bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parental support, marital conflict, and stress as predictors of depressive symptoms among African American adolescents
Authors: Lawrence Timothy I
Published: February 2022

Given the increase of depressive symptoms among adolescents, it is essential to investigate familial and temperamental correlates of depressive symptoms such as parental support, marital conflict, and stress. Thus, using a cross-sectional design, the current study examined whether parental support, marital conflict, and stress predicted depressive symptoms. Then, using structural equation modeling, this study tested whether stress mediated the relationships among parental support, marital conflict, and depressive symptoms among African American adolescents while controlling for sex ( N = 883). Results suggest that maternal support negatively related to depressive symptoms in contrast to stress and marital conflict. However, paternal support and sex were not statistically associated with depressive symptoms. Mediation results suggest that stress explained the relationships among parental support, marital conflict, and depressive symptoms. Family therapy and depression reduction implications are discussed.
The contagion of mental illness: Insights from a Sufi shrine
Authors: Singh Bhrigupati , Sharan Pratap
Published: February 2022

In this article, an anthropologist and a psychiatrist examine a Sufi shrine-based concept of affliction known as asrat (an “effect” in Hindi-Urdu, “difficulty” in Arabic) and related practices of healing in urban north India. Rather than being located in an individual body, asrat afflictions are shared, most often within a household or kinship group. Through surveys, clinical assessments, and ethnographic work, we track three different ways in which afflictions move between bodies, and the mechanisms at work in asrat healing processes. Rather than a “collectivist” concept of the psyche, we suggest that a key role of shrine-based therapeutic processes is to manage a “suspicion system,” related to experiences of psychic and economic injuries and conflict between intimates and kin. Through a multi-sited research design that moves across a leading Sufi shrine, an urban poor neighborhood in Delhi, and one of India's leading psychiatric facilities, we argue that within asrat-related processes, psychic vulnerabilities are addressed by “re-combining” relations through forms of inter-subjective attunement within a smaller segment of the kin group, potentially making symptoms and the burden of care and conflict more livable. We suggest that shrine-based concepts and practices may be cross-culturally significant, even for secular understandings of the inter-subjective dimensions of mental illness.
Evaluating the overall comfort of undergraduates by using the punishment substitution method
Authors: Liu Hongmin , Shi Hao
Published: February 2022

In this paper, the overall comfort of humans in thermal, light, acoustic and air quality environments was studied in a university classroom in Shanghai, and the actual overall comfort vote index was evaluated. The dimensionless function of each environmental evaluation index and human comfort level was established by a combination of subjective questionnaire assessment and objective parameter measurement, and the weight of each environmental evaluation index was obtained by the method of vector similarity. The overall comfort evaluation model was synthesized by using the punishment substitution method, dimensionless function and weight. The influence of different environmental combinations on the overall comfort evaluation model was explored, and the results indicated that the more a single evaluation index deviated from its comfort zone, the more obvious the change it caused in comprehensive comfort. The model can be used to adjust classroom environmental parameters to improve comprehensive comfort, and the results should provide a reference for evaluating the overall comfort of the classroom environment and a reasonable basis for classroom environment design parameters.
Comparison of modified rapid deployment hemostat dressing with standard haemostat as part of standardized perihepatic packing for major liver trauma in a level 1 trauma center
Authors: Iadarola Roberta , Di Saverio Salomone , Chiarini Valentina , Kwan Sherman , Gori Alice , Coniglio Carlo , Tugnoli Gregorio
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Uncontrolled hemorrhage is a major cause of mortality in surgery and trauma. Damage control surgery (DCS) is essential in the management of these cases. The use of topical hemostatic agents has increased over the last two decades with the evolution of DCS and trauma-induced coagulopathy. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of standard perihepatic packing with the addition of either a MRDH (modified rapid deployment hemostat) or a non-MRDH hemostatic dressing.

Methods

This was a retrospective, comparative analysis of prospectively collected data held in the registry of a level I trauma center in Bologna, Italy, between 2005 and 2019. 33 patients with grade IV/V liver injuries who underwent a standardized perihepatic packing with hemostatic dressings were enrolled in the study. The study group included 21 patients treated with standard packing plus MRDH. The control group included 12 patients treated with standard packing plus a combination of fibrillar absorbable hemostat and human fibrin sealant.

Results

The two groups were homogeneous in terms of age and American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) grade although the MRDH one seemed to have more severe injury: hemodynamic instability was present in 95% of MRDH patients vs. 83% in the control group. Also, Injury Severity Score (ISS) and New Injury Severity Score (NISS) were 41 vs 35.5 and 47 vs 39.1, respectively. The incidence of re-bleeding requiring repacking at the second-look laparotomy was 4.7% in MRDH patients vs. 16.7% in non-MRDH patients ( p = .5, OR = 4). The overall complication rate was of 23% after the introduction of MRDH vs. 81% in the control group.

