bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PhaseRMiC: phase real-time microscope camera for live cell imaging
Authors: Chen Chao , Lu Yu-Nan , Huang Huachuan , Yan Keding , Jiang Zhilong , He Xiaoliang , Kong Yan , Liu Cheng , Liu Fei , Xue Liang , Wang Shouyu
Published: July 2021

We design a novel phase real-time microscope camera (PhaseRMiC) for live cell phase imaging. PhaseRMiC has a simple and cost-effective configuration only consisting of a beam splitter and a board-level camera with two CMOS imaging chips. Moreover, integrated with 3-D printed structures, PhaseRMiC has a compact size of 136×91×60 mm3, comparable to many commercial microscope cameras, and can be directly connected to the microscope side port. Additionally, PhaseRMiC can be well adopted in real-time phase imaging proved with satisfied accuracy, good stability and large field of view. Considering its compact and cost-effective device design as well as real-time phase imaging capability, PhaseRMiC is a preferred solution for live cell imaging.
Generation of transversely oriented optical polarization Möbius strips
Authors: Su Lixiu , Meng Xindong , Xiao Yu , Wan Chenhao , Zhan Qiwen
Published: July 2021

We report a time-reversal method based on the Richards-Wolf vectorial diffraction theory to generate a prescribed polarization topology on a defined trajectory within areas of relatively high intensity. An example is given to generate transversely oriented optical Möbius strips that wander around an axis perpendicular to the beam propagation direction. A number of sets of dipole antennae are purposefully positioned on a defined trajectory in the y = 0 plane and the radiation fields are collected by one high-NA objective lens. By sending the complex conjugate of the radiation fields in a time-reversed manner, the focal fields are calculated and the optical polarization topology on the trajectory can be tailored to form prescribed Möbius strips. The ability to control optical polarization topologies may find applications in nanofabrication, quantum communication, and light-matter interaction.
Temperature and initial polarization dependences of the electrooptic coefficient of BaTiO3 crystal film
Authors: Sun Na , Han Yue , Sun DeGui , Shang Hongpeng , Guo Lijun , Wu Di
Published: July 2021

In this work, the temperature dependence of polarization degree of
ferroelectric phase barium titanate (BaTiO3) film is first
modelled based on a conservation of the energy-focusing cost of a
microstructural domain cell, and then the dual dependences on both
temperature and initial polarization degree of an off-axis tensor
electrooptic coefficient (r51) is
modelled. Further, the correlation between the initial polarization
degree and the r51 is investigated based
on the correlative electrooptic and elasto-optic effects of a
perovskite crystal. With the output of theoretical models for the
attributes of r51, numerical simulations
are carried out. It was found that both the polarization degradation
of out-of-plane polarization (Pz) and the
electrooptic coefficient r51 of c-axis
oriented crystal films exhibit significant nonlinear dependences on
the initial fraction of in-plane polarization
(Px) and the working temperature.
Consequently, the temperature dependences of the measured results of
r51 with respect to the selected working
temperatures in the range of 20°C∼100°C are
consistent with the above numerical results, showing that the
out-of-plane polarization degree presents the biggest degradation in
the temperature range from 50°C to 70°C. This work
provides a valuable reference to the research and development of
high-speed electro-optic devices and applications.
Side- and similarity-biases during confidence conformity
Authors: Yue Winny W. Y. , Miyoshi Kiyofumi , Yue Wendy W. S.
Published: July 2021

Memory conformity may develop when people are confronted with distinct memories reported by others in social situations and knowingly/unknowingly adhere to these exogenous memories. Earlier research on memory conformity suggests that (1) subjects were more likely to conform to confederate with high confidence; (2) subjects with low confidence on their memory accuracy were more likely to conform, and; (3) this subjective confidence could be adjusted by social manipulations. Nonetheless, it remains unclear how the confidence levels of ours and others may interact and produce a combined effect on our degree of conformity. More importantly, is memory conformity, defined by a complete adoption of the opposite side, the result of a gradual accumulation of subtler changes at the confidence level, i.e., a buildup of confidence conformity? Here, we followed participant’s confidence transformation quantitatively over three confederate sessions in a memory test. After studying a set of human motion videos, participants had to answer simultaneously whether a target or lure video had appeared before by indicating their side (i.e., Yes/No) and their associated confidence rating. Participants were allowed to adjust their responses as they were being shown randomly-generated confederates’ answers and confidence values. Results show that participants indeed demonstrated confidence conformity. Interestingly, they tended to become committed to their side early on and gain confidence gradually over subsequent sessions. This polarizing behaviour may be explained by two kinds of preferences: (1) Participant’s confidence enhancement towards same-sided confederates was greater in magnitude compared to the decrement towards an opposite-sided confederate; and (2) Participants had the most effective confidence boost when the same-sided confederates shared similar, but not considerably different, confidence level to theirs. In other words, humans exhibit side- and similarity-biases during confidence conformity.
Illuminating the effect of beneficial blue light and ROS-modulating enzymes in Dupuytren’s disease
Authors: Jaekel Carina , Thelen Simon , Oezel Lisa , Wohltmann Marie H. , Wille Julia , Windolf Joachim , Grotheer Vera
Published: July 2021

