bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TÜRKİYE’DE AĞIRLIKLI OLARAK GIDA MADDELERİ SATAN ZİNCİR MARKETLERİN İNTERNETTE PAZARLAMA FAALİYETLERİNE YÖNELİK BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: DENİZ Recep Baki
Published: January 2020

İşletmelerin faaliyetlerinde elektronik cihazların kullanımı uzun bir sureden beri söz konusu olmakla birlikte, internetin kullanımı ile birlikte tüketici değerinin artırılmasında ve yenilik yaratmada büyük bir çığır açıldığı görülmektedir. İnternet, gerek tüketiciler, gerekse üreticiler için önemli fırsatlar sunmaktadır. Tüketiciler açısından ürün ve hizmetlere ilişkin olarak fiyat ,kalite, satış sonrası servisler vb. konularda çok geniş bir karşılaştırma olanağı sağlarken, işletmeler açısından ise, yeni pazarlara kolayca ulaşabilme, daha büyük rakiplerle daha kolay rekabet edebilme gibi avantajları beraberinde getirmektedir. Sağladığı avantajlar nedeniyle internette alışveriş, gerek üreticiler ve gerekse tüketiciler için giderek daha fazla tercih edilmekte ve özellikle internette perakende satışların da yaygınlığını sürekli artırdığı görülmektedir. Bu araştırmada, perakendecilik, internette perakendecilik kavramları ile dünyada ve Türkiye’ de zincir mağazacılık faaliyetleri incelenerek, ülkemizde ağırlıklı olarak gıda maddeleri satan zincir mağazaların web siteleri analiz edilmiş ve internette satış faaliyetleri irdelenmiştir
RESİM-İŞ EĞİTİMİ BÖLÜMÜ SON SINIF ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN ÖĞRETMENLİK VE SANAT ALANINDAKİ KAZANIMLARI
Authors: ÖZOL Ahmet
Published: January 2020

An abstract on the Achivements of the last year's students of the Art Department of the Marmara Universty Atatürk Education Fafulty in the Field of Teaching and art. What are the demands and trends of the students of the Art Department of M. Ü. Atatürk Education Faculty? Which qualifıed students does the Art Department -with its today's character- enable to train in terms of artisty and teaching.It aims to train "artist-teacher", to what extent is it able to accomplish this goal? In this research answers to these questions have been sought, and an assessment has been made about the students requirements beginning of their university education and before and after their practice term in their fourth-last-year, by comparing the girls and the boys they respectively. Thus it has become obvious whether they will tend to take on teaching as a job or not.
ULUSLARARASILAŞMADA ÖNEMLİ BİR ARAÇ OLARAK STRATEJİK BİRLEŞMELER
Authors: TOPKARA USLU Aypar
Published: January 2020

The major vehicle manufaetures are facing an increasingly turbulent environment A depressed ıvord economy, rapidly changing technologies and the move toıvards globalization have brought strong changes to the key players. One response to these conditions has been the formation of various types of collaborative ventures, in particular, strategic alliances. Firms that enter strategic alliances without recognizing how knowledge and skills form the basis for future competitive advantage are likely to lose not only their technologies and skills, but also their ability to shape future products in that industry. Co-operation or interaction with an alliance partner to enter new markets or to develop new products also leads to competition in learning new skill and insights from one another.
SPOR VE SALDIRGANLIK
Authors: ATALAY Ayşe
Published: January 2020

Aggressiveness, is a reactional behavior defined as an objective of causing harm in a, physical or physchological way to us enemies and competitions as a result of inducement. Aggressiveness in sports are divided into two parts such as aggressiveness within the game and aggressiveness of spectators. Aggressiveness in sports don't spread out within time. Alt of a sudden show itself Aggressiveness in sports is in a way equipped Because sports are in the direction of significant objectives such as representation of our country in the best way and getting the highest degree and also becoming a Champion etc.
TÜRKiYE'DE İSTİKRAR SÜRECİNİN MALİYETLERİ: YVAB (SVAR) YÖNTEMİYLE FEDAKARLIK ORANININ TAHMİNİ
Authors: TUNAY K. Batu
Published: January 2020

Genellikle enflasyonu düşürme çabaları, işsizliğin artması ve toplam üretimin düşmesi olarak özetlenebilecek maliyetlere yol açmaktadır. Enflasyonun düşürülmesine uyum sürecinde para otoritesinin toplam talep artışını yavaşlatması gerekmektedir. Böylece geçici de olsa genel ekonomik faaliyetlerin hacminde bir azalma doğacak ve bir süre sonra daralan iş hacmine uyum göstermek için firmalar istihdamlarını kıstıklarından üretimdeki düşüşü işsizlik izleyecektir. İstikrar sürecinde katlanılması gereken maliyetler toplumsal ve ekonomik açıdan son derece önemli olduğundan bu konuda geniş bir literatür oluşmuştur. Sözü edilen maliyetleri ölçebilmek politik karar alıcıların uygulamalarının başarısını da yakından etkilemektedir. İstikrarın maliyetinin teorik olarak "fedakarlık oranı" (sacrifice ratio) ile ölçülebileceği genel kabul görmüş bir yaklaşım olmakla birlikte, literatürde fedakarlık oranının hesaplanmasında kullanılan çeşitli teknikler söz konusudur. Son dönemde bu konudaki ampirik çalışmalarda Yapısal Vektör Ardışık Bağlanım (Structural Vector Autoregression) başarılı sonuçlarından ötürü sıkça kullanılmaya başlanan bir teknik olarak göze çarpmaktadır. Çalışmamız, temelde Türkiye’de enflasyonu düşürme politikalarının maliyetlerini incelemeye ve bu amaçla fedakarlık oranının hesaplanmasına yöneliktir. Bununla birlikte, yeni bir tahmin yöntemi olarak Yapısal Vektör Ardışık Bağlanım tekniğinin incelenmesi ve Türkiye verilerine uygulanması da çalışmamızın diğer bir hedefidir.
ULUSLARARASI İŞLETMELERDE ÜCRET VE MAAŞ YÖNETİMİ
Authors: BARLI Önder
Published: January 2020

