bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deficit irrigation in grapevine cv. Syrah during two growing seasons in the brazilian semiarid
Authors: Bassoi Luís H. , Correia Joselina de S. , Santos Ana R. L. dos , Silva Juliano A. , Costa Bruno R. S.
Published: July 2016

Irrigation plays an important role for grape’s yield as well as on its quality for winemaking. Thus, the effects of deficit irrigation strategies on yield and quality of wine grapes cv. Syrah were evaluated in Petrolina, State of Pernambuco, Brazil. Evaluations were carried out throughout the second and third growing seasons, which were from November 2010 to February 2011 (rainy season) and from May to September 2011 (dry season), respectively. Vines were drip irrigated and the experimental design was completely randomized with three treatments and four replications. The treatments were full irrigation (FI), performed according crop evapotranspiration; regulated deficit irrigation (RDI), in which irrigation was interrupted in phenological growth stage of bunch closure, but was occasionally performed according soil water monitoring of the root zone; and deficit irrigation (DI), when irrigation was interrupted from bunch closure to harvesting. Differences on leaf water content among treatments were observed in both growing seasons and RDI and DI treatment plants presented moderate water stress. The number of bunches did not differ among treatments in both growing seasons; however, bunch weight per plant, average bunch weight and soluble solid content were higher in FI treatment during the dry season. Deficit irrigation strategies promoted water saving.
Sistema de preparo do solo e sua influência na atividade microbiana
Authors: Dadalto Juliana P. , Fernandes Haroldo C. , Teixeira Mauri M. , Cecon Paulo R. , Matos Antonio T. de
Published: July 2016

O sistema de preparo mecanizado do solo influencia diretamente sobre as propriedades físicas e biológicas do solo, além de propiciar ambiente adequado para o estabelecimento das culturas. O preparo do solo pode interferir na atividade microbiológica. Dessa forma, objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar como os sistemas de preparo mecanizado do solo podem afetar sua atividade microbiológica. Os tratamentos foram os seguintes tipos de preparo do solo: plantio direto (PD), plantio convencional (PC) e cultivo mínimo (CM). Todas as análises foram feitas em três instantes: antes do preparo do solo, depois do preparo e 14 dias após o preparo do solo. Os tratamentos foram dispostos no delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro blocos. As coletas foram realizadas em triplicata, em duas faixas: 0,0 a 0,10 m e de 0,10 a 0,20 m de profundidade. Foram determinados o carbono orgânico total (COT), o carbono da biomassa microbiana (CBM), a respiração basal do solo (RBS), o quociente metabólico (qCO2) e o quociente microbiano (qMic). O plantio direto apresentou maiores índices de carbono da biomassa microbiana e da respiração basal do solo, na faixa de 0,0 - 0,10 m de profundidade. O plantio direto foi o sistema que apresentou menor interferência da atividade microbiológica do solo.
Qualidade do corte basal de cana-de-açúcar utilizando-se de três modelos de facas
Authors: Voltarelli Murilo A. , Silva Rouverson P. da , Cassia Marcelo T. , Ortiz Danilo F. , Torres Luma S.
Published: July 2016

A colheita mecanizada de cana-de-açúcar é uma tendência crescente e irreversível ao setor canavieiro, devido à sua maior operacionalidade durante os turnos diurno e noturno, em razão das leis ambientais e trabalhistas ligadas a esta operação. Entretanto, o grande desafio deste sistema é a melhoria do mecanismo de corte de base, uma vez que esse mecanismo é capaz de causar elevados índices de danos e abalos nas soqueiras quando associado ao desgaste das facas do mecanismo de corte basal. Diante do exposto, objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar a qualidade do corte basal por meio dos índices de danos e abalos causados às soqueiras, bem como o desgaste de três modelos de facas do mecanismo de corte basal de cana-de-açúcar, em função do tempo de uso. O delineamento estatístico utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, utilizando-se de três malhas amostrais, com espaçamentos de 50,0 x 1,50 m entre si, para cada modelo de faca, em diferentes glebas no mesmo talhão e repetições. As avaliações realizadas foram: perda de massa, desgaste do comprimento, largura e espessura do fio de corte das facas, bem como altura de corte, índice de danos e de abalos às soqueiras. A qualidade do corte basal é afetada pelo modelo de faca utilizado e pelo tempo de uso. A faca B apresenta menor variação e maior qualidade do corte basal para os índices de danos e de abalos às soqueiras de cana-de-açúcar.
Sistema computacional para aquisição automática e disponibilização de dados meteorológicos
Authors: Sousa Marques M. de , Drumond Luis C. D. , Naldi Murilo C.
Published: July 2016

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma metodologia de automatização do processo de coleta e disponibilização de dados meteorológicos. Esta metodologia faz o uso de uma linguagem de scripts para definir as ações a serem executadas desde a coleta dos dados na estação climática, passando pelo seu processamento e finalizando com o envio dos dados processados para publicação em um site na internet. Os dados meteorológicos temperatura, umidade, velocidade do vento, chuva, radiação e evapotranspiração disponibilizados no site permitem aos produtores e pesquisadores analisar as variações climáticas, auxiliando assim em tomadas de decisão mais eficientes. O resultado obtido é o fornecimento sem custos de informações importantes e de qualidade sobre o clima.
Umidade e temperatura de argissolo amarelo em sistemas de preparo e estádios de desenvolvimento do milho
Authors: Cortez Jorge W. , Nagahama Hideo de J , Olszevski Nelci , Patrocinio Filho Antonio P , Souza Elder B
Published: July 2016

