bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Roads imperil South American protected areas
Authors: Schauman Santiago A. , Jobbágy Esteban G. , Peñuelas Josep , Laurance William F. , Baldi Germán
Published: December 2024

Protected areas (PAs) in South America play a crucial role in safeguarding biodiversity and ecosystem services. However, the widespread presence of roads within PAs poses a major yet largely overlooked threat to their ecological integrity. In this study, we used the most recent and consistent global roads dataset to evaluate the extent and spatial distribution of road networks within South American PAs. Our analysis revealed approximately 150,000 km of roads—equivalent to 3.5 times the Earth’s circumference. This extensive network exacerbates habitat fragmentation, increasing the number of PA patches from 1,230 to over 43,000, with 75% of these fragments smaller than 1 km². Consequently, seven out of nine terrestrial biomes on the continent have their protected interiors, on average, less than 4 km from the nearest road or unprotected surroundings. Roads infiltrate PAs through multiple entry points (13 per PA, on average), with 36% classified as highways or primary roads facilitating rapid transit and 20% paved, further amplifying their vulnerability to potential anthropogenic stressors. Only remote regions, such as flooded grasslands and savannas, Sub-Antarctic forests, and large areas of the Amazon basin, exhibit low road presence within PAs. Immediate conservation action is essential, with a focus on transparent road monitoring and management to maintain the ecological functions of these vital landscapes and ensure the long-term conservation of nature.
L-type calcium channels regulate decision-making process during fear learning in the zebrafish
Authors: Ogawa Satoshi , Lim Gen Wen , Roy Nisa
Published: December 2024

L-type calcium channels (LTCCs), is a family of the high-voltage activated family of voltage-dependent calcium channel. In the central nervous system, LTCCs play variety of roles including dendritic development, neuronal survival, synaptic plasticity, cognition, and behaviour. However, the role of LTCCs in cognitive function such as learning and memory are controversial. LTCCs and their encoding genes (CACNA1s) are evolutionarily conserved, but the role of LTCCs in cognitive function in non-mammalian species remains obscure. Hence, in this study, we examined the effect of a LTCC agonist, (±)-Bay K8644 on fear-associated learning using the conditioned place avoidance paradigm in adult zebrafish. Intraperitoneal administration of Bay K8644 did not diminish conditioned avoidance learning, while the fish treated with Bay K8644 spend a longer duration in the non-conditioned compartment as compared to control. This suggests that LTCCs could a crucial role in the decision-making process, rather than fear consolidation or fear retrieval in zebrafish.
Extracellular vesicles produced in hollow fiber bioreactor as potential drug delivery systems – cell uptake tracking with label-free optical diffraction tomography
Authors: Wawrowicz Kamil , Durak-Kozica Martyna , Marzejon Marcin , Trusiak Maciej , Stępień Ewa Ł.
Published: December 2024

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as one of the most promising candidates for novel drug delivery systems (DDS). Unique features, like biocompatibility, encapsulation capability and functionalization for precise targeting make them an attractive candidates for biomedical applications. However, despite the numerous benefits, progress in EVs-based DDS translation from bench to clinics remains highly challenging. One of key limitations that needs to be addressed are low production yield, limited reproducibility and poor understating of their natural, in vitro/in vivo behavior. To address these challenges, we aimed to establish a bioreactor-based system for long-term, high-yield EV production and evaluate their internalization capabilities using label-free tomography.
Hollow fiber system was implemented as bioreactor for production and pre-purification of extracellular vesicles in long time manner. The obtained vesicles were characterized by spectral flow cytometry, tunable resistive pulse sensing (tRPR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Subsequently, in order to investigate their biological functions, EVs uptake by target cells was evaluated with label-free techniques, such as Optical Diffraction Tomography (ODT) and Fourier Ptychographic Microscopy (FPM).
Bioreactor enabled to performed five week long continuous production of extracellular vesicles with high homogeneity among each collected batch. This include tetraspanins expression, and more importantly, narrow size distribution with low, ~5% differences. Reconstructed tomographic images revealed that obtained extracellular vesicles can effectively internalize into the target, pancreatic, cells and were preferentially located in perinuclear area. This first stage results are highly promising for further development such approaches for high yield EVs production and its label-free in vitro tracking.
Ästhetische Praktiken im Kontext von Gangsta-Rap
Authors: Bock Katharina
Published: December 2024

