bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RESULTS OF LABORATORY STUDIES OF THE SEPARATING SYSTEM WITH THERMAL ENERGY OF CLEANING THE POTATO HARVESTING MACHINE
Authors: Dorohov Aleksey , Aksenov Aleksandr , Sibirev Aleksey , Mosyakov Maksim , Sazonov Nikolay
Published: April 2022

Harvesting potatoes in conditions of high soil moisture imposes restrictions on the implementation of the technological process associated with the impossibility of cleaning marketable products from mechanical impurities as a result of clogging the working surface of cleaning devices of various designs with wet soil. To reduce the time of cleaning while maintaining the quality of work, a separating system has been developed that provides for the possibility of using the heat of exhaust gases. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the technological parameters of the separating system using the heat of the exhaust gases of a potato harvester in conditions of high soil moisture. As an object of research, the separating system of a potato harvester, represented by a bar elevator with installed deflectors for blowing the working surface with exhaust gases from a power plant, whose operation under laboratory conditions is represented by a heat gun, was adopted. A laboratory setup and a methodology for conducting research on a separating system have been developed to determine the quality indicators of harvesting and justify technological parameters that affect the quality of cleaning potato tubers - the distance between the separating surface and the deflector, as well as the forward speed of the rod elevator. It has been established that the completeness of separation of potato tubers during harvesting in conditions of high soil moisture by constant blowing with a heat gun of the working surface of the rod elevator at the optimal values of the factors under consideration (the distance between the rod elevator and the deflector SD=127.8 mm, the translational speed of the rod elevator vD=1, 67 m/s) reaches 96.5%. The results of statistical processing of experimental data indicate the adequacy of the mathematical model of the dependence of the completeness of cleaning potato tubers on the studied technological parameters of the separating system
ON SIMULATION OF RANDOM PROCESSES IN AGRICULTURAL COMPLEX
Authors: Ibyatov Ravil , Ziganshin Bulat
Published: April 2022

Research was carried out with the aim of mathematical description of random deviations of the incoming flow of raw materials, to justify the necessary rational modes of operation of continuously operating units in the agro-industrial complex. The incoming flow is given by the average value and random deviations in different directions. The intensity of the deviation from the average value up or down can be different. The numerical characteristics of the incoming stream are determined by processing statistical observations. Two tasks are considered separately. In the first, in order to determine the time or cyclicity of response to changes in the incoming flow, their total number is studied. For this, a pure reproduction model was used. On the basis of the constructed model, the numerical values of the probability that by the time t there will be n deviations are calculated. Such a function Pn(t) has its maximum for any value of n. When solving the second problem, it is assumed that deviations of the average value of the incoming flow in different directions can partially or completely compensate for one another. To take into account such features of a random flow, a model of reproduction and death was used. The calculation of the corresponding probabilities is reduced to solving a system of differential equations, taking into account the normalization condition P0+P1+P2+ … Pn=1. Calculations have shown that if the deflection intensities in different directions are equal, the probability graphs Pn(t) have a common time asymptote. Consequently, deviations with the same intensity, having different signs, compensate for one another. If the intensities are not equal, then the probabilities Pn(t) go to their individual asymptotes. This means that the input stream with random deviations takes its stationary state with some reduced rate. The considered mathematical models make it possible to calculate the probabilistic values of the incoming flow parameters and their changes over time. This makes it possible to justify the necessary rational mode of operation of continuously operating units, taking into account random deviations of the incoming flow
OPERATION OF THE WHEEL DIFFERENTIAL DURING THE ACCELERATION OF THE ARABLE UNIT
Authors: Kazakov Yuriy , Medvedev Vladimir , Terentyev Alexey , Batmanov Vladimir , Pavlov Vladimir
Published: April 2022

The use of ballast on wheeled tractors leads to over-compaction of the soil, including sub-arable horizons. When overclocking arable units with buried working bodies at operating speed, the engine will inevitably enter the overload mode. This leads to a decrease in productivity, fuel overspending, and deterioration of environmental indicators. The authors proposed for the first time to equip the driving wheels with built-in differentials. The basis of the wheel differential development concept is the eccentric application of external loads and the driving torque to the wheel. The purpose of the research is to identify structural and operational factors affecting the efficiency of the wheel differential, to establish the nature of the relationships between them. The operation of the driving wheel tire occurs under conditions of a deformed support surface. Acceleration of a mobile power vehicle with a built-in differential in the wheels is presented as a two-stage process. The first stage of acceleration corresponds to the operation of the gearbox in the planetary gearbox mode, the second stage - in the differential gearbox mode. The translational movement of the wheel, its rotation along the bearing surface is possible if the torque on the wheel rim is provided by the moment of friction force in the contact spot. The rotation of the bearing gear along the epicyclical gear, the formation of the tilting and lever moments in the wheel reducer contribute to the advancement of the pressure center along the length of the contact spot in the oncoming sector of the wheel, an increase in the friction force and tangential force, ensuring smooth starting of the tractor unit. After overcoming the moment of inertia of the rotating and translationally moving masses of the unit, the value of the required moment decreases. The driving bearing gear, remaining in the lower position, rotates the wheel. The gearbox has switched to differential operation. At the same time, the driver performs angular oscillations, the magnitude of which depends on the conditions of movement of the wheel and the traction resistance of the unit. The amount of torque required depends on the design parameters of the built-in differential, operating conditions, and gravity applied to the bearing drive gear of the planetary gearbox
SUBSTANTIATION OF THE PARAMETERS OF VACUUM PUMPING FACILITIES WITH A PULSING ACTIVE FLOW
Authors: Nafikov Insaf , Khusainov Rail , Lukmanov Ruslan , Galiev Ilgiz , Lushnov Maksim , Kashapov Il'dar
Published: April 2022

