bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La tenencia como garantía constitucional de una vida digna para los menores en Ecuador
Authors: Basantes Silva Renato Daniel , Basantes González Verónica Patricia , Buñay Cobos Darwin René , Morales Carranza Sandra Judith
Published: February 2025

La protección de los derechos de los menores en Ecuador está cimentada en un sólido marco legal, encabezado por los artículos 44 y 45 de la Constitución y el Código de la Niñez y Adolescencia. El principio del interés superior del niño orienta las decisiones judiciales y administrativas relacionadas con menores, priorizando su desarrollo integral en entornos seguros, estables y enriquecedores. Este compromiso se refuerza con la adhesión de Ecuador a la Convención sobre los Derechos del Niño. Un caso relevante es la Sentencia N.º 239-17-EP/22 de la Corte Constitucional, que privilegió el bienestar de tres menores al ratificar su custodia a la abuela paterna. La decisión se basó en la estabilidad emocional y el rechazo manifestado por los menores hacia su madre, quien previamente los había abandonado. Este fallo subraya la importancia de decisiones fundamentadas en análisis integrales que valoren el entorno familiar y emocional, más allá de los vínculos biológicos. A pesar del marco normativo, la implementación enfrenta serios desafíos, como la insuficiente capacitación de los operadores de justicia y la carencia de mecanismos efectivos de seguimiento pos-tenencia. Estas deficiencias perpetúan situaciones de vulnerabilidad, especialmente en áreas rurales y marginadas. Para garantizar una vida digna, el Estado debe fortalecer las políticas públicas mediante programas de apoyo económico, acceso a vivienda y atención psicológica. Además, es esencial reconocer la diversidad de formas familiares y priorizar el bienestar de los menores sobre los intereses de los adultos.
MODERN APPROACHES TO THE PROBLEM OF CHRONIC ALCOHOLISM
Authors: Rustam Baxtiyarovich Alkarov , Anvar Uzokboyevich Turgunboyev
Published: February 2025

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the long-term effects of ethanol intoxication on various body organs and systems, particularly focusing on the progression from minimal vascular damage to multi-organ pathology, as well as the development of specific clinical and psychopathological symptoms associated with alcoholism. Methods: This research employs a comprehensive review and analysis of existing studies on alcohol disease, examining its impact on microcirculation, organ morphology, and functional alterations caused by repeated ethanol exposure. Additionally, clinical data on the psychopathological symptoms exhibited by individuals with alcohol-related diseases are analyzed. Results: The findings highlight that chronic ethanol intoxication leads to significant morphological and functional changes in body organs, particularly affecting the vascular system and microcirculation. Over time, these alterations progress into multi-organ pathology, with clinical manifestations that include various psychopathological symptoms. Novelty: This study provides new insights into the specific mechanisms by which long-term ethanol exposure induces multi-organ pathology and psychopathological disorders. It emphasizes the gradual progression of alcohol disease, contributing to a deeper understanding of its pathophysiology and potential clinical interventions.
CHANGES IN THE ORAL MUCOSA AFTER ORTHODONTIC CONSTRUCTIONS
Authors: Asrorovna Kholboyeva Nasiba , Qizi Usanova Sarvinoz Ilkhom , Bakhodirovna Sharipova Bonu
Published: February 2025

Objective: The aim of this study is to address the challenges associated with prosthetics, particularly complete removable dentures, which require specific conditions for fixation in the oral cavity. It also aims to explore the design considerations and post-treatment care to improve patient adaptation and the longevity of the prosthetic devices. Methods: The study focuses on the evaluation of various factors considered by orthopedic dentists when designing removable dentures. These factors include the condition of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), the elasticity of mucous membranes, the presence of scars or cords, the degree of bone tissue atrophy, and the shape of the palate. After the prosthesis is delivered, patients are instructed on its use, as well as on specific speech exercises to aid in adaptation. Results: The findings highlight the importance of assessing the patient's oral condition before prosthetic design. Proper care and adaptation exercises post-prosthetic fitting significantly enhance the patient’s ability to adjust to the dentures, thus improving both comfort and effectiveness. Novelty: This study provides insights into the complexities of designing complete removable dentures and emphasizes the critical role of personalized care and speech training to facilitate faster adaptation and extend the lifespan of dentures.
Co-operation and globalisation: The British Co-operative Wholesales, the Co-operative Group and the world since 1863. By Anthony Webster [Book Review]
Authors: Myers Jan
Published: February 2025

Book review
Charles Sheridan Jones - The Co-operative Granite Quarries Limited and the Aberdaron Co-operative Housing Society Limited
Authors: Statham Michael
Published: February 2025

