bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Raw Materials for Production of a Nutritious Snack Bar for Children Aged Between 5 To 13 Years
Authors: Wandeka Cynthia Mutonyi , Kigozi Julia , Mugabi Robert , Ainebyona Paddy
Published: September 2022

There has been significant increase in consumption of fast foods including snack bars in the recent past. This increase is due to changes in the lifestyles of the population as consumers throughout the world are busy at work creating a demand for fast foods. The children find such products easy to consume as long as they are available. This study targeted developing nutritious snack bars from locally available raw materials to meet the nutritional demands of children aged between 5 to 13 years. The snack bars were developed from amaranth grains, mangoes, pineapples and carrots. Raisins and lemon were added as a colorant and flavorant respectively at a constant level of 7% and 10% respectively. Honey was used as a binder at 22%. The raw materials were varied using design expert (Version 11.1.0.1, Stat Ease, Minneapolis) to obtain 30 formulations in a factorial experiment. The formulations were tested for proximate composition, beta-carotene, vitamin C, energy composition, texture as well as sensory attributes and the optimum was obtained using design expert. The optimal formulation contained grain amaranths, mango, pineapples and carrots at 42.9, 14.3, 17.9 and 10.7% respectively. The composite had proteins, carbohydrates, beta carotene, vitamin C, Iron, Zinc, Fat, Fibre, Ash and moisture composition at 12.17%, 54.38%, 15.82mg/100g, 10.62mg/100g, 5.44mg/100g, 4.35mg/100g, 3.28%, 5.56%, 5.43%, and 19.18% respectively. The composite snack bar had desirable nutritional qualities with an overall acceptability of 7.6. The study therefore produced a snack bar that has capacity to meet the nutritional demands of children between 5 to 13 years of age.
PERCEPÇÃO DOS PROFESSORES DA UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL VALE DO ACARAÚ EM RELAÇÃO ÀS CONTRIBUIÇÕES DO PIBID COMO PROGRAMA DE FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE
Authors: Cristina de Sousa Carneiro Ana , Mota da Silva Misserlandia , Ferreira de Sousa Rodrigues Ludimila , Freire Silva Wyvaldy , Patrick Barbano Elton , Ferreira de Sousa Rodrigues Ludimila
Published: September 2022

O presente estudo apresenta uma pesquisa sobre a percepção dos professores dos cursos de licenciatura da Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú (UVA), referente às contribuições do Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID) para a relevância da formação à docência. A temática da pesquisa tem como relevância social a construção de aprendizagens significativas para a valorização do magistério possibilitando aos licenciandos participação ativa entre universidade e escolas. O objetivo da pesquisa foi levantar as principais contribuições do PIBID para a formação docente dos acadêmicos participantes do programa, segundo os professores da UVA, e compreender contribuições do programa, referente a formação dos bolsistas e voluntários participantes. A pesquisa caracteriza-se como qualitativa, tendo como instrumento de coleta de dados um questionário online, desenvolvido e realizado via plataforma Google forms. Os resultados obtidos mostraram várias contribuições do PIBID para a formação inicial docente, e que, quase a totalidade dos participantes (90%) consideram perceber diferenças no perfil os graduandos participantes do programa, observando maior responsabilidade com o curso ao qual estão inseridos, melhoria na escrita e nas ações de ensino e pesquisa; maior domínio sobre temas relacionados à educação; maior aprofundamento sobre às bases teóricas e conhecimento científico sobre ensino. Verificou-se, também, contribuições diretas, referentes à participação no programa, tais como, maior responsabilidade e envolvimento com o ensino e disciplinas da educação, melhoria na escrita e nas ações de ensino e pesquisa, maior domínio sobre temas relacionados à educação, socialização, comprometimento com o Curso ao qual está inserido, maior aprofundamento sobre às bases teóricas e conhecimento científico sobre ensino. Assim, com os dados obtidos nesse trabalho, é possível afirmar que o PIBID é um programa fundamental para a formação inicial docente.
COMMUNITY CONTROL AND PATTERNS ON THE EXISTENCE OF RANDAI DAYANG DAINI IN KOTO BARU COMMUNITY, MUNGKA SUB-DISTRICT, WEST SUMATERA
Authors: Maryelliwati Maryelliwati , Rahmat Wahyudi , Rahmad Hari Adi
Published: September 2022

Randai Dayang Daini is one of the Minangkabau traditional art forms that are owned by the Koto Tuo Mungka community, Mungka District, 50 City Regency which is almost forgotten by the community. This paper aims to reveal the existence, causes of decline and the efforts made to maintain the existence of this art. The results of this paper indicate that Randai Dayang Daini was used during the sialm period in weddings, welcoming guests, circumcisions and the appointment of the chief. But now this art is starting to be forgotten, this is because this randai is considered ancient and not in line with Islamic teachings, there is social jealousy in randai members and a lack of variation in each performance. There are several efforts made by the community to maintain this randai art, such as female characters who were previously played by men now must be women who play them and vice versa. The change in the place where the appearance used to be in an open space is now inside the multipurpose building. Previously all musical instruments were traditional instruments, now they can also be assisted by modern musical instruments such as organ, violin or band.
AN ANALYSIS OF INTERACTIVE LEARNING MEDIA IN THE INTERNATIONAL TRANSFER CREDIT PROGRAM
Authors: Kemal Edwar , Tawandorloh Ku-Ares , Giawa Erwin Sovyan Putri , Sandra Heru Kartika , Rusdi Fischa Rina , Adela Ado Putri
Published: September 2022