Multinational companies trade in the other countries which influenced by a lot of risk and problems. One of the problems is determined a suitable politics of wage and salary. This paper examines, the policies of wage and salary and resources what is the structıife of the recent wage and salary policies in the multinational companies. Consequently, important points at the payment, kinds of payments, botıuses, Utilities and other relation concepts are examined.
TÜRK BANKACILIK SEKTÖRÜNDE TAHSİLİ GECİKMİŞ ALACAKLAR
Authors: SELÇUK Hasan , DARICI Adem
Published: January 2020

Bankacılık sektörü yüksek maliyetli krizlerle karşı karşıya gelebilmektedir. Karşılaşılan bankacılık krizlerinin ödemeler sisteminde rahatsızlıklara neden olması, krizin sadece bankacılık sektörü ile sınırlı kalmamasına ve reel sektör üzerinde de olumsuz yansımalar göstermesine neden olmaktadır. Krizin boyut ve niteliğini etkileyebilecek faktörlerin başında . ise ekonomideki tüm birimlerin yükümlülüklerini yerine getirme kabiliyetindeki gerileme gelmektedir. Sonuçta bankacılık sisteminde TGA stoku hızla artarken, şirketler kesiminin kurumsal borçları ifa edilemez boyuta ulaşabilmektedir. Bankacılık sisteminden TGA’ın tasfiye edilmesi ve şirket borçlarının yapılandırılarak ekonomideki üretilen kapasitenin korunmasına yönelik temelde iki politika seçeneği bulunmaktadır. Bunlardan ilki bankacılık sisteminden TGA’ın belirli bir çerçeve içinde devralınarak bankaların mali yapısının kısa süre içinde iyileştirilmesine imkan sağlayan Varlık Yönetim Şirketi uygulaması, diğeri ise bankalar ile şirketlerin belirli bir platform üzerinde piyasa mekanizması içinde ve gönüllülük esasına göre bir araya gelerek şirket borçlarının yapılandırılmasını sağlayan ve genel olarak Londra Yaklaşımı olarak bilinen kurumsal borç yapılandırma politikasıdır. Varlık Yönetim Şirketi uygulaması bankacılık sisteminden sorunlu varlıkların alınarak bankaların asli görevi oları mevduat toplama ve kredi verme fonksiyonuna odaklanmasını sağlamayı amaçlayan bir politika seçeneğidir. Bu şekilde bir yandan bankaların krizle birlikte zayıflayan mali yapıları güçlendirilirken bir yandan da zayıflayan makroekonomik yapının yoğun şekilde ihtiyaç duyduğu kaynak akışı rahatlatılabilmektedir. Finansal bünyesi zayıflayan ve mali yükümlülüklerini yerine getirmede sıkıntılarla karşılaşan reel sektör şirketlerine ait borçların kredi alacaklısı bankalar tarafından belirli bir çerçeve içinde yeniden yapılandırılarak söz konusu şirketlerin varlığını sürdürebilmesini sağlamaya ve bu şekilde ekonominin üretken kapasitesini korumaya yönelik yaklaşımı ifade eden ve ilk kez İngiltere’de uygulanması nedeniyle "Londra Yaklaşımı" olarak anılan kurumsal borç yapılandırma politikası ise özellikle Güneydoğu Asya Krizinin ardından önem kazanmıştır. Diğer ülke uygulamaları dikkate alındığında TGA stokunun bankacılık sisteminden tasfiyesinde ve kurumsal borçların yapılandırılmasında ikili bir yapının kurulması uygundur. Sonuç olarak dünya tecrübelerinden de görülebileceği gibi TGA’nın ve kurumsal borçların krizlerle zayıflamış ekonomik yapı üzerinde yaratacağı olumsuzluklar ancak bu şekilde izlenecek kapsamlı ve birbirini destekleyen politikalarla engellenebilmektedir.
TOPLUMSAL YABANCILAŞMA VE SUÇLULUK AÇISINDAN SPORUN ÖNEMİ
Authors: YILMAZ Nail
Published: January 2020

Sport is afact that effects the human life in many ways. It increases cultural verbal making social entergration easy, and prevents erime ensuring a tolerant and constructive atmosphere.
GÜNÜMÜZ İŞLETMELERİNDE SÜREÇ YENİLEME (REENGINEERİNG) FAALİYETLERİ
Authors: ATAYETER Coşkun
Published: January 2020

Reengineering, the new and increasingly popular management trend, is taking by storm the management field. Similar to spring cleaning, they are ready to discard the "old" ideas and accept the new ones, follow the new trend. It seems, apparently, that they have a good case.
THE FRIEDMAN TWO-WAY ANOVA BY RANKS APPLICATION: COMPARISON OF CHANGE FORCES
Authors: YURTKORU E. Serra
Published: January 2020

