bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Three Dimensional Discrete Failures in Long Heterogeneous Slopes
Authors: Li Yajun  , Hicks Michael A.  , Vardon Philip J.
Published: February 2025

Long slopes with variable material properties have a variety of different failure modes that are affected by the correlation distances of the material properties and the geometry and total length of the slope. This work follows previous research examining the consequences of increasing slope length, in which analyses were limited by the computational capacity. In this work a long slope (500 m) in a clay, characterised by a spatially varying undrained shear strength, was analysed using the random finite element method (RFEM). Random fields, to simulate the spatial distribution of the strength parameters, were generated and mapped onto finite element meshes, that were used in subsequent strength reduction analyses as part of a Monte Carlo simulation. This involved different, but equally likely, random fields to gain a probabilistic description of the distribution of safety factors and failure mechanisms. A hypothetical study of a slope cut in clay, with an intermediate horizontal correlation distance of the strength parameter, was carried out to investigate how the slope failure develops in a heterogeneous soil. In contrast to previous work, this paper emphasises the quantification of discrete failures. Hence a simple procedure has been developed to quantify the number of discrete failures in a long soil slope. It was found that, although multiple failures are possible for very long soil slopes, a single localised failure still has the greatest likelihood, as is more generally observed in practice. Due to the high computational requirements for a probabilistic analysis of such a physically large problem, Grid computing technologies were used to conduct the investigation, meaning that 1 year of computational analysis could be undertaken in a single day.
3G - Geophysical Methods Delivering Input to Geostatistical Methods for Geotechnical Site Characterization
Authors: Niederleithinger Ernst
Published: February 2025

Geophysical methods are able to contribute significantly to geotechnical site characterization. In-situ parameters are collected and gaps between boreholes or other direct tests are filled with information. However the limited resolution has to be considered and the indirect geophysical parameters have to be translated into something geotechnically useful. Moreover, the limitations have to be evaluated when including geophysical data into geostatistical models. If done properly, the use of geophysics will help in an efficient and effective site characterization. The presentation will give a comprehensive overview on existing geophysical (mostly seismic) methods, the calibration of geophysical against geotechnical parameters, pitfalls and limitations as well as some hints how to include these data into geostatistical/geotechnical models.
Development Of A Virtual Environment Based On The Perceived Characteristics Of Pain In Patients With Fibromyalgia
Authors: Vilalta-Abella Ferran  , Gutiérrez-Maldonado José  , Pla-Sanjuanelo Joana
Published: February 2025

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a disorder characterized by chronic physical pain. The perception of this pain has psychological effects on mood, anxiety, and the degree of perceived control. In turn, these factors may increase the experience of pain. This study aims to develop a new virtual environment for the treatment of FM in order to enhance the therapeutic effects of traditional interventions. The first phase included a sample of 19 patients in order to identify common characteristics of the representation of pain and absence of pain, through drawing. The results showed that patients used different colors and different physical states to depict pain (red, motionless) and the absence of pain (blue, in motion). These features were then included in a 3D representation of the human body. ANOVA analysis showed that the degree of anxiety and depression influenced the perceived characteristic of movement.
Evaluating User Experience of Augmented Reality Eyeglasses
Authors: Gamberini Luciano  , Orso Valeria  , Beretta Andrea  , Jacucci Giulio  , Spagnolli Anna  , Rimondi Romina
Published: February 2025

Augmented reality based applications have been experimented with in various contexts. Typically, the interaction is supported by handled devices, which, in specific scenarios, may hinder the interaction and spoil the experience of use, as the user is forced to hold the device and to keep her eyes on it at all times. The recent launch on the market of light-weight, unobtrusive head-mounted displays may change this circumstance. Nevertheless, investigations are needed to understand if such head-worn devices effectively outperform handheld devices in terms of comfort and pleasant experience of use. Here we present two experiments aimed at assessing the comfort of wearing a head-worn, see-through AR viewer in both a controlled and a natural setting. Besides the comfort of wearing the device, aspects related to the user experience were also investigated in the field evaluation. Our findings suggest that the head-mounted display examined is comfortable to wear regardless of the context of use. Interestingly in the field trails, participants did not express concern for the impression they would have made on other people and the experience of use was overall pleasant. Possible issues related to visual fatigue emerged.
Numerical Studies of Stone Columns Installation in Very Soft Soils
Authors: Almeida Marcio S.S.  , Lima Bruno T.  , Baroni Magnos  , Riccio Mario V.  , Almeida Maria C.F.
Published: February 2025

This paper presents a study involving stone columns installation in a soft soil ground, with a peat layer at the top. Finite element analyses are applied using Cam-Clay model for the soft soil and peat layers, taking also consolidation into account. Axisymmetric models were used in the analyses simulating the 1.0 m diameter column installation (vibroreplacement) subsequently loaded by a 5.0 m thick embankment. The adopted geotechnical parameters are those of a soft soil site located in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Emphasis is given to the soil coefficient of earth pressure resulting from columns installation.
Centrifuge Modeling of Rocking Foundations on Sand
Authors: Kokkali Panagiota  , Abdoun Tarek  , Anastasopoulos Ioannis
Published: February 2025

