bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Synthesis Route on Composition and Main Properties of Mullite Ceramics Based on Waste
Authors: Badanoiu Alina-Ioana , Stoleriu Stefania-Paula , Carocea Alexandru-Cosmin , Eftimie Mihai-Alexandru , Trusca Roxana
Published: February 2025

Mullite, 3Al2O3·2SiO2, is a material with excellent thermal and mechanical properties. Two types of waste sand, rich in impurities, were employed as precursors for mullite ceramic synthesis. Two different synthesis routes were used: (i) solid-state reactions involving a sand and bauxite mixture, and (ii) precipitation synthesis, where alumina was deposited on sand particle surfaces; the sintering process was performed at temperatures ranging from 1300 °C to 1400 °C. Mullite was obtained as the main phase when the ceramics were obtained by solid-state reactions opposite to the second method, in which a composite ceramic with a specific microstructure, i.e., sand particles embedded in a matrix formed by alumina crystals, was assessed by electronic microscopy. The main properties, i.e., the apparent density, open porosity, compressive strength and thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) of the obtained materials were influenced by the composition and microstructure as well as the sintering temperature. The ceramics in which mullite was the main phase had slightly lower CTE’s and did not exhibit any phase transition in the 20–900 °C range. The results presented in this article highlight the importance of the synthesis route correlated with the nature of the precursors, the type and amount of impurities and the sintering temperature.
Influence of Aggregate Composition on the Properties of Recycled Concrete and Improving Performance Using Special Additives
Authors: Banyai Kitti , Czoboly Oliver , Menyhart Krisztian , Orban Zoltan
Published: February 2025

The principles of the circular economy and the effective utilization of construction and demolition waste are becoming increasingly important, as evidenced by a growing body of research in this field. However, studies focusing on the waterproofing properties and setting times of recycled concrete derived from various construction and demolition waste sources remain scarce. This research investigates the characteristics of recycled aggregates from different origins and explores how these characteristics influence the properties of concrete. The study examines the effects of pre-soaking aggregates to saturation, the incorporation of water absorption-reducing additives, and the ratio of recycled aggregates to natural aggregates on the properties of both fresh and hardened concrete. Laboratory tests were conducted on crushed recycled concrete aggregates (RCA), confirming that concrete produced with recycled aggregates can meet standard requirements for compressive strength and water resistance exposure classes despite the recycled aggregates themselves not meeting the required standards. The results were used to calculate an effective water–cement ratio and establish a correlation between this ratio and compressive strength. The findings indicated that the compressive strength of mixtures approached, and in most instances exceeded, that of the reference concrete utilizing natural aggregates. Specifically, the reference concrete (REF-1) achieved a compressive strength value of 51.4 MPa after 28 days, whereas the 30% recycled mixture (REC-10), made from pure concrete demolition waste, produced a compressive strength of 62.7 MPa. The maximum water penetration depth of the REC-10 mixture was measured at 11 mm, in comparison to 15 mm for the reference mixture (REF-1). Additionally, the initial setting time of the mixtures incorporating special additives reached the 80 min threshold. The practical aspects of this research examined potential industrial applications that do not necessitate special aggregate treatments, thus maintaining the water–cement ratio within acceptable limits. This study evaluates the feasibility of utilizing recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) from construction waste to produce concrete that satisfies the standard requirements for compressive strength and water resistance. It assesses the impact of RCA on performance, provides industrial insights, and suggests potential regulatory revisions.
Influence of Length-to-Diameter Ratio on Static and Dynamic Behavior of Rocks: A Review and Perspective
Authors: Peng Kang , Bai Yansong , Luo Song , Luo Kun , He Haoyu , Xi Ze
Published: February 2025

The size effect in rock mechanics has long been a challenging issue, with the length-to-diameter (L/D) ratio emerging as a critical factor that has received substantial attention. Understanding the L/D ratio effect is essential for ensuring the accuracy and reliability of laboratory tests. This paper presents a comprehensive review of studies on the L/D ratio effect in rocks, examining its influence on static and dynamic mechanical behavior. The analysis encompasses the effects of specimen L/D ratio on rock mechanical properties, energy characteristics, and failure modes, integrating the findings from theoretical research and experimental studies. The results reveal that the L/D ratio effect varies significantly under different external loading conditions. Despite extensive research, the mechanisms underlying the L/D ratio effect remain ambiguous, and a unified conclusion has yet to be reached. This review highlights the importance of selecting appropriate specimen dimensions for laboratory tests and emphasizes the need for further investigation into the L/D ratio effect to advance the understanding of rock mechanics.
Working Characteristics of the Scroll Expander for Residual Pressure Recovery in Microscale Gas Pipeline Networks
Authors: Mao Yanqin , Cai Liang , Chertovskih Roman , Ji Jiahong , Su Shen
Published: February 2025

