bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FAKTOR â€“ FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEJADIAN PREEKLAMPSIA DI KABUPATEN PROBOLINGGO
Authors: Ekasari Tutik , Natalia Mega Silvian , Zakiyyah Muthmainnah
Published: March 2019

Â AbstrakPreeklampsia merupakan masalah kebidanan yang masih belum bisa dipecahkan secara tuntas dan merupakan penyebab kematian ibu. Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) di Indonesia sekitar 1,5% - 2,5%. Pada tahun 2016 di Kabupaten Probolinggo Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI)Â  sebanyak 15 orang sedangkan 10 orang diantaranya dikarenakan Preeklampsia. Berdasarkan survei pendahuluan di Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Probolinggo pada tahun 2014 Angka Kematian Ibu akibat preeklampsi yaitu 16,66%, pada tahun 2015 sebanyak 30,77% dan pada tahun 2016 sebanyak 66,66%. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui faktor dominan yang mempengaruhi kejadian preeklampsia. Desain yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analitik korelasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi yang digunakan adalah semua ibu hamil preeklampsi pada bulan Juni - Agustus 2017 sebanyak 134 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan simple random sampling dan diperoleh sampel sejumlah 100 orang. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah Chi Square dan uji Regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kejadian preeklampsia adalah 71% dan variabel yang berhubungan secara signifikan adalah umur ibu, paritas, riwayat komplikasi, dan penyakit kronik. Variabel yang dominan pada penelitian ini adalah umur ibu dengan OR 4,302 artinya responden yang umur <20 tahun dan >35 tahun berpeluang 4,302 kali lebih berisiko preeklampsia dibandingkan dengan yang berumur 20 â€“ 35 tahun. Saran petugas kesehatan lebih mengoptimalkan pelayanan ANC.Â Kata Kunci : preeklampsia, ibu hamil, AKI, AKBÂ AbstractPreeclampsia is a midwifery problem that has not been completely resolved and the cause of maternal death. Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) in Indonesia ranges from 1.5% - 2.5%. In 2016 in Probolinggo Regency the Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) was 15 people while 10 of them were due to Preeclampsia. Based on a preliminary survey at the Probolinggo District Health Office in 2014 the maternal mortality rate due to preeclampsia was 16.66%, in 2015 it was 30.77% and in 2016 66.66%. The aim of the study was to determine the dominant factors that influence the incidence of preeclampsia. The design used in this study is correlational analytic with cross sectional approach. The population used was all preeclamptic pregnant women in June - August 2017 as many as 134 people. The sampling technique was simple random sampling and a sample of 100 people was obtained. The statistical test used is Chi Square and logistic regression test. The results showed that the incidence of preeclampsia was 71% and the variables that were significantly related were maternal age, parity, history of complications, and chronic disease. The dominant variable in this study is the age of the mother with OR 4.302 which means that respondents aged <20 years and> 35 years have a chance of 4.302 times more at risk of preeclampsia than those aged 20 - 35 years. Advice from health workers to optimize ANC services.Â Keywords : preeclampsia, pregnant mother, AKI, AKB
Government Internal Control System and Reliability of Social Aid Fund Management Financial Statements
Authors: Putri Dini Pramesti , Djuminah Djuminah , Narulitasari Devi
Published: March 2019

This study aims to determine the effect of the government internal control system (SPIP) which refers to Central Government Regulation Number 60 of 2008 on the reliability of financial statements for the management of social aid (BANSOS). Tests were carried out on 19 SKPD as social aid managers in Sukoharjo regency area. The results show that the elements of SPIP, namely the environment control, activities control and information and communication did not significantly influence the reliability of financial statements of social aid fund management. While other SPIP elements, namely risk assessment and monitoring have a significant effect on the reliability of financial statements of social aid management.
Türkiye Adresli Siyaset Bilimi Yayınlarının Bibliyometrik Analizi
Authors: CANSUN Şebnem , ARIK Engin
Published: March 2019

Bu çalışma Türkiye adresli siyaset bilimi yayınları üzerine hazırlanmış ilk bibliyometrik çalışmadır. Çalışmada Web of Science’ın Social Science Citation Index ve Arts & Humanities Citation Index veritabanlarında 1900-2016 yılları arası yayınlar ile Journal Citation Reports 2015 tarihli raporuna odaklanılarak Türkiye adresli siyaset bilimi yayınları incelenmiştir. Bu tarihlerde blunan toplam yayın sayısı 809 olup, bu sayı aynı tarihlerde ve aynı veri tabanlarındaki tüm siyaset bilimi yayınlarının %0,14’ünü oluşturmaktadır. Türkiye adresli 809 yayının %70’i makale ve %26’sı kitap incelemesi formatındadır. Yayınların sayısı son yıllarda hızlıca artmıştır, öyle ki Türkiye adresli siyaset bilimi yayınlarının yaklaşık %87’si 2000-2016 yılları arasında yapılmıştır. Bu yayınlar ağırlıkla Political Studies Review, South European Society and Politics ve Europe-Asia Studies dergilerinde yer almış ve yayınların yaklaşık %95’i İngilizce dilinde yapılmıştır. Her yayın ortalama yaklaşık 5 atıf almış ve de 33 yayını kaynak göstermiştir. Yayınlar sıklıkla Türkiye odaklı olup Avrupa Birliği ve Avrupa devletleriyle ilişkiler, siyasi partilerin siyasetteki etkisi, Türkiye’nin ekonomik ve sosyal durumunu, demokrasiyle sınavını incelemiştir.
İngiltere, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri ve Türkiye’nin Ulusal İnovasyon Sistemlerinin İncelenmesi: Türkiye İçin Öneriler
Authors: HANCIOĞLU Yasemin , ATAY Özlem
Published: March 2019

