bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proteção e apoio ao aleitamento materno: uma contribuição do banco de leite humano Protection and support breastfeeding: a contribution of bank of human milk
Authors: Branco Maria Bertilla Lutterbach Riker , Alves Valdecyr Herdy , Rodrigues Diego Pereira , Souza Rosangela de Mattos Pereira de , Lopes Fernanda de Oliveira , Marinho Tuâny Figueiredo
Published: April 2016

Objetivo: compreender a práxis dos profissionais de saúde do Banco de Leite Humano nas ações de proteção e apoio do aleitamento materno. Métodos: estudo descritivo, exploratório, qualitativo, participaram vinte e cinco profissionais de saúde do BLH do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, através de entrevista semiestruturada, durante os meses julho de 2012 à fevereiro de 2013, e analisadas conforme a análise de conteúdo através da modalidade temática. Resultados: na análise dos dados, os resultados mostraram que os mecanismos da práxis dos profissionais de saúde do banco de leite humano se embasaram na proteção e apoio ao aleitamento materno. Conclusão: isso repercute positivamente para o sucesso da amamentação e contribui para o incentivo da amamentação no país.
O cotidiano de familiares de pacientes internados na uti: um estudo com as representações sociais The daily life of relatives of patients admitted in icu: a study with social representations
Authors: Da Silva Silvio Éder Dias , Vasconcelos Esleane Vilela , Freitas Karina de Oliveira , Baia Ronaldo de Sousa Moreira , Araújo Jeferson Santos , Tavares Roseneide dos Santos , Da Costa Joel Lobato
Published: April 2016

Objetivo: Identificar quais as representações sociais de familiares de pacientes internados na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) sobre a UTI e o processo de internação, assim como analisar as implicações destas para o seu cotidiano. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa baseada na Teoria das Representações Sociais. Resultados: Os depoimentos dos familiares foram sintetizados em quatro temas: A percepção dos familiares com relação a UTI; O cotidiano de sofrimento do familiar; O “Choque Tecnológico”; Religiosidade: Esperança de Salvação. Conclusão: Através de todo o exposto foi possível observar a importância de se buscar meios de compreender e atender de forma mais humanizada e acolhedora o familiar que se encontra em âmbito hospitalar.
O cuidado aos dependentes químicos: com a palavra profissionais de saúde de centros de atenção psicossocial em álcool e drogas The care for chemically dependent: with words from health professional of centers of psychosocial on alcohol and drugs
Authors: Silveira Edilene Aparecida Araujo , Oliveira Patricia Peres , Correio Patricia Moreira , Santos Walquíria Jesusmara , Rodrigues Andrea Bezerra
Published: April 2016

OBJETIVO:conhecer a vivência dos profissionais de saúde frente à assistência aos dependentes de substâncias psicoativas.MÉTODOS: Estudo qualitativo, realizado com 26 profissionais de três Centros de Atenção Psicossocial, na modalidade álcool e drogas, localizados no estado de São Paulo, de agosto de 2012 a fevereiro de 2013. RESULTADOS: A média de idade foi de 33,7 anos, onde 15 eram mulheres e 11 homens. O tempo de trabalho médio na instituição foi de 3,1 anos.Emergiram as categorias: 1. O processo de trabalho e suas repercussões no cuidado aos dependentes de substâncias psicoativas e; 2. Impotência diante do abandono do tratamento. 3. O relacionamento do profissional com os dependentes de substâncias psicoativas e a família. CONCLUSÃO: Os profissionais convivem com a falta de condições de trabalho, mas há a possibilidade da produção de vínculo com os usuários e familiares, como instrumento para atingir a integralidade e a humanização do cuidado.DESCRITORES:Pessoal de Saúde;Serviços Comunitários de Saúde Mental; Saúde Mental.
Trajetória de vida de mulheres mastectomizadas à luz do discurso do sujeito coletivo Life trajectory of mastectomized women based on the collective subject discourse
Authors: Silva Marta Batista da , Pessoa Júnior João Mário , Miranda Francisco Arnoldo Nunes de
Published: April 2016

Objetivo: Analisar a trajetória de vida de mulheres mastectomizadas integrantes de um grupo de autoajuda. Método: Estudo exploratório-descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, utilizando-se do enfoque de história oral de vida como referencial metodológico atendendo as fases operacionais. Participaram 20 mulheres mastectomizadas, cujas narrativas, consideradas manifestações discursivas foram submetidas à análise do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Resultados: Emergiram três eixos temáticos, sustentado por suas respectivas ideias centrais, cada um referente, ao antes, durante e o depois da mastectomia: encarar a vida de frente - vida normal, separação, mudança, trabalho e filhos; falei com Deus - prevenção/cuidados, diagnóstico/tratamento, sentimentos/emoções e mudanças; reorganização com mais objetividade e experiência - crença, mudança e sentimentos/emoções. Conclusão: Reconhece-se a necessidade de estudos voltados para as mulheres mastectomizadas para subsidiar políticas públicas, ou, simplesmente, capacitar os profissionais da saúde para um atendimento humanizado.
Liderança e cultura de segurança do paciente: percepções de profissionais em um hospital universitário Leadership and patient safety culture: perceptions of professionals in a university hospital
Authors: Morello Kawamoto Andressa , Campos de Oliveira João Lucas , Tonini Nelsi Salete , Lazzari Nicola Anair
Published: April 2016

Objetivo: Analisar as percepções de profissionais de saúde quanto à cultura de segurança do paciente na sua interface com a liderança. Métodos: Pesquisa descritivo-exploratória, com abordagem quantitativa. Foi realizada entre abril a junho de 2014 em três unidades de um hospital universitário do Paraná. A amostra constituiu-se de 76 profissionais da equipe multidisciplinar, que responderam ao questionário “Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture”. A análise ocorreu por meio de estatística descritiva, das dimensões que tratam da cultura de segurança mediada pela liderança hospitalar do referido instrumento. Resultados: A maioria dos participantes demonstrou percepção de cultura de segurança favorável à liderança imediata e desfavorável à alta gestão hospitalar. Conclusão: Conclui-se que há necessidade de investimentos de promoção da cultura de segurança na alta direção da realidade investigada.
Conhecimento das estudantes universitárias da área da saúde sobre câncer de mama em mulheres The knowledge of health sciences undergraduate female students regarding women breast cancer
Authors: Souza Marli Aparecida Rocha
Published: April 2016