Dupuytren’s disease (DD) is a fibroproliferative disorder of the palmar aponeurosis, which is characterized by a compound myofibrogenesis and evidenced by an increased expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). In Dupuytren’s tissue, higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are documented, stimulating the proliferation and differentiation of myofibroblasts. Our preliminary study demonstrates that α-SMA-expression is significantly inhibited by blue light irradiation in DD. The objective of this study was to investigate the beneficial effect of blue light irradiation and to elucidate the influence of ROS on myofibrogenesis in the pathogenesis of DD. Therefore, an in-vitro model of human DD fibroblasts was used. DD fibroblasts and control fibroblasts isolated from carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) were daily irradiated with 40 J/cm2(λ = 453 nm, 38 mW/cm2). Protein expression of ROS-modulating enzymes (Catalase, NOX4, SOD1, MnSOD) and α-SMA were determined, and additionally analysed after a pharmacological inhibition of the TGF-β1-signaling with SB431542. Furthermore, the protein expression of α-SMA as surrogate parameter for myofibrogenesis was evaluated after applying different concentrations of long-lasting ROS. It could be determined that the beneficial blue light irradiation, which inhibited myofibrogenesis, is mediated by a significant inhibition of catalase protein expression. This effect should be accompanied with an increased intracellular ROS level. Proof of evidence was an H2O2-application on DD fibroblasts, also leading to a decreased myofibrogenesis. Furthermore, it could be demonstrated that endogenous MnSOD was significantly downregulated in resting DD fibroblasts. If DD fibroblasts were treated with the pharmacological inhibitor SB431542, myofibrogenesis was inhibited, but MnSOD expression was simultaneously elevated, which ought to affect ROS level by raising intracellular H2O2amount. Blue light irradiation as well as the pharmacological action of SB431542 in consequence mediates their beneficial effect on disturbed myofibrogenesis in DD by further increasing ROS level. The present study demonstrates the importance of intracellular ROS homeostasis in DD and illuminates the beneficial effect of blue light as a promising therapy option for DD.
Association between monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio and tuberculin skin test positivity in HIV-positive adults
Authors: Van Ginderdeuren Eva , Bassett Jean , Hanrahan Colleen F. , Van Rie Annelies
Published: July 2021

Background

The tuberculin skin test (TST) identifies individuals at high risk of developing tuberculosis (TB) but poses many challenges. The blood monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) could be an alternative, as extremes in MLR have been associated with increased risk of TB disease.

Methods

At a primary care clinic in Johannesburg, a differential white blood cell count and TST was performed in adults starting antiretroviral treatment (ART) without symptoms suggestive of active TB.

Results

Of 259 participants, 171 had valid results of whom 30% (51/171) were TST positive and the median MLR was 0.18 (IQR 0.13–0.28). The MLR distribution differed between CD4 count categories (p < 0.01), with a broader range of values in TST negative participants with a low CD4 count (≤ 250 cells/mm3), likely reflecting HIV immunosuppression. MLR was associated with a positive TST (OR 0.78 per 0.1 increase, 95% CI 0.59, 0.97) in bivariate analysis but not in multivariate regression analysis (aOR 0.83 for every 0.1 increase, 95% CI 0.60, 1.08).

Conclusion

In ART-naïve adults without symptoms suggestive of active TB, MLR was not independently associated with TST positivity and is thus unlikely to be a useful alternative to TST. Future research should focus on development of a cheap, simple and accurate biomarker to identify those people benefiting most from preventive TB therapy.
Optimal cut-off value for detecting colorectal cancer with fecal immunochemical tests according to age and sex
Authors: Vanaclocha-Espi Mercedes , Ibáñez Josefa , Molina-Barceló Ana , Valverde-Roig María José , Nolasco Andreu , Pérez-Riquelme Francisco , de la Vega Mariola , Portillo Isabel , Salas Dolores
Published: July 2021

In the fecal immunological test, a suitable cut-off value may be selected to classify results as either positive or negative. Our aim is to estimate the optimal cut-off value for detecting colorectal cancer in different age and sex groups. This is a multicentric retrospective cohort study of participants in CRC screening programs with FIT between 2006 and 2012. A total of 545,505 participations were analyzed. Cancers diagnosed outside of the program were identified after a negative test result (IC_test) up until 2014. The Wilcoxon test was used to compare fecal hemoglobin levels. ROC curves were used to identify the optimal cut-off value for each age and sex group. Screening program results were estimated for different cut-off values. The results show that the Hb concentration was higher in colorectal cancer (average = 179.6μg/g) vs. false positives (average = 55.2μg/g), in IC_test (average = 3.1μg/g) vs. true negatives (average = 0μg/g), and in men (average = 166.2μg/g) vs. women (average = 140.2μg/g) with colorectal cancer. The optimal cut-off values for women were 18.3μg/g (50-59y) and 14.6μg/g (60-69y), and 16.8μg/g (50-59y) and 19.9μg/g (60-69y) for men. Using different cut-off values for each age and sex group lead to a decrease in the IC_test rate compared to the 20μg/g cut-off value (from 0.40‰ to 0.37‰) and an increase in the false positive rate (from 6.45% to 6.99%). Moreover, test sensitivity improved (90.7%), especially in men and women aged 50-59y (89.4%; 90%) and women aged 60-69y (90.2%). In conclusion, the optimal cut-off value varies for different sex and age groups and the use of an optimal cut-off value for each group improves sensitivity and leads to a small decrease in IC_tests, but also to a larger increase in false positives.
Online social cohesion reflects real-world group action in Syria during the Arab Spring
Authors: Chiovaro Megan , Windsor Leah C. , Windsor Alistair , Paxton Alexandra
Published: July 2021

