bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Can the proximal humeral ossification system (PHOS) effectively guide brace weaning in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis?
Authors: Cheung Prudence Wing Hang , Cheung Jason Pui Yin
Published: April 2023

Purpose

The proximal humeral epiphyses can be conveniently viewed in routine spine radiographs. This study aimed to investigate whether the proximal humeral epiphyseal ossification system (PHOS) can be used to determine the timing of brace weaning in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), as assessed by the rate of curve progression after brace weaning.

Methods

A total of 107 patients with AIS who had weaned brace-wear at Risser Stage  ≥  4, no bodily growth and post-menarche  ≥  2 years between 7/2014 and 2/2016 were studied. Increase in major curve Cobb angle > 5° between weaning and 2-year follow-up was considered curve progression. Skeletal maturity was assessed using the PHOS, distal radius and ulna (DRU) classification, Risser and Sanders staging. Curve progression rate per maturity grading at weaning was examined.

Results

After brace-wear weaning, 12.1% of the patients experienced curve progression. Curve progression rate for weaning at PHOS Stage 5 was 0% for curves < 40°, and 20.0% for curves ≥ 40°. No curve progression occurred when weaning at PHOS Stage 5 with radius grade of 10 for curves ≥ 40°. Factors associated with curve progression were: Months post-menarche (p = 0.021), weaning Cobb angle (p = 0.002), curves < 40° versus ≥ 40° (p = 0.009), radius (p = 0.006) and ulna (p = 0.025) grades, and Sanders stages (p = 0.025), but not PHOS stages (p = 0.454).

Conclusion

PHOS can be a useful maturity indicator for brace-wear weaning in AIS, with PHOS Stage 5 having no post-weaning curve progression in curves < 40°. For large curves ≥ 40°, PHOS Stage 5 is also effective in indicating the timing of weaning together with radius grade ≥ 10.
Adsorption of lanthanide double-decker phthalocyanines on single-walled carbon nanotubes: structural changes and electronic properties as studied by density functional theory
Authors: Bolívar-Pineda Lina M. , Mendoza-Domínguez Carlos Uriel , Basiuk Vladimir A.
Published: April 2023

Context

Molecular modeling of carbon nanotubes and lanthanide double-decker phthalocyanines hybrids is challenging due to the presence of 4f-electrons. In this paper, we analyzed the trends in structural changes and electronic properties when a lanthanide (La, Gd, and Lu) bisphthalocyanine molecule is adsorbed on the surface of two single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) models: armchair and zigzag. The density functional theory (DFT) computations showed that the height of bisphthalocyanines complexes (LnPc2) when adsorbed on a nanotube (LnPc2+SWCNT) is the structural feature which is most affected by the nanotube model. The formation energy of the LnPc2+SWCNT hybrid depends on the metal atom and the nanotube chirality. LaPc2 and LuPc2 bind stronger to the zigzag nanotube, while for GdPc2, bonding to the armchair nanotube is the stronger one. The HOMO-LUMO gap energy (Egap) shows a correlation between the nature of lanthanide and the nanotube chirality. In the case of adsorption on armchair nanotube, Egap tends to match the gap of isolated LnPc2, whereas for adsorption on the zigzag nanotube, it is closer to the value for the isolated nanotube model. The spin density is localized on the phthalocyanines ligands (plus on Gd in the case of GdPc2), when the bisphthalocyanine is adsorbed on the surface of the armchair nanotube. For bonding to zigzag nanotube (ZNT), it extends over both components, except for LaPc2+ZNT, where spin density is found on the nanotube only.

Method

All DFT calculations were carried out using the DMol3 module of Material Studio 8.0 software package from Accelrys Inc. The computational technique chosen was the general gradient approximation functional PBE in combination with a long-range dispersion correction developed by Grimme (PBE-D2), the double numerical basis set DN, and the DFT semi-core pseudopotentials.
Quantitative Analysis of Relationship Between Fruit Quality of ‘Fuji’ Apple and Environmental Factors: A Case Study of the Loess Plateau Production Region
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Li Minji , Zhou Beibei , Zhang Junke , Wei Qinping
Published: April 2023

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of environmental factors (soil nutrition and meteorological factors) on fruit quality traits of ‘Fuji’ apples. ‘Fuji’ apple fruits, soil samples, and meteorological data were investigated from 66 commercial orchards covering 22 counties of the Loess Plateau region in China. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) and linear programming were combined to analyze the quantitative relationship between fruit quality and environmental factors. The effect of meteorological factors (55.99%) on fruit quality was greater than that of soil nutrition factors (44.01%) in the Loess Plateau apple-producing region of China. Optimum environmental factors for high-quality ‘Fuji’ apples in the Loess Plateau region were: soil organic matter (13.94–17.93 g ∙ kg−1), total N (0.77–1.03 g ∙ kg−1), available N (68.39–115.87 mg ∙ kg−1), P (62.39–124.67 mg ∙ kg−1), K (324.41–468.62 mg ∙ kg−1), Ca (6.54 mg ∙ kg−1), Fe (14.97 mg ∙ kg−1), Zn (1.55–2.72 mg ∙ kg−1), B (0.37 mg ∙ kg−1), and soil pH (7.98–8.20); mean annual temperature (18 ℃), total annual precipitation (431.2–713.8 mm), monthly mean temperature (19.9 ℃), lowest temperature (8.03 ℃), highest temperature (19.63 to 27.25 ℃), temperature difference between day and night (12.41 ℃), total precipitation (338.3–589.8 mm), relative humidity (56.57–82.41%), and sunshine percentage (36.96–55.87%) during the growing period (April–October).
Rare, slow but impressive: > 43 ka of rockslide in river canyon incising crystalline rocks of the eastern Bohemian Massif
Authors: Lenart Jan , Kašing Martin , Pánek Tomáš , Braucher Régis , Kuda František
Published: April 2023