Objetivo: Caracterizar o conhecimento de estudantes universitárias da área da saúde sobre  câncer de mama em mulheres, considerando que é uma das doença que mais acomete a mulher. Método:Pesquisa qualitativa descritiva, com 11 estudantes universitárias dos cursos de enfermagem e medicina, em uma Universidade pública do Paraná, entre abril e junho de 2012. A análise dos dados foi feita segundo os 6 passos sugeridos por Jonh W. Creswell e o referencial de Edgar Morin sobre o conhecimento e suas dimensões: a dimensão contexto, global, multidimensional e a dimensão complexo. Conclusão:O conhecimento sobre câncer de mama, vai além do conjunto de informações que o envolve,implantação de políticas públicas e programas específicos, mas também refere-se ao envolvimento e sensibilização dos profissionais que irão atuar nessa aréa.Descritores:Enfermagem; Câncer de mama; Saúde da mulher; Estudantes. Conhecimento.
Doenças cardiovasculares e fatores associados em adultos e idosos cadastrados em uma unidade básica de saúde Cardiovascular disease and associated factors in adults and elderly registered in a basic health unit
Authors: Dutra Dariele Dias , Duarte Marcella Costa Souto , De Albuquerque Karla Fernandes , De Lima Aline Soares , Santos Jiovana de Souza , Souto Hugo Costa
Published: April 2016

Objetivo: Identificar fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares em adultos e idosos. Metódo: Pesquisa de campo, quantitativa, participaram 30 usuários, do programa Hiperdia. Utilizou-se um questionário elaborado pela pesquisadora. Os dados oriundos de questões quantitativas foram tratados estatisticamente por meio de percentual. Resultados: quanto aos participantes terem conhecimentos dos fatores de riscos: dieta Hipersódica 73%(22), estresse 70%(21), álcool 43%(13), tabagismo 40%(12), idade 40%(12), colesterol 40%(12), obesidade 33%(10); conhecimento da HAS 63%(19) diz ter; 43%(13) fazem apenas restrições hiposódica, 23%(7) não fazem restrições; 37%(11) não atendem orientações quanto a alimentação e a atividade física; 73%(22) não pratica atividade física. Conclusão: evidencia-se a necessidade de intensificar as estratégias de prevenção a doenças cardiovasculares. Descritores: Doenças Cardiovasculares, Atenção Primária a Saúde, Envelhecimento.
Significados do processo do morrer e da morte para a equipe multiprofissional Meaning of the process of dying and death for multiprofessional staff
Authors: Guimarães Carvalho Barbosa Alessandra , Massaroni Leila , Lima Eliane de Fátima Almeida
Published: April 2016

Objetivo: descrever os significados que a equipe multiprofissional de uma Unidade de Tratamento Intensivo Adulto detém sobre o processo do morrer e a morte. Método: realizada pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, obtiveram os dados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada com 21 profissionais de saúde. Analisaram os resultados embasados na análise de conteúdo temática, que resultou nas categorias: Visão não científica da morte e do morrer e Visão científica da morte e do morrer. Resultado: evidenciaram-se significados sobre a morte, tais como: um processo natural, uma etapa a cumprir, um evento fisiológico e a extinção. Conclusão: Devido à multiplicidade de significados encontrados ha necessidade de discussão e reflexão sobre o processo do morrer e da morte, com a expectativa de melhor conviver com esses eventos.
Incidência de transmissão vertical do HIV entre gestantes soropositivas cadastradas em um serviço de referência regional Incidence of HIV vertical transmission among HIV-positive pregnant women treated at a regional reference service
Authors: Souza Cássio de Pádua , Piantino Camila Belfort , Queiroz Cleide Augusta de , Maia Maria Ambrosina Cardoso , Fortuna Cinira Magali , Andrade Raquel Dully
Published: April 2016

Objetivo: Levantar e caracterizar a incidência de transmissão vertical do HIV, no período de 2004 a 2013, entre gestantes acompanhadas por serviço de referência em DST, HIV/Aids e Hepatites Virais no interior de Minas Gerais. Método: Estudo quantitativo descritivo. Os dados foram obtidos em prontuários de mulheres soropositivas para o HIV. Para análise, utilizou-se a estatística descritiva simples. Aprovado pela Comissão de Ética em pesquisa da Fundação de Ensino Superior de Passos (FESP), com CAAE: 28399314.8.0000.5112. Resultados: Das 33 gestações acompanhadas no serviço, 60,6% (20) conheciam o diagnóstico antes da gravidez e 39,4% (13) o obtiveram durante o pré-natal. No primeiro grupo não houve transmissão vertical, enquanto que no segundo houve um caso, 8%. Conclusão: Recomenda-se realização de teste ainda no primeiro trimestre gestacional, pois o diagnóstico tardio dificulta a profilaxia. Descritores: Transmissão vertical de doença infecciosa, HIV, Prevenção de doenças transmissíveis, Serviços de saúde materno-infantil.
A Percepção do Indígena Xerente sobre a Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica, no Tocantins The perception of xerente indigenous about systemic arterial hypertension, in Tocantins
Authors: Rodrigues Karoline Nunes , Santos Nayane de Sousa Silva
Published: April 2016

Objetivo: o estudo objetivou compreender a percepção do povo Xerente sobre a Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica (HAS). Métodos: pesquisa de campo com abordagem qualitativa, etnográfica, com 29 indígenas hipertensos Xerente. Resultados: com base nos dados obtidos, resultou-se em duas categorias: “A pressão alta na percepção dos indígenas” e “O significado da alimentação para os indígenas”. Conclusão: o surgimento da HAS para o povo Xerente é recente e está relacionado à mudança no estilo de vida que ocasiona medo e ansiedade diante do desconhecido. Faz-se necessário que os profissionais de saúde atuem com sensibilidade e abertura para a escuta e trocas de saberes, de forma que atendam as necessidades dos indígenas e respeitem os seus valores culturais.
Heat transport in the Hadean mantle: From heat pipes to plates
Authors: Kankanamge Duminda G. J. , Moore William B.
Published: April 2016

