bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bianchi Type V Universe with Time Varying Cosmological Constant and Quadratic Equation of State in f(R,T) Theory of Gravity
Authors: Mahanta Chandra Rekha , Deka Shayanika , Das Manash Pratim
Published: October 2023

In recent years, modified theories of gravity have been extensively studied because of the discovery and confirmation of the current phase of accelerated expansion of the universe. The f(R,T) theory of gravity is one such theory, proposed by Harko et al. in 2011, in which R is the Ricci scalar and T is the trace of the stress-energy tensor. In this paper, we study Bianchi type V universe in f(R,T) theory of gravity with time varying cosmological constant and a quadratic equation of state p=αρ2-ρ, where α≠0 is a constant. We obtain exact solutions of the field equations for two cases: one with a volumetric expansion law and the other with an exponential expansion law. The physical features of the two models are discussed by examining the behaviour of some important cosmological parameters such as the Hubble parameter, the deceleration parameter etc. We find that the models have initial singularity and the physical parameters diverge at the initial epoch. The model 1, corresponding to the volumetric expansion law does not resemble ΛCDM model while the model 2, corresponding to the exponential expansion law, resembles ΛCDM model. The energy conditions of the models are also examined and found to be consistent with recent cosmological observations.
Nuclear Energy Levels in 44Ca using FPD6pn Interaction
Authors: Hassan Maryam K. , Majeed Firas Z.
Published: October 2023

Nuclear energy levels; total angular moment, even-even parity, and even odd parities for nucleons that were present outside closed core for the isobars 44Ca nuclei, which occupied low levels fp-LS shell (1f7/2,1f5/2, 2p3/2,2p1/2), within shell model calculations had been studied. The interaction has been used to calculate the nuclear energy levels which are fpd6pnwith fp shell model space. The results are compared with each other and with available experimental data, its agreement with some results is clear. All inscriptions are given in diagrammatic notation., the wave vectors and analysis are modeled in the so-called diagrammatic notation. The potential of the oscillator is utilized to construct a single particle vector, considered as a core. The OXFORD BEUNES AIRES SHELL MODEL CODE (OXBASH) is utilized to accomplish the results for all tested nuclei, the results as illustrated in figure (1) revealing that the levels have somehow consisted especially below 4 MeV, and the order are arranged similarly to the experimental scheme. All the states inherent above 4MeV are shifted especially for the odd values of total spin (J), so the model and interaction need to be modified.
Theoretical Study of Proton Halo Structure and Elastic Electron Scattering Form Factor for 23Al and 27P Nuclei by Using Full Correlation Functions (Tensor Force and Short Range)
Authors: Hussein Abeer A.M. , Flaiyh Ghaith N.
Published: October 2023

The study of proton-rich nuclei's form factors, root-mean-square radius (rms), and nuclear density distributions is the focus of this work for nuclei (23Al and 27P), use two body charge density distributions (2BCDD's). With the effects of the strong tensor force and short range, the nucleon distribution function of the two oscillating harmonic particles in a two-frequency shell model operates with two different parameters: bc for the inner (core) orbits and bv for the outer (halo) orbitals. This work demonstrated the existence of proton halo nuclei for the nuclei (23Al and 27P) in the shell (2s1/2), and the computed proton, neutron, and matter density distributions for these nuclei both displayed the long tail of the performance. Using the Borne approximation of the plane wave, the elastic form factor of the electron scattering from the alien nucleus was calculated, this form factor is dependent on the difference in the proton density distribution of the last proton in the nucleus. The Fortran 95 power station program was used to calculate the neutrons, protons, matter density, elastic electron scattering form factor, and rms radii. The calculated outcomes for these exotic nuclei agree well with the experimental data.
Investigation of the Impact of Glass Waste in Reactive Powder Concrete on Attenuation Properties for Bremsstrahlung Ray
Authors: Majeed Wasan Z. , Aboud Rawaa K. , Naji Nesreen B. , Mohammed Shatha D.
Published: October 2023

Reactive Powder Concrete (RPC) is one of the most advanced recent high compressive strength concrete. This work explored the effects of using glass waste as a fractional replacement for fine aggregate in reactive powder concrete at levels of 0%, 25%, 50%, and 100%. Linear and mass attenuation coefficients have been calculated as a function of the sample's thickness and bremsstrahlung energy. These coefficients were obtained using energy selective scintillation response to bremsstrahlung having an energy ranging from (0.1-1.1) MeV. In addition, the half-value thickness of the samples prepared has been investigated. It was found that there is a reversal association between the attenuation coefficient and the energy of the bremsstrahlung ray.
The results showed that, with the exception of the specimen with a partial replacement of 25% glass waste, adding fine aggregate in part by glass waste had a negative impact on the reactive powder concrete's attenuation properties. That means the sample’s density can be improved with the glass waste content ratio to 25%. Also, the bremsstrahlung radiation shielding capabilities of reactive powder concrete can be enhanced using glass waste of not more than 25%.
Synthesis of SnS/SnO Nanostructure Material for Photovoltaic Application
Authors: Josephine Egwunyenga N. , Ikponmwosa Okunzuwa S. , Ikhioya Imosobomeh L.
Published: October 2023

Research Highlights

Successfully synthesized SnS/SnO nanostructured material using successors ionic layer absorption and reaction (SILAR) technique.

Granular nanocrystals were visible in the materials, and they were strewn unevenly and randomly throughout the glass surface.

It was found that the sample processed at room temperature had the largest energy band gap.

