bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
En bloc resection of a thoracic chordoma is possible using minimally invasive anterior access: An 8-year follow-up
Authors: Goomany Anand , Timothy Jake , Robson Craig , Rao Abhay
Published: December 2015

Thoracic spine chordomas are a rare clinical entity and present several diagnostic and management challenges. Posterior debulking techniques are the traditional approach for the resection of thoracic tumors involving the vertebral body. Anterior approaches to the thoracic spine enable complete tumor resection and interbody fusion. However, this approach has previously required a thoracotomy incision, which is associated with significant perioperative morbidity, pain, and the potential for compromised ventilation and subsequent respiratory sequelae. The extreme lateral approach to the anterior spine has been used to treat degenerative disorders of the lower thoracic and lumbar spine, and reduces the potential complications compared with the anterior transperitoneal/transpleural approach. However, such an approach has not been utilized in the treatment of thoracic chordomas. We describe the first case of an en bloc resection of a thoracic chordoma via a minimally invasive eXtreme lateral interbody fusion approach.
Anatomic variation of the thoracic duct and absence of accessory hemiazygos and hemiazygos veins: case report
Authors: Rodrigues D. , Leão F. , Siqueira S. , Carim L. , Lacerda G. , Silva L. , Silva A.
Published: December 2015

The thoracic duct is a lymph vessel extending from the abdomen to the base of the neck where it drains to one of the large veins in the region. Many cases are described in the scientific literature, regarding anatomical variations of the thoracic duct, from its origin, path, until its end, and the vast majority intended to relate variations in the last part of the duct. The reports related to variations of its path are very scarce. In a male cadaver dissection in the anatomy laboratory of the Faculdade de Ciências Médicas of Minas Gerais (FCMMG), an anatomical variation of the position of the thoracic duct was found. The thoracic duct was presented to the left of the aorta and spine, from its entry in the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm and chest throughout its length. There were also anatomical variations of interest in the venous circulatory system, such as the absence of the veins: hemiazygos and accessory hemiazygos, and the different location of the azygos vein, which was located to the left of the aorta. These variations have no relation to each other. The study of this variation is important because the knowledge of variations in the thoracic duct path allows lower rates of trauma and iatrogenic lesions in thoracic surgery, with possible serious complications, such as a chylothorax.
Ovary maturation stages histology and follicles diameter of Melanotaenia boesemani rainbowfish ovary from district of North Ayamaru, Maybrat Regency, west Papua
Authors: Hismayasari I. , Rahayu S. , Marhendra A.
Published: December 2015

Introduction: This research aim is to described ovary maturation stages histologically related with oocytes development in ovary of boesemani rainbowfish M. boesemani from North Ayamaru district, Maybrat Regency, West Papua. Materials and Methods: A histologycal analysis of ovari maturation stage (OMS) of the Boesemani rainbowfish Melanotaenia boesemani performed on 93 ovaries. Fresh ovaries were fixed in 10% Neutral Buffered Formalin (NBF) and embedded in paraffin. Section of about 5-6 pm thickness were cut and stained with Hematoxylin eosin (HE). Results: Histologycal analysis of rainbowfish M. boesemani ovaries based on oocyte development consist of 8 oocyte types not included atresia follicle i.e oogonia, early perinuclear oocyte, late perinuclear oocyte, cortical alveoli oocyte, early vitelogenic oocyte, mid-vitelogenic oocyte, late vitelogenic oocyte, and mature oocyte. The chorion and follicle layers begins to form at OMS II, keeps growing at OMS III, and was apparent at OMS IV. The chorion and follicle layers at OMS V ovaries were disintegrated. Conclusion: Based on ovary histology, oocyte proportion, and follicles diameter distribution can be concluded that the rainbowish M. boesemani classiied as multiple spawner.
Digitalización 3D y Difusión en Web del Patrimonio de las Universidades Andaluzas mediante X3D Y WebGL
Authors: Jiménez Juan Gabriel , García Manuel , Revelles Jorge , Melero Fco Javier
Published: December 2015

Under the auspices of the Atalaya Project we have digitalized a set of artworks and historical rooms that belong to the Cultural Heritage of andalusian universities. In a first phase we have scanned with submillimetric accuracy 24 sculptures from Universities of Seville and Granada, as well as seven historical rooms of the latter, obtaining models that have from 70 to 240 million polygons. These datasets have been used in the newly-created website about the Cultural Heritage of the Andalusian Universities, where visitors can visualize not only text, photographs and videos, but also can examine in real 3D the scanned sculptures, and even perform walkthroughs inside the scanned rooms without any need of installing external plugins, by having used in its development standards such as X3D and WebGL.
Formación de profesionales para la educación en los museos y la puesta en valor del Patrimonio. Máster Universitario en Educación y Museos: Patrimonio, Identidad y Mediación Cultural
Authors: Hervás Avilés Rosa María , Tudela Romero Raquel , Tiburcio Sánchez Elena , Luján González José Mariano
Published: December 2015