Plate tectonics is a unique feature of Earth, and it plays a dominant role in transporting Earth's internally generated heat. It also governs the nature, shape, and the motion of the surface of Earth. The initiation of plate tectonics on Earth has been difficult to establish observationally, and modeling of the plate breaking process has not consistently accounted for the nature of the preplate tectonic Earth. We have performed numerical simulations of heat transport in the preplate tectonic Earth to understand the transition to plate tectonic behavior. This period of time is dominated by volcanic heat transport called the heat pipe mode of planetary cooling. These simulations of Earth's mantle include heat transport by melting and melt segregation (volcanism), Newtonian temperature‐dependent viscosity, and internal heating. We show that when heat pipes are active, the lithosphere thickens and lithospheric isotherms are kept flat by the solidus. Both of these effects act to suppress plate tectonics. As volcanism wanes, conduction begins to control lithospheric thickness, and large slopes arise at the base of the lithosphere. This produces large lithospheric stress and focuses it on the thinner regions of the lithosphere resulting in plate breaking events.
Sea ice production variability in Antarctic coastal polynyas
Authors: Tamura Takeshi , Ohshima Kay I. , Fraser Alexander D. , Williams Guy D.
Published: April 2016

Enhanced sea ice production (SIP) in Antarctic coastal polynyas forms dense shelf water (DSW), leading to Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) formation that ultimately drives the lower limb of the meridional overturning circulation. Some studies suggest that the variability of SIP in Antarctic coastal polynyas is driven by the influence of atmospheric forcing, i.e., surface winds and air temperature. Our previous mapping of SIP in 13 major Antarctic coastal polynyas from 1992 to 2007, using a heat flux calculation with ice thickness data derived from satellite data, is extended here to examine the interannual and seasonal variability of SIP from 1992 to 2013. The interannual variability of total ice production correlates more strongly with polynya extent than with atmospheric forcing, with the exception of the Shackleton Polynya, which correlates well with wind. There is no coherent signal in the interannual variability between the major Antarctic coastal polynyas. We find that stochastic changes to the coastal “icescape,” i.e., ice shelves, floating glaciers, fast ice, together with offshore first‐year ice, are also important factors driving SIP variability on multiyear time scales. Both the Ross Ice Shelf Polynya and Mertz Glacier Polynya experienced a significant reduction in SIP due to calving events and the repositioning of icebergs and fast ice. Our results also show opposing trends between polynya‐based SIP and sea ice extent in key regions of Antarctic sea ice change. Close monitoring of coastal icescape dynamics and change is essential to better understand the long‐term impact of coastal polynya variability and its influence on regional AABW production.
Variation in climate sensitivity and feedback parameters during the historical period
Authors: Gregory J. M. , Andrews T.
Published: April 2016

We investigate the climate feedback parameter α (W m−2 K−1) during the historical period (since 1871) in experiments using the HadGEM2 and HadCM3 atmosphere general circulation models (AGCMs) with constant preindustrial atmospheric composition and time‐dependent observational sea surface temperature (SST) and sea ice boundary conditions. In both AGCMs, for the historical period as a whole, the effective climate sensitivity is ∼2 K (α≃1.7 W m−2 K−1), and α shows substantial decadal variation caused by the patterns of SST change. Both models agree with the AGCMs of the latest Coupled Model Intercomparison Project in showing a considerably smaller effective climate sensitivity of ∼1.5 K (α = 2.3 ± 0.7 W m−2 K−1), given the time‐dependent changes in sea surface conditions observed during 1979–2008, than the corresponding coupled atmosphere‐ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs) give under constant quadrupled CO2 concentration. These findings help to relieve the apparent contradiction between the larger values of effective climate sensitivity diagnosed from AOGCMs and the smaller values inferred from historical climate change.
Commentary on “The reduction of friction in long‐runout landslides as an emergent phenomenon” by Brandon C. Johnson, Charles S. Campbell, and H. Jay Melosh
Authors: Louge M. Y.
Published: April 2016

Johnson et al. (2016) use numerical simulations of disks to revisit the mystery of the struzstrom, a kind of landslide that travels an unexpectedly long distance on flat land, far beyond the mountain slope on which it initially accelerated.
Mitotic Spindle Assembly: The Roles of Microtubule Nucleation and Assembly
Authors: Xu Xiaowei , Luo Jia , Jiang Qing , Zhang Chuanmao
Published: April 2016

In all eukaryotes, the assembly of a bipolar mitotic spindle requires highly ordered arrangement of microtubule arrays. This process is facilitated by the formation of new microtubules and involves many proteins that regulate microtubule organisation and dynamics. While the γ‐tubulin ring complex (
γTuRC
) determines the spatial and temporal control over the initiation of microtubule growth, recent work reveals the molecular mechanisms behind these dynamic events.

Key Concepts

Mitotic spindle is a macromolecular temporary machine that initially assembles in early mitosis and disappears at the end of mitosis.

Mitotic spindle mainly consists of microtubules with a variety of microtubule‐associated proteins (MAPs) and motor proteins.

Microtubules are assembled from α/β‐tubulin heterodimers that contact both in longitudinal and lateral directions.

The MAPs and motor proteins take responsibility for regulating the growth or shrinkage of the microtubules.

Microtubule nucleation occurs at microtubule‐organising centres (MTOCs).

γ‐Tubulin and several other components assemble into γ‐tubulin ring complex (γTuRC) that determines when and where to nucleate the microtubule.

Diffusible RanGTP gradient from chromosomes facilitates chromosome‐mediated microtubule nucleation and assembly.

Microtubules may serve as nucleation sites for microtubule nucleation and assembly regulated by γTuRC and augmin protein complex.

Small microtubule seed/aster formation and sorting facilitate kinetochore capture by microtubules and mitotic spindle assembly.