The transmittance in the visible area of the spectrum was stable and SnS/SnO was at its maximum in the UV region

In this research, the SILAR method was used to synthesize environmentally-friendly SnS/SnO material for photovoltaic application, where 0.1 M of tin (II) chloride dihydrate (SnCl2.2H2O) was used to create the cationic precursor solution, and 0.01 M of thioacetamide (C2H5NS) was used to create the anionic precursor solution. The X-ray diffraction patterns of SnS/SnO material deposited on glass substrate at various deposition temperatures recorded a major peak at 45oC at 2 theta of 31.8997o, which corresponds to the face-centered cubic crystal structure (FCC). Diffraction peaks are visible in the pattern at planes 111, 200, 210, 211, and 300, which correspond to angles of 26.58°, 31.89°, 39.61°, 44.18°, and 54.85°, respectively. It was discovered that the crystallite/grain size and the lattice parameters decrease as the temperature of the deposition material rises. Granular nanocrystals were visible in the materials, and they were strewn unevenly and randomly throughout the glass surface. The spectra of the absorbance demonstrate that as light radiation passed through SnS/SnO films, it absorbed radiation as the wavelength increased from the UV region to the ultraviolet region of the spectra. It was discovered that the precursor temperature influences the material's absorbance; as the temperature rises, the absorbance decreases, making SnS/SnO an excellent material for photovoltaic systems. The transmittance in the visible area of the spectrum was stable and SnS/SnO was at its maximum in the UV region, it increased as the wavelength increased in the NIR region. It was found that the sample processed at room temperature had the largest energy band gap. SnS/SnO reveals an increase in thickness from 114.42 – 116.54 nm which resulted in a downturn in the resistivity of the deposited film from 9.040×109 – 6.455×109 (Ω·cm) while the conductivity of the deposited material increased from 1.106×10-10 – 1.549×10-10 (Ω·cm)-1.
Synthesis of Graphene via ARC Discharge and Its Characterization: A Comparative Approach
Authors: Awoji Michael O. , Onoja Audu D. , Echi Mathias I.
Published: October 2023

Herein, few layer graphene was synthesize using two arc discharge chambers of different volumes to ascertain the influence of chamber size on the quality and yield of graphene. In both arc discharge chambers (A and B), graphite rods were ignited at arc current of 200 A and pressure of 500 Torr to produce vaporized carbon atoms which were deposited on the chamber wall. The synthesized graphene was characterized using the combined effect of UV spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron spectroscopy and transmission electron spectroscopy. It was observed that, an increase in the chamber size led to an increase in the number of graphene layers (4 – 6 layers) and an increase in the crystalline size D (9.6 – 17.4 nm) as revealed by XRD results. Raman analysis shows lower value of ID/IG of 0.62 indicating the presence of lower defect in chamber A as compared to the ID/IG value of 0.93 observed in chamber B. A graphene yield of 0.96 g was obtained from chamber A while 0.67 g of the same product was obtained from chamber B. The fabricated arc discharge systems suggest that a larger chamber size could promote a better yield of graphene on an industrial scale. Hence, the research is relevant to the development of larger amounts of quality FLG for industrial device applications.
Composite Fermions QED Lagrangian Density in Fractional Formulation
Authors: Al-Oqali Amer D.
Published: October 2023

Quantum electrodynamics (QED) is a highly precise and successful theory that describes the interaction between electrically charged particles and electromagnetic radiation. It is an integral part of the Standard Model of particle physics and provides a theoretical basis for explaining a wide range of physical phenomena, including the behavior of atoms, molecules, and materials. In this work, the Lagrangian density of Composite Fermions in QED has been expressed in a fractional form using the Riemann‑Liouville fractional derivative. The fractional Euler-Lagrange and fractional Hamiltonian equations, derived from the fractional form of the Lagrangian density, were also obtained. When α is set to 1, the conventional mathematical equations are restored.
Describe of Nuclear Structure for Germanium (_32^66)Ge_34) Nucleus under frame (IBM-1, GVMI and VMI) Models
Authors: Hamdi Imad A. , Aobaid Ali K.
Published: October 2023

In this paper, the interacting bosons model-1 (IBM-1), a variable moment of inertia (VMI) and generalized moment of inertia (GVMI) models were used to calculate the energy levels of the positive parity and its gamma transitions as a function of the angular momentum of even-even (_32^66Ge_34) nucleus. To determine the dynamic symmetry of this nucleus, the ratios of the energy levels (E_4^+)⁄(E_2^+ ), (E_6^+)⁄(E_2^+), and (E_8^+)⁄(E_2^+) were evaluated and compared with experimental energy values and the ideal scheme of the three dynamic symmetries SU(5), SU(3), and O(6). The current study showed that the dynamic symmetry of this nucleus is determined to be O(6) - SU(5). The intersection of the energy band and the phenomenon of back bending were also studied using the (VMI) and (GVMI) models. These consequences were compared with the experimental results, and the results obtained have been in good agreement.
The Thermoluminescence Parameters of Irradiated K-Feldspar
Authors: Mammadov Sahib , Ahadova Aybeniz , Abishov Aqshin , Ahadov Ahmad
Published: October 2023

Isothermal decay of the TL glow curve has been studied at ambient temperature. Heating of feldspar at 600ºC leads to increased sensitivity of the samples upon irradiation for the whole range of glow curve. In general, we observe a sensitivity increase of about five times. Fading of the glow curve is observed at the low-temperature part of the glow curve while it has been kept in the dark at the ambient, constant temperature. After a certain period, approximately in 40 to 50 days, the low-temperature region of the glow curve fades down while the high-temperature part remains unchanged. Peaks at the low-temperature region of the TL glow curve were isolated by the curve subtraction method. Activation energy and frequency factor parameters of the isolated peaks were calculated, taking first and second-order kinetics into account. The values of the calculated activation energy vary between 0.7 to 1.1 eV, and frequency factor values of the isolated peaks change within the order of 109 to 1013s-1. The µ values clearly indicate that all isolated peaks are more likely to be second-order kinetics.
Study of Fusion Reactions of Light Projectiles on Light and Medium Targets
Authors: Mehemed Malik S.
Published: October 2023