A widespread distribution of gas-regulating stations creates challenges in energy recovery during pressure reduction. This study employs a scroll expander as a central mechanism to enhance the efficiency of residual gas pressure recovery, demonstrating its adaptability. We conducted experimental tests on its power generation capabilities and numerically studied the expansion characteristics. Our results indicate significant improvements as the inlet pressure was increased from 85 kPa to 375 kPa: the generator speed increased from 1238 rpm to 4615 rpm, the power output increased from 9.64 W to 165.48 W, and the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet flows changed from 5.41 K to 27.3 K. Turbulent dissipative and wall friction were identified as primary contributors to the energy loss, overcoming the temperature and viscosity loss, and increasing together with the radial and axial clearances. A comparative analysis of scroll designs reveals that the scrolls modified with higher order and arc curves display a reduced torque compared with the traditional circular involutes, and more scrolls are beneficial for handling high-pressure gas. These findings offer insights into scroll expander design, enhancing the energy efficiency of microscale gas residual pressure recovery systems.
Research on Pressure Control of Hydraulic System for Pump Controlled Anchor Drilling Machine Based on Variable Universe Fuzzy PID Algorithm
Authors: Yan Zheng , Tang Guangwei , Gao Youshan
Published: February 2025

To address significant pressure fluctuations in anchor drilling machine systems during the drilling and anchoring support of complex coal roadway surrounding rock, a variable universe fuzzy PID control strategy was proposed to regulate the speed of the servo motor. Additionally, a pump-controlled pressure approach was introduced to further reduce throttling losses and energy consumption. To validate the proposed algorithm, disturbances were simulated by adjusting the opening size of a three-position four-way0020proportional directional valve. A co-simulation model was first established using AMESIM 2020.1 and SIMULINK R2022a software, followed by experimental verification and comparison with conventional PID control. The experimental results demonstrated that when the system pressure signal was set to a constant value, the proposed algorithm reduced the pressure error by approximately 36.5% compared to PID control. For step pressure inputs, the algorithm decreased the response time and overshoot by 6.8–8.2% and 10.3–16.2%, respectively, under different valve openings. Furthermore, when the system pressure followed various sinusoidal signals, the proposed algorithm exhibited lower pressure error and faster response times than PID control. This study provides theoretical and experimental references for maintaining stable pressure during the operation of anchor drilling machines, offering an efficient and reliable control solution for complex drilling environments.
Bayesian Estimation of the Stress–Strength Parameter for Bivariate Normal Distribution Under an Updated Type-II Hybrid Censoring
Authors: Lin Yu-Jau , Lio Yuhlong , Tsai Tzong-Ru
Published: February 2025

To save time and cost for a parameter inference, the type-II hybrid censoring scheme has been broadly applied to collect one-component samples. In the current study, one of the essential parameters for comparing two distributions, that is, the stress–strength probability δ=Pr(X<Y), is investigated under a new proposed type-II hybrid censoring scheme that generates the type-II hybrid censored two-component sample from the bivariate normal distribution. The difficult issues occurred from extending the one-component type-II hybrid censored sample to a two-component type-II hybrid censored sample are keeping useful information from both components and the establishment of the corresponding likelihood function. To conquer these two drawbacks, the proposed type-II hybrid censoring scheme is addressed as follows. The observed values of the first component, X, of data pairs (X,Y) are recorded up to a random time τ=max{Xr:n,T}, where Xr:n is the rth ordered statistic among n items with r<n as two pre-specified positive integers and T is a pre-determined experimental time. The observed value from the other component variable Y is recorded only if it is the counterpart of X and also observed before time τ; otherwise, it is denoted as occurred or not at τ. Under the new proposed scheme, the likelihood function of the new bivariate censored data is derived to include the factors of double improper integrals to cover all possible cases without the loss of data information where any component is unobserved. A Monte Carlo Markov chain (MCMC) method is applied to find the Bayesian estimate of the bivariate distribution model parameters and the stress–strength probability, δ. An extensive simulation study is conducted to demonstrate the performance of the developed methods. Finally, the proposed methodologies are applied to a type-II hybrid censored sample generated from a bivariate normal distribution.
Calculation and Analysis of Petri Net Reachability Graphs by a Think-Globally-Act-Locally Method
Authors: Li Chengzong , Jin Fubao , Chen Yufeng , Li Zhiwu , Uzam Murat , Ma Huimin
Published: February 2025

A think-globally-act-locally (TGAL) technique is proven to be an effective method to address the state explosion issue for complex discrete event systems modeled with Petri nets. This paper introduces a TGAL-based method for computing and analyzing the reachability graph (RG) of Petri net models. Given a net system, the TGAL technique strategically introduces a global idle place (GIP) to iteratively generate its RG by updating the token count. At each step, the reachable markings (RMs) and legal markings (LMs) obtained by the previous iterations are considered to calculate the corresponding states of the current step. According to the enforced control requirement, a system state is required to be computed and classified only once during an iterative process. This method only calculates the necessary number of RMs and reduces computational redundancy, which minimizes the computational cost. Four typical Petri net models from existing studies are employed to demonstrate the method.
Exponential Bounds for the Density of the Law of the Solution of an SDE with Locally Lipschitz Coefficients
Authors: Anton Cristina
Published: February 2025

