bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
À propos d’un cas de résorptions radiculaires sévères en orthodontie : quelle étiologie et quelle prise en charge?
Authors: Dubernard Charles , Cuminetti Fany , Canal Pierre
Published: June 2017

Introduction: Root resorptions are, with white spots, some of the inconveniences caused by orthodontic treatments. Although they are rare, they should not be ignored despite the many benefits gained by orthodontic treatment. Contrary to white spots, which are controllable by good dental hygiene, root resorptions can occur despite patient cooperation. Orthodontists should be aware of this phenomenon and make regular radiologic controls a priority for detection “before, during and after” treatment. Material and Method: After literary references, the presentation of the case report will illustrate the role of the orthodontist in the preservation and care of teeth damaged by impacted cuspids. Discussion: The discussion will focus on the prevention and the interception of those phenomena, the etiologic research on these cases, on medical supervision and prognostic for damaged teeth. Conclusion: Before the conclusion, we will evoke the contribution of the cone-beam in the diagnosis of root resorption.
Collaboration parodontie et orthodontie : intérêts des corticotomies alvéolaires et de la piézocision. Revue de la littérature
Authors: Mertens Brenda , Angioni Charles , Orti Valérie , Canal Pierre
Published: June 2017

Introduction : L’orthodontie chez l’adulte doit s’adapter à certaines particularités notamment liées à la diminution ou à l’absence de croissance, ainsi qu’à la prévalence des atteintes parodontales dans cette population. Cette revue de la littérature a pour objectifs d’évaluer les effets des corticotomies alvéolaires sur l’accélération ou la facilitation des déplacements dentaires selon les différents types de mouvements orthodontiques, de comparer les résultats obtenus par technique classique avec ceux obtenus par piézocision et d’analyser leur impact sur les tissus parodontaux sur le long terme. Matériels et méthodes : La recherche a été réalisée avec les bases de données Medline, Embase et Cochrane, à partir de janvier 2000. Chaque étude, sélectionnée par son titre et son résumé, a ensuite été évaluée à travers son contenu complet. Au total, 65 études ont été incluses. Résultats : Toutes les études ont montré que les corticotomies facilitent et accélèrent temporairement le déplacement dentaire orthodontique avec des complications minimes. Aucune lésion parodontale, perte de vitalité pulpaire ou résorption radiculaire sévère n’a été rapportée. Discussion : Seules quelques études ont examiné des groupes témoins traités par orthodontie conventionnelle. La corticotomie permet l’accélération temporaire des déplacements dentaires orthodontiques et la piézocision, moins invasive et réalisée dans certaines indications, allège quant à elle les suites post-opératoires. Cependant, le fait que l’utilisation de corticotomies alvéolaires diminue significativement le temps de traitement reste incertain, en raison de l’absence de données significatives. Davantage d’études prospectives randomisées sont nécessaires afin d’analyser plus précisément la diminution du temps de traitement global, l’amélioration du contexte parodontal et de la stabilité des résultats du traitement orthodontique sur le long terme suite aux corticotomies alvéolaires.
Traitement de l’hypoplasie des incisives latérales maxillaires par substitution canine. A propos d’un cas clinique
Authors: Benkaddour Asmae , Benyahia Hicham , Mohtarim Bouabid EL , Zaoui Fatima
Published: June 2017

Introduction : Face à un patient présentant un trouble morphologique ou numérique des incisives latérales supérieures (agénésie ou hypoplasie), l’orthodontiste doit choisir entre deux solutions thérapeutiques : soit un aménagement des espaces en vue d’une restauration prothétique, soit une fermeture des espaces avec substitution des incisives latérales par les canines; tout dépend du contexte clinique face auquel on se trouve. Chaque solution thérapeutique présente ses avantages et ses inconvénients et il est difficile de faire pencher la balance dans un sens ou dans un autre. Matériel et méthode : Cet article illustre la justification d’une conduite thérapeutique par la fermeture des espaces, chez une patiente en classe III squelettique, présentant des incisives latérales supérieures hypoplasiques riziformes.
Effect of Visible Light on Vasospasticity of Post–Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Cerebrospinal Fluid
Authors: Omay Bulent , Aras Yavuz , Aydoseli Aydın , Ali Achmet , Erdem Tulin , Sencer Altay , Kiris Talat , Sabanci Pulat
Published: June 2017

Background and Objective Cerebral vasospasm (CV) is a serious complication of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) with high morbidity and mortality rates. The mechanism of CV has not been determined. There are many theories related to this unsolved issue, one of which supports CV as a two-stage phenomenon from a pathophysiologic perspective. The first stage consists of inhibition of neuronal nitric oxide synthase by oxyhemoglobin, which results in a decrease of nitric oxide (NO) production. The second stage consists of an increase in the levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine through bilirubin oxidation products (BOXes), which are oxidized by-products of hemoglobin metabolism. These in turn inhibit endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), which results in the blockage of the second NO production mechanism. BOXes are sensitive to visible light, as is their precursor bilirubin. The hypothesis of CV prevention using the photosensitivity of BOXes was tested in this study.

Material and Methods Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtained from two patients with SAH was divided in half and either exposed to a standard dose of visible light or not exposed to any light. The CSF was spectrophotometrically investigated and the concentration of BOXes was measured. A comparison between CSF samples exposed to light and not exposed to light was made. Using two groups of 16 rats each, the vasospastic effect of the CSF exposed and not exposed to light on arteries of the cortical surface was measured. The cortex was exposed using the cranial window.

