bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Economic Comparison of High Tunnel and Open-Field Strawberry Production in Southeastern Virginia
Authors: Mbarushimana Jean Claude , Bosch Darrell J. , Samtani Jayesh B.
Published: December 2022

High tunnels have been reported to extend the harvest season for fruits and vegetables in several North American regions. This study was conducted to evaluate whether there are additional economic returns from strawberries produced in high tunnel structures compared to open-field in the Commonwealth of Virginia. A total of eight strawberry cultivars were evaluated in a randomized complete block under high tunnel and open-field conditions. Total costs were estimated for all eight cultivars under high tunnel and open-field, and gross and net revenues from all cultivars were estimated over three marketing strategies (pre-pick wholesale, pre-pick retail, and U-pick) for both high tunnel and open-field. The average net revenues per hectare in the high tunnel were −$62,077 (−$25,122 ac−1), −$15,151 (−$6131 ac−1), and −$27,938 (−$11,306 ac−1) for pre-pick wholesale, pre-pick retail, and U-pick, respectively, compared to open-field net revenues of $39,816 ($16,113 ac−1), $112,102 ($45,366 ac−1), and $81,850 ($33,123 ac−1) for wholesale, pre-pick retail, and U-pick, respectively. Net revenues in the high tunnel were lower due to lower yields and higher production costs including overhead cost of the high tunnel structure. Almost all cultivars in the high tunnel generated negative net revenues regardless of the marketing strategy. The exceptions were ‘Camino Real’ which generated positive net revenues with U-pick and pre-pick retail marketing and ‘Merced’ which generated positive net revenues for pre-pick retail marketing. In contrast, net revenues from open-field cultivars were always positive. Results imply that growers should focus on open-field rather than high-tunnel strawberry production. Results are from one season of production. Replication of the study under one or more production seasons would contribute to more robust findings of the economic viability of strawberry production under a high tunnel.
Melatonin-Induced Detoxification of Organic Pollutants and Alleviation of Phytotoxicity in Selected Horticultural Crops
Authors: Ahammed Golam Jalal , Li Xin
Published: December 2022

Environmental pollution with organic pollutants has increased drastically in recent decades. Despite the importance of minimizing organic pollutant content such as pesticide residue in edible crops, our understanding of induced xenobiotic metabolism in plants is poor. Melatonin is a potent stress-relieving biomolecule, which exerts beneficial effects on xenobiotic metabolism in plants. Exogenous melatonin treatment not only improves photosynthesis, antioxidant defense, and plant growth but also reduces pollutant residue and xenobiotic uptake. The overexpression of melatonin biosynthetic genes enhances organic pollutant metabolism, while the suppression of endogenous melatonin biosynthesis increases organic pollutant residue in horticultural products. Studies have revealed that the glutathione-dependent detoxification pathway plays a critical role in the melatonin-induced enhanced detoxification of xenobiotics. Moreover, a role for RESPIRATORY BURST HOMOLOG (RBOH)-derived reactive oxygen species signaling has been revealed which potentially acts upstream of glutathione-dependent xenobiotic metabolism. Based on the literature, here, we reviewed the effects of organic pollutants on plants and how melatonin aids plants in enduring the effects of organic pollutant-induced stress. We also discussed the potential melatonin signaling mechanism in enhanced pesticide metabolism. Our assessment suggests that melatonin has positive impacts on plant tolerance to organic pollution, which can be used to improve the food safety of edible horticultural crops.
Evaluation of Native Bacterial Isolates for Control of Cucumber Powdery Mildew under Greenhouse Conditions
Authors: Abo-Elyousr Kamal Ahmed M. , Seleim Mohamed Al-Sadek Abd Al-Haleim , Almasoudi Najeeb Marei , Bagy Hadeel Magdy Mohammed Khalil
Published: December 2022

Cucumber plants are often attacked by various pathogens, which can considerably decrease production and cause significant losses. One of the most prevalent fungal diseases is powdery mildew, caused by an obligate pathogen, Podosphaera xanthii. It is a serious disease that causes significant damage to the whole plant, i.e., leaves, fruits, and stems, under both greenhouse and field conditions. The main objective of this result is to assess the effectiveness of Bacillus spp. against cucumber powdery mildew under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Treatment with B. licheniformis and B. aerius culture filtrates reduced the conidial germination of the pathogen by 60 and 85%, respectively. Under greenhouse conditions, spraying cucumber plants with both microorganisms was effective at reducing powdery mildew disease severity. High reductions of disease severity were achieved by treatment of B. licheniformis as a cell suspension and B. aerius strain as culture filtrate, 45.3 and 77.3%, respectively, two days before inoculation. Additionally, treatment with these bacterial strains resulted in a significant increase in the fresh and dry weights of the cucumber plants. The highest increase of fresh and dry weight was found with B. licheniformis CS and B. aerius strain CF treatment at two days before or after infection. After treatment with the bioagents, the content of total phenols, polyphenol oxidase, and peroxidase was enhanced in treatment plants. The use of B. licheniformis and B. aerius as foliar sprays significantly induced resistance to P. xanthii in cucumber plants and stimulated many biochemical functions. Therefore, we propose B. licheniformis and B. aerius as an effective alternative to harmful chemicals.
Characteristics of the Complete Chloroplast Genome of Pourthiaea (Rosaceae) and Its Comparative Analysis
Authors: Cao Zhengying , Zhao Wenzhi , Xin Yaxuan , Shen Weixiang , Wang Fei , Li Qishao , Tu Yuxiang , Zhang Haorong , Dong Zhanghong , Xin Peiyao
Published: December 2022

