bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of patients without and with an initial triple-negative breast cancer diagnosis in the phase 3 randomized ASCENT study of sacituzumab govitecan in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: O’Shaughnessy Joyce , Brufsky Adam , Rugo Hope S. , Tolaney Sara M. , Punie Kevin , Sardesai Sagar , Hamilton Erika , Loirat Delphine , Traina Tiffany , Leon-Ferre Roberto , Hurvitz Sara A. , Kalinsky Kevin , Bardia Aditya , Henry Stephanie , Mayer Ingrid , Zhu Yanni , Phan See , Cortés Javier
Published: May 2022

Purpose

Sacituzumab govitecan (SG) is an antibody–drug conjugate composed of an anti–Trop-2 antibody coupled to SN-38 via a proprietary hydrolyzable linker. In the ASCENT study, SG improved survival versus single-agent treatment of physician’s choice (TPC) in pre-treated metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC). Hormone/HER2 receptor changes are common, particularly at relapse/metastasis. This subanalysis assessed outcomes in patients who did/did not have TNBC at initial diagnosis, before enrollment.

Methods

TNBC diagnosis was only required at study entry. Patients with mTNBC refractory/relapsing after ≥ 2 prior chemotherapies were randomized 1:1 to receive SG or TPC. Primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) in patients without brain metastases.

Results

Overall, 70/235 (30%) and 76/233 (33%) patients who received SG and TPC, respectively, did not have TNBC at initial diagnosis. Clinical benefit with SG versus TPC was observed in this subset. Median PFS was 4.6 versus 2.3 months (HR 0.48; 95% CI 0.32–0.72), median overall survival was 12.4 versus 6.7 months (HR 0.44; 95% CI 0.30–0.64), and objective response rate (ORR) was 31% versus 4%; those who also received prior CDK4/6 inhibitors had ORRs of 21% versus 5%. Efficacy and safety for patients with TNBC at initial diagnosis were generally similar to those who did not present with TNBC at initial diagnosis.

Conclusion

Patients without TNBC at initial diagnosis had improved clinical outcomes and a manageable safety profile with SG, supporting SG as a treatment option for mTNBC regardless of subtype at initial diagnosis. Subtype reassessment in advanced breast cancer allows for optimal treatment.

Clinical trial registration number NCT02574455, registered October 12, 2015.
A path-following inexact Newton method for PDE-constrained optimal control in BV
Authors: Hafemeyer D. , Mannel F.
Published: May 2022

We study a PDE-constrained optimal control problem that involves functions of bounded variation as controls and includes the TV seminorm of the control in the objective. We apply a path-following inexact Newton method to the problems that arise from smoothing the TV seminorm and adding an$$H^1$$H1regularization. We prove in an infinite-dimensional setting that, first, the solutions of these auxiliary problems converge to the solution of the original problem and, second, that an inexact Newton method enjoys fast local convergence when applied to a reformulation of the auxiliary optimality systems in which the control appears as implicit function of the adjoint state. We show convergence of a Finite Element approximation, provide a globalized preconditioned inexact Newton method as solver for the discretized auxiliary problems, and embed it into an inexact path-following scheme. We construct a two-dimensional test problem with fully explicit solution and present numerical results to illustrate the accuracy and robustness of the approach.
Degradation of four pesticides in five urban landscape soils: human and environmental health risk assessment
Authors: Meftaul Islam Md , Venkateswarlu Kadiyala , Annamalai Prasath , Parven Aney , Megharaj Mallavarapu
Published: May 2022

Pesticides are the most cost-effective means of pest control; however, the serious concern is about the non-target effects due to their extensive and intensive use in both agricultural and non-agricultural settings. The degradation rate constant (k) and half-life (DT50) of four commonly used pesticides, glyphosate, 2,4-D, chlorothalonil and dimethoate were determined in five Australian urban landscape soils, with varying physicochemical characteristics, to assess their environmental and human health risks. The k values (day−1) for the selected pesticides were inversely proportional to those of organic carbon (OC), silt, clay and Fe and Al oxides, and directly proportional to pH and sand content in soils. In contrast, the calculated values of DT50 (days) of all the four pesticides in five soils positively correlated with OC, clay, silt and oxides of Fe and Al, whereas soil pH and sand content exhibited a negative correlation. The calculated values of environmental indices, GUS and LIX, for the selected pesticides indicate their potential portability into water bodies, affecting non-target organisms as well as food safety. The evaluation for human non-cancer risk of these pesticides, based on the calculated values of hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI), suggested that exposure of adults and children to soils, contaminated with 50% of initially applied concentrations, through ingestion, dermal and inhalation pathways might cause negligible to zero non-carcinogenic risks. The present data might help the stakeholders in applying recommended doses of pesticides in urban landscapes and regulatory bodies concerned in monitoring the overall environmental quality and implementing safeguard policies. Our study also clearly demonstrates the need for developing improved formulations and spraying technologies for pesticides to minimize human and environmental health risks.

