bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF CONJUGATED LINOLEIC ACID
Authors: B Lalithadevi , Ns Muthiah , Murty K Satya Narayana
Published: November 2018

Objective: The objective of the present study is to evaluate the antioxidant effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). CLA is a collective term for a group of positional and geometric isomers of linoleic acid with conjugated double bond system. CLA is found in milk products and ruminant meat. CLA has been proved to be having many health benefits, one of them one being antioxidant effect.Methods: Various methods are used to find out the antioxidant effect of CLA. They are 1,1- diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging assay, hydroxy radical scavenging assay, nitrous oxide radical scavenging assay, reducing power method, and phosphomolybdenum antioxidant assay. All these methods were done to test the antioxidant activity of CLA.Results: Standards error of mean calculated for all the tests. Statistical analysis done using one-way analysis of variance between the groups and SPSS software version 20 is used. p<0.05 is considered statistically significant. All the tests are statistically significant.Conclusion: As p values for all the tests came significant, and it was concluded that CLA has got antioxidant property. CLA could protect membranes composed of 1-palmitoyl 2-linoleoyl phosphatidylcholine from oxidative modification under conditions of metal ion-dependent or -independent oxidative stress. Finally, it was concluded that CLA has got potential health benefits such as weight reduction, antiaging, and antioxidative properties.
ANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT FOR THE ESTIMATION OF DARUNAVIR BY DIAZOTIZATION AND COUPLING BY VISIBLE SPECTROPHOTOMETRY
Authors: R Vijayalakshmi , D Anjani , M Sriramamurthy , M D Dhanaraju
Published: November 2018

Objectives: This proposed work describes simple and extraction free visible methods for the estimation of darunavir ethanolate (DNV) in bulk and tablet formulations. The methodology involves diazotization of DNV with nitrous acid followed by coupling with chromotropic acid (CA) (Method A)/ Bratton Marshall Reagent (Method B)/α-naphthol (Method C) to form colored products.Methods: All the methods were developed using a PerkinElmer (LAMBDA 25) UV–Visible spectrophotometer interfaced with UV Win lab software and 1 cm quartz cells. Results: Spectrophotometrically, DNV is estimated at 520 nm, 544 nm, and 464 nm for the reddish-pink color produced by CA, dark violet color with NED, and dark-greenish yellow with α-naphthol, respectively. The linear relationship was observed between absorbance and the corresponding concentration of drug in the range of 100–350 μg/mL, 10–100 μg/mL, and 10–60 μg/mL for Methods A, B, and C, respectively.Conclusion: The colorimetric methods were extensively validated as per the ICH guidelines. The developed methods were proven to be more accurate and precise by the statistical analysis.
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND EXTRACTION OF ACTIVE COMPOUND (ANONAINE) FROM FRUIT PEEL EXTRACT OF ANNONA RETICULATA L.
Authors: Ethiraj Sumathi , Sridar Vandana
Published: November 2018

Objective: The main objective of this study was to analyze the phytochemical constituents, total phenol, total flavonoid, alkaloid content, in vitro antioxidant activity and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of anonaine compound from the fruit peel extract of Annona reticulata L.Methods: Preliminary phytochemical analysis for alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, saponins, steroids, tannins, and terpenoids was studied. Quantitative phytochemical analysis for total phenolics, total flavonoids and alkaloids was determined according to standard protocols. In vitro antioxidant potential was evaluated by assessing 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity by following standard procedure. HPLC analysis was carried out to identify a major metabolite, namely, anonaine compound from fruit peel extract of A. reticulata L.Results: Phytochemical screening of various extracts such as aqueous, ethanol, chloroform, acetone, and petroleum ether of fruit peel extracts revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, phenols, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, coumarins, terpenoids, alkaloids, and steroids. Total phenol, flavonoid and alkaloid contents were quantitatively estimated which recorded maximum in Ooty accession (17.75±0.13 mg gallic acid equivalents/g, 13.97±0.21 mg quercetin equivalents/g, and alkaloid content of 6.92±0.14 mg/g), respectively. Among three accessions with five different solvents used, maximum antioxidant activity was found in aqueous peel extract (90.76±1.3%) from Ooty accession followed by others. The results of HPLC analysis in the fruit peel extract of A. reticulata proved the presence of the active principle, namely anonaine compound.Conclusion: Therefore, this study suggests the possibility of using fruit peel extracts of A. reticulata as a potent source of natural antioxidant and thus could prevent many free radical mediated diseases. The validated HPLC method can be used for routine quality control analysis.
COMPARISON BETWEEN MODIFIED OSWESTRY LOW BACK PAIN DISABILITY QUESTIONNAIRE AND ABERDEEN LOW BACK PAIN SCALE TAKING LOW BACK-SPECIFIC VERSION OF THE SF-36 PHYSICAL FUNCTIONING SCALE AS A GOLD STANDARD IN PATIENTS WITH LOW BACK PAIN
Authors: Lamba Dheeraj , K Upadhyay Ritambhara
Published: November 2018

