bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Konsument hybrydowy na rynku produktów spożywczych
Authors: Dąbrowska Anna , Jurowczyk Paweł , Szuszkiewicz Anita
Published: March 2023

Okres pandemii zwrócił uwagę badaczy na określenie „hybrydowy”. Pojęcie to odnoszone jest doprzedsiębiorstw, rynku pracy, usług, handlu. W niniejszym artykule autorzy zdefiniowali konsumentahybrydowego i zbadali jego zachowania na rynku produktów żywnościowych. Jak wynika z badaniaGEMIUS i Izby Gospodarki Elektronicznej, w 2021 r. ponad 30% internautów w czasie pandemii zaczęłokupować więcej i częściej, a jako główny powód wskazują na bezpieczeństwo, dostęp do sklepucałą dobę oraz konkurencyjną cenę. Pandemia wymogła na konsumentach nowe przyzwyczajeniei podejście do robienia zakupów. Miesięcznie podczas e-zakupów polscy konsumenci wydają na artykułyspożywcze 188 zł [Gemius]. Umacnia się zatem kupowanie online wobec offline, a tym samymcoraz częściej możemy mówić o konsumencie hybrydowym. Z badania przeprowadzonego wśród 1008Polaków w wieku 18–80 lat wynika, że dominującym jest konsument tradycyjny (N = 707), czyli kupującyprodukty spożywcze stacjonarnie i tylko od czasu do czasu online, ale można postawić tezę, żebędzie on ewaluował w kierunku konsumenta hybrydowego proporcjonalnie robiącego zakupy offlinei online, a jego zachowania będą kształtować kompetencje, a nie tylko pandemia.
Hybrydowa struktura organizacyjna z perspektywy paradoksu eksploracji i eksploatacji
Authors: Zakrzewska-Bielawska Agnieszka , Flaszewska Sylwia
Published: March 2023

Paradoksy są wszechobecne we współczesnym zarządzaniu organizacjami, a jednym z nich jest paradoks eksploracji i eksploatacji. Chcąc realizować z powodzeniem obie te aktywności, przedsiębiorstwa potrzebują odpowiednich struktur łączących cechy z różnych modelowych rozwiązań. Potrzebują zatem struktur hybrydowych. Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja i ocena struktur organizacyjnych przedsiębiorstw funkcjonujących w Polsce z perspektywy realizacji strategii oburęcznej i przy uwzględnieniu wieku, wielkości oraz fazy rozwoju przedsiębiorstwa.Na podstawie badań przeprowadzonych na próbie 363 firm stwierdzono, że hybrydowe rozwiązania organizacyjne oparte na silnej strukturalnej dyferencjacji oraz towarzyszących jej formalnych mechanizmach koordynacji charakteryzują firmy większe i starsze, które realizują działania eksploracyjne i eksploatacyjne w sposób symultaniczny.
Ocena zaufania inwestorów indywidualnych do obligacji bankowych w Polsce
Authors: Węgrzyn Paweł
Published: March 2023

Celem artykułu jest ocena poziomu zaufania inwestorów indywidualnych do obligacji bankowych w Polsce, a także ustalenie czy rodzaj banku oraz kategoria obligacji emitowanych przez banki determinują poziom zaufania do tych instrumentów finansowych. W teoretycznej części opracowania podkreślono znaczenie zaufania w kontekście funkcjonowania rynku finansowego, dokonano charakterystyki rynku obligacji bankowych w Polsce, a także odniesiono się do badań innych autorów nawiązujących do oceny poziomu zaufania do obligacji korporacyjnych oraz do banków w Polsce. Do realizacji celu badawczego i weryfikacji przyjętych hipotez badawczych wykorzystano badania ankietowe skierowane do inwestorów indywidualnych (CAWI) oraz nieparametryczne testy statystyczne (test Wilcoxona).
СОЦІАЛЬНА СКЛАДОВА ПСИХОСОЦІАЛЬНОГО РОЗВИТКУ ДОШКІЛЬНИКІВ З СИНДРОМОМ ДАУНА
Authors: Михновецька Ірина
Published: March 2023

У статті порушується питання дослідження психосоціального розвитку та розглядається його соціальна складова у дітей дошкільного віку з синдромом Дауна. Аналізуються роботи авторів щодо доцільності навчання та виховання дітей з синдромом Дауна. Вказуються можливості соціалізації дошкільників за допомогою залучення їх сильних сторін та розглядається поняття «соціальна компетентність у взаєминах з однолітками» дітей з синдромом Дауна.
ПСИХОЛОГІЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ОСОБИСТІСНОГО РОЗВИТКУ ПІДЛІТКІВ З ЛЕГКОЮ РОЗУМОВОЮ ВІДСТАЛІСТЮ
Authors: Шипелік Тетяна
Published: March 2023

У статті представлені результати експериментального вивчення оптимальності особистісного розвитку підлітків з легкою розумовою відсталістю. На вибірці з ISO підлітків з розумовою відсталістю в віці 14-1S років показано, що низька гармонійність психологічної організації особистості сприяє слабкому усвідомленню процесів саморозвитку і низькому рівню розвитку смислової сфери особистості.
Efecto del tiempo de ayuno sobre los niveles de glucosa en perras sometidas a Ovariohisterectomía
Authors: Quiña Egas Jany Estefany , Campos Murillo Nathalie del Consuelo , Villamarin Barragán Darwin Rafael
Published: March 2023

