bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sistem Data Logger Lima Channel Input untuk Sensor Navigasi Kapal Maritim
Authors: Heriana Octa , Mulyadi Heru Rahmat
Published: April 2017

Sistem data logger telah banyak dikembangkan untuk berbagai keperluan perolehan data untuk melakukan proses monitoring dan akuisisi data. Penelitian ini adalah aplikasi data logger untuk pemrosesan lima data dari sensor-sensor navigasi pada suatu kapal maritim. Peralatan sensor navigasi kapal maritim di Indonesia sudah mendukung protokol komunikasi secara digital yang mengacu pada format standar komunikasi sensor kemaritiman National Marine Electronics Association (NMEA). Terdapat lima sensor navigasi yang digunakan sebagai standar minimal yang mendukung kapal maritim untuk dapat beroperasi di lautan, yaitu; sensor GPS, Gyrocompass, Echosounder, Weather dan Velocity. Penelitian ini mencoba untuk menampung lima buah data sensor yang berbeda, kemudian menggabungkannya dalam suatu variabel dengan susunan format data yang baru sebagai data output. Data output kemudian dikirimkan pada PC untuk diterjemahkan melalui software, dan data setiap sensor ditampilkan pada software aplikasi tersebut. Sistem ini dibangun dengan Arduino ATMega328 sebagai prosesor. Pengkondisi data input dibuat dengan kombinasi rangkaian IC 74LS08 dan IC 74LS32. Hasil penelitian ini adalah prototipe data logger yang menangani sejumlah lima data sensor dengan format standar NMEA dan satu output data sensor-sensor yang telah disusun dengan format tertentu, dengan tingkat akurasi saat pengiriman data sebesar 100% dan ekstraksi data pada software aplikasi display sebesar; 96% untuk sensor GPS, 97% untuk Gyro, 98% untuk Echosounder, 97% untuk Weather, dan 98% untuk sensor Velocity.
Simulasi dan Analisis Transmisi Multihop Mobile WiMAX Dengan Metode Hybrid
Authors: Asvial Muhamad , Nugroho Taufiq
Published: April 2017

Makalah ini membahas tentang pengembangan relay station untuk transmisi downlink Mobile WiMAX dengan menggunakan metode hybrid, yaitu metode transmisi yang menggunakan tiga buah transmisi. Ketiga transmisi tersebut yaitu dua buah transmisi yang melewati relay station terlebih dahulu baru ke receiver dan satu buah transmisi langsung dari pengirim ke penerima. Pada relay station ada dua kondisi yang berlaku, yaitu Decode and Forward (DF) dan Amplify and Forward (AF). Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa ketika Relay Station dalam mode forwarding Amplify and Forward (AF) akan memperoleh BER yang kecil sehingga throughput besar dan merupakan perfomansi yang terbaik. Ketika masing-masing relay station diatur agar menggunakan mode forwarding yang berbeda, misalnya AF pada relay station 1 dan DF pada Relay Station 2 atau sebaliknya akan memperoleh hasil yang sama. Sedangkan ketika kedua relay station diatur untuk menggunakan mode forwarding Decode and Forward (DF), maka BER yang dihasilkan besar dan throughput-nya pun kecil, dan kondisi ini merupakan yang terburuk.
Participação social na saúde no Brasil – revisão integrativa
Authors: MAEYAMA Marcos Aurelio , BERTUCCI Felipe Marcolini Dantas , LOBLEIN Juliano de Paula , DOLNY Luíse Ludke , NILSON Luana Gabriele , MUNARO Clarice Aparecida , CUTOLO Luiz Roberto Agea
Published: April 2017

Este artigo discute a participação social no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde, em especial os conselhos de saúde, tendo como referência a construção da democracia participativa, como forma ampla de direito à cidadania. Foi realizada revisão integrativa de 147 artigos e utilizados 55 para este estudo. O material passou por análise de conteúdo temático e apresentou como resultado quatro grandes categorias relacionadas à participação social: conceitos e contexto da participação, empoderamento, representação e representatividade. A pesquisa conclui que em todas as categorias analisadas existe grande distorção de seus sentidos e propósitos, necessitando de ampla discussão e ações para seu desenvolvimento e consolidação, para a garantia do exercício da cidadania.
Interesse público na saúde: saúde suplementar e hegemonia mercantilista
Authors: ALVES Thaís Fávero , LIMA Rita de Cássia Gabrielli Souza
Published: April 2017

O presente artigo analisou os sentidos atribuídos à expressão ‘interesse público’ na saúde, apresentada como finalidade institucional da Agência Nacional de Saúde Suplementar em sua Lei de criação. Para tal, realizou-se pesquisa em documentos legais e infralegais relacionados à origem da Agência e suas atividades regulatórias, no recorte histórico de 1985 a 2000. Concluiu-se que, no Brasil, o interesse público carrega sentidos mercadológicos desde a década de 1920, com a instituição das CAPs, intensificando-se no período da ditadura militar e chegando ao seu ápice com a regulação e a oficialização deste mercado nos governos neoliberais instituídos no País a partir dos anos 1990.
A comissão de integração ensino e serviço regional: sua trajetória no estado de Santa Catarina
Authors: SANDRI Juliana Vieira de Araújo , OLIBONE Suzany de Fátima Henchoste , RANGEL Rita de Cassia Teixeira , PATERNO Elenice Maria , DE PAULO Milenny Valérie Lopes , BITTELBRUNN Caroline
Published: April 2017

