bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
$\Gamma$-Stability of maximal monotone processes
Authors: Visintin Augusto
Published: February 2022

The flow of noncyclic maximal monotone operators is formulated variationally as
null-minimization
problems, via results of Brezis, Ekeland, Nayroles and Fitzpatrick. By means of De Giorgi’s theory of

\Gamma

-convergence, the compactness and the stability of these flows are derived under nonparametric perturbations of the operator. These results are here reviewed, and are applied to quasilinear equations arising in electromagnetism.
Algebraic representation of dual scalar products and stabilization of saddle point problems
Authors: Bertoluzza Silvia
Published: February 2022

We provide a systematic way to design computable bilinear forms which, on the class of subspaces

W \subseteq \mathcal{V}'

that can be obtained by duality from a given finite dimensional subspace

W

of an Hilbert space

\mathcal{V}

, are spectrally equivalent to the scalar product of

\mathcal{V}'

. In the spirit of Baiocchi–Brezzi (1993) and Bertoluzza (1998), such bilinear forms can be used to build a stabilized discretization algorithm for the solution of an abstract saddle point problem allowing to decouple, in the choice of the discretization spaces, the requirements related to the approximation from the ones related to the inf-sup compatibility condition, which, however, can not be completely avoided.
Carleson estimates for the singular parabolic $p$-Laplacian in time-dependent domains
Authors: Gianazza Ugo
Published: February 2022

We deal with the parabolic

p

-Laplacian in the so-called singular super-critical range

\frac{2N}{N+1}<p<2

, and we prove Carleson estimates for non-negative solutions in suitable non-cylindrical domains

\Omega \subset\mathbb{R}^{N+1}

. The sets

\Omega

satisfy a proper NTA condition, tailored on the parabolic

p

-Laplacian. As an intermediate step, we show that in these domains non-negative solutions which vanish at the boundary, are Hölder continuous up to the same boundary.
Elastic-brittle reinforcement of flexural structures
Authors: Maddalena Francesco , Percivale Danilo , Tomarelli Franco
Published: February 2022

This note provides a variational description of the mechanical effects of flexural stiffening of a 2D plate glued to an elastic-brittle or an elastic-plastic reinforcement. The reinforcement is assumed to be linear elastic outside possible free plastic yield lines or free crack. Explicit Euler equations and a compliance identity are shown for the reinforcement of a 1D beam.
Weak topology and Opial property in Wasserstein spaces, with applications to gradient flows and proximal point algorithms of geodesically convex functionals
Authors: Naldi Emanuele , Savaré Giuseppe
Published: February 2022

In this paper we discuss how to define an appropriate notion of
weak topology
in the Wasserstein space

(\mathcal{P}_2(\mathsf{H}),W_2)

of Borel probability measures with finite quadratic moment on a separable Hilbert space

\mathsf{H}

.

We will show that such a topology inherits many features of the usual weak topology in Hilbert spaces, in particular the weak closedness of geodesically convex closed sets and the Opial property characterising weakly convergent sequences.

We apply this notion to the approximation of fixed points for a non-expansive map in a weakly closed subset of

\mathcal{P}_2(\mathsf{H})

and of minimizers of a lower semicontinuous and geodesically convex functional

\phi:\mathcal{P}_2(\mathsf{H})\to(-\infty,+\infty]

attaining its minimum. In particular, we will show that every solution to the Wasserstein gradient flow of

\phi

weakly converge to a minimizer of

\phi

as the time goes to

+\infty

. Similarly, if

\phi

is also convex along generalized geodesics, every sequence generated by the proximal point algorithm converges to a minimizer of

\phi

with respect to the weak topology of

\mathcal{P}_2(\mathsf{H})

.
Closed selections of Vitali’s type
Authors: Mirmina Jeremy , Puglisi Daniele
Published: February 2022

Assume that

G

is a group acting on a Polish space. Given a subgroup

H

of

G

, by a closed

H

-selection we mean a closed selection on each orbit of

H

. We investigate measurability properties of closed

H

-selections with respect to

G

-invariant measures, extending some classical result.
Equilibria of static systems
Authors: Tulczyjew Włodzimierz M.
Published: February 2022

A conceptual framework for variational formulations of physical theories is proposed. Such a framework is displayed here just for statics, but it is designed to be subsequently adapted to variational formulations of static field theories and dynamics.
Non-homogeneous Dirichlet problems with concave-convex reaction
Authors: Bonanno Gabriele , Livrea Roberto , Rădulescu Vicenţiu D.
Published: February 2022

The variational methods are adopted for establishing the existence of at least two nontrivial solutions for a Dirichlet problem driven by a non-homogeneous differential operator of

p

-Laplacian type. A large class of nonlinear terms is considered, covering the concave-convex case. In particular, two positive solutions to the problem are obtained under a

(p - 1)

-superlinear growth at infinity, provided that a behaviour less than

(p - 1)

-linear of the nonlinear term in a suitable set is requested.
Optimization and physicochemical studies of alumina supported samarium oxide based catalysts using artificial neural network in methanation reaction
Authors: Rosid Salmiah Jamal Mat , Azid Azman , Ahmad Aisyah Fathiah , Zulkurnain Nursyamimi , Toemen Susilawati , Bakar Wan Azelee Wan Abu , Halim Ahmad Zamani Ab , Mokhtar Wan Nur Aini Wan , Rosid Sarina Mat
Published: February 2022

