bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge Management Systems in Sports: The Role of Organisational Structure, Tacit and Explicit Knowledge
Authors: Erhardt Niclas , Martin-Rios Carlos
Published: April 2016

This paper aims to identify two different knowledge management (KM) systems and their underlying capabilities by accounting for two contextual factors: organisational structures and type of knowledge. Specifically, it seeks to explore how two different organisational structures (mechanistic and organic) shape the way explicit and tacit knowledge is shared, created, and learned. The paper uses a case-based approach of two sports teams as archetypal contexts to inform management research. Findings suggest that a mechanistic structure (American football) emphasises explicit knowledge for sharing of specific directives, centralised, incremental knowledge creation, and organisational learning through memorisation and repetitious actions. In an organic structure (ice hockey), sharing of tacit knowledge, decentralised novel knowledge creation, and organisational learning through empowered experiential learning episodes are emphasised. Findings illustrate the importance of accounting for organisational structures and knowledge needed for different KM systems geared towards efficiency and routine work, and flexibility and non-routine work.
Octonionic geometry and conformal transformations
Authors: Gogberashvili Merab
Published: April 2016

We describe space-time using split octonions over the reals and use their group of automorphisms, the noncompact form of Cartan’s exceptional Lie group G2, as the main geometrical group of the model. Connections of the G2-rotations of octonionic 8D space with the conformal transformations in 4D Minkowski space-time are studied. It is shown that the dimensional constant needed in these analysis naturally gives the observed value of the cosmological constant.
Cybersecurity gets smart
Authors: Greengard Samuel
Published: April 2016

Researchers aim to apply artificial intelligence and machine-learning methods to take cybersecurity to a new, higher, and better level.
Parallel graph analytics
Authors: Lenharth Andrew , Nguyen Donald , Pingali Keshav
Published: April 2016

Data-centric abstractions and execution strategies are needed to exploit parallelism in large-scale graph analytics.
On the naturalness of software
Authors: Hindle Abram , Barr Earl T. , Gabel Mark , Su Zhendong , Devanbu Premkumar
Published: April 2016

Natural languages like English are rich, complex, and powerful. The highly creative and graceful use of languages like English and Tamil, by masters like Shakespeare and Avvaiyar, can certainly delight and inspire. But in practice, given cognitive constraints and the exigencies of daily life, most human utterances are far simpler and much more repetitive and predictable. In fact, these utterances can be very usefully modeled using modern statistical methods. This fact has led to the phenomenal success of statistical approaches to speech recognition, natural language translation, question-answering, and text mining and comprehension.

We begin with the conjecture that
most software is also natural
, in the sense that it is created by humans at work, with all the attendant constraints and limitations---and thus, like natural language, it is also likely to be repetitive and predictable. We then proceed to ask whether (a) code can be usefully modeled by statistical language models and (b) such models can be leveraged to support software engineers. Using the widely adopted
n
-gram model, we provide empirical evidence supportive of a positive answer to both these questions. We show that code is also very regular, and, in fact, even more so than natural languages. As an example use of the model, we have developed a simple code completion engine for Java that, despite its simplicity, already improves Eclipse's completion capability. We conclude the paper by laying out a vision for future research in this area.
Beyond blocks
Authors: Shapiro R. Benjamin , Ahrens Matthew
Published: April 2016

How the future of general-purpose programming tools could include blocks-based structured editing, and how we should study students transitioning to text-based programming tools.
Eyewear computers for human-computer interaction
Authors: Bulling Andreas , Kunze Kai
Published: April 2016

Envisioning, designing, and implementing the user interface require a comprehensive understanding of interaction technologies. In this forum we scout trends and discuss new technologies with the potential to influence interaction design.
--- Albrecht Schmidt, Editor
Outbreak of Norovirus GII.P17-GII.17 in the Canadian Province of Nova Scotia
Authors: LeBlanc Jason J. , Pettipas Janice , Gaston Daniel , Taylor Robin , Hatchette Todd F. , Booth Tim F. , Mandes Russell , McDermid Andrew , Grudeski Elsie
Published: April 2016

