bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Time spent on social media use and BMI z‐score: A cross‐sectional explanatory pathway analysis of 10798 14‐year‐old boys and girls
Authors: Foubister Campbell , Jago Russell , Sharp Stephen J. , van Sluijs Esther M. F.
Published: March 2023

Background

The association between adolescent time spent on social media use and body mass index z‐score (BMI z‐score) is unclear. Pathways of association and sex differences are also unclear. This study examined the association between time spent on social media use and BMI z‐score (primary objective) and potential explanatory pathways (secondary objective) for boys and girls.

Methods

Data are from 5332 girls and 5466 boys aged 14 years in the UK Millennium Cohort Study. BMI z‐score was regressed on self‐reported time spent on social media use (h/day). Potential explanatory pathways explored included dietary intake, sleep duration, depressive symptoms, cyberbullying, body‐weight satisfaction, self‐esteem, and well‐being. Sex‐stratified multivariable linear regression and structural equation modelling were used to examine potential associations and explanatory pathways.

Results

Using social media for ≥5 h/day (vs. <1 h/day) was positively associated with BMI z‐score for girls (β [95% CI]) (0.15 [0.06, 0.25]) (primary objective, multivariable linear regression). For girls, the direct association was attenuated when sleep duration (0.12 [0.02, 0.22]), depressive symptoms (0.12 [0.02, 0.22]), body‐weight satisfaction (0.07 [−0.02, 0.16]), and well‐being (0.11 [0.01, 0.20]) were included (secondary objective, structural equation modelling). No associations were observed for boys and potential explanatory pathway variables were not examined.

Conclusions

In girls, high time spent on social media use (≥5 h/day) was positively associated with BMI z‐score, and this association was partially explained by sleep duration, depressive symptoms, body‐weight satisfaction, and well‐being. Associations and attenuations between a self‐reported summary variable of time spent on social media use and BMI z‐score were small. Further research should examine whether time spent on social media use is related to other adolescent health metrics.
Regulation of migrant entrepreneurship: The strained conjunction of laws, policies and practices
Authors: Solano Giacomo , Ram Monder , Rath Jan
Published: March 2023

We are struck by a curious paradox: the flourishing discourse on migrant entrepreneurship is replete with references to the regulatory environment; yet the precise ways in which regulations exert influence is rarely spelt out. This task is all the more urgent because policymakers are alighting on the fact that migrants often turn to self‐employment to make their way in destination societies. Yet, the extent to which regulations – comprising laws and governmental and non‐governmental policy measures and practices – is poorly understood. This special section aims at filling this gap by adopting a theoretically informed analytical perspective to understand the role of regulation in migrant entrepreneurship. Articles in this special section analyse the nature of laws, policies and practices, the factors of success/failure of these, the role of governmental and non‐governmental actors, and the effect of different welfare regimes and governance conditions.
Public health and social measures during health emergencies such as the COVID‐19 pandemic: An initial framework to conceptualize and classify measures
Authors: Rehfuess Eva A. , Movsisyan Ani , Pfadenhauer Lisa M. , Burns Jacob , Ludolph Ramona , Michie Susan , Strahwald Brigitte
Published: March 2023

Background

Public health and social measures (PHSM) intend to reduce the transmission of infectious diseases and to reduce the burden on health systems, economies and societies. During the COVID‐19 pandemic, PHSM have been selected, combined and implemented in a variable manner and inconsistently categorized in policy trackers. This paper presents an initial conceptual framework depicting how PHSM operate in a complex system, enabling a wide‐reaching description of these measures and their intended and unintended outcomes.

Methods

In a multi‐stage development process, we combined (i) a complexity perspective and systems thinking; (ii) literature on existing COVID‐19 PHSM frameworks, taxonomies and policy trackers; (iii) expert input and (iv) application to school and international travel measures.

Results

The initial framework reflects our current understanding of how PHSM are intended to achieve transmission‐related outcomes in a complex system, offering visualizations, definitions and worked examples. First, PHSM operate through two basic mechanisms, that is, reducing contacts and/or making contacts safer. Second, PHSM are defined not only by the measures themselves but by their stringency and application to specific populations and settings. Third, PHSM are critically influenced by contextual factors. The framework provides a tool for structured thinking and further development, rather than a ready‐to‐use tool for practice.

Conclusions

This conceptual framework seeks to facilitate coordinated, interdisciplinary research on PHSM effectiveness, impact and implementation; enable consistent, coherent PHSM monitoring and evaluation; and contribute to evidence‐informed decision‐making on PHSM implementation, adaptation and de‐implementation. We expect this framework to be modified and refined over time.
Molluscs, morphology, and metaphor in Pablo Neruda's STEAMiest poem
Authors: Wonham Marjorie , Wasson Curtis
Published: March 2023

