bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CICLO DE CONVERSACIONES ANTROPOLOGÍAS DEL SUR: FRESIA SALINAS
Authors: Contreras Paula , Espinoza Claudio , Campos Luis
Published: December 2020

En esta cuarta entrevista del ciclo de conversaciones Antropologías del Sur, cuyo fin es revisar y pensar formas no hegemónicas de la disciplina, se presenta la trayectoria académica e intelectual de Fresia Salinas (Temuco, 1948), quien tiene una destacada trayectoria en la antropología chilena. Estudia en sus inicios Pedagogía en Castellana para luego estudiar antropología en la Universidad Católica de Temuco, siendo parte de la primera generación de antropólogas y antropólogos de esa casa de estudios. Fresia nos comparte su visión de lo que fue estudiar antropología en los años setenta bajo el régimen dictatorial, y la importancia que tiene el trabajo de campo y la etnografía desde los inicios de su trayectoria en el quehacer antropológico. La entrevistada nos relata cómo desde sus inicios en la antropología se ha especializado en el campo de la metodología, incorporando esos conocimientos al desarrollo de los estudios urbanos. Destaca, entre sus diversas actividades, su rol en el desarrollo de la carrera de Antropología en la Universidad Bolivariana, donde profundiza en la etnografía colaborativa a partir de su trabajo realizado en el Barrio Yungay.  En su relato nos muestra no solo su trayectoria en la antropología, sino también distintos hitos de la antropología chilena, invitándonos a cuestionar y reflexionar sobre el presente de la disciplina y a pensar y crear nuevos caminos para el futuro.
La antropología chilena en Rapa Nui: una retrospectiva
Authors: Muñoz Diego , Seelenfreund Andrea , Fajreldin Valentina
Published: December 2020

El presente ensayo analiza el desarrollo de la antropología –y en particular la antropología social chilena– en Rapa Nui y el lugar que ocupa la isla en la disciplina, al determinar sus características y aportes en la comunidad local. El estudio aborda tres dimensiones: 1) un análisis histórico de los paradigmas y las transformaciones teóricas en los estudios sobre Rapa Nui, 2) un abordaje de los estudios desde la institucionalización de la disciplina y 3) un análisis de las relaciones entre los investigadores y los informantes en la producción antropológica y sus repercusiones en la apropiación de los saberes por la comunidad isleña.
EL PAPEL DE LA INTELIGENCIA EMOCIONAL EN EL AFRONTAMIENTO RESILIENTE Y LA SATISFACCIÓN CON LA VIDA EN DOCENTES
Authors: Rodríguez-Donaire Alba , Luna Pablo , Pena Mario , Cejudo Manuel Javier
Published: December 2020

El presente estudio tuvo como finalidad analizar la relación existente entre inteligencia emocional rasgo, afrontamiento resiliente y satisfacción con la vida en una muestra de docentes. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 195 docentes, siendo el 68% profesoras, con edades comprendidas entre los 25 y los 65 años (M = 47.84; DT = 9.61). El diseño del estudio fue de carácter descriptivo y correlacional. Los instrumentos de evaluación han sido: para evaluar la inteligencia emocional rasgo el cuestionario Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire–Short Form (TEIQue-SF), para evaluar el afrontamiento resiliente la escala Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS) y para evaluar la satisfacción con la vida la escala Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS). Los resultados muestran que IE rasgo presenta una relación positiva con afrontamiento resiliente y satisfacción con la vida. Además, no existen diferencias significativas en función del género en ninguna de las variables. Por último, los resultados evidenciaron la influencia de la inteligencia emocional rasgo en afrontamiento resiliente y satisfacción con la vida en docentes.
DELITOS SEXUALES CONTRA MENORES: ESPECIAL REFERENCIA A AGRESIONES Y ABUSOS SEXUALES
Authors: García Fernández Mª Auxiliadora
Published: December 2020

Este trabajo pretende hacer un estudio sobre los delitos sexuales relativos a menores, en concreto, abusos y agresiones sexuales, dada la alarma social que en la actualidad provocan estos casos. Para ello, partimos, como no puede ser de otra manera, de su evolución histórico-legislativa, concretando la libertad sexual y la indemnidad sexual como bien jurídico protegido objeto de debate doctrinal y jurisprudencial, definiendo y conceptuando los distintos tipos recogidos en nuestro Código Penal y haciendo, por último, un análisis de las reformas que se pretenden de lege ferenda. What do you want to do ?New mailCopy
Comparison of Regression, Support Vector Regression (SVR), and SVR-Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for Rainfall Forecasting
Authors: Yulianto Fendy , Mahmudy Wayan Firdaus , Soebroto Arief Andy
Published: December 2020

