bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Other Monuments, Palaces, and Churches
Authors: Matthews John
Published: November 2024

Chapter 9 addresses omissions and contradictions in the Notitia concerning important monuments unmentioned in earlier chapters, and moves on to register the great houses and palaces of the imperial family. Special attention is paid to the number and distribution of churches, which are shown to be unevenly spread through the city, with some concentration, firstly, in the monumental churches connected with the political and ceremonial life of Constantinople and, secondly, in the business and commercial areas of the city, reflecting the Christianization of its general population. Particular attention is paid to the establishment of the ‘public’ churches of S. Sophia and the Holy Apostles, and to the so-called martyr’s church of Mocius outside the walls, probably built under Constantine but soon neglected and for a time conceded for the use of heretic Arians.
Housing and Population
Authors: Matthews John
Published: November 2024

Chapter 10 exploits the numbers of facilities and institutions given by the Notitia under the separate regions to analyse the social composition of the urban area in its various sectors, the publicly available resources, such as baths and bakeries, and the teams of collegiati employed to protect the physical security of the city. Using as guide the parallel information available for the city of Rome and earlier study of the housing stock and population of Pompeii, it offers speculative conclusions about the size of the population of the city, its living conditions and distribution over the course of the fourth and early fifth centuries.
Seeing Voices
Authors: Maler Anabel
Published: November 2024

We often think of music in terms of sounds intentionally organized into patterns, but music performed in signed languages poses considerable challenges to this fundamental definition. How can we analyze and understand sign language music? And what can sign language music tell us about how humans engage with music more broadly? Seeing Voices argues that music is best understood as culturally defined, intentionally organized movement, rather than organized sound. This redefinition of music means that sign language music, rather than being peripheral or marginal to histories and theories about music, is in fact central and crucial to our understanding of all musical expression and perception. Sign language music teaches us a great deal about how, when, and why movement becomes musical in a cultural context, and urges us to think about music as a multisensory experience that goes beyond the sense of hearing. Using a blend of tools from music theory, cognitive science, musicology, and ethnography, this book examines the history, cultural context, and analysis of a wide variety of genres of sign language music. It aims to center the musical experience and knowledge of Deaf persons, to bring the long and rich history of sign language music to the attention of music scholars and lovers, and to challenge the notion that music is transmitted exclusively from the hearing to the Deaf. Finally, Seeing Voices proposes that voice, rhythm, melody, and emotion are properties of music that are resilient across visual, kinesthetic, and aural modalities.
Introduction
Authors: Burton-Murray Helen , Juarascio Adrienne S. , Thomas Jennifer J.
Published: November 2024

This chapter provides an introduction to the book and its intended use. The book is primarily intended to be used by clinicians, and some individuals/caregivers seeking treatment for rumination syndrome (RS) may find it useful to help deepen their understanding or RS and use the complementary workbook.
Overview of CBT-RS
Authors: Burton-Murray Helen , Juarascio Adrienne S. , Thomas Jennifer J.
Published: November 2024

This chapter provides a description of the cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) model of rumination syndrome (RS), an overview of the 4 steps in CBT-RS, and special considerations for implementing CBT-RS.
Step 1: Education and Self-Monitoring
Authors: Burton-Murray Helen , Juarascio Adrienne S. , Thomas Jennifer J.
Published: November 2024

This chapter details Step 1, which involves providing the patient with education about rumination syndrome (RS), discussing factors maintaining RS, and initiating self-monitoring of regurgitations.
Step 3: Individualized CBT Modules to Address Remaining Symptoms
Authors: Burton-Murray Helen , Juarascio Adrienne S. , Thomas Jennifer J.
Published: November 2024

This chapter describes Step 3, which involves identifying and implementing strategies for residual regurgitations, as applicable.
Step 4: Maintaining Progress and Relapse Prevention
Authors: Burton-Murray Helen , Juarascio Adrienne S. , Thomas Jennifer J.
Published: November 2024

This chapter details Step 4, which includes evaluation of treatment progress and creation of a treatment maintenance plan.
Data to Support the Efficacy of CBT-RS
Authors: Burton-Murray Helen , Juarascio Adrienne S. , Thomas Jennifer J.
Published: November 2024

This chapter reviews the evidence supporting the cognitive–behavioral therapy for rumination syndrome (CBT-RS) protocol.
Conclusions and Future Directions
Authors: Burton-Murray Helen , Juarascio Adrienne S. , Thomas Jennifer J.
Published: November 2024

This chapter considers cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) for rumination syndrome (RS) as a promising approach with evidence for producing positive effects. For patients who continue to struggle with learning diaphragmatic breathing with clinician instruction and practice alone, other tools such as biofeedback guidance can be useful. The chapter discusses how patients with comorbid belching may benefit from strategies that have been implemented in aerophagia protocols, such as in vivo exposure with an experimental design. The chapter encourages the uptake and delivery of CBT-RS. It anticipates that clinicians will be able to take away strategies from this book that improve the lives of individuals with RS, who often go years without appropriate treatment.
Appropriation Mechanisms
Authors: Hall Bronwyn H. , Helmers Christian
Published: November 2024

