bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reduced Cholecystokinin-Expressing Interneuron Input Contributes to Disinhibition of the Hippocampal CA2 Region in a Mouse Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Whitebirch Alexander C. , Santoro Bina , Barnett Anastasia , Lisgaras Christos Panagiotis , Scharfman Helen E. , Siegelbaum Steven A.
Published: August 2023

A significant proportion of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients experience drug-resistant seizures associated with mesial temporal sclerosis, in which there is extensive cell loss in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 subfields, with a relative sparing of dentate gyrus granule cells and CA2 pyramidal neurons (PNs). A role for CA2 in seizure generation was suggested based on findings of a reduction in CA2 synaptic inhibition (Williamson and Spencer, 1994) and the presence of interictal-like spike activity in CA2 in resected hippocampal tissue from TLE patients (Wittner et al., 2009). We recently found that in the pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (PILO-SE) mouse model of TLE there was an increase in CA2 intrinsic excitability associated with a loss of CA2 synaptic inhibition. Furthermore, chemogenetic silencing of CA2 significantly reduced seizure frequency, consistent with a role of CA2 in promoting seizure generation and/or propagation (Whitebirch et al., 2022). In the present study, we explored the cellular basis of this inhibitory deficit using immunohistochemical and electrophysiological approaches in PILO-SE male and female mice. We report a widespread decrease in the density of pro-cholecystokinin-immunopositive (CCK+) interneurons and a functional impairment of CCK+interneuron-mediated inhibition of CA2 PNs. We also found a disruption in the perisomatic perineuronal net in the CA2 stratum pyramidale. Such pathologic alterations may contribute to an enhanced excitation of CA2 PNs and CA2-dependent seizure activity in the PILO-SE mouse model.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTImpaired synaptic inhibition in hippocampal circuits has been identified as a key feature that contributes to the emergence and propagation of seizure activity in human patients and animal models of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Among the hippocampal subfields, the CA2 region is particularly resilient to seizure-associated neurodegeneration and has been suggested to play a key role in seizure activity in TLE. Here we report that perisomatic inhibition of CA2 pyramidal neurons mediated by cholecystokinin-expressing interneurons is selectively reduced in acute hippocampal slices from epileptic mice. Parvalbumin-expressing interneurons, in contrast, appear relatively conserved in epileptic mice. These findings advance our understanding of the cellular mechanisms underlying inhibitory disruption in hippocampal circuits in a mouse model of spontaneous recurring seizures.
Geochemical peculiarities of germanium, arsenic, mercury, beryllium, fluorine and total sulfur in the C8h coal seam of the Dniprovska mine field
Authors: Ishkov Valerii , Kozii Yevhen , Chernobuk Oleksandr
Published: August 2023

In the article, the authors establish and analyze the relationship between the contents of germanium, toxic elements and the total sulfur content of the coal seam of the Dniprovska Mine field. In the process of the research, in order to achieve the purpose set in the work, correlation and regression analysis was carried out using methods that are implemented in one of the most popular professional mining and geological information systems for 3D modeling of deposits, statistical processing of mining and geological data and construction of actual mine workings and planning of mining operations – Micromine, and their analysis in geological concepts was performed. It is proved that the distribution of germanium, toxic elements and total sulfur content in the coal seam с8н of the Dniprovska Mine field differ from the Gauss-Laplace and lognormal distributions. It is established that analyzes of graphs of polynomial pair regression models of the relationship between the normalized concentrations of germanium and the contents of toxic elements make it possible to identify different areas of their concentrations, which differ significantly in their nature. It is substantiated that the minimum contents of arsenic, germanium and total sulfur in the coal seam с8н of the Dniprovska Mine were jointly accumulated at the syngenetic stage of its formation. A decrease in the concentrations of germanium with an increase in the content of fluorine, mercury, arsenic, and total sulfur is associated with epigenetic processes, which in this particular case lead to the outcrop of germanium. The synchronous increase in the contents of germanium and beryllium in the area of their low and abnormally low concentrations is due to the compatible accumulation of these elements at the syngenetic stage of formation of the coal seam, and their increase in the area of maximum contents is caused by the manifestation of the empirical regularity of the “Zilbermints law”. It was established that there is a very low correlation between the concentrations of germanium and toxic elements and total sulfur, therefore, the extraction of germanium from the coal seam will not be accompanied by their significant accumulation during technological processes. It is proven that for a more realistic assessment of the central tendency of the content of germanium, toxic elements and total sulfur, it is necessary to use the median values instead of the median values. The influence of syngenetic and epigenetic processes on the nature of the relationship between germanium concentrations, toxic elements and total sulfur content in the coal seam с8н of the Dniprovska Mine was revealed.
Adherence to the AAP’s Institutional Ethics Committee Policy Recommendations
Authors: Weaver Meaghann S. , Ulrich Connie M. , Moon Margaret R. , Walter Jennifer K.
Published: August 2023

OBJECTIVES

In 2019, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) outlined 8 operational recommendations for pediatric institutional ethics committees (IECs). The study purpose was to quantify the extent to which pediatric IECs adhere to the AAP IEC Policy Statement recommendations.

METHODS

A convenience sample of ethics points of contact from Children’s Hospital Association membership were invited to complete an electronic survey on their ethics programs and practices in spring 2022. Nineteen survey questions were preidentified as reflecting measures specific to best practice standards previously published by the AAP. This subset of questions was analyzed using frequencies and categorized to assess for adherence to the AAP IEC policy recommendations.