On a trip to Bardsey Island in Gwynedd, North Wales (UK) in summer 2019, I spotted a derelict harbour in a cove called Porth y Pistyll on the North Wales coast near to Porth Meudwy at the tip of the Llŷn Peninsular. The skipper of the Bardsey ferry informed me it was built to service granite quarries. As a result of new research, the full historical significance of the site has now come to light. In 1907, journalist Charles Sheridan Jones took over a pre-existing quarry and jetty and formed The Co-operative Granite Quarries Limited. Others involved included journalist Cecil Chesterton, banker W. Walter Crotch, trade unionist Sidney Stranks, and civil and mechanical engineer William Stainton. The company replaced an existing timber jetty with a stone quay and by 1909 export of setts and macadam had commenced. Stainton also formed a subsidiary company The Coal Consumers Pioneer Society based at Plas yn Mhowys in Flintshire, Wales. Another subsidiary company The Aberdaron Co-operative Housing Society was formed to build a nearby model village designed by architect Harold Clapham Lander. Construction of several cottages was started, the remains of two of which are still extant, but the enterprise was of course highly speculative and doomed to failure.
School-based mental health interventions for adolescents: supporting typically developing students and students with neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors:   Department of Preschool Education Sciences and Educational Design, Faculty of Humanities, University of the Aegean, Rhodes, Greece, Katsarou Dimitra V. ,   Department of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, Neapolis University, Pafos, Cyprus, Kougioumtzis Georgios A. ,   Department of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, Neapolis University, Pafos, Cyprus,   Department of Turkish Studies and Modern Asian Studies, Faculty of Economic and Political Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece, Efthymiou Efthymia ,   Department of Interdisciplinary Studies, Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates, Sofologi Maria ,   Department of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, Neapolis University, Pafos, Cyprus,   Laboratory of Psychology, Department of Early Childhood Education, School of Education, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece,   Department of Early Childhood Education, School of Education, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece, Mantsos Evangelos ,   University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
Published: February 2025

Mental health interventions in schools are essential for supporting adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Schools offer a unique setting for early intervention due to their accessibility and continuity, promoting regular monitoring and engagement. This review explores a multi-tiered mental health framework that includes universal, targeted, and intensive strategies such as social-emotional learning (SEL), cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), peer-support programs, and culturally responsive practices. Evidence suggests that these interventions improve mental health outcomes, enhancing academic performance, social skills, and resilience. SEL programs build competencies like emotional regulation, while CBT reduces symptoms of anxiety, depression, and behavioral issues. Peer-support initiatives offer accessible support, reducing stigma within the school community. For students with NDDs, specialized interventions such as social skills training and applied behavior analysis (ABA) demonstrate positive impacts on social functioning and school engagement. The review also examines implementation barriers, including limited resources and the lack of culturally adaptable approaches. Teacher training and community involvement emerge as vital for bridging gaps in mental health support. Advocacy for policy and funding is essential to sustain these programs, ensuring they meet the diverse needs of all students. Through an inclusive, collaborative approach, school-based interventions significantly contribute to adolescent development and well-being.
ԱՆՁԻ ՍՈՑԻԱԼԱԿԱՆ ՀԱՐՄԱՐՄԱՆ ԳՈՐԾՈՆՆԵՐԸ
Authors: Harutyunyan Hasmik
Published: February 2025

The article discusses the issue of accounting for child's social adaptation opportunities in upbringing process. It distinguishes the innate prerequisites of social adaptation and environmental factors. The necessity of knowledge and accounting of these factors and preconditions by the parent and the educator is substantiated in positive adaptation process and in harmonious personality formation.
ԲԱՐՁՐԱԳՈՒՅՆ ԿՐԹՈՒԹՅԱՆ ՈՐԱԿԻ ԱՊԱՀՈՎՄԱՆ ԳՈՐԾԸՆԹԱՑԻ ԱՌԱՆՁՆԱՀԱՏԿՈՒԹՅՈՒՆՆԵՐԸ ՀԱՅԱՍՏԱՆՈՒՄ
Authors: Safaryan Kristine
Published: February 2025

Ensuring the quality of education in RA is a mandatory process for all universities, regardless of their legal organizational form.
In the educational system of RA, the definition of the quality of education is accepted, which characterizes the quality as "compliance with the declared goals".
Ensuring the quality of an educational institution and all its processes in the Republic of Armenia is a process of continuous improvement, during which actions are planned, implemented, evaluated, and based on the obtained results, processes aimed at improving the quality of education are implemented.
PENGARUH MOTIVASI DAN PENGEMBANGAN KARIR TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN DI PT. HONG TANG ASIA
Authors: Andoko Natasya Sekar Ayuningtyas , Siahaan Matdio , Anas Haryudi
Published: February 2025

This research aims to determine how the relation between the variables of Motivation (X1) and Career Development (X2) affects the Employee Performance (Y) variable at PT. Hong Tang Asia. The research data was obtained through a questionnaire distributed to the employees of PT. Hong Tang Asia. The population in this research consists of 120 employees of PT. Hong Tang Asia, resulting in a sample size of 120 employees, with data analysis conducted using SEM-PLS (Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares) and processed using SmartPLS4 software. The findings from the study indicate that: 1) Motivation significantly affects Employee Performance, 2) Career Development significantly affects Employee Performance, and 3) Motivation and Career Development significantly affect Employee Performance simultaneously.
Measuring Educational Returns and Productivity in Pakistan
Authors: Akram Naeem , Hamid Abdul , Gulzar Asma
Published: February 2025