Rainfall is one of the factors that influence climate change in an area and is very difficult to predict, while rainfall information is very important for the community. Forecasting can be done using existing historical data with the help of mathematical computing in modeling. The Support Vector Regression (SVR) method is one method that can be used to predict non-linear rainfall data using a regression function. In calculations using the regression function, choosing the right SVR parameters is needed to produce forecasting with high accuracy. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method is one method that can be used to optimize the parameters of the existing SVR method, so that it will produce SVR parameter values with high accuracy. Forecasting with rainfall data in Poncokusumo region using SVR-PSO has a performance evaluation value that refers to the value of Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). There are several Kernels that will be used in predicting rainfall using Regression, SVR, and SVR-PSO with Linear Kernels, Gaussian RBF Kernels, ANOVA RBF Kernels. The results of the performance evaluation values obtained by referring to the RMSE value for Regression is 56,098, SVR is 88,426, SVR-PSO method with Linear Kernel is 7.998, SVR-PSO method with Gaussian RBF Kernel is 27.172, and SVR-PSO method with ANOVA RBF Kernel is 2.193. Based on research that has been done, ANOVA RBF Kernel is a good Kernel on the SVR-PSO method for use in rainfall forecasting, because it has the best forecasting accuracy with the smallest RMSE value.
Complicações da revascularização do miocárdio em pacientes com diabetes mellitus
Authors: Mota Thalia do Nascimento , Soares Gabriel Porto , Gomes Anamaria de Araújo , Vieira Gabriela Gomes , Campos Leo Nogueira , Gomes Mariana de Araújo , Santos Natany Ezequiel , Ferreira Pauline Christina Campos Martins , Lopes Thayná Valentim
Published: December 2020

Este artigo buscou elucidar a relação entre a ocorrência de complicações peri e pós operatórias da cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio em pacientes portadores de diabetes mellitus (DM). A DM é uma doença de importância mundial, capaz de causar importantes danos ao sistema cardiovascular, aumentando significativamente o risco e a gravidade da doença aterosclerótica.  Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura que avalia o prognóstico de pacientes portadores dessa doença crônica submetidos a diferentes métodos cirúrgicos de revascularização miocárdica, associado a outros fatores de risco. Os resultados apontam que pacientes com DM possuem maior risco de pior evolução após a cirurgia, entretanto, esse é um grupo heterogêneo de pacientes, e outras condições como esquema de tratamento hipoglicemiante, etnia, sexo, idade e história clínica, também contribuem para o desfecho. Conclui-se que a abordagem da doença arterial coronariana em portadores de DM depende de uma abordagem individualizada do paciente e de suas comorbidades.
Information processing of river water level dynamics during monitoring of geotechnical system stability
Authors:   Vladimir State University named after A. G. and N. G. Stoletovs, Dorofeev N. V. , Pankina E. S. ,   Vladimir State University named after A. G. and N. G. Stoletovs, Grecheneva A. V. ,   Vladimir State University named after A. G. and N. G. Stoletovs, Romanov R. V. ,   Vladimir State University named after A. G. and N. G. Stoletovs
Published: December 2020

Introduction. During the operation of urban and rural geotechnical systems, the mechanical indicators of the stability of the soil base are significantly influenced by the regime and dynamics of the physicochemical properties of nearby water bodies, caused by the development of karst-suffusion processes. The results of information analysis of data on the dynamics of the river runoff level and water salinity make it possible to increase the accuracy of predictive estimates of the loss of stability of the geotechnical system due to the development of karst-suffusion processes. Goals and objectives. The aim of the work is to improve the safety of operation of geotechnical systems and increase the efficiency of modeling and forecasting systems for geodynamics by developing an algorithm for assessing changes in the risk of developing suffusion processes based on an analysis of the dynamics of the level of groundwater and surface waters. Methods. The paper analyzes the data on the number of karst sinkholes depending on the dynamics of the river water level, obtained on the basis of statistical sources and reports on regime observations, as well as a result of field research. In the course of data processing, a spline interpolation method was used, an algorithm and a neural network for predicting a failure using the Bayesian regularization method based on a network training function was developed, which updates the weight and bias of the value in accordance with the Levenberg-Marquardt optimization. Results and its discussion. Based on the results of practical use, the effectiveness of the developed algorithm was confirmed in identifying the dynamics of the formation of dips during information processing of data on changes in the water level in the Oka River and data on the appearance of new dips in the period from 2012 to 2019. Conclusion. The results obtained in the work make it possible to judge the presence of the expediency of using the developed algorithm for assessing the occurrence of karst sinkholes when monitoring the stability of geotechnical systems and assessing the safety of their operation in general. Prospects for further work are associated with expanding the set of training data and adapting the structure of the neural network to the individual characteristics of the territories by introducing additional geological, hydrological and climatic parameters into the processing. Key words: geotechnical system, stability, karst sinkhole, bifurcation parameters, information processing of data.
Review of classification studies for machine learning in the development of intelligent management decision support systems
Authors:   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Kadiev Sh. K. , Khabibulin R. Sh. ,   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Godlevskiy P. P. ,   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Semikov V. L. ,   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia
Published: December 2020