RESULTS

A total of 117 out of 181 surveys were completed (65%). Stark IEC practice gaps include: lack of diversity of membership, training needs to maintain members’ competencies, quality improvement within the organization, and scope of ethics service. Over one-quarter of IECs do not have a systematic way of informing hospital staff about ethics consultancy services and how to place an ethics consult. Nineteen percent of responding IEC services do not inform patients or families about the existence of ethics consult services. One-third of responding children’s hospitals do not provide resources for the IECs to engage in ethics education at the facility.

CONCLUSIONS

IECs in children’s hospitals are not consistently abiding by operational recommendations. Next steps should include assessment of recommendation barriers and enablers with a goal of enhancing strong practices across IECs in children’s hospitals.
Renin-angiotenzin-aldoszteron-rendszer-gátlók fix gyógyszer-kombinációinak egyéves perzisztenciája hypertoniás betegekben
Authors: Simonyi Gábor , Ferenci Tamás , Finta Ervin , Medvegy Mihály , Wittmann István
Published: August 2023

Bevezetés: Az európai és a hazai hypertoniaajánlásokban kiemelt
helyen szerepelnek a különböző hatóanyagok fix kombinációi. Az antihypertensiv
terápia első lépésének egy renin-angiotenzin-aldoszteron-rendszer-antagonistának
(RAAS-gátló) a kalciumcsatorna-blokkolókkal (CCB) vagy diuretikumokkal alkotott
fix kombinációit (FDC) javasolják. Célkitűzések: A szerzők
célja a RAAS-gátló FDC-k egyéves perzisztenciájának összehasonlítása volt
hypertonia indikációjában. Módszer: Az Országos
Egészségbiztosítási Pénztár vényforgalmi adataiból azokat a betegeket
választották ki a szerzők, akik a 2012. október 1. és 2013. szeptember 30.
közötti időszakban első alkalommal váltották ki bármely RAAS-gátló FDC-k
receptjeit, és akik a beválasztási időszakot megelőző egy évben nem váltottak ki
hasonló készítményeket. A perzisztencia modellezésére a túlélés-analízis
klasszikus eszköztárát alkalmazták, ahol a „túlélési” idő a gyógyszer szedésének
abbahagyásáig eltelt idő volt. Eredmények: A beválasztási
követelményeknek 443 149 beteg felelt meg. Az angiotenzinkonvertálóenzim-gátló
(ACE-gátló)/CCB FDC-k egyéves perzisztenciája 44,59%, az
angiotenzin-II-receptor-inhibitor (ARB)/tiazid diuretikum (HCT) FDC-k eredménye
42,52% volt, amelyet az ACE-gátló/indapamid FDC-k 37,27%-kal, az ARB/CCB FDC-k
29,04%-kal, az ACE-gátló/HCT FDC-k 27,47%-kal követtek. Az ACE-gátló/indapamid
FDC-hez (referencia) képest az ACE-gátló/CCB-k elhagyásának kockázata
31%-ponttal (HR = 0,69, 95% CI 0,6855–0,6996, p<0,0001), az ARB/HCT FDC-ké
18%-ponttal (HR = 0,82, 95% CI 0,8096–0,8267, p<0,0001) volt kedvezőbb, míg
az ACE-gátló/HCT FDC-ké 17%-ponttal (HR = 1,17, 95% CI 1,1562–1,1825,
p<0,0001), az ARB/CCB FDC-ké 20%-ponttal (HR = 1,20 95% CI 1,17316–1,2239,
p<0,0001) volt kedvezőtlenebb. A 360 napra korlátozott átlagos
gyógyszerszedési idő 239,9 nap volt az ACE-gátló/CCB FDC-k, 214,8 nap az ARB/HCT
FDC-k, 193,8 nap az ACE-gátló/indapamid FDC-k, 178,8 nap az ARB/CCB FDC-k és
177,6 nap az ACE-gátló/HCT FDC-k esetén. Következtetés: A
szerzők hypertoniás betegeken igazolták azt, hogy a RAAS-gátló FDC-k egyéves
perzisztenciája jelentős mértékben különbözik. A legelőnyösebbnek az
ACE-gátló/CCB FDC-k bizonyultak. Orv Hetil. 2023; 164(34): 1337–1341.
Veleszületett aniridiás betegek látáskárosodással kapcsolatos tapasztalatai Magyarországon.
Authors: Csidey Mária , Grupcheva Christina , Stachon Tanja , Hecker Dietmar , Náray Annamária , Kéki-Kovács Klaudia , Németh Orsolya , Knézy Krisztina , Bausz Mária , Szigeti Andrea , Csorba Anita , Kormányos Kitti , Szabó Dorottya , Corton Marta , Tory Kálmán , Nagy Zoltán Zsolt , Lagali Neil , Maka Erika , Szentmáry Nóra
Published: August 2023

