bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards Sovereign Skies: Aviation in Independent India 1948–1953
Authors: Iqbal Aashique Ahmed
Published: October 2022

This chapter traces the evolution of aviation policy in the first five years of independence, leading up to the nationalization of airline companies in 1953. The 1950 Bengal crisis foregrounded the importance of air power resulting in plans to rapidly expand the Indian Air Force. Civil aviation meanwhile was internationalized as a result of a series of bilateral negotiations between India and other major states. While India was able to claim formal equality with several rich western states, its material inferiority had resulted in decidedly lopsided outcomes in bilateral negotiations. Aviation’s success in protecting and projecting state power resulted in its nationalization in 1953, which heralded a new era of state control of air transport.
Kant's Deontological Eudaemonism
Authors: Grenberg Jeanine M.
Published: October 2022

This book defends the idea that Kant’s virtue theory is best understood as a system of eudaemonism, indeed, as a distinctive form of eudaemonism that makes it preferable to other forms of it: a system of what this book calls Deontological Eudaemonism. In Deontological Eudaemonism, one achieves happiness both rationally conceived (as non-felt pleasure in the virtually unimpeded harmonious activity of one’s will and choice) and empirically conceived (as pleasurable fulfillment of one’s desires) only via authentic commitment to and fulfillment of what is demanded of all rational beings: making persons as such one’s end in all things. To tell this story of Deontological Eudaemonism, this book first, in Part I, defends the notion that Kant’s deontological approach to ethics is simultaneously (and, indeed, foundationally and most basically) teleological. Then, in Part II, it shows that the realization of an aptitude for the virtuous fulfillment of one’s obligatory ends provides the solid basis for simultaneous realization of happiness, both rationally and empirically conceived. Along the way, the book argues both that Kant’s notion of happiness rationally conceived is essentially identical to Aristotle’s conception of happiness as unimpeded activity, and that his notion of happiness empirically conceived is best realized via an unwavering commitment to the fulfillment of one’s obligatory ends.
Resurgent India
Authors: Shettigar Jagadish , Misra Pooja
Published: October 2022

With the onslaught of the pandemic, countries worldwide were grappling with a humanitarian and economic crisis and India was no exception. In an effort to minimize its adverse impact, fiscal and monetary authorities stepped forward with conventional and unconventional measures to address supply and demand-side issues. Keeping in mind the macroeconomic scenario existing in India in June 2020, the authors decided to examine the important measures/policies announced by the Government and Reserve Bank of India and evaluate its impact on the country. Part 1 of the book looks at the preceding economic growth trends from 2010 onwards, examines the impact of the virus on India’s economic growth, provides inputs for Budget 2021–22 and analyses the impact on the country’s GDP, taking into consideration Q1FY22 numbers. Part 2 critically analyses policy initiatives, short-term and long-term structural reforms undertaken by the Government and RBI. Part 3 sketches out a roadmap of policy inputs and suggestions which need Government focus to build the country into an Atmanirbhar Bharat and make India, a self-reliant nation.
Farm Crisis
Authors: Shettigar Jagadish , Misra Pooja
Published: October 2022

Often, the country has been witness to agitations by farmers demanding remunerative prices for their produces. There is nothing wrong with a producer of a product or service demanding a just price. But the fundamental issue is why cannot they command a price, especially now that the country has adopted a market economy in the same way as suppliers of non-agricultural produces? This chapter seeks to address this fundamental question. No doubt, political leadership devised an easy tool called MSP and rather no government has failed in its duty of revising MSP upwards. However, it is important to understand that despite the continuous rise in MSP by practically every successive government the issue still persists. The chapter discusses the issue from a long-term perspective without going into the political aspect of the agitation. Basically two policy-related related issues are involved in the context of enabling farmers commanding just prices. First, providing appropriate and adequate infrastructure facilities to farm produces. Second, more importantly, facilitating farmers’ direct access to markets.
Economic Impact of the Second Wave
Authors: Shettigar Jagadish , Misra Pooja
Published: October 2022

With the second wave of the Coronavirus pushing India into a humanitarian and economic crisis, analysts and rating agencies were forced to revise the forecasted GDP growth numbers downwards for FY 2021– 22. The unprecedented rise in COVID- 19 cases had led to the country facing a severe shortage of medical oxygen, life-saving medicines and drugs. With urban India’s healthcare facilities collapsing under the sheer weight of increasing virus numbers, rural India’s threadbare healthcare system stood stressed. High-frequency indicators such as the Google mobility report, decreasing auto sales, and rising unemployment levels were seen to be in red. The chapter analyses the economic impact of the second wave. Interestingly, the second wave was more in terms of a demand shock rather than supply. Weak consumer sentiments amongst the affluent class and the spread of infection in rural India were some of the economic costs of the second wave of the virus.
Five Trillion Economy
Authors: Shettigar Jagadish , Misra Pooja
Published: October 2022

