bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficiency and Stability Analysis of 2D/3D Perovskite Solar Cells Using Machine Learning
Authors: Yılmaz Beyza , Odabaşı Çağla , Yıldırım Ramazan
Published: January 2022

A dataset containing 599 data points from 146 publications on 2D/3D perovskite solar cells is analyzed using machine learning. The predictive models are developed for power conversion efficiency (PCE) using eXtreme Gradient Boosting regression, random forest regression and artificial neural networks while association rule mining is used to analyze the stability data to identify the descriptors leading to high stability 2D/3D cells. A predictive model is also developed for the bandgap to predict the missing values in the dataset for the use in PCE predictions. Models for both bandgap and PCE predictions are quite successful. The thickness of inorganic layer (n), radius of anion (R

x
), and 2D cation (R
m) are found to be the most important descriptors for bandgap predictions; n and R
m, together with the bandgap, are found to be deterministic for PCE in regular cells while the bandgap, n, and conduction band energy of hole transport layer are the most influential descriptors in inverted structures. Association rule mining analysis for the stability indicates that the cells with layered perovskite structures are more stable while the 2D and 3D cations leading to the most stable cells are found to be butylammonium and formamidinium‐Cs mixed cation respectively.
Influence of blade number on performance of multistage hydraulic turbine in turbine mode
Authors: Zhang Lihong , Li Yanpin , Zhang Zichao , Chen Jinbao , Chen Dexin
Published: January 2022

Compared with the traditional reverse multistage pump as hydraulic turbine, hydraulic turbine in turbine mode (T‐type turbine) with low specific speed has higher single‐stage energy head, which can effectively reduce stages and increase the stability when it is used to recycle high residual pressure liquid. Blade number of runner is an important design parameter, which has great influence on the performance of T‐type hydraulic turbine and need to be further studied. Therefore, two‐stage T‐type turbine models with different blade numbers are established through numerical simulation. Then, the accuracy of numerical simulation is verified by test. Finally, the performance and pressure fluctuating characteristics of turbine with different blade numbers are obtained. The results show that: (a) Taking same blade numbers in both stages (traditional design method), the turbine efficiency can be higher with the blade number of primary runner and secondary runner are 14, but resulting the superposition of pulsation in secondary runner; (b) Taking different blade numbers in both stages, respectively, the superposition of pulsation can be effectively avoided, which also leads to the increase in efficiency, and up to 81.169%; (c) The method of using different number of blades in different stages can replace the traditional design method and effectively improve the hydraulic performance of T‐type hydraulic turbine.
Use of gravimetric measurements to calibrate thermal dissipation probes with stem segments
Authors: Zeng Xiangming , Xu Xianli , Zhong Feixia , Xu Tianyue , Luo Wei , Yi Ruzhou , Li Xuezhang
Published: January 2022

Tree transpiration is an important part of the global water cycle, and it is frequently represented by sap flow measurements at the individual plant scale. The thermal dissipation probes (TDPs) are commonly employed to measure and calculate sap flows, for which Granier equation is generally used. However, the original Granier equation has been found to underestimate sap flow rates. Calibration methods using different materials (i.e., whole trees or stem segments) have been proposed to recalibrate TDPs; however, these methods are often either expensive or complicated. This study proposes a new device that uses the gravimetric measurement method (GMM) to recalibrate TDPs. The GMM is relatively simple and easy to conduct. The proposed device uses a tube and siphon to maintain a constant pressure; an electronic balance is used to measure the actual sap flow. Four plant species with different stem porosity types, Pyrus pyrifolia (diffuse‐porous), Quercus fabri (ring‐porous), Platycarya strobilacea (ring‐porous) and Kalopanax septemlobus (ring‐porous), were selected to examine the performance of the GMM. The results showed that: (1) good correlations were obtained between the actual sap flow (from gravimetric measurements) and sap flow estimates obtained using the original TDP technique; (2) the results of the GMM‐recalibrated TDP measurement equation greatly differed from those of the original Granier calibration equation; and (3) the recalibration equation derived from the GMM outperformed the original Granier equation. This study suggests that the developed GMM can be used to recalibrate TDPs, and that using this method can help to improve sap flow measurements, thereby improving estimates of tree water consumption and transpiration.
Is ovarian recovery after chemotherapy in young patients with early breast cancer influenced by controlled ovarian hyperstimulation for fertility preservation or tumor characteristics? Results of a prospective study in 126 patients
Authors: Mailliez Audrey , Pigny Pascal , Bogart Emilie , Keller Laura , D'Orazio Emmanuelle , Vanseymortier Marie , Le Deley Marie‐Cécile , Decanter Christine
Published: January 2022