RESUMO Os sistemas de preparo do solo afetam a quantidade de resíduo vegetal sobre a superfície do solo e, consequentemente, sua umidade e temperatura. Objetivou-se avaliar a temperatura e a umidade do Argissolo Amarelo em estádios de desenvolvimento da cultura do milho sob sistemas de preparo mecanizado. O experimento foi conduzido no delineamento em blocos inteiramente casualizados, com quatro repetições, em Petrolina - PE. Os sistemas de preparo do solo foram: sem preparo primário, grade off-set de discos de 0,56 m, grade off-set de discos de 0,61 m, escarificador e arado de aivecas. As leituras de umidade e temperatura foram realizadas ao longo do dia, nos horários de 6; 9; 12; 15 e 18 h, nos estádios de desenvolvimento V3, V8, R3 e R6 do milho. A umidade do solo foi avaliada na camada de 0,00-0,05 m utilizando-se do método gravimétrico, e a temperatura do solo na superfície, utilizando-se de termômetro infravermelho. Os sistemas de preparo do solo e os horários de leitura influenciaram na umidade e na temperatura do solo. Os maiores valores de umidade ocorreram no período da manhã, enquanto a maior temperatura do solo ocorreu na parte da tarde.
Prospective Patient-Related Outcome Evaluation of Secondary Cleft Rhinoplasty Using a Validated Questionnaire
Authors: Sawyer Adam R. , Robinson Stephen , Cadier Michael
Published: July 2016

Objective

To evaluate patient satisfaction and quality of life following secondary cleft rhinoplasty.

Design

Prospective consecutive patient, single unit, single surgeon study.

Setting

Spires Cleft Centre, Salisbury, Wilshire, United Kingdom, and private practice.

Patients, Participants

56 (27 secondary cleft rhinoplasty) patients completed evaluation forms preoperatively and 3 to 6 months postoperatively.

Interventions

Subjective assessment was performed using a validated Rhinoplasty Outcomes Evaluation (ROE) questionnaire. This instrument comprises six questions that capture three quality-of-life domains: physical, mental/emotional, and social.

Main Outcome

Rhinoplasty outcomes evaluation scores were calculated (range = 0 to 100) to indication satisfaction with rhinoplasty outcomes.

Results

Average age was 28 years (range = 18 to 59 years). There was a significant subjective improvement in the total ROE evaluation scores from 28 ± 10 to 80 ± 11 ( P < .01) in secondary cleft rhinoplasty. Similar results were achieved in noncleft rhinoplasty 34 ± 9 to 84 ± 9 ( P < .01). Specific scores for nasal aesthetic appearance improved from 0.3 ± 0.2 to 3.2 ± 0.3 ( P < .01) in secondary cleft rhinoplasty. No significant change was seen in breathing capacity in secondary cleft rhinoplasty (from 2.7 ± 0.3 to 3.2 ± 0.2; P = .29). All patients said they would undergo the procedure again.

Conclusion

Our results demonstrate high patient satisfaction after cleft rhinoplasty with particular regard to cosmetic appearance. These results are similar to those for noncleft rhinoplasty. We would recommend the use of this simple and quick validated outcome tool with all rhinoplasty patients.
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Birth Prevalence of Orofacial Clefts in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Kadir Ayesha , Mossey Peter A. , Orth M. , Blencowe Hannah , Sowmiya Moorthie , Lawn Joy E. , Mastroiacovo Pierpaolo , Modell Bernadette
Published: July 2016

Background

In the last comprehensive review of the literature published in 2002, little information on the prevalence of orofacial clefts was available from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Objective

To analyze published data on the birth prevalence of cleft lip and/or palate ( CL/P) from LMIC.

Design

Systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis of data from original papers on the birth prevalence of cleft lip and/or cleft palate (CL/P) in LMICs between 1990 and 2014. Secondary inclusion criteria were developed to analyze lower-quality studies from countries with scarce data.

Main Outcome Measure

Birth prevalence of undifferentiated CL/P (with or without associated syndrome or other anomaly).

Results

Twenty-eight studies met strict inclusion criteria. Among 31,475,278 total births, the pooled birth prevalence of undifferentiated CL/P was 1.38 per 1000 births (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20 to 1.56). Four studies met criteria for secondary analysis, providing data on 75,627 births, with a pooled prevalence of 0.75 CL/P cases per 1000 births (95% CI: 0.56 to 0.95). Comparison of studies was limited by variable definitions of cases and of the reference population and by inconsistent reporting of outcomes. There is significant heterogeneity in the findings.

