bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Time of Day on the Magnitude of Stature Change Response Variability in Participants with Chronic Low Back Pain on Consecutive 2 Days
Authors: Saiklang Pongsatorn , Puntumetakul Rungthip , Siritaratiwat Wantana , Boucaut Rose
Published: November 2021

Measurements of stature change have been used to compare spinal loading in the sitting posture. However, it is difficult to interpret whether the stature change response recorded is truly due to an intervention or to the natural fluctuation of stature change response between the days. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of time of day (morning and afternoon) on the variability of stature change in participants with chronic low back pain (CLBP) on 2 consecutive days. Forty-four participants with CLBP attended 2 sessions (morning and afternoon) of stature change testing on 4 separate days. A stature change response of more than 0.985 mm in the morning and 1.149 mm in the afternoon on 2 consecutive days indicates that an intervention itself has influenced stature change measurement in CLBP participants. The magnitude of stature change response on different days and times of day established specific levels of natural variation meaning changes above these levels can be attributed to intervention effects in participants with CLBP.

HIGHLIGHTS

The findings suggest that it is important to control the time at which stature change investigations are conducted

Seated stadiometry measurement, changes above 0.985 mm (morning) and 1.149 mm (afternoon) can be attributed to intervention effects between consecutive 2 days

The results of the current study presented no significant difference in magnitude of stature change response in the morning versus the afternoon in chronic low back pain participants

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Review on Digital Image Processing Using Image Retrieval and Recognition
Authors: Rathode Jayant Kumar , H. S Ananya , Adwaith P  , Abhishek  , Amratha
Published: November 2021

Image processing is one of the vast growing scenarios. From various resources this method is used to improve raw images received from satellites, space probes, aircrafts, military reconnaissance flights or pictures taken in normal day-to-day life from normal cameras. It is a kind of signal processing. This paper is an overview of image processing methods.
Assessing the germinability of coastal Limonium minutum (Plumbaginaceae) under different temperature and salinity conditions: implications for its conservation
Authors: Cardona Carles , Cortés Iván , Mir Pere M. , Gil Lorenzo
Published: November 2021

Background and aims – Limonium minutum is an endemic plant of the eastern Balearic Islands (Majorca and Minorca), where it grows in coastal rocky habitats. The effects of temperature and salinity on seed germination of Limonium minutum were evaluated in order to set a protocol for recovery of this species in this habitat.Material and methods – Experiments to determine the effect of temperature have been carried out at temperature conditions between 10 and 23°C. Tests to determine the effect of salinity have been evaluated at 18°C with concentrations of 0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 mM of MgCl2, MgSO4, NaCl, and Na2SO4.Key results – Maximum germination took place between 16 and 20°C. Based on the salinity tests, the highest germination values were obtained with distilled water. The use of saline solutions resulted in significant decreases in the germination percentage. However, in almost all treatments, seed germination was observed. The T50 increased at low temperatures and with increasing salt concentration.Conclusion – Limonium minutum has a wide germination temperature range and a high resistance to salinity. After being exposed to different saline solutions, once washed with distilled water, the seeds recover their full germination capacity; therefore, the effect of salts is an osmotic and non-toxic effect for this species. Sowing seeds in late August ensures that the species has an optimal chance to survive in coastal habitats.
Raw Earth Construction Perspectives in Italy: An Overview Through the Rehabilitations of Casa Fenu in Villamassargia, Sardinia, and Casa di Teresa in Casalincontrada, Abruzzo
Authors: Bocci Martina
Published: November 2021

A detailed analysis of the rehabilitation processes of two publicly owned buildings in Sardinia and Abruzzo is taken as a basis for describing the background, difficulties and possible future developments of raw earth as a building material in Italy. Earthen construction techniques, despite a rich tradition and extensive documentation, are still considered outdated, and their use today requires a fortunate confluence of contextual factors. Archival research, literature review and a study of manuals were coupled with an examination of urban plans and public policies, as well as interviews with experts and stakeholders. This multi-approach research shows that there is a strong need to appropriate traditional knowledge so as to translate local skills into viable solutions able to meet today’s needs. The key issue may be investment in training and dissemination. The mindset of the artisan, that of the homo faber (Sennet 2008), needs to be more widely associated with action toward sustainable local development.
Al rescate de los principios del maestro Fathy para revertir su incomprensión
Authors: Baró Zarzo José Luis
Published: November 2021

José Tono Martínez (coord.)Hassan Fathy: a contracorrienteEdiciones Asimétricas, 2021
Disfrutar la carpintería de lazo de la mano de Enrique Nuere
Authors: Gómez González Llanos
Published: November 2021

Enrique Nuere MataucoLa carpintería que me atrapó entre sus lazosKALAM / Fundación EKABA, 2020
MWIR optoelectronic module based on the Russian 640512 InSb photodetector
Authors: Dragunov Denis , Kurganov Ilya , Polesskiy Aleksei , Yudovskaya Alekxandra , Deomidov Alekxander , Solomonova Nataliya , Lazarev Pavel , Boltar Konstantin , Sharganov Kiril
Published: November 2021

