bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Beckett Et Les Premières Théories Cinématographiques
Authors: Engelberts Matthijs
Published: January 2016

This article examines the influence of early film theories, those of the 1920s and '30s, on the first scenario for the screen – and the only strictly cinematographic work – written by Beckett : In spite of the facts known thanks to his correspondence, for example Beckett's reading in the 1930s of texts published by Rudolf Arnheim, Vsevolod Pudovkin and Sergei Eisenstein, and in spite of the attention that critics, including Deleuze, have given to Beckett's works for the cinema and television, Beckett's use of these modernist film theories has not been analyzed structurally. Color, sound, close-up : these three hotly debated issues are re-examined by Beckett in the sixties, largely along the lines of early film theory.
Le Théâtre de La Non-Coïncidence: Dynamique du Paradoxe dans les Pièces monologales de Samuel Beckett
Authors: Soenen Dimitri
Published: January 2016

Though monologue is the main form of Beckett's drama from the sixties, it is used in a paradoxical way: whereas monologue usually discloses the intimate feelings of the characters, it seems here to be diverted from its traditional function. A sharp interrogation replaces the access to the characters' personal history, so that their existence is undermined by an ontological doubt, as ghosts' are.
Les Becquets de Beckettvers Vers une édition génétique des dirnières œuvres bilingues
Authors: Van Hulle Dirk
Published: January 2016

Beckett's last texts can be regarded as a poetical testament, presented 'en fuite' in a similar way as Proust's description of the carafes in the Vivonne. This Proustian idea underpins the concept of an electronic genetic edition of Beckett's last texts. The presentation of Beckett's last texts within the context of their 'avant-textes' emphasizes the importance of the materiality of the manuscripts in Beckett's fugal poetics. The 'becquets' – the signs that Beckett uses in his manuscripts to indicate where he is adding an element to the body of the text – constitute an aspect of his works that emphasizes the importance of the manuscripts as a form of Beckett's presence, which deserves to be studied in counterpoint with the published versions.
Beckett En Iran
Authors: Mask Ahmad Kamyabi
Published: January 2016

this famous play by Beckett, has been translated nine times since 1966 in Iran. It was first produced in the Iranian production in 1968 at the Irano-American Institute, and then in the universities. From that time on, all of Beckett's works have been taught in the faculties of dramatic arts. Due to the influence of Westem criticism, Godot has been interpreted as God. After the Islamic Revolution, the Iranian press published numerous articles on Beckett. Nowadays, Beckett's works, adaptations as well as parodies of are performed throughout Iran. He who in postwar Europe questioned the coming of a Savior, now fascinates university students.
"ACCURSED CREATOR": Beckett, Romanticism, and "the Modern Prometheus"
Authors: Van Hulle Dirk
Published: January 2016

The Romantic period is part of what Reinhart Koselleck has called the ('saddle period'), the era that flanks the French Revolution by fifty years on either side. To investigate Beckett's ambiguous attitude towards this period, this essay starts with the Graveyard Poets and concludes with Mary Shelley's "hideous progeny" – as she called in the introduction to the 1831 edition. The essay investigates the relationship between "the modern Prometheus" and his "creature," and the theme of creation as a muddy but central issue in Beckett's works and self-translations.
Samuel Beckett and Anthropomorphic Insolence
Authors: Ackerley Chris
Published: January 2016

Samuel Beckett's writings display a contradictory attitude to Romanticism, their incipient lyricism ruthlessly constrained and the "impulse to animise" rejected in favour of a view of nature as atomistic, mineral and organic. Beckett's distrust of the dictum that "man is the measure of all things" leads in to a sustained critique of the anthropomorphic impulse and of any epistemology (including Romanticism) that thus asserts the self. I then critique, from the perspective of , two Romantic tenets: "mythical fancy" and the transcendental impulse. The essay concludes where it begins, with Beckett's ambiguous attraction to a tradition he rejected, this constituting his experience of the romantic agony.
A Rump Sexuality: The Recurrence of Defecating Horses in Beckett's Oeuvre
Authors: Stewart Paul
Published: January 2016

Through the examination of the recurrent sexualised image of horses' posteriors in the act of defecation in , , and this paper outlines a nexus of concepts clustering around this apparently aberrant sexual stimulus. Using Freud's case history of Little Hans and the suggested relationship between defecation and childbirth as an analogue, the paper argues that the image reveals not a horror at sexuality within Beckett's works, but a horror at reproductive sexuality which finds its fullest expression in the sterile world of
"ON SUCH AND SUCH A DAY … IN SUCH A WORLD": Beckett's Radical Finitude
Authors: Connor Steven
Published: January 2016

Beckett has been made the centrepiece of what might be called a contemporary aesthetics of the inexhaustible, which assumes the sovereign value of endless propagation and maintains a horror of any kind of limit. Having perhaps helped in some of my previous work to recruit Beckett to this aesthetic, I argue in this paper that Beckett is in fact a writer who is governed by the principles of limit and finitude, principles that are in fact both philosophically more provocative and politically more responsible than the cult of endless exceeding that has attached itself to Beckett.
PLAYING WITH DEATH IN
Authors: Campbell Julie
Published: January 2016