Pourthiaea is of great ornamental value because it produces white flowers in spring and summer, red fruit in autumn, and their fruit does not fall in winter. In order to explore the genetic structure and evolutionary characteristics of the chloroplast genome of Pourthiaea, comparative genomics analysis and phylogenetic analysis were conducted using ten published chloroplast genomes of Pourthiaea from the NCBI database. The results showed that the chloroplast genomes of the ten species of Pourthiaea showed typical circular tetrad structures, and the genome sizes were all within the range of 160,159–160,401 bp, in which the large single copy was 88,047–88,359 bp, the small single copy was 19,234–19,338 bp, and the lengths of a pair of inverted repeats were 26,341–26,401 bp. The GC contents ranged from 36.5% to 36.6%. A total of 1017 SSR loci were identified from the chloroplast genomes of the ten species of Pourthiaea, including six types of nucleotide repeats. The gene types and gene distribution of the IR boundary regions of the chloroplast genomes of different species of Pourthiaea were highly conservative, with little variation. Through the sequence alignment of chloroplast genomes, it was found that the chloroplast genomes of the ten species of Pourthiaea were generally highly conservative. The variation mainly occurred in the spacer regions of adjacent genes. Through nucleic acid diversity analysis, three hypervariable regions were screened at Pi > 0.006, namely trnQ(UUC)-psbk-psbl, accD-psal, and ndhF-rpl32-trnL (UAG). Phylogenetic analysis showed that the ten species of the genus Pourthiaea were clustered in the same branch and formed sister groups with the genus Stranvaesia, and that the support rate for the monophyly of the genus Pourthiaea was high. This study can serve as a reference for the breeding, genetic evolution, and phylogeny of Pourthiaea.
Mitigation of Powdery Mildew Disease by Integrating Biocontrol Agents and Shikimic Acid with Modulation of Antioxidant Defense System, Anatomical Characterization, and Improvement of Squash Plant Productivity
Authors: Reyad Nour El-Houda A. , Azoz Samah N. , Ali Ayat M. , Sayed Eman G.
Published: December 2022

Squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) is a globally important vegetable, the production of which is severely constrained by powdery mildew caused by Podosphaera xanthii. In this study, we examined the effects of Trichoderma asperellum (MW965676), Streptomyces rochei (MN700192), and a mixture of the two foliar sprays with or without shikimic acid seed priming treatment on powdery mildew severity, plant growth, and total yield during the 2020–2021 and 2021–2022 growing seasons. We also studied their immune eliciting properties by examining their enzymatic, phenolic, and hormonal functions. The combination of Trichoderma asperellum, Streptomyces rochei, and shikimic acid triggered plant defense responses, which elicited enzyme activities such as peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT), phenolic compound accumulation, and increased salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) content. This approach yielded high-quality results in the control of powdery mildew during the two growing seasons under greenhouse conditions. Additionally, relatively large statistical differences in plant growth, total yield, mineral components, and physiological traits were observed. A GC–MS analysis of Trichoderma asperellum (MW965676) showed hemin cation as a major component, while Streptomyces rochei (MN700192) contained 2,4-di-tert-butyl phenol and the hexadecenoic acid methyl ester. With respect to the morphological changes induced by powdery mildew and the treatments, plants treated with a mixture of Trichoderma asperellum, Streptomyces rochei and shikimic acid showed an improvement in the thickness of the midvein, increased dimensions of the main midvein bundle, a larger number of xylem rows in the main midvein bundle, greater mean diameters of vessels and of parenchyma cells in the ground tissues, as well as increased thickness of the upper and lower epidermis, lamina, palisade tissue and spongy tissue. This extensive, new study is the first step toward a more profound understanding of the use of Trichoderma asperellum and Streptomyces rochei with shikimic acid-primed seeds as a potential alternative technique for attenuating powdery mildew infection in squash.
Market Outlet Choice and Its Effects on the Welfare of Smallholder Vegetable and Fruit Producers in Ethiopia
Authors: Ozkan Burhan , Dube Ahmed Kasim , Govindasamy Ramu
Published: December 2022