Shallow foundations supporting slender structures are often subjected to extreme lateral loading such as multi-cycle wind and wave loads in offshore environments or strong seismic shaking. A number of nonlinear phenomena can occur in such conditions such as sliding on and uplifting from the supporting soil or even soil failure in the form of development of ultimate bearing capacity mechanisms. Residual settlement and rotation of the supported structural system are then unavoidable. While the principle of Performance Based Design that allows the nonlinear behavior of structural components has been applied in the superstructure design for a number of years, it was recently made clear that the application of the same concept to foundation design is perhaps the only viable alternative for the retrofit of buildings and structures. Inelastic foundation performance can provide potential benefits to the overall integrity of the structure since energy dissipation at the foundation level reaches high levels. The response of a single degree of freedom system founded on a square surface foundation on sand was explored through a series of centrifuge tests that were performed at the Center for Earthquake Engineering Simulation at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. The system was subjected to lateral monotonic loading till overturn and lateral slow cyclic loading. Different soil conditions were tested to capture the rocking response and a tactile pressure sensor was placed at the soil–foundation interface to capture the evolution of the foundation contact area and the vertical stress distribution during cyclic loading.
A Case Study of Bearing Capacity of Bored Piles in Weak Rocks Based on Static Load Tests
Authors: de Mello Luiz Guilherme  , Werner Bilfinger  , Perez Fernando
Published: February 2025

This paper presents the analyses results of five static load tests made with hidroexpansive load cells. These static load tests were performed on piles excavated in weak rocks. The interpreted values of lateral skin friction and end bearing based on load tests results are compared with predicted values by common methods used for bearing capacity estimative.
Comportamiento mecánico de un suelo dispersivo con adición de cal y cemento portland
Authors: Quiñónez Samaniego Rubén Alejandro  , Consoli Nilo Cesar  , Kanazawa Villalba Néstor Masamune  , Venson Guilherme  , Pasche Eduardo
Published: February 2025

La ingeniería geotécnica se encuentra frecuentemente con obstáculos de carácter económico y ambiental. El suelo al ser un material heterogéneo no siempre satisface las especificaciones requeridas para la construcción de una obra civil. La técnica de estabilización suelos es una de las soluciones que se plantean para el mejoramiento de las propiedades del suelo local y se constituye en una alternativa viable de proyecto. La estabilización de suelos se aplica por ejemplo en bases para pavimentos, protección de taludes y camada soporte para fundaciones superficiales. Se ha estudiado una nueva metodología de dosaje basada en un criterio racional donde la relación de volumen de vacíos del suelo/volumen de agente cementante desempeña un papel fundamental para la previsión de una resistencia deseada. Este trabajo tiene por objetivo analizar en base a la metodología citada anteriormente el comportamiento mecánico de un suelo dispersivo tratado tanto, con cal y con cemento portland. Para esto fueron realizados ensayos de compresión simple. En todos los casos fueron ensayados con una misma humedad de manera a determinar la influencia de la variación de las proporciones de la adición de los agentes cementantes en la resistencia mecánica de las mezclas realizadas. Los resultados muestran que la resistencia a la compresión simple aumenta de una forma potencial con el aumento de la cantidad de agente cementante. La relación de vacíos/agente cementante, definida por la relación entre la porosidad de la mezcla compactada y porcentaje volumétrico de agente cementante, ajustado por una potencia, demuestra ser un buen parámetro de previsión de comportamiento mecánico.
Axial Load Capacity of Model Piles in Sand
Authors: Passini Larissa de Brum  , Schnaid Fernando  , Salgado Rodrigo
Published: February 2025

The present paper addresses laboratory tests using model piles with three different diameters. Pullout tests were performed on the model piles installed by monotonic jacking in saturated fine sandy soils prepared at two initial relative densities. Resistance correlations are proposed based on these results.
Elasto-plastic Behavior of Sandy Soil under Cyclic Loading Conditions
Authors: Alam Md. Jahid Iftekhar  , Gnanendran C.T.  , Lo S.R.
Published: February 2025

