bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geographical range of melon ladybird Epilachna chrysomelina F. in conditions of Zeravshan valley, Uzbekistan
Authors: Fayzullaev B. , Suyarova A.
Published: June 2021

This article is devoted to the study of the geographical distribution, as well as the biology and ecology of the melon ladybug (Epilachna chrysomelina F.), a dangerous pest of melons and gourds in the conditions of the Zerafshan Valley of Uzbekistan. Studying of the biology of the melon ladybug and the development of measures to combat it is currently particular important in the Zerafshan Valley in connection with the development of large tracts of land. The conditions of the newly developed lands make it possible to successfully cultivate, along with cotton, valuable melons and gourds. However, the biology of the pest in the conditions of the Zarafshan Valley of Uzbekistan has not been sufficiently studied and effective measures to combat it have not been developed. The control measures recommended to date are largely outdated and need to be improved. The melon ladybug (Epilachna chrysomelina F.) is widespread in the farms of Samarkand and Bukhara regions of the Zerafshan valley and in some areas of Jizzakh and Syrdarya regions of Uzbekistan, but it is not found in the same numbers and damages the melons and gourds to varying degrees. Within certain geographic limits, mainly due to climatic factors, Epilachna chrysomelina F. currently has an intermittent, lacy character of distribution.
Ecological and faunal analysis of dragonflies (Odonata) of suborders Zygoptera, Caloptera in Republic of Ingushetia
Authors: Tochieva Fatima Tuganovna , Tochiev Tugan Yunusovich
Published: June 2021

In this work, we adhere to the systematics proposed by the school of odonatologists B.F.Belyshev, that is, the order is subdivided into three suborders: Anizoptera, Zygoptera and Caloptera. In this article, we first characterize the suborders Zygoptera, Caloptera. The article provides a systematic composition and an overview of taxa common in the RI. [one]. On the basis of literature sources, brief characteristics of suborders, families and genera are given, and the problems of taxonomy and nomenclature of individual species and basic information on the distribution of taxa found in the study area are discussed. Analysis of the existing stream of literary information on dragonflies indicates that there are still problems, the solution of which requires close attention. First of all, this is the lack of research on the Caucasian regional odonatofaunas.
On the results of the aeropalinospore monitoring of urban air: some features of inside and inter-seasonal variability of lower fungi spores level
Authors: Vlasova Natalya , Mazokha Ksenia , Kavelenova Lyudmila , Manzhos Marina
Published: June 2021

Public health risks associated with molds include sensitization, allergic symptoms, irritation and/or toxicity. Sensitization to fungal allergens often occurs in patients who are hypersensitive to other groups allergens, including plant pollen. Both plants and molds are characterized by active growth in warm seasons, in temperate latitudes from April to October, which determines the presence of pollen grains of plants and mold spores in the atmospheric air during this period. This determines the needs in monitoring activity aimed to biogenic pollutants evaluation in the air of large cities where many people live compactly. The report presents the monitoring results of Alternaria, Cladosporium and other lower fungi spores in the air of Samara city in 2015 - 2020. It has been established that for the air environment of Samara, lower fungi cannot be considered as the predominant source of allergens. The high concentration of fungal spores is most often caused by fungi of Alternaria genus, which leads to the development of sensitization in 27.7% of children and 14.6% of adults in the region. The results of aeropalinospore monitoring demonstrated the lesser significance of Cladosporium genus fungi as a risk factor, or an allergens source for Samara city (Middle Volga region).
Assessment and regulation of the urbanized territory atmospheric air condition of the Karaganda city of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: Tseshkovskaya Yelena , Golubeva Elena , Tsoy Nataliya , Oralova Aigul , Obukhov Yuriy , Ahmetova Alma
Published: June 2021

The work is devoted to the assessment of the atmospheric air on urbanized territories of Karaganda. This work determines the content of 11 pollutants. Measurements were carried out at 14 route posts with the maximum coverage of the entire city territory in June and January in order to obtain seasonal dynamics of atmospheric air pollution. As a result of measurements in July, the maximum single-time content of carbon monoxide, phenol, formaldehyde, hydrogen sulfide, and methyl mercaptans was recorded. In January, carbon monoxide predominates in the city’s air from pollutants, and increased concentrations of hydrogen sulfide are also observed in most parts of the city. Based on the results obtained, the atmospheric pollution index was calculated for 5 substances. Measurements of the pollutants were carried out at different times of the day. It was found, that contamination in almost all analyzed substances is higher in the daytime and in the evening. The main harmful impurities in the air of Karaganda are ozone, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, phenol, formaldehyde and methyl mercaptans. Ammonia was detected periodically. Based on the results the suggestions for improvement of the atmospheric air condition in the research territory were developed and adopted.
Application of a new method for determining the mass of oil per unit area of bottom sediments of water bodies
Authors: Perminova Vladislava , Vorobiev Danil , Frank Yulia , Perminov Vladislav
Published: June 2021

