bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes: a cohort study
Authors: Tang Yuchen , Li Li , Li Jialin
Published: July 2024

Background

Chronic inflammation is implicated in the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR). The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a marker of systemic inflammation that has been linked to cardiovascular and diabetic kidney diseases. However, the link between NLR and DR remains unclear. As such, this study investigated the association between NLR and DR in Chinese patients.

Method

A total of 857 adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) without DR at baseline between 2018 and 2021, from a single center in Ningbo, China, were included. Baseline clinical data, including age, sex, T2DM duration, hypertension, smoking, drinking, glycated hemoglobin level, lipid profile, renal function, and NLR, were recorded and analyzed. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to assess the association between NLR and the risk for incident DR.

Results

During a median follow-up of 3.0 years, 140 patients developed DR. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for incident DR across ascending NLR quartiles (≤1.46 [reference], 1.47–1.90, 1.91–2.45 and > 2.45) were 1.000, 1.327 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.754–2.334), 1.555 (95% CI 0.913–2.648) and 2.217 (95% CI 1.348–3.649), respectively. For each 1-standard deviation increase in NLR, the risk for DR increased by 29.2% (HR 1.292 [95% CI 1.112–1.501) after adjusting for confounding factors.

Conclusion

Results revealed that a higher NLR at baseline was associated with an increased risk for incident DR. NLR has the potential to be an inexpensive, reliable, and valuable clinical measure that merits further exploration in future studies.
Risk factors, management, and future fertility of empty follicle syndrome: a retrospective study with real-world data
Authors: Luo Zhuoye , Xu Suxin , Hao Guimin
Published: July 2024

Background

Empty follicle syndrome (EFS) is a challenging clinical problem. This study aims to identify the risk factors for EFS, to present pregnancy outcomes in both EFS cycle as well as subsequent cycles, and to summarize an effective rescue protocol to improve outcomes.

Methods

A retrospective analysis between 2016 and 2020 was conducted at our center. Stricter criteria were applied to diagnose EFS. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors for EFS. Further analyses were performed within the EFS cycle to present pregnancy outcomes and to find optimal rescue protocols. Long-term follow-up was conducted until live birth was achieved, covering at least two complete oocyte retrieval cycles.

Results

Among 14,066 patients, 54 (0.38%) were identified as EFS. Patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) had a significantly higher risk of developing EFS than non-PCOS ones (aOR = 2.67; 95% CI, 1.47 to 4.83). Within EFS patients, delaying the second oocyte retrieval by 3–6 h significantly improved the rates of obtaining oocyte (97.4% versus 58.3%, P = 0.002), getting embryo available for transfer (92.3% versus 33.3%, P < 0.001), and pregnancy (48.7% versus 8.3%, P = 0.017) compared to other delayed retrieval times. Overall, 31.5% (17/54) and 46.7% (7/15) EFS patients achieved live birth in the EFS cycle and the future cycle, respectively.

Conclusions

PCOS is an independent risk factor for EFS, indicating that longer exposure time to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) may be necessary. Delaying the second oocyte retrieval by 3–6 h is an effective rescue protocol for EFS patients to achieve optimal outcomes. EFS in a single cycle does not necessarily indicate future fertility decline, but repeated EFS may result in poor outcomes.
An economic evaluation model for charging stations of EVs in distribution networks with compensation devices and constraints
Authors: Yu Lu , Chao Lu , Yihua Liu , Menghua Deng , Yanjun Chen , Ruochen Duan
Published: July 2024

With the increasing penetration level of electric vehicles (EVs) in distribution networks, the limited capacity of distribution networks has become a bottleneck for EV integration. Considering the difficulties of capacity expansion in distribution networks, especially in large cities, integrating EVs with photovoltaic (PV) generation systems and battery energy storage systems has become a possible technical solution for distribution networks. However, uncertainties in the PV generation systems and EV loads make planning and operating methods difficult for such systems. This paper presents an evaluation model that simulates the uncertainties of EV and PV power generation systems using a large number of stochastic scenarios generated by the Monte Carlo method to assess the revenue of various operators under multiple possible scenarios. Multiple operation constraints were considered in the proposed method, including voltage deviations, capacity limitation of the transformer, EV owner satisfaction, and other physical constraints. In order to accelerate the evaluation process of the EVs, the Distflow equations for distribution networks were applied in the proposed evaluation model. The results of case studies indicate that the maximum capacity of EVs with different scenarios can be calculated by the proposed model.
Exploring causal correlations between circulating cytokines and atopic dermatitis: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Xuan Zhenquan , Chen Xuanyi , Zhou Weinan , Shen Yihang , Sun Zhe , Zhang Hui , Yao Zhirong
Published: July 2024

Objectives

Numerous observational studies have reported associations between circulating cytokines and atopic dermatitis (AD); however, the causal relationships between them remain unclear. To explore the causal correlations and direction of causal effects between AD and levels of 91 circulating cytokines.

