bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cyclic voltammetry to study kinetics of blast furnace slag and cerium dioxide modified electrode
Authors: Mourya Arti , Sinha Sudip K. , Mazumdar Bidyut
Published: October 2021

The use of a voltammetric sensor to measure hazardous elements has gotten a lot of coverage. The electrochemical sensor in this study was modified with cerium dioxide (CeO2) and blast furnace slag (BFS), which opens up new possibilities for improving the electrocatalytic properties of the fabricated sensor. In general chemical kinetics or mass transport can restrict the reactions involved in electrochemical detection. The prepared electrodes were tested against potassium ferricyanide, K3Fe(CN)6 solution by cyclic voltammetry. Cyclic voltammetry was used to investigate the chemical reactions involve during redox process. The electron transfer kinetics, chemical rate constant, and diffusion characteristics of reactions can all be extracted using this method. Further this sensor was applied in the detection of lead and copper ions in aqueous solution. The results show that the redox reaction is a one-electron transfer mechanism with high selectivity and sensitivity. The value of transfer coefficient (α) for the electrode reaction was calculated as 0.61. Also the calculated heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant (Ks) of the modified electrode was 2.41.
Removal of iron and sulphate during acid mine drainage treatment using laboratory successive alkalinity producing system and its behavioural relationship
Authors: Patel Murlidhar , Jade Ravi K. , Dewangan Pankaj K. , Dash Ashish K. , Kaushik Anupam K.
Published: October 2021

Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) is one of the persistent water pollution problems in many coal mines of U.S.A. and Canada. Only few mines in India face this problem. The treatment of acid mine water has become a statutory requirement in almost all mines of the world. Metal removal and alkalinity generation is essential feature of any AMD treatment system but sulphate removal from acid mine drainage is still given the secondary importance. In the present study, four AMDs were treated in laboratory Successive Alkalinity Producing System (SAPS) for five different hydraulic retention times (HRT). The total iron removal and corresponding sulphate removal along with net alkalinity generation were studied during AMD treatment process by SAPS. A complete removal of total iron and sulphate removal of over 59% have been achieved. The study revealed that the total iron removal and sulphate removal increases with increase in HRT and its removal exhibited linear relationship. A substantial increase in alkalinity was also found after SAPS treatment. The findings of the study can be utilized in design of SAPS for removal of iron and sulphate during treatment of AMD in mining areas.
Evaluating the impact of doping concentration on the performance of in-band pumped thulium-doped fiber amplifiers
Authors: Khamis Mustafa A.
Published: October 2021

This study is to investigate the impact of thulium concentration on the performance of in-band pumped thulium-doped silica fiber amplifiers with considering ion–ion interactions. Due to the fluorescence quenching in silica glass, the fluorescence lifetimes are required to compute at every Tm concentration. The theoretical model of fluorescence decay curves at in-band pumped thulium-doped silica fiber is used to determine the fluorescence lifetimes of the 3F4 and 3H4 levels. The calculated lifetimes of the commercially available thulium-doped silica fiber are 650 µs for 3F4 level and 14 µs for 3H4 level and these results are consentient well with the experimental reported results. The theoretical evaluating of the amplifier performance shows that the gain amplifier reduces with concentration increase because of the impact of both fluorescence quenching and the reverse cross-relaxation process. Thus, in contrast to pumping wavelength at 790 nm, there are negative effects of the high doping concentration of Tm ions on the amplifier performance at the in-band pumping scheme.
Efficacy of osteopathic manipulative treatment in patients with Parkinson’s disease: a narrative review
Authors: Li Raymond , Jose Ann , Poon Jessica , Zou Cindy , Istafanos Maria , Yao Sheldon C.
Published: October 2021

Context

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease that leads to impaired motor and non-motor function in patients. PD is non-curative and gradually reduces quality of life, leading patients to seek treatment for symptom management. Osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) applies the biomechanical, neurologic, circulatory, metabolic, and psychosocial models in approaching and treating the major symptomatology of PD patients.

Objectives

This article evaluates the literature published in the past 10 years analyzing evidence on OMT and its functional application on gait, balance, motor function, bradykinesia, and autonomic dysfunctions, and to identify promising avenues for further investigation.

Methods

The authors obtained studies from the research databases MEDLINE/PubMed, ScienceDaily, and EBSCO, as well as the Journal of American Osteopathic Association’s published archives. Searches were conducted in December 2020 utilizing the search phrases “OMM” (osteopathic manipulative medicine), “OMT,” “osteopathic,” “Parkinson Disease,” “manual therapy,” “physical therapy,” “training,” “autonomics,” “gait,” and “balance.” Articles published between 2010 and 2021 including subjects with Parkinson’s disease and the use of OMT or any other form of manual therapy were included. Five authors independently performed literature searches and methodically resolved any disagreements over article selection together.

Results

There were a total of 10,064 hits, from which 53 articles were considered, and five articles were selected based on the criteria.

