bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fen, Matematik ve Sosyal Bölümlerde Okuyan Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Yürütücü Biliş Becerilerinin Akademik Mükemmeliyetçiliklerinin ve Akademik Erteleme Davranışlarının Çeşitli Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi
Authors: GÜRGAN Uğur , GÜNDOĞDU İmran
Published: June 2019

Bu çalışmanın amacı; farklı
bölümlerde okuyan üniversite öğrencilerinin yürütücü biliş becerilerinin,
akademik mükemmeliyetçiliklerinin ve akademik erteleme davranışlarının;
cinsiyet, algılanan başarı durumu, lise diploma notu, ÖSYM puanı ve genel not
ortalaması değişkenlerine göre incelenmesidir. Nicel araştırma yönteminin
benimsendiği bu çalışmada ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya
2018 yılında Balıkesir Üniversitesinde öğrenim gören üniversite öğrencilerinden
210 kadın (%52,5) ve 195 erkek (%47,5) olmak üzere 405 öğrenci katılmıştır. Bu
çalışmada öğrencilerin yürütücü biliş becerilerini ölçmek için Yürütücü Biliş
Becerileri Ölçeği (YBBÖ), akademik mükemmeliyetçiliklerini ölçmek için Akademik
Mükemmeliyetçilik Ölçeği (AMÖ) ve akademik erteleme davranışlarını ölçmek için
ise Akademik Erteleme Ölçeği (AEÖ) kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın verilerinin
analizinde Pearson Momentler Çarpımı Korelasyonu, t testi ve tek yönlü varyans
analizi (ANOVA) kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda; akademik erteleme
davranışında erkek öğrenciler lehine bir farklılık olduğu ve yürütücü biliş
becerilerinde ise kız öğrencilerin lehine anlamlı bir farklılık olduğu
bulunmuştur. Ayrıca algılanan başarı düzeyi düşük olan öğrencilerin akademik
erteleme davranışlarının yüksek olduğu, algılanan başarı düzeyi yüksek olan
öğrencilerin ise yürütücü biliş becerilerinin yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur.
Araştırmada transkript ve lise diploma notu düşük olan öğrencilerin akademik
erteleme davranışlarının daha fazla olduğu belirlenmiştir. Yürütücü biliş
becerileri yüksek olan öğrencilerin transkript notlarının da yüksek olduğu ve
ÖSYM puanı düşük olan öğrencilerin daha mükemmeliyetçi olduğu görülmüştür. Buna
ek olarak bu araştırmada akademik erteleme davranışı ile yürütücü biliş
becerileri arasında negatif yönlü bir korelasyon (r=-.39) olduğu bulunmuştur.
Fen alanında okuyan öğrencilerin, Sosyal alanda okuyan öğrencilere göre daha
fazla akademik erteleme davranışı sergilediği tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca
matematik alanında okuyan öğrencilerin diğer alanlarda okuyan öğrencilere göre
daha mükemmeliyetçi oldukları bulunmuştur.
BAYESIAN VE NONBAYESIAN KESTİRİM YÖNTEMLERİNE DAYALI OLARAK SINIFLAMA İNDEKSLERİNİN TIMSS-2015 MATEMATİK TESTİ ÜZERİNDE İNCELENMESİ
Authors: ÇELİKTEN Serpil , ÇAKAN Mehtap
Published: June 2019

Bu araştırmanın amacı
modern test kuramı olan MTK çerçevesinde, Nonbayesian kestirim yöntemlerinden
MLE, WLE ve Bayesian kestirim yöntemlerinden MAP ve EAP ile elde edilen yetenek
kestirimlerine göre bireylerin sınıflandırılması sonucunda elde edilen sınıflama
doğruluğu ve sınıflama tutarlılığı indekslerini farklı örneklem koşullarında
karşılaştırmaktır. Bu doğrultuda MTK çerçevesinde her bir örneklem koşulu için
MLE, WLE, MAP ve EAP kestirim yöntemlerine dayalı olarak yetenek kestirimleri
elde edilmiştir. Sonrasında her bir koşul için, MTK’ya dayalı sınıflama
yaklaşımlarından biri olan Rudner’in yaklaşımı kullanılarak sınıflama doğruluğu
ve tutarlılığı indeksleri elde edilmiştir. Çalışmanın bulgularına göre
Nonbayesian yetenek kestirimlerine dayalı olarak elde edilen sınıflama
indekslerinin, Bayesian yöntemlerinden daha doğru ve tutarlı olduğu
gözlenmiştir. Nonbayesian yöntemler arasında ise en doğru ve tutarlı sınıflama
indekslerinin MLE ile kestirilen yeteneklere dayalı olarak elde edildiği
sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ancak yapılan ikili karşılaştırma testleri ve pratik
anlamlılık değerlerinin incelenmesi sonucunda anlamlı çıkan tüm etkilerin
pratikteki etkisinin küçük olduğu gözlenmiştir.
9. Sınıf “Doğa ve Kimya” Ünitesi İle İlgili Başarı Testi Geliştirilmesi: Geçerlilik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması
Authors: NAKİBOĞLU Canan , GÜNEŞ YAZAR Olcay
Published: June 2019