With India striving towards being a USD5 trillion economy and emerging as an economic powerhouse by 2024– 25, the moot point now being: Has the pandemic been a spoiler in achieving this aspirational goal? The chapter discusses various measures and policies adopted by the Government (such as Make in India programme, measures undertaken to improve Ease of Doing Business rankings, PLI scheme etc.) in its endeavour to achieve this goal. It gives recommendations on key aspects such as land and labour reforms, cooperative federalism etc. in which the Government still has considerable work to do to be able to achieve this momentous goal set by the Prime Minister.
Steps to Empower Farmers
Authors: Shettigar Jagadish , Misra Pooja
Published: October 2022

With the three agricultural Farm Acts promising to be a game- changer by the Government, these Acts meant empowering the farmer community by enabling them to come out of the shackles of the middlemen, and predatory moneylenders. Providing the required legal framework to facilitate contract farming in agriculture and allied activities was the main objective of The Farmers (Empowerment and Protection) Agreement on Price Assurance and Farm Services Act 2020. The chapter discusses how the Act aimed to liberalize agricultural trade and to accord considerable benefit to both parties, i.e. farmers would have a guaranteed purchaser while uncertainty regarding prices would be minimized. The Act provided a national framework and attempted to bring uniformity in the provisions of contract farming. This Act had sought to bring an attractive solution for both the farmers and buyers, i.e. a farmer could finalize the buyer and the price of his agricultural produce even prior to the harvest while the buyer was assured of the produce and price at the time of harvest itself. Long- term structural agricultural reforms such as the Farmers (Empowerment and Protection) Agreement on Price Assurance and Farm Services Act 2020 would have gone a long way in transforming the Indian agricultural ecosystem.
Power Sector Reforms
Authors: Shettigar Jagadish , Misra Pooja
Published: October 2022

With the Indian economy having set its eyes on and aspiring to be a USD5 trillion economy by 2024– 25, there are short- term and long- term structural reforms that the Government has been initiating and working towards. One such key reform on which there is still work pending is that related to electricity and power. Statistics for FY2019– 20 was indicative of the fact that India still suffers from a power supply deficit. Though the deficit has considerably narrowed in the past decade, the country still has some way to achieve the status of an economy with ‘power for all’. The chapter explores the fact that the regulator is required to maintain a balance between the service provider and consumers and the balance certainly cannot be titled towards the consumer alone and provides a solution for the same.
Inflation Targeting
Authors: Shettigar Jagadish , Misra Pooja
Published: October 2022

In the backdrop of rising inflationary numbers and a grim economic perspective, the RBI, in its MPC meeting on 4– 6 August 2020, had decided to leave the repo rate and reverse repo rate unchanged at 4% and 3.35%, respectively. The RBI maintained that its stance on the monetary policy was ‘accommodative’ as had been the case even prior to the pandemic. The decision to keep repo and reverse repo rates unchanged had been in light of retail inflation showing an upward trajectory and touching a high of 6.93% in July 2020. On the flip side, with experts predicting a contraction for the Indian economy of anywhere between 14% and 21% in Q1 of 2020, the chapter discusses if the RBI should have focussed on inflation or economic growth? It analyses if RBI should have taken monetary policy decisions based on WPI numbers also as against CPI numbers alone and rightly have aimed for economic recovery at the earliest.
Fine-Tuning of GST
Authors: Shettigar Jagadish , Misra Pooja
Published: October 2022

Goods and Services Tax (GST) implemented in 2017, one of the biggest tax structure reforms in the country, proved to be a game-changer and aimed at moving India into the next phase of economic growth. In the backdrop of the pandemic, post the lockdown announced in March 2020, October 2020 was the first month that witnessed GST surpassing Rs. 1.05 lakh crore, the highest recorded since February 2020. However, the key point that needs to be addressed now was: Any new reformative measure comes with its bag of teething issues. The chapter discusses that in the case of the revolutionary GST reform has India overcome the initial problems or is fine- tuning still required?
Agenda for Atmanirbhar Bharat
Authors: Shettigar Jagadish , Misra Pooja
Published: October 2022

‘Make for the World’ was an appeal by the Prime Minister from the ramparts of the Red Fort in his 74th Independence Day speech. In response to the negative impact of the coronavirus on the healthcare of citizens and the economic impact on the Indian economy, the Government, under the leadership of the Prime Minister, Mr. Narendra Modi, gave a clarion call for an ‘Atmanirbhar Bharat’, i.e. a ‘self- reliant’ India. Atmanirbhar Bharat or a self- reliant India is an endeavour towards making the country into an economic powerhouse that is self- generating and self- sustaining. The vision entails making India into a competitive, self- sufficient, resilient, and competitive nation embedded in the World economy as a nation actively engaging with the rest of the World in terms of trade, a manufacturing hub, and a knowledge exchange nation. Self- reliance means strengthening the country’s competitive power in the long run, unlike the import substitution of the seventies. A self- reliant India would be an India that is built on the pillar of ease of doing business (EODB) and better infrastructure facilities available for industrialists to invest in manufacturing. This would help generate jobs and employment, taking advantage of the demographic dividend and leading to more income in the hands of individuals resulting in higher demand for products and services. The chapter discusses various short and long-term measures and structural reforms which could help India move on the path of being an “Atmanirbhar Bharat” or self-reliant nation.
Gramodaya
Authors: Shettigar Jagadish , Misra Pooja
Published: October 2022