Com a finalidade de apoiar tecnicamente e de contribuir no processo de monitoramento e avaliação das ações educativas em saúde previstas no artigo 14 da lei 8.080/90 e na NOB/RH – Sistema Único de Saúde, foram instituídas as Comissões de Integração Ensino e Serviço Regionais e Estaduais (CIES). Este artigo objetiva apresentar temas fundamentais da trajetória de participação da CIES Regional no Estado de Santa Catarina. Estudo qualitativo documental através das atas das reuniões da CIES Estadual (2011 a 2014). Os resultados apontam que a pesquisa multicêntrica e a parceria entre CIES, Comissão Intergestora Regional (CIR e Instituições de Ensino) foram importantes para o fortalecimento da Política Nacional de Educação Permanente em Saúde (PNEPS no estado e que o trabalho coletivo desenvolvido nas CIES Regionais e Estadual possibilitam a remodelação e a execução do Plano de Ação de Educação Permanente em Saúde.
Adoção: um estudo sobre a perspectiva de pais adotivos
Authors: LANFREDI Camila Aline , PEREIRA Michele da Silva , OLIVEIRA Márcia Aparecida Miranda de
Published: April 2017

A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar a vivência de pais adotantes frente à adoção de uma criança. Para isso realizou-se uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa com dois casais e duas mães, que efetuaram a adoção há no mínimo quatro anos, totalizando seis participantes como população para a pesquisa. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se uma ficha de identificação e uma entrevista semiestruturada do tipo exploratória. A análise de dados foi realizada pelo método de Análise de Conteúdo. Como resultado da pesquisa foi possível perceber que a realização da adoção tem como principal mobilizador a infertilidade de um dos cônjuges, aliada ao desejo intrínseco de se tornar pai/mãe. Em três dos quatro casos, percebeu-se que a construção do vínculo ocorreu de forma gradual. Referente ao relacionamento familiar, três dos casos referem que o mesmo é considerado pelos participantes como agradável e sem ocorrência de nenhum episódio perturbador ao convívio familiar. No entanto, um dos casos apresentou realidade distinta da relatada pelos demais, o que permite evidenciar que a dinâmica familiar constituída a partir da adoção apresenta diferentes contextos e complexidades.
Response of antioxidant enzymes to cadmium-induced cytotoxicity in rat cerebellar granule neurons
Authors: Karoui-Kharrat Dhouha , Kaddour Hadhemi , Hamdi Yosra , Mokni Meherzia , Amri Mohamed , Mezghani Sana
Published: April 2017

Cadmium (Cd) accumulates in the brain and can damage neurons via complex processes involving oxidative stress induction. In this study we used a homogenous population of neurons which are cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) to investigate damage induced by Cd and its effects on antioxidant enzyme activity. The exposure of CGNs to increasing concentrations of Cd (2.5 μM-100 μM) during 24 h, 48 h, or 72 h led to the induction of neuronal death in a dose- and exposure time-dependent manner. The necrotic and/or apoptotic pathway involved in the cell death trigged by Cd seems to depend on the concentration of Cd and the exposure time. In addition to its cell damage, Cd was shown to affect the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) depending on the concentration of Cd and the exposure time. We also found that the exposure to Cd induces a bigger change in SOD activity than in CAT activity. Taken together, our findings explain, in part, the mechanism of Cd toxicity in a specific type of neuron which can provide information related to neurological pathologies ascribed to Cd toxicity.
A brief analysis of patients suffering from stomach or duodenal ulcers in Almaty hospital №1
Authors: Aryzbekova Aliya , Juszkiewicz Konrad Tomasz , Burgess Donald Eduard , Polski Andrzej , Poleszak Ewa
Published: April 2017

Peptic ulcers are a serious problem worldwide, and affect about 4 million people each year. Their etiology is connected with the presence of Helicobacter pylori, the act of smoking, drinking alcohol, being stress, and taking excessively nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, as well as steroids. The most common symptoms are abdominal pain, nausea, chest pain and fatigue, while less frequent symptoms include vomiting and weight loss. Helicobacter pylori is responsible for about 80% of gastric and 90% of duodenal ulcer cases. In this work, an analysis is made of a correlation between stomach or duodenal ulcer and gender, residence and number of patients hospitalized in the Almaty hospital №1, from 2009-2012, in order to learn about trends in the incidence of these diseases in Kazakhstan. A total number of 950 patients with stomach and duodenal ulcers, in 2009-2012, were questioned. The patient’s residence, gender and stomach or duodenal ulcer problem were taken into account in the study. The result of this work reveals that the largest amount of hospitalized patients suffering from stomach or duodenal ulcers came from urban areas. Moreover, more women than men suffered from peptic ulcers. Furthermore, the number of patients admitted to the hospital due to duodenal ulcers did not show any variation throughout the study. However, the least number of patients suffering from gastric ulcers was noticed in December 2009, and the greatest was in October and November 2011. The obtained data show that ulcers are a serious problem in Kazakhstan.
BMI in patients with obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Dobrowolska-Zarzycka Magdalena , Dunin-Wilczynska Izabella , Mitura Iwona , Szymanska Jolanta
Published: April 2017

