bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sensory- and Motor-Related Responses of Layer 1 Neurons in the Mouse Visual Cortex
Authors: Mesik Lukas , Huang Junxiang J. , Zhang Li I. , Tao Huizhong W.
Published: November 2019

Cortical layer 1 (L1) contains a sparse and molecularly distinct population of inhibitory interneurons. Their location makes them ideally suited for affecting computations involving long-range corticocortical and subcortical inputs, yet their response properties remain largely unexplored. Here we attempt to characterize some of the functional properties of these neurons in the primary visual cortex of awake mice. We find that the strongest driver of L1 neuron activity is locomotion, with at least half of L1 neurons displaying locomotion-related activity. Visual responses are present in a similar fraction of neurons, but these responses are weaker and frequently suppressive. We also find that ∼43% of L1 neurons respond to noise stimuli and at least 14% respond to whisker touch, with these two populations being statistically independent. Finally, we find that 45% of L1 neurons have generally weak responses correlated with whisking activity. Overall, the spatial distributions of modality-specific responses were more or less random. Our work helps to establish the basic sensory- and motor-related responses of L1 interneurons, revealing several previously unreported characteristics.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTCortical processing even in primary sensory areas is strongly influenced by nonlocal corticocortical and neuromodulatory inputs. Many of these inputs are known to converge onto layer 1 where they target not only distal dendrites of pyramidal neurons but also a sparse population of inhibitory neurons. Previous studies have suggested that layer 1 neurons may play a crucial role in mediating the effects of these long-range projections, but the different types of inputs have mostly been studied in isolation. Here, we take a closer look at the response properties of layer 1 neurons in mouse visual cortex, examining both their visual properties, likely caused by direct thalamocortical inputs, and other sensory and motor properties, likely reflecting corticocortical and neuromodulatory inputs.
Laminar Differences in Responses to Naturalistic Texture in Macaque V1 and V2
Authors: Ziemba Corey M. , Perez Richard K. , Pai Julia , Kelly Jenna G. , Hallum Luke E. , Shooner Christopher , Movshon J. Anthony
Published: November 2019

Most single units recorded from macaque secondary visual cortex (V2) respond with higher firing rates to synthetic texture images containing “naturalistic” higher-order statistics than to spectrally matched “noise” images lacking these statistics. In contrast, few single units in V1 show this property. We explored how the strength and dynamics of response vary across the different layers of visual cortex by recording multiunit (defined as high-frequency power in the local field potential) and gamma-band activity evoked by brief presentations of naturalistic and noise images in V1 and V2 of anesthetized macaque monkeys of both sexes. As previously reported, recordings in V2 showed consistently stronger responses to naturalistic texture than to spectrally matched noise. In contrast to single-unit recordings, V1 multiunit activity showed a preference for images with naturalistic statistics, and in gamma-band activity this preference was comparable across V1 and V2. Sensitivity to naturalistic image structure was strongest in the supragranular and infragranular layers of V1, but weak in granular layers, suggesting that it might reflect feedback from V2. Response timing was consistent with this idea. Visual responses appeared first in V1, followed by V2. Sensitivity to naturalistic texture emerged first in V2, followed by the supragranular and infragranular layers of V1, and finally in the granular layers of V1. Our results demonstrate laminar differences in the encoding of higher-order statistics of natural texture, and suggest that this sensitivity first arises in V2 and is fed back to modulate activity in V1.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe circuit mechanisms responsible for visual representations of intermediate complexity are largely unknown. We used a well validated set of synthetic texture stimuli to probe the temporal and laminar profile of sensitivity to the higher-order statistical structure of natural images. We found that this sensitivity emerges first and most strongly in V2 but soon after in V1. However, sensitivity in V1 is higher in the laminae (extragranular) and recording modalities (local field potential) most likely affected by V2 connections, suggesting a feedback origin. Our results show how sensitivity to naturalistic image structure emerges across time and circuitry in the early visual cortex.
Synaptic Inputs to the Mouse Dorsal Vagal Complex and Its Resident Preproglucagon Neurons
Authors: Holt Marie K. , Pomeranz Lisa E. , Beier Kevin T. , Reimann Frank , Gribble Fiona M. , Rinaman Linda
Published: November 2019

