bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transformações na cientificidade e o ajuste inferencial na Ciência Política: argumento e evidências na produção de alto fator de impacto
Authors: da Cunha Rezende Flávio
Published: November 2017

Resumo O artigo analisa as transformações nos padrões de cientificidade da Ciência Política ao longo das duas últimas décadas. A análise oferece evidências que corroboram a hipótese de que a produção de alto fator de impacto na Ciência Política vem passando por um processo de ajuste às regras de inferência. Este ajuste termina por configurar uma condição característica que conceituamos como o Pluralismo Inferencial, no qual coexistem múltiplas lógicas de causação para a produção de inferências válidas. A partir de uma metodologia original e de dados de contagem, a análise empírica busca testar a ocorrência deste ajuste numa população composta por 2.331 artigos publicados em cinco periódicos no período 2005-2015.
Redistribuição de renda, pobreza e desigualdade territorial no Brasil
Authors: Araújo Victor , Flores Paulo
Published: November 2017

Resumo Políticas redistributivas centralizadas podem induzir resultados desiguais entre os territórios? Respondemos afirmativamente a esta questão, apresentando evidências de que a transferência de renda para indivíduos, promovida por uma política social em que a arrecadação e o gasto são centralizados, como o Benefício de Prestação Continuada (BPC), não se traduz automaticamente em redistribuição de recursos entre territórios. Embora a adoção de políticas de redistribuição de renda no nível interpessoal seja importante para suavizar as tendências de extrema pobreza, estes ganhos em bem-estar não reduzem mecanicamente as disparidades entre as regiões brasileiras. Nas situações em que fatores exógenos à estrutura fiscal impedem que a alocação de recursos siga a distribuição espacial da necessidade, políticas redistributivas centralizadas podem colaborar para o aumento da desigualdade territorial.
IMPLEMENTING MINIMUM AREA HARVESTING BLOCKS IN AN OPTIMIZED FOREST PLANNING MODEL1
Authors: Augustynczik Andrey Lessa Derci , Arce Julio Eduardo , Silva Arinei Carlos Lindbeck da
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT The spatial relationships between forest stands scheduled for harvesting are crucial for forest planning, once they affect directly environmental impacts and logistic aspects related to this operation. In this context, the objective of this study was to perform the optimized forest planning of a Pinus taeda, Pinus elliottii and Eucalyptus dunnii forest, composed by 236 stands, including minimum area constraints. Two approaches were applied for clustering harvesting activities. The first approach considered the inclusion of a set of constraints so-called ring inequalities, proposed by Carvajal et al. (2013). The second approach was based on the formulation proposed by Rebain and McDill (2003) for the creation of old-growth forest areas. Both formulations were capable to generate harvesting blocks with minimum area requirements, causing a reduction up to 5.1% in the objective function for the most restrictive scenario. We conclude that the formulation based on Carvajal et al. (2013) is the best alternative when only minimum area constraints are considered, due to the inferior number of constraints and superior performance in terms of the NPV generated.
Assessment of patient’s anxiety and expectation associated with hemodynamic changes during surgical procedure under local anesthesia
Authors: DANTAS Marcos Vinícius Mendes , NESSO Bianca , MITUUTI Daniel Sagawa , GABRIELLI Marisa Aparecida Cabrini
Published: November 2017

Abstract Introduction The dental patient’s anxiety and expectation may significantly alter their vital signs. The use of local anesthetics associated with a vasoconstrictor may also alter the vital signs of these patients, promoting hemodynamic changes that may result in emergency situations. Objective To evaluate the influence of anxiety of patients submitted to third molar extraction and the use of different anesthetic substances with adrenaline on their vital signs (oxygen saturation, heart rate, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure) in different moments. Material and method Forty patients answered the questionnaire of the Dental Anxiety Scale (Corah’s Scale) and fear (KleinKnecht’s Scale) and were submitted to third molar extraction in two surgical times for the use of articaine or mepivacaine, both associated with adrenaline. The results were analyzed by ANOVA followed by Tukey post hoc test, Student's t test, and Pearson's correlation coefficients (α=0.05). Result There was no significant differences in saturation or heart rate. The blood pressure showed significant variations during time for both anesthetics, however mepivacaine resulted in a longer postoperative time to restore blood pressure. Patients with high or moderate anxiety and high fear index were those who had positive correlations with the highest blood pressure values. Conclusion Anxiety and fear positively influence the increase in blood pressure. Mepivacaine promoted a greater resistance to the return of normal vital signs, especially blood pressure levels.
Private pension funds: passivity at active fund prices
Authors: Campani Carlos Heitor , Brito Leonardo Mesquita de
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT From 2005 to 2015, the total assets managed by open private pension funds increased more than six times in Brazil, where the Free Benefit Generating Plan (PGBL) and the Free Benefit Generating Life (VGBL) represent 90% of these assets. However, private pension institutions are characterized by the collection of high management fees, thus keeping for themselves much of the benefits offered by the government as incentive for investment in this modality. High management fees are justified only when there is active management of these funds, theoretically generating higher performance: this study indicates that this is not the case in this market segment. Similar problems have been faced in other countries, such as the United Kingdom, Denmark, and Sweden, which filed investigation concerning funds that charge high management fees for active management, while they actually provide management that may be regarded as passive. This demonstrates the scale and relevance of this issue, which has been surveyed and addressed by this study. To do this, dynamic style analysis was performed, through rolling regressions, followed by Kalman filter analysis in funds from the top-five private pension institutions in Brazil. Analyzing the exposure evolution of these funds to various asset classes and the R2 generated, passivity traces were found, mainly in composite variable income funds. Such funds are precisely those that should be more actively managed, as they charge the highest management fees. This article also demonstrates it is possible to build a passive portfolio, having a very similar style and returns without statistically significant differences, but at a lower management fee (and aligned with passive funds).
Quiinaceae do Nordeste
Authors: Alves-Araújo Anderson , Lucena Maria Fátima Araújo , Alves Marccus
Published: October 2017