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a disease of multicasual etiology. The risk factors include obesity, among other issues. Hence, it is extremely important to determine the effect of body weight on the severity of OSA. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of the body weight expressed as body mass index (BMI), on the value of upper airways diameter and on the AHI (Apnea-Hypopnea Index) value. The study was comprised of 41 patients diagnosed with OSA by way of polysomnography. Each patient was first examine via a lateral cephalometric image of the skull, which served to measure the upper and lower diameter of the upper airways. BMI was also calculated for each patient. Statistical analysis was carried out in accordance with Pearson’s correlation coefficient test. Our work demonstrated a negative correlation between BMI and the diameter of the upper airways, and a positive correlation between BMI and AHI value. We thus put forward that the increase in body weight in patients with OSA can contribute to the severity of the disease, regardless of the fact that it may not lead to a reduction of the lumen of the upper airways.
The effect of short-term lithium treatment on head twitches induced by 5-hydroxytryptophan in mice
Authors: Szymczyk Halina , Danilczuk Zofia , Wielosz Marian
Published: April 2017

The effectiveness of lithium in the treatment of affective disorders is well documented. However, the mechanism of this effect is still unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of lithium on serotonergic neurons. The evaluation of the serotoninergic system activity was performed on the basis of an experimental model of head twitch response triggered by direct or indirect stimulation of serotonin 5-HT2 receptors in the brain. The obtained results indicated that the lithium chloride co-applied with a direct precursor of serotonin - 5-hydroxytryptophan used in a threshold dose and with carbidopa, generated head twitch response in mice. What is more, an enhancement of head twitch response in mice was observed after repeated 5-hydroxytryptophan application in head twitch-evoking doses. Moreover, inhibition of the serotonine storage in nerve endings in mice was evoked by reserpine administration. Furthermore, lithium increased the effect of 5-hydroxytryptophan given in a threshold dose and a head twitchevoking dose, respectively. In addition, when P-chlorphenylalanine (pCPA), an inhibitor of the serotonin synthesis within the serotonergic neurons, was given simultaneously with the lithium chloride, carbidopa and 5-hydroxytryptophan in the threshold dose, as well as with the lithium chloride and 5-hydroxytryptophan given at head twitchevoking dosage, pCPA administration decreased the number of head twitches responses in both experimental models, as well as in the reserpinized mice subjected to the lithium chloride and 5-hydroxytryptophan application. Finally, 5,7-dihydroxytryptamineevoked serotoninergic nerve endings destruction led to absolute inhibition of headtwitch response when observed after the lithium and 5-hydroxytryptophan application. Moreover, the increase by lithium 5-hydroxytryptophan-evoke head twitch response was inhibited by administration of the ritanserine - a 5-HT2 serotonin receptor blocking agent.

In summary, our data show that lithium induced an enhancement of serotonergic neurotransmission due to its action on presynaptic serotonergic terminals.
Wideband Monopole Fractal Heptagonal Antenna Implementation in X-Band Frequency Range
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Naeem , Ur-Rahman Hamood , Tauqeer T , Ramer Rodica
Published: April 2017

A wideband heptagonal fractal monopole antenna with coplanar waveguide feed is designed and fabricated in X-band frequency range. Comparison of heptagonal fractal monopole antennas with two different substrates to achieve optimum efficiency for UWB applications is presented. FR4 and RT/Duroid 5880 substrates are used for antenna design and fabrication. Four iterations of base shape are used. Fractal antenna has omni-directional radiation pattern. Simulated and measured results showed that monopole fractal antenna with RT/Duroid 5880 substrate has better performance than fractal antenna with FR4 substrate in terms of bandwidth and return loss. Major application area of proposed antenna is wireless body area networks.
Design of High Performance Microstrip LPF with Analytical Transfer Function
Authors: Mousavi Seyed Mohammad Hadi , Raziani Saeed , Falihi Ali
Published: April 2017

By exploiting butterfly and T-shaped resonators, a new design of microstrip lowpass filter (LPF) is proposed and analyzed. The LPF is investigated in four sections. Analyzing initial resonator and its equation in detail, providing a sharp skirt by using series configuration, suppressing in middle frequencies and suppressing in high frequencies are focused in each section, respectively. To present a theoretical design, LC equivalent circuit and transfer function are precisely calculated. The measured insertion loss of the LPF is less that 0.4 dB in frequency range from DC up to 1.25 GHz, and the return loss is better than 16 dB. A narrow transition band of 217 MHz and a roll-off rate of 170.5 dB /GHz are indicative of a sharp skirt. By utilizing T-shaped and modified T-shaped resonators in the third and fourth sections, respectively, a relative stopband bandwidth (RSB) of 166 % is obtained. Furthermore, the proposed LPF occupies a small circuit of
Knickzone Extraction Tool (KET) – A new ArcGIS toolset for automatic extraction of knickzones from a DEM based on multi-scale stream gradients
Authors: Zahra Tuba , Paudel Uttam , Hayakawa Yuichi S. , Oguchi Takashi
Published: April 2017

Extraction of knickpoints or knickzones from a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) has gained immense significance owing to the increasing implications of knickzones on landform development. However, existing methods for knickzone extraction tend to be subjective or require time-intensive data processing. This paper describes the proposed Knickzone Extraction Tool (KET), a new raster-based Python script deployed in the form of an ArcGIS toolset that automates the process of knickzone extraction and is both fast and more user-friendly. The KET is based on multi-scale analysis of slope gradients along a river course, where any locally steep segment (knickzone) can be extracted as an anomalously high local gradient. We also conducted a comparative analysis of the KET and other contemporary knickzone identification techniques. The relationship between knickzone distribution and its morphometric characteristics are also examined through a case study of a mountainous watershed in Japan.
Microwave assisted biosynthesis of rice shaped ZnO nanoparticles usingAmorphophallus konjactuber extract and its application in dye sensitized solar cells
Authors: Naresh Kumar P. , Sakthivel K. , Balasubramanian V.
Published: April 2017

