bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variabilidade na composição química de vermicompostos comerciais
Authors: Valente Beatriz Simões , Xavier Eduardo Gonçalves , Pereira Heron Da Silva , Andreazza Robson , Conill Mário Gomes
Published: February 2019

O aumento do consumo de alimentos mais saudáveis tem impulsionado o mercado de fertilizantes orgânicos. Aspectos relacionados á investigação sobre sua qualidade agronômica é importante a fim de garantir a saúde pública e também a preservação ambiental. Objetivou-se avaliar a variabilidade da composição química de vermicompostos comerciais. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos, representados pelas amostras V1 (vermicomposto comercial S), V2 (vermicomposto comercial SS), V3 (vermicomposto comercial B), V4 (vermicomposto comercial V) e V5 (vermicomposto comercial A), cada um com três repetições. As análises de pH, matéria orgânica total, cinzas, carbono orgânico total, nitrogênio total, relação carbono/nitrogênio e do índice de mineralização do vermicomposto foram realizadas em triplicata. Os resultados demonstraram que os vermicompostos comercializados apresentam uma grande variabilidade na sua composição química e não atendem a legislação brasileira de fertilizantes orgânicos do Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, quanto ao teor de matéria orgânica total e relação carbono/nitrogênio. A ausência de informações sobre a composição físico-química na embalagem é um fomentador da aplicação empírica de vermicompostos em cultivos e deve ser evitada.
Substratos e teor de umidade para o teste de germinação de sementes de Apuleia leiocarpa (Vog.) Macbr.
Authors: Padilha Matheus Santin , Sobral Lúcia Salengue , Abreu Lucilene De , Baretta Carolina Riviera Duarte Maluche
Published: February 2019

O substrato e a quantidade de água utilizada são fatores determinantes para a condução do teste de germinação, afetando o crescimento do embrião e a formação da plântula. Com este trabalho objetivou-se identificar o tipo de substrato e o teor de umidade mais adequado para a realização do teste de germinação de sementes de Apuleia leiocarpa. Os tratamentos consistiram nos substratos: papel toalha (RP) e mata-borrão (SP), umedecidos com volumes de água equivalentes a 2,0; 2,5 e 3,0 vezes a massa do papel seco; areia (SA) e vermiculita (SV) umedecidos com quantidade de água correspondente a 50, 60 e 70% da sua capacidade de campo. Os testes foram conduzidos em germinador na temperatura constante de 25°C. As variáveis avaliadas foram plântulas normais, plântulas anormais, primeira contagem de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação, tempo médio de germinação e frequência relativa de germinação. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com três repetições de 50 sementes cada. A germinação das sementes não foi influenciada pelos volumes de água utilizados para umedecimento. Apenas os substratos apresentaram diferenças, sendo que o substrato papel toalha mostra-se adequado para o teste de germinação de sementes de Apuleia leiocarpa enquanto, o papel mata borrão não é recomendado para o teste de germinação desta espécie.
Pós-colheita de Annona squamosa L. recobertas com filme PVC
Authors: Reges Bianca Mara , Batista Elisabeth Mariano , Almeida Érica Jamily do Nascimento , Lemos Lúcia Mara dos Reis , Silva Edilene Ferreira da , Souza Pahlevi Augusto de
Published: February 2019

Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar a qualidade pós-colheita de ata submetida ao atraso na retirada do filme de PVC. Os frutos foram colhidos no estádio de maturidade fisiológica; em seguida, selecionados e sanitizados. Parte deles foi envolvida individualmente com filme de PVC comercial e acomodada em bandeja de isopor e os demais foram mantidos sem filme, representando o controle. Os tratamentos aplicados foram: (Controle) sem filme de PVC, (T1) embalados individualmente com filme de PVC sendo retirados com 2 dias de armazenamento, (T2) Filme de PVC sendo retirado com 4 dias de armazenamento e (T3) Filme de PVC sendo retirado com 6 dias de armazenamento. As análises físicas e físico-químicas foram realizadas a cada 2 dias de armazenamento. As características analisadas foram perda de massa fresca (%), firmeza da polpa (N), aparência externa, índice de rachadura, acidez titulável (mg.100L-1), pH, sólidos solúveis (ºBrix) e ratio (SS/AT). A utilização de filme de PVC retardou a perda de massa das atas e diminuiu os teores de acidez titulável, além de ter contribuído para melhor aparência externa. Os tratamentos T2 e T3 mantiveram a firmeza mais elevada até o 6º dia, quando comparados aos demais tratamentos. O aparecimento de rachaduras foi menor no controle. O filme de PVC atrasou o amadurecimento dos frutos, mas não diminuiu a qualidade das atas ao final do armazenamento. O filme de PVC retirado com 6 dias proporcionou uma vida útil pós-colheita de 6 dias, pois apesar de conter rachaduras, estava apto para o consumo.
ANALYSING THE USE AND DESIGN OF GEOMORPHOLOGY MULTIMEDIAIN GEOGRAPHY EDUCATION DEPARTMENTIN IN UNIVERSITIES OF ACEH PROVINCE
Authors: . Hasmunir
Published: February 2019

Purpose of the study:The objective of the study was to analysethe use of multimedia by lectures at Geography Education Department in Aceh.

