bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Paradoxes of Gender and Ritual in Turkish Romani: An Ethnographic Analysis
Authors:   Ankara University, Ozkan A.R.
Published: January 2025

This ethnographic study explores the complex interplay between gender roles and rituals within Turkish Romani marriage practices. The research investigates how Romani girls are socialized into womanhood, em-phasizing the cultural expectations and responsibilities placed upon them from a young age. The study high-lights the separation of girls from boys as they approach adolescence, signifying their preparation for future marriages. It examines the restrictions placed upon young women, including limited mobility and social in-teraction with men outside the family unit. Paradoxically, the study reveals how Romani women, despite their restricted social roles, play a crucial economic role in the family. They contribute significantly through vari-ous occupations like daily labor, cleaning, fortune-telling, and flower selling. However, the patriarchal struc-ture of the family deems them subordinate, viewing them as property acquired through monetary transactions. The ability to bear sons holds significant weight, as it is seen as a defining aspect of womanhood within the Romani community. The study delves into the importance of childbirth and motherhood, emphasizing the centrality of the “puri dai” rituals, signifying a woman's commitment to upholding traditional practices. By examining these gendered rituals and expectations within Romani marriage customs, the study contributes to a deeper understanding of the multifaceted role of women in Turkish Romani society.
Compostos bioativos e ácidos orgânicos com liberação intestinal no desempenho de frangos de corte desafiados com Clostridium perfringens
Authors: Ornaghi Mariana Garcia , Tellini Caio , Berto Rafaela , Castilho Ricardo Araújo , Prado Ivanor Nunes do
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a blend of bioactive compounds and organic acids with targeted release, at different dosages (150, 300, and 450 g/t), on the diet of broiler chickens, compared to the use of Enramycin. The birds were subjected to a microbial challenge through oral inoculation with Clostridium perfringens on days 12, 13, 14, and 15 of age, with a dose of 0.5 mL and a concentration of 1.0 x 10⁸ CFU/mL. Feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio were assessed during the phases of 1-7 days, 1-14 days, 1-21 days, 1-28 days, 1-35 days and 1-42 days. Results indicated that total feed intake and live weight were higher (P < 0.001) for the control group (without challenge) and similar (no significant differences) to the treatment with 300 g/t of Avinatus® M300 at up to 35 days of age. At 42 days, the final live weight did not differ significantly among treatments (P > 0.05). Among treatments with enramycin and Avinatus® M300 at dosages of 150 and 450 g/t, no significant differences (P > 0.001) were observed in live weight. In the first week, the feed conversion ratio was better (P < 0.001) for the control group while, from the second to the sixth week, feed conversion ratio was similar (P > 0.001) across all treatments. By the end of the experiment, broilers fed with enramycin and Avinatus® M300 at a dosage of 150 g/t showed better feed conversion compared to the control group. It was concluded that Avinatus® M300 is effective in improving the animal performance of broilers under enteric challenge, making it a viable alternative to antibiotics as growth promoters.
Guided imagery therapy for reducing hypertension in adolescents
Authors: Setiawan Rosieta Anindya , Priyo Priyo , Priyanto Sigit
Published: January 2025

Hypertension care in nursing involves a comprehensive approach to managing and reducing high blood pressure in patients. Guided imagery is an effective complementary therapy in hypertension care. However, studies exploring the benefits of this therapy for patients living with hypertension are limited. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of guided imagery in reducing hypertension. Using a descriptive case study approach, the study focused on a hypertensive female adolescent. Factors such as obesity, family history of hypertension, high salt consumption, and limited knowledge were identified as contributors to hypertension in adolescents. Non-pharmacological therapies like guided imagery can be used alongside pharmacological treatments to manage hypertension in this population. Community nurses are encouraged to incorporate guided imagery therapy to alleviate symptoms of hypertension and enhance overall patient care.
Keywords: Hypertension; community nursing; guided imagery; non-pharmacological therapy; adults nursing
Trends in the initial management of severe preeclampsia and eclampsia in Indonesia: A medical record study (2018–2021)
Authors: Pratiwi Ratih , Indriyani Indriyani , Putra Raga Tetra
Published: January 2025

Hypertension during pregnancy, particularly preeclampsia and eclampsia, is a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. Timely and appropriate management is crucial in preventing serious complications, including maternal death. This study aimed to describe the initial management of severe preeclampsia and eclampsia at RS PKU Muhammadiyah Palembang, Indonesia, during the period 2018–2021. This descriptive study employed a cross-sectional design. A total of 110 cases were randomly selected from medical records of patients diagnosed with severe preeclampsia and eclampsia. Data were analyzed based on the POGI 2016 guidelines. Among the 110 cases, 108 (98%) were diagnosed with severe preeclampsia, while 2 (2%) were cases of eclampsia. Of these, 65 patients (60.2%) received management that adhered to the POGI guidelines, whereas 43 patients (39.8%) did not. Both cases of eclampsia were managed in full compliance with the guidelines (100%). This study highlights that while the initial management of severe preeclampsia and eclampsia generally aligns with established standards, there remains room for improvement in procedural adherence. To further reduce maternal morbidity and mortality associated with these conditions, it is recommended that the hospital strengthen efforts to ensure full compliance with clinical guidelines.
Keywords: Eclampsia; hypertension; initial treatment; mortality prevention; preeclampsia
A case report of knee meniscal tear due to combat sports injuries
Authors: Masitha Siti , Fatmarizka Tiara , Abdurrasyid Abdurrasyid
Published: January 2025