The fusion and breakup reactions of some light projectiles on light and medium targets using semi-classical and full quantum mechanical approaches were adopted to calculate the total cross section σfus and the distribution of the fusion barrier Dfus for the systems 12C + 48Ti, 16O+63Cu, 35Cl+25Mg and 35Cl+27Al. The coupling between the channel’s contribution from elastic and breakup channels were considered to show their importance in the calculations. The results compared with the measured data and shows reasonable matching, and it is shown that the coupling considered is very essential to be considered, especially below the Coulomb barrier Vb.
Eco-Friendly Green Synthesis and Photocatalyst Activity of Ag-ZnO Nanocomposite
Authors: Nemma Noorullah Mohammed , Sadeq Zainab Sabeeh
Published: October 2023

The study successfully synthesized Ag NPs, ZnO NPs, and Ag/ZnO nanocomposites using an easy, cost effect and sustainable green synthetic approach. The purpose of synthesizing Ag/ZnO nanocomposites using two different plant extracts was to study their photo-degradation activity on Methylene Blue (MB) dye. (XRD) diffraction analysis confirmed the presence of Ag crystalline size and the wurtzite hexagonal structure of ZnO. (FE-SEM) results indicated spherical, nanorods and there is Clustering of NPs with an irregular shape. The resulting metal/semiconductor oxide nanocomposites possessed unique photo degradation characteristics that were absent in the individual Ag NPs and ZnO NPs.
Magnetic Properties of Silicon with Paramagnetic Impurity Atoms
Authors: Zikrillayev Nurulla F. , Mavlonov Giyosiddin Kh. , Trabzon Levent , Koveshnikov Sergey V. , Kenzhaev Zoir T. , Ismailov Timur B. , Abduganiev Yoldoshali A.
Published: October 2023

One of the possible ways to obtain silicon with magnetic properties is the introduction of paramagnetic impurities into silicon: Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, and Co. In our opinion, silicon materials containing magnetic nanosized clusters are most suitable for spintronic devices. The possibility of obtaining silicon with magnetic properties by diffusion doping was studied in this work. To obtain silicon doped with Cr, Mn, Fe and Ni impurity atoms, p-type single-crystal silicon with a specific resistance of ρ = 5 Ohm·cm and ρ = 0.5 Ohm·cm was used, and for doping with Co atoms, n-type silicon with resistivity ρ=10 Ohm·cm was used. The diffusion temperature and time were chosen such that, after diffusion annealing, the samples with impurity Cr, Fe, and Mn atoms remained highly compensated p-type, and when doped with impurity Co atoms, they remained high-resistance n-type. The results of the study showed that with decreasing temperature, the value of the negative magnetoresistance Δρ/ρ in the Si samples increases and reaches its maximum value (about 800%) at T = 240 K, a further decrease in temperature leads to a decrease in the magnetoresistance, and at a temperature T = 170 K, the sign of the magnetoresistance is inverted. In Si  samples, with decreasing temperature, the positive magnetoresistance turns into a negative one, the value of which increases with decreasing temperature, and is achieved at T=100 K Δρ/ρ = 45–50%. In Si samples, with decreasing temperature, the value of negative magnetoresistance increases monotonically and at T=100 K its value is Δρ/ρ = (100÷120) %. The study in Si<Сo> samples showed that with decreasing temperature the value of positive magnetoresistance increases and at Т=100 K it reaches Δρ/ρ = (17÷20) %. The study of magnetoresistance in samples - Si showed that with decreasing temperature the value of positive magnetoresistance increases and at T=100 K it reaches Δρ/ρ = (10÷15) %. When studying the magnetic properties of p-Si  samples at low temperatures (below T=30 K), a ferromagnetic state was found, i.e. succeeded in obtaining a magnetic semiconductor material by the method of diffusion of a paramagnetic impurity. In the overcompensated Si  (n‑type) samples, no magnetic hysteresis was found. This shows a significant effect on the magnetic properties of the manganese impurity in silicon of its charge and, accordingly, spin state. Based on the results obtained, it can be argued that diffusion doping of silicon with manganese can be used to obtain silicon with magnetic properties.
Investigating the Impact of Varying Quantities of TiO2 Nanoparticles on the Anti-Corrosive Characteristics of TiO2-Epoxy Nanocomposite Coatings
Authors: Dawood Ahmed Ibrahim , Abdullah Ahmed Qasim
Published: October 2023

Prepared were pills coated with TiO2-epoxy nanocomposites, and their anti-corrosive properties were studied by examining the impact of varying amounts of TiO2 nanoparticles in the epoxy resin. The anti-corrosive characteristics of pills were investigated employing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Based on the EIS results, the sample containing 0.01 mg of TiO2 demonstrated the highest impedance value, indicating superior corrosion resistance and better anti-corrosion properties than the other samples. Also, this sample has the lowest corrosion current density among the all samples, with a value of 1.329E-07 mA/cm2, which shows that this sample has the best corrosion resistance and a slower rate of corrosion compared to the other samples.
SCAPS Numerical Analysis of Graphene Oxide /TiO2 Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cell Sensitized byN719 Ruthenium Dye
Authors: Al Dmour Hmoud
Published: October 2023

Solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells (SSDSC) have been fabricated using two different metal oxide materials, graphene oxide and titanium oxide, are used as hole and electron transport materials, respectively. The N719 dye ruthenium between the hole and electron transport materials to act as an absorber layer in your Go/N719dye/TiO2 solar cells. Through the SCAPS-1D simulation, it was found that the Go/N719dye/TiO2 solar cells have significantly improved the performance of the solar cells compared to the Go/TiO2 solar cells. Specifically, the short circuit current (Jsc) has increased from 0.17 mA/cm2 to 1 mA/cm2, the open circuit voltage (Voc) has increased from 0.2 V to 1 V, and the power conversion efficiency (η) has increased from 0.02% to  2.5%. Additionally, Various factors that can affect the performance of Go/N719 dye/TiO2 solar cells. It was found that the optimal dye thickness for achieving high short circuit current density, high power conversion efficiency, and high open circuit voltage is between 200nm and 300nm. Furthermore, the operating temperature of the solar cells also affects their performance. Increasing the operating temperature negatively affects the open circuit voltage and power conversion efficiency of the cells, while the short circuit current density is slightly enhanced. Finally, the efficiency of a solar cell can be affected by the type of metal used for the electrode and the type of semiconductor material used in the cell.  In  Ni and Cu electrodes solar cells ohmic contacts allow for efficient transfer of electrons, whereas Schottky barriers can impede electron flow and reduce efficiency in Mo and Ag electrodes  solar cells .
The Effectiveness of Using Comic Strips Toward Students' Reading Comprehension on Narrative Text
Authors: Ahmad Pasha Syiami , Ma’rifatulloh Sayid
Published: October 2023

The objective of this study was to examine the potential impact of Comic Strips on the reading comprehension skills of eighth-grade students at Mulia Insani Junior High School in Loa, Bandung-West Java. This study employed a pre-experimental research design, specifically utilizing a pre-test and post-test design. The sample methodology employed in this study was purposive sampling. The research was conducted on the VIII B class at Mulia Insani Junior High School during the academic year 2022/2023. The data was collected by the administration of a reading exam in a multiple-choice format. Next, the obtained data was subjected to analysis using the paired sample t-test. There were a total of four meetings, with two meetings dedicated to therapy and the remaining two meetings allocated for pretest and posttest purposes. The findings of the study indicate a notable impact of using comic strips as a post-treatment intervention, as seen by the observed increase in post-test scores. According to the findings, the average score of the posttest was 87.41, whereas the average score of the pretest was 39.67. Additionally, according to the results of the paired sample t-test, the two-tailed significance value (sig) was found to be 0.000, which is below the conventional threshold of 0.05. The study of the paired sample t-test yielded statistically significant results. Hence, this study provides evidence that the utilization of comic strips has a notable impact on the reading comprehension of students, particularly in relation to narrative material. The research was conducted in the VIII B class at Mulia Insani Islamic Junior High School in Loa, Bandung-West Java.
Responsabilidad Social en el Contexto del Covid-19 de la Universidad Católica de Cuenca Extensión Cañar
Authors: Tapia Nivelo Isabel , Ruiz Alvarado Priscila Isabel
Published: October 2023

La pandemia causada por el COVID-19, provocó un gran desequilibrio en la educación, economía y salud, frente a esta problemática, el objetivo de este trabajo es investigar sobre la Responsabilidad Social en el Contexto del COVID-19 de la Universidad Católica de Cuenca Extensión Cañar, para conocer las políticas implementadas, en el escenario de la pandemia por la Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Extensión Cañar. El estudio tiene un enfoque mixto utilizando métodos tanto de la investigación cuantitativa como cualitativa, con un alcance descriptivo y transversal, orientado a recolectar información de profesores, estudiantes y personal administrativo de la entidad. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la pandemia causada por el SARS-CoV-2 tuvo diversos impactos en sus actores como el cambio en la modalidad de estudios. La universidad es un actor clave en la formación de futuros profesionales capaces de alcanzar las metas propuestas con la guía de sus profesores, contribuyendo significativamente a la solución de los diferentes problemas que aquejan a la sociedad en general y que deben ser percibidos a través de la identificación de las necesidades sociales, económicas, medioambientales, políticas y de bienestar que necesitan ser atendidas.
La pandemia causada por el COVID-19, provocó un gran desequilibrio en la educación, economía y salud, frente a esta problemática, el objetivo de este trabajo es investigar sobre la Responsabilidad Social en el Contexto del COVID-19 de la Universidad Católica de Cuenca Extensión Cañar, para conocer las políticas implementadas, en el escenario de la pandemia por la Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Extensión Cañar.  Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la pandemia causada por el SARS-CoV-2 tuvo diversos impactos en sus actores como el cambio en la modalidad de estudios.
Pre-planting treatment of potato tubers with biopreparations in conditions of Central Yakutia
Authors: Sleptsova T. V. , Neustroev M. P.
Published: October 2023

