bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new genus of oak gallwasps, Cycloneuroterus Melika & Tang, with the description of five new species from Taiwan (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini)
Authors: TANG CHANG-TI , MELIKA GEORGE , NICHOLLS JAMES A. , YANG MAN-MIAO , STONE GRAHAM N.
Published: March 2019

A new genus of cynipid oak gallwasp, Cycloneuroterus Melika & Tang (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini), containing five new species, C. lilungi, C. longinuxus, C. lirongchiuea, C. fortuitusus and C. formosanus, is described from Taiwan. Diagnostic characters and generic limits of the new genus are discussed in detail and a key to a group of closely related genera which share a suite of diagnostic genus-level characters is given. Descriptions of galls and adults, data on the diagnosis, distribution, host plant associations and biology of the new species, and a key to all five species are given.
Nesting ecology of Megachile (Sayapis) mendozana Cockerell and its synonymy with Megachile (Sayapis) santiaguensis Durante (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)
Authors: TORRETTA JUAN PABLO , DURANTE SILVANA PATRICIA
Published: March 2019

We synonymized M. santiaguensis Durante with M. mendozana Cockerell based on individual siblings of different sex obtained from a trap-nest. Similarity in morphology between individuals of both sexes of M. mendozana, as well as the overlapping distribution, provides further evidence to support this synonymy. Also, we report aspects of nesting ecology and analyze the pollen in cell provisions and/or feces of 11 samples of 4 different trap-nests. Additionally, floral host, associated organisms, and new geographical records are provided.
A new species of Underwoodisaurus (Squamata: Gekkota: Carphodactylidae) from the Pilbara region of Western Australia
Authors: DOUGHTY PAUL , OLIVER PAUL M.
Published: March 2019

Ongoing surveys and systematic work focused on the Pilbara region in Western Australia have revealed the existence of numerous unrecognized species of reptiles. Here we describe Underwoodisaurus seorsus sp. nov., a new species similar to U. milii, but differing in its relatively plain dorsal and head patterns with only sparsely scattered pale tubercles, a much more gracile build, including longer snout, limbs and digits, smaller and more numerous fine scales on the dorsum, and the enlarged tubercles on the tail tending not to form transverse rows. The new species is known from few specimens and has only been encountered at mid elevations in the Hamersley Ranges, widely separated from the closest populations of U. milii in the northern Goldfields and Shark Bay in Western Australia. Given its rarity and small (potentially relictual) distribution this species may be of conservation concern.
Three new species of Austrocarabodes (Oribatida: Carabodidae) and notes on Austrocarabodes pinnatus Mahunka, 1986, from South Africa
Authors: HUGO-COETZEE ELIZABETH A.
Published: March 2019

Three new species of the oribatid mite genus, Austrocarabodes, from South Africa are described, namely A. nortoni sp. nov., A. longisetosus sp. nov. and A. crassimarginatus sp. nov.. A supplementary description is given of A. pinnatus Mahunka, 1986. The known distribution of these species is given and a key to all South African species is presented.
Lateral arm plate morphology in brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea): new perspectives for ophiuroid micropalaeontology and classification
Authors: THUY BEN , STÖH SABINE
Published: March 2019

Lateral arm plates, the spine-bearing plates of the ophiuroid arm skeleton, have long been assumed to display sufficient morphological diversity to be used for species identifications in ophiuroid micropalaeontology. As a consequence, many new brittle-star species have been described on the basis of isolated fossil lateral arm plates. A substantial lack of information on the morphological variability of lateral arm plates in respect of taxon concepts, however, has led to increasing confusion over species limits and excessive extensions of stratigraphic species ranges. In this study, we therefore performed a detailed assessment of the variability of lateral arm plate morphology within and between species in order to test to what extent isolated lateral arm plates can be used for species identifications. To this end, we investigated the morphological variability of lateral arm plates within species according to ontogenetic changes and according to the position of the plates along the arm. Furthermore, we examined the lateral arm plates of 56 Recent species, belonging to 27 genera and 10 families, and systematically assessed their morphology in the light of currently accepted taxon concepts. The results of this study demonstrate that lateral arm plate morphology is in accordance with most family, genus and species limits. Some of the currently accepted taxon concepts, including the affinities between the Ophiacanthidae and Ophiocomidae, however, are challenged by lateral arm plate morphology. Differences in lateral arm plate morphology between taxa are the most conspicuously displayed by adult proximal lateral arm plates, as a consequence of their high degree of differentiation compared to distal or juvenile lateral arm plates. Differences at species level, often pertain to characters which were considered to be within-species variation in previous micropalaeontological works, suggests that species identifications based on isolated fossil lateral arm plates require a much more detailed and careful morphological assessment. Some of the species studied herein displayed indistinguishable lateral arm plate morphologies, but belonged to the same genus in all cases. Our study endorses the use of isolated fossil lateral arm plates for taxonomic interpretations in ophiuroid micropalaeontology, including species identifications and the creation of new taxa, providing that descriptions are based on pristinely preserved adult proximal LAPs, described and illustrated using SEM-pictures of both the external and internal sides of the plate.
Nereididae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from intertidal habitats in the Gulf of Oman, Iran
Authors: YOUSEFI SHETAV , RAHIMIAN HASAN , NABAVI SEID MOHAMMAD BAGHER , GLASBY CHRISTOPHER
Published: March 2019