Stress responses are coordinated by widespread neural circuits. Homeostatic and psychogenic stressors activate preproglucagon (PPG) neurons in the caudal nucleus of the solitary tract (cNTS) that produce glucagon-like peptide-1; published work in rodents indicates that these neurons play a crucial role in stress responses. While the axonal targets of PPG neurons are well established, their afferent inputs are unknown. Here we use retrograde tracing with cholera toxin subunit b to show that the cNTS in male and female mice receives axonal inputs similar to those reported in rats. Monosynaptic and polysynaptic inputs specific to cNTS PPG neurons were revealed using Cre-conditional pseudorabies and rabies viruses. The most prominent sources of PPG monosynaptic input include the lateral (LH) and paraventricular (PVN) nuclei of the hypothalamus, parasubthalamic nucleus, lateral division of the central amygdala, and Barrington's nucleus (Bar). Additionally, PPG neurons receive monosynaptic vagal sensory input from the nodose ganglia and spinal sensory input from the dorsal horn. Sources of polysynaptic input to cNTS PPG neurons include the hippocampal formation, paraventricular thalamus, and prefrontal cortex. Finally, cNTS-projecting neurons within PVN, LH, and Bar express the activation marker cFOS in mice after restraint stress, identifying them as potential sources of neurogenic stress-induced recruitment of PPG neurons. In summary, cNTS PPG neurons in mice receive widespread monosynaptic and polysynaptic input from brain regions implicated in coordinating behavioral and physiological stress responses, as well as from vagal and spinal sensory neurons. Thus, PPG neurons are optimally positioned to integrate signals of homeostatic and psychogenic stress.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTRecent research has indicated a crucial role for glucagon-like peptide-1-producing preproglucagon (PPG) neurons in regulating both appetite and behavioral and autonomic responses to acute stress. Intriguingly, the central glucagon-like peptide-1 system defined in rodents is conserved in humans, highlighting the translational importance of understanding its anatomical organization. Findings reported here indicate that PPG neurons receive significant monosynaptic and polysynaptic input from brain regions implicated in autonomic and behavioral responses to stress, as well as direct input from vagal and spinal sensory neurons. Improved understanding of the neural pathways underlying the recruitment of PPG neurons may facilitate the development of novel therapies for the treatment of stress-related disorders.
TeoNAM: A Nested Association Mapping Population for Domestication and Agronomic Trait Analysis in Maize
Authors: Chen Qiuyue , Yang Chin Jian , York Alessandra M , Xue Wei , Daskalska Lora L , DeValk Craig A , Krueger Kyle W , Lawton Samuel B , Spiegelberg Bailey G , Schnell Jack M , Neumeyer Michael A , Perry Joseph S , Peterson Aria C , Kim Brandon , Bergstrom Laura , Yang Liyan , Barber Isaac C , Tian Feng , Doebley John F
Published: November 2019

Recombinant inbred lines (RILs) are an important resource for mapping genes controlling complex traits in many species. While RIL populations have been developed for maize, a maize RIL population with multiple teosinte inbred lines as parents has been lacking. Here, we report a teosinte nested association mapping (TeoNAM) population, derived from crossing five teosinte inbreds to the maize inbred line W22. The resulting 1257 BC1S4 RILs were genotyped with 51,544 SNPs, providing a high-density genetic map with a length of 1540 cM. On average, each RIL is 15% homozygous teosinte and 8% heterozygous. We performed joint linkage mapping (JLM) and a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for 22 domestication and agronomic traits. A total of 255 QTL from JLM were identified, with many of these mapping near known genes or novel candidate genes. TeoNAM is a useful resource for QTL mapping for the discovery of novel allelic variation from teosinte. TeoNAM provides the first report that PROSTRATE GROWTH1, a rice domestication gene, is also a QTL associated with tillering in teosinte and maize. We detected multiple QTL for flowering time and other traits for which the teosinte allele contributes to a more maize-like phenotype. Such QTL could be valuable in maize improvement.
Telegram as a Means of Political Communication and its use by Russia’s Ruling Elite
Authors: Salikov Alexey
Published: November 2019

This article examines the use of Telegram as a means of political communication by the ruling political elite in Russia (both external, i.e., communication with the society and other political forces, and internal, i.e., between different, often rival, groups within the elite itself). While Telegram is illegal at the official level, and attempts have been made to block it in Russia since April 2018, unofficially the Russian authorities continue to actively use Telegram channels for political communication and influencing public opinion as well as for monitoring the mood of the public. What is the reason for this ambivalent attitude toward Telegram? What makes it so attractive for the Russian establishment? How are the authorities using Telegram for their own purposes? Answering these questions is the main goal of this study.
Holographic Wilson Loops in the Confining Backgrounds at Zero Temperature
Authors: Golubtsova Anastasia A. , Vu Nguyen Hoang
Published: November 2019

We study Wilson loops in the exact renormalization group ow at zero tempera- ture via the 5d holographic model that reproduces the behavior of the QCD running coupling. Calculating the time-like rectangular Wilson loop we show that the model includes a conning phase at T = 0 in the IR region.
Mott Transition in the Mass Imbalanced Ionic Hubbard Model at Half Filling
Authors: Yen Nguyen Thi Hai , Anh Le Duc , Tuan Hoang Anh , Thang Nguyen Toan , Huong Nguyen Thi
Published: November 2019

The Mott - Hubbard metal - insulator transition in the half-filled mass imbalanced ionic Hubbard model is investigated using the two-site dynamical mean field theory. We find that for a fixed mass imbalanced parameter r the critical interaction Uc increases when the ionic energy \(\Delta\) is increased. In the other hand, for a fixed \(\Delta\), \(U_c\) decreases with increasing the mass imbalance. We also show the existence of BI phase in the system for the case \(\Delta \ne 0\), \(U=0\) and calculate the staggered charge density \(n_B − n_A\) as a function of the interaction for different values of the mass imbalance. Our results in the limiting cases (\(r = 1\); \(\Delta \ne 0\) or/and \(\Delta = 0\); \(r\ne 1\)) are in good agreement with those obtained from full dynamical mean field theory.
Constraints from Spectrum of Scalar Fields in the 3-3-1 Model with CKM Mechanism
Authors: Hoang Ngoc Long , Nguyen Van Hop , Nguyen T. Nhuan , Hoang Hanh Phuong
Published: November 2019

