bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dosimetry and effect of talocrural thrust manipulation on the range of motion in subjects with chronic ankle instability
Authors: Shraddha Surati , Nagaraj Sibbala
Published: December 2023

Introduction:

Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is described as the patient’s sense of an abnormal ankle, which is characterized by a combination of symptoms such as recurrent sprains, discomfort, edema, or activity avoidance. Talocrural thrust manipulation (TCTM) is a manual treatment technique that includes applying a manual push to a specific motion segment, often in the form of a joint glide. The study aimed to find out the dosimetry and effect of TCTM on the range of motion (ROM) and quality of life (QoL) in subjects with CAI.

Materials and Methods:

Forty subjects fulfilling the selection criteria were included in the study, with single group repeated measures design. A talocrural thrust is given to the ankle and outcomes were assessed during 1st week, 2nd week, and 3rd week after the intervention, and the scores were recorded.

Results:

The group was ranging from 13 to 22, with a mean and standard deviation (SD) of 16.15 ± 2.28. After 1 week, showed an increase in the range of 17–29, with a mean and SD of 22.40 ± 2.75. Similarly, for 2 weeks, the range increased to 24–32 with a mean and SD of 29.53 ± 1.71 after 2 weeks. However, the range was found to have increased to 31–34, with a mean and SD of 32.35 ± 0.70, and found to be statistically significant (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

TCTM is effective in improving ROM and QoL in people who have persistent ankle instability.

Talocrural thrust manipulation technique stimulates the proprioceptive awareness which is often impaired in chronic instability subjects targeting the joints with specific thrust to treat pain and dysfunction and the consistency of the movement underlying the tissues which is more crucial in identifying the restrictions of the joint.

The following core competencies are addressed in this article:

Medical knowledge, Patient care, Systems-based practice
Strongyloidiasis masquerading as Addison’s disease
Authors: Mudraje Sriram , Garg Nancy , Bansal Shaifali , Khare Jaideep , Jindal Sushil
Published: December 2023

A 20-year-old man presented with complaints of weight loss of 25 kg, anorexia, vomiting, and generalized darkening of complexion for 6 months. He complained of abdominal discomfort, fullness, and pain after meals, followed by vomiting. There was no history of diarrhea, fever, night sweats, or jaundice. The stools were not bulky or oily. He was hospitalized before, but nothing significant was found except for mucosal thickening in the stomach and duodenum in gastroscopy. His chest X-ray, thyroid function tests, plasma glucose, and abdominal sonography were found normal during the previous admission. Serology for HIV was nonreactive. Family history was noncontributory. The patient had no addictions. The patient was shifted to the endocrine ward with a suspected diagnosis of Addison’s disease. The patient looked cachexic, with sunken eyes and coarse hair. However, serum 8 a.m. cortisol was normal. But vitamin B12 was low. The patient belonged to a rural background and was going to fields for defecation. His stool examination showed larvae of Strongyloides. After antihelminthic drugs, he showed improvement in appetite and regained 24 kg of weight in the next 4 months. Skin complexion also became normal.
An adolescent girl presenting with primary amenorrhea: A case report of complete androgen insensitivity syndrome
Authors: Arjunan Durairaj , Ghosh Jayaditya , Hussain Sadam , Kumar Prahlad , Singh Antaal Ramanjit , Mukherjee Soham , Walia Rama , Bhadada Sanjay K
Published: December 2023

Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) is an X-linked recessive disorder characterized by distinct clinical features. Key diagnostic indicators include well-developed breasts, absent axillary and pubic hair growth, and unambiguous female external genitalia. Additional clues can be obtained from the patient’s medical history, such as a previous inguinal hernia and the absence of Müllerian structures. Testosterone levels in CAIS patients typically exceed the reference range for females and fall within the normal to elevated range for males in the corresponding age group. The conversion of testosterone to estrogen plays a crucial role in promoting appropriate breast development. In CAIS, the Müllerian structures are typically absent due to the secretion of the anti-Müllerian hormone, leading to their regression and the presence of a blind vaginal pouch. This case report presents the diagnosis and management of a 15-year-old girl with CAIS who initially presented with primary amenorrhea. The patient underwent bilateral laparoscopic gonadectomy, followed by hormone replacement therapy involving estradiol administration. Plans for future treatment include vaginal dilatation to facilitate penetrative intercourse. The case emphasizes the importance of conducting a thorough physical examination in patients with primary amenorrhea, as it aids in early detection and facilitates appropriate management decisions. By recognizing the clinical clues and implementing a comprehensive management approach, healthcare professionals can effectively address the challenges associated with CAIS and provide appropriate care to affected individuals.
A Comparative Study to Evaluate Prognostic Value of Glasgow Coma Score and Full Outline of Unresponsiveness Scale to Predict the Outcome of Unconscious Child in the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Dwivedi Ajeetkumar , Singh Naveen Kumar , Mehta Anita , Singh Abhishek Kumar , Chaudhary Pankaj Kumar
Published: December 2023

Background:

The current issue of improving mortality and care in paediatric patient is very challenging. Early anticipation and intervention will be helpful in improving the outcome in emergency and paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) by the use of Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and Full Outline of Unresponsiveness (FOUR) score. Decreasing in GCS and FOUR score is associated with worsening level of consciousness.

