bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Buying to Blunt Negative Feelings: Materialistic Escape from the Self
Authors: Donnelly Grant E. , Ksendzova Masha , Howell Ryan T. , Vohs Kathleen D. , Baumeister Roy F.
Published: July 2016

We propose that escape theory, which describes how individuals seek to free themselves from aversive states of self-awareness, helps explain key patterns of materialistic people's behavior. As predicted by escape theory, materialistic individuals may feel dissatisfied with their standard of living, cope with failed expectations and life stressors less effectively than others, suffer from aversive self-awareness, and experience negative emotions as a result. To cope with negative, self-directed emotions, materialistic people may enter a narrow, cognitively deconstructed mindset in order to temporarily blunt the capacity for self-reflection. Cognitive narrowing decreases inhibitions thereby engendering impulsivity, passivity, irrational thought, and disinhibited behaviors, including maladaptive consumption.
RNA-binding protein Musashi2 induced by RANKL is critical for osteoclast survival
Authors: Fujiwara T , Zhou J , Ye S , Zhao H
Published: July 2016

The Musashi family of RNA-binding proteins, Musashi1 and Musashi2, regulate self-renewal and differentiation of neuronal and hematopoietic stem cells by modulating protein translation. It has been recently reported that Musashi2, not Musashi1, regulates hematopoietic stem cells. Although osteoclasts are derived from hematopoietic cells, the expression and functions of Musashi proteins in osteoclast lineage cells remain unknown. In this study, we have uncovered that Musashi2 is the predominant isoform of Musashi proteins in osteoclast precursors and its expression is upregulated by receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) during osteoclast differentiation. Knocking down the expression of Musashi2 in osteoclast lineage cells by shRNAs attenuates nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFATc1) expression and osteoclast formation in vitro. Mechanistically, loss of Musashi2 inhibits Notch signaling during osteoclast differentiation and induces apoptosis in pre-osteoclasts. In contrast, depletion of Musashi2 has no effects on cell cycle progression and p21WAF-1 protein expression in macrophages. Furthermore, depletion of Notch2 and its downstream target Hes1 in osteoclast precursors by shRNAs abrogates osteoclastogenesis by inhibiting NFATc1. Finally, absence of Musashi2 in osteoclast precursors promotes apoptosis and inhibits RANKL-induced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation, which is essential for osteoclast survival, Thus, Musashi2 is required for cell survival and optimal osteoclastogenesis by affecting Notch signaling and NF-κB activation.
Tankyrase inhibition aggravates kidney injury in the absence of CD2AP
Authors: Kuusela S , Wang H , Wasik A A , Suleiman H , Lehtonen S
Published: July 2016

Inappropriate activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway has been indicated in podocyte dysfunction and injury, and shown to contribute to the development and progression of nephropathy. Tankyrases, multifunctional poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) superfamily members with features of both signaling and cytoskeletal proteins, antagonize Wnt/β-catenin signaling. We found that tankyrases interact with CD2-associated protein (CD2AP), a protein essential for kidney ultrafiltration as CD2AP-knockout (CD2AP−/−) mice die of kidney failure at the age of 6–7 weeks. We further observed that tankyrase-mediated total poly-(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation), a post-translational modification implicated in kidney injury, was increased in mouse kidneys and cultured podocytes in the absence of CD2AP. The data revealed increased activity of β-catenin, and upregulation of lymphoid enhancer factor 1 (LEF1) (mediator of Wnt/β-catenin pathway) and fibronectin (downstream target of Wnt/β-catenin) in CD2AP−/− podocytes. Total PARylation and active β-catenin were reduced in CD2AP−/− podocytes by tankyrase inhibitor XAV939 treatment. However, instead of ameliorating podocyte injury, XAV939 further upregulated LEF1, failed to downregulate fibronectin and induced plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) that associates with podocyte injury. In zebrafish, administration of XAV939 to CD2AP-depleted larvae aggravated kidney injury and increased mortality. Collectively, the data reveal sustained activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in CD2AP−/− podocytes, contributing to podocyte injury. However, we observed that inhibition of the PARylation activity of tankyrases in the absence of CD2AP was deleterious to kidney function. This indicates that balance of the PARylation activity of tankyrases, maintained by CD2AP, is essential for normal kidney function. Furthermore, the data reveal that careful contemplation is required when targeting Wnt/β-catenin pathway to treat proteinuric kidney diseases associated with impaired CD2AP.
γ irradiation induced effects on bismuth active centres and related photoluminescence properties of Bi/Er co-doped optical fibres
Authors: Sporea D. , Mihai L. , Neguţ D. , Luo Yanhua , Yan Binbin , Ding Mingjie , Wei Shuen , Peng Gang-Ding
Published: July 2016

We investigate the effects of γ irradiation on bismuth active centres (BACs) and related photoluminescence properties of bismuth/erbium co-doped silica fibre (BEDF), [Si] ~28, [Ge] ~1.60, [Al] ~0.10, [Er] ~ <0.10 and [Bi] ~0.10 atom%, fabricated by in-situ solution doping and Modified Chemical Vapor Deposition (MCVD). The samples were irradiated at 1 kGy, 5 kGy, 15 kGy, 30 kGy and 50 kGy doses, and dose rate of 5.5 kGy/h, at room temperature. The optical properties of BEDF samples are tested before and after γ irradiation. We found that high dose γ irradiation could significantly influence the formation and composition of BACs and their photoluminescence performance, as important changes in absorption and emission properties associated with the 830 nm pump produces the direct evidence of γ irradiation effects on BAC-Si. We notice that the saturable to unsaturable absorption ratio at pump wavelength could be increased with high dose γ irradiation, indicating that emission and pump efficiency could be increased by γ irradiation. Our experimental results also reveal good radiation survivability of the BEDF under low and moderate γ irradiation. Our investigation suggests the existence of irradiation related processing available for tailoring the photoluminescence properties and performance of bismuth doped/co-doped fibres.
Symmetric and antisymmetric forms of the Pauli master equation
Authors: Klimenko A. Y.
Published: July 2016