This communication presents an educational model based on the web 2.0 through the online Masters Degree in Education and Museums. Heritage, Identity and Cultural Mediation (eMus). This program is hosted at the "Aula Virtual", University of Murcia's C-Learning enviroment, based on the open source software "Sakai" which facilitates communication, discussion and collaborative learning. It is an innovative program designed for an eLearning platform where students and teachers interact developing non-traditional teaching and learning processes. We have achieved to create a friendly and intuitive interface to present the contents that encourages knowledge building, creativity development and critical thinking.
Computer Simulation of Multidimensional Archaeological Artefacts
Authors: Moitinho de Almeida Vera , Barceló Juan Anton
Published: December 2015

The main purpose of this ongoing research is to understand possible function(s) of archaeological artefacts through Reverse Engineering processes. In addition, we intend to provide new data, as well as possible explications of the archaeological record according to what it expects about social activities and working processes, by simulating the potentialities of such actions in terms of input-output relationships.
Our project focuses on the Neolithic lakeside site of La Draga (Banyoles, Catalonia). In this presentation we will begin by providing a clear overview of the major guidelines used to capture and process 3D digital data of several wooden artefacts. Then, we shall present the use of semi-automated relevant feature extractions. Finally, we intend to share preliminary computer simulation issues.
The influence of non-stationary teleconnections on palaeoclimate reconstructions of ENSO variance using a pseudoproxy framework
Authors: Batehup R. , McGregor S. , Gallant A. J. E.
Published: December 2015

Abstract. Reconstructions of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) ideally require high-quality, annually resolved and long-running palaeoclimate proxy records in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean, located in ENSO's centre of action. However, to date, the palaeoclimate records that have been extracted in the region are short or temporally and spatially sporadic, limiting the information that can be provided by these reconstructions. Consequently, most ENSO reconstructions exploit the downstream influences of ENSO on remote locations, known as teleconnections, where longer records from palaeoclimate proxies exist. However, using teleconnections to reconstruct ENSO relies on the assumption that the relationship between ENSO and the remote location is stationary in time. Increasing evidence from observations and climate models suggests that some teleconnections are, in fact, non-stationary, potentially threatening the validity of those palaeoclimate reconstructions that exploit teleconnections. This study examines the implications of non-stationary teleconnections on modern multi-proxy reconstructions of ENSO variance. The sensitivity of the reconstructions to non-stationary teleconnections were tested using a suite of idealised pseudoproxy experiments that employed output from a fully coupled global climate model. Reconstructions of the variance in the Niño 3.4 index representing ENSO variability were generated using four different methods. Surface temperature data from the GFDL CM2.1 were used as pseudoproxies for these reconstruction methods. As well as sensitivity of the reconstruction to the method, the experiments tested the sensitivity of the reconstruction to the number of non-stationary pseudoproxies and the location of these proxies. We find that non-stationarities can act to degrade the skill of ENSO variance reconstructions. However, when global, randomly spaced networks (assuming a minimum of approximately 20 proxies) were employed, the resulting pseudoproxy ENSO reconstructions were not sensitive to non-stationary teleconnections. Neglecting proxies from ENSO's centre of action still produced skilful reconstructions, but with a lower likelihood. Different reconstruction methods exhibited varying sensitivities to non-stationary pseudoproxies, which affected the robustness of the resulting reconstructions. The results suggest that caution should be taken when developing reconstructions using proxies from a single teleconnected region, or those that use less than 20 source proxies.
Fallacies and fantasies: the theoretical underpinnings of the Coexistence Approach for palaeoclimate reconstruction
Authors: Grimm G. W. , Potts A. J.
Published: December 2015

Abstract. The Coexistence Approach has been used infer palaeoclimates for many Eurasian fossil plant assemblage. However, the theory that underpins the method has never been examined in detail. Here we discuss acknowledged and implicit assumptions, and assess the statistical nature and pseudo-logic of the method. We also compare the Coexistence Approach theory with the active field of species distribution modelling. We argue that the assumptions will inevitably be violated to some degree and that the method has no means to identify and quantify these violations. The lack of a statistical framework makes the method highly vulnerable to the vagaries of statistical outliers and exotic elements. In addition, we find numerous logical inconsistencies, such as how climate shifts are quantified (the use of a "center value" of a coexistence interval) and the ability to reconstruct "extinct" climates from modern plant distributions. Given the problems that have surfaced in species distribution modelling, accurate and precise quantitative reconstructions of palaeoclimates (or even climate shifts) using the nearest-living-relative principle and rectilinear niches (the basis of the method) will not be possible. The Coexistence Approach can be summarised as an exercise that shoe-horns a plant fossil assemblages into coexistence and then naively assumes that this must be the climate. Given the theoretical issues, and methodological issues highlighted elsewhere, we suggest that the method be discontinued and that all past reconstructions be disregarded and revisited using less fallacious methods.
CPLFD-GDPT5: high-resolution gridded daily precipitation and temperature dataset for two largest Polish river basins
Authors: Berezowski T. , Szcześniak M. , Kardel I. , Michałowski R. , Okruszko T. , Mezghani A. , Piniewski M.
Published: December 2015