The number of loading cycle, amplitude and frequency are the important factors that affect the elasto-plastic behavior of a granular soil under cyclic loading conditions. Studies found in the literature are mainly based on the behavior of resilient modulus and cumulative permanent strain. However, studies regarding the modulus of elasticity in the unloading and reloading phase, the permanent strain and their variation with number of load cycles are rather limited in the literature. In this study, an attempt was made to investigate the elastic and plastic responses of a dense sandy soil by conducting laboratory cyclic load triaxial tests with different combinations of confining pressures and loading amplitudes. Based on the test results, the unloading and reloading modulus were calculated separately for each cycle and observed their behavior with respect to the number of load cycles. To predict permanent strain behavior, a relatively simple equation was proposed. The test results showed that, for a particular combination of confining pressure and loading amplitude, the unloading modulus was almost consistent with respect to the number of load cycles. Similar observation, with a lower value than unloading modulus for the corresponding tests, was found for reloading modulus. The proposed equation for the permanent strain was used to calculate the cumulative permanent strain values at any number of load cycles. The calculated results agreed well with the experimental results.
A Thermomechanical model for Partially Saturated Soils. Application to an engineering barrier for the storage of high level nuclear waste
Authors: Samat Sergio
Published: February 2025

In this paper an elastoplastic model for partially saturated soils is proposed based on thermomechanical principles. Both an internal energy function and a yield function are introduced. From these functions the complete elastoplastic model (elastic response, flow rule and hardening behavior) is derived. The model belongs to the cam clay family. In this work a generalization of the yield surface is proposed to catch different shapes of the elastic domain and especially the function is smoothed at the tip so it intercepts perpendicular to the mean effective stress axis. The model performance is then validated under non-isothermal conditions. It is then used to predict the response of a nuclear waste storage facility. The model response is especially important at the transitional phase when the high level wastes HLW are being deposited. In this phase the tunnel is subjected to strong thermo-hydro-mechanical charges by both the heat emitted from the canister and the hydration due to water coming from the host rock where the tunnel is located and then the model is submitted to extreme load paths.
The Benefit of Spatial Correlation for Non-Redundant Lifelines
Authors: Moss R.E.S.  , Hollenback J.C.
Published: February 2025

Lifelines such as pipelines, telecommunication conduits, power transmission lines, transportation corridors, and other linear systems dominate our civil infrastructure. These linear systems are often non-redundant but are essential for a functioning society. These systems rely on the their foundation soils to provide resistance to static loading from dead and live loads and to dynamic loading from seismic, wind, wave, and other transient hazards. Although typically neglected in lifelines design, the spatial correlation of resistance and the spatial correlation of loading result in a lower probability of failure for non-redundant lifelines. In this paper a simple example of a bridge subjected to liquefaction is used to demonstrate the reduction in probability of failure that spatial correlation affords. A discussion of how this may affect design procedures for lifelines is presented. Additionally, typical spatial correlation distances are examined for soil resistance and for seismic loading. The goal of this paper is to foster discussion about the importance of spatial correlation for civil engineering works. By accounting for spatially variability in load and/or resistance it is shown that the system probability of failure is less than the typical assumption of statistically independent components. The fact that foundation soil resistance is spatially correlated and strong ground shaking is spatially correlated supports the argument that this should be included in the design of spatially distributed lifelines.
Behavior of plate load test in sedimentary soil in São Paulo / Brazil
Authors: Albuquerque Paulo José Rocha  , Noguchi Leandro Tomio  , Mucheti Alexsander Silva
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this paper was to study formulations, load capacity theories and estimation of displacements for the case of a solution in shallow foundations adopted in the works of a commercial building with 10 floors and 3 underground floors located in the city of São Caetano do Sul/SP, by means of a plate load test analysis. To this end, the local soil was submitted to laboratory testing to characterize and determine the geotechnical parameters that fed the methods proposed and presented in the literature. Tertiary sediments from the High Tietê basin prevail in this location. These sediments are composed of the São Paulo formation, of fluvial origin formed by layers of sandy silts and clayey sands with an NSPT above 30 at the test depth. The test was performed in accordance with Brazilian Standard NBR 6489 following slow loading with a plate diameter of 0.8 m. The maximum stress displayed during the test was in the order of 1,200 kPa and maximum displacement of 28 mm. Semi-empirical and theoretical methods were used to obtain the admissible stress. Probabilistic analyses were produced to provide the index of reliability and ruin probability, so that the safety factor of the foundations could be reduced and the admissible stress of the project design could be increased.
Estimating Uncertainty of the Design Length of Borehole Ground Heat Exchangers
Authors: Mikhaylova Olga  , Johnston Ian W.  , Narsilio Guillermo A.
Published: February 2025

Ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems have a potential to reduce carbon emissions from buildings, but the adequate design of such systems, including the ground heat exchangers (GHEs), is crucial for their financial viability. Some research has been conducted in developing the methodologies of the probabilistic life-cycle cost assessment of such systems, but the uncertainties of the lengths of GHEs were not included in those studies. In this paper, the uncertainty of the length of borehole GHEs is estimated for a case study when a common design process is followed. The estimated length uncertainty can be used in the probabilistic cost assessment of the GSHP system under consideration as well as in the selection of the optimum design length of the GHEs. Moreover, the sensitivity of the length uncertainty to the uncertainties of the design parameters is examined and the most and least influential parameters are identified.
Experimental and Numerical Simulations of Cyclic Oedometric Compression Test with the Material Point Method and the Subloading Cam Clay Model
Authors: Lorenzo Raydel  , Cunha Renato  , Cordão Neto Manoel P.  , Menendez Oisy
Published: February 2025

