bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combined effects of dietary faba bean water extract and vitamin K3 on growth performance, textural quality, intestinal characteristics, oxidative and immune responses in grass carp
Authors: Li Yichao , Chen Bin , Zhang Junming , Wang Guangjun , Gong Wangbao , Tian Jingjing , Li Hongyan , Zhang Kai , Xia Yun , Li Zhifei , Xie Jun , Yu Ermeng
Published: July 2023

Faba bean water extract (FBW) and vitamin K3 (VK3) have been demonstrated to improve the muscle textural quality of fish. To better apply these two feed additives in commercial aquaculture setting, four experimental diets (control, commercial feed group; 15% FBW, 15% faba bean water extract group; 2.5% VK3, 2.5% vitamin K3 group; combined group, 15% faba bean water extract + 2.5% vitamin K3 group) were formulated to explore their combined effects of FBW and VK3 on the growth, health status, and muscle textural quality of grass carp. The growth performance, textural quality, intestinal characteristics, and oxidative and immune responses were analyzed on days 40, 80 and 120. The results showed that supplementation with higher doses of FBW and VK3 have no influence on growth-related parameters and immune parameters of grass carp. Notably, compared with the control, fish in the combined group had the highest textural qualities (hardness, chewiness and adhesiveness), followed by those in 15% FBW and 2.5% VK3 groups (P < 0.05). Also, FBW and VK3, to some extent, may lower antioxidative ability of grass carp, as illustrated by lower levels of GSH and CAT in 15% FBW, 2.5% VK3, and combined groups on day 120 (P < 0.05). In addition, enhanced lipase activity was observed in the 15% FBW group. Taken together, the combined supplementation of FBW and VK3 was demonstrated to be a more advanced option than their individual supplementation in a commercial setting owing to the resulting combined effects on both the textural quality and health status of grass carp.
Recent research progress on the correlation between metabolic syndrome and Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: Xie Qinli , He Yangjun , Zhou Danni , Jiang Yi , Deng Ying , Li Ruoqing
Published: July 2023

Background

Globally, metabolic syndrome (MS) and Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection, which have gained an epidemic status, are major challenges to human health, society, and medical professionals. Recent studies have demonstrated that MS is closely related to HP infection. Additionally, HP is an important risk factor for gastric cancer. However, systematic reviews on HP are lacking. This review aimed to summarize and analyze the potential correlation of HP infection with MS and its components, as well as the underlying mechanism, to provide reference and strategies for clinical prevention and treatment.

Methodology

Previous studies examining the correlation between HP and MS since 1990 were retrieved from the PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases. The potential correlation between HP infection and MS and its components was comprehensively analyzed. The keywords “Helicobacter pylori,” “HP,” “metabolic syndrome,” “hypertension,” “obesity,” “diabetes,” or “dyslipidemia” were used in all fields. No language restrictions were imposed.

Results

MS was strongly correlated to HP infection. The inflammatory response and inflammatory factors produced during HP infection are important etiological factors for insulin resistance and MS. The co-occurrence of long-term chronic inflammation and immune dysfunction with MS may be the predisposing factor for HP infection. MS components, such as diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity were also correlated with HP infection in one or both directions.

Conclusions

HP infection and MS may promote the pathogenesis of each other. The contribution of HP infection and MS to gastric cancer cannot be ruled out based on co-occurrence. The MS components diabetes and obesity may be bidirectionally correlated with HP infection.
Biochar's Influence on Soil Microorganisms: Understanding the Impacts and Mechanisms
Authors: Srivastava Priya , Gadi Yabi , Supriya  , Bhojendra  , Lytand Wankasaki , Singh Bal Veer , Katiyar Drishty
Published: July 2023

Biochar, the carbon-rich material produced from biomass pyrolysis, has garnered significant attention and research interest owing to its myriad of potential benefits for soil enhancement. These benefits range from increasing soil carbon storage, boosting soil fertility, to transforming and fixing pollutants in soil, all of which serve to ameliorate the overall soil environment. The impact of these improvements extends to the metabolic activities and community structure of soil microorganisms, either directly or indirectly, creating ripple effects on soil health. This paper embarks on a thorough review of biochar's effects on various soil aspects. These include the soil's physicochemical properties, such as its structure, composition, and reaction properties, and how biochar can influence these to improve the soil environment. It also explores how biochar affects enzyme activities in the soil that are crucial for various biochemical processes, as well as nutrients vital for plant growth and development. Importantly, the ability of biochar to interact with contaminants, rendering them harmless or less toxic, is examined, alongside an investigation into the related microbial activities that are influenced by these changes. This work also aims to summarise the potential mechanisms of interaction between biochar and microorganisms, providing a clearer understanding of how biochar influences the soil microbiome. It discusses the potential risks associated with biochar use, such as the release of harmful substances or unintended shifts in microbial communities, emphasizing the importance of a balanced view towards biochar application. Overall, the aim of this study is to lay a robust theoretical groundwork for future research in this field, contributing towards a better understanding and utilisation of biochar for soil enhancement and sustainable agriculture.
Influence of Macro and Micronutrients on the Yield and Quality Attributes of Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. Botrytis L.) cv. “Pusa Sharad”
Authors: Bairwa Pappu Lal , Dixit Amit , Singh Vivek
Published: July 2023