Methodology:The subject of this study was a lecturer teaching geomorphology, while the object was the use of multimedia and its design. Data collection was carried out through qualitative and quantitative approaches using multimedia documentation and geomorphological multimedia designs. Data processing is done by analysing multimedia usage and design in learning geomorphology.

Main Findings:The results of the analysis show that geomorphological learning multimedia is used in the form of dictates, power points, and the internet which presents one unit of landform. There are no integrated multimedia and multimedia results from their own. Field practice equipment is available in the form of plywood, fabric meter, bow, loop, GPS, and hammer.

Applications of this study:This study provide information tolecturers at Geography Education Department in Aceh in teaching.

Novelty:Few lectures are interested in incorporating multimedia in their teaching even though it is the best media for learning geomorphology.
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING TRADITIONAL FISHERMEN IN MAINTAINING THE RESILIENCE OF MARINE AREAS IN THE CONTEXT OF INDONESIAN STATE DEFENSE
Authors: . Sabihaini , Hendrianto Pratomo Awang , Rustamaji Heru Cahya , . Sudaryatie
Published: February 2019

Purpose of the study: The purpose of this study is to empirically examine the factors that influence traditional fishermen in maintaining the resilience of marine areas in order to defend the country and examine the model of causality relationships that are formed as well as the influence of causality between these variables.

Methodology: The study was conducted in the Depok coastal area, Bantul - Yogyakarta with traditional fishermen as the respondents who are members of the Mina Bahari Fishermen Cooperative. Hypothesis testing was based on Partial Least Square.

Main Findings: This study found: (1) 15 reflexive indicator statements form 7 latent variables that directly to construct a hypothesis; (2) a state defence model is formed; (3) hypothesis testing model shows that the seven proposed hypotheses are accepted, namely: a) Knowledge of environmental security has a positive influence on attitudes towards environmental security; b) Attitudes towards environmental security and environmental influences have a negative influence on actions against security disturbances; c) Understanding the environment has a positive influence on environmental awareness; d) Environmental awareness, environmental influences, and actions against security disturbances have a positive influence on participation in the environment.

Applications of this study: This study helps inform the stakeholders establish coastal resilience program by incorporating the fishermen in the coastal areas.

Novelty: Few studies paid attention toward traditional fishermen to keep marine resilience in Indonesia.
RUMO AO JUDICIÁRIO: breves considerações psicanalíticas e históricas sobre a servidão ao Direito e ao Poder Judiciário
Authors: Moura João Carlos da Cunha , Sousa Mônica Teresa Costa
Published: February 2019

Análise do discurso jurídico, seus mecanismos de saber-poder e de como se determina essa emissão de discursos no sentido de submeter os sujeitos às instâncias da Regra e da Lei e, por fim, do Direito e do Poder Judiciário. Para tanto, o aspecto metodológico e o marco teórico se baseiam na dialéticae na psicanálise, considerando o desejo dos indivíduos de atravessar as instituições e por estas serem atravessados, num jogo cíclico de legitimação de condutas.Palavras-chave: Regra. Lei. Direito. Poder Judiciário. TOWARDS JUDICIARY: brief psychoanalyst and historicalconsiderations about voluntary subjection to the Law and Judiciary.Abstract: This paper aboard the theme of juridical discourse, its mechanisms of know-power and how it is determinate this emission of discourses in a way to submit subjects to the instances of the Rule and the Commandment, and then, the Law and Judiciary Power. For this, the methodological and the premise are based upon the dialectics and psychoanalysis, considering the desire of individuals in crossing the institutionsand be crossed by the institutions, in a cyclical game in order to legitimate its behaviors.Keywords: Rule. Commandment. Lew. Judiciary. HACIA EL PODER JUDICIAL: breves consideraciones históricasy psicoanalíticas del servilismo a la ley y a la judicaturaResumen: El texto aquí presentado trata el tema del discurso jurídico, sus mecanismos de poder y conocimientostécnicos para determinar el tema del discurso con el fin de someter el asunto a las instancias de la Regla y de la Ley y, por último, la Ley y el Poder Judicial. Por tanto, el aspecto teórico y metodológico basado en dialéctica y el psicoanálisis, teniendo en cuenta el deseo de las personas a cruzar las institucionesy de ser cruzados por éstas, en un juego de legitimación del comportamiento cíclico.Palabras clave: Regla. Estado de Derecho. Ley. Poder Judicial.
Training and Employability: What are the LSPs looking for and what can the graduates offer?
Authors: Carmen Valero Garces
Published: February 2019

Training and employability are two terms that frequently appear in the speeches in those in charge of designing educational policies as well as in reports of economics or market trends. Training is necessary for integration into the job market. The aim of this article is to provide data extracted from several studies on university–language service providers (LSPs) relations in the European Union (EU) for the period 2010–2017. The EU Directorate-General for Translation through the European Master’s in Translation network (EMT network) and European Union of Associations of Translation Companies developed those studies. The first and last studies focused on LSPs’ companies while the second offers information on graduates and their training. The results obtained can be summed up as follows: what are employers looking for and what can the graduates offer? and indicate that translator education and training is a shared responsibility of universities and LSP in a highly competitive market. Keywords: Optimale, European master’s in translation (EMT) network, training, labour market, language service providers(LSPs), translation.
Effect of environmental education program integrated into preschool education on children’s mental model development about “environment” concept
Authors: Ahi Berat , Alisinanoglu Fatma
Published: February 2019

