bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LER/DORT em Profissionais Eletricistas de Redes e Técnicos em Telecomunicações
Authors: Reginaldo M. Paula
Published: May 2022

Este artigo apresenta a ergonomia sob forma de ferramenta de manutenção biomecânicae prevenção de acidentes dos trabalhadores de redes elétricas e de telecomunicações. Aintenção deste artigo foi de verificar as consequências físicas e cognitivas relacionadasà ocorrência de dores e desconforto postural dos trabalhadores em suas tarefas diáriasde trabalho. A pesquisa foi realizada no com os profissionais em seu momento de folga,profissionais estes trabalhadores da empresa de energia elétrica e das empresas provedorasde internet na cidade de Anápolis, e sugere modificações no ambiente de trabalho com aintenção de favorecer a saúde e produtividade dos trabalhadores. Por meio da observaçãodireta e entrevista simultânea à execução da tarefa, foram destacadas as posturas maisfrequentes em cada função. As imagens registradas dessas posturas foram comparadas aodiagrama de Corlett e Manen.
Specificity of teaching students of non-linguistic specialities reading English
Authors: Gevorgyan Arsen G. , Shustova Irina N.
Published: May 2022

We consider current problem of teaching students of technical institutions reading special texts in English. The subject of research is basic difficulties of teaching and learning, which students and teachers face. The aim of the research is to reveal the typical reasons of emerging difficulties while teaching students reading authentic English texts and to search the effective ways to overcome the difficulties. By methods of enquiry and observation, systematization of existing evidence on this subject and basing on the authors’ experience, it is concluded that one of the difficulties of an authentic special article, together with the lexical and grammatical component, while teaching students of non-language specialties reading, appears a huge volume of a text, that is psy-chologically difficult to overcome for students with insufficient level of language competence. It has been proved that on the initial stage of teaching in a “weak” group of students, for more effective work, it is recommended to divide the text into fragments and share them among all students in the group. So that each student could make hard work at his extract. Difficulties, caused by unknown lexis and complex grammatical constructions, should be discussed with the students, commenting and explaining each case while checking up the task. The importance of teaching reading as one of the leading kinds of speech activity while preparing modern engineers is highlighted and proved by the authors. Practical use of the results of the research is possible while teaching a foreign language in non-linguistic institutions.
Modern approaches to career guidance of school students
Authors: Prokhorov Andrey V.
Published: May 2022

We consider the current formats of career guidance work, which, firstly, are focused on solving the problem of attracting applicants to universities, secondly, take into account the interests of students and contribute to conscious professional self-determination, and thirdly, take into account the labor market situation. The solution of these problems is possible as a result of the systematic organization of career guidance, the key subject of which is the university, while ensuring interaction in the triad “school – university – employer”. Within the framework of the university, career guidance work can be of a tiered nature and be carried out at the level of an educational program, department, institute/faculty, university. Domestic and foreign experience indicates the need to increase the depth of career guidance work, which is facilitated by the format of the “kids university”, in which students of primary and secondary schools get acquainted with professional areas. One of the urgent problems of career guidance work with school students is to increase their involvement in the proposed activities. The involvement and, as a result, the effectiveness of career guidance work makes it possible to increase its practical nature (trainings, master classes, professional tests), the use of a competitive component (olympiads, grant competitions), the use of game components (gamification elements) in career guidance events.
Psychological and pedagogical conditions for teaching students writing skills based on cooperative learning and ICT
Authors: Khmarenko Nikita I.
Published: May 2022

Teaching writing foreign-language statements to students majoring in foreign-language is one of the goals of teaching a foreign language in higher education. Modern information and communication technologies sustain business and personal communication in the context of glob-alization and informatization of society. Their use in the educational process as a means of training prepares future specialists for professional activity. Within the framework of this study, the psychological and pedagogical conditions for teaching writing foreign-language statements based on information and communication technologies are highlighted and substantiated. The use of the term ‘foreign language written statement’ is justified, its content is defined. Psychological and pedagogical conditions are considered as one of the varieties of internal pedagogical conditions aimed at personal growth and the development of general cultural and professional competencies. The following psychological and pedagogical conditions of teaching writing foreign language statement on the basis of pedagogical technology “cooperative learning” with the use of ICT are divided into: 1) motivation of students to take part in teaching writing foreign language statement; 2) development of foreign language communicative competence of students at level B1 and above; 3) consecutive execution of the stages of teaching writing foreign language statement based on cooperative learning with the use of ICT; 4) development of ICT competence of all subjects of the pedagogical process. All psychological and pedagogical conditions are described in detail and justified.
Specifics of foreign language specialist training: theoretical and practical aspects
Authors: Mikheeva Natalia N. , Guseva Raisa G.
Published: May 2022

The research presents vision of the importance of modern professional foreign language education and its impact on the professional development of the individual, the possession of techniques and methods of professional communication, taking into account the specifics of the culture of the interlocutor. Comprehensive development of personality and specialist is currently one of the most priority areas of the Russian system of professional foreign language education, which makes the problem presented in this study relevant. In this study: 1) the relevance is indicated and the need for disclosure of the specifics of specialist training by means of professional foreign language education is determined; 2) the specifics of professional foreign language education as:
a) an instrument of successful human activity in a multicultural community; b) a factor in the de-velopment of professional language consciousness and the culture of speech communication. A foreign language as an academic subject has always occupied a special place in the education of a specialist of any profession: proficiency in at least one foreign language is important and in de-mand today within the framework of international intercultural communication; 3) the characteristics of strategic directions in teaching language and culture in a non-linguistic university are presented; 4) the content of professional foreign language communicative competence of a future specialist is clarified; 5) the main vectors of innovative language and culture teaching within the framework of professional foreign language training of a specialist are proposed.
Analysis of the functional-motor state of goalball players
Authors: Khlystov Pavel A.
Published: May 2022