Bevezetés: Az aniridia ritka, veleszületett panocularis
betegség, mely a látóélesség különböző mértékű csökkenésével jár.
Célkitűzés: Veleszületett aniridiás betegek
látáskárosodásukkal kapcsolatos tapasztalatainak felmérése Magyarországon egy,
az ANIRIDIA-NET által készített kérdőív segítségével. Betegek és
módszer: A vizsgálatba a Semmelweis Egyetem Szemészeti Klinikáján
2005. október és 2022. május között congenitalis aniridia diagnózisával vizsgált
vagy kezelt betegeket válogattuk be. A betegek az ANIRIDIA-NET 20 pontból álló
kérdőívének magyar nyelvű változatát töltötték ki a segítségünkkel. A kérdőív
kitért a demográfiai adatokra, a betegség okozta leggyakoribb panaszokra, a
különböző élethelyzetekben tapasztalt, gyengénlátás okozta nehézségekre, illetve
gyengénlátó-segédeszközök használatának gyakoriságára.
Eredmények: A kérdőívet 33 személy (17 nő [51,5%] és 16
férfi [48,5%]), 16 (48,5%) gyermek és 17 (51,5%) felnőtt töltötte ki, életkoruk
25,69 ± 17,49 év (5–59 év) volt. Mindennapi gyakorisággal fényérzékenységet 27
fő (81,8%), szemszárazságot 5 fő (15,2%), könnyezést 4 fő (12,1%), ingadozó
látást 3 fő (9,1%), szemfájdalmat 2 fő (6,1%) említett. A megkérdezettek
többsége úgy nyilatkozott, hogy a személyes kommunikáció az iskolatársakkal (16
fő [48,5%]), illetve munkahelyi kollégákkal (11 fő [33,3%]) soha nem okoz
nehézséget a látássérülésük miatt. Soha nem tartott igényt segítségre 29 fő
(87,9%) az otthoni napi rutinban, 24 fő (72,7%) iskolába/munkába jutáshoz, 17 fő
(51,5%) különböző tevékenységekben való részvételhez. Soha nem használt
gyengénlátó-segédeszközt 29 fő (87,8%) a kommunikációnál, 23 fő (69,7%)
utazásnál, 20 fő (60,6%) társadalmi tevékenységekben való részvételnél, 18 fő
(54,5%) tanulás/munka során. Következtetés: Noha az aniridia
csökkent látóélességgel jár, a congenitalis aniridiás személyek többsége,
különösen gyermekkorban, szemészeti panaszai ellenére nehézség nélkül éli meg a
személyes kommunikációt és a különféle élethelyzeteket. A
gyengénlátó-segédeszközök fontos segítséget jelenthetnek számukra
felnőttkorukra, illetve az életkor előrehaladtával. Orv Hetil. 2023; 164(34):
1342–1349.
Purpose Trends Report.	A selection of what has been published about Purpose in July 2023
Authors: Florez-Jimenez M.P. , Lleo A.
Published: August 2023

In this report, we want to synthesize the most relevant about corporate purpose published in July 2023. For this aim, we did a content search (using selected keywords) in Scopus and Google Scholar for academic publications; and diffusion magazines and other trusted sites for articles and reports. We selected relevant publications about organizational purpose, purpose alignment, and personal purpose. Also, we include successful cases that show how corporate purpose has been implemented. Bellow, we present statistics about the selected literature.
Long COVID Among Children: United States, 2022
Authors: Vahratian Anjel , Adjaye-Gbewonyo Dzifa , Lin Jin-Mann S. , Saydah Sharon
Published: August 2023

This report provides health data from the National Center for Health Statistics.
Athletics is Education
Authors: Harry Molly
Published: August 2023

While participation in intercollegiate athletics has historically been classified as extracurricular, sports have the potential to serve as an educational avenue in postsecondary institutions if reframed through a higher education lens. Through a synthesis of research on traditional college students’ and athletes’ educational experiences, the current article highlights the unique nexus of higher education and Division I intercollegiate athletics by extending Chickering and Gamson’s (1987) seven principles for good practice in undergraduate education to intercollegiate athletics. First, the Seven Principles are briefly presented in their original form relating to the traditional higher education environment: (1) encourage contact between students and faculty, (2) develop reciprocity and cooperation among students, (3) encourage active learning, (4) give prompt feedback, (5) emphasize time on task, (6) communicate high expectations, and (7) respect diverse talents and ways of learning. Next, these factors are reconsidered and applied to the educational development of Division I intercollegiate athletes. Finally, implications of applying this framework and further integrating the educational components of collegiate sport to cultivate improved experiences for athletes are provided.
Pochówki wojskowe z pierwszej wojny światowej na terenie Lwowa i powiatu lwowskiego. Zarys problemu
Authors:   Uniwersytet Szczeciński, Tomczyk Ryszard
Published: August 2023

The article is an attempt to introduce the little-known in Polish science issue of World War I war graves in Lviv and other localities of the Lviv district, i.e., Eastern Galicia/ Eastern Malopolska, in the lost lands. World War I war cemeteries and soldiers’ quarters were destroyed in Soviet Western Ukraine after World War II.
Development of nanostructured catalysts for catalytic oxidative water purification from organic impurities, including phenolic compounds
Authors: Sassykova Larissa R. , Dossumova Binara T. , Ilmuratova Madina S. , Shakiyeva Tatyana V. , Baizhomartov Bedelzhan B. , Sassykova Albina R. , Zhaxibayeva Zhanar M. , Abildin Tleutai S.
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this work was to create magnetic nanocatalysts that could be used for the oxidation of organic water pollutants – phenol and its derivatives – and to determine the physicochemical characteristics of the catalysts. The development of such active nanocomposite catalysts would solve the environmental problem in the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of wastewater treatment from organic impurities, including phenols, and would also contribute to the subsequent creation of domestic production of oxygen-containing compounds, since almost the entire spectrum of oxygen-containing compounds for various industries is imported into the Republic. Nanosized magnetic composites based on Fe and Co were obtained by chemical deposition, in some cases, using polyethyleneimine and polyvinylpyrrolidone. It was shown that the interaction between nanoparticles and the polymer takes place in the case of a CoFe2O4 catalyst stabilized with polyvinylpyrrolidone or polyethyleneimine, which may indicate the efficient formation of nanocomposites. According to the IR study, for the CoFe2O4 nanocomposite stabilized with polyvinylpyrrolidone, the absorption bands at 735, 663, 649, 626 cm–1 are natural vibrations for the composite nanoparticles embedded in a polyvinylpyrrolidone matrix. The synthesized nanocomposites were tested in the oxidation of phenol with oxygen. The results demonstrate that the catalysts are promising both for the purification of industrial wastewater from phenol and for the synthesis of oxygen-containing compounds in the liquid phase under mild conditions.
Diagnosis and treatment of sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy using hemosorption therapy: a case report
Authors: Dil S. V. , Kirilin V. V. , Ivanov N. M. , Ryabov V. V.
Published: August 2023

