bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel Scheduling Algorithm Based on Game Theory and Multicriteria Decision Making in LTE Network
Authors: Hindia Mohammad Nour , Reza Ahmed Wasif , Noordin Kamarul Ariffin
Published: March 2015

Fourth generation wireless networks provide mobile users with high data rate and quality of services, such as Long Term Evolution (LTE), which has been developed by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). However, 3GPP is not a standardized scheduling algorithm to utilize LTE properties in smart grid applications. This paper proposes a two-level scheduling scheme composed of cooperative game theory (bankruptcy and shapely) and Technique for Order Performance by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The proposed algorithm improves resource allocation for three smart grid applications, namely, voice, video surveillance, and metering data. On the first level, bankruptcy and shapely value algorithm fairly distribute the resources among smart grid applications. On the second level, TOPSIS algorithm allocates the resources among application's users based on their criteria and the application's preferences. Moreover, the system's performance has been evaluated in terms of throughput, delay, and fairness index. The proposed algorithm is compared with existing algorithms, such as proportional fairness, modified largest weighted delay first, and exponential rule schemes. The results show a significant improvement compared to other algorithms. This paper presents a novel technique consisting of both TOPSIS and game theory algorithms to study three smart grid applications. The novel algorithm has proven to be an effective scheduling technique for smart grid applications.
Efficient Intelligent Energy Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Kiani Farzad , Amiri Ehsan , Zamani Mazdak , Khodadadi Touraj , Abdul Manaf Azizah
Published: March 2015

In wireless sensor networks energy is a very important issue because these networks consist of lowpower sensor nodes. This paper proposes a new protocol to reach energy efficiency. The protocol has a different priority in energy efficiency as reducing energy consumption in nodes, prolonging lifetime of the whole network, increasing system reliability, increasing the load balance of the network, and reducing packet delays in the network. In the new protocol is proposed an intelligent routing protocol algorithm. It is based on reinforcement learning techniques. In the first step of the protocol, a new clustering method is applied to the network and the network is established using a connected graph. Then data is transmitted using the Q-value parameter of reinforcement learning technique. The simulation results show that our protocol has improvement in different parameters such as network lifetime, packet delivery, packet delay, and network balance.
Non-Gaussian Hybrid Transfer Functions: Memorizing Mine Survivability Calculations
Authors: Ansong Mary Opokua , Huang Jun Steed , Yeboah Mary Ann , Dun Han , Yao Hongxing
Published: March 2015

Hybrid algorithms and models have received significant interest in recent years and are increasingly used to solve real-world problems. Different from existing methods in radial basis transfer function construction, this study proposes a novel nonlinear-weight hybrid algorithm involving the non-Gaussian type radial basis transfer functions. The speed and simplicity of the non-Gaussian type with the accuracy and simplicity of radial basis function are used to produce fast and accurate on-the-fly model for survivability of emergency mine rescue operations, that is, the survivability under all conditions is precalculated and used to train the neural network. The proposed hybrid uses genetic algorithm as a learning method which performs parameter optimization within an integrated analytic framework, to improve network efficiency. Finally, the network parameters including mean iteration, standard variation, standard deviation, convergent time, and optimized error are evaluated using the mean squared error. The results demonstrate that the hybrid model is able to reduce the computation complexity, increase the robustness and optimize its parameters. This novel hybrid model shows outstanding performance and is competitive over other existing models.
WeightedH∞Filtering for a Class of Switched Linear Systems with Additive Time-Varying Delays
Authors: Li Li-li , Zhang Guangling , Ge Xin , Jin Cui-li
Published: March 2015

This paper is concerned with the problem of weightedH∞filtering for a class of switched linear systems with two additive time-varying delays, which represent a general class of switched time-delay systems with strong practical background. Combining average dwell time (ADT) technique with piecewise Lyapunov functionals, sufficient conditions are established to guarantee the exponential stability and weightedH∞performance for the filtering error systems. The parameters of the designed switched filters are obtained by solving linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). A modification of Jensen integral inequality is exploited to derive results with less theoretical conservatism and computational complexity. Finally, two examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Dynamics Analysis and Prediction of Genetic Regulation in Glycerol Metabolic Network via Structural Kinetic Modelling
Authors: Ye Jianxiong , Xu Honglei , Huang Xueying , Ke Chongrong , Feng Enmin
Published: March 2015

Glycerol can be biologically converted to 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) byKlebsiella pneumoniae. In the synthesis pathway of 1,3-PD, the accumulation of an intermediary metabolite 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde (3-HPA) would cause an irreversible cessation of the dynamic system. Genetic manipulation on the key enzymes which control the formation rate and consumption rate of 3-HPA would decrease the accumulation of 3-HPA, resulting in nonlinear regulation on the dynamic system. The interest of this work is to focus on analyzing the influence of 3-HPA inhibition on the stability of the dynamic system. Due to the lack of intracellular knowledge, structural kinetic modelling is applied. On the basis of statistical account of the dynamical capabilities of the system in the parameter space, we conclude that, under weak or no inhibition to the reaction of 3-HPA consumption, the system is much easier to obtain a stable state, whereas strong inhibition to its formation is in favor of stabilizing the system. In addition, the existence of Hopf bifurcation in this system is also verified. The obtained results are helpful for deeply understanding the metabolic and genetic regulations of glycerol fermentation byKlebsiella pneumoniae.
Robust Head Pose Estimation Using a 3D Morphable Model
Authors: Cai Ying , Yang Menglong , Li Ziqiang
Published: March 2015

