bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Internet-based treatment of gambling problems: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Sagoe Dominic , Griffiths Mark. D. , Erevik Eilin Kristine , Høyland Turid , Leino Tony , Lande Ida Alette , Sigurdsson Mie Engen , Pallesen Ståle
Published: September 2021

Background and aims

The effect of internet-based psychological treatment for gambling problems has not been previously investigated by meta-analysis. The present study is therefore a quantitative synthesis of studies on the effects of internet-based treatment for gambling problems. Given that effects may vary according to the presence of therapist support and control conditions, it was presumed that subgroup analyses would elucidate such effects.

Methods

A systematic search with no time constraints was conducted in PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. Two authors independently extracted data using a predefined form, including study quality assessment based on the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Effect sizes were calculated using random-effects models. Heterogeneity was indexed by Cochran’s Q and the I
2 statistics. Publication bias was investigated using trim and fill.

Results

Thirteen studies were included in the analysis. Random effects models at post-treatment showed significant effects for general gambling symptoms (g = 0.73; 95% CI = 0.43–1.03), gambling frequency (g = 0.29; 95% CI = 0.14–0.45), and amount of money lost gambling (g = 0.19; 95% CI = 0.11–0.27). The corresponding findings at follow-up were g = 1.20 (95% CI = 0.79–1.61), g = 0.36 (95% CI = 0.12–0.60), and g = 0.20 (95% CI = 0.12–0.29) respectively. Subgroup analyses showed that for general gambling symptoms, studies with therapist support yield larger effects than studies without, both post-treatment and at follow-up. Additionally, on general gambling symptoms and gambling frequency, there were lower effect sizes for studies with a control group compared to studies without a control group at follow-up. Studies with higher baseline severity of gambling problems were associated with larger effect sizes at both posttreatment and follow-up than studies with more lenient inclusion criteria concerning gambling problems.

Discussion and conclusions

Internet-based treatment has the potential to reach a large proportion of persons with gambling problems. Results of the meta-analysis suggest that such treatments hold promise as an effective approach. Future studies are encouraged to examine moderators of treatment outcomes, validate treatment effects cross-culturally, and investigate the effects of novel developments such as ecological momentary interventions.
Post-transplant malignancies in solid organ recipients: development mechanisms and risk factors
Authors: Nikulin A. V. , Pashkov I. V. , Yakunin Y. S.
Published: September 2021

According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer, there were an estimated 19,292,789 new cancer cases in various localizations and 9,958,133 cancer deaths worldwide in 2020. These frightening figures clearly show that malignancies among the population is a pressing matter. The risk of post-transplant malignancy in solid organ recipients is 2–6-times higher than in the general population. Given the steadily increasing number of solid organ transplants worldwide and the gradual increase in life expectancy among organ recipients, studying the issues concerning risk factors and development mechanisms becomes a crucial task.
Comparative study of chondrogenesis of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells when cultured in collagen-containing media under in vitro conditions
Authors: Basok Y. B. , Grigoryev A. M. , Kirsanova L. A. , Kirillova A. D. , Subbot A. M. , Tsvetkova A. V. , Nemets E. A. , Sevastianov V. I.
Published: September 2021

In terms of method of production, collagen carriers are subdivided into materials obtained on the basis of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, particularly collagen-containing hydrogels and decellularized tissue.

Objective: to compare in vitro the ability of biopolymer microheterogeneous collagen-containing hydrogel (BMCH) and tissue-specific matrix from decellularized porcine articular cartilage (DPAC) to support adhesion, proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs).

Materials and methods. For cartilage decellularization, we carried out treatment with surfactants (sodium dodecyl sulfate, Triton X-100) followed by exposure in DNAase. The metabolic activity of hAMSCs was assessed by PrestoBlue™ (Invitrogen, USA) staining. The morphological study of cell-engineered constructs (CECs) formed by culturing hAMSCs in the presence of matrices was performed using histological staining and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with lanthanide contrasting.

Results. The number of cells on the surface of both BMCH and DPAC increased within 14 days. Mitochondrial activity of the cells was 1.7, 1.7, and 1.3 times higher on days 3, 10, and 14 when cultured on DPAC compared to BMCH, respectively. On day 14 of cultivation in the chondrogenic culture medium, hAMSCs formed cell layers on the DPAC surface and on the BMCH surface. Cytoplasm of the cells included numerous granules, which, when stained, resembled the matrix itself. On the DPAC matrix surface, cells were more evenly distributed, whereas in the case of BMCH, cell adhesion and proliferation were observed only in certain areas. The ECM produced by the cells contained collagen and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs).