Mitotic kinases such as cyclin‐dependent kinases, auroras and Plks regulate microtubule nucleation and assembly during mitotic spindle formation.
Brief Report: Comparing the Autobiographical Remembering of Iranian Immigrant Trauma Survivors with That of Iranian and British Trauma Survivors
Authors: Jobson Laura , Cheraghi Sepideh , Moradi Ali Reza
Published: April 2016

This study investigated how culture and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) influence the autobiographical remembering of Iranian trauma survivors living in Britain compared to the remembering of British trauma survivors living in their host culture (Britain) and Iranians in their culture of origin (Iran). Iranian immigrants with and without PTSD completed measures of autobiographical remembering. Data was compared to previously collected data from British and Iranian trauma survivors with and without PTSD. It was found that the memory‐content of Iranian immigrants' memories resembled that of Iranian trauma survivors in Iran, while the phenomenological properties of their autobiographical remembering more closely resembled that of British trauma survivors. Moreover, there were pan‐cultural distortions and deficits in the autobiographical remembering of those with PTSD. The findings suggest that immigrants with PTSD have similar disruptions and distortions in their autobiographical remembering as that of individuals with PTSD living in their host culture and culture of origin.Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Direct Conversion of Internal Alkynes into α‐Iodoenones: One‐Step Collaborative Iodination and Oxidation
Authors: Wang Youliang , Genoux Alexandre , Ghorai Subir , Chen Hongyi , Todd Robert , Zhang Liming
Published: April 2016

The reaction of an internal alkyne with 2,6‐dichloropyridine N‐oxide, a nucleophilic oxidant, and electrophilic N‐iodosuccinimide (NIS) simultaneously enables the direct access to versatile α‐iodoenones. Electronically biased internal alkynes undergo the one‐step transformation with excellent regioselectivities and with practical Z/E ratios. In comparison to the related oxidative gold catalysis using pyridine N‐oxides, this reaction employs NIS as the stoichiometric ynophile instead of the soft acidic noble metal catalyst and affords products featuring an additional versatile CI bond. Similar strategies for replacing ynophilic cationic gold(I) complexes in oxidative gold catalysis with likewise ynophilic stoichiometric electrophiles would enable the development of new synthetic methods.

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Bioorthogonal Turn‐On Probe Based on Aggregation‐Induced Emission Characteristics for Cancer Cell Imaging and Ablation
Authors: Yuan Youyong , Xu Shidang , Cheng Xiamin , Cai Xiaolei , Liu Bin
Published: April 2016

Bioorthogonal turn‐on probes have been widely utilized in visualizing various biological processes. Most of the currently available bioorthogonal turn‐on probes are blue or green emissive fluorophores with azide or tetrazine as functional groups. Herein, we present an alternative strategy of designing bioorthogonal turn‐on probes based on red‐emissive fluorogens with aggregation‐induced emission characteristics (AIEgens). The probe is water soluble and non‐fluorescent due to the dissipation of energy through free molecular motion of the AIEgen, but the fluorescence is immediately turned on upon click reaction with azide‐functionalized glycans on cancer cell surface. The fluorescence turn‐on is ascribed to the restriction of molecular motion of AIEgen, which populates the radiative decay channel. Moreover, the AIEgen can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon visible light (λ=400–700 nm) irradiation, demonstrating its dual role as an imaging and phototherapeutic agent.
Synergistic removal of Cu(II) and nitrazine yellow dye using an eco‐friendly chitosan‐montmorillonite hydrogel: Optimization by response surface methodology
Authors: Ngwabebhoh Fahanwi Asabuwa , Erdem Ahmet , Yildiz Ufuk
Published: April 2016

A comprehensive feasibility study on adsorption of Cu(II) and a water‐soluble nitrazine yellow (NY) dye by chitosan‐montmorillonite (CS‐MMT) hydrogel as the biosorbent was investigated as a function of biosorbent dosage, initial concentration, pH, temperature, and the presence of salts. Box–Behnken methodology was applied to optimize the adsorption experiments. Maximum adsorption values were determined as 132.74 mg/g and 144.41 mg/g at pH = 5.0, for Cu(II) and NY dye, respectively. Equilibrium isotherms of Langmuir and Freundlich were analyzed by the non‐linear regression model. The equilibrium data were well described by Freundlich model and the adsorption process well fitted pseudo‐second order kinetics. The enthalpy change of adsorption (ΔH°) were calculated as −3.78 kJ/mol and −5.75 kJ/mol for Cu(II) and NY dye, respectively, indicating that the adsorption processes were exothermic. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43664.
Experimental and computational study of microfluidic flow‐focusing generation of gelatin methacrylate hydrogel droplets
Authors: Samanipour Roya , Wang Zongjie , Ahmadi Ali , Kim Keekyoung
Published: April 2016

This work presents the experimental and computational study of droplet generation for hydrogel prepolymer solution in oil using a flow‐focusing device. Effects of different parameters on hydrogel droplet generation and droplet sizes in a flow‐focusing device were investigated experimentally and computationally. First, three dimensional (3D) computational simulations were conducted to describe the physics of droplet formation in each regime and mechanism of three different regimes: squeezing, dripping, and jetting regime of hydrogel were investigated. Subsequently, the effects of viscosity, inertia force, and surface tension force on droplet generation, and droplet size were studied through these experiments. The experiments were carried out using different concentration of gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogel (5 wt % and 8 wt %) as the dispersed phase and two different continuous phase liquids (light mineral oil and hexadecane) with various concentrations of surfactant (0 wt %, 3 wt %, and 20 wt %). All experimental data was summarized by capillary number of dispersed phases and the continuous phases to characterize the different regimes of droplet generation and to predict the transition of dripping to a jetting regime for GelMA solution in flow‐focusing devices. It is shown that the transition of dripping to a jetting regime for GelMA happens at lower capillary numbers compared to aqueous solutions. Moreover, by increasing the viscous force of continuous phase or decreasing the interfacial force, the size of GelMA droplets was decreased. By controlling these parameters, the droplet sizes can be controlled between 30 μm and 200 μm, which are very suitable for cell encapsulation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43701.
Synthesis and thermal, optical and morphological characterization of oligomeric polyamides based on thiophene and alkyl/phenyl‐silane moieties. Study of the electrospun deposition process
Authors: Jessop Ignacio A. , Tundidor‐Camba Alain , Terraza Claudio A. , González‐Henríquez Carmen M. , Tagle Luis H.
Published: April 2016

Polyamides were synthesized from a thiophene‐containing diamine by direct polycondensation with organosilane acyl dichlorides. The obtained polymers had good solubility in common organic solvents and THF, with TDT10% values upper than 400 °C and Tg between 150 and 180 °C. Combination of these properties reveals that the processability of the polymers was increased with respect to traditional aromatic polyamides. Inherent viscosity values and SEC analysis indicated low molecular weight species. Samples showed high visible transparency and bandgap values associated to insulating materials. Polymer solutions were deposited using electrospun technique and their surface properties were studied by SEM. Spheres were created according to electric field applied during deposition process. Low molecular weight and conductivity prevent charge accumulation in the surface hindering fibers generation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43702.
LARVAL X‐RAY IRRADIATION INFLUENCES PROTEIN EXPRESSION IN PUPAE OF THE ORIENTAL FRUIT FLY, BACTROCERA DORSALIS
Authors: Chang Chiou Ling , Goodman Cynthia L. , Ringbauer Joseph , Geib Scott M. , Stanley David
Published: April 2016