The focus of this discussion of Beckett and play will be on D. W. Winnicott's theories of childhood play and his contention that play continues as creative activity in adult life. I will be relating his ideas to Wolfgang Iser's theories on reader response. This will lead to a consideration of Malone at play, in the roles of narrator, creator and protagonist in , and the ways in which playing involves the reader, not only in the creative activity he describes, but also in the experience of his dying.
UNE MISE AU TOMBEAU: la terre beckettienne dans
Authors: Bruneau-Suhas Régine
Published: January 2016

By way of her burial, Winnie commits herself to the profounds of the world. Slumbering, she dreams of her death within the earth while obsessively manipulating her everyday objects. The earth-wrapper ends up by letting everything go; it opens up a theatrical habitat par excellence – the tomb itself that welcomes death in order to give a life of sorts – in the theatre. It is useless to count on a waning horizon to resuscitate Beckett's world. What Beckett shows in is artifice clearing a passage for a fictional horizon situated between a suspended life and a certain death.
Aspects de l'eau dans le théâtre de beckett
Authors: Hoffert Yannick
Published: January 2016

Beckett's theatre systematically attempts to reject the euphoric values that might be associated with the water element, when it is part of the description of a landscape, by linking it to imprisonment, absence, death and degradation. In Beckett's later works, waters increasingly turn out to be expressions of the hardly bearable inner world of the characters. Thus Beckett's writing contributes to the representation of life as a paradox experienced by his characters. Whether an object of discourse or a metaphor for speech, water reveals how life is essentially trapped in a core of impossibilities.
La boue dans : "Petits paquets grammaire d'oiseau"
Authors: Bousquet Mireille
Published: January 2016

The mud is not the least of the elements in Beckett's work. In , its disquieting presence moulds the narrator – a shapeless substance one can either drink or sink into. Although the mud could most evidently be interpreted as an image of the human condition, my aim is to show that it operates on a poetic level and through a complex interweaving of language and value. Rather than trying to bring out the meaning of this ambiguous and suggestive element, I want to focus on how the mud produces significance and creates new possibilities of hearing and seeing, through the invention of a renewed mode of saying.
"Et rêve d'un espace sans ici ni ailleurs": Parcours en terre beckettienne
Authors: Ost Isabelle
Published: January 2016

Among the four elements, the earth seems to be for Beckett the matter which allows the human being to go back to his roots, through the most fundamental postures or through walking. It is the matter of space itself which, from a Beckettian point of view, needs to be explored step by step, by covering the distance. We will then use Deleuze and Guattari's "geophilosophy" to analyse the beating between "deterritorialization" and "reterritorialization," the character's "nomadism," the wandering on Earth following the rythm of a constant "come and go" – in a word, to draw Beckett's cartography.
Père de pierre
Authors: Houppermans Sjef
Published: January 2016

The presence of stones in Beckett's work is linked to the essential ambivalence concerning the hard fruits of Mother Earth. Stones throw a bridge between the parental instances under the sign of the Freudian notion of 'fort-da,' seen as the most elementary psychic movement. We propose to visit the tombstones in the text and to join the old woman wandering between the stones of her garden in . The uncanny characterizes the ambivalent impressions created by these concretions, stemming from within the body of the earth, signs of death, but also incessantly pursuing the phantasmal intimacy of the mother. Strange familiarity of these tombstones, where the body of the father has been buried.
La mise en scène des éléments
Authors: Hubert Marie-Claude
Published: January 2016

In Beckett's first plays, the emotional impact of drama is based on the representation of one of the four elements. When they are present, the elements are disastrous; when they are absent, they cause suffering. This deeply metaphysical theatre evokes the endings by way of their representation which can be considered as a metaphor of death.
The spectral logic of : from Reception to Genesis and Back
Authors: Sardin Pascale
Published: January 2016

In the wake of Jacques Derrida's work on the television medium, this paper investigates the structural self-reflexiveness of Beckett's bilingual TV play . Based on a close reading of the bilingual manuscript drafts, it studies the anarchic structure of the play both on the level of reception and of its bilingual conception. The play is envisaged as a 'logodrama.' In the same way as the self-translator has to mourn the impossibility of perfection, the viewer and the critic are led to mourn the fixity of words and meanings, thereby experiencing a "passion" akin to Joe's.
: Abortion and Infanticide in Beckett and Yeats
Authors: Kennedy Seán
Published: January 2016

