bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estructura y funcionamiento del gobierno comunal del Cayo Wiplin para la sustentabilidad del recurso maríno
Authors: Figueroa Galeano Abner Paul , Zacarías Copar Carly Livingston , Silva Ortiz Enríquez
Published: September 2019

Los recursos naturales del pueblo indígena se han mantenido gracias a los esfuerzos de los gobiernos comunales quienes a base de su conocimiento empírico-tradicional han regulado de una u otra forma los aprovechamientos de estos recursos y trasmitido de generación en generación, el valor que representa la tierra, el mar, los bosques, los cayos e islas comunales, puesto que el pueblo indígena vive con la naturaleza y no de la naturaleza. El estudio es cualitativo, descriptivo y en él se analiza la estructura y funcionamiento del gobierno comunal Cayos Wiplin, con la finalidad de mejorar y fortalecer la gobernanza del gobierno. El área de estudio está ubicada en el territorio de Tawira, a las 29 millas náuticas de la ciudad de Bilwi. Se realizaron entrevistas y grupos focales a los actores relacionados con la estructura y funcionamiento del gobierno comunal de cayos Wiplin para la sustentabilidad del ecosistema marítima. Mediante este estudio se extrae las principales normas practicadas en el cayo Wiplin conforme al derecho consuetudinario o desde la cosmovisión del pueblo miskitu para la conservación y protección de los recursos marítimos. Por lo tanto, para la recolección de información se utilizó entrevista y grupo focal. Los resultados pueden servir como marco de referencias; utilizarse como elementos para la formulación de proyectos tendientes a la conservación de los recursos marítimos puede ser un modelo para normar en los demás cayos.
Composición florística y estructura del manglar de los Cayo Miskitos a 10 años después del huracán Félix
Authors: Guadamuz Noé , Bloomfields Michael Sean
Published: September 2019

Este estudio caracteriza la composición florística y estructura horizontal del bosque de manglar de la Reserva Biológica Cayos Miskitos, en la Costa Caribe Norte de Nicaragua, durante el primer semestre del 2018. Se ubicaron 18 puntos de muestro donde se emplazaron 73 parcelas circulares de 12.60 m de radio, registrándose todos los individuos enraizados dentro con diámetro mayor o igual a 5.0 cm. Los resultados evidencian que el bosque se encuentra colonizado por cuatro especies de mangle R. mangle L., A. germinans L., L. racemosa Gaertn. y C. erectus L, donde R. mangle L., está dominando el sitio con más del 80% de los individuos y C. erectus L. es muy escaso. En promedio podemos encontrar 424 individuos por hectárea que acumulan 6.54 m2 de área basal y 47.11 m3 de volumen, donde más de la mitad de los individuos se encuentran en la clase diamétrica de 5.0 a 9.9 cm de dap, por lo que el bosque se considera joven y en pleno crecimiento y desarrollo, manteniendo su valor ecológico para la biodiversidad existente en el sitio
Índice de salud arrecifal (ISA) en los arrecifes coralinos de Cayos Miskitos
Authors: Williamson Cuthbert Marcos , Williams Smith Donald , Arróliga Osmar , Mendoza José , Torres Norving , Flores Oscar
Published: September 2019

Los arrecifes de coral de Cayos Miskitos se localizan en la Región Autónoma de la Costa Caribe Norte de Nicaragua. Conforman un mosaico submarino de arrecifes marginales, arrecifes de parche, lejanas crestas arrecifales orientadas de norte a sur, lechos de pastos marinos, algas y jardines de octocorales. Los corales son una clase de colonia de animales que se relacionan con los hidrozoos, las medusas y las anémonas de mar. Se ha diagnosticado el estado de salud de estos arrecifes coralinos, tomando como bioindicadores el estado de las colonias de corales marinos, la cobertura de algas carnosas, la diversidad y abundancia de peces herbívoros y peces de interés comercial. El estudio es cuantitativo y la evaluación se realizó a través del método transeptos lineales. Para esto se realizaron muestreos a través de buceo en 18 arrecifes coralinos preseleccionados, con un esfuerzo de dos transeptos de 30 metros de longitud en cada uno de esos arrecifes. El 50% de los arrecifes muestreados presentan de buena a muy buena la condición de salud; el 33% presentan condición regular; mientras el 17% se encuentran en condición de mal a crítico. En general los resultados son satisfactorios, ya que los arrecifes de coral en cayos miskitos mantienen la función y estructura, proporcionando altos valores de biodiversidad acuática que favorecen el trabajo y alimentación de las comunidades indígenas costeras, las que toda su vida ha sobrevivido de sus bondades. ¿cuáles son las propuestas de mejorar la autostenibilidad?
Afectaciones antropogénicas al ecosistema manglar en la zona costera de la comunidad de Pearl Lagon, municipio Laguna de Perlas
Authors: Hernandez Centeno Luvy , Fox Cuthbert Kenneth , Rivas Suazo Enoc
Published: September 2019

La comunidad de Pearl Lagoon está localizada en el Municipio de Laguna de Perlas en la Región Autónoma de la Costa Caribe Sur Nicaragüense, en la orilla de la laguna más grande de país y la segunda más grande de las Américas, con una extensión de 532 Km2. En su entorno interactúan varios ecosistemas incluido los manglares, que tienen muchas funciones para especies acuícolas, terrestres y aéreas como uno de su principal hábitat. La presente investigación trata de identificar las actividades antropogénicas que se realizan en los manglares y sus afectaciones al ecosistema, además de proponer medidas de protección permitiendo al ecosistema regenerarse para seguir brindando los servicios ecosistémicos a la fauna y flora, así como al ser humano y sus comunidades. Se recolectó información relevante a través de entrevistas, documentación bibliográfica y visitas a los manglares, con el fin de realizar observaciones directas del ecosistema para determinar las afectaciones antropogénicas y comparar con lo detallado por las personas entrevistadas. Se determinó que las afectaciones antropogénicas han causado el deterioro de los mangles de la comunidad de Pearl Lagoon, sin embargo, aducen los comunitarios que el uso de estos se ha reducido porque han recibido talleres y charlas de concientización relacionadas a la importancia de la conservación de los manglares. En este contexto se recomienda algunas medidas adicionales de conservación del ecosistema de mangle
Factores de conversión del pepino del mar
Authors: Montenegro Hurtado Brianda , Williams Smith Donald
Published: September 2019

El pepino del mar (Holotúridas), se ha convertido en un nuevo producto de exportación de Nicaragua, cobrando auge comercial cada vez mayor y han sido sujeto a la explotación comercial que promueven una fuente significativa de empleo e ingresos a comunidades costeras del Caribe Norte de Nicaragua. El estudio es cuantitativo con carácter descriptivo de corte transversal con una duración de 3 meses. Se estudiaron los factores de conversión de tres especies de Holotúridas realizados por el Instituto Nicaragüense de Pesca y Acuicultura en la ciudad de Bilwi, de marzo a mayo del 2017; para ello, la muestra poblacional fue de 95 individuos vivos de las cuales 31 individuos de Holothuria floridana, 64 individuos de Isostichopus badionotus y 69 individuos de Holothuria mexicana obteniendo un peso total de 51.72 libras de ejemplares frescos con vísceras y el porcentaje de reducción de peso debido a los diferentes procesos que lleva el pepino del mar para llegar hasta su conversión final (peso seco), fue de la siguiente; para la primera especie fue de 91.96 % de pérdida de su peso inicial, para la segunda fue de 96.11% de pérdida de su peso inicial y 91.30% para la tercera especie.
Análisis multitemporal de la cobertura de manglar en la Reserva Cayos Miskitos, 2006-2017
Authors: Salas T Rudy Alexander , Olivas Castro Walter José , Williamson Cuthbert Marcos
Published: September 2019

Este estudio ha analizado el cambio de coberturas de los manglares de la Reserva Cayos Miskitus por efectos del huracán Félix de categoría 5 según la escala Saffir-Simpson, que   impactó en la Costa Caribe de Nicaragua en el 2007, mediante el análisis digital de imágenes de satélites Landsat para los años 2006, 2012 y 2017. Se evaluaron las condiciones recientes y las tendencias de cambio, estimándose una reducción de aproximadamente 1,783.2 hectáreas del bosque de mangle para el período. Se analizaron los cambios de la cobertura con métricas del paisaje estimadas a partir de los mapas de cobertura de manglar generados para cada fecha. Los resultados indican un incremento en el número de parches y una reducción del tamaño de las masas boscosa del conjunto de islas y cayos, así como variaciones de los valores de índice de partición, que indican una cobertura fragmentada. A partir de los resultados del 2017 se evaluó el impacto sobre los patrones espaciales del manglar producto del huracán. A nivel de islotes y cayos encontrándose que el mayor impacto sobre el manglar se observó en la isla mayor de los Cayos Miskitus, donde la cobertura se redujo 1762 hectáreas, presentando además valores de las métricas del paisaje que señalan incremento en los procesos de fragmentación.
La biomasa de las lagunas costeras de la reserva de los Cayos Miskitos
Authors: Williams Smith Donald , Chavarría Smith Delrin , Williamson Cuthbert Marcos
Published: September 2019

El estudio de la biomasa íctica de las lagunas costeras fue realizado en las lagunas costeras de Bihmuna, Pahara, Wounhta y Karatá. Tuvo como propósito determinar la biomasa presente de los recursos pesqueros existente en las cuatro lagunas estudiadas en la época de verano e invierno y abordar la problemática actual que existe en estas lagunas para la regulación pesquera. Este estudio de corte cuantitativo utilizó cuatro unidades de muestreos (atarraya, redes agalleras, red de cerco y aro jaibero) y de manera aleatoria al azar fueron seleccionado los puntos de muestreos en las lagunas; los cuales fueron por un periodo de tiempo de 24 horas (diurno y nocturno), donde se utilizaron diferentes aperos de pesca. En relación a los resultados, la biomasa de las lagunas fue mayor en invierno; mientras. que en el verano hubo mayor presencia de individuos en estados juveniles y pre juveniles. En el muestreo de verano hubo captura de peneidos en la laguna de Bihmuna y Karatá donde los individuos capturados en su mayor parte eran de estado de madurez pre juvenil. Es importante mencionar que la laguna de Bihmuna en la época de invierno hubo presencia de peneidos; esto se debe por la circulación de sales disueltas en el agua que es producto de la entrada de agua del océano que ingresa en esta laguna a través de las dos desembocaduras que presenta.
Assessing localization impact on land values: a spatial hedonic study
Authors: Guadalajara Natividad , Caballer María-Teresa , Osca Jose M.
Published: September 2019

Aim of study: To obtain spatial land valuing models using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), which collect spatial autocorrelation and improve the conventional models estimated by OLS (Ordinary Least Squares) to determine and quantify the factors explaining these values.Area of study: The Spanish Autonomous Community of Aragón, Spain.Material and methods: The mean land values per municipality and the land uses published by the Aragonese Statistics Institute were used, as well as the geographic, agricultural, demographic, economic and orographic characteristics of these municipalities. The Spatial Lag Model and the Spatial Error Model were compared with OLS in general terms and for uses.Main results: The statistics (R2, log likelihood, Akaike’s information criterion, Schwarz’s criterion) demonstrated that spatial models always outperformed conventional models. The tests based on the Lagrange Multiplier and Likelihood Ratio tests were significant at 99%. The importance of both agricultural and non-agricultural factors for determining the arable land value was confirmed. The land value increased with irrigation availability (by a mean of 2.2-fold for the set of all land uses), plot size (by 5.7% for each 1 ha increase), population size, income and location in nature reserves (11.02-12.89%).Research highlights: Results indicate the need to develop spatial models when modeling land prices by implementing GIS.
Endolymphatic Hydrops, Evaluated Using 3T MRI in Patients with Clinically Confirmed Meniere Disease
Authors: Jasińska Agnieszka , Wnuk Emilia , Pierchała Katarzyna , Niemczyk Kazimierz
Published: September 2019

Ménière’s disease (MD) is characterized by intermittent episodes of vertigo with fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, and aural fullness. Despite numerous studies, the etiology of this disorder remains poorly understood and thus diagnostic criteria are mainly clinical. Development and progress in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, in 2007, has enabled visualization of endolymphatic hydrops, which was the milestone achievement. We present two cases of patients with clinically confirmed MD with a set of audiological, otoneurological examinations and MRI performed. Structures of the inner ear were visualized using contrast-enhanced MR imaging after a 4-hour delayed intravenous gadolinium administration. The cochlea and vestibule were evaluated separately and classified using Barath grading scale. Endolymphatic hydrops in the clinically affected ears was confirmed using MRI. Due to disabling and intractable MD, a decision about vestibular neurectomy was made.
THE APPLICATION OF NEEDLE RADIOFREQUENCY FOR THE REDUCTION OF ACNE SCARS: A CASE STUDY.
Authors: Chilicka Karolina
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Report on the international Euro-CIU symposium on implant users in Wrocław – ‚The needs of hearing implant users in the modern world’
Authors: Bieńkowska Katarzyna Ita , Mierzwiński Józef , Gawłowska Maria Bratumiła , Mickiewicz Patrycja , Kida Michał
Published: September 2019

From 25th to 27th of April, 2019 for the first time in Poland, the 12th International EURO-CIU Symposium (European CochlearImplant Users Association) took place in Wrocław. Representatives of doctors, implanted patients and their families, hearing andspeech therapists, as well as government representatives discussed the needs of cochlear implant users in the modern world.
Pathogenesis of middle ear acquired cholesteatoma in the light of the research using high-throughput, “omics”, technologies of molecular biology
Authors: Makuszewska Maria , Bartoszewicz Robert , Niemczyk Kazimierz
Published: September 2019

Cholesteatoma is described as cystic lesion consisting of keratinizing squamous cell epithelium, filed with keratin debris, surrounded by inflammatory fibrous tissue, gradually expanding in the middle ear and causing destruction of neighboring bones. This paper presents brief review of existing hypotheses explaining its etiology in the light of the researches using high-throughput, “omics”, technologies of molecular biology. Classic theories of pathogenesis of acquired cholesteatoma as: immigration, squamous metaplasia, basal cell hyperplasia or invagination theory have not been able to explain fully all pathological processes observed in cholesteatoma tissue. This also concerns the newer concepts that cholesteatoma is a result of mucosal traction generated by interaction of migrating opposing surfaces, a natural attempt by the body to cure the underlying inflammation in the cavity or chronic wound healing process triggered by micro defects in the basement membrane of the epithelium in the retraction pocket. Introduction of high-throughput, “omics”, technologies of molecular biology to the studies under cholesteatoma pathogenesis allowed identification of cholesteatoma-related gene expression signatures using full-genome microarrays as well as proteomic analysis of cholesteatoma. This studies confirmed known pathological processes observed in cholesteatoma tissue such as: high proliferative activity, decreased signal transduction, active immunological response, alterations in the extracellular matrix, increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines, neovascularization and may others. This techniques allow precise and complete view of molecular mechanisms in those processes. However it is still unknown what is the cause that trigger epithelial hyperplasia, inhibited migration and inflammatory response in the preexisting retraction pocket.
Daily Tuppers, aplicación web responsive de recetas de tuppers
Authors: Fernández Mingote Laura
Published: September 2019

TFG de una aplicación web responsive que permite almacenar, consultar y compartir recetas de tuppers.
Mamo decodes hierarchical temporal gradients into terminal neuronal fate
Authors: Liu Ling-Yu , Long Xi , Yang Ching-Po , Miyares Rosa L , Sugino Ken , Singer Robert H , Lee Tzumin
Published: September 2019

Temporal patterning is a seminal method of expanding neuronal diversity. Here we unravel a mechanism decoding neural stem cell temporal gene expression and transforming it into discrete neuronal fates. This mechanism is characterized by hierarchical gene expression. First, Drosophila neuroblasts express opposing temporal gradients of RNA-binding proteins, Imp and Syp. These proteins promote or inhibit chinmo translation, yielding a descending neuronal gradient. Together, first and second-layer temporal factors define a temporal expression window of BTB-zinc finger nuclear protein, Mamo. The precise temporal induction of Mamo is achieved via both transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation. Finally, Mamo is essential for the temporally defined, terminal identity of α’/β’ mushroom body neurons and identity maintenance. We describe a straightforward paradigm of temporal fate specification where diverse neuronal fates are defined via integrating multiple layers of gene regulation. The neurodevelopmental roles of orthologous/related mammalian genes suggest a fundamental conservation of this mechanism in brain development.
The NKCC1 antagonist bumetanide mitigates interneuronopathy associated with ethanol exposure in utero
Authors: Skorput Alexander GJ , Lee Stephanie M , Yeh Pamela WL , Yeh Hermes H
Published: September 2019

Prenatal exposure to ethanol induces aberrant tangential migration of corticopetal GABAergic interneurons, and long-term alterations in the form and function of the prefrontal cortex. We have hypothesized that interneuronopathy contributes significantly to the pathoetiology of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). Activity-dependent tangential migration of GABAergic cortical neurons is driven by depolarizing responses to ambient GABA present in the cortical enclave. We found that ethanol exposure potentiates the depolarizing action of GABA in GABAergic cortical interneurons of the embryonic mouse brain. Pharmacological antagonism of the cotransporter NKCC1 mitigated ethanol-induced potentiation of GABA depolarization and prevented aberrant patterns of tangential migration induced by ethanol in vitro. In a model of FASD, maternal bumetanide treatment prevented interneuronopathy in the prefrontal cortex of ethanol exposed offspring, including deficits in behavioral flexibility. These findings position interneuronopathy as a mechanism of FASD symptomatology, and posit NKCC1 as a pharmacological target for the management of FASD.
TRAIP drives replisome disassembly and mitotic DNA repair synthesis at sites of incomplete DNA replication
Authors: Sonneville Remi , Bhowmick Rahul , Hoffmann Saskia , Mailand Niels , Hickson Ian D , Labib Karim
Published: September 2019

The faithful segregation of eukaryotic chromosomes in mitosis requires that the genome be duplicated completely prior to anaphase. However, cells with large genomes sometimes fail to complete replication during interphase and instead enter mitosis with regions of incompletely replicated DNA. These regions are processed in early mitosis via a process known as mitotic DNA repair synthesis (MiDAS), but little is known about how cells switch from conventional DNA replication to MiDAS. Using the early embryo of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a model system, we show that the TRAIP ubiquitin ligase drives replisome disassembly in response to incomplete DNA replication, thereby providing access to replication forks for other factors. Moreover, TRAIP is essential for MiDAS in human cells, and is important in both systems to prevent mitotic segregation errors. Our data indicate that TRAIP is a master regulator of the processing of incomplete DNA replication during mitosis in metazoa.
Optical dopamine monitoring with dLight1 reveals mesolimbic phenotypes in a mouse model of neurofibromatosis type 1
Authors: Robinson J Elliott , Coughlin Gerard M , Hori Acacia M , Cho Jounhong Ryan , Mackey Elisha D , Turan Zeynep , Patriarchi Tommaso , Tian Lin , Gradinaru Viviana
Published: September 2019

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant disorder whose neurodevelopmental symptoms include impaired executive function, attention, and spatial learning and could be due to perturbed mesolimbic dopaminergic circuitry. However, these circuits have never been directly assayed in vivo. We employed the genetically encoded optical dopamine sensor dLight1 to monitor dopaminergic neurotransmission in the ventral striatum of NF1 mice during motivated behavior. Additionally, we developed novel systemic AAV vectors to facilitate morphological reconstruction of dopaminergic populations in cleared tissue. We found that NF1 mice exhibit reduced spontaneous dopaminergic neurotransmission that was associated with excitation/inhibition imbalance in the ventral tegmental area and abnormal neuronal morphology. NF1 mice also had more robust dopaminergic and behavioral responses to salient visual stimuli, which were independent of learning, and rescued by optogenetic inhibition of non-dopaminergic neurons in the VTA. Overall, these studies provide a first in vivo characterization of dopaminergic circuit function in the context of NF1 and reveal novel pathophysiological mechanisms.
Effect of radiotherapy on the gut microbiome in pediatric cancer patients: a pilot study
Authors: Sahly Nourhan , Moustafa Ahmed , Zaghloul Mohamed , Salem Tamer Z.
Published: September 2019

The incidence of pediatric cancer is lower than that of adult cancer worldwide. However, the former has detrimental side effects on the health of individuals, even after the cancer is cured, due to the impact of treatment on development. Recently, correlations have been made between the gut microbiome and cancer in several studies but only on adult participants. There is always a complication of dealing with pediatric cancer treatment protocols because they usually include a combination of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and intensive prophylactic antibiotics. In the current study, a pilot study was conducted to analyze ten fecal samples from three pediatric cancer patients, suffering from rhabdomyosarcoma near their pelvic region, and two healthy individuals. A correlation between microbial composition and response to treatment was reported, in which the responders had generally a lower microbial diversity compared to non-responders. In addition, nucleotide changes and deletions in the tested 16S rRNA sequences post radiotherapy were detected. Despite the small sample size used in the experiments due to the uncommon rhabdomyosarcoma in children, the results can help in understanding the influence of radiotherapy on the gut microbiome in pediatric cancer patients. More work with larger sample size and different cancer types need to be conducted to understand the influence of radiotherapy on gut microbiome to mitigate the deleterious impact of radiation on treated children.
Metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 (TIMP‐1) promotes receptor tyrosine kinase c‐Kit signaling in colorectal cancer
Authors: Nordgaard Cathrine , Doll Sophia , Matos Ana Laura de Souza Almeida , Høeberg Mikkel , Kazi Julhash Uddin , Friis Stine , Stenvang Jan , Rönnstrand Lars , Mann Matthias , Manuel Afonso Moreira José
Published: September 2019

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer worldwide causing an estimated 700 000 deaths annually. Different types of treatment are available for patients with advanced metastatic colorectal cancer, including targeted biological agents, such as cetuximab, a monoclonal antibody that targets EGFR. We have previously reported a study indicating multiple levels of interaction between metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 (TIMP‐1) and the epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling axis, which could explain how TIMP‐1 levels can affect the antitumor effects of EGFR inhibitors. We also reported an association between TIMP‐1‐mediated cell invasive behavior and KRAS status. To gain insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of TIMP‐1 in CRC, we examined by transcriptomics, proteomics, and kinase activity profiling a matched pair of isogenic human CRC isogenic DLD‐1 CRC cell clones, bearing either an hemizygous KRAS wild‐type allele or KRAS G13D mutant allele, exposed, or not, to TIMP‐1. Omics analysis of the two cell lines identified the receptor tyrosine kinase c‐Kit, a proto‐oncogene that can modulate cell proliferation and invasion in CRC, as a target for TIMP‐1. We found that exposure of DLD‐1 CRC cells to exogenously added TIMP‐1 promoted phosphorylation of c‐Kit, indicative of a stimulatory effect of TIMP‐1 on the c‐Kit signaling axis. In addition, TIMP‐1 inhibited c‐Kit shedding in CRC cells grown in the presence of exogenous TIMP‐1. Given the regulatory roles that c‐Kit plays in cell proliferation and migration, and the realization that c‐Kit is an important oncogene in CRC, it is likely that some of the biological effects of TIMP‐1 overexpression in CRC may be exerted through its effect on c‐Kit signaling.
Identification of Eph receptor signaling as a regulator of autophagy and a therapeutic target in colorectal carcinoma
Authors: DiPrima Michael , Wang Dunrui , Tröster Alix , Maric Dragan , Terrades‐Garcia Nekane , Ha Taekyu , Kwak Hyeongil , Sanchez‐Martin David , Kudlinzki Denis , Schwalbe Harald , Tosato Giovanna
Published: September 2019

Advanced colorectal carcinoma is currently incurable, and new therapies are urgently needed. We report that phosphotyrosine‐dependent Eph receptor signaling sustains colorectal carcinoma cell survival, thereby uncovering a survival pathway active in colorectal carcinoma cells. We find that genetic and biochemical inhibition of Eph tyrosine kinase activity or depletion of the Eph ligand EphrinB2 reproducibly induces colorectal carcinoma cell death by autophagy. Spautin and 3‐methyladenine, inhibitors of early steps in the autophagic pathway, significantly reduce autophagy‐mediated cell death that follows inhibition of phosphotyrosine‐dependent Eph signaling in colorectal cancer cells. A small‐molecule inhibitor of the Eph kinase, NVP‐BHG712 or its regioisomer NVP‐Iso, reduces human colorectal cancer cell growth in vitro and tumor growth in mice. Colorectal cancers express the EphrinB ligand and its Eph receptors at significantly higher levels than numerous other cancer types, supporting Eph signaling inhibition as a potential new strategy for the broad treatment of colorectal carcinoma.
Precise Extraction of Charge Carrier Mobility for Organic Transistors
Authors: Xu Yong , Li Yun , Li Songlin , Balestra Francis , Ghibaudo Gerard , Li Wenwu , Lin Yen‐Fu , Sun Huabin , Wan Jing , Wang Xinran , Guo Yufeng , Shi Yi , Noh Yong‐Young
Published: September 2019

Unreliable mobility values, and particularly greatly overestimated values and severely distorted temperature dependences, have recently hampered the development of the organic transistor field. Given that organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) have been routinely used to evaluate mobility, precise parameter extraction using the electrical properties of OFETs is thus of primary importance. This review examines the origins of the various mobilities that must be determined for OFET applications, the relevant extraction methods, and the data selection limitations, which help in avoiding conceptual errors during mobility extraction. For increased precision, the review also discusses device fabrication considerations, calibration of both the specific gate‐dielectric capacitance and the threshold voltage, the contact effects, and the bias and temperature dependences, which must actually be handled with great care but have mostly been overlooked to date. This review serves as a systematic overview of the OFET mobility extraction process to ensure high precision and will also aid in improving future research.
Controlled Micro/Nanodome Formation in Proton‐Irradiated Bulk Transition‐Metal Dichalcogenides
Authors: Tedeschi Davide , Blundo Elena , Felici Marco , Pettinari Giorgio , Liu Boqing , Yildrim Tanju , Petroni Elisa , Zhang Chris , Zhu Yi , Sennato Simona , Lu Yuerui , Polimeni Antonio
Published: September 2019

At the few‐atom‐thick limit, transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) exhibit strongly interconnected structural and optoelectronic properties. The possibility to tailor the latter by controlling the former is expected to have a great impact on applied and fundamental research. As shown here, proton irradiation deeply affects the surface morphology of bulk TMD crystals. Protons penetrate the top layer, resulting in the production and progressive accumulation of molecular hydrogen in the first interlayer region. This leads to the blistering of one‐monolayer thick domes, which stud the crystal surface and locally turn the dark bulk material into an efficient light emitter. The domes are stable (>2‐year lifetime) and robust, and host strong, complex strain fields. Lithographic techniques provide a means to engineer the formation process so that the domes can be produced with well‐ordered positions and sizes tunable from the nanometer to the micrometer scale, with important prospects for so far unattainable applications.
Managing Energy Loss in Inorganic Lead Halide Perovskites Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Chongming , Zeng Qingsen , Yang Bai
Published: September 2019

Though the cesium‐based inorganic perovskite solar cells (IPSCs) have developed rapidly in recent two years, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) is still far away from the Shockley–Queisser limit due to the large open‐circuit voltage (Voc) deficit, which results from the large energy loss (Eloss). Large Eloss has been a major obstacle for further efficiency improvement of IPSCs. In this review, the authors, for the first time, focus on investigating the Eloss of IPSCs and start from discussing the essence and origin of the Eloss. Then, the reported efficient methods for reducing the band tails and energy disorder are systematically summarized and reviewed, including crystallization optimization, defect passivation, and interface engineering. Finally, the authors offer an overall perspective on managing Eloss in IPSCs and point out the possible ways to reduce the Eloss and promote the efficiency. This review provides a basic understanding of Eloss and may inspire new designs or more impactful methods for further minimizing the Eloss of IPSCs.
A High‐Resolution Thin‐Film Fingerprint Sensor Using a Printed Organic Photodetector
Authors: Tordera Daniel , Peeters Bart , Akkerman Hylke B. , van Breemen Albert J. J. M. , Maas Joris , Shanmugam Santhosh , Kronemeijer Auke J. , Gelinck Gerwin H.
Published: September 2019

Organic photodetectors (OPDs) have attracted much attention in recent years, due to their promise in large‐area light sensing applications. Here, high‐resolution slot‐die‐coated large‐area bulk heterojunction organic photodiode (OPD) arrays are reported. The OPD uses a novel electron transport layer, indium gallium zinc oxide in combination with a molybdenum oxide top‐electrode. Together, these effectively reduce dark current densities to very low levels of ≈10−7 mA cm−2 at −2 V. The OPDs show linear behavior in a wide range of light intensities and high detectivity values under reverse bias conditions. When coated on a 508 ppi TFT backplane, a high‐quality optical fingerprint scanner capable of imaging in reflection is realized. The optical and electrical properties of the fingerprint sensor are characterized and high‐resolution fingerprint images are obtained.
Demonstration of Robust Plexcitonic Coupling in Organic Molecules‐Mediated Toroidal Meta‐Atoms
Authors: Ahmadivand Arash , Gerislioglu Burak , Ramezani Zeinab , Ghoreishi Seyyed Amir
Published: September 2019

Hybridized plexcitonic states are conventionally excited via robust coupling between resonantly coordinated plasmonic modes and molecular excitons. Here, numerical and experimental studies for the strong plexcitonic coupling and Rabi splitting of dynamic toroidal dipole moment in a plasmonic meta‐atom are presented. It is shown that introducing semiconductor PbS quantum dot aggregates, as a narrow gap semiconductor, with a bulk bandgap of 0.41 eV and a large exciton Bohr radius (tunable over the entire near‐infrared band) to the developed toroidal plasmonic metamaterial allows for the substantially strong plexcitonic coupling with the Rabi splitting of 150 meV in the near‐infrared wavelengths. By computing the density of states for photons, the enhancement in the intensity of the photoluminescence spectra is quantitatively and qualitatively demonstrated. The results verified the luminescence enhancement due to the strong near‐field coupling in the proposed unit cell, and cavity quantum electrodynamics Purcell effect. It is believed that this understanding paves a new method to study the plexcitonic coupling principle in nontraditional resonances and high‐order modes to employ them as novel approaches in the coming generation and modern nanophotonic technologies.
Electrical Properties of Solvated Tectomers: Toward Zettascale Computing
Authors: Chiolerio Alessandro , Draper Thomas C. , Jost Carsten , Adamatzky Andrew
Published: September 2019

Liquid cybernetic systems with embodied intelligence solutions mimicking biologic systems, in response to future increasingly distributed sensing and the resulting data to be managed, has been proposed as the next cybernetic paradigm. Storing and computing information inherently pushes research toward extremely high packing densities, shifting from classical into quantum (particle, molecular) physics, chemistry, and materials science with the drawback of requiring very expensive equipment and exotic matter or matter states. Solutions represent a cheap and easy‐to‐handle platform for data storage and readout in liquido, where a physical structure able to change configuration under electrical stimuli reversibly exchanges entropy with the external environment. Tectomers are proposed as a candidate for such an adaptive structure. A tectomer is an oligomer made of few oligoglycine units with a common center. Tectomers undergo pH dependent assembly to form a single layer supramer across a surface. Tectomers represent a stable paradigm, in their amorphous or crystalline forms, reversibly influenced by solution pH, whose electronic properties are studied herein. Through a reasonable hypothesis, how solvated cybernetic systems can be exploited in the rush for zettascale computing will be looked upon.
Development and characterization of microsatellite markers in Campomanesia adamantium, a native plant of the Cerrado ecoregions of South America
Authors: Crispim Bruno do Amaral , Déo Thamiris Gatti , Fernandes Juliana dos Santos , de Vasconcelos Adrielle Ayumi , Vieira Maria do Carmo , Carnevali Thiago de Oliveira , Bajay Miklos Maximiliano , Zucchi Maria Imaculada , Barufatti Alexeia
Published: September 2019

Premise

A novel set of nuclear microsatellite markers was developed and characterized for Campomanesia adamantium (Myrtaceae) and tested for cross‐amplification in the related species C. sessiliflora.