Graphic abstract
Overview of the retina and imaging in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Authors: Abdolrahimzadeh Solmaz , Lodesani Manuel , Rullo Daria , Mariani Alberto , Scuderi Gianluca
Published: May 2022

Introduction

The role of the human eye in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) is still under investigation. The pathophysiology of the ocular findings is arduous when dealing with critically ill Covid-19 patients with comorbidities. Multiorgan involvement and the effects of inflammation, infection and systemic treatment on the retina are complex, and comparison of studies is difficult. Most studies in human patients have investigated the anterior segment, whereas few reports deal with the posterior segment of the eye. The present review aims to evaluate the retinal manifestations and imaging features in COVID-19 patients.

Methods

Studies on the retinal manifestations and retinal imaging in COVID-19 patients published through June 2021 were reviewed. We included cross-sectional and case–control studies, case series, case reports and correspondence in the analysis.

Results

Flame-shaped hemorrhages, cotton wool spots, augmented diameter and tortuosity of retinal vessels were found on funduscopic examination. Peripapillary, macular retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell layer thickness alterations were reported on spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Reduced vessel density of the superficial and deep retinal capillary plexus on optical coherence tomography angiography was reported.

Conclusions

Retinal complications may arise in COVID-19 patients. Although no consensus on presentation is currently available, retinal funduscopy and imaging has shown neuronal and vascular alterations. Systemic neurological complications and microangiopathy are associated with SARS-COV-2; thus, as the retina has a neuronal and vascular component, funduscopy and retinal imaging on COVID-19 patients can provide further insight to SARS-COV-2 disease and the follow-up of patients.
Translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire into Persian (CVS-Q FA©)
Authors: Qolami Milad , Mirzajani Ali , Ronda-Pérez Elena , Cantó-Sancho Natalia , Seguí-Crespo Mar
Published: May 2022

Purpose

To translate, cross-culturally adapt and validate the Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire (CVS-Q©) into Persian.

Methods

This study was carried out in 2 phases: (1) the CVS-Q© was translated and cross-culturally adapted into Persian and (2) the validity and reliability of CVS-Q FA© were assessed in a cross-sectional validation study. An expert committee composed of 15 optometrists evaluated content validity (item-level (I-CVI) and scale-level (S-CVI) content validity index were calculated). A pretest was performed (n = 20 participants) to verify the comprehensibility of the questionnaire. A total of 102 computer users completed the final questionnaire. Criterion validity and diagnostic performance of the CVS-Q FA© were assessed by calculating sensitivity, specificity and receiver characteristic operator curve. Cronbach's alpha was calculated for the assessment of internal consistency and 46 participants refilled the questionnaire for the second time and the interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cohen's kappa (κ) were evaluated for test–retest reliability.

Results

The translation and cross-cultural adaptation process was performed successfully according to accepted scientific recommendations without any major difficulties. The I-CVI was above 0.80 for all items (symptoms) except item 15 (feeling that sight is worsening) and the S-CVI was 0.92. The CVS-Q FA© showed good sensitivity (81.1%) and acceptable specificity (69.2%). Also, it achieved good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.80) and test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.81 and κ = 0.65).

Conclusion

The CVS-Q FA© was successfully translated, cross-culturally adapted, and validated into Persian. This study provides a valid and reliable tool for the assessment of computer vision syndrome among the Iranian working population.
Adjunct control in German, Norwegian, and English
Authors: Fischer Silke , Høyem Inghild Flaate
Published: May 2022

This paper presents an overview of adjunct control in German, Norwegian, and English, comprising adverbial infinitives, adverbial present and past participle constructions, as well as adverbial small clauses headed by the particlealsin German,somin Norwegian, andasin English. We show that the height of the adjunction site (and thus, following scope-based adjunct theories, the underlying semantics of the adjuncts) determines the control possibilities. Based on a large set of data, we argue that event- and process-modifying adjuncts, i.e. adjuncts adjoined in the verbal domain (at the vP- or VP-level, respectively), display obligatory control (OC) properties, whereas sentence and speech act adverbials, which are adjoined at the TP- and CP-level, respectively, rather involve non-obligatory control (NOC). To capture these data theoretically, we propose a structural account that assumes that OC relations are syntactically licensed under upward Agree with PRO being the referentially defective probe that needs to be referentially identified in the course of the derivation by the controller, i.e. the goal. If the adjunct is adjoined in the verbal domain, such an Agree relation can be successfully established and OC is derived. If adjunction occurs in higher adjunction sites, i.e. outside of the verbal domain, feature valuation under Agree fails; as a last resort strategy, the control relation is then licensed on the basis of pragmatic factors, which yields NOC.
Prospective Memory Training in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Tse Zita C. K. , Cao Yuan , Ogilvie James M. , Chau Bolton K. H. , Ng Daphne H. C. , Shum David H. K.
Published: May 2022