Bütün organizasyonlar kendilerini değişime zorlayan çevresel faktörlerle karşı karşıyadırlar. Değişim güçleri adını verdiğimiz bu faktörlerin bir firmanın şimdiki ve gelecekteki performanslarına olan etkisi onların kuvvetini belli eder. Eğer örgütsel değişim sürecini incelemek istiyorsak bu incelemeye bir işletmenin iç ve dış çevresindeki faktörleri incelerek başlamamız doğru olacaktır. Firmaların karşı karşıya oldukları değişim güçlerinin çeşitliliği ve zorlayıcı etkileri organizasyonun gelecekteki davranışlarına ip ucu teşkil edecektir. Bu çalışmada farklı sektörden iki firmanın karşı karşıya olduğu değişim güçlerini ölçmek için beş faktörlü değişim gücü anketi uygulanmıştır. Çıkan sonuçları karşılaştırmak için izlenen istatistiksel yöntem parametrik olmayan Friedman iki yönlü varyans analizi ve bu teste bağlı çoklu karşılaştırma yöntemidir.
VERGİ YÖNETİMİNDE REFORMUN ESASLARI
Authors: BATIREL Faruk
Published: January 2020

Vergi yönetiminde etkinliğin iki temeli olduğu literatürde genel kabul görmüş bulunmaktadır. Vergi alacaklısı devletin yönetsel etkinliği ve mükellefin vergi yasalarına uyumu. Mal ve hizmetler hareketlerinin globalleştiği ve mükellefin vergi yasalarına uyumu. Mal ve hizmetler hareketlerinin globalleştiği ve iletişimde devrim yaşandığı dünyada, zor vergilenen kesimlerin sayısı artmakta ve bu yüzden de mükellefin uyum derecesi azalmaktadır.
YENİ TEKNOLOJİLER VE GEMİ YAPIM SANAYİ: TÜRK TERSANELERİNDE TEKNOLOJİK KAPASİTE
Authors: SOYAK Alkan , EROĞLU Nadir
Published: January 2020

The nature o f technologlcal capability accumulation in a manufacturing firm (or country) depends on manyfactors such as the chosen technology, the fim i 's own effort to process its technology (R&D), the sources ofits technology (local orforeign channels) and environment (specialized technological agents, govem m ents, universities, etc.) Our paper relates the accumulation of technological capability to the different channels of technological activities in Turkish Ship building Industry. This study aims to cali attention to the main elements of Industrial Technology policy for Turkish Ship building Industry.
LİDER YÖNETİCİ GELİŞTİRMENİN ARTAN ÖNEMİ VE YENİ YAKLAŞIMLAR
Authors: ERDİL Oya
Published: January 2020

The importance competencies of managers is increasing at an accelerating rate due to environmental complexities and changes. To develop new approaches and strategies for more adaptive work, firms try to engage more in leadership development of developing leadership programs than before. Leadership-management development programs consist of such activities as defining the current situation and future-related needs, preparing individual development plans and training programs and finally evaluation of performance. Today these programs are supported by different approaches take mentorship and coaciıing to be more effective.
VEKTÖR TRANSFORMASYONUNUN FARKLI KOORDİNAT SİSTEMLERİNDE MATRİSLERLE GÖSTERİLİŞİ
Authors: TEKİN Mustafa
Published: January 2020

Transformasyon matrisi genellikle çok değişkeli ista tistik analizlerde kullanılan matrislerdir. Bu matrislerde nokta tranformasyonu yada baz vektör değişimi ile trans formasyon söz konusudur. Çalışmamızda bu iki durum ele alınıp transformasyonların ne şekilde yapıldığının geometrik gösterimi (vektörel gösterimi) ele alınacaktır.
YARATICI DÜŞÜNCE, ÇAĞDAŞ TOPLUM
Authors: YILMAZ Erdal
Published: January 2020

Nowadays,all the people who interested in education , accept that our education system is not contemporary. We are not able to educate original thinking and Creative people. So we have to do something. Politicians must do a lot of things to change this education system. Bıa I don’t think, it’s possible in a short time. So everybody should ask himself this question : “ What can I do ? “ Firstly we don’t anticipate to make a solution from the others like politicians.
DIŞ BORÇLAR, GELİŞMEKTE OLAN ÜLKELER ve DIŞ BORÇLARIN OLASI ETKİLERİ
Authors: IŞIK Abdülkadir , YENİDÜNYA İsmet
Published: January 2020

Gelişmekte olan ülkelerin anlamlı bir ekonomik kalkınma hızına ulaşabilmek için gerekli olan tasarruf düzeyine ulaşabilmedeki başarısızlığı ve bu ülkelerin kısıtlı yurt içi kaynaklarına ve ithalata olan bağımlılıkları dış kaynaklara bağımlılığı gerektiren iki temel neden olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Gelişmekte olan ülkelerde, özellikle 1980'li yıllar artan borçlanmalara tanık olunan yıllardır. Ancak söz konusu bu ülkelerin dış borçlarının 1980'li yılların başında yüksek bir seviyeye çıkmasına karşın gerçekte artış eğilimi, petrol fiyatlarının arttığı 1970 yılı başlarında kendini göstermeye başlamıştır. Borçlanmanın kapsamı genişledikçe ekonomiler üzerinde oluşturduğu etki de artmaya başlamıştır.
Design Analysis of Inductorless Active Loaded Low Power UWB LNA Using Noise Cancellation Technique
Authors: Kalra Dheeraj , Kumar Manish , Shukla Aasheesh , Singh Laxman , Jaffery Zainul Abdin
Published: January 2020

