bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TSH suppressive therapy and bone
Authors: Brancatella Alessandro , Marcocci Claudio
Published: June 2020

Thyroid hormones stimulate bone turnover in adults by increasing osteoclastic bone resorption. TSH suppressive therapy is usually applied in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) to improve the disease outcome. Over the last decades several authors have closely monitored the potential harm suffered by the skeletal system. Several studies and meta-analyses have shown that chronic TSH suppressive therapy is safe in premenopausal women and men. Conversely, in postmenopausal women TSH suppressive therapy is associated with a decrease of bone mineral density, deterioration of bone architecture (quantitative CT, QCT; trabecular bone score, TBS), and, possibly, an increased risk of fractures. The TSH receptor is expressed in bone cells and the results of experimental studies in TSH receptor knockout mice and humans on whether low TSH levels, as opposed to solely high thyroid hormone levels, might contribute to bone loss in endogenous or exogenous thyrotoxicosis remain controversial. Recent guidelines on the use of TSH suppressive therapy in patients with DTC give value not only to its benefit on the outcome of the disease, but also to the risks associated with exogenous thyrotoxicosis, namely menopause, osteopenia or osteoporosis, age >60 years, and history of atrial fibrillation. Bone health (BMD and/or preferably TBS) should be evaluated in postmenopausal women under chronic TSH suppressive therapy or in those patients planning to be treated for several years. Antiresorptive therapy could also be considered in selected cases (increased risk of fracture or significant decline of BMD/TBS during therapy) to prevent bone loss.
Clinical spectrum of primary adrenal lymphoma: results of a multicenter cohort study
Authors: Majidi Fatemeh , Martino Samuela , Kondakci Mustafa , Antke Christina , Haase Matthias , Chortis Vasileios , Arlt Wiebke , Ronchi Cristina L , Fassnacht Martin , Laurent Claire , Petit Jean-Michel , Casasnovas Olivier , Habra Amir Mouhammed , Kanji Aleem , Salvatori Roberto , Ho An Thi Nhat , Spyroglou Ariadni , Beuschlein Felix , Villa Diego , Limvorapitak Wasithep , Wahlin Björn Engelbrekt , Gimm Oliver , Rudelius Martina , Schott Matthias , Germing Ulrich , Haas Rainer , Gattermann Norbert
Published: June 2020

Purpose:

We sought to refine the clinical picture of primary adrenal lymphoma (PAL), a rare lymphoid malignancy with predominant adrenal manifestation and risk of adrenal insufficiency.

Methods:

Ninety-seven patients from 14 centers in Europe, Canada and the United States were included in this retrospective analysis between 1994 and 2017.

Results:

Of the 81 patients with imaging data, 19 (23%) had isolated adrenal involvement (iPAL), while 62 (77%) had additional extra-adrenal involvement (PAL+). Among patients who had both CT and PET scans, 18FDG-PET revealed extra-adrenal involvement not detected by CT scan in 9/18 cases (50%). The most common clinical manifestations were B symptoms (55%), fatigue (45%), and abdominal pain (35%). Endocrinological assessment was often inadequate. With a median follow-up of 41.6 months, 3-year progression-free (PFS) and overall (OS) survival rates in the entire cohort were 35.5% and 39.4%, respectively. The hazard ratios of iPAL for PFS and OS were 40.1 (95% CI: 2.63–613.7, P = 0.008) and 2.69 (95% CI: 0.61–11.89, P = 0.191), respectively. PFS was much shorter in iPAL vs PAL+ (median 4 months vs not reached, P = 0.006), and OS also appeared to be shorter (median 16 months vs not reached), but the difference did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.16). Isolated PAL was more frequent in females (OR = 3.81; P = 0.01) and less frequently associated with B symptoms (OR = 0.159; P = 0.004).

Conclusion:

We found unexpected heterogeneity in the clinical spectrum of PAL. Further studies are needed to clarify whether clinical distinction between iPAL and PAL+ is corroborated by differences in molecular biology.
Critical evaluation of the newborn screening for congenital hypothyroidism in the Netherlands
Authors: Stroek Kevin , Heijboer Annemieke C , Bouva Marelle J , van der Ploeg Catharina P B , Heijnen Marie-Louise A , Weijman Gert , Bosch Annet M , de Jonge Robert , Schielen Peter C J I , van Trotsenburg A S Paul , Boelen Anita
Published: June 2020

Objective:

Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is defined as thyroid hormone deficiency at birth due to disorders of the thyroid gland (thyroidal CH, CH-T), or the hypothalamus or pituitary (central CH, CH-C). The Dutch Newborn Screening (NBS) strategy is primarily based on determination of thyroxine (T4) concentrations in dried blood spots followed, if necessary, by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) measurement enabling detection of both CH-T and CH-C. A calculated T4/TBG ratio serves as an indirect measure for free T4. A T4/TBG ratio ≤ 17 in a second heel puncture is suggestive of CH-C.

Design and methods:

In the present study, we evaluated 11 years of Dutch CH NBS using a database of referred cases by assessing the contribution of each criterion in the unique stepwise T4-TSH-TBG NBS algorithm.