Background. Norovirus is the leading cause of viral gastroenteritis, with GII.4 being the most common circulating genotype. Recently, outbreaks in China revealed that norovirus GII.17 GII.P17 had become predominant.Objective. This study aimed to characterize the distribution of norovirus genotypes circulating in Nova Scotia.Methods. Stool specimens were collected from gastrointestinal outbreaks in Nova Scotia between Jan 2014 and June 2015 and subjected to real-time RT-PCR. Norovirus-positive specimens were referred to the National Microbiology Laboratory for sequence-based genotyping.Results. The first norovirus GII.P17-GII.17 outbreak in Canada was identified, but no widespread activity was observed in Nova Scotia.Discussion. It is unknown whether GII.P17-GII.17 is more widespread in Canada since contributions to Canadian surveillance are too sparse to effectively monitor the epidemiology of emerging norovirus genotypes.Conclusions. Presence of norovirus GII.17:P17 in Canada highlights the need for more systematic surveillance to ensure that molecular targets used for laboratory detection are effective and help understand norovirus evolution, epidemiology, and pathogenesis.
Antioxidant and Anti‐Inflammatory Effects of Rhei Rhizoma and Coptidis Rhizoma Mixture on Reflux Esophagitis in Rats
Authors: Kwon O Jun , Kim Min Yeong , Shin Sung Ho , Lee Ah Reum , Lee Joo Young , Seo Bu-il , Shin Mi-Rae , Choi Hyun Gyu , Kim Jeong Ah , Min Byung Sun , Kim Gyo-Nam , Noh Jeong Sook , Rhee Man Hee , Roh Seong-Soo
Published: April 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory effects of the combined extract of Rhei rhizoma and Coptidis rhizoma (RC‐mix) in experimental model of acute reflux esophagitis. The antioxidant activity was assessed by in vitro 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays. RC‐mix was given at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight 2 h prior to induction of reflux esophagitis (RE). After 5 h, the effects of RC‐mix treated rats were compared with those of normal and control rats. The representative flavonoid contents of RC‐mix, such as sennoside A, epiberberine, coptisine, palmatine, and berberine, were detected using HPLC. The elevated esophageal mucosa damage was markedly ameliorated by RC‐mix treatment in a dose‐dependent manner. Furthermore, the administration of RC‐mix reduced the increase of serum reactive oxygen species (ROS) and peroxynitrite (ONOO−). The improvement of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) levels were marked in the group given RC‐mix. Moreover, the elevation of inflammatory mediators and cytokines by nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) activation in control rats decreased by RC‐mix pretreatment. These results indicate that RC‐mix treatment reduces the pathological states of esophagitis via regulating NF‐κB mediated inflammation related to oxidative stress.
Markovian Queueing System with Discouraged Arrivals and Self-Regulatory Servers
Authors: Abdul Rasheed K. V. , Manoharan M.
Published: April 2016

We consider discouraged arrival of Markovian queueing systems whose service speed is regulated according to the number of customers in the system. We will reduce the congestion in two ways. First we attempt to reduce the congestion by discouraging the arrivals of customers from joining the queue. Secondly we reduce the congestion by introducing the concept of service switches. First we consider a model in which multiple servers have three service ratesμ1,μ2, andμ(μ1≤μ2<μ), say, slow, medium, and fast rates, respectively. If the number of customers in the system exceeds a particular pointK1orK2, the server switches to the medium or fast rate, respectively. For this adaptive queueing system the steady state probabilities are derived and some performance measures such as expected number in the system/queue and expected waiting time in the system/queue are obtained. Multiple server discouraged arrival model having one service switch and single server discouraged arrival model having one and two service switches are obtained as special cases. A Matlab program of the model is presented and numerical illustrations are given.
Electrospun PEDOT:PSS/PVP Nanofibers for CO Gas Sensing with Quartz Crystal Microbalance Technique
Authors: Zhang Hong-Di , Yan Xu , Zhang Zhi-Hua , Yu Gu-Feng , Han Wen-Peng , Zhang Jun-Cheng , Long Yun-Ze
Published: April 2016

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PEDOT:PSS/PVP) composite nanofibers were successfully fabricated via electrospinning and used as a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensor for detecting CO gas. The electrical property of individual PEDOT:PSS/PVP nanofibers was characterized and the room temperature resistivity was at the magnitude of 105 Ω·m. The QCM sensor based on PEDOT:PSS/PVP nanofibers was sensitive to low concentration (5–50 ppm) CO. In the range of 5–50 ppm CO, the relationship between the response of PEDOT:PSS nanofibers and the CO concentration was linear. Nevertheless, when the concentration exceeded 50 ppm, the adsorption of the nanofiber membrane for CO gas reached saturation and the resonant frequency range had no change. Therefore, the results open an approach to create electrospun PEDOT:PSS/PVP for gas sensing applications.
Shared Reed-Muller Decision Diagram Based Thermal-Aware AND-XOR Decomposition of Logic Circuits
Authors: Das Apangshu , Pradhan Sambhu Nath
Published: April 2016

The increased number of complex functional units exerts high power-density within a very-large-scale integration (VLSI) chip which results in overheating. Power-densities directly converge into temperature which reduces the yield of the circuit. An adverse effect of power-density reduction is the increase in area. So, there is a trade-off between area and power-density. In this paper, we introduce a Shared Reed-Muller Decision Diagram (SRMDD) based on fixed polarity AND-XOR decomposition to represent multioutput Boolean functions. By recursively applying transformations and reductions, we obtained a compact SRMDD. A heuristic based on Genetic Algorithm (GA) increases the sharing of product terms by judicious choice of polarity of input variables in SRMDD expansion and a suitable area and power-density trade-off has been enumerated. This is the first effort ever to incorporate the power-density as a measure of temperature estimation in AND-XOR expansion process. The results of logic synthesis are incorporated with physical design in CADENCE digital synthesis tool to obtain the floor-plan silicon area and power profile. The proposed thermal-aware synthesis has been validated by obtaining absolute temperature of the synthesized circuits using HotSpot tool. We have experimented with 29 benchmark circuits. The minimized AND-XOR circuit realization shows average savings up to 15.23% improvement in silicon area and up to 17.02% improvement in temperature over the sum-of-product (SOP) based logic minimization.
Mini Transsternal Approach to the Anterior High Thoracic Spine (T1–T4 Vertebrae)
Authors: Brogna Christian , Thakur Bhaskar , Fiengo Leslie , Tsoti Sandra Maria , Landi Alessandro , Anichini Giulio , Vergani Francesco , Malik Irfan
Published: April 2016