Resumo Quiinaceae está representada no Nordeste do Brasil por quatro espécies e dois gêneros: Lacunaria crenata, Quiina cruegeriana, Q. florida e Q. glazovii. Na Região, ocorrem exclusivamente em floresta atlântica, com preferência por ambientes mais úmidos e preservados. São registrados casos de endemismos na floresta atlântica (Q. glazovii) e disjunção entre as florestas amazônica e atlântica ao norte do rio São Francisco (Q. cruegeriana e Q. florida). São apresentados comentários sobre distribuição geográfica, habitats, caracteres diagnósticos e ilustrações, além de um novo sinônimo.
Challenges of nursing teaching-learning to care for human dying - professors' perceptions
Authors: Nunes Emanuelle Caires Dias Araújo , Santos Andressa de Andrade
Published: October 2017

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate professors' perceptions about their experiences in the teaching-learning process of nursing care in relation to dying. This is a descriptive-exploratory, qualitative research, delimited by data saturation, was carried out with 11 nursing professors from three higher education institutions. Data collection involved the drawing-text theme technique and a semi-structured interview. Analysis used the technique of collective subject discourse. The results identified three categories: How I would like to take care in the context of finitude - my challenge; Challenging fragilities in the teaching of nurses in the context of care concerned with death and dying; Strategies to compensate or promote more substantial nurse training related to care in finitude. We conclude that the graduation of the nurses studied did not satisfactorily develop the necessary skills and abilities to deal with human death and dying. This study infers the need of permanent education to support transformations in this area.
Dimensioning of hospital nursing personnel: study with brazilian official parameters of 2004 and 2017
Authors: Vasconcelos Raíssa Ottes , Rigo Denise de Fátima Hoffmann , Marques Luis Guilherme Sbrolini , Nicola Anair Lazzari , Tonini Nelsi Salete , Oliveira João Lucas Campos de
Published: October 2017

Abstract Objective: To investigate the dimensions of the nursing team of a hospital unit according to the official Brazilian parameters of 2004 and 2017 and compare the dimensioned conditions to the actual condition existing. Method: A cross-sectional study with data from patients (n = 325) hospitalized in the Neurology and Orthopedics unit of a university hospital in Paraná, Brazil. Data from the Patient Classification System related to nursing work, as well as sociodemographic and clinical variables of the clientele were compiled. The dimensioning of the nursing staff followed the Federal Nursing Council Resolutions of 2004 and 2017. Results: The profile of the patients showed predominantly men (66.46%) hospitalized for Orthopedics (49.58%). The negative difference of professionals dimensioned compared to the actual condition was more evident for the category of nurses, below both the parameters of 2004 (-8) and 2017 (-11). Conclusions: The number of nursing staff in the unit was insufficient.
DIAGNÓSTICO E ANÁLISE DAS COMPETÊNCIAS DOS CONSELHEIROS DE ADMINISTRAÇÃO
Authors: NEVES ARTUR CARLOS DAS , CARVALHINHA PAULO URBANI , MURITIBA PATRICIA MORILHA , MURITIBA SERGIO NUNES
Published: November 2017