The species composition and distribution patterns of Nereididae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the north coast of Gulf of Oman were investigated. Specimens were collected from ten intertidal sites along the Iranian coast, including mangrove, muddy, boulder and rocky, coral and sandy-rocky shore habitats. Eight species of Nereididae were identified: Leonnates decipiens Fauvel, Nereis coutieri Gravier, Neanthes deplanata Mohammad, Perinereis nuntia (Savigny), Perinereis heterodonta Gravier, Perinereis cultrifera (Grube), Perinereis horsti Gravier and Pseudonereis trimaculata Horst. The eight species are redescribed and two Perinereis species, P. heterodonta and P. horsti, currently junior synonyms of P. nuntia and P. vancaurica (Ehlers) respectively, are raised from synonymy. All reported species are new records for the Gulf of Oman, bringing the known total number of species in the family to twelve; P. trimaculata is also a new record for the Arabian Sea–Arabian Gulf region. Nereidid diversity within the region is comparable to other Indo-Pacific coastal regions, and higher than other parts of the world.
Distribution of Tetraodontiformes (Family: Tetraodontidae) along the Parangipettai Coast, Southeast coast of India
Authors: VEERURAJ ANGUCHAMY , ARUMUGAM MUTHUVEL , AJITHKUMAR THANGAPPAN , BALASUBRAMANIAN THANGAVEL
Published: March 2019

The present study discusses the distribution and systematic position of puffer fishes from coastal waters of Parangipettai along the southeast coast of India. The puffer fishes collected from three different stations (Mudasal odai, Annankoil and Samiyarpettai) included nine different species from five different genera: Lagocephalus, Arothron, Torquigener, Chelonodon and Takifugu in the order Tetraodontiformes and family Tetraodontidae, viz., Lagocephalus lunaris, Lagocephalus inermis, Arothron reticularis, Arothron hispidus, Arothron stellatus, Arothron immaculatus, Torquigener brevipinnis, Chelonodon patoca and Takifugu oblongus. This study also summarized the distribution and taxonomic positions in terms of species availability and key characters.
Taxonomic status of Anolis baccatus Bocourt 1873 (Reptilia, Squamata, Polychrotidae)
Authors: KÖHLER GUNTHER
Published: March 2019

The examination of the holotype of Anolis baccatus Bocourt 1873 revealed that it is a representative of A. carolinensis Voigt 1832 and, therefore, this name is synonymized with the latter epithet.
Misconceptions about the taxonomy and distribution of Caiman crocodilus chiapasius and C. crocodilus fuscus (Reptilia: Crocodylia: Alligatoridae)
Authors: ESCOBEDO-GALVÁN ARMANDO H. , CUPUL-MAGAÑA FABIO G. , VELASCO JULIÁN A.
Published: March 2019

Four subspecies are currently recognized for the Spectacled Caiman, Caiman crocodilus (Linnaeus 1758): Caiman crocodilus fuscus (Cope 1868: Perosuchus fuscus), described from a single specimen from the Magdalena River, Colombia; C. c. chiapasius (Bocourt 1876: Alligator chiapasius), described from the Tonalá Valley, Chiapas, México; C. c. apaporiensis (Medem 1955) from the upper Apaporis River, Colombia; and, C. c. crocodilus (Linnaeus 1758: Lacerta crocodilus), named for the species originally described (Smith & Smith 1977; Busack & Pandya 2001). Caiman yacare was previously considered to be a fifth subspecies (i.e., C. c. yacare), but it is now generally accepted that it is a full species (King & Burke 1989), and is no longer treated as a subspecies (Velasco & Ayarzagüena 2010). There is some confusion about the current distributions of C. c. chiapasius and C. c. fuscus, and although some works have attempted to clarify this situation (Busack & Pandya 2001), the confusion still remains (i.e., Rueda-Almonacid et al. 2007; Velasco & Ayarzagüena 2010). Here, we present a brief review of the taxonomic status of caiman subspecies, and its implications for their distributions.
Two new species of Satonius Endrödy-Younga from China and notes on the wing polymorphism of S. kurosawai Satô (Coleoptera: Myxophaga: Torridincolidae)
Authors: HÁJEK JIŘÍ , YOSHITOMI HIROYUKI , FIKÁČEK MARTIN , HAYASHI MASAKAZU , JIA FENG-LONG
Published: March 2019

Two new species of Torridincolidae from China, Satonius fui sp. nov. (Hubei) and S. jaechi sp. nov. (Fujian) are described, illustrated and compared with other species of the genus. The polymorphism of metathoracic wings was studied in the Japanese S. kurosawai (Satô, 1982), which macropterous form is presented here for the first time. In addition, new records of S. stysi Hájek & Fikáček, 2008 in China are also briefly mentioned.
New taxa, new synonymies and new host records in the louse genus Halipeurus (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) parasitic on petrels (Aves: Procellariiformes)
Authors: PALMA RICARDO L.
Published: March 2019