Conclusions

The progressive nature of PD places symptom management on the forefront of maintaining patients’ quality of life. OMT has demonstrated the greatest efficacy on managing motor-related and neurologic symptoms and assists in treating the greater prevalence of somatic dysfunctions that arise from the disease. Research in this field remains limited and should be the target of future research.
C-reactive protein levels associated with COVID-19 outcomes in the United States
Authors: Lentner Jacob , Adams Taylor , Knutson Valene , Zeien Sarah , Abbas Hassan , Moosavi Ryan , Manuel Chris , Wallace Thomas , Harmon Adam , Waters Richard , Ledford Samuel , Vijayakrishnan Rajakrishnan , Jagan Nikhil , Falluji Nezar , DelCore Michael , Bay Curt , Jhamnani Sunny
Published: October 2021

Context

COVID-19 caused a worldwide pandemic, and there are still many uncertainties about the disease. C-reactive protein (CRP) levels could be utilized as a prognosticator for disease severity in COVID-19 patients.

Objectives

This study aims to determine whether CRP levels are correlated with COVID-19 patient outcomes and length of stay (LoS).

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted utilizing data obtained between March and May 2020. Data were collected by abstracting past medical records through electronic medical records at 10 hospitals within CommonSpirit Health. Patients were included if they had a positive COVID-19 test from a nasopharyngeal swab sample, and if they were admitted and then discharged alive or had in-hospital mortality and were ≥18 years. A total of 541 patients had CRP levels measured and were included in this report. Patient outcome and LoS were the endpoints measured.

Results

The 541 patients had their CRP levels measured, as well as the demographic and clinical data required for analysis. While controlling for body mass index (BMI), number of comorbidities, and age, the first CRP was significantly predictive of mortality (p<0.001). The odds ratio for first CRP indicates that for each one-unit increase in CRP, the odds of death increased by 0.007. For LoS, the first CRP was a significant predictor (p<0.001), along with age (p=0.002). The number of comorbidities also predicted LoS (p=0.007), but BMI did not. The coefficient for the first CRP indicates that, for each one-unit increase in CRP, LoS increased 0.003 days.

Conclusions

The results indicate that there is a positive correlation between the CRP levels of COVID-19 patients and their respective outcomes with regard to death and LoS.
The Death of Mani in Retrospect
Authors: O’Farrell Matthew
Published: October 2021

The execution of the prophet Mani (c. 216-273) by the Sasanian king Bahram I (r. 271-274) received sharply different treatments in the historiography of three of the confessional groups of the Sasanian empire. Variously a persecuted prophet, a blasphemous lunatic or a sinister heresiarch the representations of this moment sought to establish its meaning in the context of communal narratives predicated on the claims of sacred history. Despite this, it is notable that Manichean, Christian and Perso-Arabic accounts clearly share features. This indicates not only that Mani’s death became a site of competition between the constituent groups of the Sasanian empire, but that the internal historiographies of these groups were in some sense entwined, or at least sensitive to the historical claims made by their opponents. This is particularly relevant in the case of the Perso-Arabic narrative. This version, which almost certainly descends from a priestly Zoroastrian source, presents a picture of a confident priesthood stiffening the spine of a wavering king. It is contended that the source of this story was composed as a counterstrike in a historical debate in which Christian and Manichean authors had successfully propagated an image of Bahram’s court as religiously tepid and his priests as slanderers or non-entities. That such an intervention was required signals a disjuncture between early and late forms of Sasanian ideology. Moreover, it presents more evidence in support of theories of a late and deliberate construction of Zoroastrian “orthodoxy”.
Natural Disasters and Time: Non-eschatological Perceptions of Earthquakes in Late Antique and Medieval Historiography
Authors: Bergmeier Armin F.
Published: October 2021

This contribution analyzes the rhetoric surrounding natural disasters in historiographic sources, challenging our assumptions about the eschatological nature of late antique and medieval historical consciousness. Contrary to modern expectations, a large number of late antique and medieval sources indicate that earthquakes and other natural disasters were understood as signs from God, relating to theophanic encounters or divine wrath in the present time. Building on recent research on premodern concepts of time and historical consciousness, the article underscores the fact that eschatological models of time and history-that is, the relentless linear, teleological progression of time towards the End of Days-was not how premodern people perceived the relationship between past, present, and future. The textual evidence presented here is supported by a fragmented and littleknown illuminated historiographic text, the Ravennater Annalen, housed today in the cathedral library in Merseburg. This copy of a sixth-century illustrated calendar from Ravenna contains unique depictions of earthquakes in the form of giants breathing fire. Like the textual sources, this visual document should not be read as a premonition of the End of Days, rather it visualizes the belief that divine agency and wrath caused natural disasters.
Ultrahigh-Q system of a few coaxial disks
Authors: Pichugin Konstantin , Sadreev Almas , Bulgakov Evgeny
Published: October 2021

Resonant modes of high contrast dielectric disk have finite Q-factors in the subwavelength range due to radiation leakage into the surrounding space. That leakage can be reduced considerably (a few times) by exploiting of the mechanism of destructive interference of two modes for avoided crossing of resonances (ACR) (Rybin et al. M. V. Rybin, K. L. Koshelev, Z. F. Sadrieva, et al., “High-Q Supercavity Modes in Subwavelength Dielectric Resonators,” Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 119, p. 243901, 2017.). In the present paper we report suppression of radiation leakage by a few orders in magnitude via the ACR in the structure of three and four different coaxial disks. For fine multi-scale tuning of disks we reveal the ultrahigh-Q resonances of order 105 for the case of three disks and of order 106 for the case of four coaxial disks of equal radii.
Mechanical performance of aerated concrete and its bonding performance with glass fiber grille
Authors: Li Zhenfang , Gao Dong , Wu Chuanji , Lv Guoqing , Liu Xin , Zhai Haoran , Huang Zhanfang
Published: October 2021