Conclusion. The ability of DPAC obtained according to the developed protocol to form CECs with hAMSCs with uniform distribution of cells and their production of specific collagen- and GAG-containing ECM suggests that DPAC is effective in regeneration of damaged cartilage. Chondrogenic differentiation of hAMSCs was observed both when cultured with BMCH and with DPAC. When creating a tissue equivalent of cartilage in vitro, the advantage of using tissue-specific matrix over BMCH should be considered.
Emacs as a Tool for Modern Science
Authors: Johnson Timothy
Published: September 2021

It is human nature to prefer additive problem solving even if removal may be the more efficient solution. This heuristic has wide ranging implications when dealing with science, innovation and complex problem solving. This is compounded when dealing with these issues at an institutional level. Additive solutions to workflows with extra software tools and proprietary digital solutions can impede work without offering any advantages in terms of Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable (FAIR) data principles or productivity. This viewpoint highlights one possible workflow and the mentality underpinning it with an aim to incorporate FAIR data, improved productivity and longevity of written documents while improving workloads within industrial research and development (R&D).
Optimizing for Interpretability in Deep Neural Networks with Tree Regularization
Authors: Wu Mike , Parbhoo Sonali , Hughes Michael C. , Roth Volker , Doshi-Velez Finale
Published: September 2021

Deep models have advanced prediction in many domains, but their lack of interpretability  remains a key barrier to the adoption in many real world applications. There exists a large  body of work aiming to help humans understand these black box functions to varying levels  of granularity – for example, through distillation, gradients, or adversarial examples. These  methods however, all tackle interpretability as a separate process after training. In this  work, we take a different approach and explicitly regularize deep models so that they are  well-approximated by processes that humans can step through in little time. Specifically,  we train several families of deep neural networks to resemble compact, axis-aligned decision  trees without significant compromises in accuracy. The resulting axis-aligned decision  functions uniquely make tree regularized models easy for humans to interpret. Moreover,  for situations in which a single, global tree is a poor estimator, we introduce a regional tree regularizer that encourages the deep model to resemble a compact, axis-aligned decision  tree in predefined, human-interpretable contexts. Using intuitive toy examples, benchmark  image datasets, and medical tasks for patients in critical care and with HIV, we demonstrate  that this new family of tree regularizers yield models that are easier for humans to simulate  than L1 or L2 penalties without sacrificing predictive power.
The Evaluation of Patients Admitted due to Minor Head Trauma with Clinical Decision Rules
Authors: FİDANCI İlknur , DERİNÖZ-GÜLERYÜZ Okşan , ÇİVİT Elif
Published: September 2021

Aim: We aimed to identify patients admitted to pediatric emergency service due to head trauma using clinical decision-making rules.

Methods: This is a prospective cohort study involving who referred to a tertiary university hospital pediatric emergency service due to minor head trauma. Evaluations were made with PECARN, CATCH and CHALICE clinical decision rules.

Results: 326 cases were included in the study. 63.5% (207) of the cases were male, and their ages were 52±52 months (min: 1 day - max: 214 months). 61.9% (202) of the cases were admitted due to a fall. 15.3% (49) cases presenting with minör head trauma had a (computize tomography)CT performed. In cases under the age of three months the CT scan rate was 66.6%, while it was 11% in cases over three months. 50% of the cases who had a CT scan satisfied the clinical decision rules. However, two cases who had traumatic brain injury(TBI) in the CT could not be determined with clinical decision rules. There was a statistically significant correlation between the presence of severe mechanism of injury and TBI findings in the CT(p
Evaluation of The Predictability of Platelet Mass Index for Short-Term Mortality in Patients with COVID 19: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: ALGIN Abdullah , ÖZDEMİR Serdar
Published: September 2021

Objective

This study aimed to determine the predictability of platelet mass index (PMI) for short-term mortality in patients with COVID 19.

Material and methods

This retrospective, observational, cohort study included corrected COVID-19 patients. Demographics, clinical characteristics, biochemical and hematological parameters and the data of all-cause mortality within 30 days after admission were noted. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and odds ratio were performed to determine the discriminative ability of the scores.

Results

Of the 1564 patients, with mean of age of 44 ± 16 years included in the study. A total of 57 (3.6%) patients died within 30 days of emergency department presentation. There was a statistically significant difference between the survivor and non-survivor groups in terms of the platelet count, mean platelet volume (MPV) and PMI. According to the best Youden’s index, the cut-off value for the platelet count was determined as 146 (sensitivity: 91.8%, specificity: 87.2%), and the area under curve (AUC) value was 0.593 (95% confidence interval 56.7-61.9). According to the best Youden’s index, the cut-off value for the MPV was determined as 11 (sensitivity: 24.6%, specificity: 91%), and the AUC value was 0.579 (95% confidence interval 55.2-60.5). According to the best Youden’s index, the cut-off value for the PMI was determined as 1513 (sensitivity: 28.1%, specificity: 87.2%), and the AUC value was 0.555 (95% confidence interval 52.8-58.2).