Introduction. An overview of research in the field of classification as a method of machine learning is given. Articles containing mathematical models and algorithms for classification were selected. The use of classification in intelligent management decision support systems in various subject areas is also relevant. Goal and objectives. The purpose of the study is to analyze papers on the classification as a machine learning method. To achieve the objective, it is necessary to solve the following tasks: 1) to identify the most used classification methods in machine learning; 2) to highlight the advantages and disadvantages of each of the selected methods; 3) to analyze the possibility of using classification methods in intelligent systems to support management decisions to solve issues of forecasting, prevention and elimination of emergencies. Methods. To obtain the results, general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge were used - analysis, synthesis, generalization, as well as the classification method. Results and discussion thereof. According to the results of the analysis, studies with a mathematical formulation and the availability of software developments were identified. The issues of classification in the implementation of machine learning in the development of intelligent decision support systems are considered. Conclusion. The analysis revealed that enough algorithms were used to perform the classification while sorting the acquired knowledge within the subject area. The implementation of an accurate classification is one of the fundamental problems in the development of management decision support systems, including for fire and emergency prevention and response. Timely and effective decision by officials of operational shifts for the disaster management is also relevant. Key words: decision support, analysis, classification, machine learning, algorithm, mathematical models.
Modeling the reliability of decision-making in the management structure of fire and rescue units in large fires
Authors:   Ivanovo Fire and Rescue Academy of the State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Maslov A. V. , Surovegin A. V. ,   Ivanovo Fire and Rescue Academy of the State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Tarakanov D. V. ,   Ivanovo Fire and Rescue Academy of the State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Bakanov M. O. ,   Ivanovo Fire and Rescue Academy of the State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia
Published: December 2020

Introduction. The specifics of extinguishing fires in buildings and open spaces on the territory of the Russian Federation determines that a fire that has taken on a scale that allows it to be attributed to a large one is extinguished with the help of the forces and means of several fire and rescue units. In this case, a developed structure of the control system is created in order to improve the quality of management of a large number of fire and rescue units of different subordination. Goals and objectives. The purpose of the study is to analyze the structure of the control system created at large fires requiring the a significant number of fire and rescue units. To achieve the goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks: 1) to identify the dependence of the dynamics of reliability of decision making on the experience of the operational work of fire and rescue garrison officials who perform the duties of the fire extinguishing driver.; 2) to determine the stage of accumulation of operational experience at which information, methodological and analytical support will bring maximum effect to potential fire extinguishing managers. Methods. To build the dependence of work experience and the probability of error when directing forces and means on fires, the Hala training model was used. Results and its discussion. An increase in the growth rate of decision reliability in a potential fire extinguishing supervisor is observed at the interval of operational work from 0 to 4 years, after which the growth rate decreases. Conclusions. In the characteristic dependence of the reliability of decision making on the experience of the operational work of the official performing the duties of the fire extinguishing manager, at the stage of exponential growth, the maximum effect of the positive change in the operational work experience on increasing the values of the reliability of decision making occurs. Key words: fire extinguishing, control structure, decision-making reliability.
Models and algorithms for automated search and rescue management support
Authors:   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Topolsky N. G. , Mokshantsev A. V. ,   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Meshalkin E. A. ,   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Ovsyanik A. I. ,   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Simakov V. V. ,   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Kafidov V. V. ,   The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Thanh Do Hoang ,   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia
Published: December 2020

Introduction. The efficiency of search and rescue operations (PSR) due to the elimination of emergencies and fires indicates the need to create a structure for an automated control system (ACS) for technological decision-making processes at natural and industrial sites in Vietnam based on a software and hardware complex (PAC) for conducting the PSR in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV). The relevance of the research is due to the need to implement modern models and algorithms for automating the management support of the PSR and the development of automated control systems for technological processes of management decision-making at natural and industrial sites in Vietnam based on the PAC management system. Goals and objectives. The aim of the work is to reduce the response time of search and rescue units using models and algorithms to support the management of search and rescue operations using an automated control system for natural objects and industrial facilities in Vietnam based on a software and hardware complex. The practicality of the work is that the use of the recommended mathematical models, algorithms and the development of an automated system for the management of technological decision-making processes in natural and industrial sites in Vietnam, based on the software and hardware set for search and rescue operations reduce the time spent in the process. Methods. Systems analysis, statistical analysis, mathematical statistics, etc., are used to solve the problems of the study. Results and discussion thereof. The results are represented by the developed models and algorithms for supporting the management of the PSR using automated control systems at natural and industrial sites in Vietnam based on the PAC for the PSR. Conclusions. The functional structure of the automated control system for technological processes of management decision-making at natural and industrial sites in Vietnam based on a software and hardware complex for search and rescue operations, which allows you to visualize the location of victims in open areas in conditions of smoke, fog, rain. Key words: models, algorithms, automation, control support, search and rescue.
Threshold square model of the dependence of radiation effects on radiation dose
Authors:   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Zavorotnyy A. G.
Published: December 2020