Objetivo. Determinar el efecto del tiempo de ayuno en los niveles de glucosa, pre y post quirúrgica en caninas mestiza de 4 a 16 kg, sometidas a OVH de hasta 15 minutos, mediante tiras Alpha Trak2 en la clínica Municipal de la ciudad de Ibarra, Julio 2022. Metodología. La investigación fue cuantitativa, tipo experimental descriptiva, se evaluó al individuo clasificándolo en la escala American Society of anesthesiologics (ASA), tomando una muestra inicial en ayunas, de glucosa en sangre venosa que comprobase su normalidad, para ingresar a cada grupo de estudio debía ser normoglucémico o hiperglucémico, clasificadas en 3 grupos (4, 8 y 12 horas de ayuno) comprendidos por 21 ejemplares cada uno, se tomó una muestra pre quirúrgica y otra 2 horas post quirúrgica, correlacionando la sintomatología postquirúrgica con los tiempos de ayuno. La población, hembras caninas mestizas sanas que entraron por servicio de esterilización, el tratamiento muestral 63 ejemplares de 4 meses en adelante, de entre 4 – 16 kg en las instalaciones de la clínica en cuestión, los datos resultantes se analizaron por ANOVA de 2 factores y las variables cualitativas con Chi cuadrado, mediante Infostat. Resultados. En los 3 grupos de estudio existió una diferencia en la variable glucosa prequirúrgica p= 0.052, estadísticamente irrelevante, y en la glucosa post quirúrgica p= 0.719 con el mismo resultado; esta última en todos los casos fue mayor que la glucosa prequirúrgica, la sintomatología se mantuvo relativamente constante en los 3 grupos de ayuno. Conclusión. No existe una relevancia significativa entre tiempos de ayuno, ni riesgo de hipoglucemia, se vio generado un estrés metabólico en todos los casos que indujo una hiperglucemia debido al procedimiento quirúrgico en sí, con síntomas postquirúrgicos similares en todos los grupos. Área de estudio: veterinaria, salud y bienestar animal, manejo de la fauna urbana.
Caracterização anatômica e histoquímica de Ayapana triplinervis (Vahl) R. M. King & H. Rob.
Authors: Oliveira Thalisson Johann Michelon de , Nascimento Manoel Euclides do , Medeiros Jessica Corrêa Albuquerque , Nascimento Vitor Resende do , Carneiro Francimary da Silva , Barbosa Antonio Vinicius Correa , Batista Telma Fátima Vieira , Nogueira Glauco André dos Santos , Freitas Joze Melisa Nunes de , Oliveira Neto Cândido Ferreira de
Published: March 2023

Este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar espécimes de japana (Ayapana triplinervis) do horto medicinal da Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - Campus Belém em diferentes tipos de testes histoquímicos. Algumas plantas possuem uma grande quantidade de variedades, ecotipos e quimiotipos, dificultando a identificação da mesma. As fotomicrografias em microscopia fotônica foram obtidas a partir de lâminas histológicas dos órgãos vegetativos da raiz, caule e folha, confeccionadas a mão livre, seguindo as técnicas usuais da anatomia vegetal. Os testes histoquímicos foram feitos através da utilização dos reagentes Sudan Black B (Pearse), Lugol (Johansen et al) e Azul de Toluidina (O’ Brien et al), para a detecção dos compostos de lipídios, amido e polissacarídeos ácidos, respectivamente, seguindo a metodologia citada nas literaturas destes autores.
Efeitos sedativos e cardiorrespiratórios da detomidina associada ou não ao diazepam em equinos submetidos ao exame odontológico
Authors: Castro Marina Lopes , Silva Rogério Vieira da , Silva Andressa Karollini da , Wenceslau Raphael Rocha , Beier Suzane Lilian , Fagundes Natália , Pimenta Eutalio Luiz Mariani , Lima Jorge Tiburcio Barbosa de , Winter Isabella Caixeta , Palhares Maristela Silveira
Published: March 2023

A sedação para o exame odontológico, em estação, nos equinos é essencial para facilitar o manejo e garantir um exame de excelência. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar se o diazepam associado à detomidina potencializaria a sedação do agonista α2 (detomidina), principalmente pela redução do movimento da língua e mastigação sem excessiva desestabilização. Foram examinados 12 equinos adultos de diferentes idades, raças e sexos submetidos a correção dos arcos dentários e distribuídos aleatoriamente entre dois tratamentos: detomidina (20 µg.kg-1, IV) e diazepam (20 µg.kg-1, IV) (DD; n=6) ou detomidina (20 µg.kg-1, IV) e solução salina de NaCl 0,9% (DS; n=6). Foram avaliados o relaxamento e a exposição da língua, frequência cardíaca, intervalo PR, frequência respiratória, pressão arterial sistólica, temperatura retal, bloqueios atrioventriculares de segundo grau, grau de ataxia, movimento da cabeça, em nove momentos. E a distância da cabeça ao solo (HHAG) foram avaliadas em três momentos. Sempre que houve necessidade de aumentar a sedação, foi administrado um bolus de detomidina adicional (5µg.kg-1, IV). Todos os tratamentos proporcionaram sedação e relaxamento muscular. Foram observadas diferenças entre os momentos para o relaxamento da língua (língua VAS mm) e isto foi melhor observado em T7 para o tratamento DD e T5 para o tratamento DS e manteve-se significativamente inferior à linha de base durante todo o tempo avaliado. O presente estudo sugere que a detomidina forneceu sedação adequada em cavalos submetidos ao exame odontológico mas não há necessidade de utilizar o diazepam da forma proposta porque não foi encontrada qualquer diferença entre tratamentos para qualquer variável estudada. A adição de diazepam não melhorou a sedação e nem diminuiu o movimento da língua.
Avanços na farmacoterapia da Insuficiência Cardíaca: os Inibidores do cotransportador sódio-glicose do tipo 2 (SGLT2) como opção terapêutica
Authors: Soares Marcilyo Max Bezerra , Luz Arllen Mara Caminha , Silva Jefferson Noronha Bezerra , Guimarães Leonardo Francisco da Silva , Sousa Daniel Matos de , Silva Edvaldo Lucas da Costa , Martins Italo Rossi Roseno
Published: March 2023