This chapter introduces the basic features of the intellectual property (IP) rights used by innovators to exclude others and secure financial returns to their innovations. The IP rights reviewed are patents, including design patents, plant patents, and utility models; copyright; trademarks; geographical indications; sui generis rights such as semiconductor mask protection and vessel hull rights; and trade secrecy. The main IP rights (patents, copyright, and trademarks) are covered in more detail in subsequent chapters. In this chapter, the use of various forms of IP protection as complements or substitutes is discussed. Some evidence on the relative importance of the various modes of securing returns to innovation is presented.
Innovation Strategy
Authors: Hall Bronwyn H. , Helmers Christian
Published: November 2024

This chapter reviews the many ways in which firms create and capture value from innovation. It discusses the various research strategies pursued by incumbents and entrants, and the importance of differentiation and complementary assets in securing returns to innovation. Strategies such as the make or buy or collaborate decision for technological development and the use of open innovation are also considered. Competition between systems or platforms with network effects is described. This leads into a discussion of the strategies used in network competition to increase or to break lock-in by customers.
Copyright
Authors: Hall Bronwyn H. , Helmers Christian
Published: November 2024

This chapter covers copyrights: the basic structure and purpose of the copyright system and the legal requirements for copyright protection as well as the process of obtaining a copyright. The economic arguments for copyright and the evidence, pro and con, for its effectiveness in encouraging creation of original works are reviewed. The chapter discusses the close association between copyright, innovation and technological change. In addition, the link between copyright, software, and artificial intelligence, which has resulted in new policy concerns, is discussed. The last section of the chapter explores the impact of digitization on the market for copyrighted works and the response of copyright law to these new technologies.
Alternatives to Intellectual Property
Authors: Hall Bronwyn H. , Helmers Christian
Published: November 2024

This chapter considers the methods of appropriating the returns to innovation that are not considered formal IP, as well as methods of organizing innovation that generate returns in alternative ways. These methods include informal appropriation mechanisms such as secrecy, lead time, and first-mover advantages as well as collective invention or the use of prizes to incentivize innovators. The use of formal and informal mechanisms in practice, in particular the choice between patents and secrecy and the factors that affect this choice is reviewed. In the early phases of a new industry, often collective invention and an “open sharing” knowledge production system prevail. Finally, in many times and places, the need for a particular invention has been obvious enough that governments and others may offer a prize or award for a desired invention.
The Sharing and Exchange of Patents
Authors: Hall Bronwyn H. , Helmers Christian
Published: November 2024

This chapter covers the different mechanisms used by innovators to share and exchange patents in the market for technology including (cross-)licensing agreements, patent pools, patent pledges and patent commons, outright acquisition of patents, as well as shared ownership of patents. The chapter discusses the different motives that firms have to share patents. It reviews the trade-off involved in licensing between revenue and rent dissipation effects using a simple model. The next sections of the chapter summarize the characteristics and economic effects of sharing patents via patent pools, including those devoted to standard essential patents, patent pledges and patent commons. The chapter also covers the outright sale of patents and their co-ownership.
The Maniacal Imagination and Moral Ineptitude of the Church
Authors: Watson Kris , Twomey Clare
Published: November 2024

“The Maniacal Imagination and Moral Ineptitude of the Church: The Construction and Sustainment of White-Skin Supremacy” examines the premise that no one thing is more responsible for the creation and sustainment of White-skin supremacy than the implementation of White Jesus as the symbolic head of a religion that would ensure the genocide of Indigenous peoples and the enslavement of Black and Brown bodies in perpetuity. Because dismantling White-skinned supremacy will require an understanding of its deep roots in the Christian tradition, this chapter offers a brief though in-depth historical backdrop to the complicated complicity of the Christian church in the formation of White-skin supremacy and the horrors—the oppression, subjugation, enslavement, and genocide of millions—demanded and thus perpetrated in its name. It further offers real-time, personal experiences of this seemingly unending and spiritually codified violence against Black and Brown bodies.
Systems Failure
Authors: Nelson Randy B. , Yusef Kideste , Dix-Richardson Felecia
Published: November 2024

A defining feature of American democracy is equal access to a free, compulsory education. Regardless of socioeconomic status, residence, race, religion, sexual orientation, or gender, all children are entitled to a quality education. As most institutions are interdependent, where one lives is directly linked to other quality-of-life measures such as education, health outcomes, and financial stability. The historical and lingering effects of discrimination, segregation, and institutional racism on the life choices and chances of Black youth have never been sufficiently addressed. Critical race theory provides a framework for solution-focused strategies to address the phenomenon referred to as the “school-to-prison pipeline.” Black and other students of color are disproportionately impacted by these policies, which can disrupt their education and future. In “Systems Failure: Black Children Left Behind,” the nexus between the experiences of Black children as they relate to school performance, school discipline, and involvement in the juvenile justice system are analyzed.
Making Space When Black Voices Speak Their Truth
Authors: Nonterah Camilla W.
Published: November 2024