Conclusions

In LMICs, approximately 1 in every 730 children is born with CL/P. To optimize comparability across settings, future research should use a standard classification system and standard criteria for data collection and presentation. As clefting is associated with deprivation, understanding the true scale, risks, and preventive measures for orofacial clefts in LMIC is a matter of both scientific and humanitarian importance.
Oligotrophic and eutrophic MICP treatment for silica and carbonate sands
Authors: Dyer Mark , Viganotti Matteo
Published: July 2016

The terms ‘oligotrophic treatment’ and ‘eutrophic treatment’ have been introduced to differentiate between whether fixation liquid or nutrients have been administered during the on-site process for microbially induced precipitation of calcite. Results from scanning electron microscopy images for small-scale soil column tests have shown the different treatments to have markedly different precipitation patterns, crystal morphology and bond formation and eventual bond failure in silica sand. In the case of oligotrophic treatment, the fixation phase led to a more widespread pattern of precipitation in silica sand particles, which resulted in large single rhombohedral crystals being formed on the surface of particles or at particle contact points when nutrients were withheld on site. In contrast, eutrophic treatment involving the on-site delivery of nutrients promoted preferential precipitation at particle contact points in the form of micritic dome-like structures of vaterite that acquired a new layer of crystal with each delivery of nutrients. The different crystal morphologies were found to influence particle-bond failure mechanism in the form of either a particle-bond interface mode of failure or an internal failure of the carbonate crystal along a suture.
Toll-Like Receptors 2 and 4 Are Potential Therapeutic Targets in Peritoneal Dialysis–Associated Fibrosis
Authors: Raby Anne-Catherine , Colmont Chantal S. , Kift-Morgan Ann , Köhl Jörg , Eberl Matthias , Fraser Donald , Topley Nicholas , Labéta Mario O.
Published: July 2016

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) remains limited by dialysis failure due to peritoneal membrane fibrosis driven by inflammation caused by infections or sterile cellular stress. Given the fundamental role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and complement in inflammation, we assessed the potential of peritoneal TLR2, TLR4 and C5a receptors, C5aR and C5L2, as therapeutic targets in PD-associated fibrosis. We detected TLR2–, TLR4–, and C5aR–mediated proinflammatory and fibrotic responses to bacteria that were consistent with the expression of these receptors in peritoneal macrophages (TLR2/4, C5aR) and mesothelial cells (TLR2, C5aR). Experiments in knockout mice revealed a major role for TLR2, a lesser role for TLR4, a supplementary role for C5aR, and no apparent activity of C5L2 in infection–induced peritoneal fibrosis. Similarly, antibody blockade of TLR2, TLR4, or C5aR differentially inhibited bacteria–induced profibrotic and inflammatory mediator production by peritoneal leukocytes isolated from the peritoneal dialysis effluent (PDE) of noninfected uremic patients. Additionally, antibodies against TLR2, TLR4, or the coreceptor CD14 reduced the profibrotic responses of uremic leukocytes to endogenous components present in the PDE of noninfected patients. Enhancing TLR2-mediated inflammation increased fibrosis in vivo. Furthermore, soluble TLR2 (sTLR2), a negative modulator of TLRs that we detected in PDE, inhibited PDE–induced, TLR2– or TLR4–mediated profibrotic responses. Notably, sTLR2 treatment markedly reduced Gram–positive and –negative bacteria–induced fibrosis in vivo, inhibiting proinflammatory and fibrotic genes without affecting infection clearance. These findings reveal the influence of peritoneal TLR2 and TLR4 on PD-associated fibrosis and describe a therapeutic strategy against fibrosis.
Kidney Transplantation Outcomes across GN Subtypes in the United States
Authors: O’Shaughnessy Michelle M. , Liu Sai , Montez-Rath Maria E. , Lenihan Colin R. , Lafayette Richard A. , Winkelmayer Wolfgang C.
Published: July 2016

Differences in kidney transplantation outcomes across GN subtypes have rarely been studied. From the US Renal Data System, we identified all adult (≥18 years) first kidney transplant recipients (1996–2011) with ESRD attributed to one of six GN subtypes or two comparator kidney diseases. We computed hazard ratios (HRs) for death, all-cause allograft failure, and allograft failure excluding death as a cause (competing risks framework) using Cox proportional hazards regression. Among the 32,131 patients with GN studied, patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN) had the lowest mortality rates and patients with IgAN or vasculitis had the lowest allograft failure rates. After adjusting for patient- and transplant-related factors, compared with IgAN (referent), FSGS, membranous nephropathy, membranoproliferative GN, lupus nephritis, and vasculitis associated with HRs (95% confidence intervals) for death of 1.57 (1.43 to 1.72), 1.52 (1.34 to 1.72), 1.76 (1.55 to 2.01), 1.82 (1.63 to 2.02), and 1.56 (1.34 to 1.81), respectively, and with HRs for allograft failure excluding death as a cause of 1.20 (1.12 to 1.28), 1.27 (1.14 to 1.41), 1.50 (1.36 to 1.66), 1.11 (1.02 to 1.20), and 0.94 (0.81 to 1.09), respectively. Considering external comparator groups, and comparing with IgAN, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and diabetic nephropathy associated with higher HRs for mortality [1.22 (1.12 to 1.34) and 2.57 (2.35 to 2.82), respectively], but ADPKD associated with a lower HR for allograft failure excluding death as a cause [0.85 (0.79 to 0.91)]. Reasons for differential outcomes by GN subtype and cause of ESRD should be examined in future research.
An Investigational RNAi Therapeutic Targeting Glycolate Oxidase Reduces Oxalate Production in Models of Primary Hyperoxaluria
Authors: Liebow Abigail , Li Xingsheng , Racie Timothy , Hettinger Julia , Bettencourt Brian R. , Najafian Nader , Haslett Patrick , Fitzgerald Kevin , Holmes Ross P. , Erbe David , Querbes William , Knight John
Published: July 2016

Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1), an inherited rare disease of glyoxylate metabolism, arises from mutations in the enzyme alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase. The resulting deficiency in this enzyme leads to abnormally high oxalate production resulting in calcium oxalate crystal formation and deposition in the kidney and many other tissues, with systemic oxalosis and ESRD being a common outcome. Although a small subset of patients manages the disease with vitamin B6 treatments, the only effective treatment for most is a combined liver-kidney transplant, which requires life-long immune suppression and carries significant mortality risk. In this report, we discuss the development of ALN-GO1, an investigational RNA interference (RNAi) therapeutic targeting glycolate oxidase, to deplete the substrate for oxalate synthesis. Subcutaneous administration of ALN-GO1 resulted in potent, dose-dependent, and durable silencing of the mRNA encoding glycolate oxidase and increased serum glycolate concentrations in wild-type mice, rats, and nonhuman primates. ALN-GO1 also increased urinary glycolate concentrations in normal nonhuman primates and in a genetic mouse model of PH1. Notably, ALN-GO1 reduced urinary oxalate concentration up to 50% after a single dose in the genetic mouse model of PH1, and up to 98% after multiple doses in a rat model of hyperoxaluria. These data demonstrate the ability of ALN-GO1 to reduce oxalate production in preclinical models of PH1 across multiple species and provide a clear rationale for clinical trials with this compound.
The possibility of modifications methods of determine volume of amniotic fluid
Authors: Mudrov Viktor A
Published: July 2016

Selection of the optimal tactics of pregnancy and childbirth significantly depends on the expected volume of amniotic fluid. The amount of amniotic fluid reflects a condition of a fetus and changes at pathological conditions of both a fetus, and an uteroplacental complex. The aim of the study was a modification of methods for determining the expected volume of amniotic fluid. On the basis of maternity hospitals Trans-Baikal Region in the years 2013-2015 was held retrospective and prospective analysis of 300 labor histories, which were divided into 3 equal groups: 1 group - pregnant women with a body mass index (BMI) for Quetelet less than 24, Group 2 - with a BMI from 24 to 30, group 3 - with a BMI more than 30. In order to determine the expected volume of amniotic fluid were used the subjective method, the Chamberlain’s and Phelan’s methods. The error in determining volume of amniotic fluid by the existing methods exceeds 10 %, that defined need of creation of a quantitative method. On the basis of mathematical and 3d-modeling of the volume of amniotic fluid and fetal weight determined pattern change, which is expressed by the formula: VAF = IAF × М × π / GA2, where IAF - index of amniotic fluid (mm), M - fetal weight (g), GA - gestational age (weeks). Through a comprehensive analysis of anthropometric research of the pregnant women defined formula’s volume of amniotic fluid: V = 0,017 × HUF × (AC - 25 × BMI / GA)2 - М, where GA - gestational age (weeks), AC - abdominal circumference of the pregnant women (cm), BMI - body mass index for Quetelet in the first trimester of pregnancy (kg/m2), HUF - height of an uterine fundus (cm), M - the estimated fetal weight (g). In calculating volume of amniotic fluid according to the proposed ultrasonic formula error does not exceed 5,3 %, anthropometric formula error does not exceed 10,2 %. Thus, the method has a smaller error compared to the standard, and can be used to reliably determine volume of amniotic fluid in II and III trimester of pregnancy.
Functional morphology of the placental villous tree at term singleton pregnancies, achieved by methods of assisted reproductive technology
Authors: Sosnina Aleksandra K , Tral Tatyana G , Krylova Julia S
Published: July 2016

Introduction. Of special interest in the use of assisted reproductive technology techniques (ART) is the placenta as the main authority responsible for the formation and growth of the fetus. Purpose and objectives. The aim of our research is to study the morpho-functional state of placenta after pregnancy achieved by means of ART. Research objectives: histological and immunohistochemical study using the CD34, NOS-3 and HIF in these placentas. Methods. Total 98 placentas from full-term singleton pregnancies with gestational age were examined. Two study groups were formed: a basic group - the placenta from pregnancy induced methods of ART (n = 60) was divided into I subgroup, which included 30 placentas from women with primary infertility and II subgroup - 30 placentas from women with secondary infertility comparison group consisted of the placenta from the naturally ensuing pregnancy (12 placentas from primigravidae and 26 placentas from multiparous patients). Results. Histological examination of the morphological structure of the placenta was found that the incidence of chronic placental insufficiency was 1.4 times higher than in the subgroup with secondary infertility. Immunohistochemical study of placentas in the basic group, there was a significant decrease in the expression of cell adhesion marker (CD34) in the vascular epithelium chorionic villi, decreased expression of vascular tone marker (NOS-3) and increase the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α) in the basic group compared to placenta s from children born naturally. Changes in the expression of the studied markers are most pronounced in the placentas from children born with secondary infertility, which is likely due to the high incidence of inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs in this subgroup. Conclusions. Endometrial pathology in primary and secondary infertility, can cause the formation of functional disorders and morphological structure of placental complex and occurrence in the future placental insufficiency.
Born this Way?: U.S. College Students Make Sense of the Biosocial Underpinnings of Race and Other Identities
Authors: Johnston-Guerrero Marc , Tran Vu
Published: July 2016