Despite significant progress in understanding the stability of rock slopes, little is known about the time scales of the evolution of slow-moving rockslides. The Ledové sluje rockslide in the Thaya River canyon is a unique and infrequent slope failure developed in crystalline rocks of the Variscan orogen in Central Europe. Fresh topography with trenches, rock walls, slided blocks, scree slopes and crevice-type caves has attracted generations of geologists for more than a century, but questions of mechanism and age of the rockslide have remained unresolved. To address this question, we combined geomorphological research with detailed analysis of the geological structure, electrical resistivity profiling and terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide dating (TCN). Our data show that failure developed above the river undercut bank along a planar sliding surface predisposed by NW-oriented gently dipping metamorphic foliation intersected by steep fractures and faults. Although TCN dating does not allow determination of the entire life span of the rockslide, its scarp predisposed by NE- to ENE-striking fault was largely exposed in the Last Glacial during marine isotope stages (MIS) 3 and 2 between ~ 43 and 23 ka, suggesting slow gradual or multievent movement of the rockslide slope rather than a single catastrophic event. We conclude that, although very rare in Central Europe, rockslides in the crystalline rocks of the Palaeozoic orogens may leave a much longer topographic footprint than in the adjacent Alpine mountain belts.
A Thermal Model of Low-Temperature Light Detectors for Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay Experiments
Authors: Kim S. G. , Jeon J. A. , Woo K. R. , Kim S. R. , Kwon D. H. , Lee H. J. , Kim H. B. , Lee Y. C. , Kim M. B. , Lee M. K. , Kim Y. H.
Published: April 2023

We report a detector model study for light detectors having Ge and Si wafers as absorbers with a metallic magnetic calorimeter (MMC) readout. The model explains the heat flow processes between the thermal components in the detector system, including athermal and thermal phonon transfers and electronic heat diffusion. The temperature dependence of the thermal conductance values was in good agreement with their expectations. The analysis also resulted in finding the characteristic time constants of the athermal phonons for direct absorption in the phonon collector film and for the downconversion to thermal phonons of the absorber wafers. It is a complete detector model to be applied for various detector variations such as the type and dimensions of the wafer absorber.
Nonlinear ultrasound in liquid containing multiple coated microbubbles: effect of buckling and rupture of viscoelastic shell on ultrasound propagation
Authors: Nguyen Quoc Nam , Kanagawa Tetsuya
Published: April 2023

With promising applications in medical diagnosis and therapy, the behavior of shell-encapsula-ted ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) has attracted considerable attention. Currently, second-generation contrast agents stabilized by a phospholipid membrane are widely used and studies have focused on the dynamics of single phospholipid shell-encapsulated microbubbles. To improve the safety and the efficiency of the methods using the propagation or targeted ultrasound, a better understanding of the propagation of ultrasound in liquids containing multiple encapsulated microbubbles is required. By incorporating the Marmottant–Gompertz model into the multiple scale analysis of two-phase model, this study derived a Korteweg–de Vries–Burgers equation as a weakly nonlinear wave equation for one-dimensional ultrasound in bubbly liquids. It was found that the wave propagation characteristics changed with the initial surface tension, highlighting two notable features of the phospholipid shell: buckling and rupture. These results may provide insights into the suitable state of microbubbles, and better control of ultrasound for medical applications, particularly those that require high precision.
Mortality Modeling of Partially Observed Cohorts Using Administrative Death Records
Authors: Goldstein Joshua R. , Osborne Maria , Atherwood Serge , Breen Casey F.
Published: April 2023

New advances in data linkage provide mortality researchers with access to administrative datasets with millions of mortality records and rich demographic covariates. Although these new datasets allow for high-resolution mortality research, administrative mortality records often have technical limitations, such as limited mortality coverage windows and incomplete observation of survivors. We describe a method for fitting truncated distributions that can be used for estimating mortality differentials in administrative data. We apply this method to the CenSoc datasets, which link the United States 1940 Census records to Social Security administrative mortality records. Our approach may be useful in other contexts where administrative data on deaths are available. As a companion to the paper, we release the R packagegompertztrunc, which implements the methods introduced in this paper.
From Contact Relations to Modal Operators, and Back
Authors: Gruszczyński Rafał , Menchón Paula
Published: April 2023

One of the standard axioms for Boolean contact algebras says that if a regionxis in contact with the join ofyandz, thenxis in contact with at least one of the two regions. Our intention is to examine a stronger version of this axiom according to which ifxis in contact with the supremum of some familySof regions, then there is a yinSthat is in contact withx. We study a modal possibility operator which is definable in complete algebras in the presence of the aforementioned axiom, and we prove that the class of complete algebras satisfying the axiom is closely related to the class of modal KTB-algebras. We also demonstrate that in the class of complete extensional contact algebras the axiom is equivalent to the statement:every region is isolated. Finally, we present an interpretation of the modal operator in the class of the so-calledresolution contact algebras.
Some Observations on the FGH Theorem
Authors: Kurahashi Taishi
Published: April 2023