RESUMO Um dos problemas-chave ao se estruturar um conselho de Administração é arquitetar o perfil de competências dos membros do conselho. Este estudo parte da teoria de competências para analisar o escopo de competências individuais dos conselheiros de Administração. Procura-se responder: Quais são as competências requeridas aos conselheiros de Administração em empresas de capital fechado? Quais características dos conselheiros podem ser prejudiciais à performance do próprio conselheiro e, em última instância, do conselho como órgão colegiado e da empresa? Para isso, foi feito um estudo com o método de grounded theory, baseado em entrevistas com 12 conselheiros de Administração de empresas de capital fechado, que possuem no mínimo cinco anos de experiência como conselheiros e extensa carreira como executivos da alta Administração. As proposições e modelo teórico proposto apontaram um conjunto maior de competências comportamentais com relação às competências técnicas, o que complementa os estudos anteriores sobre o tema.
Type C waterborne botulism outbreaks in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in the Amazon region
Authors: Salvarani Felipe M. , Otaka Denis Y. , Oliveira Carlos M.C. , Reis Alessandra S.B. , Perdigão Hugo H. , Souza Antônio E.C. , Brito Marilene F. , Barbosa José D.
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT: Botulism is a poisoning caused by botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs). BoNTs serotypes C and D are involved in botulism outbreaks in cattle in several countries. Despite the high number of buffaloes worldwide, the real impact of botulism in buffaloes is not known, because it is not a notifiable disease in Brazil and only few studies have evaluated the occurrence of the disease in buffaloes. Those studies did not conduct diagnostic tests to confirm the presence of BoNTs. The objective of the present study was to describe three outbreaks of botulism in buffaloes in the Brazilian Amazon region considering epidemiological and clinical data as well as laboratory diagnosis to confirm the presence of BoNTs. The results of the bioassay were negative in the tissues and in feed samples, but positive for BoNT C in water samples. Confirmation of the occurrence of botulism in buffaloes allows the implementation of preventive strategies in susceptible herds. Waterborne botulism in buffaloes is prevented by ensuring the constant circulation of water collections and restricting the presence of dead animals and bones in order to prevent the accumulation of organic matter and the development of anaerobic conditions, which might favor the replication of Clostridium botulinum. Another measure that can be adopted is the shading of the pasture, in order to maintain the thermal comfort for the buffaloes and to avoid the excess of permanence of them in the water pools.
PHENOLICS IN TWO Alternanthera SPECIES RESIDUES AFFECT THE GERMINATION AND EARLY SEEDLING GROWTH OF RICE (Oryza sativa)
Authors: MEHMOOD A. , TANVEER A. , NADEEM M.A. , MAQBOOL R. , ALI H.H.
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT Alternanthera species are invasive aquatic/semi-aquatic weeds posing a serious threat to agro-biodiversity in several countries in the world. The present study was conducted to assess the phytotoxic effects of Alternanthera philoxeroides and A. sessilis residues on emergence and early seedling growth traits of rice (Oryza sativa). Soil was prepared with 4% (w/w) Alternanthera species residues separately and allowed to decay for 0, 15 and 30 days. Rice emergence was significantly decreased but increase in mean emergence time and time to 50% emergence was observed in soils modified with Alternanthera species residues compared with seed sown in unmodified soils. Rice emergence was reduced to 50-67% and 52-75% by A. sessilis and A. philoxeroides, respectively. A significant reduction in rice root, shoot length, and biomass was also noted with Alternanthera-infested soil. Total phenolics increased with increasing residue decay time in both species thereby showing their direct interaction with emergence and seedling traits of rice. The phenolic compounds identified were namely Quercitin, Chlorogenic acid, P-Coumeric acid, Trans-4-hydroxy3-methoxy, Cinamic acid, Caffeic acid, Syringic acid, Sinapic acid, Vanillic acid, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzoic acid.
SELECTIVITY OF LINURON HERBICIDE FOR CARROT WHEN SPRAYED IN POST-EMERGENCE
Authors: CORREIA N.M. , CARVALHO A.D.F.
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT Among the herbicides registered for carrot crop in Brazil, linuron is the most used one, according to horticulturists. However, there are few reports in the literature on its selectivity for the carrot plants. Therefore, the aim of this work is to study the selectivity of linuron herbicide for growing carrots, influenced by genotype, product dosing, and plant development phase at the time of application. This work included four experiments, one in greenhouse, and three in the field, in area of commercial carrot production. In the greenhouse, the experimental design was completely randomized in factorial scheme 4 x 2 x 3, with four replications. Linuron, at doses 0, 225, 450 and 675 g a.i. ha-1 was sprayed in plants with 1 and 2-3 true leaves of cultivars Brasilia, Kuronan and Verano. In the field, two experiments were carried out, one with the cultivar Verano and the other with BRS Planalto. In three experiments, the experimental design was a randomized block in factorial 2 x 5, with four replications. Verano or BRS Planalto plants were sprayed, in two stages of development (1 and 3 true leaves for Verano, and 1 and 2 true leaves for BRS Planalto), with 0, 225, 450, 675 and 990 g a.i. ha-1 of linuron. Post-emergence herbicide linuron was selective for growing carrots, regardless of cultivar, product dosage and plant development stage at the time of application.
DIFFERENTIAL TOLERANCE OF SUGARCANE CULTIVARS TO CLOMAZONE
Authors: BARCELLOS JÚNIOR L.H. , PEREIRA G.A.M. , GONÇALVES V.A. , MATOS C.C. , SILVA A.A.
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT Weed control is one of the most relevant costs of sugarcane production. If weeds are not controlled at the right time, the productivity and longevity of sugarcane plantations are reduced. In this crop, chemical control is the most used method, since it is efficient and it has a lower cost. Differentiated tolerance of sugarcane cultivars to the herbicide clomazone has been observed in the fields. However, there is no scientific evidence of this effect on the productivity of crops. This study evaluated the effects of clomazone on three sugarcane cultivars (RB966928, RB93579 and RB867515). Herbicide application was performed 40 days after the emergence of sugarcane plants and 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after the application, the toxicity caused by the herbicide in the culture was evaluated through grades ranging from 0 (no toxicity) to 100 (plant death). The harvest was performed 580 days after the herbicide application. On this occasion, the length and diameter of the stem, number of tillers, tons of stems per hectare, total soluble solids of the juice, sucrose of the juice, apparent purity of the juice, sugarcane fiber, reducing sugars and total recoverable sugars were evaluated. The differential tolerance among sugarcane cultivars in response to clomazone application in the early stages of crop development was confirmed. Nevertheless, in all cultivars, the symptoms of intoxication disappeared over time and did not reflect on crop productivity. It was concluded that plant control in the sugarcane crop with clomazone, following the recommendation of the manufacturer, does not interfere negatively in the growth, development and productivity of the crop.
WEED COMPETITION WITH SOYBEAN IN NO-TILLAGE AGROFORESTRY AND SOLE-CROP SYSTEMS IN SUBTROPICAL BRAZIL
Authors: DEISS L. , MORAES A. , PELISSARI A. , FRANZLUEBBERS A.J. , NETO F.S. , PONTES L.S. , BARRO R.S. , SZYMCZAK L.S.
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT Weed competition on soybean (Glycine max) growth and yield was expected to be different when managed in an agroforestry system as compared with sole-cropping without trees. Therefore agronomic practices to control weeds might need to be modified in agroforestry systems. We analyzed weed competition effects on soybean growth, grain yield, and yield components at different distances from 4year-old eucalyptus (Eucalyptus benthamii) in an alley cropping system, as well as in a sole-crop system in southern Brazil. Above-ground soybean biomass was collected throughout the growing season and a logistic function was used to model crop growth. Weed above-ground biomass sampled during the soybean cycle, and grain yield and yield components at the end of the growing season were evaluated using regression analysis across positions between tree lines, and results compared to those without influence of trees. Soybean yield components were mostly reduced between tree lines compared with sole-cropping without trees. Soybean growth and yield within the eucalyptus agroforestry system was not affected by weed competition. However, weeds reduced soybean growth and yield in sole-cropping without trees. Reduction in soybean yield in the agroforestry system was rather caused by competition from trees. Therefore, tree interference may limit both weed and soybean growth potential.
Morphological variability in populations of the fiddler crab Leptuca uruguayensis (Nobili, 1901) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Ocypodidae) from South America
Authors: Masunari Setuko , Martins Salise Brandt , Marochi Murilo Zanetti , Serra Wilson Sebastián , Scarabino Fabrizio
Published: November 2017