The sterile insect technique (SIT) was developed to eradicate the new world screwworm from the southern United States and Mexico, and became a component of many area‐wide integrated pest management programs, particularly useful in managing tephritid fruit flies. SIT is based on the idea of rearing and sterilizing male pests, originally by ionizing radiation, and then releasing into field, where they compete for and mate with wild females. Mating with sterile males leads to reduced fecundity to lower pest populations. There are concerns with the use and distribution of radioisotopes for SIT programs, which have led to developing X‐ray irradiation protocols to sterilize insects. We considered the possibility that X‐ray irradiation exerts sublethal impacts aside form sterilizing insects. Such effects may not be directly observable, which led us to the hypothesis that X‐ray irradiation in one life stage creates alterations in biological fitness and protein expression in the subsequent stage. We tested our hypothesis by irradiating larvae of Bactrocera dorsalis. There are two major points. One, exposing larvae to X‐ray treatments led to reduced adult emergence, fecundity, fertility, and flight capacity from the corresponding pupae and emerged adults. Two, the X‐ray treatments led to substantial expression changes in 27 pupal proteins. We assorted the 67 spots representing these proteins into three groups, metabolism, development, and structure. Our interpretation is these X‐ray induced changes in biological performance and protein expression indicate their adult counterparts may be disabled in their abilities to successfully compete for and mate wild females in native habitats.
Development of a degenerated TaqMan real‐time Q‐PCR for detection of bacteria‐free DNA in dialysis fluid
Authors: Bergallo Massimiliano , Loiacono Elisa , Rizzo Giovanna , Caiazzo Marialuisa , Palladino Giuseppe , Amore Alessandro
Published: April 2016

Bacterial‐derived DNA fragments (BDNAs) have been shown to be present in a dialysis fluid, to pass through dialyzer membranes, and to induce interleukin 6 (IL‐6) in mononuclear cells. DNA fragments are thought to be derived from microorganisms inhabiting hemodialysis water and fluid. The primary aim of the present study was to develop two degenerated TaqMan real‐time quantitative‐PCR (Q‐PCR) for detection of a broad range of bacterial DNA that specifically detect 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) (862 and 241 bp) and evaluate the efficiency of the Bellco Selecta resin to capture the BDNAs in the dialysis fluid. For this purpose, we decided to compare measurements of unfragmented samples (9.8 × 105 Escherichia coli genome) with artificially fragmented DNA samples. We assessed two broad‐range real‐time PCR targeting bacterial 16S rRNA genes for detection of fragmented and unfragmented bacterial DNA in the dialytic fluid and demonstrated that Bellco Selecta resin is capable of retaining these types of bacterial DNA.
Long‐term electromagnetic exposure of developing neuronal networks: A flexible experimental setup
Authors: Oster Stefan , Daus Andreas W. , Erbes Christian , Goldhammer Michael , Bochtler Ulrich , Thielemann Christiane
Published: April 2016

Neuronal networks in vitro are considered one of the most promising targets of research to assess potential electromagnetic field induced effects on neuronal functionality. A few exposure studies revealed there is currently no evidence of any adverse health effects caused by weak electromagnetic fields. Nevertheless, some published results are inconsistent. Particularly, doubts have been raised regarding possible athermal biological effects in the young brain during neuronal development. Therefore, we developed and characterized a flexible experimental setup based on a transverse electromagnetic waveguide, allowing controlled, reproducible exposure of developing neuronal networks in vitro. Measurement of S‐parameters confirmed very good performance of the Stripline in the band of 800–1000 MHz. Simulations suggested a flexible positioning of cell culture dishes throughout a large exposure area, as specific absorption rate values were quite independent of their position (361.7 ± 11.4 mW/kg) at 1 W, 900 MHz. During exposure, thermal drift inside cellular medium did not exceed 0.1 K. Embryonic rat cortical neurons were cultivated on microelectrode array chips to non‐invasively assess electrophysiological properties of electrogenic networks. Measurements were taken for several weeks, which attest to the experimental setup being a reliable system for long‐term studies on developing neuronal tissue. Bioelectromagnetics. 37:264–278, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Microcapsules and 3D customizable shelled microenvironments from laser direct‐written microbeads
Authors: Kingsley David M. , Dias Andrew D. , Corr David T.
Published: April 2016

Microcapsules are shelled 3D microenvironments, with a liquid core. These core‐shelled structures enable cell–cell contact, cellular proliferation and aggregation within the capsule, and can be utilized for controlled release of encapsulated contents. Traditional microcapsule fabrication methods provide limited control of capsule size, and are unable to control capsule placement. To overcome these limitations, we demonstrate size and spatial control of poly‐l‐lysine and chitosan microcapsules, using laser direct‐write (LDW) printing, and subsequent processing, of alginate microbeads. Additionally, microbeads were used as volume pixels (voxels) to form continuous 3D hydrogel structures, which were processed like capsules, to form custom shelled aqueous‐core 3D structures of prescribed geometry; such as strands, rings, and bifurcations. Heterogeneous structures were also created with controlled initial locations of different cell types, to demonstrate the ability to prescribe cell signaling (heterotypic and homotypic) in co‐culture conditions. Herein, we demonstrate LDW's ability to fabricate intricate 3D structures, essentially with “printed macroporosity,” and to precisely control structural composition by bottom‐up fabrication in a bead‐by‐bead manner. The structural and compositional control afforded by this process enables the creation of a wide range of new constructs, with many potential applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 2264–2274. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Carbamazepine modulates the spatiotemporal activity in the dentate gyrus of rats and pharmacoresistant humans in vitro
Authors: Cappaert Natalie L. M. , Werkman Taco R. , Benito Nuria , Witter Menno P. , Baayen Johannes C. , Wadman Wytse J.
Published: April 2016

Introduction

Human hippocampal tissue resected from pharmacoresistant epilepsy patients was investigated to study the effect of the antiepileptic drug CBZ (carbamazepine) and was compared to similar experiments in the hippocampus of control rats.

