bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of COVID-19 on the debate on open science: An analysis of expert opinion
Authors: Marshall Melanie Benson , Pinfield Stephen , Abbott Pamela , Cox Andrew , Alperin Juan Pablo , Barata Germana , Chtena Natascha , Dorsch Isabelle , Fleerackers Alice , de Oliveira Monique Batista , Peters Isabella
Published: January 2024

This study is an analysis of the international debate on open science that took place during the pandemic. It addresses the question, how did the COVID-19 pandemic impact the debate on open science? The study takes the form of a qualitative analysis of a large corpus of key articles, editorials, blogs and thought pieces about the impact of COVID on open science, published during the pandemic in English, German, Portuguese, and Spanish. The findings show that many authors believed that it was clear that the experience of the pandemic had illustrated or strengthened the case for open science, with language such as a “stress test”, “catalyst”, “revolution” or “tipping point” frequently used. It was commonly believed that open science had played a positive role in the response to the pandemic, creating a clear ‘line of sight’ between open science and societal benefits. Whilst the arguments about open science deployed in the debate were not substantially new, the focuses of debate changed in some key respects. There was much less attention given to business models for open access and critical perspectives on open science, but open data sharing, preprinting, information quality and misinformation became most prominent in debates. There were also moves to reframe open science conceptually, particularly in connecting science with society and addressing broader questions of equity.
Exogenous Increases in Basic Income Provisions Increase Preventative Health-Seeking Behavior: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Motta Matt , Haglin Kathryn
Published: January 2024

Universal Basic Income (UBI) policies have the potential to promote a wide range of public health objectives – including the consumption of healthful food, reducing anxiety associated with financial stressors (e.g., bill payments), and seeing a physician when sick – by providing those who qualify with direct cash payments. One overlooked mechanism of particular importance to health researchers is the possibility that guaranteed income might increase consultation of primary and preventive care (e.g., annual doctors’ visits; regular vaccination against infectious disease) by providing people with both the time and monetary resources to do so, thereby improving general health. We remedy this shortcoming by studying the effects of an exogenous shock to Alaska’s UBI payments to all state residents: the decision in 2022 to render the dividend’s “energy relief” provisions as non-taxable (thereby increasing payments by approximately $2,000 inflation-adjusted dollars). Quasi-experimental random effects regression modeling procedures suggest that the number of Alaskans who sought primary care post-reform (relative to beforehand) increased by 6pp, which was significantly greater than the same difference (2pp) observed across all other (non-UBI) US States (∆ = 4pp, p < 0.01). Relatedly, we detect suggestive evidence that comparatively fewer Alaskans had difficulty affording primary care during this period, although we find less consistent evidence that increased UBI payments increased flu vaccine uptake rates relative to the national average. Our results suggest that basic income policy ought to be thought about as a form of health policy, as it has the potential to advance a wide range of health objectives related to primary and preventive care.
Government Debt Approach on Growth
Authors: Adhikari Padam Kumar , Gajurel Ram Prasad
Published: January 2024

This study aims to analyze the short-run and long-run relationship of nominal GDP (a dependent variable) with the four independent variables, such as domestic loans (dl), foreign loans (fl), export (exp), and gross fixed capital formation (gfcf). Both descriptive and inferential tools were used in this study: the five years of time series data from FY 2015 to FY 2020 under the descriptive design to examine the trends of these five study variables, and the 46 years of data from FY 1975 to FY 2020 and a multiple regression model under the inferential design to measure their relationship. Based on the objective and method, the study found the Nepali economy to be buckling under the weight of a growing and chronic public debt burden since the start of its budgetary process. Therefore, it behooves the government of Nepal to steer its economy towards positive growth in the future by mitigating the adverse effects of the debt burden.
Prevalence of Diabetes, Hypertension and Obesity among Doctors and Nurses in Universal College of Medical Sciences, Bhairahawa, Nepal
Authors: Shah Sudhir Kumar
Published: January 2024

INTRODUCTION Hypertension (HTN) and diabetes mellitus (DM) both are rapidly emerging as public health problems in developing countries. Hypertension is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease and is also a major cause of disability, causing an estimated 13% of all deaths in the world. Diabetes mellitus, hypertension and obesity are very strongly associated with cardiovascular diseases all over the world.
MATERIAL AND METHODS A cross sectional study was done among the doctors and nurse working in UCMS teaching hospital from Sep, 2020 to  Feb, 2021. A total of 138 doctors and nurses were selected using a simple random sampling technique. Descriptive statistical analysis was used for the calculation of central tendency and dispersion measures. Chi- Square test was applied for categorical predictors and P value of less than 0.05 was considered as statistically signiﬁcant.
RESULTS Doctors formed 47 % while nurses formed 53% of the study population. Prevalence of hypertension was found to be 18% among doctors and 7% among nurses. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus was found to be 6% among doctors and 8% among nurses. Prevalence of obesity was found to be 47% among doctors and 48% among nurses. The overall prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and obesity was the order of 25%, 14% and 95% respectively.
CONCLUSION These ﬁndings provide important information on prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and obesity along with its associ- ated risk factors among doctors and nurses working in UCMS teaching hospital. Preventive health measures like low fat diet, physical activity, cessation of smoking, control of alcohol and various strategies are needed for the prevention of these cardio-vascular disease among doctors and nurses working at UCMS teaching hospital.
Pharmacological Evaluation of Cucumis Sativus Linn Fruits Extract For Anti Anxiety And Antidepressant Activity In Experimental Rats
Authors: Mehta Roshan Kuma , Shrestha Sushan , Mehta Vivek Kumar , Thapa Shankar
Published: January 2024