The vacuum stability conditions are implemented for the 3-3-1 model of observed fermion masses and mixings. We show that for the Higgs squared mass matrices, the condi- tions for semi-definition of the diagonal elements are most important since other constraints are followed from the first ones.
Exotic States Emerged By Spin-Orbit Coupling, Lattice Modulation and Magnetic Field in Lieb Nano-ribbons
Authors: Bo Nguyen Duong , Son Nguyen Hong , Tien Tran Minh
Published: November 2019

The Lieb nano-ribons with the spin-orbit coupling, the lattice modulation and the magnetic field are exactly studied. They are constructed from the Lieb lattice with two open boundaries in a direction. The interplay between the spin-orbit coupling, the lattice modulation and the magnetic field emerges various exotic ground states. With certain conditions of the spin-orbit coupling, the lattice modulation, the magnetic field and filling the ground state becomes half metallic or half topological. In the half metallic ground state, one spin component is metallic, while the other spin component is insulating. In the half topological ground state, one spin component is topological, while the other spin component is topological trivial. The model exhibits very rich phase diagram.
TEM Study of ODS Alloy Doped with Helium Ions and Re-irradiated with Swift Xe Ions
Authors: Tiep N V , Khiem L. H. , Sohatsky A. S. , Skuratov V. A. , Van Vuuren A. J. , O'Connell J. H. , Zdorovets M.
Published: November 2019

Oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) alloys are considered as candidates for fuel assembly claddings, since nano-oxides, among other things, contribute to the gas swelling suppression. However, it is still unknown that how oxides will behave in this capacity under the exposure to fission fragments. Transmission electron microscopy has been applied to study helium porosity in a ferritic EP450ODS alloy doped with helium by the ion implantation and re-irradiated with high energy Xe ions, which is used for simulating fission fragments at room temperature followed by annealing. It has been shown that helium bubbles mainly decorate the structural defects and grain boundaries both in helium doped only and in re-irradiated with Xe samples. Furthermore, we have found that there was not significant changes in the size distributions of helium bubbles in ferritic matrix due to the re-irradiation with Xe. The only effect of irradiation with swift Xe ions on the alloy structure is the amorphization of dispersed oxides in it. But, as a result of amorphization of dispersed oxides, helium bubbles were detected at the oxide-matrix (O-M) interfaces as well as inside amorphous oxides, while they have not been observed inside crystalline nano-oxides and seldom connecting to the O-M interface in the He-doped only samples. That means the nano-oxides amorphized by fission fragments can promote the better helium bubbles pinning in actual operation of the fuel assembly cladding in a nuclear reactor.
Parameter Assessment of Beam Transport Line for Nuclear Physics Research
Authors: Trung N. V. M. , Smirnov V. L. , Khiem Le Hong
Published: November 2019

The IBA CP30 cyclotron was installed at the 108 Central Hospital in Hanoi, Vietnam. A proton beam with energy range from 15 to 30 MeV can be delivered by this facility. Currently, facility is mainly used for medical radioactive isotope production. There is an idea to use this accelerator for scientific research as well. For this purpose, a new beam line should be designed. A high energy resolution with minimum momentum spread is a key point for designing. A preliminary design of the beam line using matrix codes, modeling 3D optical elements, magnetic field calculations, and beam dynamics analysis is presented in this paper.
Study of Elemental Depth Distribution in the Multilayer Material \(\text{TiO}_2\)/\(\text{SiO}_2\)/Si by Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS)
Authors: Phuc T. V. , Kulik M. , Kobzev A. P. , Khiem L. H.
Published: November 2019

In this study we investigated depth distributions of elements in the multilayer structures of TiO\(_2\)/SiO\(_2\)/Si before and after ion irradiation. The samples were implanted with Ne\(^+\), Ar\(^+\), Kr\(^+\) and Xe\(^+\) ions. For each implantation the multilayer structures were irradiated by the ions with the energy 100, 150, 200 and 250 keV. The elemental concentrations in the samples were analyzed by the Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) method. It was found that the transition layers existed between the TiO\(_2\) and SiO\(_2\) layers. Formation of these layers derived from the ion beam mixing that was occurred at TiO\(_2\)/SiO\(_2\) interface after irradiation process. The depth profiles show that thickness of the transition layers increased with the growing energy and atomic mass of the implanted ions.
The Study of Air Pollution of Metal Elements in Hanoi, Hung Yen and Dong Nai Using Barbula Indica Moss
Authors: Khiem L. H. , Quan V. D. , Trinh T. T. M. , Frontasieva M. F. , Tien D. P. T. , Nam L. D. , Mai N. N. , Quyet N. H. , Hong K. T. , Son N. A. , Thanh T. T. , Trung T. D. , Thang D. V.
Published: November 2019

Air pollution in Vietnam, especially the pollution caused by metal elements are more severe due to the rapid growth of industrialization. The study of air pollution caused by metals elements is a hard and expensive work. Develoment of the simple and cheap methods for studying metal pollution in the air is being carried out in many countries of the world. In this paper, we used Barbula Indica moss for studying heavy metal pollution in the air in Hanoi, Hung Yen and Dong Nai provinces and the obatined results will be presented.
Microcanonical Statistical Model for Fragmentation of Small Neutral Carbon Clusters
Authors: Nga Do Thi
Published: November 2019

