bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Corrosión a alta temperatura de un acero 2.25Cr-1Mo en contacto con una mezcla de K2SO4-NaCl
Authors: Peña B. Darío Yesid , Estupiñán Durán Hugo , Cáceres Andrea , Camargo Nelson
Published: May 2017

El acero ferrítico 2.25Cr-1Mo es comúnmente utilizado para la fabricación de tubos de supercalentadores para calderas industriales, puesto que presenta buenas propiedades mecánicas a alta temperatura. Sin embargo, las cenizas producidas por el combustible quemado se depositan sobre su superficie causando corrosión en caliente debido a la presencia de cloruros y sulfatos. La oxidación es otro fenómeno que puede perjudicar la vida útil de estos componentes dado que cuando es combinada con la corrosión en caliente, aparecen fenómenos de corrosión acelerada. En esta investigación se evaluó la oxidación sobre el acero 2.25Cr-1Mo y el efecto de la mezcla de sales 40%K2SO4-60%NaCl a temperaturas de exposición entre 550 °C y 650 °C, utilizando la norma estandarizada por la Federación Europea de Corrosión. Se registraron los valores de ganancia de masa vs. tiempo a diferentes temperaturas para evaluar el efecto corrosivo de la mezcla de sales. Se realizaron análisis de difracción de Rayos X, de metalografía y ensayos de dureza, para identificar los productos de corrosión y el posible cambio micro-estructural. Además, se evaluó la constante de velocidad de corrosión determinando, así, la energía de activación del proceso y, por lo tanto, el posible mecanismo de corrosión. Se observó que la velocidad de corrosión aumentó con el incremento del tiempo y la temperatura de exposición, mostrando un comportamiento parabólico, lo que indica un proceso corrosivo por difusión.
Principios y aplicaciones de la técnica de Difracción de electrones retro-proyectados (EBSD, Electron Back-Scattering Diffraction)
Authors: Mesa Grajales Dairo Hernán
Published: May 2017

La difracción de electrones retro-proyectados (EBSD), es una de las técnicas más recientemente utilizada en el análisis de aspectos relacionados con la cristalografía de materiales de ingeniería. Su versatilidad y ventaja frente a otras técnicas como la difracción de rayos X, ha permitido que investigadores de todo el mundo, en los más diversos campos de la ciencia e ingeniería de materiales, la hayan comenzado a explorar y sacar el máximo provecho posible. En Colombia esta técnica aún está por ser implementada, lo que ha motivado a la realización de una revisión teórica del tema, y se explica una posible aplicación en el campo del desgaste de piezas de ingeniería. De esta manera se espera contribuir para que investigadores de nuestro País adquieran una noción básica de la técnica EBSD y se motiven a usarla. Al final del texto se presenta, a modo de ejemplo, una de las aplicaciones del EBSD, donde se relaciona el daño por cavitación, en función de la orientación cristalográfica en un acero inoxidable dúplex nitrurado a alta temperatura.
Plataforma de HPC portable de bajo consumo energético para aplicaciones de minería de datos
Authors: Carranza Sánchez Armando Saúl , Verduzco Ramírez Jesús Alberto , Farías Mendoza Nicandro , Cervantes Zambrano Francisco , Rodríguez Haro Fernando
Published: May 2017

La necesidad de plataformas computacionales que proporcionen soporte a las aplicaciones denominadas intensivas ha estado incrementándose en muchas organizaciones debido al surgimiento de una serie de aplicaciones que requieren de manejo intensivo de datos y tiempos de respuesta cortos. Un ejemplo pueden ser las aplicaciones que utilizan la minería de datos. El hardware ha evolucionado de manera acelerada para satisfacer estas necesidades del cómputo intensivo. Por otro lado, pequeñas computadoras montadas en tarjetas denominadas SoC (System on Chip) (R., G., y M., 2013) han aparecido a partir de la miniaturización de componentes y la popularización de los sistemas embebidos, El ejemplo más significativo es Raspberry Pi (raspberrypi, 2016), una alternativa de bajo costo y consumo energético reducido que permite realizar tareas de cómputo. Debido a su popularidad, los fabricantes se han dedicado a incrementar su desempeño generando modelos con mayores prestaciones, los cuales se han vuelto una opción viable para el procesamiento intensivo de datos. Aquí analizamos dicho aspecto. Para ello se describe la construcción de una plataforma de HPC basada en tarjetas SoC, lo que permite desarrollar y ejecutar aplicaciones de minería de datos. Los resultados obtenidos en las diferentes pruebas de operación y tolerancia a fallas muestran que dicha plataforma ofrece el rendimiento y la robustez necesarios para ser utilizada en el desarrollo de aplicaciones de minería de datos orientadas a la educación y también para la enseñanza de la disciplina antes mencionada, con una inversión que es posible alcanzar en instituciones académicas y pequeñas organizaciones.
Comparative study of various renewable fuels blends to run a diesel power plant.
Authors: Eloisa Torres-Jimenez  , Marta Svoljšak Jerman  , Andreja Gregorc  , M. P. Dorado  , Breda Kegl
Published: May 2017