Conclusion

Platelet count, MPV and PMI were not predictor of 30-day mortality in patients with confirmed COVID-19 in emergency department.
Case Studies on Immediate Implants in Extraction Sockets with Previous Periapical Pathologies
Authors: AD Alabdullah
Published: September 2021

Objective: The objective of this study is to illustrate several different cases of immediate implants in sockets of previous periapical pathologies that exhibited positive outcomes.
Introduction: Why We Need Critical Perspectives on AI
Authors: Verdegem Pieter
Published: September 2021

This chapter introduces the volume and lays the foundations of why critical perspectives are necessary to overcome utopian and dystopian perspectives on AI. It develops the argument that we need to ask critical questions and come up with a nuanced vision towards AI if we want to make sure that AI will benefit society at large. Key themes include: conceptualising AI, visions of AI in policies and ethics, the role of capitalism and power and the case for a radical democratisation of AI before articulating some key principles to follow in developing AI of benefit to all. Finally the introduction gives an overview of how the edited volume is organised and how the different contributions fit together.
Revisão sobre o lixo eletrônico e seu destino na cidade de Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, BRASIL
Authors: Rauber Rodrigues Luiz Henrique , Salinas Camarillo Victor Hugo , Alexis Lobo Eduardo , Machado Ênio Leandro
Published: September 2021

Os produtos eletrônicos descartados incorretamente podem causar muitos danos ambientais e, consequentemente, à saúde humana. Nesse contexto, foi realizada uma revisão teórica das leis e normas brasileiras sobre resíduos sólidos eletrônicos, empresas que atuam na área e a avaliação do descarte de resíduos eletrônicos na cidade de Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, além da potencial revalorização de computadores descartados localmente. Verificamos que existem soluções para a disposição de resíduos eletrônicos de pessoas físicas e jurídicas, principalmente empresas de informática da cidade, destacando que para as primeiras existe um local adequado na cidade denominado CEPREL (Centro de Coleta de Pneus e Lixo Eletrônico), mantido pela Prefeitura Municipal. As empresas têm seus próprios processos. Consideramos como benefício social que uma das melhores soluções municipais é o BTEC (Banco Social de Tecnologia do Vale do Rio Pardo), que coleta computadores desativados de empresas, os repara e doa a escolas e entidades beneficentes.
Fatores que afetam a disponibilidade de micronutrientes no solo
Authors: Dias dos Santos Fernanda , Fantinel Roberta Aparecida , Broetto Weiler Elenice , Cabral Cruz Jussara
Published: September 2021

Esta revisão bibliográfica visa abordar os micronutrientes, boro (B), cobre (Cu), cloro (Cl), ferro (Fe), manganês (Mn), molibdênio (Mo) e zinco (Zn), que mesmo sendo demandados em quantidades inferiores, são tão importantes para a nutrição e o desenvolvimento das plantas, assim como os macronutrientes. Normalmente, quando os níveis de micronutrientes no solo são considerados baixos, recomenda-se uma adubação corretiva para atingir teores adequados e adubações de conservação para restabelecer a quantidade de nutrientes exportada pela planta. Os micronutrientes são aproveitados pelas culturas em quantidades pequenas, porém, sua falta pode ocasionar grandes perdas na produção. Zinco (Zn), cobre (Cu), ferro (Fe), manganês (Mn), molibdênio (Mo), boro (B) e cloro (Cl) são os elementos ditos micronutrientes essenciais. Outros elementos, como o sódio (Na), cobalto (Co), silício (Si) e níquel (Ni), são considerados benéficos. A disponibilidade de micronutrientes de uma cultura é determinada pelos atributos do solo, como a textura, mineralogia, teor de matéria orgânica, umidade, pH, condições de oxi-redução e interação entre nutrientes. O entrosamento da dinâmica dos micronutrientes nos distintos tipos de solo e da solicitação pelas culturas, definição de doses, fontes e táticas de fornecimento de micronutrientes, ajustadas às condições locais, são conhecimentos básicos e essenciais para o aumento da produtividade dos cultivos e uso competente da adubação.
Estimativa de Idade em Remanescentes Ósseos: Contribuições dos Ossos da Cabeça e do Pescoço
Authors: Mello-Gentil Thamires , Souza-Mello Vanessa
Published: September 2021

A estimativa da idade a partir de remanescentes ósseos é um desafio da ciência forense, principalmente em adultos. Os ossos da cabeça, do pescoço e os dentes apresentam maior resistência e, frequentemente, são as únicas peças disponíveis para perícia. Este estudo teve como objetivo revisar criticamente os métodos disponíveis para a estimativa de idade a partir remanescentes ósseos da cabeça e do pescoço, bem como dos dentes na prática forense. Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura, utilizando a base de dados PubMed para as buscas com os seguintes descritores: “cranial sutures”, “teeth mineralization”, “cervical vertebrae”, “hyoid”, “age estimation” e “human identification”. As buscas de artigos foram restritas aos últimos dez anos. Contudo, livros, artigos clássicos e teses foram incluídos, mesmo que tenham sido publicados há mais tempo. A revisão da literatura mostrou que a idade de fechamento das suturas deve ser utilizada em associação com outro parâmetro devido à ocorrência de variações frequentes. O ângulo da mandíbula pode oferecer informações importantes para estimar a idade, porém a mineralização dentária a partir da utilização de exames de imagem ou técnicas histológicas oferecem subsídios para estimar a idade com maior acurácia. Os ossos do pescoço podem ajudar a estimar a idade, porém não devem ser utilizados isoladamente. Em conclusão, os dentes e ossos da cabeça e do pescoço podem ser utilizados em complemento à análise de outros ossos para estimativa de idade. Contudo, quando são as únicas peças disponíveis, o grau de fechamento das suturas, o ângulo da mandíbula e a mineralização dentária podem oferecer subsídios suficientes para estimar a idade, principalmente quando analisados juntamente a exames de imagem, técnicas histológicas e em associação com os ossos do pescoço.
Female impersonation and gender ambivalence: Does drag challenge gender norms?
Authors: van den Berg Elbie
Published: September 2021