Aim:

The Aim of the study was to compare the prognostic value of FOUR and GCS score in unconscious children to predict the survival in unconscious children to predict the morbidity pattern.

Materials and Methods:

The present observational study was done from June 2019 to June 2020 at PICU of Department of Paediatrics, BRD Medical College, Gorakhpur, following Ethical Clearance from the Institutional Ethics Committee of BRD Medical College. All the admitted unconscious children in PICU were included in our study. Data entry and analysis were done using SPSS. Data were analysed using appropriate statistical test.

Results:

In our study, 65 (50.0%) patients were 9–12 years old and male was predominant. Seventy-eight (60%) patients had symptoms of <3 days. GCS score of E, V, M response at the time of admission was assessed in which maximum patients seen in E2 i.e., 60 (46.2%), V2 50 (38.5%) patients and M5 47 (36.1%) patients, while after 12 h patients, maximum GCS were seen in E3 54 (41.5%) patients, V2 54 (41.5%) patients and M5 (42.3%) patients and after 72 h patients maximum GCS was seen in E4 80 (61.5%) patients, V 54 (41.5%) patients and M51 (39.2%) patients. FOUR score baseline eye response was maximum in E2 39 (30%), motor response in M2 76 (58.5%), brain stem function response in B4 118 (90.8%) and respiration response in R4 44 (33.8%). Similarly, after 12 h score was E3 44 (33.8%), M3 48 (36.9%), B4 74 (56.9%), R4 56 (44.4%) while after 72 h score was E3 75 (57.7%), M4 75 (57.7%), B4 88 (67.7%) and R4 88 (67.7%). On final diagnosis, maximum was of AES 40 (30.7%). Thirty-two patients expired during the study period.

Conclusion:

FOUR and GCS score both is the good predictor of severity of disease and of mortality and may help in prioritising the treatment of sick as well as the counselling of parents about disease severity.
Clinico-epidemiological Determinants of Tuberculosis Co-infection among Adults Attending an Antiretroviral Centre at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Gupta Preeti , Tomar Akanksha , Bansal Manoj , Gupta Rajesh Kumar
Published: December 2023

Background:

The co-infection of human immunodeficiency virus-tuberculosis (HIV-TB) is a serious public health concern and aptly called the ‘deadly duo’. Recognising the determinants of the co-infection will help target the vulnerable population for prevention and reduce mortality.

Aims:

The objective of this study was to estimate the proportion of HIV-TB co-infection among adults attending the antiretroviral therapy (ART) centre at a tertiary healthcare facility and associated clinico-epidemiological determinants.

Patients and Methods:

A cross-sectional analytical research that lasted for 6 months was conducted at the ART Centre of Medical College, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh. According to the inclusion criteria, 251 newly diagnosed HIV patients were enrolled in the study. The pro forma administered by the interviewer was utilised to collect the socio-demographic information at the time of enrolment by face-to-face interviews. To gather the clinical details, records were reviewed. A Chi-square test of significance was used to determine the difference between proportions after descriptive analysis. Variables found significant in bivariate analysis were put in multivariate logistic regression to predict HIV-TB co-infection. The odds ratio was estimated at 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results:

Among the participants, 27.5% of the 251 people had both TB and HIV. Males who were employed as labourers (X
2 = 25.5, df = 4 and P = 0.001) were epidemiologically more likely to get co-infection. In comparison to the other group of HIV-only patients, the CD4+ count of co-infected individuals was considerably lower (X
2 = 6.37, df = 3 and P < 0.01). Clinical staging of HIV (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] =4.70, 95% CI 2.34–9.43; P = 0.001), body mass index (aOR = 0.46, 95% CI 0.013; P = 0.25–0.85) and CD4+ count (aOR = 0.22, 95% CI 0.08–0.60; P = 0.003) were found to predict HIV-TB co-infection among people living with HIV (PLHIV).

Conclusion:

The study concludes, being underweight with an advanced clinical staging (World Health Organisation Clinical Stage III or IV of HIV) and a CD4+ count equal to or below 300 cells/μL increase the vulnerability of HIV-TB co-infection among adult PLHIV.
Nurses’ Awareness, Perception and Practices Regarding Antibiotic Use: A Call for Setting up an Antimicrobial Stewardship Programme
Authors: Mishra Rakhi , Rani Ruchika , Sharma Maneesh , Kumar Rajesh
Published: December 2023

Background:

Antibiotic misuse is a global threat. In recent years, inadequate awareness and inappropriate adherence to antibiotic prescription have been coupled with frequent self-medication practices.

Aims:

The study aims to assess awareness, perception and practices followed by nurses on antibiotics use at a tertiary care hospital in North India.

Materials and Methods:

This online survey was completed by 232 nurses working at a tertiary care teaching hospital in North India from September to October 2020. A pre-validated questionnaire of awareness, perception and practices was used to collect information. Appropriate descriptive and inferential statistics are used to generate the results.