Apesar das opções terapêuticas atualmente disponíveis para a Insuficiência Cardíaca (IC), esta patologia ainda é responsável por altas taxas de morbimortalidade na população. Frente a essas limitações terapêuticas atuais, justifica-se o desenvolvimento de estudos para avaliarem a eficácia de novas drogas na IC, dentre estas os inibidores do cotransportador sódio-glicose do tipo 2 (SGLT2). Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar os benefícios e as limitações dos inibidores SGLT2 no manejo da IC. O presente estudo trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura realizada a partir das bases de dados PubMed e BVS. Analisou-se sete estudos clínicos randomizados controlados por placebo, a partir dos quais verificou-se que os inibidores SGLT2 apresentaram efeito terapêutico promissor, com ação cardioprotetora e renoprotetora, em um amplo espectro da IC, reduzindo o risco de hospitalizações e de mortes por causas cardiovasculares, independente da presença ou ausência de DM2, além de serem seguros e bem tolerados. Portanto, o uso dos Inibidores SGLT2 representa uma alternativa terapêutica adicional eficaz, segura e com potencial de modificar a morbimortalidade da IC.
Aerial hearing thresholds and ecoacoustics of a threatened pursuit-diving seabird, the marbled murrelet Brachyramphus marmoratus
Authors: Smith AB , Kissling M , Capuano AM , Lewis SB , Mooney TA
Published: March 2023

As humans increasingly utilize sensitive coastal areas, diving seabirds like the marbled murrelet Brachyramphus marmoratus face a unique combination of exposure to pervasive anthropogenic sound and acoustically mediated disturbances in terrestrial and marine environments. Despite its threatened status, the sound sensitivities and sensory ecology of this species are unknown, limiting any predictions of the frequencies or sound levels that may induce acoustic impacts. In this study, we measured electrophysiological aerial hearing thresholds for 10 wild individuals captured, sedated, examined inside a field-deployed anechoic chamber and subsequently released. Auditory responses were detected across a 0.5 to 6 kHz frequency range. The median auditory threshold was lowest at 2 kHz (33 dB), while hearing was generally sensitive between 0.75 and 3.8 kHz. B. marmoratus thresholds were elevated compared to other studied alcid species. In-air sensitivities were used to provide an initial prediction of underwater hearing thresholds. To further explore the auditory sensory ecology of this solitary-nesting species, hearing data were also compared to short-term recordings (5 d) of the aerial soundscape of a marbled murrelet nesting habitat. The soundscape contained both abiotic and biotic sounds that contributed to broadband sound levels of 46-55 dB re: 20 µPa rms (0.2-10 kHz). This comparatively quiet habitat enabled relatively frequent detection of anthropogenic sounds within the soundscape. Energy from this acoustic pollution consistently overlapped marbled murrelet sound sensitivities, indicating that the species is susceptible to disturbance from a range of noise types.
Model Inovasi Pelayanan Publik di Kabupaten Sragen Provinsi Jawa Tengah
Authors: Efendi Khasan , Tumija Tumija , Handayani Nur , Rifai Mohammad
Published: March 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui jenis inovasi pelayanan publik melalui model inovasi pelayanan publik dalam bentuk Mal Pelayanan Publik (MPP) dan peran Dinas Penanaman Modal dan Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu Kabupaten Sragen. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif, adapun teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara observasi (pengamatan), interview (wawancara), dan dokumentasi dengan jumlah informan enam orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis inovasi pelayanan publik melelui model inovasi pelayanan dalam bentuk Mal Pelayanan Publik (MPP) yaitu Inovasi produk layanan, inovasi proses layanan, inovasi system layanan, inovasi kebijakan dan metode pelayanan yang diperoleh masyarakat dari pemerintah, BUMN, BUMD dan swasta dapat diperoleh dalam satu pintu untuk semua jenis pelayanan publik, baik melalui OSS (49 jenis pelayanan) maupun melalui Si Pioner (44 jenis pelayanan). Peran Dinas Penanaman Modal dan Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu (DPMPTSP) untuk mewujudkan Mall Pelayanan Publik di Kabupaten Sragen cukup baik. Namun masih terkendala pada kebijakan refocusing anggaran akibat wabah pandemi covid-19, sehingga harus merescedule kembali pembangunanya dan menyesuaikan kemampuan keuangan daerah yang berakibat pada target waktu yang ditetapkan sebelumnya tidak tercapai.Kata Kunci: model, inovasi, pelayanan publik
Tata Kelola Pemerintahan Daerah Yang Inovatif dan Kolaboratif Dimasa Pandemi Covid 19 di Kota Cimahi
Authors: Lubis Bertha
Published: March 2023