This article explores the question of whether drag, in the form of female impersonation, unsettles gender norms. Some scholars and analysts of drag performance, such as Rusty Barrett (1998), James Scott (1990), Verta Taylor and Leila J. Rupp (2003), argue that drag is a form of resistance to dominant gender norms. I depart from these assertions and maintain that such a perspective overlooks the complexity of drag. While it can be argued that drag highlights the performative attributes of gender (see Butler 1996), drag queens in many ways affirm the stigmatised effeminate stereotype of gay male sexuality. It is thus too simplistic to posit drag performance as either subversive or reaffirming of heteronormative gender models. Building on the insights of scholars such as Judith Butler (1990; 1996), Lila Abu-Lughod (1990), Keith McNeal (1999), Carol-Anne Tyler (2013) and Caitlin Greaf (2015), as well as drawing on some of Andre Charles RuPaul's drag race shows, I argue that drag does not aim to challenge dominant gender norms. Rather, I maintain that drag highlights the inherent ambivalence of gender generated by heteronormativity, simultaneously playing with the inconsistencies between gendered cultural paradigms and actual experience. It is in this interstice that drag performance, as an art of irony and parody, opens up possibilities for gender multiplicity. Keywords: Drag performance, gender ambivalence, gender anxiety, gender norms, gender performance, RuPaul.
A HEXAGON RIGHT: THE SIX DIMENSIONS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN RIGHT TO BASIC EDUCATION
Authors: Chiedza Simbo
Published: September 2021

Notwithstanding the enactment of the South African Constitution in 1996, 23 years later, the need to determine the scope and content of the right to basic education has been a battlefield for authors. Whilst authors battle, complaints are made about the South African government charging school fees for basic education, decreasing pass thresholds for matriculants, students learning in dilapidated classrooms, non-delivery of text books, unqualified teachers and many complaints reminiscent of a failing basic education system. Despite citizen attempts to take the government to court for specific violations relating to the provision of basic education, in the absence of a law of general application specifically unpacking the scope and content of the right to basic education in South Africa, an ultimate question remains, what is the scope and content of the right to basic education for the purposes of its implementation in South Africa? This paper attempts to determine the scope and content of section 29(1)(a) using an international law approach. After engaging the provisions of international law as well as writings by other authors, the conclusion is that, in relation to its scope and content, section 29(1)(a) is a hexagon right that is, a right comprising of six interrelated dimensions. The six dimensions are that, the right to basic education includes primary and secondary school attendance, the right to basic education includes compulsory and free attendance of both primary and secondary school and the right to basic education is an unqualified right. Further, the right to basic education is a minimum core content of the right to education, the right to basic education must be available, accessible, acceptable and adaptable and the quality standard of the right to basic education is explained by the World Declaration on Basic Education for All, 1990.
Sydney Clouts’s poetry: Looking inwards, looking outwards
Authors: Chapman Michael
Published: September 2021

Intimate Lightning, by Dan Wylie, presents a detailed account and evaluation of Sydney Clouts’s poetry as phenomenologically driven: a poetry that invites readers to look inwards to the “speck and the fleck” of things in the natural world. At the same time, Wylie posits that Clouts is the finest poet of his generation in South Africa of the 1960s. In this article, I acknowledge Wylie’s engagement with the poetry while I question whether the somewhat relentless focus inwards is not too neglectful of those poems in which Clouts looks outwards to human interaction in the world. Such poems of abbreviated narrative, some of which I analyse in the course of my argument, suggest that looking outwards is necessary, at least, to consider Wylie’s claim that Clouts’s poetry is yet to receive its wider and just recognition. Given that Wylie offers little, if any, substantiation of Clouts’s standing as a poet among his peers, I move to a ‘summary’ perspective on Clouts in relation to what, I contend, is a rich and various poetry scene in 1960s South Africa. This leads me to the conclusion that the question of whether Clouts is the finest poet of his generation is not perhaps the question best pursued in Intimate Lightning. Where Wylie’s study succeeds is in reminding us that Clouts is a poet quite unlike any other we will encounter.
Development of Indonesia Scientific Publications of Physical Education in Reputable International Journals: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Hanief Yulingga Nanda , Kardiyanto Deddy Whinata , Winarno Mashuri Eko , Haqiyah Aridhotul
Published: September 2021

