bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dumont’s Hierarchy Among the Nuosu of China
Authors: van der Veer Peter , Wu Da
Published: May 2017

In this article we consider whether Dumont’s theory of hierarchy in the Indian caste system (or elements thereof) might be applicable to the hierarchal distinctions of Nuosu society in south-west China and vice versa. Nuosu society is characterized as both a ‘slave society’ and a caste society. It is the categories of ‘slavery’ and ‘caste’ that deserve our attention here. Like slaves in Nuosu society, Hindu society in India sees untouchables as ‘outsiders’. They live outside the village and have to use their own wells for drinking water. At the same time, they are in fact the slaves of the dominant ‘pure’ caste in the village and depend entirely on it. They have to show deference when they encounter a member of the dominant caste, and in some regions, such as Kerala, there were slave markets where they could be bought and sold. We do not produce a point-by-point comparison between Indian society and Nuosu society here, but examine Dumont’s theory of hierarchy in the light of what we know of Nuosu society.
Modern Consumer in Cyberspace – Internet and Psychology Approach
Authors: Jabłońska Marta R.
Published: May 2017

Online reality becomes a natural environment for nowadays companies. As more and more companies have understand a necessity of their presence in the cyberspace, they still need to learn about complex nature of young people who are becoming customers. The paper aims to present modern consumer from sociological and psychological perspective. First, it describes generations Y, Z, and C and their most common online activities and then concentrates on their behaviors performed online. To reach the aim of the paper, a study has also been conducted to investigate discussed behaviors.
The Level of Development of the Digital Economy in Poland and Selected European Countries: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Moroz Miroslaw
Published: May 2017

An assessment of the degree of the development of the digital economy in Poland in comparison to chosen European countries is the main purpose of the paper. The methodology of the conducted research is based on the analysis of secondary sources and applying statistical methods. In order to make the comparison in methodically correct manner, synthetic measures of the development of the e-economy were used in the form of two indexes: NRI (Networked Readiness Index) and DESI (Digital Economy and Society Index). On the basis of available statistical data, four European countries were confronted with Poland. Results of the analysis indicate a relatively unfavorable situation of Poland.
El futuro de subjuntivo en el castellano del siglo XV de la Corona de Aragón
Authors: Vega Paloma Arroyo
Published: May 2017

Este trabajo se centra en el análisis de la contienda entre el futuro de subjuntivo y el futuro de indicativo a partir de los datos extraídos del corpus que integra la documentación empleada en la elaboración del
La escenificación de una memoria transnacional y multidireccional en Gurs: una tragedia europea (2004), de Jorge Semprún
Authors: García-Manso Luisa
Published: May 2017

Este ensayo ofrece un análisis de la dimensión transnacional de
On the Portability and Meanings of Blackness in Young Jean Lee’s The Shipment (2009)
Authors: Saal Ilka
Published: May 2017

This essay examines Korean American playwright Young Jean Lee’s provocative interrogation of the meanings of blackness in the Obama age with her 2009 play
Compensation for Personal Injury: Comparative Incentives for the Interplay of Tort Law and Insurance Law
Authors: Koziol Helmut
Published: May 2017

There are quite a lot of differences between compensation schemes in Europe when it comes to personal injuries. Under most legal systems the social security systems do not change the law of damages as the social insurer can take recourse against the tortfeasor. But particularly in Scandinavia the social security system displaces tort law by excluding the possibility of recourse and thus providing for a generous release from liability for the offender. These differences give the impression that they would prevent harmonisation of European compensation systems, but it seems that such differences are bridgeable.
Adsorption removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solution
Authors: Tewari Kshitij , Singhal Gaurav , Arya Raj Kumar
Published: May 2017

In this review, the state of the art on the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solution using adsorption technique is presented. The objective is to critically analyze different adsorbents available for malachite green dye removal. Hence, the available recent literature in the area is categorized according to the cost, feasibility, and availability of adsorbents. An extensive survey of the adsorbents, derived from various sources such as low cost biological materials, waste material from industry, agricultural waste, polymers, clays, nanomaterials, and magnetic materials, has been carried out. The review studies on different adsorption factors, such as pH, concentration, adsorbent dose, and temperature. The fitting of the adsorption data to various models, isotherms, and kinetic regimes is also reported.
Children’s Gender and Men’s Income: Evidence from Iran
Authors: Abbasi Hossein A. , Karimi Seyed M.
Published: May 2017

In many societies, men work for more hours and acquire higher wages if they have sons versus daughters. Gender bias, higher returns to male children’s human capital, and higher costs of raising male children are hypothesized to explain this behavior. Among these, gender bias has received stronger support from empirical studies. Using a four-year panel dataset, we show that a different institutional setting may make men respond to their children’s gender differently. We study men’s income in a dotal society, Iran, where families are expected to provide dowry for their marrying daughters. We show that, in contrast to the findings in developed countries, Iranian men earn more income when they have daughters versus sons, and we argue that the institution of marriage is the major reason for this unconventional finding.
Wittgensteins „General Remarks“
Authors: Rothhaupt Josef G. F.
Published: May 2017