Methods

Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were conducted to examine the causal relationships between 91 circulating cytokines and AD using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Reverse MR analyses were performed to investigate reverse causation. Pleiotropy and heterogeneity tests were conducted to assess the robustness of the findings. Additional transcriptome database and clinical peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) samples were utilized to validate the results of MR analyses.

Results

Levels of interleukin (IL)-13, IL-18 Receptor 1, Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 14 (TNFSF14), TNF-related activation-induced cytokine (TRANCE), C-X-C motif chemokine (CXCL)11, IL-33, TNF-beta and CD5 were suggestively associated with the risk of AD (odds ratio, OR: 1.202, 95% CI: 1.018–1.422, p = 0.030; OR: 1.029, 95% CI: 1.029–1.157, p = 0.004; OR: 1.159, 95% CI: 1.018–1.320, p = 0.026; OR: 1.111, 95% CI: 1.016–1.214, p = 0.020; OR: 0.878, 95% CI: 0.783–0.984, p = 0.025; OR: 0.809, 95% CI: 0.661–0.991, p = 0.041; OR: 0.945, 95% CI: 0.896–0.997, p = 0.038; OR: 0.764, 95% CI: 0.652–0.895, p = 8.26e-04). In addition, levels of cytokines including Axin-1, CXCL5, CXCL10, Oncostatin-M (OSM), Sulfotransferase 1A1 (SULT1A1) and TNFSF14 were suggested to be consequences of AD (Beta: -0.080, p = 0.016; Beta: -0.062, p = 0.036; Beta: -0.066, p = 0.049; Beta: -0.073, p = 0.013; Beta: -0.089, p = 0.008; Beta: -0.079, p = 0.031). IL-13, IL-18R1, TNFSF14, and TRANCE were upregulated in both lesional skin biopsies and PBMCs from AD patients.

Conclusion

The study indicates that several cytokines, including IL-13, IL-18R1, TNFSF14, TRANCE, CXCL11, IL-33, TNF-beta, and CD5, are upstream of AD development, whereas a few circulating cytokines are potentially downstream in the development of AD.
Metabolism and immune memory in invertebrates: are they dissociated?
Authors: Méndez-López Texca T. , Carrero Julio César , Lanz-Mendoza Humberto , Ochoa-Zarzosa Alejandra , Mukherjee Krishnendu , Contreras-Garduño Jorge
Published: July 2024

Since the discovery of specific immune memory in invertebrates, researchers have investigated its immune response to diverse microbial and environmental stimuli. Nevertheless, the extent of the immune system’s interaction with metabolism, remains relatively enigmatic. In this mini review, we propose a comprehensive investigation into the intricate interplay between metabolism and specific immune memory. Our hypothesis is that cellular endocycles and epigenetic modifications play pivotal roles in shaping this relationship. Furthermore, we underscore the importance of the crosstalk between metabolism and specific immune memory for understanding the evolutionary costs. By evaluating these costs, we can gain deeper insights into the adaptive strategies employed by invertebrates in response to pathogenic challenges. Lastly, we outline future research directions aimed at unraveling the crosstalk between metabolism and specific immune memory. These avenues of inquiry promise to illuminate fundamental principles governing host-pathogen interactions and evolutionary trade-offs, thus advancing our understanding of invertebrate immunology.
Surface antigen serocleared hepatitis B virus infection increases the risk of mixed cryoglobulinemia vasculitis in male patients with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Morrone Anna , Fiorilli Valerio , Cinti Lilia , Roberto Piergiorgio , Ferri Alejandro L. , Visentini Marcella , Pulsoni Alessandro , Spinelli Francesca Romana , De Santis Adriano , Antonelli Guido , Basili Stefania , Tosti Maria Elena , Conti Fabrizio , Casato Milvia
Published: July 2024

Mixed cryoglobulinemia vasculitis (MCV) is caused in ~90% of cases by chronic hepatitis C virus (HCVposMCV) and more rarely by hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, or apparently noninfectious. HCVposMCV develops in only ~5% of patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC), but risk factors other than female gender have not been identified so far. We conducted a retrospective case control study investigating whether past active HBV infection, defined by hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroclearance and anti-core antibody (HBcAb) positivity, could be a risk factor for developing HCVposMCV. The prevalence of HBsAg seroclearance was 48% within 123 HCVposMCV patients and 29% within 257 CHC patients (p=0.0003). Multiple logistic regression including as variables gender, birth year, age at HBV testing, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, confirmed an association of HBsAg seroclearance with HCVposMCV [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.82, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.73-4.59, p<0.0001]. Stratification by gender, however, showed that HBsAg seroclearance was associated with HCVposMCV in male [OR 4.63, 95% CI 2.27-9.48, p<0.0001] and not in female patients [OR 1.85, 95% 95% CI 0.94-3.66, p=0.076]. HBsAg seroclearance, and more likely occult HBV infection, is an independent risk factor for HCVposMCV in male CHC patients.
Mobile health management among end stage renal disease patients: a scoping review
Authors: Wen Yue , Ruan Yi , Yu Yang
Published: July 2024

Aims

The health management of end-stage renal disease patients is a complicated process, and mobile health management technology provides a new choice for the health management of end-stage renal disease patients. The scope of clinical studies on mobile health management for patients with end-stage renal disease was reviewed, and found that about mobile health management problems existing in the literature were identified to provide ideas for subsequent mobile health management research.