Prospective memory (PM), which enables one to remember to carry out delayed intentions, is crucial for everyday functioning. PM commonly deteriorates upon cognitive decline in older adults, but several studies have shown that PM in older adults can be improved by training. The current study aimed to summarise this evidence by conducting a qualitative systematic analysis and quantitative meta-analysis of the effects of PM training in older adults, for which systematic searches were conducted across seven databases (Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, PsycInfo, Web of Science, CINAHL and Scopus). Forty-eight studies were included in the qualitative analysis, and 43% of the assessed PM training interventions showed positive gains in enhancing PM. However, the methodological quality varied across the studies, with 41% of the non-randomised control trials (non-RCTs) rated as having either serious or critical risk of bias. Therefore, only 29 RCTs were included in the subsequent quantitative meta-analysis. We found a significant and moderate immediate efficacy (Hedges’ g = 0.54) of PM training in enhancing PM performance in older adults, but no significant long-term efficacy (Hedges’ g = 0.20). Two subgroup analyses also revealed a robust training efficacy across the study population (i.e., healthy and clinical population) and the number of training sessions (i.e., single session and programme-based). Overall, this study provided positive evidence to support PM training in older adults. Further studies are warranted to explore the mechanisms by which PM training exerts its effects, and better-quality RCTs are needed to provide more robust evidence supporting our findings.
The effect of sampling mode on response rate and bias in elite surveys
Authors: López Matias
Published: May 2022

The literature frequently recommends purposive sampling of elites based on the assumptions that random sampling negatively affects the response rate and that it induces bias. I test these assumptions drawing on metadata from 282 samples of political, economic, and social elites, and on microdata from 2,658 elites. First I use permutations to calculate confidence intervals for the expected response rate following each sampling method. Second, I estimate the effect of random sampling on the final response rate using a range of regression models. Finally, I compare the distributions of the estimators for the average age, the share of male elites, and elites’ ideology by simulating repeated random and purposive samples. Results indicate that both random and purposive sampling of elites generate sufficiently large samples, as well as consistent and unbiased estimators of population parameters. Contradicting methodological guidelines in the field, the conclusion is that random sampling of elites is efficient.
The diagnostic accuracy of intraoperative frozen section biopsy for diagnosis of sentinel lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients: a meta-analysis
Authors: Elshanbary Alaa Ahmed , Awad Alaa Abdelsameia , Abdelsalam Alaa , Ibrahim Islam H. , Abdel-Aziz Walid , Darwish Youssef Bahaaeldin , Isa Alaa Saad , Drid Boutheyna , Mustafa Marwa Gamal , Allam Radwa Hamdy , Abo Ali Amira A. , Nourelden Anas Zakarya , Ragab Khaled Mohamed , AlGwaiz Hussah I. M. , Awaji Aeshah A. , Germoush Mousa O. , Albrakati Ashraf , Piscopo Marina , Ghaboura Nehmat , Zaazouee Mohamed Sayed
Published: May 2022

Sentinel lymph node (SLN) sampling is important for evaluating the nodal stage of breast cancer when the axillary nodes are clinically free of metastasis. The intraoperative frozen section (IFS) of SLN is used for lymph node assessment. This meta-analysis aims to provide evidence about the diagnostic accuracy and the applicability of IFS of SLN in breast cancer patients. Data were collected by searching PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science electronic databases for trials matching our eligibility criteria. The statistical analysis included the sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and pooled studies’ diagnostic odds ratio outcomes. The analyses were conducted using the Open Meta-analyst software. This meta-analysis pooled the results of 110 studies. The overall sensitivity of IFS for SLN metastasis was 74.7%; 95% CI [72.0, 77.2], P < 0.001. It was 31.4% 95% CI [25.2, 38.3], P < 0.001 for the micro-metastasis, and 90.2%; 95% CI [86.5, 93.0], P < 0.001 for the macro-metastasis. The overall specificity was 99.4%; 95% CI [99.2, 99.6], P < 0.001. The overall positive likelihood ratio was 121.4; 95% CI [87.9, 167.6], P < 0.001, and the overall negative likelihood ratio was 0.226; 95% CI [0.186, 0.274], P < 0.001. The overall diagnostic odds ratio of IFS for diagnosing SLN metastasis was 569.5; 95% CI [404.2, 802.4], P < 0.001. The intraoperative frozen section of SLN has good sensitivity for diagnosing breast cancer macro-metastasis. However, the sensitivity is low for micro-metastasis. The specificity is very satisfactory.
Effect of fluid saturation and salinity on sandstone rock weakening: experimental investigations and interpretations from physicochemical perspective
Authors: Zeng Lingping , Dautriat Jeremie , Monmusson Ludwig , Xie Quan
Published: May 2022

Fluid saturation plays an important role in rock weakening. However, few researches reveal the controlling factor(s) behind the rock weakening particularly from geochemical perspective. We performed rock failure/fracture reactivation tests on dry and wet samples (saturated with high/low salinity brine). We examined the effect of fluid saturation and salinity on rock mechanical properties through a unique triaxial compression system with combination of micro-seismicity monitoring. Besides, the induced time-dependent micro-seismicity events were located to characterize the fracture orientation together with medical CT imaging. Moreover, we performed geochemical modelling to link the surface energy to rock mechanics from geochemical perspective.