Conclusion

Despite the potential effectiveness of MRDH, this study does not seem to confirm a significant superiority of this hemostat over the standard.
Ethical challenges in participatory action research: Experiences and insights from an arts-based study in the pacific
Authors: Heard Emma
Published: February 2022

Approaches to participatory action research present unique and nuanced ethical challenges, particularly when working in culturally diverse contexts and with marginalised groups. There is a paucity of literature that considers researchers’ experiences of ethical challenges and a need to enhance this knowledge to alert researchers to potential concerns, and to develop dialogue around ways to strengthen approaches to ethical challenges. This article contributes to the budding international dialogue regarding ethical challenges in participatory action research. This article outlines key ethical challenges I faced, as an Australian (outsider) researcher, conducting a participatory action research study with young people in Samoa. Discussions provide insights and considerations for participatory researchers, as well as procedural ethics committees and funding bodies, working in the Pacific region and more widely. This article encourages exploratory thinking around approaches to mitigating potential complex ethical challenges when using participatory action approaches to qualitative research in culturally diverse contexts, including through consideration of innovative and arts-based methods that are appropriate and familiar within a community and can upset power imbalances between researchers and participants.
Less than net zero: Redirecting capitalist fantasies through fetishistic reversal
Authors: Coffin Jack
Published: February 2022

Inspired by the work of Slavoj Žižek, critical marketing theorists have identified how ideological fantasies support the capitalist status quo by operating as unconscious fetishes that are difficult to dispel. While these studies suggest that fetishisation is a formidable challenge to critical thought and activism, this think piece considers how fetishistic reversal may provide a means to redirect the ideological fantasies of capitalism towards more critical ends. This line of thinking is pieced together by drawing Žižekean theories alongside the topical example of Net Zero. It is argued that Net Zero is not a politically-neutral target but rather an ideological fantasy that can be interrogated for fetishistic disavowals, inversions and ticklishness. However, it is added that renouncing Net Zero as an ideological fantasy is likely to be unproductive, or even counter-productive. Instead, critical marketing scholars should proceed by reversing fetishistic effects. Developing Žižek’s notion of Less Than Nothing, it is suggested that Net Zero should be transposed with the more radical target of Less Than Net Zero. This piece concludes by thinking about the application of fetishistic reversal to other socioecological issues in order to push critical marketing theory further towards a more optimistic horizon.
Determining the optimal method to upgrade shipyard infrastructures for overhaul of offshore drilling rigs using genetic algorithm: A case study for ISOICO
Authors: Motamed Pantea , Sardroud Javad Majrouhi
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this research is to select the optimal combination of infrastructure and equipment to upgrade a shipbuilding yard to repair offshore drilling rigs considering installation time and cost of the equipment needed and the overhaul cost and time of a rig. These four components constitute a four-objective problem. To solve this problem, a list of main equipment with various capacities and installation costs was developed. Then the cost and time of overhaul of drilling rigs, as well as the installation time of equipment were extracted using the Delphi method. Finally, the SPEA2 algorithm was employed to analyze the data. An optimal Pareto combination of equipment was obtained at a cost of $242.6 million, which can be provided in a maximum period of 200 months. The findings suggest the optimum way to equip shipyards for the overhaul of drilling rigs based on time and cost optimization for both rig and yard owners.
1D-CNN-based damage identification method based on piezoelectric impedance using adjustable inductive shunt circuitry for data enrichment
Authors: Zhang Xin , Wang Hui , Hou Borui , Xu Jiawen , Yan Ruqiang
Published: February 2022

The electromechanical impedance (EMI)-based damage identification method is a non-destructive testing approach in the field of structural health monitoring. The frequency response function (FRF) of EMI can effectively reveal the health conditions of a structure. Typically, the health condition is identified by comparing the FRF of a structure to that of a baseline. However, baselines may exhibit unpredictable shifts in real applications. In this study, a new EMI-based health identification method is proposed without reference to baselines or handcrafted features. An adjustable inductive shunt circuit that can enrich the EMI dataset is connected to a piezoelectric transducer. Pre-set damage, including bolt looseness and mass variations, are selected to demonstrate damage identification. The FRFs are extracted using a phase-sensitive detection algorithm. The damage identification model is realized using a one-dimensional convolutional neural network. Experimental results show that the proposed method can identify the location of bolt loosening and mass variation with an overall accuracy of 99.24%. The proposed method can be applied for identifying the health conditions of a structure with strong nonlinearity.
Reinvestigating the Sexual Violence “Justice Gap” in the Swedish Criminal Justice System: Victim-Centered Alternatives to the Criminal Trial
Authors: Carroll Caitlin P.
Published: February 2022

The high rate of attrition in the processing of sexual violence cases within the criminal justice system has been framed as a “justice gap,” an institutional failure to get justice for victim-survivors. In this article, I analyze the processing of rape cases in the Swedish criminal justice system, one with a particularly high attrition rate. Drawing upon interviews with criminal justice professionals, I illuminate the inadequacy of the justice gap as a measure of victim-centered justice. Through policy reforms, the Swedish criminal justice system has instituted victim-centered practices that offer victim-survivors alternative forms of justice without increasing the prosecution rate.
Effects of Premixing Betamethasone and Lidocaine on Chondrocyte Inflammation in an In Vitro Model
Authors: Sayegh Michael J. , Pinpin Camille , Larsen Christopher G. , Neufeld Eric V. , Intravia Jessica M. , Nellans Kate W. , Lane Lewis B. , Grande Daniel
Published: February 2022