Results Spectrophotometric analysis revealed that the concentration of BOXes in the CSF decreased significantly after being exposed to visible light (p < 0.001). There was a significant difference of the vasospastic effect of CSF on exposed cortical arteries (p < 0.001).

Conclusion The concentration of BOXes and the vasospastic effect of CSF taken from patients with SAH were significantly reduced after being exposed to visible light if compared with CSF not exposed to light.
Novel (Oral) Anticoagulant Challenges in Surgery
Authors: Blennerhassett Richard , Favaloro Emmanuel , Pasalic Leonardo
Published: June 2017

Non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACs) are a relatively recent therapeutic modality for the prevention of systemic thromboembolic complications of atrial fibrillation and the prevention and management of venous thromboembolic disease. Approved indications for this class of anticoagulants are likely to further expand as the results of ongoing and new clinical trials are published and clinical experience grows. Despite their convenience compared with traditional methods of anticoagulation, there remain a few potential pitfalls associated with their use in the perioperative setting. In particular, there is limited experience and evidence base regarding anticoagulant management in the perioperative setting, especially given the different NOACs available, which in turn are different from the classical anticoagulants. This narrative review synthesizes the recent advances in development of specific NOAC reversal agents and the understanding of the complexities of laboratory measurement of NOAC anticoagulant effects, and aims to provide practicing clinicians with basic evidence-based tools for perioperative management of patients taking NOACs.
Serum Concentration of Growth Differentiation Factor-15 Is Independently Associated with Global Platelet Function and Higher Fibrinogen Values in Adult Healthy Subjects
Authors: Salvagno Gian , Danese Elisa , Brocco Giorgio , Gelati Matteo , Montagnana Martina , Sanchis-Gomar Fabian , Favaloro Emmanuel , Lippi Giuseppe
Published: June 2017

Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) has recently emerged as a strong and independent predictor of cardiovascular events and mortality. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this important association remain speculative. This study was aimed to investigate the potential associations between the serum concentration of GDF-15 and clinical or laboratory parameters in a population of ostensibly healthy subjects. The study population consisted of 44 healthy volunteers enrolled from the laboratory staff (14 males and 30 females; mean age, 47 ± 11 years), who had their blood collected for assessing complete blood cell count, GDF-15, serum creatinine, albumin, cardiac troponin T, galectin-3, routine coagulation tests, D-dimer, von Willebrand factor, and platelet function testing using platelet function analyzer-100. In univariate analysis, serum GDF-15 was found to be positively associated with age and plasma fibrinogen, and negatively associated with renal function and collagen-epinephrine (CEPI). In multiple linear regression analysis, serum GDF-15 remained significantly associated with renal function, CEPI, and plasma fibrinogen. Healthy subjects with GDF-15 above the median value had a twofold probability of displaying shorter CEPI closure times. Taken together, these results suggest that higher serum values of GDF-15 may be associated with overall global platelet hyperactivity and increased plasma fibrinogen, so providing another plausible explanation for the association between GDF-15, cardiovascular events, and mortality.
Multi-institutional Analysis of Surgical Management and Outcomes of Mandibular Fracture Repair in Adults
Authors: Zavlin Dmitry , Jubbal Kevin T. , Echo Anthony , Izaddoost Shayan A. , Friedman Jeffrey D. , Olorunnipa Olushola
Published: June 2017

Mandibular fractures are rare, most commonly occurring in young male patients who present with facial trauma. The etiology, incidence, and presentation vary among previous publications depending on cultural and socioeconomic factors of the region of origin. This multi-institutional study aims to present demographic characteristics, surgical treatment, and clinical outcomes of surgical repair of mandible fractures in the United States. An analysis of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) adult databases of the years 2006 through 2014 was performed identifying 940 patients with an International Classification of Diseases, version 9 (ICD-9) diagnosis of either closed or open fracture of the mandible. Preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative details were categorized and evaluated for these two cohorts. Multivariate analysis was performed to detect risk factors related to any complications. Patients were predominantly male (85.7%), young with a mean age of 34.0 ± 14.8 years, and relatively healthy with body mass index of 23.6 ± 8.2 and an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class of 1 or 2 (84.4%). However, more than half were regular smokers (51.1%). The top five most frequent procedures performed for mandibular repair were exclusively open surgical approaches with internal, external, or interdental fixation in both cohorts. Patients with open fractures were more often admitted as emergencies, treated inpatient, required longer operative times, and presented with more contaminated wounds ( p < 0.05). Overall, medical (1.7%) and surgical complications (3.7%) were low. A high ASA class 3 or above and emergency operations were identified as risk factors for medical adverse events. Despite frequent concomitant injuries after trauma and a diverse array of mandibular injury types, our patient sample demonstrated favorable outcomes and low complication rates. Open surgical techniques were the most common procedures in this study representing the American population.
Malaria in Children: Diagnostic Tools in Resource-Limited Settings
Authors: Jaturas Narong , Mahboob Tooba , Azman Nadiah , Tian-Chye Tan , Nissapatorn Veeranoot
Published: June 2017

Malaria contributes to a major reason for the cause of fatality and serious health problems among children mainly in various parts of tropical Africa and Asia. The extraction of DNA plays a vital role in the diagnosis of this life-threatening parasite Plasmodium. Difficulties with existing extraction methods of DNA are increasing with time including detection limits, time duration, sensitivity, availability of chemicals, and cost. Consequently, there is now renewed interest in finding of novel methods for DNA extraction of Plasmodium. However, the extraction of DNA by using microwave irradiation is found to be most convenient and suitable due to its low-cost and usage of common chemical reagents especially for the children in poor resource settings. In addition, the low cost, noninvasive malaria diagnostics tests are needed to carry out particularly for children to avoid accidental infections which may happen due to drawing blood.
Safeguarding Infant Brains: A Multidisciplinary Challenge—Results of a Survey, Update on Current Scientific Evidence, and Recommendations on How to Deal with Possible Anesthetic Drug Neurotoxicity
Authors: Vlot John , Wijnen Rene , Weber Frank
Published: June 2017

Introduction Potential neurotoxicity of anesthetic drugs has been among the most intensively discussed issue in pediatric anesthesia for more than 10 years. It remains unclear how far this discussion has reached the European pediatric surgical community. Our aim was to investigate the thoughts of pediatric surgeons regarding this topic. In addition, we provide an update on the current scientific evidence regarding neurotoxicity together with recommendations for clinical practice.

Materials and Methods A web-based survey to assess the thoughts of practicing European pediatric surgeons regarding neurotoxicity and how it may have influenced their daily practice of pediatric surgery was launched via the European Pediatric Surgeons' Association Web site.

Results A total of 72 responses could be analyzed. A majority of the respondents were interested in the topic but felt a need to further explore it. Thirty-one respondents have changed their daily practice of pediatric surgery due to potential anesthetic drug toxicity. Eighteen respondents reported to be concerned about neurotoxicity, 29 held a neutral position, and 8 were not concerned. Twenty-seven respondents found it a shared responsibility of the surgeon and the anesthesiologist to deal with the neurotoxicity issue. The majority of respondents found a necessity for further research on anesthetic drug neurotoxicity, assigning the highest priority to prospective longitudinal human studies and the lowest to animal studies.

Conclusion The neurotoxicity question has reached the pediatric surgical community. Currently available scientific data do not support the theory of anesthetic drug-induced neurotoxicity in young children. Recent interdisciplinary clinical research focuses on neurodevelopmental outcome after surgery in neonates and infants. The European Safe Anesthesia For Every Tot initiative suggests focusing on proper conduct of anesthesia in children rather than on possible anesthetic drug neurotoxicity.
Spontaneous Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea: Association with Body Weight and Imaging Data
Authors: Attye Arnaud , Righini Christian , Reyt Emile , Giai Joris , Schmerber Sébastien , Karkas Alexandre , Quatre Raphaële
Published: June 2017

Objective Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea (SCSFR) might be the only clinical manifestation of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), which has been historically related to overweight. Our goal was to search for an association between SCSFR and increased body weight on the one hand and SCSFR and imaging findings suggestive of IIH on the other hand.

Materials and Methods We retrospectively collected clinical and radiological data of patients operated on endoscopically for SCSFR in our institution from 1993 to 2013. Analyzed factors were body mass index (BMI), extended sphenoid sinus pneumatization on computed tomography, and empty sella and distention of the optic nerve sheath on magnetic resonance imaging.

Results There were 15 patients: 8 females/7 males; mean age 50 years. Primary surgical success rate was 86.7%. Regarding body weight, 80% were overweight (BMI ≥ 25) versus 32% in the French general population (p < 0.001). Among patients with SCSFR, 20% were obese (BMI ≥ 30) versus 15% in French individuals without SCSFR (p = 0.483). Increased pneumatization of sphenoid sinuses was observed in 92.9 versus 27.5% in the general population (p < 0.0001). Empty sella was found in 46.2 versus 3% in the general population (p < 0.00001). Dilation of the optic nerve sheath was observed in 46.2 versus 15% in the general population (p < 0.01).

Conclusion We found statistically significant associations between SCSFR and overweight, increased pneumatization of sphenoid sinuses, empty sella, and dilation of optic nerve sheath, but not with obesity, which did not have any additional impact of CSF leak than did overweight.
Role of Hepatectomy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the Era of Transplantation and Locoregional Therapy
Authors: Latchana Nicholas , McQuinn Christopher , Burkhart Richard , Lahey Samantha , Pawlik Timothy
Published: June 2017

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains the most common primary liver neoplasm and is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Therapeutic options are increasing in HCC and now include surgical resection, transplantation, local ablation, directed transarterial therapies, and systemic therapies. Efficacy for each modality varies widely with the chance for cure dictated predominantly by disease biology. Surgical extirpation remains the mainstay of therapy in a curative paradigm. The role of hepatectomy and transplantation, however, has evolved as multidisciplinary management and now integrates other locoregional and systemic therapies. Herein, we review the modern approach to HCC within the context of historical trials. Studies informing a current practice that combine surgery with locoregional therapies are highlighted. A variety of transarterial options are critically examined and selection criteria for use are suggested. Finally, current best-practice guidelines are discussed with updates and practical advice where warranted.
Antientzündliche Mechanismen von Arzneipflanzen
Authors: Kraft Karin
Published: June 2017

Die antientzündliche Wirkung von Arzneipflanzen beruht auf komplexen Interaktionen mit dem Immunsystem. Der Artikel gibt einen kurzen Überblick über die Mechanismen von Entzündungen und fasst Befunde zusammen, die mit Extrakten aus Weidenrinde, Brennnesselblättern und Teufelskrallenwurzel erhoben wurden.
Die alternde Retina im Kontext zerebraler neurodegenerativer Erkrankungen
Authors: Böhm Michael R. R. , Thanos Solon
Published: June 2017

Hintergrund Neurodegenerative (ND) Erkrankungen bilden eine heterogene Gruppe von Affektionen des Nervensystems mit unterschiedlicher Ätiologie, Lokalisation und Verlauf. Am bekanntesten sind aus klinischer und sozioökonomischer Sicht die zerebralen Erkrankungen von Alzheimer (AD) und weiteren Demenzen, weil ihre Prävalenz in der alternden Bevölkerung erheblich hoch ist und weil die ND nicht kausal therapierbar sind. In dieser Übersicht sollen die ND-Erkrankungen aus der ophthalmologischen Sicht und im Bezug zu analogen Erkrankungen der Netzhaut erläutert werden.

Material und Methoden Bezüglich der epidemiologischen Lage wurde die neurologische Bibliografie zu den ND berücksichtigt. Hinzu kommen ophthalmologische Daten zu retinaassoziierten ND insbesondere im Alter. Letztlich wird die eigene Datenlage bez. gemeinsamer zellulärer und molekularer Biomarker für sowohl retinales als auch zerebrales Altern herangezogen.

Ergebnisse Die Alzheimererkrankung ist aus neurologischer Sicht die häufigste ND-Erkrankung mit steigender Prävalenz. Die altersbedingte Makuladegeneration (AMD) und das Glaukom sind die häufigsten retinalen ND mit ebenfalls steigender Prävalenz. Sowohl im Gehirn als auch in der Retina gehen Neuronen irreversibel zugrunde und es treten gliale, mikrogliale, extrazelluläre und vaskuläre Reaktionen hinzu, die entweder als Atrophien mit Plaquebildungen (AD) oder als Drusen mit späterer ödematöser Transformation mit Makulaneoangiogenese (AMD) oder als Optikusdegeneration (OD) imponieren. Auf zellulärer Ebene ist die strukturelle und funktionelle Irreversibilität allen gemeinsam, wobei die Therapie sich palliativ zur Erhaltung vorhandener Restfunktion gestaltet. Gezielte präventive Behandlungen sind noch nicht hinreichend identifiziert worden. Es sind auf molekularer Ebene gemeinsame Marker analysiert worden, um das Verständnis dieser Degenerationen zu vertiefen und gezieltere Behandlungsmöglichkeiten aufzuzeigen.

Schlussfolgerung Im Vergleich entspricht die zerebrale AD eher der retinalen AMD, die zerebrale allgemeine Demenz der allgemeinen Sehvermögenseinschränkung im Alter und die Optikusdegeneration der retrookulären kompressionsbedingten zerebralen Atrophie. Gemeinsame Aspekte sind vorhanden und werden diskutiert.
Lena Feldhaus und Bianca Adriana Dreghin – Eine junge Kultur verschafft sich Gehör
Authors: Meyer Heike
Published: June 2017

Gehörlose Menschen gelten in der Gesellschaft häufig als behindert. Ihre Interessenvertreter plädieren jedoch dafür, sie anstatt einer Behinderung vielmehr einer Kultur oder sprachlichen Minderheit zuzuordnen. Die Ergotherapeutinnen Bianca Adriana Dreghin und Lena Feldhaus analysierten in ihrer Bachelorarbeit, welche kulturspezifischen identitätsstiftenden Betätigungen Gehörlose ausüben.
Ambulant Betreutes Wohnen (ABW) – My home is my castle
Authors: Gruber Susanne , Kaldewei Nicole
Published: June 2017

Leben in den eigenen vier Wänden – das ist nicht für jeden Menschen einfach möglich. Gerade psychisch kranken Menschen fällt es nach akuter Krankheitsphase oder bei einem chronischen Verlauf oft schwer, ihr Leben in der Wohnung zu organisieren oder sich selbstständig im Haushalt zu versorgen. In diesen Fällen kann das Ambulant Betreute Wohnen helfen.
Verbesserung der Phakotip-Geometrie bei der torsionalen Ultraschallphakoemulsifikation
Authors: Vetter Jan , Wirbelauer Christopher
Published: June 2017

Hintergrund Besonders harte Linsen stellen immer wieder eine Herausforderung bei der Phakoemulsifikation dar. In dieser prospektiven klinischen Untersuchung wurde eine Verbesserung der Phakotip-Geometrie bei der torsionalen Phakoemulsifikation bei fortgeschrittener Katarakt überprüft.

Patienten 100 Patienten mit einer mittleren bis harten Linsentrübung wurden 2 Gruppen zugeteilt. In Gruppe 1 (n = 50) wurde bei der Phakoemulsifikation der Kelman®-Phakotip (Alcon) verwendet, während in Gruppe 2 (n = 50) eine modifizierte Handstückgeometrie (Intrepid® Balanced Tipp, Alcon) eingesetzt wurde. In beiden Gruppen wurde die Kapsel bei Bedarf mit Trypanblau angefärbt. Verglichen wurden die Energiebilanz (in s%; englisch: cumulative dissipated energy), die präoperative Sehkraft und mögliche Komplikationen.

Ergebnisse Der präoperative Visus lag in der Kelman-Tipp-Gruppe bei 0,11 ± 0,16 (Dezimal; Mittelwert ± Standardabweichung) und in der Intrepid-Balanced-Tipp-Gruppe bei 0,10 ± 0,14 (p > 0,05). Die Energiebilanz war in der Kelman-Tipp-Gruppe mit durchschnittlich 43,38 ± 21,84 s% höher als in der Intrepid-Balanced-Tipp-Gruppe, in der im Mittel 21,55 ± 13,25 s% gemessen wurden. Dieser Unterschied war signifikant zwischen den Gruppen (p < 0,001). Der intraoperative Verlauf gestaltete sich komplikationslos, es kam zu keiner Kapselruptur oder kornealen Verbrennungen.

Schlussfolgerung Die Verbesserung der Handstückgeometrie mit dem Intrepid Balanced Tipp ermöglichte eine deutliche Verringerung der eingesetzten Phakoemulsifikationsenergie. Dies ist bei fortgeschrittenen Linsentrübungen besonders vorteilhaft.
Impact of the Triglyceride/High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio and the Hypertriglyceremic-Waist Phenotype to Predict the Metabolic Syndrome and Insulin Resistance
Authors: von Bibra Helene , Saha Sarama , Hapfelmeier Alexander , Müller Gabriele , Schwarz Peter
Published: June 2017

Insulin resistance is the underlying mechanism for the metabolic syndrome and associated dyslipidaemia that theoretically implies a practical tool for identifying individuals at risk for cardiovascular disease and type-2-diabetes. Another screening tool is the hypertriglyceremic-waist phenotype (HTW). There is important impact of the ethnic background but a lack of studied European populations for the association of the triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio and insulin resistance. This observational, retrospective study evaluated lipid ratios and the HTW for predicting the metabolic syndrome/insulin resistance in 1932 non-diabetic individuals from Germany in the fasting state and during a glucose tolerance test. The relations of triglyceride/HDL-C, total-cholesterol/HDL-C, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol/HDL-C with 5 surrogate estimates of insulin resistance/sensitivity and metabolic syndrome were analysed by linear regression analysis and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) in participants with normal (n=1 333) or impaired fasting glucose (n=599), also for the impact of gender. Within the lipid ratios, triglyceride/HDL-C had the strongest associations with insulin resistance/sensitivity markers. In the prediction of metabolic syndrome, diagnostic accuracy was good for triglyceride/HDL-C (area under the ROC curve 0.817) with optimal cut-off points (in mg/dl units) of 2.8 for men (80% sensitivity, 71% specificity) and 1.9 for women (80% sensitivity, 75% specificity) and fair for HTW and HOMA-IR (area under the curve 0.773 and 0.761). These data suggest the triglyceride/HDL-C ratio as a physiologically relevant and practical index for predicting the concomitant presence of metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia for therapeutic and preventive care in apparently healthy European populations.
Makulaödem bei Uveitis – Steroide oder VEGF-Inhibitoren?
Authors: Heinz Carsten , Heiligenhaus Arnd
Published: June 2017

Das Makulaödem ist eine der häufigsten zu einer dauerhaften und irreversiblen Reduktion des Sehvermögens führende Komplikation im Krankheitsverlauf einer Uveitis. Durch die optische Kohärenztomografietechnologie (OCT-Technologie) und die Fluoreszenzangiografie (FAG) kann das Makulaödem häufiger detektiert werden. Makulaödeme finden sich in unterschiedlichsten morphologischen Variationen auch bei Uveitisaugen und können bei jeder Form der Uveitis auftreten. Nachfolgend muss dann auch konsequent behandelt werden. Während Makulaödeme bei aktiver Inflammation meist sehr gut auf eine entzündungshemmende systemische Therapie reagieren, trifft dies für Makulaödeme bei klinisch reizfreien Augen häufig nicht zu. Nach den aktuellen Behandlungsempfehlungen sollten Dexamethasonimplantate, die sowohl die aktive Inflammation als auch das Makulaödem reduzieren, als 1. intravitreale Therapie genutzt werden. An 2. Stelle kommen Vascular-endothelial-Growth-Factor-Inhibitoren (VEGF-Inhibitoren) zum Einsatz. Bei der Wahl des Therapeutikums sind neben dem Entzündungsgrad auch die bisherigen Komplikationen, wie ein Glaukom, und auch die Komplikationsrate der gewählten Therapie, wie Augeninnendrucksteigerung und Kataraktinduktion, zu beachten, sodass bei Vorliegen entsprechender Kontraindikationen VEGF-Inhibitoren auch das Therapeutikum der ersten Wahl sein können. Mit beiden intravitrealen Wirkstoffgruppen kann eine Besserung des Makulaödems erzielt werden.
Fusionsprototyp aus einem Standard-Mammografiegerät und einem Standard-3-D-Ultraschallkopf: erste Ergebnisse
Authors: Schulz-Wendtland Rüdiger , Jud Sebastian , Fasching Peter , Hartmann Arndt , Radicke Marcus , Rauh Claudia , Uder Michael , Wunderle Marius , Gass Paul , Langemann Hanna , Beckmann Matthias , Emons Julius
Published: June 2017

Ziel Die Kombination verschiedener bildgebender Verfahren in Fusionsmaschinen verspricht, eine deutliche Verbesserung der Brustdiagnostik mit sich zu bringen. Hier wollen wir die Bildqualität und die klinische Anwendbarkeit eines Fusionsprototypen aus einem Standard-Mammografie/Tomosynthese-Gerät und einem Standard-3-D-Ultraschallkopf unter Zuhilfenahme einer neuen Methode der Brustkomprimierung evaluieren.

Material und Methoden Für die Untersuchung an 5 Mastektomiepräparaten von Patientinnen mit histologisch gesichertem DCIS oder invasivem Mammakarzinom (BI-RADS™ 6) wurde an einem präklinischen Fusionsprototyp ein Ultraschallkopf eines ABVS-Systems aus einem Acuson S2000 in einen MAMMOMAT Inspiration (beide Siemens Healthcare GmbH) unter Zuhilfenahme einer neu entwickelten Kompressionsplatte integriert und digitale Mammografien und 3-D-Bilder per automatisiertem Ultraschall aufgenommen.

Ergebnisse Die durch den Fusionsprototyp aufgenommenen digitalen Mammografien sind von vergleichbarer Qualität wie unter herkömmlicher Kompression entstandene Aufnahmen. Die neu entwickelte Kompressionsplatte hat keinen Einfluss auf die applizierte Röntgendosis. Der personelle und zeitliche Aufwand für die Mammografie unterscheidet sich nicht zur herkömmlichen Mammografie. Die Fusion aus Mammografie und Ultraschall lässt sich technisch umsetzen.

Schlussfolgerung Die Fusion eines automatisierten 3-D-Ultraschallgeräts mit einem Standard-Mammografiegerät liefert an unseren wenigen Mastektomiepräparaten Mammografieaufnahmen von vergleichbarer Qualität. Darüber hinaus ermöglicht das Gerät den simultanen Ultraschall als 2. Bildmodalität der komplementären Mammadiagnostik ohne einen signifikanten Zeit- und zusätzlichen Untersucheraufwand.
Inhibition of Human Cancer Cell Growth by Analogues of Antimycin A
Authors: Zhang Yanmin , Chevalier Arnaud , Khdour Omar , Soto Larisa , Hecht Sidney
Published: June 2017

In a recent study, several new derivatives of antimycin A (AMA) were produced by means of a novel transacylation reaction, and these were shown to mediate selective toxicity toward cultured A549 human lung epithelial adenocarcinoma cells, as compared with WI-38 normal human lung fibroblasts. The purpose of our study was to investigate whether the analogues all expressed their cytotoxicity by the same mechanism. This was done by studying the effects of the compounds in several types of cell lines. In comparison with 2-O-methylantimycin, which acts at the locus of Bcl-2, none of the new derivatives exhibited a difference in cytotoxicity toward cells expressing different levels of Bcl-2. In cell lines that over- or underexpress estrogen or Her2 receptors, AMA analogue 2 exhibited Her2 receptor dependency at low concentration. Three compounds (1, 4, and 6) exhibited concentration-dependent increases in reactive oxygen species, with 6 being especially potent. Compounds 5 and 6 diminished mitochondrial membrane potential more potently than AMA, and 1 also displayed enhanced activity relative to 2–4. Interestingly, only 1 and AMA displayed strong inhibition of the respiratory chain, as measured by monitoring NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) oxidase. Because four of the analogues have positively charged substituents, two of these (4 and 6) were studied to see whether the observed effects were due to much higher level of accumulation within the mitochondria. Their presence in the mitochondria was not dramatically enhanced. Neither of the two presently characterized mechanisms of cell killing by AMA can fully account for the observed results.
Engineered core-shell nanofibers for electron transport study in dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Shabdan Y. , Ronasi A. , Coulibaly P. , Moniruddin M. , Nuraje N.
Published: June 2017

In this study, a unique approach was developed to synthesize 1-D core-shell nanofibers of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and TiO2 using combination of coaxial electrospinning and sol-gel technique. Diameters of the fabricated core-shell single wall carbon nanotube-TiO2 (SWCNT-TiO2) and multi wall carbon nanotube-TiO2 (MWCNT-TiO2) nano-composite fibers were between 50-100nm. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray photon spectroscopy (XPS) were applied to confirm encapsulation of carbon nanotube (CNT) in the core-shell structure. Electron transport properties of both SWCNT-TiO2 and MWCNT-TiO2 in the Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were studied for the first time. It was found that SWCNT-TiO2 based DSSC provided higher short circuit current relative to MWCNT-TiO2, which was explained by I-V and bode plots. These findings were further illustrated by semi-conductive properties of SWCNT.
Modeling super-resolution SERS using a T-matrix method to elucidate molecule-nanoparticle coupling and the origins of localization errors
Authors: Heaps Charles W. , Schatz George C.
Published: June 2017

A computational method to model diffraction-limited images from super-resolution surface-enhanced Raman scattering microscopy is introduced. Despite significant experimental progress in plasmon-based super-resolution imaging, theoretical predictions of the diffraction limited images remain a challenge. The method is used to calculate localization errors and image intensities for a single spherical gold nanoparticle-molecule system. The light scattering is calculated using a modification of generalized Mie (T-matrix) theory with a point dipole source and diffraction limited images are calculated using vectorial diffraction theory. The calculation produces the multipole expansion for each emitter and the coherent superposition of all fields. Imaging the constituent fields in addition to the total field provides new insight into the strong coupling between the molecule and the nanoparticle. Regardless of whether the molecular dipole moment is oriented parallel or perpendicular to the nanoparticle surface, the anisotropic excitation distorts the center of the nanoparticle as measured by the point spread function by approximately fifty percent of the particle radius toward to the molecule. Inspection of the nanoparticle multipoles reveals that distortion arises from a weak quadrupole resonance interfering with the dipole field in the nanoparticle. When the nanoparticle-molecule fields are in-phase, the distorted nanoparticle field dominates the observed image. When out-of-phase, the nanoparticle and molecule are of comparable intensity and interference between the two emitters dominates the observed image. The method is also applied to different wavelengths and particle radii. At off-resonant wavelengths, the method predicts images closer to the molecule not because of relative intensities but because of greater distortion in the nanoparticle. The method is a promising approach to improving the understanding of plasmon-enhanced super-resolution experiments.
Continuum balances from extended Hamiltonian dynamics
Authors: Giusteri Giulio G. , Podio-Guidugli Paolo , Fried Eliot
Published: June 2017

The classical procedure devised by Irving and Kirkwood in 1950 and completed slightly later by Noll produces counterparts of the basic balance laws of standard continuum mechanics starting from an ordinary Hamiltonian description of the dynamics of a system of material points. Post-1980 molecular dynamics simulations of the time evolution of such systems use extended Hamiltonians such as those introduced by Andersen, Nosé, and Parrinello and Rahman. The additional terms present in these extensions affect the statistical properties of the system so as to capture certain target phenomenologies that would otherwise be beyond reach. We here propose a physically consistent application of the Irving–Kirkwood–Noll procedure to the extended Hamiltonian systems of material points. Our procedure produces balance equations at the continuum level featuring non-standard terms because the presence of auxiliary degrees of freedom gives rise to additional fluxes and sources that influence the thermodynamic and transport properties of the continuum model. Being aware of the additional contributions may prove crucial when designing multiscale computational schemes in which information is exchanged between the atomistic and continuum levels.
A gyro-stabilized platform leveling loop for marine gravimeter
Authors: Wu P. F. , Liu L. T. , Wang L. , Wang Y. , Zhong M. , Zhou Z. B. , Zou Z.
Published: June 2017

An ultra-low-frequency platform leveling loop based on a mixed sensitivity H∞ approach, which considers both the system bandwidth and response speed, was designed and applied to a prototype, two-axis gyro-stabilized platform marine gravimeter CHZ-II. The instrument was developed for regional surveys in deep ocean areas where high-resolution gravity measurements with accuracy 1 mGal are required. Horizontal accelerations in the surge and sway directions are suppressed about 60 dB in the frequency range 0.05 to 0.5 Hz. This typically improves the quality of the gravity data before any processing corrections. The time required for stabilizing the platform at the beginning of a survey line or course change is about 3 min, which improves the data collection efficiency. In May 2015, the first test was conducted in open sea conditions aboard the Chinese State Oceanic Administration’s R/V Xiangyanghong 10. Sixteen traverses were run in the South China Sea to evaluate the loop performance. Platform motion tracks and gravity data from the survey were of satisfactory quality. According to analyses of 16 sets of calculated errors, the root mean square repeatability of the pitch and roll off-level angles were less than 10 and 20 arc sec, respectively, with a horizontal acceleration of about 50 Gal. Errors derived from the inability of the platform to maintain perfect sensor leveling during the survey cruise were less than 0.3 mGal.
Order of multiphoton excitation of sulfonium photo-acid generators used in photoresists based on SU-8
Authors: Williams Henry E. , Diaz Carlos , Padilla Gabriel , Hernandez Florencio E. , Kuebler Stephen M.
Published: June 2017

Multiphoton lithography (MPL), Z-scan spectroscopy, and quantum chemical calculations were employed to investigate the order of multiphoton excitation that occurs when femtosecond laser pulses are used to excite two sulfonium photo-acid generators (PAGs) commonly used in photoresists based on the cross-linkable epoxide SU-8. The mole-fractions of the mono- and bis-sulfonium forms of these PAGs were determined for the commercially available photoresist SU-8 2075 and for the PAGs alone from a separate source. Both were found to contain similar fractions of the mono- and bis-forms, with the mono form present in the majority. Reichert's method was used to determine the solvatochromic strength of the SU-8 matrix, so that results obtained for the PAGs in SU-8 and in solution could be reliably compared. The PAGs were found to exhibit a minimal solvatochromic shift for a series of solvents that span across the solvatochromic strength of SU-8 itself. Sub-micron-sized features were fabricated in SU-8 2075 by MPL using amplified and continuous-wave mode-locked laser pulses. Analysis of the features as a function of average laser power, scan speed, and excitation wavelength shows that the PAGs can be activated by both two- and three-photon absorption (2PA and 3PA). Which activation mode dominates depends principally upon the excitation wavelength because the average laser powers that can be used with the photoresist are limited by practical considerations. The power must be high enough to effect sufficient cross-linking, yet not so high as to exceed the damage threshold of the material. When the laser pulses have a duration on the order of 100 fs, 3PA dominates at wavelengths near 800 nm, whereas 2PA becomes dominant at wavelengths below 700 nm. These findings are corroborated by open-aperture Z-scan measurements and quantum chemical calculations of the cross-sections for 2PA and 3PA as a function of wavelength.
FCC-HCP coexistence in dense thermo-responsive microgel crystals
Authors: Karthickeyan D. , Joshi R. G. , Tata B. V. R.
Published: June 2017

Analogous to hard-sphere suspensions, monodisperse thermo-responsive poly (N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM) microgel particles beyond a volume fraction (ϕ) of 0.5 freeze into face centered cubic (FCC)–hexagonal close packed (HCP) coexistence under as prepared conditions and into an FCC structure upon annealing. We report here FCC-HCP coexistence to be stable in dense PNIPAM microgel crystals (ϕ > 0.74) with particles in their deswollen state (referred to as osmotically compressed microgel crystals) and the FCC structure with particles in their swollen state by performing annealing studies with different cooling rates. The structure of PNIPAM microgel crystals is characterized using static light scattering technique and UV-Visible spectroscopy and dynamics by dynamic light scattering (DLS). DLS studies reveal that the particle motion is diffusive at short times in crystals with ϕ < 0.74 and sub-diffusive at short times in PNIPAM crystals with ϕ > 0.74. The observed sub-diffusive behavior at short times is due to the overlap (interpenetration) of the dangling polymer chains between the shells of neighbouring PNIPAM microgel particles. Overlap is found to disappear upon heating the crystals well above their melting temperature, Tm due to reduction in the particle size. Annealing studies confirm that the overlap of dangling polymer chains between the shells of neighbouring PNIPAM spheres is responsible for the stability of FCC-HCP coexistence observed in osmotically compressed PNIPAM microgel crystals. Results are discussed in the light of recent reports of stabilizing the HCP structure in hard sphere crystals by adding interacting polymer chains.
An investigation on internal waves generated by towed models under a strong halocline
Authors: Wang H. , Chen K. , You Y.
Published: June 2017

