bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spokespeople in public health: Important characteristics from the perspective of Australian public health professionals
Authors: Buckley Lisa , Morphett Kylie , Rychetnik Lucie , Land Mary‐Anne , Cullerton Katherine
Published: August 2023

Background

Spokespeople play a significant role in communicating public health information yet there is little research understanding the characteristics of those who provide such messaging.

Methods

One hundred and four health professionals (70% female) recruited through professional association mailing lists in Australia completed a brief online quantitative and qualitative survey.

Results

Participants reported characteristics they believed to be important for spokespeople, those that they believed their organisation considered important, and those they thought engendered public trust. Knowledge of public health issues, public speaking skills, and willingness to speak on behalf of the organisation were identified as important characteristics (by at least 70%). Qualitative results showed some participants distinguished between perceived, as well as actual, expertise, and described the potential for public health university programs to include public speaking and communication skills. Participants also identified an individual's role in the organisation was considered important in their organisation's selection of a spokesperson, particularly in relation to seniority and leadership.

Conclusions

The study provides an initial description and priority considerations from health professionals about key characteristics of effective spokespeople. Findings suggest possible avenues for training and support for spokespeople and the need for further research regarding the characteristics of who are effective spokespeople.

So What?

Findings suggest possible avenues for training and support for spokespeople and the need for further research regarding the characteristics of who are effective spokespeople.
Development of the integrated fish endocrine disruptor test—Part B: Implementation of thyroid-related endpoints
Authors: Gölz Lisa , Pannetier Pauline , Fagundes Teresa , Knörr Susanne , Behnstedt Laura , Coordes Sara , Matthiessen Peter , Morthorst Jane , Vergauwen Lucia , Knapen Dries , Holbech Henrik , Braunbeck Thomas , Baumann Lisa
Published: August 2023

Given the vital role of thyroid hormones (THs) in vertebrate development, it is essential to identify chemicals that interfere with the TH system. Whereas, among nonmammalian laboratory animals, fish are the most frequently utilized test species in endocrine disruptor research, for example, in guidelines for the detection of effects on the sex hormone system, there is no test guideline (TG) using fish as models for thyroid-related effects; rather, amphibians are used. Therefore, the objective of the present project was to integrate thyroid-related endpoints for fish into a test protocol combining OECD TGs 229 (Fish Short-Term Reproduction Assay) and 234 (Fish Sexual Development Test). The resulting integrated Fish Endocrine Disruption Test (iFEDT) was designed as a comprehensive approach to covering sexual differentiation, early development, and reproduction and to identifying disruption not only of the sexual and/or reproductive system but also the TH system. Two 85-day exposure tests were performed using different well-studied endocrine disruptors: 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2). Whereas the companion Part A of this study presents the findings on effects by PTU and EE2 on endpoints established in existing TGs, the present Part B discusses effects on novel thyroid-related endpoints such as TH levels, thyroid follicle histopathology, and eye development. 6-Propyl-2-thiouracil induced a massive proliferation of thyroid follicles in any life stage, and histopathological changes in the eyes proved to be highly sensitive for TH system disruption especially in younger life stages. For measurement of THs, further methodological development is required. 17-α-Ethinylestradiol demonstrated not only the well-known disruption of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis, but also induced effects on thyroid follicles in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to higher EE2 concentrations, suggesting crosstalk between endocrine axes. The novel iFEDT has thus proven capable of simultaneously capturing endocrine disruption of both the steroid and thyroid endocrine systems. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:830–845. © 2023 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
Effect of re‐cryopreservation on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes: Analysis using propensity score matching
Authors: He Tingting , Xue Xia , Shi Juanzi
Published: August 2023

Objective

To comprehensively assess the effect of re‐cryopreservation procedure on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes by using propensity matching (PSM) analysis.

Methods

The patients were divided into two groups according to the times of embryo cryopreservation: the cryopreservation group (n = 8034) and the re‐cryopreservation group (n = 66). To optimize the precision of the present study, we used PSM to adjust the different baseline characteristics between the two groups, including maternal age, the number of good‐quality embryos transferred and endometrial preparation protocols. The primary outcome was live‐birth rate. The secondary outcomes were biochemical pregnancy rate, clinical pregnancy rate, and miscarriage rate.

Results

We found that the rates of biochemical pregnancy and clinical pregnancy were comparable between the two groups, whereas miscarriage rate was increased, resulting in significantly reduced live‐birth rate in the re‐cryopreservation group. No differences were observed in terms of neonatal outcomes, including cesarean section, birth weight, and malformation as well as pregnancy complications. Moreover, multivariable analysis demonstrated that re‐cryopreservation was an independent risk factor for live‐birth rate.

Conclusion

The present study demonstrated the adverse effect of re‐cryopreservation on pregnancy outcomes, providing valuable information for clinical decision making and patient counseling.
A multicenter study of the relationship between the compulsory time spent at home and sexual functioning
Authors: Topcu Elif Goknur , Okumus Zihniye Gonca , Terzioglu Merve
Published: August 2023

Objective

To investigate how sexual life is affected by the increase in the amount of time spent at home due to the restrictions of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, and the relationships among depression, anxiety, amount of stress, and sexuality.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study was conducted in two cities, Istanbul (metropolitan city) and Rize (city in a rural area). All data were collected face to face in the gynecology outpatient clinics from patients who came in for benign gynecologic reasons or a check‐up. The questionnaire comprised a sociodemographic form, the Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX) Scale, and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale.

