bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Experience and Educational Needs of Secondary School Students with Intellectual Disabilities in Using Digital Media
Authors:   The Korean Society of Special Education, Choi Hojung , Lee Juengeun
Published: January 2025

This study explored the experiences of using digital media and the related educational needs of secondary school students with mild intellectual disabilities enrolled in special education classes. For this purpose, 11 students with intellectual disabilities were selected based on specific criteria and divided into four groups for focus group interviews. The collected interview data were analyzed using a repeated comparative analysis method, which resulted in the identification of three main themes, 9 sub-themes, and 29 detailed elements. The key findings are as follows: First, students with intellectual disabilities in special education classes shared and experienced digital media culture similarly to their peers. Second, while they experienced a sense of presence and engaged in positive interactions through digital media, they also faced various challenges and limitations due to their intellectual disabilities. Third, the students expressed diverse needs and demands for customized digital literacy education that align with the future digital society of their daily lives. Based on these findings, the researchers provided implications for developing tailored digital media literacy education that considers the abilities and characteristics of students with intellectual disabilities.
Recycling of the solar panels that are consolidated using glass fibre polymers
Authors: Naidu B. Seshavenkat , Srinivas Krovvidi , Agarwal Atul Kumar
Published: January 2025

In the present times, the need for light weight and high strength materials has increased and this need is catered using glass fibre polymers. Another area which seeks for weight reduction is encapsulating solar energy; this is done by photovoltaic panels which are sandwiched by an aluminium frame along with supporting layers of glass and junction box, collectively called as a solar panel. To reduce the weight of the solar panels, glass fibres are used in different areas to consolidate the whole structure. The operational period of solar panels in encapsulating energy is 25–30 years, but the components of panels, like glass fibre polymers, have their intrinsic properties retained for almost 60 years. This gives us an opportunity to recycle the solar panel components. In this study, the different components of the solar panel are separated through chemical leaching and fabricated as a composite through stir casting method. The fabricated samples were tested for Vickers micro hardness, which shows that the sample with 2 wt% reinforcement had the lowest mean hardness of 56.01, while the sample with 4 wt% reinforcement showed the highest mean hardness of 65.84. This is due to variation in reinforcement dispersion, which was found using scanning electron microscopy images.
O uso da Realidade Virtual em Projetos de Neuroarquitetura
Authors: Campos Mariane Coronetti de , Silva Thaísa Leal da
Published: January 2025

La realidad virtual se há integrado em diferentes áreas, entre ellas el área de neuroarquitectura, que está integrada por neurocientíficos, arquitectos y psicólogos profesionales, que investigan las sensaciones que pueden tener las personas dentro de los entornos. Actualmente, el mercado cuenta com uma amplia variedade de equipos para el uso de la realidad virtual, entre los más utilizados em el área de la neuroarquitectura se encuentran los electroencefalogramas, gafas de Realidad Virtual y rastreadores oculares. Em este contexto, este artículo pretende analizar como el uso de la realidad virtual puede ayudar a visualizar entornos em proyectos de neuroarquitectura. La metodología utilizada em este trabajo se basó em uma investigación cualitativa siguiendo los passos: revisión de literatura, modelado del entorno a diseñar, configuración del software para visualizar el proyecto em um entorno virtual inmersivo y prueba de visualizacón de este entorno. Como resultado, la prueba de visualización del entorno diseñado fue exitosa, por lo que el uso de la realidad virtual resultó ser una buena alternativa para ayadar em la visualización de los proyectos, ya que de esta manera el usuario puede sentirse inmerso dentro del espacio diseñado.
Post-Quantum Security: Origin, Fundamentals, and Adoption
Authors: Johanna Barzen , Frank Leymann
Published: January 2025

Based on Shor’s quantum algorithm for computing discrete logarithms, powerful enough quantum computers will break current cryptographic protocols. While today’s quantum computers are not yet capable enough of running this algorithm successfully, it is expected by many experts that they will be capable enough in the foreseeable future. Thus, actions must be taken to create a new infrastructure that protects society and companies against such attacks. In this contribution, we describe the backgrounds necessary to comprehend these actions.
We first describe the relation between discrete logarithms and two well-known asymmetric security schemes, RSA and Elliptic Curve Cryptography. Next, we present the foundations of lattice-based cryptography which is the basis of schemes that are considered to be safe against attacks by quantum algorithms (as well as by classical algorithms). Then we describe two such quantum-safe algorithms (Kyber and Dilithium) in more detail. Finally, we give a very brief and selective overview of a few actions currently taken by governments and industry as well as standardization in this area. The article has a pedagogical character, not presenting any new research results. Especially it strives towards being self-contained, e.g. the required mathematical foundations to understand post-quantum cryptography are provided and examples are given. Thus, a reader interested in getting a first comprehensive overview of the subject doesn’t have to consult text books or several research papers.
TRANSFORMATION OF US PRIORITIES IN BILATERAL RELATIONS WITH COUNTRIES OF THE MIDDLE EAST IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL AND REGIONAL INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL SITUATION
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, KOPPEL Olena , PARKHOMCHUK Olena ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, PARKHOMCHUK Anastasiia ,   Interregional academy of personnel management, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: January 2025

The main stages and directions of transformation of the US priority system in bilateral relations with Middle Eastern countries are determined through their retrospective and prognostic analysis in the context of regional and global international political situation. The influence of American electoral processes on the transformation of US Middle East policy strategies is clarified. The mechanisms for implementing strategies such as "reduction," "non-intervention," "distant balancing," "containment and engagement," "regime change," "engagement as integration," "engagement as bargaining," "reconciliation," "maximum pressure," "containment and involvement" in bilateral relations with Middle Eastern countries are disclosed, along with the dynamics of American-Iranian and American-Saudi relations due to the application of selected strategies.

