bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] stress in roots of Cr-tolerant and Cr-sensitive barley cultivars
Authors: Yildiz M. , Terzi H.
Published: April 2012

The effect of different chromium [Cr(VI)] concentrations (0, 75, 150 and 225 μM) on dehydrogenase activity, total soluble protein, proline, malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant enzymes was investigated in the roots of two barley cultivars (Cr-tolerant Zeynelağa and Cr-sensitive Orza-96) in hydroponic experiments. The root dehydrogenase activity and protein content decreased with an increase in the Cr(VI) concentration, but no significant difference was found between the two barley cultivars. Cr(VI) stress increased the contents of proline and MDA in both cultivars, but this effect was more pronounced in Orza-96 than in Zeynelağa. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and guaiacol peroxidase (POD), exhibited changes. The SOD activity increased in Zeynelağa and decreased in Orza-96 at 225 μM Cr(VI) compared to their controls. Cr(VI) stress decreased the APX and POD activities. Zeynelağa had greater APX activity than Orza-96 at 150 and 225 μM Cr(VI). However, there was no marked difference in POD activities between the two cultivars. The decrease in root dehydrogenase activity and protein content, the increase in proline and lipid peroxidation, and the alterations in the activities of antioxidant enzymes may be indicative of oxidative stress induced by Cr(VI).
Distribution of bacterial contamination in a teaching hospital in Tehran — A special focus on Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Mirzaii Mehdi , Emaneini Mohammad , Maleknejad Parviz , Jonaidi Nematollah , Fooladi Abbas , Aligholi Marzieh , Jabalameli Fereshteh , Halimi Shahnaz , Taherikalani Morovat , Kasaeian Amir
Published: April 2012

There are documents that confirm the cycle of bacterial transmission between patients, staff, and the inanimate environment. The environment may have more effect on intensive care units (ICUs), because the patients who require intensive care have unstable clinical conditions and are more sensitive to infections. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of bacteria in air and inanimate surface in the ICUs and to compare the microbial levels to standard levels.Air and inanimate surface in the four ICUs of a teaching hospital underwent weekly surveillance by means of air sampler and swabs for a period of six-month. Total bacterial counts were evaluated onto trypticase soy agar and mannitol salt agar (MSA).A total of 725 samples [air (168) and inanimate surfaces (557)] were collected. The total mean ± SD CFU/m3 of airborne bacteria in all of the ICUs were 115.93 ± 48.04. The most common bacteria in air of the ICUs were Gram-positive cocci (84.2%). The total mean ± SD airborne of Staphylococcus aureus was 12.10±8.11 CFU/m3. The highest levels of S. aureus contamination were found in ventilators and bed ledges. More suitable disinfection of hospital environments and monthly rotation in utilization of the various disinfectant agents are needed for the prevention of airborne and inanimate transmission of S. aureus.
Serum level of specific IgG antibody for Aspergillus and its association with severity of asthma in asthmatic children
Authors: Khanbabaee Ghamartaj , Enayat Javad , Chavoshzadeh Zahra , Tabatabaei Seyed , Gorji Fatemeh , Rezaei Nima
Published: April 2012

Aspergillosis is one of the frequent causes of exacerbation of asthma depending on the geographical regions. The specific serum IgG level for aspergillus is a major diagnostic criterion in aspergillosis.Ninety-six asthmatic patients, with mean age of 5.4 ± 3.0 years who were referred to the asthma clinic of the Mofid Children’s Hospital, were enrolled in this study. Serum specific IgG for aspergillus was measured and its association with severity of asthma was evaluated.Nineteen asthmatic patients (10 females and 9 males) had aspergillus IgG antibody. Among them, severe persistent asthma and moderate persistent asthma were detected in 5 and 13 cases, respectively, whereas only one patient suffered from mildpersistent asthma. A total of 36.5% of the 96 patients had a history of atopy, while 26% had allergic rhinitis. There was an association between the severity of asthma and the presence of aspergillus IgG antibody. Moreover, the positivity for aspergillus IgG antibody was higher in older patients.Our results indicated an association between aspergillus antibody level and severity of asthma. It could be recommended that the IgG titer for aspergillus is measured in pediatric patients with asthma, whereas co-morbidity of aspergillosis and asthma increases the risk of asthma exacerbation.
P-N Junction Formation in Electron-beam Irradiated Graphene Step
Authors: Wang Xiaomu , Wang Chengliang , Xu Jian-Bin
Published: April 2012

We show that graphene mono-/bilayer step operates as an abrupt p-n (p-p+) junction. Due to the thickness-dependent oxidation effect, the uniform channel can be adjusted to spatially asymmetrical junction by means of electron beam irradiation. The lithography-free process on OTMS modified substrate possesses the merit of clean surface and high performance. This conveniently fabricated graphene step device opens an opportunity to study the intrinsic interface across a well defined junction.
Influence of OVPD parameters on the performance of organic solar cells utilizing pentacene/PTCDI absorption layers
Authors: Axmann S. , Brast M. , Wilck N. , Windgassen H. , Heuken M. , Kalisch H. , Vescan A.
Published: April 2012

As global energy demand is steadily growing, renewable energy generation by solar cells is becoming increasingly important. The use of mono- and polycrystalline silicon solar cells, which nowadays dominate the market, is limited by wafer size, rigidness of substrates and the requirement of large energy amounts for manufacturing. Organic solar cells (OSC) have the potential to overcome these limitations; especially organic vapor phase deposition (OVPD) technology offers the possibility of reproducible, large-scale production at low temperatures and on flexible substrates.