We present the microcanonical statistical model to study fragmentation of small neutral carbon clusters Cn (n ≤ 9). This model describes, at a given energy, the phase space associated with all the degrees of freedom accessible to the system (partition of the mass, translation and ro- tation, spin and angular momentum of the fragments). The basic ingredients of the model (cluster geometries, dissociation energies, harmonic frequencies) are obtained, for both the parent cluster and the fragments, by an ab initio calculation. The fragmentation channels probabilities obtained as a function of the excitation energy, were compared with the experimental data at the Orsay Tandem. The deposited energy distributions were adjusted so that the experimental measure- ments were optimally reproduced. Two algorithms were used: Non-Negative Least Squares and Bayesien backtracing. The comparison of the theoretical and experimental probabilities shows a good global agreement. Both algorithms result in deposited energy distributions showing peaks. These peaks could be the signatures of specific molecular states which may play a role in the clus- ter fragmentation.
Amplification of Ultrashort Titan-sapphire Laser Pulses Using Chirped-pulse Amplification Technique
Authors: Thong Pham Huy , Tu Nguyen Xuan , Diep Nguyen Van , Duong Pham Van , Minh Pham Hong , Bich Vu Thi , Buganov O. A. , Tikhomirov S. A. , Cadatal-Raduban Marilou
Published: November 2019

We report on a Chirped Pulse Amplification (CPA)-based Titanium:Sapphire (Ti:Al2O3 or Ti:Sapphire) amplifier that uses a single grating stretcher and compressor configuration. The 8-pass amplifier configuration is able to yield 70 μJ pulse energy at 10 Hz repetition rate, which corresponds to a gain of 7000 times. The amplified pulses are expected to be transform-limited with pulse duration of 85 fs. This amplifier will expand the application of our Ti:Sapphire laser at the Vietnam Academy of Sciences (VAST).
Statistical Analsysis to Evaluate Heavy Metal Pollution in the Air Obatained by Moss Technique in Hanoi and its Surrounding Region
Authors: Quyet N. H. , Khiem Le Hong , Quan V. D. , My T. T. T. , Frontasieva M. V. , My N. T. B. , Nam L. D. , Mai N. N. , Hong K. T. , Tien D. P. T. , Thang D. V. , Trung T. D. , Son N. A. , Thanh T. T.
Published: November 2019

The aim of this paper was the application of statistical analysis including principal component analysis to evaluate heavy metal pollution obtained by moss technique in the air of Ha Noi and its surrounding areas and to evaluate potential pollution sources. The concentrations of 33 heavy metal elements in 27 samples of Barbula Indica moss in the investigated region collected in December of 2016 in the investigated area have been examined using multivariate statistical analysis. Five factors explaining 80% of the total variance were identified and their potential sources have been discussed.
Hydrodynamic Simulations of Circumstellar Envelopes under the Gravitational Influence of a Wide Binary Companion: Comparison Between Circular and Elliptical Orbits
Authors: Hung Tran Ngoc , Dinh Trung Van , Bao Nguyen Thi Thanh , Hai Bui Van , Bang Pham Dong
Published: November 2019

Shapes of circumstellar envelopes around mass losing stars contain information of the very inner region of the envelope where mass loss process takes place. It’s well known that the presence of a binary companion leads to strong influence on the structure of the envelope through orbital motion of the mass losing star and the gravitational interaction of the companion with the stellar wind. To investigate this effect and structures of envelopes, we have performed high resolution hydrodynamic simulations of a wide binary system in a number of orbital configurations. Our simulations clearly show the importance of the equation of state of the gas because in isothermal case the width of the spiral arm is significantly broadened with respect to the ideal gas case, therefore resulting in unrealistic spiral patterns. As the orbital geometry changes from circular to elliptical, our simulation results show that the spiral becomes bifurcated and increasingly asymmetric as indicated in previously published results. In the polar direction, the prominent alternating arcs associated with circular orbital configuration morph into almost continuous circular rings. The physical condition of the gas in the envelope is shown to vary strongly between the spiral arm and inter-arm regions. Our hydrodynamic simulations will be useful to interpret high angular resolution observations of circumstellar envelopes.
O Rio Tietê e as cidades de Barra Bonita e Igaraçu do Tietê
Authors: Rosa Gabriela , Constantino Norma Regina Truppel
Published: November 2019

Esse artigo tem como objetivo compreender o significado atual do Rio Tietê nas cidades de Barra Bonita e Igaraçu do Tietê na bacia Tietê/Jacaré, do Médio Inferior Tietê. Para isso, primeiramente, foi realizado o levantamento histórico das cidades, em seguida, foram realizadas visitas de campo nessas áreas para registrar as margens do Rio Tietê e seu entorno e por último foram aplicados 270 questionários com a população. A partir da pesquisa realizada foi possível obter um panorama amplo sobre Barra Bonita e Igaraçu do Tietê, analisando a relação com o rio. O Rio Tietê foi fundamental na formação das cidades, já que o Rio foi o modelador essencial para a formação da Hidrovia Tietê-Paraná e a Hidrelétrica de Barra Bonita. Do ponto de vista estético, o Rio tem fundamental importância, pois é um atrativo turístico para navegação e contemplação. Percebeu-se que ainda que população mantém uma relação muito forte com o rio e o valoriza como essencial na cidade.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: rios urbanos, paisagem fluvial, Oeste paulista
A Cidade de São Paulo do final do século XIX: João Teodoro Xavier de Matos e os primórdios do percurso de delineamento de um pensamento urbanístico moderno em São Paulo (1872 – 1875).
Authors: Costa Luiz Augusto Maia , Barden Daniela Nazário
Published: November 2019