Purpose. The anterior high thoracic spine is one of the most complex segments to be accessed surgically due to anatomical constraints and transitional characteristics. We describe in detail the mini transsternal approach to metastatic, infective, traumatic, and degenerative pathologies of T1 to T4 vertebral bodies. We analyse our surgical series, indications, and outcomes.Methods. Over a 5-year period 18 consecutive patients with thoracic myelopathy due to metastatic, infective, traumatic, and degenerative pathologies with T1 to T4 vertebral bodies involvement received a mini transsternal approach with intraoperative monitoring. Frankel scoring system was used to grade the neurological status.Results. Mean follow-up was 40 months. 78% patients improved in Frankel grade after surgery and 22% patients remained unchanged. Average operation time was 210 minutes. There were no intraoperative complications. One patient developed postoperative pneumonia successfully treated with antibiotics.Conclusion. The mini transsternal is a safe approach for infective, metastatic, traumatic, and degenerative lesions affecting the anterior high thoracic spine and the only one allowing an early and direct visualisation of the anterior theca. This approach overcomes the anatomical constraints of this region and provides adequate room for optimal reconstruction and preservation of spinal alignment in the cervicothoracic transition zone with good functional patient outcomes.
Glowworm Swarm Optimization and Its Application to Blind Signal Separation
Authors: Li Zhucheng , Huang Xianglin
Published: April 2016

Traditional optimization algorithms for blind signal separation (BSS) are mainly based on the gradient, which requires the objective function to be continuous and differentiable, so the applications of these algorithms are very limited. Moreover, these algorithms have problems with the convergence speed and accuracy. To overcome these drawbacks, this paper presents a modified glowworm swarm optimization (MGSO) algorithm based on a novel step adjustment rule and then applies MGSO to BSS. Taking kurtosis of the mixed signals as the objective function of BSS, MGSO-BSS succeeds in separating the mixed signals in Matlab environment. The simulation results prove that MGSO is more effective in capturing the global optimum of the objective function of the BSS algorithm and has faster convergence speed and higher accuracy, compared with particle swarm optimization (PSO) and GSO.
Comparison between Subjective Sensations during First and Second Phacoemulsification Eye Surgeries in Patients with Bilateral Cataract
Authors: Yu Ji-guo , Ye Ting , Huang Qing , Feng Yi-fan , Wang Jue , Fu Xun-an , Xiang Yi
Published: April 2016

Purpose.To evaluate and compare the subjective sensations reported by patients during first and second cataract extractions.Methods.Consecutive patients undergoing bilateral sequential cataract extraction using phacoemulsification were recruited. Following cataract surgery, patients completed questionnaires designed to evaluate subjective sensations, including anxiety, eye bulges, pain, and light sensitivity. Changes in painful sensations experienced by patients between the two surgeries were also recorded. Comparisons were also performed for each subjective sensation between different age groups (<50, 50–59, 60–69, 70–79, and >79 years).Results.A total of 127 patients were included in the final evaluation. Statistical comparison of the results showed that there were significant differences in perception of anxiety, eye bulges, and pain scores between the first and second cataract surgeries (P<0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference for light sensitivity scores between the two surgeries (P=0.555). The differences in anxiety, perception of eye bulges, pain, and light sensitivity scores between both the surgeries showed no correlation with age (P>0.05for all).Conclusions.Our research confirms the common observation that patients with bilateral cataracts often report more ocular discomfort during the second surgery. There are, therefore, additional factors that should be considered upon treating patients with bilateral cataracts, and the provision of preoperative counseling could play an important role in providing adequate patient care.
A Data Age Dependent Broadcast Forwarding Algorithm for Reliable Platooning Applications
Authors: Larsson Marcus , Jonsson Magnus , Warg Fredrik , Karlsson Kristian
Published: April 2016

We propose a broadcast message forwarding algorithm for V2V communication in a platooning scenario for heavy duty trucks. The algorithm utilizes link information, which is piggybacked on the original data packet, to estimate which nodes are best suited to forward the packet. The aim is to reach all nodes in the platoon with as few forward messages as possible in order to avoid channel congestion. The algorithm is evaluated by simulation using real world V2V measurement data as input. We show that the algorithm performs almost as good as two ETSI standardized forwarding algorithms with respect to keeping the data age for the entire platoon at a low level. But when it comes to keeping the message intensity low, our algorithm outperforms the better of the ETSI algorithms by 35%.
Antibacterial Efficacy of Calcium Hypochlorite with Vibringe Sonic Irrigation System onEnterococcus faecalis: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Dumani Aysin , Guvenmez Hatice Korkmaz , Yilmaz Sehnaz , Yoldas Oguz , Kurklu Zeliha Gonca Bek
Published: April 2016

