bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Miniaturized equal/unequal Wilkinson power dividers capable of harmonic suppression utilizing microstrip π-shaped resonators modified by lumped elements
Authors: Abdipour Ashkan , Makki Seyed Vahab Al-Din
Published: March 2024

In this paper, modified π-shaped resonator composed of both microstrip transmission lines and lumped elements are employed to design a Wilkinson power divider. Utilizing these resonators leads to designing a compact divider featuring a selectable operating frequency with optional power division ratio and very wide-range harmonic suppression. To vary the operating frequency and the power division ratio, the values of just the utilized lumped elements are changed without manipulating the dimensions of microstrip lines. As a design sample, a miniaturized divider capable of operating at four frequencies i.e., 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2 GHz with optional equal or unequal power division and harmonic suppression ability at each of these frequencies is designed and simulated. Finally, as a feasible sample, another Wilkinson power divider which can optionally operate at 700 MHz with equal power division or 1.2 GHz with unequal power division is designed and implemented. Based on the measurement results, the spurious harmonics from 2nd to 25th in the 700 MHz-divider and 2nd to 15th in the 1.2 GHz-divider are suppressed. Moreover, almost 96% and 93% size reduction at 700 MHz and 1.2 GHz, respectively, are achieved. The S21 and S31of the unequal divider are − 8.8 and − 3.73 dB, which indicate an unequal 3.2:1 power division.
Predicting reduced left atrial appendage velocity from echocardiographic left atrial function parameters in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing catheter ablation
Authors: Uziębło-Życzkowska Beata , Kiliszek Marek , Maciorowska Małgorzata , Potapowicz-Krysztofiak Magdalena , Krzyżanowski Krystian , Jurek Agnieszka , Krzesiński Paweł
Published: March 2024

Decreased left atrial appendage velocity (LAAV) is considered a significant risk factor thrombus formation in the left atrial appendage (LAA). The aim of this study was to assess the role of echocardiographic left atrial (LA) function parameters in predicting LAAV in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) undergoing catheter ablation. We prospectively enrolled consecutive patients with persistent AF undergoing transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) directly before the first AF ablation in 2019–2022. Of the 150 patients enrolled in the study, 29.3% (n = 44) had reduced LAAV values defined as < 25 cm/s. Patients with decreased LAAV values exhibited significantly reduced left atrial reservoir and conduit strain (LASr and LAScd), LA emptying fraction, and average e′ values. This group also presented with a high LA stiffness index (LASI), high LA and right atrial area, and high LA volume index (LAVI) and E/e′ ratio. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, LASI and LAVI remained significant predictors of the reduced LAAV. The threshold values were 1.6 for LASI and 44.47 ml/m2 for LAVI, with area under the curve values of 0.809 and 0.755, respectively. Among all noninvasive echocardiographic parameters, LASI and LAVI were found to be the best predictors of reduced LAAV, with good sensitivity and specificity. Moreover, LASI was found to be the only significant predictor of reduced LAAV defined as < 20 cm/s as well as < 25 cm/s.
Atomistic description of conductive bridge formation in two-dimensional material based memristor
Authors: Mitra Sanchali , Mahapatra Santanu
Published: March 2024

In-memory computing technology built on 2D material-based nonvolatile resistive switches (aka memristors) has made great progress in recent years. It has however been debated whether such remarkable resistive switching is an inherent property of the 2D materials or if the metal electrode plays any role? Can the metal atoms penetrate through the crystalline 2D materials to form conductive filaments as observed in amorphous oxide-based memristors? To find answers, here we investigate MoS2and h-BN-based devices with electrochemically passive and active (metal) electrodes using reactive molecular dynamics with a charge equilibration approach. We find that the SET and RESET processes in active electrode-based multilayer devices involve the formation and disruption of metal filaments linking the two electrodes exclusively through the grain boundaries, the configuration of which affects the volatility of the resistive switching. Whereas the switching mechanisms in passive electrode-based devices require the formation of interlayer B-N bonds and popping of the S atom to the Mo plane at the point defects. We also show that metal atom adsorption at the point defects causes resistive switching in monolayer MoS2. Our atomic-level understanding provides explanations to the apparently contradictory experimental findings and enables defect-engineering guidelines in 2D materials for such disruptive technology.
Inhibition of complement C3 prevents osteoarthritis progression in guinea pigs by blocking STAT1 activation
Authors: Xu Jen X. , Xu Frank Z. , Furbish Amelia , Braxton Alicia M. , Brumfield Brook , Helke Kristi L. , Peterson Yuri K.
Published: March 2024