Abstract. The CHASE-PL Forcing Data-Gridded Daily Precipitation and Temperature Dataset-5 km (CPLFD-GDPT5) consists of 1951–2013 daily minimum and maximum air temperatures and precipitation totals interpolated onto a 5 km grid based on daily meteorological observations from Institute of Meteorology and Water Management (IMGW-PIB; Polish stations), Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD, German and Czech stations), ECAD and NOAA-NCDC (Slovak, Ukrainian and Belarus stations). The main purpose for constructing this product was the need for long-term aerial precipitation and temperature data for earth-system modelling, especially hydrological modelling. The spatial coverage is the union of Vistula and Odra basin and Polish territory. The number of available meteorological stations for precipitation and temperature varies in time from about 100 for temperature and 300 for precipitation in 1950 up to about 180 for temperature and 700 for precipitation in 1990. The precipitation dataset was corrected for snowfall and rainfall under-catch with the Richter method. The interpolation methods were: kriging with elevation as external drift for temperatures and indicator kriging combined with universal kriging for precipitation. The kriging cross-validation revealed low root mean squared errors expressed as a fraction of standard deviation (SD): 0.54 and 0.47 for minimum and maximum temperature, respectively and 0.79 for precipitation. The correlation scores were 0.84 for minimum temperatures, 0.88 for maximum temperatures and 0.65 for precipitation. The CPLFD-GDPT5 product is consistent with 1971–2000 climatic data published by IMGW-PIB. We also confirm good skill of the product for hydrological modelling by performing an application using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) in the Vistula and Odra basins. Link to the dataset: http://data.3tu.nl/repository/uuid:e939aec0-bdd1-440f-bd1e-c49ff10d0a07
Mapping dominant runoff processes: an evaluation of different approaches using similarity measures and synthetic runoff simulations
Authors: Antonetti M. , Buss R. , Scherrer S. , Margreth M. , Zappa M.
Published: December 2015

Abstract. The identification of landscapes with similar hydrological behaviour is useful for runoff predictions in small ungauged catchments. An established method for landscape classification is based on the concept of dominant runoff process (DRP). The various DRP mapping approaches differ with respect to the time and data required for mapping. Manual approaches based on expert knowledge are reliable but time-consuming, whereas automatic GIS-based approaches are easier to implement but rely on simplifications which restrict their application range. To what extent these simplifications are applicable in other catchments is unclear. More information is also needed on how the different complexity of automatic DRP mapping approaches affects hydrological simulations. In this paper, three automatic approaches were used to map two catchments on the Swiss Plateau. The resulting maps were compared to reference maps obtained with manual mapping. Measures of agreement and association, a class comparison and a deviation map were derived. The automatically derived DRP-maps were used in synthetic runoff simulations with an adapted version of the hydrological model PREVAH, and simulation results compared with those from simulations using the reference maps. The DRP-maps derived with the automatic approach with highest complexity and data requirement were the most similar to the reference maps, while those derived with simplified approaches without original soil information differed significantly in terms of both extent and distribution of the DRPs. The runoff simulations derived from the simpler DRP-maps were more uncertain due to inaccuracies in the input data and their coarse resolution, but problems were also linked with the use of topography as a proxy for the storage capacity of soils. The perception of the intensity of the DRP classes also seems to vary among the different authors, and a standardised definition of DRPs is still lacking. We therefore recommend not only using expert knowledge for model building and constraining but also trying to obtain spatially distributed landscape classifications that are as realistic as possible.
The Case Against Affirmative Consent: Why the Well-Intentioned Legislation Dangerously Misses the Mark
Authors: Marciniak Allison L.
Published: December 2015

N/A
Prueba de inmigración y márgenes legales del desencuentro. Políticas públicas, prácticas sociales y construcción de la persona
Authors: Devillard Marie José
Published: December 2015

La redacción de las directrices y los procedimientos administrativos que hacen virtualmente posible la inmigración, contribuye a construir no sólo los itinerarios sino también el imaginario social sobre la alteridad. El principal objetivo del artículo es poner de relieve –mediante el análisis discursivo de las Hojas informativas publicadas en la WEB del Ministerio de Empleo y Seguridad Social- cómo la construcción social del emigrante/inmigrante y el proyecto migratorio topan con unas representaciones y envites, instituidos y refrendados  en y por la propia formulación de la reglamentación, pero no del todo explícitos. Entendiendo el texto como una acción que genera otras acciones, se examinan las consecuencias que tiene sobre la practica social de los inmigrantes. En suma, se trata  de vislumbrar los elementos (terminología, fórmulas, esquemas y prácticas inducidas) que van constituyendo al inmigrante como agente social subordinado a micro-procesos y relaciones que se le escapan en gran parte (en contra de las apariencias que parecieran sugerir lo contrario) y van marcando su propia capacidad de acción. En conclusión y retomando la distinción entre principio de diferencia y principio de indiferencia sugerida por Foucault, se muestra que mientras el primero rige las clausulas generales, el segundo articula las específicas.
Indonesian EFL Teachers’ Familiarity with and Opinion on the Internet-Based Teaching of Writing
Authors: Cahyono Bambang Yudi , Mutiaraningrum Ira
Published: December 2015