It is proven that the influence of the US as a global power capable of exercising monopolistic control over the development of events and processes both at the global and regional (Middle Eastern) levels is diminishing, reflecting a broader shift in the global balance of power. The weakening of their leadership positions is particularly evident in the Middle East region, dominance in which was one of the guarantors of US global leadership. It is substantiated that most directions of US bilateral Middle Eastern policy have experienced negative dynamics due to the influence of both global and regional factors, including the strengthening of the positions of the PRC and the RF and intra-regional changes. If during the period of bipolar confrontation, global factors were key in shaping the priority system of US bilateral relations with Middle Eastern countries, then at the present stage, the role of regional factors is increasing while maintaining the importance of global ones (the need to counteract the PRC and the RF, the Russian-Ukrainian war, the Israel-Hamas conflict, the Iran-Israel confrontation).
CONTEMPORARY ECONOMIC DIPLOMACY OF THE PRC IN RELATIONS WITH DEVELOPING COUNTRIES (THE HORN OF AFRICA CASE)
Authors:   Institute for Economics and Forecasting of the NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, PILIAIEV Igor
Published: January 2025

China, since the successful implementation of the Reform and Opening-Up policy, moved away from the Marxist-Maoist approach to diplomacy towards an incrisingly integrative approach, combining the Confucian-tradition ethical messages with endeavors to incorporate the methodology and practical approaches of Western schools of international relations and diplomacy. The author's goal was an inter-disciplinary analysis of ideological, value and theoretical foundations, the current state and features of China's economic diplomacy in regard to developing countries, using the case of the Horn of Africa region being a focus of the key world actors' clashing interests.
Pemanfaatan Pembelajaran Berdiferensiasi untuk Mengatasi Stigma Kesulitan Mendeklamasikan Puisi
Authors: Putri Aldila Rahmita , Widyartono Didin
Published: January 2025

Pembelajaran berdiferesiasi menjadi solusi atas berbagai permasalahan dalam kegiatan pembelajaran. Salah satunya berkaitan dengan pembelajaran mendeklamasikan puisi. Mayoritas peserta didik merasa kesulitan, takut, dan tidak memiliki kepercayaan diri ketika mendeklamasikan puisi. Terdapat berbagai faktor yang melatarbelakanginya, baik faktor internal maupun eksternal. Pendidik perlu memahami kondisi ini dan memberikan solusi melalui penerapan pembelajaran berdiferensiasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji peran pembelajaran berdiferensiasi dalam mengatasi stigma kesulitan mendeklamasikan puisi. Diferensiasi yang dilakukan berupa diferensiasi proses dan produk. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas dengan dua siklus pembelajaran. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, dokumentasi, dan tes. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya perubahan yang cukup signifikan dalam mengatasi stigma kesulitan mendeklamasikan puisi. Pada siklus pertama peserta didik yang berada pada kategori “kurang” mencapai 43 persen, kategori “cukup” 37 persen, kategori baik “20 persen”, dan tidak ada peserta didik yang berada pada kategori “sangat baik” (0 persen). Pada siklus kedua terjadi perubahan hasil yaitu pada kategori “kurang” mengalami penurunan sehingga menjadi 6 persen, kategori “cukup” 14 persen kategori “baik” 37 persen dan kategori “sangat baik” mengalami peningkatan menjadi 43 persen. Dengan demikian, pembelajaran berdiferensiasi telah mampu mengatasi stigma kesulitan mendeklamasikan puisi dengan memenuhi kebutuhan belajar sesuai karakteristik peserta didik.
Análisis de los principales determinantes de la violencia familiar en los municipios de Quintana Roo, México
Authors: Aguilar Martínez Juan Andrés , Cercas López Enrique
Published: January 2025

Se presenta un análisis de los principales determinantes de la violencia familiar, según el enfoque ecológico contextual y se identifican las condiciones necesarias y suficientes para la presencia de este fenómeno en los municipios de Quintana Roo, México, mediante el análisis cualitativo comparado para datos nítidos (csQCA) complementado con técnicas de teoría de la información para análisis comparativo. Se ofrece una breve revisión documental acerca del concepto y abordaje epistémico de la violencia familiar, sus consecuencias y la magnitud del problema, para posteriormente aplicar la metodología QCA y discutir los resultados. Se ha encontrado que existen cuatro variables cuya combinación puede generar altas tasas de violencia familiar en los municipios, a saber: una mayoría poblacional sin afiliación religiosa, altas tasas de disrupción familiar, una mayoría poblacional que no es protestante o evangélica y población mayoritariamente urbana.
Vinculación de la producción académica de postgrado de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción con las políticas de investigación y desarrollo del Paraguay
Authors: Sena Correa Emilce , Cáceres Ruiz Díaz Mariana , Recalde Ruiz Miguel Angel
Published: January 2025