The Indian economy is constituted of approximately two-thirds of the population and 70% workforce residing in rural areas. India’s per capita GDP in rural regions is known to have grown at a CAGR of 6.2% since 2000. Agriculture and its allied services are the prime sectors of rural economy and rural employment. This sector had outshone the performance of the overall Indian economy, which had a growth figure of 3.1% in Q4, 2020 due to contraction in the core sectors. The chapter discusses how the winds blowing favourably for the agricultural sector could be attributed to a 15% better than normal monsoon, availability of water in reservoirs for irrigation, increase in sowing acreage area of Kharif crop with planting expanding to 80% of the 100 million hectares resulting in an increase by 18.5% higher than last year’s level, aggressive implementation of the MGNREGA scheme by the Government and various other welfare measures targeting the rural sector. Interestingly, rural employment numbers were leading the way with a 6.8% rural unemployment rate (nearing pre- COVID numbers of January 2020) as against the urban unemployment rate of 9.7% as in the first week of August 2020. FMCG manufacturers were confident of robust demand from the interiors and rural areas of the country.
Need for Land Reforms
Authors: Shettigar Jagadish , Misra Pooja
Published: October 2022

With the pandemic having adversely impacted the economic growth of countries worldwide and resetting the geopolitical agenda of nations, the central Government has recognized that this is an opportune time for rebooting, re-strategizing, redrawing, and reinventing the growth trajectory and re-positioning India in the World Economic Order. Given India’s demographic dividend and cheap labour cost and more importantly, being a democratic society, the country should poise to be and work towards being the world’s next manufacturing hub. However, one should not forget that in order to attract foreign investment and present the country as a credible alternative manufacturing location, the country needs to work on an important but unfinished agenda of Land Reforms. The Government does have an incomplete task in hand which is warranting its urgent attention in terms of easing the process and time required for property registration and making the business environment conducive for an industrialist for registering property, resolving property disputes, etc. The need of the hour for the Government is to bring about Land Reforms and work towards liberalizing the transfer of agricultural land to non-agricultural use, thereby maximizing land productivity output for the country.
Introduction
Authors: Lesser Rachel H.
Published: October 2022

This introductory chapter explains the desires of the Iliad’s characters and outlines how they generate plot; it also argues that the epic’s plot structure and character psychology engage audiences by arousing and satisfying their own desires. First, it identifies triangles of desire, featuring two parties in conflict over a third, as basic and pervasive structures within the Iliad, encoding sexual passion, longing for a lost love object, yearning for lamentation, and aggressive wishes and impulses, and explains the nature of these triangular desires and their interrelationship using psychoanalytic theories of mourning and studies of desire in literature. Then, drawing on literary theorist Peter Brooks’ ideas about the link between desire and plot, this chapter introduces the book’s central argument that desiring characters, and particularly “queer” characters who transgress norms of gender and sexuality, motivate the Iliad’s main plot of Achilleus’ withdrawal and return and the “superplot” of the Trojan War story. Again building upon Brooks, it is argued that the epic’s plot structure engages the audience by arousing and progressively satisfying our “narrative desire” to comprehend the full content and meaning of the story. Working from cognitive approaches to literature, it is also contended that the epic characters invest the audience in the Iliad by inspiring “sympathetic desire,” that is, hope for good outcomes for sympathetic characters, and “empathetic desire,” that is, urges, longings, and wishes felt in empathy with desiring characters. This chapter ends by theorizing how pain and pleasure attend the desire and satisfaction of both characters and audience.
Two Arguments for PII
Authors: Rodriguez-Pereyra Gonzalo
Published: October 2022

This chapter presents two arguments for the Principle of Identity of Indiscernibles, the principle that necessarily, no two concrete objects share all their non-trivializing properties, whether purely qualitative ones or impurely qualitative ones. The first argument appeals to broadly Humean considerations that rule out a certain type of necessary connection between distinct objects. The second argument is based on ideas about what grounds the having of certain properties by objects. The two arguments are explained and various objections against them are discussed and met. Although the conclusion of the two arguments is the thesis that necessarily, no two concrete objects share all their non-trivializing properties, the chapter shows how the second argument can be extended to apply to abstract objects too, so that what is established is the general thesis that necessarily, no two objects, whether abstract or concrete, share all their non-trivializing properties.
Modelling Gestural Virtues in Dante’sPurgatorio
Authors: Webb Heather
Published: October 2022