Aim of this study is to determine the effect of environmental education program integrated into preschool education aged between 48-66 months on children’s mental model development about “environment” concept. Triangular mixed design was used in this research. Quantitative dimension of the study was carried out with quasi-experimental design with control group and qualitative dimension of the study was carried out with using phenomenological method based on social constructivist philosophy. Study group of the research consisted of 52 children from experimental and control groups. Statistically significant difference was observed in the scores of children in the experimental and control groups from DAET-R (U= 44, z= -5.44, p= .000, r= .75). Mental model development about environment of the majority of the children from the experimental group reached to an expected level. However, no development was obtained in the mental model development of the children in the control group. Results also showed that 80.8% of the children from experimental group defined environment as a place which people, animals and plants live together and the amount of the children from control group who defined environment similar to this level is 26.9%. In addition, there was no significant difference in the total pre-test and post-test DAET-R scores of children from the control group (z= -1.401, p > .05) and significant difference was observed in the pre-test and post-test DAET-R scores of children in the experimental group in support of post-test results (z= -4.126, p < .05).
Keywords: Environment; Mental Model; Child; Pre-school Educatio; Environmental Education
Service And The Millennial Business Student: The Motivating Influence Of An E-Book Class Project
Authors: Arnold William W.
Published: February 2019

A commitment to voluntary service that benefits others was reinforced for students who authored an e-book on service as a class project in a senior business course. The immersive experience of writing short essays that focused on service shifted students’ motivations toward service and solidified their intentions to continue with service after graduation. The article reviews millennials’ characteristics and their activities related to volunteering services. The concerns of generations covering the past 100 years illustrate the shift from physical hardship and a rudimentary standard of living in earlier times toward present-day issues of millennials, namely economic security, technology change, globalization and meaningfulness in life and careers. A 4-stage model shows how student engagement in creating the e-book influenced commitment to service. The stages include (a) salience (being tasked with the assignment), (b) reflection (thinking about service), (c) internalization (deciding about service in their own lives), (d) commitment-action (resolve to actively integrate service into future life). Examination of millennials’ values and work styles indicated the e-book as a class project matched their preferences. Each of 5 teams was tasked to complete deliverables, which the students produced operating under a “leaderless classroom” structure. Corporations that encourage employees to offer pro bono services have recognized benefits to their employees, reinforcing the need for business education programs to include service-related experiences.
How To Record Journal Entries Correctly For Bonds Issued At A Discount Or A Premium? Hint: Follow The Money
Authors: Joyner Donald T.
Published: February 2019

A factor that complicates the posting of the journal entries related to the issue of bonds is that the amount of money received by the issuing company may be different from the face value of the bond. If the bond stated rate is higher than the market interest rate at the time of issue of the bond, the company can sell the bond at a premium; on the other hand, if the stated rate is lower than the market interest rate, the company will be forced to sell the bond at a discount.  Another complicating factor is that the issuing company has to make interest payments at regular time intervals throughout the life of the bond and a final payment on the date of the maturity of the bond. Many students of Accounting, especially at the undergraduate level, find the journal entries related to the treatment of bond discounts and premiums very confusing, since they are spread over many years, spanning the entire life of the bond, unlike the numerous other journal entries covering the annual operating activities of the company. In this paper, some hints and guidelines are provided with the goal of helping the studentsrecord the journal entries correctly when bonds are sold at a discount or a premium.
An Exploratory Study Of The Determinants Of Tuition For Online MBA Programs
Authors: Estelami Hooman , Mao Zixin
Published: February 2019

The number of online MBA programs has increased in recent years while the demand is stabilizing. In light of this trend, the pricing of online MBA programs is an important issue for university administrators and policy makers, who are concerned about program competitiveness and public access to higher education. This study examines the drivers of tuition levels for online MBA programs. Utilizing data from 149 programs in the United States, the influence of various variables on tuition levels is empirically established. The findings indicate that residency and GMAT requirements, as well as enrollment size and student-to-faculty ratio, are important determinants of tuition for online MBA programs. The empirical framework presented in this paper allows university administrators to establish if the tuitions charged for their programs are consistent with market norms, and thereby determine the potential need for adjustment in tuition levels.
Perceptions About Ethical Behavior Among Undergraduate Students Attending Religiously-Affiliated Institutions
Authors: Vandenberg Amy , Haen Jason J. , Molnar Kathleen K. , De Berry Thomas W. , Cotter Joe W.
Published: February 2019

By controlling for size and existence of a religious affiliation and gender, this study adds to the literature regarding opinions of undergraduate business students about the ethical nature of both academic and business related actions. Analysis of student survey data from two institutions similar in these characteristics continues in this longitudinal study. After the data were separated by gender, ethical perceptions of male students significantly differed for business-related dishonest acts for those male students who had taken two or more courses in religion, but church service attendance did not seem to have any effect. This may suggest that taking more courses (or having more dialogs) in which moral issues beyond academics are discussed may affect male student perceptions of ethical issues outside the institution.
Uma Abordagem da Administração Pública Brasileira e do Estado Administrativo Norte-Americano, sob uma Teoria de Enfraquecimento do Poder da Lei nos EUA: a Agência Nacional de Saúde Suplementar (ANS) Brasileira, Deferência e Legalidade
Authors: Bonizzato Luigi , Bonizzato Alice Ribas Dias
Published: February 2019