Young individuals, aged <40 years, represent 7% of all patients with early breast cancer (EBC), most of whom receive chemotherapy. Preserving future fertility in these patients has become a major concern. This prospective study assessed ovarian function during and after chemotherapy according to patient and tumor characteristics and evaluated the outcome of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH). Ovarian reserve was evaluated in terms of amenorrhea duration and by longitudinal serum anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) level variations measured at study entry, during treatment and until 24 months thereafter. COH has been proposed for patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. We studied the association between clinical factors and ovarian function using Cox models and logistic regression. In this young population (age < 38 years, median = 32), 85 of 90 evaluable patients (94%) experienced chemo‐induced amenorrhea, including six persistent amenorrhea and one chemotherapy‐induced definitive ovarian failure. Overall, 33% of patients still had undetectable AMH values 12 months after the end of chemotherapy, although most had recovered spontaneous and regular menstrual function. No specific factor was associated with clinical or biological late ovarian dysfunction, except for age and baseline AMH value. Overall, 58 patients underwent COH. The mean number of total retrieved oocytes and metaphase II oocytes were of 11.7 and 6.9, respectively. Thus, our study confirms the importance of fertility preservation in young patients with EBC. Our findings indicate that sequential chemotherapy is associated with a higher risk of persistent amenorrhea. There was no significant association between tumor characteristics, fertility preservation or recovery of ovarian reserve.
Detection and diagnosis ofCOVID‐19 infection in lungs images using deep learning techniques
Authors: Kumar Arun , Mahapatra Rajendra Prasad
Published: January 2022

World's science and technologies have been challenged by the COVID‐19 pandemic. Each and every community across the globe are trying to find a real‐time novel method for accurate treatment and cure of COVID‐19 infected patients. The most important lead to take from this pandemic is to detect the infected patients as soon as possible and provide them an accurate treatment. At present, the worldwide methodology to detect COVID‐19 is reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). This technique is costly and time taking. For this reason, the implementation of a novel method is required. This paper includes the use of deep learning analysis to develop a system for identifying COVID‐19 patients. Proposed technique is based on convolution neural network (CNN) and deep neural network (DNN). This paper proposes two models, first is designing DNN on the basis of fractal feature of the images and second is designing CNN using lungs x‐ray images. To find the infected area (tissues) of the lungs image using CNN architecture, segmentation process has been used. Developed CNN architecture gave results of classification with accuracy equal to 94.6% and sensitivity equal to 90.5% which is much better than the proposed DNN method, which gave accuracy 84.11% and sensitivity 84.7%. The outcome of the presented model shows 94.6% accuracy in detecting infected regions. Using this method the growth of the infected regions can be monitored and controlled. The designed model can also be used in post‐COVID‐19 analysis.
A deep learning classification of metacarpophalangeal joints synovial proliferation in rheumatoid arthritis by ultrasound images
Authors: Wu Min , Wu Huaiuy , Wu Lili , Cui Chen , Shi Siyuan , Xu Jinfeng , Liu Yan , Dong Fajin
Published: January 2022

Objective

To evaluate if an automatic classification of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) metacarpophalangeal joint conditions in ultrasound images is feasible by deep learning (DL) method, to provide a more objective, automated, and fast way of RA diagnosis in clinical setting.

Materials and Methods

DenseNet‐based DL model was used and both training and testing are implemented in TensorFlow 1.13.1 with Keras DL libraries. The area under curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity values with 95% CIs were reported. The statistical analysis was performed by using scikit‐learn libraries in Python 3.7.

Results

A total of 1337 RA ultrasound images were acquired from 208 patients, the number of images is 313, 657, 178, and 189 in OESS Grade L0, L1, L2, and L3, respectively. In Classification Scenario 1 SP‐no versus SP‐yes, three experiments with region of interest of size 192 × 448 (Group 1), 96 × 224 (Group 2), and 96 × 224 stacked with pre‐segmented annotated mask of SP area (Group 3) as input achieve an AUC of 0.863 (95% CI: 0.809, 0.917), 0.861 (95% CI: 0.805, 0.916), and 0.886 (95% CI: 0.836, 0.936), respectively. In Classification Scenario 2 Healthy versus Diseased, experiments in Group 1, Group 2 and Group 3 achieve an AUC of 0.848 (95% CI: 0.799, 0.896), 0.864 (95% CI: 0.819, 0.909), and 0.916 (95% CI: 0.883, 0.952), respectively.

Conclusion

We combined DenseNet model with ultrasound images for RA condition assessment. The feasibility of using DL to create an automatic RA condition classification system was also demonstrated. The proposed method can be an alternative to the initial screening of RA patients.
Solvent accessibility of E1α and E1β residues with known missense mutations causing pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) deficiency: Impact on PDC‐E1 structure and function
Authors: Ducich Nicole H. , Mears Jason A. , Bedoyan Jirair K.
Published: January 2022

Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency is a major cause of primary lactic acidemia resulting in high morbidity and mortality, with limited therapeutic options. PDHA1 mutations are responsible for >82% of cases. The E1 component of PDC is a symmetric dimer of heterodimers (αβ/α′β′) encoded by PDHA1 and PDHB. We measured solvent accessibility surface area (SASA), utilized nearest‐neighbor analysis, incorporated sequence changes using mutagenesis tool in PyMOL, and performed molecular modeling with SWISS‐MODEL, to investigate the impact of residues with disease‐causing missense variants (DMVs) on E1 structure and function. We reviewed 166 and 13 genetically resolved cases due to PDHA1 and PDHB, respectively, from variant databases. We expanded on 102 E1α and 13 E1β nonduplicate DMVs. DMVs of E1α Arg112‐Arg224 stretch (exons 5‐7) and of E1α Arg residues constituted 40% and 39% of cases, respectively, with invariant Arg349 accounting for 22% of arginine replacements. SASA analysis showed that 86% and 84% of residues with nonduplicate DMVs of E1α and E1β, respectively, are solvent inaccessible (“buried”). Furthermore, 30% of E1α buried residues with DMVs are deleterious through perturbation of subunit‐subunit interface contact (SSIC), with 73% located in the Arg112‐Arg224 stretch. E1α Arg349 represented 74% of buried E1α Arg residues involved in SSIC. Structural perturbations resulting from residue replacements in some matched neighboring pairs of amino acids on different subunits involved in SSIC at 2.9‐4.0 Å interatomic distance apart, exhibit similar clinical phenotype. Collectively, this work provides insight for future target‐based advanced molecular modeling studies, with implications for development of novel therapeutics for specific recurrent DMVs of E1α.
Logotherapy infused family therapy (LIFT): A systematic review of clinical interventions for family counselors
Authors: Dukes Allison T. , Gutierrez Daniel , Goshorn Jeremy R.
Published: January 2022

