bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Demystifying the Random Feature-Based Online Multi-Kernel Learning
Authors: Hong Songnam , Chae Jeongmin
Published: May 2021

The random feature-based online multi-kernel learning (RF-OMKL) is a promising framework in functional learning tasks. This framework is necessary for an online learning with continuous streaming data due to its low-complexity and scalability.

In RF-OMKL framework, numerous algorithms can be presented according to an underlying online learning and optimization techniques. The best known algorithm (termed Raker) has been proposed with the lens of the famous online learning with expert advice, where each kernel from a kernel dictionary is viewed as an expert. Harnessing this relation, it was proved that Raker yields a sublinear {\em expert} regret bound, in which as the name implies, the best function is further restricted as the expert-based framework. Namely, it is not an actual sublinear regret bound under RF-OMKL framework. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm (named BestOMKL) for RF-OMKL framework and prove that it achieves a sublinear regret bound under a certain condition. Beyond our theoretical contribution, we demonstrate the superiority of our algorithm via numerical tests with real datasets. Notably, BestOMKL outperforms the state-of-the-art kernel-based algorithms (including Raker) on various online learning tasks, while having a lower complexity as Raker. These suggest the practicality of BestOMKL.
What is it to be the people of God in the Ancient Near East? A recension of SandyJo Rogers’ PhD thesis „A Fresh Start Comes from God: Theological, Historical, and Sociological Background of the Clean-Slate Acts of Leviticus 25 and Deuteronomy 15“
Authors: Bonnaire Anne-Coralie
Published: May 2021

Review  of SandyJo Rogers’ PhD thesis „A Fresh Start Comes from God: Theological, Historical, and Sociological Background of the Clean-Slate Acts of Leviticus 25 and Deuteronomy 15“
Der Mythos der possessiven Konstruktion: Eine sprachübergreifende Perspektive
Authors: Ye Jingting
Published: May 2021

Bei den Sprachen des südostasiatischen Festlandes sind die Possesivkonstruktionen bislang nicht vergleichend untersucht worden. Insbesondere, ob die Domäne des \textsc{besitz}es mit der Domäne des \textsc{raum}es verwandt ist, ist für die Sprachen des südostasiatischen Festlandes nicht basierend auf breiter Datenbasis untersucht worden.Diese Forschungslücke wird in diesem Beitrag durch eine neue sprachübergreifende Studie der adnominalen possessiven Konstruktionen entwickelt. Es werden sowohl die formalen als auch die semantischen Aspekte der adnominalen possessiven Konstruktionen in Asiatischen Sprachen untersucht. Eine statistische Analyse mit Multidimensionalen Skalierung (MDS) Modell wird durchgeführt, um das sprachübergreifende Muster zu identifizieren. Mit einer Stichprobe von 90 Sprachen des südostasiatischen Festland wird eine MDS semantische Karte für die adnominale possessive Konstruktionen dargestellt. Die semantische Karte repräsentiert den konzeptuelle Raum der adnominalen possessiven Konstruktionen. Es wird auch mit sprachübergreifendem Beweis geprüft, ob die Domäne des \textsc{besitz}es mit der Domäne des \textsc{raum}es verwandt ist.
Disrupting Neoliberal and Neocolonial Ideologies in U.S. Study Abroad: From Discourse to Intervention
Authors: Moreno Rhia
Published: May 2021

This review highlights the neoliberal and neocolonial ideologies embedded within discourses surrounding U.S. study abroad, specifically with regard to global citizenship. Drawing on existing literature and recent rhetoric promoting study abroad, it contextualizes contemporary U.S. study abroad from a critical perspective. Synthesizing the voices of critical scholars builds toward the need for intervention that intentionally incorporates critical pedagogies including decolonizing pedagogies and a focus on guided critical reflection and equitable interaction. This article includes a review of research focused on such critical frameworks in study abroad as a potential guide for study abroad educators and administrators to begin to reframe U.S. study abroad.
Methylphenidate-induced psychosis in a young antipsychotic-naïve female patient
Authors: Walichniewicz Patryk , Lew-Starowicz Michał
Published: May 2021

Methylphenidate (MPD) is commonly prescribed for patients with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Although used off-label, MPD forms part of complex and multifactorial treatment regimen for narcolepsy and hypersomnia, together with including behavioural interventions. The drug is sometimes also prescribed off-label to subjects with other mental illness or somatic condition to improve intellectual outcome, ease fatigue or enhance the ability to concentrate. Common side effects include headache, insomnia, decreased appetite and hypertension. Concurrently, clinicians should be aware of relatively rare but potentially threatening adverse effects including agitation and psychotic symptoms. Several case reports regarding MPD-induced psychosis have been published, but most of them regard children or teenagers (1) and much less is known about drug-induced psychosis in adults (2). In this article, we present a case report of MPD-induced psychosis in a 31-year-old, antipsychotic-naïve patient. Careful evaluation including clinical examination, medical and family history and possible early signs of psychosis is recommended each time before MPD treatment will be initiated.
Promoção da Saúde para a População em Situação de Rua
Authors: Graciano Guilherme Fonseca , De la Cerda Carolina Moraes Preihsner , Dinis Luiza Ali , Souza Thaís Rodrigues de , Tonaco Luís Antônio Batista , Gontijo Thiago Gomes , Castro Patrícia Félix Santos , Freitas Giselle Lima de
Published: May 2021

