bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Kerentanan Pantai di Desa Teluk Awur Kecamatan Tahunan Kabupaten Jepara
Authors: Radhwarana Amani Rahutri , Ismanto Aris , Widada Sugeng
Published: March 2024

Pantai selalu memiliki penyesuaian yang terus menerus menuju keseimbangan alami terhadap dampak yang terjadi sehingga mempengaruhi perubahan garis pantai. Perubahan garis pantai akan mengubah kondisi fisik, morfologi, atau lingkungan pantai sehingga dapat meningkatkan kerentanan pantai tersebut. Di era modern ini banyak pembangunan dilakukan khususnya pada bidang pariwisata. Pantai Teluk Awur merupakan pantai yang cukup terkenal dan memiliki potensi pengembangan pembangunan yang baik. Informasi tentang tingkat kerentanan pantai di kawasan pesisir diperlukan untuk mengantisipasi dan mengurangi kerusakan lingkungan pantai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis Indeks Kerentanan Pantai (IKP) di Desa Teluk Awur. Metode dari penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan perhitungan Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI) dengan skoring tujuh variabel yaitu geomorfologi pantai, perubahan garis pantai, topografi/ elevasi pantai, kemiringan pantai, gelombang, pasang surut, dan kenaikan muka air laut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai IKP di Pantai Teluk Awur berkisar antara 6,93 hingga 17,32 dari 16 segmen. Kerentanan di Pantai Teluk Awur didominasi oleh pengaruh variabel geomorfologi pantai dan elevasi lahan. Kondisi tersebut akan menyebabkan kerusakan pantai yang lebih besar dibanding dengan area segmen yang lain yang diakibatkan oleh faktor oseanografi seperti gelombangyang dapat mengikis daerah pantai. Oleh karena itu,  Pantai Teluk Awur dikategorikan dalam kerentanan sedang hingga tinggi.
Doc. PhDr. František Vrhel, CSc.
Authors: Halbich Marek
Published: March 2024

S několikadenním zpožděním jsem se dozvěděl, že nás navždy opustil emeritní děkan Filozofické fakulty Univerzity Karlovy, dlouholetý ředitel Ústavu etnologie této fakulty, legendární etnolog, iberoamerikanista, překladatel a můj vzácný učitel, docent František Vrhel.
Bibliografie Františka Vrhela
Authors: Jakoubek Marek
Published: March 2024

Při práci na níže prezentované (a jistě neúplné) bibliografii jsme využili Výběrovou bibliografii doc. PhDr. Františka Vrhela, CSc., z pera Jana Pargače a Miloše Tomandla, publikovanou in Národopisný věstník / Bulletin d'ethnologie 72, 2013/3, s. 111–116 při příležitosti sedmdesátých narozenin Fr. Vrhela a (nepublikovanou) výběrovou bibliografii Fr. Vrhela, kterou sestavila Zuzana Korecká. Za pomoc s finalizací patří dík Marii Vrhelové.
Jaroslav Kříž: Česká Amerika. Chicago
Authors: Jagošová Anna
Published: March 2024

A review of the book by Jaroslav Kříž.
evaluation of total flavonoids, total phenolic content and biological activity of Iraqi Lipedium sativum L. crude extract obtained by optimized ultrasound assisted extraction conditions
Authors: Al-Ogaili Niran
Published: March 2024

Lepidium sativum L. also known as garden cress belong to the family Brassicaceae. The plant species composed of various phytochemicals as well as powerful nutraceutical potential and possess several bioactivities like, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, hypoglycemic, gastrointestinal and bone healing activities. This research paper presents an investigation into the total flavonoids (TFC), total phenolic content (TPC) and biological activity of Iraqi Lepidium sativum L. The study aimed to optimize ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions to obtain a crude extract with enhanced bioactive components. Three variables were examined including methanol concentration, extraction time and ultrasound frequency. The optimum yields of extract, TFC and TPC were (3.22 ± 0.049 g/10 g of dry plant), (17.03 ± 0.060 mg RE/g) and (10.96±0.020 mg GAE/g) respectively. The optimal extraction conditions contributed to these values of experiment 2 and 3 were 70% methanol, 10 min and 40 KHz and 70% methanol, 15 min and 40 KHz respectively. The lowest IC50 values of optimized methanolic extracts of Iraqi Lepidium sativum aerial parts against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals were 31.84 µg/mL for TFC and 35.85 µg/mL for TPC . For the first time, the study provided data about the phenolic and flavonoid contents of the Iraqi plant and optimized conditions for extraction by UAE technique using single factor experiment. The plant can be acknowledged as a potential nutraceutical or functional food rich in antioxidants to combat many diseases.
The effects of visualisation literacy and data storytelling dashboards on teachers’ cognitive load
Authors: Liu Yuchen , Pozdniakov Stanislav , Martinez-Maldonado Roberto
Published: March 2024