Vacuum pumping devices designed for dosing, mixing, transporting and distributing feed; milking cows; milk processing and other technological processes in agriculture are among the main components of the technological processes of animal husbandry. In order to improve the technical characteristics of vacuum pumping devices, widely used in all industries, it is proposed to use a pulsating jet apparatus installed on the suction port of a liquid ring vacuum pump. To characterize a stationary flow, the reduced velocity and the Reynolds number are usually used, and in the case of a pulsating flow, the relative frequency and relative amplitude of the pulsations are added to them, which are necessary to determine the design and technological parameters. One of the main design parameters of the operation of a jet vacuum pumping device is the ejection coefficient, the increase of which is achieved by deliberately violating the stationary mode of material flow by adding a pulsating device. The object of experimental research was a jet apparatus with a pulsating active flow. As an interrupting mechanism for an ejector with a pulsating active flow, it is advisable to use a ball-shaped valve made of various materials, which, due to the pressure drop and a return spring, can pulsate at a frequency of

90 ... 100 beats/min. During the experiments, the change in the supply of a water-ring vacuum pump with a pulsating jet apparatus was determined depending on the materials of the ball-type valve (steel, rubber and textolite), the suction pressure (1; 5; 10; 20; 30; 40; 50; 60 kPa), valve pulsation frequency (85; 100; 115; 130 beats/min) and ejector inlet pressure (20; 30; 50; 60 kPa). The best result is noted when using a valve in the form of a ball made of steel. In this variant, the supply of a water ring vacuum pump with a pulsating jet apparatus is increased to 14.5 m3/min, and the maximum supply is provided at a pulsation frequency of 90...100 beats/min
USE OF CHICKEN MANURE FERTILIZER FOR GROWING ORGANIC PRODUCTS
Authors: Ganiev Almaz , Sibagatullin Fatih , Ziganshin Bulat , Haliullina Zul'fiya , Gayfullin Ilnur
Published: April 2022

This article explores the possibility and effectiveness of using chicken manure as an organic fertilizer “Soil Improver (UP-1)”, obtained by using the drug “Mephosphon” for growing crops and producing organic products. Under laboratory conditions, experiments on the fermentation of manure were carried out, measurements of the ammonium ion were carried out, and the levels of toxicity of extracts from chicken manure were studied using test objects Ceriodaphnia affinis and Paramecium caudatum, followed by determining the hazard class of chicken manure. Field tests were carried out on soddy-podzolic medium loamy soils of the Pestrechinsky district near the village. Khodyashevo. The total sowing area was 72 ha (1 ha - background, 19 ha - control, 52 ha - experimental field). The background field was without chicken manure, the control field was composted chicken manure, and the experimental field was with UP-1 fertilizer. 130 tons of chicken manure were applied per 1 ha. Organic compost “Soil Improver (UP-1)” was obtained from poultry wastes of OJSC “Agrofirm “Ak Bars – Pestretsy” branch of poultry farm of Pestrechinsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan. Biometric analysis of the growth and development of winter wheat was carried out from April 29 to June 1, 2021. The stem height of plants in the experimental variant is 14% higher than in the background, and 6.8 - 8.9% higher than in the control variant. According to the average weight of the raw and dry stem, the experimental group has the advantage, while surpassing the control in all periods of the growing season by 0.1-2.9 pieces. and 0.1-1.4 pcs. The obtained experimental data show that the use of organic compost “Soil Improver (UP-1)” as a fertilizer in the cultivation of winter wheat provides a higher yield compared to the background by 56.6%, and compared to the control by 55.5% . At the same time, 146.64 tons of organic winter wheat were obtained
Intensywność postawy religijnej chrześcijan w Polsce a osobowość i wykształcenie.
Authors: Kopaniecka Agata , Karakiewicz Beata
Published: April 2022

Wprowadzenie: Chrześcijaństwo tak jak każda religia pełni rolę niesienia pomocy duchowej i określa zasady, które uważane są za moralne lub niemoralne. Ze względu na osobowościowe różnice indywidualne, każdego cechuje inny sposób radzenia sobie z lękiem przed konsekwencjami grzechu. Czy są osoby wyznające chrześcijaństwo, które reagują postawą neurotyczną oraz występuje u nich nerwica eklezjogenna, czyli zaburzenia spowodowane przez dogmatyzm Kościoła, są rzeczywiście powszechnie występujące? Zwrócono uwagę na poziom wykształcenia w stosunku do nasilenia intensywności postawy religijnej. To badanie ma na celu przybliżyć temat neurotyczności, ugodowości oraz wykształcenia w odniesieniu do intensywności postawy religijnej. Ponadto wyniki badania zostaną omówione w dyskusji. Cel pracy: Określenie związku pomiędzy intensywnością postawy religijnej  a osobowością i wykształceniem chrześcijan w Polsce Materiały i metody: Grupę badaną stanowiły 132 osoby powyżej 15 roku życia, wyznające chrześcijaństwo w Polsce, w tym 108 kobiet i 24 mężczyzn. Średnia wieku osób biorących udział w badaniu to 25 lat. Najmłodszy respondent miał 16 lat, a najstarszy 60. Badanie wykonano przy użyciu ankiety demograficznej oraz standaryzowanych narzędzi badawczych: skali Intensywności Postawy Religijnej (SIPR)  oraz NEO-FFi Costy i McCrae. Wyniki: W badanej grupie wyznającej chrześcijaństwo wysokie nasilenie intensywności postawy religijnej nie wpływa istotnie statystycznie na nasilenie neurotyczności oraz ugodowości. Ponadto wysokie wykształcenie nie ma związku z niskim nasileniem intensywności postawy religijnej.
A review of carotid and vertebral artery dissection
Authors: Clark Michael , Unnam Sudhakar , Ghosh Sandip
Published: April 2022