Este estudo objetiva relatar as atividades educativas realizadas em um Centro de Referência para a População em Situação de Rua. Trata-se de relato de experiência das atividades de um projeto de extensão conduzidas ao longo do ano de 2019. Para o início das atividades educativas, foi solicitada a anuência ao serviço, e direcionado o convite de participação para os profissionais do Centro de Saúde de abrangência da região. Foram realizadas 16 ações educativas, com abordagem lúdica e interativa, sobre temas relacionados ao âmbito da saúde. O número total de participantes foi de 255, com predominância do sexo masculino. O projeto permitiu o estreitamento de vínculo entre os usuários do serviço e os profissionais do Centro de Saúde, o trabalho interprofissional da equipe de Saúde, além de contribuir com a formação dos alunos envolvidos, que experimentaram a prática e o trabalho interprofissional.
Palavras-chave: Extensão Universitária; Atenção Primária; Educação em Saúde
Health Promotion for the Homeless Population
Abstract: This study aims to report the educational activities carried out in a Reference Center for the Homeless Population. This article is an experience report of the activities of an extension project conducted throughout the year 2019. For the beginning of the educational activities, consent was requested to the reference service. An invitation to participate was sent to the professionals from the Health Center, which covers the region. Seventeen educational activities were carried out, with a playful and interactive approach, on topics related to health. The total number of participants was 255, predominantly males. The project allowed a closer bond between the service users and the health center professionals, the interprofessional work of the Health Center team, and contributed to the education of the students involved, who experienced the practice and the interprofessional work.
Keywords: University Extension; Primary Health Care; Health Education
The role of international cooperation in increasing human resources in the field of tourism in the Republic of Azerbaijan
Authors:   Bakı Dövlət Universiteti magistrant, Seyfulla qızı Rəhimova Mələkxanım
Published: May 2021

The effective establishment of interstate international cooperation is important both for development and for ensuring rights in the field of tourism. The adoption of interstate agreements is not the only condition. At the same time, it is important to apply them in practice and establish comprehensive relations with both states and international organizations to achieve this goal. The article discusses the various forms of this cooperation and ways to build it more efficiently. Key words: international organization, strategic cooperation, the right to education, state control, memorandum, agreement
THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION ON OIL GAS SECTOR: THE CASE OF AZERBAIJAN
Authors:   Business Management from Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology master, Khanjigazli Mahmud
Published: May 2021

Currently, the digitalization of an oil and gas company should be understood as applying new high technologies within the framework of existing business processes without changing their principles and structure. According to the author, the concept of "digital transformation" is somewhat different from digitalization. Digital transformation in an oil and gas company is a constant process of improving and transforming an oil and gas company's business model based on digital asset management. Digital assets in an oil and gas company, according to the author, are digital twins of physical assets (factories, wells, fields), which are cyber-physical systems for the most efficient management of the existing infrastructure. In digital transformation, many oil and gas executives see the potential for long-term success. Nowadays, cost competitiveness is becoming more and more critical. Key words: digital transformation, oil and gas sector, Azerbaijan, technology
Study of the opportunity of using technical water supply systems at Thermal Power Plants in accordance with the climatic conditions of Azerbaijan
Authors:   Azərbaycan Dövlət Neft və Sənaye Universiteti magistrant, Qaroğlan qızı Quliyeva Nərmin
Published: May 2021

Given that the required amount of technical water supply causes environmental problems and is one of the problems of global warming, as well as reducing the amount of water in rivers and water basins, we can achieve a more environmentally efficient cooling system by switching from traditional to closed indoor cooling systems of the thermal power plants. Thus we can use water more efficiently in accordance with climatic conditions. Key words: thermal power plants, closed systems, cooling systems, evaporation, technical water supply, cycle
Preliminary Proceedings of the International Criminal Court functions and powers
Authors:   Bakı Dövlət Universiteti magistr, Fərhad oğlu Qəyayev Nihad
Published: May 2021

