bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Tissue‐Equivalent, Reusable Dosimeter for 3D Verification of Radiotherapy
Authors: Jensen Mads L. , Nielsen Camilla L. , Jensen Morten B. , Muren Ludvig P. , Turtos Rosana M. , Julsgaard Brian , Balling Peter
Published: October 2024

A new tissue‐equivalent, reusable material for dosimetric verification of radiotherapy is developed and characterized. The material comprises a hydrogel matrix containing copper‐doped lithium fluoride nanoparticles that exhibit optically stimulated luminescence (OSL). Using a laser light sheet and a sensitive camera equipped with appropriate filters, the OSL signal is read out layer by layer thus constructing the 3D dose distribution. The good tissue equivalence allows the new material to register the dose from a prescribed treatment plan as if delivered to a patient. Cubic dosimeters measuring 50 × 50 × 50 mm3 are developed and used to measure 3D dose distributions (from voxels measuring 0.8 × 0.8 × 1.0 mm3) with a statistical dose precision of 5% at 100 Gy dose levels. The spatial precision of offsets in dose gradients between planned and measured dose distributions is below the voxel size. A 3% / 3 mm gamma analysis between a prescribed treatment plan and the retrieved and corrected readout yields a pass rate of 89.5%. Light scattering within the dosimetric volume affects the dosimeter performance, indicating the potential for future improvements of spatial and dose precision. In conclusion, the dosimeter system shows high promise for future clinical validation of radiotherapy.
Unveiling the Resistive Switching Mechanism and Low Current Dynamics of Ru‐based Hybrid Synaptic Memristors
Authors: Woo Dae‐Seong , Jin Soo‐Min , Kim Jae‐Kyeong , Park Gwang‐Ho , Lee Woo‐Guk , Han Min‐Jong , Kim Ji‐Hoon , Shim Tae‐Hun , Park Jinsub , Park Jea‐Gun
Published: October 2024

Mobile Ru ions in oxide media have been reported as a novel species that offer extremely low switching currents for memristors. However, their bi‐stable resistive‐switching (RS) and low‐switching currents dynamics have not been quantitatively unveiled. Here, the bi‐stable RS mechanism via in‐depth field‐induced atomic migration and chemical bonding state studies is elucidated, showing that the RS of the Ru‐based hybrid memristor (RHM) is possible via the simultaneously controlled hybrid Ru cation and oxygen anion. Additionally, the Ru ion mobility is quantitatively obtained via atomic moving distance and switching time measurements, demonstrating that the lower Ru ion mobility, compared to other conventional mobile species in oxide media, can be the origin of the low‐switching currents. It is found that the current conduction mechanism of the low‐resistance‐state in RHMs has temperature‐range‐dependencies. The direct tunneling conduction mechanism is dominant in relatively low temperatures; however, the ionic transport and thermally activated hopping conduction mechanism govern the current flow in high temperatures. Owing to the low Ru ion mobility, the RHM exhibits highly linear synaptic plasticity with a low‐conductance regime, showing outstanding energy efficiency compared to other memristors in image recognition tasks. These findings can contribute to improving the feasibility of hyper‐scale synaptic cores consisting of RHMs.
Triggering Reversible Intercalation‐Conversion Combined Chemistry for High‐Energy–Density Lithium Battery Cathodes
Authors: Heo Jaehoon , Jung Sung‐Kyun , Yu Seungju , Han Sangwook , Yoo Jaekyun , Kim Youngsu , Jang Ho‐Young , Kang Kisuk
Published: October 2024

Combining intercalation and conversion reactions maximizes the utilization of redox‐active elements in electrodes, providing a means for overcoming the current capacity ceiling. However, integrating both mechanisms within a single electrode material presents significant challenges owing to their contrasting structural requirements. Intercalation requires a well‐defined host structure for efficient lithium‐ion diffusion, whereas conversion reactions entail structural reorganization, which can undermine intercalation capabilities. Based on the previous study that successfully demonstrated reversible intercalation–conversion chemistry in amorphous LiFeSO4F, this study aims to provide an in‐depth understanding on how this can be enabled. Experimental and theoretical investigations of a model system based on tavorite‐structured LiFeSO4F revealed that amorphization governs the activation and reversibility of the combined reactions. Enhanced reversibility is achieved through the facile migration of transition metals within the amorphous matrix. Unexpectedly, it is found that amorphization also narrowed the voltage gap between the intercalation and conversion reactions. This voltage‐gap reduction is explained by the thermodynamic metastability of the amorphous phase. The applicability of the approach to other intercalation hosts is further demonstrated, showing that amorphization enables reversible intercalation and conversion. These findings suggest a new strategy that leverages the full potential of intercalation and conversion reactions, introducing new avenues for cathode design.
Reconfigurable Visible Light‐Driven Liquid Crystalline Network Showing Off‐Equilibrium Motions Enabled by Mesogen‐Grafted Donor–Acceptor Stenhouse Adducts
Authors: Li Zhaozhong , Wang Zizheng , Chen Xinyu , Bao Jinying , Zhang Yuhan , Wang Zichen , Zhang Lanying , Xiao Jiumei , Lan Ruochen , Yang Huai
Published: October 2024