Este artigo busca argumentar que durante a administração de João Teodoro Xavier de Matos a frente da então Província de São Paulo (1872 – 1875) é um marco de uma prática político-administrativa relacionada com o desenvolvimento do pensamento urbanístico moderno paulista, cujo seu amadurecimento acontecerá nas primeiras décadas do século XX. Defende que, havia tanto a presença do ideário Europeu como norte-americana no debate teórico, bem como a produção da cidade como mercadoria, contribuiu com a dinâmica moderna de construir e operar sobre a cidade. Em ambos os casos, a então forma da capital paulista foi o resultado de um esforço de planejamento, por um lado, e por outro, do urbanismo como uma disciplina apoiada em um conjunto de conhecimentos que circulavam intensamente, gerando um fluxo - refluxo de ideias, experiências e ações que, ao aportarem em cada lugar, adquiriam especificidades. Neste contexto, a forma da cidade de São Paulo foi forjada ao longo de um processo de transferências, adaptações, transformações e inovações do ideário urbano internacional. Ao se configurar, revelou a modernidade que nos caracteriza: um tanto incompleta e um tanto que disforme, mas a possível dada às condições de contorno postas pela e para a sociedade brasileira do período.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Pensamento urbanístico, São Paulo, João Theodoro Xavier de Matos
Sistema de espaços livres e águas pluviais: propostas para a redução de riscos associados às cheias em Arraial do Cabo, RJ
Authors: Durso Pauliane , Tardin Raquel , Miguez Marcelo Gomes , Veról Aline Pires
Published: November 2019

De acordo com o Grupo do Banco Mundial, as inundações se referem ao fenômeno de maior ocorrência entre os desastres “naturais” e tornam-se cada vez mais frequentes, perigosas e dispendiosas (JHA et al., 2012). Dado que aponta para a urgência de se abordar o ciclo hidrológico e a drenagem urbana sob perspectivas contemporâneas de manejo integrado, sobretudo nos países do sul global (FLETCHER et al., 2014). Tendo isso em vista, objetiva-se com este estudo a compreensão das dinâmicas das águas pluviais e do potencial dos espaços livres públicos como importantes espaços para a realização dos processos inerentes às dinâmicas hidrológicas, cujo desenho adequado pode colaborar na minimização dos riscos associados às cheias. Para tanto, adota-se como estudo de caso o município brasileiro de Arraial do Cabo, localizado no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Metodologicamente, este estudo tem bases no reconhecimento e análise dos espaços livres públicos de Arraial do Cabo; levantamento e análise da ocorrência de cheias através da modelagem matemática realizada por meio do Modelo de Células de Escoamento (MODCEL); identificação de princípios de atuação no espaço urbano que viabilizem as dinâmicas das águas pluviais; proposição de possíveis aplicações práticas no contexto em análise. Operacionalmente, são realizadas: revisão bibliográfica, pesquisa documental, pesquisa de campo e elaboração de cartografia detalhada. Como resultado, intenta-se que este estudo contribua para práticas que enfatizem o potencial dos espaços livres públicos de viabilizar as dinâmicas das águas pluviais no contexto urbano de modo a reduzir os riscos associados às cheias.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Sistemas de espaços livres. Dinâmicas das águas pluviais. Arraial do Cabo.
Mapeando Intensidades Urbanas Com Uso de Ferramentas Digitais
Authors: Almeida Caio Augusto Rabite de , Souza Renato César Ferreira de
Published: November 2019

Este artigo tem como objetivo o estudo de vetores de transformação local em determinado espaço e de que forma pode ser usado e mensurado para obtenção de métricas que forneçam indicativos para análise e proposição. O método utilizado para este trabalho foi a análise de conexões e a classificação das métricas de análise espacial da concentração de atividades de um determinado local, usando uma métrica disponível através do uso de um software de modelagem digital, que permitisse a inserção de dados e operação de parâmetros em ambientes digitais para mensuração das relações de intensidades urbanas inseridas em determinada área. Com a conexão entre as técnicas disponibilizadas por este instrumento de mapeamento e análise, buscou-se implementar dentro deste sistema digital os dados coletados e comparados de dois locais como estudos de caso de uma cidade brasileira. A pesquisa permitiu não somente uma maior compreensão da complexidade e essência local dos ambientes urbanos com o reconhecimento da multidimensionalidade de suas provocações, mas também permitem identificar conexões e visualizar a dinâmica socioeconômica do(s) lugar(es). Uma discussão sobre a aplicação dessas métricas para o design urbano é a contribuição desse trabalho.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Urbanismo, Mapeamento, Intensidades Locais.
Irony, humour and culture in George Mikes’ How to Be a Brit: relevance-theoretical perspectives
Authors: Ruiz-Moneva María Angeles
Published: November 2019

This paper aims to analyse the role played by humour and irony in the interpretation of George Mikes’ How to Be a Brit. It will be contended that these resources are important for the reader to understand and enjoy the meaning intended to be communicated by the author. Mikes must have sought to show the inconsistencies and incongruities of the British society and culture, under the perspective of an ‘alien’, of an outsider. Therefore, irony and humour become stylistic resources that guide the reader’s interpretation of the text. The framework applied will be relevance theory, a pragmatic approach which highlights the inferential processes involved in the understanding of a message. However, its views on culture have often been neglected or misunderstood.

