bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Benefits and Drivers of Nonprofit Revenue Concentration
Authors: von Schnurbein Georg , Fritz Tizian M.
Published: June 2017

Nonprofit organizations (NPO) rely on a diverse mix of revenue sources. The existing literature mainly supports diversification among different revenue sources as desirable because it enables organizational stability. Using a new data set of over 200 Swiss fundraising charities, we prove the opposite to be true: organizations that displayed a higher degree of revenue concentration grew stronger between 2005 and 2012. We identify factors influencing the organization’s capital and revenue structure. These factors can be divided into “nature” and “nurture” factors, which allows us to demonstrate which of them may be actively influenced by an organization’s management and which stem from conditions of the organization that cannot be readily overcome by managerial interventions (such as age, size, and legal form). Revenue concentration is positively influenced both by an organization’s geographical range of activity and dependence on its primary revenue source, and negatively influenced by board size and diversity.
Finite element analysis and modelling of thermal stress in solid oxide fuel cells
Authors: Schlegl Harald , Dawson Richard
Published: June 2017

Durability and reliability of anode supported solid oxide fuel cell stacks have proven unsatisfactory in large-scale trials, showing rapid failure, thermal cycling intolerance and step change in electrochemical performance most likely related to mechanical issues. Monitoring and understanding the mechanical conditions in the stack especially during temperature changes can lead to improvements of the design and of the operating regime targeting maximum durability. Within this project modelling and simulation of thermal stresses within the different parts of the cells and the stack and the validation of these models play a key role and were performed in this work. The modelling and simulation of stress and strain have been carried out using the FEA software ABAQUS™. Model variations documented the importance of exact knowledge of material properties like Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, thermal expansion coefficient, thermal conductivity and creep viscosity. The benefit of literature data for these properties is limited by the fact that all these properties are highly dependent on the composition of materials but also on details of the fabrication process like mixing, fabrication technique and sintering temperature and duration. The work presented here is an investigation into the modelling techniques, which can be most efficiently applied to represent anode supported solid oxide fuel cells and demonstrates the temperature gradient and constraint on the stresses experienced in a typical design. Comparing different meshing elements representing the cell parts thin shell elements (S4R) provided the most efficiently derived solution. Tensile stress is most significant in the cathode layers reaching 155 MPa at working conditions. The stress relieving effect of creep led to a reduction of stress by up to 20% after 1000 h at 750 ℃, reducing the tensile stress in the cathode area to maximal 121 MPa. Constraint between bipolar plates increases the tensile stress, especially in the cathode layers leading to a peak value of 161 MPa.
Functional principal component analysis of glomerular filtration rate curves after kidney transplant
Authors: Dong Jianghu J , Wang Liangliang , Gill Jagbir , Cao Jiguo
Published: June 2017

This article is motivated by some longitudinal clinical data of kidney transplant recipients, where kidney function progression is recorded as the estimated glomerular filtration rates at multiple time points post kidney transplantation. We propose to use the functional principal component analysis method to explore the major source of variations of glomerular filtration rate curves. We find that the estimated functional principal component scores can be used to cluster glomerular filtration rate curves. Ordering functional principal component scores can detect abnormal glomerular filtration rate curves. Finally, functional principal component analysis can effectively estimate missing glomerular filtration rate values and predict future glomerular filtration rate values.
Quality dementia care: Prerequisites and relational ethics among multicultural healthcare providers
Authors: Sellevold Gerd Sylvi , Egede-Nissen Veslemøy , Jakobsen Rita , Sørlie Venke
Published: June 2017

Background:

Many nursing homes appear as multicultural workplaces where the majority of healthcare providers have an ethnic minority background. This environment creates challenges linked to communication, interaction and cultural differences. Furthermore, the healthcare providers have varied experiences and understanding of what quality care of patients with dementia involves.

Purpose:

The aim of this study is to illuminate multi-ethnic healthcare providers’ lived experiences of their own working relationship, and its importance to quality care for people with dementia.

Research design:

The study is part of a greater participatory action research project: ‘Hospice values in the care for persons with dementia’. The data material consists of extensive notes from seminars, project meetings and dialogue-based teaching. The text material was subjected to phenomenological-hermeneutical interpretation.

Participants and research context:

Participants in the project were healthcare providers working in a nursing home unit. The participants came from 15 different countries, had different formal qualifications, varied backgrounds and ethnic origins.

Ethical considerations:

The study is approved by the Norwegian Regional Ethics Committee and the Norwegian Social Science Data Services.

Findings:

The results show that good working relationships, characterized by understanding each other’s vulnerability and willingness to learn from each other through shared experiences, are prerequisites for quality care. The healthcare providers further described ethical challenges as uncertainty and different understandings.

Discussion:

The results are discussed in the light of Lögstrup’s relational philosophy of ethics and the concepts of vulnerability, ethic responsibility, trust and openness of speech.

Conclusion:

The prerequisite for quality care for persons with dementia in a multicultural working environment is to create arenas for open discussions between the healthcare providers. Leadership is of great importance.
Prevalence and Geographic Variations of Polypharmacy Among West Virginia Medicaid Beneficiaries
Authors: Feng Xue , Tan Xi , Riley Brittany , Zheng Tianyu , Bias Thomas K. , Becker James B. , Sambamoorthi Usha
Published: June 2017

Background: West Virginia (WV) residents are at high risk for polypharmacy given its considerable chronic disease burdens. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence, correlates, outcomes, and geographic variations of polypharmacy among WV Medicaid beneficiaries. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed 2009-2010 WV Medicaid fee-for-service (FFS) claims data for adults aged 18-64 (N=37,570). We defined polypharmacy as simultaneous use of drugs from five or more different drug classes on a daily basis for at least 60 consecutive days in one year. Multilevel logistic regression was used to explore the individual- and county-level factors associated with polypharmacy. Its relationship with healthcare utilization was assessed using negative binomial regression and logistic regression. The univariate local indicators of spatial association method was applied to explore spatial patterns of polypharmacy in WV. Results: The prevalence of polypharmacy among WV Medicaid beneficiaries was 44.6%. High-high clusters of polypharmacy were identified in southern WV, indicating counties with above-average prevalence surrounded by counties with above-average prevalence. Polypharmacy was associated with being older, female, eligible for Medicaid due to cash assistance or medical eligibility, having any chronic conditions or more chronic conditions, and living in a county with lower levels of education. Polypharmacy was associated with more hospitalizations, emergency department visits, and outpatient visits, as well as higher non-drug medical expenditures. Conclusions: Polypharmacy was prevalent among WV Medicaid beneficiaries and was associated with substantial healthcare utilization and expenditures. The clustering of high prevalence of polypharmacy in southern WV may suggest targeted strategies to reduce polypharmacy burden in these areas.
Sarcomatoid Carcinoma Manifesting as Recurrent Rectal Cancer and Mimicking Radiation-Induced Extraskeletal Osteosarcoma: A Case Report
Authors: Lee MiJo , Son Hyun-Jin , Jang Je-Ho , Han Hyun-Young , Park Moon Hyang
Published: June 2017

Here, we report an unusual case of sarcomatoid carcinoma mimicking extraskeletal osteosarcoma that manifested as recurrent rectal cancer. Five years earlier, a 76-year-old male patient had undergone neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by a laparoscopic low anterior resection due to adenocarcinoma of the rectum. He was admitted because of pain in the anus and left hip. He underwent abdominal computed tomography that revealed a newly developed left perirectal mass with gluteus maximus invasion measuring up to 8 cm, and therefore, an abdominoperineal resection was performed. Histologically, the tumor revealed sheets of spindled or epithelioid cells, an absence of gland formation, mucicarmine and periodic acid–Schiff stain negativity, and prominent intercellular deposits of osteoid-like calcified tissue. Tumor cells were diffusely immunoreactive for vimentin and cytokeratins. Ultrastructural examination demonstrated microvilli on the surface or within intercellular spaces. In this report, we also discuss the possible pathogenesis as well as the differential diagnosis.
Using Engineering Design Challenges to Engage Elementary Students With Gifts and Talents Across Multiple Content Areas
Authors: Dailey Debbie
Published: June 2017

With the release of the Next Generation Science Standards and the adoption of the standards by many states, teachers are encouraged to use the engineering design process (EDP) as an instructional approach to teaching science. However, teachers have limited time to teach science and will often neglect science in favor of mathematics and literacy instruction. To make this feasible for elementary classrooms, teachers should be encouraged to implement integrated units of study utilizing EDP to cohesively bind content areas and to increase active learning, critical thinking, and problem solving among all learners. An additional benefit of using EDP as an instructional strategy is the focus on problem solving and the avoidance of one size fits all learning. Students actively engage in learning content (science, mathematics, literacy, social studies) as they collaboratively work together to solve societal and environmental problems. Knowledge is built as students progress through the challenges and content is provided on a need to know basis, thereby differentiating instruction based on learner needs and challenging gifted learners. In this article, the author provides four sample engineering challenges that can be used to create an integrated unit of study using the EDP as an instructional strategy.
Social and Emotional Development of Gifted Students: Introducing the School-Based Psychosocial Curriculum Model
Authors: Cross Tracy L. , Cross Jennifer Riedl
Published: June 2017

This column introduces the school-based psychosocial curriculum model. The model incorporates Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development and applies it to a planned program of talent development.
Incorporating diverse understandings of Indigenous identity: toward a broader definition of cultural safety for urban Indigenous youth
Authors: Fast Elizabeth , Drouin-Gagné Marie-Ève , Bertrand Nahka , Bertrand Swaneige , Allouche Zeina
Published: June 2017

This article explores the concept of cultural safety in relation with the diversity of cultural identities experienced by urban Indigenous youth. While the existing literature focuses on educating health care providers on the historical context and resultant disparities in social determinants of health among Indigenous Peoples, little attention has been given to how these histories have impacted the ways in which urban Indigenous Peoples have negotiated their identities. We contend that the numerous ways in which urban Indigenous identities have been impacted by colonial policies have many implications for urban service providers and policy-makers, and for the meaning of cultural safety in this context. Drawing on participatory research that employed Indigenous methodologies, with 20 urban Indigenous youth living in Montreal, we outline some guiding principles in addressing questions of Indigenous identity among urban youth, and their relevance to the definition and application of cultural safety concept and practices.
Open Minds, Open Spaces: Mind-Set Changes During Urban Walking
Authors: Salin Ossi , Pesso Kaija
Published: June 2017

Our interest in this article is to explore how people reshape their mind-sets during walking in different urban places and spaces in the city. We argue that mind-set changes are socially mediated in relation to specific environments. Mentally closed environments can be opened through social interaction and social reflection of meanings of environments and spaces. This process presupposes personal experiences in environments and social closeness with others; it also presupposes familiarization with other people’s social worlds and arenas. We present how people’s interaction with environments, buildings, objects, and artifacts creates new meanings, affects people’s social interaction and appreciations. Theoretical framework for understanding this process is constructed using social worlds/arenas theory based on symbolic interactionism and “embodied placemaking” assumptions. Our methodology of is called video-recorded walking combines principles of walking ethnography and video ethnography. In the analysis, we pay attention to key situations and moments which transform people’s mind-sets.
Underneath the culture of consensus: Transparency, credible commitments and voting in the Council of Ministers
Authors: Finke Daniel
Published: June 2017

The Council of Ministers rarely records negative individual votes, much less rejected proposals. The literature explains this high level of support by the Council’s ‘culture of consensus’ and the few negative votes are explained as signalling to the domestic audience. I introduce an alternative explanation for ministers’ explicit disagreement: during the negotiations preceding the final vote, ministers issue veto threats. To remain credible in the future, they must be prepared to carry through with their threats if their demands are not met. To test this argument, I specify domestic level conditions that enable the minister to issue credible, strategic threats in the first place. Furthermore, I introduce domestic level scrutiny as a proxy for the transparency of EU level negotiations. I find that the effect of strategic threats is strong for those cases which are not under domestic level scrutiny (low transparency). By contrast, I find no effect of strategic threats for cases which are under domestic level scrutiny (high transparency).
Chronometrical Evidence Supports the Model Theory of Negation
Authors: Macbeth Guillermo Eduardo , Crivello María del Carmen , Fioramonti Mauro Bruno , Razumiejczyk Eugenia
Published: June 2017

We aimed to study how compound negation of conjunctions and disjunctions is understood and represented. In particular, we aimed to test time course predictions consistent with the Mental Models Theory of negation proposed in 2012 by Khemlani, Orenes, and Johnson-Laird. Consistent with this theory, we conjectured that the consideration of possibilities elicited by any given information regulates the processing of compound negation. We studied response type patterns to replicate previous findings as well as response time patterns to generate novel chronometrical evidence. We conducted a within-subjects experiment to test a set of five experimental hypotheses. We used a sentence-equivalence task. Participants were asked to find a logical equivalence for a given compound negation of a conjunction or a disjunction. Four possible response options were presented, but only one of them was correct according to sentential logic. We also tested predictions derived from theories that argue against the Mental Models Theory. The evidence resulted consistent with the model theory of negation and incompatible with alternative accounts. In particular, our results did not support the Psychology of Proof and the Dual-Process approach to negation.
Politics of Development
Authors: Karmakar Pallav
Published: June 2017

Land acquisition for development project is not a new topic of discussion at least in a developing nation as ours. In recent times, we happened to have witnessed a wide range of protests and chaos relating to land issues in the country. Land is needed for industrialisation, which is the prime concern for economic growth, but the central concern of development should be the welfare all sections of the society rather than just economic growth. The article aims to understand the complexities of development, keeping land acquisition and its consequences at the forefront. It also focuses on the land acquisition policies in the country and how these policies have evolved over a period of time. More importantly, it analyses the implications of land acquisition, with certain cases being highlighted. Further, an attempt is made to perceive how the land acquisition controversies have affected economic development in the country.
Opportunistic Screening for Exposure to Bullying in the Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Seltzer Marlene , Menoch Margaret , Chen Charity
Published: June 2017

To assess opportunistic screening for exposure to bullying in the pediatric emergency department (ED), an anonymous survey inquiring about exposure to physical, verbal, social, and cyber bullying behaviors was given to ED patients 5 to 18 years old. The survey asked about being the recipient, perpetrator, and/or witness of bullying; the frequency of exposure; liking school; missing school; and presenting complaint. Either the child or parent could complete the survey. A total of 909 surveys were analyzed. Exposure was 78.7%. A greater proportion of females reported being victims and witnesses. Youth who reported being both victims and witnesses represented the largest group, with witness-only the second largest. Parents reported less cyber-bullying and witness status to all types of bullying. For children who did not like school, there was a significant difference in exposure versus nonexposure. There was no association with presenting complaint. Opportunistic screening for bullying exposure in pediatric ED patients warrants consideration as it may increase detection of preclinical status and clinical sequelae.
Acute Testosterone Deficiency Alters Adipose Tissue Fatty Acid Storage
Authors: Santosa Sylvia , Bush Nikki C , Jensen Michael D
Published: June 2017

Context

Although the long-term effects of testosterone on adipose tissue lipid metabolism in men have been defined, the short-term regulation of these effects is not well understood.

Objective

We examined the effects of acute testosterone withdrawal on subcutaneous abdominal and femoral adipose tissue fatty acid (FA) storage and cellular mechanisms.

Design

This was a prospective, randomized trial.

Setting

Mayo Clinic Clinical Research Unit.

Patients or Participants

Thirty-two male volunteers ages 18 to 50 participated in these studies.

Interventions

Volunteers were randomized to receive (1) no treatment (control), (2) injections (7.5 mg) of Lupron®, or (3) Lupron and testosterone (L+T) replacement for 49 days, resulting in 4 weeks of sex steroid suppression in the Lupron group.

Main Outcome Measures

We measured body composition, fat cell size, adipose tissue meal FA and direct free FA storage, lipoprotein lipase (LPL), acyl coenzyme A synthetase (ACS), diacylglycerol acyltransferase activities, and CD36 content.

Results

Compared with control and L+T groups, acute testosterone deficiency resulted in greater femoral adipose tissue meal FA storage rates, fasting and fed LPL activity, and ACS activity.

Conclusions

These results suggest that in men, testosterone plays a tonic role in restraining FA storage in femoral adipose tissue via suppression of LPL and ACS activities. FA storage mechanisms in men appear sensitive to short-term changes in testosterone concentrations.
Branch-and-Price-and-Cut for the Active-Passive Vehicle-Routing Problem
Authors: Tilk Christian , Bianchessi Nicola , Drexl Michael , Irnich Stefan , Meisel Frank
Published: June 2017

This paper presents a branch-and-price-and-cut algorithm for the exact solution of the active-passive vehicle-routing problem (APVRP). The APVRP covers a range of logistics applications where pickup-and-delivery requests necessitate a joint operation of active vehicles (e.g., trucks) and passive vehicles (e.g., loading devices such as containers or swap bodies). The objective is to minimize a weighted sum of the total distance traveled, the total completion time of the routes, and the number of unserved requests. To this end, the problem supports a flexible coupling and decoupling of active and passive vehicles at customer locations. Accordingly, the operations of the vehicles have to be synchronized carefully in the planning. The contribution of the paper is twofold: First, we present an exact branch-and-price-and-cut algorithm for this class of routing problems with synchronization constraints. To our knowledge, this algorithm is the first such approach that considers explicitly the temporal interdependencies between active and passive vehicles. The algorithm is based on a nontrivial network representation that models the logical relationships between the different transport tasks necessary to fulfill a request as well as the synchronization of the movements of active and passive vehicles. Second, we contribute to the development of branch-and-price methods in general, in that we solve, for the first time, an ng-path relaxation of a pricing problem with linear vertex costs by means of a bidirectional labeling algorithm. Computational experiments show that the proposed algorithm delivers improved bounds and solutions for a number of APVRP benchmark instances. It is able to solve instances with up to 76 tasks, four active, and eight passive vehicles to optimality within two hours of CPU time.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2016.0730 .
Water play the childminding way
Authors: Neville Sarah
Published: June 2017

Young children might think that water magically appears from taps whenever we need it, so World Water Week offers the perfect opportunity to broaden their knowledge.
A Review on IoT Security Issues and Countermeasures
Authors: Yashaswini J.
Published: June 2017

Internet of things (IoT) is a system of connected physical objects that are accessible through an internet. The things in IoT is an object that assigned with an IP address and have the ability to collect and transfer the data over a network without manual intervention. As IOT does not need any human to machine interaction, it seems to be one of the largest waves of revolution as per the research going on, hence security is needed. The quick development of IOT has derived with the challenges in terms of security of things. This paper focus on the general security issues in IoT and measures used to overcome with those security issues.
A Tpa-Authentication Scheme for Public Cloud Using Kerberos Protocol
Authors: Agrawal Arpit , Verma Shubhangi
Published: June 2017

Cloud computing is the new generation technology provides the way of sharing of resources, memory, software anything in the form of service using internet. Security is an important and unique phenomenon gives safe and isolated environment. Security model and principles are defined to implement security features with any applications. Confidentiality, authentication and integrity are primary principles for trust establishment. Existing work only concentrates on integrity concept and does not imposes for authentication or access control. A Kerberos based strong authentication scheme has been generated using third party auditing concept to improve the strength of authentication as well as trust on CSP. This work will implement security service architecture to create Kerberos environment and establish communication between Kerberos and CSP. The complete work will be implemented using Java technology and Open Stack serve for public cloud environment.
Cardiovascular Disease Prediction using Data Mining Techniques
Authors: Kirmani Mudasir
Published: June 2017

Cardiovascular disease represents various diseases associated with heart, lymphatic system and circulatory system of human body. World Health Organisation (WHO) has reported that cardiovascular diseases have high mortality rate and high risk to cause various disabilities. Most prevalent causes for cardiovascular diseases are behavioural and food habits like tobacco intake, unhealthy diet and obesity, physical inactivity, ageing and addiction to drugs and alcohol are to name few. Factors such as hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, Stress and other ailments are at high risk to cardiovascular diseases. There have been different techniques to predict the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in general and heart disease in particular from time to time by implementing variety of algorithms. Detection and management of cardiovascular diseases can be achieved by using computer based predictive tool in data mining. By implementing data mining based techniques there is scope for better and reliable prediction and diagnosis of heart diseases. In this study we studied various available techniques like decision Tree and its variants, Naive Bayes, Neural Networks, Support Vector Machine, Fuzzy Rules, Genetic Algorithms, and Ant Colony Optimization to name few. The observations illustrated that it is difficult to name a single machine learning algorithm for the diagnosis and prognosis of CVD. The study further contemplates on the behaviour, selection and number of factors required for efficient prediction.
Website Design of Indian Central Universities: Issues and Challenges
Authors: kirmani Mudasir , Saif Syed
Published: June 2017

World has shrunk into logically small e-village where everyone can communicate with every other person with great ease via both audio and visual media. The existence of being a global village has only been possible with interconnected communication links connecting users from geographically distant areas. The most predominant media for achieving this is with the help of well developed website. Educational institutions play vital role in reshaping any nation by imbibing quality attributes in culture, civilization and modernization. The information available on websites of educational institutions has become very important for prospective students and at present most of the universities are completing the process of admissions online with websites as mediators. Therefore, the need of the hour is to have updated and informative websites with ease of access. A key feature of the ongoing growth of Worldwide Web over the past decade has seen proliferation of web portals and mobile applications that focus on supporting education. The main aim of this research work is to study websites of central universities established post 2004 to explore their quality parameters and to get an insight into the challenges faced by prospective users. The research work recommends a common design framework for all central universities in order to help prospective users with understanding and usage of central universities websites.
The role of crises in the production, destruction and restructuring of tourist spaces. The case of the Balearic Islands
Authors: Murray Mas Ivan , Yrigoy Cadena Ismael , Blázquez Salom Macià
Published: June 2017

The outbreak of the Great Crisis in 2008 has awakened the interest in the role of crisis within social sciences. Nevertheless, broadly speaking, tourism studies have given very little attention to the moments of crisis. In the case of the Balearic Islands, while there are important works on the historical evolution of the tourist space, those tend to consider crises as blank moments. For this reason, this article focuses on the role played by crises in the production of the Balearics’ space, by analyzing both moments of destruction and restructuring of the political economy. From the understanding of the different crises, from the Civil War to the present, we can conclude that the booms of the Balearic Islands are the indisputable fruit of those crises.
La experiencia de la calidad de servicio online como antecedente de la satisfacción online: estudio empírico en los sitios web de viajes
Authors: Sarmiento Guede José Ramón
Published: June 2017

El propósito del presente trabajo de investigación fue conocer la relación entre las principales dimensiones que forman la calidad de servicio online (experiencia de compra, diseño, seguridad, información y comunicación) con la satisfacción de los usuarios de los sitios web de viajes. Se utilizaron técnicas cualitativas y cuantitativas para analizar dicha relación. Los resultados de análisis mostraron que si existe una relación entre dichas dimensiones analizadas y la satisfacción de los usuarios, siendo la experiencia de compra la más determinante y la comunicación la que menos. Por lo tanto, los sitios web de viajes deben mejorar la interactividad con los usuarios mediante la utilización de los Medios Sociales y así poder mejorar la percepción de la calidad del sitio web de viajes.
Wie viel Strahlendosis für wen? Lange Lagerung, Offenhaltung und ein langer Entsorgungsprozess bedeuten zusätzliche Dosis für Beschäftigte
Authors: Walther Clemens , Riemann Moritz
Published: June 2017

Bei der Entsorgung hoch radioaktiver Abfälle konkurrieren verschiedene Ansprüche an den Strahlenschutz. Die Umsetzung einer möglichst nachsorgefreien Entsorgungsoption benötigt Zeit, welche eine höhere Strahlenexposition für Beschäftigte an Zwischenlagerstandorten
bedeutet. Analoges gilt für die Wahrnehmung einer Rückholungsoption. In beiden Fällen sind Beschäftigte einer höheren Belastung ausgesetzt, um die Expositionsrisiken für die Bevölkerung zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt zu senken. Wir betrachten die Abwägung
zwischen verschiedenen Risikogruppen und beleuchten das Problem des double standard bezüglich Beschäftigten und Bevölkerung.
Plutopia: Kalter Krieg, Kernfamilien und Konsumparadiese
Authors: Winiwarter Verena
Published: June 2017

Viele Arbeiter (innen) sind bei der Herstellung von Plutonium sowie durch Störfälle in Plutoniumfabriken in Ost und West radioaktiv kontaminiert worden. Gleichzeitig genossen sie zahlreiche Privilegien, die sie zufrieden- und ruhigstellten. Dahinter verbirgt sich eine fatale
Logik, die bis heute in die Gesellschaft hineinwirkt: Konsumgüter als Gegenleistung für den Verzicht auf das Recht auf die Unversehrtheit des Körpers.
Was kosten uns Lebensmittel wirklich? Ansätze zur Internalisierung externer Effekte der Landwirtschaft am Beispiel Stickstoff
Authors: Gaugler Tobias , Michalke Amelie
Published: June 2017

Die Preise, die Verbraucher(innen) für Lebensmittel bezahlen, spiegeln deren wahre Kosten nur unzureichend wider. Eine Studie der Universität Augsburg ermittelte die gesellschaftlichen Kosten hoher Stickstoffbelastung und präsentiert Vorschläge für verursachergerechte
Preisaufschläge.
Nuclear Waste in the Anthropocene: Uncertainties and Unforeseeable Timescales in the Disposal of Nuclear Waste
Authors: Brunnengräber Achim , Görg Christoph
Published: June 2017

From a scientific perspective, in particular following the Working Group on the Anthropocene of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (WGA-ISC), the major challenge for determining the Anthropocene and its start is the search for a “golden spike”. The WGA-ISC
agreed on nuclear fallout from disasters. For a full understanding of the Anthropocene, it however seems necessary to go further than that. We obtain a much broader understanding of the challenges that the new era represents for humanity if we take into account the so-called civilian use of
nuclear energy and in particular the challenges posed by nuclear waste ‐ long timescales and scientific uncertainties.
Green chemistry education in the Middle East
Authors: Kolopajlo Larry
Published: June 2017

The Middle East once dominated the age of alchemy, and today it is experiencing a resurgence by transforming the age of petroleum chemicals into a greener science through
Computational methods in preformulation study for pharmaceutical solid dosage forms of therapeutic proteins
Authors: Majee Sutapa Biswas , Biswas Gopa Roy
Published: June 2017

Design and delivery of protein-based biopharmaceuticals needs detailed planning and strict monitoring of intermediate processing steps, storage conditions and container-closure system to ensure a stable, elegant and biopharmaceutically acceptable dosage form. Selection of manufacturing process variables and conditions along with packaging specifications can be achieved through properly designed preformulation study protocol for the formulation. Thermodynamic stability and biological activity of therapeutic proteins depend on folding–unfolding and three-dimensional packing dynamics of amino acid network in the protein molecule. Lack of favourable environment may cause protein aggregation with loss in activity and even fatal immunological reaction. Although lyophilization can enhance the stability of protein-based formulations in the solid state, it can induce protein unfolding leading to thermodynamic instability. Formulation stabilizers such as preservatives can also result in aggregation of therapeutic proteins. Modern instrumental techniques in conjunction with computational tools enable rapid and accurate prediction of amino acid sequence, thermodynamic parameters associated with protein folding and detection of aggregation “hot-spots.” Globular proteins pose a challenge during investigations on their aggregation propensity. Biobetter therapeutic monoclonal antibodies with enhanced stability, solubility and reduced immunogenic potential can be designed through mutation of aggregation-prone zones. The objective of the present review article is to focus on the various analytical methods and computational approaches used in the study of thermodynamic stability and aggregation tendency of therapeutic proteins, with an aim to develop optimal and marketable formulation. Knowledge of protein dynamics through application of computational tools will provide the essential inputs and relevant information for successful and meaningful completion of preformulation studies on solid dosage forms of therapeutic proteins.
Simple Expression Domains Are Regulated by Discrete CRMs During Drosophila Oogenesis
Authors: Revaitis Nicole T , Marmion Robert A , Farhat Maira , Ekiz Vesile , Wang Wei , Yakoby Nir
Published: June 2017

Eggshell patterning has been extensively studied in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the cis-regulatory modules (CRMs), which control spatiotemporal expression of these patterns, are vastly unexplored. The FlyLight collection contains >7000 intergenic and intronic DNA fragments that, if containing CRMs, can drive the transcription factor GAL4. We cross-listed the 84 genes known to be expressed during D. melanogaster oogenesis with the ∼1200 listed genes of the FlyLight collection, and found 22 common genes that are represented by 281 FlyLight fly lines. Of these lines, 54 show expression patterns during oogenesis when crossed to an UAS-GFP reporter. Of the 54 lines, 16 recapitulate the full or partial pattern of the associated gene pattern. Interestingly, while the average DNA fragment size is ∼3 kb in length, the vast majority of fragments show one type of spatiotemporal pattern in oogenesis. Mapping the distribution of all 54 lines, we found a significant enrichment of CRMs in the first intron of the associated genes’ model. In addition, we demonstrate the use of different anteriorly active FlyLight lines as tools to disrupt eggshell patterning in a targeted manner. Our screen provides further evidence that complex gene patterns are assembled combinatorially by different CRMs controlling the expression of genes in simple domains.
Speaker Identification in Whisper
Authors: Foulkes Paul , Smith India , Sóskuthy Márton
Published: June 2017

Sociophonetic methods and findings have value in application to real-life issues, including providing expert forensic evidence in legal cases. Forensic cases often involve voices which differ markedly from those typically encountered in laboratory or field studies. We assess the ability of people to identify familiar voices produced in whisper, a commonly used form of disguise. Members of a pre-existing social network were recorded speaking normally and in whisper. Speakers found it difficult to maintain whisper beyond 30 seconds. They and other members of the group listened to extracts that were (i) short and whispered, (ii) long and whispered, and (iii) short and normal (non-whispered). Foils were also included. Performance was well above chance, and improved significantly in conditions (ii) and (iii). Differences were found across listeners and voices. The study emphasises how important is it not to overgeneralise from experimental data to a witness’s ability under forensic conditions.********************************************************************Identificação de falante a partir de fala sussurradaResumo: Os métodos e achados sociofonéticos são valiosos para aplicação a questões da vida real, como no fornecimento de evidência forense pericial em casos legais. Os casos forenses envolvem vozes que se diferem marcadamente daquelas tipicamente encontradas em laboratório ou estudos de campo. Avaliamos a habilidade de pessoas de identificar vozes familiares produzidas de forma sussurrada, uma estratégia de disfarce comumente utilizada. Membros de uma rede social pré-existente foram gravados falando normalmente e de forma sussurrada. Os falantes consideraram difícil manter o sussurro por mais do que 30 segundos. Esses falantes e outros membros do grupo ouviram trechos que foram (i) curtos e sussurrados; (ii) longos e sussurrados e (iii) curtos e normais (não sussurrados). Distratores foram incluídos. A performance foi bem acima do acaso e melhorou significativamente nas condições (ii) e (iii). Diferenças foram encontradas entre falantes e vozes. O estudo enfatiza o quanto é importante não supergeneralizar a partir de dados experimentais quanto à habilidade da testemunha sob condições forenses.Palavras-chave: Sociofonética; Fonética Forense; Sussurro
La diferencia entre los otros: homofobia en el discurso subalterno
Authors: Reyes Rivas Roxana
Published: June 2017

Se parte del Análisis Crítico del Discurso (ACD) para explicar cómo se utiliza dicho discurso para establecer prácticas de poder al interior de grupos subalternos. En efecto, un grupo en desventaja, como respuesta a la discriminación que recibe, puede utilizar y legitimar discursos hegemónicos –igualmente discriminatorios– de los que se pueda considerar titular, como lo son los del machismo y la homofobia. En este trabajo nos ocuparemos del discurso homofóbico y su articulación en un grupo subalternizado en Costa Rica: los nicaragüenses. Primero, se explicará cómo se establece la matriz de poder que legitima el discurso homofóbico y, de forma posterior, como ejemplo, se analizará el video “Enrique Flores habla de los ticos”, del comediante nicaragüense Reynaldo Ruíz, para mostrar cómo este usa el discurso homofóbico para responder a la xenofobia costarricense y, a su vez, establecer una jerarquía por orientación sexual y género, tanto dentro, como fuera de su propio grupo, repercutiendo en la nacionalidad.
Matriz curricular estandarizada para la empleabilidad, identidades socioculturales, desigualdad y exclusión educativa en Costa Rica
Authors: Muñoz Varela Luis
Published: June 2017

Este ensayo se propone ofrecer un análisis y una discusión crítica en torno a tres aspectos que hoy representan situaciones problema en el contexto del sistema educativo costarricense: a) el proyecto educativo basado en una matriz curricular estandarizada, cuya finalidad privilegia la formación educativa para la empleabilidad; b) la puesta entre paréntesis de las identidades socioculturales de las poblaciones estudiantiles y, en su lugar, la instauración de una misma directriz de codificaciones cognitivas y actitudinales; c) la desigualdad y la exclusión educativas hoy vigentes en el sistema educativo nacional. Se concluye que la inculcación del así denominado Curriculum Nacional Básico deriva en una matriz curricular estandarizada para la empleabilidad y que ello conduce a una situación sistémica de desigualdad y exclusión para diversas poblaciones estudiantiles del país.
La retórica escondida en La perfecta casada de fray Luis de León
Authors: Gómez Laguna Isaac
Published: June 2017

León es una obra profundamente imbuida por la retórica, algo que la crítica siempre ha pasado por alto. Para alcanzar este objetivo atendemos al modo en que este arte era entendido en el contexto español del siglo XVI; es decir, como heredero del clasicismo pagano pero muy influenciado por la evolución y necesidades del Cristianismo. Una vez aclarado este punto, analizamos la estructura general de La perfecta casada y la de sus capítulos, con la intención de desvelar las características estructurales, los recursos, los lugares comunes y los rasgos de estilo sobre los que recae la principal fuerza e intención retórica de la obra.Nuestro objetivo final es evidenciar no solo que La perfecta casada se ajusta perfectamente a las características de la retórica de su época, sino también que fray Luis de León era muy consciente de ello cuando la compuso.
Interpretaciones éticas de tres relatos sobre violencia política en Guatemala (1960-1996)
Authors: Ramírez Membrillo Alfredo , Hurtado Heras Saúl , Martínez Rebollar Lino , Melchor Díaz Guadalupe
Published: June 2017

El trabajo postula una aproximación interpretativa a tres cuentos en torno al conflicto bélico en Guatemala (1960-1996), seleccionados a partir de una cualidad temática: las historias poseen personajes sobre los cuales no se afirma explícitamente si comulgan ideológica o militarmente con alguno de los bandos en conflicto y, sin embargo, sufren las consecuencias de la violencia. Los cuentos son los siguientes: “Adriana” de Arturo Monterroso, “Mañana nunca lo hablamos” de Eduardo Halfon y “El testigo” de Víctor Muñoz. Se asume la premisa de que la narrativa ficcional sobre violencia política rebasa el mero propósito de generar eficacia estética internándose, en definitiva, en los terrenos de la representación histórica, lo cual, en última instancia, supone implicaciones de carácter ético.
ВПЛИВ ПАРАМЕТРІВ ЛУЩЕННЯ ТА ВОДОТЕПЛОВОЇ ОБРОБКИ ЗЕРНА НА ВИХІД І КУЛІНАРНУ ОЦІНКУ ПЛЮЩЕНОЇ КРУПИ ІЗ ПШЕНИЦІ СПЕЛЬТИ
Authors: ВОЗІЯН В. В.
Published: June 2017

В результаті проведених досліджень встановлено, що вихід крупи плющеної найбільше залежав від тривалості лущення. Найбільший вихід плющеної крупи із пшениці спельти отримано за лущення зерна протягом 20 хв., який за 5хвилинного пропарювання змінювався від 96,8 % за відволожування впродовж 5 хв, 97,1 – за 10-хвилиного і 97,3 % – за 15хвилинного відволожування. Пропарювання зерна впродовж 10 хв забезпечувало подібний вихід готового продукту. Проте 15-хвилинне відволожування зменшувало на 2–3 % вихід плющеної крупи (95,1–95,4 %). Збільшення індексу лущення істотно змінювало вихід плющеної крупи із пшениці спельти. Так, за 5-хвилинного пропарювання та відволожування вихід крупи зменшувався з 97,9 до 92,3 % за індексу лущення 15,6 %. Проте за індексу лущення 9–15 % зростала роль пропарювання цілої крупи. За 11-відсоткового лущення вихід крупи за тривалості пропарювання 5 хв становив 92,2–93,3 % залежно від тривалості відволожування. За 10-хвилинногопропарювання цей показник становив 94,4–95,5, а за 15-хвилинного пропарювання – 94,8–95,4 %. Залежно від тривалості пропарювання. Подібну закономірність отриманого за вищого індексу лущення. Каша із зерна пшениці спельти характеризувалась високою кулінарною оцінкою. За індексу лущення зерна 2,8–3,9 % цей показник становив 6,6 балів. Збільшення індексу лущення зерна до 4,7 % підвищувало кулінарну оцінку до 7,4 балів. 7,8 балів мала каша за індексу лущення зерна 7,2–9,1 %. Найвищу кулінарну оцінку 8,6 та 9 балів мала каша з індексом лущення 10,9–12,5 та 13,7–15,6 % відповідно. На основі аналізу отриманих даних можна зробити висновок, що для зерна пшениці спельти рекомендовано під час виробництва крупи плющеної проводити пропарювання і відволожування впродовж п’яти хвилин та лущити протягом 120–140 с, що дорівнює індексу лущення 10,9–12,5 % та має високу кулінарну оцінку – 8,6 балів
ФЕРМЕНТНИЙ ПРЕПАРАТ “КЛЕРІЗИМ ГРАНУЛЬОВАНИЙ” В ГОДІВЛІ РЕМОНТНОГО МОЛОДНЯКУ КУРЕЙ-НЕСУЧОК
Authors: КАРУНСЬКИЙ О. Й.
Published: June 2017

В статті представлено огляд літературних даних про фермент лізоцим та його використання в годівлі тварин. Викладено методику досліду з вивчення використання ферменту лізоцим, що випускається у вигляді ферментного препарату під торговою назвою «Клерізим гранульований» в годівлі ремонтного молодняку курей-несучок. Дослід проводиться в господарстві ТОВ «Еко-ферма Зоря» Саратського району Одеської області. Об’єктом для дослідження було обрано ремонтний молодняк курей породи Адлерівська срібляста у віці 10 днів та сформовано 3 піддослідні групи: І контрольна, ІІ та ІІІ дослідні групи по 50 голів в кожній. Для досліду було використано ферментний препарат під торговою назвою «Клерізим гранульований» (CLERIZYM GRANULATE), який буде додаватися в 2 та 3 дослідні групи до повноцінного комбікорму з розрахунку 0,3 кг/т та 0,4 кг/т відповідно. Тривалість проведення досліду 140 днів. Метою досліду є визначення оптимальної дози введення ферментного препарату «Клерізим гранульований» до повнораціонного комбікорму, що дасть максимальне збільшення живої маси на ранніх етапах годівлі, збільшення приростів живої маси ремонтних курочок, підвищення збереженості поголів'я та зменшення витрат корму на вирощування В результаті використання в годівлі ферментного препарату “Клерізим гранульований”, стало відомо, що жив маса дослідних курочок ІІ-ої та ІІІ-ої груп впродовж всього досліду була вищою в середньому 2 і 3,8 % порівняно з контрольною. Також закономірна різниця простежується в показниках абсолютного, середньодобового та відносних приростів. Максимальною різницею в показниках абсолютного та середньодобового приростів живої маси дослідних курочок була у віці 60 днів, яка складала 4,11 і 7,86 % в порівнянні з контрольною групою. Було встановлено, що використання ферментного препарату «Клерізим гранульований» в годівлі ремонтного молодняку курей-несучок позитивно впливає на їх ріст, що характеризують абсолютні та середньодобові прирости ІІ–ої і ІІІ–ої дослідних груп. Максимальний результат показала ІІІ–я дослідна група, отже оптимальна норма введення ферментного препарату в раціон складає 0,4 кг на тону комбікорму.