The use of the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) especially the Internet has been a common practice in education. However, research studies show that the Internet has not been frequently used in the teaching of English as a foreign language (EFL) writing, especially in the Indonesian context. This study aimed to find out whether or not Indonesian EFL teachers are familiar with the Internet-based techniques for the teaching of writing. In addition, it investigated their opinions on the Internet-based techniques of teaching of writing. This study involved 17 EFL teachers from various parts of the country who were asked about their experiences and opinions dealing with the Internet-based teaching of writing. The results of the study showed that almost half of the teachers admitted that they have used Internet facilities for the teaching of writing. The other EFL teachers either have indirect involvement with the teaching of writing using Internet application or have never used Internet applications at all. However, these teachers had intention to teach writing by applying Internet-based techniques for their future practices. The study also showed that Indonesian EFL teachers valued the Internet-based teaching of writing as this practice benefits the students in terms of their writing quality and quantity, autonomy, flexibility, as well as confidence. This implies that with the development of advanced ICT, there is a hope that students’ learning of writing could be improved well.
Compression-dependency of soft tissue bioimpedance for in-vivo and in-vitro tissue testing
Authors: Moqadam Sepideh M. , Grewal Parvind , Shokoufi Majid , Golnaraghi Farid
Published: December 2015

The present study determines the effect of compression over bioimpedance of healthy soft tissue (in-vitro and in-vivo). Electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a promising tissue characterization and tumor detection technique that uses tissue impedance or admittance to characterize tissue and identify tissue properties as well as cell structure. Variation in EIS measurements while applying pressure suggests that compression tends to affect soft tissue bioimpedance. Moreover, the displacements in tissue caused by applied compression may provide useful information about the structure and state of the tissue. Thus combining the changes to the electrical properties of tissue resulted by applied compression, with the changes in tissue displacements caused by applied compression, and consequently measuring the effect that electrical and mechanical properties have on each other, can be useful to identify tissue structure. In this study, multifrequency bioimpedance measurements were performed on in-vitro and in-vivo soft tissue at different pressure levels. Increasing compression on the in-vitro tissue results in an increase in both extracellular resistance and membrane capacitance while it causes a reduction in the intracellular resistance. However, as the compression over the in-vivo samples increases, the intracellular and extracellular resistance increase and the membrane capacitance decreases. The in-vivo measurements on human body are also tested on contra-lateral tissue sites and similar tissue impedance variation trends are observed in the contra-lateral sites of human body. The evidence from these tests suggests the possibility of using this EIS-Pressure combined measurement method to improve tumor detection in soft tissue. Based upon the observations, the authors envision developing an advanced model based upon the Cole model, which is dependent on tissue displacements.
Blood Pressure Estimation Accoording to Photoplethysmographic Signal Steepness
Authors: Gircys Rolandas , Liutkevicius Agnius , Vrubliauskas Arunas , Kazanavicius Egidijus
Published: December 2015

Abstract. The purpose of this paper is to prove the assumption that there is a correlation between the systolic blood pressure and the photoplethysmographic signal steepness. A method for indirect systolic blood pressure estimation based on photoplethysmographic signal steepness is proposed in this paper. Method: It is proved that based on Hooke’s law, the steepness of pressure and volume (diameter) of pulse waves differ by a constant. The coefficient for calculating arterial blood pressure when volume pulse wave steepness is known is presented in this paper. The Windkessel model is selected for the modeling. Experimental evaluation is based on veloergometrical trials. Volume pulse wave was obtained using a photoplethysmography device that is put on a finger. Blood pressure was measured using a semi-automatic OMRON blood pressure monitor. Results: The simulation of an arterial system using the Windkessel model shows that the steepness of pressure and volume pulse waves correlate. Ten veloergometrical trials were performed during the experimental evaluation. A significant 0.855±0.025 (p < 0.001) correlation between the photoplethysmographic signal steepness and the systolic blood pressure was obtained. The calculated and measured blood pressure values vary no more than ±5mmHg. Conclusions: The results demonstrate that the photoplethysmographic signal wavefront can be successfully applied in wearable devices that can be used for constant 24 hour registration of blood pressure for both home use and clinical practice.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.itc.44.4.12562
Investigation of Artifacts Left by BitTorrent Client on the Local Computer Operating under Windows 8.1
Authors: Venčkauskas Algimantas , Jusas Vacius , Paulikas Kęstutis , Toldinas Jevgenijus
Published: December 2015

BitTorrent client application is a popular tool to download large files from Internet, but this application is quite frequently used for illegal purposes that are one of the types of cybercrimes. If order to fight against this type of cybercrime we carried out the research, during which we investigated the evidences left by BitTorrent client application in registry under Windows 8.1 operating system. The experiment was carried out in three steps: installation, download, and uninstallation. The snapshots of registry were taken and compared prior and after each step. Changes in Windows registry were collected and joined into tables. The experiment revealed that BitTorrent client application creates Windows registry artefacts that can contain information which might be used as evidence during an investigation. The evidence remains in the registry even after the removal of the application, although it can really prove the fact of usage of the application only. The investigation of file system can reveal the purpose and the contents of the BitTorrent client session.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.itc.44.4.13082
Reconfigurable Control of Two-Time Scale Systems in Presence of Additive Faults
Authors: Tellili Adel , Abdelkrim Nouceyba , Challouf Amina , Abdelkrim Mohamed Naceur
Published: December 2015