We investigate the Friedman–Goldfarb–Harrington theorem from two perspectives. Firstly, in the frameworks of classical and modal propositional logics, we study the forms of sentences whose existence is guaranteed by the FGH theorem. Secondly, we prove some variations of the FGH theorem with respect to Rosser provability predicates.
An Automated Design Flow for Adaptive Neural Network Hardware Accelerators
Authors: Ratto Francesco , Máinez Ángela Porras , Sau Carlo , Meloni Paolo , Deriu Gianfranco , Delucchi Stefano , Massa Massimo , Raffo Luigi , Palumbo Francesca
Published: April 2023

Image and video processing are one of the main driving application fields for the latest technology advancement of computing platforms, especially considering the adoption of neural networks for classification purposes. With the advent of Cyber Physical Systems, the design of devices for efficiently executing such applications became more challenging, due to the increase of the requirements to be considered, of the functionalities to be supported, as well as to the demand for adaptivity and connectivity. Heterogeneous computing and design automation are then turning into essential. The former guarantees a variegated set of features under strict constraints (e.g., by adopting hardware acceleration), and the latter limits development time and cost (e.g., by exploiting model-based design). In this context, the literature is still lacking adequate tooling for the design and management of neural network hardware accelerators, which can be adaptable and customizable at runtime according to the user needs. In this work, a novel almost automated toolchain based on the Open Neural Network eXchange format is presented, allowing the user to shape adaptivity right on the network model and to deploy it on a runtime reconfigurable accelerator. As a proof of concept, a Convolutional Neural Network for human/animal classification is adopted to derive a Field Programmable Gate Array accelerator capable of trading execution time for power by changing the resources involved in the computation. The resulting accelerator, when necessary, can consume 30% less power on each layer, taking about overall 8% more time to classify an image.
Genetic breaks caused by ancient forest fragmentation: phylogeography of Staudtia kamerunensis (Myristicaceae) reveals distinct clusters in the Congo Basin
Authors: Vanden Abeele Samuel , Matvijev Katarina , Hardy Olivier J. , Assumani Dieu-Merci , Angoboy Ilondea Bhély , Beeckman Hans , Bouka Gael U. D. , Boupoya Clay Archange , Deklerck Victor , Flot Jean-François , Gillet Jean-François , Kamdem Narcisse Guy , Lisingo Janvier , Monthe Franck , Sonké Bonaventure , Janssens Steven B.
Published: April 2023

Documenting species and population diversity is becoming increasingly important as the destruction and degradation of natural ecosystems are leading to a worldwide biodiversity loss. Despite the rapid development of genetic tools, many species remain undocumented and little is known about the diversity of individuals and populations, especially for tropical African plants. In this study, we aim to identify putative hidden species and/or differentiated populations in the tropical African treeStaudtia kamerunensisWarb. (Myristicaceae), a widespread species characterized by a high morphological diversity and a complex taxonomical history. Historical herbarium vouchers were sampled and leaf or cambium samples were collected in the field, dried in silica gel, and subsequently genotyped at 14 microsatellite loci (SSRs), as well as sequenced for two nuclear genes (At103,Agt1) and one plastid region (psbA-trnH). These genetic data were then analyzed using Bayesian clustering, population genetics, and the construction of haplowebs to assess genetic clustering patterns, the distribution of genetic diversity, and genetic differentiation among populations. Multiple genetically differentiated clusters were observed in parapatry throughout Central Africa. Genetic diversity was high and similar among these clusters, apart from the most differentiated populations in southeast Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo), which showed lower levels of genetic diversity. The genetic breaks detected betweenS. kamerunensispopulations are likely not indicative of hidden species but rather result from ancient rainforest fragmentation during cold and dry periods in the Pliocene and/or Pleistocene. The strong genetic divergence between populations in southeast DR Congo could be the result of an ongoing speciation linked to ecological niche differentiation.
Therapeutenwechsel in der Sozialtherapie
Authors: Heintzsch Ronja , Weckmann Anette Claudia
Published: April 2023

Die therapeutische Allianz gilt mithin als wichtigster Wirkfaktor für den Erfolg von Psychotherapie. Kommt es zu (geplanten oder ungeplanten) Therapeut*innenwechseln innerhalb der Behandlung, muss eine therapeutische Beziehung oft mühsam neu aufgebaut werden. Auch in der Sozialtherapie können solche Wechsel stattfinden, indes ist jedoch wenig über die Gründe und Häufigkeiten selbiger bekannt. In einer qualitativen Interviewbefragung mit 19 Expert*innen psychologischer Fachdienste aus sozialtherapeutischen Anstalten in 5 Bundesländern wurden Gründe für Therapeut*innenwechsel erfragt. Als häufigste Gründe für Wechsel ergaben sich hierbei allgemeine Interaktionsprobleme, Personalwechsel, Elternzeit sowie Stationswechsel des Inhaftierten oder Behandelnden. Dabei berichtete die Mehrzahl der Interviewten, dass Wechsel gar nicht oder nur in Ausnahmefällen von Inhaftierten initiiert werden konnten. Wechsel wurden zudem vor allem bei Inhaftierten mit Bindungsstörungen vermieden. Möglichkeiten zur Steigerung von Kontinuität innerhalb der Sozialtherapie sowie Grenzen der Entscheidungsfreiheit von Inhaftierten werden abschließend diskutiert.
Resonance assignments of the microtubule-binding domain of the microtubule-associated protein 7 (MAP7)
Authors: Adler Agnes , Kjaer Lenette F. , Beugelink J. Wouter , Baldus Marc , van Ingen Hugo
Published: April 2023

