bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterising optical array particle imaging probes: implications for small ice crystal observations
Authors: O'Shea Sebastian , Crosier Jonathan , Dorsey James , Gallagher Louis , Schledewitz Waldemar , Bower Keith , Schlenczek Oliver , Borrmann Stephan , Cotton Richard , Westbrook Christopher , Ulanowski Zbigniew
Published: August 2020

Abstract. The cloud particle concentration, size and shape data from optical array probes (OAPs) are routinely used to parameterise cloud properties and constrain remote sensing retrievals. This paper characterises the optical response of OAPs using a combination of modelling, laboratory and field experiments. Significant uncertainties are found to exist with such probes for ice crystal measurements. We describe and test two independent methods to constrain a probe's sample volume that removes the most severely mis-sized particles: (1) greyscale image analysis and (2) co-location using stereoscopic imaging. These methods are tested using field measurements from three research flights in cirrus. For these cases, the new methodologies significantly improve agreement with a holographic imaging probe compared to conventional data processing protocols, either removing or significantly reducing the concentration of small ice crystals (
Groundwater storage dynamics in the world's large aquifer systems from GRACE: uncertainty and role of extreme precipitation
Authors: Shamsudduha Mohammad , Taylor Richard G.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Under variable and changing climates groundwater storage sustains vital
ecosystems and enables freshwater withdrawals globally for agriculture,
drinking water, and industry. Here, we assess recent changes in groundwater
storage (ΔGWS) from 2002 to 2016 in 37 of the world's large aquifer
systems using an ensemble of datasets from the Gravity Recovery and Climate
Experiment (GRACE) and land surface models (LSMs). Ensemble GRACE-derived
ΔGWS is well reconciled to in situ observations (r=0.62–0.86,
p value <0.001) for two tropical basins with regional piezometric
networks and contrasting climate regimes. Trends in GRACE-derived ΔGWS are overwhelmingly non-linear; indeed, linear declining trends
adequately (R2>0.5, p value <0.001) explain
variability in only two aquifer systems. Non-linearity in ΔGWS
derives, in part, from the episodic nature of groundwater replenishment
associated with extreme annual (>90th percentile,
1901–2016) precipitation and is inconsistent with prevailing narratives of
global-scale groundwater depletion at the scale of the GRACE footprint
(∼200 000 km2). Substantial uncertainty remains in
estimates of GRACE-derived ΔGWS, evident from 20 realisations
presented here, but these data provide a regional context to changes in
groundwater storage observed more locally through piezometry.
Novel index to comprehensively evaluate air cleanliness: the Clean aIr Index (CII)
Authors: Sato Tomohiro O. , Kuroda Takeshi , Kasai Yasuko
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Air quality on our planet has been changing in particular since the industrial revolution (1750s) because of anthropogenic emissions.
It is becoming increasingly important to realize air cleanliness, since clean air is as valuable a resource as clean water.
A global standard for quantifying the level of air cleanliness is swiftly required, and we defined a novel concept, namely the Clean aIr Index (CII).
The CII is a simple index defined by the normalization of the amount of a set of individual air pollutants.
A CII value of 1 indicates completely clean air (no air pollutants), and 0 indicates the presence of air pollutants that meet the numerical environmental criteria for the normalization.
In this time, the air pollutants used in the CII were taken from the Air Quality Guidelines (AQG) set by the World Health Organization (WHO), namely O3, particulate matters, NO2, and SO2.
We chose Japan as a study area to evaluate CII because of the following reasons: (i) accurate validation data, as the in situ observation sites of the Atmospheric Environmental Regional Observation System (AEROS) provide highly accurate values of air pollutant amounts, and (ii) fixed numerical criteria from the Japanese Environmental Quality Standards (JEQS) as directed by the Ministry of the Environment (MOE) of Japan.
We quantified air cleanliness in terms of the CII for the all 1896 municipalities in Japan and used data from Seoul and Beijing to evaluate Japanese air cleanliness.
The amount of each air pollutant was calculated using a model that combined the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) and Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) models for 1 April 2014 to 31 March 2017.
The CII values calculated by the WRF–CMAQ model and the AEROS measurements showed good agreement.
The mean of the correlation coefficient for the CII values of 498 municipalities where the AEROS measurements operated was 0.66±0.05, which was higher than that of the Air Quality Index (AQI) of 0.57±0.06.
The CII values averaged for the study period were 0.67, 0.52, and 0.24 in Tokyo, Seoul, and Beijing, respectively; thus, the air in Tokyo was 1.5 and 2.3 times cleaner, i.e., lower amounts of air pollutants, than the air in Seoul and Beijing, respectively.
The average CII value for the all Japanese municipalities was 0.72 over the study period.
The extremely clean air, CII ≈0.90, occurred in the southern remote islands of Tokyo and to the west of the Pacific coast, i.e., Kochi, Mie, and Wakayama prefectures during summer, with the transport of clean air from the ocean.
We presented the top 100 clean air cities in Japan as one example of an application of CII in society.
We confirmed that the CII enabled the quantitative evaluation of air cleanliness.
The CII can be useful and valuable in various scenarios such as encouraging sightseeing and migration, investment and insurance business, and city planning.
The CII is a simple and fair index that can be applied to all nations.
BUILDING A MODEL FOR RESERVOIR CHARACTERISATION IN GIS USING MACHINE LEARNING
Authors: Singh A. , Bhardwaj P. , Biswas S.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. The authors have tried to build a 3D model for reservoir characterization. The model is planned in such a way to accommodate multiple wells with their Petro-physical data spatially using different grids and then integrating the data to determine the reservoir characteristics for unknown locations in 3D. Initially, the model is planned using well log data of Equinor Volve field (central part of North Sea). Computational analysis for reservoir characterization was conducted in GIS type platform using ML approach integrating with MATLAB and PYTHON plugins. The model provides an opportunity to determine reservoir characteristics at desired X, Y, Z coordinate. However, there remain important challenges of deciding the size of the 3D grid, vis a vis availability of data, assigning the data to grid cell, assigning weights to each populated grid, and ascertainment of the model to relate a surface between known grid cell, and checking the accuracy of a fit surface from various directions in 3D. On analysis of the grid data for wells, it came out that for few places the values are more homogeneous while at other, they are abruptly changing. Various methods of reservoir characterization have been referred to which use a different technique of data evaluation at unknown points. Once the grids were populated with known data, unknown grid locations were ascertained with interpolation such as nearest neighbour and linear method. Initially, interpolation was tried to be made in X-Y, X-Z, Y-Z plane and then at a plane in any direction in 3D. Multi interpolations have been used in the model that enables authors to view a desired surface in the reservoir to suggest the best possible direction of drilling to hit the correct pay zones. Even though uncertainty will be encountered but authors have strived to suggest a probable way to proceed from the available data.
GEO-LOCATING HISTORICAL SURVEY DATA AND IMAGES – A CASE STUDY FOR THE CANNING RIVER, PERTH, WESTERN AUSTRALIA
Authors: Helmholz P. , Mousa Y. , Snow T. , Haebich A. , Piggot G. , Tonkin J. , Lamont W.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. The aim of this project is to create the required framework to allow the transformation of the Canning River location survey data captured by Dr. J. A. Ludwig Preiss from 1841 into today’s maps and to utilise visualisation techniques to analyse the results. The original survey data includes distances and bearing observations as well as 14 historical maps. Firstly, the old survey data (includes distances and angles measurements) is plotted into a local coordinates system using modern surveying software (MAGNET Office). Then, common points (unchanged locations) are identified by comparison with the plotted and the current paths of the river. A similarity and affine transformation are used to find transformation parameters that allow to geo-locate the plotted river into the current geodetic datum (MGA94). The calculated Root Mean Squared Errors (RMSE) are 21.7 m and 21.1 m obtained by geo-locating the common points using similarity and affine transformation, respectively. For geo-referencing the historical maps, the similarity, projective and Thin Plate Spline (TPS) transformations have been applied. It has been found that one point of interest (referred to as Nairn’s house), which was drawn in one of the historical maps, still exists today (now known as Maddington Homestead). The distances from the actual position of Nairn’s house to its position in the georeferenced maps using similarity, projective and TPS are 11.8 m, 13 m, and 14 m respectively. All the gained information and map details are utilised in creating a dynamic visualisation suitable for comparing the generated map and historical map with modern aerial imaging and DTM data.