As Lee Edelman has shown, the child has become a privileged signifier in political discourse of a belief in the future as such, a phenomenon he terms “reproductive futurism.” Here, the figure of the child in the works of W. B. Yeats and Samuel Beckett is read in the light of a divisive politics of fertility in Ireland that was symptomatic of the broader struggle over Ireland's future. Reading and “A Prayer for my Daughter,” I argue that whereas Yeats's antinationalism sponsored a pronatalism that invokes the child as signifier of a reinvigorated Protestant ascendancy, Beckett was both antinationalist and antinatalist, rejecting pronatalism and any possible future the child may signify.
Sexual and Aesthetic Reproduction in
Authors: Stewart Paul
Published: January 2016

Malone's narratives are investigated through their relation to Schiller's and Schopenhauer's championing of aesthetic contemplation. Although Beckett follows Schopenhauer in his condemnation of the will-to-live, particularly as represented by procreation, it is argued that the narratives of Malone reveal an inability to create pure, disinterested, aesthetic objects. The paradigms of fictional creation adopted by Malone are infected by modes proper to sexual reproduction and therefore fail to release Malone from time and the will. It is argued that the reproductive motifs within demonstrate Beckett's subtle rejection of the aesthetic optimism of Schopenhauer and Schiller.
Samuel Beckett's Debt to Aristotle: Cosmology, Syllogism, Space, Time
Authors: Cordingley Anthony
Published: January 2016

This essay argues for the presence of Aristotelian ideas of cosmic order, syllogism, space and time in Beckett's . It accounts for how such ideas impact upon the novel's 'I' as he attempts to offer a philosophical 'solution' to his predicament in an underworld divorced from the revolving heavens. Beckett's study of formal logic as a student at Trinity College, Dublin and his private study of philosophy in 1932 is examined in this light; particularly his “Philosophy Notes,” along with some possible further sources for his knowledge. The essay then reveals a creative transformation of Aristotelian ideas in which led to formal innovations, such as the continuous present of its narrative.
Art of Noise: Beckett's Language in a Culture of Information
Authors: Salisbury Laura
Published: January 2016

Using Beckett's notes on Maxwell's Demon from the “Whoroscope” Notebook alongside his psychology notes on the relationship between 'figure' and 'ground' in the perception of meaning, this article suggests that in the 1930s and 40s Beckett began to use language in a way that troubles the distinction between what can technically be described as signal and noise, intended and unintended information. It argues that Beckett's desire to hear and feel the noise of language is not part of an evocation of entropic decline towards heat death, but forms part of an understanding of the literary text as bearing signs of life.
Beckett's Barbouillages
Authors: Prosser Bill
Published: January 2016

Permutations are readily acknowledged as one of the stocks-in-trade of Beckett's writing. What is perhaps less widely appreciated is how they also haunt his copious marginal drawings. Stretching from an interbreeding of the simplest geometric shapes to a brood of fully-fledged human figures, these doodles seem bent on stirring-up our imaginations through their subtle twists and turns. And how do they differ essentially from his texts?
and the Tradition of 1960's New Realism: Between Theatre and Art
Authors: Harari Dror
Published: January 2016

While Beckett's minimalism seems to draw his theatre further into its centre of gravity, it also pushes it in a counter move to its medial boundaries. This article examines Beckett's most compact piece, (1969), in the context of the major changes in the art world of the 1960s – particularly, the emergence of “new realist” sensibility in France – and suggests its consideration as a manifestation of “new theatre,” which blurs the line between theatre and the plastic arts.
L'écriture Aphasique de Samuel Beckett
Authors: Laranjinha Natália
Published: January 2016

Partant de la relation dialogique entre apories et aphasies dans l'œuvre de Beckett, nous nous proposons de saisir et d'exposer, à partir des cadres conceptuels de Freud et de Jakobson, une brève symptomatologie des aphasies dans ses textes. Ainsi pourrons-nous mettre en lumière certaines apories transcrites dans l'écriture aphasique.
Variations Chorégraphiques: depuis , les chorégraphes français et Beckett
Authors: Alias Valérie
Published: January 2016

For the past thirty years, French choreographers have often staged Beckett's work, in particular since the famous production of Maguy Marin, (1981). This article present an analysis of some of these pieces, and tries to understand why Beckett's texts seem to have a privileged location within the literary references of choreographers, and to what extent this filiation echoes aesthetic positions within contemporary dance.
Les Tentatives Beckettiennes du Style dans de J. M. Coetzee
Authors: Desblaches Claudia
Published: January 2016

In “Homage,” J. M. Coetzee acknowledges the influence if Beckett on his writing style: “The deepest lesssons one learns from other writers, are, [...] matter of rhythm, broadly conveived [...] it is not 'ideas' that one picks up from other writers, but [...] a style, an attitude to the world” (1973, 53). It is precisely this style or “attitude to the world” that we would like to focus on by a parallel reading of (1999, 2 ed. 2000). and .
Black Holes: A Philosophical View on and
Authors: Oppo Andrea
Published: January 2016