“Making Space When Black Voices Speak Their Truth” addresses anti-Black racism and the ways in which this affects the health outcomes of people of African descent, resulting in health inequities and necessitating the significance of elevating Black voices. Using one’s Black voice is a complicated process with advantages and disadvantages. This can be a form of empowerment or result in the silencing or dismissal of the individual’s message as well as being stereotyped. Black courage can also be weaponized in a variety of ways, for example, in interpersonal relationships and occupational settings, especially when it challenges the status quo. This chapter concludes with recommendations about how to create safe spaces that highlight Black voices and facilitate authentic allyship.
Owning Our Unconscious on a Path of Antiracism Work
Authors: Ireland Mardy S.
Published: November 2024

“Owning Our Unconscious on a Path of Antiracism Work: One White Woman’s Travelogue” explores an underlying tenet of systemic racism illustrated through stories and analyses of one White woman’s lifelong path of antiracism. Unconscious processes are defined and situated as being ever present in all human functioning. Experiences drawn from the author’s life show how the conscious mind presumes, wrongly, to be the singular founding source of individual and collective action. This mental presumption belies how the human mind actually works and is inadequate to understand or combat systemic racism. Individual stories and analyses are mapped onto society as a reflection of how unconscious elements also operate within groups. White privilege and microaggression are described as ongoing unconscious racism manifesting across time (generations) and place (within both constructed race categories). “Ownership” of both unconscious and conscious processes is needed in the acknowledgment and repair of America’s systemic racism.
Unprecedented
Authors: Woolner David B.
Published: November 2024

This chapter examines the Fourth Inaugural Address of Franklin D. Roosevelt, which served as a reminder to the American people at the time of the many trials they had to face as they struggled to bring World War II to an end. The United States and its Allies were passing through a period of supreme test of courage, resolve, and wisdom for essential democracy. It emphasizes that the trend of civilization is forever upward, as the line drawn through the middle of the peaks and valleys of the centuries always has an upward trend. The chapter details Roosevelt’s reflection on the character of the American Constitution as an imperfect instrument. Roosevelt’s Fourth Inaugural Address represents a brief reiteration of the much longer remarks he delivered in his State of the Union Address on January 6, 1945.
A Moment of Triumph before Disaster
Authors: Schwartz Thomas Alan
Published: November 2024

This chapter looks at Richard Nixon’s Second Inaugural Address, which brought thousands of antiwar demonstrators to Washington, disrupting the inaugural parade. With the help of Henry Kissinger, Nixon was able to develop a trifecta of foreign policy successes in 1972 that helped lead to his overwhelming electoral victory. It highlights Nixon’s claim in his inaugural that 1972 will be long remembered as the year of the greatest progress since the end of World War II toward a lasting peace in the world. The chapter considers Nixon’s speech to have a more traditional Republican theme when he made the case for a more decentralized approach to decision-making and a more limited governmental role in American life. Nixon’s rhetoric foreshadows a theme of President Donald Trump, who established a President’s Advisory 1776 Commission to further patriotic education.
Bill Clinton’s Second Inaugural Address
Authors: Singh Yuvraj
Published: November 2024

This chapter presents Bill Clinton’s Second Inaugural Address, which purports to give the American people a new choice that offers opportunity, demands responsibility, and gives citizens more say. Three familiar keywords stand out in Clinton’s speech: opportunity, responsibility, and community. The three keywords are considered cornerstones to a persistent philosophy of government. The remainder of Clinton’s speech is devoted to elaborating on each element of opportunity, responsibility, and community. The three concepts were at the heart of Clinton’s presidency, buttressing his efforts to reform the national welfare system, his sense of fiscal responsibility, his embrace of free trade, and his focus on national service.
Barack Obama’s Second Inaugural Address
Authors: Singh Yuvraj
Published: November 2024

This chapter presents Barack Obama’s Second Inaugural Address, wherein he proclaimed that preserving individual freedoms ultimately requires collective action. Obama calls for the American nation to shoulder its responsibilities to care for the vulnerable, to guard everyone from life’s worst hazards and misfortune, and to secure for all citizens a basic measure of security and dignity. It explains that for Obama, equality requires more than equal protection before the law. The address includes Obama’s argument for a system of taxation in which the amount owed to the community increases along with the wealth derived from the conditions secured, and the laws enacted by that community. In his address, Obama locates recent campaigns for equality, regardless of gender, race, or sexual preference, in the tradition of earlier struggles against white male supremacy waged by abolitionists and advocates of woman suffrage.
Thoughtful Images
Authors: Wartenberg Thomas E.
Published: November 2024