Cervical artery dissection is a major cause of ischaemic stroke in young adults. The diagnosis can be challenging as some patients may present with seemingly benign symptoms such as a headache, neck pain or dizziness. However, the neurological sequelae of a transient ischaemic attack, vision loss or ischaemic stroke are potentially devastating. All hospital clinicians must be able to recognise this diagnosis and organise timely and appropriate investigations as antithrombotic treatment reduces the risk of stroke recurrence. This article reviews the literature to provide practical information for clinicians to recognise key risk factors and features of history and examination which should raise suspicion of cervical artery dissection. Diagnosis can now be made using the non-invasive, commonly available modalities of computed tomography angiography or magnetic resonance angiography. Timely treatment with antithrombotic agents is recommended to reduce the rate of an ischaemic stroke.
Difficulties and educational challenges faced by international medical graduates in trust grade roles in the UK
Authors: Rasquinha Melroy
Published: April 2022

Background/Aims

Most international medical graduates obtain a non-training job, such as a trust grade role, when they first start work in the UK. This transition into a new healthcare system comes with many sociocultural and educational challenges. The aim of this study was to learn more about the different types of challenges and propose solutions where possible.

Method

Qualitative data from a cohort of current or previous trust grade international medical graduates were collected at a UK teaching hospital. This was achieved through the use of questionnaires, interviews and obtaining views through a monthly forum meeting.

Results

Findings showed that participants lacked insight into the system and lacked clarity in relation to the role of a supervisor, career pathways, and medicolegal and ethical issues. Discrepancies in study budgets and study leave days, compared to those available to doctors in trainee posts was another issue that was raised. Communication in complex clinical scenarios was also reported to be an issue for many participants. Suggested solutions included a tailored online induction for international medical graduates in trust grade roles and a setting up a buddy system with existing or previous trust grade doctors.

Conclusions

This study highlighted the challenges faced by international medical graduates in trust grade roles and proposed solutions where possible. Although responses varied, educational barriers were the most widely highlighted concern. To understand the full extent of these hurdles, perceptions of other healthcare professionals should be explored.
Infections in hospitalised patients affected by end-stage diseases: a narrative overview
Authors: Sganga Federica , Salerno Andrea , Borghetti Alberto , Fantoni Massimo , Turriziani Adriana , Barillaro Christian , Bernabei Roberto
Published: April 2022

Aim:

To analyse the presence and treatment of infections in hospitalised terminal patients by identifying potential risk factors.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective study using health data from 229 terminally ill patients (evaluated by our hospital palliative care team (HPCT) hospitalised from January to December 2018.

Results:

A total of two types of infections were identified: blood flow infection (through blood cultures) and pneumonia (through radiological examinations), while the other cases of infection remained unknown. The most frequently identified microorganism was Staphylococcus spp. The prevalence of infections was higher in patients with non-oncological diseases (n=47, 36.7%; p value 0.009). The potential risk factors identified for infections were the presence of: Parkinson's disease (n=15, 11.7%; p value 0.005), dysphagia (n=49, 38.3%; p value 0.007), bedding (n=15, 11.7%; p value 0.048), pressure ulcers (n=31, 24. 2%); p value 0.018), oxygen therapy (n=60, 46.9%; p value 0.050), urinary catheters (n=95, 74.2%; p value 0.038) and polypathology (2.3 vs 1.7; p value 0.022). Parkinson's disease (OR=5.973; 95% CI=1.292-27.608), dysphagia (OR=2.090; 95% CI=1.080-4.046) and polypathology (OR=1.220; 95% CI=1.015-1.466) were confirmed by a corrected logistic regression analysis.

Conclusions:

Infections and, consequently, antibiotic therapies, have a high prevalence in hospitalised patients with terminal disease. Potential risk factors for infections in these patients could be polypathology, dysphagia and Parkinson's disease. Patients with these conditions could benefit from prevention programmes.
Advance care planning: comparing the views of residents and healthcare professionals in nursing homes in Singapore
Authors: Jin Toh Hui , Tan Laurence , Weng Siew Chee , Kiow Sim Lai , Low James Alvin
Published: April 2022

Background:

With more frail elderly living and likely to die in nursing homes, advance care planning (ACP) is critical in overall efforts to provide good palliative care. However, it is unclear how willing older, vulnerable residents in nursing homes are to take on an active role in care decisions.