This article focuses on two significant texts revealing the crisis and stalemate of narrative during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries: Herman Melville's short tale Bartleby, The Scrivener and Samuel Beckett's Endgame. Particular attention is paid to Gilles Deleuze's and Theodor Adorno's philosophical interpretations of these two authors. Overall, the interruption and impasse of narrative are shown to happen in two radically different ways in Melville and Beckett, leading to two equally different consequences for the definition of subjectivity in contemporary aesthetics.
: Beckett's “Ecological Thought”
Authors: Garrard Greg
Published: January 2016

Ecocriticism has tended to avoid modernist texts in favour of ones that make vivid, epiphanic reference to nature. Beckett's states, in common with some environmentalists, that “there's no more nature” – but refuses to reveal the dimensions of its absence. Reread as a precursor to ecocriticism, it is paradoxically the perfect play for the era of anxiety about climate change, which eludes both sensory apprehension and generic representation.
Fascination de la Tragédie Racinienne: résonances dans
Authors: de Ruyter Danièle
Published: January 2016

Beckett's interest in Jean Racine is well known, but the publication of notes taken by students in the course Beckett gave at Trinity College permits us to see more precisely what particularly interested him in the classical French tragedian's dramaturgy. Focusing on the parallels between Beckett's and Racine's three favorite plays, , and , this study aims to locate points of commonality by means of the functioning of dramatic categories or, more precisely, to highlight how, beyond any citational impact, one finds in Beckett's dramaturgy an echo, a resonance of the tragic Racinian universe and even of the very structure of his tragedies.
Allegories of Clarity and Obscurity: Bunyan's and Beckett's
Authors: Campbell Julie
Published: January 2016

This article explores the ways in which Beckett's can be considered a modern allegory that both uses and confuses the methods of traditional allegory. John Bunyan, in , was able to depend upon his readers' knowledge of the Bible to decode the allegorical nature of the tale of Christian and his endeavours to overcome sinfulness and reach heaven. This discussion is concerned with the way Beckett redefines the allegoric mode in , simultaneously encouraging and thwarting the reader's interpretive activity, and the ways in which the allusions to Bunyan's text play a part in this process.
The of Hunger: Post-war Beckett and the Genealogies of Starvation
Authors: Moody Alys
Published: January 2016

Hunger is a pervasive trope in Beckett's major works of the post-war period. This article examines the possibilities for situating this trope historically. It seeks to mediate between the tendency of hunger to resist contextual markers, and the competing historical narratives of Irish and French history – the Famine and hunger strikes on the one hand, and World War II rationing and food shortages on the other – that predispose us to read hunger as a point of engagement with history and nation.
Femi Osofisan: Revisionary Notes on Familial Relations
Authors: Olaniyan Tejumola
Published: January 2016

One of the most common obsessions – perhaps the defining one – of scholarly discourse on the African family is how it has been affected by change. Very often, serious research, theoretical and methodological challenges are side-tracked in the pursuit of showing how the African family had been in an ambiguously specified 'past', and how it is in an equally vaguely defined 'present'. It is as if the African family is worth studying only because it can be shown to be a receptacle for historical changes of all kinds. As a result, the rush is often to an analytical framework which privileges the so-called 'tradition / modernity' divide, in which whatever feature of the African family that is perceived as indigenous is labeled 'traditional', while everything else with an uncertain indigenous provenance is 'modern' or 'Western', a result of the colonial encounter. I have labelled this the anthropological approach to the African family. To be sure, this approach has its own uses, but its insights have been very limited. What distinguishes Femi Osofisan's dramatic intervention is a firm denial that the productive way to read the African family is necessarily to privilege its trajectory of change. Change, after all, is the fate of all social institutions. His plays propose social ethics as a more illuminating conceptual direction to follow.
Representational Exposures: The Album of Nigerian Women's Poetry (1985–2006)
Authors: Raji–Oyelade Aderemi
Published: January 2016

In this essay, I argue that the provision of a calendar of Nigerian women's poetry is a necessary discursive means of foregrounding and symbolising the displaced and subalternized arm of the literary tradition. I note that the visibility of the female writer in much of contemporary Nigerian (and African) writing can best be contextually determined in the province of poetry since this is the genre where women's performance (as authors) is most suspect, or deferred. Therefore, in producing an album of the female authorial presence over two decades, I draw attention to the dominant tropes of "women's poetry" as a distinct but integral part of a literary canon which requires re-definition.
Okigbo Agonistes: Postcolonial Subjectivity in "Limits" and "Distances"
Authors: Nwakanma Obi
Published: January 2016