Introduction. Operation of radiation hazardous facilities is a reality of the modern world, and the future of the world economy is impossible without the development of nuclear and radiation technologies. At the same time, the widespread use of atomic energy puts forward an important and responsible task of ensuring the safety of the population and the environment in conditions of an increased risk of exposure to ionizing radiation and radioactive substances. In accordance with clause 3.2.1 of the "Radiation Safety Standards NRB-99/2009", the planned increased exposure of persons involved in emergency rescue operations related to the elimination of the consequences of radiation accidents is allowed for men, as a rule, over 30 years old only with their voluntary written consent, after informing about possible radiation doses and health risks. Increased exposure refers to exposure in excess of the basic dose limits under controlled (normal) operating conditions of radiation sources. Goals and objectives. The aim of the study is to increase the functionality of emergency services and fire and rescue subdivisions to perform tasks as intended in the elimination of radiation accidents. The tasks include the construction and substantiation of a model that allows converting the risks of deterministic effects into stochastic effects risks. Methods. When calculating the probability of output of stochastic and deterministic effects depending on the radiation dose and developing a threshold quadratic model, the least squares method and the probabilistic-statistical method were used. Results and discussion. The article shows that a linear non-threshold model of the interaction of radiation with matter greatly overestimates the risk of a stochastic effect emerging at doses of radiation. For example, this overestimation is 8,13 at a dose of D = 0,2 Sv/year. In this regard, a threshold quadratic model has been developed and proposed to be replaced by a threshold quadratic model, which makes it possible to increase the planned irradiation of personnel of emergency services and fire and rescue units during the elimination of radiation accidents in an effective dose from 0,2 Sv to 0,57 Sv, moreover, the probability of emergence of stochastic effects P2 = 0,0084 remains the same for both models. Conclusions. An increase in the maximum permissible dose of radiation for personnel of emergency services and fire and rescue units from 0,2 Sv/year to 0,5 Sv/year will make it possible to increase the functionality of the emergency services and fire and rescue units to perform tasks as intended by 2,5 times when elimination of radiation accidents. For example, the scope of rescue operations may be increased from 100 %, performed at a dose of D = 0,2 Sv/year, to 250 %, performed at a dose of D = 0,5 Sv/year. Key words: emergency services, fire and rescue units, radiation accidents, irradiation, linear no-threshold model, threshold quadratic model.
Risk assessment models with functionally different influences on natural and technical systems
Authors:   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Minaev V. A. , Topolsky N. G. ,   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Faddeev A. O. ,   Academy of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, Stepanov R. O. ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Grachev D. S. ,   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia
Published: December 2020

Introduction. The complex combination of natural and technogenic factors that lead to dangerous threats to the health and life of the population, as well as to material values, creates a need to develop special mathematical models for risk assessment in the relevant territories. Herewith it is important to take into account the significant differences between these factors. The new areas of research are models that describe natural and technogenic risks using differential equations that reflect different types of functions. The article presents the development of this research area. Goals and objectives. The goal of the article is to create a model for risk assessment in natural and technical systems (PTS), based on taking into account the influences of different natural and technogenic factors on them. Objectives include justification, construction and practical implementation of the mathematical model of risk assessment in the form of differential equations system. Methods include interpretation of the considered influences on PTS in terms of risks and assessment of the dynamic interaction of natural and technogenic factors in the form of inhomogeneous differential equations. Results and discussion. Solutions for models of assessing complex natural and technogenic risks in relation to two cases that differ in NTS are found: functionally different external natural and technogenic influences on PTS, which are understood as their type, in which the effects of both natural and technogenic factors are described by different mathematical functions. Conclusions. The first model considers parabolic (reflecting threats whose intensity gradually decreases with distance from the epicenter) and linear types of influences (reflecting sudden threats). The second model considers parabolic and hyperbolic (reflecting threats, the intensity of which decreases sharply over time) types of influences. It is concluded that it is necessary to create a special computer album of complex influences on the PTS in order to prevent "replay" of various situations and develop the most effective response to emerging dangers from the EMERCOM units and other structures. Key words: model, assessment, natural and technogenic risks, functionally different influences, counteraction, EMERCOM units.
Assessment of classification and development scenarios of aviation accidents
Authors:   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Sednev V. А.
Published: December 2020