INTRODUCTION Depression and anxiety are common mental health disorders, with a lifetime prevalence of 10% in the general population. Cucumis sativus mostly contain alkaloids, glycosides, terpenoids, ﬂavonoids, tannin used for its diabetic, purgative, skin disease, ulcer protective, laxative, anthelmintic effect. The present study was designed to extract the chemical constituents and evaluation of anti-anxiety and antidepressant activity of Cucumis sativus fruits using experimental rats.
MATERIAL AND METHODS The fruits of the Cucumis sativus plant were collected and chemical constituents were extracted by ethanol as solvent. Wistar rats of 150-250 gram were taken as study animal into four groups. Anti-anxiety and antidepressant activity were performed by Elevated plus maze and Forced swim test in Wistar rat. The ethanolic extract of low dose (250 mg/kg) and high dose (500 mg/kg) were subjected for anti-anxiety and antidepressant activity.
RESULTS
In the elevated plus maze as animal models of anxiety, extract treated 500 mg/kg showed more effective than 250 mg/kg in both time spent and number of entry in open arm but decrease in close arm as compared to control group (p<0.05). In forced swim test as an animal model of depression, extract treated 250 and 500 mg/kg produce signiﬁcant reduction (p<0.05 and p<0.001 respectively) in the immobility period. The extract 500 mg/kg was found to be similar to that of standard drug imipramine (p<0.001).
CONCLUSION The present study concludes that the extract possesses potent and sustained anti-anxiety and antidepressant activity of Cucumis sativus fruits.
Assess the Psychological General Well-Being among Adolescent with Obesity in Selected Schools at Pokhara: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Singh Nitu Kumari , Sah Indu , Soti Harikala
Published: January 2024

INTRODUCTION Childhood Obesity, is a serious medical condition that affects children and adolescents whose BMI at or above the 95th percen- tile for children and teens of the same age and sex. It is particularly troubling because the extra pounds often start children on the path to health problems. Childhood obesity associated with psychological problems such as anxiety and depression. Low self-esteem and lower self-reported quality of life. Social problems such as bullying and stigma. The aim of the study was to assess the level of psychological general well-being of adolescent with obesity and to ﬁnd out the association between the level of psychological general well-being and selected socio-demographic variables of adolescent with obesity.
MATERIAL AND METHODS A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in the Shishu Niketan and Triveni public schools of Pokhara, Nepal from 28/02/2023 to 27/03/2023 adolescents with BMI of 95th or more than 95th percentile was enrolled in the study from 10-19 age in years group after obtaining assent and consent from parents, child, and school authority.
RESULTS Out of 65 sample, 20% had moderate, 75% had good and only 4.6% had high level of psychological general well-being. Place of residence is signiﬁcant P=0.001.
CONCLUSION Childhood obesity is a condition where excess body fat negatively affects a child's health or well-being which affects psycholog- ical well-being of children, leads to anxiety, low self-esteem. Schools play a large role in preventing childhood obesity by providing a safe and supporting environment with policies and practices that support healthy behaviors as well as parents.
Non-Academic Factors (De) Motivating Private School Teachers: A Case of EFL Teachers in the Nepalese Context
Authors: Khanal Laxmi Prasad
Published: January 2024

Motivation plays a crucial role to regulate an individual for the exceptional performance in the workplace. Most importantly, it has drawn a grave attention of the people involved in the field of education in general and English language teaching in particular. This study discusses the fundamental factors, which are non-academic in nature, (de) motivating the secondary level EFL private teachers in the Nepalese context. For the conduction of this study, the narrative inquiry was employed as a research design. Four EFL male teachers teaching at institutional schools in Kathmandu Valley were selected as a sampling population of the study. The informants were chosen via purposive non-random sampling procedure. The data were obtained through in-depth teachers' narratives. The results show that the EFL institutional school teachers were found to be demotivated because of the non-academic factors, which include low social status, sore throat problem, nepotism and kinship, and improper schools' location. This study also suggests to the teacher educators, policy makers, environmentalists, and academic administrators that they take into account these non- academic factors that demotivate the EFL private school teachers so as to bring about a paradigm shift in the overall education system in general and English language teaching in particular in Nepal.
अदालतमा प्रयोग हुने नेपाली भाषा {Nepali Language Used in Court}
Authors: दाहाल Dahal दुर्गाप्रसाद Durga Prasad
Published: January 2024

