bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of the utilization of non-timber forest vegetation by local society at PT. Wira Karya Sakti Sungai Tapa conservation area - Jambi
Authors: RAHAYU MULYATI , SUSIARTI SITI , PURWANTO Y.
Published: July 2014

Forest exploitation especially for the material wood/timber has giving influence to condition environment and the society who lives around the forest. Therefore in this time, the research for non timber forest products is being an interest fot the researchers from many sciences. There is not than 100 plants species useful of non timber producer had known from the research which conducted in PT. Wira Karya Sakti conservation forest area in Sungai Tapa-Jambi. Two of them (Alstonia scholaris R.Br. and Scorodocarpus borneensis (Baillon) Jack) are included in a list of endangered species plants in Indonesia.Â© 2007 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Non Timber Forest Products, Jambi
Review: Speciation in the myrtle family (Myrtaceae): rapid and slow models
Authors: WIDODO PUDJI
Published: July 2014

Speciation or formation of new species is a process which may take very long time. When a new species is really formed from a previous species is still unknown exactly. However, sometimes when populations no longer interbreed, they are thought to be separate species. As natural selection, if populations adapt the occupying different environments, they will diverge into races, subspecies, and finally separate species. There are some models of speciation such as geographical, polyploidy, chromosomal, and ecological speciation. However, in the myrtle family (Myrtaceae) they can be grouped into two big models of speciation namely the rapid and slow speciation. This review points out that hybridization is a major factor affecting Myrtaceae, although evolution activities were also approved by the fact that some fossil pollens have been found in AntarticaÂ© 2007 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words:.speciation models, mutation, evolution, Myrtaceae
Antioxidant content of parts of Mahkota dewa, Phaleria macrocarpa [Scheff] Boerl. (Thymelaceae)
Authors: SOEKSMANTO ARIF , HAPSARI YATRI , SIMANJUNTAK PARTOMUAN
Published: July 2014

Mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa [Scheff.] Boerl.) is a poisonous plant, but almost all parts of the plants can be used as a traditional medicine. Consuming the plant directly can cause swollen, sprue, numb at tongue, fever, even unconscious. Although the plant can conquere various diseases, from diabetes mellitus, hemorrhoid, impotency to cancer, but research on the plant is still limited. A researchwas conducted to find out antioxidant activities at a parts of mahkota dewa plant by free radical scavenging method (DPPH). The highest activities of the parts of plant are young fruits and old fruits in the ethanol and methanol solvents. Then after partitioned based on the polarity (ethylacetate, n-buthanol and water) showed that n-buthanol extract of young fruits gave inhibition value IC50 = 41,07 ppm.Â© 2007 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Mahkota dewa, P. macrocarpa, plant extracts, antioxidant, DPPH
Preferency of soil macrofauna to crops residue at different light intensity
Authors: SUGIYARTO SUGIYARTO , EFENDI MANAN , MAHAJOENO EDWL , SUGITO YOGI , HANDAYANTO EKO , AGUSTINA LILY
Published: July 2014

Every species of soil macrofauna prefer specific food and environment to be establish in it's habitat. Their diversity depend on variation of food and environmental condition. The aim of this research was to study the effect of different crop residue and light intensity on population of several soil macrofauna specieses. Mycrocosmos experiment was arranged in split-plot design with two treatments factor, i.e.: (1) crop residue (albizia, papaya, elephant grass, maize, sweet potato and without crop residue input), and (2) light intensities (0, 5, 15 and 25) Watt/day. The soil macrofauna were earthworms, millipedes, scarabids larvae and cocroachs.Results of the study showed that: (1) crop residues apllication increased soil macrofauna population, especially maize residue ( by 113%, respectively, compare to control tretment), (2) on higher light intensity, population of earthworms, scarabids larvae and cocroach decreased, but population of millipedes increased, (3) the highest macrofauna population was on maize residue and 5 Watt/day light intensity treatment.Â© 2007 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Soil macrofauna, preferency, crop residue, light intensity
Coral fish condition in the waters of Pare-Pare Bay and Awerange Bay South Sulawesi
Authors: SUHARYANTO SUHARYANTO , UTOJO UTOJO
Published: July 2014

Observation on fish coral condition was conducted in the waters of Pare-Pare and Awerange Bay, South Sulawesi, on October and November 2004, using scuba diving set and under water writting tools. Monitoring of fish coral conditions were conducted in 7 m depths up to 100 m length of shore line were observed in four stations of diving, two stations in Pare-pare Bay and two stations in Awerange Bay using â€œsencus visual of Line Intercept Transectâ€ method. The result showed that in the waters of Pare-Pare Bay were not found fish coral, just pelagic fish were found, meanwhile in the waters of Awerange Bay, fish coral found as much as 17 families and 46 specieses.Â© 2007 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Coral fish condition, Pare-Pare Bay, Awerange Bay
Isolation and identification mould micoflora inhabiting plant leaf litter from Mount Lawu, Surakarta, Central Java
Authors: ILYAS MUHAMMAD
Published: July 2014

A study on isolation and identification mould inhabiting plant leaf litter had been conducted. The objective of the study was to isolate and identify mould inhabiting plant leaf litter from Mount Lawu, Surakarta, Central Java. The mould isolation was based on washing and filtering with membrane isolation method. The result showed that 39 moulds generas with 55 species varians, one group identified in class level, and three groups of unidentified mould isolates had been isolated. Taxas distributions showed that there were endophyte and phytopatogen mould isolates had been isolated such as Fusarium, Pestalotiopsis, Phoma, and Coelomycetes. However, typical soil taxa and common saprobic fungi such as Aspergillus, Cunninghamella, Mucor, Paecilomyces, Penicillium, Rhizopus, and Trichoderma remain dominated the resulted isolates..Â© 2007 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: mould, leaf litter, Mount Lawu, washing and filter membrane isolation method
Diversity and vertical distributions of scarabaeids dungbeetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in the tropical mountaineous rainforest of Gede Pangrango National Park, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: KAHONO SIH , SETIADI LILIK KUNDAR
Published: July 2014