Dampak wabah Pandemi covid 19 di Indonesia secara umum telah berdampak kepada semua sector kehidupan masyarakat salah satu sektornya adalah pelayanan Masyarakat dibatasi untuk melakukan kegiatan-kegiatan diruang-ruang publik, dan membatasi ijin operasional perkantoran, serta membatasi pegawai-pegawai yang masuk kantor, hanya diijinkan 50 % dari jumlah pegawai, membuat pelayanan publik, mengalami hambatan, namun Kota Cimahi tidak berhenti dengan melakukan inovasi dan kolaborasi dalam tata kelola pemerintahannya. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui tata kelola pemerintahan daerah yang inovatif dan kolaboratif dimasa pandemi covid 19 dikota Cimahi, hambatan serta upaya untuk mengatasi hambatan tersebut. Metode ysng digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan induktif. Data didapat dari data sekunder dan data primer. Hasil dan simpulan. Sebelum adanya wabah Pandemi Covid 19, pelayanan dilakukan secara tata muka langsung, namun adanya wabah pandemi Covid 19, pelayanan dirubah dengan menggunakan aplikasi secara on-line terkoneksi jaringan internet, pelayanan dalam bentuk on-line dapat dikatakan berhasil, karena adaya kepuasan masyarakat atas pelayanan tersebut . sehingga dapat dijadikan contoh, oleh daerah-daerah lain diprovinsi Jawa Barat, adapun hambatan yang terjadi adalah berupa jaringan, sarana belum memadai dan keterbatasan Sumber Daya Manusia.Kata Kunci : Tata Kelola, Inovatif dan Kolaboratif, Pandemi Covid 19.
Deteksi Kendaraan Truk pada Video Menggunakan Metode Tiny-YOLO v4
Authors: Putra Primasdika Yunia , Arifianto Aji Seto , Fitri Zilvanhisna Emka , Puspitasari Trismayanti Dwi
Published: March 2023

Computer vision mampu meniru kemampuan manusia dalam hal mengenali sesuatu dengan ciri visual, dikarenakan bersifat konsisten. Deteksi kendaraan secara real-time dalam video pengamatan di jalan raya menjadi salah satu topik yang menarik diangkat dalam riset. Mendeteksi truk memiliki tantangan tersendiri karena memiliki kesamaan dimensi dengan bus dan struktur mekanis yang menyerupai pikap. Mendeteksi objek dengan metode YOLO (You Only Look Once) sangat populer. Langkah awal dilakukan percobaan dengan bobot dan model asli YOLO, namun hanya mampu mendeteksi bagian kepala dan bak truk saja, jika ada truk bermuatan maka bounding box tidak berhasil menandainya. Sehingga dilakukan custom dataset dengan cara membuat bounding box untuk seluruh bagian kepala, bak serta truk yang bermuatan. Tiny-YOLO sebagai varian dari YOLO dipilih karena strukturnya lebih sederhana dan kompatibel dengan perangkat low-end hingga high-end. Tiny-YOLO v4diimplementasikan pada 3 perangkat dengan spesifikasi berbeda, menghasilkan akurasi pengujian 98,2% (13FPS) pada perangkat A, 98% (28FPS) pada perangakt B dan 97,5% (38FPS) pada perangkat C. Pengaruh spesifikasi perangkat keras terhadap perolehan FPS yang didapat dan akurasi pendeteksian ditandai dengan perbedaan hasil yang signifikan pada saat pengujian. Semakin tinggi FPS maka semakin menurun akurasi pendeteksian. Untuk perangkat B dan C dengan spesifikasi CPU diatas 3.0 GHz, RAM minimum 16 GB, GPU lebih dari 4GB, dapat menjalankan pendeteksian truk menggunakan Tiny-Yolo v4 secara real-time dengan baik.
Antibacterial Activity of Ethanolic Extract Siwak Stem (Salvadora persica) Against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923
Authors: Nisa’ Nur Sholikhah  , Andang Arif Wibawa  , Rukmana Rizal Maarif
Published: March 2023

Infection is caused by bacteria, one of which is Staphylococcus aureus. Infectious treatment can use Siwak as natural plants (Salvadora persica), namely Siwak plants. Salvadora persica contains Saponins, Alkaloids, Tanins, and Fenols. This study is to know the antibacterial activity of Salvadora persica stems against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 growth. Extraction method using maceration with ethanol as a solvent. The group of extract compounds was identified using various chemical reagents. Salvadora persica stem extract was made in various concentrations of 6,25%, 12,5%, 25%, and 50% by using dimethyl sulfoxide 2% (DMSO) as thinner. Chlorhexidine 0,2% was a positive control, and DMSO 2% was a negative control. Antibacterial activity test was obtained by diffusion method. Analysis data used way ANOVA test. The results ethanolic extract of the siwak stem contains a class of compounds: saponins, alkaloids, tannins, and phenols. The result showed that Salvadora persica stem extracts antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Antibacterial activity test against Staphylococcus aureus from laboratory culture showed an average of largest inhibition zone diameter on 50% concentration with 20,5 mm diameter and smallest inhibition zone at 6,25% concentration with 14 mm diameter.
Relationship Between Bird Communities and Environmental Changes in Tandung Village, Tinambung District, Polewali Mandar Regency, West Sulawesi Province
Authors: Putera Alexander Kurniawan Sariyanto , Phika Ainnadya Hasan  , Muhammad Rizaldi Trias Jaya Putra Nurdin
Published: March 2023

Indonesia's coastal region is known for its richness and diverse natural resources. However, the region is experiencing a transformation from mangrove ecosystems to the traditional pond cultures. This was happening in West Sulawesi that could damage the ecosystem in the long term, especially for the bird community. This study aims to inventory bird species in the bird community on the coast of Tandung Village, Tinambung District, Polewali Mandar Regency, West Sulawesi Province. In addition, we also study the bird community structure, find out the correlation among the bird communities, and the environmental condition during the inventory. In this study, we used a fixed-radius point count method to record birds. Field guide titled Burung-burung Pulau Paparan Sunda dan Wallacea di Kepulauan Indonesia was used to identify the species of observed birds. The results showed that of the 27 species recorded, there are 5 species with a high relative abundance, such as Egretta garzetta, Himantopus leucocephalus, Actitis hypoleucos, Ardeola speciosa, and Calidris ruficollis. Only H. leucocephalus is identified as a protected bird by the Indonesian government, while Calidris ruficollis is protected internationally as its conservational status (Near Threatened). The diversity index is moderate level, but it is decreasing day by day of observation, followed by the dominance index, evenness, and species richness. A high correlation between the two bird communities with two adjacent days of observation indicates similarity composition of community structure with different temporal scales and similar spatial scales. The map of environmental conditions shows changing weather in the period of observation sequentially from bright sky to cloudy and heavy rain and back to the normal bright sky at the last period of observation. The response of the bird community to the condition was by flying away when the weather is cloudy and rainy so that may decrease the diversity.
Development of a functional human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived nociceptor MEA system as a pain model for analgesic drug testing
Authors: Nimbalkar Siddharth , Guo Xiufang , Colón Alisha , Jackson Max , Akanda Nesar , Patel Aakash , Grillo Marcella , Hickman James J.
Published: March 2023