The microtubule-associated protein 7 (MAP7) is a protein involved in cargo transport along microtubules (MTs) by interacting with kinesin-1 through the C-terminal kinesin-binding domain. Moreover, the protein is reported to stabilize MT, thereby playing a key role in axonal branch development. An important element for this latter function is the 112 amino-acid long N-terminal microtubule-binding domain (MTBD) of MAP7. Here we report NMR backbone and side-chain assignments that suggest a primarily alpha-helical secondary fold of this MTBD in solution. The MTBD contains a central long α-helical segment that includes a short four-residue ‘hinge’ sequence with decreased helicity and increased flexibility. Our data represent a first step towards analysing the complex interaction of MAP7 with MTs at an atomic level via NMR spectroscopy.
Correction to: Layered Networks, Equilibrium Dynamics, and Stable Coalitions
Authors: Fu Jing , Page Frank , Zigrand Jean-Pierre
Published: April 2023

An important aspect of network dynamics that has been missing from our understanding of network dynamics in various applied settings is the influence of strategic behavior in determining equilibrium network dynamics. Our main objective hears to say what we can regarding the emergence of stable club networks—and therefore, stable coalition structures—based on the stability properties of strategically determined equilibrium network formation dynamics. Because club networks are layered networks, our work here can be thought of as a first work on the strategic dynamics of layered networks. In addition to constructing a discounted stochastic game model (i.e., a DSG model) of club network formation, (1) we show that our DSG of network formation possesses a stationary Markov perfect equilibrium in players’ membership-action strategies; (2) we identify the assumptions on primitives which ensure that the induced equilibrium Markov process of layered club network formation satisfies the Tweedie Stability Conditions (Tweedie in Stoch Processes Their Appl 92:345–354) and (3) we show that, as a consequence, the equilibrium Markov network formation process generates a unique decomposition of the set of state-network pairs into a transient set together with finitely many basins of attraction. Moreover, we show that if there is a basin containing a vio set (a visited infinitely often set) of club networks sufficiently close together, then the coalition structures across club networks in the vio set will be the same (i.e., closeness across networks in a vio set leads to invariance in coalition structure across networks in a vio set).
Non-linear Young equations in the plane and pathwise regularization by noise for the stochastic wave equation
Authors: Bechtold Florian , Harang Fabian A. , Rana Nimit
Published: April 2023

We study pathwise regularization by noise for equations on the plane in the spirit of the framework outlined by Catellier and Gubinelli (Stoch Process Appl 126(8):2323–2366, 2016). To this end, we extend the notion of non-linear Young equations to a two dimensional domain and prove existence and uniqueness of such equations. This concept is then used in order to prove regularization by noise for stochastic equations on the plane. The statement of regularization by noise is formulated in terms of the regularity of the local time associated to the perturbing stochastic field. For this, we provide two quantified example: a fractional Brownian sheet and the sum of two one-parameter fractional Brownian motions. As a further illustration of our regularization results, we also prove well-posedness of a 1D non-linear wave equation with a noisy boundary given by fractional Brownian motions. A discussion of open problems and further investigations is provided.
Feature selection using non-dominant features-guided search for gene expression profile data
Authors: Pan Xiaoying , Sun Jun , Yu Huimin , Xue Yufeng
Published: April 2023

Gene expression profile data have high-dimensionality with a small number of samples. These data characteristics lead to a long training time and low performance in predictive model construction. To address this issue, the paper proposes a feature selection algorithm using non-dominant feature-guide search. The algorithm adopts a filtering framework based on feature sorting and search strategy to overcome the problems of long training time and poor performance. First, the feature pre-selection is completed according to the calculated feature category correlation. Second, a multi-objective optimization feature selection model is constructed. Non-dominant features are defined according to the Pareto dominance theory. Combined with the bidirectional search strategy, the Pareto dominance features under the current category maximum relevance feature are removed one by one. Finally, the optimal feature subset with maximum correlation and minimum redundancy is obtained. Experimental results on six gene expression data sets show that the algorithm is much better than Fisher score, maximum information coefficient, composition of feature relevancy, mini-batch K-means normalized mutual information feature inclusion, and max-Relevance and Min-Redundancy algorithms. Compared to feature selection method based on maximum information coefficient and approximate Markov blanket, the algorithm not only has high computational efficiency but also can obtain better classification capabilities in a smaller dimension.
Dynamic role discovery and assignment in multi-agent task decomposition
Authors: Xia Yu , Zhu Junwu , Zhu Liucun
Published: April 2023