Objective: The objective of the study was to compare the modified Oswestry low back pain (LBP) disability questionnaire with Aberdeen LBP scale (ABPS) and to find out which scale is better for functional assessment in LBP patients.Methods: A total of 100 randomly selected patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were recruited for the study. Modified Oswestry LBP disability questionnaire and ABPS were compared with a gold standard that is a low back-specific Version of the SF-36 Physical Functioning Scale. Statistical comparison was done using one-way ANOVA to find out which scale is better for assessing functional disability in LBP patients.Results: On analyzing the results using one-way ANOVA both the scales, i.e., modified Oswestry disability questionnaire and ABPS showed significant values indicating that both are equally reliable and effective tools and either can be used as outcome measurement tool in patients suffering from LBP.Conclusion: The present study concludes that the modified Oswestry disability questionnaire and Aberdeen low back scale both are equally reliable and effective outcome measurement tools for the assessment of patients suffering from LBP.
RECENT ADVANCES IN HYDROGELS FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS
Authors: Das Surojeet , Kumar Vivek , Tiwari Rini , Singh Leena , Singh Sachidanand
Published: November 2018

Hydrogels are three-dimensional polymeric network, capable of entrapping substantial amounts of fluids. Hydrogels are formed due to physical or chemical cross-linking in different synthetic and natural polymers. Recently, hydrogels have been receiving much attention for biomedical applications due to their innate structure and compositional similarities to the extracellular matrix. Hydrogels fabricated from naturally derived materials provide an advantage for biomedical applications due to their innate cellular interactions and cellular-mediated biodegradation. Synthetic materials have the advantage of greater tunability when it comes to the properties of hydrogels. There has been considerable progress in recent years in addressing the clinical and pharmacological limitations of hydrogels for biomedical applications. The primary objective of this article is to review the classification of hydrogels based on their physical and chemical characteristics. It also reviews the technologies adopted for hydrogel fabrication and the different applications of hydrogels in the modern era.
A COST-EFFECTIVE ANALYSIS OF TIOTROPIUM WITH FORMOTEROL AND BUDESONIDE WITH FORMOTEROL BASED ON EFFICACY AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE PATIENTS
Authors: Garnepudi Kameswari , Shravanthi Ivaturi , Sivakumar Keerthana , Sharma M Maithili , Manasa Kurakula
Published: November 2018

Objectives: The primary objective of the study was to conduct the cost-effective analysis of tiotropium with formoterol versus budesonide with formoterol in the management of Stage-I chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) based on efficacy and quality of life (QoL). The study also aims to analyze the improvement of the QoL through pulmonary rehabilitation. The secondary objective was to evaluate the incidence of depression and anxiety in COPD patients.Methods: A prospective interventional study, with a sample size of 74 patients diagnosed with COPD Stage-I was conducted for 6 months. The study population was divided based on simple randomization into two main groups, one receiving tiotropium with formoterol and the other receiving budesonide with formoterol. Based on spirometry, their pulmonary function test (PFT) was recorded. The patients QoL was recorded using the WHOQoL-BREF questionnaire.Results: Data of 74 patients were collected for both the zero-degree and first-degree follow-up. The patients demonstrated good compliance with the transinhaler of the prescribed drugs. A significant improvement after providing pulmonary rehabilitation in PFT, i.e., forced expiratory volume1/ forced vital capacity values (p=0.000**) and the WHOQoL scoring (P = 0.001**) was observed in patients receiving tiotropium with formoterol. Tiotropium with formoterol was found to be more cost-effective treatment than budesonide with formoterol.Conclusion: The study showed that transinhalation of 9 mcg/12 mcg tiotropium/formoterol once a day is a better cost-effective treatment than 200 mcg/6 mcg transinhalation of budesonide/formoterol twice a day.
EVALUATION OF SUBCHRONIC TOXICITY OF LACTOBACILLUS PARACASEI HII03 FERMENTED MORINDA CITRIFOLIA (NONI) FRUIT JUICE
Authors: Chaiyasut Chaiyavat , Sivamaruthi Bhagavathi Sundaram , Duangjitcharoen Yodsawee , Kesika Periyanaina , Sirilun Sasithorn , Chaiyasut Khontaros , Peerajan Sartjin
Published: November 2018

Objective: The present study evaluated the subchronic toxicity of Lactobacillus paracasei mediated fermented Morinda citrifolia (Noni) juice (FMJ) using Sprague Dawley rat as a model system.Methods: FMJ was prepared. The microbial load and pH of FMJ during fermentation were measured by a plating method and using pH meter, respectively. The healthy rats were supplemented with different doses of FMJ for 60 days. The changes in body weight of the animals were measured during FMJ intervention period. The blood and organs of the experimental rats were collected and were subjected to hematological and biochemical analysis by following standard hospital protocols, after the treatment period.Results: After 30 days of fermentation, the pH of FMJ was reduced to 4.10 from 4.31. Lactobacillus load was increased gradually during fermentation while Bacillus spp. load decreased progressively, finally after 30 days of fermentation, no Bacillus spp., and yeast was found in FMJ. FMJ supplementation did not affect the body mass of experimental animals. The alternations in the organ weight were not associated with FMJ intervention. FMJ supplementation did not significantly affect the normal range of the selected hematological and biochemical parameters, which suggested that FMJ was not harmful to experimental rats.Conclusion: FMJ was enriched with lactic acid bacteria, and free from pathogenic microbes. FMJ was found as safe for rodent consumption without any adverse effects. Further, studies are needed to explain the beneficial effect of L. paracasei mediated FMJ.
INFLUENCE OF PIRDOT LEAF (SAURAUIA VULCANI, KORTH.) EXTRACT ON THE BLOOD GLUCOSE RATE AND HISTOLOGIC DESCRIPTION OF THE RETINA OF MALE MICE (MUS MUSCULUS STRAIN DDW)
Authors: Hutapea Adiluddin , Hutahaean Salomo , Ilyas Syafruddin
Published: November 2018