With advances in biotechnology come potential changes in how college students may understand the nature of identity. This study explores sensemaking around the biological underpinnings of proclaimed “social” identities (e.g., race, class, gender). Based on interviews with 34 undergraduate students recruited from two large, public, research universities in the United States, a conceptual model is offered to outline the general process of how students make sense of biological and/or social explanations of identity, including the role of controllability and essentialism. We discuss implications for multicultural education and teaching the “social construction” of identity in changing contexts.
The Needs of Educators in Intercultural and Bilingual Preschools in Chile: A Case Study
Authors: Becerra-Lubies Rukmini , Fones Aliza
Published: July 2016

Several studies have examined the lack of or the insufficient preparation of K-12 educators to work in intercultural and bilingual (IBE) schools in Chile, but little is known about the preparation of educators to teach in IBE preschools. Even less is known about teachers’ perceptions of their own preparation. This work contributes to a growing body of literature that examines the experiences and practice of second language teachers in Indigenous language education settings from a sociocultural perspective. This qualitative case study focuses on teachers’ perceptions of their preparation to teach Mapudungun, the language of the Mapuche people, in urban IBE preschools in Chile. Three research questions guide this study: What are teachers’ perceptions of their needs regarding their preparation to teach Mapudungun in urban IBE preschools? What are the current challenges that teachers face teaching Mapudungun in urban IBE preschools? Which experiences fostered their ability to teach Mapudungun? The findings of this study have implications for the incorporation of more complex notions of Indigenous language learning that are linked directly to Mapuche culture and its sociopolitical context, as well as the inclusion of teachers’ experiential knowledge in the preparation of teachers for work in IBE schools.
What is physical attractiveness? A discussion of definitions and paradigms
Authors: Szymanik-Kostrzewska Anna
Published: July 2016

The article raises the issue of physical attractiveness both in terms of its definition and as a theoretical construct, which forms the basis for planning empirical research. Based on a review of existing definitions and a predictive analysis of the meaning of terms, a definition of physical attractiveness as one of the types of human attractiveness is proposed. The criteria differentiating physical attractiveness from the related concept of sexual attractiveness are presented. Physical attractiveness is discussed as an object of operationalization in the process of designing research on the assessment or self-assessment of the appearance and characteristics of the human body, including a distinction between its two approaches: holistic (a set of a characteristics whose evaluations are interrelated) and elementary (one characteristic whose evaluations impact the assessment of overall physical attractiveness).
Reinforcement sensitivity and jealousy in romantic relationships
Authors: Moroń Marcin , Grzywnowicz Paulina , Łojan Adam , Szyszłow Marlena , Warlewska Ewa
Published: July 2016

Jealousy is an adaptive emotional reaction that signals threat to the current romantic relationship and motivates the person to protect that relationship. Given that jealousy is a mechanism of sensitivity to signals of relational threat, it was predicted that neurobiological systems of fight-flight- -freeze (FFFS) and behavioral inhibition (BIS) would be positively correlated with emotional jealousy. It was also predicted that these associations would be stronger in individuals highly committed to their relationships. We examined the mediatory role of approach-avoidance social goals in relations between BIS, FFFS, behavioral activation system (BAS), and the experience of jealousy. The present study was conducted on a group of 217 participants aged between 17 and 36 years, involved in romantic relationships. The results showed that the sensitivity of BIS and the freeze system (FFFS) was correlated positively with the intensity of jealousy. Commitment appeared to moderate the relations between FFFS and the intensity of jealousy. Avoidance social goals mediated the relation between BIS and the intensity of jealousy.
Wrażliwość na wzmocnienia a zazdrość w związkach romantycznych
Authors: Moroń Marcin , Grzywnowicz Paulina , Łojan Adam , Szyszłow Marlena , Warlewska Ewa
Published: July 2016

Jealousy is an adaptive emotional reaction that signals threat to the current romantic relationship and motivates the person to protect that relationship. Given that jealousy is a mechanism of sensitivity to signals of relational threat, it was predicted that neurobiological systems of fight-flight- -freeze (FFFS) and behavioral inhibition (BIS) would be positively correlated with emotional jealousy. It was also predicted that these associations would be stronger in individuals highly committed to their relationships. We examined the mediatory role of approach-avoidance social goals in relations between BIS, FFFS, behavioral activation system (BAS), and the experience of jealousy. The present study was conducted on a group of 217 participants aged between 17 and 36 years, involved in romantic relationships. The results showed that the sensitivity of BIS and the freeze system (FFFS) was correlated positively with the intensity of jealousy. Commitment appeared to moderate the relations between FFFS and the intensity of jealousy. Avoidance social goals mediated the relation between BIS and the intensity of jealousy.
Mirror, Mirror on the Screen, What Does All this ASCII Mean?: A Pilot Study of Spontaneous Facial Mirroring of Emotions
Authors: O'Neill Brittney
Published: July 2016