Logotherapy's tenets show considerable therapeutic potential for couple and family therapy. Using the PRISMA systematic review method, authors searched PsycNet, ProQuest, and PubMed in July 2020 for logotherapeutic family interventions. Authors compiled a list of strategies for practitioners and discuss results and their implications for logotherapeutic family interventions.
The relationship between mindfulness and multicultural counseling competence among mental health practitioners
Authors: Ivers Nathaniel N. , Johnson David A.
Published: January 2022

We examined the relationship between dispositional mindfulness, mindfulness practices, and multicultural counseling competence (MCC) among mental health practitioners. Mindfulness Observe and Nonjudge related positively to MCC Knowledge and MCC Awareness. Nonreact and Act Aware were negatively associated with MCC Awareness. Frequency of mindfulness practices related negatively to MCC Awareness.
Astaxanthin improves the shelf‐life of tilapia fillets stored under refrigeration
Authors: Aracati Mayumi Fernanda , Rodrigues Leticia Franchin , de Oliveira Susana Luporini , Rodrigues Romário Alves , Conde Gabriel , Cavalcanti Erika Nayara Freire , Borba Hirasilva , Charlie‐Silva Ives , Fernandes Dayanne Carla , Eto Silas Fernandes , de Andrade Belo Marco Antonio
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND

Astaxanthin, classified as a xanthophyll, has antioxidant properties about 500 times greater than α‐tocopherols and ten times greater than β‐carotenes. Based on the antioxidant activity of this carotenoid, this study aimed to evaluate the shelf‐life of tilapia fillets (Oreochromis niloticus) fed with astaxanthin, by determining the microbiological quality (colimetry, counts of mesophilic and psychrotrophic microorganisms), physicochemical analyses (colorimetry, pH, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)) and sensory analysis.

RESULTS

Tilapia supplemented with astaxanthin presented a reduction in the counts of microorganisms (mesophiles and psychrotrophics) and lower lipid oxidation index (TBARS), when compared to fillets of control fish. Colorimetric changes of fillet degradation were observed, associated with increased pH during storage, as well as loss of brightness and texture in addition to worsening of appearance and odor. These deteriorating changes were minimized using astaxanthin.

CONCLUSION

Our results demonstrate the beneficial performance of astaxanthin in the shelf‐life of tilapia fillets stored under refrigeration. Therefore, dietary supplementation with astaxanthin (100 and 200 mg kg−1 of feed) improves the microbiological and physicochemical quality of tilapia fillets during 50 days of shelf‐life. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
COVID‐19 and the Otolaryngology Residency Match: Rising Incidence of Home Matches
Authors: Bernstein Jeffrey D. , Harmon Matthew , Watson Deborah
Published: January 2022

Objectives/Hypothesis

To quantify the effect of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic upon the 2020 to 2021 residency match for Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery (OHNS).

Study Design

Retrospective cohort design.

Methods

Residency match outcomes for all applicants to our institution during 2020 to 2021 were collected from the National Residency Matching Program including medical school of origin and matched program. Matches were categorized as to home‐program, within‐region, or out‐of‐region and sorted by US geographic region. Matches from the 2020 to 2021 cycle were compared to those from 2019 to 2020, as well as averages and trends from match cycles 2016 to 2020. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics and chi‐square testing.

Results

During 2020 to 2021, there were 436 applicants to our single OHNS program. From 2019–2020 to 2020–2021, the match rate decreased significantly for groups studied, including: All applicants (72.0% [268/372] to 64.7% [282/436]; P = .025); all US MD Senior applicants (76.5% [254/332] to 68.9% [262/380]; P = .024); and US MD Seniors specifically without a home program (77.5% [31/40] to 56.4% [22/39]; P = .046). The match rate for US MD Seniors with a home program did not change significantly (76.4% [223/292] to 70.4% [240/341]; P = .09). From 2019–2020 to 2020–2021, the proportion of US MD seniors who matched to home‐program increased significantly (22.0% [49/223] to 30.0% [72/240]; P = .05).