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the leading causes of disability, affecting over 500 million adults worldwide. Previous studies have found that various inflammatory factors can contribute to the pathogenesis of OA, including complement factors in the synovial fluid of OA patients. However, the pathogenesis of this disease is still not known, and the only therapy of severe OA is total joint replacements. Total joint replacements are invasive, expensive, and affect quality of life. Here we show that when human articular chondrocytes are stimulated with pro-inflammatory mediator interleukin-1β (IL-1β) there is an increase in inflammatory factors including complement component 3 (C3). We also found the transcription factor, signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), is responsible for increased C3 expression after IL-1β stimulation in human articular chondrocytes. A specific STAT1 inhibitor, fludarabine, attenuates the hyper-expression of C3 and delays/prevents spontaneous OA in Dunkin-Hartley guinea pigs. Since fludarabine is already clinically used for chemotherapy, this study has great translational potential as a unique disease-modifying osteoarthritis drug (DMOAD) in treating primary OA.
Computational mechanistic investigation of the kinetic resolution of α-methyl-phenylacetaldehyde by norcoclaurine synthase
Authors: Zhang Shiqing , Zhang Chenghua , Guo Aijing , Liu Baoyan , Su Hao , Sheng Xiang
Published: March 2024

Norcoclaurine synthase from Thalictrum flavum (TfNCS) demonstrated high stereospecificity and yield in catalyzing the Pictet-Spengler reaction of dopamine with chiral aldehydes, achieving kinetic resolution of aldehydes. However, the mechanism and the factors contributing to the stereoselectivity remain unclear. Herein, by using quantum chemical calculations, the mechanisms of TfNCS-catalyzed reactions of dopamine with both enantiomers of α-methyl-phenylacetaldehyde are studied. The calculations reveal a mechanism mirroring the reaction of natural substrates, for which the deprotonation of the C5−H of the cyclized intermediate is rate-limiting. The calculated overall barriers are 20.1 kcal mol-1 and 21.6 kcal mol-1 for the reactions of (R)- and (S)-α-methyl-phenylacetaldehyde, respectively. The M97 and L72 residues are proposed to be the key residues contributing to the stereospecificity. The obtained detailed information is helpful for designing new variants of TfNCS with extended substrate scope, and also advancing our understanding of TfNCS reactions for potential applications.
Anti-repeating earthquakes and how to explain them
Authors: Cesca Simone , Niemz Peter , Dahm Torsten , Ide Satoshi
Published: March 2024

Repeating earthquakes, or repeaters, affecting overlapping rupture patches with a similar focal mechanism, have important implications to track fault slip rates, aseismic deformation, slow earthquakes and earthquake nucleation processes. They are often detected based on highly similar waveforms. Here, we discuss earthquakes with highly anti-correlated waveforms, denoting a reversed seismogenic process at the same or a neighbouring location, which we refer to as true and quasi anti-repeaters. We first report a range such observations in different environments, including volcano seismicity, intermediate depth seismicity and injection-induced microseismicity. Then, we review conceptual models proposed to explain them. True and quasi anti-repeaters can be robustly identified via a three-component single station or distributed network data. They are key indicators for stress perturbation transients or local stress heterogeneities. Since most of these observations were explained as the response to fluid migration processes, they may help to identify and track fluid movements in the subsurface.
The online metacognitive control of decisions
Authors: Bénon Juliette , Lee Douglas , Hopper William , Verdeil Morgan , Pessiglione Mathias , Vinckier Fabien , Bouret Sebastien , Rouault Marion , Lebouc Raphael , Pezzulo Giovanni , Schreiweis Christiane , Burguière Eric , Daunizeau Jean
Published: March 2024

Difficult decisions typically involve mental effort, which scales with the deployment of cognitive (e.g., mnesic, attentional) resources engaged in processing decision-relevant information. But how does the brain regulate mental effort? A possibility is that the brain optimizes a resource allocation problem, whereby the amount of invested resources balances its expected cost (i.e. effort) and benefit. Our working assumption is that subjective decision confidence serves as the benefit term of the resource allocation problem, hence the “metacognitive” nature of decision control. Here, we present a computational model for the online metacognitive control of decisions or oMCD. Formally, oMCD is a Markov Decision Process that optimally solves the ensuing resource allocation problem under agnostic assumptions about the inner workings of the underlying decision system. We demonstrate how this makes oMCD a quasi-optimal control policy for a broad class of decision processes, including -but not limited to- progressive attribute integration. We disclose oMCD’s main properties (in terms of choice, confidence and response time), and show that they reproduce most established empirical results in the field of value-based decision making. Finally, we discuss the possible connections between oMCD and most prominent neurocognitive theories about decision control and mental effort regulation.
Materials, electrodes, and system design for heterogeneous electro-Fenton remediation
Authors: Neale Z. G. , Long J. W. , Rolison D. R. , Chervin C. N. , Bird L. J. , DeBlock R. H. , Novak T. G.
Published: March 2024

Urbanization, industrialization, and changing climate challenge our ability to provide clean water to a growing global population. This challenge is further exacerbated by the widespread presence and persistence of organic pollutants that resist degradation by conventional methods to treat wastewater. Heterogeneous electro-Fenton methods are emerging as an effective route for the remediation of refractory organic species. In this chapter, we give an overview of electro-Fenton systems, discussing such characteristics as materials and electrode design for H2O2 generation, Fenton catalysis, and anodic oxidation. Photo- and bio-electro-Fenton systems are introduced, and design influences of electro-Fenton flow reactors are considered. Finally, we give our perspective on the state of research on heterogeneous electro-Fenton systems and discuss the need for more standardization in determining pollutant-degradation performance from lab scale to practical electro-Fenton applications.
Site-specific RNA modification via initiation of in vitro transcription reactions with m6A and isomorphic emissive adenosine analogs
Authors: Cong Deyuan , Steinbuch Kfir B. , Koyama Ryosuke , Lam Tyler V. , Lam Jamie Y. , Tor Yitzhak
Published: March 2024