The relevance of this research is due to the need to monitor the functional state and the level of development of the coordination abilities of young goalball players in the annual macrocycle and the insufficient formation of a set of diagnostic tests for evaluating these indicators, taking into account visual deprivation of the studied contingent. As a subject of research, diagnostic tools for assessing the functional state and coordination abilities of young goalball players are defined. The aim of the research is to analyze the dynamics of the functional state and the level of development of the coordination abilities of goalball players in the initial training groups in the annual training macrocycle. To achieve the goal, the following research methods are used: analysis of scientific and methodological literature on the research problem, analysis of normative documentation regulating the training process in goalball, pedagogical observation, concretization, systematization, conducting functional tests and calculating indices based on the data obtained, testing coordination abilities, generalization. Results of the research: the features of the functional state and manifestations of the coordination abilities of children and adolescents with visual impairments are determined, the existing modified motor tests for people with visual deprivation re summarized; Functional-motor tests for athletes aged 14–16 years with visual impairments are presented and, on their basis, an analysis of training effects on the functional-motor state of goal-ball players during the annual macrocycle at the stage of initial training was carried out. The re-sults of the study can be recommended for practical application to athletes with visual impair-ments, specializing both in goalball and other sports, and their coaches in order to improve both the training process in general and quality and full control in particular.
Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma: Two Distinct Clinical Presentations
Authors: Miranda Pedro , Moita Filipa , Vargas Moniz João , Rodrigues dos Santos Catarina
Published: May 2022

Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a rare CD30 positive T cell lymphoma whose incidence has recently increased. Until 2020, 733 cases of BIA-ALCL and 36 deaths have been reported around the world, with only one confirmed case in Portugal. The authors describe two clinical cases of BIA-ALCL after breast cancer reconstruction using macrotextured implants. Case 1: A 45-year-old patient, who presented with a typical late-onset seroma five years after breast reconstruction and underwent capsulectomy, confirming localized disease to the capsule. Case 2: A 43-year-old patient presented with an atypical presentation of pleural effusion and tumor mass, 14 years after reconstruction. She underwent implant removal and chemotherapy, due to metastatic disease. These clinical cases illustrate two very distinct clinical presentations of BIA-ALCL. Early diagnosis of this entity allows for effective treatment of the disease, which should be approached in a multidisciplinary setting.
Commissural alignment in TAVI: a new frontier to facilitate coronary reaccess and Redo TAVI
Authors: Avvedimento Marisa , Tang Gilbert H. L
Published: May 2022

As transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) expands to younger and low-risk patients with longer life expectancies, the need for post-TAVI coronary access and reintervention for failing transcatheter heart valve (THV) is expected to increase. Commissural alignment in TAVI may facilitate subsequent coronary access, avoiding severe overlap with the THV commissures, and potentially redo-TAVI. The ability to traverse a THV to access the coronary ostia is related to anatomic factors (coronary height and sino-tubular junction (STJ) height and width) and valve-related features. Furthermore, recent evidence suggests that commissural alignment after TAVI may have an impact on THV’s hemodynamics and durability. Several studies have provided technique modifications to obtain commissural alignment with available self-expanding TAVI devices. However, future efforts should aim to refine THV and delivery system designs to make neo-commissural alignment easier and safer. An individualized decision-making approach is recommended in device selection when considering future coronary access and redo-TAVI to facilitate the lifetime management of patients with aortic valve and coronary artery disease. This review aims to provide an overview of available evidence for neo-commissural alignment and strategies to achieve more anatomic valve implantation further.
Status of CO2 mineralization and its utilization prospects
Authors: Wang Fei , Dreisinger David
Published: May 2022

Action is currently being taken globally to mitigate global warming.The objective of reducing CO2 emissions is not a burden for society but is a significant opportunity for evolution in various industries for the sustainable production of energy and the essential minerals, metals, and materials required for modern society. CO2 mineralization is one of the most promising methods to effectively reduce CO2 emissions via the formation of stable mineral carbonates. Accelerated mineral carbonation requires high capital costs for implementation. Accordingly, it has thus far not been economically feasible to carry out accelerated CO2 mineralization alone. Accelerated CO2 mineralization must be combined with other associated technologies to produce high-value products. The technical developments in enhanced metal recovery, nanomaterials, enhanced flotation, H2 production and applications in the cement industry may be suitable options. The utilization and generation of valuable byproducts may determine the economic feasibility of CO2 mineralization processes. The need for CO2 reduction and utilization can contribute to driving the development of many innovative and sustainable technologies for the future benefit of society. The implementation of carbon taxation may also significantly motivate the development of these technologies and their potential application.
Russia and the World: 2022 IMEMO Forecast
Authors: Dynkin A. , Baranovsky V. , Kobrinskaya I. , Machavariani G. , Adno Y. , Afontsev S. , Bogaevskaya O. , Bogacheva A. , Vartazarova L. , Voda K. , Volodin A. , Davydov A. , Danilin I. , Desyatsky E. , Dmitriev S. , Zhukov S. , Zhuravleva V. , Zagashvili V. , Zvyagelskaya I. , Ibragimov I. , Kanaev E. , Kvashnin Y. , Kislitsyn S. , Kopytin I. , Ilya K. , Kudinova O. , Kupriyanov A. , Lazovskii S. , Leontyeva E. , Lomanov A. , Lukashin Y. , Lukonin S. , Malashenko A. , Malysheva D. , Mamedyarov Z. , Medzhidova D. , Migranyan A. , Mirkin Y. , Nevskaya A. , Nikitina E. , Podkolzina I. , Popov V. , Pritchin S. , Samarskaya L. , Svistunova I. , Solovyev E. , Surkov N. , Tyukaeva T. , Utkin S. , Fedorovsky A. , Frumkin B. , Khudyakova L. , Shvydko V. , Shirokov S.
Published: May 2022