This study aimed to determine trends in scientific publications and map the scope of thematic research in the field of Physical Education, especially for articles published in reputable international journals (Scopus) writen by Indonesian authors. The research process was focused on the following questions: (1) how is the productivity of Physical Education publications developing in Indonesia?; (2) who are the main contributors (author, University, and name of publication) for the published publications?; (3) what are the thematic areas that attract the most attention of academics?; and (4) what topics are emerging in the field of publication?. It’s used the Scopus database as the source of bibliometric analysis data for the research sampling process. The samples were 55 articles found through keyword "physical education" in the "article title" published in international journals indexed by Scopus. This study applied keyword co-occurrence analysis to identify and explore the main thematic areas and topics that appeared in publications. The VOSviewer software was used to support the analysis process and visualize findings. The results of the study show that physical education is a research area that still needs to be developed, referring to the productivity of publications from 2013 to 2020, which the range of publication was still below 15 per year. The collected research results were scattered in the fields of engineering studies (21), social sciences (18), and materials science (14). The main contributor of the publication was Indonesian University of Education (24). The most prolific author was Tedi Supriyadi from the Indonesian University of Education. In the Physical Education publications, six major thematic groups were identified, namely: (1) physical activity of school pupils; (2) sports; (3) Physical Education; (4) health; (5) education; and (6) creativity. This study conveyed to public that the mapping using bibliometric analysis contributes to a better understanding of the development patterns of publications in the field of Physical Education. By finding thematic areas and topics appearing in publications, this study conveys information of important issues for further research and theory development as well as for educational practice or application.
Adatok a kőszegi Alsó-erdő egy fiatal tőzegmohás lápfoltjának algaflórájához
Authors: Bancsó Sándor
Published: September 2021

A kőszegi Alsó-erdő tőzegmohás lápja első említése óta jelentős átalakuláson ment keresztül, az eredendően összefüggő egyetlen folt mellett néhány évtizeddel később megjelent egy újabb, kisebb kiterjedésű is. A folyamat nem állt le, ennek eredménye az itt tárgyalt harmadik egység kialakulása, ahol a jobb, kiegyensúlyozottabb vízgazdálkodásának, és az egyéb optimális környezeti adottságoknak köszönhetően lassan, de biztosan elindult a makrovegetáció szukcessziója a tipikus tőzegmohás láp társulás irányába. Ugyanez a folyamat a terület algavegetációjában lényegesen előbbre tart, mondhatni, az algaflóra összetételében már a tőzegmohás lápok jellemzői mutatkoznak meg. A tapasztalt relatíve magas diverzitás az élőhely értékét már önmagában is jelentőssé teszi, és ugyan különleges, unikális algafaj az eddigi vizsgálatok során sem került elő, a veszélyeztetettként nyilvántar­tottak közül mintegy 27 faj képviselőinek (vala­mennyi a Desmidiales rendből) esetenként egészen nagy egyedszámú előfordulása ezt csak növeli. Mindezek alapján a terület megérdemli a fokozott figyelmet mind élőhelymegőrzési, mind kutatási szempontból, egyúttal további monitorozása hasznos informáci­óval szolgálhat a hasonló élőhelyek szukcessziós folyamatainak feltárásához, megértéséhez, és ezen keresztül hatékonyabb védelmükhöz.
El triaje de las vacunas
Authors: Casado María , López Baroni Manuel
Published: September 2021

The vaccination process is creating problems very similar to those that arose at the beginning of the pandemic due to both the shortage of vaccines and the relentless lethality of the virus. The speed with which the infections are progressing is forcing triage criteria to be established, but of a different nature from the hospital itself. Indeed, the number of variables has increased, since it is not only necessary to take into account health resources, but also geostrategic variables and international power balances. In a completely mercantilist context, vaccination plans are trying to reconcile ethical principles with efficacy, in a difficult balance not always resolved. In this article, we will analyze the vaccine implementation process in Europe, starting with the specific characteristics of the first approved vaccines until descending to the criteria for ordering the population in Spain.
Volunteers for clinical trials: from the history of abuses and exploitation to the inclusion movement, and to an income resource
Authors: Druml Christiane
Published: September 2021

Medical research is essential to develop new and better therapies, increase social standards and a better life for all of us. Scientific curiosity has helped to achieve many successful innovations, but history also demonstrates that research can lead to abuses of individuals neglecting autonomy and integrity of the human being. Since the 1960ies we have witnessed a continuous development of international regulations and ethics guidelines (soft law) in medical research, leading to a higher quality of scientific results. An important focus lies on recognizing human vulnerability and a therefore adapted informed consent procedure. Our modern clinical trials structure requires the inclusion of healthy volunteers in the first phases of the development of a new medicinal product, leading to new ethical questions and challenges. The Corona-Pandemic has accelerated vaccine development in a successful way also leading to a new importance of healthy volunteers in the medical research landscape.
Students’ Differences, Societal Expectations, and the Discursive Construction of (De)Legitimate Students in Germany
Authors: Bernhard Nadine
Published: September 2021