Results:

The mean age of nurses was 27.84 (±3.06) years, and 60% were male. The majority of the nurses (80.17%) had a graduate degree in nursing, with a professional experience of 6.25 (±5.30) years. More than two-third (87.5%) of nurses are familiar with the word antibiotics resistance. Surprisingly, 47.4% of nurses used antibiotics more than two times without a prescription in the current year. Interestingly, 95.26% of nurses know antibiotics are effective against bacteria and are disease specific (93.79%). Further, 96.55% of nurses said that unnecessary antibiotic use might lead to resistance, and 68.10% agreed to take antibiotics after a doctor’s prescription.

Conclusions:

Self-medication practices were high amongst nurses. Organising more in-service education, intense orientation programmes and instruction-based training needs to intensify nurses on the appropriate use of antibiotics and to set up an antimicrobial stewardship programme at the institute.
Association between Subjective Hearing Impairment and Cognitive Status among Korean Elderly
Authors: Lee Sujin , Chung Jae Ho
Published: December 2023

Background:

The goal of this study was to investigate the impact of subjectively assessed hearing impairment on cognitive function in elderly Koreans living in the community.

Methods:

In the 2020 Survey of Living Conditions and Welfare Needs of Korean Older Persons Survey, 9920 subjects (5949 females; 60%) aged 65 or more years were examined. Using the Korean version of the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE-KC), cognitive function was evaluated. To investigate the relationship between hearing impairment and cognitive status, multiple logistic regression analysis was performed with adjustment for multiple confounding variables (socioeconomic, health behavior, psychological factors, and functional status). There were 2297 participants in the hearing impairment group (23.2%) and 7623 subjects in the no-hearing impairment group.

Results:

Cognitive impairment was significantly higher in the hearing impairment group (37.2%) compared to the no-hearing impairment group (27.5%). After adjusting for confounders, hearing impairment was significantly associated with an increased risk of cognitive decline (odds ratio [OR] 1.21; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08–1.35) compared to no-hearing impairment group.

Conclusions:

Although a cross-cectional design of this study does not allow a causal reasoning, our findings show a significant association between the hearing loss of older adults and their cognitive impairment. Hearing impairment should be regarded as a risk factor for cognitive disorders.
Personal Listening Device Use and Attitude to Noise in Relation to Depression and Anxiety among Medical Students
Authors: Ilić Živojinović Jelena , Soldatović Ivan , Backović Dušan , Vukašinović Danka , Babić Silvana , Tomanić Milena , Ilić Branislav , Vlaisavljević Željko
Published: December 2023

Background:

High levels of environmental noise may lead to psychological symptoms. The present study has hypothesized that personal listening device (PLD) use and a negative attitude to noise are significantly related to anxiety and/or depression.

Methods:

This is a cross-sectional study conducted on 431 six-grade students (35% male) at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade. All students completed the questionnaires related to socio-demographic data, noise/music exposure habits, behaviors related to PLD use, tinnitus, headaches, consumption of alcohol, coffee, energy drinks and cigarettes, YANS (Youth Attitude to Noise Scale), CES-D (The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression), and GAD–7 (Generalised Anxiety Disorder Assessment − 7 item scale) questionnaires.

Results:

There were 396 (91.9%) of investigated students who used PLD, with more frequent use among girls compared to boys (95.0% and 86.8%, respectively; p = 0.002). We found no significant relationship between the frequency of PLD use and depression and anxiety. However, continuous daily PLD use longer than 1 hour was significantly and positively related to depression (p = 0.006). Students with depression had a lower total YANS score compared to those without depression, indicating a more negative attitude toward noise (p = 0.042). Students with no difficulties to concentrate in noise and with a positive attitude to daily noises had about 37% lower chance to suffer from depression and anxiety, respectively.

Conclusions:

PLD use is common among medical students and may be associated with their mental health. Longer than 1 hour of continuous daily use of PLD may be positively related to depression. We also found a significant relationship between difficulties concentrating in noisy environments and depression, and between negative attitudes to daily noises and anxiety.
Correlation between the Degree of Hearing Loss and the Levels of Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Tinnitus
Authors: Zhang Lin , Du Huanle , You Huihua
Published: December 2023

Objectives:

This study aimed to explore the correlation between the degree of hearing loss (HL) and the degrees of anxiety and depression in patients with tinnitus.

Materials and Methods:

This retrospective study involved the use of basic clinical data from 600 enrolled patients with tinnitus who visited the otolaryngology clinic in Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine from April 2020 to June 2022. The tinnitus handicap inventory (THI) scale was used to assess the tinnitus status among the participants. The pure tone audiometry (PTA) test was used to conduct audiological assessments for all patients to determine their hearing condition. The self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) were used to assess the levels of anxiety and depression among the participants, respectively. The correlation between the HL and anxiety/depression scores from the questionnaires was tested through Pearson correlation analysis.