Gangsta-Rap stellt einen ebenso interessanten wie gehaltvollen Forschungsgegenstand dar, der Perspektiven eröffnet, die in der Szeneforschung, der Medien- und Kultursoziologie sowie der Medienpädagogik bislang (stark) unterrepräsentiert sind. Dieser Beitrag vertritt die These von Gangsta-Rap als Ressource und Medium der Ermöglichung, in dessen Rahmen sich der Eigenwert und Eigensinn populärer Musik und Kultur artikulieren kann, das neue Möglichkeiten des Erlebens, des Selbstausdrucks und der Partizipation eröffnet und so das je eigene Aktions- und Wirkungsfeld der Beteiligten zu vergrössern vermag. Dies wird anhand von ethnografischem Datenmaterial ausgeführt, das im Rahmen einer Studie mit jungen Szene-Insidern gewonnen wurde. Der Beitrag stellt eine Gruppe männlicher Musikenthusiasten vor, die Gangsta-Rap nicht nur gerne hören, sondern die Musik auch selbst produzieren, womit die Gruppe exemplarisch für eine junge Anhänger:innenschaft steht, die das Genre kommunikativ und kreativ für ihre eigen(sinnig)en Zwecke nutzt. Diese Insider zeichnen sich durch ein umfangreiches Spezialwissen zum Gegenstand aus, das sie kompetent anzuwenden verstehen. Dabei machen sie von unterschiedlichen ästhetischen Praktiken Gebrauch, die uns detaillierte Einblicke in Bedeutungszuschreibungen und Aneignungsweisen im Kontext umstrittener populärer Musik und Szene-Kultur ermöglichen.
Geometry of strata of differentials on Riemann surfaces
Authors:   , Wong Yiu Man
Published: December 2024

We construct an algorithm for computing the cycle classes of the spin components of a stratum of differentials in the moduli space of stable curves. In addition, we implement it within the Sage package admcycles. Our main strategy is to reconstruct these cycles by their restrictions to the boundary via clutching maps.
We compute the rational cohomology of the moduli space of non-singular genus 4 curves with $1$ marked point, using Gorinov-Vassiliev's method.
Generalized strata of meromorphic differentials are loci in the usual strata of differentials, where certain sets of residues sum up to zero. They appear naturally in the boundary of the multi-scale compactification of the usual strata. We will classify the connected components of generalized strata in genus different from one.
O abraço que não está na lei: O acesso aos direitos fundamentais em meio à calamidade pública instalada no Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Bonfada Luana Carolina , Allebrandt Sérgio Luís
Published: December 2024

O presente artigo propõe-se a debater sobre a relevância dos atores judiciais enquanto protagonistas da organização societária em situações emergenciais de calamidade pública. Busca, assim, realizar uma exposição acerca dos direitos fundamentais que podem ser acessados por meio da Justiça, e a relação do Estado para a sua satisfação e garantia até mesmo em momentos de crise. O estudo está embasado no diálogo mantido com o Promotor de Justiça Regional lotado em Lajeado, cidade localizada no Vale do Taquari, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, uma das muitas localidades gaúchas afetadas pelas inundações ocorridas em setembro de 2023 e em maio de 2024. A partir da coleta de dados é possível verificar a necessidade de atuação extraprocessual de tais agentes, evidenciando que as necessidades do ser humano vão muito além ou, por vezes,  simplesmente se resumem na espera de um abraço que não está na lei.
EFFECT OF A NEW NICOTINIC ACID DERIVATIVE AND A NEW HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUND ON THE LEVEL OF ANIMAL'S HIPPOCAMPUS
Authors:   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Yasnetsov Vik.V. , Ivanov Yu.V. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Yasnetsov V.V. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
Published: December 2024

Experiments on hippocampal slices in rats demonstrated that new nicotinic acid derivative LKHT 20-19 and heterocyclic compound LKhT 3-21 at the concentrations of 5 mM inhibited orthodromic population responses in field СА1 by 78  2 % and 96  3 %, respectively; comparison preparation mexicor (ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate) in the similar concentration inhibited these responses by 52  4 %. Effectiveness of LKHT 20-19 and LKHT 3-21 exceeded that of mexicor in 1.5 and 1.8 times, respectively; LKHT 3-21 exceeded LKHT 20-19 in 1.2 times. Competitive AMPA receptor antagonist CNQX at 1 µM counteracted the depressing effect of LKHT 20-19 in 1.1 times more distinctly than of LKHT 3-21: by 91  1 % and 85  1 %, respectively. Also, in the presence of L-glutamate (0.75 М), LKHT 20-19 (5 mМ) inhibited the evoked responses of neurons by 83  1 % and LKHT 3-21 (5 mМ) by 92  1 %. In its turn, CNQX mitigated inhibition of the LKHT 20-19 evoked responses in 1.1 times more distinctly than LKHT 3-21, i.e. by 94  1 % and 84  1 %, respectively. Therefore, LKHT 20-19 and LKHT 3-21 inhibit the synaptic transmission between the Schaffer colaterals and СА1 pyramidal neurons. Both compounds have the L-glutamate origin that shows itself almost entirely in LKHT 3-21 and less, though predominantly, in LKHT 20-19. Effects of these new compounds are achieved owing the main (LKHT 20-19) or predominant (LKHT 3-21) involvement of the AMPA glutamate receptors. It can be concluded that the hippocampus has a significant role in realization of the central effect of these new compounds.
INHIBITION OF THE PI3KS SLOWS DOWN ATROPHY DEVELOPMENT IN RAT'S M. SOLEUS AFTER 3-DAY FUNCTIONAL DISLOADING
Authors:   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Zaripova К.А. , Belova S.P. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Shenkman B.S. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Nemirovskaya Т.L. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
Published: December 2024

Phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) (PI3Kγ, specifically) can be activated by a change in the membrane potential due to muscle functional unloading; as a result, IP3 enhances Ca2+ entry in the nucleus via IS3R. This benefits activation of the transcriptional factors that trigger atrophy.
Inhibitor LY294002 was used to explore the PI3K role in ATP-dependent regulation of signaling in rat's muscles after 3-day suspension. PI3K inhibition after functional unloading slows down m. soleus atrophy, prevents ATP deposition, and expression of Е3-ubuquitine ligase MuRF1 and ubuquitine, prevents rise in expression of IP3-receptors, regulates the activity of Ca-dependent signaling pathways by reducing expression of Ca-dependent мРНК CaN markers, and phosphorylation of CaMKII (Са/calmodulin kinase II); the inhibitor modulates also regulation of the anabolic signaling markers IRS1 and 4E-BP in unloaded muscles.
EFFECT OF ACID SPHINGOMYELINASE INHIBITOR ON REGULATION OF FAST AND SLOW ISOFORMS OF MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN EXPRESSION IN RAT SOLEUS MUSCLE DURING 7-DAY FUNCTIONAL UNLOADING
Authors:   Izhevsk State Medical Academy, Izhevsk, Bryndina I.G. , Protopopov V.A. ,   Izhevsk State Medical Academy, Izhevsk, Sekunov A.V. ,   Izhevsk State Medical Academy, Izhevsk, Omeliukhina D.V. ,   Izhevsk State Medical Academy, Izhevsk
Published: December 2024

Functional unloading of postural muscles leads to atrophy and changes in regulation of myosin heavy chains (MyHC) expression resulting in shifting the muscle phenotype towards a more active synthesis of fast MHCs isoforms.
This investigation was concerned with regulation of Iβ, IIA, IIB and IIDX expression in rat m. soleus after 7-day tail-suspension; some of the suspended rats were treated with amitriptyline, an acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) inhibitor. Expression of the MyHC genes was assessed using real-time PCR and western-blotting. Blotting was also used to determine levels of phosphorylated and unphosphorylated forms of proteins involved in the regulation of muscle myosin phenotype (NFAT1 and MyoD1). Immunofluorescence microscopy was used to analyze muscle sections for changes in ceramide and ASM, and morphological signs of atrophy.
It was shown that amitryptiline prevented such typical unloading-induced changes in m. soleus phenotype, as a decreased expression of slow MyHC isoform and increased expression of fast isoforms. Also, amitryptiline prevented muscle atrophy, activation of MyoD1 and inactivation of NFAT1. These observations indicate participation of ASM and ceramide in signaling pathways involved in the development of postural muscle atrophy and changes in its myosin phenotype caused by functional unloading.
Effect of water management in soil on weed interference in the onion cultivation system
Authors:   , Souza Matheus de Freitas
Published: December 2024

Práticas agrícolas funcionam como filtro ecológico de Weeds, selecionando aquelas mais adaptadas ao agrossistema. As características das espécies infestantes e as perturbações promovidas por cultivos moldam a comunidade de Weeds, influenciando o desempenho produtivo das culturas. Dentre as práticas, a irrigação pode afetar diretamente o estabelecimento de algumas espécies de Weeds, e uma comunidade melhor adaptada pode intensificar o grau de interferência sobre a cultura. Este estudo tem como objetivos avaliar as alterações provocadas por dois sistemas de irrigação (Micro-sprinkler - alta e Drip - baixa taxa de aplicação de água) na comunidade de Weeds ao longo de três safras de cultivo da cebola (Allium cepa L.), e como essas mudanças afetam a produtividade, uso da água e período de interferência dos sistemas. A γ, α, β-diversidade foram alteradas pelo cultivo de cebola ao longo dos três anos de cultivo. O sistema com maior suprimento de água (Micro-sprinkler) favoreceu a diversidade e riqueza de Weeds, principalmente no segundo ano de cultivo comparado ao sistema com restrição hídrica (Drip). A espécie de planta daninha dominante no primeiro ciclo de cultivo mudou comparado ao último ciclo para os dois sistemas de irrigação. A mudança na comunidade de Weeds entre os anos de cultivo afetou a produtividade de bulbos comerciais e eficiência no uso da água (EUA) da cebola cultivada sob Drip e Micro-sprinkler. Para cultivos de cebola irrigados por Drip, a redução na eficiência no uso da água foi ainda mais drástica. O rendimento relativo da cebola foi influenciado pela duração do período em convivência com as Weeds, independentemente dos sistemas de irrigação. Períodos crescentes de interferência de Weeds reduziram significativamente a produção de cebola em todos os anos. No sistema de Drip, o período crítico de prevenção (PCPI) variou de 25 a 36 DAE em 2016, 12 a 28 DAE em 2017 e 16 a 89 DAE em 2018 com base no nível de 5% de perda de rendimento aceitável. No sistema de Micro-sprinkler o PCPI variou de 06 a 24 DAE em 2016, 10 a 62 DAE em 2017 e 24 a 65 DAE em 2018. A duração do PCPI depende do sistema de irrigação utilizado e da composição da comunidade infestante em cada ano-safra. Os sistemas de irrigação influenciam o início e o fim do PCPI. Weeds reduzem a sustentabilidade do sistema de cultivo da cebola irrigada quando elas não são controladas
Recall brasileiro: uma análise pelo método do Direito Comparado
Authors: Jacob João Paulo
Published: December 2024

