The Laws of Reflection and Refraction of Light Waves within the Framework of a New Interpretation of Ballistic Photons
Authors:   Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Transport Technologies and Mechanical Engineering, Ukraine, Nastasenko Valentyn 
Published: February 2025

The work relates to the fundamentals of quantum physics and photonics, in particular to the formation of processes of reflection, refraction and absorption
of waves of ballistic photons. The study of these problems is an important and urgent task for understanding the foundations of the material world, which
has not yet been fully resolved. An important property of ballistic photons is their motion in a straight line, which can be curved under the action of physical
fields on the photons and the parameters of the medium of their motion. However, if external factors remain constant, their motion continues in a straight
line, which allows us to apply the laws of geometric optics to them. The fundamentals of the geometric wave laws of reflection and refraction of light are laid
down of the Young and Fresnel. However, they used sinusoidal waves similar to transverse waves in the of musical strings, which contradicts the motion
of spherical waves of ballistic photons. Elimination of these shortcomings is the main goal of the work, and its scientific novelty is the substantiation and
development of new geometric models of light motion.
Research Methods: Since this work has the level of scientific discovery, for finding which strict methods have not yet been created, therefore, general
principles of development of the theory of scientific knowledge were used, based on the laws of dialectics and consistency with the basic laws of physics.
The author's research methodology was also used, based on the transition to the initial quantum level of the material world.
New Results of the Work and their Discussion: It is shown that the first point of contact of photon waves lies on the unified normal to their spherical
surface and the contact surface. This shifts the real normal of wave reflection relative to the traditional normal from the point of intersection of the axis
of the tube of incident waves with the surface of reflection by the value of -Δ = λmax sin α. The real axis of reflection of spherical waves is associated with
the crests most distant from the initial point of their reflection. When photon waves are refractional, their total deviation is formed from the last point
of their incidence on the refraction surface. This shifts the real point of the normal of wave refraction relative to the traditional normal from the point of
intersection of the axis of the tube of incident waves with the surface of reflection by the value of +Δ = λmax sin α. Geometric models of all these processes
at different angles of incidence of photon waves are developed and their simplified schemes are given.
Conclusions: The proposed models and schemes of reflection and refraction of spherical photon waves significantly clarify and change previously known
schemes and do not contradict the real laws of physics and optics, therefore they have the level of scientific discoveries and should replace previously known
processes and schemes.