Among Africa's leading twentieth-century poets, Christopher Okigbo occupies a most interesting space. Born to Igbo Roman Catholic parents in Eastern Nigeria, Okigbo studied the Classics and began to write poetry as a means of re-identification with his primal world. Yet both his life and his poetry staked a claim to a universalist impulse, and, as a colonial subject interpreting the postcolonial moment, Okigbo rejected a narrow, essentialist categorization of either himself or his poetry. He rejected the Africa Prize in 1966, claiming that "there is no such thing as African poetry, there is only good poetry or bad poetry." Okigbo appropriated signs and tropes from a vast range of sources, emphasizing the cosmopolitan, hybrid, transborder nature of signs and language in the postcolonial text. Yet Okigbo's poetry exhibits the recursive fantasy, displacement, and disorientation of a problematic imaginative cosmos. I argue in this essay that Okigbo, especially in the poems "Limits" and "Distances," was expressing his attempt to engage in an agonistic search, a quest for some stable identity. In interpreting the chaotic space of postcolonial experience, the poet Okigbo reflects what Homi Bhabha describes as a "mixed and split text of hybridity" – the double-toned voice of postcolonial anxiety.
Earth in the Balance The Commodification of the Environment in and
Authors: Nwagbara Uzoechi
Published: January 2016

Tanure Ojaide and Niyi Òsundare are among the foremost politically committed Nigerian poets at present. The overriding concern in virtually all their literary works is commenting on the politics of the season. In Òsundare's words, poetry is “man meaning to man.” For Ojaide, a creative writer is not “an airplant” that is not situated in a place. Both writers envision literature should have political message. Thus, in Òsundare's collection (1986) and Tanure Ojaide's (1998) the major aesthetic focus is eco-poetry, which interrogates the politics behind oil exploration in Nigeria as well as its consequences on our environment. Both writers refract this with what Òsundare calls “semantics of terrestiality”: i.e. poetry for the earth. Eco-poetry deals with environmental politics and ecological implications of humankind's activities on the planet. Armed with this poetic commitment, both writers unearth commodification of socio-economic relations, environmental/ecological dissonance, leadership malaise and endangered Nigerian environment mediated through (global) capitalism. Both writers maintain that eco-poetry is a platform for upturning environmental justice; and for decrying man's unbridled materialist pursuits. Thus, the preoccupation of this paper is to explore how both poetry collections: and interrogate the despicable state of Nigeria's environment as a consequence of global capitalism.
The Changing Status of Historical Sites in Ilé-IfÀ Implications for the Contemporary Study of Yorùbá History and Culture
Authors: Adesoji Abimbola O.
Published: January 2016

Historical sites – mainly shrines, groves, and other places of significance – are common features of the ancient city of Ilé-Ifè. Some of the various traditions supporting the existence of these sites are full of mysteries that generate tremendous awe among the local inhabitants. However, the traditions give deeper insights into the history of the people and their leaders, some of who became deified. In the same vein, the traditions provide a goldmine of information on the culture and belief-system of the people, the challenges that they faced at different times, and how these challenges were surmounted. In most cases, the sites serve as a reminder of the exploits of the deified individuals with a view to appreciating their contributions to the existence or survival and growth of their community. This perhaps explains the rationale behind the celebration of festivals to commemorate the achievements of these legendary heroes and heroines. However, despite the efforts being made to preserve these sites, it would seem that some of them are changing in status due to certain developments taking place in society. Examined here are some of these sites, their nature and the changes that have taken place or are taking place, bringing out, in the process, the causative factors as well as the consequences. The essay concludes with an examination of the implications of this development on the study of Yorùbá history, culture, and religion.
Magic, Witchcraft, and Sorcery in Warfare The Experience of the Etsako of Nigeria
Authors: Asekhauno Anthony Afe. , Inagbor Valentine Ananafe
Published: January 2016

It is normal to scheme and employ any weapon to achieve the defeat of an opponent in warfare. Among modern states, such weapons include diplomacy, guns, machine guns, bombs, and missiles; but traditional Africa, such weapons include the use of craft, magic, sorcery and other spiritual forces. This is because it is believed that the involvement of spiritual forces in warfare is far more potent than simply reliance on human/material forces and techniques. This is exactly the belief and practice among the Etsako of Nigeria in their approach to their communal warfare. But the question remains: How is sorcery and witchcraft employed in warfare? Is the use of those spiritual elements in traditional African setting potent and relevant in modern warfare? This essay indicates that in Africa, as in the example of the Etsako of Nigeria, the use of witchcraft, magic, and sorcery is always a potent force in warfare, both traditional and modern.
Grapho-Syntactic Analysis of Selected Political Speeches of Some Nigerian Heads of State
Authors: Ayeomoni Moses Omoniyi
Published: January 2016

This study investigates how the non-professional politicians: the military, when they become Heads of State, use the linguistic resources and devices of grapho-syntax to convey their political ideas and thoughts. It is therefore, a part of the objectives of this study, to find out which of the components of grapho-syntactic features are most prominent in the speeches. It is also meant to unravel the thematic roles played by these prominent features in the realization of the political intentions of the speakers. The data used for the work is based on some selected political speeches of the military Heads of State that ruled the country from 1966 to 1983. The data or speeches were analysed from the perspectives of the Linguistic stylistic approach and linguistic framework of Systemic Functional Linguistics. It is discovered from the analysis that the language of the military political rulers is permeated with sparsely use of punctuation marks (open use of punctuation marks). This is in tune with swift and quick style they carry out their administrative duties. Besides, their language in political addresses is mainly of simple declarative sentences. This style, too, is concomitant with their simple and unbureaucratic way of governing.
Morphological and cytotaxonomic data of Allium trichocnemis and A. seirotrichum (Amaryllidaceae) endemic to Northern Algeria, compared with A. cupanii group
Authors: KHEDIM Thinhinan , AMIROUCHE Nabila , AMIROUCHE Rachid
Published: January 2016

