bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Histomorphometric features of oral tumors in Hyderabad, Pakistan.
Authors: Sajjad Ali Almani  , Safiya Javed  , Raima Kalhoro  , Sehar Khowaja  , Shumaila Khowaja  , Aneera Ashfaq
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Oral cancers (oral cavity cancers) are the eleventh most commonly occurring cancers globally. The annual incidence of oral cancer is around 0.27 million cases while 0.13 million cases of pharyngeal cancers excluding nasopharynx occurring in developing countries. The incidence and mortality caused by these cancers show variability according to the geographic location in which it is diagnosed.

Objectives: To evaluate the histomorphometric features, tumours arising at oral region, among patients in Isra University, Hyderabad.

Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Isra University Hyderabad between January 2018 to December 2020. Patients; aged 18 or above of either gender; presented with chronic oral ulcer for ≥ 3 months duration, growth or swelling in the oral cavity were included in the study after taking consent. The morphological and histopathological findings of all the tissues after taking biopsy from the lesion were evaluated and finding recorded in a pre-design proforma.

Results: During study period total 143 biopsies performed; 89(62.2%) were male patients while 54(37.8%) were female patients. Most (39.20%) of the patients belongs to age group of 43-52 years. Most commonly involved tumors location was the buccal mucosa/cavity (34.2%) followed by gums and alveolus (25.2%). Biopsy data after histopathological evaluation revealed that majority of patients were suffering from the squamous cell carcinoma (92.3%). Majority (35.0%) of patients were in stage II of TNM staging while half (50.3%) of the patients were in advance stages (stage III and IV).

Conclusion: Buccal mucosa/cavity is the most common anatomical site for oral carcinoma with predominance of middle age group and male. Oral squamous cell carcinoma is the most prevalent oral cancer with majority of patients presented in advance stages (III and IV) and grade (II) of tumor. 

 

Keywords: Buccal mucosa, Oral tumors, Squamous cell carcinoma.
Prevalence and risk factors of Hepatitis B among pregnant women.
Authors: Amna Bibi  , Muhammad Ilyas Riaz  , Muhammad Umar Noor
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Globally Hep C virus (HBV) a public health problem account for 2 billion infection and 400 million of them were chronically infected1,2,3. In Pakistan prevalence among general population is 4.3 % with carrier rate 3-5% (7-9 million) 4.  The prevalence of HBV among pregnant women 5% (range 0.6% to >20%) worldwide, leading mother to child transmission causing fetal and neonatal hepatitis, attributed for 30% to 50% of chronic carriers.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among randomly selected 140pregnantwomen attended the antenatal clinic of the District hospital of Rahim-Yar-Khan in June-July 2013. Rapid diagnostic tests kits were used to access for HB surface antigen (HBsAg).  A face to face interview was carried out by using structured pre-tested questionnaire to obtain demographic and other information.

Results: 16(9.3%) out of 140 pregnant women were found to be positive for HBsAg, higher risk age group was 20-29 years 10(62.5%) , 16(100%) out of 16 infected women and 6(4.83%) out of 124 non-infected women had Negative history of HBV in Husband. Blood transfusion in last pregnancy was 14(87.5%) out of 16 infected women and 52(41.93%) out of 124 non-infected women. 10(62.5%) out of 16 infected women and 5(4.03%) out of 124 non-infected women has passed through dental procedures. Therefore, negative history of HBV in Husband, blood transfusion and dental procedures in last pregnancy were the most prevalent risk factors among infected women. Among the total 124, 76(61.29%) were vaccinated against HBV, while 0(0%) out of 16 infected women were not vaccinated.

Conclusion: Prevalence of the HBV among pregnant women in Rahim-Yar-Khan is of intermediate endemicity (11.4%). Past history of blood transfusion and HBV infected Husband was the most prevalent risk factor. Health education regarding risk factors, preventive measures should be given to pregnant women with the involvement of Lady Health Worker and mass media. Free screening and immunization of pregnant women should be incorporated in antenatal and postnatal program of hospital.
Exploring the Learning Styles of Postgraduates in a Public-Sector University at Karachi
Authors: Syed Imran Mehmood , Mehjabeen Khan  , Munizah Nisar  , Talha Idrees  , Faisal Iqbal Saeed  , Andaleeb Arshad
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Learning styles is a term used to refer to the methods of gathering, processing, interpreting, organizing and thinking about information. Knowledge of the learning styles can be helpful in making teaching and learning process more efficient. Little is mentioned in medical education literature in Pakistan about the learning styles knowledge in deciphering the teaching and learning process.