Dünya üzerinde küreselleşmenin etkisi rekabetin küresel düzeye taşınmasıdır. Rekabetin giderek şiddetini artırdığı küresel dünyada ülkelerin varlığını sürdürebilmesinin temelinde inovasyon yer almaktadır. Karmaşık yapıya sahip olan inovasyon kavramı, ulusal inovasyon sistemleri ve inovasyon politikaları ile çözülmeye çalışılmaktadır. Çalışmada, inovasyon göstergelerinde öncü olarak kabul edilen ülkelerden Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, İngiltere’nin ulusal inovasyon sistem ve politikaları incelenmiştir. Bu ülkelerle birlikte Türkiye’nin de ulusal inovasyon sistem ve politikaları ele alınmıştır. Bu incelemeler sonucunda, Türkiye’nin bilim ve teknoloji konusunda dünyadaki gelişmeleri detaylı bir şekilde izlemesi ve bu gelişmelerin elde edilmesinde ülkelerin kullandığı yol haritalarını kendi ülkesine uygun hale getirmesi gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır. Bu bağlamda, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri ve İngiltere’nin ulusal inovasyon sistem ve politikalarında öne çıkan kilit noktalar dikkate alınarak, Türkiye’nin inovasyon performansını artırabilecek tespit ve öneriler sunulmuştur
MITIGASI EMISI GAS RUMAH KACA
Authors: Wahyudi Jatmiko
Published: March 2019

ENGLISHClimate change becomes one of the most intensely critical issues over the last decade until today. Eventhough greenhouse gases (GHG) occur naturally in the atmosphere, anthropogenic is mainly responsible for increasing the greenhouse gases emission causing global warming/climate change. Actually, these gases play important roles for regulating the temperature of earth and earth atmosphere so that suitable for living things. Carbon dioxide (CO2) occupies more than half (76.7%) of the total GHG emission and energy supply becomes the most contributor of GHG emissions among other sectors. Climate change could lead to many environmental problems i.e., drought, floods, rising sea level, shifting weather pattern, greater variability of rainfall etc. For archipelagic country like Indonesia, the resulting sea level rise would give impact on inundation of coastal areas and increased loss of coastal habitats and ecosystem. The mitigation of GHG emissions is an option to reduce the intesity of global warming. As a part of global community, The government of Indonesia has a commitment to reduce the country’s GHG emissions by 26% with national resources or up to 41% with international support from a business-as-usual baseline by 2020. INDONESIAPemanasan global menjadi salah satu isu terpenting pada abad terakhir ini. Walaupun secara alami telah ada di atmosfer bumi, aktivitas manusia diyakini memberikan kontribusi yang signifikan terhadap peningkatan emisi gas rumah kaca (GRK) penyebab pemanasan global. Karbondioksida berkontribusi sebesar 76,7% dari total emisi GRK dan sektor penyediaan energi merupakan sektor yang menghasilkan emisi GRK terbesar dibandingkan sektor-sektor lain. Perubahan iklim menyebabkan terjadinya kekeringan, banjir, kenaikan muka air laut, perubahan cuaca, ketidakmenentuan pola curah hujan dan lain-lain. Bagi negara kepulauan seperti Indonesia, kenaikan muka air laut akan menyebabkan tenggelamnya kawasan pesisir dan meningkatkan hilangnya habitat dan ekosistem kawasan pesisir. Mitigasi emisi gas rumah kaca merupakan salah satu opsi untuk mengurangi semakin meningkatnya pemanasan global. Sebagai dukungan terhadap upaya dunia untuk mengurangi emisi GRK, Pemerintah Indonesia berkomitmen untuk menurunkan emisi GRK sebesar 26% dengan usaha sendiri dan 41% dengan bantuan internasional pada tahun 2020 dari kondisi tanpa adanya rencana aksi.
MASALAH GIZI PADA IBU HAMIL
Authors: Ernawati Aeda
Published: March 2019

ENGLISHPregnant mothers need adequate nutritions for both the mother’s and fetus’ health. Malnutrition during pregnancy tends to cause nutritional problems. However, many pregnant mothers do not know the significant of nutritional needs during pregnancy. The purpose of this article is to discuss nutritional problems that are likely to threat pregnant mothers. This article was a literature study. The main data were secondary data, which were obtained from governmental documents and previous relevant studies. Pregnant mothers are vulnerable to several nutrional problems, such as Chronic Energy Deficiency, Anemia, and Iodine Deficiency Disorder. Those nutrional problem during pregnancy tend to affect the quality of future generation due to slow physical growth, mental development, and low intelligence of children. INDONESIAWanita hamil memerlukan gizi yang cukup untuk kesehatan ibu dan janinnya. Jika kebutuhan gizi ibu tidak tercukupimaka dapatberpotensi menyebabkan masalah gizi. Namun demikian, ibu hamil seringkali tidak mengetahui adanya peningkatan kebutuhan gizi selama kehamilan. Tujuan penulisan untuk membahas tentang masalah-masalah gizi yang rentan terjadi pada ibu hamil. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi literatur. Data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder berupa laporan dari instansi pemerintah dan penelitian-penelitian terdahulu. Ibu hamil rentan mengalami beberapa permasalahan kurang gizi. Masalah gizi yang sering terjadi pada ibu hamil adalah Kurang Energi Kronis (KEK), Anemia, dan Gangguan Akibat Kekurangan Yodium.Masalah gizipada ibu hamil berdampak pada kesehatan ibu dan bayinya. Bayi yang dilahirkan dapat mengalami keterlambatan pertumbuhan fisik dan perkembangan mental serta penurunan kecerdasan.
SATURATION OF STRIGA RESISTANCE QTLS IN SORGHUM (Sorghum bicolor (L.) MOENCH)
Authors: Ali Rasha , Mohamed Abdalla H. , Elhussein Adil , Hash Charles T.
Published: March 2019

Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench is the 5th most important cereal crop worldwide. The main biotic constraint to sorghum production is the parasitic weed Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth. Striga is controlled using a combination of cultural, chemical and bio-control measures which cannot be afforded by farmers. A cost-effective alternative is to breed varieties resistant to Striga. Previous studies involving development of a sorghum genetic linkage map and mapping genomic regions contributing to Striga resistance have shown that resistance is a complex trait controlled by at least five QTLs. Genetic linkage maps provide an important genomic resource for understanding genome organization and evolution, and genetic basis of quantitative traits, and provide useful information for identifying and isolating genes responsible for a given phenotype. Therefore there is need for identification of molecular markers closely linked to these resistance QTLs to improve efficiency of marker-assisted selection (MAS) to accelerate development of Striga-resistant varieties. The aim of this study was to saturate genomic regions of Striga resistance QTLs using SSRs and DArT markers. QTL regions associated with Striga resistance were well saturated and confidence intervals for these QTLs were reduced: 27 SSR markers, two morphological markers, along with 175 DArTs markers were added to the previously mapped skeleton linkage map on linkage groups SBI-01, SBI-02, SBI-05a, SBI-05b and SBI-06 at intervals of 3-5 cM. Identified markers would be useful in marker-assisted selection for Introgression of this trait into susceptible sorghum cultivars. Addition of markers tightly linked to Striga resistance QTLs are not only advantageous for MAS application, but also assisted in saturating the sorghum linkage map.
INTROGRESSION OF STRIGA RESISTANCE INTO POPULAR SUDANESE SORGHUM VARIETIES USING MARKER ASSISTED SELECTION
Authors: Ali Rasha , Hash Charles T. , Damaris Odeny , Elhussein Adil , Mohamed Abdalla H.
Published: March 2019

Witchweed (Strigas spp.) is one of the most important cereals production constraints globally and is projected to worsen with anticipated climate change. It is especially a devastating parasitic weed in Sub-Saharan Africa and parts of Asia. Integrated management strategies that depend mainly on host plant resistance provide the most effective control mechanism for Striga. We used molecular marker-assisted backcrossing to introgress Striga resistance from a resistant genotype, N13, into agronomically important genetic backgrounds (Tabat and Wad Ahmed). Backcross populations BC3S3 were generated and genotyped using Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) and Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) markers. A total of 17 promising backcross progenies were selected and screened in Striga infested field alongside their parents. The Area Under Striga Progress Curve (AUSPC) showed significant decrease in Striga count (920-7.5) resulting in a 97-189% increase in yield under Striga pressure. Our results demonstrate the practical application of marker assisted selection (MAS) to generate farmer-preferrd Striga resistant lines in Sudan.
ASSESSMENT OF GENETIC DIVERSITY OF SORGHUM [SORGHUM BICOLOR (L.) MOENCH] GERMPLASM IN EAST AND CENTRAL AFRICA
Authors: Salih Shadia A. , Labuschange Labuschange T. , Mohammed Abdalla H.
Published: March 2019

The study of genetic diversity in crops has a strong impact on plant breeding and maintenance of genetic resources. Comprehensive knowledge of the genetic biodiversity of cultivated and wild sorghum germplasm is an important prerequisite for sustainability of sorghum production. Recurrent droughts resulting from climate change scenarios’ in many East and Central Africa countries, where sorghum is a significant arable crop, can potentially lead to genetic erosion and loss of valuable genetic resources. This study aimed at assessing the extent and pattern of genetic diversity and population genetic structure among sorghum accessions from selected countries in East and Central Africa (Sudan, Kenya, Uganda, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Rwanda and Burundi) using39 microsatellites markers. The studied loci were polymorphic and revealed a total of 941 alleles in 1108 sorghum genotypes. High levels of diversity were revealed with Sudan (68.5) having the highest level of genetic diversity followed by Ethiopia (65.3), whereas Burundi (0.45) and Rwanda (0.33) had the lowest level of genetic diversity. Analysis of molecular variance indicated, all variance components to be highly significant (p<0.001). The bulk of the variation was partitioned within countries (68.1%) compared to among countries (31.9%). Genetic differentiation between countries based on FST values was high and highly significant (FST=0.32). Neighbour-joining (NJ) analysis formed two distinct clusters according to geographic regions, namely the central region (Kenya, Burundi, Uganda and Rwanda) and the eastern region (Sudan, Ethiopia, and Eritrea). Population structure analysis revealed six distinct populations corresponding to NJ analysis and geographical origin of accessions. Countries clustered independently with small integration, which indicated the role of farmers’ practices in the maintenance of landrace identity and genetic diversity. The observed high level of genetic diversity indicated that germplasm from East Africa should be preserved from genetic erosion, especially in countries with the highest diversity.
AN UNCULTURED BACTERIUM ASSOCIATED WITH INFECTION IN MANDARIN (Citrus reticulata) IN PAKISTAN
Authors: Mushtaq Sehrish , Shafiq Muhammad , Afzaal Sohaib , Ashraf Tehseen , Haider Muhammad S.
Published: March 2019

This study was aimed to isolate and characterize the bacterium associated with citrus greening disease. As this disease cause losses in citrus industry of Pakistan. It was suspected that may be there are more than one bacterium involved in this disease development. This disease look like happens due to complex population of microorganism so the reason is still not identified. There is a need of extensive research on citrus greening to know the basic reason for this disease. Therefore an extensive survey of citrus orchards infected with citrus greening disease in Mian Chanu region of Punjab, Pakistan was conducted in August, 2015. Vein yellowing, blotchy mottle and vein thickening were recorded. . The PCR product of size 1500 bp was amplified with universal 16sRNA primers 27F/1492R and Nucleotide sequence was deposited in Gene Bank NCBI through accession number LT592134. BLAST and Phylogenetic analysis established their association with separate group. In our knowledge, this might be a new uncultured bacterium (1369 bp), associated with infection in citrus tree in Mian chanu, Pakistan.
APPLICATION OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATOR AND POTASSIUM NITRATE TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY AND YIELD IN WASHINGTON NAVEL ORANGES (Citrus sinensis)
Authors: Asim Muhammad , Haque Ehsan ul , Ashraf Tehseen , . Amina , Hayat Akbar , Aziz Abdul
Published: March 2019

Fruit yields of traditional navels like Washington Navels are lower as compared to other sweet oranges due to low fruit set and quality problems like creasing. Effect of plant growth regulator and Potassium (GA3 and KNO3) alone and in combination were tested in Sargodha, Punjab conditions at full bloom stage of Washington navel oranges. Impact of these treatments was tested on fruit yield, quality and to reduce the physiological disorder; incidence of creasing. Fruit set and yields were increased over non-treated trees, while combine treatment of GA3 and KNO3 (GA3 25% and KNO3 2%) had best results in fruit yields and quality i.e. fruit weight, size, TSS, acidity and other qualitative characteristics of the fruit. Creasing was effectively minimized by spraying plant in combination of GA3 and KNO3, thus reducing the quantitative and qualitative post-harvest fruit losses.
Land Governance Re-Arrangements: The One-Country One-System (OCOS) Versus One-Country Two-System (OCTS) Approach
Authors: Lee Cheonjae , de Vries Walter Timo , Chigbu Uchendu Eugene
Published: March 2019

This paper evaluates how land governance is re-arranged in a state re-structuring process. We compare the cases of the (re-)unification of China with Hong Kong with that of West and East Germany. The division and (re-)unification of these states mark different land governance re-arrangements. The China-Hong Kong (re-)unification relied on a one-country two-system (OCTS) approach, while in West and East Germany, (re-)unification resulted in the creation of a one-country one-system (OCOS). Our key interest is to identify similarities and differences in both cases and the implications of the differences. To support the analysis, we view land governance and (re-)unification from theoretical to practical lenses—structuration theory and the government tools-based approach. This supports the construction of a conceptual and analytical framework, with which we conduct an in-depth exploration to evaluate land governance re-arrangements. We find that the conceptual and analytical framework proves effective for countries, with entirely different land governance regimes, to decide whether to merge or adapt. We do not conclude which approaches for (re-)unification are appropriate to land governance re-arrangements since all countries have different historical contexts and institutional arrangements. Instead, we recommend that governments consider adaptive land governance in signification structures and focus on hierarchical enforcement in legitimation structures. While multi-level land governance in the domination structure phase is strongly required, issue-and-project-based land governance has a pivotal role in providing cross-boundary infrastructures. Nevertheless, further empirical analysis is recommended to verify how and where the re-arrangement processes are initiated and structured.
Biodiversity of Vegetable Crops, A Living Heritage
Authors: Renna Massimiliano , Signore Angelo , Montesano Francesco F. , Gonnella Maria , Santamaria Pietro
Published: March 2019

Biodiversity is the natural heritage of the planet and is one of the key factors of sustainable development, due to its importance not only for the environmental aspects of sustainability but also for the social and economic ones. The purpose of this Special Issue is to publish high-quality research papers addressing recent progress and perspectives while focusing on different aspects related to the biodiversity of vegetable crops. Original, high-quality contributions that have not yet been published, or that are not currently under review by other journals, have been gathered. A broad range of aspects such as genetic, crop production, environments, customs and traditions were covered. All contributions are of significant relevance and could stimulate further research in this area.
Effect of Anacardic Acid against Thiram Induced Tibial Dyschondroplasia in Chickens via Regulation of Wnt4 Expression
Authors: Jiang Xiong , Zhang Hui , Mehmood Khalid , Li Kun , Zhang Lihong , Yao Wangyuan , Tong Xiaole , Li Aoyun , Wang Yaping , Jiang Jinhuan , Iqbal Mujahid , Waqas Muhammad , Li Jiakui
Published: March 2019

Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) is a tibia bone problem in broilers. Anacardic acid (AA) is a traditional Chinese medicine, which is commonly used to treat arthritis in human. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of AA against TD. A total of 300 day-old poultry birds were equally divided and distributed into three different groups: Control, TD and AA groups. The results showed that the feed conversion ratio was significantly lower in the TD group than control chickens. The tibia bone parameters including weight, length and width were of low quality in TD chickens, while the width of the tibial growth plate was enlarged remarkably. Whereas, in the AA treatment group, the tibia bone parameters showed improvement and tend to return to normal. The antioxidant parameters level of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total and antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) was significantly decreased, while malondialdehyde (MDA) level was increased significantly in TD affected chickens. AA administration restored the antioxidant parameters significantly. The gene expression revealed a decrease in Wnt4 expression in TD chickens as compared to control chickens, while AA treatment up-regulated the Wnt4 expression. The present study demonstrates that the AA plays an important role to prevent the lameness and restore the size of tibial growth plate of chickens by regulating the expression of Wnt4.
Evaluation of Linkage Disequilibrium, Effective Population Size and Haplotype Block Structure in Chinese Cattle
Authors: Xu Lei , Zhu Bo , Wang Zezhao , Xu Ling , Liu Ying , Chen Yan , Zhang Lupei , Gao Xue , Gao Huijiang , Zhang Shengli , Xu Lingyang , Li Junya
Published: March 2019

Understanding the linkage disequilibrium (LD) across the genome, haplotype structure, and persistence of phase between breeds can enable us to appropriately design and implement the genome-wide association (GWAS) and genomic selection (GS) in beef cattle. We estimated the extent of genome-wide LD, haplotype block structure, and the persistence of phase in 10 Chinese cattle population using high density BovinHD BeadChip. The overall LD measured by r2 between adjacent SNPs were 0.60, 0.67, 0.58, 0.73, and 0.71 for South Chinese cattle (SCHC), North Chinese cattle (NCC), Southwest Chinese cattle (SWC), Simmental (SIM), and Wagyu (WAG). The highest correlation (0.53) for persistence of phase across groups was observed for SCHC vs. SWC at distances of 0–50 kb, while the lowest correlation was 0.13 for SIM vs. SCHC at the same distances. In addition, the estimated current effective population sizes were 27, 14, 31, 34, and 43 for SCHC, NCC, SWC, SIM, and WAG, respectively. Our result showed that 58K, 87K, 95K, 52K, and 52K markers were required for implementation of GWAS and GS in SCHC, NCC, SWC, SIM, and WAG, respectively. Also, our findings suggested that the implication of genomic selection for multipopulation with high persistence of phase is feasible for Chinese cattle.
Kinetic Analysis and Epitope Mapping of Monoclonal Antibodies to Salmonella Typhimurium Flagellin Using a Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor
Authors: Bhandari Devendra , Chen Fur-Chi , Hamal Shreya , Bridgman Roger C.
Published: March 2019

Salmonella Typhimurium is one of the leading causes of foodborne diseases worldwide. Biosensors and immunoassays utilizing monoclonal antibodies are widely used for the detection and subtyping of S. Typhimurium. However, due to insufficient information on the nature of binding with S. Typhimurium flagellin, the selection of appropriate antibodies for assay development is a cumbersome task. Hence, we aimed to compare the binding kinetics of a panel of monoclonal antibodies and their relative binding sites to flagellin antigen using a surface plasmon resonance biosensor. Initially, the flagellin was captured on the sensor surface through an immobilized anti-flagellin antibody. The interactions of different concentrations of monoclonal antibodies to flagellin were determined, and binding curves were fitted using 1:1 bio-interaction model to calculate the kinetic parameters. For epitope mapping, pairwise comparisons were completed to determine the binding inhibition of each paired combination of monoclonal antibodies. It was found that these monoclonal antibodies differed significantly (p < 0.05) in association rate, dissociation rate, and equilibrium dissociation constants. Of the five monoclonal antibodies, only two interfered with the binding of each other. Four distinct epitopes located within a 23 kDa domain of flagellin were identified. Findings from this study provide crucial information needed for the further development and optimization of biosensors and other immunoassays for the detection and subtyping of Salmonella.
Exploring the Utility of 3-D-printed Laboratory Equipment
Authors: Zhou Yifei , Duan Chuyun , Doh Iyll-Joon , Bae Euiwon
Published: March 2019

Many laboratories utilize different types of opto-mechanical positioning devices in their experiments. Such devices include lateral stages, which provide 1-dimenstional translational movement, 3-dimensional translation stages, and laboratory jacks, which provide a convenient way of changing the vertical position of a sample. Recent advances in and affordability of 3-D printing have opened up a variety of possibilities, not only providing versatile and custom-designed laboratory equipment but also reducing the cost of constructing typical laboratory opto-mechanical positioning stages. Here, we present the possibility of printing typical linear stages, thereby constructing a full XYZ stage. In addition, a vertical laboratory jack, which utilizes a scissor format, has also been printed using polylactic acid (PLA) filament. The design of these systems required modeling the strength of material to estimate the deflection, which was conducted by finite element analysis. The effectiveness of the proposed 3-D-printed positioning devices was tested by measuring the stroke and the repeatability. As an example of application, a multispectral reflection imaging device was constructed with the help of 3-D-printed linear stages and a laboratory scissor jack.
Accuracy and Inter-Unit Reliability of Ultra-Wide-Band Tracking System in Indoor Exercise
Authors: Bastida-Castillo Alejandro , Gómez-Carmona Carlos David , De la Cruz-Sánchez Ernesto , Reche-Royo Xavier , Ibáñez Sergio José , Pino Ortega José
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of positional data and the inter-unit reliability of an ultra-wide-band (UWB) tracking system. Four well-trained males performed five courses designed for the analysis of x- and y-coordinate accuracy analysis, specifically related to the positional distance variation between the UWB data and the fixed reference lines of a basketball court. This was achieved using geographic information system (GIS) mapping software that calculated, for each interval and participant, the distance from the main axis of displacement and from the opposite side of the court each 0.5 s (x and y coordinate). The accuracy of the results was satisfactory, with a mean absolute error of all estimations for the x-position of 5.2 ± 3.1 cm and for the y-position of 5.8 ± 2.3 cm. Regarding inter-unit reliability, the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) value was high for the x-coordinate (0.65) and very high for the y-coordinate (0.85). The main findings of the study were: (i) The accuracy of UWB tracking systems can be considered suitable for practical applications in sport analyses; (ii) position estimations are very precise and acceptable for tactical analyses; (iii) the error of the position estimations does not change significantly across different courses; and (iv) the use of different devices does not significantly affect the measurement error.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cement Mortar Containing Phase Change Materials
Authors: Yun Hyun-Do , Lee Jong-Won , Jang Young-Il , Jang Seok-Joon , Choi Wonchang
Published: March 2019

This paper presents an investigation of the characterization of cement mortar containing phase change materials (PCMs) in order to control the development of hydration heat. The study examined microstructural characteristics and properties of cement mortar with PCMs such as flow, compressive strength, and flexural strength. This research involved two types of PCM and up to 15% cement added to cement mortar mixtures. The two types of PCM used in this study are PCM with barium (PCM-Ba) and PCM with strontium (PCM-Sr). The experimental results indicate that both the incremental temperature rise and the maximum temperature release time of PCM up to 5% addition are delayed. Both PCM-Ba and PCM-Sr are effective in reducing the development of hydration heat. The microstructural analysis results show that the crystalloid content of cement mortar without PCMs is about 3% more from cement mortar with PCMs, regardless of the type of PCMs used, and that no significant difference is evident in the formation of crystals between cement mortar with and without PCMs.
Cache Misses and the Recovery of the Full AES 256 Key
Authors: Briongos Samira , Malagón Pedro , de Goyeneche Juan-Mariano , Moya Jose M.
Published: March 2019

The CPU cache is a hardware element that leaks significant information about the software running on the CPU. Particularly, any application performing sequences of memory access that depend on sensitive information, such as private keys, is susceptible to suffer a cache attack, which would reveal this information. In most cases, side-channel cache attacks do not require any specific permission and just need access to a shared cache. This fact, combined with the spread of cloud computing, where the infrastructure is shared between different customers, has made these attacks quite popular. Traditionally, cache attacks against AES use the information about the victim to access an address. In contrast, we show that using non-access provides much more information and demonstrate that the power of cache attacks has been underestimated during these last years. This novel approach is applicable to existing attacks: Prime+Probe, Flush+Reload, Flush+Flush and Prime+Abort. In all cases, using cache misses as source of information, we could retrieve the 128-bit AES key with a reduction in the number of samples of between 93% and 98% compared to the traditional approach. Further, this attack was adapted and extended in what we call the encryption-by-decryption cache attack (EBD), to obtain a 256-bit AES key. In the best scenario, our approach obtained the 256 bits of the key of the OpenSSL AES T-table-based implementation using fewer than 10,000 samples, i.e., 135 milliseconds, proving that AES-256 is only about three times more complex to attack than AES-128 via cache attacks. Additionally, the proposed approach was successfully tested in a cross-VM scenario.
Recent Advances in Plasmonic Sensor-Based Fiber Optic Probes for Biological Applications
Authors: Gandhi M. S. Aruna , Chu Suoda , Senthilnathan K. , Babu P. Ramesh , Nakkeeran K. , Li Qian
Published: March 2019

The survey focuses on the most significant contributions in the field of fiber optic plasmonic sensors (FOPS) in recent years. FOPSs are plasmonic sensor-based fiber optic probes that use an optical field to measure the biological agents. Owing to their high sensitivity, high resolution, and low cost, FOPS turn out to be potential alternatives to conventional biological fiber optic sensors. FOPS use optical transduction mechanisms to enhance sensitivity and resolution. The optical transduction mechanisms of FOPS with different geometrical structures and the photonic properties of the geometries are discussed in detail. The studies of optical properties with a combination of suitable materials for testing the biosamples allow for diagnosing diseases in the medical field.
Special Issue on ‘Large Grid-Connected Wind Turbines’
Authors: Muyeen S. M. , Blaabjerg Frede
Published: March 2019

The renewable energy penetration rate to the power grid is rapidly increasing these days [...]
Optimization of Grinding Parameters for Minimum Grinding Time When Grinding Tablet Punches by CBN Wheel on CNC Milling Machine
Authors: Vu Ngoc-Pi , Nguyen Quoc-Tuan , Tran Thi-Hong , Le Hong-Ky , Nguyen Anh-Tuan , Luu Anh-Tung , Nguyen Van-Tung , Le Xuan-Hung
Published: March 2019

Cutting regime parameters play an important role in determining the efficiency of the grinding process and the quality of the ground parts. In this study, the influences of the cutting parameters, including the cutting depth (ae), the feed rate (Fe) and the wheel speed (RPM) on the grinding time when grinding tablet shape punches by a cubic boron nitride (CBN) wheel on a CNC (Computerized Numerical Control) milling machine are investigated. The Taguchi technique based on orthogonal array and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was then applied to design the number of experiments and evaluate the influence of cutting depth, feed rate and wheel speed on the grinding time. The results show that among the three cutting parameters, the most influential parameter on the grinding time is the cutting depth. The second influential parameter on the grinding time is the feed rate. The least influential parameter on grinding time is the wheel speed. In addition, the optimal condition of cutting parameters obtained for grinding tablet shape punches by cubic boron nitride wheels on a CNC milling machine are a cutting depth of 0.03 mm, wheel speed of 5000 rpm and feed rate of 3500 mm/min. This optimum cutting parameters ensure the least grinding time.
Nonlinear Metasurface for Structured Light with Tunable Orbital Angular Momentum
Authors: Xu Yun , Sun Jingbo , Frantz Jesse , Shalaev Mikhail I. , Walasik Wiktor , Pandey Apra , Myers Jason D. , Bekele Robel Y. , Tsukernik Alexander , Sanghera Jasbinder S. , Litchinitser Natalia M.
Published: March 2019

Orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams may create a new paradigm for the future classical and quantum communication systems. A majority of existing OAM beam converters are bulky, slow, and cannot withstand high powers. Here, we design and experimentally demonstrate an ultra-fast, compact chalcogenide-based all-dielectric metasurface beam converter which has the ability to transform a Hermite–Gaussian (HG) beam into a beam carrying an OAM at near infrared wavelength. Depending on the input beam intensity, the topological charge carried by the output OAM beam can be switched between positive and negative. The device provides high transmission efficiency and is fabricated by a standard electron beam lithography. Arsenic trisulfide (As 2 S 3 ) chalcogenide glass (ChG) offers ultra-fast and large third-order nonlinearity as well as a low two-photon absorption coefficient in the near infrared spectral range.
Drawing in the Digital Age: Observations and Implications for Education
Authors: Simmons Seymour
Published: March 2019

This paper looks at recent examples of how drawing is advancing into the digital age: in London: the annual symposium on Thinking Through Drawing; in Paris: an exhibition at the Grand Palais, Artistes et Robots; a conference at the Institut d’études avancées on Space-Time Geometries and Movement in the Brain and in the Arts; and, at the Drawing Lab, Cinéma d’Été. These events are contrasted to a recent decline in drawing instruction in pre-professional programs of art, architecture, and design as well as in pre-K12 art education due largely to the digital revolution. In response, I argue for the ongoing importance of learning to draw both in visual art and in general education at all levels in the digital age.
Electron Scattering Processes in Non-Monochromatic and Relativistically Intense Laser Fields
Authors: Cajiao Vélez Felipe , Kamiński Jerzy Z. , Krajewska Katarzyna
Published: March 2019

The theoretical analysis of four fundamental laser-assisted non-linear scattering processes are summarized in this review. Our attention is focused on Thomson, Compton, Møller and Mott scattering in the presence of intense electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the phenomena under considerations, we model the laser field as a single laser pulse of ultrashort duration (for Thomson and Compton scattering) or non-monochromatic trains of pulses (for Møller and Mott scattering).
A New Set Theory for Analysis
Authors: Ramírez Juan Pablo
Published: March 2019

We provide a canonical construction of the natural numbers in the universe of sets. Then, the power set of the natural numbers is given the structure of the real number system. For this, we prove the co-finite topology, C o f ( N ) , is isomorphic to the natural numbers. Then, we prove the power set of integers, 2 Z , contains a subset isomorphic to the non-negative real numbers, with all its defining structures of operations and order. We use these results to give the power set, 2 N , the structure of the real number system. We give simple rules for calculating addition, multiplication, subtraction, division, powers and rational powers of real numbers, and logarithms. Supremum and infimum functions are explicitly constructed, also. Section 6 contains the main results. We propose a new axiomatic basis for analysis, which represents real numbers as sets of natural numbers. We answer Benacerraf’s identification problem by giving a canonical representation of natural numbers, and then real numbers, in the universe of sets. In the last section, we provide a series of graphic representations and physical models of the real number system. We conclude that the system of real numbers is completely defined by the order structure of natural numbers and the operations in the universe of sets.
Calixarenes: Generalities and Their Role in Improving the Solubility, Biocompatibility, Stability, Bioavailability, Detection, and Transport of Biomolecules
Authors: Español Edilma Sanabria , Villamil Mauricio Maldonado
Published: March 2019

The properties and characteristics of calix[n]arenes are described, as well as their capacity to form amphiphilic assemblies by means of the design of synthetic macrocycles with a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail. Their interaction with various substances of interest in pharmacy, engineering, and medicine is also described. In particular, the role of the calix[n]arenes in the detection of dopamine, the design of vesicles and liposomes employed in the manufacture of systems of controlled release drugs used in the treatment of cancer, and their role in improving the solubility of testosterone and anthelmintic drugs and the biocompatibility of biomaterials useful for the manufacture of synthetic organs is emphasized. The versatility of these macrocycles, able to vary in size, shape, functional groups, and hydrophobicity and to recognize various biomolecules and molecules with biological activity without causing cytotoxicity is highlighted.
Rational Design, Synthesis and Preliminary Evaluation of Novel Fusarinine C-Based Chelators for Radiolabeling with Zirconium-89
Authors: Zhai Chuangyan , He Shanzhen , Ye Yunjie , Rangger Christine , Kaeopookum Piriya , Summer Dominik , Haas Hubertus , Kremser Leopold , Lindner Herbert , Foster Julie , Sosabowski Jane , Decristoforo Clemens
Published: March 2019