This work presents an adaptive approach for fault tolerant control of singularly perturbed systems, where both actuator and sensor faults are examined in presence of external disturbances. For sensor faults, an adaptive controller is designed based on an output-feedback control scheme. The feedback controller gain is determined in order to stabilize the closed-loop system in the fault free case and vanishing disturbance, while the additive gain is updated using an adaptive law to compensate for the sensor faults and the external disturbances. To correct the actuator faults, a state-feedback control method based on adaptive mechanism is considered. The both proposed controllers depend on the singular perturbation parameter ε leading to ill-conditioned problems. A well-posed problem is obtained by simplifying the Lyapunov equations and subsequently the controllers using the singular perturbation method and the reduced subsystems yielding to an ε-independent controller. The control scheme, designed based on the Lyapunov stability theory, guarantees asymptotic stability in presence of additive faults and external disturbances provided the singular perturbation parameter is sufficiently small. Finally, a numerical example is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the obtained results.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.itc.44.4.8532
Does Hard Work Pay Off? The Influence of Perceived Effort on Romantic Attraction
Authors: Dwiggins Jennifer R. , Lewandowski Gary W.
Published: December 2015

This study examines how a person’s willingness to exert effort affects how others perceive their romantic desirability. The study also examines whether the participants’ implicit theory of personality (incremental or entity) influences ratings of the target’s romantic desirability based on the target’s level of effort. Seventy-eight (17 males, 61 females) single college students participated in the study. Participants read one of four descriptions of a target. The descriptions manipulated both the target’s ability (hard work or natural ability) and success (successful or unsuccessful). Participants also completed a measure to assess their implicit theory of personality. Participants then rated the target’s desirability. There was a significant difference in desirability ratings of the target for the main effect of ability. There were no other significant differences found between the variables. The findings suggest that when a person expends effort, they are more romantically desirable regardless of how successful they are. Findings also suggest that a person’s implicit theory of personality does not interact with the target’s effort to affect romantic desirability.
Iranian-American’s Perceptions of Prejudice and Discrimination: Differences Between Muslim, Jewish, and Non-Religious Iranian-Americans
Authors: Paige Shari , Hatfield Elaine , Liang Lu
Published: December 2015

Recent political events have created a political and social climate in the United States that promotes prejudice against Middle Eastern, Iranian, and Muslim peoples. In this study, we were interested in investigating two major questions: (1) How much ethnic harassment do Iranian-American men and women from various religious backgrounds (Muslim, Jewish, or no religious affiliation at all) perceive in their day-to-day interactions? (2) To what extent does the possession of stereotypical Middle Eastern, Iranian, or Muslim traits (an accent, dark skin, wearing of religious symbols, traditional garb, etc.) spark prejudice and thus the perception of ethnic harassment? Subjects were recruited from two very different sources: (1) shoppers at grocery stores in Iranian-American neighborhoods in Los Angeles, and (2) a survey posted on an online survey site. A total of 338 Iranian-Americans, ages 18 and older, completed an in-person or online questionnaire that included the following: a request for demographic information, an assessment of religious preferences, a survey of how “typically” Iranian-American Muslim or Iranian-American Jewish the respondents’ traits were, and the Ethnic Harassment Experiences Scale. One surprise was that, in general, our participants reported experiencing a great deal of ethnic harassment. As predicted, Iranian-American Muslim men perceived the most discrimination—far more discrimination than did American Muslim women. Overall, there were no significant differences between the various religious groups. All felt discriminated against. Iranian-American men and women, whose appearance was stereotypically Middle Eastern (i.e., they wore Middle Eastern clothing), who had sub-ethnic identification, and who had lower family income, generally reported experiencing the most prejudice.
Dispersion and frequency: Is there any difference as regards their relation to L2 vocabulary gains?
Authors: Alcaraz-Mármol Gema
Published: December 2015

Despite the current importance given to L2 vocabulary acquisition in the last two decades, considerable
deficiencies are found in L2 students’ vocabulary size. One of the aspects that may influence vocabulary
learning is word frequency. However, scholars warn that frequency may lead to wrong conclusions if the way
words are distributed is ignored. That is to say, it seems that not only the number of occurrences (frequency)
might affect L2 vocabulary acquisition, but also the way occurrences are distributed (distribution). This
relationship between these two factors is represented by the so-called Gries’ index, known as dispersion. The
present study aims to find out whether dispersion is more an accurate and reliable predictor for L2 vocabulary
learning than frequency only.
Influence of chemical composition on the properties of directly coevaporated Cu–Zn–Sn–S-based thin films and solar cells
Authors: Mise Takahiro , Tajima Shin , Fukano Tatsuo , Higuchi Kazuo , Katagiri Hironori
Published: December 2015

