bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploration of population ecological factors related to the spatial heterogeneity of dengue fever cases diagnosed through a national network of laboratories in India, 2017
Authors: Joshua Vasna , Kaliaperumal Kanagasabai , Krishnamurthy Kirubakaran Bajji , Muthusamy Ravi , Venkatachalam Ramachandran , Gowri Kethara A. , Shete Vishal C. , Ramasamy Sabarinathan , Gupta Nivedita , Murhekar Manoj Vasant
Published: February 2020

Background & objectives:

Dengue virus (DENV) transmission is known to be influenced by the environmental conditions. During 2017, the Viral Research and Diagnostic Laboratories (VRDLs) tested 78,744 suspected dengue fever (DF) patients, of whom, 21,260 were laboratory confirmed. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the hypothesis that spatial heterogeneity existed for DF patients and to identify significant determinants of DENV transmission in various districts across the Indian States during 2017.

Methods:

Laboratory confirmed DF cases were analysed from 402 districts spread across the Indian States. The determinants for DF transmission included in the model were population density, proportion of population living in rural areas, proportion of forest cover area to the total geographical area, proportion of persons not able to read and write and who were aged greater than seven years; the climatic variables considered were minimum, maximum and average temperature, precipitation and cumulative rainfall. The spatial heterogeneity was assessed using spatial regression analysis.

Results:

DF cases showed strong spatial dependency, with Moran's I=4.44 (P<0.001). The robust measure for spatial lag (6.55; P=0.01) was found to be the best model fit for the data set. Minimum temperature and cumulative rainfall were significant predictors.

Interpretation & conclusions:

A significant increase in the number of dengue cases has occurred when the minimum temperature was 23.0-25.8°C and the cumulative rainfall 118.14-611.64 mm across the Indian districts. Further in-depth investigations incorporating more number of demographic, ecological and socio-economic factors would be needed for robust conclusions.
Construction & assessment of a unified curated reference database for improving the taxonomic classification of bacteria using 16S rRNA sequence data
Authors: Agnihotry Shikha , Sarangi Aditya N. , Aggarwal Rakesh
Published: February 2020

Background & objectives:

For bacterial community analysis, 16S rRNA sequences are subjected to taxonomic classification through comparison with one of the three commonly used databases [Greengenes, SILVA and Ribosomal Database Project (RDP)]. It was hypothesized that a unified database containing fully annotated, non-redundant sequences from all the three databases, might provide better taxonomic classification during analysis of 16S rRNA sequence data. Hence, a unified 16S rRNA database was constructed and its performance was assessed by using it with four different taxonomic assignment methods, and for data from various hypervariable regions (HVRs) of 16S rRNA gene.

Methods:

We constructed a unified 16S rRNA database (16S-UDb) by merging non-ambiguous, fully annotated, full-length 16S rRNA sequences from the three databases and compared its performance in taxonomy assignment with that of three original databases. This was done using four different taxonomy assignment methods [mothur Naïve Bayesian Classifier (mothur-nbc), RDP Naïve Bayesian Classifier (rdp-nbc), UCLUST, SortMeRNA] and data from 13 regions of 16S rRNA [seven hypervariable regions (HVR) (V2-V8) and six pairs of adjacent HVRs].

Results:

Our unified 16S rRNA database contained 13,078 full-length, fully annotated 16S rRNA sequences. It could assign genus and species to larger proportions (90.05 and 46.82%, respectively, when used with mothur-nbc classifier and the V2+V3 region) of sequences in the test database than the three original 16S rRNA databases (70.88-87.20% and 10.23-24.28%, respectively, with the same classifier and region).

Interpretation & conclusions:

Our results indicate that for analysis of bacterial mixtures, sequencing of V2-V3 region of 16S rRNA followed by analysis of the data using the mothur-nbc classifier and our 16S-UDb database may be preferred.
Обобщенная теорема о границах криволинейной три-ткани и ее приложения
Authors: Shelekhov Aleksandr Mikhailovich
Published: February 2020

Пусть криволинейная три-ткань задана уравнением $F(x, y, z)=0$. Найдено специфическое строение производных функции $F$, которое характеризует регулярные три-ткани. Это позволяет перечислить все регулярные три-ткани, образованные: декартовой сетью и семейством окружностей; декартовой сетью и семейством кривых второго порядка.
Библиография: 4 названия.
One-Dimensional Modeling of a Thermochemical Recuperation Scheme for Improving Spark-Ignition Range Extender Engine Efficiency
Authors: Northrop William F. , Zarling Darrick
Published: February 2020

Range extender (REx) engines have promise for providing low-cost energy for future battery electric vehicles. Due to their restricted operation range, REx engines provide an opportunity to implement system-level schemes that are less attractive for engines designed for highly transient operation. This paper explores a thermochemical recuperation (TCR) scheme for a 2-cylinder BMW spark-ignition REx engine using a 1-D model implemented in GT-Power™. The TCR reactor employs a unique catalytic heat exchange configuration that enables efficient transfer of exhaust sensible and chemical enthalpy to steam reform the incoming fuel. The engine model without the TCR reactor was validated using experimental emissions and performance data from a BMW engine operating on a test stand. A custom integrated heat exchanger and catalyst model was created and integrated with the validated engine. A parametric modeling sweep was conducted with iso-octane as fuel over a range of reformed fuel fraction. With the TCR reactor operating at a molar steam to carbon ratio of 1.0, engine efficiency was increased by 2.9% over the baseline REx engine within the most efficient speed and load operation range. Emissions of major exhaust species remained the same as the baseline with the addition of the TCR reactor and integrated three-way catalyst aftertreatment system.
Report on Unmanned Ground Vehicle Reliability
Authors:   Ground Vehicle Reliability Committee
Published: February 2020