VISUALIZING LIFE IN AN INFORMAL SETTLEMENT OF SOUTH AFRICA USING WEB MAPS AND STORY MAPS
Authors: Mdleleni A. Z. , Rautenbach V. , Coetzee S.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Informal settlements are often not mapped, and only anecdotal evidence is commonly found on the activities that take place daily within these settlements. To address, this lack of information we followed a participatory GIS (PGIS) approach to mapping the daily struggles of individuals in the informal settlement of Alaska, Mamelodi, in Pretoria, South Africa. We interviewed twelve community members and started to analyse the data, but the question arises, how do we visualize and communicate the results? We decided to make use of web maps and story maps, and we implemented them both in Esri ArcGIS Online and in Mapbox. In this paper, we present the results of an evaluation of ArcGIS Online and Mapbox for creating web maps and story maps for PGIS projects. A list of evaluation criteria was developed based on literature and our experience. The results show that both ArcGIS Online and Mapbox are suitable options for creating web maps and story maps, but that they have different barriers to entry. We also found that story maps are superior in some cases to web maps for creating visualizations for PGIS projects as they provide a narrative with which the user can connect and a more immersive environment than web maps.
VISUALIZING MULTILAYERED GEOSPATIAL DATA IN VIRTUAL REALITY TO ASSESS PUBLIC LIGHTING
Authors: Spur M. , Houel N. , Tourre V.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. With the improvement and proliferation of virtual reality devices, their use for research and professional activity is broadening, fostering the advent of the field of immersive analytics, as is their acceptance among consumers. Other than the heightened sense of immersion into visualized data they provide, they also make displays of much larger apparent size and different positioning practical than what would be possible otherwise. Drawing on these benefits, we implemented a development of Multiple and Coordinated Displays (MCVs) for geovisualization that stacks different layers of data above each other, tilted for legibility. In a formal experiment, we evaluated it and two other, comparable MCV methods implemented in VR for their usefulness in analyzing public perception and soliciting public feedback regarding urban street lighting. In that field, the direction has recently been shifting from purely systemic development to a participatory approach, thus our investigation was into how a system like this could facilitate participation that can yield actionable results. Previous analysis of interaction data and usability questionnaires reveals preferences for certain systems depending on user characteristics, with the stack system showing a slight advantage over a grid of layers and especially over temporal multiplexing. We show that regardless of MCV variation, participants were able to analyze and provide feedback on public lighting situations that can directly contribute to urbanist work. The MCV approach further aided in understanding their choices, as eye-tracking allowed us to analyze attention to individual data layers.
ESTIMATING HEIGHTS OF BUILDINGS FROM GEOTAGGED PHOTOS FOR DATA ENRICHMENT ON OPENSTREETMAP
Authors: Wang Y. , Fan H. , Jiao W.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. To reconstruct 3D building models, building footprints and heights are essential information. From OpenStreetMap (OSM), we can easily obtain footprints. However, building height is usually missing. In order to yield the height information of building in OSM, this paper proposes a geometric method to estimate building height from geotagged photographs. This method explores the geometric relationship between the perspective centre of geotagged photos and buildings. Through matching photos and OSM, building height can be estimated according to the ratio of height to width of building. The proposed method can be divided into three parts. First, automatic geometric correction of photos is realized by using vanishing point tracking. After that, a semi-automatic scene search method is proposed to match the geotagged photograph and OSM. In this step, geographic coordinates of photos are used to locate a photographic scene. According to the edge of the building in the photos, corresponding footprints in OSM can be found. Finally, based on the length of the associated edge in the building footprint in OSM, the height of building can be calculated. Using Flickr photos and OSM in London, we experiment with the proposed method. The robustness of the geometric model has been verified. Experiments show that the proposed method is pertinent as the estimated height has expressed a proper ratio with its width, which is the same as the corrected photos. In particular for automatic geometric correction, which can achieve the same good results as the correction of manual operation.
MAPPING AIR QUALITY WITH A MOBILE CROWDSOURCED AIR QUALITY MONITORING SYSTEM (C-AQM)
Authors: Parés M. E. , Garcia D. , Vázquez-Gallego F.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. World cities are currently facing one of the major crisis of the last century. Some preliminary studies on COVID-19 pandemia have shown that air pollutants may have a strong impact on virus effects. Improved gas sensors and wireless communication systems open the door to the design of new air monitoring systems based on citizen science to better monitor and communicate the air quality levels. In this paper, we present the Crowdsourced Air Quality Monitoring (C-AQM) system, which relies on Air Quality Monitoring reference stations and a cluster of new low-cost and low-energy sensor nodes, in order to improve the resolution of air quality maps. The data collected by the C-AQM system is stored in a time series database and is available both to city council managers for decision making and to citizens for informative purposes. In this paper, we present the main bases of the C-AQM system as well as the measurements validation campaign carried out.
ANNUAL URBAN BUILT-UP CHANGE AREA ONLINE EXTRACTION USING LANDSAT TIME SERIES DATA
Authors: Zhang J. , Wu H. , Cai C.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Urban built-up area change information in multiple periods is a pivotal factor in global climate change application and sustainable development research. Due to spatial-temporal expression of land cover types, processing speed and operability, built-up area change information extraction using Landsat time series data is still a challenging task. To provide insights into the inter-annual dynamic of land use change, focusing on how time series characteristics improves recognition of urban change and how much online extraction convenience is facilitated, this paper presents a new methodology to built-up change area extraction using inter-annual time series of Landsat images. The central premise of the approach is that time series characteristics are firstly expressed by spectral index. The logistic algorithm is then used in time series trajectory modelling of land cover types for annual urban built-up change area extraction. Finally, the individual steps of the whole process, including image selection, time series trajectory modelling and results display, are converted to web service for online processing. The further comparison is also conducted between the proposed method and post-classification comparison method. Results show that the online processing mode has strengths regarding the provision of functionality to user-end, the automation of recurring tasks or the sharing of workflows. Results also demonstrate that the proposed method improves the accuracy of annual urban built-up change area extraction.
VISUALIZING 3D CLIMATE DATA IN URBAN 3D MODELS
Authors: Gautier J. , Christophe S. , Brédif M.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. In order to understand and explain urban climate, the visual analysis of urban climate data and their relationships with the urban morphology is at stake. This involves partly to co-visualize 3D field climate data, obtained from simulation, with urban 3D models. We propose two ways to visualize and navigate into simulated climate data in urban 3D models, using series of horizontal 2D planes and 3D point clouds. We then explore different parameters regarding transparency, 3D semiologic rules, filtering and animation functions in order to improve the visual analysis of climate data 3D distribution. To achieve this, we apply our propositions to the co-visualization of air temperature data with a 3D urban city model.
GIS-based DRASTIC and composite DRASTIC indices for assessing groundwater vulnerability in the Baghin aquifer, Kerman, Iran
Authors: Malakootian Mohammad , Nozari Majid
Published: August 2020

