bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Community Perspectives on Justice, Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion in Ocean Sciences: A Town Hall Discussion
Authors:   University of South Carolina, Meyer-Gutbrod Erin , Pierson James , Behl Mona
Published: December 2022

Professional and scientific societies are increasingly engaging in efforts to create a science community that manifests justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion (JEDI). However, progress assessment is challenging, and opportunities for community feedback are limited. During the 2022 Ocean Sciences Meeting, the Oceanography Society (TOS) JEDI committee led an interactive Town Hall to collect feedback from conference participants and TOS membership on three themes: challenges, initiatives, and opportunities related to advancing JEDI in ocean sciences. This Town Hall was preceded by a survey that was administered to the TOS membership. Survey respondents and Town Hall participants provided valuable observations and synthesis on the past, present, and future of JEDI work in ocean sciences. Discussion included both positive efforts and outcomes of JEDI work as well as harmful and ineffective practices. This paper synthesizes feedback received and highlights ways in which the ocean sciences community and professional and scientific societies can advance similar work. Gatekeeping, a system of implicit or explicit cultural and institutional constraints to and requirements for entry into a field, was identified as the most significant challenge to diversifying the ocean sciences. The majority of survey respondents agreed that efforts to broaden participation have been successful, and identified specific initiatives that have been effective, including the development and support of mentorship and training programs and partnerships with minority-serving institutions. Some challenges to advancing JEDI initiatives include targeted recruitment from the most “elite” institutions and “parachute science.” Respondents agreed that professional and scientific societies have an important role to play in advancing JEDI in ocean sciences. Participants discussed strategies to broaden participation, including efforts that can be employed by professional and scientific societies such as regular data collection on demographics, improved information sharing, and stricter codes of conduct at professional meetings. We conclude by summarizing some new TOS-led initiatives that are designed to promote JEDI in ocean sciences and beyond.
The Principle of Interpretation of Gravity Data Using Second Vertical Derivative Method
Authors: Alhassan Ahmad , Aliyu Auwal
Published: December 2022

This chapter is aimed at demonstrating how the second vertical derivative method is been applied to gravity data for subsurface delineation. Satellite gravity data of some part of Northern Nigeria that lie between latitude 11°–13°E and longitude 8°–14°N obtained from Bureau Gravimetrique International (BGI) were used for demonstration. The Bouguer graph was plotted using surfer software. The second vertical derivative graph was also plotted. Very low gravity anomalies are observed on the Bouguer map, which recommends the presence of sedimentary rocks which have low density. The result of the second vertical derivative method has improved weaker local anomalies, defined the edges of geologically anomalous density distributions, and identified geologic units. This is a clear implication that the second vertical derivative is very important in subsurface delineation.
Eco-Sustainable Catalytic System for Green Oxidation of Spirostanic Alcohols Using Hypervalent Iodine (III) Tempo-4-n-Acetoxyamine System
Authors: Cruel Sigüenza Joseph , Bernal Villavicencio Carla , Elizabeth Canchingre María , Durán García Christie , E. Tacoronte Juan
Published: December 2022

The oxidation of the 3β-hydroxy group in the steroidal substrates obtained from naturally occurring sources, i.e., solanaceae steroidal sapogenins, is an important process in the preparation of ecdysteroid analogs. The need for selective green oxidation methodologies for steroidal alcohols (spirostenols, diosgenine, and derivatives) avoid the use of toxic Cr (VI) derivatives, without the isomerization of the double bond at 5,6 position and also without the oxidative cleavage of the spirocetal moiety is of great methodological significance. Herein, we report the oxidation of spirostanic steroidal alcohols to their carbonyl analogs using hypervalent iodine (III)/TEMPO-4-N-acetoxyamine system. The present method is simple, eco-sustainable, efficient, and high-yielding process for the oxidative transformation of secondary steroidal alcohols without any over-oxidation, isomerization of the double bond, or oxidative cleavage of spirocetalic fragment in different substrates. Therefore, this method does not involve toxic heavy metals and is expected to have wide utility in the oxidation process of these compounds.
Early Childhood: Enriched Environments and Roles of Caring Adults
Authors: Mignaton Analía
Published: December 2022

In recent years, with the arrival of the pandemic, children and families have had to reduce their exchange environments. It has been necessary to reconfigure play spaces at home, redefine the roles of adult caregivers, and plan strategies to accompany early childhood without digital screens being the only option to explore and discover the world. The enriched environments are a game and exchange proposal to support the role of the adult who cares for young children. The care systems that are offered are based on stimulating functions and leave aside fundamental actions, such as interacting and perceiving sensitive transformations in the exchange with the little ones. Prioritizing these early interactions favors children’s learning and play if they are supported by social and cultural educational spaces that include the entire community as a basis for meeting and collaborative care.
Emergent Chemistry: Using Visualizations to Develop Abstract Thinking and a Sense of Scale within the Preschool Setting
Authors: Adbo Karina
Published: December 2022

This chapter is a summary of 5-years of research regarding children’s emerging abstract concepts. A longitudinal study focusing on children’s conversations during a series of activities with a chemistry focus was designed and implemented. Results show that practical experience with magnifying glasses, microscopes, and the deconstruction of several items did not provide enough backdrop for the children to imagine what an even smaller world would look like. Instead, the children applied their experiences from the macroscopic world to describe what they saw. It was not until aminations, zooming in from the macroscopic to the atomic and molecular levels were used that the children’s concept of small began to develop. Results show that the next stage of concept development, besides using descriptions from everyday experiences was the realization these were new experiences, that it was in fact something new they were seeing. Animation technology also helped the children realize that atoms and molecules are everywhere in everything, suggesting that the time elapsed between the transition from the macroscopic level to the submicroscopic level also provided the children with a sense of scale.
Recent Results on Some Word Oriented Stream Ciphers: SNOW 1.0, SNOW 2.0 and SNOW 3G
Authors: Nandi Subrata , Krishnaswamy Srinivasan , Mitra Pinaki
Published: December 2022

In this chapter, we have studied three word-oriented stream ciphers SNOW 1.0, SNOW 2.0 and SNOW 3G in a detailed way. The detailed description includes the working principles of each cipher, security vulnerabilities and implementation issues. It also helps us to study the challenges in each cipher. As SNOW 3G is used as a confidentiality and integrity component in 3G, 4G and 5G communications, the after study of this article may instigate the reader to find the fixes from different cryptanalysis and also find a new suitable design in Mobile telephony security.
Thin Film Solution Processable Perovskite Solar Cell
Authors: Jagdishbhai Patel Mayur , Baishya Himangshu , Kant Gupta Ritesh , Garai Rabindranath , Krishnan Iyer Parameswar
Published: December 2022

Perovskite has emerged as a promising light-harvesting material for solar cells due to its higher absorption coefficient, bandgap tunability, low-exciton binding energy, and long carrier diffusion length. These lead to high power conversion efficiency >25% for thin film-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Additionally, PSCs can be fabricated through simple and cost-effective solution processable techniques, which make this technology more advantageous over the current photovoltaic technologies. Several solution-processable methods have been developed for fabrication of PSCs. In this chapter, the advantages and disadvantages of various solution processable techniques and their scope for large-scale commercialization will be discussed.
Refractories for the Metallurgy of Copper
Authors: Yurkov Andrey
Published: December 2022

Copper in the molten state is a rather reactive metal, and it interacts with the refractory lining of the furnaces, but the copper slags and copper matter are much more reactive. The processes in primary metallurgy of copper (purification of copper matte to blister copper) and secondary metallurgy of copper (re-melting of cathode copper and alloying) differ. The processes in primary metallurgy of copper have big differences, as a consequence, the types of furnaces in primary copper metallurgy have considerable peculiarities. However, in reverberatory, flash, electric furnaces and convertors the refractories are more or less similar. In re-melting furnaces, there are principally other silicon carbide-based refractories. A short description of the most common refractories, used in the furnaces and runners, corrosion behavior of refractories in contact with the molten slag and molten copper, corrosion resistance and corrosion tests, are made. There are some words about the service lifetime of the furnaces and repairs with a respect to corrosion testing and structure of refractories, and the possibilities of improving the service lifetime on refractories in the furnaces.
Principles for the Production of Tomatoes in the Greenhouse
Authors: Olabisi Olatunji , Nofiu Akeem
Published: December 2022

Greenhouse technology is the technique of regulating the environmental factors for the benefit of the plant (tomato) under protective cultivation. Production of tomatoes in the greenhouse involves two stages: nursery and greenhouse. In the nursery, the plants are seeded in small cavities of the nursery tray and arranged in the nursery chamber or a small-sized tunnel where they are given maximum care. At 3–4 weeks after seeding, when they must have developed four true leaves and a well-developed root system, the seedlings are transplanted into the bigger tunnel. The transplants are given water through drip irrigation. The nutrients are supplied through fertigation in the required quantity and concentration. Pest control is done by integrated pest management system (a combination of physical, biological, and sometimes chemical control).
Fractionation of Lignin for Valorization
Authors: Li Zhenglun
Published: December 2022

Biorefining produces technical lignins that are not readily usable as a precursor for the production of value-added materials and chemicals, thus yielding a technological gap in complete utilization of lignocellulosic biomass. Various processes have been developed and demonstrated for fractionation of technical lignins, with the purpose of increasing the suitability of technical lignins as a precursor for commercial production of fuels and chemicals. Fractionation of lignins reduces the amount of impurities and generates lignin streams with smaller internal variations in chemical and structural properties. Examples of such processes, including membrane filtration, solvent extraction, and acid gradient precipitation, are reviewed in this chapter.
Trace Element Determination in Medicinal Plant Samples by ED-XRF Analysis
Authors: A. Yelmate Archana , S. Thonte Sanjay , L. Satpute Kranti
Published: December 2022

The main objective of this study is to determine the concentration of trace elements in selected medicinal plants which are used for the treatment of dermal diseases. The trace element analysis was carried out in Trigonella foenum-graecum, Azadirachta indica, Vitex nigundo, and Argemone mexicana, using ED-X-ray Florescence (XRF) technique. The experiments were carried out using 3MV pelletron accelerator. The elements K, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr., and Pb were identified in the sample. The elements K and Ca were present in maximum quantities. The relative concentrations of different elements in these medicinal plants have been given. All four plants contain trace elements of different concentrations in medicinal plants selected for this study. It is believed that the various trace elements present in the plants play an important role in the management of skin diseases. The present information will be helpful to prescribe the type of extract, dose, and mixture of these plants. The results justify that usage of these plants in the traditional systems of medicine for the treatment of skin diseases contains appropriate amounts of Fe, Zn, Cu, etc.
Optimal Conditions for Preparation of Perovskite Materials for Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Olaleru Akin , Kirui Joseph , Adekoya Olasoji , Maluta Eric
Published: December 2022

Several data on the preparation of perovskite crystals have been obtained because samples/devices were prepared using films of different qualities. Identifying optimal conditions for perovskite material synthesis and thin film preparation as well as optimizing the properties will go a long way in reducing the disparities in the data obtained. The optimal composition management of various elements of perovskite remains an outstanding research. The chapter will pave the way for the optimum design of the synthesis process of perovskite-based devices for better performance. Further still, the study provides basis for explaining the effective optimizations of synthesis conditions and material properties.
Cultivation of Tomato under Dehydration and Salinity Stress: Unravelling the Physiology and Alternative Tolerance Options
Authors: Maganizo Kamanga Rowland , Alois Ndakidemi Patrick
Published: December 2022

Tomato is an important fruit vegetable in the world, as a nutritional source and an income option for a majority of resource constrained households. However, tomato supply in developing countries is often fluctuating, with high scarcity in both supply and quality during rainy season. Unlike many crops, cultivation of tomato is a challenging task during rainy season, with high pest and disease infestation. Hence, dry season is the most favorable period for tomato cultivation. However, inadequate water supply poses a yet another significant hurdle, as the crop requires high soil moisture for optimum growth. According to a landmark study by FAO, Tomato has a yield response factor of 1.05, which signifies that a smaller decline in water uptake results into a proportionally larger decline in yield. Moreover, over the years, there have been increasing reports of soil salinization, which imposes similar effects to drought stress through osmotic effects of Na+ in the soil solution and oxidative stress through excessive generation of reactive oxygen species. This chapter will dissect how tomato plants respond to these abiotic stress factors on physiological, anatomical, and molecular levels and suggest options to improve the crop’s productivity under these constraining environments.
Medical Nutrition Therapy for Type I Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Prakash Sah Om
Published: December 2022

Diabetes mellitus is described by high blood glucose level resulting from deficiencies in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Type 1 diabetes is a condition in which pancreatic beta-cell get destructed and leads to absolute insulin deficiency. Lack of insulin causes hyperglycemia, polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, body mass loss, dehydration, electrolyte disturbance, and ketoacidosis. MNT necessitates an individualized tactic and effective nutrition self-management education, recommendation, and support. A key component of MNT is the provision of adequate calories for normal growth and development for children and adolescents with T1DM. The patient should monitor their saccharide intake either through saccharide counting or meal planning exchange lists for flexibility and variety in meals. Saccharide intake from whole grains, vegetables, fruits, legumes, and dairy products, with an emphasis on foods higher in fiber and lower in glycaemic load, should be advised over other sources, especially those containing sugars. Saccharide counting is helpful for people with diabetes in managing blood glucose level by tracking the grams of saccharide consumed at meals. All persons with T1DM need a substitute of insulin that mimics normal insulin action. An insulin-to-saccharide ratio can be established for an individual that will guide determinations on the amount of mealtime insulin to infuse.
Evaluation of Electromagnetic Interferences Affecting Metallic Pipelines
Authors: Șteț Denisa , Czumbil Levente , Doru Micu Dan
Published: December 2022

This chapter presents some analysis of the modeling techniques used to evaluate the effects of electromagnetic interference phenomena that could occur when metallic pipelines are placed close to high-voltage power lines. The electric and magnetic fields produced by overhead power lines could perturb the normal operation of the metallic pipelines through induced currents and voltages. These perturbations could be dangerous for both pipeline operating personnel (as electrical hazard) and pipeline structural integrity (due to accelerated electrochemical corrosion phenomena). The chapter depicts the electromagnetic coupling mechanisms behind the abovementioned interference phenomena and how the induced voltages could be evaluated. A parametric analysis is showcased to highlight the influence of various geometrical and electrical parameters.
Perspective Chapter: Phytocompounds as Immunomodulators
Authors: Cherian Ayda , Vadivel Velmurugan
Published: December 2022

Healthy operation of every organ depends on immune cells. T-cells, B-cells, and natural killer cells that control the immune homeostasis. Immunotherapy includes the process by which immune cells are immunomodulated. Immunological responses can be induced by immunostimulants, amplified by immune boosters, attenuated by immunomodulators, and prevented by immunosuppressive agents, according to therapeutic techniques. The over-activation of the immune system is mostly to blame for the rise of chronic immunological illnesses such as viral infections, allergies, and cancer. Immunomodulators may also be used to control the severity of long-term immunological diseases. Additionally, it is discovered that these immunomodulator-acting proteins represent prospective molecular targets for the control of the immune system. Furthermore, it is well known that organic molecules like phytocompounds have the ability to bind to these locations and affect the immune system. Curcumin, quercetin, stilbenes, flavonoids, and lignans are examples of specific phytocompounds shown to have immunomodulatory properties to address immunological diseases.
Role of Food Microwave Drying in Hybrid Drying Technology
Authors: Bagchi Banerjee Bandita , Janghu Sandeep
Published: December 2022

Dehydration is the key to food preservation reducing volume and increasing shelf life. Dehydration technology has witnessed renaissance with the development of advanced technology such as microwave drying, freeze drying, fluidized bed drying, and refractance window drying. Combination of drying methods has increased the versatility of dehydration process of which field-based drying methods have always been hyped and microwave drying being the most adorned of all, considering its ease of fabrication and drying efficiency. Synergizing it with methods such as hot air drying, freeze drying, fluidized bed drying, or vacuum drying enhances its performance and the quality of the dried product. The merits and functionality of each method in hybrid drying with microwave have been discussed in the chapter.
Optical Gas Sensors
Authors: Mishra Vivekanand , Rashmi  , Sukriti
Published: December 2022

Miniature and highly efficient optical-based gas sensors have gained enormous consideration over the last few years. Materials based on the group-IV elements, namely silicon, germanium and their compounds, are deemed to be the potential candidates for the optical gas sensors. Optical gas sensors based on these materials offer appreciable sensitivity and high-density integration. Basically, these sensors paved the path for the flexible applications areas, namely internet of things (IoT), point-of-care testing, information and communication technology, etc. because of their potential candidature for being integrated with the several other photonic or electronic devices for on-chip signal processing and communication. Herein, we review optical gas sensors and discuss their basic principles, applications, recent advancement in the devices, etc. Gas concentrations can be easily detected and measured utilizing the characteristic optical absorption of gas species. This detection is crucial both for interpretation and observing of a wider range of phenomena extended from industrial practices to overall environmental change. Based on the findings, this review extends over a comprehensive overview of plethora of individual gas detection techniques, namely non-dispersive infrared, spectro-photometry, tunable diode laser spectroscopy and photo acoustic spectroscopy. This article focalizes over the discussion of the basic principle of the techniques introduced, their latest advancements and performance constraints, etc.
Recycled Conductive Mortar
Authors: de Jesús Pellegrini Cervantes Manuel , Rodríguez Rodriguez Margarita , Paola Arredondo Rea Susana , Corral Higuera Ramón , Paulino Barrios Durstewitz Carlos
Published: December 2022

Due to the urgent need to care for the environment, the use of recycled materials is necessary. The creation of multifunctional materials with content of recycled materials presents an alternative to reduce the use of natural resources. This is through the addition of recycled fine aggregate, product of industrial waste in its manufacture, such as graphite powder (GP) and carbon fiber (CF), turning it into conductive recycled mortar (CRM). The sustainability of this new material brings great ecological benefits, such as the reduction in the use of fine aggregates, which are naturally present in rivers, and also, lower production of construction waste sent to landfills. In this research, an evaluation of the effect of the addition of carbon fiber and graphite powder on wet, dry and hardened electrical properties, electrical percolation in dry state, and flowability of the mixture of recycled conductive mortar in a wet state-based on cement―fine aggregate from waste blocks―graphite powder was carried out. The results obtained showed the effect of the addition of GP and CF to the mortar mix, mainly the reduction of its flowability, caused by the physical interaction between the recycled sand or recycled fine aggregate RFA and the carbon fiber CF, as well as the graphite powder GP.
Blending Human Ware with Software and Hardware in the Design of Smart Cities
Authors: Almusaed Amjad , Almssad Asaad
Published: December 2022

Sustainable innovation entails realizing society-oriented value creation in an environment-friendly manner. A smart city can be viewed as a holistic paradigm that avails of state-of-the-art information and communication technologies (ICTs, in other words) to advance the so-called “Internet of Things.” This aids the management of urban processes and improves the quality of life for the citizens. Smart cities are bound to keep getting “smarter” as the ICTs keep developing. While the technological factor represented by the IoT, augmented and virtual reality, artificial intelligence, urban digital twinning, cloud computing, and mobile Internet is a driving factor unarguably, innovation in urban ecology is a vital socio-economic factor that will spur the transformation of urban areas in the world to smart cities. In this chapter, the authors answer the “what,” how, and “who,” so to say, of the paradigm—smart cities—with real-life examples and a case study. They emphasize the importance of human ware and remind readers that technology—the all-encompassing Internet of Things with its infantry of cameras, sensors, and electronic devices—though powerful, is a humble servant in the service of the inhabitants of a smart city.
New Trends and Challenges in Condition Monitoring Strategies for Assessing the State-of-charge in Batteries
Authors: Jose Saucedo-Dorantes Juan , Alejandro Elvira-Ortiz David , Gustavo Manriquez-Padilla Carlos , Yosimar Jaen-Cuellar Arturo , Perez-Cruz Angel
Published: December 2022

Condition monitoring strategies play an important key role to ensure the proper operation and/or working conditions in electrical, mechanical, and electronic systems; in this sense, condition monitoring methods are commonly implemented aiming to avoid undesired breakdowns and are also implemented to extend the useful life of the evaluated elements as much as possible. Therefore, the objective of this work is to report the new trends and challenges related to condition monitoring strategies for assessing the state-of-charge in batteries under the Industry 4.0 framework. Specifically, this work is focused on the analysis of those signal processing and artificial intelligence techniques that are implemented in experimental and model-based assessing approaches. With this work, important aspects may be highlighted as well as the conclusions and prospects may be included for the development trend of condition monitoring strategies to assess and ensure the state-of-charge in batteries.
Dissolved Organic Matter and Its Ultraviolet Absorbance at 254 Nm in Different Compartments of Three Forested Sites
Authors: Dimitrov Vladimir , Feldman Michael
Published: December 2022

The relationships between the ultraviolet (UV) absorbance at 254 nm and the concentration of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in bulk deposition, throughfall, forest floor solution, and soil solution in 10 cm (A-horizons), 30 cm, and 70 cm (both Bg-horizons) depths of three forested sites in North-Rhine Westphalia, Germany, were investigated over a three-year period. At first effects of pH, Ca2+ and Al3+ on molar absorptivity of DOM from forest floor solution and soil solution were investigated since the compartments differed in these properties. Neither Ca2+ nor Al3+ affected molar absorptivity in the investigated range of 1 to 100 mmolc l−1, but molar absorptivity was affected by pH (pH 3 to 8). However, compared to natural fluctuations of molar absorptivity in the field samples, the effect of pH was negligible. The correlation between UV absorbance and DOM concentration decreased in the order: bulk deposition and throughfall (r2 = 0.82 to 0.92; n = 89 to 105) > forest floor solution (r2 = 0.45 to 0.83; n = 29 to 54) > soil solution (r2 = 0.01 to 0.42; n = 29 to 56). Molar absorptivity was without any relationship to DOM concentration in bulk deposition (r2 = 0.08), throughfall (r2 = 0.01 to 0.06) and most forest floor solutions (r2 = 0.02 to 0.53). However, in soil solutions, DOM concentration and molar absorptivity were negatively correlated and showed a seasonal variation. Dissolved organic matter concentration was highest in summer and, simultaneously, molar absorptivity was lowest. This behavior could be expressed by significantly inverse exponential relationships between DOM concentration and molar absorptivity in the soil solutions of all sites and depths (r2 = 0.54 to 0.91). Seasonal fluctuations in DOM composition preclude the estimation of DOM concentration by UV absorptivity measurements in soil solutions. However, when investigating DOM dynamics in soils, the UV absorbance measurement at 254 nm and the calculation of the molar absorptivity is beneficial in recognizing fluctuations in the composition of DOM.
THE FARM'S INFLUENCE ON THE QUANTITY AND QUALITY OF COLOSTRAL MILK FROM MULTIPARE COWS DOWN WITH ROMANIAN BLACK
Authors: George Gabriel RADUCAN  , Octavian MICLAU  , Gabriel Nicolae VINTER  , Corina Oana Otila PATRASCOIU RADUCAN
Published: December 2022

In this study, seven multipair cows of the Romanian black spotted breed from SDT and from the farm located in Covaci were taken into account.Samples of colostrum were taken every four hours (18 milks / cow) immediately after calving, resulting in a number of 126 samples in multiparous cows from the two farms.From the presented data it can be seen that the average daily milk production of cows on the farm located in Covaci (11.64 kg / day) is higher, by 2.43 kg / day, than that recorded in the case of cows in SDT (9 , 21 kg / day), very statistically significant difference (p <0.001).The coefficient of variability in the cows from SDT has the value of 9,513 and the one from the multipair cows from Covaci locality is of 9,901. It can also be found that the multipair cows from the farm located in Covaci locality have a lower average daily amount of IgG (36.72 mg / ml), by 5.73 mg / ml than that recorded in the case of multipair cows from SDT (42, 45 mg / ml), the difference being distinctly statistically significant (p <0.01).From the presented data it can be seen that the multiparous cows from the farm located in Covaci locality have a higher average daily concentration of SOUTH (12.03%) higher, by 0.91%, than the one registered in the case of multiparous cows from SDT (11.12% ), statistically significant difference (p <0.05).The coefficient of variability in the cows from SDT has the value of 23.852 and the one from the multipair cows from Covaci locality is 30.299.
THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGES ON PRODUCTION IN THE AUTUMN AND SPRING OATS
Authors: Alina RUJA  , Ioan TOMA  , Andreea BULAI  , Alina Laura AGAPIE  , Georgiana NEGRUȚ  , Karina SUHAI  , Gabriela GORINOIU
Published: December 2022

Globally, the yield of cereal crops is declining, as the variability of the weather each year indicates serious risks to cereal production. Oats are a crop adapted to be able to cope with low temperatures and high and low rainfall, thus indicating sowing delays to optimize the water content in the soil and the growing. In Romania, oats are  used as animal feed, especially in the diet of horses and sheep and increasingly suitable for human consumption. Comparative to  other cereals, oats are in seventh place, after important cereals such as wheat, corn and barley. Oat cultivation has upward trends due to increased mechanization and to genotypes that produce a quantity of grains relatively large per hectare. For the future, the improvement of oats has as general objective the acclimatization of new genotypes in accordance with the new environmental changes, more and more severe. This experience was conducted at A.R.D.S. Lovrin, Romania. Thus, we performed biometric counts for two genotypes Sorin autumn oats) and Lovrin 1  (spring oats). The counts were performed in the laboratory, and the samples for each variety are from 2020 and 2021. For each genotype, 30 plants were analyzed, which were then statistically interpreted. With the help of the obtained data we performed the analysis of the variation.  In order to estimate the most significant impact of the climatic factors on the production of  the two varieties, meteorological data from May were selected, both from 2020 and from 2021.. In May 2020, the temperature deviation between the monthly average and the multiannual monthly average was    -1oC, and the temperature deviation in 2021 was -0.8oC. There are no significant differences between the thermal factor results. In May 2021, the precipitation deviation between the monthly average and the multiannual monthlyaverage was -23.7 mm and the precipitation deviation in May 2021 was +1.4 mm.. In this experience, precipitation is the most imporant  climatic factor for the culture of autumn and spring oats. In conclusion, notes that the production in 2021 was superior to the production in 2020.
REMOTE SENSING FOR DESCRIBING VEGETATION DYNAMICS UNDER AGRICULTURAL LAND CONDITIONS
Authors: HERBEI Mihai , SALA Florin
Published: December 2022

The study was based on remote sensing to obtain satellite images, spectral information and on calculating specific indices in order to describe the dynamics of crop vegetation in the case of an agricultural area. The research was carried out within the Didactic and Experimental Station of BUASVM Timisoara, Timis County, Romania. The agricultural perimeter under study is located within the Western Plain, Romania, with the general characteristics of a chernozem type soil and the climatic specificity of the area. The study interval was January - November 2021, in which 8 sets of satellite images were taken: 2.01.2021 (D1); 25.02.2021 (D2); 13.03.2021 (D3); 15.05.2021 (D4); 26.06.2021 (5); 14.08.2021 (D6); 6.09.2021 (D7) and 10.11.2021 (D8). The images were analyzed and based on spectral information the indices NDWI, NDVI, MSAVI and MTVI2 were calculated. The ANOVA test, single factor, confirmed the presence of the variance and the statistical security of the data. The NDVI index (CVNDVI=32.1113) showed high variability, followed by the MSAVI index (CVMSAVI=20.4953) and the MTVI2 index (CVMTVI2=5.5512). Very strong correlations were recorded between NDVI and NDWI  (-0.971***), between NDVI and MSAVI (0.994***), and between MSAVI and NDWI (-0.957***). The NDVI variation was described by a linear equation in relation to NDWI under conditions of R2=0.943, p<0.001, F=98.734 and by a polynomial equation of 2nd degree in relation to MSAVI(R2=0.998, p<0.001, F=1384). A spline model was found to describe the NDVI variation over time (T, days) over the study period, under conditions of statistical accuracy ( ). Within PCA, PC1 explained 76,693% of variance, while PC2 explained 23,174% of variance. The cluster analysis grouped the variables (D1 to D8) on the basis of similarity, in relation to the studied indices, in statistical accuracy conditions (Coph.corr=0.912).
Políticas de Educação Inclusiva: fragilização do direito à inclusão das pessoas com deficiência na escola comum
Authors: Lockmann Kamila , Klein Rejane Ramos
Published: December 2022

Este texto analisa as políticas de educação inclusiva com o objetivo de problematizar os deslocamentos operados nos discursos sobre a inclusão, os quais têm produzido a fragilização de direitos historicamente conquistados pelas pessoas com deficiência. Em uma perspectiva foucaultiana e com inspiração nos estudos contemporâneos de Brown, Dardot e Laval, considera-se como materialidade de análise a “Política Nacional de Educação Especial: equitativa, inclusiva e com aprendizado ao longo da vida”, o Decreto 10.502/2020, que a instituiu, assim como notas de repúdio produzidas por organizações científicas e pela sociedade civil. A partir de tal materialidade, percebe-se o avanço de políticas neoconservadoras em pelo menos dois eixos: 1. na abordagem do princípio da liberdade individual como direito das famílias de escolherem o melhor espaço de escolarização, o que se transmuta no direito à exclusão dos sujeitos com deficiência; 2. na ressignificação da noção de inclusão escolar como algo que se dá no presente e no âmbito escolar. Esses deslocamentos discursivos têm fragilizado o direito à inclusão das pessoas com deficiência na escola comum e reforçado o processo de (des)democratização em curso no Brasil contemporâneo.
Socio-demographic profile of organic food consumers in the Republic of Srpska
Authors: Galić Jovana
Published: December 2022

The aim of this research is to determine the profile of organic food consumers in the Republic of Srpska according their socio-demographic characteristics and to analyse if there is a significant relation between consumer education level and intention to purchase organic food. For this purpose, a questionnaire was developed and a survey was conducted on a random representative sample. Consumers were segmented according to their purchase habits and a profile was developed for each segment. The results show that different socio-demographic characteristics partly determine each profile and that education level has a positive and low significant relation with intention to purchase organic food.
Job satisfaction in the conventionally employed and teleworkers: The impact of gender, age and education
Authors: Taboroši Srđana , Popović Jovanka , Poštin Jasmina , Konjikušić Marko , Nikolić Milan
Published: December 2022

This paper examines and analyses the differences in job satisfaction among the conventionally employed and teleworkers. Differences were examined for three control variables: gender, age and education of the respondents. The research was conducted in West Balkan countries (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Serbia), and included 313 respondents (conventionally employed and teleworkers). Teleworkers are more satisfied than conventionally employed. This is most evident through satisfaction with all forms of compensation, procedures and associates. Job satisfaction is higher in men, both those who work conventionally and who telework. Men are significantly more appreciative of opportunities for advancement, as well as achieving additional benefits and rewards. Younger respondents have greater job satisfaction than older respondents, but this only applies to the conventionally employed. There are no differences in job satisfaction among teleworkers in terms of dependence on age. Job satisfaction does not depend on the respondents' level of education of, and this applies to both conventionally employed and teleworkers. Companies that apply telework evaluate the results of their employees' work and the contribution they provide to the company more objectively, and accordingly, they reward and promote employees adequately. Thus, all age groups and educational categories of employees see their chance in teleworking conditions.
A scale development study on the expectations of university students from the accounting course in the digitalization process
Authors: Kurtlu Ayşe , Uçar Mehmet
Published: December 2022

Digitization has become an inevitable part of life, affecting all systems. Today, when technological developments are increasing rapidly, and almost everything can be done with mobile devices, all sectors and individuals have started to take more place in digital environment. Since the 20th century, the accounting profession has undergone significant changes, especially with the spread of the internet and technological developments, and many accounting practices have been transferred to digital environments. The traditional methods of accounting education cause the candidate students to grow away from the digital sector. For this reason, the digital transformation process in the accounting profession should also be started in accounting education. To train professionals who will meet the needs in the digital age, accounting education should be supported by changing technology, and students should be equipped in this regard by using digital education technologies such as augmented reality (AR) and simulation in courses. In the study, a scale was developed to determine the expectations of the students from the accounting course during the digitalization process. As a result of the study, it was determined that the scale was divided into two sub-dimensions: expectations from digital education technologies and expectations from traditional expression in the accounting course.
Technology of surface exploitation and management of environmental protection
Authors: Jovanović Ivan , Staletović Novica
Published: December 2022

On the basis of data obtained by the exploratory drilling, the researched copper ore deposit belongs to a group of deposits related to intermediate volcanic - intrusive magmatic complexes. It is a compact ore body with the shape of an inclined cylinder and is composed of copper minerals together with the chloritized and kaolinized andesite. There is also an impact of technological parameters on the environment due to the exploitation of the ore deposit. The aim of this paper is to emphasize that it is important to manage the environment in surface exploitation of ore deposits.
The traditional and the modern model of police work in the security sector
Authors: Ristović Svetlana
Published: December 2022