Transcription reactions with excess adenosine surrogates leads to 5′-end modified transcripts, which can be ligated to diverse RNAs. By modifying a key position in a MazF RNA substrate, insight into the folding and recognition features is gained.
Gold nanoparticle-loaded MoS2 nanosheets with peroxidase-like and pyranose oxidase-like activities for bio-enzyme-free visual detection of glucose, xylose and galactose
Authors: Fu Shilan , Liu Junfeng , Wu Siqi , Zhang Lin , Zhang Xu , Fu FengFu
Published: March 2024

A dual-active nanozyme simultaneously possessing peroxidase-like and POx-like activities was prepared by loading Au NPs on MoS2 nanosheets and used for developing bio-enzyme-free colorimetric methods for detection of glucose, xylose and galactose.
Copper selenide/amino hyperbranched polymer as an organic/inorganic hybrid composite cathode for rechargeable magnesium batteries
Authors: Ran Lin , Li Hao , Xu Fei , Zhang Daohong , Li Ting
Published: March 2024

An organic/inorganic hybrid cathode is used for rechargeable magnesium batteries. Large interphase favors charge transfer, coordination of Cu2+ by the polymer enhances cyclability, and elastic matrix buffers volume change of conversion reaction.
The influence of a complex of amino acids of plant origin with microelements on the yield and quality of apple trees
Authors: Mukhina M.T. , Lammas M.E. , Korshunov A.A. , Borovik R.A.
Published: March 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the influence of a complex of amino acids of plant origin with microelements on the yield and quality of the Lobo apple tree in 2019-2020. In our studies, we studied the effect of a complex of amino acids of plant origin with microelements in three doses of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 l/ha on the main factors of plant development to obtain a high-quality yield. We have found that during the growing seasons 2019–2020. When assessing the effect of two-time foliar feeding of apple trees of the Lobo variety with amino acids of plant origin + microelements, a positive effect of the fertilizer was found, most manifested at a fertilizer consumption of 1.5 l/ha and a working solution of 800 l/ha. Thus, the use of an agrochemical contributed to the development of generative productivity of plants: an increase in yield in 2019 by 13.9%, by 14.5% in 2020, the average weight of one fruit - by 12.1% in 2019, by 16.4% in 2020, fruit set - in 2019 by 0.4%, in 2020 by 0.6%, as well as in improving the biochemical parameters of the fruit. The vitamin C content in 2019 in this variant was 11.8%, in 2020 – 10.4%.
Improvement of the modeling system of mineral fertilizer use efficiency in agriculture
Authors: Djurayev Bekzod , Fayziyeva Shirin , Samiyeva Gulnoza , Sultanov Bakhadir
Published: March 2024

Chemical preparations used in agriculture and their effects are studied in the article. Also, the effect and composition of mineral fertilizers on the growth of food production was analyzed. At the same time, the interdependence of all the factors used in the production process was determined and evaluated in the evaluation of the additional productivity obtained due to the use of mineral fertilizers. At the same time, the impact of mineral fertilizers used in agriculture on climate change has been scientifically evaluated. It is necessary to take into account that the productivity of agricultural crops is influenced not only by mineral fertilizers, but also by the type of crops, soil fertility, geographical location, and the knowledge and experience of farmers.
Dynamics of changes in the content of proteoglycans in the tissues of the cerebellum of rats under the influence of hypokinesia
Authors: Rozhentsev Mikhail , Rozhentsev Alexey , Dotsenko Evgeny , Semerkhanova Nailya , Abdullin Rif
Published: March 2024

The article reflects the dynamics of changes in the content of proteoglycans in preparations that were taken from the cerebellum of experimental animals after modeling hypokinesia. Laboratory animals were removed from the experiment at different time intervals (3, 7, 14, 21 and 30 days of simulated hypokinesia) to identify the dynamics of changes in proteoglycan content using histochemical studies. The experiment was carried out on laboratory rats of the Vistar breed. The animals were divided into two groups: control and experimental. All laboratory rats were kept under standard vivarium conditions. The experiment is based on the model of hypokinesia proposed by E. A. Kovalenko. Complex studies showed the dynamics of changes in the content of proteoglycans, which were not homogeneous at different stages of the experiment. However, despite the different trends in the dynamics of the content of various fractional components of proteoglycans, one can note a general trend towards a decrease in proteoglycans. This indicates a negative effect of hypokinesia on the productive function of cerebellar tissue in experimental animals.
Productivity and milk quality indicators of cows of the created “Bashkir type” black-and-white breed with the introduction of the balanced energy complex “Felucen K1-2” into the diet
Authors: Akmukhametov Ildar , Nigmatyanov Azat , Tagirov Khamit
Published: March 2024