In this study two rare species of Allium, endemic to Northern Algeria, namely A. trichocnemis and A. seirotrichum are examined from morphological, karyological, chorological and ecological point of view. The chromosome complements of these species are reported here for the first time. Taxonomical comparison with the allied species (A. cf. cupanii and A. cf. hirtovaginatum) occurring also in Algeria are carried out too.
Suicidal behaviours: Prevalence estimates from the second Australian Child and Adolescent Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing
Authors: Zubrick Stephen R , Hafekost Jennifer , Johnson Sarah E , Lawrence David , Saw Suzy , Sawyer Michael , Ainley John , Buckingham William J
Published: January 2016

Objective:

To (1) estimate the lifetime and 12-month prevalence of suicidal behaviours in Australian young people aged 12–17 years, (2) describe their co-morbidity with mental illness and (3) describe the co-variation of these estimates with social and demographic variables.

Method:

A national random sample of children aged 4–17 years was recruited in 2013–2014. The response rate to the survey was 55% with 6310 parents and carers of eligible households participating. In addition, of the 2967 young people aged 11–17 years in these households, 89% (2653) of the 12- to 17-year-olds completed a self-report questionnaire that included questions about suicidal behaviour.

Results:

In any 12-month period, about 2.4% or 41,400 young people would have made a suicide attempt. About 7.5% of 12- to 17-year-olds report having suicidal ideation, 5.2% making a plan and less than 1% (0.6%) receiving medical treatment for an attempt. The presence of a mental disorder shows the largest significant association with lifetime and 12-month suicidal behaviour, along with age, gender, sole parent family status and poor family functioning. Of young people with a major depressive disorder, 19.7% reported making a suicide attempt within the previous 12 months. There are also significant elevations in the proportions of young people reporting suicidal behaviour who have anxiety and conduct disorders.

Conclusion:

Mental disorders should be a leading intervention point for suicide prevention both in the primary health sector and in the mental health sector specifically. The associations examined here also suggest that efforts to assist sole parent and/or dysfunctional families would be worthy areas in which to target these efforts.
The Role of Health-Related Community Investing As a Strategy to Promote Active Living
Authors: Aytur Semra , Marquis Timothy , Bors Philip , Katz Julia , Bell Richard
Published: January 2016

The National Prevention Strategy recognizes active living as a priority area for reducing the burden of chronic disease and emphasizes safe and healthy community environments as a key strategic direction to improve population health. New financial incentives created by legislation such as the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, complemented by recent private sector interest in health-related community investing, provide an unprecedented opportunity to support healthy behaviors while improving areas where we live, learn, work, and play. In this article, we qualitatively explore health-related community investing strategies that can be leveraged to implement active living strategies to promote healthy behavior. We provide a synthesis of case examples illustrating innovative cross-sector partnerships and discuss promising new initiatives to align resources. We found that although such partnerships are increasing nationwide, targeted support for cross-sector engagement is needed to strategically align investments, replicate and scale efforts, and maximize collective impact.
Evaluation of curing residual stresses in three-phase thin composite laminates considering micro-scale effects
Authors: Safarabadi M
Published: January 2016

Generally, in thin laminates, residual stresses are studied in two scales; micro mechanics and macro-mechanics. So far, no study has included both the micro- and macro-scale analysis for predicting the thermal residual stresses of composite laminates. In other words, no literature model is proper for both the micro and macro scale at the same time. This paper presents a procedure to integrate micro and macro thermal residual stresses in composite laminates. The combination of micromechanics-based analytical results and hole-drilling calibration factors leads to predict the macro thermal residual stresses of a unidirectional laminate. Classical lamination theory (CLT) is then employed to predict macroscopic thermal residual stress of each layer in laminated composites (with different orientations). Comparison of longitudinal, transverse and in-plane shear stresses between the proposed approach and published experimental results is made for glass/epoxy laminates in cross-ply and quasi-isotropic configurations. Available experimental data from incremental hole-drilling method show that the present combination procedure yields more precise residual stresses predictions in comparison with the state that the CLT is used only. In other words, the presented procedure which adds the micro residual scale results to the CLT, gives rise to a better prediction of residual stress fields. Consequently, ignoring the micro-mechanical effects may result in some uncertainties in thermal residual stress evaluation of thin composite laminates. Furthermore, while the CLT is not able to take into account the in-plane shear residual stresses for the cross-ply composites, the present procedure can provide an estimation of shear residual stress field.
Effect of geometric parameters on the behavior of bolted GFRP pultruded plates
Authors: Tajeuna Thérèse AD , Légeron Frédéric , Langlois Sébastien , Labossière Pierre , Demers Marc
Published: January 2016