Developed countries are increasing their demand for natural gas as it is an industrial requirement for fuel transportation. Most of modern society relies heavily on vehicles. However, the presence of CO2 gas has led to the categorization of sour natural gas which reduces the quality and price of natural gas. Therefore, the catalytic methanation technique was applied to convert carbon dioxide (CO2) to methane (CH4) gas and reduce the emissions of CO2 within the environment. In this study, samarium oxide supported on alumina doped with ruthenium and manganese was synthesized via wet impregnation. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed samarium oxide, Sm2O3 and manganese oxide, MnO2 as an active species. The reduction temperature for active species was at a low reaction temperature, 268.2oC with medium basicity site as in Temperature Programme Reduction (TPR) and Temperature Programme Desorption (TPD) analyses. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) analysis showed an agglomeration of particle size. The characterised potential catalyst of Ru/Mn/Sm (5:35:60)/Al2O3 (RMS 5:35:60) calcined at 1,000oC revealed 100% conversion of CO2 with 68.87% CH4 formation at the reaction temperature of 400oC. These results were verified by artificial neural network (ANN) with validation R2 of 0.99 indicating all modelling data are acceptable.
Política Nacional do Livro Didático e o Ensino de Geografia: um olhar sobre a formação cidadã
Authors: Copatti Carina , Pinto dos Santos Leonardo
Published: February 2022

No presente artigo tem-se como objetivo propor reflexões no sentido de identificar de que forma os livros didáticos, no contexto atual, a partir das dinâmicas do Programa Nacional do Livro e do Material Didático (PNLD), tem contribuído ao ensino de Geografia no sentido da formação para a cidadania. Para tanto, alguns aspectos dos editais mais recentes do Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD 2020, PNLD 2021, PNLD 2023) são analisados afim de perceber quais considerações abarcam a perspectiva da cidadania e que possam contribuir ao ensino escolar de Geografia. Além disso, alguns aspectos referentes ao conteúdo, aspectos metodológicos, qualidade gráfica, de atividades e textos complementares são consideradas, pois compreende-se que são essenciais no processo educativo e para o processo de formação para a cidadania.
Empresas transnacionales como sujetos de derecho internacional
Authors: Paz Trullo Victoria Eugenia , Paz Trullo Lucy Esmeralda
Published: February 2022

Los países en vía de desarrollo tienen la imperativa necesidad de canalizar la inversión extranjera para viabilizar su crecimiento económico, en este escenario, la empresa transnacional representa un importante rol en la canalización de las innovaciones tecnológicas, importación de capital y suplir la demanda del mercado interno de los estados. Este panorama nos propone una reflexión crítica sobre si debe o no considerarse a la empresa transnacional como un sujeto de derecho internacional. Esta reflexión se efectuará partiendo de una contextualización del derecho internacional y el rol de la empresa transnacional. Para ello, se realizará una breve delimitación conceptual de cada uno de los elementos propuestos desde diversos aportes doctrinales y decisiones judiciales estableciendo la relación entre los mismos, sus convergencias y divergencias. Seguidamente se analizará el papel de la empresa transnacional y sus elementos característico y se analizará si las empresas transnacionales son sujetos de derecho internacional.
Estudio Retrospectivo de los Derechos Humanos en México
Authors: Vega Gastelum Alba Yareli , Barreras Aldama Dalia Sugey , Yocupicio Solís Brenda Eloísa
Published: February 2022

Se destacan las modificaciones constitucionales que se han realizado en México en materia de derechos humanos, estas reformas han trastocado de manera muy importante todo nuestro sistema jurídico, ya que no sólo se adoptan conceptos sobre derechos humanos sino también se modifica la precepción y actuar del estado, ya que se obliga a tutelar la protección de los derechos de las personas por ser el centro rector de la nación. Cuyo objetivo del presente trabajo de investigación se plantea el realizar una descripción y análisis de la evolución de la concepción de los derechos humanos en la legislación mexicana y los tratados internacionales que han dado forma a la concepción actual. Usando como metodología la dogmática jurídica y como técnicas son: un estudio de tipo descriptivo y analítico, para la cual se recurre a las técnicas de investigación documental con fuentes doctrinarias: normativas y jurisprudenciales. Como conclusiones: el tema de los derechos humanos se ha hecho de interés general, convirtiéndose en objeto de análisis y debate cotidiano en todos los involucrados en tratamiento, conocimiento, debate y la protección de los mismos.
La pena de muerte en México
Authors: Cárdenas Barreras Sergio Alexis , Corral Rosas Sarahy Guadalupe , Cabrera Rivera Juan Carlos
Published: February 2022