La Universidad se encuentra ante el reto de constituirse como una de las fuentes primordiales de generación de conocimiento, y que el mismo aporte al progreso a nivel nacional, regional y global, en todos los ámbitos. En Paraguay, la Universidad Nacional de Asunción, busca posicionarse internacionalmente mediante la excelencia académica, científica y tecnológica. En este contexto es de relevancia que los lineamientos de la Universidad, como aquellos que orientan el desarrollo del país, se encuentren alineados. En este marco se presenta un estudio que tiene como objetivo: Analizar la vinculación de la producción académica de los Programas de Postgrado de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción, con las políticas de investigación y desarrollo del Paraguay. Para ello se planteó una investigación con enfoque mixto, alcance descriptivo y de corte transversal. La población bajo estudio estuvo conformada por los trabajos de Maestría y Doctorado de Programas de Postgrado, correspondientes al periodo 2017-2021. Las Unidades Académicas de la UNA constituyeron las fuentes para la provisión de los datos. Los hallazgos del estudio evidencian que alrededor de un tercio de los trabajos analizados poseen vinculación con las políticas de investigación y desarrollo del país, particularmente aquellas del ámbito social.
Factores socioeconómicos y su incidencia en la recaudación de tributos en un mercado altoandino al sur de Perú
Authors: Cruz Romero Benjamin , Pacco Payihuanca Kelina , Vilca Sumi Franklin Yojhan
Published: January 2025

La presente investigación tiene el objetivo de determinar cómo los factores socioeconómicos inciden en la recaudación tributaria en un mercado altoandino al sur del Perú; por ende, se realizó una investigación correlacional de corte transversal, donde utilizamos un cuestionario de 15 ítems sobre factores socioeconómicos y la recaudación tributaria, aplicando una encuesta a 290 comerciantes; Encontrándose así, como resultado que la correlación que presenta el factor socioeconómico y recaudación tributaria en los comerciantes es Rho = 0.516 (sig.=0.000), lo que representa una correlación positiva moderada entre sus variables, entonces se puede señalar que a mayor aplicación de los factores socioeconómicos incrementara la recaudación tributaria en los comerciantes; así mismo con la base de datos también se realizó un análisis de prevalencia donde se pudo demostrar que la dimensión más prevalente entre factores socioeconómicos y la recaudación tributaria es el factor económico, con un nivel de significancia > al 0.05, debido a que aun cuando la mayoría de comerciantes no cuenta estudios superiores conocen y manejan sus ingresos y gastos rudimentariamente, teniendo de esta manera la posibilidad de pagar sus impuestos, a pesar que la mayoría no lo hacen ya sea por falta de conocimientos tributarios, o simplemente por voluntad de pago.
Exploring family travel motivation, preference, and decision-making with children of different ages
Authors:   National Tsing Hua University, Tseng Tzuhui Angie , Chien Hsiu-Wen ,   National Tsing Hua University, Shen Ching-Cheng ,   National Kaohsiung University of Hospitality and Tourism(NKUHT)
Published: January 2025

Family tourism has seldom been explored beyond the consideration that families that travel with children are a homogeneous group. This lack of studies is particularly true concerning the exploration of the differences among families with children of different ages. Therefore, this study aims to explore whether differences exist among travel motivations, travel preferences, key travel considerations, and travel characteristics of families with children of different ages. This study also sought to uncover whether differences exist in modes of decision-making concerning family tourism, travel frequency, travel length, dining outlets, accommodation, and modes of transportation among families with children of different ages. A questionnaire based on the literature was applied to Taiwanese families, and 608 valid responses were obtained. The results revealed that the different ages of the children determine travel motivation, decision-making, tourism activities, travel length, safety and hygiene, dining options, and accommodation. These results, which are novel in tourism literature, are discussed, and practical implications are drawn.
Statistical validation of a large-scale web survey during the COVID-19 pandemic in India
Authors: Motheram Abhinav , Chowdhury Soumi , Pramanik Santanu
Published: January 2025

Background: There was an overwhelming demand for data to respond to economic and health emergencies during the COVID-19 pandemic. This forced the remote modes of data collection such as mobile and web surveys to come to the forefront, which was not the case before in many low and middle-income countries, including India. The primary concerns with remote mode surveys are undercoverage of target population and self-selection of the survey respondents resulting in biased estimates.

Methods: Using unit level data from COVID-19 Trends and Impact Survey (CTIS) from India, the largest public health web survey, we examine the bias in the estimates of vaccine uptake, a population measure which changes rapidly with time, particularly right after its roll out in India on 16 January 2021. In the absence of independently verified ‘ground truth’ or ‘gold standard’ for assessing bias in surveys, we discuss the need for statistical representativeness of web surveys and methods of achieving it.

Results: Bias in CTIS estimates of vaccine uptake is not constant over time, rather it increases up to a certain point of time and then decreases. Our findings are explained by the fact that the variability in the outcome of interest in the population first increases with time and then goes downward after more than 50% of the population are vaccinated. The validation of CTIS vaccine uptake estimates was possible as it is one of the rare situations where reliable gold standard measures were available. For another key indicator from CTIS, COVID-like illness (CLI) constructed based on self-reporting of symptoms, it is not trivial to assess the bias in the outcome as the quality of the gold standard is questionable.