Abstract A comparative study on size and shape of Leptuca uruguayensis was carried out between populations from Garças River, Brazil (BP), and Solís Grande River, Uruguay (UP). The size of the onset of sexual maturity was also estimated for UP. A total of 36 crabs BP and 387 crabs UP were analyzed. In the relative growth analysis, carapace width (CW) for both sexes, major cheliped length (LMC) for males and abdomen width (AW) for females were measured. The centroid size of carapace (1.40±0.19 cm BP and 1.88±0.30 cm UP) and cheliped (1.16±0.22 cm BP and 1.58±0.45 cm UP) differed significantly (p<0.001). The shape also differed significantly (p<0.001), having UP wider carapace than BP, rostrum projected forward and posterior margin positioned more anteriorly; the cheliped of UP was also wider than BP. In UP, males' CW ranged 4.28-19.5 mm and females' 2.53-16.3 mm CW; males' LMC ranged 1.79-31.60 mm and females' AW, 0.80-8.53 mm. The onset of sexual maturity of UP was estimated in 12.20 mm CW for males and 7.81 mm for females. These differences are likely related to abiotic variables acting distinctly in the two localities.
Detection and molecular characterization of Trypanosoma (Duttonella) vivax in dairy cattle in the state of Sergipe, northeastern Brazil
Authors: Vieira Osires Lustosa Eloi , Macedo Lucia Oliveira de , Santos Marcos Antônio Bezerra , Silva José Augusto Bastos Afonso , Mendonça Carla Lopes de , Faustino Maria Aparecida da Gloria , Ramos Carlos Alberto do Nascimento , Alves Leucio Câmara , Ramos Rafael Antonio Nascimento , Carvalho Gílcia Aparecida de
Published: October 2017

Abstract Trypanosoma (Duttonella) vivax is an important cause of economic losses among feedlot cattle. These losses are related to the morbidity, mortality, reproductive issues and decreased production. It is known that the clinical signs observed in infections by this protozoon are similar to other hemoparasitosis, which difficult the diagnosis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to detect and molecularly characterize an outbreak of trypanosomiasis caused by T. (D.) vivax in dairy cattle in the municipality of São Miguel Aleixo, state of Sergipe, Brazil. Blood samples from cattle (n = 15) presenting clinical signs compatible with trypanosomiasis were collected and parasitological and molecular evaluated. Among the samples analyzed, 34% (5/15) were positive from blood smears, 60% (9/15) from the buffy coat method and 80% (12/15) from the molecular method. The DNA sequence obtained (659 bp) showed 99% similarity to T. (D.) vivax sequences that are available in the GenBank database. The presence of this protozoon in cattle herds is a problem for producers. Diagnosing trypanosomiasis is problematic because its evolution is similar to that of other parasitic blood diseases. In addition, this is the first report of infection by T. (D.) vivax in cattle in the state of Sergipe, northeastern Brazil.
Georeferenced monitoring of displacements of gabion walls
Authors: Campelo Nilton de Souza , Santoro Filho Mario Jorge Gonçalves , Valadares Otávio César de Paiva , Paes Michael Douglas da Costa , Aragão Aroldo Figueiredo
Published: October 2017