A knee meniscus tear is a sports injury that commonly occurs due to sudden twisting movements. This condition causes various levels of musculoskeletal pain. This case report aimed to evaluate exercise therapy to reduce pain in patients with lateral meniscus tears. We presented a 26 years old female patient diagnosed with a lateral, medial meniscus tear and left lateral meniscus tear due to a combat sports injury. Physiotherapy interventions were given in ice packs, Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS), and Ultrasound (US) to reduce pain. Our study concluded that physiotherapeutic intervention reduced the pain due to the integument rupture and vice versa, increasing the range of motion and thigh muscle strength.
Keywords: Pain management; case report; physiotherapy; healthcare professionals; innovation in musculoskeletal care
APPLICATION OF INNOVATIVE MATERIALS IN MODERN HYDROTECHNICAL ENGINEERING
Authors:   Odesa National Maritime University, Khoneliia N.N. , Bugaeva S.V. ,   Odesa National Maritime University, Lopatin K.O. ,   Odesa National Maritime University
Published: January 2025

When designing of berthing structures (quay walls), the determination of the pressure of reinforced backfill soil plays an important role. The ability of berthing structures to withstand loads depends on many factors, including their age, mode of operation, changes in the characteristics of construction materials, soil bases over time and others. In some cases, the ability to withstand loads decreases significantly over time, while in other cases it increases significantly. Sometimes, the ability of the structure to withstand loads increases during the first period of operation, and then decreases. In some cases, on the contrary, it decreases in the initial period, but then increases. Therefore, it is not possible to establish the actual value of the bearing capacity of structures only theoretically due to the lack of information about the technical condition at this stage of operation, as well as the difficulty of identifying the actual picture of the interaction between the structure and the grounded medium. This task can be solved through experimental and theoretical studies.
It is essential to investigate the stages of development and market introduction of innovative materials in the field of hydraulic engineering, to justify the possibility of increasing the reliability and the load-bearing capacity of corner-type structures with a buttress during reconstruction with the use of geotextile materials. These structures were built in the past and require modernization and reconstruction. The issue of reconstruction of corner-type structures with a buttress is relevant for Ukraine ports. Currently, there are no unequivocal methods of determining the effectiveness of berths reconstruction due to the complexity of the task given to the number of variables.
The article describes the determination methods of the reinforcement effect by geotextile material; developed models taking into account not only the structure and characteristics of the geotextile materials but also its location in the ground mass. Therefore, the model considers both the parameters of the backfill soil and the geomaterial characteristics and the depth of their embedment.
CONSTRUCTION MORTAR BASED ON MECHANOACTIVATED PORTLAND CEMENT WITH THE ADDITION OF GROUND LIMESTONE
Authors:   Odesa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Barabash I.V. , Gorbovyі O.L. ,   Odesa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Published: January 2025

In the practice of production of building solutions, cements with the use of mineral additives and, in particular, ground limestone are widely used. Technologically, such mixed cements can be obtained both by compatible grinding of Portland cement clinker, dihydrate gypsum and limestone additive, and by thorough mixing of Portland cement with ground limestone. A promising method for improving the mechanical characteristics of building solutions is intensive mechanic-chemical activation of mixed cements in high-speed turbulent mixers. The issues considered in the article related to determining the influence of recipe and technological factors on the strength of building mortar at the age of 3, 7 and 28 days were investigated. The compressive strength of samples made from a mixture solution on both a mechanically activated binder and a binder of similar composition, but which was not subject to mechanical activation, was studied. The experimental studies were carried out using the D-optimal mathematical plan with variation of the following factors: X1 – the ratio of the mass of the mixed binder to the mass of unground quartz sand in the construction mortar (from 1:3 to 1:1); X2 – ground limestone content in the mixed binder (20 ± 20 %); X3 – consumption of the superplasticizing additive Relaxol-Super PC (0.5 ± 0.5 % of the binder weight). The obtained mathematical models indicate that the maximum effect (of the listed factors) on the strength of the mortar is exerted by the content of the mechanically activated binder in it. An increase in its consumption in the composition of the mortar mix causes an increase in the strength of the mortar at the age of 3 days from 24 to 40.5 MPa, i.e. by almost 70 %. At the age of 28 days, the effect of the consumption of the activated mixed binder on the strength of the mortar is somewhat reduced and does not exceed 60 %. The next factors influencing the strength of the mortar are the consumption of superplasticizer and the percentage of ground limestone. The combined effect of mechanochemical activation in the presence of 1 % Relaxol-Super PC allows the introduction of up to 40 % ground limestone into Portland cement, while providing the same compressive strength of the mortar as when using non-mechanically activated Portland cement, but without the addition of ground limestone.
Molecular Crossroads: An Expansive Review of Oxytocin’s Impact on SIRT1 Activation and Implications for Health
Authors: Ueda Yuki
Published: January 2025