Rice shaped ZnO nanoparticles have been synthesized for the first time by a biological process usingAmorphophallus konjactuber extract and used as a photoanode in a dye sensitized solar cell. The glucomannan present in aqueous tuber extract acted as a reducing agent in the synthesis process, further it also acted as a template which modified and controlled the shape of the nanoparticles. The synthesized nanoparticles were dried by microwave irradiation followed by annealing at 400 °C. The FESEM and TEM images confirmed that the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles had rice shaped morphology. Furthermore, the X-ray diffraction studies revealed that the prepared ZnO nanoparticles exhibited wurtzite phase with average particle size of 17.9 nm. The UV-Vis spectroscopy studies confirmed the value of band gap energy of biosynthesized ZnO nanoparticles as 3.11 eV. The photoelectrodes for dye sensitized solar cells were prepared with the biosynthesized ZnO nanoparticles using doctor blade method. The photoelectrode was sensitized using the fruit extract ofTerminalia catappa, flower extracts ofCallistemon citrinusand leaf extracts ofEuphorbia pulcherrima. The dye sensitized solar cells were fabricated using the sensitized photoelectrode and their open circuit voltages and short circuit current densities were found to be in the range of 0.45 V to 0.55 V and 5.6 mA/cm2to 6.8 mA/cm2, respectively. Thus, the photovoltaic performances of all the natural dye sensitized ZnO solar cells show better conversion efficiencies due to the morphology and preparation technique.
Influence of zinc concentration on band gap and sub-band gap absorption on ZnO nanocrystalline thin films sol-gel grown
Authors: Munirah  , Khan Ziaul Raza , Aziz Anver , Khan Mohd. Shahid , Khandaker M.U.
Published: April 2017

ZnO thin films were fabricated on quartz substrates at different zinc acetate molar concentrations using sol-gel spin coating method. The samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscope, UV-Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Sub-band gap absorption of ZnO thin films in the forbidden energy region was carried out using highly sensitive photothermal deflection spectroscopy (PDS). The absorption coefficients of ZnO thin films increased in the range of 1.5 eV to 3.0 eV, upon increasing zinc concentration. The optical band gaps were evaluated using Tauc’s plots and found to be in the range of 3.31 eV to 3.18 eV. They showed the red shift in the band edge on increase in zinc concentration. The PL spectra of ZnO thin films revealed the characteristic band edge emission centered at the 396 nm along with green emission centered at the 521 nm.
Production decline type curves analysis of a finite conductivity fractured well in coalbed methane reservoirs
Authors: Wei Mingqiang , Wen Ming , Duan Yonggang , Fang Quantang , Ren Keyi
Published: April 2017

Production decline type curves analysis is one of the robust methods used to analyze transport flow behaviors and to evaluate reservoir properties, original gas in place, etc. Although advanced production decline analysis methods for several well types in conventional reservoirs are widely used, there are few models of production decline type curves for a fractured well in coalbed methane (CBM) reservoirs. In this work, a novel pseudo state diffusion and convection model is firstly developed to describe CBM transport in matrix systems. Subsequently, based on the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, pseudo state diffusion and convection in matrix systems and Darcy flow in cleat systems, the production model of a CBM well with a finite conductivity fracture is derived and solved by Laplace transform. Advanced production decline type curves of a fractured well in CBM reservoirs are plotted through the Stehfest numerical inversion algorithm and computer programming. Six flow regimes, including linear flow regime, early radial flow in cleat systems, interporosity flow regime, late pseudo radial flow regime, transient regime and boundary dominated flow regime, are recognized. Finally, the effect of relevant parameters, including the storage coefficient of gas in cleat systems, the transfer coefficient from a matrix system to the cleat system, the modified coefficient of permeability, dimensionless fracture conductivity and dimensionless reservoir drainage radius, are analyzed on type curves. This paper does not only enrich the production decline type curves model of CBM reservoirs, but also expands our understanding of fractured well transport behaviors in CBM reservoirs and guides to analyze the well's production performance.
Analysis of Product Distribution Strategy in Digital Publishing Industry Based on Game-Theory
Authors: Xu Li-ping , Chen Haiyan
Published: April 2017

The digital publishing output increased significantly year by year. It has been the most vigorous point of economic growth and has been more important to press and publication industry. Its distribution channel has been diversified, which is different from the traditional industry. A deep research has been done in digital publishing industry, for making clear of the constitution of the industry chain and establishing the model of industry chain. The cooperative and competitive relationship between different distribution channels have been analyzed basing on a game-theory. By comparing the distribution quantity and the market size between the static distribution strategy and dynamic distribution strategy, we get the theory evidence about how to choose the distribution strategy to get the optimal benefit.
Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor expression in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer and its impact on overall survival
Authors: Humar Mojca , Kern Izidor , Vlacic Gregor , Hadzic Vedran , Cufer Tanja
Published: April 2017

Background

The insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) expression has been addressed as a potential prognostic marker in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in various studies; however, the associations between IGF1R expression and prognosis of advanced NSCLC patients is still controversial. The aim of our observational, cohort study was to evaluate the expression of IGF1R in advanced NSCLC and its prognostic role. A subgroup analysis was performed to address the influence of pre-existing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) status on IGF1R expression and overall survival (OS).