Background:

It is common practice for hand surgeons to premix corticosteroids with a local anesthetic and store the mixture in pre-loaded syringes for rapid use during clinic. However, any possible loss of efficacy with this practice has never been studied. The purpose of this study, therefore, is to determine whether premixing betamethasone sodium phosphate/betamethasone acetate (BSP) and lidocaine (L) at different time intervals from injection has diminishing anti-inflammatory effects on chondrocytes in vitro.

Methods:

Human articular chondrocytes were partitioned into six groups: two controls and four experimental conditions. The negative control had growth media only. The positive control had growth media and inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β and oncostatin M). Experimental conditions were additionally treated with BSP alone or BSP mixed with lidocaine (BSP + L) at the time of treatment (0 hours), or at 4 or 24 hours prior. Relative expressions of inflammatory genes were measured.

Results:

Relative to the positive control, chondrocytes in all experimental conditions decreased expression of TNF-α, MMP-3, and ADAMTS-4. Chondrocytes exposed to BSP only or BSP + L at 4 hours or 24 hours prior to treatment decreased expression of IL-8. Chondrocytes exposed to BSP only or BSP + L at 0 hours or 4 hours prior to treatment decreased expression of MMP-1. There were no significant differences in expression of IL-6 or MMP-13.

Conclusions:

Treatment with BSP + L prepared in pre-loaded syringes at varying time intervals up to 24 hours prior to injection does not significantly impact the ability of the mixture to reduce expression of certain key inflammatory mediators in vitro.
External Physical and Technical Influences on Medical Devices for Diabetes Therapy
Authors: Thomas Andreas , Heinemann Lutz
Published: February 2022

Home and work situations can expose diabetes medical devices to a number of environmental factors that may influence their function and safety. In accordance with regulatory requirements, manufacturing companies take great care in the construction and design of their products so that environmental factors encountered on a daily basis have as little influence as possible. However, more intense environmental conditions, such as undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), require patients to remove personal electronic medical devices beforehand. During product development, manufacturers thoroughly investigate how various environmental factors may impact a new medical device. Corresponding operational documents and manufacturer guarantees accompany each device. Similarly, manufacturers investigate any adverse interactions that may occur during communications between medical devices, such as those required with another product, smartphone, or another personal medical device, such as a pacemaker. Questions that arise from patients or medical professionals about a medical device’s safety or quality, particularly because of environmental factors, are made to the manufacturer. Manufacturers then often refer to the operating instructions, even though these contain information, such as electromagnetic compatibility, that are difficult to understand for people lacking special technical or physical knowledge. This review highlights the effects of various physical and technical influences on medical devices used in diabetes therapy.
Double tap, double trouble: Instagram, teachers, and profit
Authors: Davis Summer , Yi Joanne
Published: February 2022

This qualitative study explores the performance of teacher agency amidst national financial and professional deficits in education and sheds light on the growing utilization of Instagram in elementary school contexts. To better understand teachers’ use of this social media platform, we examined the Instagram accounts of 12 highly popular and influential pre-K–6 teachers (i.e., teacher influencers). Data sources comprised over 600 visual and textual posts, which included images, captions, hashtags, and emojis, produced over 3 months in the spring of 2019. Using qualitative coding procedures that were recursive and emphasized the emergent nature of interpretation through a critical literacies framework, we documented the neoliberal teachers’ use of Instagram as a method of participation in a virtual community of practice and as a way to produce, commodify, and possibly profit from posts presented as curricula. Findings suggest that teacher influencers primarily used Instagram as a form of commodification and commerce, as educational content was promoted to users as well as methods of purchase via personal websites, Teachers Pay Teachers and other digital stores. Overall, the teacher influencers’ Instagram use revealed a convergence of complex and multiple discourses involving curriculum, racialized and/or gendered identities, and neoliberal production.
Geographies of ruralization
Authors: Gillen Jamie , Bunnell Tim , Rigg Jonathan
Published: February 2022

This paper proposes ‘ruralization’ as a concept that human geographers are well placed to develop across the rural-urban geography divide and in dialogue with scholars in cognate fields. We understand ruralization as the processual, more-than-residual, and geographically-variegated socio-spatial dynamics of contemporary human engagements with rural land, livelihoods, and lifestyles. Our approach comprises three prominent dynamics of ruralization experienced through residents’ entanglements with rural and urban Southeast Asia: in situ ruralization, extended ruralization, and rural returns. We argue in favor of a rural-urban relationality rather than urban-centered socio-spatial transformation and urge geographers to take seriously the lives and geographies of people in the Global South whose perspectives on urbanization are entangled with ongoing rural dynamics. Our contribution is intended as a corrective to notions of the urbanization of everywhere in a zero-sum relationship with a residual rural, and as a way of demonstrating the importance of human geographical experiences to wider debates, concerns, and conversations.
Role of circulating tumor DNA and circulating tumor cells in breast cancer: History and updates
Authors: Chedid Julien , Allam Sabine , Chamseddine Nathalie , Bou Zerdan Maroun , El Nakib Clara , Assi Hazem I
Published: February 2022