The present investigation was conducted during the Rabi seasons of 2017–18 and 2018–19 at the Horticultural Research-cum-Instructional Farm, Department of Vegetable Science, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur (C.G.). The field experiments used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications and treatments that included RDF (100%), RDF (75%), Borax (20 kg ha-1), Ammonium Molybdate (2 kg ha-1), and ZnSO4 (25 kg ha-1). During the study, various yield parameters, gross curd weight (g), net curd weight (g), curd diameter (cm) the final yield, and quality parameters, total soluble solids (oBrix), protein content in curd (%)  and ascorbic acid content in curd (mg/100g) were recorded. The experimental findings revealed that almost all the treatments showed a positive effect on yield and quality; however, a combined application of 100% RDF with Borax at 20 kg ha-1, ammonium molybdate at 2 kg ha-1, and ZnSO4 at 25 kg ha-1 was found most promising compared to the control (100% RDF). Therefore, based on the findings, it can be concluded that the application of micronutrients along with the recommended fertilizer dosage is an effective approach for enhancing the performance of cauliflower in terms of both quality and quantity.
Frontline clinical diagnosis—FTIR on pancreatic cancer
Authors: Duckworth Edward , Mortimer Matthew , Al‐Sarireh Bilal , Kanamarlapudi Venkateswarlu , Roy Debdulal
Published: July 2023

Objective

Accurate, easily accessible and economically viable cancer diagnostic tools are pivotal in improving the abysmal 5% survival rate of pancreatic cancer.

Methods

A novel, affordable, non‐invasive diagnostic method has been developed by combining measurement precision of infrared spectroscopy with classification using machine learning tools.

Results

Diagnosis accuracy as high as 90% has been achieved. The study investigated urine and blood from pancreas cancer patients and healthy volunteers, and significantly improved accuracy by focusing on sweet‐spots within blood plasma fractions containing molecules within a narrow range of molecular weights.
PROTOCOL: What is the effect of intergenerational activities on the wellbeing and mental health of children and young people?
Authors: Campbell Fiona , Whear Rebecca , Rogers Morwenna , Sutton Anthea , Barlow Jane , Booth Andrew , Tattersall Andrew , Wolstenholme Louise , Thompson‐Coon Joanna
Published: July 2023

This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objectives are as follows: this systematic review will examine the impact of intergenerational interventions on the wellbeing and mental health in children and young people and will identify areas for future research as well as key messages for service commissioners.
Efficacy of sacubitril‐valsartan and SGLT2 inhibitors in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Mo Xingchun , Lu Ping , Yang Xiaojing
Published: July 2023

Background

Sacubitril‐valsartan (SV) monotherapy has been shown to help patients with Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), but whether adding a sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) improves treatment results even more is unknown.

Hypothesis

The goal of this study was to look at the efficacy of SV with additional SGLT2i in HFrEF patients.

Methods

For this study, several databases, such as PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library, were searched. A coherent search approach was used for data extraction. Review Manager 5.2 and MedCalc were used for conducting the meta‐analysis and bias analysis. A meta‐regression study correlates patient mean age with primary and secondary outcomes.

Results

Seven trials totaling 16 100 patients were included in this meta‐analysis. All‐cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and improvement in mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were the study's major objectives, while hospitalization for heart failure (HF) was calculated to be its secondary outcome. Our analysis showed that HFrEF patients receiving the combination of SV and SGLT2i had better treatment outcomes than the standard SV monotherapy, with risk ratios of 0.76 (0.65–0.88) for all‐cause mortality, 0.65 (0.49–0.86) for cardiovascular mortality, 1.41 (−0.59 to 3.42) for change in mean LVEF, and 0.80 (0.64–1.01) for hospitalization for HF. According to the regression analysis, older HFrEF patients have higher rates of hospitalization, cardiovascular disease, and overall death.

Conclusions

The combination of SV and SGLT2i may have a greater cardiovascular protective effect and minimize the risk of death or hospitalization due to heart failure in HFrEF.
Deposition Patterns of Evaporating Sodium Alginate Sessile Droplets Cross‐Linked by Calcium Chloride
Authors: Biglari Ghazal , Saberi Maedeh , Issakhani Shervin , Jadidi Omid , Farhadi Jafar , Bazargan Vahid , Marengo Marco
Published: July 2023

Controllable patterning of bio‐compatible polymers in the presence of a cross‐linker in evaporating bi‐dispersed colloidal drops is of critical importance in functional coatings, bioprinting, and food packaging. This study investigates the effect of calcium chloride and sodium alginate concentration on the evaporative deposition and elemental distribution of dried‐out patterns. Different concentrations of alginate and salt in aqueous solutions are deposited on clean glass substrates to gain a deeper understanding of the final structures. Overall, the results indicate that changing the concentrations of sodium alginate and calcium chloride can significantly alter the elemental distribution and deposition uniformity of the final patterns. The modifications in relative concentration alter the physicochemical characteristics of the solution, resulting in significant changes in the pinning time and contact angle of the droplets that correspond to the alteration of the colloidal size and concentration, ultimately resulting in significant differences in deposition patterns. The dried‐out patterns are categorized based on their structures and mechanisms (crystallization, sedimentation, and adsorption) controlling the evaporative deposition, and then justified based on the competitive effects of cross‐linking, crystallization, and evaporation‐driven flows. Using scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, the elemental distribution of dried‐out patterns is also mapped to substantiate the discussion made.
Escaping from the identity enclave: Social inclusion events and floating migrants' settlement intention in China
Authors: Nie Xuanyi , Han Mo , Yang Dingliang
Published: July 2023