Consideration is given to the results of the development of an optoelectronic module based on a Russian cooled matrix photodetector of 640512 elements format, operating

in the spectral range of 3.6–4.9 microns, based on InSb. The paper describes the basic algorithms used for video image processing, describes the main blocks of the developed device, describes the methods for measuring NETD and spatial resolution, and gives the characteristics of the device.
Using the features of the photoelastic effect to measure the parameters of optoelectronic devices
Authors: Hasanov Aphig , Hasanov Ruslan , Rustamov Asad , Ahmadov Rovchan , Sadikhov Masud
Published: November 2021

The features of the photoelastic effect are discussed and it is shown that they can be used to measure the parameters of a laser and a photodetector, which are the main units of any optoelectronic product. A brief review of the known methods for measuring the parameters of a laser and a photodetector is carried out, and some limitations in their application are noted. The possibility of using the features of the photoelastic effect for

measuring the parameters of the inertia of the photodetector is theoretically substantiated. A formula for calculating the response at the output of an acousto-optic processor to a rectangular input action is derived and used to separately estimate the time of crossing the optical beam by an elastic wave packet and the inertia of the photodetector. It has also been proven that by choosing a short input action, the features of the photoelastic effect can be used to determine the configuration of the cross section of the laser beam and the law of the distribution of the power flux density in it. The results of theoretical studies have been tested by numerical calculations and confirmed by experimental measurements.
Az 1956-os magyar forradalom visszhangja az egyiptomi állami sajtóban
Authors: Abdel-Ati Al-Naggar Abdallah , Prantner Zoltán
Published: November 2021

Az 1956. őszi párhuzamos krízis ideje alatt a világ közvéleményének figyelme egyszerre irányult a szuezi konfliktusra, illetve a magyarországi eseményekre. A hidegháborús viszonyok között a különböző országok médiájában eltérő magyarázattal és ideológiai megközelítéssel jelentek meg riportok, valamint elemzések az eseményekről, amelyek feldolgozása kapcsán számos elismerésre méltó eredmény született az elmúlt évtizedek során. Kevéssé ismert ugyanakkor, hogy az egyiptomi közvélemény is napi szinten követte nyomon a magyar forradalom és szabadságharc fejleményeit a válság alatt a korabeli sajtóorgánumok beszámolóinak és kommentárjainak köszönhetően. Jelen tanulmányban három meghatározó egyiptomi napilap, az ad-Dzsumhúríja, az al-Ahrám és az Ahbár al-Júm tudósításai alapján kívánjuk bemutatni, hogy milyen ismeretekkel és véleménnyel rendelkezett az egyiptomi közvélemény a magyarországi eseményekről 1956. október–november folyamán.
The Influence of Political History in the Response to COVID-19 in Italy and Romania
Authors:   Ridge High School, Dobrescu Ioana
Published: November 2021

Washing your hands. Wearing a mask. Sanitizing. Socially distancing. The pandemic has been with us for just over half a year yet seems to have lasted a life-time. Just about everything is unprecedented, and there has not been a day without a new headline concerning the virus. While governments debate and implement policies, some citizens have taken the situation into their own hands and questioned the scope of their governments’ policies, perceiving an unethical, if not illegal, curtailment of their civil liberties in the time of an outbreak.
PRINCÍPIOS ATIVOS UTILIZADOS NO TRATAMENTO DO MELASMA ATRAVÉS DO MICROAGULHAMENTO
Authors: Santos Danyla Alves dos , Santana Ana Cristina Silva de , Santana Alana Santiago Costa de , Santos Paula Souza Santana , Barreto Louise Rodrigues
Published: November 2021