Bu çalışmanın amacı, 9. Sınıf “Doğa ve Kimya”
ünitesi için geçerli ve güvenilir bir başarı testi geliştirilmektir. Bu amaçla
ilk olarak 2018 yılı Ortaöğretim Kimya Dersi Öğretim Programı kazanımları ve
ders kitapları incelenmiş ve bu kazanımlar dikkate alınarak 53 soru hazırlanmıştır.
Oluşturulan soruların içerik kontrolü 2 öğretim üyesi tarafından yapıldıktan
sonra, kapsam geçerliğini sağlamak için 2 kimya öğretmeni tarafından test
incelenmiştir. Uzman görüşleri sonucu soru sayısı 29’a düşürülmüştür. Pilot
uygulama, 3 farklı lisede öğrenim gören toplam 181 (89 kız, 92 erkek) 10. Sınıf
öğrencisi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu uygulama sonunda Cronbach Alpha 0.889
olarak hesaplanmış ve 4 sorunun testten çıkartılmasına karar verilmiştir. Son
hale getirilen “Doğa ve Kimya Ünitesi Başarı Testi”, 10. Sınıf 421öğrenciye
uygulanmıştır. Testin Cronbach Alpha değeri tekrar hesaplanmış ve 0.886 olarak
belirlenmiştir. Faktör analiz sonucunda, testin 4 faktörden oluştuğu ve her bir
faktöre ait Cronbach Alpha değerlerinin sırayla 0.61 ile0.76 arasında olduğu belirlenmiştir.
With a Little Help from My Friends: Peer Coaching for Refugee Adolescents and the Role of Social Media
Authors: Kneer Julia , Van Eldik Anne K. , Jansz Jeroen , Eischeid Susanne , Usta Melek
Published: June 2019

This intervention study investigated how much impact a specific peer-coaching (Peer2Peer) for refugee adolescents has on different factors of well-being for both sides: refugee adolescents (peers, N = 16) and their local peer coaches (buddies, N = 16). Next to pre- and post-tests, four buddies reflected on the process via weekly media diaries. We found that higher peer-loneliness and lower self-esteem was reported for peers in the beginning but these differences disappeared. These results were confirmed by buddies’ media diaries: language and communication barriers reduced and friendships between buddies and peers grew. Buddies also reported high feelings of responsibilities in their media diaries which led to worries about their peer, but also to pride due to peers’ improvement. Online communication was used on an almost daily basis to stay in contact each other. Snapchat was found to influence emotional and affectionate support. In sum, Peer2Peer as a program showed positive effects for both sides. Future Peer2Peer programs should include trainings on social media as well, as most apps are able to be used independent of own language skills. Thus, social media can help to overcome language barriers and intensifies the feeling of being supported.
Business Support for Refugee Integration in Europe: Conceptualizing the Link with Organizational Identification
Authors: Wang Yijing , Chaudhri Vidhi
Published: June 2019

The ongoing refugee crisis presents a plethora of challenges and requires systematic contributions from public and private entities—e.g., governments, non-governmental organizations, community organizations and businesses. Relative to the other three, (explicit) business efforts toward refugee (economic) integration are yet sporadic, limited to a few large organizations. While acknowledging that integration encompasses multiple spheres and is complicated by national and local variations across EU member states, this conceptual article treats business support of refugee (economic) integration as a manifestation of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and contends that such efforts may enhance employee-organizational identification. Drawing on scholarship from CSR and organization–employee identification, we develop a conceptual model including propositions about mediating and moderating mechanisms of the relationship among refugee integration, CSR communication and employee-organizational identification. Our study offers a conceptual bridge between what is known about the importance, barriers and enablers of refugee labor market integration with the lesser-known organizational, specifically employee, perspectives on the issue. Leveraging on this conceptual framework, further research may focus on testing the relationship empirically through collecting field data from business firms which have made an explicit claim on refugee support.
Refugee Organizations’ Public Communication: Conceptualizing and Exploring New Avenues for an Underdeveloped Research Subject
Authors: Ongenaert David
Published: June 2019

The world has faced a major increase in forced displacement and the theme has also become the subject of many public, media and political debates. The public communication of refugee organizations thereby increasingly impacts their operations, the public perception on forcibly displaced people and societal and policy beliefs and actions. However, little research has been conducted on the topic. Therefore, this conceptual article aims to (1) define refugee organizations’ public communication, (2) situate it within broader research fields, and (3) motivate the latter’s relevance as research perspectives. In order to be able to achieve these research objectives, the article first discusses the social and scientific relevance of the research subject and identifies important gaps within literature which both form an essential scientific base for developing the main arguments. Adopting a historical perspective, the article demonstrates that in recent decades the social and scientific relevance of research on strategic and non-profit communication in general and on refugee organizations’ public communication in particular have increased. Nevertheless, these fields remain underdeveloped and are mostly text-focused, while the production and reception dimensions are barely explored. Remarkably, however, little or no research has been conducted from an organizational communication perspective, although this article demonstrates that the subject can be adequately embedded in and examined from the fields of strategic, non-profit and public communication. Finally, the article highlights the relevance of the holistic Communicative Constitution of Organizations perspective and argues that future research can benefit by adopting multi-perspective, practice-oriented, multi-methodological, comparative and/or interdisciplinary approaches.
Prospects of Refugee Integration in the Netherlands: Social Capital, Information Practices and Digital Media
Authors: Alencar Amanda , Tsagkroni Vasilki
Published: June 2019

Integration is a highly contested concept within the field of migration. However, a well-established view of the concept draws from underpinning migration and refugee theories, in which integration is seen as a dynamic, multidimensional, and two-way process of adaptation to a new culture and that takes place over time. Most studies have focused on the integration perspective of host societies, in particular how governments’ understandings of belonging shape legal frameworks of rights and citizenship and their impact on the process of integration itself. With a focus on refugee migration to the Netherlands, this study analyzes the newcomers’ perspectives and experiences of integration and information in the host society, as well as the role of digital media technologies and networks in mediating this relationship. Building on policies and refugee migrant interviews, the article sketches out the ongoing dynamics of social capital during refugees’ adaptation processes in the country and puts forward a perception of the role of media in the integration act.
Narratives of the Refugee Crisis: A Comparative Study of Mainstream-Media and Twitter
Authors: Nerghes Adina , Lee Ju-Sung
Published: June 2019