The Preliminary Division is a court unit that has important functions and powers within the structural links of the International Criminal Court and provides a link between criminal investigation, prosecution and trial procedures. In fact, this Department filters out whether the criminal act that took place during the period before the criminal case reached the Judicial Department falls within the jurisdiction of the Court, and such important nuances, and transfers the so-called "finished product" to the Judicial Department. The BCM stage of the proceedings has a very important role to play in the termination of the proceedings and in the issuance of the relevant decision (sentence). This stage involves an inseparable process, with the Prosecutor referring the case to the Preliminary Chamber, referring it to the Court of Appeals, and finally appealing to the Chamber of Appeals against the decisions and proceedings of those chambers. Key words: International Criminal Court, Rome Statute, international crime, state sovereignty, criminal law jurisdiction, principles of criminal procedure, international criminal law
Tax planning and its impact on the financial situation of economic entities
Authors:   Azərbaycan Dövlət İqtisad Universiteti magistrant, Mahir qızı Məmmədbağırova Səadət
Published: May 2021

Taxes, which play the most important role in the financing of public services, create an additional burden for taxpayers trying to maximize their benefits. In an environment of globalization and increasing competition, enterprises in particular may be able to implement some strategies to minimize the tax burden. Some businesses use illegal methods, while others try to reduce the tax burden by applying a tax plan. In this regard, it is very important to study the topic at a modern level. Key words: tax planning, economic entity, financial procedures, enterprise strategies, modern methods
THE ENVIRONMENT OF ELECTRONIC COMMERCE LEGAL AND TAX ISSUES
Authors:   Baku State University  master, Firdovsi Huseynov Seymur
Published: May 2021

The growth of e-commerce in world trade has been so rapid that the legal systems of states and societies have been unprepared for the challenges that have arisen. These problems were not only related to the protection of consumer rights in the electronic environment, but also other legal, ethical and taxing issues. This article analyzes the legal and taxing problems posed by e-commerce, the conditions under which they arise, and the legislative techniques provided for in EU legislation in relation to the solution of these problems. Key words: e-commerce, taxation problems, legal problems, European value added tax
STUDY OF DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCH OF MANAGEMENT SOLUTIONS FOR INVESTING IN HUMAN CAPITAL
Authors:   Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Management and Business Informatics, Vladimir branch of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Vladimir, Russia, GORBATENKO E. N. , NIKIFOROVA S. V. ,   Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Management and Business Informatics, Vladimir branch of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Vladimir, Russia, POLIKANOVA O. A. ,   Student under the Program „Financial Management and Capital Market“ of the Vladimir Branch of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Vladimir, Russia
Published: May 2021

The article highlights the theoretical approaches to making managerial decisions on investing in human capital. The types and types of investments in human capital are considered, an overview of scientific opinions on the issue of investing in human capital in various fields of activity is given.
AUTOMATED SYSTEM OF TAX AUTHORITIES AS AN EXAMPLE OF A SYSTEM FOR ORGANIZING CONTROL ACTIVITIES BASED ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES OF GOVERNMENT AUTHORITIES
Authors:   Postgraduate student, Direction “Accounting, statistics”, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, BUBNOVA M. E.
Published: May 2021

The modern development of automated information systems has given a huge impetus to the organization of control and management activities of the authorities of the Russian Federation. The most stable today is the IT system of the Federal Tax Service of Russia. There is an opportunity to analyze the work of the automated system of the authorities. This will allow us to further implement the strategy for the development of the digital society in Russia, reduce the risks and costs of systems that allow the authorities to carry out their duties.
TAXATION OF LICENSE FEES IN CROSS-BORDER TRADE IN INTANGIBLE ASSETS IN THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY
Authors:   Post-graduate Student, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Financial Director of Rock Flow Dynamics LLC, Moscow, Russia, KOLOTOVKIN I. V. , POLEZHAROVA L. V. ,   Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the consideration of some aspects of taxation of trade in intangible assets, in particular in the information technology industry. The author's recommendations in this area are given.
ASSESSMENT OF VERTICAL INTEGRATION POTENTIAL EFFECTIVENESS FOR INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES
Authors:   Student of the Faculty of Computer Science and Control Systems, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russia, ZAKURIN K. I. , VOLKOVA M. V. ,   Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Industrial Logistics, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russia, GERTSIK Yu. G. ,   Doctor of Economics, Professor of the Department of Industrial Logistics, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russia
Published: May 2021

Fierce competition in industrial markets is pushing companies to seek sources of cost reduction and control rise. Stable cross-sectoral links within value chains contribute to the emergence of the possibility of integrating business structures. To make a competent decision to merge, a consistent analysis of the situation in the industry market, in the technological chain and at a particular enterprise is required. For this purpose, in this article, general methodological approaches and assessment indicators are collected in an algorithm, recommendations are given for determining the feasibility of vertical integration.
ANALYSIS OF SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF ECONOMIC SECURITY OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES
Authors:   Graduate Student of the Department of Finance and Economic Security of Vyatka State University, Kirov, Russia, MAKSIMOVA N. A.
Published: May 2021

