bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cheilitis Glandularis: A clinicopathologic study with emphasis on etiopathogenesis
Authors: Piperi Evangelia , Georgaki Maria , Andreou Anastasia , Pettas Efstathios , Tziveleka Styliani , Nikitakis Nikolaos G.
Published: February 2022

Objectives

Cheilitis Glandularis (CG) is an uncommon entity of obscure etiology. A cases series is presented with emphasis on etiopathogenesis.

Materials and Methods

Fourteen CG cases were analyzed according to their demographic and clinicopathologic characteristics.

Results

The mean age of the patients with CG was 68.1 years, while a male‐to‐female ratio of 1.8:1 was observed. One or more potential causative factors were identified for each patient, including long‐term smoking (9 cases), xerostomia (4 cases), cosmetic filler injections (2 cases), and actinic cheilitis (1 case). The lesions were located on the lips, buccal mucosa, or both in 7, 2, and 5 cases, respectively. Multiple submucosal nodules with dilated ductal orifices and mucous or purulent discharge were observed in all cases. Histopathologically, ductal ectasia with metaplasia, intraductal mucin, and chronic or mixed inflammation were noted, as well as pools of hyaluronic acid in 2 cases with a history of cosmetic filler injections.

Conclusions

CG etiopathogenesis is probably multifactorial. Reduced salivary flow rate and increased viscosity of saliva, potentially caused by long‐term smoking, diabetes mellitus, and drug‐induced xerostomia, may participate in the initial pathogenesis, while local irritants, for example, poor oral hygiene and local trauma, may further contribute to the development and aggravation of the condition.
Community‐led peatland restoration in Southeast Asia: 5Rs approach
Authors: Terzano Dilva , Attorre Fabio , Parish Faizal , Moss Patrick , Bresciani Fabrizio , Cooke Roshan , Dargusch Paul
Published: February 2022

Peatlands in Southeast Asia are of global significance for biodiversity conservation and climate regulation as well as of national and local significance for water management and livelihood support. Despite this, these ecosystems are among the least studied and monitored of the world, and are increasingly threatened by anthropogenic activities. Peatland degradation is responsible for the largest greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission source from the agriculture, forestry, and other land use (AFOLU) sectors in the region. Peatland restoration is a key mitigation and preventative intervention to halt the degradation of these ecosystems. In recent years, a small number of studies have aimed to define peatland restoration processes and approaches, the latest being the 4Rs approach—Rewetting, Reduction of fire, Revegetation, and Revitalization. The latter component being focused on the local communities benefits, in terms of promoting diversified sustainable livelihoods. Based on evidence of successful peatland restoration interventions in Southeast Asia, which we define as being “community‐led,” we propose a 5Rs approach to peatland restoration instead, with community participation embedded in each component of the approach, beyond Revitalization, as well as in a fifth crosscutting component: Reporting and monitoring (R5). The new community‐led 5Rs approach can support the ongoing formulation, refinement and implementation of peatland restoration strategies and activities in Southeast Asia and beyond by achieving ecological restoration goals, while obtaining local communities endorsement and support, needed for the long‐term sustainability of the restoration interventions.
Reply
Authors: Harada Jumpei , Nagata Kazuma , Morimoto Takeshi , Iwata Kentaro , Matsunashi Atsushi , Sato Yuki , Tachikawa Ryo , Ishikawa Akira , Tomii Keisuke
Published: February 2022

See related Letter
How lay theories of prejudice shape prejudice confrontations: Examining beliefs about prejudice prevalence, origins, and controllability
Authors: Chaney Kimberly E. , Wedell Emma
Published: February 2022

The formative framework in prejudice confrontations research has focused on the utility of confrontations to activate one's self‐regulation strategies to interrupt unintentional prejudice, discrimination, and stereotyping. As this framework remains dominant in the literature, little research has examined everyday people's theories about prejudice that diverge from this framework and accounted for these theories in investigating confrontation rates and outcomes. In this paper, we review key lay theories of prejudice and discuss the ways in which they may influence prejudice confrontations. First, we summarize lay theories regarding the prevalence, origins, and controllability of prejudice. Next, we consider how lay theories of prejudice may factor into the circumstances under which people confront prejudice, goals that people may hold when confronting, and outcomes of confronting for confronters and perpetrators. Throughout, we highlight fundamental research questions and hypotheses that integrate lay theories of prejudice and prejudice confrontations. We propose that better understanding lay theories of prejudice and how they influence prejudice confrontations may help to advance translational and theoretical research in social psychology.
Acceso a la información como factor de exclusión y estratificación en la atención social a migrantes y refugiados en contextos urbanos: el caso de migrantes venezolanos en Bogotá y Lima
Authors: Gonzalez Enriquez Isabel
Published: February 2022