The European refugee crisis received heightened attention at the beginning of September 2015, when images of the drowned child, Aylan Kurdi, surfaced across mainstream and social media. While the flows of displaced persons, especially from the Middle East into Europe, had been ongoing until that date, this event and its coverage sparked a media firestorm. Mainstream-media content plays a major role in shaping discourse about events such as the refugee crisis, while social media’s participatory affordances allow for the narratives to be perpetuated, challenged, and injected with new perspectives. In this study, the perspectives and narratives of the refugee crisis from the mainstream news and Twitter—in the days following Aylan’s death—are compared and contrasted. Themes are extracted through topic modeling (LDA) and reveal how news and Twitter converge and also diverge. We show that in the initial stages of a crisis and following the tragic death of Aylan, public discussion on Twitter was highly positive. Unlike the mainstream-media, Twitter offered an alternative and multifaceted narrative, not bound by geo-politics, raising awareness and calling for solidarity and empathy towards those affected. This study demonstrates how mainstream and social media form a new and complementary media space, where narratives are created and transformed.
Сorneal endothelium after laser activation of trabecular meshwork in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma
Authors: Yashina Valeriya N. , Sokolovskaya Tatyana V. , Volodin Pavel L.
Published: June 2019

Background. Nowadays, laser surgery methods for glaucoma treatment gained wide use in clinical practice due to their efficacy, safety, and minimal risk of postoperative complications. In the scientific literature, data are presented on the effect of laser radiation on corneal endothelial cells that is why this aspect should be investigated when using new laser technologies in glaucoma treatment. One of the most modern methods of corneal examination is confocal microscopy, which allows visualizing corneal tissue at cellular level.

Purpose: to study the impact of laser radiation on the state of corneal endothelial cells in YAG-laser activation of trabecular meshwork in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma.

Materials and methods. Sixteen eyes of 15 patients were included in the analysis. The mean age of patients was 65.8 5.35 years. In all patients, YAG-laser activation of trabecular meshwork was performed. At different follow-up terms (up to 6 months after laser surgery) the level of IOP was controlled, the state of corneal endothelium was studied using confocal microscopy.

Results. According to dynamic follow-up confocal microscopy results, no statistically significant difference between average density of endothelial cells, polymegathism, and pleomorphism have been identified (p 0.05).

Conclusion. The study did not reveal any negative impact of YAG-laser activation of trabecular meshwork on the endothelium of the cornea, suggesting the safety of this technology.
An Investigation on the Determination of Diurnal and Ontogenetic Variations of Essential Oil Composition in Sideritis trojana Growing in Kazdağı (Edremit-Balıkesir)
Authors: PAŞA Cenk , SELVİ Selami , ÖZER Züleyha , KILIÇ Turgut
Published: June 2019

This study was conducted to determine
the essential oil composition and diurnal variations (9.00 am, 12.00 am and
16.00 pm) of Sideritis trojana Bornm.
which was distributed naturally at the peak of Kazdağı (Balikesir-Edremit),
west of Turkey during the growing season. The oil composition was determined
with GC-MS. The highest quantity of essential oil content (0.25-0.30 %) was
found at the full plant flowering stage and the lowest was at fresh fruiting
stage (0.07-0.10 %). Diurnal fluctuation in essential oils of whole plant was
also observed. The higher and lower essential oil levels were observed at the
afternoon (16.00 pm) and  in the morning
(08.00 pm), respectively. The
oils were consisted of mainly α-bisabolol (27.8 %), valeranone (13.4 %),
4-terpineol (10.3 %), germacrene-D (8.8 %) and spathulenol (5.8 %) at the
vegetative stage, 4-terpineol (30.3 %), caryophyllene (21.0 %) and 3-methyl
nonane (9.3 %) at the flowering stage, 4-terpineol (16.1 %), copaene (15.4 %),
caryophyllene (10.6 %), 3-methyl nonane (9.8 %) and valeranone (7.9 %) at the
fresh fruiting stage.
Liderlik Tarzları ve Görev Performansının Tarım İşletmelerinde Yenilik Stratejileri Üzerine Etkisi (Çumra İlçesi Örneği)
Authors: ÖZAYDIN Gürhan , ÇELİK Yusuf
Published: June 2019

Bu çalışmada, Konya ili
Çumra ilçesi tarım işletmelerinde, yöneticilerin liderlik tarzları ve
çalışanların görev performansının, işletmelerde yenilik stratejileri üzerindeki
etkisini belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın temel verileri, tabakalı
örnekleme yöntemine göre belirlenen 76 tarım işletmesi yöneticisi ile yapılan
anketlerle elde edilmiştir. Yapılan faktör analizi sonuçlarında liderlik
tarzları; otokratik, tam serbesti tanıyan ve dönüşümcü liderlik tarzı olarak üç
alt boyutta, görev performansı; tamamlayıcılık ve düzenleyicilik görev
performansı olarak iki alt boyutta ve yenilik stratejisi; saldırgan, taklitçi,
savunmacı, bağımlı, fırsatçı ve geleneksel yenilik stratejisi olarak altı alt
boyutta incelenmiştir. Liderlik tarzlarının KMO test değeri 0.695, görev
performansının 0.727 ve yenilik stratejilerinin 0.749 olarak bulunmuş ve faktör
analizi için uygun olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Yapılan regresyon analizleri
sonucunda da liderlik tarzları ve görev performanslarının yenilik stratejileri
üzerinde etkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Türkiye Kanatlı Eti Sektörünün Uluslararası Rekabetçiliğinin Seçilmiş Ülkelerle Karşılaştırılmalı Analizi
Authors: TERİN Mustafa , YAVUZ Fahri
Published: June 2019