The article assesses the risks of economic security of industrial enterprises by analyzing the indicators of a group of socio-psychological indicators. Correlation and regression models of the trends of the selected indicators are constructed. The importance of this group of indicators in the comprehensive assessment of the economic security of industrial enterprises is noted.
ON SPECIFIC FEATURES OF FORMATION OF SOCIOECONOMIC SECURITY OF PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS
Authors:   Student of the Direction “Economic Security of the Organization”, Vyatka State University, Kirov, Russia, SHABARDIN V. V. , KARANINA E. V. ,   Doctor of Economics, Professor, Head of Department of Finance and Economic Security, Vyatka State University, Kirov, Russia
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the problem of formation of socio-economic security of pupils of state institutions. The criteria for assessing the level of socio-economic security are highlighted, the main results of the study are presented on the basis of an expert assessment and a survey of a group of pupils of state organizations of pregraduation and graduation age from organizations of the Kirov region for orphans and those left without parental care. A comparative analysis of documentation and data on the results of educational and extracurricular activities is given. To characterize each criterion, a group of detailed questions is developed, which together give an idea of the level of formation of a particular characteristic of socio-economic security of pupils.
SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES AS A FACTOR IN ENSURING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGIONAL ECONOMY
Authors:   Doctor of Economics, Professor, Vladimir State University named after Alexander Grigoryevich and Nikolai Grigoryevich Stoletovs, Vladimir, Russia, DMITRIEV Yu. A. , MAMEDOV S. N. ,   Candidate of Legal Sciences, Associate Professor, Vladimir State University named after Alexander Grigoryevich and Nikolai Grigoryevich Stoletovs, Vladimir, Russia, VILKOV A. S. ,   Postgraduate Student of the Department of Management and Marketing, Vladimir State University named after Alexander Grigoryevich and Nikolai Grigoryevich Stoletovs, Vladimir, Russia
Published: May 2021

The article considers the features of SMEs from the perspective of their influence on the growth of the regional economy. It is proved that in order to achieve a positive value, support from the state and regions is required. Support measures are being considered. Support for the coronavirus pandemic is particularly analyzed. It is concluded that this will allow SMEs to act effectively, while remaining a factor in ensuring the sustainable development of the regional economy.
FRAGMENTATION OF GLOBAL FINANCIAL MARKETS IN THE CONTEXT OF FINANCIAL STABILITY
Authors:   Specialist in Educational and Methodological Work, Department of Humanities, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, SOZAEVA F. Kh.
Published: May 2021

This article examines the degree of fragmentation in various markets and classifies its possible causes. The definitions of fragmentation presented: price measures – differences in prices for equivalent assets in different countries; and quantitative measures – deviations from benchmarks in international investment positions. The costs and benefits of fragmentation examined from a financial stability perspective, drawing on the experience of the securities market, international banking and asset prices. It is concluded that the fragmentation of financial markets and financial stability complement each other. In some cases, some degree of fragmentation actually contributes to improved financial stability. However, assessing the trade-offs between market fragmentation and financial stability requires identifying the causes of fragmentation and conducting a thorough cost-benefit analysis.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS IN THE FIELD OF NON-FINANCIAL REPORTING AND THE PRACTICE OF THEIR APPLICATION
Authors:   Student of Higher School of Management, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, ANDRIANOVA E. V. , SHCHERBACHENKO P. S. ,   Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Corporate Finance and Corporate Governance, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
Published: May 2021

This article discusses and analyzes the most popular standards of non-financial reporting, which has a significant impact on the transformation of the business environment. Already, domestic and foreign companies with a high level of responsibility are beginning to publish non-financial statements in addition to financial statements, which is an additional tool for communication with stakeholders and a new source of information about their activities. To date, reports of this type are clearly unregulated, there are no verification standards, however, there is already a positive trend and the active introduction of non-financial indicators in the regular reporting of companies.
A modelagem (matemática) implícita nos processos criativos de uma arquiteta
Authors: Madruga Zulma Elizabete de Freitas
Published: May 2021

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo compreender os procedimentos de trabalho de uma arquiteta, analisando-os comparativamente com as etapas da modelagem (matemática). A colaboradora concedeu entrevista por meio de narrativas, que foram gravadas e posteriormente transcritas para análise. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa na qual foi utilizado como procedimento metodológico o mapeamento na pesquisa educacional, organizado em dois momentos: apreensão dos dados por meio das narrativas da colaboradora e significação dos dados, resultado da identificação, compreensão e interpretação desses dados. Os resultados mostraram que, embora essa profissional não assuma a utilização da modelagem em seus fazeres, esta se faz presente nos procedimentos utilizados pela profissional. A partir desse resultado, foi possível pensar em estratégias metodológicas passíveis de serem aplicada à Educação Básica.
ROLE OF STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN THE FUNCTIONAL ASSESSEMENT OF PROSTHETIC MITRAL VALVE
Authors: Dr.P.S.CHAKKARAVARTHI
Published: May 2021

Objective: To assess the resting echo profile of patients with prosthetic mitral valve and monitor the function of the prosthetic valves by doing stress echocardiography by treadmill exercise and dobutamine infusion.