Indonesian government has the Independent Learning Campus Teaching (MBKM) program aiming to prepare students to produce a strong generation of people for the Indonesian country. It is a new policy from the Minister of Education and Culture that has been implemented by universities. One of the programs is International Credit Transfer. STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat implemented the program Fatoni University, Thailand. The program is carried out in the Malay language study program with a concentration of Indonesian Language consisting 7 courses and 22 credits. The learning process carried out during the Covid-19 pandemic is in 2 (two) ways, namely online and face-to-face. This research uses qualitative research methods focused on phenomenological understanding. The online learning process from STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat with Fatoni University is carried out using the Google Meet application. Before the lecture started, the lecturer from Fatoni University Thailand sent a Google Meet meeting link to the email of each student at STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat. Even though it's a long distance, the teaching and learning process can run smoothly.
THE LEVEL OF STUDENTS’S ORAL COMMUNICATION APPREHENSION IN SPEAKING CLASSROOM
Authors: Siska Siska , Yelliza Yelliza , Maifina Maifina
Published: September 2022

This research aims to investigate the level of students’ oral communication apprehension. Based on the phenomena found during teaching speaking in the Institutional Talk subject that most of the students were upset while doing speaking practice, the researchers concidered that it was very crusial problem  to be solved.  The design of this research was a qualitative approach. The populations in this research were the students who engaged in the speaking classroom that consists of 21 students at the first year students of English Department of Universityy PGRI Sumatera Barat at the academic year 2021/2022. In order to find out the level of students’ oral communication apprehension, a set of questionnaires adapted from McCroskey in Wrench et al (2009:57-58), known as The Personal Report of Communication Apprehension (PRCA-24) was used by the researcher in this research. The PRCA-24 is the instrument which is most widely used to measure communication apprehension. It is a 24-item scale that measures communication apprehension. It utilizes a 5-point of Likert scales ranging from (1) strongly agree to (5) strongly disagree. It is hoped that  the findings of this research become the special concern for  future reserachers in the field of oral communication.
Regional PM2.5 pollution confined by atmospheric internal boundaries in the North China Plain: boundary layer structures and numerical simulation
Authors: Jin Xipeng , Cai Xuhui , Yu Mingyuan , Song Yu , Wang Xuesong , Zhang Hongsheng , Zhu Tong
Published: September 2022

Abstract. This study reveals mesoscale planetary boundary layer (PBL)
structures under various pollution categories during autumn and winter in
the North China Plain (NCP). The role of the atmospheric internal boundaries (AIBs, referring to the discontinuity of meteorological conditions in the lateral direction) in regulating PBL structures and shaping the PM2.5 pollution patterns is emphasized. The Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model is used to display the three-dimensional meteorological fields, and its performance is evaluated by surface observations and intensive soundings. The evaluation demonstrates that the model reasonably captures the mesoscale processes and the corresponding PBL structures. Based on the reliable simulations, three typical pollution cases are analyzed. Case 1 and case 2 represent the two main modes of the wind shear category pollution, which is featured with airflow convergence line/zone as AIB, and thus is dominated by dynamical effect. Case 1 presents the west–southwest wind shear mode associated with a trough convergence belt. The convergent airflow layer is comparable to the vertical scale of the PBL, allowing PM2.5 transport to form a high pollution area. Case 2 exhibits another mode with south–north wind shear. A “lying Y-shaped” convergence zone is formed with a thickness of about 3000 m, extending beyond the PBL. It defines a clear edge between the southern polluted air mass and the clean air in the north. Case 3 represents the topographic obstruction category, which is characterized by a cold-air damming AIB in front of the mountains. The PBL at the foothills is thermally stable and dynamically stagnant due to the capping inversion and the convergent winds. It is in sharp contrast to the well-mixed/ventilated PBL in the southern plains, especially in the afternoon. At night, this meteorological discontinuity becomes less pronounced. The diurnal variation of the PBL thermal and dynamical structure causes the pollutants to concentrate at the foot of the mountains during the daytime and locally accumulate throughout the entire plain in the evening. These results provide a more complete mesoscale view of the PBL structure and highlight its spatial heterogeneity, which promotes the understanding of air pollution at the regional scale.
A 500-year annual runoff reconstruction for 14 selected European catchments
Authors: Nasreen Sadaf , Součková Markéta , Vargas Godoy Mijael Rodrigo , Singh Ujjwal , Markonis Yannis , Kumar Rohini , Rakovec Oldrich , Hanel Martin
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Since the beginning of this century, Europe has been experiencing severe drought events (2003, 2007, 2010, 2018 and 2019) which have had adverse
impacts on various sectors, such as agriculture, forestry, water management, health and ecosystems. During the last few decades, projections of the
impact of climate change on hydroclimatic extremes have often been used for quantification of changes in the characteristics of these extremes. Recently,
the research interest has been extended to include reconstructions of hydroclimatic conditions to provide historical context for present and future
extremes. While there are available reconstructions of temperature, precipitation, drought indicators, or the 20th century runoff for Europe,
multi-century annual runoff reconstructions are still lacking. In this study, we have used reconstructed precipitation and temperature data, Palmer
Drought Severity Index and available observed runoff across 14 European catchments in order to develop annual runoff reconstructions for the
period 1500–2000 using two data-driven and one conceptual lumped hydrological model. The comparison to observed runoff data has shown a good match
between the reconstructed and observed runoff and their characteristics, particularly deficit volumes. On the other hand, the validation of input
precipitation fields revealed an underestimation of the variance across most of Europe, which is propagated into the reconstructed runoff
series. The reconstructed runoff is available via Figshare, an open-source scientific data repository, under the DOI
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.15178107, (Sadaf et al., 2021).
Short communication: A tool for determining multiscale bedform characteristics from bed elevation data
Authors: Zomer Judith Y. , Naqshband Suleyman , Hoitink Antonius J. F.
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Systematic identification and characterization of bedforms from bathymetric data are crucial in many studies of fluvial processes. Automated and accurate processing of bed elevation data is challenging where dune fields are complex or irregular and (especially) where multiple scales co-exist. Here, we introduce a new tool to quantify dune properties from bathymetric data representing large primary and smaller superimposed secondary dunes. A first step in the procedure is to decompose the bathymetric data using a LOESS algorithm. Steep lee-side slopes of primary dunes are preserved by implementing objective breaks in the algorithm, accounting for discontinuities in the bed elevation profiles at the toe of the lee-side slope. The steep lee slopes are then approximated by fitting a sigmoid function. Following the decomposition of the bathymetric data, bedforms are identified based on a zero crossing, and morphological properties are calculated. The approach to bedform decomposition presented herein is particularly applicable where secondary dunes are large and filtering using conventional continuously differentiable functions could thus easily lead to undesired smoothing of the primary morphology. Application of the tool to two bathymetric maps demonstrates that it successfully decomposes bathymetric data, identifies primary and secondary dunes, and preserves steeper lee-side slopes of primary dunes.
Another Famous Unsolved Problem: Improving Diversity in STEM
Authors: Thur Bryon
Published: September 2022