O  presente estudo trata de uma revisão bibliográfica sistemática associada aos princípios ativos utilizados no tratamento do melasma através da técnica do microagulhamento. Foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico por meio do pubmed com o objetivo de alcançar uma melhor compreensão do tema e verificar o efeito dos ativos utilizados na indução percutânea, a revisão evidencia que diferente tratamento tem sido utilizado através dos ácidos retinóico e tranexânico, e a hidroquinona para vários tipos de macolas na pele, mostrando eficácia e satisfação no resultado.
The impacts of marine-emitted halogens on OH radical in East Asia during summer
Authors: Fan Shidong , Li Ying
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Relationships between oceanic emissions and air chemistry are intricate and still not fully understood. For regional air chemistry, a better understanding of marine halogen emission on hydroxyl (OH) radical is crucial. OH radical is a key species in atmospheric chemistry because it can oxidize almost all trace species in the atmosphere. In the marine atmosphere, OH level could be significantly affected by the halogen species emitted from the ocean. However, due to the complicated interactions of halogens with OH through different pathways, it is not well understood how halogens influence OH and even great uncertain in the signs of net effect. Therefore, in this study, we aim to quantify the impact of marine-emitted halogens (including Cl, Br, and I) through different pathways on OH in the high OH season by using WRF-CMAQ model with process analysis and state-of-the-art halogen chemistry in the East Asia Seas. Results show a very complicated response of OH production rate (POH) to marine halogen emissions. The monthly POH is generally decreased over the ocean with maxima of about 10–15 % in the Philippine Sea, but is increased in many nearshore areas with maxima of about 7–9 % in the Bohai Sea. In the coastal areas of southern China, the monthly POH could also decrease 3–5 % in the Greater Bay Area, but with a daytime hourly maximum decrease over 30 %. Analysis to the individual reactions using integrated reaction rate (IRR) show that the net change of POH is controlled by the competitions of three main pathways through different halogen species. Sea spray aerosols (SSA) and inorganic iodine gases are the main species to influence the strengths of these three pathways and therefore have the most significant impacts on POH. Both of these two types of species decrease POH through physical processes, while generally increase POH through chemical processes. In the ocean atmosphere, the controlling species are inorganic iodine gases and the complicated iodine chemistry determines the basic pattern of ΔPOH, while over the continent, SSA is the controlling species and the SSA extinction effect leads to the negative ΔPOH in the southern China. Our results indicate that marine-emitted halogen species have notable impacts over the ocean and have potential impact on the coastal atmospheric oxidation. The identified main (previously known or unknown) pathways and their controlling factors from different halogen species to OH radical explains the halogen-induced change of POH East Asia and also can be applied in other circumstances (e.g., different domains, regions, and emission rates).
A Framework for Improving Data Quality of Thermo-Hygrometer Sensors aboard Unmanned Aerial Systems for Planetary Boundary Layer Research
Authors: Segales Antonio R. , Chilson Phillip B. , Salazar-Cerreño Jorge L.
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Small Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) are becoming a good candidate technology for solving the observational gap in the planetary boundary layer (PBL). Additionally, the rapid miniaturization of thermodynamic sensors over the past years allowed for more seamless integration with small UASs and more simple system characterization procedures. However, given that the UAS alters its immediate surrounding air to stay aloft by nature, such integration can introduce several sources of bias and uncertainties to the measurements if not properly accounted for. If weather forecast models were to use UAS measurements, then these errors could significantly impact numerical predictions and, hence, influence the weather forecasters' situational awareness and their ability to issue warnings. Therefore, some considerations for sensor placement are presented in this study as well as flight patterns and strategies to minimize the effects of UAS on the weather sensors. Moreover, advanced modeling techniques and signal processing algorithms should be investigated to compensate for slow sensor dynamics. For this study, dynamic models were developed to characterize and assess the transient response of commonly used temperature and humidity sensors. Consequently, an inverse dynamic model processing (IDMP) algorithm that enhances signal restoration is presented and demonstrated on simulated data. A few real case studies are discussed that show a clear distinction between the rapid evolution of the PBL and sensor time response. The conclusions of this study provide information regarding the effectiveness of the overall process of mitigating undesired biases and distortions in the data sampled with a UAS and increase the data quality and reliability.
Towards the use of conservative thermodynamic variables in data assimilation: preliminary results using ground-based microwave radiometer measurements
Authors: Marquet Pascal , Martinet Pauline , Mahfouf Jean-François , Barbu Alina Lavinia , Ménétrier Benjamin
Published: November 2021