यसमा अदालतको फैसलामा प्रयोग भएको नेपाली भाषाको अध्ययन भएको छ । अदालतको फैसलामा प्रयोग हुने भाषाका सन्दर्भमा रहेका समस्या र सुधारका विषयमा समेत यसमा महत्वपूर्ण सुझाब प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ । यस प्रकारको अध्ययनले नेपाली भाषाको प्रयोजनपरक अध्ययनका साथै जनताले न्याय पाउने अधिकारलाई पनि सहज बनाउने परिवेशको सिर्जना हुनेछ । अदालतको मुद्दाको फैसलामा प्रयोग भएका शब्दहरूको स्रोतगत अध्ययन गर्नु, अदालतमा मुद्दाको फैसलामा प्रयोग भएका शब्दहरूको निर्माण प्रक्रिया पहिचान गर्नु र अदालतका मुद्दाको फैसलामा भएका वाक्यहरूको गठन अध्ययन गर्नु महत्वपूर्ण हुन्छ । अदालतमा मुद्दाको फैसलामा प्रयोग भएका भाषाको स्रोत, निर्माण र वाक्यगठन सम्बन्धमा मुद्दाका फैसलामा फाइल अध्ययन गरी तथ्याङ्क सङ्कलन गरिएको छ । कानुनी नेपाली भाषामा लामो वाक्यमात्र नभई वाक्यगठनमा व्याकरणका नियमलाई पनि बेवास्ता गरिएको हुन्छ । यस्ता लेखाइमा अशुद्धता र प्रस्तुतिगत स्पष्टताको अभाव हुन्छ । यस्ता लेखनमा वाक्य पनि क्लिष्ट रहेका हुन्छन् । अदालतमा प्रयोग हुने नेपाली भाषामा संस्कृत, अरबी, फारसी, तुर्की आदि भाषाका शब्दहरूको बाहुल्य पाइन्छ । अदालती भाषामा पुरातन लेखनशैली पाइन्छ । यसमा पूर्णबिरामको सट्टा अल्पविराम चिह्न प्रयोग गरी वाक्य अस्वाभाविक रूपमा लम्ब्याउने र शुद्धताको बेवास्ता गर्ने गरेको देखिन्छ । अदालती लेखनमा अत्यन्त लामो प्रस्तुति गरिने भएकाले एउटै कुरा दोहरिएको हुन्छ । अदालती भाषाको यस प्रकारको पुनरावृत्तिलाई हटाउदै प्रस्तुतिलाई आवश्यकता अनुसार सङ्क्षिप्त बनाउनुपर्ने हुन्छ । यस प्रकारका लेखनमा कतिपय अनावश्यक तथ्यसमेत उल्लेख हुनाले प्रस्तुति लामो र भद्दा बन्नपुग्छ । यसका लागि यस्ता लेखनमा आवश्यक तथ्यहरू मात्र उल्लेख गरिनुपर्छ भन्ने कुरालाई मनन गर्नुपर्छ । अदालतमा प्रयोग हुने लेखनका लामो वाक्य आम अभ्यासको प्रचलनका रूपमा रहेको छ । यस प्रकारको प्रचलनलाई हटाई छोटा वाक्यहरूको प्रयोग गर्नु आवश्यक देखिन्छ ।
Telum manu fugiens and Involuntary Homicide in Medieval Canon Law
Authors: Jońca Maciej
Published: January 2024

Medieval jurists succeeded in making the first attempts, which then made it possible to rank the degrees of guilt as follows: dolus – culpa – casus. Roman law addressed cases of unintentional crimes in a descriptive manner. For the manslaughter situation, they used the description of a weapon that escaped someone’s hand on its own and caused a someone’s death. A regulation of this kind has already appeared in the Law of the XII Tables. The topos of a weapon that itself escapes from a man’s hand was also used by early Christian writers. From there it made its way into medieval compilations of canon law.
Lagrangian analysis of the Feynman paradox
Authors: Torres del Castillo Gerardo Francisco
Published: January 2024

It is shown that the direct use of the Lagrange equations allows us to analyze the entire process involved in the Feynman paradox, without having to speak of the angular momentum of the electromagnetic field.
On the dynamics of a rolling spherical charged shell
Authors: Cervantes Contreras Aldrin , Santillán Rodríguez Abel , Soria Silva Luis Gerardo
Published: January 2024

In this work, we investigate the behaviour of a charged spherical shell rolling on an inclined plane, in presence of a point charge located at the lowest part of the inclined plane. The shell generates two magnetic fields, one due to its rotation and another due to its translation, These magnetic fields affect the shell through self-inductance. On the other hand, the charge in the lowest part of the inclined plane interacts with the shell, and we find that under certain conditions the spherical shell rolls back and up the inclined plane due to the electric force. We perform a numerical analysis to study this behavior.
A catenary-like cable confined in a circular cylinder
Authors: De Lacerda E. G. M. , Salazar Hector Carrion
Published: January 2024

The problem of obtaining the curve of a cable suspended between two points, supporting only its own weight, was solved simultaneously, in the 17th century, by Johann Bernoulli, Leibniz, and Huygens. This curve is called the catenary. This article solves a modified problem in which the suspended cable is confined in a vertical cylinder. For this, an functional is formulated to describe the potential energy of a fixed-length confined cable in any possible arrangement. Then, the variational problem of extremizing this functional is presented and the Euler-Lagrange differential equation is deduced. The analytical solution of this equation is obtained for the cable suspended by two points at equal and different heights. Furthermore, the tensile force acting on the cable is determined. Numerical results are presented comparing the effect of confinement on the tensile force in relation to the traditional catenary.
Research skills R+D+I and industry 4.0, STEM and TRIZ and their application in the professional skills of applied physics students
Authors: Coello Pisco Silvia Magdalena , Rodríguez B. , Banguera L. , Baidal E.
Published: January 2024