Learning analytics (LA) dashboards are becoming increasingly available in various learning settings. However, teachers may face challenges in understanding and interpreting the data visualisations presented on those dashboards. In response to this, some LA researchers are incorporating visual cueing techniques, like data storytelling (DS), into LA dashboard design to reduce the data visualisation skills – often referred to as visualisation literacy (VL) – and cognitive effort required by teachers to effectively use dashboards. However, despite the potential of DS principles in simplifying data visualisations, there is limited evidence supporting their effectiveness in actually reducing teachers’ cognitive load. The study presented in this paper addresses this gap by investigating the potential impact of LA dashboards, with and without DS elements, on teachers with varying VL levels. Through a quasi-experimental study involving 23 teachers, we analysed changes in pupil dilation – a proxy for cognitive load – as they examined LA dashboards featuring student data captured while participating in synchronous, online collaborative learning tasks. Our findings suggest DS can reduce cognitive load, particularly for teachers with lower VL. These results provide insight into the effects of DS and VL on teachers’ cognitive load, thereby informing the design of LA dashboards.
Implications for practice or policy:• Developers of LA dashboards need to pay more attention to incorporating visual and narrative elements that are easily comprehensible and target-oriented, based on users’ visualisation literacy levels.• Educational providers and LA designers can recommend dashboards with DS elements to teachers with low VL to enhance their work efficiency.
Sharp affine weighted L
2 Sobolev inequalities on the upper half space
Authors: Dou Jingbo , Hu Yunyun , Yue Caihui
Published: March 2024

We establish some sharp affine weighted L
2 Sobolev inequalities on the upper half space, which involves a divergent operator with degeneracy on the boundary. Moreover, for some certain exponents cases, we also characterize the extremal functions and best constants. Our approach only relies on the L
2 structure of gradient norm, affine invariance and a class of weighted L
2 Sobolev inequality on the upper half space. This is a simple approach which does not depend on the geometric structure of Euclidean space such as Brunn–Minkowski theory on convex geometry.
Nur um den Preis eines Selbstwiderspruchs
Authors: Zimmermann Stephan
Published: March 2024

In the Critique of Pure Reason Kant formulates the principle of causality both nomologically and non-nomologically. One formulation says that everything happens in accordance with laws, the other that everything that happens has a cause. Geert Keil has claimed that Kant actually holds the nomological version, but that he omits or neglects to justify it. I will argue that Keil is right with his claim, but that he wrongly accuses Kant of a lack of justification. For Kant holds something that he can only hold at the price of self-contradiction: the nomological version of the causal principle, as I will show, contradicts Kant’s own thinking and therefore cannot be justified by him at all.
Die Methode der Politischen Phänomenologie: Interrogation, Exposition, Demonstration
Authors: Herrmann Steffen
Published: March 2024

Husserl endeavoured to establish phenomenology as a ‘rigorous science’ and therefore linked its development to methodological considerations from the very beginning. Such considerations are often lacking in current debates on political phenomenology. This article aims to remedy this deficit. It argues that political phenomenology reinterprets Husserl’s methodological principles of epoché and reduction and transforms them into what can be termed interrogation and exposition. In addition, a further, often overlooked, principle of Husserl’s method is uncovered, which is referred to here as demonstration. It is through this triad of interrogation, exposition and demonstration that contemporary political phenomenology adapts and transforms the method of classical phenomenology. The topics of whiteness and race are employed to show how these principles can facilitate the analysis of political struggles.
Situative Differenz
Authors: Bedorf Thomas
Published: March 2024

The concept of situatedness turns away from ideals of objectivity “from nowhere” and denotes the marking of the place from which a discourse or a theoretical approach takes its starting point. Theories of different traditions have emphasised the need to reflect on their own situatedness in order to avoid mere doxa. Since “situation” is one of the basic concepts of existential phenomenologies (Heidegger, Sartre, Merleau-Ponty), it can serve as a terminological foundation for a reflection of embodied standpoints. The space- and perception-theoretical difference between situation and position – developed in phenomenology of perception and space orientation – can be further thought politically and expanded into “situational difference”. With the ambivalent intermediate position between the place of speaking and the space of the political, an analytical differentiation would be available that can lead to a phenomenological explication of the logic of the politics of positioning.
Gain enhancement in octagonal shaped frequency reconfigurable antenna using metasurface superstrate
Authors: Kandasamy Karthika , Kaliappan Kavitha , Shanmugam Sasikala , Srinivasan Adithya
Published: March 2024

A novel, high-gain reconfigurable antenna with a metasurface (MS) superstrate-based configuration is proposed in this research article. The design utilizes a concentric octagonal-shaped patch as a base antenna. Four SMP1345-079LF PIN diode switches are incorporated in the base antenna to facilitate frequency reconfiguration. When all four of the diodes are in OFF condition, the designed antenna resonates at 5.8 GHz. Switching ON the diodes switches the resonating frequency to 5 GHz. A novel MS unit cell of shape like ‘8’ has been designed and analyzed. The designed unit cell exhibits properties of the metamaterial in the operating frequencies. An MS superstrate of a 5 × 5 array has been designed and connected to the base antenna through Teflon rods. Further, the proposed reconfigurable antenna with MS has been analyzed for air and foam medium (medium between antenna and superstrate). The proposed structure offers better performance for the air medium with a gain enhancement of 4.23 dBi and 1.55 dBi at 5 GHz and 5.8 GHz respectively. Fabrication and testing processes are undertaken to validate the proposed antenna’s performance.
The European GO-VIKING project on flow-induced vibrations: overview and current status
Authors: Papukchiev Angel , Zwijsen Kevin , Vivaldi Daniele , Hadžić Hidajet , Benhamadouche Sofiane , Benguigui William , Planquart Philippe
Published: March 2024