Circulating tumor DNA, cell-free DNA, and circulating tumor cells have been at the epitome of recent research in breast cancer. These forms of liquid biopsies have been used in monitoring disease progression, estimating the risk of relapse, and response to treatment. Much has been done in relation to serial monitoring of circulating tumor DNA in patients with primary breast cancer for detection of occult metastatic disease. Some studies have also explored their use in monitoring treatment response. As the field of liquid biopsies expands, more prospective studies are needed to tailor management in an individualistic approach. In this literature review, the authors explore the multiple uses of circulating tumor DNA and circulating tumor cells in breast cancer.
Smartphone English Language Learning Challenges: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Metruk Rastislav
Published: February 2022

Innovations and advancements in modern technologies have induced changes in every sphere of human activity, including education. Smartphones represent modern, state-of-the-art gadgets which aim at fostering the teaching and learning process of EFL (English as a foreign language) learners. Students may experience and enjoy considerable benefits of these smart devices such as ubiquity, portability, around the clock availability, or numerous technological features. Despite offering overwhelming advantages to language learners, both students and teachers need to take into account challenges they often meet and face. Being in its infancy, this phenomenon appears to be underexplored since majority of studies focus on benefits of mobile learning rather than on challenges. Concentrating on pitfalls, this review article attempts to examine original, peer-reviewed research articles written on smartphone English language learning challenges by reviewing pertinent articles in the two acknowledged databases, Scopus and Web of Science. The research results reveal that the reviewed studies contain identified drawbacks to varying degrees, while approximately one third of articles did not present any challenges. The detected pitfalls, such as smaller dimensions of smartphones, Internet connectivity issues, readiness level of both practitioners and learners, or unbalanced development of the four language skills (listening, reading, writing, speaking), are further addressed and discussed, followed by suggesting the possible solutions to these issues. Finally, it is emphasized that further research needs to be conducted in this regard to shed more light on challenges that both students and practitioners need to tackle.
Behind Bars But Not Sentenced: The Role of Computerized Central Repository in Addressing Awaiting-Trial Problems in Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Authors: Ajah Benjamin Okorie , Chinweze Uzochukwu Chukwuka , Ajah Ifeyinwa Angela , Onyejegbu Dominic Chukwuemeka , Obiwulu Aloysius C. , Onwuama Emeka M. , Okpa John Thompson
Published: February 2022

Quick dispensation of justice is necessary for every democratic society to succeed. It is encouraging to see studies, concerns and active agitations from people on the promotion of quick justice in Nigeria. Unfortunately, these studies and agitations have not yielded any concrete results. This article examines how a computerized central repository system can address awaiting-trial problems in Ebonyi State. Utilizing quantitative and qualitative approaches of research, a sample of 1,498 respondents were drawn from Ebonyi State. Purposive and multi-stage sampling techniques were used to reach the respondents. Questionnaires and in-depth interviews served as instruments for data collection. After the administration of instruments, data were sorted, coded, and analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square, Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient, and multiple linear regressions. Findings confirmed that while there is an uptick of awaiting-trial problems in Nigeria, there are no meaningful provisions to address it despite the fact that provisions exist within the Nigerian legal framework. Regression analysis revealed the Information and Computer Technology (ICT) method facilitates pretrial detention and brings it to quick conclusion as against the manual method. Based on the findings, the study calls for the creation of a computerized platform to automate all the Criminal Justice bureaucratic processes and make them faster through a centrally based computerized centrally repository system that is accessible to all agencies involved in Criminal Justice administration.
Bibliometric Analysis of Global Research on Organizational Citizenship Behavior From 2000 to 2019
Authors: Guiling Yue , Panatik Siti Aisyah , Sukor Mohammad Saipol Mohd , Rusbadrol Noraini , Cunlin Li
Published: February 2022

Over the last two decades, researchers have put significant efforts into exploring knowledge in the area of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). This study aimed to investigate the global research trends in the OCB field based on publication outputs. The analysis focused on the top authors, journals, institutions, and countries. Using the Scopus database, a total of 4,324 publications from 2000 to 2019 were retrieved. A series of bibliometric indicators such as h-index, citations, and productivity were used to conduct the performance analysis. Moreover, the VOS viewer was employed to visualize the scientific landscapes. The graphical analysis used bibliographic co-authorship coupling among affiliated countries and author keywords from the bibliographic coupling of co-occurrence. The result indicated that there had been a dramatically increasing trend of study on OCB. In addition, the United States ranked first in terms of production, journals, citation impact, co-authorship, institutions, and authors in this subject. Furthermore, OCB has mainly been associated with the topics of job satisfaction and leadership. Apart from that, some other themes linked with OCB in recent studies were also found out. Our research plays an informative and complementary role as it provided most of the key aspects of OCB.
Effects of Group-delivered Stress-reduction Guided Imagery on Salivary Cortisol, Salivary Amylase, and Stress Mood in Urban, Predominantly Latino Adolescents
Authors: Weigensberg Marc J. , Wen Cheng K. Fred , Spruijt-Metz Donna , Lane Christianne Joy
Published: February 2022