Este Artigo jurídico inicia-se com a abordagem do princípio da legalidade, suas relações e desdobramentos vinculados à figura das Agências Reguladoras, com o exame de fundo da Administração Pública contemporânea brasileira, consolidada a partir de meados da última década, do século XX. Em seguida e, a partir de referenciais teóricos, quais sejam, estudo específico de Adrian Vermeule e demais Autores, sobre o Estado Administrativo norte-americano e a Administração Pública no Brasil, o Artigo valeu-se da utilização de método dedutivo qualitativo, alicerçado em teorias modernas e contemporâneas, assim como em decisões jurisprudenciais brasileiras, para que se pudesse proceder a um exame específico e conclusivo do papel dos Poderes Legislativo, Judiciário e, no âmbito Executivo, da Agência Nacional de Saúde Suplementar (ANS) nacional, a partir da qual são embasados os exemplos utilizados para fixação e demonstração da ideia de menor ou maior deferência, no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos da América, à tecnicidade administrativa.
Bem Jurídico no Direito Penal Econômico: uma Abordagem Criminológico-Crítica
Authors: Ramidoff Mário Luiz , Ramidoff Luísa Munhoz Bürgel
Published: February 2019

Neste trabalho, desenvolveu-se estudos e pesquisas acerca do bem jurídico-penal no direito penal econômico, a partir de uma abordagem criminológico-crítica, diante mesmo do novo instituto jurídico-legal denominado de compliance, então, contemplado por legislações recentemente promulgadas. O bem jurídico, enquanto categoria elementar ao Direito Penal – aqui, de viés econômico –, tem importância não só na vinculação do órgão julgador quando se destina à responsabilização criminal do agente a quem se atribui a prática de um delito, mas, também, ao legislador no momento em que formula as regras jurídicas que definem crimes e suas respectivas sanções. Por isso mesmo, adotou-se o bem jurídico como objeto central nessa linha de estudos e pesquisas relativamente ao Direito Penal Econômico, com o intuito de que fosse possível verificar a sua importância na (de)limitação da intervenção estatal, de cunho repressivo-punitivo. Não fosse isto, e para que não se restringisse a uma perspectiva meramente dogmática (jurídico-penal), ampliou-se metodologicamente a análise dessa categoria jurídica através das importantes contribuições multidisciplinares, então, oferecidas pelos estudos e pesquisas criminológicas, de viés crítico. No mais, destacou-se também a importância do novo instituto denominado “compliance”, para a adequação da atividade empresarial à função social da empresa, bem como forma de prevenção da prática de condutas delituosas. Pois, através de um programa de integridade é possível vincular o desenvolvimento de atividades técnico-profissionais com o cumprimento fiel das leis e de regras internas da empresa, segundo a política econômica de transparência, integridade e de ética empresarial com responsabilidade social. A metodologia é basicamente bibliográfica, através do levantamento de material teórico-pragmático, tendo-se em conta o viés dedutivo que é tão próprio ao conhecimento jurídico-legal, aqui, modulado, pelas importantes contribuições multidisciplinares.
Extrafiscalidade dos Impostos e Princípio do Não Confisco no Brasil
Authors: Berti Flávio de Azambuja
Published: February 2019

O artigo pretende analisar as questões decorrentes da utilização extrafiscal dos impostos no Brasil e as consequências resultantes disto diante do direito constitucional da propriedade e do princípio do não confisco, os quais deve ser interpretado de modo sistemático conjuntamente com outras normas constitucionais. O objetivo é identificar as possibilidades de utilização extrafiscal dos impostos como instrumentos de política de desenvolvimento econômico e social.
Microcefalia: Retrato (In)Eficiente do Sistema de Proteção Social Brasileiro
Authors: Silva Roberta Soares da , Andrade Carla Benedetti de O.
Published: February 2019

O sistema de Seguridade Social tem por objetivo garantir proteção social na ocorrência de situações de carência, havendo uma responsabilização de todos os indivíduos pelas necessidades vitais básicas de outros, para que todos possam gozar de uma vida digna, a fim de que se realize o bem comum e a justiça social. Tal sistema de proteção social se mostra ineficiente quando da proliferação do zika vírus no início de 2015, no nordeste brasileiro, e que corroborou para a existência de microcefalia, devido, no caso, à ausência de políticas públicas de controle, fiscalização e saneamento básico e que pudessem conter a propagação do mosquito Aedes Aegypti, transmissor do vírus. Observa-se, assim, a carência de um sistema de proteção, albergado na Seguridade Social, que fosse efetivo para a preservação da dignidade humana, sendo o contexto apresentado de flagrante risco social. Diante disso, no âmbito da assistência social, foi editada a Lei 13.301/2016, a fim de assistir às famílias de baixa renda, com portadores de microcefalia, com a concessão de um benefício de prestação continuada. A assistência social visa garantir ao homem o mínimo de subsistência quando em estado de necessidade, todavia, deve o Estado também, em um contexto de proteção social, não somente remediar problemas, mas fornecer planos de ação que respeitem o princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana, bem como os direitos fundamentais.
Planejamento de Longo Prazo e a Justiça Intergeracional
Authors: Nogueira Jozélia , Conti José Maurício
Published: February 2019