El aparato burocrático diseñado para atender a los migrantes venezolanos en Lima y Bogotá constituye el organismo distribuidor de los derechos de este colectivo migrante y de los bienes y servicios gubernamentales asociados a ellos; y esta distribución, que en teoría basa sus mecanismos y criterios en el cambiante corpus legislativo se basa, en la práctica, en las clasificaciones de pertenencia y exclusión que construye ese mismo aparato burocrático en su ejercicio diario (Holston, 2008: 331). En el caso de los sistemas de atención a la población venezolana en Bogotá y Lima el acceso a la información se erige, en la praxis diaria, como una de las principales y primeras barreras de acceso y factores de exclusión en relación a los servicios y derechos de la población migrante y se constituye, así, como un potencial factor de estratificación. La investigación etnográfica llevada a cabo en las ciudades de Bogotá y Lima tanto con población migrante venezolana como con funcionarios encargados de la atención entre septiembre y diciembre de 2019 mostrará como el propio sistema burocrático de atención no solamente falla por omisión en su labor de informar a los destinatarios de sus políticas sociales sino que utiliza deliberadamente dicha desinformación como un mecanismo regulador del sistema mismo al tiempo que construye una imagen del migrante como la de un ser culturalmente deficitario como mecanismo de justificación y legitimación. Holston, James (2008), Insurgent Citizenship: Disjunctions of Democracy and Modernity in Brazil, Estados Unidos: Princeton University Press.
Interferometric processing of hydroacoustic signals for the purpose of source localization
Authors: Pereselkov Sergey A. , Kuz'kin Venedikt M.
Published: February 2022

An interferometric signal processing method for localizing a broadband moving sound source in an oceanic waveguide is proposed and studied theoretically and experimentally. The field of a moving sound source in waveguide creates a stable interference pattern of the intensity distribution (interferogram) I(ω,t) in the frequency-time domain. Sound intensity is accumulated along interference fringes over the observation time. The two-dimensional Fourier transform (2D-FT) is applied to analyze the interferogram I(ω,t). The result of the 2D-FT F(τ,ν) is called the Fourier-hologram (hologram). The mathematical theory of hologram structure F(τ,ν) is developed in the present paper. It is shown that the hologram F(τ,ν) allows the coherent accumulation of sound intensity of the interferogram in a relatively small area focal spots. The presence of these focal spots is the result of interference of acoustic modes with different wave numbers. The main result of this paper is a simple relationship between the focal spots coordinates on the hologram and the source range, velocity, and motion direction. The proposed interferometric signals processing method for source localization is validated using experimental observations and numerical modeling in the band 80–120 Hz. The estimations of source range, velocity, and motion direction are performed for different cases of source motion.
Tactile friction and rheological studies to objectify sensory properties of topical formulations
Authors: Cyriac Febin , Xin Yi Tee , Chow Pui Shan , Macbeath Calum
Published: February 2022

The aim of the work was to identify the physical parameters relevant to different perceptual attributes by comparing a range of commercial skin creams with various compositions. We investigated the possibility of predicting sensory properties using rheological and tribological methods. Rheological evaluations of the skin creams were carried out using continuous shear, creep, creep recovery, rheodestruction and recovery measurements, oscillatory strain sweep measurements [small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) and large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS)], and frequency sweep measurements. Friction measurements were performed on the nonbiological skin model to investigate how surface properties are influenced by the application of different topical formulations. Furthermore, the formulations were characterized by a broad range of instrumental texture measurements. In vivo sensory analysis based on the spectrum descriptive analysis method was performed to discriminate the skin creams during pickup, rub out, and after feel. Using principal component analysis meaningful correlation relating rheotribological properties and sensory attributes during the entire process of product application was carried out. Rheological parameters deduced from the nonlinear regime were found to be important parameters affecting the frictional response of skin creams. In addition, friction data were correlated with slipperiness and stickiness—subjective attributes used for the sensory evaluation of after feel. Furthermore, a number of key textural parameters and sensorial data showed good correlation with results obtained from linear and nonlinear rheological measurement, indicating rheological analysis can be sufficiently used as a precise and valid tool for sensorial mapping of topical formulations. Our study further suggests that objective evaluation based on the flow curve, oscillatory strain sweep (SAOS and LAOS), and friction measurements can be used for sensorial screening of large number of prototype formulations, which otherwise may be time consuming and costly using a sensory panel.
Multiscale engineered artificial tooth enamel
Authors: Zhao Hewei , Liu Shaojia , Wei Yan , Yue Yonghai , Gao Mingrui , Li Yangbei , Zeng Xiaolong , Deng Xuliang , Kotov Nicholas A. , Guo Lin , Jiang Lei
Published: February 2022

Tooth enamel, renowned for its high stiffness, hardness, and viscoelasticity, is an ideal model for designing biomimetic materials, but accurate replication of complex hierarchical organization of high-performance biomaterials in scalable abiological composites is challenging. We engineered an enamel analog with the essential hierarchical structure at multiple scales through assembly of amorphous intergranular phase (AIP)–coated hydroxyapatite nanowires intertwined with polyvinyl alcohol. The nanocomposite simultaneously exhibited high stiffness, hardness, strength, viscoelasticity, and toughness, exceeding the properties of enamel and previously manufactured bulk enamel-inspired materials. The presence of AIP, polymer confinement, and strong interfacial adhesion are all needed for high mechanical performance. This multiscale design is suitable for scalable production of high-performance materials.
Chasing after methane’s ultra-emitters
Authors: Vogel Felix
Published: February 2022