Results

A total of 459 participants took part in the study. Around half of the participants were living in an urban area. There was a statistically significant increase in weekly sexual intercourse frequency for both groups. Sexual desire and arousal scores were significantly higher in the rural groups. There was a significant decrease in sexual pleasure within urban groups. Depression, anxiety, and stress scores were significantly higher in urban groups. There was no statistically significant difference in ASEX total scores between groups.

Conclusions

This study suggests that even though the rate of COVID‐19 and restrictions did not differ between the compared areas, the lockdown may have had a greater effect on the sexual pleasure of women in urban areas.
Impaired skeletal muscle health in Parkinsonian syndromes: clinical implications, mechanisms and potential treatments
Authors: Murphy Kate T. , Lynch Gordon S.
Published: August 2023

There is increasing evidence that neurodegenerative disorders including the Parkinsonian syndromes are associated with impaired skeletal muscle health, manifesting as wasting and weakness. Many of the movement problems, lack of muscle strength and reduction in quality of life that are characteristic of these syndromes can be attributed to impairments in skeletal muscle health, but this concept has been grossly understudied and represents an important area of unmet clinical need. This review describes the changes in skeletal muscle health in idiopathic Parkinson's disease and in two atypical Parkinsonian syndromes, the most aggressive synucleinopathy multiple system atrophy, and the tauopathy progressive supranuclear palsy. The pathogenesis of the skeletal muscle changes is described, including the contribution of impairments to the central and peripheral nervous system and intrinsic alterations. Pharmacological interventions targeting the underlying molecular mechanisms with therapeutic potential to improve skeletal muscle health in affected patients are also discussed. Although little is known about the mechanisms underlying these conditions, current evidence implicates multiple pathways and processes, highlighting the likely need for combination therapies to protect muscle health and emphasizing the merit of personalized interventions for patients with different physical capacities at different stages of their disease. As muscle fatigue is often experienced by patients prior to diagnosis, the identification and measurement of this symptom and related biomarkers to identify early signs of disease require careful interrogation, especially for multiple system atrophy and progressive supranuclear palsy where diagnosis is often made several years after onset of symptoms and only confirmed post‐mortem. We propose a multidisciplinary approach for early diagnosis and implementation of personalized interventions to preserve muscle health and improve quality of life for patients with typical and atypical Parkinsonian syndromes.
A qualitative study of LGBTQIA+ genetic counselors' experiences while applying to graduate school
Authors: O'Sullivan Lauren , Zayhowski Kimberly , Hoffman Eileen , Carmichael Nikkola
Published: August 2023

Research has shown that lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, asexual and other sexual and gender minority (LGBTQIA+) healthcare students experience discrimination during admissions and training. While several studies have examined the experiences of racial and ethnic minorities within the genetic counseling field, the admissions experiences of LGBTQIA+ individuals have not been explored. Through semi‐structured interviews, this qualitative study investigated the experiences of ten LGBTQIA+ genetic counselors and genetic counseling students during graduate school admissions. Interview questions focused on participants' perceptions of the genetic counseling field prior to applying, important factors in choosing and ranking programs, decisions surrounding disclosure of LGBTQIA+ identities, interview experiences related to their identities, and the impacts, if any, of their identities on their overall admissions journey. Transcripts were coded and analyzed utilizing a constructivist grounded theory approach, resulting in the emergence of themes regarding factors that influenced participants' decisions to disclose their identity and how their LGBTQIA+ identity factored into their selection of a training program. This study adds new perspectives to the conversations around diversity, equity, and inclusion within the genetic counseling field. Further, it provides genetic counselors and genetic counseling programs insight into inclusive admissions processes and suggests ways to improve inclusivity in graduate admissions.
The creation and climatology of a large independent rainfall event database for Great Britain
Authors: Herrera Roberto Villalobos , Blenkinsop Stephen , Guerreiro Selma B. , Fowler Hayley J.
Published: August 2023

