bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Moscas-das-frutas Diptera: Tephritidae na região nordeste do Pará
Authors:   , Ayres Alvaro Remigio
Published: November 2024

As moscas-das-frutas (Diptera: Tephritidae) são insetos fitófagos com espécies que podem assumir o status de praga em frutíferas. No Brasil estudos têm indicado variações na diversidade das moscas-das-frutas, dinâmica populacional e nas interações com hospedeiros e parasitoides. Entretanto, na Amazônia brasileira, sobretudo no Estado do Pará, as informações sobre a bioecologia destes tefritídeos são escassas. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a análise faunística e verificar o perfil da flutuação populacional das moscas-das-frutas em pomares domésticos do município de Castanhal, Pará, além de conhecer seus hospedeiros e parasitoides em municípios do referido Estado. Para os estudos de análise faunística e flutuação populacional foram coletados tefritídeos com auxílio de 15 armadilhas McPhail contendo proteína hidrolisada de milho como atrativo, no período de janeiro a dezembro de 2014. As armadilhas foram distribuídas em pomares domésticos de cinco localidades de Castanhal, instaladas na copa de frutíferas. Na análise faunística foram avaliados os índices de diversidade de Shannon, dominância de Simpson, equitabilidade de Hill modificado, além do registro da frequência, constância, riqueza e número de espécies dominantes. Para a flutuação populacional o índice mosca/armadilha/dia (MAD) mensal foi correlacionado aos valores mensais de precipitação pluvial (mm), umidade relativa do ar (%) e temperatura média do ar (oC) da região. O estudo de hospedeiros e parasitoides de moscas-das-frutas foi realizado através de coletas de frutos, entre novembro de 2013 a janeiro de 2015, nos municípios paraenses de Castanhal, São Francisco do Pará, Igarapé Açu, Iriuia, Capanema e Santa Luzia do Pará. Os frutos foram coletados, levados para o laboratório, colocados em bandejas plásticas sobre uma camada de vermiculita e cobertos com tecido fino, para obtenção dos pupários das moscas e posteriormente dos adultos (moscas e/ou parasitóides). Foram coletados nas armadilhas 6.322 tefritídeos (70,5% fêmeas e 29,5% machos), pertencentes a 13 espécies, sendo 12 do gênero Anastrepha e um exemplar de Ceratitis capitata. Anastrepha obliqua foi à única espécie dominante, sendo também a mais frequente (89,60%). Observou-se elevado valor do índice de Simpson (0,81) e valores intermediários quanto aos índices de Shannon (0,49) e Hill (0,62). Os maiores picos populacionais de Anastrepha foram registrados em janeiro, outubro, novembro e dezembro. Não foi observada correlação significativa entre a flutuação populacional das moscas-das-frutas e os parâmetros climáticos estudados. Diretamente dos hospedeiros foram obtidas oito espécies de Anastrepha, com predomínio de A. obliqua, e três espécies parasitoides Braconidae, destacando-se Doryctobracon areolatus
Ecofisiologia de feijão-caupi submetido a deficiência hídrica nos sistemas de plantio direto e convencional
Authors:   , Freitas Rômulo Magno Oliveira de
Published: November 2024

A cultura do feijão-caupi possui grande importância para a região Nordeste, principalmente para a população mais carente. Um dos grandes problemas encontrados para essa cultura é o estresse hídrico, provocado pela irregularidade das chuvas, aliado a altas temperaturas, comuns a esta região. O sistema de plantio direto possui características como redução da evaporação da água do solo, maior retenção do solo e menores oscilações da temperatura, e pode ser uma forma de minimizar o efeito do estresse hídrico para a cultura do feijão-caupi. Dois experimentos foram conduzidos na horta didática do Departamento de Ciências Vegetais da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), no município de Mossoró-RN, com o objetivo de avaliar o consumo, e eficiência de uso da água, bem como as respostas ecofisiológicas de feijão-caupi sob estresse hídrico nos sistemas de plantio direto e convencional. O primeiro experimento foi realizado no delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados completos, no esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. Nas parcelas, foram avaliados dois sistemas de plantio (convencional e direto) e nas subparcelas, seis períodos de suspensão da irrigação (2; 6; 10; 14; 18 e 22 dias) aplicados no início do período reprodutivo. Foram avaliadas a biomassa das partes das plantas e a área foliar, aos 64 dias após a semeadura (DAS) e o rendimento de grãos, consumo de água e eficiência de uso da água, aos 70 DAS. No segundo experimento, utilizou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados completos, no esquema de parcelas subsubdivididas, com quatro repetições. Nas parcelas, foram avaliados dois sistemas de plantio (direto e convencional), nas subparcelas, três condições hídricas (sem estresse, estresse moderado e estresse severo) e nas subsubparcelas, períodos de avaliação. Foram determinados: área foliar, matéria seca total, fotossíntese, condutância estomática, transpiração, concentração interna de CO2 e potencial hídrico foliar. No primeiro experimento, constatou-se que o sistema de plantio direto foi promissor para cultura do feijão-caupi, apresentando maior rendimento de grãos e maior eficiência de uso da água. Nesse sistema de plantio, foi possível o cultivo de feijão-caupi, sem perdas, mesmo com períodos de veranico moderados. Veranicos prolongados afetaram negativamente o acúmulo de biomassa, rendimento de grãos e eficiência de uso da água. No segundo experimento, o estresse hídrico afetou todas as variáveis avaliadas, com exceção do potencial hídrico foliar. O feijão-caupi apresentou recuperação de todas as características fisiológicas após estresse hídrico moderado e severo. O fechamento estomático foi o principal mecanismo de resistência à seca, sendo o feijão-caupi uma espécie conservadora. Os sistemas de plantio não afetaram as taxas de fotossíntese. O sistema de plantio direto promoveu maior acúmulo de biomassa e de área foliar
A razão estratégica e as relações contemporâneas de trabalho
Authors: Araújo Alda de Barros , Lourenço Darlan do Nascimento , Menezes Anderson de Alencar
Published: November 2024