Conclusion

The COVID‐19 pandemic saw high volumes of OHNS applicants with an overall decreased rate of matching compared to previous years. These changes particularly affected applicants without home programs. Home‐program matching increased significantly, likely as a consequence of the limitations placed on in‐person away experiences including interviews. Laryngoscope, 132:1934–1938, 2022
Liming and co‐application of water treatment residuals with biosolids for conditioning sandy soils
Authors: Ribeiro Pablo Lacerda , Bamberg Adilson Luís , Pereira Ivan dos Santos , Monteiro Alex Becker , Potes Mariana da Luz , de Lima Cláudia Liane Rodrigues
Published: January 2022

Application of water treatment residuals (WTR) and biosolids (BS) might ameliorate fragile soils. However, studies integrating impacts of waste preparation methods such as liming and grinding associated with co‐application approaches for soil conditioning are lacking. The present study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of agricultural use of WTR as well as their co‐application with BS to ameliorate a sandy soil through assessing impacts on selected soil quality indicators and on nutrient and potentially toxic element concentration in plant tissue in addition to the biomass yield of annual crops. The following treatments were evaluated: non‐amended soil (control); drying plus grinding and liming WTR; WTR co‐application with BS at 3:1 ratio; and a soil amendment commercially available in Brazil. All treatments were soil incorporated in the 0.0–0.2 m layer at 30 Mg ha−1 dose (dry mass). Selected soil physical, hydraulic, and chemical parameters were determined. Furthermore, nutrients and potentially toxic elements concentration in plant tissue as well as the agronomic performance of maize and ryegrass were measured. The co‐application of WTR and BS increased the soil content of P, Zn, and Cu in the 0.0–0.1 m layer. The concentration of these nutrients also was greater in ryegrass tissue and promoted the biomass yield in 51%. WTR did not increase contaminants and did not decrease the P content in soil and in plant tissue, independently of drying plus grinding and liming. Considering the conditions investigated in our study, WTR/BS co‐application was environmentally safe and effective in ameliorating soil quality.
Impact of crop establishment and residue management on soil properties and productivity in rice‐fallow ecosystems in India
Authors: Kumar Rakesh , Mishra Janki Sharan , Naik Sushanta Kumar , Mondal Surajit , Meena Ram Swaroop , Kumar Saurabh , Dubey Abhishek Kumar , Makarana Govind , Jha Bal Krishna , Mali Santosh Sambhaji , Biswas Ashis Kumar , Choudhary Arbind Kumar , Hans Hansraj , Dubey Rachana , Kumar Santosh , Sundaram Prem Kumar , Raman Rohan Kumar , Monobrullah Mohammad , Kumar Sanjeev , Kumar Ujjwal , Bhatt Bhagwati Prasad
Published: January 2022

The degradation of agricultural land, both chemical and biological, is a big concern all over the world. Crop cultivation practices that are distinctive to each location have negative consequences for agricultural production. Therefore, there is an urgent need for better crop and soil management techniques. This experiment was conducted for 5 years (2016–2020) to identify the best crop establishment‐cum‐residue management (CERM) practices and suitable crops for succession after the rice harvest in rice‐fallow ecosystems of India. Experimentation was conducted in the split‐plot design and each treatment was replicated thrice, having CERM in main‐plot and post‐rainy season/winter crops in sub‐plot. All the CERM treatments had two variants, with crop residue (R+) and without crop residue (R−). Rice yields were markedly higher (19.1%–32.2%) in transplanted puddled rice with residue (TPR‐R+) over conventional‐till direct seeded rice (CTDSR) and zero‐till DSR (ZTDSR) treatments. However, TPR adversely impacted the performance of all the post‐rainy pulses/oilseed crops. Post‐rainy season crop yields under ZTDSR/CTDSR were 14.9%–45.8% higher leading to higher system productivity as compared to TPR. ZTDSR with residue retention showed higher soil aggregation. The practice of ZTDSR increased the soil dehydrogenase activity (46.2%), urease activity (29.8%), soil microbial biomass carbon (65.4), and fluorescein diacetate activity (9.0%) in the crop root zone with 3.3‐ and 4.47‐times higher earthworm population and earthworm biomass, respectively. The rice‐pulse system showed 1.74‐times more earthworm population over rice‐oilseed sequences. Total soil organic carbon (SOC) stock in ZTDSR was 21.8% higher over TPR in 0–45 cm soil profile. Thus, the adoption of ZTDSR practices and diversification of rice‐fallows with pulses crops is recommended for enhancing the crop productivity, increasing SOC stock, and improving soil biological properties in the rice‐fallow ecosystems of India.
Synechococcus silicon accumulation in oligotrophic oceans
Authors: Wei Yuqiu , Sun Jun , Li Liuyang , Cui Zhengguo
Published: January 2022