La pena de muerte o pena capital ha existido a la par con la humanidad como castigo a quienes cometen violaciones a las leyes impuestas. El primer delito que se castigó con pena de muerte fue el de perduellio, por traición a la patria, más adelante se implementó para otros delitos como; el homicidio, delitos sexuales, delitos del orden político, así como militar, lo mismo para delitos del fuero común y federal. Las formas de ejecución de la pena eran variadas de acuerdo a los usos y costumbres de los diferentes sitios donde se realizaba. La pena de muerte inicialmente fue concebida como una aflicción retributiva originada por la comisión de un delito apareciendo así en las leyes antiguas. En la actualidad existe una amplia polémica a la pena de muerte, el punto clave de esta controversia radica en la posición de que, la pena de muerte es irreparable y la privación de la vida es un hecho que por su propia naturaleza es irremediable y se debe de admitir la posibilidad de un error judicial en el procedimiento, y la idea principal de aplicar sanciones es cambiar la actitud del individuo para reinsertarlo en la sociedad y pueda desarrollarse plenamente.
LA COMPLEJIDAD DEL DEBIDO PROCESO COMO DERECHO FUNDAMENTAL Y COMO GARANTÍA PROCESAL
Authors: Islas Rodríguez Alfredo , Camargo Pacheco María de Jesús
Published: February 2022

El debido proceso es un derecho fundamental, subjetivo y público que contiene a su vez un conjunto de garantías procesales, su cumplimiento garantiza la eficacia del derecho a la tutela jurisdiccional efectiva. Actualmente el debido proceso es considerado como uno de los principales logros del ciudadano, por medio de esta conquista las personas estamos en posibilidad, de exigir de las autoridades el respeto a nuestros derechos fundamentales. En la doctrina jurídica existe una polémica respecto de si el debido proceso legal es un derecho fundamental o una garantía, en este artículo se analizan las opiniones doctrinales que prevalecen al respecto, con el objeto de determinar su contenido y alcance, para lo cual, exponemos los conceptos del debido proceso, derecho fundamental y garantía. En la presente investigación se prefirió utilizar los referentes conceptuales de la teoría jurídica contemporánea, específicamente del garantismo y neoconstitucionalismo.
Especificacio?n de un modelo de cogestio?n de los servicios hi?dricos
Authors: Rivera Varela Bertha Leticia , García Lirios Cruz , Carreón Guillén Javier
Published: February 2022

En el marco de las políticas del cambio climático y la gobernanza de los recursos naturales, el objetivo del presente trabajo es especificar un modelo para el estudio de la cogestión de los servicios hídricos a fin de poder anticipar escenarios de escasez y desabastecimiento local. Se llevó a cabo un estudio documental con una selección de fuentes indexadas a repositorios líderes de América Latina como Dialnet, Latindex y Redalyc, así como su registro ISSN y DOI en el periodo que va de 1996 a 2107 y considerando las palabras clave. Se advierte la importancia de considerar trayectorias de relaciones de dependencia entre las variables revisadas en el estado del conocimiento.
PERAN DOKTER KECIL DALAM PENANGANAN KEDARURATAN TRAUMA DENTAL DENGAN METODE SIMULASI
Authors: Riami Annisa Indita , Wahyuni Sri , Aulia Bertha
Published: February 2022

Data statistik dunia menunjukkan prevalensi trauma dental pada anak di berbagai Negara sebesar 25%. Dari kasus yang terjadi 97,55% tidakdirawat dan menyebabkan kecacatan. Lokasi terjadinya trauma dental kedua tertinggi adalah sekolah (41%). Dokter kecil sebagai kader kesehatan sekolah diharapkan dapat melakukan prosedur penanganan kedaruratan trauma dental sebelum dilakukan oleh tenaga medis profesional, sehingga diperlukan intervensi pendidikan dengan metode yang tepat. Untuk mengetahui peran dokter kecil dalam penanganan kedaruratan trauma dental dengan metode simulasi. Subjek penelitian adalah 60 dokter kecil yang dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok; 30 dokter kecil kelompok metode simulasi, dan 30 dokter kecil kelompok metode demonstrasi. Pengetahuan penanganan kedaruratan trauma dental sebelum dan setelah perlakuan masing-masing kelompok diukur menggunakan kuesioner berjumlah 17 soal. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah uji T berpasangan. Metode simulasi meningkatkan rata-rata pengetahuan dokter kecil sebesar 55,6%, sedangkan kelompok metode demonstrasi sebesar 44,6%. Hasil uji T berpasangan pada perbandingan metode simulasi dan demonstrasi didapat kan nilai p=0,031 (p value<0,05). Pendidikan penanganan kedaruratan trauma dental dengan metode simulasi lebih efektif dibandingkan metode demonstrasi dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan dokter kecil.
State and Features of Socio-economic Modernization of the Republic of Belarus
Authors: Bogdanovich I.
Published: February 2022

Today the issues and problems of socio-economic development of the Republic of Belarus, its modernization, the use of tools for implementing theoretical, methodological and practical aspects of the national economy development, macroeconomic regulation in the country in the context of performing tasks of a socio-economic nature, institutional mechanisms for ensuring sustainable economic growth of Belarus remain extremely relevant and contain considerable potential for further scientific research.

Over the 30 years of its independence, the Republic of Belarus has experienced a decline in the 90s of the twentieth century, caused by the severance of socio-economic ties with other components of the unified state before, as well as a number of crises that had a political basis of external and internal nature. Based on this, the need for modernization of the country became more acute for the legislative and executive authorities. The agenda includes improving the macroeconomic situation in the Republic of Belarus in the context of fulfilling the tasks of socio-economic development. Institutional mechanisms to ensure sustainable economic growth continue to require change and development.