The growing enthusiasm for STEAM (STEM + Arts) initiatives reflects the rich potential for inquiry and integration between arts and sciences. Biologically informed poetry is an active interdisciplinary area of creation and analysis that requires biologically attuned illustration and translation to retain its STEAM effectiveness across linguistic barriers. Pablo Neruda, Chilean poet and Nobel laureate, was a keen observer and informed scholar who wove his scientific knowledge into his poetry. He was particularly obsessed with the sea and featured marine invertebrates in many of his works. The molluscs in his poem “Mollusca Gongorina” are unusual in being specified by their Latin genera. In this zoopoetic analysis, we first ask whether the 11 specimens can be identified to species and find that eight have ready identifications based on morphology in the poem's text, and three have likely identifications based on the poem's themes. We then examine illustrations and translations of the poem, identify where they are consonant or dissonant with the biology of the original, and propose alternative translations informed by the species' identities. Our zoopoetic approach to what could today be considered a STEAMy poem surfaces the beauty of its imagery and narrative, reflects the biological sophistication of the poet, enhances the coherence of its translations making it accessible to a wider audience, and allows it to enhance the biological literacy of the reader.
Understanding heterogeneity in suicidal thoughts and behaviours and the implications for genetic studies – a commentary on Lannoy et al. (2022)
Authors: Mirza Salahudeen , Docherty Anna R. , Monson Eric T. , Coon Hilary , Keeshin Brooks , Fries Gabriel R.
Published: March 2023

Preventing suicidal thoughts and behaviours (STB) among youth is a global public health priority. STB are known to have a heritable basis, and the development of risk for STB likely arises from complex gene–environment interactions across the life course. Lannoy et al. (Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 63, 2022 and 1164) describe a study in which polygenic risk for suicide attempt, as well as recent negative life events, were related to recent suicidal ideation in adolescents of about 17 years old. Building on this important work, we highlight several critical areas of focus for research in suicide genetics, including problems of measurement, as well as priorities for better uncovering the specific aetiological pathways to STB.
Quantifying hydraulic roughness in a riparian forest using a drag force‐based method
Authors: Sharpe Richard Gordon , Brooks Andrew , Olley Jon , Kemp Justine
Published: March 2023

Flow resistance through riparian forests due to drag on trees is often expressed in hydraulic models with an increase in a boundary resistance factor such as Manning's n. However, when Manning's n is used as a proxy for vegetation drag, this parameter is dependent on flow conditions and a single, uniform value may be inadequate for simulating a broad range of flood magnitudes. To investigate this issue, flow resistance, and the commensurate Manning's n values through a riparian forest were computed using measured drag forces and estimates of the forest structure and tree morphology. The computed Manning's n values were applied to a 2D hydraulic model (TUFLOW) to simulate an observed flood and a range of design floods. Modelled peak flood levels for the observed flood were 0.16 m lower on average than that recorded at debris marks. There was little difference in modelled flood levels when using the computed Manning's n compared to a traditional, uniform Manning's n. Reassuringly, the traditional method appears adequate when reliable calibration data is available. Otherwise, the method developed here provides a useful alternative in cases where calibration data is limited or for testing reforestation as a nature‐based solution in river or flood management.
Skeletal muscle atrophy is exacerbated by steatotic and fibrotic liver‐derived TNF‐α in senescence‐accelerated mice
Authors: Shirakami Yohei , Kato Junichi , Maeda Toshihide , Ideta Takayasu , Imai Kenji , Sakai Hiroyasu , Shiraki Makoto , Shimizu Masahito
Published: March 2023

Background and Aim

Although liver diseases, including non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis, are associated with skeletal muscle atrophy, the mechanism behind their association has not been fully elucidated. In this study, the effects of aging and non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis on the skeletal muscle, and the interaction between the liver and muscle were investigated using a diet‐induced non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis model in senescence‐accelerated mice.

Methods

A total of four groups of senescence‐accelerated mice and the control mice were fed either a non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis‐inducing or control diet, and their livers and skeletal muscles were removed for examinations.

Results

In the senescence‐accelerated/non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis group, serum level of alanine aminotransferase was markedly elevated and histopathology of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis was significant. Skeletal muscles were also markedly atrophied. The expression of the ubiquitin ligase Murf1 in the muscle was significantly increased with muscle atrophy, while that of Tnfa was not significantly different. In contrast, the hepatic Tnfa expression and serum TNF‐α levels were significantly increased in the senescence‐accelerated/non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis group. These results suggest that liver‐derived TNF‐α might promote muscle atrophy associated with steatohepatitis and aging through Murf‐1. The metabolomic analysis of skeletal muscle indicated higher spermidine and lower tryptophan levels in the steatohepatitis‐diet group.

Conclusions

The findings of this study revealed an aspect of liver–muscle interaction, which might be important in developing treatments for sarcopenia associated with liver diseases.
Proposal of a common terminology for the neuropsychological rehabilitation
Authors: Pinto Joana O. , Peixoto Bruno , Dores Artemisa R. , Barbosa Fernando
Published: March 2023

