bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
« Ay ixf-iw rfed asefru », lorsque les mots surmontent les maux
Authors: Sadoudi Oumelaz
Published: February 2025

Cet article décortiquera, d’une part, le mot amazigh asefru qui est d’une richesse inestimable qui dépasse largement ses équivalents du latin et/ou du grec desquels est issu le mot français poème. D’autre part, il abordera l’expression amazighe « ay ixf-iw rfed asefru » : sa structure morphosyntaxique, ses différentes significations, ses différents contextes d’usage et ses variantes. Nous allons expliquer pourquoi elle constitue un phraséologisme pragmatique d’expression savante, car, lorsque l’homme interpelle son esprit et son âme et se relie à son être par la force nuptiale du verbe, accouchant des vers, il devient ainsi poète, il devient sage ! Il est qualifié, chez les Amazighs, même de devin et de clairvoyant. Pour eux, selon leur imaginaire et leurs croyances, la capacité de produire isefra ou de s’exprimer en vers/poèmes est même un don attribué par le Divin à des êtres élus ou choisis. Si l’art poétique est pratiqué depuis la nuit des temps par tous les peuples du monde, il y a dans le patrimoine immatériel amazigh, tel qu’enregistré dans le mot asefru et l’expression « ay ixf-iw rfed asefru », à part l’idée d’un savoir-faire poétique, celle d’un savoir-être : attitude résiliente. Autrement dit, face à l’absurdité de l’existence et aux souffrances, la culture et la sagesse amazighes invitent l’homme à devenir poète, à surmonter ses maux par les mots, à s’élever aux rangs des sages, porteurs de messages lucides, perçant les secrets impénétrables des Hommes et du Monde.
En deçà de la racine. Esquisse d’application de la TME au domaine amazigh
Authors: Haddad Mohand
Published: February 2025

La Théorie des Matrices et des Etymons (TME) fait partie d’un champ disciplinaire récent qui a comme objectif la compréhension de l’organisation du lexique en tentant « d’identifier et d’étudier toute manifestation dans le lexique d’éléments plus petits que le morphème conçus comme jouant un rôle dans la construction du ‘sens’. ». Cette approche se fonde sur l’idée d’un lien naturel entre son et sens qu’elle pose comme élément essentiel dans l’organisation du lexique. Mais des réticences à ce genre de problématiques ont de tout temps traversé la linguistique. Des auteurs à l’image de M. Cohen affirme que ce genre d’études, qu’il qualifie de « mirage étymologique », est à redouter. Mais, tel que relevé par Lionel Galand : « lorsque le nombre des exemples est si grand qu’il exclut l’intervention du hasard, il parait difficile de nier les corrélations observées entre forme et sens. ». Cette théorie a donné ses preuves relativement au lexique de l’arabe. Que donnera une application de celle-ci au lexique amazigh? Cet article tente de saisir les procédés dégagés par les premiers auteurs dans le cadre de cette théorie pour voir s’ils peuvent être appliqués au domaine amazigh. Nous postulons que cela pourrait être possible mais, peut-être, y aurait-il nécessité de remanier ou d’ajuster certains de ces procédés en tenant compte des spécificités du lexique de l’amazigh.
Le droit d'accès à l'information environnementale au Maroc entre protection et restriction
Authors: Khallouki Radouane El
Published: February 2025

Le droit d'accès à l'information environnementale est l'un des piliers du modèle démocratique. Il contribue à l'amélioration de la performance de l'action publique en favorisant l'engagement des États envers les principes de gouvernance environnementale. Ce droit a pour finalité d'encourager la participation du public dans la prise de décisions environnementales. Conscient de l'importance de ce droit, le législateur marocain l'a doté de nombreuses garanties, au premier rang desquelles figure la garantie constitutionnelle. Cependant, ces garanties perdent de leur importance si elles ne sont pas conformes aux normes internationales pertinentes en matière de droit d'accès à l'information environnementale. Il en découle donc la nécessité d'analyser l'arsenal juridique marocain régissant l'application de ce droit, afin de déterminer dans quelle mesure le législateur marocain a réussi à garantir un exercice adéquat du droit d'accès à l'information environnementale, tout en conciliant les garanties et les restrictions prévues pour son exercice.
Towards a Policy Framework for Microfinance
Authors: Fernandez-Vallado Maybel
Published: February 2025

Innovations in clean technology provide a dual advantage by reducing environmental impact and improving the quality of life for users. These technologies empower micro-entrepreneurs by cutting operational costs, boosting productivity, and expanding their market opportunities. Through inclusive financing mechanisms and capacity-building initiatives, microfinance institutions cultivate a culture of sustainability among entrepreneurs, driving the adoption of environmentally conscious practices and products. The Grounded Theory approach and secondary research analysis was employed here. Stakeholders can create inclusive ecosystems that empower individuals and communities to participate in the formal economy while preserving natural resources. This study advocates collaborative efforts among governments, financial institutions, technology providers, and social enterprises to scale innovative solutions that promote both economic growth and environmental protection globally. Thus, a Policy Framework for Microfinance is hereby proposed.
Analysis of the behavior of physical exercisers in Portugal during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Nascimento Emanuel Moita do , Soares Ethel Machergiany Silva , Ribeiro Darcio Marcilio , Godinho Ismael , Santos Emanuel Belarmino dos , Fonseca Sandra Celina Fernandes
Published: February 2025