In this paper bioethanol/diesel and bioethanol/biodiesel blends,
at several concentrations and temperatures, are studied to find
its possible commercial usage as a fuel to run a diesel power
plant.
The tested fuels were: net mineral diesel fuel (D100) , 5 %
bioethanol/diesel fuel blend (v/v) (E5D95), 10 %
bioethanol/diesel fuel blend (v/v) (E10D90), 15 %
bioethanol/diesel fuel blend (v/v) (E15D85), neat biodiesel
(B100), 5 % bioethanol/biodiesel blend (v/v) (E5B95), 10 %
bioethanol/biodiesel blend (v/v) (E10B90), and 15 %
bioethanol/biodiesel blend (v/v) (E15B85). The fuels were
tested at: 30, 25, 8 and -18 ºC.
This paper shows the observations done in 8 samples during 5
weeks. After each week, each sample was overviewed, and
changes related to stability, colour and aggregation were
recorded.
It has been proved that additives are not necessary to ensure
stability of bioethanol/biodiesel blends under low temperature
conditions, as the phase separation never happens. But in case
of bioethanol/diesel blends some additives are necessary to
keep stability under low temperature conditions.
Based on this study, it can be concluded that blends of biodiesel
fuel with bioethanol up to 15% can be used to fuel a diesel
power plant if engine performance tests corroborate it. The
same conclusion can be applied to blends of diesel fuel with
bioethanol up to 15% blends if additives to keep stability are
added.
Dynamics parameters estimation of an asynchronous machine plus mechanical shaft set through orbit frequency response analysis
Authors: F. Oliveira  , M. P. Donsión  , G. Peláez
Published: May 2017

This paper presents some of the results obtained
upon the experimental study of the behaviour of a prototype
mechanical shaft driven by an induction electric machine. The
main focus of this paper will be on the mechanical response of
the set, based on the measurement of a number of mechanical
variables and its integration in well-known mechanical models,
allowing a more accurate estimation of the actual parameters of
the prototype machine. The results thus obtained can then be
used to test the theoretical models, estimate mechanical
parameters more accurately and generally increase knowledge
on the mechanical response of the prototype set.
TWO AXES SUN TRACKING SYSTEM: COMPARSION with a FIXED SYSTEM
Authors: M. Serhan  , L. El-Chaar
Published: May 2017

In this paper, a sun tracking system is designed and built using a
simple mechanical structure and control method. A comparison is
carried out between a fixed solar system and the tracking system to
emphasize the increase in the energy produced. The tracking
system reliability is also tested for diverse weather conditions.
“Y-stent retriever”: a new rescue technique for refractory large-vessel occlusions?
Authors: Crosa Roberto , Spiotta Alejandro M. , Negrotto Matías , Jaume Alejandra , Casagrande Walter
Published: May 2017

Long-awaited positive trial data have shown the efficacy of endovascular treatment in patients with ischemic stroke who arrive at the hospital within the first 6 hours with large-vessel occlusion of the anterior circulation. With the introduction of stent retrievers (SRs) for mechanical thrombectomy, efficient and safe large-artery recanalization treatment can be achieved. However, sometimes there are patients who do not attain complete flow restoration following attempts with traditional maneuvers. The authors present the case of a 57-year-old man with acute ischemic stroke due to an M1 embolus that extended into both M2 trunks. This patient was successfully treated with an innovative technique in which a Solitaire SR (Covidien) and a Catch SR (Balt) were used in a “Y” configuration, for which the authors coined the term “Y-stent retriever.”
Improvement of visual field defects after focal resection for occipital lobe epilepsy: case report
Authors: Yamamoto Takahiro , Hamasaki Tadashi , Nakamura Hideo , Yamada Kazumichi
Published: May 2017

Improvement of visual field defects after surgical treatment for occipital lobe epilepsy is rare. Here, the authors report on a 24-year-old man with a 15-year history of refractory epilepsy that developed after he had undergone an occipital craniotomy to remove a cerebellar astrocytoma at the age of 4. His seizures started with an elementary visual aura, followed by secondary generalized tonic-clonic convulsion. Perimetry revealed left-sided incomplete hemianopia, and MRI showed an old contusion in the right occipital lobe. After evaluation with ictal video-electroencephalography, electrocorticography, and mapping of the visual cortex with subdural electrodes, the patient underwent resection of the scarred tissue, including the epileptic focus at the occipital lobe. After surgery, he became seizure free and his visual field defect improved gradually. In addition, postoperative 123I-iomazenil (IMZ) SPECT showed partly normalized IMZ uptake in the visual cortex. This case is a practical example suggesting that neurological deficits attributable to the functional deficit zone can be remedied by successful focal resection.
Widening of the safe trajectory range during subaxial cervical pedicle screw placement: advantages of a curved pedicle probe and laterally located starting point without creating a funnel-shaped hole
Authors: Lee Subum , Seo Junghan , Lee Moon Kyu , Jeon Sang Ryong , Roh Sung Woo , Rhim Seung Chul , Park Jin Hoon
Published: May 2017

OBJECTIVE

The small diameter of cervical pedicles and a large transverse cervical pedicle angle are challenges that have led spinal surgeons to investigate how they could achieve a wider safety trajectory and reduce the insertion angle during cervical pedicle screw (CPS) placement. In this paper, the authors detail the advantages of using a curved pedicle probe and a laterally located entry point for overcoming these challenges.