The interaction between cooling fluid and solid structures (rods, tubes) in nuclear power plants may lead to flow-induced vibrations (FIV), causing material fatigue, fretting wear, and eventually loss of component integrity. This can cause further safety issues as well as substantial standstill costs due to longer or unplanned outages. With the growing computational power, the application of modern 3D numerical simulation tools for the accurate prediction of FIV phenomena is rapidly increasing. In 2022, the GO-VIKING (Gathering expertise On Vibration ImpaKt In Nuclear power Generation) project received a grant within the Horizon Europe research and innovation funding program. Sixteen European and two US partners started their collaboration in the field of FIV experiments and analysis. Over four years, the GO-VIKING project investigates FIV phenomena occurring in nuclear reactor cores and steam generators under single- and two-phase flow conditions. The project’s main objectives are to expand the expertise in the field of FIV through generation of new experimental and high-resolution numerical data; development, improvement, and validation of fluid-structure interaction (FSI) methods for FIV evaluation; training stakeholders in the application of these methods; and synthesizing guidelines for the prediction and assessment of FIV phenomena in nuclear reactors. This paper provides an overview of the GO-VIKING objectives, scientific program, as well as of the main scientific achievements in the first project year.
Construction grammar and procedural semantics for human-interpretable grounded language processing
Authors: De Vos Liesbet , Nevens Jens , Van Eecke Paul , Beuls Katrien
Published: March 2024

Grounded language processing is a crucial component in many artificial intelligence systems, as it allows agents to communicate about their physical surroundings. State-of-the-art approaches typically employ deep learning techniques that perform end-to-end mappings between natural language expressions and representations grounded in the environment. Although these techniques achieve high levels of accuracy, they are often criticized for their lack of interpretability and their reliance on large amounts of training data. As an alternative, we propose a fully interpretable, data-efficient architecture for grounded language processing. The architecture is based on two main components. The first component comprises an inventory of human-interpretable concepts learned through task-based communicative interactions. These concepts connect the sensorimotor experiences of an agent to meaningful symbols that can be used for reasoning operations. The second component is a computational construction grammar that maps between natural language expressions and procedural semantic representations. These representations are grounded through their integration with the learned concepts. We validate the architecture using a variation on the CLEVR benchmark, achieving an accuracy of 96 %. Our experiments demonstrate that the integration of a computational construction grammar with an inventory of interpretable grounded concepts can effectively achieve human-interpretable grounded language processing in the CLEVR environment.
Effects of deep brain stimulation and verbal suggestions on pain in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Rosenkjær Sophie , Hvingelby Victor Schwartz , Johnsen Erik Lisbjerg , Møller Mette , Carlino Elisa , Jensen Troels Staehelin , Vase Lene
Published: March 2024

Background and objectives

In Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients, verbal suggestions have been shown to modulate motor and clinical outcomes in treatment with subthalamic deep brain stimulation (DBS). Furthermore, DBS may alleviate pain in PD. However, it is unknown if verbal suggestions influence DBS’ effects on pain.

Methods

Twenty-four people with PD and DBS had stimulation downregulated (80–60 to 20%) and upregulated (from 20–60 to 80%) in a blinded manner on randomized test days: (1) with negative and positive suggestions of pain for down- and upregulation, respectively, and (2) with no suggestions to effect (control). Effects of DBS and verbal suggestions were assessed on ongoing and evoked pain (hypertonic saline injections) via 0–10 numerical rating scales along with motor symptoms, expectations, and blinding.

Results

Stimulation did not influence ongoing and evoked pain but influenced motor symptoms in the expected direction. Baseline and experimental pain measures showed no patterns in degree of pain. There was a trend toward negative suggestions increasing pain and positive suggestions decreasing pain. Results show significant differences in identical stimulation with negative vs positive suggestions (60% conditions AUC 38.75 vs 23.32, t(13) = 3.10, p < 0.001). Expectations to pain had small to moderate effects on evoked pain. Patients estimated stimulation level correctly within 10 points

Conclusion

Stimulation does not seem to influence ongoing and evoked pain, but verbal suggestions may influence pain levels. Patients appear to be unblinded to stimulation level which is an important consideration for future studies testing DBS in an attempted blind fashion.
Vaccine as a Sociocultural Artefact: The Example of Locally Produced Polio Vaccine in Serbia
Authors: Trifunović Vesna
Published: March 2024

The paper argues that vaccines could be viewed as artifacts which communicate various social messages and are used as instruments for fulfilling different sociopolitical goals besides meeting public health needs. It further suggests that such social, cultural and political influences may have real effects on the choices of vaccine technologies or vaccine production, and aims to demonstrate their importance in the area which is normally seen as the domain of objective science. This is demonstrated by using the example of the locally produced oral polio vaccine (OPV) in Serbia during the socialist and post-socialist periods in the country’s history.
Effect of solubilization with surfactant on the antioxidant activity of ellagic acid
Authors: Tang Yulian , Jiang Xinyuan
Published: March 2024