Aim. The purpose of this study was to compare the in vitro efficacy of calcium hypochlorite (Ca[OCl]2) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) associated with sonic (Vibringe) irrigation system in root canals which were contaminated withEnterococcus faecalis.Material and Methods. The root canals of 84 single-rooted premolars were enlarged up to a file 40, autoclaved, inoculated withEnterococcus faecalis, and incubated for 21 days. The samples were divided into 7 groups according to the irrigation protocol: G0: no treatment; G1: distilled water; G2: 2.5% NaOCl; G3: 2.5% Ca(OCl)2; G4: distilled water with sonic activation; G5: 2.5% NaOCl with sonic activation; and G6: 2.5% Ca(OCl)2with sonic activation. Before and after decontamination procedures microbiological samples were collected and the colony-forming units were counted and the percentages of reduction were calculated.Results. Distilled water with syringe irrigation and sonic activation groups demonstrated poor antibacterial effect onEnterococcus faecaliscompared to other experimental groups (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between syringe and sonic irrigation systems with Ca(OCl)2and NaOCl.Conclusion. The antimicrobial property of Ca(OCl)2has been investigated and compared with that of NaOCl. Both conventional syringe irrigation and sonic irrigation were found effective at removingE. faecalisfrom the root canal of extracted human teeth.
An Overview on SDN Architectures with Multiple Controllers
Authors: Blial Othmane , Ben Mamoun Mouad , Benaini Redouane
Published: April 2016

Software-defined networking offers several benefits for networking by separating the control plane from the data plane. However, networks’ scalability, reliability, and availability remain as a big issue. Accordingly, multicontroller architectures are important for SDN-enabled networks. This paper gives a comprehensive overview of SDN multicontroller architectures. It presents SDN and its main instantiation OpenFlow. Then, it explains in detail the differences between multiple types of multicontroller architectures, like the distribution method and the communication system. Furthermore, it provides already implemented and under research examples of multicontroller architectures by describing their design, their communication process, and their performance results.
Recanalization Modulates Association Between Blood Pressure and Functional Outcome in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Martins Ana Inês , Sargento-Freitas João , Silva Fernando , Jesus-Ribeiro Joana , Correia Inês , Gomes João Pedro , Aguiar-Gonçalves Mariana , Cardoso Leila , Machado Cristina , Rodrigues Bruno , Santo Gustavo C. , Cunha Luís
Published: April 2016

Background and Purpose—

Historical stroke cohorts reported a U- or J-shaped relationship between blood pressure (BP) and clinical outcome. However, these studies predated current revascularization strategies, disregarding the recanalization state of the affected arterial territory. We aimed to investigate the relationship between BP in the first 24 hours after ischemic stroke and clinical outcome in patients submitted to intravenous or intra-arterial recanalization treatments.

Methods—

Consecutive patients with acute stroke treated with intravenous thrombolysis or intra-arterial therapies were enrolled in a retrospective cohort study. BP was measured on regular intervals throughout day and night during the first 24 hours after stroke onset. The mean systolic BP and diastolic BP during the first 24 hours post stroke were calculated. Recanalization was assessed at 6 hours by transcranial color-coded Doppler, angiography, or angio–computed tomography. Functional outcome was assessed at 3 months by modified Rankin Scale. Linear and quadratic multivariate regression models were performed to determine associations between BP and functional outcome for the whole population and recanalyzed and nonrecanalyzed patients.

Results—

We included 674 patients; mean age was 73.28 (SD, 11.50) years. Arterial recanalization was documented in 355 (52.70%) patients. In multivariate analyses, systolic BP and diastolic BP in the first 24 hours post stroke show a J-shaped relationship with functional outcome in the total population and in the nonrecanalyzed patients. Recanalyzed patients show a linear association with functional outcome (systolic BP: odds ratio, 1.015; 95% confidence interval, 1.007–1.024;
P
=0.001;
R
2
change=0.001;
P
=0.412 and diastolic BP: odds ratio, 1.019; 95% confidence interval, 1.004–1.033;
P
=0.012;
R
2
change<0.001;
P
=0.635).

Conclusions—

Systemic BP in the first 24 hours after ischemic stroke influences 3-month clinical outcome. This association is dependent on the revascularization status.
A revision of Rhapis (Arecaceae)
Authors: HENDERSON ANDREW
Published: April 2016

A revision of the Asian palm genus Rhapis is given based on study of 167 herbarium specimens of wild origin from A, AAU, BH, BK, BKF, GH, HN, HNU, HPNP, IBSC, K, KUN, L, MO, NY, P, SYS, US and application of the Phylogenetic Species Concept to a database comprising 13 qualitative and 16 quantitative variables. Eleven species are recognized, including two new ones. Two species are divided into subspecies.
Lectotypification of four E.Groves’ names in the genera Anthemis, Centaurea (Asteraceae) and Statice (Plumbaginaceae) and considerations on the correct identity of Enrico (born Henry) Groves
Authors: WAGENSOMMER ROBERT P. , GALASSO GABRIELE
Published: April 2016