This paper studied the mechanical performance of aerated concrete and its bonding performance with glass fiber grille, and explores the influence of aluminum powder and aluminum powder on mechanical performance and bonding performance. The results showed that the compressive strength of aerated concrete decreased with the increase of aluminum powder content, while it first increased and then decreased with the increase of ferrosilicon alloy powder content. The failure modes of specimens were fiber fracture failure, and the fibers were not pulled out from the aerated concrete. It can provide a theoretical basis for the application of aerated concrete and glass fiber in engineering.
Impact of temperature dependent viscosity and thermal conductivity on MHD blood flow through a stretching surface with ohmic effect and chemical reaction
Authors: Sharma Bhupendra K. , Kumawat Chandan
Published: October 2021

A study has been carried for a viscous, incompressible electrically conducting MHD blood flow with temperature-dependent thermal conductivity and viscosity through a stretching surface in the presence of thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, and chemical reaction. The flow is subjected to a uniform transverse magnetic field normal to the flow. The governing coupled partial differential equations are converted into a set of non-linear ordinary differential equations (ODE) using similarity analysis. The resultant non-linear coupled ordinary differential equations are solved numerically using the boundary value problem solver (bvp4c) in MATLAB with a convincible accuracy. The effects of the physical parameters such as viscosity parameter

(

μ
(

T
˜

b

)

)

\left({\mu ({{\tilde T}_b})} \right)

, permeability parameter (β), magnetic field parameter (M), Local Grashof number (Gr) for thermal diffusion, Local modified Grashof number for mass diffusion (Gm), the Eckert number (Ec), the thermal conductivity parameter

(

K
(

T
˜

b

)

)

\left({K({{\tilde T}_b})} \right)

on the velocity, temperature, concentration profiles, skin-friction coefficient, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number are presented graphically. The physical visualization of flow parameters that appeared in the problem is discussed with the help of various graphs to convey the real life application in industrial and engineering processes. A comparison has been made with previously published work and present study revels the good agreement with the published work. This study will be helpful in the clinical healing of pathological situations accompanied by accelerated circulation.
Spatiotemporal coordination in word-medial stop-lateral and s-stop clusters of American English
Authors: Lialiou Maria , Sotiropoulou Stavroula , Gafos Adamantios I.
Published: October 2021

This paper is concerned with the relation between syllabic organization and intersegmental spatiotemporal coordination using Electromagnetic Articulometry recordings from seven speakers of American English (henceforth, English). Whereas previous work on English has focused on word-initial clusters (preceding a vowel whose identity was not systematically varied), the present work examined word-medial clusters /pl, kl, sp, sk/ in the context of three different vowel heights (high, mid, low). Our results provide evidence for a global organization for the segments involved in these cluster-vowel combinations. This is reflected in a number of ways: compression of the prevocalic consonant and reduction of CV timing in the word-medial cluster case compared to its singleton paired word in both stop-lateral and s-stop clusters, early vowel initiation (as permitted by the clusters’ phonetic properties), and presence of compensatory relations between phonetic properties of different segments or intersegmental transitions within each cluster. In other words, we find that the global organization presiding over the segments partaking in these word-medial tautosyllabic CCVs is pleiotropic, that is, simultaneously expressed in multiple phonetic exponents rather than via a privileged metric such as c-center stability or any other such given single measure employed in previous works.
Effect of annealing temperature on the interface state density of n-ZnO nanorod/p-Si heterojunction diodes
Authors: Faraz Sadia Muniza , Jafri Syed Riaz un Nabi , Khan Hashim Raza , Shah Wakeel , Alvi Naveed ul Hassan , Wahab Qamar ul , Nur Omer
Published: October 2021

The effect of post-growth annealing treatment of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods on the electrical properties of their heterojunction diodes (HJDs) is investigated. ZnO nanorods are synthesized by the low-temperature aqueous solution growth technique and annealed at temperatures of 400 and 600°C. The as-grown and annealed nanorods are studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Electrical characterization of the ZnO/Si heterojunction diode is done by current–voltage (I–V) and capacitance–voltage (C–V) measurements at room temperature. The barrier height (ϕ
B), ideality factor (n), doping concentration and density of interface states (N
SS) are extracted. All HJDs exhibited a nonlinear behavior with rectification factors of 23, 1,596 and 309 at ±5 V for the as-grown, 400 and 600°C-annealed nanorod HJDs, respectively. Barrier heights of 0.81 and 0.63 V are obtained for HJDs of 400 and 600°C-annealed nanorods, respectively. The energy distribution of the interface state density has been investigated and found to be in the range 0.70 × 1010 to 1.05 × 1012 eV/cm2 below the conduction band from E
C = 0.03 to E
C = 0.58 eV. The highest density of interface states is observed in HJDs of 600°C-annealed nanorods. Overall improved behavior is observed for the heterojunctions diodes of 400°C-annealed ZnO nanorods.
Herausforderungen für die Außenwirtschaftspolitik und die Wirtschaftspolitik im Inland
Authors: Grüner Hans Peter
Published: October 2021