In recent years, political activists have taken to social media platforms to rapidly reach broad audiences. Despite the prevalence of micro-blogging in these sociopolitical movements, the degree to which virtual mobilization reflects or drives real-world movements is unclear. Here, we explore the dynamics of real-world events and Twitter social cohesion in Syria during the Arab Spring. Using the nonlinear methods cross-recurrence quantification analysis and windowed cross-recurrence quantification analysis, we investigate if frequency of events of different intensities are coupled with social cohesion found in Syrian tweets. Results indicate that online social cohesion is coupled with the counts of all, positive, and negative events each day but shows a decreased connection to negative events when outwardly directed events (i.e., source events) were considered. We conclude with a discussion of implications and applications of nonlinear methods in political science research.
Ethical and practical considerations for interventional HIV cure-related research at the end-of-life: A qualitative study with key stakeholders in the United States
Authors: Kanazawa John , Gianella Sara , Concha-Garcia Susanna , Taylor Jeff , Kaytes Andy , Christensen Christopher , Patel Hursch , Ndukwe Samuel , Rawlings Stephen , Hendrickx Steven , Little Susan , Brown Brandon , Smith Davey , Dubé Karine
Published: July 2021

Background

A unique window of opportunity currently exists to generate ethical and practical considerations presented by interventional HIV cure-related research at the end-of-life (EOL). Because participants would enroll in these studies for almost completely altruistic reasons, they are owed the highest ethical standards, safeguards, and protections. This qualitative empirical ethics study sought to identify ethical and practical considerations for interventional HIV cure-related research at the EOL.

Methods and findings

We conducted 20 in-depth interviews and three virtual focus groups (N = 36) with four key stakeholder groups in the United States: 1) bioethicists, 2) people with HIV, 3) HIV care providers, and 4) HIV cure researchers. This study produced six key themes to guide the ethical implementation of interventional HIV cure-related research at the EOL: 1) all stakeholder groups supported this research conditioned upon a clearly delineated respect for participant contribution and autonomy, participant understanding and comprehension of the risks associated with the specific intervention(s) to be tested, and broad community support for testing of the proposed intervention(s); 2) to ensure acceptable benefit-risk profiles, researchers should focus on limiting the risks of unintended effects and minimizing undue pain and suffering at the EOL; 3) only well-vetted interventions that are supported by solid pre-clinical data should be tested in the EOL translational research model; 4) the informed consent process must be robust and include process consent; 5) research protocols should be flexible and adopt a patient/participant centered approach to minimize burdens and ensure their overall comfort and safety; and 6) a participant’s next-of-kin/loved ones should be a major focus of EOL research but only if the participant consents to such involvement.

Conclusions

To our knowledge, this empirical ethics study generated the first ethical and practical considerations for interventional HIV cure-related research at the EOL. The ethical complexities of such research must be considered now. We must navigate this ethical conundrum so that we are good stewards of the participants’ extremely altruistic gifts by maximizing the impact and social value of this research. We hope that this study will serve as the foundation for future research and discussion on this topic.
Production and characterization of bio-oils from fast pyrolysis of tobacco processing wastes in an ablative reactor under vacuum
Authors: Khuenkaeo Nattawut , Phromphithak Sanphawat , Onsree Thossaporn , Naqvi Salman Raza , Tippayawong Nakorn
Published: July 2021

Application of advanced pyrolysis processes to agricultural waste for liquid production is gaining great attention, especially when it is applied to an economic crop like tobacco. In this work, tobacco residues were pyrolyzed in an ablative reactor under vacuum. The maximum bio-oil yield of 55% w/w was obtained at 600°C with a particle size of 10 mm at a blade rotation speed of 10 rpm. The physical properties of the products showed that the oil produced was of high quality with high carbon, hydrogen, and calorific value. Two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometric analysis results indicated that the oils were complex mixtures of alkanes, benzene derivative groups, and nitrogen-containing compounds. In addition,13C NMR results confirmed that long aliphatic chain alkanes were evident. The alkanes were likely converted from furans that were decomposed from hemicelluloses. Ablative pyrolysis under vacuum proved to be a promising option for generating useful amount of bio-oils from tobacco residues.
Non-invasive hemoglobin measurement devices require refinement to match diagnostic performance with their high level of usability and acceptability
Authors: Young Melissa F. , Raines Kelley , Jameel Farhad , Sidi Manal , Oliveira-Streiff Shaiana , Nwajei Paula , McGlamry Katherine , Ou Jiangda , Oladele Alawode , Suchdev Parminder S.
Published: July 2021