The literature on neuropsychological intervention (NI) uses a variety of terms to refer to equivalent constructs, making it difficult to compare intervention programmes and their outcomes. The purpose of this work is to propose a unified terminological framework for describing NI programmes. The terminological framework was developed based on a previous proposal for common terminology by Johnstone and Stonnington (Rehabilitation of neuropsychological disorders: A practical guide for rehabilitation professionals. Psychology Press, 2011) and driven by Cognitive Psychology concepts. The terminological framework was organized into two sections: (a) NI, which includes types of NI, methods and approaches, instructional methods, and strategies; and (b) neurocognitive functions, which includetemporal and spatial orientation,sensation,perception,visuo‐constructional abilities,attention,memory,language,reasoning of several sorts(e.g., abstract reasoning, and numerical reasoning), andexecutive functions. Most NI tasks target a main neurocognitive function, but there are underlying neurocognitive functions that may impair performance in the former. Since it is difficult to create a task that is solely focused on one neurocognitive function, the proposed terminology should not be viewed as a taxonomy, but rather as dimensional, with the same task allowing to work different functions, in varying grades. Adopting this terminological framework will allow to define the targeted neurocognitive functions more accurately and simplify the comparison between NI programmes and their outcomes. Future research should focus on describing the main techniques/strategies for each neurocognitive function and non‐cognitive interventions.
Prospective cohort study for postnatal cytomegalovirus infection in preterm infants
Authors: Ogawa Ryo , Kasai Ayaka , Hiroma Takehiko , Tozuka Minoru , Inaba Yuji , Nakamura Tomohiko
Published: March 2023

Aim

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a virus that can cause congenital and postnatal infections. Postnatal CMV is mainly transmitted via breast milk and blood transfusions. Frozen–thawed breast milk is used to prevent postnatal CMV infection. A prospective cohort study was conducted to determine the infection rate, risk, and clinical findings of postnatal CMV infection.

Methods

This prospective cohort study included infants born at 32 weeks or earlier than the gestational age (GA). Participants were prospectively screened for infection in the urine by performing urine CMV DNA tests twice, that is, once within the first 3 weeks of life and again after 35 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA). Postnatal CMV infection was defined as a case of CMV negative tests within 3 weeks of birth and CMV positive tests after 35 weeks PMA. CMV‐negative blood products were used for transfusions in all cases.

Results

A total of 139 patients were subjected to two urine CMV DNA tests. The prevalence of postnatal CMV infection was 5.0%. One patient died of sepsis‐like syndrome. The risk factors of postnatal CMV infection were younger GA and older age of the mother. The characteristic clinical findings of postnatal CMV infection were pneumonia.

Conclusions

Frozen–thawed breast milk feeding is not fully effective in preventing postnatal CMV infection. The prevention of postnatal CMV infection is important to further improve the survival rate of preterm infants. Development of guidelines on breast milk feeding for the prevention of postnatal CMV infection is necessary in Japan.
An interprofessional school‐based initiative to increase access to oral health care in underserved Florida counties
Authors: Morón Elías M. , Singer Richard
Published: March 2023

OBJECTIVE

To examine and describe the effect of an oral health education program on school‐based nurses' acquisition of oral health knowledge.

METHODS

Three‐hour synchronous videoconference sessions provided training for nurses to conduct oral health risk assessments, screen for oral diseases, deliver oral health education, apply fluoride varnish, and refer children identified in need of further assessment and treatment to a dentist. Oral health knowledge acquisition was assessed by comparing pre‐training and post‐training examination scores. Analyses included descriptive statistics and the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test.

RESULTS

Seventeen nurses from Suwannee, Lafayette, and Hamilton counties participated in the oral health education training program. Analyses of the school‐based nurses' test results showed a significant increase in correct answers on the post‐training test (93%) compared to the pre‐training test (56%). Six hundred forty‐one children from six elementary public schools received oral health education, oral screenings, and fluoride varnish applications. Fifty‐eight percent of the children had untreated caries, 43% had treated caries, 15% had sealant on permanent molars, and 3% required urgent care. Nurses successfully referred children identified in need of further assessment and treatment to a dentist.

CONCLUSIONS

The synchronous videoconference oral health training program was effective in improving school‐based nurses' oral health knowledge. The knowledge acquired by school‐based nurses via oral health training programs can be leveraged to increase access to oral health care for vulnerable and unserved school‐aged populations.
Long‐term ear‐EEG monitoring of sleep – A case study during shift work
Authors: Jørgensen Sofie Drevsholt , Kidmose Preben , Mikkelsen Kaare , Blech Maxine , Hemmsen Martin Christian , Rank Mike Lind , Kjaer Troels Wesenberg
Published: March 2023

The interest in sleep as a potential clinical biomarker is growing, but the standard method of sleep assessment, polysomnography, is expensive, time consuming, and requires a lot of expert assistance for both set‐up and interpretation. To make sleep analysis more available both in research and in the clinic, there is a need for a reliable wearable device for sleep staging. In this case study, we test ear‐electroencephalography. A wearable, where electrodes are placed in the outer ear, as a platform for longitudinal at‐home recording of sleep. We explore the usability of the ear‐electroencephalography in a shift work case with alternating sleep conditions. We find the ear‐electroencephalography platform to be reliable both in terms of showing substantial agreement to polysomnography after long‐time use (with an overall agreement, using Cohen's kappa, of 0.72) and by being unobtrusive enough to wear during night shift conditions. We find that fractions of non‐rapid eye movement sleep and transition probability between sleep stages show great potential as sleep metrics when exploring quantitative differences in sleep architecture between shifting sleep conditions. This study shows that the ear‐electroencephalography platform holds great potential as a reliable wearable for quantifying sleep “in the wild”, pushing this technology further towards clinical adaptation.
Dynamic personalized prediction of the individual liver‐related risk after sustained viral response in HCV patients
Authors: Moreau Clémence , Roux Marine , Riou Jérémie , Canivet Clémence M. , Audureau Etienne , Lusivika‐Nzinga Clovis , Nahon Pierre , Carrat Fabrice , Boursier Jérôme ,   the ANRS CO12 CirVir group and the ANRS CO22 HEPATHER group
Published: March 2023