METHODS

From March 2012 to May 2016, the authors performed posterior cervical fusions using CPSs on 119 consecutive patients. The lateral mass screw conversion and the CPS breach rate were analyzed. Using preoperative CT, it was determined that θlat is similar to the anatomical pedicle angle, and θmed is the minimally acceptable medial angle. The actual insertion medial angle (θins) was determined by postoperative CT. To identify how much of the medial angle on θins could be reduced from the anatomical pedicle angle (θlat), and how much closer to θmed, (θins−θmed) / (θlat−θmed) was calculated. To verify shifting of the entry point and widening of the trajectory, the mean df/Df (i.e., shifted facet point/planned facet point) values were analyzed.

RESULTS

The total number of planed CPSs was 759, the conversion rate was 4.61% (35/759), and the accuracy rate was 95.9% (694/724). The authors could calculate that θins could be expected near the 90%, 80%, 80%, 80%, and 110% value of θlat on C-3, C-4, C-5, C-6, and C-7 levels, respectively, with the (θins−θmed) / (θlat−θmed) equation. The mean df/Df values were 0.64, 0.62, 0.63, 0.63, and 1.24 on the C3–7 levels, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Through the use of a curved pedicle probe and a laterally located starting point, the planned and laterally located entry point medial shift was made during CPS placement. The entry point shift yielded a wider, safe trajectory and reduced the burden of making a large medial angle, similar to an anatomical cervical pedicle lateral angle, for safe CPS placement without creating a funnel-shaped hole.
Pseudogout of the cervical and thoracic spine mimicking infection after lumbar fusion: case report
Authors: Bridges Kelly J. , Bullis Carli L. , Wanchu Ajay , Than Khoi D.
Published: May 2017

Pseudogout is a form of acute calcium pyrophosphate deposition (CPPD) disease that typically afflicts the elderly. CPPD commonly involves larger joints, such as the knees, wrists, shoulders, and hips, and has been known to involve the spine.

The authors report the case of a 66-year-old woman with a recent history of lumbar laminectomy and fusion who presented 5 weeks postprocedure with a clinical and radiographic picture consistent with multilevel skip lesions involving the cervical and thoracic spine, thoracic discitis, and epidural abscess. Serial blood cultures and repeat biopsy samples were sterile. Subsequent wrist and ankle erythema, pain, and swelling led to synovial fluid analysis, and pseudogout was diagnosed. She was treated with an interleukin-1 inhibitor with immediate symptom relief.

To the authors’ knowledge, this is only the second report of spinal pseudogout presenting with a clinical and radiographic picture consistent with discitis and epidural abscess. This report is the first to report skip lesions of pseudogout occurring throughout the spine that are uniquely remote from a recent lumbar surgery.
Sagittal craniosynostosis: a utility outcomes study
Authors: Kuta Victoria , McNeely P. Daniel , Walling Simon , Bezuhly Michael
Published: May 2017

OBJECTIVE

Sagittal craniosynostosis results in a characteristic scaphocephalic head shape that is typically corrected surgically during a child’s 1st year of life. The authors’ objective was to determine the potential impact of being born with sagittal craniosynostosis by using validated health state utility assessment measures.

METHODS

An online utility assessment was designed to generate health utility scores for scaphocephaly, monocular blindness, and binocular blindness using standardized utility assessment tools, namely the visual analog scale (VAS) and the standard gamble (SG) and time trade-off (TTO) tests. Utility scores were compared between health states using the Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Univariate regression was performed using age, sex, income, and education as independent predictors of utility scores.

RESULTS

Over a 2-month enrollment period, 122 participants completed the online survey. One hundred eighteen participants were eligible for analysis. Participants rated scaphocephaly due to sagittal craniosynostosis with significantly higher (p < 0.001) median utility scores (VAS 0.85, IQR 0.76–0.95; SG 0.92, IQR 0.84–0.98; TTO 0.91, IQR 0.84–0.95) than both monocular blindness (VAS 0.60, IQR 0.50–0.70; SG 0.84, IQR 0.68–0.94; TTO 0.84, IQR 0.67–0.91) and binocular blindness (VAS 0.25, IQR 0.20–0.40; SG 0.51, IQR 0.18–0.79; TTO 0.55, IQR 0.36–0.76). No differences were noted in utility scores based on participant age, sex, income, or education.

CONCLUSIONS

Using objective health state utility scores, authors of the current study demonstrated that the preoperatively perceived burden of scaphocephaly in a child’s 1st year of life is less than that of monocular blindness. These relatively high utility scores for scaphocephaly suggest that the burden of disease as perceived by the general population is low and should inform surgeons’ discussions when offering morbid corrective surgery, particularly when driven by aesthetic concerns.
N-Propargylation of secondary amines directly using calcium carbide as an acetylene source
Authors: Fu Rugang , Li Zheng
Published: May 2017