Fusarinine C (FSC) has recently been shown to be a promising and novel chelator for 89Zr. Here, FSC has been further derivatized to optimize the complexation properties of FSC-based chelators for 89Zr-labeling by introducing additional carboxylic groups. These were expected to improve the stability of 89Zr-complexes by saturating the 8-coordination sphere of [89Zr] Zr4+, and also to introduce functionalities suitable for conjugation to targeting vectors such as monoclonal antibodies. For proof of concept, succinic acid derivatization at the amine groups of FSC was carried out, resulting in FSC(succ)2 and FSC(succ)3. FSC(succ)2 was further derivatized to FSC(succ)2 AA by reacting with acetic anhydride (AA). The Zr4+ complexation properties of these chelators were studied by reacting with ZrCl4. Partition coefficient, protein binding, serum stability, acid dissociation, and transchelation studies of 89Zr-complexes were carried out in vitro and the results were compared with those for 89Zr-desferrioxamine B ([89Zr]Zr-DFO) and 89Zr-triacetylfusarinine C ([89Zr]Zr-TAFC). The in vivo properties of [89Zr]Zr-FSC(succ)3 were further compared with [89Zr]Zr-TAFC in BALB/c mice using micro-positron emission tomography/computer tomography (microPET/CT) imaging. Fusarinine C (succ)2AA and FSC(succ)3 were synthesized with satisfactory yields. Complexation with ZrCl4 was achieved using a simple strategy resulting in high-purity Zr-FSC(succ)2AA and Zr-FSC(succ)3 with 1:1 stoichiometry. Distribution coefficients of 89Zr-complexes revealed increased hydrophilic character compared to [89Zr]Zr-TAFC. All radioligands showed high stability in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and human serum and low protein-bound activity over a period of seven days. Acid dissociation and transchelation studies exhibited a range of in vitro stabilities following the order: [89Zr]Zr-FSC(succ)3 > [89Zr]Zr-TAFC > [89Zr]Zr-FSC(succ)2AA >> [89Zr]Zr-DFO. Biodistribution studies of [89Zr]Zr-FSC(succ)3 revealed a slower excretion pattern compared to [89Zr]Zr-TAFC. In conclusion, [89Zr]Zr-FSC(succ)3 showed the best stability and inertness. The promising results obtained with [89Zr]Zr-FSC(succ)2AA highlight the potential of FSC(succ)2 as a monovalent chelator for conjugation to targeted biomolecules, in particular, monoclonal antibodies.
EMT Regulation by Autophagy: A New Perspective in Glioblastoma Biology
Authors: Colella Barbara , Faienza Fiorella , Di Bartolomeo Sabrina
Published: March 2019

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and its reverse process MET naturally occur during development and in tissue repair in vertebrates. EMT is also recognized as the crucial event by which cancer cells acquire an invasive phenotype through the activation of specific transcription factors and signalling pathways. Even though glial cells have a mesenchymal phenotype, an EMT-like process tends to exacerbate it during gliomagenesis and progression to more aggressive stages of the disease. Autophagy is an evolutionary conserved degradative process that cells use in order to maintain a proper homeostasis, and defects in autophagy have been associated to several pathologies including cancer. Besides modulating cell resistance or sensitivity to therapy, autophagy also affects the migration and invasion capabilities of tumor cells. Despite this evidence, few papers are present in literature about the involvement of autophagy in EMT-like processes in glioblastoma (GBM) so far. This review summarizes the current understanding of the interplay between autophagy and EMT in cancer, with special regard to GBM model. As the invasive behaviour is a hallmark of GBM aggressiveness, defining a new link between autophagy and EMT can open a novel scenario for targeting these processes in future therapeutical approaches.
Anatomic Origin of Osteochondrogenic Progenitors Impacts Sensitivity to EWS-FLI1-Induced Transformation
Authors: Pfaltzgraff Elise R. , Apfelbaum April , Kassa Andrew P. , Song Jane Y. , Jiang Wei , Suhan Tahra K. , Wellik Deneen M. , Lawlor Elizabeth R.
Published: March 2019

Ewing sarcomas predominantly arise in pelvic and stylopod bones (i.e., femur and humerus), likely as a consequence of EWS-FLI1 oncogene-induced transformation of mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSCs). MSCs located in the embryonic superficial zone cells (eSZ) of limbs express anatomically distinct posterior Hox genes. Significantly, high expression of posterior HOXD genes, especially HOXD13, is a hallmark of Ewing sarcoma. These data drove our hypothesis that Hox genes in posterior skeleton MSCs contribute to Ewing sarcoma tumorigenesis. We isolated eSZ cells from stylopod and zeugopod (i.e., tibia/fibula, radius/ulna) bones, from wild-type and Hoxd13 mutant embryos, and tested the impact of EWS-FLI1 transduction on cell proliferation, gene expression, and tumorigenicity. Our data demonstrate that both stylopod and zeugopod eSZ cells tolerate EWS-FLI1 but that stylopod eSZ cells are relatively more susceptible, demonstrating changes in proliferation and gene expression consistent with initiation of malignant transformation. Significantly, loss of Hoxd13 had no impact, showing that it is dispensable for the initiation of EWS-FLI1-induced transformation in mouse MSCs. These findings show that MSCs from anatomically distinct sites are differentially susceptible to EWS-FLI1-induced transformation, supporting the premise that the dominant presentation of Ewing sarcoma in pelvic and stylopod bones is attributable to anatomically-defined differences in MSCs.