Conclusion: Since absence of independently verified ‘ground truth’ or ‘gold standard’ for assessing bias in surveys is well acknowledged, it is crucial to validate statistical representativeness of web surveys with respect to key demographic characteristics of respondents which are often correlated with many outcome variables.
Fire Protection Using the CNN Algorithm in Mining Areas
Authors: Seenivasan M. , Pandiyan V. , Renuka K. , Karthick N.
Published: January 2025

Fire is generally happening due to climate and human careless in workplace especially like coal mines. It damages the ecosystem and causes destruction of places, and death of humans. Therefore, it is preferred to prevent the occurrence of fire. Compared to the conventional techniques for detecting fires in mining areas, based on RF wireless technology, a wireless sensor network was suggested. As name implies WSN’s are the network of wireless sensors, which is used in, automation, habitat monitoring, security and agriculture. This project describes the architecture of a system for temperature detection, humidity and smoke to stop fires that would result in the loss of many natural threats. The ADXL sensor is used to detect the fall down condition of pole in the due to the bad climatic condition and because of landslides. If the fire in the mining area is detected means send information to control room by using wireless RF communication. In addition, used web camera to detect the fire data then fire detected information viewed in PC through wirelessly connected any desk software. The camera and the device are placed in the pole on the workplace. Based on colour, light parameters, fire patterns CNN algorithm it detects the fire on mines, and also smoke sensor is used too to confirm the presence of fire by detecting harmful gases like CO gases.
Study and Simulation of Switched Reluctance Motor Drive Circuit for EV Application
Authors: Baghel Rishikesh , Singh Shivpal , Mahajan Chetana , Mandake Yogesh B. , Bankar Deepak S.
Published: January 2025

In recent years, an increase in emissions and a decrease in fossil fuels cause environmental pollution and its main air pollution, so we must restore the emissions of vehicles, and this can be achieved with the help of electric propulsion. An electric vehicle is a vehicle powered by an electric motor and powered by a rechargeable battery that can be charged with electricity. It also promotes the use of renewable energy. A rare earth magnet is a primary requirement for most engines. China is the supplier of more than 90% of rare earth magnets in the world and its price is high due to the scarcity of this magnet. So, we need to reduce the use of magnets and this can be achieved by using SRM motors in electric cars due to their reliable structure, high speed, fault tolerance and magnet less design. The main disadvantages of SRM are torque ripple, low power density, low power factor and small extended speed range. To solve this problem, we use an asymmetric bridge converter topology for a 0.5 kW, 2000 rpm, 8/6 SRM drive. Thus, the analysis and problem of Switched Reluctance Motor and the use of power transformers to minimize torque ripple were identified using Ansys Maxwell software (RMxprt tool).
Size Control of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized by UV Irradiation Technique from Silk Fibroin
Authors: Shivananda C. S. , Poojitha G. , Madhu S.
Published: January 2025

This paper presents a standard protocol for the fabrication of biocompatible metal silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by utilizing protein biomaterials Silk Fibroin (SF) under Ultra-Violet (UV) environment. The silk protein solution has good reducing and stabilizer for the formation of AgNPs. The duration of UV exposure influences the size and shape of the AgNPs. The plasmonic resonance band observed around 425-430 nm is validated from UV-Vis absorption studies and it confirms the conversion of Ag+ to Ag° in silk fibroin solution. AgNPs are evenly dispersed in the SF solution with narrow sizes, as evident by Transmission Electron Micrographs (TEM). The UV exposure time significantly impacted on the size reduction of Ag nanoparticles for medical and electronic device applications.
Effect of Electrothermal Convection in a Rotating Layer of Viscoelastic (Walter’s B) Fluid Saturated Porous Medium Heated from Below
Authors: Pavithra H. M. , Nair Deepa K. , Pulla Nagabhushan
Published: January 2025

We have looked at how a rotating layer of viscoelastic (Walter’s B) fluid saturated porous medium heated from below is affected by a vertical DC electric field when it comes to the commencement of thermal convection. The technique calledGalerkin is used to solve the eigen value problem in a numerical manner. The viscoelastic fluid “Walter’s B” exhibits behavior similar to a standard Newtonian nanofluid when there is stationary convection. The stationary convection does not begin at the viscoelasticity criteria. The stationary convection occurrence for rigid rigid boundaries is obtained analytically. More stabilization is present in the system with increase in Ta and Da-1. Heat is more effectively transferred and convection is hastened when a DC electric field is present. It’s important to note that the specific application of electro-thermal convection in mining will depend on the geological and environmental conditions of the site, as well as the type of minerals or resources being extracted. The effectiveness and feasibility of such methods will also need to be carefully evaluated in each case.
Impact of Drag Force, Dufour and Suction/Blowing on 2D Radiated Viscous Nanomaterial over Unsteady Stretching Surface
Authors: Sumithra R. , Dinesh P. A. , Yadav Sweeti , Roopa K. R. , Kalavathi G. K. , Ashoka G. S. , Prabhakar D. , Sandhya R. B. , Vinod
Published: January 2025