Since the era of Adam Smith, education has been recognized as pivotal for economic growth and individual development; however, its effectiveness depends on aligning the quality of education with labour market demands. In Pakistan, policymakers must ensure that educated people do not increase the pool of the unemployed labour force while designing policies for education expansion. The present study has estimated the returns to education in Pakistan using the labour force survey 2020-21. Study finds that education has a strong positive impact on earnings. It has been found that returns to education vary based on the level and type of education. Specialized fields like engineering, computer science, and medicine offer the highest returns, while fundamental and technical education at the primary, secondary, and intermediate levels portray relatively low or insignificant returns. The executives (756,917) and professionals (493,735) enjoy higher earnings, whereas agriculture workers (248,109) and unskilled workers (188,659) are at the bottom. Executives in Punjab earn the highest earning (807,988), followed by Sindh (722,349), Baluchistan (703,191), and KP (626,538). Professionals in Sindh earn the highest earning (581,120), followed by Baluchistan (565,595), Punjab (472,167), and KP (438,330).
Analisis Tanggung Jawab Hukum Dinas Pekerjaan Umum Bina Marga dalam Pemeliharaan Jalan di Jawa Timur
Authors: Vareli Denastyan Agpenta Putra  , Sapto Hermawan  , Asianto Nugroho
Published: February 2025

This study analyzes the legal responsibility of road organizers, legal protection for road users, and public participation in the maintenance of provincial roads in East Java. The background of this research is the significant road damage, covering 154 kilometers, which impacts the safety of road users and the smoothness of socio-economic activities. This research is based on Law Number 22 of 2009 on Traffic and Road Transportation (UU LLAJ) and Law Number 38 of 2004 on Roads, which regulate the obligation of road organizers to ensure safe and adequate infrastructure. The research method used is a juridical normative approach with an analysis of legislation, using primary and secondary legal materials, with data collected through library studies and deductive analysis. The results show that the government is legally obligated to repair damaged roads, place warning signs on roads that have not been repaired, and allocate funds to prevent traffic accidents. However, various challenges such as limited budgets and geographic conditions affect the implementation of these obligations. Additionally, the Citizen Lawsuit mechanism grants the public the right to sue negligent organizers. This study recommends strengthening road maintenance management based on risk, improving transparency and accountability, and empowering the public to ensure safe roads that support regional economic growth.
Implementasi Konsep Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Islam dalam Hukum Positif Indonesia
Authors: Diana Sri Utami  , Siti Hadijah  , Cintami Grece Novita Ramadani  , Humairah Hannani  , M. Rahman Rizki  , Zaid Alfauza Marpaung
Published: February 2025

Indonesia's positive legal system is not in line with Jinayah's thoughts of accountability. Criminal responsibility according to Islamic criminal law is based on the awareness and intention of the perpetrator (mens rea) and proof of unlawful actions (actus reus), which is in line with sharia principles. The aim of this research is to study how the concept of Islamic criminal responsibility can be applied to Indonesian law by considering the principles of justice, humanity and uniformity in accordance with the country's constitution. The research method used is normative, by looking at various laws in Indonesia and reading literature about Islamic criminal law and its implementation in countries with Islamic law. The research results show that, although there are fundamental differences between Islamic law and Indonesian positive law, several elements of the concept of Islamic criminal responsibility can be exploited, especially in cases containing certain crimes such as qisas, diyat, and ta'zir. By considering Pancasila as the philosophical foundation of the state, these elements can be exploited. It is hoped that this implementation will help strengthen the national legal system by providing space for the religious values ​​that live within it
Responsabilidad legal del municipio de Babahoyo en casos de violencia de género [Legal responsibility of the municipality of Babahoyo in cases of gender violence]
Authors: Montero-Piguave Norelys Karyme , Gonzáles-Jiménez Jorge Ederson , Miranda-Paucar Alexandra , Hernández-Alvarado Vanessa Josefa
Published: February 2025

El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la responsabilidad legal del municipio de Babahoyo en los casos de violencia de género. Para ello, se utilizó un enfoque mixto. La población estuvo conformada por 218 personas, quienes participaron en una encuesta estructurada, se realizó una entrevista semiestructurada a la fiscal Lisbeth Salmos Barsola, especialista en violencia de género. Los resultados obtenidos reflejan percepciones mayoritariamente negativas o neutrales. La mayoría de los encuestados considera que las normativas locales son insuficientes, las medidas de protección resultan ineficaces y la coordinación entre las instituciones es deficiente. Asimismo, los programas de capacitación y sensibilización sobre género y derechos humanos no son percibidos como adecuados ni efectivos.
Delito de extorsión y consecuencias socioeconómicas en comerciantes ecuatorianos [The crime of extortion and its socioeconomic consequences for Ecuadorian businesspeople]
Authors: Santillán-Banchón Melanie Karla , Morejón-Paredes Katherine Lisseth , Buñay-Lema Alexis Anthony , Barcos-Arias Ignacio Fernando
Published: February 2025