Introduction. The most dangerous emergency situation at the airport is an aviation accident with human victims – a plane crash. It can occur on the territory of the airport, in its vicinity, as a result of takeoff or landing of an aircraft. About 80 % of accidents occur at the stages of takeoff, altitude, and approach. A complex situation can develop as a result of mixed types of emergency situations, such as: a collision of several aircrafts while moving along the runway, a collision in the air; a collision of an aircraft with an object of the airport infrastructure or fuel-filling complex. Due to large amount of aviation fuel in the wings of aircraft during destruction and shock loads, a fire, for example, begins outside the aircraft, but spreads inside after 1-2 minutes. Survival of people after 5 minutes of being in these conditions is unlikely. The impact factors associated with the destruction of the object of the collision are added to the damage to the aircraft. The airport emergency rescue forces are not enough to save people in these conditions. Therefore, on the basis of the study of the characteristics and consequences of aviation events and the tasks of emergency and rescue units, scenarios of the development of the situation in emergency situations and other factors influencing the organization of rescue operations have been established. The purpose of the study is to improve the efficiency of planning, organizing and conducting emergency rescue operations at the airport by identifying and eliminating negative factors that affect their organization, as well as shortcomings in the management system of forces and means when responding to emergency events on the territory of the airport. Research methods. General scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge were used To obtain the results – analysis, synthesis, generalization, which were based on the general principles of systems theory, operations research, information theory. The results of the study. Scenarios for the development of the situation in emergency situations at the airport, features of the organization of emergency and fire protection of the airport, shortcomings in the system of management of forces and means in response to emergency events are established; the initial data that are the basis for improving measures to protect people and objects of the airport complex are substantiated. Conclusion. Taking into account the provisions considered will allow managers to effectively solve problems of saving peoples’ lives and protecting objects on the territory of the airport. The obtained conclusions are the basis for the development of a methodology for justifying the forces and means to perform emergency rescue operations in an emergency situation at the airport. Key words: airport, emergency, aviation event, consequences, tasks of rescue units, organization, management.
Safety management of tourist services based on insurance risk assessment
Authors:   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Butuzov S. Yu. , Kryuchkov A. V. ,   Russian State University of Oil and Gas (National Research University) named after I. M. Gubkin, Tyutikova E. B. ,   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia
Published: December 2020

Introduction. Employees of Emercom of Russia often participate in extreme tourism during their vacations, which helps to maintain their professional physical fitness. They are also attracted to help tourist groups that find themselves in a difficult situation in nature in a particular destination. Participation in extreme tourism is associated with the risk of injury. A general approach to the assessment of the impact of the management of the safety of tourist services in the instances associated with extreme tourism on insurance risks is presented. The purpose of the article is to create models for assessing the risks of extreme recreation. To do this, it is necessary to analyze the routes of extreme recreation in destinations from a mathematical point of view, and, based on this, to propose a number of management measures related, among other things, to insurance. Research methods are based on the use of the theory of discrete mathematics in the construction of a weighted graph describing the risks on the routes of tourists. The model allows us to quantify the risks on individual routes and, therefore, to build a target criterion for supporting the management of the safety of services in extreme tourism in a particular destination. Results and discussion. Building a graph of the route of a tourist group allows you to identify the least dangerous routes of tourist groups. This approach allows insurance companies to solve the problem of calculating the optimal and adequate amount of payments in the event of an insured event, as well as to reduce uncertainty in the actions of rescue units of Emercom of Russia. Conclusions. The methods of managing the safety of providing tourist services presented in the article reduce the probability of an insured event. Key words: insurance risk assessment, management of tourist services, tourist safety, security methods.
Is gingival biotype a critical determinant of secondary stability of orthodontic mini-implants – A prospective clinical study using resonance frequency analysis
Authors: Pradhan Sayali Prashant , Nambiar Supriya , Shetty Shravan , Shetty Siddarth , Jose Nidhin Philip
Published: December 2020

Objectives:

The objectives of the study were to determine the association of gingival biotype and secondary stability of orthodontic mini-implants using resonance frequency analysis.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty patients, each receiving two mini-implants, were divided into two groups; thick and thin gingival biotype based on the thickness of gingiva before mini-implant placement. Implant stability was assessed at the time of placement; at the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th month by resonance frequency analysis. Peri-implant soft-tissue conditions were also examined at each month till 4 months interval using periodontal indices.

Results:

Thick and thin gingival biotype groups showed statistically different implant stability quotient (ISQ). Mini-implants showing signs of failure consistently displayed lesser ISQ. Statistically significant difference was observed in the scores of peri-implant indices of failure and no failure group of mini-implants.