Este artigo investiga a viabilidade da implementação do mecanismo de recall no Brasil, utilizando o método do direito comparado. Através da análise de sistemas jurídicos que já adotam o recall, como Estados Unidos e países latino-americanos, busca-se entender as implicações, vantagens e desafios de sua aplicação no contexto brasileiro. O artigo tem como objetivo principal avaliar a viabilidade da implementação do mecanismo de recall no sistema político brasileiro. Especificamente, busca-se: Analisar as experiências internacionais de recall e seus resultados; Identificar os desafios legais e políticos para a implementação do recall no Brasil; Avaliar as potenciais consequências da adoção do recall para a estabilidade política e governança no Brasil. A pesquisa adota o método do direito comparado, através do qual se analisam legislações, processos e casos de recall em diferentes jurisdições. A seleção dos países para comparação baseia-se na diversidade de sistemas políticos e na presença consolidada do recall em sua estrutura democrática. Resultados indicam que o recall poderia fortalecer a democracia no Brasil, mas enfrenta obstáculos como reformas constitucionais, uso partidário e risco de instabilidade política. Sua eficácia depende da integração à cultura política.
Expert Systems in Preformulation and Formulation Development with Special Reference to SeDeM System: An Innovative, Problem Solving, Intelligent and Optimization Algorithm Tool
Authors: Shukla Ajay Kumar , Yadav Vimal Kumar , Verma Megha , Kanaujia Kunal Agam , Jaiswal Anupam , Gupta Vandana
Published: December 2024

In the field of pharmaceutical research, expert tool has become a game-changing tool that is altering many aspects of drug discovery and
development. Understanding the physicochemical characteristics of drug candidates is essential for developing formulation methods, and this is
where preformulation studies come into play. The incorporation of expert tools in preformulation research is thoroughly examined in this review,
which also highlights the problems, applications, and future prospects of these techniques. Further, the present review focuses on role of SeDeM
expert system to generate information about drug and excipients in association with Artificial Intelligence (AI). Researchers can identify safer and
more effective therapies by utilizing AI-driven techniques to accelerate drug development processes, optimize formulations, and reduce risks
related to drug delivery.
Evaluating the Colonization Efficiency of Probiotic Bacteria in Intestinal Milieu and Fish Growth Promotion
Authors: Bhattacharya Sabyasachi , Bhakta Jatindra Nath , Lahiri Susmita , Panigrahi Asish Kumar
Published: December 2024

Objectives:

The objective of the present study was to select potent probiotics by evaluating
the survival and colonization properties of some probiotic bacterial strains in fish intestinal milieu
and fish growth promotion.

Methods:

The fish culture experiment was conducted in aquariums (60 l) introducing twenty fingerlings
per aquarium (L. bata, 10 fingerlings and L. rohita, 10 fingerlings) and feeding through different
supplementary feed fortified (inoculated) by eleven different probiotic strains of Lactobacillus
fermentum (As11, Cd16, Cd28, Pb8 and Pb9) and Lactobacillus reuteri (Butch14, Butch21,
Chlop24, Chlop13, Stpt9 and Stpt41). The survival of probiotic bacterial and fish growth was recorded
at regular intervals.

Results:

The higher population (1 – 61 cfu x 104/g) and colonization efficiency (CE; L. bata, 1266
to 2000%) of different probiotic strains were observed in the intestinal milieu of fish treated with
probiotics. Although all probiotic-treated fish showed a higher absolute growth rate (AGR; L. bata,
0.02 – 0.049 g/day and L. rohita, 0.2 – 0.5 g/day) compared to the control, the Butch14, As11, and
Stpt41 strains exhibited an excellent AGR than the other strains. The negative correlation between
CE and AGR (r² = -0.577 for L. bata and r² = -0.379 for L. rohita) signified that probiotic bacterial
CE is not the primary fish growth-promoting factor.

Conclusion:

It can be concluded that the employed Lac. fermentum As11 as well as Lac. reuteri
Butch14 and Stpt41 could be considered excellent probiotic candidates, and probiotic-mediated fish
growth is largely dependent upon the type of probiotic strains rather than the CE of probiotics.
Biochemical Laboratory Tests
Authors: Kharb Simmi
Published: December 2024

This chapter gives an overview of the basic principles, components, types, and applications of equipment such as a spectrophotometer, colorimeter, ELISA reader, radioimmunoassay (RIA) analyzer, electrophoresis and chromatography and centrifugation. This chapter also makes the learner know about the basic principles, different types of laboratory tests, and their applications. At the end of this chapter, the diagnostic approaches are being discussed.
People and Processes in Technological Development for Business Advancement in Indian Companies
Authors: Deb Nandini , Lal Ruhi , Gogoi Deep Moni
Published: December 2024

