bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The ethical justification for the use of non-human primates in research: the Weatherall report revisited
Authors: Arnason Gardar
Published: October 2017

The Weatherall report on the use of non-human primates in research was published in 2006. Its main conclusion was that there is a strong scientific case for the use of non-human primates in some cases, but the report stressed the importance of evaluating each case in the light of the availability of alternatives. In addition to arguing for the scientific necessity of using non-human primates in research, the report also provided an ethical justification. As could be expected, the report was harshly criticised by animal rights groups, but in the academic literature, only two critical replies appeared. In what follows, I will describe the ethical justification for non-human primate research as it is laid out in the Weatherall report and then consider the criticism in the academic literature. I conclude that the report’s ethical justification for the use of non-human primates in research, in particular in basic neuroscientific research, has not been convincingly challenged by its critics. Since the criticism of the report is limited and represents only a small part of the academic discussion about the use of non-human primates in research, and a still smaller part of the ethical discussion about animal research, it is important that the discussion continue both at the academic and social level.
Opportunistic survival strategy ofWelwitschia mirabilis: recent anatomical and ecophysiological studies elucidating stomatal behaviour and photosynthetic potential
Authors: Krüger G.H.J. , Jordaan A. , Tiedt L.R. , Strasser R.J. , Kilbourn Louw M. , Berner J.M.
Published: October 2017

We present new findings on leaf and stomatal apparatus anatomy and ecophysiology of Welwitschia mirabilis Hook.f. that are relevant to survival in the desert. We show that the structure of the stomatal apparatus with thin areas in the guard cell walls is a key feature enabling an opportunistic survival strategy through reversible quick switch-over from water conservation to CO2assimilation. Desert environment and greenhouse data demonstrated that stomatal conductance increased almost immediately after dawn to reach a maximum within approximately an hour, whereupon a steep decrease occurred. After discontinuation of induced drought in potted plants, fast recovery of stomatal conductance occurred while copious new root hairs developed within 50 h. Stomatal limitation proved to be the main photosynthetic constraint under induced drought. Under severe drought stress, biochemical limitation came into play. Chlorophyll fluorescence data of in-situ plants showed that the photosynthetic potential of leaf tissue is highest near the basal meristem, but although it decreases with age, it retains activity up to the leaf apex at the end of the green part. The photosynthetic potential of potted plants was optimal at 20 °C, analogous to mesophytic plants. Our data confirms our hypothesis that leaf surface and stomatal structure play a crucial role in moisture conservation and moderating leaf temperature for desert survival.
Site preparation severity influences lodgepole pine plant community composition, diversity, and succession over 25 years
Authors: Haeussler Sybille , Kaffanke Torsten , Boateng Jacob O. , McClarnon John , Bedford Lorne
Published: October 2017

Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm.) ecosystems of central British Columbia face cumulative stresses, and management practices are increasingly scrutinized. We addressed trade-offs between “light-on-the-land” versus more aggressive silvicultural approaches by examining plant communities and indicator species (non-natives, berry producers, epiphytes, mycotrophs, pine rust alternate hosts) across a gradient of five or six site preparation treatments at the Bednesti trial (established 1987). We tested whether more severe site preparation (i) caused plant community composition to diverge from a 35- to 46-year-old reference forest, (ii) accelerated succession by hastening crown closure, or (iii) delayed succession by promoting seral species. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination showed all treatments converging toward the reference forest composition. At 10 years, succession was incrementally delayed by more severe treatments; at 25 years, only burned windrows were still delayed. Mixed-effects models based on site preparation severity were better than crown closure models for 11 of 13 variables tested, suggesting that mostly belowground processes drive succession in these infertile ecosystems. Invasive hawkweeds persisted on all treatments at 25 years. Limited, contradictory data did not support using mechanical or fire treatments to reduce alternate hosts of pine stem rusts. Long-term trials such as Bednesti highlight the need for ecosystem-specific strategies and diverse approaches to accommodate conflicting benefits and risks of disturbance in forests.
Genèse des roches à cordiérite–anthophyllite des gisements cupro-zincifères de la région de Rouyn–Noranda, Québec, Canada
Authors: Rosen-Spence Andrée de
Published: October 2017

Cordierite–anthophyllite-bearing rocks are found in alteration pipes below some of the copper–zinc deposits of the Rouyn–Noranda area that occur in Archean volcanics. The cordierite and anthophyllite have been developed around the contact of the Dufault granodiorite, by isochemical metamorphism of ripidolite of ancient alteration pipes of volcanic origin.
Polished and Striated Mud Surfaces in the St. Lawrence Tidal Flats, Quebec
Authors: Dionne Jean-Claude
Published: October 2017

Drift ice polishes and striates the surface of mud tidal flats along the St. Lawrence Estuary. Drag marks are due to tidal currents dragging ice cakes on the bottom. Striated and polished mud surfaces can be fossilized and preserved. If found in consolidated sedimentary rocks, they would be indicators of: the top of a bed, current direction, shallow water, and a cold environment.
Lichenometric dating of holocene moraines at Mount Edith Cavell, Jasper, Alberta
Authors: Luckman B. H.
Published: October 2017

