LINGUISTIC AND EXTRA-LINGUISTIC ASPECTS OF CONTRASTIVE DERIVATIVES CREATION
Authors:   Kamianets-Podilskyi Ivan Ohiienko National University, Berkeshchuk Inna , Ladyniak Nataliia ,   Kamianets-Podilskyi Ivan Ohiienko National University
Published: February 2025

Presently, in the development of Ukrainian derivatology, the issue of identifying the typology of word formation, which is based on the functional load of the derivative words, is becoming more and more relevant, and this issue can be solved only within the framework of the approach that has been formed relatively recently. In word formation, it is called base-centred because it focuses on the derivational base as a typologising factor. The aim of the base-centred direction is to describe the derivational potential of different classes of derivational lexemes, to find out the linguistic and extralinguistic factors that determine their word-formation ability. The aim of the study is to identify the structural and semantic typology of the respective nouns, to identify the factors that regulate the derivational power of Ukrainian names of tools, body parts and metals. The main objectives are to analyse the factors that influence the word-formation capacity of derivative nouns; to consider the semantic correlation of derivative nouns with their derivatives; to investigate the ways and means of realising the word-formation meanings of these desubstantives. The object of the study is the pronoun word formation of the modern Ukrainian language. The subject of the study is the linguistic and extra-linguistic factors of the production of lexemes from the names of tools, body parts and metals. The materials of the research can be used in derivatological studies when describing word-formation nests, for characterising the word-formation system of desubstantives in monographic works. The results and materials obtained can be used for compiling morphemic and word-formation dictionaries, as well as in university courses on morphemics and word formation and in relevant textbooks and manuals. The Ukrainian names of tools, body parts and metals are included in the lexical system of the Ukrainian language as certain lexical and semantic groups of words. Considering the semantic characteristics of the studied derivatives, their structural and functional parameters, the dominant factors that influence the word-forming capacity of the studied groups of derivatives are determined. These are the following for derivatives: lexical semantics of derivatives, symbolic meaning, stylistic marking, synonymy, derivativity/non-derivativity, systemic substitution (we are talking about the redundancy of a derivative, provided that a derivative with a different format, but the same meaning or its place in the lexical system of the language is replaced by a jointly functional linguistic unit of a non-word structure). The realisation of the outlined semantics by derivatives derived from the names of tools, body parts and metals is achieved through various means, among which suffixation prevails. Other means of word formation are prefixes, conflations (especially when creating derivatives from somatisms), and the postfix ‘-ся’, which is combined with suffixes or conflations. Compound derivatives are formed by word-, stem-, or word-, stem- with suffixation elements.