This paper presents the effect of geometric parameters on the behavior of bolted glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) pultruded plates for civil engineering applications. After a literature review, results of an experimental analysis investigating the behavior of GFRP-to-steel single-lap bolted connections are presented. Then, a finite element analysis validated by experimental data is used to evaluate the effects of the end-distance, side-distance, pitch, and plate properties on the strength and failure mode of the connection. A critical examination of geometric recommendations proposed in design references is presented. Bearing failure caused by contact of the bolt on the GFRP plate is usually defined as the preferred failure mode. With highly orthotropic plate, this type of failure was found to be less likely to occur when loading is applied in the pultruded direction. The investigation showed that the minimum end-distance and pitch-distance recommended by design references usually produce a connection with the maximum capacity. However, it was found that the minimum side-distance recommended by these references does not necessarily lead to the maximum capacity for one bolt and for two bolt in a column connections.
Eye Movements and Articulations During a Letter Naming Speed Task
Authors: Al Dahhan Noor Z. , Kirby John R. , Brien Donald C. , Munoz Douglas P.
Published: January 2016

Naming speed (NS) refers to how quickly and accurately participants name a set of familiar stimuli (e.g., letters). NS is an established predictor of reading ability, but controversy remains over why it is related to reading. We used three techniques (stimulus manipulations to emphasize phonological and/or visual aspects, decomposition of NS times into pause and articulation components, and analysis of eye movements during task performance) with three groups of participants (children with dyslexia, ages 9–10; chronological-age [CA] controls, ages 9–10; reading-level [RL] controls, ages 6–7) to examine NS and the NS–reading relationship. Results indicated (a) for all groups, increasing visual similarity of the letters decreased letter naming efficiency and increased naming errors, saccades, regressions (rapid eye movements back to letters already fixated), pause times, and fixation durations; (b) children with dyslexia performed like RL controls and were less efficient, had longer articulation times, pause times, fixation durations, and made more errors and regressions than CA controls; and (c) pause time and fixation duration were the most powerful predictors of reading. We conclude that NS is related to reading via fixation durations and pause times: Longer fixation durations and pause times reflect the greater amount of time needed to acquire visual/orthographic information from stimuli and prepare the correct response.
Perceived Close Relationships With Parents, Teachers, and Peers
Authors: Al-Yagon Michal
Published: January 2016

This study examined the role of adolescents’ perceived close relationships with significant others (attachment relationships with mothers/fathers, appraisal of homeroom teacher as secure base, and quality of peer friendship) in explaining differences in their socioemotional and behavioral functioning (peer-network/peer-dyadic loneliness, positive/negative affect, and externalizing/internalizing problems), among adolescents with learning disabilities (LD), with comorbid LD and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), or with typical development (TD). Participants were 280 adolescents in Grades 10 through 11 in three groups: LD ( n = 90), comorbid LD and ADHD ( n = 91), and TD ( n = 98). Preliminary analyses yielded significant group differences on most socioemotional and behavioral measures. Structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis indicated high fit between the theoretical model and empirical findings and partially different patterns of relationships among the model’s components for the three populations. The discussion focuses on the possible unique value of close relationships with each significant attachment figure for adolescents with LD, comorbid LD–ADHD, and TD.
Performing music, performing faith
Authors: Crockford James
Published: January 2016

This paper aims to draw a parallel between music and theology as performance activities, through an examination of the role of ‘text’ in each discipline, and of their inherent commitments to improvisation. By drawing upon the ways in which musicology has begun self-consciously to turn its attention towards the task of performance, this paper explores the ways in which Christian faith, and its scholarship, should afford a self-conscious turn towards its own performance.
Humanism, religious education and the former Archbishop of Canterbury
Authors: Barnes L. Philip
Published: January 2016

The aim of this article is to consider and assess the recent call by a number of prominent churchmen and religious leaders, including the former Archbishop, Lord Williams, for a study of Humanism to be incorporated into religious education, as recommended by the 2013 non-statutory Curriculum Framework for Religious Education. The signatories appeal to the concept of fairness and advocate the inclusion of Humanism on this basis. While misgivings about framing their advocacy of Humanism in terms of justice are expressed, an attempt is made, drawing on John Rawls’s conception of justice as fairness, to construct as positive an argument as possible within the terms of their appeal. It is concluded that the principles of justice enunciated by Rawls fail to make a case for the inclusion of Humanism in the religious education curriculum.
Social Capital and Collective Action in Rural Tourism
Authors: Hwang Doohyun , Stewart William P.
Published: January 2016