Hans Peter Grüner benennt wichtige Herausforderungen für die Wirtschaftspolitik der kommenden Legislaturperiode. Er plädiert für eine strategisch angelegte Außenwirtschaftspolitik, die enger als bisher mit einer gemeinsamen europäischen Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik abgestimmt wird. Sie in dieser Form nach innen und außen schlüssig zu kommunizieren, sei im Umgang mit wirtschaftlich erstarkenden Oligarchien außen- und wirtschaftspolitisch von Nutzen. Zu den strategisch relevanten Themen gehörten insbesondere die Regulierung und Besteuerung von Netzwerken und Intermediären sowie die Energieversorgung.
Moderne Klimapolitik und nachhaltiges Wachstum
Authors: Krebs Tom
Published: October 2021

Die traditionelle Klimapolitik legt den Fokus auf das Setzen eines einheitlichen CO2-Preises als zentrales Instrument zum Erreichen der Klimaziele. Eine moderne Klimapolitik hingegen erweitert die staatlichen Handlungsspielräume und rückt die Infrastruktur- und Industriepolitik in den Mittelpunkt. Die traditionelle Klimapolitik läuft Gefahr zu scheitern, weil sie in der Praxis einen Widerspruch zwischen Klimaschutz und Wohlstand erzeugt. Nur eine moderne Klimapolitik kann Klimaschutz und Wohlstand miteinander verknüpfen, indem sie die Grundlage für ökologisch nachhaltiges Wachstum schafft. Moderne Klimapolitik ist eine gesellschaftlich optimale Politik, weil heterogene Anpassungskosten, makroökonomische Risiken und natürliche Monopole in der Realität eine wichtige Rolle spielen. Ein großvolumiges Wasserstoffpaket des Bundes mit zusätzlichen Klimainvestitionen von 100 Mrd. Euro bis 2030 ist Teil einer modernen Klimapolitik und lässt sich im Rahmen der Schuldenbremse ohne nennenswerte Einengung der finanziellen Spielräume verwirklichen.
Effects of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonist on fasting model applied neuron cultures
Authors: Pınarbaşı Arzu , Pak Meltem , Kolay Murat , Öz Arslan Devrim , Aksungar Fehime Benli
Published: October 2021

Objectives

Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonists used for the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus (DM), has important roles on the regulation of metabolism including ketogenesis in fasting and low glucose states. Recently PPARγ was proven to have anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on neuronal cells.

Methods

In the present study, effects of pioglitazone (PPARγ agonist) on cell survival, energy metabolism and mitochondrial functions were investigated in glucose deprived fasting model applied SH-SY5Y (ATCC/CRL 2266) cell lines. Before and after pioglitazone treatment; energy metabolites (glucose, lactate, ketone (βOHB), lactate dehydrogenase activity), mitochondrial citrate synthase activity and cell viability were investigated.

Results and Conclusions

PPARγ agonist addition to glucose deprived, ketone added neurons provided positive improvements in energy metabolites (p<0.01), mitochondrial functions (p<0.001) and survival rates (p<0.01). Changes in mitochondrial citrate synthase activity, lactate and LDH levels of neuronal cells treated with PPARγ agonist have not been previously shown. Our results suggest, pioglitazone as an effective alternative for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases especially with the presence of ketone bodies. By clarifying the mechanisms of PPARγ agonists, a great contribution will be made to the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Multi-condition design optimization of groove flow control technique in an axial-flow pump
Authors: Li Jinghong , Zhang Rui , Xu Hui , Feng Jiangang
Published: October 2021

To address the limitations of conventional groove designs in groove flow control technique, this paper optimizes the groove flow control technique for an axial-flow pump combining the design of experiment (DOE), response surface methodology (RSM), and particle swarm optimization (PSO). The sample space is designed using a combination method (OD-LHS) of orthogonal design (OD) and Latin hypercube sampling (LHS). Performance prediction models for the axial-flow pump are established using RSM. Taking the multi-condition comprehensive evaluation function as the final optimization objective, PSO is used to find the optimum groove parameters. The results show that the proposed method is effective in solving multi-condition optimization problems for grooves in axial-flow pumps. The optimal groove length, depth, and distance from the center of the impeller are 0.8, 0.05, and 0.2 times the impeller diameter, respectively, and the number is three times the number of blades. In addition, the optimal grooves effectively improve the hydraulic performance of the axial-flow pump under stall conditions. This study sheds light on the design optimization of the groove flow control technique for axial-flow pumps and other types of hydraulic machinery.
Inward and outward dust acoustic cylindrical and spherical waves interaction in four-component dusty plasma with nonthermal ions
Authors: Ghosh Uday Narayan , Chatterjee Prasanta , Kaur Barjinder
Published: October 2021

A theoretical investigation by an all-inclusive adaptation of the PLK strategy is carried out in order to study the inward and outward interaction between two cylindrical and spherical dust acoustic solitary waves (DASWs) in an unmagnetized dusty plasma consisting of nonthermal distributed ions, negatively and positively charged dust grains along with electrons featuring Boltzmann’s distribution. The interactions and collisions between two cylindrical and spherical geometries at different time scales are studied. Also the combined effects of the nonthermality of ions, ion to electron temperature ratio as well as mass ratio of positive to negative dust grains have been studied in detail on the phase shifts raised due to collision. It has been seen that the properties of the cooperation of DASWs in cylindrical and spherical shaped are distinct.
CO2-Bepreisung und soziale Ungleichheit in Deutschland
Authors: Gründinger Wolfgang , Bendling Lena , Creutzig Felix , Hagedorn Gregor , Kemfert Claudia , Neumärker Bernhard , Praetorius Barbara , Tvrtković Mario
Published: October 2021