Abstract. The present study estimates the Kerman–Baghin aquifer vulnerability using
DRASTIC and composite DRASTIC (CDRASTIC) indices with the aid of geographic
information system (GIS) techniques. Factors affecting the transfer of
contamination, including water table depth, soil media, aquifer media, the
impact of the vadose zone, topography, hydraulic conductivity, and land use,
were used to calculate the DRASTIC and CDRASTIC indices. A sensitivity test
was also performed to determine the sensitivity of the parameters. Results
showed that the topographic layer displays a gentle slope in the aquifer.
Most of the aquifer was covered with irrigated field crops and grassland
with a moderate vegetation cover. In addition, the aquifer vulnerability
maps indicated very similar results, identifying the north-west parts of the
aquifer as areas with high to very high vulnerability. The map removal
sensibility analysis (MRSA) revealed the impact of the vadose zone (in the
DRASTIC index) and hydraulic conductivity (in the CDRASTIC index) as the
most important parameters in vulnerability evaluation. In both indices,
the single-parameter sensibility analysis (SPSA) demonstrated net recharge
as the most effective factor in vulnerability estimation. According to the
results, parts of the studied aquifer have a high vulnerability and require
protective measures.
Extension of the WRF-Chem volcanic emission pre-processor to integrate complex source terms and evaluation for different emission scenarios of the Grimsvötn 2011 eruption
Authors: Hirtl Marcus , Scherllin-Pirscher Barbara , Stuefer Martin , Arnold Delia , Baro Rocio , Maurer Christian , Mulder Marie D.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Volcanic eruptions may generate volcanic ash and sulfur dioxide (SO2) plumes with strong temporal and vertical variations. When simulating these changing volcanic plumes and the afar dispersion of emissions, it is important to provide the best available information on the temporal and vertical emission distribution during the eruption. The volcanic emission module of the chemical transport model WRF-Chem has been extended to allow integrating detailed temporally and vertically resolved input data from volcanic eruptions. The new emission pre-processor is tested and evaluated for the eruption of the Grimsvötn volcano in Iceland 2011. The initial ash plumes of the Grimsvötn eruption differed significantly from the SO2 plumes posing challenges to simulate plume dynamics within existing modelling environments: observations of the Grimsvötn plumes revealed strong vertical wind shear that led to different transport directions of the respective ash and SO2 clouds. Three source terms, each of them based on different assumptions and observational data are applied in the model simulations. The emission scenarios range from (i) a simple approach, which assumes constant emission fluxes and a pre-defined vertical emission profile, to (ii) a more complex approach, which integrates temporarily varying observed plume top heights and estimated emissions based on them, to (iii) the most complex method that calculates temporal and vertical variability of the emission fluxes based on satellite observations and inversion techniques. Comparisons between model results and independent observations from satellites, lidar and surface air quality measurements reveal best performance of the most complex source term.
Fra redaksjonen
Authors: Einarsdóttir Jóhanna
Published: August 2020