Objective: To identify the distribution of the learning styles among the postgraduate students and to find ways to improve the way the courses, the practical hours and training are performed.

Methodology: The current study analyses the learning styles of post graduate students of Dow University of Health Sciences Karachi to guide facilitator as well as students in organizing their teaching sessions more efficiently and maximize the utility of educational resources with subsequent improvement in educational process. During Jan 2016 to Dec 2016, this cross-sectional study using Kolb’s learning inventory as the instrument to find out the learning styles was conducted among post-graduates’ students of a public-sector university by using English language versions of Learning Style Inventory (LSI)of 216 post-graduates ‘students.

Results: According to observation and data analysis by Kolb’s learning Styles Inventory most of the postgraduates had their learning style reflector (Diverger). However, some were Theorist (Assimilators) and then very few were Activist (Accommodator) and Pragmatist (Converser) respectively.

Conclusions: Differences in the learning styles and learning approaches have important implications in development of effective medical curricula in post graduate medical education.

 Key words: Learning style, Postgraduate students, medical education
Simple clinical parameters to diagnose Malaria in Outpatient Department.
Authors: Sultan Mustafa  , Waseem Jamalvi  , Ibrahim Shakoor  , Sumbal Waheed
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Malaria is the world's most important parasitic infection which poses major health challenges. Best estimates currently describe the annual global burden of malaria as 300-500 million cases and 1-2 million deaths. Traditionally malaria is diagnosed clinically based upon sign symptoms and clinical examination particularly in remote areas where laboratory facilities are not available. However, no universal criteria exist for clinical diagnosis of malaria and presenting features are highly variable region to region. Therefore, we planned to define the simple parameters based on clinical signs and symptoms that predict malaria without laboratory confirmation of parasitemia.

Objective: To determine the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive values of simple clinical parameters for the diagnosis of malaria without laboratory confirmation of parasitemia.

Methodology: This observational study was carried out at pediatric department of Karachi Medical and Dental college and Abassi Shaheed Hospital Karachi during 15 April 2015 to 15 February 2015. Children between 6 months to 5 years, who presented with short duration of fever (less than 7 days) were included in study. The diagnosis of malaria was confirmed on identification of parasite (Plasmodium vivax or Plasmodium falciparum) in blood obtained from finger prick sample for thick and thin film. The patients were divided into two groups (+ve MP cases and -ve MP cases). Focal signs and symptoms, pallor (anemia) and splenomegaly were checked in both groups to assess the sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of these simple clinical parameters and co-related with the presence of malaria parasitemia.

Result: Six hundred fifty-seven children were examined. One hundred (15.22%) children out of 657 had malaria confirmed while 84.78% (557 of 657) had illness other than malaria. There were 43 children (43%) with Plasmodium falciparum malaria, 47 children (47%) with Plasmodium vivax malaria and 10 (10%) with mixed infections. Three clinical parameters (No focal features, anemia & splenomegaly) were studied in all febrile patients which were divided into two groups (Malarial parasite +ve and malarial parasite -ve).

Conclusion: Few simple clinical findings can lead to reliable clinical diagnosis of malaria with more logical use of antimalarial drugs in children.

 Key words: Malaria, Anemia, Splenomegaly.
To Determine the Frequency of the Common Causes of Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding after Colonoscopy
Authors: Muhammad Ahmed  , Nazar Netasha , Khalil Sidra , Syed Abdul Razzaq
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding (LGIB) is defined as bleeding from distal to the ligament of Treitz at the duodeno-jejunal flexure and it accounts for 30-40% of all gastrointestinal bleeding. Although it is less common than the upper gastrointestinal bleeding yet considered as medical and surgical emergency particularly when massive. The leading causes of LGIB are hemorrhoids, rectal ulcers, rectal polyps and colitis; while less frequent causes include ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease and diverticulitis.   This is apparently in contrast to the western literature where inflammatory bowel diseases and diverticulitis are the common cause of LGIB. Presently Colonoscopy is the diagnostic and therapeutic procedure of choice in LGIB.

Objective: To determine the frequency of the common causes of lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) after Colonoscopic examination in a tertiary care hospital of Lahore.

Methodology: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at Department of Gastroenterology, Services institute of Medical Sciences Lahore (SIMS) from April 2016 to March 2017.

Results: A total of 277 patients were included in this study, 181(65.34%) were males and 96(34.65%) were females. The average age oi the patients was 45.5 years. Colonoscopy showed abnormal findings in 219 (79.06%) patients. The internal hemorrhoids were the most common cause of LGIB while least common cause of LGIB after Colonoscopic examination was malignant lesions of colon and rectum.