A program-based approach to socio-economic modernization is recognized as one of the main elements for solving the set of tasks in the Republic of Belarus. Given the importance and determining role of the manufacturing sector in the formation of the country’s GDP and the role of economic balance, the need for state support for production and infrastructure facilities that can serve as the basis for rapid economic recovery is proved.

Based on the conducted research, there is drawn attention to potential risks for the national economy and directions for their neutralization, certain aspects of the country’s external partnership, are considered, as well as demographic development of the state in the context of its impact on the development of Belarus in the future. There are noted positive and negative aspects of the development of the modern Belarusian State.
Avrupa Birliği Ülkelerinin Sağlık Sistemlerinde Kamu Özel Ortaklığı Uygulamaları
Authors: ALAY Dilek
Published: February 2022

Devletlerin uygulamış olduğu siyasi ve ekonomik politikalardaki değişimler, devletlerin iş yapma modellerini farklılaştırmıştır. Bu bağlamda günümüzde tartışılan modellerden birisi, kamu özel ortaklığıdır. Kamu özel ortaklığı modeli, öncelikli olarak hizmete odaklanan projelerin tasarımı, yapımı, işletimi ve finansmanıyla ilgili olarak belirli proje risklerinin özel ortağa aktarılmasına dayalı uzun vadeli sözleşmeleri ön plana çıkarmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Avrupa Birliği ülkelerinin kamu özel ortaklıkları uygulamalarının sektörel dağılımlarını ve sağlık sistemlerindeki uygulamaları betimlemek ve bu modelin sağlık sektöründeki rolünün önemini tartışmaktır. Çalışmanın yöntemi, sistematik analizdir. Bu doğrultuda başlıca Avrupa Birliği ülkelerinin 1959-2020 yılları arasında Avrupa Yatırım Bankası’na bağlı Avrupa Kamu-Özel Ortaklığı Uzmanlık Merkezi (European PPP Expertise Centre – EPEC) tarafından finanse edilen projelerinin verileri incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda, bu ülkelerin siyasi yapılanması, çağa uyum sağlama, ekonomik nedenler, küreselleşme gibi unsurların etkisiyle sağlık hizmetlerinde kamu özel ortaklığı uygulamalarının gittikçe daha çok önem kazandığı görülmüştür.
Institutional Arrangements in Mangrove Rehabilitation Management of Palaui Island Protected Landscape and Seascape (PIPLS), Sta. Ana, Cagayan, Philippines
Authors:   University of the Philippines Los Banos, Calicdan Melanie , Rebancos Carmelita , Baguinon Nestor
Published: February 2022

Sound and effective mangrove management can be achieved when the institutional stakeholders are well organized under a balanced arrangement. This paper aimed to present the case of Protected Area Management Board (PAMB) of Palaui Island Protected Landscape and Seascape (PIPLS) in terms of stakeholder’s role, interaction, and efforts to address problems and issues on mangrove management. Key informant interviews (KII’s) in 14 institutions using a structured questionnaire were employed. The responses were validated in the field through community interview using unstructured questions. Stakeholder analysis was used to analyze the result of the interview. The interaction is only apparent among some stakeholders as far as mangrove management is concerned. Strong interaction was observed among some stakeholders while others have weak or no interaction. Stakeholders with weak interaction are those who do not have the jurisdiction on the resource while those with no interaction are stakeholders with no defined roles on mangrove management. Strong interaction was observed among stakeholders whose mandate is in line with the protection of the resource and has clear roles. Problems on the enforcement (i.e. lack of manpower and resources, inaccessibility of the administering authority, and overlapping institutional roles) still persist but coordination, consultation, and collaboration are being exercised by PAMB members to prevent further confusion and successfully manage the resource. However, the weak implementation of laws due to humanitarian reasons may hamper the effectiveness of enforcement which eventually affects the successful and sound management of mangroves. Therefore, these problems should be immediately addressed. The functions of the members were only stated during the survey and interview and these shall still be subjected to further analysis to come up with a more organized and systematic development of mangrove management in PIPLS
Screening and Identification of Plants at a Petroleum Contaminated Site in Malaysia For Phytoremediation
Authors:   Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Idris Mushrifah , Abdullah Siti Rozaimah Sheikh , Titah Harmin Sulistiyaning , Latif Mohd  Talib , Abasa Abdul Rahman , Husin Ahmad Khairi , Hanima Raja Farzarul , Ayub Rozita
Published: February 2022