Effective multi-agent teamwork can be facilitated by using personas to decompose goals into lower-level team subtasks through a shared understanding of multi-agent tasks. However, traditional methods for role discovery and assignment are not scalable and fail to adapt to dynamic changes in the environment. To solve this problem, we propose a new framework for learning dynamic role discovery and assignment. We first introduce an action encoder to construct a vector representation for each action based on its characteristics, and define and classify roles from a more comprehensive perspective based on both action differences and action contributions. To rationally assign roles to agents, we propose a representation-based role selection policy based on consideration of role differences and reward horizons, which enables agents to play roles dynamically by dynamically assigning agents with similar abilities to play the same role. Agents playing the same role share their learning of the role, and different roles correspond to different action spaces. We also introduce regularizers to increase the differences between roles and stabilize training by preventing agents from changing roles frequently. Role selection and role policy integrate action representations and role differences in a restricted action space, improving learning efficiency. We conducted experiments in the SMAC benchmark and showed that our method enables effective role discovery and assignment, outperforming the baseline on four of the six scenarios, with an average improvement in win rate of 20$$\%$$
%
, and is effective in hard and super hard maps. We also conduct ablation experiments to demonstrate the importance of each component in our approach.
Hformer: highly efficient vision transformer for low-dose CT denoising
Authors: Zhang Shi-Yu , Wang Zhao-Xuan , Yang Hai-Bo , Chen Yi-Lun , Li Yang , Pan Quan , Wang Hong-Kai , Zhao Cheng-Xin
Published: April 2023

In this paper, we propose Hformer, a novel supervised learning model for low-dose computer tomography (LDCT) denoising. Hformer combines the strengths of convolutional neural networks for local feature extraction and transformer models for global feature capture. The performance of Hformer was verified and evaluated based on the AAPM-Mayo Clinic LDCT Grand Challenge Dataset. Compared with the former representative state-of-the-art (SOTA) model designs under different architectures, Hformer achieved optimal metrics without requiring a large number of learning parameters, with metrics of 33.4405 PSNR, 8.6956 RMSE, and 0.9163 SSIM. The experiments demonstrated designed Hformer is a SOTA model for noise suppression, structure preservation, and lesion detection.
Breathers and rogue waves for semilinear curl-curl wave equations
Authors: Plum Michael , Reichel Wolfgang
Published: April 2023

We consider localized solutions of variants of the semilinear curl-curl wave equation $$s(x) \partial _t^2 U +\nabla \times \nabla \times U + q(x) U \pm V(x) \vert U \vert ^{p-1} U = 0$$

s

(
x
)

∂
t
2

U
+
∇
×
∇
×
U
+
q

(
x
)

U
±
V

(
x
)

|
U
|

p
-
1

U
=
0

for $$(x,t)\in {\mathbb {R}}^3\times {\mathbb {R}}$$

(
x
,
t
)

∈

R

3

×
R

and arbitrary $$p>1$$

p
>
1

. Depending on the coefficients s, q, V we can prove the existence of three types of localized solutions: time-periodic solutions decaying to 0 at spatial infinity, time-periodic solutions tending to a nontrivial profile at spatial infinity (both types are called breathers), and rogue waves which converge to 0 both at spatial and temporal infinity. Our solutions are weak solutions and take the form of gradient fields. Thus they belong to the kernel of the curl-operator so that due to the structural assumptions on the coefficients the semilinear wave equation is reduced to an ODE. Since the space dependence in the ODE is just a parametric dependence we can analyze the ODE by phase plane techniques and thus establish the existence of the localized waves described above. Noteworthy side effects of our analysis are the existence of compact support breathers and the fact that one localized wave solution U(x, t) already generates a full continuum of phase-shifted solutions $$U(x,t+b(x))$$

U
(
x
,
t
+
b
(
x
)
)

where the continuous function $$b:{\mathbb {R}}^3\rightarrow {\mathbb {R}}$$

b
:

R

3

→
R

belongs to a suitable admissible family.
Digital twin-enabled smart facility management: A bibliometric review
Authors: Hakimi Obaidullah , Liu Hexu , Abudayyeh Osama
Published: April 2023

In recent years, the architecture, engineering, construction, and facility management (FM) industries have been applying various emerging digital technologies to facilitate the design, construction, and management of infrastructure facilities. Digital twin (DT) has emerged as a solution for enabling real-time data acquisition, transfer, analysis, and utilization for improved decision-making toward smart FM. Substantial research on DT for FM has been undertaken in the past decade. This paper presents a bibliometric analysis of the literature on DT for FM. A total of 248 research articles are obtained from the Scopus and Web of Science databases. VOSviewer is then utilized to conduct bibliometric analysis and visualize keyword co-occurrence, citation, and co-authorship networks; furthermore, the research topics, authors, sources, and countries contributing to the use of DT for FM are identified. The findings show that the current research of DT in FM focuses on building information modeling-based FM, artificial intelligence (AI)-based predictive maintenance, real-time cyber–physical system data integration, and facility lifecycle asset management. Several areas, such as AI-based real-time asset prognostics and health management, virtual-based intelligent infrastructure monitoring, deep learning-aided continuous improvement of the FM systems, semantically rich data interoperability throughout the facility lifecycle, and autonomous control feedback, need to be further studied. This review contributes to the body of knowledge on digital transformation and smart FM by identifying the landscape, state-of-the-art research trends, and future needs with regard to DT in FM.
Toward combined photobiological–photochemical formation of kerosene-type biofuels: which small 1,3-diene photodimerizes most efficiently?
Authors: Vajravel Sindhujaa , Cid Gomes Leandro , Rana Anup , Ottosson Henrik
Published: April 2023