The identity of Enrico (born Henry) Groves is discussed and the following four E.Groves’ names are lectotypified: Anthemis hydruntina (Asteraceae), Centaurea deusta var. nobilis (Asteraceae), Centaurea deusta var. tenacissima (Asteraceae) and Statice cancellata var. japygica (Plumbaginaceae).
Flightless Notaris (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Brachycerinae: Erirhinini) in Southwest China: monophyly, mtDNA phylogeography and evolution of habitat associations
Authors: GREBENNIKOV VASILY V. , KOLOV SERGEY V.
Published: April 2016

This paper reports the recent discovery of flightless populations of weevils of the genus Notaris in Yunnan and Sichuan provinces of China. Specimens were found in the middle or high altitude mountains (2440–4195 m), by either sifting leaf litter in the deciduous forest and among alpine Rhododendron shrubs, or by turning rocks in the alpine zone. These finds extend southwards the Asian range of this Holarctic genus and report its highest altitudinal records. DNA barcodes of 127 specimens were phylogenetically analysed, of them 42 are those of newly discovered Notaris from Southwest China. The genera Notaris and Tournotaris consistently formed a clade, with Tournotaris nested inside Notaris in Maximum Parsimony (MP) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) analysis. The newly discovered flightless Notaris from Southwest China were either monophyletic (MP) or paraphyletic with respect to volant Holarctic N. aethiops (ML); the latter placement being likely an artefact. A strict linear molecular clock approach suggests a pre-Pliocene separation of Notaris populations in Southwest China. Habitat associations of these high-altitude flightless Notaris contrast sharply with that of the predominantly volant lowland riparian Notaris and other Erirhinini. We hypothesis that evolution of habitat selection in Notaris went from lowland riparian, to high altitude (via uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and adjacent regions of Central Asia), and then to forest leaf litter (via subsequent erosions of isolated mountains such as Emei Shan in Sichuan losing the alpine zone and forcing Notaris into the forest floor). Taxonomic uncertainty of Asian Notaris is addressed and remains unresolved due to uninformative morphology and conflicting DNA signal. Identities of two obscure and likely closely related species, Notaroides brevirostris and Notaris kozlovi from nearby SE Qinghai and NW Sichuan, respectively, are discussed and illustrated. Pending further research, all reported flightless Notaris from Yunnan and Sichuan are hypothesised to form a clade, for which the available name N. kozlovi is used. Habitus and genitalia of Notaris specimens from the newly detected populations are illustrated.
Description of a new species of Chonala (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) from NW Yunnan, China
Authors: LANG SONG-YUN , BOZANO GIAN CRISTOFORO
Published: April 2016

A new species, Chonala huertasae Lang & Bozano sp. nov., is described from Dulong-jiang valley, West slope of Mts. Gao-li-gong, NW Yunnan Province, SW China. A key to species and subspecies of the genus Chonala is given.
Low-Cloud Transitions across the Kuroshio Front in the East China Sea
Authors: Liu Jing-Wu , Xie Shang-Ping , Yang Shuang , Zhang Su-Ping
Published: April 2016

The East China Sea Kuroshio (ECSK) flows in the East Asian monsoon region where the background atmospheric circulation varies significantly with season. A sea surface temperature (SST) front associated with the ECSK becomes narrower and sharper from winter to spring. The present study investigates how low clouds respond to the ECSK front in different seasons by synthesizing spaceborne lidar and surface visual observations. The results reveal prominent cross-frontal transitions in low clouds, which exhibit distinct behavior between winter and spring. In winter, cloud responses are generally confined below 4 km by the strong background descending motion and feature a gradual cloud-top elevation from the cold to the warm flank of the front. The ice clouds on the cold flank of the ECSK front transform into liquid water clouds and rain on the warm flank. The springtime clouds, by contrast, are characterized by a sharp cross-frontal transition with deep clouds reaching up to 7 km over the ECSK. In both winter and spring, the low-cloud morphology exhibits a large transformation from the cold to the warm flank of the ECSK front, including increases in cloud-top height, a decline in smoothness of cloud top, and the transition from stratiform to convective clouds. All this along with the atmospheric soundings indicates that the decoupling of the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) is more prevalent on the warm flank of the front. Thus, long-term observations reveal prominent cross-frontal low-cloud transitions in morphology associated with MABL decoupling that resemble a large-scale cloud-regime transition over the eastern subtropical Pacific.
An Example of Persistent Microstructure in a Long Rain Event
Authors: Jameson A. R. , Larsen M. L. , Kostinski A. B.
Published: April 2016