The results of the study of the influence of pre-planting treatment of tubers with biopreparations based on Bacillus subtilis bacterial strains on the growth, photosynthetic activity of plants, disease damage and yield of the Yakutyanka potato variety under the conditions of Central Yakutia are presented. The experiment scheme included control (tubers without treatment), treatment of the tubers before planting with the biofungicide Phytosporin-M and the suspension of an equal ratio of B. subtilis TNP-3 and B. subtilis TNP-5 bacterial strains isolated from permafrost soils of Yakutia. It was found that treatment of tubers before planting with biopreparations accelerated sprouting by 2-4 days, increased biomass and photosynthetic activity of the plants (by 6-19%), the number (11) and weight (48–57%) of tubers, reduced the damage of the plants by a complex of diseases by 1.8–2.9 times and increased the yield by 7.4–8.8 t/ha (54–64%). The share of biopreparation influence in the variability of economically valuable indicators and yield was shown to be 45–96%, weather conditions 1–38%, factor interaction 1–11%. Significant positive correlation of the yield, number and weight of the tubers with the height, number and weight of the plants, leaf area, photosynthetic potential (r = 0.81...0.98), and negative correlation with rhizoctonia disease, potato scab, and common mosaic (r = –0.80...–0.96) were revealed. There was an inverse relationship between disease prevalence and indices of plant growth and photosynthetic activity (r = –0.33...–0.96). Damage by potato scab and rhizoctonia disease increases 1.4–1.8 times in arid conditions, while blackleg, rugose and common mosaic damage decreases 1.6–2.5 times. Regression equations were calculated, which allow to predict leaf area, photosynthetic potential and yield by plant mass promptly and with high accuracy (R2 = 0.85...0.95). When the bush weight in the flowering phase increased by 100 g, the leaf area of the plants increased by 2.3 thousand m2/ha, photosynthetic potential during the growing season by 120 thousand m2 · day/ha, and the yield by 9.7 t/ha. The difference between actual and calculated values amounted to 2.7–4.7%.
A Retrospect of Antiquity While Proclaiming Peter I the Father of His Homeland, Emperor, and Great
Authors: Dementyeva V. V.
Published: October 2023

This article analyzes the references to Antiquity in “The Petition of the Senators to Tsar Peter I for the Adoption of the Title of Peter the Great, the Father of His Homeland and the Emperor of All Russians” (on October 21/22, 1721) and in “The Speech Written and Delivered by Peter I at the Old Trinity Cathedral of St. Petersburg after He Had Read Out the Peace Treaty with Sweden” (on October 22, 1721), when he adopted the above titles). The Latin spellings of these titles in the texts of the 1720s were examined (based on the published version of A.F. Sigismundi’s speech on signing the Treaty of Nystad). The retrospective look of the contemporaries of the studied events at the history of Antiquity was discussed: particular attention was paid to the historical ideas about the ancient Roman state expressed by P.N. Kriokshin, an associate of Peter I, along with his views on the Slavic–Russian history. The commitment to the values of ancient societies (heroic service to the Homeland, patriotism, valor, and courage) along with the political focus on the image of the Roman state strengthened the socioideological background of the Russian statehood. In was concluded that the great figures who shaped the Russian empire in the 18th century were concerned, consciously and purposefully, with providing additional stability to the whole system and thus relied on the past experience of Antiquity.
M. Gorky’s correspondence with Kazan children
Authors: Kudrina E.
Published: October 2023

This article honors M. Gorky, the renowned proletarian writer, and considers his correspondence with Kazan schoolchildren and students of the Kazan Technical Plant in the 1920s and 1930s. So far, these letters have received little attention from researchers, but their value for raising young Soviet citizens in line with the new trends of Soviet education and state ideology is undeniable. Here, M. Gorky’s epistolary heritage and journalistic statements are analyzed, and 12 letters written to him by Kazan children are studied. The letters are available in the A.M. Gorky Archive of the A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences (AG IWL RAS) and introduced for the first time into the scholarly discourse. The analysis shows that M. Gorky was always considerate and thoughtful towards his young addressees so that he became a mentor to the younger Soviet generation. The survey reveals that the children’s letters have a rich informational and source potential. They provide a better insight into the psychological and social image of the Soviet people in the 1920s and 1930s. The results obtained are relevant to future studies on the epistolary and journalistic heritage of M. Gorky and add considerably to our understanding of the historical and literary process of that epoch. The epistolary materials involved in the study should be of interest to anyone curious about the Soviet period.
TERCEME-İ ŞERHU’L-‘UYÛN FÎ ŞERH-İ RİSÂLE-İ İBN ZEYDÛN
Authors: TUĞLUK İbrahim Halil , MENTEŞ Dr. Jale Zümrüt
Published: October 2023

Hezliyat türü Dünya edebiyatının yanı sıra Doğu edebiyatında ve İslam âleminde tarihî süreç içinde önemli bir tür olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Hezliyyât kelimesi şaka, mizâh manasında Arapça hezl kökünden türemiştir. Hezliyyât ciddi mevzuların mizahî bir üslûpla ele alındığı bir türdür. Arap, Fars ve Türk edebiyatında bu türde kaleme alınmış birçok eser vardır. Bu eserlerin ortaya konması hem türün gelişimini tespit etmek hem de düşünce ve estetik etkilenmeler açısından önemlidir. Bu eserlerden biri de İbn Zeydûn’un er-Risâletü’l-Hezliyye risâlesidir. İbn Zeydûn, er-Risâletü’l-Hezliyye risâlesini Vezir Âmir b. İbn Abdûs’a hitaben sevgilisi Vellâde’nin ağzından alaycı bir dille kaleme almıştır.

Memlükler döneminin önemli âlim ve ediplerinden olan İbn Nübâte el-Mısrî, Endülüs edebiyatına küçük yaşlarda ilgi duymaya başlamış ve Endülüs edebiyatıyla ilgili ürünler ortaya koymuştur. Şerhu’l-‘uyûn isimli eserinde İbn Nübâte, Endülüslü şair İbn Zeydûn’un yazdığı hezliyyât türü risâleyi şerh etmiştir.