Die Bekämpfung der Klimakrise kann mit Maßnahmen gegen Armut und soziale Ungleichheit Hand in Hand gehen. Für Deutschland zeigen viele gängige Konzepte, dass Klimaschutz und sozialer Ausgleich für Privathaushalte verbunden werden können, sodass gerade finanzschwache Haushalte in Summe netto finanziell profitieren können. Ein Beispiel ist die Bepreisung von CO2 und anderen Treibhausgasen, um eine Lenkungswirkung zu einer kohlenstoffarmen Wirtschaft zu entfalten. Diese belastet zwar die Verbraucher:innen, führt aber auch zu staatlichen Einnahmen. Werden die Einnahmen aus höheren CO2-Preisen benutzt, um eine Klimaprämie pro Kopf an alle Bürger:innen auszuzahlen, dann profitieren ärmere Menschen sogar, während die gewünschte Lenkungswirkung erhalten bleibt. Eine solche Pro-Kopf-Klimaprämie kann in mehreren Varianten umgesetzt werden. Ein Teil der Einnahmen oder die Umwidmung anderer politischer Maßnahmen könnte beispielsweise das Angebot klimaschonender Alternativen beschleunigen oder weitere soziale Flankierungen ermöglichen. Eine CO2-Bepreisung als Teil eines breiten Instrumentenmixes ist seit Langem intensiver Gegenstand der wissenschaftlichen Debatte, sozial ausgewogen gestaltbar und klimapolitisch überfällig.
Analysis of Single and Ensemble Machine Learning Classifiers for Phishing Attacks Detection
Authors:   Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, Nigeria, A.M. Oyelakin , O. M Alimi ,   Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, Nigeria, I. O Mustapha ,   Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, Nigeria, I. K Ajiboye ,   Abdulraheem College of Advanced Studies, Igbaja
Published: October 2021

Phishing attacks have been used in different ways to harvest the confidential information of unsuspecting internet users. To stem the tide of phishing-based attacks, several machine learning techniques have been proposed in the past. However, fewer studies have considered investigating single and ensemble machine learning-based models for the classification of phishing attacks. This study carried out performance analysis of selected single and ensemble machine learning (ML) classifiers in phishing classification. The focus is to investigate how these algorithms behave in the classification of phishing attacks in the chosen dataset. Logistic Regression and Decision Trees were chosen as single learning classifiers while simple voting techniques and Random Forest were used as the ensemble machine learning algorithms. Accuracy, Precision, Recall and F1-score were used as performance metrics. Logistic Regression algorithm recorded 0.86 as accuracy, 0.89 as precision, 0.87 as recall and 0.81 as F1-score. Similarly, the Decision Trees classifier achieved an accuracy of 0.87, 0.83 for precision, 0.88 for recall and 0.81 for F1-score. In the voting ensemble, accuracy of 0.92 was achieved. 0.90 was obtained for precision, 0.92 for recall and 0.92 for F1-score. Random Forest algorithm recorded 0.98, 0.97, 0.98 and 0.97 as accuracy, precision, recall and F1-score respectively. From the experimental analyses, Random Forest algorithm outperformed simple averaging classifier and the two single algorithms used for phishing URL detection. The study established that the ensemble techniques that were used for the experimentations are more efficient for phishing URL identification compared to the single classifiers.
dogs of Roman Vindolanda, Part IV: Large sighthounds and guard and utility dogs
Authors: BENNETT DEB , M. TIMM ROBERT
Published: October 2021

In this report we investigate the origin and nature of morphological diversity in domestic dogs utilizing a database of over 1,000 recent and ancient canid skulls and skeletons. Integrated skull–skeleton analysis reveals eight functional groups, giving a clear picture of the extent and kind of morphological diversity produced by dog breeders in Europe, North Africa, and western Asia beginning in the Neolithic and intensifying about 2,100 years ago during the late Iron Age and Roman Era. We report nearly complete associated remains of a large sighthound from Vindolanda, a Roman-era fort–village site in northern England. With this we compare skulls of other sighthounds, and contrast them with remains of guard dogs from Vindolanda and other archaeological sites. The shape of jaw rami, relative size of teeth and state of dental wear, and the size and proportions of postcranial elements are the best differentiators of large dog morphotypes, while most skull parameters are less useful. The central section of the basicranium in ancient sighthounds (parameter Px which measures juvenilization) is little different from wolves, whereas in some modern breeds it is noticeably longer. By contrast, many ancient guard dogs have Px shorter than in wolves and show moderate juvenilization. Gracile sighthounds appear in the archaeological record in the Neolithic, while the earliest robust guard dogs appear later, in Iron Age sites. Building on results of previous work (Bennett & Timm, 2018) we continue to find intriguing similarities between west Asian dog
Suffixal Adjectives and Adjectival Participles in the Slang of Lithuanian Language
Authors: Kudirka Robertas
Published: October 2021