A preliminary growth curve for the lichen Rhizocarpon geographicum over a 250 year period was determined on moraines of quartzite debris at Mount Edith Cavell and Penstock Creek, Jasper National Park, Alberta. The dating control was obtained by dendrochronology and from documentary and photographic sources. The average growth over this period is 25 mm/century but the curve appears to be exponential in form and can he subdivided into 42 mm/century for the first 110 years and 11.4 mm/century for the subsequent 140 years. The latter figure gives a maximum estimate for the linear phase of Rhizocarpon geographicum in this area.Four "Little Ice Age" moraines are identified and dated as 1705 ± 5, 1720 ± 5, 1858 ± 7, and 1888 ± 7 AD at Mount Edith Cavell, and 1765 ± 5, 1810 ± 5, 1876 ± 5, and 1907 ± 5 AD at Penstock Creek. Recession of Cavell Glacier averaged about l6m/yearfrom 1927–1963 and 6–8 m/year from 1963–1975. Angel Glacier shows a similar pattern but has maintained its frontal position since 1962. Remnants of at least three "pre-Little Ice Age" moraines occur in two small areas at Mount Edith Cavell. The minimum lichenometric age for the oldest moraine is about 1800 BP. The presence of Bridge River Ash in the soils in front of the 1705 moraine indicate s no greater glacial advance in the last 2600 years. Thus although several glacial advances occurred at this site during the Holocene they were of similar or smaller extent than the "Little Ice Age" maximum.
Radiocarbon dates from Cornwallis Island area, Arctic Canada—an interim report
Authors: Washburn A. L. , Stuiver Minze
Published: October 2017

New radiocarbon dates from the University of Washington's Quaternary Isotope Laboratory are given for Cornwallis Island, Northwest Territories, Canada, and these and other radiocarbon dates for the area are assembled in a diagram, including the envelope of a tentative emergence curve. Most of the new dates are derived from surface collections but appear to represent a consistent altitude–age relationship confirming the pattern of previously published dates for the general region.The oldest of the new Holocene dates on marine shells indicate that the Resolute Bay area began emerging by at least 9700 years BP. The highest well developed marine strandlines recognized to date are at an altitude of ca. 105 m. However, the postglacial marine limit is probably some 10 m or more higher. As in adjacent regions, early postglacial emergence was initially rapid, of the order of an average 8.3 m/100 years for the first recorded 75 m, then slowed to an average 0.5 m/100 years for the last 40 m.
Submarine-fan characteristics and dual sediment provenance, Lower Carboniferous Bragdon Formation, eastern Klamath terrane, California
Authors: Miller M. Meghan , Cui Bingquan
Published: October 2017

The Carboniferous Bragdon Formation comprises sandstone, argillite, and conglomerate, which were deposited in a hybrid submarine-fan setting. The Bragdon Formation contains a crudely progradational succession of sand-rich turbidites and intercalated channel fill and debris flows. Apparent paucity of fine-grained rocks and relatively high sedimentation rates may suggest deposition within a small, rapidly subsiding, ponded basin. Three end-member petrologic sandstone types include (i) quartz-rich, chert-rich, and sedimentary-lithic-rich sandstone, (ii) volcanic-lithic- and feldspar-rich sandstone, and (iii) crystal-rich sandstone and tuffaceous argillite. The compositions reflect basement uplift, arc dissection, and the persistence of volcanism, respectively. Interbedded strata of differing provenance, together with little or no provenance mixing within beds, indicate multicomponent source terranes, line-source sediment dispersal pattern, and limited transport distances.Facies associations and provenance together suggest extension or transtension within an arc-related basinal setting during the Late Devonian and Early Carboniferous, resulting in deposition of epiclastic sediments that were rich in sedimentary rock fragments in a Paleozoic succession otherwise dominated by volcaniclastic rocks or fringing carbonates. Mid-Paleozoic chert-rich epiclastic strata are widespread within the western Cordillera in a variety of tectonic regimes that may be broadly related to the same oblique plate margin.
Fish consumption is inversely associated with type 2 diabetes in Manitoba First Nations communities
Authors: Marushka Lesya , Batal Malek , Sharp Donald , Schwartz Harold , Ing Amy , Fediuk Karen , Black Andrew , Tikhonov Constantine , Chan Hing Man
Published: October 2017

Consumption of fish and n-3 fatty acids (n-3 FAs) has been postulated to prevent type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Objective: To explore the association between self-reported T2D and fish consumption, dietary n-3 FAs, and persistent organic pollutants (POP) intake in a regionally representative sample of First Nations (FNs) in Manitoba.

Design: Data from the cross-sectional First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study (FNFNES) collected from 706 members of 8 Manitoba FNs in 2010 were used. Household interviews were used to collect social and lifestyle data. The consumption of fish was estimated using a traditional food frequency questionnaire. Fish samples were analyzed for the presence of POP. Multiple logistic regression models adjusted for potential risk factors for T2D were developed.