O objetivo do presente estudo é analisar o planejamento das políticas públicas de longo, médio e curto prazo. A análise será empreendida pela forma e pelo tempo como o planejamento é realizado, na esfera administrativa, legislativa e social. Será avaliada a eficiência ou ineficiência dos resultados pretendidos com o planejamento, especialmente quanto ao longo prazo. Serão analisados alguns casos pela avaliação dos resultados, ou pela omissão nessa avaliação pela Administração Pública. Para essa análise serão utilizados estudos de organismos nacionais e internacionais de controle ou de apoio institucional. Os resultados obtidos com a análise empreendida não são satisfatórios, porque os problemas identificados, em grande parte, não foram solucionados com o planejamento e a execução das políticas públicas. Também foi identificada omissão ou falhas no planejamento de longo prazo em várias áreas sociais importantes. Nesses casos, o planejamento de médio e curto prazo tem sido utilizado para suprir a omissão do Estado, igualmente sem sucesso, porque as medidas a serem tomadas demandam um período maior de tempo e investimentos continuados. As falhas no planejamento, na avaliação dos resultados e na alteração dos meios para sua execução, não gera eficiência nem eficácia das políticas públicas planejadas, afetando as futuras gerações. O princípio da responsabilidade e a exigência da justiça intergeracional exigem alterações no planejamento e na execução das políticas públicas no Brasil.
Outsiders e Desvio no Trânsito: por uma Política Pública Criminal?
Authors: Fontana Vanessa
Published: February 2019

O objetivo deste trabalho é o de apresentar e problematizar o comportamento dos brasileiros no trânsito abordando a etiologia (causas) dos crimes de trânsito no Brasil e a resposta do Congresso Nacional a esses crimes. Para apreensão dessa realidade é importante observar e analisar os crimes em abstrato e os casos concretos, e a partir desse quadro, compreender a reação do legislador brasileiro ao enorme número de mortos no trânsito, em torno, de 60 mil mortos por ano, e, aproximadamente, 400 mil sequelados definitivamente. O Congresso Nacional tem oferecido respostas criminalizadoras para essas condutas, logo cabe pesquisá-las e explicar esses mecanismos. A questão em evidência é: compreender o funcionamento das políticas públicas criminais em relação à punição das infrações e dos crimes cometidos nas vias públicas do Brasil e as transformações do CTB ao longo de seus 21 anos de existência. Um dos problemas que envolvem essa pesquisa consiste em compreender o que o legislativo e o judiciário, por meio de suas decisões têm oferecido como resposta para os dados que temos no trânsito brasileiro. A partir desse recorte epistemológico apresentaremos um retrato de como funciona a política criminal para o trânsito, explicando seus mecanismos. Essa abordagem será desenvolvida a partir de Howard Becker (2008), David Garland (2014) e Roberto Damatta (2010). A metodologia adotada foi a de pesquisa bibliográfica, observação participante acompanhando o tribunal do júri ocorrido entre os dias 26 e 27 de fevereiro de 2018, dados da câmara federal sobre as mudanças na legislação de trânsito e a repercussão na imprensa nacional, bem como, entrevistas estruturadas com os envolvidos no caso Yared e na legislação que altera o Código de Trânsito. O intuito a partir dessa abordagem é saber se pode-se falar do “desvio no trânsito” como uma cultura da infração tanto do ponto de vista de uma relação de reciprocidade entre a sociedade e o legislador, que busca criminalizar essas condutas com penas mais duras, entendendo que essas ações são uma resposta eficiente como política criminal assertiva para frear o número de mortos e sequelados no trânsito.
Tratamento Jurídico-Penal do “Contrabandista” de Medicamentos, o Paraguai e a Fronteira Oeste do Paraná
Authors: Esquivel Carla Liliane Waldow , Esquivel Héctor Luis Lovera , Leopoldino Candida Joelma
Published: February 2019

O grave problema do contrabando, especialmente realizado através da fronteira entre o Paraguai e os municípios localizados na região Oeste do Paraná, tem diversas repercussões, inclusive de natureza econômica-social. No entanto, a internalização no país de medicamentos controlados ou até mesmo proibidos reflete inevitavelmente na saúde da população, podendo gerar comprometimentos à integridade física e até mesmo à vida dos consumidores. A criminalização desse comportamento, pelo direito penal brasileiro, merece particular atenção, especialmente diante da possibilidade de adequar-se a diferentes comandos normativos. Desta feita, o presente estudo teve por escopo, além de destacar a seriedade do problema do contrabando de medicamentos a partir do Oeste do Paraná, sua repercussão na saúde pública nacional e as diferentes formas de responsabilidade penal a que o autor possa ser submetido, podendo ocorrer a subsunção ao descrito no art. 273, § 1º-B ou no 334-A, ambos do Código Penal, ou no art. 33 da Lei 11.340/2006. Para alcançar tais objetivos, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa e teórica (hipotético-dedutiva), com abordagem interdisciplinar, mas com ênfase na investigação jurídico-penal.
Las Empresas y la Protección de los Derechos Humanos en el Sistema del Consejo de Europa
Authors: Ushakova Tatsiana
Published: February 2019