The authors of the article draw the readers’ attention to the urgent problem that is the assessment of the pollution of bottom sediments of water bodies with hydrocarbons in the form of oil and oil products. When conducting surveys of water bodies, the determination of the content of oil or oil products in bottom sediments is expressed in grams per kilogram of precipitation in an air-dry state. Information in this form cannot be associated with the mass of oil at the bottom of the water body, what is very important when designing treatment works and calculating damage to aquatic biological resources. The method for determining the mass of oil pollution per unit area of bottom sediments of water bodies has been proposed and tested, what makes it possible to associate pollution not only with the concentration of pollutants, but also with the area of the reservoir.
Changes in status of soil salinity in North Crimea since 2013, as detected by Landsat 8 OLI data
Authors: Savin Igor , Prudnikova Elena
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this article is to analyze the changes in salinity of arable soils in the north of Crimea peninsula from 2013 to 2019 using Landsat 8 OLI satellite data in order to obtain additional and objective information about the modern state of soil secondary salinization processes. Comparison of the satellite data of 2013 and 2019 showed that in the area of the North-Crimean Canal there is both a slight expansion of the areas of saline soils and their reduction. The expansion of areas is observed mainly in the coastal zones of lakes and estuaries, and the reduction of areas in the fields, irrigation of which in the analyzed period did not stop. Both expansion and reduction of areas with saline soils did not exceed 10% of the study area. There is no evidence that the expansion of areas of saline soils during the analyzed period was due to the cessation of water supply to the North-Crimean canal.
Degradation of reclaimed peat soils
Authors: Zakharova Olga , Kucher Dmitry , Evsenkin Konstantin , Musaev Farrukh
Published: June 2021

The article presents the results of studies of the water-physical properties of reclaimed peat soils of four objects of Ryazan region, included in Ryazan Meschera. Drainage systems are destroyed due to lack of maintenance, which leads to an increase in the level of groundwater in the drained areas. The peat soils of the objects have similar changes, expressed in the utilization of peat over 65 years of drainage by 28-38 %, soil compaction by 0.08-0.12 g/cm3, a decrease in the ash content of peat by 2-2.9 % and a decrease in the thickness of the peat layer by 18-31 cm.
Ways of rational use of natural landscapes of the zarafshan mountains and adjacent plains
Authors: Zhurakulov H. , Zhurakulova D. , Turaev E. E.
Published: June 2021

A characteristic peculiarity of the landscapes of the Zarafshan Mountains and the adjacent plains is that their development is dependenton geographical zoning. According to the zonal features, the landscapes of the studied area are located in the desert zone.
Cartographic support for assessing the suitability of land for agricultural production in the PRC’s Capital Region
Authors: Haoyang Wang , Stanis Elena , Drygval Polina
Published: June 2021

This article examines the role of meteorological factors in the formation of adverse conditions for agricultural development in the capital region of the People’s Republic of China (PRC). This area is one of the most densely populated, and the problem of food supply is very acute. The suitability of the area for agricultural activities not only depends on hydrometeorological conditions, but also on the frequency of meteorological disasters. Such disasters include droughts, flooding of the territory due to intensive precipitation and extremely high air temperatures. In this work, it has been made an attempt to analyse the frequency of adverse events of meteorological phenomena and their distribution over the territory of the capital region. Electronic maps of frequency of both individual disasters and an integral map were created, which allowed dividing the territory into 4 categories of total adverse hydrometeorological factors for the development of agricultural production. This study can be as an additional basis for the planning and development of various sectors of agricultural production and for the implementation of measures to reduce the impact of meteorological disasters on agriculture.
Features of natural plant complexes restoration and land reclamation in the area of Ust-Srednekanskaya hydroelectric power plant on the Kolyma river
Authors: Tikhmenev Pavel E. , Smirnov Andrey A. , Tikhmenev Evgeniy A. , Stanchenko Galina V.
Published: June 2021

The low resistance of the landscapes of the North-East of Russia to anthropogenic influences is shown. The features of natural plant complexes restoration and land reclamation in the area of the Ust-Srednekanskaya hydroelectric power station are considered. In order to create conditions for the successful restoration of vegetation cover after the impact of anthropogenic factors, it is recommended to carry out measures for leveling the disturbed surface and terracing it. It is proposed to carry out artificial sowing of cereals, which are characterized by regular and abundant fruiting.
Economic and legal factors of investment in subsoil use in the aspect of implementation sustainable development concepts
Authors: Alexandrov Gennady , Yablonev Alexander
Published: June 2021