When applied to matter and antimatter states, the Pauli master equation (PME) may have two forms: time-symmetric, which is conventional and time-antisymmetric, which is suggested in the present work. The symmetric and antisymmetric forms correspond to symmetric and antisymmetric extensions of thermodynamics from matter to antimatter — this is demonstrated by proving the corresponding H-theorem. The two forms are based on the thermodynamic similarity of matter and antimatter and differ only in the directions of thermodynamic time for matter and antimatter (the same in the time-symmetric case and the opposite in the time-antisymmetric case). We demonstrate that, while the symmetric form of PME predicts an equibalance between matter and antimatter, the antisymmetric form of PME favours full conversion of antimatter into matter. At this stage, it is impossible to make an experimentally justified choice in favour of the symmetric or antisymmetric versions of thermodynamics since we have no experience of thermodynamic properties of macroscopic objects made of antimatter, but experiments of this kind may become possible in the future.
Fast frequency-sweep spectroscopic imaging with an ultra-low flip angle
Authors: Guo Junyu , Patay Zoltan , Reddick Wilburn E.
Published: July 2016

Magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopic imaging has become an important tool in clinical settings for noninvasively obtaining spatial and metabolic information on a molecular scale. Conventional spectroscopic imaging is acquired in the time domain and its clinical application is limited by the long acquisition time, restricted spatial coverage and complex suppression and reconstruction procedures. We introduce a fast MR spectroscopic imaging technique in the frequency domain, termed phase-cycled spectroscopic imaging (PCSI). PCSI uses a balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) sequence with an ultra-low flip angle to achieve very high acquisition efficiency with a short repetition time. This approach enables faster frequency sweeping by changing the cycled RF phase and using flexible non-uniform sampling and it greatly reduces the RF energy deposition in tissue. With its intrinsic water and fat suppression, PCSI more closely resembles routine clinical scans because it eliminates the suppression steps. We demonstrate that it is feasible to acquire PCSI spectra in a phantom and in humans and that PCSI provides an efficient spectroscopic imaging method, even for J-coupled metabolites. PCSI may enable spectroscopic imaging to play a larger role in the clinical assessment of the spatial tissue distribution of metabolites.
Facilitated biological reduction of nitroaromatic compounds by reduced graphene oxide and the role of its surface characteristics
Authors: Li Lei , Liu Qi , Wang Yi-Xuan , Zhao Han-Qing , He Chuan-Shu , Yang Hou-Yun , Gong Li , Mu Yang , Yu Han-Qing
Published: July 2016

How reduced graphene oxide (RGO) mediates the reductive transformation of nitroaromatic pollutants by mixed cultures and the role of its surface characteristics were evaluated in this study. Different electron donors were applied to investigate the interaction between RGO and anaerobic microbes. Moreover, the influence of the surface properties of RGO on biological nitroaromatic removal was further elucidated. The results show that RGO could achieve an approximate one-fold rate increase of nitrobenzene reduction by mixed culture with glucose as an electron donor. Selective elimination of oxygen moieties on the RGO surface, such as quinone groups, decreased the nitrobenzene transformation rate, whereas doping nitrogen into the RGO framework exhibited a positive effect. The study indicates that graphene-based carbon nanomaterials have the potential to accelerate the biological transformation of nitroaromatic compounds and that the functionalization of these carbon nanomaterials, especially through surface modification, would further enhance the conversion efficiency of contaminants.
Identification and functional expression of the pepper RING type E3 ligase, CaDTR1, involved in drought stress tolerance via ABA-mediated signalling
Authors: Joo Hyunhee , Lim Chae Woo , Lee Sung Chul
Published: July 2016

Drought negatively affects plant growth and development, thereby leading to loss of crop productivity. Several plant E3 ubiquitin ligases act as positive or negative regulators of abscisic acid (ABA) and thus play important roles in the drought stress response. Here, we show that the C3HC4-type RING finger E3 ligase, CaDTR1, regulates the drought stress response via ABA-mediated signalling. CaDTR1 contains an amino-terminal RING finger motif and two carboxyl-terminal hydrophobic regions; the RING finger motif functions during attachment of ubiquitins to the target proteins, and the carboxyl-terminal hydrophobic regions function during subcellular localisation. The expression of CaDTR1 was induced by ABA, drought, and NaCl treatments. CaDTR1 localised in the nucleus and displayed in vitro E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. CaDTR1-silenced pepper plants exhibited a drought-sensitive phenotype characterised by high levels of transpirational water loss. On the other hand, CaDTR1-overexpressing (OX) Arabidopsis plants exhibited an ABA-hypersensitive phenotype during the germinative and post-germinative growth stages. Moreover, in contrast to CaDTR1-silenced pepper plants, CaDTR1-OX plants exhibited a drought-tolerant phenotype characterised by low levels of transpirational water loss via increased stomatal closure and high leaf temperatures. Our data indicate that CaDTR1 functions as a positive regulator of the drought stress response via ABA-mediated signalling.
Probing the structural evolution of ruthenium doped germanium clusters: Photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations
Authors: Jin Yuanyuan , Lu Shengjie , Hermann Andreas , Kuang Xiaoyu , Zhang Chuanzhao , Lu Cheng , Xu Hongguang , Zheng Weijun
Published: July 2016