Under the uniform Hörmander hypothesis, we study the smoothness and exponential bounds of the density of the law of the solution of a stochastic differential equation (SDE) with locally Lipschitz drift that satisfies a monotonicity condition. We extend the approach used for SDEs with globally Lipschitz coefficients and obtain estimates for the Malliavin covariance matrix and its inverse. Based on these estimates and using the Malliavin differentiability of any order of the solution of the SDE, we prove exponential bounds of the solution’s density law. These results can be used to study the convergence of implicit numerical schemes for SDEs.
Existence of Non-Negative Solutions for Parabolic Problem on Riemannian Manifold
Authors: Almaghamsi Lamya , Ghanmi Abdeljabbar , Kefi Khaled
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we investigate a perturbed parabolic problem involving the Laplace–Beltrami operator on a smooth compact Riemannian manifold M. For a strongly local Dirichlet form in L2(M). More precisely, we begin by proving that, in the case of the existence of a non-negative solution, the potential can be written as a derivative of some functions which are locally integrable on M; after that, we prove the existence of a non-negative solution for such problems.
Point and Interval Estimation of Population Prevalence Using a Fallible Test and a Non-Probabilistic Sample: Post-Stratification Correction
Authors: Estrada Alvarez Jorge Mario , Luna del Castillo Juan de Dios , Montero-Alonso Miguel Ángel
Published: February 2025

Accurate prevalence estimation is crucial for public health planning, particularly for rare diseases or low-prevalence conditions. This study evaluated frequentist and Bayesian methods for estimating prevalence, addressing challenges such as imperfect diagnostic tests, partial disease status verification, and non-probabilistic samples. Post-stratification was applied as a novel method and was used to improve representativeness and correct biases. Three scenarios were analyzed: (1) complete verification using a gold standard, (2) estimation with a diagnostic test of known sensitivity and specificity, and (3) partial verification of disease status limited to test positives. In all scenarios, post-stratification adjustments increased prevalence estimates and interval lengths, highlighting the importance of accounting for population variability. Bayesian methods demonstrated advantages in integrating prior information and modeling uncertainty, particularly under high-variability and low-prevalence conditions. Key findings included the flexibility of Bayesian approaches to maintain estimates within plausible ranges and the effectiveness of post-stratification in correcting biases in non-probabilistic samples. Frequentist methods provided narrower intervals but were limited in addressing inherent uncertainties. This study underscores the need for methodological adjustments in epidemiological studies, offering robust solutions for real-world challenges. These results have significant implications for improving public health decision-making and the design of prevalence studies in resource-constrained or non-probabilistic contexts.
An Improvement of the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers to Solve the Convex Optimization Problem
Authors: Peng Jingjing , Wang Zhijie , Yu Siting , Tang Zengao
Published: February 2025

The alternating direction method is one of the attractive approaches for solving convex optimization problems with linear constraints and separable objective functions. Experience with applications has shown that the number of iterations depends significantly on the penalty parameter for the linear constraint. The penalty parameters in the classical alternating direction method are a constant. In this paper, an improved alternating direction method is proposed, which not only adaptively adjusts the penalty parameters per iteration based on the iteration message but also adds relaxation factors to the Lagrange multiplier update steps. Preliminary numerical experiments show that the technique of adaptive adjusting of the penalty parameters per iteration and attaching relaxation factors in the Lagrange multiplier updating steps are effective in practical applications.
Exploring the Incidence and Risk Factors of Dyslipidemia in Patients with Severe Acne Vulgaris on Systemic Isotretinoin Therapy: Findings from a Prospective Study
Authors: Muhaidat Jihan , Alhuneafat Leen , Asfar Rand , Al-Qarqaz Firas , Alshiyab Diala , Alhuneafat Laith
Published: February 2025

Background and Objectives: Oral isotretinoin has revolutionized the treatment of severe acne vulgaris. Isotretinoin is associated with multiple adverse effects, one of which is dyslipidemia (DLP). Materials and Methods: This single-center prospective study recruited 498 patients who were eligible for isotretinoin for severe acne. Risk factors for hyperlipidemia and serum lipids were assessed at baseline. Patients received daily doses ranging from 0.25 to 1 mg/kg of their body weight, and their fasting serum lipids were checked regularly until they reached a cumulative dose of 120–150 mg/kg. Our primary objective is to investigate dyslipidemia incidence and predictors, while the secondary objective is to assess the impact of dose reduction on lipid panels. Results: Our sample was primarily female (n = 380, 76.3%), with a normal Body Mass Index (23.2 ± 4.0) and a mean age of 20.7 (±4.1) years. About 72.5% had a family history of acne, 17.1% a family history of dyslipidemia. Around 17.3% reported tobacco use. A total of 57 (11.4%) patients on isotretinoin developed DLP. Smoking was independently associated with a higher risk of dyslipidemia (OR 1.97, 95% CI [1.01, 3.82], p = 0.046). The mean onset of DLP was at 3.23 (±2.13) months. A total of 52 patients out of the 57 had a dose reduction of 10 mg (n = 5) or 20 mg (n = 47). A dose reduction of 50% was found to significantly improve triglyceride levels. Conclusions: More than 1 out of 10 patients on isotretinoin developed DLP. Tobacco use was significantly associated with developing DLP. Dose reduction significantly impacted a decrease in triglyceride levels.
Demonstration of Pattern Size Effects on Hydrophobic Nanocellulose Coatings with Regular Micron-Sized Island-like Geometrical Domains Created by Femtosecond Laser Micromachining
Authors: Samyn Pieter , Cosemans Patrick , Malek Olivier
Published: February 2025