In Purgatory, penance is often enacted through gestural and postural practices that Dante briefly takes part in along with the shades he encounters. Reading and fully engaging with these penitential practices is challenging work and, as this chapter seeks to show, kinesic visualization and gestural elaboration may offer the most direct ways in to what the text presents. The chapter focuses on the examples of mildness on the terrace of wrath and the penitential reaching actions of the gluttons, in the text and as read through illustrations, particularly those of Sandro Botticelli. The gesture of reaching is contextualized within medieval prayer practices and the depiction of the virtues in the Scrovegni Chapel in Padova.
Ragnarök Illustrated
Authors: Hultgård Anders
Published: October 2022

The problem of Ragnarök in pictures is discussed at length. Previous interpretations suggesting the presence of Ragnarök motifs in Scandinavian iconography from Viking Age and early medieval times are critically reconsidered. The material includes picture stones, runic memorials, stone crosses from the British Isles, church sculpture, Viking Age textiles, and the gold amulets known as bracteates. The motif of the ‘great gaping beast’ occurs on several stones and other objects. Its proposed identification with the wolf Fenrir remains uncertain, however. Particular attention is devoted to the Gosforth cross, the Överhogdal tapestries, and the bracteates from the Germanic Iron Age. It is suggested that the idea of the final battle at Ragnarök, especially the role of the Einheriar, is alluded to in some of the iconographic material.
Destruction and Renewal
Authors: Hultgård Anders
Published: October 2022

In Ragnarök the world is destroyed but is also restored. The idea of a cosmic conflagration has parallels elsewhere. In Jewish and Christian traditions it is gradually developing and is connected with the Judgement Day. The early Old Norse edifying literature puts the world fire into the foreground. In the Graeco-Roman world conceptions of a cosmic conflagration alternate with myths of a destruction through a huge flood. Iranian tradition emphasizes above all the purifying function of the cosmic fire. Scandinavian mythology includes different pictures of the world’s renewal. The earth will rise out of the sea greening as before. The old gods who have fallen will be replaced by a younger generation of gods, Baldr will return from Hel. Curiously, Thor’s hammer did not disappear with the god but is transferred into the new world. A human couple having survived the conflagration in a protected place will give rise to new generations. Christianity displays less interest in a cosmic renewal, and in Judaism the focus is on the restoration of land and people. Again, Iranian tradition shows the closest similarity with the Ragnarök myth in emphasizing the renewal of nature and humankind.
British Members of the Institut de Droit International
Authors: North Peter
Published: October 2022

This chapter focuses on the makeup of the British membership of the Institut de Droit International. There have been 67 British citizens elected to the Institut in the 147 years of its existence. By far the greater number of British members have been predominantly interested in public international law, with only 13 or so out of 67 being members whose main interest has been private international law. For many decades, consideration of private international law in Britain was essentially limited to the study of the subject within the common law world. In more recent times, the work in this field of the Hague Conference on Private International Law and of the European Union has had a profound impact on the international study of this area of law and appears to have led to an increase in the number of British private international lawyers elected to the Institut. The chapter then provides short biographical accounts of the 67 British members of the Institut.
Concepts, Contexts, Corpora
Authors: Fendel Victoria Beatrix Maria
Published: October 2022

Chapter 2 is a toolbox of theoretical concepts and frameworks, an introduction to the chosen corpus of text and the error typology developed in Chapters 5–9 and an overview of the statistical methods applied to the error distributions in Chapters 5–9. Theoretical frameworks and concepts are linked to the areas of general linguistics, cognitive linguistics, sociolinguistics, and second-language acquisition. The select corpus of texts is a papyrological corpus and thus the description of the corpus is embedded in papyrological terminology and considerations. Parametric and non-parametric statistical approaches to the data are discussed.
The Basics of Coptic Grammar
Authors: Fendel Victoria Beatrix Maria
Published: October 2022

Chapter 3 provides a descriptive grammar covering the basics of Coptic morphology and syntax in a highly selective manner, in that the areas described are tailored to the areas of interest for the analysis in Chapters 5–9. The chapter is organized in paragraphs in order to facilitate referring back to it in later chapters. The overview draws primarily on Layton (2011), Haspelmath (2015), Müller (forthcoming), Reintges (2004), Till (1928), and Gardner et al. (1999). Furthermore, the chapter aims to show that Coptic is an autonomous language vis-à-vis Greek in Egypt, such that we study two equal players rather than two varieties of the same language in contact.
The Grammar of the Corpus (Standard and Variation)
Authors: Fendel Victoria Beatrix Maria
Published: October 2022