Gravity retaining structures in gabion walls were built in the outdoor area of a shopping centre in the city of Manaus, State of Amazonas, Brazil. When the project was about half-way completed, horizontal displacements began to show excessive ‘bulging’, causing the stoppage of construction. Later studies revealed that the original geometric sections did not meet the requirements of internal, external and global geotechnical stability. Hence, it was necessary to study some alternatives to circumvent the problem. The fastest and most economical alternative proved to be increasing the cross-section of the walls, through the excavation of the backfill. The reconstruction of the walls and subsequent backfill compaction were performed step by step. The new cross-sections of the walls improved their theoretical and constructive stability, and this was proven by subsequent monitoring of horizontal and vertical displacements. It was found that the largest horizontal and vertical displacements of the gabion wall were about 20 mm and 11 mm, respectively.
Early-age residual stress and stress relaxation of high-performance concrete containing fly ash
Authors: Shen Dejian , Liu Kaiqi , Ji Yong , Shi Huafeng , Zhang Jinyang
Published: October 2017

High-performance concrete (HPC) is widely used. However, HPC with a low water-to-binder ratio generally experiences rather high autogenous shrinkage. If restrained, autogenous shrinkage can result in the development of residual tensile stresses that may be sufficient to cause cracking at an early age. Fly ash (FA) has been utilised as a mineral admixture to reduce shrinkage and improve the durability of HPC. Although shrinkage development and early-age cracking resistance of HPC under restraint have been investigated, research on the stress relaxation of HPC with FA by ring tests is limited. Restrained ring tests on the cracking resistance of HPC using FA as 0, 20, 35 and 50% by weight replacements of cement were conducted. The test results showed that: free shrinkage decreased with an increase in FA replacement ratio; the actual strain in the steel ring decreased with increasing FA replacement; the residual stress of the concrete ring decreased with increasing FA replacement; the ratio of maximum residual stress to time-dependent splitting tensile strength decreased with an increase in FA replacement; the relaxed stress was almost constant when the FA replacement ratio increased from 0 to 20%, and decreased when the FA replacement ratio increased from 20% to 35% and 50%; and the cracking potential based on stress rate decreased when the FA replacement ratio increased from 0 to 20% and 35%, and increased when the FA replacement ratio increased from 35% to 50%.
Studying the representative volume of concrete using the entropy weight–grey correlation model
Authors: Yin Yajuan , Ren Qingwen
Published: October 2017

The representative volume element (RVE) plays an important role in the study of concrete properties. Meanwhile, RVE size determination itself is an issue that needs further study. For the first time, the problem of determining RVE size based on several factors is regarded as a multi-objective decision-making problem. A new method, the entropy weight–grey correlation model, is proposed, by comprehensively considering the influence of coarse aggregate content, aggregate average particle size and the aggregate fineness modulus. A two-dimensional concrete aggregate specimen, randomly generated by numerical simulation with an aggregate size of 5–20 mm, is taken as a case study, and the RVE size is determined as 6–7 times the maximum aggregate size. Then the finite-element method is used to verify its mechanical properties. This new method has the advantage of depending less on variable data compared to the traditional method, indicating a wider range of applicability. Additionally, the model is applied to determine the RVE size of three-dimensional concrete, which is similar to two-dimensional concrete. It provides a new comprehensive insight for the study of concrete RVE size, which could also be extended to apply to determining the RVE of other composite materials.
Teachers’ Declared Intentions to Shift Practice to Incorporate Second Language Acquisition (SLA) Theories
Authors: Markham Paul , Rice Mary , Darban Behnaz , Weng Tsung-Han
Published: November 2017

While the number of English Learners (ELs) in the United States is steadily growing in most states, teacher preparation for working with ELs is far from universal. It fact, it is contested terrain as to whether information about topics like Second Language Acquisition (SLA) are helpful generally, and if so, what theories teachers are willing to adopt. The purpose of this study was to learn whether teachers in an SLA theory course would declare intentions to change their notions about SLA and express them as desire to shift practice. We also wondered if there were differences in pre-service versus in-service and international versus domestic students. The results confirmed that the participants were willing to change their initial theories because of participating in a second language acquisition course that presented information about SLA theories at a Completely Different or Somewhat Different level by the end of the course.
Sentiment Analysis of Spanish Words of Arabic Origin Related to Islam: A Social Network Analysis
Authors: Mostafa Mohamed M. , Nebot Nicolás Roser
Published: November 2017

With the arrival of Muslims in 711 till their expulsion in the 1600s, Arabic language was present in Spain for more than eight centuries. Although social networks have become a valuable resource for mining sentiments, there is no previous research investigating the layman’s sentiment towards Spanish words of Arabic etymology related to Islamic terminology. This study aim at analyzing Spanish words of Arabic origin related to Islam. A random sample of 4586 out of 45860 tweets was used to evaluate general sentiment towards some Spanish words of Arabic origin related to Islam. An expert-predefined Spanish lexicon of around 6800 seed adjectives was used to conduct the analysis. Results indicate a generally positive sentiment towards several Spanish words of Arabic etymology related to Islam. By implementing both a qualitative and quantitative methodology to analyze tweets’ sentiments towards Spanish words of Arabic etymology, this research adds breadth and depth to the debate over Arabic linguistic influence on Spanish vocabulary.
“Nigerian Students in the American ESL Freshman Writing Class: A Site of Resistance and Accommodation”
Authors: Liu Yingqin , Carney William
Published: November 2017