Karahalil-zâde diye anılan Mehmed Said Efendi, İbn Zeydûn’un risâlesini İbn Nübâte el-Mısrî’nin yaptığı şerhin tercümesi olan Terceme-i Şerhu’l-‘Uyûn Fî Şerh-i Risâle-i İbn Zeydûn’u Türkçeye tercüme etmiştir. Bu çalışmada Terceme-i Şerhu’l-‘Uyûn Fî Şerh-i Risâle-i İbn Zeydûn adlı eserin tanıtımı yapılmış, eser, tür muhteva ve dil açısından incelenmiştir. Eserde Klâsik Türk edebiyatındaki şerh geleneği ve hezlden bahsedildikten sonra sonra İbn Zeydûn’un, İbn Nübâte’nin ve Mehmed Said Efendi’nin hayatına yer verilmiştir.
Self-reported occupational exposure and its association with sperm DNA fragmentation in infertile men
Authors: Caliskan Zeynep , Kucukgergin Canan , Aktan Gulsan , Bulut Nurgul , Ozdemirler Gul
Published: October 2023

Background/Aim: Sperm quality has experienced a decline in recent years, with this issue being particularly pronounced in industrialized nations, suggesting a potential link to occupational exposures. Evaluating sperm DNA fragmentation can yield valuable insights into male fertility, although its association with occupational exposures remains less well-established. Our study aimed to investigate the relationship between self-reported occupational exposures and sperm DNA fragmentation in infertile men.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study involved 391 infertile men who sought fertility treatment at a university clinic between 2017 and 2020. A brief questionnaire was administered to collect data on patients’ demographic characteristics, medical history, occupation, and exposure types. In this comparative study, patients were categorized into two groups based on their occupational exposures (the unexposed and exposed groups). The exposed group was further sub-grouped according to their specific exposure types, which included cement, solvents, metals, pesticides, mechanical vibration, and heat. The primary outcome in this study was assessed using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end-labeling test (TUNEL), with results expressed as the sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI).
Results: Patients in the exposed group exhibited a significantly higher sperm DFI compared to those in the unexposed group (14 [17] vs. 8 [9], P<0.001). After accounting for potential confounding factors, our results demonstrated that several occupational exposure factors significantly increased the risk of elevated sperm DFI (>15%) levels, including solvents (odds ratio (OR)=8.2, 95% confidence interval (CI)=3.6–18.5, P<0.001), metals (OR=2.2, 95% CI=1.0–4.7, P=0.048), pesticides (OR=14.6, 95% CI=1.6–130.7, P=0.016), mechanical vibration (OR=2.6, 95% CI=1.5–4.6, P<0.001), and heat (OR=6.4, 95% CI=1.7–23.5, P=0.005).
Conclusion: The findings of our study corroborate earlier research suggesting that occupational exposures may have adverse effects on sperm DNA fragmentation in men. The identification and management of such exposures as part of routine clinical practice could offer a complementary approach to enhancing infertility treatment outcomes.
Türkische Migrantenbilder in den Büchern von Aras Ören
Authors: BALKAYA Şengül
Published: October 2023

Es ist eine bekannte Tatsache, dass Kultur als Lebensweise einer Gesellschaft die Merkmale dieser Gesellschaft beeinflusst, zu der sie gehört. Diese kulturellen Merkmale spiegeln sich in den literarischen Werken der jeweiligen Zeit wider und bieten den Lesern Informationen, Unterhaltung, neue und verschiedene Ansichten sowie historische, gesellschaftliche und soziale Fakten aus der Perspektive des Schriftstellers über die Sprache. Es ist auch bekannt, dass Schriftsteller dem Leser Bilder von verschiedenen Objekten, Ereignissen, Phänomenen und Eindrücken vermitteln, basierend auf ihrer eigenen Wahrnehmung und Interpretation. In literarischen Werken sind Bilder aufgrund ihrer Reflektion von historischen, sozialen und kulturellen Elementen der Gesellschaft von großer Bedeutung. Die Migrantenliteratur, die in den 60er Jahren mit der Migration der Türken nach Deutschland begann, hat Werke hervorgebracht, die Spuren von historischen, sozialen und kulturellen Elementen aus der Türkei und Deutschland tragen. Diese Werke zeugen von der Vergangenheit. Aras Ören, ein Schriftsteller der ersten Generation der Migrantenliteratur, gehört zu den ersten Schriftstellern, die nach Deutschland ausgewandert sind, und er lebt immer noch in Deutschland. Daher spielen seine Werke eine wichtige Rolle bei der Darstellung der Merkmale beider Kulturen, der Kulturkonflikte und insbesondere der Geschichte und Gegenwart der türkischen Migranten in Deutschland. In dieser Arbeit wird beabsichtigt, die Bilder der Türken in Deutschland in den Werken von Ören auf einer longitudinalen Ebene zu untersuchen. Darüber hinaus zielt sie darauf ab, die Frage zu beantworten, wie Türken von Deutschen wahrgenommen werden und wie Türken Deutsche wahrnehmen, unter Verwendung einer leserzentrierten Analysetechnik. Zu diesem Zweck werden direkte Zitate aus den Werken verwendet, um Bilder von sozialen, historischen und gesellschaftlichen Fakten zu präsentieren, die in den Werken dargestellt werden.
Bakara Sûresinin 195. âyetini infak ve ihsan bağlamında yeniden düşünmek
Authors: ÇALIŞKAN Mehmet
Published: October 2023

