bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design of the control and remote monitoring energy system based on an embedded biomass boiler
Authors: Ye Cheng , Xu Wei , Jiang Yongcheng , Mu Zhimin , Cui Zhongxu , Wu Hongyu , Liu Shuai
Published: July 2024

Traditional biomass boiler operations predominantly rely on manual control, with adjustments made based on operator experience. This approach not only demands considerable manpower but also leads to suboptimal resource utilization. Addressing the specific operational dynamics of biomass boilers, this study introduces a controller designed around the STM32 microcontroller. This device employs a modular architecture and incorporates cost-effective chips and peripheral components. To enhance energy efficiency and the overall user experience, the controller utilizes pulse width modulation pulse modulation alongside a fuzzy PID control strategy. Capable of toggling between manual and automatic modes for local operations, it also supports data logging directly on the device or in the cloud. Tailored to meet diverse user requirements, the controller facilitates remote monitoring and management. It employs a strategic control mechanism for various motors, ensuring precise hot water temperature measurements within the boiler and enabling data uploads to cloud platforms. This not only conserves energy and reduces labor costs but also promotes environmental sustainability and operational efficiency. Through ongoing refinement and rigorous testing, the controller has achieved a level of maturity that underscores its readiness for widespread implementation.
The digital transformation, funding constraints, and the green innovation of transportation companies
Authors: Xuqian Wen
Published: July 2024

Facing increasingly pressing environmental issues, driving green transformation through innovation has become a necessary path for the future development of companies. Empirical analysis based on the sample of listed companies in the transportation sector in China from 2011 to 2021 reveals that digital transformation in transportation companies can promote green innovation. Furthermore, the impact of digital transformation on green innovation is sustained, with the lagged effect of digital transformation having a greater influence on green innovation than the current effect. The study also discovers the presence of a mediating effect of financing constraints between digital transformation and green innovation. Further research, using the promulgation of the Digital Transportation Development Plan Outline in 2017 as a quasi-natural experiment, employs the difference-in-differences method to verify the impact of the policy on green innovation in transportation companies before and after its implementation. The results demonstrate the introduction of digital policies contributes to promoting green innovation in companies. Economic consequences research suggests that green innovation can effectively reduce carbon emissions intensity. With the goal of the “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality” strategy, actively promoting the integration of digitalization and green innovation is crucial for enhancing the sustainable development of transportation companies.
Genome-wide association identifies genomic regions influencing fillet color in Northwest Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar Linnaeus 1758)
Authors: Langille Barbara L. , Sae-Lim Panya , Boison Solomon , Wiper Philip G. , Garber Amber F.
Published: July 2024

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is an important source of food globally; however, fillet color can significantly affect consumer purchasing, leading to potential food waste. Fish diets can be supplemented with astaxanthin to increase the organic pigment, carotenoid, responsible for flesh coloration; however, there is variation in the amount of overall fillet coloration in response to feeding astaxanthin. The uptake of this pigment is influenced by the environment and genetics and has been shown to be heritable. Therefore, we set out to determine the genomic associations of two separate year classes of farmed North American Atlantic salmon with measured Minolta Chroma Meter (lightness, redness, and yellowness) and SalmoFan phenotypic traits. Using ASReml-R genome-wide association, two genetic markers on chromosome 26 were significantly associated with almost all color traits, and these two markers explained between 6.0% and 12.5% of the variances. The genomic region on chromosome 26 was importantly found to be associated with the beta-carotene oxygenase 1 (bco1) gene, which is essential in the conversion of beta-carotenoids to vitamin A, implying that this gene may also play an important role in flesh coloration in North American Atlantic salmon. Additionally, there were several genomic regions significantly associated with color traits, in which the accompanying genes had functions in line with thermogenesis, immune function, and pathogenic responses. Understanding how environmental and genetic factors work together to affect fillet quality traits will help inform genetic improvement.
Association between personality traits, eating behaviors, and the genetic polymorphisms FTO-rs9939609 and MAO-A 30 bp u-VNTR with obesity in Mexican Mayan children
Authors: Vázquez-Pérez Luis Alberto , Hattori-Hara Mónica , Arankowsky-Sandoval Gloria , Pérez-Mendoza Gerardo , Rubi-Castellanos Rodrigo , Rangel-Méndez Jorge Aarón , Pinto-Escalante Doris , Canto-Cetina Thelma , González-Herrera Lizbeth
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Genetic variants that control dopamine have been associated with obesity in children through loss of control of satiety and impulses, the manifestation of addictive eating behaviors, and specific personality traits. The variants include FTO-rs9939609 and the MAO-A 30 pb u-VNTR low-transcription alleles (LTA).

Objective

To evaluate the genetic association of FTO-rs9939609 and the MAO-A LTA, along with personality traits and eating behavior with obesity in Mayan children from Mexico.

Methods

We cross-sectionally evaluated 186 children (70 with obesity and 116 with normal weight) 6–12 years old from Yucatan, Mexico. Nutritional status was defined with body mass index (BMI) percentiles. Personality traits were evaluated with the Conners and TMCQ tests; eating behavior was evaluated with the CEBQ test. Genotyping with real-time PCR and TaqMan probes was used for FTO-rs9939609, whereas PCR amplification was used for MAO-A u-VNTR.

