bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Köy Enstitüleri
Authors: GÜRSEL Ali
Published: February 2018

Türkiye’de 20. yüzyılın ilk yarısında
dünyayı şaşırtan iki büyük savaşın örneği verildi. Bu iki önemli olaydan biri
çökmekte olan Osmanlı İmparatorluğundan yeni bir Cumhuriyet yönetimine olanak
sağlayan Ulusal Bağımsızlık ve Kurtuluş savaşımızdı (1919-1923). İkincisi de
savaştan sonra kurulan yeni devletin kısa sürede gelişip ilerlemesini,
etkileyecek yeni bir eğitim ve kalkınma seferberliği olan Köy Enstitüleri
hareketidir. Köy Enstitülerinin, Cumhuriyet tarihindeki toplumsal
değişiklikleri etkilemesi ve bu etkilerin günümüze yansımaları önemlidir.
Cumhuriyetin ilk yıllarında okuma yazma bilen % 5 civarındaydı. Anadolu’nun
büyük kısmı eğitimsiz, okulsuz ve öğretmensizdi. İşte köy enstitüleri bu açığı
ve olumsuzluğu gidermenin tek çaresi olarak, tümü ile yerli bir eğitim, üretim
ve çağdaşlaşma süreci olarak Türkiye Cumhuriyetinin geleceği açısından da çok
önemlidir.
Edirneli Şevki'nin Şiir Anlayışı
Authors: TILFARLIOĞLU Musa
Published: February 2018

Edebî bir
terim olan poetika, şairlerin şiir yazarken bağlı bulundukları veya
önemsedikleri edebî görüş ve kuralların bütününe verilen addır. Yapılan bu
çalışmada 16. yüzyılda yaşamış olan şairlerden olan Edirneli Şevkî’nin Klasik
Türk şiiri geleneği içerisinde meydana getirmiş olduğu divânındaki şiirlerden
hareketle şiir hakkındaki düşünceleri ele alınmıştır. Şevkî’nin konuyla ilgili
müstakil bir eseri bulunmamaktadır. Bu makalede şairin divânında yer alan
şiirlerinden tespit ettiğimiz beyitlerle şiirle ilgili düşüncelerini tespit
etmeye çalıştık.
COMPARISON AMONG DIFFERENT LABORATORY TESTS FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION IN DYSPEPTIC PATIENTS IN SULAIMANI GOVERNORATE
Authors: Khorshid Aryan , Omer Sherko , Abdulla Aras
Published: February 2018

Background

Helicobacter pylori is a helical Gram-negative bacterium that colonizes human gastric mucosa leading to various pathologies including gastritis, gastric ulcers and gastric adenocarcinoma. Colonization is worldwide and affecting all age groups.

Objectives 

To identify H. pylori colonization among patients with dyspepsia using different laboratory tests including serology, stool antigen and PCR, and comparing the sensitivity and specificity of these tests.

Materials and Methods

From June through December 2014, one hundred patients with dyspepsia were enrolled in this study. They were 64 females (mean age 40.2 y) and 36 males (mean age 42.1 y). Two gastric antral biopsy specimens were taken in all patients submitted to esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Blood and stool specimens were also obtained from each patient. Four diagnostic laboratory tests were used for detection of the infection. Blood samples were tested for antibodies using rapid immunochromatography assay, stool for H. pylori antigen with immunochromatographic method and lastly PCR amplification of glmM gene was used to detect the organism in both gastric tissue and stool samples. 

Results

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed that the majority of patients had gastritis and or duodenitis. Stool PCR for H. pylori was positive in 42% of the patients. Anti-H. pylori IgG in the blood and bacterial antigen were detected in 72% and 74% of patients respectively, while PCR test on gastric biopsy specimens was positive in 82% of the samples. 

Conclusion

H. pylori infection was detected regardless of the presence or absence of visible gastroduodenal pathology. PCR examination of gastric tissue was better than stool samples. In comparison to gastric biopsy PCR, stool antigen detection was found to be the most sensitive test reaching 87.8% while stool PCR was the most specific test. No single test solely can be used to diagnose or exclude colonization.
CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF CULTURE POSITIVE ENTERIC FEVER IN PEDIATRIC TEACHING HOSPITAL IN SULAIMANI GOVERNORATE
Authors: Tyib Tara , Fakhir Haydar
Published: February 2018