Methods and Results

Forty‐one primer pairs were designed for simple sequence repeat loci, of which 36 successfully amplified and were polymorphic. The number of alleles ranged from two to 14, with an average of 8.14 alleles per locus. Additionally, cross‐amplification was tested in C. sessiliflora; more than 55.5% of the microsatellite loci amplified, confirming the use of these microsatellite markers in a related species.

Conclusions

We developed a set of microsatellite markers that will be useful for future studies of genetic diversity and population structure of C. adamantium and a closely related species, which will aid in future conservation efforts.
Ermittlung von Teilsicherheitsbeiwerten bei Carbonbeton
Authors: Häußler‐Combe Ulrich , Weselek Jörg
Published: September 2019

Die Bemessung von Tragwerken erfolgt nach dem semiprobabilistischen Sicherheitskonzept mit der Trennung von Einwirkungs‐ und Widerstandsseite. Dabei werden die Teilsicherheitsbeiwerte für Beton und Betonstahl im Wesentlichen aufgrund umfangreicher Erfahrungswerte festgelegt. Somit wird auch ein allgemein akzeptiertes rechnerisches Zuverlässigkeitsniveau erreicht. Entsprechende Erfahrungswerte liegen für neue Bauarten wie dem Carbonbeton nicht vor. Damit ergibt sich für die Festlegung eines Teilsicherheitsbeiwerts ein Zielkonflikt. Einerseits darf er nicht zu gering sein, damit das erforderliche Zuverlässigkeitsniveau erreicht wird, andererseits aber auch nicht zu hoch, um die Wirtschaftlichkeit zu gewährleisten. Der Beitrag entwickelt einen methodisch schlüssigen Ansatz zur Ermittlung von Teilsicherheitsbeiwerten für Bauarten, für die nur geringe Erfahrungswerte hinsichtlich ihrer Zuverlässigkeit vorliegen. Vorausgesetzt wird die Kenntnis der statistischen Eigenschaften der Widerstandsseite des zugrunde liegenden Bemessungsmodells. Zur Bestimmung von Teilsicherheitsbeiwerten wird der semiprobabilistische Widerstandswert in Bezug zum probabilistischen Wert nach der First Order Reliability Method (FORM) gesetzt. Als Maßzahl des Zuverlässigkeitsniveaus wird daraus die sog. Zuverlässigkeitsreserve abgeleitet. Die Zuverlässigkeitsreserven der bewährten Stahlbetonbauweise werden schließlich als Bezugswert für den Teilsicherheitsbeiwert der Carbonbewehrung verwendet. Der Ansatz wird am Beispiel der Biegebemessung mit reiner Carbonbewehrung und gemischter Bewehrung veranschaulicht, ist aber grundsätzlich auch auf andere Bemessungssituationen anwendbar.
The Protein‐Coding Human Genome: Annotating High‐Hanging Fruits
Authors: Hatje Klas , Mühlhausen Stefanie , Simm Dominic , Kollmar Martin
Published: September 2019

The major transcript variants of human protein‐coding genes are annotated to a certain degree of accuracy combining manual curation, transcript data, and proteomics evidence. However, there is considerable disagreement on the annotation of about 2000 genes—they can be protein‐coding, noncoding, or pseudogenes—and on the annotation of most of the predicted alternative transcripts. Pure transcriptome mapping approaches seem to be limited in discriminating functional expression from noise. These limitations have partially been overcome by dedicated algorithms to detect alternative spliced micro‐exons and wobble splice variants. Recently, knowledge about splice mechanism and protein structure are incorporated into an algorithm to predict neighboring homologous exons, often spliced in a mutually exclusive manner. Predicted exons are evaluated by transcript data, structural compatibility, and evolutionary conservation, revealing hundreds of novel coding exons and splice mechanism re‐assignments. The emerging human pan‐genome is necessitating distinctive annotations incorporating differences between individuals and between populations.
Affinity Chromatography: An Enabling Technology for Large‐Scale Bioprocessing
Authors: Łącki Karol M. , Riske Frank J.
Published: September 2019

Affinity chromatography (AC) has been used in large‐scale bioprocessing for almost 40 years and is considered the preferred method for primary capture in downstream processing of various types of biopharmaceuticals. The objective of this mini‐review is to provide an overview of a) the history of bioprocess AC, b) the current state of platform processes based on affinity capture steps, c) the maturing field of custom developed bioprocess affinity resins, d) the advantages of affinity capture‐based downstream processing in comparison to other forms of chromatography, and e) the future direction for bioprocess scale AC. The use of AC can result in economic advantages by enabling the standardization of process development and the manufacturing processes and the use of continuous operations in flexible multiproduct production suites. These concepts are discussed from a growing field of custom affinity bioprocess resin perspective. The custom affinity resins not only address the need for a capture resin for non‐platformable processes, but also can be employed in polishing applications, where they are used to define and control drug substance composition by separating specific product variants from the desired product form.
Engineering the genetic components of a whole‐cell catalyst for improved enzymatic CO2 capture and utilization
Authors: Jo Byung Hoon , Moon Hyukjoon , Cha Hyung Joon
Published: September 2019

Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is a diffusion‐limited enzyme that rapidly catalyzes the hydration of carbon dioxide (CO2). CA has been proposed as an eco‐friendly yet powerful catalyst for CO2 capture and utilization. A bacterial whole‐cell biocatalyst equipped with periplasmic CA provides an option for a cost‐effective CO2‐capturing system. However, further utilization of the previously constructed periplasmic system has been limited by its relatively low activity and stability. Herein, we engineered three genetic components of the periplasmic system for the construction of a highly efficient whole‐cell catalyst: a CA‐coding gene, a signal sequence, and a ribosome‐binding site (RBS). A stable and halotolerant CA (hmCA) from the marine bacterium Hydrogenovibrio marinus was employed to improve both the activity and stability of the system. The improved secretion and folding of hmCA and increased membrane permeability were achieved by translocation via the Sec‐dependent pathway. The engineering of RBS strength further enhanced whole‐cell activity by improving both the secretion and folding of hmCA. The newly engineered biocatalyst displayed 5.7‐fold higher activity and 780‐fold higher stability at 60°C compared with those of the previously constructed periplasmic system, providing new opportunities for applications in CO2 capture and utilization.
Engineering inkjet bioprinting processes toward translational therapies
Authors: Angelopoulos Ioannis , Allenby Mark C. , Lim Mayasari , Zamorano Mauricio
Published: September 2019

Bioprinting is the assembly of three‐dimensional (3D) tissue constructs by layering cell‐laden biomaterials using additive manufacturing techniques, offering great potential for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Such a process can be performed with high resolution and control by personalized or commercially available inkjet printers. However, bioprinting's clinical translation is significantly limited due to process engineering challenges. Upstream challenges include synthesis, cellular incorporation, and functionalization of “bioinks,” and extrusion of print geometries. Downstream challenges address sterilization, culture, implantation, and degradation. In the long run, bioinks must provide a microenvironment to support cell growth, development, and maturation and must interact and integrate with the surrounding tissues after implantation. Additionally, a robust, scaleable manufacturing process must pass regulatory scrutiny from regulatory bodies such as U.S. Food and Drug Administration, European Medicines Agency, or Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration for bioprinting to have a real clinical impact. In this review, recent advances in inkjet‐based 3D bioprinting will be presented, emphasizing on biomaterials available, their properties, and the process to generate bioprinted constructs with application in medicine. Current challenges and the future path of bioprinting and bioinks will be addressed, with emphasis in mass production aspects and the regulatory framework bioink‐based products must comply to translate this technology from the bench to the clinic.
Metabolic modeling for predicting VFA production from protein‐rich substrates by mixed‐culture fermentation
Authors: Regueira Alberte , Lema Juan M. , Carballa Marta , Mauricio‐Iglesias Miguel
Published: September 2019

Proteinaceous organic wastes are suitable substrates to produce high added‐value products in anaerobic mixed‐culture fermentations. In these processes, the stoichiometry of the biotransformation depends highly on operational conditions such as pH or feeding characteristics and there are still no tools that allow the process to be directed toward those products of interest. Indeed, the lack of product selectivity strongly limits the potential industrial development of these bioprocesses. In this work, we developed a mathematical metabolic model for the production of volatile fatty acids from protein‐rich wastes. In particular, the effect of pH on the product yields is analyzed and, for the first time, the observed changes are mechanistically explained. The model reproduces experimental results at both neutral and acidic pH and it is also capable of predicting the tendencies in product yields observed with a pH drop. It also offers mechanistic insights into the interaction among the different amino acids (AAs) of a particular protein and how an AA might yield different products depending on the relative abundance of other AAs. Particular emphasis is placed on the utility of this mathematical model as a process design tool and different examples are given on how to use the model for this purpose.
Hierarchical Multiporous Nickel for Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Alkaline Media
Authors: Assavapanumat Sunpet , Ketkaew Marisa , Garrigue Patrick , Lapeyre Véronique , Reculusa Stéphane , Wattanakit Chularat , Kuhn Alexander
Published: September 2019

Electrochemical water splitting is a crucially important process for energy conversion and storage. In this context, we report the synthesis of hierarchical multiporous nickel nanosheets obtained by a templated two‐step electrodeposition of nickel in the presence of silica beads and an assembly of nonionic surfactant in order to generate a combined macro‐ and mesoporous structure. Interestingly, the synergistic effect of these highly ordered meso‐ and macroporous structures promotes the catalytic performance for oxygen evolution reaction with one order of magnitude higher current densities and a better stability of the electrodes compared to flat nickel or electrodes having a single type of porosity. This example illustrates a promising strategy for the rational design of high‐performance porous metals, not only in the frame of water electrolysis, but also for other electrocatalytic applications.
Hyperstar Polyester‐Based Functional Nanotheranostics for the Targeted Drug Delivery and Treatment of Cancer
Authors: Alnasser Riyadh , Shaw Zachary , Santra Santimukul
Published: September 2019

In this study, we have synthesized new class of hyperstar polyester (HSPE) polymer using a functional A2B monomer and bio‐based sorbitol. We hypothesize that by incorporating sorbitol, its amphiphilic nature will give the polymer greater solubility and allow for the encapsulation of wide range of anti‐cancer therapeutics. We used potassium methoxide to catalyze the melt polymerization reaction. Using the solvent diffusion method, this polymer was used to construct polymeric nanoparticles to encapsulate therapeutics, in one step, for monitoring drug delivery and treatment. The cytotoxicity of our HSPE nanoparticles was evaluated by a cell‐based MTT assays using prostate cancer cells (LNCaP) and healthy cells (CHO). In addition, the level of internalization of our HSPE nanoparticles was evaluated using fluorescence microscopy. Results showed the HSPE nanoparticles have the capability to target and concurrently image and kill cancer cells. Taken together, these studies indicate the successful development of a new drug delivery system and demonstrated its potential use in the pharmaceutical industry and the field of medicine.