Chapter 4 presents an overview of the grammar of the corpus of texts. This overview includes all the standard patterns along with grammatical and idiomatic variations of these, for example for purposes of stylistic elevation. The chapter is organized in paragraphs in order to (i) facilitate referring back to it in later chapters, and (ii) serve as a stand-alone grammar of a corpus of early Byzantine Greek in Egypt. Quantitative data for each grammatical feature discussed are provided after the description and discussion of the feature. The penultimate section of the chapter considers edge cases, in which Greek and Coptic seem to have developed into a similar direction. This complicates the decision over influence vs coincidence.
Verb Phrases
Authors: Fendel Victoria Beatrix Maria
Published: October 2022

Chapter 5 is dedicated to the 2,045 attestations of the 436 verbal lexemes in the corpus. Most verbal lexemes appear in more than one syntactic pattern. The sum of these patterns constitutes a verb profile. Verb profiles are sub-divided into three groups of patterns, that is the collocation, the idiom, and the formula. The chapter is divided into four parts. Section 5.1 applies the concept of constructions to the complementation patterns of verb phrases. Section 5.2 details deviations by type of error. Section 5.3 evaluates the distribution of the observed errors against the predictor variables set out in Chapter 2. Section 5.4 presents avoidance patterns relevant to the verbal syntax.
Semi-formulaic Phrases
Authors: Fendel Victoria Beatrix Maria
Published: October 2022

Chapter 9 explores the semi-formulaic expressions in our texts. These semi-formulaic expressions appear in the letter body and reflect a writer’s considerations as to the structure and tone of the letter. The chapter is divided into five parts: Section 9.1 sets apart semi-formulaic expressions from formulaic expressions and introduces the concepts of signposting and hedging. Section 9.2 describes the standard patterns and established variants and variations of each relevant semi-formulaic expression. Section 9.3 contains the analysis of errors, both phraseological and grammatical. Section 9.4 evaluates the distribution of the observed errors against the predictor variables set out in Chapter 2.
Introduction
Authors: Abril Carlos R. , Gault Brent M.
Published: October 2022

This chapter explains and promotes general music as holistic music education. A holistic music education is one that recognizes the interconnected and dynamic parts of the music experience and builds upon connections to the self, others, and the world outside the classroom. It also attends to the whole person and triggers connections, through music, between the mind (cognitive), the body (kinesthetic), and the spirit (affective). The four dimensions of music practice—creating, connecting, performing, responding—are used as essential elements for designing such a curriculum. These are explained and presented within a conceptual model. Finally, the chapter considers what it means to be a holistic music educator and describes how to navigate the book.
Harun Nasution
Authors: Aljunied Khairudin
Published: October 2022

Chapter 3 examines the ideas of Harun Nasution, who belonged to the rationalist strand of thought. Nasution called for the return of “dynamic Islamic rationality” which demanded, first, a rethinking of the scope and nature of revelation. Nasution argued that the Qur’an emphasizes the primacy of the rational faculty endowed upon humankind for them to discern the signs of God in His creation. Rethinking revelation would not be complete without recovering the dynamism of Islamic interpretive traditions. Nasution considered hadith and ijtihad of the ulama as forming the core of Islamic interpretive traditions. However, some approaches to the prophetic traditions and ijtihad were, to him, in a state of inertness because scholars failed to view these interpretive traditions as open to critique. Thirdly, dynamic Islamic rationality required a movement beyond the theological conundrum in Southeast Asian thought. He stressed that the theology of divine constants—which is in opposition to fatalist and secularist theologies—would reclaim agency to Muslims and induce them to research, invent, and pioneer ways of thinking and living.
Kuntowijoyo
Authors: Aljunied Khairudin
Published: October 2022

Chapter 5 examines the ideas of Kuntowijoyo, the historicist, who advocated for an “activistic historical consciousness” which, to him, could serve as a powerful catalyst for positive transformations in Muslim societies. To achieve such consciousness, he argued for a reflexive attitude toward and critical appraisal of mythical, ideological, nationalist, and elitist theories and conceptions of history which inspired historical consciousness among Muslims. Kuntowijoyo also proposed the utilization of an integralistic form of knowledge that is inclusive of different traditions and ways of thinking. Lastly, he explained the need to incorporate a prophetic dimension into history toward the reformation of the lives and thought of Southeast Asian Muslims.
Cesar Adib Majul
Authors: Aljunied Khairudin
Published: October 2022

Chapter 6 examines Cesar Adib Majul, who was an integrationist. He corrects the limitations found in national histories which necessitates the countering of problematic imaginaries about territory and community. National histories imagined the territory of nations as largely stable through the passage of time and the communities within such territory as sharing common identities and collective fortunes. Such problematic imaginaries were resultant from colonial attitudes as well as Christian biases that persisted in the postcolonial era. Integrating Muslims within the fabric of national histories, as Majul has it, demanded historians to adopt a more emphatic perspective that incorporates the imaginaries that transcended the nation. Integrationist histories would also address the silences that populate national histories. Majul questions the inordinate magnitude given to selected events and personalities in most national histories, particularly those involved in the Filipino revolutions. By bringing to light these silenced pasts, Majul intends to reform the scope of national histories.
Beyond Sketches of Spain
Authors: Fraser Benjamin
Published: October 2022