Patients and methods

IGF1R expression was evaluated in 167 consecutive advanced NSCLC patients (stage IIIB and IV), diagnosed and treated at one university institution, between 2005 and 2010. All patients received at least one line of standard cytotoxic therapy and 18 of them had pre-existing T2DM. IGF1R expression was determined by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, with score ≥ 1+ considered as positive. Information on baseline characteristics, as well as patients’ follow-up data, were obtained from the hospital registry. Associations of IGF1R expression with clinical characteristics and overall survival were compared.

Results

IGF1R expression was positive in 79.6% of patients, significantly more often in squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC) compared to non-squamous-cell (NSCC) histology (88.7% vs. 74.3%; P = 0.03). IGF1R positivity did not correlate with T2DM status or with other clinical features (sex, smoking status, performance status). Median OS was similar between IGF1R positive and IGF1R negative group (10.2 vs. 8.5 months, P = 0.168) and between patients with or without T2DM (8.7 vs. 9.8 months, P = 0.575). Neither IGF1R expression nor T2DM were significant predictors of OS.

Conclusions

IGF1R or T2DM status were not significantly prognostic in described above collective of advanced NSCLC treated with at least one line of chemotherapy. In addition, no association between T2DM status and IGF1R expression was found. Further studies on IGF1R expression and its prognostic as well as therapeutic consequences in a larger collective of advanced NSCLC patients, with or without T2DM, are needed.
New bioactive compounds from the marine-derived actinomycete Nocardiopsis lucentensis sp. ASMR2
Authors: Eliwa Essam M. , Abdel-Razek Ahmed S. , Frese Marcel , Wibberg Daniel , Halawa Ahmed H. , El-Agrody Ahmed M. , Bedair Ahmed H. , Kalinowski Jörn , Sewald Norbert , Shaaban Mohamed
Published: April 2017

In the search for new bioactive compounds from extremophilic actinomycetes, a new marine actinomycete strain, Nocardiopsis lucentensis sp. ASMR2 has been isolated and taxonomically identified from marine plants collected in the Red Sea at Hurghada coasts. A large-scale fermentation of the strain on modified rice solid medium was performed, followed by work-up and purification of the obtained extract using a series of chromatographic purifications, delivering the novel butenolide system 3′-hydroxy-N-(2-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-4-yl)propionamide (1a) along with the naturally new 4-methoxy-2H-isoquinolin-1-one (2). Furthermore, eight known bioactive compounds are also reported, namely, indole-3-carboxylic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-acetic acid methyl ester, furan-2,5-dimethanol, tyrosol, glycerol linoleate, cyclo-(Tyr, Pro), and adenosine. The chemical structures of the new compounds (1a, 2) were confirmed by extensive one- and two-dimensional (1D and 2D) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, electron ionization high resolution (EI-HR) mass spectrometry, and by comparison with literature data. The antimicrobial activity of the strain extract, as well as of compounds 1a and 2, were studied using a panel of pathogenic microorganisms. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the bacterial extract and compounds 1a and 2 were studied against the human cervix carcinoma cell line (KB-3-1) and its multidrug-resistant subclone (KB-V1).
Age-Related Reversals in Neural Recruitment across Memory Retrieval Phases
Authors: Ford Jaclyn H. , Kensinger Elizabeth A.
Published: April 2017

Over the last several decades, neuroimaging research has identified age-related neural changes that occur during cognitive tasks. These changes are used to help researchers identify functional changes that contribute to age-related impairments in cognitive performance. One commonly reported example of such a change is an age-related decrease in the recruitment of posterior sensory regions coupled with an increased recruitment of prefrontal regions across multiple cognitive tasks. This shift is often described as a compensatory recruitment of prefrontal regions due to age-related sensory-processing deficits in posterior regions. However, age is not only associated with spatial shifts in recruitment, but also with temporal shifts, in which younger and older adults recruit the same neural region at different points in a task trial. The current study examines the possible contribution of temporal modifications in the often-reported posterior–anterior shift. Participants, ages 19–85, took part in a memory retrieval task with a protracted retrieval trial consisting of an initial memory search phase and a subsequent detail elaboration phase. Age-related neural patterns during search replicated prior reports of age-related decreases in posterior recruitment and increases in prefrontal recruitment. However, during the later elaboration phase, the same posterior regions were associated with age-related increases in activation. Further, ROI and functional connectivity results suggest that these posterior regions function similarly during search and elaboration. These results suggest that the often-reported posterior–anterior shift may not reflect the inability of older adults to engage in sensory processing, but rather a change in when they recruit this processing.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe current study provides evidence that the often-reported posterior–anterior shift in aging may not reflect a global sensory-processing deficit, as has often been reported, but rather a temporal modification in this processing in which older adults engage the same neural regions during a detail elaboration phase that younger adults engage during memory search. In other words, older adults may ultimately be able to engage the same processes as younger adults during some cognitive tasks when given the time to do so. Future research should examine the generalizability of this effect and the importance of encouraging older adults to engage in these processes through task instruction or questions.
Hermenéutica y Ciencias Sociales: a propósito del vínculo entre la interpretación de la narración de Paul Ricoeur y el enfoque de investigación biográfico-narrativo
Authors: Moreno Aponte Rodrigo
Published: April 2017