We present a combined experimental and theoretical study of ruthenium doped germanium clusters, RuGen− (n = 3–12) and their corresponding neutral species. Photoelectron spectra of RuGen− clusters are measured at 266 nm. The vertical detachment energies (VDEs) and adiabatic detachment energies (ADEs) are obtained. Unbiased CALYPSO structure searches confirm the low-lying structures of anionic and neutral ruthenium doped germanium clusters in the size range of 3 ≤ n ≤ 12. Subsequent geometry optimizations using density functional theory (DFT) at PW91/LANL2DZ level are carried out to determine the relative stability and electronic properties of ruthenium doped germanium clusters. It is found that most of the anionic and neutral clusters have very similar global features. Although the global minimum structures of the anionic and neutral clusters are different, their respective geometries are observed as the low-lying isomers in either case. In addition, for n > 8, the Ru atom in RuGen−/0 clusters is absorbed endohedrally in the Ge cage. The theoretically predicted vertical and adiabatic detachment energies are in good agreement with the experimental measurements. The excellent agreement between DFT calculations and experiment enables a comprehensive evaluation of the geometrical and electronic structures of ruthenium doped germanium clusters.
Experimental controlled-NOT gate simulation with thermal light
Authors: Peng Tao , Tamma Vincenzo , Shih Yanhua
Published: July 2016

We report a recent experimental simulation of a controlled-NOT gate operation based on polarization correlation measurements of thermal fields in photon-number fluctuations. The interference between pairs of correlated paths at the very heart of these experiments has the potential for the simulation of correlations between a larger number of qubits.
Deletion of Indian hedgehog gene causes dominant semi-lethal Creeper trait in chicken
Authors: Jin Sihua , Zhu Feng , Wang Yanyun , Yi Guoqiang , Li Junying , Lian Ling , Zheng Jiangxia , Xu Guiyun , Jiao Rengang , Gong Yu , Hou Zhuocheng , Yang Ning
Published: July 2016

The Creeper trait, a classical monogenic phenotype of chicken, is controlled by a dominant semi-lethal gene. This trait has been widely cited in the genetics and molecular biology textbooks for illustrating autosomal dominant semi-lethal inheritance over decades. However, the genetic basis of the Creeper trait remains unknown. Here we have utilized ultra-deep sequencing and extensive analysis for targeting causative mutation controlling the Creeper trait. Our results indicated that the deletion of Indian hedgehog (IHH) gene was only found in the whole-genome sequencing data of lethal embryos and Creeper chickens. Large scale segregation analysis demonstrated that the deletion of IHH was fully linked with early embryonic death and the Creeper trait. Expression analysis showed a much lower expression of IHH in Creeper than wild-type chickens. We therefore suggest the deletion of IHH to be the causative mutation for the Creeper trait in chicken. Our findings unravel the genetic basis of the longstanding Creeper phenotype mystery in chicken as the same gene also underlies bone dysplasia in human and mouse, and thus highlight the significance of IHH in animal development and human haploinsufficiency disorders.
Nanohelices from planar polymer self-assembled in carbon nanotubes
Authors: Fu Hongjin , Xu Shuqiong , Li Yunfang
Published: July 2016

The polymer possessing with planar structure can be activated and guided to encapsulate the inner space of SWNT and form a helix through van der Waals interaction and the π-π stacking effect between the polymer and the inner surface of SWNT. The SWNT size, the nanostructure and flexibility of polymer chain are all determine the final structures. The basic interaction between the polymer and the nanotubes is investigated and the condition and mechanism of the helix-forming are explained particularly. Hybrid polymers improve the ability of the helix formation. This study provides scientific basis for fabricating helical polymers encapsulated in SWNTs and eventually on their applications in various areas.
Fluorescence biosensor for folate receptors in cancer cells based on terminal protection and hyperbranched rolling circle amplification
Authors: Li Dawei , Ma Yuanzheng , Zhang Ying , Lin Zhenyu
Published: July 2016

A fluorescence sensor for folate receptors based on terminal protection and hyperbranched rolling circle amplification with high sensitivity and specificity has been developed.
Visualization of latent fingerprints using a simple “silver imaging ink”
Authors: Yang Yaomin , Liu Xiaojuan , Lu Yingying , Tang Lin , Zhang Jinfang , Ge Lei , Li Feng
Published: July 2016

A simple, rapid, easily performed method was developed for non-destructive visualization of latent fingerprints using “silver imaging ink”.
π-Extended diketopyrrolopyrrole–porphyrin arrays: one- and two-photon photophysical investigations and theoretical studies
Authors: Alam Md. M. , Bolze F. , Daniel C. , Flamigni L. , Gourlaouen C. , Heitz V. , Jenni S. , Schmitt J. , Sour A. , Ventura B.
Published: July 2016

Diketopyrrolopyrrole–porphyrin conjugates show remarkable NIR emission properties, high two-photon absorption cross-sections and significant singlet oxygen production efficiency.
In situ study of the electronic structure of atomic layer deposited oxide ultrathin films upon oxygen adsorption using ambient pressure XPS
Authors: Mao Bao-Hua , Crumlin Ethan , Tyo Eric C. , Pellin Michael J. , Vajda Stefan , Li Yimin , Wang Sui-Dong , Liu Zhi
Published: July 2016