Conclusion: In our study bleeding from internal hemorrhoids was the leading cause of lower gastrointestinal bleeding followed by rectal ulcers and polyps.

 

Keywords: Lower GI Bleeding, Hemorrhoids, Rectal Ulcer, Rectal polyps, Colonoscopy.
Outcome of everted end-to-end urethroplasty in traumatic bulbar and membranous urethra.
Authors: Shah Amit Kumar , Dipesh Shrestha  , Sajid Iqbal
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Numerous options are available for the surgical management of urethral strictures. Everted End-to-end anastomosis is the utmost effective management for bulbar and membranous urethral strictures with a documented high success rate with low postoperative morbidity.

Methodology: This study was conducted at department of Urology, Lahore General hospital, Lahore from May 2012 till May 2014. Total 30 patients were included in the study. Procedure was done by a single surgical team and Uroflowmetry and subjective evaluation was done on 2nd week, 1st month and 4th month and 12th month post operatively.

Results: Mean age of patients was 24.43±12.39 years. Mean stricture length preoperatively was 1.83±0.63 cm. On follow up 50% of patients were in each grade whose subjective grading were 1 and 2 at 2 week post operatively. After 1-month post operatively 76.67% patients had Grade-1 and 6.67% patients had Grade-2. After 1 month follow up 63.34% patients presented with grade-1, 20% with Grade-2 and 6.67% presented with Grade-3. Only 80% of the patients at 4th month and 1-year post operatively presented with grade-1 subjective improvement. 10% of the patients had stricture recurrence at 1-month follow up and another 10% had recurrence at 4 months of follow up.

Conclusion: Everted End-to-end urethroplasty is treatment of choice for short traumatic bulbar and membranous urethral strictures with a high success rate.

Key Words: Urethral Strictures, Everted End-to-end Urethroplasty, Bulbar Urethra, Membranous Urethra
Demography and Histopathological presentations of oral and maxillo-facial region tumours in Jamshoro, Pakistan.
Authors: Munawar Ali Baloch  , Ikramuddin Ujjan  , Mehnaz Munawar
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Oral and Pharyngeal cancers are the sixth most common cancer globally. In developing countries, the annual incidence of oral cancer is around 275,000 cases while 130,300 cases of pharyngeal cancers excluding naso-pharynx. Salivary glands tumors are rare accounting for less than 5 % of tumors of head and neck region. The annual incidence of these tumors is 0.05 to 2 cases per 100,000 populations. Majority (over two third quarters) of salivary gland tumors occurs in the parotid glands of which most of them (2/3rd) of them are benign in nature. While most common parotid gland’s benign tumor is Pleomorphic Adenoma.

Objective: To assess the morphology and histopathological features of oral and maxillo-facial region tumours among the patients in Liaquat University Hospital, Jamshoro, Sindh.

Methodology: A Cross-sectional study was conducted at Liaquat University Hospital, Jamshoro. Data was collected regarding socio-demographic features, anatomical location of tumours and relevant history of patients admitted at surgical, medical and ENT units of Liaquat University Hospital, Jamshoro from January 2016 to January 2018. Histopathological diagnostic record was collected from Research and Diagnostic Laboratory of Liaquat University Hospital, Jamshoro.

Results: A total of 160 biopsies were collected from surgical, medical and ENT units of Liaquat University Hospital with maximum (43%) of biopsies were from ENT unit. Most (51%) tumours were benign and 37% were malignant in nature. These tumours of oral and maxillo-facial region were mostly (38%) located in parotid region. Histopathological findings of this study revealed that majority (51%) tumours were Pleomorphic adenoma while (20%) of malignant tumours were Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma.

Conclusion: Based on findings of the study, we conclude that the most common anatomical location of oral and faciomaxillary tumours, in either gender, is parotid region. The majority of oral and faciomaxillary tumours were benign; frequently occurring benign tumour was pleomorphic adenoma while most frequent malignant tumour was Muco-epidermoid Carcinoma.