Methods

The molecular layer of the DG (dentate gyrus) of human epileptic tissue and rat nonepileptic tissue was electrically stimulated and the evoked responses were recorded with voltage‐sensitive dye imaging to characterize the spatiotemporal properties.

Results

Bath applied CBZ (100 μmol/L) reduced the amplitude of the evoked responses in the human DG, albeit that no clear use‐dependent effects were found at frequencies of 8 or 16 Hz. In nonepileptic control DG from rats, CBZ also reduced the amplitude of the evoked response in the molecular layer of the DG as well as the spatial extent of the response.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that CBZ still reduced the activity in the DG, although the patients were clinically diagnosed as pharmacoresistant for CBZ. This suggests that in the human epileptic brain, the targets of CBZ, the voltage‐gated Na+ channels, are still sensitive to CBZ, although we used a relative high concentration and it is not possibility to assess the actual CBZ concentration that reached the target in the patient. We also concluded that the effect of CBZ was found in the activated region of the DG, quite comparable to the observations in the nonepileptic rat.
Highly Stereocontrolled Ring‐Opening Polymerization of Racemic Alkyl β‐Malolactonates Mediated by Yttrium [Amino‐alkoxy‐bis(phenolate)] Complexes
Authors: Jaffredo Cédric G. , Chapurina Yulia , Kirillov Evgueni , Carpentier Jean‐François , Guillaume Sophie M.
Published: April 2016

Yttrium [amino‐alkoxy‐bis(phenolate)]amido complexes have been used for the ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of racemic alkyl β‐malolactonates (4‐alkoxycarbonyl‐2‐oxetanones, rac‐MLARs) bearing an allyl (All), benzyl (Bz) or methyl (Me) lateral ester function. The nature of the ortho‐substituent on the phenolate rings in the metal ancillary dictated the stereocontrol of the ROP, and consequently the syndiotactic enrichment of the resulting polyesters. ROP promoted by catalysts with halogen (Cl, Br)‐disubstituted ligands allowed the first reported synthesis of highly syndiotactic PMLARs (Pr ≥ 0.95); conversely, catalysts bearing bulky alkyl and aryl ortho‐substituted ligands proved largely ineffective. All polymers have been characterized by 1H and 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopy, MALDI‐ToF mass spectrometry and DSC analyses. Statistical and thermal analyses enabled the rationalization of the chain‐end control mechanism. Whereas the stereocontrol of the polymerization obeyed a Markov first‐order (Mk1) model for the ROP of rac‐MLABz and rac‐MLAAll, the ROP of rac‐MLAMe led to a chain end‐control of Markov second‐order type (Mk2). DFT computations suggest that the high stereocontrol ability featured by catalysts bearing Cl‐ and Br‐substituted ligands does not likely originate from halogen bonding between the halogen substituent and the growing polyester chain.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND THERAPEUTIC TESTING OF MONO‐ AND DIALKYL ESTERS OF PENTETIC (DIETHYLENETRIAMINEPENTAACETIC) ACID FOR DECORPORATION OF POLYMERIC PLUTONIUM
Authors: GUILMETTE R. A. , PARKS J. E. , LINDENBAUM A.
Published: April 2016

Diethylentriaminpentaessigsäureanhydrid (I) wird durch Behandlung mit siedenden Alkoholen (II) in die Diester (III) umgewandelt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF NORBORNENE ENDO‐EPOXIDE (3‐OXATRICYCLO(3.2.1.02,4)OCTANE)
Authors: ZEFIROV N. S. , KASYAN L. I. , GNEDENKOV L. Y. , SHASHKOV A. S. , CHEREPANOVA E. G.
Published: April 2016

Bei der Epoxidierung entsteht aus dem Brom‐norbornen (I) aufgrund der sterischen Hinderung durch das Brom‐Atom vorwiegend das endo‐Epoxid (III), das mit Tributylzinnhydrid zu (IV) reduziert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: THIOPHENE AS A STRUCTURAL ELEMENT OF PHYSIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS, I: SYNTHESIS OF DERIVATIVES OF 4‐THIENO(2,3‐B)PYRROLEACETIC ACID
Authors: BINDER D. , NOE C. R. , HABISON G. , CHOCHOLOUS J.
Published: April 2016

Die Cyclisierung der t‐Boc‐geschützten Thiophenhydrazine (I) mit Lävulinsäure (II) ergibt die Bicyclen (III), die nach Umesterung zu (IV), Acylierung zu (V) zu den Essigsäurederivaten (VI) umgesetzt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: BICYCLIC PYRAZOLINES, POTENTIAL CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DEPRESSANTS AND ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENTS
Authors: KRAPCHO J. , TURK C. F.
Published: April 2016

Insgesamt 34 bicyclische Pyrazolinderivate der Struktur (IV) und (V) werden in Analogie zu (III) dargestellt und auf ihre Wirkung auf das Zentralnervensystem untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3,4‐THIADIAZOLES. XI. SYNTHESIS AND BEHAVIOR OF 4‐ALKYL‐5‐ACYL‐1,3,4‐THIADIAZOLINES
Authors: ALEMAGNA A. , BACCHETTI T.
Published: April 2016

Mit Aldehyden (II) erhält man in Gegenwart von Alkali aus den Thiadiazolium‐Salzen (I) die Acylverbindungen (III), die mit weiteren Aldehyden (IV) über (V) zu den Acyloinen (VI) führen.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS WITH AZIRIDINES, XVIII: AMIDOETHYLATION OF XANTHENE WITH N‐ACYLAZIRIDINES
Authors: STAMM H. , WIESERT W.
Published: April 2016

Deprotonierung von Xanthen (I) mit Biphenylnatrium oder Natriumamid in THF und nachfolgende Umsetzung mit den Acylaziridinen (II) liefern nebeneinander die Mono‐ und Bisalkylierungsprodukte (III) und (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: POTENTIAL ANTINEOPLASTICS. I: SUBSTITUTED 3,5‐DIOXO‐ AND 3‐THIOXO‐5‐OXO‐2,3,4,5‐TETRAHYDRO‐1,2,4‐TRIAZINES
Authors: IBRAHIM E. S. A. , SHAMS EL DINE S. A. , SOLIMAN F. S. G. , LABOUTA I. M.
Published: April 2016