Bu araştırmanın amacı,
Türkiye’nin uluslararası kanatlı eti ticaretindeki rekabet gücünü belirlemek ve
dünya kanatlı eti ihracatında öne çıkan Brezilya, ABD, Hollanda, Polonya,
Almanya, Fransa, Çin, Tayland ve Ukrayna gibi ülkelerle karşılaştırmaktır.
Araştırmanın verileri Uluslararası Ticaret Merkezi veri tabanından (2001-2017)
elde edilmiştir. Ülkelerin rekabet güçleri, İhracat Piyasa Payı Endeksi (İPPE),
Açıklanmış Karşılaştırmalı Üstünlükler Endeksi (AKÜE) ve Ticaret Dengesi
Endeksi (TDE) kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır. Araştırmada, Türkiye’nin İPPE ve
AKÜE indeks skorlarının özellikle son yıllarda giderek arttığı ve 2017 yılı
itibariyle sırası ile 2.04 ve 2.28’e yükseldiği belirlenmiştir. AKÜE 2017 yılı
skorlarına göre, Brezilya, Polonya ve Ukrayna’nın kanatlı eti ticaretinde güçlü
bir karşılaştırmalı üstünlüğe, Hollanda ve Türkiye’nin orta derece karşılaştırmalı
üstünlüğe, ABD, Fransa ve Tayland’ın zayıf karşılaştırmalı üstünlüğe sahip
olduğu, Almanya ve Çin’in ise karşılaştırmalı üstünlüğe sahip olmadığı
belirlenmiştir. Türkiye’nin var olan ve giderek artan rekabet gücünün devam
edebilmesi için üretimde en önemli maliyet unsuru olan yem hammaddesinde dışa
bağımlılığı azaltacak politikaların ve uluslararası yeni pazar alanlarının
oluşturulması oldukça önemlidir.
La gestión de los residuos de construcción y demolición en Villavicencio: estado actual, barreras e instrumentos de gestión
Authors: Suárez-Silgado Sindy Sofía , Betancourt Quiroga Carolina , Molina Benavides Juan , Mahecha Vanegas Leandro
Published: June 2019

A pesar de que en Colombia se han dado avances acerca de la gestión de los residuos provenientes de las actividades constructivas, en ciudades como Villavicencio, no existen estudios a fondo acerca de su generación y manejo. Por ello, el objetivo de este artículo, consiste en identificar el estado actual, las barreras y los instrumentos que podrían ayudar a mejorar la gestión de los residuos de construcción y demolición en esta ciudad. Para llevar a cabo el estudio, se empleó el método de observación y de análisis, y el tipo de estudio descriptivo. Con el fin de obtener la información, fue necesario realizar visitas y encuestas a empresas constructoras. Posteriormente, la información recopilada fue examinada por medio del análisis multiatributo y el software estadístico SSPS. Como resultado, se obtuvo que las tierras de excavación y el concreto son los residuos que más se generan en las actividades constructivas. Como medida para reducir los residuos y mejorar su gestión, las empresas dieron mayor importancia a la etapa de prevención. La falta de conciencia medioambiental y de control en el cumplimiento de la legislación fueron las principales barreras detectadas. Los incentivos tributarios fueron considerados como instrumentos relevantes para la gestión.
Selenium compounds in redox regulation of inflammation and apoptosis
Authors: Rusetskaya N.Y. , Fedotov I.V. , Koftina V.A. , Borodulin V.B.
Published: June 2019

Monocytes and macrophages play a key role in the development of inflammation: under the action of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), absorbed from the intestine, monocytes and macrophages form reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cytokines, this leads to the development of oxidative stress, inflammation and/or apoptosis in all types of tissues. In the cells LPS induce an “internal” TLR4-mediated MAP-kinase inflammatory signaling pathway and cytokines through the superfamily of tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) and the “death domain” (DD) initiate an “external” caspase apoptosis cascade or necrosis activation that causes necroptosis. Many of the proteins involved in intracellular signaling cascades (MYD88, ASK1, IKKa/b, NF-kB, AP-1) are redox-sensitive and their activity is regulated by antioxidants thioredoxin, glutaredoxin, nitroredoxin, and glutathione. Oxidation of these signaling proteins induced by ROS enhances the development of inflammation and apoptosis, and their reduction with antioxidants, on the contrary, stabilizes the signaling cascades speed, preventing the vicious circle of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis that follows it. Antioxidant (AO) enzymes thioredoxin reductase (TRXR), glutaredoxin reductase (GLRXR), glutathione reductase (GR) are required for reduction of non-enzymatic antioxidants (thioredoxin, glutaredoxin, nitroredoxin, glutathione), and AO enzymes (SOD, catalase, GPX) are required for ROS deactivation. The key AO enzymes (TRXR and GPX) are selenium-dependent; therefore selenium deficiency leads to a decrease in the body's antioxidant defense, the development of oxidative stress, inflammation, and/or apoptosis in various cell types. Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathway activated by selenium deficiency and/or oxidative stress is necessary to restore redox homeostasis in the cell. In addition, expression of some genes is changed with selenium deficiency. Consequently, growth and proliferation of cells, their movement, development, death, and survival, as well as the interaction between cells, the redox regulation of intracellular signaling cascades of inflammation and apoptosis, depend on the selenium status of the body. Prophylactic administration of selenium-containing preparations (natural and synthetic (organic and inorganic)) is able to normalize the activity of AO enzymes and the general status of the body. Organic selenium compounds have a high bioavailability and, depending on their concentration, can act both as selenium donors to prevent selenium deficiency and as antitumor drugs due to their toxicity and participation in the regulation of signaling pathways of apoptosis. Known selenorganic compounds diphenyldiselenide and ethaselen share similarity with the Russian organo selenium compound, diacetophenonylselenide (DAPS-25), which serves as a source of bioavailable selenium, exhibits a wide range of biological activity, including antioxidant activity, that governs cell redox balance, inflammation and apoptosis regulation.
Stability of prolin-containing peptides in biological media
Authors: Shevchenko K.V. , Nagaev I.Yu. , Andreeva L.A. , Shevchenko V.P. , Myasoedov N.F.
Published: June 2019