Methods: An open-labeled prospective randomized comparative study was conducted in  30 patients at Madras Medical  College and Hospital, Chennai- 600 003, Tamil Nadu. Patients, who have been done mitral valve replacement, were selected randomly to undergo the stress echocardiography. 14 male and 16 female patients were included and evaluated on the basis of Echocardiographic examination, Exercise studies, Dobutamine stress echocardiography & Estimation of LV outflow.      

Results: Upon comparison, the patient's heart rate were increased from rest to exercise by a mean of 24 ±12.5 beats per minute. The paired t-test showed a significant correlation with an increase in the dobutamine group (P <0.001). With respect to peak gradients, it was increased between the two stress protocols was statistically significant (P <0.001). The mean gradient obtained at rest and with exercise and dobutamine stress also showed a similar pattern of increase as seen in the peak gradient. Moreover,  the net difference in the Pulmonary artery pressure achieved with both stress protocols was 5.563±4.6mmHg more in the exercise protocol which was statistically significant  (P <0.001).

Conclusion: The study reveals Dobutamine produces a greater augmentation in the effective mitral orifice area when compared to exercise. Similarly, the exercise protocol produces a much higher increase in the pressure gradients when compared with dobutamine.
A Brief Review on Breast cancer treatment and current challenges
Authors: Isha Shah  , Nensi Raytthatha
Published: May 2021

Cancer is a global disease, so rational and effective treatment is needed. Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in a woman and now the number of patients is increasing day by day. Therefore, development and research are underway for the effective treatment of breast cancer. Breast cancer treatment depends on the stage of cancer and the risk, based on this medical agents should be employed on patients to prevent breast cancer. In addition, breast cancer survival rates are rising which is good news for science but on the other hand the side effects of treatment present new challenges. An early-stage cancer diagnosis can save a patient's active or healthy life due to long-term and varied treatments that can be used for cancer otherwise breast cancer is a life-threatening disease. Breast cancer survivors not only have negative side effects of cancer treatment but also, have many other issues of previous treatment so it is a challenge for researchers. As a result, this review article deals with the effective treatment of breast cancer and its side effects. This review will help researchers better understand the long-term medical implications for breast cancer.
Way of the Warrior: Battling Issues of Interlok with the Sword of Wisdom
Authors:   Wawasan Open University, Sinha Lalita
Published: May 2021

Abdullah Hussain’s novel, Interlok, has been the source of discussion and conflict among various factions in the multi-ethnic and multi- religious community of Malaysia. As an alternative to some of the current negative impressions of the book, and accusations directed at the author, this essay presents a view of the novel and of the author’s motivations. It draws on two elements, evidences from the text itself, and an inward level or esoteric interpretation of the text. From an approach of Hindu religious and spiritual doctrines, and universal metaphysical truths from a Traditionalist perspective, it concludes that a fair and unbiased textual analysis which foregrounds Truth allows a genuine reader to understand what the author actually wrote, and to see beyond the conflict and accusations. Keywords: Hindu esoterism, discernment, Traditionalist perspective, human integration
Adaptation of Hikayat Hang Tuah in Children's Literature
Authors:   Universiti Sains Malaysia, Abdul Aziz Sohaimi , Md Ali Rohaya ,   Universiti Utara Malaysia
Published: May 2021

Hang Tuah is a character in the epic Hikayat Hang Tuah which has become the pride of Malay Literature. The epic, and especially the protagonist of the epic, Hang Tuah, have been much discussed. This is also the case where children’s literature is concerned, as the Hikayat Hang Tuah has attracted the attention of Malaysian authors to produce adaptations of stories from this epic. The stories linked to the character of Hang Tuah contain many elements of fantasy which makes them suitable for adaptation as children’s literature. Establishing what types of adaptations have been made of these stories forms the core of this study. Also, the acceptance of Hang Tuah as a hero of the Malays has been challenged by movements, especially in social realism. As a result, the character of Hang Jebat has become accepted as a heroic figure instead. However, whether or not social realism has influenced adaptations done for children, and whether there has been a shift in the figure of hero as a result of social realism are still unanswered questions which this study addresses. This study has found that adaptations of stories about Hang Tuah for children are mainly partial adaptations, and that the stories chosen for adaptation are especially those containing strong elements of fantasy. Illustrations are also an element in these partial adaptations. The study has found no trace of the influence of social realism in the adaptations. Hang Tuah is still depicted as a heroic figure while Hang Jebat continues to be depicted as the traitor. Keywords: children’s literature, Hang Tuah, adaptations, social realism, illustrations
The English Language and Global Literary Influences on the Work of Shahnon Ahmad
Authors:   La Trobe University Victoria, Australia, Aveling Harry
Published: May 2021