Oxytocin, once known for its role in social bonding and reproduction, now reveals multifunctionality with profound effects on health. This paper explores the interplay between oxytocin and SIRT1, a key regulator of cellular health, shedding light on their combined impact on well-being. Oxytocin and SIRT1’s roles in the body are introduced, with the former influencing maternal behavior, social bonding, and emotional regulation, while the latter orchestrates essential cellular processes like DNA repair and metabolism. Through a thorough analysis of existing research, the review delves into the molecular mechanisms through which oxytocin influences SIRT1 activation and expression, fine-tuning cellular functions through downstream signaling cascades. The impact of oxytocin-induced SIRT1 activation on various aspects of health is central to the discussion. From neuroprotection to cardiovascular health and immune modulation, the review highlights the far-reaching implications of this molecular crossroads on overall well-being. Potential therapeutic applications of targeting the oxytocin-SIRT1 axis are also explored, emphasizing its promise in treating diverse health conditions. While valuable insights are gleaned from existing knowledge, the review identifies research gaps and outlines future perspectives. Further investigations are needed to fully understand the interactions between oxytocin and SIRT1, unlocking potential for novel medical interventions. In conclusion, this review establishes the significance of the molecular crossroads formed by oxytocin and SIRT1 in influencing human health. Their intertwining opens new avenues for scientific exploration and therapeutic advancements, holding promise for enhancing human well-being and combating various diseases.
Evaluation of Changes in Hemorheological Variables in Multiple Sclerosis Patients
Authors: Yaseliani Mahdi , Moghadasi Abdolreaza Naser , Sahraian Mohammad Ali , Karimi Mehrdad , Alizadeh Vaghasloo Mahdi , Rezaeizadeh Hossein
Published: January 2025

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative condition primarily attributed to immune system dysregulation. However, emerging evidence suggests that additional factors, such as neurodegeneration independent of immune processes, may also contribute to MS pathology. Given the significant cerebral hypoperfusion observed in MS patients from the early to advanced stages of the disease, investigating hemorheology or blood rheology, which involves studying blood flow properties and plasma protein compounds, can contribute to understanding the underlying pathology of MS. This study aims to evaluate changes in hemorheological variables in MS patients, which may offer a better understanding of the disease’s progression and its impact on blood flow dynamics. Materials and Methods: In this study, we assessed the modifications in key factors impacting hemorheology in articles related to MS. Some keywords including MS, Blood Viscosity, Hemorheology, and brain perfusion were searched in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. The searches were limited to studies published in English languages from 2000 to 2023. Results: Among the 110 articles found in the search, finally, 35 articles were included in the review. In some studies, patients with MS were examined for rheological blood properties and demonstrated an appreciable increase in blood viscosity. Furthermore, declines in cerebral blood volume and cerebral blood flow in MS are linked to the deterioration of physical disability. In our investigation, we focused on the key factors influencing hemorheology and examined their variations in the articles about patients with MS. Conclusion: The reduction of tissue blood perfusion caused by changes in blood hemorheology can be considered as one of the causes of the development or exacerbation of MS, but to estimate hemorheological changes in MS, we need to conduct more detailed studies on humans, which we hope will provide new solutions for the therapists of this disease.
Growth Factors, Signaling Pathways and other Biochemical Markers effect on Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) Suppression in Uterine Fibroids (Leiomyomas); A Systematic Review
Authors: Movahed Fatemeh , Taghlidi Shiva , Abbasi Sheida , Asadi Fatemeh
Published: January 2025

Among human malignancies, uterine fibroids (UF) rank high in frequency and severity of symptoms. Vitamins, mutant genes, growth factors, microRNAs, steroid signaling pathways, and a host of other substances can influence UF. This study set out to compile the effects of various agents, such as growth factors and signaling pathways, on nucleotide excision repair (NER) in uterine fibroids. For this review, the PRISMA guidelines were followed. The following search phrases were utilized in the PubMed, Ovid, and Cochrane Library databases: “fibroid, leiomyomata, leiomyoma, TGF-*, vitamin D, RACK 1, WNT, miR, mutant gene.” Every study, in vitro, in vivo, and clinical, was also taken into account. From January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2023, we looked for any proceedings published by the Pacific Coast Fertility Society, SGI,American Society for Reproductive Medicine, Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists, ASRM, or ASRM. Relevance was determined by looking at titles first, and then abstracts. Full reports included an assessment of all citations that could be relevant. From the original pool of 990 studies, 24 were included in the data analysis. Methods, steroid signaling, growth factors, microRNAs, vitamins, and mutant genes were the main categories into which studies were subdivided. Proliferation of cells and an excess of disordered extracellular matrix (ECM) were identified as hallmarks of uterine leiomyomas. This pair of activities is carefully controlled by a network of signaling pathways. Furthermore, future research should employ current procedures consistently in order to conduct meta-analysis on the results. This will greatly assist in developing treatment protocols.
Canine Tooth Position and its Relationship with the Perpendicular Line to the Nasal Ala in an Iranian Population
Authors: Zahedi Zeinab , Shayegh Sayed Shojaedin , Sherafatmand Yasaman , Bafandeh Mohammad Amin
Published: January 2025