APXPS was used to investigate the effect of oxygen adsorption on the band bending and electron affinity of ALD Al2O3, ZnO and TiO2 ultrathin films.
Heterodimers of heterometallic rings
Authors: Timco Grigore , Marocchi Simone , Garlatti Elena , Barker Claire , Albring Morten , Bellini Valerio , Manghi Franca , McInnes Eric J. L. , Pritchard Robin G. , Tuna Floriana , Wernsdorfer Wolfgang , Lorusso Giulia , Amoretti Giuseppe , Carretta Stefano , Affronte Marco , Winpenny Richard E. P.
Published: July 2016

A supramolecular assembly of two molecular spin qubits is reported; they differ subtly in theirg-values and the exchange interaction between them is measured and modelled.
Non-covalent functionalization of WS2 monolayer with small fullerenes: tuning electronic properties and photoactivity
Authors: Luo Cai-Yun , Huang Wei-Qing , Hu Wangyu , Peng P. , Huang Gui-Fang
Published: July 2016

Atomically thin 2-D transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDCs) heterostructures have attracted growing interest due to their massive potential in solar energy applications due to their visible band gap and very strong light–matter interactions.
An unprecedented one-step synthesis of octahedral Cu(ii)-bis(iminoquinone) complexes and their reactivity with NaBH4
Authors: Mondal Manas Kumar , Mukherjee Chandan
Published: July 2016

The non-innocent ligands, H2LAP(o-NO2-OPh) and H2LAP, upon reacting with 2 equivalents of CuCl2·2H2O in the presence of Et3N and air provided the corresponding octahedral Cu(ii)-bis(iminoquinone) complexes (2 and 3) in one-step. The complexes underwent reduction by NaBH4 in dry CH3CN and produced H2 gas.
Dinuclear metal(ii)-acetato complexes based on bicompartmental 4-chlorophenolate: syntheses, structures, magnetic properties, DNA interactions and phosphodiester hydrolysis
Authors: Massoud Salah S. , Ledet Catherine C. , Junk Thomas , Bosch Simone , Comba Peter , Herchel Radovan , Hošek Jan , Trávníček Zdeněk , Fischer Roland C. , Mautner Franz A.
Published: July 2016

Dinuclear Ni(ii)-, Cu(ii)-, Zn(ii)- and Mn(ii)-acetato complexes have been used in the cleavage of DNA and the hydrolysis of BDNPP.
Dinitrogen binding, P4-activation and aza-Büchner ring expansions mediated by an isocyano analogue of the CpCo(CO) fragment
Authors: Mokhtarzadeh Charles C. , Rheingold Arnold L. , Figueroa Joshua S.
Published: July 2016

Synthetic studies targeting an m-terphenyl isocyanide analogue of the unstable 16e−, S = 1 complex CpCo(CO) are reported (Cp = η5-C5H5).
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel carbazole aminothiazoles as potential DNA-targeting antimicrobial agents
Authors: Addla Dinesh , Wen Si-Qi , Gao Wei-Wei , Maddili Swetha Kameswari , Zhang Ling , Zhou Cheng-He
Published: July 2016

Synthesis of a series of carbazole aminothiazoles as a new type of potential antimicrobial agents, and preliminary interactions with DNA indicated a possible intercalation mechanism.
Copper-catalyzed intermolecular chloroazidation of α,β-unsaturated amides
Authors: Chen Long , Xing Haotian , Zhang Huaibin , Jiang Zhong-Xing , Yang Zhigang
Published: July 2016

A copper catalyzed three component chloroazidation of α,β-unsaturated amides has been performed using azidoiodine(iii) reagent and SOCl2as azide and chlorine sources, respectively.
Stimulus-responsive non-ionic diblock copolymers: protonation of a tertiary amine end-group induces vesicle-to-worm or vesicle-to-sphere transitions
Authors: Penfold Nicholas J. W. , Lovett Joseph R. , Verstraete Pierre , Smets Johan , Armes Steven P.
Published: July 2016

Morpholine-functionalised poly(glycerol monomethacrylate)-poly(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) diblock copolymer vesicles are transformed into worms or spheres on lowering the solution pH.
Porous MgF2-over-gold nanoparticles (MON) as plasmonic substrate for analytical applications
Authors: Bartkowiak D. , Merk V. , Reiter-Scherer V. , Gernert U. , Rabe J. P. , Kneipp J. , Kemnitz E.
Published: July 2016

Porous MgF2-over-nanoparticles (MON) surfaces are fabricated from immobilized gold nanoparticles of different sizes on a glass surface by coating them with a magnesium fluoride layer, resulting in favorable optical and mechanical properties.
Flaky CoS2and graphene nanocomposite anode materials for sodium-ion batteries with improved performance
Authors: Li Zhiwei , Feng Wenjing , Lin Yaqin , Liu Xin , Fei Hailong
Published: July 2016

CoS2nanoparticles with sizes of 20–30 nm are uniformly anchored on reduced graphene oxides.
Facile synthesis of ZnO particles via benzene-assisted co-solvothermal method with different alcohols and its application
Authors: Maneechakr Panya , Karnjanakom Surachai , Samerjit Jittima
Published: July 2016

High catalytic activity and 82.8% selectivity of CH3OH was obtained using Cu/ZnO–Me.
Nutrient removal and microbial mechanisms in constructed wetland microcosms treating high nitrate/nitrite polluted river water
Authors: Cheng Cheng , Xie Huijun , Yang En , Shen Xuanxu , Dai Peng , Zhang Jian
Published: July 2016

In constructed wetland microcosms, nitrogen removal and microbial mechanisms were investigated by treating relatively high concentrations of nitrate/nitrite wastewater
Plasma modification of the electronic and magnetic properties of vertically aligned bi-/tri-layered graphene nanoflakes
Authors: Ray Sekhar C. , Soin Navneet , Pong Way-Faung , Roy Susanta S. , Strydom André M. , McLaughlin James A. , Papakonstantinou Pagona
Published: July 2016

Saturation magnetization of vertically aligned bi/tri-layers is further enhanced by hydrogen, nitrogen plasma modification while organo-silane treatment reduces magnetization.
Fabrication of a graphene coated nonwoven textile for industrial applications
Authors: Kongahge Dharshika , Foroughi Javad , Gambhir Sanjeev , Spinks Geoffrey M. , Wallace Gordon G.
Published: July 2016

A hybrid electrically conductive polyester–graphene textile was fabricated as a high-performance smart textile for geotextile and/or heating element applications.
Facile fabrication of SnO2@TiO2 core–shell structures as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Yi Zheng , Han Qigang , Zan Ping , Cheng Yong , Wu Yaoming , Wang Limin
Published: July 2016

A novel strategy to fabricate SnO2@TiO2 composite is developed. As an anode material, the obtained composite exhibits enhanced electrochemical performances.
Facile hydrothermal synthesis of SnCoS4/graphene composites with excellent electrochemical performance for reversible lithium ion storage
Authors: Ye Jianbo , Chen Tao , Chen Qiannan , Chen Weixiang , Yu Zheting , Xu Shurui
Published: July 2016

An SnCoS4/graphene composite with uniformly distributed SnCoS4 hybrid nanocrystals was prepared by a one-pot hydrothermal route and exhibits excellent electrochemical performance for reversible lithium storage.
Acidophilic S-doped carbon quantum dots derived from cellulose fibers and their fluorescence sensing performance for metal ions in an extremely strong acid environment
Authors: Yang Guanghui , Wan Xuejuan , Su Yikun , Zeng Xierong , Tang Jiaoning
Published: July 2016

Novel S-doped carbon quantum dots are synthesized and used for the detection of Fe3+ in an extremely strong acid environment.
Epitaxial growth and electronic properties of mixed valence YbAl3 thin films
Authors: Chatterjee Shouvik , Sung Suk Hyun , Baek David J. , Kourkoutis Lena F. , Schlom Darrell G. , Shen Kyle M.
Published: July 2016

We report the growth of thin films of the mixed valence compound YbAl3 on MgO using molecular-beam epitaxy. Employing an aluminum buffer layer, epitaxial (001) films can be grown with sub-nm surface roughness. Using x-ray diffraction, in situ low-energy electron diffraction, and aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy, we establish that the films are ordered in the bulk as well as at the surface. Our films show a coherence temperature of 37 K, comparable to that reported for bulk single crystals. Photoelectron spectroscopy reveals contributions from both f13 and f12 final states establishing that YbAl3 is a mixed valence compound and shows the presence of a Kondo Resonance peak near the Fermi-level.
Study of a condition for the mode conversion from purely perpendicular electrostatic waves to electromagnetic waves
Authors: Kalaee Mohammad Javad , Katoh Yuto
Published: July 2016

One of the mechanisms for generating electromagnetic plasma waves (Z-mode and LO-mode) is mode conversion from electrostatic waves into electromagnetic waves in inhomogeneous plasma. Herein, we study a condition required for mode conversion of electrostatic waves propagating purely perpendicular to the ambient magnetic field, by numerically solving the full dispersion relation. An approximate model is derived describing the coupling between electrostatic waves (hot plasma Bernstein mode) and Z-mode waves at the upper hybrid frequency. The model is used to study conditions required for mode conversion from electrostatic waves (electrostatic electron cyclotron harmonic waves, including Bernstein mode) into electromagnetic plasma waves (LO-mode). It is shown that for mode conversion to occur in inhomogeneous plasma, the angle between the boundary surface and the magnetic field vector should be within a specific range. The range of the angle depends on the norm of the k vector of waves at the site of mode conversion in the inhomogeneous region. The present study reveals that inhomogeneity alone is not a sufficient condition for mode conversion from electrostatic waves to electromagnetic plasma waves and that the angle between the magnetic field and the density gradient plays an important role in the conversion process.
Improved electrical properties of n-n and p-n Si/SiC junctions with thermal annealing treatment
Authors: Liang J. , Nishida S. , Arai M. , Shigekawa N.
Published: July 2016

The effects of annealing process on the electrical properties of n+-Si/n-SiC and p+-Si/n-SiC junctions fabricated by using surface-activated bonding are investigated. It is found by measuring the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of n+-Si/n-SiC junctions that the reverse-bias current and the ideality factor decreased to 2.0 × 10−5 mA/cm2 and 1.10, respectively, after the junctions annealing at 700 °C. The flat band voltages of n+-Si/n-SiC and p+-Si/n-SiC junctions obtained from capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements decreased with increasing annealing temperature. Furthermore, their flat band voltages are very close to each other irrespective of the annealing temperature change, which suggests that the Fermi level is still pinned at the bonding interface even for the junctions annealing at high temperature and the interface state density causing Fermi level pinning varies with the junctions annealing. The reverse characteristics of n+-Si/n-SiC junctions are in good agreement with the calculations based on thermionic field emission. In addition, the calculated donor concentration of 4H-SiC epi-layers and flat band voltage is consistent with the values obtained from C-V measurements.
Collective strong coupling with homogeneous Rabi frequencies using a 3D lumped element microwave resonator
Authors: Angerer Andreas , Astner Thomas , Wirtitsch Daniel , Sumiya Hitoshi , Onoda Shinobu , Isoya Junichi , Putz Stefan , Majer Johannes
Published: July 2016