There is lack of sufficient data that describe which plants can be used in phytoremediation for petroleum and heavy metal contaminated sites, especially in the tropical climate region. The aim of the study was to identify native plants growing on a petroleum contaminated site in Malacca, Malaysia, which have a phytoremediation potential on petroleum. The second aim was to identify native plants at the same contaminated site for phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminants or hyper accumulation plants. In the initial screening of contaminated sites, some of the native plants were found to have the capability to grow in very high concentration of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH). This indicates that some of these plants have high potential to act as a phytoremediator. Paspalum vaginatum Sw, Paspalum scrobiculatum L. varbispicatum Hack, Eragrostis atrovirens (Desf.) Trin. exSteud, Cayratia trifolia (L.) Domin, Chloris barbata (L.) Sw, Pycreus polystachyos (Rottb.) Beauv and Ischaemum timorense Kunth were found to be potential phytoremediatory of TPH in contaminated soil. These plants were chosen based on thier high rate of survival in contaminated sites and in terms of uptake or in degrading contaminants. The Biological Accumulation Coefficient (BAC) has been used as a guideline to choose potential plants for heavy metal phytoremediation. In the study, the plants were screened based on BAC values for arsenic (As) and lead (Pb). The selected plants, Melochia corchorifolia L., Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) P. H. Raven, P. vaginatum, Cyperus sphacelatus Rottb., are potential as phytoremediators while L. octovalvis and Melastoma malabathricum L. are potential Pb phytoremediators.
Cultural Beliefs, Practices and Productivity of the Fishery Resource in the Island Municipality of Capul, Northern Samar, Philippines
Authors:   University of Eastern Philippines, Cabili Tito , Cuevas Virginia
Published: February 2022

Capul is a small island municipality of Northern Samar situated along the swift flowing San Bernardino Strait. Typhoons often pass through the island especially during the Northeast monsoon season. The inhabitants’ livelihood relies mainly on fishing combined with farming. Unstructured focused interview of the elders of the island on their different cultural beliefs and practices related to fishing was conducted. Fish catch was measured in one lunar month each during summer and typhoon seasons. Catch per unit effort (CPUE) was determined for each major type of fishing method. Multiple correlation analysis was used to determine the factors affecting fish productivity. The islanders still have strong beliefs and respect for deities and fairies supposed to be residing on specific areas of the island. These sacred places remain undisturbed and may have become fish sanctuaries. The inhabitants modified traditional fishing methods to suit their economic needs and condition. People’s initiatives and peer pressure have diminished the use of illegal fishing methods in the island such as compressor, dynamite and poisonous plants. The fishery yield was high in comparison with that of other fishery resources of the country. The CPUE for fish net and hook and line methods were high. The inhabitants’ cultural beliefs and practices may have led to the conservation of their fishery resource which gave the high yield. There are indications that the yield is sustainable.
Hydrologic Impact Evaluation of Land Use and Land Cover Change in Palico Watershed, Batangas, Philippines Using the SWAT Model
Authors:   Batangas State University, Briones Romel , Ella Victor , Bantayan Nathaniel
Published: February 2022

Information on the relationship between hydrologic response and land use and land cover change (LULC) is vital for proper management of water resources and land use planning. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of LULC on the hydrologic characteristics of Palico watershed in Batangas, Philippines using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. Model inputs used were the 1989 and 2013 LULC maps and climatological and hydrologic data. Good agreement was obtained between simulated and observed streamflow values during model calibration (NSE=0.84 & R2=0.86), and validation (NSE=0.61 & R2=0.68). For the entire watershed, reduction in forest cover and rangeland resulted to an increase in surface runoff and decreases in baseflow or dry season flow and groundwater recharge. LULC changes affected the water quantity and timing of occurrence. Subbasin with 22% increase in forest cover and rangeland increased the baseflow by 1% to 15% and reduced the streamflow by 1% to 17% during the rainy months. Another subbasin with 54% forest loss resulted to more pronounced rainfall-runoff response with 11% to 17% decrease in baseflow and 4% to 24% increase in streamflow during rainy months. Finding the balance between these two opposite LULC change scenarios is crucial for the attainment of water security and sustainability in the watershed and in the areas it serves.
A Ridge-to-Reef Ecosystem-Based Valuation Approach to Biodiversity Conservation in Layawan Watershed, Misamis Occidental, Philippines
Authors:   University of the Philippines Los Banos, Ureta Julie Carl , Lasco Rodel , Sajise Asa Jose , Calderon Margaret
Published: February 2022

Ecosystem services commonly valued by the society usually pertains to marketable ecosystem services while non-marketable ecosystem services, such as biodiversity, are usually left unaccounted for, making it less priority and beset with problems such as insufficient funding for conservation activities. Low appreciation on the economic value of these ecosystem services has led to overutilization, causing negative impacts to the environment. This study aimed to estimate the value of a non-marketable ecosystem service, biodiversity, through household’s willingness to pay for its conservation activity in Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP) Layawan Watershed. Similarly, a comparison between a “holistic” and “habitat-exclusive” management approaches was done to determine the best management strategy for implementing a sustainable financing mechanism. An average willingness to pay for R2R biodiversity conservation of PhP 43.58 (USD 0.90) per household per month for five years as compared to PhP 33.02 (USD 0.68) per month from an exclusive Upland ecosystem conservation approach and PhP 30.39 (USD 0.62) per month from an exclusive Coastal ecosystem conservation approach. Therefore, a Ridge-to-Reef approach on biodiversity conservation showed significantly higher willingness to pay from households as compared to habitat-based approach. The R2R approach could eventually generate PhP 7.5 M annually.
Mangrove Palms: Sustainable Feed Source for Swine
Authors:   Next Generation Consultancy, Cano Jim Leandro , Trivino Rheynalyn , Jamieson Craig
Published: February 2022