Results

High-intensity pleasure (p = 0.013) and moderate appetite (p = 0.032) differed according to nutritional status. Heterozygous FTO-rs9939609 T/A children showed higher mean scores of low-intensity pleasure (p = 0.002) and moderate appetite (p = 0.027) than homozygous T/T. Hemizygous boys having MAO-A LTA showed significantly higher mean scores of anxiety (p = 0.001) and impulsivity (p = 0.008). In multivariate models, only LTA alleles of MAO-A explained obesity in boys (OR = 4.44; 95% CI = 1.18–16.63).

Conclusion

In the present study, MAO-A u-VNTR alleles were associated with obesity in multivariate models only in boys. These alleles might also have a role in personality traits such as anxiety and impulsivity, which secondly contribute to developing obesity in Mayan boys.
Exploring the causal relationship: bidirectional mendelian randomization study on benign prostatic hyperplasia and cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Xiang Nanyan , Su Shiqi , Wang Zeng , Yang Yong , Chen Boxi , Shi Rui , Zheng Tao , Liao Banghua , Lin Yifei , Huang Jin
Published: July 2024

Background

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common disease occurring in elderly and middle-aged men, and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the major causes of death worldwide. Many observational studies examined have found a strong association between BPH and CVDs, but the causal relationship between them is unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the causal relationship between BPH and CVDs, specifically five diseases: stroke, coronary heart disease (CHD), heart failure, myocardial infarction (MI), and atrial fibrillation (AF).

Methods

In this study, we obtained single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of patients with BPH from the UK Biobank database and patients with CVDs from the UK Biobank, the HERMES Consortium, and the FinnGen Genome Database, each used as a genetic tool for a Mendelian randomization (MR) study. We used conventional MR analysis to assess potential causal direction between BPH and CVDs, as well as MR-Egger, MR-PRESSO, model-based estimation (MBE) and weighted median methods for sensitivity analysis.

Results

Using a bidirectional two-sample MR study, we found that BPH patients had an increased risk of developing CHD (ConMix OR = 1.152, 95% CI: 1.011–1.235, p = 0.035) and MI (ConMix OR = 1.107.95% CI: 1.022–1.164, p = 0.013), but a decreased risk of stroke (ConMix OR = 0.872, 95% CI: 0.797–0.926, p = 0.002). The reverse study was not statistically significant and further research may be needed.

Conclusion

Our study suggests a potential causal relationship between BPH and CVDs. BPH appears to be a risk factor for CHD and MI, but it may be protective against stroke. There was no evidence of a causal association in the reverse study, and a larger sample size was needed in follow-up to further explore the potential association.
CD47;Rag2;IL-2rγ triple knock-out mice pre-conditioning with busulfan could be a novel platform for generating hematopoietic stem cells engrafted humanized mice
Authors: Kim Kang-Hyun , Lee Sang-wook , Baek In-Jeoung , Song Hye-Young , Jo Seon-Ju , Ryu Je-Won , Ryu Seung-Hee , Seo Jin-Hee , Kim Jong-Choon , Heo Seung-Ho
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Humanized mouse models to recapitulate human biological systems still have limitations, such as the onset of lethal graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), a variable success rate, and the low accessibility of total body irradiation (TBI). Recently, mice modified with the CD47-SIRPA axis have been studied to improve humanized mouse models. However, such trials have been rarely applied in NOD mice. In this study, we created a novel mouse strain, NOD-CD47nullRag2nullIL-2rγnull (RTKO) mice, and applied it to generate humanized mice.

Methods

Four-week-old female NOD-Rag2nullIL-2rγnull (RID) and RTKO mice pre-conditioned with TBI or busulfan (BSF) injection were used for generating human CD34+ hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) engrafted humanized mice. Clinical signs were observed twice a week, and body weight was measured once a week. Flow cytometry for human leukocyte antigens was performed at intervals of four weeks or two weeks, and mice were sacrificed at 48 weeks after HSC injection.

Results

For a long period from 16 to 40 weeks post transplantation, the percentage of hCD45 was mostly maintained above 25% in all groups, and it was sustained the longest and highest in the RTKO BSF group. Reconstruction of human leukocytes, including hCD3, was also most prominent in the RTKO BSF group. Only two mice died before 40 weeks post transplantation in all groups, and there were no life-threatening GvHD lesions except in the dead mice. The occurrence of GvHD has been identified as mainly due to human T cells infiltrating tissues and their related cytokines.

Discussion

Humanized mouse models under all conditions applied in this study are considered suitable models for long-term experiments based on the improvement of human leukocytes reconstruction and the stable animal health. Especially, RTKO mice pretreated with BSF are expected to be a valuable platform not only for generating humanized mice but also for various immune research fields.
Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the HC009 mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Liu Juan , Han Huafeng , Yang Binbin , Zhang Naifang , Li Jing , Chen Xicheng , Wu Jie , Zhao Yingying , Yang Yongsheng
Published: July 2024