Objective: This research aims to collect laboratory data on the influence of pirdot leaf extract on the retina and blood glucose rate.Method: The mice were classified into 5 groups: A control group without any treatment, a control group treated with a single injection of 125 mg/kg body weight (BW) of alloxan as the diabetes mellitus trigger, and three groups treated with intra-muscular alloxan injection to induce diabetes mellitus, and pirdot leaf extract, i.e., 150 mg/kg BW (P1), 200 mg/kg BW (P2), and 250 mg/kg BW (P3) for 8 weeks. Subsequently, the blood glucose rates of the mice were measured, and histologic grazes of their retina layers were prepared using the paraffin method.Results: The blood glucose rate of the mice treated with 200 mg/kg BW (113.4 mg/dl) pirdot leaf extract significantly differed from that of the mice in the diabetes mellitus control group (364.8 mg/dl) (p<0.05). The ganglion cell layer of the retina increased by up to 7.59 μm, which differed from that of the diabetes mellitus group (3.67 μm) (p<0.05) treated with 250 mg/kg BW pirdot leaf extract. The external plexiform layer increased to 17.88 μm, which differed from that of the diabetes mellitus group (15.71 μm) (p<0.05) treated with 150 mg/kg BW pirdot leaf extract.Conclusion: The blood glucose rate obtained after treatment with pirdot leaf extract was lower than that of the diabetes mellitus control group.
HYDROGEN PEROXIDE LEVELS CORRELATE WITH SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE IN IRAQI WOMEN WITH PREGNANCY-INDUCED HYPERTENSION
Authors: Muhand Bayram Saja , A Salih Lina , A Eleiwe Samia
Published: November 2018

Objective: Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is a major pregnancy complication that leads to maternal mortality. Here, we have scrutinized the correlation between serum levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in PIH.Methods: Serum samples were collected from 80 Iraqi women (40 women with PIH as patients group, 20 normotensive pregnant women as a positive control, and 20 normotensive non-pregnant women as a negative control) all groups were diagnosed clinically.Results: Serum of H2O2 and SOD levels was measured for all studied groups. Results showed that there were no significant variances in age and gestational age distribution between all studied groups. Furthermore, result showed that the serum level of SOD was a highly significant decrease in PIH in compared to control groups while H2O2 was a highly significant increase in PIH in compared with control groups. The obtained results also indicated that there was a negative correlation between SOD and H2O2 PIH women while no correlation in other control groups.Conclusion: Our study showed that there was a correlation between H2O2 levels and SOD in PIH. These imbalance lead to generate oxidative stress that could be responsible for starting and progression of pathological processes related to PIH and may be a critical determinant of diseases. Testing for SOD and H2O2 level can be a monitoring instrument for oxidative stress in early pregnancy, and they could help in the detection and consequently prevent future hypertension in pregnancy.
CURCUMIN PROTECTION AGAINST CADMIUM-INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS IN PANCREAS OF SWISS ALBINO MICE
Authors: Sharma Suman , Anu Anu
Published: November 2018

Objective: This study was planned to explore the protective efficacy of Curcuma longa (curcumin) against cadmium chloride (CdCl2)-induced oxidative stress in pancreatic tissue of albino mice.Methods: A total of 40 albino mice were equally divided into eight groups (five mice for each). The mice were kept on standard feed and water ad libitum. Control Groups 1 and 5 mice were given equal amount of distilled water, Groups 2 and 6 mice received 1 mg/kg body weight of CdCl2 on alternate days, and Group 3 and 7 received 1 mg/kg body weight of CdCl2 on alternate days and 100 mg/kg body weight of curcumin every day. Groups 4 and 8 received 100 mg/kg body weight of curcumin daily and were kept as positive control. Autopsies were done on 15 and 45 days post-treatment. The pancreas was collected from each mouse and homogenized for biochemical study.Results: The results of the present study revealed that Cd-induced oxidative stress depleted the antioxidant scavenger system and curcumin showed free radical scavenging potential. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, i.e., superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase were observed to be significantly decreased, and methylenedioxyamphetamine concentration was increased in CdCl2-treated group which was restored to normal level after curcumin treatment.Conclusion: It can be concluded that curcumin acts as a powerful and beneficial antioxidant against oxidative stress by scavenging the free radicals produced by CdCl2.
LANNEA ACIDA: A REVIEW OF ITS MEDICINAL USES AND PHYTOCHEMISTRY AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
Authors: Maroyi Alfred
Published: November 2018