The dynamic landscape of Indian companies is characterised by the complex
interaction between human capital, organisational processes, skilled employees,
efficient workflows, and technological advancements. In today's rapidly changing
business landscape, it is crucial to grasp the intricate relationship between people,
processes, and technological progress. This understanding is essential for long-term
business growth, especially as AI technologies continue to reshape the business
ecosystem. The chapter aims to gain insights into the partnerships that influence the
direction of technological advancements in Indian companies. The explorative study
shall commence with an in-depth analysis of the role of skilled human resources in
nurturing innovation and steering toward the direction of technological progressions.
Investigating the challenges and opportunities posed by a diverse and rapidly evolving
workforce, the chapter sheds light on the crucial role of talent acquisition, skill
development, and leadership in shaping a conducive environment where technological
advancements and workforce evolution complement each other.Case studies are used as the methodology for analysis. A multiple case study approach
was utilised. The cases were formulated through secondary data from advertisements,
articles, blogs, and vlogs to delve into the depth of the research problem. By thoroughly
analysing the cases, project management frameworks, and adaptive strategies used by
successful Indian companies, this study offers valuable insights into how efficient
processes drive innovation. The chapter delves into the complex connection between
organisational processes and technological advancements. The central theme of the
chapter revolves around the synergy between people and processes, accentuating the
need for alignment and collaboration between diverse verticals and organisational
frameworks. Real-life case studies of various industries demonstrate how successful
Indian companies have steered the potential of their diverse workforce and optimized
processes to acquire technological advancements and gain a competitive edge.In conclusion, the chapter offers a comprehensive understanding of the elaborate web
connecting people, processes, and technological innovations in Indian companies. The
insights provided shall serve as a roadmap for organisations aiming to influence their
human capital and streamline their processes to propel technological advancements and
thereby derive sustained business growth in the evolving Indian business ecosystem.
Integration of Emerging Technologies in Digital Marketing: A Case Study of Humans of Digital Marketing (HODM) Start-up, India
Authors: Batra Disha , Sharma Harshwardhani , Upmanyu Akshay
Published: December 2024

In the rapidly evolving landscape of marketing, the infusion of cutting-edge
technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), virtual reality (VR), and augmented
reality (AR) has ushered in a paradigm shift. These technologies, collectively known as
emerging technologies, are redefining the ways in which digital marketers and start-ups
engage with their audiences. This research explores the integration of emerging
technologies in marketing with a concentrated case study of Humans of Digital
Marketing (HODM), a start-up based in India. Humans of Digital Marketing is a
versatile agency and academy offering comprehensive marketing services such as
brand development, web design, and content creation. As an academy, HODM serves
as an Ed-Tech platform, providing career hacks and domain-specific training by over
200 digital marketing experts, creating a dynamic ecosystem for learning and
innovation.
This study aims to explore how Humans of Digital Marketing adopts emerging
technologies in its marketing strategies, identify implementation challenges, and assess
the measurable outcomes and return on investment, contributing insights to the digital
marketing landscape. The objectives of the study are as follows: firstly, it seeks to
investigate the depth of adoption of emerging technologies by digital marketers and
start-ups, particularly within HODM. Secondly, it aims to identify and analyze the
challenges and barriers encountered by these entities in the process of adopting and
implementing AR, VR, and AI, including factors such as cost, technical expertise, and
market acceptance. Thirdly, it aims to assess the outcomes and return on investment
associated with the integration of emerging technologies. The methodology adopted for
the study is a comprehensive exploration of HODM's experiences and strategies. Semistructured interviews with key stakeholders, encompassing digital marketers and
decision-makers within HODM, will be conducted to gather qualitative data. The study will provide a qualitative analysisof HODM’s success stories, adoption drivers,
challenges, and barriers. The study anticipates offering unique and in-depth insights
into the strategies, challenges, and outcomes associated with integrating emerging
technologies in the marketing landscape, with HODM serving as an illustrative case
within the Indian context.
Screening and Triage of Cervical Neoplasia in HPV-vaccinated Women
Authors: Lehtinen Matti
Published: December 2024

We have been running an individually randomized cervical screening trial
since 2014. All 14,686 HPV-vaccinated women from birth cohorts 1992-1995, who
had received three vaccine shots between 12 to 15 years of age (12,402) or at 18 years
of age (2,284). They were invited to participate in an individually randomized trial on
infrequent vs.frequent cervical screening visits at ages 22, 25 and 28. The infrequently
screened arm participants are informed only on cytological findings indicative of
colposcopy and conisation, i.e., high- grade squamous cervical intraepithelial lesion
(HSIL) or adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS). Furthermore, due to in-country migration
female residents in one of the original 33 vaccination trial communities or after having
moved to the Helsinki Metropolitan Region after 2014 were eligible. Altogether 6,958
women consented with a very high (over 92%) compliance to participate in the second
(6,381 women) and the third (4,616 of 5,100 women vaccinated as early adolescents in
2007-2009) screening visits. The occurrence of cervical lesions: ASCUS, low-grade
squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion
(HSIL) and adenocarcinoma in situ has been equal in the different arms. The
progression potential of the HSIL findings in the HPV16/18 vaccinated women is
probably reduced as suggested by the identification of hypermethylation of HPVindependent cervical cancer risk genes in only a few of the diagnosed HSIL cases. A
randomized trial to compare mere clinical follow-up vs.treatment of HSILs diagnosed
in vaccinated women is highly warranted.
Transdermal Route of Drug Delivery
Authors: Kothari Lokesh P. , Mundada Atish S. , Lahoti Swaroop R.
Published: December 2024