Two groups of undergraduate students, one composed of 15 Nigerian students studying at a public university in the US and a similar one composed of US-born students from the same university composed short essay drafts in response to the same writing prompt. These essays were read by the researchers and a group of student assistants to assess the differences between the two groups. The Nigerian students wrote longer essays with longer sentences and were more likely to use subordination than were their US counterparts. Both groups then participated in focus groups to discuss their English language education, university experiences, and attitudes toward college writing. The Nigerian students viewed the development of English writing skills as much more important than did their US counterparts but expressed frustration that their instructors in the US tended to dismiss what they saw as more eloquent writing, privileging instead a brief and concise style. The article discusses the results of the study as well as the frustration expressed by the Nigerian students and argues in support of Lee’s (2014) assertion that universities seek to “internationalize” faculty and student recruitment as well as provide better training for first-year composition instructors to equip them with a more sophisticated understanding of the varieties of the English language. The authors suggest that doing so will lead to better outcomes and increased retention for this group of international students.
Construction and Deconstruction of Imagined Community—A Comparative Study of Daniel Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe and J. M. Coetzee’s Foe in Light of Nationalism
Authors: Han Wenju
Published: November 2017

This paper makes a comparative study of Daniel Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe and J. M. Coetzee’s Foe in light of nationalism. Robinson Crusoe and Foe have been studied comparatively from the perspective of post-colonialism and postmodernism. But they haven’t been studied in light of nationalism. This paper argues that Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe contributed to form the nation of England as an imagined community, shaped “Englishness” and Euro-centrism, but J. M. Coetzee’s Foe deconstructed “Englishness” and Euro-centrism, aroused the national imagination of the Africans by rewriting it, so as to expose the fact that Euro-centrism was constructed by language, indict the Dutch and English colonial administration in South Africa and its profound and lasting hurt: the deprivation of the rights of speech, the destruction of their culture, and encourage the Africans to eliminate cultural inferiority and discrimination by creating new voice.
Mass Calculations of Electrostatic Potentials and Molecular Surface Maps of Proteins and Nucleic Acids in a Distributed Computer Environment: Workflow and Algorithms
Authors: Акишина Т.П. , Akishina T.P.
Published: October 2017

The two key factors determining processes of transcription and translation within each single cell are the distributions of electrostatic potential,
and the molecular surface structures of nucleic acids, of transcription factors, and of their complexes. However, calculations of electrostatic
potentials and molecular surface maps are time consuming and require too much computer resources. To resolve the issues, we have developed
a technology and a software for calculations in a distributed computational media containing thousands of processor cores.
Inspiratory muscle training improves strength and health-related quality of life in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Soares Viviane , Oliveira-Silva Iransé , Silva Maria Sebastiana , Venâncio Patrícia Espíndola Mota , Oliveira Luís Vicente Franco , Lima William Alves , Júnior Jairo Teixeira , Tolentino Grassyara Pinho , Bizinotto Thailyne
Published: October 2017

Background: Patients undergone hemodialysis (HD) suffer with energy-protein malnutrition, uremic myopathy and protein catabolism reducing their functional capacity, tolerance to exercise and aspects related to quality of life. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the two protocols of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on muscle strength, pulmonary function and related-health quality of life on male HD patients. Methods: Maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1 ), forced vital capacity (FVC) and the FEV1 /FVC ratio and quality of life were evaluated pre and post six months of IMT in HD patients. IMT was performed by one group using a specific training (Power breathe) device (T-IMT, n=19) and by the other with incentive spirometry (I-IMT, n= 15). Results: Following the inspiratory training, muscle strength improved in both groups. The group that used incentive spirometry had increments in MIP larger (39.8%, p<0.001) than the group that trained with the specific training device (28.3%, p=0.001). The KDQOL-SF dimensions showed significant difference in the T-IMT group in cognitive function (p=0.03), sexual function (p=0.009) and social function dimensions (p=0.04) and in the I-IMT group in the physical function dimension (p=0.03). Conclusion: It was proved that IMT improved muscle strength and I-IMT promoted increments significantly larger in MIP. Aspects of health-related quality of life of HD male patients improved significantly with T-IMT (sexual, social and cognitive functions), while I-IMT ameliorated only physical function.
La validez jurídica de los documentos electrónicos en Colombia a partir de sus evolución legislativa y jurisprudencial
Authors: Flo´´rez Germán Dario
Published: October 2017

El presente escrito tiene como objetivo realizar una descripción de los principales elementos que ha servido como fundamento para el reconocimiento de la validez jurídica de los documentos electrónicos. Para ello hemos tomado como base un análisis jurisprudencial, legislativo y doctrinario en 4 elementos que consideramos fundamentales a la hora de analizar estos aspectos: 1. Los mensajes de Datos en la Ley Colombiana de Comercio Electrónico. 2. La firma electrónica y su validez jurídica. 3. La notificación por medios electrónicos y 4. La validez probatoria de los documentos electrónicos. Analizando estos aspectos esperamos dar una visión global sobre el uso y más específicamente sobre el reconocimiento que nuestro sistema jurídico le ha otorgado a los mensajes de datos a partir de la promulgación de la Ley 527 de 1999
Dicotomías en el sistema jurídico indígena
Authors: García Lozano Luisa Fernanda , Duarte Castilla David Ricardo
Published: October 2017