Background  Typhoid fever is still common disease in our country, and at the present time we are facing resistant cases to usual antibiotics.  Objectives  This study has been carried out to identify the clinical and laboratory characteristics of these microorganisms. Materials and Methods This is a prospective study done from October 2008 to October 2009, in Sulaimani Pediatric Teaching hospital. Blood cultures were taken from patients suspected of having Typhoid fever ,only patients with positive cultures were included in this study. Data regarding age, sex, residency, clinical presentation, duration of fever at presentation, response to treatment and antibiotic susceptibility were all analyzed by SPSS version 16.0. Results Ninety six patients whom with culture proved cases of Enteric fever, 55 males and 41 females. The age of the patients were from 1 month -14 years with an average of 6.8 years. The duration of fever before attendance to medical care was (2-19) days with a mean of 7 days. Mean days needed for subsidence of fever was 5 days ranging from 2-10 days. Mean duration of admission was about 8.5 days, while mean duration of treatment was 14 days. Headache was the most common symptom (67.7%) followed by abdominal pain in 56.6%, diarrhea in 31.2%, While the symptoms least encountered were confusion 5.2% and constipation 1%. Splenomeagly was the commonest sign (56.2%) followed by hepatomegaly (35.4%) and neck stiffness was positive in (3.1%)of the patients whom had normal CSF examination. The mean WBC count was 5.378 109/l, with 61% of the patients having neutrophilia and 20.7% having lymphocytosis and 18.3% having equal distribution. Most of the isolates were sensitive to amikacin 87%, followed by doxycycline 85.7%, ciprofloxacin 81.5%, azithromycin 60%. Cefotaxime and ceftriaxone had sensitivities of about 52-54%, while there was 75% resistance to chloramphenicol and nearly 99% resistance to ampicillin. All cases were culture positive; 99% for Salmonella typhi and only 1% grew Salmonella para typhi A and B. The incidence of complications was about 10.4%,GIT bleeding being the most common 4.2% followed by renal failure and hepatitis 2% and ataxia 1.1%. Mortality rate was (1.1%). Conclusion Typhoid fever has different presentations according to the locality and also may change its presentation in form of outbreaks in a specific locality. The disease was multidrug resistant, this may be due to previous misuse of antibiotics.
NEONATAL AND PEDIATRIC GYNECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS; PATTERNS AND PRESENTATION
Authors: Ameen Nian , Marif Mahdi , Saber Wirya , Muhssen Tharwat
Published: February 2018

Background 

Neonatal and pediatric gynaecological problems are those gynecologic disorders among younger females. Although they are common problems in Sulaimani province, but pediatric surgical unit receive most of the congenital disorders, while the acquired one usually referred to other department, with lack of a guideline for management. 

Objectives

 

To ascertain the magnitude of neonatal and pediatric gynaecological disorders encountered in pediatric surgery unit in Sulaimani and to discover the pattern of presentation and principles of management with clarifying some of the anatomical variation in the rare anomalies with measuring its prevalent rate.

Patients and Methods

A prospective hospital based study carried out on 173 patients, all were females with gynecologic problems and have been managed at Pediatric Surgical Unit at the Sulaimani Pediatric Teaching Hospital and Shar Hospital, between Dec 2006 and Dec 2016. Excluding cases of trauma either sexual or accidental, cases of persistent cloaca, and vestibular anus. The data collected, including age, presenting complaints, type of the abnormality. The findings on physical examinations, investigations and operative procedures were collected and discussed, statistical analysis done by SPSS-21 , p value<0.05 regarded significant .

Result

During the study period, 173 patients had been managed from a gynecological pathology. Their ages ranged from few hours to 12 years, preschool age group was the most frequent (32.6%) and (30.64%) of them had acquired anomalies. Labial adhesion and ovarian cysts were the most frequently encountered neonatal/ pediatric gynecological disorders. The main presenting complains was abnormal looking genitalia.

Conclusion

Gynecological problem not restricted to adolescent or women, it may present in females at any age. Neonates may complain from acquired anomalies, although it is more common in preschool group. Pediatric atmosphere can calm fears about what can be a traumatic experience. Pediatric surgeon manage the congenital anomalies in majority, while acquired cases mostly managed by gynecologists, pediatricians, urologists, and family medicine doctors’ without same guide line for management.
Clinical case of interstitial tubal pregnancy treatment with mifepristone and misoprostol
Authors: Malysheva Anna A. , Abramova Viktoriya N. , Reznik Vitaliy A. , Ruhljada Nikolay N. , Taits Anna N.
Published: February 2018

The article presents the experience of drug treatment of inertial tubal pregnancy. Currently, ectopic pregnancy is one of the most serious pathologies of pregnancy, leading to a decrease in the woman's reproductive health and directly threatening her life. In this clinical case, the possibility of treatment of ectopic pregnancy with mifepristone and misoprostol in a hospital of the 3rd level, with a patient's refusal of surgical treatment, has been demonstrated. At the moment, according to clinical recommendations adopted in the Russian Federation, interstitial tubal pregnancy is an indication for surgical treatment. Instructions for the use of mifepristone and misoprostol do not provide indications and treatment regimens for ectopic pregnancy. Medicamentous treatment of ectopic pregnancy is possible only with early diagnosis, in hospital settings and with the patient's voluntary consent. We have demonstrated the possibility to consider drug treatment not only as a therapy for despair, but also as an alternative to surgery leading to operative trauma of the reproductive organs, which is more extensive with the rare localization of interstitial tubal pregnancy, namely not only removal of the fallopian tube, but excision of the uterine tube trunk angle. Operative treatment of ectopic pregnancy leads to various complications that reduce the reproductive function of patients. Conservative treatment, perhaps, will help in the subsequent to avoid complications associated with surgical treatment and preserve the ability to procreate, in women with a burdened obstetric-gynecological anamnesis.
Children of the Arctic: dynamics of medico-demographic indicators
Authors: Orel Vasily I. , Okhlopkov Michael E. , Grigor'eva Antonina N. , Burtseva Tatiana E. , Chasnyk Vyacheslav G. , Sereda Vasiliy M. , Kim Andrey V. , Gureva Natalya A. , Sharafutdinova Lyubov L. , Roslova Zinaida A. , Orel Vyacheslav V. , Buldakova Tatiana I. , Libova Elena B. , Rukavishnikov Alexey S. , Nosireva Olga M. , Kakanov Alexandr M.
Published: February 2018