Introduction. Sepsis is a life-threatening organ failure caused by the body’s dysregulated response to infection. The prevalence of sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SICM) in patients with sepsis ranges from 10 to 70%, while there are no special sections on SICM in the known resuscitation manuals. There is also a lack of large clinical trials evaluating the effectiveness of SICM treatment.

Case. A 59-year-old patient was urgently hospitalized in the intensive care unit with shock of unknown origin. Emergency coronary angiography revealed no coronary obstruction. Two hours after admission, asystole was recorded with effective cardiopulmonary resuscitation, mechanical ventilation, infusion of inotropic and vasopressor drugs. The patient was diagnosed with leukocytosis up to 19*109/l, procalcitonin >0,5 ng/ml. Subsequently, stage 2 acute kidney injury, pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, SICM, combined shock (cardiogenic, septic) were diagnosed. Antibiotic and hemosorption therapy using a CytoSorb column were started. On the 6th day, there was a improvement of hemodynamic parameters, a decrease in the rate of vasopressor infusion, and normalization of the left ventricular ejection fraction. The condition has stabilized with further favorable changes.

Discussion. Despite the wide prevalence and high mortality in SICM, this condition is not well described in the literature, and there are no clear diagnostic criteria and treatment algorithms. This case demonstrates the effective treatment of SICM at the stage when the prognosis of patients becomes extremely unfavorable, reaching 90% mortality.

Conclusion. This case demonstrates the effective treatment of SICM as an element of multiple organ failure, in the outcome of sepsis, using efferent methods, when the prognosis becomes extremely unfavorable. Personalized approach and management of these patients is critical to improve disease outcomes.
Features of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes under the influence of renal denervation in patients with resistant hypertension
Authors: Lichikaki V. A. , Mordovin V. F. , Pekarskiy S. E. , Zyubanova I. V. , Manukyan M. A. , Solonskaya E. I. , Vtorushina A. A. , Khunkhinova S. A. , Sukhareva A. E. , Usov V. Yu. , Falkovskaya A. Yu.
Published: August 2023

Aim. To study brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes in patients with resistant hypertension (HTN) after renal denervation (RD) and its cerebral protection effectiveness.

Material and methods. The study included 111 patients, of whom 50 were men (45%) and 61 were women (55%), who underwent RD. The mean number of antihypertensive drugs taken regularly was 4,1±1,1. All patients underwent brain MRI and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring before and after renal denervation. The data were statistically processed using Statistica 10,0 software.

Results. After RD, a pronounced antihypertensive effect was observed with a significant reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure by 10,3/5,5 and 13,1/7,3 mm Hg at 6 and 12 months, respectively. Office blood pressure, daytime, and nighttime blood pressure levels also decreased (p<0,001). According to MRI data after RD, a decrease in the relative number of patients with I and II degree cerebrospinal fluid circulation changes and an increase in the proportion of patients without detected pathology were noted, but no significant difference in the obtained results was found. A decrease in the linear dimensions of brain ventricles was observed, including a reduction in the size of the left posterior horn of the lateral ventricle (p=0,03) and the third ventricle diameter (p=0,02) at 6 months after RD. At 12 months, the sizes of the anterior horn (p=0,04) and left lateral ventricle body (p=0,017) decreased. A positive effect of RD on the linear dimensions of cerebrospinal fluid system was noted, manifested by a decrease in the mean size of frontal subarachnoid spaces (p=0,028). No significant changes in the frequency and degree of focal lesions and lacunar infarcts were observed after RD (p>0,05).

Conclusion. RD contributes to a significant decrease in blood pressure levels and exerts a cerebral protective effect by reducing lateral brain ventricles, subarachnoid spaces, and absence of ischemia progression and intracranial hypertension after intervention.
Differential diagnosis of ischemic and non-ischemic myocardial lesion in a patient with COVID-19: a case report
Authors: Kononov S. K. , Kraev A. R. , Ralnikova U. A. , Solovyov O. V. , Klepikovskaya O. N.
Published: August 2023

The article presents a case of myocardial lesion associated with a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The clinical course of the disease demonstrates the complexity of differential diagnosis. The importance of using modern imaging techniques (cardiac magnetic resonance imaging) in addition to standard examination methods is emphasized.
Therapeutic hypothermia in acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Ryabov V. V , Vyshlov E. V
Published: August 2023