Thoughtful Images: Illustrating Philosophy Through Art is the first systematic investigation of how artists throughout the ages have illustrated philosophical texts, ideas, concepts, and theories. The book begins by developing a theory of visual illustrations of philosophical texts and undermining what the author calls “the denigration of illustration.” It then takes a more historical approach, beginning in Ancient Greece and Rome and proceeding through medieval illuminations and printed broadsides to the frontispieces of philosophical texts. Throughout, attention is paid to how technological developments enable different means for illustrating philosophy. Painting takes center stage in two chapters that consider how oil paintings illustrate philosophy. The first focuses on three philosophers who use paintings to elucidate their complex theories. The next chapter investigates whether Abstract Expressionism and subsequent art actually do philosophy in a visual medium. The next two chapters are devoted to visual artists’ attempts to illustrate Ludwig Wittgenstein’s texts and ideas. The impact of Wittgenstein’s ideas on artists is remarkable, and the book examines their attempts to illustrate his ideas. The final substantive chapter of the book considers what the author terms graphic philosophy, that is, comics that take philosophy as their subject matter. After developing a theory of comic illustrations, the author looks at four works of graphic philosophy to consider how this relatively new artform is able to develop philosophical ideas. All in all, Thoughtful Images is an innovative work that brings needed attention to a neglected artistic tradition.
Introduction
Authors: Wartenberg Thomas E.
Published: November 2024

The first chapter introduces the book as a whole. It begins by citing a skeptical challenge to the idea that philosophy can be illustrated only to reject that objection by distinguishing text-based illustrations from concept-based ones. It poses three questions that indicate the issues discussed in the book: 1. Is it possible for a work of visual art to illustrate a philosophical claim or thesis? 2. Are there limitations to the types of philosophical claims or theses that can be illustrated? 3. Can the visual arts actually make a substantive contribution to philosophy by means of a visual image? It explains that although Thoughtful Images is generally organized historically, it also addresses a number of important theoretical issues throughout. This chapter provides readers with a clear roadmap to the book with brief summaries of each chapter. This will aid readers in discovering the complementary relationship between visual artworks and philosophy.
Pre-Modern Illustrations of Philosophy
Authors: Wartenberg Thomas E.
Published: November 2024

This chapter begins the exploration of how visual illustrations of Western philosophy developed. It focuses on different ways in which philosophy was illustrated prior to the Modern Age, highlighting the impact of changes in technology on illustrations. None of the illustrations in this chapter illustrate specific passages of text, although some do illustrate specific theories put forward by Aristotle, who was regarded by medieval philosophers as the greatest Ancient philosopher. A central issue that is discussed is how these illustrations help their audience understand and remember Aristotle’s complex theories. This chapter also emphasizes the different word-image relationships characteristic of illustrations of philosophy.
Paintings that Illustrate Philosophy
Authors: Wartenberg Thomas E.
Published: November 2024

This chapter explores the use of paintings to illustrate philosophy. It begins by looking at three paintings that were intended by their creators to illustrate aspects of philosophy. Oil paintings are able to present scenes more realistically than earlier forms of art, and this ability is exploited in these paintings. The chapter then turns to three important philosophers who used paintings in order to illustrate their theories: Nietzsche’s use of Raphael’s Transfiguration, Heidegger’s discussion of Van Gogh’s Shoes, and Foucault’s invocation of Velasquez’s Las Meninas. Each of these paintings was created before the three philosophers articulated their views, so it is surprising that they took the paintings to be illustrations of their theories. The chapter ends with a discussion that justifies this use of works of art not intended to be illustrations.
Modernist Art as Philosophy
Authors: Wartenberg Thomas E.
Published: November 2024

Having explored in the last chapter some paintings that arguably illustrate philosophical theories, this chapter turns to the question of whether works of art can actually do philosophy. Through a critical examination of Clement Greenberg’s claim that the history of Western art from Manet onward was an attempt to reduce painting to its essential feature, viz., flatness, the chapter reflects on the possibility that works of art can actually present philosophical claims in visual form. The chapter then considers the artist-philosopher Adrian Piper’s critique of Greenberg and Abstract Expressionism and her belief that art inherently has content. Her work Cornered is discussed as another way in which works of art can present philosophical ideas.
Graphic Philosophy
Authors: Wartenberg Thomas E.
Published: November 2024

So-called graphic novels are a relatively new literary and artistic form. Perhaps surprisingly, they include works that focus on philosophy and philosophical concepts. This chapter looks at four works of what I term “graphic philosophy,” showing how they include an innovative combination of text and image that allows them to present philosophical ideas in a unique manner. To prepare the way for this discussion, the chapter begins by arguing, paradoxically, that the images present in comics are generally not text-based illustrations for there is no preexisting story for the images to illustrate, although exceptions are acknowledged. Four works of graphic philosophy are examined here. In each one, emphasis is put on how the written text and the visual images interact in different ways. The works are Logicomix: An Epic Search for Truth, Unflattening, Understanding Comics, and Fun Home: A Family Tragicomic.
You, a Mental Health Professional
Authors: Willer Jan
Published: November 2024