Diversity and vertical distributions of scarabaeids dungbeetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) were studied in a tropical mountaineous rainforest of Gede Pangrango National Park using dung traps. Samples were collected at four altitudes of 500-1000m, 1001-1500, 1501- 2000, and 2001-2500m of five different collection sites (Cibodas, Selabintana, Situ Gunung, Bodogol, and Gunung Putri). 1052 individuals of 28 species of scarabaeid dungbeetles that belongs to five genus were collected. The most diverse groub was the genus Onthophagus, which consists of 21 species (75% of collected species) and followed by Copris with 3 species (10.7%), Paragymnopleurus with 2 species (7.1%), Catarsius with 1 species (3.6%), and Phacosoma with 1 species (3.6%). The Shanon-Winner index of diversity and evenness were gradually declining during the time when altitudes were increasing. Altitude was an important factor in the diversity, abundance, and distribution of dungbeetles. The diversity of dungbeetles at the interval of 1001-1500m and 1501-2000m were not so high but abundance and similarity were high. Diversity index, evenness, abundance, and species similarity of dungbeetles at the interval of 2001-2500m was low because of unfavourable habitat. Although the diversity of dungbeetles at the interval 500-1000m was the highest, however abundance and similarity index were relatively low. Analyse of diversity, abundance, evenness, and similarity of dungbeetles on each of the different altitudes and environment conditions were discussed in this paper.Â© 2007 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: diversity, vertical distributions, scarabaeid dungbeetles, Gede Pangrango National Park, Wawonii Island.
Beta Glucan Production from Two Strains of Agrobacterium sp in Medium Containing of Molases and Uracil Combine
Authors: KUSMIATI KUSMIATI , TAMAT SWASONO R , JUSUF EDDY , ISTININGSIH RIA
Published: July 2014

Production of Î²-glucan by Agrobacterium sp is influenced by the composition of nutrition in the fermentation media. Molases has been used successfully by others in the fermentation media of S. cerevisiae to increase the yield of -glucan, and similarly, uracil has been used in the fermentation media of Agrobacterium sp to increase the yield of -glucan. Investigations to increase the yield of -glucan by two strains of Agrobacterium sp, i.e. A1.5 (reference) and B4.4 (local strain), have been carried out by addition of various combination of molases and uracil into fermentation media, i.e. 5%(v/v) molase-0,05%(b/v) uracil; 5% molase-0,025% uracil; 10% molase-0,05% uracil; and 10%molase-0,025% uracil. The Î²-1,3-glucan and Î²-1,2-glucan fractions were separated by extraction method. Beta-glucan concentration was determined as the glucose monomer using the phenol-sulphate spectrophotometric method at 490 nm. The protein content was determined by a modified Lowry-spectrophotometric method at 750 nm. The results showed that all combination of molases and uracil in the fermentation media of Agrobacterium sp A1.5 and B4.4 strains have increased both the dry-weight yield of Î²-glucan (crude) and the Î²- glucan content, with the highest was in a medium containing 10% molases-0,025% uracil combination. In the above medium, the A1.5 strain produced the highest Î²-glucan (7,5%) with the lowest protein content ( 8,4%) in the Î²-1,3-glucan fraction, while the Î²-glucan content in the Î²-1,2-glucan fraction were all lower than in the control media, while the protein content were all higher than in the control media. Inthe above media, the B4.4 strain produced the highest Î²-glucan, 7,2% in the Î²-1,3-glucan fraction, and 13,1% in Î²-1,2-glucan fraction, while the lowest protein content ( 8,4%) was in the Î²-1,3-glucan fraction. In conclusion, fermentation media of Agrobacterium sp A1.5 strain or B4.4 strain containing molase and uracil combination have increased both the dry-weight yield of total Î²-glucan (crude) and the Î²-glucancontent, while reduced the protein content. There is no clear FTIR spectrum difference between supposedly Î²-1,2-glucan fraction and Î²- 1,3-glucan fraction.Â© 2007 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Beta glucan, Agrobacterium sp., Molases, Uracil
Mangrove plant diversity in Sepanjang Island, East Java
Authors: SUHARDJONO SUHARDJONO , RUGAYAH RUGAYAH
Published: July 2014

Inventarisasi flora mangrove di Pulau Sepanjnag telah dilakukan. Tercatat 36 jenis tumbuhan mangrove tersebar di 8 lokasi (Pajang Barat, Segentong, Dermaga Sepanjang, Turunan Ceremeh, Calung dan Tarungguk.). Sekitar 23 jenis diantaranya telah ditetapkan oleh IUCN (Anonim 1997) sebagai tumbuhan langka dengan status kelangkaan terkikis (LR) sampai kritis (CR). Rhizophora apiculata, Ceriops tagal,C. decandra, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Excoecaria agallocha, Xylocarpus moluccensis, X. granatum dan Lumnitzera racemosa, merupakan jenis-jenis yang dijumpai hampir di seluruh lokasi. Sedangkan beberapa jenis hanya ditemukan di lokasi tertentu seperti Calophyllum inophyllum dijumpai di Pajan Barat, Caesalpinia bundoc, Scaevola taccada dan Wedelia biflora di Tanjung Perak, dan Bruguiera sexangula hanya ditemukan di Tanjung Kiaok.Â© 2007 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Mangrove, Sepanjang islands.
Cardinal temperatures of seed germination of Brucea javanica (L.) Merr. and its physiological respons on the seed drying
Authors: SUTARNO HADI , UTAMI NING WIKAN
Published: July 2014