Sustained viral response (SVR) significantly improves the prognosis in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) chronic infection but does not totally alleviate the risk of liver‐related complications (LRC). We aimed to evaluate whether the dynamics of multiple measurements of simple parameters after SVR enable the development of a personalized prediction of prognosis in HCV patients. HCV mono‐infected patients who experienced SVR in two prospective cohorts (ANRS CO12 CirVir cohort: derivation set; ANRS CO22 HEPATHER cohort: validation set) were included. The study outcome was LRC, a composite criterion including decompensation of cirrhosis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma. Joint latent class modelling accounting for both biomarker trajectory and event occurrence during follow‐up was developed in the derivation set to compute individual dynamic predictions, with further evaluation in the validation set. In the derivation set (n = 695; 50 LRC during the median 3.8 [1.6–7.5] years follow‐up), FIB4 was identified as a biomarker associated with LRC occurrence after SVR. Joint modelling used sex and the dynamics of FIB4 and diabetes status to develop a personalized prediction of LRC. In the validation set (n = 7064; 273 LRC during the median 3.6 [2.5–4.9] years follow‐up), individual dynamic predictions from the model accurately stratified the risk of LRC. Time‐dependent Brier Score showed good calibration that improved with the accumulation of visits, justifying our modelling approach considering both baseline and follow‐up measurements. Dynamic modelling using repeated measurements of simple parameters predicts the individual residual risk of LRC and improves personalized medicine after SVR in HCV patients.
Spermidine suppresses the activation of hepatic stellate cells to cure liver fibrosis through autophagy activator MAP1S
Authors: Shi Boyun , Wang Wei , Ye Mengting , Liang Min , Yu Ziyu , Zhang Yingying , Liu Zhaoyu , Liang Xue , Ao Jian , Xu Fengfeng , Xu Guibin , Jiang Xianhan , Zhou Xinke , Liu Leyuan
Published: March 2023

Background and Aims

Liver diseases present a wide range of fibrosis, from fatty liver with no inflammation to steatohepatitis with varying degrees of fibrosis, to established cirrhosis leading to HCC. In a multivariate analysis, serum levels of spermidine were chosen as the top metabolite from 237 metabolites and its levels were drastically reduced along with progression to advanced steatohepatitis. Our previous studies that showed spermidine supplementation helps mice prevent liver fibrosis through MAP1S have prompted us to explore the possibility that spermidine can alleviate or cure already developed liver fibrosis.

Methods

We collected tissue samples from patients with liver fibrosis to measure the levels of MAP1S. We treated wild‐type and MAP1S knockout mice with CCl4‐induced liver fibrosis with spermidine and isolated HSCs in culture to test the effects of spermidine on HSC activation and liver fibrosis.

Results

Patients with increasing degrees of liver fibrosis had reduced levels of MAP1S. Supplementing spermidine in mice that had already developed liver fibrosis after 1 month of CCl4 induction for an additional 3 months resulted in significant reductions in levels of ECM proteins and a remarkable improvement in liver fibrosis through MAP1S. Spermidine also suppressed HSC activation by reducing ECM proteins at both the mRNA and protein levels, and increasing the number of lipid droplets in stellate cells.

Conclusions

Spermidine supplementation is a potentially clinically meaningful approach to treating and curing liver fibrosis, preventing cirrhosis and HCC in patients.
Bulk RNA‐seq analyses of mandibular condylar cartilage in a post‐traumatic TMJ osteoarthritis rabbit model
Authors: Tosa Ikue , Ruscitto Angela , Wang Ziyi , Chen Kira Z. , Ono Mitsuaki , Embree Mildred C.
Published: March 2023

Objective

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is anatomically comprised of the mandibular condylar cartilage (CC) lined with fibrocartilaginous superficial zone and is crucial for eating and dental occlusion. TMJ osteoarthritis (OA) leads to pain, joint dysfunction and permanent loss of cartilage tissue. However, there are no drugs clinically available that ameliorate OA and little is known about global profiles of genes that contribute to TMJ OA. Furthermore, animal models that recapitulate the complexity of signalling pathways contributing to OA pathogenesis are crucial for designing novel biologics that thwart OA progression. We have previously developed a New Zealand white rabbit TMJ injury model that demonstrates CC degeneration. Here, we performed genome‐wide profiling to identify new signalling pathways critical for cellular functions during OA pathology.

Materials and Methods

Temporomandibular joint OA was surgically induced in New Zealand white rabbits. Three months following injury, we performed global gene expression profiling of the TMJ condyle. RNA samples from TMJ condyles were subjected to sequencing. After raw RNA‐seq data were mapped to relevant genomes, differential expression was analysed with DESeq2. Gene ontology enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis were conducted.