Durch Umsetzung von Arylidenbrcnztraubensäuren (I) mit Semicarbazidhydrochlorid oder Thiosemicarbazid (II) und Cyclisierung der gebildeten Semicarbazone und Thiosemicarbazone (III) werden die Triazinderivate (IV) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: LIGAND STRUCTURE AND COMPLEXATION, XXXVII. THREE‐ARMED MULTIDONOR NEUTRAL LIGANDS ‐ SYNTHESIS, COMPLEX STABILITY, AND CATION SELECTIVITY
Authors: HEIMANN U. , HERZHOFF M. , VOEGTLE F.
Published: April 2016

Synthese, Komplexstabilität und Kationselektivität. ‐ Die langkettigen mehrzähnigen Tripodanden (VI) werden ausgehend von den Halbethern (III), Produkte der Phenole oder 8‐Hydroxychinolin (I) und den Oligoethylenglycoldichloriden (II) bzw. der entsprechenden Alkohole (IV) und SOCl2, synthetisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: (2)PARACYCLO(2)(3,7)TROPOLONOPHANE. SYNTHESIS, PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND CHEMICAL BEHAVIOR
Authors: KATO N. , FUKAZAWA Y. , ITO S.
Published: April 2016

5‐Chlortropolon (I) wird mit Formaldehyd zu (IIa) hydroxymethyliert und dann in die Bis‐brommethylverbindung (IIb) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION OF DIPHENYL(TRICYCLOHEXYLPHOSPHINE)MANGANESE(II) AND ITS REACTIONS WITH CARBON DIOXIDE AND ORGANIC CARBONYL COMPOUNDS
Authors: MARUYAMA K. , ITO T. , YAMAMOTO A.
Published: April 2016

Die Behandlung von Tris [acetylacetonato]‐Mn (I) mit AlPh3°C Et2O in Gegenwart von Tricyclohexylphosphin führt zu dem Diphenyl‐phosphin‐Mn‐Komplex (II).
ChemInform Abstract: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF BARIUM ALUMINATE (BAAL2O4)
Authors: HOERKNER W. , MUELLER‐BUSCHBAUM HK.
Published: April 2016

Einkristalle von BaAl2O4 werden durch Reaktion von BaO/Al2O3‐Gemischen (1:1) an der Luft über 14 d bei 1430°C im Silitrohrofen dargestellt und mit einem Vierkreisdiffraktometer röntgenographisch untersucht (P63).
ChemInform Abstract: MECHANISM OF INTERGRANULAR CORROSION AND PITTING CORROSION OF AUSTENITIC AND DUPLEX 308 STAINLESS STEEL
Authors: DEVINE T. M.
Published: April 2016

Natur und Ausmaß der intergranularen Korrosion und der Lochfraßkorrosion von Duplex‐Metallen werden als Funktion des Ferritgeha1tes(O‐15%) unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Einflusses des Gefüges am rostfreien Stahl 308 als Modellsubstanz untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: EASE OF BASE‐CATALYZED EPIMERIZATION OF N‐METHYLATED PEPTIDES AND DIKETOPIPERAZINES
Authors: GUND P. , VEBER D. F.
Published: April 2016

Die Tendenz zur Epimerisierung von N‐methylierten Peptiden wie (I) und cyclischen Dipeptiden wie (II) wird anhand von CNDO/2‐Bestimmungen der Energien der Deprotonierung (d. h. der Carbanion‐Bildung) der Modell‐Systeme (III) bis (IX) untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: HOMOGENEOUS REDUCTION OF NITROBENZENE
Authors: BANERJEE T. , MONDAL T. , SAHA C. R.
Published: April 2016

Nitrobenzol läßt sich bei 27°C in ethanolischer Natronlauge in Gegenwart des gelöst vorligenden Katalysators (I) bei Normaldruck zu Anilin hydrieren.
ChemInform Abstract: AN IMPROVED SYNTHESIS AND RESOLUTION OF POTENTIALLY NEUROLEPTIC RIGID SPIRO AMINES
Authors: CARNMALM B. , JOHANSSON L. , RAEMSBY S. , STJERNSTROEM N. E.
Published: April 2016

Verbesserungen zu der bekannten Synthese der Spiroamine (VIIa) und (VIIb) werden beschrieben sowie die Trennung der entsprechenden Diastereomeren und ihre Racematspaltung in die jeweiligen Enantiomeren.
ChemInform Abstract: AN ATTEMPT TO APPLY LETHAL SYNTHESIS TO THE DESIGN OF CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS. FLUORINATED 5β‐(HYDROXYETHYL)‐4‐METHYLTHIAZOLES
Authors: ARCHER S. , PERIANAYAGAM C.
Published: April 2016

Das Lacton (I) wird zur Verbindung (II) chloriert, deren Spaltung und anschließende Cyclisierung mit Thioharnstoff das Amino‐methyl‐thiazol (IV) ergibt.
ChemInform Abstract: ANTIALLERGY AGENTS. 1. 1,6‐DIHYDRO‐6‐OXO‐2‐PHENYLPYRIMIDINE‐5‐CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND ESTERS
Authors: JUBY P. F. , HUDYMA T. W. , BROWN M. , ESSERY J. M. , PARTYKA R. A.
Published: April 2016

Auf den im Formelschema" angedeuteten Wegen werden einige Py‐rimidincarbonsäuren‐ und ‐ester dargestellt und auf antiallergische Wirkung im PCA‐Versuch an Ratten geprüft.
ChemInform Abstract: ORGANOSILICON CHEMISTRY. PART 23. SOME SILYLCOBALT(III) COMPLEXES AND THE HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSIS OF DEUTERATION, HYDROSILYLATION, AND O‐SILYLATION REACTIONS
Authors: ARCHER N. J. , HASZELDINE R. N. , PARISH R. V.
Published: April 2016

Die Komplexe (I) reagieren mit den tert. Silanen (II) zu den neuen luftempfindlichen Silylcobalt(III)‐Komplexen (III), die IR‐ und NMR‐spektroskopisch charakterisiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: OPTICALLY ACTIVE TRIS(DITHIOCARBAMATO)COBALT(III) CHELATES. PREPARATION AND ASSIGNMENT OF ABSOLUTE CONFIGURATION
Authors: GAHAN L. R. , HUGHES J. G. , O'CONNOR M. J. , OLIVER P. J.
Published: April 2016