The slow and low germination rate of Brucea javanica makes constraint in its plant utilization and development. Research on cardinal temperatures (temperature of minimum, optimum and maximum) of germination; and the effect to know how the physiologycal respons on seed drying. It is important in activities of agronomy, adaptation and domestication; sofar applicable on forestation and ex-situ conservation. Based on seed germination observation on thermogradientbar with range from 2 to 550C, the minimum temperature and optimum temperature of germination were found 30,40C, by germination rate at least 50% for 19 days period; and the maximum temperature was 33,70C, by at least 50% for 25 days period. The seed respons on drying as approach the recalsitrant study was discussed.Â© 2007 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: cardinal temperatures, germination,Brucea javanica, seed drying.
R E V I E W : Species diversity of indigenous fruits in Indonesia and its potential
Authors: UJI TAHAN
Published: July 2014

Indonesia is rich of species diversity of indigenous fruits. The results of study reported that there are 266 species of indigenous fruits encountered in Indonesia and 62 species of them are cultivated. Four genera of indigenous fruits are recommended to developed in Indonesia, i.e. Durio, Mangifera, Garcinia and Nephelium. This study also reported that duku (Lansium domesticum), salak (Salacca zalacca), buah merah (Pandanus conoideus), and matoa (Pometia pinnata) have a good prospect also to be developed in Indonesia.Â© 2007 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Species diversity, indigenous fruits, potential, conservation, Indonesia
Three species of Acriopsis Reinw. ex Blume (Orchidaceae) in part of Petarikan village forest, District Kotawaringin Barat - Central Kalimantan
Authors: YULlA NINA DWl , TARMUDJI TARMUDJI
Published: July 2014

Acriopsis Reinw. ex Blume adalah marga anggrek yang memiliki umbi semu seperti bawang. Karakter menonjol pada bunga Acriopsis yaitu bagian tugu bunga menyerupal belalang. Dalam revisl terakhir marga ini disebutkan terdapat 6 jenis, 5 varietas dan salah satu jenis merupakan jenis endemik Kalimantan. Telaah terhadap ragam Acriopsis di desa Petarikan dilakukan dengan metode eksploratif. Jenis Acriopsis yang ditemukan diidentlfikasi berdasarkan karakter morfologi bagian vegetatif dan generatif. Hasil menunjukkan terdapat 3 jenis Acriopsis yaitu Acriospsis indica, ACriopsisridleyi dan Acriopsisjavanica var. javanica.Key words: Ragam jenis, Acriopsis, desa Petarikan
Protein synthesis during somatic embryogenesis of moon orchid Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.) Bl.
Authors: UTAMI EDY SETITI WIDA , SOEMARDI ISSIREP , TARYONO TARYONO , SEMIARTI ENDANG
Published: July 2014

Research to analyse protein synthesis during somatic embryogenesis of moon orchid Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.) Bl has been carried out. One year old of plantlets were used as explants sources. Basal leaf of these explants were cultured in medium New Phalaenopsis (NP) added with 2mg/L NAA during 1 day (P1), 2 days (P2), 4 days (P3), 6 days (P4), 8 days (P5). The explants were cultured in medium NP without NAA were used as control, during 1 day (K1), 2 days (K2), 4 days (K3), 6 days (K4), 8 days (K5). Analysis of the protein synthesiswas observed by electrophoresis using SDS-PAGE method according to Maniatis et al. (1982). The measuring of protein bands used the densitometer. To detect the specific protein which possible function in controlling embryogenesis by comparing profiles of leaf protein which cultured at NP media added NAA and without NAA. The analyses of protein profile were done at the culture of day 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 after inoculating. Result of the research indicated that a protein of 14 kDa was detected in the explants were cultured in medium NP added NAA only, and it was not detected in explants were cultured in medium NP without NAA. This protein probably embryonic protein has a function to control embryogenic callus initiation. A protein of 16 kDa was detected in the explants were cultured in medium NP added NAA and without NAA. This protein is possibly siklin has a function to regulation of cells proliferation during embryogenesis.Â© 2007 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.) Bl, protein synthesis, SDS-PAGE
Orchid Inventory and the Host in Meru Betiri National Park â€“ East Java
Authors: PUSPITANINGTYAS DWI MURTI
Published: July 2014

Meru Betiri National Park is located in southern part of East Java Province. Inventory of orchid species was conducted to study orchid diversity in Meru Betiri National Park, especially in Bandealit coastal area. Observation of orchid within host trees was also done to study the preference host trees for orchid growth. It was recorded that there were 25 orchid species belonging to 20 genera. Twenty species of which are epiphyte and 5 species are terrestrial. The most common epiphyte orchids were Pomatocalpa latifolia, Pomatocalpa spicata, Rhynchostylis retusa, Micropera pallida and Grosourdya appendiculata. While terrestrial orchid was only found in a small number, with common terrestrial orchids were Corymborkis veratrifolia and Goodyera rubicunda. The most preference host trees for epiphyte orchid were Tectona grandis (Teak), Clausena indica, Lagerstroemia speciosa, Mangifera indica (Mango), but there is no specific relationshipbetween host trees and epiphyte orchidÂ© 2007 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: orchid, host trees, Meru Betiri National Park
Identification of creat (Andrographis paniculata Ness) as basic for concervation and make use of germ plasm
Authors: SULISTIJO TRIJONO DJOKO , PUJIASMANTO BAMBANG
Published: July 2014