A report on the panel of the same name at the Maple Conference.
Effect of different levels of NPK in the growth and development of Jatropha shrub in displaying Samawa
Authors: Jabber Hakam K. Dweny
Published: September 2022

Several experiments were conducted, for purpose of producing the Jatropha bushes and conduct several tests on them inAlmuthanna province, during the period between Spring 2013 until Autumn 2015. The study focused on the followings:Determine appropriate levels of NPK: to ensure high productivity, fertilizer recommendation to the Jatropha experiment which is carried out in one year age, designed by the completed random sectors and three replications using nitrogen levels ( 0, 100, and 200 kg of N/ha).form of urea (46% N) was applied twice, and the levels ofPhosphorous in form of super phosphate (46% P2O5) was applied once at a rate of 0, 100, and 200 kg of P2O5ha-1. Potassium in form of potassium (50% K2O) was applied once at a rate of (0, and 100, kg of K2O ha-1). The three combinations of these fertilizers showed growth , significant increase in the length and growth , the number of branches , leaf area and the content of chlorophyll in different proportions level.
Developing and testing of automated sprayer for agrochemicals application trials in Iraq
Authors: Marwan Issa , Subr Alaa
Published: September 2022

The field experiment was conducted with the aim of developing and testing an automatic sprayer for agricultural spray experiments and studying the effect of spray pressure, spray speed and spray height on the spraying process. The effects of the major spraying factors (pressure, speed, and height) on the spraying performance of the automatic sprayer were studied. This study included several traits: First - the drop sizes - Second - the penetration of the spray into the vegetation cover - Third, the spray wasted. The results showed: - First: - Increase in coverage percentage when using the first speed, 2 km / h, which amounted to 26.85%. An increment in the spraying penetration of the vegetation cover was observed at the second speed, 4 km/h, reaching 70%. Second - Pressure: The increment in pressure was accompanied by an increment in the coverage trait at the third pressure 3 bar, which amounted to 24.37%. The penetration trait was 81% at pressure of two bar, and wastage increased at the second pressure of two bar, which amounted to 25%. Spraying height: - Height) 40 & 50 cm (have no significant effect on the trait of coverage. However, it was significant in the trait of spraying penetration of the vegetation cover, as it reached at the first height (40 cm) 53% and at the second height (50 cm) 74%, and the trait of the lost at the first height, 40 cm was 13%, and at the second height, 50 cm, it reached 23%. It is concluded from the data, the extent of the effect that the spraying factors show on the studied trait, as The factors value increased is accompanied by an increment in some trait, in contrast to others. So, it becomes clear the necessity of coordinating the values of the factors with each other to obtain an equal spray.
KETOJENİK BESLENME VE SAĞLIK
Authors: FİLİZ Ceren , YILDIZ Elif , GÜRBÜZ Ozan
Published: September 2022