The volume and quality of milk are the determining indicators of the efficiency of dairy farming. The diet of dairy cows has a significant impact on the biological parameters of milk productivity and production characteristics of milk. The work was carried out to determine the optimal dosage of the energy complex “Felucen K1-2” in the diet of cows of the created “Bashkir type” black-and-white breed in the conditions of the agricultural production complex “Hero” of the Chekmagushevsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan. To achieve this goal, milk productivity was determined for 100 days of lactation, for 305 days, and also determined the dynamics of average daily milk yield by month of lactation. For the experiment, 48 cows were selected, divided into 4 groups of 12 animals each. The energy complex “Felucen K1-2” was added to the diet of cows in the experimental groups in the amount of 250 g, 300 and 350 g of the additive per animal per day. The results of the studies indicate an increase in the mass fraction of fat and protein in milk from cows that consumed the energy complex. This is observed both in dynamics over the months of the experiment and in the total amount for the entire period of research. The use of the additive in the diet of animals showed its effectiveness and contributed to an increase in milk yield per cow and improvement in the quality of milk, while the maximum effectiveness was observed at an average dosage (300 g per day per cow).
Improving the quality of beef and its use in the production of enriched minced semi-finished products
Authors: Zubairova Liliya , Mironova Irina , Khabibullin Ilmir , Salikhov Azat , Khabibullin Ruzel
Published: March 2024

The possibility of obtaining finished products with stable quality indicators primarily depends on the composition and properties of the main raw materials used in the production of meat products. The production of high-quality meat raw materials is possible provided that the causes causing the appearance of defective meat are eliminated. In this regard, it has been proposed to use an adaptogen of animal nature - drone homogenate - as part of the feed ration when feeding bulls raised for meat. For the bulls of the experimental groups, drone homogenate was added to the main diet in the form of a tincture at the rate of 0.005 - 0.015 ml per 1 kg of body weight. It was experimentally established that its use contributed to a more enhanced synthesis of feed nutrients, which had a positive effect on the quantity and quality of meat products obtained. By the end of fattening, the young animals of the experimental groups were superior to their peers from the control group in terms of pre-slaughter weight by 9.0-13.6 kg, and in terms of slaughter yield - by 0.1-0.6 kg. The meat of bulls from the experimental groups had a higher nutritional value. The greatest effect was achieved when an adaptogen was included in the diet at a dosage of 0.01 ml per 1 kg of live weight. Subject to the feeding conditions, the resulting beef was used as the main raw material for the production of enriched semi-finished products. To add functionality to the meat product, iodocasein was added to the cutlet recipes. The use of semifinished products in the diet will satisfy the daily requirement for iodine for adults by 12.67%, for school-age children by 15.83% and for children of primary school age by 21.11%.
Influence of nature and macromolecular characteristics of carrier polymer on immobilization of bolaform ions
Authors: Urinova Zebo , Namozov Orif , Baliyev Shovkat , Karimov Makhmud , Farmonov Nizom , Babaev Tuygun , Gafurov Akhtam , Kambarov Asadjon
Published: March 2024

The study of the interactions of polyelectrolytes with organic ions and especially with ions of physiologically active substances is of particular. There are wide ranges of polymers used for these purposes, the most convenient “substrate” is considered to be synthetic carriers that are easily regulated during production. The object of research was the antiprotozoal drug azidine, widely used in veterinary practice, which, when dissolved in water, forms a complex bolaform cation: 4.41-diamidinodiazoaminobenzene. To develop a prolonged dosage form for veterinary medicine, the binding of this substance with various synthetic polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic, and polymethacrylic acids are important. In addition; their copolymers, was studied using physical and chemical methods. The influence of the nature of the carrier polymer, the molecular weight, and the conformation of macromolecules on the process of binding organic ions were also examined.The results obtained were confirmed by in vivo tests on cattle. A pattern is shown between the strength of the bond of the drug substance with the polymer carrier and the time of its preventive action.
Geoecological-endemic and technogenic aspects of metabolic disorders in breeding cows in the conditions of Uzbekistan
Authors: Bakirov Bakhtiyar , Sematovica Ilga , Seipullaev Azamat , Atabaev Adaxam , Abdullaev Bakhtiyor
Published: March 2024

The article presents the results of scientific research which is aimed at studying the type, etiology and pathogenetic features of hipo-microelementosis in breeding cows in the conditions of the Takhtakupir and Muynak districts of the Karakalpakstan Republic, the Altinkul and Pakhtaabad districts of the Andijan region, the Sariasia and Angara districts of the Surhandarya regions of Uzbekistan in connection with different levels salinity and trace element composition of the soil, as well as the technogenic properties of the area. The article proves that due to the inferiority of the diet in terms of energy and vitamin-mineral components against the background of high salinity of the environment and iodine-manganese endemicity, liver dystrophy and orthopedic pathology with an obligatory decrease in reproductive qualities develop in the body of breeding cows.
The effect of Chitosan and whey powder on the weight of broiler chickens
Authors: Rakhmonov Farkhod , Eshimov Dusmurat , Islomov Khurshid , Ubaydullaeva Gulchehr , Hayitova Barno
Published: March 2024