This information report is applicable to the reliability characteristics of unmanned ground vehicles.
C6orf120 gene deficiency may be vulnerable to carbon tetrachloride induced acute hepatic injury in rats
Authors: Zhang Jian , Zhang Man-ka , Ma Hui-min , Song Xin-cheng , Wu Yuan-ni , Zhang Rui , He Ling-ling , Ye Xiao-hui , Gao Mei-xin , Li Xin
Published: February 2020

Introduction

The function of the C6orf120 gene, which encodes an N-glycosylated protein, remains unknown. The study was performed to characterize the utility of the C6orf120 gene in carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury and to elucidate the potential underlying mechanisms by establishing a C6orf120 gene-knockout (C6orf120–/–) rat model.

Material and methods

C6orf120-/- and wild-type (WT) rats were intraperitoneally administered with CCl4 (1 : 1 v/v in olive oil, 2 µl/g). Rats were sacrificed 24 h after CCl4 administration. Liver tissues were collected for H&E, IHC, qRT-PCR, and Western blot analysis.

Results

C6orf120 gene deficiency may be vulnerable to CCl4-induced acute liver injury in rats as indicated by the high levels of alanine aminotransferase (WT: 388.7 ±55.96 vs. C6orf120–/–: 915.9 ±118.8, p < 0.001) and greater degree of pathological damage. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction showed that the mRNA levels of inflammation-associated cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-, in liver tissues were increased in C6orf120–/– rats compared with those in WT rats. Moreover, western blot showed that the protein expression of cytokines nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain leucine rich repeat and pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), caspase-1, IL-1β, nuclear factor-κB, c-Jun N-terminal kinases, and Bax were increased in C6orf120–/– rats compared with those in WT rats.

Conclusions

C6orf120–/– rats were susceptible to CCl4-induced liver injury, which may be related to NLRP3 inflammasome and JNK signaling pathway activation.
The long noncoding RNA MIR210HG improves preeclampsia by regulating miR-1226-3p/MUC1-C: in vitro study
Authors: Jiang Meiqin , Ling Jing , Ding Hongjuan
Published: February 2020

Introduction

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects and mechanisms of the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) MIR210HG in preeclampsia development.

Material and methods

We collected placental tissue from 25 patients with preeclampsia (PE) and 25 healthy pregnant women and analysed the differences in lncRNAs between the placental tissues. HTR8/SVneo cells were transfected with the MIR210HG from the samples, and we observed the effects on the biological activities of HTR8/SVneo cells in conditions of hypoxia and reoxygenation (H/R) by transwell and wound-healing assays. To clarify the mechanisms of action, we used the Western blot assay to measure the expression levels of relative proteins (MUC1-C, SMAD2, Snail, E-cadherin and N-cadherin) and cellular immunofluorescence to measure Erk protein nuclear volume. We also evaluated the correlations between expression of MIR210HG and that of miR-1226-3p, miR-1226-3p and MUC1-C by luciferase reporter assay.

Results

Chip hybridisation and scans revealed that MIR210HG expression was significantly more depressed in patients with PE than in healthy pregnant women (p < 0.001). With MIR210HG overexpression, HTR8/SVneo cell invasion and migration were significantly increased in an environment of H/R plus pcDNA3.1, microRNA negative control (miR-NC) or hsa-miR-1226-3p in comparison with an environment of H/R alone (p < 0.001, respectively). Levels of miR-1226-3p were significantly suppressed in lncRNA samples subjected to H/R (p < 0.001, respectively). In addition, miR-1226-3p depressed MIR210HG activity, thereby ameliorating PE.