Lannea acida is widely used as herbal medicine in West Africa. The present study critically reviewed the medicinal uses and phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of L. acida. The keywords including L. acida, its synonyms, English common names, medicinal uses, and phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of the species were searched using electronic databases such as ISI web of knowledge, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, OATD, Scopus, OpenThesis, PubMed, and Google Scholar. The search for pre-electronic literature such as conference papers, scientific articles, books, book chapters, dissertations, and theses was carried out at the university library. Literature studies revealed that L. acida is mainly used for injuries, inflammation and pain, gastrointestinal problems, fever and malaria, gynecological and pregnancy disorders, ethnoveterinary medicine, hemorrhoids, skin diseases, and infections. Phytochemical compounds identified from the species include alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, steroids, tannins, and terpenoids. Pharmacological studies revealed that L. acida extracts have anthelmintic, antibacterial, antidiarrheal, anti-inflammatory, antimycobacterial, antioxidant, estrogenic, fertility, hyaluronidase, phospholipase A2, proteolytic, and vibriocidal activities. Given the importance of L. acida as herbal medicine, there is a need for detailed studies aimed at establishing the efficacy, clinical relevance, and safety of the plant extracts and compounds.
SEVERE GASTROINTESTINAL MANIFESTATIONS COMPLICATING HENOCH-SCHÖNLEIN PURPURA IN ADULT: A RARE CASE IN INDONESIA
Authors: Ray Cassidy William , Suryana Ketut , Catur Wulandari Dewi
Published: November 2018

Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP), also known as immunoglobulin A vasculitis, is a self-limiting, small vessel systemic vasculitis rarely found in adults characterized by palpable purpura, arthritis or arthralgia, gastrointestinal, and renal involvement. We report a case of a 31-year-old male with HSP complicated with severe gastrointestinal manifestations mimicking acute abdomen. He was successfully managed with conservative approach. Meticulous diagnosis, treatment, and long-term monitoring are important to reduce patient morbidity.
EVALUATION OF ANTIBIOTICS UTILIZATION ON PEDIATRIC OUTPATIENTS IN UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA HOSPITAL, MEDAN
Authors: Nasution Embun Suci , Muchtar Rasmadin
Published: November 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine antibiotics prescribing profile for pediatric outpatients in Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital, Medan, Sumatera Utara (Indonesia) in 2018.Methods: This study was using a retrospective cross-sectional method study which conducted from March to April 2018 with data from January to December 2018. From Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital, there are 211 prescriptions contained antibiotic that made as sample. The antibiotic analyzed based on the group, type, duration of administration, and dosage-drug form along with the dose.Results: The antibiotic that mostly prescribed for pediatric outpatients was antituberculosis for 211 prescriptions (72.99%) which is isoniazid. There are 15 prescriptions (7.11%) with mismatch the duration of use. From 211 prescriptions with complete data to assess the dose, there are 75 prescriptions (35.55%) with mismatch dose and the most dosage form is pulveres for 121 prescriptions (57.35%).Conclusion: It shows that isoniazid was the most prescribed antibiotic for pediatric outpatients in Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital, Medan, and there is still mismatch in dose and duration of use in antibiotic prescribing for pediatric.
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF β-SITOSTEROL FROM ELAEAGNUS ANGUSTIFOLIA CULTIVATED IN IRAQ
Authors: A Zeez Rand , S Abaas Ibrahim , J Kadhim Enas
Published: November 2018

Objective: The aim of our study was to investigate chemical constituents of leaves and seeds of Elaeagnus angustifolia since no phytochemical investigation had been done previously in Iraq.Methods: Phytochemical screening of the extracts obtained from the leaves of E. angustifolia indicated the presence of flavonoids (type of flavonols), saponins, alkaloids, steroids, and terpenoids. Thin-layer chromatography fingerprinting and the spraying reagent (concentrated H2SO4 and vanillin in ethanol) were used to identify the hexane extract containing phytosterols.Results: The different chromatographic and spectroscopic results revealed the presence of β‐sitosterol isolated from E. angustifolia. Conclusion: The isolation and purification afforded white crystalline powder which was subjected to chemical and spectral identification by infrared and 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance. The compound was identified as β‐sitosterol.
DESCRIPTION OF TESTIS HISTOLOGY OF MUS MUSCULUS AFTER GIVING NANO HERBAL RHODOMYRTUS TOMENTOSA (HARAMONTING)
Authors: Cahaya Situmorang Putri , Ilyas Syafruddin
Published: November 2018

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the description of testis histology of male mice (Mus musculus) after giving nano-Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (haramonting).Methods: Leaves of R. tomentosa (haramonting) are made into nanoherbal using high-energy milling, treatment of mice in 14 days, then observation of testis histology, and the data processed with SPSS 22 program with Kruskal–Wallis test. Results: Nano-R. tomentosa administration was not significantly different in weight of testes (p>0.05), but there was significant difference in Spermatogonia, Spermatocytes, and spermatid.Conclusions: Nano-R. tomentosa (haramonting) with excessive doses can cause damage of testis cells, interfere with the process of spermatogenesis, and make infertile.
ANTIHYPERGLYCEMIC ACTIVITY OF TINOCRISPOSIDE BY STIMULATING 3T3-L1 ADIPOCYTE CELL DIFFERENTIATION
Authors: Adnan Adek Zamrud , Taher Muhammad , Fauzana Annisa , Afriani Tika , Imelda Roesma Dewi , Putra Andani Eka
Published: November 2018