Liquid crystalline network (LCN)–based soft actuators have opened up great opportunities to fabricate emerging and intriguing smart materials, serving as potential building blocks for intelligent soft robotics. Endowing LCN actuators with complex responsive behaviors to enhance their intelligence is both challenging and highly demanded. Herein, Donor–Acceptor Stenhouse Adducts (DASAs) molecules with rod‐like mesogen and the polymerizable group are judiciously designed and synthesized, which is strong‐colored at linear form and de‐coloration at cyclic form after visible light. In the colored state, the DASA presents a striking photothermal effect that is capable of driving the motions of LCN film. Upon visible light irradiation, the DASA becomes colorless, making the diminishing photothermal effect. The light‐gated switching of the photothermal effect renders the LCN films to be reconfigurable and perform off‐equilibrium motions. The varying glass transition temperature of LCN matrix endowing tunable isomerization rates of DASAs and the equilibrium balance of photo‐ and thermal‐isomerization at different temperatures in LCN‐P‐DASA film mainly guiding the off‐equilibrium or stable motions, providing high adjustability of the novel visible light‐driven LCN actuators. The multiply modulated LCN‐P‐DASA film holds great potential in constructing complex visible light‐driven soft actuators based on the synergetic effect and interactions of photochemical and photothermal effects.
DFT and AIMD Evaluation of Boron‐Doped Biphenylene as an Anode Material in Lithium‐ and Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Fardi Mahdi , Hosseini Mohammadreza , Nasrollahpour Mokhtar , Vafaee Mohsen
Published: October 2024

Design and proposal of high‐efficiency anode materials are crucial for the development of batteries with enhanced power and energy density, a key factor in their commercialization. This study presents a comparative theoretical study to evaluate the potential of boron‐doped biphenylene (B‐BP) as an anode electrode in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). Current research investigates the impact of boron doping on the structural, electronic, and stability properties of pristine biphenylene. Computational calculations reveal strong interactions between charge carriers (Li and Na atoms) and the proposed anode with a charge transfer from Li/Na atom to the surface. According to kinetic studies, a low energy barrier for charge carrier diffusion has been obtained which makes it a promising candidate for fast‐charge battery applications. Theoretical capacity calculations show that B‐BP outperforms graphite as the commercial case of anode material, with calculated values of 560.67 mAh g−1 for Li and 934.45 mAh g−1 for Na storage.
Advancing Optoelectronics with Benzonitriles: Theoretical Understanding, Experimental Realization, and Single‐Molecule White Light Emission
Authors: Szukalski Adam , Szukalska Alina , El Karout Houda , Wawrzynczyk Dominika , Zawadzka Anna , Wielgosz Robert , Sahraoui Bouchta , Krawczyk Przemysław
Published: October 2024

Benzonitrile derivatives (BDs) are very promising for applications in materials science, photonics, and optoelectronics due to their intriguing electronic and optical properties. This study comprehensively investigates BDs, aiming to uncover their fundamental characteristics and potential applications. Using advanced theoretical techniques like Gaussian software, it is gained unprecedented insights into the photoinduced isomerization phenomenon for all‐optical switching in these compounds. The theoretical framework clarifies molecular transition states and explores a range of properties, providing a comprehensive understanding of BDs. Empirical data on the emission properties of BDs, from fluorescence analyses in liquid solutions to light amplification in solid‐state PMMA thin films, complement the theoretical examinations. Notably, white light emission from a single benzonitrile compound is achieved, showcasing its potential for data transmission through Li‐Fi technology. Finally, the all‐optical switching phenomenon in BDs using 3rd order nonlinear optical effects is experimentally validated. This complementary and comprehensive study advances understanding of BDs and demonstrates their potential for practical applications in emerging photonic and optoelectronic technologies.
Hierarchically‐Interlocked, Three‐Axis soft Iontronic Sensor for Omnidirectional Shear and Normal Forces
Authors: Shen Zequn , Ren Jieji , Zhang Ningbin , Li Jinhao , Gu Guoying
Published: October 2024

Artificial tactile sensing capable of measuring shear and normal forces is crucial for the diverse human‐machine interactions and dexterous robotic manipulations. However, existing soft multi‐axis force sensors usually suffer from limited detectable directions and complex coupling mechanisms, limiting their applications in realistic wearable and robotic systems. Here, a hierarchically‐interlocked, three‐axis soft iontronic sensor is presented with an asymmetrical electrode pattern that leverages the mortise‐and‐tenon structure and ultracapacitive principle to detect omnidirectional shear and normal forces. The designed sensor facilitates the decoupling process and achieves enhanced sensing performances including high accuracy, fast response ability, and mechanical robustness. Prototypical integration and application of the sensor are demonstrated to perform wearable telecontrol of virtual platforms and assist robot gripper through closed‐loop force feedback. A sensing array is further developed to construct a touch panel and identify handwriting based on the continuously measured directions of applied forces. This work may offer a potentially promising solution for the next‐generation intelligent electronic skins requiring multimodal tactile sensing information.
Percutaneous Wearable Biosensors: A Brief History and Systems Perspective
Authors: Peterson Kaila L. , Shukla Rajendra P. , Daniele Michael A.
Published: October 2024