I describe and illustrate five new species of chewing lice in the genus Halipeurus, parasitic on petrels from the Pacific and the Atlantic Oceans. They are: Halipeurus confusus n. sp. from Pterodroma nigripennis; H. pricei n. sp. from Pterodroma brevipes and Pt. leucoptera; H. atlanticus n. sp. from Pterodroma cahow and Pt. madeira; H. pelagodromae n. sp. from five subspecies of Pelagodroma marina; and H. vincesmithi n. sp. from Oceanodroma matsudairae. I discuss the morphological similarities of the currently recognised subgenera of Halipeurus and propose to synonymise them—Synnautes Thompson, 1936 and Anamias Timmermann, 1965—under the nominate subgenus. I propose two new synonymies at species level: Halipeurus sawadai Nakagawa, 1959 and Halipeurus angusticeps fosteri Edwards, 1961 both as junior synonyms of Halipeurus angusticeps (Piaget, 1880). Also, I propose to merge H. subclavus Timmermann, 1961 and Halipeurus spadix Timmermann, 1961 as subspecies of H. spadix. I report several new host-louse records for other Halipeurus species, and present additional information and illustrations for H. raphanus Timmermann, 1961, H. fallacis Timmermann, 1960, H. nesofregettae Timmermann, 1961 and H. spadix subclavus Timmermann, 1961 based on their type material and other specimens. Lectotypes of Lipeurus pelagicus Denny, 1842 and Lipeurus languidus Kellogg & Kuwana, 1902 are designated.
Thalassodes and related taxa of emerald moths in China (Geometridae, Geometrinae) HONGXIANG HAN & DAYONG XUE (P.R. China)
Authors: HAN HONGXIANG , XUE DAYONG
Published: March 2019

The Chinese group of Thalassodes and related taxa, including four genera and eighteen species is reviewed. Four new species are described: Pelagodes paraveraria sp. nov., Pelagodes bellula sp. nov., Pelagodes simplvalvae sp. nov., Pelagodes sinuspinae sp. nov. The genus Remiformvalva, the species Remiformvalva viridicaput, Orothalassodes floccosa and Pelagodes clarifimbria are recorded for the first time from China. Descriptions and diagnoses of the genera and diagnoses for the species are provided. The female genitalia of R. viridicaput are described for the first time. Moths of all species are illustrated in colour and figures of the genitalia and the male eighth segment are provided.
Checklist and new distribution records of katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) from Colombia
Authors: CHAMORRO-RENGIFO JULIANA , CADENA-CASTAÑEDA OSCAR J. , BRAUN HOLGER , MONTEALEGRE-Z. FERNANDO , ROMERO RODRIGO I. , MARQUEZ FRANCISCO HUMBERTO SERNA , GONZALES RANULFO
Published: March 2019

This article compiles information about the species of Tettigoniidae present in Colombia, based on biological collections and the literature. To date 345 species grouped in 129 genera and seven subfamilies are known from the country. The presence of 77 species recorded from other countries is documented for the first time. Regarding the katydids the data on geographical distribution show that less than 50% of the national territory has been scientifically explored. The best-represented area is the Valle del Cauca, due to regional faunistic inventories and taxonomic studies.
New Isometopinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae) from the Oriental Region, with some notes on the genera Alcecoris and Sophianus
Authors: HERCZEK ALEKSANDER , POPOV YURI A.
Published: March 2019

A new isometopine species of the genus Alcecoris McAtee & Malloch, 1924 (A. heissi sp. nov.) is described from Thailand. A check-list of the known species of Alcecoris is presented.
The taxonomy’s new clothes: a little more about the DNA-based taxonomy
Authors: SANTOS LEANDRO M. , FARIA LUIZ R. R.
Published: March 2019

The use of DNA sequences, including DNA barcoding, as a taxonomical tool has been happening for some time (Tautz et al., 2003; Hajibabaei et al., 2007; Packer et al., 2009). However, the description of new species based solely on DNA sequences is a new idea (Cook et al., 2010) and a new practice (Brower, 2010). Our aim is not to further polarize the war between advocates of strictly molecular or strictly morphological systematics (following, e.g., Pires & Marinoni 2010). The objectives here are (i) to present some arguments regarding the perils of the proposition of a model (theory) for solely DNA-based descriptions (Cook et al. 2010) and the actual publication (practice) of such descriptions (Brower 2010), (ii) to discuss some reasons why we believe that adopting strictly DNA taxonomy for species description, setting aside everything we have learned from classic taxonomy, may not be the best alternative and (iii) to present the point of view about these matters of a PhD candidate and a recently graduated PhD working with taxonomy in a developing country.
A new vermiform sea anemone (Anthozoa: Actiniaria) from Argentina: Harenactis argentina sp. nov.
Authors: LAURETTA DANIEL , RODRÍGUEZ ESTEFANÍA , PENCHASZADEH PABLO E.
Published: March 2019

During 2007, 2008, and 2010, 23 specimens of an undescribed vermiform sea anemone were collected on Punta Pardelas and Fracaso Beach (Península Valdés, Argentina). The specimens have longitudinal rows of cinclides distally, all mesenteries perfect, tentacles hexamerously arranged without acrospheres, column not divisible into regions, no marginal sphincter and no conchula. We describe these specimens as a new species within the genus Harenactis (family Haloclavidae). Harenactis argentina sp. nov. is the second species of Harenactis; it represents the first record of this genus in the southern hemisphere and the first record of a soft bottom-dwelling sea anemone in the Argentine continental zone. Furthermore, we discuss the familial placement and relationships of the genus Harenactis and other athenarian sea anemones.
The type species of the threadsnake genus Tricheilostoma Jan revisited (Squamata, Leptotyphlopidae)
Authors: HEDGES S. BLAIR
Published: March 2019