Extreme rainfall studies generally focus on hourly or daily rainfall accumulations. Additionally, studies focus on annual maxima (AM) or ‘peak intensities’. Although this approach is useful, the use of fixed‐duration accumulations simplifies inherently continuous rainfall processes which, at a rain gauge, are experienced as rainstorms of varying duration. A gap also exists in the study of sub‐hourly rainfall extremes which are an important source of flash floods. Here, we present the first large‐scale study of rainstorms in the United Kingdom. We leverage a recently created sub‐hourly resolution rain gauge dataset for Great Britain to identify over 70,000 rainstorms that generated AM rainfall intensities across a range of sub‐hourly to daily durations at 1279 rain gauges up to 2018. Our findings are consistent with previous studies of UK rainfall extremes and their climatology, where strong east–west differences are found in the magnitude of autumn and winter long‐duration (over 12‐h) rainstorms. We observe broad similarities in the behaviour of short (under 4‐h) rainstorms across GB, which are dominated by seasonal variations in convective activity rather than by geographical location. Our study reveals substantial overlaps between AM of different durations, with single rainstorms containing AM across a wide range of durations. We also demonstrate the substantial correlation between rainstorm duration and volume. These results challenge common independence assumptions used in the statistical modelling of rainfall extremes using extreme value theory. Our results represent an opportunity to refine rainfall design methods towards improved, robust representations of rainstorms.
The effect of resiliency and self‐regulation on immigrants’ job search behavior
Authors: McLarnon Matthew J. W. , Rothstein Mitchell G. , King Gillian A. , Medianu Stelian , Sutter Alina , Kisinger Kelly
Published: August 2023

This research explores the relations between resiliency and its affective, behavioral, and cognitive protective factors and self‐regulatory processes and job search behaviors among recent immigrants. The study uses data from 201 first‐generation immigrants to test whether these self‐regulatory variables incrementally predict job search self‐efficacy, satisfaction, clarity, and intensity over and above the trait‐based protective factors. By going beyond traditional protective factors, we provide a more nuanced understanding of the drivers of immigrants’ job search behaviors. Finally, this research provides an empirical foundation for the development of future training programs aimed at enhancing immigrant resiliency and improving job search outcomes.
Utility of Targeted Positron Emission Tomography Imaging to Predict Schwannoma Growth in a Murine Tumor Model
Authors: Morgan Jake , Manickavel Sudhir , Sorace Anna , Hartman Yolanda , Eli Abbigael , Massicano Adriana , Gonzalez Manuel Lora , Warram Jason M. , Walsh Erika
Published: August 2023

Objective

To identify if targeted positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with radiolabeled antibodies can predict tumor growth rate and ultimate tumor size in a murine flank schwannoma model.

Study Design

Animal research study.

Methods

Rat schwannoma cells were cultured and implanted into 40 athymic nude mice. Once tumors reached 5 mm in diameter, 30 mice were injected with zirconium‐89 labeled antibodies (HER2/Neu, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), or IgG isotype). PET/CT was performed, and standardized uptake values (SUV) were recorded. Tumors were serially measured until mice were sacrificed per IACUC protocol. Statistical analysis was performed to measure correlations between SUV values, tumor size, and growth.

Results

Mean tumor sizes in mm3 on Day 0 were 144 ± 162 for anti‐HER2/Neu, 212 ± 247 for anti‐VEGFR2, and 172 ± 204 for IgG isotype groups respectively. Mean growth rates in mm3/day were 531 ± 250 for HER2, 584 ± 188 for VEGFR2, and 416 ± 163 for the IgG isotype group. For both initial tumor size and growth rates, there was no significant difference between groups. There were significant correlations between maximum tumor volume and both the SUV max in the HER2 group (p = 0.0218, R2 = 0.5020), and we observed significant correlations between growth rate, and SUV values (p = 0.0156, R2 = 0.5394). Respectively, in the anti‐VEGFR2 group, there were no significant correlations.

Conclusion

In a murine schwannoma model, immunotargeted PET imaging with anti‐HER2/Neu antibodies predicted tumor growth rate and final tumor size. Laryngoscope, 134:1372–1380, 2024
Oxidized Xanthan Gum Crosslinked NOCC: Hydrogel System and Their Biological Stability from Oxidation Levels of the Polymer
Authors: Quan Vo Minh , Do Dat‐Quoc , Luong Tin Dai , Tang Tuan‐Ngan , Vu Binh Thanh , Le Hien‐Phuong , Vo Phuc H. , Dang Nhi Ngoc‐Thao , Tran Quyen Ngoc , Trinh Nhu‐Thuy , Nguyen Thi‐Hiep
Published: August 2023

Dynamic hydrogel systems from N,O‐carboxymethyl chitosan (NOCC) are investigated in the past years, which has facilitated their widespread use in many biomedical engineering applications. However, the influence of the polymer's oxidation levels on the hydrogel biological properties is not fully investigated. In this study, chitosan is converted into NOCC and introduced to react spontaneously with oxidized xanthan gum (OXG) to form several injectable hydrogels with controlled degradability. Different oxidation levels of xanthan gum, as well as NOCC/OXG volume ratios, are trialed. The infrared spectroscopy spectra verify chemical modification on OXG and successful crosslinking. With increasing oxidation levels, more dialdehyde groups are introduced into the OXG, resulting in changes in physical properties including gelation, swelling, and self‐healing efficiency. Under different volume ratios, the hydrogel shows a stable structure and rigidity with higher mechanical properties, and a slower degradation rate. The shear‐thinning and self‐healing properties of the hydrogels are confirmed. In vitro assays with L929 cells show the biocompatibility of all formulations although the use of a high amount of OXG15 and OXG25 limited the cell proliferation capacity. Findings in this study suggested a suitable amount of OXG at different oxidation levels in NOCC hydrogel systems for tissue engineering applications.
Improving Photovoltaic Performance of All‐Polymer Solar Cells by Adding an Amorphous B←N Embedded Polymer as the Third Component
Authors: Tan Xueyan , Jian Junyang , Zheng Xueqiong , Zhao Jinying , Huang Jianhua
Published: August 2023