Abridged English-language version of the annual IMEMO forecast ‘Russia and the World: 2022’ is dedicated to the analysis and the forecast of key trends in the world economy and international relations in 2022. The primary focus is on the issues that are of fundamental importance for ensuring stable economic and political development of Russia in the near (2022) and more distant future. In the preparation of the paper, the long-term experience of predictive research carried out by IMEMO RAS was used. The paper consists of three parts: global trends, economics, and foreign policy. Among the global trends accelerated digitalization and all related social, political, and economic changes; focus on technological competition; climate/environmental and energy agendas are coming to the fore; increasing geopolitical and geo-economic tensions and the raging global pandemic of COVID-19 are highlighted. In the world economy, the authors of the paper expect an increase in inflation, acceleration of digitalization amid intensifying technology competition and the pursuit of digital sovereignty, acceleration of decarbonization, launch of demethanization process, and shifts in food systems. The paper further assesses the prospects of the leading industry drivers of world economic growth in 2022: production of semiconductors; pharmaceuticals and biomedicine; rare earth, non-ferrous, and ferrous metals. In the next section of the paper, political and social trends are analyzed in the countries of North America, Europe, Pacific and South Asia, Post-Soviet space. The final section of the paper gives the forecast of the relations of the Russian Federation with its key foreign partners. Against the backdrop of the renewal of the global economy, which includes energy transition and accelerated digitalization, it is becoming vitally important for Russia to conduct a comprehensive balanced restructuring of the national economy and social sphere. Translation: Artamonova U.Z., Samarskaya L.M., Sokolova P.S., Urumov T.R., translation editors Mamedyarov Z.A., Moiseeva D.E.
EPISTIMOLOGI KRITISISME IMMANUEL KANT
Authors: Dinata Syaiful
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh pemikiran Immanuel Kant terkait usahanya untuk mendamaikan konflik berkepanjangan rasionalisme dan kelompok empirisme, yang dimana dikemudian hari pemikiran Kant menjadi cikal bakal pijakan awal dari para pemikir setelahnya. Metode penelitian yang penulis lakukan ialah kualitatif dengan pendekatan library research. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini adalah teknik dokumentasi, yaitu dengan cara mengumpulkan data-data berkas penting yang menunjang penelitian baik sumber primer seperti buku Tokoh Filsuf dan Era Keemasan Filsafat karya Nurnaningsih Nawawi maupun sumber skunder lainnya yang menunjang terkait topik bahasan. Hasil penelitian ini bahwa kritisisme Immanuel Kant, filsafat kritisisme merupakan penggabungan antara rasionalisme dan empirisme. Aliran kritisisme ini dikenal pula sebagai kritisisme Kant, karena Kant sebagai penggagas pertama kali yang mengkritik dan menganalisis kedua macam sumber pengetahuan itu dan menggabungkan keduanya. Kemudian, Immanuel Kant, Kilasan Hidup dan Karya-karya utamanya, Immanuel Kant lahir di Konigsberg, Prussia Timur (sekarang Jerman), pada tanggal 22 April 1724. Lahir sebagai anak keempat dari enam bersaudara Ayahnya, berdarah Skotlandia. Ibunya, berdarah Jerman. Orang tua Kant adalah seorang pembuat pelana kuda dan penganut setia gerakan Pietisme. Selama 80 (1804 w) tahun hidup, Kant banyak melahirkan karya-karya di antaranya yaitu: (1) 1781 karangannya tentang kritik atas rasio murni. (2) 1788 karangannya tentang kritik atas rasio praktik. (3) 1790 karangannya tentang kritik atas rasio daya pertimbangan/putusan, dan Epistemologi kritisisme Immanuel Kant, pemikiran Immanuel Kant dalam bidang epistemologi sepenuhnya tercurah dalam karyanya yang berjudul Critique of Pure Reason. Pemikiran Kant tersebut menginspirasi banyak filsuf setelahnya untuk menyajikan gagasan tentang pengetahuan manusia.
Physical Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Routes: from Primary Production and Emissions to Exposures and COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Huppes Gjalt , Huele Ruben
Published: May 2022