Background: Position of anterior teeth is an important step in smile design and fabrication of full dentures. This study aimed to assess the canine tooth position and its relationship with the line drawn perpendicular to the nasal ala in an Iranian population. Materials and Method: This analytical epidemiological field study was conducted on 100 males and 100 females presenting to the dental clinic of Shahed Dental School in June 2023. Digital photographs were obtained from the patients under standardized conditions. Reference lines were drawn perpendicular to the nasal alae and continued down to the lower lip (AI lines). The distance from the canine cusp tip (AICT) and distal contact point of the canine tooth (AICD) to the AI line was measured bilaterally using Digimizer software version 6. Data were analyzed by t-test (alpha=0.05). Results: The AICT and AICD were significantly larger than zero in both males and females (P<0.05). The mean AICT and AICD in males were larger than those in females by 2-2.5 mm. No significant difference was found in the right and left canine position, neither in males nor in females (P>0.05). Conclusion: According to the results, the AI line and gender both affected the canine position in the study population, and therefore, should be taken into account in designing an esthetically pleasant denture. Canine position properly determined for one side may be used for the other side as well since no significant difference was found in the right and left canine position.
Stress Level of General Dentists and Pedodontists in Dental Treatment of Pediatric Patients
Authors: Meshki Razie , Salehian Niloofar , Tehrani Sahar
Published: January 2025

Background: This study aimed to assess the stress level of general dentists and pedodontists in dental treatment of pediatric patients. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 101 general dentists and 93 pedodontists who were selected from different provinces of Iran by stratified random sampling. A researcher-designed questionnaire was used for data collection, which included four sections of demographics, trait stress, functional stress, and attitude towards the efficacy of behavioral control measures for pediatric dental patients. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, Bonferroni test, Chi-square test, and independent t-test. Results: The mean age of the participants was 37.93 years. The participants reported the highest level of stress during administration of an inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) Block for anxious children, and the lowest stress during cavity preparation for an amalgam restoration of a mandibular tooth. In all procedures, pedodontists reported lower stress level than general dentists; except for the Distraction technique, Modeling technique, presence of child’s parents, and examination of child (P>0.05). The stress level of males was lower than females during administration of an IAN Block (P<0.05). The highest efficacy score was given to the Tell-Show-Do technique and the lowest score was allocated to the hand-over-mouth technique. The attitude of pedodontists was more positive than general dentists regarding the efficacy of behavioral control techniques. Conclusion: The results showed that administration of an IAN block for an anxious child was the most stressful procedure for both general dentists and pedodontists. The stress level of pedodontists was generally lower than that of general dentists in all procedures.
Effect of Photobiomodulation with 980nm Diode Laser and Vitamin D on Proliferation and Osteoblastic Differentiation of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells
Authors: Moussavi Jahanabadi Seyed Amir Hossein , Taleghani Ferial , Tehranchi Maryam , Hakimiha Neda , Hodjat Mahshid , Saberi Haghighi Raman
Published: January 2025

Background: It has been established that periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) have a significant impact on restoration of periodontal tissues, and optimizing their differentiation into osteoblast is critical to improving clinical outcomes in periodontal regeneration. Different non-invasive method, including photobiomodulation (PBM) and vitamin D supplementation, hold potential for enhancing Osteoblastic Differentiation. the present work aimed at investigating the synergic impact of PBM by the use of a 980 nm diode laser and vitamin D on the osteogenic differentiation and cell viability of PDLSCs. Materials and Methods: Cultured PDLSCs were separated into six groups: 1. Control (no treatment), 2. Vitamin D, 3. PBM at 2 J/cm², 4. PBM at 2 J/cm² with Vitamin D (VD- 2 J/cm²), 5. PBM at 4 J/cm², and 6. PBM at 4 J/cm² with Vitamin D (VD- 4 J/cm²). We evaluated cell viability using the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay at 24 and 72 hours post-irradiation. For the osteogenic differentiation assessment, we measured expression of osteogenic genes, including Runt-related transcription factor 2(RUNX2), Osteocalcin (OCN), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and Osteopontin(OPN), through quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Additionally, Alizarin red staining was utilized for detecting calcification. Results: All study groups demonstrated enhanced viability in comparison with the control at both time intervals, with the exception of the vitamin D group at 72 hours. The PBM (4 J/cm²) and VD-2 J/cm² groups exhibited the highest levels of cell viability, respectively. All study groups exhibited increased expression of osteogenic genes in comparison with control group. The largest values were associated with groups that included both vitamin D and PBM. The calcification rate was markedly elevated in the VD-2 J/cm², VD-4 J/cm², and VD+OM groups, respectively. Conclusion: The integration of photobiomodulation with vitamin D has been shown to improve mineralization and accelerate the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs, resulting in a synergistic effect.
In Vitro Investigation of the Effect of Silanizing on the Repaired Bond Strength of Short-Fiber Composites Subjected to Surface Treatment with an Er;Cr:YSGG Laser, Sandblasting, or Bur
Authors: Zakavi Faramarz , Mohamadi Nasrin , Kaviani Azita
Published: January 2025