This paper will therefore seek to trace whether relevance theory as a whole, and concretely, its proposals concerning humour, irony and culture can help the reader to cope with the meaning of the work under analysis. It will be contended that a proper balance between the reader’s inferential derivation of the meaning conveyed by the speaker and his freedom to reach his own conclusions (which are in any case constrained by the text) helps to a better understanding and interpretation of the text.
Lucian Blaga – the translation theorist
Authors: Ciobâcă Carmen-Ecaterina
Published: November 2019

Our research focuses on the metatexts signed by Lucian Blaga as a translator. We prove that, due to the preference of Blaga for ethnocentric translation and his philosophy on poetic translation seen as interpretation, he is a translation theorist. The premise on which we base our research is represented by the remark belonging to Sean Cotter, according to which, in the case of Blaga, translation is a manner of challenging the linguistic policy imposed in Romania during the 1950s by the new regime. In this regard, we analyse the dichotomy margins vs centre in translation and the importance of the translation process in Romania during that decade. The pattern suggested by Lawrence Venuti in nowadays Translation Studies is reversed in the case of the translation subjected to our study: the translator abandons its “invisibility”, while ethnocentric translation becomes, in itself, a technique of resistance. The analysis of certain metatexts signed by Blaga proves that he had a modern philosophy on translation, which allows us to consider him a translation scholar avant la lettre. Thus, a careful analysis of metatexts signed by translators of that period would contribute to a greater visibility of trends existing in Romanian Translation Studies.
Lucian Blaga – traductologul
Authors: Ciobâcă Carmen-Ecaterina
Published: November 2019

Cercetarea noastră are drept obiect de studiu metatextele semnate de Lucian Blaga în calitate de traducător, propunîndu-și să demonstreze că, prin preferința sa pentru traducerea etnocentrică și prin concepția sa despre traducerea poetică ca interpretare, Blaga se remarcă drept un ideolog al traducerii. Premisa de la care pornește cercetarea noastră este observația formulată de Sean Cotter, conform căreia la Blaga traducerea devine contestare a politicii lingvistice impuse în România anilor 50 de noul regim. În acest sens, analizăm dihotomia periferie vs centru în traducere și importanța procesului de traducere în România acelor ani. Modelul propus de Lawrence Venuti în traductologia actuală este inversat în cazul traducerii vizate de studiul nostru: nu doar că traducătorul își abandonează haina „invizibilității”, dar traducerea etnocentrică devine, în sine, practică a contestării. Analiza metatextelor semnate de Blaga demonstrează modernitatea concepției sale asupra traducerii și faptul că acesta poate fi considerat un traductolog avant la lettre. O mai atentă analiză a metatextelor ar contribui la o mai mare vizibilitate a tendințelor existente în traductologia românească.
Proverb și stil în publicistica lui Eminescu
Authors: Milică Ioan
Published: November 2019

Articolul interoghează teza că Mihai Eminescu (1850–1889), cel mai important scriitor român din secolul al XIX-lea, a valorificat în scrierile sale jurnalistice eșantioane paremiologice culese din vorbirea oamenilor de rînd. În privința sutelor de proverbe prezente în articolele de presă redactate de Eminescu, îmi propun să arăt că scriitorul a naturalizat în mozaicul textelor gazetărești decupaje livrești cărora le-a conferit aparența stilistică a unor elemente populare. Fără a nega că unele dintre proverbele la care poetul recurge pe teren jurnalistic provin din limba comună, în studiul de față mă preocupă mizanscena orchestrată de scriitor pentru a conferi aură folclorică unor decupaje culte. Nu în ultimul rînd, cercetarea atrage atenția asupra disponibilității lui Eminescu de a experimenta formule de scriere jurnalistică dintre cele mai variate, rafinate în acord cu ideile, temperamentul și imaginația artistului.
THE CATALOG OF THE MINERALOGICAL COLLECTION OF THE EMPEROR LEOPOLD II (1747–1792): COLLECTING AND LEARNING IN EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY EUROPE
Authors: FRANZA ANNARITA , FABOZZI ROSANNA , VEZZOSI LETIZIA , FANTONI LUCIANA , PRATESI GIOVANNI
Published: November 2019

The Collectio Mineralium (1765) currently preserved at the Historical Archive of the Natural History Museum of the University of Firenze, is the unpublished catalog of the mineralogical collection that belonged to Emperor Leopold II (1747–1792). The catalog is a 110-page register, with the golden emblem of the House of Habsburg at the center of the binding, containing information about 242 mineralogical samples. Each specimen is carefully described (i.e., habit, metal content, product value) and its locality given. The interpretation of the text has also returned information on most of the mining deposits in the Austro-Hungarian territories in the eighteenth century. Therefore, the interpretation of this catalog—that on the basis of the literature appears to be the first catalog of a collection belonged to a Habsburg emperor—represents an important step toward enhancing our understanding of Habsburg natural history collections and reflected the transition from wonder-rooms to commodity collecting. Leopold's private collection was no longer an ‘instrument of wonder’ but it became representative of scientific collecting characterized by the establishment of systematic mineralogy, and by a careful economic evaluation of the mineralogical samples collected as a symbol of the power of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
TRUE GLOBAL WARMING INFERRED FROM ALPINE RECESSIONAL MORAINES BY SCOTTISH PHYSICIST JOHN LESLIE IN 1796
Authors: HOFFMAN PAUL F.
Published: November 2019