Si accumulation by Synechococcus, small unicellular marine picocyanobacteria that dominate in nutrient‐depleted waters, is significant due to its potential to alter our understanding of the global Si cycle. To date, however, there are only a few studies on Si accumulation in individual Synechococcus cells. To determine the magnitude and variability of Synechococcus cellular Si content in oligotrophic oceans, we analyzed 1348 discrete cells collected from the understudied eastern Indian Ocean (EIO) and western Pacific Ocean (WPO). Synechococcus cellular Si quotas varied widely across both regions, ranging from 0 to 4651 amol Si cell−1. While highly variable in range, average Si quotas were ~ 2.5‐fold lower in Synechococcus cells from the EIO (172 ± 304 amol Si cell−1) than in those from the WPO (438 ± 737 amol Si cell−1). The estimated contributions of Synechococcus to total and picoplankton biogenic Si stocks were < 1–8% and 1–11%, respectively, suggesting that Synechococcus has a small but persistent regional contribution to biogenic Si stocks. Here, we also made a first‐order estimate of the Synechococcus biogenic Si stock for the global ocean, that is, 0.06–0.09 Tmol Si, accounting for 2–3% of the global ocean diatom Si stock. No significant effects of temperature and dissolved inorganic N and P on cellular Si quotas were observed within these oligotrophic ecosystems. However, salinity, ambient dissolved Si, and N/P ratio were closely correlated with the variable Si quotas with different relationships. In addition, Synechococcus cellular Si/P and Si/S ratios associated with physiological processes were significantly influenced by environmental and geographic variables. We thus suggest that the variance in cellular Si quotas may be indirectly driven by ambient variables via some unknown independent or strain‐dependent physiological processes.
Application of artificial neural network to estimate the quality of little auks' potential foraging grounds on Spitsbergen
Authors: Boehnke Rafał , Wichorowski Marcin , Trudnowska Emilia , Balazy Kaja , Jakubas Dariusz , Wold Anette , Wojczulanis‐Jakubas Katarzyna , Falk‐Petersen Stig , Kidawa Dorota , Hop Haakon , Błachowiak‐Samołyk Katarzyna
Published: January 2022

The availability of food for the zooplanktivorous seabirds, such as an endemic High Arctic alcid, the little auk (Alle alle) is essential for its population status and in consequence for fertilizing nutrient‐poor Svalbard tundra. Since the zooplankton composition and concentration vary over time and space on foraging grounds, it is challenging to monitor these changes and it could be facilitated by using original machine‐learning methods. We propose to use supervised artificial neural network (ANN) with back‐propagation algorithm, in which we rank each zooplankton taxonomical category (ZTC) based on its share in biomass of little auks' diet. The highest rank was assigned to the largest and most frequent prey, for example, fifth copepodid stage (CV) of Calanus glacialis (0.75), amphipod Apherusa glacialis (0.17) and females of Calanus hyperboreus (0.12). In order to qualify the potential foraging grounds for little auks, zooplankton samples were collected at sea, in the vicinity of five West Spitsbergen fjords characterized by different oceanographic conditions. Consequently, the southern and middle fjords of Spitsbergen were described as the best foraging grounds, while the lowest quality was designated to the northernmost locations. ANN was validated with independent long‐term monitoring dataset from Hornsund and 78% of stations were classified correctly, which indicates that the presented method is reliable for quick estimation of little auks' foraging grounds qualities. This research proposes a new, automated approach for potential foraging grounds classification and delivers an open‐access application that allows following and predicting changes in an emblematic Arctic predator–prey relationship (little auk‐zooplankton).
Higher Risk, Higher Reward? Self‐Reported Effects of Real‐World Cannabis Use in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Holden Samantha K. , Domen Christopher H. , Sillau Stefan , Liu Ying , Leehey Maureen A.
Published: January 2022

Background

Despite limited evidence, people with Parkinson's disease (PD) use cannabis for therapeutic purposes. Given barriers to performing randomized trials, exploring real‐world experiences with cannabis in PD is valuable.

Objective

Investigate the frequency and magnitude of symptomatic effects reported with cannabis use in PD.

Methods

An anonymous, 15‐question, web‐based survey was deployed on Fox Insight. Cannabis product types were defined (by relative tetrahydrocannabinol [THC] and cannabidiol [CBD] content) and respondents were asked to reference product labels. Questions focused on use patterns and subjective effects on 36 predefined symptoms (rated −2‐markedly worse to +2‐markedly better).

Results

1,881 people with PD responded (58.5% men; mean age 66.5; 50.5% <3 years of PD). 73.0% of respondents reported medicinal use, though 30.8% did not inform their doctor. 86.7% knew their type of cannabis product: 54.6% took higher CBD, 30.2% higher THC, and 15.2% took similar amounts of THC and CBD products. Most common use was oral administration, once daily, for less than six months. Frequent improvements were reported for pain, anxiety, agitation, and sleep (>50% of respondents, mean magnitude 1.28–1.51). Dry mouth, dizziness, and cognitive changes were common adverse effects (20.9%–30.8%, mean −1.13 to −1.21). Higher THC users reported more frequent improvements in depression, anxiety, and tremor, and more frequent worsening in dry mouth and bradykinesia than other product types.

Conclusions

Respondents with PD reported using more CBD products, via oral administration, with mild subjective benefits primarily for sleep, pain, and mood. Higher THC products may be higher risk/higher reward for PD‐related symptoms.
Dynamic pricing and dual‐channel choice in the presence of strategic consumers
Authors: Yu Dongdong , Wan Miyu , Luo Chunlin
Published: January 2022

This paper develops a dynamic pricing model to examine how strategic consumers affect the strategic interaction among firms under three dual‐channel formats, that is, direct selling dual‐channel, reselling dual‐channel, and agency selling dual‐channel. The results show that the retailer's selling prices display nonmonotonic relations to the acceptance of electronic channel. When strategic consumers have high patience, all firms prefer to decrease prices in both periods. The interaction of the acceptance of electronic channel and discount factor mediate the optimal mode choice for the firms. In most cases, the reselling dual‐channel and agency selling dual‐channel format are preferable for the retailer and the e‐retailer, respectively.
Altered Cholinergic Innervation in De Novo Parkinson's Disease with and Without Cognitive Impairment
Authors: van der Zee Sygrid , Kanel Prabesh , Gerritsen Marleen J.J. , Boertien Jeffrey M. , Slomp Anne C. , Müller Martijn L.T.M. , Bohnen Nicolaas I. , Spikman Jacoba M. , van Laar Teus
Published: January 2022

Background

Altered cholinergic innervation plays a putative role in cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD) at least in advanced stages. Identification of the relationship between cognitive impairment and cholinergic innervation early in the disease will provide better insight into disease prognosis and possible early intervention.