The decision to choose an appropriate market outlet may involve a self-selection problem. This suggests that unobservable characteristics play an important role, and the examination of the impact of market outlet choice on smallholder household welfare needs to correct this selection bias. Consequently, this study, by using a multinomial endogenous treatment model, examined the determinants of market outlet choices and their subsequent effects on the welfare of smallholder vegetable and fruit producers in Ethiopia. The results on the determinants of market outlet choices obtained using this model indicated that distance to main roads, livestock ownership, access to extension, and cooperative membership influenced the decisions of smallholder farmers in one way or another. Furthermore, the model results obtained by correcting the selectivity indicated that, relative to formal markets, informal markets have a low impact on the welfare of smallholder farmers. Thus, alternative policy measurements aimed at improving the food security and welfare of smallholder farmers should be accompanied by improving their access to formal markets.
Numerical Investigation of Fine Particulate Matter Aggregation and Removal by Water Spray Using Swirling Gas Flow
Authors: Qian Jianghai , Wang Junfeng , Liu Hailong , Xu Haojie
Published: December 2022

In this paper, a mathematical model based on the two-fluid frame model coupled with the population balance model which considers the aggregation of particles and droplets in detail for cyclonic spray dedusting is proposed. The model is applied to study the characteristics of multiphase flow field and the effects of the gas velocity, spray volume, and particle concentration on the removal efficiency. In addition, the simulation results are verified by the experimental data. The results suggest that the turbulence kinetic energy increases near the wall as the inlet velocity increases, and the spray region increases as the spray volume increases. This is conducive to turbulent mixing of the particles and droplets, and the agglomeration efficiency of the particles is improved, so the particle size increases, and the particle removal efficiency increases to 99.7% by simulation results are within the allowable range of error (about 99–99.5% in dedusting efficiency by experimental data). As the particle concentration increases, the particle removal efficiency initially increases, then decreases and reaches the highest value at 2 g/m3, which is due to the limited adsorption efficiency of the spray droplets. The results are helpful for providing a theoretical basis for spray to promote agglomeration of particles and improving the dust removal efficiency in the swirl field.
Early Maternal Caregiving Capacities in Highly Vulnerable, Multi-Problem Families
Authors: van der Hulst Marije , Kok Rianne , Prinzie Peter , Steegers Eric A. P. , Bertens Loes C. M.
Published: December 2022

Caregiving capacities may be an important link between multi-problem circumstances and adverse child development. This study aims to assess caregiving capacities and their correlations in highly vulnerable, multi-problem families in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Caregiving capacity (overall, emotional and instrumental) was prospectively assessed in 83 highly vulnerable women using video-observations of daily caregiving tasks, six week postpartum. Supporting data were collected at three time points: at inclusion, six weeks after inclusion and six weeks postpartum, and these included psychological symptoms, self-sufficiency, problematic life domains, home environment, income, depression, anxiety and stress. Pregnancy- and delivery-related information was collected from obstetric care professionals. Maternal caregiving scores averaged below adequate quality. Mothers living in an unsafe home environment (B = 0.62) and mothers with more problematic life domains (≤3 domains, B = 0.32) showed significantly higher instrumental caregiving capacities. Other variables were not related to caregiving capacities. Caregiving capacity in this highly vulnerable population was below adequate quality. However, in most cases there was no significant association between caregiving and the variables related to vulnerability. This means that a potential association between vulnerability and caregiving capacities might be driven by the interaction between several problems, rather than the type or number of problems.
Assessing Sarcopenia, Frailty, and Malnutrition in Community-Dwelling Dependant Older Adults—An Exploratory Home-Based Study of an Underserved Group in Research
Authors: Swan Lauren , Martin Niamh , Horgan N Frances , Warters Austin , O’Sullivan Maria
Published: December 2022

Background: Adults of advanced age, with functional dependency, socioeconomic disadvantage, or a need for home care, are expected to be at high risk of sarcopenia, frailty and malnutrition, yet are likely to be underrepresented in research. We aimed to explore the assessment of sarcopenia, frailty, and malnutrition in-home, and to describe the practicality of performing these assessments. Methods: Home-based health assessments and post-study feedback surveys were conducted among community-dwelling older adults ≥65 years in receipt of state-funded home care (n = 31). Assessments included probable sarcopenia [hand-grip strength (HGS), chair rise-test, and SARC-F case-finding tool], the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), and the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS). Results: The study group was of mean age 83.2 ± 8.2 years, 74% were female and 23% lived in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas. Almost all met the criteria for probable sarcopenia (94%, n = 29/31), were frail or vulnerable by the CFS (97%, n = 30/31), and over a quarter were at risk of malnutrition (26%, n = 8). Participants had low physical activity (71.0%, n = 22/31), with a mean daytime average of 11.4 ± 1.6 h spent sitting. It was possible to assess probable sarcopenia (by HGS and SARC-F, but not the chair rise test), malnutrition (MNA), and frailty (CFS). Home-based research was a complex environment, and unearthed significant unmet need, prompting referrals to health services (36%, n = 11), in addition to technology assistance. The majority of participants (93%) reported a willingness to partake in future research. Conclusions: Most community-dwelling older people in receipt of home support, assessed in this exploratory study, were at risk of probable sarcopenia, frailty, and low physical activity, with over a quarter were at risk of malnutrition. Our initial findings provide practical data for large scale studies and may inform the development of intervention studies aiming to support ageing in place.
Comprehensive Evaluation of University Safety Culture Construction Level Based on “2–4” Model
Authors: Hu Ruili , Zhang Ye , Gu Beifang
Published: December 2022