Wearable biosensors are envisioned to disrupt both delivery and accessibility of healthcare by providing real‐time, continuous monitoring of informative and predictive physiological markers in convenient, user‐friendly, and portable designs. In recent years, there has been myriad demonstrations of biosensor‐integrated clothing and skin‐borne biosensor patches, enabled by device miniaturization, reduced power consumption, and new biosensing chemistries. Despite these impressive demonstrations, most consumer‐grade wearables have been limited to biophotonic and biopotential sensing methods to extrapolate information such as pulse, blood oxygenation, and electrocardiograms. The only commercial example of wearable electrochemical sensing methods is for glucose monitoring. However, there is a growing interest in developing percutaneous biosensors for monitoring in interstitial fluid (ISF), which offers direct access to popular analytes such as glucose, lactate, and urea, as well as new targets like hormones, antibodies, and even medications. Herein, a brief context for the current status of wearable biosensors is provided and assess the major engineering successes and pitfalls of percutaneous biosensors over the past five years, with a view to identifying areas for further developments that will enable deployable, clinical‐ or consumer‐grade systems.
Enhancing Exosomal Delivery to Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms using Magnetically Responsive Chemotactic Nanomotors for Elastic Matrix Regenerative Repair
Authors: Wang Lulu , Zhang Yao , Mao Chun , Li Xiaoqiang
Published: October 2024

Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) involve localized dilation of the abdominal aorta, with the reversal of this condition being significantly limited by the inherently poor and abnormal regenerative repair of the aortic elastic matrix. Mesenchymal stem cell exosomes (MSCEs) are promising regenerative tools; however, achieving precise targeting of AAA with MSCEs is challenging owing to the high blood flow in the arterial system. In this study, an engineered exosomal nanomotor is developed for magnetic and chemical propulsion. The results demonstrate that this nanomotor effectively enhances the delivery of MSCEs to the AAA through magnetic field navigation and catalase‐induced chemotaxis. The nanomotor significantly enhances the elastic matrix repair, reduces oxidative stress, and activates the PI3K/Akt pathway, leading to aneurysm shrinkage and reversal. In addition, the nanomotor possesses magnetic resonance imaging capabilities. The use of this nanomotor offers a novel, targeted drug delivery system in a rat model of AAA and holds promise as a potential therapeutic option for this condition.
Submicron Embedded Air/GaN Diffraction Gratings for Photonic Applications
Authors: Gołyga Oliwia , Muziol Grzegorz , Feduniewicz‐Żmuda Anna , Siekacz Marcin , Turski Henryk , Sochacki Tomasz , Słowikowski Mateusz , Prozheev Igor , Tuomisto Filip , Pruszyńska‐Karbownik Emilia , Fąs Tomasz , Suffczyński Jan , Skierbiszewski Czesław , Sawicka Marta
Published: October 2024

The integration of photonic elements with nitride optoelectronic structures allows control of emitted light properties, which is advantageous for achieving, e.g., a single wavelength lasing. Positioning of the photonic structures on the top surface of GaN‐based devices is problematic, in particular, for deposition of a metal contact to p‐type top layer. In this work, custom‐shaped submicron air channels arranged periodically 150 nm below the sample surface, forming an air/GaN diffraction grating embedded within a volume of the structure is proposed and fabricated. The fabrication process includes selective area Si ion implantation, GaN regrowth using plasma‐assisted molecular beam epitaxy, ultra‐high‐pressure annealing for efficient electrical activation of implanted Si without diffusion, and electrochemical etching for the removal of selectively doped material. Embedded air/GaN diffraction gratings with periodicity of 460 and 631 nm are shown. Width of air channels ranges from 46 to 320 nm. Angle and polarization resolved reflectivity measurements combined with theoretical modeling confirm the designed optical performance of the embedded diffraction gratings in the GaN volume. The presented design and fabrication of custom‐shaped, fully integrated photonic structures buried below the surface paves the way for novel type constructions of optoelectronic devices, such as compact distributed feedback laser diodes
Enhancing Oxygen Reduction Kinetics and Proton Transfer of La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3−δ Cathode through Pr2Ni0.5Co0.5O4−δ Impregnation for Protonic Ceramic Fuel Cells
Authors: Yao Penghui , Zhang Jian , Qiu Qianyuan , Zhao Yicheng , Yu Fangyong , Li Yongdan
Published: October 2024

Sluggish reaction kinetics in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is one of the most important challenges to the development of protonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs). La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3−δ (LSCF) exhibits high mixed ionic–electronic conductivity in traditional solid oxide fuel cells, but their slow proton transfer and ORR kinetics impedes practical applications. Herein, composite Pr2Ni0.5Co0.5O4−δ (PNC) particles composed of a perovskite PrNi0.5Co0.5O3−δ phase and a PrO2 phase are impregnated into a LSCF cathode to enhance the ORR activity and proton transfer. The polarization tested in a symmetric cell with PNC‐impregnated LSCF cathode is 0.06 Ω cm2 at 700 °C. The fuel cell with this impregnated cathode shows maximum power densities of 1857 mW cm−2 at 700 °C. Moreover, the impregnated cathode exhibits a low degradation rate in the durability test. This work not only provides a novel and practical approach to improving the performance of current cathode materials for PCFCs but also highlights the potential for enhancing the commercial viability of PCFC technology.
An Emerging Solid‐State Electrolyte Reactor to Drive the Future of Electrochemical Synthesis
Authors: Li Weisong , Zhai Yanjie , Xia Qing , Zhang Xiao
Published: October 2024