İslâm, insanın günlük yaşantısıyla ilgili birebir esasları ortaya koyar. Bunun için Hz. Muhammed’in risaletiyle öncekilerin haberi ve sonrakilerin hükmü olan tüm dini hakikatleri içinde toplayan Kur’ân gönderilmiştir. Kur’ân, insanın dünyaya gönderiliş gayesini “kimin daha güzel amel yapacağının imtihan edilmesi” olarak belirtmektedir. Kur’ân, insanın fıtratına konmuş olan iyiliğin vahiy ve akıl dengesi içinde geliştirilmesini ister. Bu yaşayış, insanın doğrular peşinde koşmasını ferdi ve toplumsal görevlerini bir ibadet şuuru içinde yapmasını gerektirir. Allâh Teâlâ’nın kulundan istediği kendisini tanıyıp, Peygamberinin getirdikleri doğrultusunda ahlâkî bir ortam içinde yaşaması ve yine Allâh Teâlâ’nın verdiği nimetleri O’nun rızası doğrultusunda kullanmasıdır. Aksi halde kendisine verilen mal mülk ve diğer nimetlerin onun için bir zarar olarak dönebileceği hatırlatılmıştır. Dünya hayatının gereklerine uymak müminin görevidir. Doğruları anlatırken karşısına çıkacak insanlar olacaktır. Onlarla mal ve canla mücahede etmek de onun sorumluluğundadır. Üzerinde görüş beyan etmeye çalışacağımız “Allah yolunda harcayın. Kendi ellerinizle kendinizi tehlikeye atmayın. Yaptığınızı güzel yapın. Allah güzel yapanları sever” (2/195) âyeti iyilik yolunda malı harcamaya teşvik ile başlıyor, yine iyilik yapanların Allah’ın sevgisini kazanacağı belirtilerek sona ermektedir. Âyetin öncesinde sulh ayları olarak bilinen haram aylardan bahsedilmiştir. Âyetin akışından anlaşılan, sulh ortamına güvenerek düşmanlara karşı hazırlıkların ihmal edilmemesidir. Önceki âyetlerde savaştan bahsedildiği için, haliyle bu âyet de savaşla irtibatlandırılmıştır. Âyetteki tehlike ifadesi, düşmanların ani baskın yapmaları sonucunda tüm toplumun bu baskından zarar göreceğinin hatırlatılmasıdır. Bu çalışma, ilgili âyetin sağlığımızı korumaya yönelik mesajının yanında, esas olarak Müslümanların canını, malını ve yurdunu korumak için her zaman hazırlıklı olmalarına ve bu yönde toplumsal yardımlaşma ve dayanışma içinde bulunmalarına yönelik hedeflerin tespitini amaçlamaktadır.
Türkçe ve Gürcücenin Yabancı Dil Olarak Öğretiminde Zoonimler
Authors: ABUKAN Memet , AKHVLEDİANİ Zeinab
Published: October 2023

Ulusun kültürel kazanımlarının uluslararası paylaşımı dil öğretimi ya da çeviri yoluyla sağlanır. Öğretici ve çevirmenlerin, metni dil sistemi aracılığıyla alıcı dile aktarma işlevi, milletlerin manevi dünyalarını birbirine bağlayan kültürel resim aracılığıyla yapılır. Kültürlerarası yanlış anlaşılmaları önlemek için alıcı dil ekibi, milletin zihninde yerleşik olan kültürel alanı doğru algılamalıdır. Toplumun kültürel belleğine erişmenin zor olduğu bir görevde çevirmene, özü ve amacı dile kavramsal bir yaklaşım olan ve kültürel değerlerin iletilmesini sağlayan özel sözlükler yardımcı olur. Bu tarz sözlüklerde sözcüğün anlambiliminin yanı sıra, sözlükbilimcinin tarihin belirli bir döneminde, belirli bir dil topluluğunun yaşamını kapsamasına izin veren duygusal-zihinsel çağrışımı da verilir. Çevirmen/öğretici tarafından kaynağını yerli, edebi geleneklerinden alan dilin değişmezliğinin sağlanması, yazarın milli ruhunun nasıl korunacağı, belirli bir karakterin gözünden görülen dünyayı verilen dil içindeki farklı gerçeklikleri nasıl algılamalı konusunu da göz önünde bulundurması gerekir. Bu bağlamda dilin kültürel yaşamının aynası olan kültürdilbilim sözlüklerin de önemi büyüktür. Bu sözlükler milli kültürün tarihsel değişikliklerine odaklanarak olayların anlamları ve toplumsal tabakanın temsilcilerinin karakteristik özelliklerini tanımlar, belli bir çağda stereotiplerin ortaya çıkmasının nedenleri hakkında araştırmacılara bir fikir verir. Bu bağlamda kültürdilbilim sözlüklerin inceleme alanlarından biri de zoonimlerdir. Hayvanların dildeki kullanımını kültürel adlandırmalar, tarihi süreçler bağlamında inceleyen bu disiplinle kültürel ve kavramsal başta olmak üzere pek çok analiz yapılır. Nitekim yapılan çalışmada da "Rus Kültür Alanı" adlı sözlük temel alınarak Türkçenin ve Gürcücenin yabancı dil olarak öğretimine katkı sunma, çevirmenlere bir fikir verebilme amacına yönelik iki dildeki bazı zoonimlerin benzerlik ve farklıklarının neler olduğunun anlaşılmasına çalışılmıştır. Olgu bilim deseninden yararlanılan çalışmada zoonimlerin iki dildeki karşılıklarına yönelik benzer ve farklı pek çok sonuca ulaşılmıştır.
A vegetarian ecofeminist reading of Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein
Authors: NAZLIPINAR SUBAŞI Muzaffer Derya , DEMİR Berrin
Published: October 2023