Maintaining and improving the health of the population, especially children and teenagers, is one of the most important state task, the solution of which allows to ensure the availability of human resources, the country's defense and reproduction of the healthy population. Currently in the Russian Federation, there are negative trends in the health status of children in all age categories: the growing incidence, prevalence of chronic diseases, the presence of morphological abnormalities, high prevalence of risk factors among children, a decrease of quality indicators of children's health. There is a significant change in the pattern of morbidity in childhood, reflected in the increase in the number of chronic and combined forms of disease, the increase in the frequency of intrapartum damage and hereditary pathology, which in turn leads to an increase in the number of children with disabilities. The issues of improving medical care in remote and inaccessible localities are actively discussed on all platforms and meetings of the circumpolar countries of the Union. It is clear that much of the health of the population in the Arctic is determined by the welfare of the country. However, some progress in this direction in recent years and our country. In this regard, it is highly important to assess the dynamics of medico-demographic indicators in the Arctic regions during the implementation of major Russian programs in the field of protection of motherhood and childhood in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).
Cerebral damage pathogeny peculiarities in local and globalcerebral perfusion impairment models in rats
Authors: Zelenenko Maria A. , Pechatnikova Valeria A. , Zaplutanov Vassiliy A. , Tsygan Nikolay V. , Verlov Nikolay A. , Khotin Michael G. , Vasiliev Andrei G. , Trashkov Alexander P.
Published: February 2018

A complex study of clinical and laboratory pathogenic features of cerebrovascular disease has been performed in rats using two experimental models: local ischemia with cerebral infarction and global ischemia caused by acute or chronic impairment of cerebral circulation without verified site of brain damage. A pronounced difference has been demonstrated between the two studied models of cerebral impairment. The development of brain damage site constituting 20-30% of the total cortex of the impaired hemisphere was demonstrated to be accompanied by a considerable increase of basic nervous tissue damage markers (neuron-specific enolase, S100β-protein), development of endothelial dysfunction and hemostasiological disturbances. Irreparable cerebral circulation impairment by ligation of carotid arteries was followed by considerably lower lethality in the experimental animals, neurospecific markers’ moderate dynamics but however side by side with pronounced and inadequately compensated manifestations in the hemostasis system and vascular endothelium caused by brain hypoxia.
ANTIOXIDANT STATUS OF PATIENTS WITH ATHEROTHROMBOTIC VARIANT OF ISCHEMIC STROKE
Authors: Shestakov V V , Selezneva S I , Sosnin D Yu
Published: February 2018

Aim. To study the dependence of antioxidant status (AOS) on the age, sex, localization and size of the damage focus in patients during the most acute period of the development of atherothrombotic variant of ischemic stroke. Materials and methods. Seventy four patients (main group) in the most acute period of atherothrombotic variant of ischemic stroke were examined. The group of comparison, comparable by age and sex, included 15 healthy persons. The total blood serum antioxidant status was investigated using an assay kit of “Vector-Best” Company B-7501 (“Vector-Best”, Russia). Results. AOS value in the comparison group was 1,69 ± 0,17 mmol/l (median 1,72; interquartile range 1,53-1,83 mmol/l) that corresponded to the standard interval, indicated in the assay kit guidelines (1,3-1,8 mmol/l). OAS did not differ in men and women (criterion U = 26,0; p = 0,816). In patients of the main group, AOS was reduced ( p = 0,000034); AOS value was 1,14 ± 0,4 mmol/l (median 1,12 mmol/l, interquartile range 0,81-1,45 mmol/l). Age, sex and localization of stroke focus did not reliably influence the degree of AOS fall. Moderate reverse correlation between the focal sizes and decreased AOS value was established. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was -0,79 ( p < 0,001). Conclusions. Decrease in AOS during the most acute period of developing atherothrombotic stroke does not depend on sex, age, ischemic focus localization, but it depends on sizes of the focus, subjected to ischemization.
PECULIAR FEATURES OF BRAHIOCEPHALIC ARTERIES REMODELING IN PATIENTS WITH INSTABLE ANGINA
Authors: Khovayeva Ya B , Golovskoy B V , Gerasimova A V , Ermachkova L V
Published: February 2018

Aim. To characterize the remodeling of brachiocephalic arteries in patients with instable angina, taking into account morphological type. Materials and methods. Duplex scanning of brachiocephalic arteries was performed in 66 patients with instable angina and 59 practically healthy persons, comparable by sex and age. Results. It was established that in patients with instable angina remodeling of the vessels of brachiocephalic region occurs earlier, than in healthy persons, and diameter of the vessels of elastic type is changed to a greater degree. Remodeling of diameters is associated with the elevation of pumping ability of the heart. IMC of the vessels of combined and muscular types of brachiocephalic region in patients is essentially larger already by the age of 40 and grows with age. Conclusions. Hardness of the wall of brachiocephalic arteries of all types is higher in patients, than in healthy persons and grows with aging, with increase in pulse and systolic pressure, dyslipidemia.
POSSIBILITIES OF USING MELD SCALE FOR DETERMINING HEPATIC CIRRHOSIS DEGREE OF SEVERITY
Authors: Paducheva S V , Bulatova I A , Schekotova A P , Tretyakova Yu I , Schekotova I V
Published: February 2018

Aim. To study the possibility of using MELD scale for determining the degree of severity of hepatic cirrhosis (HC) and determine its diagnostic characteristics. Materials and methods. Thirty patients with HC, including 15 patients with compensated HC stage (class A+B) by Child-Pugh scale and 15 persons with decompensated HC (class C), were examined. Total blood bilirubin and creatinine concentrations were assessed, INR and MELD index were calculated. Results. Meld index with use of total bilirubin, creatinine indices and INR is increasing as HC is progressing from 5 at the compensated stage to 26 at the decompensated stage ( p < 0,001) and directly correlates with the degree of severity of cirrhosis, estimated by Child-Pugh scale ( r = 0,64; p = 0,005). The threshold value of MELD index to differentiate the compensated HC stage from the decompensated one was 11. Conclusions. Design parameter of MELD permits to differentiate the degrees of HC severity with sensitivity equal to 73,3 % and specificity - 84,6 %. When MELD index is less than or equal to 11, the compensated stage of HC is diagnosed, when it exceeds 11, the decompensated cirrhosis is specified.
RESPONSE OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD FLOW ON APNEA IN YOUNG WOMEN WITH IDIOPATHIC ARTERIAL HYPOTENSION
Authors: Agafonova T Yu , Baev V M , Samsonova O A , Dusakova R Sh
Published: February 2018

Aim. To study the response of peripheral vessels hemodynamics to apnea in young women with idiopathic arterial hypotension. Materials and methods. Comparative analysis of the results of ultrasonic scanning of peripheral arteries and veins using apnea test between 19 women with idiopathic arterial hypotension - SAP 98 (92-98) mm Hg and 11 women with normal arterial pressure - SAP 124 (121-126) mm Hg was carried out. Women’s age in both groups was 18-25 years. Arterial pressure and peripheral oxygen saturation were measured. Angioscanning in lying position and at rest as well as angioscanning prior to and 20 seconds after breath-holding was fulfilled. Diameter and blood velocity were estimated in the brachial, radial and posterior tibial arteries and veins. Results. Apnea in young hypotensive women was found to induce increase in the diameter of a larger number of arteries than in the control group and fall in arterial blood velocity with the absence of venous blood velocity dynamics. Conclusions. The abovementioned changes in the peripheral blood flow among women with hypotension are to be considered as manifestation of deadaptation, expressed by extreme endothelium-dependent dilatation of resistive vessels and inhibition of vasotonic response, probably, associated with excessive nitric oxide endothelial production.
ROLE OF EMOTIONAL DISORDERS IN STRATEGY OF STATIC EQUILIBRIUM AMONG PATIENTS OF OLD AGE
Authors: Sosnitskay D M , Baidina T V , Danilova M A
Published: February 2018

Aim. To detect the mechanisms of maintaining static equilibrium in old patients with complaints for vertigo, depending on disorders in emotional sphere. Materials and methods. Eighty two patients of old age (75-89) with complaints for vertigo were examined. On the basis of clinical data and results of psychometric testing, 2 groups of patients were formed: patients with emotional disorders and those free of them. Functional stabilometric study (open eyes test, Romberg test, optokinetic test) in European standard was performed using stabilometer (MBN-Biomechanics Company). Results. Disturbances of static equilibrium among old patients with emotional disorders are reflected in changed stabilometric parameters of functional tests and are represented by instablity of low-variable parameter - center-of-pressure displacement velocity, improvement of parameters in repeated studies with short exposition and in complicated functional tests. Conclusions. Emotional disorders influence the strategy of maintaining static equilibrium in patients of old age. It effects postural activity and can be measured quantitatively using computer stabilometry. Functional character of ataxia in patients with emotional disorders is manifested by variability of stabilometric parameters and improvement of parameters, as functional tests are complicated. The most sensible is the parameter of center-of-pressure displacement velocity.
ROLE OF CEREBELLUM IN FORMATION OF POSTURAL AND COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS: CLINICAL EXAMPLE WITH SCHMAHMANN SYNDROME
Authors: Akhmadeeva L R , Kharisova E M , Derevyanko Kh P
Published: February 2018

The data on the etiology and pathogenesis of cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome (CCAS) as well as clinical observations are presented in the paper. Schmahmann J.D. and Sherman J.C. described the spectrum of behavioral and cognitive disorders, which are the results of cerebellum stroke and are called CCAS. This syndrome includes disturbances of executive functions and is characterized by perseverations, absent-mindedness or disatractibility, visual-spatial disorders, speech production difficulties and personality changes. The authors considered the historical description of this syndrome, its etiology, pathogenesis and presented their own clinical observation of CCAS in a 70-year-old woman.
CHRONIC UTERINE INFLAMMATION: SOME PATHOGENETIC ASPECTS
Authors: Kobaidze E G
Published: February 2018

Currently, molecular-genetic studies attract attention of many scientists; there are contradictory and ambiguous data on some genes and their role in chronic inflammations of pelviс organs. Some immunogenetic aspects of pathogenesis of chronic endometritis are presented in this review; the role of mutual effect of gene dysregulation and immune system is indicated, the data on possible link between functional endometrium status and pathological polymorphism of some genes are cited.
Innovation in surgical curriculum teaching methodology: vertical integration revisited
Authors: Kaur Manmeet , Mathur Alok V.
Published: February 2018

Background: Vertical integration refers to the learning of basic sciences in the context of clinical and professional practice. It has been seen to be more meaningful and relevant to students. Objective of the study was to design and implement a vertically integrated module for teaching thyroid surgery in a modified way to the MBBS students at Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, Dehradun.Methods: Study was conducted in the Department of Surgery. A total of 200 students (50 each from four batches of MBBS at SGRRIH and MS, Dehradun), were enrolled to the same teaching modalities, materials and evaluation tools. At the end of the teaching lectures, a feedback questionnaire was filled by the students. Thirty MCQs were given both in pre and post session and results compared.Results: Feedback from students was very encouraging. In MCQ assessment, pre-session only 40% secured marks in the pass range, where as in the post session questionnaire, 89% passed and 11% failed only marginally.Conclusions: Vertical integration needs additional effort, time and teamwork from faculty members of different departments. It is useful to have smaller topics of clinical significance covered in one session rather than attempting to cover a broad area, as this often results in a loss of interest. Preparation of curriculum together by basic, preclinical and clinical teachers can lead to more relevant teaching.
Awareness about breast cancer among women aged 15 years and above in urban slums: a cross sectional study
Authors: Katkuri Sushma , Gorantla Misha
Published: February 2018