En el presente texto se busca responder a la pregunta ¿El reconocimiento del derecho indígena y la falta de desarrollo legal del sistema jurídico indígena ha producido un derecho relativizado, trayendo consigo, en algunos casos, abusos de poder, pérdida de identidad e incluso violaciones de los derechos fundamentales? Teniendo como base en una metodología dogmática, hipotética deductiva y comparativa, el texto demuestra en tres situaciones que se han denominado dicotomías, la cuales pretenden explicar cómo en la práctica se enfrentan las garantías legales a la pérdida de la cultura, abuso del poder y violaciones de los Derechos Humanos.
Acción humanitaria y desarrollo
Authors: Blanco Alvarado Paula
Published: October 2017

El debate sobre la vinculación entre la ayuda humanitaria, la rehabilitación pos desastre y la cooperación para el desarrollo, es el centro de análisis de este artículo. Se enmarca en la evolución de los enfoques teóricos, políticos y operativos; en los nuevos tipos de emergencias y en las lecciones aprendidas de las dos últimas décadas. La relación entre las emergencias y el desarrollo, ha llevado al debate (…) “sobre la necesidad de vincular la ayuda humanitaria y la cooperación para el desarrollo, de forma que sus objetivos se complementen y refuercen mutuamente. La expresión que ha dado nombre a estos debates ha sido la de Vinculación Ayuda de emergenciaRehabilitación-Desarrollo (VARD).” (Cortés, 2006) En la actualidad, es indiscutible la necesidad de trabajar sobre alternativas que reduzcan la frecuencia, intensidad e impacto que producen las emergencias; hacer a las personas, las familias y las economías menos sensibles, más resistentes y más capaces de recuperarse. De ahí la importancia de ir más allá de la parte teórica y llevar a la operatividad al Enfoque VARD, mediante el uso de herramientas ya existentes en la fase de emergencia como son los Clústers y metodologías estandarizadas aptas tanto para la fase de emergencia como para el desarrollo.
Diferenciación Funcional de la sociedad como marco para el constitucionalismo societal Presupuesto al constitucionalismo evolutivo
Authors: Gallego Marín Joaquín Andrés
Published: October 2017

La consistencia del constitucionalismo societal desde la teoría de sistema (I), El constitucionalismo societal como instrumento de conjunción de la diferenciación de la sociedad (II), y la vinculación en el constitucionalismo societal la observación de la constitución como integradora de principios que conforman la convivencia colectiva y expectativas normativas (III) de la diferenciación social; para finalmente constituir las conclusiones de la constitución como instrumento de orden jurídico y orden social funcionalmente estructurada a la política o económica en los Estados modernos
El control constitucional de la justicia transicional en Colombia, frente a los requerimientos de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos
Authors: Duque Ayala Corina
Published: October 2017

La Corte Constitucional mediante sentencia C 579 de 2013 ejerció su control abstracto en algunos artículos de la reforma constitucional contenida en el Acto Legislativo No 01 de 2012.

En este artículo se realiza una síntesis de los aspectos más importantes de la sentencia a la luz de los requerimientos hechos por la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos al Estado colombiano, respecto de los derechos a la verdad, la justicia y la reparación integral, con ocasión de los fallos en los cuáles ha sido condenado por violación a los derechos consagrados en la Convención Americana sobre Derechos Humanos.
El Estatuto de Bayona. La primera carta liberal de América Latina*
Authors: Amaya León Wilman
Published: October 2017

Al adelantar proyectos de investigación sobre el origen del derecho constitucional en América latina, encontramos información documental que nos permite conocer sus orientaciones filosóficas; e n esta oportunidad el análisis se centró en el Estatuto de Bayona, primera Constitución formal de España, pero no reconocida por los españoles quienes la consideran con toda razón como una carta otorgada, no nacida de la voluntad soberana.

Sin embargo, para los Neogranadinos, si pudo tener un significado especial, desde el punto de vista filosófico; en el presente trabajo abordaremos el tema para identificar cual fue realmente el impacto que tuvo el Estatuto de Bayona en las colonias americanas y si realmente fue como lo señaló Francisco Antonio Zea, “La primera carta liberal de América latina”
Estado, territorio y capital
Authors: Rodríguez Martínez Eduardo
Published: November 2017

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo proveer algunas herramientas teóricas para la comprensión de las modalidades, forma, funciones y límites de la urbanización dentro del modo de producción capitalista, resaltando el carácter activo del espacio construido o espacio socializado dentro de la organización científica del trabajo y los mecanismos de extorsión del trabajo asalariado. La tesis que se defiende en este escrito es que el espacio, sea este geográfico, social y/o tecnológico, no tiene un objeto propio de análisis ni constituye un lugar determinado por fuera de las relaciones sociales de las cuales él forma parte. Por el contrario, en este trabajo queremos mostrar que el espacio debe entenderse como una relación social de producción. Siendo así, concluimos aquí que al ser la espacialidad un componente activo de las relaciones sociales productivas, este se encuentra inscrito dentro de la misma lógica de la acumulación y valorización del capital, de la confrontación entre el capital y el trabajo; y, por tanto, el espacio socialmente construido debe ser examinado desde la perspectiva de la valorización del espacio
Sindicalismo docente, protesta y participación político electoral
Authors: Bocanegra Acosta Henry , Chambers-Ju Christopher
Published: November 2017