At higher education institutions (HEI), which for centuries served only to educate the elite, the composition of the student body is increasingly changing towards greater social and cultural diversity. Students’ differences are also the focus of this article, but not with a specific emphasis on preselected categories. Instead, the article asks how students in teaching in higher education (HE) are represented in the print media and professional discourse in Germany, i.e., which categories of difference are constructed as relevant in HE teaching contexts, which are normalized and (de)legitimized, and what is expected of HEI concerning these differences. Second, to what extent does this change over time, particularly concerning the new circumstances of Corona‐based digital teaching in 2020? The contribution is based on a combination of discourse theory and neo‐institutional organizational sociology. Discourses are a place where social expectations towards organizations are negotiated and constructed. Simultaneously, the discourses construct a specific understanding of HE, making visible openings and closures concerning different groups of students. Which students are constructed as legitimate, desirable, at risk of dropping out, or a risk for HE quality? Based on qualitative content analysis, the article shows that it is less the traditional socio‐structural categories such as gender, social or ethnic origin, or impairments, that are discussed to be relevant in HE teaching contexts. The reproduction of inequality and the associated discrimination is hardly discussed. The focus is instead on the students’ differences concerning individualizable characteristics, competencies, or study practices. Even though many of these individualized differences are conveyed via socio‐structural categories, this connection is often not considered in the discourses.
Rede Cegonha, Política Pública para o cuidado da Mulher
Authors: Lucia Mendes Lago Edith , Lúcia Abrahão Ana , Cardoso de Souza Ândrea
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: analisar as produções científicas brasileiras sobre as articulações políticas voltadas ao parto e nascimento para mulheres atendidas nos serviços públicos de saúde. Metodologia: revisão integrativa nas bases de dados e portais: Scielo, BDENF, Lilacs, e Portal Periódico Capes, com os descritores: Serviços de Saúde Materno-infantil, Rede Cegonha, Assistência Materno-infantil, Saúde da Mulher, Parto humanizado. Critérios de inclusão na pesquisa: textos disponíveis na íntegra, em inglês ou português, publicados entre julho de 2011 e dezembro de 2018. Resultados: A análise revelou o papel dos profissionais de saúde, as dificuldades da rede e como as mulheres usuárias se inserem nos cuidados dentro da rede. Emergiram três categorias temáticas: Atuação dos profissionais de saúde, Impasses da Política da Rede Cegonha e A rede e o cuidado à mulher.  Conclusões: A organização da Rede Cegonha ainda possui lacunas organizacionais e estruturais em relação às boas práticas no pré-natal e parto.
O desenvolvimento das competências socioemocionais na formação do enfermeiro: revisão integrativa
Authors: Oliveira Lima Thainá , Mara de Melo Tavares Cláudia
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: identificar como se dá o desenvolvimento das competências socioemocionais na formação do enfermeiro. Método: revisão integrativa de literatura, através das bases de dados LILACS, MEDLINE, SCIELO, IBECS, BDENF. A pesquisa incluiu publicações entre 2004 e 2019, sendo identificado 8 artigos para a revisão que obedeciam aos critérios estabelecidos. Resultados: identificou-se, nos artigos encontrados, que na formação do enfermeiro, o desenvolvimento dos aspectos emocionais dos estudantes de enfermagem ainda é incipiente, muitas vezes são tangenciados, ou trabalhados de forma indireta. Discussão: a proposta dos estudos encontrados é desenvolver uma gestão emocional interna que traga uma expressão emocional adequada às situações. Conclusão: os por mais que ressaltem a necessidade de quebra do modelo cartesiano/tradicional de formação, ainda seguem o norte de buscar uma conduta pronta, aceitável, identificável, conduzindo para racionalização de questões que são intrinsicamente da dimensão humana, como as emoções.
Representações das puérperas frente à assistência ao seu parto: estudo descritivo
Authors: Tomeleri da Fonseca Pinto Keli Regiane , Valongo Zani Adriana , Campaner Ferrari Bernardy Catia , Maria Garcia de Lima Parada Cristina
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: Compreender as representações das puérperas frente a assistência recebida no parto. Método: pesquisa qualitativa com 25 puérperas entre agosto e setembro de 2017, utilizou-se o referencial metodológico do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo, e o teórico das Boas práticas de atenção ao parto. Resultados: emergiram quatro ideias centrais, agrupadas em dois temas: 1) Humanização e satisfação com o momento do parto ( Estrutura inadequada, mas atendimento satisfatório; O cuidado humanizado e o apoio da equipe); 2) Descontentamento e Sofrimento gerados pela assistência durante o parto (Frustração frente à intervenção realizada; Desrespeito e falta de empatia dos profissionais da saúde). Conclusão: as puérperas mostraram-se satisfeitas com o cuidado recebido no parto e se sentiram apoiadas pela equipe de saúde, apesar das situações de violência obstétrica presentes nos discursos, o que distancia os cuidados prestados das boas práticas de atenção ao parto.
Terapias não farmacológicas no alívio da dor pós-operatória de cirurgias cardíacas: revisão de escopo
Authors: Daiane Gurgel Sarmento Sabrina , Vitoria Gurgel dos Santos Kauanny , Karolayne dos Santos Dantas Joyce , Vilar Soares da Silva Bruna , Vieira Dantas Daniele , Assis Neves Dantas Rodrigo
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: mapear a produção do conhecimento sobre as principais terapias não farmacológicas utilizadas no pós-operatório de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca. Método: trata-se de uma revisão de escopo realizada em 11 fontes de dados nacionais e internacionais. Selecionaram-se 17 estudos sem escopo temporal e sem restrição de idioma. Resultados: de 15.686 encontrados nas fontes, 17 artigos foram selecionados, sendo dez (58,8%) referentes a massagem, cinco (29,4%) a musicoterapia, e a acupressão e aromaterapia, com um (5,9%) cada. O tempo de intervenção variou de três a 30 minutos, com efeitos em até 30 minutos. Discussão: observou-se eficácia das medidas não farmacológicas no alívio da dor. No entanto, há uma limitação para o público pediátrico e neonatal. Conclusão: as evidências analisadas revelam que as principais medidas não farmacológicas utilizadas para alívio da dor no pós-cirúrgico de cirurgias cardíacas referem-se a massagens terapêuticas, utilização da música, acupressão e aromaterapia.
THE SPLIT IN THE UKRAINIAN COMMUNIST MOVEMENT IN CANADA IN THE 1930s
Authors: Dzyra Olesya
Published: September 2021