The influence of the Zn/Sn atomic ratio on the properties of the Cu–Zn–Sn–S-based film microstructure and solar cells was investigated. In addition to a small amount of SnS, Cu2SnS3, and ZnS coexisted in Zn-poor (Zn/Sn < 1) films, while Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) was not formed. In contrast, the direct growth of a highly crystalline kesterite CZTS phase was evident in Zn-rich (Zn/Sn > 1) films, in which a ZnS phase was inevitably formed as a secondary phase. Despite its coexistence with CZTS in highly Zn-rich films, excess ZnS had a negligible influence on the crystalline quality of CZTS. Solar cells fabricated with more highly Zn-rich films exhibited better device properties, indicating that the ZnS inevitably present in these films positively impacted cell performance, especially the open-circuit voltage and fill factor. The best cell (Zn/Sn = 1.6) yielded an efficiency of 4.61%. The possible ZnS passivation of microstructural defects in CZTS cells is also discussed.
BRINQUEDO PROIBIDO (1952): NO TERRENO INFINDÁVEL DAS CRUZINHAS, DAS PEDRAS, DOS ANIMAIS, DAS FLORES, DOS CACOS DE LOUÇA E DOS CARAMUJOS...HAVIA INFÂNCIA
Authors: Rechia Karen Christine
Published: December 2015

Paulette é uma garotinha que tem seus pais mortos num ataque durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial numa estrada em que caminham refugiados. Carregando seu cachorrinho morto – a única memória que ela pode carregar - chega numa fazenda francesa e faz amizade com o menino Michel. Juntos eles criam um cemitério para os animais mortos. O que se quer destacar é o jogo que se configura entre as duas crianças na e para a construção do cemitério: quanto mais cruzes e mais animais mortos, mais felicidade para Paulette. Michel quer agradá-la: esmaga a barata com o lápis, traduzindo em forma de um bombardeio sua própria percepção da guerra: "se queres enterrá-los, tem que estar mortos." Na constituição de locais narrativos há jogos que envolvem a vivência da guerra e seu imponderável.
ARTEFATOS CULTURAIS INFANTIS QUE CONVIDAM A TER UM CORPO NORMAL: UMA HISTÓRIA QUE VIRA FILME - O SOLDADINHO DE CHUMBO
Authors: Marques Circe Mara , Dornelles Leni Vieira
Published: December 2015

Esse artigo apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa que buscou investigar e problematizar os discursos das estudantes de Pedagogia acerca do corpo tido como anormal. Para discutir os conceitos de anormal, de diferença e de normalização foi tomado como mote a trama O Soldadinho de Chumbo, escrito por Andersen no século XIX. As análises têm como referência os estudos culturais e de inspiração foucaultiana. Visibiliza os modos como professoras em formação e crianças da educação infantil são convidadas a terem um corpo “normal”, a partir da discursividade colocada em circulação nos diferentes artefatos culturais infantis. 
O MODELO COMUNITÁRIO DE EDUCAÇÃO NA MESORREGIÃO
Authors: Eidt Paulino , Guindani Evandro Ricardo , Tedesco Anderson Luiz
Published: December 2015

Este artigo teve como propósito inicial o estudo da trama de relações históricas, sociais e econômicas que teceu a vida dos colonizadores da grande Região Oeste de Santa Catarina. Para tanto, foram realizados diversos procedimentos metodológicos, consequência do empirismo da sensação e percepção, mas também documental, intuitivo e dialético. Nesta disposição, o objetivo foi investigar as iniciativas comunitárias dos povos de descendência europeia, isolados geográfica e culturalmente na I metade do Século XX que, através de ações coletivas, instalaram e mantiveram um modelo comunitário de Educação desvinculado da estrutura estatal. Os núcleos foram projetados para acolher todas as formas associativas da comunidade (Igreja, clubes, escola, cemitério e áreas de lazer). Em meio à selva, onde a sobrevivência só foi possível mediante a criação de um laço social horizontal, as 100 famílias, que em média compunham uma comunidade, construíram a escola, contrataram e pagavam seu professor e estabeleceram ações pedagógicas e conteúdos programáticos para seus filhos. O controle das engrenagens administrativas e as bases filosóficas e ideológicas da educação, invariavelmente foram assumidas pela comunidade escolar. Observou-se ainda que em meio ao espaço natural do Oeste catarinense, tanto os povos pré-capitalistas da região quanto os povos das frentes agrícolas abrigaram um modus vivendi, sem a presença do Estado e mantiveram num modelo comunitário coeso, holístico e centrípeto. Constatou-se que, a partir da Segunda metade do Século XX, toda a mesorregião de Santa Catarina, passou sob a égide do controle do Estado. Por conseguinte, a presença estatal, o nacionalismo, a entrada mais agressiva do capitalismo impôs relações sociais mais verticalizadas.
SER PROFESSOR: DAS REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS À RELAÇÃO COM O SABER
Authors: Baccon Ana Lúcia Pereira , Mendes Thamiris Christine , Ferreira Adriano Charles , Rosso Ademir José
Published: December 2015

O artigo refere-se a uma pesquisa realizada junto a 161 professores em processo de formação continuada pelo Plano de Desenvolvimento Educacional (PDE) do Estado do Paraná. Tem como objetivo compreender o ser professor a partir da relação que docentes da rede pública estadual de ensino construíram com o saber. Para chegar à relação com o saber primeiramente nos debruçamos sobre a representação social dos participantes da investigação sobre a profissão docente a partir da abordagem estrutural. Do ponto de vista metodológico os dados foram recolhidos por meio de questionário composto por perguntas abertas. As análises das informações seguem procedimentos quantitativos com o uso dos softwares EVOC e SIMI seguidos de procedimentos qualitativos. Nos resultados enfatiza-se que as representações dos professores apontam como provável núcleo central o comprometimento e a dedicação, seguidas da formação e perseverança, indicando que as representações dos professores se constituem com base na sua relação com o saber.
MUNICIPALIZAÇÃO DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL NO CONTEXTO DA POLÍTICA DE FUNDOS (FUNDEF-FUNDEB): ANÁLISE DE DOIS MUNICÍPIOS PAULISTAS
Authors: Militão Silvio Cesar Nunes
Published: December 2015