Significant breakthroughs in transdermal delivery of drugs have occurred in
recent years owing to new technology and strategies used for transporting drug across
the skin. Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) provide many benefits, such as
the avoidance of hepatic clearance, ease of application, better patient acceptance, and
regulated release of medication; yet, patients and physicians still face numerous
challenges. Due to the skin's excellent barrier function and lipophilic nature, one of the
main obstacles for TDDS is the restricted amount of drug placement, specifically for
drugs with molecular weights > 500 Da. Many pharmacological molecules, including
high molecular weight pharmaceuticals, have been the subject of much research,
especially in relation to biotechnologically manufactured medications delivered using
TDDS. This chapter covers the principles of transdermal drug delivery systems,
including their types, components, evaluation, lab and large-scale manufacture. This
chapter also emphasizes on new technologies that have improved skin permeability and
the regulatory considerations for transdermal formulation.
Mutation des villes connues dans Rue Jean-Pierre Timbaud de Géraldine Smith et L’Insoumise de la Porte de Flandre de Fouad Laroui
Authors: Almeida José Domingues de
Published: December 2024

Based on a critical reading of two contemporary novels: Rue Jean-Pierre Timbaud by G. Smith and L’Insoumise de la Porte de Flandre by F. Laroui, we intend to question the mutations, or even the disappearance, of certain cosmopolitan districts of two European cities (Paris and Brussels) under the effect of demographic change, which redefines urban space and the identity of indigenous people
Magomed Abdullaev: at the Origins of Dagestan Philosophy and Islamic Studies. Biographical, Bibliographic and Theoretical Discourses
Authors:   Dagestan State Medical University, Kafarov Telman Emiralievich
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to the work of one of the prominant philosophers and Islamic scholars of Da-gestan and Russia, Doctor of Philosophy, Professor Magomed Abdullayevich Abdullaev, who passed away recently. Some aspects of the philosophical and Islamic studies reflection of the scholar, to which he devoted several dozens articles and monographs, are revealed. Without following strict biographical and bibliographic canons, and without revealing the content of his specific works, the author sought to highlight some theoretical and methodological issues important for the rational understanding of modern Islam and its comfortable entry into the world cultural and spiritual pro-cesses. The author’s aim was not just to retrospectively and chronologically describe the biography and work of the scholar, but to actualize some points from his works that are important in the pre-sent and future.
Uso de mamíferos silvestres en una comunidad indígena Tzotzil: Una herramienta etnozoológica para conocer la biodiversidad
Authors: Gómez-Cruz Aaron , Mendoza Velázquez Oscar Miguel
Published: December 2024

Se reconoce que, en México, Chiapas es uno de los estados con mayor riqueza de mamíferos silvestres, aunado a una diversidad cultural conformada por un complejo mosaico étnico que poseen importantes conocimientos sobre el uso tradicional de estos organismos. En el municipio de Venustiano Carranza, Chiapas se encuentra el único asentamiento Tzotzil de la depresión Central, donde anualmente se lleva a cabo el Carnaval Tzotzil. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los mamíferos usados en dicha tradición. Durante cinco años se realizaron observaciones directas, registro fotográfico, entrevistas abiertas y revisión de registros históricos de presencia para identificar las especies de mamíferos utilizados. Se identificaron 14 especies de mamíferos silvestres utilizados de manera tradicional, de los cuales cuatro se encuentran bajo alguna categoría de riesgo en la NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010 y dos en la Lista Roja de la IUCN. Presentamos los primeros registros de Leopardus wiedii y Dicotyles tajacu para esta región, además del segundo registro de Spilogale angustifrons y Potos flavus, después de hace más de un siglo y de casi siete décadas, respectivamente. Estos registros juegan un papel importante para el desarrollo de estrategias de conservación que salvaguarden la diversidad biológica y cultural de la región Tzotzil de Chiapas.
Análisis de la riqueza avifaunística en un fragmento de selva mediana de Tetzacual, Huejutla, Hidalgo, México
Authors: Niño-Maldonado Santiago , Ramírez Ramos Luis Miguel , Gómez-Moreno Vannia del Carmen , López Mancilla Alejandra
Published: December 2024

En México, las selvas experimentan una pérdida anual significativa atribuida al cambio en el uso del suelo. A pesar de las alteraciones ocasionadas por la actividad humana, estos ecosistemas siguen mostrando una notable diversidad, en especial en lo que respecta a las aves que dependen de sus recursos para alimentarse, anidar, reproducirse y como refugio. Por lo que, este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la abundancia y diversidad de especies de aves en un fragmento de selva mediana en Tetzacual, Huejutla, Hidalgo, México. Además, se analizaron las variaciones de las especies de aves en cuatro temporadas del año y se identificaron los gremios dominantes en el área de estudio. Se llevaron a cabo dos visitas mensuales durante 12 meses (septiembre de 2020 hasta agosto de 2021), en horarios de 7:00 a 12:00 h. Se muestrearon dos kilómetros lineales, utilizando el método visual directo con binoculares para la observación de las aves. Se registraron un total de 81 especies pertenecientes a 67 géneros, 31 familias y 14 órdenes, con un total de 583 individuos. La familia más diversa fue Passeriformes y las familias más representativas en número de especies fueron: Tyrannidae, Parulidae e Icteridae. El área presentó alta diversidad con los índices de Simpson (1/D=0.959) y Shannon (H’=3.734). Las estaciones con mayor riqueza de especies fueron el verano (junio a septiembre; 49 especies) y el otoño (septiembre a diciembre; 56 especies). El gremio alimenticio con mayor representación fue el de los insectívoros. Se identificaron ocho especies en categorías de riesgo, según la normatividad del gobierno mexicano. Este estudio es el primero en registrar la diversidad avifaunística de un fragmento de selva mediana en Tetzacual, Huejutla, Hidalgo. Este tipo de vegetación alberga una alta diversidad de aves endémicas y especies con estatus de conservación, además de proporcionarles recursos a lo largo del año, por lo tanto, las selvas medianas son de gran importancia para la conservación de las aves en México y subrayan la necesidad de implementar estrategias de conservación efectivas en estos ecosistemas.
Long-Term Monitoring of Individuals With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Using Digital Health Technology: Qualitative Study
Authors: Chien Shih-Ying , Hu Han-Chung , Cho Hsiu-Ying
Published: December 2024