Head pose estimation from single 2D images has been considered as an important and challenging research task in computer vision. This paper presents a novel head pose estimation method which utilizes the shape model of the Basel face model and five fiducial points in faces. It adjusts shape deformation according to Laplace distribution to afford the shape variation across different persons. A new matching method based on PSO (particle swarm optimization) algorithm is applied both to reduce the time cost of shape reconstruction and to achieve higher accuracy than traditional optimization methods. In order to objectively evaluate accuracy, we proposed a new way to compute the pose estimation errors. Experiments on the BFM-synthetic database, the BU-3DFE database, the CUbiC FacePix database, the CMU PIE face database, and the CAS-PEAL-R1 database show that the proposed method is robust, accurate, and computationally efficient.
Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide Protects Glomerular Podocytes from Inflammatory Injuries
Authors: Sakamoto Kenichi , Kuno Kyoko , Takemoto Minoru , He Peng , Ishikawa Takahiro , Onishi Shunichiro , Ishibashi Ryoichi , Okabe Emiko , Shoji Mayumi , Hattori Akiko , Yamaga Masaya , Kobayashi Kazuki , Kawamura Harukiyo , Tokuyama Hirotake , Maezawa Yoshiro , Yokote Koutaro
Published: March 2015

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a leading cause of end-stage kidney disease; however, there are few treatment options. Inflammation plays a crucial role in the initiation and/or progression of DN. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a neuropeptide, which was originally isolated from the ovine hypothalamus and reportedly has diverse biological functions. It has been reported that PACAP has renoprotective effects in different models of kidney pathology. However, the specific cell types within the kidney that are protected by PACAP have not yet been reported. In this study, we localized VPAC1, one of the PACAP receptors, to glomerular podocytes, which also reportedly has crucial roles not only in glomerular physiology but also in pathology. PACAP was effective in the downregulation of proinflammatory cytokines, such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and interleukin-6, which had been induced by the activation of toll-like receptor (TLR) with lipopolysaccharide. PACAP also had downregulated the expression of MCP-1 through the protein kinase A signaling pathway; this led to the attenuation of the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and nuclear factor-kappa B signaling. Our results suggested that PACAP could be a possible treatment option for DN through the use of anti-inflammation effects on glomerular podocytes.
Adaptive Inverse Optimal Control of a Novel Fractional-Order Four-Wing Hyperchaotic System with Uncertain Parameter and Circuitry Implementation
Authors: Wu Chaojun , Si Gangquan , Zhang Yanbin , Yang Ningning
Published: March 2015

An efficient approach of inverse optimal control and adaptive control is developed for global asymptotic stabilization of a novel fractional-order four-wing hyperchaotic system with uncertain parameter. Based on the inverse optimal control methodology and fractional-order stability theory, a control Lyapunov function (CLF) is constructed and an adaptive state feedback controller is designed to achieve inverse optimal control of a novel fractional-order hyperchaotic system with four-wing attractor. Then, an electronic oscillation circuit is designed to implement the dynamical behaviors of the fractional-order four-wing hyperchaotic system and verify the satisfactory performance of the controller. Comparing with other fractional-order chaos control methods which may have more than one nonlinear state feedback controller, the inverse optimal controller has the advantages of simple structure, high reliability, and less control effort that is required and can be implemented by electronic oscillation circuit.
Retinal Neurodegeneration in db/db Mice at the Early Period of Diabetes
Authors: Yang Qin , Xu Yidan , Xie Ping , Cheng Haixia , Song Qinglu , Su Tu , Yuan Songtao , Liu Qinghuai
Published: March 2015

Purpose.To describe both the functional and pathological alternations in neurosensory retina in a murine model of spontaneous type 2 diabetes (db/db mouse).Methods.db/db (BKS/DB−/−) mice and heterozygous littermates (as control group) at various ages (12, 16, 20, 24, and 28 weeks) were inspected with pattern electroretinogram (PERG), fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Histological markers of neuroinflammation (IBA-1 and F4/80) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. In addition, levels of retinal ganglion cell death were measured by terminal dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL).Results.Significant alternations of PERG responses and increased retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) apoptosis were observed in diabetic db/db mice for 20-week period when compared with control group. IBA-1 and F4/80 expression in microglia/macrophages became evidently for 24-week period, thus supporting the PERG findings. Furthermore, obvious thinning of nasal and dorsal retina in 28-week-old db/db mice was also revealed by OCT. No visible retinal microvascular changes were detected by FFA throughout the experiments on db/db mice.Conclusions.Diabetic retina underwent neurodegenerative changes in db/db mice, which happened at retinal ganglion cell layer and inner nuclear layer. But there was no obvious abnormality in retinal vasculature on db/db mice.
Silver Nanoparticles in PEDOT:PSS Layer for Polymer Solar Cell Application
Authors: Iwan Agnieszka , Boharewicz Bartosz , Tazbir Igor , Sikora Andrzej , Zboromirska-Wnukiewicz Beata
Published: March 2015