Currently, most of the disclosed ternary strategies to improve photovoltaic performance of all‐polymer solar cells (all‐PSCs) commonly focus on the guest polymers having similar structures with the host polymer donors or acceptors. Herein, this work develops a distinctive ternary method that adding an amorphous B←N embedded polymer named BN‐Cl‐2fT to a crystallized host polymer blend of PM6 (a commercialized polymer donor) and PY‐TT (a copolymer of Y6 and thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene). Although the structures between BN‐Cl‐2fT and PM6 and PY‐TT are completely different, excellent miscibility is found between BN‐Cl‐2fT and both of the host PM6 and PY‐TT, which can be interpreted by the crowded phenyl groups anchoring along the backbone of BN‐Cl‐2fT, leading to weak self‐aggregation. Glazing incidence wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (GIWAXS) measurements explicitly confirm the crystallization of PM6 and PY‐TT and amorphous feature of BN‐Cl‐2fT. Furthermore, adding 10 wt% BN‐Cl‐2fT to PM6:PY‐TT can significantly enhance the crystallization of the host polymers. Thus the ternary devices based on PM6:PY‐TT:BN‐Cl‐2fT afford promote short‐circuit current density (JSC, 23.29 vs. 21.80 mA cm−2), fill factor (FF, 62.4% vs. 60.0%), and power conversion efficiency (PCE, 13.70% vs. 12.23%) in contrast to these parameters of binary devices based on PM6:PY‐TT. This work provides a unique and enlightening avenue to design high performance all‐PSCs by adding amorphous B←N embedded polymers as guest component to enhance host‐crystallization.
FDA approves first‐ever oral pill for postpartum depression
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: August 2023

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) this month approved Zurzuvae (zuranolone), the first medication to treat postpartum depression (PPD) in adults. The move is considered an important step forward according to experts who treat PPD. Until now, treatment for PPD was only available as an IV injection given by a health care provider in certain health care facilities.
Mathematical modeling and optimal control for COVID‐19 with population behavior
Authors: Al‐arydah Mo'tassem
Published: August 2023

To describe the spread of COVID‐19, we develop a simple susceptible‐vaccinated‐infectious‐recovery (SVIR) model. The transmission rate in this model incorporates the impact of caution and sense of safety on the transmission rate, making it biologically valid. The biological validity of the model is demonstrated by proving that a positive bound solution exists for this model. We find a formula for the basic reproduction function and use it to discuss the local asymptotic stability of the disease‐free equilibrium (DFE). The existence of the endemic equilibrium (EE) is shown to be dependent not only on the basic reproduction number value but also on the level of caution. By fitting the model to COVID‐19 data from several countries, we estimate parameter values with 95% confidence intervals. Sensitivity analysis reveals that the time‐series solution is affected by both the level of caution and the sense of safety, indicating the importance of population behavior in disease spread. We introduce an optimal control problem for vaccination and show that the optimal strategy exists and is unique. Our simulations demonstrate that optimal vaccination is most effective for low sense of safety, leading to fewer infections and lower costs. For high levels of sense of safety, vaccines may have a negative impact, highlighting the importance of combining vaccination efforts with educational initiatives.
Application of the 6S management strategies
Authors: Deng Haiying , Lin Lizhen
Published: August 2023

Aim

To explore the value of the 6S management strategies in COVID‐19 wards.

Design

Nurses from the first Fujian medical team in aiding Hubei Province at Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital (2 February, 2020–24 March, 2020) were recruited and instructed to adopt the 6S management strategies for nursing management.

Methods

The paired‐sample t‐test was performed to compare the nursing quality, core capabilities of nurses, nursing preparation time, and nursing error rates before and after implementation.

Results

After implementation of the 6S management strategies, a total of 93 nurses experienced significant improvements in nursing quality, especially in workplace stress, material preparation, and medication management (p < .001). Adoption of the 6S model for nursing management in COVID‐19 wards effectively improves nursing quality, enhances the core capabilities of nurses, reduces nursing preparation time, and lowers nursing error rates.
Effect of mold on curing deformation of resin transfer molding‐made textile composites
Authors: Zhang Ce , Sun Ying , Xu Jing , Shi Xiaoping , Zhang Guoli
Published: August 2023

In the process of preparing textile composites by resin transfer molding (RTM) method, both the upper and lower surface of the mold will interact with the composite parts due to the mismatch of thermal expansion coefficient between the mold and the part, resulting in warpage deformation. To address this key technical problem, this article first studied the effect of mold on the warpage deformation of composite material under different fiber volume fractions. Then a mold–part interaction modeling method for RTM process with nonthermoelastic deformation is proposed. By introducing shear layers between the upper and lower surfaces of the mold and the composite part, a finite element simulation model for predicting the curing deformation of the component is established and experimentally verified. The results show that the effect of mold–part interaction on the warpage deformation of the composite decreases with increasing fiber volume fraction. Meanwhile, the proposed modeling method can avoid complete material characterization, and the comparison between experimental and simulation results proves that the model can accurately simulate the curing deformation of composite components under the same process conditions. Finally, the analysis reveals that the interaction caused by thermal mismatch between the composites and the mold is less related to the intermediate layup, but mainly related to the fiber orientation of the layup layer in contact with the mold.