A transition from fossil- to bio-based hydrocarbon fuels is required to reduce greenhouse gas emissions; yet, traditional biomass cultivation for biofuel production competes with food production and impacts negatively on biodiversity. Recently, we reported a proof-of-principle study of a two-step photobiological–photochemical approach to kerosene biofuels in which a volatile hydrocarbon (isoprene) is produced by photosynthetic cyanobacteria, followed by its photochemical dimerization into C10 hydrocarbons. Both steps can utilize solar irradiation. Here, we report the triplet state (T1)-sensitized photodimerization of a broader set of small 1,3-dienes to identify which structural features lead to rapid photodimerization. Neat 1,3-cyclohexadiene gave the highest yield (93%) after 24 h of irradiation at 365 nm, followed by isoprene (66%). The long triplet lifetime of 1,3-cyclohexadiene, which is two orders of magnitude longer than those of acyclic dienes, is key to its high photoreactivity and stem from its planar T1 state structure. In contrast, while isoprene is conformationally flexible, it has both photochemical and photobiological advantages, as it is the most reactive among the volatile 1,3-dienes and it can be produced by cyanobacteria. Finally, we explored the influence of solvent viscosity, diene concentration, and triplet sensitizer loading on the photodimerization, with a focus on conditions that are amenable when the dienes are produced photobiologically. Our findings should be useful for the further development of the two-step photobiological–photochemical approach to kerosene biofuels.

Graphical abstract
Schutz vor Über- und Unterversorgung – Einführung in die DEGAM-Leitlinie
Authors: Kühlein Thomas , Egidi Günther , Scherer Martin ,   Leitliniengruppe, Scherer Martin , Kühlein Thomas , Egidi Günther , Wagner Hans-Otto , Dubben Hans-Hermann , Lühmann Dagmar , Abiry Dorit , Barzel Anne , Muche-Borowski Cathleen
Published: April 2023

Hintergrund

Seit Juni 2019 gibt es die DEGAM-Leitlinie „Schutz vor Über- und Unterversorgung – gemeinsam entscheiden“. Die hier vorgelegte Arbeit gibt den Einführungstext der Leitlinie in komprimierter und überarbeiteter Form wieder.

Ziel der Arbeit

Das Problem der Über- und Unterversorgung sowie die Existenz der Leitlinie einer breiteren Leserinnen- und Leserschaft bewusst zu machen.

Material und Methoden

Grundlage dieser Arbeit ist der Einführungstext der Leitlinie, der von den Autoren, die Mitglieder der Leitlinienkommission sind, neu überarbeitet und ergänzt wurde.

Ergebnisse

Der Artikel definiert zunächst Über- und Unterversorgung und führt dann in die wesentlichen Ursachen, Dimensionen und Lösungsmöglichkeiten beider Phänomene ein. Dazu gehören letztlich auch die Folgen von Überversorgung für die planetare Gesundheit.

Diskussion

Über- und Unterversorgung sind häufig und bedingen sich oft gegenseitig. Die Leitlinie bietet auf Basis der wichtigsten Empfehlungen der anderen DEGAM-Leitlinien sowie der Nationalen VersorgungsLeitlinie einen Kernempfehlungssatz, um Über- und Unterversorgung zu vermeiden.
Sliding mode corrector for jet UAV control
Authors: Wang X.
Published: April 2023

A sliding mode corrector is presented for disturbance rejection in position sensing using relatively accurate velocity measurement. The corrector design is based on a robust second-order sliding mode (2-sliding mode), which makes the fusion of position and velocity on a sliding surface to reject disturbance. Even when the frequency bands of disturbance and actual position signal overlap, or large-magnitude disturbance exists, the corrector can still provide the accurate and smoothed estimate of position. The proposed corrector is applied to a jet UAV navigation and control. In the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system, the disturbances exist in position and attitude measurements, and the uncertainties exist in the system dynamics. For the UAV trajectory tracking control, the system model is constructed in the earth-fixed frame, and the constructed model is fit for observer design to estimate system uncertainties. The control laws are designed according to the correction of position and attitude by the correctors and the estimation of system uncertainties by an existing observer. Finally, the flight experiment demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Actualité de la Terreur
Authors: Simonin Anne
Published: April 2023