This chapter discusses common challenges to developing a professional identity as a mental health professional. These include the reader’s self-concept, professional demeanor, professional clothes, professional appearance and grooming, and the trainee role. Balancing authenticity with professionalism is discussed, as is the need to develop assertiveness and decisiveness. Online professional presentation issues include professional appearance, appropriate backgrounds, and avoiding use of one’s personal phone when online with clients. A discussion of how to determine appropriate clothing for varied clinical settings is included. Controversial appearance issues such as visible tattoos are discussed. Personal scents, potpourri, and scented candles are not recommended due to medical issues such as asthma and migraines that can be triggered in clients. The reader is advised to get their own malpractice insurance.
Your Online Presence, Behavior, and Boundaries
Authors: Willer Jan
Published: November 2024

This chapter discusses online considerations for new psychotherapists. Maintaining the psychotherapist’s privacy and safety and that of the clients is crucial. Topics covered include client expectations of instantaneous communications, choosing an appropriate email address, and professional and personal online content. The reader is cautioned that clients could follow their online content, so it is important to carefully consider what is posted online. The trainee psychotherapist is advised against starting any branded content before they are a licensed professional. Cautions about what to avoid posting in any online forum are given. Social media topics, such as who it is appropriate to friend, are discussed, as is online dating. The topic of searching for client information online is discussed in detail.
The First Session: Preparation, Tasks, and Structure
Authors: Willer Jan
Published: November 2024

The tasks and structure for the first psychotherapy session or intake session are outlined in this chapter. The reader is encouraged to organize themselves and their paperwork prior to the first session and be sure that information about common referrals is at hand. Topics include time management, tasks to accomplish, taking notes, starting the session, identifying the presenting problem, establishing rapport, identifying current life problems, making a diagnosis, and evaluating crisis risk. The importance of taking ample notes during any initial meeting is discussed. Two client case examples illustrate these points throughout the chapter. Ending the session effectively and the psychotherapist’s reaction to the session are discussed.
Substance Misuse Disorders: Treatments and Referrals
Authors: Willer Jan
Published: November 2024

This chapter introduces the reader to the necessity to often assess psychotherapy clients for substance misuse. Specific suggestions are provided for alcohol misuse because of the frequency of this problem. The reader is provided with behavioral definitions of binge drinking, heavy drinking, and drinking in moderation to help them put their clients’ alcohol use in context. Dual-diagnosis treatment, which is simultaneous treatment for both mental illnesses and substance misuse, is introduced. Abstinence versus harm reduction is discussed, as well as some questions that will help the clinician and the client determine which approach might be the best fit. Community recovery groups and other treatments are discussed.
Behavioral Health Emergencies (with Christopher M. King, Miguel Murillo, Elana Gabriel, and Jan Willer)
Authors: Willer Jan
Published: November 2024

This chapter introduces the beginning psychotherapist to behavioral health emergencies. These emergencies are clinical situations when you learn of a history of abuse or neglect (maltreatment) or when a client appears at elevated risk of future harm to themselves or others. Ethical and legal considerations are discussed. Emergencies discussed are self-harm and suicide, violence risk toward others, child maltreatment, and maltreatment of other vulnerable populations. Mandated reporting is introduced, along with when and how this is required. Management strategies for behavioral health emergencies are introduced. The necessity of supervision and consultation is emphasized, as well as the importance of documentation.
Telling Blackness
Authors: Smalls Krystal A.
Published: November 2024

Telling Blackness begins with two simple premises: conventional models of the ways people make meaning of the world fail to account for the particularities of Blackness; and accounts of Black life often miss the significance of the smallest and subtlest acts that sustain it. With this introduction of raciosemiotics, the author remaps the field of semiotic anthropology around the specificities of race and the body and remaps contemporary Black Diaspora through the embodied significations of a group of young Liberian women in the United States. This transdisciplinary ethnographic account of their lives helps us reimagine their talk, twerks, and tweets as “tellings” that exceed our understandings of narrative and that potentially act on the world of meaning. And, with careful historical contextualization, we see how such acts reproduce, refuse, or powerfully disregard racial logics that have entangled the United States and Liberia for two centuries. Led by Black feminist scholarship, Telling Blackness also provides a semiotic glimpse into ways of relating that help create complex diasporic intimacies and that sustain Black life beyond survival.
Introduction
Authors: Smalls Krystal A.
Published: November 2024