Leaks from oil and gas companies contribute substantially to global warming
From dualism to deism
Reality+: Virtual Worlds and the Problems of Philosophy
David J. Chalmers
Norton, 2022. 544 pp.
Authors: Zerilli John
Published: February 2022

A philosopher comes full circle
When viruses become more virulent
Authors: Wertheim Joel O.
Published: February 2022

Natural selection favors virulence when it is coupled with increased viral transmission
In Other Journals
Authors: Wible Brad , Hines Pamela J. , Stern Peter , Yiu Yuen , Hurtley Stella M. , Grocholski Brent , Lopez Bianca
Published: February 2022

Editors’ selections from the current scientific literature
Indonesia’s utopian new capital may not be as green as it looks
Authors: Normile Dennis
Published: February 2022

Moving the government to Borneo could speed deforestation
New Omicron begins to take over, despite late start
Authors: Wadman Meredith
Published: February 2022

BA.2 strain may extend latest surge, but its overall impact remains unclear
Draft Genome Sequence of an Aflatoxin-Producing Aspergillus flavus Strain Isolated from Food
Authors: Schamann Alexandra , Geisen Rolf , Schmidt-Heydt Markus
Published: February 2022

Aspergillus flavus
is the main producer of the carcinogenic aflatoxins and thus counts as the most important fungal food contaminant. Here, we report that the genome of
A. flavus
strain MRI19 was sequenced using MiSeq and PacBio platforms and that a hybrid assembly was generated.
Draft Genome Sequence of Methanobacterium paludis IBT-C12, Recovered from Sediments of the Apatlaco River, Mexico
Authors: Sánchez-Salazar Erick Alejandro , Hernández-Jaimes Lizbeth , Breton-Deval Luz , Sánchez-Reyes Ayixon
Published: February 2022

Methanobacterium paludis
is a hydrogenotrophic archaea first described in 2014 and isolated from a peatland area. So far, there is only one sequenced genome of this taxon. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
M. paludis
IBT-C12, a metagenome-assembled genome (MAG) from sediments in the Apatlaco River, Mexico.
Bacterial Community Structure of Panchagavya, a Fermented Liquid Bio-manure, as Revealed by High-Throughput Sequencing of 16S rRNA Gene Amplicons
Authors: Nagarajan Dineshkumar , Rajarathnam Mukhilan
Published: February 2022

Panchagavya is a fermented liquid bio-manure that is widely used in India. We aimed to determine its bacterial community structure by sequencing 16S rRNA gene amplicons. These sequences will enhance our understanding of the microbial diversity of panchagavya as well as its potential application in sectors other than agriculture.
Health economic evaluation: cost-effective strategies in humanitarian and disaster relief medicine
Authors: Stewart Thomas , Bird P
Published: February 2022

The health economic evaluation is a tool used in disaster relief medicine to generate a cost–benefit analysis. Like all areas of healthcare, disaster relief operations must use finite financial resources, much of which comes from charitable donations and foreign aid. Interventions can be assessed using cost-effectiveness tools and equity assessments. Through these tools, interventions that maximise benefit for a given cost are highlighted in the immediate rapid response phase where food, clean water and shelter are prioritised, often with military support. Beyond this, applications of technology and pre-response training are discussed as cost-effective investments made in anticipation of a disaster. In particular, novel technology-based approaches are being explored to deliver medical advice remotely through telemedicine and remote consulting. This strategy allows medical specialists to operate remotely without the logistical and financial challenges of forward basing at the disaster site. Interventions in disaster relief medicine are often expensive. A specific and regularly reviewed health economic assessment ensures that healthcare interventions yield a maximal impact while limiting waste and working within the budgetary constraints of a disaster medicine response. This is a paper commissioned as part of the humanitarian and disaster relief operations special issue of BMJ Military Health.
Indirect effects of the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic on the coverage of essential maternal and newborn health services in a rural subdistrict in Bangladesh: results from a cross-sectional household survey
Authors: Mhajabin Shema , Hossain Aniqa Tasnim , Nusrat Nowrin , Jabeen Sabrina , Ameen Shafiqul , Banik Goutom , Tahsina Tazeen , Ahmed Anisuddin , Sadeq-ur Rahman Qazi , Gurley Emily S , Bari Sanwarul , Chowdhury Atique Iqbal , Arifeen Shams El , Mehta Rajesh , Rahman Ahmed Ehsanur
Published: February 2022

Objective

This paper presents the effect of the early phase of COVID-19 on the coverage of essential maternal and newborn health (MNH) services in a rural subdistrict of Bangladesh.

Design

Cross-sectional household survey with random sampling.

Setting

Baliakandi subdistrict, Rajbari district, Bangladesh.

Participants

Data were collected from women who were on the third trimester of pregnancy during the early phase of the pandemic (111) and pre-pandemic periods (115) to measure antenatal care (ANC) service coverage. To measure birth, postnatal care (PNC) and essential newborn care (ENC), data were collected from women who had a history of delivery during the early phase of the pandemic (163) and pre-pandemic periods (166).