The Material Point Method (MPM) has gained space in dynamics problems. In geotechnical engineering this problems appear in areas like foundations of machines, earthquakes, wave attack, construction of sand compaction piles and others. In dynamical simulations is very common to occur loading and unloading paths. Proper constitutive models have to be used to consider the irreversible deformations that can appear in cyclic loading. In this paper, the SubCam model is implemented in a code of MPM. This model introduces the concept of subloading surface to the well-known Modified Cam Clay model (MCC). Consequently, a smooth transition between the elastic and elasto-plastic behavior of the soil is obtained. Moreover, plastic strains are developed inside the yield surface, as it is observed in real tests. The model introduces only one more parameter than the MCC. Therefore, more realistic results can be obtained with little increment of effort. The fundamental discrepancies in the implementation of the model compared to the MCC are also presented in this paper. The SubCam model can better reproduce the behavior of the soil and it's easier to implement. Cyclic oedometric compression tests are simulated as benchmarks to evaluate the implementation of the model and compared to a laboratory real test. Also, the response of the model to different values of the new parameter is evaluated.
Efeito da compatibilidade de deformações solo-reforço em muros de solo reforçado com geossintéticos
Authors: Gonçalves Julio Fernandes  , Portelinha Fernando Henrique Martins  , Futai Marcos Massao
Published: February 2025

O uso de reforços geossintéticos tem se apresentado como uma solução eficiente que permite reduzir os custos de implantação de estruturas de contenção. Entretanto, há ainda a possibilidade de aprimoramento nos métodos de análise de estabilidade de tais estruturas utilizando softwares de elementos finitos, podendo resultar em projetos melhor dimensionados. Atualmente, em estruturas de solo reforçado, recomenda-se o uso de reforços mais rígidos, considerando que estes exigem menores deformações para que haja a mobilização do reforço, de forma a contribuir na estabilidade da estrutura, restringindo-se, dessa forma, o uso de reforços mais flexíveis, tais como os geotêxteis não tecidos. No entanto, a parcela de tensões mobilizadas pelo reforço é dependente do nível de tensões mobilizadas pelo solo. Assim, o comportamento da estrutura é dependente da compatibilidade de deformações solo-reforço. A fim de compreender o efeito da compatibilidade de deformações solo-reforço no comportamento de muros reforçados com geossintéticos, este estudo consiste na modelagem numérica de um modelo físico de uma estrutura de solo reforçado com geotêxteis não tecidos para parametrização da compatibilidade de deformações. Concluiu-se que o aumento da rigidez do reforço acarreta em sua maior mobilização, e que a magnitude desta mobilização depende do tipo de solo utilizado.
Uso de Metodologías Retrospectivas en la Determinación de Propiedades Geomecánicas, Análisis de una Excavación a Cielo Abierto
Authors: García Francisco  , Rivera Rigoberto  , Montiel Edgar
Published: February 2025

A partir de la información obtenida de la instrumentación colocada en una excavación a cielo abierto y aplicando el método de análisis inverso, se presenta en este artículo la metodología empleada en la determinación de los parámetros geomecánicos del macizo rocoso donde se desplantó dicha excavación. Tomando en cuenta los resultados de la instrumentación, el modelo geológico definido durante la construcción, los datos de laboratorio de la roca intacta y mediante el uso del método de elemento finito, fue factible reproducir el comportamiento deformacional de la masa rocosa, cuya respuesta permitió estimar los parámetros geotécnicos necesario para evaluar la estabilidad de la masa rocosa en una etapa posterior a su construcción.
A Linked Term Bank of Copyright-Related Terms
Authors: Rodriguez-Doncel Víctor  , Santos Cristiana  , Casanovas Pompeu  , Gómez-Pérez Asunción
Published: February 2025

A multi-lingual term bank of copyright-related terms has been published connecting WIPO definitions, IATE terms and definitions from Creative Commons licenses. These terms have been hierarchically arranged, spanning multiple languages and targeting different jurisdictions. The term bank has been published as a TBX dump file and is publicly accessible as linked data. Models for the RDF data structure are based on Lemon and W3C Recommendations. The term bank has been used to annotate common licenses in the RDFLicense dataset.
Image Region Forgery Detection: A Deep Learning Approach
Authors: Zhang Ying  , Goh Jonathan  , Win Lei Lei  , Thing Vrizlynn
Published: February 2025