Ketojenik diyet (KD), keton cisimlerinin üretimini teşvik etmek amacıyla açlık durumunun metabolizmasını taklit eden yüksek yağlı, yeterli proteinli ve çok düşük karbonhidratlı bir diyet rejimidir. KD, epilepsi tedavisi için uzun süredir oldukça başarılı bir diyet yaklaşımı olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Son verilere göre KD’nin teröpotik etkisi, epilepsinin yanısıra kanser, diyabet, obezite gibi birçok hastalık için umut vadedici görünmektedir. Hatta kilo vermeye ihtiyacı olmayan bireyler arasında bile bu diyetin popüler olarak uygulanması göz önüne alındığında, nüfusun geniş kesimleri tarafından bu diyetin geniş bir şekilde benimsenmesinin potansiyel uzun vadeli sonuçlarıyla ilgili bazı endişeler oluşmaktadır. Bu derlemede, KD ve KD ile ilgili olarak öne çıkan kavramlara yer verilmiş olup, farklı hastalıklarda KD'nin etkililiği ve güvenilirliğine ilişkin deneysel ve/veya klinik veriler özetlenmiştir. KD'nin hücresel ve moleküler düzeydeki anlaşılan etkilerinin olası mekanizmaları tartışılarak, daha fazla açıklığa kavuşturulması gereken çoklu mekanizmaların olabileceği vurgulanmıştır. KD’nin terapötik etkileri ve etki mekanizmalarına dair bilimsel veriler yetersiz olup, KD'nin klinik uygulamasının yaygınlaştırılabilmesi için daha fazla çalışmaya ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.
VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF THE TURKISH VERSION OF THE NURSES’ ASSESSMENT OF QUALITY SCALE – ACUTE CARE VERSION: A METHODOLOGICAL STUDY
Authors: AKBAŞ Meltem , İBİCİ AKÇA Emine , ONAT KÖROĞLU Cemile , GÖKYILDIZ SÜRÜCÜ Şule
Published: September 2022

This is a methodological study that aims to adapt the NAQS-ACV scale to the Turkish context, as well as to test its validity and reliability. The study was conducted in 1 medical Faculty hospital, 2 public hospitals, and 1 private hospital in a city located in the southern part of Turkey between the 1st of January and 31st of March 2016. The study included 427 nurses who worked in the internal diseases, surgery, and obstetric clinics of the related hospitals. Data were collected through the “Nurse Information Form” and “Nurses’ Assessment of Quality Scale – Acute Care Version”. While the validity analysis of the NAQS-ACV included language, scope, and construct analysis, reliability analysis included internal consistency reliability analysis. The 77-item Turkish version of the NAQS-ACV was composed of 3 sections and 8 sub-scales. Sub-scale KMO values of the scale ranged between 0.775 and 0.948, and the Barlett test result was found p
THE ROLE OF HAZARAS IN THE CREATION OF PAKISTAN: THE POST-INDEPENDENCE SEARCH FOR IDENTITY
Authors:   Department of Pakistan Studies and History, National University of Modern Languages Islamabad Pakistan, Abbasi Azhar Mahmood , Kalhoro Javed Ali ,   Department of Pakistan Studies and History, National University of Modern Languages Islamabad Pakistan, Akhter Ayaz ,   Department of Pakistan Studies and History, National University of Modern Languages Islamabad Pakistan
Published: September 2022

The people of the Hazara region played a key but unrecognized role in translating the idea of a separate Muslim state into a tangible reality called Pakistan today. Demographically, the diverse community of Hazara remains concentrated in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province. Since the inception of Pakistan, they have been in quest of carving out a distinct cultural, political and territorial space in the country. The ceaseless search and struggle have a long history as it traces its roots back to 1900. This scholarly study surveys the historical role of the Hazarawal (various ethnolinguistic groups inhabited in the Hazara region) people in the making of the country. Further, it also seeks to dissect the trajectory, rationale, challenges and prospects concerning their sub-national movement being pursued in the pursuit of long-standing territorial and political demands. This paper draws upon primary sources including a government official, census reports and open-handed interviews for in-depth knowledge as well as secondary sources. Keywords: Hazara, Pakistan, Movement, Ethnicity, Identity, Creation
NATION BUILDING THROUGH BETTER POLICY: A FRAMEWORK FOR NATIONAL LEVEL EDUCATIONAL POLICY
Authors:   Department of Leadership and Management Studies, National Defence University Islamabad Pakistan, Zia-ur-Rehman Muhammad , Gardezi Amna ,   National Defence University Islamabad Pakistan, Kalhoro Javed Ali ,   Department of Pakistan Studies & History, National University of Modern Languages Islamabad Pakistan
Published: September 2022

Empirically speaking, the study focuses on Education as it plays a vital role, for the Economic, social and personal development. The research highlights that Education is the only way through which corruption, unemployment and environmental issues can be dealt. The study further emphasis on quality and better education as an essential element of a nation, becasue it opens many doors towards better living and thus countries and nationas flourish. Being a qualitiative and conceptual study where various research tools were employed to arrive at valid conclusion scientifically. The investigation showd that many people today have comprehended the notion that requirement of education is the need of the hour, yet at the same time there are various places especially villages where children are not sent to schools or don’t reach to college level. If the focus is not put on education, there can arise numerous issues. Findings of the study depict that lack of education may because cause to many consequences including; gender differentiation, lack of skilled labor, and lack of productivity and alike. Then comes poverty, and child labor, unemployment, crime rates gets increased. Many studies have been carried out but the novelty of this study is that it focused on college and secondary level eduation. As College or Secondary level education is the most important stage of students’ lives where a lot of focus should be given, as it is the stage where students decide and get prepared for the fields and career they want to opt. It is rightly said and universally acknowledged that at this stage the future of the student can be either churn out or even if ignored, can be ruined. Thus the focus of the study is secondary level education policy analysis for building a nation to face the challenges of modern world in this 21st century. Keywords: Educational policy, Emporical analysis, National level, National biuilding, Betterment, Futuristic Educaitonal Policy
Percepção de gestores municipais sobre a implementação de agendas de qualidade de vida
Authors: Bógus Cláudia Maria , Mendes Rosilda , Akerman Marco
Published: September 2022