The introduction describes the ways in which Telling Blackness explores the multitiered production of a Black semiotic field across two continents and over three centuries. Specifically, it illuminates how important it is that we take seriously the ways a group of young people from Liberia, a central site of Black Diaspora, use a range of signs to performatively act on Black and antiblack worlds and to create complex diasporic relationality. Raciosemiotics is explained, key epistemological terms are introduced, and the author outlines their main conceptual contributions (“telling,” “slow life,” “ways of relating,” and “sonic cartographies”). The author also details their ethical and intellectual concerns and commitments throughout. The section ends with a chapter overview of Telling Blackness’s six subsequent chapters.
Measures of Disease Occurrence, Association, and Causal Effects
Authors: Rothman Kenneth J. , Huybrechts Krista F. , Murray Eleanor J.
Published: November 2024

As with most sciences, measurement is a central feature of epidemiology. The fundamental measures used by epidemiologists are incidence rate and incidence proportion (used synonymously with risk), which measure the occurrence of disease; and prevalence proportion, which measures the presence of disease. These measures are compared among different groups to learn about group differences or the effect of exposures of interest. One cannot measure causation directly, but one can aim to derive measures that reflect, to the extent possible, causal effects. Measures can be compared on the absolute scale, based on rate or risk difference, or the relative scale, based on ratios of rates or risks.
Centering Antiracism, Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (ADEI) Practices in Leadership
Authors: Araque Juan Carlos , Weiss Eugenia L.
Published: November 2024

Chapter 10, “Centering Antiracism, Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (ADEI) Practices in Leadership,” explores issues of antiracist practices in the workplace. The leader is urged to increase their understanding and critically deconstruct the many ways in which racism and discrimination can impact individuals and communities. The goal is for leaders to develop and implement effective ADEI strategies to make organizations thrive. Given the participatory and inclusive approach required for ADEI work, the road to organizational development and transformation is impacted by many aspects of organizations, such as size, structure, mission, constituency, and geographic location. An ADEI leader must be able to navigate these issues and challenges while supporting their organizations.
Borderless Africa
Authors: Mangeni Francis , Mold Andrew
Published: November 2024

The African Continental Free Trade Area, established in 2018, represented a monumental step forward for Africa in terms of meeting longstanding aspirations for greater economic and political integration. But it has nonetheless been met with skepticism in some quarters, both within the continent and beyond. Borderless Africa makes the case for the AfCFTA in an accessible and compelling way, without shying away from technical and academic debates. The book takes the reader through the different dimensions and implications of the AfCFTA, the largest free-trade zone in the world, starting with its underlying economic rationale. Pointing to historical examples of successful regional integration, they argue that the African continent will need to take on board lessons from these experiences as the agreement is implemented. They discuss, too, the more controversial elements of the AfCFTA, including the freedom of movement protocol, contending that this should not be seen as an optional extra, but as an intrinsic part of the accord. Also exploring the role of external partners in the construction of an economically stronger, more united Africa, this study reveals how the AfCFTA will contribute to economic development across the continent.
“Taking a line for a walk”
Authors: Nel Philip
Published: November 2024

Discussing the role of line in art, this chapter introduces compositions of Paul Klee and Saul Steinberg and their potential influence on the style of both Harold and Crockett Johnson. Many moments in Klee’s Pedagogical Sketchbook resonate strongly with Harold and the Purple Crayon. In the opening pages of Harold and the Purple Crayon, Harold creates an abstraction with the stability of architecture and the velocity of emotion. Thus, the book begins with a paradox since the random crayon strokes of a small boy have the careful composition expected from a great artist. The chapter contends that, regardless of whether Johnson read Klee’s Pedagogical Sketchbook, Crockett Johnson shared Klee’s understanding of how line works in art.
Carefully Planned Improvisation
Authors: Nel Philip
Published: November 2024

This chapter considers the carefully planned improvisation in Harold and the Purple Crayon, suggesting that the invisibility of Johnson’s artifice is what makes the book so powerful. Moreover, the production of the book underlines his meticulousness and the complexity of assembling the simple book. The chapter details the production of Harold and the Purple Crayon and its respective texts and illustrations, which indicates Johnson's graphic precision in creating Harold’s spontaneity. It cites Johnson's argument to never overlook the art of the seemingly simple.
Type
Authors: Nel Philip
Published: November 2024

This chapter focuses on the Garamond typeface of Harold and the Purple Crayon. It explains that the typeface is likely the influence of Arthur Rushmore, who was a book designer, typographer, and head of Harper & Brothers’ Book Production and Manufacturing from the late 1920s. Garamond’s most powerful effect on Harold and the Purple Crayon is the invisibility of its legibility. The typeface’s apparent transparency derives as much from its design as it does from the frequency of its use. The chapter suggests that this illusion is apt for a tale that acknowledges illusion’s role in creating reality.
“I stubbed my toe on Harold and his damned purple crayon”
Authors: Nel Philip
Published: November 2024