Ellagic acid (EA) is a natural antioxidant found in many fruits and vegetables. However, its solubility in water is poor, which limits its application. To overcome this limitation, the surfactants Span 20 and Tween 60 are used to increase its solubility in water. FTIR, TEM and laser particle size and zeta potential analysis were used to characterize the morphology and structure of ellagic acid emulsions. The antioxidant activity of surfactant-compatible ellagic acid was determined using various antioxidant evaluation methods such as DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging, reducing power and total antioxidant activity. The results indicate that the solubility of ellagic acid in water was improved by the addition of Span 20 and Tween 60, and ellagic acid formed complex particles in combination with Span 20 and Tween 60. Compared to pure ellagic acid, the antioxidant activity of ellagic acid lotion was significantly enhanced.
Nonreciprocal transmission in composite structure with Weyl semimetal defect layer
Authors: Chen Xin , Yu Guanxia , Wang Haodong
Published: March 2024

A two-unit symmetrical composite structure with the WSMs defect layer was designed. The energy band and transmission properties are studied based on the transfer matrix theory. Due to the WSMs with the property of time-reversal breaking, the nonreciprocal Tamm states for forward and backward incidence are excited in the interface of the symmetrical composite structure. The numerical results show that the nonreciprocity of the Tamm states is enhanced with an increase in the WSMs thickness. By choosing the appropriate geometric parameters of dielectric layers, two pairs of nonreciprocal dispersive curves are obtained in the two-band gap. The present scenario can be applied in some areas, such as optical isolators and multi-channel nonreciprocal transmission devices.
Gamma radiation-induced degradation of Acid Violet 49 in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in an aqueous medium
Authors: Bokhari Tanveer H. , Iqbal Aqsa , Usman Muhammad , Al Huwayz Maryam , Iqbal Mazhar , Ali Abid , Alwadai Norah , Iqbal Munawar , Nazir Arif , Younas Umer
Published: March 2024

The present study is about the effect of gamma radiations on the degradation of Acid Violet 49 (AV49) in the presence of H2O2 (γ/H2O2). The Cs-137 radiation source was calibrated to irradiate the aqueous solution of AV49 within the 1 kGy, 5 kGy & 10 kGy dose range. The results showed that 50–150 mg/L of AV49 was effectively degraded by γ radiation (85 %), however, the concentration of H2O2 in the range of 0.2–0.6 mL promoted degradation to 90 % and 98 %, respectively. It was observed that all absorption bands declined with rising irradiation dose and disappeared completely after 10 kGy applied dose. pH conditions (3, 5,7, and 9) were used in the radio-lytic degradation of AV49, the results showed that the best degradation efficiency has been found for pH 9. The optimum degradation rate is higher (98 %) with a 50 mg/L concentration of AV49, 0.6 mL H2O2, and pH 9 at a 10 kGy absorbed dose. In addition, the influence of various parameters on the rate of degradation such as the effect of irradiation dose, pH, H2O2, and dye (AV49) concentration was also studied. Furthermore, the removal of total organic carbon TOC was not as effective as that of the AV 49. Total nitrogen TN was not completely removed even at high dosage. Radio-lytic degradation of AV49 was analyzed by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) as an analytical technique. Results revealed that the proposed methodology for degradation of dyes is effective and probably could be applied for the removal of other toxic pollutants.
Coping with non-take-up of means-tested benefits: a qualitative longitudinal study on single parents’ life courses in French-speaking Switzerland
Authors: Larenza Ornella
Published: March 2024

Many single parents (SPs) receive means-tested benefits (MTBs) in Switzerland. As a risk-management policy, MTBs can alleviate phases of financial hardship in SPs’ life courses. Conversely, when SPs experience non-take-up (NTU), MTBs may turn into a stressor and impinge on their lives. This paper investigates how NTU can shape SPs’ life courses. Thirteen SPs with full custody of their children who experienced NTU while facing economic hardship were interviewed in a qualitative panel in French-speaking Switzerland. A three-step analytical strategy involving thematic, categorical and chronological analysis of the qualitative data was conducted. The results show that SPs can compensate for the lack of MTBs by looking for alternative support from their families, friends and acquaintances or the labour market; by trying to bypass the MTB regulations so as to access them; by making changes to their lives to comply with MTB eligibility criteria or by giving up on the MTBs. NTU not only affects SPs financially but can also delay their professional careers, jeopardise their relationships with the children; delay new couple relationships and force them to live in an unpleasant environment. Intergroup inequalities affect SPs’ paths as MTB clients. By overlooking the implications of SPs’ childcare obligations and the hidden costs linked to separation, targeting practices may lead to tertiary NTU.
Reproduction policy as life course policy: normative modelling of reproductive life courses in Germany
Authors: Zagel Hannah
Published: March 2024