In digital forensics, the detection of the presence of tampered images is of significant importance. The problem with the existing literature is that majority of them identify certain features in images tampered by a specific tampering method (such as copy-move, splicing, etc). This means that the method does not work reliably across various tampering methods. In addition, in terms of tampered region localization, most of the work targets only JPEG images due to the exploitation of double compression artifacts left during the re-compression of the manipulated image. However, in reality, digital forensics tools should not be specific to any image format and should also be able to localize the region of the image that was modified.
Directed Transitive Signature on Directed Tree
Authors: Xu Jia  , Chang Ee-Chien  , Zhou Jianying
Published: February 2025

In early 2000's, Rivest [1,2] and Micali [2] introduced the notion of transitive signature, which allows a third party with public key to generate a valid signature for a composed edge (vi,vk), from the signatures for two edges (vi,vj) and (vj,vk). Since then, a number of works, including [2,3,4,5,6], have been devoted on transitive signatures. Most of them address the undirected transitive signature problem, and the directed transitive signature is still an open problem. S. Hohenberger [4] even showed that a directed transitive signature implies a complex mathematical group, whose existence is still unknown. Recently, a few directed transitive signature schemes [7,8] on directed trees are proposed. The drawbacks of these schemes include: the size of composed signature increases linearly with the number of nested applications of composition and the creating history of composed edge is not hidden properly. This paper presents a RSA-Accumulator [9] based scheme DTTS—a Directed-Tree-Transitive Signature scheme, to address these issues. Like previous works [7,8], DTTS is designed only for directed trees, however, it features with constant (composed) signature size and privacy-preserving property. We prove that DTTS is transitively unforgeable under adaptive chosen message attack in the standard model.
Ontological Foundations for Tracking Data Quality through the Internet of Things
Authors: Ceusters Werner  , Bona Jonathan
Published: February 2025

Amongst the positive outcomes expected from the Internet of Things for Health are longitudinal patient records that are more complete and less erroneous by complementing manual data entry with automatic data feeds from sensors. Unfortunately, devices are fallible too. Quality control procedures such as inspection, testing and maintenance can prevent devices from producing errors. The additional approach envisioned here is to establish constant data quality monitoring through analytics procedures on patient data that exploit not only the ontological principles ascribed to patients and their bodily features, but also to observation and measurement processes in which devices and patients participate, including the, perhaps erroneous, representations that are generated. Using existing realism-based ontologies, we propose a set of categories that analytics procedures should be able to reason with and highlight the importance of unique identification of not only patients, caregivers and devices, but of everything involved in those measurements. This approach supports the thesis that the majority of what tends to be viewed as ‘metadata’ are actually data about first-order entities.
Open Access, Open Science, Open Society
Authors: Margoni Thomas  , Caso Roberto  , Ducato Rossana  , Guarda Paolo  , Moscon Valentina
Published: February 2025

Open Access' main goal is not the subversion of publishers' role as driving actors in an oligopolistic market characterized by reduced competition and higher prices. OA's main function is to be found somewhere else, namely in the ability to subvert the power to control science's governance and its future directions (Open Science), a power that is more often found within the academic institutions rather than outside. By decentralizing and opening-up not just the way in which scholarship is published but also the way in which it is assessed, OA removes the barriers that helped turn science into an intellectual oligopoly even before an economic one. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate that Open Access is a key enabler of Open Science, which in turn will lead to a more Open Society. Furthermore, the paper argues that while legislative interventions play an important role in the top-down regulation of Open Access, legislators currently lack an informed and systematic vision on the role of Open Access in science and society. In this historical phase, other complementary forms of intervention (bottom-up) appear much more “informed” and effective. This paper, which intends to set the stage for future research, identifies a few pieces of the puzzle: the relationship between formal and informal norms in the field of Open Science and how this impact on intellectual property rights, the protection of personal data, the assessment of science and the technology employed for the communication of science.
Prediction of shallow foundation settlements by stiffness-strain factors
Authors: Bovolenta R.  , Berardi R.
Published: February 2025

Soil non linear behaviour has to be taken into account in the study of soil-structure interaction. Elastic approaches are generally adopted for settlement prediction, but suitable soil stiffness values should be chosen. The soil behaviour dependence on strain and stress levels is evident even in the serviceability state of a foundation. In the present work, a simplified non-linear method and operational stiffness values are adopted for the estimate of shallow foundation settlements. The reliability of the approach has been considered by the study of case records and numerical analyses.
Long-term settlement prediction over Shanghai metro tunnels
Authors: Huang H.W.  , Zhang D.M.  , Hicher P.Y.
Published: February 2025

The long-term settlement over Shanghai metro tunnel line No.2 is predicted based on the stress-strain-time relationship of soft clay. The tunnel construction process is considered in the numerical simulation of long-term settlement. The influence of over-excavation during shield tunneling on the evolution of long-term surface settlement, as well as ground loss, is studied. Some conclusions are drawn from the numerical simulations.
Consolidation behavior around p
Authors: Tanaka H.  , Udaka K.  , Nosaka T.
Published: February 2025