Results:

Among the 600 enrolled patients with tinnitus, most patients had mild-to-moderate degree of tinnitus, accounting for 248 cases (41.3%) and 179 cases (29.8%), respectively. PTA results showed that a large proportion of patients with tinnitus were accompanied with HL (467 cases, 77.8%). Among them, patients with mild HL accounted for the largest proportion with a total of 241 cases (40.2%). Based on the results of SAS and SDS test, almost half of the patients had symptoms of anxiety and depression, accounting for 52.3% (314 cases) and 48.8% (293 cases), respectively. Similarly, patients with mild anxiety and depression occupy the largest proportion, accounting for 35.8% (215 cases) and 23% (138 cases), respectively. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the degree of HL was closely related to THI/SAS/SDS scores (P< 0.001).

Conclusion:

These findings indicate a strong positive correlation between the degree of HL and anxiety/depression scores in patients with tinnitus.
Characterization and Prediction of Speech Intelligibility at the Output of Hearing Aids in a Noisy Working Environment
Authors: Malrin Antoine , Ducourneau Joël , Chevret Patrick
Published: December 2023

Objective:

Hearing aids are more and more technically advanced, but do not necessarily guarantee the reproduction of useful signals in all working environments. This is particularly the case for speech intelligibility. This study focuses on the prediction of hearing aid performance in the case of a moderate deafness setting, in service and industrial work environments. To improve intelligibility, hearing aids propose signal processing options such as noise reduction and compression. These processes can transform hearing aids into nonlinear systems. The aim of this study is to develop a nonlinear method for the characterization of hearing aids.

Materials and Methods:

The method is based on the synchronized swept sine (SSS) signal method.[16] The SSS method is applied for determining hearing aid frequency responses fitted according to the present methodology and several processing options. The characterization of hearing aid's program containing the noise reduction function is specifically analyzed. Indeed, to be fully active and efficient, the hearing aid, with the noise reduction feature activated, needs to be immersed in a noisy environment which does not allow nonlinear characterization. A linear approach is taken to study this feature. Three hearing aids commonly sold by hearing care professionals are studied here; all of them have three different programs. The characterization for each program is discussed.

Results:

The statistical study showed that the intelligibility, assessed using the speech transmission index in these sound environments, is well estimated for every program, although certain differences are observed when the compression effect is too high in the service work sector.

Conclusion:

The characterizations of hearing aids using the programs studied did not highlight the presence of frequency nonlinearities. The characterization method could not take into account amplitude nonlinearities when there is too much gain compression in the hearing process. Globally, all the hearing aid programs provided a very significant improvement in intelligibility in service and industrial work contexts.
Spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome: Understanding pathophysiology with exosome technology
Authors: Masalkhi Mouayad , Ong Joshua , Waisberg Ethan , Lee Andrew G.
Published: December 2023

Spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS) refers to a range of neuro-ophthalmic alterations that have been documented following extended periods of space travel. The precise etiology and pathophysiology of SANS remain incompletely understood. Nevertheless, it poses a unique physiological challenge for upcoming space expeditions. At present, countermeasures consist of the implementation of lower body negative pressure and the utilization of pressurized goggles. According to recent studies, the utilization of exosome technology could also potentially provide valuable insights into the pathophysiology of SANS and aid in the development of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in the field of space medicine. Exosomes, which are small vesicles discharged by cells, have a pivotal function in intercellular communication. These vesicles can be extracted from bodily fluids to assess the health parameters of astronauts throughout spaceflight and potentially detect biomarkers of health hazards related to spaceflight. Scientific databases such as PubMed and relevant research articles were analyzed.
Good practices in simulation-based education in ophthalmology – A thematic series. An initiative of the Simulation Subcommittee of the Ophthalmology Foundation Part II: Faculty development for simulation-based education in ophthalmology
Authors: Labuschagne Mathys , Lansingh Van , Thomsen Ann Sofia Skou , Grau Arturo , Luciano Andreas Di , Clements John , Musa Pablo , Ng Danny Siu-Chun , Filipe Helena Prior
Published: December 2023

Faculty development should be a priority to sustain and support simulation-based training programs. Clinical educators in ophthalmology should be provided with development opportunities and training in simulation-based education opportunities to become better facilitators and keep up with this fast-growing educational field. Faculty development results in better-skilled faculty and optimized application of this specialized learning strategy. Faculty include experts in simulation-based education, simulation expert technicians as a specialized category, and faculty in the field of ophthalmology, who should embark on a continuing education pathway that keeps them up to date with the latest developments in simulation-based education. Learning experiences on training by simulation can be multimodal with several delivery formats, such as formal courses and training programs, informal apprenticeship, conference attendance, web-based learning, and participation in online discussion forums. Faculty development on simulation-based education programs should be designed in accordance with the level of the facilitator within a progressive skill acquisition model. In this review, we chose to use Kern’s six-step model for designing faculty development programs on education by simulation in ophthalmology. Kern’s model represents curriculum design that is cyclical, spiral, and multidirectional, and includes problem identification and general needs assessment, targeted needs assessment, goals and objectives for faculty development, educational strategies, implementation, and evaluation and feedback. Faculty development programs must be designed to train facilitators who are competent in simulation-based education which aligns with social needs and the institution’s mission and philosophy.
Clinical Presentations in Presumed Epidemic Viral Conjunctivitis: An Observational Study from a Tertiary Center in Eastern India
Authors: Mohanty Loknath , Minj Anita , Swain Jyotirmayee , Panigrahi Pradeep K. , Ahuja Sakshi
Published: December 2023

Purpose:

The present study aimed to investigate the current patterns of clinical presentation in the recent onset epidemic viral conjunctivitis in Eastern India.