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Barns rett til medvirkning i lys av Klafkis danningsperspektiver
Authors: Rydjord Tholin Kristin
Published: August 2020

Temaet for denne artikkelen er barns rett til medvirkning sett i relasjon til barns danningsprosesser ibarnehagen. Både medvirkning og danning er sentrale verdier i barnehagenes formålsparagraf somskal nedfelles i praksis (Kunnskapsdepartementet 2005). Men hvordan fortolker førskolelærerne detteoppdraget og hvordan kommer det til uttrykk i praksis? Formålet med artikkelen er å løfte fram ulikeoppfatninger om barns rett til medvirkning sett fra noen førskolelæreres perspektiv. Datamaterialet erhentet fra et evalueringsprosjekt om hvordan Rammeplan for barnehagens innhold og oppgaver bleinnført, brukt og erfart (Østrem m.fl. 2009). Problemstillingen for artikkelen er: Hvordan kan barns retttil medvirkning forstås i lys av perspektiver på danning? Resultatet dokumenterer svært forskjelligesynspunkter og praksiser på barns medvirkning. Materialet blir undersøkt i tilknytning til teoretiskeperspektiver på danning med særlig vekt på Klafki (1996, 2005).
Fra redaksjonen
Authors: Tingstad Vebjørg
Published: August 2020

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Sammendrag av doktorgradsavhandlinger
Authors: Jaleta Jirata Tadesse , Pettersson Åsa , Sandvik Ninni , Ursin Marit
Published: August 2020

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Fra redaksjonen
Authors: Gaini Firouz
Published: August 2020

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Kroppslige/materielle tilblivelser: tempo, energi og affekt i barnehagen
Authors: Rossholt Nina
Published: August 2020

Artikkelen problematiserer hvordan jeg som forsker kan utvikle kunnskapsposisjoner som gir verdi tilbevegelser i kropper og gjenstander gjennom kroppslig tilblivelsesprosesser i barnehagen. Tilblivelsehandler om å tenke annerledes enn det jeg vanligvis gjør, idet jeg spør meg selv om det kroppslige idet hele tatt kan systematiseres og være gjenstand for representasjon. Jeg prøver ut en analysestrategisom tar utgangspunkt i en poststrukturalistisk/posthumanistisk metodologi der begrepene tempo, energi og affekt står sentralt. Analyser av bevegelser i kropper og gjenstander her eksemplifisert gjennomden materielle verden av blant annet vann, tårer, blader, sol, stoler og dører, åpner opp forkroppslige/materielle tilblivelser.
Med flicktionen som vägvisare. Teatrala skolflickor i en postfeministisk era
Authors: Lundberg Anna
Published: August 2020

I den här artikeln undersöks mötet mellan scenkonst för unga, politiska aspekter av samtida svenskskola och feministiska teoretiska perspektiv. Mer precist undersöks vilka möjliga subjektspositionersom erbjuds unga flickor inom ramen för ett analyserat teaterstycke. Texten fokuserar fyra flickfigureri pjäsen Ännu mer om alla vi ADHD- och MVG-barn i Bullerbyn, som sattes upp 2011 på ung scen/öst, enav Sveriges mest progressiva teatrar som riktar sig till barn och ungdomar. Sverige har sedan 1970-talet en rik tradition vad gäller samhällsengagerad och konstnärligt avancerad scenkonstproduktion.Pjäsen behandlar de frågor som svensk skola brottats med under det senaste årtiondet: vilken kunskapräknas som viktig, och hur formar det de grupper och individer som ingår i det svenska skolsystemet?I linje med det vetenskapliga fältet feministisk kulturanalys utgör artikeln ett möte mellan pjästext/uppsättning och de teoretiska perspektiv artikelförfattaren valt att utgå ifrån. Texten är på så sätt en teoretiskt informerad läsning av den politiska situation flickorna i pjäsen bebor. Centralt i sammanhangetär begreppet postfeminism. Genom kreativt akademiskt skrivande och med hjälp av begreppet postfeminism visar texten på det handlingsutrymme och de begränsningar som de fyra flickornas fiktiva subjektpositioner innebär.
Stat, kyrka och familj: Innehållet i allmogebarns uppfostran i Finland i början av 1900-talet
Authors: Granbom-Herranen Liisa
Published: August 2020