China has undergone unprecedented waves of internal migration over the past decades. However, the discriminatory hukou system puts migrants into an ‘identity enclave’ which challenges migrants' perception of place and identity, thus reducing their settlement intention. In the meantime, existing literature has also highlighted the positive roles of social bonds and social networks in migrants' decision to stay. Based on the theories of social capital, this research explores the relationship between migrants' participation in social inclusion events (SIE) and their intention to stay (ITS) in host cities. Drawing data from the 2017 China Migrants Dynamic Survey (CMDS), this research constructs a multistep model and uses the self‐perceived inclusion level to examine this relationship. This work also differentiates between bonding social capital and bridging social capital and separately examines the relationship in low‐, mid‐, and high‐skill groups. The results show that participating in SIE helps with migrants' ITS. Particularly, it also helps migrants to feel more included, which is an important trigger for them to stay. The findings could be informative for scholars and policymakers to understand the means and approaches for migrants in China to become more integrated into their host places.
The dual of a tidal force in the D1D5 CFT
Authors: Guo Bin , Hampton Shaun
Published: July 2023

Abstract

It was demonstrated that a string probe falling radially within a superstratum geometry would experience tidal forces. These tidal forces were shown to excite the string by converting its kinetic energy into stringy excitations. Using the AdS/CFT correspondence we seek to understand this behavior from the perspective of the dual D1D5 CFT. To study this process we turn on an interaction of the theory which is described by a deformation operator. We start with an initial state which is dual to a graviton probe moving within the superstratum geometry. We then use two deformation operators to compute transition amplitudes between this state and a final state that corresponds to stringy excitations. We show that this amplitude grows as t2 with t being the amount of time for which the deformation operators are turned on. We argue that this process in the CFT is suggestive of the tidal effects experienced by the probe propagating within the dual superstratum geometry.
An integrated microfluidic-based biosensor using a magnetically controlled MNPs-enzyme microreactor to determine cholesterol in serum with fluorometric detection
Authors: Román-Pizarro Vanesa , Écija-Arenas Ángela , Fernández-Romero Juan M.
Published: July 2023

This work provides a microfluidic-based biosensor to determine total cholesterol in serum based on integrating the reaction/detection zone of a microfluidic chip of a magnetically retained enzyme microreactor (MREµR) coupled with the remote fluorometric detection through a bifurcated fiber-optic bundle (BFOB) connected with a conventional spectrofluorometer. The method is based on developing the enzymatic hydrolysis and oxidation of cholesterol at microscale size using both enzymes (cholesterol esterase (ChE) and cholesterol oxidase (ChOx)) immobilized on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). The biocatalyst reactions were followed by monitoring the fluorescence decreasing by the naphtofluorescein (NF) oxidation in the presence of the previous H2O2 formed. This microfluidic biosensor supposes the physical integration of a minimal MREµR as a bioactive enzyme area and the focused BFOB connected with the spectrofluorometer detector. The MREµR was formed by a 1 mm length of magnetic retained 2:1 ChE-MNP/ChOx-MNP mixture. The dynamic range of the calibration graph was 0.005–10 mmol L−1, expressed as total cholesterol concentration with a detection limit of 1.1 µmol L−1 (r2 = 0.9999, sy/x = 0.03, n = 10, r = 3). The precision expressed as the relative standard deviation (RSD%) was between 1.3 and 2.1%. The microfluidic-based biosensors showed a sampling frequency estimated at 30 h−1. The method was applied to determine cholesterol in serum samples with recovery values between 94.8 and 102%. The results of the cholesterol determination in serum were also tested by correlation with those obtained using the other two previous methods.

Graphical abstract
Preoperative higher right ventricular stroke work index increases the risk of de novo aortic insufficiency after continuous-flow left ventricular assist device implantation
Authors: Maeda Shusaku , Toda Koichi , Shimamura Kazuo , Nakamoto Kei , Igeta Masataka , Sakata Yasushi , Sawa Yoshiki , Miyagawa Shigeru
Published: July 2023

During continuous-flow left ventricular assist device (CF-LVAD) support, hemodynamic shear stress causes a burden on aortic valve (AV) leaflets, leading to de novo aortic insufficiency (AI). This study investigated the influence of preoperative hemodynamic parameters on de novo AI in CF-LVAD recipients. We reviewed 125 patients who underwent CF-LVAD implantation without concomitant AV surgery between 2005 and 2018. De novo AI was defined as moderate or severe AI in those with none or trivial preoperative AI. During mean 30 ± 16 months of CF-LVAD support, de novo AI-free rate was 86% and 67% at 1 and 2 years, respectively. Multivariable analysis showed that higher right ventricular stroke work index (RVSWI) (hazard ratio, 1.12 /g/m2/beat; 95% confidence interval, 1.00–1.20; p = 0.047) and trivial grade AI (hazard ratio, 2.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.2–6.4; p = 0.020) were independent preoperative risk factors for de novo AI. The longitudinal analysis using generalized mixed effects model showed that higher RVSWI was associated with continuous AV closure after LVAD implantation (Odd ratio, 1.20/g/m2/beat; 95% confidence interval, 1.00–1.43 /g/m2/beat; p = 0.047). Right heart catheterization revealed that preoperative RVSWI was positively correlated with postoperative pump flow index in patients with continuously closed AV (r = 0.44, p = 0.04, n = 22). Preoperative higher RVSWI was a significant risk factor for de novo AI following CF-LVAD implantation. In patients with preserved right ventricular function, postoperative higher pump flow may affect AI development via hemodynamic stress on the AV.
Urban Firefighting Drones: Precise Throwing from UAV
Authors: Perez-Saura David , Fernandez-Cortizas Miguel , Perez-Segui Rafael , Arias-Perez Pedro , Campoy Pascual
Published: July 2023