Methods:

This hospital-based observational study was conducted from June 2023 to July 2023. All consecutive patients with presumed viral conjunctivitis were enrolled in the study. We performed a comprehensive ophthalmic evaluation to assess various signs and symptoms in every case. Data were statistically analyzed to study recent clinical patterns of viral conjunctivitis.

Results:

This study enrolled 2,640 patients with presumed viral conjunctivitis. The majority of the affected patients were males (59%). The mean age of the patients was 29.68 ± 15.84 years (range 6 months to 82 years). The highest number of cases (62.3%) was observed in patients aged more than 18 years. Most patients (62.7%) presented with symptoms in one eye, while 37.3% experienced symptoms in both eyes. Foreign body sensation and redness were the most common clinical presentations in 2,490 (94.38%) and 2,433 (92.1%) cases, respectively. Subconjunctival hemorrhage was seen in 47% of cases. Corneal involvement was noted in 43 (1.62%) cases. Resolution of symptoms was reported in most patients (84.4%) within a week.

Conclusion:

The current epidemic of viral conjunctivitis in Eastern India is self-limiting in nature with minimal corneal involvement. Early diagnosis, isolation of affected individuals, appropriate treatment, and adherence to personal hygiene practices are essential to curb the mass spread of conjunctivitis.
Clinical Approach to Corneal Ulcers
Authors: Mohan Madhuvanthi , Natarajan Radhika , Kaur Kirandeep , Gurnani Bharat
Published: December 2023

A corneal ulcer is a break or defect in the surface epithelium of the cornea, accompanied by tissue decay in the nearby area, leading to stromal necrosis. On a pathological level, there are swelling and an influx of cells in the affected region. Corneal ulcers often arise due to bacterial, viral, fungal or parasitic infections. However, non-infectious causes, such as dry eye, inflammatory disorders and trauma, also have a role. Delayed treatment can lead to blindness. Accurate diagnosis and prompt management are essential. Initially, patient history provides clues. A history of contact lens wear is often linked to bacterial or Acanthamoeba infections. Scratches may herald fungal infections, especially in agricultural settings. Viral aetiologies often correlate with dendritic patterns. Next, the slit-lamp examination can highlight corneal defects and infiltrates. Fluorescein staining may enhance the visibility of epithelial defects. Diagnostic procedures may include corneal scraping for microscopy, culture or polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This aids in identifying causative agents and tailoring antimicrobial therapy. Empirical treatment, especially in severe or progressing ulcers, begins before culture results. Bacterial ulcers frequently receive broad-spectrum antibiotics initially. Fungal infections warrant antifungal therapy, often with natamycin. Acanthamoeba keratitis necessitates specific antiamoebic therapy. Refractory or complex cases might demand additional interventions, such as corneal cross-linking or therapeutic keratoplasty. Appropriate patient education, such as contact lens hygiene, can serve as a preventative measure. Overall, understanding the underpinnings and a systematic approach to diagnosis and management are vital in preserving vision and avoiding complications in corneal ulcer patients.
Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy Mimicking as Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
Authors: Surpur Preeti , Prabhushanker M. , Geeta G , Bagrecha Nipun
Published: December 2023

Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) is considered one of the disease entities in the pachychoroid spectrum sharing the common finding of abnormally thickened choroid with Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR). Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) is a vascular malformation of the choroid, comprising a network of branching vessels of varying sizes that produce aneurysmal-like enlargements. This disease is generally observed in the macular area. Central serous chorioretinopathy is a retinal disorder characterized by localized serous detachment of the macula. It is secondary to retinal pigment epithelial decomposition and choroidal vascular changes. Fundus photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), Fundus fluorescein angiography, and Indocyanine green angiography (ICG) aid in the diagnosis and differentiation between these two entities. Here, we report a case of middle aged female presented initially with clinical features suggestive of CSCR and later turned out to be a case of PCV.
Traumatic Scleral Abscess Unraveling Intraocular Foreign Body
Authors: Mishra Suchismita , Pattnaik Lolly , Thareja Japesh , Panigrahi Pradeep Kumar
Published: December 2023

A 10-year-old healthy male child presented with pain, redness, and swelling in the left eye of 10 days duration. There was a positive history of trauma. Clinical examination revealed a subconjunctival nodular lesion in the left eye. Surgical exploration under general anesthesia revealed a scleral abscess with an intraocular foreign body lodged in it. Aspergillus terreus growth was obtained on culture. The patient was aggressively treated with anti-fungal medications. Complete resolution was obtained one month following the presentation.
Clinical Profile of Sixth Nerve Palsy
Authors: Balraj Arumugam , Gontia Jyoti , Kakoty Rashmirita
Published: December 2023

Aim:

This study aimed to assess various causative factors of sixth nerve palsy, the recovery rate of sixth nerve palsy, and to develop the diagnostic algorithm for sixth nerve palsy.