Numerical analysis of radiated viscous nanomaterial by a stretching surface with drag force, dofour effect and Joule heat source is presented in current research. With suitable method the partial differential equation is changed into a system of ordinary differential equations. Numerical solution of resultant equation is obtained by RKF45 technique. The effect of various relevant factors on velocities, concentration, temperature, Nusselt number is determined, and demonstrations are provided through the use of figures and tables. The obtained findings are compared to the previously obtained results. Major findings of this research are heat trasfer rate increases under the influence of dufour effect while it decline with drag force and suction/blowing effect. The results are impactful in various industries application like nuclear reactors, synthetic textiles, metal extrusion, crystal growth etc.
Metal Detection by the Estimation of HOMO-LUMO and Global Reactivity Descriptors of 1-Methyl-1HImidazole Substituted Coumarin
Authors: Seleen A. Anthony , Jyothi T. P. , Shwetha R. , Naik Lohit , Yao Yin , Kapelyushin Yury , Mbohwa Charles , Pasha U. Mahaboob
Published: January 2025

In this study, the photophysical properties of the compound 4-((2-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)-1-(2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl) ethoxy) methyl)-6-methyl-2H-chromen-2-one (2HBXO) using Density Functional Theory (DFT) with the B3LYP functional and the 6-311G basis set was investigated. The optimised molecular geometry, Mulliken charge distribution and the energy gap between the Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO) and the Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (LUMO) were examined in different solvent environments. This enabled us to calculate solvation energy, ionisation potential, electron affinity, chemical hardness, electronegativity, electron chemical potential and global electrophilicity. The total electron density and molecular electrostatic potential distributions were also analysed to gain insights into the potential distribution across the molecule. Based on these findings, this coumarin derivative’s electronic and spectroscopic characteristics. The presence of electronegative sites in 2HBXO suggests its potential application as a sensor for detecting metal ions.
A Comprehensive Study on Molecular Geometry, HOMO-LUMO, and Global Reactivity Descriptors of Quinolin-2(1H)-One Substituted Coumarin Derivative: A Computational Approach
Authors: Sudha Ramani , Roopa D. , Khan Misbhauddin , Shanthanam Radha Rammohan , Seleen A. Anthony , Naik Lohit , Yao Yin , Kapelyushin Yury , Mbohwa Charles , Pasha U. Mahaboob
Published: January 2025

This research article presents Density Functional Theory (DFT) investigations on a 4-(2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-1-(2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)ethoxy)quinolin-2(1H)-one (4HCQ). Employing DFT calculations, we explored various energy components of 4HCQ in its ground state, both in isolation and in diverse solvent environments, to examine solvent effects. Our analysis extends to the optimized geometry, Mulliken charge distribution in both ground and excited states, and the computed highest occupied molecular orbital, lowest unoccupied molecular orbital gap of 4HCQ in different mediums, allowing for the determination of solvation energy, ionization potential, electron affinity, chemical hardness, electron chemical potential, electronegativity and global electrophilicity. The density distribution analysis through total electron density and molecular electrostatic potential to understand the potential distribution over the molecule. Additionally, frontier molecular orbitals analysis was conducted. Overall, our study aims to elucidate the electronic, thermodynamic, and spectroscopic parameters of the coumarin derivative, considering solvent and solute-solvent interactions. The insights gained into the structural, electronic, and optical properties of this compound contribute to a deeper comprehension of its behavior in different mediums, with potential implications for exploring its optoelectronic application.
Metal Ion Sensing by Computational Characterisation of 1H-Benzo[d] Imidazole - Substituted Coumarin Derivatives
Authors: Shwetha R. , Roopa D. , Naik Lohit , Yao Yin , Kapelyushin Yury , Mbohwa Charles , Pasha U. Mahaboob
Published: January 2025

The present work presents a computational investigations on a 3-(2-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)-1-((6-chloro-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)methoxy)ethyl)-6-chloro-2H-chromen-2-one (3ClOX) using Density Functional Theory (DFT) with the B3LYP functional and 6-311G basis set. The optimised geometry reveals key structural characteristics, such as bond lengths, bond angles and dihedral angles, which provide insights into the molecule's aromatic and planar regions. Mulliken charge distribution analysis in a vacuum, hexene and Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) solvents highlights the solvent influence on electron density, with polar solvents showing enhanced charge separation. Frontier Molecular Orbital (FMO) analysis indicates an energy gap (ΔE) of 3.239 eV between the Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO) and Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (LUMO), suggesting moderate molecular stability and reactivity. The molecule's global reactivity descriptors, including ionisation potential, electron affinity, chemical hardness and electrophilicity, reveal its potential for charge transfer processes and interactions in chemical and electrochemical systems. The Electrostatic Potential (ESP) and Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MESP) mappings further demonstrate electron density concentration and depletion regions, essential for understanding the molecule’s reactivity. The findings suggest that 3ClOX could be a promising candidate for applications in photonics, charge-transfer systems and electrochemical sensors, owing to its balanced stability, moderate reactivity and strong electrophilic nature. Overall, the results suggest that the 3ClOX molecule could serve as a sensor for detecting metal ions.
Water Audit Practices in Indian Educational Institutions - A Critical Review
Authors: Tabassum Hajira , Raju K. Venkatesha
Published: January 2025

This study critically examines the water audit practices in educational institutions across India, aiming to identify the gaps and challenges in water management within these settings. With India facing severe water scarcity issues exacerbated by rapid urbanization and population growth, effective water management in educational institutions is imperative for sustainability and conservation efforts. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the research will encompass a comprehensive literature review, qualitative interviews with key stakeholders including administrators, facility managers, and Environmental experts, and quantitative data analysis of water usage patterns. By evaluating existing water audit frameworks, policies, and implementation strategies, the study seeks to assess their effectiveness and relevance within the context of Indian educational institutions. Furthermore, it will explore the socioeconomic, infrastructural, and behavioral factors influencing water consumption patterns and conservation efforts. The findings of this research aim to inform policymakers, educational administrators, and other stakeholders about the current state of water management practices in educational institutions and provide recommendations for enhancing sustainability and resilience in the face of water scarcity challenges.
Gold Nanoparticles - Antibody Based Immunosensor for Detection of Arsenic in Ground Water Sample
Authors: Chaitanya Lakshmi G.
Published: January 2025

The arsenic in groundwater samples is found to harm human health and the environment. Detection of arsenic by gold nanoparticle-antibody based immunosensor plays a vital role in the present day scenario where people need not use sophisticated laboratory detection systems if the efficient immunosensors are developed against metal contaminants. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are chosen because they exhibit unique optical and electronic properties, which in-turn enhances the sensitivity, selectivity and specificity in the field of immunobiosensors. The design of the immunosensor involves conjugation of antibodies that are generated against arsenite (As³) by functionalizing with gold nanoparticles that helps in specific binding to arsenite (As³) in real samples. The concentration of arsenite (As³) under test was ranging from 50ng/l to 500ng/l. The dectection limit of arsenite (As³) was found to be 38ng/l by the designed gold nanoparticle-antibody based immunosensor.
Carbon Sequestration of Tree Plantation in Casfos Campus, Coimbatore Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Chandrashekar J. S. , Mahalakshmi M.
Published: January 2025

The study was carried out for analysing carbon sequestration of tree plantation in CASFOS Campus, Coimbatore Tamil Nadu. There were 362 tree counts are recorded with Crescentia cujete showed better carbon sequestration potential rate with 0.321 tons/tree of carbon and Muntingia calabura has the lowest sequestration rate which sequestered 0.004 tons/tree of carbon as compared to other species. An average of 0.113 tons per tree carbon is sequestered and total carbon sequestered 40.842 tons/tree in the CASFOS Campus. This study helps to improve the carbon sequestration areas to reduce the atmospheric carbon and act as carbon sinks in urban areas.
Radiation Effect on Inclined Peristaltic Couple Stress Fluid Flow in an Asymmetric Horizontal Channel
Authors: Reddy Avula Sreevallabha , Neeraja Gullapalli , Swetha B. N. , Babu R. Suresh , Dinesh P. A.
Published: January 2025

In the Present paper a theoretical investigation on the influence of radiation Impact on the couple stress fluid in an inclined horizontal channel with peristalsis is considered. The velocity, pressure gradient and frictional force are analyzed by utilizing numerical and analytical methods. The numerical outcomes are graphically represented with relevant numerical data in the scientific literature for the non-dimensional physical parameters. The observations show that the trapping fluid is removable and the magnetic field will substantially reduce central line axial velocity.
Removal of Mercury Ions from Simulated Wastewater Using Scapes of Allium sativum L. as Low-Cost Bio- Adsorbent
Authors: Gour Pooja , Kumar Jyotsna , Roy Lairikyengbam Deepti
Published: January 2025

Mankind has witnessed various environmental issues with the onset of industrialization. Several industries, like paint, electroplating, leather, textiles, petroleum refining, dyes and pigments, etc., holds significant amounts of metals and heavy metals in their wastewater. Consequently, disturbance in ecosystems is quite visible in the form of water pollution. Conventional metals and heavy metal removal methods, such as reverse osmosis, chemical precipitation, ion exchange, electrodialysis, chemical oxidation, membrane separation, and so on, are energy intensive, expensive, and produce toxic by-products as secondary pollutants. Among the conventional methods, adsorption has been found to be cost-effective with high efficacy for removing heavy metals from wastewater. In the present study, finely powdered garlic scapes have been used as bio-adsorbents for mercury removal from simulated wastewater. Characterization of prepared bio-adsorbent was carried out by XRD, ATR-FTIR and FE-SEM, EDX. For the optimization of various parameters, batch studies were carried out using AAS (Atomic Adsorption Spectroscopy) by varying contact time, adsorbent dose, temperature and pH. Optimum results were obtained at 10 pH when the adsorbent dose was 50 mg for 45 minutes of contact time at 100ºC. The adsorption efficiency of the prepared biosorbent at optimum conditions was found to be 45–77%. Investigational data were best fitted into a pseudo-second order kinetic model (r2=0.99993). Therefore, the prepared adsorbent has the potential to remove mercury ions from simulated wastewater and can be explored further at a pilot scale.
Solution of Flows in Perfect Fluid Space-Time
Authors: Praveena M. M. , Arjun C. M.
Published: January 2025