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of various interfacial surface treatments on the repair micro shear bond strength (μSBS) of aged short fiber-reinforced composite (SFRC). Methods and Materials: The substrate and repair composite material used in the fabrication of eighty samples were SFRC (Ever-X posterior, GC). Based on the mechanical roughening method, the samples were divided into four categories: diamond bur, sandblasting, laser treatment, and a control group. Then, they were split into two groups using the chemical conditioning method: those using a universal glue that contains silane and those using a separate silane step before the universal adhesive that contains silane. After 40 days of immersion in distilled water at 37°C, the specimens were removed. Universal testing equipment was used to implement SBS testing. Using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), the surface topography of the composite material was examined after the roughening procedures. Results: Although the laser group had the highest μSBS value, there was no statistically significant difference in μSBS across the groups (P > 0.05). The results for μSBS were also not significantly different when using universal adhesive with or without an extra silanizing step (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results, the other groups' μSBS values were lower than those of the laser group. Incorporating a distinct silanization process before applying the universal adhesive that contained silane did not improve the μSBS either.
Temporary Anchorage Devices in Combined Treatments: Bridging Orthodontics and Prosthetics
Authors: Nastarin Parastou , Sharifi Reza , Hosenzadegan Mortaza , Gharouni Mahya , Habibkhodaei Maliheh
Published: January 2025

Temporary Anchorage Devices (TADs) have become a cornerstone in modern orthodontics and prosthetic dentistry, offering reliable skeletal anchorage that enhances treatment precision and flexibility. This review explores the application of TADs in combined orthodontic-prosthetic treatments, emphasizing their growing significance in interdisciplinary care. This review aims to assess the role of TADs in addressing complex treatments that involve both orthodontic tooth movement and prosthetic restoration, while also examining their clinical effectiveness, treatment protocols, and anticipated innovations. TADs have revolutionized orthodontic treatments by providing stable anchorage for space closure, distalization, and intrusion, which would otherwise be challenging with traditional methods. They are increasingly utilized in prosthetic dentistry, particularly in cases involving edentulous spaces or insufficient bone support, where they provide temporary anchorage until permanent solutions, such as implants, can be placed. Several case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of TADs in aligning teeth and supporting prosthetic devices, highlighting their ability to streamline treatment and improve both functional and aesthetic outcomes. Technological advancements, such as 3D printing and digital planning tools, are improving the precision of TAD placement. Concurrently, innovations in biomaterials, like bioactive coatings, are enhancing osseointegration and reducing the risk of complications. As these technologies evolve, TADs are expected to become an integral part of fully digital treatment workflows, further improving outcomes in interdisciplinary cases. TADs serve as a critical tool in bridging orthodontics and prosthetics, providing enhanced control and versatility in complex treatments. Future research will likely focus on improving their design and expanding their applications, ensuring they remain a pivotal component of modern dental care.
The Impact of Systemic Drug Therapies (Bisphosphonates and Immunosuppressants) on Dental Implant Success: A clinical review
Authors: Eisa Aldabeab Khalid , Alsuwaiyan Asim
Published: January 2025

Under normal physiological conditions, dental implants are a reliable and effective choice for tooth replacement with high success rates. However, compromised implant success is more closely related to systemic drug therapies like bisphosphonates and immunosuppressants used in patients. This review aims to identify key patterns of implant success and complications among patients undergoing long-term systemic drug therapy and provide clinical recommendations for optimizing outcomes. Bisphosphonates, especially in their intravenous (IV) forms, inhibit osteoclast activity and decrease bone turnover, which may negatively impact osseointegration and increase the incidence of osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ). Immunosuppressants are commonly associated with delayed wound healing and a higher risk of infection, complicating implant osseointegration due to their effect on the immune response. Clinicians must adopt personalized approaches to prevent complications in this patient population. Moreover, future studies should aim to explore the long-term effects of systemic drug therapies, particularly regarding dosages, treatment durations, combinations, and newer medications, while investigating drug interactions and dose-response relationships to provide more specific guidelines for clinicians on implant outcomes.
Efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma and Platelet-Rich Fibrin in Enhancing Dental Implant Osseointegration
Authors: Taghizadeh Emad , Negargar Sahar , Noorizadeh Sara , Mirmohammadi Seyed Mohammad Mahdi , Salmani Zahra
Published: January 2025