Methods

The databases Web of Science, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Embase, CNKI, Wan Fang Data, BMJ, and VIP were systematically searched for studies on Mobile health management among end-stage renal disease in adult and adolescent patients or children undergoing kidney replacement therapy. The search covered the period from the inception of the databases to June 20, 2023. Two independent reviewers conducted the literature screening process. Following eligibility screening, a total of 38 papers were included for data extraction and descriptive analysis.

Results

A total of 38 studies from 14 countries were finally included. The majority of which were interventional trials. The platforms used in these studies included remote monitoring systems, apps, websites, mobile phones or tablets, and social platforms. These platforms provided patients with a wide range of services, including disease management, behavioral intervention, social support, and follow-up care. Most studies focused on patient clinical indicators, patient experience, quality of life, and healthcare costs.

Conclusion

Our findings that mobile health management has been widely used in disease management of end-stage renal disease patients, with rich management content and many evaluation indicators. Future studies should strengthen the evaluation of patients’ mental health, quality of life, and healthcare costs. Additionally, developing a clinical decision support system would enable mobile health management to play a more effective role in end-stage renal disease patients.
Biomarkers of chronic kidney disease in older individuals: navigating complexity in diagnosis
Authors: Muglia Lucia , Di Dio Michele , Filicetti Elvira , Greco Giada Ida , Volpentesta Mara , Beccacece Alessia , Fabbietti Paolo , Lattanzio Fabrizia , Corsonello Andrea , Gembillo Guido , Santoro Domenico , Soraci Luca
Published: July 2024

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in older individuals is a matter of growing concern in the field of public health across the globe. Indeed, prevalence of kidney function impairment increases with advancing age and is often exacerbated by age-induced modifications of kidney function, presence of chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disorders, and increased burden related to frailty, cognitive impairment and sarcopenia. Accurate assessment of CKD in older individuals is crucial for timely intervention and management and relies heavily on biomarkers for disease diagnosis and monitoring. However, the interpretation of these biomarkers in older patients may be complex due to interplays between CKD, aging, chronic diseases and geriatric syndromes. Biomarkers such as serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and albuminuria can be significantly altered by systemic inflammation, metabolic changes, and medication use commonly seen in this population. To overcome the limitations of traditional biomarkers, several innovative proteins have been investigated as potential, in this review we aimed at consolidating the existing data concerning the geriatric aspects of CKD, describing the challenges and considerations in using traditional and innovative biomarkers to assess CKD in older patients, highlighting the need for integration of the clinical context to improve biomarkers’ accuracy.
Prevalence of co-trimoxazole resistance among HIV-infected individuals in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Assefa Muluneh , Girmay Getu
Published: July 2024

Background

Co-trimoxazole is used as a prophylaxis for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients to prevent opportunistic infections. Its widespread use results in the emergence of co-trimoxazole resistance, which is a significant problem. This systematic review and meta-analysis determined the pooled prevalence of co-trimoxazole resistance among HIV-infected individuals in Ethiopia.

Methods

The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline was applied to report this study. The protocol has been registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under the assigned number CRD42024532240. Article search was performed using electronic databases such as PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Hinari, Web of Science, Science Direct, and African Journals Online. Data were extracted using a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and analyzed using STATA version 11.0 software. A random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled effect size of co-trimoxazole resistance across studies with a 95% confidence interval. The heterogeneity was checked using I2 statistic. The presence of publication bias was determined using a funnel plot and Egger’s test with a p-value <0.05 evidence of statistically significant bias. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed.

Results

Twenty-two studies with 5,788 HIV-infected individuals were included. The pooled prevalence of co-trimoxazole resistance was 61.73% (95% CI: 53.10–70.37%), with heterogeneity (I2 = 87.7%) and statistical significance (p < 0.001). A higher co-trimoxazole resistance was observed in HIV-infected individuals with urinary tract infection; 82.10% (95% CI: 75.03–89.17%). Among the bacterial spp., higher resistance to co-trimoxazole was observed in Escherichia coli; 70.86% (95% CI: 53.44–88.27%) followed by Salmonella spp.; 67.66% (95% CI: 41.51–93.81%) and Proteus spp.; 66.23% (95% CI: 34.65–97.82%).

Conclusion

There is a higher prevalence of co-trimoxazole resistance in HIV-infected individuals in Ethiopia. This alarms WHO’s recommendation of co-trimoxazole prophylaxis guidelines to review and update it. Additionally, a nationwide assessment of co-trimoxazole resistance in Ethiopia as a whole is required.