Highlights

The warpage deformation law of the mold on the composites with different fiber volume fractions is investigated.

A mold–part interaction modeling method for a resin transfer molding process with nonthermoelastic deformation is proposed, where the mold stretching effect is represented by the cumulative effect of the interaction between the two layers on the upper and lower surfaces of the part.
Preparation and characterization of silk hybridizing carbon fiber/polybutylene succinate composite
Authors: Zou Ting , Ji Ruyi , Li Yuanyuan , Zhang Yan , Wang Ping
Published: August 2023

Carbon fiber‐reinforced composites (CFRPs) offer numerous benefits due to their exceptional strength and modulus, making them extensively utilized in various applications. However, the disadvantage of poor impact resistance also limits their application in some aspects. In this study, silk fabric is used to hybridize CFRPs, and the silk/carbon fiber‐reinforced polybutylene succinate (PBS) composites were fabricated by combining the film stacking technique with the hot‐pressing method. The mechanical, thermal, and thermodynamic properties of the composites were assessed using various techniques, including tensile testing, scanning electron microscope, flexural testing, Charpy impact test, low‐velocity impact test, differential scanning calorimetry, and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, and the optimal preparation process conditions (140°C/15 min) for the composites were obtained. Additionally, the mechanical properties of silk fiber/PBS, carbon fiber/PBS, and hybrid composite materials are comprehensively compared and evaluated. This work indicates that the synergistic toughening of silk and PBS significantly improves the impact resistance of CFRPs, and the impact strength of sample 5 (140°C/15 min) (54.97 kJ/m2) is higher than many reported values for CFRPs.

Highlights

High strength, high modulus carbon fiber, and high toughness silk were rarely combined as reinforcing phases for PBS composites.

A hybrid composite material with a balanced combination of stiffness, strength, and toughness was prepared.

Compared with similar studies, it was found that the hybrid composite prepared by this work exhibited relatively balanced mechanical properties, especially, its impact strength higher than many reported values.
Association between psychotropics use and occurrence of falls in hospitalized patients: A matched case–control study
Authors: Morishita Chihiro , Masuya Jiro , Ishii Yoshitaka , Seki Tomoteru , Deguchi Ayaka , Iwata Yoshio , Tamada Yu , Fujimura Yota , Honyashiki Mina , Harada Kazuharu , Taguri Masataka , Inoue Takeshi
Published: August 2023

Aim

Understanding the appropriate prescription of psychotropics for hospitalized patients in terms of preventing falls is an important issue. The aim of this study was to assess the associations between the occurrence of falls and the use of various individual psychotropics in hospitalized patients.

Methods

A retrospective matched case–control study was conducted on adult patients admitted to every department of Tokyo Medical University Hospital, with the outcome being in‐hospital falls. A total of 447 hospitalized patients who had had in‐hospital falls at some point in their hospitalization between January 2016 and December 2016 were included as cases. A total of 447 hospitalized patients who did not have in‐hospital falls, and were individually matched to the cases by sex, age, and clinical department, were included as controls. All data were extracted from electronic medical records. Conditional logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the association between the exposure to 16 psychotropic medications and the occurrence of in‐hospital falls. The multivariable logistic regression model adjusted sex, age, clinical department, body mass index, fall risk score on the fall risk assessment measure, and use of psychotropic medications.

Results

The multivariable conditional logistic regression model showed a significant association between the use of risperidone (odds ratio [OR] = 3.730; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.229–11.325) and flunitrazepam (OR = 4.120; 95% CI = 1.105–15.364) and an increased OR of falls among hospitalized patients.

Conclusion

The use of risperidone and flunitrazepam were identified as risk factors for falls among hospitalized patients.
Establishment and identification of cardiomyocyte arhGEF18 gene conditional knockout mice
Authors: Wan Kun , Yuan Wenjing , Lv Tiewei
Published: August 2023

Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is a heterogeneous disorder with unclear genetic causes. The arhGEF18 gene is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor related to the Rho pathway and a possible predisposing gene for LVNC. In this study, a mouse model of arhGEF18 gene conditional knockout (cKO) in cardiomyocytes was established using the Cre‐LoxP system to provide an animal model for the genetic study of LVNC. ArhGEF18 cKO mice were obtained by crossing arhGEF18f/+/myh6‐Cre+ and arhGEF18f/f mice. The mRNA and protein expression levels of arhGEF18 in different tissues were verified. The myocardial cytoskeleton and polar protein expression, the survival rate, cardiac function, and cardiac histology of model mice were determined. ArhGEF18 cKO mice were successfully established. ArhGEF18 was confirmed to be specifically knocked out in the myocardial tissue of arhGEF18f/f/myh6‐Cre+ mice at the mRNA and protein levels, and the knockout rate was approximately 75%. The relative expression levels of cytoskeleton and cell polarity proteins such as α/β‐tubulin, Scribble, Crb2, and PAR3 in the cKO group were significantly lower than those in the control group (p < 0.05). During monitoring, the survival rate, cardiac systolic function, and myocardial structure of arhGEF18f/f/myh6‐Cre+ mice were not significantly different from those of control mice. A mouse model of cardiomyocyte arhGEF18 gene cKO was successfully established, and it was confirmed that knocking out arhGEF18 changed cytoskeleton and cell polar protein expression levels in the myocardium. However, there was no obvious LVNC phenotype in the constructed arhGEF18 cKO mice.
Kikuchi–Fujimoto disease associated with the central nervous system in children
Authors: Huang Yuyao , Wang Xinpeng , Wang Ling , Wang Juan , Tan Chengbing , Cheng Min , Jiang Yan , Jiang Li
Published: August 2023

The clinical data of patients with Kikuchi–Fujimoto disease (KFD) combined with the involvement of the central system is limited, particularly for children. This study aimed to investigate the clinical features and prognosis of KFD associated with the central nervous system in children. We collected the clinical data of patients diagnosed with KFD combined with the involvement of the central system, hospitalized at Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (CHCMU). Furthermore, we summarized the clinical features and outcomes in children by reviewing the published literature. Together with the two patients from CHMCU enrolled in this study, we identified 19 children diagnosed with KFD combined with the involvement of the central nervous system, including eight males and 11 females. The onset age ranges from 6 to 18 years (the median age was 14 and the interquartile range was 9–16). Sixteen patients were diagnosed with aseptic meningitis. Headache (78.9%, 15/19) was the most common symptom. Cerebrospinal fluid pressure was increased in 3 patients (60.0%, 3/5), cell count was elevated in 14 patients (73.7%, 14/19), glucose was decreased in 4 patients (21.0%, 4/19), and protein was elevated in 12 patients (63.1%, 12/19). A total of 9 patients had cranial imaging changes. Electroencephalogram (EEG) was performed on seven patients and 4 patients presented abnormal EEG (57.1%, 4/7). A total of 12 patients received steroid therapy; two were combined with antiepileptic treatment. In children, KFD complicated with the involvement of the central nervous system was rare and aseptic meningitis was the primary manifestation. Most patients had a good prognosis and a few had residual sequelae of neurological damage.
Transplacental methadone exposure and risk of Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome
Authors: Bhatt‐Mehta Varsha , Jing Xinyue , Wang Xinwen , Zhu Hao‐Jie
Published: August 2023

Study Objective

Neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) is a condition that often occurs in neonates born to mothers who received methadone treatment for opioid use disorder during pregnancy. Early identification and treatment of infants at risk of NOWS may improve clinical outcomes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether maternal and umbilical cord plasma concentrations of methadone and its metabolite, 2‐ethylidene‐1,5‐dimethyl‐3,3‐diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP), could predict the need for NOWS treatment.

Design

Single‐center prospective study.

Setting

University of Michigan Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

Patients

The study included 11 opioid‐dependent mother–infant dyads, where the mothers were treated with methadone at 34 weeks' gestation or later.

Intervention

Maternal and cord blood samples were collected from the study participants.

Measurements and Main Results

Maternal and cord plasma concentrations of methadone and EDDP were determined. Six out of the 11 infants required treatment for NOWS. Maternal methadone plasma concentrations were comparable between infants requiring and not requiring NOWS treatment (329.1 ± 229.7 ng/mL vs. 413.2 ± 329.8 ng/mL). However, the average cord plasma methadone concentration in infants who did not require NOWS treatment was 2.9‐fold higher than in those who required the treatment (120.0 ± 88.6 ng/mL vs. 40.9 ± 24.4 ng/mL), although the difference was not statistically significant. The ratios of maternal‐to‐cord methadone plasma concentrations were significantly higher in patients who required treatment for NOWS compared with those who did not (7.7 ± 1.9 vs. 3.5 ± 1.6, p = 0.003). Maternal and cord plasma EDDP concentrations and the maternal‐to‐cord plasma EDDP concentration ratios did not differ between patients who required and did not require treatment for NOWS.

Conclusions

The results suggest that methadone permeability across the blood–placental barrier may affect in utero exposure to methadone, and the maternal‐to‐cord methadone plasma concentration ratio could be a potential biomarker for predicting the need for NOWS treatment.
Noninvasive brain stimulation for spasticity rehabilitation in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Alashram Anas R. , Janada Qusai , Ghrear Tamara
Published: August 2023

Objective

To investigate the effects of noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) on spasticity in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS).

Literature Survey

We searched PubMed, SCOPUS, MEDLINE, REHABDATA, PEDro, CINAHL, AMED, and Web of Science until December 2022.

Methodology

Studies were selected if they included PwMS, used transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) or repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) as a main intervention, and were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) including at least one outcome measure evaluating spasticity. Two researchers individually screened the selected studies. The study's quality was assessed using the Cochrane Collaborations tool. The researchers decided that the meta‐analysis was not possible because the treatment interventions varied among the selected studies.