Se genera el objetivo de estudiar el delito de extorsión y consecuencias socioeconómicas en comerciantes ecuatorianos. Metodológicamente fue de tipo descriptivo documental, lo cual permitió recopilar e interpretar información proveniente de 17 articulos científicos. El delito de extorsión tiene graves consecuencias socioeconómicas para los comerciantes ecuatorianos, afectando su capacidad de inversión, crecimiento y sostenibilidad. Este ilícito incrementa los costos operativos al obligar a los empresarios a destinar recursos a medidas de seguridad o al cumplimiento de las exigencias de los extorsionadores, reduciendo la rentabilidad de los negocios y desincentivando la inversión local y extranjera. A nivel nacional, la extorsión frena el desarrollo económico, agrava las desigualdades sociales y debilita la competitividad del país, esto genera un clima de inseguridad y desconfianza que afecta tanto a las víctimas directas como al tejido social, perpetuando un ciclo de violencia e impunidad.
Extorsión y migración internacional desde un contexto latinoamericano [Extortion and international migration from a Latin American context]
Authors: Chang-López Narcisa Naomi , Urrutia-Ochoa Henrry Mauricio , Rodríguez-Moreno Cesar Alejandro , Correa-Solis Sandra Dayanara
Published: February 2025

El artículo de revisión fue trabajado desde una población documental compuesta por 26 artículos científicos de acceso abierto, a estos documentos se les aplicó la técnica de análisis de contenido. Se articuló como objetivo analizar la relación entre extorsión y migración internacional desde un contexto latinoamericano. La extorsión, como una de las formas más recurrentes de violencia, afecta a los migrantes tanto en su tránsito como en sus comunidades de origen, siendo facilitada por la insuficiencia de mecanismos de protección estatal, la corrupción institucional y la implementación de políticas migratorias restrictivas que incrementan su exposición a redes delictivas, este fenómeno se ve agravado por las desigualdades estructurales y los conflictos sociales que impulsan los flujos migratorios, perpetuando un ciclo de violencia, exclusión y violación de derechos fundamentales.
Microtráfico y justicia juvenil en contexto ecuatoriano [Micro-trafficking and juvenile justice in the Ecuadorian context]
Authors: Rivera-Reyna Kleiry Mailyn , Olmedo-Poveda Elkin Derlis , Paredes-Paredes Maylin Stefania , Ordoñez-Murillo Katrina Julissa
Published: February 2025

Se generó el objetivo de analizar el microtráfico y justicia juvenil en contexto ecuatoriano. Desde lo metodológico se trabajó en lo descriptivo-documental en una población de 16 artículos científicos. El microtráfico de sustancias estupefacientes y su vinculación con la justicia juvenil en el Ecuador es un fenómeno que no solo compromete la seguridad pública, sino que también expone a los adolescentes a un sistema de justicia penal que, en muchos casos, privilegia un enfoque punitivo sobre la rehabilitación y la reintegración social. La situación de vulnerabilidad en la que se encuentran los jóvenes, derivada de la exclusión social, el desempleo y la falta de oportunidades, los convierte en sujetos propensos a ser captados por redes de microtráfico, perpetuando un ciclo de criminalización y exclusión.
Influencia de las bandas delincuenciales en adolescentes ecuatorianos desde una perspectiva jurídica [Influence of criminal gangs on Ecuadorian teenagers from a legal perspective]
Authors: Coloma-Morales Joel Eduardo , Gastezzi-Ojeda Joel Martín , Vera-Melendrez Jordy Jeampierre , Barcos-Arias Ignacio Fernando
Published: February 2025

Se presenta como objetivo de investigación describir la influencia de las bandas delincuenciales en adolescentes ecuatorianos desde una perspectiva jurídica. Se trabajó con una investigación de tipo descriptivo documental, se empleó como población documental 15 articulos científicos de acceso abierto, publicados entre 2018 y 2024. El análisis realizado evidencia que factores como la desintegración familiar, la pobreza, la falta de acceso a educación, las adicciones y la exposición a entornos violentos son determinantes en la captación de adolescentes por parte de estas organizaciones. Asimismo, se identifican deficiencias en el sistema penal juvenil, que no siempre garantiza la rehabilitación y reinserción social de los infractores, limitándose en muchos casos a medidas punitivas que no abordan las causas estructurales del problema.
Ciberseguridad para proteger a niños y adolescentes frente a la pedofilia digital en Ecuador [Cybersecurity to protect children and teenagers against digital pedophilia in Ecuador]
Authors: Delgado-Jiménez Sthefanie Alexandra , Hernández-Alvarado Vanessa Josefa
Published: February 2025

Se tiene por objetivo analizar la ciberseguridad para proteger a niños y adolescentes frente a la pedofilia digital en Ecuador. Se utilizó un enfoque cuantitativo y descriptivo, combinando encuestas a 53 participantes con una revisión de 16 fuentes bibliográficas. Los resultados mostraron que el 74% de los encuestados está informado sobre el ciberacoso, el 91% considera necesarias políticas regulatorias específicas, y el 70% identifica las redes sociales como el principal medio utilizado por los pedófilos. La protección de menores frente a la pedofilia digital exige un enfoque integral que combine regulación normativa, educación social y herramientas tecnológicas avanzadas. Es urgente que las plataformas digitales asuman responsabilidades legales, implementen sistemas de monitoreo y denuncien actividades ilícitas para garantizar la seguridad de los menores en el entorno digital.
El trabajo infantil como vulneración al interés superior del niño [Child labor as a violation of the best interests of the child]
Authors: Avilez-Sandoval Scarleth Marianela , Palma-León Caroline Jamileth , Hernández-Alvarado Vanessa Josefa
Published: February 2025