Objectives

To determine acute effects of stress-reduction guided imagery delivered in group format on stress biomarkers salivary cortisol and salivary amylase, and on self-reported stress mood, in healthy, predominantly Latino adolescents.

Study Design

111 adolescent participants (94% Latino), a subset from a large, randomized controlled lifestyle intervention to improve obesity-related health behaviors, received either 4 weekly lifestyle education sessions (Lifestyle group; LS) or the same weekly lifestyle education sessions plus an additional weekly stress-reduction guided imagery session delivered in group format (Guided imagery group; GI). Salivary cortisol, salivary amylase, and self-reported stress moods were assessed before and after sessions on intervention weeks 3 and 4. Statistics: Linear mixed effects models examined within- and between-session and group differences in pre- to post-session changes.

Results

Both groups showed decreases in salivary cortisol, 5% decrease in LS group and 32% in GI group (within-group differences all P < .05), with between-group difference in salivary cortisol of moderate size ( P = .05; Cohen’s d = .44). Within the GI group alone, salivary cortisol decrease was similar following either the lifestyle or GI sessions ( P = .64). There were no statistically significant amylase changes within or between groups. All 5 individual stress moods declined by 27% to 46% in the GI group (all P < .05), while only 1 of the 5 declined in LS group.

Conclusions

Group stress-reduction guided imagery reduces the stress biomarker salivary cortisol, as well as reducing subjective stress mood states, making it a viable modality for large scale stress-reduction interventions.
Psychedelic Psychotherapy: Building Wholeness Through Connection
Authors: Vaid Gita , Walker Barry
Published: February 2022

Background

We are confronted with dire statistics that document our current mental health crisis. New treatment modalities are desperately needed to address escalating mental suffering and trauma. Psychedelic medicines are attracting increased attention in psychiatry as effective treatment for a range of conditions. The mechanisms of actions and context necessary to maximize their full healing potential represent a radical departure from current psychiatric frameworks and present an opportunity to reimagine psychiatry as a healing art.

Objective

Psychedelic psychotherapy leverages biological, psychological, and spiritual domains to harness innate healing potentials. A novel psychotherapeutic methodology utilizing psychedelic medicines as catalyzing agents is presented, one that provides a developmental model to promotes self-actualization. The paper outlines transformational psychotherapy, the therapeutic process and corresponding practice implications.

Conclusion

Psychedelic psychotherapy represents a paradigm shift in healing, one that promotes self-integration and whole health. These shifts in internal health are correspondingly reflected in enhanced empathy, improved relatedness, and increased capacity for social connection. Much of human suffering and disregard for the planet is a reflection of our own collective inner impoverishment, fundamental disconnects, and unaddressed trauma. Psychedelic psychotherapy offers a healing approach to restore beauty and health to both the inner and outer worlds we inhabit.
Hand-Grip Strength and Return to Heavy Manual Work at a Mean 5-Year Follow-up After Arthroscopic Release of Recalcitrant Lateral Epicondylitis
Authors: Fahmy Fahmy Samir , ElAttar Mohamed , Salem Hossam Fathi
Published: February 2022

Background:

Lateral epicondylitis of the elbow is a common degenerative disorder in middle-aged patients. Surgery is reserved for patients who do not respond to nonoperative treatment.

Purpose:

To evaluate hand-grip strength and return to heavy manual activities in patients engaged in work requiring heavy lifting after arthroscopic release of refractory lateral epicondylitis.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

The study included consecutive patients who underwent arthroscopic release of the extensor carpi radialis brevis tendon to treat recalcitrant lateral epicondylitis of the elbow, with a minimum 48-month follow-up. Functional outcome measures included assessment of hand-grip strength, visual analog scale for pain, and Mayo elbow performance score. The recorded measurements were compared at postoperative 1 and 6 months and the final assessment. Pre- and postoperative data were compared using the paired t test, and the various postoperative assessments were compared using 1-way analysis of variance.

Results:

A total of 22 patients (mean ± SD; age, 34.6 ± 5.9 years) with a mean follow-up of 60.5 ± 4.7 months were included in our study. There were highly significant improvements between preoperative and 1-month postoperative results regarding hand-grip strength (17.5 ± 4.1 kg to 34.4 ± 6.8 kg), visual analog scale score for pain (7.86 ± 1.2 to 1.8 ± 1.09), and Mayo score (57.1 ± 7.9 to 89.3 ± 4.9; P < .00001 for all). Significant improvements were found on all 3 functional measures between 1 and 6 months postoperatively ( P ≤ .05 was statistically significant), and there were nonsignificant improvements on all measures from 6-month to final follow-up. The patients regained 96.4% of their hand strength as compared with the unaffected side and returned to their previous activities without reporting serious complications.