La Terreur, ces dix-huit mois du gouvernement révolutionnaire de l’an II généralement compris entre mars 1793 et juillet 1794, est probablement la période de l’histoire de la Révolution qui résiste le plus à l’interprétation. Et l’intérêt, pour ne pas dire la passion, dans la recherche des causes et des responsables qui anime ceux qui en furent les contemporains, et les potentielles victimes, est d’une intensité qui ne se démentira pas au xixe siècle, voire au xxe siècle, chez les historiens cette fois. L’historiographie récente de la Terreur, dont certains ouvrages sont ici analysés, est d’un ton plus apaisé. Malgré des désaccords persistants, un consensus s’est fait jour. Les émotions sont reconnues comme facteur décisif des choix radicaux faits par les acteurs. Ces choix ne sont pas seulement rationnels et contraints, puisque dictés par les circonstances ; ils ne trahissent pas non plus une vision politique cohérente, un système matrice d’une pensée totalitaire, mais bien plutôt des ajustements que des individus sont forcés de faire pour rester en cohérence avec les « communautés émotionnelles » auxquelles ils appartiennent. Les émotions ne sont pas un paradigme neuf : c’est Lucien Febvre qui, dès la fin des années 1930, a alerté sur leur importance pour l’historien. Appliquées à la Terreur, dans les champs historiographiques français et anglais, les émotions participent d’une nouvelle histoire des élites. Mais peuvent-elles, à elles seules, rendre compte de cet état d’exception qu’est l’état de guerre expérimenté par la France durant la Terreur ?
Use of clinical decision support for antibiotic stewardship in the emergency department and outpatient clinics: An interrupted time-series analysis
Authors: Ford James S. , Morgan Bustamante Brittany L. , Virk Mehr Kaur , Ramirez Nancy , Matsumoto Cynthia G. , Lee Daniel Jin , MacDonald Scott , May Larissa
Published: April 2023

Objective:

To evaluate the impact of implementing clinical decision support (CDS) tools for outpatient antibiotic prescribing in the emergency department (ED) and clinic settings.

Design:

We performed a before-and-after, quasi-experimental study that employed an interrupted time-series analysis.

Setting:

The study institution was a quaternary, academic referral center in Northern California.

Participants:

We included prescriptions for patients in the ED and 21 primary-care clinics within the same health system.

Intervention:

We implemented a CDS tool for azithromycin on March 1, 2020, and a CDS tool for fluoroquinolones (FQs; ie, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin) on November 1, 2020. The CDS added friction to inappropriate ordering workflows while adding health information technology (HIT) features to easily perform recommended actions. The primary outcome was the number of monthly prescriptions for each antibiotic type, by implementation period (before vs after).

Results:

Immediately after azithromycin-CDS implementation, monthly rates of azithromycin prescribing decreased significantly in both the ED (−24%; 95% CI, −37% to −10%; P < .001) and outpatient clinics (−47%; 95% CI, −56% to −37%; P < .001). In the first month after FQ-CDS implementation in the clinics, there was no significant drop in ciprofloxacin prescriptions; however, there was a significant decrease in ciprofloxacin prescriptions over time (−5% per month; 95% CI, −6% to −3%; P < .001), suggesting a delayed effect of the CDS.

Conclusion:

Implementing CDS tools was associated with an immediate decrease in azithromycin prescriptions, in both the ED and clinics. CDS may serve as a valuable adjunct to existing antimicrobial stewardship programs.
Resilience Mediates the Relationship Between Parental Attachment and Posttraumatic Growth in Adolescents: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Zang Xueyan , Li Tianyuan , Li Mengdan , An Yuanyuan , Cheng Xuan , Jin Jialu
Published: April 2023

Objective:

Previous studies have shown that parental attachment was associated with higher levels of posttraumatic growth (PTG) in individuals who have experienced traumatic events. The aim of the current longitudinal study is to investigate resilience as one pathway through which parental attachment is related to PTG among Chinese adolescents following the Yancheng tornado.

Methods:

A total of 351 adolescent survivors participated in this longitudinal study. Participants completed the revised version of Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA-R) at 12 months (T1), and the revised Chinese version of the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI-R) and the Connor and Davidson’s Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) at 18 months (T2) after the tornado, respectively.

Results:

It indicated that parental attachment at T1 has direct and positive effect on PTG at T2, and resilience at T2 fully mediated the relationship between parental attachment at T1 and PTG at T2.

Conclusion:

The findings revealed that parental attachment and resilience are two key resources that promote adolescent’s PTG, and parental attachment acts through resilience to promote PTG in adolescents.
Laser pulse shape designer for direct-drive inertial confinement fusion implosions
Authors: Tao Tao , Zheng Guannan , Jia Qing , Yan Rui , Zheng Jian
Published: April 2023

Pulse shaping is a powerful tool for mitigating implosion instabilities in direct-drive inertial confinement fusion (ICF). However, the high-dimensional and nonlinear nature of implosions makes the pulse optimization quite challenging. In this research, we develop a machine-learning pulse shape designer to achieve high compression density and stable implosion. The facility-specific laser imprint pattern is considered in the optimization, which makes the pulse design more relevant. The designer is applied to the novel double-cone ignition scheme, and simulation shows that the optimized pulse increases the areal density expectation by 16% in one dimension, and the clean-fuel thickness by a factor of four in two dimensions. This pulse shape designer could be a useful tool for direct-drive ICF instability control.
Flattening of a hollow droplet impacting a solid surface
Authors: Nasiri Mahdi , Amini Ghobad , Moreau Christian , Dolatabadi Ali
Published: April 2023