We compare the performance of polymer solar cells based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) with silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) incorporated in poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). The structure of constructed solar devices was ITO/PEDOT:PSS:Ag NPs/P3HT:PCBM/Al. Typical polyol chemistry was used to synthesize silver in water solution. Ag nanoparticles were investigated by UV-vis, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) methods. We investigated influence of amount of silver in a hole transporting layer on the performance of bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells. The value of power conversion efficiency (PCE), equal to 2.16% under simulated 100 mW/cm2 AM 1.5G irradiation, was found for device created in air with 60 µL of Ag NPs added to 1 mL of PEDOT:PSS. Along with the increase amount of Ag NPs from 60 to 150 µL, the PCE decrease was found. Stability of solar cells with Ag was also investigated. The loss in value of PCE after 8 months was found in the range 13–47% depending on the device architecture. The solar cells were additionally measured with impedance spectroscopy.
Embedded Electromechanical Impedance and Strain Sensors for Health Monitoring of a Concrete Bridge
Authors: Wang Dansheng , Zhang Junbing , Zhu Hongping
Published: March 2015

Piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT) is one of the piezoelectric smart materials, which has direct and converse piezoelectric effects and can serve as an active electromechanical impedance (EMI) sensor. The design and fabrication processes of EMI sensors embedded into concrete structures are presented briefly. Subsequently, finite element modeling and modal analysis of a continuous rigid frame bridge are implemented by using ANSYS and MIDAS and validated by the field test results. Uppermost, a health monitoring technique by employing the embedded EMI and strain sensors is proposed in this paper. The technique is not based on any physical model and is sensitive to incipient structural changes for its high frequency characteristics. A practical study on health monitoring of the continuous rigid frame bridge is implemented based on the EMI and strain signatures. In this study, some EMI and strain sensors are embedded into the box-sectional girders. The electrical admittances of distributed EMI active sensors and the strains of concrete are measured when the bridge is under construction or in operation. Based on the electrical admittance and strain measurements, the health statuses of the continuous rigid frame bridge are monitored and evaluated successfully in the construction and operation stages using a root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) index.
Circadian System and Melatonin Hormone: Risk Factors for Complications during Pregnancy
Authors: Valenzuela F. J. , Vera J. , Venegas C. , Pino F. , Lagunas C.
Published: March 2015

Pregnancy is a complex and well-regulated temporal event in which several steps are finely orchestrated including implantation, decidualization, placentation, and partum and any temporary alteration has serious effects on fetal and maternal health. Interestingly, alterations of circadian rhythms (i.e., shiftwork) have been correlated with increased risk of preterm delivery, intrauterine growth restriction, and preeclampsia. In the last few years evidence is accumulating that the placenta may have a functional circadian system and express the clock genesBmal1,Per1-2, andClock. On the other hand, there is evidence that the human placenta synthesizes melatonin, hormone involved in the regulation of the circadian system in other tissues. Moreover, is unknown the role of this local production of melatonin and whether this production have a circadian pattern. Available information indicates that melatonin induces in placenta the expression of antioxidant enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase, prevents the injury produced by oxidative stress, and inhibits the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) a gene that in other tissues is controlled by clock genes. In this review we aim to analyze available information regarding clock genes and clock genes controlled genes such as VEGF and the possible role of melatonin synthesis in the placenta.
A Result regarding the Seismic Dislocations in Microstretch Thermoelastic Bodies
Authors: Marin M. , Florea O. , Mahmoud S. R.
Published: March 2015

The aim of our study is to derive a relation of De Hoop-Knopoff type for displacement fields within context of thermoelastic microstretch bodies. Then, as a consequence, an explicit expression of the body loadings equivalent to a seismic dislocation is obtained. The results are extensions of those from the classical theory of elastic bodies.
TheZ-Transform Method and Delta Type Fractional Difference Operators
Authors: Mozyrska Dorota , Wyrwas Małgorzata
Published: March 2015

The Caputo-, Riemann-Liouville-, and Grünwald-Letnikov-type difference initial value problems for linear fractional-order systems are discussed. We take under our consideration the possible solutions via the classicalZ-transform method. We stress the formula for the image of the discrete Mittag-Leffler matrix function in theZ-transform. We also prove forms of images in theZ-transform of the expressed fractional difference summation and operators. Additionally, the stability problem of the considered systems is studied.
Xuebijing Ameliorates Sepsis-Induced Lung Injury by Downregulating HMGB1 and RAGE Expressions in Mice
Authors: Wang Qiao , Wu Xin , Tong Xiaowen , Zhang Zhiling , Xu Bing , Zhou Wugang
Published: March 2015

Xuebijing (XBJ) injection, a traditional Chinese medicine, has been reported as a promising approach in the treatment of sepsis in China. However, its actual molecular mechanisms in sepsis-induced lung injury are yet unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of XBJ on inflammation and the underlying mechanisms in a model of caecal ligation and puncture-(CLP-) induced lung injury. The mice were divided into CLP group, CLP+XBJ group (XBJ, 4 mL/kg per 12 hours), and sham group. The molecular and histological examinations were performed on the lung, serum, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid samples of mice at the points of 6, 24, and 48 hours after CLP. The results show that XBJ reduces morphological destruction and neutrophil infiltration in the alveolar space and lung wet/dry weight ratio, which improves mortality of CLP-induced lung injury. Meanwhile, XBJ treatment downregulates high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) and the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) expression, as well as neutrophil counts, production of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-αin the BAL fluids. In conclusion, these results indicate that XBJ may reduce the mortality through inhibiting proinflammatory cytokines secretion mediated by HMGB1/RAGE axis.
Proteomic Analysis of Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells Reveals Differential Protein Expression in Response to Enterovirus 71 Infection
Authors: Luo Wenying , Zhong Jiayu , Zhao Wei , Liu Jianjun , Zhang Renli , Peng Liang , Hong Wenxu , Huang Sheng He , Cao Hong
Published: March 2015