The surge of chicken farming in our country has garnered significant attention recently. One proposed solution involves leveraging secondary food sector products to reduce the cost of poultry feed. Waste generated by food sector businesses serves as a significant source for replenishing food supplies. This waste, including silkworm excrement, can be utilized to produce productivity-enhancing chemicals. An example is chitosan, derived from chitin through various levels of deacetylation. Whey powder is also utilized as a component, containing essential amino acids crucial for poultry. The efficiency of this product surpasses that of current industrial and vivarium feeds.
Morphological and biochemical indicators of the blood of carp fish in artificial water reservoirs
Authors: Kuvvatov Khusniddin , Daminov Asadullo , Taylakova Maxfuza , Sadikova Chinara
Published: March 2024

In this article, morphological and biochemical parameters of the blood of carp fish in artificial reservoirs of Samarkand region are analyzed depending on their living conditions and hydro chemical parameters of water. One of the important features of intensive fish farming is the study of blood, morphological and biochemical parameters. The morphological and biochemical composition of blood varies depending on the habitat and lifestyle of different fish species.
Formation of meat productivity and quality of meat of young cattle of the Aberdeen-Angus and Blanc-Blue Belge breeds
Authors: Pegusov Alexander , Vostroilov Alexander , Safonov Vladimir
Published: March 2024

Beef differs from meat from other types of animals in quality, taste and versatility in cooking. The reduction in livestock numbers leads to a negative trend in beef production; therefore, crossing beef cattle with Holstein bulls was the optimal solution. However, reducing the number of young animals for fattening does not improve the quality of their meat. In this regard, assessing the efficiency of beef production, depending on the period of cultivation and slaughter, taking into account quality indicators, is relevant and has practical value. Of particular importance is the study of the meat characteristics of bulls of modern meat breeds, in particular Blanc Blue Belge and Aberdeen Angus, in the conditions of the Central Black Earth zone of free-stall housing using existing stationary premises. The research was carried out in accordance with the plan of research work at the Department of Private Animal Science of Voronezh State Agrarian University in LLC “SHP Novomarkovskoe” Kantemirovsky district of the Voronezh region. During the study, the features of the formation of meat productivity of bulls and heifers of the Aberdeen Angus breed in comparison with the Blanc Blue breed were studied Belge. The results obtained were analyzed in terms of live weight and average daily gains of these breeds. The data obtained were presented in the form of diagrams reflecting changes in live weight during the periods of growing, growing and fattening. Significant differences in the chemical composition of meat of the Aberdeen-Angus breeds were also identified and Blanc Blue Belge based on the protein and fat content in the meat of these breeds.
The preservation and study of the biodiversity of subtropical crops are carried out in the genetic collection of the FRC SSC of RAS
Authors: Ryndin Alexey , Kulyan Raisa , Slepchenko Natalia
Published: March 2024

The issue of preserving, replenishing, and rational utilization of biological diversity is acute worldwide. Special attention is devoted to the preservation of plant biodiversity at the Federal Research Center “Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FRC SSC of RAS)” in Sochi. A comprehensive germplasm of subtropical crops has been collected and maintained, comprising 753 cultivars. Research is conducted on the Black Sea coast of the Krasnodar Region, Russian Federation. The climatic conditions of the region correspond to the zone of humid subtropics, allowing the cultivation of many thermophilic plants. The results of the conducted research and the inventory of germplasm in 2023 have led to their categorization into 7 main collections: nut crops, citrus crops, subtropical fruit crops, seed crops, stone fruit crops, subtropical industrial crops, and berry crops. From each collection, a promising assortment has been identified for commercial orchards (54 cultivars), amateur gardeners (126), landscaping (71), as well as for scientific research (breeding, physiological, biochemical, genetic, entomological, phytopathological, etc.) (222). Wild and semi-wild relatives of cultivated plants, possessing valuable traits, are of great value and are regularly utilized in breeding studies, contributing to the maintenance of the collection.
The Physicochemical of Bread Additional Cascara Flour and Its Correlation
Authors: Setiaboma Woro , Kristanti Dita , Ratnawati Lia , Surahman Diki Nanang
Published: March 2024

Cascara, a coffee industry by-product, has the potential to be beneficial to health due to its fiber and bioactive components. Its effects when added to bread are not clarified. Thus, this study aimed to explore the addition of cascara flour and to correlate the physical and chemical properties of the substitutions. The cascara flour was used as an additional ingredient in bread formulas at three levels (C1=1%, C2=2%, and C3=3%, w/w). The addition of cascara flour increased ash content, but the protein content of the bread did not show significant differences (15.03±0.35 to 15.94±0.73% db). The lightness of the bread decreased when the cascara flour was added. Hardness and chewiness increased with the addition of the cascara flour, with C3 having the highest values (369.45 ±2.88 N and 0.68±0.03, severally). However, loaf volume and baking expansion showed no significant differences among the treatments, measuring 1462.02±11.32-1550.42±55.73 cm3 and 5.44±0.37-5.68±0.21 %, respectively. Sensory evaluation indicated that the panelists preferred the bread with cascara flour, with C1 being the most preferred overall. The PCA revealed a positive correlation with hardness, gumminess, a value, volume loaf, and chewiness, while the HCA showed that C2 and C3 were in the same cluster.
Potential and Trends Processing of Shrimp Industry by-Products in Food: A Review
Authors: Mariati Thamrin Nani , Miftahul Ilmi Rismayani , Hasizah Andi
Published: March 2024

The shrimp processing industry represents the largest fisheries sector globally due to its high demand and market value. Generally, the only shrimp parts that are often produced in factories are in the form of headless and peeled shrimp (shrimp without skin and head), about 88.5%. During processing, by-products are produced and require proper treatment. Shrimp by-product production has increased dramatically in recent years, leading to waste collection, disposal and pollution problems. The trend of utilisation of shrimp by-products needs to be carried out because these by-products have the potential to produce innovative products that have added value and are sustainable. By-products such as shrimp heads and shells contain proteins, minerals, fats, amino acids and bioactive compound components that can be used as additives and raw materials. The purpose of this paper is to examine the potential utilization of shrimp processing industry by-products. By converting these by-products into value-added products such as bioplastic, flavouring, natural food pigments, shrimp oil, and protein hydrolysates. Processing using various conventional and enzymatic extraction methods has the potential to reduce by-products. Utilisation of shrimp by-products can provide an attractive alternative to reduce dependence on synthetic products in the food industry, while providing the added benefit of more efficient and environmentally friendly by-product management.
Antioxidant Activity, Organoleptic Quality of Dangke Nuggets with the Addition of Corn Flour (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Nurjannah Siti , Malaka Ratmawati , Nahariah Nahariah
Published: March 2024

This study aimed to analyze the effect of substituting wheat flour with corn flour on antioxidant activity and organoleptic of dangke nuggets with different storage durations. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) factorial pattern with three replications and three treatments. The first factor was 0%, 5%, and 10% corn flour; the second was 0, 14, and 28 days of storage in the freezer. Antioxidant measurement using the DPPH method and organoleptic includes testing color, aroma, taste, texture, and preference of dangke nuggets. The results showed no correlation between the treatment level of corn flour addition and the storage duration, which had no significant effect (P> 0.05) on the antioxidant content of dangke nuggets. For organoleptic parameters in terms of color, aroma, taste, texture, and liking, there was no correlation between the treatment level of corn flour addition and storage duration, which had no significant effect (P>0.05). From this study, it can be concluded that the treatment of a 5% corn flour addition level in the formulation can increase antioxidant activity and organoleptic quality in terms of the aroma and texture of nuggets, and the addition of 10% corn flour also improves the quality of color and liking of nuggets. Meanwhile, the more extended storage, the more antioxidant and organoleptic quality of dangke nuggets will decrease.
Supply Chain Analysis of Raw Materials for the Seaweed Industry (Eucheuma cottonii) in the PT. Bantimurung Indah area
Authors: Sanny Hutabarat Olly , Haerani Haerani , Adelia Ristanti
Published: March 2024

Seaweed stands out as a significant mariculture commodity with substantial economic potential, contributing to the advancement of the national economy. The supply chain represents the seamless integration of company activities, collaboratively producing semi-finished to finished products and facilitating their delivery to end consumers. This study utilizes research interviews to gather data, following the systematic stages of seaweed supply chain analysis. The primary objective of this research is to gain insights into the operational mechanisms and efficiency of the seaweed supply chain within PT. Bantimurung Indah. The key components of this supply chain include seaweed farmers, suppliers, retailers, and seaweed exporters, collectively referred to as seaweed suppliers. Notably, seaweed farmers, suppliers, retailers, and exporters form the main circuit, consolidated under the umbrella term “seaweed suppliers.” The calculated total marketing margin for seaweed amounts to IDR 5,900 per kg, with a comprehensive profit of IDR 3,650 per kg and total costs of IDR 2,250 per kg. The percentage of the price received by farmers (farmer share) is 70.5%. The seaweed supply chain in the PT. Bantimurung Indah attains classification as efficient, given that the FS percentage exceeds 70%.
Effect of Ascorbic Acid and Polythylene Plastic Packaging on Browning and Shelf Life of Langsat Fruit (Lansium domesticum)
Authors: Mahmuddin Yuliana , Tahir Muhammad , Shamsudin Rosnah , Sanny Hutabarat Olly , Dita Wijayanti Sudarma
Published: March 2024

Langsat (Lansium domesticum) is a tropical fruit classified as a climacteric fruit that can only last 4-6 days after harvesting. Skin colour is easier to brown and black after 4 days of harvesting. This condition does not affect the fruit flesh, but visually, it becomes unappealing. Ascorbic acid and polyethylene plastic packaging could be applied to extend shelf life and slow browning. This study aims to investigate the effect of different concentrations of ascorbic acid treatment and polyethylene plastic (PE) packaging on the browning index and shelf life of lan and to determine the best concentration of ascorbic acid during storage at 15 °C. The treatments used in this study involved immersing langsat fruit in different ascorbic acid concentrations: 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5%, respectively. The langsat fruit was then packaged using polyethylene plastic and stored at 15 °C. The results showed that using ascorbic acid could delay browning by up to 14 days, with the lowest browning index found in langsat fruit immersed in 2.5% ascorbic acid concentration and packaged in polyethylene plastic. Polyethylene plastic packaging and ascorbic acid during storage affected the shelf life of langsat fruit, extending it to 14 days.
Testing The Heat Distribution of Flat Plate Type Solar Collectors for LPG Solar Hybrid Dryers at P4S Bukit Melintang
Authors: Azis Abdul , Waris Abdul , Salim Iqbal , Syafiuddin Masyhur , Setiawan Eka , rezkiana Nana , Azizah Andi , Azmi Alamsyah Muhammad
Published: March 2024

One of the uses of solar energy in agriculture is as a source of heat energy for dryers. Through the Kedaireka 2023 Matching Fund (MF) activity and in collaboration with the Independent Rural Agricultural Training Center (P4S) of Bukit Melintang, Sidrap Regency to develop a hybrid solar and LPG dryer. Thermal energy from the sun is obtained from a flat plate-type solar collector system. This research aims to obtain a flat plate-type solar collector system as an alternative heat source for hybrid dryers. The research was carried out to test the functional tool and determine its performance in converting solar energy into heat that can be used for drying equipment. The results of tests carried out on October 22, 2023, from 10.25 AM to 13.35 PM at the Agricultural Engineering Study Program, Hasanuddin University, with coordinates -5.131048, 119.485434 showed that the average environmental temperature was 36.5 °C, the highest temperature in the solar collector outlet was 57 °C which occurred at 11.15 – 11.40. and experienced a decrease in temperature until 13.35 to the lowest temperature of 42.5 °C. This shows that the solar collector can increase the temperature from 60 to 20.5 °C.
Performance Test of Disc Mill Type Ffc-23 Production of BBPP Batangkaluku
Authors: Salim Iqbal , Muhpidah Muhpidah , Hardinashinta Gemala , Mubarak Husnul , Fauzi Rahman , Surur Fadil
Published: March 2024

Rice is a commodity that has a strategic role in food security to meet the basic needs of the community. In Indonesia, rice is not only consumed as a staple food, but we often get rice processed into other food ingredients such as cakes. However, before becoming a cake, the rice is first processed into flour, which is usually called rice flour. Rice flour is flour that is widely used in Indonesia because it is low in protein and does not contain gluten. This study aims to determine the working capacity of the disc mill-type flour mill FFC-23. The research method used is to perform flouring by operating a disc mill-type FFC-23 flour machine and calculating the percentage of rice flour soaking. The results of this study indicate that the working capacity of the machine, where the working capacity of the 60 mesh sieve is higher than that of the 100 mesh sieve. This shows that the mesh size with the smallest value can optimize the performance of the FFC-23 disc mill-type flouring machine.
Potential Nutrient Carriers of Easily Weathered Minerals from Pyroclastic Materials of Mount Merapi, Yogyakarta
Authors: Kurniati  , Suwardi  , Mulyanto Budi , Nugroho Budi , Juita Nirmala , Herman Welly , Latifah
Published: March 2024

The eruption of Mount Merapi has had a negative impact on the community; however, on the other hand, it also has positive aspects that cannot be ignored. One of the major benefits associated with the eruption of this mountain is its ability to fertilize and restore the quality of the surrounding soil. This process of soil restoration involves the use of volcanic materials resulting from the eruption, specifically known as rejuvination or soil rejuvenation. In the concept of soil rejuvenation, pyroclastic materials play an important role due to their nutrient-rich content. These pyroclastic materials consist of various types of rocks and minerals, which have great potential to make a positive contribution in providing nutrients needed by plants. Based on the results of X-Ray diffraction analysis, the pyroclastic material from Mount Merapi is dominated by the mineral Albite, accounting for 81.3%. This mineral has the property of being easily weathered and susceptible to weathering agents. Volcanic materials from Mount Merapi can be utilized as agrominerals, this concept involves using volcanic material as a source of nutrients for plants since it contains both macro and micro nutrients required by plants.
Physiological Response of Three Melon Varieties Applied to Trichokompos Planting Media and Various Concentrations of Liquid Organic Fertilizer
Authors: Azhari Nur Muhlizha , Syam'un Elkawakib , Farid BDR Muh
Published: March 2024

The aim of this research is to determine the effect of providing trichocompost planting media composition, varieties and various concentrations of liquid organic fertilizer on the physiology of melon plants. This experiment used a separate plot design in groups, the Main Plot was the planting medium (m) which consisted of 3 planting media compositions, m1: Soil Composition: Trichokompos = 1:1, m2 : Soil Composition : Trichokompos = 1:2, m3: Soil Composition : Trichokompos = 2:1 and Subplots are 3 types of melon varieties (v), namely: v1 = Glamor F1, v2 = Rio F, v3 = Noni F1, and Children's Plots are the concentration of eco farming (k), namely: k0 = Without eco farming (control), k1 = Eco farming 5 ml/ liter of water, k3 = Eco farming 10 ml/ liter of water. The results of this research indicate that the composition of 2 soil planting media: 1 trichocompost, Rio F1 variety and a liquid organic fertilizer concentration of 1 ml/liter of water is recommended to improve the physiological phase of melon plants.
Growth and Yield of Three Soybean Cultivars on a Combination of Cow Manure and NPK Fertilizers on Sandy Land
Authors: Sagala Danner , Juwinten Juwinten , Prihanani Prihanani , Mulatsih Sri , Suzanna Eka , Dermawan Rahmansyah
Published: March 2024