This research is to learn the creat potention for cultivated as medical material producer plant. So that, the limited creat as medical material not occur. The method of research which used is survey. The survai include identification and creat distribution pattern. There was used vegetative analysis with quadrat method. The research result showed that 1) in creat habitat find out 11 species of tree, 20 species herba (include creat), and 16 species grasses, 2) The highest of importance value indeks Tectona grandis L. (tree group), Andrographispaniculata Ness (herb group), and Portulaca oleraceae L. (grasses group), 3) Distribution pattern of creat is clumped, and the herb others is uniform, 4) The creat growth on the common under shading Tectona grandis L. tree. The results of this research are domestication concept and theories which to basic the cultivated technology packet of creat wild plant which the statue increased be medical material produce crop. In the next ,expected can used for get conclusion policy of medical crop and planning, especially on creat propertion of creatmedical material.Â© 2007 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: identification of creat, concervation of germ plasm
Protein concentrations of sweet soysauces from Rhizopus oryzae and R. oligosporus fermentation without moromi fermentation
Authors: PURWOKO TJAHJADI , HANDAJANI NOOR SOESANTI
Published: July 2014

Soy sauce was produce from soybean that fermented with koji/tempeh fungi and thenfermented under salt solution or moromi fermentation. The objectives of this experiment was to compare of protein (total and soluble) content of sweet soy sauce that produced from soybean fermented with Rhizopus oryzae and R. oligosporus without moromi fermentation to the sweet soysauce with moromi fermentation one. The total and soluble proteins of sweet soy sauces that produce from soybean without moromi fermentation were higher that sweet soy sauces that produce with moromi fermentation. Soluble protein of sweet soy sauce that produced from soybean fermented with R. oligosporus without moromi fermentation was 8.2% and meet to the highest quality of sweet soy sweet sauce based on Indonesia Industrial Standard. Soluble protein of sweet soy sauce that produced from soybean fermented with R. oryzae without moromi fermentation was 4.1% and meet to the medium quality of sweet soy sweet sauce based on Indonesia Industrial Standard.Â© 2007 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: moromi fermentation, Rhizopus oligosporus, Rhizopus oryzae, soluble protein, sweet soy sauce
Diversity of medicinal plant by Talang Mamak tribe in surrounding of Bukit Tiga Puluh National Park, Riau
Authors: SETYOWATI FRANCISCA MURTI , WARDAH WARDAH
Published: July 2014

Local peoples in a certain area is very depends on plants grow on surrounding them for fulfill daily lifelyhoat such as food, clothing, construction material, medicinal, etc. People knowledge in plants utilized especially as medicinal matter was passed on from generation to generation. Documentation and conservation of traditional knowledge from the local people until to do the research of diversity of medicinal plant by Talang Mamak tribe in Bukit Tigapuluh National Park, Riau. Field data collection of medicinal plants was done by directobservation and interview with the figure or tribe-head and community is used medicinal plant in surrounding them. From the survey it result that at least 77 species of plants are used as medicines. Five species from these was categorised as endangered species such as pulai (Alstonia scholaris), gaharu (Aquilaria malaccensis), kapung-kapung (Oroxylum indicum), pasak bumi (Eurycoma longifolia), and akar kuning (Arcangelisia flava). Kinds of diseases can be cover with ingredient of traditional medicines, the process and method, part of plant used, and species having potency for develop in the future is discussed in this paper.Â© 2007 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Medicinal plant, Talang Mamak tribe, Bukit Tigapuluh National Park, Riau
Î²-Glucan production of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in medium with different nitrogen sources in air-lift fermentor
Authors: THONTOWI AHMAD , KUSMIATI KUSMIATI , NUSWANTARA SUKMA
Published: July 2014

Î²-Glucan is one of the most abundant polysaccharides in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall. The aim of this research is to explore an alternative nitrogen sources for Î²-glucan production. S. cerevisiae were grown in fermentation medium with different nitrogen sources. Peptone 2%, glutamic acid 0,5%, urea 0,2%, and diammonium hydrogen phosphate (DAHP) 0,02% were used for nitrogen source in the medium. A two liter air-lift fermentor was used in the fermentation process for 84 hours (T = 300C, pH 7, and 1.5 vvm for the aeration). During the fermentation, optical density, extraction of Î²-glucan, glucose and protein in hydrolisate cultured were determined. Î²-glucan production level is similar with the growth rate of yeast and followed by decreasing glucose and protein content in hydrolysis cultured. The highest and lowest Î²-glucan content were obtained from peptone (933.33 mg/L) and glutamic acid (633.33 mg/L) as a nitrogen source in cells cultured after fermentation completed respectively. Yeast cells cultured with urea and DAHP as a nitrogen source give the same content of Î²-glucan about 733.33 mg/L. Î²-glucan concentration produced in medium with urea was a higher than that produced usingglutamic acid and DAHP as a nitrogen source. The result indicated that urea can be used as an alternative nitrogen source for theproduction of Î²-glucan. Urea is easily available and cheaper than peptone, glutamic acid and DAHP.Â© 2007 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Î²-glucan, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, air-lift fermentor
The Note on Morphology of Rafflesia hasseltii Surigar from Bukit Tiga Puluh National Park, Riau
Authors: SOFIYANTI NERY , SALLEH KAMARUDIN MAT , PURWANTO DEDEK , SYAHPUTRA EDY
Published: July 2014