2D DIGE technology was employed on proteins prepared from human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC), to study the differentially expressed proteins in cells at 0 h, 1 h, 16 h, and 24 h after infection. Proteins found to be differentially expressed were identified with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDITOF/TOF MS) analysis. We identified 43 spots showing changes of at least 2.5 fold up- or downregulated expressions in EV71-infected cells at different time when comparing to control, and 28 proteins could be successfully identified by MALDI TOF/TOF mass spectrometry analysis. 4 proteins were significantly upregulated, and 6 proteins were downregulated, another 18 proteins were different expression at different incubation time. We identified changes in the expression of 12 cellular metabolism-related proteins, 5 molecules involved in cytoskeleton, 3 molecules involved in energy metabolism, 2 molecules involved in signal transduction, 1 molecule involved in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, 1 molecule involved in cell cycle, 1 molecule involved in apoptosis-related protein, 1 molecular chaperone, and 2 unknown proteins. These findings build up a comprehensive profile of the HBMEC proteome and provide a useful basis for further analysis of the pathogenic mechanism that underlies EV71 infections to induce severe neural complications.
Effects of Abnormal Savda Munzip on the Proliferation Activity and Migration Ability of Fibroblasts Derived from Hypertrophic Scar In Vitro
Authors: Wang Hujun , Gao Weicheng , Kong Menglong , Li Nan , Shaolin Ma
Published: March 2015

Background. To explore the effect of ASMq on proliferation and migration ability of the fibroblast derived from HS of donor (HSFbs) in vitro.Methods. The HSFbs were cultured from tissue specimens and passaged to the 3~4 generation, which were treated with the different concentrations of ASMq and 5-Fu from 1 to 11 days. The difference of HSFbs proliferation activity was analyzed by the CCK-8 method. The HSFbs migration ability in ASMq (0.4 mg/mL) was analyzed by the Cell Scratch method.Results. Transmission electron microscope result shows ASMq concentration significantly increases and fibroblast cell structure markedly change in the experimental group. The proliferation activity of the HSFbs was obviously weakened in ASMq groups than those of the group A (P<0.05) at seven days. The group C (0.4 mg/mL) is better suitable than other three ASMq treatment groups. Cell Migration Assay shows that the migration ability HSFbs was significantly reduced in ASMq (0.4 mg/mL) treatment group compared with those of blank control group at both 24 h and 48 h (P<0.05).Conclusions. These results suggest that ASMq effectively restrains the proliferation and migration ability of the HTSFbs in vitro, which can be one of the mechanisms for the prevention and treatment of HS.
Self-Reported Efficacy of Cannabis and Other Complementary Medicine Modalities by Parkinson’s Disease Patients in Colorado
Authors: Finseth Taylor Andrew , Hedeman Jessica Louise , Brown Robert Preston , Johnson Kristina I. , Binder Matthew Sean , Kluger Benzi M.
Published: March 2015

Introduction. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is frequently used by Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. We sought to provide information on CAM use and efficacy in PD patients in the Denver metro area with particular attention to cannabis use given its recent change in legal status.Methods. Self-administered surveys on CAM use and efficacy were completed by PD patients identified in clinics and support groups across the Denver metro area between 2012 and 2013.Results. 207 patients (age69±11; 60% male) completed the survey. Responses to individual CAM therapy items showed that 85% of respondents used at least one form of CAM. The most frequently reported CAMs were vitamins (66%), prayer (59%), massage (45%), and relaxation (32%). Self-reported improvement related to the use of CAM was highest for massage, art therapy, music therapy, and cannabis. While only 4.3% of our survey responders reported use of cannabis, it ranked among the most effective CAM therapies.Conclusions. Overall, our cross-sectional study was notable for a high rate of CAM utilization amongst PD patients and high rates of self-reported efficacy across most CAM modalities. Cannabis was rarely used in our population but users reported high efficacy, mainly for nonmotor symptoms.
Fuzzy Controllers for Nonaffine-in-Control Singularly Perturbed Switched Systems
Authors: Zhou Linna , Wang Qianjin , Ma Xiaoping , Yang Chunyu
Published: March 2015

This paper investigates the problem of fuzzy controller design for nonaffine-in-control singularly perturbed switched systems (NCSPSSs). First, the NCSPSS is approximated by Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) models which include not only state but also control variables in the premise part of the rules. Then, a dynamic state feedback controller design method is proposed in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Under the controller, stability bound estimation problem of the closed-loop system is solved. Finally, an example is given to show the feasibility and effectiveness of the obtained methods.
Investigating the Nanoparticles Penetration Efficiency through Horizontal Tubes Using an Experimental Approach
Authors: Yin Zhaoqin , Dai Zhongping
Published: March 2015