In 1796, Scottish physicist John Leslie visited the Swiss Alps seeking evidence in support of his theory that the entire Earth is slowly warming through the accumulation of absorbed solar radiation. He observed that parallel ridges of loose angular stones (moraines) become increasingly vegetated with distance from the margins of active glaciers, and he inferred the secular retreat of glacier margins by at least 3000 vertical feet. Leslie anticipated by four decades the discovery of a former Ice Age by geologists and, while his theory of climate change was faulty in being unaware of Earth's outgoing non-luminous (infra-red) radiation, his inference regarding glacial recession was robust. If not due to topographic lowering of the Alps, it was inexplicable to nineteenth century climate physics in the absence of an unexplained change in radiative forcing.
“GIANT BIRDS OF OLD”: AN 1837 POEM BY JAMES DWIGHT DANA (?) ON THE SUPPOSED MAKERS OF THE CONNECTICUT VALLEY'S FOSSIL TRACKWAYS
Authors: MARCHÉ JORDAN D.
Published: November 2019

An 1842 letter from Benjamin Silliman, Jr., to Edward Hitchcock contains the only known text of a poem that was reportedly composed five years earlier by an anonymous ‘tutor’ at Yale College. The poem's light-hearted verses depicted how the recently-described three-toed fossil footprints (now known to have been produced by theropod dinosaurs) were supposedly made by “giant birds of old”, as Hitchcock's recent investigation had concluded. The poem's lines offered a verbal ‘reconstruction’ of that ancient scene, along with suggesting the existence of two marsupial animals which may have borne witness to the passage of the trackmakers; one of which was plausible while the other was not. These ‘witnesses’ provide evidence that the poem's author was well informed upon contemporary geology and paleontology in a manner far beyond that of the common person.

This article first reviews Hitchcock's inferences derived from the fossil evidence that the footprints had been made by multiple species of extinct birds, one of which attained enormous size, and the subsequent controversies regarding those claims that arose in America and Europe. Description by comparative anatomist Richard Owen of fossil bones of the much younger Moa or Dinornis from Recent strata in New Zealand seemingly vindicated Hitchcock's arguments and brought those disputes to a close. While the true identity of the poet remains inconclusive, internal evidence from the poem itself points to it having been composed by Yale graduate James Dwight Dana. His placement as an ‘assistant’ within the chemistry laboratory under Benjamin Silliman, Sr., at that time appears to support Silliman, Jr.'s assertion regarding the poet's identity. Probable reasons for the apparent suppression of the poem's existence and its authorship are likewise explored. The former was finally eased after Dana's return from the U.S. Exploring Expedition in 1842, but the latter was not.
A VISIT TO LOUIS-ALBERT NECKER ON THE ISLE OF SKYE, 1852.
Authors: HOLLIER ANITA , HOLLIER JOHN
Published: November 2019

After a promising start to his career in the earth sciences, Louis-Albert Necker (grandson of Horace-Bénédict de Saussure) abandoned his hometown of Geneva, Switzerland, and spent the last twenty years of his life on the Isle of Skye, in the Scottish Hebrides. He published nothing further, and his family and friends struggled to understand the choice of so different a lifestyle. The state of his health caused him to drop out of contact for several years, and few contemporary accounts of his life on Skye remain, so little is known about how he lived during this period. The description of a visit by two of his oldest friends in 1852, translated here with explanatory background information, offers a rare glimpse into his new life.
THE ORIGIN OF PREHISTORIC ARCHAEOLOGY
Authors: VAI GIAN BATTISTA
Published: November 2019

Prehistoric archaeology had its first pioneers in France led by Boucher de Perthes (the Abbeville school), who excavated fossil bones and stone tools beginning in the late 1820s to early 1830. At about the same time a second group in Denmark led by Worsaae (the Copenhagen school) studied an archaeological interval prior to their historical record, based on museum collections. Though lacking stratigraphical excavation they provided a chrono-typologic basic division into the stone, bronze, and iron ages across the past 3000 years. A third group led by the Italian Scarabelli (the Imola school) introduced the name ancient (prehistoric) archaeology with a field stratigraphic, geologic, petrologic and mapping approach. The discipline of prehistoric archaeology originated almost simultaneously as a multi-vocal result of activity led by these three independent groups.
A THREE-STEP VIEW FOR THE HISTORY OF GEOLOGY
Authors: IANNACE ALESSANDRO
Published: November 2019

The evolution of geology as an independent science can be envisaged as a relatively continuous process yet marked by three fundamental steps. These represented singularities which established significant advances in the epistemological and heuristic power of the discipline. This interpretation of history has to be strictly based on an evaluation of the epistemological basis of geology according to modern scholarship. The recognition of these ‘golden spikes’, albeit artificial, may help geologists to better grasp the philosophical position of geology with respect to other sciences. The first step was the publication of Steno's Prodromus in 1669, which established the methodological rules for decoding a geologic history from the geometrical arrangements of beds. The second step was the founding of the Geological Society of London in 1807, an act by which a new community recognized itself as a scientific and professional entity applying a novel methodology in the study of Earth. Their approach represented a synthesis of the Wernerian-historical and the Huttonian-causal methods. The third step was the emergence of plate tectonics in 1967, when the actualistic method (i.e. uniformity of laws and processes) could be extended to the interpretation of the whole lithosphere. At the same time, the heuristic power of historical geology was validated by independent, physico-mathematical testing.
TO EXPLORE THE UNEXPLORED—A GEOLOGIST'S PATH A MEMOIR OF JOVAN STÖCKLIN (1921–2008)
Authors: GHAVI JAMAL
Published: November 2019