In recent years, the use of unmanned aerial vehicles has spread across different fields of the industry due to their ease of deployment and minimal operational risk. Firefighting is a dangerous task for the humans involved, in which the use of UAVs presents itself as a good first-action protocol for a rapid response to an incipient fire because of their safety and speed of action. Current research is mainly focused on wildland fires, but fires in urban environments are barely mentioned in the bibliography. To motivate the research on this topic, ICUAS’22 organized an international competition inspired by this mission, with the challenge of a UAV traversing an area populated by obstacles, finding a target, and precisely throwing a ball to it. For this competition, the Computer Vision and Aerial Robotics (CVAR-UPM) team developed a solution composed of multiple modules and structured by a mission planner. In this paper, we describe our approach and the developed architecture that led us to be awarded the first prize in the competition.
Naringin and naringenin counteract taxol-induced liver injury in Wistar rats via suppression of oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation
Authors: Khaled Shimaa S. , Soliman Hanan A. , Abdel-Gabbar Mohammed , Ahmed Noha A. , El-Nahass El-Shaymaa , Ahmed Osama M.
Published: July 2023

This research aimed to evaluate the preventing effects of naringin, naringenin, and their combination on liver injury induced by Taxol (paclitaxel) in Wistar rats. Male Wistar rats received 2 mg/kg Taxol intraperitoneal injections twice weekly on the second and fifth days of each week for 6 weeks. During the same period as Taxol administration, rats were given naringin, naringenin, or a combination of the two (10 mg/kg b.wt) every other day. Treatment with naringin and/or naringenin reduced the abnormally high serum levels of total bilirubin, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase in Taxol-treated rats. It also significantly increased the level of serum albumin, indicating an improvement in the liver. The perturbed histological liver changes were markedly improved due to the naringin and/or naringenin treatment in Taxol-administered rats. Additionally, the treatments reduced high hepatic lipid peroxidation and increased liver glutathione content as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. Furthermore, the treatments reduced the levels of alpha-fetoprotein and caspase-3, a pro-apoptotic mediator. The naringin and naringenin mixture appeared more effective in improving organ function and structural integrity. In conclusion, naringin and naringenin are suggested to employ their hepatoprotective benefits via boosting the body’s antioxidant defense system, reducing inflammation, and suppressing apoptosis.

Graphical Abstract
Brain–Computer Interfaces, Completely Locked-In State in Neurodegenerative Diseases, and End-of-Life Decisions
Authors: Poppe Christopher , Elger Bernice S.
Published: July 2023

In the future, policies surrounding end-of-life decisions will be faced with the question of whether competent people in a completely locked-in state should be enabled to make end-of-life decisions via brain-computer interfaces (BCI). This article raises ethical issues with acting through BCIs in the context of these decisions, specifically self-administration requirements within assisted suicide policies. We argue that enabling patients to end their life even once they have entered completely locked-in state might, paradoxically, prolong and uphold their quality of life.
Habitat heterogeneity enhances megafaunal biodiversity at bathymetric elevations in the Clarion Clipperton Fracture Zone
Authors: Uhlenkott Katja , Simon-Lledó Erik , Vink Annemiek , Martínez Arbizu Pedro
Published: July 2023

The Clarion Clipperton Fracture Zone (CCZ) in the northeast Pacific is a heterogeneous deep-sea environment, featuring abyssal plains as well as multiple seamounts and abyssal hills (bathymetric elevations) that harbour a highly diverse megabenthic fauna. Based on the analysis of seafloor photographic transects that were taken from elevated areas downslope into the abyssal plains in the eastern CCZ, a similar distribution of habitats was observed on five different bathymetric elevations including abyssal hills as well as the foothills of two seamounts. Rock outcrops occur at the summits, surrounded by an area with varying coverage and size of polymetallic nodules, which were divided into two different habitats characterized by large and small nodules, respectively, and followed by nodule-free sediments. Megafauna composition, density and diversity varies across these habitats. While density is the highest in areas with rock outcrops (1.4 individuals per m2), the biodiversity is the highest when regarding all of the habitats combined. Regarded individually, nodule-covered areas are the most diverse, whereas sediment areas without hard substratum, i.e. nodule free sediments, show the lowest biodiversity and the lowest density (0.2 individuals per m2). The multinomial species classification method (CLAM) shows that most of the observed megafauna morphotypes have to be regarded as rare. The large differences between the megafaunal communities at bathymetric elevations and the abyssal plain reported from previous studies might partly be explained by the multiplicity of habitats. This high heterogeneity can lead to a more diversified community at elevations, although most habitats can also be observed in the abyssal plain.
Regioselective three-component synthesis and theoretical calculations of new alkane-linked bis(thiazol-2(3H)-imine) hybrids: a DFT-based FMO and local reactivity indices
Authors: Ahmed Mohamed S. Mohamed , Mekky Ahmed E. M. , Sanad Sherif M. H.
Published: July 2023

A three-component approach was conducted to adeptly prepare a new series of (Z)-bis(N-phenylthiazol-2(3H)-imines. The newly synthesized compounds were prepared by refluxing a ternary mixture of phenyl isothiocyanate, the suitable α-bromoketones, and alkane-linked diamines in ethanol. Reaction conditions were optimized by comparing the yield of the final product under various bases, solvents, temperatures, and base-to-starting-materials molar ratios. The intended hybrids were produced with 85–96% yields while using ethanol at 80 °C for 3–5 h in the presence of anhydrous sodium acetate. The ascribed configuration of new products as well as the regioselectivity of the one-pot reaction were confirmed using both spectral data (1D and 2D NMR) and DFT-calculation techniques.