Exposure

Early phase of the pandemic included a strict national lockdown between April and June 2020, and pre-pandemic was defined as August–October 2019.

Outcome of interest

Changes in the coverage of selected MNH services (ANC, birth, PNC, ENC) during the early phase of COVID-19 pandemic compared with the pre-pandemic period, estimated by two-sample proportion tests.

Findings

Among women who were on the third trimester of pregnancy during the early phase of the pandemic period, 77% (95% CI: 70% to 85%) received at least one ANC from a medically trained provider (MTP) during the third trimester, compared with 83% (95% CI: 76% to 90%) during the pre-pandemic period (p=0.33). Among women who gave birth during the early phase of the pandemic period, 72% (95% CI: 66% to 79%) were attended by an MTP, compared with 63% (95% CI: 56% to 71%) during the pre-pandemic period (p=0.08). Early initiation of breast feeding was practised among 38% (95% CI: 31% to 46%) of the babies born during the early phase of the pandemic period. It was 37% (95% CI: 29% to 44%) during the pre-pandemic period (p=0.81). The coverage of ANC, birth, PNC and ENC did not differ by months of pandemic and pre-pandemic periods; only the coverage of at least one ANC from an MTP significantly differed among the women who were 7 months pregnant during the early phase of the pandemic (35%, 95% CI: 26% to 44%) and pre-pandemic (49%, 95% CI: 39% to 58%) (p=0.04).

Conclusion

The effect of the early phase of the pandemic including lockdown on the selected MNH service coverage was null in the study area. The nature of the lockdown, the availability and accessibility of private sector health services in that area, and the combating strategies at the rural level made it possible for the women to avail the required MNH services.
Introducing NICE guidelines for intravenous fluid therapy into a district general hospital
Authors: McDougall Marcia , Guthrie Bruce , Doyle Arthur , Timmins Alan , Bateson Meghan , Ridley Emily , Drummond Gordon , Vadiveloo Thenmalar
Published: February 2022

Background

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines on intravenous fluid prescribing for adults in hospital, issued in 2013, advised less use of 0.9% sodium chloride than current practice, provided a logical system for prescribing and suggested further study of electrolyte abnormalities.

Aims

To describe the steps taken to establish and monitor guideline introduction and to assess effects on clinical biochemistry results, in a general hospital setting.

Methods

We used established principles of change to modify education, teaching, record keeping and audit throughout the hospital, changed the availability of intravenous fluid preparations in the wards and monitored the use of intravenous fluids. We anonymously linked local clinical chemistry records to nationally available patient records (NHS Scotland SMR01). We chose specified medical emergencies, and major emergency and elective general and orthopaedic surgery, where management would require intravenous fluids, for a two-phase cross-sectional study between 2007 and 2017, spanning the change in prescribing. Primary outcomes were abnormal bicarbonate, sodium, potassium and incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI), and secondary outcomes were mortality and length of stay.

Results

Over the study period, sodium chloride 0.9% use decreased by 75%, and overall intravenous fluid use decreased from 0.65 to 0.40 L/occupied bed day. The incidence of acidosis decreased from 7.4% to 4.8% of all admissions (difference −2.7%, 95% CI −2.1 to −3.0). No important changes in other electrolytes were noted; in particular, plasma sodium values showed no adverse effects. Stage 1 AKI increased from 6.7% to 9.0% (difference 2.3%, 95% CI 1.6 to 3.0), but other causes for this cannot be excluded. Mortality and length of stay showed no adverse effects.

Conclusions and implications

Effective implementation of the guidelines required substantial time, effort and resource. NICE suggestions of fluid types for maintenance appear appropriate, but prescribed volumes continue to require careful clinical judgement.
Development of Nightingale Frontline: a leadership support service for nurses and midwives during the COVID-19 crisis
Authors: Bond Carmel , Stacey Gemma , Matheson Joanne , Westwood Greta
Published: February 2022

Background

As COVID-19 hit the UK, it was apparent that frontline healthcare workers would be faced with challenges they had never encountered before. The longer-term leadership support needs of nurses and midwives were considered central to how they would psychologically emerge from the COVID-19 response. In response, a national leadership support service for nurse and midwife leadersat all levels, was rapidly established.

Methods

A collaborative approach was used, drawing from an established community of healthcare leadership development consultants and senior healthcare leaders. Practical plans for how the service would run were formulated via online meetings, held between February and March 2020. An internal questionnaire was distributed to attendees, requesting demographic data and feedback to capture the perceived impact of the service on leadership.

Results

Overall, confidence in leadership ability/skills increased after attending the service; 68.8% of those who completed post-attendance questionnaires reported having learnt new leadership skills and a motivation to facilitate co-consulting sessions for their teams. The service was positively appraised and there were reports of a degree of influence on leadership, and improved confidence after attending.