Postcolonial literary theory asserts that the colonial literature provides the models and sets the standards which writers and readers in the colonies may either imitate or resist. The major Malay author Shahnon Ahmad received his secondary and tertiary education in English and taught English at the beginning of his career. Drawing on his collection of essays Weltanschauung: Suatu Perjalanan Kreatif (2008), the paper argues that Shahnon was influenced at significant points in his literary development by his reading of literature in English and English translation–nineteenth century European and American short stories, the works of Gabriel Garcia Marquez and William Faulkner – but not by English (British) literature itself. Through his creation of original new works, focused on Malay society and directed towards Malay audiences, Shahnon was not a postcolonial subject but a participant in, and contributor to, the wider flow of world literature. Keywords: postcolonial, Shanon Ahmad, English literature, literature in English, world literature.
Women and Beauty in Nordin Hassan's Plays
Authors:   Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Md. Yousoff Rohani
Published: May 2021

Sasterawan Negara Dato (Dr.) Noordin Hassan has often been accused of being “women-struck” by critics who do not understand the meaning of beauty other than the physical aspect. The objective e of this paper is to clarify this misconception using the Islamic framework of analysis of the meanings of “women” and “beauty”. Noordin understands the need for balance in the life of mankind and the meaning of Divine Feminine to be an attribute of God. Women are neither chattels nor objects of admiration to be displayed by men, rather to be partners in life, mothers of future generations. Through his plays, Noordin has raised the level of women characters as leaders to demonstrate that the capability of mankind is not determined by gender but by the knowledge within. Raised by his mother, surrounded by other women in his growing years, it is no wonder that Noordin finds women of better quality than men, but only women of hasanah . Keywords: women, beauty, divine feminine, Islamic
Two Ecospheres, One Literature: Post-1965 Developments in Malay Literature in Singapore and Malaysia
Authors:   School of Humanities, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Yaapar Md. Salleh
Published: May 2021

Before 1965, Malay literature in Singapore and Malaysia was a single, shared entity. In fact, for a while, Singapore was one of the major centres of literary development, particularly through the endeavors of authors in Angkatan Sasterawan `50 (Asas 50) and friends in media and film. Singapore’s withdrawal from Malaysia in 1965 was an event that brought major changes, especially for Malay literature in Singapore. However, as this article hopes to show, although the split gave rise to far-reaching influences and two different socio- political ecospheres, activists of Malay language and literature in Singapore have persevered. Along with Malaysian activists and institutions, they continued to develop and enrich a shared Malay literature. For this purpose, the article will study historical developments in Singapore and Malaysia since 1965, particularly the diligent efforts, plans and activities to ensure that Malay literature continues to develop uninterrupted in Singapore. It also shows that the unity of the nations’ literatures are not fragmented, but instead can continue to develop as one literature. Results of the observation show that early awareness, planning, strategy, positive action and determination have ultimately succeeded in nurturing and developing one Malay literature in Singapore and Malaysia that produces manifold results. Keywords: Malay literature, Singapore, Malaysia, socio-political ecosphere, cooperation
The Figurative Language in the Poetic Diction of Masuri S.N. and A. Samad Said: A Comparison
Authors:   School of Humanities, Universiti Sains Malaysia, A. Hamid Rahimah
Published: May 2021

The beauty of a poem depends on the poet’s selection of diction to express his heart’s content. Diction is a careful assortment of the beautiful and concise words to express various matters by the poet’s mixture. The collection of words in poems is based on the relations to its meaning, sound harmony, and word sequences in a specific language manner that are crafted. The selection of diction is heavily correlated to the figurative language; an analogical language that is portrayed by the poet to beautify, heighten a certain effect and give rise to a particular connotation in his poems. A careful choice of diction by emphasizing on the use of figurative or metaphorical language will make a poem delightful, and it also endows it multiple layers of meaning. Selection of words and figurative language will be used as an approach to scrutinize the works of two famous writers from Malaysia and Singapore; who are A. Samad Said and Masuri SN. A comparative research on their poems has been carried out to see the strength and weaknesses of diction selection and the use of figurative language in their poems. Keywords: diction, figurative, effect, connotation, beauty
The Vision and Creative Process of the Writer in Retelling the Singapore Stories
Authors:   Architecture Design & Commuter Infrastructure Development Sub-Group (Adcid),Land Transport Authority (LTA),Singapore, Kamari Isa
Published: May 2021

This paper explains the vision and creative process of the writer in producing three novels entitled Memeluk Gerhana , Rawa and Duka Tuan Bertakhta . All three novels follow the development of Singapore since the arrival of Raffles up to the 21st century. The writer’s prospect is offering an alternative history by retelling parts of the history as a gleam of after thought. Keywords: historical awareness, novel, creative process, Memeluk Gerhana , Rawa , Duka Tuan Bertakhta
Temasik: Between Convention and Invention
Authors:   School of Humanities, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Che Man Siti Hajar
Published: May 2021