This paper includes a design analysis of an inductorless low-power (LP) low-noise amplifier (LNA) with active load for Ultra Wide Band (UWB) applications. The proposed LNA consists of two parallel paths, one is the common source (CS) path and second is the CG path. The CG path has the edge advantage of improving overall Noise figure (NF) due to wide band impedance matching in UWB, while the CS path provides high power gain. A method for noise cancellation is adopted, to reduce the noise of CS path with the help of CG path. The proposed LNA successfully simulated in 90 nm CMOS technology. The results of proposed work indicate optimization at frequency 5.70 GHz with 3 dB bandwidth of 4.3 GHz–8.9 GHz. All simulations have been done for a range of frequency 03 GHz–13 GHz in Cadence virtuoso software. The results quoted 1.15 dB NF, −18.12 dB S11, 13.7 dB S21, maximum operating power gain (GP) 11.756 dB at frequency 5.7 GHz and available power gain (GA) is 10.17 dB at frequency 8.61 GHz, with 0.6 V, 0.92 mW broad band LNA.
A Facile Approach to Develop Rice Husk Derived Green Catalyst for One-pot Synthesis of Glycerol Carbonate from Glycerol
Authors: Arora Shivali , Gosu Vijayalakshmi , Arun Kumar U. K. , Subbaramaiah Verraboina
Published: January 2020

The profitability margin of biodiesel production hampering due to surplus amount of glycerol with the low market price. Thus, developing an alternative route highly demanded for the conversion of glycerol into value-added chemicals. In the present manuscript, green synthesis route was explored by utilizing rice husk derived catalyst. The catalytic properties of the prepared catalyst were investigated by using various characterization techniques. The basic strength of the catalyst was influenced by varying the calcination temperature (200 °C to 500 °C) as well as active metal (cerium) loading (5 wt. % to 20 wt. %). The present investigation revealed that 10 wt. % Ce on Na2SiO3 catalyst calcined at 400 °C exhibited the moderate basic sites of 13.89 mmol/g, which showed potential catalytic activity for the transesterification of glycerol to glycerol carbonate under optimum condition: 92 % glycerol carbonate yield and 98 % glycerol conversion. The catalyst stability study revealed that the catalyst could be reused up to four consecutive cycles without an appreciable drop in catalytic activity. The kinetics of the reaction was also studied, and the activation energy was calculated as 23.80 kJ/mol.
Utilizing Potassium Chloride and Calcium Ascorbate to Reducing Chinese Bacon Sodium Content
Authors: Zhang Dong , Li Hongjun , He Zhifei
Published: January 2020

This study evaluated the combined effects of sodium chloride (NaCl) substitutes, including potassium chloride (KCl) and calcium ascorbate, on physicochemical and sensory properties of low-sodium Chinese bacon. When KCl replaced 40 % NaCl, it had no significant (P > 0.05) effect on the physicochemical properties but had a certain effect on the sensory score. Using 30 % KCl and with 10 % calcium ascorbate (T2 group) replacing 40 % NaCl had good color score (6.73) and the overall acceptability score (6.90) was the highest in the experimental group. The color score of T2 group was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of control group (6.33). However, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the overall acceptability score between the T2 group (6.90) and the control group (7.00). Therefore, a compound salt consisting of KCl and calcium ascorbate can be used in Chinese bacon, leading to sodium content about 40 % reduction.
The Determinants of the EU Import Demand for Soybean and Maize: What Role for GMOs?
Authors: Varacca Alessandro , Sckokai Paolo
Published: January 2020

In this work, we analyse EU soybean and maize imports using a demand system borrowed from the differential approach to firm theory. Alongside providing own-price and cross-price (i. e. cross-country) elasticities for these two products, we test whether source-specific characteristics exert any influence on complementarity and substitution patterns between international exporters. Specifically, we look at country differences stemming from supply chain efficiency and the asynchronous approval of Genetically Modified (GM) varieties. We do so by introducing two measurements for such features into a linear demand model specified by Laitinen and Theil (1978). Estimation results suggest that the EU import structure is not affected by differences in supply chain efficiency between overseas suppliers while, depending on the product, asynchronous approval does seem to have an influence. We find that imports of maize are more sensitive than those of soybeans to differences in approval statuses between international exporters and the EU. Since soybean availability is a limiting factor for the EU feed industry, avoiding stock shortages may be a priority for European importers, hence the weaker effect of asynchronous approval. On the other hand, the substantial EU self-sufficiency for maize places more emphasis on product characteristics and prices.
A Nameless Bride of Death: Jephthah’s Daughter in American Jewish Women’s Poetry
Authors: Koplowitz-Breier Anat
Published: January 2020

In the Hebrew Bible, Jephthah’s daughter has neither name nor heir. The biblical account (Judg. 11:30–40) is somber—a daughter due to be sacrificed because of her father’s rash vow. The theme has inspired numerous midrashim and over five hundred artistic works since the Renaissance. Traditionally barred from studying the Jewish canon as women, many Jewish feminists are now adopting the midrashicpoetry tradition as a way of vivifying the female characters in the Hebrew Bible. The five on which this article centers focus on Jephthah’s daughter, letting her tell her (side of the) story and imputing feelings and emotions to her. Although not giving her a name, they hereby commemorate her existence—and stake a claim for their own presence, autonomy, and active participation in tradition and society as Jewish women.
Some Moments of Wonder Emergent within Transcendental Phenomenological Analyses
Authors: G. Hart James
Published: January 2020

There is a distinctive wonder bordering on and awakening to the philosophy of religion within Husserl’s transcendental phenomenology. This is not primarily a wonder directed to how things are or that they are, but rather the wonder connected to the most fundamental principle of transcendental phenomenology. That principle is the ancient principle of the convertibility of being with what is true or the inseparability of being and manifestation. Phenomenological wonder is primarily at the correlation of being as what is true or made manifest with consciousness. And yet there is an even more basic phenomenological wonder which founds this correlation, and that is the manifestness of first-person experience within which all other wonder emerges.
Sex care robots
Authors: Fosch-Villaronga Eduard , Poulsen Adam
Published: January 2020