Sedan 1600-talet har staten och kyrkan varit de makthavande institutionerna när det gäller all pedagogisk undervisning i Finland. Artikeln handlar om de här institutionernas förväntningar på allmogensbarnuppfostran i relation till den förverkligade informella uppfostran som var den främsta inlärningsmiljö för allmogebarn i Finland i början av 1900-talet. Statens och kyrkans förväntningar utrönas genomanalyser av olika dokument. Artikeln fokuserar även på ordspråk som används vid vardagliga tillfällenmellan barn och vuxna. I narrativer placeras ordspråken i en naturlig kontext. Vardagslivet bjuder påhändelser som inte alltid uppfattas som inlärningssituationer men som i själva verket har stor betydelseför människans lärande.
Ungdoms deltakelse i lys av makt og anerkjennelse
Authors: Hasle Bente
Published: August 2020

Artikkelen legger ut med å diskutere rettigheter og juridiske begrunnelser for unges deltakelse.Deretter settes fokus på unges utsikter for å erfare deltakelse i de norske familiene. Med henvisningtil flere undersøkelser argumenteres det for at «nye» egalitære familier legger gode forhold til grunnfor at ungdom skal få være aktivt deltakende – de unge forventer at foreldrene er «kjærlige sjefer». Iforhold til barnevernet og ungdomspsykiatrien blir barn og unges muligheter, som brukere, for deltakelse og medvirkning analysert i lys av Axel Honneths anerkjennelsesteori, og konklusjonen er at de heropplever en dobbel stigmatisering – gjennom de sosiale konstruksjonene av kategoriene «ungdom»og «psykisk syk».
Föräldraskap och barndom i institutionella sammanhang
Authors: Gu Limin , Kristoffersson Margaretha , Johansson Gunilla
Published: August 2020

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Föräldrasamverkan – en fråga om förtroende och erkännande i ljuset av några principer för relationen mellan föräldrar och skola
Authors: Erikson Lars
Published: August 2020

I takt med de marknadsliberala reformvindar som under de senare decennierna blåst över och förändrat det svenska skollandskapet har också relationen mellan föräldrar och skola förändrats. Föräldrar har fått ett utökat rättighetsutrymme att bestämma över de egna barnens utbildning, ett större mandat att utöva inflytande över skolan och därigenom har föräldrar ”dragits in” i skolan och kommit närmare de professionella. Fyra principer för relationen mellan föräldrar och skola beskrivs för att utskilja några huvudsakliga innebörder av denna alltmer komplexa relation. Teoretiskt är arbetet förankrat i en kunskapssociologisk tradition (Durkheim 1922/1956, Mannheim 1928/1968) och principerna kan ses som idealtyper i en weberiansk mening (Weber 1947). Två principer, isärhållandets princip och partnerskapsprincipen, står i centrum för den fortsatta diskussionen. Syftet i artikeln är att använda isärhållandets princip och partnerskapsprincipen som en referensram för att analysera hur några lärare bygger upp en förtroendefull relation till föräldrar. Det visade sig i de samtalsinriktade intervjuerna av sammanlagt 16 F-9 lärare, att lärarna använde förtroendeskapande strategier som handlade om en ”öppen kommunikation” och en medveten gränssättning med barnet/eleven i centrum av lärare-förälder-relationen. Artikeln avslutas med ett resonemang där förtroende och tillit relateras till begreppet erkännande.
Desirable parental participation in activities in compulsory schools
Authors: Jónsdóttir Kristín
Published: August 2020

This study on parental involvement in 20 compulsory schools in Iceland reveals what school professionals, teenagers and parents think is desirable parent participation. The majority of the students want their parents to participate, but primarily only in the academic portion of their school activities. The school staff was very positive towards traditional parents’ participation in social activities, but reluctant when participation touched upon their expertise in academic activities. The parents also found it most desirable to participate in social activities, and generally the more educated parents favoured parental involvement more than the parents with less education. In all groups, the interest in parents’ participation declined as the students grew older. The findings are discussed in light of Epstein’s family-school-community partnership model (Epstein 2011, Epstein et al. 2002), some critical perspectives, and Jeynes’ (2011) meta-analytical research which claims that supporting parents in subtle ways is most effective.
Lærer-foreldre-relasjoner under press
Authors: Karlsen Bæck Unn-Doris
Published: August 2020

Tema for denne artikkelen er forholdet mellom lærere og foreldre. Sett fra foreldres synspunkt kanforholdet til lærere noen ganger oppleves som vanskelig. På samme måte kan det å forholde seg tilforeldre oppleves som krevende og stressende for lærere og påvirke deres erfaring med og forståelseav egen profesjon. I ytterste konsekvens kan dette ha betydning for hvorvidt lærere blir i jobbene sine.I denne artikkelen problematiseres lærer-foreldre-relasjonen gjennom å løfte fram en del problemstillinger som kan representere utfordringer for relasjonen. Tillit trekkes fram som et viktig fundamentfor en god relasjon mellom lærer og forelder. Sosiale og kulturelle forskjeller som aktiveres i møtenemellom utdanningssystem og foreldre kan utfordre denne. Fra lærernes perspektiv har foreldre andreforventninger og krav til skolen og til lærerne enn tidligere, noe som kan øke presset i læreryrket.
Sammendrag av doktorgradsavhandling
Authors: Vuorisalo Mari
Published: August 2020