Este trabajo aborda la relación entre la hermenéutica y las ciencias humanas. En la introducción presentamos el panorama de heterogeneidad de conceptos, planteamientos y posturas críticas acerca de la primera. Ante este escenario, donde la hermenéutica está en revisión y construcción constante, el escrito se focaliza en sustentar cómo se relacionan las ideas de uno de los grandes referentes de la hermenéutica, Paul Ricoeur, con el enfoque de investigación cualitativa biográfica-narrativa. Para tal fin, dividimos el texto en cuatro partes. En principio, por medio de las ideas del filósofo francés, exponemos cómo las características del texto escrito y los elementos que lo hacen susceptible de ser interpretado se pueden llevar a la acción humana, y por ende, a la investigación que es propia de las ciencias humanas. En segundo lugar, presentamos las características esenciales del enfoque biográfico-narrativo, por medio de las diferencias respecto al enfoque biográfico. En la tercera parte, traemos las ideas de Ricoeur acerca de la narración, a la vez que las vinculamos con el enfoque de investigación cualitativa en el que se centra este escrito. Finalmente, planteamos las conclusiones.
Estilo de vida y factores socioeconómicos en estudiantes de electivas de actividad física y deporte de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana
Authors: Robles Catalina Zea , De Souza Martins Marlucio , Rodriguez Caro Gloria Consuelo , Molina Pinzón Arturo
Published: April 2017

El estudio tiene como finalidad correlacionar los estilos de vida y factores socioeconómicos con la salud de los estudiantes de las electivas de actividad física y deporte de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, sede Bogotá-Colombia. Es un estudio cuantitativo descriptivo, de corte transversal, con una muestra de 1410 estudiantes con edad entre 24 y 29 años que corresponde a 748 mujeres y 662 hombres. Fue aplicado un cuestionario estandarizado propuesto por Nahas (2013), que presenta los factores nutricionales, el estrés, la actividad física, el comportamiento preventivo y las relaciones sociales como componentes que afectan la salud de las personas y están asociados al desarrollo de las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. La menor calificación se encontró en los factores nutricionales, de actividad física y de conducta preventiva. Por otro lado, se encontró una mejor calificación en las relaciones sociales y el control del estrés. Los resultados socioeconómicos demuestran que los estudiantes tienen preferencia por deportes individuales; viven con los padres y familiares, ubicados en estrato de clase media, y se presenta un alto índice de padres con formación universitaria. Se concluye que existe una tendencia de estilos de vida no saludables que puede afectar negativamente la salud de esta población. Es importante desarrollar estrategias de intervención en el contexto social, para generar un cambio de conducta y adoptar un estilo de vida saludable para mejorar la calidad de vida.
The Prospect of Using Palm Wine As a Fluid Loss Control Agent In Water Based Drilling Mud
Authors: Akintola A. Sarah  , S. O. Isehunwa  , S. M. Oboh
Published: April 2017

The need to advance and project the use of local materials as suitable drilling fluid additive in the oil and gas industry in Nigeria led to the research on the possible use of palm wine and potash as additives in a water base drilling mud. A comparative study of these local materials (palm wine and potash) with imported foreign materials (lignite and caustic soda) as control were used in investigating the properties of a water base drilling fluid. A laboratory investigation of the effects of temperature and aging time on the properties of water-base drilling fluid is made with Fann Model 800 High Temperature and a High Pressure (HTHP) Viscometer, according to the API recommended standard practice. The results obtained showed similarity in the drilling fluid's rheological and filtration properties; mud weight and pH values for both local and foreign additives. The result from the mud sample prepared from the palm wine and potash had apparent viscosity, plastic viscosity and yield point decreasing steadily with increase in temperature for all aging time just as shown with the control sample, while the aging effect diminishing as the aging time increases. The potash was seen to have increased the mud pH from 7.0 to 12.9 pH units. The results, shows that both palm wine and potash can be used as suitable in water base drilling mud additive.
Research on High Density Water-Based Drilling Fluid of Complete Tectonic for the Southern Edge of the Junggar Basin
Authors: Wang Yuezhi , Liu Peixuan , Cao Guangfu , Zhi Hu  , Zhang Hao
Published: April 2017

The southern edge of the Junggar basin in China has great potential for oil and gas exploitation. However, during drilling in this area, many borehole problems occurred, which leads to low rate of penetration and long drilling cycle. The main reasons from the geological aspect was that this area was affected by tectonic process, which leaded to development of complete tectonic, formation nappe along fault, big dip angles and poor stability. The Formation E2-3a was dominated by mudstone which was sensitive to water and can easily cause shale hydration expansion and dispersal. The instability of the formation is one of the major causes of borehole collapse and tight hole shrinkage. In order to improve the drilling speed and accelerate the process of exploration of southern edge in Juggar basin, the drilling fluids used in this region are studied based on data of geology and drilling data in this paper, Based on the characteristics of the formation E2-3a, a new high density PRT-organic salt drilling fluid is selected by conducting a large number of laboratory tests. Test results of the inhibitory, sealing and stain resistance of this fluid indicates that it could satisfy the drilling requirement in southern edge of the Junggar basin. And field applications also turned out to be positive, the drilling speed was increased by 22% and drilling cycle was reduced by 4 days.
Formulating and Performance of Quick Drying Fog Seal Material
Authors: Qi Chen  , Rujun Zha  , Liang Zhao  , Xiaolu Zhang  , Hao Ling
Published: April 2017