During the period from 1929 to 1951, Wittgenstein himself marked and collected some distinctive remarks to be found in his Nachlass. A detailed philological and philosophical study shows that this corpus of remarks is divided into two parts. The first runs from 1929 to 1931 and from 1937 to 1938 and consists of those indicated with the sectional marking “O”, while the second runs from 1931 to 1951 and consists of those indicated with the sectional marking “|…|“. The first contains all of the Remarks on Frazer’s ‘Golden Bough’ corresponding to Part I of the latter and taken from TS211 and MS110 - remarks which appear there in a broader context. And it can also be shown that Part II of the Remarks on Frazer’s ‘Golden Bough’, taken from MS143, belongs to this same context. The selection and extraction of them all forms a significant and extraordinary corpus with a focus on a broad range of cultural themes.

During the period from 1965 to 1966, Georg Henrik von Wright made “A Collection of Remarks by Ludwig Wittgenstein”. From this (till now unknown and unpublished) selection, G. H. von Wright then again made a selection. This famous selection from a selection from Wittgenstein’s Nachlass was published - under the title Vermischte Bemerkungen / Culture and Value.

My article presents and compares these important collections of “General Remarks” and “Cultural Remarks” - that from Ludwig Wittgenstein himself and that made posthumously by Georg Henrik von Wright.
The Practice of Following Rules
Authors: Vossenkuhl Wilhelm
Published: May 2017

Rule following has been estimated as a major issue in Wittgenstein’s later philosophy. It seemed to be a key to understand his philosophy of language, and a criterion for the correct use of words. It was further valued as a notion, which conforms to standards required in a theory of language. In this essay I shall argue that these views are neither supported in the Philosophical Investigations nor in any other of Wittgenstein’s writings. In my view rule following serves as a default option to clarify that there are no definite standards of the correct use of words and in consequence, that the actual use of a language is not to be explained at all. Any approach to an explanation of the actual language use by means of rules appears to be nonsensical and beside the point. In order to recognize this view one has to take Wittgenstein’s proposition seriously and at face value that the use of a language is a practice. Providing that only the practice counts the famous “paradox” reappears in a new light.
Wittgenstein’s Remarks Concerning the Accessibility of Foreign Cultures
Authors: Bremer Jozef
Published: May 2017

Wittgenstein (1889-1951) was highly disapproving of scholars whom he thought unable to properly acknowledge diversity amongst cultures or take due note of the enormous differences separating them from tribes living in radically heterogeneous cultural environments. The best known and paradigmatic example of his attitude to such differences is to be found in his Remarks on Frazer’s ‘Golden Bough’, where he wrote: “[…] how impossible for him [Frazer, J.B.] to understand a different way of life from the English one of his time”. But to cut a long story short, whether Wittgenstein saw this “impossibility” as an intrinsic feature of the task or not is by no means unambiguously clear. To resolve this question, I shall take as my point of departure the socio-anthropological writings of B. Malinowski (1884-1942), who spent several years amongst one of the Pacific island tribes - the Trobriands. In his “field studies”, Malinowski focused on the tribe’s “form of life”: i.e. on their belief in ritual and magic, and on how their customs interlinked with kinship and with their economy. Taking into account Malinowski’s own pragmatic conception of language and his notion of the divergent character of scientific and magical forms of belief, I then outline Wittgenstein’s notions of “language game”, “family resemblance” and “form of life”. The usage of these concepts will show in what sense Wittgenstein would have recognized the similarities within and between different cultures and human societies - but, equally, just how far we can understand a human way of life deeply different from our own.
Analysis of the Effect Size of Overweight in Muscular Strength Tests Among Adolescents: Reference Values According to Sex, Age, and Body Mass Index
Authors: Martínez-López Emilio J. , De La Torre-Cruz Manuel J. , Suárez-Manzano Sara , Ruiz-Ariza Alberto
Published: May 2017

Martínez-López, EJ, De La Torre-Cruz, M, Suárez-Manzano, S, and Ruiz-Ariza, A. Analysis of the effect size of overweight in muscular strength tests among adolescents: reference values according to sex, age, and body mass index. J Strength Cond Res 32(5): 1404–1414, 2018—The aim of this paper is to quantify the effect size of overweight on the results of muscular strength tests in adolescents and to report percentile tables based on sex, age, and body mass index (BMI). The study hypothesized that the effect size obtained from the difference between normal-weight and overweight youth would be greater than the differences between sexes within the same age group. A total of 11,044 Spanish adolescents (48.5% girls) aged 14.39 ± 1.21 years (range: 12–16 years) from 42 secondary schools participated in the research. Muscular strength was evaluated using standing long jump, hand grip strength (manual dynamometer), and sit-ups (30 seconds). The effect size was analyzed using the adjusted Hedges' ğ. The results show that 76.3 and 72.8% of overweight boys and girls, respectively, performed a standing long jump equal to or less than the normal-weight average. The 67.4 and 67.1% of overweight boys and girls, respectively, showed manual dynamometer values equal to or greater than the normal-weight average. Finally, 68.7 and 65.9% of overweight boys and girls, respectively, obtained measures for 30 seconds of sit-ups equal to or lower than the normal-weight average. It can therefore be concluded that the differential effect size between boys and girls is higher than that between normal-weight and overweight adolescents in the 3 strength tests analyzed. Despite the above, these results suggest the value of taking into account the BMI when assessing the muscular strength of young people, in addition to sex and age.
Evaluation of Muscle Mechanical Capacities Through the Two-Load Method: Optimization of the Load Selection
Authors: Pérez-Castilla Alejandro , Jaric Slobodan , Feriche Belén , Padial Paulino , García-Ramos Amador
Published: May 2017