Aim:

The objective of this pilot study was to examine nursing homes' healthcare professionals' and residents' views on ACP and the extent of similarities and differences in their views.

Methods:

Our sample of 24 healthcare professionals and 24 residents were identified and recruited through contacts established from existing collaborations with the nursing homes. Surveys were administered to the participants by a trained research assistant between April 2015 and August 2015.

Results:

Almost all the healthcare professionals (95.8%) would like to make an ACP for themselves in the future, while residents were divided in their choices (P<<0.01). Most residents (79.1%) felt that the most important guide for their surrogate in making decisions for them when they lose decision-making capacity should be based on their best interests. However, most healthcare professionals (75.0%) felt that it should be based on the resident's wishes and values.

Conclusions:

Healthcare professionals tended to overestimate the importance of patient autonomy compared to the residents. This study demonstrates that as much as advocacy and awareness are ongoing, nursing home residents' motivation to participate in ACP is lacking. The lack of motivation in ACP participation could be due to medical paternalism and familial determination, which have been a cultural norm for older Singaporeans. This study demonstrates there is a lack of cultural sensitivity in this group of healthcare professionals in approaching nursing home residents' end-of-life care decision-making.
Research Roundup
Authors: Green Laura
Published: April 2022

Synopses of a selection of recently published research articles of relevance to palliative care
Influência da Topografia na Superfície Freática em Dunas Costeiras – Pecém, Ceará
Authors: Soares Francisco das Chagas , Azevedo Juan Moreira de , Alencar Mariano Franca
Published: April 2022

Comumente, no meio de profissionais e pesquisadores em hidrogeologia, nota-se que em aquíferos livres regionais a superfície freática acompanha moderadamente o relevo. Entretanto, o estudo e aprofundamento desse fenômeno ainda é incipiente e determina um campo aberto a teorias e teses. A compreensão da dinâmica do escoamento em meios porosos em aquíferos sedimentares possui importância estratégica pois estes são mananciais hídricos de potencial apoio ao abastecimento doméstico, comercial e industrial, sobretudo no litoral, possibilitando a determinação de reservas existentes para uso e preservação, bem como a compreensão dos ciclos de renovação destas. Neste sentido, este trabalho aborda o impacto da topografia na formação da superfície freática em Formações Geológicas Dunas de grande ocorrência no litoral brasileiro, tomando como estudo de caso, os campos de dunas na região do Pecém – Ceará. Foi aplicado um índice de influência da topografia, sugerido por Haitjema e Mitchell-Bruker (2005), ao modelo conceitual da área, com os respectivos parâmetros hidrogeológicos, em especial recarga que foi aplicada em sua média histórica anual e, também, em sua média histórica para cada mês do ano. Os resultados apontam para uma variação na influência do relevo na formação da superfície freática sobretudo devido a sazonalidade do regime de chuvas, apresentando que apenas nos meses de maior pluviometria (março e abril) há indicadores da influência da topografia no formato da superfície freática.
Remoção de oxitetraciclina veterinária pelo sistema H2O2/UV
Authors: Pascoal Salomao de Andrade , Ferreira Milena D’arc Santos , Pereira João Pedro Vital , Cavalcante Geralda Gilvania , Medeiros Keila Machado de , Lima Carlos Antônio Pereira de
Published: April 2022

O uso de antibióticos em posologia terapêutica e como aditivos alimentares garantem a alta produtividade da pecuária. A oxitetraciclina (OTC) veterinária é um dos antibióticos mais utilizados e com importante inserção no meio ambiente. A OTC é um contaminante persistente aos tratamentos convencionais de água. O presente estudo simulou uma solução de OTC veterinária utilizada como aditivo alimentar na criação de aves. No uso real, essas soluções são disponibilizadas aos animais para sua dessedentação e são descartadas após 24 horas. Assim, o presente estudo objetiva avaliar a capacidade de remoção da OTC de formulação veterinária pelo sistema H2O2/UV a partir de testes com diferentes valores de pH e de concentrações do H2O2. Fez-se uso de um planejamento fatorial do tipo delineamento composto central rotacional (DCCR) e as principais configurações foram o tempo de operação de 60 minutos, três lâmpadas UV-C (254 nm) de 15 W cada, concentração inicial da OTC de 15 mg L-1 e o volume de água deionizada de 250 mL (operando em regime de batelada). Obteve-se uma remoção máxima de 97% de OTC com pH 6,5 e concentração de 150 mg L-1 de H2O2, além de um modelo matemático com capacidade de explicação de 94,12% da variabilidade dos dados com um nível de significância de 5%. Concluindo-se que o sistema H2O2/UV possui capacidade real de degradação de uma solução de OTC veterinária.
Inferior Turbinate Surgery: Difficulties Between the Decision-Making and the Selection of Proper Technique
Authors: Bofares Khaled Mohamed
Published: April 2022

Back ground and Objectives
The inferior conchae have important role in the maintenance of nasal airflow via providing the nasal valve mechanism but increase of inferior turbinate bulk may result in significant nasal obstruction. Therefore, this may need further surgical intervention to deal with these bulky conchae but it is very necessary to balance between the mechanical as well as the functional patency of the nose. Thus, through this surgery it become difficult to decide whether the patient is a candidate for surgery and which technique is suitable for that particular patient.