Measures in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic were based on rough ideas regarding transmission routes of pathogens. Quantified models of physical transmission routes are mostly lacking, a gap to be filled. Vaccines and medicines, important, are not studied here. We first survey main routes, from primary production in the alveoli and intestines to emissions, environmental routes, to exposure and alveolar infection. Next, specific routes are modelled, mostly at a preliminary state, open to systematic improvement. Starting from a standardized emitter, modelling results show extreme differences in potential exposure, in a range covering up to 4 orders of magnitude. The outcomes are pathogen-specific, already different between SARS-CoV-2 and influenza. Extreme exposures may result in smaller spaces; with lower ventilation rates; with a high density of emitting persons per m3; who stay there for several hours; and visitors staying more than a few minutes. In spaces where a build-up of concentrations is low, exposures are low, lowest in open air situations. A main conclusion for the next pandemic is that a quantified model can give strong guidance on where measures are primarily due. For SARS-CoV-2, ventilation can be improved short-term. Longer-term, effective ventilation rules and adaptation of buildings may reduce high exposures substantially.
Combination Treatment of Intense Pulsed Light Therapy and Meibomian Gland Expression for Evaporative Dry Eye
Authors: Peng Kai-Ling , Chiu Chen-Jui , Tuan Hsin-I , Lee YI-Chen , Hsu Pyn-Sing , Chen Jiunn-Liang
Published: May 2022

Dry eye disease (DED) most commonly caused by evaporative subtypes and mainly induced by meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). Intense pulsed light (IPL) combined with meibomian gland expression (MGX) is noninvasive treatment for improvement of ocular discomfort symptoms and MGD. In this prospective study between November 2020 and May 2022, the patients met the criteria of both ocular surface disease index (OSDI) ≥13 scores and standardized patient evaluation of eye dryness (SPEED)≥ 8 scores were enrolled in Kaohsiung Veteran General Hospital. Three separate treatment sessions of IPL therapy combined with MGX administered to the lower lids with an interval of 28 days. Further tear film assessment included lipid layer thickness (LLT), tear meniscus height (TMH), non-invasive tear break-up time (NIBUT), meibomian gland loss (MGL) either beforeor after 1st and 3rd IPL therapy combined with MGX. Besides, lissamine green staining and pain scores were also recorded. We totally enrolled 37 patients of 74 eyes. Men accounted for 18.92% (7/37). The mean age was 54.51 ± 11.72 years. The mean OSDI scores were 58.12 ± 22, while the SPEED scores were 17.03 ± 5.98. The mean Schirmer’s test was 3.66 ± 2.43 mm. After three sessions IPL treatment with MGX, the OSDI, SPEED, LLT, TMH, MGL, MGXS and pain scores were significantly improved. For the MGX scores (MGXS) ≤20 group, MGL and lissamine green scores showed significant improvements. For the MGXS >20 group, TMH and dry spot rate revealed statistically improvement. Noninvasive IPL therapy with MGX statistically improved not only dry eye symptoms but also tear film assessments.
An Exploratory Study of Tweets about the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant: Insights from Sentiment Analysis, Language Interpretation, Source Tracking, Type Classification, and Embedded URL Detection
Authors: Thakur Nirmalya , Han Chia Y.
Published: May 2022

This paper presents the findings of an exploratory study on the continuously generating Big Data on Twitter related to the sharing of information, news, views, opinions, ideas, knowledge, feedback, and experiences about the COVID-19 pandemic, with a specific focus on the Omicron variant, which is the globally dominant variant of SARS-CoV-2 at this time. A total of 12028 tweets about the Omicron variant were studied, and the specific characteristics of tweets that were analyzed include - sentiment, language, source, type, and embedded URLs. The findings of this study are manifold. First, from sentiment analysis, it was observed that 50.5% of tweets had the ‘neutral’ emotion. The other emotions - ‘bad’, ‘good’, ‘terrible’, and ‘great’ were found in 15.6%, 14.0%, 12.5%, and 7.5% of the tweets, respectively. Second, the findings of language interpretation showed that 65.9% of the tweets were posted in English. It was followed by Spanish or Castillian, French, Italian, Japanese, and other languages, which were found in 10.5%, 5.1%, 3.3%, 2.5%, and <2% of the tweets, respectively. Third, the findings from source tracking showed that “Twitter for Android” was associated with 35.2% of tweets. It was followed by “Twitter Web App”, “Twitter for iPhone”, “Twitter for iPad”, “TweetDeck”, and all other sources that accounted for 29.2%, 25.8%, 3.8%, 1.6%, and <1% of the tweets, respectively. Fourth, studying the type of tweets revealed that retweets accounted for 60.8% of the tweets, it was followed by original tweets and replies that accounted for 19.8% and 19.4% of the tweets, respectively. Finally, in terms of embedded URL analysis, the most common URLs embedded in the tweets were found to be twitter.com, which was followed by biorxiv.org, nature.com, wapo.st, nzherald.co.nz, recvprofits.com, science.org, and other URLs.
Sulfide PGE–Cu–Ni and Low-Sulfide Pt–Pd Ores of the Monchegorsk Ore District (Arctic Western Sector): Geology, Mineralogy, Geochemistry, and Genesis
Authors: Chashchin V.V. , Ivanchenko V.N.
Published: May 2022