Objective

The aim was to assess regional cholinergic innervation status in de novo patients with PD, with and without cognitive impairment.

Methods

Fifty‐seven newly diagnosed, treatment‐naive, PD patients (32 men, mean age 64.6 ± 8.2 years) and 10 healthy controls (5 men, mean age 54.6 ± 6.0 years) were included. All participants underwent cholinergic [18F]fluoroethoxybenzovesamicol positron emission tomography and detailed neuropsychological assessment. PD patients were classified as either cognitively normal (PD‐NC) or mild cognitive impairment (PD‐MCI). Whole brain voxel‐based group comparisons were performed.

Results

Results show bidirectional cholinergic innervation changes in PD. Both PD‐NC and PD‐MCI groups showed significant cortical cholinergic denervation compared to controls (P < 0.05, false discovery rate corrected), primarily in the posterior cortical regions. Higher‐than‐normal binding was most prominent in PD‐NC in both cortical and subcortical regions, including the cerebellum, cingulate cortex, putamen, gyrus rectus, hippocampus, and amygdala.

Conclusion

Altered cholinergic innervation is already present in de novo patients with PD. Posterior cortical cholinergic losses were present in all patients independent of cognitive status. Higher‐than‐normal binding in cerebellar, frontal, and subcortical regions in cognitively intact patients may reflect compensatory cholinergic upregulation in early‐stage PD. Limited or failing cholinergic upregulation may play an important role in early, clinically evident cognitive impairment in PD. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Characterization of the sodium binding state in several food products by23Na nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: El Sabbagh Nour , Bonny Jean‐Marie , Clerjon Sylvie , Chassain Carine , Pagés Guilhem
Published: January 2022

In food, salt has several key roles including conservative and food perception. For this latter, it is well‐known that the interaction of sodium with the food matrix modifies the consumer perception. It is then critical to characterize these interactions in various real foods. For this purpose, we exploited the information obtained on both single and double quantum23Na nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies. All salted food samples studied showed strong interactions with the food matrix leading to quadrupolar interactions. However, for some of them, the single quantum analysis did not match the theoretical prediction. This was explained by the presence of another type of sodium population, which did not produce quadrupolar interactions. This finding is of critical importance to perform quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to understand the consumer salty taste perception.
T1D‐weighted ihMT imaging – Part I. Isolation of long‐ and short‐T1D components by T1D‐filtering
Authors: Hertanu Andreea , Soustelle Lucas , Le Troter Arnaud , Buron Julie , Le Priellec Julie , Carvalho Victor N. D. , Cayre Myriam , Durbec Pascale , Varma Gopal , Alsop David C. , Girard Olivier M. , Duhamel Guillaume
Published: January 2022

Purpose

To identify T1D‐filtering methods, which can specifically isolate various ranges of T1D components as they may be sensitive to different microstructural properties.

Methods

Modified Bloch‐Provotorov equations describing a bi‐T1D component biophysical model were used to simulate the inhomogeneous magnetization transfer (ihMT) signal from ihMTRAGE sequences at high RF power and low duty‐cycle with different switching time values for the dual saturation experiment: Δt = 0.0, 0.8, 1.6, and 3.2 ms. Simulations were compared with experimental signals on the brain gray and white matter tissues of healthy mice at 7T.

Results

The lengthening of Δt created ihMT high‐pass T1D‐filters, which efficiently eliminated the signal from T1D components shorter than 1 ms, while partially attenuating that of longer components (≥ 1 ms). Subtraction of ihMTR images obtained with Δt = 0.0 ms and Δt = 0.8 ms generated a new ihMT band‐pass T1D‐filter isolating short‐T1D components in the 100‐µs to 1‐ms range. Simulated ihMTR values in central nervous system tissues were confirmed experimentally.

Conclusion

Long‐ and short‐T1D components were successfully isolated with high RF power and low duty‐cycle ihMT filters in the healthy mouse brain. Future studies should investigate the various T1D‐range microstructural correlations in in vivo tissues.
Local factor H production by human choroidal endothelial cells mitigates complement deposition: implications for macular degeneration
Authors: Mulfaul Kelly , Mullin Nathaniel K , Giacalone Joseph C , Voigt Andrew P , R DeVore Melette , Stone Edwin M , Tucker Budd A , Mullins Robert F
Published: January 2022