Patients and Methods
Two- thousands three- hundreds and six patients aged 3-65 years of hypertrophied inferior conchae, had been diagnosed as a cases of mechanical nasal obstruction due to hypertrophied inferior conchae (HIC). The patients operated by two techniques of inferior conchae surgery, which are sub-mucosal diathermy (SMD) and partial inferior turbinectomy (PIT). The outcomes were correlated to different factors to assess as much as possible the clear conclusion for this significant issue in rhinology.

Results and Conclusion
The proper selection of patient for this pattern of surgery is considered as one of main aspects of this issue and one of significant steps toward the resolving of this dilemma it is very necessary to select the most suitable candidate for this surgery. On the other hand, the type of the technique for this surgery is needed to be selected probably.
3D Printing and Section 512(c): Safe Harbor Provision of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act
Authors: Buresh Donald L.
Published: April 2022

This paper addresses the topic of whether, and to what extent, copyrights should govern the distribution of 3D printing plans which are used in creating 3D printed, tangible objects. The essay discusses the various 3D printing technologies, describes how 3D printing is accomplished, defines copyright, and then briefly outlines the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (“DMCA”) of 1998. In particular, the paper lists the conditions that a firm publishing 3D printing plans must satisfy to invoke Section 512(c) safe harbor provision of the DMCA. Finally, the essay discusses when a distributor of 3D printing plans would be protected under the safe harbor provisions, arguing that when a 3D printing plan is released not-for-profit, the organization is protected under Section 512(c).
Longitudinal form Factors of 25Mg with Bohr-Mottelson Model Using Large-scale Shell Model
Authors: Adnan Mohammed L. , Jassim Khalid S.
Published: April 2022

The longitudinal electron scattering form factors in large scale SDPF-shell for 25Mg with SDPF now as effective interaction have been discussed using Bohr-Mottelson model to computation core polarization (CP). The calculation are done with the help of NuShell code. To determine the single-particle wave function, the SKyrme-Hartree Fock potential was used to compute the matrix elements' radial wave function containing a single particle. Bohr-Mottelson model is used in these calculation. The result show good agreement with experimental data for 25Mg nucleus.
Structural and Electrical Properties Investigation of Ni0.6 Zn0.4 Crx Fe2-x O4 Powder
Authors: Mnawer Ied Mohammed , M.Y. Hassaan , Hemeda Osama Mohmaed , A.S. Abdel-Moety
Published: April 2022

The Flash method was employed to prepare Ni0.6 Zn0.4 Crx Fe2-x O4 nano particles at x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1 and examined by XRD, FTIR and electrical properties such as dielectric constant and resistivity with temperature and characterized for structural analysis. The peaks of XRD at (022), (111), (222), (113), (224), (333) (004), and (044) show that the samples prepared at x = 0.0 , 0.2 and 0.4 have a spinel cubic structure with single - phase, and at x =0.6, 0.8 and 1, there is a secondary phase partial formation of hematite (a-Fe2O3) with spinel phase. Due to their magnetic properties and their use in various applications, Ferrite nanoparticles acquire technological and scientific significance in recent years particularly when the particles size get closer to nanometer scale. Ferrite nanoparticles are utilized radio-frequency coils, rod antennas, and high-frequency transformer cores. In addition, they are also employed in integrated circuits of high-speed, nano-electronic devices, as well as for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as contrasting agents in the biomedical field. Spinel ferrites have electronic and magnetic properties with good, relying heavily on the distribution of cation among the octahedral and tetrahedral sites.
Correlation Study between Immunohistochemical Expression of Testicular Inhibin and Seminal Fluid Analysis
Authors: Al-Zubaidi Muhammad Abbas Muhammad , Farhan Dr. Thaer M.
Published: April 2022

The inhibin family of dimeric peptide hormones are produced in the testis and are postulated to have paracrine and autocrine roles in the regulation of steroidogenesis, Testis is a reproductive organ composed of the seminiferous tubules which is the site of spermatogenesis, while the Sertoli and Leydig cells are responsible for secreting hormone; (inhibin), to maintain spermatogenesis. Dissimilarity of activin expression and plasma level it can cause variation to the parameters (sperm count, motility, germinal layer width). Aim of study was evaluation of the inhibin immunohistochemical activity in testicular tissue and the association between the inhibin expression and spermatogenesis. This study was performed in Al-Nahrain University / College of Medicine from November 2020 to June 2021. A total of 20 adult male rabbit. All animals were examined and monitored in order to exclude unhealthy animal. The animals were euthanized by inhalation of chloroform. The animals’ behavior observed during the experiment, in addition, we measured the weights of animals before and after the experiment. Dissection of the Rabbit was done to obtain the testis. We collected seminal fluid by milking the epididymis and then seminal fluid analysis was performed by professional lab technician. The volume of testis was measured. The specimens are kept in 10% formalin for (24-48) hours for histological preparation. In comparison between the two groups of the study (A, B) showed a statistically significant differences in means of sperm count, motility of sperm, germinal layer width, Leydig cell number, and Sertoli cell number between them. Regarding the means of inhibin expression and plasma level in the parameters (sperm count, motility of sperm, germinal layer width) were suggestively advanced in group B compared to that in group A. In conclusion, the expression and level of inhibin subunits, is correlated with parameters (sperm count, motility, germinal layer width), Inhibin peptide hormone acts as inhibitor for FSH-pituitary secretion that in turn promote spermatogenesis. The study shown a highly significant differences of inhibin manufacture and action through spermatogenesis is occupied in the fine regulator of the seminiferous epithelium of the cycle. Also, this study showed a negative correlation between the parameters with inhibin.
Study of the Effect Nickel in Some Growth Parameters of Mirabilis Jalaba L. Plant during Winter
Authors: Sharba Furqan Yahya Jawad , Mohammed Zainab Abd Ameer , Reda Nada Mohammed
Published: April 2022