Methods:

This was a hospital-based retrospective observational study. For this study, electronic case records of all patients with sixth cranial nerve palsy who were followed up for 6 months were collected. The study duration was between June 2017 and May 2022. Characteristics such as the age of onset, gender, presence of any systemic conditions, and laterality were analysed.

Results:

Total number of patients was 82. 63% were males and rest were 37% females. 62% had systemic involvement, and 38% had no systemic involvement. Among systemic illnesses, diabetes was the most common cause of isolated sixth nerve palsy (61%). The most common cause of sixth nerve palsy was due to vasculopathy (49%). Trauma (11%) was the second leading cause of sixth nerve palsy; the tumour was very rare in our study about 1%. Sixth nerve palsy in idiopathic intracranial hypertension amounting to about 5%. We were unable to identify the cause in certain patients (16%); post-viral aetiology consists of about 1%, cortical vein thrombosis to about 1%, cavernous vein thrombosis to about 2%, aneurysm consists about 3%, congenital cause amounting to about 5%, inflammatory accounts about 6%. Recovery rate among sixth nerve palsy: 87% had complete recovery in our study; vasculopathy had a 100% recovery rate. In contrast, trauma had 50% recovery and 50% non-recovery rate. In contrast, tumour and congenital had no recovery rate.

Conclusion:

Ischaemia followed by trauma is the common aetiology raising concerns about the health issues of young Indians and road safety.
Expressionless Physiognomy–A Case of Moebius Syndrome
Authors: Lavanya GS , Khadia Anjali , Moutappa Fredrick , Veena K
Published: December 2023

Moebius syndrome (MBS) is a rare neurological disorder which characterized by bilateral or unilateral facial nerve weakness with bilateral abducens nerve palsy. It can affect multiple cranial nerves with an incidence of 2–20 cases per million births. We report a 6 years female child with MBS with morpho-functional deficits and developmental problems.
Surgical Outcomes of Consecutive Exotropia – A Retrospective Analysis from a Tertiary Eye Hospital
Authors: Anilkumar Sasikala E. , Sakthivel Priya , Ganesh Sandra , Narendran Kalpana , Sindhu Amrutha
Published: December 2023

Purpose:

To determine the surgical outcomes of medial rectus advancement alone or in combination with lateral rectus recession in the management of patients with consecutive exotropia.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective analysis of 20 patients who underwent surgical correction for consecutive exotropia (XT) between January 2019 and June 2022 was conducted. Patients underwent either medial rectus advancement (Group 1) or combined medial rectus advancement and lateral rectus recession (Group 2). Patients were followed up for a minimum period of 1 month postoperatively, and the correction obtained per mm of muscle operated was analysed.

Results:

Twenty patients (8 females, 12 males) were enrolled in the study. The mean age at primary surgery for esotropia was 6.25 ± 4.67 years, and the mean age at surgery for XT was 23.1 ± 9.47 years. At the present surgery for XT, the mean distance deviation was 43.05 ± 13.79 prism diopter (PD) of exotropia and the mean near deviation was 43.55 ± 15.21 PD of exotropia. Group 1 consisted of five patients, and Group 2 consisted of 15 patients. Postoperatively, the mean distance deviation was 7.6 ± 6.21 PD (range: 6 PD esophoria–18 PD XT) and the mean near deviation was 7.0 ± 6.07 PD (range: 6 PD esophoria–20 PD XT). The mean correction obtained postoperatively was 36.0 ± 12.49 PD. The mean correction obtained per mm of muscle operated was 3.45 ± 0.61 PD.

Conclusion:

Medial rectus muscle advancement with or without lateral rectus recession is an effective surgical method for the treatment of XT, and the mean correction obtained per mm of muscle operated was 3.45 ± 0.61 PD. Careful history taking, analysing previous surgery details, preoperative planning, and intraoperative exploration of muscles are important for managing eyes with XT.
Mapping the Nexus: A Bibliometric Analysis of Pandemics and Slum Dwellers' Health
Authors: P Panda , B Sethy
Published: December 2023

INTRODUCTION: Pandemics have historically posed significant threats to public health, with their impact often disproportionately affecting vulnerable populations, including slum dwellers. The convergence of densely populated under-resourced urban areas and the rapid spread of infectious diseases presents unique challenges and heightened risks to the health and well-being of individuals residing in these marginalized communities.
OBJECTIVES: The study aims to examine how the epidemic has affected slum residents. Additionally, the study intends to measure the stress and resiliency of such residents. For this reason, bibliometric analysis has been used.
METHODS: Such analysis has been carried out through the use of procedures like keyword selection, database selection, and research paper collection, search result refinement with selection and rejection criteria, and data collection and analysis. The databases Scopus and Dimension have been chosen to compile papers from 2020 to 2022. When searching for publications, terms like "slum dwellers," "coping strategy," "pandemic stress," and "slum resilience" are often used. Data analysis is done using the R software package Biblioshiny.
RESULTS: China, Spain, and Switzerland lead in average article citations and overall citations. Dominant themes are Covid, slum, health, and pandemic, with a focus on pandemic effects, health issues, and infection spread. The thematic map highlights "Covid and Slum Dwellers" as a central research theme, with thematic evolution from Covid and Population to themes like Slum, Surveys, and Participants, indicating a focus on data collection via interviews on the Covid impact on slum residents.
CONCLUSION: Several research papers were published to study the COVID-19 impact on slum dwellers from different dimensions. But their resilience strategy was less emphasised which can be a platform for emerging researchers. More studies are expected in this area. This study will assist policymakers in revising their approach to development and slump transformation.
Prevalence and Correlates of Stunting among a High-Risk Population of Kenyan Children Recently Hospitalized for Acute Illnesses
Authors: Atlas Hannah E. , Brander Rebecca L. , Tickell Kirkby D. , Bunyige Lucy , Oongo Susan , McGrath Christine J. , John-Stewart Grace C. , Richardson Barbra A. , Singa Benson O. , Denno Donna M. , Walson Judd L. , Pavlinac Patricia B.
Published: December 2023