It is a complex transfer process of nanoparticles in a tube. In this paper, in order to quantify the penetration efficiency of nanoparticles in different flows condition through horizontal tubes, the experiments have been carried out with particles diameter between 6 nm and 560 nm in various lengths of sampling tube. The results were in good agreement with the theory of Gormley and Kennedy and the experiment results of Kumar et al. for particles size smaller than 100 nm. Particles penetration rate increases with increasing of the Schmidt number (Sc), and it decreases with increasing Reynolds and tube length. Particles deposition on the wall induces the changes of the mass and average diameter of particles continuously. Therefore, a nondimensional parameter (ς) defined dependency on Reynolds number and particle residence time in tube has been used to express total mass penetration efficiency and mean size growth rate through a straight tube.
A Seed‐Based Plant Propagation Algorithm: The Feeding Station Model
Authors: Sulaiman Muhammad , Salhi Abdellah
Published: March 2015

The seasonal production of fruit and seeds is akin to opening a feeding station, such as a restaurant. Agents coming to feed on the fruit are like customers attending the restaurant; they arrive at a certain rate and get served at a certain rate following some appropriate processes. The same applies to birds and animals visiting and feeding on ripe fruit produced by plants such as the strawberry plant. This phenomenon underpins the seed dispersion of the plants. Modelling it as a queuing process results in a seed‐based search/optimisation algorithm. This variant of the Plant Propagation Algorithm is described, analysed, tested on nontrivial problems, and compared with well established algorithms. The results are included.
Bullous Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Associated with Esophagitis Dissecans Superficialis
Authors: Yogarajah Meera , Sivasambu Bhradeev , Jaffe Eric A.
Published: March 2015

Bullous systemic lupus erythematosus is one of the rare autoantibody mediated skin manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) demonstrating subepidermal blistering with neutrophilic infiltrate histologically. We present a case of a 40-year-old Hispanic female who presented with a several months’ history of multiple blistering pruritic skin lesions involving the face and trunk, a photosensitive rash over the face and neck, swelling of the right neck lymph node, and joint pain involving her elbows and wrist. Her malady was diagnosed as bullous systemic lupus erythematosus based on the immunological workup and biopsy of her skin lesions. The patient also complained of odynophagia and endoscopy revealed esophagitis dissecans superficialis which is a rare endoscopic finding characterized by sloughing of the esophageal mucosa. The bullous disorders typically associated with esophagitis dissecans superficialis are pemphigus and rarely bullous pemphigoid. However, this is the first reported case of bullous systemic lupus erythematosus associated with esophagitis dissecans superficialis.
Tinospora crispaAmeliorates Insulin Resistance Induced by High Fat Diet in Wistar Rats
Authors: Abu Mohd Nazri , Samat Suhana , Kamarapani Norathirah , Nor Hussein Fuzina , Wan Ismail Wan Iryani , Hassan Hamzah Fansuri
Published: March 2015

The antidiabetic properties ofTinospora crispa, a local herb that has been used in traditional Malay medicine and rich in antioxidant, were explored based on obesity-linked insulin resistance condition. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups, namely, the normal control (NC) which received standard rodent diet, the high fat diet (HFD) which received high fat diet only, the high fat diet treated withT. crispa(HFDTC), and the high fat diet treated with orlistat (HFDO). After sixteen weeks of treatment, blood and organs were harvested for analyses. Results showed thatT. crispasignificantly (p< 0.05) reduced the body weight (41.14 ± 1.40%), adiposity index serum levels (4.910 ± 0.80%), aspartate aminotransferase (AST: 161 ± 4.71 U/L), alanine aminotransferase (ALT: 100.95 ± 3.10 U/L), total cholesterol (TC: 18.55 ± 0.26 mmol/L), triglycerides (TG: 3.70 ± 0.11 mmol/L), blood glucose (8.50 ± 0.30 mmo/L), resistin (0.74 ± 0.20 ng/mL), and leptin (17.428 ± 1.50 ng/mL) hormones in HFDTC group. The insulin (1.65 ± 0.07 pg/mL) and C-peptide (136.48 pmol/L) hormones were slightly decreased but within normal range. The histological results showed unharmed and intact liver tissues in HFDTC group. As a conclusion,T. crispaameliorates insulin resistance-associated with obesity in Wistar rats fed with high fat diet.
CCR 20th Anniversary Commentary: In the Beginning, There Was PS-341
Authors: Teicher Beverly A. , Anderson Kenneth C.
Published: March 2015

Proteasome inhibitors have a 20-year history in cancer therapy. The first proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib, a breakthrough treatment for multiple myeloma, moved rapidly through development from the bench in 1994 to first FDA approval in 2003. Clinical Cancer Research has chronicled the development of proteasome inhibitors with publication of reports on bortezomib, carfilzomib, and the oral proteasome inhibitor ixazomib (MLN9708). Clin Cancer Res; 21(5); 939–41. ©2015 AACR.

See related article by Teicher et al., Clin Cancer Res 1999;5(9) September 1999;2638–45
CCR 20th Anniversary Commentary: Preclinical Study of Proteasome Inhibitor Bortezomib in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Allen Clint T. , Conley Barbara , Sunwoo John B. , Van Waes Carter
Published: March 2015

In a study published in the May 1, 2001, issue of Clinical Cancer Research, Sunwoo and colleagues provided evidence for proteasome inhibition of NF-κB and tumorigenesis, supporting early-phase clinical trials in solid malignancies of the upper aerodigestive tract. Subsequent clinical studies uncovered a dichotomy of responses in patients with hematopoietic and solid malignancies, and the mechanisms of resistance. Clin Cancer Res; 21(5); 942–3. ©2015 AACR.