Though an ever-increasing mode of communication, computer-mediated communication (CMC) faces challenges in its lack of paralinguistic cues, such as vocal tone and facial expression. Researchers suggest that emoticons fill the gap left by facial expression (Rezabek & Cochenour, 1998; Thompson & Foulger, 1996). The fMRI research of Yuasa, Saito, and Mukawa (2011b), in contrast, finds that viewing ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) emoticons (e.g., :), :(  ) does not activate the same parts of the brain as does viewing facial expressions. In the current study, an online survey was conducted to investigate the effects of emoticons on perception of ambiguous sentences and users’ beliefs about the effects of and reasons for emoticon use. In the second stage of the study, eleven undergraduate students participated in an experiment to reveal facial mimicry responses to both faces and emoticons. Overall, the students produced more smiling than frowning gestures. Emoticons were found to elicit facial mimicry to a somewhat lesser degree than photographs of faces, while male and female participants differed in response to both ASCII emoticons and distractor images (photos of non-human, non-facial subjects used to prevent participants from immediately grasping the specific goal of the study). This pilot study suggests that emoticons, though not analogous to faces, affect viewers in ways similar to facial expression whilst also triggering other unique effects.
Psicología, Bioética y Narrativa cinematográfica: un análisis cualitativo de producciones de estudiantes sobre conflictos bioéticos relacionados con la identidad
Authors: Cambra Badii Irene
Published: July 2016

En la actualidad, llegan a un público masivo series televisivas en las que se despliegan dilemas bioéticos de la práctica de los profesionales de la salud. Objetivos: a) analizar cómo ven estudiantes de grado distintas situaciones dilemáticas, sin conocimientos previos; b) interrogar en las elaboraciones de los estudiantes la cuestión de la identidad en relación a la dimensión genética y simbólica. Métodos: A través de un enfoque cualitativo y siguiendo la Grounded Theory para el análisis discursivo, realizamos dos etapas de trabajo: 1) Los estudiantes elaboraron escritos sobre la totalidad de los episodios de la serie House, 2) un grupo focal trabajó con un episodio a fines de indagar si reconocían una situación de ocultamiento filiatorio, y qué proponían que debía hacer el profesional. Resultados: Todos los escritos de los estudiantes coinciden en su profundidad en base a un material concreto de pocos minutos de duración, aún sin contar con conocimientos previos. En cuanto a la cuestión filiatoria, el trabajo fue complejo ya que la perspectiva psicológica y biomédica entran en conflicto. Conclusión: La narrativa cinematográfica incluye la dimensión subjetiva  y nos permite abordar situaciones de modo complejo; actúa no sólo como estrategia didáctica sino como productora de aprendizajes nuevos. 
Vejez y eugenesia en Colombia. Consideraciones históricas y bioéticas
Authors: Guerra García Yolanda M.
Published: July 2016

Este artículo es derivado de la Investigación Hum 2033 “Vejez y envejecimiento consideraciones biopolíticas”. La metodología de la investigación es documental, se realizó un análisis histórico interpretativo, en el que se estudiaron los principales documentos del siglo XIX y principios del siglo XX, que contienen los discursos sobre el degeneramiento de la raza colombiana, ya sea por vejez o por enfermedad y condiciones de color, clima y cultura. Se encontró en esta búsqueda que Colombia ha sido uno de los primeros países del mundo en promulgar normas eugenésicas (1917) mucho antes incluso que Alemania, que empezó con la normatividad eugenésica con Hitler en 1931. Esas ideas eugenésicas de Darwin y Galton (1890) han tenido una trascendencia enorme en Colombia, porque sembraron en la cultura y la idiosincrasia del ciudadano colombiano la semilla de la discriminación contra su prójimo por razones de edad, raza, condiciones de enfermedad, discapacidad, sexo, ideas políticas y otros aspectos que introdujeron de manera directa los discursos de la “degeneración” de principios de siglo que serán analizados a continuación.
Dialogo bioética-derechos humanos y ética civil en el ejercicio de la ciudadanía: caso comunidad LGTB
Authors: Joya Ramirez Nohora
Published: July 2016

Este artículo analiza los discursos del ejercicio de la ciudadanía en la comunidad lgtb a partir del diálogo bioética-derechos humanos. A través de un estudio cualitativo, enmarcado dentro del paradigma comprensivo permitió a partir de los actores reconocer las subjetividades e intersubjetividades. La comprensión del fenómeno en estudio requirió de una aproximación hermenéutica para ser descrita e interpretada a partir de entrevistas a profundidad a ocho sujetos de la comunidad lgtb a través de análisis del discurso. Así pues, se observó que el ejercicio bioético de la ciudadanía en la comunidad lgtb está permeado por una sociedad machista heteronormativa y las instituciones fundamentalistas no reconocen la ciudadanía plena de las personas lgtb, se imponen jerarquías y poder, y se expresan y enseñan el estigma y la discriminación hacia los hombres y mujeres con diversidad sexual. A partir de esto se concluyó que las sociedades patriarcales, heterosexistas, misóginas y homofóbicas expresan claramente jerarquías de poder, estigma y discriminación, y de esta manera se inhibe el ejercicio de la ciudadanía de las personas con diversidad sexual y de género.
A POLÍTICA DE HABITAÇÃO DE INTERESSE SOCIAL E A DIMENSÃO URBANA EM MUNICÍPIOS DA AMAZÔNIA/PARÁ
Authors: Ribeiro Rovaine
Published: July 2016