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the antihyperglycemic activity of tinocrisposide by stimulating 3T3-L1 adipocyte cell differentiation. Tinocrisposide is a furanoditerpene glycoside that was isolated from Tinospora crispa (Menispermaceae).Methods: Adipocyte cell differentiation activity of tinocrisposide in interval concentrations of 50, 25, 12.5, and 6.25 μg/ml has been investigated on 3T3-L1 cell line using insulin of 1 μg/ml as a positive and Dulbecco’s modified Eagle media (DMEM) as a negative control group. The effect of tinocrisposide was quantified with oil red O staining method by measuring an absorbance of lipid solution in isopropanol at a wavelength (λ) of 520 nm.Results: Tinocrisposide in the concentrations of 50, 25, 12.5, and 6.25 μg/ml insulin of 1 μg/ml and DMEM groups showed absorbance value of 0.7669, 0.7253, 0.6563, 0.6481, 0.954, and 0.2653, respectively. It was found that there was a significant difference statistically in lipid droplets accumulation among all groups (p<0.05) and tinocrisposide at a concentration of 50 μg/ml showed the highest lipid droplets accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells.Conclusion: From the study, it could be concluded that tinocrisposide was able to stimulate the differentiation of adipocyte cell and had antihyperglycemic activity.
EFFECTS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES ON THYROID GLAND STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN FEMALE RATS
Authors: Sulaiman Amal A , M Luaibi Noori , A Qassim Hiba
Published: November 2018

Objective: Due to their unique properties, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) gained a broad utilization in nano-based industries and medicine, which may expose human to increased levels of NPs. However, little is known about their potential harmful effects on endocrine physiology. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the potential dose- and time-dependent outcomes of AgNPs on serum levels of thyroid hormones and thyroid gland histology in female rats.Methods: A total of 60 female rats were divided into three groups (each of 20 animals), treated with AgNPs for (10, 20, and 30) days. Within each treatment period, animals were assigned into four subgroups each of five rats; control treated with vehicle and the others treated with 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg of AgNPs, respectively, by intraperitoneal injection. At the end of treatments, all rats were sacrificed; blood samples were obtained and analyzed for serum levels of T3, T4, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Thyroid gland was removed and weighed then kept in buffered formalin solution for microscopic examination.Results: The data showed a significant increase in the weight of the thyroid gland after 20 and 30 days of the treatment with 50 mg/kg of AgNPs, while the 25 mg/kg dose of AgNps resulted in significant increase only after 30 days. Serum levels of T3 and TSH were nonsignificantly altered by AgNPs in all the treatment groups. Thyroxin levels (T4) were significantly decreased after long-term exposure. Histological specimens of AgNPs treated group showed disturbance of the normal architecture of the thyroid tissue with degeneration of thyroid follicles and desquamated luminal cells.Conclusion: The results of the current study suggested the possible disrupting potential of long-term exposure to high level of AgNPs on thyroid gland function and histology in female rats.
CORRELATION BETWEEN PHYTOESTROGENS INTAKE WITH TELOMERE LENGTH IN MINANGKABAU PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN
Authors: Desmawati Desmawati , Sulastri Delmi , Lestari Yuniar , Jamsari Jamsari
Published: November 2018

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between phytoestrogens intake with telomere length in premenopausal Minangkabau ethnicity women.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Padang city, to 113 premenopausal Minangkabau ethnic 40–54 years old. Food intake data were obtained by an interview by trained enumerators using semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Telomere examination was done from 3 ml of venous blood. Telomere length examination by modification of O’Callaghan and Fenech method. Estradiol level was measured by the ELISA technique.Results: This research indicated an average telomere length was 554.79±426.81 bp, estradiol level was 149.47±52.26 pg/ml, and phytoestrogens intake was 37.95±32.25 mg/day. There were the differences between phytoestrogens intake and telomere length based on estradiol levels. Then, there was no significant correlation between phytoestrogens intake and telomere length.Conclusion: There is no significant positive correlation between phytoestrogens intake and telomere length of premenopausal women in the Minangkabau ethnic.
PREDICTIVE VALUE OF SERUM INTERLEUKIN 31 IN DIAGNOSIS OF OSTEOPOROSIS IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMAN: A NOVEL CASE–CONTROL STUDY FROM IRAQ
Authors: Ghalib Abid Asma , Salman Al-hadithi Hayfaa , Gorial Faiq I
Published: November 2018

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the predictive value of serum level of interleukin 31 (IL31) in diagnosis of osteoporosis (OP) in postmenopausal women.Methods: This case–control study was conducted on 80 individuals, 50 of them with postmenopausal OP diagnosed using dual X-ray absorptiometry study, and the other 30 were healthy postmenopausal female controls. Serum level of IL31 was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique in both groups.Results: The mean age of patients was 65.3±4.8 years and controls was 61.1±3.9 years. Mean serum IL31 level was significantly higher among postmenopausal patients with OP compared to healthy controls (83.5±34.2 vs. 34.9±7.3ng/ml, p<0.05). The optimum cutoff value of serum IL31 that can differentiate between patients with OP in postmenopausal women from controls was >44.51 ng/ml with perfect positive predictive value (PPV) (100%), very high accuracy of 92.5%, 88% sensitivity, 100% specificity, and negative predictive value (NPV) 83.3%.Conclusions: Serum IL31 level was significantly higher in postmenopausal osteoporotic women compared to healthy controls. It was a valid measure with high accuracy and perfect PPV and specificity, high sensitivity, and NPV. It can be used to confirm the diagnosis of OP in postmenopausal women.
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, ANTIOXIDENT AND ANTICANCER HUMAN STUDIES OF NEW METAL ION COMPLEXES OF POLY SCHIFF BASE DERIVED FROM 4-AMINOACETOPHENONE WITH SALICYLALDEHYDE AND 4-BROMOANILINE
Authors: Al-sahlanee Tamara Q.m , Ha Al-amery Mohammed , Ha Al-amery Mohammed
Published: November 2018