A new fog seal material was formulated with asphalt rejuvenator, alcohol and co-solvent. The new material provides a quick drying performance and could be used for airport runways and elevated highways. Properties of the rejuvenator used in the fog seal materials were analyzed firstly by several instruments, and its functional groups were calculated. Then, the functional groups were used in the group-contribution method and Hansen solubility parameters theory to screen out a suitable co-solvent, which should have a better solubility in alcohol. Experimental results showed that the co-solvent N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone could greatly improve the solubility of the rejuvenator in alcohol. Ternary phase diagram was used to optimize the formula of the fog seal material. At last, the prepared material was evaluated and showed good performances of fast drying, stability and regeneration of aged asphalt.
Analysis of the Poly(Butylene Succinate-Co-Lactate)/ Montmorillonite-Kaolinite Nanocomposite in the Formation of Microcapsules
Authors: Maria das Graças da Silva-Valenzuela  , Bianca Bottega Michel  , Helio Wiebeck  , Francisco Rolando Valenzuela-Diaz  , Shu Hui Wang
Published: April 2017

A nanocomposite system comprised by a biodegradable polymer, poly(butylene succinate-co-lactate) (PBSL), and a Brazilian nanoclay (VMF1) containing montmorillonite (MMT) and kaolinite (K) is used to prepare microcapsules by solvent diffusion method. The nanocomposite PBSL/MMT-K and the microcapsules were characterized by wide angle X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), stereomicroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The overall results show that PBSL/MMT-K presents intercalated nanostructure of montmorillonite and kaolinite, both PBSL and PBSL/MMT-K proved to be very effective as matrix for production of uniform spherical microcapsules, as surveyed by scanning electron microscopy and stereomicroscopy. The spherical microcapsules repared from PBSL/MMT-K nanocomposite presented diameters smaller than 50Ž¼m, and can probably be used as delivery systems.
NAUJAS ŽVILGSNIS Į GRĖSMĘ, PAVOJŲ IR PAŽEIDŽIAMUMĄ
Authors: Paura Markas
Published: April 2017

Šiandienis kompiuteris nebėra vien tik skaičiavimo mašina – jo atliekamos funkcijos gerokai lenkia pirmtakų galimybes. Bet tai – tik mechanizmas ir jo veikimas kartkartėmis gali sutrikti. Tokius sutrikimus nagrinėja palyginti nauja kompiuterijos mokslo šaka – kompiuterių sauga. Dalykinė informacija apie kompiuterių saugą lietuvių kalba yra labai fragmentiška ir nesutvarkyta. Daug daugiau žinių yra sukaupę užsienio valstybių kovos su kompiuterių saugai nepageidaujamais veiksniais priemonių kūrėjai. Nagrinėdami užsienio specialistų pateikiamus kompiuterių saugos terminus ir jų apibrėžtis pastebėjome, kad bendrinės lietuvių kalbos žodis dažnai virsta tam tikrą reikšmę turinčiu terminu. Jei būtų nustatyta, kad tai yra tam tikra tendencija, į kompiuterių saugos terminiją būtų galima žvelgti kaip į šiuo metu egzistuojančių lietuvių kalbos žodžių naujų prasmių ir reikšmių kūrimosi pavyzdį.
TRANSLATION LANGUAGE: THE MAJOR FORCE IN SHAPING MODERN LATVIAN
Authors: Veisbergs Andrejs
Published: April 2017

Cross-cultural communication affects not only the translations per se, but also tar­get culture and thinking in general. Globalization, migration, tourism, student ex­changes, international trade and business, and first of all the openness of media brings numerous new concepts and terms into languages. Yet, the direct lexical impact is only part of the process; there is also a broad effect on target language composition/corpus, conventions, norms and even deep structures. Most ‘origi­nal’ texts today carry many of the same traits as translations. Interference has long ceased to be characteristic of translated texts only. Translations in many languages constitute more than half of the texts that an average citizen ‘consumes’. We cannot speak anymore of a clear dichotomy of ‘translation language’ versus the real lan­guage – there is no isolation in the modern world. One can view this asymmetrical phenomenon as a deplorable interference, as linguistic and cultural imperialism or as a general standardization of languages with a consequent potential loss of cultural uniqueness. Yet it can hardly be affected, as language change is inevitable, and in the modern world translation functions as a major vehicle of change. It also calls for a review of some of the traditional approaches to translation theory issues within the framework of the new globalized, international and multilingual com­munication.
TRANSLATION OF CONCEPTUAL METAPHOR IN THE LEGAL DISCOURSE OF EU WHITE PAPERS
Authors: Gražytė Rasa , Maskaliūnienė Nijolė
Published: April 2017

Traditionally legal discourse has been perceived as an area of human activity where every attempt is made to speak or write precisely, clearly and unambiguously—i.e. no room is left for figurative language. In this context the use of metaphor is naturally unacceptable. With the change in the approach to metaphor as a mental phenome­non, rather than a language phenomenon or a means of embellishing the text, the study of metaphor in various types of discourse has received a new impetus. This ar­ticle addresses the issue of conceptual metaphor translation in the legal discourse of EU White Papers. Metaphorical expressions are categorized into cognitive domains such as dealing with a problem is war, a problem is an enemy, responsibility is a burden, pro­gress is a motion forward, etc. The analysis confirms the hypothesis that if metaphorical expressions exploit the same cognitive domain both in English and Lithuanian, me­taphoricity is fully preserved in translation. Where cognitive domains differ, metap­horicity manifests itself in a different domain or is lost altogether.
ZU AUSGEWÄHLTEN ÄQUIVALENZPROBLEMEN IN ZWEISPRACHIGEN GLOSSAREN. BESCHREIBUNG – HYPOTHESEN– LÖSUNGSVORSCHLÄGE
Authors: Drössiger Hans-Harry
Published: April 2017