O presente texto trata da relação entre a política urbana de habitação de interesse social no Brasil em seu período recente e a diversidade urbano-regional da Amazônia e em particular em alguns municípios do Pará.  Nesse sentido, apontamos como questões centrais: a) A relação entre a política urbana de habitação de interesse social no Brasil e a diversidade urbano-regional dos municípios da Amazônia/Pará; b) O papel do Estado e a lógica das relações de poder no desenvolvimento de suas ações atreladas neste caso, ao desenvolvimento da política urbana. Assim faz-se necessário compreender o paradoxo entre o reconhecimento/não reconhecimento da diversidade urbano-regional e da população dos municípios brasileiros, visto que ao mesmo tempo em que a política prevê a contemplação do direito à cidade e da função social da cidade e da propriedade, a sua efetivação acaba por deixar à margem da cidade, exatamente aqueles sujeitos que têm suas realidades vividas construídas cotidianamente na margem do rio ou da estrada, e que veem essas práticas espaciais diversas e singulares, sendo homogeneizadas no âmbito do planejamento urbano através das representações que se criam desses espaços, mas que por sua vez constituem o espaço do possível, na medida em que são práticas espaciais residuais no/do urbano  (LEFEBVRE, 2001)
O desenvolvimento econômico regional do Brasil
Authors: Klein Cristiane Fernanda , Ferrera de Lima Jandir
Published: July 2016

A agroecologia ainda não forneceu instrumentos e critérios de análise para desenvolver estratégias locais ou regionais, onde os aspectos políticos e institucionais desempenhem um papel fundamental. Este artigo tem como objetivo contribuir para a superação dessas deficiências pela fundação teórica de como deveria ser a agroecologia envolvida na política. A agricultura familiar é o sujeito. É por meio dela que já se desenvolve a agroecologia, obtendo uma transição do modelo da agricultura tradicional, que traz a segurança alimentar para um modelo alternativo. Em primeiro lugar, argumenta-se que, como construção sócio ecológica, agroecossistemas é o produto de relações de poder. Em segundo lugar, mostra a estreita relação que a dinâmica dos agroecossistemas têm com a política e, portanto, o papel de destaque que ocupam no processo de transição agroecológica. É possível perceber a ausência de reflexões sobre a política da Agroecologia. Contudo, a amplitude dos movimentos agroecológicos e as experiências que são realizadas em diferentes níveis de ambos os governos locais e regionais aconselham o desenvolvimento por aspectos políticos da teoria agroecológica. Finalmente, tentada a um diagnóstico sob a situação do sistema global de alimentos, no qual o contexto das experiências agroecológicas deve ser desenvolvido.Palavras-Chave: Agroecologia, Sustentabilidade da Agricultura, Política Pública, Agroalimentar e Crise.ABSTRACTThe agroecology does not yet provide tools and analysis criteria to develop local and regional strategies, where political and institutional aspects play a key role. This article aims to contribute to overcoming these deficiencies by the theoretical foundation of how it should beAgroecology involved in politics. Family farming is the subject. It is through her that already develops agroecology, getting a transition from the model of traditional agriculture, which provides food security for an alternative model. First, it is argued that, as a socio-ecological construction, agro-ecosystems is the product of power relations. Secondly, it shows the close relationship that the dynamics of agro-ecosystems have with politics and therefore the important role they occupy in agroecological transition. Currently you can see that there isvery little reflection on the politics of Agroecology. However, the range of agroecological movements and experiences that are held at different levels of both local and regional governments advise the development of political aspects of agro-ecological theory. Finally, a diagnosis attempted under the situation of global food system, in which the context of agroecological experiments must be developed.Keywords: Agroecology, Sustainable Agriculture, Public Policy, Agribusiness and Crisis.
A crise da razão e a revanche do irracional*
Authors: Japiassu Hilton
Published: July 2016

*O presente trabalho foi encomendado no ano de 2014, por ocasião de conferência ministrada pelo Prof.Hilton Japiassú na UFT. Após a conferência, a então gestão da Universidade Federal do Tocantins instituiu o Prêmio Hilton Japiassú de Excelência em Pesquisa, através de sua Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa e Pós-graduação. Em homenagem ao referido professor, a comissão editorial de Desafios decidiu manter o texto original, tal como foi enviado em sua primeira versão. O Prof.Hilton Japiassu faleceu, no Rio de Janeiro, no ano de 2015.
Ecoescatologia – Contribuições Protestantes para uma Convergência Teológica para a Libertação
Authors: Ahlert Alvori
Published: July 2016

Este texto objetiva identificar as contribuições da teologia protestante na busca de convergências entre a escatologia e a ecologia como novos significadores para a práxis da fé a partir da teologia no contexto da crise ecológica. Para isso, evidencia o conceito de escatologia e suas perspectivas de transformação processadas a partir de novos significantes para a atualidade nos debates dos teólogos protestantes Jürgem Moltmann, Paul Tillich, Richard Shaull e Vítor Westhelle. Analisa o conceito de ecologia para o contexto do debate e da interação com a teologia. Conclui-se que a convergência entre as dimensões da ecologia e da escatologia, que resulta numa ecoescatologia que se configura num importante instrumento para a renovação de uma teologia libertadora que ajude na construção de outro mundo possível e necessário.This text aims to identify how contributions of protestant theology in the search for convergences between eschatology and ecology as a new significations to praxis of faith from the theology without the context of the ecological crisis. For this, shows the concept of eschatology and its prospects of transformation processed from new significant in the current debates of theologians protestants Jürgem Moltmann , Paul Tillich , Richard Shaull and Vitor Westhelle . Analyzes the ecology concept to the context of debate and interaction with theology. It is concluded that the convergence between the dimensions of ecology and eschatology, resulting in ecoeschatology which constitutes an important tool for the renewal of a liberating theology that helps in building another possible and necessary world.
Religion, Education, and Social Transformation: With Reference to the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Tanzania
Authors: Mallayo Biniel
Published: July 2016