The detail observation had been done on the morphological characters of Rafflesia hasseltii from Bukit Tiga Puluh National Park (BTNP). Currently, this endangered and rare flower found in two populations in this park, Aek Telap and Mandi Urau, Tanah Datar. The preliminary study on morphological characters of flowers from this site shows blotches and dot pattern variability. The detail observation of morphology of R. hasseltii from BTNP, presented the similarity to its type except the blotches pattern in perigone lobe. However, the further monitoring research is still needed to observe more flowers in this site. Due to its rarity, study on all Rafflesia species must be carefully done especially in using the characters of blotch for taxonomy evidence, as this characters show the variability among the flowers within population.Â© 2007 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Rafflesia hasseltii, tjendawan muka rimau, morphology
The effect of seasonality on fish species composition and abundance in Rungan river floodplain, Palangkaraya, Central Kalimantan
Authors: SULISTIYARTO BAMBANG , SOEDHARMA DEDI , RAHARDJO MOHAMMAD FADJAR , SUMARDJO SUMARDJO
Published: July 2014

Tropical floodplain rivers are home to the largest fraction of freshwater fish diversity and as such should be a focal point of fish conservation efforts. The aim of this study was to inventory of the fish fauna and analyzing the effect of seasonality on fish species composition and abundance in the Rungan river floodplain at Palangkaraya Municipality. The results of this study provide background data for conserving fish resources. Fishes were sampled at monthly intervals between May 2005 and April 2006 with gillnets of standardized dimensions with several mesh sizes. These were carried out at three stations with different habitat type, includes forested swamp, opened swamp, and river. A total of 4278 fishes were collected consisting of 50 species and 19 families. Seasonality effects on fish species composition andabundance in forested swamp and river. Fish species composition and abundance in opened swamp tend not to drive by seasonality.Â© 2007 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: species composition, fish, floodplain, Kalimantan, seasonality.
Cuscus (Phalangeridae) hunting by Napan communities at Ratewi Island, Nabire, Papua
Authors: PATTISELANNO FREDDY
Published: July 2014

Cuscus hunting by Napan communities at the Arui village of Ratewi Island was conducted from July to September 2007 by interviewing hunter respondent and direct observation to the field. Twenty households were selected as respondent with the criterion hunting and utilizing cuscus. The study indicated active hunting is performing mostly for consumption purpose, using several combinations of hunting tools from traditional to modern ones, found around mix forest or combination between primary and secondary forest. Cutting the cuscus nesting tree resulted negative impact on the cover and food sources for the future conservation purpose. Two species of cuscus occurred in the study site, they were common cuscus (Phalanger orientalis) and spotted cuscus (Spilocuscus maculatus), and based their qualitative traits both species can be distinguished morphologically.Â© 2007 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: cuscus hunting, Napan, Ratewi Island, Papua.
The use of sulphate-reducing bacteria in bioremediation of ex-coal mining soil
Authors: WIDYATI ENNY
Published: July 2014

The most serious impact after exploiting coal by opened peat mining is acid mine drainage phenomenon. This is an oxidation of sulphide minerals by releasing sulphate that generate the environment acidity. This study was aimed to observe the ability of sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB) isolated of sludge paper mills in decreasing the ex-coal mining sulphate content. Before inoculating onto the soil, SRB was incubated in the sterilized organic matter for 4 days. Organic matter inhabited SRB mix with ex-coal mining soil (1:3 v/v). As a control was a series ex-coal mining mixed with non inoculated organic matter (1:3 v/v). The experiment is carried out in randomized complete design in 3 replications, each consist of 5 buckets. All buckets were maintained in saturated water content. Every 5 days for 20 days the sulphate content, pH and Eh were assessed to observe the bioremediation progress. The result shown that SRB was able to reduce 84.25% excoal mining sulphate content in 20 days. In consequence, the soil pH was increased from 4.15 to 6.66 during the process. It is recommended that SRB is prospective to be further developed as a sulphate bioremediation agents on ex-coal mining soil.Â© 2007 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: bioremediation, ex-coal mining, sulphate reducing bacteria
The influence of Î±-Naphtaleneacetic Acid (NAA) on somatic embryogenesis moon orchid Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.) Bl.
Authors: UTAMI EDY SETITI WIDA , SUMARDI ISSIREP , TARYONO TARYONO , SEMIARTI ENDANG
Published: July 2014

An experiment to analyze the effect of plant growth regulator Î±-Naphtaleneacetic Acid (NAA) on somatic embryogenesis moon orchid Ph amabilis (L.) Bl. was carried out. One year old of plantlets were used as explants sources. Basal leaf of these explants were cultured in medium New Phalaenopsis (NP) added with 0,1 mg/L, 1 mg/L, 2 mg/L, 3 mg/L, and 4 mg/L NAA. The explants were cultured in medium NP without NAA were used as control. The formation of embryogenic callus was observed every day, while the formation of somatic embryo was observed every week for 6 week using a dissecting microscope. The result showed that somatic embryogenesis Ph amabilis (L.) Bl were influenced by plant growth regulator NAA. Explants were cultured in medium NP without NAA didnâ€™t embryo formed, while explantswere cultured in medium NP added with 2 mg/L, 3 mg/L, and 4 mg/L NAA embryo formed at embryogenic callus appear. These somatic embryos formed as an indirect via callus phase.Â© 2007 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: moon orchid, Î±-Naphtaleneacetic Acid (NAA), somatic embryogenesis
REVIEW: Endemic plants of serpentine soils
Authors: SUDARMONO SUDARMONO
Published: July 2014