 

Key Words: Faciomaxillary tumours, Salivary glands, Pleomorphic adenoma.
Development of Think-Pair-Share (Tps) Model Based Learning Tools for Global Warming Materials
Authors: Bella Shinta , Azhar Azhar , Islami Nur
Published: January 2024

The aim of this research is to develope are cooperative model-based learning tools of TPS type with Quizizz learning media on global warming materials for high school XI students. The materials are consisting of Learning Implementation Plan (RPP), Student Worksheet (LKPD), and Learning Outcome Test. This type of research is Research and Development (R&D) with 4D model design. The research instruments used are rpp validation assessment sheets, LKPD, and Learning Results Tests used by validators to assess learning devices. The data analysis in this study uses descriptive analysis, by calculating the validity score of each learning device indicator. Based on the results of the analysis of validity data, the Learning Implementation Plan (RPP) gets an average score of 3.07 (high), the Student Worksheet (LKPD) gets an average score of 3.16 (high) and the Learning Results Test gets an average score of 3.13 (high). Thus, tps-type cooperative model-based learning devices with Quizizz learning media are declared valid and feasible for use in global warming materials in grade XI SMA.
Analysis of The Need for Applied Science Teaching Materials in Chemical Materials in Vocational School, Department of Culinary, Tangerang District
Authors: Afinda Bella Nur , Anwar Sjaeful , Sumarna Omay
Published: January 2024

This study aims to explain the need for teaching materials in the culinary arts vocational school which will be developed using the 4S TMD method. This research is based on the problem of not integrating chemistry subjects in supporting vocational subjects with culinary skills competence. So there are no teaching materials that are relevant to the competence of culinary expertise. The data collection instrument used was the relevance format between chemical content and vocational content. This type of research is descriptive with a qualitative approach. The subjects in this study were two lecturers of chemistry education, two teachers of applied science, and three teachers of productive culinary arts who acted as validators. The results of this study became the basis for researchers in developing chemistry books using the 4S TMD method on applied science teaching materials for chemistry relevant to vocational skills in culinary skills.
Metaphysik in der Lehre des kroatischen Philosophen Stjepan Zimmermann
Authors: Macut Ivan
Published: January 2024

El tema de este artículo es la metafísica en la investigación del neoescolástico croata Stjepan Zimmermann. La introducción y la primera parte resumen los datos biobibliográficos básicos de Zimmermann y su importancia para la filosofía croata del siglo XX. La segunda parte trata de las observaciones de Zimmermann sobre si se puede hablar de metafísica científica. Dado que admite tal posibilidad, la justificación del realismo metafísico se analiza a continuación. Además, la contribución presenta la crítica de Kant a la metafísica y la crítica de Zimmermann a Kant y su filosofía, un tema con el que Zimmermann lidió a lo largo de su vida. La siguiente sección del artículo trata de la cuestión de hasta qué punto las ciencias naturales pueden reemplazar a la metafísica. La respuesta inequívoca de Zimmermann fue que esto no es posible. Sólo la filosofía, y en este contexto la metafísica, puede llevar al hombre a Dios, y según Zimmermann esa es también la meta de la filosofía.
La suite La folía argentina. Un encuentro entre el legado hispano y la música folklórica argentina
Authors: Tolaba Antonio Nicolás , Giamminola Leonardo
Published: January 2024

El presente trabajo busca resignificar el esquema armónico-melódico denominado folía dentro de los cánones de las danzas argentinas y sus géneros musicales, contrastando formas y parámetros sonoros a partir de un análisis del repertorio de ambos universos musicales. En este estudio, se exploran aspectos históricos y musicológicos de la folía hispana y aspectos contextuales de la creación musical en Argentina, como son el nacionalismo, el tradicionalismo y el nativismo. Con estos elementos, se propone una composición musical en forma de suite, la cual se basa en unir el esquema armónico melódico de la folía española con los esquemas formales musicales de nueve danzas argentinas.
HEALTH ASSISTANCE (MEDICAL TEAM) TOURIST ACTIVITIES ON MOUNT BROMO
Authors: Sugiarto Dinta , Widjayanti Yhenti , Ramadhan Muhammad Putra
Published: January 2024

Purpose: To ensure the safety and health of tourists. They also play a role in maintaining the security of tourists in the area. In addition, the accompanying medical team can also provide health services such as light health checks, simple medical procedures, and providing health information to tourists. Method: This will make it easier for the medical team to provide emergency medical care if there are tourists who need it. This aims to monitor the health of tourists and provide first aid if there are tourists who need it. Must-have medical equipment such as defibrillators, oxygen, resuscitation equipment, and so on. This can include how to manage common health symptoms and steps to prevent disease. Result: Several cases were encountered in the health assistance, namely: bruises (contusions), cramps and bleeding. Conclussion: Traveling to the mountains can cause serious injury if proper precautions are not taken. In addition, it is important to follow the guidelines given by experienced climbers, avoid trails that are too dangerous, and not take excessive risks when doing activities on the mountain. With proper preparation and wise precautions, we can reduce the risk of injury and enjoy a safe and enjoyable mountain travel experience
PODCASTS UTILIZATION THROUGH INSTAGRAM MEDIA IN INCREASING THE MOTIVATION OF THE MILLENNIAL GENERATION IN THE QUARTER LIFE CRISIS PHASE
Authors: Dewi Bekti Nirmala , Apriliani Putri Naya , Rahmawati Raida Ananda
Published: January 2024