This paper investigates how familialist repronormativity, pro-natalism and reproductive autonomy feature as normative models for reproductive life courses in Germany’s current landscape of reproduction policies. Life course research has largely overlooked reproduction as a life course sphere, which is subject to state intervention and strong institutionalised normative assumptions about whether, when and how people should procreate. Drawing on policy documents and a new policy database, this paper compares the current state of reproduction policies in five policy fields (sex education, contraception, abortion, medically assisted reproduction and pregnancy care) to ideal-typical normative orientations towards reproductive life courses. The result is a more systematic understanding of the multidimensionality that is inherent to “life course modelling” (Leisering 2003) of the reproductive life sphere.
A New Genus and Species of Nematode (Oxyurida, Thelastomatoidea) from the Chinese Medicinal Cockroach, Eupolyphaga sinensis (Walker, 1868)
Authors: Zeng Qingren , Yuan Hao , Liu Xueying , Meng Fanming
Published: March 2024

Objective:

A new nematode was found during a survey of the microbiota and parasites of the Chinese medicinal cockroach, Eupolyphaga sinensis (Walker, 1868) in China.

Methods:

The nematodes were sampled from E. sinensis, which were collected in a rural area of Hunan province. Adult nematodes of both sexes were observed in detail using light and scanning electron microscopy. Phylogenetic analysis was performed based on 28S and 18S gene sequences of this species and all the available species sequences (> 500 bp) from the Thelastomatoidea superfamily to generate a more robust topologic structure of phylogenetic evolutionary reconstruction.

Results:

This nematode is markedly distinguished from all reported members of the Thelastomatidae by several morphological characters. A combination of morphological and molecular studies indicates that this new nematode formed an independent branch parallel to the group of Thelastoma under Thelastomatidae.

Conclusions:

The nematode presented herein is identified as a new species namely Corydiinema hunanensis sp. nov. and belongs to a new genus, Corydiinema gen. nov. within Thelastomatidae.
Multimodal interrogation of ventral pallidum projections reveals projection-specific signatures and effects on cocaine reward
Authors: Bernat Nimrod , Campbell Rianne , Nam Hyungwoo , Basu Mahashweta , Odesser Tal , Elyasaf Gal , Engeln Michel , Chandra Ramesh , Golden Shana , Ament Seth , Lobo Mary Kay , Kupchik Yonatan M.
Published: March 2024

The ventral pallidum (VP) is a central hub in the reward circuitry with diverse projections that have different behavioral roles attributed mostly to the connectivity with the downstream target. However, different VP projections may represent, as in the striatum, separate neuronal populations that differ in more than just connectivity. In this study we performed in mice of both sexes a multimodal dissection of four major projections of the VP – to the lateral hypothalamus (VP→LH), ventral tegmental area (VP→VTA), lateral habenula (VP→LHb) and mediodorsal thalamus (VP→MDT) – with physiological, anatomical, genetic and behavioral tools. We also tested for physiological differences between VP neurons receiving input from nucleus accumbens (NAc) medium spiny neurons (MSNs) that express either the D1 (D1-MSNs) or the D2 (D2-MSNs) dopamine receptor. We show that each VP projection 1) when inhibited during a cocaine conditioned place preference (CPP) test affects performance differently; 2) receives a different pattern of inputs using rabies retrograde labeling; 3) shows differentially-expressed genes using RNA sequencing; 4) has projection-specific characteristics in excitability and synaptic input characteristics using whole-cell patch clamp. VP→LHand VP→VTAprojections have different effects on CPP and show low overlap in circuit tracing experiments, as VP→VTAneurons receive more striatal input while VP→LHneurons receive more olfactory input. Additionally, VP→VTAneurons are less excitable while VP→LHneurons are more excitable than the average VP neuron, a difference driven mainly by D2-MSN-responding neurons. Thus, VP→VTAand VP→LHneurons may represent largely distinct populations of VP neurons.

Significance statementMany modern studies in neuroscience assign distinct behavioral roles to specific circuits. These behavioral roles are often attributed to the mere connectivity between two brain regions, although different projections may also differ in other aspects and may originate, like in the striatum, from largely separate neuronal populations.

The ventral pallidum (VP) is a major structure of the reward system that sends projections to many different targets. In this work we provide for the first time a comprehensive and multimodal characterization of four major outputs of the VP, with evidence for various differences between the projections. We also suggest that two of these projections, to the ventral tegmental area and the lateral hypothalamus originate in largely separate neuronal populations.
Materials for the friction pair of the hip joint endoprosthesis (review)
Authors: Mitroshin Aleksandr N. , Ksenofontov Mikhail A. , Kosmynin Dmitry A.
Published: March 2024

Objective: to determine the effectiveness of hip endoprosthesis friction pair materials in addressing aseptic instability. Review writing methodology. Literature data analysis was performed in the national database e-Library RSCI and the international database PubMed, with the search keywords being "materials of endoprosthesis friction pairs", "reasons for revision hip arthroplasty", "osteolysis". A total of 443 sources were analyzed, further using the filters of a systematic review and the knowledge of the authors on the topic (50 were selected for review). The duration of the retrospective analysis is 15 years (2009-2023). Conclusion. The materials used in modern endoprosthesis replacement can't solve the problem of aseptic loosening of endoprosthesis components. The main way to combat the complications associated with aseptic loosening is to use new bioinert materials whose wear products do not cause osteolysis.
Intussusception with partial intestinal obstruction as a rare complication of small intestine tumor (clinical case)
Authors: Potakhin Sergey N. , Rekhen Dmitriy G. , Navolokin Nikita A. , Treshchev Maxim Yu.
Published: March 2024