With the rapid global spread of COVID-19 and the continuous emergence of variants, there is an urgent need to develop safe and effective vaccines. Here, we developed a novel mRNA vaccine, HC009, based on new formulation by the QTsome delivery platform. Immunogenicity results showed that the prime-boost immunization strategy with HC009 was able to induce robust and durable humoral immunity, as well as Th1-biased cellular responses in rodents or non-human primates (NHPs). After further challenge with live SARS-CoV-2 virus, HC009 provided adequate protection against virus infection in hACE2 transgenic mice. Therefore, HC009 could provide significant immune protection against SARS-CoV-2.
Macrophage polarization and its impact on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Ge Zhouling , Chen Yong , Ma Leikai , Hu Fangjun , Xie Lubin
Published: July 2024

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a lung disease that worsens over time, causing fibrosis in the lungs and ultimately resulting in respiratory failure and a high risk of death. Macrophages play a crucial role in the immune system, showing flexibility by transforming into either pro-inflammatory (M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophages when exposed to different stimuli, ultimately impacting the development of IPF. Recent research has indicated that the polarization of macrophages is crucial in the onset and progression of IPF. M1 macrophages secrete inflammatory cytokines and agents causing early lung damage and fibrosis, while M2 macrophages support tissue healing and fibrosis by releasing anti-inflammatory cytokines. Developing novel treatments for IPF relies on a thorough comprehension of the processes involved in macrophage polarization in IPF. The review outlines the regulation of macrophage polarization and its impact on the development of IPF, with the goal of investigating the possible therapeutic benefits of macrophage polarization in the advancement of IPF.
Assessment of current biomarkers and interventions to identify and treat women at risk of preterm birth
Authors: Gravett Michael G. , Menon Ramkumar , Tribe Rachel M. , Hezelgrave Natasha L. , Kacerovsky Marian , Soma-Pillay Priya , Jacobsson Bo , McElrath Thomas F.
Published: July 2024

Preterm birth remains an important global problem, and an important contributor to under-5 mortality. Reducing spontaneous preterm birth rates at the global level will require the early identification of patients at risk of preterm delivery in order to allow the initiation of appropriate prophylactic management strategies. Ideally these strategies target the underlying pathophysiologic causes of preterm labor. Prevention, however, becomes problematic as the causes of preterm birth are multifactorial and vary by gestational age, ethnicity, and social context. Unfortunately, current screening and diagnostic tests are non-specific, with only moderate clinical risk prediction, relying on the detection of downstream markers of the common end-stage pathway rather than identifying upstream pathway-specific pathophysiology that would help the provider initiate targeted interventions. As a result, the available management options (including cervical cerclage and vaginal progesterone) are used empirically with, at best, ambiguous results in clinical trials. Furthermore, the available screening tests have only modest clinical risk prediction, and fail to identify most patients who will have a preterm birth. Clearly defining preterm birth phenotypes and the biologic pathways leading to preterm birth is key to providing targeted, biomolecular pathway-specific interventions, ideally initiated in early pregnancy Pathway specific biomarker discovery, together with management strategies based on early, mid-, and-late trimester specific markers is integral to this process, which must be addressed in a systematic way through rigorously planned biomarker trials.
Efficacy of autologous micrografts technology: a promising approach for chronic wound healing and tissue regeneration—a pilot study
Authors: Baglioni Elisabetta Adelaide , Perego Franco , Paolin Elisa , Abate Alberto , Pusceddu Tommaso , Zavan Barbara , Bocchiotti Maria Alessandra
Published: July 2024

Introduction

This study explores the efficacy of Autologous Micrografts Technology (AMG) in treating chronic wounds refractory to traditional therapies.

Methods

AMGs, derived from adipose tissue or dermis using a mechanical fragmentation process, were applied to patients with post-surgical dehiscence. A comprehensive evaluation of wound healing outcomes, including surface area reduction and complete healing, was conducted over a 90-day follow-up period. Additionally, the study investigated the cellular antioxidant activity of AMG solutions and characterized the exosomes obtained through mechanical disaggregation.

Results

Results indicate significant improvements (p < 0.05) in wound healing, with 91.66% of patients showing at least a 50% reduction in lesion size and 75% achieving complete healing by day 90. Notably, AMG technology demonstrated immediate efficacy with fat-only application, while combined dermis and fat micrografts showed longer-term benefits, particularly in chronic wounds. The study also elucidated the mechanism of action of AMGs, highlighting their role in enhancing cellular antioxidant activity and exosome-mediated tissue regeneration.

Discussion

Overall, these findings underscore the promising potential of AMG technology as a versatile and effective treatment option for chronic wounds, warranting further investigation into its mechanisms and clinical applications.
Advancements in the interventional therapy and nursing care on deep vein thrombosis in the lower extremities
Authors: Jia Chun-yi , Dai Dan-dan , Bi Xin-yuan , Zhang Xia , Wang Yi-ning
Published: July 2024

This review examines recent advancements in interventional treatments and nursing care for lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT), highlighting significant innovations and their clinical applications. It discusses the transition to novel anticoagulants such as Direct Oral Anticoagulants, which offer a safer profile and simplified management compared to traditional therapies. Mechanical interventions, including balloon angioplasty and venous stenting, are detailed for their roles in improving immediate and long-term vascular function in acute DVT cases. Furthermore, the use of image-guided techniques is presented as essential for enhancing the accuracy and safety of DVT interventions. Additionally, this study outlines advances in nursing care strategies, emphasizing comprehensive preoperative and postoperative evaluations to optimize patient outcomes. These evaluations facilitate tailored treatment plans, crucial for managing the complex needs of DVT patients. Long-term care strategies are also discussed, with a focus on patient education to ensure adherence to treatment protocols and to prevent recurrence. The synthesis aims to inform healthcare professionals about cutting-edge practices in DVT management, promoting a deeper understanding of how these advancements can be integrated into clinical practice. It also underscores the necessity for ongoing research to address challenges such as cost-effectiveness and patient compliance, ensuring that future treatments are both accessible and effective.
Conflict among experts in health recommendations and corresponding public trust in health experts
Authors: Mainous Arch G. , Sharma Pooja , Yin Lu , Wang Ting , Johannes Bobbie L. , Harrell Grant
Published: July 2024

Importance

Public trust in health experts has been decreasing leading to decreased adherence to expert recommendations.