Die optisch aktiven Komplexe (I) wurden durch Liganden‐Austauschreaktionen der optisch aktiven 1:1‐Cobaltat‐Komplexe von EDTA, 1,2‐Propandiamintetraessigsäure und Ethylendiamindibernsteinsäure mit den Na‐Salzen des entsprechenden Dithiocarbarnats in Wasser oder einer Wasser‐Aceton.
ChemInform Abstract: MASS SPECTROMETRIC INVESTIGATION OF REACTION BETWEEN TUNGSTEN AND BROMINE AT HIGH TEMPERATURE
Authors: POPOVIC A. , MARSEL J. , KAPOSI O.
Published: April 2016

Wie Untersuchungen im Temp.‐Bereich 1000‐1500 K mit Hilfe einer Knudsen‐Doppelzelle in Verbindung mit einem Massenspektrometer zeigen, liefert die heterogene Titelreaktion A im Druckbereich 6‐50 Torr ausschließlich WBr4, während bei höheren Drücken in einer sekundären Gasphasenreaktion B W2Br6 gebildet wird.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOCHEMICALLY RIGID SEVEN‐COORDINATE COMPLEXES. SYNTHESIS, STRUCTURE, AND DYNAMIC STEREOCHEMISTRY OF CHLOROTRIS(N,N‐DIALKYLMONOTHIOCARBAMATO)TITANIUM(IV) COMPLEXES
Authors: HAWTHORNE S. L. , FAY R. C.
Published: April 2016

Die pentagonal‐bipyramidalen Titelkomplexe (I) erhält man durch Reaktion von TiCl4 mit stöchiometrischen Mengen der entsprechenden Na‐monothiocarbamate in Dichlormethan oder Benzol.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS AT THE RHODIUM VERTEX OF A RHODACARBORANE CLUSTER. PREPARATION, CRYSTAL AND SOLUTION STRUCTURE, AND REACTIONS OF 3,3‐(PH3P)2‐3‐(HSO4)‐3,1,2‐RHC2B9H11.CNTDOT.O(C2H5)2
Authors: KALB W. C. , TELLER R. G. , HAWTHORNE M. F.
Published: April 2016

Das Hydridorhodacarboran (I) reagiert mit H2SO4 in Dichlormethan unter H2‐Entwicklung zum Titelkomplex (II), dem ersten Metallocarboran mit einer Metall‐Sauerstoffbindung.
ChemInform Abstract: UNSATURATED CARBONYL‐CONTAINING COMPOUNDS. XXVII. NUCLEOPHILIC ADDITION OF VICINAL TRIAZOLES AND TETRAZOLES TO α‐ACETYLENE KETONES
Authors: VERESHCHAGIN L. I. , TIKHONOVA L. G. , MAKSIKOVA A. V. , BUZILOVA S. R. , SHUL'GINA V. M. , PROIDAKOV A. G.
Published: April 2016

Basenkatalysierte Additionen der Triazole (II) oder der Tetrazole (V) an die Ketoacetylene (I) bzw. (IV) liefern 1:1‐Addukte (III) und (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF 4,6‐DIHYDROXYPYRIMIDINES WITH BISULFITE ION. I. STRUCTURE OF PRODUCTS AND EQUILIBRIUM OF REVERSIBLE ADDITION
Authors: KHEIFETS G. M.
Published: April 2016

Die Gleichgewichtskonstanten der Adduktbildung werden UV‐spektrometrisch bestimmt; die Bisulfit‐Addition wird durch Substituenten in 2‐ und 5‐Stellung des Pyrimidinringes erschwert.
ChemInform Abstract: ENZYMES IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS. 16. HETEROCYCLIC KETONES AS SUBSTRATES OF HORSE E LIVER ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE. STEREOSPECIFIC REDUCTIONS OF 2‐SUBSTITUTED TETRAHYDROTHIOPYRAN‐4‐ONES
Authors: DAVIES J. , JONES J. B.
Published: April 2016

Ausgehend vom Diester (I) werden über das ketalisierte Cyclisierungsprodukt (IIa) und dessen Chlorierungsprodukt (IIb) durch nachfolgende Grignardreaktion die racemischen Thiopyranone (IV) dargestellt, deren stereoselektiv Reduktion mittels Pferdeleber‐Dehydrogenase (HLADH) unter Bildung der Produkte (V), (VI) und (VII) untersucht wird.
ChemInform Abstract: REDUCTION‐ELIMINATION OF SOME VICINAL CYCLOALKYL CYANOHYDRIN DERIVATIVES. STEREOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF CYCLOALKENES
Authors: MARSHALL J. A. , KARAS L. J. , ROYCE R. D. JUN.
Published: April 2016

2‐Cyano‐2‐methyl‐cycloalkanone (Ia) und (Ib) liefern die entsprechenden Reduktionsprodukte (II) und (III), aus denen die Cycloalkene (IV) erhalten werden.
ChemInform Abstract: A CONVENIENT SYNTHESIS OF ARYL VINYL ETHERS BY USE OF TETRABUTYLAMMONIUM HYDROGEN SULFATE
Authors: MIZUNI K. , KIMURA Y. , OTSUJI Y.
Published: April 2016

2‐Halogenethyl‐phenylether (I) werden mit Natriumhydroxid im Zweiphasensystem Benzol/Wasser in Gegenwart von Tetrabutylammonium‐hydrogensulfat nahezu quantitativ zu Vinylethern (II) dehydrohalogeniert.
ChemInform Abstract: NOVEL SYNTHESIS OF 3‐THIENYLACETONITRILE BASED ON THE PHOTOSTIMULATED REACTION OF 3‐BROMOTHIOPHENE WITH CYANOMETHYL ANION
Authors: GOL'DFARB YA. L. , YAKUBOV A. P. , BELEN'KII L. I.
Published: April 2016

3‐Bromthiophen (II) und auch das bei einer Behandlung mit Natriumamid in flüssigem Ammoniak in dieses übergehende 2‐Bromthiophen (I) reagieren mit dem Cyanmethylanion zum Thienylacetonitril (III) und in geringeren Ausbeuten zum Bis‐thienylethan (IV).