Objective: New metal ion complexes of some transition metal ions [Cu(II), Cr(III), Cd(II), Zn(II), and VO(II)] of prepared ligand 2-(((4-(1-((4-bromophenyl) imino)ethyl) phenyl) imino) methyl) phenol were synthesized.Methods: The method is based on Schiff bases reaction of 4-aminoacetophenone with salicylaldehyde and P-bromoaniline.Results: The structures of the new metal ion complexes were characterized by elemental microanalysis (C.H.N), Fourier transform infrared, ultra violet-visible spectra, thermal gravimetric analysis-differential thermal gravimetric, flame atomic absorption, molar conductivity, magnetic susceptibility measurement, and mass spectra. According to the obtained data, the probable coordination geometries of these complexes were suggested as octahedral excepted C5 was pyramidal. All complexes were found to be non-electrolyte.Conclusion: The anticancer activity was screened against human cancer cell such brain cancer cells (AMJM), cervical cancer cells (HeLa), ovarian cancer cells (SKOV-3), and breast cancer cells (MCF-7). The results indicate that the metal ion complexes show increase cytotoxicity in proliferation to cell lines as compared to the free ligand. Antioxidant activities were shown the ligand, and their complexes have high reactivity.
3rd International Conference on Academic and Industrial Innovations: Transitions in Pharmaceutical, Medical and Biosciences (22-23 Oct 2018)
Authors: B A
Published: November 2018

INNOPHARM 3
A Three Area Interconnected Power System Network Load Frequency Controller Simulator
Authors: Muritala Ibrahim Olawale , Mu’azu M B , Adedokun E A
Published: November 2018

This paper presents a MATLAB simulator of a three area interconnected power system of Thermal-Gas-Hydro. Nonlinearities intrinsic in the interconnected power system of communication delay, Generation Rate Constraint and Generation Dead Band were measured. Bat Inspired Algorithm was exploited to select the favourable parameters of the Model Predictive Controller and the Super Conducting Magnetic Energy Storage. Model Predictive Controller was the subordinate controller employed to minimalize the Area Control Error, Super Conducting Magnetic Energy Storage was the energy buffer to balance the load demand and the power generated. Integral Time Absolute Error was the performance metrics employed to minimize the Area Control Error. Parametric dissimilarity was tested on the inter-connected power system to observe the efficacy of the controller. Step load perturbation of  was concurrently applied to the three-area inter-connected network,  was introduced to the thermal generating unit,  was introduced to the gas and hydro generating unit.  Value of the tie-line was introduced to examine its effect on the frequency deviation. The results performed better when compared with Model Predictive Controller joined with Super Conducting Magnetic Energy Storage against the Model Predictive Controller without Super Conducting Magnetic Energy Storage in relations to settling time, overshoot and undershoot.
An Election Energy Threshold Based Multi-Hop Routing Protocol in a Grid-Clustered Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Dadah Funom Samuel , Ore-Ofe Ajayi , Usman Aliyu D , Mshelia Y A , Babatunde M O
Published: November 2018

Owing to the limited energy of sensor nodes (SNs) in a wireless sensor network (WSN), it is important to reduce and balance the energy consumption of the SNs in order to extend the WSN lifetime. Clustering mechanism is a highly efficient and effective mechanism for minimizing the amount of energy that SNs consume during the transmission of data packets. In this paper, an election energy threshold based multi-hop routing protocol (mEEMRP) is presented. In order to minimize energy consumption, this routing protocol uses grid clustering, where the network field is divided into grid clusters. SNs in each grid cluster select a cluster head (CH) based on a weight factor that takes the node location, node’s residual energy (RE) as well as the node’s distance from the base station into consideration. An energy efficient multi-hop routing algorithm is adopted during the transmission of data packets from the cluster heads (CHs) to the base station (BS). This multi-hop routing algorithm uses an election energy threshold value, T­nhCH that takes into consideration the RE of CHs as well as the distance between CHs. Simulation results show a 1.77% and 10.65% improvement in terms of network lifetime for two network field scenarios over Energy Efficient Multi-hop Routing Protocol (EEMRP).
Purchase Recommendation and Product Inventory Management using Content Based Filtering with Sequential Pattern Mining Approach
Authors: Raharja Aditya Cipta , Sitanggang Imas Sukaesih , Buono Agus
Published: November 2018

Today, the product sales at XYZ Bookstore are increase in accordance to the trend in society. In that case, high sales must be supported by good supply and on target. Product sold based on needs of consumers will make possibility to achieve high sales. Using the Sequential Pattern Mining approach, we can specify sales patterns of products in relation to another products. SPADE (Sequential Pattern Discovery using Equivalence classes) is an algorithm that can be used to find sequential patterns in a large database. This algorithm finds frequent sequences of the sales transaction data using database vertical and join process of the sequence. The results of SPADE algorithm is frequent sequences which are used to form the rules. Those can be used as predictors of other items that will be purchased by consumers in the future. The result of this study is a lot of unique sequence appears that can provide the best advice for Merchandiser Officer, for example, there are 1.468 sequences that prove the customer who bought the product in Children’s Book category will always bought the same thing in the others day. This research produce some recommendation, one of the recommendation is Children's Book category has a very high chance of being a Best Seller for a long time so that the purchasing officer on XYZ bookstore should ensure that the product's supply of the category is always safe throughout the year. It means SPADE is successfully used to provide the advice and Merchandiser Officer must ensure the stock of that product is always available to avoid Lost Sales.
Genetic Algorithm Application for Navigation System on Virtual Shop
Authors: Syahputra Andi Nagoro , Kholimi Ali Sofyan , Husniah Lailatul
Published: November 2018