Este artigo propôs analisar os “processos” de municipalização do ensino fundamental que se desenvolvem em dois municípios paulistas, objetivando desvelar o comportamento da educação municipal em tempos de FUNDEF/FUNDEB. De natureza qualitativa, o estudo se valeu de pesquisa bibliográfica/documental e de coleta de dados empíricos com treze fontes-chave de informação, bem como da técnica da análise de conteúdo. Os resultados obtidos revelam que os municípios pesquisados, mesmo sem possuir experiência/preparo/estrutura para repentinamente ofertar/gerir o ensino fundamental, aderiram à municipalização e acabaram por acompanhar as seguintes tendências gerais: (1) municipalização motivada pelo FUNDEF; (2) preferência pelas séries iniciais; (3) segmentação do ensino fundamental; (4) municipalização materializada via convênio de parceria; e (5) desaceleração nas taxas de crescimento da educação infantil. Excetuando-se a última, as demais tendências supracitadas se mantiveram mesmo durante a vigência do FUNDEB. Os resultados mostram, também, que os dois municípios estudados vêm buscando outras “saídas” que não o “apostilamento” para superar suas dificuldades administrativas, pedagógicas e financeiras no tocante à oferta e gestão do ensino fundamental, seja por razões econômicas ou convicções pedagógicas. Por fim, se tomado o IDEB como parâmetro, os resultados indicam tratar-se de dois casos êxitos de municipalização do ensino fundamental, ainda que adversidades e limitações para oferta da educação em âmbito municipal continuem a persistir.
A HISTÓRIA DA ARTE EM BLOGS DO BRASIL
Authors: Sales José Albio Moreira de , Fiuza Fialho Lia Machado , Lima Maria Socorro Lucena
Published: December 2015

Objetiva-se compreender o ensino de Arte em processos de formação artística e estética em blogs brasileiros, desde a identificação dos conteúdos de história da Arte veiculados nesses ambientes virtuais. O escopo desvela quais os blogs nacionais e conteúdos neles inseridos acerca da História da Arte, e, como os conhecimentos disseminados nesse ambiente virtual podem possibilitar aprendizagens no conceito da educação. Realizou-se uma pesquisa virtual, nos blogs brasileiros na web, com os descritores Arte, História e Educação. Foram localizados dez blogs, sendo estes considerados a fonte para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa. Desenvolveu-se um estudo de caso registrado em diário de campo, que possibilitou identificar concepções e práticas relacionadas com o uso de textos, imagens, estilos e períodos da História da Arte no Brasil. Tais achados suscitaram ações, a curto e a longo prazo, de professores desse campo do saber, com vistas a promover debates sobre os usos dos espaços de Arte na web, questionando se é necessário direcioná-los a processos educativos de formação estética numa perspectiva que permita se promover uma visão crítica da produção artística regional e nacional e o empoderamento do leitor pelo desenvolvimento da criticidade.

PALAVRAS CHAVE: História da Arte. Educação. Blog
Alcohol policies and impaired driving in the United States: Effects of driving- vs. drinking-oriented policies
Authors: Xuan Ziming , Blanchette Jason G. , Nelson Toben F. , Heeren Timothy C. , Nguyen Thien H. , Naimi Timothy S.
Published: December 2015

Xuan, Z., Blanchette, J., Nelson, T., Heeren, T., Nguyen, T., & Naimi, T. (2015). Alcohol policies and impaired driving in the United States: Effects of driving- vs. drinking-oriented policies. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 4(2), 119-130. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v4i2.205Aims: To test the hypotheses that stronger policy environments are associated with less impaired driving and that driving-orientedand drinking-oriented policy subgroups are independently associated with impaired driving.Design: State-level data on 29 policies in 50 states from 2001-2009 were used as lagged exposures in generalized linearregression models to predict self-reported impaired driving.Setting: Fifty United States and Washington, D.C.Participants: A total of 1,292,245 adults (≥ 18 years old) biennially from 2002–2010.Measures: Alcohol Policy Scale scores representing the alcohol policy environment were created by summing policies weightedby their efficacy and degree of implementation by state-year. Past-30-day alcohol-impaired driving from 2002–2010 wasobtained from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System surveys.Findings: Higher Alcohol Policy Scale scores are strongly associated with lower state-level prevalence and individual-level risk of impaired driving. After accounting for driving-oriented policies, drinking-oriented policies had a robust independent association with reduced likelihood of impaired driving. Reduced binge drinking mediates the relationship between drinking-oriented policies and impaired driving, and driving-oriented policies reduce the likelihood of impaired driving among binge drinkers.Conclusions: Efforts to reduce alcohol-impaired driving should focus on reducing excessive drinking in addition to preventing driving among those who are impaired.
Biocatalysis
Authors: Torrelo Guzman , Hanefeld Ulf , Hollmann Frank
Published: December 2015

Biocatalysis, the use of enzymes—either as isolated enzymes or in whole cells—to accelerate chemical transformations, is one of the approaches available to the organic chemist. Key advantages of biocatalysis are its high selectivity and the high rate of chemical transformations at relatively mild reaction conditions, and as a result, the simplified downstream processing and more cost‐effective synthesis. Therefore, it is not surprising that interest in industrial biocatalysis has been on the rise.