Conclusion

Leadership and well-being support provided by an independent and external organisation can offer a unique and safe forum for reflection and for healthcare leaders to decompress. This requires a sustainable investment to mitigate the predicted impact of the pandemic.
Patient engagement in the SPOR Evidence Alliance: Reflection and learnings
Authors: Li Linda C. , Hoens Alison M. , Wilhelm Linda , Bubber Vikram , PausJenssen Elliot , McKinnon Annette , Leese Jenny , Otamendi Thalia , Hamilton Clayon B. , Zarin Wasifa , Tricco Andrea C. ,   for the SPOR Evidence Alliance
Published: February 2022

The Evidence Alliance (EA) is a Canada-wide multi-stakeholder organization providing national-level support in knowledge synthesis, clinical practice guidelines development, and knowledge translation. With a mandate to deliver the best available evidence to inform health policy and improve patient care, the EA involves patients and their caregivers in its governance, research priority setting and conduct, and capacity building. To reflect on the experiences of patient involvement in its first three years, the organization conducted a self-study with 17 actively involved patient partners. They answered the Patient Engagement in Research Scale 22-item short form (PEIRS-22) and open-ended questions. Of the 15 respondents, 12 were women with a mean age of 62.6 years (SD 10.1). The mean PEIRS-22 score was 82.1 (SD 15.9), indicating perceived meaningful engagement. Analysis of the free-text answers identified three themes: ( i) communication: successes, changes, and improvements; ( ii) a respectful and welcoming environment; and ( iii) opportunities to learn and contribute. Patient partners noted the EA made genuine efforts to welcome them and value their contributions. They also identified a need for the organization to increase patient partner diversity. This self-study was perceived as rewarding as it provided a foundation for further growth in patient involvement within the organization.
Oceanward rift migration during formation of Santos–Benguela ultra-wide rifted margins
Authors: Araujo Mario Neto , Pérez-Gussinyé Marta , Muldashev Iskander
Published: February 2022

This paper presents the time and space evolution of crustal deformation and their respective sedimentary infill of the 600 km wide, asymmetric conjugate rifted margin of the Santos–Benguela basins. Based on a geoseismic transect obtained with interpretation of long-offset seismic reflection and tied by wells, we interpret six main synrift unconformities, corresponding to different deformation phases processed from the Valanganian to Early Albian. Confined by these unconformities, sedimentary growths with progressively young relative ages towards the boundary with the oceanic crust are interpreted as evidence of oceanward rift migration. The combination of this information with crustal structure derived from long-offset seismic reflection illuminating the deep crust of the Santos–Benguela conjugate margins, resulted in a complete view of sedimentary infill, internal compartments, and crustal structure. These data were used to guide a dynamic model of rifting resulting in a simulated lithospheric section.

We show that the margin architecture can be explained by the combination of an early, protracted phase of distributed deformation, followed by basinward rift migration. Distributed deformation lasted from the Valanginian to Early Aptian (135–117 Ma), initiating with isolated lakes that later coalesced into a wide basin-scale lake (>450 km). From the Mid Aptian to Early Albian (117–110 Ma), rift migration formed the main structural compartments and unconformities, as well as the distal hinge zones we observe today in the seismic lines. During this time, the inner proximal margins were left behind to thermally subside, whereas outer proximal and distal margins were tectonically active. Coexistence of these two processes explains the enigmatic simultaneous formation of proximal sag-like geometries, with late synrift accumulation of a salt layer up to 3 km thick, with tectonically active faults in the distal margin, promoting crestal block uplift that could explain the deposition of Late Aptian, shallow water, pre-salt carbonate rocks.
Unsupervised Parallel Sentences of Machine Translation for Asian Language Pairs
Authors: Zhu Shaolin , Mi Chenggang , Li Tianqi , Yang Yong , Xu Chun
Published: February 2022

Parallel sentence pairs play a very important role in many natural language processing tasks, especially cross-lingual tasks such as machine translation. So far, many Asian language pairs lack bilingual parallel sentences. As collecting bilingual parallel data is very time-consuming and difficult, it is very important for many low-resource Asian language pairs. While existing methods have shown encouraging results, they rely on bilingual data seriously or have some drawbacks in an unsupervised situation. To address these issues, we propose a new unsupervised similarity calculation and dynamic selection metric to obtain parallel sentence pairs in an unsupervised situation. First, our method maps bilingual word embedding by postdoc adversarial training, which rotates the source space to match the target without parallel data. Then, we introduce a new cross-domain similarity adaption to obtain parallel sentence pairs. Experimental results on real-world datasets show that our model can obtain better accuracy and recall on mining parallel sentence pairs. We also show that the extracted bilingual sentence corpora can significantly improve the performance of neural machine translation.
Hierarchical Satellite System Graph for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search on Big Data
Authors: Zhang Jiaru , Ma Ruhui , Song Tao , Hua Yang , Xue Zhengui , Guan Chenyang , Guan Haibing
Published: February 2022