Systematic review registration: identifier: CRD42024532240.
Resilience to AD pathology in Top Cognitive Performers
Authors: Dominguez Elena Nicole , Corrada María M. , Kawas Claudia H. , Stark Craig E. L.
Published: July 2024

Successful cognitive aging is often thought to result from resistance to the accumulation of pathology, resilience to the effects of pathological accumulation, or some combination of the two. While evidence for resilience has been found in typical aging populations, the oldest-old provide us with a unique window into the role of pathological accumulation in impacting cognition. Here, we aimed to assess group differences in measures of amyloid and tau across older age groups using data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI age: 60–89) and The 90+ Study (age: 90–101). Additionally, using the ADNI dataset, we performed exploratory analyses of regional cingulate AV-45 SUVRs to assess if amyloid load in particular areas was associated with Top Cognitive Performance (TCP). Consistent with the literature, results showed no group differences in amyloid SUVRs both regionally and in the whole cortex. For tau with AV-1451, we also observed no differences in Braak composite SUVRs. Interestingly, these relationships persisted in the oldest-old. This indicates that Top Cognitive Performance throughout aging does not reflect resistance to amyloid and tau burden, but that other mechanisms may be associated with protection against amyloid and tau related neurodegeneration.
Colostrum avoidance and associated factors among mothers of less than 6-month-old children in Dilla town, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Gashaw Anteneh , Kebede Daniel , Regasa Teferi , Bekele Hermela
Published: July 2024

Background

Colostrum, often referred to as “golden milk,” is the initial milk produced after birth, crucial for preventing childhood malnutrition and boosting natural immunity. Neglecting colostrum intake heightens vulnerability to infections and mortality, particularly in developing regions of the world. Colostrum avoidance is prevalent in Ethiopia. This research aims to investigate the frequency and factors that contribute to colostrum avoidance in Dilla town, Southern Ethiopia.

Method

A community-based, cross-sectional study was carried out in late 2023. Data were gathered from 350 participants, selected through multistage sampling, using structured questionnaires and face-to-face interviews. Data entry was conducted using Epi Data version 4.2.0 and transferred to Stata version 18 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were employed to identify the factors associated with colostrum avoidance, with a significance level of p < 0.05.

Result

The rate of prevalence of colostrum avoidance was 28.3% [95% confidence interval (CI): 18.4%–38.2%]. Late initiation of breastfeeding [adjusted odds ratios (AOR) 4.15, 95% CI: 2.51–6.84] prelacteal feeding, non-use of postnatal care (PNC) (AOR 1.79, 95% CI: 1.05–3.04), and lack of information about colostrum (AOR 1.88, 95% CI: 1.14–3.08) were the factors significantly associated with colostrum avoidance.

Conclusions and recommendations

A high prevalence of colostrum avoidance was observed, with prelacteal feeding, delayed initiation of breastfeeding, lack of PNC, and inadequate maternal knowledge about colostrum identified as contributing factors. Consequently, interventions aimed at reducing colostrum avoidance should prioritize improving access to and promotion of PNC, promoting timely initiation of breastfeeding, and intensifying awareness campaigns highlighting the advantages of colostrum, while emphasizing the risks associated with prelacteal feeding.
Propolis attenuates diabetes-induced testicular injury by protecting against DNA damage and suppressing cellular stress
Authors: Ashour Ahmed M.
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Propolis has a wide range of biological and pharmacological actions, including antioxidant properties—particularly its phenolic and flavonoid constituents—that could potentially protect the reproductive system from oxidative damage.

Method: Four groups were allocated 40 male Wistar rats each. The vehicle was given to the first group’s normal control rats negative control. The second, third, and fourth groups of diabetic rats were given vehicle (diabetic control) and propolis orally at 50 and 100 mg/kg, respectively, for 8 weeks. Diabetes was induced in rats via injection of nicotinamide and streptozotocin (STZ). Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and insulin levels, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and semen analysis were assessed. In addition, assessments of serum reproductive hormones, including total testosterone (TTST), estradiol (E2), follicle-stimulating hormone luteinizing hormone (LH), and prolactin (PRL), were measured at the end of the study. Tissue total testosterone, E2, and dihydrotestosterone were also evaluated. Serum and tissue oxidative enzymes, including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activities, were examined, and malondialdehyde content was determined. The pancreatic and testicular tissues were histopathologically examined, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) in testicular tissue were immunohistochemically analyzed. Testicular tissue was examined for DNA integrity using a comet assay.

Results: Compared to the STZ-control group, propolis greatly decreased FBG levels and improved the glycemic status of diabetic rats. In comparison to the STZ-DC group, propolis increased the number of sperm cells and the percent of morphologically normal and viable sperm in male rats, improving their fertility. Propolis also restored the pancreatic islets, protected the testis from oxidative stress, and increased levels of reproductive hormones in the blood, especially testosterone. Moreover, propolis at high doses demonstrated a strong positive response for Bcl-2 and a negative expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in spermatogenic cells.

Conclusion: The data obtained strongly indicate that STZ causes severe impairments to the testis whereas propolis, acting as an antioxidant, protects against the adverse effects of STZ on the testis.
Potassium and zinc improves physiological performance, nutrient use efficiency, and productivity of wheat
Authors: Nawaz Abeer , Bashir Muhammad Amjad , Ahmed Wazir , Ahmad Ijaz , Rehim Abdur , Ikram Rao Muhammad , Shah Syed Shahid Hussain , Khurshid Muhammad Yasir , Rusan Munir Jamil , Lubani Rashid , Saleem Shahzad , Haq Tanveer Ul , Ali Muhammad Asif
Published: July 2024

Despite the critical role of balanced nutrition in crop productivity, the use of potash (K) and zinc (Zn) is not much practiced by Pakistani farmers. The reduced nutrient uptake and crop productivity together increase the costs associated with fertilization and revisit farmers’ confidence in the efficacy and profitability of fertilizers. To address this problem, a field study was conducted in the research area of the MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, in collaboration with Engro Fertilizers Limited. The research plan consisted of five treatments, including T1 = control (without N, P, K, and Zn fertilizers), T2 = NP in practice (NP at 32–23–0 kg acre-1), T3 = recommended NP (NP at 48–34.5 kg acre-1), T4 = balanced NPK (NP+K at 48–34.5–30 kg acre-1), and T5 = balanced NPK + Zn (NPK+Zn at 48–34.5–30 + 7.5 kg acre-1). Wheat was used as a test crop, and its growth, yield, and physiological and nutritional parameters were studied. The results indicated that NPK+Zn balanced nutrition increased plant height, spike length, photosynthetic rate, water use efficiency, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and grain yield by 13%, 15%, 44%, 60%, 63%, 39%, and 78%, respectively, compared with the control. It was found that the combined application of NP, K, and Zn improved the recovery efficiency of applied nutrients, i.e., nitrogen recovery efficiency (NRE) by 230%, phosphorus recovery efficiency (PRE) by 136%, potassium recovery efficiency (KRE) by 135%, and zinc recovery efficiency (ZnRE) by 136% compared to NP-alone application. Agronomic use efficiency of applied fertilizers, such as potassium agronomic use efficiency (KAUE) by 71%, phosphorus agronomic use efficiency (PAUE) by 72%, nitrogen agronomic use efficiency (NAUE) by 70%, and zinc agronomic use efficiency (ZnAUE) by 72%, was observed compared to NP-alone application. The results showed that NPUE, PPUE, NPUE, and ZnPUE were reduced by 5%, 3%, 3%, and 5%, respectively, compared to NP-alone application. Our findings suggest that K and Zn should be made an essential part of wheat nutrition management for higher yield and better quality of produce.
Efficacy and safety of electroacupuncture in patients with postpartum depression: a meta-analysis
Authors: Fang Xue , Wang Xiaoyan , Zheng Wenjun , Han Jing , Ge Xiaobin
Published: July 2024

Objective

This study aimed to assess the clinical effectiveness and safety of electroacupuncture (EA) for the treatment of postpartum depression (PPD).

Methods

We systematically retrieved relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from electronic databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, EMBASE, China Science and Technology Journal Database, Chinese Biological Medical Database, and the Wanfang database from their inception to November 2023. The outcomes measured were the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) scores, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) scores, adverse events (AEs), and the total response rate. The study aimed to estimate heterogeneity, publication bias, mean difference (MD), and risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

This study included 12 RCTs with a total of 1364 participants (571 in the treatment group and 793 in the control group) for analysis. The results of the meta-analysis indicated that EA did not significantly reduce HAMD (MD = 1.49, 95% CI = [−0.30, 3.27], P = 0.1, I2 = 0%) and EPDS (MD = 1.12, 95% CI = [−1.62, 3.85], P = 0.42, I2 = 32%) scores compared to sham EA among patients with PPD, resulting in low heterogeneity. In terms of the total response rate, the EA group exhibited superior results compared to the placebo group (RR = 1.77, 95% CI = [1.15, 2.74], P = 0.01, I2 = 0%) and the sham EA group (RR = 1.2, 95% CI = [1.02, 4.4], P = 0.02, I2 = 0%), with statistical significance and low heterogeneity. The incidence of AEs was lower, also with low heterogeneity (RR = 0.9, 95% CI = [0.57, 1.43], P = 0.66, I2 = 12%).

Conclusion

The current evidence indicates that the effectiveness and safety of EA in the treatment of PPD warrant affirmation. However, EA does not demonstrate superiority over sham EA in reducing HAMD and EPDS scores in patients with PPD. Due to the limited quantity and quality of curent research, the above conclusion should be further validated through high-quality studies to confirm the efectiveness of EA in PPD management.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=318917, identifier CRD42023318917.
Differentiating COVID-19 and influenza in children: hemogram parameters as diagnostic tools
Authors: Dulkadir Ramazan , Oztelcan Gunduz Bahar
Published: July 2024

Introduction

It is not always possible to differentiate between influenza and COVID-19 based on symptoms alone. This is a topic of significant importance as it aims to determine whether there are specific hematological parameters that can be used to distinguish between influenza and COVID-19 in children.

Methodology

Two hundred thirty-one children between the ages of 1 month and 18 years who presented to the children’s outpatient clinic between June 2021 and June 2022 with similar symptoms and were tested with an influenza test and a COVID-19 PCR test were included in the study. Of the patients included in the study, 130 tested positive for COVID-19 and 101 positive for influenza. The patients were evaluated for hematological parameters.

Results

Age, eosinophils and monocyte factors were shown to be statistically significantly effective in COVID-19. The risk of COVID-19 increased 1,484-fold with age, 10,708-fold with increasing eosinophil count, and 1,591-fold with increasing monocyte count. The performance of the monocyte count and eosinophil count was assessed by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. According to the performed ROC analysis, the area under the curve (AUC) value was observed to be 0.990 for monocytes. According to the cutoff point >1.50, the sensitivity value was determined as 98.4% and the specificity value as 97.0%. AUC significance for eosinophils was found to be 0.989. According to the cutoff point >0.02, the sensitivity value was determined as 99.2% and the specificity value as 93.1%.

Conclusion

In the diagnosis of COVID-19, the eosinophil count and monocyte count are easily accessible, inexpensive, and important parameters in terms of differential diagnosis and can help in the differentiation of COVID-19 from influenza during seasonal outbreaks of the latter. Developing parameters for clinicians to use in diagnosing COVID-19 and influenza can facilitate their work in practice.
The rise in mortality due to intentional self-poisoning by medicines in Brazil between 2003 and 2022: relationship with regional and global crises
Authors: Souza Maximiliano Loiola Ponte , Orellana Jesem Douglas Yamall , Jesus Francimar Oliveira , Horta Bernardo Lessa
Published: July 2024

In recent years, suicide rates in Brazil have increased, but little is known about the temporal behavior and characteristics of suicides due to intentional self-poisoning by medicines. The aim of the present study was to provide an overview of sociodemographic characteristics and place of death related to suicide due to intentional self-poisoning by medicines, to evaluate the trend of mortality rates in Brazil between 2003 and 2022, and its relationship with regional and global crises. Ecological time series study with data from the Mortality Information System of the Brazilian Ministry of Health, related to individuals aged 10 years and over, who committed suicides due to intentional drug overdose, in the period from 2003 to 2022. The analyses were performed in the R environment in RStudio. Between 2003 and 2022, there was a predominance of deaths in women (55.5%), individuals aged 30–49 years (47.2%), of White race/color (53.2%), occurring in health facilities (67.0%), using drugs or unspecified substances (40.4%); a higher concentration in the southern region (22.8%) and a positive trend in mortality rates due to intentional drug overdose, especially from 2016 onwards. A rise of 264% was observed in the comparison of 2022 and 2003. A peculiar sociodemographic profile was observed in the victims of intentional self-poisoning by medicines and a positive temporal trend in mortality rates, especially in a period marked by regional and global crises.
Stimulus-specific gene expression profiles associated with grooming behavior and Varroa destructor resistance in honey bees
Authors: Russo Romina M. , Pietronave Hernán , Conte Claudia A. , Liendo María C. , Basilio Alicia , Lanzavecchia Silvia B. , Scannapieco Alejandra C.
Published: July 2024

Grooming behavior is one of the mechanisms of social immunity in Apis mellifera. This behavior has been proposed as an active strategy of honey bees to restrain the population growth of the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor in honey bee colonies. The characterization of honey bee stocks with high grooming behavior is of utmost importance for honey bee breeding programs to set the background for mite resistance biomarker-based selection. In this study, we analyzed the expression level of 11 candidate genes putatively involved in grooming and hygiene behaviors in adult workers from mite-resistant (R) and mite-susceptible (S) honey bee stocks. Heads and bodies of worker bees from both stocks, previously tested for grooming response to two treatments (mite infestation and a paintbrush touch control stimulus) were assessed by qPCR. In the head, R bees exposed to mite infestation showed higher levels of Nrx1 and Dop2 and lower levels of Obp3 than S bees. At the body level, R and S bees differed in the expression levels of Nrx1, Oa1, Obp4, Obp14, Obp16, Obp18, Spf45, CYP9Q3, with no stimulus-specific pattern. Overall, our results suggest the involvement of some of the analyzed genes in the specific response to mite infestation, possibly related to the sensitivity and specificity of the R bee to this stimulus at the head level, while other genes would be involved in the non-specific motor response to irritants at the body level. The present study provides new insights into the characterization of the grooming behavior in a selected honey bee stock and increases the available information on its underlying molecular mechanisms. We discuss the putative functions and use of the assessed genes as potential tools for biomarker-assisted selection and improvement of Varroa mite control strategies in honey bee colonies.
Willingness to adopt biodegradable mulch among farmers in Saudi Arabia: implications for agricultural extension
Authors: Muddassir Muhammad , Alotaibi Bader Alhafi , Azeem Muhammad Imran
Published: July 2024

Biodegradable mulch (BDMs) films are ecologically safe substitutes for polyethylene mulches (PEMs) in agricultural systems. However, since it is an innovative technology on the market, it is not easy for farmers to adopt it. Understanding farmers' familiarity with BDM and their willingness to adopt it in the future could play a crucial role in the design and implementation of effective agricultural interventions for promoting the adoption of BDM to reduce environmental pollution. Therefore, a study was undertaken to assess farmers' familiarity with BDM and their willingness to adopt it in the future. Data were collected from fruit and vegetable growers located in Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia, using a simple random sampling approach with the help of a pre-tested paper-based questionnaire. The findings revealed that most of the farmers were not familiar with BDM. Despite the lack of awareness, a considerable portion indicated their willingness to adopt BDM in the future. The farmers' education level, farm size, and membership in agricultural cooperatives significantly influenced their familiarity with BDM. Education level, farming experience, and membership in agricultural cooperatives also showed significant relationships with their willingness to adopt BDM in the future. Moreover, the farmers were not aware of the potential benefits of this new innovation. The study recommends that extension education programs through the active involvement of agricultural cooperatives should be implemented to make farmers aware of the advantages of BDM over PEM. In addition, the government should facilitate the adoption of this promising innovation by enhancing its availability on the market and affordability to farmers.
Intramedullary fixation versus plate fixation in the treatment of midshaft clavicle fractures: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Lu Minpeng , Qiu Hao , Liu Yuting , Dong Jing , Jiang Lingfang
Published: July 2024

Objective

The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess the clinical efficacy of intramedullary fixation (IF) vs. plate fixation (PF) in the treatment of midshaft clavicle fractures.

Methods

We conducted a computerized search of the electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Medlineand Chinese Journal Full-text Database) from the establishment of the database to the end of November 2022. The quality of the included studies was assessed according to the Cochrane Collaboration's “Risk of bias”. Comparisons between the two groups were based on 8 variables, including Constant score, disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) score, surgery time, length of incision, hospital stay; time to union, blood loss and infection.

Results

Thirteen randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comprising a total of 928 patients were included in our meta-analysis. The pooled results showed that IF can benefit midshaft clavicle fractures with a reduced surgery time and hospital stay, a smaller incision, a better shoulder function (DASH score), shorter time to union and lower rate of infection compared with PF. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of Constant score at 12-month follow-up.

Conclusion

IF is superior to PF for the treatment of midshaft clavicle fractures.
An Ultrasonic Vibration Scratch Tester for Studying the Scratch Characteristics of Materials under Ultrasonic Vibration Contact Status
Authors: Huang Yaming , Wu Haoxiang , Yao Yuan , Zhao Hongwei , Huang Hu
Published: July 2024

Ultrasonic vibration-assisted machining is a promising technique for improving the removability of materials, especially for difficult-to-machine materials, but the material removal mechanism under ultrasonic vibration status is still far from clear. Scratch testing is generally employed to study the material removal mechanism, but currently, there is a lack of instruments capable of performing scratch testing under ultrasonic vibration. To address this gap, this study developed an ultrasonic vibration scratch tester that can perform quantitative ultrasonic vibration-assisted scratch (UVAS) testing of materials. A prototype was designed and fabricated, followed by characterizing its performance parameters. Comparative experiments of conventional scratch (CS) testing and UVAS testing were performed on AL1050 to investigate the effects of ultrasonic vibration on scratch characteristics, such as the scratch depth and coefficient of friction. It was found that compared to CS testing, UVAS testing, with an amplitude of 1.45 µm and a frequency of 20 kHz, achieved a maximum reduction in the coefficient of friction of approximately 22.5% and a maximum increase in the depth of the residual scratch of approximately 175%. These findings confirm the superiority of ultrasonic vibration-assisted machining and demonstrate the requirement for the development of ultrasonic vibration scratch testers.
Incidence Adaptation to the Influence of Wake Sweeps on the Aerodynamic Performance of a Low-Pressure Turbine Cascade
Authors: Li Xuejian , Fang Xinglong , Cai Le , Wang Lan , Hu Xinlei , Chen Yingjie , Wang Songtao
Published: July 2024

In order to investigate the transport law of an unsteady wake in a downstream cascade channel in a turbine stage environment, this study was based on a self-designed unsteady wake generator, and a low-pressure turbine cascade was the research object. The research was carried out through a combination of experiments and numerical simulation. The results show that in the range of −50° to 20° inflow incidence, there is no separation on the blade suction surface, the total pressure loss coefficient is low, and the cascade has good adaptability to the inflow incidence. When the incoming flow is at a negative incidence, the transport of the unsteady upstream wake to the downstream unsteady wake is basically the same; the same holds for a non-negative incidence. When the upstream unsteady wake is transported downstream in the cascade channel, the wake near the cascade suction surface follows a detour and barely interacts with the mainstream fluid. The total pressure loss fluctuation value obtained via numerical calculation shows good periodicity; therefore, the unsteady cascade effect under the action of upstream wake sweeping becomes very obvious.
The Adsorption Characteristics of Phosphorus-Modified Corn Stover Biochar on Lead and Cadmium
Authors: Zhou Lina , Chen Lin , Zhang Yuqing , Zhang Yu , Li Zhifan , Yang Kun , Chen Limei
Published: July 2024