Results: A negative, dose–response relationship was found between fish intake and self-reported T2D. Fish consumptions of 2–3 portions per month and ≥1/week were inversely associated with T2D with odds ratio (OR) values of 0.51 (95% CI: 0.28–0.91) and 0.40 (95% CI: 0.19–0.82), respectively, compared with no fish intake. Similarly, intake of n-3 FAs was negatively associated with T2D (OR = 0.48 (95% CI: 0.30–0.77). Dietary POP intake was not associated with T2D.

Conclusion: These findings suggest that the consumption of traditionally harvested fish may have a beneficial effect on T2D in Manitoba FNs.
DIALLEL CROSSES OF 'VERNAL' ALFALFA PLANTS SELECTED FOR VIGOR IN ASSOCIATION WITH TIMOTHY GRASS
Authors: Fejer S. O.
Published: October 2017

Results from alfalfa diallel crosses showed that general and specific combining ability and reciprocal effects were mostly significant, but their relative importance varied with the character and the time of measurement.There were indications that early and dark flowering plants were more vigorous in this alfalfa material of 'Vernal' origin. Other correlations showed associations between vigor characters at an early stage and differences in later stages. A comparison with Vernal indicated that the selected material was relatively more vigorous under competition. Correlations with open-pollinated material were significant in plant height and diameter but not in vigor.
Variation of the intergenic spacer region of ribosomal DNA in cultivated and wild rice species
Authors: Sano Y. , Sano R.
Published: October 2017

Spacer-length variation in ribosomal DNA (rDNA) was surveyed in two cultivated rice species and their wild relatives. Among 243 accessions observed, 18 different spacer-length variants were detected. Length heterogeneity was found within and among species as well as within individuals. Conventional genetic analysis revealed that two spacer-length variants were located at two unlinked loci. Restriction enzyme maps showed that length heterogeneity resulted from repetition of short repeated sequences in the intergenic spacer region in the Asian cultivar and its progenitor; however, the spacer region greatly differed from those of reproductively isolated taxa with respect to the length and the sequence. Furthermore, the Asian cultivated species and its progenitor were highly polymorphic for rDNA spacer-length variation and they were differentiated in frequencies of spacer-length variants as well as varietal groups within the cultivated species. Asian cultivars tended to carry homogeneous repeats of rDNA compared with their progenitor, suggesting different forms of homogenization occurring in Asian cultivars.Key words: ribosomal DNA, intergenic spacer, polymorphism, inheritance, Oryza.
Choosing a "best" Canadian environmental management strategy
Authors: Heathcote Isobel W
Published: October 2017

All human societies have laws, which may be written or unwritten. Those laws, and the mechanisms to enforce them, evolve as internal and external forces shape the society. Modern environmental regulatory frameworks are a complex mixture of traditional behavioural rules and newer benchmarks of environmental performance. Gradually, we have come to value the rules themselves above the goals they are intended to achieve. In fact, environmental improvement can be achieved in many ways, not just through traditional regulatory approaches. Traditional "command-and-control" regulation provides a useful backstop but is limited in its ability to encourage innovation. Newer approaches, including economic instruments, voluntary clean-up, and recognition programs, offer the means to encourage prevention, protection, and conservation, rather than resource wastage and reliance on end-of-pipe technology. A combination of command-and-control programs for minimum limits, coupled with economic incentives and voluntary compliance schemes for enhanced protection, may be the only viable environmental management strategy for the 21st century.Key words: environmental management, environmental law, pollution prevention, economic instruments, voluntary, compliance.
A monoclonal antitroponin-T cross-reacts with smooth muscle and nonmuscle cells
Authors: Lim Soo-Siang , Hering Gordon E. , Borisy Gary G.
Published: October 2017

A mouse monoclonal antibody was prepared against chicken skeletal troponin-T. Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy of smooth muscle and nonmuscle cells indicated the presence of a cross-reactive component(s). In contrast to the definitive I-band reactivity in striated muscle, the smooth muscle components from chicken gizzard, lung, and small intestine showed diffuse, cytoplasmic staining. A filamentous pattern which converged on a perinuclear focus was observed in interphase cells (356 fibroblasts). This cross-reaction was determined to be associated with microtubules. To assess the extent of occurrence of the cross-reactive species, representatives of both the fungal and plant kingdoms were examined. In both Dictyostelium discoideum and cells of the onion (Allium) root tip, the antitroponin-T detected cross-reactive components associated with microtubules. Immunoblot experiments conducted to determine the molecular specificity of the antibody showed cross-reaction with only troponin-T in striated muscle preparations. Similar experiments with the antitroponin-T on chicken gizzard smooth muscle indicated reactivity with two bands whose electrophoretic mobilities are within the range reported for striated muscle troponin-T. Our results indicate the presence of a highly conserved troponin-T cross-reactive determinant in all muscle types, as well as nonmuscle cells. They raise the possibility of a troponin-like molecule in smooth muscle and nonmuscle cells which may confer calcium sensitivity in their cellular filament systems.
Structures observées dans la courbe d'émission photonique de N2 entre 11.00 et 15.50 eV
Authors: Veillette Paul , Marchand Pierre
Published: October 2017