During the recent exploration of the Monchegorsk ore district (MOD) in the Arctic western sector, the platinum potential of known Cu–Ni deposits (Nittis-Kumuzhya-Travyanaya (NKT), Nyud, Ore Horizon 330 (OH330), and Terrasa) has been assessed, and new sulfide PGE–Cu–Ni deposits (Western Nittis) and manifestations (Moroshkovoe Ozero, Poaz, and Arvarench), and low-sulfide Pt–Pd deposits (Loipishnyun, Southern Sopcha, and Vuruchuaivench) have been discovered. All of them are confined to Paleoproterozoic (ca. 2.5 Ga) layered intrusions (the Monchegorsk pluton (Monchepluton) and the Monchetundra massif) and are divided into two types according to their structural position: basal, located in the marginal parts of intrusions, and reef-type (stratiform). All types of ores show Pd specialization. Platinum group minerals (PGM) have a limited composition in sulfide PGE–Cu–Ni ores and are represented by predominant Pt and Pd compounds with Bi and Te and subordinate PGE arsenides and sulfides. Low-sulfide Pt–Pd ores are characterized by a significant variety of PGM, with a predominance of PGE sulfides, bismuthide-tellurides, and arsenides. Sulfide PGE–Cu–Ni deposits and manifestations (Western Nittis, NKT, Nyud, Moroshkovoe Ozero, Poaz, and Arvarench) formed through the accumulation of base metal sulfides and PGE in immiscible sulfides and their subsequent segregation in commercial contents. The reef-type OH330 deposit and Terrasa manifestation resulted from the injection of additional portions of sulfur-saturated magma. The basal-type low-sulfide Pt–Pd deposits (Loipishnyun and Southern Sopcha) formed from residual melts enriched in ore components and fluids separated and crystallized during long-term oreforming processes. The reef-type Vuruchuaivench deposit is the result of deep fractionation of the parental magma with the formation of a sulfide liquid enriched in Cu and PGE. Significant reserves and large predicted resources of sulfide PGE–Cu–Ni and low-sulfide Pt–Pd ores are a reliable mineral resource base for the development of the mining industry in the Kola region of the Arctic western sector.
Geodynamic Formation Conditions and Age of Granitoids from Small Intrusions in the West of the Yana–Kolyma Gold Belt (Northeast Asia)
Authors: Fridovsky V.Yu. , Vernikovskaya A.E. , Yakovleva K.Yu. , Rodionov N.V. , Travin A.V. , Matushkin N.Yu. , Kadilnikov P.I.
Published: May 2022

We report results of geological, mineralogical-petrographic, geochemical, isotope-geochemical (Sm–Nd, Rb–Sr), and geochronological (U–Pb, 40Ar/39Ar) studies of acid and intermediate intrusive rocks (granodiorites, leucocratic granites, subalkaline granites, and subalkaline leucocratic granites, diorites, and quartz diorites) of the Bukeschen and Samyr small plutons in the western part of the Yana–Kolyma gold belt (northeast Asia). These rocks are combined with Late Jurassic (151–145 Ma) dikes of basic, intermediate, and acid compositions into a single complex of small intrusions. They intrude the Upper Triassic–Middle Jurassic terrigenous deposits of continental margin blocks in the eastern part of the Verkhoyansk–Kolyma folded area. Our new U–Pb data for zircon (SHRIMP-II) indicate that the Bukeschen and Samyr pluton granitoids formed in the Berriasian, at 144.5 and 143 Ma, respectively. The small-intrusion granitoids have geochemical and isotope (Sm–Nd and Rb–Sr) characteristics similar to those of Late Jurassic dikes of varying composition. Therefore, they can be united into a single complex of small intrusions generated from a mixed source with the participation of mantle (OIB- and E-MORB type), lower crust, and subduction components and with Paleoproterozoic–Mesoproterozoic Sm–Nd model age estimates for the magma sources. Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous magmatic and postmagmatic events and cooling of the intrusions played an important role in the processes of gold localization in the western part of the Yana–Kolyma gold belt. This is reflected in two tectonothermal stages (accounting for closing temperatures of the U–Pb, 40Ar/39Ar, and Re–Os isotope systems for different minerals) estimated at 151–141 and 138–137 Ma. These results for the small-intrusion complex agree with the tectonic model of the evolution of an active continental margin (northeastern Siberia) in the Mesozoic era, whose final development stage in the Berriasian age saw the formation of mostly small granitoid plutons.
The transition dynamics and force constants of energy bearing warped space mediator structures
Authors: Koehler Dale. R.
Published: May 2022

It is shown in the present work that the distorted-space model of matter can describe conventional force-constants and transition-mediator structures. We use the verbiage “distorted” to communicate the concept of “energetic warping” to distinguish “spatial warping” from “classical matter warping”, although the concept of “matter” is in fact, in the present context, the “geometric distortion energy” of the spatial manifold itself without a classical “matter stressenergy source”. The “distorted-geometry” structures exhibit non-Newtonian features wherein the hole or core-region fields of the structures are energetically-repulsive (negative pressure), do not behave functionally in an r -4 manner and terminate at zero at the radial origin (no singularity). Near the core of the distortion the magnetic fields dominate the energy-densities of the structures thereby departing from classical particle-structure descriptions. Black-body radiation-emission and structural modeling lead to a description of transition dynamics and photonic entities.
The transition dynamics and force constants of energy-bearing warped-space mediator structures
Authors: Koehler Dale. R.
Published: May 2022