The advancement of science and technology requires that future professionals in all fields of study have developed certain professional and investigative skills. The impact of the industrial revolution 4.0 has included the education sector. For these reasons, we designed a chart based on five competencies that are essential for the professional improvement of future graduates of the Engineering career. These competencies were: industry 4.0, TRIZ, STEM and research competencies in R+D+i projects. A didactic material was prepared to be applied to 225 basic level students in the subject of Applied Physics together with a rubric that determines the skills that the participants have developed during their study from the upper secondary level to the basic level of the career. engineering. The quantitative analysis of the study was carried out with inferential descriptive statistics, in which we found that the students have not developed certain skills: social skills, leadership, cooperative work, assertive communication, demotivation, lack of interest in contributing ideas in group work, no they know how to assign roles. A qualitative technique of motivational didactic development (survey of previous motivations, prejudices and feelings) and the inventive TRIZ were applied to promote the development of certain skills in students. The qualitative analysis of the study was carried out with the Chi Square technique, the results of our research confirm that the didactic-pedagogical-experimental technique has a significant impact on the improvement or development of professional skills in students regardless of the skills acquired in previous years. levels
2008 WAR IN GEORGIA AND USA POSITION
Authors: Lali Kapanadze  , Joseph Boccuzzi
Published: January 2024

This article traces the historical evolution of the diplomatic relations between the United States and Georgia, focusing on key events from the recognition of Georgia's independence in 1991 to the present day. The narrative explores the dynamics of the Russo-Georgian relationship and the pivotal role the United States played in supporting Georgia's democratic aspirations, particularly in its pursuit of NATO membership. The analysis delves into critical moments such as the 2008 war between Russia and Georgia, shedding light on the U.S. stance and its impact on subsequent international developments, including Russia's invasion of Ukraine in 2014.

The article highlights the continuity of U.S. support for Georgia across various administrations, emphasizing the consistent theme of backing Georgia's territorial integrity, sovereignty, and democratic principles. Special attention is given to the strategic partnership between the two nations, as reflected in the 2009 Strategic Partnership Charter and subsequent reaffirmations. The study concludes by discussing the current geopolitical landscape, where President Joseph Biden's firm stance against Russian aggression aligns with historical U.S. commitments to Georgia. The article underscores the enduring significance of the U.S.-Georgia relationship and its broader implications for regional stability and democratic values.
Қазақ ұлттық пернетақтасында қазақ әріптерін орналастыру принциптері
Authors: Жаңабекова А. , Тоқмырзаев Д. , Пірманова К. , Тлегенова Г.
Published: January 2024

Мақалада латын графикасын қолданатын еуропа және түркі тілдеріндегі пернетақталардағы әріптердің орналастырылуы салыстырмалы түрде қарастырылған. Қазақ тілінде жаңа латын әліпбиіндегі ұлттық пернетақта нұсқаларына аналитикалық талдау жасалған. Әлем тілдеріндегі латыннегізді пернетақталарда әріптерді орналастырудың критерийлері анықталған. Сонымен қатар латыннегізді қазақ ұлттық пернетақтасын жасауда негізге алынатын принциптер туралы ұсыныстар жасалған. Авторлар мақалада жаңа ұлттық жазуға негізделген қазақ пернетақтасына әріптерді тиімді орналастырудың ғылыми әрі тәжірибелік негіздерін айқындау мәселелерін көтерген. Яғни қазақ пернетақтасында мәтіндерді тез әрі сапалы теру үшін әріптер жиілігін анықтау және осы жиілік ұстаным бойынша пернетақтада қазақ әріптерін тиімді орналастыру аса өзекті. Осындай ғылымитеориялық зерттеулерден кейін жаңа латын әліпбиін енгізу қарсаңында ұсынылған ұлттық пернетақтажобаларына талдау жасалып, олардың әрбірі бойынша эксперимент жүргізіледі.
The influence of the French language on the names of the Bulgarian and Turkish media
Authors: Vesselinov D. , Yordanova М.
Published: January 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the influence of the French language on the names of the Bulgarian and Turkish media. The empruntological analysis of the French influence on the formation of Bulgarian and иTurkish terms for naming newspapers and magazines shows a complex process of designing the French experience in the print media on the Bulgarian and Turkish language  systems. The aim of the study is to trace the process of penetration of French terms for print media (gazette, journal, revue) and their derivatives (gazetier, journaliste; journalisme; journalistique) in Turkish and Bulgarian. The scope of the research is limited to a thematic field composed of the French for the main print media (gazette, journal, revue) with the respective empruntological projections in Turkish and Bulgarian (receiving languages). It is of interest to trace the semantic changes of these Frenchisms in the respective linguistic and cultural neighboring spaces
Dioctophyme renale em cão: Relato de caso
Authors: Cardoso Rafaela Fernandes , Tagliari Nelson Júnior
Published: January 2024