El estudio tiene como objetivo el análisis de la posición de las empresas, y en especial las multinacionales, entre los sujetos y actores del Derecho internacional. Para describir dicha posición, se hace referencia a los cuatro elementos de la personalidad jurídica internacional, a saber, la legitimidad activa, la legitimidad pasiva, los privilegios e inmunidades en el plano internacional y la participación en el proceso de creación de las normas internacionales. Una atención particular se presta al estudio de la capacidad de las empresas para tener derechos y obligaciones y hacer valer estos derechos y responder por sus obligaciones en el sistema de protección de los derechos humanos del Consejo de Europa.
Emprendimiento y economía informal: caracterización empírica de la empresa española a partir de los datos del Global Entrepreneurship Monitor
Authors: Lafuente Ibáñez Carmen , López Domínguez Ignacio , Poza Lara Carlos
Published: February 2019

Rev.esc.adm.neg

El objetivo de este trabajo es describir y analizar el perfil de las empresas españolas que ejercen su actividad dentro de la economía informal, utilizando el método directo de la encuesta proveniente de la base de datos Global Entrepreneurship Monitor –GEM-. Para ello, se ha llevado a cabo una revisión del concepto y métodos de estimación de la economía informal, así como una comparativa internacional para contextualizar la situación española. Así mismo, se ha utilizado un modelo de regresión logística para identificar las características que explican los diferentes niveles de economía informal en España. Los resultados muestran que las empresas nacientes, constituidas por necesidad, creadas por emprendedores menores de 42 años y pertenecientes al sector servicios presentan una mayor probabilidad de operar en la economía informal. La región donde se constituye la empresa y el nivel de renta del emprendedor también influyen en los niveles de economía informal.
La metodología Lean startup: desarrollo y aplicación para el emprendimiento
Authors: Llamas Fernández Francisco Javier , Fernández Rodríguez Juan Carlos
Published: February 2019

Rev.esc.adm.neg

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo realizar una exposición sobre la aplicación de la metodología Lean startup y revisar los distintos puntos y acciones que comprende. Lean startup es una metodología con gran auge en el medio emprendedor y que posibilita implementar negocios evitando desperdiciar tiempo, recursos y esfuerzos inútiles. Propone como paso previo a la creación de una empresa, lanzar una startup, un experimento, que permita al emprendedor buscar un modelo de negocio rentable antes de crear una empresa. En la contabilidad de la metodología Lean startup el principal beneficio a conseguir es el aprendizaje validado. Un aprendizaje empírico que parte de unas hipótesis que se validan a través de un producto con las características mínimas para facilitar al emprendedor los datos necesarios que permitan descubrir el modelo de negocio viable y dar el salto a la empresa, minimizando el miedo al fracaso que impide a muchos emprendedores convertir sus ideas en negocios.
A Study of Gel-Based Conformance Control Within Fractured Carbonate Cores Using Low-Field Nuclear-Magnetic-Resonance Techniques
Authors: Alshehri Amar J. , Wang Jinxun , Kwak Hyung Tae , AlSofi Abdulkareem M. , Gao Jun
Published: February 2019

The extreme heterogeneity of carbonate in the form of fracture corridors and superpermeability zones challenges the efficient sweep of oil in both secondary- and tertiary-recovery operations. In such reservoirs, conformance control is crucial to ensure injected water and any enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) chemicals optimally contact the remaining oil with minimal throughput. Gel-based conformance control has been successfully applied on both sandstone and carbonate reservoirs. Achieving effective deep conformance control in high-temperature reservoirs, however, remains a challenge because of severe gel syneresis and significant reduction in gelation time. The first step to improve the performance of gel in these challenging environments is the accurate understanding of the gel-conformance-control mechanism inside reservoir rocks.

In this work, a laboratory study was conducted to evaluate a polyacrylamide/chromium gel system for application in a high-temperature/high-salinity carbonate reservoir. Oil-displacement experiments on carbonate-core samples, combined with nuclear-magnetic-resonance (NMR) measurements, were performed to demonstrate oil-recovery improvement using gel treatment and to illustrate the mechanisms of the improvement. In these tests, the gel solution was injected into specially prepared heterogeneous carbonate-composite-core samples, in which different configurations of high-permeability channels were created. Gel treatment was conducted after waterflooding and was followed by chase waterflooding.

Oil-recovery improvement by gel treatment was 18% of original oil in core (OOIC) in the composite core with high-permeability channels extending midway through the composite, whereas the improvement was 38% of OOIC in the composite core with channels extending all the way through the composite. Detailed spatial fluid variations inside the core samples before and after gel treatment were closely monitored using low-field NMR techniques. Heavy water (D2O) was used in place of water to enhance the contrast between oil and brine for NMR by eliminating the protons in the aqueous phase. NMR measurements indicated that the bypassed oil during waterflooding was effectively recovered after gel treatment.