Conclusions

By regulating miR-1226-3p/MUC1-C activity, MIR210HG can help ameliorate preeclampsia.
The consistency between observations (TCCON, surface measurements and satellites) and CO2 models in reproducing global CO2 growth rate
Authors: Labzovskii Lev D. , Kenea Samuel Takele , Kim Jinwon , Lee Haeyoung , Li Shanlan , Byun Young-Hwa , Goo Tae-Young , Oh Young-Suk
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Atmospheric CO2 growth is the primary driver of the global warming and the rate of this growth is a valuable indicator of the interannual changes in carbon cycle. Despite atmospheric CO2 growth rate had been considered as the well-known quantity, the latest findings indicated that CO2 models can considerably disagree in reproducing this rate. This study is aimed to advance our knowledge about temporal and spatial variations of annual CO2 growth rate (AGR) by using CO2 observations from the Total Column Observing Network (TCCON), CO2 simulations from Carbon Tracker (CT) and Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring System (CAMS) models being compared with the previously-reported global references of AGR from Global Carbon Budget (GCB) and satellite observations (SAT) for 2004–2019 years. TCCON and the CO2 models revealed temporal AGR variations (AGRTCCON = 1.71–3.35 ppm, AGRCT = 1.64–3.15 ppm, AGRCAMS = 1.66–3.13 ppm) of very similar magnitude to the global CO2 growth references (AGRGCB = 1.59–3.23 ppm, AGRSAT = 1.55–2.92 ppm). However, AGRTCCON estimates agree well with the references only during the 2010s (correlation coefficient, r = 0.68 vs GCB and r = 0.75 vs SAT) as the TCCON observational coverage has been substantially expanded since 2009. Moreover, AGRTCCON reasonably agrees (r = 0.67) with the strength of El-Nino Southern Oscillations (ENSO) in the 2010s. The highest atmospheric CO2 growth (2015–2016) driven by the very strong El-Nino was accurately reproduced by TCCON which provided AGR of 2015–2016 years (3.29 ± 0.98 ppm) in very close agreement to the AGRSAT reference (3.23 ± 0.50 ppm). We further validated AGR simulations (CT and CAMS) versus the newly-acquired AGRTCCON (as point-location reference) for every TCCON site and found low agreement between the models and TCCON (r  0.98). From spatial perspective, the highest AGR estimates (> 20 % from the median) were observed in the regions of intense fossil fuel combustion (East Asia) or biomass burning (Amazon, Central Africa). Lack of ideal correlation and small disagreement between CT and CAMS (
SiR-actin-labelled granules in foraminifera: patterns, dynamics, and hypotheses
Authors: Goleń Jan , Tyszka Jarosław , Bickmeyer Ulf , Bijma Jelle
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Recent advances in fluorescence imaging facilitate
actualistic studies of organisms used for palaeoceanographic
reconstructions. Observations of cytoskeleton organisation and dynamics in
living foraminifera foster understanding of morphogenetic and
biomineralisation principles. This paper describes the organisation of a
foraminiferal actin cytoskeleton using in vivo staining based on fluorescent
SiR-actin. Surprisingly, the most distinctive pattern of SiR-actin staining
in foraminifera is the prevalence of SiR-actin-labelled granules (ALGs)
within pseudopodial structures. Fluorescent signals obtained from granules
dominate over dispersed signals from the actin meshwork. SiR-actin-labelled
granules are small (around 1 µm in diameter) actin-rich structures,
demonstrating a wide range of motility behaviours, from almost stationarily
oscillating around certain points to exhibiting rapid motion. These labelled
microstructures are present both in Globothalamea (Amphistegina, Ammonia) and Tubothalamea
(Quinqueloculina). They are found to be active in all kinds of pseudopodial ectoplasmic
structures, including granuloreticulopodia, globopodia, and lamellipodia, as
well as within the endoplasm. Several hypotheses are set up to explain
either specific or non-specific actin staining. Two hypotheses regarding
their function are proposed if specific actin labelling is taken into
account: (1) granules are involved in endocytosis and intracellular
transport of different kinds of cargo, or (2) they transport prefabricated
and/or recycled actin fibres to the sites where they are needed. These
hypotheses are not mutually exclusive. The first hypothesis is based on the
presence of similar actin structures in fungi, fungi-like protists, and some
plant cells. The later hypothesis is based on the assumption that actin
granules are analogous to tubulin paracrystals responsible for efficient
transport of tubulin. Actin patches transported in that manner are most
likely involved in maintaining shape, rapid reorganisation, and elasticity
of pseudopodial structures, as well as in adhesion to the substrate.
Finally, our comparative studies suggest that a large proportion of
SiR-actin-labelled granules probably represent fibrillar vesicles and
elliptical fuzzy-coated vesicles often identified in transmission electron microscope images.
Improving maps of forest aboveground biomass: A combined approach using machine learning with a spatial statistical model
Authors: Dai Shaoqing , Zheng Xiaoman , Gao Lei , Xu Chengdong , Zuo Shudi , Chen Qi , Wei Xiaohua , Ren Yin
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Aboveground biomass (AGB) estimates at the plot level plays a major part in connecting accurate single-tree AGB measurements to relatively difficult regional-scale AGB estimates. However, complex and spatially heterogeneous landscapes, where multiple environmental covariates (such as longitude, latitude, and forest structure) affect the spatial distribution of AGB, make upscaling of plot-level models more challenging. To address this challenge, this study proposes an approach that combines machine learning with spatial statistics to construct a more accurate plot-level AGB model. The study was conducted in a Eucalyptus plantation in Nanjing, China. We developed, evaluated, and compared the accuracy and performance of three different machine learning models [support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), and the radial basis function artificial neural network (RBF-ANN)], one spatial statistics model (P-BSHADE), and three combinations thereof (SVM & P-BSHADE, RF & P-BSHADE, RBF-ANN & P-BSHADE) for forest AGB estimates based on AGB data from 30 sample plots and their corresponding environmental covariates. The results show that the performance indices RMSE, nRMSE, MAE, and MRE of all combined models are substantially smaller than those of any individual models, with the RF & P-BSHADE combined method giving the smallest value. These results demonstrate clearly that combined models, especially the RF & P-BSHADE model, can improve the accuracy of plot-level AGB models and reduce uncertainty on plot-level AGB estimates or even on large-forested-landscape AGB estimates. These research results are important because they reduce the uncertainty in estimates of the regional carbon balance.
A soil moisture monitoring network to characterize karstic recharge and evapotranspiration at five representative sites across the globe
Authors: Berthelin Romane , Rinderer Michael , Andreo Bartolomé , Baker Andy , Kilian Daniela , Leonhardt Gabriele , Lotz Annette , Lichtenwoehrer Kurt , Mudarra Matías , Padilla Ingrid Y. , Pantoja Agreda Fernando , Rosolem Rafael , Vale Abel , Hartmann Andreas
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Karst systems are characterized by a high subsurface heterogeneity, and their
complex recharge processes are difficult to characterize. Experimental
methods to study karst systems mostly focus on analysing the entire aquifer.
Despite their important role in recharge processes, the soil and epikarst
receive limited attention, and the few available studies were performed at
sites of similar latitudes. In this paper, we describe a new monitoring
network that allows for the improvement of the understanding of soil and epikarst processes by including different karst systems with different land-cover types
in different climate regions. Here, we present preliminary data form the
network and elaborate on their potential to answer research questions about the
role of soil and epikarst on karstic water flow and storage. The network
measures soil moisture at multiple points and depths to understand the
partitioning of rainfall into infiltration, evapotranspiration, and
groundwater recharge processes. We installed soil moisture probes at five
different climate regions: Puerto Rico (tropical), Spain (Mediterranean),
the United Kingdom (humid oceanic), Germany (humid mountainous), and
Australia (dry semi-arid). At each of the five sites, we defined two 20 m×20 m plots with different land-use types (forest and grassland). At each
plot, 15 soil moisture profiles were randomly selected and probes at
different depths from the topsoil to the epikarst (in total over 400 soil
moisture probes) were installed. Covering the spatio-temporal variability of
flow processes through a large number of profiles, our monitoring network
will allow researchers to develop a new conceptual understanding of evapotranspiration
and groundwater recharge processes in karst regions across different climate
regions and land-use types, and this will provide the base for quantitative assessment
with physically based modelling approaches in the future.
Modelling global tropical cyclone wind footprints
Authors: Done James M. , Ge Ming , Holland Greg J. , Dima-West Ioana , Phibbs Samuel , Saville Geoffrey R. , Wang Yuqing
Published: February 2020