Graphical abstract
Vegetation dynamics and its driving factors in agro-climatic zones of Upper Bhima Sub-basin, Western India
Authors: Londhe D. S. , Katpatal Y. B. , Mukesh M. S. , Bokde N. D.
Published: July 2023

Climate change is a key threat to biodiversity and ecosystems. The impacts of climate change on vegetation must be evaluated to control the sustainability of the ecosystem. Precipitation and temperature are the most important climatic parameters affecting vegetation growth. It is important to analyze the spatial and temporal variations of vegetation under changing climatic parameters to envisage the response to the regional ecosystem. In this study, variation of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index over five different agro-climatic zones in the Upper Bhima Sub-basin from 2003 to 2013 was analyzed to find the effect of climatic and hydrological variables on vegetation dynamics. The correlation analysis has been performed by using the Pearson correlation method and Geographical Detector Model. Taylor diagrams are generated to highlight the variation in the correlation values of NDVI with other variables. Results show that precipitation and temperature are key parameters for the growth of the vegetation, but Western Ghat Zone shows contradictory results. To identify the reasons behind contradictory results in the Western Ghat Zone, hydrological parameters such as soil moisture, terrestrial water storage and groundwater levels are analyzed. NDVI shows a positive correlation with precipitation in Water Scarcity Zone, and Assured Rainfall Zone with correlation values 0.37, and 0.462 respectively, but, in the Western Ghat Zone, NDVI has a negative correlation (− 0.38) though more than average precipitation occurs in that region. The result of the Geographical Detector Model reveals that the terrestrial water storage and precipitation are dominant factors affecting vegetation in WGZ and WSZ, respectively.
Exploring the variability of sarcopenia prevalence in a research population using different disease definitions
Authors: Cegielski Jessica , Bass Joseph J. , Willott Ruth , Gordon Adam L. , Wilkinson Daniel J. , Smith Ken , Atherton Philip J. , Phillips Bethan E.
Published: July 2023

Background

Sarcopenia is the progressive loss of muscle mass and function with age. A number of different sarcopenia definitions have been proposed and utilised in research. This study aimed to investigate how the prevalence of sarcopenia in a research cohort of older adults is influenced by the use of independent aspects of these different definitions.

Methods

Data from 255 research participants were compiled. Defining criteria by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People, the International Working Group on Sarcopenia (IWGS), and the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health were applied.

Results

Prevalence of sarcopenia using muscle mass ranged from 4 to 22%. Gait speed and handgrip strength criteria identified 4–34% and 4–16% of participants as sarcopenic, respectively.

Conclusion

Prevalence of sarcopenia differs substantially depending on the criteria used. Work is required to address the impact of this for sarcopenia research to be usefully translated to inform on clinical practice.
Intelligenza artificiale nella diagnostica del nodulo tiroideo
Authors: Barp Samuele , Grani Giorgio
Published: July 2023

Sommario

La diagnostica del nodulo tiroideo si basa su ecografia ed esame citologico, gravati da variabilità interosservatore, malgrado l’adozione di sistemi classificativi. Sistemi di supporto alla diagnosi basati su intelligenza artificiale possono migliorare concordanza e performance diagnostica. Tali software, alcuni in commercio, possiedono una resa diagnostica sovrapponibile a quella degli esperti (il cui giudizio non risulta migliorato) e possono essere un supporto per i clinici meno esperti e durante la formazione.
How intelligent automation, service robots, and AI will reshape service products and their delivery
Authors: Wirtz Jochen , Pitardi Valentina
Published: July 2023

Intelligent Automation in form of robots, smart self-service technologies, wearable technologies, software and systems such as machine learning, generative artificial intelligence (AI) such as ChatGPT, and the metaverse are increasingly adopted in a wide range of customer-facing service settings. The shift toward robot- and AI-powered services will lead to improved customer experiences, service quality, and productivity all at the same time. However, these also carry ethical, fairness, and privacy risks for customers and society. In this opinion piece, we discuss the implications of the service revolution for service firms, their marketing, and their customers, and provide avenues for future research opportunities.
Wenn der Magen „nicht mehr richtig schafft“
Authors: Bravo Francisco , Lenglinger Johannes , Borbely Yves , Wiest Reiner
Published: July 2023