Conclusion:

Minimally invasive arthroscopic release of recalcitrant lateral epicondylitis of the elbow provided a satisfactory functional result, as shown by regaining of hand-grip strength in patients engaged in heavy manual occupations without significant morbidities.
Bilingual Language Development in Infancy: What Can We Do to Support Bilingual Families?
Authors: Fibla Laia , Kosie Jessica E. , Kircher Ruth , Lew-Williams Casey , Byers-Heinlein Krista
Published: February 2022

Many infants and children around the world grow up exposed to two or more languages. Their success in learning each of their languages is a direct consequence of the quantity and quality of their everyday language experience, including at home, in daycare and preschools, and in the broader community context. Here, we discuss how research on early language learning can inform policies that promote successful bilingual development across the varied contexts in which infants and children live and learn. Throughout our discussions, we highlight that each individual child's experience is unique. In fact, it seems that there are as many ways to grow up bilingual as there are bilingual children. To promote successful bilingual development, we need policies that acknowledge this variability and support frequent exposure to high-quality experience in each of a child's languages.
Analysis and modelling of mistriage in the Stockholm stroke triage system
Authors: Keselman Boris , Berglund Annika , Ahmed Niaz , Grannas David , von Euler Mia , Holmin Staffan , Laska Ann-Charlotte , Mathé Jan M. , Sjöstrand Christina , Eriksson Einar E. , Mazya Michael V.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The Stockholm Stroke Triage System (SSTS) is a prehospital triage system for detection of patients eligible for endovascular thrombectomy (EVT). Assessment of hemiparesis combined with ambulance-hospital teleconsultation is used to route patients directly to the thrombectomy centre. Some patients are not identified and require secondary transport for EVT (undertriage) while others taken to the thrombectomy centre do not undergo EVT (overtriage). The aims of this study were to characterize mistriaged patients, model for and evaluate alternative triage algorithms.

Patients and methods

Patients with suspected stroke transported by priority 1 ground ambulance between October 2017 and October 2018 (n = 2905) were included. Three triage algorithms were modelled using prehospital data. Decision curve analysis was performed to calculate net benefit (correctly routing patients for EVT without increasing mistriage) of alternative models vs SSTS.

Results

Undertriage for EVT occurred in n = 35/2582 (1.4%) and overtriage in n = 239/323 (74.0%). Compared to correct thrombectomy triages, undertriaged patients were younger and had lower median NIHSS (10 vs 18), despite 62.9% with an M1 occlusion. In overtriaged patients, 77.0% had a stroke diagnosis (29.7% haemorrhagic). Hemiparesis and FAST items face and speech were included in all models. Decision curve analysis showed highest net benefit for SSTS for EVT, but lower for large artery occlusion (LAO) stroke.

Discussion

Undertriaged patients had lower NIHSS, likely due to better compensated proximal occlusions. SSTS was superior to other models for identifying EVT candidates, but lacked information allowing comparison to other prehospital scales.

Conclusion

Using prehospital data, alternative models did not outperform the SSTS in finding EVT candidates.
No evidence for trait- and state-level urgency moderating the daily association between negative affect and subsequent alcohol use in two college samples
Authors: Dora Jonas , Schultz Megan E. , Shoda Yuichi , Lee Christine M. , King Kevin M.
Published: February 2022

It remains unclear whether the negative reinforcement pathway to problematic drinking exists, and if so, for whom. One idea that has received some support recently is that people who tend to act impulsively in response to negative emotions (i.e. people high in negative urgency) may specifically respond to negative affect with increased alcohol consumption. We tested this idea in a preregistered secondary data analysis of two ecological momentary assessment studies using college samples. Participants ( N = 226) reported on their current affective state multiple times per day and also the following morning reported alcohol use of the previous night. We assessed urgency both at baseline and during the momentary affect assessments. Results from our Bayesian model comparison procedure, which penalises increasing model complexity, indicate that no combination of the variables of interest (negative affect, urgency, and the respective interactions) outperformed a baseline model that included two known demographic predictors of alcohol use. A non-preregistered exploratory analysis provided some evidence for the effect of daily positive affect, positive urgency, as well as their interaction on subsequent alcohol use. Taken together, our results suggest that college students’ drinking may be better described by a positive rather than negative reinforcement cycle.
Effectiveness of sexual offender treatment and reintegration programs: Does program composition and sequencing matter?
Authors: McKillop Nadine , Hine Lorelei , Rayment-McHugh Susan , Prenzler Tim , Christensen Larissa S , Belton Emma
Published: February 2022