Background: Breast cancer is the second most common cancer overall and is the most common cancer in women worldwide, both in the developed and developing countries. There are about 1.38 million new cases and 458,000 deaths from breast cancer each year. The aims and objectives of the study were to determine the awareness about breast cancer among urban slum women.Methods: A community based cross–sectional study was conducted at urban slum Shahpur Nagar, Hyderabad. The study participants were above 15 years of age and the study was conducted for a period of one month. A total of 200 study participants were enrolled.Results: Only 35% of the study population was aware about the early danger signs and 66% were unaware. Those who were aware in that 46.3% were breast lump is the early warning sign of breast cancer, followed by 28% said breast abscess, 16% pain in breast, 9% painless lump and 1.4% said for nipple discharge. Regarding skin changes nobody was aware about it. Awareness about risk factors for breast cancer was very poor that is only 21% were knowing about the risk factors about breast cancer. Near about 54% said they are aware about breast cancer by clinical examination done by doctor, 35% said by self breast examination and 12% said by mammography.Conclusions: Intensified health education campaigns should be conducted in the community and they be made aware about breast cancer.
The Religious Dynamic of the Faithful: Neopentecostalism and Consumer Relations
Authors: Meireles Tiago , Lemes Fernando Lobo
Published: February 2018

Abstract: the object of this article is to investigate the changes in the Protestantism associated with the New Pentecostalism, checking your correlation with the consumer culture. The aim is to understand the transformations of Protestants beliefs that make possible a Neopentecostal theodicy in the religious scenario, through exam of the possible correlations between such transformations and broad cultural processes linked to centrality of consumption in modern societies.

A dinâmica religiosa dos fiéis: Neopentecostalismo e relações de consumo

Resumo; O objetivo deste artigo é investigar as transformações no protestantismo associadas ao neopentecostalismo, verificando sua correspondência à cultura de consumo. Pretende-se compreender as transformações das crenças protestantes que tornam possível uma teodicéia neopentecostal no cenário religioso, por meio do exame de eventuais correlações entre tais transformações e processos culturais mais amplos vinculados à centralidade do consumo nas sociedades modernas.
System of Beliefs as Imaginary in Wunenburger
Authors: Azevedo Gilson Xavier de , Lemos Carolina Teles
Published: February 2018

Abstract: the present text aims analyze the question of belief system from concepts of imagery and representation. Your reference with the imaginary and representation is within the approach of Wunenburger, a French philosopher, specialist in studies on the representative imaginary. His work seeks an approximation with structuralist anthropology to analyze symbols and myths in their relations with rationalism in the world contemporary. Part of problem is that belief is a product of human imagination. The basic premise is think that the imaginary would indeed be the source of symbolic constructs of belief. It’s an analysis of one work of that author skewed by other quotes and points of view. It is hoped by this study to broaden the debate around the question of human beliefs and how they are built socially. Sistema de Crenças como Imaginário em Wunenburger Resumo: o presente texto tem por objetivo analisar a questão do sistema de crenças a partir dos conceitos de imaginário e representação. Referencia-se imaginário e representação, dentro da abordagem de Wunenburger, um filósofo francês, especialista em estudos sobre o imaginário representativo, sendo que, sua obra busca uma aproximação com a antropologia estruturalista para analisar símbolos e mitos nas suas relações com o racionalismo no mundo contemporâneo. Parte-se do problema de que a crença seria um produto do imaginário humano. A premissa básica é pensar que o imaginário seria de fato fonte das construções simbólicas da crença. Trata-se de uma análise de uma das obras do autor enviesada por outras citações e pontos de vista. Espera-se com esse estudo, ampliar o debate entorno da questão das crenças humanas e como estas se constroem socialmente.
Nominata dos Avaliadores(as) - 2017
Authors: Quadros Eduardo
Published: February 2018

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Імпульсна характеристика адаптивної антени мережевих супутникових систем для оцінки кореляційної матриці перешкоди
Authors: Kharchenko Volodymyr , Shvets Valeriyan
Published: February 2018

Мета: На основі просторової фільтрації запропонувати метод прямого обчислення зворотної кореляційної матриці перешкоди при невідомих параметрах вхідного впливу для управління діаграмою спрямованості адаптивної антенної решітки, використовуючи імпульсну характеристику просторового фільтра. Методи: підхід базується на теорії випадкових процесів і адаптивної обробки сигналів. Результати: запропонований метод прямого обчислення зворотної кореляційної матриці показав можливість проводити такі обчислення без апріорних знань про направлення приходу перешкоди, про кореляційної функції перешкоди, а також про спектральні характеристики перешкоди. Метод дозволяє зменшити час обчислення зворотної кореляційної матриці і виключити похибки, які викликаються конструктивними розбіжностями радіоканалів адаптивної антенної решітки, що в свою чергу знижує помилку вимірювання напрямку на джерело перешкод. Обговорення: метод пропонується для забезпечення доступності та цілісності (підвищення завадостійкості) навігаційних даних мережевих супутникових систем.
Метод посадки літаків за криволінійними глісадами в межах граничних траєкторій
Authors: Pavlova Svitlana , Voloshenyuk Dmytro
Published: February 2018