We report on planar heterojunction OSC utilizing an active layer of pentacene/N, N’- ditridecylperylene-3, 4, 9, 10-tetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI) fabricated by an Aixtron Gen-1 OVPD tool. The influence of substrate temperature was studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM) on single layers and bilayers. In addition electrical characterization with and without illumination of fully processed solar cells which utilize different cathode layers was carried out.

AFM images indicate that crystallization of pentacene layers can be widely influenced by substrate temperature, a PTCDI-C13H27 layer atop of these covers the crystallites. Open-circuit voltage was found to be 0.47 V and short-circuit current densities beyond 0.8 mA/cm2 were measured under a spectrum close to AM 1.5 with 100 mW/cm2. Fill factors were determined to be as high as 44 %.
All-polymer bulk heterojunction solar cells with high fill factors based on blends of poly-3-hexylthiophene: poly(perylene diimide-alt-terthiophene)
Authors: Kotowski Dariusz , Kozma Erika , Catellani Marinella , Luzzati Silvia
Published: April 2012

The photovoltaic characteristics of all polymer bulk heterojunction solar cells made of P3HT and a perylene diimide-based copolymer (PEK3) have been studied. Thermal annealing is needed to improve the performances. Annealing optimization induces an enhancement of the power conversion efficiency from 0.06 to 1%, Jsc from 0.24 to 2.9 mA/cm2 and FF from 0.32 to 0.59. The origin of such improvements has been investigated by studying the P3HT:PEK3 blend morphology, by means of absorption and emission spectroscopy and charge transport, from single carrier measurements on P3HT:PEK3 diodes. Upon annealing we have observed an increase in phase segregation and a 100-fold enhancement of the hole and electron mobilities, that favor the dissociation of bound electron-hole pairs and their transport to the electrodes. This explains the high FF of the annealed P3HT:PEK3 solar cell.
Indicadores comportamentais de propensão ao homicídio em agressores sexuais
Authors: Costa Christian da Silva , Mello Marcelo Feijó de
Published: April 2012

OBJETIVO: Avaliamos se existe associação entre características de personalidade e tipo de estupro cometido (com ou sem a morte da vítima). MÉTODOS: Como estratégias de estudo, utilizaram-se indicadores comportamentais que podem ser associados à personalidade antissocial, de modo a diferenciar os comportamentos externalizantes de agressores sexuais que matam ou não suas vítimas. RESULTADOS: Os agressores sexuais apresentaram comportamentos externalizantes relacionados à personalidade antissocial. O grupo de indivíduos que cometeu estupro seguido de morte tem esses traços comportamentais mais presentes no decorrer da vida. CONCLUSÃO: Concluímos que os agressores sexuais aparentam ter indicadores que permitem uma investigação mais profunda em relação à personalidade antissocial, mas aqueles que matam suas vítimas diferem quanto ao seu histórico comportamental daqueles que não cometem o homicídio subsequente ao ato de estupro. São indicadores comportamentais da propensão ao homicídio em agressores sexuais: estarem, mais comumente, sob os efeitos de álcool/drogas durante o ato de estupro, propensão ao suicídio, prematuridade de início da vida criminosa e alta impulsividade.
Uso do procedimento de bissecção temporal na avaliação de idosos com doença de Alzheimer: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Andreatto Carla Andreza Almeida , Reyes Marcelo Bussotti , Corazza Danilla Icassatti , Pedroso Renata Valle , Coelho Flávia Gomes de Melo , Gobbi Sebastião , Santos-Galduróz Ruth Ferreira
Published: April 2012

OBJETIVO: Realizar revisão sistemática de artigos que utilizaram o método de bissecção, para avaliar a percepção de tempo em idosos com doença de Alzheimer e analisar seus parâmetros. MÉTODO: As buscas dos artigos foram conduzidas no período de março a maio de 2011, nas seguintes bases de dados: Web of Science, Science Direct on Line, Biological Abstracts, PsychoInfo e Medline. As palavras-chave e operadores booleanos foram: "interval timing" ou "perception of time" ou "time discrimination" ou "reproduction of time" e "Alzheimer's disease". Também foram realizadas buscas manuais nas referências dos artigos selecionados. RESULTADOS: Quatro artigos contemplavam todos os critérios de inclusão, nos quais foram encontradas grandes variações nos parâmetros utilizados no método. CONCLUSÃO: Pacientes com doença de Alzheimer apresentam prejuízos nas tarefas de bissecção de tempo, que podem ser explicados pelo declínio gradual nas habilidades que são utilizadas no teste de percepção de tempo. Há grandes variações nos intervalos de tempo utilizados. Neste contexto, há necessidade de mais estudos, controlados e randomizados, para investigar potenciais efeitos das variações nos intervalos de tempo do método de bissecção. Os resultados de tais estudos poderão contribuir para o estabelecimento de parâmetros mais adequados e fidedignos.
Acatisia associada à bromoprida em um paciente deprimido usando fluvoxamina
Authors: Tomelin Tábita Juliana , Tonelli Hélio Anderson
Published: April 2012