A complexidade dos problemas urbanos contemporâneos tem feito com que muitas das cidades brasileiras se insiram em movimentos que têm por objetivo a melhoria da qualidade de vida, filiando-se a distintas agendas sociais, como Cidades/Municípios Saudáveis, Agenda 21, entre outros. Tais propostas, guardadas suas especificidades, pressupõem pessoas vivendo em um dado território, enfrentando problemas concretos que demandam novas formas de gestão local, baseadas na intersetorialidade, na participação social e na eqüidade para atingir a qualidade de vida.
Tata Kelola Sampah dalam Perspektif Hukum Lingkungan
Authors: Louise Theresia
Published: September 2022

Pengelolaan sampah yang buruk berdampak pada berbagai aspek. Volume sampah di Kota Palangka Raya perhari mencapai 430,7 meter kubik atau 64,61 ton perhari. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum empiris dengan pendekatan legal approach. Sumber data meliputi data primer dan data sekunder dan analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pengelolaan sampah belum dilakukan secara terpadu dan komprehensif mulai dari pengumpulan sampai dengan pemrosesan sampah masih belum dilaksanakan seperti yang diamanatkan oleh peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku. Penegakan hukum belum dilaksanakan secara maksimal dan koordinasi antarlembaga atau instansi terkait yang di bawah Pemerintah Daerah Kota Palangka Raya tidak dilakukan dengan yang baik. Penatakelolaan sampah hendaknya memberi atensi lebih terhadap permasalahan sampah dengan memberikan alokasi anggaran yang cukup untuk melaksanakan penanganan sampah secara berwawasan lingkungan, melakukan penegakan hukum secara terstruktur dan berkala antar stakeholders yang terkait langsung dengan pengelolaan sampah
Penyelidikan Kejahatan Kemanusiaan: Kajian Yuridis Kewenangan Komisi Nasional Hak Asasi Manusia
Authors: Siringoringo Kadoni , Theresia Louise
Published: September 2022

Penyelesaian kasus kejahatan kemanusiaan menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 26 Tahun 2000 tentang Pengadilan Hak Asasi Manusia, bahwa Komisi Nasional HAM selaku lembaga khusus yang mandiri dan independen hanya berwewenang melakukan penyelidikan. Sedangkan tahap penyidikan dan penuntutan menjadi kewenangan Kejaksaan Agung. Sehingga penyelesaian kasus kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan tidak lagi secara independen, karena kewenangan penyidikan dan penuntutan berada pada kewenangan Kejaksaan Agung yang merupakan cabang kekuasaan pemerintah. Maka Komnas HAM sebagai lembaga khusus yang bertujuan dalam meningkatkan perlindungan dan penegakan HAM tidak lagi benar-benar lembaga independen, hal ini dikarenakan hasil penyelidikannya ditindaklanjuti oleh lembaga lain dibawah cabang kekuasaan pemerintah sebagai pemegang kekusaan eksekutif
Assessment of Upper Trapezius Muscle Fatigue in Subclinical Myofascial Pain Syndrome Participants Versus Healthy Control by JASA Method
Authors: Mehdikhani Roya , Olyaei Gholam Reza , Hadian Mohammad Reza , Moghaddam Saeed Talebian , Shadmehr Azadeh
Published: September 2022

Background: Myofascial trigger points are most commonly occurs in the upper trapezius, which is the highest sensitive muscle in the body. Joint Analysis of Electromyography (EMG) Spectrum and Amplitude (JASA) method was applied to evaluate the occurrence of muscular fatigue during consecutive gripping exertions. Methods: 64 right handed subjects took part in this study. Prior to the fatigue test, the maximal voluntary contraction was measured three times. A force gauge was used for force measurement while recording with a monitor. Measurement was initiated with a Maximum Voluntary Contraction (MVC) force of the trapezius. Results: After accomplishing fatigue protocol, they showed signs of exhaustion; however, they were not subjectively evaluated for fatigue. As the protocol aimed at assessing muscle fatigue, a force level of 80% MVC was induced. Conclusion: As revealed by the plots, the lower left quadrant could be defined as having an ‘‘force reduction’’ rather than a ‘‘fatigue’’ trait based on the natural pushing up characteristics based at the JASA plot definition, muscle fatigue or force reduction become manifested by way of above 90% of the 20 dots after fatigue test. Through the JASA method, researchers could gain insight in to the muscular fatigue condition as well as the possible underlying mechanisms.
Challenges and Gaps in Sanitary Towels Provision in Kenya During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Gichuhi Loise Wambui
Published: September 2022

While the Kenyan government has committed to sanitary pad distribution in schools to provide girls with an allocation of pads each term, many girls continue to use unhygienic methods and materials to manage their menstruation, and many continue to miss school during the threat period. Notably, girls have continued to face numerous menstruation obstacles and problems that are inherent in customs and beliefs, and those from low-income families have either dropped out or dropped out totally. This article focuses on a cross-section of Kenyan Sub-Counties that have been purposefully targeted by the Ministry of Education and for focused and informed measures to minimize access retention and transition challenges, particularly in rural areas. A mixed-method approach of interviews and questionnaires was used to collect data from three Sub-counties with high levels of adolescent pregnancies and female dropouts to acquire both qualitative and quantitative data. This study’s participants were 5 headteachers, 5 guidance and counselling teachers, and 100 primary school girls picked using a convenient random method from 100 households distributed across Kenya. The findings indicate a lack of adequate supplies and ineffective management of the program plus a high level of poverty, making it hard for most families to acquire sanitary towels for their girls whenever they are required.
The Analysis of the LPG Storage Tank Planning Based on the Potential Demand in Belitung Island
Authors: Alindita Adiga Putra , Heitasari Dwi Nurma
Published: September 2022