As inspired by nature, wettability of bio-based material surfaces can be controlled by combining appropriate surface chemistries and topographies mimicking the structure of plant leaves or animals. The need for bio-based nanocellulose coatings with enhanced hydrophobic properties becomes technically relevant for extending their applications in the technological domain with better protection and lifetime of the coatings. In this work, the water repellence of spray-coated nanocellulose coatings with hydrophobically modified cellulose microfiber (mCMF coatings), or hydrophobically modified cellulose nanofiber (mCNF coatings) was enhanced after femtosecond laser patterning. In particular, the influences of different island-like pattern geometries and pattern sizes were systematically studied. The island-like patterns were experimentally created with single posts that have variable sizes of the valleys (B = 30 to 15 µm) and top surface area (T = 120 to 15 µm), resulting in good resolution of the patterns down to the size of the laser beam diameter (15 µm). Depending on the intrinsic homogeneity and porosity of sprayed mCMF and mCNF coatings, the quality and resolution of the island-like patterns is better for the mCNF coatings with thinner and more homogeneous sizes of the cellulose nanofibrils. The increase in apparent water contact angle on patterned nanocellulose coatings can be estimated from the theoretical Cassie–Baxter state of wetting and shows maximum values up to θs = 128° (mCMF coatings), or θs = 140° (mCNF coatings), for the smallest pattern sizes in parallel with minimum contact angle hysteresis of Δθ = 14° (mCMF coatings), or Δθ < 9° (mCNF coatings). The study demonstrated that femtosecond laser patterning technology provides high flexibility and adaptivity to create surface patterns in appropriate dimensions with enhanced hydrophobicity of nanocellulose coatings.
Ultra-Wideband Passive Polarization Conversion Metasurface for Radar Cross-Section Reduction Across C-, X-, Ku-, and K-Bands
Authors: Ren Xiaole , Liu Yunqing , Ji Zhonghang , Zhang Qiong , Cao Wei
Published: February 2025

In this study, we present a novel ultra-wideband passive polarization conversion metasurface (PCM) that integrates double V-shaped patterns with circular split-ring resonators. Operating without any external power supply or active components, this design effectively manipulates the polarization state of incident electromagnetic waves. Numerical and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed PCM can convert incident linear polarization into orthogonal states across a wide frequency range of 7.1–22.3 GHz, encompassing the C-, X-, Ku-, and K-bands. A fabricated prototype confirms that the polarization conversion ratio (PCR) exceeds 90% throughout the specified band. Furthermore, we explore an additional application of this passive metasurface for electromagnetic stealth, wherein it achieves over 10 dB of monostatic radar cross-section (RCS) reduction from 7.6 to 21.5 GHz. This broad effectiveness is attributed to strong electromagnetic resonances between the top and bottom layers, as well as the Fabry–Pérot cavity effect, as evidenced by detailed analyses of the underlying physical mechanisms and induced surface currents. These findings confirm the effectiveness of the proposed design and highlight its potential for future technological applications, including 6G communications, radar imaging, anti-interference measures, and electromagnetic stealth.
Biocontrol of Cassida vittata Vill. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Sugar Beet Crops Using Streptomyces sp. Strains
Authors: El Aalaoui Mohamed , Rammali Said , Kamal Fatima Zahra , Bencharki Bouchaib , Ciobică Alin , Hogas Mihai , Novac Bogdan , Sbaghi Mohamed
Published: February 2025

Cassida vittata Vill. is a major pest of sugar beet crops worldwide. This study evaluated the efficacy of Streptomyces sp. strains E23-2, E23-9, E23-3, and E25-12 in managing this pest under both laboratory bioassays (26 ± 2 °C, 60 ± 10% RH, and 12 h of photoperiod) and field conditions. In the laboratory bioassays, insecticidal and repellent activities were assessed using topical and leaf dip methods. The insecticidal activity test involved five concentrations of bacterial suspensions (102 to 1010 cfu. mL−1 (Colony-Forming Units per milliliter)) against pest larvae and adults. Only E23-2 and E23-9 strains at concentrations of 101⁰ and 10⁸ cfu. mL−1, exhibiting the highest insecticidal activity, were used for the field bioassay. Carbosulfan at 0.25 g/L served as a positive control. Results indicated E23-2’s high efficacy against C. vittata, with the lowest LC50 values: 323.5 (larvae) and 5.1 × 103 (adults) cfu. mL−1 in topical contact, and 1.9 × 103 (larvae) and 3.1 × 104 (adults) cfu. mL−1 in the leaf dip method. LT50 values of 3 days for larvae and adults in the topical contact method supported E23-2’s efficacy. E23-2, at 101⁰ cfu. mL−1, displayed notable repellency against C. vittata adults (RI = 84.9% at 48 h). In field trials, Henderson–Tilton adjusted rates revealed E23-2’s substantial reductions of 88.6% (larvae) and 85.9% (adults), aligning closely with Carbosulfan’s efficacy. Enzymatic analysis underscored the versatile biocontrol attributes of E23-2, E23-3, and E23-9, providing insights for targeted pest management strategies. Field conditions, notably temperature, can influence the establishment and efficacy of EP bacteria. Further field studies are imperative for a comprehensive understanding of these influencing factors.
Refining Unfavorable Vaginal Microbial Community in Infertile Women Subjected to Precision Probiotic Intervention: An Exploratory Single-Arm, Prospective, Open-Label, Interventional Study
Authors: Cocomazzi Giovanna , Contu Viviana , De Stefani Silvia , Del Pup Lino , Buccheri Matteo , Antinori Monica , Parmegiani Lodovico , De Ruvo Daniele , Marino Francesco , Virgili Edy , Allen Christine , Palini Simone , Ciampaglia Walter , Cerboneschi Matteo , Baldini Domenico , Baldini Giorgio Maria , Pazienza Valerio
Published: February 2025