Conclusion:

Mini-implants in thin gingival biotype are more susceptible to failure and peri-implantitis compared to thick gingival biotype. Longitudinal assessment of mini-implant stability may help predict failure so as to avoid long duration and cost of orthodontic treatment.
Biodegradation of orthodontic composites by Streptococcus mutans: An in vitro qualitative and quantitative assessment
Authors: Bationo Raoul , Beugré-Kouassi Monique Lydie Ahia , Jordana Fabienne , Beugré Jean-Bertin
Published: December 2020

Objectives:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the degradation products of orthodontic composites (Grengloo, Blugloo, Transbond XT, and Transbond LR) by Streptococcus mutans and then to quantify the levels of released bisphenol A (BPA) using gas-phase chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC–MS).

Materials and Methods:

Orthodontic light-cured composite discs were incubated at 37°C in brain heart infusion (BHI) (control group) and in a culture of S. mutans with BHI (test group). Incubation solutions were collected every 48 h in each group and replaced with fresh solutions. These incubation solutions were accumulated and grouped. The assessment of degradation products from composites was done at 1 and 30 days. Detected BPA was then quantified. The limit of quantification was 0.01 μg/mL.

Results:

Degradation products were present at day 30. For the test group, BPA was detected in Blugloo at day 1 (0.38 μg/mL) and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) was detected in Grengloo and Transbond LR at day 1.

Conclusion:

S. mutans can hydrolyze long-term orthodontic composites. Monomers such as BPA and TEGDMA may be present in degradation products. It is possible to separate and identify leaching compounds by GC–MS technique.
Interspecies transmission of coronaviruses and immunization: An Indian perspective
Authors: Rao Vishal , Kannan Swetha , Arakeri Gururaj , Subhash Anand , Batra H. V. , Kumar Jitendra , Gulia Ashish
Published: December 2020

The milder form of infection and higher rates of recovery witnessed among COVID-19 patients in India is indicative of the potential intervention of other “unconventional” biological mechanisms. The recently established similarity between beta-coronavirus strains in animals and humans led us to hypothesize that previous contact with infected dogs or cattle could shield humans from the circulating SARS-CoV-2 virus. We further believe that our hypothesis, if confirmed by further studies, could be used as a potential vaccine strategy.
Evaluation of Lens culinaris phytochemicals in binding to the 3C-like protease of SARS-CoV-2 – A molecular docking approach
Authors: Hasan Anamul , Jahan Rownak , Jannat Khoshnur , Bondhon Tohmina Afroze , Hossan Md Shahadat , Mazumder Snehali , Fatima Ayesha , Pereira Maria de Lourdes , Wiart Christophe , Nissapatorn Veeranoot , Rahmatullah Mohammed
Published: December 2020

The novel coronavirus known as SARS-CoV-2 and the virus-induced disease COVID-19 has caused widespread concerns due to its contagiousness, fatality rate, and the absence of drug(s). This study investigated Lens culinaris and its phytochemicals, especially the flavonoids. The compounds were assessed through molecular docking studies for their binding abilities with the major protease of the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 (PDB: 6LU7). A total of 42 phytochemicals of Lens culinaris were analyzed through molecular docking studies for their binding affinities to COVID 3C-like protease. Of them, 23 compounds were found to have binding affinities to the protease of −7.5 kcal/mol or higher. Our study indicates that Lens culinaris contains a number of polyphenolic compounds as well as phytosterols, which can bind to the active site of the protease, and so merits further scientific attention on trials for use as potential anti-COVID-19 drugs.
Four-phase safety checklist for health care providers in COVID-19 hospitals: A practical tool for survival!
Authors: Kapoor Dheeraj , Singh Manpreet , Sharma Manju , Kumar Vijay
Published: December 2020

Pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has generated immense viral exposure risk among frontline health care providers (HCPs), especially due to aerosol-generating events and procedures. This further increased the risk of serious mental health disorders amongst them. Hitherto, there is lack of any specific safety protocol specially during the pre- and post-exposure period for HCPs, who provide direct clinical care to patients suffering from COVID-19. We propose a four-phase checklist approach, which may help them in mental preparedness as well as organizing themselves prior and following virus exposure in clinical postings and may enhance the safety standards. The checklist comprises simple steps and may work as a documented track record of precautionary and preventive measures which must be followed by HCWs working in dedicated COVID-19 hospitals.
Why Harmonize the Guidelines for Infant and Young Child Feeding: Book Review
Authors: Kent George
Published: December 2020

A recent book from the United States’ National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine was prepared “to collect, compare, and summarize existing recommendations on what and how to feed infants and young children from birth to 24 months of age” This review explores what its purpose might be.
REVALORIZANDO A PSICOMOTRICIDADE NO PROCESSO DE DESENVOLVIMENTO DA ESCRITA
Authors: Aranda Eduardo Henrique , Reina Fábio Tadeu , Monteiro Dirce Charara
Published: December 2020