The review provides basic information on the effect of therapeutic hypothermia on myocardial ischemia, as well as analyzes experimental and clinical studies on therapeutic hypothermia in myocardial infarction. The results of comparison of general body hypothermia and local myocardial hypothermia are discussed. The ways of further studies of this technology in myocardial infarction are outlined.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON HEAT TRANSFER AND PRESSURE LOSS CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GROOVED HELICALLY COILED TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER
Authors: Cao Jiaming , Wang Xuesheng , Yuan Yuyang , Zhang Zhao , Xiao Zhengyan
Published: August 2023

Helically coiled tube heat exchangers have long been a subject of intense research due to their compact structure
and efficient heat transfer capabilities. To further augment their performance, this study proposes a grooved
helically coiled tube heat exchanger and establishes an experimental platform for a comparative analysis against a
conventional helically coiled tube heat exchanger. Through the utilization of water and steam as working fluids, a
comprehensive series of experiments was conducted to investigate heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics.
Applying the Wilson plot method, heat transfer coefficients were computed for both the tube and shell sides. The
experimental results demonstrate that the maximum relative error of tube-side pressure drop in comparison with
empirical correlations does not exceed 24%, while the average error for the tube-side heat transfer coefficient is
approximately 13%. Moreover, heat transfer coefficients on the shell side can increase by up to 69%, albeit with a significant rise in pressure drop, reaching up to 96%. By employing heat exchanger effectiveness as a comprehensive
criterion, the grooved helically coiled tube heat exchanger's effectiveness can increase by up to 23%. These outcomes suggest that the external grooves can effectively amplify the heat transfer efficiency of helically coiled tube heat exchangers.
İlkokul Öğrencilerinin Hikâye Yazma Becerileri ile Yazmaya Yönelik Duyuşsal Özellikleri Arasındaki İlişki
Authors: YURTBAKAN Ergün
Published: August 2023

Bu çalışma, ilkokul öğrencilerinin hikaye yazma becerileri ile yazma kaygı, tutum, motivasyonlarının ve öz-yeterlikleri arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmada ilişkisel tarama modeli benimsenmiştir. Çalışmaya uygun durum örnekleme yolu ile Trabzon ili Maçka ilçesinden 121 ilkokul 4. sınıf öğrencisi seçilmiştir. Veriler yazılı anlatım formu, yazma tutum, yazma öz yeterlik, yazma motivasyonu ve yazma kaygısı ölçekleri ile toplanmıştır. İlkokul öğrencilerinden elde edilen veriler bağımsız t testi, Kruskal Wallis testi ve Pearson korelasyon analizi ile analiz edilmiştir. Analizler sonucunda; kız öğrencilerin hikaye yazma becerilerinin erkeklerden daha yüksek olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Babası ilkokul mezunu olan öğrencilerin yazma tutumlarının babası üniversite mezunu olanlardan, babası ortaokul mezunu olan öğrencilerin babası lise ve üniversite mezunu olan öğrencilerden daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. İlkokul öğrencilerinin hikaye yazma becerileri ile motivasyonları arasında, yazma tutumları ile yazma motivasyonları ve yazma öz yeterlikleri arasında; yazma motivasyonları ile hikaye yazma becerileri, yazma öz yeterlikleri ve kaygıları arasında; yazma öz yeterlikleri ile yazma tutumları, motivasyonları ve kaygıları arasında, yazma kaygıları ile yazma motivasyonları ve öz yeterlikleri arasında ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir. En yüksek ilişkinin ise yazma motivasyonu ile yazma öz yeterliği arasında olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır.
Taxation of Litigation Costs under Uniform Rule 70: Attorneys Acting as Counsel are Entitled to Equal Reimbursement for Equal Work by Advocates
Authors: Moosa Fareed
Published: August 2023

Unlike during the apartheid era, high courts are no longer the terrain of advocates solely. By law, qualifying attorneys have a right of audience there. When attorneys render services usually performed by advocates and they secure a party-and-party costs order for their clients, then a question arising is whether the unsuccessful litigant is liable to indemnify the successful litigant on the lower tariff ordinarily applicable to attorneys' fees under Uniform Rule 70, or the higher tariff of reasonable fees applied to advocates under Uniform Rule 69. This important issue in the law of costs forms the core subject of this article. It engages therewith through a critical analysis of the prevailing case law dealing with Uniform Rule 70(3) read with Uniform Rule 70 tariff item A(10), as well as an application of the mandatory interpretive directive in section 39(2) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 taken with the tools of textual, contextual and purposive interpretation.
This article argues that Taxing Masters, as gatekeepers of fairness and practicality in determining the recoverability of litigation costs, cannot when taxing a party-and-party bill apply one standard or set of rules for assessing advocates' fees in relation to high court work and then apply another for assessing attorneys' fees for doing the same (or substantially the same) work. Such a situation would be inimical to the tenets of the rule of law promoting justice and equity which apply at a taxation, being a legal proceeding in a forum envisaged by section 34 of the Constitution. This article argues further that Taxing Masters must embrace the salutary principle that attorneys are entitled to equal pay for equal work done as counsel, and that a contrary approach would endorse the notion that advocates are more equal than attorneys, a view antithetical to the values of and fundamental rights to dignity and equality entrenched in the Constitution, all of which find application when a Taxing Master exercises his public powers under Uniform Rule 70(1).
Teaching and learning sensitive and controversial topics in history through and with decolonial love
Authors: Maluleka P
Published: August 2023

The Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS) school history curriculum of post-apartheid South Africa is littered with sensitive and controversial topics. Many history teachers and their learners do not know how to confront these topics, especially in multiracial, multicultural, and diverse classrooms. Therefore, this paper explores how the idea of decolonial love (Sandoval, 2000; Maldonado-Torres, 2006) could inform alternative creative pedagogies or contribute to existing pedagogical frameworks that history teachers and their learners employ when engaging sensitive and controversial topics. In this paper I argue that decolonial love has the potential to enable both history teachers and their learners to engage with sensitive and controversial topics in history in ways that promote empathy, cognitive, social and epistemic justice, inclusivity, critical thinking, respect, love, and tolerance for others as envisioned in the CAPS document. This would, in turn, promote the transgression of knowledge boundaries for knowledge co-construction (Keating, 2013) and thus, enable a way of doing history that promotes pluriversal (situated) knowledges (Santos, 2014). Lastly, I argue that decolonial love can provide a useful pedagogical framework for teaching sensitive and controversial topics since it ties together different approaches to teach such topics.
Teaching democratic values through history in South African primary schools
Authors: Mkhomi S
Published: August 2023

South African schools are governed by the South African Constitution of 1996 which prescribes the promotion of democratic values. This prescription cascades down to inform the Curriculum and Policy Statement (CAPS) that provides a curriculum policy framework for implementation. Schools are not only centring of learning that provide the rudiments and foundations of future learning, but indispensable centres for socialisation and transmission of social norms, values, and appropriate social behaviours. South African teachers have the mammoth task of being both the transmitters, role models, and teachers of democratic values as enshrined in the South African Constitution. The main question this study seeks to answer is: how can primary school history lessons be utilised to inculcate democratic values? Teaching democratic values through history lessons in primary schools remains a paradox, in the sense that, as a teacher you have to teach what is in the textbook, without being bias even though as a teacher you might you might have a different opinion on. Moreover, the inconsistencies in the era of fake news, conspiracy theories within the South African context, as well as challenges of racial polarisation, economic deprivation, unemployment, and heightened social inequality have exacerbated the inconsistencies in history teaching. Thus, teaching democratic values in South African primary schools has become more important than ever before to mitigate the plethora of these challenges. The present study engages the Qualitative Content Analysis method to analyse qualitative data from documented information in texts, media, and academic articles. It is underpinned by the Ubuntu African Philosophy and it concludes that there is an alignment between the democratic values and the CAPS Policy document. Findings also point to the critical role of history teachers to inculcate democratic values, and use appropriate knowledge that must be based on facts and evidence.
Biomarker Development, Methodological Challenges
Authors: Cutter Gary
Published: August 2023

Biomarker development is a common endeavor in medical research.  The purpose is to find indicators of disease occurrence or prognostic markers for response.   The process of development of biomarkers often starts with showing mean differences between responders and non-responders  or those with a disease or condition versus those without.  However, these statistically significant mean differences, while necessary are not sufficient to validate a biomarker.  Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value are at least as important and the relative increase in performance using the biomarker over the usual clinical variables should be demonstrated.  This paper discusses the various assessments in the context of use for the biomarker,  the need for characteristics in addition to mean differences and the importance of independent validation of putative biomarkers.  Lastly, it is hoped that the process and thoroughness be considered with recognition that the task is at best a difficult task.
MuSK-CAART: A novel precision cellular therapy for muscle-specific tyrosine kinase myasthenia gravis
Authors: Payne Aimee , Oh Sangwook
Published: August 2023

Chimeric autoantibody receptor (CAAR) T cells are a novel genetically-engineered T cell immunotherapy that aims to durably eliminate antigen-specific B cells while sparing healthy B cells, ideally leading to safe and lasting remission of B cell-mediated autoimmune diseases with a one-time infusion. We describe the preclinical development of muscle-specific tyrosine kinase CAAR T cells (MuSK-CAART) for the treatment of MuSK myasthenia gravis, a debilitating autoantibody-mediated disease that causes potentially life-threatening muscle weakness.
Identification of Rare Membrane Antigen Specific Human B Cells
Authors: Sanderson Nicholas
Published: August 2023

The experimentally well supported model that MG pathology is caused by antibodies of the IgG class that bind to AChR at the neuromuscular junction, activate complement, and possibly cause internalization of receptors or their functional blockade has enabled the development of a range of reasonably effective treatments. A better understanding of which B cells are responsible for producing these pathogenic antibodies, and why such B cells develop would enable the development of more targeted therapies. Studies of antibodies isolated from single B cells from patients have provided some of this information that was not available from studies of polyclonal antibodies in sera, but perhaps future studies of the B cells themselves will provide deeper insight into the causes of the disease and thereby enable its prevention.
Assay Development and Measurement of Autoantibody-Mediated Complement Activity in Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: Obaid Abeer
Published: August 2023

Autoantibodies against the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) play a critical role in myasthenia gravis, where autoantibody-mediated complement activation has been implicated in neuromuscular junction damage. However, the exact pathogenic role of the autoantibodies in complement activation remains unclear. We developed a cell-based assay that measures AChR autoantibody–mediated complement membrane attack complex (MAC) formation. A modified HEK293T cell line using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to disrupt expression of the complement regulator genes (CD46, CD55, and CD59)—was used to measure AChR autoantibody–mediated membrane attack complex (MAC) formation through flow cytometry. We observed a modest correlation between autoantibody-mediated complement mediated activity and disease burden suggesting heterogeneity in autoantibody-mediated activation of complement system.
Diagnostic challenges in myasthenia gravis: a clinical approach
Authors: De Meel Robert
Published: August 2023