Anemia remains an important global health problem. Inexpensive, accurate, and noninvasive solutions are needed to monitor and evaluate anemia in resource-limited settings. We evaluated the performance of multiple point-of-care hemoglobin devices, including a novel noninvasive smartphone application tested on Apple® and Android® cell phones, Masimo Pronto®, and HemoCue® Hb-301 and Hb-801, against a gold-standard hematology analyzer (reference hemoglobin) using venous blood. We examined correlations between hemoglobin devices and reference hemoglobin, device accuracy (average bias, Bland-Altman plots, clinical performance) and classification bias (sensitivity, specificity) among 299 refugees (10mo-65y) in Atlanta, GA. Semi-structured interviews (n = 19) with participants and staff assessed usability and acceptability. Mean reference hemoglobin was 13.7 g/dL (SD:1.8) with 12.5% anemia. Noninvasive hemoglobin devices were not well correlated with reference hemoglobin (Apple® R2= 0.08, Android® R2= 0.11, Masimo Pronto® R2= 0.29), but stronger correlations were reported with HemoCue® Hb-301 (R2= 0.87) and Hb-801 (R2= 0.88). Bias (SD) varied across each device: Apple®: -1.6 g/dL (2.0), Android®: -0.7 g/dL (2.0), Masimo Pronto®: -0.4 g/dL (1.6), HemoCue® Hb-301: +0.4 g/dL (0.7) and HemoCue® Hb-801: +0.2 g/dL (0.6). Clinically acceptable performance (within ± 1 g/dL of reference hemoglobin) was higher for the invasive devices (HemoCue® Hb-301: 90.3%; HemoCue® Hb-801: 93.4%) compared to noninvasive devices (Apple®: 31.5%; Android®: 34.6%; Masimo Pronto®: 49.5%). Sensitivity and specificity were 63.9% and 48.2% for Apple®, 36.1% and 67.6% for Android®, 45.7% and 85.3% for Masimo Pronto®, 54.3% and 97.6% for HemoCue® Hb-301, and 66.7% and 97.6% for HemoCue® Hb-801. Noninvasive devices were considered easy to use and were the preferred method by participants. Among the only studies to compare multiple point-of-care approaches to hemoglobin testing, the diagnostic ability of HemoCue® was comparable to reference hemoglobin, while noninvasive devices had high user acceptability but considerable biases. Improvements in noninvasive device performance and further testing in anemic populations are recommended before broader use.
The patient satisfaction in primary care consultation—Questionnaire (PiC): An instrument to assess the impact of patient-centred communication on patient satisfaction
Authors: Stark Stefanie , Worm Lukas , Kluge Marie , Roos Marco , Burggraf Larissa
Published: July 2021

Background

Primary care consultation is significantly influenced by communication between the General Practitioner (GP) and their patients. Hypothesising that patient satisfaction can be tested based on an expectation-experience comparison, the aim of this article is to discuss the influence of communication on patient satisfaction.

Methods

A standardised questionnaire was developed striving for a universal primary care survey tool that focuses on patient satisfaction in the context of patient-centred-communication. The sample consisted of 14 German GPs with 80 patients each (n = 1120). Due to the inclusion in an overarching cluster-randomised-study (CRT), the medical practices to be examined were divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention was developed as a reflective training on patient-centred communication.

Results

The results in the present sample show no correlation between patient-centred-communication and patient satisfaction. There are also no significant differences between the intervention and control group.

Discussion

The results raise the question to what extent patient satisfaction can be shaped significantly through patient-centred-communication. The presented project represents part of the basic research in general medical care research and contributes to the transparent processing of theoretical assumptions. With the results described here, communication models with a focus on patient centredness can be evaluated with regard to their practical relevance and transferability.
Improved DEMATEL-ISM integration approach for complex systems
Authors: Chen Jih-Kuang
Published: July 2021

Purpose

Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) and Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) are commonly used separately, but also may be combined per their common characteristics to identify causal relationships and hierarchical structure among factors in complex systems with a relatively small computational burden. The purpose of this study is to establish an improved DEMATEL-ISM integration approach to remedy the disadvantages of the traditional DEMATEL-ISM integration method. A case study was conducted to compare the proposed improved integration approach against the traditional integration method, and to validate its feasibility and effectiveness.

Methods

The proposed improved DEMATEL-ISM integration approach has two main parts: a threshold determination via maximum mean de-entropy (MMDE) method and an additional transitivity check process. The factors influencing China’s rural-urban floating population’s willingness to participate in social insurance was analyzed as a case study.

Results

The traditional and improved methods show notable differences in the hierarchical factor structure and the inner influence relationship among factors that they respectively reveal. The traditional integration approach results in some irrationality, while the improved approach does not.

Originality

This study confirms the importance of proper threshold determination and reachability matrix transitivity checking during DEMATEL-ISM integration. The improved approach includes a scientific threshold determination method based on the MMDE method, plus a transitivity check of the reachability matrix with necessary corrections to ensure its soundness. It can be straightforwardly operated at a relatively low computational burden while providing accurate analysis results.
Infection control, occupational and public health measures including mRNA-based vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 infections to protect healthcare workers from variants of concern: A 14-month observational study using surveillance data
Authors: Yassi Annalee , Grant Jennifer M. , Lockhart Karen , Barker Stephen , Sprague Stacy , Okpani Arnold I. , Wong Titus , Daly Patricia , Henderson William , Lubin Stan , Kim Sing Chad
Published: July 2021

Background

We evaluated measures to protect healthcare workers (HCWs) in Vancouver, Canada, where variants of concern (VOC) went from <1% VOC in February 2021 to >92% in mid-May. Canada has amongst the longest periods between vaccine doses worldwide, despite Vancouver having the highest P.1 variant rate outside Brazil.

Methods

With surveillance data since the pandemic began, we tracked laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections, positivity rates, and vaccine uptake in all 25,558 HCWs in Vancouver Coastal Health, by occupation and subsector, and compared to the general population. Cox regression modelling adjusted for age and calendar-time calculated vaccine effectiveness (VE) against SARS-CoV-2 in fully vaccinated (≥ 7 days post-second dose), partially vaccinated infection (after 14 days) and unvaccinated HCWs; we also compared with unvaccinated community members of the same age-range.