The successful integration of dental implants relies on osseointegration, a process essential for implant stability and longevity. Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) and Platelet-Rich Fibrin (PRF) have gained attention as biological enhancers for this process due to their high concentrations of growth factors that promote bone regeneration and accelerate healing. This review assesses the efficacy of PRP and PRF in enhancing osseointegration by exploring their biological mechanisms, clinical applications, and advantages for patients with compromised bone or healing potential. Literature indicates that PRP and PRF can improve initial implant stability and accelerate healing.PRP’s platelet-derived growth factors (e.g., PDGF, TGF-β, VEGF) stimulate cellular proliferation and angiogenesis, critical for early bone healing. PRF’s fibrin-rich matrix provides a sustained release of these factors, supporting prolonged tissue regeneration and soft tissue repair. However, challenges remain, including variability in preparation methods and limited long-term data, underscoring the need for standardized protocols and further research. In conclusion, PRP and PRF demonstrate promise as adjuncts for enhancing dental implant osseointegration, particularly in complex cases. With more evidence and established protocols, they have the potential to become standard tools in implant dentistry, offering improved outcomes and greater predictability in patient care.
Advancing Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine
Authors: Sajedi Seyed Masoud
Published: January 2025

Dear Readers,
 
It is with great excitement that we present this special issue of The Galen Medical Journal, a collection that underscores the breadth and depth of contemporary research in oral and maxillofacial medicine. This issue features a remarkable array of articles, from cutting-edge studies on diagnostic imaging and innovative surgical techniques to investigations into biomaterials, regenerative therapies, and interdisciplinary treatment approaches.
The contributions to this issue reflect the diversity of challenges and opportunities in our field. Highlights include:

Emerging Technologies in Diagnosis and Treatment: Articles such as “Micro-CT evaluation of marginal and internal fit of lithium disilicate crowns” and “The role of 3D printing in customizing dental prosthetics and orthodontic appliances” showcase how technology is driving precision and personalization in dental and maxillofacial care.

Innovations in Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine: Studies like “Advances in regenerative medicine for the treatment of osteonecrosis of the jaw” and “Evaluation of a novel nanocomposite's bioactivity for use in dentistry” emphasize the potential of biomaterials to transform treatment outcomes.

Impactful Clinical and Systematic Reviews: Comprehensive reviews, including “Trends and patterns in mandible bone cancer research” and “Systematic review of the combined treatment of endo, ortho, and prosthetics in maxillary central fracture”, provide critical insights into evolving clinical practices.

Interdisciplinary and Personalized Care: Interdisciplinary approaches, as seen in articles like “Temporary Anchorage Devices (TADs) in combined treatments and Neurosurgical complications following tooth extraction”, highlight the importance of collaboration across specialties.

This issue also brings to light essential public health concerns and their clinical implications, as evidenced by studies on the “oral and dental health of patients with rheumatoid arthritis” and “the prevalence of supernumerary teeth in patients with cleft lip and palate”.
The diversity of topics reflects our commitment to fostering knowledge across the full spectrum of oral and maxillofacial research. Whether exploring advanced diagnostics, novel therapeutic modalities, or public health impacts, the articles in this issue underscore the innovative spirit and dedication of researchers in the field.
On behalf of the editorial board, I would like to extend my gratitude to the authors and reviewers who contributed their expertise and insights. This issue stands as a testament to the collective efforts of the oral and maxillofacial medical community to advance patient care and scientific understanding.
We hope that this compilation of studies will serve as a valuable resource for clinicians, researchers, and students, inspiring future investigations and fostering interdisciplinary collaborations.
Challenges in Pedicatric Orthodontics and Radilogy: Evidence from Recent Studies and Implications for Clinical Practice: A Review Article
Authors: Nakhaei Yasaman , Farahmand Faranak , Yazdanpanah Mohammad Hossein , Saeidi Tehran Nastaran , Ghaffarzade Seied Kaveh , Soleimani Sahar , Haji Abbas Oghli Farnaz
Published: January 2025

This narrative review delves into the complex challenges inherent in pediatric orthodontics and radiology, fields pivotal to the early detection, prevention, and management of dental and craniofacial developmental issues in children. Pediatric orthodontics plays a critical role as the first line of defense against malocclusions and jaw discrepancies, aiming to establish a foundation for functional, aesthetic, and lifelong oral health. Concurrently, pediatric radiology provides indispensable insights for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment monitoring, yet it raises significant ethical and safety concerns due to the sensitivity of young patients to ionizing radiation. The review highlights several core challenges: managing patient compliance in long-term orthodontic treatment, navigating the technical and ethical complexities of pediatric radiological practices, and addressing socioeconomic barriers that restrict access to necessary care. It emphasizes the need for innovative approaches in treatment and imaging techniques, such as the development and implementation of low-dose imaging protocols and non-ionizing imaging alternatives like ultrasonography and MRI, which aim to reduce the risks associated with radiation exposure.. The review concludes with a call for a judicious approach to imaging and treatment, advocating for policies that enhance accessibility to orthodontic care and radiological services, particularly for underprivileged populations. The integration of innovative technologies, coupled with a focus on preventive care and early intervention, holds the potential to significantly improve outcomes in pediatric orthodontics and radiology, ensuring better long-term oral and craniofacial health for children. This narrative review serves as a comprehensive examination of the current challenges and emerging solutions in pediatric orthodontics and radiology, emphasizing the need for ongoing research and collaboration to advance patient care and treatment methodologies in these crucial fields.
Global Geographical Disparities in Untreated Caries of Permanent Teeth
Authors: Sajedi Seyed Masoud , Moalemi Saba , Khosravi Arezou , Alimohammadi Mahshid , Khademi Seyed Saman , Rahimi Sarab Marzie , Mojarab Gholamreza , Feizi Alireza , Saleh Parsaei Mohamad
Published: January 2025