New data on peptide drugs have been summarized; their high stability is due to both the introduction of Pro-Gly-Pro in various amino acid sequences and the modification of the glyproline fragment itself. Pro-Gly-Pro-Leu, ACTH(6-9)Pro-Gly-Pro, 5-oxo-Pro-Arg-Pro and 5-oxo-Pro-His-Pro-NH2 were used as proline-containing peptides. Tritiated peptides were obtained: Pro-Gly-Pro-Leu with specific radioactivity of 135 Ci/mmol, ACTH(6-9)Pro-Gly-Pro – 26 Ci/mmol, 5-oxo-Pro-Arg-Pro – 60 Ci/mmol and 5-oxo-Pro-His-Pro-NH2 – 75 Ci/mmol. The concentration of Pro-Gly-Pro-Leu, ACTH(6-9)Pro-Gly-Pro, 5-oxo-Pro-Arg-Pro and 5-oxo-Pro-His-Pro-NH2 in the blood was found to be about 200 times more than in the brain for intranasal administration, and in average 600 times more for intravenous administration. The stability of proline-containing peptides in vitro experiments was determined using different commercially available peptidases (leucine aminopeptidases, dipeptidases, carboxypeptidases B and Y), and using nasal mucus, microsomal fraction of the rat brain (IMPC) and rat blood plasma. During peptidase hydrolysis of Pro-Gly-Pro-Leu, the main metabolites were Gly-Pro-Leu, Pro-Gly-Pro, Gly-Pro and Pro-Gly. For ACTH(6-9)Pro-Gly-Pro, the main metabolites were Phe-Arg-Trp-Pro-Gly-Pro and Trp-Pro-Gly-Pro. In peptidase hydrolysis of 5-oxo-Pro-His-Pro-NH2, the major metabolite was 5-oxo-Pro-His-Pro. It was shown that with different methods of peptides administration the composition of the metabolites formed is different. Based on the data obtained, resistance to enzymatic cleavage of peptides and their metabolic pathways were evaluated. Thus, these new data have shown that the above approaches can be used to prolong the action of glyprolines in living objects. In this case, the degradation of proline-containing peptides occurs mainly not due to the action of proteases, but due to other ways of degradation. In general, the data presented in the review indicate the promise of intranasal way of introducing biologically active peptides into the brain of living organisms.
Mullerian inhibiting substance type II receptor as a potential target for antineoplastic therapy
Authors: Rak A.Ya. , Trofimov A.V. , Ischenko A.M.
Published: June 2019

The review considers properties of the type II anti-Mullerian hormone receptor (mullerian inhibiting substance receptor type II, MISRII), a transmembrane sensor with its own serine/threonine protein kinase activity, triggering apoptosis of the Mullerian ducts in mammalian embryogenesis and providing formation of the male type reproductive system. According to recent data, MISRII overexpression in the postnatal period is found in cells of a number of ovarian, mammary gland, and prostate tumors, and anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) has a pro-apoptotic effect on MISRII-positive tumor cells. This fact makes MISRII a potential target for targeted anti-cancer therapy. Treatment based on targeting MISRII seems to be a much more effective alternative to the traditional one and will significantly reduce the drug dose. However, the mechanism of MISRII-AMH interaction is still poorly understood, so the development of new anticancer drugs is complicated. The review analyzes MISRII molecular structure and expression levels in various tissues and cell lines, as well as current understanding of the AMH binding mechanisms and data on the possibility of using MISRII as a target for the action of AMH-based antineoplastic drugs.
Expression of gene and content of adiponectin in fatty tissue in patients with ischemic heart disease
Authors: Dyleva Yu.A. , Gruzdeva O.V. , Belik E.V. , Akbasheva O.E. , Uchasova E.G. , Borodkina D.A. , Sinitsky M.Yu. , Sotnikov A.V. , Kozyrin K.A. , Karetnikova V.N. , Barbarash O.L.
Published: June 2019

The purpose of the study was to investigate the features of expression and adiponectin content in the adipocyte culture of subcutaneous, epicardial, and perivascular adipose tissue and the effect of various doses of rosuvastatin on these processes. 29 patients with coronary artery disease were examined. Adipocytes were isolated from the samples of SAT, EAT and PVAT which were taken during coronary artery bypass surgery, followed by cultivation in the presence of rosuvastatin and evaluation of gene expression and adiponectin concentration. Adipocytes SAT, EAT and PVAT differed in the level of adiponectin secretion and expression of its gene. On day 1 of cultivation the expression of the adiponectin gene in the EAT was 2.3 times lower than in the PVAT. On day 2 of cultivation the expression of the adiponectin gene was reduced both in the EAT and the PVAT as compared to the SAT. When rosuvastatin was added at a concentration of 1 mmol/L, adiponectin gene expression in PVAT was higher than when rosuvastatin was added at a concentration of 5 mmol/L, in the adipocyte culture of SAT effect was opposite. Thus, the adipocytes of EZhT and, to a greater extent, PAS, can be a therapeutic target for statins in the case of the pathological activation of adipose tissue.
Study of Oligohydramnios and its perinatal outcome
Authors: Patil Sudha V. , Shaikmohammed Fatima Zahra
Published: June 2019