CONTEXTO: A acatisia é definida clinicamente como uma sensação de agitação associada à necessidade de produção de movimentos, comumente deflagrada por bloqueadores dopaminérgicos, como os neurolépticos, podendo ocorrer também durante o tratamento com inibidores seletivos de recaptação de serotonina. É possível que drogas não psiquiátricas que bloqueiem receptores dopaminérgicos, como a bromoprida, possam causar sintomas extrapiramidais. OBJETIVOS: Descrever um desfecho desfavorável caracterizado por acatisia em um paciente depressivo previamente estabilizado com fluvoxamina, após usar bromoprida. MÉTODOS: Descrição de um caso. RESULTADOS: Sr. J., paciente deprimido de 47 anos, estava estabilizado com fluvoxamina 200 mg por dia. Iniciou abruptamente com quadro de inquietação e necessidade de produzir movimentos voluntariamente a fim de aliviar esse desconforto. Há quatro dias havia iniciado o uso de bromoprida 30 mg por dia para tratamento de dispepsia. A suspensão da bromoprida promoveu alívio imediato dos sintomas. CONCLUSÃO: A bromoprida, um bloqueador dopaminérgico, pode ter deflagrado acatisia em um paciente em uso de fluvoxamina. Os mecanismos farmacológicos relacionados a esse desfecho são discutidos.
Effects of population density on cauliflower crop (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis)
Authors: Minami Keigo , Victoria Fº Ricardo
Published: April 2012

An experiment was carried out to study the effects of the following population densities cauliflowers (plants per ha): 20,833 (0.60 m x 0.80 m), 25,641 (0.60 m x 0.65 m), ....37.037 (0.60 m x 0.45 m) , 55.555 (.0.60 m x 0.30 m), and 111,111 (0,60 m x 0,15 m) ; variety Snow ball. It was concluded that the effects of plant population density are greater on curd quality (weight and size) than on production per ha. The best plant population density to produce cauliflowers curd for Brazil market is from 20,000 to 25,000 plants/ha while for mini-curd is above 55,000 plants/ha.
Production and quality of cotton fibers in relation to solar radiation
Authors: Abrahão Jairo Teixeira Mendes , Ometto José Carlos
Published: April 2012

The present paper refers to a research work carried out at the Dept. of Agriculture and Horticulture of ESALQ, University of São Paulo, in Piracicaba, State of São Paulo (latitude 22º42'S, longitude 47º33' WG and altitude 546 m). Sowing at different times and using artificial cover, an attempt was made to evaluate the behavior of cultivar IAC 17 of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) as to production and quality of fiber relating to incident solar radiation. Incident solar radiation, as well as insolation during the trial period, were tabulated and compared with yelds and agricultural and technological characters of fibers. The treatment under cover showed a mean level of incident solar radiation equivalent to less than 20% of that at clear sky, causing a decrease in cotton production and in the agricultural and technological characters of fibers.
Action of growth regulators on flowering and pod production of soybean cultivar Davis
Authors: Castro Paulo R.C. , Moraes Roberto S.
Published: April 2012

This research deals with the effects of growth regulators on flowering and pod formation in soybean plant (Glycine max cv. Davis). Under greenhouse conditions, soybean plants were sprayed with 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) 20 ppm, Agrostemmin (1g/10 ml/3 l) gibberellic acid (GA) 100 ppm, and (2-chloroethyl) trimethylammonium chloride (CCC) 2,000 ppm. Application of TIBA increased number of flowers. 'Davis' soybean treated with CCC and TIBA presented a tendency to produce a lower number of pods.
Doses and methods of distribution of potassium chloride on soybean crop (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) in a red latosol, affecting soil salinity, grain production and chemical composition of leaves
Authors: Yamada T. , Haag H.P.
Published: April 2012

The present work deal t wi th an experiment under field conditions and a laboratory test of soil incubation the objectives were as follows: a. to study effects on soybean grain product ion and leaf composition of increasing doses of potassium chloride applied into the soil through two methods of distribution; b. to observe chemical modifications in the soils incubated with increasing doses of potassium chloride; and, c. to correlate field effects with chemical alterations observed in the incubation test, The field experiment was carried out in a Red Latosol (Haplustox) with soybean cultivar UFV - 1. Potassium chloride was distributed through two methods: banded (5 cm below and 5 cm aside of the seed line) and broadcasted and plowed-down. Doses used were: 0; 50; 100 and 200 kg/ha of K2O. Foliar samples were taken at flowering stage. Incubation test were made in plastic bags with 2 kg of air dried fine soil, taken from the arable layer of the field experiment, with the following doses of KC1 p,a. : 0; 50; 100; 200; 400; 800; 1,600; 3.200; 6,400 and 12,800 kg/ha of K(2)0. In the conditions observed during the present work, results allowed the following conclusions: A response by soybean grain production for doses of potassium chloride, applied in both ways, banded or broadcasted, was not observed. Leaf analysis did not show treatment influence over the leaf contents for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and CI, Potassium chloride salinity effects in both methods of distribution for all the tested closes were not observed.
Application of chemicals on Ficus carica L. transplanted
Authors: Castro Paulo R.C. , Sampaio Vladimir R. , Demétrio Clarice G.B.
Published: April 2012

This research deals with the effects of chemicals on, transplantation of Ficus carica L. cv. Roxo de Valinhos. Fig plants were sprayed with Transplantone (naphthaleneacetamide plusnaphtaleneacetic acid) 10 g/1 , Oed green (oxyethylene docosanol) 40 ml/1, Good-rite peps (polyethylene polysulfite) 0,6 ml/1, and Mobileaf 200 ml/1. A check treatment and aereduction to half of leaf area were also established. Reduction of leaf area and application of oxyethylene docosanol promoted higher plant survival. The chemicals did not affect the growth of transplanted plants. Auxins constituents of Transplantone increased leaf number of fig plants.
Accumulation of micronutrients by sweet sorghum under field conditions
Authors: Rosolem C.A. , Malavolta E. , Machado J. R.
Published: April 2012

Samples of two cultivars of sweet sorghum (Brandes and Rio) grown on a Dark Red Latosol (Latossolo Roxo, Barra Bonita, SP.) were collected at intervals of 20 days during their life cycle and the contents of micronutrients were determined by routine procedures. Usually the physiological stages in which the rate of absorption was higher were not the same for both varieties.
Exigências nutricionais do sorgo sacarino
Authors: Rosolem C.A. , Malavolta E.
Published: April 2012