Background and aims: Vaginal microbiomes have been classified into five different general categories, termed Community State Type (CSTs), with CST-III and CST-IV often associated with vaginal dysbiosis which makes women more prone to recurrent infections and assisted reproductive technology (ART) failure. Since a healthy microbiome is one of the key steps for successful reproduction, we investigated the impact of modulating the vaginal microbiota through the oral administration of probiotic formula consisting of a consortium of vaginal-specific lactobacilli and prebiotics (Personal Flora 2®). Methods: We recruited 32 women who had previous failed IVF cycles and were scheduled to undergo ART. We examined the composition of the vaginal microbiota before and after oral probiotic supplementation using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing technology. Results: Our data show a noticeable modulation of the vaginal microbiome upon probiotic supplementation. In particular, precision probiotic intervention lowers the species diversity, favoring the dominance of Lactobacillus (p = 0.015) and Bifidobacterium (p = 0.000) whilst decreasing the percentage of Atopobium (p = 0.003), Gardnerella (p = 0.022), and Prevotella (p = 0.000). Conclusions: Although CST-III and CST-IV are generally considered detrimental, gynecologists should not refrain from performing IVF in these women if they have been previously subjected to a consortium of precision probiotics treatments, as the administration of specific probiotics reduces the presence of pathogenic bacteria promoting the increase in lactobacilli associated with a healthy vaginal ecosystem, which could impact pregnancy success.
Genomic Functional Analysis and Cellulase Characterization for the Enzyme-Producing Strain Bacillus subtilis Y4X3 Isolated from Saline–Alkaline Soil in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Yao Xinrun , Lin Min , Yan Yongliang , Jiang Shijie , Zhan Yuhua , Su Bodan , Zhou Zhengfu , Wang Jin
Published: February 2025

Biotechnological research and application of microbial enzyme production have consistently been focal points for scientific inquiry and industrial advancement. In this study, Bacillus subtilis Y4X3 was isolated from saline–alkaline soil in Xinjiang, China. Extracellular enzyme production analysis revealed that B. subtilis Y4X3 can secrete various enzymes, including cellulase, xylanase, protease, and amylase. Sequencing and assembly of the complete genome of this strain revealed a genome size of 4,215,636 bp with 43.51% C + G content, including 4438 coding genes. Genome annotation was performed with databases to predict gene functions in B. subtilis Y4X3, and a variety of genes related to carbohydrate metabolism were identified. A cellulase-encoding gene was subsequently cloned from the genome and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. The optimum pH and temperature for the purified cellulase Cel5A were 5.0 and 60 °C, respectively. Stability analysis revealed that Cel5A remained stable at pH 5.0–9.0 and 20–60 °C; after 1 h at pH 9.0, the relative enzyme activity still exceeded 60%. Additionally, Cel5A was positively affected by various metal ions and exhibited good tolerance to multiple chemical reagents. The results indicate that B. subtilis Y4X3 has the potential to produce a variety of industrial enzymes and could serve as a promising candidate for more efficient and cost-effective industrial applications; the characterized thermostable and alkali-resistant cellulase Cel5A also has potential applications in biotechnology and industry.
Comparative Study of Colloidal and Rheological Behaviors of Mixed Palygorskite–Montmorillonite Clays in Freshwater and Seawater
Authors: Zhang Jiajun , Zhuang Guanzheng , Chen Jinrong , Fan Wenxiao , Fan Jixing , Kuang Zhuhua , Liu Dong
Published: February 2025

This study systematically investigates the colloidal stability, rheological properties, and filtration behavior of palygorskite–montmorillonite mixed clays in both freshwater and seawater systems. By varying the mass content and dispersion medium (freshwater/seawater), we analyze the colloidal stability, zeta potential, flow curves, viscosity, shear-thinning behavior, thixotropy, and fluid loss of the dispersions. The results show that palygorskite exhibits good rheological performance in both freshwater and seawater, while montmorillonite performs better in freshwater but suffers a significant decline in seawater. However, palygorskite demonstrates high fluid loss, which is unfavorable for drilling fluid function. Mixed clays can mitigate the limitations of individual clays to some extent, but the specific performance depends on the clay mineral content and dispersion medium. In freshwater, a small amount of montmorillonite improves the viscosity and shear-thinning behavior of the dispersion, with optimal montmorillonite contents of 22% and 38%, respectively. The thixotropy and fluid loss reduction in the mixed clays are positively correlated with montmorillonite content. In seawater, the rheological performance inversely correlates with Mt content due to montmorillonite’s high sensitivity to electrolytes. The addition of Pal enhances the colloidal stability and rheological properties of the mixed clays in seawater. This work provides theoretical insights into the behavior of mixed clays in different media, offering valuable guidance for the design of seawater-based drilling fluids.
Towards Circularity in Serbian Mining: Unlocking the Potential of Flotation Tailings and Fly Ash
Authors: Vujović Nela , Alivojvodić Vesna , Radovanović Dragana , Štulović Marija , Sokić Miroslav , Kokalj Filip
Published: February 2025