Our results show that the peak stress of saturated samples is 11.7% to 15.0% less than unsaturated samples, confirming that fluid saturation can weaken rock. Lowering salinity appears to play a negligible role in the reduction of elastic modulus and peak stress of intact sandstones. We also did not observe the expansion of micro-seismicity cloud along main fracture plane, suggesting that lowering salinity may not trigger micro-fracture generation under confining condition. However, sample saturated with low salinity brine shows a much slower increase rate of differential stress during the plastic deformation to reach yield point during fracture reactivation process compared to the sample saturated with high salinity brine. This work contributes to the existing knowledge of rock weakening by providing quantitative geochemical characterization with implications in water-assisted enhancing hydrocarbon recovery and CO2 geological storage.
Mitigation measures of debris flow and landslide risk carried out in two mountain areas of North-Eastern Italy
Authors: Genevois Rinaldo , Tecca Pia Rosella , Genevois Clervie
Published: May 2022

The design of remediation works for the mitigation and prevention of the associated risk is needed where these geological hazards affect anthropized areas. Remedial measures for landslides commonly include slope reshaping, plumbing, drainage, retaining structures and internal slope reinforcement, while debris flow control works consist in open or closed control structures. The effectiveness of the remedial works implemented must be assessed by evaluating the reduction of the risk over time. The choice of the most appropriate and cost-effective intervention must consider the type of hazard and environmental issues, and selects, wherever possible, naturalistic engineering operations that are consequently implemented according to the environmental regulations or the design and specification standards imposed by the competent public administrations. The mitigation procedures consist of five basic steps: (a) acquisition of the knowledge of the hazard process; (b) risk assessment with identification of possible disaster scenarios; (c) planning and designing of specific remedial measures to reduce and/or eliminate the potential risk; (d) slope monitoring after application of remedial measures, (e) transfer of knowledge to the stakeholders. This paper presents two case studies describing the practice for the design of the mitigation measures adopted for debris flow and active landslide sites in North-Eastern Italy. The first case study is a debris flow site, for which, based on observation of past events and numerical simulations using the software FLOW-2D, the most suitable mitigation measures were found to be the construction of a debris basin, barriers and breakers. The second case study deals with an active landslide threatening a village. Based on the landslide kinematics and the results of numerical simulations performed with the code FLAC, hard engineering remedial works were planned to reduce the driving forces with benching and by increasing the available resisting forces using jet grout piles and deep drainage.
Reinforcing Interdisciplinary Collaborations to Unravel the Astrocyte “Calcium Code”
Authors: Covelo Ana , Badoual Anaïs , Denizot Audrey
Published: May 2022

In this review article, we present the major insights from and challenges faced in the acquisition, analysis and modeling of astrocyte calcium activity, aiming at bridging the gap between those fields to crack the complex astrocyte “Calcium Code”. We then propose strategies to reinforce interdisciplinary collaborative projects to unravel astrocyte function in health and disease.
Traces of Pornography: Shame, Scripted Action, and Agency in Narratives of Young Swedish Women
Authors: Tholander Michael , Johansson Sofia , Thunell Klara , Dahlström Örjan
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this study was to explore young women’s experiences of pornography and how they believe pornography has affected both themselves and other adolescents in terms of sexuality and sexual experiences. Seven young women aged 17–18 years were interviewed and their narratives were analyzed through thematic analysis. The results show that the participants’ pornography consumption has at times evoked feelings of shame in relation to their official feminist stance. Moreover, they all report experiences of being pressured to adopt a “supporting role” in sex and to perform in line with a narrow pornographic script, thus compromising their wish to enjoy sex and enact sexual agency. It is also evident how the participants have struggled to navigate through the conflicting positions that are available within a postfeminist culture, for instance in relation to feminism, heterosexual gender norms, and the strong ideal of being an “agent” in sex. In the pursuit of young women’s healthy sexual development, the results highlight the need for safe female venues, a relational understanding of agency, cultural change rather than individualized responsibility, porn literacy training, and the advancement of broader sexual scripts.
Relevance of the MHC region for breast cancer susceptibility in Asians
Authors: Ho Peh Joo , Khng Alexis Jiaying , Tan Benita Kiat-Tee , Tan Ern Yu , Tan Su-Ming , Tan Veronique Kiak Mien , Lim Geok Hoon , Aronson Kristan J. , Chan Tsun L. , Choi Ji-Yeob , Dennis Joe , Ho Weang-Kee , Hou Ming-Feng , Ito Hidemi , Iwasaki Motoki , John Esther M. , Kang Daehee , Kim Sung-Won , Kurian Allison W. , Kwong Ava , Lophatananon Artitaya , Matsuo Keitaro , Mohd-Taib Nur Aishah , Muir Kenneth , Murphy Rachel A. , Park Sue K. , Shen Chen-Yang , Shu Xiao-Ou , Teo Soo Hwang , Wang Qin , Yamaji Taiki , Zheng Wei , Bolla Manjeet K. , Dunning Alison M. , Easton Douglas F. , Pharoah Paul D. P. , Hartman Mikael , Li Jingmei
Published: May 2022

Background

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes play critical roles in immune surveillance, an important defence against tumors. Imputing HLA genotypes from existing single-nucleotide polymorphism datasets is low-cost and efficient. We investigate the relevance of the major histocompatibility complex region in breast cancer susceptibility, using imputed class I and II HLA alleles, in 25,484 women of Asian ancestry.