The measurement of the broadband photon yield of N2 molecules excited by electron impact, as a function of the incident electron energy, shows many structures below the ionization threshold. Most of them are due to the formation of negative ion resonances N2−.
Scattering from a helical coil of circular cross section in the Rayleigh–Debye theory
Authors: Patitsas A. J.
Published: October 2017

The scattering form factor (structure factor) for a helical coil of N turns and of arbitrary circular cross section is expressed in infinite series form by utilizing the approximate Rayleigh–Debye scattering theory. The effect of the finite cross section of the coil on the form factor and on the phase angle of the amplitude of the form factor is shown in graphical form for various directions of the incident and scattered waves and for various values of the pitch and the radius of the coil in the range of those encountered in the X-ray diffraction by DNA molecules. The very long coil and the ring are considered as special cases. In all cases it is found that the extrema of the form factor for the thick coil appear at almost the same angles as those of the thin coil. The major difference appears at about 90° from the direction of the incident wave where the plot for the thick coil has sharp minima totally absent in the plot for the thin coil.
Asymmetric effects in the extended X-ray absorption fine structure analysis of solid and liquid zinc
Authors: Crozier E. D. , Seary A. J.
Published: October 2017

Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) results are presented for solid and liquid Zn for the temperature range 273 to 782 K. At the higher temperatures the distribution of nearest neighbour atoms is asymmetric. Neglect of the asymmetry and use of EXAFS analysis methods developed for symmetric distribution functions gives an underestimate of the nearest neighbour distance R1 and the disorder parameter σ12. It is shown that a transform analysis can be useful in detecting asymmetric effects, and methods of analyzing the EXAFS of asymmetric distributions are presented. An anharmonic oscillator model is applied to the EXAFS data of polycrystalline Zn to correct the values of R1 and σ12. The corrected values of σ12 are found to be~20% higher than those predicted by a Debye model. An empirical, analytically simple asymmetric distribution function is fitted to the liquid data to obtain promising agreement with the nearest neighbour structure as deduced from X-ray diffraction studies. Finally it is shown by applying the Blip-function model of liquid metals that, in principle, the large k-range spanned by EXAFS data can be used to specify the repulsive portion of the ion–ion interaction potential of liquid metals.
Approximate gravitational field equations
Authors: Rastall Peter
Published: October 2017

Two useful ways of approximating the exact gravitational field equations are described. In the first, the gravitational potential ψ is arbitrary and the spatial components of the covector field n are small; in the second, ψ is small and the spatial components of n are arbitrary. A canonical stress-momentum is defined which is often easier to use than the symmetric stress-momentum of earlier papers. Applications of the formalism to gravitational radiation, the post-Newtonian theory, and cosmology are outlined.
Cross sections for elastic collisions in cesium–gas interactions
Authors: Bernabeu E. , Alvarez J. M.
Published: October 2017

The shift and broadening constants for D1, D2 lines of Cs – noble gas and Cs – light molecular gas(H2, N2) systems are reported. The total cross section for elastic collisions is calculated from our experimental results. Some considerations are made on the mixing between 62P1/2 and 62P3/2 for these systems.
Transitions de phases à T = 0 dans les systèmes quantiques par le groupe de renormalisation dans l'espace réel
Authors: Jullien R.
Published: October 2017

The relevance of phase transition studies to the ground state of quantum systems is explained, and a real-space renormalization group method well adapted to such studies is described. The various improvements and extensions of the method are reviewed, with particular emphasis, in terms of applications, on the study of frustration in quantum systems, the study of interacting fermion systems (Hubbard model, Kondo lattice model), and the study of disordered systems.[Journal translation]
Improved GaAs metal-oxide semiconductor solar cells with a spin-on oxide layer
Authors: Sircar P. , Dat R.
Published: October 2017

A thin native oxide layer grown on GaAs is known to increase the Schottky barrier solar cell efficiency by 60% over a baseline cell, due mainly to a higher open-circuit voltage. A physically-deposited oxide layer shows better efficiency and stability. A spin-on oxide layer is found to cause a higher relative increase in efficiency due to an increase in open-circuit voltage, as well as in short-circuit current.
Absolute cross sections for D2 Lyman and Werner band excitation by controlled electron impact
Authors: Becker K. , McConkey J. W.
Published: October 2017

We have studied the Lyman [Formula: see text] and Werner [Formula: see text] band emissions produced by 20–500-eV electrons incident on molecular deuterium, D2. Emission cross sections of (3.7 ± 0.9) × 10−17 cm2 for the B → X and (3.54 ± 0.74) × 10−17 cm2 for the C → X system have been determined at 100-eV impact energy. Cascading did not play an important role in the [Formula: see text] emission, but it was shown to affect the [Formula: see text] emission seriously, particularly for impact energies below 50 eV. We estimate the cross section for direct excitation of the [Formula: see text] state and the cascade cross section to be 2.95 × 10−17 and 0.75 × 10−17 cm2, at 100 eV respectively. The cascade cross section is 20 ± 10% of the total B → X emission cross section, and is essentially constant in the energy range 300–50 eV, but increases significantly for lower impact energies, e.g., to 40 ± 15% at 27.5 eV. The cross section for the atomic 2p → 1s Lyman α emission from D2 has also been measured and the value of 1.00 × 10−17 cm2 at 100 eV is 20% smaller than the cross section for Lyman α emission from H2.
Lasing ability of dyes related to symmetry of the fluorescent state: the example of naphthalene
Authors: Rullière C.
Published: October 2017