The development of antibody tests and neurophysiological techniques have aided in confirming the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis (MG) over the years. However, there still remains an unmet diagnostic need in the subgroup of MG patients with weakness restricted to ocular muscles (OMG) as routine diagnostic tests are less sensitive in this group: around 50% of these patients have no positive antibody test and around 71% have no significant decrement with repetitive stimulation EMG. Moreover, virtually all disorders that can cause a pupil-sparing ptosis or diplopia have been reported to be confused with OMG. Among the most mentioned mimicks for OMG are (concomitant) Graves ophtalmopathy, cranial nerve palsies, ocular tendinomuscular deficits (such as levator dehiscence), myopathy, demyelinating disease and stroke. Diagnostic delay and confusion of OMG with mimicking disorders might lead to a worse prognosis due to a possible increased risk of generalization of disease and the need of emergency treatments. A careful clinical follow-up of patients with suspected OMG by systematically assessing changes in ocular weakness patterns between visits can aid in confirming the diagnosis. In addition, the ice pack test can be a diagnostic aid in cases of both evident ptosis as ophtalmoparesis. In the foreseeable future, cell-based assays (CBA) might aid in the diagnostic confirmation of OMG. There is a need of studies that investigates the yield of new and not-routinely used diagnostic tests in suspected OMG with negative antibody and inconclusive EMG and SF-EMG, such as the repetitive ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (RoVEMP) test and CBA. Lastly, the effect of early immunosuppressive treatment should be further investigated in OMG.
Challenges managing myasthenia gravis: an international perspective
Authors: Barnett Carolina , Alzahmi Fatmah , Dong Dong , Heckman Jeannine , Salutto Valeria , Shin Ha Young
Published: August 2023

There have been increasing breakthroughs in the diagnosis and treatment of myasthenia gravis over the past decades. However, most published research in myasthenia is conducted in developed regions, such as the US, Canada and Europe. The challenges faced in these regions may be different from other areas of the world, often with fewer resources, such as fewer neurologists, limited or no access to specialised testing for myasthenia, and limited access to some interventions. During the 14th International Conference for Myasthenia Gravis and Myasthenic Disorders, we organized a panel of neurologists and researchers who work with people living with myasthenia in different world regions. The goal was to stimulate discussion around common challenges as well as those that are specific for given areas. Ultimately, we aimed to develop networks of clinicians caring for people living with myasthenia gravis around the world, to improve patient care. We present a summary of challenges using a case format by region, and a discussion around common threads and potential next steps.
Refractory myasthenia gravis: the more we learn, the less we know.
Authors: Habib Ali A.
Published: August 2023

Refractory myasthenia gravis identifies the group of patients that have inadequate symptom control and persistent muscle weakness and fatigability despite the use of multiple immune modulatory therapies. This manuscript highlights what is currently known about refractory myasthenia gravis and underlines major knowledge gaps, drawing attention to the unmet needs in our understanding of this disease subset. This review raises questions about our current understanding of refractory disease and how emerging data as well as therapies may alter our thinking and patients’ disease course.
A survey on college students’ cybersecurity awareness and education from the perspective of China
Authors: GUO Hongbo , TINMAZ Hasan
Published: August 2023

As people increasingly rely on information and communication technology (ICT), a variety of cyber security issues are emerging, making improving cyber security awareness (CSA) an important topic. This quantitative study focuses on a group of college students from eight local public universities in China (n=1710) and aims to investigate their CSA and education levels using a 32-question questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and cross analysis were used to analyze the current situation related to cybersecurity in college. The results showed that nearly 50% of students spend more than four hours online, with female students spending more online time than males. Smartphones are currently the most popular devices, and spam is the most common issue they encounter. Descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, and One-way ANOVA test were used to analyze the levels of CSA and education. For CSA, all students are still weak in their password practices. Male students have higher CSA levels in usage habit related to device and HTTP use, but female students perform better in social media. Majors do not make a significant difference in CSA, and freshmen perform better than juniors in device and HTTP application. Regarding cybersecurity education, almost all students believe that colleges need to strengthen information security education. Male students are more familiar with cybersecurity laws, and there are differences in the education methods chosen by students in different majors. Students majoring in computer-related fields prefer more specialized knowledge. This study not only provides valuable insights into the prevailing state of CSA among college students but also offers effective recommendations for enhancing cybersecurity education practices in colleges. The findings underscore the importance of addressing weaknesses in password practices and emphasize the need for comprehensive educational approaches that encompass various facets of cybersecurity. Institutions should consider tailoring their instructional strategies to meet the unique needs of students from diverse academic disciplines. Moreover, fostering awareness of cybersecurity laws and regulations is crucial for all students, regardless of their major.
Photography Museums in Turkiye on the 100th Anniversary of the Republic: Hamza Rüstem Photograph House and Museum
Authors: SEZER Işık
Published: August 2023

Regardless of the field they focus on, museums provide tangible evidence of the technical and aesthetic development of human history. Through their chosen themes, visual object collections, and cognitive data, museums not only preserve the past but also facilitate connections with the present and envisioning the future. Invented in 1839, photography gained significant attention due to its power to rapidly record existing reality. The intersection of technology, chemistry, and physics led to the invention of the camera and image production, which continues to evolve today with its commercial success and artistic identity. Photography, an integral part of our social life, has created its own history since its invention. Therefore, collectors and museums consider it both a means of preservation and a central theme.