See related article by Sunwoo et al., Clin Cancer Res 2001;7(5) May 2001;1419–28
Erosive Tooth Wear among 12-Year-Old Schoolchildren: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Montevideo, Uruguay
Authors: Alvarez Loureiro Licet , Fabruccini Fager Anunzziatta , Alves Luana Severo , Alvarez Vaz Ramón , Maltz Marisa
Published: March 2015

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence, extent, severity, intraoral distribution and risk indicators for erosive tooth wear (ETW) among 12-year-old schoolchildren from Montevideo, Uruguay. A population-based, cross-sectional survey was conducted using a representative sample of 1,136 12-year-old schoolchildren attending public and private schools. Parents answered questions on socioeconomic status and general health. Schoolchildren answered questions on dietary and oral hygiene habits. Two calibrated examiners recorded ETW on permanent teeth according to the Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE) score system. Logistic regression models were performed to assess the association between the predictor variables and the prevalence of ETW (overall and severe ETW). Odds ratios (OR) and the respective 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated. The prevalence of ETW was 52.9%, being mild erosion (BEWE = 1) in the vast majority of cases (48.5%). Severe erosion (BEWE ≥2) was detected in 4.4% of schoolchildren. The overall prevalence of ETW differed significantly between categories of gender and socioeconomic status, but only between gender in the severe ETW analysis. The overall extent of ETW was significantly different between categories of gender, socioeconomic status, and swish before swallow. The extent of severe ETW differed between categories of swish before swallow and brushing frequency. In the logistic regression analysis, no association was found between the studied variables and the overall prevalence of ETW. Males were more likely to have severe ETW than females (OR = 3.22, 95% CI = 1.50-6.89). ETW may be considered a public health problem among 12-year-old-Uruguayan schoolchildren.
Quantitative Electroencephalographic Analysis in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Treated with Interferon-α: A Review Article
Authors: Morita Akihiko
Published: March 2015

This review article describes our results regarding the relationship between quantitative electroencephalographic (qEEG) changes and the administration of interferon (IFN) α. We prospectively and blindly assessed a serial cohort of chronic hepatitis C patients. A total of 168 consecutive patients with chronic hepatitis C were enrolled from 1995 to 2007. IFNα was administered intramuscularly at 9 × 106 IU daily for the first 4 weeks and then three times a week for the next 20 weeks. Consecutive EEGs obtained before, 2 and 4 weeks after treatment initiation, and 2-3 days after treatment termination were assessed. EEG recordings were obtained from each patient in the resting awake condition with their eyes closed. The absolute power for each frequency band was determined using qEEG techniques. Diffuse slowing was observed during IFNα treatment and was reversible after completion of treatment. A tendency to this qEEG change was generally observed in all patients. The patient's age and severity of chronic hepatitis were factors that influenced qEEG changes during IFNα treatment. The change in the Mini-Mental State Examination score and IFNα-induced depression were also related to qEEG changes. Such diffuse EEG changes indicated mild encephalopathy associated with IFNα treatment.
TP53 Y220C Is a Hotspot Mutation in Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: van Kempen Pauline M.W. , Verdam Froukje J. , de Poel Eyleen , Braunius Weibel W. , de Weger Roel A. , van Es Robert J.J. , Grolman Wilko , Willems Stefan M.
Published: March 2015

Objectives: Although TP53 mutations in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) have been extensively studied, their association with the different subsites in the head and neck region has never been described. Methods: Sanger sequence analysis evaluating exons 4-9 in the TP53 gene was performed on 116 HNSCC patients. The exon location, exact codon and corresponding substitution in relation to the anatomical site (subsite) of the HNSCC were evaluated. Results: We found nonsynonymous TP53 mutations in 70% (81/116) of the patients. In oral cavity carcinomas, most mutations occurred in exon 7 (37%). In oropharyngeal and laryngeal tumors, mutations were mainly found in exons 6 and 7. The most common mutation was located in codon 220, and all of these were an Y220C mutation. Five out of nine (56%) Y220C mutations occurred in oropharyngeal tumors. Additionally, 22% of all mutations observed in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) consisted of Y220C mutations. Conclusion: In this study, the subsite-related distribution of TP53 mutations underlines the biological diversity between tumors arising from different anatomical regions in the head and neck region. Moreover, the Y220C mutation was by far the most prevalent TP53 mutation in HNSCC and a relative hotspot mutation in the oropharynx.
Does ß-Catenin Cross-Regulate NFκB Signalling in Pancreatic Cancer and Chronic Pancreatitis?
Authors: Kumaran Shymi , Samantha K.S. , Halagowder Devaraj
Published: March 2015

Background: It is not clear by which mechanism nuclear factor-kappaB (NFκB) induces cell proliferation and escapes from the apoptotic pathway in pancreatic carcinogenesis. This study aimed to investigate ß-catenin and NFκB signalling in chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. Materials and Methods: On tissue samples of chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer, we performed immunohistochemistry for detecting the expression of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFa), ß-catenin and NFκB, Western blot for TNFa, NFκB, ß-catenin, c-Myc and FasL, co-immunoprecipitation for ß-catenin with NFκB and RT-PCR for cyclin D1, c-Myc and Fas. Results: TNFa and NFκB expression was increased in chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. ß-Catenin and cyclin D1 expression was intense in pancreatic cancer and moderate in chronic pancreatitis. Of the NFκB response elements, the expression of pro-proliferative c-Myc is intense in pancreatic cancer and moderate in chronic pancreatitis, but the pro-apoptotic factors, Fas and FasL were down-regulated in pancreatic cancer and moderately expressed in chronic pancreatitis. The co-immunoprecipitation results showed a significant interaction of ß-catenin with NFκB in pancreatic cancer and a non-significant interaction in chronic pancreatitis. Conclusions: ß-Catenin might cross-regulate NFκB by interrupting the balance of cell death and cell survival via recruiting NFκB into the cell survival pathway alone in most cases of pancreatic cancer and some cases of chronic pancreatitis.
Absence of Microsatellite Instability In Soft Tissue Sarcomas
Authors: Campanella Nathália C. , Penna Valter , Ribeiro Guilherme , Abrahão-Machado Lucas Faria , Scapulatempo-Neto Cristovam , Reis Rui Manuel
Published: March 2015