Stunting (length/height-for-age z-score < –2) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality among children under 5 years of age in sub-Saharan Africa. Children who are stunted and recently hospitalized for acute illness may be at particularly elevated risk for post-discharge mortality. In this cross-sectional analysis, we measured the prevalence of stunting at hospital discharge and identified host, caregiver, and environmental correlates of stunting among children aged 1–59 months in Western Kenya enrolled in the Toto Bora Trial. Child age- and site-adjusted prevalence ratios were estimated using Poisson regression. Of the 1,394 children included in this analysis, 23% were stunted at hospital discharge. Older children (12–23 months and 24–59 months versus 0–5 months) had a higher prevalence of stunting (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR]: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.04–2.36 and aPR: 1.59; 95% CI: 1.08–2.34, respectively). HIV-exposed, uninfected children (aPR: 1.94; 95% CI: 1.39–2.70), children with HIV infection (aPR: 2.73; 95% CI: 1.45–5.15), and those who were never exclusively breastfed in early life (aPR 2.51; 95% CI: 1.35–4.67) were more likely to be stunted. Caregiver education (primary school or less) and unimproved sanitation (pit latrine without slab floor or open defecation) were associated with increased risk of stunting (aPR: 1.94; 95% CI: 1.54–2.44; aPR: 1.99; 95% CI: 1.20–3.31; aPR: 3.57; 95% CI: 1.77–7.21, respectively). Hospital discharge represents an important opportunity for both identifying and delivering targeted interventions for nutrition-associated poor outcomes among a high-risk population of children.
Pregnancy as an Opportunity for Hepatitis C Virus Elimination and Eradication
Authors: Boudova Sarah , Tholey Danielle , Fenkel Jonathan M. , Derman Richard , Boelig Rupsa C.
Published: December 2023

Since the development of highly effective direct-acting antivirals, the WHO has set a goal of hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination by 2030. Key to this strategy is increased screening and treatment. Pregnancy and the postpartum period represent a unique time when underserved populations have increased contact with the healthcare system. We propose using antenatal care to maximize case identification, treatment, and prevention. Pregnant individuals are an ideal sentinel population for HCV surveillance. Universal screening in pregnancy can provide population-level data. Once cases are identified, pregnancy presents an opportunity for intervention. Although not currently WHO approved, clinical trials are examining treatment during pregnancy. In the interim, identification of infection during pregnancy allows for optimization of the treatment cascade postpartum. Pregnancy can be used as a time for prevention. Taking advantage of patient engagement and existing infrastructure, pregnancy presents an opportunity to intervene in the fight for HCV eradication.
Hydraulic Flanged Tube, Pipe, and Hose Connections, Four-Screw Flange Connection - Part 2: 42 MPa (Code 62)
Authors:   Hydraulic Hose and Hose Fittings Committee
Published: December 2023

This SAE Standard covers general and dimensional specifications for the Code 62 metric (Type 1) and inch (Type 2) flanged heads, flange clamps (FC and FCM), and split flange clamps (FCS and FCSM) applicable to four-screw flange type tube, pipe, and hose connections. Also included are the recommended port dimensions and port design considerations. Type 2 (inch) flange clamps and split flange clamps are not for new design.

The flanged heads specified are incorporated into fittings having suitable means for attachment of tubes, pipes, or hoses to provide connection ends. These connections are intended for application in hydraulic systems, on industrial and commercial products, where it is desired to avoid the use of threaded connections.

The rated working pressure of an assembly shall not exceed the least of all the component working pressure rated values.