A 2D video disdrometer (2DVD) probe was used to gather detailed drop measurements over a 770-min rain event. Accumulated totals of the rainfall and of the number of drops for each square centimeter showed persistent, significant correlated structures across the approximately 11 cm × 11 cm grid of the 2DVD. This is surprising because larger-scale studies suggest that the values in each square centimeter should be highly correlated with very little variation. Nevertheless, this correlation remains strikingly similar to what is observed at a coarser resolution, suggesting that it somehow scales with spatial resolution. However, because the correlation functions are not power laws, the origin of this scaling must be due to a factor other than fractal geometry. Analysis reveals that this occurs because of a filtering effect such that as the domain size (or resolution of a remote sensor) becomes finer, it is only the smaller wavelengths that contribute most to the variance so that the correlation function also scales. Consequently, correlated finescale structures can apparently occur even over 10 cm. This fine structure was also found for the kinetic energy and impact power of the rain, important for understanding the initiation of soil erosion. The patterns in the integrated parameters appeared to arise almost exclusively from patterns in the total number of drops with patterns in the drop sizes playing an insignificant role. Therefore, in future studies of rain it is recommended that the total number of drops be retained as a crucial variable.
Seasonal and Interannual Variations of Irminger Ring Formation and Boundary–Interior Heat Exchange in FLAME
Authors: de Jong M. F. , Bower A. S. , Furey H. H.
Published: April 2016

The contribution of warm-core anticyclones shed by the Irminger Current off West Greenland, known as Irminger rings, to the restratification of the upper layers of the Labrador Sea is investigated in the 1/12° Family of Linked Atlantic Models Experiment (FLAME) model. The model output, covering the 1990–2004 period, shows strong similarities to observations of the Irminger Current as well as ring observations at a mooring located offshore of the eddy formation region in 2007–09. An analysis of fluxes in the model shows that while the majority of heat exchange with the interior indeed occurs at the site of the Irminger Current instability, the contribution of the coherent Irminger rings is modest (18%). Heat is provided to the convective region mainly through noncoherent anomalies and enhanced local mixing by the rings facilitating further exchange between the boundary and interior. The time variability of the eddy kinetic energy and the boundary to interior heat flux in the model are strongly correlated to the density gradient between the dense convective region and the more buoyant boundary current. In FLAME, the density variations of the boundary current are larger than those of the convective region, thereby largely controlling changes in lateral fluxes. Synchronous long-term trends in temperature in the boundary and the interior over the 15-yr simulation suggest that the heat flux relative to the temperature of the interior is largely steady on these time scales.
Penetrating Neck Trauma
Authors: McCrary Hilary C. , Nielsen Tyson J. , Goldstein Stephen A.
Published: April 2016

Objectives:

The aim of this report is to describe a case of a retained projectile metal object to the neck that occurred after airbag deployment during a motor vehicle accident.

Methods:

Case report with literature review.

Results:

After a motor vehicle accident on the interstate, a 19-year-old man presents to the emergency department for several open extremity fractures, a neck laceration, and a C1 lateral mass fracture. The trauma surgery team repaired the neck laceration with no further evidence of injury. Several weeks later on follow-up, the patient presents with dysphagia and pain when turning his head to the right. A repeat computed tomography angiography (CTA) scan revealed a metallic foreign body in the left posterior pharyngeal, prevertebral soft tissues, which was subsequently removed during exploratory surgery 2 months after his initial accident.

Conclusions:

This is the first report, to our knowledge, of a projectile metal object to the neck that may be related to airbag deployment. The car involved in this accident was under recall for airbags that were associated with projectile objects, which warrants further investigation into the possible risks of such airbags.
Forms of Capital and Teachers’ Views of Collaboration and Threat Relations With Parents in Israeli Schools
Authors: Addi-Raccah Audrey , Grinshtain Yael
Published: April 2016

Neo-liberal ideologies have given parents influence over education. This requires teachers to find ways to engage with parents and use resources for dealing with them. Following Bourdieu’s notion of field, in which different groups struggle over resources to maintain their social position, we examine the relations between teachers’ attitudes toward parents and possession of feminine, social, and cultural capital. The sample comprised 605 who worked in 32 randomly selected schools located in two districts in Israel. Analyzing teachers answered to a questionnaire reveled that teachers’ relations with parents are diverse and include threat and collaboration. Different capitals underpin these relations.
Tested for Our Sake: The Temptations of Jesus in the Light of Hebrews
Authors: Nyende Peter
Published: April 2016

In this paper, I illustrate that there has been a neglect to consider what Hebrews has to say on Jesus’ temptations in studies on the temptations of Jesus. I therefore conduct an exegesis of Hebrews, whereby I argue that in the epistle, the purpose of Jesus’ temptations is understood as designed to enable fully his priestly role of intercession for those in temptation whom he represents before God. Such an anthropocentric understanding of the purpose of Jesus’ temptations makes them highly devotional in their application as I demonstrate in applying them to the experiences of the Baganda Christian martyrs of the 19th century, with the edification of Uganda Martyrs’ Seminerians in view.
From social context and resilience to performance through job satisfaction: A multilevel study over time
Authors: Meneghel Isabella , Borgogni Laura , Miraglia Mariella , Salanova Marisa , Martínez Isabel M
Published: April 2016