Objective: Here, we analyze a series of soft tissue sarcomas (STS), which are a heterogeneous group of mesenchymal neoplasms, for the presence and frequency of microsatellite instability (MSI). MSI has been proposed to be clinically relevant for colorectal cancer, yet on STS its role is not consensual, partly due to the limited number of cases analyzed and methodology issues. Methods: The detailed evaluation of MSI in tumor samples from 71 STS patients was performed by pentaplex PCR of the MSI markers NR-27, NR-21, NR-24, BAT-25, and BAT-26, followed by capillary electrophoresis. The expression of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) proteins (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2) was also evaluated in suspected MSI-positive cases by immunohistochemistry. Results: The MSI analysis showed instability of one MSI marker in a total of 3 cases (4.2%). However, MMR protein expression was not affected, demonstrating that all cases were microsatellite stable. Conclusion: Our results suggest that MSI does not play a role in STS tumorigenesis.
New Mutations of the ID1 Gene in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients
Authors: Tochareontanaphol Chintana , Sinthuwiwat Thivaratana , Buathong Borisuit , Thita Thunyatip , Promso Somying , Paca-uccaralertkun Saowakon
Published: March 2015

Objectives: Overexpression of the inhibitor of DNA binding 1 (ID1) protein is found in many types of cancer. In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the expression of ID1 is induced by abnormal tyrosine kinases, such as FLT3 and BCR-ABL. High level expression of ID1 is associated with poor prognosis in young patients. We aimed to explore the ID1 mutation and its prognosis in AML patients. Methods: Two hundred and sixty-three AML patients were included. Cytogenetic results and ID1 mutation were compared. The ID1 gene was amplified by nested PCR, and the mutation was identified by direct sequencing. Results: Four new ID1 mutations (G40C, A124G, A230G, A349G) were identified in the normal karyotype patients. The A349G mutation, located in the nuclear export signal domain of the ID1 protein, was predicted by the in silico method as a damaged protein. Meanwhile, another new mutation, A290G, found in cases with 11q23 deletion, corresponded to the amino acid 97 in the helix 1 position of the ID1 protein. It could interfere with the dimerization of ID1 and EST-1, leading to a disruption of cell proliferation. Conclusions: In this study, we found 5 mutations in 260 AML patients. ID1 mutations were not commonly observed in AML. This may differ in other hematologic malignancies. Further studies in other types of hematologic malignancy will help to clarify the importance of ID1 mutations.
Innate IgG Molecules and Innate B Cells Expressed by Immunoglobulin Constant Heavy G Chain (Fcγ) Genetic Marker Genes Are Involved in the ‘Allergic March' of IgE Sensitization in Children
Authors: Oxelius Vivi-Anne , Krueger Renate , Ahlstedt Staffan , Keil Thomas , Lau Susanne , Wahn Ulrich
Published: March 2015

Background: Interindividual variations of immunoglobulin constant heavy G chain (IGHG) genes on chromosome 14q32.3 are identified by alternative genetic markers (GM) of IgG3, IgG1 and IgG2, respectively. They express structurally and functionally innate IgG molecules and B cells, associated with allergic disease, replicated in several studies. Materials and Methods: 1-year-old and 10-year-old, IgE-sensitized and non-sensitized children from the German Multicenter Allergy Study birth cohort were assessed by new serological methods for the mendelian IGHG (Fcγ) (GM) genes, as innate IgG molecules and innate B cells. Results: Food allergy sensitization in thirty-five 1-year-old children (124 not sensitized) was associated with the IGHG*bfn haplotype and B*bfn cells (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2-3.1; p = 0.010). Aeroallergen sensitization in ninety-nine 10-year-old children (95 not sensitized) was associated with the same genes (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.02-1.9; p = 0.034). The IgE sensitization was most prominent in the restrictive homozygous IGHG*bfn/*bfn diplotype, 34% at age 1, increasing to 60% at age 10, rating the highest numbers of positive IgE tests, expressing increased levels of IgE and innate IgG2*n. Conclusions: The IGHG*bfn haplotype (B*bfn cells) and increased innate IgG2*n levels are predictive factors for IgE sensitization in childhood. IGHG genes can be assessed for prognostic and preventive purposes in clinical care.
Male-Specific Submaxillary Gland Protein, a Lipocalin Allergen of the Golden Hamster, Differs from the Lipocalin Allergens of Siberian and Roborovski Dwarf Hamsters
Authors: Hilger Christiane , Dubey Ved P. , Lentz Delphine , Davril Caroline , Revets Dominique , Muller Claude P. , Diederich Claire , De La Barrière Hélène , Codreanu-Morel Françoise , Morisset Martine , Lehners Christiane , De Prabir K. , Hentges François
Published: March 2015