O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar o comportamento dos praticantes de exercício físico em Portugal durante a pandemia da Covid-19, com especial enfoque nas variáveis ​​sociodemográficas e no nível de atividade física antes e durante a pandemia. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo-correlacional, transversal e com abordagem quantitativa. Participaram da pesquisa 274 adultos de ambos os sexos (masculino=122, feminino=152) com idade entre 18 e 67 anos e que praticavam alguma modalidade de exercício físico. Para avaliar o comportamento relacionado à atividade física e as informações sociodemográficas dos participantes, foi utilizado um questionário estruturado composto por 13 questões objetivas, divididas em três partes distintas. A primeira parte abordou os objetivos da pesquisa e a obtenção do consentimento por meio do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido (TCLE). A segunda parte abordou questões sociodemográficas. Por fim, a terceira parte abordou o comportamento em relação ao exercício físico antes e durante a pandemia. Nossos resultados mostraram uma queda significativa nos níveis de atividade física durante a pandemia. Antes da pandemia, 71,53% dos indivíduos eram suficientemente ativos, enquanto durante a pandemia esse número caiu para 47,45%. Os resultados mostraram um declínio significativo nos níveis de atividade física durante a pandemia de Covid-19 entre os praticantes de exercícios em Portugal, com diferenças notáveis ​​entre gêneros e maior resiliência entre aqueles com mais tempo de prática.
Palavras-chave : Exercício físico. Pandemia. Atividade física. Medidas restritivas.
Energy Optimization of Wireless Body Area Network(WBAN) Using TDMA Duty Cycling and Thermal Energy Harvesting
Authors: Nwazor Nkolika O. , Erowele Justice C. , Okeke Remigius O. , Mbonu Ekene S. , Horsfall Otelemate M.
Published: February 2025

Energy harvesting is an effective technique for optimizing Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) devices used for continuous healthcare services delivery. Despite the growing popularity of WBANs in recent years due to their potential to transform healthcare, energy consumption remains a critical issue. This is due to several factors such as the limited capacity of batteries in smaller sensor nodes, the continuous operation that drains batteries and renders the nodes inoperable, and the impracticality of replacing batteries in situations where the sensors are implanted in the human body and would require surgical procedures to remove them. Thus, the need for research into scavenging, harvesting and utilizing available energy sources. This work proposed energy optimization of WBAN using Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) duty cycling and thermal energy harvesting. The proposed model aims to enhance energy efficiency in a WBAN using TDMA and Thermoelectric Harvesting (TEH) techniques. At the heart of this model is an IoT controller that runs on a single-sensor activation principle at all times, controls the sensor function and stores the sensor data in its internal memory (buffer), enabling efficient data management and transfer. The TDMA scheduling ensures that multiple sensors are engaged in a coordinated manner whereby a node is enabled only when needed reducing idle time, network collisions and contention, hence contributing to energy savings which is critical to our energy optimization plan. The proposed optimization model shows a 52.40% improvement in the energy conversation of the WBAN device, thus increasing the battery’s useful life by more than 50%.
Clay-Based Microbial Fuel Cell System for Petroleum Contaminated Wastewater Treatment and Green Energy Generation
Authors: Jongman Kabo Benedict , Ayalneh Girum , Dagnew Getachew
Published: February 2025

The increasing demand for energy and the growing concern for environment pollution have led to the exploration of sustainable and efficient methods for wastewater treatment coupled with energy recovery. This study was focusing on the application of clay based (MFC) microbial fuel cell as a novel approach to treat petroleum wastewater while simultaneously generating electrical energy by using microorganisms extracted from diesel oil-contaminated soil collected from old garage. In this study, microbial fuel cells (MFCs) were constructed using low cost ceramic cylindrical pot (900ml) as an ion exchange membrane. An inoculum derived from oil-contaminated soil, 10% of the volume of the anode inoculum was fed to the anode chamber for MFC1, MFC2 and no inoculation was added to the MFC control. The cathode chamber was filled with 1M potassium ferricyanide in a 1M phosphate buffer solution at a ratio of 1:1. All MFCs were operated in batch mode with synthetic petroleum wastewater containing (810 ml) for 30 days for open circuit voltage and at an external resistance of 10Ω, 100Ω, and 1000 Ω for 14 days for closed circuit voltage. Carbon cloth (projected surface area of 546cm2and 455.22 cm2) was used as both the cathode and anode respectively. The treatment efficiency of clay-based MFCs were evaluated by the removal efficiencies of COD and BOD. For MFC1, BOD removal efficiency of 89%, COD removal efficiency was 96%, and maximum daily open circuit voltage of 188.92 mV. MFC2 demonstrated BOD removal efficiency of 91%, COD removal efficiency of 98%, and a maximum average daily open circuit voltage of 210.35 mV. In contrast, MFC control displayed lower removal efficiencies with BOD removal efficiency of 49%, COD removal efficiency of 30%, and a maximum average daily open circuit voltage of 58.28 mV. The maximum power density achieved was 9.99µW/cm2 for the highest performing MFC2.These results highlights the effectiveness of MFC1 and MFC2 in terms of organic matter removal and power generation compared to MFC control, displaying the potential of clay-based MFCs for wastewater treatment and energy production. This research just laid a foundation for the use of clay based MFC in treatment of petroleum wastewater and energy recovery, more studies have to be carried out to optimize and maximise its efficiency.
Assessing the Impact of Generator-Related Air Pollution on Stress Levels among Printing Press Workers in Abuja, Nigeria: A Generalized Linear Model (GzLM) Analysis
Authors: Panwal Sammy Joel , Wambebe Nathaniel , Kingsley Adindu C.
Published: February 2025