A one-pot N-propargylation of secondary amines has been achieved by heating the amine with formaldehyde and calcium carbide in DMSO in the presence of CuCl as a catalyst. Fifteen examples of propargylic tertiary amines, 12 of which are novel, were efficiently prepared in yields of 65–84%. The advantages of the method are broad substrate scope and a simple work-up procedure.
Exile
Authors: ní Fhlathúin Máire
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines the ways in which the émigré community of British India conceived of their absence from ‘home’ as a kind of exile. While apparently artless, the trope of ‘home’ was not simple. The nostalgic or picturesque representation (privileging aesthetics over experience or memory) of the homeland served to reinforce affective connections between the exile and those left behind; in addition, sentimentalized images of the homeland were projected onto the Indian landscape, again effacing or limiting the value of the authentic experience of exile. Ambivalence was also at the heart of how ‘home’ was understood: it was seen, for instance, as a place of loss, death, and alienation – a place to which the exile could never return – as well as a place of innocence and lost childhood.
European Nationalism and British India
Authors: ní Fhlathúin Máire
Published: May 2017

This short chapter sketches the moment of preoccupation with emerging nationalism in India as well as in Europe at the beginning of the nineteenth century, when an incipient discourse of Indian nationalism appears in British writing, albeit in limited and evanescent form. It argues that this discourse draws on the mainstream literary tradition of Western Europe, but also on the indigenous historical, mythological and literary narratives of India, and the writers’ own lived experience of the country, and their apprehension of the particular socio-economic and political forces driving British interactions with and representations of India.
Afterword: Reading India
Authors: ní Fhlathúin Máire
Published: May 2017

The boundary between lived experience and discursive representation, inherent in the formal division of this book, is in practice neither clear-cut nor sustainable, though it serves its purpose as an organising principle. Looking at individual writers’ representations of India, what comes over time and again is the complexity of what they perceive: that is, their sensory engagement with the materiality of India is both shaped by their previously formed expectations, and overlaid with their knowledge of the responses of others. Their expression of these perceptions is equally complex, formulated as it is in negotiation with existing metropolitan, colonial and indigenous tropes and genres....
Oaths, Taxes and Tithes: Organising an Imminent Utopia
Authors: Velji Jamel A.
Published: May 2017

This chapter illustrates the ways in which the revolutionary dimension of the early Fatimid interpretive system was organized on the realm of terrestrial history. Preparations for the arrival of a utopian existence were carried out through the secret development of an extensive system of networks called the daʿwa, the summons or call, a hierarchical network that was responsible for recruitment to the Fatimid cause. In the Fatimid vision, the entire world became divided into regions that were headed by or were to be headed by significant members of the daʿwa. Those who wished to join the Fatimid cause were required to pledge an oath of allegiance in anticipation of the mahdi’s imminent arrival. This chapter discusses the nature of this oath at length, paying particular attention to how pledging it became central to the salvific paradigm, bestowing upon the believer a spiritually exalted lineage, one shared by prophets and other sacred personnel throughout history. In exchange for pledging the oath and working on behalf of the awaited mahdi, initiates became acquainted with the hidden meanings of revelation, and thus access to the tools of salvation.
Taʾwīl of an Apocalyptic Transcript I: The Book of Unveiling
Authors: Velji Jamel A.
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines the apocalyptic symbolism of one of the first works of taʾwīl attributed to the Fatimids, the Kitāb al-kashf, or Book of Unveiling. After a brief introduction to the apocalyptic elements of the Quran, the chapter shows how the author of the Kitāb al-kashf interpreted the text to argue that the Quran’s descriptions of the end of time in actuality referred to the coming of the awaited eschatological figure, the mahdi. The chapter argues that the Kitāb al-kashf’s taʾwīl of the Quran’s eschatological and apocalyptic imagery created a new transcript whose soteriological structure was centred around belief in and support for the mahdi and his cause.
Taʾwīl of an Apocalyptic Transcript II: The Book of Righteousness and True Guidance
Authors: Velji Jamel A.
Published: May 2017

Chapter four examines another text of taʾwīl dated to the Fatimid revolution, the Kitāb al-rushd wa-l-hidāya, or Book of righteousness and true guidance. It discusses how numerical correspondences between Quranic chapters and members of the Fatimid hierarchy also became a hermeneutic tool pointing to the imminent advent of the mahdi. The Kitāb al-rushd wa-l-hidāya also reflects the Kitāb al-kashf’s deployment of symbolism that equated elements of the Quran’s eschatological or apocalyptic imagery with the mahdi and his advent. The chapter ends with a very brief examination of numismatic materials, illustrating how some of the earliest Fatimid coins bore Quranic inscriptions that could be read as a reflection of the Fatimids’ emergence as having inaugurating the awaited earthly utopia.
From Movement to Text: The Haft-bāb
Authors: Velji Jamel A.
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines the Haft-Bāb, a document recounting the theology behind the Nizari Ismaili declaration of the Resurrection (qiyāma) written approximately 40 years after the event. It illustrates how the Haft-Bāb disclosed a new universe in which humanity was classified into three categories, categories based upon one’s spiritual relationship with the imam. This chapter also illustrates how temporality was envisioned in this new realm, as well as how one could obtain salvation. It then illustrates how some of the ideas of the resurrection were deployed by another exegete, Naṣīr al-Dīn Ṭūsī, in eschatological ways and non-eschatological ways to construct a paradigm of ethical behaviour. This examination, in turn, illustrates how apocalyptic and eschatological symbols can be reinvested with new meanings after they become decoupled from an immediate eschatology.
Reaction, Revolution and Empire: The Nineteenth Century
Authors: Hobson Christopher
Published: May 2017