This chapter provides an overview of how Harold and the Purple Crayon nearly did not get published. It details that editor Ursula Nordstrom, who was also the Director of Harper & Brothers’ Department of Books for Boys and Girls, was puzzled upon receiving the book. Harper reader Ann Powers was also not immediately taken with Harold and the Purple Crayon. Eventually, both Powers and Nordstrom came around. The chapter presents how Powers changed her mind while she was writing her reader’s report as she concludes that it will be one of those books which are indescribable in copy.
Postwar America Embraces Children’s Creativity
Authors: Nel Philip
Published: November 2024

This chapter examines how postwar America embraced the creativity of children. In the 1950s, US government agencies and private companies lauded creativity as an untapped natural resource. Harold and the Purple Crayon and its sequels emerged when creative education was posited as a moral good when the inherently creative romantic child could be nurtured, studied, quantified, and commodified. Elementary schools across the US promoted art education as fostering humanistic values, a democratic spirit, self-confidence, and the creativity necessary for success in life. The chapter cites that popular children’s program Winky-Dink and You encouraged young imaginations while being fully interactive.
The Purple Crayon
Authors: Nel Philip
Published: November 2024

This chapter highlights the importance of the purple crayon within the narrative of Harold and the Purple Crayon. According to Crockett Johnson, purple is the color of adventure. Although in the early days of Crayola, the purple crayon’s name varied (it could be either violet or purple), it was always one of the colors in the box. Whatever the color was called, Johnson would have had access to purple crayons as a young boy, both in the schoolroom and out. The chapter suggests that choosing the purple crayon meant that Johnson was recalling his own childhood drawing.
Time
Authors: Nel Philip
Published: November 2024

This chapter explores the notion of time in Harold and the Purple Crayon. If readers measure a story’s duration by how long it takes to read, the pace will vary. Since how Harold experiences time would depend on what he is doing, emotional experience shapes temporal experience. The chapter explains that the change in the ratio of one’s age to a unit of time is the main reason that the childhood experience feels longer than the adulthood experience. Since time passes more quickly for adults, an adult and a child looking at the same copy of Harold and the Purple Crayon simultaneously would not have the same temporal experience of Harold’s adventure.
The Real Harolds
Authors: Nel Philip
Published: November 2024

Noting that the narrative voice from Harold and the Purple Crayon sounds like both an adult and a child, this chapter points out that thinking in terms of an adult-child dichotomy imposes an artificial boundary. The chapter highlights that Harold combines the selves of at least one adult and three children. Harold combines both 8-year-old and 48-year-old Crockett Johnson to represent adult Johnson’s insight that there was not a fundamental division between “adult” and “child.” The chapter explains that the other children were Nina Rowand Wallace, who was Johnson’s 8-year-old office mate, and Harold Frank, Johnson’s nephew.
Harold and the Red Crayon?
Authors: Nel Philip
Published: November 2024

This chapter considers a “red” or more radical reading of Harold and the Purple Crayon: Johnson wrote the book while under investigation by the FBI, which first thought him a “concealed Communist” and then decided perhaps he was loyal enough to become a government informant. Though it’s unclear whether he was ever a member of the Communist Party, Johnson believed in international socialism and certainly supported communism in the 1930s. Given the conditions under which he wrote Harold and the Purple Crayon, the book might be read as an autobiographical fantasy in which Johnson escapes surveillance via the imagination. Or it might be read as endorsing the radical slogan “All power to the imagination!” Or perhaps it should be read as advising mindful imagining.
Culture as Canon
Authors: Roy Olivier
Published: November 2024

This chapter evaluates how culture, understood as a corpus, as canon, is a set of products and practices that are selected and taught, in other words handed down according to rules and procedures, with axiological intent, providing a moral ideal for all. Normativity and pedagogy thus go hand in hand. One place where high culture is defined and perpetuated is the university. The status of high culture is always fragile, because, unlike anthropological culture, it exists only through explicit transmission. It is the very means of such transmission that are being called into question today. High culture was challenged not in relation to political stances on the left or right but in terms of the conflict between humanism and anti-humanism, or the critique of humanism. The chapter then looks at the standard globalization of “mass culture”; the theory of excellence and the Shanghai criteria; and how the very configuration of knowledge has changed because of the internet.
Introduction
Authors: Kenny Michael
Published: November 2024

Whether the Union of Great Britain and Northern Ireland will survive in its current form has become an existential question in British politics post-Brexit. The root cause lies in a long history of political turbulence, rising nationalism, and declining confidence in governing institutions. Current tensions in Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales, combined with the unpredictable interactions of nationalist politics, further strain the Union. Despite this, the Union remains a secondary theme in Westminster, overshadowed by issues like Brexit and economic growth. Its future prospects depend on how these dynamics evolve and how political actors and civil servants understand and respond to these challenges.
Multiple-reciprocity marking in the Kikongo Language Cluster
Authors: Dom Sebastian , Goes Heidi , Bostoen Koen
Published: November 2024