Abstract. A novel approach to modelling the surface wind field of landfalling tropical cyclones (TCs) is presented. The modelling system simulates the
evolution of the low-level wind fields of landfalling TCs, accounting for terrain effects. A two-step process models the gradient-level wind field
using a parametric wind field model fitted to TC track data and then brings the winds down to the surface using a numerical boundary layer model. The
physical wind response to variable surface drag and terrain height produces substantial local modifications to the smooth wind field provided by the
parametric wind profile model. For a set of US historical landfalling TCs the accuracy of the simulated footprints compares favourably with
contemporary modelling approaches. The model is applicable from single-event simulation to the generation of global catalogues. One application
demonstrated here is the creation of a dataset of 714 global historical TC overland wind footprints. A preliminary analysis of this dataset shows
regional variability in the inland wind speed decay rates and evidence of a strong influence of regional orography. This dataset can be used to
advance our understanding of overland wind risk in regions of complex terrain and support wind risk assessments in regions of sparse historical
data.
The physics of space weather/solar-terrestrial physics (STP): what we know now and what the current and future challenges are
Authors: Tsurutani Bruce T. , Lakhina Gurbax S. , Hajra Rajkumar
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Major geomagnetic storms are caused by unusually intense solar wind
southward magnetic fields that impinge upon the Earth's magnetosphere
(Dungey, 1961). How can we predict the occurrence of future interplanetary
events? Do we currently know enough of the underlying physics and do we have
sufficient observations of solar wind phenomena that will impinge upon the
Earth's magnetosphere? We view this as the most important challenge in space
weather. We discuss the case for magnetic clouds (MCs), interplanetary
sheaths upstream of interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs),
corotating interaction regions (CIRs) and solar wind high-speed streams
(HSSs). The sheath- and CIR-related magnetic storms will be difficult to
predict and will require better knowledge of the slow solar wind and
modeling to solve. For interplanetary space weather, there are challenges
for understanding the fluences and spectra of solar energetic particles
(SEPs). This will require better knowledge of interplanetary shock
properties as they propagate and evolve going from the Sun to 1 AU (and
beyond), the upstream slow solar wind and energetic “seed” particles.
Dayside aurora, triggering of nightside substorms, and formation of new
radiation belts can all be caused by shock and interplanetary ram pressure
impingements onto the Earth's magnetosphere. The acceleration and loss of
relativistic magnetospheric “killer” electrons and prompt penetrating
electric fields in terms of causing positive and negative ionospheric storms
are reasonably well understood, but refinements are still needed. The
forecasting of extreme events (extreme shocks, extreme solar energetic
particle events, and extreme geomagnetic storms (Carrington events or
greater)) are also discussed. Energetic particle precipitation into the
atmosphere and ozone destruction are briefly discussed. For many of the
studies, the Parker Solar Probe, Solar Orbiter, Magnetospheric Multiscale
Mission (MMS), Arase, and SWARM data will be useful.
Simultaneous estimation of wintertime sea ice thickness and snow
depth from space-borne freeboard measurements
Authors: Shi Hoyeon , Sohn Byung-Ju , Dybkjær Gorm , Tonboe Rasmus Tage , Lee Sang-Moo
Published: February 2020

Abstract. A method of simultaneously estimating snow depth and sea ice thickness using satellite-based freeboard measurements over the Arctic Ocean during winter was proposed. The ratio of snow depth to ice thickness (referred to as α) was defined and used in constraining the conversion from the freeboard to ice thickness in satellite altimetry. Then, α was empirically determined using the ratio of temperature difference of the snow layer to the difference of the ice layer, to allow the determination of α from satellite-derived snow surface temperature and snow–ice interface temperature. The proposed method was validated against NASA's Operation IceBridge measurements, and comparison results indicated that the algorithm adequately retrieves snow depth and ice thickness simultaneously: retrieved ice thickness was found to be better than the current satellite retrieval methods relying on the use of snow depth climatology as input, in terms of mean bias and RMSE. The application of the proposed method to CryoSat-2 ice freeboard measurements yields similar results. In conclusion, the developed α-based method has the capacity to derive ice thickness and snow depth, without relying on the snow depth information as input to the buoyancy equation for converting freeboard to ice thickness.
Los ideales culturales versus la pasión de la mujer: un análisis textual de 'Jane Eyre' (Cary Fukunaga, 2011)
Authors: González Hortigüela Tecla , Parrondo Coppel Eva
Published: February 2020

La hipótesis que proponemos en este trabajo es que con la reescritura de esta novela de Charlotte Brontë (1847), la guionista Moira Buffini y el cineasta Cary Fukunaga hacen dos cosas: en primer lugar, recuperan la imbricación entre la violencia y la sexualidad que caracteriza a los relatos literarios y cinematográficos pertenecientes al género gótico femenino. Y, en segundo lugar, mediante su adaptación guionista y director actualizan dicho género, en la medida en que ahondan en la oposición estructural existente entre, por un lado, los ideales culturales –tales como la pureza femenina, o la independencia de la mujer– y, por otro lado, el apasionado deseo heterosexual de algunas mujeres.
Analysis of Training Load Perception of Young Soccer Players Based on Some Variables
Authors: Erdem Kamil , Kayhan Recep Fatih
Published: February 2020

The aim of this study is to examine the perception of training load of young soccer players during a five-week preparation period, based on their positions of play, VO2 max and years licensed and to compare the perceptions of the players with the training load planned by their coach. 17 young soccer players of Beşiktaş Football Club’s U16 team who participated in the pre-season training prior to the 2018-2019 season volunteered to participate in this study. The height of the players is 175.38±4.83 cm, body weight is 64.24±4.59 kg, body mass index is 20.91±1.54 kg/m2 and body fat percentage is 8.45±3.39. During the 5-week preparation period, the players assessed the rate of perceived exertion of the sections of each training session by using the Borg Scale, on a scale from 1 to10. The SPSS package program (SPSS 24) was used for statistical analysis of the research data. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to assess normality and Levene’s test was used to assess homogeneity. It was determined that the data distribution was normal. An independent t-test was implemented for comparison of the two groups, and a one-way ANOVA test was implemented for the comparison of multiple groups. The statistical results were evaluated at p < 0.05 significance level. As a result, the players’ VO2 max values and the years of licensed soccer play may have an influence on their perception of the training load. The coaches’ and young soccer players’ perception levels of preparation period training load are compatible.
PROJEÇÕES CLIMÁTICAS REGIONALIZADAS PARA O ESTADO DO TOCANTINS, BRASIL, NOS CENÁRIOS RCP 4.5 E RCP 8.5
Authors: Sousa Rhonan Martins de , Viola Marcelo Ribeiro , Chou Sin Chan , Alves Marcos Vinicius Giongo , Avanzi Junior Cesar
Published: February 2020

Os possíveis impactos sobre os recursos hídricos e a biodiversidade do Cerrado decorrentes da alteração de origem antrópica da concentração de Gases de Efeito Estufa (GEEs) é tida como uma das principais problemáticas ambientais do século XXI. O avanço de pesquisas sobre essa temática é realizado a partir da aplicação de modelos climáticos, que possibilitam a avaliação de cenários exploratórios futuros. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se avaliar as mudanças climáticas projetadas pelo modelo climático regional Eta dirigido pelos modelos globais HadGEM2-ES e MIROC5 para o início (2011-2040) e metade (2041-2070) do século XXI no Estado do Tocantins, para as trajetórias representativas de concentração, RCP 4.5 e RCP 8.5. Levando-se em consideração o regime pluvial inerente ao Tocantins, os resultados foram analisados para as estações chuvosa (de outubro a março) e estiagem (de abril a setembro), tendo sido abordadas as seguintes variáveis: precipitação, evapotranspiração real, temperaturas (média, máxima e mínima) e umidade relativa. A análise das projeções climáticas futuras mostrou possibilidade de severas alterações nos regimes hídrico e térmico no estado do Tocantins nos RCPs 4.5 e 8.5 no século XXI. As projeções de mudanças mais severas de precipitação e temperatura foram pelo Eta-MIROC5 e Eta-HadGEM2-ES, respectivamente, ambas no cenário RCP 8.5. As projeções mostram possibilidade de redução da precipitação de até 524,8 mm.6meses-1 (out-mar) para o início do século XXI, sobretudo para a região Sul. Para as temperaturas (média, mínima e máxima) foram projetadas mudanças positivas em todas as análises. As mudanças mais severas foram para a metade do século XXI, de até 5,1°C para as temperaturas médias, 5,9ºC para as temperaturas máximas e 4,8ºC para as temperaturas mínimas, sobretudo para a região Sudoeste nas proximidades da Ilha do Bananal
The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in Swiss History Textbooks: Concepts, Templates, and Omissions
Authors: Furrer Markus
Published: February 2020