Online shop becomes one of the updated common types of shop in the era of rapidly grown technology development, yet this system provides its drawbacks. One of the problems which commonly found is a great deal of scamming practices for profit-oriented aims. Virtual shop is defined as a virtual reality application allowing its user to experience shopping in virtual world. A navigation system is required to enable its users in finding out the expected product. Genetic algorithm is one of many search algorithms based on natural selection and natural genetics. On this algorithm, data and string are executed through process of selection to generate problem solving solution. Using this algorithm, the navigation system is proved to be successful on generating path leading to expected product in the virtual shop.
Fuzzy Logic Control Design in Hybrid Energy Storage System Super-Capacitor Battery for Electric Vehicle
Authors: Dhia Thomi , Mardiyah Nur Alif , Nurhadi Nurhadi
Published: November 2018

HESS is a suitable technology when applied to electric cars. One application is in SUV (Sport Utility Vehicle) car. The use of Supercapacitors can reduce the excess of load on the battery. Uneven soil contours cause current spike and drop in battery voltage which can reduce battery lifetime. This journal presents a simulated study of HESS batteries and Supercapacitors in SUV cars. Fuzzy-based energy management strategies and threshold control are introduced. The simulation study shows the difference between the control using the number of climb data and not, and the Fuzzy control response to the demand load. The simulation results mention the reduction of the maximum current and the battery voltage drop according to the load. The total energy ratio used between the two controls is also presented.
Game Development to Introduce Indonesian Traditional Weapons using MDA Framework
Authors: Husniah Lailatul , Fannani Firdaus , Kholimi Ali Sofyan , Kristanto Andika Eko
Published: November 2018

It is unfortunate that more and more youths are less concerned and are not interested in acquainting and studying Indonesian traditional culture, especially concerning on traditional Indonesian weapons. This fact is noticed from data as collected from several bookstores including online bookstores which the number of books on traditional weapons originating from abroad as published in Indonesia has a significant comparison compared to books on traditional weapons from Indonesia, in a stagerring 1:7 comparisson. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a media that can generate interest in couriosly learning about Indonesian culture, especially when introducing traditional Indonesian weapons. This research was conducted to develop a media in the form of android games that can be applied for the introduction of Indonesian culture, especially traditional weapons. The employed method of game development is the MDA Framework. Evaluation was carried out by using the Playtesting Evaluation and Gameflow methods. The evaluation results related to the concentration of players during game playing presents that the game has given a lot of encouragement to players to play games in several aspects of: game graphics, game sound, game stories, gameplay, simple interfaces, and completion of missions and main objectives regarding traditional Indonesian weapons, trigerring the player interest in playing this game and to maintain their focus throughout the game. In overal, the evaluation results using playtesting evaluation and Gameflow test depicts that a rating above average with an overall rating of 3.61 (72.18%) and the game Mystical Weapon of Nusantara can be accommodated as a medium for the introduction of traditional Indonesian weapons as indicated by the probability of a t-test of 1,169x10-19 which is far below the value of α = 0.05. Thus, it is concluded that there is an improvement in user knowledge, as well as the value of respondent answer showing above the average, which is 3.83 (76.67%).
Use of CNG as Autofuel in Nigeria
Authors: Ubani Chikwendu , Ikpaisong Ubong
Published: November 2018

Natural gas is a clean-burning, safe fuel that can save you money at the pump while benefitting the environment and reducing Nigeria’s dependence on petroleum. It is a naturally occurring mixture of gaseous hydrocarbon, non-gaseous non-hydrocarbons and gaseous non-hydrocarbons found in underground reservoir rocks either on its own (non-associated gas) or in association with crude oil (associated gas). Natural gas is today accepted as one of the best sources of energy for the world and for the future because of its environmentally-friendly nature compared to other kinds of fossil fuels. Nigeria is ranked as the seventh most natural gas endowed nation in the world and relaxes on number one spot in Africa as she seats on about one hundred and eighty-eight trillion cubic feet of natural gas deposits.Current opportunities to utilize gas in Nigeria include: Gas to reinjection schemes, Gas to power schemes, Gas to petrochemicals (as feedstock), LNG-Liquefied Natural Gas, LPG- Liquefied Petroleum Gas, and CNG- Compressed Natural Gas. The use of CNG as auto fuel in Nigeria presents so much benefits as have been highlighted in this paper with emphasis on the economic advantage. Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) is a product of compressing natural gas to one hundredth the volume it occupies at standard atmospheric pressure.A comprehensive economic analysis to determine the cost savings from driving a car on CNG against PMS considered the case of a motorist who covers an average of 100 km every day in the approximately thirty days that make a month was employed. Results established that running a car on CNG amounts to saving N1 143 daily and N34 284 monthly, the cost of converting the car from PMS - driven to CNG - driven is recovered before the end of the sixth month. From the sixth month to the end of the first year, savings of N211 402 is made. Savings of N411 408 is enjoyed each year after the first year.Running vehicles on CNG will greatly reduce the friction and troubles encountered in importing fuel into the country. This will also cut down largely the hardly available foreign exchange expended in bringing in PMS for fuelling vehicles. To this end, the Nigerian Government should as a matter of national development ensure legal and regulatory framework encompassing both technical and commercial aspects for natural gas utilization in Nigeria. Worthy of note is the aspect of gas gathering, gas transmission and distribution which will further encourage the planting of CNG refuelling stations that will serve the expected large fleet of natural gas vehicles. Currently, Green Gas Limited, a joint venture between Nigeria Gas Company (NGC) a Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) and NIPCO Plc. that has nine operational CNG refuelling stations and others under construction is the only company driving the CNG revolution in the country.
A Novel DRAM Cell Structure with Parasitic Storage Capacitance for SoCs on SoI Wafer in 65nm Planar MOS Technology
Authors: Malleshaiah G. V. , Srinivasaiah H. C.
Published: November 2018