Results/Conclusions

Our study revealed multiple pathways altered during TMJ OA induction including the Wnt, Notch and PI3K‐Akt signalling pathways. We demonstrate an animal model that recapitulates the complexity of the cues and signals underlying TMJ OA pathogenesis, which is essential for developing and testing novel pharmacologic agents to treat OA.
Drouetiella epilithica sp. nov. and Drouetiella lurida (Oculatellaceae, Synechococcales) isolated in the Republic of Korea based on the polyphasic approach
Authors: Kim Do‐Hyun , Lee Nam‐Ju , Wang Hye‐Ryeung , Lim An Suk , Lee Ok‐Min
Published: March 2023

Five strains of Drouetiella (ACKU666, 667, 668, 669 and 670) were isolated from gravels in water, stone monument and coastal mudflat in Korea, and were studied using morphological and molecular traits. All five strains had thin and simple trichomes and exhibited false branching. From these strains, four strains (ACKU666, 667, 668 and 669) exhibited similar cell lengths with reddish–brown colored cells such as Drouetiella lurida. The 16S rRNA gene phylogeny showed the four strains formed a clade with Drouetiella lurida, and their DNA similarity was calculated to be 99.1–100%. The color of strain ACKU670 appeared to be in bright blue–green color like Drouetiella fasciculata, and their thylakoids showed a parietal arrangement, which is a characteristic feature of the family Oculatellaceae. Strain ACKU670 turned out to be a sister clade to the D. lurida according to the phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene. The 16–23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer secondary folding structure (D1–D1′, Box‐B and V3 helices) confirmed the uniqueness of strain ACKU670, therefore indicating differences from the related species. Considering all the results, we described our strain ACKU670 as Drouetiella epilithica sp. nov. in accordance with the International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi and Plants.
Agricultural producer service subsidies and agricultural pollution: An approach based on endogenous agricultural pollution
Authors: Li Xiaochun , Fu Huanan
Published: March 2023

Agricultural producer service is an indispensable link in promoting agricultural modernization in developing countries, while agricultural pollution has become the largest source of pollution in many developing countries. Given that agricultural pollution is different from industrial pollution due to its endogenous characteristics, we linked agricultural pollution with the human capital level of labor and propose an endogenous model that reflects the agricultural pollution path, which is different from the traditional path. We studied the effects of government price subsidy, interest subsidy, and wage subsidy to agricultural producer service on agricultural pollution and other economic indicators by constructing a three‐sector general equilibrium model including agricultural producer service. We found that the rise of price subsidy for the agricultural producer service and the wage subsidy of the agricultural producer service sector would increase the output of agricultural sector and reduce the output of agricultural producer service under certain conditions, but aggravate agricultural pollution; at the same time, the rise of interest subsidy of the agricultural producer service sector would decrease the output of the agricultural sector, enhance the output of agricultural producer service conditionally, and decrease agricultural pollution. Preconditions of the three subsidies to improve national welfare have been obtained.
Disentangling working memory from multiple‐object tracking: Evidence from dual‐task interferences
Authors: Li Hui , Hu Luming , Wei Liuqing , He Hong , Zhang Xuemin
Published: March 2023

Multiple object tracking (MOT) is generally regarded as a pure attention‐consuming task that draws heavily on attention resources. In the present study, we adopted a cross‐channel visual‐audio dual‐task paradigm, i.e., the MOT task combined with the concurrent auditory N‐back working memory task, to test whether working memory indeed plays a necessary role in the process of multiple tracking, as well as to further identify the specific types of working memory components involved in this process. Experiments 1a and 1b examined the relationship between the MOT task and nonspatial object working memory (OWM) processing by manipulating the tracking load and working memory load, respectively. Results in both experiments indicated that the concurrent nonspatial OWM task did not have a significant effect on the tracking capacity of the MOT task. In contrast, Experiments 2a and 2b examined the relationship between the MOT task and spatial working memory (SWM) processing by a similar approach. Results in both experiments indicated that the concurrent SWM task significantly impaired the tracking capacity of the MOT task, showing a gradual decrease with increasing SWM load. Overall, our study provides empirical evidence that multiple object tracking does involve working memory, primarily related to spatial working memory rather than nonspatial object working memory, which sheds more light on the mechanisms of multiple object tracking.
Well‐being during the coronavirus pandemic: The effect of big five personality and COVID‐19 beliefs and behaviors
Authors: Horwood Sharon , Anglim Jeromy , Bereznicki Hannah , Wood Joshua K.
Published: March 2023

This study examined the relationship between personality traits, COVID‐specific beliefs and behaviors, and well‐being during the COVID‐19 pandemic. In July 2020, at the onset of a second major lockdown, Australian adults (n = 1453) completed measures of Big Five personality, COVID beliefs and behaviors (i.e., belief in a rapid recovery, perceived risk, compliance, change in exercise, and change in interpersonal conflict), subjective well‐being and COVID‐specific well‐being. Personality correlates of COVID‐specific well‐being differed from those with general life satisfaction. The benefits of conscientiousness were elevated whereas the benefits of extraversion and agreeableness were reduced. Neuroticism was related to greater perceived risk from the pandemic, elevated interpersonal conflict during the pandemic, and more pessimistic views about the rate at which society would recover from the pandemic. In contrast, conscientiousness was notably related to greater compliance with directions from public health authorities. While regression models showed that general well‐being was largely explained by personality, COVID factors provided incremental prediction, and this was greatest when predicting COVID‐specific well‐being and lowest for global evaluations of life satisfaction. The observed prediction by beliefs and behaviors on well‐being beyond personality, provides potential opportunities for targeted interventions to support the management of future novel stressors.
An assessment of various pools of organic phosphorus distributed in soil aggregates as affected by long‐term P fertilization regimes
Authors: Khan Asif , Guo Shengli , Wang Rui , Zhang Shulan , Yang Xueyun , He Binghui , Li Tianyang
Published: March 2023