Synthesis

In total, 147 studies were reviewed. Of them, nine studies met the eligibility criteria and included 193 PwMS (mean age = 43.2 years), 54.4% of whom were female. Eight studies were considered “high” quality and one was considered “moderate” quality. Seven studies that used rTMS demonstrated a significant decrease in spasticity in PwMS after the intervention. The remaining studies that provided tDCS did not show meaningful effects.

Conclusions

The evidence for the influences of rTMS on spasticity in PwMS is promising. The evidence for the impact of tDCS on spasticity in PwMS was limited. Further RCTs with long‐term follow‐ups are encouraged.
Patient‐reported outcomes during telehealth versus in‐person follow‐up visits for patients treated with extracorporeal shockwave therapy
Authors: Vu Kevin , Rhim Hye Chang , McCormack Molly , Fee Jonathan , Gureck Ashley , DeLuca Stephanie , Robinson David M. , Tenforde Adam S.
Published: August 2023

Background

The limited research describing clinical outcomes using telehealth for management of musculoskeletal conditions is primarily within orthopedic surgery care.

Objective

To characterize differences in patient reported outcomes using telehealth compared with in‐person follow‐up visits in patients with Achilles tendinopathy (AT) or plantar fasciitis (PF) treated using extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT).

Design

Retrospective chart review.

Setting

Outpatient sports medicine clinic.

Patients

82 patients with AT and 46 patients with PF.

Interventions

In‐person (n = 76) and telehealth (n = 52) follow‐up visits.

Main Outcome Measurements

Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment‐Achilles (VISA‐A) for AT and Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) for PF as well as billing level.

Results

There was significant improvement from baseline to final VISA‐A (p < .01) and FAAM (p < .01) following ESWT. No significant difference existed in the proportion of patients who met the minimal clinically important difference based on in‐person (71.1%) versus telehealth (71.2%) follow‐up (p = .99). The in‐person group demonstrated higher billing levels compared to the telehealth group (Level: 3.5 ± 0.6 vs. 2.8 ± 0.7, p < .01).

Conclusions

Given no significant differences in outcomes between two modes of follow‐ups, telehealth may serve as an alternative method to guide management of musculoskeletal injuries with ESWT and other procedures.
Engineering the catalytic activity of an Antarctic PET‐degrading enzyme by loop exchange
Authors: Blázquez‐Sánchez Paula , Vargas Jhon A. , Furtado Adriano A. , Griñen Aransa , Leonardo Diego A. , Sculaccio Susana A. , Pereira Humberto D'Muniz , Sonnendecker Christian , Zimmermann Wolfgang , Díez Beatriz , Garratt Richard C. , Ramírez‐Sarmiento César A.
Published: August 2023

Several hydrolases have been described to degrade polyethylene terephthalate (PET) at moderate temperatures ranging from 25°C to 40°C. These mesophilic PET hydrolases (PETases) are less efficient in degrading this plastic polymer than their thermophilic homologs and have, therefore, been the subject of many protein engineering campaigns. However, enhancing their enzymatic activity through rational design or directed evolution poses a formidable challenge due to the need for exploring a large number of mutations. Additionally, evaluating the improvements in both activity and stability requires screening numerous variants, either individually or using high‐throughput screening methods. Here, we utilize instead the design of chimeras as a protein engineering strategy to increase the activity and stability of Mors1, an Antarctic PETase active at 25°C. First, we obtained the crystal structure of Mors1 at 1.6 Å resolution, which we used as a scaffold for structure‐ and sequence‐based chimeric design. Then, we designed a Mors1 chimera via loop exchange of a highly divergent active site loop from the thermophilic leaf‐branch compost cutinase (LCC) into the equivalent region in Mors1. After restitution of an active site disulfide bond into this chimera, the enzyme exhibited a shift in optimal temperature for activity to 45°C and an increase in fivefold in PET hydrolysis when compared with wild‐type Mors1 at 25°C. Our results serve as a proof of concept of the utility of chimeric design to further improve the activity and stability of PETases active at moderate temperatures.
External validation of biochemical recurrence definition to predict oncologic outcomes following focal therapy for localized prostate cancer using high intensity focused ultrasound
Authors: Mattlet Aurore , Limani Ksenija , Alexandre Peltier , Hawaux Eric , Abou Zahr Rawad , Aoun Fouad , Diamand Romain
Published: August 2023

Purpose

This is an external validation of several biochemical recurrence definitions based on prostate specific antigen criteria (PSA). The purpose is to predict the need of additional treatment and failure after focal therapy using high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) for localized prostate cancer (PCa).

Materials and Methods

A total of 343 consecutive patients who underwent HIFU with Ablatherm® and Focal One® devices between June 2001 and November 2020 were identified. Treatment failure was defined as clinically significant PCa on postoperative biopsy, the need for salvage radical or systematic treatment, metastasis, or PCa‐related death. The biochemical recurrence definitions tested were PSA nadir, time to PSA nadir, percentage of PSA reduction, Huber et al. criteria defined as PSA nadir + 1 ng/mL at 12 months or PSA nadir + 1.5 ng/mL at 24−36 months. Multivariable Cox regression analysis and decision‐curve analysis were used to validate and compare criteria. Kaplan−Meier analysis was used to assess criteria associated with the highest accuracy.