Plant adaptation to serpentine soils is a system ideal for studies in evolutionary ecology. Serpentine soils are characterized by low calcium to magnesium ratios with Ca at significantly lower concentrations relative to surrounding areas. Although some variation occurs between sites which identified three collective traits: poor plant productivity, high rates of endemism and vegetation type distinct from those of neighboring areas. The several morphological feature characteristic of serpentine-tolerant species is possess xeromorphic foliage, including reduced leaf size and sclerophylls, the stature is significantly reduced relative to counterparts on non serpentine soil and root systems of species growing on and off serpentine sites are often more developed on serpentine soils than on neighboring soils. Serpentine soils are ubiquitous, but patchily distributed and thus promote geographic isolation. Adaptation to edaphic conditions may also begetreproductive isolation. Adaptive mutation might be influenced frequently from related species inhabiting surrounding areas. For the future studies involving serpentine systems merge the fields of ecology, evolution, physiology, and genetics required for serpentine adaptation.Â© 2007 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: adaptive mutation, endemics, isolation, magnesium, serpentine
Synthesis of flavonoid-Î±-glicoside through transglycosylation by enzyme and its activities as antioxidant
Authors: HANDAYANI RINI , SULISTYO JOKO
Published: July 2014

Flavonoid-Î±- glycoside was synthesized using enzyme of CGT-ase (EC.2.4.1.19) which was isolated from cultivated of Aspergillus oryzae. CGT-ase enzyme has optimum capability at the temperature of 40Â°C, pH 7 yielded 1.87 unit/mL while at pH 6 was 1.11 unit/mL. The pretest of CGT-ase transfer activity was carried out using resorcinol as an acceptor and commercial starch solution as the glucosyl donor. Subsequently, acceptor was replaced by crude extract of ginger, and wheat starch as donor. The other product of hydrolysis was separated by column chromatography, monitored by TLC which was showed a single spot. The Rf value was compared with the Rf value of arbutin standard, the Rf values were about the same which were 0.85 for product and 0.87 for arbutin standard. The sugar total of product synthesis was determined by the Dubois method, which was 628.0 ppm. The value is equivalent to 0.032% of the original starch. The antioxidant activity was analyzed by Î²-carotene method discoloration. The result showed that the strong antioxidant activities were in the following order: BHT>product>arbutin>crude extract of ginger.Â© 2008 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Aspergillus oryzae ,CGT-ase, flavonoid-Î±-glicosidea
Isolation and selection of local isolates of chitinolitic bacteria that potent to biocontrol of larva stadia of Aedes aegypti L.
Authors: PUJIYANTO SRI , KUSDIYANTINI ENDANG , HADI MOCHAMMAD
Published: July 2014

The dengue fever was the most dangerously epidemic in Indonesia, so it is important to prevent the population of Aedes aegypti L. The larva stages of Ae. aegypti had an exosceleton from chitin, so if its exosceleton had been degraded the larva would be died. Many bacteria had chitin degradation activities, and the bacteria had potential as a biocontrol for Ae. aegypti larva stages. This research was got many of the local chitinolitic bacteria that had been potential as a biocontrol for Ae. aegypti larva stages. The chitinolitic bacteria were isolated with selective agar medium. The sources of isolates were collected from Central Java and West Java water resources. Selected isolates was done to get the higher chitinolitic activity in mineral water medium. The isolate LMB1-5 was potential as a bioinsecticide for Ae. aegypti larva stages. This isolate decreased 86.7% of the larva population in 7 days.Â© 2008 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: chitinolitic bacteria, dengue fever, Aedes aegypti L, biocontrol
Alkaloid and Phenolic Compounds of Rafflesia hasseltii Suringar and its host Tetrastigma leucostaphylum (Dennst.) Alston ex Mabb. in Bukit Tigapuluh National Park, Riau: A Preliminary Study
Authors: SOFIYANTI NERY , WAHIBAH NINIK NIHAYATUL , PURWANTO DEDEK , SYAHPUTRA EDY , SALLEH KAMARUDIN MAT
Published: July 2014

Two alkaloid compounds (nicotine and caffeine) together with three phenolic compounds (catechin, proanthocyanidin and phenolic acid) were firstly detected in Rafflesia hasseltii and its host, Tetrastigma leucostaphylum in Bukit Tigapuluh National Park, Riau. The content of all compounds is higher in R. hasseltii than its host.Â© 2008 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Rafflesia hasseltii, Tetrastigma leucostaphylum, alkaloids, phenolic compounds, HPLC.
Orchids inventory in Sintang Regency, West Kalimantan
Authors: ARIYANTI ESTI ENDAH , PAâ€™I PAâ€™I
Published: July 2014

Orchid is one of ornamental plants which have commercial value. Therefore most species are becoming threatened or even endangered because of over exploitation. In addition, its natural habitat is also decreasing. Conservation must be done urgently, both by in situ and ex situ conservation, which can be started by orchid inventory. The orchid inventory was done in TWA Bukit Kelam, TWA Baning and several places in Regency of Sintang, West Kalimantan. The result showed that there were 40 species belonged to 27 genera, which 32 species of them (20 genera) were epiphytic orchids and 8 species (7 genera) were terrestrial orchids.Â© 2008 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: inventory, orchid, Sintang, West Kalimantan
The use of miswak (Salvadora persica L.) extract to increase immune response of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) in cage
Authors: SYAWAL HENNI , SYAFRIADIMAN SYAFRIADIMAN , HIDAYAH SYAUQI
Published: July 2014