Approximate nearest neighbor search is a classical problem in data science, which is widely applied in many fields. With the rapid growth of data in the real world, it becomes more and more important to speed up the nearest neighbor search process. Satellite System Graph (SSG) is one of the state-of-the-art methods to solve the problem. However, with the further increase of the data scale of problems, SSG still needs a considerable amount of time to finish the search due to the limitation of step length and start point locations. To solve the problem, we propose Hierarchical Satellite System Graph (HSSG) and present its index algorithm and search algorithm. The index process can be distributed deployed due to the good parallelism of our designed hierarchical structure. The theoretical analysis reveals that HSSG decreases the search steps and reduces the computational cost and reduces the search time by searching on the hierarchical structure with a similar indexing time compared with SSG, hence reaches a better search efficiency. The experiments on multiple datasets present that HSSG reduces the distance computations, accelerates the search process, and increases the search precision in the real tasks, especially under the tasks with large scale and crowded distributions, which presents a good application prospect of HSSG.
Deployment Archetypes for Cloud Applications
Authors: Berenberg Anna , Calder Brad
Published: February 2022

This is a survey article that explores six Cloud-based deployment archetypes for Cloud applications and the tradeoffs between them to achieve high availability, low end-user latency, and acceptable costs. These are (1) Zonal, (2) Regional, (3) Multi-regional, (4) Global, (5) Hybrid, and (6) Multi-cloud deployment archetypes. The goal is to classify cloud applications into a set of deployment archetypes and deployment models that tradeoff their needs around availability, latency, and geographical constraints with a focus on serving applications. This enables application owners to better examine the tradeoffs of each deployment model and what is needed for achieving the availability and latency goals for their application.
Find Supports for the Post about Mental Issues: More Than Semantic Matching
Authors: Zhao Yun , Liu Dexi , Wan Changxuan , Liu Xiping , Qiu Xiangqing , Nie Jianyun
Published: February 2022

Mental-health-oriented question-answering (MH-QA)
aims at retrieving an appropriate response for a question post involving mental health issues, which will be used to assist counsellors to reply to the support seeker. This task is different from the general QA task because many additional criteria such as emotions are involved. In this paper, we propose the
Multi-Feature Graph Convolutional Network
model
(MF-GCN)
to integrate not only semantic features, but also mental health related features and context features, to match question posts and responses. Different types of feature are exploited through multiple graph convolutional networks. A new dataset is constructed for MH-QA to evaluate our model. Experimental results show that our model with mental health features significantly outperforms a wide range of state-of-the-art models without them.
Breaking the Curse of Class Imbalance: Bangla Text Classification
Authors: Rafi-Ur-Rashid Md. , Mahbub Mahim , Adnan Muhammad Abdullah
Published: February 2022

This article addresses the class imbalance issue in a low-resource language called Bengali. As a use-case, we choose one of the most fundamental NLP tasks, i.e., text classification, where we utilize three benchmark text corpora: fake-news dataset, sentiment analysis dataset, and song lyrics dataset. Each of them contains a critical class imbalance. We attempt to tackle the problem by applying several strategies that include data augmentation with synthetic samples via text and embedding generation in order to augment the proportion of the minority samples. Moreover, we apply ensembling of deep learning models by subsetting the majority samples. Additionally, we enforce the focal loss function for class-imbalanced data classification. We also apply the outlier detection technique, data resampling, and hidden feature extraction to improve the minority-f1 score. All of our experimentations are entirely focused on textual content analysis, which results in a more than90%minority f1 score for each of the three tasks. It is an excellent outcome on such highly class-imbalanced datasets.
Communication—A Fast and Accurate Numerical Technique for Impedance Spectroscopy of Microstructures
Authors: Swaminathan Narasimhan , Natarajan Sundararajan , Ooi Ean Tat
Published: February 2022

The polygonal finite element method (PFEM) is proposed as a fast and accurate technique to simulate the impedance spectroscopy (IS) of polycrystalline materials. While conventional finite element method (FEM) requires explicit meshing of the grains and grain boundaries, in PFEM each region can be treated as an element. We demonstrate that the number of degrees of freedom in PFEM can be lower by a factor of 30 when compared to FEM, thus speeding up simulations by a factor of 3.5. A simple example demonstrates the use of PFEM to generate IS on samples with various grain boundary widths.
A team-based learning model using clinical vignettes in an advanced undergraduate pre-health professional physiology course facilitated by medical students
Authors: Cunningham Christopher J. , Giusto Joseph , Reiss Rachel , Garba Deen L. , Lucke Austin , Eltilib Mohamed , Hastie Eric
Published: February 2022

There is evidence that demonstrates that teaching preclinical and clinical material can have numerous benefits for both students and teachers, with the majority of literature focusing on peer medical student teaching. There is a dearth of literature exploring the benefit of medical students teaching undergraduate, pre-health professional students and using clinical cases in this setting. We explore our implementation of a team-based learning curriculum built around clinical cases to teach advanced physiology and introduce pathology, pharmacology, and interprofessional collaboration for pre-health students. This course was entirely taught by medical students. Course evaluations and future implications are discussed.
Labor Market Resource Allocation Optimization Based on Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Liu Xiaojing
Published: February 2022

As an endogenous mechanism affecting social and economic changes, the allocation of labor affects the overall efficiency and comprehensive level of economic development in a region. Firstly, this paper collects and analyzes the data from 2011 to 2020, then screens out useful data, and predicts the relevant data of the three major industries in 2021 by the grey prediction method and curve fitting method. Secondly, the principal component analysis is used to calculate the weights of indicators such as market share, industrial growth rate, employment contribution rate, and the pulling ability to GDP, and then the strength of each industry is calculated. Finally, the strong industries are determined according to the principle of increasing the intensity of strong industries, so as to provide suggestions for the optimization of the allocation of labor market resources in the three major industries.
Neuroprotective Effect of HIIT against GFAP Hypertrophy through Mitochondrial Dynamics in APP/PS1 Mice
Authors: Liu Qianqian , Fu Xiaonan , Han Rui , Liu Xuefeng , Zhao Xiantao , Wei Jianshe
Published: February 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Although the exact details of the neuronal protective effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on AD remain unclear, the preclinical phase of AD appears to be the important time point for such intervention. The described experiment investigates the neuroprotective effect of HIIT on AD in APP/PS1 mice. In total, 14 C57BL6 healthy control (C) mice and 14 APP/PS1 AD mice were each randomly assigned into two groups, one that did not participate in HIIT (C and AD groups, respectively) and the other subject to HIIT intervention (control HIIT (CE) and AD HIIT (ADE) groups, respectively). Visualization of hippocampal neuronal cells via HE and Congo red staining showed significant improvement in cell status and a significant reduction in amyloidosis in ADE compared with AD. The results of behavioral analysis show that the HIIT intervention significantly improved cognitive decline and reduced spatial exploration in both the C and AD groups. Immunofluorescence showed that the overall brain and the hippocampus of aged rats in the C and AD groups had different degrees of neuroglial responses and astrocyte GFAP proliferation and hypertrophy, with obvious improvement in the CE and ADE groups after 10 weeks of HIIT intervention. These results show that HIIT significantly improves the status of mitochondrial kinetic proteins and related proteins, with the mechanism differing between the normal aging C and the AD groups. 10 weeks of HIIT improved the imbalance in mitochondrial dynamics present in normal control mice and in AD mice. We conclude that preclinical training intervention has a significant positive effect on the exploratory behavior and cognitive functioning of mice.
Anomaly Detection and Localization for Process Security Based on the Multivariate Statistical Method
Authors: Hamrouni Imen , Lahdhiri Hajer , Ben Abdellafou Khaoula , Aljuhani Ahamed , Taouali Okba , Bouzrara Kais
Published: February 2022

Anomaly detection is very important for system monitoring and security since successful execution of these engineering tasks depends on access to validated data. The localization of the variable causing the fault is very essential. Indeed, the localization of the fault is defined as the ability to determine the source of the fault on a system. Generally, the identification of faults is linked to the detection procedure implemented. Therefore, it is very important to choose the adequate fault detection model to locate fault. For nonlinear uncertain systems, the most performed fault detection method is reduced rank interval kernel principal component analysis (RRIKPCA), which enhances the computational skill by downgrading the kernel matrix dimension. We have proposed in this article a new fault localization technique for uncertain systems, named partial RRIKPCA, which combines the benefits of the RRIKPCA technique and the principle of partial localization. The principal of this method involves selecting partially reduced rank data subsets and then building more accurate models with fewer PCs and isolating faults with higher precision. The proposed fault isolation method is applied for monitoring air quality monitoring network (AIRLOR) data.
Traditional Chinese Medicine Shen-Yuan-Dan (SYD) Improves Hypoxia-Induced Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis in Neonatal Rats by Upregulating miR-24/Bim Pathway
Authors: Chu Fuyong , Yan Xue , Xiong Xingjiang , Zhou Mingxue , Tan Yupei , Li Yixuan , Liu Wei , Liu Hongxu
Published: February 2022

Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the leading cause of malignant arrhythmia, heart failure, and sudden death. However, safe and effective drugs for the treatment of AMI are unavailable to date. The present study aimed to investigate the role of traditional Chinese medicine shen-yuan-dan (SYD) in hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis in neonatal rats. In addition, the study explored the possible mechanism through which SYD could reduce myocardial ischemia apoptosis and regulate the expression of the miR-24/Bim pathway. Methods: Hypoxia-induced neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were used for the experiments. These cardiomyocytes were transfected with an miR-24 mimic and an miR-24 inhibitor and then cocultured with SYD-containing serum. MTT and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays, AnnexinV/PI double staining, flow cytometry, and TUNEL staining were used to determine the cell viability and apoptosis under hypoxic conditions. Furthermore, the expression level of Bim in the hypoxia-induced cardiomyocytes was determined through western blotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: After 48 h of hypoxia, LDH and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activities increased, cell viability decreased, and miR-24 expression upregulated in the cardiomyocytes. SYD alleviated hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte injury, decreased LDH and CPK activities, increased cell viability, and reduced apoptosis in the neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Moreover, SYD could upregulate miR-24 expression and downregulate Bim expression. Upregulation of miR-24 expression significantly enhanced the effect of SYD, thereby improving myocardial cell apoptosis. Dual-luciferase reporter assay and western blot analysis confirmed that Bim was a direct target of miR-24. Conclusion: SYD treatment reduces hypoxia-induced myocardial apoptosis by upregulating miR-24 expression. This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanism underlying the therapeutic potential of SYD in promoting the recovery of myocardial function and delaying the incidence of heart failure.
Seismic Performance of Modular Structures with Novel Steel Frame: Light Gauge Slotted Steel Stud Walls
Authors: Gong Chao , Sun Dawei , Chen Qixian , Zhu Yong , Shang Mingxu , Liu Faqi
Published: February 2022