Results:

Between 2007 and the end of 2017, 1 963 465 newborns were screened in the Netherlands. Use of the stepwise algorithm led to 3044 referrals and the identification of 612 CH cases, consisting of 496 CH-T, 86 CH-C, and 30 CH of unknown origin diagnoses. We detected 62.8% of CH-C cases by the T4/TBG ratio in the second heel puncture. The positive predictive value (PPV) of the stepwise T4-TSH-TBG NBS algorithm was 21.0%.

Conclusion:

This evaluation shows that the Dutch stepwise T4-TSH-TBG NBS algorithm with a calculated T4/TBG ratio is of great value for the detection of both CH-T and CH-C in the Netherlands, at the cost of a lower PPV compared to TSH-based NBS strategies.
La prevención del delito a través de prácticas situacionales
Authors: Joao Fernando Luis , Fernández Romo Rodolfo Máximo
Published: June 2020

La prevención del delito constituye una aspiración histórica del Derecho penal y específicamente de la criminología, la que como ciencia de carácter científico y tomando como referente los estudios empíricos desarrollados regularmente, identifica en lo fundamental la prevención social comunitaria y la prevención situacional, las que con propósitos determinados se diferencian desde lo axiológico, pero presentan un objetivo común: prevenir el delito. La prevención situacional para fundamentar su contenido toma como referente las teorías de la oportunidad, la de la elección racional, la de las ventanas rotas y la del diseño ambiental, base sobre la cual se han implementado estrategias preventivas de esta naturaleza en diversos países, incluyendo países en vías de desarrollo, estimándose viable el desarrollo de estrategias de prevención situacional mediante el diseño ambiental; tiene un fundamento ideológico eminentemente pragmático y utilitarista; su objetivo no es otro que mantener en límites admisibles el delito como fenómeno social multicausal, razón por la cual más que un conjunto de teorías contra la criminalidad deben ser estimadas acciones técnicas que tributan a una disminución consciente y deliberada del crimen. Su aporte criminológico consiste en que desconoce los procesos de estigmatización que tradicionalmente ha asumido la criminología al considerar al delincuente portador de una conducta desviada, su fundamental crítica radica en que la posible ejecución de actividades delictivas no puede descansar en la condición de ser racional del comisor del delito, toda vez que la motivación del delincuente en última instancia se supedita a condicionantes sociales y económicos, los que se corresponden con fallas estructurales de las sociedades actuales, propias del neoliberalismo.
Spontaneous Tumor Regression in Tasmanian Devils Associated with RASL11A Activation
Authors: Margres Mark J , Ruiz-Aravena Manuel , Hamede Rodrigo , Chawla Kusum , Patton Austin H , Lawrance Matthew F , Fraik Alexandra K , Stahlke Amanda R , Davis Brian W , Ostrander Elaine A , Jones Menna E , McCallum Hamish , Paddison Patrick J , Hohenlohe Paul A , Hockenbery David , Storfer Andrew
Published: June 2020

Spontaneous cancer regression in humans is uncommon, but understanding the mechanisms is key for advancing treatment. Using Devil Facial Tumor Disease as a model, Margres et al. employed comparative....
Fatores que Influenciam o Uso de Software Educativo no Ensino de Matemática
Authors: Nascimiento María Manuel , Nunes Paula Sofía , Catarino Puala
Published: June 2020

Neste trabalho pretende-se explorar e descrever fatores fundamentais que influenciam o conhecimento e a utilização das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC), em particular de Software Educativo (SE) como ferramenta, pelos professores que ensinam Matemática, em qualquer ciclo de ensino português. O método adotado possui natureza descritiva e exploratória, com enfoque num paradigma quantitativo. Os participantes no estudo foram 96 docentes que ensinam Matemática, de várias escolas básicas e secundárias, de diferentes regiões de Portugal, bem como, de outros países onde se insere o currículo português. Foram utilizados como instrumentos um questionário, o teste da independência do quiquadrado e o teste V de Cramer. A análise dos dados foi feita com recurso ao SPSS (versão 25) e ao Excel (Office 2016). Os resultados obtidos sugerem que a idade, o género e o tempo de serviço dos professores que lecionam Matemática, poderão ser fatores fundamentais que influenciam o conhecimento e a utilização do SE Kahoot e que ter formação poderá ser condição essencial para a utilização dos SE Modellus e Scratch. Não encontramos nenhuma relação de dependência entre ter formação e a utilização do SE Régua e Compasso pelos inquiridos
Complete Heart Block Secondary to Flecainide Toxicity: Is It Time for CYP2D6 Genotype Testing?
Authors: Poh Bao Hui , Lee Jan Hau , Abdul Haium Abdul Alim , Choo Tze Liang Jonathan
Published: June 2020

Flecainide acetate is a Vaughan-Williams class IC antiarrhythmic drug prescribed for the treatment of supraventricular arrhythmias. It has a narrow therapeutic index and proarrhythmic effects even at therapeutic doses. Flecainide is metabolized by a CYP2D6 enzyme that exhibits polymorphism. In this case report, we present, to our best knowledge, the first case of toxicity contributed by genetic polymorphism in an infant. Our patient with recurrent supraventricular tachycardia was treated with a therapeutic dose of flecainide but developed heart block requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support and subsequent treatment with lipid emulsion therapy. He was found to have supratherapeutic serum flecainide concentration, and gene testing revealed the patient to be an intermediate metabolizer. With this case report, we reinforce the importance of evaluating the CYP2D6 genotype before drug initiation in the neonatal population and recommend regular monitoring of serum flecainide levels and electrocardiograms in these patients.
Surveying the Perception of the Environmental Advantages of an Adaptable Product
Authors: González Marta Royo , Mulet Elena , Chulvi Vicente , Galán Julia
Published: June 2020

The aim of adaptable design is to create products that can easily adapt to different needs. The objective if this study is to analyze the effectivenes in communication to promote an adaptable baby stroller, in order to know the user perception of the advantages derived from its adaptability, as well as the environmental ones, and if there is correlation between them. It is also intended to determine whether age or previous experience with this type of product can influence this perception. To this effect, a study with 54 participants has been conducted. Results show that users percieve the advantages and find the adaptable design interesting. Valuation of the advantages of the product is affected by previous user experience with the need for adaptability. Valuation of the environmental benefits is independent from the degree of experiense, as well as from the age of the participants (between 30 and 45 years old).
SAP Algorithm for Citation Analysis: An improvement to Tree of Science
Authors: Valencia-Hernandez Daniel Stiven , Robledo Sebastian , Pinilla Ricardo , Duque-Méndez Nestor Darío , Olivar-Tost Gerard
Published: June 2020

Tree of Science (ToS) is a web-based tool which uses the network structure of paper citation to identify relevant literature. ToS shows the information in the form of a tree, where the articles located in the roots are the classics, in the trunk are the structural publications, and leaves are the most current papers. It has been found that some results in the leaves can be separated from the tree. Therefore, an algorithm (SAP) is proposed, in order to improve results in the leaves. Two improvements are presented: articles located in the leaves are from the last five years, and they are connected to root and trunk articles through their citations. This improvement facilitates construction of current literature for researchers.
El bucanero reformado como creador de geografías: espacio y territorio en la costa peninsular yucateca
Authors: Cervera Molina Ana Elvira
Published: June 2020

William Dampier fue un copioso proveedor de narraciones etnobotánicas que alimentaron la imaginación inglesa en Europa durante el siglo XVIII. Con un pasado obscuro como navegante mercenario, entre 1675 y 1678, Dampier visitó América Central con un especial foco en las bahías de Campeche y Honduras. A su paso, describió todo aquello de interés que a su juicio pudiera haber en el paisaje. Aunque minuciosa e ilustrada con mapas, su narración y los consecuentes dibujos que la acompañaron, estuvieron plagados de silencios relacionados con la población maya que habitaba la costa de la península de Yucatán
Opinião de escolares adolescentes fumantes sobre aconselhamento e tratamento para cessação do tabagismo em serviços de saúde: estudo transversal, estado de Goiás, 2018
Authors: Rios Leonardo Essado , Freire Maria do Carmo Matias
Published: June 2020

Objetivo: Conhecer a opinião de escolares adolescentes fumantes sobre aconselhamento e tratamento para cessação do tabagismo, e investigar se uma opinião negativa estava associada à falta de motivação para parar de fumar. Métodos: Estudo transversal, realizado no estado de Goiás, Brasil, com amostra intencional de escolares adolescentes, em 2018. Utilizou-se regressão de Poisson. Resultados: Participaram 130 adolescentes. A maioria manifestou opinião positiva sobre as três intervenções para cessação do tabagismo pesquisadas: aconselhamento médico (76,2%), aconselhamento odontológico (70,0%) e tratamento para cessação (66,2%). Opiniões negativas foram mais frequentes entre jovens desmotivados a abandonar o tabagismo (p<0,05). Análises de regressão revelaram a falta de motivação para parar de fumar associada à opinião negativa sobre cada uma das três intervenções. Conclusão: Os adolescentes apresentaram opinião positiva sobre oferta de aconselhamento e tratamento para cessação do tabagismo em serviços de saúde. Opinião negativa foi associada à falta de motivação para cessar o tabagismo.
Access to oral health in primary care before and after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil
Authors: Lucena Edson Hilan Gomes de , Freire Aldelany Ramalho , Freire Deborah Ellen Wanderley Gomes , Araújo Elza Cristina Farias de , Lira Gabriela de Nazaré Wanderley , Brito Arella Cristina Muniz , Padilha Wilton Wilney Nascimento , Wanderley Cavalcanti Yuri
Published: June 2020

This study compared the access to oral health in primary care, before and after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. An observational study with a cross-sectional ecological design was carried out, using data from the Health Information System for Primary Care (SISAB). Data regarding the number of Oral Health Teams (OHT), Oral Health Coverage in Primary Care (OHC), number of First Programmatic Dental Consultations (FPDC), and number of visits due to dental abscess and toothache were collected. Data were collected by state as consolidated of the first quarter (January to April) of 2019 and of 2020. The median of the difference (MD) and the percentage of variation (%V) were obtained for each variable. Data were compared by Wilcoxon test (α<0,05). An increase in the number of OHT was observed in 25 states (MD=45, %V=6.13%, p<0.001), whilst the OHC increased in 17 states (MD=1.01, %V=1.62%, p=0.035) between the 2019 and 2020. We also verified a significant reduction in the number of FPDC (MD=- 42,806, %V=-38.70%, p<0.001), as well as in the number of visits due to dental abscess (MD=-1,032, % V=-29.04%, p=0.002) and due to toothache (MD=-14,445, %V=-32.68%, p<0.001). Although an expansion of OHT and OHC between 2019 and 2020 was verified, access to oral health in primary care has decreased due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Model Watermarking for Image Processing Networks
Authors: Zhang Jie , Chen Dongdong , Liao Jing , Fang Han , Zhang Weiming , Zhou Wenbo , Cui Hao , Yu Nenghai
Published: June 2020

Deep learning has achieved tremendous success in numerous industrial applications. As training a good model often needs massive high-quality data and computation resources, the learned models often have significant business values. However, these valuable deep models are exposed to a huge risk of infringements. For example, if the attacker has the full information of one target model including the network structure and weights, the model can be easily finetuned on new datasets. Even if the attacker can only access the output of the target model, he/she can still train another similar surrogate model by generating a large scale of input-output training pairs. How to protect the intellectual property of deep models is a very important but seriously under-researched problem. There are a few recent attempts at classification network protection only.In this paper, we propose the first model watermarking framework for protecting image processing models. To achieve this goal, we leverage the spatial invisible watermarking mechanism. Specifically, given a black-box target model, a unified and invisible watermark is hidden into its outputs, which can be regarded as a special task-agnostic barrier. In this way, when the attacker trains one surrogate model by using the input-output pairs of the target model, the hidden watermark will be learned and extracted afterward. To enable watermarks from binary bits to high-resolution images, both traditional and deep spatial invisible watermarking mechanism are considered. Experiments demonstrate the robustness of the proposed watermarking mechanism, which can resist surrogate models learned with different network structures and objective functions. Besides deep models, the proposed method is also easy to be extended to protect data and traditional image processing algorithms.
RIS-GAN: Explore Residual and Illumination with Generative Adversarial Networks for Shadow Removal
Authors: Zhang Ling , Long Chengjiang , Zhang Xiaolong , Xiao Chunxia
Published: June 2020

Residual images and illumination estimation have been proved very helpful in image enhancement. In this paper, we propose a general and novel framework RIS-GAN which explores residual and illumination with Generative Adversarial Networks for shadow removal. Combined with the coarse shadow-removal image, the estimated negative residual images and inverse illumination maps can be used to generate indirect shadow-removal images to refine the coarse shadow-removal result to the fine shadow-free image in a coarse-to-fine fashion. Three discriminators are designed to distinguish whether the predicted negative residual images, shadow-removal images, and the inverse illumination maps are real or fake jointly compared with the corresponding ground-truth information. To our best knowledge, we are the first one to explore residual and illumination for shadow removal. We evaluate our proposed method on two benchmark datasets, i.e., SRD and ISTD, and the extensive experiments demonstrate that our proposed method achieves the superior performance to state-of-the-arts, although we have no particular shadow-aware components designed in our generators.
Deep Camouflage Images
Authors: Zhang Qing , Yin Gelin , Nie Yongwei , Zheng Wei-Shi
Published: June 2020

This paper addresses the problem of creating camouflage images. Such images typically contain one or more hidden objects embedded into a background image, so that viewers are required to consciously focus to discover them. Previous methods basically rely on hand-crafted features and texture synthesis to create camouflage images. However, due to lack of reliable understanding of what essentially makes an object recognizable, they typically result in either complete standout or complete invisible hidden objects. Moreover, they may fail to produce seamless and natural images because of the sensitivity to appearance differences. To overcome these limitations, we present a novel neural style transfer approach that adopts the visual perception mechanism to create camouflage images, which allows us to hide objects more effectively while producing natural-looking results. In particular, we design an attention-aware camouflage loss to adaptively mask out information that make the hidden objects visually standout, and also leave subtle yet enough feature clues for viewers to perceive the hidden objects. To remove the appearance discontinuities between the hidden objects and the background, we formulate a naturalness regularization to constrain the hidden objects to maintain the manifold structure of the covered background. Extensive experiments show the advantages of our approach over existing camouflage methods and state-of-the-art neural style transfer algorithms.
Single Camera Training for Person Re-Identification
Authors: Zhang Tianyu , Xie Lingxi , Wei Longhui , Zhang Yongfei , Li Bo , Tian Qi
Published: June 2020

Person re-identification (ReID) aims at finding the same person in different cameras. Training such systems usually requires a large amount of cross-camera pedestrians to be annotated from surveillance videos, which is labor-consuming especially when the number of cameras is large. Differently, this paper investigates ReID in an unexplored single-camera-training (SCT) setting, where each person in the training set appears in only one camera. To the best of our knowledge, this setting was never studied before. SCT enjoys the advantage of low-cost data collection and annotation, and thus eases ReID systems to be trained in a brand new environment. However, it raises major challenges due to the lack of cross-camera person occurrences, which conventional approaches heavily rely on to extract discriminative features. The key to dealing with the challenges in the SCT setting lies in designing an effective mechanism to complement cross-camera annotation. We start with a regular deep network for feature extraction, upon which we propose a novel loss function named multi-camera negative loss (MCNL). This is a metric learning loss motivated by probability, suggesting that in a multi-camera system, one image is more likely to be closer to the most similar negative sample in other cameras than to the most similar negative sample in the same camera. In experiments, MCNL significantly boosts ReID accuracy in the SCT setting, which paves the way of fast deployment of ReID systems with good performance on new target scenes.
Multi-Instance Multi-Label Action Recognition and Localization Based on Spatio-Temporal Pre-Trimming for Untrimmed Videos
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Yu , Shi Haichao , Li Changsheng , Li Peng
Published: June 2020

Weakly supervised action recognition and localization for untrimmed videos is a challenging problem with extensive applications. The overwhelming irrelevant background contents in untrimmed videos severely hamper effective identification of actions of interest. In this paper, we propose a novel multi-instance multi-label modeling network based on spatio-temporal pre-trimming to recognize actions and locate corresponding frames in untrimmed videos. Motivated by the fact that person is the key factor in a human action, we spatially and temporally segment each untrimmed video into person-centric clips with pose estimation and tracking techniques. Given the bag-of-instances structure associated with video-level labels, action recognition is naturally formulated as a multi-instance multi-label learning problem. The network is optimized iteratively with selective coarse-to-fine pre-trimming based on instance-label activation. After convergence, temporal localization is further achieved with local-global temporal class activation map. Extensive experiments are conducted on two benchmark datasets, i.e. THUMOS14 and ActivityNet1.3, and experimental results clearly corroborate the efficacy of our method when compared with the state-of-the-arts.
When Radiology Report Generation Meets Knowledge Graph
Authors: Zhang Yixiao , Wang Xiaosong , Xu Ziyue , Yu Qihang , Yuille Alan , Xu Daguang
Published: June 2020

Automatic radiology report generation has been an attracting research problem towards computer-aided diagnosis to alleviate the workload of doctors in recent years. Deep learning techniques for natural image captioning are successfully adapted to generating radiology reports. However, radiology image reporting is different from the natural image captioning task in two aspects: 1) the accuracy of positive disease keyword mentions is critical in radiology image reporting in comparison to the equivalent importance of every single word in a natural image caption; 2) the evaluation of reporting quality should focus more on matching the disease keywords and their associated attributes instead of counting the occurrence of N-gram. Based on these concerns, we propose to utilize a pre-constructed graph embedding module (modeled with a graph convolutional neural network) on multiple disease findings to assist the generation of reports in this work. The incorporation of knowledge graph allows for dedicated feature learning for each disease finding and the relationship modeling between them. In addition, we proposed a new evaluation metric for radiology image reporting with the assistance of the same composed graph. Experimental results demonstrate the superior performance of the methods integrated with the proposed graph embedding module on a publicly accessible dataset (IU-RR) of chest radiographs compared with previous approaches using both the conventional evaluation metrics commonly adopted for image captioning and our proposed ones.
GTNet: Generative Transfer Network for Zero-Shot Object Detection
Authors: Zhao Shizhen , Gao Changxin , Shao Yuanjie , Li Lerenhan , Yu Changqian , Ji Zhong , Sang Nong
Published: June 2020

We propose a Generative Transfer Network (GTNet) for zero-shot object detection (ZSD). GTNet consists of an Object Detection Module and a Knowledge Transfer Module. The Object Detection Module can learn large-scale seen domain knowledge. The Knowledge Transfer Module leverages a feature synthesizer to generate unseen class features, which are applied to train a new classification layer for the Object Detection Module. In order to synthesize features for each unseen class with both the intra-class variance and the IoU variance, we design an IoU-Aware Generative Adversarial Network (IoUGAN) as the feature synthesizer, which can be easily integrated into GTNet. Specifically, IoUGAN consists of three unit models: Class Feature Generating Unit (CFU), Foreground Feature Generating Unit (FFU), and Background Feature Generating Unit (BFU). CFU generates unseen features with the intra-class variance conditioned on the class semantic embeddings. FFU and BFU add the IoU variance to the results of CFU, yielding class-specific foreground and background features, respectively. We evaluate our method on three public datasets and the results demonstrate that our method performs favorably against the state-of-the-art ZSD approaches.
MemCap: Memorizing Style Knowledge for Image Captioning
Authors: Zhao Wentian , Wu Xinxiao , Zhang Xiaoxun
Published: June 2020

Generating stylized captions for images is a challenging task since it requires not only describing the content of the image accurately but also expressing the desired linguistic style appropriately. In this paper, we propose MemCap, a novel stylized image captioning method that explicitly encodes the knowledge about linguistic styles with memory mechanism. Rather than relying heavily on a language model to capture style factors in existing methods, our method resorts to memorizing stylized elements learned from training corpus. Particularly, we design a memory module that comprises a set of embedding vectors for encoding style-related phrases in training corpus. To acquire the style-related phrases, we develop a sentence decomposing algorithm that splits a stylized sentence into a style-related part that reflects the linguistic style and a content-related part that contains the visual content. When generating captions, our MemCap first extracts content-relevant style knowledge from the memory module via an attention mechanism and then incorporates the extracted knowledge into a language model. Extensive experiments on two stylized image captioning datasets (SentiCap and FlickrStyle10K) demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.
Unified Vision-Language Pre-Training for Image Captioning and VQA
Authors: Zhou Luowei , Palangi Hamid , Zhang Lei , Hu Houdong , Corso Jason , Gao Jianfeng
Published: June 2020

This paper presents a unified Vision-Language Pre-training (VLP) model. The model is unified in that (1) it can be fine-tuned for either vision-language generation (e.g., image captioning) or understanding (e.g., visual question answering) tasks, and (2) it uses a shared multi-layer transformer network for both encoding and decoding, which differs from many existing methods where the encoder and decoder are implemented using separate models. The unified VLP model is pre-trained on a large amount of image-text pairs using the unsupervised learning objectives of two tasks: bidirectional and sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq) masked vision-language prediction. The two tasks differ solely in what context the prediction conditions on. This is controlled by utilizing specific self-attention masks for the shared transformer network. To the best of our knowledge, VLP is the first reported model that achieves state-of-the-art results on both vision-language generation and understanding tasks, as disparate as image captioning and visual question answering, across three challenging benchmark datasets: COCO Captions, Flickr30k Captions, and VQA 2.0. The code and the pre-trained models are available at https://github.com/LuoweiZhou/VLP.
Motion-Attentive Transition for Zero-Shot Video Object Segmentation
Authors: Zhou Tianfei , Wang Shunzhou , Zhou Yi , Yao Yazhou , Li Jianwu , Shao Ling
Published: June 2020

In this paper, we present a novel Motion-Attentive Transition Network (MATNet) for zero-shot video object segmentation, which provides a new way of leveraging motion information to reinforce spatio-temporal object representation. An asymmetric attention block, called Motion-Attentive Transition (MAT), is designed within a two-stream encoder, which transforms appearance features into motion-attentive representations at each convolutional stage. In this way, the encoder becomes deeply interleaved, allowing for closely hierarchical interactions between object motion and appearance. This is superior to the typical two-stream architecture, which treats motion and appearance separately in each stream and often suffers from overfitting to appearance information. Additionally, a bridge network is proposed to obtain a compact, discriminative and scale-sensitive representation for multi-level encoder features, which is further fed into a decoder to achieve segmentation results. Extensive experiments on three challenging public benchmarks (i.e., DAVIS-16, FBMS and Youtube-Objects) show that our model achieves compelling performance against the state-of-the-arts. Code is available at: https://github.com/tfzhou/MATNet.
Multi-Type Self-Attention Guided Degraded Saliency Detection
Authors: Zhou Ziqi , Wang Zheng , Lu Huchuan , Wang Song , Sun Meijun
Published: June 2020

Existing saliency detection techniques are sensitive to image quality and perform poorly on degraded images. In this paper, we systematically analyze the current status of the research on detecting salient objects from degraded images and then propose a new multi-type self-attention network, namely MSANet, for degraded saliency detection. The main contributions include: 1) Applying attention transfer learning to promote semantic detail perception and internal feature mining of the target network on degraded images; 2) Developing a multi-type self-attention mechanism to achieve the weight recalculation of multi-scale features. By computing global and local attention scores, we obtain the weighted features of different scales, effectively suppress the interference of noise and redundant information, and achieve a more complete boundary extraction. The proposed MSANet converts low-quality inputs to high-quality saliency maps directly in an end-to-end fashion. Experiments on seven widely-used datasets show that our approach produces good performance on both clear and degraded images.
Phase II Study of Low-Dose Afatinib Maintenance Treatment Among Patients with EGFR-Mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: North Japan Lung Cancer Study Group Trial 1601 (NJLCG1601)
Authors: Nakamura Atsushi , Tanaka Hisashi , Saito Ryota , Suzuki Aya , Harada Toshiyuki , Inoue Sumito , Yamada Toru , Nakagawa Taku , Jingu Daisuke , Sugawara Shunichi
Published: June 2020

Lessons Learned

Low-dose afatinib maintenance treatment among patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC achieved long-time to treatment failure with fewer treatment-related AEs without detracting from the therapeutic efficacy. This modified regimen represents a practical usage that balances effectiveness and safety.

Background

Although afatinib is an effective therapy for patients with EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), drug-related adverse events (AEs) have often necessitated dose reductions. In a post hoc analysis of the LUX-Lung 3 and 6 trials, there was no difference in median progression-free survival (PFS) between patients who had the dose of afatinib reduced and those who did not. We thus evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of low-dose afatinib maintenance treatment among patients with NSCLC harboring EGFR mutations who had not been previously treated.