The growing demand for LPG has increased the number of LPG tanker ships/gas carriers entering X Port, resulting in queues that will impede the distribution of LPG to the people of Belitung Island. PT XYZ in-tends to construct an LPG tank in the X Port area to facilitate LPG distribution on Belitung Island. The tank capacity is expected to meet Belitung Island’s LPG demand for the next five years. The authors forecast the potential demand for the next five years using LPG revenue data from January 2019 to February 2021, with forecasting results from March 2021 to February 2026. The Time Series Method was used to forecast by comparing the smallest MAD (Mean Absolute Deviation) values between the Linear Trend Model and the Exponential Trend Model. According to the forecasting calculations conducted using the linear trend mod-el, the potential demand for February 2026 is 973.4098 Tons with a ten-day stock resistance. According to these calculations, the proposed tank is a spherical tank with a capacity of 1000 tons, which means that the LPG tank stock resistance in the last period, namely February 2026, is 11 days, which is in compliance with the Regulation of the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources Number 26 of 2009 concerning the Provision and Distribution of Liquefied Petroleum Gas.
Power, Violence, and Responsibility
Authors: Goldstone Matthew
Published: September 2022

We are living in what some have described as an “age of protest.” Nevertheless, protesting has been around for thousands of years, and some core features of contemporary discourse are already prominent in antiquity. In this article I explore three key dimensions of protest and rebuke within early rabbinic (tannaitic) literature: power, violence, and responsibility. Although protest and rebuke overlap in many respects, tannaitic discussion of these actions diverge in significant ways that grant us greater clarity into the dynamics the early rabbis perceived to be at play when attempting to effectively confront others on the individual level. I argue that the differences between rabbinic discourse about these two types of confrontation in the three aforementioned areas stem from crucial differences in the ways these acts are perceived and received. The notable nuances between rabbinic portrayals of protest and rebuke can provide insight into thinking about effective interpersonal confrontation today.
Reassessing the Role of Narrative Within Legal Approaches to Contemporary Jewish Ethics
Authors: Newman Louis E.
Published: September 2022

The author revisits his work on the methods employed by contemporary Jewish ethicists, revising his earlier claim about both a sharp distinction between legal and narrative approaches and his critique of those who adopt a legal approach, but fail to employ rigorous legal reasoning to support their normative claims. An analysis of essays on euthanasia by three such ethicists—Byron Sherwin, David Novak, and Elliot Dorff—illustrates that their work is influenced by narrative in ways that have not been sufficiently appreciated. Aggadah influences even halakhically-oriented contemporary Jewish ethicists by providing a theoretical foundation to their work, offering a sense of coherence that guides the selection and interpretation of texts, and envisioning a world that ethicists hope to create through the moral judgments they offer.
Destination Babel
Authors: Nahon-Serfaty Isaac
Published: September 2022

This article proposes a contemporary reading of the Tower of Babel story. The objective is to set the foundations of an ethic of communication that considers the notion of a global community formed by those who “speak the same language.” Our analysis is a trilateral hermeneutic exercise that places the story of the Tower of Babel in the contemporary context: the narrative of the Bible, according to Chouraqui’s very literal translation from the Hebrew text, the rabbinical exegesis of the Midrash, the Talmud of Babylon and the Zohar, and the imperative of responsibility according to Hans Jonas. Alongside to Jonas’s heuristic of fear, based on futuristic projections of catastrophic scenarios, we propose a heuristic of memory that sheds light to the ethics of exile as a key notion to accept imperfect and disruptive communication in a more compassionate and collaborative way.
Technical Note 4 - Reuse water: grey water treated in constructed wetlands
Authors: Paulo Paula Loureiro , Vieira Jéssica , Takahashi Karen Midori , Magalhães Fernando Jorge Correa , Silva Jhonatan Barbosa da , Boncz Marc Árpád
Published: September 2022

Greywater is a potential source for producing water that can be reused for non-potable purposes. The use of nature-based solutions (NBS) for greywater treatment can contribute to the mitigation of heat and low relative humidity in urban areas. Thus, the goal of this technical note is to present the performance of constructed wetlands, a NBS, with respect to the main parameters of national and international standards considering water reuse, and to assess the suitability of the treated effluent for different reuse purposes. Design examples and a flowchart are presented to support the decision-making process, addressing aspects from the characterization of greywater until choosing an application for the recovered water. In this way, we expect to provide a starting point for enabling an increased reuse of treated greywater for non-potable purposes in Brazil, assisting designers, as well as technicians from regulatory bodies, in the design and evaluation of treatment systems using a simple and promising ecotechnology.
Technical Note 6 - Applicability aerobic granular sludge technology in the Brazilian context
Authors: Rollemberg Sílvio Luiz de Sousa , Volschan Isaac , Bassin João Paulo , Pivelli Roque Passos , Santos Maria de Lourdes Florêncio dos , Magnus Bruna Scandolara , Santos André Bezerra dos
Published: September 2022

Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) is currently considered one of the most promising technologies for biological wastewater treatment. This fact is mainly due to the combined removal of organic matter and nutrients in the same reactor, eliminating secondary settlers, making it one of the most compact technology on the market. However, there are several reports of problems, including: (i) instability of the granular biomass; (ii) long start-up periods due to slow granule formation, especially when using sewage with a low concentration of organic matter; (iii) accumulation of nitrite in the final effluent; (iv) high demand for automation; and (v) operational process not yet fully established. Thus, despite considerable advances in sewage treatment with AGS systems and the increase in the number of full-scale sewage treatment plants (STPs) in several countries around the world, an integrated assessment of its application in Brazil is necessary. This technical note aims to present the state-of-the-art of AGS system, as well as to bring up a more in-depth discussion, in the Brazilian context, on the need or not to adopt it, and in what situations it should be implemented to replace other sewage treatment technologies with greater mastery of national engineering and usual lower investment and operating costs.
Technical Note 8 - Applicability of support medium based of polyurethane foam for systems used to post-treatment of anaerobic effluents
Authors: Almeida Paulo Gustavo Sertório de , Bressani-Ribeiro Thiago , Araújo Moacir M. , Chernicharo Carlos Augusto de Lemos
Published: September 2022

Several technologies have been applied to post-treat anaerobic effluents. For most of those, a rigorous sludge management is needed. In this case, the use of sponge-based packing media in biofilm systems tends to significantly contribute to the minimization of sludge production and effluent quality improvement. Endogenous respiration and predation are important mechanistic processes explaining such improvements, which is related with the increase of the sludge retention time by the retention of biomass within the sponge. Depending on the operational condition, nitrogen removal is also observed in addition to the notorious performance for organic matter removal. Considering the advances for the post-treatment of anaerobic effluents with the use of sponge-based biofilm systems, this Technical Note aim to present: (i) fundamentals of biofilm systems using polyurethane sponge as support media; (ii) full-scale experiences with emerging sponge-based technologies; (iii) performance of sponge-based biofilm systems and operational conditions usually practiced; (iv) a preliminary critical analysis regarding implementation and operational costs; (v) advantages and disadvantages. The potential and limitations regarding the use of sponge-based reactors as post-treatment of anaerobic effluents are finally remarked.
FACT-G Assessment of the Quality of Life for Palestinian Patients with Cancer
Authors: Jabari Carol El , Nawajah Inad , Jabareen Hussein
Published: September 2022

Background: Cancer is a leading cause of mortality in Palestine. The number of cancer cases is increasing, whereas the late stage of diagnosis is common for the majority of cases. Modern diagnostics and medicine are contributing to more positive outcomes for patients when diagnosed early; however, the holistic approach to patient care, patient satisfaction, quality of life (QOL), and survivorship are often overlooked. Patients with cancer are usually treated by physicians and other health professionals employing the “medical model” without considering other factors that might positively affect their treatment. For this pioneering survey, the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-General (FACT-G) tool was used. This study aimed to measure the satisfaction of patients with cancer undergoing outpatient treatments and assess their QOL.

Materials and Methods: The FACT-G scale in Arabic has four sections, measuring physical, emotional, social, and functional well-being, was used in a survey of 203 patients with cancer currently undergoing chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and hormonal therapies. Patients were surveyed in the summer of 2019, within 1 year of diagnosis when they were outpatients, all of whom were attending a major cancer center in a Palestinian hospital.

Results: Emotional well-being scored the lowest (from a total of 24; mean 11.31 (standard deviation (SD) 5.45)) whereas social/family well-being scored the highest (from a total of 28), mean 22, (SD ±  5.78). The overall mean for the four sections was 63.57 (SD 12.44).

Conclusion: To ensure better management of symptoms and treatments, important indicators are now available for health professionals and researchers to learn more about the QOL of patients. Evaluating the physical, social, emotional, and functional states of patients with cancer undergoing outpatient treatments enabled us to learn more about the struggles they face while understanding how they were coping during their cancer journey.
Importance and Relevance of Sufism in the Scenario of Present Indian Society
Authors: Ahmed Gulfraz
Published: September 2022

This paper attempts to find out the importance and relevance of Sufism in the current Indian society scenario. Traditionally Sufism is closely associated with the Indian society. 'Sufism' or 'Tasawwuf' is as old as Islam. It is considered an intrinsic principle of the Islamic faith. After its rise, Islam spread very rapidly throughout the world as well as in the Indian subcontinent. However, with the highly militarized and organized Islamic force, theologians, historians, ulema and Sufis also came and propagated Islamic teachings in the Indian subcontinent. The people of Indian society welcomed this new religion and accepted it wholeheartedly. The people of Indian society were influenced by these Muslim theologians and Sufis, which helped a lot in the spread and propagation of Islam in the country. Hence the purpose of this paper is to highlight the importance of Sufism in the current Indian society scenario and its relevance in the present scenario to establish peace and harmony in the society. This article is based on secondary references i.e. books, magazines, newspapers, reports, websites etc.