The article substantiates the reasons of the split in the Ukrainian communist movement in Canada in the mid-1930s at the peak of its popularity. They consisted of acquainting of its supporters with information about dekulakization, the Holodomor of 1932–1933, the Bolshevik repressions on the territory of the Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic, and so on. It clearly describes how this conflict took place in the Ukrainian labour-farmer temple association, which united Ukrainian communists, how it was perceived by its members, what consequences it led to and how it affected on spreading of communist views among Ukrainians in Canada. The society was divided into those who unquestioningly believed or knew the truth and equally supported Stalin's policy in Ukraine and those who condemned it and saw a different way of further life in the workers 'and peasants' state. It shows how the communist movement developed in the 1930s, how the so-called socialist segment stood out from it, who its supporters were and what ideas they professed. It is worth noting that for some time the "opportunists", that formed Federation of Ukrainian Labour-Farmer Organizations, could not decide on their socio-political position and hesitated on whose side to stand and whether to join the Ukrainian national-patriotic bloc of organizations or to function separately, despite the small number. The leading members of the newly created organization were D. Lobay, T. Kobzey, S. Khvaliboga, Y. Elendyuk, and M. Zmiyovsky. In August 1928, M. Mandryka arrived to Canada, delegated by the Ukrainian Party of Socialist Revolutionaries in Prague to seek financial support for Ukrainian socialist institutions in Czechoslovakia. It was to be a short-term mission, that transformed into a permanent staying overseas. M. Mandryka managed to unite Ukrainian socialists who had nothing to do with the ULFTA. The research also describes the directions of activity of Ukrainian socialists in Canada, their ties with other public organizations, political parties and future relations with former like-minded people. An attempt is made to evaluate the socialist movement and establish its significance for the social and political life of the diaspora.
TRAINING OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK
Authors: Didmanidze I. Sh. , Kakhiani G. A. , Didmanidze D. Z.
Published: September 2021

The methodology of neural networks is even more often applied in tasks of management and decision-making, including in the sphere of trade and finance. The basis of neural networks is made by nonlinear adaptive systems which proved the efficiency at the solution of problems of forecasting.
PROXIMAL ALGORITHMS FOR BI-LEVEL CONVEX OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
Authors: Luita A. V. , Zhilina S. O. , Semenov V. V.
Published: September 2021

In this paper, problems of bi-level convex minimization in a Hilbert space are considered. The bi-level convex minimization problem is to minimize the first convex function on the set of minima of the second convex function. This setting has many applications, but the implicit constraints generated by the internal problem make it difficult to obtain optimality conditions and construct algorithms. Multilevel optimization problems are formulated in a similar way, the source of which is the operation research problems (optimization according to sequentially specified criteria or lexicographic optimization). Attention is focused on problem solving using two proximal methods. The main theoretical results are theorems on the convergence of methods in various situations. The first of the methods is obtained by combining the penalty function method and the proximal method. Strong convergence is proved in the case of strong convexity of the function of the exterior problem. In the general case, only weak convergence has been proved. The second, the so-called proximal-gradient method, is a combination of one of the variants of the fast proximal-gradient algorithm with the method of penalty functions. The rates of convergence of the proximal-gradient method and its weak convergence are proved.
CONTROLLABILITY OF A LINEAR DISCRETE SYSTEM WITH CHANGE OF THE STATE VECTOR DIMENSION
Authors: Pichkur V. V. , Mazur D. A. , Sobchuk V. V.
Published: September 2021

The paper proposes an analysis of controllability of a linear discrete system with change of the state vector dimension. We offer necessary and sufficient conditions of controllability and design the control that guarantees the decision of a problem of moving of such system to an arbitrary final state. It provides functional stability of technological processes described by a linear discrete system with change of the state vector dimension.
PHYSICAL AND MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF THE WAVE QUENCHING CHAMBER WITH THE UPPER PART IN THE FORM OF A PERMEABLE WATERFRONT
Authors: Tereshchen L. M. , Khomicky V. V. , Tkachenko V. O. , Nikitin I. A. , Kharchenko A. G. , Abramova L. P. , Khiza I. A. , Kudybyn I. B.
Published: September 2021

This paper presents the results of mathematical and physical modeling of the interaction of waves with the wave chamber on cylindrical supports and the upper part in the form of a permeable waterfront. On the basis of the diffraction model the mathematical modeling of refraction and transformation of waves near the structure is carried out. In the presence of a structure, the transformation of waves is co-accompanied by the phenomena of wave destruction at the edges of the structure and the partial reflection of residual waves from the walls of the protective front. Reflection phenomena cause changes in wave heights along the front of the structure. The results of experimental data are given, which showed that the structure with such a construction is resistant to waves, large soil erosion was not observed.
Problems of protecting human rights in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Latypova N. S.
Published: September 2021

As part of the global response of States to the COVID-19 pandemic, most governments are currently forced to take emergency measures to respond to the emerging national threat, introducing bans and restrictions, establishing additional responsibilities and measures to control citizens, which inevitably raises the question of the need to preserve the fundamental principles of the rule of law and the basic constitutional rights and freedoms of man and citizen in the context of the pandemic. The purpose of this article is to analyze the main problems of protecting human and civil rights in the context of a pandemic and to determine the basic principles and rules on which States are based when adopting legislation that restricts the rights and freedoms of citizens.
Worldwide investigation of the mantle Rayleigh-wave group velocities
Authors: Gupta Harsh K. , Santô Tetsuo
Published: September 2021

abstract

An attempt to apply the crossing path technique to the division of the globe into similar regions of mantle Rayleigh-wave group-velocity dispersion characteristics failed because of the paucity of existing data (for about 80 great-circle paths). As a first step to achieve this goal, mantle Rayleigh-wave group velocities have been obtained for 31 new great-circle paths in the 80- to 240-sec period range. The data have been divided into four groups on the basis of dispersion behavior and compared with Dziewonski's (1971) results. An interesting finding has been the very high group velocities for the 6-MUN path, higher than any reported so far.
Velocity response envelope spectrum as a function of time, for the Pacoima Dam, San Fernando earthquake, February 9, 1971
Authors: Perez Virgilio
Published: September 2021

abstract

The spectrum of the velocity response envelope as a function of time for 5 per cent and 2 per cent critical damping has been calculated for the horizontal and vertical components of the Pacoima Dam accelerogram of February 9, 1971. The duration in terms of time and the number of cycles for a particular period of the response envelope above different levels are examined. The effects of critical damping and of peak ground acceleration on the velocity response envelope are also examined.
Simulations of the underground explosions generating longitudinal and transverse waves
Authors: Enescu D. , Georgescu Anca , Mârza Vasile
Published: September 2021

abstract

For the purpose of modeling the process noticed by Kim and Kisslinger (1967) regarding the generation of the two wave types (P and S) by underground explosions produced in spherical cavities, a generalization of Sharpe's (1942) and Blake's (1952) solution is made in this paper.

The expression for the transfer function of the source has been established. By means of this function, two electronic models for the simulation of underground explosions generating longitudinal and transverse waves have been designed.
Dislocation mechanism—the Parkfield 1966 accelerograms
Authors: Murray G. F.
Published: September 2021

abstract

The 1966 Parkfield earthquake accelerograms are analyzed with particular attention to clarifying the relationship between the observed motions and the crack propagation. The basic finding is that the crack propagation velocity was supersonic relative to the shear-wave velocity. A consistent interpretation of the accelerograms follows.

A crack propagated south along the E branch of the San Andreas Fault from the initial focus to about 612 km N of Station 2, and terminated there. A second earthquake was triggered near the initial focus, on the W fault branch, 0.55 sec after the beginning of the first fracture. This dislocation propagated south along the W branch past Station 2. With the assumption that the crack propagated along ordinary wave paths, the average Mach number (crack velocity/shear-wave velocity) for the propagation to Station 2 is 1.06.

Within about 0.3 sec after the crack propagated to the ground surface 0.08 km from Station 2, a permanent displacement of 2 cm took place parallel to the fault (NW). At about 1.3 sec after the dislocation arrival, relatively large nonpermanent displacements commenced in the horizontal components (to 9 cm in the parallel and 36 cm in the transverse), directed NW and toward the fault. Approximately equal displacements were occurring on the opposite (NE) side of the fault from Station 2, directed in the opposite sense, the parallel displacement being SE, and the transverse being SW toward the fault. The result of the compression on the fault plane was a sudden local deceleration of the slipping. The maximum accelerations occurred at the time. A Mach wave was formed and is represented on the records by the acceleration maxima. There is also an earlier, lower amplitude Mach wave from the initial earthquake. A third Mach wave followed the second by 0.82 sec. This is from the propagation of another dislocation down the E fault branch, again from the focal region, probably to the same location where the initial crack terminated. This third earthquake was promptly triggered by the second.

The dislocation near Station 2 stopped about 2.9 sec after it began. The crack propagated another 9 km SE of the station before stopping. Two possible stopping events, each with P and S phases, were recorded at Station 2. The permanent displacement calculated from the parallel acceleration component is in good agreement with the observed offset at Station 2. The large nonpermanent horizontal displacements are at present unexplained.