Results in this study demonstrate the potential of the studied gel system and its favorable effect on the sweep-efficiency-improvement application in high-temperature/high-salinity carbonate reservoirs. The NMR study enhances our understanding of how gel helps improve the sweep efficiency of subsequent floods through blocking/reducing the permeability of highly conductive zones.
Evaluating Cement-Plug Mechanical and Hydraulic Integrity
Authors: Bois Axel-Pierre , Vu Manh-Huyen , Noël Kim , Badalamenti Anthony , Delabroy Laurent , Thérond Emmanuel , Hansen Knut
Published: February 2019

In past years, the industry has focused on ensuring that cement is efficiently placed in the wellbore and that it does not become mechanically damaged during the life of the well. However, few efforts have been made to determine how cement mechanical integrity (CMI) relates to cement hydraulic integrity (CHI) (i.e., evaluating the flow rate that could occur through the cement barrier), even though CHI is one of the main objectives of placing a cement plug in a wellbore.

The analysis of hydraulic integrity requires that a CMI model be used to compute the state of stress and pore pressure in the cement and to estimate which type of mechanical failure might occur during the life of the well. It also requires that a CHI model be integrated with the CMI model to estimate the rate of fluid that might flow through a cement barrier, should it mechanically fail. This provides the engineer with insight into the long-term integrity of a cement plug.

This paper describes the work conducted on CMI/CHI models for cement plugs, and it presents a sensitivity analysis that demonstrates the value of an integrated CMI/CHI model. The study indicates that (1) well geometry, cement properties, reservoir pressures, cement heat of hydration, and fluid properties are required inputs for proper analysis; (2) the changes of stresses and pore pressure over time need to be computed along the length of the cement plug, with sensitivity analysis to consider the existing uncertainties; (3) a cement plug might preserve its sealing capability, even if the CMI model shows the existence of a microannulus (e.g., when the fluid viscosity is very high); and (4) a cement plug might lose its sealing capacity, even if the CMI model shows no induced defect (e.g., when a microannulus is propagated as a hydraulic fracture).

These last two observations are important because they show that what a CMI model cannot predict, a CHI model can.
Ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum block for postoperative pain control in patients undergoing unilateral inguinal hernia repair, a comparative study between two approaches
Authors: Fawzy Maher , Nasr Mohamed AR. , Ahmed Abeer , Waheb Mohsen M. , Hussam Ayman M. , Fouad Eman , Aboeldahb Hesham , Saad Dalia , Osman Safinaz , Fahmy Rania Samir , Farid Mohamed
Published: February 2019

Background: early postoperative ambulation and reduction of hospital stay necessitate efficient postoperative analgesia. Quadrates Lumborum Block (QLB) has been described to provide adequate postoperative analgesia after abdominal surgery. This randomized comparative trial was designed to compare the duration of analgesia provided by two different QLB approaches; the posterior QLB (QLB-2) and transmuscular QLB (QLB-3) in patients undergoing surgical repair of unilateral inguinal hernia.
Methods: Forty patients, aged from 18-50 years, ASA physical status I or II, scheduled for unilateral inguinal hernia repair were enrolled. At the end of the surgical procedure and before recovery from general anesthesia, Patients were randomly assigned into two groups to receive either posterior QLB (Group QLB-2) or transmuscular QLB (Group QLB-3) using 20 ml 0.25% bupivacaine. Duration of analgesia, postoperative VAS and postoperative opioid consumption were recorded.
Results: duration of block was significantly longer in QLB-3 group when compared to QLB-2 group (20.1 + 6.2 hours versus 12.0 + 4.8 respectively) with P value of < 0.001. A statistically significant lower VAS score was recorded in QLB-3 group immediately and 12 hrs postoperative. QLB-3 group showed a statistically significant delayed time of first analgesic request and less postoperative morphine consumption with P value of < 0.001 and 0.001 respectively.
Conclusions: Ultrasound guided postsurgical transmuscular approach of QLB (QLB-3) using 20 ml 0.25% bupivacaine produces more postoperative analgesic effect and less postoperative opioid consumption when compared to posterior QLB approach (QLB-2) in patients underwent unilateral inguinal hernia repair under general anesthesia.
Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03526731- on 16 May 2018.
Keywords: Quadratus lumborum block - Ultrasound-guided transmuscular quadratus lumborum blockade - ultrasound-guided lumbar plexus technique – ultrasound guided transversus abdominus plan block.
Long-segment common carotid occlusion presenting with limb-shaking transient ischemic attack: a case report
Authors: Jiang Qingjun , Zou Sili , Qu Lefeng
Published: February 2019

Background: Limb-shaking transient ischemic attack (LS-TIA) is a rare manifestation of carotid artery occlusion.
Case presentation: A 67-year-old female suffered from transient episodes of unilateral limb shaking. CTA showed long-segment occlusion of the right common carotid artery. CTP demonstrated hypoperfusion of the corpus striatum, which suggests that hemodynamic failure is a potential mechanism underlying the LS-TIA secondary to common carotid artery occlusion.
Conclusion: The occlusion was successfully recanalized by retrograde common carotid endarterectomy, and the episodes of left limb shaking disappeared after surgery. Hypoperfusion of the corpus striatum might be a potential mechanism underlying the LS-TIA secondary to common carotid occlusion.
Keywords: Limb-shaking, TIA, common carotid occlusion, visual impairment, corpus striatum.
Marketing environment and marketing management of universities in Ukraine: national and regional dominants
Authors: Petrunia Yurii , Chentsov Victor , Życzyński Norbert , Petrunia Vira
Published: February 2019