Giving the crucial role of organizational context in shaping individual attitudes and behaviors at work, in this research we studied the effects of collective work-unit perceptions of social context on individual work resilience and two key individual outcomes: job satisfaction and job performance as rated by the supervisor. We theorized that collective perceptions of social context act as antecedents of individual variables, and that individual job satisfaction mediates the relationship between collective perceptions of social context and job performance, and between work resilience and job performance over time. A sample of 305 white-collar employees, clustered in 67 work-units, participated in the study. Hierarchical linear modeling highlighted that collective perceptions of social context are significant related to individual work resilience. Moreover, results showed that individual job satisfaction fully mediates the relationship between collective perceptions of social context and individual job performance and the relationship between individual work resilience and individual job performance. At a practical level, results suggest that interventions on collective perceptions of social context may increase work resilience, job satisfaction and job performance over time at the individual level.
Municipal real properties and the challenges of new public management: a spotlight on Romania
Authors: Constantin Daniela-Luminita , Mitrut Constantin , Grosu Raluca Mariana , Profiroiu Marius , Iosif Alina Elena
Published: April 2016

In the transition and developing countries the use of surplus real property might be a good response to the acute need for local sources of revenues provided the requirements of the new public management regarding efficiency, effectiveness and quality of public services are carefully observed. The research has focused on the case of Romanian cities' real properties, aiming to reveal the problems of the existing municipal real property (MRP) management system in relation to both overall city conditions and the characteristics of the institutional and organizational framework. A questionnaire-based survey followed by nonparametric statistical tests have been employed in this respect, confirming the working hypothesis which points to the importance of the existence of an MRP plan, an MRP strategy and an MRP unit at municipality level for the effective use of these assets. A series of viable solutions to the problems identified have been also formulated.

Points for practitioners

The article emphasizes the decisive role of the strategic approach and corresponding instruments for effective MRP management, putting forward valuable recommendations for making MRP an important source of revenue for municipal governments. They are derived from the findings obtained within the EU-funded project entitled ‘Municipal Property Management in South-East European Cities’ (PROMISE) by the Bucharest University of Economic Studies team, one of the 13 partners involved. Its contribution has been nominated by the International Project Management Association among the five finalists of the Achievement Award global competition, category Community Service/Development Project 2013.
Palangyo’s Dying in the Sun as a Solution to the Neomodernist Mind Style
Authors: Ufot Bassey
Published: April 2016

This paper studies the dialectics of modernist, postmodernist and neomodernist mind style as exemplified in Peter Palangyo’s novel, Dying in the Sun ( DITS). Set in East Africa, the novel, especially its first half with its tragic vision replete with harrowing images of sickness, suffering, despair, and death, has often been described as an example of African neomodernist writing. However, this study appropriately locates it within the context of the “antimodernist” temper of postmodernism. The research investigates the author’s and main character’s narrative mind style referred to in modernism as stream of consciousness, its historicity, and landscape imagery as symbols of the defeat of despair and cynicism, as well as the resurgence of hope that dominates the second half of the novel. It considers the development of the character’s perception as well as the narrator’s point of view from cynicism and death to hope and understanding, and concludes that Palangyo’s visionary mind style in the novel is an African solution to modernist cynicism and nihilism.
“One Size Doesn’t Fit All”—Partners in Hospice Care, an Individualized Approach to Bereavement Intervention
Authors: Caserta Michael S. , Lund Dale A. , Utz Rebecca L. , Tabler Jennifer Lyn
Published: April 2016

We concluded in a recent study that a one-size-fits-all approach typical of group interventions often does not adequately accommodate the range of situations, life experiences, and current needs of participants. We describe how this limitation informed the design and implementation of an individually delivered intervention format more specifically tailored to the unique needs of each bereaved person. The intervention comprises one of the three interrelated studies within Partners in Hospice Care (PHC), which examines the trajectory from end-of-life care through bereavement among cancer caregivers using hospice. The PHC intervention employs an initial needs assessment in order to tailor the session content, delivery, and sequencing to the most pressing, yet highly diverse needs of the bereaved spouses/partners. Although an individually delivered format has its own challenges, these can be effectively addressed through standardized interventionist training, regular communication among staff, and a flexible approach toward participants’ preferences and circumstances.
Lingering neighbourhood effects: A framework to account for residential histories and temporal dynamics
Authors: Miltenburg Emily M , van der Meer Tom WG
Published: April 2016

The large and growing body of neighbourhood effect studies has almost exclusively neglected individuals’ particular residential histories. Yet, former residential neighbourhoods are likely to have lingering effects beyond those of the current one and are dependent on exposure times and number of moves. This paper tests to what extent this blind spot induced a misestimation of neighbourhood effects for individuals with differential residential histories. Ultimately, we develop a methodological framework for studying the temporal dynamics of neighbourhood effects, capable of dealing with residential histories (moving behaviour, the passage of time and temporal exposure to different neighbourhoods). We apply cross-classified multi-level models (residents nested in current and former neighbourhoods) to analyse longitudinal individual-level population data from Dutch Statistics, covering fine-grained measures of residential histories. Our systematic comparison to conventional models reveals the necessity of including a temporal dimension: our models reveal an overestimation of the effect of the current neighbourhood by 16–30%, and an underestimation of the total body of neighbourhood effects by at least 13–24%. Our results show that neighbourhood effects are lingering, long-lasting and structural and also cannot be confined to a single point in time.
The Extinction and Return of Fear of Public Speaking
Authors: Laborda Mario A. , Schofield Casey A. , Johnson Emily M. , Schubert Jessica R. , George-Denn Daniel , Coles Meredith E. , Miller Ralph R.
Published: April 2016