Verzögerte Magenentleerung ohne nachweisbare Obstruktion oder Ulzeration verbunden mit typischen Leitsymptomen – so lautet die Definition der Gastroparese. Als Leitsymptome gelten Übelkeit und Erbrechen. Zudem sind häufig ein frühes Sättigungs- und Völlegefühl, Blähungen und Oberbauchschmerzen assoziiert. Am häufigsten ist die idiopathische Gastroparese, gefolgt von der diabetischen und postoperativen Form. In dieser Übersicht wollen wir zunächst einen Überblick zur Epidemiologie, Pathophysiologie sowie den Ursachen und Risikofaktoren der Gastroparese geben. Ferner soll eine praxisnahe Zusammenfassung der konservativen Therapiemassnahmen (Ernährungsempfehlungen und pharmakologisches Armentarium), aber auch der zunehmend zum Einsatz kommenden interventionellen Verfahren gegeben werden. Schliesslich präsentieren wir einen Behandlungsalgorithmus als möglichen Therapiepfad für dieses komplexe Krankheitsbild.
Responsible artificial intelligence in human resources management: a review of the empirical literature
Authors: Bujold Antoine , Roberge-Maltais Isabelle , Parent-Rocheleau Xavier , Boasen Jared , Sénécal Sylvain , Léger Pierre-Majorique
Published: July 2023

As it is the case for many business processes and activities disciplines, artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly integrated in human resources management (HRM). While AI has great potential to augment the HRM activities in organizations, automating the management of humans is not without risks and limitations. The identification of these risks is fundamental to promote responsible use of AI in HRM. We thus conducted a review of the empirical academic literature across disciplines on the affordances and responsible principles of AI in HRM. This is the first review of responsible AI in HRM that focuses solely on studies containing observations, measurements, and tests about this phenomenon. The multi-domain and multidisciplinary approach and empirical focus provides a better understanding of the reality of the development, study, and deployment of AI in HRM and sheds light on how these are conducted responsibly. We conclude with a call for research based on what we identified as the most needed and promising avenues.
The functions of natural theology in Thomas Aquinas: A presumption of atheism?
Authors: Huneeus Clemente
Published: July 2023

Antony Flew argued for a ‘presumption of atheism’ that intended to put the philosophical debate about God under a light which demands setting the meaningfulness and logical coherence of the theistic notion of ‘God’ before any arguments for His existence are suggested. This way of proceeding, discussing divine attributes before considering the arguments for the existence of God, became dominant in analytic philosophy of religion. Flew also stated that Aquinas presented his five ways as an attempt to defeat such a presumption of atheism. However, Aquinas proceeds in the reverse order, beginning with God's existence before discussing the divine attributes. He does so because he believes that natural knowledge of God must be drawn from creatures. Accordingly, from the Thomist perspective, natural theology is necessary not because it provides rational justification for religious belief in God's existence, but rather as a means to fix the referent for the word ‘God’ (semantic function) and provide an intelligible account of the divine nature (hermeneutic function). We should also acknowledge a correlative hermeneutic function of religious faith. Therefore, natural theology should not begin from a presumption of atheism nor proceed in the way suggested by Flew, because its main intention is not strictly apologetical.
Cancer cell employs a microenvironmental neural signal trans-activating nucleus-mitochondria coordination to acquire stemness
Authors: He Bin , Gao Rui , Lv Shasha , Chen Ailin , Huang Junxiu , Wang Luoxuan , Feng Yunxiu , Feng Jiesi , Liu Bing , Lei Jie , Deng Bing , He Bin , Cui Bai , Peng Fei , Yan Min , Wang Zifeng , Lam Eric W-F , Jin Bilian , Shao Zhiming , Li Yulong , Jiao Jianwei , Wang Xi , Liu Quentin
Published: July 2023

Cancer cell receives extracellular signal inputs to obtain a stem-like status, yet how tumor microenvironmental (TME) neural signals steer cancer stemness to establish the hierarchical tumor architectures remains elusive. Here, a pan-cancer transcriptomic screening for 10852 samples of 33 TCGA cancer types reveals that cAMP-responsive element (CRE) transcription factors are convergent activators for cancer stemness. Deconvolution of transcriptomic profiles, specification of neural markers and illustration of norepinephrine dynamics uncover a bond between TME neural signals and cancer-cell CRE activity. Specifically, neural signal norepinephrine potentiates the stemness of proximal cancer cells by activating cAMP-CRE axis, where ATF1 serves as a conserved hub. Upon activation by norepinephrine, ATF1 potentiates cancer stemness by coordinated trans-activation of both nuclear pluripotency factors MYC/NANOG and mitochondrial biogenesis regulators NRF1/TFAM, thereby orchestrating nuclear reprograming and mitochondrial rejuvenating. Accordingly, single-cell transcriptomes confirm the coordinated activation of nuclear pluripotency with mitochondrial biogenesis in cancer stem-like cells. These findings elucidate that cancer cell acquires stemness via a norepinephrine-ATF1 driven nucleus-mitochondria collaborated program, suggesting a spatialized stemness acquisition by hijacking microenvironmental neural signals.
Purkinje cell microzones mediate distinct kinematics of a single movement
Authors: Blot François G. C. , White Joshua J. , van Hattem Amy , Scotti Licia , Balaji Vaishnavi , Adolfs Youri , Pasterkamp R. Jeroen , De Zeeuw Chris I. , Schonewille Martijn
Published: July 2023