The article analyses 199 suffixal hybrid adjectives and 34 adjectival participles from the Lithuanian slang and non-standard dictionary. The study reveals that borrows with affixal adaptation are adapted to the language system and the adaptive features are determined by regularities: hybrids replicate word formation models from the Standard Lithuanian language. It was found that the most common suffix of affixal adaptation of borrowings from English is suffix -inis. Distribution of hybrids with suffix -iškas is different: there are almost twice less English originated hybrid adjectives with this suffix than originated from Russian language. Adjectival passive participants are most commonly used in the Lithuanian slang.
Hero vis-à-vis Author
Authors: Rrahmani Kujtim
Published: October 2021

This article examines the complex relationship between the hero and the author. Through a reflexive phenomenological tone, it is argued that the hero depicts the emotional seed of the subject itself while the author is the beautiful mind that projects events and worlds by cultivating the intellectual seed. The call of adventure as a ringing bell for the hero and the author, the proclaimed Death of the Author, the almost confirmed Death of the Hero, and the horizon of the Teacher’s Death are discussed. In this setting, the fear from the authority of the hero and the author remains imminent. This article attempts to move beyond the horizon of death certificates in order to reach primary frequencies at the nexus between author and hero, derived from the very inner tones of the human psyche that come as a call to take us away to the beautiful world of Aha Erlebnis. The author and the hero – they do matter.
Language, Representation and Fetish. Hunger in “The Shawl” by Cynthia Ozick
Authors: Sowiński Bartosz
Published: October 2021

Streszczenie: The Shawl Cynthii Ozick stanowi niezwykle interesującą próbę zapisu doznania głodu, utraty i Holokaustu. Opowieść ta przekształca się w medytację nad możliwością przedstawienia doznań traumatycznych, nie poddających się łatwej symbolizacji. Umieszczając język i literaturę, czy też szerzej reprezentację, w stanie podejrzenia, Ozick pozostaje wierna tradycji żydowskiego anikonizmu. Autorka czyni to jednak w sposób ostentacyjnie literacki, zatrącający o idolatrię fikcji powieściowej. Odrzucając przedstawienia werystyczne lub hiperrealistyczne głodu i Holokaustu, Ozick podpowiada, że iluzja bezpośredniości, którą takie teksty wytwarzają, jest li tylko fetyszem, nie zaś śladem obecności ciała w literaturze. Ambicje Ozick są być może skromniejsze, ale z pewnością uczciwsze. Autorka odsłania nieprzystawalność porządku zmysłów i literatury, jednak – trawestując tytuł książki Georgesa Didi-Hubermana – wydaje się również mówić „literatura mimo wszystko”, afirmując tym samym medium języka oraz literaturę pomimo wszystkich jej niedoskonałości. Summary: The Shawl by Cynthia Ozick is an extremely intriguing attempt at writing hunger, loss and the Holocaust. The novella transforms into a meditation on the possibility of depicting traumatic sensations, which easily defy symbolisation. As she casts suspicion on language and literature, and more broadly representation, Ozick adheres to the tradition of Jewish aniconism. However, she does so in an ostentatiously literary manner, verging on the idolatry of fiction. Ozick discards verisimilitude and hyperrealism in the representations of hunger and the Holocaust. In so doing, she seems to suggest that the illusion of immediacy they produce is merely a fetish rather than the literary celebration of the body. Ozick’s ambitions may be more moderate but they are certainly more honest: she explores the irreconcilable differences between the realms of the sensual and the literary. However, she also seems to say “literature in spite of all” (to misquote Georges Didi-Huberman’s dictum), thereby articulating her affirmation of the linguistic medium and literature in spite of all their shortcomings and deficiencies.
Masculinity in Algirdas Landsbergis's Short Stories
Authors: Bankauskaitė Gabija , Stravinskaitė Raminta
Published: October 2021

In interwar and post-war societies, men were required to show endurance, courage, and emotional stability, but their traumas, caused by the experience of war and the economic, political, and social realities of the post-war period, are just started to be analysed. Algirdas Jeronimas Landsbergis (1924–2004), a playwright, prose writer, editor, literary and theatre critic of the Lithuanian diaspora, conveys these themes in his work. The images of masculinity revealed in the texts help clarify the general experience of the society hidden in the works and understand what kind of masculinity prevailed in society after the world wars changed the lives of women and men. Using K. G. Jung’s theory of analytical psychology, the article analyses A. Landsbergis’ short stories, which literature researchers less studied. Texts are explored as reflections and shapers of society, and in the case of masculinity, it is discussed what is meant by the archetypes of masculinity recorded in the literature. Based on the work of R. L. Moore and D. Gillette and J. C. Campbell, the archetypes of the divine child, the child prodigy, the Oedipus child and the hero and mature masculinity – the king, warrior, magician and lover are distinguished.
Conjoint Developmental Trajectories of Adolescent E-cigarette and Combustible Cigarette Use
Authors: Audrain-McGovern Janet , Rodriguez Daniel , Pianin Stephen , Testa Shannon
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVES

In this study, we sought to identify which adolescents progress to regular electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use (without cigarette smoking), which adolescents become dual users of both types of cigarettes, and how dual use develops across time.

METHODS

Adolescents (N = 1808) from public high schools outside Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, completed in-classroom surveys at wave 1 (fall 2016, beginning of ninth grade) and at 6-month intervals for the following 36 months (fall 2019, beginning of 12th grade).