This article focusses on the issue of style of presentation by some Singapore short story writers on the livelihood among the Singapore society in the era of `65 leading to the early 90’s. Temasik (short story anthology by Singapore writers) published by the Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka in 1987 and edited by Suratman Markasan is chosen for the purpose. Each and every short story in this anthology portrayed the what, where, who, how and when of the Singapore society after 1965 which later became the rigours of livelihood till today. The issues touched upon by the writers are analysed based on the existence of the inter-relation of two dimensions – namely the concept of the creation of creative works and the observation of its continuity and layering between invention and convention. The first concept deals with the bond between reality, imagination, illusion and fantasy whereas the second concept deals with the combination between the pattern of story telling which also mirrors the maturity and experience of the short story writers of the 80’s. The Temasik anthology is not only seen as a catalyst, but also as an impetus toward the production of creative works of quality, apart from ushering the emergence of Singapore writers and works in the era of e-literature. Keywords : Temasik , creative works, convention, invention, e-literature
Malay Literature in Singapore: Lines of Thought and Conflicting Ideas
Authors:   Department of Malay Studies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Ibrahim Azhar
Published: May 2021

A line of thought exists and develops from the socio-political and cultural atmosphere, apart from the writer’s level of public and individual awareness. Beginning with the call for “literature for society” by ASAS’50, the following decades saw more variety in literary trends, although, on the whole, established writers still remained committed to use literature as a means for raising awareness and channelling social criticism, while at the same time using it to present the ideal to which the writer aspires. In the cultural and political context of Singapore, there are three lines of thought. The first is a kind of foregrounding, in which the writer makes a universal observation of humankind and/or describes the condition of the Malay community with all its challenges and problems, touching on issues that have a basis in history or current realism. The second is the tendency to offer alternatives or echo moral messages that call for people to be more spiritual and more ethical in this life, without making a concrete link to the communal life or the structures and systems that underlie the society and nation. The third is a kind of escapism, indicated by a domestication of thought or “popularization” of literature following the dictates of a market in which light reading and entertainment-type reading materials are what sells. In Singapore today, writing is becoming more varied. What is to be observed is how literature has become the vehicle for refuting dominant ideas, apart from becoming the ground for competing ideas as writers present what they feel is the best idea in the interest of society. The challenge for developing an effective literary culture is ensuring that literary works have a clear social vision, employing good techniques and language skills, while at the same time building a grounded, people-oriented literature. This discussion will analyse the obstacles that complicate the literary culture of the Malay literature of Singapore as it aims to achieve all this. Keywords: modern literature, Singapore Malay, political culture, humanity, conflicting ideas
The Person and Religious Poetry in Malay
Authors:   Adjunct Professor, Asian Studies, La Trobe University, Australia, Aveling Harry
Published: May 2021

Accepting that there is a close connection between religion and poetry, the paper focuses on the person that is presented in poetry in Malay in response to the Divine. The concept of “the person” used contains three elements: (a) the human identity – our common physiological and psychological qualities; (b) the social identity – arising from our membership in the various groups that make up our particular society; and, (c) the self – the unique personal sense of who I am. It argues that the person in Malay religious poetry is largely a “social identity” the self surrendered to God through membership in the Muslim community. Keywords: religious poetry, person, human identity, social identity, the individual self
The Relation between Creativity, Identity and Political Expression in the Writings of Gabriel Garcia Marquez and Shahnon Ahmad
Authors:   Institute of the Malay World and Civilization (ATMA), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Musa Mohd Faizal
Published: May 2021

The presence of political elements within literary works is often seen as something provocative. Through a framework proposed by C. R. Rogers in his essay entitled “Towards a Theory of Creativity”, this article will demonstrate the close link between an author, his creativity and the political theme in the creation of his literary works. This framework enables the author’s personal attributes and personality to be linked to the political elements featured in his works. The creativity of a political novelist is found to be dependent on his surroundings, experience and political awareness. In relation to this, two authors of political novels are highlighted in this research. They are Shahnon Ahmad (Malaysia) who produced Tunggul-Tunggul Gerigis and Gabriel Garcia Marquez (Latin America) famed for his work One Hundred Years of Solitude . It is discovered through this research that the two political novelists did not write in a vacuum. The presence of political subjects specifically mentioned in their works clearly originates from their real-life surroundings which have consolidated into their identity, personality and authorship as political writers. In other words, politics is the authors’ flesh and blood and this allows political subjects to be crafted and expressed in their creative works. Hence an author without a varied background in politics will never be able to create or produce effective political works or novels. Keyword: political novel, creativity, myths, authorship, comparative literature
Raja Haji Yahya in the History of 20th Century Malay Literature
Authors:   School of Humanities, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Harun Jelani
Published: May 2021