No musician did more to shape Iberian jazz than pianist Vicenç Montoliu i Massana (1933–1997), who was known simply as “Tete.” Reflecting his fascination with the modernist aesthetics of mid-century jazz, Tete Montoliu was known for his quick fingering, his carefully crafted mix of lyricism and dissonance, his penchant for discordant crashes, and his development of highly original compositions. He boasted some 100 recordings spanning Denmark, Germany, Holland, Spain, and the United States, and performed with the most notable jazz luminaries, including Lionel Hampton, Rahsaan Roland Kirk, Dexter Gordon, and Archie Shepp. Acknowledging and drawing musical inspiration from the Black American jazz form, Tete fashioned an adjacent critical space shaped by his experiences as a Catalan and a person with congenital visual impairment living under the dictatorship of Francisco Franco. Beyond Sketches of Spain: Tete Montoliu and the Construction of Iberian Jazz explores the artist’s life, musical production, and international reception within a cultural studies framework. This book moves beyond mere sketches of Spanish nationhood to challenge conventional scholarly narratives and recover links between the United States, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, and Europe in the investigation of an impressive and often overlooked transnational modern jazz legacy. Eschewing Theodore Adorno’s denigration of Black American jazz, a more compelling model is found in Fumi Okiji’s notion of gathering in difference. In this work, Benjamin Fraser deftly mixes musical biography with urban history, spatial theory, and disability studies, fashioning a highly readable text for readers from all disciplines.
Introduction
Authors: Fraser Benjamin
Published: October 2022

The introduction provides a biographical overview of Catalan jazz pianist Tete Montoliu, conveys a series of relevant historical details and anecdotes, and articulates the larger argument surrounding his contributions to European jazz. Central to the book’s aims are three interconnected points made by Paul Austerlitz. These are: (1) that jazz remains “an art that is intimately tied to national identity in the United States,” (2) that jazz is “inextricable from its African-influenced base,” and (3) that jazz is “a major current of transnational culture.” Tete’s jazz legacy is placed in its proper historical context, as part of a musical culture that was stigmatized under the dictatorship of Francisco Franco. The argument is made that returning to Montoliu’s jazz work can help to destabilize traditional narratives of jazz in Europe and to recognize the importance of attending to disability in music studies.
Performing Catalanism
Authors: Fraser Benjamin
Published: October 2022

Chapter 3 explores Tete’s legacy in the context of his political identity as a Catalan and not a Spanish jazz artist. Drawing on Robert Davidson’s explorations in his book Jazz Age Barcelona, the chapter focuses on the early twentieth-century reputation of Barcelona as a jazz city that rivaled the musical cultures of Paris. The stigmatization of jazz is carried out in parallel to the stigmatization of Catalan identity under the dictatorships of both Miguel Primo de Rivera (1923–30) and Francisco Franco (1939–75). When the New Song movement developed as a political response to Spanish/Castilian power in the 1960s, Tete Montoliu expressed his Catalanism more directly through his piano work. The discussion emphasizes his proximity to the New Song movement, his performances and recordings with Joan Manuel Serrat, and his role in forging a market for Catalan jazz. It includes extended discussions of his albums A tot jazz (1965) and Catalonian Folksongs (1977).
The Influence of Commercial Industries on Public Discourse
Authors: Hilton Shona
Published: October 2022

This chapter investigates the influence that commercial industries have on public discourse about health and health policy. It first describes how commercial companies use the media to shape public and policymakers’ opinion in favor of weak regulation aligned to their business interests. It explores how industries gain traction and legitimize their role in regulatory debates, especially through framing strategies. Next, the chapter outlines new empirical work that is advancing scholarship on how commercial companies influence public discourse. It identifies the need to build on this research by comparing different policy domains and industry sectors. Such comparative research could provide further explanation for variation in public discourses across harmful products and industries. The chapter concludes by suggesting that research in this domain could transform how the practices of corporate actors are publicly debated and create a space for advocates and regulators to better influence and promote regulation to protect public health.
Weighing Evils
Authors: Zagzebski Linda Trinkaus
Published: October 2022

This paper criticizes the argument that the great quantity of evil in the world makes God’s existence less likely than a lesser quantity would because the probability that there are gratuitous evils increases as the overall quantity of evil increases. Often an additive approach to quantifying evil is employed in such arguments. In this paper, Linda Zagzebski and Joshua Seachris examine C. S. Lewis’s objection to the additive approach, arguing that although he is correct to reject this approach, there is a sense in which he underestimates the quantity of pain. However, the quantity of pain that exists does not significantly increase the probability that some pain is gratuitous. Therefore, the quantitative argument likely fails.
The Epistemology of Religion
Authors: Zagzebski Linda Trinkaus
Published: October 2022