The marketing environment of universities’ activities in Ukraine is changing dramatically. As a result, the system of chances and risks for universities is constantly changing. Therefore, timely detection of changes in the marketing environment and effective management ensure the competitiveness of the universities. The aim of the article is to identify the marketing environment dominants of the Ukrainian universities, as well as to assess the efficiency of marketing tools application in the system of universities’ management. On the basis of statistical and primary data analyses, the higher education market in Ukraine both at the state and regional levels has been assessed and the university’s dependence on market sources of funding has been substantiated. As the modern domains of the marketing environment of universities, changes in the distribution of state-funded places, the impact of external independent testing, and the intensification of competition between universities are determined. The influence of external independent testing on structural intersegmental changes concerning the choice of specialties of universities’ entrants is proved. The comparative characteristics of the marketing management tools in Ukrainian and Polish universities are considered. The obtained results outline the importance of strengthening the marketing orientation of management in universities.
Discretionary budget expenditure in the system of state regulation of the country’s socioeconomic development
Authors: Kuzheliev Mykhailo , Rekunenko Ihor , Nechyporenko Alina , Nemsadze Guram
Published: February 2019

The paper investigates discretionary budget expenditure and determines its role in the system of regulation of country’s socio-economic development. In a very difficult political and socio-economic situation, Ukraine faces an urgent need to finda balance between the amount of functions performed by the state and the level of their financial support. The analysis of the State Budget of Ukraine expenditure according to the functional classification in 2014–2017 has been carried out. In particular, the discretionary budget expenditures (on state functions, economic activity, defense budget expenditures, budget expenditure on public order, security and judiciary; environmental protection, housing and utilities) are carefully analyzed. The purpose of the article is to study trends in financing discretionary budget expenditure and determine their impact on the socio-economic development of a country. Discretionary budget expenditures are the study object. It is determined that socio-economic development of a country requires government to apply progressive forms, methods and principles of expenditure management between the budget system levels. This need is due to the objective necessity to achieve sustainable development of economy and population welfare. The main problems that reduce budget discretionary expenditure effectiveness in the current conditions are investigated and the main directions to improve their financing are offered. The obtained results indicate the need to revise the funding of discretionary budget expenditures depending on the state policy priorities.
Usage of Digital Learning Material in Special Education
Authors: KARADEMİR COŞKUN Tuğra , ALPER Ayfer
Published: February 2019

In this study, it is aimed to determine the opinions of special education teacher candidates regarding usage of digital learning materials in special education in their experience and reveal favorite digital learning materials platforms and reasons for preference. This study was designed with the phenomenological research method, and the participants of the research consisted of 49 freshman pre-service teachers of special education at a large university in the academic year of 2014-2015, Turkey. Research was continued for a total of 14 weeks: The first 6 weeks learning of digital learning material (DLM) tools, second 6 weeks learning augmented reality tool, 1 week developing materials and the last week interviewing with special education teacher candidates. Inductive content analysis was used in analyzing the data. Teacher candidates having their education at private institutions have stated that they wish to improve and use DLM. DLM is essential concerning increasing academic, social, self-care and communication skills. Additionally, teacher candidates have stated that DLMs support teachers with lower costs and time, student engagement, ease in preparation, fun and useful outcomes, and increase the variety and sources of materials. Participants have mentioned that unless the required technical equipment is provided, developing and using DLMs will not be possible.
Marketing For Sustainability: A Conceptual Framework
Authors: Jain Dr.Pankaj
Published: February 2019

This paper is an attempt to put forward a roadmap to attain sustainable marketing through social marketing, green marketing and critical marketing. Social Marketing is an approach to decide the marketing strategies and activities keeping
society’s long term welfare in the mind. Social and ethical concerns are at the centre of social marketing. Green Marketing is an approach to develop and market environmentally safer products and services in and introducing sustainability efforts in
various marketing and business processes. At last, Critical Marketing is an approach that calls for analyzing marketing principles, techniques and theory using a critical theory based approach. This approach helps in regulating and controlling
marketing activities with a focus on sustainability as it challenges and questions the existing capitalist and marketing systems so as to achieve a more sustainable marketing system.
Paradigm Shift In Classroom Management: A New Way Of Developing Education Business With Marketing Of Classroom Management Software
Authors: Iqbal Dr.Hena , Sharwani Mr. Asif Ehsan
Published: February 2019

"This paper explains how educator's needs are satisfied by classroom administration programming (CMS), such as, Moodle, and why educators are some of the time ease back to actualized it. Educators at various colleges gave both subjective and
quantitative reactions in regards to their use CMS. The outcomes show that the best needs satisfied by CMS are appropriation of materials and correspondence with understudy. They additionally recommend that convenience and value of CMS are identified
with perceptions toward it, yet that disarray in its use isn't. Ultimately, absence of clearness and time were the essential worries of the people who had not yet embraced CMS. Suggestions are talked about.