Very little is known about the role of courtiers in the tradition of the Malay lipur lara (folklore) although the probability of them playing a role is hardly deniable. One such courtier is Raja Haji Yahya who lived in Chenderiang, Perak. Aside from producing works on the genealogy and history of the rulers of Perak, Raja Haji Yahya too was known to serve as penghulu (headman), pawang istana (royal medicine man), collector of folklore, and poet. In addition, he was well-acquainted with a prominent penglipur lara (folklorist) in Perak named Pawang Ana. This article aims to trace the life story of Raja Haji Yahya and discuss his contribution to the history of Malay literature in Perak. The study is based on several works of Raja Haji Yahya that have been found and also on information gathered from his next-of-kin who are still around today. The last part of the article puts forward a number of conclusions about the status of Raja Haji Yahya as a courtier who was blessed with deep insights into the literature and socio-cultural life of the Malays such that he deserves to be acknowledged as one of the leading lights in the history of Malay literature of 20th century Perak. Keywords: Raja Haji Yahya, history of Malay literature, Pawang Ana, folklorist, Perak Abstrak Kewujudan “orang istana” dalam tradisi lipur lara Melayu masih belum banyak diketahui walaupun beberapa kemungkinan tentang peranan mereka sememangnya ada. Salah seorang “orang istana” yang dimaksudkan ialah Raja Haji Yahya yang tinggal di Chenderiang, Perak. Di samping menghasilkan penulisan tentang salasilah dan sejarah raja-raja Perak, Raja Haji Yahya juga pernah berkhidmat sebagai penghulu, pawang istana, pengumpul cerita rakyat, pengarang syair, dan mempunyai hubungan dengan tokoh penglipur lara di negeri Perak yang bernama Pawang Ana. Makalah ini bertujuan mengesan sejarah hidup Raja Haji Yahya dan membicarakan sumbangannya dalam sejarah kesusasteraan Melayu di negeri Perak. Kajian ini berasaskan beberapa contoh hasil karya Raja Haji Yahya yang telah ditemui dan juga maklumat yang diperoleh daripada waris keturunannya yang masih ada pada hari ini. Beberapa kesimpulan dibuat tentang kedudukan Raja Haji Yahya selaku “orang istana”, yang mempunyai pelbagai kearifan tentang sastera dan sosiobudaya kehidupan masyarakat Melayu, sehingga beliau diangkat sebagai salah seorang tokoh penting dalam sejarah kesusasteraan Melayu di Negeri Perak pada abad ke-20 yang lalu. Kata kunci: Raja Haji Yahya, sejarah kesusasteraan Melayu, Pawang Ana, Penglipur lara, Perak
Searching New Paradigms of Malay Women: What We Can Learn from Literature?
Authors:   School of Humanities, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Mohamed Ali Halimah
Published: May 2021

Paradigms according to science and epistemology describe distinct concepts of thought patterns. For the purpose of this paper we have to understand gender paradigm. According to Gamble, a paradigm is a belief structure about the ways men and women should act and the roles they should perform. The Malaysian gender paradigm is very much controlled by religion and culture. The paradigm has shifted through time, but is the shift significant? Basically the Malay woman in Malaysia is controlled by culture and Islam. These are two prominent factors that influence her life and her interaction with fellow women, men and society. The paradigm used to be that women were weak, not as smart as men, could not lead, and were destined to be homemakers even if they were educated. An old saying goes, a woman’s place is in the kitchen, no matter how highly educated she is. This paradigm has not been challenged by women, especially by romance novel writers as will be discussed in this paper. This paper analyses two Malay novels, Tak Seindah Mimpi by Sharifah Abu Salem and Adam dan Hawa by Aisya Sofea, and looks at how the gender paradigm is portrayed vis-à-vis these two novels using the feminist theory. Keywords: new paradigm, Malay woman, romance novel, feminist theory, gender role Abstrak Paradigma berdasarkan sains dan epistemologi menerangkan konsep pemikiran tertentu. Dalam kajian ini yang perlu difahami ialah paradigma gender. Menurut Gamble, paradigma ialah struktur kepercayaan mengenai cara lelaki dan wanita sepatutnya bertindak, dan peranan yang harus mereka laksanakan. Paradigma gender di Malaysia amat dikawal oleh agama dan budaya. Paradigma ini mengalami perubahan dengan berlalunya masa, tetapi adakah peralihannya signifikan? Pada dasarnya dua faktor utama yang mempengaruhi interaksi antara sesama wanita, dengan lelaki dan masyarakat. Paradigma lama menampilkan wanita bersifat lemah, tidak sebijak lelaki, tidak boleh memimpin, dan telah ditentukan sebagai suri rumah meskipun mereka berpelajaran. Pesan orang tua-tua, walau setinggi mana pelajaran seseorang wanita itu, tempatnya masih di dapur. Paradigma ini dicabar oleh wanita terutamanya penulis novel roman yang akan dibincangkan dalam makalah ini. Makalah ini menganalisis dua novel Melayu, Tak Seindah Mimpi oleh Sharifah Abu Salem dan Adam dan Hawa oleh Aisya Sofea. Tumpuan penelitian terhadap paradigm gender yang dipaparkan dalam kedua-dua novel ini menggunakan teori feminis. Kata kunci: paradigma baharu, wanita Melayu, novel roman, teori feminis, peranan gender