For most of the last 150 years, Tricheilostoma Jan, 1860 has resided in the synonymy of other snake genera such as Glauconia Gray, 1845 and Leptotyphlops Fitzinger, 1843 (Boulenger, 1893; McDiarmid et al., 1999). Thus there has been less practical concern over the identity of the type species. This changed recently with the proposal of a new classification of the family Leptotyphlopidae and resurrection of the Genus Tricheilostoma (Adalsteinsson et al., 2009). Pinto et al. (2010) alluded to a potential taxonomic problem with the type species of that genus, but determined that no change was necessary. However, the problem remains and affects 15 species of South American and African snakes. The purpose of this note is to resolve the issue and make the necessary taxonomic changes.
Taxonomic notes on genus Coelotrypes Bezzi (Diptera: Tephritidae: Trypetinae) with description of two new species
Authors: DAVID K. J. , HANCOCK D. L.
Published: March 2019

Two new species of Coelotrypes Bezzi, C. meremmiae sp. n. and C. paralatilimbatus sp. n. are described from India. Postabdominal structures and the third instar larva of C. luteifasciatus (Senior-White) are also illustrated and described. A key to Oriental species of Coelotrypes is provided.
Taxonomic studies on the genus Orancistrocerus van der Vecht, 1963 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) from Vietnam, with description of a new species
Authors: TRUONG LAM XUAN , BOZDOĞAN HAKAN , NGUYEN LIEN THI PHUONG
Published: March 2019

Two species of the genus Orancistrocerus van der Vecht, 1963 from Vietnam are recorded. Of them, a new species, O. altus sp. nov. from Lang Son province in the northern part of Vietnam is described and illustrated. In addition, one subspecies, O. aterrimus nigriceps van der Vecht, 1963 is newly recorded from China.
Description of a new species of the genus Diastatotropis Lacordaire (Coleoptera: Anthribidae) with strikingly elongated elytral apices from north-eastern Madagascar
Authors: TRÝZNA MILOŠ , ANDRIANOMENJANAHARY MAMY NANDRIANINA
Published: March 2019

A new species, Diastatotropis blazeji Trýzna sp. nov. (Anthribidae: Anthribinae: Cappadocini), from north-eastern Madagascar is described. Male and female genitalia are studied and illustrated and colour photographs are provided. It is distinguished from all species of the genus by the strikingly elongated apices of the elytra and the distinctly bright golden green colour of the upper side of the body.
Seven new species of Amphidraus Simon, 1900 (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini)
Authors: SALGADO ALEXANDRE , RUIZ GUSTAVO R.S.
Published: March 2019

Seven new species of Amphidraus Simon, 1900 are described from Brazil: A. araripe sp. nov. (♂♀), A. boomerang sp. nov. (♂), A. cornipalpis sp. nov. (♂♀), A. draconitupan sp. nov. (♂♀), A. manauara sp. nov. (♂♀), A. sacrificatus sp. nov. (♂) and A. shenlong sp. nov. (♂). Morphological variation in the male palp of A. draconicaudatus Salgado & Ruiz, 2017 and A. caxiuanan Salgado & Ruiz, 2017 is discovered and evaluated.
Engineering modernity: Water, electricity and the infrastructure landscapes of Bangalore, India
Authors: Castán Broto Vanesa , Sudhira HS
Published: March 2019

The concept of ‘nexus’ has gained popularity in urban studies to examine the interconnections between the management of resources and the provision of urban services. This article proposes a conceptualisation of the urban nexus as the contingent product of the operation of physical, ecological and social processes around urban technologies in a specific location. The article focuses on the configuration of the nexus within particular trajectories of urban development, and the wider consequences of these trajectories for urban life. The strategy of the article is to examine the water-energy nexus within a particular infrastructure landscape, that is, as it emerges from the historical co-evolution of social practices and the built environment. Such co-evolution can be described as an urban trajectory that reveals the consolidation of different aspects of the nexus at varying levels from the household to the extra-urban connections that shape the city. This perspective is applied to analyse processes of infrastructure development in the city of Bangalore, India, since the completion of the first works to establish a water network and the electrification of the city at the beginning of the 20th century. The analysis reveals a historically built and context-dependent nexus that reflects the interconnectedness of the mechanisms of infrastructure governance and urban inequality.
Progress at the State Level Versus Recent Regress at the Federal Level: Changes in the Social Consequences of the U.S. War on Drugs
Authors: Jensen Eric L. , Mosher Clayton , Gerber Jurg , Angulski Kate
Published: March 2019

Fifteen years ago, Jensen, Gerber, and Mosher drew attention to the societal costs of the U.S. war on drugs. They argued that while criminologists had focused on the impact of this war on the U.S. criminal justice system, other impacts had been under-researched. Whereas some research along these lines has been done that we review here briefly, some of the “objective” conditions of the war on drugs have changed in the intervening years. The primary aim of the current article is to update these conditions. In brief, we have witnessed progress at the U.S. state level in terms of adverse social consequences of the war on drugs, but a significant recent regress at the federal level. Among others, there are significant new restrictions to various federal programs, often disproportionately so for members of racial minorities.
Collaborative Quizzes: Impact on Student Performance and Attendance
Authors: Petrunich-Rutherford Maureen L. , Daniel Frances
Published: March 2019