Dioctophimosis is a pathology caused by the worm Dioctophyme renale, mainly affecting dogs but can occur in all mammals. The diagnosis and treatment of a one and a half year old female dog presenting hematuria was carried out at the Uniritter Veterinary Medical Complex. For the diagnosis, blood collection, total abdominal ultrasound were performed, which revealed the parasite and a qualitative urine test that showed hematuria, proteinuria, presence of leukocytes, erythrocytes, transitional epithelial cells, bacteria and parasite eggs. The treatment instituted was surgical removal (nephrectomy), which was effective and brought about the patient's recovery.
Slot ventral para descompressão medular em cão com extrusão do disco intervertebral cervical: Relato de caso
Authors: Campos Yuan Goes Ribeiro , Silva Murilo Henrique Dias da , Soares Maria Vitória Muchacho , Martins Bernardo De Caro
Published: January 2024

Intervertebral disc disease is the most common myelopathy in dogs, with the cervical region accounting for up to 25% of cases. The main type of intervertebral disc herniation is Hansen type I intervertebral disc extrusion, which involves the displacement of degenerated disc material into the vertebral canal through a fissure in the dorsal annulus fibrosus, leading to spinal cord compression. The most common clinical sign of cervical extrusions is cervical hyperesthesia, and associated neurological deficits are less frequent when compared to thoracolumbar extrusions. In this sense, our objective is to report a case of cervical intervertebral disc extrusion in a Pinscher dog who underwent the ventral slot surgical procedure associated with fenestration of the intervertebral disc for spinal decompression. The treatment resulted in complete recovery of the patient's clinical condition, absence of pain and good quality of life.
Transposição da comissura labial para correção de coloboma palpebral em gato: Relato de caso
Authors: Guimarães Tarcísio Guerra , Cardoso Karla Menezes , Mamede Fabricio Villela , Delatore Carlos Eduardo Moura , Morais Stella Cobra Minghini de , Alexandre Nuno
Published: January 2024

Coloboma or eyelid agenesis is a common congenital defect in cats. Absence of eyelid segments can often exhibit severe secondary ocular disorders. The only effective treatment is surgical correction. Different surgical techniques can be used to correct palpebral coloboma in cats. Our goal is to report the repair of a palpebral coloboma in a cat, using the lip commissure transposition surgical technique. This technique consists of obtaining a mucocutaneous flap that simulates a natural eyelid, originating from the labial commissure, and transposing it to the eyelid defect. The technique was effective in repairing the eyelid defect, providing good functional results, better corneal protection and was cosmetically acceptable.
CAUSES OF SOFT ROTS OF VEGETABLE CROPS OF THE DICKEYA GENUS
Authors: Kolomyets Yu. , Butsenko L , Lisovyi О. , Ozadovska Ya.
Published: January 2024

The significant changes taking place recently in the agrocenoses of our country are quite a challenge for specialists in plant protection. Among other problems, attention is drawn to the increase in the number and harmfulness of bacterial diseases.

Vegetable crops are in the area of special attention. The spread of soft bacterial rot during the cultivation and storage of vegetables causes significant losses to farms. Forecasting the spread and organization of measures to control pathogens of bacterial soft rots of vegetable crops requires an assessment of the spectrum of widespread pathogens. In recent years, pathogens of the genus Dickeya have attracted special attention among the causative agents of bacterial soft rots of vegetable crops. This pathogen was previously found only in the tropics and subtropics. However, in recent years, the number of reports on damage to various vegetable crops by this phytopathogen in European countries has been increasing.

The movement of the pathogen to the north is also accompanied by an increase in the aggressiveness of the pathogen and an increase in economic losses from damage by wet bacterial rot both during the cultivation of plants and during the period of crop storage.

The purpose of the presented research is to analyze and summarize data on the harmfulness, ways of spreading, identification and methods of control of pathogens of bacterial soft rots of vegetable crops of the genus Dickeya. The work uses general scientific (generalization, comparison, system analysis) methods.

It was established that phytopathogenic bacteria of the genus Dickeya have a significant potential for introduction on the territory of Ukraine. Bacterial rot caused by representatives of this genus can affect the most important vegetable crops for our country: potatoes, carrots, tomatoes. The spread of pathogens of the genus Dickeya occurs with seed material during agricultural work. To prevent significant economic losses from this pathogen, it is necessary, first of all, to introduce pre-sowing control of seed material.
Exiles on Main Street: The Centrality of Exile in Transatlantic Relations
Authors: Scott-Smith Giles
Published: January 2024

This article explores the meaning of exile in political theory and its importance within our understanding of political organization and more specifically transatlantic relations. Attention for the political ramifications of the movement of people across borders is divided among the study of diasporas, forced migration, and cultural transfer, as well as exile. The article covers the definition of the term and its use in the Western political tradition, focusing on its meaning and its relevance for conceptions of political progress under modernity. By examining the use of “exile” in relation to Latin American politics, the article puts forward a contrasting critical sketch of exile in transatlantic relations through the 20th century.
Mercenaries of a Phantom War The “Hostile Emigration” in Yugoslavia’s Globalized Ideology of Insecurity
Authors: Robionek Bernd
Published: January 2024