Following the paradigm of sustainable development presupposes a balanced solution of three tasks: ensuring economic growth, achieving social progress and improving the quality of the environment. However, the solution of environmental and social problems causes restrictions on economic activities. In this regard, there is a need to develop methodological approaches to the formation of organizational and economic relations and mechanisms in order, firstly, to resolve the contradictions between the economic and socio-environmental, and, secondly, to provide motivation to activate investment processes in a direction conducive to achieving goals of sustainable development of subsoil use. The problem of investment attractiveness becomes even more urgent, taking into account the special nature of industrial relations developing in subsoil use, which must be taken into account when implementing the concept of sustainable development.
Strategic planning in the forest sector developed timber-producing countries as a key tool for the rational use of natural resources
Authors: Astratova Galina V. , Pryadilina Natalia K. , Klimuk Vladimir V.
Published: June 2021

The problem of rational use of resources is a priority for all mankind, which is confirmed by the presence of many national and interstate programs in the field of environmental management, resource conservation and improving the efficiency of environmental management. Forest complex play a special role in the rational use of natural resources. Forestry has a long process of reproduction, so a set of measures for the use, safety, integrity, reproduction of forests and the balance of the forest resources market conjuncture is necessary. A long-term national strategy is needed to achieve sustainable economic growth. Canada, Sweden, Finland, Latvia, Belarus, and China have national strategies for the forest sector development on 10-20-50 years. The strategic planning process in the forest sector is ambiguous and controversial; it includes the coordination of different interests of actors and economic-mathematical modelling, assessment of the effectiveness of environmental management and resource management. The research objective: strategic planning analysis in the above-mentioned countries forest complex in the context of natural resources rational using. The following factors were identified: the sequence of making economically significant decisions by the State; the strengthening role of the public in the decision-making process on the forest resources rational using.
The ecological certification as the economic mechanism of environmental management in Russia
Authors: Belyaeva Elena , Panaseykina Veronika , Gassiy Violetta
Published: June 2021

In the paper the issues of environmental management are considered. The authors also research the economic mechanisms of the stimulation of green market development in Russia. The authors reveal an important feature of environmental certification connecting it with a healthy lifestyle, improving the quality of life, and proper nutrition. The interrelationships between environmental management, ecological certification, green market and sustainable development are considered in the paper. In the article the causes of the growing interest to new characteristics of agricultural products are also justified including coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the growing demand for green, organic food that helps to rehabilitate the health. The relevance of the green market development is also approved. The authors link the sustainable development to environmental certification as a way to claim the purity of goods and services. The authors research the case of ecological certification in sustainable development on the legal bases and economic regulation. Different types of the environmental services are considered and evaluated. During analysis the main problems in the ecological certification in Russia are revealed. In Conclusions the authors propose the perspectives for further researches of the environment certification.
Bioenergy development in the Republic of Columbia
Authors: Moreno Pérez Daniel Alejandro , Shushpanova Dzhemma V.
Published: June 2021

Biofuels are a mixture of organic matter that is used as fuel in internal combustion engines. Biofuel production can pose a serious threat to food security, biodiversity, and climate change if not regulated and tightly controlled. However, it is also true that in this type of initiative there are many opportunities presented in its renewable nature and its intensive work needs that need to be explored. If sustainable development becomes the policy of the biofuels industry, growth paths and opportunities can be traced for developing countries such as Colombia. Consequently, a country can take advantage of the “follower” advantages if it learns from previous experiences such as the Brazilian one. Employment and natural preservation opportunities are possible with certified product.
The effect of water extract from bentonite on embryonic and larval development of the green toad (bufoviridis) with different phenotypes
Authors: Tskhovrebova A. I. , Kalabekov A. L. , Gagieva Z. A. , Chochieva N. D.
Published: June 2021

Ontogenesis is a complex process of morphophysiological transformations. Embryonic and postembryonic development is continuously affected by both endogenous and environmental factors, which lead to variability in morphometric parameters. The research was conducted in the laboratory of ecological embryology of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education of the North Osetian Federal University (Vladikavkaz). The results showed that under the influence of bentonite extract, the morphological parameters of green toad larvae with a brown phenotype are more variable than in larvae with an olive green phenotype in both the control and experimental groups. Thus, the embryos and larvae of the green toad with the olive green phenotype are more stable than the larvae that had the brown phenotype, both in natural circumstances and under the influence of bentonite clay extracts.
Assessment of the quality of seeds formed in situ and ex situ as a mandatory element of maintaining seed banks of rare plants
Authors: Kavelenova Lyudmila , Roguleva Nataly , Yankov Nikolay , Ruzaeva Irina , Pavlova Elena , Nakrainikova Darya , Potrachov Nikolay
Published: June 2021

The possibility of seed genetic banks creating is associated with the ability of many plants seeds (the so-called orthodox ones) to maintain germination ability for a long time, being in a dormant state. This opens up wide prospects for the formation of a reserve seeds fund of rare species that are threatened with extinction in natural communities. Botanical gardens in different countries of the world, including the Russian Federation, are working on the creation of such seed banks. To assess the quality of seeds in relation to agricultural crops, as well as natural flora species, radiography is used. It is this kind of non-damaging express assessment of the quality of seeds that turns out to be the most informative technique for seed material obtained in botanical gardens. The article presents the preliminary results of an X-ray study of the seeds quality of some Samara region rare plants - four species ofthe Iris genus - Iris aphylla L., I. halophila Pall., I. pumila L., I. sibirica L.
Heart Rate Variability Of Moscow Secondary Schoolboys Living In Different Environmental Conditions
Authors: Danacheva Мarya , Glebov Viktor , Torshin Vladimir , Shevtsov Vasily , Efremova Dilyara , Anikina Elizaveta , Alam Shamsher
Published: June 2021

The presented empirical study assesses the state of the cardiovascular system of Moscow schoolchildren living in different environmental conditions. 233 practically healthy schoolchildren (109 boys and 124 girls aged 11.4 to 12.6 years) took part in the comprehensive study of HRV and the state of adaptive processes when living in different ecological conditions of the capital megapolis. On the basis of different ecological and social conditions the schoolchildren were divided into 4 compared groups. The comparative analysis of the obtained HRV data of schoolchildren of different groups showed differences in the adaptation processes and in the indices of the wave activity of the sympathetic and parasympathetic departments of the ANS.
Ecological culture of students in the trends of the Concept of sustainable development
Authors: Grishaeva Yulia , Gagarin Alexander , Spirin Iosif , Tkacheva Zinaida , Evstafieva Natalia , Napolov Oleg
Published: June 2021

The concept of sustainable development (SD) is used by the international community to address the complex interconnected social, environmental and economic challenges of modern society. Solving SD tasks depends on the quality of training of professionals who are currently receiving vocational education. One of the areas of SD is the participation of specialists from various fields of activity in solving environmental problems. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to consider the ecological culture of students in the trends of the concept of sustainable development. The trends of the concept of SD and professional education, models of pedagogical interaction, aspects of the formation of the environmental culture of students, features of the modern state and trends of eco-cultural development of students, connection of this level with the achievement of SD goals are shown. The article provides experimental results of the study of attitude of Russian students to various aspects of environmental conservation. These results demonstrate the possibility and need to improve the environmental culture of students. The use of the article materials by educators will allow them to more effectively and purposefully shape the students’ environmental competences.
Specially Protected Natural Areas as a Means of Forming the Ecological Culture of learners
Authors: Semenov Aleksandr , Ilyina Valentina , Mitroshenkova Anna , Makarova Ekaterina
Published: June 2021

Natural and territorial complexes, including specially protected objects, are important in the formation of ecological culture of the younger generation. Samara oblast (European part of Russia) has a unique system of specially protected natural territories with various characteristics of vegetation, fauna, landscapes. This provides acquaintance of learners with various ecosystems in the territory available for visiting. In order to increase the effectiveness of the process of forming environmental culture it is recommended to use a practice-oriented approach in environmental education: organization and carrying out environmental actions, expeditions, excursions, environmental trails, as well as research, project, labor, environmental protection and volunteer activities. We have developed an algorithm for conducting educational and research activities for schoolchildren and research activities for students to study the current state of specially protected natural areas.
Extracellular Vesicles and Citrullinated Histone H3 in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients
Authors: Traby Ludwig , Kollars Marietta , Kussmann Manuel , Karer Matthias , Šinkovec Hana , Lobmeyr Elisabeth , Hermann Alexander , Staudinger Thomas , Schellongowski Peter , Rössler Bernhard , Burgmann Heinz , Kyrle Paul A. , Eichinger Sabine
Published: June 2021

Objectives Pulmonary thrombus formation is a hallmark of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A dysregulated immune response culminating in thromboinflammation has been described, but the pathomechanisms remain unclear.

Methods We studied 41 adult COVID-19 patients with positive results on reverse-transcriptase polymerase-chain-reaction assays and 37 sex- and age-matched healthy controls. Number and surface characteristics of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and citrullinated histone H3 levels were determined in plasma upon inclusion by flow cytometry and immunoassay.

Results In total, 20 patients had severe and 21 nonsevere disease. The number of EV (median [25th, 75th percentile]) was significantly higher in patients compared with controls (658.8 [353.2, 876.6] vs. 435.5 [332.5, 585.3], geometric mean ratio [95% confidence intervals]: 2.6 [1.9, 3.6]; p < 0.001). Patients exhibited significantly higher numbers of EVs derived from platelets, endothelial cells, leukocytes, or neutrophils than controls. EVs from alveolar-macrophages and alveolar-epithelial cells were detectable in plasma and were significantly higher in patients. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1-positive EV levels were higher in patients, while no difference between tissue factor-positive and angiotensin-converting enzyme-positive EV was seen between both groups. Levels of EV did not differ between patients with severe and nonsevere COVID-19. Citrullinated histone H3 levels (ng/mL, median [25th, 75th percentile]) were higher in patients than in controls (1.42 [0.6, 3.4] vs. 0.31 [0.1, 0.6], geometric mean ratio: 4.44 [2.6, 7.7]; p < 0.001), and were significantly lower in patients with nonsevere disease compared with those with severe disease.

Conclusion EV and citrullinated histone H3 are associated with COVID-19 and could provide information regarding pathophysiology of the disease.
Chiral Phosphoric Acid Catalyzed Enantioselective [4+3]-Cyclization Reaction of Indol-4-ylmethanols and Quinone Esters
Authors: Lin Xufeng , Chen Zhouli , Wang Lei , Qian Yiheng
Published: June 2021

An asymmetric [4+3]-cyclization reaction of racemic indol-4-ylmethanols and quinone esters catalyzed by chiral phosphoric acids has been developed. This method provides efficient access to biologically important [1]benzoxepino[5,4,3-cd]indoles featuring both axial and central chirality in good yields and up to 98% ee, as essentially single diastereomers, under mild reaction conditions.
Congenital and Developmental Abnormalities of the Hand and Wrist
Authors: Vanhoenacker Filip M. , Simoni Paolo , Bosmans Frederik , Boutry Nathalie
Published: June 2021

Identification of congenital skeletal abnormalities is complex because of the large variety of individual syndromes and dysplasias that are often difficult to remember. Although a correct diagnosis relies on a combination of clinical, radiologic, and genetic tests, imaging plays an important role in selecting those patients who should be referred for further genetic counseling and expensive genetic tests. In addition to information derived from radiologic analysis of other skeletal elements, radiographs of the hand and wrist may provide particular useful information. In the first part of this article, we provide a guide for a systematic radiologic analysis of the hand and wrist bones that may help characterize congenital and developmental diseases. Special attention is given to the use of correct terminology. In the second part, we discuss typical examples of congenital and developmental diseases involving the hand and wrist, with an emphasis on skeletal dysplasias.
Treatment of Nonthrombotic Iliac Vein Lesions
Authors: Joh Maria , Desai Kush R.
Published: June 2021

Nonthrombotic iliac vein lesions (NIVLs) most frequently result from extrinsic compression of various segments of the common or external iliac vein. Patients develop symptoms associated with chronic venous insufficiency (CVI); female patients may develop symptoms of pelvic venous disease. Given that iliac vein compression can be clinically silent, a thorough history and physical examination is mandatory to exclude other causes of a patient's symptoms. Venous duplex ultrasound, insufficiency examinations, and axial imaging are most commonly used to assess for the presence of a NIVL. Catheter venography and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) are the mainstay for invasive assessment of NIVLs and planning prior to stent placement. IVUS in particular has become the primary modality by which NIVLs are evaluated; recent evidence has clarified the lesion threshold for stent placement, which is indicated in patients with moderate to severe symptoms. In appropriately selected patients, stent placement results in improved pain, swelling, quality of life, and, when present, healing of venous stasis ulcers. Stent patency is well preserved in the majority of cases, with a low incidence of clinically driven need for reintervention. In this article, we will discuss the clinical features, workup, endovascular management, and treatment outcomes of NIVL.
Endoscopic Ultrasound for Detection of Liver Metastasis: Hope or Hype?
Authors: Singh Anupam Kumar , Rana Surinder S.
Published: June 2021

Transabdominal ultrasonography, contrast-enhanced computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the common diagnostic tests for the detection of hepatic lesions. Use of enhanced and advanced MRI technique, that is, diffusion weighted MRI and hepatocyte-specific contrast agents, has further improved the accuracy of detection of metastatic liver lesions ≤ 10 mm in diameter. However, even with these advanced imaging modalities sensitivity is low for lesions smaller than 10 mm when compared with standard intraoperative ultrasound. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is an emerging imaging modality with resolution sufficient to detect and sample lesions as small as 5 mm in diameter. In this news and views, we have discussed the role of standard and enhanced EUS for the detection of metastatic liver lesions.
Rheumatoid Hand and Other Hand-deforming Rheumatic Conditions
Authors: Sudoł-Szopińska Iwona , Teh James , Cotten Anne
Published: June 2021

The hand and wrist are commonly involved in rheumatic conditions, particularly rheumatoid arthritis and other systemic connective tissue diseases. With spondyloarthritis, hand and wrist involvement frequently occurs in psoriatic arthritis but generally does not occur in the remaining subtypes. The hand and wrist may also be affected in various metabolic and endocrine diseases, but these lie beyond the scope of this review.

Radiographs may demonstrate the presence of joint space narrowing, bone loss, cysts and erosions, malalignments, and osteolysis. They may also show regions of soft tissue swelling or thinning, and detect calcifications. Ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enable evaluation of the soft tissues, particularly the synovium, tenosynovium, and tendons. Furthermore, erosions are better demonstrated than on radiographs. MRI allows evaluation of periarticular bone marrow edema.

This article discusses typical imaging features of the hand and wrist in rheumatologic conditions including the advantages and limitations of the various methods.
Comparison of Single versus Double Lateral Plating in Treatment of Feline Ilial Fractures Using Veterinary Cuttable Plates
Authors: Wiersema Tijn , Koolen Ties , Theyse Lars F. H. , Maarschalkweerd Roelof J. , van Zuilen Cornelis D. , van Rijn Sarah J.
Published: June 2021

Objective The aim of this study was to compare the frequency of implant failure and the extent of pelvic canal narrowing associated with the fixation of ilial fractures in cats with a single veterinary cuttable plate (SLP) or double veterinary cuttable plates (DLP) applied to the lateral surface of the ilium.

Study Design Radiographic evaluation of feline ilial fractures plated laterally using SLP or DLP. Pelvic canal narrowing directly postoperatively and at 6 weeks follow-up was objectively measured using the sacral index (SI). Radiographs were evaluated for implant failure and fracture healing.

Results Seventy-seven cats satisfied the inclusion criteria. Twenty-nine fractures were treated with a SLP and 48 with DLP. Implant failure occurred significantly more (p = 0.001) in the SLP group (14/29) compared with the DLP group (6/48). Follow-up SI was significantly different between the two groups (p = 0.048, SLP median: 1.0 range: 0.83–2.4, DLP median: 0.98; range: 0.76–1.45). Median change in SI was −0.04 (range: −1.4 to 0.05) in the SLP group and 0.0 (range: −0.23 to 0.23) in the DLP group. This difference was significantly different (p = 0.031).

Conclusion DLP leads to significantly less implant failure and significantly less pelvic canal narrowing compared with SLP. This difference in pelvic canal narrowing was small and the clinical relevance remains unclear.
Skin Necrosis Following Rhinoplasty: A Review and Proposed Strategy on Identifying High-Risk Patients
Authors: Ferzli George , Araslanova Rakhna , Sukato Daniel , Romo Thomas
Published: June 2021

Vascular compromise leading to cutaneous loss following surgical rhinoplasty is a devastating complication. The objective of this review is to identify all reported cases in literature published in English and summarize the current evidence to identify the patients at risk of this complication following surgery. A comprehensive literature review using Medline and Embase databases was performed to capture all reported cases of cutaneous vascular compromise following rhinoplasty from database inception through September 2020. Nonsurgical rhinoplasty cases were excluded. We identified eight studies that featured vascular cutaneous compromise following surgical rhinoplasty. A total of 18 patients were included in the analysis. The majority of the patients were females with a mean age of 30.9. Risk factors included smoking in 23.5% patients and revision setting. Extensive tip thinning, tight splinting and taping with dorsal onlay grafting, or combining extended alar base excision with revision open rhinoplasty were among surgical techniques associated with vascular compromise. The most commonly affected aesthetic nasal subunit in our review was the dorsum followed by the nasal tip. Conservative management primarily was utilized in 72.2% of patients, allowing the defect to heal by secondary intention. Studies reporting on cutaneous vascular compromise following surgical rhinoplasty are of low level of evidence. This review is the largest summary reporting on this complication to date, aiming to caution surgeons about associated techniques and management options. We also share an expert opinion on preoperative assessment of nasal skin to guide surgeons to potentially avoid rhinoplasty surgery in this subset of patients.
Impact of Changes in EHR Use during COVID-19 on Physician Trainee Mental Health
Authors: Holzer Katherine J. , Lou Sunny S. , Goss Charles W. , Strickland Jaime , Evanoff Bradley A. , Duncan Jennifer G. , Kannampallil Thomas
Published: June 2021

Objectives This article investigates the association between changes in electronic health record (EHR) use during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the rate of burnout, stress, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety among physician trainees (residents and fellows).

Methods A total of 222 (of 1,375, 16.2%) physician trainees from an academic medical center responded to a Web-based survey. We compared the physician trainees who reported that their EHR use increased versus those whose EHR use stayed the same or decreased on outcomes related to depression, anxiety, stress, PTSD, and burnout using univariable and multivariable models. We examined whether self-reported exposure to COVID-19 patients moderated these relationships.

Results Physician trainees who reported increased use of EHR had higher burnout (adjusted mean, 1.48 [95% confidence interval [CI] 1.24, 1.71] vs. 1.05 [95% CI 0.93, 1.17]; p = 0.001) and were more likely to exhibit symptoms of PTSD (adjusted mean = 15.09 [95% CI 9.12, 21.05] vs. 9.36 [95% CI 7.38, 11.28]; p = 0.035). Physician trainees reporting increased EHR use outside of work were more likely to experience depression (adjusted mean, 8.37 [95% CI 5.68, 11.05] vs. 5.50 [95% CI 4.28, 6.72]; p = 0.035). Among physician trainees with increased EHR use, those exposed to COVID-19 patients had significantly higher burnout (2.04, p < 0.001) and depression scores (14.13, p = 0.003).

Conclusion Increased EHR use was associated with higher burnout, depression, and PTSD outcomes among physician trainees. Although preliminary, these findings have implications for creating systemic changes to manage the wellness and well-being of trainees.
Online moisture measurement of dead fine fuel on the forest floor using near-infrared reflectometry
Authors: Peng Bo , Zhang Jiawei , Xing Jian , Liu Jiuqing
Published: June 2021

A method for online measurement of the levels of moisture in dead fine fuels on the forest floor is proposed based on near-infrared reflectometry. A linear relationship is found between the moisture content of dead fine fuels and the intensity of light absorption at a wavelength of 1450 nm, and this forms the basic principle of measurement for different forest species. An online moisture-monitoring device is designed and developed based on this principle. This uses long-distance wireless data-transmission to adapt to the lack of telecoms service in remote forests. Moisture-measurement experiments were conducted continuously for 24 h in rainless weather during the summer of 2019 in the Harbin Urban Forestry Demonstration Base of Northeast Forestry University using leaves from four different forest species, specifically, larch, dryland willow, silver birch, and walnut. These measurements were verified using simultaneous measurements employing a weighing method. The results from the field experiments agreed well with the weighing results. The uncertainty in the moisture-content measurements using the proposed system was ∼3.4% when the true moisture content was 20.0% or less. This proposed system has the advantages of online measurement and high accuracy. This method for monitoring moisture levels in dead fine fuels is an important advance in terms of improving the accuracy and simultaneity of measurements for prediction of forest-fire-risk ratings and fire behavior.
Existence and multiplicity results for the fractional magnetic Schrödinger equations with critical growth
Authors: Guo Ya-Hong , Sun Hong-Rui , Cui Na
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we study the following critical fractional Schrödinger equations with the magnetic field: ε2s(−Δ)A/εsu+V(x)u=λf(|u|)u+|u|2s*−2uinRN, where ɛ and λ are positive parameters and V:RN→R and A:RN→RN are continuous electric and magnetic potentials, respectively. Under a global assumption on the potential V, by applying the method of Nehari manifold, Ekeland’s variational principle, and Ljusternick–Schnirelmann theory, we show the existence of ground state solution and multiplicity of non-negative solutions for the above equation for all sufficiently large λ and small ɛ. In this problem, f is only continuous, which allows us to study larger classes of nonlinearities.
Modeling of magnetization dynamics and thermal magnetic moment fluctuations in nanoparticle-enhanced magnetic resonance detection
Authors: Kaisar Tahmid , Rajib Md Mahadi , ElBidweihy Hatem , Barbic Mladen , Atulasimha Jayasimha
Published: June 2021

This study presents a systematic numerical modeling investigation of magnetization dynamics and thermal magnetic moment fluctuations of single magnetic domain nanoparticles in a configuration applicable to enhancing inductive magnetic resonance detection signal to noise ratio (SNR). Previous proposals for oriented anisotropic single magnetic domain nanoparticle amplification of magnetic flux in a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) coil focused only on the coil pick-up voltage signal enhancement. In this study, the numerical evaluation of the SNR has been extended by modeling the inherent thermal magnetic noise introduced into the detection coil by the insertion of such anisotropic nanoparticle-filled coil core. The Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation under the Stoner–Wohlfarth single magnetic domain (macrospin) assumption was utilized to simulate the magnetization dynamics due to AC drive field as well as thermal noise. These simulations are used to evaluate the nanoparticle configurations and shape effects on enhancing SNR. Finally, we explore the effect of narrow band filtering of the broadband magnetic moment thermal fluctuation noise on the SNR. It was observed that for a particular shape of a single nanoparticle, the SNR could be increased up to ∼8 and the choice of an appropriate number of the nanoparticles increases the SNR by several orders of magnitude and could consequently lead to the detectability of a very small field of ∼10 pT. These results could provide an impetus for relatively simple modifications to existing MRI systems for achieving enhanced detection SNR in scanners with modest polarizing magnetic fields.
Super fiber bundles, connection forms, and parallel transport
Authors: Eder Konstantin
Published: June 2021

The present work provides a mathematically rigorous account on super fiber bundle theory, connection forms, and their parallel transport, which ties together various approaches. We begin with a detailed introduction to super fiber bundles. We then introduce the concept of so-called relative supermanifolds as well as bundles and connections defined in these categories. Studying these objects turns out to be of utmost importance in order to, among other things, model anticommuting classical fermionic fields in mathematical physics. We then construct the parallel transport map corresponding to such connections and compare the results with those found by other means in the mathematical literature. Finally, applications of these methods to supergravity will be discussed, such as the Cartan geometric formulation of Poincaré supergravity as well as the description of Killing vector fields and Killing spinors of super Riemannian manifolds arising from metric reductive super Cartan geometries.
Analytical design and experiment of radial inductive displacement sensor with full-bridge structure for magnetic bearings
Authors: Hu Jinghua , Li Wenyin , Su Zhenzhong , Wang Dong
Published: June 2021

In magnetic bearing systems, the air gap between the stator and the rotor is generally measured with an eddy current displacement sensor. However, the inductive displacement sensor (IDS) is a preferred choice due to its structural consistency with magnetic bearings, which contributes to a compact system design. While most of the reported IDS research studies are based on three-dimensional finite element method (3D FEM) simulation and the IDS of such studies is designed with a half-bridge structure, in this paper, a higher sensitivity IDS with a full-bridge structure is proposed. To optimize the response of the sensor, an accurate theoretical analysis method is presented for the sensor based on the Schwarz–Christoffel transformation, which is used for compensating fringe effects of sensor inductance. Compared to traditional 3D FEM simulation, fast sensor design and optimization can be achieved with the proposed method. Experimental results agree well with theoretical predictions. The sensitivity of the proposed sensor is nearly 15.5 mV/μm, and the displacement resolution is better than 1 µm.
Spatial profiles of photon chemical potential in near-field thermophotovoltaic cells
Authors: Feng Dudong , Tervo Eric J. , Vasileska Dragica , Yee Shannon K. , Rohatgi Ajeet , Zhang Zhuomin M.
Published: June 2021

Emitted photons stemming from the radiative recombination of electron–hole pairs carry chemical potential in radiative energy converters. This luminescent effect can substantially alter the local net photogeneration in near-field thermophotovoltaic cells. Several assumptions involving the luminescent effect are commonly made in modeling photovoltaic devices; in particular, the photon chemical potential is assumed to be zero or a constant prescribed by the bias voltage. The significance of photon chemical potential depends upon the emitter temperature, the semiconductor properties, and the injection level. Hence, these assumptions are questionable in near-field thermophotovoltaic devices with nanoscale separation distances between the emitter and the cell. In the present work, an iterative solver that combines fluctuational electrodynamics with the drift-diffusion model is developed to tackle the coupled photon and charge transport problem, enabling the determination of the spatial profile of photon chemical potential beyond the detailed balance approach. The difference between the results obtained by allowing the photon chemical potential to vary spatially and by assuming a constant value demonstrates the limitations of the conventional approaches. This study is critically important for performance evaluation of near-field thermophotovoltaic systems with nanoscale vacuum gaps.
Discharge physics and atomic layer etching in Ar/C4F6 inductively coupled plasmas with a radio frequency bias
Authors: Yoon Min Young , Yeom H. J. , Kim Jung Hyung , Chegal Won , Cho Yong Jai , Kwon Deuk-Chul , Jeong Jong-Ryul , Lee Hyo-Chang
Published: June 2021

Atomic layer etching (ALE), a cyclic process of surface modification and removal of the modified layer, is an emerging damage-less etching technology for semiconductor fabrication with a feature size of less than 10 nm. Among the plasma sources, inductively coupled plasma (ICP) can be a candidate for ALE, but there is a lack of research linking discharge physics to the ALE process. In this study, we comprehensively investigated the discharge physics of ICPs with a radio frequency (RF) bias and Ar/C4F6 mixture to be considered for the ALE process. Detailed studies on the discharge physics were conducted in each step of ALE (i.e., modification step, removal step) as well as the whole cycle as follows: (1) In the general ALE cycle, plasma properties dependent on the chamber geometry and the discharge mode of the ICP were analyzed; (2) in the modification step, a plasma instability with molecular gas was observed. The timescale for molecular gas removal was also investigated; (3) in the removal step, changes in plasma characteristics with the RF bias power were studied. Based on measurements of these plasma physical parameters, the discharge condition for ALE was optimized. ALE was performed on various thin films, including a-Si, poly c-Si, SiO2, and Si3N4. For each thin film, thicknesses of 0.5–2.0 nm were etched per cycle, as in quasi-ALE. Finally, ALE was performed on a patterned wafer, and the etch thickness of 0.6 nm per cycle and fine etch profile were obtained.
A comprehensive method for controlling the electrical runout of the rotor for a geared centrifugal compressor
Authors: Song Xiaohua , Zhou Guiyuan , Zhang Lixin , Tang Tao , Wu Chunqiao , Wang Siling
Published: June 2021

The internal high-speed geared rotor is the most important component of centrifugal compressors. The electrical runout error of the rotor including mechanical and electrical ones can greatly affect the working performances of the centrifugal compressors. To overcome this problem, this work proposes a practical comprehensive method for controlling the electrical runout of the rotor of a geared centrifugal compressor. An elastic–plastic deformation calculation method based on the slice approach is presented to determine the applied load range calculation for controlling the cross-sectional deviation of the rotor profile. In this method, the demagnetism and remanence detection should be provided to obtain a small residual magnetism value before the mechanical runout detection. A combined method including cold extrusion processing and slight impact processing is proposed to reduce the electrical runout of the rotor. A case study is carried out to validate the proposed method. To avoid the effect of the rotation precision and clearance of the support system on the detection results, a rigid support system is used to detect the mechanical runout of the rotor. Note that single cold extrusion or impact processing cannot completely eliminate the electrical runout. Finally, the results show that the proposed combined method can be a helpful approach in controlling the electrical runout of the rotors.