The aim of this chapter is to provide the process chemist with a general overview of the available enzymes and the chemistries they enable and to discuss concepts in biocatalysis highlighted by selected examples.
Chemical Process Design
Authors: Smith Robin
Published: December 2015

Chemical process design requires the selection of a series of processing steps and their integration to form a complete manufacturing system. Once a structure for the process has been established, then a mathematical model of the process can be developed and the process simulated. The type of product, scale of production, and life cycle of the product have major influences on the priorities in chemical process design. Short life cycles require the design of multiproduct processes.

Chemical processes should be designed to maximize the sustainability of industrial activity. For chemical processing, this means that processes should use raw materials, energy, and water as efficiently as is economic and practicable, both to prevent the production of waste that can be environmentally harmful and to preserve the sources of raw materials, energy, and water as much as possible. All aspects of chemical processing must feature good health and safety practice.

The design might be a new design or the retrofit of an existing process. If the design is a retrofit, then one of the objectives should be to maximize the use of existing equipment, even if it is not ideally suited to its new purpose. Both continuous and batch process operation can be used. Different approaches to chemical process design can be adopted.
Human gait and Clinical Movement Analysis
Authors: Abu‐Faraj Ziad O. , Harris Gerald F. , Smith Peter A. , Hassani Sahar
Published: December 2015

Human locomotion is an acquired yet complex behavior requiring little thought during routine activities. It involves the integration of intricate sensory information within the nervous system, resulting in motor commands to control muscle contraction, and subsequent joint movement. Nevertheless, the understanding of the development of coordinated gait activity is lacking, despite numerous and profound advances in science and technology. As such, the quest for knowledge in the field of Human Motion Analysis pertaining to normal and pathological gait poses a challenge to various disciplines, such as biomechanical engineering, orthopedics, physical medicine and rehabilitation, kinesiology, physical therapy, and sports medicine. This manuscript address Human Motion Analysis with a perspective on its evolutionary development, its present status, and a forecast of its future. A representation of the physiological basis of locomotion and some relevant anatomical terminology and gait‐related characteristics and terminology is also included. The article contains a substantial coverage of gait analysis methodologies and systems, with emphasis on systems' accuracy and reliability. A delineation of biomechanical modeling of gait data, including ground reaction forces, plantar pressures, kinematics, kinetics, dynamic electromyography, and energy expenditure is also presented. Additionally, a section on foot and ankle motion analysis is provided. The manuscript concludes by addressing clinical interpretation and decision making.
Chromatography, HPLC
Authors: Brun Yefim , Rasmussen Christopher J.
Published: December 2015

A comprehensive review of high performance chromatography (HPLC) of biological and synthetic polymers is presented. Instrumentation, individual modes of separation, theoretical background, and applications are discussed. HPLC is widely used for isolation and purification of biopolymers and analysis of additives in complex polymer formulations. The potentials of HPLC for bioseparations are analyzed in the light of recent development in reversed‐phase, hydrophobic‐interaction, and ion‐exchange chromatography. Miniaturization of separation and other problems related to coupling column chromatography to mass spectrometer detection, as well as multidimensional separations, temperature gradient chromatography, and ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography are considered in some detail.
Nondestructive Testing of Polymers and Polymer–Matrix Composites
Authors: Brunner Andreas J. , Hack Erwin , Neuenschwander Jürg
Published: December 2015

Because of their unique properties, polymers and polymer–matrix composites pose both challenges and opportunities for nondestructive testing. The increasing use of these materials creates a demand for nondestructive verification of various properties or specifications, determination of structural integrity, or prediction of service‐life. On the other hand, development of new nondestructive test methods, improved sensitivity, or faster data acquisition and analysis may allow for nondestructive testing applications that hitherto did not seem feasible or economical. This article provides a brief overview of established methods and emerging applications in nondestructive testing of polymers and polymer–matrix composites.
Polymer Transport Properties
Authors: Koros William J. , Burgess Steven K. , Chen Zhang
Published: December 2015

A review with 275 references covering the transport properties of gases, low activity vapors, and intermediate‐sized penetrants through rubbery, semicrystalline, and glassy polymers. This article emphasizes polymer transport properties under conditions of low‐to‐intermediate penetrant concentration where extraordinary differences can exist between the diffusivities of penetrants having relatively small differences in molecular size or shape. Nonideal transport effects such as plasticization, antiplasticization, clustering, and non‐Fickian transport are also covered to some extent. Attention is also given to the nonequilibrium nature of glassy polymers and the resulting effects on penetrant transport. Recent applications involving transport through porous coordination polymers (ie, metal organic frameworks) are included, along with the topics of molecular modeling, positron annihilation spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.