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Strategies for Developing Modern Administrators’ Change Leadership at Mahamakut Buddhist University
Authors: Kraisin Surasit , Agsonsua Pha , Chusorn Prayuth
Published: August 2020

This mixed methods research has main objectives consisting of investigating the components and creating strategies for the development of change leadership in the modern age among the administrators of Mahamakut Buddhist University. The sample consisted of administrators, teachers, and officers working in Mahamakut Buddhist University. Based on the implications of Krejcie and Morgan’s (1970) table for sample size allocation, a total of 262 samples were recruited. The quality of the research instruments can be verified by the content validity and reliability with an IOC of between 0.80 - 1.00 and a reliability of 0.98. The current existing condition of the change leadership for both the overall and the itemized analysis was found to be at a “Moderate level”. The strategies for the development of change leadership in the modern age among the administrators of Mahamakut Buddhist University had consisted of the following: 1) six measures for participation at work, 2) seven measures for collective vision, 3) six measures for the promotion of Wisdom exercises, 4) five measures for incentive and inspiration creation, and 5) six measures for promotion of teamwork.
"Fair Dealing" as a Defence to Copyright Infringement in UK Law: An Historical Excursion from 1802to the Clockwork Orange Case 1993
Authors: Bradshaw David
Published: August 2020

"Fair Dealing" as a Defence to Copyright Infringement in UK Law: An Historical Excursion from 1802to the Clockwork Orange Case 1993
"RETAINING" TITLE TO MIXTURES AND MANUFACTURED GOODS: A PRINCIPLED RE-APPRAISAL
Authors: Conaglen Matthew
Published: August 2020

"RETAINING" TITLE TO MIXTURES AND MANUFACTURED GOODS: A PRINCIPLED RE-APPRAISAL
JUSTICE WILLIAM BRENNAN JR: "CONSTITUTIONAL VISIONS TAKE FIVE VOTES"
Authors: Lucie Patricia
Published: August 2020

JUSTICE WILLIAM BRENNAN JR: "CONSTITUTIONAL VISIONS TAKE FIVE VOTES"
"SCHOLARS, STUDENTS AND SANCTIONS" - DISMISSAL AND DISCIPLINE IN THE MODERN UNIVERSITY"
Authors: Beloff QC Michael J
Published: August 2020

"SCHOLARS, STUDENTS AND SANCTIONS" - DISMISSAL AND DISCIPLINE IN THE MODERN UNIVERSITY"
PREROGATIVE POWERS: NEW LABOUR'S FORGOTTEN CONSTITUTIONAL REFORM?
Authors: Syrett Keith
Published: August 2020

PREROGATIVE POWERS: NEW LABOUR'S FORGOTTEN CONSTITUTIONAL REFORM?
COMMERCIAL LAW AND COMPANY LAW
Authors: Sealy Len
Published: August 2020

COMMERCIAL LAW AND COMPANY LAW
EQUITY'S MANHATTAN PROJECT: THE CREATION AND EVOLUTION OF THE MAREVA INJUNCTION
Authors: Stevens John
Published: August 2020

EQUITY'S MANHATTAN PROJECT: THE CREATION AND EVOLUTION OF THE MAREVA INJUNCTION
REMEDIES: A NEGLECTED CONTRIBUTION
Authors: Tenterborn Andrew
Published: August 2020

REMEDIES: A NEGLECTED CONTRIBUTION
THE DESERTED BANK AND THE SPOUSAL EQUITY
Authors: Welstead Mary
Published: August 2020

THE DESERTED BANK AND THE SPOUSAL EQUITY
ADDRESS AT THE SERVICE OF THANKSGIVING FOR THE RT. HON. LORD DENNING, O.M
Authors: Bingham The Rt Hon Lord Justice
Published: August 2020

ADDRESS AT THE SERVICE OF THANKSGIVING FOR  THE RT. HON. LORD DENNING, O.M
LEGAL PROTECTION OF SAME-SEX RELATIONSHIPS IN AUSTRALIA
Authors: Kirby CMG Michael J
Published: August 2020

LEGAL PROTECTION OF SAME-SEX RELATIONSHIPS IN AUSTRALIA
SOME PERSPECTIVES ON THE PROSPECTS FOR JUDICIAL INDEPENDENCE IN POST-1990 AFRICAN CONSTITUTIONS
Authors: Fombad Charles Manga
Published: August 2020

Constitutional reforms have dominated all political discourse in Africa since the current transition from authoritarian to democratic rule started in the early 1990s. This so-called “third wave”1 of democratisation has provoked African politicians and their constitutional engineers to design and introduce new or substantially modified constitutions. In spite of this frantic remodelling of constitutions, Africa’s record on constitutionalism has not been a particularly good one. Most post-independence constitutions were quickly abrogated or easily subverted, suspended or brazenly ignored at the whims of African leaders.
DIMINISHED RESPONSIBILITY AND INTOXICATION: INTERPRETATION, POLICY AND AUTHORITY IN R v DIETSCHMANN
Authors: Philips Edward
Published: August 2020

The latest decision of the House of Lords in relation to the interpretation and application of the defence of diminished responsibility in R v Dietschmann1 is to be welcomed as clarifying the issue of what may be regarded as an adequate judicial direction to the jury. The analysis of the defence has been problematic ever since its introduction in s 2 of the Homicide Act 1957.2 One possible explanation of the difficulties the defence has caused is the fact that it is an importation from Scots law, intended to ameliorate the dissatisfaction with the general defence of insanity. Accordingly, the defence has been shoe-horned into the complex common law in relation to homicide and sits uneasily with it.
APPELLATE ADVOCACY - NEW CHALLENGES. THE DAME ANN EBSWORTH MEMORIAL LECTURE
Authors: Kirby CMG Michael J
Published: August 2020