The current study investigated whether collaborative quizzing impacted quiz performance, overall grades, exam grades, pass/fail rates, and attendance in upper-level psychology courses. Students enrolled in two sections of upper-level psychology courses completed collaborative quizzes, whereas students enrolled in two noncollaborative sections completed quizzes individually. Students enrolled in the collaborative classes maintained quiz performance from beginning to end of the semester, whereas students enrolled in the noncollaborative classes demonstrated a general decline in quiz grades. There was also a slight increase in overall course grades for students enrolled in collaborative compared to noncollaborative classes; however, there was no difference in exam grades, pass/fail rates, and attendance between the collaborative and noncollaborative classes. Collaborative quizzes may encourage a deeper understanding of course material and/or encourage students to come prepared for the group quiz activities.
Poland in the transformative years (1988–2013): Changes in economic, political, and social spheres of life
Authors: Titarenko Larissa
Published: March 2019

This review essay examines two volumes published by a group of Polish and American scholars based on a 25-year panel survey (1988–2013), and a third book that reflects the methodological and technical issues related to three years of comparative research on political protests, by Polish and US scholars. The books focus on the research methodology and provide a comprehensive analysis of empirical data related to the radical transformation of political, economic, and social life in Poland. On the one hand, they offer methodological insights on how to analyze large survey datasets in order to describe theoretical linkages between political protest and its determinants in society. On the other hand, the books provide new knowledge on social differentiation and social inequality in Poland. The findings from Polish research can be useful for comparative analysis of other countries in Central and Eastern Europe also experiencing the processes of transformation.
How Effective Are Eye-Tracking Data in Identifying Problematic Questions?
Authors: Neuert Cornelia E.
Published: March 2019

To collect high-quality data, survey designers aim to develop questions that each respondent can understand as intended. A critical step to this end is designing questions that minimize the respondents’ burden by reducing the cognitive effort required to comprehend and answer them. One promising technique for identifying problematic survey questions is eye tracking. This article investigates the potential of eye movements and pupil dilations as indicators for evaluating survey questions. Respondents were randomly assigned to either a problematic or an improved version of six experimental questions. By analyzing fixation times, fixation counts, and pupil diameters, it was examined whether these parameters could be used to distinguish between the two versions. Identifying the improved version worked best by comparing fixation times, whereas in most cases, it was not possible to differentiate between versions on the basis of pupil data. Limitations and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
Shared Plates, Shared Minds: Consuming From a Shared Plate Promotes Cooperation
Authors: Woolley Kaitlin , Fishbach Ayelet
Published: March 2019

A meal naturally brings people together, but does the way a meal is served and consumed further matter for cooperation between people? This research ( N = 1,476) yielded evidence that it does. People eating from shared plates (i.e., a Chinese-style meal) cooperated more in social dilemmas and negotiations than those eating from separate plates. Specifically, sharing food from a single plate increased perceived coordination among diners, which in turn led them to behave more cooperatively and less competitively toward each other, compared with individuals eating the same food from separate plates. The effect of sharing a plate on cooperation occurred among strangers, which suggests that sharing plates can bring together more than just allies.
The influence of collective employment relations on work accommodation: case studies in Estonia, Hungary and Poland
Authors: Masso Märt , Foster Deborah , Osila Liina , Bábel Balázs , Czarzasty Jan , Kiss Ambrus , Koziarek Małgorzata , Owczarek Dominik
Published: March 2019

Work accommodations are generally understood to refer to individual solutions for older and disabled employees that have been tailored to their specific situation within a workplace. This article, however, argues that there is potential for collective employment relations to motivate and enable social partners to develop a role in implementing reasonable accommodations and supporting older and disabled employees in the labour market. Focusing on industrial relations and work accommodation systems in Estonia, Poland and Hungary, the potential role that social partners could play in creating more inclusive workplaces is explored. This is done by reference to the findings from an action research project that brought together social partners to discuss ways in which practices in providing work accommodations could help better to integrate underutilised sources of labour in these three countries. The industrial relations regimes in the three countries have potentially enabling characteristics that could facilitate work accommodations. Current knowledge of the work accommodation process and the integration of this issue into the collective employment relations agenda, however, needs further improvement.
On the use of definitions in sociology
Authors: Swedberg Richard
Published: March 2019

Definitions may seem marginal to the sociological enterprise but can be very useful; however, they can also lead to serious errors. Examples of both are given in this article. Different types of definitions are presented, and their relevance for sociology is highlighted. A stipulative definition, for example, is very useful in sociology, as opposed to lexical and ostensive definitions. The definition of a concept that is used in a sociological analysis has to be sociological in nature, and the concept cannot have the same meaning as it has in everyday language. Additional items to bear in mind when a definition is put together are discussed, including some tips on how to proceed that come from political science (Sartori, Collier, Goertz). A definition can also be very helpful in the research process itself by indicating which are the important aspects of some phenomenon to focus on (Weber, Blumer). On the negative side, a term that is not properly defined may lead to misunderstandings as well as to a false sense of agreement with other uses of the term.
Never give up, never surrender: Game live streaming, neoliberal work, and personalized media economies
Authors: Guarriello Nicholas-Brie
Published: March 2019