The phosphorus (P) forms in long‐term fertilization determine the fate and transport of P in soil. However, the fate of various pools of organic P of added P in the long‐term measured with sequential chemical fractionation is not well‐understood. Four soil physical aggregates (>250, 125–250, 63–125 and <63 μm) from 0‐ to 20‐cm depth after 35 years of long‐term fertilization treatments including control (CK), nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer (NP) and NP combined with farmyard manure (NPM) under continuous winter wheat were separated using settling tube apparatus. Results showed that the application of long‐term P fertilization had no apparent effects on promoting the mass proportion of soil aggregates except for >250 μm, where the NP and NPM treatments significantly increased the mass proportion by 60% and 70% over CK, respectively. Compared with CK, P fertilizer (NP and NPM) treatments significantly increased organic P (Po) contents in each size aggregate. In particular, mean labile Po increased by 35% and 246%, moderately labile Po by 125% and 161%, nonlabile Po by 105% and 170% and total Po (TPo) by 101% and 178%, respectively, under NP and NPM treatments, respectively. There was a significant correlation between soil organic carbon (SOC) and Po fractions. SOC was exponentially positively correlated with labile Po but linearly positively correlated with moderately labile Po, nonlabile Po and TPo fractions among soil aggregates. A reduced C:Po ratio (<100) in soil aggregates among treatment indicates a large amount of available P accumulated in soils, and soil P loss risk in the study site is still high. Our results show that the Po pool measured by sequential chemical fractionation may represent an important, yet often overlooked, source of P in agriculture ecosystems. According to the result, long‐term mineral P fertilizer combined with organic amendments better sustains soil structural stability in large aggregates, contributing more Po availability in the moderately labile P followed by labile P in soil aggregates.
Continuous assessment of Peter Senge's learning organization model for improving the quality of Christian higher education in Indonesia
Authors: Simanjuntak Junihot M. , Heriyanto  , Hasibuan Nelson
Published: March 2023

This paper briefly discusses Peter Senge's Continuous Assessment Learning Organization Model for Quality Improvement, and describes how it is implemented in improving the quality of education by Christian Religious Colleges in Indonesia. The main conclusion of this paper is that Christian Religious Colleges in Indonesia must develop an organizational culture where continuous assessment for quality improvement is part of everyday practice in schools. To achieve this, it is proposed that schools should become learning communities based on Peter Senge's Learning Organization model. While this paper is not based on research, the main implication is that every school should seek creative ways to implement Peter Senge's Continuous Assessment Learning Organization Model for Quality Improvement according to its culture and spirituality. A second implication is a Christian learning organization should be a prayer‐defined organization. Every activity, every decision should be informed by prayer and be done in prayer, seeking the will of God, his approval, and his glory. Prayer should play a key role in any assessment. This conceptual paper is original as it explores the fit of applying Peter Senge's Continuous Assessment Learning Organization Model with seeking the will of God, his approval, and his glory for quality improvement in Christian Religious Colleges in Indonesia.
Social Media Marketing during COVID-19: Behaviors of Jordanian Users
Authors: Alghizzawi Mahmoud , Al-ameer Audai , Habes Mohammed , Attar Razaz Waheeb
Published: March 2023

Social media marketing is an important concept and influences the behavior of individuals and the change of their habits, based on evidence and marketing campaigns that target people to raise awareness and improve the course of their behavior for the better. This study aims to demonstrate the impact of social media marketing on the behavior of Jordanian citizens in light of the events of the spread of the Corona virus, and that by relying on a study and comparison of previous scientific studies that showed that social media marketing helps in modifying behaviors through the extent of the advantage of marketing campaigns, and in light of the spread of this epidemic some habits need to be modified by the Jordanian citizen. the study recommends decision-makers in Jordan must employ social media marketing in all its dimensions to influence the behavior of the Jordanian citizen to adhere to the new instructions that limit It is dangerous to spread this deadly disease and dispense with some traditional behaviors that contradict the recommendations of the World Health Organization regarding the behavior of individuals with each other. Thus, by keeping in view the study findings, the researchers recommended more studies addressing the use of Social Media marketing to spread Health crisis awareness to increase healthy behavior and mitigate its effects.
The Effect of Instagram Influencer Ads on Female Students’ Purchasing Behavior at Jordanian Universities
Authors: Makhadmeh Naheda , Rihani Roxana
Published: March 2023