As exigências nutricionais de dois cultivares de sorgo sacarino (Brandes e Rio) foram estudadas em condição de campo e em casa de vegetação com cultivo em solução nutritiva. O ensaio em casa de vegetação foi conduzido em bandejões de 40 1 de capacidade contendo solução nutritiva de Hoagland e Arnon, e no campo, foram amostradas plantas que receberam adubação com 150-200-100 kg/ha de N, P2O5 e K2O, respectivamente. A ordem decrescente de exigências em casa de vegetação foi: K, N, Ca, Mg, P, S e Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn. Considerando a colheita dos colmos e dos grãos, o cultivar Brandes exportou 55% do N, 41% do P, 68% do K, 16% do Ca, 38% do Mg, 47% do S, 6% do Fe, 55% do Cu, 10% do Mn e 14% do Zn absorvidos, e o cultivar Rio exportou 59% do N, 43% do P, 72% do K, 10% do Ca, 44% do Mg, 60% do S, 1% do Fe, 66% do Cu, 8% do Mn e 10% do Zn absorvidos, em casa de vegetação. Em condição de campo, as exigências para produzir 1 tonelada de colmo foram de 3,22 a 3,93 kg de N, de 0,40 a 0,45 kg de P, de 3,91 a 4,3i kg de K, de o,02 a 0,77 kg de Ca, de 0,86 a 0,54 kg de Mg; de 0,32 a 0,41 kg de S, de 68,82 a 36,71 g de Fe, de 3,48 a 2,94 kg de Cu, de 16,43 a 18,05 g de Mn, de 7,72 a 8,77 g de Zn e de 17,99 a 20,47g de B.
Effects of ethephon and urea on ripening of fruits and leaf abscission of coffee (Coffea arábica L.)
Authors: Castro Paulo R.C. , Franco José F. , Costa José D. , Demétrio Clarice G.B.
Published: April 2012

A field experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of ethephon and urea on ripening of fruits and leaf abscission of coffee plant. Ethephon (2-chloroethane phosphonic acid) sprays were applied to green Coffea arábica berries 26 days before counting date in concentrations of 0.5 and 0.25 ml/1 from Ethrel (240 a.i./l). The chemical accelerated the onset of fruit ripening at both concentrations. The efficacy of ethephon was increased adding urea. Ethephon 0.5 ml/1 promoted abscission of leaves and low concentration reduced shedding of leaves. The treatments did not affect the growth and production on the next harvest.
Nutrient deficiencies in apple plants (Pyrus malus L.)
Authors: Haag H.P. , Trani P.E. , Sarruge J.R. , Dechen A.R.
Published: April 2012

A trial was carried out with one year old 'Ohio Beauty apples (grafted on 'Doucin'), grown on sand cu1ture, receining nutrient solutions lacking the following nutrients at the time: N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, and B. The main conclusions are as follows: as the adequate and inadequate levels from leaf analysis were, respectively: N -2.22 and 1.53%, P - 0,17 and 0.05%, K - 1.32 and 0.33%; Ca -0.9.4 and 0.52%, Mg - 0.37 and 0.06%; S -0.18 and 0.08%; B -62 and 2k ppm.
Absorption and nutrient concentration in apple (Pyrus mains L.)
Authors: Trani P.E. , Haag H.P. , Sarruge J.R. , Dechen A.R. , Catani CB
Published: April 2012

In order to obtain the following informations: a) dry matter production and extraction of nutrients by the fruits at different ages; b) dry matter production and extraction of nutrient by the leaves and "trunk + branches" collected at the flowering stage; c) dry matter production and export of nutrients by pruning (leaves and branches) at the begining dormant stage; A trial was conducted on Latossolo Vermelho Escuro Orto group (Orthox) at Buri, São Paulo State, Brazil. The material was collected from 'Ohio Beauty' and 'Brazil' apples grafted on 'Doucin' 1-2; 3-4; 4-5 and 6-7 years old. The main conclusions were as follows: a) differences were observed on dry matter production by two varieties at the different stages of growth; b) differences were also observed between the two varieties on the matter production in the leaves and "trunk + branches" at the flowering stage, as well as by the leaves and branches pruned at the begining of dormant stages; c) differences were observed betwen the two varieties concerning to nutrient concentration (on dry matter basis) on the fruits collected at different stages of growth. Same results were observed on leaves and "trunk + branches" collected at flowering period; d) differences were observed on the exportation of the nutrients referring to growth period of fruit; e) at the flowering and dormant period, differences were observed on the contents of nutrients in the leaves, 'trunk + branches', on the two varieties; f) the nutrient exportation by the fruits obyed the following order: K>N>P>S>Ca>Mg>Fe>B > Cu > Mn > Zn > Mo; g) the nutrient extration by the aerial part the apple trees obyed the following order: N > K > Ca > Mg > P > S > Fe > B > Cu = Mn = Zn.
Dry matter production and nutrient exportation by pruned leaves and branches of apple trees
Authors: Trani P.E. , Haag H.P. , Dechen A.R. , Catani C.B.
Published: April 2012

A trial was conducted on Latossol Vermelho Escuro Orto (Orthox) at Buri, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The material was collected from 'Ohio Beauty¹ and 'Brasil¹ apples trees grafted on 'Doucin'; the trees were 3-4, 4-5 and 6-7 years old. The authors concluded that at the dormant period differen ces were observed on the dry matter production as well on the nutrients exported by the leaves and branches of the two varieties. Branches exported higher amounts of P, Ca, B, Cu and Zn. Larger quantities of N, P and Mn were exported by the 1 eaves.
Kinetic parameters of silicon uptake by rice cultivars
Authors: Martins Priscila Oliveira , Crusciol Carlos Alexandre Costa , Pilon Cristiane
Published: April 2012