The creation and deployment of sex robots are accelerating. Sex robots are service robots that perform actions contributing directly towards improvement in the satisfaction of the sexual needs of a user. In this paper, we explore the potential use of these robots for elder and disabled care purposes,which is currently underexplored. Indeed, although every human should be able to enjoy physical touch, intimacy, and sexual pleasure, persons with disabilities are often not in the position to fully experience the joys of life in the same manner as abled people. Similarly, older adults may have sexual needs that public healthcare tend to ignore as an essential part of their well-being. We develop a conceptual analysis of how sex robots could empower persons with disabilities and older adults to exercise their sexual rights, which are too often disregarded in society. Our contribution seeks to understand whether sex robots could serve as a step forward in enhancing the care of (mainly but not exclusively) persons with disabilities and older adults. By identifying the potential need to incorporate sex within the concept of care, and by exploring the use of robot technology to ease its materialization, we hope to inform the policy debate around the regulation of robots and set the scene for further research.
Comparison of High Versus Low Eccentric-Based Resistance Training Frequencies on Short-Term Muscle Function Adaptations
Authors: Crane Joshua S. , Thompson Brennan J. , Harrell David C. , Bressel Eadric , Heath Edward M.
Published: January 2020

Crane, JS, Thompson, BJ, Harrell, DC, Bressel, E, and Heath, EM. Comparison of high versus low eccentric-based resistance training frequencies on short-term muscle function adaptations. J Strength Cond Res 36(2): 332–339, 2022—Eccentric resistance training is beneficial for improving a number of performance and health metrics. However, the recommendations on eccentric training frequency have not been established. This study investigates the effects of volume-matched resistance training frequency comparing 1 vs. 3 training days per week of isokinetic multiple-joint eccentric training on strength and lower-body function adaptations during a 4-week training period. Thirty subjects were assigned to either 3 days per week (high-frequency [HF]) or 1 day per week (low-frequency [LF]) training conditions for 4 weeks. An eccentric dynamometer was used for the training and testing. Eccentric strength and vertical jump (VJ) measures were taken at Pre, Mid (2 weeks), and Post (4 weeks) intervention. Soreness (visual analog scale [VAS]) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were taken throughout the training period. There was no group × trial interaction for eccentric strength (p = 0.06) or VJ (p = 0.87). For eccentric strength, all trials were significantly different (p < 0.001) from each other. For VJ, there was a main effect for trial such that VJ increased from Pre to Post (p < 0.001) and Mid to Post (p < 0.01). High frequency reported lower RPE (p < 0.01) and soreness (p = 0.04) compared with LF. Both HF and LF protocols elicited large (36.8 and 27.4% strength increases, respectively) and rapid neuromuscular adaptations for improved strength. Eccentric-based workload may be dispersed across a given period to allow for reduced soreness and perceived exertion levels without compromising neuromuscular adaptations. Some eccentric training transfer to functional (VJ) task may also be observed, independent of training frequency.
Experimental Study on Mechanical Strength of Porous Concrete Pavement Containing Pozzolans
Authors: Pachideh Ghasem , Gholhaki Majid , Moshtagh Amin
Published: January 2020

The technical and economic advantages of porous concrete pavement have drawn the attention of many researchers. Accordingly, in this study, the effects of cement replacement (10 and 20 %) by pozzolanic materials such as silica fume, zeolite, fly ash, and granulated blast-furnace slag (GBFS) on the performance of porous concrete was evaluated by conducting compressive and tensile strength as well as water absorption tests at the ages of 7 and 28 days. To conduct the strength tests, cylindrical and cubic specimens were built with dimensions of 100 by 200 mm and 100 by 100 by 100 mm, respectively. Based on the results, application of silica fume and GBFS managed to improve the compressive and tensile strengths by 60 and 300 %, respectively. Moreover, the inclusion of zeolite, fly ash, and GBFS enhanced the specimen’s water absorption and stood at fair and good ranking provided by the International System of Unified Standard Codes of Practice for Structures (CEB-FIP) standard.
Cerebral Contribution to the Execution, But Not Recalibration, of Motor Commands in a Novel Walking Environment
Authors: de Kam Digna , Iturralde Pablo A. , Torres-Oviedo Gelsy
Published: January 2020

Human movements are flexible as they continuously adapt to changes in the environment. The recalibration of corrective responses to sustained perturbations (e.g., constant force) altering one’s movement contributes to this flexibility. We asked whether the recalibration of corrective actions involve cerebral structures using stroke as a disease model. We characterized changes in muscle activity in stroke survivors and control subjects before, during, and after walking on a split-belt treadmill moving the legs at different speeds. The recalibration of corrective muscle activity was comparable between stroke survivors and control subjects, which was unexpected given the known deficits in feedback responses poststroke. Also, the intact recalibration in stroke survivors contrasted their limited ability to adjust their muscle activity during steady-state split-belt walking. Our results suggest that the recalibration and execution of motor commands are partially dissociable: cerebral lesions interfere with the execution, but not the recalibration, of motor commands on novel movement demands.
Post-Saccadic Face Processing Is Modulated by Pre-Saccadic Preview: Evidence from Fixation-Related Potentials
Authors: Buonocore Antimo , Dimigen Olaf , Melcher David
Published: January 2020