Yugoslav state security services became infamous for organizing dozens of targeted killings against hostile emigrants abroad. What can be regarded as an interlinked chain of violence and counter-violence has more to it. First, there is the experience of external threats (not only) common to Communist leaders. But in the Yugoslav case, the global non-aligned position of the country strengthened the insecurity felt by the leadership. This was caused by a close identification with Third World countries affected by Cold War interventions. Officials and politicians concerned with security matters interpreted the continuing aggression of the “hostile emigration” as part and proof of a subliminal “Special War” against the socialist self-administration system. As a response, the state security stepped up the lethal operations in the host countries of the “hostile emigration”. The study starts with the development of anti-Communist and pro-Soviet exile activism in the post-war period. It traces the reinforcement of the danger posed by hostile émigrés back to the early 1960s, when Yugoslavia became a prominent member of the Non- Aligned Movement. Also, it analyses the roots of the “Special War” and shows how this idea of external intervention was transferred to the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY). The consequences of the adaptation to the Yugoslav conditions are addressed as well as the outcome for the treatment of the “hostile emigration.” A critical assessment of émigré terrorism is followed by the presentation of exemplified cases. This essay seeks for a better comprehension of the mental disposition behind the drastic measures applied by Yugoslav secret services. Therefore, it is focused on the importance of the antagonistic emigration for the concept of the “Special War.”
Baltic Refugees of World War II and Their Descendants: Resettlement and Adaptation in Four Lands
Authors: Haas Ain
Published: January 2024

At the end of World War II, an unprecedented burst of politically motivated emigration occurred from Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, to escape incorporation into the Soviet Union. This report describes processes of resettlement and adaptation in four lands: Sweden, Canada, Australia, and the United States of America. The analysis examines how refugees’ and descendants’ experiences were shaped by selectivity of evacuation, camps for displaced persons, clustering patterns, and host country policies. The traumas, disruptions, and deprivations experienced during several years of war, foreign occupation, and rootlessness in refugee camps did not prove to create enduring disadvantages, as the second generation more than made up for the ground lost (at least for several years) by their parents. The yearslong journey of the refugees in finding new homes and new careers turned out to be most conducive to the creation of a global network of cohesive, viable, and interdependent ethnic communities. The Baltic refugees prefer to think of themselves as maintaining the traditions of their homelands, but they learned to do some important things differently on the way to new lands, through a process of social levelling and cooperation within their own local ethnic group, as well as through interacting with other local communities of their own kind, with other Baltic groups, and with their new neighbors in the host countries. Later generations will not continue to do everything like their elders did, but substantial numbers of descendants still show a rather high degree of commitment to maintaining their cultural and even linguistic heritage in some form.
The Response of the International Community to the Genocide in Rwanda and the War in Ukraine
Authors: Maksymiuk Magdalena
Published: January 2024

The present thesis aims to describe the response of the international community to the genocide in Rwanda, and to assess current actions in the context of the war in Ukraine. It defines what genocide is, how it happened in Rwanda, and what proves that the incidents in Ukraine can be referred to as genocide.
“Inter Arma Silent Musae”. Destroying Museums, Historical Buildings, and Monuments during the War in the Ukraine as War Crimes within the Meaning of International Law
Authors: Zawacka-Klonowska Dominika , Główczewska Aleksandra
Published: January 2024

The article summarizes the situation related to the armed conflict in Ukraine in the context of the destruction of monuments and cultural objects as a war crime. The considerations relate to the provisions of international and European law, as well as to the positions developed by international case law. The stands of the international organization and community alongside the bodies of the European Union have been indicated. Poland’s efforts to help Ukrainian monuments are also discussed. Reference is made to the activities of the Center for Cultural Assistance in Ukraine established in Poland, within the structure of the National Heritage Institute and the Committee for Assistance to Museums of Ukraine.
Some legal aspects of Russian policy towards neighbouring countries
Authors: Goradze George
Published: January 2024

Russia’s policy towards neighbouring countries and nations has always been dictated by imperialist and expansionist goals. To achieve them, Russia used brutal methods, including direct military aggression, incit­ing ethnic conflicts, genocide and ethnic cleansing. There are many examples of this in history in the form of the genocide of the Caucasian nations in the 19th century, the Holodomor against Ukrainian people, Soviet repres­sions, the ethnic cleansing of Georgians in the Abkhazia and Tskhinvali region at the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century, and others. Nevertheless, Russia has not been held accountable for its actions. The war against Ukraine, which started in February 2022, dispelled all illusions of the democratic world towards Russia. Today, the democratic world is united, and the primary basis of this unity is the values, which it must bear responsibility for protecting. For this purpose, all international legal levers and institutions should be used. Russia’s leadership must be brought to justice, and the country must be held financially accountable. The only way for peace between Russia and the world is the democratisation of Russia, which is only possible through international legal coercion, as happened in the case of Nazi Germany. This article is an attempt to present the specific facts of Russia’s aggressive and imperialist policy towards neighbouring countries, especially towards Georgia, the specific legal levers for combating this policy, and future perspectives.
Praca socjalna z migrantami/uchodźcami jako obszar bezpieczeństwa socjalnego wyzwaniem dla polityki społecznej
Authors: Młyński Józef
Published: January 2024