It is shown in the present work that the distorted-space model of matter can describe conventional force-constants and transition-mediator structures. We use the verbiage “distorted” to communicate the concept of “energetic warping” to distinguish “spatial warping” from “classical matter warping”, although the concept of “matter” is in fact, in the present context, the “geometric distortion energy” of the spatial manifold itself without a classical “matter stress-energy source”. The “distorted-geometry” structures exhibit non-Newtonian features wherein the hole or core-region fields of the structures are energetically-repulsive (negative pressure), do not behave functionally in an r-4 manner and terminate at zero at the radial origin (no singularity). Near the core of the distortion the magnetic fields dominate the energy-densities of the structures thereby departing from classical particle-structure descriptions. Black-body and gray-body radiation-emission and structural modeling lead to a description of transition dynamics and photonic entities.
Predictors of Mortality of Hemorrhagic Stroke with Brain Herniation at Teaching Hospital, Indonesia
Authors: Martono Martono , Sudiro Sudiro , Satino Satino , Lestari Siti , Insiyah Insiyah , Martuti Sri
Published: May 2022

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
One-year outcomes of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation in young patients
Authors: Tseng Andrew S. , Patel Harsh P. , Kumar Ashish , Jani Chinmay , Patel Kirtenkumar , Jaswaney Rahul , Thakkar Samarthkumar , Kowlgi Narayan G. , Dani Sourbha S. , Arora Shilpkumar , Mulpuru Siva K. , Madhavan Malini , Killu Ammar M. , Cha Yongmei , DeSimone Christopher V. , Deshmukh Abhishek
Published: May 2022

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is relatively less frequent in younger patients (age<50). Recently, studies have suggested that early restoration of sinus rhythm may lead to improved outcomes compared with rate control. Methods: We included all hospitalized patients between 18 and 50 years with a diagnosis of AF from the Nationwide Readmission Database 2016-2017 from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project. Demographic and comorbidity data were collected and analyzed. Outcomes assessed included one-year AF readmission rates, all-cause readmission, ischemic stroke, and all-cause mortality. Subgroup analyses were performed for all demographic and comorbidity variables.Results: Overall, 52,598 patients (medium age 44, interquartile range 38-48, female 25.7%) were included in the study, including 2,146 (4.0%) who underwent catheter ablation for AF. Patients who underwent catheter ablation had a significantly lower rate of readmission for AF or any cause at one year (adjusted hazard ratios (HR) of 0.52 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.43-0.63] and HR of 0.81 [95% CI: 0.72 - 0.89], respectively). There was no difference in 1-year readmission for stroke or all-cause mortality between the two groups. Subgroup analyses showed a consistent reduction in the risk of AF readmission among major demographic and comorbidity subgroups.Conclusion: Catheter ablation in young patients with AF was associated with a reduction in 1-year AF related and all-cause readmissions. These data merit further prospective investigation for validation.
New Formulas for the Trigonometry of Isosceles Triangles
Authors: King Noah
Published: May 2022

This paper discusses a new formula to solve for the angle of isosceles triangles given proportion of differentiated unequivalent edge length versus the always-equivalent edges. The equation is equal to the arcsine of (X/2) multiplied by two. This formula is to be called ‘isn^-1(x)’, short for inverse isosceles sine equivalent. Also discussed is the non-inverse ‘isn(x)’ which is the cyclic function which is determined to correspond as the equivalent of the classic sine formula to isosceles triangles. The formula set is clearly superior and powerful at calculating the angle and measure of any given obtuse or acute triangle of an unclassified type, as well as unifying a simplest-fit formula across all types of triangle. Also discussed are two transform approximation formulas, which help to analyze graphs and samples. Finally, other methods your author has obtained to calculate angles are discussed and disproven in their effectiveness against this article’s formulas at focus, as with any other known angle formulas.
The SCRIPT Trial: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial of a polygenic risk score to tailor colorectal cancer screening in primary care
Authors: Saya Sibel , Boyd Lucy , Chondros Patty , McNamara Mairead , King Michelle , Milton Shakira , Lourenco Richard De Abreu , Clark Malcolm , Fishman George , Marker Julie , Ostroff Cheri , Allman Richard , Walter Fiona M. , Buchanan Daniel , Winship Ingrid , McIntosh Jennifer , Macrae Finlay , Jenkins Mark , Emery Jon
Published: May 2022

Background: Polygenic risk scores (PRS) can predict risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) and target screening more precisely than current guidelines using age and family history alone. Primary care, as a far-reaching point of healthcare and routine provider of cancer screening and risk information, may be an ideal location for their widespread implementation.Methods: This trial aims to determine whether the SCRIPT intervention results in more risk-appropriate CRC screening after 12 months in individuals attending general practice, compared with standard cancer risk reduction information. The SCRIPT intervention consists of a CRC PRS, tailored risk-specific screening recommendations and a risk report for participants and their GP, delivered in general practice. Patients aged between 45 and 70 inclusive, attending their GP, will be approached for participation. For those over 50, only those overdue for CRC screening will be eligible to participate. Two hundred and seventy-four participants will be randomised to the intervention or control arms, stratified by general practice, using a computer-generated allocation sequence. The primary outcome is risk-appropriate CRC screening after 12 months. For those in the intervention arm, risk-appropriate screening is defined using PRS-derived risk; for those in the control arm, it is defined using family history and national screening guidelines. Timing, type and results of previous screening are considered in both arms. Objective health service data will capture screening behaviour. Secondary outcomes include cancer-specific worry, risk perception, predictors of CRC screening behaviour, screening intentions and health service use at 1-, 6- and 12-months post intervention delivery.Discussion: This trial aims to determine whether a PRS-derived personalised CRC risk estimate delivered in primary care increases risk-appropriate CRC screening. A future population risk-stratified CRC screening program could incorporate risk assessment within primary care, while encouraging adherence to targeted screening recommendations.Trial registration: Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry, ACTRN12621000092897p. Registered on 1 February 2021, https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?ACTRN=12621000092897
Selective sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 modulator attenuates blood–brain barrier disruption following traumatic brain injury by inhibiting vesicular transcytosis
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Wang Lin , Pan Qiuling , Yang Xiaomin , Cao Yunchuan , Yan Jin , Wang Yingwen , Tao Yihao , Fan Runjin , Sun Xiaochuan , Li Lin
Published: May 2022