Based on Internet Ethnography of a popular female live streamer on YouTube Gaming, this article theorizes how game live streaming invokes new forms of paid emotional labor that intersect with traditionally feminized demands of unpaid attentive and caring work. Drawing from an intersectional feminist framework that takes seriously small data and everyday life, this article suggests there is a shift toward one’s work being part of a personalized media economy that can relate to one’s audience. This study concludes with an invitation to think how folks under neoliberal capitalism are willing to leave secure, traditional 9-to-5 jobs, in order to be a professional gamer without any social safety nets and ultimately be always-on-the-clock.
Assemblage analysis: an experimental new-materialist method for analysing narrative data
Authors: Feely Michael
Published: March 2019

Recently social constructionist and poststructuralist theories, and the methodologies they have informed, have been criticised for focusing excessively on human discourse and human action whilst overlooking the importance of the material and non-human world. Alongside these critiques we have witnessed the emergence of new-materialist theories and methodologies that attempt to address the perceived shortcomings of social constructionism and poststructuralism. This article aims to make a small contribution to these developments by introducing an experimental new-materialist method for analysing narrative data. The method, which was developed during a qualitative research project exploring the treatment of sexuality within a disability service, borrows from established methods of poststructuralist discourse analysis whilst also seeking to remain attentive to the material, affective and non-human forces that shape and affect the stories people tell.
Diagnosis of death using neurological criteria in adult patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: Development of UK guidance
Authors: Meadows CIS , Toolan M , Slack A , Newman S , Ostermann M , Camporota L , Gardiner D , Webb S , Barker J , Vuylsteke A , Harvey C , Ledot S , Scott I , Barrett NA
Published: March 2019

The diagnosis of death using neurological criteria is an important legal method of establishing death in the UK. The safety of the diagnosis lies in the exclusion of conditions which may mask the diagnosis and the testing of the fundamental reflexes of the brainstem including the apnoea reflex. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for cardiac or respiratory support can impact upon these tests, both through drug sequestration in the circuit and also through the ability to undertake the apnoea test. Until recently, there has been no nationally accepted guidance regarding the conduct of the tests to undertake the diagnosis of death using neurological criteria for a patient on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. This article considers both the background to and the process of guideline development.
Relationship between the elbow joint valgus instability and forearm flexor muscle strength in high school pitchers with and without symptom
Authors: Tajika Tsuyoshi , Oya Noboru , Ichinose Tsuyoshi , Shimoyama Daisuke , Sasaki Tsuyoshi , Hamano Noritaka , Shitara Hitoshi , Yamamoto Atsushi , Takagishi Kenji , Chikuda Hirotaka
Published: March 2019

Objectives:

Earlier reports describe forearm flexor muscles as active stabilizers of the elbow to valgus stress during throwing motion. Given high school pitchers’ history of elbow symptoms, this study assesses its relation to elbow valgus joint instability and forearm flexor muscle strength.

Methods:

Ultrasound examination was made for 132 high school baseball pitchers with and without valgus stress of the medial aspect of the bilateral elbows. They had completed a self-administered questionnaire related to self-satisfaction score (0–100) for pitching performance and throwing-related elbow joint pain sustained during the prior year. Using a digital manual muscle strength meter, we examined the grip strength and muscle strength of the flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU). For participants with and without a history of elbow symptom, we compared differences of ulnohumeral joint space width with and without valgus stress and grip and FCU muscle strength.

Results:

For ulnohumeral joint width difference with and without valgus stress, pitchers with an elbow symptom and those without elbow symptom history on the throwing side were not significantly different. No difference was found in the grip strength or FCU muscle strength of the throwing side for each group. Positive significant association was found between FCU muscle strength on the pitching side and the self-evaluation score for pitching performance ( r = 0.27, p = 0.002). However, no association was found between the elbow valgus instability and the forearm flexor muscle strength.

Conclusion:

FCU muscle strength might influence high school baseball pitching performance.
Stabilization of chevron osteotomy with a capsuloperiosteal flap: Results in 15 years of follow-up
Authors: Koken Murat , Basat H Cagdas , Kara A Hakan , Us A Kemal , Guclu Berk
Published: March 2019

Purpose:

Distal chevron osteotomy (DCO) is used more frequently than other methods for the correction of mild-to-moderate hallux valgus deformity because it is markedly more stable. Here, we evaluated the use of a capsuloperiosteal flap to stabilize DCO and presented our last longer follow-up.

Methods:

This study included a total of 57 patients (86 feet) made up of 50 women (79 feet) and 7 men (7 feet) with a mean age of 37.8 years who were diagnosed with hallux valgus and met the inclusion criteria. These patients received treatment using a capsuloperiosteal flap to stabilize DCO from 1994 to 2000. Clinical outcomes of the patients were assessed using the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society hallux scale.

Results:

The mean follow-up duration was 14.8 years. The score increased from a preoperative mean of 52 points to a mean of 90.5 points at last follow-up. The mean hallux valgus angle changed from 30.3° preoperatively to 14.4° postoperatively at the last follow-up. The first to second intermetatarsal angle changed from 13.6° preoperatively to 10.5° postoperatively. The correction in the range of motion proved to be consistent with only an average of 1° correction loss and 5.5° loss. Eighty-four feet (97.6%) were pain-free. Discomfort with shoe wear was absent in 82 feet (95.3%) postoperatively, and 23 of 24 (95.8%) patients were fascinated cosmetically.