Background: Untreated dental caries in permanent teeth is a widespread public health concern. These disparities arise from complex interactions between socioeconomic, healthcare, and dietary factors, despite advancements in dental care and prevention strategies. This study aims to analyze global geographical disparities in untreated dental caries of permanent teeth and identify key systemic factors influencing its prevalence, such as dentist density, affordability of fluoride toothpaste, sugar consumption, and healthcare expenditure. Materials and Methods: An ecological study design was utilized, incorporating country-level data from the World Health Organization and related databases. Descriptive analyses, chi-square tests, and multiple linear regression models were employed to explore associations between untreated caries prevalence and independent variables. Sensitivity analyses addressed data outliers and regional variability. Results: The prevalence of untreated caries ranged from 22.8% to 49.5%, with a mean of 32.4% ± 4.8%. Dentist density was a statistically significant predictor (P = 0.014), with higher density associated with increased caries prevalence, suggesting underlying systemic inefficiencies. Other factors, such as sugar consumption and affordability of fluoride toothpaste, showed weak or nonsignificant associations. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these findings, highlighting notable regional disparities and indirect influences on caries outcomes. Conclusion: Geographical disparities in untreated caries prevalence are driven by systemic factors, with evidence pointing to inefficiencies in the distribution and accessibility of oral healthcare resources. These findings emphasize the need for targeted public health policies that address regional inequities, improve preventive care access, and account for broader socioeconomic determinants.
Comparative Effects of Liquid and Solid Concentrated Growth Factors, and Injectable and Advanced Platelet-Rich Fibrin on Proliferation and Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells
Authors: Talebi Ardakani Mohammadreza , Noorizadeh Sarah , Talebi Mohammad Hossein , Talebi Amir , Azadi Hossein Abad Alireza
Published: January 2025

Background: This study compared the effects of liquid (L-CGF) and solid (S-CGF) concentrated growth factors, and injectable (I-PRF) and advanced (A-PRF) platelet-rich fibrin on the proliferation and differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected to prepare A-PRF, I-PRF, L-CGF, and S-CGF according to the standard protocols. DPSCs were exposed to the biomaterials, and their proliferation was quantified after 24 hours and 5 days using the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Cell differentiation was histologically assessed by Alizarin red staining. Expression of osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN), and RUNX2 genes was assessed in non-osteogenic medium, and osteogenic medium after 7 and 14 days by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: The mean cell proliferation was not significantly different among the study groups (P=0.324) and did not significantly change over time (P=0.346). S-CGF, L-CGF, and A-PRF showed a significant difference in OCN expression (P<0.001). The mean expression of OCN at 7 days was significantly lower in non-osteogenic medium. The mean expression of OCN and OPN at 7 days was significantly lower than 14 days. The mean expression of OPN at different time points was significantly different in A-PRF (P<0.002), L-CGF (P<0.003), and I-PRF (P<0.003) groups. The mean expression of RUNX2 was significantly different at different times in L-CGF group, and a significant difference existed in the expression of RUNX2 in non-osteogenic medium and at 14 days. Conclusion: Within the limitations of the present study, the results showed that A-PRF, I-PRF, L-CGF, and S-CGF can increase the proliferation and differentiation of human DPSCs by regulating gene expression, and can be suitable options for osteogenesis. There was no significant difference in terms of mean cell proliferation among the study groups.
Congenital disorders of glycosylation type 1A associated with cerebral hemorrhagic infarction: illustrative case
Authors: Nomura Yu , Morita Takahiro , Ueno Kota , Watanabe Ryota , Katagai Takeshi , Asano Kenichiro , Saito Atsushi
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

Cases of congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDGs) are rare, and the occurrence of hemorrhagic infarction is also rare. The etiology is unclear.

OBSERVATIONS

A 3-year-old Asian boy with CDG type 1A was hospitalized with pneumonia. Consciousness disturbance and hemiplegia appeared after high fever and were associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation. Magnetic resonance (MR) images showed subcortical hemorrhagic infarction due to anterior superior sagittal sinus occlusion. Follow-up computed tomography revealed the enlargement of a right frontal lobe hematoma with a midline shift. The authors performed emergency craniotomy for hematoma evacuation. The postoperative course was favorable, with improvements in consciousness and hemiplegia.

Patients with CDG type 1A have various types of coagulation disorders and sometimes develop several thrombotic and bleeding events; however, there has only been one reported case of CDG with concomitant intracranial hemorrhagic infarction. The authors detected sinus thrombosis on MR images for the first time in a patient with CDG.