We design and implement 3D-lumped element microwave cavities that spatially focus magnetic fields to a small mode volume. They allow coherent and uniform coupling to electron spins hosted by nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond. We achieve large homogeneous single spin coupling rates, with an enhancement of more than one order of magnitude compared to standard 3D cavities with a fundamental resonance at 3 GHz. Finite element simulations confirm that the magnetic field distribution is homogeneous throughout the entire sample volume, with a root mean square deviation of 1.54%. With a sample containing 1017 nitrogen vacancy electron spins, we achieve a collective coupling strength of Ω = 12 MHz, a cooperativity factor C = 27, and clearly enter the strong coupling regime. This allows to interface a macroscopic spin ensemble with microwave circuits, and the homogeneous Rabi frequency paves the way to manipulate the full ensemble population in a coherent way.
Non-additivity of pair interactions in charged colloids
Authors: Finlayson Samuel D. , Bartlett Paul
Published: July 2016

It is general wisdom that the pair potential of charged colloids in a liquid may be closely approximated by a Yukawa interaction, as predicted by the classical Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory. We experimentally determine the effective forces in a binary mixture of like-charged particles, of species 1 and 2, with blinking optical tweezers. The measured forces are consistent with a Yukawa pair potential but the (12) cross-interaction is not equal to the geometric mean of the (11) and (22) like-interactions, as expected from DLVO. The deviation is a function of the electrostatic screening length and the size ratio, with the cross-interaction measured being consistently weaker than DLVO predictions. The corresponding non-additivity parameter is negative and grows in magnitude with increased size asymmetry.
Communication: Relationship between solute localization and diffusion in a dynamically constrained polymer system
Authors: Saylor David M. , Jawahery Sudi , Silverstein Joshua S. , Forrey Christopher
Published: July 2016

We investigate the link between dynamic localization, characterized by the Debye–Waller factor, 〈u2〉, and solute self-diffusivity, D, in a polymer system using atomistic molecular dynamics simulations and vapor sorption experiments. We find a linear relationship between lnD and 1/〈u2〉 over more than four decades of D, encompassing most of the glass formation regime. The observed linearity is consistent with the Langevin dynamics in a periodically varying potential field and may offer a means to rapidly assess diffusion based on the characterization of dynamic localization.
Direct observation of configurational anisotropy in coupled magnetic disk cluster using micro-focused Brillouin light scattering spectroscopy
Authors: Shimon G. , Adeyeye A. O.
Published: July 2016

We have directly probed the dynamic behavior of a single ferromagnetic disk as a function of neighboring disk interactions and lattice configurations using micro-focused Brillouin light scattering spectroscopy. At high field, when the disks are in the single domain state, the dynamic behavior of the disk under probe is strongly influenced by the neighboring disk configurations due to magnetostatic interactions. In particular, the changing landscape of dipolar field from neighboring disks as a function of lattice configurations plays a key role in modifying the resultant internal field of the disk under probe. When the disks are in the vortex state at remanence, the effects of dipolar fields on the disk under probe vanish resulting in a negligible configurational anisotropy. Micromagnetic simulations and stray field models are in good agreement with the experimental results.
Metal-graphene heterojunction modulation via H2 interaction
Authors: Cadore A. R. , Mania E. , de Morais E. A. , Watanabe K. , Taniguchi T. , Lacerda R. G. , Campos L. C.
Published: July 2016

Combining experiment and theory, we investigate how a naturally created heterojunction (pn junction) at a graphene and metallic contact interface is modulated via interaction with molecular hydrogen (H2). Due to an electrostatic interaction, metallic electrodes induce pn junctions in graphene, leading to an asymmetrical resistance in electronic transport for electrons and holes. We report that the asymmetry in the resistance can be tuned in a reversible manner by exposing graphene devices to H2. The interaction between the H2 and graphene occurs solely at the graphene-contact pn junction and induces a modification on the electrostatic interaction between graphene and metallic contacts. We explain the experimental data with theory providing information concerning the length of the heterojunction and how it changes as a function of H2 adsorption. Our results are valuable for understanding the nature of the metal-graphene interfaces and have potential application for selective sensors of molecular hydrogen.
Human sperm aneuploidy after exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Authors: Radwan Michał , Jurewicz Joanna , Sobala Wojciech , Brzeźnicki Sławomir , Radwan Paweł , Jakubowski Lucjusz , Hawuła Wanda , Ulańska Anna , Hanke Wojciech
Published: July 2016

The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate whether environmental exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was associated with sperm aneuploidy. A sample of 181 men who attended an infertility clinic for diagnostic purposes and who had a normal semen concentration of 20–300 × 106 spermatozoa mL–1 or slight oligozoospermia (semen concentration of 15–20 × 106 spermatozoa mL–1; WHO 1999) provided urine and semen samples. Analysis of the level of PAH biomarker 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) in urine was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography. Sperm aneuploidy was assessed using multicolour florescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) using DNA probes specific for chromosomes X, Y, 18, 13 and 21. Positive associations were observed between the level of 1-OHP in urine and total sex-chromosome disomy (P = 0.03) and chromosome-18 disomy (P = 0.03). These results suggest that environmental exposure to PAHs may be associated with sperm aneuploidy. This is the first epidemiological study to investigate the relationship between environmental exposure to PAHs and sperm aneuploidy. Therefore, these findings require further replication in other populations using different biomarkers of PAH exposure.
Mechanism of substrate specificity of phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinases
Authors: Muftuoglu Yagmur , Xue Yi , Gao Xiang , Wu Dianqing , Ha Ya
Published: July 2016

Significance

Phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinases (PIPKs) generate two highly important phosphatidylinositol bisphosphates, PI(4,5)P
2
and PI(3,5)P
2
, which are central to many signaling and membrane trafficking processes. The three types of PIPKs are homologous in sequence but demonstrate different substrate and catalytic specificities. In this study, we provide crystallographic and biochemical evidence showing that the complex pattern of substrate recognition and phosphorylation results from interplay between two structural elements: the specificity loop and the binding site for the monophosphate moiety of the substrate. This work provides the first complete understanding of how this family of lipid kinases achieves exquisite substrate specificity. The mechanistic insights presented are timely because an increasing number of studies implicate lipid kinases in major human diseases, including cancer and diabetes.
Insulin receptor substrate-1 deficiency drives a proinflammatory phenotype in
KRAS
mutant lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Metz Heather E. , Kargl Julia , Busch Stephanie E. , Kim Kyoung-Hee , Kurland Brenda F. , Abberbock Shira R. , Randolph-Habecker Julie , Knoblaugh Sue E. , Kolls Jay K. , White Morris F. , Houghton A. McGarry
Published: July 2016

Significance

Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (
KRAS
) mutant lung adenocarcinoma remains an intractable lung cancer subtype for which efficacious targeted therapies do not exist. This study identified a subpopulation of
KRAS
mutant lung adenocarcinoma with reduced insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) content and showed that this group is particularly amenable to Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) inhibition. This finding is the first definitive report of a prohost role for IRS-1 in a solid tumor malignancy in humans. Furthermore, the data supports a novel role for IRS-1 in the sculpting of immune cell composition within the tumor microenvironment.
Characterization of a stalled complex on the β-barrel assembly machine
Authors: Lee James , Xue Mingyu , Wzorek Joseph S. , Wu Tao , Grabowicz Marcin , Gronenberg Luisa S. , Sutterlin Holly A. , Davis Rebecca M. , Ruiz Natividad , Silhavy Thomas J. , Kahne Daniel E.
Published: July 2016

Significance

The outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria provides a barrier that allows these organisms to live in a variety of harsh environments. Here, we study the machine responsible for the insertion of integral membrane β-barrel proteins into this outer membrane. How this barrel assembly machine (Bam) functions is unknown because it has not been possible to characterize substrates in the process of folding. We slowed the assembly of a substrate and observe a partially folded state still bound to the Bam complex. These studies define how and where folding occurs and the roles that the two essential components of the Bam complex play. Understanding how Bam works could enable development of compounds that inhibit its function and kill Gram-negative bacteria.
Nonenzymatic biomimetic remodeling of phospholipids in synthetic liposomes
Authors: Brea Roberto J. , Rudd Andrew K. , Devaraj Neal K.
Published: July 2016

Significance

Cell membranes have numerous phospholipid species that are dynamically modified by enzymatic remodeling of lipid fragments. Changing the structure of lipids can play important roles in membrane biology and dysregulation can lead to disease. Although artificial membranes have been used to model the properties of native membranes, previous methods have not been able to mimic lipid membrane remodeling. Here, we show that reversible chemical reactions can be harnessed to achieve spontaneous remodeling of lipids in synthetic membranes. We demonstrate that our synthetic model system can be used to test the effects of lipid remodeling on vesicle composition and protein recruitment. Advanced biomimetic membranes could help us understand the various roles of lipid remodeling in biological membranes.
Don Lamberton: a view from the periphery
Authors: Doessel D.P.
Published: July 2016

It is sometimes said that Don Lamberton was weak on ‘standard’ microeconomic theory. This was not my experience: he introduced me to some important theoretical developments in the discipline of economics. In my academic career, I have undertaken various studies on issues that interest me, studies which have been influenced by literature brought to my attention by Don Lamberton. My perspective on Don Lamberton is that of, not exactly an outsider, but someone not in the inner circle: my position in the Lambertonian landscape was on the periphery. The paper concludes with some reflections on two issues outside economics.
Linear benchmarks between the hybrid codes HYMAGYC and HMGC to study energetic particle driven Alfvénic modes
Authors: Fogaccia G. , Vlad G. , Briguglio S.
Published: July 2016

Resonant interaction between energetic particles (EPs), produced by fusion reactions and/or additional heating systems, and shear Alfvén modes can destabilize global Alfvénic modes enhancing the EP transport. In order to investigate the EP transport in present and next generation fusion devices, numerical simulations are recognized as a very important tool. Among the various numerical models, the hybrid MHD gyrokinetic one has shown to be a valid compromise between a sufficiently accurate wave-particle interaction description and affordable computational resource requirements. This paper presents a linear benchmark between the hybrid codes HYMAGYC and HMGC. The HYMAGYC code solves the full, linear MHD equations in general curvilinear geometry for the bulk plasma and describes the EP population by the nonlinear gyrokinetic Vlasov equation. On the other side, HMGC solves the nonlinear, reduced

O
(

ϵ

0

3

)

, pressureless MHD equations (

ϵ

0

being the inverse aspect ratio) for the bulk plasma and the drift kinetic Vlasov equation for the EPs. The results of the HYMAGYC and HMGC codes have been compared both in the MHD limit and in a wide range of the EP parameter space for two test cases (one of which being the so-called TAE n  =  6 ITPA Energetic Particle Group test case), both characterized by

ϵ

0

≪
1

. In the first test case (test case A), good qualitative agreement is found w.r.t. real frequencies, growth rates and spatial structures of the most unstable modes, with some quantitative differences for the growth rates. For the so-called ITPA test case (test case B), at the nominal energetic particle density value, the disagreement between the two codes is, on the contrary, also qualitative, as a different mode is found as the most unstable one.
Sensitivity of alpha-particle-driven Alfvén eigenmodes to q-profile variation in ITER scenarios
Authors: Rodrigues P. , Figueiredo A.C.A. , Borba D. , Coelho R. , Fazendeiro L. , Ferreira J. , Loureiro N.F. , Nabais F. , Pinches S.D. , Polevoi A.R. , Sharapov S.E.
Published: July 2016

A perturbative hybrid ideal-MHD/drift-kinetic approach to assess the stability of alpha-particle-driven Alfvén eigenmodes in burning plasmas is used to show that certain foreseen ITER scenarios, namely the

I

p

=
15

MA baseline scenario with very low and broad core magnetic shear, are sensitive to small changes in the background magnetic equilibrium. Slight variations (of the order of

1
%

) of the safety-factor value on axis are seen to cause large changes in the growth rate, toroidal mode number, and radial location of the most unstable eigenmodes found. The observed sensitivity is shown to proceed from the very low magnetic shear values attained throughout the plasma core, raising issues about reliable predictions of alpha-particle transport in burning plasmas.
Electron cyclotron heating can drastically alter reversed shear Alfvén eigenmode activity in DIII-D through finite pressure effects
Authors: Van Zeeland M.A. , Heidbrink W.W. , Sharapov S.E. , Spong D. , Cappa A. , Chen Xi , Collins C. , García-Muñoz M. , Gorelenkov N.N. , Kramer G.J. , Lauber P. , Lin Z. , Petty C.
Published: July 2016

A recent DIII-D experiment investigating the impact of electron cyclotron heating (ECH) on neutral beam driven reversed shear Alfvén eigenmode (RSAE) activity is presented. The experiment includes variations of ECH injection location and timing, current ramp rate, beam injection geometry (on/off-axis), and neutral beam power. Essentially all variations carried out in this experiment were observed to change the impact of ECH on AE activity significantly. In some cases, RSAEs were observed to be enhanced with ECH near the off-axis minimum in magnetic safety factor (

q

min

), in contrast to the original DIII-D experiments where the modes were absent when ECH was deposited near

q

min

. It is found that during intervals when the geodesic acoustic mode (GAM) frequency at

q

min

is elevated and the calculated RSAE minimum frequency, including contributions from thermal plasma gradients, is very near or above the nominal TAE frequency (f
TAE), RSAE activity is not observed or RSAEs with a much reduced frequency sweep range are found. This condition is primarily brought about by ECH modification of the local electron temperature (T
e) which can raise both the local T
e at

q

min

as well as its gradient. A q-evolution model that incorporates this reduction in RSAE frequency sweep range is in agreement with the observed spectra and appears to capture the relative balance of TAE or RSAE-like modes throughout the current ramp phase of over 38 DIII-D discharges. Detailed ideal MHD calculations using the NOVA code show both modification of plasma pressure and pressure gradient at

q

min

play an important role in modifying the RSAE activity. Analysis of the ECH injection near the

q

min

case where no frequency sweeping RSAEs are observed shows the typical RSAE is no longer an eigenmode of the system. What remains is an eigenmode with poloidal harmonic content reminiscent of the standard RSAE, but absent of the typical frequency sweeping behavior. The remaining eigenmode is also often strongly coupled to gap TAEs. Analysis with the non-perturbative gyro fluid code TAEFL confirms this change in RSAE activity and also shows a large drop in the resultant mode growth rates.
The behavior of runaway current in massive gas injection fast shutdown plasmas in J-TEXT
Authors: Chen Z.Y. , Huang D.W. , Luo Y.H. , Tang Y. , Dong Y.B. , Zeng L. , Tong R.H. , Wang S.Y. , Wei Y.N. , Wang X.H. , Jian X. , Li J.C. , Zhang X.Q. , Rao B. , Yan W. , Ma T.K. , Hu Q.M. , Yang Z.J. , Gao L. , Ding Y.H. , Wang Z.J. , Zhang M. , Zhuang G. , Pan Y. , Jiang Z.H.
Published: July 2016

Runaway currents following disruptions have an important effect on the first wall in current tokamaks and will be more severe in next generation tokamaks. The behavior of runaway currents in massive gas injection (MGI) induced disruptions have been investigated in the J-TEXT tokamak. The cold front induced by the gas jet penetrates helically along field lines, preferentially toward the high field side and stops at a location near the q  =  2 surface before the disruption. When the cold front reaches the q  =  2 surface it initiates magnetohydrodynamic activities and results in disruption. It is found that the MGI of He or Ne results in runaway free shutdown in a large range of gas injections. Mixture injection of He and Ar (90% He and 10%Ar) consistently results in runaway free shutdown. A moderate amount of Ar injection could produce significant runaway current. The maximum runaway energy in the runaway plateau is estimated using a simplified model which neglects the drag forces and other energy loss mechanisms. The maximum runaway energy increases with decreasing runaway current. Imaging of the runaway beam using a soft x-ray array during the runaway current plateau indicates that the runaway beam is located in the center of the plasma. Resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) is applied to reduce the runaway current successfully during the disruption phase in a small scale tokamak, J-TEXT. When the runaway current builds up, the application of RMP cannot decouple the runaway beam due to the lower sensitivity of the energetic runaway electrons to the magnetic perturbation.
Non-autonomous basins with uniform bounds are elliptic
Authors: Fornæss John , Wold Erlend
Published: July 2016

We prove that a non-autonomous basin with bounds is an Oka manifold. A consequence is that it has an abundance of holomorphic maps from

C

m

\mathbb {C}^m

into it, and in particular it does not carry a non-constant bounded plurisubharmonic function.