The aim of this research was to increase immune response of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) in cage to microbial infection and environmental change. This research used completed randomized (RAL) one factor, four treatments and each of three replicates. This treatment was immersion extract miswak (Salvadora persica L.) dose 0, 4.5, 9, and 13.5 g/L. The cage 1 x 1 x 1.2 m, with density 50 fish/ cage (average initially 10-15 cm). Immersion was done once time a week along three weeks, l0 min, and after it fish reared in cage along 30 days. The response parameters assayed were survival rate, haematocrit, erythrocytes, leukocytes, and water quality. The results of experiment showed that the dose optimum 9 mg/L (P2) with survival rate 99.66% and P0 (70.66%). The level of haemotocrit was 18.93-34.36%, erythrocytes 3.597.000-6.112.000 cells/mL3, leukocytes 24.748-143.070 cells/mL3. It was concluded, which miswak extract at a dosage 9 mg/L can increase survival rate and immune response of common carp.Â© 2008 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Salvadora persica L., Cyprinus carpio L., haematology.
REVIEW: Symbiosis between the Giant Clams (Bivalvia: Cardiidae) and Zooxanthellae (Dinophyceae)
Authors: HERNAWAN UDHI EKO
Published: July 2014

Giant clams are the largest bivalves in the world that maintain a mutual relationship with zooxanthellae. Individual giant clam can harbor heterogeneous zooxanthellae, at least four taxa in genus Symbiodinium. The Symbiodinium lives in the zooxanthellal tubular system, a tube structure arising from one of the diverticular duct of the clamâ€™s stomach. Since the numbers of zooxanthellae is the one of some significant factors contributing to the clams growth and survival, the giant clams need to adjust the number of zooxanthellae for physiological reason with unclear mechanism. The important role of the symbiotic relationship to the clams can be seen on the survival, growth and nutrition of the clams. There are at least two significant factors determining the symbiosis, i.e. water temperature in related with level of light intensities and ammonium-phosphate rate. Some topic is still unclear, i.e. the determination of species in genus Symbiodinium, the mechanism for adjusting the population numbers of the algae and what kind of environmental factors determining the symbiosis. Thereby further research is still needed to clarify those missing.Â© 2008 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: giant clams, zooxanthellae, Symbiodinium, symbiosis
REVIEW: Research Ethnobotany in Indonesia and the Future Perspectives
Authors: WALUJO EKO BAROTO
Published: July 2014

Indonesia is not only rich in its biodiversity but it is also well known as a country with high diversity of ethnicities. Each ethnic group has extensive experienced in the utilization and conservation of biological and ecological diversity. This biocultural richness has provided ethnobotanical researchers with endless research opportunities. Ethnobotanical study has a long history in Indonesia and dates back to the early Dutch colonization period when Dutch explorers and naturalists recorded the uses of plants used by the natives for food, medicine, buildings materials, etc. Based on research on Java, Hasskarl (1845) recorded 900 species of plants used by Indonesian communities. Previously, Rumphius (1750) in his monumental book "Herbarium Amboinense", reported the uses of several hundreds plants from Ambon and its vicinity. Recently, Indonesian scientists from both government and non-government organizations have given more attention to the importance of ethnobotany as a means of elaborating traditional knowledge, especially for economically useful and scientifically undiscovered plants. The talk will focus on ethnobotanical research performed by LIPI scientists at the Research Center for Biology in Bogor and the Indonesia Botanic Gardens. During the last 20 years, since the Indonesia' Ethnobotanical Museum was established. Indonesian scientists have documented the importance of ethnobotany, ethnomedicine, ethnomycology, ethnoentomology, and ethnoecology for conservation of traditional knowledge in relation to the economic botany and to other applied sciences. The meaning and scope of ethnobotany and its status including the future prospects, its contribution to the exploitation and conservation will be discuses in this paper.Â© 2008 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: ethnobotany, ethnomedicine, ethnomycology, ethnoecology, traditional knowledge, use of plants, Indonesia.
Phosphate solubilizing activities of Actinomycetes isolated from Waigeo, Raja Ampat islands, West Papua
Authors: WIDAWATI SRI , NURKANTO ARIF , SUDIANA I MADE
Published: July 2014

Actinomycetes is a major microbial group observed in soil, and contributes to nutrient cycling. This study is intended to verify physiologicalcharacters and phosphate solubilizing ability of Actinomycetes isolated from soil of Raja Ampat, West Papua. Most of isolates (RCW16-9,RCW16-8, W5-6, RCW25-1, RCW26-5, W28-4, W3-1, W3-7, W17-7, and W10-1) belonged to Streptomyces genera. The isolates produceclear zone in Pivoskaya after 3 days incubation. The liquid growth of this isolate rapidly utilizes glucose, and after 24 days of incubationalmost 95% glucose was consumed. Decrease of pH from 6.1 to 4.3 may stimulate dissolution of calcium phosphate, and about 21 mg/L-Pwas observed in bulk solution. An increase of phosphomonoesterase activity during incubation is concomitant with the release oforthophosphate into bulk solution. Acidity of cultures increased may stimulate solubilization of calcium phosphate. Most strains producephosphomonoesterase enzyme, indicating that actinomycetes are important soil microbes responsible for mediation and stimulation of bothinorganic and organic phosphate dissolution. Physiological and biomass growth character of phosphate solubilizing actinomycetes could beimportant taxonomic indicator for identifying and grouping soil actinomycetes.Â© 2008 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Actinomycetes, phosphate solubilizer, phosphomonoesterase, glucose
Study on seed germination and seedling growth models of sandalwood (Santalum album L.) of several mother seed trees in Belu Regency, East NusaTenggara
Authors: WAWO ALBERTUS HUSEIN
Published: July 2014