A clinical case of small intestine intussusception with partial intestinal obstruction as a rare complication of small intestine tumor in adults is presented. This case demonstrates a variant of clinical signs of intussusceptions, features of preoperative diagnosis and importance of appropriate investigation of small intestine.
Sexual differences in the body composition of adolescent medical students living in the Penza region
Authors: Kalmin Oleg V. , Lukyanenko Danila A. , Galkina Tatyana N. , Frunze Elena M. , Kalmin Oleg O.
Published: March 2024

Objective: to identify gender differences in the body composition of adolescent medical students living in the Penza region. Material and methods. The object of the study were 239 people (97 boys and 142 girls) aged 16-21, born in the period 1999-2004 and permanently residing in the city of Penza and the Penza region. For the study, so-matometry was carried out according to the method of V. V. Bunak with subsequent somatotyping by the method of indices and calculation of the component composition of the body (according to the method of J. Matejka). Results. Absolute indicators of the component composition of the body of young men: the mass of the fat component is 16.74 (11.60; 25.68) kg, the mass of the bone component is 9.67 ± 0.18 kg, the mass of the muscle component is 26.11 (20.46; 31.78) kg. In girls, these indicators had the following values: the mass of the fat component was 19.8 (14.81; 26.12) kg, the mass of the bone component was 8.53 (7.34; 9.47) kg, the mass of the muscle component was 14.63 (10.53; 18.68) kg. Conclusions. For boys, there is a significant predominance of weight and height indicators (by 7% and 18.9%, respectively) and the muscular component of the body (by 44% among absolute indicators and 1.4 times among relative ones), for girls — the values of skin-fat folds (by 11.8% and 42.9%) and the fat component of the body (by 15.5% among absolute indicators and 1.4 times among relative ones).
Impairment of the melatonergic system in the pathophysiology of diabetic encephalopathy (review)
Authors: Bykov Yuri V.
Published: March 2024

Objective: to analyze the scientific literature to identify the main pathophysiological mechanisms of melatonergic system disorders in the formation of diabetic encephalopathy and to highlight the possible therapeutic efficacy of melatonin (MLT). Review writing methodology. A total of 50 scientific papers were found using the Cochrane Library, PubMed, el_ibrary.ru, Medscape, and analyzed. Database search had been performed for papers published from2011 to 2023 using the keyword combination 'diabetesmellitus", "melatonergic system", "melatonin" and "diabetic encephalopathy". Conclusion. The pathophysiology of diabetic encephalopathy is not yet fully understood, and search is ongoing for novel mechanisms underlying its development, with melatonergic system dysfunction seen as a promising hypothetical mechanism. Oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, disruption of the insulin signal transduction pathway and increased brain cell apoptosis may impair the production of MLT and trigger the melatonergic system dysfunction process. MLT is known for its marked neurotrophic effects, and its insufficiency may exacerbate cognitive impairment in diabetes mellitus.
Influence of metronidazole loaded into silver nanoparticle microcapsules on efficacy of alginate gel in correction of structural and functional disorders of dental support apparatus in rats with periodontitis
Authors: Savkina Angelina A. , Lengert Ekaterina V. , Ermakov Alexey V. , Stepanova Tatyana V. , Ivanov Alexey N.
Published: March 2024

Objective: To evaluate the effect of metronidazole loaded into silver impregnated alginate microcapsules on the structural and functional disorders of the dental support apparatus in periodontitis. Material and methods. The studies were carried out on 30 white male rats randomly divided into two groups. Comparison group — 15 animals with an experimental model of periodontitis, which underwent applications of a gel containing microcapsules without additional loading with active substances. The experimental group included 15 animals with periodontitis, which were subjected to applications of gel with microcapsules containing metronidazole on inflamed gums. To assess the morphological changes in the supporting apparatus of the tooth, the mandible was taken with subsequent histological examination. Results. Results. Application of a gel containing microcapsules with silver nanoparticles loaded with metronidazole on the gums of animals with periodontitis leads to partial reduction of structural disorders. Thus, local disorganization of the fibers of the circular ligament of the tooth in the experimental group was observed only 5 cases, signs of limited bone loss — in 2 cases out of 15. In the comparison group, all 15 animals showed bone resorption and in 13 of 15 cases there was diffuse fiber alteration throughout the circumferential ligament of the tooth. Conclusion. The inclusion of alginate microcapsules with silver nanoparticles metronidazole leads to a significant decrease in destructive processes occurring in the near-tooth tissues during periodontitis.
The temperature dependence investigation of the frequency dispersion of the electrical properties of lithium-iron spinel doped with La, Y
Authors: Vakalyuk A.V. , Gasiuk I.M. , Vakalyuk V.M.
Published: March 2024

The temperature-frequency dependences of the electrical characteristics of Li2 Fe2,5-x Mex O4 (Ме=La;Y, x=0.01; 0.03; 0.05) spinels synthesized by the «sol-gel» autocombustion technology were obtained by the method of impedance spectroscopy in the temperature range of 298-473 K.

Based on their analysis, the main mechanisms of conductivity of these materials in the studied temperature range were identified: hopping and activation, which are competing. The effect of doping lithium-iron spinels with rare-earth metal impurities on these conductivity mechanisms has been investigated. It has been established that the presence of impurities in small concentrations in the synthesized samples significantly decreases their conductivity, mainly due to destruction of the hopping mechanism of electronic conductivity.
Strength and Fracture of Paper
Authors:   KCL Paper Science Centre, Finland, Niskanen Kaarlo
Published: March 2024

In spite of forty years of research, it is still unclear how the mechanical properties of paper, particularly strength, depend on the disordered geometry of the fibrous network. Most of our understanding of the fracture phenomena of paper is based on illustrative microscopic observations. Theoretical models have traditionally been focused on the behaviour of a typical element in the network. However, the failure process seldom starts from, or proceeds through, “typical” elements. Instead, the statistical distribution of local failures is crucial for the strength of paper. With the ever more powerful computers it is now possible to simulate numerically the behaviour of disordered systems such as paper. I believe that computer simulations, in combination with new measurements and effective data analysis will lead to a better understanding and more accurate microscopic characterization of the strength and fracture properties of paper.
Pilóta nélküli légi járművek alkalmazása a vizes élőhelyek modern felmérésében
Authors: Döbröntey Réka , Grósz János , Keleti Judit Rita , Szegi Tamás , Fuchs Márta , Michéli Erika , Csorba Ádám
Published: March 2024

A vizes élőhelyek a vízi és a szárazföldi ökoszisztémák között elhelyezkedő, igen változatos, és általában nehezen lehatárolható területek. Kiemelt jelentőségük annak köszönhető, hogy bár csak a globális szárazföldi területek mintegy 6–7%-át borítják, kulcsfontosságú szerepet játszanak az éghajlat szabályozásában, a vizes ökoszisztémák biodiverzitásának és hidrológiai viszonyainak fenntartásában, valamint számos további ökológiai és társadalmi funkciót is szolgáltatnak, beleértve az árvízvédelmi, víztisztítási, szén-dioxid-tárolási, élőhelytámogatási és kulturális, rekreációs előnyöket. A vizes élőhelyek azonban mind természetes, mind antropogén hatások következtében térben és időben is dinamikusan változnak, ezért védelmük és megfigyelésük napjainkra igen fontos kutatási területté nőtte ki magát. A műholdas távérzékelés nagyobb területek egyidejű megfigyelését teszi lehetővé, azonban érzékeny a felhőzetre és a légköri hatásokra, bizonytalanságot okozva ezzel az eredményekben. A hagyományos monitoring technológiák mellett a pilóta nélküli légi járművek térnyerése egyre kifejezettebb, köszönhetően rugalmasságának, hatékonyságának és alacsony költségének, miközben nagy térbeli és időbeli felbontású, szisztematikus adatszolgáltatásra képes. Tanulmányunk a pilóta nélküli légi járművek alkalmazási lehetőségeibe nyújt betekintést a vizes élőhelyek felmérésében, valamint áttekinti és összehasonlítja az egyéb távérzékelés technológiák alkalmazhatóságát ezen területek megfigyelésében. Célja, hogy elősegítse a dróntechnológia további terjedését és széles körű alkalmazását a vizes élőhelyek monitorozásában.
Social Practices of Tourism in Modern Russia (By the Example of the Volgograd Region)
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Vasiliev Evgeniy , Guryeva Elena ,   Volgograd State University
Published: March 2024

The methodological basis of this research is built within the framework of the theory of social changes conditioned by social practice transformation. The article reveals the concept of the term "practice". It also highlights the main approaches to studying mobility and connections in the system of tourism social practices (leisure practices, recreation, mobility, infrastructure, institutional factors, etc.). It is shown that social tourism practices are included in a complex with such practices as sports and excursions. Moreover, they are conjugated with space and time and are conditioned by technological progress and socio-economic processes. Several main trends are highlighted in this study. Firstly, changes in practices over time and during processes of institutionalization. Secondly, practices follow the results of infrastructure development. Thirdly, the tourist services market is affected by the economic influence of large companies. There are other main trends described in the article. The empirical base of this study is presented by data from the mass questionnaire survey "Social practices in the tourism field" conducted in the Volgograd region in October – November 2021 (n = 861; the sample is multistage and quota, with quotas by gender and age). The main purpose was to identify the social practices of actors living in the Volgograd region. The main problem was the correlation between Volgograd region residents' needs and opportunities for the implementation of social practices in the tourism field. It is revealed that income level is one of the leading factors influencing the organization of travel and the choice of a place to relax. The main sources of travel information are virtual and real social networks. The most common social practices are beach holidays and visiting nature. Volgograd region residents prefer to travel with their family and organize their holidays on their own (including traveling by private car). These facts suggest that social practices are not fully implemented, and sometimes actors reproduce a system of social actions or demonstrate affective behavior.
The cAMP-PKA signalling crosstalks with CWI and HOG-MAPK pathways in yeast cell response to osmotic and thermal stress
Authors: Galello Fiorella , Bermúdez-Moretti Mariana , Ortolá Martínez María Clara , Rossi Silvia , Portela Paula
Published: March 2024

The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is widely used in food and non-food industries. During industrial fermentation yeast strains are exposed to fluctuations in oxygen concentration, osmot-ic pressure, pH, ethanol concentration, nutrient availability and temperature. Fermentation performance depends on the ability of the yeast strains to adapt to these changes. Suboptimal conditions trigger responses to the external stimuli to allow homeostasis to be maintained. Stress-specific signalling pathways are activated to co-ordinate changes in transcription, translation, protein function, and metabolic fluxes while a transient arrest of growth and cell cycle progression occur. cAMP-PKA, HOG-MAPK and CWI signalling path-ways are turned on during stress response. Comprehension of the mechanisms involved in the responses and in the adaptation to these stresses during fermentation is key to improving this industri-al process. The scope of this review is to outline the advancement of knowledge about the cAMP-PKA signalling and the crosstalk of this pathway with the CWI and HOG-MAPK cascades in response to the environmental challenges heat and hyperosmotic stress.
Obstacles to critical thinking: A qualitative study on secondary school learners in Masvingo, Zimbabwe
Authors: Wekwete Prayers , Higgs Leonie
Published: March 2024

The research reported on in this article was mainly undertaken to determine the obstacles to the enhancement of critical thinking in the learning of history at Form 3 level in secondary schools in the Masvingo urban area of Zimbabwe, in terms of the rationale of developing the learners’ critical thinking. The promotion of critical thinking abilities is vital in education, since doing so helps to improve the learners’ academic performance, as well as aiding in producing graduates with a multiplicity of skills that are required in the 21st century job market and in society as a whole. We used semi-structured interviews and lesson observations to reach conclusions on what recommendations to make in addressing the research problem. Several factors were identified as hindering the learners’ acquisition of critical thinking, including the learners’ and teachers’ lack of self-efficacy, motivation and the poor learning environment. In addition to reflecting on the possibility of improving the learning and teaching of critical thinking, we recommend that the Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education, Zimbabwe’s Schools Examination Council, teacher training colleges and teachers should all work together to develop the learners’ critical thinking skills within the parameters of the Zimbabwean education system.
Setting up classroom libraries in rural areas: The case of Mogodumo circuit in Limpopo
Authors: Motseke M , Maja MM , Meeran S
Published: March 2024

There is an urgent need to establish classroom libraries, especially in rural areas where learners hardly come across any reading material. The purpose of this study was to investigate how teachers set up classroom libraries in rural areas of the Mogodumo circuit in the Limpopo province of South Africa. The study was qualitative in nature. Fifteen English First Additional Language (EFAL) teachers from 12 schools participated in the study. Observation and semi-structured interviews were employed to collect data. It was found that while all participants recognised the importance of reading for their learners, only 7 of the 15 teachers managed to establish classroom libraries. The study revealed that teacher self-efficacy (TSE) played a crucial role in setting up classroom libraries, given the serious challenges of funding, resources and support experienced by rural schoolteachers. Teachers with high TSE managed to establish classroom libraries by using their own time, money, and resources, while those with low TSE failed to establish classroom libraries. We recommend that school managers should make time and resources available to rural schoolteachers to enable them to establish classroom libraries.
Awake Tracheal Intubation sebagai Pendekatan Anestesi pada Pasien dengan Predictive Difficult Airway: Laporan Kasus dari Perspektif Frontliner
Authors: Swari Rani Pradnya , Sanjaya Dewa Ngakan Gde Dwija
Published: March 2024

Laporan kasus ini bertujuan meningkatkan kesadaran tentang tantangan risiko dan pengelolaan masalah jalan napas yang sulit di daerah pedesaan dengan kekurangan fasilitas di ruang operasi. Kami melaporkan kasus laki-laki 31 tahun dengan karsinoma sel skuamosa masif di sisi kiri leher yang dikirim untuk eksisi dan drainase tumor. Pasien dinilai dengan status fisik ASA III karena prediksi jalan napas sulit dan suspek septik. Kami mengalami kesulitan untuk meraba sendi temporomandibular dan kekakuan pada leher. Pasien kami intubasi dalam kondisi sadar sepenuhnya dengan beberapa kesulitan karena kekurangan obat dan alat di rumah sakit kami. Pasien diekstubasi dalam kondisi sadar dengan aman setelah proses operasi dan dipindahkan ke ICU.
Active Sites of Cu/ZnO-Based Catalysts for CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol: Part I
Authors: Salmi Mustafa Al
Published: March 2024

Heterogeneous Cu/ZnO-based catalysts are widely used for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol, but limitations remain for industrial applications. These include achieving high methanol selectivity and conversion and mitigating deactivation by water poisoning. Part I of this review explores the role of active sites on Cu/ZnO-based catalysts in CO2 conversion. The synergistic interaction between copper and zinc oxide is emphasised, particularly regarding interfacial effects on carbon monoxide activation and formate formation. The discussion covers theoretical and experimental perspectives on active site characteristics, including defects, vacancies, steps and strain. Additionally, the review explores the connection between Cu/ZnO-based catalysts properties and methanol synthesis activity.