Se presenta para este artículo de revisión el objetivo de analizar el trabajo infantil como vulneración al interés superior del niño. Metodológicamente, se realizó una revisión sistemática siguiendo los lineamientos PRISMA, adaptados al análisis jurídico, seleccionando 26 estudios relevantes publicados entre 2000 y 2024. Los resultados evidencian que el trabajo infantil es un fenómeno multifactorial, vinculado a la pobreza estructural, la desigualdad social y la falta de acceso a derechos fundamentales como la educación y la protección social. En Ecuador, esta problemática afecta tanto a zonas rurales como urbanas marginales, agravada por la insuficiencia de políticas públicas y la normalización de esta práctica en ciertas comunidades. Se concluye que es necesario un abordaje integral que combine políticas públicas efectivas, empoderamiento familiar, sensibilización comunitaria y fiscalización normativa para garantizar una infancia libre de explotación y promover su desarrollo integral.
Why and How Did the Romanian Government Reject the Western Allies' Efforts to Explore Bilateral Solutions for Implementing the Guarantees of April 13, 1939
Authors: Ţurcanu Mihai
Published: February 2025

The present study focuses on how the Romanian government rejected Western Allies’ initiatives to sign military conventions that would complement the security guarantees of April 13, 1939, and, in fact, specify how those French and British declarations would be implemented. The study does not address Romania's equally negative attitude towards Anglo-French attempts to connect Romania to the European security architecture that the Western Powers were seeking to build, including through the westward reorientation of the 1921 Polish-Romanian Alliance and by trying to persuade Turkey to also provide security guarantees to Romania, following the Anglo-French model, and thus compelling the government in Ankara to assume, in relation to Eastern Europe, other security obligations beyond those stipulated by the Balkan Entente Treaty. The security guarantees offered by the British to Romania in April 1939 were reluctantly given and only partially aligned with British objectives. While the British government aimed for an agreement that would include Poland and Romania in a European security system against Germany, King Carol II and Gafencu refused any concrete commitments, preferring a unilateral guarantee. This “success” of Romanian diplomacy was a compromise that failed to secure genuine support from Britain and France while deepening Germany's distrust. Subsequent attempts by the Romanian government to obtain security guarantees from Germany were met with scepticism, and Romania's refusal to participate in bilateral discussions for the implementation of the guarantees undermined confidence in its ability to play an active role within Western alliances. Ultimately, the lack of a coherent foreign policy and the refusal to firmly engage alongside the Allies left Romania vulnerable to the geopolitical challenges of the ensuing period.
Respuesta agronómica de dos genotipos de café arábigo (Coffea arabica) Sarchimor 1669 y Manabí 01
Authors: Córdova Chica Dina Beatriz , Espinosa Cunuhay Kleber Augusto , Cedeño Aristega María Julieta , Chilán Villafuerte William Paúl
Published: February 2025

El cultivo para el Ecuador representa una importante fuente de ingresos y empleo, además de contribuir a la diversificación de cultivos y a la sostenibilidad del medio ambiente, razón por la que se evaluó la respuesta agronómica del primer año de establecimiento en campo de dos genotipos promisorios de café arábigo (Sarchimor 1669 y Manabí 01), bajo las condiciones subtropicales de la parroquia Guasaganda, provincia del Cotopaxi – Ecuador. La comparación de los genotipos evaluados, a través de las variables altura de planta (cm), diámetro del tallo (mm), número de ramas totales y hojas cada 30 días, se realizó mediante la prueba de t pareada. El genotipo Manabí 01 tuvo un crecimiento superior en altura de planta (38 cm) y en diámetro del tallo (9 mm) en comparación con Sarchimor 1669. Además, presentó un mayor número de ramas (6) y hojas (37) al final del período evaluado. Estos hallazgos sugieren que Manabí 01 es un genotipo de café con una mayor capacidad adaptativa a condiciones subtropicales, por lo tanto, representa una alternativa para los caficultores del cantón La Maná, provincia del Cotopaxi, Ecuador.
Learn to lead – together! The effectivity of professional development trajectories for school leaders : opportunities and challenges for sustainable professional and school development
Authors:   , Tanghe Els
Published: February 2025

It is generally believed that school leadership contributes to efficiency and equity in learners' academic performance. The focus on their important role ensures that school leaders consistently apply leadership strategies that are more goal-oriented and demonstrate the effects of their policies on learning outcomes. Therefore, it is essential that professional development initiatives for school leaders adequately focus on aspects of effective leadership. Professional development of school leaders asks for high-quality professional development trajectories that promote concrete transfer and sustainable implementation of the content provided. This dissertation presents research on the effectiveness of a two-year professional development trajectory for school leaders in primary and secondary education in Flanders and the Brussels region. In five sub-studies, it investigated the experienced impact of the specific organizational and didactic approach of the trajectory on the sustainable professional development of school leaders and on school development, both during and after the trajectory. The research contributes to a better understanding of the key factors for a thoughtful organization of and approach to professional development trajectories for school leaders. In addition, it provides valuable insights for school leaders, school boards, and the government to facilitate sustainable professional and school development.
Marine bacteria in sea spray aerosols and their potential immunological effects on human health
Authors:   , Li Yunmeng
Published: February 2025