The control of severe or chronic pain has relied heavily on opioids and opioid abuse and addiction have recently become a major global health crisis. Therefore, it is imperative to develop new pain therapeutics which have comparable efficacy for pain suppression but lack of the harmful effects of opioids. Due to the nature of pain, any in vivo experiment is undesired even in animals. Recent developments in stem cell technology has enabled the differentiation of nociceptors from human induced pluripotent stem cells. This study sought to establish an in vitro functional induced pluripotent stem cells-derived nociceptor culture system integrated with microelectrode arrays for nociceptive drug testing. Nociceptors were differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells utilizing a modified protocol and a medium was designed to ensure prolonged and stable nociceptor culture. These neurons expressed nociceptor markers as characterized by immunocytochemistry and responded to the exogenous toxin capsaicin and the endogenous neural modulator ATP, as demonstrated with patch clamp electrophysiology. These cells were also integrated with microelectrode arrays for analgesic drug testing to demonstrate their utilization in the preclinical drug screening process. The neural activity was induced by ATP to mimic clinically relevant pathological pain and then the analgesics Lidocaine and the opioid DAMGO were tested individually and both induced immediate silencing of the nociceptive activity. This human-based functional nociceptive system provides a valuable platform for investigating pathological pain and for evaluating effective analgesics in the search of opioid substitutes.
Dissection of the catalytic and regulatory structure-function relationships of Csk protein tyrosine kinase
Authors: Sun Gongqin , Ayrapetov Marina K.
Published: March 2023

Protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) are a large enzyme family that regulates many cellular processes. The key to their broad role in signaling is their tunable substrate specificity and regulatory mechanisms that allow each to respond to appropriate regulatory signals and phosphorylate the correct physiological protein substrates. Thus, in addition to the general PTK catalytic platform, each PTK acquires unique structural motifs that confer a unique combination of catalytic and regulatory properties. Understanding the structural basis for these properties is essential for understanding and manipulating the PTK-based signaling networks in normal and cancer cells. C-terminal Src kinase (Csk) and its homolog, Csk-homologous kinase (Chk), phosphorylate Src family kinases on a C-terminal Tyr residue and negatively regulate their kinase activity. While this regulatory function is biologically essential, Csk and Chk have also been excellent model PTKs for dissecting the structural basis of PTK catalysis and regulation. In this article, we review the structure-function studies of Csk and Chk that shed light on the regulatory and catalytic mechanisms of protein tyrosine kinases in general.
A fluorescent probe to simultaneously detect both O-GlcNAcase and phosphatase
Authors: Boo Jihyeon , Lee Jongwon , Kim Young-Hyun , Lee Chang-Hee , Ku Bonsu , Shin Injae
Published: March 2023

O-GlcNAc modification of proteins often has crosstalk with protein phosphorylation. These posttranslational modifications are highly dynamic events that modulate a wide range of cellular processes. Owing to the physiological and pathological significance of protein O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation, we designed the fluorescent probe, βGlcNAc-CM-Rhod-P, to differentially detect activities of O-GlcNAcase (OGA) and phosphatase, enzymes that are responsible for these modifications. βGlcNAc-CM-Rhod-P was comprised of a βGlcNAc-conjugated coumarin (βGlcNAc-CM) acting as an OGA substrate, a phosphorylated rhodol (Rhod-P) as a phosphatase substrate and a piperazine bridge. Because the emission wavelength maxima of CM and Rhod liberated from the probe are greatly different (100 nm), spectral interference is avoided. The results of this study revealed that treatment of βGlcNAc-CM-Rhod-P with OGA promotes formation of the GlcNAc-cleaved probe, CM-Rhod-P, and a consequent increase in the intensity of fluorescence associated with free CM. Also, it was found that exposure of the probe to phosphatase produces a dephosphorylated probe, βGlcNAc-CM-Rhod, which displays strong fluorescence arising from free Rhod. On the other hand, when incubated with both OGA and phosphatase, βGlcNAc-CM-Rhod-P was converted to CM-Rhod which lacked both βGlcNAc and phosphoryl groups, in conjunction with increases in the intensities of fluorescence arising from both free CM and Rhod. This probe was employed to detect activities of OGA and phosphatase in cell lysates and to fluorescently image both enzymes in cells. Collectively, the findings indicate that βGlcNAc-CM-Rhod-P can be utilized as a chemical tool to simultaneously determine activities of OGA and phosphatase.
Intestine microbiota and SCFAs response in naturally Cryptosporidium-infected plateau yaks
Authors: Dong Hailong , Chen Xiushuang , Zhao Xiaoxiao , Zhao Chenxi , Mehmood Khalid , Kulyar Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam , Bhutta Zeeshan Ahmad , Zeng Jiangyong , Nawaz Shah , Wu Qingxia , Li Kun
Published: March 2023