This study extends social capital to specific types of personal relationships that encourage residents’ collective action for rural tourism development. Two communities in South Korea were examined using face-to-face interviews with community leaders, and a structured questionnaire with residents. Five hypotheses that frame tourism development as a coordinated effort of social networks were identified. Findings indicate that the quality of one’s social networks are relevant to the propensity to participate in tourism development. The closer one’s relationship to a community leader of tourism development, the more likely they are to be part of community-based efforts for tourism development. In addition, compared to individualized personal ties among residents, already existing social organizations were critical to enhance collective action of residents. An implication for increased participation in tourism development is for community leaders to reach out and learn from residents who are isolated or less central within community leadership networks.
Social Structural Influences on Healthy Aging: Community-Level Socioeconomic Conditions and Survival Probability of Becoming a Centenarian for Those Aged 65 to 69 in South Korea
Authors: Kim Jong In , Kim Gukbin
Published: January 2016

This study estimated the associations between community-level socioeconomic conditions and survival probability of becoming a centenarian (SPBC) for those aged 65 to 69 in South Korea to determine the social structural influences on healthy aging. The indicators of socioeconomic and data of centenarians were obtained from Statistics Korea database 2014: population census and social survey. Significant positive correlations were found between SPBC and community-level socioeconomic conditions (minimum cost of living and economically active population, water supply and sewerage, pave a road with asphalt, and urbanization). SPBC male and female predictors had higher economic level and base facilities ( R2 = 0.578, p < .001). The study provides evidence that community-level socioeconomic conditions are important correlates of SPBC for those aged 65 to 69 in South Korea. These strategies should include social structural influences on successful aging in the overall socioeconomic conditions.
The Globalization of Popular Music, 1960-2010: A Multilevel Analysis of Music Flows
Authors: Verboord Marc , Brandellero Amanda
Published: January 2016

This study offers a cross-national multilayered analysis of music flows between 1960 and 2010. Advancing on previous empirical studies of cultural globalization, it attends to the global and country level, while adding the individual level of music flows. Concretely, the authors analyze the international composition of pop charts in nine countries by (a) mapping trends, (b) comparing countries, and (c) conducting multivariate analyses. The results show that pop charts increasingly contain foreign music, with the exception of the United States. Explanatory analyses of foreign success confirm that limited cultural distance results in greater flow as found in film and television studies, while revealing additional positive impacts of centrality of production (e.g., artists from more “central” countries in music production are more likely to chart abroad) and the “star power” of artists. Both the innovative methodological approach and findings of this article offer promising research avenues for globalization, media industry, and celebrity studies.
A Meta-Analytic Review of Correctional Interventions for Women Offenders
Authors: Gobeil Renée , Blanchette Kelley , Stewart Lynn
Published: January 2016

Using meta-analytic approaches, we examined whether interventions for women offenders are effective in reducing recidivism, as well as whether gender-informed and gender-neutral interventions differ in their effectiveness. Across 38 effect sizes reflecting 37 studies and nearly 22,000 women offenders, women who participated in correctional interventions had 22% to 35% greater odds of community success than non-participants. In other words, correctional interventions for women are at least as effective as the published rates for men. Across all 38 effect sizes, gender-informed and gender-neutral interventions were equally effective; however, when analyses were limited to 18 effect sizes associated with studies of higher methodological quality, gender-informed interventions were significantly more likely to be associated with reductions in recidivism. These findings support recent research indicating that women and girls are more likely to respond well to gender-informed approaches if their backgrounds and pathways to offending are associated with gendered issues.
Stability of a class of nonlinear fractional order impulsive switched systems
Authors: Chen Guopei , Yang Ying
Published: January 2016

This paper considers the asymptotic stability of a class of nonlinear fractional order impulsive switched systems by extending the result of existing work. First, a criterion is given to verify the stability of systems by using the Mittag–Leffler function and fractional order multiple Lyapunov functions. Second, by combining the methods of minimum dwell time with fractional order multiple Lyapunov functions, another sufficient condition for the stability of systems is given. Third, by using a periodic switching technique, a switching signal is designed to ensure the asymptotic stability of a system with both stable and unstable subsystems. Finally, two numerical examples are provided to illustrate the theoretical results.
An optimal integral sliding mode control strategy based on a pseudospectral method for a class of affine systems
Authors: Liu Rongjie , Li Shihua
Published: January 2016

This paper presents an optimal integral sliding mode control method based on a pseudospectral method for a class of affine systems with state and control constraints. First, a general form of an integral sliding mode is presented. Integral sliding mode control cannot deal with the problem of states and control constraints, nor can it satisfy the minimization of the cost function. The pseudospectral method has a high convergence speed and performs well in solving optimal control problems with general performance index, endpoint conditions and path constraints. In consideration of these advantages, an optimal integral sliding mode controller is determined by the pseudospectral method. Then, the stability analysis of optimal pseudospectral sliding mode method is discussed. Finally, numerical simulations show the effectiveness of the proposed method. An application example, consisting of an overhead crane system, is investigated to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed technique.