Background: An increasing number of asthma cases upon exposure to hamsters and anaphylactic reactions following hamster bites are being reported, but the allergens responsible are still poorly characterized. In the Golden hamster, male-specific submaxillary gland protein (MSP), a lipocalin expressed in a sex- and tissue-specific manner in the submaxillary and lacrimal glands, is secreted in the saliva, tears and urine. The purpose of this study was to determine if MSP is an allergen, to identify IgE-reactive proteins of different hamster species and to analyse potential cross-reactivities. Methods: Fur extracts were prepared from four hamster species. Hamster-allergic patients were selected based on a history of positive IgE-test to hamster epithelium. The IgE-reactivity of patients' sera was investigated by means of immunoblot and ELISA. IgE-reactive proteins in fur extracts and the submaxillary gland were identified using anti-MSP antibodies, Edman sequencing or mass spectrometry. MSP was purified from Golden hamster and recombinant MSP was expressed in E. coli. Results: Four patients had IgE-antibodies against 20.5-kDa and 24-kDa proteins of Golden hamster fur extract, which were identified as MSP. IgE-reactive MSP-like proteins were detected in European hamster fur extract. Three patient sera showed IgE-reactive bands at 17-21 kDa in Siberian and Roborovski hamster fur extracts. These proteins were identified as two closely related lipocalins. Immunoblot inhibition experiments showed that they are cross-reactive and are different from MSP. Conclusion: MSP lipocalin of the Golden hamster was identified as an allergen, and it is different from the cross-reactive lipocalin allergens of Siberian and Roborovski hamsters. Our findings highlight the need for specific tools for the in vitro and in vivo diagnosis of allergy to different hamster species.
Component-Resolved IgE Profiles in Austrian Patients with a Convincing History of Peanut Allergy
Authors: Ackerbauer Daniela , Bublin Merima , Radauer Christian , Varga Eva-Maria , Hafner Christine , Ebner Christof , Szépfalusi Zsolt , Fröschl Renate , Hoffmann-Sommergruber Karin , Eiwegger Thomas , Breiteneder Heimo
Published: March 2015

Background: Peanut allergy develops after primary sensitization to peanut allergens and/or IgE cross-sensitization with homologous allergens from various plants. Therefore, heterogeneous patterns of sensitization to individual peanut allergens are observed in different countries. The aim of this study was to examine the IgE sensitization patterns of Austrian peanut-allergic patients. Methods: Sera from 65 peanut-allergic patients and 20 peanut-tolerant atopics were obtained in four Austrian allergy clinics. Sensitization patterns against peanut allergens Ara h 1-3, 6, 8 and 9 were identified by ImmunoCAP and ImmunoCAP ISAC. Results: Austrian peanut-allergic patients were sensitized to Ara h 2 and 6 (71%), followed by Ara h 1 (62%), Ara h 8 (45%), Ara h 3 (35%) and Ara h 9 (11%). All sera containing Ara h 2-specific IgE were also positive for Ara h 6, with Ara h 6-specific IgE levels significantly (p < 0.05) higher compared with Ara h 2. Twelve percent displayed IgE reactivity exclusively to Ara h 8. Peanut extract and Ara h 8 showed low diagnostic specificities of 25 and 10%, respectively. The other peanut allergens showed 100% specificity. Diagnostic sensitivities determined by ImmunoCAP ISAC and ImmunoCAP were highly similar for Ara h 2, 3 and 8. Conclusions: The majority of symptomatic peanut-allergic patients are sensitized to Ara h 2 and Ara h 6. In peanut-symptomatic patients with additional birch pollen allergy, other peanut allergens, especially Ara h 8, should be tested when IgE reactivity to Ara h 2 is absent.
Critically Ill Patients Requiring Acute Renal Replacement Therapy Are at an Increased Risk of Long-Term Renal Dysfunction, but Rarely Receive Specialist Nephrology Follow-Up
Authors: Kirwan Christopher J. , Blunden Mark J. , Dobbie Hamish , James Ajith , Nedungadi Ambika , Prowle John R.
Published: March 2015

Background: Episodes of acute kidney injury (AKI) have been associated with the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, follow-up pathways for patients who have survived AKI complicating critical illness are not well established. We hypothesised that patients who had AKI requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) in intensive care are at risk of CKD, but are rarely referred for nephrology follow-up at hospital discharge. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of all patients who survived AKI requiring renal replacement therapy in intensive care units (ICUs) in the East London region, examining renal function at baseline, hospital discharge and 3-6 months follow-up. We excluded patients who were known to renal services prior to index admission. Results: From 5,544 critical care admissions, we identified 219 patients who survived to be discharged, having undergone RRT for AKI, that were not previously known to renal services. Of these, 124 (57%) had creatinine measured within 3-6 months after discharge, 104 having a pre-morbid baseline for comparison. Only 26 patients (12%) received specialist nephrology follow-up. At 3-6 months follow-up, the estimated glomerular filtration rate was significantly lower than baseline (48 vs. 60 ml/min/1.73 m2; p < 0.001), with the prevalence of CKD stage III-V rising from 49 to 70% (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Follow-up of patients who required RRT for AKI in ICU is inconsistent despite evidence of a significant increase in the prevalence of CKD. There is strong justification for the development of robust pathways to identify survivors of AKI in order to detect and manage CKD and its complications.