Electrochemical reactors, powered by renewable electricity, have garnered widespread attention for chemical synthesis due to their low energy consumption and pollution‐free features. However, the inherent design flaw of traditional electrochemical reactors has persistently hindered the advancement of electrochemical synthesis, as they result in low product concentrations, low purity, and continuous production issues. As a novel electrochemical reactor, the porous solid‐state electrolyte (PSE) reactor is elaborately designed to overcome the limitation by enabling the direct and continuous synthesis of pure products, possessing a modular and scalable structure with high efficiency, safety, and long stability. In this work, first, the distinctive design of the PSE reactor, highlighting its structural features, core components, and variable configurations, is introduced. Furthermore, the configuration‐relevant applications in electrosynthesis, such as formic acid, acetic acid, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production, are summarized. Integrated applications are also discussed, along with potential domains for improvements and optimization. Finally, the future developmental directions of the PSE devices are thoroughly explored. By addressing its unique design attributes, showcasing its capabilities, and envisioning prospective refinements and diverse applications, the aim is to boost the progression of this transformative technology toward widespread commercialization and industrial adoption, thereby revolutionizing sustainable electrochemical synthesis.
Timing of Alzheimer's disease biomarker progressions: A two‐decade observational study from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI)
Authors: Schaap Tamar , Thropp Pamela , Tosun Duygu ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION

Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) has been pivotal in identifying and refining Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers for clinical trials. This study leverages longitudinal data from participants who have progressed to amyloid‐positivity during their study participation to track evolution of biomarkers and cognitive function.

METHODS

We modeled AD biomarker (positron emission tomography [PET], structural, cerebrospinal fluid [CSF], cognition) trajectories before and after observed amyloid‐positivity onset time to detect time at which each biomarker had detectable trajectory changes.

RESULTS

Analysis of a sub‐cohort of the 20‐year ADNI study (N = 90) recapitulated Alzheimer's progression beginning with amyloid alterations ‐4.8 to ‐5.3 years relative to amyloid‐positivity, succeeded by neurodegeneration (t = ‐4.0 to ‐4.1 years), and CSF tau (t = ‐0.4 to ‐0.5 years). Cognitive decline was observed to significantly correspond with emergence of amyloid‐positivity (t = 0.2 to 2.4 years).

DISCUSSION

Our results corroborate temporal progression curves of AD biomarkers, providing insights on earliest detectable changes in objective and subjective cognitive function assessments.
Efficacy and Safety of Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular, Renal Events, and Safety Outcomes in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Comorbid Type 2 Diabetes: A Population‐Based Target Trial Emulation
Authors: Ma Kevin Sheng‐Kai , Lo Jui‐En , Kyttaris Vasileios C. , Tsokos George C. , Costenbader Karen H.
Published: October 2024

Objective

Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were excluded from sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) clinical trials. It is unknown whether the cardiorenal benefits of SGLT2i extend to patients with SLE and comorbid type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods

We performed an emulated clinical trial in an insurance‐based cohort in the United States, evaluating SGLT2i versus dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors (DPP4i) for primary prevention of cardiovascular, renal, and other clinical outcomes among patients with both SLE and comorbid T2D. SGLT2i initiators were matched to DPP4i initiators using propensity scores (PSs) based on clinical and demographic factors. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using Cox models.

Results

Outcomes among 2,165 patients starting SGLT2i and 2,165 PS‐matched patients starting DPP4i were compared. Over 753.1 (±479.2) mean days, SGLT2i recipients had significantly lower risks of incident acute kidney injury (HR 0.49, 95% CI 0.39–0.63), chronic kidney disease (HR 0.61, 95% CI 0.50–0.76), end‐stage renal disease (HR 0.40, 95% CI 0.20–0.80), heart failure (HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.56–0.92), emergency department visits (HR 0.90, 0.82–0.99), and severe sepsis (HR 0.61, 95% CI 0.39–0.94). Risks of all‐cause mortality (HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.65–1.21), lupus nephritis (HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.38–1.15), myocardial infarction (HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.54–1.23), stroke (HR 1.03, 95% CI 0.74–1.44), and hospitalizations (HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.51–1.12) did not differ. Genital infection risk (HR 1.31, 95% CI 1.07–1.61) was increased, but urinary tract infection risk (HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.79–1.03) did not differ. No significant difference was observed for diabetic ketoacidosis risk (HR 1.07, 95% CI 0.53–2.14) and fractures (HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.66–1.36).

Conclusion

In this emulated clinical trial, treatment with SGLT2i, compared to DPP4i therapy, was associated with significantly reduced risks of several cardiorenal complications among patients with both SLE and T2D.
Mental health and its consequences in people living with HIV: A network approach
Authors: Meeder Elise M. G. , Eekeren Louise E. van , Blaauw Marc J. T. , Groenendijk Albert L. , Vos Wilhelm A. J. W. , Lunzen Jan van , Joosten Leo A. B. , Netea Mihai G. , Mast Quirijn de , Blok Willem L. , Verbon Annelies , Berrevoets Marvin A. H. , Matzaraki Vasiliki , Ven Andre J. A. M. van der , Schellekens Arnt F. A.
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Psychiatric symptoms occur frequently in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH), which may affect quality of life, sexual risk behavior, and adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Data from large cohorts are limited, and symptoms are often analyzed in isolation. Therefore, we applied a network analysis to assess the interrelatedness of mental health indicators in a large cohort of PLWH.

Methods

We included 1615 PLWH on ART. Participants reported on the severity of depression, anxiety, impulsivity, substance use, quality of life, sexual risk behavior, and ART adherence. An Ising network model was constructed to analyze interrelations between mental health indicators and connections with clinical consequences.