Findings

Only 3.3% of our HCWs became infected, mirroring community rates, with peak positivity of 9.1%, compared to 11.8% in the community. As vaccine coverage increased, SARS-CoV-2 infections declined significantly in HCWs, despite a surge with predominantly VOC; unvaccinated HCWs had an infection rate of 1.3/10,000 person-days compared to 0.89 for HCWs post first dose, and 0.30 for fully vaccinated HCWs. VE compared to unvaccinated HCWs was 37.2% (95% CI: 16.6–52.7%) 14 days post-first dose, 79.2% (CI: 64.6–87.8%) 7 days post-second dose; one dose provided significant protection against infection until at least day 42. Compared with community infection rates, VE after one dose was 54.7% (CI: 44.8–62.9%); and 84.8% (CI: 75.2–90.7%) when fully vaccinated.

Interpretation

Rigorous droplet-contact precautions with N95s for aerosol-generating procedures are effective in preventing occupational infection in HCWs, with one dose of mRNA vaccination further reducing infection risk despite VOC and transmissibility concerns. Delaying second doses to allow more widespread vaccination against severe disease, with strict public health, occupational health and infection control measures, has been effective in protecting the healthcare workforce.
The Polish Shakespearean stage in the post-transformational era
Authors: Kizelbach Urszula
Published: July 2021

The Shakespearean stage productions after 1989 reflected social, political and economic changes in the rapidly transforming Polish reality, which gave rise to a modern type of audience whose sensitivity was shaped by popular music, cinema, digital media and the mass culture. Contemporary Polish directors (Jan Klata, Maja Kleczewska, Grzegorz Jarzyna, Krzysztof Warlikowski) recognized that modernity and tradition can (and should) be combined onstage and that canonical texts can express new meanings in new forms. The new approach to the audience and the canon led to the development of the new aesthetics representing the ‘postdramatic theatre’. The new aesthetics gave new rights to the directors; for example, Maja Kleczewska set her Macbeth in a criminal underworld of the Polish mafia in the 1990s, imbuing her production with kitschy costumes and pop culture symbols. For the same reason, Jan Klata located his H. in the Gdansk shipyard, the birthplace of ‘Solidarity’, infusing his adaptation with the music of The Doors, Metallica and U2. In my analysis of the Polish Shakespearean stage in the post-transformational era, I offer a short overview of some key trends in dramaturgical aesthetics and the directors’ approaches to the adaptation of Shakespeare’s drama to the stage in the 1990s and 2000s. Next, I discuss in more detail the ‘postdramatic’ aesthetics of the modern Shakespeare adaptations based on the examples of two chosen artists, Maja Kleczewska and Jan Klata.
Romeo and Juliet in late-communist Poland: Deconstructing the myth of Shakespeare’s play
Authors: Fabiszak Jacek , Ratkiewicz Anna
Published: July 2021

Romeo i Julia z Saskiej Kępy (‘Romeo and Juliet from Saska Kępa’) is a Polish film from 1988, which showcases the idea(l) of true love in late-communist Warsaw. He (Leopold) is an alcohol-wasted, promising painter, she (Sabina) comes to Warsaw from the country and finds employment as a domestic help. They find their love space in a boiler-room in a ruined tenement house in the prestigious and elitist district of Saska Kępa in Warsaw. The film is an adaptation of Shakespeare’s play of sorts; although there are references to Shakespeare’s tragedy and parallels are more or less detectable, the film rather addresses the status of the play in the Polish culture of the late 1980s, in the context of the drab reality of Poland just before the transition in 1989 (not that it anticipates it). Thus, it can be possibly classified as what Sanders (2006) views as appropriation. Our aim is to explore the functioning and role of the Romeo and Juliet myth in the (popular) culture of decadent communist Poland and its treatment in Skórzewski’s film: how certain motifs from the play, especially those associated with the myth of ideal love, were developed in a modernized version of Shakespeare’s tragedy, thus reflecting certain topical problems, which the director addresses appropriating this myth. Rather than showing love between the two figures impossible due to the rivalry between two families/opposing groups, Skórzewski finds obstacles for such love in the drab reality of the late 1980s and social differences between the two lovers. The director makes them mature people, neither are they stunningly beautiful, nor living a comfortable life.
Adaptation in the digital era: The case of Robert Zemeckis’ Beowulf
Authors: Cieślak Magdalena
Published: July 2021

From fidelity discourse, through medium specificity discourse, to intertextuality and remediation approach, adaptation studies have dynamically evolved and recently have responded with particular flexibility to the advent of the digital era. Even adaptations of classical literary texts, confronting the authority of their hypotexts, have daringly broken away from their fidelity constraints and ventured onto paths facilitated by the development of new media. This article discusses Robert Zemeckis’ 2007 adaptation of Beowulf and examines this film’s potential for illustrating the manifestations of digitality in adaptation discourses. A film that did not make it (in)to the box office, and an adaptation that makes literary fans cringe, it is still a fascinating cultural intertext: a radical reinterpretation of the Old English heroic poem, a star-studded special-effect cinematic extravaganza of an adventurous director, an illustration of adaptation going remediation and an inclusive transmedia hybrid.
Hollywood remakes of British films: A case of cross-pollination
Authors: Rasmus Agnieszka
Published: July 2021