This paper examines sustainable industrial practices in Serbia, particularly in the mining and energy sector, focusing on the potential of flotation tailings and fly ash, as materials with the largest share in disposed waste in Serbia in 2023 (95%). It highlights the environmental challenges of mining waste and explores innovative approaches to waste management within the circular economy framework. The study analyzes the current state of mining waste in Serbia, particularly in copper mining regions in the east of the country. It discusses the potential for metal recovery from waste and its reuse in various industries. The research also investigates the use of fly ash from thermal power plants as a valuable resource in the construction industry and other sectors. The paper reviews existing initiatives and legislation in Serbia in order to promote sustainable mining practices and waste utilization. By presenting case studies and potential applications, the study demonstrates how implementing circular economy principles in the mining sector can contribute to environmental protection, resource conservation, and economic growth in Serbia. The comprehensive overview of the current state in Serbia provides a solid foundation for establishing a higher degree of circularity in the mining and energy sectors.
Continuous In-Situ Polymerization of Complex-Based Films for High-Performance Electrochromic Devices
Authors: Liu Yang-Bo , Deng Hao-Tian , Zhang Li-Yi , Wei Jing-Hao , Dai Feng-Rong , Chen Zhong-Ning
Published: February 2025

Synthesis of uniform and stable electrochromic films on a conductive layer is one of the effective ways to construct high-performance electrochromic devices. The development of more convenient and feasible polymer film preparation technology is important and necessary. Herein, we demonstrated the development of a continuous in situ polymerization method to prepare electrochromic film on ITO glass through Schiff base condensation of a tetraamine Fe-based complex and organic di-/tri-aldehyde precursors. The electrochromic film was successfully coated on the surface of the ITO conductive layer and exhibited uniform morphology and excellent stability. Film P1 exhibited two reversible redox processes allowing two steps of electrochromic processes, including the oxidation of Fe(II) to Fe(III) at 1.05 V and oxidation of triphenylamine moieties to cation radicals at 1.4 V, which induced three stable color states from initial yellow to orange red and blue. The utilization of the so-formed polymer film for the fabrication of electrochromic devices gave rise to excellent electrochromic performance of fast response time of 0.4−1.2 s and high coloration efficiencies of 241.5−352.9 cm2/C at 1.9 V (at 535 nm) and 2.5 V (at 755 nm). The present work provides a new feasible strategy for constructing polymer films for high-performance electrochromic devices.
Heterocyclic Antidepressants with Antimicrobial and Fungicide Activity
Authors: Zolotareva Darya , Zazybin Alexey , Belyankova Yelizaveta , Bayazit Sarah , Dauletbakov Anuar , Seilkhanov Tulegen , Kemelbekov Ulan , Aydemir Murat
Published: February 2025

In this review, the presence of antimicrobial and fungicidal activity in heterocyclic antidepressants was investigated. The already proven connection between the intestinal microbiome and mental health prompted the idea of whether these drugs disrupt the normal intestinal microflora. In addition, there is a serious problem of increasing resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics. In this article, we found that almost all of the antidepressants considered (except moclobemide, haloperidol, and doxepin) have antimicrobial activity and can suppress the growth of not only pathogenic microorganisms but also the growth of bacteria that directly affect mental health (such as Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and Bifidobacterium).
Benefit of an Ultrasonic Irradiation on the Depollution by Washing of Nickel- or Zinc-Contaminated Vermiculite
Authors: Leybros Antoine , Herr Sophie , Salameh Rita , Pflieger Rachel
Published: February 2025

Pollution of soil by heavy metals has become a critical environmental issue. This study investigated an innovative approach to heavy metals removal, focusing on the desorption of nickel and zinc from vermiculite using a combination of leaching and ultrasonic (US) irradiation at 20 or 362 kHz. When 0.1 M HCl was used as a washing solution, Zn2+ desorption yields around 85% were obtained in all conditions. Under 20 kHz US, fragmentation of the particles occurred, leading to the formation of new sites where released Zn2+ could sorb, allowing improved decontamination by cation exchange. Even higher yields were obtained with the biobased citric acid. Ni2+ desorption yields were lower due to its distribution in less accessible Tessier fractions. They significantly increased under US, especially at 362 kHz. It is shown that US leads to transfer of the contaminant from less accessible fractions (in particular the residual one) to more accessible ones, and that at low frequency, new sorption sites are created by fragmentation, leading to readsorption in the exchangeable fraction. This study brought to light for the first time the potential of high-frequency US in enhancing soil washing, to a higher extent compared to low-frequency (20–50 kHz) US.
Quantitative Criteria for Solvent Selection in Liquid-Phase Exfoliation: Balancing Exfoliation and Stabilization Efficiency
Authors: Wu Shunnian , Lee W. P. Cathie , Thenuwara Hashan N. , Wu Ping
Published: February 2025