The impact of air pollution on public and environmental remains huge burden in Nigeria that has not been properly addressed. Poverty energy supply has further exacerbated the current situations making business to rely on generators for energy power supply. This study aims to assess the impact of generators-induced air pollution on stress levels among printing press workers in a specific setting Abuja. This cross-sectional designed was adopted to conduct this study among printing press workers who use generators in Abuja. A total of 508 workers were selected using simple random sampling. Data on stress levels were collected using a validated perceive stress scale (PSS) 10 item scale, while exposure to air pollution from generators was assessed through on-site air quality monitoring device. A Generalized Linear Model (GLM) was employed to analyze the relationship between generator-related air pollution and stress levels, adjusting for potential confounders. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 27, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results, shows that the mean PSS 10 scale was: >25.90 (SD 4.35), a bivariate correlation analysis indicates statistically significant positive correlation between the air pollutant variables and perceive stress, p-value 0.001. A GzLM analysis show that; In model 1, the air pollutant variable was found to have a significant positive effect on stress scale (PM2.5: β = 1.029 (95% CI; 1.024-1.034)). In model 2, both the two air pollutants PM2.5 and PM10 were found to be significantly associated with increase in stress levels (PM2.5: β = 1.568 (95% CI: 1.397 – 1.759)) and (PM10: β = 1.336 (95% CI: 1.202 – 1.486)) separately. Contrary to model 1 and 2, most of the variables model 3 were not statistically significantly associated with increase in log odds higher perceive stress, except for PM2.5 which was adjusted. Inconclusion, this study demonstrates statistically significant association between air pollutants and stress scale. The findings highlighted the importance of addressing energy policy issues and air quality concerns as potential factors affecting stress and mental health.
Energy Efficiency, Cost-Saving Opportunities and Nearly Zero Emissions Analysis in the Residential Sector
Authors: Omakoji Omata David , Richard Opoku , Gil-Christ Zinsou
Published: February 2025

This study evaluates the energy efficiency, cost-saving opportunities and nearly zero emissions for the residential sectors of Ghana and Nigeria, focusing on three household appliances: fridges, freezers and bulbs. It analyses the integration of renewable energy systems in residential households, comparing energy-efficient and non-energy-efficient scenarios in both countries. The study uses field data, existing data on RETScreen software and analytical methods to examine the energy consumption patterns of key household appliances and their impact on renewable energy system design, cost, and emissions reduction. As for the energy consumption patterns, Ghana showed higher daily usage of household appliances, with longer operational hours for fridges and freezers averaging 20.3 hours/day, while Nigeria had lower daily usage, averaging 11.8 hours/day for similar appliances. For Nigeria, the annual electricity cost in the non-energy-efficient scenario is approximately 109.69 USD, while for energy-efficient households, the cost is reduced to 79.31 USD. In Ghana, non-energy-efficient households spend around 379.97 USD annually, compared to 317.55 USD for energy-efficient homes. The results highlight the significant cost-saving opportunities of adopting energy-efficient technologies. This higher energy demand in Ghana and its higher electricity tariffs lead to greater overall consumption and higher costs. Despite similar appliance wattages, Nigeria's lower tariff results in comparatively lower energy expenses. Using the energy consumption patterns for both countries under the energy-efficient and non-energy-efficient scenarios, system sizing for solar PV and battery storage was conducted to know the economic viability of renewable energy integration through Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) and Net Present Value (NPV) assessments. In both scenarios, the payback period for solar PV and battery systems in Nigeria is 22 years, making it not economically viable under current electricity tariffs. In contrast, Ghana shows a payback period of 10.3 years, making solar PV systems financially viable. The RETScreen simulation examined two important scenarios for energy efficiency in Nigeria and Ghana: compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) as the baseline and LED lighting as a proposed alternative. The results show different GHG (greenhouse gas) reduction equivalences for the number of automobiles that are not driven, the number of individuals who cut their energy use, the number of hectares of forests that absorb GHG, etc. The study's conclusions highlight the significance of energy efficiency in lowering overall energy usage, tariff rates, and expenses associated with solar and battery systems. The results have also provided more insights for both countries to create more comprehensive policies that will encourage adopting energy-efficient practices and make it cheaper for homes to integrate and use renewable energy systems.
A Two-Parameter Computational Thermodynamic Analysis of Hydrogen-Impurity Mixtures in a Repurposed Pipeline
Authors: Abubakar Yakubu Khartum , Bongfa Binfa , Bongfa Elijah Binfa , Shaibu Muhammed , Zumami Ahmad Muhammad
Published: February 2025