Food security is an important issue and must be pursued by utilizing all potential resources. Sandy land is a potential resource to be developed as agricultural land due to the decline in fertile land. However, sandy land has a limiting factor for plant growth and yield, namely fertility. This research aimed to determine the effect of cow manure and NPK fertilizer on the growth and yield of three soybean varieties on sandy land. The research was conducted from January to May 2022 on sandy land in Bengkulu. Each experimental plot was arranged based on a randomized block design. The first factor was soybean cultivar, and the second was a combination of cow manure and NPK fertilizer doses. Each treatment was repeated three times. The results showed that the three soybean varieties evaluated showed different characteristics due to genetic diversity. Applying a combination of organic fertilizers in all proportions did not significantly affect the growth and yield of soybeans except for the weight of 100 seeds. NPK fertilizer application showed better growth and yields.
Profile and Development Agroindustry Strategy at Bone Regency
Authors: Andry Andi , Mursalim Mursalim , Nurfaidah Andi , Ridwan Muhammad
Published: March 2024

Over the past five years (2017-2021) the economic structure of Bone Regency has been dominated by 4 (four) business field category, namely agriculture, forestry, fisheries and the processing industry with a percentage of 48% of businesses (agriculture, forestry and fisheries) and 6.88% of the processing industry. To continue to spur the growth of the economic sector, especially after the pandemic, agroindustry development is the main choice. The purpose of this research is to build an agroindustry profile based on strong, medium, and weak criteria and develop an agroindustry development strategy according to the profile that has been built so that it can be useful as a source of information as well as a reference for relevant stakeholders. The categorisation of strong, medium and weak agroindustry is based on the analysis of industrial data obtained from both government and stakeholders complemented by literature study while for strategy formulation using SWOT analysis. The categorisation results place the agroindustry of forest products and livestock products into the category of weak agroindustry, agroindustry of horticultural and secondary crops and plantation products into the category of moderate agroindustry and for the category of strong agroindustry are Cereal Products and Fishery Products.
Planning of Production Facilities Layouts of Home Industry of Cabalu Smoked Salted Egg in Bone District
Authors: Adiningih A. Hutami , Achmad Mahmud
Published: March 2024

The home industry of Cabalu smoked salted egg is one of the home industries in Bone Regency that operates in the egg processing sector. This home had the potential to produce smoked salted eggs, which was quite promising and was supported by the main raw material for duck eggs, which was available in three cages in Cabalu village and had a group of ducks and raw materials for salt that are easy to obtain, as well as the public's interest in home products. Currently, the layout of production facilities and working environment conditions in the home industry of Cabalu smoked salted egg are experiencing problems. This research aims to redesign the Home Industry of Cabalu smoked salted egg facility's layout, which can utilize the area, minimize material path length, reduce process constraints, and maximize production results using the Activity Relationship Chart (ARC) method and the BLOCPLAN algorithm. The proposed layout was selected based on the adjective value and R-Score, which was close to 1, with a rel-dist score with the lowest value and adapting to the conditions of the home industry. The proposed layout number 20, the alternative layout was chosen as the proposed layout with the lowest material transfer distance.
High-precision characterization of quantum-cascade laser frequency response using wavelength modulation spectroscopy
Authors: Hlaing M. H. , Azevedo Caio , Khan M. Amir
Published: March 2024

This paper investigates the impact of the quantum cascade laser’s frequency modulation response on its tuning rate and tunability. We show a significant disparity in laser tuning rates and tunability between single and dual-frequency modulation schemes frequently used in typical direct absorption and wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) techniques. We show that the DC-characterized tuning rate of a laser can be reduced significantly under a specific set of modulation frequencies of the laser injection current. We characterize these effects by simultaneous measurements of higher harmonic WMS of methane and nitrous oxide in the 7.8 µm spectral regions. We further show that WMS signal modulation broadening mechanisms and spectral structure, i.e., its zero-crossings and turning points, can be used to quantify such laser-modulation effects and validate laser frequency response under dual modulation schemes.
Continuous-variable quantum key distribution system: Past, present, and future
Authors: Zhang Yichen , Bian Yiming , Li Zhengyu , Yu Song , Guo Hong
Published: March 2024

Quantum key distribution provides secure keys with information-theoretic security ensured by the principle of quantum mechanics. The continuous-variable version of quantum key distribution using coherent states offers the advantages of its compatibility with telecom industry, e.g., using commercial laser and homodyne detector, is now going through a booming period. In this review article, we describe the principle of continuous-variable quantum key distribution system; focus on protocols based on coherent states, whose systems are gradually moving from proof-of-principle lab demonstrations to in-field implementations and technological prototypes. We start by reviewing the theoretical protocols and the current security status of these protocols. Then, we discuss the system structure, the key module, and the mainstream system implementations. The advanced progresses for future applications are discussed, including the digital techniques, system on chip, and point-to-multipoint system. Finally, we discuss the practical security of the system and conclude with promising perspectives in this research field.