This lecture honours Dame Ann Ebsworth who died in 2002 of cancer.  She was but sixty-four years of age.  As I am the inaugural lecturer, I will record some personal facts, although her memory will be green for her friends, many of whom have come to this lecture to remember her and to celebrate her life. Ann Ebsworth was born on 19 May 1937.  Her father was an officer in the Royal Marines.  She was raised a Roman Catholic and derived from her religion and her parents strong convictions and a sense of public service.  She read history at the University of London where she was known as a formidable debater.  In 1962 she was called to the Bar by Gray’s Inn.  Her practice, which was in Liverpool, was predominantly criminal with some family work (which increased) and some civil work (which diminished).  She rose to be head of her chambers.  She was known as a considerable opponent, particularly in criminal cases.  She was described as an “… effective and formidable advocate, thorough in preparation, lucid and courteous in style and entirely unflappable.
MANGOLD v HELM (CASE C-144/04) GRAND CHAMBER, EUROPEAN COURT OF JUSTICE 22 NOVEMBER 2006
Authors: Thomas Olga
Published: August 2020

Yet Another Way Round Horizontal Direct Effect…In June 2003 Werner Mangold, who was 56 years old, concluded a fixed-term contract of employment with Rüdiger Helm. The contract provided that its duration was based on para 14(3) of the TzBfG (German Law on Part-Time and Fixed-Term Employment) which was intended to facilitate the fixed-term employment of older workers (those over the age of 52). A few weeks into his employment, Mangold brought proceedings against Helm before the Arbeitsgericht München (Munich Labour Court) claiming that the clause fixing the duration of his employment was void in that para 14(3) of the TzBfG, on which it was based, was incompatible with Council Directive 1999/70/EC of 28 June 1999 concerning the framework agreement on fixed-term work concluded by ETUC, UNICE and CEEP and Council Directive 2000/78/EC of 27 November 2000 establishing a general framework for equal treatment in employment and education.
A BRIGHTLY COLOURED PHOENIX
Authors: Burton Frances
Published: August 2020

Welstead and Edwards Family Law: Core Text ISBN 0 199 28235 8 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006) pp 372, price £18.95Considering the pace and volume of legislation and cultural change in Family law over the past 10 years, lecturers everywhere must finally have begun to despair of ever containing family law within a manageable syllabus before this neat compendium of essential principles and supporting authority was published by Oxford University Press in their Core Text Series, at the same time that the long awaited English spring did not arrive to cheer us after the prolonged winter.
OPPRESSION OF MINORITY SHAREHOLDERS- REFLECTIONS ON BLISSET v DANIEL
Authors: Hollington QC Robin
Published: August 2020

The leading modern case on the law relating to the rights of minority shareholders is the decision of the House of Lords in O’Neill v Phillips, in which Lord Hoffmann, giving the only speech, appeared to place heavy reliance upon the seminal speech of Lord Wilberforce in Re Westbourne Galleries Ltd.   The main purpose of this article is to compare and contrast the reasoning of Lord Hoffmann with that of Lord Wilberforce.  It is proposed to begin with a close look at the old case of Blisset v Daniel, and to analyse the use to which that authority was put by Lord Hoffmann and Lord Wilberforce.  It is proposed to conclude by considering the question whether the reasoning of Lord Hoffmann in O’Neill v Phillips is, or was indeed ever meant by him to be, of general or wide application.
LAWLESS WORLD: MAKING AND BREAKING GLOBAL RULES
Authors: De Mink Jason
Published: August 2020

Philippe Sands (Penguin Books, London 2006) Paperback, Pp 432, ISBN 9780141017990, £8.99This being the first book that I have ever read dedicated exclusively to international law, I was not certain what to expect.  I did not feel disappointed or out of my depth with “Lawless World” however, as Professor Sands writes clearly and authoritatively on subject-matter which will be quite familiar to most readers: the Pinochet trial, the Kyoto Protocol, trade rules, foreign investment, Abu Ghraib and Guantanamo, the Iraq War and torture.
Lord Denning in Perspective
Authors: Kodilinye Gilbert
Published: August 2020

LordDenning-The Judge and the Law Edited by J.L. Jowell & J.P.W.B. McAuslan [London: Sweet & Maxwell, 1984. xxxv & 486pp. Hardback £25.00]
THE EU CONSTITUTION: WHAT NEXT? OCTOBER 11TH 2005 THE LORD SLYNN OF HADLEY EUROPEAN LAW FOUNDATION
Authors: Wallace William
Published: August 2020

the gradual development of European institutions has been marked by a long succession of crises, several of which looked at the time to threaten the future of the entire structure, though in retrospect they can be seen as the mechanisms which forced reluctant governments to accept change.  European integration first collapsed in 1953, with the French National Assembly’s rejection of the treaty to establish the European Defence Community.  It seemed close to collapse again, also as a result of French intransigence, in the Luxembourg ‘Empty Chair’ crisis of 1965-6.   At the depth of the budgetary crisis in 1981-3, American observers were writing off European integration as a failure – before Margaret Thatcher and Francois Mitterand came to a compromise in Fontainebleau in 1984.  The Danes voted down the Maastricht treaty, and the French only narrowly approved it.  So we should not be too rattled by the latest crisis; though we need to consider whether this crisis is more severe than its predecessors, and in what ways.
Transfield Shipping Inc v Mercator Shipping Inc The Achilleas [2007] 2 Lloyds Rep 555
Authors: Sundaram Jae
Published: August 2020