In this study, a two-parameter computational thermodynamic analysis of a hydrogen-impurity mixture in a repurposed pipeline was performed. The hydrogen purity is a vital aspect of the hydrogen value chain, and it is essential to constantly monitor its purity. We anticipate that refineries will use repurposed pipelines for bulk hydrogen transportation to consumers; however, these pipelines are known to contain impurities. Therefore, there is a need for such an analysis. This study considered two basic thermodynamic parameters: the pressure and gas molar concentration. The Peng–Robinson equation of state was used for the analysis. We implemented octave programming for the Newton-Raphson numerical scheme to obtain the molar volume of the pure hydrogen. Four scenarios were considered: scenario 1 (only hydrogen), scenario 2 (hydrogen mix with H2S), and scenario 3 (hydrogen mix with H2S, and pentane), and scenario 4 (hydrogen mix with H2S, pentane, and propane). We studied the variation in gas pressure with molar concentration. The results showed that, as the number of impurities considered in the analysis increased, the pressure decreased. The pressure of scenario 1 and 2 is approximately Pa, scenario 3 is around Pa, and scenario 4 is around Pa. We can develop a non-destructive acoustic emission hydrogen quality monitoring system by considering how impurities in hydrogen moving through a repurposed pipeline might affect the pressure of the gas moving through the pipeline.
Sri Lankan Society for Microbiology – 13th Annual Conference and Scientific Sessions
Authors: Editors .
Published: February 2025

NA
Isolation and identification of Group B streptococcus (Streptococcus agalactiae) from tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) fish collected from selected five districts in Sri Lanka
Authors: Perera D. P. E. , Pathirana P. R. H. , Pathirage S. , Rathnayaka R. M. U. S. K. , Fonseka S. I.
Published: February 2025

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Detection of carbapenemase genes in Gram negative bacterial isolates from patients with urinary tract infections
Authors: Jayathilaka A. W. G. S. N. , Kulasekara U. S. , Nakkawita W. M. I. D. , De Silva A. D. , Gunasekara S. P. , Senaratne T.
Published: February 2025

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Identifying carbapenem resistance mechanisms in blood culture isolates using mCIM and eCIM at National Hospital Kandy
Authors: Galgamuwa K. D. , Kothalawala M. , Kudagammana H. D. W. S. , Nandanie L. K. G. , Samaraweera I. P.
Published: February 2025

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Study on antimicrobial sensitivity of staphylococci isolated from the external ear canal of cats presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Peradeniya
Authors: De Silva B. , Manathunga T. , Senarath Y. , Senarathne K. , Bandara S. , Jinadasa R. , Ariyarathna H.
Published: February 2025

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Preliminary investigation of microbial diversity and antibiotic susceptibility profiling of Staphylococcus spp. isolated from tick salivary glands infesting domestic animals in Kandy
Authors: Fazil K. I. , Kottawatta K. S. A. , Rajapakse R. P. V. J. , Shiffana S. , Thilakarathne D. S.
Published: February 2025

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Preliminary evaluation of in-house miniaturised biochemical test strips for identification of common enteric Gram-negative pathogens encountered in veterinary clinical practice
Authors: De Alwis R. A. K. A. , Jinadasa H. R. N. , Rathnayaka R. M. U. S. K.
Published: February 2025

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Survival of probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in bee products incorporated bio-yoghurts
Authors: Pavithira E. , Jeyagowri N.
Published: February 2025

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Mapping livestock systems, bovine and caprine diseases in Mayo-Kebbi Ouest Province, Chad
Authors: Douzouné Kella , Oloukoi Joseph , Imorou Ismaila Toko , Ba Toure Gorgui , Demeveng Derrick Chefor Ymele
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to compile an inventory of the main diseases affecting these species in Mayo-Kebbi Ouest Province in Chad. A survey was conducted between 6 May and 7 August 2024 using a cascade data collection method identifying 310 farmers and 19 veterinarians with an average of 10 to 12 years of experience in advising and supporting livestock practices The data collected included socio-professional characteristics of participants, livestock practices, and geospatial information. These data were managed in Excel and analysed with R. The analysis involved descriptive and inferential statistical techniques including binary logistic regression resulting in maps illustrating disease hotspots and livestock systems. Thematic maps, tables and charts with a 5% significance threshold visualised risk areas and associated livestock practices. The results show a predominance of male farmers (91.9%) from 20 different ethnic groups. The livestock systems identified include data on farming divided into extensive (14.8%), mixed (0.3%) and semi-intensive farming (84.8%). On average, farms have 41 cattle and 25 goats. Animal diseases were found to cause 29.5% reduction in herd productivity. Transhumance (p=0.000356) and animal disease incidence (p=0.03) were observed as significant risk factors associated with the abandonment of livestock farming. The main diseases recorded in cattle include contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (11.3%), bovine tuberculosis (2.5%), foot-and-mouth disease (45.0%), bluetongue (1.7%) and disease with symptoms reminiscent of rinderpest (2.5%). For goats, notable diseases include brucellosis (3.8%), lumpy skin disease (19.2%), goat plague (7.9%) and Rift Valley fever (6.3%). These findings confirm the importance of a geospatial epidemiological surveillance tool for monitoring animal diseases in this region.
Household Food Security, Feeding Practices, and Anthropometric Failure Among Children Aged 6–23 Months: A Hospital-Based Study
Authors: Chatterjee Rohan , Ray Soumalya , Mukhopadhyay Dipta Kanti
Published: February 2025

Background:

Household food security (HHFS) and age-appropriate complementary feeding (CF) conceptually play an important role in growth of a child. This study aims to assess the status of HHFS, age-appropriate CF, and undernutrition among children of 6–23 months and their association (if any).