Conclusion:

Correction of mild-to-moderate hallux valgus deformity with the use of capsuloperiosteal flap for stabilization of DCO provided findings comparable with the literature regarding clinical and radiological outcomes at long-term follow-up. Level of Evidence: IV, Retrospective Case Series.
Substitution mechanisms in In-, Au-, and Cu-bearing sphalerites studied by X-ray absorption spectroscopy of synthetic compounds and natural minerals
Authors: Filimonova Olga N. , Trigub Alexander L. , Tonkacheev Dmitriy E. , Nickolsky Max S. , Kvashnina Kristina O. , Chareev Dmitriy A. , Chaplygin Ilya V. , Kovalchuk Elena V. , Lafuerza Sara , Tagirov Boris R.
Published: March 2019

Sphalerite is the main source of In – a ‘critical’ metal widely used in high-tech electronics. In this mineral the concentration of In is commonly correlated directly with Cu content. Here we use X-ray absorption spectroscopy of synthetic compounds and natural crystals in order to investigate the substitution mechanisms in sphalerites where In is present, together with the group 11 metals. All the admixtures (Au, Cu, In) are distributed homogeneously within the sphalerite matrix, but their structural and chemical states are different. In all the samples investigated In3+replaces Zn in the structure of sphalerite. The In ligand distance increases by 0.12 Å and 0.09–0.10 Å for the 1st and 2nd coordination shells, respectively, in comparison with pure sphalerite. The In–S distance in the 3rd coordination shell is close to the one of pure sphalerite. Gold in synthetic sphalerites is coordinated with sulfur (NS= 2.4–2.5,RAu–S= 2.35 ± 0.01 Å). Our data suggest that at high Au concentrations (0.03–0.5 wt.%) the Au2S clusters predominate, with a small admixture of the Au+solid solution with an Au–S distance of 2.5 Å. Therefore, the homogeneous character of a trace-element distribution, which is commonly observed in natural sulfides, does not confirm formation of a solid solution. In contrast to Au, the presence of Cu+with In exists only in the solid-solution state, where it is tetrahedrally coordinated with S atoms at a distance of 2.30 ± 0.03 Å. The distant coordination shells of Cu are disordered. These results demonstrate that the group 11 metals (Cu, Ag and Au) can exist in sphalerite in the metastable solid-solution state. The solid solution forms at high temperature via the charge compensation scheme 2Zn2+↔Me++Me3+. The final state of the trace elements at ambient temperature is governed by the difference in ionic radii with the main component (Zn), and concentration of admixtures.
Dysregulated alveolar function and complications in smokers following oesophagectomy
Authors: Lugg Sebastian T. , Alridge Kerrie A. , Howells Phillip A. , Parekh Dhruv , Scott Aaron , Mahida Rahul Y. , Park Daniel , Tucker Olga , Gao Fang , Perkins Gavin D. , Thickett David R. , Dancer Rachel C.A.
Published: March 2019

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has a significant impact on post-operative morbidity and mortality following oesophagectomy. Smoking is a risk factor for the development of ARDS, although the mechanism is unclear. We examined the effect of smoking on alveolar and systemic inflammation, in addition to alveolar–capillary permeability, leading to ARDS in patients undergoing oesophagectomy.

We compared clinical, biomarker and PiCCO system data between current smokers (n=14) and ex-smokers (n=36) enrolled into a translational substudy of the BALTI-P (Beta Agonist Lung Injury Trial Prevention) trial.

Current smokers compared with ex-smokers had significantly higher numbers of circulating neutrophils, elevated bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor-1 and pre-operative plasma soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and lower BAL vascular endothelial growth factor and post-operative plasma IL-17 (p<0.05). On post-operative day 1, current smokers had higher extravascular lung water index (9.80versus7.90; p=0.026) and pulmonary vascular permeability index (2.09versus1.70; p=0.013). Current smokers were more likely to develop ARDS (57%versus25%; p=0.031) and had a significantly reduced post-operative median survival (421versus771 days; p=0.023).

Smoking prior to oesophagectomy is associated with dysregulated inflammation, with higher concentrations of inflammatory mediators and lower concentrations of protective mediators. This translates into a higher post-operative inflammatory alveolar oedema, greater risk of ARDS and poorer long-term survival.
European Respiratory Society International Congress 2018: highlights from Assembly 2 on respiratory intensive care
Authors: Fisser Christoph , Spoletini Giulia , Soe Aung Kyaw , Livesey Alana , Schreiber Annia , Swingwood Ema , Bos Lieuwe D. , Dreher Michael , Schultz Marcus J. , Heunks Leo , Scala Raffaele
Published: March 2019

The respiratory intensive care Assembly of the European Respiratory Society is proud to present a summary of several important sessions held at the International Congress in Paris in 2018. For the highly esteemed reader who may have missed the Congress, a concise review was written on three topics: the state-of-the-art session on respiratory critical care, hot topics in weaning and the best abstracts in noninvasive ventilation.
Association between diuretic use and the risk of vertebral fracture after stroke: a population-based retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lin Shu-Man , Yang Shih-Hsien , Wang Chih-Yung , Huang Huei-Kai
Published: March 2019

Background

Stroke is a major risk factor for osteoporosis and fractures. No study has evaluated the association between diuretic use and risk of vertebral fracture in stroke patients, although a considerable proportion of stroke patients are prescribed diuretics for hypertension. Our study aimed to investigate whether treatment with thiazides or loop diuretics affects the risk of vertebral fracture after stroke.