Using the inter-connected oedometer (ICO) apparatus, consolidation behavior with different specimen thickness is studied under normally consolidated state and at state of transition from the in situ stress (p'vo) to the yield consolidation pressure (pc). Tested specimens were intact Pleistocene clays retrieved from the Osaka basin. The validity of the strain rate theory was confirmed by the relationships between the effective stress and strain, which vary with distance from the drainage boundary.
Deformations of the buildings located near foundation trenches and underground excavations and the measures for their reduction
Authors: Ilyichev V.A.  , Konovalov P.A.  , Nikiforova N.S.
Published: February 2025

Empirical dependences are formulated on the basis of full-scale experiments which makes it possible to forecast the settlement of the buildings located within the zone affected by excavation of foundation trenches for the buildings having underground facilities in the congested urban housing environment of Moscow. The results of the research of buildings settlement values for different types of protective measures are demonstrated.
Tunnelling in top cover technique combined with compressed air for a highspeed railway line in Germany
Authors: Quick H.  , Meissner S.
Published: February 2025

The Tunnel Offenbau is part of the new highspeed railway line from Nuremberg to Ingolstadt. The Tunnel is constructed in difficult soil and groundwater conditions. The bordering village Offenbau was a further challenge of designing the tunnel. As a result the tunnel was constructed in top cover technique combined with compressed air in order to guarantee the serviceability of the neighbouring buildings of the village at all times. The construction of the tunnel was accompanied by an extensive monitoring programme, which included the monitoring of tunnel and the neighbouring buildings. Moreover, the monitoring is required for the conservation of evidence of the buildings and all structural objects.
Ground and lining responses during tunnelling in saturated ground – 3D stress-pore pressure coupled analysis
Authors: Yoo C.  , Kim S.B.
Published: February 2025

Construction of a tunnel in urban area has become increasingly challenging due to the increased public concern regarding the impact of tunnelling on surrounding environments. In this regards, the control of groundwater has become an essential part of the planning, design, and construction of a tunnelling project. This paper presents the results of an investigation on interaction mechanism between tunnelling and groundwater using a 3D stress-pore pressure coupled finite-element model. It is shown that the ground and lining responses are significantly influenced by the relative permeability of the lining, and that the circumferential pregrouting is an effective means for minimizing the tunnelling and groundwater interaction.
A new method to estimating gas hydrate content in soil specimens
Authors: Kliner J.T.R.  , Grozic J.L.H.
Published: February 2025

Gas hydrates are solid crystalline compounds (clathrates) that encage gas molecules inside the lattices of hydrogen bonded water molecules within a specific temperature-pressure stability zone. It is imperative that reliable detection and quantification modi operandi are developed, as proposed in this research, to identify hydrate-laden strata and determine economic viability of this potential energy yield. This paper presents the experimental analysis of synthetic refrigerant (R-11) hydrates in 20/30 Ottawa sand using dielectric principles to determine specific hydrate content. Hydrate specimens were constructed via moist tamped Ottawa sand, purged with carbon dioxide (CO2), saturated with de-aired water, and mixed with a known amount of R-11 to produce precise hydrate contents. The un-hydrated volumetric water content was measured using a Theta Probe by applying the principles of TDR. A negative relationship between hydrate content and the bulk dielectric constant of the specimens depict a consistent response and allow comparison with initial hydrate formation percentages.
Potrerillos Project: Diaphragm wall design
Authors: Barchiesi Arnaldo M.  , Cazalis Philippe  , Carrère Alain J.
Published: February 2025

Recently the Potrerillos Project's works, at the Mendoza river into the same name province in Argentina, were concluded. The CFRD dam is allowing the filling of a 450hm3reservoir that is provided with a morning glory spillway, a diversion bottom and half – bottom outlet tunnel, as well as an adduction tunnel to two arranged in cascade power stations.
Estimating geotechnical capacity of bored cast-in-situ piles from penetration resistance
Authors: Ganpule V.T.
Published: February 2025

The termination depth of bored cast in situ piles poses serious problem to the field engineers particularly on weak weathered rock, stiff clays and dense sands. Some sort of decision making tool is available for driven piles in the form of driving formulae. But for the termination of bored cast in situ piles no such guide is available for field engineers. The paper deals with a simple method based on penetration resistance to the advancement of bore and its relation with end bearing and frictional resistance offered by formation. The method shall serve a very useful purpose for estimation of time frame of piling jobs from the investigation data and serve as a good quality control tool for termination of piles in field.
Interaction between vertical and lateral loads on the response of piles in soft clays
Authors: Karthigeyan S.  , Ramakrishna V.V.G.S.T.  , Rajagopal K.
Published: February 2025