This paper critiques a central argument in Alvin Plantinga’s book, Warranted Christian Belief. The paper argues that Plantinga’s strategy lacks the social usefulness we would expect if rationality is a common human property that requires us to engage in open discussion and evaluation in competition with alternative theses. The Plantinga approach is purely defensive and leads to a kind of epistemic isolationism. His approach to external rationality has the consequence that Christian beliefs are rational if and only if they are true. His approach to internal rationality makes the conditions for that kind of rationality so easy to satisfy that many beliefs of extremists are internally rational. That makes it very difficult for us to use social responses as a way to judge the possession of a property that ought to be recognizable by normal human beings. The social dimension of rationality is important because we live in a world of increasing global interaction by even ordinary people. We should welcome the confidence that Plantinga gave Christian believers in convincingly arguing that Christians have a solid line of defense against attack. What is missing is the importance of the commonality of all human beings in their rational nature.
Epistemic Self-Trust and theConsensus GentiumArgument (2011)
Authors: Zagzebski Linda Trinkaus
Published: October 2022

This paper argues that (1) epistemic self-trust is more basic than what we take to be reasons for belief, and (2) consistent self-trust commits us to trust in others. Epistemic self-trust is inescapable, given that the search for reasons leads to epistemic circularity, and given the more basic fact that we have no way to tell that there is any connection at all between reasons and truth without trust in ourselves when we are epistemically conscientious. It then argues that when we are conscientious we will inevitably come to believe that other persons have the same quality of conscientiousness in virtue of which we trust ourselves, and so we owe them epistemic trust in advance of reasons for thinking that they are reliable. The fact that someone else has a belief gives each of us a prima facie reason to believe it, and the reason is stronger when large numbers of people share the belief. The conclusion is that consistent epistemic self-trust supports common agreement arguments, in particular, a new form of the consensus gentium argument for theism, based on self-trust.
Christian Monotheism (1989)
Authors: Zagzebski Linda Trinkaus
Published: October 2022

Most arguments for monotheism ignore the Christian doctrine of the Trinity. This paper argues that there can be no more than one God in a way that gives the doctrine of the Trinity logical priority over the attributes traditionally used in arguments for God’s unicity—attributes like aseity, omnipotence, and omniscience. The argument of this paper makes no assumptions about the attributes included in divinity. It uses only the principle of the Identity of Indiscernibles and a Principle of Plenitude. The Identity of Indiscernibles is the principle that necessarily, if any object x has a certain complete set of properties in one world, there is no distinct object in any other world with just that set of properties. The basic idea of the Principle of Plenitude is that every property that is compatible with the essence of an object is something it is possible for it to have. The paper then offers a theory on the relationship between individuals and kinds that produces a plausible interpretation of the relationship among the persons of the Trinity.
Identifying Public Health Problems
Authors: Burris Scott , Berman Micah L. , Penn Matthew , Holiday Tara Ramanathan
Published: October 2022

Chapter 5 discusses the use of epidemiology to identify the source of public health problems and inform policymaking. It uses a case study to illustrate how researchers, policymakers, and practitioners detect diseases, identify their sources, determine the extent of an outbreak, and prevent new infections. The chapter also defines key measures in epidemiology that can indicate public health priorities, including morbidity and mortality, years of potential life lost, and measures of lifetime impacts, including disability-adjusted life years and quality-adjusted life years. Finally, the chapter reviews epidemiological study designs, differentiating between experimental and observational studies, to show how to interpret data and identify limitations.
Federal Public Health Authority
Authors: Burris Scott , Berman Micah L. , Penn Matthew , Holiday Tara Ramanathan
Published: October 2022

This chapter explores the powers of Congress to pass federal public health laws and to delegate authority to federal agencies. The chapter starts with an explanation of how Congress’s enumerated powers limits it to certain arenas of authority. It next explores the evolution of Congress’s use of the Commerce Clause to pass public health laws, before exploring Congress’s use of the Taxing and Spending Clause. The chapter provides examples of how Congress has used both the Commerce Clause and its taxing and spending power to effectuate public health policy. Next, the chapter explains the National Federation of Independent Businesses v. Sebelius case; it details challenges to the Affordable Care Act’s individual mandate and Medicaid and explains the implications of the Supreme Court’s holdings. Last, the chapter explains Congress’s authority to delegate authority to federal administrative agencies to issue and enforce public health regulations.
Administrative Challenges
Authors: Burris Scott , Berman Micah L. , Penn Matthew , Holiday Tara Ramanathan
Published: October 2022

