD algorithm. This method is used because the outlier in the data to be analyzed. The purpose of this study is to produce average vector estimates and variance-covariance matrix estimates in the formation of the  Hotelling control map. From the calculation by using the mean vector and the variant-covariant matrix with fast-MCD estimation, 93 data were obtained that experienced out of control on the  Hotelling control map with the fast-MCD algorithm where the observations that experienced out of control were more than the usual of  Hotelling control map. This shows that the  Hotelling control map with the fast-MCD algorithm is more effective in detecting observations which contain outliers. The value of the multivariate  process capability analysis is less than one showing the process is uncapable.
ANALISIS SPASIAL PENYEBARAN PENYAKIT SCHISTOSOMIASIS MENGGUNAKAN INDEKS MORAN UNTUK MENDUKUNG ERADIKASI SCHISTOSOMIASIS DI PROVINSI SULAWESI TENGAH BERBASIS WEB DASHBOARD
Authors: Sakinah Nur , Saputra Wawan , Nurfitra Nurfitra , Satriani Satriani , Junaidi Junaidi
Published: November 2022

Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease which is caused by worm infection with worms from the Schistosoma class. This disease is zoonotic, consequently the source of transmission is not only infected on mammals but also on humans. The method used in this study is spatial autocorrelation. This is conducted to determine the presence or absence of global or local spatial autocorrelation as well as the pattern distribution of Schistosomiasis cases in Poso Regency by using Moran's I. The result in this study showed that the p-value of positive global autocorrelation is 2,2 × 10-16. This result is smaller than the 5% of significance level and also smaller than the Moran's I value (0,66).  The Moran’s I value lies in the interval  indicating that each adjacent area has the same number of Schistosomiasis cases. Meanwhile, the local spatial autocorrelation test (LISA) for Schistosomiasis cases in Poso Regency, such as villages at Lore Utara, Lore Timur and Lore Peore has the LISA value 1 determining the correlation is strong and positive. The distribution pattern of Schistosomiasis cases in Poso Regency forms a group pattern, namely disease prone areas (HH), disease spread areas (HL), disease alert areas (LH) and disease safe areas (LL)
Pemetaan Bibliometrik terhadap Social Theory pada Bidang Akuntansi Menggunakan VOSviewer
Authors: Susanti Lianty , Tania Lina , Komala Hendrikkus Wijaya , Meiden Carmel
Published: November 2022

Penyebab semakin aktifnya model riset akuntansi serta pemanfaatan teori sosial dalam mencetuskan suatu sinyal dikarenakan perkembangan ruang lingkup penelitian akuntansi. Memaknai dan menjelaskan teori sosial serta pemanfaatannya dalam mengembangkan penelitian akuntansi adalah tujuan dari penelitian ini. Ungkapan bahwa pemanfaatan teori-teori sosial sebagai prosedur observasi akuntansi berasosiasi dengan ilmu sosial lain yaitu sosiologi dan antropologi yang dapat menjawab lingkup dan fenomena interaksi dari pelaku akuntansi merupakan hasil dari penelitian ini. Oleh karenanya penelitian akuntansi tidak dapat dipisahkan antara subjek dan objek penelitiannya. Peneliti menggunakan sistem yang berbeda dengan penelitian sebelumnya yaitu menggunakan POP dan VOSViewer yang juga menjadi kebaruan dari penelitian ini. Studi literatur dalam penelitian ini memberikan gambaran mengenai penerapan teori sosial. Penelitian ini mengambil artikel mengenai teori sosial pada periode 2012 – 2022. Sampel pada penelitian ini sebanyak 161 artikel yang telah dipublikasikan. Tiga teori yang paling sering digunakan dalam penelitian sebelumnya adalah teori legitimasi, teori agensi dan teori stakeholder, sementara untuk publikasi paling banyak tentang teori sosial yaitu pada tahun 2017 sebanyak 36 artikel dan negara yang paling banyak menerbitkan artikel mengenai teori sosial adalah Indonesia dengan 159 artikel, pengujian menggunakan VOSViewer juga menunjukkan kaitan-kaitan antar variabel yang diteliti. Dengan adanya penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menambah wawasan dan rekomendasi menarik bagi para peneliti selanjutnya serta dapar memberikan rekomendasi bagi penelitian selanjutnya. Saran untuk penelitian selanjutnya, dapat menambahkan mesin pencari selain google scholar, bisa menambahkan scorpus dan lainnya, selain itu dapat menambah periode penelitian menjadi 15 tahun.
Structure, composition, and preparation of thermal conductive composite materials based on polyurethane and modified silicon carbide particles
Authors: Shalygina T. A. , Rudenko M. S. , Simonov-Emelyanov I. D.
Published: November 2022