The selection of solvent is pivotal in liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE), as an ideal solvent minimizes the energy required to disrupt the interlayer attractive interactions while stabilizing exfoliated layers to prevent re-agglomeration. This study theoretically analyzed the LPE of Mg(OH)2 in different solvents, including water, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethylformamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), isopropyl alcohol, and 2-butanone, through first-principles calculations combined with experimental validation. DMSO was identified as the most effective solvent for reducing the interlayer attraction, based on exfoliation energy calculations, while NMP was the most efficient for stabilizing exfoliated layers, based on binding energy assessments. Principal component analysis of the solvents’ physicochemical properties reduced the original dataset of seven variables to two dominant factors. The binding energy correlates with planarity and polarity, whereas the exfoliation energy is governed by dipole moment and polarity. The biaxial straining theory successfully clarified the underlying mechanisms behind the established criteria for selecting the optimal solvent. Experimental results confirmed that DMSO outperforms water in the LPE of Mg(OH)2. These results establish a quantitative framework for solvent selection, enhancing the efficiency of the LPE processes.
Sponge Morphology of Osteosarcoma Finds Origin in Synergy Between Bone Synthesis and Tumor Growth
Authors: Bardouil Arnaud , Bizien Thomas , Amiaud Jérome , Fautrel Alain , Battaglia Séverine , Almarouk Iman , Rouxel Tanguy , Panizza Pascal , Perez Javier , Last Arndt , Djediat Chakib , Bessot Elora , Nassif Nadine , Rédini Françoise , Artzner Franck
Published: February 2025

Osteosarcoma is medically defined as a bone-forming tumor with associated bone-degrading activity. There is a lack of knowledge about the network that generates the overproduction of bone. We studied the early stage of osteosarcoma development with mice enduring a periosteum injection of osteosarcoma cells at the proximal third of the tibia. On day 7 (D7), tumor cells activate the over-synthesis of bone-like material inside the medulla. This overproduction of bone is quickly (D13) followed by degradation. Samples were characterized by microfocus small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS), optical and electron microscopies, and micro-indentation. This intramedullary apatite–collagen composite synthesis highlights an unknown network of bone synthesis stimulation by extramedullary osteosarcoma cells. This synthesis activation mechanism, coupled with the well-known bone induced osteosarcoma growth activation, produces a rare synergy that may enlighten the final osteosarcoma morphology. With this aim, a 3D cellular automaton was developed that only included two rules. Simulations can accurately reproduce the bi-continuous sponge macroscopic structure that was analyzed from mice tumor micro-tomography. This unknown tumor activation pathway of bone synthesis, combined with the known bone activation of tumor growth, generates a positive feedback synergy explaining the unusual sponge-like morphology of this bone cancer. From a biomaterials point of view, how nature controls self-assembly processes remains an open question. Here, we show how the synergy between two biological growth processes is responsible for the complex morphology of a bone tumor. This highlights how hierarchical morphologies, accurately defined from the nanometer to the centimeter scale, can be controlled by positive feedback between the self-assembly of a scaffold and the deposition of solid material.
Research Advances in Ion Exchange of Halide Perovskites
Authors: Du Chao , Chen Kaiwang , Chen Jiangshan , Ma Dongge
Published: February 2025

In recent years, halide perovskite materials have been extensively studied by researchers due to their excellent optoelectronic characteristics. Unlike traditional semiconductors, halide perovskites possess unique ionic crystal structures, which makes it easier to perform facile composition engineering to tailor their physical and chemical properties. Ion exchange is a popular post-treatment strategy to achieve composition engineering in perovskites, and various ion exchange processes have been used to modify the structural and functional features of prefabricated perovskites to meet the requirements of desired applications. This review summarizes the recent progress in ion exchange of halide perovskites, including mechanisms, strategies, and studies on different ion exchange. Additionally, the applications of ion-exchanged perovskites in microfluidic sensors, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), lasers, and solar cells are presented. Lastly, we briefly discuss the challenges in ion exchange of perovskites and hope that ion exchange can provide a more refined and reliable method for the preparation of high-performance perovskites.
Intensity Modulation Effects on Ultrafast Laser Ablation Efficiency and Defect Formation in Fused Silica
Authors: Yoshitomi Dai , Takada Hideyuki , Kinugasa Shinichi , Ogawa Hiroshi , Kobayashi Yohei , Narazaki Aiko
Published: February 2025