BackgroundTraumatic brain injury (TBI) provokes secondary pathological damage, such as damage to the blood–brain barrier (BBB), ischaemia and inflammation. Major facilitator superfamily domain-containing 2a (Mfsd2a) has been demonstrated to be critical in limiting the increase in BBB vesicle transcytosis following brain injury. Recent studies suggest that a novel and selective modulator of the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1), CYM-5442, maintains the integrity of the BBB by restricting vesicle transcytosis during acute ischaemic stroke. In the current study, we investigated whether CYM-5442, evaluated in a short-term study, could protect the brains of mice with acute-stage TBI by reversing the increase in vesicle transport due to reduced mfsd2a expression after TBI.MethodsWe used the well-characterized model of TBI caused by controlled cortical impact. CYM-5442 (0.3, 1, 3 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected 30 min after surgery for 7 consecutive days. To investigate the effect of CYM-5442 on vesicle transcytosis, we downregulated and upregulated Mfsd2a expression using a specific AAV prior to evaluation of the TBI model. MRI scanning, cerebral blood flow, circulating blood counts, ELISA, TEM, WB, and immunostaining evaluations were performed after brain injury.ResultsCYM-5442 significantly attenuated neurological deficits and reduced brain oedema in TBI mice. CYM-5442 transiently suppressed lymphocyte trafficking but did not induce persistent lymphocytopenia. After TBI, the levels of Mfsd2a were decreased significantly, while the levels of CAV-1 and albumin were increased. In addition, Mfsd2a deficiency caused inadequate sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) transport in the brain parenchyma, and the regulation of BBB permeability by Mfsd2a after TBI was shown to be related to changes in vesicle transcytosis. Downregulation of Mfsd2a in mice markedly increased the BBB permeability, neurological deficit scores, and brain water contents after TBI. Intervention with CYM-5442 after TBI protected the BBB by significantly reducing the vesicle transcytosis of cerebrovascular endothelial cells.ConclusionIn addition to transiently suppressing lymphocytes, CYM-5442 alleviated the neurological deficits, cerebral edema and protective blood–brain barrier permeability in TBI mice by reducing the vesicle transcytosis of cerebrovascular endothelial cells.
COI is not always right: integrative taxonomy reveals striking overestimation of species diversity in a Mediterranean freshwater amphipod
Authors: Hupalo Kamil , Copilaș-Ciocianu Denis , Leese Florian , Weiss Martina
Published: May 2022

BackgroundThe emergence of DNA taxonomy sparked a paradigm shift in biodiversity assessments and revealed the existence of many morphologically cryptic species in all ecosystems worldwide. For animals, DNA-based assessments of species diversity usually rely on the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. However, an increasing number of studies report patterns of mito-nuclear discordance originating for example from shared ancestral polymorphisms or introgression, leading to an over- or underestimation of true species diversity. Therefore, reports of mitochondrial lineages should be verified by other methods. Freshwater amphipods are ideal model organisms since putative cryptic species have been reported in many of the nominal taxa. In this study, we investigated the species status of the numerous mitochondrial molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) found within the Mediterranean freshwater amphipod Echinogammarus sicilianus on Sicily. For validation, we used an integrative taxonomic approach combining DNA barcoding with behavioural data, detailed morphometrics and genome-wide double digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-seq). Results Within a relatively small sampling area (approx. 200 km2), we detected 12 divergent COI MOTUs, with genetic distances ranging from 1.8% to 20.3% and a mean distance of 11%. At 17 of the 25 sampling sites up to six MOTUs occurred in syntopy. The four most common MOTUs were analysed with high resolution morphometric data (49 measurements per specimen), but we found no clear evidence of morphological differentiation among them. We also observed a high level of MOTU intermixing (38%) in precopulatory pairs. Similarly, ten of the mitochondrial MOTUs were not supported by the genome-wide ddRAD-seq data. However, for the two remaining mitochondrial MOTUs found at sites outside of the main river stretch, ddRAD-seq and COI data were congruent, indicating that those MOTUs might indeed represent cryptic species. Conclusions Our study on the amphipod E. sicilianus reveals another prominent example of mito-nuclear discordance indicating that species delimitation based solely on mitochondrial markers can significantly overestimate species diversity. The study highlights that integrative taxonomy approaches are important for validating species status, especially in hyperdiverse species complexes, where many mitochondrial MOTUs occur in close proximity or even syntopy.
Myometrial Oxidative Stress Drives MED12 Mutations for Leiomyoma development
Authors: Li Yinuo , Xu Xiuhua , Asif Huma , Feng Yue , Kohrn Brendan F. , Kennedy Scott R. , Kim J Julie , Wei Jian-Jun
Published: May 2022