A tarefa de alfabetizar ainda é um desafio para a sociedade contemporânea e a busca por práticas efetivas de letramento tem sido frequente entre todos os responsáveis por esse nível inicial do Ensino Fundamental. As pesquisas construtivistas têm contribuído consideravelmente para a compreensão do processo de aquisição de leitura e escrita da criança, mas é necessário observar que a adoção incondicional dessa perspectiva deixou de lado a importância das atividades desenvolvidas na pré-escola e que foram consideradas preparatórias no período de alfabetização. Este artigo tem como objetivo romper com esse pensamento unilateral segundo o qual, no processo de alfabetização, apenas a cognição é uma condição básica, desconsiderando a perspectiva de uma prática que inclui habilidades psicomotoras como elemento importante nesse processo.
Cerebral arteriovenous malformations: features of the functioning of the blood circulation system after endovascular treatment with long-term monitoring
Authors: Chebanyuk S.V. , Svyrydyuk O.E. , Sydorenko O.F. , Mamonova M.Yu.
Published: December 2020

Objective ‒ to determine the features of the functioning of the circulatory system in patients with arteriovenous malformations (AVM) of the brain after endovascular operations with long-term observation.Materials and methods. 479 patients with cerebral AVM were examined and treated, of which 377 (78.7 %) were men and 102 (21.3 %) were women. The average age of patients was (27.5±3.5) years. Patients aged 18‒30 years predominated (75.4 %). A dynamic observation of 347 patients after endovascular treatment after 3, 6, 12 and 24 months and more was carried out. Patients underwent cerebral angiography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, single-photon emission computed tomography, echocardiography, Doppler cardiography, electrocardiography, duplex scanning of cerebral vessels.Results. The study shows the effect of arteriovenous shunting on cerebral and systemic hemodynamics in general. Switching off AVM from the cerebral blood flow improved cerebral hemodynamics already in the early postoperative period, the changes were more significant after 3‒6 months of observation and in some cases reached values ​​in healthy individuals 2 years after the operation. In 52.8 % of patients with AVM, systemic circulation disorders occurred due to an increase in heart rate, minute and stroke blood volumes, left ventricular ejection fraction with an increase in mechanical load on the heart, which led to changes in systolic contraction and diastolic relaxation of the left ventricle of the heart with the development of heart failure. Switching off the AVM from the cerebral blood flow did not cause significant changes in heart functions in the early postoperative period; positive changes occurred over a long period. Dynamic observation showed a positive restructuring of the functioning of the circulatory system in patients after endovascular exclusion of the malformation.Conclusions. Arteriovenous malformations are hemodynamically active systems that lead to hemodynamic-perfusion changes, both at the local and at the general hemodynamic level. The exclusion of the malformation from the bloodstream contributes to the regression of disorders of cerebral and intracardiac blood flow caused by the anatomical and functional characteristics of the malformation itself and its clinical course.
Quality problems and preventive measures for municipal road and bridge construction
Authors: Chen Yanlong
Published: December 2020

In the process of construction of municipal roads and bridges, it is especially important for the construction of waterproof roadbed. If the leakage of waterproof foundation surface will inevitably lead to the impact of the quality of roads and bridges, not only the economic and social benefits of the enterprise be lost but also threaten the safety of pedestrians' lives and property. Therefore, this paper analyzes the influencing factors in the waterproof roadbed surface of municipal road bridge construction, and proposes corresponding solutions.
The Causes of Floods and Control Measures during the Rainstorm Period in Cities with Flat Terrain
Authors: Shao Jinliang , Shao Leilei
Published: December 2020

In the process of rapid urban expansion, flooding has become a common problem in cities with flat terrain. This is due to the high volume and intensity of rainstorms, which has exceeded the drainage capacity of the existing municipal rainwater channels. Proposal has been made to divide large-area drainage into small-area drainage, disperse the discharge and add a self-controlled drainage pump to solve the problem of internal defects of the old city. At the same time, the new urban area will establish different rainstorm return periods according to the level of the road, build large underground storage tanks and rainwater pumping stations, and combine the newly proposed sponge city construction theory and deep water storage technology to retain and use part of the rainwater. At the same time, the siltation of dredged rivers and lakes will be increased and regional flood scientific dispatch during heavy rains will be implemented to improve the city's ability to resist heavy rains.
Suggestions on Environmental Protection and Governance of Mines in China
Authors: Zhang Lihe
Published: December 2020

With the rapid development of the current economy, the demand for mineral resources is increasing. While further promoting the development of the mining industry, it has also caused great damage to the mining environment and seriously threatening social security. Mine environmental protection and governance has become an important measure that cannot be delayed. This paper analyzes the problems existing in the current mine environment, and further puts forward relevant suggestions on mine environmental protection and management for your reference.
Numerical Simulation and Reinforcing Technology Research on Collapse of Weak Interlayer Shaft
Authors: Lu Youzhong
Published: December 2020