Pérez-Castilla, A, Jaric, S, Feriche, B, Padial, P, and García-Ramos, A. Evaluation of muscle mechanical capacities through the 2-load method: Optimization of the load selection. J Strength Cond Res 32(5): 1245–1253, 2018—Recent research has revealed that the force-velocity relationship obtained from the “2-load method” (i.e., functional movements tested against just 2 external loads) could be a feasible method for the selective assessment of muscle force, velocity, and power-producing capacities. The study investigated the reliability and concurrent validity of the outcomes of the 2-load method observed from (a) farther vs. closer data points (20–70% 1 repetition maximum [1RM], 30–60% 1RM, and 40–50% 1RM) and (b) force-biased (50–70% 1RM) vs. velocity-biased (20–40% 1RM) data points. Twenty-two men were tested on a ballistic bench press throw performed against 6 incremental loads ranging from 20 to 70% of the bench press 1RM. The 2-load methods were constructed based on pairs of individually selected external loads and compared with the outcome of the force-velocity regression method applied to all 6 loads. The reliability and validity of the force-velocity relationship parameters decreased with the proximity of the data points (40–50% 1RM < 30–60% 1RM < 20–70% 1RM). The velocity-biased and force-biased loads (i.e., lighter and heavier loads, respectively) revealed a similar but relatively moderate reliability and validity. Overall, the farthest pair of loads (i.e., 20% 1RM and 70% 1RM) revealed the highest reliability (CV = 5.5%, ICC = 0.89) and validity (r = 0.98) among all the 2-load methods evaluated. These results demonstrate that the 20–70% 1RM 2-load method could be a feasible approach for testing individual muscle mechanical capacities, whereas the observed outcomes could be most reliable and valid when obtained from the farthest pairs of applied loads.
Warm-Up Exercises May Not Be So Important for Enhancing Submaximal Running Performance
Authors: Takizawa Kazuki , Yamaguchi Taichi , Shibata Keisuke
Published: May 2017

Takizawa, K, Yamaguchi, T, and Shibata, K. Warm-up exercises may not be so important for enhancing submaximal running performance. J Strength Cond Res 32(5): 1383–1390, 2018—The purpose of this study was to determine an appropriate warm-up intensity for enhancing performance in submaximal running at 90% vV̇o
2max (it assumes 3,000–5,000 m in track events). Seven trained male university athletes took part in this study (age: 21.3 ± 2.1 years, height: 169.3 ± 4.7 cm, body mass: 58.4 ± 5.6 kg, V̇o
2max: 73.33 ± 5.46 ml·kg−1·min−1). Each subject ran on a treadmill at 90% vV̇o
2max until exhaustion after 1 of 4 warm-up treatments. The 4 warm-up treatments were no warm-up, 15 minutes running at 60% vV̇o
2max, at 70% vV̇o
2max, and at 80% vV̇o
2max. The running performance was evaluated by time to exhaustion (TTE). V̇o
2, and vastus lateralis muscle temperature were also measured. There were no significant differences in TTE among the warm-up exercises (p > 0.05). V̇o
2 in no warm-up showed slower reaction than the other warm-up exercises. Regarding, the vastus lateralis muscle temperature immediately after warm-up, no warm-up was significantly (p < 0.01) lower compared with the other warm-up exercises. Our results suggested that submaximal running performance was not affected by the presence or absence of a warm-up or by warm-up intensity, although physiological changes occurred.
miR-21 is involved in norepinephrine-mediated rat granulosa cell apoptosis by targeting SMAD7
Authors: Zhang Li , Gao Jie , Cui Sheng
Published: May 2017

Substantive evidence has indicated that the sympathetic innervation contributes to the regulation and development of ovarian functions. Norepinephrine (NE) is one of the major neurotransmitters contained in the extrinsic ovarian sympathetic nerves and is thought to be a potent moderator of ovarian functions such as steroidogenesis and granulosa cell proliferation or apoptosis. However, the mechanisms of NE regulation of granulosa cell apoptosis in the rat ovary are rare. Real-time PCR and Western blot results show that NE regulates the expression of miR-21 in primary granulosa cells in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, we found that miR-21 is involved in NE-mediated rat granulosa cells apoptosis and blocks granulosa cell apoptosis by targeting Smad7, a transforming growth factor-beta-inducible mediator of apoptosis in granulosa cells. In primary granulosa cells, a combined treatment of NE and TGF-β increased apoptosis and decreased miR-21 expression, but increased SMAD7 protein levels. We also demonstrated that NE regulates miR-21 by coupling to α1A-adrenergic receptor (α1A-AR). This is the first demonstration that NE controls the reproductive functions by modulating the expression of miR-21 and promoting TGF-β-induced granulosa cell apoptosis. Such NE-mediated effects could be potentially used for regulating the reproductive processes and for treating reproductive disorders.
The Natural Biotic Environment ofCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Schulenburg Hinrich , Félix Marie-Anne
Published: May 2017

Organisms evolve in response to their natural environment. Consideration of natural ecological parameters are thus of key importance for our understanding of an organism’s biology. Curiously, the natural ecology of the model species Caenorhabditis elegans has long been neglected, even though this nematode has become one of the most intensively studied models in biological research. This lack of interest changed ∼10 yr ago. Since then, an increasing number of studies have focused on the nematode’s natural ecology. Yet many unknowns still remain. Here, we provide an overview of the currently available information on the natural environment of C. elegans. We focus on the biotic environment, which is usually less predictable and thus can create high selective constraints that are likely to have had a strong impact on C. elegans evolution. This nematode is particularly abundant in microbe-rich environments, especially rotting plant matter such as decomposing fruits and stems. In this environment, it is part of a complex interaction network, which is particularly shaped by a species-rich microbial community. These microbes can be food, part of a beneficial gut microbiome, parasites and pathogens, and possibly competitors. C. elegans is additionally confronted with predators; it interacts with vector organisms that facilitate dispersal to new habitats, and also with competitors for similar food environments, including competitors from congeneric and also the same species. Full appreciation of this nematode’s biology warrants further exploration of its natural environment and subsequent integration of this information into the well-established laboratory-based research approaches.
An Evolutionary Perspective on Yeast Mating-Type Switching
Authors: Hanson Sara J , Wolfe Kenneth H
Published: May 2017

Cell differentiation in yeast species is controlled by a reversible, programmed DNA-rearrangement process called mating-type switching. Switching is achieved by two functionally similar but structurally distinct processes in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. In both species, haploid cells possess one active and two silent copies of the mating-type locus (a three-cassette structure), the active locus is cleaved, and synthesis-dependent strand annealing is used to replace it with a copy of a silent locus encoding the opposite mating-type information. Each species has its own set of components responsible for regulating these processes. In this review, we summarize knowledge about the function and evolution of mating-type switching components in these species, including mechanisms of heterochromatin formation, MAT locus cleavage, donor bias, lineage tracking, and environmental regulation of switching. We compare switching in these well-studied species to others such as Kluyveromyces lactis and the methylotrophic yeasts Ogataea polymorpha and Komagataella phaffii. We focus on some key questions: Which cells switch mating type? What molecular apparatus is required for switching? Where did it come from? And what is the evolutionary purpose of switching?
Trade Openness, Inequality and Poverty in Latin American Countries
Authors: Bayar Yilmaz , Sezgin H. Funda
Published: May 2017

Globalization has quickened, especially during the past three decades, due to technological, institutional, legal and political developments in the world. During this process, many countries reduced or removed the barriers on the cross-country flows of goods, services and capital, and the global trade volume increased substantially. Therefore, openness-oriented policies have led many social and economic implications for the national economies. In this regard, this study investigates the interaction among trade openness, poverty alleviation and inequality in 11 Latin American countries by employing a panel data analysis. We revealed that trade openness and financial development affected inequality and poverty negatively in the long term, while inequality affected poverty positively.
Barriers to availing refractive error services among an urban slum population in Mumbai, India
Authors:   Lotus College of Optometry, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, Chande Prema K , VORA URMI ,   Lotus College of Optometry, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Published: May 2017

Barriers to availing refracti ve error services among an urban slum population in Mumbai, India. Background: A refractive error project for management of refractive errors in adults was undertaken in the urban slums of Mumbai, India. The project looked at the burden of refractive errors in the predominantly lower socio economic status groups as well as what common barriers prevent access to refractive services amongst this population. This presentation highlights the barriers that were elicited for availing and accessing refractive error services among the urban slum population in Mumbai, India. AIM: The study aimed to identify the common barriers to availing & accessing refractive error services among an urban slum population in Mumbai, India. Methods : A situation analysis of the community, with respect to availability of services was done as a part of the service delivery planning. The analysis revealed that services were available but the community was not accessing the same. Based on the situation analysis report a questionnaire with all perceived barriers was developed and the same was validated. Service delivery was done by establishing vision centers within the community. Trained health workers performed a door to door vision screening, identified and referred the needy population to the vision centre. Here the questionnaire was run by trained social workers on the people visiting the centers for eye examinations, who were referred by the social workers. Results : Data analysis was carried out to know the reasons for not availing the services within the community. Of the 4070 subjects who visited the vision centre, 4039 case records were complete and analyzed. The demographic associations of the use of spectacles and reasons for not availing services were assessed with age, gender, education, socioeconomic status. On further analyses it was revealed, that, 3373 (83.5%) were aware of their poor vision, of these 2000 people did not visit an eye doctor. When the questions were analyzed as economic reasons and lack of awareness, lack of awareness superseded economic reasons, as lack of awareness was 54.5% Vs economic was 53.70%. Conclusion: When refractive error service delivery was planned for this population, besides providing free spectacles, emphasis on generating awareness for need for refractive errors was also considered.
ASPIRE-ing to Excellence at SIUSOM
Authors: Cianciolo Anna T. , Klamen Debra L. , Beason Austin M. , Neumeister Evyn L.
Published: May 2017

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. This Personal View article describes the experience of Southern Illinois University School of Medicine (SIUSOM) with the AMEE School Programme for International Recognition of Excellence in Education (ASPIRE) awards program. Institutional leaders considering applying may need something more than the program description to take the plunge. We use narrative to present our reasons for applying, how the application and review process went for us, and the benefits of getting involved. By sharing our story, we hope to motivate other educators who believe in their school's educational excellence to visualize themselves as applicants and take action.
Sedentarismo mata? Estudo dos comentários de leitores de um jornal brasileiro on-line
Authors: Ferreira Marcos Santos , Castiel Luis David , Cardoso Maria Helena Cabral de Almeida
Published: May 2017

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo foi analisar os comentários de leitores de um jornal brasileiro sobre o texto intitulado “Sedentarismo mata?”, publicado em sua versão on-line, relacionando-os ao complexo debate sobre o tema no âmbito da saúde coletiva. Para tanto, os 46 comentários emitidos foram agrupados em categorias emanadas das ideias de (Giddens, 1991), da leitura isotópica (Greimas, 1987) e, por fim, analisados sob a perspectiva da semiótica. A variedade de opiniões sobre a mortalidade do sedentarismo denota a complexidade da vida humana e, por conseguinte, a dificuldade inerente à formulação de ações e políticas no campo da prevenção em saúde. Assim, para além de ações individualizantes e moralizadoras dos estilos de vida arriscados, a redução das desigualdades sociais deve ser o imperativo ético e pressuposto básico de toda ação e política de saúde.
O conceito de equidade na produção científica em saúde: uma revisão
Authors: Albrecht Cristina Arthmar Mentz , Rosa Roger dos Santos , Bordin Ronaldo
Published: May 2017

Resumo Este ensaio tem como objetivo identificar como o princípio da equidade é empregado nos estudos brasileiros que versam sobre saúde. Foi realizada uma revisão da produção científica de quatro bases de dados utilizando os Descritores em Ciências da Saúde “equidade” e “saúde” em todos os índices. Foram revisados 34 artigos que abordavam o tema da saúde no Brasil. Como resultado, percebe-se que a equidade é entendida na maioria dos artigos como um fator essencial para a justiça social, considerando o contexto de desigualdades sociais no qual o Sistema Único de Saúde se encontra inserido. Houve a predominância do conceito de equidade proposto pela Organização Mundial da Saúde que destaca a dimensão moral e ética do termo. A concentração da discussão da equidade apenas no nível do acesso indica uma compreensão restrita do termo, que pode ser explicada pela dificuldade em operacionalizá-lo, uma vez que um princípio social se trata de um valor abstrato.
Big Data e mídias sociais: monitoramento das redes como ferramenta de gestão
Authors: Klein Gisiela Hasse , Guidi Neto Pedro , Tezza Rafael
Published: May 2017

Resumo A pesquisa avalia se o monitoramento de mídias sociais pode ser uma ferramenta de previsão de padrões epidemiológicos. Para tanto, foram monitoradas as mídias sociais Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Flickr, Youtube e blogs no Estado de Santa Catarina entre 24 de janeiro de 2016 e 27 de fevereiro de 2016. Os rumores sobre dengue, chikungunya, zika, Aedes aegypti e microcefalia foram relacionados ao número de casos suspeitos, confirmados ou descartados pela Vigilância Epidemiológica de Santa Catarina no mesmo período. Os resultados obtidos mostram que há forte correlação entre as variáveis e que o monitoramento pode ser usado como um modelo preditivo por profissionais da saúde e gestores públicos.
A regionalização da saúde mental e os novos desafios da Reforma Psiquiátrica brasileira
Authors: Macedo João Paulo , Abreu Mariana Marinho de , Fontenele Mayara Gomes , Dimenstein Magda
Published: May 2017

Resumo Novos desafios estão postos à Política Nacional de Saúde Mental no Brasil com o processo de regionalização da Rede de Atenção Psicossocial (RAPS). Trata-se da ampliação do acesso e melhora da qualidade de atenção em saúde mental em todos os níveis e pontos de atenção no âmbito do SUS. Objetiva-se analisar a organização da RAPS a partir da constituição das regiões e Redes de Atenção à Saúde no Brasil, apresentando o mapeamento dos serviços e sua distribuição na rede de serviços. Realizou-se um estudo de corte transversal a partir dos dados recuperados das plataformas CNES, DataSUS e Coordenação Nacional de Saúde Mental. Os resultados indicam o aprofundamento do processo de expansão e regionalização da rede de serviços ao longo desses quinze anos de aprovação da Lei da Reforma Psiquiátrica Brasileira (Lei nº 10.216/2001), apesar dos “vazios assistenciais” em diversos pontos de atenção, o que gera fragilidade na cobertura da rede de serviços.
Salud materna indígena en mujeres Nasa y Misak del Cauca, Colombia: tensiones, subordinación y diálogo intercultural entre dos sistemas médicos
Authors: Castillo-Santana Paula Tatiana , Vallejo-Rodríguez Elkin Daniel , Cotes-Cantillo Karol Patricia , Castañeda-Orjuela Carlos Andrés
Published: May 2017

Resumen En este texto se pretende avanzar en la comprensión de los elementos que configuran la relación entre madres Nasa y Misak del Cauca y los servicios de salud materna tradicional y occidental, desde un abordaje cualitativo que armonizó el modelo de construcción de sentido y la teoría fundamentada. Se identificó la forma cómo cada sistema médico define la salud, la enfermedad y la maternidad, que está reflejada en las prácticas y cuidados, siendo el parto el momento de mayores tensiones. Se han identificado patrones de relacionamiento entre los dos agentes del sistema médico. El sistema médico tradicional con bajo desarrollo propio y pérdida progresiva de valores culturales, así como el sistema médico occidental con la ausencia de servicios de salud apropiados culturalmente, dejan a las madres en un espacio de incertidumbre en el que no es posible realizar las prácticas tradicionales, ni acceder a los servicios propuestos por el sistema médico occidental.
Determinants of tobacco use by students
Authors: Vargas Lorena Silva , Lucchese Roselma , Silva Andrécia Cósmem da , Guimarães Rafael Alves , Vera Ivânia , Castro Paulo Alexandre de
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE Estimate the prevalence and determinants of tobacco use by students. METHODS This cross-sectional study, carried out between 2013 and 2014, evaluates 701 public school students between 10 and 79 years of age living in a city in the countryside of the State of Goias, Midwest of Brazil. A structured questionnaire collected the data and the predictor variables were demographic data, family nucleus, religion, physical activity practice, family functionality and parental smoking. Two multivariable models were implemented, the first for occasional tobacco use and the second for regular use, acquiring the measure of prevalence ratio (PR) and their respective 95%CI. Variables with p < 0.10 were included in Poisson regression models with robust variance to obtain the adjusted PR (adPR) and 95%CI. The Wald Chi-Squared test examined the differences between proportions, and values with p < 0.05 were statistically significant. RESULTS The prevalence of occasional and regular tobacco use were 33.4% (95%CI 29.8–36.9) and 6.7% (95%CI 5.0–8.8), respectively. The factors associated with occasional tobacco consumption were age of 15 to 17 years (adPR = 1.98) and above 18 years (adPR = 3.87), male gender (adPR = 1.23), moderate family dysfunction (adPR = 1.30), high family dysfunction (adPR = 1.97) and parental smoking (adPR = 1.60). In regards to regular consumption of tobacco, age above 18 years (adPR = 4.63), lack of religion (adPR = 2.08), high family dysfunction (adPR = 2.35) and parental smoking (adPR = 2.89) remained associated. CONCLUSIONS Students exhibit a high prevalence of occasional and regular tobacco use. This consumption relates to sociodemographic variables and family dysfunction.
Review of life-cycle-based environmental assessments of geotechnical systems
Authors: Kendall Alissa , Raymond Alena J , Tipton James , DeJong Jason T
Published: May 2017

This paper presents a critical review of studies that apply life-cycle assessment or life-cycle-based environmental analysis methods to geotechnical systems. The goal of this review is to evaluate the current state of practice for life-cycle assessment in geotechnical engineering and to identify critical gaps in current practice and key issues for future research efforts. Additionally, this review examines sources of variability and uncertainty across the studies and provides recommendations for best practice in future assessments. Aside from challenges in creating a practicable framework, many barriers to implementation exist – including the availability of region-specific data, the quality and granularity of data and challenges in comparing geotechnical systems due to spatial heterogeneity and design decisions, among others. Further research is needed to develop guidelines for life-cycle assessments tailored to geotechnical systems to establish common criteria and methods for future studies.
Policy Integration and Multi-Level Governance: Dealing with the Vertical Dimension of Policy Mix Designs
Authors: Howlett Michael , Vince Joanna , Del Río Pablo
Published: May 2017

Multifaceted problems such as sustainable development typically involve complex arrangements of institutions and instruments and the subject of how best to design and operate such ‘mixes’, ‘bundles’ or ‘portfolios’ of policy tools is an ongoing issue in this area. One aspect of this question is that some mixes are more difficult to design and operate than others. The paper argues that, ceteris paribus, complex policy-making faces substantial risks of failure when horizontal or vertical dimensions of policy-making are not well integrated. The paper outlines a model of policy mix types which highlights the design problems associated with more complex arrangements and presents two case studies of similarly structured mixes in the areas of marine parks in Australia and coastal zone management in Europe—one a failure and the other a successful case of integration—to illustrate how such mixes can be better designed and managed more effectively.
Changing trends of antibiotic resistance in neonatal sepsis in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: S. Pauline Packiaseeli , T. Ashok Kumar
Published: May 2017

Background: Sepsis and other infections cause 15% neonatal deaths in India. The present study is to determine the resistance pattern of pathogens causing neonatal sepsis and to provide antibiogram to pediatricians for better patient management.Methods: Positive Blood culture reports of neonatal sepsis cases detected during the years 2014 and 2015 were studied. The antibiotic resistance of the organisms found during the years 2014 and 2015 were compared by calculating the probability (p value) using the standard formula.Results: Coagulase negative staphylococci (CONS) was the most common organism in 2014 whereas pseudomonas was predominant in 2015.Resistance of CONS to amoxycillin and ceftrioxone has significantly increased in 2015.Also resistance of CONS to vancomycin was noted. Resistance of Pseudomonas to cefuroxime, ceftazidime and amoxicillin/clavulanuic acid combination were increased but not significantly. There was also emerging resistance of pseudomonas to gentamicin and amikacin. Resistance of acinetobacter to cefuroxime, ceftrioxone and gentamicin has increased in 2015 but not significantly. Citrobacter showed a significant increase in resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid combination (p=0.006).Conclusions: Bacterial spectrum causing neonatal sepsis varies in different regions, varies in the same site during different time periods, also their antibiotic resistance pattern varies in different regions and changes constantly. Increase in resistance to commonly used antibiotics stress the need of rational use of antibiotics.
Non-adherence to anti- diabetic therapy and its consequences among type-2 diabetic patients in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: J. Veeresh , Chavan Vasanth R. , Arshad Mohammad , M. Raghunandan , Fayazuddin Mohd.
Published: May 2017

Background: Despite the extensive therapy options available for various stages of type 2 diabetes, studies have indicated that less than 50% of patients achieve the glycemic goals. Failure to attain the desired therapeutic goal might be related to inadequate adherence. Objectives of present study were to determine the extent of non-adherence to antidiabetic medications and identify reasons for the same.Methods: A cross-sectional, observational, questionnaire-based study was conducted to assess the level of non-adherence to antidiabetic therapy among type 2 diabetics attending medicine outpatient department or admitted to the wards of a tertiary care hospital from Jan 2015 to Jan 2016. A pretested and validated questionnaire was used to assess the level of adherence. Reasons for missing medications were also elicited. Data thus collected was analysed using a suitable statistical software.Results: Out of the 210 study participants, 55.2% were females. Most participants were in the age group of 51-60. The mean duration of diabetes was 8.17± 5.39. The most common diabetes-related complication was Diabetic Keto Acidosis (DKA), followed by diabetic foot ulcer. The average number of drugs per prescription was 1.98 ± 1.05. Poor glycemic control was observed in 58% and non-adherence to treatment in 45.2% of study participants.Conclusions: Good adherence to antidiabetic therapy is fundamental for good glycemic control which in turn prevents the occurrence of short and long-term complications of diabetes. Poor doctor-patient intercommunication and inadequacy on part of physicians to adjust medications negatively affect adherence. Active participation of the patient is also equally important.
Comparative study of episiotomy repair: absorbable synthetic versus chromic catgut suture material
Authors: Perumal Devika , Selvaraju Divya
Published: May 2017

Background: The choice of suture material for repair of episiotomy or perineal laceration is largely of one’s personal preference. Chromic catgut was widely used in most institutions. It now appears that chromic catgut is associated with more postpartum discomfort and hence chromic catgut has been largely replaced by synthetic absorbable materials like polyglactin and polyglycolic acid.Methods: The study was conducted in Institute of Social Obstetrics and Government Kasturba Gandhi Hospital, Chennai. This is a prospective, comparative study involving two groups. The use of a rapidly absorbing form of synthetic absorbable suture material, in the repair of episiotomy or perineal laceration in 100 patients during the study period February 2012 to July 2012, were simultaneously compared with the traditional natural absorbable suture material.Results: With the use of rapidly absorbing polyglactin 910, there was a significant reduction (p=0.000) in the short-term pain, 19 compared to 80 in the control group. With regard to wound dehiscence and the need for resuturing, there was statistically significant difference in the control group (15%) compared to the study group (0%). There was no statistical significance between the two groups in terms of dyspareunia (12.4% vs 10.7%).Conclusions: Fast-absorbing form of Polyglactin seems to be effective in reducing some of the morbidity associated with perineal repair following childbirth. There was significant reduction in the short-term pain and the need for analgesia. The incidence of wound dehiscence was markedly reduced.
A case of bicuspid aortic valve with coarctation of aorta
Authors: Bhattacharya Shubhadev , Kumar Sudesh , Jhajhria Narender Singh , Gupta Vijay Kumar
Published: May 2017

A 28-year-old male patient presented with angina on exertion for 3 years, dyspnea on exertion for 2 years. On examination patient was average built, having slow rising pulse, with ejection systolic murmur over aortic area, radiating to carotids. Blood investigations were normal, ECG was suggestive of LV strain pattern, Chest X ray was suggestive of LV type apex with notching of inferior margins of ribs. 2D Echocardiography was done, and was suggestive of thickened calcified bicuspid aortic valve, aortic annulus 21 mm, ascending aorta 42 mm, Gradient across aortic valve Peak 100 mmHg, Mean 64 mmHg. Patient was referred for Aortic valve replacement. However, in view of borderline dilated ascending aorta, CT aortography was done, and was suggestive of membranous juxtaductal Coarctation of aorta with no antegrade contrast opacification suggesting total aortic occlusion with reformation of aorta through large systemic thoracic wall and mediastinal collaterals.
Evaluation of two diagnostic methods of scrub typhus with Bayes rule
Authors: Kabi Shobhitendu , Das Chandan , Rath Siba N. , Panda Baikuntha N. , Padhy Rabindra N.
Published: May 2017

Background: Scrub typhus or rickettsia, a zoonotic infection occurs due to the transmission of Gram-negative bacteria, Orientia tsutsugamushi and/or Tsutsugamushi sp. by the larval stage of the trombiculid mite, Leptotrombidium deliense. Infections at endothelial cells and phagocytes manifest clinically as vasculitis with an acute onset of fever, rashes, headache, myalgia, multiple organ dysfunction, eschar, respiratory morbidity, meningioencephalitis and sepsis syndrome on skin, whose severity varying with patients. Herein obtained data is used for evaluating the dependability of two determinative tests.Methods: The prospective survey with 80 rickettsia patients was carried during the last 6 months of 2016. Patients with the occurrence of fever for more than two days and a clinical suspicion of rickettsia infection were promoted for Weil-Felix as well as, ELISA tests.Results: The prevalence of rickettsia in the population of 80 patients was 17.5, and the sensitivity (the portion of the people with the rickettsia infection who will have positive Weil-Felix test results) value was 0.7143 and specificity (the people without the disease who will have negative Weil-Felix test results) value was 0.9697. Probability of Weil Felix test positive was 0.15, and probability of ELISA test positive was 0.175.Conclusions: The dependability of each test independently or a posteriori probability was 0.857. Both tests are dependable for correctness of outcomes being 0.857 or 85.7%, in combination; a high specificity value of Weil Felix test is a valuable test.
Additive Effect of Plasma Rich in Growth Factors With Guided Tissue Regeneration in Treatment of Intrabony Defects in Patients With Chronic Periodontitis: A Split‐Mouth Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Ravi Sheethalan , Malaiappan Sankari , Varghese Sheeja , Jayakumar Nadathur D. , Prakasam Gopinath
Published: May 2017

Background: Periodontal regeneration can be defined as complete restoration of lost periodontal tissues to their original architecture and function. A variety of treatment modalities have been proposed to achieve it. Plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) is a concentrated suspension of growth factors that promotes restoration of lost periodontal tissues. The objective of the present study is to assess the effect of PRGF associated with guided tissue regeneration (GTR) versus GTR only in the treatment of intrabony defects (IBDs) in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP).

Methods: Patients with CP (n = 14) with 42 contralateral 2‐ and 3‐walled defects were randomly assigned to test (PRGF+GTR) and control (GTR alone) treatment groups. Clinical and radiographic assessments performed at baseline and after 6 months were: 1) gingival index (GI), 2) probing depth (PD), 3) clinical attachment level (CAL), 4) radiologic defect depth, and 5) bone fill.

Results: Comparison of parameters measured at baseline and after 6 months showed mean PD reduction of 3.37 ± 1.62 mm in the control group (P <0.001) and 4.13 ± 1.59 mm in the test group (P <0.001). There was a significant difference in mean change in CAL (P <0.001) in the control group (5.42 ± 1.99) and the test group (5.99 ± 1.77). Mean change in GI was 1.89 ± 0.32 and 1.68 ± 0.58 in the control group and test group, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.001). When compared between groups, clinical parameters did not show any statistically significant variations. Mean radiographic bone fill was 1.06 ± 0.81 and 1.0 ± 0.97 in the control group and test group, respectively. However, the difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusions: PRGF with GTR, as well as GTR alone, was effective in improving clinical and radiographic parameters of patients with CP at the 6‐month follow‐up. There was no additive effect of PRGF when used along with GTR in the treatment of IBDs in patients with CP in terms of both clinical and radiologic outcomes.
Poor or Just Feeling Poor-Situation in Albania
Authors: Bici Ruzhdie , Mancellari Ahmet
Published: May 2017

There exist different methods and definition how to measure poverty. It can be measured by income or consumption, objectively or as a perception of individuals for their socio-economic situation.The objective and subjective poverty are highly correlated and both are influenced by socioeconomic factors. Till now, it is the objective poverty mostly considered while the subjective one has been analyzed only as a part of it. Assessments of the subjective poverty are more scarce, especially in the case of transition countries. Different studies proposed advantages and disadvantages of using each method. The significance of different factors shows the characteristics and the trend of monetary or subjective poverty. The national poverty is Albania is calculated through monetary poverty. There are a set of influenced factors related with household composition, geographic division, education and other socio-economic indicators. In this paper we analyze the perception of individuals for the poverty, the relationship of this perception with the objective poverty, and the socio-demographic factors that influence the probability of being poor. There are used the data from the Albanian Living Standard Measurement Survey (LSMS).