Methods

A total of 12,901 breast cancer cases and 12,583 controls from 12 case–control studies were included in our pooled analysis. HLA imputation was performed using SNP2HLA on 10,886 quality-controlled variants within the 15–55 Mb region on chromosome 6. HLA alleles (n = 175) with info scores greater than 0.8 and frequencies greater than 0.01 were included (resolution at two-digit level: 71; four-digit level: 104). We studied the associations between HLA alleles and breast cancer risk using logistic regression, adjusting for population structure and age. Associations between HLA alleles and the risk of subtypes of breast cancer (ER-positive, ER-negative, HER2-positive, HER2-negative, early-stage, and late-stage) were examined.

Results

We did not observe associations between any HLA allele and breast cancer risk at P < 5e−8; the smallest p value was observed for HLA-C*12:03 (OR = 1.29, P = 1.08e−3). Ninety-five percent of the effect sizes (OR) observed were between 0.90 and 1.23. Similar results were observed when different subtypes of breast cancer were studied (95% of ORs were between 0.85 and 1.18).

Conclusions

No imputed HLA allele was associated with breast cancer risk in our large Asian study. Direct measurement of HLA gene expressions may be required to further explore the associations between HLA genes and breast cancer risk.
The unique laurel-leaf points of Volgu document long-distance transport of raw materials in the Solutrean
Authors: Koch Tabea J. , Schmidt Patrick
Published: May 2022

The Upper Palaeolithic Solutrean culture that coincided with the last glacial maximum has become famous for documenting an increasing investment of time and effort in the production of tools. However, Solutrean lithic assemblages predominantly document local procurement of flint and only in rare cases, stones were transported over distances above 100 km. The perhaps most remarkable Solutrean artefacts are the large bifacial laurel-leaf points of Volgu. Some studies on the points suggested long-distance transport, proposing multiple raw material locations in the > 170 km distant Paris Basin. These findings were not based on physical or chemical measurements but rather on evaluations of macro- and microscopically visible features at the surface of the flint. In this study, we aim to verify previously made propositions on the Volgu points’ origin with an archaeometric technique. For this, we apply reflectance infrared spectroscopy, a method that relies on identifying differences in the crystallographic properties of flint. We compare eight of the Volgu laurel-leaf points with five regions of Upper Cretaceous flint deposits in France and Belgium. We found that the Volgu points’ flint is most similar to flint from the south-eastern Paris Basin in terms of its crystallography (identifying a region between 170 and 250 km from Volgu). Our findings provide a reproducible line of evidence for the long-distance procurement of flint to produce exceptional artefacts in the Solutrean. Our study is the first application of this method to flint sourcing in a European context. It has therefore also implications for future provenance studies on other archaeological sites in France.
Influence of atrial fibrillation subtypes on anticoagulant therapy in a high-risk older population: the FAI project
Authors: Di Carlo Antonio , Mori Fabio , Consoli Domenico , Bellino Leonardo , Zaninelli Augusto , Baldereschi Marzia , D’Alfonso Maria Grazia , Gradia Chiara , Cattarinussi Alessandro , Sgherzi Bruno , Pracucci Giovanni , Piccardi Benedetta , Polizzi Bianca Maria , Inzitari Domenico ,   for the National Research Program: Progetto FAI. La Fibrillazione Atriale in Italia
Published: May 2022

Background and aim

Benefits of oral anticoagulants (OAC) in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients with moderate-to-high risk of stroke are independent of AF pattern. We evaluated whether AF clinical subtype influenced OAC use in a representative sample of the Italian older population.

Methods

A cross-sectional examination of all subjects aged 65 + years from three general practices in northern, central, and southern Italy started in 2016. A double-screening procedure was followed by clinical and ECG confirmation. Patients were categorized as having paroxysmal, persistent, or permanent AF. OAC use was evaluated in confirmed AF patients.

Results

The sample included 6016 subjects. Excluding 235 non-eligible, participation was 78.3%, which left 4528 participants (mean age 74.5 ± 6.8 years, 47.2% men). Overall, 319 AF cases were identified: 43.0% had paroxysmal, 21.3% persistent, and 35.7% permanent AF. Frequency of OAC therapy was 91.2% in permanent, 85.3% in persistent, and only 43.0% in paroxysmal AF (P < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, controlled for baseline variables and risk scales, persistent and permanent AF were associated with a significant increase in the likelihood of receiving OAC compared with paroxysmal AF (P < 0.001). This was confirmed for permanent AF also in multivariate analyses considering separately vitamin K antagonists or direct-acting oral anticoagulants (OR, 4.37, 95% CI, 2.43–7.85; and 1.92, 95% CI, 1.07–3.42, respectively) and for persistent AF and direct-acting oral anticoagulants (OR, 4.33, 95% CI, 2.30–8.15).