This article is an attempt at analysing Hollywood remakes and their British originals in terms of constructing and articulating their shared identity and their difference. Although the source films are considered British, they are often UK/US co-productions, made at the time of Hollywood’s active involvement in the domestic film scene during the so-called ‘Hollywood England’. This complicates neat labels not only in terms of nationality and geography but also original versus copy and points to the existence of transnational and transcultural flows already in evidence in the original works. The article focuses on genre and casting in a selection of British films from the 1960s/70s and then their Hollywood remakes in the new millennium as an example of such cross-pollination with remakes and their originals seen as hybrid works existing between two cultures and film traditions that can be accessed from both directions.
Liminal hypotext–hypertext relations in selected Shakespearean prequels, sequels and gap-fillers
Authors: Kębłowska-Ławniczak Ewa
Published: July 2021

Liminality is inherent in the adaptation process situated ‘in-between’. Proposing the ‘biological’ concept of symbiosis, David Cowart distinguishes between the ‘host’ and the ‘guest’ text. Symbiosis as a shape-shifting concept involves a two-directional adaptation process, an ‘epistemic dialogue’, where interest is in how the later text’s meaning is produced in relation to the earlier and how the overall production of meaning is affected by the hypertext. To obliterate the lines of influence, temporal distance, privilege and importance, it is possible to conceive of the relation between hypotext and the hypertextual ‘attachment’ as rhizomatic and thus to locate the ‘hypertext product’ in a region where historical genealogies either no longer matter or need to be seriously reconceptualized The article discusses the hypotext–hypertext relations in a selection of modern and postmodern adaptations by Maurice Baring, Gordon Bottomley, WTG and Elaine Feinstein and Linda Bamber, as ‘symbiotic attachments’ or rhizomatic developments whose relationship with the Shakespearean text, or rather ‘aggregate’ can be variously defined in narrative terms. I argue that texts located in the position of prologues, epilogues or separately published ‘letters’ – defined as prequels, sequels or gap-fillers and often pointing to an ontological or temporal elsewhere – can be variously defined as elements of the main text, metatexts masquerading as paratexts or framing borders and that they function as generators of meaning.
Efecto de la escucha de música activante previa a la adquisición de información visual emocional
Authors: López Morena , Justel Nadia , Diaz Abrahan Veronika
Published: July 2021

La memoria es la función cognitiva que permite a los individuos adquirir, almacenar y evocar información de acuerdo con determinados objetivos y exigencias del entorno. Diferentes agentes exógenos pueden alterar los procesos involucrados, aumentando o reduciendo la magnitud del recuerdo, proceso que se conoce como modulación. Entre ellos, las intervenciones basadas en música, de producción y percepción musical, han mostrado ser capaces de modular la fase de consolidación de la memoria. Sin embargo, la evidencia acerca de su efecto modulador en la fase de adquisición es escasa. El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar si la percepción de música activante afectaría la adquisición de contenido visual emocional y neutro en adultos jóvenes. Sesenta adultos/as jóvenes (M = 25.09, DT = 2.45) fueron divididos en tres grupos: un grupo escuchó una pieza musical clásica, otro grupo escuchó piezas musicales de preferencia personal y el grupo control escuchó ruido blanco. Cada uno de ellos fue expuesto al fragmento sonoro correspondiente, por tres minutos, e inmediatamente después las/os participantes observaron un set de 36 imágenes (emocionales y neutras), valorando la valencia (positiva, negativa o neutra) y el nivel de activación generado por cada una de ellas (en una escala del 0 al 9). Posteriormente, se evaluó la memoria para las imágenes a través de dos tareas (recuerdo libre y reconocimiento) de manera inmediata a la adquisición y luego de un período de siete días (medida diferida). Los resultados indicaron que la percepción musical implementada de manera previa a la adquisición de contenido visual no alteró su recuerdo. En contraste con los antecedentes, estos hallazgos demuestran que las intervenciones basadas en percepción musical tienen efectos diferenciales en las fases de la formación de la traza mnémica, lo que aporta especificidad a la temática y brinda evidencia para aquellas disciplinas que utilizan la música como recurso en salud y educación.
Arcabouço teórico dos estudos de inovação: tendências e oportunidades
Authors: Sehnem Simone , Junges Ivone , Martins Cristina , Julkovsky Dulcimar José , Kuzma Edson , Campos Lucila M.S.
Published: July 2021

Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar as publicações pregressas de inovação tendo em vista o tipo de inovação que estudam, barreiras à adoção/implementação, os facilitadores, atores envolvidos e os setores investigados. Foi conduzida uma revisão sistemática de literatura seguindo protocolo de pesquisa anteriormente validado. As evidências mapeadas mostram que há uma concentração de estudos voltados para inovações de processos e organizacionais, e constatamos que seus facilitadores e barreiras impactam sua plena implementação. Notavelmente, neste contexto, os stakeholders e os recursos tecnológicos são elementos essenciais para apoiar a adesão às inovações. A sustentabilidade é o contexto em que as inovações têm sido implementadas de forma mais intensa por meio de diferentes práticas, ferramentas e tecnologias associadas. Os aceleradores de inovações e as sinergias que criam são componentes essenciais para o sucesso das inovações. A partir desse panorama, foram criadas cinco propostas que sinalizam caminhos potenciais e promissores de pesquisa científica para o tema inovação.
Gamificação na Engenharia de Produção: aplicação das ferramentas do lean manufacturing em um laboratório de ensino e experimentação
Authors: Silva Wagner Dorneles da
Published: July 2021