Background

Digital health adoption in clinical practice has been widespread, yet there remains further potential for optimizing care specifically for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study therefore conducted qualitative research involving 35 health care professionals from a range of hospitals in Taiwan.

Objective

This study aims to investigate barriers and facilitators related to the implementation of digital health technology (DHT) in the long-term monitoring of individuals with COPD based on clinical experiences in Taiwan. The perspectives of Taiwanese health care professionals provided valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities associated with using DHT for the management and enhancement of respiratory rehabilitation and long-term monitoring of patients with COPD.

Methods

Several key themes related to the development of DHT were identified. Barriers encompassed concerns pertaining to digital safety, insurance coverage, constraints related to medical resources, and the presence of a digital divide. Facilitators included the potential for cost reduction, personalized prescriptions, and instilling motivation in users.

Results

To enhance the acceptance and use of DHT, embracing a user-centered approach that prioritizes the distinct needs of all parties involved is recommended. Moreover, optimizing and leveraging the effective use of DHT in managing the health of individuals with COPD promises to deliver care characterized by greater precision and efficiency.

Conclusions

Overall, the benefits of using DHT for the long-term care of patients with COPD outweigh the disadvantages. After the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been an increased emphasis in Taiwan on the effectiveness of DHT in managing chronic diseases. Relevant studies including this paper have suggested that web-based exercise management systems could benefit patients with COPD in rehabilitation and tracking. Our findings provide meaningful directions for future research endeavors and practical implementation. By addressing identified barriers and capitalizing on facilitators, advancements can be made in the development and use of DHT, especially in overcoming challenges such as information security and operational methods. The implementation of the recommended strategies will likely lead to improved COPD care outcomes.
Development and Validation of a Literature Screening Tool: Few-Shot Learning Approach in Systematic Reviews (Preprint)
Authors: Wiwatthanasetthakarn Phongphat , Ponthongmak Wanchana , Looareesuwan Panu , Tansawet Amarit , Numthavaj Pawin , McKay Gareth J , Attia John , Thakkinstian Ammarin
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

Systematic reviews (SRs) are considered the highest level of evidence, but their rigorous literature screening process can be time-consuming and resource-intensive. This is particularly challenging given the rapid pace of medical advancements, which can quickly make SRs outdated. Few-shot learning (FSL), a machine learning approach that learns effectively from limited data, offers a potential solution to streamline this process. Sentence-bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (S-BERT) are particularly promising for identifying relevant studies with fewer examples.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to develop a model framework using FSL to efficiently screen and select relevant studies for inclusion in SRs, aiming to reduce workload while maintaining high recall rates.

METHODS

We developed and validated the FSL model framework using 9 previously published SR projects (2016-2018). The framework used S-BERT with titles and abstracts as input data. Key evaluation metrics, including workload reduction, cosine similarity score, and the number needed to screen at 100% recall, were estimated to determine the optimal number of eligible studies for model training. A prospective evaluation phase involving 4 ongoing SRs was then conducted. Study selection by FSL and a secondary reviewer were compared with the principal reviewer (considered the gold standard) to estimate the false negative rate.

RESULTS

Model development suggested an optimal range of 4-12 eligible studies for FSL training. Using 4-6 eligible studies during model development resulted in similarity thresholds for 100% recall, ranging from 0.432 to 0.636, corresponding to a workload reduction of 51.11% (95% CI 46.36-55.86) to 97.67% (95% CI 96.76-98.58). The prospective evaluation of 4 SRs aimed for a 50% workload reduction, yielding numbers needed to screen 497 to 1035 out of 995 to 2070 studies. The false negative rate ranged from 1.87% to 12.20% for the FSL model and from 5% to 56.48% for the second reviewer compared with the principal reviewer.

CONCLUSIONS

Our FSL framework demonstrates the potential for reducing workload in SR screening by over 50%. However, the model did not achieve 100% recall at this threshold, highlighting the potential for omitting eligible studies. Future work should focus on developing a web application to implement the FSL framework, making it accessible to researchers.
Topics and Trends of Health Informatics Education Research: Scientometric Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Han Qing
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

Academic and educational institutions are making significant contributions toward training health informatics professionals. As research in health informatics education (HIE) continues to grow, it is useful to have a clearer understanding of this research field.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to comprehensively explore the research topics and trends of HIE from 2014 to 2023. Specifically, it aims to explore (1) the trends of annual articles, (2) the prolific countries/regions, institutions, and publication sources, (3) the scientific collaborations of countries/regions and institutions, and (4) the major research themes and their developmental tendencies.