Abstract. This study aims at introducing two conservative thermodynamic variables (moist-air entropy potential temperature and total water content) into a one-dimensional variational data assimilation system (1D-Var) to demonstrate the benefit for future operational assimilation schemes. This system is assessed using microwave brightness temperatures from a ground-based radiometer installed during the field campaign SOFGO3D dedicated to fog forecast improvement. An underlying objective is to ease the specification of background error covariance matrices that are currently highly dependent on weather conditions making difficult the optimal retrievals of cloud and thermodynamic properties during fog conditions. Background error covariance matrices for these new conservative variables have thus been computed by an ensemble approach based on the French convective scale model AROME, for both all-weather and fog conditions. A first result shows that the use of these matrices for the new variables reduces some dependencies to the meteorological conditions (diurnal cycle, presence or not of clouds) compared to usual variables (temperature, specific humidity). Then, two 1D-Var experiments (classical vs. conservative variables) are evaluated over a full diurnal cycle characterized by a stratus-evolving radiative fog situation, using hourly brightness temperatures. Results show, as expected, that analysed brightness temperatures by the 1D-Var are much closer to the observed ones than background values for both variable choices. This is especially the case for channels sensitive to water vapour and liquid water. On the other hand, analysis increments in model space (water vapour, liquid water) show significant differences between the two sets of variables.
A data-driven topsoil δ13C dataset and the drivers of spatial variability across the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Lai Yunsen , Li Shaoda , Shi Yuehong , Luo Xinrui , Liu Liang , Yu Peng , Chen Guo , Cao Longxi , Cai Chunju , Sun Jian , Chen Shaohui , Lu Houyuan , Ma Xuanlong , Tang Xiaolu
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Soil carbon isotopes (δ13C) provide reliable insights at a long-term scale for studying soil carbon turnover. The Tibetan Plateau (TP), called “the third pole of the earth” is one of the most sensitive areas to global climate change and exhibits an early warning signal of global warming. Although many studies detected the variability of soil δ13C at site scales, a knowledge gap still exists in the spatial pattern of topsoil δ13C across the TP. To fill the substantial knowledge gap, we first compiled a database of topsoil δ13C with 396 observations from published literatures. Then we applied a Random Forest (RF) algorithm – a machine learning approach, to predict the spatial pattern of topsoil δ13C and β (indicating the decomposition rate of soil organic carbon (SOC), calculated by δ13C divided by logarithmically converted SOC). Finally, two datasets – topsoil δ13C and β with a fine spatial resolution of 1 km across the TP were developed. Results showed that topsoil δ13C varied significantly among different ecosystem types (p < 0.001). Topsoil δ13C was −26.3 ± 1.60 ‰ (mean ± standard deviation) for forests, 24.3 ± 2.00 ‰ for shrublands, −23.9 ± 1.84 ‰ for grasslands, −18.9 ± 2.37 ‰ for deserts, respectively. RF could well predict the spatial variability of topsoil δ13C with a model efficiency of 0.62 and root mean square error of 1.12 ‰, enabling to derive data-driven δ13C and β products. Data-driven topsoil δ13C varied from −28.26 ‰ to −16.95 ‰, with the highest topsoil δ13C in the north and northwest TP and the lowest δ13C in Southeast or South TP, indicating strong spatial variabilities in topsoil δ13C. Similarly, there were strong spatial variabilities in data-driven β, with the lowest β values at the east and middle TP, indicating a higher SOC turnover in the east and middle TP compared that of other regions in the TP. This study was the first attempt to develop a fine resolution product of topsoil δ13C and β across the TP, which could provide an independent data-driven benchmark for biogeochemical cycling models to study SOC turnover and terrestrial carbon-climate feedbacks over the TP under climate change. The data-driven δ13C and β datasets are public available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.16641292.v2 (Tang, 2021).
Terrain visibility impact on the preparation of landslide inventories: some practical cases
Authors: Bornaetxea Txomin , Marchesini Ivan , Kumar Sumit , Karmakar Rabisankar , Mondini Alessandro
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Landslide inventories are used for multiple purposes including landscape characterisation and monitoring, and landslide susceptibility, hazard and risk evaluation. Their quality can depend on the data and the methods with which they were produced. In this work we evaluate the effects of a variable visibility of the territory to map on the spatial distribution of the information collected by four landslide inventories prepared using different approaches in two study areas. The method first classifies the territory in areas with different visibility levels from the paths (roads) used to map landslides, and then estimates the landslide density reported in the inventories into the different visibility classes. Our results show that 1) the density of the information is strongly related to the visibility in inventories obtained through fieldwork, technical reports and/or newspapers, where landslides are under-sampled in low visibility classes; and 2) the inventories obtained by photo-interpretation of images suffer from a marked under representation of small landslides close to roads or infrastructures. We maintain that the proposed procedure can be useful to evaluate the quality of landslide inventories and then properly orient their use.
Current issues in orofacial myology
Authors: Hanson Marvin , Peachey Galen
Published: November 2021

Introduction: The scope, nature, and focus of clinicians who treat oral myofunctional disorders are continuously changing. Healthy disagreements exist among practitioners on a number of important issues and procedures. Certain concepts and practices, however, are not objects of disagreement; they simply persist in spite of a lack of theoretical foundation. or in spite of the potential harm they offer to the client and to the profession. Purpose: The purpose of this article is to review four areas that deal with some of these issues. They are: I. Terminology. Some terms used by orofacial myologists are outdated. Others are controversial and arouse unnecessary hostility in the professional and/or lay listener. Certain terms should be avoided, and others used in a much more restricted manner than is often the custom. II. Treatment considerations. Philosophical considerations will be presented, along with rationale for specific groups of exercises, such as those carried out for the purpose of strengthening lips, and assignments designed to alter sleep habits. III. Relationships between orofacial muscle activity and dental malocclusions. IV. Informed consent: an important protective document.
An approach to digitsucking cases. Part II: Some ideas in giving instructions
Authors: Yoshida Yasuko , Ohno Toshihide , Shikano Rina
Published: November 2021

Purpose: In this paper, a part of the compiled results from a questionnaire survey conducted on 30 digitsucking cases which we instructed at our clinic in the past six years will be presented. Further, check sheets, gloves and a book for instruction will be introduced that we have developed in our daily clinical work during the first stage, i.e. making the patient conscious of the problem and maintaining the awareness. How the patients responded when such means were applied will also be discussed together with the case presentation.
A collaborative research study to investigate the relationship between size of interlabial gap and long term dental status in an anterior open bite population
Authors: Nelson Allen , Nelson Diana
Published: November 2021

The following pilot study was the initial attempt of the International Association of Orofacial Myology together research data in a systematic manner from member clinicians across the United States. It is published here because of its pioneering nature and because the lessons learned and barriers encountered in conducting it should be helpful to investigators pursuing similar ventures in the future.
Oral habits and atypical deglutition in certain Sao Paulo children
Authors:   Paulista School of Medicine in Sao Paulo, Brazil, Vaidergorn Branca
Published: November 2021