Conclusions

In a population-based survey, AF pattern was an independent predictor of OAC treatment. Paroxysmal AF is still perceived as carrying a lower risk of vascular events.
Business models, consumer data and privacy in platform markets
Authors: Padilla Jorge , Piccolo Salvatore , Vasconcelos Helder
Published: May 2022

We examine the drivers of the accuracy of the consumer information collected by a digital platform. In an environment where consumers mind their privacy, we compare a pure-intermediation model, where the platform plays a matching function only, by connecting buyers and sellers, with a hybrid business model, where the platform also introduces its private label to compete with third-party sellers. We show that the platform’s incentive to collect demand information in the two models depends on the intensity of intra-platform competition and on its bargaining power vis-à-vis third-party sellers. When end-users perceive the platform’s private label and the third-party sellers’ products as relatively close substitutes (strong intra-platform competition) and the intermediary has a strong bargaining position in the negotiation with the sellers, it tends to acquire less accurate information under the hybrid model than in the pure-intermediation model, at the benefit of consumer privacy. Otherwise, more information is acquired under the hybrid model. These results shed new light on the link between alternative business models, consumer privacy and information collection in the digital sector, and may help explaining why some platforms tend to protect more consumer privacy than others.
Does it matter which poverty measure we use to identify those left behind? Investigating poverty mismatch and overlap for Botswana
Authors: Lekobane Khaufelo Raymond
Published: May 2022

This study offers the first attempt in Botswana and adds to the limited literature on poverty mismatch and overlaps in Sub-Saharan Africa. Using the 2015/16 Botswana multi-topic household survey data, the study compares the country’s current official monetary poverty measure with an individual-level multidimensional poverty measure. The results show that multidimensional poverty levels are higher than monetary poverty levels. The results also reveal that significant mismatches and overlaps exist, suggesting that individuals experiencing monetary and multidimensional poverty are not the same. However, the mismatch size and overlaps vary across different subgroups of the populations and place of residence. The econometric estimation results show that age, household size, household head’s education status, household head’s employment status, and location (place of residence) influence poverty mismatch and overlap in Botswana. The findings suggest the need to go beyond traditional monetary poverty measure and complement it with multidimensional poverty measure to identify those left behind. The results are critical for policy interventions, especially for monitoring the trends, understanding poverty dynamics, and targeting social assistance programmes.
Liturgie des Lieblingsjüngers. Die Sequenz Iohannes Iesu Christo in lateinischer Messe und volkssprachlicher Andacht
Authors: Kraß Andreas
Published: May 2022

Notker I. von St. Gallen, ein frühmittelalterlicher Mönch der Abtei St. Gallen, preist in seiner Sequenz Iohannes Iesu Christo den Evangelisten Johannes als den »Jünger, den Jesus liebte«. Der Artikel rekonstruiert zunächst die Figur des Lieblingsjüngers anhand der biblischen und legendarischen Quellen. Er analysiert dann das Zusammenspiel von religiösem Inhalt und ästhetischer Form in Notkers Sequenz und untersucht ihren Gebrauch im Zusammenhang der lateinischen Messe, deren Teil sie war. Der zweite Teil des Beitrags wendet sich einem volkssprachlichen Gebetbuch für mittelalterliche Nonnen zu, das die betreffende Messe mit Elementen des Stundengebets verbindet, einschließlich einer Übersetzung des frühmittelalterlichen Hymnus Sollemnis dies advenit, der ein Gegenstück zur Sequenz Iohannes Iesu Christo darstellt. Der Beitrag schließt mit allgemeinen Überlegungen zum Verhältnis von Liturgie und Ästhetik in Bezug auf die Sequenz, die lateinische Messe und das deutsche Gebetbuch.
Q Methodology as an Innovative Addition to Bullying Researchers’ Methodological Repertoire
Authors: Lundberg Adrian , Hellström Lisa
Published: May 2022

The field of bullying research deals with methodological issues and concerns affecting the comprehension of bullying and how it should be defined. For the purpose of designing relevant and powerful bullying prevention strategies, this article argues that instead of pursuing a universal definition of what constitutes bullying, it may be of greater importance to investigate culturally and contextually bound understandings and definitions of bullying. Inherent to that shift is the transition to a more qualitative research approach in the field and a stronger focus on participants’ subjective views and voices. Challenges in qualitative methods are closely connected to individual barriers of hard-to-reach populations and the lack of a necessary willingness to share on the one hand and the required ability to share subjective viewpoints on the other hand. By reviewing and discussing Q methodology, this paper contributes to bullying researchers’ methodological repertoire of less-intrusive methodologies. Q methodology offers an approach whereby cultural contexts and local definitions of bullying can be put in the front. Furthermore, developmentally appropriate intervention and prevention programs might be created based on exploratory Q research and could later be validated through large-scale investigations. Generally, research results based on Q methodology are expected to be useful for educators and policymakers aiming to create a safe learning environment for all children. With regard to contemporary bullying researchers, Q methodology may open up novel possibilities through its status as an innovative addition to more mainstream approaches.
The hemodynamic impacts of preoperative anxiety among patients undergoing elective surgery: An institution-based prospective cohort study
Authors: Tadesse Muhiddin , Ahmed Siraj , Regassa Teshome , Girma Timsel , Mohammed Ayub
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Anxiety is a feeling of tension, apprehension, nervousness, fear, discomfort and high autonomic activity with varying degree of intensity. Preoperative anxiety affects the hemodynamic status of patients. This study aimed to aassess the effect of preoperative anxiety on hemodynamic status on patients undergoing elective surgery.

Methods:

A hospital based prospective cohort study was conducted on patient scheduled for elective surgeries from November 1, 2019 to October 30, 2020 at Dilla University Referral Hospital. Data was collected with structured questionnaires and analyzed by SPSS version 20.

Result:

There was no statistically significant difference among the groups on base line variables. Mean arterial pressure at arrival to the OR, after induction of anesthesia, on the 15th minutes and on the 30th minutes in high anxiety group was significantly increased when compared to low anxiety group. Systolic blood pressure in preoperative assessment periods, at arrival to the OR, after induction of anaesthesia and on the 15th minutes in high anxiety level group was significantly increased. The heart rate at arrival to operation was higher in high anxiety group. This study showed that the preoperative anxiety affects the blood pressure and heart rate values of patients before arrival to the operation theatre and during anesthesia.

Conclusion:

High preoperative anxiety increased the mean arterial pressure, systolic blood pressure, and heart rate on arrival to the operation room. Decreasing preoperative anxiety improves intraoperative and post-operative hemodynamic status of patients undergoing elective surgery.

Highlights
Thinking Reasonably about Indeterministic Choice Beliefs
Authors: Kissel Andrew
Published: May 2022

Recent research suggests that, regardless of the truth of libertarianism about free will, there appears to be a widespread belief among nonphilosopher laypersons that the choices of free agents are not causally necessitated by prior states of affairs. In this paper, I propose a new class of debunking explanation for this belief which I call ‘reasons-based accounts’ (RBAs). I start the paper by briefly recounting the failures of extant approaches to debunking explanations, and then use this as a jumping off point to articulate several alternatives, highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of each.
The Policy Gap and Inefficiency in Public Volunteers’ Response to Assist the Hospitals After Natural Disasters in Iran: A Grounded Theory Methodology
Authors: Jannat Forouzandeh , Khorasani-Zavareh Davoud , Allahbakhshi Kiyoumars , Aghazadeh-Attari Javad , Nateghinia Saeedeh , Mohebbi Iraj
Published: May 2022

Objective:

This study aims to explore a public volunteer’s hospital response model in natural disasters in Iran.

Methods:

This study employed grounded theory using the Strauss and Corbin 2008 method and data analysis was carried out in three steps, namely open, axial, and selective coding. The present qualitative study was done using semi-structured interviews with 36 participants who were on two levels and with different experiences in responding to emergencies and disasters as “public volunteers” and “experts”. National and local experts were comprised of professors in the field of disaster management, hospital managers, Red Crescent experts, staff and managers of Iran Ministry of Health and Medical Education.

Results:

The main concept of the paradigm model was “policy gap and inefficiency” in the management of public volunteers, which was rooted in political factions, ethnicity, regulations, and elites. The policy gap and inefficiency led to chaos and “crises over crises.” Overcoming the policy gap will result in hospital disaster resilience. Meanwhile, the model covered the causal, contextual, and intervening conditions, strategies, and consequences in relation to the public volunteers’ hospital response phase.

Conclusions:

The current public volunteers’ hospital in Iran suffered from the lack of a coherent, comprehensive, and forward-looking plan for their response. The most important beneficiaries of this paradigm model will be for health policy-makers, to clarify the main culprits of creating policy gap and inefficiency in Iran and other countries with a similar context. It can guide the decision-makings in upstream documents on the public volunteers. Further research should carried out to improve the understanding of the supportive legal framework, building the culture of volunteering, and enhancing volunteers’ retention rate.
An uncountable Moore–Schmidt theorem
Authors: JAMNESHAN ASGAR , TAO TERENCE
Published: May 2022

We prove an extension of the Moore–Schmidt theorem on the triviality of the first cohomology class of cocycles for the action of an arbitrary discrete group on an arbitrary measure space and for cocycles with values in an arbitrary compact Hausdorff abelian group. The proof relies on a ‘conditional’ Pontryagin duality for spaces of abstract measurable maps.
A Love Ethic for Black Feminisms: The Necessity of Love in Black Feminist Discourses and Discoveries
Authors: Odozor Ezinwanne Toochukwu
Published: May 2022

Black feminisms offer lenses through which Black women can resist and re-exist under new emancipatory conditions. Part of that work is uncovering roots and routes through which Black women's lives can come to the fore as articulated centers. Such a mandate, I argue, must center love. This article's work, therefore, is to articulate the function of love, as an ethic and a discourse of love as a dialectic space, in the creation of emancipatory spaces for Black women. In particular, this article aims to articulate how alove ethic, as a princple,can be used to support a citational politics for Black women toward a Black feminist reclamatory past, liberatory present, and emancipated future.
Improved calculations of waterfalls and weir flows
Authors: McLean E. , Bowles R. , Scheichl B. , Vanden-Broeck J.-M.
Published: May 2022

Many works have considered two-dimensional free-surface flow over the edge of a plate, forming a waterfall, and with uniform horizontal flow far upstream. The flow is assumed to be steady and irrotational, whilst the fluid is assumed to be inviscid and incompressible. Gravity is also taken into account. In particular, amongst these works, numerical solutions for supercritical flows have been computed, utilising conformal mappings as well as a series truncation and collocation method. We present an extension to this work where a more appropriate expression is taken for the assumed form of the complex velocity. The justification of this lies in the behaviour of the waterfall flow far downstream and the wish to better encapsulate the parabolic nature of such a free-falling jet. New numerical results will be presented, demonstrating the improved shape of the new free-surface profiles. These numerical solutions will also be validated through comparisons with asymptotic solutions, in particular for flows with larger Froude numbers. For flows with Froude numbers closer to 1, we demonstrate that the revised complex velocity ansatz should be employed in place of the asymptotic solution. We present further adjustments to the method that lead to enhanced coefficient decay. The aforementioned adjustments are also applied to supercritical weir flows and similar improvements to the jet shape can be observed.
Fast and furious dynamo action in the anisotropic dynamo
Authors: Plunian Franck , Alboussière Thierry
Published: May 2022

In the limit of large magnetic Reynolds numbers, it is shown that a smooth differential rotation can lead to fast dynamo action, provided that the electrical conductivity or magnetic permeability is anisotropic. If the shear is infinite, for example between two rotating solid bodies, the anisotropic dynamo becomes furious, meaning that the magnetic growth rate increases toward infinity with an increasing magnetic Reynolds number.
Further solutions to an isotope dilution model for partitioning phenylalanine and tyrosine between milk protein synthesis and other metabolic fates by the mammary gland of lactating dairy cows
Authors: Crompton L. A. , McKnight L. A. , Reynolds C. K. , Ellis J. L. , Dijkstra J. , France J.
Published: May 2022

Phenylalanine (PHE) and to a lesser extent TYR are two commonly used amino acid tracers for measuring protein metabolism in a variety of species and tissues. The model examined in this paper was developed to resolve trans-organ and stable isotope dilution data collected from experiments with lactating dairy cows using these tracers. Two methods of solving the model, i.e. as two four-pool submodels, one representing PHE and the other TYR, or as an integrated eight-pool model, are investigated and the alternative solutions are contrasted. Solving the model as the two four-pool submodels rather than the integrated 8-pool model is preferred as the equations are slightly simpler and their application less susceptible to any compounding of measurement errors. The data used to illustrate the model were taken from experiments conducted to investigate the effects of high and low protein diets on the partitioning of PHE and TYR between milk protein synthesis and other metabolic fates by the mammary gland.
Electromagnetic energy transport by tearing fluctuations in a self-organized reversed-field pinch plasma
Authors: Thuecks Derek J. , McCollam Karsten J.
Published: May 2022

Fluctuation measurements reveal the outward electromagnetic energy flux needed to drive the dynamo electromotive force supporting magnetic self-organization in a reversed-field pinch plasma. The radial Poynting flux due to tearing mode fluctuations is measured with an insertable probe during magnetic relaxation. This flux corresponds to transient power levels much larger than the input power and comparable to the global equilibrium magnetic energy transient loss rate. The probe measurements of this flux are roughly as predicted by a simple Poynting's theorem model upon substitution of equilibrium measurement data.
“It Makes You Feel Good to Help!”: An Exploratory Study of the Experience of Peer Mentoring in Long-Term Care
Authors: Theurer Kristine A. , Stone Robyn I. , Suto Melinda J. , Timonen Virpi , Brown Susan G. , Mortenson W. Ben
Published: May 2022

Social isolation and loneliness in long-term care settings are a growing concern. Drawing on concepts of social citizenship, we developed a peer mentoring program in which resident mentors and volunteers formed a team, met weekly for training, and paired up to visit isolated residents. In this article, we explore the experiences of the resident mentors. As part of a larger mixed-methods study conducted in 10 sites in Canada, we interviewed mentors (n = 48) and analysed data using inductive thematic analysis. We identified three inter-related themes: Helping others, helping ourselves described the personal benefits experienced through adopting a helping role; Building a bigger social world encapsulated new connections with those visited, and; Facing challenges, learning together described how mentors dealt with challenges as a team. Our findings suggest that a structured approach to mentoring benefits residents and helps them feel confident taking on a role supporting their isolated peers.