The current study documented the effect of Nickel (Ni) element in the growth of Mirabilis jalaba plant at different concentrations. In the phenotypic level; it recorded the highest elongation of the main stem at (10ppm) with (+3.27%), while was (+0.74%, +2.4%) at (0, 50ppm) respectively. In the physiological level; the samples with (10ppm) isolated from others, by chlorosis their leaves where increased the values of chlorophyll to (+12.55%) While a decrease recorded and yellowing noted, then followed by a welting at (0,50ppm) where recorded (-41.33%, -6.41%) respectively. Therefore, we can stable on the information; that the concentration (10ppm) is the optimal concentration to stimulate some growth parameters for Mirabilis jalaba, among of the treatments understudy, Where the concentrations (0,50ppm) were harmful to the plant at the physiological level and this may be due to the toxicity of nickel in excess of the plant's need or the effect of winter weather on plants.
Effect of Rhizobium Inoculation and Root Stimulator on Growth and Yield of Lentils (Lens Culinais) in Lime Soil
Authors: Hameed Hossam M. , Khalefah Khalaf M. , Al-Jubory Wesam Hamad Hussein
Published: April 2022

A field experiment was conducted in the Faculty of Agriculture / University of Tikrit in the agricultural season 2019, to study the effect of Rhizobium (without and inoculated) and enzyme root Stimulator at three levels (0, 12, 16) L.ha-1 in some traits of growth and yield of lentils and their effect on the root nodes and the number Bacterial cells. The results showed that the Rhizobium pollination led to a significant increase in plant height, dry weight of plants, number of pods, dry weight of pods, 1000 seeds weight (grain yield, number of root nodes, number of bacteria, and nitrogen percentage in the root, and also, the addition of Inicium led to an increase in these studied traits. The interaction between the pollination with Rhizobium and the level of addition of Inicium (16) L.ha-1 gave the highest average of the above traits and the seed yield (593.72) kg.ha-1 and the number of root nodes (8.33) nodes / root / plant and ratio Nitrogen by root is 5.48%.
Effect of Infrared (I.R.) and Bacillus Cereus on Residual Rate of Insecticide Flash 10% EC
Authors: Al-Shafiee Adeeb K , Kadihm Jamal H , Allwbawi Salwan AZJ
Published: April 2022

This study aimed to test the effect of two factors, biological (Bacillus cereus) and physical (infrared I.R.) in the transformation of the insecticide residue Flash10% EC on wheat plants. Pathogenicity in vitro experiments showed that B. cereus is not pathogenic on wheat seeds. On the other hand, there was no negative effect of the pesticide on bacteria in solid and liquid media, as the number of bacterial colonies in Flash + I.R treatment was 46.56 compared to the control treatment, which was 43.39. As for the field experiments with regard to the pesticide residues in the soil, the results showed that the highest concentration of the pesticide was 12.50 ppm in the treatment of uncultivated soil sprayed with Flash, while the lowest concentration of the pesticide appeared in the soil planted with wheat sprayed with Flash and (IR) + B-bacterium cerus, which was below the level of appreciation. As for the seed treatment, the highest concentration of the active substance 3.10 ppm appeared in the seeds treated with Flash in the absence of other treatments, while the lowest concentration (0.00) ppm appeared in the treatment of seeds treated with Flash treated with infrared (IR).
Third Body Perturbation Effect on Low Earth Orbit Satellite (GEOS-17)
Authors: Al-Sawad Amjad , Zaki Wafaa Hasan Ali , Kareem Mustafa Najat
Published: April 2022

Satellite communication systems have become an important element of the global telecommunications infrastructure, providing data, internet access, telephone, and navigation services to billions of people across the world. In this work, the analytical technique for third body perturbation on GEOS-17 orbit satellite computed for a long period At a time interval of 360 days, the dynamic development of Low Orbit is considered for different values of Eccentricity (𝑒 = 0.05, 𝑒 = 0.6, 𝑒 = 0.89). It was accomplished by utilizing the numerical output results from the celestial mechanics' version 1 software program package. Numerical motion simulations were performed using the Celestial Mechanics software program SATORB module (Beutler, 2005) created at the University of Bern's Institute of Astronomy. With input data given by the Two-Line Elements (TLE). Represented by six orbital elements and three Coordinates axis and three acceleration components which were used to solve the equation of motion analytically by variation of parameters equations (VOP) using a technique known as collocation method, also Matlab (2018) is used for analysis and plot the given figures The results indicated that the greatest effect is at highly elliptical orbit (𝑒 = 0.89) for orbital elements, coordinates axis and acceleration components due to orbit propagation and attractions forces.
Effect of Nano-Drip Irrigation and Crude Oil Application on Some Soil Physical Properties and Maize (Zea Mays L.) Production
Authors: Al-Maadhidi Laith Ghabash Khlewee , Al-Abaied A.I. , Al-Esawi Jabbar Sh. E.
Published: April 2022