The claim “We want visibility” can not only be made for the representation of non-European areas and states but arises within the European continent as well. The contribution enquires about the representation of the history of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth before the division of Poland before 1772 in Swiss history textbooks. There only can be found fragmentary references. Thereby, one has to put more specific questions as to which of the references in the textbooks have related and still relate to the history of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, as to what is lacking and also what loss in knowledge and orientation is connected with this for the pupils and students in Switzerland. At a larger scale the questions arise as to how the Early Modern era has been conveyed in Swiss textbooks in spatial terms and still is. It is thereby not irrelevant what in fact is omitted. In the case of the strong neglection of the Central European area of the Early Modern Times in general and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in particular in Swiss textbooks, one takes the risk of hardly being able to create the awareness for a European diversification.
The cultural competence learning needs of migrant nurses: A literature review
Authors: Al-Komah Fatima , Khraim Fadi , Forgrave Daniel , Saabneh Rawia
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Migrant nurses need to provide healthcare that is culturally appropriate to the host population. The aim of this literature review is to identify the cultural competence learning needs of migrant nurses that would assist in their transition to the host country.Methods: A literature review was carried out according to Cronin, Ryan, and Coughlan’s (2008) framework. This review included 13 articles published between 2008 and 2018 that discussed cultural competence training for migrant nurses.Results: Migrant nurses’ learning needs fall into four themes: communication, religion and spirituality, customs, and work environment.Discussion: Language barrier and unfamiliarity with a patient’s religion and customs are the main causes of most misunderstandings in the workplace and result in a lack of perceived quality of care. Moving to a different work environment often involves taking on a new role and learning about a new type of organizational structure.
Approaching the Ideal BLDC Motor: A Novel Electronic Speed Controller System for a Generator-Converted BLDC Motor with Field Weakening Feature
Authors: Widodo Hastanto SM , Madenda Sarifuddin , Harmanto Suryadi , Hermanto Lingga
Published: February 2020

The concept of an ideal Brushless DC (BLDC) motor which has adjustable rotor magnetic field offers an opportunity for wider BLDC area of implementation as a very versatile electric powerhouse especially in variable load areas such as on electric vehicle or other people movers. Characterized by its high-efficiency level, low maintenance and long service duration, the lack of physical commutation brush like in regular DC motor dictates the requirement of an electronic control system to regulates its commutation.

An electronic control system equipped with rotor field control capability in a collaboration with an ideal BLDC motor, is believed to offers wider implementation opportunity. Unlike a normal BLDC motor which has a standard power curved characterized with maximum power is only achievable in one specific speed, if properly controlled will have an adjustable maximum power in a wide range of rotational speed.

This study proposes a novel approach to an ideal BLDC implementation through novel electronic speed controller with rotor field control in addition to normal standard motor power control. As there is no such thing as an ideal BLDC motor at the current moment, an automotive generator which has an electromagnetic rotor is converted to become a BLDC motor as an effort to approach the ideal BLDC motor concept. Field weakening, the term used for adjusting rotor magnetic field in induction motor control, is adopted as the term for adjusting the BLDC rotor field in operation. Further, a novel an electronic control system is developed which special features to also control the rotor magnetic field.

The converted generator has been found to able to function like an ideal BLDC motor, by adjusting the electromagnetic rotor in its operation. It has been found to be able to provides maximum motor power within a wide range of rotational speed. Through rotor field adjustment, the converted generator provides a real-time versatile capability of allocating its power to either the high torque at low motor speed or to a very high speed at minimum torque. 39% to 81% operational efficiency levels have been achieved during the experiment, rendering the performance level of the converted generator and controller way above brushed DC motor and in par with most of standard BLDC motor.

The Field Weakening control has also been found to be useable for speed control. Further, a Proportional – Integral close-loop speed regulation has also been developed for both motor and rotor control and was found to be able to works subsequently with seamless transition between each other.
A new class of double integrals involving Generalized Hypergeometric Function 3F2
Authors: Kim Insuk
Published: February 2020

The aim of this research paper is to evaluate fifty double integrals invoving generalized hypergeometric function (25 each) in the form of\begin{align*}\int_{0}^{1}\int_{0}^{1} & x^{c-1}y^{c+\al-1} (1-x)^{\al- 1}(1-y)^{\be-1}\, (1-xy)^{c+\ell-\al-\be+1}\;\\ &\times \;{}_3F_2 \left[\begin{array}{c}a,\,\,\,\,\,b,\,\,\,\,\,2c+\ell+ 1 \\ \frac{1}{2}(a+b+i+1),\,\,2c+j \end{array}; xy\right]\,dxdy\end{align*}and\begin{align*}\int_{0}^{1}\int_{0}^{1} & x^{c+\ell}y^{c+\ell+\al} (1-x)^{\al-1}(1-y)^{\be-1}\, (1-xy)^{c- \al-\be}\;\\ &\times \;{}_3F_2 \left[\begin{array}{c}a,\,\,\,\,\,b,\,\,\,\,\,2c+\ell+ 1 \\ \frac{1}{2}(a+b+i+1),\,\,2c+j \end{array}; 1-xy\right]\,dxdy\end{align*}in the most general form for any $\ell \in \mathbb{Z}$ and $i, j = 0, \pm 1, \pm2$.The results are derived with the help of generalization of Edwards's well known double integral due to Kim, {\it et al.} and generalized classical Watson's summation theorem obtained earlier by Lavoie, {\it et al}.More than one hundred ineteresting special cases have also been obtained.
Reflexivity in HRM Research
Authors: Samul Joanna
Published: February 2020