RESULTS

A sequential processes growth mixture model identified 4 conjoint latent classes: later, rapid e-cigarette uptake (class 1: n = 230); no use of e-cigarettes or combustible cigarettes (class 2: n = 1141); earlier, steady e-cigarette uptake (class 3: n = 265); and dual use of e-cigarettes and combustible cigarettes (class 4: n = 204). Using a rich set of potential risk factors, multinomial logistic regression assessed the likelihood of belonging to each conjoint class compared with the comparison class (dual use). Adolescents in the dual use class were characterized by a greater number and severity of e-cigarette and combustible cigarette risk factors. Adolescents in the 2 e-cigarettes–only classes were characterized by either e-cigarette–specific risk factors (earlier onset) or no risk factors (later onset). The no use class had an absence of risk factors for e-cigarette and cigarette use.

CONCLUSIONS

This study provides new prospective evidence for distinct patterns and profiles of adolescents who progress to current e-cigarette use, including adolescents who were initially cigarette smokers. The findings have implications for prevention intervention timing, tobacco product focus, content, and the adolescent subgroups to target.
Az interleukin-6-expresszió vizsgálata colorectalis adenocarcinomában szenvedő betegeken
Authors: Jósa Valéria , Féderer Krisztina , Zrubka Zsombor , Reiniger Lilla , Baranyai Zsolt
Published: October 2021

Összefoglaló.
Bevezetés: A gyulladásos folyamatok és a tumorok kialakulása,
illetve progressziója közötti összetett kapcsolat ismert. Az interleukin-6 (IL6)
egy pleiotrop gyulladásos citokin, melynek tumorstimuláló és -gátló tulajdonsága
is van. Célkitűzés: Kutatásunk célja az IL6-expresszió
vizsgálata volt colorectalis adenocarcinoma miatt reszekción átesett betegek
szövettani metszetein. Módszer: Az Uzsoki Utcai Kórházban 2004
és 2011 között reszekált 64, colorectalis tumoros beteg demográfiai, sebészeti
és patológiai adatait gyűjtöttük össze. A betegek szövettani metszeteit
IL6-antitesttel festettük. A digitalizált metszeteket kvantitatív színelemzéssel
kiértékeltük, majd az eredményeket a betegek klinikai paramétereinek
függvényében elemeztük. Eredmények: Előrehaladott stádiumú
betegekben a tumorsejtek IL6-expressziója szignifikánsan magasabbnak bizonyult
lineáris regresszióval. A tumorsejtek IL6-expressziója azonban nem korrelált a
nemmel, az életkorral vagy a tumor differenciáltságával.
Megbeszélés: Különbségek mutatkoztak a tumorsejtek és a
stromasejtek IL6-kifejeződése között. Következtetés: Az IL6
hasznos marker és potenciális terápiás cél lehet az előrehaladottabb stádiumú
colorectalis tumoros betegeknél. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(37): 1502–1507.

Summary.
Introduction: It is well known that there is a complex
correlation between inflammation and tumor development and tumor progression.
Interleukin-6 (IL6) is a pleiotropic inflammatory cytokine with both tumor
stimulating and inhibiting effect. Objective: The goal of our
study was to evaluate the IL6 expression of histological slides from patients
after resection of colorectal adenocarcinoma. Method:
Demographical, surgical, and pathological findings of 64 patients with
colorectal cancer operated between 2004 and 2011 in Uzsoki Teaching Hospital
were evaluated. Histopathological slides were stained with IL6 antibody. The
digitalized slides were assessed with quantitative color analysis, and the
results were evaluated according to patients’ clinical parameters.
Results: Linear regression showed significantly higher IL6
expression in the tumor cells in patients with advanced stages. However, the IL6
expression of the tumor cells did not correlate with sex, age, or tumor grade.
Discussion: There were differences between the IL6
expression in tumor cells and stromal cells. Conclusion: IL6
may be a useful marker and potential therapeutic target in patients with
advanced colorectal cancer. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(37): 1502–1507.
A nem denaturált 2-es típusú kollagén hatása az arthrosisra
Authors: Sütő Gábor
Published: October 2021

Összefoglaló. Az arthrosis az ízületeket alkotó porc, csont és a
környező lágy részek leépülésével járó betegség. A betegség jelentős fájdalommal
jár, progresszív, az ízület strukturális átalakulását és ennek következtében
jelentős funkcióvesztést és életminőség-romlást okoz. Kialakulásában
immunológiai gyulladásos folyamatok is szerepet játszanak, amelyek befolyásolása
lehetőséget ad nemcsak tüneti kezelésre, hanem betegségmódosító terápia
kialakítására is. A nem denaturált 2-es típusú kollagén oralis alkalmazása
szisztémás toleranciát hoz létre, ami a proinflammatoricus folyamatok gátlása és
az antiinflammatoricus hatások erősítése révén új lehetőség az immunmodulációra.
A klinikai vizsgálatok a betegeknél a fájdalom jelentős csökkenéséről, a
mozgásszervek funkciójának javulásáról számolnak be, és a kezelés egészséges
ízületben is nyújthat védelmet a mechanikus stressz okozta ízületi károsodással
szemben. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(37): 1481–1484.