A two factorial field experiment was conducted in loam soil as randomized complete block design with three replications during the spring season 2021, in Al-Hamidiyah research station (latitude33𝑜 27՚ 11.9՚N, longitude 43𝑜 23՚ 025՚𝐸(. To study the effect of nano-drip irrigation on soil bulk density, mean weight diameter and maize production. The first factor included crude oil application with two levels i.e., 1% and 0% while the second factor was two levels of irrigation, namely surface and sub-surface drip irrigation. The class A evaporation pan was used to determine the intervals between the irrigation events. The irrigation process was conducted when 50% of the available water is used. The soil bulk density, porosity, mean weight diameter and maize production were recorded. The obtained result showed that the lowest and highest soil bulk density were 1.37 and 1.62 Mg m-3 for the treatment SDIM. While the highest porosity was resulted from the treatment SSDIM reached 47%. The highest mean weight diameter was obtained from the treatment SSDIM by giving 0.39. Regarding the maize production, the highest yield was 1.399 kg.m-3 resulted from the treatment SSDIM.
Attitudes of Agricultural Extension Workers in Kirkuk Governorate towards Soil Mulching
Authors: Othman Gzng Muhsn , Mohammed Khattab Abdullah , Abdalrahman Harith Burhanaldeen
Published: April 2022

The study aims to identify the attitudes of agricultural extension workers in Kirkuk governorate towards soil mulching, As well as determining the correlation between the attitudes of agricultural extension workers in Kirkuk governorate towards soil mulching and each of the following variables: (age, gender, upbringing, academic achievement, duration of functional service, work location). The research included all workers in agricultural extension in the center of Kirkuk governorate, whose number is (343) persons, A random sample of (79) employees was selected of the research community. The data were collected using a questionnaire that consisted of two parts. The first part included a set of questions related to the distinctive characteristics of the respondents, while the second part included a scale consisting of (26) items, including positive and negative items, in front of which alternatives were placed (agree, neutral, disagree). It was given a numerical value (3, 2, 1) for the positive items and vice versa for the negative items. The data was analyzed using a set of statistical means using the SPSS program. The results showed that (83.54%) of the respondents working in agricultural extension had neutral to negative attitudes. The results also showed a significant correlation between the attitudes of agricultural extension workers towards using the soil mulching technique and each of (age, gender, upbringing, duration of functional service, and academic achievement), While there was no significant correlation with (work location). The researcher recommended the necessity of holding training courses for agricultural extension workers in Kirkuk governorate in the field of disseminating modern agricultural ideas and involving them in devising modern agricultural ideas.
GC-MS Analysis of Hexane Fraction of Indigofera Suffruticosa Plant Naturally Growing in Iraq
Authors: Ahmed Omar Hussein , Abbas Ali H. , Yaseen Yahya Saad , Ezghayer Mohammed A.
Published: April 2022

Objective: This work was to detect bioactive compounds and their derivatives in Indigofera Suffruticosa found in Iraq. Methods: The powdered leaves of Indigofera Suffruticosa were macerated for three days in n-hexane, then filtered, and the hexane fraction was submitted to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results: To differentiate the various physiologically active components, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to detect many types of high and low molecular weight chemical entities in crude extracts of Indigofera Suffruticosa's hexane fraction. The presence of 62 distinct components was discovered using GC/MS. Conclusion: Major bioactive chemicals contained in Indigofera Suffruticosa were discovered and described spectroscopically in the hexane fraction of the plant. As a result, the discovery of many physiologically active chemicals in plant leaf extracts calls for more biological and pharmacological research.
Dapagliflozin Treatment Improves Cardiac Remodeling and Dysfunction in Heart Failure Induced Rats
Authors: Mahmoud Nevertyty M. , Fahmy Nabila H. , Fadaly Doaa S. , Kabil Soad L.
Published: April 2022

Background: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor dapagliflozin is a novel antihyperglycemic drug that has cardioprotective effects. It has been shown to minimize the incidence of cardiovascular mortality and heart failure (HF) hospitalization. Furthermore, these benefits may remain regardless of the existence of diabetes. However, the mechanisms by which dapagliflozin mediates these effects in HF patient are unknown, and its efficacy and practical use are still debatable. Objectives: to assess the therapeutic effect of dapagliflozin on rat with experimentally induced HF and its possible underlying mechanism of action. Methods: The left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery was ligated in rats to induce HF. Dapagliflozin (1 mg/kg/day) was given by gavage for four weeks. Heart weight (HW), Body weight (BW), blood pressure, heart rate (HR), fasting serum glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), cardiac injury markers [creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)], markers of fibrosis [transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), procollagen I C-terminal propeptide (PICP), procollagen III N-terminal peptide (PIIINT)], mediators of inflamation [tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)], markers of oxidative stress [super oxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA)] and mediators of apoptosis (caspase 3 and BCL-2) were assessed. Histopathological examinations were performed using hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) for the heart, lung, and liver, and masson trichrome for heart. Results: Dapagliflozin decreased HW, HW/BW, cardiac injury markers, markers of fibrosis, mediators of inflammation, MDA and cardiac level of Caspase 3, while increased levels of SOD and BCL-2 in HF-induced rats. Dapagliflozin also improved the histopathological picture of heart, liver and lung. Conclusion: Dapagliflozin attenuated fibrosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in HF-induced rats, thereby alleviating myocardial remodeling and dysfunction. Dapagliflozin alleviated histopathological changes in the hearts, lungs, and livers.
The Role of Adropin as a Novel Biomarker in Iraqi Patients with Parkinson's Disease and Osteoporosis
Authors: Al-Dulaimi Lama. Musab , Mohammed Taghreed. Uloom.
Published: April 2022