The paper discusses sector work as the basis of efficient policing. There are two models to be discussed. The first model is the model applied during the period of socialism and social self-protection and the second is the one in the period after the year 2000 when implementation of community policing experiences taken from the developed countries started. In the period of socialism, the sector work was recognized as a form of decentralization of the police force, a suitable form for conducting preventive work and as a way to incorporate the police force into the system of social self-protection successfully. The patrolman in a sector enjoyed the trust and respect of the citizens. Being deployed in a particular sector for several years, he knew the people, the territory, and the security problems in that area. The sector work (both conceptually and practically) has many similarities with the community policing model whose implementation should lead to the transformation of the conventional way of doing police work and restore the confidence of citizens in the police. Community policing brought the reaffirmation of the patrolman and sector work, and taking on many of its recognizable programs, methods and techniques can contribute to adaptation and application of the traditional sector work to modern conditions.
Reduction of direct and indirect costs of treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes due to good glycemic control and reduced frequency of complications
Authors: Janković Slobodan , Petrović Nemanja
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Patients with type 2 diabetes represent a large burden on healthcare systems primarily due to the multidisciplinary treatment of complications. Good glycemic control is associated with a reduced incidence of complications. Objective: The aim of this paper is to estimate the absolute amount of reduction in costs of type 2 diabetes treatment due to better glycemic control and reduction in the frequency of complications in an upper-middle income country, such as Serbia. Method: The research was designed as a study of costs emerging from complications of type 2 diabetes, and specifically the impact of lowering glycosylated hemoglobin on cost reduction due to changes in complication rates. Direct and indirect costs were taken into account from the perspective of the Republic Health Insurance Fund (RHIF) and private health insurance, i.e. patients themselves as direct payers of services. The time horizon is one year. All cost calculations were performed using a mathematical model, with simulation on a cohort of 1.000 virtual patients and data input in the form of inverse probability distributions. Results: The results of our study indicate that good glycemic control due to the optimal use of antidiabetic drugs leads to a significant reduction in the frequency of complications and treatment costs. Reduction of glycosylated hemoglobin by only 1% reduces direct treatment costs by about 8.300 RSD per year per patient with diabetes from the perspective of the RHIF, and by about 52.500 RSD from the perspective of the patient as a direct payer of services or that of private (supplementary) health insurance; if both perspectives are taken into account at the same time (60:40 payment ratio RHIF/private insurance), the annual saving is about 26.000 RSD per patient. Reduction of indirect costs due to reduction of glycosylated hemoglobin and reduced absenteeism per patient on an annual basis is about 24.000 RSD. Conclusion: Good glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes in the Republic of Serbia brings significant savings on an annual basis due to a reduced frequency of complications. These savings open up space to increase the availability of innovative antidiabetic drugs for a significantly wider range of patients with type 2 diabetes, without the restrictions that currently exist, primarily in terms of body weight.
Woody plants in phytoremediation of pollution of agricultural land with nitrates and pesticides
Authors: Štrbac Mirna , Manojlović Maja , Čabilovski Ranko , Petković Klara , Kovačević Dragan , Pilipović Andrej
Published: December 2022

Although plants have a natural potential for removing various types of pollutants from nature, phytoremediation is a relatively new area of research and has a commercial application. By intensive application of nitrogen fertilisers and pesticides in agriculture, their excessive amounts reach the soil and accumulate or flow into deeper layers of soil and groundwater. So far, most soil remediation studies have been done with herbaceous plants, but they have not shown high efficiency. The paper gives an overview of the possibilities and advantages of using woody plants in the phytoremediation of soils contaminated with nitrates and pesticides. The choice of woody species that can be successfully applied is limited and the best results were obtained with poplars and willows. Unlike nitrates, which are easily absorbed by trees, pesticides are complex organic compounds and their remediation takes place through mechanisms such as rhizodegradation and phytodegradation. Poplar, as the most commonly used woody species for phytoremediation, has shown high efficiency in removing nitrates and pesticides, especially herbicides. Examples of successful soil and groundwater remediation can be found in the remediation of atrazine, alachlor, metribuzin, paraquat and others.
Perceptions around climate change impacts on natural resources and tourism sustainability in protected areas: A case study of Maasai Mara national reserve, Kenya
Authors: Rotich Laban
Published: December 2022

Kenya' tourism industry is predominantly based on nature and founded on protected areas (PAs) model. However, climatic changes through unstable temperature as well as rainfall patterns have the potential to cause declines in wildlife populations in these PAs. Climate change poses exceptional social, cultural as well as environmental challenges. In Kenya's Maasai Mara National Reserve (MMNR), a combined number of factors including climate change, human population pressure on wildlife dispersal areas including human wildlife conflict has resulted in catastrophic declines in wildlife populations. The study investigated MMNR host community perceptions oaround climate change impacts of on natural resources and sustainability of tourism. This is because regional knowledge gaps exist in research on climate change impacts on tourism. Exploratory research design was adopted. This research used quantitative data and hence exploratory approach was considered suitable. Simple random sampling was adopted to sample 399 heads of households who filled the questionnaires. Using SPSS V.23, descriptive as well as inferential statistics was adopted to analyze quantitative data. The relationship between the variables was determined using linear regression. The study findings indicate a positive as well as significant relationship on the two variables of natural resources and tourism sustainability as evidenced by the values (b=0.393 and p=0.000). Also, the coefficient of determination (R squared) shows 39.5% variation in sustainability of tourism can be attributed to climate change as indicated in Table 3. The study findings raises the need for strategic initiatives and considerations for developing alternative wildlife based tourism products in the advent of declines in wildlife populations as a result of erratic rainfall and temperature patterns.