Based on the “2–4” model of accident causation, a comprehensive index system of the safety culture construction level in colleges and universities is set up. This system consists of 4 primary indicators and 28 secondary indicators. Taking a university as an example, applying the analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, this study establishes a comprehensive evaluation model to evaluate the construction level of the university’s safety culture. The results show that the construction level of the university’s safety culture is consistent with the actual situation. This study provides useful insights and feasible paths for promoting the safety and stability of colleges and universities and building a higher level of safety on campus.
Physiotherapy Management in Endometriosis
Authors: Wójcik Małgorzata , Szczepaniak Renata , Placek Katarzyna
Published: December 2022

Endometriosis is a disease whose underlying cause is the growth of the endometrium outside the uterine cavity. The disease is characterised by unpleasant pain in the pelvic region, irrespective of the phase of the woman’s cycle. Physiotherapy in its various forms can be an excellent complement to the gynaecological treatment of endometriosis, by virtue of reducing inflammation, alleviating pain and thus significantly improving women’s quality of life. Physiotherapy in endometriosis should include kinesiotherapy, manual therapy including visceral therapy, physical therapy, spa treatment including balneotherapy, and hydrotherapy. The aim of this study is to present the use of physiotherapy as an adjunct therapy in the treatment of endometriosis. A review of the available literature in the Medline, PubMed and Google Scholar databases was performed without being limited by the time frame of available publications on the forms of physiotherapy used in the treatment of endometriosis.
The Spatial-Temporal Transition and Influencing Factors of Green and Low-Carbon Utilization Efficiency of Urban Land in China under the Goal of Carbon Neutralization
Authors: Fu Jun , Ding Rui , Zhang Yilin , Zhou Tao , Du Yiming , Zhu Yuqi , Du Linyu , Peng Lina , Zou Jian , Xiao Wenqian
Published: December 2022

Urban-land development and utilization is one of the main sources of carbon emissions. Improving the green and low-carbon utilization efficiency of urban land (GLUEUL) under the goal of carbon neutrality is crucial to the low-carbon transition and green development of China’s economy. Combining the concept of green and low-carbon development in urban land use, carbon emissions and industrial-pollution emissions are incorporated into the unexpected outputs of the GLUEUL evaluation system. The super-efficient slacks-based measure (SBM) model, Exploratory Spatial-Temporal Data Analysis (ESTDA) method and Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression (GTWR) model were used to analyze the spatial-temporal transition and the influencing factors of GLUEUL in 282 cities in China from 2005 to 2020. The result shows that: (1) From 2005 to 2020, the green and low-carbon land-utilization efficiency of Chinese cities shows an increasing temporal-evolution trend, but the gap between cities is gradually widening. (2) From the spatial-temporal dynamic characteristics of Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA), regions with the highest GLUEUL have strong dynamics and instability, while cities at the lowest level have a relatively stable spatial structure. On the whole, the local-spatial-transfer direction of GLUEUL of each city is stable, with certain path-dependent characteristics. (3) There are differences in the degree of influence and direction of action of different factors on GLUEUL. The economic development level, industrial-structure upgrading, financial support, wealth level, and green-technology-innovation ability have positive effects on overall GLUEUL, with industrial-structure upgrading promoting GLUEUL the most, while urban population size, foreign-investment scale, and financial-development level play a negative role. This study can provide some empirical and theoretical references for the improvement of GLUEUL.
Global Mapping of Interventions to Improve Quality of Life of Patients with Cancer: A Protocol for Literature Mining and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Nguyen Long Bao , Vu Linh Gia , Nguyen Xuan Thanh , Do Anh Linh , Nguyen Cuong Tat , Boyer Laurent , Auquier Pascal , Fond Guillaume , Latkin Carl A. , Ho Roger C. M. , Ho Cyrus S. H.
Published: December 2022

Cancer led to nearly 10 million deaths in 2020, as reported by the World Health Organization (WHO). Consequently, both biomedical therapeutics and psychological interventions have been implemented to decrease the burden of this non-communicable disease. However, the research conducted so far has only described some aspects of these interventions, which may increase the health-related quality of life of cancer patients. Therefore, a systematic review is necessary to depict an overall picture of the cancer interventions globally. Then, the impact of these interventions on the preference-based health-related quality of life of cancer patients may be synthesized. The protocol is developed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The Web of Science database is used to retrieve the literature using four keyword terms: quality of life (QoL), cancer, interventions, and health utility. Then, we draw the global mapping diagram and conduct the meta-analysis for this research. Additionally, longitudinal measurements are used to estimate the changes in the health utility of patients during the interventions. Thus, this systematic review can provide insight into the impact of interventions on increasing the health-related quality of life (HRQL) of cancer patients.
An Innovative Method for BTEX Emission Inventory and Development of Mitigation Measures in Developing Countries—A Case Study: Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Authors: Ho Quoc Bang , Vu Hoang Ngoc Khue , Nguyen Thoai Tam , Huynh Thi Thao Nguyen
Published: December 2022

Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) are carcinogenic pollutants. However, the average concentration in 1 h of some pollutants belonging to BTEX, such as benzene, in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) is higher than the national standard QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT by about ten times. This research is the first to calculate the emission of BTEX for developing countries on a city scale. This paper developed a method to calculate cold emission factors based on hot emission factors for BTEX. Five spreadsheets developed and calculated these cold emission factors for five vehicle categories. A comprehensive emission inventory (EI) for BTEX was conducted in HCMC to determine the cause of BTEX pollution. An innovative methodology with bottom-up and top-down combination was applied to conduct BTEX EI, in which the EMISENS model was utilized to generate the EI for road traffic sources, and the emission factors method was utilized for other emission sources. Among emission reasons, motorcycles contribute the highest to HCMC air pollution, responsible for 93%, 90%, 98.9%, and 91.5% of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene, respectively. Cars contributed 5%, 6%, 0.8%, and 6.5% of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene, respectively. For LDVs, the emission from benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene accounted for 1%, 2%, 0.2%, and 1.9%. The major reasons for point sources were metal production, which had 1%, 2%, and 0.1% for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes emissions. The area source had a minority emission of total BTEX in Ho Chi Minh City. Our findings can be used to invest in the most significant sources to reduce BTEX in HCMC. Our approach can be applied in similar urban areas in BTEX EI. This research also developed nine measures to reduce BTEX in HCMC for human health protection.
The Relationship between Obesity and Childhood Dental Caries in the United States
Authors: Piovesan Érica Torres de Almeida , Leal Soraya Coelho , Bernabé Eduardo
Published: December 2022

Background: Childhood obesity and dental caries are prevalent chronic, multifactorial conditions with adverse health consequences and considerable healthcare costs. The aims of this study were: (1) to evaluate the relationship between obesity and dental caries among young children using multiple definitions for both conditions, and (2) to evaluate the role of family socioeconomic status (SES) and the child’s intake of added sugars in explaining this association. Methods: Data from 2775 2–5-year-olds children from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2018 were analysed. Three different international standards were used to define obesity, namely the World Health Organization (WHO), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF). Dental caries was measured during clinical examinations and summarised as counts (dt and dft scores) and prevalence (untreated caries [dt > 0] and caries experience [dft > 0]). The association of obesity with dental caries was assessed in regression models controlling for demographic factors, family SES and child’s intake of added sugars. Results: In crude models, obesity was associated with greater dt scores when using the IOTF standards (RR: 2.43, 95% CI: 1.11, 5.29) but not when using the WHO and CDC standards; obesity was associated with greater dft scores when using the WHO (1.57, 95%CI: 1.11–2.22), CDC (1.70, 95%CI: 1.17–2.46) and IOTF standards (2.43, 95%CI: 1.73–3.42); obesity was associated with lifetime caries prevalence when using the WHO (1.55, 95%CI: 1.05–2.29), CDC (1.73, 95%CI: 1.14–2.62) and IOTF standards (2.45, 95%CI: 1.61–3.71), but not with untreated caries prevalence. These associations were fully attenuated after controlling for demographic factors, family SES and child’s intake of added sugars. Conclusions: The relationship between obesity and dental caries in primary teeth varied based on the definition of obesity and dental caries used. Associations were observed when obesity was defined using the IOTF standards and dental caries was defined using lifetime indicators. Associations were fully attenuated after adjusting for well-known determinants of both conditions.
Psychosocial Problems and Condomless Anal Sex among Transgender Women in Two Cities of China: Study Based on the Syndemic Framework
Authors: Xia Danni , Chen Yingjie , Chang Ruijie , Xu Chen , Yu Xiaoyue , Liu Yujie , Chen Hui , Wang Rongxi , Liu Shangbin , Ge Xin , Wang Yuxuan , Liang Ajuan , Hu Fan , Cai Yong , Wang Ying
Published: December 2022