Experiments are performed for the characteristics of internal waves generated by four horizontally towed models, including a sphere and three slender models with different aspect ratios in a density stratified fluid with a strong halocline. The Reynolds number ranges within 3500 < Re = UD/ν < 126 000, and the Froude number ranges within 0.4 < Fr = U/NmaxD < 18. Based on the time histories of the density perturbation and analysis of the correlation velocity of internal waves generated by the towed models, it is shown that the body-generated waves are stationary multiple-mode Lee waves, while the wake-generated waves are non-stationary wake waves mainly produced by the large-scale coherent structure in turbulent wakes acting as a moving excitation source. The transition between body-generated and wake-generated internal waves occurs at a critical Froude number Frc which is linearly dependent on the model aspect ratio. Before the transition, when the wave height H changes with the variation of Fr, a peak value of H can be observed and its corresponding Froude number Frp increases linearly with growing aspect ratio. After the transition, the Froude number Friw associated with the internal wave correlation velocity fluctuates within a certain range. The wave height linearly increases with increasing Fr regardless of the aspect ratios, and the wave pattern is dominated by a non-stationary wake-generated wave. According to the experimental configuration, a theoretical model is proposed to simulate the body-generated and wake-generated internal waves. The numerical results obtained by this theoretical model show general agreement with the experiments.
Propagation and interaction of two soliton in a quantum semiconductor plasma with exchange correlation effects
Authors: Choudhury Sourav , Das Tushar Kanti , Ghorui Malay Kr. , Chatterjee Prasanta
Published: June 2017

Collisions of solitary pulses in a four species quantum semiconductor plasma consisting of degenerate electrons, degenerate holes, and non-degenerate ions are investigated. The electron and hole exchange-correlation forces between the identical particles when their wave functions overlap due to the high number densities are considered. Using the extended Poincarê–Lighthill-Kue method in opposite directions, two Korteweg-de Vries equations are derived. Hirota's method is used to derive the analytical phase shifts after the collision of one soliton and two soliton. Typical values for GaAs, GaSb, GaN, and InP semiconductors are considered to analyze the effects after collisions.
Symmetry breaking and spectral considerations of the surprisingly floppy c-C3H radical and the related dipole-bound excited state of c-C3H−
Authors: Bassett Matthew K. , Fortenberry Ryan C.
Published: June 2017

The C3H radical is believed to be prevalent throughout the interstellar medium and may be involved in the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. C3H exists as both a linear and a cyclic isomer. The C2v cyclopropenylidenyl radical isomer was detected in the dark molecular cloud TMC-1, and the linear propenylidenyl radical isomer has been observed in various dark molecular clouds. Even though the c-C3H radical has been classified rotationally, the vibrational frequencies of this seemingly important interstellar molecule have never been directly observed. Established, highly accurate quartic force field methodologies are employed here to compute useful geometrical data, spectroscopic constants, and vibrational frequencies. The computed rotational constants are consistent with the experimental results. Consequently, the three a1 (ν1, ν2, and ν3) and one b1 (ν6) anharmonic vibrational frequencies at 3117.7 cm−1, 1564.3 cm−1, 1198.5 cm−1, and 826.7 cm−1, respectively, are reliable predictions for these, as of yet unseen, observables. Unfortunately, the two b2 fundamentals (ν4 and ν5) cannot be treated adequately in the current approach due to a flat and possible double-well potential described in detail herein. The dipole-bound excited state of the anion suffers from the same issues and may not even be bound. However, the trusted fundamental vibrational frequencies described for the neutral radical should not be affected by this deformity and are the first robustly produced for c-C3H. The insights gained here will also be applicable to other structures containing three-membered bare and exposed carbon rings that are surprisingly floppy in nature.
A micromachined piezoelectric microgripper for manipulation of micro/nanomaterials
Authors: Shi Huaduo , Shi Weiliang , Zhang Ran , Zhai Junyi , Chu Jinkui , Dong Shuxiang
Published: June 2017

Micro/nanomaterials and devices have attracted great interest in recent years because of their extensive application prospects in almost all kinds of fields. However, the manipulations of the material at the micro/nanoscale, such as the separation or transfer of a micro/nano-object in the process of assembling micro/nanodevices, are quite difficult. In this paper, we present a micromachined micro-gripper made of photoresist material (SU-8) and driven by piezoelectric Pb(Mg,Nb)O3–PbTiO3 single crystal pieces. In order to keep two grasping jaws of the micro-gripper operating in the same plane at the micro/nanometer scale, a fine circular flexure hinge was fabricated for elastically connecting them together. After introducing the interface effect, the relationship between the opening stroke of two jaws and the applied voltage was developed and then confirmed by finite element simulation. The micro-gripper was finally installed on a six degree of freedom stage for performing a pick-up, release, and transfer manipulation of a 2 μm ZnO micro-fiber. The presented piezoelectric micro-gripper shows a great potential for the precise manipulation of a single piece of micro/nanomaterial for micro/nanodevices’ assembling.