Modular structures are premanufactured off-site and assembled on-site, leading to reduced on-site works and construction periods and improved quality compared to conventional prefabricated steel structures and reinforced concrete structures. Meanwhile, steel frame-light gauge slotted steel stud (LGSS) walls have been considered to be assembled into the modules due to their excellent thermal- and sound-insulation properties. These structural components will also contribute to the resistance of the modular system when subjected to lateral loads/actions, especially seismic actions. A finite element model was developed to investigate the seismic performance of high-rise modular steel structures with LGSS shear walls. Then, parametric studies were conducted to investigate the influences of the layouts of the LGSS shear walls and structure heights on the lateral stiffness, the deformation modes, and the stress states of the modular steel structures. Observed from the results of a ten-storey modular steel structure infilled with LGSS shear walls, the maximum storey drift reduced by 50.1–79.50% compared to the corresponding pure steel frame structure under the selected high-intensity seismic waves. The results indicate that the studied modular steel structure with LGSS shear walls possesses good seismic resistance and could be a practical and economical choice for future modular constructions.
The Slash Power Normal Distribution with Application to Pollution Data
Authors: Chen Mingming , Ma Jianghong , Leung Yee
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we introduce a new slash distribution via the power normal distribution and uniform distribution. This new distribution, called the slash power normal distribution, models more appropriately the skewness and kurtosis of data than the power normal distribution. Moreover, the probability density function and the cumulative distribution function of the slash power normal distribution are derived and the density function curves with different parameters are given. We also study the basic properties of the moments, derive the maximum likelihood estimation of the parameters, and substantiate our arguments with numerical simulations. Finally, we model hourly measurements of sulphur dioxide concentrations of a station in Hong Kong by the slash power normal distribution, power normal distribution, and skew normal distribution and use the K-S test to evaluate the model fittings. The result demonstrates that the slash power normal distribution gives a better fit to the data.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Acute Hemorrhagic Edema of Infancy
Authors: Jari Mohsen
Published: February 2022

Background. Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy (AHEI) is a small-vessel leukocytoclastic vasculitis, presented with low-grade fever and edema in the face and upper and lower limbs, as well as purpuric/ecchymotic lesions in these regions. AHEI was also reported after viral infections, including herpes simplex virus, rotavirus, and adenovirus. Case Presentation. Herein, we reported a case of a 20-month-old boy presented with low-grade fever. Additionally, mild cough and progressive purpuric/ecchymotic lesions were observed in some independent regions and extremity swelling. Laboratory testing showed leukopenia, lymphopenia, and the elevation of both C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Thereafter, the result of the reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test on the obtained specimen samples, including nasopharyngeal swab for COVID-19, was positive. The patient was treated with supportive care, and two weeks later, the serology test for COVID-19 resulted positive. Conclusion. We should think about children infected with COVID-19, particularly those with skin manifestations.
On the Extensions of Zassenhaus Lemma and Goursat’s Lemma to Algebraic Structures
Authors: Meng Fanning , Guo Junhui
Published: February 2022

The Jordan–Hölder theorem is proved by using Zassenhaus lemma which is a generalization of the Second Isomorphism Theorem for groups. Goursat’s lemma is a generalization of Zassenhaus lemma, it is an algebraic theorem for characterizing subgroups of the direct product of two groups G1 × G2, and it involves isomorphisms between quotient groups of subgroups of G1 and G2. In this paper, we first extend Goursat’s lemma to R‐algebras, i.e., give the version of Goursat’s lemma for algebras, and then generalize Zassenhaus lemma to rings, R‐modules, and R‐algebras by using the corresponding Goursat’s lemma, i.e., give the versions of Zassenhaus lemma for rings, R‐modules, and R‐algebras, respectively.
Elements and Overall Optimization of University Self-Organizing Physical Education Teaching System Based on Holistic Theory
Authors: Li Min , Zhong Jianwei
Published: February 2022

The fact that self-organized physical education teaching systems in universities should have diversity and imbalance has been weakened, and we need to focus on the self-thinking, self-learning, and uncertain factors in the teaching process. The components of the entire teaching system are known as teaching elements. We cannot understand the integrity of teaching elements without understanding system theory. The teaching in physical education classes is the same way. This paper analyzes the elements and overall optimization of university self-organizing physical education teaching system using the methods of literature review and logical argumentation, starting from the perspective of holism and combining with the characteristics of physical education. The effectiveness and superiority of this model are tested by comparing sports performance data with ACOA (Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm) to optimize the sports video of SVM (Support Vector Machine). The findings show that the model can improve sports performance prediction accuracy, and the prediction results are more reliable, providing useful information for sports training.