The first photography museum in the world was established in 1947. In Turkiye, in 1997, Hilmi Nakipoğlu's personal initiative transformed his camera collection into the first museum. Throughout Turkiye, there are six museums dedicated to photography equipment and cameras: Nakipoğlu Camera Museum, Balıkesir National Photography Museum, Osman Yaşar Tanaçan Photography Museum, Mysia Photography Museum, Malatya Metropolitan Municipality Camera Museum, and Hamza Rüstem Photography House and Museum. Additionally, the Ara Güler Museum was established to commemorate the photographer Ara Güler.

This article briefly discusses the concept of museums and examines photography museums in Turkiye, primarily focusing on the Hamza Rüstem Photography House and Museum. The Hamza Rüstem Photography House, which was established in 1925 and still operates in the same building, served as a school where the younger generation of photographers in Izmir received their training. In light of these characteristics, Hamza Rüstem, in commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the Republic, was discussed and portrayed through a conversation with his grandson, collector Mert Rüstem.
Effects of drying methods on nutrients and organoleptic properties of dried pawpaw chips
Authors: Monday-Ojo Kayode Rowland , Auhoiza Joshua Victoria , Olalekan Oyetoro Mubarak
Published: August 2023

Fruit dehydration is one of the ways of preserving fruits and supplying consumers with healthy and nutritious fruits, particularly when these fruits are in their off-seasons. Pawpaw (Carica papaya L.) is a tropical plant grown for its edible fruit, having commercial importance because of its high nutritive and medicinal value. However, it is highly perishable. Hence, its processing and preservation are important to retain the product quality and nutritional value. This study investigated the effect of drying methods on the nutrient and organoleptic qualities of pawpaw. Fresh pawpaw fruits were purchased at Oje market in Ibadan, Nigeria. The pawpaw samples were sorted, washed with clean water, peeled and sliced into chips, then the chips were dried using five techniques - solar, open sun, oven, cabinet and dehydrator. Fresh and dried samples were evaluated for physico-chemical properties, selected bioactive compounds, colour, fibre, microbial quality and organoleptic properties. Significant (p≤0.05) differences were observed in the effects of the drying techniques employed. The pawpaw samples that were dried in the dehydrator had significantly (p≤0.05) higher amounts of bioactive compounds and TSS (8.10 ± 0.00°Bx). They also had the most appealing organoleptic properties and showed the least bacterial growth (0.14 ± 0.21 x 104cfu/g) in comparison to the samples dried using other techniques and the fresh sample (91.5 ± 13.44 x 104). While the sun-dried samples had the least fungal load (0.05 ± 0.07 x 103) in comparison to the samples dried using other techniques and the fresh sample (315 ± 7.07 x 103). Results also showed that the samples dried in the dehydrator were the lightest (26.81 ± 0.01) and yellowest (11.42 ± 0.00) of all dried samples. Generally, findings from the study showed that dried fruits portray a greater nutrient density and increased shelf life compared to fresh fruits.
Hat Sanatında Özgür Yorum: Karalamalar
Authors: MEMİŞ Mehmet , İSEN Öznur
Published: August 2023

Güzellik ve sanat iç içe geçmiş iki kavramdır. Bir bakıma güzellik, sanatın özüdür denilebilir. Her sanat dalında olduğu gibi hat sanatında da güzeli arama arzusu ve eşsiz eserler ortaya koyma çabası, hattatları sabırla çalışmaya ve kendi sınırlarını zorlamaya sevk etmiştir. Bir kitap sanatı olan hüsn-i hattın kelime manasının “güzel yazı” olmasına mukabil, daha iyisini yazmak uğruna harcanan çaba yorucu ve zahmetlidir, ancak sabırla çalışan elbette ki karşılığını alır. Başka bir deyişle “Muhakkak ki Allah güzeldir, güzeli sever!” hadis-i şerifi ışığında bu sanata gönül verenler, yazıyı daha muntazam yazma hususunda büyük ölçüde gayret gösterirler. Kişinin muntazam yazmayı başarması ise, sistematik çalışmasına bağlıdır. Yazıyı kaidelerine uygun ve ölçülü yazabilmek bıkmadan usanmadan, karamsarlığa kapılmadan çalışmakla mümkündür. Bu sebeple gerek öğrenme aşamasında ve gerekse sonrasında, harfler defalarca çalışma kâğıdına yazılarak el melekesi artırılır. Kelimeler ve harfler kâğıda kimi zaman noktalanıp ölçülendirilerek, kimi zaman da noktalanmadan yazılır. Talim amaçlı yapılan bu çalışmalar, başka bir deyişle karalamalar, hat sanatının temeli niteliğindedir.

Arap alfabesiyle yazılan ve “karalama” adı verilen el alıştırmaları yazıyla uğraşan kişinin o an irticalen elinden çıkan harf veya kelimelerden oluşur ve çoğu zaman bir anlam ifade etmez. Bu çalışmanın amacı, karalamaların estetik unsurlarını ele almak ve zaman içerisinde uğradığı değişime mercek tutmaktır. Hattatların bu özgür yorumları gün geçtikçe daha fazla önemsenmekte ve hayranlık uyandırmaktadır. Harf bünyesini oluşturan kaidelerin dışında satır ve sınırlara bağlı kalmadan yazılan bu yazılar kendi içinde bir kompozisyon oluşturmakta ve çoğu zaman yazan kişiyi dahi hayrete düşürecek özgün çalışmalar ortaya çıkabilmektedir.