A novel 65nm Dynamic Random access memory (DRAM) cell, namely capacitor less RectFET based DRAM cell (CLRDC)  is explored in silicon-on-insulator (SoI) wafer for embedded-DRAM (eDRAM) for system-on-chip (SoC), applications with Rectangular FET (RectFET) as its pass-transistor (PT). This CLRDC exploits its parasitic surround buried oxide capacitance (SBC) of SoI-wafer around RectFET (source) for realizing its ‘charge storage capacitance (Cs). For Cs=30fF (femtoFarad) target, it’s found to need an area factor of 4.3µm2 with 5nm thick SoI buried-oxide. This SoI wafer is explored to yield a capacitance density Cbuox=6.91 fF/µm2. The DC parameters of the PT are found to be very sensitive to process anneal temperature (Ta) and so are its DC characteristics too. A 2% increase in the Ta from a nominal 1000oC has resulted in an increase of 30% and 1.1% in the RectFET’s leakage (Idsat-off=I-off) and on-state (Idsat-on=I-on) currents respectively. The CLRDC cell transfer ratio T is also found to be a function of small signal frequency (f), Ta, and source/drain bias voltages Vs/Vd, respectively. And finally the retention characteristics of this CLRDC is again found to be a function of I-off and I-on currents of RectFET, when studied at RectFET’s (drain) supply voltage VDD=1.2V.
Parametric Study on the Response of Composite Single Piles to Lateral Load by Numerical Simulation (FDM)
Authors: Owino Alex Otieno , Hossain Zakaria , Shiau Jim
Published: November 2018

This paper entails a detailed numerical and parametric study on the lateral behavior of piles in foundation designs. Single-piles are one of the major components of a foundation as they act as the primary component in the transmission of the weights above the structure into the ground for stability to be attained. For this reason, a detailed study on the influence generated on the p-y curves is mandatory to create a numerically valid model for use in the process of foundation design without much ado. Modeling procedure under consideration employs the use of the finite difference method (FMD) embedded in FLAC2D. FDM is used to implement a solution to the coded input for example soil and pile element parameters. The model validation process done in this paper involves the variation of some of the critical parameters such as the variation on the type of soil in the area under consideration. Next, modification of the elastic modulus of the given soil as a check on the cohesiveness, change on the loading velocity at the top of the pile, a variation of the pile material stiffness and the difference of the pile eccentricity. The results obtained from the p-y curves generated from the parameters undergo sifting through for any effects on the ultimate loading capacity of the pile to the allowed design loading limits upon full structural installation. This variation is necessary for the approval of the validity of the model in engineering design. The parametric study from this study shows that the structure is of functional strength and a tolerable factor of safety.
Transient Stability Analysis of a System of Two Machines Connected to an Infinite Bus
Authors: Onah Aniagboso John
Published: November 2018

Abstract The term large disturbance is often used in place of system collapse. It is the process by which the series of events accompanying voltage instability, frequency instability, and transient instability leads to a blackout or abnormally low voltages in a significant part of the power system. Large disturbance may be due to tripping of the lines on an account of fault or increase in load than the available supply. Transient stability deals with the effect of large and sudden disturbances in the system, while steady-state Stability deals with the effect of small disturbances in the system. Small disturbance can be a change in the gain of the automatic voltage regulator in the excitation system of a large generating unit. This paper studies the effect of a large disturbance in a power system. The system is represented by a two-machine system connected to an infinite bus. This study involves the effects of the fault on the speed of the rotor of the synchronous generator. Two cases were investigated: firstly, when fault occurred on a bus, and secondly, when fault occurred on the middle of a line. The conditions of the network before, during and after the fault are established in this paper. The equal area criterion was applied to the swing curves obtained to predict the critical clearing time of the system. The critical clearing time was found to lie between 0.20s and 0.225s if the fault occurred on the bus, and lies between 0.245s and 0.355s if the fault occurred at the middle of a line. Thus the system is more transiently stable in the second case than in the first. Machine 1 was less stable in the first case, while machine 2 was less stable in the second case. The critical clearing time is essential to the design of proper relaying schemes for fault clearing.