The classification of neuronal subpopulations has significantly advanced, yet its relevance for behavior remains unclear. The highly organized flocculus of the cerebellum, known to fine-tune multi-axial eye movements, is an ideal substrate for the study of potential functions of neuronal subpopulations. Here, we demonstrate that its recently identified subpopulations of 9+ and 9- Purkinje cells exhibit an intermediate Aldolase C expression and electrophysiological profile, providing evidence for a graded continuum of intrinsic properties among PC subpopulations. By identifying and utilizing two Cre-lines that genetically target these floccular domains, we show with high spatial specificity that these subpopulations of Purkinje cells participate in separate micromodules with topographically organized connections. Finally, optogenetic excitation of the respective subpopulations results in movements around the same axis in space, yet with distinct kinematic profiles. These results indicate that Purkinje cell subpopulations integrate in discrete circuits and mediate particular parameters of single movements.
Measuring climate change’s impact on different sugarcane varieties production in the South of Goiás
Authors: Da Cruz Thiago Vizine , Machado Ricardo Luiz
Published: July 2023

A crucial aspect analysed during the last years, aiming to improve sugarcane production, is the impact of climate change on sugarcane productivity. One of the strategies to mitigate climate change's impact on sugarcane yield is the development of new varieties known to positively affect crop production. This paper analysed how climate change impacts sugarcane production regarding the different planted varieties. Data regarding sugarcane harvest were collected from a cooperative in the south of Goiás state—Brazil, the second biggest national sugarcane producer. Results indicate that climate impact on sugarcane yield is irrelevant when controlling for different varieties. Considering the results presented in this work, the Brazilian government should keep the incentives for the development of new sugarcane varieties and, at the same time, spur sugarcane producers to use the new sugarcane varieties. The results imply that if the variety is correctly chosen, sugarcane can be produced without harming the environment, contributing to reaching SDG 15. Moreover, it is less probable that an adverse climatic event will destroy the planted area, preventing sugarcane producers from severe loss and contributing to achieving SDGs number 1 and 2.
A framework for comparative study of databases and computational methods for arrhythmia detection from single-lead ECG
Authors: Merdjanovska Elena , Rashkovska Aleksandra
Published: July 2023

Arrhythmia detection from ECG is an important area of computational ECG analysis. However, although a large number of public ECG recordings are available, most research uses only few datasets, making it difficult to estimate the generalizability of the plethora of ECG classification methods. Furthermore, there is a large variability in the evaluation procedures, as well as lack of insight into whether they could successfully perform in a real-world setup. To address these problems, we propose an open-source, flexible and configurable ECG classification codebase—ECGDL, as one of the first efforts that includes 9 arrhythmia datasets, covering a large number of both morphological and rhythmic arrhythmias, as well as 4 deep neural networks, 4 segmentation techniques and 4 evaluation schemes. We perform a comparative analysis along these framework components to provide a comprehensive perspective into arrhythmia classification, focusing on single-lead ECG as the most recent trend in wireless ECG monitoring. ECGDL unifies the class information representation in datasets by creating a label dictionary. Furthermore, it includes a set of the best-performing deep learning approaches with varying signal segmentation techniques and network architectures. A novel evaluation scheme, inter-patient cross-validation, has also been proposed to perform fair evaluation and comparison of results.
Anti-nanodisc antibodies specifically capture nanodiscs and facilitate molecular interaction kinetics studies for membrane protein
Authors: Nakagawa Fuhito , Kikkawa Marin , Chen Sisi , Miyashita Yasuomi , Hamaguchi-Suzuki Norie , Shibuya Minami , Yamashita Soichi , Nagase Lisa , Yasuda Satoshi , Shiroishi Mitsunori , Senda Toshiya , Ito Keisuke , Murata Takeshi , Ogasawara Satoshi
Published: July 2023

Nanodisc technology has dramatically advanced the analysis of molecular interactions for membrane proteins. A nanodisc is designed as a vehicle for membrane proteins that provide a native-like phospholipid environment and better thermostability in a detergent-free buffer. This enables the determination of the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of small molecule binding by surface plasmon resonance. In this study, we generated a nanodisc specific anti-MSP (membrane scaffold protein) monoclonal antibody biND5 for molecular interaction analysis of nanodiscs. The antibody, biND5 bound to various types of nanodiscs with sub-nanomolar to nanomolar affinity. Epitope mapping analysis revealed specific recognition of 8 amino acid residues in the exposed helix-4 structure of MSP. Further, we performed kinetics binding analysis between adenosine A2a receptor reconstituted nanodiscs and small molecule antagonist ZM241385 using biND5 immobilized sensor chips. These results show that biND5 facilitates the molecular interaction kinetics analysis of membrane proteins substituted in nanodiscs.
UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase as a target for regulating carbon flux distribution and antioxidant capacity in Phaeodactylum tricornutum
Authors: Zhang Ruihao , Zhu Baohua , Sun Changze , Li Yun , Yang Guanpin , Zhao Yan , Pan Kehou
Published: July 2023

UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGPase) is a key enzyme for polysaccharide synthesis, and its role in plants and bacteria is well established; however, its functions in unicellular microalgae remain ill-defined. Here, we perform bioinformatics, subcellular localization as well as in vitro and in vivo analyses to elucidate the functions of two UGPs (UGP1 and UGP2) in the model microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Despite differences in amino acid sequence, substrate specificity, and subcellular localization between UGP1 and UGP2, both enzymes can efficiently increase the production of chrysolaminarin (Chrl) or lipids by regulating carbon flux distribution without impairing growth and photosynthesis in transgenic strains. Productivity evaluation indicate that UGP1 play a bigger role in regulating Chrl and lipid production than UGP2. In addition, UGP1 enhance antioxidant capacity, whereas UGP2 is involved in sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG) synthesis in P. tricornutum. Taken together, the present results suggest that ideal microalgal strains can be developed for the industrial production of Chrl or lipids and lay the foundation for the development of methods to improve oxidative stress tolerance in diatoms.
In situ hypoxia modulating nano-catalase for amplifying DNA damage in radiation resistive colon tumors
Authors: Kim Subin , Sundaram Aravindkumar , Mathew Ansuja Pulickal , Hareshkumar Vasvani Shyam , Mohapatra Adityanarayan , Thomas Reju George , Bui Thinh T. M. , Moon Kyuho , Kweon Seho , Park In-Kyu , Jeong Yong Yeon
Published: July 2023