Naphthalene, 1,4-diphenylnaphthalene, and 2-phenylnaphthalene are used as examples to show the influence of the fluorescent state symmetry on the lasing ability of dyes. As an application, laser action has been observed in 1,4-diphenylnaphthalene at 380 nm.
Pressure dependence of the thermal conductivity of solid silver chloride
Authors: Roy K. P. , Mohazzabi P. , Sharma P. C.
Published: October 2017

The pressure dependence of the thermal conductivity of solid silver chloride is calculated for the first time in the pressure range of 0.5 to 2.0 GPa, using the Callaway integral technique, without involving any parameters. The results are found to be in good agreement with the experimental values.
Strong coupling and hadron masses
Authors: Sagar R. , Verma Ramesh C.
Published: October 2017

We study the hadron mass spectrum with a decreasing strong quark–gluon coupling with an increasing mass of quark flavours. Charm hadron masses are predicted in this scheme.
Traveling waves in a parallel plate waveguide with periodic wall perturbations
Authors: Chakrabarti A. , Dowerah S.
Published: October 2017

The problem of scattering of a plane wave by two parallel half-planes with periodic wall perturbations has been considered and the existence of traveling waves inside the formed waveguide has been established. The method of solving the scattering problem involves the use of the Wiener–Hopf technique along with a suitably designed perturbation scheme. Known results follow as particular cases of the general situation considered.
Racah–Wigner approach to standardization of permutation representations for finite groups
Authors: Lulek B. , Lulek T. , Biel J. , Chatterjee R.
Published: October 2017

The problem of equivalence of permutation representations of the finite groups is discussed in terms of transforms by bijections of the carrier sets and by group automorphisms. A formal description of a transformation between equivalent representations is given, and a standard form for an arbitrary permutation representation is proposed. The standardization is achieved through the canonical realization of transitive representations and of imprimitivity sets on the left cosets of the group with respect to an appropriate stability subgroup. The purpose of this paper is to pave the way for a systematic formulation of permutation representations, analogous to the Racah algebra of angular momentum theory, which will be useful to multicentre problems of quantum mechanics and statistical physics.
Guidage d'un faisceau de particules chargées à travers une chaîne de solénoïdes cylindriques et toroïdaux alternés
Authors: Bosi Giulio , Durand Alain
Published: October 2017

The present paper is devoted to analyzing the magnetic fringe-field and space-charge effects on a beam of nonrelativistic electrons crossing a sequence of cylindrical and toroidal solenoids, as may be found in an electron cooler. The investigation is mainly aimed at searching for suitable conditions that ensure conservation of the axial symmetry of a given beam throughout the whole system. The need for a vertical steering field, in addition to the longitudinal one provided by each toroidal coil, is emphasized and its form determined. A suitable choice of the angular extent of a torus is shown to suppress axis vibrations at the entrance of the following sector. Finally, the transverse temperature of a cylindrical beam is calculated after specifying the appropriate distribution function.
Measurements of the ozone-altitude distribution with the Brewer spectrophotometer on the Stratoprobe 82 balloon flight
Authors: Kerr J. B. , Evans W. F. J.
Published: October 2017

The vertical distribution of ozone was measured with a new technique on the Stratoprobe 82 balloon flight on September 22, 1982, from Palestine, TX. This flight was part of the first National Aeronautics and Space Administration Balloon Intercom- parison Campaign (BIC1); as the Atmospheric Environment Service (AES) payload was not flown in BIC2, no similar measurements were obtained from BIC2 in June 1983. Intensity measurements of the solar spectrum at five wavelengths were made with a Brewer spectrophotometer during the ascent of the payload; this was made possible because the pointing system operates at altitudes from 2 km up to float at 42 km. The measured ozone profile compared favourably with the other BIC measurements of ozone including the AES ozonesondes.The instrument, the method of data analysis, and an extensive error analysis are described. Errors are due to photon-counting Poisson noise (< 2%), uncertainty of the ozone absorption coefficients (< 5%), residual absorption (< 0.6%), balloon-altitude error (< 3%), and uncertainty of the balloon ascent rate (0.3%). The total error combined from these sources in quadrature varies between 5 and 9% with altitude. Overall, this is demonstrated to be a very precise remote-sensing measurement method, which compares favourably with in situ techniques for ozone measurement.
The collision-induced first-overtone band of hydrogen at low temperature
Authors: McKellar A. R. W.
Published: October 2017

The collision-induced absorption spectrum of hydrogen in the region of the first overtone (8000 to 9000 cm−1) has been studied using a long path (110 m) at low temperature (28 K) and three different ortho-H2 – para-H2 ratios. An analysis of the band profiles shows that there is no evidence of an overlap-induced contribution in this region, and that the standard theory of quadrupole-induced absorption overestimates the strength of the single vibrational band (Δν = 2), relative to that of the double vibrational band (Δν = 1 + 1), by a factor of 1.34. The Birnbaum–Cohen line-shape function gives a good fit to the observed spectra, and the parameters appearing in this function are well predicted by the recent work of Borysow et al. (Astrophys. J. 296, 644(1985)).
Electron-scattering study of low-lying levels in 63,65Cu
Authors: Rangacharyulu C. , Ansaldo E. J.
Published: October 2017