Die Unterschiede zwischen den Elementen/Bestandteilen zweier oder mehrerer Kulturen stellen in den Translationswissenschaften immer wieder eine besondere Herausforderung dar. Das Ziel dieses Beitrages ist es, anhand ausgewählter Bei­spiele des Sprachenpaares Deutsch-Litauisch weitere Überlegungen1 zur zwei­sprachigen Terminologiearbeit vorzustellen, um Hypothesen zur theoretischen Erfassung dieses Phänomens zu entwickeln und Möglichkeiten des praktischen Umgangs mit kulturell bedingten Realienbezeichnungen vorzustellen. Somit geht es nicht nur darum, das theoretische Verständnis zu diesem Untersuchungs­objekt weiterzuentwickeln, sondern auch Verfahren zum Umgang mit den kul­turell bedingten Unterschieden, die an Realienbezeichnungen dieser Unterschie­de gebunden sind, zur Diskussion zu stellen. Die illustrierenden Beispiele sind ausgewählte Termini der deutschen Sprachwissenschaft, denn terminologische Äquivalente dieses Gebietes sind für all jene von Interesse, die sich aus professionellen Gründen mit der deutschen Sprache beschäftigen, aber nicht unbedingt auf Deutsch darüber sprechen oder schreiben wollen/müssen. Außerdem wären solche Äquivalente für Übersetzer und Dolmetscher ein wichtiges Hilfsmittel.
ON AMBIGUITY AND INCONGRUITY OF TERMS IN TRANSLATIONS OF INTERNATIONAL TREATIES
Authors: Parent Arnaud
Published: April 2017

The aim of this article is to study the ambiguity and incongruity of terms in transla­tion of international treaties, how they may present themselves and their impact on international relations.
ITALŲ LITERATŪRA LIETUVOJE IR LIETUVIŲ LITERATŪRA ITALIJOJE: VERTIMŲ BIBLIOGRAFIJA
Authors: Dini Pietro U. , Klioštoraitytė Rasa
Published: April 2017

Šioje apžvalgoje trumpai aptariami italų grožinės literatūros vertimai į lietuvių kal­bą, lietuvių grožinės literatūros vertimai į italų kalbą ir šių vertimų istorija. Taip pat bendrais bruožais aptariamos galimos šios srities mokslinių tyrimų kryptys. Galima teigti, jog ši apžvalga yra preliminarus ir propedeutinis įvadas ruošiant išsames­nę italų–lietuvių ir lietuvių–italų kalbų vertimų bibliografiją. Keliamas klausimas, kada ir kokiomis sąlygomis Lietuvoje ir Italijoje buvo daugiausia verčiama iš vienos kalbos į kitą. Ieškant atsakymo į šį klausimą remiamasi lyginamuoju metodu. Tai nėra paprasta, nes Lietuvos ir Italijos vertimų istorinė periodizacija labai skiriasi. Be to, gali būti, kad tokią ekstralingvistinę temą labiau tiktų priskirti kultūros, kultūri­nių ryšių istorijai, o ne vertimo teorijai, tačiau įvairūs autoriai jau ne kartą pabrėžė glaudų šių dviejų tyrimo sričių ryšį, todėl tokia apžvalga, nors ir neišsami, gali būti naudinga tolesniems tyrimams.
THE SEMANTIC ANALYSIS OF THE ENGLISH CULTURAL KEY WORD “RIGHT” AND ITS EQUIVALENTS IN ITALIAN
Authors: Moisejeva Natalija
Published: April 2017

The present research paper aims at providing an insight into the nature of the English cultural key word right and its expression in Italian. The analysis carried out during the research is based on the theory of Cultural Key Words elaborated by Anna Wierzbicka and Cliff Goddard in the 1990s, who claimed that apart from common words which are clear to everyone, there exist certain culture-specific concepts which are fully understandable only to members of a specific culture. The main attention of this article, therefore, is focused on revealing the meaning groups of the concept right and their expression in Italian. The source of the data is the original version of George Orwell’s 1984 and its Italian translation. Preliminary results show that the cultural concept right is manifold and mostly used to refer to instances from the meaning groups of precision, correctness and well-being. This analysis also suggests that the concept right is indeed specific to English culture since Italian culture employs different lexical means in order to convey the ideas underlying this concept.
THE LANGUAGE OF RESEARCH: ARGUMENT METAPHORS IN ENGLISH AND LITHUANIAN
Authors: Šeškauskienė Inesa
Published: April 2017

The paper sets out to examine the lemma argument* in English and Lithuanian academic discourse. Supporting the claim that academic discourse is largely metaphorical, the present investigation is driven by the conceptual theory of metaphor and aims to uncover the metaphors manifested in the contexts of argument/s and argumentation. The data has been collected from the academic section of the British National Corpus (BNC) and the Corpus of Academic Lithuanian (CoraLit). The results have demonstrated that English and Lithuanian share a number of metaphors, such as research / argument is an object, research / argument is a building / structure, research / argument is a person, research / argument is verbal communication and some others. However, the image rendered by the argument in both languages seems to be different—English gives preference to the ‘embodied’ argument, whereas Lithuanian is more confined to treating it as an object. The research has also uncovered interesting language-specific realisation of all metaphors.