Epidemiological studies have shown that living near the ocean is associated with better self-reported health, though the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This PhD research explores a less examined aspect: whether inhalation of sea spray aerosols (SSAs) confers potential immunological benefits, focusing on the effects of marine bacteria and endotoxins in SSAs on several immune receptors and transcription factors. To investigate this, we conducted studies focusing on two main areas: 1) analyzing bacterial communities in surf zone seawater and determining which bacteria are transferred to coastal air via SSAs, and 2) evaluating the immunological effects of bacteria and endotoxins in SSAs using human reporter cell models. These studies were carried out at the Marine Station Ostend (MSO) and a nearby recreational beach (within 1 km of MSO) in Ostend, Belgium. Our results demonstrated that bacterial communities in the surf zone seawater of the recreational beach under normal conditions (i.e., no distinct pollution and disease outbreaks) varied seasonally and were influenced by environmental factors such as chlorophyll a, net primary production, and seawater temperature. When wind speeds exceeded 4 m/s (indicating SSA production) and winds blew from the sea, aerosol samples collected on the rooftop of MSO contained more bacteria from local seawater. The composition of these bacterial communities also varied seasonally (spring and summer), influenced by temperature. Single, short-term exposure experiments using SSA-dominated samples revealed that total bacteria counts and endotoxins mildly activated Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), TLR2/6, and the transcription factors nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and interferon regulatory factor (IRF) in a dose-dependent manner. Pre-exposure to these SSA samples modulated the activation of TLR4, NF-κB, and IRF by subsequent exposure to pro-inflammatory Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in a dose-dependent manner for endotoxin concentrations and total bacterial counts. Specifically, low levels of endotoxin inhibited TLR4 activation following E. coli LPS exposure, while low levels of total bacterial count showed neutral effects on NF-κB activation and inhibited IRF activation. These findings deepen our understanding of bacteria in coastal air and suggest that inhalation of SSAs may modulate immune pathways, potentially offering immunological benefits. Further research is needed to evaluate SSA health effects across different particle properties, exposure modes, and immune responses, using primary human immune cells and cohorts to better understand their immunological impact and the mechanisms underlying SSA interactions with the human immune system.
Macroeconomic policy, household heterogeneity, and the labor market
Authors:   , Jansen Babette
Published: February 2025

This dissertation contributes to the understanding of fiscal and monetary policy aimed at stimulating economic activity during recessions and maintaining price stability. With the resurgence of fiscal policy as a crucial stabilization tool post-Great Recession and the recent shift to higher interest rates following an extended period of historically low rates, a deep understanding of fiscal and monetary policy is vital. Empirical research of labor markets and the development of theoretical macroeconomic models that analyze fiscal and monetary policy contribute to this understanding. The results reveal significant changes in labor market conditions, with increased employer market power and heterogeneous labor supply elasticities, and underscore the need to consider these factors in policy decisions. Additionally, a novel fiscal policy transmission channel can be observed through countercyclical monopsony power. Finally, the analysis of New Keynesian models discovers new insights into the Taylor principle and determinacy issues depending on household heterogeneity and households’ labor supply preferences. Overall, this thesis underscores the necessity of current empirical analysis of the labor market and updated models for macroeconomic policy analysis.
Zalecenia Polskiego Towarzystwa Fizyki Medycznej w zakresie testów kontroli jakości systemów planowania leczenia w brachyterapii
Authors:   Zakład Fizyki Medycznej, Wielospecjalistyczny Szpital Wojewódzki w Gorzowie Wlkp, Dymnicka Magdalena
Published: February 2025

Systemy planowania leczenia (SPL) stanowią ogniwo łączące dwa kluczowe etapy radioterapii – gromadzenie i wprowadzanie danych pomiarowych z realizacją leczenia. Dokładność obliczeń rozkładu dawki ma bezpośredni wpływ na prawdopodobieństwo wyleczenia pacjenta, a w przypadku nieścisłości może stać się przyczyną wystąpienia niekorzystnych skutków ubocznych radioterapii. Prawidłowa konfiguracja i stała kontrola funkcjonowania systemów planowania leczenia stanowią więc warunek konieczny bezpiecznej radioterapii. Systematyczne wykonywanie testów pozwala wykluczyć błędy związane z nieprawidłową konfiguracją SPL oraz wykryć usterki w ich działaniu, które mogą wpłynąć na prawidłowy przebieg procesu leczenia. Zagadnienie opracowania testów kontroli jakości systemów planowania leczenia w radioterapii zostało w piśmiennictwie szczegółowo omówione, ale większość publikacji skupiała się na systemach dedykowanych teleradioterapii. Wynikało to z faktu, że nowoczesne systemy planowania leczenia oparte na obrazowaniu z wykorzystaniem tomografii komputerowej i rezonansu magnetycznego pojawiły się w brachyterapii dużo później. W okresie największego rozwoju systemów planowania w teleradioterapii, w brachyterapii wciąż wykorzystywane były proste programy, pozwalające na obliczenia dawek punktowych w określonych odległościach od źródła promieniotwórczego.
Analysis Intervention Giving Warm Compress with Boiled Ginger in the Elderly who Sufferer Osteoarthritis: Case Study
Authors: Susyanti Susan , Windi Windi
Published: February 2025

The incidence rate of osteoarthritis in Indonesia is very high that is with incidence is 5% in age not enough of 40 years, 30% occur at the age of 40-60 years, and 65% occur at the age more from 61 years. Handling non - pharmacologically can become alternative management of the elderly with Osteoarthritis, among others giving compress warm stew ginger. Case study This aim for analyze intervention care nursing with giving compress warm stew ginger for lower-level pain in the elderly Osteoarthritis sufferers. Data collection method with history taking, observation and examination physical, done analysis with compare theory with practice-based evidence (Evidence Based Practice). Participants in the study case are a elderly Osteoarthritis sufferers and instruments For measure scale painful using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). Intervention care nursing who has done with giving compress warm stew ginger proven can lower scale pain in someone elderly people suffering from deep osteoarthritis relative time​ fast. This is because​ ginger own Gingerol content contains cyclooxygenase that can hinder the formation of prostaglandins as pain mediators. Gingerol content and the warm feeling it creates from giving compress warm stew ginger This make vessels blood open and smooth circulation blood, so supply food and oxygen better and painful joints become reduce. Therefore​ that's a gift compress warm stew ginger can used as one of the alternative possible non - pharmacological treatment lower scale pain in osteoarthritis sufferers.
Nursing Care for Disorders of the Integumental System: Debridement of Cellulitis e.c. Diabetes Mellitus Type II a/r Dextra of the Femur and Fibula
Authors: Farhan Zahara , Permana Gin Gin Sugih
Published: February 2025

Inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue resulting from Streptococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria is known as cellulitis. This research study aims to provide practical experience in assessment, diagnosis, planning, execution, and evaluation of direct and comprehensive nursing care for clients with integumentary system issues. When writing in a case study format, descriptive writing is used. These cases had difficulties with restricted physical mobility, poor skin tissue integrity, acute pain, and dietary inadequacies. The study's tactics are tailored to the specific health concerns of each participant, taking into account the predetermined goals and objectives. Addressing the root causes of the issues with the integumentary system is the goal of nursing care. Mr. S showed improvement in the nursing care process evaluation, with three nursing problems fully treated and one partially fixed. The findings of this scientific study align with previously developed tactics. This is inextricably linked to the family's provision of support, guidance from clinical instructors and academic supervisors, and the entire nursing care implementation process for Mr. S, who has integumentary system difficulties
Benson Relaxation Technique for Post Orif Patient on Indications of Multiple Fractures of Femur, Tibia, and Humerus Dextra: Case Study
Authors: Scintya Fryta , Sulastini Sulastini,
Published: February 2025

Fracture is a break that occurs in bones due to trauma, often caused by traffic accidents. One of the typical symptoms of bone fractures is pain. Pain can be managed through pharmacological interventions involving the administration of medical drugs, and non-pharmacological management to reduce pain can be achieved through the Benson relaxation technique. This final scientific work aims to provide an overview of nursing care for patients with fracture disorders presenting pain issues and interventions involving the Benson relaxation technique. Descriptive analytics were employed in the form of a case study approach, utilizing nursing care approaches. Over a period of 5 days, nurses intervened in acute pain through the Benson relaxation technique. Summative evaluation results indicated that the problem was resolved. This was evidenced by a reduction in pain intensity from a scale of 5 to a pain scale of 2 (on a scale of 0-10). Based on case analysis and the application of Evidence-Based Practice, a decrease in pain intensity in Mr. R was observed by implementing the Benson relaxation technique in a post-ORIF (Open Reduction Internal Fixation) fracture case.
Topical Breast Milk as an Alternative Prevention Intervention of Omphalitis in Newborn: Case Study
Authors: Ernawati Ernawati
Published: February 2025

Two newborns were analyzed for the fall of the umbilical cord. One of the babies received intervention with topical breastmilk 3 times a day until pupation, while baby B was given dry method intervention. The data collection technique was interviews and observation. The process of releasing the umbilical cord in babies with topical breast milk until the 4th day without odor appearing. In baby B, the detention occurred on the 7th day by leaving a smelly and wet at the base of the umbilical cord. The Topical Breastmilk method was effective and faster in pulling the umbilical cord than the dry method. So that, it can be used as a recommendation in umbilical cord care.
Providing Psychological Nursing Care at Mental Rehabilitation Clinic, Addressing Self-Concept Challenges: Low Self-Worth Alongside a Bipolar Diagnosis
Authors: Permana Gin Gin Sugih
Published: February 2025

It is acknowledged that mental health plays a significant role in overall health. A person who is mentally disturbed and unable to function normally is said to have a mental disorder. This case study aims to provide an overview of mental nursing care for clients with low self-esteem, including assessment, diagnosis, intervention, implementation, and evaluation. The study employs a descriptive method, utilizing case studies, data collection techniques, observation, interviews, and a literature review to examine nursing acts that empower clients to recognize and utilize their strengths. The goal is to promote collaboration among rehabilitation clinics, professional organizations, families, and healthcare workers to deliver effective nursing care for mental health conditions, ultimately enhancing the well-being of individuals with low self-esteem and bipolar disorder.
Pulmonary Tuberculosis Nursing Care with Management of Airway Clearance: Case Study
Authors: Surya Pratama Erlangga , Wahyudi Iwan
Published: February 2025