Diarrhea is a severe bovine disease, globally prevalent in farm animals with a decrease in milk production and a low fertility rate. Cryptosporidium spp. are important zoonotic agents of bovine diarrhea. However, little is known about microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) changes in yaks infected with Cryptosporidium spp. Therefore, we performed 16S rRNA sequencing and detected the concentrations of SCFAs in Cryptosporidium-infected yaks. Results showed that over 80,000 raw and 70,000 filtered sequences were prevalent in yak samples. Shannon (p<0.01) and Simpson (p<0.01) were both significantly higher in Cryptosporidium-infected yaks. A total of 1072 amplicon sequence variants were shared in healthy and infected yaks. There were 11 phyla and 58 genera that differ significantly between the two yak groups. A total of 235 enzymes with a significant difference in abundance (p<0.001) were found between healthy and infected yaks. KEGG L3 analysis discovered that the abundance of 43 pathways was significantly higher, while 49 pathways were significantly lower in Cryptosporidium-infected yaks. The concentration of acetic acid (p<0.05), propionic acid (p<0.05), isobutyric acid (p<0.05), butyric acid (p<0.05), and isovaleric acid was noticeably lower in infected yaks, respectively. The findings of the study revealed that Cryptosporidium infection causes gut dysbiosis and results in a significant drop in the SCFAs concentrations in yaks with severe diarrhea, which may give new insights regarding the prevention and treatment of diarrhea in livestock.
The association between arterial stiffness and cancer occurrence: Data from Kailuan cohort study
Authors: Jiang Yinong , Xing Aijun , Hidru Tesfaldet Habtemariam , Li Jiatian , Yang Xiaolei , Chen Shuohua , Xia Yun-Long , Wu Shouling
Published: March 2023

Background

This study aimed to investigate whether increased arterial stiffness, measured by brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) is associated with cancer.

Materials and methods

A total of 45,627 Chinese adults underwent a baPWV examination. The participants were followed up from 1st January 2012 to 31st December 2018. Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the association between the baPWV values and cancer.

Results

During a total follow-up duration of 172,775.69 person-years, there were 553 new cases of cancer. The subjects in the highest baPWV group showed an increased risk of cancer when compared with the lowest baPWV group as confirmed by multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.14∼2.00) in the entire cohort. Compared with participants in the lowest baPWV group, the HRs (95% CI) for digestive cancer in the second and third groups were 1.55 (1.00∼2.40) and 1.99 (1.19∼3.33), respectively. The Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated a significant increase in cancer in participants with a baPWV ≥ 18 m/s (P < 0.001). Compared with the lowest baPWV group, the highest baPWV group showed an increased risk of cancer in men (HR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.22∼2.43) and those < 60 years (HR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.20∼2.55), respectively.

Conclusion

Increased arterial stiffness measured by baPWV is associated with cancer occurrence, especially digestive cancer occurrence.

Clinical trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier ChiCTR-TNRC-11001489.
Building a comprehensive cardiovascular magnetic resonance exam on a commercial 0.55 T system: A pictorial essay on potential applications
Authors: Varghese Juliet , Jin Ning , Giese Daniel , Chen Chong , Liu Yingmin , Pan Yue , Nair Nikita , Shalaan Mahmoud T. , Khan Mahmood , Tong Matthew S. , Ahmad Rizwan , Han Yuchi , Simonetti Orlando P.
Published: March 2023

Background

Contemporary advances in low-field magnetic resonance imaging systems can potentially widen access to cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging. We present our initial experience in building a comprehensive CMR protocol on a commercial 0.55 T system with a gradient performance of 26 mT/m amplitude and 45 T/m/s slew rate. To achieve sufficient image quality, we adapted standard imaging techniques when possible, and implemented compressed-sensing (CS) based techniques when needed in an effort to compensate for the inherently low signal-to-noise ratio at lower field strength.

Methods

A prototype CMR exam was built on an 80 cm, ultra-wide bore commercial 0.55 T MR system. Implementation of all components aimed to overcome the inherently lower signal of low-field and the relatively longer echo and repetition times owing to the slower gradients. CS-based breath-held and real-time cine imaging was built utilizing high acceleration rates to meet nominal spatial and temporal resolution recommendations. Similarly, CS 2D phase-contrast cine was implemented for flow. Dark-blood turbo spin echo sequences with deep learning based denoising were implemented for morphology assessment. Magnetization-prepared single-shot myocardial mapping techniques incorporated additional source images. CS-based dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging was implemented for myocardial perfusion and 3D MR angiography. Non-contrast 3D MR angiography was built with electrocardiogram-triggered, navigator-gated magnetization-prepared methods. Late gadolinium enhanced (LGE) tissue characterization methods included breath-held segmented and free-breathing single-shot imaging with motion correction and averaging using an increased number of source images. Proof-of-concept was demonstrated through porcine infarct model, healthy volunteer, and patient scans.

Results

Reasonable image quality was demonstrated for cardiovascular structure, function, flow, and LGE assessment. Low-field afforded utilization of higher flip angles for cine and MR angiography. CS-based techniques were able to overcome gradient speed limitations and meet spatial and temporal resolution recommendations with imaging times comparable to higher performance scanners. Tissue mapping and perfusion imaging require further development.

Conclusion

We implemented cardiac applications demonstrating the potential for comprehensive CMR on a novel commercial 0.55 T system. Further development and validation studies are needed before this technology can be applied clinically.
A chatbot-based intervention with ELME to improve stress and health-related parameters in a stressed sample: Study protocol of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Schillings C. , Meissner D. , Erb B. , Schultchen D. , Bendig E. , Pollatos O.
Published: March 2023

Background

Stress levels in the general population had already been increasing in recent years, and have subsequently been exacerbated by the global pandemic. One approach for innovative online-based interventions are “chatbots” – computer programs that can simulate a text-based interaction with human users via a conversational interface. Research on the efficacy of chatbot-based interventions in the context of mental health is sparse. The present study is designed to investigate the effects of a three-week chatbot-based intervention with the chatbot ELME, aiming to reduce stress and to improve various health-related parameters in a stressed sample.