This chapter tracks how the popular doctrines that emerged from the American and French revolutions developed across the nineteenth century. It opens by considering the negative standing of democracy at the end of the Napoleonic wars and attempts to construct a new international order at the Congress of Vienna. The order constructed at Vienna was able to endure for a century, but conservative attempts to re-establish monarchy based on principles of legitimacy were ultimately unsuccessful. Ongoing nationalist struggles and domestic unrest peaked in the revolutions of 1848, marked by an outburst of discussion over democracy. There was a growing perception in Europe that democracy – in one form or another – was somehow inevitable. The chapter concludes with the end of the nineteenth century, being a transitional moment for popular sovereignty and democracy: emergent, but still on the defensive.
The Wilsonian Revolution: World War One
Authors: Hobson Christopher
Published: May 2017

This chapter looks at the First World War, which would decisively shape democracy’s rise in international politics. When the war commenced, it was fought for old-fashioned reasons, with little concern for democracy. This changed drastically in 1917, due to revolution in Russia and America’s entry into the war. The reframing of the conflict as one of democracy versus autocracy was facilitated by events in Russia, but it was Woodrow Wilson’s intervention that was crucial in thrusting democracy onto the international agenda. With the defeat of the Central Powers, popular sovereignty supplanted monarchy as the dominant form of state legitimacy. This also confirmed democracy’s remarkable ideational transformation into a normatively acceptable, and for many desirable, method of government. The final section of the chapter considers the attempts to build a new international order at Versailles and the role that democracy played in these plans.
Conclusion: Democracy and Humility
Authors: Hobson Christopher
Published: May 2017

The conclusion reflects on the contradictory position democracy finds itself in early in the twenty-first century: it remains without peer but there is a growing concern it is now in crisis. In this context, it is argued that a deeper recognition of the way democracy has developed – one that appreciates not only its strengths, but also its ambiguities and weaknesses – is necessary for dealing with the challenges it now faces. Returning to democracy’s past is a way of demystifying it, ridding ourselves of both simplistic platitudes and shallow scepticism, and instead allowing us to cultivate a more realistic appreciation of its strengths.
‘Masters of Our Own Security’: Redemption Through Violence in the Post-9/11 Action Genre
Authors: McSweeney Terence
Published: May 2017

This chapter is an exploration of the defining trends of the action film in post-9/11 cinema. It situates the debate around the shifting parameters of masculinity in the War on Terror decade with a detailed analysis of the Bourne, Rambo, Taken and James Bond franchises.
Conclusion
Authors: McSweeney Terence
Published: May 2017

Moreover, although the two towers have disappeared, they have not been annihilated. Even in their pulverised state, they have left behind an intense awareness of their presence. No one who knew them can cease imagining them and the imprint they made on the skyline from all points of the city. Their end in material space has borne them off into a definitive imaginary space....
Northern Exposures and Marginal Critiques: The Politics of Sovereignty in Sámi Cinema
Authors: Kääpä Pietari
Published: May 2017

This chapter builds on Charles Taylor’s concept of the ‘politics of recognition’ to argue that new Sámi cinema practices in Finland eschew the image of the ‘mystical’ or exoticized Sámi and instead addresses contemporary issues of land and language rights and the self-governance of indigenous people. Kääpä shows how many recent films function as a ‘sub-regional forms of political self-definition’. Kääpä addresses the films of Paul Anders Simma, whose work ranges from activist works such as Give Us Our Skeletons! to fictional feature film productions such as Minister of State. Kääpä also considers the work of other recent Sámi filmmakers such as documentarian Katja Gauriloff. This chapter also addresses Finnish film politics and the current policies of the Finnish Film Foundation.
Arctic Carnivalesque: Ethnicity, Gender and Transnationality in the Films of Tommy Wirkola
Authors: Iversen Gunnar
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines the way in which Sámi filmmaker Tommy Wirkola ironically appropriates contemporary Hollywood films such as The Blair Witch Project (1999) and Quentin Tarantino’s Kill Bill (2003-4) to create ironic, postmodern genres films that address questions of ethnicity and gender. Iversen examines the way in which Wirkola’s films made in Norway such as Kill Buljo: The Movie (2007) and the ‘Nazi zombie horror splatter comedy’ Dead Snow (2009) appropriate the horror genre to tell stories about traumatic events in Northern Norwegian history -- such as the German invasion during Second World War -- while incorporating visual references to European and Scandinavian art cinema. Iversen also analyses the representations of masculinity in Knut Erik Jensen’s Cool and Crazy (2001).
The Creative Treatment of Alterity: Nanook as the North
Authors: MacKenzie Scott
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines the many re-iterations of Robert Flaherty’s influential film Nanook of the North (1922) to show how this key documentary film has been re-imagined and re-articulated in documentaries such as Claude Massot’s Nanook Revisited (1990), feature length fictional accounts of Flaherty’s journey north such as Massot’s Kabloonak (1994), indigenous media such as the National Film Board of Canada’s Netsilik series (1967), IMAX films like To the Arctic (2012) and experimental cinema such as Philip Hoffman and Sami van Ingen’s Sweep (1995). Through the analysis of these varied works, MacKenzie delineates how the continual re-iterations of Nanook of the North play and complex and conflicted role in the popular imagination of the Arctic.
A Gentle Gaze on the Colony: Jette Bang’s Documentary Filming in Greenland 1938–9
Authors: Jørgensen Anne Mette
Published: May 2017