Pulmonary tuberculosis is a contagious infectious disease with the highest prevalence in the world and the third largest in Indonesia with 10.4 million cases each year. Transmission occurs when a sufferer coughs or sneezes and the sufferer accidentally spreads germs into the air in the form of droplets. A person suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis can infect 10-15 people around him. Therefore, infectious disease management needs to be carried out as an effort to control several disease risk factors to maintain and improve public health. Objective: This case study aims to test the effectiveness of implementing effective coughing as a management method for ineffective airway clearance in pulmonary tuberculosis sufferers. Method: The method used is a case study by taking anamnesis, observation, physical examination and medical records. The participant in this study was Mr. R with pulmonary tuberculosis. Results: The results of this case study show that Effective coughing exercises are useful for managing airway clearance in pulmonary tuberculosis sufferers, this is characterized by sputum that can be expelled through the mouth, which is characterized by reduced shortness of breath, normal respiratory frequency, regular breathing rhythm, no additional breath sounds. Therefore, cough training has been empirically proven to be effective in managing airway clearance in pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Recommendation: Effective coughing can only be applied to pulmonary tuberculosis patients with shortness of breath, cough with phlegm, rhonchi breath sounds, and complaints that sputum is difficult to expel.
Analysis of Post Episiotomy Nursing Care with Cold Compress Intervention
Authors: Nurafita Hera , Yekti Widadi Sri , Puspita Tantri , Wahyudin
Published: February 2025

Postpartum is the time to start after placenta birth until return of reproductive organs to in normal condition or before pregnancy taking place for 6-8 weeks. Service postpartum given to Mother during period from 6 hours to 42 days, because often give rise to rips in the road birth (episiotomy) which can give rise to happen bleeding and infection in the mother postpartum. The objective was to get an idea of the application of therapy compress cold as intervention in patients postpartum spontaneous with problem inconvenience post-partum. A descriptive case study using anamnesis, observation, physical examination, and medical records. The results showed that the case study of post-partum patients spontaneous with discomfort nursing problems post-partum consequence wound episiotomy obtained subjective data and objective data , author​ get problem nursing main inconvenience post-partum intercourse with perineal trauma during labor and birth , proven with exists wound episiotomy degree II . Discomfort caused by injuries​ episiotomy can overcome with use therapy compress cold, this be marked with exists decline scale painful from 5 to 2 after done intervention in 3 days. Therapy compress cold own significant influence​ of postpartum discomfort in post-partum patients spontaneous Birth
Analysis of Nursing Care to mother with Post-Caesarean Pain and Lavender Aromatherapy Intervention
Authors: Winarsih Wiwin , Yekti Widadi Sri
Published: February 2025

A Cesarean section (C-section) is a surgical procedure involving an incision into the abdominal wall and uterus to deliver a baby. This procedure disrupts tissue continuity and nerve endings, resulting in pain at the incision site post-surgery. Lavender aromatherapy is a non-pharmacological pain management technique that has been shown to alleviate pain. This study aims to evaluate the effect of lavender aromatherapy on reducing pain intensity in patients post-Cesarean section in the Marjan Bawah Room at Dr. Slamet Garut General Hospital. This descriptive study used a case study design. The Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) was used as the instrument to measure pain intensity in patients. Pain levels were assessed before and after applying lavender aromatherapy for three consecutive days. The case study revealed that the application of lavender aromatherapy significantly reduced pain intensity in post-Cesarean patients. Prior to the aromatherapy intervention, the patient's pain level was recorded as 6 (moderate pain). After three days of lavender aromatherapy, pain intensity decreased to 2 (mild pain). Lavender can effectively reduce pain intensity in post-Cesarean patients, suggesting its potential as a valuable adjunct in pain management strategies.
Isometric Exercise Intervention for Mrs. E with Uric Acid-Induced Pain Above Normal: A Case Study
Authors: Hafidh Aditia , Puspita Tantri
Published: February 2025

Elevated uric acid levels, also known as hyperuricemia, is a metabolic condition caused by the accumulation of monosodium urate monohydrate crystals in the joints. This condition often leads to painful gout attacks, characterized by excruciating pain that is recurrent and can cause joint damage over time. The presence of uric acid crystals contributes to inflammation and pain by interacting with phospholipid membranes and serum factors. Pain management for hyperuricemia can involve both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments, with one such non-pharmacological approach being isometric exercise. This study aims to analyze family nursing care for a patient with elevated uric acid levels above normal and the effect of isometric exercise in reducing joint pain in Cikondang Village, Tanjung Kemuning, within the working area of UPT Puskesmas Tarogong, Garut Regency. A descriptive case study method was used, which included anamnesis, observation, physical examination, and medical record review. The case study showed that chronic pain, the primary nursing problem in this patient with elevated uric acid levels, was effectively managed through isometric exercise. This was evidenced by a reduction in the patient's pain score from moderate pain (4) to mild pain (1). The isometric exercise intervention significantly reduced joint pain in the patient with elevated uric acid levels.