Este artículo es producto de una investigación realizada desde un enfoque socio jurídico e interdisciplinario. Se analiza la participación político electoral del sindicalismo docente colombiano, sus orígenes, formas, contrariedades y posibilidades en el marco de un contexto desfavorable a posturas políticas de extrema izquierda de estirpe abstencionistas, a la crisis de los discursos que justificaban la combinación de todas las formas de lucha y el uso de la violencia en la disputa política. El problema de investigación que orientó las respectivas indagaciones y el proceso de síntesis teórica, se resume en un interrogante: ¿Qué situaciones, aspectos o realidades permitieron un cambio en la actuación en materia de participación política y electoral de la organización sindical docente colombiana? El estudio estuvo fundamentado en fuentes primarias y secundarias; siendo la entrevista semiestructurada y el análisis documental y de texto las técnicas desde las cuales se recopilo la información necesaria. El trabajo permitió llegar a una conclusión: el sindicalismo docente colombiano se ha convertido en un actor social y gremial con incidencia en el proceso político electoral local, regional y nacional. La superación de posturas abstencionistas y ultra radicales en el plano interno, una percepción más optimista sobre las posibilidades del sistema político, una reinterpretación pragmática sobre el sentido y carácter que debe asumir la propia lucha gremial sindical, contribuyeron al viraje táctico donde la participación político electoral compagina con las luchas reivindicativas por los derechos laborales a la usanza tradicional.
Derechos humanos en la prisión en Colombia
Authors: Huertas Díaz Omar , Suárez Díaz Yenifer Yiseth , Morales Chinome Iván
Published: November 2017

La prisión como mecanismo punitivo ha desdibujado las funciones y fines de la pena, vulnerando los derechos humanos reconocidos por tratados internacionales; derechos que si bien no son absolutos deben ser respetados, más aún cuando los sujetos privados de la libertad se encuentran bajo el amparo del Estado. En Colombia el hacinamiento carcelario se presenta como uno de los mayores inconvenientes dentro del sistema penal, en tanto muestra la aplicación de una política criminal producto de la criminología mediática y el populismo punitivo, contrariando los principios de un estado social de derecho.
Importancia del estudio de la implementación de la mejora regulatoria en el gobierno de Colima
Authors: Díaz Laureano Irma Yolanda
Published: November 2017

El objetivo de este trabajo es evidenciar la importancia que tiene el estudio de la implementación de los programas de mejora regulatoria en el gobierno del estado de Colima, se pretende conocer si las estrategias administrativas para la implementación de la política de mejora regulatoria en el gobierno del estado de Colima logran los objetivos de la misma (¿cita de qué?). El método propuesto es la revisión documental, etnograf ía y entrevistas. Como conclusión principal se observa que las implicaciones sobre obtener ésa información son de gran relevancia para el éxito de la política pública, traduciéndose esto en beneficios para la sociedad y la competitividad del estado.
Arbitraje jurídico deportivo
Authors: Ortega Sánchez Rodrigo
Published: November 2017

El presente artículo refiere a la temática del arbitraje y con ello al Arbitraje Jurídico Deportivo, una rama del arbitraje “sui generis” que, poco a poco, comienza a hacer su camino. En primer lugar, se muestran las ventajas del proceso arbitral en favor de los deportistas buscando caracterizar el objeto de estudio del procedimiento arbitral y descomponiendo el mismo en sus mínimas elementos. Posteriormente, se describe la jurisdicción arbitrales deportivos. Finalmente el artículo muestra la influencia que ha tenido algunas asociaciones o gremios especializados en la resolución de conflictos deportivos En el artículo se afirma que, como consecuencia del poco desarrollo regional en materia y de la dinámica deportiva cambiante en el plano internacional, los conflictos jurídicos-deportivos que se generan al interior del derecho del deporte se surten en un alto porcentaje bajo la égida del Tribunal Arbitral du Sport [Tribunal de Arbitraje Deportivo, en adelante TAS], más específicamente, como consecuencia de la inexistencia –hasta el momento– de organismos o instituciones independientes que lleven adelante la tarea en el ámbito internacional y, particularmente, en el ámbito latinoamericano. Situación ésta que se lee como el escenario propicio para el surgimiento de instituciones proveedoras de mecanismos alternativos de resolución del conflicto jurídicos-deportivos en todo el continente Latinoamericano.
Cuidad: espacios de la movilidad, fluidez y fragilidad
Authors: González Hernández Dory Luz
Published: November 2017

El presente artículo propone una reflexión sobre el devenir de la ciudad contemporánea. En este se sustenta que, debido al constante movimiento y a la velocidad cotidiana, los sujetos se ven imposibilitados en la construcción de comunidad y que la ciudad se acostumbra cada vez más a grandes edificaciones, distancias más largas, espacios de flujos y carreteras virtuales, constituyéndose en el escenario de sujetos emergentes, que han deshabilitado la otredad y conquistado el ensimismamiento; en este sentido, la ciudad genera en sus habitantes un doble sentido y sensación: por un lado, el saberse parte de ella y, al mismo tiempo, el deseo de alejarse y evitar su posesión.