METHODS

Using publications in Web of Science Core Collection, a scientometric analysis of 575 articles related to the field of HIE was conducted. The structural topic model was used to identify topics discussed in the literature and to reveal the topic structure and evolutionary trends of HIE research.

RESULTS

Research interest in HIE has clearly increased from 2014 to 2023, and is continually expanding. The United States was found to be the most prolific country in this field. Harvard University was found to be the leading institution with the highest publication productivity. Journal of Medical Internet Research, Journal of The American Medical Informatics Association, and Applied Clinical Informatics were the top 3 journals with the highest articles in this field. Countries/regions and institutions having higher levels of international collaboration were more impactful. Research on HIE could be modeled into 7 topics related to the following areas: clinical (130/575, 22.6%), mobile application (123/575, 21.4%), consumer (99/575, 17.2%), teaching (61/575, 10.6%), public health (56/575, 9.7%), discipline (55/575, 9.6%), and nursing (51/575, 8.9%). The results clearly indicate the unique foci for each year, depicting the process of development for health informatics research.

CONCLUSIONS

This is believed to be the first scientometric analysis exploring the research topics and trends in HIE. This study provides useful insights and implications, and the findings could be used as a guide for HIE contributors.
Development of Mobile Software “SRCardioCare” Prototype for Implementing Home-Based Exercise Program among Patients after Adult Cardiac Surgical Revascularisation- A Qualitative Feasibility Study (Preprint)
Authors: Kumar P Ajith , A Sathya , Kumar T.Senthil , S Sadhanandham , R Karthik
Published: December 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

Non communicable diseases are global concern with high mortality. Among which cardiovascular disease requires high attention due to recurrence with altered physical activity. “SRCARDIOCARE” (Sri Ramachandra Cardio Care) an integrated a mobile software developed to engage patients with an effective communication and E-media supports. We intend to explore the development of mobile software, and its impacts perceived among the healthcare workers. To develop more economical and feasible platform for cardiac rehabilitation following conservatively managed coronary arterial disease, heart failure, post operative adult cardiac surgical revascularization. To develop a software that facilitates effective communication among participants and health care workers. Development of an Interface with various domains. An experts’ interviews with its core components included in software were assessed for its usefulness and applicability among the people with cardiovascular disease using standardised questions. App features provision for e-media content for patients and vitals domain to be incorporated at regular interval as post-physical activity feedback. Opinions obtained from practising cardiologists, nurses and physiotherapists were hopeful for development and future implementation of “SRCARDIOCARE” among patients. “SRCARDIOCARE” designed for an effective implementation of physical activity among the patients after adult revascularisation surgeries. Integrated communication medium and regular post-physical activity feedback of vitals may offer a safety in implementing physical activity among vulnerable at remote setup.
An mHealth Intervention With Financial Incentives to Promote Smoking Cessation and Physical Activity Among Black Adults: Protocol for a Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Alexander Adam , Businelle Michael , Cheney Marshall , Cohn Amy , McNeill Lorna , Short Kevin , Frank-Pearce Summer , Bradley David , Estrada Kimberly , Flores Iván , Fronheiser Jack , Kendzor Darla
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

Black adults in the United States experience disproportionately high rates of tobacco- and obesity-related diseases, driven in part by disparities in smoking cessation and physical activity. Smartphone-based interventions with financial incentives offer a scalable solution to address these health disparities.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to assess the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a mobile health intervention that provides financial incentives for smoking cessation and physical activity among Black adults.

METHODS

A total of 60 Black adults who smoke (≥5 cigarettes/d) and are insufficiently physically active (engaging in <150 min of weekly moderate-intensity physical activity) will be randomly assigned to either HealthyCells intervention (incentives for smoking abstinence only) or HealthyCells+ intervention (incentives for both smoking abstinence and daily step counts). Participants will use study-provided smartphones, smartwatches, and carbon monoxide monitors for 9 weeks (1 wk prequit date through 8 wk postquit date). Feasibility will be evaluated based on recruitment rates, retention, and engagement. The primary outcomes include carbon monoxide–verified, 7-day smoking abstinence at 8 weeks postquit date and changes in average daily step count. Feasibility benchmarks include a recruitment rate of ≥5 participants per month, a retention rate of ≥75%, and a smoking abstinence rate of ≥20% at 8 weeks postquit date. Expected increases in physical activity include a net gain of 500 to 1500 steps per day compared to baseline.

RESULTS

Recruitment is expected to begin in February 2025 and conclude by September 2025, with data analysis completed by October 2025.

CONCLUSIONS

This study will evaluate the feasibility of a culturally tailored mobile health intervention combining financial incentives for smoking cessation and physical activity promotion. Findings will inform the design of larger-scale trials to address health disparities through scalable, technology-based approaches.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05188287; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05188287

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

PRR1-10.2196/69771