 

Abstract in Hindi Language:

यह पत्र वर्तमान भारतीय समाज के परिदृश्य में सूफीवाद के महत्व और प्रासंगिकता का पता लगाने का प्रयास करता है। परंपरागत रूप से सूफीवाद भरतीय समाज से घनिष्ठ रूप से जुड़े हुए हैं। ’सूफीवाद’ या ’तसव्वुफ’ उतना ही पुराना है जितना कि इस्लाम। इसे इस्लामी आस्था का आंतरिक सिद्धांत माना जाता है। इस्लाम अपने उदय के उपरांत संपूर्ण विश्व के साथ ही भारतीय उपमहाद्वीप में बहुत तेजी से फैल गया। हालाँकि, अत्यधिक सैन्यीकृत और संगठित इस्लामी बल के साथ, धर्मशास्त्री, इतिहासकार, उलेमा और सूफी भी आए और भारतीय उपमहाद्वीप में इस्लामी शिक्षाओं का प्रचार किया। भारतीय समाज के लोगों ने इस नए धर्म का स्वागत किया और इसे तहे दिल से स्वीकार भी किया। भारतीय समाज के लोग इन मुस्लिम धर्मशास्त्रियों और सूफियों से प्रभावित हुए जिससे देश में इस्लाम के प्रसार-प्रचार में काफी मदद मिली। इसलिए इस पत्र का उद्देश्य वर्तमान भारतीय समाज के परिदृश्य में सूफीवाद का महत्व और समाज में शांति और सद्भाव स्थापित करने के लिए वर्तमान परिदृश्य में इसकी प्रासंगिकता को उजागर करना है। यह आलेख द्धितीयक संदर्भों यानी किताबों, पत्रिकाओं, न्यूजपेपर्स, रिपोट्र्स, बेबसाईट आदि पर आधारित है।

Keywords: सूफीवाद, इस्लाम, तसव्वुफ, रहस्यवादी, शरीयत, तरीक़त, हकीकत, महरीफ़त
Perception of Head Teachers regarding the Current practices of Monitoring and Evaluation at Primary School Level in District Kech Balochistan
Authors: Hussain Abid , Bashir Mehnaz , Memon Sanam
Published: September 2022

The purpose of the study was to find out the Perception of Head Teachers regarding the current practices of monitoring and evaluation at Primary School Level in District Kech Balochistan. It was quantitative study. The nature of the study was descriptive and survey type. The population is comprised of 85 primary Schools heads, DEO and Divisional Directors of Primary School Level in District Kech Balochistan. There are total 92 Girls and Boys Secondary School in Kech. Pilot testing was done in 10 schools out of 92. Questionnaire was used as research tool. Tool development is a most important part of the study. In this process, experts was consulted and previous research and appropriate literature was studied and reviewed to construct the tool. For collecting data, questionnaire used as data collection tools. The five point rating scale as strongly agree, disagree, not sure, agree and strongly disagree was used to collect data. It was improved in consultation with the experts in the field and through pilot testing by head teachers of secondary schools. The reliability of these tools were calculated through SPSS. After finalizing and pilot testing, the questionnaire was distributed to the respondent for collecting data. The questionnaires were served through postage, email by hand in face-to-face meeting by the researcher to the respondent. The questionnaire was scrutinized for errors and omission, ambiguity and relevance. The reliability was calculated through SPSS (Version, 24) by using Cronbach Alpha. The data obtained through questionnaires and observations were interpreted and analyzed by using, Chi square, percentage and mean.
Effect of Home Conditions on Students Achievement at Secondary Level in Bagh Azad Kashmir
Authors: Mushtaq Dr. Muhammad , Ikhlaq Asma , Rafique Ms. Samina
Published: September 2022

The study was carried out in district Bagh with the purpose of finding out the effect of home conditions on students learning habits at Secondary Level in District Bagh Azad Jammu and Kashmir. The objectives includes to determine the elements of home conditions that effect on child education and their effect on students learning habits at secondary level. All the 500 secondary school teachers teaching at secondary level in government sector schools were the population of the study while 100 teachers were selected as sample using Non-Probability Sampling technique (Convenient Sampling). The researcher used a self-developed instruments to gather data and information relevant to this research. The questionnaire was consisted of 14 items which later on distributed by the researcher among the sampled teachers The researcher analyzed and interpreted data organizing it in tabular form. The data was fed in spss and used the Chi-square statistical technique to check the effect of home conditions on students learning habits. Findings of the study showed that there is a significant relationship between home condition and students learning habits at secondary level the students with strong socio-economic background were found good in their academics while students with weaker socio economic background were found poor in academics. The study concluded that home conditions may be improved to improve performance of the students. It is recommended that teachers should play their role for students to overcome their deficiencies who are lacking better home conditions
Analysing Gendered Otherness of Women in Rural Sindh Through The Selected Fictional Stories
Authors: Kulsoom Dr. Ume , Rind Ms. Salma , Mahesar Mr. Khaleeque Zaman
Published: September 2022

This study is based on the textual analysis of the short stories; The Wedding of Sundri (2008) and Pirani (2006). The study applies the theory of Gendered Otherness by Simon de Beauvoir. This theory highlights women`s position as others, partial and secondary to men. There is no existence of women without the association of men, while, man is the dominant, powerful and decision maker. He takes all decisions of women’s lives. It is in fact the man who makes the life of woman meaningful and purposeful. The findings of the research correspond to the theory that in rural Sindh women are suffering from gendered otherness.  They are partial and secondary to men. Women cannot take the decisions of their lives’ as that of Sundri and Pirani.  The marital decision of Sundri and Pirani is decided by their fathers without their consent. Women tolerate the violence of men at their home just like Naseema.  Due to gendered otherness women are suppressed and marginalized. They never develop the habit of self-expression like Sebhagi and her sister.  Women never built self- recognition and identity within the society.