Summary. Osteoarthritis is a disease of the cartilage, bone and
surrounding soft tissues that make up the joints. The disease is associated with
significant pain, it is progressive, causing structural transformation of the
joint and, as a result, significant loss of function and deterioration in the
quality of life. Immunological inflammatory processes also play a role in its
development, the influence of which allows not only symptomatic treatment, but
also the development of disease-modifying therapy. Oral administration of
undenatured type II collagen creates systemic tolerance, which is a new
opportunity for immunomodulation by inhibiting proinflammatory processes and
enhancing anti-inflammatory effects. Clinical trials have reported significant
reduction in pain, improved musculoskeletal function in patients, and the
therapy may provide protection against joint damage caused by mechanical stress
in healthy joints. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(37): 1481–1484.
ASPEK BIOLOGI IKAN BELANAK (Mugil cephalus) DI PERAIRAN TELUK BANTEN
Authors: Mourniaty Acacia Zeny Araminta , Nuringtyas Alifa Egitia , Larasati Alya Putri , Septian Futra , Mulyana Ilham , Israwati Waode , Nainggolan Winda , Suharti Ratna , Jabbar Meuthia Aula
Published: October 2021

Ikan Belanak (Mugil cephalus) Ikan belanak (Mugil cephalus) merupakan salah satu jenis ikan perairan laut yang menggunakan habitat perairan muara sebagai tempat hidupnya termasuk di muara sungai di Teluk Banten. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aspek biologi ikan belanak meliputi: distribusi ukuran, hubungan panjang bobot, ukuran pertama kali tertangkap (Lc).  Pengamatan ini dilakukan pada bulan Maret – April 2019 di perairan Teluk Banten. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kisaran ukuran ikan belanak antara 7 – 47 cm. Pola pertumbuhan ikan belanak di Karangantu adalah allometrik negatif (b<3) dengan Lc = 16,70. dan di Domas  adalah allometrik negatif (b<3) dan diasumsikan ikan belanak yang tertangkap Di Karangantu nilai Lc>Lm yang mengindikasikan bahwa ikan belanak di lokasi tersebut sudah pernah mengalami pemijahan sebelum tertangkap, sedangkan di Desa Domas nilai Lc<Lm yang mengindikasikan bahwa ikan belanak di lokasi tersebut belum pernah mengalami pemijahan sebelum tertangkap.
Adrenal Metastases as Sanctuary Sites in Advanced Renal Cancer
Authors: Vaishampayan Ulka , Shah Harsh , Asad Mohammad F. , Shi Dongping , Dickow Brenda , Suisham Stacey , Domina Jason , Cher Michael L. , Samantray Julie , Aoun Hussein D.
Published: October 2021

Involvement of the adrenal gland in kidney cancer represents a unique site of metastasis with a distinct clinical course. The cases are typically resistant to immune therapy and need local therapy management. A case series of patients with adrenal metastases was reviewed to highlight the nuances of clinical course and therapy. We reviewed renal cancer carcinoma (RCC) cases with adrenal metastases at Karmanos Cancer Center, Detroit MI. Medical records were reviewed to collect relevant case information. Next-generation sequencing, tumor mutation burden testing, and programmed death ligand biomarkers were evaluated in five cases. Twelve cases were reviewed; all were males with a median age of 49.5 years. Three patients presented with adrenal metastases only and were treated with local therapy. Three received interleukin-2 (IL-2). One patient relapsed with bilateral adrenal lesions after 11 years of remission, post-IL-2 therapy. Five cases received immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) and one received antivascular therapy. ICI therapy was followed by ablation of residual adrenal metastases in three patients. Genomic profiling was available in five cases. All were BAP1 and PD-L1 negative. Pathogenic mutations in PBRM1, SETD2, and VHL were noted. All patients with residual adrenal metastases responded to antivascular therapies or to local ablation. One patient died 17 years after diagnosis and 11 patients are alive at a median follow-up of 9.5 years. Adrenal metastases in RCC have a distinct clinical course. They can represent a sanctuary site of relapse/residual disease following treatment with immune therapy. Management with local therapy can induce durable remissions. Systemic management with antivascular therapies also demonstrated favorable responses. Further investigation should focus on the unique clinical course and optimal management of adrenal metastases in kidney cancer.
Chitosan and phenolic compounds in the control of anthracnose in mango
Authors: Silva Luana Sabrine , Mizobutsi Edson Hiydu , Ribeiro Regina Cássia Ferreira , Rocha Fernando da Silva , Mizobutsi Gisele Polete , Castro Sabrina Gonçalves Vieira
Published: October 2021

Abstract Mango (Mangifera indica L.) has great socioeconomic importance to Brazil, but its production is affected by anthracnose. Chitosan films have shown potential in controlling this disease. In this study, the effect of the association of chitosan with phenolic compounds and extracts on the Colletotrichum tropicaledevelopment was evaluated. Phenolic compounds and extracts from mango peel were incorporated into 2.0% chitosan solutions and tested in vitro. In the in vivo experiment, after pathogen inoculation and application of treatments, fruits were evaluated for anthracnose incidence and severity. Controls consisted of the application of water or pure culture medium and fungicide imazalil. The experimental design was completely randomized and data were submitted to analysis of variance. In the in vitro test and in the assessment of disease intensity, means were compared using the Scott-Knott and Tukey tests (p <0.05), respectively. Controls were compared to the other treatments using the Dunnett test (p <0.05). Total growth inhibition, conidia production and C. tropicale germination were verified with the incorporation of citric, pyrocatecoic and transcinamic acids to chitosan, with no significant difference between them and the fungicide. Low anthracnose incidence and severity was observed in mangoes treated with chitosan combined with phenolic compounds.