Some useful information regarding interrelationships among sucking habits and atypical swallowing patterns can be gained in countries where children are permitted to continue bottle feeding or pacifier sucking, or to persist in digit-sucking, well beyond the age where such activities are usually halted. Such is the case in certain areas of Sao Paulo, the locale of the present investigation. Without assuming any causal relationships, the investigator reveals some interesting patterns of co-occurrences. [Translation and article by Marvin L. Hanson, Ph.D.]
Orthodontic changes in oral dyskinesia and malocclusion under the influence of myofunctional therapy
Authors:   Swiss Research Group on Oral Malocclusion and Oral Dyskinesia (SFOD), Daglio S. , Schwitzer R. , Wüthrich J.
Published: November 2021

28 patients in an orthodontic practice who dem­onstrated both characteristic malocclusion forms with deficiency in the sagittal, transverse and vertical dimensions and orofacial dyskinesia of the in­ner and outer circles were divided according to clinical criteria into two therapy groups within the framework of a pilot study. One group was treated exclusively with myofunctional therapy, the other with myofunctlonal therapy and orthodontic appli­ances (for example activators). Specific examination and goal parameters were documented at the commencement and the conclusion of therapy.
The Castillo-Morales approach to orofacial pathology in Down syndrome
Authors:   Institute for Social Pediatrics and Youth Medicine, University of Munich, Limbrock G. , Castillo-Morales R. ,   Centro Modelo de Reeduoacion in Cordoba, Argentina, Hoyer H. ,   Altona Hospital for Sick Children, Hamburg, Germany, Stöver B. ,   Altona Hospital for Sick Children, Hamburg, Germany, Onufer C.
Published: November 2021

Infants with Down syndrome often present with a familiar orofacial disorder which exists at birth or becomes more pronounced by the end of the first year. The primary pathology includes hypotonicity of the perioral muscles, lips, and masticatory muscles and a protruding tongue, later followed by active tongue protrusion. This results in problems with sucking, swallowing, drooling and dentition. Early intervention methods employing the combination of Castillo-Morales Manual Orofacial Therapy and his specially designed palatal plate, can improve orofacial function, facial appearance and prevent secondary conditions like pseudoprognathism, dental diseases, malocclusions, open mouth habit and pseudomacroglossia. This retrospective study examines the outcome of therapy, as prescribed by Castillo-Morales, in 39 children with Down syndrome. Normally, the average age to begin oral therapy is between six to eight months. The children were treated with the Castillo­Morales Manual Orofacial Therapy and his palatal plate for an average of 17.9 months. In this study, clinical evaluations at the beginning and the end of therapy focused only on open mouth posture and tongue protrusion. In addition, the direct stimulating effect of the palatal plate on tongue protrusion was evaluated. Significant positive results were observed in all three areas.
Theoretical approaches to behavior change in myofunctional therapy
Authors: Sergl H. , Zentner A.
Published: November 2021

The effectiveness of myofunctional therapy depends not only on the quality of the individual exercises but also considerably on the patient's compliance. In this paper, factors are described which may decisively influence patients motivation to cooperate during treatment. Based on experience in dealing with patients, clinical studies and psychological knowledge, theoretical approaches to patient motivation are discussed, namely aspects of verbal communication, control, reward, behavior agreement as well as verbal self-control and self-reward.
Applications of orofacial myofunctional techniques to speech therapy
Authors:   Minnesota Voice and Speech Clinic, Landis Cynthia
Published: November 2021

A speech-language pathologist describes how she uses oral myofunctional therapy techniques in the treatment of speech articulation disorders, voice disorders, stuttering and apraxia of speech. Specific exercises are detailed.
Implementation of Sufism Approach Character Education (Case Study of Jagad 'Alimussirry Islamic Boarding School)
Authors: Anwar Ulil , Lutfauziah Asmaul , Hartono Djoko
Published: November 2021

This study aims to: (1) find out the application of Sufism-based character education in PPJA, (2) find out how to implement Sufism education in PPJA, and (3) know the importance of Sufism education in shaping the character of students in PPJA. This type of research is qualitative research with a case study approach. The results showed: (1) Character education with a Sufism approach has been implemented at PPJA, (2) Implementation of character education is adjusted to the tirakatan curriculum and behaviour at PPJA, and (3) The importance of Sufism education in character building to educate students to become Muslim scholars lover/guardian of Allah and the character that is expected to be contextualized in life in society
KHIDMAH; STUDENT DEVOTION TO THE TEACHER (A Brief Review)
Authors: Najah Ahmadun
Published: November 2021