The three-level shaft of the mixed pit shaft of Yixin Mine, built in 1983, failed continuously due to the influence of geological structure and the effect of water, which formed a collapsed space with a length of 18m,a depth of 12m,and a height of 12m at the level of -255m and to the southwest end. The 54m pit shaft below the -258m elevation of the pit shaft was filled with collapsed rocks forming a large loose body. The comprehensive processing plan for falling grouting and anchoring was proposed according to the geological conditions of the vertical shaft of the mixed pit shaft, adopting three-dimensional numerical simulation software as well as calculating the mechanical state of the vertical pit shaft surrounding rocks and using 3 to 5 parameters of Williams-Warnke failure criterion.
Engineering Epistemologies
Authors: Pitt Joseph C.
Published: December 2020

The basic point made here is there is no such thing as engineering knowledge simpliciter. What engineers need to know depends on what subfield of engineering they are working in? There is, however, a commonality among the various subdisciplines of engineering; it is a method revolving around the use of feedback loops. I argue that the use of feedback loops is common to all forms of human reasoning and it is the hallmark of rationality.
Structural reinforcement of damaged houses after the earthquake
Authors: Yi Bosong
Published: December 2020

This article briefly expounds the specific classification of post-earthquake damaged house structures and the importance and significance of strengthening the post-earthquake damaged houses, and then studies how different post-earthquake structures are reinforced and listed several reinforcement methods.
Analysis of Key Issues in Design Codes for Long-Span Highway Bridges
Authors: Wan Meng
Published: December 2020

In recent years, with the continuous expansion of China's infrastructure construction, related construction work, including highway and bridge construction, has been steadily progressing. Among them, bridges are an important component of infrastructure construction, and their safety and stability are related to the travel of the masses and even the safety of their lives. China has a strict management system for bridge design specifications. This article mainly takes long-span highway bridges as an example to study the key issues of its design specifications and proposes countermeasures for related work.
Testing multisensory stimuli to drive thermal comfort and space perception using VR/AR: a design strategy to achieve energy saving
Authors: Tagliabue Lavinia Chiara
Published: December 2020

Energy consumption of the EU has a crucial environmental impact; several efforts are nowadays thus directed into massively reducing energy consumption by envelope improvement, system efficiency and smart control. On the other hand, the indoor thermal and lighting conditions significantly influence users' wellbeing and productivity, which is especially important when dealing with educational and working facilities. Strategies to enhance system efficiency are focused on design and construction aspects. These strategies ease to promote a powerful approach which is needed when focusing on existing buildings in need of retrofit measures. When dealing with new or refurbished buildings, energy saving has a further step to achieve. In the last years, research trends moved towards an increasing inclusion of human factors in energy evaluation. This allows to account for the occupancy variability in the energy analyses, considering how to bridge the performance gap between predictive models and actual consumptions due to indoor thermal settings. In empty buildings energy consumption is huge and economic efforts are wasted, due to unconscious energy-wasting behaviors. Previous studies with Interactive Virtual Environments confirmed that indoor environments illuminated by different color lights lead to the perception of different levels of thermal comfort. The results of the present paper replicate previous evidence collected in real conditions, suggesting that Virtual Reality is a valid and reliable tool to assess thermal comfort more quickly and cheaply. This paper provides a further perspective on this topic, including also the use of different fragrances to understand how the indoor environment could be enhanced and manipulated to increase wellbeing, thermal perception and finally energy saving.
A Critical Regionalism in the Golf Architecture: Masdar’s ‘Eco-city Project’
Authors: Abuorf Hazem , Wafi Suliman
Published: December 2020

This article investigates how architecture design of the present adopts the values of the past and echoes Kenneth Frampton’s critical regionalism to address this question. For Frampton, architecture design is regionally influenced because it essentially deals with “specificity and locality”, however, remains sceptic to “universal technology”. Masdar City’s design represents a valuable case for this article due to this case casting light on the complexity embedded in intertwining the modernist technologies and the regional architecture. The case study’s analyses suggest that the design of the present evolves from this complexity witnessing a deviation from a “universal technology” and a local architecture. Interpretation for this deviation in Masdar City’s design points to the vernacular architecture that stitches the “globe” and the “local”. A universal technology has been witnessed in Masdar City’s design to yield support for the vernacular approaches while a local architecture holds on the vernacular’s concepts of the traditional architecture. What Frampton’s critical regionalism appears to overlook are the vernacular approaches that in analysis of this article embrace a model of the design principles for the “tectonics” to be realised. The key argument brought forward in this article concerns Frampton’s critical regionalism that yet lacks a realistic approach to produce a sense within a local context, thereby needing to neatly twist the vernacular approaches with its critical regionalism’s synthesis.