Materials and Methods:

This institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among children attending Pediatric OPD of College of Medicine and Sagore Dutta Hospital. Children were assessed regarding age-appropriate complementary feeding using infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices indicator, nutritional status using composite index of anthropometric failure indicators, and HHFS using standardized and validated HHFS short Bengali version questionnaire. Mothers/primary caregivers were the respondents. Categorical variables were expressed in frequency and percentages. Statistical analysis was done in Jamovi (v2.2.5).

Results:

430 mother-child dyads participated in the study with 83.26% of them having low or very low food security. Minimum acceptable diet (MAD) was absent in 74.65% of children and 42.09% of children had single/multiple anthropometric failure(s). Children aged 6–8 months had higher odds of not having MAD (AOR = 3.6, 1.5–8.3). Male gender (AOR = 2.7, 1.7–4.2) and lack of MAD (AOR = 2.7, 1.6–4.7) were associated with anthropometric failure. However, HHFS was not found to be associated with either lack of MAD or anthropometric failure in this study population.

Conclusion:

Improper transition from exclusive breast feeding to CF may be responsible for higher odds of having lack of MAD in 6–8 months age group, which require strengthening of IEC activity related to IYCF practices on or before initiation of complementary feeding.
Access to Disability-related Healthcare among People with Visual Disability in India: Evidence from a National Sample Survey
Authors: Kumar Ashok , Tandon Praveena , Meratwal Gaurav
Published: February 2025

Background:

Despite progress, there are still gaps and inequalities in achieving universal health coverage (UHC), particularly among marginalized populations such as people with visual disability (VD). This study aimed to evaluate access to disability-related healthcare among people with VD in India.

Methods:

Data from the Survey of Persons with Disabilities in India, the 76th round of the National Sample Survey (NSS), which was conducted between July 2018 and December 2018, were used in this study. Binomial logistic regression was used to find the association between access to disability-related healthcare and sociodemographic characteristics.

Results:

The prevalence of VD in the general population was 0.23%. About 15% of people with VD did not have access to healthcare for disability. Access was lower in the older age group (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) =0.68) than in the younger age group, females (AOR = 0.89), persons with low literacy (AOR = 0.72), low consumption expenditure (AOR = 0.60), and people belonging to the scheduled tribes (STs) (AOR = 0.57). Affordability was the leading reason for poor accessibility. About 55% of people with VD had zero out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE), 35.8% had monthly OOPE below INR 1000, and 1.3% had monthly OOPE INR >5000.

Conclusion:

The study found gaps in access to healthcare in people with VD in India. This population is falling behind in the core elements of UHC, i.e. affordability and inequality. India should adopt a comprehensive strategy that includes age-specific interventions, improved rural access, measures for socioeconomic equity, gender sensitivity, and expanded public health insurance coverage and social security schemes for people with VD.
Prevalence and Determinants of Undernutrition in Under-Five Children in Urban Slums of Tripura, India
Authors: Chakraborty Manali , Basu Saurav , Jerath Suparna G.
Published: February 2025

Background:

We conducted this study to ascertain the prevalence of undernutrition in terms of stunting, wasting, and underweight for age and their determinants among under-five slum children in urban poor settlements in Tripura, India.

Methods:

This community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in a selected ward in the West District of Tripura from Jan to June 2023, including 353 children. The mothers of the respective children were interviewed regarding their sociodemographic status, household conditions, and child feeding practices.

Results:

The prevalence of stunting, underweight, and wasting was found to be 23.23% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 18.82%–27.63%), 23.23% (95% CI: 18.82%–27.63%), and 22.95 (95% CI: 18.56%–27.33%), respectively. The increasing age of the child and the lower maternal education were associated with increased odds of both wasting and being underweight. Children living in households using unclean fuel had nearly five times higher odds of stunting, 1.49 times higher odds of wasting, and 1.9 times higher odds of being underweight.

Conclusion:

The burden of undernutrition in under-five children in urban poor settlements was comparable to that in the general population of Tripura. Higher educational status of the mother and use of clean fuel (liquefied petroleum gas) were protective against adverse nutritional status (wasting and underweight) in the children.
Temporal Trends of Dog Bite Cases and their Correlation with Meteorological Factors in a Metropolitan City
Authors: Asokan Dinesh , Mall Anjali , Sankhe Lalit , Jaganathasamy Nagaraj , Pardeshi Geeta
Published: February 2025

Background:

Dog bites are a major public health concern in India. Understanding the temporal trends of dog bites and their correlation with meteorological data will help develop effective strategies for prevention under one health program. Assessment of temporal trends of dog bite cases and their correlation with meteorological factors.

Methodology:

A retrospective secondary data analysis was conducted using the data of 2022 dog bite cases reported at a tertiary care hospital in Mumbai. The month-wise temporal trend was described, and its correlation was assessed with meteorological data retrieved from the regional meteorological center by using Spearman’s correlation coefficient.

Conclusion:

Of the 3350 dog bite cases that attended the outpatient department, 2368 (70.7%) were below 40 years of age, 2733 (81.6%) were males, and 2621 (78.18%) had category III bites. We found a positive correlation between the number of dog bites and temperature (ρ = 0.650, P = 0.022) and average sun hours (ρ =0.804, P = 0.002). A negative correlation was found between rainfall (ρ = −0.845, P = 0.001), humidity (ρ = −0.730, P = 0.007), and rainy days (ρ = −0.804, P = 0.002). A similar correlation pattern was found for category III bites.
Determinants of Quality Antenatal Care in Pregnant Women Using NFHS-4 Data: A Path Analysis Approach
Authors: Ganapathy Sachit , Soni Bhanushree , Mishra Akash
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

Quality antenatal care (QANC) is an important health care indicator of the public health structure of the country. Causal mediation analysis is a statistical model that can model the complex path that determines the QANC received by women. The objective of the study was to assess the proportion of women receiving QANC in India and to ascertain its determinants using causal mediation analysis.

Methodology:

The dataset for study was obtained from the NFHS-4 survey. The outcome variable QANC was formulated based on a set working definition. The potential determinants of QANC at individual and population levels were identified by literature search, expert opinion, and availability in the NFHS dataset. The effect estimates of the determinants were estimated by multiple logistic regression. The potential determinant variables were categorized as independent and mediating variables. A schematic path analysis model was conceptualized by plausibility and expert opinion. The direct, indirect, and total effects of independent and mediating variables were estimated by generalized causal path analysis.

Results:

We found that region, education, wealth, religion, working status, husband’s education, and age were significant independent factors influencing QANC. Additionally, we found that husband’s alcohol status, pregnancy awareness month, presence of husband during antenatal care (ANC) visit, pregnancy registration month, emotional violence, and timing of the first ANC visit were significant mediating variables.

Conclusion:

Understanding the factors associated with QANC is statistically more robust using causal path analysis, which would help us better shape policies for improved maternal health care in India.
Inadvertent Harm: An Institutional Analysis of Iatrogenic Vascular Injuries and Management
Authors: Nandan Vemuri , Gowda Suhas S , Desai Sanjay C , Ramswamy Chandrashekar Anagavalli , Reddy Tadasina Sajay , Joshi Parth
Published: February 2025

Iatrogenic vascular injuries are unintended complications arising from medical or surgical procedures, posing significant risks to patient outcomes. These injuries can result from various interventions, such as catheter placements and stent insertions, and may lead to serious complications. This study analyzes a series of iatrogenic vascular injuries encountered at our institution, focusing on their management and outcomes to enhance patient safety and procedural techniques. From September 1, 2022, to May 31, 2024, a total of nine patients (six males and three females) were treated for iatrogenic vascular injuries at our institution. The injuries resulted from various procedures, including catheter placements, endovascular interventions, and chemo port insertions. Management strategies included both endovascular and open-surgical approaches, with outcomes measured based on postoperative recovery, complications, and overall patient prognosis. The injuries involved a range of complications, including pseudoaneurysms, misplaced guidewires, and arterial damage. Endovascular techniques, such as stent placement and guidewire retrieval, were successfully utilized in four cases, while open surgical interventions were necessary in the remaining four cases to control severe bleeding and repair complex arterial defects. Postoperative complications were minimal, and all patients recovered well, with no mortality reported. Iatrogenic vascular injuries, though challenging, can be effectively managed with a combination of endovascular and open surgical techniques. The choice of approach should be dictated by the specific nature of the injury, aiming to minimize complications and ensure optimal patient outcomes. The findings from this case series underscore the importance of tailored management strategies in improving patient safety in vascular interventions.
A Study on Description of Collateral Pathway Patterns in Patients with Aortoiliac Occlusive Disease and Its Prospective Implication in Clinical Practice
Authors: Praveena Madavan , Singh Devender , Kalagani Bhavani Prasad
Published: February 2025

Objectives:

Collateral pathways in aortoiliac occlusive disease are essential for arterial blood flow to the lower abdomen and limbs. These different pathways further indicates the severity of disease and need of an appropriate treatment. The present study attempts in describing the various collateral pathways and its implication in the clinical practice.

Materials:

This is a retrospective study from January 2023 to June 2024 and reviewed all the records. Twelve patients (10 males, 2 females) with a mean age of 60 years were included in this study. All the patients were evaluated with three dimensional volume rendered rotational CT angiography and non invasive segmental blood pressure, pulse volume recording with ankle brachial index.

Results:

Nine patients had diabetes mellitus, 8 hypertension, and 6 dyslipidemia. Ten were active smokers. Five patients presented with intermittent claudication and 7 presented with critical limb ischemia. Two dominant collateral pathways were observed. Systemic collateral pathways were dominant in 7 patients, whereas visceral collaterals pathways were prominent in 5 patients. It is noted that complete occlusion of infrarenal aorta tends to have visceral collaterals pathways, whereas distal aortic occlusions had systemic collaterals pathways. Patients with visceral pathways had lower ABI and required early revascularisation. Knowledge of these pathways, demands careful surgical dissection; however we did not find any difference in the post operative outcome after successful revascularisation.

Conclusions:

Collateral pathways are defined mainly by the location of the lesion and helps in deciding the appropriate treatment. Patients with visceral collaterals pathways are more symptomatic and needs early revascularisation. Failure to recognize these pathways particularly during non vascular surgeries could lead to limb threatening situations.
Predictors of Perioperative Outcomes in Chronic Limb-threatening Ischemia Patients
Authors: Lekshmi G Gouri , Sebastian Jithin Jagan , Michael Robin , Subramanian Sairam
Published: February 2025

Background:

Revascularization in chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) patients carries a risk of perioperative events. Scoring systems such as the Society for Vascular Surgery vascular quality initiative mortality prediction score (VQI MPS) for 30 days and 2-year mortality and revised cardiac risk index (RCRI) for perioperative major adverse cardiac events (MACE) have been validated to risk stratify patients. Both scoring systems had not been previously validated in an Indian cohort.

Aims and Objectives:

This study was conducted to validate both scoring systems and to identify predictors of perioperative adverse events. The primary objective was the validation of scoring systems based on observed peri-operative 30-day mortality and MACE. The secondary objective was to identify risk factors that affected these outcomes.

Materials and Methods:

Data of subsequent CLTI patients who underwent open or endovascular revascularization in a single centre between 2018 and 2024 were retrieved from a prospectively maintained database and retrospectively analysed. Patients who were lost to follow-up or had incomplete data were excluded from the study. MACE was defined as any acute coronary syndrome, pulmonary oedema, or cardiac-related death. Validity of VQI MPS and RCRI was calculated using receiver-operating curves. Predictors of outcome were analysed by univariate analysis and logistic regression.

Results:

One hundred forty-six patients were analysed and risk-stratified based on VQI MPS and RCRI. The mean age was 68 ± 9 years with 31.5% females. About 88.4% (n = 129/146), 9.6% (n = 14/146), and 2% (n = 3/146) were categorized into low, medium, and high risk as per VQI MPS and 19 (13.05%), 59 (40.4%), 49 (33.5%), and 19 (13.05%) patients were categorized into Class 1, II, III, IV and above according to RCRI, respectively. Both scoring systems accurately risk-stratified procedures into different strata. Seven (4.79%) patients died within 30 day of procedure and 10 (6.84%) patients had MACE. There was a statistical difference between the predicted versus observed 30-day mortality and MACE. The discriminatory power of VQI MPS and RCRI were poor with c statistic of 0.664 for VQI MPS and 0.518 for RCRI. Univariate analysis showed that congestive heart failure (CHF) was the only factor that affected 30-day mortality and perioperative MACE.

Conclusion:

VQI MPS and RCRI did not accurately predict perioperative outcomes in CLTI patient undergoing revascularization in an Indian population. CHF was found to be the only predictor of perioperative mortality and MACE.
Clopidogrel and Aspirin Resistance and Its Interaction with Peripheral Arterial Disease Outcomes in the Indian Population
Authors: Patra Vikram , Mehra Rohit , Dattatraya C V N M , Dhillan Rishi , Sharma Anuka , Sharma Varun , Biswas Brijesh , Dabas Ajay Kumar , Merkhed Rahul
Published: February 2025

Objectives:

The objective of the study was to ascertain adverse events (major adverse cardiac and limb events) events in patients of established peripheral arterial disease (PAD), on clopidogrel and aspirin antiplatelet therapy.

Patients and Methods:

Patients aged 18 years or over, with PAD were screened for participation in the study. Patients were considered to have symptomatic PAD if they met either of two criteria: a history of intermittent claudication, rest pain, or tissue loss of presumed atherosclerotic origin, with either ankle–brachial index <0.85, previous leg amputation, peripheral vascular surgery, or percutaneous intervention; or angiographic or computed tomographic imaging of significant lower-extremity occlusive atherosclerotic disease. The patients took clopidogrel and aspirin at a dose ≥75 mg/day for at least 4 weeks before enrolment. Those with contraindications to antiplatelet usage were excluded from the study. Blood was used as genotyping material. Patient samples were genotyped for clopidogrel resistance (CR)-associated single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) using Illumina Global Screening Array Ver 3 Bead Chip. Illumina Infinium Genotyping Assay protocol was implemented. Intensities of the beads’ fluorescence were detected using iScan Reader (Illumina Inc). Aspirin resistance (AR) was determined with the whole blood, point of care, turbidimetric cartridge-based method, platelet aggregation, and VerifyNow P2Y12 assay, and results were reported in platelet reactivity units (PRU), at a cutoff of 550 PRU.

Results:

The mean age was 58.4 (12.6) years with 90% males. The mean body mass index was 22.57 (3.54) kg/m2. The cohort comprised 58.9% smokers, 42% alcoholics, 33.5% diabetics, and 63% hypertensives. Limited efficacy of clopidogrel was observed in 52.38% of patients with loss of function (LOF) variations in the CYP2C19 gene. The mean duration of follow-up was 13.4 (4.7) months. Subjects with CYP2C19 LOF alleles showed more complications (39%) and the relationship between the LOF variation in the CYP2C19 gene and the adverse clinical outcomes (major adverse cardiac events [MACE] and major adverse limb events [MALE]) was found to be statistically significant (P = 0.11). CR and AR were found in 147 (50.3%) and 69 (23%) patients, respectively. Resistance to both the antiplatelets was found in 41 (14%) patients.

Conclusion:

In this largest observational study, the use of dual antiplatelet therapy in the Indian population with PAD on the MACE and MALE events was higher in the patients with CYP2C19 LOF alleles. The study found a statistically significant relationship between genetic testing results and clinical outcomes.
Endovascular Coil Embolization for Management of Ruptured True Lumbar Artery Aneurysm: A Case Report with Review of Literature
Authors: Abraham Siju T , Raj KB Sumanth , Sima Rahul Ralph , Muralidhar K
Published: February 2025

Idiopathic aneurysm involving the lumbar artery is uncommon and rupture may have catastrophic consequences. We report a case of a 59-year-old patient who presented with acute abdominal pain caused by a ruptured true lumbar artery aneurysm. Successful treatment consisted of superselective catheterization with placement of microcoils into the lumbar artery. The patient was discharged the day after the procedure without any complications.
Unrecognized Rupture of Angioplasty Balloon: A Hidden Underlying Reason for the Delayed Occlusion of the Graft
Authors: Ljatifi Enes , Neskovic Mihailo , Pesic Slobodan , Babic Aleksandar , Rancic Zoran
Published: February 2025

Rupture of angioplasty balloons is a recognized complication of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA), occurring in approximately 5-10% of cases. If a rupture occurs, balloon fragments may embolize or cause thrombotic artery occlusion. Immediate recognition of a damaged balloon allows for prompt surgical or endovascular removal, depending on the patient’s condition and the location of the balloon inside the vessel. However, unrecognized balloon rupture with delayed symptoms is rare. We present a case of acute lower limb ischemia in a patient with a prior aortobifemoral reconstruction. Several years after an aortobifemoral bypass due to a failing right limb graft, endovascular graft treatment was performed. Eight years later, the patient required surgical treatment for acute ischemia, during which a piece of cup-shaped remnants from a ruptured balloon was found, with a confirmed circumferential balloon tear. Successful surgical extraction restored adequate inflow. The literature reports successful percutaneous retrieval of balloon fragments using techniques such as endoscopic biopsy forceps, grasping forceps, and subintimal angioplasty, but in our case, neither the rupture nor the balloon remnants were identified during the PTA procedure or on angiography eight years later. The retained fragment ultimately caused acute ischemia and limb graft occlusion, necessitating surgical intervention
A Rare Retroperitoneal Tumor in a Patient with a Solitary Kidney
Authors: Mohan Raj , Jha Rakesh Kumar , Shankaran R , Anand S , Mishra Akash
Published: February 2025

Retroperitoneal hemangioma is a rare tumor and constitutes <5% of all retroperitoneal tumors. It is considered a congenital abnormality and is usually seen in infants and young adults. Primary retroperitoneal cavernous hemangioma (PRCH) is further rarer, as it develops de novo, remains separate from the surrounding organs, and has no vessel connection. Till now, only four cases of PRCH have been reported in world literature. The patient is usually asymptomatic or may present with vague abdominal symptoms when increases in size and usually due to local compression of surrounding organs. Radiological images are not specific; hence diagnosis is difficult before surgery. Surgical excision and tissue biopsy remain the mainstay of treatment and confirmation of diagnosis. We, hereby, report a case of large RPCH, incidentally detected in elderly women with solitary functioning kidney, during a routine screening examination, managed with complete surgical excision, and diagnosis confirmed on histopathological examination.
Misadventure with a Stent and Its Explantation in a Patient with Arterial Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
Authors: Ramnadh G Satyendra , Agarwal Rahul , Atreyapurapu Viswanath , Gupta Prem Chand
Published: February 2025

Arterial manifestations from subclavian artery compression represent the least common type of thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) and usually follow a progressive course characterized by extrinsic compression, poststenotic dilatation, aneurysmal degeneration, thrombus formation, and secondary embolization which results in acute or chronic symptoms. The standard therapy includes surgical decompression by removal of the offending structure, repair of the subclavian artery, and if necessary, distal revascularization. Endovascular therapy has been found unsuitable due to unacceptable failure rates. We report a case of arterial TOS involving intra-arterial thrombolysis and stent placement that required standard surgical repair including stent explantation and repair of subclavian artery with vein graft.
The Correlation Between Eye Strain on Visual Acuity with Refractive Error Among Children
Authors: Soundari Kannan Uma , Bhuvaneswari G , Perdita A. Helen. M.
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:

Visual impairment is a significant public health problem. Computer use by children especially school-aged children is growing rapidly. In these decades, therefore, extensive viewing of the computer screen can lead to eye discomfort, fatigue, blurred vision and headaches, dry eyes, and other symptoms of eyestrain. But nowadays, in this hazardous situation, visual impairment in children has negative impacts on socio-emotional competence and academic development. Uncorrected refractive error is the leading cause of vision loss.

Materials and Methods:

A true experimental study that met the inclusion criteria was randomly allocated into the study group (n = 85) and the control group (n = 85) sociodemographic variable and eye health variable assessed by structured questionnaire. Convergence insufficiency symptom survey assessed.

Results:

The experimental group exhibited a significant reduction in eye strain level and refractive error with improvement in visual acuity. In the post-test, the experimental group showed complete to moderate recovery compared to the control group. It showed the significance difference where P < 0.001. Pearson correlation analysis was used for refractive error between the groups. Refractive error was reduced − 0.5 diopters in each participants. There is a significant change in the experimental group considered as a P value < 0.001 statistically significant, respectively. In contrast, the control group had no significant improvement in visual acuity reduction in refractive error.

Conclusion:

This finding concludes that the children were having eye strain, which impacts the visual acuity could be incorporated with sociodemographic variables and eye health variables with convergence insufficiency symptoms among participants.