Activation of the alternative complement pathway is an initiating event in the pathology of age‐related macular degeneration (AMD). Unchecked complement activation leads to the formation of a pro‐lytic pore, the membrane attack complex (MAC). MAC deposition is observed on the choriocapillaris of AMD patients and likely causes lysis of choroidal endothelial cells (CECs). Complement factor H (FH, encoded by the gene CFH) is an inhibitor of complement. Both loss of function of FH and reduced choroidal levels of FH have been reported in AMD. It is plausible that reduced local FH availability promotes MAC deposition on CECs. FH is produced primarily in the liver; however, cells including the retinal pigment epithelium can produce FH locally. We hypothesized that CECs produce FH locally to protect against MAC deposition. We aimed to investigate the effect of reduced FH levels in the choroid to determine whether increasing local FH could protect CECs from MAC deposition. We demonstrated that siRNA knockdown of FH (CFH) in human immortalized CECs results in increased MAC deposition. We generated AMD iPSC‐derived CECs and found that overexpression of FH protects against MAC deposition. These results suggest that local CEC‐produced FH protects against MAC deposition, and that increasing local FH protein may be beneficial in limiting MAC deposition in AMD. © 2022 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Impact of treatment refusal and abandonment on survival outcomes in pediatric osteosarcoma in Southeast Asia: A multicenter study
Authors: Monsereenusorn Chalinee , Alcasabas Ana Patricia , Loh Amos Hong Pheng , Soh Shui Yen , Leung Kenneth Wong Pak , Kimpo Miriam , Dhamne Chetan , Blair Sally , Lam Catherine , Photia Apichat , Rujkijyanont Piya , Traivaree Chanchai , Pairojboriboon Sutipat , Rodriguez‐Galindo Carlos ,   the Asian Childhood Cancer Alliance Osteosarcoma Study Group
Published: January 2022

Background

Treatment refusal and abandonment (TxRA) are major barriers to improving outcomes among children with sarcomas of the extremities as curative treatment options bearing on amputation or disfiguring surgery, particularly in countries with limited resources. A multi‐institutional retrospective study was conducted to determine the predictive factors for TxRA among patients with osteosarcoma associated with survival outcomes across Southeast Asia (SEA).

Methods

Pediatric patients with osteosarcoma treated between January 1998 and December 2017 in four SEA pediatric oncology centers from three countries were studied. Nelson–Aalen estimates, Kaplan–Meier method, and Cox's proportion hazard model were applied to address the cumulative incidence, survival outcomes, and to identify prognostic factors associated with TxRA.

Results

From a total of 208 patients with osteosarcoma enrolled; 18 (8.7%) patients refused and 41 (19.7%) patients abandoned treatment. Income classification of countries, age at diagnosis, tumor size, disease extent, chemotherapy protocols, and types of surgery were associated with TxRA. Tumor size more than 15 cm was an independent risk factor associated with TxRA. The 5‐year overall and relapse‐free survivals were 49.4% and 50.4%, respectively. However, these rates declined further to 37.9% and 35.8%, respectively, when TxRA were considered as events. Tumor size larger than 15 cm and metastatic disease were independent risk factors associated with TxRA‐sensitive outcomes.

Conclusion

The prevalence of TxRA was high in SEA, particularly in lower middle‐income countries. Factors associated with TxRA related to tumor burden. Treatment outcomes could be substantially improved by lowering the refusal and abandonment rates.
Current and emerging prostheses for partial hand amputation: A narrative review
Authors: Kim Gabriel M. , Powell Jordan E. , Lacey Sean A. , Butkus Josef A. , Smith Douglas G.
Published: January 2022

Partial hand amputation can have a tremendous range of impact and functional loss on a person's life. One solution to improve function and address some of the problems that partial hand amputees face is to fit them with a prosthesis. Partial hand prosthetic devices range in a wide spectrum in both function and aesthetics. At this time, there is no one, perfect prosthetic device that can replace what is lost. Many individuals with partial hand amputation require more than one prosthetic device. In this review article, we explored and compared several prosthetic options that have been investigated and marketed by researchers and companies. Some of these options include passive, body‐powered, activity‐specific, and externally‐powered prostheses. Lastly, we described our experiences with partial hand prostheses at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center.
DNA‐repair status should be assessed in treatment‐emergent neuroendocrine prostate cancer before platinum‐based therapy
Authors: Zhu Shimiao , Zhang Zheng , Zhang Hui , Liu Zihao , Liu Min , Liu Qing , Zang Li , Wang Lili , Ji Junpeng , Wu Bo , Sun Libin , Zhang Zhenting , Cao Heran , Wang Yong , Wang Haitao , Shang Zhiqun , Niu Yuanjie
Published: January 2022

Objectives

This study sought to provide contemporary data from a multi‐institution with respect to DNA‐repair genes (DRGs) status and its impact on effects of platinum‐based chemotherapy in treatment‐emergent neuroendocrine prostate cancer (t‐NEPC), for which little data exist.

Patients and Methods

All patients were retrospectively collected with eligible biopsied tissues for targeted next generation sequencing (NGS). The main outcomes were radiologic progression‐free survival and overall survival according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, version 1.1.

Results

Among the 43 NEPC patients, 13/43 (30%) harbored homozygous deletions, deleterious mutations, or both in DRGs. Eleven patients (11/13, 85%) with DRGs aberrations had effective response, including 7 patients with BRCA1/2 defects and 2 with mismatch repair‐deficient caused by MSH2 alterations. While significantly fewer responders (30%) were detected in patients without DRGs aberrations (odds ratio = 12.83, p = 0.003). Compared with patients without genomic DRGs aberrations, the hazard ratio (HR) for radiologic progression in those with DRGs defects was 0.42 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.19–0.93), and the HR for death was 0.65 (95% CI: 0.24–1.72). The most common adverse event of Grade 3 or 4 was anemia, as noted in 7 patients (16%).