Background: Importance of amniotic fluid volume as an indicator of fetal status is being appreciated relatively recently. Around 3% to 8% of pregnant women are presenting with low amniotic fluid at any point of pregnancy. The present study was undertaken to study the outcome of pregnancies with Oligohydramnios [(amniotic fluid index) AFI≤5cm] at or beyond 34 weeks.Methods: This study consists of 50 cases of antenatal patients with oligohydramnios (AFI≤5) at or beyond 34 weeks of gestation compared with age and gestation matched 50 normal liquor (AFI≥5 and ≤25). The outcome measures recorded were labor, gestational age at delivery, amniotic fluid index (AFI), mode of delivery, indication for cesarean section or instrumental delivery, APGAR score and birth weight.Results: In the present study, AFI was significantly decreased in cases (3.74±1.2) compared (12.54±2.5) with controls. Variable deceleration was noted in 14 (28%) and late deceleration in 5 (10%) cases. In control group, 2 (4%) had late deceleration. In cases induced labor is in 14 (28%), spontaneous labor 36 (72%). In cases, term normal vaginal delivery was in 15 (30%), PVD in 6 (12%), LSCS in 28 (56%) and instrumental vaginal delivery in 1 (2%). In controls, full term normal vaginal delivery was in 41 (82%), PVD in 5 (10%), LSCS in 4 (8%). APGAR score <7 at 1 minute was in 19 (38%) and at 5 minutes was in 5 (10%) in cases. Birth weight is reduced in cases. IUGR was reported in 9 (18%) in cases.Conclusions: Pregnancies with Oligohydramnios (AFI≤5) is associated with increased rate of non-reactive NST. Routine induction of labor for Oligohydramnios is not recommended. It is preferable to allow patients to go into spontaneous labor with continuous FHR monitoring. Antepartum diagnosis of Oligohydramnios warrants close fetal surveillance.
Endometrial evaluation with methylene blue staining in patients with normal hysteroscopy
Authors: Goel Alka , Gupta Pooja , Singh Akansha , Singh Khushboo
Published: June 2019

Background: Normally, endometrium comprises of non-absorptive epithelium and does not take up stain. Conventional staining with methylene blue is explained on the basis of existence of apoptotic cells in endometrium.Methods: Of 50 patients of unexplained infertility, AUB, recurrent pregnancy loss were randomly selected and included in the study. Those with abnormal ultrasound and history of tuberculosis were excluded. Conventional hysteroscopy was performed using normal saline as distending medium and in those with grossly normal endometrium were subjected to staining with 5% methylene blue instilled trans cervically. After 5 min, irrespective of the size and pattern, focal dark blue stained areas were considered abnormal and randomly biopsied. Incidence of endometritis in both groups was compared after histopathological examination.Results: Of total 50 patients, histopathological report of only one patient with dark blue staining had evidence of endometritis. Rest had no evidence, of which 73.5% had light blue or unstained areas and 26.5% showed dark blue staining. No statistically significant difference was found between histopathological reports and light or dark blue staining (p=0.28). When percentage stained area was considered more than 50% only to be positive, sensitivity was 100%, specificity 94%, PPV 25% and NPV 100%. False positives were 75% and no false negatives were observed. Although p values improved but still statistically insignificant.Conclusions: Present study failed to establish any significant correlation between staining pattern and detection rate of endometritis. With no Indian studies published on chromohysteroscopy so far, role of methylene blue in detection of subtle endometrial changes in modern gynaecology in Indian subpopulation is yet to be established.
Serum lactate dehydrogenase: a prognostic factor in pre-eclampsia
Authors: Mehta Meena , Parashar Meetali , Kumar Rajesh
Published: June 2019

Background: Pre eclampsia is responsible for significant maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide .Serum LDH level is a useful biomarker for cellular injury which may reflect the severity of pre eclampsia and its level might be a guideline for management of patients. The aim of study was to find out the role of serum LDH in prediction of adverse outcome of pre eclampsia, severity of disease and occurrence of complications.Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecolog, RIMS, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India. A total of 300 cases were studied.150 cases were non severe preeclamptic and 150 cases were severe pre eclamptic patients. Serum LDH was done in both non severe and severe eclamptic patients .Data entry was done in Microsoft excel 2007. Results were analysed by chi square test.Results: Higher LDH levels had significant correlation with high blood pressure as well as poor maternal and perinatal outcome.Conclusions: High serum LDH level correlate well with the severity of disease and poor outcome in patients of pre eclampsia. Detection of high risk patients with increased levels of LDH mandate close monitoring and management to prevent maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality.
Vitamin D status of pregnant women and their infants in South India: VIPIS study
Authors: Navaneethan Preethi , Mani Thenmozhi , Shrestha Pradita , Regi Annie , Thomas Niranjan , Simon Anna
Published: June 2019

Background: Aim was to estimate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women and their infants and to analyse the effect of maternal vitamin D deficiency on the infant.Methods: A prospective study was done in the Department of Obstetrics and Neonatology in a tertiary centre in South India with 150 women seen in the antenatal clinic after 36 weeks of pregnancy were recruited. Serum vitamin D levels were obtained. Babies were followed up and sampled once between 10 and 20 weeks of age for vitamin D, calcium, phosphate and alkaline phosphatase. Vitamin D levels less than 20 ng/ml was considered as deficiency. Analysis of the data was done using SPSS 16.0 version.Results: Vitamin D deficiency was seen in 64.8% of the pregnant women. Follow up of 76 babies showed vitamin D deficiency in 72.6% infants. Significantly high levels of alkaline phosphatase were noted in infants who were born to mothers with vitamin D deficiency, which indicates risk of developing bone disease.Conclusions: This study highlights the high prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women and their infants in South India in a region with abundant sunshine. This study also emphasises treating vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy to reduce the risk of developing rickets in infancy.
A study of spectrum and fetomaternal outcome of Jaundice in pregnant women: an experience from a tertiary referral centre of North India
Authors: Agrawal Monica , Bhanu Meenakshi , Sankhwar Pushpa Lata , Deo Sujata , Jaiswar S. P.
Published: June 2019