The paper presents the results of three-dime2nsional finite element analysis of a single pile installed in homogeneous soft clay under individual lateral load and combined vertical and lateral loading. The interaction between vertical and lateral loads on piles has been analyzed using the finite element program GEOFEM-3D. In this analysis, the pile is treated as linear elastic and the behaviour of soil has been idealized using non-associated elastic perfectly plastic based Drucker-Prager constitutive model. The numerical results presented in this paper highlight the effect of vertical load interaction on the lateral load deflection response of pile with reference to some of the important parameters viz. method of loading, pile head fixity conditions and L/B ratio.
Grouting trials in hard jointed rock – investigation, design and execution
Authors: Eriksson M.  , Fransson Å.  , Emmelin A.
Published: February 2025

Grouting trials were performed in crystalline rock at a depth of 450 m during construction of a 70-metre long tunnel. Hydrogeological investigations were undertaken stepwise, resulting in a successive updating of the rock description, followed by grouting design, and prognoses. The application of this coupled methodology for rock characterisation and design meant that, (a) general systematic pre-grouting could be avoided thanks to having detailed rock characterisation, and (b) an early assessment could be made about the most suitable grouting methodology. The initial description of rock, based on data obtained from a core borehole, was used to prepare a base design, and two grouting fans were anticipated. Even though further investigations resulted in design changes along a section of the tunnel, a combination of inflow measurements and pressure build-up tests gave a sound basis from which to choose the appropriate grout, and prepare for encountering more extreme conditions. Based on inflow measurements, the sealing effect for Fans 1 and 2 was approximately 99.9 and 95 per cent respectively.
The influence of clay wetting on geomembrane-clay interface strength
Authors: Ivšić Tomislav  , Verić Franjo  , Zlatoper Hrvoje D.
Published: February 2025

The wetting and saturation of bottom clay liner at waste landfill reduces the shear strength of clay-geomembrane interface. This behavioral aspect was studied as a possible mechanism of local bottom failure of waste landfill in Zagreb.Two series of clay-geomembrane interface strength tests were conducted in large shear box for the range of normal pressures expected in field. In the first series the interface strength was tested in the “as compacted” state in order to obtain the referent values for ordinary conctruction conditions. In the second series the samples were flooded with water and left to saturate before testing. The shear testing was performed in unconsolidated-undrained conditions in order to simulate rapid loading conditions during relatively fast waste filling. The test results clearly showed the significant interface strength reduction in flooded samples.
The on-site remediation of contaminated fine-grained soil based on the effect of permeability change after freezing and thawing
Authors: Ito Y.  , Nii K.  , Aramoto K.
Published: February 2025

In many cases, washing contaminated ground is very difficult. One major reason is the low permeability of fine-grained soils. In order to overcome such a problem, it was proposed to utilize the phenomenon of permeability which increases after freezing and thawing. A series of semi-full scale experiments have been carried out to investigate the feasibility of the method to an on-site remediation project. The major experimental results are as follows: 1) Permeability of fine-grained soil increased after freeze-thaw treatment. In this experiment, the soil's permeability increased 20 to 100 times. 2) It was observed in the specimen after the experiment that sodium chloride aqueous solution was pushed from the central part to the side direction of the specimen. In comparison with the unfrozen specimen, the frozen-thawed specimen was almost perfectly washed. 3) The washing efficiency of the frozen and thawed case was about 7 to 10 times greater than the non-frozen case.
Evaluating the sustainability of methods for mitigation of arsenic contaminated aquifers
Authors: Mulligan Catherine N.  , Yong Raymond N.
Published: February 2025

Fresh water is a precious, non-renewable resource that is depleting rapidly in countries such as India, China, and even in the U.S. where rivers are drying up and water table levels are decreasing. To obtain safe drinking water, two direct means are available. These include: (1) treatment of the water as it leaves the pumps (from the tube wells), and (2) application of in-situ geochemical aquifer intervention procedures designed to control and mitigate arsenic pollution. By reducing the concentrations to levels below the critical levels, the risk of arsenic poisoning of the people using the groundwater resource will be minimized or eliminated and thus ensuring the sustainability of groundwater for drinking purposes.
Assessment of liquefaction potential for a silty sand in Central Western Taiwan
Authors: Huang A.B.  , Huang Y.T.  , Ho F.J.
Published: February 2025

The Chi Chi earthquake of September 21, 1999 triggered extensive soil liquefaction in silty sand deposits in Central Western Taiwan. The post Chi Chi earthquake studies indicated that the fines content adjustments according to the simplified procedure could cause rather inconsistent results amongst various assessment methods. The authors performed a series of cone penetration chamber calibration tests and cyclic triaxial tests on remolded Mai Liao Sand (MLS) specimens, with various fines contents and densities. The triaxial cell was equipped with bender elements and shear wave velocity (Vs) was measured prior to the cyclic shearing test. With these data, the authors were able to calibrate the correlations among CRR, cone tip resistance (qc) and Vsfor MLS. A test site was developed in Yuan Lin County where standard penetration test (SPT), seismic piezocone and field Vsmeasurements were performed and low disturbance silty sand samples using a Laval sampler were taken. A series of cyclic triaxial tests were conducted on the Laval samples with Vsmeasurements using bender elements. These field and laboratory test results were used to validate the correlations among CRR, qcand Vsfrom calibration tests and the simplified procedure typically used in liquefaction potential assessment. This paper describes the laboratory calibration tests on MLS, results from Yuan Lin test site studies and discusses their implications in the assessment of liquefaction potential for the silty sand in this region.
Cognitive psychological structure of education and research in geotechnics
Authors: Scharle Peter
Published: February 2025