Approximately 15% of global greenhouse gas emissions are from land use change, most of which is for deforestation to make way for agriculture. Around 75% of agricultural land is used for feeding animals rather than humans directly. One solution is to cultivate trees and perennials for livestock feed. Mangrove palms (Nypa fruticans), endemic in the Philippines and most of Southeast Asia, have the potential to be a game-changer in the swine industry. Their calorific yield per hectare is 400% higher than that of maize – the common energy source in swine. Tapping the sugar- rich sap of the palm and feeding it to pigs is an ancient practice that has been overlooked by researchers in the past in favor of industrial field crops. This paper outlines priority areas for research to help redress that imbalance and realize the full potential of the ‘climate-smart’ nipa palm.
Comparison of Indigenous and Scientific Knowledge on Soil Classification Among Farmers in Imugan, Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines
Authors:   Apayao State College, Martin Hannie , Santos Elisa
Published: February 2022

This study was conducted to verify the application of indigenous knowledge of Imugan farmers in soil classification in the Imugan watershed of Sta Fe, Nueva Vizcaya. The results were further compared with the scientific knowledge on soil classification. Drawing out the indigenous knowledge was made through the use of participatory rural appraisal techniques such as focus group discussions, key informant interview, and transect walk. Field observation was also done. On the other hand, scientific knowledge included soil profiling, characterization and soil laboratory analysis. Criteria used by Imugan Farmers in soil classification are their experiences supported by their ability to observe attributes of soil resource. This is their way to identify the best use, and appropriate management practices of the soil resource. Scientific soil classification system is a thorough process of soil characterizations that investigates not only the surface soil’s properties, its genesis and chemical properties but also subsoil’s characteristics. This expensive and rigorous procedure is intended to aid decision making on the land‘s best use and crop choice. The two systems of soil classification- knowledge that is tested through time combined with knowledge formed from scientific analysis- may have differences, but combining them together in the framework of soil classification will benefit Imugan farmers. The combined system of soil classification provide detail information about nutrient deficiency and attributes of each soil type, the variety of crops suitable for each soil based on farmers’ preference and appropriate inputs in raising crops that are less or not suitable in a given soil.
Who Wants to Adopt Sustainable Charcoal Production?: Determinants and Willingness to Adopt Sustainable Practices Among Small-scale Producers in Quezon Province, Philippines
Authors:   University of the Philippines Los Banos, Espaldon Marya Laya , Sumalde Zenaida , Rebancos Carmelta , Alcantara Antonio
Published: February 2022

Charcoal and wood fuel supply energy needs in both urban and rural communities in the world. In the Philippines, charcoal is used in both commercial and residential in the provinces of Southern Tagalog the National Capital Region (NCR). However, charcoal-making is also one of the main threats to the natural resources and environment in the Philippines. Thus, there is a need to develop a sustainable charcoal production process that could meet the demand without decreasing forest and tree cover. This paper describ present charcoal production practices of households and their willingness to adopt sustainable charcoal practices. It surveyed 85 active charcoal producers in the municipality of Mulanay, Quezon Province, Philippines, to elicit response and document the local practice. An ordered logit model was used to analyse factors that could influence willingness to adopt sustainable charcoal practices.Despite the unprofitable and inefficient charcoal practices, the present practice continues. Under the scenario of increased profits realized through minimum capital requirement, respondents were willing to develop and adopt sustainable practice of charcoal production.
Environmental Sustainability Analysis of Charcoal Production in Mulanay, Quezon, Philippines
Authors:   University of the Philippines Los Banos, Inzon Maria Rowena Beatriz , Espaldon Ma. Victoria , Florece Leonardo , Rebancos Carmelita , Alcantara Antonio
Published: February 2022

Global and historical trends show the re-emergence of woodfuels as alternative sources of energy amid concerns over their environmental impacts. Charcoal production, in particular, remains a significant source of indigenous energy for developing countries like the Philippines, where it is perceived as a cause of deforestation and environmental degradation. This study presents a case where charcoal production can be practiced on a sustainable basis by focusing on aspects that affect the environment, namely, wood source, harvesting strategy and production techniques. Key informant interviews, focus group discussions and a survey among charcoal producers in Mulanay, Quezon revealed a preference on hardwoods that produce slow-burning charcoals and other readily-available, usually invasive, tree species. Harvesting strategies include tree felling and pruning and rotational harvesting to allow stock replenishment. Charcoal producers employ an old but simple production technique called ‘binulkan’, which has an efficiency rate of 7.7% by weight. The study concludes that an environmentally-sustainable charcoal industry in Mulanay can be achieved by planting and utilizing suitable tree species and improving harvesting systems and production techniques. Further study is recommended to assess the feasibility of establishing wood plantations for charcoal production with regard to its poverty reduction potential and continued benefits to the community.
Landscape Transformation in an Urbanizing Area in Laguna, Philippines: Assessing Trends and Policy Implications on the ASEAN Integration
Authors:   University of the Philippines Open University, Bagarinao Ricardo
Published: February 2022