Methods

A population-based propensity score-matched retrospective cohort study was conducted using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Patients with a new diagnosis of stroke between 2000 and 2011 were included. After propensity score matching, 9468 patients were included in the analysis of the effect of thiazides, of who 4734 received thiazides within 2 years after stroke. To analyze the loop diuretic effect, 4728 patients were included, of who 2364 received loop diuretics. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) of vertebral fractures among patients according to thiazide or loop diuretic use within 2 years following stroke. Sensitivity analyses based on the duration of thiazide or loop diuretic use were further conducted.

Results

There was no significant difference in vertebral fracture risk between thiazide users and non-users (adjusted HR [aHR] = 1.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.88–1.47, p = 0.316). Loop diuretic users had a significantly higher vertebral fracture risk than non-users (aHR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.06–1.98, p = 0.019). However, the sensitivity analysis revealed that short-term thiazide use (exposure duration < 90 days within 2 years after stroke) significantly increased the risk of vertebral fracture versus non-use (aHR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.02–1.88, p = 0.039). Only short-term loop diuretic users had significantly higher risk of vertebral fracture (aHR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.11–2.20, p = 0.011). The other two subgroups with longer exposure duration in analyses for both thiazides and loop diuretics revealed no significant effect.

Conclusions

Short-term thiazide or loop diuretic use was associated with an increased risk of vertebral fracture after stroke. Further prospective clinical trials are required to confirm this finding.
Accumulation of wear and tear in archival and library collections. Part II: an epidemiological study
Authors: Duran-Casablancas Cristina , Grau-Bové Josep , Fearn Tom , Strlič Matija
Published: March 2019

This paper proposes a new approach to collection surveying based on epidemiology, the discipline that describes and explains disease patterns in populations. In epidemiology the focus of attention lies not only on the occurrence of a disease but also on the characteristics of the individuals which might play a role in the occurrence of the disease. To explore the applicability of epidemiology to heritage collections, we take as example the study of the occurrence and accumulation of wear and tear in archive collections, which so far has only been studied in controlled experimental studies. We designed an observational study (survey) in which the assessment of mechanical failure is understood as the outcome variable, and the factors that might affect the degree of failure are defined as exposure variables. To evaluate the relevance of the assessed factors in relation to the observed mechanical failure, exploratory data analyses were conducted by comparing groups of objects that differ regarding their level of exposure to different factors. Although highly scattered data is not unusual in this type of studies and confounding has to be taken into account during the data analysis, this paper shows that through an epidemiological approach to surveys, the factors that have a greater effect on mechanical failure can be identified. Moreover, the rate of failure can also be determined for certain groups of objects. Also patterns of decay emerge which show the vulnerability of certain groups of objects. In this paper the practical aspects of the design and analysis of observational epidemiological studies for heritage collections are discussed. As a final note, the applicability and relevance of this approach to support collection management is briefly discussed.
The unheard voice: a qualitative exploration of companions' experiences of liaison psychiatry and mental health crises in the emergency department
Authors: Collom Jennifer , Patterson Emma , Lawrence-Smith Geoff , Tracy Derek K.
Published: March 2019

Aims and method

To understand the experience of companions of patients seen in the emergency department by liaison psychiatry teams. Participants were recruited via purposive sampling following a recent visit to the emergency department of an inner- or outer-London hospital. Semi-structured interviews were administered to all participants.

Results

Two major themes were generated. The first concerned the appropriateness of the clinical space, in which ‘noise’, ‘privacy’ and the ‘waiting area’ were subthemes. The second was communication with staff, including subthemes of ‘wanting more information’ and a ‘desire to be more involved’.

Clinical implications

Liaison psychiatry services should consider appropriateness of the clinical space, promoting improved communication between staff and patients' companions, and a review of the information provided to companions in the emergency department. This research offers a novel perspective on liaison psychiatry and will enhance current understanding and clinical practice.
Clinical features of paediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome: findings from a case– control study
Authors: Hesselmark Eva , Bejerot Susanne
Published: March 2019

Background

Paediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS), an umbrella term that includes PANDAS (paediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections) is suggested to be a psychiatric disorder of autoimmune aetiology. PANS is characterised by an acute onset of obsessive–compulsive disorder or restricted eating with multiple comorbid symptoms. The specificity of the PANS criteria is not fully understood.

Aims

To describe a cohort of patients with PANS and to determine if PANS features relating to symptoms, onset and course are more common in PANS than in other psychiatric conditions.

Method

A case–control study comparing patients with interview-confirmed PANS with patients with suspected PANS and patients with a psychiatric condition but with no suspicion of PANS. Validated and non-validated measures of symptoms, onset and episodic course were used.

Results

Illness in patients with interview-confirmed PANS featured an episodic course and multiple symptoms present at onset compared with the psychiatric controls. However, individuals with interview-confirmed PANS did not present a specific symptom profile.

Conclusions

PANS may be a distinct clinical entity featuring an acute onset, an episodic course and multiple symptoms at onset.

Declaration of interest

None.