This paper presents the first data on the dependence of thermal conductivity of DFPCM on generalized parameters and type of structure, according to the classification (dilute – low filled – medium filled – high filled systems), using the system of polyurethane + modified silicon carbide particles as an example. New plasma-modified silicon carbide particles with a unique structure and high specific surface area have been obtained, and their main characteristics necessary for calculating the compositions, generalized parameters, and determining the type of disperse structure of DFPCM have been determined. The main regularities are established that describe the relationship between the thermal conductivity coefficient (λ pcm) and the generalized parameter Θ, the type of structure of the DFPCM, and the surface morphology of SiC particles. For the first time, the contribution of the specific surface area of dispersed SiC particles (S BET − from 3 to 45 m2/g) to the thermal conductivity of disperse systems is shown.
Technological classification of dispersed fillers by size and design of polymer composites with different types of structures
Authors: Simonov-Emelyanov I. D. , Kharlamova K. I.
Published: November 2022

The paper presents data on the determination of oil capacity and oligomer capacity of dispersed fillers based on silica with different particle sizes (from 50 nm to 250 microns). It is shown that using the oil absorption and oligomeric capacity data, it is possible to carry out a complete technological classification of dispersed particles by size and use it to create disperse filled polymer composite materials (DFPCM) with a given composition, type and structure parameters, as well as a set of operational properties. The values of the maximum disperse filler content (parameter φm) in DFPCM for particles of different sizes (from 50 nm to 250 microns) obtained by oil and oligomer adsorption and other methods are presented. For the first time, an algorithm for designing DFPCM compositions with different types of structures based on oil and oligomer capacity data of disperse fillers with different particle sizes and particle size distributions is proposed. The methods are simple, accessible and effective, which will allow solving problems of creating DFPCM with a given structure and a set of required properties quickly, reliably and with minimum costs. Compositions of DFPCM with different particle sizes of fillers, types of structures that cover the practical whole spectrum of modern polymer composites are given.
Learners’ Views of Literature and Academic Achievement in a Literature Course: A Sample of ESL Pre-Service Teachers in Malaysia
Authors: Baba Jamiah
Published: November 2022

The advantages and disadvantages of literature in ESL contexts has been much discussed. Proponents argue that the drawbacks can be minimised if learners’ expectations, needs, and interests are carefully considered. This paper, therefore, attempts to describe learners’ views of literature and the challenges they face while learning literature and to understand whether these experiences have an impact on their academic achievement of a particular literature course. 35 pre-service teachers participated in the study by answering a questionnaire that comprises multiple-choice items and open-ended questions. The respondents were purposely selected as they are training to become English teachers, have taken at least eight literature courses, and are currently enrolled in at least one literature course. Frequency count was mainly used to describe the response to each item while crosstabulations are used whenever the responses are to be compared with each other. The learners’ academic grades were also analysed and cross tabulated with the items in the questionnaire. The findings show that the learners view literature positively and enjoyed learning literature, citing scaffolding and support as key factors. These findings have implications on how educators plan and teach literature courses, which can affect how ESL learners’ approach and learn literature.
FEKTIVITAS PEMBERIAN KOMBINASI RAGI DAN TAURIN PADA MEDIA KULTUR TERHADAP KEPADATAN POPULASI Daphnia sp.
Authors: Islama Dini , Supriatna Ahmad , Azra Muzanni , Nurhatijah Nurhatijah , Elfianda Teuku Reza , Suriani Mai
Published: November 2022

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the giving of baker yeast and taurine mixture in culture media on the population density of Daphnia sp.. The completely randomized design method was used in this study with four treatments and four replications. The treatments studied were the giving of chicken manure 1 g/l as control (P0), the giving of baker yeast and taurine mixture 1 g/l (P1), the giving of baker yeast and taurine mixture 2,5 g/l (P2), and the giving of baker yeast and taurine mixture 4 g/l (P3). Daphnia sp. stocking density was 100 individu/l with the size of  1,5-2 mm. The culture period of Daphnia sp. culture was 16 days. The parameters observed in this study are population density, peak population, and water quality parameters. The ANOVA test showed that the giving of yeast and taurine mix in culture media gave significant effect on the population density of Daphnia sp. Population density of  Daphnia sp. the highest was obtained in the treatment of giving 2.5 g / l of baker yeast and taurine mix in cultural media (P2) which is 1320,35 Ind / l with a peak population on the 10th day.
Dupuytren’s Contracture in a Filipino Male: a Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Evangelista Ted Matthew P , Pua John Hubert C
Published: November 2022