This chapter introduces the basic elements of administrative law and some key related legal doctrines. It covers administrative procedure acts that govern how agencies make or promulgate regulations and the rights of the public to have input. It then addresses the law governing legal challenges to the validity of the rules that agencies succeed in issuing, such as the ultra vires doctrine, and how agencies defend their decisions through legal doctrines such as Chevron deference. Finally, the chapter discusses how people establish standing to challenge agency actions, through both administrative channels and the writ of habeas corpus.
Afterword
Authors: Burris Scott , Berman Micah L. , Penn Matthew , Holiday Tara Ramanathan
Published: October 2022

The public’s faith in the field of public health and the competency of public health agencies has been shaken by COVID-19. From our transdisciplinary perspective, we were keenly disappointed in the degree to which federal, state, and local health officials seemed to have forgotten the value of diversity of expertise and experience in developing and implementing public health laws. This Afterword considers how COVID-19 has brought changes to policy development, advocacy, implementation, and evaluation. It reaffirms the core premises of transdisciplinary public health law: that no single profession or scientific approach provides sufficient guidance for good policy decisions; that effectively using law for public health requires designing rules that can be enacted and enforced so that they render large-scale public compliance; and that practicing public health law requires good judgment under conditions of uncertainty.
Introduction
Authors: Lawrence Regina G.
Published: October 2022

This chapter provides a background on the brutal treatment of Rodney King, a Black motorist whose beating by LAPD officers was captured on video camera. For weeks, scenes from the videotape were shown repeatedly on national news outlets, giving rise to an unprecedented public reaction. The chapter also explains how the tumult over King was replaced by relative silence on the issue, occasionally punctuated by news coverage of other violent police-citizen encounters, such as the brutal NYPD assault on Haitian immigrant Abner Louima in 1997. The chapter recounts how since 2014 we have seen a series of deaths and near-deaths of Black and Brown Americans at the hands of police, shown on both social media and in mainstream media coverage. It discusses the shift of the politics of force, which was to some extent de-normalized in media coverage and the (white) public mind.
Hiding Facts
Authors: Wallace Jeremy L.
Published: October 2022

The sixth chapter shows how debts, pollution, corruption, and falsification accumulated over time as externalities of the system of limited, quantified vision. The center’s focus on a few statistical quantities left room for enterprising individuals to hide facts for their own benefit. Risky loans funded short-term investments to meet performance targets by leaders who left broken balance sheets in their wake. Corruption grew from merely pervasive to market-distorting. In China’s cities, who and what was counted led to the striking presence of slums amid ghost cities. Officials falsified data, “juking the stats” by which Beijing judged them. Statistical analyses demonstrate that GDP jumped during politically significant moments more than other, less politically sensitive measures indicated. Citizens, too, took advantage of the regime’s limited vision and manipulated data to their own benefit, as seen in examples of strategic divorces and “growing houses.”
The United Kingdom
Authors: Uslaner Eric M.
Published: October 2022

The United Kingdom has long had a political system based upon class voting. In recent years cultural shifts and increased immigration have led to a shift in attitudes such that historical identity is now more critical than socioeconomic divisions in vote choice. These nationalist sentiments have led many in Britain to favor withdrawal from the European Union and to highlight English, rather than Scottish or Welsh, identity as the historical legacy of the country. This ultimately led to the withdrawal of Britain from the European Union and the shift of the Conservative Party from one based upon anti-government economic policies to a party more focused on cultural issues.
What our ancestors knew
Authors: Kaimal Girija
Published: October 2022

As we map our journey across time, it is increasingly clear that creative self-expression in art forms is as old as human history itself. Examples such as prehistoric rock art are reminders that artistic expression has been a part of all human communities and civilizations. To fully immerse ourselves in the current contexts of creative expression, we must examine the role of indigenous and traditional artistic practices, particularly as they relate to promoting health and well-being. Indigenous and traditional artforms have elements that connect seamlessly from ancient to modern life and serve as reminders of the timeless aspects of the human condition. Many of these art forms have survived to this day, and each of us could trace back to a community of origin. In particular, the aspects of storytelling and narrative, contemplative and meditative practices, connection to nature, and sustaining a nurturing community are reminders from these arts practices. The unfortunate and oppressive history of colonialism and imperialism minimized the value and importance of these practices. Contemporary efforts in research and practice to better understand the value of these deeply integrated creative practices could offset some of these irretrievable losses.
Navigating adversity in adulthood through creative self-expression
Authors: Kaimal Girija
Published: October 2022

This chapter focuses on how adults can navigate trauma and adversity through self-expression. Creative self-expression plays a unique role in the times of adversity and challenges that we all inevitably face in life. Trauma and adversity across the lifespan can be mitigated with artistic practices. These creative expressive options are on a continuum, with distraction on one end and transformation, by making sense of our experiences, on the other. Stress and trauma might devastate us but they can also transform us, as seen in recent research on creative and post-traumatic growth. Our creative capacity as humans has helped us cope, innovate, adapt, and learn, especially in times of difficulty and adversity. In this chapter, the author shares specific examples where art therapy can been useful, including cancer patients and caregivers and military service members with post-traumatic stress.