Bantu languages belonging to the Kikongo Language Cluster generally have two reciprocal markers. These are the reflex of Proto-Bantu *-an and a complex suffix ending in -an. Their functional distribution turns out not to be well understood in the existing literature. Through a pilot corpus study, the authors argue here that the complex marker is mainly used to convey prototypical reciprocal events, while simplex -an has evolved into a lexicalized ‘middle’ marker. They furthermore reconstruct the complex suffix *-izyan to Proto-Kikongo, identify its first element as a reflex of the compound causative suffix *-ɪd-i, and propose that its rise as a non-compositional marker of prototypical reciprocity is the outcome of a semantic generalization from ‘reciprocity of causation’ to ‘reciprocity’.
Responsible Policy Engagement
Authors: Epstein Rachel A. , Kaplan Oliver
Published: November 2024

This chapter lays out the enterprise of “bridging the gap” between researchers and policymakers, in which policymakers draw on scholarly findings or expertise to inform or justify policy. It makes the case that there is an increasing need for understanding the principles of responsible engagement when communicating research to policy audiences. It then reviews some of the key ethical challenges and dilemmas, including the misuse of research, problems of positionality, prosocial lying, unpopular findings, overgeneralization, and ambiguous evidence, that social scientists are likely to encounter when sharing their research and knowledge. It also alerts policymakers to the advantages of being ethically aware and informed as they approach academics and ask them to provide advice on policy issues, and previews the case study chapters contained in the volume.
Pre-register Your Ethical Redlines
Authors: Lyall Jason
Published: November 2024

Drawing on field work experience in Russia and Afghanistan, as well as on work with a range of government agencies and nongovernmental organizations, Jason Lyall offers a detailed set of recommendations around preregistering one’s ethical redlines and publishing them in advance of any field research in conflict settings to guard against the normalization of unethical practices. Social pressures are especially acute and high-stakes in conflict settings or amid contentious politics. Not only is access difficult for researchers, but findings could adversely affect populations. Conflicts of interest abound as parties to a conflict potentially view researchers as a vehicle to advance their side of an argument. Publishing a “preregistration” document provides an ethical anchor and reference point, bringing accountability to the researcher and warding off dubious research and policy partners in the first place. It also forces the investigator to think through, in dialogue with peers and research subjects, the potential harms to populations that could inadvertently flow from any given project. “E-hacking” refers to ethical compromises that researchers at times feel pressured to make, while “preregistration” is one method of inoculating oneself against such pressure to avoid “seduction.”
Coping with Conflicting Claims
Authors: Sisk Timothy D.
Published: November 2024

This chapter reflects on how to advise policymakers in the absence of scholarly consensus. Political scientists disagree over whether ethnically based power sharing is advisable in postconflict and deeply divided societies. While there is evidence that such an approach can “stop the killing,” many studies also point to the potential for cementing ethnic divisions rather than the effective cultivation of crosscutting cleavages. Timothy Sisk systematically reviews debates over how peace accords shape downstream institutional performance, the appeal and perils of presidentialism, trade-offs within different electoral systems, and the possible advantages and risks of power decentralization. He concludes that while policymakers may be attracted to scholarly findings identifying the “best” institutions for cementing lasting peace, their risk aversion may nevertheless steer them toward suboptimal solutions. While competing imperatives may not be resolvable, Sisk argues that researchers can still engage responsibly by highlighting contingency, complexity, and context in connection with every research finding. Explaining to policymakers the extent to which particular methodological choices apply (or not) to any given policy setting can potentially improve the quality of research-to-policy interactions.
Partnered Policy Engagement
Authors: Kaplan Oliver
Published: November 2024

This chapter explores how scholars can in some cases transcend competing imperatives. Oliver Kaplan writes about his experience empowering—rather than marginalizing—stakeholders who were the subjects of research. Through a collaboration among academics, local peacebuilders, and NGOs, Kaplan shared the successes and failures of community-based atrocities prevention strategies with other NGOs and government policymakers. He reviews here the ethical considerations involved in what he terms his process of “partnered engagement” with a local peacebuilder from Colombia, Cristina Serna. Kaplan and Serna co-presented their findings and experiences at in-person briefings in the US with NGOs and policymakers. The connections with the policymakers proved highly valuable for Serna and her community, allowing her to share lessons with a broader audience and gain support from new international actors. The participation of Serna’s local voice and face in the dialogues also gave more weight to and humanized the available scholarly research findings. At the same time, the partnering was not without risks and possible negative effects. The process elevated some countries, communities, and individuals over others in benefitting from the engagement opportunity, and the travel also posed opportunity costs and potential hardships. Kaplan concludes that for partnered engagements to be both successful and responsible, scholars should address researcher positionality as well as the potential burdens on local actors.