Artykuł podejmuje zagadnienie pracy socjalnej z migrantami/uchodźcami w obszarze bezpieczeństwa socjalnego. Celem jest ukazanie bezpieczeństwa socjalnego migrantów/uchodźców jako wyzwania dla polityki społecznej w środowisku lokalnym. Na wstępie przedstawiono postrzeganie uchodźcy w świadomości społecznej, kolejno omówiono uchodźstwo jako wyzwanie dla polityki społecznej; następnie ukazano rolę i zadania pomocy społecznej w realizacji bezpieczeństwa socjalnego w ramach pracy socjalnej, pokazano pracę socjalną z uchodźcami z perspektywy środowiska lokalnego. Jako wnioski, innowacje, rekomendacje wskazano, iż zaleca się poszerzenie oferty poradnictwa specjalistycznego, w tym poradnictwa rodzinnego o wsparcie emocjonalne, stanowiące podstawowy etap zabezpieczenia socjalnego i zdrowotnego. Rozwinięcie oferty o udzielanie porad z zakresu rynku pracy, porad edukacyjnych (językowych), oraz asystenturę kulturową. Ten rodzaj pomocy stanowi deficyt osobowy oraz wykracza poza obowiązki kompetencyjne pracowników socjalnych. Zapewnienie bezpieczeństwa socjalnego migrantom/uchodźcom nie zawsze jest komplementarne i spójne ze społecznym postrzeganiem uchodźców i zalecanymi formami pomocy.
            PROBLEM i METODY BADAWCZE: Uchodźstwo jako wyzwanie dla polityki społecznej. Zastosowano analizę literatury przedmiotu, ilościową i jakościową analizę zawartości i treści raportów CBOS i OBOP.
            PROCES WYWODU: na wstępie przedstawiono postrzeganie uchodźcy w świadomości społecznej, kolejno omówiono uchodźstwo jako wyzwanie dla polityki społecznej; następnie ukazano rolę i zadania pomocy społecznej w realizacji bezpieczeństwa socjalnego w ramach pracy socjalnej, pokazano pracę socjalną z uchodźcami z perspektywy środowiska lokalnego.
            WYNIKI ANALIZY NAUKOWEJ: Praca socjalna domaga się podejścia skoncentrowanego na indywidualnych rozwiązaniach z dostosowaniem odpowiednich form metodycznego postępowania. Pracownik socjalny powinien pełnić rolę animatora lokalnego reprezentującego polską rzeczywistość usług społecznych, reprezentującego uchodźców w urzędach lokalnych. Prowadzić holistyczny wymiar wsparcia w obszarze proponowanych programów integracyjnych. Powinien łączyć pracę terenową z pracą administracyjną z zachowaniem przepisów i norm prawnych.
WNIOSKI, INNOWACJE, REKOMENDACJE: Rekomenduje się poszerzenie oferty poradnictwa specjalistycznego, w tym poradnictwa rodzinnego o wsparcie emocjonalne, stanowiące podstawowy etap zabezpieczenia socjalnego i zdrowotnego. Rozwinięcie oferty o udzielanie porad z zakresu rynku pracy, porad edukacyjnych (językowych), oraz asystenturę kulturową. Brakuje wykwalifikowanych pracowników socjalnych w obszarze zindywidualizowanego poradnictwa. Ten rodzaj pomocy, stanowi deficyt osobowy oraz wykracza poza obowiązki kompetencyjne pracowników socjalnych. Zapewnienie bezpieczeństwa socjalnego migrantom/uchodźcom nie zawsze jest komplementarne i spójne ze społecznym postrzeganiem uchodźców i zalecanymi formami pomocy.
Kekeberen oral custom as a media in incorporating educational values
Authors: Bujangga Hendriyanto
Published: January 2024

This study seeks to determine the significance of Kekeberen-based education in the Gayo community. This is qualitative and ethnographic research. The findings show that the educational values ​​contained in the Kekeberen tradition in the Gayo community are the values ​​of moral education, the values ​​of cultural education, and the values ​​of character education. The Conclusions that the education system of the Gayo people, which is based on the oral tradition of kekeberen, emphasizes psychology and emotions to cultivate a sense of taste, as they believe that people with a good soul will also have sound intellectual and cognitive development. Berkeberen refers to verbal and nonverbal interaction and communication between actors and listeners, which makes it simpler for actors to impart certain moral messages and values. Almost all of its tales place a greater emphasis on education, particularly that which leads to the formation of moral values, character, and traditions.
Joe Biden’s foreign policy in dealing with China
Authors: Zaki Amril Hanif , Sahide Ahmad
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this study is to examine the foreign policy of the Joe Biden era in dealing with China. The authors use qualitative research, data sources from Web, Scopus, Taylor, and documents from the United States Department of State. The author uses a supporting application, namely, VOS Viewer. After that, it is analyzed using the theory of liberalism in tracing Joe Biden's foreign policy. Therefore, this article resulted in Joe Biden implementing his "Foreign Policy for the Middle Class" strategy. Joe Biden has revived EU-US dialog and coordinated sanctions against Chinese officials in response to human rights abuses in Xinjiang. The US uses a strategic approach in industrial planning to maintain competitiveness with China. Biden's first trade policy action involved an executive order regarding government procurement. Its military policy focuses on multilateral action to limit Chinese operations and reduce their impact on collaboration with allies.
The emergence of serious leisure research: trends and directions for leisure-based entrepreneurship
Authors: Kumar Shanmugam Senthil , Ragini Chauhan
Published: January 2024