Results

One hundred seventy‐eight patients met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Overall, 61 (34%) and 41 (23%) patients had an additional treatment and failure with a median follow‐up of 52 months. At multivariable analysis, model including Huber et al. criteria exhibited the highest Harrell's C‐index for the prediction of the need of additional treatment (hazard ratio [HR]: 10, p < 0.001, c‐index: 84%) and treatment failure (HR: 9.1, p < 0.001, c‐index: 82%) as well as higher net benefit. The 60‐months need of additional treatment and treatment failure‐free survival were 89% and 98% compared to 26% and 49%, respectively, when stratified according to Huber et al. criteria (Log‐rank test, p < 0.001). Similar results were found after excluding patient with non‐clinically significant PCa at initial biopsy.

Conclusions

We report an external validation of biochemical recurrence definitions predicting the need of additional treatment and failure after focal therapy using HIFU for localized PCa. Huber et al. criteria were identified as the most accurate and could be used to guide clinicians toward further evaluation and salvage treatments.
Gut microbiota crosstalk mechanisms are key in pulmonary hypertension: The involvement of melatonin is instrumental too
Authors: Jacobs Steve , Payne Carmen , Shaboodien Sara , Kgatla Thato , Pretorius Amy , Jumaar Chrisstoffel , Sanni Olakunle , Butrous Ghazwan , Maarman Gerald
Published: August 2023

The microbiota refers to a plethora of microorganisms with a gene pool of approximately three million, which inhabits the human gastrointestinal tract or gut. The latter, not only promotes the transport of nutrients, ions, and fluids from the lumen to the internal environment but is linked with the development of diseases including coronary artery disease, heart failure, and lung diseases. The exact mechanism of how the microbiota achieves crosstalk between itself and distant organs/tissues is not clear, but factors released to other organs may play a role, like inflammatory and genetic factors, and now we highlight melatonin as a novel mediator of the gut‐lung crosstalk. Melatonin is present in high concentrations in the gut and the lung and has recently been linked to the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH). In this comprehensive review of the literature, we suggest that melatonin is an important link between the gut microbiota and the development of PH (where suppressed melatonin‐crosstalk between the gut and lungs could promote the development of PH). More studies are needed to investigate the link between the gut microbiota, melatonin and PH. Studies could also investigate whether microbiota genes play a role in the epigenetic aspects of PH. This is relevant because, for example, dysbiosis (caused by epigenetic factors) could reduce melatonin signaling between the gut and lungs, reduce subcellular melatonin concentrations in the gut/lungs, or reduce melatonin serum levels secondary to epigenetic factors. This area of research is largely unexplored and further studies are warranted.
Effect of rhizobium inoculation on rhizosphere phosphorous dynamics and fertilised phosphorous use efficiency in a maize–pigeon pea intercropping system in weathered tropical soil
Authors: Yamamoto Saki , Okazaki Shin , Monica Nakei D. , Ohkama‐Ohtsu Naoko , Tanaka Haruo , Sugihara Soh
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Low phosphorus (P) use efficiency (PUE) of fertiliser is a critical problem in sustainable crop production, especially in strongly weathered tropical soils with a high P‐fixation capacity. Both intercropping and rhizobium inoculation have shown to improve the P availability of rhizosphere soil, but the effect of a combined approach of using both intercropping and rhizobium inoculation is still unclear. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of rhizobium inoculation on the soil–plant P dynamics and fertilised PUE under the intercropping system in strongly weathered tropical soil.

Materials and Methods

We conducted an 85‐day cultivation pot experiment with pigeon pea (PP) and maize using highly weathered tropical soil under eight treatments: monocropping (CS) or intercropping, with or without rhizobium (Bradyrhizobium elkanii USDA61) inoculation (−I, +I) and with or without P fertilisation (0P, 50P) (2 × 2 × 2 = 8 treatments). We evaluated the effects of intercropping and rhizobium inoculation on plant growth parameters, P dynamics of the rhizosphere and bulk soil using the Hedley P fractionation method, the amount of organic acid from plant roots as a plant P‐mobilising capacity, and fertilised PUE.

Results

Total plant P uptake per pot was significantly increased by intercropping but not by combining intercropping and rhizobium inoculation, resulting in better fertilised PUE only in intercropping. The available inorganic P (Pi) and less labile Pi of the soil were higher in the rhizosphere than those in the bulk by intercropping under 50P and were similar in PP + I under 50 P. The amount of organic acid per pot under 50P increased with each treatment, that is, intercropping and rhizobium inoculation, but not with their combination.

Conclusion

The intercropping system has a strong potential to improve PUE by stimulating the P‐mobilising capacity of intercropping plant roots, whereas rhizobium inoculation of the intercropping system did not improve PUE in this study.