IS THE COURT OF APPEAL DECISION IN THE ACHILLEAS GOOD LAW?In September 2007 the Court of Appeal upheld the decision of the Commercial Court in Transfield Shipping Inc v Mercator Shipping Inc The Achilleas. The case relates to the assessment of damages where late redelivery under a time charterparty causes the vessel to miss the cancellation date for the next fixture. The Commercial Court had earlier held that where a time charterparty had no unusual provisions or features and the time charterer fails to redeliver the vessel in time for its next fixture, leading to a loss of profit in the next fixture, the shipowner’s claim for damages based on that loss of profits against the redelivering charterer was not too remote, being a not “unlikely result” of late redelivery. This decision had come as a surprise to the shipping industry, especially amongst charterers.
Obituary
Authors: Edwards Susan
Published: August 2020

Lord Slynn of Hadley
Gregson v HAE Trustees Ltd & Ors [2008] EWHC 1006 (Ch)
Authors: Meager Rowena
Published: August 2020

“DOG-LEG” CLAIMS KICKED INTO TOUCH: BENEFICIARIES EXPOSED?The recent decision of the High Court in Gregson v HAE Trustees Ltd & Ors (“Gregson”) represents a low point for the potential sustainability of what has become known as a dog-leg claim, a hitherto rarely utilised cause of action. The essence of the dog-leg claim is this. When a trust suffers loss as a result of a breach by a corporate trustee, and that corporate trustee cannot or will not pursue its own directors to recover the losses to the settlement, a dog-leg claim recognises the right of action available to the corporate trustee as being the property of the trust. In the event that the corporate trustee fails to pursue its directors the beneficiaries may do so because the claim belongs to the trust.
MacLeod v MacLeod [2008] UKPC 64
Authors: Bray Judith
Published: August 2020

PRE-NUPTIAL AGREEMENTS UNDER SCRUTINYTraditionally, pre-nuptial settlements have not been enforceable in English law. The scepticism of the courts has largely been based on public policy and a reluctance to allow the parties to a marriage to enter into any contract which purports to deprive the courts of its jurisdiction. There is also an underlying presumption that parties to a marriage do not intend their agreements to form legally binding contracts and finding adequate consideration may be difficult unless the agreement is incorporated in a deed.
Transfield Shipping Inc v Mercator Shipping Inc (The “Achilleas”) [2008] 2 Lloyd's Rep 275
Authors: Halladay John
Published: August 2020

REMOTENESS OF CONTRACTUAL DAMAGESOn 9 July 2008, the House of Lords handed down its decision in Transfield Shipping Inc v Mercator Shipping Inc (The “Achilleas”).1  Overturning a series of lower decisions, the House of Lords unanimously decided to restrict the damages available for the breach of a charterparty caused by the late re-delivery of the ship.  The case will undoubtedly be important for those in the shipping industry, but will also be important for the development of the doctrine of remoteness of damages in contract law.
McCOUBREY & WHITE’S TEXTBOOK ON JURISPRUDENCE
Authors: Slater James
Published: August 2020

J E Penner, 4th edn (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2008) ISBN 9781847030221Professor J E Penner has assumed responsibility for McCoubrey and White’s Textbook on Jurisprudence, in the form of the new 4th edition. Previous editions were well structured, clear and wide ranging introductions to a difficult subject, and in these respects Penner’s 4th edition is no different. The main changes are twofold. First, there is more detailed exploration of certain topics; secondly, there is a broadening of subject matter through the inclusion of theoretical schools unaddressed by previous editions. Overall, the 4th edition is a significant improvement on its predecessors and Penner is to be congratulated for making a good textbook better.
DEFEND MY CASTLE: IS THE UK IN VIOLATION OF ARTICLE 8 OF THE EUROPEAN CONVENTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS?
Authors: Lindberg Per T
Published: August 2020

Since the 1990s approximately 700 000 properties have been repossessed in the UK by mortgagees. While encouraging its citizens to access mortgage finance, the UK government has failed to provide corresponding legal protection and an effective regulatory framework to curtail unscrupulous lenders. What, if any, is the UK government’s responsibility in protecting its mortgagors from losing their homes? By utilising the relatively newfound doctrine of positive obligations, this article elaborates on the extent to which the UK may be held accountable under Art 8 of the European Convention of Human Rights. By rebutting the relevance of the private and contractual nature of the mortgage relationship, arguing for the ability to enforce socio-economic rights and upgrading the concept of home in legal discourse, this article contends that the UK is in breach of Art 8 of the ECHR. This contention is a crucial step towards reformulating states’ role and responsibility under the ECHR and, if elaborated on by the judiciary, will potentially prompt political action to reform the law of mortgages in the UK.
THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS – UNIVERSALIST ASPIRATIONS OF PROTECTION IN THE MIDDLE OF THE EDGE OF OCCUPATION
Authors: Edwards Susan
Published: August 2020

This current commentary considers the case of Al-Saadoon and Mufdhi v the United Kingdom (a recent decision of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR)) and the issues upon which it turns. It raises the question of whether an occupying force has an obligation to protect the human rights of those under occupation. The inherent tensions, conflicts, contradictions, and limits posed in and by such a question are obvious. The occupying force – the UK – in this case constituted itself as part of the Multi-National Force (MNF) and invaded Iraq in 2003. The invasion and occupation was subsequently held to be illegitimate. The question of whether Iraqi citizens have a right to protection under any International Convention or treaty or any human rights instrument is a question of considerable importance and was the question so considered, in the case of Al-Saadoon and Mufdhi, in the case of Al-Skeini, and whether British forces were so protected was considered in R (Smith) v Secretary of State for Defence, to which I shall refer later.