The following general specifications supplement the dimensional data contained in the tables with respect to all unspecified detail. Parts manufactured to this standard are interchangeable with ISO 6162-2 and connectors to either standard can be supplied with the exception of the -40 and -48 Type 2 connections that are included in SAE J518-2, but not ISO 6162-2.
Translating Parody as a Domain of Experiment? Two Polish Poets and an Invitation to Play the Game
Authors: Kaźmierczak Marta
Published: December 2023

The author explores the possibilities of parody translation, based on a 1933 Polish literary example. Poet Julian Tuwim imitates with a vengeance the highly idiosyncratic diction of Bolesław Leśmian, including the latter’s signature trait, neologisms, while styling the piece as a supposed rewriting of a familiar children’s rhyme (folk song) about a kitten. This second hypotext is diagnosed as ancillary and it is argued that a translation of the ‘X as would have been written by Y’ parody should harness a replacement of X which will be functional for the target culture. As an experiment, possible substitutes are suggested for two cultures: Russian and Anglo-Saxon, corresponding to the languages into which Leśmian, the parodied poet, has been most extensively rendered. The author discusses factors conditioning the translatability of parody, including reception in the target context. The analysis concludes with a call for translations. Two such responses to the challenge are appended.
Directions for Improving the Service Experience for the Visually Impaired in Public Libraries: Focusing on the Utilization of Service Blueprint
Authors:   Korea Institute of Design Research Society, Huang Yi Hang , Li Li Wei , Wang Yi Feng , Kim Eung Hwa , Jung Eui Tay , Lee Sun Mi
Published: December 2023

In recent years, public libraries have enhanced services for the visually impaired, yet challenges persist with the current barrier-free offerings. This study aims to investigate the experience of visually impaired individuals using public library services. Focused on five public libraries from the 'PISA International Library Construction Ranking,' the research involves surveys targeting the visually impaired to assess the current status and service design issues. Employing the AHP analysis method and service blueprint, the study proposes directions for improving public library service design. Research findings indicate a subpar service experience for the visually impaired, limiting their activities due to inadequate barrier-free services. By identifying their actual needs and utilizing the Service Blueprint, we provide practical design suggestions for creating a comprehensive barrier-free environment in public libraries.
A study on the factors that reflect regional identity in the design of agricultural products joint brands: Focused on Gangwon Province
Authors:   Korea Institute of Design Research Society, Lee Young Ae , Nah Ken
Published: December 2023

The level of reflection of regional identity in agricultural co-brands of local governments in Gangwon Province varies. The most common are brands that directly express the natural environment of the region, and brands that embody living elements of the region also account for a significant proportion. There are also some brands that emphasize both the natural environment and living elements of the region. The level of reflection of regional identity should be appropriately selected according to the characteristics of the region and the purpose of the brand. If the natural environment of the region is outstanding, the characteristics of the region can be emphasized through a brand that directly expresses the natural environment. On the other hand, if the region is rich in culture or history, the identity of the region can be emphasized through a brand that embodies living elements. In addition, if you want to appeal to the diverse charms of the region, you may want to consider a brand that emphasizes both the natural environment and living elements. This study provides the following implications for the development and management of regional agricultural co-brands. First, agricultural co-brands that reflect the characteristics of the region well can help attract the attention of consumers and effectively promote the excellence of regional agricultural products. Therefore, local governments should develop agricultural co-brands that reflect regional identity well by considering the natural environment and living elements of the region in an integrated manner. Second, agricultural co-brands should be managed from a long-term perspective as a marketing asset for the region. Therefore, local governments should continue to improve the design, logo, and marketing strategies of agricultural co-brands, and make efforts to raise awareness among consumers. Third, agricultural co-brands can play an important role in strengthening the competitiveness of regional agriculture. Therefore, local governments should prepare various support policies to revitalize agricultural co-brands and encourage the participation of local farmers.
A study on Improvement Direction for Privately Owned Public Space through Usability Evaluation: focusing on the Gasan Digital Complex
Authors:   Korea Institute of Design Research Society, Lee Seonl Ju , Lee Jae Kyu , Jang Young Ho
Published: December 2023

Privately owned public space was defined as an oblitation, so it has increased quantitatively but it is limited qualitatively. This study is set human scale and universal design as usability evaluation through a literature research to activate the public space in Gasan Digital Complex. The site was selected according to Seoul's type, and FGI with expert was performed. As the result, the human scale was evaluated lower for the street rest, plaza, and piloti type, while the universal design was for the garden, park, and sunken type. In the detail, The factor of activity and comfort, recognition, convenience of use, and continuity was insufficient. I propose to apply human scale and universal design in balance, consider events and cultural activities, and avoid types that are less accessible. Later, it will be necessary to consider various domestic and international cases system, space, and utilization behavior. It is expected that the city will change organically and pedestrian-friendly through qualitative improvement.
A Study of the Platform Album as a New Form of Digital Albums: Analyzing Changes in Music Distribution and Consumer Behavior with Applied Technologies
Authors:   Korea Institute of Design Research Society, Han Gyu Hoon , Oh Moon Seok
Published: December 2023

This study examined how the meaning of physical albums has changed through the process of changes in the music distribution structure of the music market due to technological advances and changes in consumer consumption patterns. Based on this, the characteristics of platform albums that have emerged along with changes in the music market trends were analyzed. To this end, the study analyzed the changes in the music market and defined platform albums through consideration from the perspectives of music distributors and consumers. The study also analyzed cases of platform albums that are currently being provided according to the technical implementation methods. In this study, platform albums were defined as a new form of digital albums that emerged when the changes in the music distribution environment, which has shifted to online streaming, and the changing strategies of music distributors coincided with the demand of consumers for the ownership of physical albums. The study also analyzed platform albums based on the implemented technologies of actual cases.