The study aimed to identify the impact of Instagram influencers' ads on purchasing behavior of Jordanian university students, an electronic questionnaire was distributed to an equal quota sample of 450 female students at at Yarmouk University, the University of Jordan, and Mutah University. The study found that the largest percentage of respondents (40%) follow the pages of influencers for an hour to less than two hours, and that most products advertised through influencers via Instagram are interested in clothes, and the most prominent elements of attention included in influencers' ads were natural and realistic images of the product. The most interesting elements of influencers' ads were the logic and accuracy of the information in proportions and figures about the advertised product, while the most prominent influential elements in creating a desire for the respondents were: Clarifying the price of the product in the advertisement, and the percentage of respondents who buy the advertised products (43.8%), and the lack of confidence in the products advertised by influencers is one of the most prominent reasons for not buying for them.
Impact of sternotomy and pericardiotomy on cardiopulmonary haemodynamics in a large animal model
Authors: Kirk Mathilde Emilie , Merit Victor Tang , Moeslund Niels , Dragsbaek Simone Juel , Hansen Jacob Valentin , Andersen Asger , Lyhne Mads Dam
Published: March 2023

Animal models of cardiovascular disease are often evaluated by invasive instrumentation for phenotyping. As no consensus exists, both open‐ and closed‐chest approaches are used, which might compromise rigour and reproducibility in preclinical research. We aimed to quantify the cardiopulmonary changes induced by sternotomy and pericardiotomy in a large animal model. Seven pigs were anaesthetized, mechanically ventilated and evaluated by right heart catheterization and bi‐ventricular pressure–volume loop recordings at baseline and after sternotomy and pericardiotomy. Data were compared by ANOVA or the Friedmann test where appropriate, with post‐hoc analyses to control for multiple comparisons. Sternotomy and pericardiotomy caused reductions in mean systemic (−12 ± 11 mmHg, P = 0.027) and pulmonary pressures (−4 ± 3 mmHg, P = 0.006) and airway pressures. Cardiac output decreased non‐significantly (−1329 ± 1762 ml/min, P = 0.052). Left ventricular afterload decreased, with an increase in ejection fraction (+9 ± 7%, P = 0.027) and coupling. No changes were observed in right ventricular systolic function or arterial blood gases. In conclusion, open‐ versus closed‐chest approaches to invasive cardiovascular phenotyping cause a systematic difference in key haemodynamic variables. Researchers should adopt the most appropriate approach to ensure rigour and reproducibility in preclinical cardiovascular research.
To Linger in Post-Earthquake Christchurch: The Responsibility of Waiting
Authors: Carter Josephine
Published: March 2023

Following natural disasters in urban environments, those who remain are left not only to occupy an unfamiliar space but also to experience a painfully drawn out temporality: the time of waiting. A decade after earthquakes struck Christchurch city, some residents are still inhabiting a time of limbo, awaiting decisions on the fate of their homes and businesses. In this paper, I examine various creative projects that appeared in exposed and vacant sites in post-earthquake Christchurch. These projects turned such sites into dwelling spaces in which passers-by are encouraged to hesitate and linger. Such sites thus encourage people to experience the temporality of waiting, but in a different and I argue more enabling way. This paper examines the ethical possibilities that emerge from lingering before such sites. Drawing on the notion that ethics is not so much a normative procedure and more an impetus that opens up the space of the encounter, I argue that when Cantabrians tarry before such sites, they recognise a world which is not constituted by replaceable objects, but, instead, in their responsiveness, they experience a self that is constituted by its immersion in the world.
Keywords: natural disaster; waiting; temporality; Christchurch earthquakes; ethical responsiveness
Emergence of Canonical and Noncanonical Genomic Variants following
In Vitro
Exposure of Clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains to Bedaquiline or Clofazimine
Authors: Ismail N. , Dippenaar A. , Warren R. M. , Peters R. P. H. , Omar S. V.
Published: March 2023

In
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
, bedaquiline and clofazimine resistance occurs primarily through
Rv0678
variants, a gene encoding a repressor protein that regulates
mmpS5
/
mmpL5
efflux pump gene expression. Despite the shared effect of both drugs on efflux, little else is known about other pathways affected.
Multicentric Analysis of the Species Distribution and Antifungal Susceptibility of Clinical Isolates from Aspergillus Section
Circumdati
Authors: Imbert S. , Normand A. C. , Costa D. , Gabriel F. , Lachaud L. , Schuttler C. , Cassaing S. , Mahinc C. , Hasseine L. , Demar M. , Brun S. , Bonnal C. , Moreno-Sabater A. , Becker P. , Piarroux R. , Fekkar A.
Published: March 2023

The clinical involvement and antifungal susceptibility of
Aspergillus
section
Circumdati
are poorly known. We analyzed 52 isolates, including 48 clinical isolates, belonging to 9 species inside the section
Circumdati
.
Interplay between Two-Component Regulatory Systems Is Involved in Control of Cupriavidus metallidurans Metal Resistance Genes
Authors: Große Cornelia , Scherer Judith , Schleuder Grit , Nies Dietrich H.
Published: March 2023

Bacteria are able to acquire genes encoding resistance to metals and antibiotics by horizontal gene transfer. To bestow an evolutionary advantage on their host cell, new genes must be expressed, and their expression should be regulated so that resistance-mediating proteins are produced only when needed.
Draft Genomes of Two Fusobacterium simiae Strains
Authors: Zoaiter Malak , Fournier Pierre-Edouard , Houhamdi Linda
Published: March 2023