Our investigation revolves around examining solutions within the context of Ricci and Einstein flows in perfect fluid space-time. We specifically focus on scenarios where the quasi-conformal and pseudo-projective curvature tensors in perfect fluid space-time exhibit pseudo-symmetry and flatness. Additionally, we provide conditions that determine whether the solutions of the Ricci and Einstein flows manifest as steady, expanding, or shrinking.
Synthesis and Characterisation of Coumarin Analogues Using Palladium Catalyst and their Free Radical Scavenging Activity
Authors: Nagesh B. V. , Aier Jepangsur , Yallur Basappa C. , Adimule Vinayak M. , Pai Maya , Kusnoor Raviraj , Batakurki Sheetal R.
Published: January 2025

Coumarins are naturally and synthetically derived compounds containing oxygen. In this work, coumarin analogues were synthesised by Suzuki cross-coupling reaction using boronic acid in the presence of a palladium catalyst with a base. The synthesised compounds were screened for free radical scavenging activity by the DPPH method. The synthesised compound Ethyl 6-(4-fluorophenyl)-8-formyl-2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carboxylate showed a better inhibition percentage than ethyl 6-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-8-formyl-2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carboxylate. The compound Ethyl 6-(4-fluorophenyl)-8-formyl-2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carboxylate showed 80% inhibition while Ethyl 6-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-8-formyl-2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carboxylate showed 75% inhibition.
A Review on Synthesis and Biological Activities of Oxadiazole Derivatives
Authors: Ahmed Eliza , Yallur Basappa C. , Patil Archana R. , Adimule Vinayak , Kusanur Raviraj , Batakurki Sheetal R.
Published: January 2025

Heterocyclic compounds are organic molecules of the cyclic type’s compounds with one or more than one heteroatom; such as oxygen, nitrogen or sulphur. They are used as precursors for synthesis of various compounds of pharmaceutical, agrochemicals, paints and dye, food applications. Metal coordinated with heterocyclic compounds are widely used as drugs and in various surgical instruments. Synthetic heterocycles have extensive therapeutic uses such as antibacterial, anticancer, antioxidant and anti-tumor etc. Antibacterial or antibiotics are used to prevent or suppressing bacteria growth. Many heterocyclic compounds such as Doxorubicin, Gefitinib, Nivolumab, Selpercatinib etc., are all FDA approved drugs containing either nitrogen or oxygen heterocyclic moieties. This paper aims to review the synthesis, properties and biological evaluation of oxadiazole heterocyclic compounds that can be further co-ordinated with suitable metal.
A Study on the Tribological and Environmental Benefits of Iron Oxide Nanoparticle-Enriched Biodiesel Blends for IC Engines
Authors: Sanjay H. M. , Ramachandra C. G. , Nagesh S. N. , Ganiger Basavaraj , Ganesh C.
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the development of bio-lubricants derived from Honge, Neem and Mahua seed oils, enhanced with iron oxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticles, for potential use in internal combustion engines. Through transesterification, using methanol and sodium hydroxide, biodiesel was produced and then blended in varying proportions with diesel and Fe2O3 nanoparticles. The properties of these blends, including flash and fire points, kinematic viscosity, cloud and pour points, density, ash content and acid number, were thoroughly assessed according to standard methodologies. Results indicated higher flash points for bio-lubricants over diesel, suggesting enhanced safety. Nanoparticle addition notably improved fuel properties, suggesting a pathway to optimising biodiesel blends for both performance and environmental benefits. The study underscores the viability of these nano-enhanced bio-lubricants as sustainable alternatives to conventional lubricants, offering significant environmental advantages, including lower sulfur emissions and cleaner combustion, aligning with global efforts towards greener energy solutions.
A Non-Linear Study of Viscous Dissipation and Joule Effect on MHD Non-Newtonian Nanomaterial Flow over an Exponential Stretching Sheet with Heat Sink/Source and Chemical Reaction
Authors: Dinesh P. A. , Sumithra R. , Jyothirmayi M. , Yadav Sweeti , Roopa K. R. , Shalini U. , Bhavya V. , Laxminarasamma C. , Venkatalakshmi S. M.
Published: January 2025

This analysis presents the viscous flow of nanomaterials across a nonlinear stretching sheet in the boundary layer when there is a magnetic field. Rather than considering no slip conditions at the interface, velocity and thermal slip conditions are taken into account. The controlling partial differential equations are converted into non-linear ordinary differential equations by means of a similarity transformation set. The simplified equations are numerically solved using the shooting technique. The influence of controlling parameters on the mass diffusion of nanoparticles, temperature, speed, local mass transfer Sherwood number, Nusselt number, and drag coefficient is examined. It is discovered that while mass transfer increases, flow velocity, skin friction, and heat transfers decrease as the velocity slip parameter increases. The rates of mass and heat transmission decrease as the thermal slip parameters are increased. Graphical representations of the results are provided.
Quantum Chemical Computations, Photophysical Properties and Molecular Docking of Coumarin Derivative
Authors: Bhavya P. , Kumar T. M. Mohan , Kusanur Raviraj , Dinesh P. A. , Kumar Vijaya
Published: January 2025