Inelastic electron–scattering form factors have been measured for 63,65Cu levels below 4 MeV excitation energy for momentum transfers q < 1.2 fm−1. The data obtained, along with the results from previous work, were used to test the validity of simple weak-coupling model predictions. It was found that while the weak-coupling model is only partially successful in describing the properties of the low-lying levels in those nuclei, the properties of the 65Cu levels are well described as two valence neutrons coupled to 63Cu levels over a wide range of momentum transfers.
La physique hadronique des collisions molles
Authors: Giffon M. , Predazzi E.
Published: October 2017

We discuss some recent experimental results concerning the physics of soft hadronic collisions. We compare them with earlier results and with existing models.[Journal translation]
Les skyrmions et la théorie de Morse
Authors: Isler K. , LeTourneux J. , Paranjape M. B.
Published: October 2017

We have applied the Morse theory to the energy function of the Skyrme model, defined on the manifold of static configurations. We prove the existence of a new static solution for the classical motion equations.[Journal translation]
Spectres des particules négatives et des photons dans les collisions p–W, 16O–W et 32S–W à 200 GeV/nucléon
Authors: Beaulieu Jean-Marc
Published: October 2017

Transverse momentum spectra of negative particles and photons have been measured in p + W, 16O + W, and 32S + W collisions, at a laboratory energy of 200 GeV/nucleon. Spectra obtained with the various beams and for several intervals of transverse energy were compared. No significant variation was detected.
Élimination des hydrures métalliques des déchets gazeux d'un réacteur LP-MOVPE pour la croissance de composés (In, Ga) (As, P)
Authors: Cova P. , Masut R. A. , Lacoursière R. , Bensaada A. , Tran C. A. , Currie J. F.
Published: October 2017

We have realized a new system for treating gaseous wastes from a metallorganic vapour phase epitaxy (MOVPE) reactor used for the low pressure epitaxial growth of intrinsic and doped semiconducting crystals in the InGaAsP family. The system is based on a series of 5 successive phases of destruction: dilution, combustion pyrolysis, condensation and filtering. The design minimizes the cost remarkably and optimizes the incineration of toxic gases. After the combustion of 138 m3 of H2 and the incineration of 276 L of phosphine, we observe that the reaction chamber does not show any corrosion nor any deposit of chemical products, which are daily eliminated together with the water produced during the combustion. For the maximum phosphine concentration that has been used (7340 ppm), no phosphine concentration has been detected in the output with a detecting system having a sensitivity of 0.001 ppm. For the total fluxes entering the reaction chamber (10–25 L/min), the transit time (1s) of gas molecules does not limit the efficiency of conversion of toxic gases. This is important if one wishes to adapt this system to a MOVPE production reaction using a higher flux of phosphine.[Journal translation]
Nonperturbative enhancement of current quark masses and underlying strong-coupling dynamics in QCD
Authors: Elias Victor
Published: October 2017

A Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) effective theory is used to demonstrate how a comparison of current quark masses obtained from hadronic physics and "effective" current quark masses, defined to be the difference between constituent masses characterizing hadronic spectroscopy and the chiral-limiting dynamical quark mass, can provide insight into the strong-coupling regime of QCD. A phenomenologically reasonable enhancement of effective current quark masses relative to actual current quark masses is shown to be indicative of near-criticality of the NJL coupling constant.
Particle interpretation of the Dirac–Coulomb solutions
Authors: Guiasu Ileana , Koniuk Roman
Published: October 2017

The Dirac Hamiltonian with an external Coulomb field is considered in Fock space; it contains an even part that conserves the number of fermion–antifeimion pairs and an odd part that permits pair annihilation and creation. By successive unitary transformations the nondiagonal terms connecting subspaces with different numbers of pairs can be removed order by order in an (1/m) expansion and the effective no-pair Hamiltonian can be explicitly constructed. If all disconnected graphs are excluded the result is then identical to the result obtained by a similar procedure applied to the Dirac–Coulomb one particle problem in relativistic quantum mechanics.
Relativistic three-particle bound states in scalar quantum field theory
Authors: Leo Leo Di , Darewych Jurij W.
Published: October 2017

We derive relativistic three-particle wave equations for scalar particles [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text], interacting via a massive or massless scalar field, χ. The variational method, within the Hamiltonian formalism of quantum field theory, is used to obtain the equations using a simple [Formula: see text] Ansatz. Approximate solutions of these equations are presented for various strengths of the coupling. The magnitude of the relativistic effects in the three-particle energies and wave functions is illustrated by comparison with nonrelativistic results.
Applications of the representation of the Heisenberg–Euler Lagrangian by means of special functions
Authors: Valluri S. R. , Lamm D. R. , Mielniczuk W. J.
Published: October 2017