Using administrative data obtained from Queensland Corrective Services, we investigated the composition and sequencing of sex offender treatment and reintegration programs on recidivism outcomes. Outcomes were compared over an average of 4.8 years (SD = 29.20 months; range = 15 days to 9.25 years) on 2,407 adult males convicted of sexual offences and discharged from custody between 2010 and 2017. Controlling for risk, age, treatment location, and cultural heritage, those who completed a combination of preparatory programs, rehabilitation and reintegration programs were less likely to reoffend and had significantly better survival rates when they did reoffend, compared to those who did not complete—or partially completed—programs. However, reintegration programs, regardless of involvement with other correctional programming, also demonstrated success in reducing short-term recidivism. Combined, these findings indicate that the composition and sequencing of correctional programming likely plays an important role in enhancing outcomes and that engagement in reintegration programs post-incarceration may be pivotal to improving the outcomes for men convicted of sexual offences. Such sequencing, and program composition, warrants further investigation.
SAR442085, a novel anti-CD38 antibody with enhanced antitumor activity against multiple myeloma
Authors: Kassem Sahar , Diallo Béré K. , El-Murr Nizar , Carrié Nadège , Tang Alexandre , Fournier Alain , Bonnevaux Hélène , Nicolazzi Céline , Cuisinier Marine , Arnould Isabelle , Sidhu Sukhvinder S. , Corre Jill , Avet-Loiseau Hervé , Teillaud Jean-Luc , van de Velde Helgi , Wiederschain Dmitri , Chiron Marielle , Martinet Ludovic , Virone-Oddos Angela
Published: February 2022

Anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) represent a breakthrough in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), yet some patients fail to respond or progress quickly with this therapy, highlighting the need for novel approaches. In this study we compared the preclinical efficacy of SAR442085, a next-generation anti-CD38 mAb with enhanced affinity for activating Fcγ receptors (FcγR), with first-generation anti-CD38 mAb daratumumab and isatuximab. In surface plasmon resonance and cellular binding assays, we found that SAR442085 had higher binding affinity than daratumumab and isatuximab for FcγRIIa (CD32a) and FcγRIIIa (CD16a). SAR442085 also exhibited better in vitro antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against a panel of MM cells expressing variable CD38 receptor densities including MM patients’ primary plasma cells. The enhanced ADCC of SAR442085 was confirmed using NK-92 cells bearing low and high affinity FcγRIIIa (CD16a)-158F/V variants. Using MM patients’ primary bone marrow cells, we confirmed that SAR442085 had an increased ability to engage FcγRIIIa, resulting in higher natural killer (NK) cell activation and degranulation against primary plasma cells than preexisting Fc wild-type anti-CD38 mAbs. Finally, using huFcgR transgenic mice that express human Fcγ receptors under the control of their human regulatory elements, we demonstrated that SAR442085 had higher NK cell-dependent in vivo antitumor efficacy and better survival than daratumumab and isatuximab against EL4 thymoma or VK*MYC myeloma cells overexpressing human CD38. These results highlight the preclinical efficacy of SAR442085 and support the current evaluation of this next-generation anti-CD38 antibody in phase I clinical development in patients with relapsed/refractory MM.
Differentiating COPD and asthma using quantitative CT imaging and machine learning
Authors: Moslemi Amir , Kontogianni Konstantina , Brock Judith , Wood Susan , Herth Felix , Kirby Miranda
Published: February 2022

Background

There are similarities and differences between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma patients in terms of computed tomography (CT) disease-related features. Our objective was to determine the optimal subset of CT imaging features for differentiating COPD and asthma using machine learning.

Methods

COPD and asthma patients were recruited from Heidelberg University Hospital (Heidelberg, Germany). CT was acquired and 93 features were extracted: percentage of low-attenuating area below −950 HU (LAA950), low-attenuation cluster (LAC) total hole count, estimated airway wall thickness for an idealised airway with an internal perimeter of 10 mm (Pi10), total airway count (TAC), as well as airway inner/outer perimeters/areas and wall thickness for each of five segmental airways, and the average of those five airways. Hybrid feature selection was used to select the optimum number of features, and support vector machine learning was used to classify COPD and asthma.

Results

95 participants were included (n=48 COPD and n=47 asthma); there were no differences between COPD and asthma for age (p=0.25) or forced expiratory volume in 1 s (p=0.31). In a model including all CT features, the accuracy and F1 score were 80% and 81%, respectively. The top features were: LAA950, outer airway perimeter, inner airway perimeter, TAC, outer airway area RB1, inner airway area RB1 and LAC total hole count. In the model with only CT airway features, the accuracy and F1 score were 66% and 68%, respectively. The top features were: inner airway area RB1, outer airway area LB1, outer airway perimeter, inner airway perimeter, Pi10, TAC, airway wall thickness RB1 and TAC LB10.