This article provides a brief survey of the life and career of Swiss geologist Jovan Stöcklin (1921–2008) with highlights of some of his important findings and extensive references to his published works. Additionally, it includes exclusive information and photographs provided by the late geologist's family. Dr. Stöcklin belonged to a generation of geologists who believed in field geology and followed their conviction that any theories or models needed to be—above all—based on direct observation of nature. Even early in his career, he hungered to conduct large-scale reconnaissance work in areas that were geologically unknown. That is why his expeditions took him to the most remote parts of Iran, where at that time camels were the only means of transportation. He also trekked through the rugged central mountains of Nepal, accompanied by Nepalese geologists and a column of porters. Fieldwork by Dr. Stöcklin and his teams provides modern geologists with much of what we know today about an area thousands of square kilometers in size extending from Iran (Persia) all the way to the central Himalayas. In addition to his native German tongue, Dr. Stöcklin was fluent in French, English, Russian, and Persian. This allowed him to converse with geologists from many different nations, read and correlate their published research, and exposed him to many ideas he might not otherwise have known about. He published his research in many languages as well. Dr. Stöcklin also acquired a comprehensive knowledge of the geology of the Middle East and Central Asia from his extensive travelling. Today's geologists owe many thanks to Dr. Stöcklin. As the reader of this article will come to discover, we have much we can learn from him.
Ultrasculptures of seeds of representatives of a genus Isodon (Schrad ex Benth.) Spach (Lamiaceae lindl.)
Authors: Kovtun-Vodyanitska S.
Published: November 2019

The studied was ultrasculpture of seed surface of 2 representatives of the genus Isodon (Schrad. ex Benth.) Spach from the family LamiaceaeLindl.– I. japonicus (Burman) H. Hara and I. japonicus (N. Z. Burm) Hara var. glaucocalyx (Maxim.) H. W. Li, introduced in the M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Right-bank Forest-steppe). Representatives of the genus are common in the Asian region with the greatest species diversity in China; 2 species are found in the tropical regions of Africa. Screening of literary foreign sources showed that microscopic studies of the seeds of the species and variate did not occur, at least we did not find any information on this issue. This prompted us to investigate the macro- and micromorphology of the seeds. SEM was used in the work. Methodically guided by the well-known work of W. Barthlott. The descriptive part is documented photographically. As a result of the experiment, features in morphology and structure, common and distinctive features of seeds, morphological descriptions of their shape, color, primary and secondary sculpture of spermoderm are revealed. It has been established different types of external relief for species and the variete: for I. japonicus, a characteristic densely hilly relief, and for I. japonicus var. glaucocalyx– irregularly-mesh.Also revealed differences in the structure of the outer periclinal and anticlinal walls. The outer periclinal walls of the species are convex, anticlinal concave, and in the variate– concave and protruding respectively. The spermoderm of the seeds I. japonicus var. glaucocalyx is characterize by the presence of various types of papillomas in the apical region and stomatal cells, the significance and function of which still need to be further investigated. Differences in the microrelief of the seeds can be used as auxiliary diagnostic features at the species taxonomic level for plants of the genus Isodon, obtained under conditions of introduction from the seeds of the Index Seminum system.
Changes of parameters of carbonyl-oxidative stress in rats with experimental myocardial ischemia under the influence of doxycycline
Authors: Tkachenko V. , Shevtsova A.
Published: November 2019

Heart diseases, especially acute myocardial infarction (AMI), belong to the most severe illnesses that often lead to death. Despite a large number of studies, the biochemical mechanisms of AMI and post-infarction myocardial remodeling are poorly understood. Carbonyl-oxidative stress (COS) is one of the more important triggers of the post-infarction complications in these patients, so the neutralizing of the intermediates and final products of COS are a perspective direction in the treatment of AMI. Flavonoide antioxidants as well as inhibitors of carbonylation and glycation of proteins shown the cardioprotective effects but their use have some limitations. Recently, new studies have appeared concerning the cardioprotective action of the doxycycline (DC). This tetracycline antibiotic can inhibit matrix metalloproteinases and proteolysis in extracellular matrix. At the same time, the presence of a multiple-substituted phenol ring can provide the ability of DC to neutralize free radicals, so we hypothesized that it can inhibit the COS. This article compares the effects of small (4,2 mg/kg) and of large (16.8 mg/kg) doses of DC with the effects of classical antioxidants, corvitin and aminoguanidine. The COS-markers and activity of antioxidant enzymes were determined in the blood and subcellular heart fractions of the rats with pituitrin-isoproterenol-induced myocardial damage. It has been established that DC exhibits cardioprotective properties, reducing the formation of products of carbonyl and oxidative modification of biomolecules TBA-active substances, fluorescent end products of glycation (fAGE), aldehyde phenylhydrazones (AFH) and ketone phenylhydrazones (CPH), and a more pronounced effect was shown for the low doses of this drug. Simultaneously, the DC activates enzymes of antioxidant protection, first of all, glutathione peroxidase. Effects of small doses of DC are comparable or exceed the action of aminoguanidine and corvitin, so DC can be useful in the treatment of postinfarction heart failure.