Adropin, a 4.9 kDa peptide encoded by the energy homeostasis associated gene (Enho) on chromosome 9, is synthesized by a number of organs including the central nervous system (pia mater, neurons neuroglial cells, Purkinje cells, granular layer, and vascular area), the kidney, heart, pancreas, liver and the human umbilical vein. Adropin's half-life is unknown at the moment, however it might last anywhere from a few minutes to half an hour, which is similar to other secretory proteins. Adropin's biological actions are mediated by the orphan G protein-coupled receptor 19 being activated (GPR19). The focus of this research was to evaluate serum adropin rates in Patients with parkinson with osteoporosis disease and in Parkinson's patients without osteoporosis disease, and to analyse the outcomes with control groups, as well as to investigate the relationship between Adropin levels and anthropometric and clinical features (age, gender, BMI), serum parathyroid hormones (vitamin D3, calcium, and phosphorous), and glucose. Eighty people participated in the experiment and were divided into two groups. Parkinson's disease patients with osteoporosis illness (G1), Parkinson's disease patients without osteoporosis disease (G2), and control participants (G3) All of the research participants came from the Specialized Center for Parkinson's Disease with Osteoporosis in Baghdad/Alrisafa. G1, G2, and G3 were between the ages of 55 and 67, 38 and 75, and 55 and 66, respectively. In all of the groups surveyed, the ratio of males to females is increasing. This can be linked to the fact that males have a higher incidence and prevalence of Parkinson's disease than females. The results showed that the mean mean serum Adropin values in G1 (586.020 ±17.858 pg/mL) and G3 (584.572± 34.022 pg/mL) were considerably higher (P=0.0001) than the mean serum adropin in G2 (216.928±26.032 pg/mL), while the mean serum adropin in G1 (586.020± 17.858 pg/mL) was slightly higher than the mean serumG3. The investigation also included an examination of the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves for blood adropin levels when used as a test to divide people into cases and controls, as well as a calculation of the "cut-off value" for diagnosing the condition with the best specificity and sensitivity.
Faculty adoption of online teaching during the Covid-19 pandemic: A lens of diffusion of innovation theory
Authors: Çakıroğlu Ünal , Saylan Esin , Çevik İsak , Mollamehmetoğlu Mehmet Zülküf , Timuçin Emine
Published: April 2022

During the Covid-19 pandemic, higher education shifted from face-to-face to online education and teachers had various perspectives about remedying the challenges of this mandatory situation. Drawing on the diffusion of innovation theory as a theoretical lens to better understand the change in the adoptions of the faculty during the pandemic, we surveyed 307 academics with an online questionnaire. The results indicated that the adopters in this study were innovators (11%), early adopters (23%), early majority (18%), late majority (22%), and laggards (26%), revealing somewhat different percentages from the values in the theoretical model. This can be explained by the fact that innovations that require an emergency situation bring about changes in the values of the adopter categories. Examining the questionnaire data, we categorised the results as support, functionality, guidance, interaction, adaptation and the features of synchronous lessons influencing the diffusion of innovation during the new emergency teaching condition. The adoption process was discussed through the factors influencing these dimensions. The implications of notable findings and directions for future studies have been provided.
Implications for practice or policy:

Academics may have better online learning experiences in various designs and applications at universities.
Academics may be prepared for unexpected teaching situations with adequate and appropriate organisational, technical and learning support to achieve quality outputs.
All educational institutions, academics, and universities in particular, can be guided to adopt technologies more easily and quickly in such situations as future pandemics, wars, etc.
Preparation and characterization of Sparassis latifolia β-glucan microcapsules
Authors: Zhang Mei , Lou Ben-Yong , Zhang Yan-Jie , Mei Shu-Jia , Gao Lu-Yao , Chen Wei-Jian
Published: April 2022

In order to effectively protect the biological activity of Sparassis latifolia β-glucan, improve its stability, and realize its high-value utilization, single-factor test and orthogonal test were carried out to optimize the microencapsulation conditions of S. latifolia β-glucan prepared using spray drying method. The β-glucan microcapsules were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and laser particle size analyzer. The results showed that the optimal microencapsulation conditions were as follows: maltodextrin and whey protein with a mass ratio of 1:2, core and wall material with a mass ratio of 1:2, and monoglyceride and core material with a mass percentage of 0.3. Under these conditions, the powder yield and embedding rate of β-glucan microcapsules were 47.32 ± 0.58% and 86.76 ± 1.19%, respectively. The preparation technique was proved to be stable. The β-glucan microcapsules were spherical particles, with the characteristics of a smooth surface, no cracks. The particle size of microcapsules was smaller, and its Dv (50) was 8.43 µm. The distribution of microcapsules was more uniform, and its uniformity was 0.503. The good embedding performance and high thermal stability can effectively protect the biological activity of the core material.