This chapter discusses one of few women documentary filmmakers of the Arctic, Danish Jette Bang. A prolific photographer and filmmaker in Greenland throughout her career, Jørgensen shows how the early color film Inuit (1940) was nimbly shot and cinematographically deliberate. Made for the 1940 International Polar Year, the film and accompanying photo book created substantial media coverage when it premiered in Copenhagen. Bang’s later films, including her depictions of a changing Greenlandic society in the 1950s and 60s, this chapter argues, were made with the intent to both document Greenlandic life in the post-war era and as a testament to Denmark’s benevolent colonial rule of Greenland. Bang’s films thereby showcase the welfare state and industrial modernization processes imported Greenland, while maintaining an interest in ‘traditional’ practices and customs.
Exercise Musk-Ox: The Challenges of Filming a Military Expedition in Canada’s Arctic
Authors: Holloway Caroline Forcier
Published: May 2017

This chapter by Canadian film archivist Caroline Forcier Holloway examines the extreme difficulty filmmakers in the 1930s faced filming in the Arctic. Interviewing many Canadian filmmakers from the era, including pioneering cinematographer Roger Racine, Holloway uncovers how film practitioners discovered new ways of filming in the Arctic’s extreme cold, with the help of the National Film Board of Canada and Eastman Kodak. Forcier Holloway also examines Canadian government Department of Defense documents that outline the reasons for Canadian military exercises in the Arctic and the documentaries that were made about these manoeuvres, including the film Exercise Musk-Ox (1946), which was released as a newsreel as part of the National Film Board of Canada’s Canada Carries On series.
DJ Spooky and Dziga Vertov: Experimental Cinema Meets Digital Art in Exploring the Polar Regions
Authors: Shembel Daria
Published: May 2017

This chapter by Daria Shembel examines the montage-based filmmaking practice of Soviet director Dziga Vertov, his theory of the Kino-eye, and how Vertov’s principles have been remediated through Paul D. Miller, aka DJ Spooky. Shembel puts this practice in productive tension with the recent work of DJ Spooky, and how Vertov’s proto-digitality techniques greatly inspired contemporary multimedia artist Spooky in his Antarctic and Arctic projects. Paying particular attention to Vertov’s film A Sixth Part of the World (1926), Shembel delineates the parallels between Vertov’s practices and that of DJ Spooky’s multi media project Kino-Glaz/Kino Eye (2009) his Antarctica project The Book of Ice (2001). Shembel argues that Vertov’s practice foreshadows digital platforms and traces the ways in which digital media can be seen as the logical outcome of Vertov’s work.
The Legacy of Richard Matheson’s
Authors: Abbott Stacey
Published: May 2017

This chapter traces the 21st century synergy between vampire and zombie back to Richard Matheson’s 1954 novel I Am Legend, a book that both reinvented the vampire story as science-fiction by reimaging the vampire through the language of science, and served as origin text for the birth of the zombie genre with George Romero’s Night of the Living Dead. Through an analysis of a range of adaptations of Matheson’s novel, including his own script written for Hammer Studios but rejected by the BBFC, this chapter considers how this text marks key transformative moments within the evolution of the horror genre on film.
How to Survive a Vampire Apocalypse: Or, what to Do When the Vampires are Us
Authors: Abbott Stacey
Published: May 2017

This chapter considers how the increasing popularity of the zombie apocalypse text has impacted on the vampire through the rise of a new hybrid genre of the vampire apocalypse narrative, bringing the vampire genre full circle from Matheson’s I Am Legend. This chapter argues that the vampire apocalypse offers an alternative to the sympathetic vampire in which the vampire has once again become monstrous and threatening within a post-apocalyptic landscape. This return to monstrosity is utilized to service an exploration and examination of class stratification and social deprivation, as well as offering an examination of the impact of religious fundamentalism within a post-9/11 world. Case studies include Stake Land, Priest, Daybreakers and Perfect Creature.
Reform in Context I: Senegal (and Mali)
Authors: Loimeier Roman
Published: May 2017

This chapter introduces Senegal as a first regional context for the emergence of both Sufi- and Salafi-oriented movements of reform. It shows that neither movement of reform was monolithic but characterized by multiple splits, often linked with family disputes and generational change. The chapter presents Cheikh Touré as the major representative of Salafi-minded reform in Senegal and discusses the different ways in which Sufi movements responded to the challenge of Salafi-oriented reform. The chapter shows that both Sufi- and Salafi-oriented movements of reform tried to take part actively in Senegalese politics and to influence politics. It also explains why Salafi-oriented reform has not managed to become a popular mass movement in Senegal and why Sufi movements managed to consolidate their role as the major political players in Senegal. The chapter finally compares the development of Salafi-oriented reform in Mali with developments in Senegal and shows that the success of Salafi-minded reform in Mali was linked with the different historical and social context. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the civil war in Mali in 2011 and 2012 and the emergence of jihad-minded groups in northern Mali.
Reform in Context III: Chad, Sudan, Ethiopia, Somalia
Authors: Loimeier Roman
Published: May 2017