Мета:Робота присвячена питанню підвищення безпеки польотів у цивільній авіації шляхом створення і впровадження нової системи посадки літаків за криволінійними глісадами в межах граничних траєкторій. Запропоновано метод спрямований на підвищення безпеки, екологічності та економічності посадки літаків із підтримуванням свого індивідуального, оптимального, вертикального профілю зниження з ешелону польоту до початку злітно-посадкової смуги. Методи дослідження: Пропонується метод посадки, заснований на генерації (розрахунку і побудові) віртуальних криволінійних глісад посадкового зниження, в межах граничних траєкторій, з урахуванням «областей повністю керованого стану» літаків. Результати: Новий метод посадки літака, що має значні вигоди в зменшенні рівня шуму, витрат палива і шкідливих викидів. Обговорення: Суть методу полягає в розрахунку та використанні областей повністю керованого стану, що враховують нелінійності у характеристиках літака, можливі зміни у стані навколишнього середовища, критерії оптимальності виконання посадкового зниження літака, всі функціональні та аеродинамічні можливості літака, для побудові віртуальної криволінійної глісади, під якою розуміється деяка траєкторія руху літака, що може бути суттєво викривлена на межі його можливостей, для зменшення часу і відстані необхідних для етапу від моменту початку зниження з ешелону польоту до початку злітно-посадкової смуги.
Підвищення безпеки польотів при проведенні авіаційно-хімічних робіт
Authors: Udartseva Tatiana
Published: February 2018

У статті представлено аналіз причин серйозного інциденту, що стався при проведенні авіаційно-хімічних робіт на літаку АН-2. Мета роботи: дослідити причини зіткнення літаків з лініями електропередач під час виконання авіаційно-хімічних робіт та розробити засоби профілактики. Методи: з використанням моделі SHEL, рекомендованої ІКАО, встановлено основну та додаткові причини зіткнення літака з лінією електропередач. Результати: стаття містить результати аналізу даних розслідувань авіаційних подій та інцидентів з цивільними повітряними суднами, що сталися в Україні на протязі 2013 – 2016 років. На протязі цього періоду сталися п’ять зіткнень літальних апаратів з лініями електропередач, два з них зі смертельними наслідками. Оскільки подібні випадки мають непоодинокий характер, авторами розроблено відповідні попереджувальні заходи. Обговорення результатів: профілактика авіаційних подій під час польотів на малих висотах полягає у впровадженні досвіду ІКАО, а саме програм підготовки льотного екіпажу: оптимізації роботи екіпажу в кабіні (CRM) та льотної підготовки в умовах, наближених до реальних (LOFT). Запропоновано внесення до програм підготовки пілотів малих авіакомпаній питань, що стосуються реальних авіаційних подій та інцидентів, а також використання авіасимуляторів для тренування пілотів. В якості запобіжного заходу пропонується маркування проводів ліній електропередач пластиковими кулями згідно з міжнародною практикою.
Оптимізація процесу екстракції біологічно активних речовин, виділених з листя кульбаби лікарської (Taraxacum officinale Wigg)
Authors: Kosogolova Ludmila , Polishchuk Bogdana , Kryvutenko Iryna , Yablonska Kateryna , Romanova Zoriana , Hurska Olena
Published: February 2018

Мета: оптимізувати процес виділення біологічно активних речовин з листя кульбаби лікарської. Методи: Розглянуто різні методи виділення біологічно активних речовин з  кульбаби лікарської (Taraxacum oficinale Wigg.), в тому числі обробка ультразвуком, що проводили при потужностях 4, 5 та 6 Вт/м2 протягом 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 хв. Результати: Отримано водні екстракти кульбаби лікарської (Taraxacum oficinale Wigg.) для виділення з них біологічно активних речовин, а саме вітаміну С. Підібрано оптимальні умови для процесу екстрагування: співвідношення сировина:екстрагент 1:20, час екстракції – 30 хв, температура – 25 °C. Екстракцію проводили дистильованою водою.  Обговорення: Досліджено, що при екстрагуванні з лікарської рослинної сировини відбувається дифузія біологічно активних речовин із внутрішніх структур частинки матеріалу. Цей процес має свої особливості. Перш за все, наявність пористої перегородки, міжклітинного простору і клітинних ходів знижує швидкість дифузії. По-друге, у пори перегородки можуть проникати лише ті речовини, частинки яких не перевищують розмірів пор. А також характерним є явище десорбції, що спостерігається в клітині після проникнення в неї екстрагента. Визначено оптимальні умови екстрагування біологічно активних речовин з кульбаби лікарської (Taraxacum officinale Wigg): - екстрагент-вода; - співвідношення сировина-екстрагент (1:20); - час настоювання 30 хв; - температура 25 °C. Ультразвукові коливання оптимізують процес виділення вітаміну С з екстрактів листя кульбаби лікарської і в результаті цього встановлено, що найбільший вихід аскорбінової кислоти при обробленні екстрактів ультразвуком протягом 25 хв з потужністю 6 Вт/м2 і становить 0,076 мг на 100г продукту.
Pharmaceutical Characterization of MyoNovin, a Novel Skeletal Muscle Regenerator: in silico, in vitro and in vivo Studies
Authors: Alrushaid Samaa , Davies Neal M. , Anderson Judy E. , Le Tyson , Yáñez Jaime A. , Maayah Zaid H. , El-Kadi Ayman O.S. , Rachid Ousama , Sayre Casey L. , Löbenberg Raimar , Burczynski Frank J.
Published: February 2018