Landscape transformation (LT) is increasingly shaping the earth’s surfaces. Despite the importance of LT analysis in land use planning and environmental management, there is paucity of informationon LT especially in developing countries such as the Philippines. The paper seeks to analyze the trend and policy implications of LT in one of the country’s urbanizing landscapes in Luzon by using landscape dynamics as its framework and geographic information system as the analytical tool. Land use-land cover (LULC) maps for the periods 2003, 2005, and 2010 were sourced from NAMRIA and digitized, geoprocessed, and recoded to determine the transformation. Nine LULC classes were identified and subjected to patch analysis to quantify their changes in number, size, and class area proportion within the period of analysis. The landscape was predominantly agriculturein 2003-2005 periods but is highly dominated bybuilt-up area in 2010, potentially reducing agricultural production and increasing inundation. Patch analysis also indicates changes in landscape configuration with reduced mean patch size and increased patch number from 2003 to 2010. These trends necessitate the implementation of a policy that ensures sustainable security of life, food, and property of the local communities to make them competitive during ASEAN integration.
Utilization of Putative Enterobacter Isolate and Substrates for Microbial Fuel Cells
Authors:   University of the Philippines Los Banos, Arboleda Mark Dondi
Published: February 2022

The current Philippine energy crisis reminds us of the importance of finding alternative energy sources. Microbial fuel cells (MFC) may contribute to the solution. MFCs utilizing marine sediments, rice straw, domestic sewage, and agricultural water have a large potential as an alternative energy source. The objectives of the project were to isolate the biological agent, determine the optimum waste substrates, and to develop a working microbial fuel cell using locally available materials as fuel source. Soil, sediment, and corn stover were collected. An improvised MFC was constructed with two compartments for the anode and cathode sections separated by an agar plug (5% w/v). Each compartment had 750 ml capacities. Several combinations of materials were determined. Triplicates of each material-isolate combination were used to determine voltage, amperage, and Columbic output. Thirty percent fish farm sediments produced the highest voltage and amperage. This treatment was able to produce power for 7 to 25 days after MFC setup. Addition of ammonium sulfate in this setup reduced electrical output. Other treatments also produced power but were not as comparable. This study showed that utilizing wastes as substrate for MFCs is feasible and may have practical use.
Sweet Sorghum Juice and Syrup Production Using Conventional Sugarcane Mill and Evaporator
Authors:   University of the Philippines Los Banos, Demafelis Rex , Gatdula Kristel , Malabuyoc Justine Allen , Baticador El Jirie
Published: February 2022

In light of heightened discussions regarding food vs. fuel issue, different feedstocks have emerged to compromise in meeting the desired volumetric requirement of bioethanol in the country. Sweet sorghum is considered as one of the promising feedstocks taking into account its remarkable characteristics such as shorter crop duration, less water and fertilizer requirement and its compatibility in terms of planting in idle lands. This study focused on the prospect of producing sweet sorghum juice and syrup using conventional sugarcane mills and evaporators. Parameters vital in juice extraction and evaporation sections have been determined to assess its qualities and compared with that of sugarcane. For the milling station, the first expressed juice obtained a Polarity of 6.54 %, apparent purity of 50.97 % and 12.83° Brix. For the mixed juice, same parameters were determined (Polarity of 4.76%, apparent purity of 46.21%, Brix of 10.26°). Lastly, the bagasse contained 1.66% Pol, 50.11% moisture and 48.23% fiber. Pol extraction was also calculated as 88.29%. In terms of syrup production, a Brix of 65° and Polarity of 50.05% were achieved. To assess the performance of the evaporators, % evaporation was computed and a value of 83.87% was obtained.
The Importance of Mathematics in the Digital Age
Authors:   Candidate of physical and mathematical sciences, Associate Professor of the Mathematic Modelling and Information Technologies Department, The University of World Economy and Diplomacy., Sarimsakova Khabiba K.
Published: February 2022

There is a well-known statement by A. Einstein that there are two ways to live this life. The first, to consider that miracles do not happen, the other, to consider that everything around is a miracle. These words can be paraphrased in relation to mathematics. There are two ways of thinking: some believe that mathematics is necessary in all spheres of human activity and that it teaches the brain to think logically, thereby helping to put both human thoughts and activities in order. Others, on the contrary, believe that mathematics is out of date and that high-tech machines are gradually taking its place. Which one is right? The article attempts to reflect on this topic.
Homeless victimisation in South Africa and its potential inclusion in the Hate Crime and Hate Speech Bill
Authors: Pophaim Jean-Paul
Published: February 2022

Homelessness is widely seen as a persistent social issue, one that has existed for many years. Although notably under-researched, there exist some reports of severe experiences of victimisation. Due to the very nature of their lifestyle and other external factors, homeless individuals can expect to, and often do experience violence and victimisation at disproportionate rates. Furthermore, homeless individuals are commonly viewed as a surplus population or a disposable mass that cannot possibly be regarded as what society considers an ‘ideal victim’. With the presence of negative socially constructed labels, they are frequently exposed to harsh treatment by other members of society and consequently stripped of their basic constitutional rights, where in many contexts, their very existence is criminalised. Protective legislation at a domestic level is a neglected area and is yet to align with some major international developments, where homeless victimisation has already been identified as a serious enough problem that arguments for its inclusion under hate crime legislation have already started to surface. This paper therefore aims to put forward an argument regarding the plausibility of including the status of homelessness as a new category under the developing Hate Crime and Hate Speech Bill of South Africa.
A long history of being fed up: Anti-crime mobilisation on the Cape Flats: a case study
Authors: van der Spuy Elrena
Published: February 2022