Objective

To evaluate public perceptions of conflict and uncertainty among experts in healthcare recommendations and association with decreased trust in health entities for accurate health information.

Methods

Analysis of the US nationally representative Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS 6–2022). Adults aged 18 and older were respondents to the survey (unweighted n = 5,842, representing 241 million adults). The main outcome was trust in doctors, scientists and government health agencies for health information. Analyses examined trust in experts with public perceptions of conflict about recommendations and changing recommendations.

Results

There was high trust in doctors for health information (95%) versus 84% in scientists and 70% in government health agencies. Only 18% have high trust in the health information on social media. Respondents who felt expert recommendations change often were less likely to have high trust (65%) in government agencies compared to those who felt that the recommendations did not often change (82%) (p < 0.01). In logistic regressions controlling for age, sex, race, education, income and trust in social media for health information perceptions of low conflict among expert health recommendations is associated with likelihood of high trust in government health agencies (OR 2.86; 95% CI 1.96–4.15).

Conclusion

The public has low trust in government health agencies and perceptions of conflict among experts over recommendations is likely playing a role in the erosion of trust in health experts.
A novel assisted reduction method in extra-articular fractures of the distal tibia treated with intramedullary nail
Authors: Liu Jun , Dai Simin , Liu Lijin , Kuang Hailin , Yan Liang , Cai Qiangqiang , Shao Zongzuan , Wei Wenbo , Min Zhihai , Tang Wubing
Published: July 2024

Background

To explore the clinical efficacy and safety of Kirschner wires (KWs) as a blocking screw technique for extra-articular fractures of the distal tibia treated with intramedullary nails (IMNs).

Methods

Fifty-three patients were treated with KW-assisted IMN for extra-articular fractures of the distal tibia via the blocking screw technique or Poller screw (PS) technique. The operation time, number of fluoroscopies, number of blocking screws used, blood loss and time to union were compared between the two groups. Additionally, the functional outcomes of the two groups were compared using range of motion (ROM), visual analog scale (VAS), American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS), and Lysholm scores.

Results

Compared with those in the PS group, the operation time in the KW group was significantly shorter, and the number of fluoroscopy procedures and amount of blood loss during KW surgery were also significantly lower (p = 0.014, 0.001, and 0.036, respectively). Regarding the functional outcomes, there were no significant differences in the ROM, VAS score, AOFAS score or Lysholm score between the two groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

In the treatment of extra-articular fractures of the distal tibia with nails, the use of KW as a blocking screw technique is safe and reliable.
Inside Mycobacterium bovis SB0120 spoligotype circulating in Italy: analysis of the most frequent genotypes by whole genome sequencing
Authors: Scaltriti Erika , Iyad Karaman , Boniotti Maria Beatrice , Menozzi Ilaria , Bolzoni Luca , Ippolito Dorotea , Ciarello Flavia Pruiti , Loda Daniela , D’Incau Mario , Zanoni Mariagrazia , Presti Vincenzo Di Marco Lo , Mazzone Piera , Gavaudan Stefano , Pacciarini Maria Lodovica
Published: July 2024

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a chronic inflammatory disease primarily caused by Mycobacterium bovis. The infection affects domestic animals and wildlife, posing a zoonotic risk to humans. To understand the dynamics of transmission and genetic diversity in Italy’s M. bovis population, we conducted whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysis on two prevalent genotypes, belonging to Spoligotype SB0120, identified in different geographical and temporal contexts. By comparing these genomes with international M. bovis isolates, we identified a distinct clade within the lineage La1.2, encompassing the Italian SB0120 isolates, indicating a genomic segregation of Italian M. bovis from other European isolates. Within Italy, a significant level of genetic variability emerged across regions, while isolates within epidemiologically linked outbreaks exhibited minimal genetic diversity. Additionally, isolates derived from cattle and wild boars within a tuberculosis hotspot in Central Italy and from cattle and black pigs in Sicily formed unified clonal clusters. This indicates the presence of persistent strains circulating in the examined regions. The genetic diversity within herds was limited, as specific clones endured over time within certain herds. This research enhances our comprehension of the epidemiology and transmission patterns of bTB in Italy, thereby aiding the development of precise control strategies and disease management. Using WGS and implementing standardized protocols and databases will be pivotal in combating bTB and promoting One-Health approaches to address this noteworthy public health concern.
Diversity of Trichoderma species associated with the black rot disease of Gastrodia elata, including four new species
Authors: Ye Chuwen , You Yanbo , Li Wenjie , Jing Tingting , Mo Minghe , Qiao Min , Yu Zefen
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Trichoderma species establish symbiotic relationships with plants through both parasitic and mutualistic mechanisms. While some Trichoderma species act as plant pathogenic fungi, others utilize various strategies to protect and enhance plant growth.