Silicon is considered an important chemical element for rice, because it can improve tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress. However, in many situations no positive effect of silicon was observed, probably due to genetic factors. The objective of this research was to monitor Si uptake kinetics and identify responses of rice cultivars in terms of Si uptake capacity and use. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse of the São Paulo State University (UNESP), Brazil. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized, factorial design with three replications. that consisted of two rice cultivars and two Si levels. Kinetic parameters (Vmax, Km, and Cmin), root morphology variables, dry matter yield, Si accumulation and levels in shoots and roots, uptake efficiency, utilization efficiency, and root/shoot ratio were evaluated. Higher Si concentrations in the nutrient solution did not increase rice dry matter. The development of the low-affinity silicon uptake system of the rice cultivar 'Caiapó' was better than of 'Maravilha'.
The nitrogen sufficiency index underlying estimates of nitrogen fertilization requirements of common bean
Authors: Maia Suelen Cristina Mendonça , Soratto Rogério Peres , Nastaro Beatriz , Freitas Lucas Barbosa de
Published: April 2012

Chlorophyll determination with a portable chlorophyll meter can indicate the period of highest N demand of plants and whether sidedressing is required or not. In this sense, defining the optimal timing of N application to common bean is fundamental to increase N use efficiency, increase yields and reduce the cost of fertilization. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the efficiency of N sufficiency index (NSI) calculated based on the relative chlorophyll index (RCI) in leaves, measured with a portable chlorophyll meter, as an indicator of time of N sidedressing fertilization and to verify which NSI (90 and 95 %) value is the most appropriate to indicate the moment of N fertilization of common bean cultivar Perola. The experiment was carried out in the rainy and dry growing seasons of the agricultural year 2009/10 on a dystroferric Red Nitosol, in Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with five treatments, consisting of N managements (M1: 200 kg ha-1 N (40 kg at sowing + 80 kg 15 days after emergence (DAE) + 80 kg 30 DAE); M2: 100 kg ha-1 N (20 kg at sowing + 40 kg 15 DAE + 40 kg 30 DAE); M3: 20 kg ha-1 N at sowing + 30 kg ha-1 when chlorophyll meter readings indicated NSI < 95 %; M4: 20 kg ha-1 N at sowing + 30 kg ha-1 N when chlorophyll meter readings indicated NSI < 90 % and, M5: control (without N application)) and four replications. The variables RCI, aboveground dry matter, total leaf N concentration, production components, grain yield, relative yield, and N use efficiency were evaluated. The RCI correlated with leaf N concentrations. By monitoring the RCI with the chlorophyll meter, the period of N sidedressing of common bean could be defined, improving N use efficiency and avoiding unnecessary N supply to common bean. The NSI 90 % of the reference area was more efficient to define the moment of N sidedressing of common bean, to increase N use efficiency.
Cover crops and herbicide timing management on soybean yield under no-tillage system
Authors: Nascente Adriano Stephan , Crusciol Carlos Alexandre Costa
Published: April 2012

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of cover crops and timing of pre-emergence herbicide applications on soybean yield under no-tillage system. The experiment consisted of four cover crops (Panicum maximum, Urochloa ruziziensis, U. brizantha, and pearl millet) and fallow, in addition to four herbicide timings (30, 20, 10, and 0 days before soybean sowing), under no-tillage system (NTS), and of two control treatments under conventional tillage system (CTS). The experimental design was a completely randomized block, in a split-plot arrangement, with three replicates. Soybean under fallow, P. maximum, U. ruziziensis, U. brizantha, and pearl millet in the NTS and soybean under U. brizantha in the CTS did not differ significantly regarding yield. Soybean under fallow in the CTS significantly reduced yield when compared to the other treatments. The amount of straw on soil surface did not significantly affect soybean yield. Chemical management of P. maximum and U. brizantha near the soybean sowing date causes significant damage in soybean yield. However, herbicide timing in fallow, U. ruziziensis, and pearl millet does not affect soybean yield.
Genótipos de sorgo para produção de barra de cereais
Authors: Queiroz Valéria Aparecida Vieira , Carneiro Heliete Lopes , Deliza Rosires , Rodrigues José Avelino Santos , Vasconcellos José Heitor de , Tardin Flávio Dessaune , Queiroz Luciano Rodrigues
Published: April 2012

O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver uma barra de cereais com pipoca de sorgo e avaliá-la quanto à aceitação do produto por consumidores, assim como identificar genótipos de sorgo e distintos modos de processamento para a produção de pipoca visando maior rendimento. Foram avaliados os processamentos sem (STH) e com tratamento hidrotérmico (CTH) dos grãos antes do pipoqueamento. O tratamento CTH reduziu o percentual de piruás em cerca de 36% e aumentou o rendimento da produção de pipoca em cerca de 80%. No STH, os genótipos BRS 310, BR 501, BR 506 e CMSXS 283 produziram menor percentual de piruás e maior capacidade de expansão. No CTH, 'BRS 310' e 'CMSXS 283' apresentaram melhor desempenho. Uma pesquisa sobre a aceitação e a intenção de compra das barras de cereais foi realizada em Londrina, PR e no Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Verificou-se que o produto foi aceito por 98, 4 e 76, 5% dos consumidores, e a média de aceitação, em uma escala de 1 a 9, foi de 7, 7 em Londrina e de 7, 1 no Rio de Janeiro. Quanto à intenção de compra, verificou-se que 88, 8% dos londrinenses e 80, 6% dos cariocas atribuíram notas acima de 4 ("talvez não comprasse, talvez comprasse") na escala de 7 pontos utilizada.
Thermal performance and concentration of gases in facilities for pigs in semiarid region from State of Paraiba - Brazil
Authors: Furtado Dermeval A. , Amancio Daniele , Nascimento José W. B. do , Gomes Josivanda P. , Silva Rafael C.
Published: April 2012