One of the distinctive cultures that live sustainably in the boarding school environment is the khidmah tradition. Khidmah is interpreted as an attitude and wholehearted devotion activity carried out by a santri to his kyai or teacher, both during the study period at the boarding school or after graduation. Among Islamic boarding schools, this khidmah tradition has been deeply rooted since ancient times and is still maintained until now, and it is felt that it will persist into the future. More than just a tradition, this khidmah becomes an important identity of a santri as well as one of the benchmarks for his success in studying because in Islamic boarding school education. This study tries to explain the meaning and forms of khidmah, the factors behind the emergence of khidmah, motivation for khidmah, the theological basis of khidmah, as well as its virtues and benefits so that people can understand this khidmah problem more deeply and completely. This research is qualitative in the form of a literature study, with a conceptual approach to Sufism and morality. So it is possible to answer some aspects of the problem as mentioned earlier. After extracting the data and analyzing it, in this study several conclusions were obtained, including; first, khidmah is a form of devotion and service performed by a student (santri) to his teacher (kyai), as a form of respect and obedience to the teacher. This devotion can be in the form of devotion that has physical nuances, thoughts, possessions, or in the form of prayer. Second, the emergence of a khidmah tradition in Islamic boarding schools and other Islamic educational institutions is motivated by several factors such as strong moral education, especially morals for teacher (kyai), kyai who is believed to be pious and holy people, and the dormitory life system in the community a long period which builds an inner closeness between teacher and student. Third, some of the motivations that encourage students to be khidmah are to get the kyai's willingness (ridha) as well as an expression of gratitude and want to repay the kyai's services..
Ethical Arguments for Providing Access to Mental Health Care through Longitudinal Relationships
Authors: Sathi Charlene , Dugdale Lydia S.
Published: November 2021

A focus on access to mental health care is critical for beneficent and just care of individuals experiencing homelessness. The delivery of this care is strengthened through building longitudinal relationships between clinicians and persons experiencing homelessness—relationships that are best understood, perhaps, through the lens of attachment theory. In this paper, we look at the prevalence of mental illness among individuals experiencing homelessness and the history of deinstitutionalization of the mentally ill. We then evaluate how three modern-day interventions—street medicine, community health clinics, and supportive housing programs—play integral roles in providing mental health care and constructing a trusting relationship. We conclude with a call for increased funding to support the expansion of these essential mental health care interventions, especially in the aftermath of COVID-19.
Effect of Local Anesthesia with 1:100,000 Epinephrine on Glycemic Level of Type II Diabetic Patients Undergoing Oral Surgery
Authors: Muhammad Tariq Khan  , Muhammad Ilyas  , Salman Khan  , Jawad Ahmad Kundi  , Fariha Kifayat
Published: November 2021

Background: The rate of type II diabetic patients is increasing and results in oral manifestations. The oral surgery needsextraordinary measures in these patients.Objective: To assess the effect of anesthetic agent with 1:100,000 epinephrine and without epinephrine in the blood glucose levelof diabetic patients.Material and Methods: This was a randomized study of 60 patients having type 2 diabetes mellitus who were undergoing toothextraction. The study was double blind. 30-70years aged patients were selected. Blood glucose level was monitored 15 minutesbefore giving local anesthesia and after 20 minutes of the injection. ANOVA was used for comparison between groups.Results: No significant difference was seen in glycemic level using local anesthesia with 1:100,000 epinephrine (p=0.345). Therewas slight decrease noted in the blood glucose level of both groups.Conclusion: The use of 2% local anesthesia with 1:100,000epinephrine didn't cause hyperglycemia in diabetic patients.Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Local Anesthesia, Epinephrine, Tooth Extraction, Lidocaine.
Paying for Our Periods: The Campaign to Tackle Period Poverty and End the Tampon Tax in the UK
Authors: Coryton Laura Agyropulo , Russell Lucy Marie
Published: November 2021

Tampon tax and period poverty activist movements are growing in tandem worldwide. These movements are reshaping the way we think about menstruation and what governments can do to tackle period-based injustices. Through this Essay, two United Kingdom (UK) period activists will explore how these UK movements were erected, how they interact with the global movements, and how Brexit has impacted UK menstruation activism and law-making. Finally, they will look ahead to discuss what they believe the future of period activism might look like.
Foreword
Authors: Polikoff Nancy D. , Spinak Jane M.
Published: November 2021

The 2001 book, Shattered Bonds: The Color of Child Welfare, by Dorothy Roberts, called out the racism of the child welfare system and the harms that system perpetrates on families and communities. Twenty years later, despite numerous reform efforts, the racism and profound harms endure. It is time for transformative change. In this foreword to the symposium Strengthened Bonds: Abolishing the Child Welfare System and Re-Envisioning Child Well-Being, honoring the 20th anniversary of Shattered Bonds, we highlight Professor Roberts’ articulation of her development as a family policing abolitionist and summarize the articles and comments contributed from scholars in numerous disciplines and well as impacted parents, family defense advocates and systemchange activists. These contributions help us learn from history and political theory; focus on the unique and shared circumstances of Native American families; critique, and call for repeal of, much of current law; condemn the punitive, and racially disproportionate, surveillance of families; and demand a new approach that diverts the massive funding of the foster-care industrial complex into support, services, and healing for families, tribes, and communities.
We call for abolition of the family regulation system, the term we use as a more accurate description of what is commonly called the child welfare or child protection system. We situate this call in the context of the more developed movement for prison abolition. The current system is predicated on seeing individual parents as a risk to their children. It fails to see the strengths and resilience of parents and families; the harms of surveillance and removal; and the structural forces that harm children by failing to invest in adequate housing, income, child care, health and mental health services, and educational opportunities for all families. Abolition provides the transformative mind-set that will enable loving and strengthened families to raise happy, healthy, safe, educated, and imaginative children.
Editor's Note
Authors: Galván Nicolás Quaid
Published: November 2021

This piece is the editor's note for the Columbia Journal of Race and Law's 11th annual symposium issue, titled Strengthened Bonds: Abolishing the Child Welfare System and Re-Envisioning Child Well-Being.
Literary Processes In America in the 50s of the XXth Century
Authors: Gagua Nana
Published: November 2021

Above mentioned article describes development of literary process in the United States at the beginning of the 20th century. The article discusses the most influential figure of American Poetry Edgar Allan Poe. His immersive influence on art field. Generally his poetry is distinguished with expressing bitter truth about dark side of human nature. His works definitely express sympathy and love toward humans. Edgar Allen Poe is an inspiration for many modern writers, among them is Steven King. Generally Edgar Allen Poe’s works contain different genres, in the end he is genius, honest and human artist who worries about human’s condition.
Molecular Epidemiology of Epstein-Barr Virus in Women Breast Cancer in Congo Brazzaville
Authors: Mboungou Malanda Dimitry Moudiongui , Magloire Boumba Anicet Luc , Mouamba Fabien Gaël
Published: November 2021

Introduction: the Epstein Barr virus is one of the very first oncogenic viruses to be identified as responsible for human malignancies. Its role as an etiological agent of breast cancer remains controversial, however, despite the growing molecular evidence. The aim of this study was detected the presence of EBV DNA in patients with breast cancer in the Republic of Congo.
Methods: The study was conducted on 90 samples of formalin fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue blocks (FFPE) from breast cancer tissue. The immunohistochemistry technique was used to test for the expression of the LMP1 antibody and DNA was extracted from all blocks of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded breast cancer tissue (FFPE) to detect presence of EBV 1 DNA by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Results: EBV was detected in 12.33% (12/90) of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) breast cancer tissue blocks. All formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) breast cancer tissue blocks with positive EBV DNA were high tumor grades (II and III). Overall EBV infection with clinicopathological features of breast cancer cases showed no significant difference (P>0.05). However, a statistically significant difference was observed between EBV infection and histological types (P=0.04).
Conclusion: Our results provide evidence for the presence of EBV DNA in female breast cancer in Congo Brazzaville. However, this evidence is substantial but inconclusive for the involvement of viruses in the development of breast cancer. Therefore, future investigations will be needed to elucidate the exact role of EBV in breast cancer in women in the Republic of Congo.

Key words: EBV, breast cancer, women, Congo Brazzaville.
Compliance to Community Infection Control Standards during the COVID-19 Pandemic:
An Integrative Review
Authors: Sanchez II Romeo M. , Soriano Gevin R. , A. Ortua Sheree Ann
Published: November 2021

This integrative literature review was conducted to assess the compliance to community infection control standards during the Covid-19 pandemic. As countries struggle to contain Covid-19 and its effects on social and economic aspects of life, non-pharmacologic interventions are seen as a viable option to mitigate the pandemic. This review aims to explore the level and extent to which the community perform health practices as well as the factors that affect compliance to these preventive measures. A systematic search of literatures that was published during 2020 and 2021 that addressed the health practice towards mitigating this pandemic as well as their compliance was included in this literature review. Whittemore and Knafl’s procedure in conducting integrative literature review was utilized. After critical appraisal of these literatures using the Quality Assessment Tool for Qualitative Studies, 4 studies were then included. Overall, studies reveal that health practices to mitigate Covid-19 are highly practiced. This finding is relation to the adequate knowledge of the community towards these preventive measures. However, despite having enough knowledge and awareness on the various information regarding the existence of the Coronavirus disease, the people in the community still need to enhance their knowledge along COVID 19 issues to minimize the risk of having the virus.

Key words: Compliance, Community, Infection Control Standards, Covid-19.
To Assess the Prevalence of Cognitive Impairment in Type II Diabetes Mellitus: An Observational Study
Authors: Godhasara Shivani D. , Suthar Vaishali
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia that affects various body systems. Elevated blood glucose levels cause brain malfunction, sorbitol which damages blood vessels, and degeneration of the nerves that can lead to dementia or cognitive impairment. Cognitive impairment can result in nonadherence of patients to diabetes treatment, such as medication, diet and exercise.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of cognitive impairment in type II diabetes mellitus.
Methodology: 50 participants of age group 30 - 60 years, both male and female were included in this study. Cognitive impairment was assessed with the English version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) tool. The MoCA scoring according to Dementia and Driving Safety: A clinical guideline, Version 3, 2014.
Result: Among the 50 patients who were assessed, 24 (48%) were cognitively impaired. 20 (40%) of the subjects were age group of 51-60 years, and males participants 11(22%) outnumbered females 9 (18%). The majority of patients (40%) had diabetes type II for < 2 years.
Conclusion: There was strong correlation found between Type II DM and cognitive impairment.