Methods

In this multicenter, two-armed randomised controlled trial with a parallel design, a three-week chatbot-based intervention group including two daily interactive intervention sessions via smartphone (á 10–20 min.) is compared to a treatment-as-usual control group. A total of 130 adult participants with a medium to high stress levels will be recruited in Germany. Assessments will take place pre-intervention, post-intervention (after three weeks), and follow-up (after six weeks). The primary outcome is perceived stress. Secondary outcomes include self-reported interoceptive accuracy, mindfulness, anxiety, depression, personality, emotion regulation, psychological well-being, stress mindset, intervention credibility and expectancies, affinity for technology, and attitudes towards artificial intelligence. During the intervention, participants undergo ecological momentary assessments. Furthermore, satisfaction with the intervention, the usability of the chatbot, potential negative effects of the intervention, adherence, potential dropout reasons, and open feedback questions regarding the chatbot are assessed post-intervention.

Discussion

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first chatbot-based intervention addressing interoception, as well as in the context with the target variables stress and mindfulness. The design of the present study and the usability of the chatbot were successfully tested in a previous feasibility study. To counteract a low adherence of the chatbot-based intervention, a high guidance by the chatbot, short sessions, individual and flexible time points of the intervention units and the ecological momentary assessments, reminder messages, and the opportunity to postpone single units were implemented.

Trial registration

The trial is registered at the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform via the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00027560; date of registration: 06 January 2022). This is protocol version No. 1. In case of important protocol modifications, trial registration will be updated.
Geomorphological characteristics and the kinematic process of the Ganheba rock–ice avalanche in Yulong Mountain, China
Authors: Chen Ruichen , Chen Jian , Shi Lulu , Cui Zhijiu , Chen Song
Published: March 2023

Rock–ice avalanches have increased in recent years due to global warming. On 12 March 2004, a massive failure of rock mass (9.1×106 m3) originated on the south slope of Yulong Mountain in Yunnan Province and eventually formed the Ganheba rock–ice avalanche, with an H/L ratio of 0.4. In this study, the geomorphological characteristics, sedimentary characteristics, and emplacement process of the Ganheba rock–ice avalanche were analyzed based on remote sensing interpretation, field investigation, and 2D discrete element modeling. This study suggests that long-term effects, including historical seismic effects and freeze–thaw action, were the key factors in the occurrence of this landslide. Interesting landforms and sedimentary structures found in this case, such as lateral ridges, superelevation, and boat rocks, were used to explain the characteristics of the velocity and the thinning spreading process of the avalanche mass. The numerical simulation further revealed that the entire movement of this rock–ice avalanche lasted about 105 s, with a maximum front velocity of 82 m/s. The underlying substrate rather than the ice is considered to have contributed to the hypermobility of the Ganheba rock–ice avalanche. The developed fissures, complex topography, and basal friction were determined to control the progressive fragmentation in this case. Meanwhile, the kinematic process of the Ganheba rock–ice avalanche was divided into four stages: failure and acceleration, collision deceleration, deceleration spreading, and deformation. The findings of this study contribute to an understanding of the evolution of glacier-related hazards in the high-mountain region.
Regression analysis of air pollution and pediatric respiratory diseases based on interpretable machine learning
Authors: Ji Yan , Zhi Xiefei , Wu Ying , Zhang Yanqiu , Yang Yitong , Peng Ting , Ji Luying
Published: March 2023

Air pollution is of high relevance to human health. In this study, multiple machine-learning (ML) models—linear regression, random forest (RF), AdaBoost, and neural networks (NNs)—were used to explore the potential impacts of air-pollutant concentrations on the incidence of pediatric respiratory diseases in Taizhou, China. A number of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) methods were further applied to analyze the model outputs and quantify the feature importance. Our results demonstrate that there are significant seasonal variations both in the numbers of pediatric respiratory outpatients and the concentrations of air pollutants. The concentrations of NO2, CO, and particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), as well as the numbers of outpatients, reach their peak values in the winter. This indicates that air pollution is a major factor in pediatric respiratory diseases. The results of the regression models show that ML methods can capture the trends and turning points of clinic visits, and the non-linear models were superior to the linear ones. Among them, the RF model served as the best-performing model. The analysis on the RF model by XAI found that AQI, O3, PM10, and the current month are the most important predictors affecting the numbers of pediatric respiratory outpatients. This shows that the number of outpatients rises with an increasing AQI, especially with the increasing of particulate matter. Our study indicates that ML models with XAI methods are promising for revealing the underlying impacts of air pollution on the pediatric respiratory diseases, which further assists the health-related decision-making.
Construction of high-resolution precipitation dataset and its implication to drought over the Tianshan Mountains, China
Authors: Li Xiaoqian , He Xinlin , Li Xiaolong , Du Yongjun , Yang Guang , Tian Hao , Yu Jiawen
Published: March 2023

Understanding the drought characteristics of mountainous areas in northwest China with sparse rainfall stations requires high precision, as well as high-resolution precipitation data. Considering the spatial relationship of precipitation and environmental factors, this study downscales Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) and Multi-Source Weighted-Ensemble Precipitation (MSWEP) based on the geographically weighted regression (GWR) and multi-scale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) models integrated with interpolation. A high-resolution (1 km×1 km) precipitation dataset during 1979–2020 is reconstructed in the Tianshan Mountains, and the drought characteristics are analyzed by using the optimal dataset. The results show that: 1) Compared with GWR, MGWR model has higher downscaling accuracy; 2) The optimal MSWEP downscaling dataset (CC = 0.93, |BIAS| = 0.48%) compared to GPM (CC = 0.81, |BIAS| = 1.87%) is closer to the observed precipitation; 3) In the past 40 years, 71% and 9% of the Tianshan Mountains show significant wetting and drying trends respectively, and 16 drought events are identified. 4) The West subregion of the Tianshan Mountains is characterized by low frequency, long duration and high severity of drought events. The characteristics of the East are opposite to those of the West. Occasional extreme drought events occur in the North and South. This paper provides data support and method reference for the study of water-vapor balance and regional ecohydrological process in the arid area of Northwest China.
Influence of coalification on pore structure evolution in middle-ranked coals
Authors: Zhou Xuejiao , Hou Haihai , Li Heng
Published: March 2023