Human resources management as a sub-discipline of social science is concerned with both researching practice and building theory. It includes scientific (epistemological) and reality (ontological) perspective. It seems that the field of HRM has become an interesting subject of methodological research because of its scientific maturity. This article is an attempt to discuss the significance of reflexivity in the research process with particular emphasis on HRM research and to answer the questions: What does reflexivity mean? What are the reflexivity techniques? How are HRM researchers reflexive? This study is based on the content analysis of the most cited articles in the field of HRM. The findings show that the majority of authors use reflexivity techniques of methods, data interpretation and results. The future direction is outlined: more research reflexivity is required.
Pengaruh dimensi kompor dan kadar air biomassa terhadap kinerja kompor gasifikasi forced draft
Authors: Zulfansyah Z , Hermanto H , Fermi Muhammad Iwan
Published: February 2020

Influence of stove dimensions and biomass moisture content on forced draft gasification stove performanceConsumption level of biomass as a source of primary energy in Indonesia is quite high, reaching 280 million barrels of oil equivalent (BOE) and approximately 84% of the biomass is has been used for the household sector. The application of gasification stove especially in cooking purposes can increase the efficiency of fuel usage. This research uses three units gasification stove with variation of stove dimension. Acacia wood branches with moisture content 7.26%, 9.63% and 12.58% were used as fuel source. Water boiling test (WBT) procedural was used to evaluate the stove performance. Operating time and flame temperature of the stove also were the parameter of stove performance evaluation. Thermal efficiency of the forced draft gasification stove is approximately 25.03% to 30.44%, the most efficient is 12 cm in diameter and 16 cm high stove with 9.63% biomass moisture content. Although the resulting flame is still reddish yellow, the forced draft gasification stove is capable of producing up to 3.43 kWth (kilowatt thermal) thermal energy with the highest flame temperature reaches 933oC. The results show that the gasification stove operating conditions greatly affect the performance of the stove.Keywords: biomass, gasification stove, forced draft, thermal efficiency AbstrakTingkat penggunaan biomassa sebagai sumber energi primer di Indonesia cukup tinggi yaitu mencapai 280 juta setara barel minyak (SBM) dan sekitar 84% dari biomassa tersebut digunakan untuk kebutuhan sektor rumah tangga. Penggunaan kompor gasifikasi untuk kebutuhan rumah tangga khususnya untuk kegiatan memasak dapat meningkatkan efisiensi penggunaan bahan bakar. Pada penelitian ini digunakan tiga unit kompor gasifikasi dengan variasi dimensi ruang bakar kompor. Sedangkan bahan bakar yang digunakan yaitu ranting kayu akasia dengan kadar air 7,26%, 9,63% dan 12,58%. Metoda pengujian mengikuti prosedur water boiling test (WBT), selain itu waktu operasi dan temperatur nyala api juga menjadi parameter kinerja kompor gasifikasi yang dievaluasi. Efisiensi termal kompor gasifikasi forced draft yang dihasilkan yaitu 25,03% hingga 30,44%, dengan efisiensi tertinggi yaitu pada kompor berdiameter 12 cm dan tinggi 16 cm serta biomassa berkadar air 9,63%. Walaupun nyala api yang dihasilkan masih berwarna kuning kemerahan, namun kompor gasifikasi forced draft mampu menghasilkan energi termal hingga 3,43 kWth (kilowatt thermal) dengan temperatur nyala api tertinggi mencapai 933oC. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi operasi kompor gasifikasi sangat berpengaruh terhadap kinerja kompor sehingga disain kondisi operasi kompor perlu disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan pengguna kompor gasifikasi. Kata kunci: biomassa, kompor gasifikasi, forced draft, efisiensi termal
Effects of energy-protein supplementation frequency on performance of primiparous grazing beef cows during pre and postpartum
Authors: Moura Felipe Henrique de , Costa Thaís Correia , Trece Aline Souza , Melo Luciano Prímola de , Manso Marcos Rocha , Paulino Mário Fonseca , Rennó Luciana Navajas , Fonseca Mozart Alves , Detmann Edenio , Gionbelli Mateus Pies , Duarte Marcio de Souza
Published: February 2020

Objective: Twenty-four pregnant Nellore primiparous grazing cows were used to evaluate the effects of energy-protein supplementation and supplementation frequency during pre (105 d before calving) and postpartum (105 d after calving) on performance and metabolic characteristics.Methods: Experimental treatments consisted of a control (no supplementation), daily supplementation (1.5 kg/d of concentrate/animal) and infrequent supplementation (4.5 kg of concentrate/animal every three days). During the pre and postpartum periods, concentrations of blood metabolites and animal performance were evaluated. Ureagenesis and energy metabolism markers were evaluated at prepartum period.Results: Supplementation frequency did not alter (p>0.10) body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), and carcass traits during pre and postpartum. The BW (p = 0.079), adjusted BW at day of parturition (p = 0.078), and ADG (p = 0.074) were greater for supplemented cows during the prepartum. The body condition score (BCS; p = 0.251), and carcass traits (p>0.10) were not affected by supplementation during prepartum. On postpartum, supplementation did not affect animal performance and carcass traits (p>0.10). The dry mater intake was not affected (p>0.10) by supplementation and supplementation frequency throughout the experimental period. Daily supplemented animals had greater (p<0.001) glucose levels than animals supplemented every three days. Supplementation and supplementation frequency did not alter (p>0.10) the levels of blood metabolites, neither the abundance of ureagenesis nor energy metabolism markers.Conclusion: In summary, our data show that the reduction of supplementation frequency does not cause negative impacts on performance and metabolic characteristics of primiparous grazing cows during the prepartum.
Genetic parameters for milk fatty acid composition of Holstein in Korea
Authors: Park Chan Hyuk , Ranaraja Umanthi , Dang Chang Gwon , Kim Jong Joo , Do Chang Hee
Published: February 2020