PURPOSE: MyoNovin is a novel skeletal muscle-regenerating compound developed through synthesis of two nitro groups onto a guaifenesin backbone to deliver nitric oxide to skeletal muscle with a potential to treat muscle atrophy. The purpose of this study was to utilize in silico, in vitro, and in vivo approaches to characterize MyoNovin and examine its safety, biodistribution, and feasibility for drug delivery. METHODS: In silico software packages were used to predict the physicochemical and biopharmaceutical properties of MyoNovin. In vitro cardiotoxicity was assessed using human cardiomyocytes (RL-14) while effects on CYP3A4 metabolic enzyme and antioxidant activity were examined using commercial kits. A novel HPLC assay was developed to measure MyoNovin concentration in serum, and delineate initial pharmacokinetic and acute toxicity after intravenous administration (20 mg/kg) to male Sprague-Dawley rats. RESULTS: MyoNovin showed relatively high lipophilicity with a LogP value of 3.49, a 20-fold higher skin permeability (19.89 cm/s*107) compared to guaifenesin (0.66 cm/s*107), and ~10-fold higher effective jejunal permeability (2.24 cm/s*104) compared to guaifenesin (0.26 cm/s*104). In vitro, MyoNovinwas not cytotoxic to cardiomyocytes at concentrations below 8 μM and did not inhibit CYP3A4 or show antioxidant activity. In vivo, MyoNovin had a short half-life (t1/2) of 0.16 h, and a volume of distribution Vss of 0.62 L/kg. Biomarkers of MyoNovincardiac and renal toxicity did not differ significantly from baseline control levels.CONCLUSIONS: The predicted high lipophilicity and skin permeability of MyoNovin render it a potential candidate for transdermal administration while its favourable intestinal permeation suggests it may be suitable for oral administration. Pharmacokinetics following IV administration of MyoNovin were delineated for the first time in a rat model. Preliminary single 20 mg/kg dose assessment of MyoNovin suggest no influenceon cardiac troponin or β-N-Acetylglucosaminidase. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.
DESEMPENHO DAS ESTRATÉGIAS DE ENSINO BASEADAS EM ORGANIZADORES GRÁFICOS: UMA ANÁLISE DA TÉCNICA DE MAPEAMENTO CONCEITUAL APLICADA NA ANÁLISE DE CUSTOS
Authors: Vasconcelos Yumara Lúcia
Published: February 2018

Esse artigo teve como objetivo principal verificar os benefícios da técnica de mapeamento conceitual na composição das estratégias de ensino-aprendizagem, tomando por referência àqueles apontados na revisão de literatura. O quão útil a técnica se mostra como estratégia de ensino socializante? Configurada nos padrões de uma pesquisa-ação, a pesquisa tem natureza meramente exploratória e embrionária. Os resultados obtidos revelaram que a técnica é eficaz no aproveitamento e sinergia de competências sociais, bem como na integração de saberes intra e interdisciplinares, incitando o aprendente ao exercício da autonomia na construção do conhecimento.
COMUNICAÇÃO ALTERNATIVA: DISCUTINDO A PRÁTICA PEDAGÓGICA E A UTILIZAÇÃO DESSES RECURSOS
Authors: Rodrigues Roseli Viola , Burei Ana Paula , Stangherçin Domingos Carlos
Published: February 2018

O artigo tem intenção de apresentar um estudo sobre “A Comunicação Alternativa: discutindo a prática pedagógica e a utilização desses recursos”. O local da pesquisa foi uma Instituição de ensino de Educação Infantil e Ensino Fundamental na Modalidade de Educação Especial. A escolha desse tema justifica-se pela preocupação em investigar como é feita a intervenção pedagógica aos alunos nesse espaço, para isso foram realizadas observações. O lócus do estudo trouxe como resultado  que  a aprendizagem em sala de aula depende de metodologias e recursos específicos e adaptados ao próprio sujeito que aprende, considerando suas especificidades individuais.
A MULHER NA CIÊNCIA: DESAFIOS E PERSPECTIVAS.
Authors: Alves Daniela Maçaneiro
Published: February 2018

Este artigo apresenta a trajetória histórica da mulher no mercado de trabalho e na educação, bem como uma breve discussão sobre a inserção das mulheres no magistério. Destaca a relação da mulher com os cursos e profissões feminizadas, baseada na divisão sexual do trabalho. Discute a discriminação da mulher na sociedade que veio utilizando a categoria sexo para delimitar o espaço doméstico e privado como espaço para a mulher. Propõe uma análise das discriminações que as mulheres tem sofrido para poderem  atuar na carreira científica. Diante destas categorias de análise é utilizado o termo gênero para compreender como ocorre o processo de discriminação e manutenção das desigualdades entre os sexos que até hoje dificultam o acesso da mulher na ciência.
Can motivational interview techniques be used as an effective method on increasing the compliance of hypertensive individuals with treatment?
Authors: Ozpulat Funda
Published: February 2018

Abstract

This systematic study was planned to analyse the academic works which have assayed the effect of motivational interview techniques on the increase of compliance of individuals with the treatment. Google academic, National Academic Net and Information Centre, Turkish Psychiatry Index, and National and International data base were used as data base. After scanning, 49 articles published between 1. Jan. 2007 and 31. Dec. 2014 in national and international juried journals and whose full texts could be accessed in electronic environment were found, two of which were excluded later due to the failure of full access to the texts. 7 articles were found among 47 articles which evaluated the effects of motivational interviewing techniques on the compliance of individuals with the treatment. The study was conducted only through 5 of them, which were determined to be suitable for the criteria of including to the study. When the papers in the scope of the research was analysed, it was determined that all of the studies were experimental, pre-tested and post-tested and conducted by using control groups. As the result of the study, it was verified that motivational interviewing techniques could be used as an effective method on improving disease perception, providing them with lifestyle changes, increasing their compliance with the medical treatment and maintaining the blood pressure management successfully for hypertensive individuals.