Three key concepts, namely religion, education and social-transformation are discussed together in this paper. The main idea is to identify the contribution of religion, through education, to the transformation of Tanzanian society. For preciseness, this paper narrows to the only one body of denomination; that is the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Tanzania (ELCT). This does not disqualify the massive contributions from other religions, organizations as well as the government to the social transformation. An actual fact is that transformation is a complex phenomenon, since it is a process and a product of various internal and external factors. Which means; it is not easy to confine transformation to only one agent or factor or period. Although a great work is being done by religion to transform society; still the same critical questions are swinging in the whole discussion: How relevant is education in impacting a sustainable transformation? Is a seemingly transformation a product of education or a natural transformation that comes with globally related advancement? How do we rate transformation in the society where spiritualism overrules reason?  All these questions are aimed to create awareness to both religions and other bodies that play a role for social transformation; to re-evaluate their system and methods of education for a more sustainable outcome. Este artigo discute três conceitos-chave: religião, educação e transformação social. Sua ideia principal é identificar a contribuição da religião, através da educação, para a transformação social na Tanzania. Para ser mais preciso, trata apenas de uma denominação: a Igreja Evangélica Luterana na Tanzania (IELT). Isto não desqualifica as contribuições massivas de outras religiões, organizações e o governo para transformação social. Um fato real é que a transformação é fenômeno complexo, pois é um processo e produto de vários fatores internos e externos. Isto significa que não fácil reduzir a transformação a apenas um agente, fator ou período. Muito trabalho está sendo feito para transformar a sociedade, mas ainda as mesmas questões críticas estão presentes em todas as discussões: Qual a relevância da educação para impactar uma transformação sustentável? A transformação é um produto da educação ou uma transformação natural que vem com o avanço globalmente relacionado? Como podemos avaliar a transformação numa sociedade em que o espiritualismo prevalece sobre a razão?  Todas estas questões visam criar uma consciência tanto para a religião quanto os outros corpos que tem um papel na transformação social e reavaliar seu sistema e método de educação para um resultado mais sustentável.
The RadioAstron dedicated DiFX distribution
Authors: Bruni Gabriele , Anderson James M. , Alef Walter , Rottmann Helge , Lobanov Andrei P. , Zensus J. Anton
Published: July 2016

DiFX is a software VLBI correlator currently adopted by several main correlation sites around the globe. After the launch of the RadioAstron Space-VLBI mission in 2011, an extension was necessary to handle processing of an orbiting antenna, to be correlated with supporting ground arrays. We present here a branch of the main DiFX distribution (2.4), recently uploaded on the publicly available repository, that MPIfR developed to process data of the three AGN-imaging RadioAstron key science projects. It can account for general relativistic correction of an orbiting antenna with variable position/velocity, providing a routine to covert the native RDF format to the more common M5B one. Also, a fringe-finding algorithm able to manage arbitrary large fringe-search window is included, allowing one to increase the search space normally adopted by common software packages like HOPS.
Rehabilitación de la alimentación por vía oral en niños con enfermedades respiratorias crónicas y nutrición enteral prolongada
Authors: Angulo Daniela , Bustos Edson , Sánchez Andrés , Barja Salesa
Published: July 2016

Introducción: la rehabilitación de la alimentación por vía oral (RVO) es compleja en pacientes que han recibido nutrición enteral (NE) prolongada. Objetivo: describir este proceso en niños con enfermedades respiratorias crónicas y sonda nasoenteral (SNE) o gastrostomía (GT).Pacientes y métodos: estudio retrospectivo con revisión de registros clínicos de niños con NE mayor a dos meses, ingresados entre 2005 y 2014 al Hospital Josefina Martínez.Resultados: Se incluyeron 116 pacientes, con mediana de edad 10 meses (Rango: 3 a 101), 56% hombres. Diagnóstico: 34,5% Daño pulmonar crónico postinfeccioso (DPC), 29,3% Insuficiencia respiratoria por enfermedad neuromuscular, 19% Displasia broncopulmonar y 17,2% enfermedad de la vía aérea. Con traqueostomía: 82,8%. Eran usuarios de GT 89,7% y de SNG 10,3%, instaladas con mediana de edad 6 meses (0 a 74), por ingesta insuficiente (6,6%) o trastorno de deglución (92,4%). Del grupo total, 36,2% (42/116) tenía indicación de RVO, los cuales habían recibido NE durante 12,2 meses (2 a 41); de estos 50% (21/42) logró alimentarse exclusivamente por vía oral (91% SNG y 35,4% GT, Chi2 p = 0,023), 14% parcialmente y 36% no lo logró. El tiempo para lograr la vía oral exclusiva fue de 9,75 meses (0,5 a 47), sin diferencia por edad, sexo, vía de acceso, duración NE ni presencia de enfermedad neurológica.Conclusión: en pacientes con enfermedades respiratorias crónicas graves y NE prolongada, la RVO es un proceso lento pero posible: 64% lo logra de modo completo o parcial.