Em virtude de um mercado com alta variabilidade e cada vez mais competitivo, a necessidade de ferramentas que possibilitem o aumento de produtividade e também a eliminação dos desperdícios vem se tornando foco principal nos últimos tempos. Estas ferramentas passaram a se tornar populares no século XIX através do Sistema Toyota de Produção ou lean manufacturing, e foram tomando tamanha proporção que passaram aser tema predominante de disciplinasnas universidades domundo inteiro. A fim de sair das apresentações convencionais sobre como é possível reduzir custos e melhorar processos através de ferramentas simples, este artigo tem por sua finalidade aplicar, naforma de gamificação, a abordagem dediversas ferramentasdo lean, através de uma linha de produção de brinquedos com peças de encaixe em um ambiente de aprendizagem na Universidade do Vale do Rio do Sinos -UNISINOS.
Reinigungsarbeit zwischen Professionalisierung und ökonomischem Druck
Authors: Clement Ute , Yalçın Serhat
Published: July 2021

Betrachtet man die Beschäftigtenzahlen, so ist die Gebäudereinigung mit fast 700.000 Beschäftigten das größte Handwerk Deutschlands. Auch deshalb ist die Frage, welche Chance Professionalisierungsbestrebungen in diesem Bereich haben, von hoher Bedeutung. Als Zwischenergebnis unseres Forschungsprojekts „Arbeitsfelder der Ankunft“ (gefördert von der Hans-BöcklerStiftung) beschreiben wir sektorale Veränderungen und kontrastieren sie mit zentralen Merkmalen der Beruflichkeit, um zu zeigen, wie Liberalisierungstendenzen im Handwerk, hoher Kostendruck und Schwächen hinsichtlich des beruflichen Selbstverständnisses Professionalisierungsprozesse behindern.
Simply transitive NIL-affine actions of solvable Lie groups
Authors: Deré Jonas , Origlia Marcos
Published: July 2021

Every simply connected and connected solvable Lie group 𝐺 admits a simply transitive action on a nilpotent Lie group 𝐻 via affine transformations.
Although the existence is guaranteed, not much is known about which Lie groups 𝐺 can act simply transitively on which Lie groups 𝐻.
So far, the focus was mainly on the case where 𝐺 is also nilpotent, leading to a characterization depending only on the corresponding Lie algebras and related to the notion of post-Lie algebra structures.
This paper studies two different aspects of this problem.
First, we give a method to check whether a given action

ρ
:

G
→

Aff
⁡

(
H
)

\rho\colon G\to\operatorname{Aff}(H)

is simply transitive by looking only at the induced morphism

φ
:

g
→

aff
⁡

(
h
)

\varphi\colon\mathfrak{g}\to\operatorname{aff}(\mathfrak{h})

between the corresponding Lie algebras.
Secondly, we show how to check whether a given solvable Lie group 𝐺 acts simply transitively on a given nilpotent Lie group 𝐻, again by studying properties of the corresponding Lie algebras.
The main tool for both methods is the semisimple splitting of a solvable Lie algebra and its relation to the algebraic hull, which we also define on the level of Lie algebras.
As an application, we give a full description of the possibilities for simply transitive actions up to dimension 4.
Design and implementation of OLT switching function in 40/10G TDM-PON experimental system
Authors: Han Juntao , Yang Rongchuan , Tang Chaosheng
Published: July 2021

The access network is developing towards large capacity, wide-coverage, and low delay, which puts forward higher requirements for network structure and data exchange performance of optical access network equipment. In this paper, we have designed a high-speed optical network device with 40/10G TDM-PON. To effectively solve the problem of network switching capability in high-speed data transmission, we propose a low delay large capacity switching algorithm, which minimizes the network switching delay. We model the network by integer linear programming and simulate the network based on OMNeT++. The simulation results show that the algorithm can effectively solve the problem of network switching delay in the high-speed network environment.
Tunable nonlinear optical responses of few-layer graphene through lithium intercalation
Authors: Zhang Chenxi , Zeng Ganying , Zhang Renyan , Tang Yuxiang , Liu Qirui , Jiang Tian
Published: July 2021

Intercalation has been demonstrated to be a powerful tool for tuning the physical and chemical properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials, providing the highest possible doping level and an ideal system to study various electronic states. In this work, we demonstrate that the nonlinear absorption effect of few-layer graphene (about 6–8 layers) is changed from saturable absorption (SA) to reverse saturable absorption (RSA) after lithium intercalation. This is attributed to the increase of Fermi energy owing to the charge transfer from Li to graphene layers in intercalated compounds (LiC6). And the change of nonlinear absorption effect is revisable after deintercalation. In addition, the modulation depth of RSA in lithiated graphene is found to rise with the decrease of incident laser wavelength, different from that of pristine graphene. Besides, the dispersion relationships of degenerate and nondegenerate two-photon absorption are analyzed from the results of nonlinear absorption and transient dynamics of lithiated graphene, indicating the 1.91–2.21 eV upshift of the Fermi surface. Our findings of the intercalation-tunable nonlinear optical absorption effect pave the way for the construction of nonlinear optical devices based on 2D intercalation compounds.
Obsidian from the Neolithic Layers of “Grotta di San Michele Arcangelo di Saracena” (Cosenza), Italy. A Preliminary Report
Authors: Forgia Vincenza , Tykot Robert H. , Vianello Andrea , Natali Elena
Published: July 2021