Studies examining the association between psychosocial problems and condomless anal sex (CAS) among transgender women (TGW) are rare. In this study, close attention was paid to the effect of co-occurring psychosocial problems on sexual risk behaviors. A cross-sectional study, including 247 TGW, was conducted in Kunming and Shenyang, China. The prevalence of condomless anal sex among TGW in the previous 6 months was 30.8%. Most of the psychosocial factors were associated with one another in bivariate logistic regression models. Low self-esteem (ORm = 2.99, 95% CI = 1.25–7.18), sexual compulsivity (ORm = 2.13, 95% CI = 1.13–4.00), and intimate partner violence (ORm = 2.21, 95% CI = 1.19–4.11) were discovered to be related to condomless anal sex in the multivariate regression model. No significant interactive effects of the syndemic factors on condomless anal sex were detected. More programmatic and effective HIV prevention interventions targeting psychosocial problems are required to reduce HIV infection within the population.
The Influence Mechanism of Political Skill on Safety Voice Behavior in High-Risk Industries: The Mediating Role of Voice Efficacy
Authors: Sun Yunfeng , Chen Jianwu , Qian Chongyang , Luo Xiaowei , Wu Xiang
Published: December 2022

As an important indicator to measure the adaptability and development potential of individuals in an organization, political skill is rarely considered as an antecedent variable in the field of safety voice. This study is based on impression management theory and social cognitive theory. From the perspective of employee self-service-oriented safety voice motivation, we took political skill as a predictor of safety voice behavior and introduced voice efficacy as an intermediary variable to construct a theoretical model of the relationship between political skill, voice efficacy, and safety voice behavior. We used the method of questionnaire to collect data from employees in high-risk industries. SPSS and AMOS software were used as analysis tools to examine the relationship between political skill, voice efficacy, and safety voice behavior. The study results show that: (1) political skill has a significant positive impact on safety voice behavior; and (2) voice efficacy plays a mediating role in the relationship between political skill and safety voice behavior. In this study, a new predictor of safety voice behavior and its mediation mechanism were obtained. Political skill can not only reflect the psychological cognitive ability of individuals in dangerous work environments, but it is also an important manifestation of the social exchanges between employees and organizations. In the special organizational context where China generally values “guanxi”, political skill has a stronger ability to predict and explain safety voice behavior. This research can help organizations obtain safety-related suggestions from employees in a timely manner and realize the sustainable development of safety management.
Developing a Mobile App for Young Adults with Nonsuicidal Self-Injury: A Prototype Feedback Study
Authors: Kruzan Kaylee Payne , Reddy Madhu , Washburn Jason J. , Mohr David C.
Published: December 2022

Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) affects approximately 13% of young adults. Though evidence-based treatments for NSSI exist, most young adults do not receive treatment. Digital interventions can provide access to evidence-based treatments for NSSI at scale. Further, preliminary research suggests the acceptability, feasibility, and potential efficacy of digital interventions for NSSI. To date, however, there are few publicly available digital interventions developed specifically for young adults who engage in NSSI. The aim of this study was to solicit young adults’ impressions of early app prototypes to identify ways of improving interactive features and content needs. Building on a prior interview study which explored young adults’ self-management of NSSI and their use of technology in self-management, this study involved three waves of iterative app prototype feedback sessions with 10 young adults with past month NSSI. In general, participants responded favorably and provided feedback to augment the app to better meet their needs, including adding new features and functionality as well as increasing opportunities for personalization. We discuss two key design challenges related to the roles of tracking and temporality in digital interventions for NSSI, and then frame design considerations related to these challenges within the lived informatics model.
A Comprehensive Review of Optimal Approaches to Co-Design in Health with First Nations Australians
Authors: Butler Tamara , Gall Alana , Garvey Gail , Ngampromwongse Khwanruethai , Hector Debra , Turnbull Scott , Lucas Kerri , Nehill Caroline , Boltong Anna , Keefe Dorothy , Anderson Kate
Published: December 2022

Background: Australia’s social, structural, and political context, together with the continuing impact of colonisation, perpetuates health care and outcome disparities for First Nations Australians. A new approach led by First Nations Australians is required to address these disparities. Co-design is emerging as a valued method for First Nations Australian communities to drive change in health policy and practice to better meet their needs and priorities. However, it is critical that co-design processes and outcomes are culturally safe and effective. Aims: This project aimed to identify the current evidence around optimal approaches to co-design in health with First Nations Australians. Methods: First Nations Australian co-led team conducted a comprehensive review to identify peer-reviewed and grey literature reporting the application of co-design in health-related areas by and with First Nations Australians. A First Nations Co-Design Working Group (FNCDWG) was established to guide this work and team.A Collaborative Yarning Methodology (CYM) was used to conduct a thematic analysis of the included literature. Results: After full-text screening, 99 studies were included. Thematic analysis elicited the following six key themes, which included 28 practical sub-themes, relevant to co-design in health with First Nations Australians: First Nations Australians leadership; Culturally grounded approach; Respect; Benefit to First Nations communities; Inclusive partnerships; and Evidence-based decision making. Conclusion: The findings of this review provide a valuable snapshot of the existing evidence to be used as a starting point to guide appropriate and effective applications of co-design in health with First Nations Australians.
A Future Perspective on Waste Management of Lithium-Ion Batteries for Electric Vehicles in Lao PDR: Current Status and Challenges
Authors: Noudeng Vongdala , Quan Nguyen Van , Xuan Tran Dang
Published: December 2022

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become a hot topic worldwide because they are not only the best alternative for energy storage systems but also have the potential for developing electric vehicles (EVs) that support greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction and pollution prevention in the transport sector. However, the recent increase in EVs has brought about a rise in demand for LIBs, resulting in a substantial number of used LIBs. The end-of-life (EoL) of batteries is related to issues including, for example, direct disposal of toxic pollutants into the air, water, and soil, which threatens organisms in nature and human health. Currently, there is various research on spent LIB recycling and disposal, but there are no international or united standards for LIB waste management. Most countries have used a single or combination methodology of practices; for instance, pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, direct recycling, full or partial combined recycling, and lastly, landfilling for unnecessary waste. However, EoL LIB recycling is not always easy for developing countries due to multiple limitations, which have been problems and challenges from the beginning and may reach into the future. Laos is one such country that might face those challenges and issues in the future due to the increasing trend of EVs. Therefore, this paper intends to provide a future perspective on EoL LIB management from EVs in Laos PDR, and to point out the best approaches for management mechanisms and sustainability without affecting the environment and human health. Significantly, this review compares the current EV LIB management between Laos, neighboring countries, and some developed countries, thereby suggesting appropriate solutions for the future sustainability of spent LIB management in the nation. The Laos government and domestic stakeholders should focus urgently on specific policies and regulations by including the extended producer responsibility (EPR) scheme in enforcement.
Health Impacts of High BMI in China: Terrible Present and Future
Authors: Xiang Hong , Yang Runjuan , Tu Jiaxin , Guan Xi , Tao Xufeng
Published: December 2022

Temporal trends and future expectations of health effects due to high body mass index (BMI) remain uncertain in China. The trends of high-BMI-related death in China were evaluated and predicted until 2040 using data and methods from the Global Burden of Disease study. The absolute numbers and age-standardized rates of death and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were also calculated by age, gender, and cause. From 1990 to 2019, the high-BMI-related death percent, number and rate were all significantly increased in China, and death rate may exceed that globally in the next 10 years. High BMI caused more deaths and DALYs for men than for women, and the gap appeared to increase over time. In 2019, the burden of high BMI among ages 0–14 and 15–19 for children and adolescents were lower than that among adults (>20 years). The most common cause of death associated with high BMI was stroke, followed by ischemic heart disease and hypertensive heart disease. High BMI burden is a significant public health challenges in China. BMI surveillance and evaluation of evidence-based preventive strategies should be immediately initiated in Chinese residents due to the rapid increase in the burden of high BMI.
Physical Activity, Sleep Patterns and Diet Habits as Well as the Prevalence of Obesity among Adolescents: A Cross Sectional Study from Ha’il City in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Abedelmalek Salma , Adam Halima , Alardan Sultan , Yassin Sami , Chtourou Hamdi , Souissi Nizar
Published: December 2022

Obesity is expected to increase in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the physical activity, sleep patterns and diet habits as well as the prevalence of obesity among adolescents from Ha’il City. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1598 adolescent students (663 males and 935 females) aged 12–15 years who were randomly selected from different schools in Ha’il. Body mass index (BMI) was used to classify participants as underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese (class and class II). Moreover, physical activity, sleep patterns and diet habits were recorded. The prevalence of obesity was 52.1%. Obesity is significantly more prevalent in females compared to males (62.9% vs. 36.59%, p < 0.001). Moreover, students in the third grade are the most obese in comparison with the first and the second educational level (p < 0.001). Additionally, students aged 15 years old are the most obese compared to 12 years, 13 years and 14 years (p < 0.001). Additionally, the results showed that students who suffer from obesity eat food when they feel higher stress and tension scores and that they do not eat their meals regularly. Additionally, 79% of those who eat fried food daily are obese. It was reported that 61.1% of students in this study were physically inactive. Furthermore, 58.4% of students have a higher proportion of insufficient sleeping duration (>7 h per night) (p < 0.001). This increased rate of obesity is higher in females compared to males and it was related to inactivity as well as perturbed sleep and eating habits. Therefore, we recommend an obesity prevention program including health education in Ha’il City, KSA.
Using the Countermovement Jump Metrics to Assess Dynamic Eccentric Strength: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Chang Chien-Chun , Chiang Chieh-Ying
Published: December 2022

Background: This study aimed to determine the validity and reliability of the countermovement jump (CMJ) as a dynamic eccentric (Ecc) strength test. Methods: Thirty-three college male student-athletes were recruited to participate in this study. The participants first performed CMJs with the second consisting of one repetition maximum back squat (1RM-BS) test. CMJ and 1RM-BS tests were performed on twin force plates. Results: The CMJ had significant correlations with the Ecc peak force (EccPF), and Ecc mean force (EccMF) of 1RM-BS, respectively (r = 0.61–0.69). Moreover, all parameters had a coefficient of variation (CV) < 10%. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values were moderate to excellent for each metric using the CMJ (0.94–0.97). The 1RM-BS and CMJ EccPF, EccMF Bland-Altman bias estimate variance ratio is 1.31–1.67, showing a moderate-large correlation in the Bland-Altman plot. Conclusions: CMJ ECC phase kinetics were associated with the 1RM-BS EccPF and EccMF. The CMJ can be an alternative tool for eccentric dynamic strength assessment.
Trends and Determinants of Operative Vaginal Delivery at Two Academic Hospitals in Johannesburg, South Africa 2005–2019
Authors: Dutywa Afikile , Olorunfemi Gbenga , Mbodi Langanani
Published: December 2022

Operative Vaginal delivery (OVD) can reduce perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality especially in low resource setting such as South Africa. We evaluated the trends and determinants of OVD rates using join point regression at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg (CMJAH) and Chris Hani Baragwaneth (CHBAH) Academic Hospitals from 1 January 2005–31 December 2019 and conducted a comparative study of OVD (n = 179) and normal delivery (n = 179). Over the 15-year study period (2005–2019), 323,617 deliveries and 4391 OVDs were conducted at CHBAH giving an OVD rate of 1.36 per 100 births. In CMJAH, 74,485 deliveries and 1191 OVDs were conducted over an eleven-year period (2009–2019) with OVD rate of 1.60 per 100 births. OVD rate at CHBAH increased from 2005–2014 at 9.1% per annum and declined by 13.6% from 2014–2019, while OVD rates fluctuates at CMJAH. Of the 179 patients who had OVD, majority (n = 166,92.74%) had vacuum. Women who had OVDs were younger than those who vaginal delivery (p-value < 0.001). The prevalence of OVDs was higher among nulliparous women (p-value < 0.001), HIV negative women (p-value = 0.021), underweight (p-value < 0.001) as compared to normal delivery. The OVD rates has dramatically reduced over the study period This study heightens the need to further evaluate barriers to OVD use in our environment
Initial Treatment of High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema: Comparison of Oxygen and Auto-PEEP
Authors: Tannheimer Markus , Lechner Raimund
Published: December 2022

Background: Improvement of oxygenation is the aim in the therapy of high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE). However, descent is often difficult and hyperbaric chambers, as well as bottled oxygen, are often not available. We compare Auto-PEEP (AP-Pat), a special kind of pursed lips breathing, against the application of bottled oxygen (O2-Pat) in two patients suffering from HAPE. Methods: We compare the effect of these two different therapies on oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry (SpO2) over time. Result: In both patients SpO2 increased significantly from 65–70% to 95%. Above 80% this increase was slower in AP-Pat compared with O2-Pat. Therapy started immediately in AP-Pat but was delayed in O2-Pat because of organizational and logistic reasons. Conclusions: The well-established therapies of HAPE are always the option of choice, if available, and should be started as soon as possible. The advantage of Auto-PEEP is its all-time availability. It improves SpO2 nearly as well as 3 L/min oxygen and furthermore has a positive effect on oxygenation lasting for approximately 120 min after stopping. Auto-PEEP treatment does not appear inferior to oxygen treatment, at least in this cross-case comparison. Its immediate application after diagnosis probably plays an important role here.
Effects of Curcumin and Lactoferrin to Inhibit the Growth and Migration of Prostatic Cancer Cells
Authors: Costantini Erica , Di Nicola Marta , Marchioni Michele , Aielli Lisa , Reale Marcella , Schips Luigi
Published: December 2022

Prostate cancer remains one of the main causes of death for men worldwide. Despite recent advances in cancer treatment, patients develop resistance after an initial period of optimal efficacy. Nowadays, it is accepted that natural compounds can result in health benefits with a preventive or adjuvant effect. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of curcumin (CU), a bioactive compound in the spice turmeric, and lactoferrin (LF), a natural glycoprotein with immunomodulatory properties, on DU145 and PC3. Prostate cancer cells were cultured with and without LF (175 μM) and CU (2.5 μg/mL and 5 μg/mL), alone and in combination. Cell viability, migration ability, death receptors (DRs), and integrins (α3, β1) gene expression were evaluated, as well as human annexin V quantification and Akt phosphorylation. Differences among cells group, defined according to the treatment used, were assessed with ANOVA. The results showed that the effects of CU and LF are different between the two prostatic cell lines analyzed. In DU145, a reduction in cell proliferation and migration is reported both in the presence of single and combined treatments. In PC3 cells, there is a significant reduction in proliferation in the presence of CU alone, while the inhibition of migration is mainly related to the LF treatment and its combination with CU, compared to untreated cells. Moreover, the reduction in gene expression of integrins and Akt pathway activation were observed mostly in the presence of the CU and LF combination, including the upregulation of DR and annexin V levels, with greater significance for the DU145 cells. In conclusion, our results suggest that CU and LF may have a potentially beneficial effect, mainly when administered in combination, leading to a reduction in cancer cells’ aggressiveness.