Devido às principais transformações recentes na esfera social acontecidas a partir do final do século XX e início do século XXI, em muito motivadas pelo avanço desmedido da economia neoliberal, da racionalidade técnica e da ciência, as relações de trabalho foram impactadas significativamente. Sobretudo a partir da inclusão das tecnologias digitais, com sistemas de informação mais complexos, inteligência artificial e aplicativos das mais variadas ordens, vivencia-se uma verdadeira mudança estrutural na esfera pública atual, conforme Habermas. Com isso, o discurso do empreendedorismo mostrou-se competente em obscurecer o senso crítico capaz de localizar a precarização do trabalho e dos direitos trabalhistas. Um caso claro disso se reflete no fenômeno dos motoristas por aplicativo e a pretensa ideia de autonomia que subjaz o imaginário desses trabalhadores. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar de que modo a razão estratégica implica um modo muito peculiar de reprodução social nas relações contemporâneas de trabalho, sobretudo no âmbito dos motoristas por aplicativo em nexo ao Projeto de Lei 12/2024. O Projeto foi apresentado pelo governo federal em abril de 2024 e garante a conquista de alguns direitos, porém ratifica o status de trabalho autônomo, negando o vínculo de emprego com as empresas proprietárias das plataformas. A discussão da matéria se dará sob a ótica da Teoria do Agir Comunicativo de Jürgen Habermas, uma vez que a tendência brasileira revelada no anteprojeto de lei consolida uma opção de aprofundamento da razão estratégica, muito distante de uma postura democrática e consensual com os trabalhadores.
O conceito de douta ignorância e o fazer biblioteconômico
Authors: Ramos Junior Gerson Moreira
Published: November 2024

Este artigo intenta explorar a interseção entre o conceito de "douta ignorância", proposto pelo filósofo e cardeal Nicolau de Cusa, e a prática biblioteconômica contemporânea. Partimos da premissa de que a douta ignorância pode oferecer uma perspectiva epistemológica profícua para o pensamento decolonial, na medida em que reconhece as limitações do conhecimento, promovendo uma abertura para o diálogo intercultural e para a superação das hierarquias epistêmicas. Ao mesmo tempo, conectamos essa ideia com o agir comunicativo habermasiano, que propõe o diálogo como base para a construção de consensos racionais e democráticos. O artigo argumenta que a articulação dessas três perspectivas oferece uma compreensão mais profunda das possibilidades de emancipação social e epistemológica em contextos pós-coloniais via fazer e saber biblioteconômico. A pesquisa sugere que a prática biblioteconômica que não apenas organiza e dissemina informações mas lida com a incerteza e as lacunas do conhecimento, evocando a perspectiva teorizada por Cusa e desdobrando-a no tempo presente das novas possibilidades epistemologicas abertas pelos estudos decoloniais, pode encontar caminho para lidar com seu passado colonial. Conclui-se que, ao incorporar a douta ignorância, os profissionais da biblioteconomia podem adotar uma postura reflexiva e crítica diante da complexidade e das limitações da historicidade do conhecimento humano produzido.
Análise comunicativa da pesquisa-ação pela via dos círculos argumentativos
Authors: Mariangela Lima de Almeida  , França Bárbara Rebecca Baumgartem , Oliveira Gabriela Melo Santana de , Fernandes Letícia Soares , Silva Nazareth Vidal da , Queiroz Rafael Carlos , Raulino e Silva Rayner
Published: November 2024