Key words: Prevalence, Cognitive impairment, Diabetes mellitus Type II, Montreal Cognitive assessment (MoCA).
Внешнеэкономическая деятельность Российской Федерации: проблемы и перспективы развития инвестиционного сотрудничества
Authors: Селюков Максим Викторович , Камышанченко Елена Николаевна , Шалыгина Наталья Петровна
Published: November 2021

Современный этап развития российской экономики диктует необходимость совершенствования подходов и технологий управления внешнеэкономической деятельностью и внешней торговлей как на федеральном, так и особенно на региональном уровне. Сегодня развитие внешнеэкономических связей и разработка эффективных инструментов осуществления внешнеэкономической деятельности, развитие международного инвестиционного сотрудничества приобретают все большее значение. Целью данного исследования является анализ основных проблем и определение приоритетных направлений развития внешнеэкономической деятельности как на федеральном, так и на региональном уровнях. В исследовании определены стратегические цели и задачи развития внешнеэкономической деятельности с учетом складывающихся тенденций на мировом рынке, продолжающихся экономических санкций, давления стагфляционных рисков и геополитических факторов, а также глобальной пандемии коронавируса COVID-19. При этом особое внимание было уделено поиску и разработке направлений развития инвестиционного сотрудничества в контексте российско-китайских экономических отношений.
Обнаружение ресурсоемких запросов к базам данных на основе применения самоорганизующихся карт и нечеткого вывода
Authors: Ахмад Хайлан , Польщиков Константин Александрович , Алгазали Салах Махди Мадлол
Published: November 2021

Исследования ориентированы на выявление ресурсоёмких запросов, на обработку которых затрачивается недопустимое количество ресурсов времени, процессора, дисков и памяти. Проанализированы средства мониторинга и оптимизации запросов, используемые в современных системах управления базами данных, обозначены их недостатки. Обоснована актуальность разработки новых интеллектуальных средств своевременного и достоверного обнаружения ресурсоёмких запросов к базам данных. Сделан вывод о том, что для выявления ресурсоёмких запросов представляет интерес анализ расширенного набора статистических параметров. Исходную совокупность параметров запросов удалось сократить путем предварительного нормирования набора показателей с помощью сигмоидальной функции и последующего выбора конечного числа главных компонент на основе критерия Кеттелла. Выполнена кластеризация множества запросов с помощью самоорганизующейся карты Кохонена, во избежание переобучения которой разработан алгоритм поиска рекомендуемого значения радиуса топологической окрестности активных нейронов. Для разграничения кластеров предложен алгоритм нечеткого вывода. Экспериментальные исследования показали целесообразность практического использования полученных результатов.
Об устойчивости субполосного скрытного внедрения данных в изображения на основе субполосных матриц косинус-преобразования
Authors: Черноморец Андрей Алексеевич , Болгова Евгения Витальевна , Урсол Денис Владимирович , Голощапова Вера Анатольевна
Published: November 2021

В статье рассмотрен один из подходов решения актуальной задачи защиты авторских прав на изображения, хранящиеся в современных информационно-телекоммуникационных сетях, на основе скрытного внедрения идентифицирующей автора информации непосредственно в защищаемые файлы. Приведены основные положения метода субполосного скрытного внедрения данных в изображения на основе относительного изменения проекций изображения-контейнера на собственные векторы субполосных матриц косинус-преобразования. На основе вычислительных экспериментов исследована устойчивость к внешнему разрушающему воздействию в виде аддитивного случайного шума данных, внедренных на основе данного метода. Результаты вычислительных экспериментов показали, что метод субполосного скрытного внедрения имеет преимущество по сравнению с рассмотренными известными методами скрытного внедрения с позиций устойчивости восстановления внедренных данных к воздействию аддитивного случайного шума.
Concomitant ipsilateral acetabular and femoral fractures – an appraisal of outcomes and complications in 34 patients
Authors: Meena Umesh Kumar , Bansal Mahesh Chand , Behera Prateek , Goyal Divyanshu , Kumar Rakesh
Published: November 2021

Concomitant ipsilateral femoral and acetabular fractures are complex injuries which result from high-velocity trauma. Surgical treatment is the accepted management of such injuries. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the outcomes and study the complications in patients treated for concomitant ipsilateral acetabular and femoral fractures (type ‘B’ floating hip injuries).

This retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary care teaching hospital on patients operated for type B floating hip injuries, who had completed a minimum of one-year follow-up after the surgery and whose complete records were available. Those with floating hip injuries with pelvic fractures were excluded. All patients were operated on the femoral side first, followed by the acetabular side.

34 patients were included ; most of them were young males. A road traffic accident was the most common mode, with a dashboard injury being the most common mechanism of injury. No association between the type of acetabular and femoral fractures was found. The clinical (measured with Harris hip score) and radiological (Matta’s method) outcomes at the latest follow-up were excellent or good in >60% cases and had a significant association with the quality of reduction on the post-operative radiographs. Com- plications were seen in 12 out of the 34 patients.

Type B floating hips injuries can be managed well with acceptable short-term results by following a femur first strategy. However, patients must be informed of the possible complications and the probabilities of poorer outcomes when compared to isolated acetabular or femoral fractures.