Methods

Eligible patients received afatinib 40 mg orally once daily. When prescribed grade ≥ 2 AEs, rash of grade ≥ 3, or unacceptable toxicity occurred, the afatinib dose was reduced from 40 to 30 mg and if needed from 30 to 20 mg. The primary endpoint was the 1-year PFS rate. Secondary endpoints were PFS, overall response rate (ORR), and toxicity.

Results

Among 30 patients, 93% had adenocarcinoma, 53% had exon 19 deletion, 37% had L858R, and 10% had minor mutations. The 1-year PFS rate was 50% (95% confidence interval [CI], 31.3–66.1) and the median PFS was 11.8 months (95% CI, 7.1–21.4). The incidence rate of grade ≥ 3 toxicities was 57%, including elevated aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase level (13%), diarrhea (10%), and paronychia (10%).

Conclusion

Low-dose afatinib maintenance treatment reduced treatment-related AEs without detracting from the therapeutic efficacy.
Lecturer Professional Development Strategies in a Higher Education Institution in Ha Tinh Province at a Time of Educational Reforms
Authors: Tran Hai Ngoc , Phan Van Nhan , Doan Hoai Son , Tran Thi Ai Duc , Tran Giang Nam
Published: June 2020

Lecturer professional development (LPD) plays a significant role in enhancing student achievement and school improvement. It is a process which starts during lecturer training at tertiary education institutions and extends to include job-embedded and collaborative professional learning opportunities for lecturers at their institutions. Many strategies for lecturer professional development have been proposed in the literature on higher education. This qualitative case study investigation sought to identify various typical strategies employed to promote lecturer professional development at Ha Tinh University in Central Vietnam. Ten strategies were identified, some of which were university-based, while others were offered externally. These strategies are described within the context of significant reforms being implemented in the higher education sector in Vietnam.
Implementing the Adaptive Learning Techniques
Authors: Krechetov Ivan , Romanenko Vladimir
Published: June 2020

The concept of adaptive learning emerged a few decades ago, but most theoretical findings have never been put into practice, and software solutions had no significant reach for a long time due to insufficient e-learning technology development and coverage. The recent advancements of information technology allow the elaboration of complex big data analytics and artificial intelligence solutions, in adaptive learning in particular. This article investigates exploitation of adaptive learning technology and techniques.The solutions proposed allow mapping optimal individualized learning paths for students in online courses, using the ratio of the level of knowledge at course completion to time spent on the course as an optimality criterion. A genetic algorithm is used to solve this optimization problem. A model based on the speed of forgetting was applied to extrapolate the level of retained knowledge. Practical implementation of the technology proposed involves a set of tools to expand the adaptive learning opportunities of distance learning systems and a module to operate the genetic algorithm. We developed a few options of software architecture using different technologies and programming languages and either one or two servers. The solution was tested during the design of adaptive learning courses for National University of Science and Technology MISIS (NUST MISIS) and Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics (TUSUR).
Philosophy of Liberal Education: The Contexts
Authors: Kurennoy Vitaly
Published: June 2020

The first article devoted to philosophy of liberal education (Voprosy obrazovaniya / Educational Studies Moscow no 1, 2020) laid out systematically the principles of that philosophy, such as (1) lifelong learning, (2) academic freedom, (3) importance of practice and experience, (4) critical thinking and civil competency, (5) competency development instead of knowledge accumulation, (6) priority of general education over specialized education, (7) the concept of learning to learn, (8) self-directed learning effort, (9) political neutrality, and (10) interaction and Socratic dialogue. In this second part of the article, the liberal model of education is contextualized under two main perspectives, historical and socio-theoretical. The historical perspective is used to discuss the ancient origins of the liberal model, German classical philosophy as a direct origin of its principles, and the trajectories of liberal education discourse elements penetrating Russia’s educational and cultural policy. The socio-theoretical perspective is applied to the context in which the liberal model was conceived (the nascent stage of modernity), the social conditions that led to its crisis (stabilized industrial societies of the modern age), and its relevance in the era of late modernity.
Higher Order Thinking in the Content Knowledge of History Lesson in Malaysia
Authors: Dahalan Shakila Che , Ahmad Abdul Razak , Seman Ahmad Ali
Published: June 2020

This study investigating student’s achievement on the higher order thinking content knowledge in history lesson. A total of 200 upper secondary school students were given 40 objectives questions on higher order thinking content knowledge. The higher order thinking content knowledge was analysis using SPSS 24.0. The results showed that student’s application (f=54.8, %=75.1), analysis (f=40.8, %=55.9) and evaluation (f=40.2, %=55.0). The findings indicate that student’s achievement on the higher order thinking content knowledge (application, analysis and evaluation) in medium level. Therefore, the findings highlight the important of teacher in improving their pedagogy of teaching and  change their focusing to higher order thinking in history education.
Cultural Foundations and Mythological Nature of Human Rights
Authors: Tolstykh Vladislav
Published: June 2020