Here, we reported two draft genomes of
Fusobacterium simiae
: strain DSM 19848, initially isolated from monkey dental plaque, and its close relative strain Marseille-Q7035, cultivated from a human intra-abdominal abscess puncture fluid. Their genome sizes are 2.4 Mb and 2.5Mb, respectively. Their G+C contents were 27.1% and 27.2%, respectively.
Did nutrient-rich oceans fuel Earth’s oxygenation?
Authors: Rasmussen Birger , Muhling Janet R. , Tosca Nicholas J. , Fischer Woodward W.
Published: March 2023

Phosphorus (P) availability exerts a strong influence on primary productivity in global oceans. However, its abundance and role as a limiting nutrient prior to the start of the Great Oxygenation Event (GOE) 2.45–2.32 Ga is unclear. Low concentrations of seawater P have been proposed to explain the apparent delay between the early appearance of oxygen-producing Cyanobacteria and the onset of atmospheric oxygenation. We report evidence for seawater precipitation of Ca-phosphate nanoparticles in 2.46–2.40 Ga iron formations deposited on a marine shelf, including shallow-water facies, immediately prior to the onset of the GOE. Our modeling shows that the co-precipitation of Ca-phosphate and ferrous silicate (greenalite) required ferruginous seawater with dissolved P concentrations many orders of magnitude higher than in today’s photic zone. If correct, it follows that P availability is unlikely to have suppressed the expansion of Cyanobacteria prior to the GOE. A reservoir of P-rich surface water shortly before 2.40 Ga could ultimately have triggered a rapid rise in atmospheric oxygen by fueling a sharp increase in primary productivity and organic-carbon burial. We speculate that the enigmatic Lomagundi positive carbon-isotope excursion, recorded in 2.32–2.06 Ga shallow-water carbonates, may mark a key step in the transition toward a modern biosphere of high biological productivity controlled by nutrient availability.
Dating rare earth element enrichment in deep-sea sediments using U-Pb geochronology of bioapatite
Authors: Li Dengfeng , Peng Jinzhou , Chew David , Liang Yongjia , Hollings Pete , Fu Yu , Dong Yanhui , Sun Xiaoming
Published: March 2023

Deep-sea sediments rich in rare earth elements and yttrium (REY) are promising mineral resources that are believed to be associated with the burial of fish debris. However, the nature of the REY enrichment is poorly understood, in part due to a lack of robust age constraints. We report bioapatite U-Pb ages from an Ocean Drilling Program (Leg 199, Hole 1218A) core and a REY-rich sedimentary core from the Pacific Ocean, which yielded U-Pb ages ranging from 22.8 to 18.2 Ma and 6.5 to 2.2 Ma, respectively. The U-Pb fish teeth ages from the 1218A core are consistent with biostratigraphic constraints, shed light on the application of the U-Pb bioapatite chronometer, and yield an absolute time scale for stratigraphy, especially for sequences deposited below the calcite compensation depth (CCD), where there is an absence of fossil carbonate. The successful measurement of U-Pb ages from REY-enriched fish teeth in the REY-rich sediment core suggests the mineralization occurred no later than the Miocene in the western Pacific Ocean. Uranium is positively correlated with REY, suggesting that the U and REY were incorporated into the fish teeth lattice simultaneously, making the bioapatite U-Pb chronometer suitable for constraining the timing of REY mineralization. When combined with published data, our study suggests that the Miocene REY accumulation event in the western Pacific Ocean was influenced by high P2O5 and MnO2 contents correlated with oxic bottom water.
Supplemental Material: Intracontinental convergence accommodated by underthrustingof Tarim Basin beneath central Tian Shan, Central Asia: Insights from Cenozoic upper crust deformation across the western Kepingtage fold-and-thrust belt in the northern Tarim Basin
Authors: Huang Jialun , Chen Hanlin , al. et
Published: March 2023

Figure S1: The original uninterpreted seismic reflection profile of Line B–B′ and related observations, with its location shown in Figure 1. Figure S2: The original uninterpreted seismic reflection profile of Line C–C′ and related observations, with its location shown in Figure 1. Figure S3: The original uninterpreted seismic reflection profile of Line D–D′ and related observations, with its location shown in Figure 1. Figure S4: The original uninterpreted seismic reflection profile of Line E–E′ and related observations, with its location shown in Figure 1.
Supplemental Material: Peak-ring magnetism: Rock and mineral magnetic properties of the Chicxulub impact crater
Authors: Mendes Bruno Daniel Leite , al. et
Published: March 2023

Supplemental Text is a descriptive document that contains information about the core correction procedure, additional hysteresis parameters vs. depth data, and a brief explanation of the remaining supplemental files. Supplemental Data S1 includes all electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) data, including calibration parameters for the measurements. Highlighted samples are the samples selected for Table 1. Supplemental Data S2 contains all temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility (k-T) data, including a table with all parameters, used for Table 2. Supplemental Data S3 contains all thermomagnetic curves (M-T) data, both raw data files and measurement graphs. Supplemental Data S4 contains all high-temperature annealing experiments shown in Figure 9. Note that only the data are presented; no graphs were plotted. Supplemental Data S5 is a spreadsheet with the calculations for Q ratios used in Figure 10. Supplemental Data S6 includes all hysteresis data, including pre- and postheating data, in individual measurement data files. Supplemental Data S7 contains all the paleomagnetic natural remanent magnetization (NRM) directional data. Supplemental Data S8 contains all isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM) component analysis data.