Conclusion

COPD and asthma can be differentiated using machine learning with moderate-to-high accuracy by a subset of only seven CT features.
Neutrophil extracellular traps in chronic lung disease: implications for pathogenesis and therapy
Authors: Keir Holly R. , Chalmers James D.
Published: February 2022

Neutrophilic inflammation has a key role in the pathophysiology of multiple chronic lung diseases. The formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) has emerged as a key mechanism of disease in neutrophilic lung diseases including asthma, COPD, cystic fibrosis and, most recently, bronchiectasis. NETs are large, web-like structures composed of DNA and anti-microbial proteins that are able to bind pathogens, prevent microbial dissemination and degrade bacterial virulence factors. The release of excess concentrations of proteases, antimicrobial proteins, DNA and histones, however, also leads to tissue damage, impaired mucociliary clearance, impaired bacterial killing and increased inflammation. A number of studies have linked airway NET formation with greater disease severity, increased exacerbations and overall worse disease outcomes across the spectrum of airway diseases. Treating neutrophilic inflammation has been challenging in chronic lung disease because of the delicate balance between reducing inflammation and increasing the risk of infections through immunosuppression. Novel approaches to suppressing NET formation or the associated inflammation are in development and represent an important therapeutic target. This review will discuss the relationship between NETs and the pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis, asthma, COPD and bronchiectasis, and explore the current and future development of NET-targeting therapies.
Complete genome sequence of biocontrol strain Paenibacillus peoriae HJ-2 and further analysis of its biocontrol mechanism
Authors: Jiang Aiming , Zou Chengwu , Xu Xiang , Ke Zunwei , Hou Jiangan , Jiang Guihe , Fan Chunli , Gong Jianhua , Wei Jiguang
Published: February 2022

Background

Paris polyphylla is a herb widely used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat various diseases. Stem rot diseases seriously affected the yield of P. polyphylla in subtropical areas of China. Therefore, cost-effective, chemical-free, eco-friendly strategies to control stem rot on P. polyphylla are valuable and urgently needed.

Results

In this paper, we reported the biocontrol efficiency of Paenibacillus peoriae HJ-2 and its complete genome sequence. Strain HJ-2 could serve as a potential biocontrol agent against stem rot on P. polyphylla in the greenhouse and field. The genome of HJ-2 consists of a single 6,001,192 bp chromosome with an average GC content of 45% and 5,237 predicted protein coding genes, 39 rRNAs and 108 tRNAs. The phylogenetic tree indicated that HJ-2 is most closely related to P. peoriae IBSD35. Functional analysis of genome revealed numerous genes/gene clusters involved in plant colonization, biofilm formation, plant growth promotion, antibiotic and resistance inducers synthesis. Moreover, metabolic pathways that potentially contribute to biocontrol mechanisms were identified.

Conclusions

This study revealed that P. peoriae HJ-2 could serve as a potential BCA against stem rot on P. polyphylla. Based on genome analysis, the genome of HJ-2 contains more than 70 genes and 12 putative gene clusters related to secondary metabolites, which have previously been described as being involved in chemotaxis motility, biofilm formation, growth promotion, antifungal activity and resistance inducers biosynthesis. Compared with other strains, variation in the genes/gene clusters may lead to different antimicrobial spectra and biocontrol efficacies.
miR-424 inhibits apoptosis and inflammatory responses induced by sevoflurane through TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway
Authors: Li Zeyu , Wang Tao , Yu Yonghao
Published: February 2022

Background

Side effects of sevoflurane in anterograde and retrograde memory have been widely reported. However, there is no convincing evidence that sevoflurane directly causes the development of neurotoxicity. miR-424 has the potential to regulate the neurotoxicity caused by isoflurane anesthesia, and it has a complementary sequence with the 3’UTR region of TLR4. Thus, our study aims to explore whether sevoflurane directly causes neurotoxicity, the effects of miR-424 on sevoflurane induced apoptosis and inflammation, and the underlying mechanism.

Methods

Sevoflurane effects were identified both in mouse and in PC12 cells. Western blots and ELISA were used for protein detection, while micro (mi) RNA expression was measured with RT-qPCR. Dual luciferase reporter assays were employed to study the interaction between miR-424 and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) using miR-424 mimics and TLR4 over-expression.

Results

Sevoflurane stimulated expression of Bax2 and Caspase-3, and increased apoptosis ratio both in vivo and vitro (P < 0.05). Inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6, were up-regulated by sevoflurane, while IL-10 was downregulated (P < 0.05). Sevoflurane treatment enhanced the phosphorylation of NF-κB, and up-regulated the expressions of TLR4 and MyD88 (P < 0.05), which demonstrated that sevoflurane inhibited proliferation and differentiation of neuronal cells by activating TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling both in vitro and vivo. However, up-regulation of miR-424 attenuated the negative effects of sevoflurane by targeting the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) of TLR4 and inducing the degradation of mRNA (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

In vitro, sevoflurane induces activation of the endogenous TLR4 signaling pathway, thereby promoting apoptosis and inflammatory cytokine expression. Exogenous TLR4 acts as an agonist to stimulate TLR4 signaling, whereas miR-424 inhibits both endogenous and exogenous TLR4 signaling, thereby preserving proliferation and differentiation of neuronal cells.