Prior studies indicate extinguished fear often partially returns when participants are later tested outside the extinction context. Cues carried from the extinction context to the test context sometimes reduce return of fear, but it is unclear whether such extinction cues (ECs) reduce return of fear of public speaking. Here we assessed return of fear of public speaking, and whether either of two types of ECs can attenuate it. Participants gave speeches of increasing difficulty during an exposure practice session and were tested 2 days later in a different context. Testing occurred in the presence of physical ECs, after mentally rehearsing the exposure session, or without either reminder. Practice reduced fear of public speaking, but fear partially returned at test. Neither physical nor mental ECs reduced partial return of fear of public speaking. The return of extinguished fear of public speaking, although small, was reliable, but not appreciably sensitive to presence of ECs.
Introduction to Multilevel Item Response Theory Analysis
Authors: Sulis Isabella , Toland Michael D.
Published: April 2016

Item response theory (IRT) models are the main psychometric approach for the development, evaluation, and refinement of multi-item instruments and scaling of latent traits, whereas multilevel models are the primary statistical method when considering the dependence between person responses when primary units (e.g., students) are nested within clusters (e.g., classes). This article introduces multilevel IRT (MLIRT) modeling, and provides the basic information to conduct, interpret, and report results based on an analysis using MLIRT modeling. The procedures are demonstrated using a sample data set based on the National Institute for the Evaluation of School System survey completed in Italy by fifth-grade students nested in classrooms to assess math achievement. The data and command files (Stata, M plus, flexMIRT) needed to reproduce all analyses and plots in this article are available as supplemental online materials at http://jea.sagepub.com/supplemental .
I Love You but I Cyberbully You: The Role of Hostile Sexism
Authors: Martinez-Pecino Roberto , Durán Mercedes
Published: April 2016

Cyberbullying is attracting social, political, and academic interest as the use of electronic devices such as computers and mobile phones by young people has increased dramatically. However, little is known about the factors involved in their perpetration, particularly in the context of college students’ dating relationships. The aim of this study is to examine the involvement of college students in cyberbullying in the context of their dating relationships and to explore the impact of sexism on males’ cyberbullying of their girlfriends. Participants are 219 undergraduate students from a university in the south of Spain. Results showed that 48.4% of participants reported having bullied their partners during the last year via mobile phone and 37.5% via Internet. Males reported a greater extent of cyberbullying of their girlfriends through both means. Regression analyses indicated that males’ levels of hostile sexism are related to males’ cyberbullying of their girlfriends. These findings suggest a modernization in the forms of violence toward women among college students and also expand current literature by revealing the influence of participants’ hostile sexism on this type of cyber aggression against women in dating relationships.
Gender equality in the division of work: How to assess European leave policies regarding their compliance with an ideal leave model
Authors: Dearing Helene
Published: April 2016

This article assesses 27 European parental leave policies regarding their compliance with an ideal leave policy model that best supports gender equality in the division of labour. Given the difficulties in defining such an ideal leave model, the article makes this assessment in two stages. Stage 1 exploits the most salient results of the empirical literature in order to define an ideal leave model that foresees the provision of 14 months of well-paid leave, where half of the leave is reserved for fathers. An ‘Equal Gender Division of Labour’ indicator is developed to assess the performance of different countries regarding their compliance with the ideal leave model. Stage 2 tests the sensitivity of the results with regard to three different scenarios that account for alternative assumptions about (1) the actual duration of leave that is supposed to be ‘ideal’, (2) the significance of providing leave only in combination with payments and (3) the importance of reserving some of the provided leave for fathers.
Energy harvesting from aeroelastic vibrations induced by discrete gust loads
Authors: Bruni Claudia , Gibert James , Frulla Giacomo , Cestino Enrico , Marzocca Pier
Published: April 2016

This article evaluates the amount of energy that can be extracted from a gust using an aeroelastic energy harvester composed of a flexible wing with attached piezoelectric elements. The harvester operates in a subcritical flow region. It is modeled as a linear Euler–Bernoulli beam sandwiched between two piezoceramics. The extended Hamilton’s principle is used to derive the harvester’s equations of motion and an eigenfunction expansion is used to form a three-degree-of-freedom reduced-order model. The degrees of freedom retained in the model are two flexural degrees for the in-plane and out-of-plane displacements, and a torsional degree for the rotational displacement. Wagner and Küssner functions are used to represent the unsteady aerodynamic and gust loading, respectively. The amount of energy extracted from the system is then compared for two different deterministic gust profiles, 1-COSINE and two sharp-edged gusts forming a square gust, for various magnitudes and durations. The results show that the harvester is able to extract more energy from the square gust profile, although for both profiles the harvester extracts more power after the gust has subsided.