ROS-responsive nanoenzymes for transforming the radiation therapy (RT)-resistant hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME) into RT-susceptible TME.
STM studies on porphyrins and phthalocyanines at the liquid/solid interface for molecular-scale electronics
Authors: Zhang Chunmei , Zhou Xin , Zhu Chunlei , Zong Yufen , Cao Hai
Published: July 2023

Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) represents a very powerful tool to correlate the charge transport behaviours of porphyrins and phthalocyanines with ultrahigh resolution imaging.
Photogenerated charge separation at BiVO4 photoanodes enhanced by a Ag-modified porphyrin polymer skeleton
Authors: Ye Huiqin , Xiao Hui , Zhang Rongfang , Zhang Shengya , Wang Ze , Luo Wei , Xie Ruixiu , Feng Yanjun , Lu Xiaoquan
Published: July 2023

Porphyrin-phosphazene was modified with Ag NPs on BiVO4 to fabricate a photoanode. The photocurrent was three times improved due to the synergistic effect. This study provides insight into the charge transfer kinetics of the integrated photoanode by SPECM and IMPS.
One- and two-electron reductions of a bulky BODIPY compound
Authors: Pascoe Liam M. , Lim Li Feng , Kallmeier Fabian , Cox Nicholas , Brothers Penelope J. , Hicks Jamie
Published: July 2023

The redox chemistry of a bulky BODIPY compound has been investigated with products from formal one- and two-electron reduction processes isolated and characterised in the solid state.
Mechanochromic, thermoresponsive and triboluminescence behaviors of one divinyl thioxanthene based AIE luminogen with variable conformations
Authors: Xu Nengni , Xu Wenhua , Sun Meng , Yuan Yi , Luan Xinjun , Wang Ying , Wang Hui
Published: July 2023

A conformation variable thioxanthene chromophore was employed for the first time to construct a muti-stimuli-responsive luminescent material, which generates three polymorphs with distinct mechano-, thermochromic and triboluminescence behaviors.
Recent advances of bifunctional catalysts for zinc air batteries with stability considerations: from selecting materials to reconstruction
Authors: Tang Wanqi , Mai Jiarong , Liu Lili , Yu Nengfei , Fu Lijun , Chen Yuhui , Liu Yankai , Wu Yuping , van Ree Teunis
Published: July 2023

Based on recent reports of electrochemical catalysts for ZABs, we conclude that reconstruction of the structures of high-active carbon and metal composites during operation should be considered for optimization and reaching higher stability.
Annealing effect on the physical properties of TiO2 thin films deposited by spray pyrolysis
Authors: Alaya Y. , Souissi R. , Toumi M. , Madani M. , El Mir L. , Bouguila N. , Alaya S.
Published: July 2023

(a) Shape of TiO2 sample, (b) photoconductivity experimental set-up.
Low-temperature conversion of CaO-captured CO2 to CH4 over a greenly prepared Ni/CaO/Al2O3 composite under static pressure conditions
Authors: Chen Han-Qing , Guo Zhan-Kuo , Xiang Shu-Xiang , Jiang Hui-Lin , Teng Yun-Lei
Published: July 2023

CO2 capture and selective methanation were realized over a greenly prepared Ni/CaO/Al2O3 composite at as low as 200 °C under static pressure conditions.
Facile fabrication of a flexible and shape-adaptive Cd0.5Zn0.5S-based photocatalytic system and its photocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution from water
Authors: Liu Hui , Xin Luyao , Qin Lixia , Zhang Taiyang , Li Xiangqing , Kang Shi-Zhao
Published: July 2023

The development of efficient photocatalysts that can be applied under any conditions and easily reused is important from a practical point of view.
Conductive hydrogels for bioelectronics: molecular structures, design principles, and operation mechanisms
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyang , Chen Xin , Ye Zonghui , Liu Wentao , Liu Xuying , Wang Xianghong
Published: July 2023

Conductive hydrogels are promising candidates for the fabrication of bioelectronics.
Pressure effects on the electrical transport properties of benzene
Authors: Liu Hao , Wang Jia , Zhang Guozhao , Jiang Dawei , Cao Min , Gao Chunxiao , Chen Xiaojia , Han Yonghao
Published: July 2023

The increased overlap of π and π* leads to an increase in polarization of benzene under pressure. Detailed pressure-induced changes in electrical transport properties are explored.
Hard carbons: potential anode materials for potassium ion batteries and their current bottleneck
Authors: Lu Xiaoyi , Peng Handong , Liu Guoping , Qi Fangya , Shi Chenglong , Wu Sheng , Wu Yanxue , Yang Huanping , Shan Jie , Sun Zhipeng
Published: July 2023

In this review, we summarize the current mainstream research views on K+ storage mechanisms, obstacles and solutions.