Ultrafast laser processing is a critical technology for micro- and nano-fabrication due to its ability to minimize heat-affected zones. The effects of intensity variation on the ultrafast laser ablation of fused silica were investigated to gain fundamental insights into the dynamic modulation of pulse intensity. This study revealed significant enhancement in ablation efficiency for downward ramp intensity modulation compared to the upward ramp. This effect was independent of the repetition rate ranging from 100 Hz to 1 MHz, which suggested that it originates from persistent residual effects of preceding pulses. Photoluminescence experiments indicated that the observed effect is primarily attributed to the dynamic reduction in the ablation threshold caused by the formation of defects such as non-bridging oxygen hole centers. The correlation between the sequence of intensity-modulated pulses and defect formation has been clarified. The knowledge of these correlations, combined with machine learning-based optimization methods, is useful for the optimization of the throughput and quality of ultrafast laser processing.
AI-Powered Analysis of Weight Loss Reports from Reddit: Unlocking Social Media’s Potential in Dietary Assessment
Authors: Kaloudis Efstathios , Kouti Victoria , Triantafillou Foteini-Maria , Ventouris Patroklos , Pavlidis Rafail , Bountziouka Vasiliki
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: The increasing use of social media for sharing health and diet experiences presents new opportunities for nutritional research and dietary assessment. Large language models (LLMs) and artificial intelligence (AI) offer innovative approaches to analyzing self-reported data from online communities. This study explores weight loss experiences associated with the ketogenic diet (KD) using user-generated content from Reddit, aiming to identify trends and potential biases in self-reported outcomes. Methods: A dataset of 35,079 Reddit posts related to KD was collected and processed. Posts mentioning weight loss, diet duration, and additional factors (age, gender, physical activity, health conditions) were identified, yielding 2416 complete cases. Descriptive statistics summarized weight loss distributions and diet adherence patterns, while linear regression models examined factors associated with weight loss. Results: The median reported weight loss was 10.9 kg (IQR: 4.4–22.7 kg). Diet adherence varied with 36.3% of users following KD for up to 30 days and 7.8% for more than a year. Metabolic (27%) and cardiovascular disorders (17%) were the most frequently reported health conditions. Adherence beyond one year was associated with an average weight loss of 28.2 kg (95% CI: 25.5–30.9) compared to up to 30 days. Male gender was associated with an additional weight loss of 5.2 kg (95% CI: 3.8–6.6) compared to females. Conclusions: Findings suggest KD may lead to substantial weight loss based on self-reported online data. This study highlights the value of social media data in nutritional research, uncovering hidden dietary patterns that could inform public health strategies and personalized nutrition plans.
Urinary Iodine Concentration and Thyroid Hormone Metabolism in Pregnant Women and Neurodevelopment in Their Children: A Longitudinal Canadian Birth Cohort
Authors: Berghuis Sietske A. , Hall Meaghan , Krzeczkowski John E. , Goodman Carly V. , Chevrier Jonathan , Ayotte Pierre , Lanphear Bruce , Till Christine
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Iodine is essential for thyroid hormone (TH) synthesis, and THs in pregnant women are critical for fetal brain development. It is unclear whether urinary iodine concentrations (UICs) are associated with thyroid parameters in pregnant women and neurodevelopment in their 3–4-year-old children. Methods: In the Canadian Maternal–Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals (MIREC) cohort, we categorized UIC adjusted for urinary creatinine (UIC/Cr) in the first two trimesters as <150, 150–500, or ≥500 µg/g. We used multivariable regression to quantify associations between UIC/Cr and thyroid parameters in maternal plasma (n = 1501), including thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), total T4 (tT4), free T4 (fT4), thyroglobulin (Tg) and Tg antibodies (TgAb), and thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb). We defined positive thyroid autoantibodies as TgAb ≥ 4.11 or TPOAb ≥ 5.61 IU/mL. We also examined the associations between UIC/Cr with the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (n = 503), Behavior Assessment System for Children (n = 751), and the Social Responsiveness Scale (n = 498). Results: Twenty-two percent of women had UIC/Cr < 150 and 17% ≥ 500 µg/g. UIC/Cr was not associated with TSH, tT4, or fT4. After excluding women with positive thyroid autoantibodies, those with UIC/Cr < 150 µg/g had higher tT4 compared to those with 150–500 µg/g. Compared to women with UIC/Cr 150–500 µg/g, those with UIC/Cr < 150 had higher Tg and, those with UIC/Cr ≥ 500 had less frequent positive thyroid autoantibodies. Neurodevelopmental outcomes were not associated with maternal Tg, nor did they differ for maternal UIC/Cr < 150 and ≥500 compared to 150–500 µg/g. Conclusions: In this cohort, Tg and tT4 were higher in women with UIC/Cr < 150 µg/g compared to those with UIC/Cr 150–500 µg/g. Urinary iodine in pregnant women was not associated with neurodevelopment in their 3–4-year-old children.
Lactobacillus acidophilus TW01 Mitigates PM2.5-Induced Lung Injury and Improves Gut Health in Mice
Authors: Luo Siou-Min , Chen Ming-Ju
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) causes significant respiratory and gastrointestinal health problems. In our prior research, we identified Lactobacillus acidophilus TW01 as a promising strain for mitigating oxidative damage, enhancing wound healing in intestinal epithelial cells, and protecting bronchial cells from cigarette smoke extract. Building upon these findings, this study examines the protective effects of this strain on lung damage induced by particulate matter (PM) through the gut–lung axis in mouse models. Methods: This study evaluated the protective effects of L. acidophilus TW01 against PM2.5-induced lung injury using two in vivo mouse models (OVA sensitization combined with PM2.5 exposure and DSS-induced colitis). Results: L. acidophilus TW01 exhibited significant protective effects in two in-vivo models, reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-5), modulating the immune response (IgG subtypes), and improving gut barrier integrity. Importantly, L. acidophilus TW01 increased the abundance of beneficial gut bacteria (Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus). Conclusions: These findings highlight the significant protective/therapeutic potential of L. acidophilus TW01 in mitigating the adverse health effects of PM2.5 exposure, emphasizing the interplay between the gut and lung microbiomes in overall health. The multi-faceted protective effects of this probiotic suggest a novel, multi-pronged therapeutic strategy for addressing the widespread health consequences of air pollution.