The influence of coalification on coal structure evolution in middle ranked coals is significant for physical assessment of coalbed methane (CBM) reservoirs, which provides insights on the intrinsic connection between coalification jump and pore heterogeneity. A total of 26 middle-ranked coals were samples covering Liupanshui Coalfield in Guizhou Province, Anhe Coalfield in Henan Province, Huaibei Coalfield in Anhui Province, Sanjiang Basin in Heilongjiang Province, Ordos Basin in Shaanxi Province and Qinshui Basin in Shanxi Province. Based on a series of experiments including vitrinite reflectance, coal maceral identification, nitrogen adsorption and the pore fractal method, the inner link between physical property parameters of coal reservoirs and coal rank was revealed. The results show that the coal maceral in middle rank coals is dominated by vitrinite and inertinite and two types of adsorption pores are divided according to the nitrogen adsorption/desorption curves along with pore size distribution. The specific surface area is positively correlated with total pore volume, micropore volume and negatively correlated with averaged pore size and transitional pore volume. The coal samples with low average pore sizes have relatively high total pore volume, specific surface area and micropore volume per unit nm. With the increase of coal rank, the fluctuating points of micropore and transitional pore volume correspond to 1.16%–1.19%, 1.41%–1.43% and 1.86%–1.91% of Ro, max, respectively. The boundary of Ro, maxcorresponding to the second coalification jump can be more specifically defined as 1.16%–1.19% from the established nominal range of 1.1%–1.3%. The pore fractal dimension DNA1and DNA2increase with increasing specific surface area. Furthermore, the DNA2has a negative correlation with micropore volume and averaged pore size, indicating that the coal with smaller average pore diameter and lower micropore content has a more complex pore structure.
The prevalence of depression among parents of children/adolescents with type 1 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Zhichao , Wang Jing , Carru Ciriaco , Coradduzza Donatella , Li Zhi
Published: March 2023

Background

Emerging research indicates that depression among parents of children/adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has increased significantly. However, the prevalence rates reported by different studies vary substantially.

Methods

Seven databases were systematically searched (Pubmed, Embase, MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PsycInfo) from the inception to 15th October 2022. We pooled prevalence rates from each study with a random-effect model. We conducted a stratified meta-analysis to identify the potential sources of heterogeneity among studies. The GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations) approach was utilized to evaluate the quality of evidence.

Results

Twenty-two studies were included, with a total of 4639 parents living with type 1 diabetic children. Overall, the pooled prevalence rate of depression or depressive symptoms was 22.4% (95%CI 17.2% to 28.7%; I2 = 96.8%). The prevalence was higher among mothers (31.5%) than fathers (16.3%) as well as parents of children (aged < 12 years) with T1DM (32.3%) than those with adolescents (aged ≥ 12 years) (16.0%).

Conclusion

Our research suggests that more than 1 in 5 parents of type 1 diabetic children/adolescents worldwide suffer from depression or depressive symptom. Depression screening and interventions are required for parents of children with T1DM.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier (CRD42022368702).
A large-scale screening and functional sorting of tumour microenvironment prognostic genes for breast cancer patients
Authors: Xiao Bo , Li Mingwei , Cui Mingxuan , Yin Chengliang , Zhang Bo
Published: March 2023

Purpose

The aim of this study was to systematically establish a comprehensive tumour microenvironment (TME)-relevant prognostic gene and target miRNA network for breast cancer patients.

Methods

Based on a large-scale screening of TME-relevant prognostic genes (760 genes) for breast cancer patients, the prognostic model was established. The primary TME prognostic genes were selected from the constructing database and verified in the testing database. The internal relationships between the potential TME prognostic genes and the prognosis of breast cancer patients were explored in depth. The associated miRNAs for the TME prognostic genes were generated, and the functions of each primary TME member were investigated in the breast cancer cell line.

Results

Compared with sibling controls, breast cancer patients showed 55 differentially expressed TME prognostic genes, of which 31 were considered as protective genes, while the remaining 24 genes were considered as risk genes. According to the lambda values of the LASSO Cox analysis, the 15 potential TME prognostic genes were as follows: ENPEP, CCDC102B, FEZ1, NOS2, SCG2, RPLP2, RELB, RGS3, EMP1, PDLIM4, EPHA3, PCDH9, VIM, GFI1, and IRF1. Among these, there was a remarkable linear internal relationship for CCDC102B but non-linear relationships for others with breast cancer patient prognosis. Using the siRNA technique, we silenced the expression of each TME prognostic gene. Seven of the 15 TME prognostic genes (NOS2, SCG2, RGS3, EMP1, PDLIM4, PCDH9, and GFI1) were involved in enhancing cell proliferation, destroying cell apoptosis, promoting cell invasion, or migration in breast cancer. Six of them (CCDC102B, RPLP2, RELB, EPHA3, VIM, and IRF1) were favourable for maintaining cell invasion or migration. Only two of them (ENPEP and FEZ1) were favourable for the processes of cell proliferation and apoptosis.

Conclusions

This integrated study hypothesised an innovative TME-associated genetic functional network for breast cancer patients. The external relationships between these TME prognostic genes and the disease were measured. Meanwhile, the internal molecular mechanisms were also investigated.