Humans actively sample their environment with saccadic eye movements to bring relevant information into high-acuity foveal vision. Despite being lower in resolution, peripheral information is also available before each saccade. How the pre-saccadic extrafoveal preview of a visual object influences its post-saccadic processing is still an unanswered question. The current study investigated this question by simultaneously recording behavior and fixation-related brain potentials while human subjects made saccades to face stimuli. We manipulated the relationship between pre-saccadic “previews” and post-saccadic images to explicitly isolate the influences of the former. Subjects performed a gender discrimination task on a newly foveated face under three preview conditions: scrambled face, incongruent face (different identity from the foveated face), and congruent face (same identity). As expected, reaction times were faster after a congruent-face preview compared with a scrambled-face preview. Importantly, intact face previews (either incongruent or congruent) resulted in a massive reduction of post-saccadic neural responses. Specifically, we analyzed the classic face-selective N170 component at occipitotemporal electroencephalogram electrodes, which was still present in our experiments with active looking. However, the post-saccadic N170 was strongly attenuated following intact-face previews compared with the scrambled condition. This large and long-lasting decrease in evoked activity is consistent with a trans-saccadic mechanism of prediction that influences category-specific neural processing at the start of a new fixation. These findings constrain theories of visual stability and show that the extrafoveal preview methodology can be a useful tool to investigate its underlying mechanisms.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeural correlates of object recognition have traditionally been studied by flashing stimuli to the central visual field. This procedure differs in fundamental ways from natural vision, where viewers actively sample the environment with eye movements and also obtain a low-resolution preview of soon-to-be-fixated objects. Here we show that the N170, a classic electrophysiological marker of the structural encoding of faces, also occurs during a more natural viewing condition but is strongly reduced due to extrafoveal preprocessing (preview benefit). Our results therefore highlight the importance of peripheral vision during trans-saccadic processing in building a coherent and stable representation of the world around us.
Connexin Signaling Is Involved in the Reactivation of a Latent Stem Cell Niche after Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Fabbiani Gabriela , Reali Cecilia , Valentín-Kahan Adrián , Rehermann María Inés , Fagetti Jimena , Falco María Victoria , Russo Raúl E.
Published: January 2020

The ependyma of the adult spinal cord is a latent stem cell niche that is reactivated by spinal cord injury contributing new cells to the glial scar. The cellular events taking place in the early stages of the reaction of the ependyma to injury remain little understood. Ependymal cells are functionally heterogeneous with a mitotically active subpopulation lining the lateral domains of the central canal (CC) that are coupled via gap junctions. Gap junctions and connexin hemichannels are key regulators of the biology of neural progenitors during development and in adult neurogenic niches. Thus, we hypothesized that communication via connexins in the CC is developmentally regulated and may play a part in the reactivation of this latent stem cell niche after injury. To test these possibilities, we combined patch-clamp recordings of ependymal cells with immunohistochemistry for various connexins in the neonatal and the adult (P > 90) normal and injured spinal cord of male and female mice. We find that coupling among ependymal cells is downregulated as postnatal development proceeds but increases after injury, resembling the immature CC. The increase in gap junction coupling in the adult CC was paralleled by upregulation of connexin 26, which correlated with the resumption of proliferation and a reduction of connexin hemichannel activity. Connexin blockade reduced the injury-induced proliferation of ependymal cells. Our findings suggest that connexins are involved in the early reaction of ependymal cells to injury, representing a potential target to improve the contribution of the CC stem cell niche to repair.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTEpendymal cells in the adult spinal cord are latent progenitors that react to injury to support some degree of endogenous repair. Understanding the mechanisms by which these progenitor-like cells are regulated in the aftermath of spinal cord injury is critical to design future manipulations aimed at improving healing and functional recovery. Gap junctions and connexin hemichannels are key regulators of the biology of neural progenitors during development and in adult neurogenic niches. We find here that connexin signaling in the ependyma changes after injury of the adult spinal cord, functionally resembling the immature active-stem cell niche of neonatal animals. Our findings suggest that connexins in ependymal cells are potential targets to improve self-repair of the spinal cord.
Mucilage inhibits germination of desert ephemeral Nepeta micrantha seed under moderate osmotic stress and promotes recovery after release of this stress
Authors: Zhao Chunxiang , Jiang Li , Shi Xiang , Wang Lei
Published: January 2020

Mucilage is considered to play an important role in the survival of seeds in harsh desert environments. Nepeta micrantha is an ephemeral plant of the Gurbantungut Desert, China. The outer surface of N. micrantha nutlets contains a layer of mucilage. We hypothesised that
mucilage improves germination during and after osmotic stress. Germination of both intact and demucilaged nutlets under different polyethylene glycol (PEG)-simulated drought stress was tested at the optimal light and temperature conditions. Germination of intact and demucilaged nutlets decreased
with an increase in PEG concentration. However, there were no significant differences in germination between intact and demucilaged nutlets at the same PEG concentration, except at 15% PEG. Recovery percentage and final germination of intact nutlets were considerably higher than that of demucilaged
nutlets after treatment with 15% PEG. These findings demonstrate that mucilage contributes significantly to drought tolerance ofN. micrantha nutlets by decreasing germination under moderate osmotic stress and aiding germination after the release of this stress.
Advances of Peroral Cholangioscopy and EUS for Indeterminate Biliary Lesions
Authors: Lee Yun Nah
Published: January 2020

Traditionally, biliary lesions have been considered to be indeterminate when a diagnosis cannot be made after basic laboratory work-up, abdominal imaging and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with biliary sampling. Although ERCP is a first-line diagnostic modality for indeterminate biliary lesions, the diagnostic yield of ERCP-based tissue sampling is insufficient. In a recent, peroral cholangioscopy (POC)- guided forceps biopsy and endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUSFNA) are evolving as reliable diagnostic procedures for indeterminate biliary lesions. In previous studies, EUS-FNA was sensitive and highly specific for diagnosing malignancy in biliary strictures. However, EUS-FNA has several limitations as a routine clinical procedure for all biliary strictures. Newly developed POC systems, such as the SpyGlass direct visualization system and direct POC using an ultra-slim endoscope, have led to excessive improvements in technical performance and diagnostic yields for biliary strictures. However, the performance of POC-guided target biopsy for distal bile duct strictures is technically difficult, and this approach has a limited ability to diagnose biliary strictures caused by non-intraductal, extrinsic compressed malignancies, such as a pancreatic cancer. Therefore, a tailored approach using optimized endoscopic modalities that are specific to the characteristics of a given biliary stricture is needed to achieve a high diagnostic yield for indeterminate biliary lesions.
Optimal Management of Chemotherapy-related Adverse Events
Authors: Jung Min Kyu
Published: January 2020

This review article deals with the optimal management of chemotherapy-related adverse events which are the nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, neutropenia, peripheral polyneuropathy. Recent literatures are reviewed and pathogenetic mechanism and management of each of adverse events are summarized. It is not simple but complexed and wide. Most patients could be expected how much they feel the nausea before the chemotherapy. We could prescribe several types of antiemetic agent efficiently. When the patients suffered from the neutropenia after previous chemotherapy, we should closely monitor their blood cell count. And we could help them after giving the granulocyte colony stimulating factor. Diarrhea is one of big troublesome issue related with chemotherapy. We could control the diarrhea by reducing the dose of the chemotherapy and prescribing optimally loperamide. Cisplatin and oxaliplatin could make the patients feel paresthesia and numbness but it’s hard to reverse or prevent even though we use anticonvulsants (carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine), antidepressants (amitriptyline, venlafaxine), amifostine, nimodipine, vitamins and minerals.
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN EDUCATION: ACTIVE LEARNERS
Authors: GÜLSEÇEN Sevinç
Published: January 2020

It is argued that the digital technology has made possible the vast range of applications and media forms including virtual reality, digital special effects, digital film, digital television, electronic music, computer games, multimedia, the Internet, the World Wide Web, digital telephony and so on [8]. Digital transformation has been particularly influential in new directions of society.Providing schools with digital technology promises a high return on investment. The presence of computers and Internet access raises technology literacy and skills, better preparing the future generations to participate in the information society [12]. To this end, schools represent ideal access points because they cover a large part of the population, especially in developing countries. Starting from 1990s, many educators have been realised the potential of Internet for educational purposes and began to introduce it into classrooms. According to [10] the popularity of web-based teaching and learning lies in the strengths of its distributed nature and the case of its browsing facility. Both the use of digital technology and increased interest in student-centered learning may lead to a significant change of the teacher’s role, as well as the recognition of the active role of the learner in the learning process.
Green extraction of Sambucus nigra L. for potential application in skin nanocarriers
Authors: Mota Ana Henriques , Andrade Joana Marçalo , Ntungwe Epole N , Pereira Paula , Cebola Maria João , Bernardo-Gil Maria Gabriela , Molpeceres Jesús , Rijo Patrícia , Viana Ana Silveira , Ascensão Lia , Reis Catarina Pinto
Published: January 2020

Sambucus nigra L. is a well-known species with a wide range of medicinal properties. In this work, supercritical fluid extracts were obtained from fresh and dried elderberries of S. nigra L.: A (dried berries, ethanol (C2H5OH) absolute), B (dried berries, ethanol 96%), C (dried berries, ethanol 70%) and D (fresh berries, ethanol 96%). Evaluation of the in vitro enzymatic activities and antioxidant activity (AA) of the extracts and a preliminary assessment of their safety were carried out. The most promising extracts were selected for encapsulation in polymeric nanoparticles (NPs). All extracts demonstrated low to moderate AA, and they did not reveal any antimicrobial activity against the bacteria and yeasts tested. No toxic effect in the Artemia salina model was observed. Due to the moderate or good AA, anti-collagenase and anti-elastase activities, A and C extracts were selected and then successfully encapsulated into poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) NPs. According to morphological analysis, empty PLGA NPs had a rounded irregular shape and seemed somewhat collapsed, while PLGA NPs loaded with extract A or C exhibited a spherical shape with a smooth surface. The encapsulation process produced a slight increase in the NP size. Further studies will include the optimization of extract conditions in order to improve the yield of extraction, as well as the in vivo evaluation of these nanocarriers.
Integrated management of multiple water sources for multiple uses: rural communities in Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: Barbara van Koppen  , Moritz Hofstetter  , A Edward Nesamvuni  , Quinex Chiluwe
Published: January 2020