Conclusion

The DRGs status is therapeutically meaningful in t‐NEPC. Given the potential responses to platinum‐based chemotherapy, our findings support the clinical use of NGS in t‐NEPC patients to identify DRGs aberrations.
Development of an Electrochemical Cell for In Operando Characterization of Lithium/Electrolyte Interface Using X‐Ray Total Reflection
Authors: Fujii Kairi , Kibino Keisuke , Kimura Koji , Yoshii Kazuki , Kiuchi Hisao , Hirano Tatsumi , Takabayashi Yasuhiro , Sakaebe Hikari , Hayashi Kouichi
Published: January 2022

A cell dedicated to the characterization of the electrolyte side of the Li/electrolyte interface is developed. The reflected X‐rays from the electrolyte side of the Li/electrolyte interface are measured using the developed cell. The total reflection X‐ray of the Li/electrolyte interface is successfully detected, and the critical angle is near the calculated value. In addition, the critical angle after the application of current is also in good agreement with the calculated value. Furthermore, grazing‐incidence X‐ray scattering measurements show characteristic signals that may reflect the structural change of the electrolyte, resulting from the redox reaction at the interface region. Small changes are captured in the scattering pattern of the electrolyte in the interfacial region caused by oxidation and reduction.
Chirality–helicity of cumulenes: A non‐scalar charge density derived perspective
Authors: Xing Hui , Azizi Alireza , Momen Roya , Xu Tianlv , Kirk Steven R. , Jenkins Samantha
Published: January 2022

We investigate the presence of helical character and chirality using a vector‐based charge density perspective instead of energetic or structural measures. The vector‐based perspective of the chemical bonding, constructed using the most preferred direction of charge density accumulation, finds the presence of induced symmetry‐breaking for α,ω‐disubstituted [4]cumulenes as the end groups are torsioned. The stress tensor trajectories Tσ(s) are used to provide the additional symmetry‐breaking required to quantify the degree and nature of the chirality and helical character. The S‐1,5‐dimethyl‐[4]cumulene contains a very low degree of chiral character but significant axiality(helicity) resulting in a weakly helical morphology of the corresponding Tσ(s). The (‐)S(‐), (+)S(‐) and (+)S(+) conformations of S‐1,5‐diamino‐[4]cumulene contain very significant degrees of both chirality and helical character resulting in helical morphology of the corresponding Tσ(s). We discuss the consequences for the Tσ(s) in locating chiral character in these molecules in future experiment investigations.
Piezoelectric Optomechanical Approaches for Efficient Quantum Microwave‐to‐Optical Signal Transduction: The Need for Co‐Design
Authors: Balram Krishna C. , Srinivasan Kartik
Published: January 2022

Piezoelectric optomechanical platforms represent one of the most promising routes toward achieving quantum transduction of photons between the microwave and optical frequency domains. However, there are significant challenges to achieving near‐unity transduction efficiency. The authors discuss such factors in the context of the two main approaches being pursued for high efficiency transduction. The first approach uses 1D nanobeam optomechanical crystals excited by interdigitated transducers and is characterized by large single‐photon optomechanical coupling strength, limited intracavity pump photon population to avoid absorption‐induced heating (at cryogenic temperature), and low phonon injection efficiency from the transducer to the optomechanical cavity. The second approach uses (quasi) bulk acoustic wave resonators integrated into photonic Fabry–Perot cavity geometries and is characterized by low single‐photon optomechanical coupling strength, high intracavity pump photon population without significant heating, and high phonon injection efficiency. After reviewing the current status of both approaches, the need for co‐designing the electromechanical and optomechanical sub‐systems is discussed in order to achieve high transduction efficiencies, taking the GaAs piezo‐optomechanical platform as an example.
Heterostructure of RuO2‐RuP2/Ru Derived from HMT‐based Coordination Polymers as Superior pH‐Universal Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Zhao Ying , Zhang Xiaoyin , Gao Yuxiao , Chen Zhi , Li Zhenjiang , Ma Tianyi , Wu Zexing , Wang Lei , Feng Shouhua
Published: January 2022

Searching for Pt‐like activity, stable and economic electrocatalysts that can function at various pH values for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is under increasing interest for the scientific community as H2 is a very promising energy carrier with great potential development value for renewable energy conversion. Herein, a unique self‐supported heterostructure of RuO2‐RuP2/Ru on the N, P co‐doped carbon matrix (Ru‐HMT‐MP‐7) is demonstrated, which is derived from HMT‐based coordination polymers as superior pH‐universal electrocatalysts. In the strategy, pyrolysis and phosphating processes are simultaneously proceeded that can produce the unique heterostructure containing three phases of RuO2, RuP2, and Ru, at the same time the generated RuO2‐RuP2/Ru can be highly dispersed on the self‐assembly N, P co‐doped carbon substrates. The resulting heterostructure Ru‐HMT‐MP‐7 exhibits excellent activity superior to that of benchmark Pt/C with low overpotentials at 10 mA cm−2 (33 mV for 1.0 M KOH, 29 mV for 0.5 M H2SO4 and 86 mV for 1.0 M PBS) and long‐term electrocatalysis durability toward HER at various pH values. The rational construction strategy paves a novel avenue for obtaining superior pH‐universal catalysts for electrochemical energy storage and conversion.