Sandalwood (Santalum album L.) is one of the economic plants that are threatened rare. Belu regency is a part of East Nusa Tenggara Province was known as center of natural distribution of sandalwood. In 2005 was found some mother seed trees at several locations in Belu are Suriklulik, Lelowae, Biau, Uabau, Haitimuk, Alas and Tialai. For research propose every location was chosen only one mother seed tree that was marked with capital letters as followed ; A is mother seed tree from Suriklulik, B from Lelowae, C from Biau, D from Uabau, E from Haitimuk, F from Alas and G from Tialai, In this research was studied the germination of sandalwood seeds from severalmother seed trees was mentioned above and some aspects of seedling growth include model of seedling growth and correlation between height and number of leaves growth during 5 months. This research was carried out in paranet house during 5 months and seedling was planted in polybag. Research was designed follow the Completely Randomized Design with 4 replications. The result of this study as follow: The mother seed trees of sandalwood influenced germination process and seedling growth especially on height and number leavesof seedlings. Seedling growth from each mother seed trees follow models of logistic growth with high value of coefficient determination about > 0,83, and be found also, close correlation between growth of seedling height with growth of seedling leaves was marked by high value of coefficient correlation about >0.85.Several mother seed trees was marked with capital letter E, D, C, A and G are better than F and B.Â© 2008 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Santalum album L., mother seed trees, germination, seedling growth, Belu.
Diversity of Araliaceae in Sulasih Talang Nature Reserve, West Sumatra and its acclimatization
Authors: WAWANGNINGRUM HARY , PUSPITANINGTYAS DWI MURTI
Published: July 2014

Sulasih Talang Nature Reserve is a conservation area in West Sumatra Province, which contains high diversity of plants including Araliaceae. Araliaceae mostly consist of attractive plants which have potentiallity as ornamental plants. The aim of this research is to record the diversity of Araliaceae in Sulasih Talang Nature Reserve. The result of the study indicates that there are, species of Araliaceae found in Sulasih Talang Nature Reserve, which are : Arthrophyllum diversifolium, Brassaiopsis glomerulata, Brassaiopsis sumatrana var. variaefolia, Macropanax dispermus, Schefflera elliptica, S. farinosa, S. lucescens, S. scandens, Schefflera sp., and Trevesia beccarii, in which Bogor Botanic Garden collected 6 species of them, i.e.: Brassaiopsis glomerulata, Brassaiopsis sumatrana var. variaefolia, Macropanax dispermus, Schefflera elliptica, S. scandens, Schefflera sp. Most of the collections are successfully acclimated in the gardens.Â© 2008 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Araliaceae, Sulasih Talang Nature Reserve, acclimatization
Feed consumption and utilisation in female western tarsier (Tarsius bancanus) in captivity
Authors: FARIDA WARTIKA ROSA , WARDANI KHIKMAH KUSUMA , TJAKRADIDJAJA ANITA SARDIANA , DIAPARI DIDID
Published: July 2014

Western tarsier (Tarsius bancanus), one of protected Indonesian wildlife is endemic primate of Bangka, Sumatra, Kalimantan and Natuna Islands. Studies on nutrition requirement through feed consumption and utilization of western tarsier was conducted in the Small Mammal Captivity of Zoology Division, Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) Cibinong, Bogor. The results indicated that average of dry matter intake was 4.05Â±0.14 g/head/day or 4.01Â±0.24% of body weight. Diets given were cricket and grasshopper, considered high coefficient of dry matter digestibility (94.33Â±1.76%). Average of the following nutrient intake was ash 4.12Â±0.04%; crude protein 64.52Â±0.49%; fat 12.82Â±0.68%; crude fiber 6.59Â±0.11%; nitrogen free extract 12.03Â±0.79% and gross energy 23.54Â±0.67 kcal/head/day. Average of body weight gain of western tarsier at this experiment was 0.5 5Â± 0.2 g/head/day with average of feed efficiency was 13.39Â±4.66% and protein efficiency ratio was 0.21Â±0.07 g/day. Average of total digestible nutrient (TDN) was 67.42Â±0.97%.Â© 2008 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: consumption, feed utilisation, Tarsius bancanus, captivity.
An exploration on the habitat, feeds and distribution of Tarsius tarsier (tarsier) in Selayar Island and Patunuang Nature Reserve, South Sulawesi
Authors: WIRDATETI WIRDATETI , DAHRUDIN HADI
Published: July 2014

This research was conducted in the forest of Selayar Island and in the Nature Reserve on forest of Patunuang South Sulawesi. The study sites were located at 0-250 m above sea level on four locations. Data being collected were the distribution, type of feeds, nest sites, habitat utilization and of type. During the observation, we found at least 10 nest sites which were distributed on three locations. The tarsier consume mainly insect, and it isnâ€™t collected. Fifty two species from 31 families were identified being habitat and five species from three families were the nest of Tarsier which were dominated by bamboo.Â© 2008 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Tarsius tarsier, feed, habitat, distribution, Selayar Island.
Interpretation of Mangrove Ecosystem Dynamic in Bintuni Bay Nature Reserve Using Geographic Information System
Authors: GANDHI YOSIAS , HARDIONO MARTHIN , RAHAWARIN YOHANES , NUGROHO JULIUS , MANUSAWAI JACOB
Published: July 2014

The aims of the research were to provide a base-line for interpreting and documenting future changes in vegetation cover. Base maps such as navigation map issued by Dishidros, the department of transportation year 1912 and 1917, and map of proposed Bintuni bay natural reserved issued by Biphut, Forestry Department year 2000, were compared to Landsat TMS images from 1989, 1999, and 2002 to evaluate changes in coastline: significant changes in land formation due to accretion and erosion were recorded. The database established for ecosystem dynamics, succession, and vegetation zonation at Bintuni Bay Nature Reserve is an important tool in future management of the conservation area.Â© 2008 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: mangrove ecosystem, GIS, Bintuny bay.