Background: Pregnancy in jaundice is an important Medical disorder, commonly seen in developing countries like India. The objective of the study was to evaluate the causes leading to jaundice in pregnancy and to analyse the feto-maternal outcome in patients of jaundice in pregnancy.Methods: This was a prospective observational study of antenatal cases with jaundice admitted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Georges Medical University, Lucknow over a period of one year after getting approval of ethical clearance. Total 122 cases were enrolled after informed consent.Results: Total of 122 cases were enrolled, Incidence of jaundice in pregnancy was 1.2%. Majority of patients were of age group 20-25 years 48.4%. About 69.7% presented at gestational age of 29-40 weeks. Most common cause was pre-eclampsia 33.6%, followed by cholestasis 23.75% and hepatitis 17.2%. Amongst hepatitis, most common was hepatitis B in 26.7%. Out of 122 cases, 59.8% delivered while 50.2% were undelivered 52.4% patients improved and were discharged while 47.6% patients expired. Vaginal deliveries were 56.1%, abdominal deliveries were 43.9%, and main reason for maternal mortality was hepatic encephalopathy in 64.6%. Mortality was higher in patients with total bilirubin > 10mg%. Perinatal mortality was 37%.Conclusions: Pregnancy complicated with jaundice carries very poor maternal and fetal outcome. Poor outcome may be attributed to delay in seeking medical advice, lack of awareness, lack of proper antenatal checkups 100% ANC booking can help in reducing fetomaternal morbidity and mortality.
Uterus didelphys with a successful term pregnancy
Authors: Anand Smriti , Dhaiya Soniya
Published: June 2019

Mullerian duct anomalies are congenital defects of female genital system that arise from abnormal embryological development of mullerianducts. Uterusdidelphys also known as double uterus is one of the least mulleriananomalies. Here we present a case of a woman with uterus didelphys and her successful full pregnancy. Patient came to our hospital with diagnosis of G1P0L0 with 39 weeks with antepartum hemorrhage with active bleeding. On ultrasound she was found to be type iv placenta previa, in view of same we had done her lower segment cesarean section with delivery of a 2.5 kg female baby with intraoperative findings of two uterus and two cervix i.e uterus didelphys in which pregnancy was present in right uterus, placenta covering os. Post operative period was uneventful. Patient who have uterus didelphys due to mullerian defect not associated with difficulty in conception but there is increase incidence of preterm labour, malpresentation and malposition. Howeverwith appropriate antenatal and intrapartum surveillance pregnancy outcome are good.
True broad ligament fibroid mimicking ovarian mass in a postmenopausal woman
Authors: Singh Lata , Gupta Taru , Kumari Snigdha , Gupta Sangeeta
Published: June 2019

Fibroids are benign smooth muscle tumors. Large fibroids are known to arise from the uterus, but occasionally from the broad ligament.  Here, we report a case of true broad ligament fibroid which is rare and difficult to diagnose in a 57 year old postmenopausal women with a large mass of 24 weeks size gravid uterus. Patient presented with pain lower abdomen and mass in abdomen with no other co-morbidity. This broad ligament fibroid was mimicking as ovarian tumor on ultrasonography and MRI as left ovary was not visualised separately, thus leading to diagnostic dilemma of ovarian malignancy. Mass resection with total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oopherectomy was performed. No local or distant metastasis observed, and Histopathology showed true broad ligament fibroid of left side weighing 3.57 kilograms.
Pyometra in the postpartum: a forgotten complication
Authors: Choudhary Rana A. , Ganla Kedar N. , Desai Kavita N. , Vora Priyanka H.
Published: June 2019

We report a case of 37 years old women who conceived after in vitro fertilization (IVF). Her antenatal course was uneventful. On delivery there was placenta acreta. She later presented in the postpartum period with pyometra. She was managed with conservative treatment. We believe that the placental bed sutures and the sloughing placenta could have led to sterile pyometra in this patient. This rare but important complication need to be kept in mind specially in high risk women with thin endometrium, h/o IVF, cervical encerclage, and placenta acreta.
Vagino-cutaneous fistula: unreported, under-reported or unheralded?
Authors: Ramji Ashwath Narayan
Published: June 2019

Fistulas are communicating tracts between two surfaces, linking structures and planes that should, under normal circumstances, not be in dialogue. They may be congenital or acquired and are most commonly associated with the gastrointestinal and ano-rectal territories, where they link two different organ systems internally, or track outwards, creating a communicating channel between the internal viscera and the skin surface. Vaginal fistulas on occasion result from perineal tears due to traumatic delivery, or less commonly, infection or non-healing of the episiotomy wound, and are of the rectovaginal or vesicovaginal variety. Very rarely, the channel from the vagina tracks to an opening in the skin. This is the report of a patient who developed the rare vagino-cutaneous fistula following a normal vaginal delivery with episiotomy, and review of the limited literature available about the peculiar entity, so rare that no previous reports of vagino-cutaneous fistulas developing after vaginal delivery with episiotomy could be found.
Non routine use of alveolar incision in Von Langenbeck technique palatoplasty in children; a safe and viable technique in our centre
Authors: Okoro Philemon E. , Kejeh Benjamin M.
Published: June 2019