This chapter departs from both preceding as well as following chapters in so far as it does focus on four local contexts, namely Chad, Sudan, Ethiopia and Somalia. These case studies serve to demonstrate the importance of the local context for the emergence of Salafi-oriented movements of reform. A major reason for the failure of Salafi-oriented reform in Chad was the virtual absence of significant middle class groups that would have supported the development of a popular mass movement of reform; in the case of Ethiopia, reasons for the failure of Salafi-oriented reform were the highly fragmented character of Ethiopia’s society and again the absence of significant middle class groups. In Somalia, the success of Salafi-oriented movements of reform and the emergence of jihad-minded groups (al-Shabab) can be explained by the dynamics of the civil war since 1988. The success of Salafi-oriented reform in Sudan was linked with the growth of strong middle class groups in the urban centres as well as the ability of Hasan al-Turabi, the major leader of Salafi-minded reform in Sudan since the 1960s, to provide the “Islamic Movement” in the Sudan with a successful long-term political strategy that led to the take-over of power in 1989.
Three Models of Coexistence
Authors: Vasilev George
Published: May 2017

Chapter 2 examines some prominent models of multicultural coexistence, and defends deliberative models as most consistent with the demands of solidarity. Through their emphasis on reason-giving and empathetic imagining, deliberative models offer a basis for the practical and democratic realisation of solidarity’s core tenet of responsibility across difference. Nevertheless, it is also conceded that a deliberative approach brings with it its own set of problems that impede the expansion of solidarity. Specifically, where deliberation ensues from a starting point of marginalisation and disrespect, we can expect it to replicate, rather than overcome, these non-ideal conditions. The final section brings this problem to light in preparation for the subsequent chapters, which focus on how it can be overcome.
Consensus Across Deep Difference
Authors: Vasilev George
Published: May 2017

Chapter 6 reflects on and defends the book’s central claim that the deliberative approach offers the most appealing framework for the democratic expression of solidarity. It does so against agonistic assertions that deliberative democracy’s focus on the attainment of consensus takes away from the egalitarian expression of diversity. It is argued that a complete rejection of consensus is both unsustainable and undesirable from the very pluralist perspective agonists seek to uphold. In the place of agonists’ wholesale rejection of consensus, the chapter puts forward a conceptualisation of consensus that conceives it as a matter of degree. This conceptualisation not only better captures the complexity of human relations. It also allows us to distinguish the potential accomplishments of aspiring towards consensus from the potential hazards.
Friendship, Sovereignty and Political Discord in Coriolanus
Authors: Anderson Thomas P.
Published: May 2017

This chapter re-orients the way that early modern political sovereignty is understood by arguing that the relationship between Coriolanus and Aufidius is a friendship predicated on agonism and discord. The chapter’s close examination of their alliance and eventual betrayal establishes the counter-politics of friendship that organizes political relationships explored throughout the book. A fragile warrior-friendship links the two men in shared estrangement. In claiming that the two rivals embody a singular type of friendship with resonant political implications, the chapter revises early modern theories of friendship from Erasmus, Bacon, and Montaigne, as well as friendship theory from their classical predecessors Cicero and Aristotle. Shakespeare’s depiction of amicitia perfecta offers a critical point of intervention in contemporary accounts by Foucault and Derrida of the political potential inherent in a friendship characterized by dissensus, not amity. Coriolanus stages the possibility of radicalizing the citizen/state binary, glimpsing the fragile grounds of a potentially new communal politics embodied in a fragile warrior friendship.
Touching Sovereignty in Henry V
Authors: Anderson Thomas P.
Published: May 2017

This chapter takes seriously the Chorus’ avuncular description of Henry’s presence in the camp at Agincourt as ‘a little touch of Harry in the night’ (4.0. Chorus. 47). It draws on early modern and modern understandings of the royal touch to make the case that tactility in the play becomes the vehicle for reconfiguring sovereignty, exposing its fractured condition as well as efforts to reconstitute its integrity. For Henry, to touch is to redeem sovereign authority. His contemplation of the ritual effect of the royal touch to cure his own diseased condition, however, demonstrates the impossibility of sovereign redemption through touch. To the multitude in the play, however—Falstaff, Williams, Bates, even Katherine—tactility is an expression of individual sovereignty that agitates institutional power through body politics. In Henry’s quest for union between England and France, redemption and union are conjured, like magic, through his tactile encounter with Katherine. This magic does not serve a new politics of consensus; instead, it disavows what Henry knows too well—that his royal touch is powerless to make sensible the fugitive condition of a dissensual politics immanent at the core of his divided condition.
Introduction
Authors: McGee Kyle
Published: May 2017

The Introduction sets forth the general scope of the inquiries to follow. It provides background on the work of Bruno Latour and the relevance of actor-network theory – including but not limited to Latour’s legal ethnography published as The Making of Law – to legal studies in various guises. The Introduction then summarizes each individual chapter, gesturing towards intersections and dialogues the reader may identify as she proceeds through the volume.
The Life and Deaths of a Dispute: An Inquiry into Matters of Law
Authors: Dijk Niels van
Published: May 2017