O texto tem como objetivo discutir acerca de uma estratégia metodológica para análise de dados em estudos de pesquisa-ação fundamentada na teoria de Jürgen Habermas, denominada por Círculos Argumentativos. Concebe-se a pesquisa-ação para além de uma abordagem metodológica, que tem como pressupostos centrais a relação entre pesquisador e participante, e da ação para a mudança. Assim, a pesquisa-ação, em virtude de sua processualidade, necessita de um método de análise capaz de explorar, em conjunto com os autores-pesquisadores, os distintos movimentos do fazer a pesquisa, tendo a ação como condutora desse processo. Dessa forma, a ação comunicativa de Habermas apresenta fundamentos teóricos que permitem essa construção, considerando os conceitos de pretensões de validade, argumento, entendimento mútuo e a busca por consensos provisórios. Assim os Círculos Argumentativos, concebidos como espaço de debate para que os enunciados do mundo social na pesquisa educacional sejam problematizados e as pretensões de validade sejam desafiadas, se organizam enquanto espaços de retomada dos momentos para escuta do outro, buscando o diálogo com os autores-pesquisadores seja por meio de argumentos escritos ou pelos argumentos ditos. As contribuições deste estudo apontam que os Círculos Argumentativos não apenas permitem uma análise crítica dos dados, como também, promovem a autorreflexão dos autores e atores envolvidos. Portanto, o processo comunicativo, centrado na racionalidade comunicativa, oferece uma via metodológica robusta para superar as limitações da racionalidade instrumental predominante na pesquisa científica, especialmente em áreas como a educação.
Microwave-assisted Reduction of Ketones Using Decaborane in Aqueous
Solution
Authors: Nayak Laxmipriya , Acharya Subhadeep , Routray Supriya , Pattnaik Simran , Satapathy Rashmirekha
Published: November 2024

The reduction of ketones to secondary alcohols is an essential reaction in organic chemistry
and various reagents are utilized for this purpose. Herein, we have reported the reduction of ketone
using decaborane in conventional as well as microwave-assisted methods in aqueous solution. Different
types of aromatic ketones containing distinct functional groups were analyzed. We observed that
ketones having an electron-withdrawing group showed a faster reaction rate with higher yield as
compared to the ketones with electron-donating groups. Additionally, a comparison between microwave-
assisted and conventional synthesis was done by evaluating the total reaction time and percentage
yield. The results indicate that microwave-assisted synthesis lead to higher yields within very
short reaction times.
Mechanism of Pyroptosis in Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction Rats and
α7-nicotinic Receptor Agonist Regulating NLRP3 Inflammasome
Activation
Authors: Ge Yuan , Ming Lei , Xu Dedong
Published: November 2024

Background:

This study investigates the efficacy of α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
(α7nAChR) agonists in mitigating postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in a rat model. This
investigation aimed to elucidate the therapeutic potential of α7nAChR agonists in modulating neuroinflammatory
pathways to improve cognitive outcomes post-surgery.

Objective:

Serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 were measured as markers
of systemic inflammation, while the expression levels of NLRP3 mRNA were quantified to evaluate
pyroptosis and NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

Methods:

Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control (no surgery), POCD (surgeryinduced),
and POCD treated with an α7nAChR agonist. Cognitive function was assessed using the
Morris Water Maze (MWM) and Novel Object Recognition (NOR) tests.

Results:

The results showed a notable cognitive impairment in the group with POCD, as shown by
increased escape latency noted in the MWM test and decreased discrimination index in the NOR test,
while controls had no change. However, treatment with the α7nAChR agonist led to a significant
improvement in cognitive performance among the POCD rats such that it closely matched those of
the controls. Furthermore, the POCD group exhibited elevated serum levels of IL-1β and IL-18 and
increased expression of pyroptosis-related markers, indicating enhanced neuroinflammation and
inflammasome activation.

Conclusion:

These findings highlighted the therapeutic efficacy of α7nAChR agonists in mitigating
neuroinflammation and improving cognitive outcomes post-surgery. Our study supports the potential
of targeting the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, emphasizing clinical evaluation of α7nAChR
agonists in postoperative patients.
The Effect of Health Literacy Knowledge of Parents with Children aged 0-5 years on Their Attitudes about Childhood Vaccines
Authors: Gülbetekin Eda , Gül Can Fatma , Karacalı Tunç Ayşe
Published: November 2024

Objective: To determine the effect of health literacy knowledge of parents with children aged 0-5 on their attitudes towards childhood vaccines.
Method: In the study using the relational screening model, the sample consisted of 1008 parents with children aged 0-5, living in XXX city between October 2022 and January 2023. Data were collected via Personal Information Form, Health Literacy Index, and Parental Attitudes Towards Childhood Immunizations (PACV).
Results: It was revealed that the variables of education level, place of residence, number of children, children's vaccination status, opinions about vaccines and making the first applications when they get sick affect health literacy knowledge. Their views about vaccines affected parents' attitudes toward childhood vaccines.
Conclusion: In order to improve the health literacy of the parents and reduce their vaccine hesitancy, it is recommended to give general health information and organize trainings on the benefits of vaccines and the consequences of being non-vaccinated.
Crimes and punishments for violating the rules of drinking trade in Russia (1863‒1894)
Authors: Goryushkina N. E.
Published: November 2024

Relevance. Crimes in the alcohol trade cause significant damage to the State budget and national morality. The study of crimes and penalties for violation of regulations on drinking trade during the period of free circulation of drinks can indicate the direction of improvement of the modern excise mechanism, clarify the scientific view of drinking liberalization in post-reform Russia.

The purpose of the article is to highlight the types of crimes and punishments in the drinking trade during excise time, to identify ways to reduce "drinking" crimes.

The objectives are determined by the stated theme and consist in: to characterize crimes in the wine trade; to indicate the penalties provided for by excise legislation; to assess the effectiveness of combating violations in the conditions of free alcohol turnover.

The methodology includes the principles of objectivity, consistency, historicism, in addition to which historical-genetic, historical-typological, historical-statistical methods were used.

Results. During the excise period, many places for drinking were opened. A considerable part of the sellers resorted to illegal ways of making a profit. Crimes in the wine trade outnumbered crimes in the distillery. A significant percentage was trade without taking a patent and the release of alcohol of inappropriate quality. Monetary penalties prevailed as punishment. Despite the gradual tightening of excise legislation, the number of crimes in the drinking trade remained significant due to the personal interest of wine merchants and insufficient control by excise authorities. This became one of the reasons for replacing the excise system with a state-owned wine monopoly.

Conclusion. During the excise period, the systematization of crimes in the drinking trade was carried out and measures to counteract criminal acts were developed. The severity of the punishment depended on the degree of damage. The state monopoly was called upon to stop crimes in the wine trade.
The Internet as an object of study of criminalistics science
Authors: Belova K. S.
Published: November 2024

Relevance. The Internet acts as an object accumulating a large array of results of user actions in the form of electronic and digital traces, as well as a significant amount of other information that can be used in the investigation of crimes. Given the ongoing growth of attacks in which the global network has become a means of committing them, it is necessary to offer investigative authorities recommendations on using the Internet as a source of necessary information and as a means of solving the tasks of criminal proceedings.

The purpose of the research is to determine from which sides and to what extent the Internet manifests itself in those patterns that are the subject of criminalistics science, in order to propose a systematic approach to the use of information resources of the network in solving the tasks of the investigation process.

 Objectives: to characterize the Internet as a source of electronic digital traces and other criminally significant information; to show that techniques, tools and methods of working with evidence implemented through the Internet are criminalistics; to highlight the features of the Internet as a manifestation of the mechanism of criminal activity and the source of the criminalistic characteristics.

Methodology. The methodological basis of the research was the dialectical method of cognition, and a set of general scientific and private scientific research methods (system-structural, formal-logical, predictive, etc.) were also used.

 Results. Separate theoretical provisions of the methodology of using the Internet in the investigation of crimes have been developed.

Conclusion. The Internet, reflecting virtual life, can be represented as one of the sides of the object of criminalistics, acting as a functional side of both criminal and crime detection and investigation activities, and the patterns of the mechanism of various types of crimes that manifest themselves on the network, the emergence and finding of information about the crime and its participants, the possibility of search and obtaining criminally significant information, securing, researching and using it as evidence, as well as the use of the Internet as a means of judicial research and crime prevention, the Internet is an element of the subject of criminalistics science.
The main vectors of the development of the ethnopolitical process in modern Russia
Authors: Tsybakov D. L.
Published: November 2024

Relevance. The problem of the evolution of the ethnopolitical process is one of the factors of the stable political development of modern Russia. The actual state of ethnopolitical relations in the Russian Federation practically does not correspond to the most common expert assessments of the past years. Guided by these largely outdated ideas, state institutions are experiencing difficulties in finding effective tools for regulating interethnic relations in Russia of the 21st century.

The purpose of the study is to analyze the main vectors of the development of the ethnopolitical process in the modern Russian Federation

 Research objectives: to systematize the main scientific approaches to the problem of nation-building, to identify the prerequisites for the causes of contradictions in the field of interethnic relations in post-Soviet Russia, to consider the main vectors of development of the modern ethnopolitical process.

Methodology. Structural-functional, historical, and comparative methods were used to solve the research tasks. To clarify the parameters of the transformation of ethnopolitical relations in the Russian Federation, the provisions of the conflictological, primordialist and constructivist approaches were used.

The results of the study. The content of the modern ethnopolitical process in Russia is determined by the collision of vectors of endogenous and exogenous content. The dominant problem remains the unwillingness of the expert community and state institutions to reconsider the concepts of the state national policy that have not justified themselves. The vectors of the ethnopolitical process in the Russian Federation in the foreseeable future will be determined by the collision of such leading strategies as "civil identity", "multiculturalism" and the project "Russian political nation".

 Conclusions. The main prerequisites and causes of contradictions in the interethnic relations of Russian society are revealed. They are associated with the influence of globalization processes and the specific conditions of political, economic and socio-cultural relations in the Russian Federation. The need to adjust traditional approaches to the implementation of state national policy in the modern Russian Federation is argued.
On the concept of the category “social structure of the urban population” in the early Soviet period (on the example of the Kursk province)
Authors: Petrov N. V.
Published: November 2024

Relevance. Strategic planning of the development of territories is impossible without taking into account the peculiarities of history, geographical location, specifics of the production and economic potential of the region as factors influencing the quantitative and qualitative indicators of the population. Under the influence of powerful destabilizing events of a military, political and economic nature, the experience of the first decade of Soviet power in managing urban communities is useful for determining the vector of transformation of state institutions, which requires determining the content of the category «social structure of the urban population» in the post-revolutionary period.

The purpose – to reveal the content of the concept of the “social structure of the urban population” in the early Soviet period on the example of the Kursk province.

Objectives: to correlate the sociological understanding, the established practice of interpretation by the Kursk Provincial Committee of the RCP(b)-VKP(b) and the approaches of Soviet and modern researchers to the concept of “social structure of the urban population”.

Methodology. To achieve the set goals and objectives of the study, the author uses the principles of historicism, objectivity and consistency. The assessment of the sociological understanding of social composition required the application of an interdisciplinary approach. In addition, the methodological apparatus of the study includes historical-genetic, retrospective, historical-comparative methods.

Results. The concept of the category “social structure of the urban population” was developed in the first postrevolutionary decade, taking into account the regional peculiarities of the development of the Kursk province, as well as the state of the historiography of the issue.

Conclusion. The category “social structure of the urban population” is a complex concept, which, taking into account the events of the first decade of Soviet power, includes in its scope a set of groups of people united on the basis of the political and ideological development of the state and quantitative and qualitative signs of the vital activity of the population within a specific urban area, taking into account historical and economic factors.
Comparison of institutions of obligation due to harm and unjustified enrichment in modern Russian civil law
Authors: Stepanov V. N.
Published: November 2024

Relevance. The study is devoted to comparing the institution of obligation due to harm (Chapter 59 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation) and unjustified enrichment (Chapter 60 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation) in modern Russian civil law from theoretical and practical positions using the only criterion of differentiation – the consequences of committed actions (inaction. The article focuses on the problem of choosing a particular claim and notes the ambiguity of judicial practice on this issue.

The purpose of the article is to compare the institutions of obligation due to harm and unjustified enrichment (Chapters 59 and 60 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation), to determine possible improvements in legislation).

Objectives: to determine the essence of tort and unjustified enrichment; to analyze various points of view on the relationship between tort and unjustified enrichment and the institution of obligations due to harm and unjustified enrichment; to identify and consider the problem of competition of claims; to propose a possible differentiation of institutions of obligation due to harm and unjustified enrichment.

Methodology. In the preparation of the work, dialectical, formal-legal, comparative-legal methods of scientific cognition were used along with methods of description, analysis, and scientific abstraction.

Results. As a result of the conducted research, it was recognized that the institutions defined in Chapters 59, 60 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation have difficulties in their differentiation, which creates the problem of competition of claims. The main criterion for their differentiation should be considered the consequences associated with the actions of a delinquent or unreasonably enriched person.

Conclusions. It is concluded that the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation in a special Resolution clarifies the provisions of the norms of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation on the distinctive features of unjustified enrichment and obligations arising from harm).
Evaluating the Development, Reliability, and Validation of the Tele-Primary Care Oral Health Clinical Information System Questionnaire: Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study
Authors: Sutan Rosnah , Ismail Shahida , Ibrahim Roszita
Published: November 2024

Background

Evaluating digital health service delivery in primary health care requires a validated questionnaire to comprehensively assess users’ ability to implement tasks customized to the program’s needs.

Objective

This study aimed to develop, test the reliability of, and validate the Tele-Primary Care Oral Health Clinical Information System (TPC-OHCIS) questionnaire for evaluating the implementation of maternal and child digital health information systems.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2 phases. The first phase focused on content item development and was validated by a group of 10 experts using the content validity index. The second phase was to assess its psychometric testing for reliability and validity.

Results

A structured questionnaire of 65 items was constructed to assess the TPC-OHCIS delivery for primary health care use based on literature and has been validated by 10 experts, and 319 respondents answered the 65-item TPC-OHCIS questionnaire, with mean item scores ranging from 1.99 (SD 0.67) to 2.85 (SD 1.019). The content validity, reliability, and face validity showed a scale-level content validity index of 0.90, scale-level content validation ratio of 0.90, and item-level face validity index of 0.76, respectively. The internal reliability was calculated as a Cronbach α value of 0.90, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.91. Scales were determined by the scree plot with eigenvalues >1, and 13 subscales were identified based on principal component analysis. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin value was 0.90 (P<.049). The total variance explained was 76.07%, and factor loading scores for all variables were >0.7. The Bartlett test of sphericity, determining construct validity, was found to be significant (P<.049).

Conclusions

The TPC-OHCIS questionnaire is valid to be used at the primary health care level to evaluate the TPC-OHCIS implementation. It can assess health care workers’ work performance and job acceptance and improve the quality of care.
A Tablet-Based Technology for Objective Exercise Monitoring in Vestibular Rehabilitation: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Klatt Brooke N , Hovareshti Pedram , Holt Lisa S , Dunlap Pamela M , Zalkin Chad , Tolani Devendra , Whitney Susan L
Published: November 2024

Background

A low-cost home exercise system called VestAid has been developed to assist participants during vestibulo-ocular reflex gaze stabilization exercises outside of clinic visits. The system includes a tablet-based app for the participant and a web-based portal for the physical therapist that provides data to make judgments about exercise accuracy and performance.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility and acceptability of VestAid in a pilot study of 10 participants (mean age 45 [SD 19] years; 6 women) with various vestibular diagnoses.

Methods

All participants completed twelve 30-second horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex exercises in a seated position (6 “easy” and 6 “hard” exercises). The exercises differed by variations in the background color, pattern, and movement. One of the exercises was repeated to assess the test-retest reliability of the measure of gaze stability accuracy and head motion compliance during the exercise. Participants rated the difficulty of the exercises (0‐10 where 0=easy, 10=difficult) and completed usability surveys.

Results

Participants completed the VestAid session without adverse events. The responses from the usability survey demonstrate the acceptability of VestAid. The mean rating of the “easy” exercises was 2.7/10 (SD 1.9). The mean rating for the “difficult” exercises across participants was 4.8/10 (SD 2.1).

Conclusions

The consistency of the mean ratings of the participants with the exercise classifications (“easy” and “difficult”) suggests that VestAid has clinical utility.
Designing Health Recommender Systems to Promote Health Equity: A Socioecological Perspective
Authors: Figueroa Caroline A , Torkamaan Helma , Bhattacharjee Ananya , Hauptmann Hanna , Guan Kathleen W , Sedrakyan Gayane
Published: November 2024

Health recommender systems (HRS) have the capability to improve human-centered care and prevention by personalizing content, such as health interventions or health information. HRS, an emerging and developing field, can play a unique role in the digital health field as they can offer relevant recommendations, not only based on what users themselves prefer and may be receptive to, but also using data about wider spheres of influence over human behavior, including peers, families, communities, and societies. We identify and discuss how HRS could play a unique role in decreasing health inequities. We use the socioecological model, which provides representations of how multiple, nested levels of influence (eg, community, institutional, and policy factors) interact to shape individual health. This perspective helps illustrate how HRS could address not just individual health factors but also the structural barriers—such as access to health care, social support, and access to healthy food—that shape health outcomes at various levels. Based on this analysis, we then discuss the challenges and future research priorities. We find that despite the potential for targeting more complex systemic challenges to obtaining good health, current HRS are still focused on individual health behaviors, often do not integrate the lived experiences of users in the design, and have had limited reach and effectiveness for individuals from low socioeconomic status and racial or ethnic minoritized backgrounds. In this viewpoint, we argue that a new design paradigm is necessary in which HRS focus on incorporating structural barriers to good health in addition to user preferences. HRS should be designed with an emphasis on health systems, which also includes incorporating decolonial perspectives of well-being that challenge prevailing medical models. Furthermore, potential lies in evaluating the health equity effects of HRS and leveraging collected data to influence policy. With changes in practices and with an intentional equity focus, HRS could play a crucial role in health promotion and decreasing health inequities.
Designing Provider-centered Emergency Department Interventions: A Participatory Design Study (Preprint)
Authors: Seo Woosuk , Li Jiaqi , Zhang Zhan , Zheng Chuxuan , Singh Hardeep , Pasupathy Kalyan , Mahajan Prashant , Park Sun Young
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

In the Emergency Department (ED), healthcare providers face extraordinary pressures in delivering accurate diagnoses and care, often working with fragmented or inaccessible patient histories while managing severe time constraints and constant interruptions. These challenges and pressures may lead to potential errors in the ED diagnostic process and risks to patient safety. With the advances in technology, technological interventions have been developed to support ED providers in such pressured settings. However, these interventions may not align with the current practices of ED providers. To better design provider-centered interventions, identifying the needs of ED providers in the diagnostic process is critical.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to identify providers’ needs in the ED diagnostic process by inviting them to participatory design sessions and to present potential design guidelines for provider-centered technological interventions that support decision-making and reduce errors.

METHODS

We conducted a participatory design study with ED providers to validate their needs and identify considerations for designing provider-centered interventions to improve diagnostic safety. We used nine technological intervention ideas as storyboards to evaluate the study participants' needs. We had participants discuss the use cases of each intervention idea to assess their needs during the ED care process and facilitated co-design activities with the participants to improve the technological intervention designs. We audio- and video-recorded the design sessions. We then analyzed session transcripts, field notes, and design sketches. In total, we conducted six design sessions with 17 ED frontline providers.

RESULTS

Through design sessions with ED providers, we identified four key needs of providers in the diagnostic process: information integration, patient prioritization, provider-patient communication, and care coordination. We interpreted them as insights for designing technological interventions for ED patients. Hence, we discuss the design implications for technological interventions in four key areas: 1) Enhancing provider-provider communication, 2) Enhancing provider-patient communication, 3) Optimizing the integration of advanced technology, and 4) Unleashing the potential of AI tools in the ED to improve diagnosis. This work offers evidence-based technology design suggestions for improving diagnostic processes.

CONCLUSIONS

This study provides unique insights for designing technological interventions to support ED diagnostic processes. By inviting ED providers into the design process, we present unique insights into the diagnostic process and design considerations for designing novel technological interventions to meet ED providers’ needs in the diagnostic process.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

RR2-10.2196/55357
Water Spinach (Ipomoea reptans Poir) Hydroponic Kratky System at Various Levels of PbSO4 Contamination
Authors: Khodijah Nyayu Siti , Santi Ratna , Kusmiadi Riwan , Rismunandar Ivan
Published: November 2024

Lead (Pb) contamination and types of nutrients in static hydroponic system for growing water spinach are increasingly being studied due to the impact on the food chain. Consequently, the presence of Pb needs to be considered, specifically in fast-growing plant commodities. Alternative nutrient sources that are cheaper and more easily available should be developed and tested for effectiveness in the Kratky hydroponic system. In general, the Kratky hydroponic system runs without electricity and does not use wicks, making it economical and easy to apply in urban agriculture. Therefore, this research aimed to determine the effect of nutrition type and Pb absorption on the growth of water spinach planted in the Kratky hydroponic system. Test plants were planted for 30 days and the research used a 2-factor factorial randomized block design. The Pb concentration was varied at 50 , 100, 150, and 200 mg/L. The plant without Pb was used as control. The nutrition types used were standard hydrophonic (N1) and alternative nutrients containing NPK and Gandasil D (N2). The results showed that nutrition type had a significant effect on plant height, number of leaves, root length, wet and dry weight of shoots and roots, leaf area, shoot root ratio, harvest weight and stem diameter. The ABmix nutrient type (standard hydroponic media) has better performance than alternative nutrient types.  There was no growth disturbance due to Pb contamination in the form of PbSO4 . Furthermore, the combination of Pb concentration and nutrient-type treatment did not have a significant effect on the plant’s growth and production except for the number of leaves. The combination of Pb concentration of 50 mg. L-1 and AB mix nutrition provided the best number of leaves.
Analysis of Tambau Water Pollution Levels Through Histopathology of Nilem Fish (Osteochilus vittatus)
Authors: Atifah Yusni , Arianti Riri Putri , Vauzia Vauzia , Satria Rijal
Published: November 2024

Tambau Lake is a lake used by the community to cultivate fish. The quality of lake waters can be reflected through animals that live in lake waters such as fish. Fish that have been polluted with pollutant compounds for a long period of time will experience structural and functional abnormalities, as well as changes in histological conditions. This study aims to determine the level of water pollution in Tambau Lake through histopathological studies of Osteochilus Vittatus gills. This type of research is a descriptive analysis using a survey method of Tambau Lake and Osteochilus vittatus. Determination of Osteochilus vittatus and water samples using purposive random sampling method. Preparation using paraffin method and hematoxylin-eosin staining. The results of the study were then analyzed descriptively based on the level of damage to the gill tissue structure with the level of water pollution. The results of histopathological analysis on Osteochilus vittatus gill samples found damage to the presence of (a) edema (cell swelling), (b) hyperplasia which causes other damage, namely (clubbing tissue shaped like a baseball bat and thickening of cartilage) and (c) secondary lamella fusion which continues to become (telangiectasis) which indicates that Tambau Lake water is experiencing moderate - severe pollution. This is also in line with simple water quality results (physical, chemical and biological tests) which showed that the level of pollution was classified as severe.
Hydrolysis of Polysaccharide Caulerpa racemosa Seaweed with Fermentation Lactobacillus plantarum SK (5)
Authors: Sudibyo Muhammad Farid , Santoso Joko , Desniar Desniar
Published: November 2024

Hydrolysis of polysaccharides can increase biological activity by changing the structure of polysaccharide functional groups and reducing molecular weight. Enzyme hydrolysis is an environmentally friendly hydrolysis method because it does not form toxic by-products. Lactobacillus plantarum can produce amylase and cellulase enzymes, which can be used to hydrolyze C. racemosa polysaccharides. This research aims to determine the best fermentation time and starter concentration in the C. racemosa polysaccharide hydrolysis process and the C. racemosa glucose concentration before and after fermentation. The research was divided into phases: phase I and II. The fermentation time in Phase I is six days, while in Phase II, it is 48 hours. The starter concentrations used are 0%, 5%, and 10%. The analysis showed that differences in starter concentration and fermentation time caused changes in the total values of LAB, TTA, pH, reducing sugar and glucose concentration. The best treatment was shown by adding 5% starter with a fermentation time of 24 hours.
Machine Learning-Driven Seaweed Genera Identification on a Web Application Using Teachable Machine
Authors: Azhar Riza Nur , Yudiati Ervia , Sedjati Sri
Published: November 2024

This study aims to evaluate the use of machine learning technology, particularly Teachable Machine, in identifying seaweed genus in Indonesia. The limitations of identification databases and the lack of previous research were the main drivers of this study. The research focused on Panjang Island with three representative field data collection stations. This field data became the basis for training machine learning models for identification. In addition to field data, information from the literature on seaweed visual characteristics was also taken to support the identification process. The machine learning model developed achieved 99.42% accuracy in identifying 13 classes of 9 seaweed genus. The implementation of the model on the web application showed satisfactory responsive performance, including in the speed test on Google PageSpeed. Overall, the integration of machine learning technology in a web application platform provides a practical solution for accurate and accessible seaweed identification. This invention has great potential in supporting research, conservation, and sustainable utilization of marine resources in Indonesia.
La puna como espacio fértil y ensamblaje socionatural
Authors: García-Barriga Magdalena
Published: November 2024

Hasta la actualidad, aún predominan ideas derivadas de las filosofías occidentales de la modernidad, como la “América prístina” (Denevan 1992; Lane y Grant 2016), donde la naturaleza es presentada como alienada de la cultura (Descola 2012), promoviendo una separación entre los ecosistemas y sus habitantes. Esta visión es problematizada por los enfoques relacionales que argumentan que lo social se cons truye a partir de relaciones entre humanos y no humanos, en cuanto crean y recrean diferentes tipos de vínculos y convivencias, conectándose y diferenciándose de forma dinámica, como producciones colectivas ilimitadas que generan distintas formas “de correspondencia” con el mundo (Ingold 2015). Más que una sola naturaleza habitada por múltiples culturas, como ha promovido la modernidad (Descola 2012), existen más bien ensamblajes socioecológicos o socionaturales, porque “vivir es siempre un devenir en relación con otros” (De Munter 2016: 631). Comprendiendo el espacio como el resultado de un devenir, y no como algo fijo o dado, es posible postular que los espacios y las vivencias se involucran dialógicamente, adoptando una multiplicidad de formas y expresiones, no solo en términos simbólicos sino también evolutivos, ecológicos y materiales (Ingold 2000).
Complementariedad ecológica y sistemas de asentamiento del pastoreo andino
Authors: García-Barriga Magdalena
Published: November 2024

Se ha afirmado que en épocas prehispánicas, prácticamente todos los espacios y pisos ecológicos de los Andes fueron habitados y utilizados para la reproducción humana (Dollfus 1981; Gölte 2001; Murra 1972, 1976; Núñez y Dillehay 1995; Salomon 1985). Esto se logró maximizando el potencial ecológico de cada una de sus regiones y conociendo también sus limitaciones. Para comprender estos logros, J. Murra (1972) propuso el modelo de la Verticalidad, o “archipiélagos verticales”, el cual se plantea a partir de la distribución diferencial de recursos que caracteriza los Andes, como resultado de la gradiente altitudinal. Dicho modelo consiste básicamente en un mecanismo de organización económica, política y territorial, mediante el cual una comunidad accede directamente a recursos de distintos pisos ecológicos por medio del envío de colonias permanentes, que conservan sus derechos en sus lugares de origen, una condición fundamental para el cumplimiento del modelo. El envío de colonias a zonas ecológicas distantes, localizadas a elevaciones diferentes y según las posibilidades de cada grupo social, permite a las comunidades tener acceso y disposición de una variedad de recursos, consiguiendo así una autarquía económica. “El control simultáneo de tales “archipiélagos verticales” era un ideal andino compartido por etnias muy distantes geográficamente entre sí, y muy distintas en cuanto a la complejidad de su organización económica y política” (Murra 1972: 460).
Paskanas: Asentamientos transitorios del pastoreo estacional
Authors: García-Barriga Magdalena
Published: November 2024

Las paskanas de Mulluri son asentamientos pequeños, con capacidad para una, dos y hasta tres familias como máximo, donde cada una ocupa un mismo recinto para dormir. Paskana es como un refugio, una posada, donde uno puede pernoctar, encontrar alimento, prepararse para continuar o para seguir en el lugar (Hilario Challapa, Illapata 2014). La definición de don Hilario es breve pero densa, ya que no solo da cuenta del carácter transitorio de este tipo de sitios y su ubicación específica en el contexto de la ruta, sino también porque alude a las distintas formas de ocupación asociadas a este tipo de asentamientos. Por una parte, su dimensión como “majada”, vinculada al pastoreo estacional, y por otra, como “posada” o posta, para los viajeros y viajeras que por distintos motivos transitaban por estos mismos caminos. Por ejemplo, antiguamente bajaban los “marchantes” que se llamaban, las personas que bajaban de Bolivia y dormían ahí en las majadas de Mulluri (Leoncio Manzanares, Guañacagua 2011)
Mutational Insights into GyrA and GyrB Genes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A Genetic Basis for Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis
Authors: Shafiq Anam , Khan Haris Manzoor , Shahid Mohd. , Fatima Nazish , Khan Mo Ahamad
Published: November 2024

The global tuberculosis (TB) epidemic is becoming progressively more complex due to the increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB), particularly with resistance to fluoroquinolones (FQs). This study focuses on identifying genetic mutations in the gyrA and gyrB genes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that drive FQ resistance. Sputum samples from suspected pulmonary TB patients were analyzed using PCR and sequencing to detect mutations within the quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDR). The analysis revealed that mutations in gyrA, especially S95T, are prevalent and play a key role in FQ resistance. Additionally, less frequent mutations in gyrB, such as E501D and A533P, were also detected. These findings shed light on the molecular mechanisms contributing to FQ resistance in MDR-TB strains and underscore the need for enhanced diagnostic methods to identify resistance patterns more accurately. The insights gained from this research offer a foundation for improving TB treatment approaches and addressing the growing challenge of drug-resistant TB worldwide.