The study was conducted in a facility for pigs during the nursery and finishing in the town of 'Montadas', in the semiarid of the state of Paraiba, Brazil, in the rainy and dry season, aiming to evaluate the concentration of oxygen, methane, carbon monoxide and ammonia, and the bioclimatic indexes: ambient temperature (AT), relative humidity (RH) and the index of black globe temperature and humidity (IBGTH). These indexes differed significantly (P>0.05) between the periods and times. The AT in the rainy season was in the thermal comfort zone(TCZ) in most of the times in the nursery; for the finishing phase, thermal discomfort occurred; during the dry season, there was thermal comfort in the nursery phase; in the finishing phase the thermal discomfort occurred at all times. In the rainy season, the IBGTH was in TCZ; in the dry season, it was above the TCZ. The RH in the rainy period was in the TCZ; in the dry season, in most of the times, below the range of the TCZ. The concentration of gases showed no differences (P > 0.05) between periods and between the times, and the carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide and methane were below 1.0 ppm, and the ammonia showed a mean of 5.2 ppm. None of the analyzed gases exceeded the limits established by Brazilian and international standards for animals and workers.
Use of data mining and spectral profiles to differentiate condition after harvest of coffee plants
Authors: Lamparelli Rubens A. C. , Johann Jerry A. , Santos Éder R. dos , Esquerdo Julio C. D. M. , Rocha Jansle V.
Published: April 2012

This study aimed at identifying different conditions of coffee plants after harvesting period, using data mining and spectral behavior profiles from Hyperion/EO1 sensor. The Hyperion image, with spatial resolution of 30 m, was acquired in August 28th, 2008, at the end of the coffee harvest season in the studied area. For pre-processing imaging, atmospheric and signal/noise effect corrections were carried out using Flaash and MNF (Minimum Noise Fraction Transform) algorithms, respectively. Spectral behavior profiles (38) of different coffee varieties were generated from 150 Hyperion bands. The spectral behavior profiles were analyzed by Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm considering 2; 3; 4 and 5 clusters. T-test with 5% of significance was used to verify the similarity among the wavelength cluster means. The results demonstrated that it is possible to separate five different clusters, which were comprised by different coffee crop conditions making possible to improve future intervention actions.
The effects of air pollution on respiratory health in susceptible populations: a multilevel study in Bucaramanga, Colombia
Authors: Rodriguez-Villamizar Laura Andrea , Castro-Ortiz Henry , Rey-Serrano Juan Jose
Published: April 2012

We conducted a cohort study to investigate the association between exposure to three different levels of outdoor air pollution and incidence of respiratory symptoms in a population with chronic cardiovascular and respiratory disease. We accompanied 756 participants for a period of six months through the maintenance of a daily record of symptoms and clinic visits. The symptoms with highest incidence rates were sneezing and hacking cough. Multivariate analysis showed that incidence of total symptoms was 60% and 74% lower in areas with medium and low levels of pollution compared to areas with high levels of pollution. These results suggest that negative respiratory effects occur at concentrations of particulate matter PM10 > 60ug/m³.
Contribuições das teorias do desenvolvimento humano para a concepção contemporânea da adolescência
Authors: Senna Sylvia Regina Carmo Magalhães , Dessen Maria Auxiliadora
Published: April 2012

O interesse pelo estudo da adolescência vem aumentando, sobretudo por seu impacto no desenvolvimento do indivíduo, da família e da sociedade. Tratar a adolescência simplesmente como um período de grandes mudanças não condiz com as atuais perspectivas teóricas da ciência do desenvolvimento. Portanto, este artigo visa contribuir para uma compreensão mais atualizada deste período do curso de vida, caracterizado por intensa exploração e múltiplas oportunidades, que variam em função dos diferentes contextos sociais e culturais. Ênfase é dada à importância de se adotar um paradigma sistêmico para a compreensão da adolescência, priorizando as inter-relações dos recursos individuais e contextuais que promovem as trajetórias de desenvolvimento positivo.
Escuelas y barrios cercados: entre la contención social y la contención educativa
Authors: Giovine Renata
Published: April 2012

La hipótesis planteada es que el giro discursivo que se produce a comienzos del siglo XXI ante el ocaso de la reforma educativa de los ´90 en Argentina, si bien responderá inicialmente a una urgencia, irá conformando una trama de sentido heterogénea con una visión estratégica dominante. Esta trama se reconstruye del análisis principalmente de legislación derivada del ámbito bonaerense que formaliza la constitución de redes entre organismos gubernamentales de educación, minoridad y familia, individuos y organizaciones de la sociedad civil para el gobierno de la pobreza. Se estructura así un discurso que oscila entre la estigmatización y la reparación de derechos, poniéndose en evidencia cómo las escuelas por sí solas no bastan y emergen otras estrategias que las cercan en un espacio territorial separado del resto de la comunidad. Micro-comunidades en las que habitan aquellos que luchan por constituirse en beneficiarios y/o dadores de planes y programas, cuyo objetivo estratégico será la contención social y educativa.
Eurípedes e Pasolini: o mundo mítico rural e o mundo objetivo da cidade: educação e passagens
Authors: Almeida Milton José de
Published: April 2012