This study fills a knowledge gap about low-income rural communities’ holistic management of multiple water resources to meet their multiple needs through multiple or single-use infrastructure. Six low-income rural villages in Limpopo Province were selected with a diversity in: service levels, surface and groundwater resources, public infrastructure (designed for either domestic uses or irrigation but multiple use in reality) and self-supply (people’s individual or communal investments in infrastructure). Focusing on water-dependent livelihoods and water provision to homesteads, distant fields and other sites of use, three policy-relevant patterns were identified. First, most households have two or more sources of water to their homesteads as a vital buffer to irregular supplies and droughts. Second, infrastructure to homesteads is normally for domestic uses, livestock and, for many households, irrigation for consumption and sale. Public infrastructure to irrigate distant fields is multiple use. Exceptionally, self-supply point sources to distant fields are single use. Water bodies to other sites of use are normally multiple use. As for large-scale infrastructure, multiple-use infrastructure is cost-effective and water-efficient. Third, in four of the six villages people’s self-supply is a more important water source to homesteads than public infrastructure. In all villages, water provided through self-supply is shared. Self-supply improves access to water faster, more cost-effectively and more sustainably than public services do. In line with international debates, self-supply is there to stay and can be supported as a cost-effective and sustainable complementary mode of service delivery. A last potential policy implication regards community-driven planning, design and construction of water infrastructure according to people’s priorities. This may sustainably harness the above-mentioned advantages and, moreover, communities’ ability to manage complex multiple sources, uses and multiple-use infrastructure, whether public or self-supply, as a matter of daily life.
A conceptual index for benchmarking intermittent water supply in a water distribution system zone
Authors: Carlo Loubser  , Suzanne Esther Basson  , Heinz Erasmus Jacobs
Published: January 2020

Various challenges, such as limited freshwater resources, climate change impacts, rapid population growth, urbanisation and underinvestment in water supply infrastructure, have led to intermittent water supply (IWS) in potable water distribution systems. Earlier research has confirmed that IWS negatively impacts the consumers, the infrastructure and the water supply authorities.  Water supply authorities need tools to help understand IWS and the associated implications. A new indexing framework involving the causes and impacts associated with IWS is presented in this paper. In addition, a novel approach allows for quantification of the severity of IWS based on knowledge of a few readily available inputs. The severity quantification is based on two ratios: the intermittency ratio is a temporal measurement, accounting for supply duration; the connection ratio describes spatial aspects, using the number of service connections affected. The indexing framework and quantification tool could lead to improved understanding of IWS and could assist water supply authorities faced with IWS to make informed decisions. Improved planning of remedial actions to mitigate or avoid risks associated with IWS is aided. The tools presented in this paper could be used as basis for future development of a key performance indicator.
Occurrence of PAHs in water samples of the Diep River, South Africa
Authors: Adetunji A Awe  , Beatrice O Opeolu  , Olatunde S Olatunji  , Olalekan S Fatoki  , Vanessa A Jackson  , Reinette G Snyman
Published: January 2020

Occurrence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in freshwater may aggravate the water crisis currently being experienced in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. However, there is dearth of data on the levels of PAHs, which is necessary for effective assessment of water quality as well as remediation strategies. This study therefore assessed levels of PAHs in the Diep River freshwater system of Western Cape Province, South Africa. A liquid-liquid extraction solid-phase extraction gas chromatography flame ionisation detection (LLE-SPE-GC-FID) method was developed to simultaneously determine the 16 United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) listed priority PAHs in water samples. The SPE-GC-FID method allowed an acceptable linearity (R2 > 0.999) within the calibration range of 1 to 50 µg/mL. Instrument detection limits ranged between 0.02 and 0.04 µg/mL and instrument quantification limits between 0.06 and 0.13 µg/mL. Recovery study results were also acceptable (83.69–96.44%) except for naphthalene, which had recovery of 60.05% in spiked water matrix. The seasonal averages of individual PAH detected at the studied sites ranged between not detected (nd) and 72.38 ± 9.58 µg/L in water samples.
Evaluating the suitability of fyke nets for small-scale fisheries in the Free State Province of South Africa
Authors: LM Barkhuizen  , OLF Weyl
Published: January 2020

South Africa is under increasing pressure to develop small-scale fisheries in inland waters. To inform appropriate development of this sector in the Free State Province, the catch rate of double-ended fyke nets was evaluated using survey data from 20 impoundments sampled during the 2013/2014 summer season. Fyke nets were set over night and the total sample effort was 114 fyke net nights. Overall catch per unit effort (CPUE) was 16.8 ± 28.3 kg·net-1·night-1 and catch composition was dependent on impoundment, but generally comprised of a mixture of common carp Cyprinus carpio, African sharptooth catfish Clarias gariepinus, smallmouth yellowfish Labeobarbus aeneus, Orange River mudfish Labeo capensis and moggel Labeo umbratus. The influence of temperature and the potential benefits of baiting the nets were subsequently evaluated through monthly sampling in the hyper-eutrophic Krugersdrift Dam and at the oligotrophic Gariep Dam. Baiting did not significantly influence CPUE, which was significantly higher at Krugersdrift Dam (19.97 ± 23.22 kg·net-1·night-1) than at Gariep Dam (5.02 ± 6.05 kg·net-1·night-1). Increasing temperature had a positive effect on CPUE at Krugersdrift Dam but not at Gariep Dam. Species composition also differed between impoundments and, as a result, we conclude that seasonal catch rates and species compositions will need to be evaluated prior to implementation of fyke net fisheries in specific localities.
Edisi Lengkap Vol.15, No.3, Desember 2019
Authors: JRE JRE
Published: January 2020

Edisi Lengkap Vol.15, No.3, Desember 2019
L/a madre no existe: Lacan, Medea y la posición femenina de la “verdadera” mujer
Authors: Marín Calderón Norman
Published: January 2020

Este ensayo propone una lectura psicoanalítica de la Medea de Eurípides. Lacan sostiene que Medea es una “verdadera mujer” porque su acto privilegia la condición de mujer antes que la de madre. En este sentido, Medea de Eurípides es la tragedia de la feminidad ideal. Colocada en un más allá de la maternidad, ella se convierte en el paradigma de la mujer que sacrifica el tener (sus hijos) por el ser (mujer). Finalmente, en este artículo, se analiza la importancia del nombre propio para luego arribar a las distintas posiciones femeninas que Medea adopta a lo largo de la tragedia.