Results

Our network analysis revealed that symptoms of depression, anxiety, and indicators of impulsivity were interrelated. Substance use was prevalent and strongly connected with sexual risk behavior. Quality of life was most strongly connected with symptoms of depression. Unexpectedly, ART adherence did not display connections with any of the mental health indicators.

Conclusion

In PLWH, the interrelatedness between symptoms of depression and anxiety and indicators of impulsivity is high. Mainly, depressive symptoms seem to impact quality of life, which warrants attention for depression in PLWH. We did not observe evidence for the common assumption that patients suffering from psychiatric symptoms are less adherent to HIV treatment.
ESG and firm performance: The effects of foreigners on board and export orientation
Authors: Wu Chen‐Hui , Nguyen Thi‐Kim‐Tuyen
Published: October 2024

This study investigates whether environmental, social, and governance (ESG) disclosures enhance industry‐adjusted firm performance and whether the presence of foreigners on board and export orientation affect this relationship. The Taiwan dataset from 2013 to 2020 indicates that ESG practices positively affect accounting‐ and market‐based performance (i.e., adjusted Tobin's Q and adjusted MTB ratio). However, ESG has no significant relationship with purely market‐based performance (i.e., adjusted Jensen Alpha and adjusted FF3). The results illustrate a significant joint effect of ESG with foreigners on board and export experience on accounting and market‐based performance. The findings provide deeper insight into the complex relationship between sustainability practices, ownership structures, and international businesses. Our findings remain consistent when using alternative estimation methods to account for endogeneity and selection bias.
Research and innovation of the “ship navigation radar” course based on the four‐in‐one approach in engineering education accreditation
Authors: Jingjing Lian , Xiao Yang , Delong Wang
Published: October 2024

To achieve the strategic goal of marine and transportation power, it is imperative to cultivate highly skilled navigation professionals with a strong theoretical foundation and practical expertize. Seizing the opportunity by the “Double Thousand Plan” first‐class undergraduate courses initiated by the Ministry of Education, a four‐in‐one experimental teaching model is developed for ship navigation radar courses that integrate virtual reality technology under the context of engineering certification. The model encompasses land laboratory real training, maritime radar simulator training platform, comprehensive real‐ship training at sea, and virtual laboratory teaching and training. Through this innovative approach, students can acquire essential knowledge of ship navigation radar required for practical activities in navigation practice while honing their operational skills in positioning, navigation, and collision avoidance using radars. Furthermore, an analysis of course attainment and future development trends is conducted to provide insights into enhancing maritime education and fostering internationally competitive shipping talents.
Sources of meaning and hope and associated well‐being among psychotherapy clients: A practice‐based mixed method study
Authors: Captari Laura E. , Guterres Karley , Oleson Dottie , Devor Nancy , Sandage Steven J.
Published: October 2024

Background

Despite the recognition of meaning and hope as salient for many individuals in mental health treatment, little empirical attention has been given to patient perspectives. Research has primarily looked at the presence—or absence—of meaning and hope, and associations with symptom distress and suicidality.

Aims

These constructs are multi‐faceted and influenced by social, cultural and spiritual/religious contexts. Understanding where clients draw meaning and hope from can provide valuable information to inform case formulation, treatment planning and intervention.

Materials and Methods

This mixed method practice‐based study (N = 233) in an outpatient community clinic (a) elucidated key areas that fuel clients' sense of meaning and hope and (b) explored associations with well‐being.

Results

Qualitatively, we identified six domains through thematic analysis: interpersonal, action‐based, transcendent, intrapersonal, environmental/contextual and lacking/searching. A sub‐set of clients also emerged who were lacking in and/or searching for meaning or hope. Quantitatively, one‐way ANOVA results indicated that source diversity was associated with greater well‐being.

Discussion

Findings illustrate that patients draw from culturally and spiritually embedded sources to construct meaning and hope in their lives, with distinctions between areas most salient for meaning, hope and both. Furthermore, having fewer sources of meaning and/or hope may represent a well‐being liability.

Conclusion

Therapists should pro‐actively explore and consider ways to bolster patients' sources of meaning and hope, considering evidence of implications for well‐being outcomes.
Structure‐Activity Relationship of 7‐Chloro‐4‐(Phenylselanyl) Quinoline: Novel Antinociceptive and Anti‐Inflammatory Effects in Mice
Authors: da Rocha Vanessa M. E. , da Motta Ketlyn P. , Martins Carolina C. , Lemos Briana B. , Larroza Allya , Morais Roberto B. , Steinhorst Rodrigo K. , Roehrs Juliano A. , Alves Diego , Luchese Cristiane , Wilhelm Ethel A.
Published: October 2024

The 7‐chloro‐4‐(phenylselanyl) quinoline (4‐PSQ) shows promise for its antinociceptive and anti‐inflammatory properties. Here, we explored the structure‐activity relationship of 4‐PSQ and its analogues: 7‐chloro‐4‐[(4‐fluorophenyl) selanyl]quinoline (a), 7‐chloro‐4‐{[3‐trifluoromethyl)phenyl] selanyl} quinoline (b), 4‐((3,5‐Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl) selanyl‐7‐chloroquinoline (c), 7‐chloro‐4‐[(2,4,6‐trimethyl)selanyl]quinolinic acid (d) and 7‐chloroquinoline‐4‐selenium acid (e) in models of acute inflammation and chemical, thermal and mechanical nociception in mice, alongside in silico analysis. Compounds a (−F), b (−CF3), c (−Bis‐CF3), d (−CH3), e (−OOH), and 4‐PSQ exhibited antinociceptive effects in chemical and thermal nociception models, except d (−CH3) and e (−OOH) in the hot plate test. None induced locomotor changes. In silico, only c (−Bis‐CF3) showed low gastrointestinal absorption, and c (−Bis‐CF3) and e (−OOH) lacked blood‐brain barrier penetration, suggesting e (−OOH) lacked central antinociceptive effect. These compounds had higher COX‐2 affinity than COX‐1. Our findings suggest substituent insertion alters 4‐PSQ's efficacy as an antinociceptive and anti‐inflammatory agent.
Hydralazine and Hydrazine Derivatives: Properties, Applications, and Repositioning Potential
Authors: Romão Ivana Carneiro , Siqueira Sônia Maria Costa , Silva Abreu Flávia Oliveira Monteiro da , Santos Hélcio Silva dos
Published: October 2024

The investigation of new drugs is slow and costly. Drug repositioning, like with Hydralazine (HDZ), an old antihypertensive, can accelerate the process. HDZ and its hydrazonic derivatives exhibit diverse biological activities, promising for new drugs. This review explores HDZ's repositioning potential and its derivatives’ applications in various biological activities. It identified 70 relevant articles through database searches. HDZ shows potential in neurology, oncology, nephrology, and gynecology, with clinical trials up to Phase III. Hydralazine‐valproate, marketed in Mexico, proves effective in combination with chemotherapy. Hydrazonic derivatives offer broad applications in medicine. Studying their structure‐activity relationship can enhance efficacy. This review summarizes their properties and pharmacological activities succinctly.
MARCHF1 promotes breast cancer through accelerating REST ubiquitylation and following TFAM transcription
Authors: Li Jutao , Gao Zhenming
Published: October 2024

Breast cancer has become the leading cause of death in women. Membrane associated ring‐CH‐type finger 1 (MARCHF1) is associated with the development of various types of cancer, but the exact role of MARCHF1 in breast cancer remains unclear. In our study, the higher MARCHF1 expression was observed in tumor samples of patients with breast cancer and then the role of MARCHF1 in breast cancer was further evaluated. Overexpression of MARCHF1 contributed to proliferation of cancer cells and inhibition of oxidative stress. Knockdown of MARCHF1 reduced breast cancer cell proliferation, increased mitochondrial dysfunction induced by oxidative stress, eventually aggravating cell death. In vivo, MARCHF1 promoted the tumor growth and oppositely, MARCHF1 silencing suppressed the tumor development. Moreover, MARCHF1 interacted with repressor Element‐1 silencing transcription factor (REST) and facilitated its ubiquitylation and degradation. Subsequently, REST negatively regulated the transcription of mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM). The subcutaneous tumor formation assay in nude mice also supported these conclusions. In details, knockdown of MARCHF1 upregulated the protein expression of REST and downregulated the mRNA level of TFAM. On the contrary, MARCHF1 overexpression exhibited opposite effects. Thus, MARCHF1 is conducive to the progression of breast cancer via promoting the ubiquitylation and degradation of RSET and then the transcription of TFAM. Downregulating MARCHF1 could provide a novel direction for treating breast cancer.
Lithium Demand and Cyclability Trade‐Off in Conductive Nanostructure Scaffolds in Terms of Different Tortuosity Parameters
Authors: Ali Hoseini Seyed , Mohajerzadeh Shams , Sanaee Zeinab
Published: October 2024

Through alteration of the polarity of DC plasma during the growth of carbon nanotubes in a PECVD reactor, significantly different morphologies of such species have been achieved. By using this approach, for the first time, both Half‐aligned and Entangled structures were synthesized, along with Full‐aligned carbon nanotubes, introducing three binder‐free electrodes with various levels of tortuosity. The crucial parameter and influential effect of tortuosity in these three‐dimensional nanostructure scaffolds for application in lithium‐ion batteries were investigated. Previous research findings suggested that increasing the tortuosity of the conductive scaffolds leads to preferential accumulation of lithium at the top surface and causes the loss of capacity in subsequent charge‐discharge cycles. Our finding reveals that there exists a trade‐off between lithium‐demand, capacity, and preferential accumulation of lithium at the top surface. Among the presented scaffolds, the Half‐aligned MWCNTs was able to maintain a high capacity of 876.9 mAh/g over more than 300 cycles, and demonstrate capacity improvement during this period and excellent rate capability, even at a rate of 5 C. This capacity is almost three times that can be achieved with graphite, showcasing promising and outstanding results for carbon nanotubes.
Generation of Murine Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Zhang Cheryl , Lin Anthony , Chen Xiang , Du Yi‐Chieh Nancy
Published: October 2024

Cancer cell lines are important tools to investigate the biology of cancer and test hypotheses to improve cancer treatments. A major challenge in establishing epithelial cancer cell lines is the removal of cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs). CAFs are abundant within the tumor microenvironment. CAFs generally proliferate faster than epithelial cancer cells in culture. CAFs can be mistakenly identified as cancer cells, especially when cancer cells display spindle‐shaped morphology. Among all cancer types, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by an abundant desmoplastic stroma. Here, we describe protocols for establishing epithelial cancer cell lines from mouse models of PDAC and verifying that they are not CAFs. The approach is cost‐effective and can be used for other types of cancer. If needed, CAF cell lines can also be established and preserved using this protocol. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Isolation of cells from tumors

Basic Protocol 2: Isolation and cryopreservation of cancer cell clones

Basic Protocol 3: Assessment of the identity of cancer cell lines and CAFs by western blotting
Defense strategies against sweet potato chlorotic stunt and pakakuy virus coinfection unraveled
Authors: Kiemo Francis Wanjohi , Salamon Pál , Tóth Zoltán , Szabó Zoltán
Published: October 2024

This study into the response of two Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam cultivars, Melinda and Tio Joe, to coinfection with sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus (SPCSV) and sweet potato pakakuy virus (SPPV), employed a comprehensive approach encompassing symptomatology, real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, metagenomics, and transcriptomics. SPCSV is a quarantine virus with synergistic effects, which decimate yields. SPPV is the most prevalent DNA virus in sweet potato germplasm, with a tendency to persist in meristems, posing a significant risk for germplasm transfer between territories. Graft inoculation experiments revealed that while Tio Joe remained asymptomatic for 12 weeks and suppressed virus replication, Melinda displayed symptoms early on and exhibited high virus titers. Metagenomic analyses corroborated these observations and confirmed that SPCSV and SPPV were responsible. Transcriptomic analysis unveiled disparities in gene expression between Melinda and Tio Joe. Differential gene expression was heightened and altered in Melinda as the viruses disrupted its gene expression. Its defense strategies, such as inducing abscisic acid signaling, were insufficient to overcome disruptive viral effects like oxidative stress, rendering it susceptible. In contrast, Tio Joe had relatively stable differential gene expression, indicating resistance to SPPV–SPCSV coinfection. Overexpressed genes such as sirtuin, rapid alkalization factor, and nuclear pore anchor triggered quantitative resistance, supported with enriched organelles such as mitochondrion and pathways such as proteasome and cutin, suberine, and wax biosynthesis. Tio Joe maintained its genome integrity and inhibited viral replication by tightly controlling gene expression and preventing reactive oxygen species accumulation.
Cascaded AC–DC Voltage Control to Provide Reactive Power Support for the PV‐Driven Grid‐Tied Synchronverter
Authors: S Pandey Amarjeet , Kallamadi Manjunath , Shah Krupa
Published: October 2024

The objective of this submission is to provide flexible reactive power regulation of a photovoltaic (PV)‐driven grid‐connected inverter. Here, inverter is realized as a synchronverter by employing frequency regulation using well‐established swing equation. However, reactive power regulation is accomplished by employing combined AC–DC voltage control in addition to traditional synchronverter control for ensuring smooth tracking of reactive power. Thus, the PV‐driven voltage source converter (VSC) will be injecting available active power as per the prevailing irradiation, temperature, and operator defined reactive power by employing proposed control. The performance of suggested control is evaluated and compared against existing control by considering realistic operational scenarios through a case study.
A Direct Conversion Frontend With Bandwidth Extension and Linearity Enhancement for 5G Receivers
Authors: Rahmani Adibeh , Mojarad Mortaza
Published: October 2024

In this paper, a new frontend for 5G receivers is proposed. In the presented work, a new bandwidth enhancement technique for low‐noise transconductance amplifiers and for wireless frontends has been proposed. The proposed frontend achieves low noise figure (NF) by using a noise cancelation scheme in the newly proposed LNTA. The linearity of the frontend is also improved by increasing the DC gain and the bandwidth of the opamp used in the transimpedance amplifier and by exploiting a linearity improvement method for the LNTA. The frontend has been implemented in a standard 0.18 μm CMOS process. The post‐layout simulation results prove the gain of 38 dB with less than 3 dB deviation in the pass‐band over a 6.5 GHz bandwidth. The results also show that NF is less than 8 dB, the worst‐case IIP3 is −2 dBm, the maximum S11 is equal to −9.5 dB while the frontend consumes 9.95 mW DC power from a single 1.8‐V supply, and the occupied area is 0.813 mm2.
Testing the fidelity of zircon as a provenance indicator in fluvial‐fan successions: An example from the Palaeogene Colton Formation, Central Utah, USA
Authors: Carraro Davide , Gaynor Sean P. , Ventra Dario , Ulyanov Alexey , Moscariello Andrea
Published: October 2024

The stratigraphic, spatial and temporal variability of detrital zircon age populations in continental sedimentary successions is a critical tool in understanding palaeodrainage networks and how these systems distributed detritus within sedimentary basins. However, multiple factors, such as variations in sediment‐transport processes, the scale of the depositional environment and the architecture of the sedimentary succession are often overlooked in detrital zircon studies. This article presents detrital zircon U–Pb geochronology from the fluvial‐dominated Colton Formation in the western Uinta Basin (Utah, USA) to assess the system's provenance and evolution. Significant differences in zircon age populations between the Colton Formation and the overlying Green River Formation suggest a reorganisation of the source‐to‐sink system during the transition between the two lithostratigraphic units. Notably, detrital zircon age spectra are not homogeneous across the Colton Formation, therefore physical morphometric parameters were used to verify the possible influence of selective bias during sediment transport. These data reveal that a relatively finer‐grained population of Precambrian, and to a less extent Mesozoic, zircon grains were affected by hydraulic sorting during transport, resulting in a greater relative abundance of older zircon grains in the distal reaches of the distributive fluvial system, whose basinward decrease in competence would have increased the relative proportion of finer zircon fractions in sandstones. Furthermore, there are different trends in the distributions of zircon age populations relative to their stratigraphic position, highlighting the complex architecture of the fluvial palaeo‐fan. The spatial and stratigraphic variability of provenance signals in fluvial‐fan successions must be carefully evaluated to improve the reliability of source‐to‐sink models and palaeodrainage reconstructions, as autogenically controlled noise can be generated during the dispersal of detrital zircon in fluvial sedimentary systems.
Taking Steps Toward a Consensus on Night Eating Syndrome Diagnostic Criteria
Authors: Weissman Ruth Striegel , Martin‐Wagar Caitlin A. , Attaway Sarah , Penwell Taylor , Hogan Ava , Pruscino Isabella
Published: October 2024

Background

Night eating syndrome (NES) is included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, 5th edition, as an example of “Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorders” with minimal guidance about how to define and operationalize NES. The literature suggests that research practices vary widely, making it difficult to draw conclusions about the public health burden of, effective interventions for, or policy implications relevant to NES. This Forum article seeks to illustrate the lack of definitional agreement to underscore the need for a consensus about NES diagnostic criteria, and to propose steps toward closing knowledge gaps and achieving consensus.

Method

We searched PubMed and PsycINFO titles and abstracts, using “NES” as the search term, for research articles published in English between January 1, 2013 to August 12, 2024 with sample sizes of NES > 10 and ages 18 or older. Eligible articles were coded for NES definitions and assessment method used to diagnose participants with NES and for information about comorbidity of NES and any other eating disorder (ED).

Results

Seventy‐three articles met inclusion criteria. Most commonly, NES was diagnosed using a diagnostic criteria set (35/73) or a symptom score threshold (34/73); among the former, only eight studies employed DSM‐5 NES criteria. Thirteen studies, varying widely in methodology, examined comorbidity with other EDs, most commonly binge‐eating disorder where comorbidity was high.

Conclusion

Heterogeneity of definitions and assessment impede progress in the study of NES. We propose strategies for developing a consensus definition and addressing research gaps.
Andrographolide Encapsulation in Metal‐Organic Frameworks (MOFs) via Solvent‐Free Process at High Pressure
Authors: Pantoja‐Romero Wenndy , Aysa‐Martínez Yolanda , Lavín‐Flores Alexis , Medina‐Berrios Nataniel , Bayro Marvin J. , Morell Gerardo , Weiner Brad R. , Coronas Joaquín
Published: October 2024

Andrographolide (ADG) encapsulation was carried out on MOFs MIL‐53(Al) and ZIF‐8 by high‐pressure (0.3 GPa) contact. This methodology is not only environment‐friendly but also energy/time‐saving and gives rise to ADG‐MOFs with physical features equivalent to those of materials obtained by common liquid phase encapsulation. The loaded MOFs were characterized through TEM, SEM, XRD, TGA, FT‐IR, BET, and NMR. The observed decrease in the intensity of ADG XRD peaks is due to the adsorption of ADG into the MOFs. TGA showed the decomposition step of ADG in the range of 200–300 °C in both loaded MOFs. FT‐IR also showed intense signals of the ADG in the synthesized materials. The dissolution profile of ADG in MIL‐53(Al) in PBS (pH=7.4) was carried out showing that the drug was released up to 96 % after 75 h. Solid‐state NMR confirmed the interactions between ADG molecules and ZIF‐8 groups and the formation of a hydrogen bond between the carboxylic group of ADG and the hydroxyl group of MIL‐53(Al). Coefficient partition studies determined that both MOFs did not improve the hydrophilicity of the ADG, due to the loading of the drug preferably occurring by interactions in the hydrophobic areas within the pores of the MOFs.
A Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Inverted Wings Modifications on the Stability and Aerodynamic Performance of a Sedan Car at Cornering
Authors: Abood Mustafa Sabeeh , Hussain IhsanYahya , Ali Anmar Hamid
Published: October 2024

This research examines the impact of cornering on the aerodynamic forces and stability of a Nissan Versa (Almera) passenger sedan car by introducing novel modifications. These modifications included single inverted wings with end plates as a front spoiler, double‐element inverted wings with end plates as a rear spoiler, and incorporating the ground as a diffuser under the car trunk. The goal is to enhance the performance and stability of conventional passenger cars. To ensure the accuracy of the numerical data, the study utilized multiple methodologies to model the turbulence model, ultimately selecting the most suitable option. This involved comparing numerical data with wind tunnel experimental data using force balance and pressure distribution. Once validated, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was employed to analyze the vehicle's aerodynamic performance relative to the straight‐line condition under cornering conditions. The car simulation in a cornering condition was conducted at a representative Reynolds number based on the vehicle length of about 1.3 × 107. The study discovered that asymmetry was a recurring theme regarding surface pressure distribution, with greater prominence under cornering conditions. All modified models exhibited a more favorable lift‐to‐drag ratio than the baseline, indicating improved aerodynamic efficiency. The underbody double‐element diffuser proved most effective for enhancing fuel efficiency and stability. Mesh refinement with a polyhedral algorithm consisting of 11.27 million elements and a computational domain with a frontal area of 91.8 m2 and a curved length of 31 m (˜7 times car length) was crucial for achieving accurate and repeatable results. The study employed multiple turbulence models within the CFD framework. The realizable k‐ε model was chosen due to its balance between accuracy and computational cost for all Nissan Versa models. These findings are limited to the selected parameters and wind tunnel conditions, and further investigations might be needed for extreme driving scenarios.