A convenient series representation for the real part of the Heisenberg–Euler Lagrangian density of quantum electrodynamics for arbitrary nonvanishing electric fields, E, and magnetic fields, B, has been previously provided by Mielniczuk. Using this representation, numerical information for the Lagrangian is presented for the range [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] (subscript cr stands for critical) with the electric and magnetic fields parallel and Ecr ≈ 1.7 × 1016 V cm−1 and Bcr ≈ 4.4 × 1013 G. It was found that for a fixed electric field, the Lagrangian is monotonically increasing with increasing magnetic field strength. However, for a fixed magnetic field, the Lagrangian exhibits a positively valued maximum before turning monotonically decreasing with increasing electric field strength. Further, the series representation is extended to the case of vanishing electric or magnetic field. Numerical results for these special cases are in very close agreement with previous results, which indicated a maximum value for the Lagrangian density for B = 0 at E/Ecr ≈ 3. Also, the techniques developed for deriving the real part of the Heisenberg–Euler Lagrangian are applied to the imaginary part to deduce a similar, convenient series representation that agrees with the previous results derived by others for the special case of a vanishing magnetic field. Possible applications of this Lagrangian to quantum chromodynamics are discussed. This series representation will be of use in calculations of a quantum-electrodynamical field energy density in the absence of real charges, and for calculations of polarization and magnetization of the vacuum. More accurate calculations of the cross-section scattering of light by light in the presence of a constant, homogeneous magnetic and (or) electric field are possible with the aid of this series representation.
A BOXCARS investigation of the interspecies V-V energy transfer from highly excited SF6 to N2O: excitation of ν1 and ν3 modes of N2O
Authors: Xu J. R. , Wang L. , Jones W. E.
Published: October 2017

The BOXCARS technique has been used to investigate the vibrational energy transfer between highly excited SF6 and N2O. It was found that the apparent rate and the amount of energy transferred to the ν1 (1285.0 cm−1) and ν3 (2223.5 cm−1) modes of N2O strongly depend on the excitation energy. The amount of energy transferred to the ν1 mode is slightly larger than that transferred to the ν3 mode, while the rate of energy transfer to the ν1 mode is slightly less than that to the ν3 mode. The rates and the amounts of energy transferred to both the ν1 and ν3 modes show greater dependence on the partial pressure of SF6 than on the partial pressure of N2O. A model has been proposed to explain the observed results.
Effect in melt of convection motion induced by density change on dendritic solidification
Authors: Xu Jian-Jun
Published: October 2017

An investigation was made of the effect of fluid motion, induced by the change of density during solidification, on the pattern formation of dendritic structure. The results obtained show that the global trapped wave (GTW) instability mechanism, which we previously discovered for dendritic solidification from a pure substance with no density change, still applies for the present system. The effect of density-change on the GTW modes and corresponding eigenvalues is evaluated. The dependence of the selected tip velocity on the relative density change in the solid and liquid phase is derived.
3H-2-glucose as tracer in turnover studies
Authors: Hetenyi Jr. G. , Mak D.
Published: October 2017

In rats the reported difference between the slopes of the specific activities of plasma glucose following i.v. injection of either 3H-2-glucose or 14C-1-glucose is abolished by evisceration and nephrectomy. This proves that the difference observed in normal rats is due to the reincorporation of 14C atoms into newly released glucose and not to a non-metabolic tritium–proton exchange in plasma glucose.
Distribution of Cardiac Output and Organ Blood Content in Anemic and Polycythemic Rats
Authors: Rakusan K. , Rajhathy J.
Published: October 2017

Organ blood content, tissue hematocrit, and regional distribution of cardiac output were measured in anemic and polycythemic rats. An increase in the blood content was found in the gastrocnemius muscle of anemic animals, together with a decrease in the blood content of the spleen. In polycythemic rats, increases in the blood content of the liver and of the kidney were detected. The blood content of the terminal vessels in the heart muscle yields a good estimate of the capillary density as demonstrated by a comparison with direct histological measurements. Variations in tissue hematocrit in the heart and gastrocnemius muscle were similar to those in venous blood whereas in other organs variations were greater than those in venous blood. Distribution of the cardiac output was changed in both experimental states; the greatest variation was found in the renal fraction (lower in anemic and higher in polycythemic rats). Finally, a possibility for comparing the relative blood flow in animals of different body weights was discussed and a new index was proposed as: percentage of tissue rubidium uptake/percentage of body weight.
Conditions to extend the Ricci flow coupled with harmonic map flow
Authors: Sun Jun
Published: October 2017

In this paper, we provide some integral conditions to extend the Ricci flow coupled with harmonic map flow. Our results generalize the corresponding results for Ricci flow obtained by Wang [On the conditions to extend Ricci flow, Int. Math. Res. Not. 8 (2008), Articles: rnn012, 30 pp].
On Radon transforms between lines and hyperplanes
Authors: Rubin Boris , Wang Yingzhan
Published: October 2017