Dupuytren’s disease (DD) is a heritable, benign, chronic fibroproliferative process which affects the connective tissue of the palmar fascia. DD is rare among Asians with a prevalence of 0.004 to 0.032 percent. There are only 74 cases of DD among Asians identified in literature, and there are no published cases from the Philippines. We discuss a rare case of DD in a 60-year-old male Filipino presenting with bilateral loss of range of motion of the middle, ring, and little finger of both hands.
Cognitive Impairment Among HIV-positive Individuals in a Tertiary Infectious Disease Hospital in the Philippines
Authors: Catindig Joseree-Ann S , Rasay France Gil B , Folloso Melmar C , Abrenica Rosario Jessica T
Published: November 2022

Background: Disruption of neurocognitive functioning is one of the most frequent complications in patients infected with Human immunodeficiency virus. It manifests as a form of subcortical dementia characterized by psychomotor slowing, changes in mood and anxiety levels and deficits in memory, abstraction, information processing, verbal fluency, decision-making, and attention. The primary objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of neurocognitive impairment among HIV-positive individuals in the Philippines. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study done at the outpatient department of a tertiary infectious disease hospital located in Manila, Philippines conducted from May to July 2015. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment – Filipino (MoCA-P) was used to differentiate non-cognitively impaired and cognitively impaired participants. Demographic data was obtained using structured interviews including the CD4 count. Results: One hundred and twelve HIV positive patients were examined and 56.7% of them were noted to have cognitive impairment while none of them met the criteria for dementia. After logistics regression analysis, only the CD4 count (x=224) was shown to have significant association with cognitive impairment (p=0.0001, OR 0.96). Conclusion: Cognitive impairment was significantly associated with low CD4 count, with a sensitivity of 100% for a count of <224. More than half or 58.7% of subjects with cognitive impairment did not show any neuropsychiatric symptoms. Neurocognitive impairment is still an important component of HIV infection and this study highlights the need to further increase awareness regarding this HIV complication.
Case Study: Use of Decentralized Clinical Technologies in Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms
Authors: Jose Nadina , Pal Avik
Published: November 2022

A clinical study with 46 participants was started and completed at the height of the Covid-19 pandemic with the use of decentralized clinical trial (DCT) methodologies. All participants and the study team remained safe and were able to conduct the study efficiently. Patients were able to provide consent electronically, received experimental supplements and were given the option to provide feedback through the system’s telemedicine feature.
Comparison of masticatory muscle activity in children and adolescents with distal and mesial occlusion
Authors: Mamedov Ad.A. , Volkov A.G. , Dikopova N.Zh. , Solop I.A. , Uvarovа A.A.
Published: November 2022

The growth and harmonious development of the structures of the maxillofacial region depend on the physiological functioning of the muscles of the orofacial zone. Moss's theory of functional matrices, established in 1972, is a clear confirmation of the influence of the soft tissue component on the formation of the human dentition and jaw system. Violation of the tone of the masticatory muscles leads, as a rule, to functional disorders, therefore, most patients with distal occlusion have underdevelopment of the lower jaw and its distal location. The aim of the study was to improve the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment of patients with malocclusion in the sagittal direction based on the determination of indicators of masticatory muscle activity in children and adolescents in the age period 9—12. Analysis of indicators of the functional state of the orofacial region in children with malocclusion in the sagittal direction makes it possible to understand additional risk factors, in addition to the occlusion itself, for the development of mesial or distal occlusion, thereby achieving more effective diagnosis and stable treatment. Materials and methods. 50 children aged 9—12 years, boys and girls with bite pathology in the sagittal direction, were examined. The patients were divided into two groups: group 1 — children with distal and group 2 — children with mesial occlusion. Clinical examination was carried out using a dental kit, a standard intraoral photo protocol and a photo of the face were also used. The functional activity of masticatory muscles was studied using surface electromyography. Electromyographic tests were carried out in a state of physiological rest. The bioelectrical activity of each muscle separately and the total activity of all 4 IMPACT masticatory muscles were studied. Results. When studying the bioelectrical potentials of the masticatory muscles in patients with distal bite, it was found that the temporal muscles had higher values than the actual masticatory muscles. The average ratio of temporalis muscles to masseters was 1:0.7. The total activity of all 4 IMPACT muscles was 961 V. While patients with mesial occlusion had opposite indicators. The bioelectric potentials of the temporal muscles were lower in comparison with the masticatory muscles proper. The average ratio of temporal muscles to masticatory muscles was 0.6:1. The total activity of all 4 IMPACT muscles in this case was 543 V.