Anti-crime mobilisation has a long and chequered history in South Africa. Over the years, such forms of mobilisation have come in various shapes and sizes. In this paper, the authors explore one example of a broad-based anti-crime mobilisation that evolved on the Cape Flats from 1994 to 2006. Documentary analysis and field data allow reflection on the social context within which the Western Cape Anti-Crime Forum (WCACF) emerged, and the political sensibilities and social aspirations that shaped its course. The article considers the local safety issues that dominated the deliberations, the mobilising strategies utilised, and the networks activated in pursuit of community safety. The social history of the Forum as recounted here hopefully provides insight into the key concerns of this particular initiative as well as the kind of factors that shape, more generally, the fortunes and misfortunes of anti-crime alliances. Such insights may be of comparative use as the authors try to make sense of contemporary manifestations of a myriad of instances of anti-crime mobilisation.
Rarely seen bilateral posterior shoulder fracture dislocation: simultaneous bilateral hemiarthroplasty
Authors: Fatih Dogar  , Duran Topak  , Okkes Bilal  , Nuh Dundar
Published: February 2022

Posterior shoulder dislocation is a rare condition, while bilateral posterior shoulder fracture is extremely rare. Dislocations with a fracture of the bilateral posterior shoulder are observed more often after epileptic seizures. As dislocations with posterior shoulder fracture are rare, clinicians sometimes experience difficulty in diagnosing it timely. Although it can be diagnosed and treated early, based on a proper shoulder examination and accurate radiological imagery. In the treatment of posterior shoulder dislocations, closed reduction can be performed at an early stage, while methods of osteosynthesis with open reduction or arthroplasty are the most frequently used procedures at delayed stage. In this study, it was shown for the first time in literature, that a very rare case of dislocation with bilateral posterior shoulder fracture after epileptic seizure, in a 68 years old patient, had good clinical and functional results, following simultaneous hemiarthroplasty treatment.
Keywords: Shoulder, Posterior fracture dislocation, Bilateral, Hemiarthroplasty, Seizure.
Indiscipline in rehabilitation curriculum regulation- restricting development perspective: A narrative review
Authors: Zia Wajeeha , Mumtaz Nazia , Ghulam Saqulain  , Shahid Wajiha
Published: February 2022

Curriculum regulation and its oversight are indispensable and vital components of professional development. Regulatory bodies along with professional organisations have an essential role in curriculum regulation. The Pakistan Speech and Language Pathology Association, a body duly registered under the laws of Pakistan and whose governing body exclusively comprises pathologists with master’s in Speech Language, has taken up the matter of standardisation and uniformity of curriculum with universities and with the Higher Education Commission. The commission regulates the undergraduate curricula, but there remains lack of uniformity in curriculum and its monitoring in Pakistan. The current narrative review was planned to highlight the indiscipline in rehabilitation curriculum development and implementation and its causes.
Key Words: Curriculum, Inhibitors, Physical therapy, Regulatory body, Speech language pathology.
Novel intrauterine vacuum induced hemorrhage control device; a favorable alternative treatment of postpartum hemorrhage
Authors: Samra Sohail  , Zainab Rauf  , Iflah Ansari
Published: February 2022

Maternal mortality is a serious health concern, with casualties amounting to 295,000 in  2017.[1] As of present, about 25% of all maternal deaths fall under a condition known as postpartum haemorrhage (PPH), which is defined as abnormal bleeding of more than 500 – ml post child birth; 80% of all PPH cases are attributed to an atonic uterus. Consequently, a stepwise progression is observed to achieve haemostasis, starting from compression therapy to uterotonics like oxytocin followed by uterine balloon tamponade and even surgical intervention as the last line of treatment.[2]
In their study, Dalton et al. introduce The Jada System, a novel intrauterine vacuum induced haemorrhage control device and evaluate its safety and effectiveness. [3] This novel innovation uses low- level intrauterine vacuum to assist physiological forces, collapse the uterine cavity and occlude blood vessels to control excessive bleeding. Moreover, the study showcased successful definitive treatment in 94% of the patients within an average of 3 minutes, minimal low-grade adversities, 98% investigators deeming it easy to use and majority recommending it for future treatment.[3]
The Jada System’s rapid and early use renders it an exceptional treatment to PPH in comparison with alternatives like balloon tamponade that can only be used after a significant blood loss. Furthermore, with a success rate of 87%, the balloon tamponade can take up to 24 hours to control bleeding and carries numerous risks like rupture of the overfilled balloon, infections, cervical tears and vaginal lacerations. [4]
While tackling maternal mortality with the help of The Jada System, it is imperative to recognize that 94% of all maternal deaths occur in low and lower middle-income countries, therefore  coherent and competent approaches to maternal health care must be introduced to developing countries around the world.[1] Pakistan is one such low-middle income country that reported a Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) of 140 per 100000 deaths in 2017.[1] Additionally, in a 2002 study, Jafarey outlined lack of management, scarcity of medications, services, skills and blood banks to accommodate excessive blood loss as the major causes of continued maternal deaths due to PPH (52.9%) in the country.[5]
Considering The Jada System's high success rate in managing PPH, low - middle income countries like Pakistan can invest in the local production of this device in a cost- efficient manner. Such an incentive can prove to be a feasible and swift solution to obstetric emergencies in the region.