Post secondary education provides an introduction to models, and develops model selection and application skills. Recent developments in cognitive psychology offer good possibilities for differentiating between levels of knowledge. It is prudent to define four levels of preparation in the technical-engineering professions, particularly in their relationship to models. As a conclusion, it turns out that professional geotechnicians are required to have MSc level of competency. The approach also yields answers to some debated questions of modelling and solving geotechnical problems in the framework of engineering mechanics.
Use of soil-structure interaction analysis for historical monuments preservation
Authors: Ulitsky V.M.  , Shashkin A.G.  , Lisyuk M.B.
Published: February 2025

Numerical analysis of historical monuments has been conducted using FEM models software which features various models of ground behaviour and of superstructure's response. The possibilities of solving physical and geometrical non-linear problems in 3D with several million of freedom degrees make the software an effective tool in preservation of the historical buildings, palaces, and monuments.
Drainage characteristics and behaviour of hydraulically placed mine fill and fill barricades
Authors: Rankine Kirralee J.  , Sivakugan Nagaratnam
Published: February 2025

To efficiently remove valuable minerals from large scale underground mining operations, the orebody is often divided into a series of stopes. The stopes are blasted, the rock removed for processing, and the large void created is backfilled with a slurry made from the by-product of the mineral processing activity. Underground failures have occured as a result of poor drainage of excess water from the backfill. The permeability of hydraulic fill is typically between 10-30 mm/hr (much less than industry specification), and yet many mines using these fills have operated successfully for many years. Hydraulic fill typically settles to a porosity value between 37% and 48%, and the dry density may be approximated as 0.56 times the specific gravity. This paper discusses current developments in drainage analysis of hydraulically placed mine fill and fill barricades from four Australian mines.
Nursing Telehealth, Caring from a Distance
Authors: Botin Lars  , Nøhr Christian
Published: February 2025

Tele-technology in the health care system is prognosed to be able to produce better health, better care at lower cost (Triple aim). This paper will discuss the validity of this prognosis, which in many ways is considered as some sort of diagnosis of the conditions concerning triple aim in relation to Tele-technology. Tele-technology in the health care system covers three different types of technological settings: telecare, telehealth and telemedicine. This paper will disclose the different meanings of telecare, telehealth and telemedicine and discusses how nursing informatics can accomplish and gain from this disclosure. Theoretically and methodologically the paper is based on post-phenomenological readings and reflections, where use, practice, users, participants, values and knowledge systems are addressed on an equal level in order to understand technology and how we act appropriately through and with technology.
A Data Mining Approach for Exploring Correlates of Self-Reported Comparative Physical Activity Levels of Urban Latinos
Authors: Yoon Sunmoo  , Co Jr. Manuel C.  , Suero-Tejeda Niurka  , Bakken Suzanne
Published: February 2025

We applied data mining techniques to a community-based behavioral dataset to build prediction models to gain insights about physical activity levels as the foundation for future interventions for urban Latinos. Our application of data mining strategies identified environment factors including having a convenient location for physical activity and psychological factors including depression as the strongest correlates of self-reported comparative physical activity among hundreds of variables. The data mining methods were useful to build prediction models to gain insights about perceptions of physical activity behavior as compared to peers.
Consumer Health Informatics in the Context of Engaged Citizens and eHealth Services – A New CHI Meta Model
Authors: Wiesner Martin  , Griebel Lena  , Becker Kurt  , Pobiruchin Monika
Published: February 2025

Consumer Health Informatics (CHI) is a relatively new and interdisciplinary field in Medical Informatics. It focuses on consumer- rather than professional-centered services. However, the definitions and understanding of a) what is a “consumer”? or b) what is health technology in the context of CHI? and c) what factors and actors influence the usage of eHealth services? vary widely. The CHI special interest group (SIG) – associated with the German Association for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology – conducted two workshops in 2015 to improve the common understanding on these topics. The workshop outcomes, the derived CHI–specific meta model and examples how to apply this model are presented in this paper. The model supports the definition of multi-actor contexts, as it not solely reflects the conventional patient-physician relationship but also allows for the description of second health market providers.
User Experience-Take Multimedia Registration Panel as an Example
Authors: Lee Pei-Fen
Published: February 2025

Follow the transfer method that the popular technology products users share new item online, to encourage nursing staffs express their real experience, attract them involve the clinical IT development. Help the Technology Products more useful to improve clinical provider quality.