The paper presents the results obtained by techno-typological analysis of a lithic assemblage from the Neolithic layers of Grotta San Michele Arcangelo di Saracena (Cosenza) together with the results of micro-wear analysis obtained from a preliminary selection of obsidian artifacts with different provenances distinguished by pXRF analysis. The site provides one of the best preserved Neolithic sequences in the area, from the earliest Impressed Wares (or Impresse Arcaiche) (early sixth millennium BC) to the Spatarella pottery style (end fifth – early fourth millennium BC). Along the Neolithic sequence, it is possible to observe some major changes within lithic resources management. In particular, it is possible to notice some techno-typological breakages between the Early Neolithic and the further stages, until the second phase of the Late Neolithic, when another rupture, corresponding to the Spatarella facies, is evident.
Religion nach der Aufklärung
Authors: Reinhard Wolfgang
Published: July 2021

Dieser Beitrag zeichnet die Umdeutung von Religion und Transzendenz seit der Aufklärung nach und zeigt den damit verbundenen Macht- wie Plausibilitätsverlust des Christentums. Zwar gehört die Religion anthropologisch zum Menschen, jedoch ist sie seit der Aufklärung auf dem Rückzug. Dieser generelle Weg kann als Weg weg von der institutionalisierten Religion hin zur religiösen Praxis gezeichnet werden: Orthopraxie statt Orthodoxie. So wurde einerseits der Wahrheitsanspruch der (christlichen) Religion delegitimiert und somit unplausibel, als auch die Vorstellung Gottes, also der Transzendenz, immer immanenter und wirkungsloser wurde.

„Erscheinung des Herrn“ [!] 2019, Saarbrücken 19.03.2019
Populäre Erleuchtung oder: Im Wirkungsfeld von Aufklärung und buddhistischem Modernismus
Authors: Renger Almut-Barbara
Published: July 2021

„Erleuchtung“ ist einer der prominentesten Begriffe, mit dem in der europäischen Kultur- und Religionsgeschichte Ideen der Vervollkommnung des Menschen zum Ausdruck gebracht worden sind. Anhand ausgewählter Beispiele umreißt das vorliegende Papier seine Entwicklung von einer Metapher in der griechischen Philosophie hin zu einem transkonfessionellen Sammelbegriff, der im Zuge der Pluralisierung von Religionen seit den 1960er Jahren eine Konjunktur in neuen, durch Markt und Medien allgemein zugänglichen Sinnstiftungsangeboten der „populären Religion“ (Knoblauch) erfahren hat. In einer Tour d’horizon, die bei Platon einsetzt und über Clemens von Alexandrien und Ps.-Dionysios Areopagita ins 18. Jahrhundert sowie in die Gegenwart führt, wird gezeigt, wie sich Vorstellungen von Licht und Erleuchtung und die Rede hierüber zu einem religiösen Begriff verdichtet haben, der über lange Zeit einen Ort im Christentum hatte, bevor er, begünstigt durch die Aufklärung, zu einer populären Kategorie wurde, die vor allem mit asiatischen, oder zumindest asiatisch inspirierten, Praktiken zur Erlangung von Heil in Verbindung gebracht wird. Der Beitrag rückt bei der Darstellung dieser Entwicklung in der Moderne Auswirkungen der Aufklärung in den Blick sowie asiatisch-euroamerikanische Beziehungsdynamiken der europäischen Kolonialzeit, die zur Entdeckung des Buddhismus als Religion führten. Haben diese doch maßgeblich dazu beigetragen, dass Erleuchtung im gegenwärtigen populären Verständnis, wie es sich beispielhaft in der sog. Satsang-Bewegung und populär-religiöser Erzähl- und Ratgeberliteratur findet, nicht mehr, wie in der neoplatonischchristlichen Prägung des Begriffs, als Zwischenstufe auf einem Weg zur Vervollkommnung gilt, sondern als Ziel und bleibender Besitz, der mit Vollendung assoziiert wird
Religiöse Praxis als Inszenierung des Unverfügbaren
Authors: Wagner-Rau Ulrike
Published: July 2021

Ein christlich-religiöses Verständnis des Lebens ist eng verbunden mit dem Bewusstsein der Grenzen eigener Möglichkeiten bzw. einer spezifischen Verarbeitung des Scheiterns am Vollkommenheitsideal. Dieses Wissen ist nicht nur eine Überzeugung, sondern es wird in der Gestalt vielfältiger Praktiken inkorporiert und verinnerlicht. Der Aufsatz entfaltet diesen Zusammenhang am Beispiel der protestantischen Bestattungskultur in Geschichte und Gegenwart.
Perfektion durch Evolution?
Authors: Imai Yasuo
Published: July 2021

Die Naturalistische Auffassung der Pädagogik scheint unaufhaltsam voranzuschreiten, wie es an der globalen Tendenzen der „learnification“ der Erziehung ablesbar ist. Naturalistische Ansätze hinterlassen in der Pädagogik sichtlich widersprüchliche Konsequenzen: die Hervorhebung der vorbestimmten und der plastischen Merkmale der menschlichen Natur und ferner die Hervorhebung der aktiven und der rezeptiven Seiten der menschlichen Plastizität. Um die komplizierte Beziehungsstruktur dieser doppelten Beidseitigkeit zu erläutern, wird auf die geschichtliche Ursprungsphase der pädagogischen Auseinandersetzungen mit dem Naturalismus zurückgegriffen: eine Auseinandersetzung mit der Evolutionstheorie in der Pädagogik in der zweiten Hälfte des 19. und am Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts