bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the efficiency of apple picking using a flexible manipulator
Authors: Semenov K D , Medyakov A A , Ostashenkov A P
Published: January 2022

Flexible manipulators are a promising executive tool in various technological complexes. In the process of collecting fruits, they can, in addition to their main task of delivering working bodies to the object of labor, also perform the functions of flexible guides. For the use of flexible manipulators in agriculture, namely in the operations of harvesting apples, developments are needed that are relatively cheap to manufacture in comparison with other flexible manipulators. To analyze the efficiency of apple picking using a flexible manipulator, a series of tests was carried out. As part of the tests, the process of picking apples was simulated using a flexible manipulator. The number of apples harvested for branches of various geometries was estimated. Within the framework of the discussion, the prospects of introducing a flexible manipulator in super-intensive gardens in Russia were assessed.
Digital precision farming technologies
Authors: Abramov N V , Semizorov S A , Sherstobitov S V , Gunger M V , Ufimtsev A E
Published: January 2022

A systematic approach to the use of digital technologies in precision farming is proposed. The scientifically grounded transition to digitalization of production processes in crop production includes two stages. The first is the formation of comprehensive data on terrestrial and space factors in the production of agroecosystems. The natural potential of the Northern Trans-Urals (1.6 - 2.2) has been established, which indicates satisfactory soil and climatic conditions for growing crops. The biopotential of agrocenoses was calculated for photosynthetic active radiation (PAR). The potential yield of spring wheat is 13.75 t / ha. In long-term experiments (1977-2020), the really possible crop yield was determined. The mathematical model of the formation of soil fertility parameters shows the intensity of growth or decline in the productivity of agrocenoses. At the second stage, in order to optimize life-supporting factors, innovative technologies for growing crops using space systems are being developed. The practical implementation of digital technologies begins with the digitization of fields, monitoring of soil fertility in elementary areas with reference to geographic coordinates. The use of precise technologies for sowing, differentiated application of fertilizers, pesticides, and yield mapping made it possible to reduce the cost of grain by 140 rubles / c and increase the profitability of its production by 24%.
Implementing and financing sustainable rural development in the Republic of Bashkortostan, by the example of the Ufa district
Authors: Nigmatullina G , Zapolskih J , Lazareva T , Hanova I , Salimova G
Published: January 2022

A key aspect of rural development is its considerable natural, demographic, economic, historical and cultural potential. Its reasonable, effective and efficient fulfillment can provide diversification, full employment, and high living standards in rural settlements. Rural development is a long-term action plan, it is a strategy for the socio-economic development of rural areas. The Strategy of socio-economic development of rural territories is a document defining the priorities, goals and objectives of socio-economic development of rural territories for the long term, corresponding to the priorities, goals and objectives of socio-economic development of rural territories of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Bashkortostan. The given paper discusses the strategy of sustainable rural development in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The work highlights factors hindering the program implementation. These include a manpower shortage, insufficient funding, weak infrastructure and others. There is a brief overview of the current state of the agro-industrial complex in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The study suggests a draft financial support for the municipal program of integrated development by the example of the Ufa district. The authors consider the cause-and-effect relationship between the amount of financing and the pace of rural development.
Food security of Kuzbass: state, problems, and prospects
Authors: Panasenko N A
Published: January 2022

Food security is one of the essential components providing the country’s economic security. The article analyzes the state of the agro-industrial complex in Kuzbass over the past three years. The author analyzed the consumption of food products in comparison with the recommended consumption rates per a person. As a result, some problems were identified. The analysis of the production and consumption of food products in the region was carried out. During the analysis, it was revealed that in 2020, the level of the Kemerovo region self-sufficiency for a larger range of product, with the exception of bread and bakery products, potatoes, eggs and confectionery, is below 100%. The level of economic and physical availability of food in the region has been calculated. It is concluded that the food consumption structure of the Kemerovo region population is not rational; in recent years, the consumption of meat and meat products has increased dramatically by almost 30%, and the consumption of sugar and confectionery has also increased by more than 15%. The population in smaller quantities consume all other food products than it is assumed by the consumption standards. The pursuit of food security is a continuous process, but priorities and the mechanism for their implementation can change under the influence of various factors. The article also presents the prospects for improving food security.
Using the project methodology to improve environmental education for students of technical specialties
Authors: Yekimov Sergey , Aleksey Masenko , Natalia Grankina , Bruslova Olga , Bruslov Alexandr
Published: January 2022

Environmental education of students of technical specialties should take into account the features of their future specialty. Within the framework of economic activity, humanity has a significant impact on the state of the environment. Natural resources, which took millions of years to form, are used in the production of various material goods. This production process leads to negative phenomena associated with the destruction of the fragile natural balance. In addition to the impact of biocenosis, economic activity also worsens the environmental situation and has a negative impact on the existence of human civilization itself. For effective public control and monitoring of the state of the natural environment, the necessary conditions are the availability of environmental education among the population and the training of technical specialists capable of solving various environmental problems. The project form of training allows to increase the efficiency of specialists of technical specialties. And the use of projects related to environmental problems in the learning process gives students the opportunity to supplement their environmental knowledge. The poor environmental situation is the main reason for the decrease in the level of immune status and the increase in morbidity in the population. The sustainable development of human society can be achieved only if a dynamic balance is established between the needs of man and the ability of nature to self-repair.
The use of information technologies to assess the parameters of environmental safety of technological processes in the agro-industrial complex
Authors: Udartseva O V
Published: January 2022

Agro-industry involves the adoption of a set of measures to preserve the harvest. A well-proven method is the treatment of crops with chemicals. The effectiveness of this method is beyond doubt, but the question about the environmental safety of the technological process arises. The lack of environmental monitoring of the spraying system does not allow controlling the incomplete deposition of chemical plant protection products, i.e. soil contamination. As a proposal for solving this problem, an information and software complex equipped with touch sensors has been developed. Sensors are installed on plants and on the soil, which makes it possible to measure the concentrations of precipitated particles during the spraying process, considering environmental safety parameters. The received information is transferred to the system database. The use of an information and software complex, if necessary, allows to make operational decisions on the regulation of the chemicalization process and the preservation of soil quality.
About agricultural products, raw materials and food with improved characteristics (scientific commentary on the Federal Law)
Authors: Voronin B A , Chupina I P , Voronina Ya V , Kukhar V S , Simachkova N N
Published: January 2022

The production of ecological agricultural products in all countries of the world is one of the main tasks of the further existence of society. Nowadays, this direction is usually called the “green economy”. But, if in many European countries this direction has been developing quite successfully for several decades, then in Russia it is only at the initial stage of development. Our country occupies 12% of the entire world territory and has a favorable geographical position between Europe and Asia. And now Russia must occupy its own niche in the world market for the production of environmentally friendly products. For this, a number of legislative acts and federal laws were adopted in the country aimed at creating environmentally friendly agricultural products and in industrial production. Adopted on June 11, 2021, Federal Law No. 159-FZ “On agricultural products, raw materials and food with improved characteristics” [1] establishes the legal basis for the implementation of agricultural and other activities related to the production, storage, transportation and sale of agricultural products, food, industrial and other products with improved characteristics.
Application of the project method in the preparation of students of chemical specialties to improve their environmental competence
Authors: Pet’ko Lyudmila , Lebid Olha , Lesyk Anzhelika , Harkusha Inesa , Kryzhanovskyi Andrii
Published: January 2022

The use of a project methodology based on the solution of environmental projects in the training of modern specialists in the field of chemistry makes it possible for them to form ecological thinking. Working on environmental problems helps to realize the importance of solving them for ensuring sustainable development. The project activity of students helps to expand their horizons, and the process of implementing environmental projects provides an opportunity to acquire skills for solving issues related to solving environmental problems. Modern environmental science is a complex of knowledge that combines elements of social, technical, humanitarian and natural disciplines. Modern specialists in the field of chemistry should have the skills of effective actions in solving various environmental problems. The formation of ecological consciousness and the desire for independent cognitive activity in the field of ecology, in our opinion, should be attributed to the priority tasks of the modern educational process. In conditions of intensive use of natural resources in the framework of economic activity, it is necessary to train specialists with environmental competencies to ensure conditions for sustainable development.
Optimization of the harvesting and transport complex work in forage conservation
Authors: Iovlev G A , Sahakyan M K , Nesgovorov A G , Sadov A A , Goldina I I
Published: January 2022

The need to use high-performance machinery in agriculture is caused by a number of reasons. The main of them is the development of scientific and technological progress, both in the economy as a whole and in the agricultural sector. This is aimed at increasing labor productivity, reducing costs, and improving production efficiency. All of this is relevant due to a decrease in the number of agricultural machinery working in agricultural production, a decrease in the area of arable land and the area of sowings of specific crops, including forage crops. Of the entire production process of forage conservation, the most important is harvesting. The quality of harvested forage directly depends on the calendar terms of harvesting, duration. With the appearance and use of high-performance forage harvesters of domestic and foreign production in forage harvesting technologies, there was an objective need to create harvesting and transport complexes (HTC). For the effective HTC operation, information is needed on the optimal combination of the number of forage harvesters, vehicles, equipment for leveling and “ramming” the green mass in the silo trench.
Formation when using interspecific crossings in the Ribesia subgenus
Authors: Golyaeva Olga , Panfilova Olga , Kalinina Olga , Okatan Volkan
Published: January 2022

The aim of the research was to study the offspring from the open pollination of ES 1674-30-30 by the main economically important traits for the crop and to isolate valuable genotypes. During the record, it was revealed that some seedlings inherited from the parent form a trait of apical fruiting. Of the 79 seedlings of such atypical plants, there were 18 seedlings, which was 23.7%. In all years of the observation, the average raceme length for the group of seedlings with apical fruiting exceeded the average for typical seedlings of this family. There were no significant differences in the weight of 100 berries between the groups of seedlings. It was found that plants with apical fruiting aged faster than ordinary seedlings. As a result of the research, it was found that the family 2521 was of breeding value for the yield of long-raceme seedlings resistant to fungal diseases.
Application of elastic stability of flat and spatial shapes of rods in agriculture
Authors: Arinicheva I V , Arinichev I V , Sergeeva I.O.
Published: January 2022

In various elements of building structures, pipelines and tanks, ships and submarines, aircraft and spacecraft, in the oil and gas industry, in agriculture, elastic rods, shells and plates are widely used, for which the stability of the forms of equilibrium determines the conditions for their trouble-free operation. Today, the literature contains a huge number of works devoted to both the solution of individual particular problems and the development of general methods for analyzing the stability of equilibrium forms of elastic systems. Despite this, many problems still need to be studied. In particular, in the well-known works on the theory of stability of elastic systems, the most difficult problems include the problems of bending of heavy elastic rods, experiencing the joint action of inhomogeneous force factors. These tasks remain poorly understood, despite their importance for many agricultural and industrial processes. The article investigates the stability of elastic rods (stems), loaded at the ends by concentrated moments, and investigates the influence of the characteristics of distributed stiffness on the value of critical moments, which is a mathematical model of maintaining the stability of the stem of a cereal plant during lodging. For stems with the same bending stiffness in different planes, within the framework of the static approach, the influence of the variability of the distributions along the rods of bending stiff nesses on the critical values of the torques at which the loss of stability occurs is studied.
“Green Economy”, nuclear energy and “natural capitalism”: dialectics of development
Authors: Stozhko K P , Stozhko D K , Shilovtsev A V , Sorokina N , Makarova T
Published: January 2022

The article reveals the content of the concepts of “green economy” and “natural capitalism”, the history of their appearance in science and the modern semantic context. The role of the idea of coevolution of the modern biosphere and the processes of transformation of traditional biogeocenoses into anthropobiogeocenoses with a decisive human influence in them is revealed. The risks of nuclear energy development and the state of the “green economy” are compared. The necessity of a more active formation of a new type of economy – an ecological economy that meets the tasks of reproduction of the natural environment is put forward and justified. The initial step on this path should be the adoption of the “Environmental Code” of the Russian Federation and the humanitarian reformatting of the thinking of the person based on ecological culture and ecological consciousness.
The basic provisions of the concept of ecologically oriented agroecosystem management
Authors: Khalishkhova L Z , Guchapsheva I R , Temrokova A Kh , Marzhokhova M A , Bagova O I
Published: January 2022

The study discusses the problems of forming the concept of a balanced, environmentally oriented management of the agroecosystem. A set of parameters for managing the agroecosystem is formulated, determinants-constraints of the management process are identified, the possibilities of using an adaptive approach in agriculture are considered, the contribution of the mechanisms of self-organization and self-support of the agroecosystem to the optimization of its functioning is assessed, the most significant blocks of the structure of self-organization of the agroecosystem are identified.
Development of measures to stabilize the financial condition of the fishing enterprise
Authors: Bobkova E Yu , Rakhmatullina A R , Vorobyev D I , Tikhomirov E A , Borisova E L
Published: January 2022

As a result of the evaluation of the indicators of a large fishing enterprise of the Volga-Caspian basin (carrying out extraction and processing of biological resources), proposals were presented to reduce the value of the property and sources of financing of the organization, and this decrease was generally balanced with changes in revenue and profit of the enterprise. Considering the results of the analysis, as well as external and internal factors of the organization’s functioning, it is recommended to create a planning system to ensure financial stability in subsequent periods. Implementation is possible with the organization of the budgeting process. A stock management strategy was proposed to optimize their volume and structure. ABC analysis was used for this purpose, which made it possible to strengthen control over the main types of stocks and improve management efficiency. The proposed measures will facilitate the release of funds and contribute to the stabilization of the financial condition of the enterprise.
Analysis and recommendations for improving the financial stability of agricultural production
Authors: Kuchumov A V , Vorobyev D I , Gorbunova O A , Tikhomirov E A , Byankina V S
Published: January 2022

Improving the financial stability of enterprises producing agricultural products is a priority direction of activity control. The analysis of financial activity of the enterprise producing agricultural products is presented. To assess the overall dynamics of financial stability, a horizontal and vertical analysis of the analytical balance sheet was carried out. The analysis of the main indicators of financial stability was carried out, the analysis was carried out using absolute indicators based on a comparison of the value of reserves and costs with sources of financing. As a result of the conducted research, it was revealed that the positive results of production and financial activities also contributed to the increase in the well-being of the enterprise owners in 2018-2020. The level of profitability on equity in 2018-2020 increased significantly (by 2.45% and 34.36% points). The only factor that played a negative role in this was the growth of the leverage ratio. Based on the data obtained, recommendations are made to improve the financial stability of the enterprise.
Problems of providing qualified personnel for the agricultural complex of the region
Authors: Volkov V I , Zueva O N , Nabokov V I , Nekrasov K V
Published: January 2022

In the course of the study, the issues of providing personnel to enterprises of the agro-industrial complex were considered. It is shown that more than half of domestic enterprises have the problem of shortage of professional personnel. In agro-industrial enterprises, the proportion of workers who have vocational education is decreasing. Rural settlements are losing able-bodied residents, and enterprises have the problem of aging workers. The analysis of the reasons that lead to the outflow of rural residents was carried out. It is concluded that the important reasons for population outflow are the low salaries of workers and the difficult social and economic situation in rural areas in the Perm Territory. A targeted program for the development of rural areas is being implemented. It is aimed at solving the housing problem of workers, the construction of schools and preschool institutions, paramedic and obstetric facilities, modern sports facilities, and improving infrastructure in rural areas. The analysis of this program was carried out. We came to the conclusion that the main factors securing young people at these enterprises are their salaries and living conditions. To involve young personnel in the agricultural sector, it is necessary to provide them with modern housing and increase their salary to the average in the region. It is also necessary to develop an appropriate transport network in rural areas, build infrastructure facilities, and carry out technical re-equipment of production.
Line conditions of different-age arable soils of landscape catens of central forest-steppe
Authors: Kovalyova Elena , Akinchin Alexander , Linkov Sergej , Kotlyrova Ekaterina , Orazaeva Irina
Published: January 2022

The study of acid-alkaline conditions of arable soils in different terms of agricultural use was carried out in the Belgorod region on a key site corresponding to the meadow-steppe zone landscape of the forest-steppe. As a result of field studies, 32 incisions were studied in the meadow-steppe section (6 incisions on background catens and 12 incisions on open catens). Each incision was provided with layered values of morphometric indicators of soil horizons. For background steppe soils, shade slopes are characterized by more alkaline conditions, in comparison with southern slopes. For 140-year-old arable land, the situation is opposite: shadow slopes have a more acidic reaction of the medium, in comparison with insoluble ones; for 240-year-old arable land, alkaline-acid conditions on the slopes of opposite exposures do not significantly differ. In the first 140 years of plowing, acidification of the soil profile occurs; the difference in the pH value between the background and arable land values of 140 years of age on the slope of the northern exposition reaches 1.6 on the surface, gradually decreasing to 0.2 at depth. Further plowing leads to alkalization of the soil profile by 0.6-0.9 pH units, however, the initial, background level is not achieved.
Improving the technology of gluing solid wood due to the impact of negative air ions
Authors: Nosonovskikh K V , Gazeev M V
Published: January 2022

Aeroionization is actively used in various fields of science and industry. It plays an important role for medicine, as it is used for disinfecting premises and has a therapeutic effect on living organisms. This paper discusses the use of aeroionization to intensify the curing of the glue line and improve its quality characteristics. The positive effect of negative aeroins on the process of wood gluing is theoretically described and experimentally confirmed.
The effect of mineral fertilizer on the harmfulness of phyllophages in the cultivation of Epilobium angustifolium
Authors: Starkovskiy B N , Simonov G A , Malinovskaya Yu N , Simonov A G
Published: January 2022

In the experiments, the effect of mineral fertilizers in a dose of N120 P120K120 on phyllophages harmfulness on plants while cultivating Epilobium angustifolium has been studied. The research was carried out on 3 summer Epilobium angustifolium plantings in the conditions of the North-Western region of Russia in the Vologda region. The article notes the positive effect of mineral fertilizers on the productivity of Epilobium angustifolium plants. It has been revealed that the use of fertilizers reduces the damage to plants caused by phyllophages by 13%, and this agrotechnical technique effectiveness is expressed in the yield increase of 3.9%.
Formation of phytocenoses on lands disturbed by oil extraction in the Udmurt Republic
Authors: Iteshina N M , Shabanova E E , Osmachko O E , Belosludtseva S G
Published: January 2022

The Udmurt Republic is a region in which the oil extraction industry occupies a leading place in the economy along with metallurgy and mechanical engineering. Oil exploration work has been carried out here since the 40s of the XX century. Today, there are over 120 oil fields in the territory of Udmurtia. Every year, geological exploration of the subsoil contributes to the identification of new territories in which work on hydrocarbon raw materials’ extraction is planned in the future. A significant part of these territories is located on the lands of the forest fund. To characterize the dynamics of environmental conditions and predict measures for the rational formation of post-technogenic territories, it is important to study the overgrowing processes of disturbed lands. The study of technogenic landscapes makes it possible to assess the disturbance degree of the vegetation, living ground cover. The article shows the features of phytocenoses formation, their species diversity in the conditions of oil production on the territory of the Udmurt Republic. The growth and development of living ground cover, natural regeneration of tree species depending on the age and degree of pollution have been investigated. It was found that with an increase in the technogenesis age, an increase in the proportion of forest species in phytocenoses takes place. Therefore, when forecasting for a longer period, one can expect the formation of plant communities mainly from forest tree and shrub species.
Criteria and indicators of synergistic efficiency of food industry enterprise management
Authors: Kondratiev D V , Osipov A K , Gainutdinova E A , Abasheva O V , Ostaev G Ya
Published: January 2022

A synergistic approach to production management is becoming fundamental in ensuring the sustainable and efficient functioning and development of organizations. The aim of the study is to substantiate the methodological toolkit for assessing the synergistic management efficiency of the food industry enterprise. The paper briefly examines the positions of individual scientists, revealing the view of modern science on understanding synergy, the sources of its origin and approaches to the extraction of synergistic effect in the economy, business, and production. As a result of generalization of the research previously presented in science, the authors clarified and systematized the factors and conditions of synergy, which are divided into two groups - internal and external. On the basis of the system of synergy factors, the article substantiates a formalized system of criteria and indicators for assessing the synergetic efficiency of managing a food industry enterprise. The paper provides an example of calculating and evaluating the proposed criteria and indicators based on materials from one of the food industry enterprises, as well as reasoning and conclusions about the future actions of the management of this enterprise. The presented system of criteria and indicators makes it possible to judge the level of synergistic efficiency of management and the degree of influence of individual factors of synergy on the financial results of the enterprise. The technique can be used by the management of enterprises in the development and substantiation of promising (medium-term) management decisions and programs for the development of enterprises.
Changes in Food Behavior of Russians in the Context of the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Zhuravleva L , Zarubina E , Kruzhkova T , Rushitskaya O , Ruchkin A
Published: January 2022

The subject of the article is the eating behavior of Russians under conditions of the Covid-19 pandemic. We defined the purpose of the study as to study the changes in the eating behavior of the main socio-demographic groups of Russian society in 2020-2021 during the Covid-19 pandemic. The material of the study includes the works of foreign and Russian authors in the field of the study of food systems and food behavior of various social of various social groups under conditions of the Covid-19 pandemic. The methods used are divided into two groups: theoretical and empirical. The group of theoretical methods included: systematic approach, analysis of the works of foreign and domestic researchers on changes in world and regional food systems, and in individual food practices in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. The empirical method is represented by a series of expert interviews conducted by the authors of the study in August - September 2021. The study showed that changes in the eating behavior of Russians during the Covid-19 pandemic are contradictory and non-linear, they are embedded in the regional food system and have a significant impact on local food markets. The study demonstrates importance of further interdisciplinary study of the food practices, in general, food culture of various social groups in Russian society. Such studies are necessary for the development and smooth functioning regional food systems, for a comprehensive solution to the problems of ensuring of food security under the conditions of economic recession caused by the Covid-19 pandemic.
A new innovative irrigation method for wood, shrub crops and grapes
Authors: Vaulin A Yu
Published: January 2022

The article analyzes the main disadvantages of traditional methods of watering woody, shrubby fruit, ornamental crops and grapes and suggests a new innovative way of watering them. According to the principle of implementation, it belongs to the group of subsurface irrigation and is a new version of them. There is a wide list of positive qualities of the new irrigation method that allow for much more rational use of irrigation water but create more favorable conditions for the growth and development of watered plants. A description of its design features and methods of implementation is given. The proposed new jet-pit irrigation method is not inferior in its technical capabilities to the most modern irrigation method – drip, but it is much cheaper and more reliable than the latter.
Degradation of the structure of meadow-chernozem soils in different eco-industrial conditions
Authors: Novykh L L , Eliseeva N V , Tesheva S A , Voloshenko I V , Slyusarenko E E
Published: January 2022

The features of the structure of semi-hydromorphic meadow-chernozem soils in the Central Chernozem region (Belgorod oblast) and in the Krasnodar territory are studied. Both regions are characterized by the dominance of chernozem soils, but with different specialization of grain farming. It was identified that the patterns of changes of the waterproofness of the structure vary considerably in the study soils. Ambiguous results of assessing the quality of the arable soils using classifications by different authors were obtained. It is shown that the determination of the degradation degree of arable soils by the absolute values of the structure parameters is incorrect. The structure of arable and fallow soils for each region was compared. The content of agronomically valuable fractions in the arable horizons of cultivated soils and humus horizons of fallow lands shows that there is no degradation of the structure in rice soils, and in meadow-chernozem there is weak degradation in the «plow sole».
Comparative evaluation of diseases affection of winter and spring false flax (Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz) in the Krasnodar region
Authors: Serdyuk O , Trubina V , Gorlova L
Published: January 2022

We carried out the phytosanitary monitoring of winter and spring false flax (Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz) in the central zone of the Krasnodar region to comparatively evaluate the diseases affection for effective breeding work to develop varieties resistant to the most common and dangerous crop diseases. We noted the same frequency of occurrence of Alternaria blight, Fusarium blight, Sclerotinia blight, bacterial blight and phytoplasma disease on both forms of false flax. We observed the differences between winter and spring false flax in affection by downy mildew, powdery mildew, and white rust. The most harmful of the frequent diseases were downy mildew on winter false flax, and Fusarium blight on spring false flax, so one of the directions in breeding work with false flax is to develop varieties resistant to the affection by these diseases.
The state and problems of food security ensuring in Russia
Authors: Bukhtiyarova Tatiana , Artamonova Irina , Baturina Irina
Published: January 2022

Most researchers adhere to the opinion that food security is the ability of the state, independently from other states and international organizations, to provide its citizens with safe and quality products that are enough for an active and healthy life. At the same time, sufficient food selfprovisioning of the state increases the level of national security and ensures independence from other states. Achieving an optimal level of food security always relates to the need to level out and eliminate the consequences of various threats and risks. Threats to food security often arise simultaneously with a decline in revenue of most of the population, poorly developed social infrastructure, imbalances in the development of the agricultural and industrial sectors of the economy, etc. These positions define the research topic, the relevance of which is determined by the current implementation of food security and the identified problems of its provision.
The effect of synergism in seed treatment with electron-donor solution and UV irradiation
Authors: Rudenok V A , Kondrateva N P , Mazunina N I , Tikhonova O S
Published: January 2022

The paper shows the synergistic effect of simultaneous exposure to ultraviolet radiation and electron-donor solution on the seed germination of grain crops. When the seed is moistened, the biochemical processes that control the growth of the root system and stem are activated in them. The purpose of the study is to determine the presence of a synergistic effect on seed germination of grain crops with simultaneous exposure to ultraviolet radiation and electron-donor solution. It was found out that the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) is affected by the time of seed soaking, the weight of seeds and the type of grain crops. The best soaking time turned out to be 18 hours, the greatest negative ORP was in oat seeds -510 mV (100%), in barley and rye it was 487mV (95%), in wheat - 462 mV (91%). The greatest synergistic effect was obtained with a 10-minute exposure to UV irradiation of seeds at a dose of 1,882 ± 14.1 J/m2, followed by soaking in an electron-donor solution. In this case, the height of the sprouts was 108.8 mm (100%). At an exposure of 15 min (UV radiation dose 2.813 ±18.3 J/m2), the effect was slightly lower. The height of the sprouts was 107.6 mm (98.9%)
A model of a reflective surface under the Shklovsky-de Genet topology
Authors: Gallyamova T R , Gallyamov S R , Kuznetsova O V , Soboleva E N
Published: January 2022

A rough surface is studied. Its reflective features are related to the geometry of a random allocation of a solid opaque medium, the surface of which separates it from a translucent medium. A model of a real rough surface is suggested. It is based on the Shklovsky-de Genet topology, which uses the concept of a connecting cluster, which is divided into a skeleton (core) and dead ends (drop points). A step parameter is chosen as the roughness value in the model, as it is reliably detected using a profilometer. It is demonstrated that data concerning the step parameter allows to analytically evaluate the spectral reflection coefficient of surfaces with a known reflection indicatrix in a wide range of wavelengths.
Analysis of the functions and connections of the mixer for the preparation of biologically active supplements
Authors: Okhotnikova I A , Kasimov N G , Ivanov A G , Fadeev V L
Published: January 2022

The technological advancement of preparation of biologically active supplements included in the diet of farm animals demands the search for new design schemes of mixers ensuring the implementation of the introduced, progressive technologies. The analysis of functions and connections is essential to determine the most rational design scheme of the mixer for the preparation of biologically active supplements. The most suitable means of achieving this goal is functional-morphological analysis. During the analysis, the mixer functions were determined and structured according to their relevance: the main and additional ones. The developed functional model of the mixer provides a visual representation of the hierarchy of functions and connections between them. The emerging need to study the elements of the mixer design and their connections are displayed in the developed morphological model of the mixer and the combined functional-morphological model. In the result, alternative structural elements of the mixer have been identified. Their combinations are presented in the morphological matrix of solutions. The technique used allowed us to determine a rational design scheme of the mixer, consisting of an electric drive with a paddle movable object, with the provision of heating of the chamber by U-shaped heating elements. This solution will enable the use of an automatic mixer control system and meet the guidelines of the technological process for the preparation of biologically active supplements.
Improving the quality of water treatment in boiler rooms through the use of natural sorbents
Authors: Artamonova L P , Dolgov O G , Spiridonov A B , Kopysova T S
Published: January 2022

The article is devoted to the important requirements of the present time to the issues of operating reliability of heat-stressed boiler surfaces, the condition of the pipeline heat supply system and the quality of makeup water. The fight against the formation of scale and corrosion is the main task which is solved in the process of process water preparation, since significant contamination of the surfaces of heat exchange equipment with various kinds of deposits of mineral salts and the presence of corrosion products lead to a significant decrease in the efficiency of heating equipment operation, and the consequence is usually its failure. One of the essential factors in the operation of heat exchange equipment is the quality of the organization of the water-chemical regime - the determination of the necessary technological parameters, the composition of the filter load, the doses of all reagents, allowing to minimize the process of formation of mineral deposits and the area of corroded material structures. The article presents experimental data on the influence of natural sorbents on the quality of artesian water preparation for the needs of the population. The results of scientific research on the determination of composition and sorbent dose for water purification in the process of water treatment to prevent the formation of deposits and corrosion of equipment materials are presented. The assumption is confirmed that the use of natural sorbents reduces the content level of all “problematic” elements in the process of water treatment to standard values.
Innovative forms of organization of food provision for low-income and no-income people
Authors: Mindlin Yury , Mityashin Gleb , Tikhomirov Evgeny
Published: January 2022

In this paper, the issue of food security for indigent is considered. The authors note the need to move from traditional methods to innovative ones. By innovative methods, the authors understand methods that are aimed at several problems, one of which is the organization of access to food for people in need. Free food from commercial enterprises and foodsharing are considered as innovative forms. The paper performs a stakeholder analysis of the listed forms of providing food to indigent and formulates recommendations for optimizing each of them.
The effect of plant components on the rheological properties of chopped semi-finished products from mulard meat
Authors: Sharipova A F , Chernenkov E N , Gazeev I R , Kaluzhina O Yu , Nugumanov R R
Published: January 2022

This article presents the results of an analysis to assess the effect of plant components on the rheological properties of chopped semi-finished products from mulard meat. Flour-ground talkan oatmeal, pea flour, white sesame flour and kelp algae were used as vegetable components. During the experiment, the analysis of changes in general deformation, plastic deformation, elastic deformation and modulus of elasticity was carried out. The nature of the change in the criterion of stickiness (adhesion) and consistency according to its five descriptors describing the consumer properties of products was also considered. The results of the study indicate a positive dynamics of changes in rheological parameters when plant components are introduced into the recipe. The analysis of the data obtained allows to establish 4% white sesame flour and 5% kelp as the recommended dosage for adding to the recipe of chopped semi-finished products from mulard meat.
Using the electrohydraulic impact method to obtain manure fertilizers
Authors: Spiridonov A B , Anisimova K V , Glavatskikh N G , Porobova O B
Published: January 2022

Currently, animal husbandry and poultry farming waste, cattle and pig manure, bird droppings are prohibited to be exported to the fields and used as fertilizer without pretreatment. The standard disinfection process is reduced to composting, which takes 3-12 months. A promising direction of intensification of animal waste processing is the creation of a specially formed pulsed high-voltage electric discharge inside the liquid volume. Under the influence of which the microbial flora – bacteria and fungi - intensively dies. Specialists of the SPA “Spiral” have developed a pilot plant for manure treatment. The test results showed that coliform and Enterobacteria, including dysentery bacillus, were completely destroyed after processing a sample of cattle manure by the EGI method.
Implementation of a comprehensive scientific and technical project “Breeding and seed production of new domestic potato varieties of Ural breeding for various purposes” in the Middle Urals
Authors: Karpukhin M Yu , Batyrshina E R , Chapalda T L , Artemieva T A , Yushkin E M
Published: January 2022

A comprehensive scientific and technical project “Breeding and seed production of new domestic potato varieties of Ural breeding for various purposes” has been implemented on the territory of the Sverdlovsk Region since 2018. Customer: Breeding and seed-growing company “Uralsky Kartofel (Ural potato)”. Participants: Federal State Budgetary Institution of Higher Education “Ural State Agrarian University”, Ural Research Institute of Agriculture - branch of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Ural Federal Agrarian Research Center of the Ural branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Joint Stock Company Agroindustrial Complex “Belorechenskiy”, Federal State Budgetary Institution of Higher Education “Ural State Agrarian University”. Based on the use of modern equipment for microclonal reproduction and diagnostics of pathogens using PCR analysis and robotic DNA technologies, the production of original, elite seed material of domestic (Ural) potato varieties has been established. During the period of the project implementation, new competitive potato varieties Terra and Alaska were registered. Laboratory and field studies were carried out and new data were obtained on the development of elements of the growing technology for elite seed potatoes on the basis of LLC BSC “Uralsky Kartofel” and JSC AIC “Belorechenskiy” [5,17]. The directions of further research on the development of technological regulations for seed production and the Ural technology of cultivation of original, elite and reproductive planting material are determined. The work was carried out within the framework of the subprogram “Development of potato breeding and seed production in the Russian Federation”.
Enrichment study of chopped half-finished poultry meat with calcium by introducing nutrients of animal and vegetable origin
Authors: Borisova V , Terentyev S , Sazonova E , Kurskaya Yu , Kramlich O
Published: January 2022

The most significant components of the food quality are its chemical composition, biological value and effectiveness. It is especially important to have a chemical composition for nutritional food and drink, in which functional ingredients of plant and animal origin are additionally added. A promising production basis is poultry meat as a raw material with a high yield, fast rates of receipt and cost recovery for raising, as well as high nutritional value. The article shows the findings of the development and production of enriched half-finished broiler meat in stock. The enrichment of the developed half-finished products was done with raw materials containing calcium: mineral enriching agent from eggshell, black and white sesame. The biological value of half-finished products was improved due to the introduction of coagulated egg mix. The performed studies have proved that the addition of a mineral enriching agent is more prospective in comparison with the enrichment of vegetable raw materials in terms of calcium content. Meanwhile, its addition in a considerable amount worsens the organoleptic parameters of half-finished products, which is a negative factor. The use of black sesame enhances the calcium content in half-finished products in a substantial amount. The addition of white sesame slightly raised the calcium content in the half-finished products. However, these half-finished products were noted for their high organoleptic parameters.
The effect of different doses of lime on the potash state in sod-medium podzolic medium loamy soil
Authors: Isupov A N , Belosludtsev D V , Ukhov P A , Lozhkina L A
Published: January 2022

To study the transformation of soil potassium under the action of lime doses, long-term microfield experience was used. The one-factor experiment is laid in sixfold repetition. The location of plots is systematic with an offset. During three years of research, the following cultures of the crop rotation link were cultivated: annual grasses (vetch-oat mixture), winter triticale (variety - Izhevsk 2), spring wheat (variety - Yoldyz). In a long-term experiment on sod-medium podzolic medium loamy soil, it was found that the use of various doses of lime did not reduce the content of water-soluble and easily exchangeable potassium, but significantly increased the amount of mobile potassium to 8 mg/kg and non-exchangeable potassium to 13 mg/kg in the soil. In addition, liming affected the productivity of agricultural crops. Depending on the lime dose, it increased by 4 - 20%.