The author claims that the concept of human rights arose on European soil as a result ofcertain cultural, political, and economic factors. Its primary base is formed by Christianideas, secularized with the dissolution of feudalism and the spread of capitalism. Inparticular, this concept synthesized the Christian ideas of God’s likeness of man and theomnipresence of God: being god-like, man, like God, may be present in all things, thoughnot in all at once. The main beneficiary was the bourgeoisie, who used personal rights todestroy feudal institutions, political rights to establish control over the state, and economicand social rights to mitigate class contradictions and distract their opponents. The religiousorigin of rights is the key to understanding their important features such as the absence oflogical basis for human rights; helplessness of the law in front of acts that undermine thefoundations of order and are marked as acts of self-realization; extraordinary diversity ofrights, etc. There are several directions of human rights criticism (conservative, moderateliberal, Marxist and Christian). All of them assume that human rights neither adequatelyreflect human nature, nor take into account some of its aspects. Indeed, man is not only anindividual seeking to choose, but also a member of a collective who needs a recognition(conservatism); a being alienated from labor and racial life (Marxism); a believer seekingto avoid sin (early Christianity) and obedient to divine will (Islam); a being who suffersfrom constant suffering and seeks to be saved from it (Buddhism); a victim of civilization,oppressed by the flow of information and the need for constant choice This inadequacyentails a destructive effect: the concept of rights creates a monochrome picture, on which,the human existence is reduced to act of will; gives rise to logical contradictions; destroysreality, monopolizing the axiological basis of cooperation; is used as a tool of submission and domination; creates an absolute justa causa; alienates from existence and formsthe basis for other levels of the mythological structure. The history of human rights is notcomplete: It seems that today humanity is on the eve of fundamental transformations,whose content and final result are difficult to predict.
Recent Development of the Russian Judiciary System
Authors: Alekseevskaya Ekaterina
Published: June 2020

In 2020, the current federal targeted program for the development of the judicial system will expire. It is therefore necessary to sum up preliminary results and consider the activities of the next set of programs for the judicial sector. For the past 18 years, the Russian government has not made public the results of these programs, or discussed findings with the legal community. These programs are developed behind closed doors without any consideration given to the academic community, to public opinion or to the concept of sustainable development: the rule of law and access to court. This academic article aims at identifying ongoing issues in the Russian judicial system and legal proceedings by defining and understanding the term “Development” and to provide a comparison and analysis of the Russian Federation federal targeted programs as well as the concept of sustainable development: the principles of strategic planning and the concept of a unified standard for the provision of public services by the government. An analysis of Russian legislation, and specifically legislation related to the Russian judicial system, leads to the conclusion that there lacks a true understanding of the term “Development,” and therefore the government can refer to nearly anything as being “development,” when in reality it is not. Due to this lack of recognition of the problems within the Russian judiciary system, these issues will likely not be addressed in the next federal target program for the development of the judicial system. With this in mind, the author attempts to recommend several proposals which may be helpful in the creation of the new program for the development of the judicial system which will be in effect until 2030.
Combat Between John Chalons And Luis De Bueil In Tour 1446: Joust À Outrance In Texts And Visual Sources
Authors:   Uzhhorod National University, Hutsul Volodymyr
Published: June 2020

This paper is focused on the joust between English squire John Chalons and French écuyer Louis de Bueil, that was held in 1446 in Tours, France, in the King Charles VII of France and his courtiers presence. The mounted combatants fought with full armour on using couched lances. The article also covers the connection issue of this chivalric encounters type with warfare and military practices of that time, their effectiveness in then military training and interpretations of 15th century tournaments and pas d’armes in the 20th -early 21 century historiography. Available existing sources for this event suggest that the fighters with premeditation used lethal combat techniques during the collision, that resulted in Louis de Bueil death. However, Jean de Bueil, the older brother of the deceased, soldier, courtier and writer, expresses his highly hostile attitude towards chivalric practices of this kind in his autobiographical work "Le Jouvencel", which in the long run led to a false interpretation of the Late Middle Ages pas d’armes as an escapist and anachronic manifestation of the Late Middle Ages elites culture, spread by renowned Dutch scholar Johann Huizinga and his epigones. The article has its emphasis on participants’ arms and armour, as well as their impact on the course and result of a joust. The paper presents the analysis of the narrative program of eight mid. 15th century colored handwritten miniatures, conveing the stages and course of the duel. Visual narration is created with profound knowledge of the knight weapon and equipment features, as well as an accurate understanding of the equestrian encounters course and logic. Depicted by unknown artist plate armor on the combating fighters has direct historical analogies among the preserved survived artifacts of knights weapons. This miniatures series may be considered as a ‘documentary military art’ prominent example for its time.
Human Capital and the Case for Undergraduate Social Work Education
Authors: Weeden Mary R. , Siegel Frederick W.
Published: June 2020

Higher education, from an economic perspective, functions as an investment in human capital. It requires time, effort, and money by the student as an investment with the resulting benefits of acquiring skills, knowledge, and values that promise a stream of future tangible and intangible benefits by earning a living in a chosen field or profession. Education viewed through this lens assists educators to articulate the case for their academic programs to stakeholders, including prospective students and their parents, university administrators, government regulators, benefactors, alumni, and the general public. This perspective has previously not been discussed in the social work education literature and provides new insights into several issues affecting social work education. These include the cost of higher education, the multidimensional benefits of education for the student and society at large, the role of the Council on Social Work Education, and the current challenges to the profession.