Taking up the Latourian challenge of offering an alternative empirical account of what it is, precisely, to ‘do’ law, Niels van Dijk, in ‘The Life and Deaths of a Dispute’, mobilises insights gleaned from ethnographic research conducted at a law firm and courts in Belgium to formulate the legal-theoretical concept of matters of dispute. Tracing the gradual transformation of these matters into legal cases and finally judgments and accomplished facts, van Dijk names each step in the biography of a dispute, sharpening our understanding of the nature of legality along the way. Moving from the development of the dispute through a series of contractions, condensations and extensions to its reduction to contentious points and the judicial linearisation of its complicated folds, van Dijk invents a conceptual topology of law that he calls, suggestively, legal pointillism. Rather than a mere ‘aestheticisation’ of law, this represents a philosophical ungrounding, or re-grounding, of all existing jurisprudence and legal epistemology, stimulating a new look at fundamental concepts (thing, cause, effect, ground, point …) that have been locked for too long in the dusty inventories of metaphysics. Van Dijk claims an affinity not only with Leibniz, Whitehead and Deleuze, but with Harman’s object-oriented philosophy as well. Finally, though his indebtedness to Latour’s ethnography of the Council of State is clear on every page, van Dijk marks a number of differences with him on crucial questions, like the nature of the legal totality and the role of tautology in legal reasoning, arguing that, in the end, it would be better to speak of assignation as a mode rather than law.
The Strange Entanglement of Jurimorphs
Authors: Latour Bruno
Published: May 2017

Bruno Latour closes out this volume by taking hold of several threads running through the preceding chapters. In addition to responding to a few of the criticisms that have cropped up, Latour offers remarks on the specific analyses developed in several of the chapters in order to shed light on crucial elements of the AIME project and his view of the legal mode of existence, addressing among other things domains, institutions, normativity, jurimorphs and a few modal crossings stimulated by the work of the book’s
contributors. The outlines of a new concept – the red letter of
the law – even begin to take shape as Latour moves between and
among the compelling and original arguments of the individual
chapters.
Film Policy in the UK: 1920s–1979
Authors: Doyle Gillian
Published: May 2017

This chapter traces the key moments that have shaped UK film policy from the 1920s through to the end of the 1970s. It outlines the culture and commerce dichotomy that has informed government intervention in to the film market in the UK. It also documents the economic and cultural role that the Hollywood film industry has had in shaping the development of industrial film culture in the UK. The chapter analyses the sporadic and uneven policy intervention of successive UK governments up until the election of the Thatcher Conservative government in 1979.
From ‘Sustainability’ to ‘Competitive Industry’
Authors: Doyle Gillian
Published: May 2017

Although from the moment the Film Council was set up, it was clear that the intention was to found an organisation focused on bringing ‘sustainability’ to the British film industry, the Council gradually retreated from this term in favour of a wider set of priorities and the way in which it articulated its mission also gradually shifted. Drawing on a wealth of original interviews with senior politicians, film executives, independent producers, industry experts and leading filmmakers, this chapter examines the key players, forces and assumptions which drove the Film Council’s agenda, how the weighting of priorities shifted over time and why the Council’s sense of mission changed over its lifetime.
Digital – A Missed Opportunity?
Authors: Doyle Gillian
Published: May 2017

Drawing on both documentation and extensive interviews with key industry and policy players, this chapter analyses the role that the transition to digital played in both the policy thinking and interventional practice of the UKFC. It examines the origins, development and impact of the Digital Screen Network (DSN), which became one of the flagship digital policy initiatives of the UKFC. It documents the conflicting industry views around the impact of the DSN on the UK film distribution sector and highlights the policy complexities that digital posed for the UKFC during its lifetime.
Badiou’s Decision: To Give Up Leadership, Somewhat
Authors: Coombs Nathan
Published: May 2017

This chapter concerns a striking paradox: on the one hand, Alain Badiou has emerged as one of the most influential public intellectuals of recent decades; on the other, he is known for insisting that philosophy is subservient to truths produced by politics, science, art and love. The chapter argues that the paradox can be unravelled by attending to how the philosophical categories and choice of mathematical models in Being and Event aim to, and fall short of, imposing limits on theoretical authority. These difficulties highlight the problematic nature of Badiou’s attempt to revive Althusser’s rationalist programme of the 1960s while avoiding that project’s theoreticist excesses. The final section reflects on how these unresolved tensions can help make sense of the charges of Stalinism levelled against Badiou after the Arab Spring.
Meillassoux’s Politics: Speculative Justice
Authors: Coombs Nathan
Published: May 2017

This chapter argues that although Quentin Meillassoux’s philosophy has been received as a scientistic realism, its fundamental commitments are shaped by political opposition to Hegelian historicism. By drawing on published fragments of his long-awaited book, The Divine Inexistence, the chapter shows that it is Meillassoux’s rejection of the historical symbol of modernity and its collective politics that leads him to propose replacing it with an individual, ethical orientation guided by speculative philosophy. Read in the context of this wider body of work, Meillassoux’s After Finitude realises the authoritative trajectory set in motion by Althusser and Badiou.
Introduction
Authors: He Baogang
Published: May 2017

This book examines the simple but significant idea that ordinary citizens have the right to voice their opinion on the national boundary/identity question and to cast votes on it in a form of referendum. Citizen’s voice and public deliberation mechanisms are powerless without a voting device. A vote without citizen’s voice and public deliberation is fraught with danger; it escalates conflict rather than solving or managing it. It is necessary to combine referendum and public deliberation: a sort of deliberative referendum (...