From 1818 to the present day, over 200 years, Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein has been the source of inspiration for a myriad of works ranging from scholarly articles and books to films and cartoons. Receiving a great amount of attention from many critics from various fields, the novel has been analyzed in detail by considering different perspectives and theories. However, the theme of vegetarianism and its relation to feminism has nearly remained untouched. The main reason for this drawback is that the link between vegetarianism and feminism, which bases its argument on the theories of ecofeminism that emerged in the early 1980s, is still little known and researched. For vegetarian ecofeminists, all forms of oppression are formed and spread through the dictations of phallocentric systems arrogating the hierarchical binaries. Within this dualistic logic perpetuating and organizing all dichotomous couples, not just women but nature, and animals are also exposed to violence and humiliation. Looking through feminist-vegetarian perspectives, the starting point of this established hegemony is the mistreatment imposed on ‘nonhu(man)’ animals, whereby this speciesism leads to many other forms of oppression and violence for the passivized others. Therefore, considering these current issues and analyzing Frankenstein within the framework of vegetarian ecofeminism, the principal contention of this study is to prove that women’s getting rid of oppression, injustice and humiliation is closely related to realizing and ending the inhumane treatment against animals and nature. Only then it will be viable to ensure welcoming ties between the experiences of vegetarians and ecofeminists and to establish an all-encompassing structure for all living creatures.
Shifting from Post-Truth to Truth in Jonathan Lichtenstein’s The Pull of Negative Gravity
Authors: ÇAĞAN Güven
Published: October 2023

The concept of post-truth, popularised especially in 2016, exerts its influence across various areas from everyday life to diplomatic relations. Although its use and examination have notably increased in the last decade, the concept was used in the early years of the twenty-first century. For instance, during the 2003 Iraq War, both politicians and the ordinary public as well used this concept and produced both pro-war and anti-war post-truth discourses. Additionally, playwrights have represented post-truth discourses in their plays, both challenging prevailing political discourses and conveying their own messages through theatrical productions. One of these works, which scrutinise the post-truth discourses regarding the Iraq War, is Jonathan Lichtenstein’s play The Pull of Negative Gravity staged at the Traverse Theatre in Edinburgh in 2004 and published by Nick Hern Books in the same year. The play deals with the financial, familial and psychological difficulties of a Welsh farming family who sends one of their members to the Iraq War. The soldier’s experience of war and military service is glorified through post-truth narratives prior to his return from Iraq. However, upon his paralysed return from the war, the family members are compelled to face the undeniable realities, and all those positive discourses are replaced by factual truths. Thus, the play conveys to its audience/reader the message that emotionally-charged post- truth imaginations can be challenged through visible and objective realities. Considering such. Considering such viewpoints, the objective of this article is to examine both how Lichtenstein’s play unveils the post-truth discourses in the society concerning the Iraq War, and the strategy it follows to contend with such discourses.
Under the shade of colonialism: Mary Kingsley and her Travels in West Africa
Authors: BEKLER Ecevit
Published: October 2023

Texts are not independent entities that are detached from their social, ideological, economic and cultural background. They are shaped by their authors who are affected by the discourse of their times. Thus, they make valuable sources in getting more information about social, political, and economic conditions of their periods. Mary Kingsley’s Travels in West Africa, as a part of colonial discourse, reflects the colonial world at the end of the Victorian period, which was rich in literature. This was a period during which British Imperialism reaches at its peak and leads to the saying, “the empire on which the sun never sets”. Travels in West Africa, as a travel narrative, serves the interests of the colonizing powers by describing the lives of the natives in West Africa and their lands sometimes using wry humour, unlike some other contemporary fictional works that depict a savage and brutal Africa as the dark continent. Michel Foucault’s theories regarding discourse and power have been used to understand the ideological formations and power relations in the mentioned travel account in the second half of the nineteenth century. Kingsley’s female narrative, with its representation of Africa, echoes the superiority of the white over the black through an embedded ideology in text.
The emphasis of patriotism and independence through a political and religious lens: A new historical reading of the selected national anthems
Authors: TOPCU Nihal
Published: October 2023

This paper fundamentally delves into how patriotism and independence are emphasised in the selected national anthems through a political and religious lens in the light of the New Historicism. In this regard, four national anthems from the Western and Eastern countries acknowledged to have assumed the role of the coloniser or colonised in recorded history are selected for the analysis in this study: The United Kingdom’s God Save the Queen, France’s The Song of Marseille, Chad’s The Song of Chad, and Nigeria’s Arise, O Compatriots. This paper, therefore, addresses how national anthems share a significant political as well as religious role to influence and even shape their history by activating their societies’ love for their own countries and hunger for independence. Accordingly, the Introduction of this paper gives a general outline of the perspectives towards the national anthems and the New Historicism. This study, furthermore, provides the reflections of these perspectives on the British, French, Chadian, and Nigerian national anthems by displaying the dynamic interplay between the national anthems and the history itself thanks to the application of the New Historicism. In Conclusion, this paper reveals not only the similarities but also the differences of the selected national anthems with respect to their emphasis of patriotism and independence through a political and religious lens, alongside the New Historicist approach.
Processing Wh-dependencies in L2 English by L1 Turkish and Spanish Speakers: Island Constraints and that-trace Effect
Authors: CELE Filiz
Published: October 2023

This study investigates whether advanced L2 speakers exhibit comparable sensitivity to island constraints and the that-trace effect as L1 speakers during real-time processing of long distance grammatical and ungrammatical wh-extractions in English. L1 Spanish, Turkish, and English speakers participated in an online grammaticality judgment task (GJT) featuring five types of wh-extractions with island and that-trace violations, presented in full-sentence and self-paced reading conditions. Findings reveal distinctions between L2 learners and native speakers in accuracy and response times, particularly in subject extractions from non-finite clauses and that-trace violations. However, subject-object asymmetry was consistent across groups, suggesting shared processing patterns. L2 learners showed sensitivity to island constraints, paralleling native speakers. L1 influence varied, with no significant discrepancy between Spanish and Turkish groups. Turkish learners' success in grammatical wh-extractions may stem from overt movement via scrambling and universal grammar availability, whereas Spanish participants displayed nuanced L1 influence on ungrammatical wh-extractions with that-trace violations.