Background
More than 70% of leiomyomas (LM) harbor MED12 mutations, primarily in exon 2 at c.130–131(GG). The cause of MED12 mutations in myometrial cells remains largely unknown. We hypothesized that increased ROS promotes MED12 mutations in myometrial cells through the oxidation of guanine nucleotides followed by misrepair.
Methods
Genomic oxidative burden (8-OHdG) was evaluated in vitro and in vivo by immunohistochemistry. MED12 mutations were examined by Sanger sequencing and deep sequencing. Transcriptome examined by RNA-seq was performed in myometrium with and without LM, in primary myometrial cells treated with ROS. 8-OHdG mediated misrepair was analyzed by CRISPR/Cas9.
Results
Uteri with high LM burden had a significantly higher rate of MED12 mutations than uteri with low LM burden. Compelling data suggest that the uterus normally produces reactive oxidative species (ROS) in response to stress, and ROS levels in LM are elevated due to metabolic defects. We demonstrated that genomic oxidized guanine (8-OHdG) was found at a significantly higher level in the myometrium of uteri that had multiple LM compared to myometrium without LM. Transcriptome and pathway analyses detected ROS stress in myometrium with LM. Targeted replacement of guanine with 8-OHdG at MED12 c.130 by CRISPR/Cas9 significantly increased the misrepair of G > T. Exposure of primary myometrial cells to oxidative stress in vitro increased misrepair/mutations as detected by duplex sequencing.
Conclusions
Together, our data identified a clear connection between increased myometrial oxidative stress and a high rate of MED12 mutations that may underlie the risk of LM development and severity in women of reproductive age.
Single-Piece Foldable Intraocular Lenses versus Three-Piece Intraocular Lenses in the Sulcus following Posterior Capsular Rupture
Authors: Torrefranca Aramis B. , Florcruz Nilo Vincent DG. , Cariño Noel S. , Kho Richard C.
Published: May 2022

Purpose:Successful intraocular lens (IOL) placement in cataract surgery is synonymous with the IOL being placed in the capsular bag. When the bag is violated, the ciliary sulcus becomes an option to be able to place an intraocular lens in a near in-the-bag position. Studies report that single-piece foldable acrylic (SPA) IOLs are a poor choice for the sulcus. This study aimed to compare the visual outcomes and complications between sulcus placement of single-piece intraocular lenses and three-piece intraocular lenses.Methods: The medical records of patients were retrospectively reviewed in a single center.Results: A total of 245 patients were included in the study with mean age of 61 with male predominance. Majority of sulcus implantation occurred during phacoemulsification (87%). Around 82% (n=202) were implanted with SPA IOLs and 18% (n=43) were three-piece IOLs. Best corrected distance visual acuity (BCDVA) was 20/20 after 6 months for both groups. Comparison between two groups showed no superiority with each other. Complications notable were elevated IOP, corneal edema, loss of IOL centration and pigment dispersion. Results showed more proportions of complications with SPA IOLs than three-piece IOL. Smaller optic diameter and overall length predispose to increase in decentrations.Conclusions: We found no significant difference between the visual outcomes of three-piece IOLs with SPA IOLs. Complications were found to be more significant in SPA IOLs. Knowledge on the outcomes and complications of SPA IOLs would help ophthalmologists in their decision making and help set realistic expectations for both doctors and patients.
Transverse Oscillations and Novel Energy Source in a Strongly Magnetized Sunspot
Authors: Yuan Ding , Fu Libo , Cao Wenda , Kuzma B. , Geeraerts Michaël , Arjona Juan Carlos Trelles , Murawski K. , Doorsselaere Tom Van , Srivast Abhishek , Miao Yuhu , Feng Song , feng xueshang , Noda Carlos Quintero , Cobo Basilio Ruiz , Su Jiangtao
Published: May 2022

The solar corona is maintained at a temperature of millions of Kelvin, 2 to 3 orders of magnitude hotter than the underlying photosphere. The plasma above sunspots is fully ionized and is subjected to a strong energy loss in form of radiation and thermal conduction. A heating flux above 1,000 W m^{-2} is required to maintain the plasma temperature at the coronal level[1]. Repetitive magnetic energy releases at short length scales, known as nanoflares, are proposed as one of the potential heating mechanisms, however, no persuasive observation has even been reported yet[2,3]. Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves do not display promising plasma heating efficiency, because they are observed to either have strong energy flux with a low occurrence rate or the otherwise[4-8]. Using the Goode Solar Telescope, we report the first detection of ubiquitous and persistent transverse waves in umbral fibrils within a strongly magnetized sunspot. The energy flux carried by these kink waves was estimated to be about 7.52x10^6 W m^{-2}, 3 to 4 orders of magnitude stronger than the required energy flux to compensate for the energy losses in the active region. Two-fluid MHD simulation reproduced the novel observations and showed that these transverse waves could dissipate a significant amount of energy indispensable for coronal heating. Our study identifies a novel source in form of MHD waves that could provide sufficient energy flux for coronal heating.