Background: Repair of the palate is among the challenging reconstructive surgeries in children. No single technique has achieved completely satisfactory results. The von Langenbeck technique (VLT) is one of the techniques in common use. We have sort to find out if the lateral alveolar incision in VLT can be safely avoided in selected cases.Methods: This is a prospective comparative study of cases of isolated unilateral cleft palate in children 18 years and below which were repaired using the VLT with and without lateral alveolar incision in our centre between January 2013 and December 2018. Outcome parameters obtained included duration of surgery, blood loss, complication and fistula rates. Data was analyzed using SPSS 21. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05.Results: Eighty four patients were included in the study; 36 were in the test group and 48 were in the control group. There was no significant difference in the age, weight and gender of the two groups. The duration of surgery was significantly shorter in the test group and fistula and complication rate was less.Conclusions:This study has demonstrated that comparable, if not better results can be achieved in well selected patients with unilateral isolated cleft palate using only dissection along the margin of the cleft. This new technique reduces the duration of surgery and anaesthesia and may reduce blood loss and complications.
Independent perioperative predictive risk factors for the anastomotic leak after emergency bowel resection anastomosis
Authors: Sieda Bassem , Abdelhady Waleed , Baghdadi Muhammad
Published: June 2019

Background: Anastomotic disruption after bowel resection anastomosis is a devastating and a feared complication, so it is of utmost importance to identify perioperative parameters predisposing to such complication.Methods: A prospective cohort study was performed in two institutes, and there were 287 patients eligible and included in the study which done from April 2017 to December 2018, 87 patients underwent intervention in the first institute in Zagazig University Hospitals, Egypt. And 200 patients underwent intervention in Riyadh, KSA. Statistical analysis used: Percent of categorical variables were compared using Pearson’s Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test when was appropriate. Risk estimation was done by Odds ratio (OR) calculation. All tests were two sided. A p-value <0.05 was considered significant. All statistics were performed using SPSS 22.0 for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) and MedCalc windows (MedCalc Software bvba 13, Ostend, Belgium).Results: Of the parameters analyzed risk factors for anastomotic leakage that studied in 287 patients, 6 perioperative parameters have significant statistical difference: hypo-albuminaemia (Odd ratio: 6.544 and p-value <0.001), acute intra-abdominal contamination (Odd ratio: 3.921 and P-value <0.004), High WBC'S with high presepsin with p-value <0.001, hyponatremia p<0.004, perioperative blood transfusion and anastomotic tension were found to be independent factors.Conclusions: Knowledge of independent perioperative predictive factors for leakage is of utmost importance for its early detection, decision making for surgical time,our study concluded the possibility to detect a subgroup of high-risk patients for anastomotic leakage after emergency bowel resection anastomosis.
Acute mesenteric ischemia: a review of 50 cases
Authors: Ranchordás Sara , Cunha Cátia , Roque Rita , Féria Luís , Maio Rui
Published: June 2019

Background: Acute mesenteric ischemia is a rare but highly lethal cause of abdominal pain. Diagnosis should be prompt to ensure early treatment and avoid progression of the disease. The aim of the study was to describe the population presenting with acute mesenteric ischemia submitted to surgery, evaluate their outcome and determine possible predictors of mortality.Methods: Retrospective analysis of all patients who underwent surgery due to mesenteric ischemia between May 2013 and January 2015. A total of 50 patients were included. Pre-operative patient risk factors, diagnostic and surgical approach, post-operative complications and outcome were analysed. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v. 20. Univariable analysis was performed using T student and chi square tests.Results: Mean age was 79 years. Most patients (n=43) had cardiovascular risk factors. Clinical and laboratory studies findings were non-specific. During surgery, 28% were found to have extensive ischemia. Exclusive exploratory laparotomy was done in 11 cases due to extensive ischemia. Thrombectomy was performed in 6 cases. Eleven patients were submitted to reoperation.  In-hospital mortality was 68% (n=34). Patients who died had more frequently systemic findings and extensive ischemia. Patients with extensive vs. segmental ischemia were also compared and no statistically significant differences regarding preoperative findings were found. Mortality was significantly higher in patients with extensive ischemia.Conclusions:Timely diagnosis and treatment are essential to improve the outcome of AMI but tools to perform this are still lacking. Mortality remains high, especially when ischemia is extensive at the time of surgery.
Multidetector computerized tomography in acute abdomen
Authors: Rafiq Suhail , Ellahi Inayat , Shabir Shafqat , Shahnawaz Sheikh
Published: June 2019

Background: Acute abdominal pain is a common chief complaint in patients examined reporting to emergency department. The sensitivity of CT is 96% in acute abdomen. In order to decrease the mortality and morbidity rate, an efficient and correct diagnosis should be given for these patients. When investigations, like USG examinations are inconclusive, in such cases, multi-detector computer tomography is a widely accepted primary investigation of choice in patients coming with intense abdominal pain. The aim of the study was to evaluate the accuracy of MDCT in diagnosis of acute abdomen; document the sensitivity and specificity of MDCT; the incidence of different pathologies presenting as acute abdomen.Methods: Prospective study on 64 subjects with acute pain abdomen was subjected to MDCT in GMC Srinagar. The duration of this study was from January to May 2019.Results: About 36 patients were females and 28 were males. Youngest patient had an age of 7 years to eldest patient having age of 79 years. Most common causes of acute abdomen were acute pancreatitis in 21.8, acute appendicitis in 15.6% and bowel obstruction in12.5%. In our study the sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictable values of MDCT were 95.0%, 75%%, 98.3% and 60% respectively.Conclusions: We conclude that MDCT has high sensitivity and accuracy rate. In inconclusive cases, MDCT is recommended to arrive at a definitive diagnosis. The results obtained in the study were comparable to pioneer studies conducted worldwide.