Este artigo versa sobre a passagem do mundo mítico e agrícola para o mundo prático e objetivo da cidade em suas dimensões de violência e desagregação social, como se apresentam na tragédia Medeia, de Eurípedes, e no filme do mesmo nome, de Pier Paolo Pasolini. Essa passagem é representada pela aliança social dos personagens Medeia e Jasão e pela quebra dessa aliança. A educação dos personagens, o poder econômico, a perspectiva de miséria e desagregação da família conduzem os interesses e a violência das relações afetivas e sociais.
Parcerias entre o setor público e o privado em escolas estaduais paulistas e o trabalho do professor: alguns dados para reflexão
Authors: Marin Alda Junqueira , Penna Marieta Gouvêa de Oliveira
Published: April 2012

Apresentam-se neste artigo reflexões sobre o desenvolvimento de ações em escolas públicas por meio de parcerias entre o setor público e o privado, a partir de pesquisa empírica que visou analisar os efeitos produzidos na dinâmica escolar, especificamente no que diz respeito ao trabalho do professor.
Quantidade e qualidade na pesquisa em educação, na perspectiva da dialética marxista
Authors: Ferraro Alceu Ravanello
Published: April 2012

Este trabalho trata da relação entre métodos quantitativos e qualitativos nas ciências sociais em geral e na área da educação em particular. Começa focalizando a orientação positivista da Sociologia, assim como de outras ciências sociais em sua origem, mas rejeitando a identificação sumária entre métodos quantitativos e positivismo. Aborda, então, a querela metodológica, com destaque para três teses a respeito da relação entre métodos quantitativos e qualitativos: a da oposição ou incompatibilidade; a da complementaridade; e a da unidade. Esta última, como unidade na perspectiva da dialética marxista. Por fim, sugere que, em vez de nos inquirirmos sobre qual a competência metodológica de maior valor em absoluto, deveríamos perguntar-nos se e como diferentes competências metodológicas poderão articular-se no estudo de um determinado objeto ou problema social ou educacional.
Tendências e tensões de sociabilidade de estudantes dos Palop em duas universidades brasileiras
Authors: Silva Kelly , Morais Sara Santos
Published: April 2012

Este trabalho discute, a partir de uma perspectiva etnográfica, tendências e tensões características da sociabilidade de estudantes africanos - vindos de países de língua oficial portuguesa - na Universidade de Brasília (UnB) e na Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Abordamos os modos pelos quais eles experimentam as práticas linguísticas e pedagógicas das universidades, vivenciam as tensões raciais existentes no Brasil, atribuem sentido aos espaços urbanos nos quais são acolhidos; e analisamos seus padrões mais comuns de interação e agregação. Sugerimos que o tempo de participação no fluxo migratório, a nacionalidade de origem dos estudantes e a cidade de acolhida no Brasil são variáveis que condicionam de forma importante a sociabilidade dos estudantes. Residualmente, e de forma ainda incipiente, exploramos algumas dinâmicas de identificação entre os alunos. Alguns se apresentam como sujeitos em diáspora. Outros, contudo, chamam atenção para a necessidade de continuarem a ser reconhecidos como estrangeiros. A maioria demonstra surpresa em se ver percebido como negro ou africano, simplesmente. Os estudantes vêm para o Brasil mediante o Programa Estudante Convênio de Graduação (PEC-G), um acordo diplomático que facilita o deslocamento do aluno ao nosso país a fim de realizar seu curso de nível superior.
Professores de escolas públicas: formação e atuação profissional
Authors: Alves Zélia M. M. Biasoli
Published: April 2012

Este estudo foi levado a efeito visando analisar dados, obtidos a partir de questionários e entrevistas com professores de Escolas Públicas, que descrevessem sua formação, características de sua atuação profissional e as crenças que as embasam, objetivando discutir esse ideário contra o que ocorre no Sistema Educacional no Brasil atualmente.
Fundamentos da prática docente: por uma pedagogia ativa
Authors: Chakur Cilene Ribeiro de Sá Leite
Published: April 2012

O artigo pretende mostrar como a questão dos fundamentos da prática docente é prioritária numa discussão sobre as falhas, incoerências e insatisfações do professor em sua tarefa diária, constituindo-se em ponto de partida para uma análise do ensino atual. São apontadas confusões e ambigüidades da prática docente, bem como a permanência de características da pedagogia tradicional, com suas suposições e implicações para o desenvolvimento e a aprendizagem do aluno. Ao final, são apresentados princípios psicológicos e epistemológicos da teoria piagetiana passíveis de fundamentar uma pedagogia ativa, e sugestões para sua efetivação na prática, visando atender à finalidade educacional de "desenvolvimento das potencialidades do educando" em novas bases.
Sexualidade e educação sexual na percepção docente
Authors: Quirino Glauberto da Silva , Rocha João Batista Teixeira da
Published: April 2012

Este artigo objetivou conhecer a percepção sobre sexualidade e educação sexual dos/as professores/as do Ensino Fundamental e Médio de uma escola pública de Juazeiro do Norte-CE, Brasil. Desenvolveu-se um estudo descritivo, de natureza qualitativa, de setembro de 2009 a fevereiro de 2010, com sete professores/as, por meio da observação e entrevista semiestruturada, com os seguintes questionamentos: o que é para você sexualidade? O que você entende por educação sexual? Os dados foram organizados em cinco categorias e analisados de forma interpretativa. O conceito de sexualidade foi dividido em duas categorias, sexo e opção sexual. Além de seus aspectos corporais, houve elementos espirituais e de expressão do amor entre os seres, embora estes fossem secundários aos atributos genitais e do intercurso sexual, circundados pelo caráter natural. A educação sexual foi pautada sobre três eixos: relação sexual, fisiologia corporal e comportamento social, constituindo tema relevante, a ser trabalhado a partir do quarto ou quinto ano do Ensino Fundamental, cujas aulas de ciências figuram como o espaço mais adequado para se tratar do assunto. O trabalho docente necessita de constante renovação, sendo preciso superar o modelo biomédico/científico na sexualidade, considerando suas dimensões histórica, social e cultural, cuja transversalidade das ações deve ser uma meta a ser alcançada nos diversos campos do saber.
Technological and sensory quality of restructured low-fat cooked ham containing liquid whey
Authors: Dutra Monalisa Pereira , Cardoso Giselle Pereira , Ramos Eduardo Mendes , Ramos Alcinéia de Lemos Souza , Pinheiro Ana Carla Marques , Fontes Paulo Rogério
Published: April 2012