In order to achieve the purpose of efficiently removing lead and cadmium as the main heavy metals from wastewater, this paper explores the adsorption properties of cadmium ions and lead ions on biochar under different modified conditions prepared from corn stalks as raw materials and potassium phosphate as surface modifiers. Before preparing biochar (BC), the mass ratios of 1:1 and 1:2 (corn stalks to potassium phosphate) were used for pre-modification, and the oxygen-restricted pyrolysis processes of 350 °C, 550 °C and 750 °C were used for treatment. The study discussed the individual and composite adsorption effects of biochar on Pb2+ and Cd2+ under different conditions. The experimental results show that phosphorus modification has changed the physical and chemical properties of the original biochar. Among them, the biochar (2PBC550) with an impregnation ratio of 1:2 and a pyrolysis temperature of 550 °C (2PBC550) exhibits excellent adsorption properties. When the pH of the simulated wastewater is 5 and the amount of adsorbent is 30 mg·L−1, the maximum adsorption capacity of Pb2+ and Cd2+ is 145.48 mg·g−1 and 14.533 mg·g−1, respectively, which are 6.46 times and 3.67 times of the original biochar. The Pb2+ and Cd2+ adsorption data of 2PBC550 fit well with the quasi-secondary dynamics and Langmuir isothermal models, indicating that the adsorption process is controlled by single-layer chemical adsorption. In the composite metal system of Pb2+ and Cd2+, 2PBC550 exhibits a stronger affinity for Pb2+ than Cd2+. Through the analysis of characterization methods such as SEM, FTIR, XRD and XPS, it is proved that the adsorption of Pb2+ and Cd2+ by 2PBC550 is due to precipitation, complexation and π electron interaction. Therefore, 2PBC550 shows great application potential in the repair of wastewater containing Pb2+ or Cd2+.
Milk Yield, Composition, and Fatty Acid Profile in Milk of Dairy Cows Supplemented with Microalgae Schizochytrium sp.: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Orzuna-Orzuna José Felipe , Godina-Rodríguez Juan Eduardo , Garay-Martínez Jonathan Raúl , Reséndiz-González Guillermo , Joaquín-Cancino Santiago , Lara-Bueno Alejandro
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the microalgae (MIAs) Schizochytrium sp. as a dietary supplement for dairy cows with respect to the yield, composition, and fatty acid profile of milk using a meta-analytical method. The data used in the statistical analyses were obtained from 11 peer-reviewed scientific publications. The effect size was assessed using the weighted mean differences (WMDs) between MIA-supplemented and control treatments. Dry matter intake, milk fat yield, and milk fat content decreased (p < 0.001) in response to the dietary inclusion of Schizochytrium sp. MIAs. However, Schizochytrium sp. MIAs supplementation increased (p = 0.029) milk yield. The dietary inclusion of Schizochytrium sp. MIAs decreased (p < 0.05) the content of the fatty acids (FAs) butyric, caproic, caprylic, capric, undecanoic, lauric, pentadecanoic, palmitic, heptadecanoic, stearic, arachidic, and total saturated FAs, and it resulted in a ω-6/ω-3 ratio in milk. In contrast, Schizochytrium sp. MIAs supplementation increased (p < 0.05) the content of linoleic, conjugated linoleic, eicosapentaenoic, behenic, docosahexaenoic, total monounsaturated FAs, total polyunsaturated FAs, and total omega-3 FAs in milk. The results showed that Schizochytrium sp. MIAs could be used as a dietary supplement to improve the milk yield and fatty acid profile of milk obtained from dairy cows.
Telecoupling Effects among Provinces of Cultivated Land Grain Production in the Last 30 Years: Evidence from China
Authors: Li Jingjing , Feng Yingbin , Gu Lei
Published: July 2024

Telecoupling interregional resource interaction based on cultivated land grain production (CLGP) plays a crucial role in ensuring national food security and advancing sustainable socio-environmental and economic development. Based on the provincial panel data of 31 administrative regions in China from 1990 to 2020, we used the spatial and temporal evolution of CLGP and the global Moran index to detect the spatial correlation of CLGP among the provinces in China; we adopted the SDM to study the telecoupling effect of CLGP among the provinces in China and decompose the effect, enabling us to propose policy recommendations for enhancing the telecoupling effect among the provinces. The results are as follows: (1) China’s inter-provincial CLGP has shown an increasingly strong telecoupling effect over time, further validating the scientific nature of China’s grain production pattern. (2) Cultivated land, irrigation area, the number of agricultural employees, the power of agricultural machinery, the proportion of grain sown, and total grain production have positive “flow” effects on spatial teleconnections between provinces and regions. (3) In terms of the total telecoupling effect, the most significant factor affecting CLGP is the ratio of the area sown with grain to the total area sown with crops. Meanwhile, the area of cultivated land in each region, the irrigated area, the agricultural labor force, the agricultural machinery total power, and the percentage of grain sowing in each region have the most direct telecoupling effect on CLGP. The conduct of the study further fleshes out the empirical research on interregional resource telecoupling linkages arising from resource deployment and utilization.