LESSONS

In patients with CDGs, abnormalities in the coagulation-fibrinolysis system can cause various neurological symptoms, such as intracranial bleeding, cerebral ischemia, and stroke-like episodes. In Asian infants with suspected cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, it is advisable to conduct examinations that include imaging modalities, such as MR venography and/or contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging, to confirm complications.

https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE23729
ELECTRONIC AND SENSOR PROPERTIES OF FURANPYRROLE COPOLYMER FOR DETECTING INH DRUG: A DFT STUDY
Authors: Sharma Swati , Srivastava Anurag , Kathal Rachana , Srivastava Reena
Published: January 2025

A DFT-based computational approach was employed to investigate the sensing capabilities of furan-pyrrole copolymer for selective Isoniazid (INH) drug detection. The structural and electronic properties of the synthesized copolymer were optimized to evaluate its potential as a sensor material. Quantum chemical calculations revealed favorable electronic properties with a HOMO-LUMO gap of 1.58 eV, indicating high conductivity and chemical stability. The molecular energy spectrum analysis demonstrated strong binding interactions between the copolymer and INH molecules, with an adsorption energy of -0.65 eV, confirming efficient charge transfer mechanisms. Density of state (DOS) profiles exhibited significant electronic perturbations upon INH interaction, validating the sensing mechanism. The copolymer showed remarkable selectivity towards INH, with distinct changes in electronic characteristics and rapid recovery time, suggesting excellent reusability. These findings establish furan-pyrrole copolymer as a promising candidate for developing reliable INH detection systems, offering potential applications in pharmaceutical quality control and environmental monitoring.
Upaya Konservasi Burung Maleo (Macrocephalon maleo) Pada Sanctuary Hungayono Taman Nasional Bogani Nani Wartabone
Authors: Aliefia Shatila Diva Kahirunnisa  , Bempah Irwan
Published: January 2025

Maleo bird (Macrocephalon maleo) is one of the endemic animals found only in Sulawesi Island. The population is believed to be decreasing every year due to habitat destruction caused by the expansion of agricultural land by people and disturbance from natural predators, as well as threats such as hunting andegg collection by humans. These are the main factors that threaten the survival of Maleo Bird. A survey approach was used that involved direct observation to observe the reality and events that occurred in the field. Direct observation was conducted from 05.00 - 10.00 through a lookout tower at the Maleo Bird nesting site. In addition, an interview method was also conducted to obtain field information directly from the surrounding community who participate in managing the area. Literature study was also used to support the Hungayono Sanctuary's conservation concept in protecting Maleo Bird by maintaining its nesting habitat. The conservation program in Hungayono Sanctuary is to maintain the remaining nesting habitat by building a 'hatchery' or semi-natural hatching tank to help save the Maleo Bird eggs from predators and theft. 'Maleo Foster Parents' which offers tourists to observe the process of maleo birds laying eggs.
Structural and genetic relationship of the O-antigens of the type strains Azospirillum agricola CC-HIH038 and Azospirillum doebereinerae GSF71
Authors: Sigida E. N. , Grinev V. S. , Kokoulin M. S. , Konnova S. A. , Fedonenko Y. P.
Published: January 2025

Lipopolysaccharide was isolated from cells of the type strain of rhizobacteria Azospirillum agricola CC-HIH038Т by phenol extraction. O-specific polysaccharide was obtained by mild acid hydrolysis of lipopolysaccharide followed by chromatographic fractionation. On the basis of monosaccharide analysis, including determination of absolute configurations, 1D and 2D 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, the following structure of the O-specific polysaccharide repeating unit of A. agricola CC-HIH038T was elucidated: →3)-α-L-Rhap2Ac-(1→3)-α-L-Rhap-(1→3)-α-L-Rhap-(1→3)-β-D-GlcpNAc6Ac-(1→ , which is structurally related to A. doebereinerae GSF71T . Based on the analysis of full-genome sequencing data for strains A. agricola CC-HIH038T and A. doebereinerae GSF71T the O-specific polysaccharide biosynthesis loci were identified, which were characterized by a similar organization and a high level of gene homology, confirming the common structure of the O-antigens of these strains.
Oxythermography for exploring the thermal stability of polymer materials: a novel analytical approach
Authors: Zuev B. K. , Zaitseva A. E. , Korotkov A. S. , Filonenko V. G. , Rogovaya I. V.
Published: January 2025

The control of oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations in an airflow released from a reactor, in which a sample is heated, can be used to investigate the thermal stability of polymer materials. This approach, known as oxithermography, involves analyzing experimental data (oxithermograms), representing the variation in oxygen concentration decrease and carbon dioxide appearance in an airflow with changing temperature conditions. This method allows for monitoring the effect of fillers introduced into polymer compositions on their thermal stability. The application of oxithermography to studying oxidative thermostability is demonstrated using pure polypropylene and polypropylene with titanium dioxide admixtures as examples.