The use of liquid whey to replace water (at 0, 25, 50, 75 or 100%) in a restructured cooked ham formulation was studied and several technological and sensory quality properties were determined. The test results showed no statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) in weight loss attributes (cooking yield, storage loss, reheating loss and refreezing loss) and instrumental texture (TPA test) parameters. However, for CIELAB color, samples were (P > 0.05) less reddish (a* value reduction) and more grayish and yellowish (lesser C* and higher h values) with higher whey additions. A lower (P < 0.05) flavor preference among samples with 25 and 50% liquid whey substitution was observed. Also, the sensory color was different (P < 0.05) in the products formulated with more than 25% of this adjunct, although the overall sensory impression was not affected (P > 0.05). These results suggest that up to 38% natural fresh liquid whey can be added to a restructured cooked ham formulation with similar results to products cured with a conventional formulation.
Diets with reduced levels of nutrients supplemented with phytase and amino acids for broilers
Authors: Gomide Elisangela Minati , Rodrigues Paulo Borges , Naves Luciana de Paula , Bernardino Verônica Maria Pereira , Santos Luziane Moreira dos , Garcia Antonio Amandio Pinto
Published: April 2012

One performance experiment and another metabolism experiment were conducted simultaneously with broilers from 22 to 35 days of age, evaluating five diets in six replicates. The control diet, without phytase, contained 19% of crude protein (CP); 0.412% of available phosphorus (aP) and 0.824% of calcium (Ca). The other diets were supplemented with phytase and were formulated with 0.262% of aP and 0.524% of Ca, with the CP level ranging from 19 to 16%. In the performance assay, 750 birds were used, in which were evaluated the performance, the tibia ash content and yields of carcass, cuts, and abdominal fat at 35 days of age. The metabolism assay was conducted with 90 birds, evaluating the apparent metabolizable energy corrected by the nitrogen balance; the metabolizability coefficient of dry matter (MCDM) of the diets, and also the balance and retention of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Diets did not affect performance, tibia ash content and yields of carcass, breast and thigh + drumstick. However, birds fed diet containing 16% of CP showed greater abdominal fat. Diets containing 19% of CP had the smaller energetic value and MCDM. The retention of N and P was higher in birds fed diets formulated with reduced CP content and phytase. Therefore, when the broiler feed is supplemented with phytase and amino acids it is possible to reduce the CP, aP and Ca for up to 16; 0.262 and 0.524%, respectively.
Estimate of the weight of japanese quail eggs through fuzzy sets theory
Authors: Castro Jaqueline de Oliveira , Veloso Alessandro Vieira , Yanagi Junior Tadayuki , Fassani Edison José , Schiassi Leonardo , Campos Alessandro Torres
Published: April 2012

Quail breeding is a viable alternative for animal production and due to its low investment, fast return of invested capital, use of small areas and creation of jobs has aroused much interest in Brazil. The aim of this study was to develop a model based on fuzzy set theory to predict the weight of eggs from Japanese quails. The proposed fuzzy model was based on data from field measurement experiments, as well as from literature referring to the influence of environment over the weight of eggs. To develop the fuzzy system, air dry-bulb temperature (t db, ° C) and relative air humidity (RH, %) were defined as input variables and trapezoidal and triangular membership functions were used, respectively. The absolute deviation between the values for observed egg weight and egg weight estimated by the fuzzy system, varied between 0.01 g and 0.32 g, and the average deviation was 0.14 g. The average error found was 2.33%, and the determination coefficient (R²) was equal to 0.668. The fuzzy system developed to estimate the weight of Japanese quail eggs, based on the t db and RH provided low values for absolute deviation and percentage error, allows a realistic estimate of the weight of eggs in different environmental conditions.
La alfabetización informacional en las bibliotecas universitarias de Brasil: visualización de los niveles de incorporación desde la información publicada en sus sitios web
Authors: Tirado Alejandro Uribe
Published: April 2012

La formación en competencias informacionales (Alfabetización Informacional) es uno de los retos más actuales de las bibliotecas universitarias ante la posibilidad de acceso a enormes recursos de información que posibilitan los medios digitales y la necesidad de conocer y aplicar mejores criterios de selección y evaluación de la información para recuperar la más pertinente y de mayor calidad. Frente a esta situación, las bibliotecas universitarias iberoamericanas han ido poco a poco incorporando esta formación bien sea desde programas-cursos directos ofrecidos por la biblioteca o mediante el trabajo colaborativo con docentes y facultades en los currículos de distintas universidades o en disciplinas específicas. Este trabajo desde la metodología de análisis de contenidos Web, hace una revisión de la información que presentan las bibliotecas universitarias brasileras sobre esta actividad fundamental de formación, para a partir de esa información, visualizar los niveles de incorporación de las competencias informacionales (Alfabetización Informacional) que desde sus sitios web estarían presentando.