This research utilises a combination of computational and experimental methods to examine the spectral and photophysical characteristics of the coumarin derivative [1-Methyl-benzo[f]chromen-3-one (1MBC)]. The ground and excited state dipole moments are calculated using various polarity and polarizability solvents. With increasing solvent polarity, an increase in wavelength was seen, indicating a π →π* transition caused by intermolecular charge transfer interactions. Additionally, experimentally measured dipole moment (Δμ) values are compared to microscopic empirical solvent polarity values. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations employing B3LYP/6-31+G (d, p) basis sets were utilised to explore molecular properties via quantum chemical simulations, along with conducting Frontier Molecular Orbitals (FMO) analysis to study chemical reactivity and kinetic stability. The properties of Mulliken charges and Non-Liner Opticals (NLOs) are investigated further. Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analysis reveals a substantial stabilisation energy, indicating a specific donor-acceptor interaction via proton transfer. The software Schrodinger Maestro 11.2 was utilised to carry out docking studies. The binding affinities of 1MBC with periplasmic protein were determined using the GLIDE scores (PDB ID-2IPM). The spectroscopic and quantum computational work presented here is critical for using boronic acid derivatives as chemo sensors and the rational design of novel molecular probes. Heterocyclic organic compounds such as which contain at least one ring with atoms of at least two different elements such as Coumarin derivatives, have various applicability in the mining field such as corrosion inhibitors in equipment, flotation agents etc.
Exploring Boronic Acid Derivative through their Photophysical Properties, Quantum Chemical Computations and Molecular Docking
Authors: Bhavya P. , Kusanur Raviraj , Nagaraja D. , Kumar Vijaya , Ramesh N. L.
Published: January 2025

This study employs computational and experimental approaches to explore the spectral and photophysical features of the boronic acid derivative 2-Methoxy phenylboronic acid (2MEPBA). Various solvents exhibiting different levels of polarity and polarisability are employed to calculate the dipole moments in both the ground and excited states. With increasing solvent polarity, an increase in wavelength was seen, indicating a π →π* transition caused by intermolecular charge transfer interactions. Additionally, experimentally measured dipole moment (Δμ) values are compared to microscopic empirical solvent polarity (ETN) values. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations employing B3LYP/6-31+G (d, p) basis sets are utilised to explore molecular properties via quantum chemical simulations and conduct Frontier Molecular Orbital (FMO) analysis to study chemical reactivity and kinetic stability. The properties of Mulliken charges and Non-Linear Opticals (NLOs) are investigated further. Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analysis reveals substantial stabilisation energy, indicating a specific donor-acceptor interaction via proton transfer. The software Schrodinger Maestro 11.2 was utilised to carry out docking studies. The binding affinities of 2MEPBA with periplasmic protein were determined using the GLIDE scores (PDB ID-2IPM). The spectroscopic and quantum computational work presented here is critical for using boronic acid derivatives as chemo sensors and the rational design of novel molecular probes. Boronic acid derivatives are in the early stages of development in the field of mining and efforts are being made to investigate the possible advantages of using them. Because of their special qualities, they could be useful instruments for raising safety, cutting costs, and increasing efficiency in the mining, minerals, and fuels sectors.
Titanium Dioxide Based Nanoparticles to Decompose Hypertension Drug from Municipal Waste Water
Authors: Vishnuvardhan T. K. , Shivaramaiah V.
Published: January 2025

Hypertension drugs usage will be increasing in developing countries in that our India is one. One of the pharmaceutical effluents contain amlodipine is toxic to water bodies to create major ecological issue. This study focus to develop an economical nanophotocatalyst like Fe doped nanoTiO2 and Copper doped nanoTiO2. Obtained Cu/Fe doped nanoTiO2 indicates the rutile –anatase phase transformation improves the surface property of composite. The Fe doped nanoTiO2 shows 96 % photodegradation of amlodipine compared to the Cu- TiO2 and it is competitive to literature.
Utilization of Tasar Pupae (Antheraea mylitta) for Biodiesel Production: An Alternative and Green Approach
Authors: Kumari B. S. Ramya , Pant Geetika
Published: January 2025

The biofuels as a rule are usually centered around the reality that they are obtained from agricultural products. In the event that the effective innovation is developed for the extraction of biofuels from waste byproducts, many industries including mining, aviation and transportation sectors would then furnish the most consequential changes in waste management, waste to value-added products and decreased transportation costs. The present study focuses on the utilization of silkworm pupae waste from Antheraea mylitta as useful energy in the tanks of diesel vehicles. The physiochemical properties such as saponification value, iodine number and viscosity of obtained biodiesel after transesterification were seen to be 186 mg/g, Iodine values were 112 mg/g and 35.8 mm2/s respectively. Formation of FAME’s was confirmed by GC-MS analysis. The pupae biodiesel chemical composition exhibited ten types of FAME’s that were identified by retention time data and verified by the mass fragmentation pattern. The sample consists of predominantly Pentane,2,2,4-trimethyl, cyclobutanol, glycerine, diglycolic acid, silane, diethoxyldimethyl, glycolic acid, succinic acid, 1,4-cyclohexane. The percentage yield of biodiesel obtained was found to be fairly high as 78%. This elevated percentage conversion of pupae oil to biodiesel concludes that silkworm pupae waste has the potency to be used as an alternative feed stalk to create supplement fuels for CI engines. This integration holds the promise of not only addressing environmental concerns but also providing a cost-effective and locally sourced energy solution for mining and other fuel requiring operations.