The interaction of a hollow droplet impacting a solid surface occurs in several applications, including controllable biomedicine and thermal spray coating. Understanding the physics of the hollow droplet spreading is the key to maintaining the mass transfer process in all relevant applications. In this work, a comprehensive experimental, numerical and theoretical study is performed on water hollow droplets impacting a rigid surface to better understand the flattening process of a hollow droplet. In the numerical part, compressible Navier–Stokes equations are solved using the volume of fluid (VOF) method in a two-dimensional (2-D)-axisymmetric model. The comparison of simulation results with the experimental photographs shows that the numerical solution can correctly predict the hollow droplet shape evolution. The results show that the spreading diameter and height of the counter-jet formed after the hollow droplet impact grow with impact velocity. Investigating the size and location of the entrapped bubble shows an optimum bubble size that facilitates the hollow droplet flattening. It is also shown that the ripples on splats produced by the hollow droplets with a larger bubble size are higher than those of small bubbles. In the end, a theoretical model is developed to analyse the maximum spreading diameter of the hollow droplet impact analytically. Its prediction is in good agreement with the experimental and numerical results.
Stability theory for metal pad roll in cylindrical liquid metal batteries
Authors: Herreman W. , Wierzchalek L. , Horstmann G.M. , Cappanera L. , Nore C.
Published: April 2023

When liquid metal batteries are charged or discharged, strong electrical currents are passing through the three liquid layers that we find in their interior. This may result in the metal pad roll instability that drives gravity waves on the interfaces between the layers. In this paper, we investigate theoretically metal pad roll instability in idealised cylindrical liquid metal batteries that were simulated previously by Weber et al. (Phys. Fluids, vol. 29, no. 5, 2017b, 054101) and Horstmann et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 845, 2018, pp. 1–35). Near the instability threshold, we expect weakly destabilised gravity waves, and in this parameter regime, we can use perturbation methods to find explicit formulas for the growth rate of all possible waves. This perturbative approach also allows us to include dissipative effects, hence we can locate the instability threshold with good precision. We show that our theoretical growth rates are in quantitative agreement with previous and new direct numerical simulations. We explain how our theory can be used to estimate a lower bound on cell size beneath which metal pad roll instability is unlikely.
Laryngoscopy-based scoring system for the diagnosis of vocal fold leukoplakia
Authors: Ni Xiao-Guang , Zhu Ji-Qing , Tie Cheng-Wei , Wang Mei-Ling , Zhang Wei , Wang Gui-Qi
Published: April 2023

Objective

To propose a scoring system based on laryngoscopic characteristics for the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant vocal fold leukoplakia.

Methods

Laryngoscopic images from 200 vocal fold leukoplakia cases were retrospectively analysed. The laryngoscopic signs of benign and malignant vocal fold leukoplakia were compared, and statistically significant features were assigned and accumulated to establish the leukoplakia finding score.

Results

A total of five indicators associated with malignant vocal fold leukoplakia were included to construct the leukoplakia finding score, with a possible range of 0–10 points. A score of 6 points or more was indicative of a diagnosis of malignant vocal fold leukoplakia. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy values of the leukoplakia finding score were 93.8 per cent, 83.6 per cent and 86.0 per cent, respectively. The consistency in the leukoplakia finding score obtained by different laryngologists was strong (kappa = 0.809).

Conclusion

This scoring system based on laryngoscopic characteristics has high diagnostic value for distinguishing benign and malignant vocal fold leukoplakia.
Compact hand-guided 3D scanning terahertz sensor platforms with 3D-printed aspherical telecentric f-θ lens
Authors: Mohammadzadeh Shiva , Hussung Raphael , Keil Andreas , Leuchs Sven , Krebs Christian , Nüßler Dirk , Seewig Jörg , von Freymann Georg , Friederich Fabian
Published: April 2023

We report on the development of a handheld three-dimensional (3D) terahertz scanning system with an aspherical telecentric 3D-printed f-θ lens using selective laser sintering. The lens covers a broader scan line of 50 mm with its larger aperture, compared to the 20 mm range in our initial work, which was presented at the European Microwave Week 2021. In order to evaluate the adaptability of the optomechanical components with different sensor units, two different integrated frequency-modulated continuous wave radar modules based on monolithic microwave integrated circuit technology, operating in W- and D-bands are tested within the measurement scheme. The optomechanical part consists of a galvanometer scanner mirror and the f-θ lens. The optical system enables B-scans perpendicular to the manual translational movement of the sensor unit by its user. An integrated guiding wheel system with rotary encoder makes it possible to correlate the measurement points to their respective locations, enabling complete 3D volumetric inspection of the corresponding structures, which is particularly useful for the inspection along cracks and welds.
Molten Meteorites Didn’t Deliver Earth’s Water
Authors: Hasler Caroline
Published: April 2023

A new study has ruled out large, once-molten meteorites called achondrites as sources of Earth’s water.
Fast and Accurate Estimation of Evapotranspiration for Smart Agriculture
Authors: Li Weiyu , Tartakovsky Daniel M.
Published: April 2023

The ability to quantify evapotranspiration (ET) is crucial for smart agriculture and sustainable groundwater management. Efficient ET estimation strategies often rely on the vertical‐flow assumption to assimilate data from soil‐moisture sensors. While adequate in some large‐scale applications, this assumption fails when the horizontal component of the local flow velocity is not negligible due to, for example, soil heterogeneity or drip irrigation. We present novel implementations of the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) and the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), which enable us to infer spatially varying ET rates and root water uptake profiles from soil‐moisture measurements. While the standard versions of EnKF and MLE update the predicted soil moisture prior to computing ET, ours treat the ET sink term in Richards' equation as an updatable observable. We test the prediction accuracy and computational efficiency of our methods in a setting representative of drip irrigation. Our strategies accurately estimate the total ET rates and root‐uptake profiles and do so up to two‐orders of magnitude faster than the standard EnKF.