Methods

Phylogenetic positions of new species of Trichoderma were determined through multi-gene analysis relying on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the ribosomal DNA, the translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1-α) gene, and the RNA polymerase II (rpb2) gene. Additionally, pathogenicity experiments were conducted, and the aggressiveness of each isolate was evaluated based on the area of the cross-section of the infected site.

Results

In this study, 13 Trichoderma species, including 9 known species and 4 new species, namely, T. delicatum, T. robustum, T. perfasciculatum, and T. subulatum were isolated from the diseased tubers of Gastrodia elata in Yunnan, China. Among the known species, T. hamatum had the highest frequency. T. delicatum belonged to the Koningii clade. T. robustum and T. perfasciculatum were assigned to the Virens clade. T. subulatum emerged as a new member of the Spirale clade. Pathogenicity experiments were conducted on the new species T. robustum, T. delicatum, and T. perfasciculatum, as well as the known species T. hamatum, T. atroviride, and T. harzianum. The infective abilities of different Trichoderma species on G. elata varied, indicating that Trichoderma was a pathogenic fungus causing black rot disease in G. elata.

Discussion

This study provided the morphological characteristics of new species and discussed the morphological differences with phylogenetically proximate species, laying the foundation for research aimed at preventing and managing diseases that affect G. elata.
Identification and characterization of multiple novel picornaviruses in fecal samples of bar-headed goose
Authors: Sun Yijie , Wang Yan , Ji Li , Zhao Qifan , Shen Quan , Wang Xiaochun , Liu Yuwei , Ji Likai , Yang Shixing , Zhang Wen
Published: July 2024

Introduction

The bar-headed goose (Anser indicus), one of the most well-known high-altitude birds, is renowned for its adaptation to high-altitude environments. Previous studies have shown that they can be infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza; however, there is currently limited research on other viruses in bar-headed geese.

Methods

In this study, 10 fecal samples of healthy bar-headed geese were collected, and viral metagenomics method was conducted to identify novel picornaviruses.

Results

Seven novel picornaviruses were identified in the fecal samples of bar-headed geese. Most of these picornaviruses were genetically different from other currently known viruses in the NCBI dataset. Among them, PICV4 was determined to be a new species belonging to the Anativirus genus, PICV5 and PICV13 were classified as novel species belonging to the Hepatovirus genus, and the remaining four picornaviruses (PICV1, PICV19, PICV21, and PICV22) were identified as part of the Megrivirus A species of the Megrivirus genus. Recombinant analysis indicates that PICV21 was a potential recombinant, and the major and minor parents were PICV1 and PICV22, respectively.

Conclusion

The findings of this study increase our understanding of the diversity of picornaviruses in bar-headed geese and provide practical viral genome information for the prevention and treatment of potential viral diseases affecting this species.
Comprehensive proteomic characterization of urethral stricture disease in the Chinese population
Authors: Gao Jiangtao , Liu Hui , Li Lingling , Guo Chunmei , Wang Zhiyong , Cheng Mengya , Tan Subei , Chen Lu , Shi Jijing , Wu Hui , Feng Chao , Yu Guoying , Ding Chen
Published: July 2024

Background

Male urethral stricture disease (USD) is predominantly characterized by scar formation. There are few effective therapeutic drugs, and comprehensive molecular characterizations of USD formation remain undefined.

Methods

The proteomic profiling of twelve scar tissues and five matched normal adjacent tissues (NATs). Proteomic analysis methods were applied to explore the molecular characterizations of USD formation, including uncovering mechanistic pathways and providing novel biomarkers for scar formation.

Results

Comparative proteomic analysis showed that the extracellular matrix (ECM) and complement cascade signaling were predominant in scar tissues. COL11A1 and CD248 significantly contributed to the accumulation of ECM components. Our study presented diverse molecular mechanisms of scar formation across different ages and suggested the potential effects of PXK in Age 1 (<45) patients. Furthermore, immune infiltration studies indicated the therapeutic potential of inhibiting the complement system (C4A, C4B) in Age 2 (≥45) patients, providing a potential clinical strategy for USD.

Conclusion

This study illustrated the pathogenesis of USD formation and the diverse characteristics of USD patients with different ages, enhancing our understanding of the disease’s pathogenesis and providing a valuable resource for USD treatment.
Nurse-led care versus neurologist-led care for long-term outcomes of patients who underwent craniotomy in traumatic brain injuries: an efficacy analysis
Authors: Wang Jingjing , Wu Zhiping , Shi Shufang , Ren Jiangyan , Ren Xiaojia
Published: July 2024

Background

After craniotomy, patients require rehabilitation efforts for the recovery process, and neurologists are mostly engaged for that (in the management of post-craniotomy complications). However, neurologists are not always available for care after neurosurgery during follow-up (situation of our institute). The objectives of the study were to compare the effects of two different types of care (nurse-led and neurologist-led) on various long-term outcomes in patients who have undergone craniotomy due to traumatic brain injuries.

Methods

Electronic medical records of patients (aged ≥18 years) who underwent craniotomy for traumatic brain injuries and their caregivers were extracted and retrospectively reviewed. Patients received nurse-led care (NL cohort, n = 109) or neurologist-led care (GL cohort, n = 121) for 6 months after craniotomy.

Results

Before the nurse-or neurologist-led care (BC), all patients had activities of daily living (ADL) ≤ 11, ≤ 50 quality of life (QoL), and 69% of patients had definitive anxiety, 87% of patients had definitive depression, and all caregivers had Zarit Burden interview scores ≥50. Nurse-led post-surgical care was associated with improved ADL and QoL, relieved anxiety and depression of patients, relieved the burden on caregivers, and the higher overall satisfaction of patients and their caregivers after 6-months of care (AC) as compared to their BC condition (p < 0.05) and also compared to those of patients in the GL cohort under AC condition (p < 0.01). Patients in the GL cohort reported pressure sores (p = 0.0211) and dizziness [15 (12%) vs. 5 (5%)] after craniotomy during follow-up than those in the NL cohort.

Conclusion

ADL, QoL, and psychological conditions of patients who undergo craniotomy for traumatic brain injuries must be improved and the burdens of their caregivers must be relived. Not only is the care provided by nursing staff equivalent to that offered by neurologists, but in some aspects, it is superior for patients who have undergone craniotomy for traumatic brain injuries and their caregivers during follow-up.
Association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamins D2 and D3 with hearing loss in US adults: analysis from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2015–2016
Authors: Chen Feng , Gao Yufan , Wang Yukai , Pan Ziyu , Chen Yinuo , Sheng Huixiang , Chen Qi , Ye Fan
Published: July 2024

Background

Hearing loss (HL) is increasingly recognized as a significant global public health issue, and research on its relationship with vitamin D levels has gained wider attention. However, the association between serum biomarkers 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 (25(OH)D2) and D3 (25(OH)D3) with different types of HL remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the potential association of serum 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3 with HL in US adults.

Methods

A sample of 3,684 individuals aged 20–69 years from the 2015–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination (NHANES) was analyzed in this study. HL was defined as a pure tone average > 25 dB in either ear at low frequencies (500, 1,000, 2000 Hz), speech frequencies (500, 1,000, 2000, 4,000 Hz), and high frequencies (3,000, 4,000, 6,000, 8,000 Hz). Logistic regression was employed to examine the association between serum 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3 and HL. The study population was then stratified by age, gender, race, and education level to analyze potential differences between adults in different subgroups.

Results

In the multivariate analysis, it was found that serum 25(OH)D2 was independently associated with low-frequency hearing loss (LFHL) (OR: 1.012 [95% CI, 1.005–1.020]) and speech-frequency hearing loss (SFHL) (OR: 1.011 [95% CI, 1.003–1.018]). Restrictive cubic spline analysis demonstrated a linear dose–response relationship between serum 25(OH)D2 levels and LFHL (p for linearity <0.001), as well as SFHL (p for linearity = 0.001). Conversely, an L-shaped association was observed between serum 25(OH)D3 levels and both LFHL (p for nonlinearity = 0.014) and SFHL (p for nonlinearity = 0.025), with threshold values identified at 35.3 and 36.5 nmol/L, respectively. Higher levels of serum 25(OH)D3 were associated with a lower probability of high-frequency hearing loss (HFHL) (OR: 0.994 [95% CI, 0.989–0.999]), with a threshold value identified at 53.9 nmol/L. Furthermore, a significant interaction between diabetes and serum 25(OH)D2 in LFHL was revealed through subgroup analysis (p = 0.041). In the non-diabetic population, serum 25(OH)D2 maintained its association with LFHL.

Conclusion

Our findings suggested a positive association between serum 25(OH)D2 concentrations and both LFHL and SFHL in the studied cohort. Additionally, an L-shaped relationship was found between serum 25(OH)D3 and LFHL and SFHL, and higher levels of serum 25(OH)D3 were identified to be associated with a lower risk of HFHL.
Development of an anti-inflammatory diet for first-episode psychosis (FEP): a feasibility study protocol
Authors: Kennedy Leda , Holt Tiffany , Hunter Anna , Golshan Shahrokh , Cadenhead Kristin , Mirzakhanian Heline
Published: July 2024

Background

Evidence suggests inflammation plays a role in the pathophysiology of psychosis even in early illness, indicating a potential avenue for anti-inflammatory interventions that simultaneously address high rates of metabolic disease in this population. The aim of this study is to design a novel anti-inflammatory diet intervention (DI) that is feasible to implement in a first-episode psychosis (FEP) population.

Methods

Eligible FEP Participants are aged 15–30. The DI is currently being refined through a multi-phase process that includes the recruitment of focus groups that provide insight into feasibility of measures and nutritional education, as well as the implementation of the DI. The phases in the study are the Development Phase, Formative Phase, and the Feasibility Phase.

Results

The Development phase has resulted in the creation of a flexible DI for FEP based on existing research on nutritional health and informed by providers. This study has just completed the Formative phase, recruiting eligible participants to join focus groups that gleaned information about dietary habits, preferences, and food environments to further refine the DI.

Conclusion

Findings from earlier phases have advised the current Feasibility Phase in which this novel DI is being administered to a small cohort of FEP participants (N = 12) to determine acceptability of the DI from a lived experience perspective. Naturalistic changes in inflammatory biomarkers, metabolic health, and symptoms will also be measured.
Genetic profiling in radiotherapy: a comprehensive review
Authors: Rubini Dino , Gagliardi Federico , Menditti Vittorio Salvatore , D’Ambrosio Luca , Gallo Paolo , D’Onofrio Ida , Pisani Antonio Rosario , Sardaro Angela , Rubini Giuseppe , Cappabianca Salvatore , Nardone Valerio , Reginelli Alfonso
Published: July 2024

This comprehensive review explores the pivotal role of radiotherapy in cancer treatment, emphasizing the diverse applications of genetic profiling. The review highlights genetic markers for predicting radiation toxicity, enabling personalized treatment planning. It delves into the impact of genetic profiling on radiotherapy strategies across various cancer types, discussing research findings related to treatment response, prognosis, and therapeutic resistance. The integration of genetic profiling is shown to transform cancer treatment paradigms, offering insights into personalized radiotherapy regimens and guiding decisions in cases where standard protocols may fall short. Ultimately, the review underscores the potential of genetic profiling to enhance patient outcomes and advance precision medicine in oncology.
Evaluating the features of breast lesions identified by bimodal breast examination: a real-world study
Authors: Huang Xiaoxi , Zhao Shuai , Chen Wanqian , Sun Bin , Lin Zhenchuan , Yang Haomin
Published: July 2024

Background

Several image-based diagnostic methods have been developed to examine the features of breast lesions among women, while the value of combining palpation imaging and ultrasound by a bimodal breast examination system is still unknown.

Methods

A real-world study was conducted among 424 patients who visited Fujian Maternal and Child Health Hospital and Fujian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, and used the Bimodal Breast Exam (BBE) systems which combines palpation imaging and ultrasound imaging. Among them, 97 patients had additional ultrasound, mammogram, or pathological examination. These patients were used to evaluate the consistency and efficacy of the BBE in interpreting the features of breast lesions as compared to results of ultrasound, mammogram, and pathological examinations.

Results

The BBE system detected 1517 lesions with palpation imaging, 1126 lesions with ultrasound examination (950 solid lesions and 176 cysts), and 391 non mass lesions. Among them, 404 patients were diagnosed as benign and 20 were diagnosed as malignant tumor. However, 12, 9 and 4 cases were diagnosed as malignant tumors by ultrasound, mammogram and pathological examination, respectively. Compared with the integrative results of ultrasound, mammogram and pathology, the sensitivity of BBE is 55.6%, and the specificity is 90.9%, with a kappa coefficient of 0.387 (0.110, 0.665), indicating moderate consistency.

Conclusions

In clinical practice, BBE can be used to evaluate features of breast lesions with a high specificity. The diagnostic efficacy is comparable to the integrative results of ultrasound, mammography, and pathological examination.
A cross-sectional study of medial longitudinal arch development in children with different BMI
Authors: Chen Jing , Tang Li , Yang Xiaoxuan , Tang Jing , Cheng Qingfeng , Zhao Chen , Zhang Han
Published: July 2024

Introduction

The influence of excess weight on the development of children's feet remains a subject of debate. To further elucidate whether this relation occurs, this study compared arch morphology and flexibility in three groups of children: underweight, normal, and overweight.

Methods

In total, 1,532 children (807 boys, 725 girls; age range 7–11 years) participated in the study. The researchers measured the participants’ height and weight, calculated their body mass index, and categorized their weight status as underweight, normal weight, or overweight. A three-dimensional foot model was taken using a three-dimensional plantar scanner under non-weight-bearing and weight-bearing conditions to obtain arch morphometric indices (arch index and arch volume) and arch flexibility index (arch volume index).

Results

Analysis of the data showed that the arch index was higher in overweight children compared to underweight and normal weight children (p < 0.05), but the differences in arch volume and arch volume index in overweight children compared to underweight and normal weight children were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). All children were divided into flatfoot, normal, and pes cavus groups according to arch index, and the arch volume index was statistically significant (p < 0.01).

Conclusions

Overweight was not absolutely associated with arch structure and arch flexibility in children from a three-dimensional perspective. Arch development is a long-term process, and it is not clear whether being overweight has an effect on soft tissue or bone formation. Future studies will focus on the effects of long-term overweight on foot structure and arch flexibility in children.
Associations between body weight trajectories and neurodevelopment outcomes at 24 months corrected age in very-low-birth-weight preterm infants: a group-based trajectory modelling study
Authors: Wang Ts-Ting , Chen Yen-Ju , Su Yi-Han , Yang Yun-Hsiang , Chu Wei-Ying , Lin Wei-Ting , Chang Yu-Shan , Lin Yung-Chieh , Lin Chyi-Her , Lin Yuh-Jyh ,   Taiwan Premature Infant Follow-up Network
Published: July 2024

Introduction

This study aimed to explore the relationship between the trajectories of body weight (BW) z-scores at birth, discharge, and 6 months corrected age (CA) and neurodevelopmental outcomes at 24 months CA.

Methods

Conducted as a population-based retrospective cohort study across 21 hospitals in Taiwan, we recruited 3,334 very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants born between 2012 and 2017 at 23–32 weeks of gestation. Neurodevelopmental outcomes were assessed at 24 months CA. Instances of neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) were defined by the presence of at least one of the following criteria: cerebral palsy, severe hearing loss, profound vision impairment, or cognitive impairment. Group-based trajectory modeling was employed to identify distinct BW z-score trajectory groups. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the associations between these trajectories, postnatal comorbidity, and neurodevelopmental impairments.

Results

The analysis identified three distinct trajectory groups: high-climbing, mid-declining, and low-declining. Significant associations were found between neurodevelopmental impairments and both cystic periventricular leukomalacia (cPVL) [with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 3.59; p < 0.001] and belonging to the low-declining group (aOR: 2.59; p < 0.001).

Discussion

The study demonstrated that a low-declining pattern in body weight trajectory from birth to 6 months CA, along with cPVL, was associated with neurodevelopmental impairments at 24 months CA. These findings highlight the importance of early weight trajectory and specific health conditions in predicting later neurodevelopmental outcomes in VLBW infants.
First-line immune checkpoint inhibitors in low programmed death-ligand 1-expressing population
Authors: Zhang Feiyang , Chen Guoming , Yin Yixin , Chen Xiaojiang , Nie Runcong , Chen Yingbo
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Inhibitors of programmed cell death 1 (PD1) and its ligand (PDL1) have exhibited favorable long-term survival in many types of advanced-stage cancer and current approvals have to date been granted in certain tumour types irrespective of PD-L1 status.

Methods: We extracted the following information: study sample size, trial period, cancer types, intervention of treatment, type of PD-L1 antibody, immunohistochemistry (IHC) scoring method, number and percentage of PD-L1 < 1% population, and median follow- up time. PD-L1 expression was defined as percentage of number of PD-L1-stained tumor cells (TPS), area of tumor infiltrated by PD-L1-stained immune cells (IPS), number of PD-L1-stained cells (tumor cells, lymphocytes and macrophages; CPS). Different trials used distinct method to define low PD-L1 expression. The risk of bias of the included trials was assessed by using the Cochrane risk of bias tool for RCTs.

Results: Here, a total of 34 trials were included to extract individual patient data (IPD) to evaluate the survival benefit of first line PD1/PDL1 inhibitors vs. standard-of-care (SOC) in patients with PDL1 < 1%. In term of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monotherapy, OS (HR = 0.90, 0.81−1.01) and PFS (HR = 1.11, 0.97−1.27) between PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor group and SOC group were comparable. In term of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 combination therapy, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor group exhibited longer OS (median 19.5 months vs. 16.3 months; HR = 0.83, 0.79−0.88, p < 0.001) and PFS than those of SOC group (median 8.11 months vs. 6.96 months; HR = 0.82, 0.77−0.87, p < 0.001).Subgroup analysis showed that survival benefit was mainly observed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (HROS = 0.74; HRPFS = 0.69; p < 0.001), small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) (HROS = 0.58, p < 0.001; HRPFS = 0.55, p = 0.030), esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) (HROS = 0.62, p = 0.005; HRPFS = 0.79, p < 0.001), melanoma (HROS = 0.53, p < 0.001) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) (HRPFS = 0.35, p = 0.013).

Conclusion: Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 combinational therapy rather than monotherapy exhibit survival benefit in the low PD-L1 population in the first-line setting, and the survival benefit was mainly observed in specific tumor types.
Gestodene, a novel positive allosteric modulator of PAR1, enhances PAR1-mediated human platelet aggregation
Authors: Park So-Hyeon , Heo Yunkyung , Kwon Il , Jo Sungwoo , Jeon Hyejin , Lee Yechan , Kim Jieun , Heo Ji Hoe , Namkung Wan
Published: July 2024

Background: Protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) is expressed in human platelets and can be activated by low concentrations of thrombin. Vorapaxar, a selective antagonist of PAR1, inhibits thrombin-induced calcium mobilization in human platelet, which is associated with an increased risk of bleeding. Conversely, the administration of a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of PAR1 may pose a substantial risk of thrombosis due to inducing excessive platelet activation. In this study, we discovered a novel PAM of PAR1 and investigated the effect of enhanced PAR1 activation by PAM of PAR1 on platelet activation.

Methods: To find PAMs of PAR1, a cell-based screen was performed in HT29 cells, and finally, gestodene, an oral contraceptive drug (OC), was identified as a novel PAM of PAR1. The mechanism of action of gestodene and its effects on platelet activation were investigated in human megakaryocytic leukemia cell line MEG-01 cells and human platelet.

Results: Gestodene enhanced both thrombin- and PAR1-activating peptide (AP)-induced intracellular calcium levels in a dose-dependent manner without altering PAR2 and PAR4 activity. Gestodene significantly increased PAR1-AP-induced internalization of PAR1 and phosphorylation of ERK1/2, and the enhancing effects were significantly blocked by vorapaxar. Furthermore, gestodene potently increased PAR1-AP induced morphological changes in MEG-01 cells. Remarkably, in human blood, gestodene exerted a robust augmentation of PAR1-AP-induced platelet aggregation, and vorapaxar effectively attenuated the gestodene-induced enhancement of platelet aggregation mediated by PAR1.

Conclusion: Gestodene is a selective PAM of PAR1 and suggest one possible mechanism for the increased risk of venous thromboembolism associated with OCs containing gestodene.