Objective: Milk fatty acid (FA) is a main nutritional component that markedly effects human health. Intentional modification of the FA profile has the potential to improve milk quality. This study aimed at the factors affecting elevated FA levels and the estimation of the genetic parameters for milk FAs in the Korean Holstein population.Methods: Total 885,249 repeated test-day milk records including, milk yield, saturated fatty acids (SFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), total unsaturated fatty acids (TUFA), fat and protein percentages were analyzed using CombiFoss FT+ system (Foss Analytical A/S, Denmark). Genetic parameters were estimated by the restricted maximum likelihood procedure based on the repeatability model using the Wombat program.Results: The FA profile varies along with the lactation and the energy balance (EB). With the negative EB in early lactation, mobilization of body fat reserves elevates the desirable FA levels. As a result of that, milk quality is increased by means of nutritionally and usability aspects during the early lactation. Moreover, heritability estimates for SFA, MUFA, PUFA, TUFA were 0.33, 0.42, 0.37, 0.41 respectively. According to the parity wise heritability analysis, first parity cows had relatively lower heritability for SFAs (0.19) than later parities (0.28).Conclusion: Genetic parameters indicated that FAs were under stronger genetic control. Therefore, we suggest implementing animal breeding programs towards improving the milk FA profile.
Effect of crude protein content and undegraded intake protein level on productivity, blood metabolites, carcass characteristics, and production economics of Hanwoo steers
Authors: Lee Youn Hee , Ahmadi Farhad , Lee Myun , Oh Young-Kyoon , Kwak Wan Sup
Published: February 2020

Objective: This study was designed to determine how feeding diets differing in crude protein (CP) and undegraded intake protein (UIP) levels affected productivity, blood metabolites, carcass characteristics, and the production economics of Hanwoo steers.Methods: Thirty-six Hanwoo steers (age = 8.2±0.5 mo; body weight = 254±16.1 kg) were assigned at random to one of three treatments (4 steers/pen; 3 pens/treatment): i) a low-CP diet (LP; control) containing 12.1% CP with 35.1% UIP, 12.0% CP with 36.8% UIP, and 12.9% CP with 48.8% UIP, in the growing, fattening, and finishing periods, respectively; ii) a high-CP, low-UIP diet (HPLU) containing 15.0% CP with 33.7% UIP, 14.0% CP with 35.7% UIP, and 13.1% CP with 46.7% UIP, respectively; and iii) a high-CP, high-UIP diet (HPHU) containing 15.0% CP with 45.8% UIP, 14.0% CP with 44.6% UIP, and 13.0% CP with 51.1% UIP, respectively.Results: The treatments did not affect feed intake and growth performance, except for average daily gain during the fattening period that tended to be the lowest (p = 0.08) in the HPLUfed steers. The feed CP conversion ratio over the entire feeding period was higher with high-CP diets. The treatments did not affect most blood metabolites; however, blood cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein concentrations during the fattening and finishing periods were the lowest in steers fed a HPLU diet. The treatments had negligible effects on cold carcass weight, yield traits including longissimus muscle area, backfat thickness, yield index, and yield grade, plus quality traits including meat color, fat color, texture, and maturity. However, marbling score and frequency of carcass quality grade 1++ were greater in HPHU-fed steers.Conclusion: Feeding diets with higher CP and UIP levels did not affect growth performance but tended to improve the carcass quality of Hanwoo steers, resulting in greater economic return.
Effect of Piezoelectric Filed on the Optical Properties of (311) A and (311) B Oriented InAlAs/InP Heterostructures
Authors: Smiri Badreddine , Saidi Faouzi , Maaref Hassen
Published: February 2020

InAlAs alloy was grown by MOCVD on an InP (311) substrate with different polarities. Measurements of photoluminescence (PL) and photoreflectance (PR) were performed to study the impact of the V/III flux ratio. It is discovered that the PL line was shifted to a greater energy side with the increasing excitation power density, and no saturation was observed of its related PL intensity. It is a fingerprint of type II transition emission. However, the recombination of the type II interface showed a powerful dependence on AsH3 overpressure and substrate polarity. In fact, we have noted an opposite behavior of type II energy transition shift from A to B polarity substrate in respect to V/III ratio variation. PR signals corresponding to Franz-Keldysh Oscillation (FKO) were observed. The analysis of their period has allowed one to assess the value of the PZ field in the samples. PL-luminescence measurements were performed out as a function of temperature. PL peak energy, PL intensity, and half maximum full width show anomalous behaviors. Indicating the existence of localized carriers, they were ascribed to the energy potential modulation associated with the indium cluster formation and PZ field.