Keywords: Hypertension, motivational interview, Health Services, systematic review
The nursing theses prepared in Turkey and characteristics of them
Authors: Ozpulat Funda
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Aim: This study is intended to reveal characteristics of nursing theses in Turkey between the years of 2008-2013. Methods: The study is conducted electronically scanning National Thesis Center between 11 January 2014 and 03 March 2014, the theses published between the years 2008-2013 are included in the research. Results: The nursing theses of each year are scanned separately in the National Thesis Center, 1461 theses can be accessed electronically. Theses are examined on the basis of the 4 main features as the years of preparation of the theses, the types of the theses, the topics of the theses and theses of the department of nursing. With examined nursing theses; it is seen that there is statistically significant relationship among the year of dissertations, the topics of the theses and of the theses made in the nursing department, Conclusion: Theses of the nursing still remain limited among the theses submitted to the National Center and theses are mainly for the master's theses.

Keywords: nursing, theses prepared, Turkey, characteristics.
Determination of descriptive characteristics of children with apendectomy surgery and related factors
Authors: Sivri Birsen Bilgen
Published: February 2018

Abstract

With morbidity and various symptoms; appendicitis is the most frequently seen health problem among the children and requires an emergent surgical intervention. Although it is estimated that appendicitis develops among 1% of the population under 15 years; it is stated that the most important factor that causes appendicitis is obstruction of lumen. The current study was cross-sectionally and descriptively undertaken in order to identify the descriptive characteristics of the children who had appendectomy surgery and the related factors.The population of the study was composed of the children aged 4-18 years who were hospitalized due to appendicitis at Bağcılar Training and Research Hospital Pediatric Surgery Service between 2012 and 2014. The sample of the population was consisted of a total of 64 children who accepted to participate in the study and stayed at the hospital during research period. The data were gathered using a questionnaire form designed by the researchers.37.5% of the participant children were girls and 62.5% of the participant children were boys; mean age was 11.48±3.48 years. Most of the mothers (60.9%) and fathers (60.9%) had primary school degree. 43.8% of the families had appendectomy previously, 95.3% did not have any chronic diseases. 25% of the children had a perforated appendix and most of them presented such symptoms as pain (70.3%), nausea (70.3%), lack of appetite (78.1%), vomiting(67.2%), fever (39.1%). 38% of the mothers performed a practice (hot- compress, cold-compress, giving massages to abdomen, giving pain killers, hot teas of mint leaves and lemon, wrapping the abdomen, etc.) before the children were taken to hospitals. Additionally; it was found out that the children swallowed seeds of the fruits (29.3%), did not peel the fruits (61.5%), swallowed chewing gums (35.4%) and ate legumes and ate bones without chewing (16.9%).

Keywords: Appendicitis, appendectomy, child
Morphological quantification of myocardial pathology in the Zucker diabetic fatty rat
Authors: Abuderman Abdulwahab
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Zucker Diabetic Fatty rat is an animal model that demonstrates disease progression in terms of complications which are similar to those seen in patients with Type 2 diabetes.The objective of the current study was to employ light and electron microscopy to quantify changes to the myocardial microvasculature and cardiomyocytes in the myocardial tissue of ZDF rats and establish a mechanistic basis for alterations in cardiac function. Materials and Methods:ZDF rats and lean Zucker rats (control) were housed in groups according to their breed. The ZDF rats were supplied with diabetogenic chow (Purina 5008) while the lean Zucker rats had access to standard chow as recommended by the supplier. At 12-14 weeks of age, animals were weighed and sacrificed by cervical dislocation. A blood sample was obtained for determination of blood glucose, and lipid profile.Both samples from LAA and the apex of left ventricle were carefully dissected, divided into small sections then fixed, impeded, sectioned, stained and random sections were photographed and the images were assessed and quantified using Image Analyser Pro-Plus software, version 4.1. Arterioles, venules, intermediate sized vessels, and capillaries were directly counted within the highlighted area of myocardium under light microscope. Ultra-thin sections were imaged in a Tecnai 12 Biotwin transmission electron microscope at a magnification of x4200 and photographed by a camera with a black and white film to quantify different structures of myocardium. Results: Significant reductions in the total vessel, intermediate vessel and capillary density of LAA in the ZDF rats compared to controls were noticed (P= 0.03). As well as a significant increase in the transverse diameter of cardiomyocytes in the ZDF rats compared to controls of LV (P= 0.049). There were significant increase in the basement membrane area of distal myocardial capillaries of both left atrium appendage and left ventricle in the ZDF rats compared to controls (P= 0.008).

Conclusion: Early evidence of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy with a reduction in atrial vascular density and evidence of early structural changes in myocardial capillaries in the ZDF rats was noticed. These changes indicate the presence of microangiopathy in the heart of ZDF rats which is surprisingly more prominent in the LAA.

Keywords: Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF), Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Left Atrial Appendage, Left ventricle, Cardiomyocyte, Myocardial capillaries.