This study combines bibliometric analysis and a literature review to analyze the present state of serious leisure research. A bibliographic study focuses on the quantity and quality of publications pertaining to serious leisure. It investigates patterns in article creation, citations, the most cited authors, publications, and countries that contribute to the body of knowledge. In recent years, the number of articles on serious leisure has increased significantly, reflecting a growing interest in this field of study. The literature review investigates the connection between serious leisure and entrepreneurship. The review findings also emphasize the potential advantages of serious leisure entrepreneurship, such as enhanced quality of life and the development of customized special-interest goods. The study suggests a number of prospective research avenues for researchers interested in the junction of serious leisure and entrepreneurship.
Chatbot research: Unveiling evolutionary trends and collaborative pathways through bibliometric analysis
Authors: Manigandan L. , Sivakumar Alur
Published: January 2024

As technology continues to grow and rapidly transform, marketing techniques have adapted to meet the evolving desires and requirements of customers. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning, coupled with the widespread popularity of the internet and messaging platforms, have led businesses to shift their focus toward chatbots. This study aims to contribute to the field of chatbot research by conducting a bibliometric analysis of chatbot papers available in the Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) databases. A comprehensive analysis of 360 articles was performed utilizing the Bibliometrix software package. The keywords "Chatbot" and "Artificial Intelligence" emerged as the most frequently employed terms in the majority of publications. Collaboration between the United States and China was found to be the most extensive in the field. However, limited studies have been conducted on marketing-related aspects of chatbots, such as anthropomorphism, customer satisfaction, and trust. This study reviews Scopus and WoS titles and abstracts to provide an in-depth view of chatbot research and recommends new areas of research.
Bibliometric analysis and research directions concerning visualization of workplace spirituality
Authors: Mohan M. Gayathri , Murugan M.
Published: January 2024

Workplace spirituality has become a significant area for research in recent years due to its ability to benefit employees and improve organizational performance. This research paper analyzes the development of workplace spirituality from 2003 to 2022, with an emphasis on its potential outcomes. Using VOS viewer software, a bibliometric study is performed on a sample of 478 articles from the Scopus database. The study presents various bibliometric indicators, including the number of publications, subject areas, most influential authors, journals, and countries; citation and cocitation maps of authors and journals; and the identification of nineteen central themes and three clusters through co-occurrence analysis. The study also highlights the three major clusters: workplace spirituality and organizational performance, workplace spirituality and leadership, and spirituality and well-being. The paper discusses the various theories and methods used in the WPS literature and provides insights into future research directions. The findings of this study have important implications for scholars and practitioners interested in enhancing the performance of employees and organizations.
Role of microfinance institutions in enhancing street vending business in India
Authors: Sundararaju Ashvini , Theivanayaki Manickavasagam
Published: January 2024

This study aims to analyze how the variables of financial inclusion, access to capital, and financial awareness regarding Microfinance Institutions have impacted the economic empowerment of street vendors in India. Street vending is one of the most prominent facets of the informal economy in India. However, there is a lack of economic understanding among street vendors, resulting in a lack of knowledge and awareness about microfinance services. The absence of knowledge about MFI schemes creates difficulties for street vendors in accessing finance for their business operations. The three independent variables utilized in the study are financial inclusion, access to capital, and financial awareness, respectively, with economic empowerment of street vendors as the dependent variable. Quantitative data has been collected through the use of standard research instruments. Primary data were collected from 393 street vendors in South India and were analyzed using AMOS. It is evident that financial inclusion, access to finance, and financial awareness regarding MFIs have an impact on the economic empowerment of street vendors. This research provides insights into how street vendors in India can optimally utilize microfinance services with the aim of empowering them economically.
Construct measurement for dynamic adaptive capability in Indonesian higher education
Authors: Sumarmi Saptaningsih , Tjahjono Heru Kurnianto , Qamari Ika Nurul
Published: January 2024

The ability of universities and colleges to adapt and respond effectively to these dynamic changes has become an important determinant of their success and relevance in the modern world. This study aimed to develop a comprehensive construct measurement tool to assess the dynamic adaptive capability (DAC) of higher education institutions in Indonesia. We collected data from 41 private universities in Indonesia. The DAC measurement construct consists of four main dimensions, identifying opportunities, creating, modifying and altering, and adapting to the dynamics of change. Each dimension consists of several indicators, which are assessed using face validity and quantitative methods. This study used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to determine construct validity and reliability by evaluating composite reliability (CR) and average variance extracted (AVE) values. The results of this study succeeded in validating and confirming the reliability of the DAC construct. The practical implications of these findings extend to organizations, notably higher education institutions seeking to increase their capacity to navigate a dynamic and uncertain business environment.