We obtain new inversion formulas for the Radon transform and its dual between lines and hyperplanes in [Formula: see text]. The Radon transform in this setting is non-injective and the consideration is restricted to the so-called quasi-radial functions that are constant on symmetric clusters of lines. For the corresponding dual transform, which is injective, explicit inversion formulas are obtained both in the symmetric case and in full generality. The main tools are the Funk transform on the sphere, the Radon-John [Formula: see text]-plane transform in [Formula: see text], the Grassmannian modification of the Kelvin transform, and the Erdélyi–Kober fractional integrals.
CHINA’S DEBT CHALLENGE: STYLIZED FACTS, DRIVERS AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS
Authors: MA GUONAN , LAURENCESON JAMES
Published: October 2017

This paper begins by showing that even after conditioning for factors that might justifiably lead to a country having relatively high leverage, China remains a debt outlier. In this sense, China can be regarded as over-leveraged and its debt levels may present potential risks to growth and financial stability. The corporate sector is central to China’s debt story, accounting for two-thirds of the total. Moreover, the corporate sector has been mostly responsible for China’s leverage cycles, including the leveraging up since 2008 and an earlier deleveraging phase starting in 2003. Two major but under-appreciated drivers of Chinese corporate leverage cycles are then identified. The most important is the share of internally funded corporate capital expenditure, which is a combined consequence of evolving corporate earnings and capital expenditure. The second is the rising importance of real estate and construction firms as holders of corporate debt. China’s corporate leverage landscape is also shown to be more complex than a story of zombie state-owned enterprises in industrial segments with excess capacity being ever-greened with loans from state banks. A balanced mix of policy responses will be needed to manage a warranted and orderly deleveraging cycle in the years ahead.
Affinely spanned quasi-stochastic algebraic monoids
Authors: Huang W. , Li J.
Published: October 2017

A linear algebraic monoid over an algebraically closed field [Formula: see text] of characteristic zero is called (row) quasi-stochastic if each row of each matrix element is of sum one. Any linear algebraic monoid over [Formula: see text] can be embedded as an algebraic submonoid of the maximum affinely spanned quasi-stochastic monoid of some degree [Formula: see text]. The affinely spanned quasi-stochastic algebraic monoids form a basic class of quasi-stochastic algebraic monoids. An initial study of structure of affinely spanned quasi-stochastic algebraic monoids is conducted. Among other things, it is proved that the Zariski closure of a parabolic subgroup of the unit group of an affinely spanned quasi-stochastic algebraic monoid is affinely spanned.
On the global solvability of the coupled kinetic-fluid system for flocking with large initial data
Authors: Ha Seung-Yeal , Huang Bingkang , Xiao Qinghua , Zhang Xiongtao
Published: October 2017

We study the dynamics of infinitely many Cucker–Smale (CS) flocking particles under the interplay of random communication and compressible fluids in planar wave case. For the dynamics of an ensemble of flocking particles, we use the kinetic Cucker–Smale–Fokker–Planck (CS–FP) equation with a degenerate diffusion, whereas for the fluid component, we use the compressible Navier–Stokes (NS) equations. These two subsystems are coupled via the drag force. For this coupled model, we present a global existence of classical solutions for arbitrarily large initial data which may contain vacuum.
Multi-Objective Optimization in Multi-Attribute and Multi-Unit Combinatorial Reverse Auctions
Authors: Shil Shubhashis Kumar , Sadaoui Samira
Published: October 2017

This study introduces an advanced Combinatorial Reverse Auction (CRA), multi-units, multiattributes and multi-objective, which is subject to buyer and seller trading constraints. Conflicting objectives may occur since the buyer can maximize some attributes and minimize some others. To address the Winner Determination (WD) problem for this type of CRAs, we propose an optimization approach based on genetic algorithms that we integrate with our variants of diversity and elitism strategies to improve the solution quality. Moreover, by maximizing the buyer’s revenue, our approach is able to return the best solution for our complex WD problem. We conduct a case study as well as simulated testing to illustrate the importance of the diversity and elitism schemes. We also validate the proposed WD method through simulated experiments by generating large instances of our CRA problem. The experimental results demonstrate on one hand the performance of our WD method in terms of several quality measures, like solution quality, run-time complexity and trade-off between convergence and diversity, and on the other hand, it’s significant superiority to well-known heuristic and exact WD techniques that have been implemented for much simpler CRAs.
Exploiting User-Generated Content to Enrich Web Document Summarization
Authors: Nguyen Minh-Tien , Tran Duc-Vu , Tran Chien-Xuan , Nguyen Minh-Le
Published: October 2017

User-generated content such as comments or tweets (also called by social information) following a Web document provides additional information for enriching the content of an event mentioned in sentences. This paper presents a framework named SoSVMRank, which integrates the user-generated content of a Web document to generate a highquality summarization. In order to do that, the summarization was formulated as a learning to rank task, in which comments or tweets are exploited to support sentences in a mutual reinforcement fashion. To model sentence-comment (or tweet) relation, a set of local and social features are proposed. After ranking, top m ranked sentences and comments (or tweets) are selected as the summarization. To validate the efficiency of our framework, sentence and story highlight extraction tasks were taken as a case study on three datasets in two languages, English and Vietnamese. Experimental results indicate that: (i) our new features improve the summary performance of the framework in term of ROUGE-scores compared to state-of-the-art baselines and (ii) the integration of user-generated content benefits single-document summarization.