Quarter life crisis is a feeling that arises when an individual reaches a quarter of a century

(towards 25 years), where there is a feeling of fear about the continuation of life in the future,

including career matters, relationships and social life. A person in this crisis experiences a loss of

motivation to live, feels like a failure, loses self-confidence and meaning in life, and even withdraws

from social interactions. Delivering motivation to the millennial generation through podcast media

aims to find out how behavior changes and ways to adapt in phases quarter life crisis. The research

method used is a descriptive qualitative approach, which starts with data collection through

interviews with sources via an application chat audio Whatsapp on October 11 2023, then uploaded

the podcast on the Instagram page and conducted a survey of podcast listeners through likes and

comments on the Instagram post where the podcast was uploaded. Through this research, the results

were obtained from a podcast with the title “How To Deal With Quarter Life Crisis?” This has

received a lot of attention from Instagram users and can be a solution to increase the motivation of

the millennial generation in facing this phase quarter life crisis
EMPOWERING THE INDEPENDENCE OF PARTWORLD WOMEN IN THE USE OF THE DPP SOLUTION APPLICATION AS A PREVENTIVE MEASURE FOR POST PARTUM BLUES
Authors: Solikhah Fitriana , Tyas Maria Diah Ciptaning
Published: January 2024

Postpartum blues is a mild postpartum stress syndrome experienced by mothers within 3-10 days. Postpartum blues has symptoms such as excessive sadness, sudden crying, irritability, difficulty sleeping, headaches, and a tendency to blame yourself. Postpartum blues causes mothers to become passive and ignore their babies as well as hormonal imbalances due to anxiety and stress. Mothers experiencing excessive stress have an impact on decreasing interest and interest in babies and the ability to care for their babies properly, not being enthusiastic about breastfeeding so that the health and development of the baby is not optimal. The novelty of this community service activity can provide education regarding the prevention of postpartum depression by using an application. This service activity was attended by posyandu cadres, couples of childbearing age (PUS), pregnant women and postpartum mothers. The purpose of this service activity is to increase public understanding of the prevention of postpartum depression, to be skilled at self-detection and its citizens about postpartum depression. The target of this activity is 30 people. The activity method is carried out twice by giving a pre test, lecture and followed by a post test by filling out a questionnaire. The evaluation was carried out with cadres by conducting interviews on their understanding of prevention of postpartum depression. The results achieved in this activity are that the community gains knowledge about postpartum depression.
Generalidades de la terapia no quirúrgica en la fascitis plantar
Authors: García Amador José Gilberto
Published: January 2024

PROBLEMA: la fascitis plantar es una patología degenerativa de la aponeurosis plantar que se manifiesta con dolor en la zona de inserción proximal de la misma, asociándose con una calidad de vida deteriorada, un aislamiento social y capacidades funcionales reducidas. OBJETIVO: describir las generalidades de la terapia no quirúrgica en la fascitis plantar. MÉTODO: se realizó una compilación, análisis y síntesis de información proveniente de artículos de revistas, guías de práctica clínica, libros y protocolos sobre la terapia no quirúrgica en la fascitis plantar. RESULTADOS: la terapia no quirúrgica en la fascitis plantar consiste en un conjunto de técnicas conservadoras e invasivas que abarcan desde la educación del paciente hasta las inyecciones plantares y se aplican metódicamente y en combinación para tratar la etiología mecánica que muchas veces precede a esta patología. CONCLUSIÓN: la terapia de primera línea consiste en educar sobre la enfermedad, el consumo de antiinflamatorios no esteroideos, el vendaje en cinco capas de tipo strapping, la crioterapia y los ejercicios de estiramiento y fortalecimiento específicos de la fascia plantar y el tríceps sural durante 6 semanas. La terapia de segunda línea consiste en el uso de órtesis de pie personalizadas, terapia con ondas de choque extracorpóreas e inyecciones plantares de corticosteroides durante 6 meses. Pasado este tiempo, sin mejoría, se considerarán terapias experimentales y métodos quirúrgicos.
Perintisan Ibadah Teens: Menjangkau Generasi Muda Masa Kini di GBI Sukawarna Cabang Harris
Authors: Benedick Morris , Herman Samuel , Hermawan Abraham Rendy , Gunawan Grace , Ferianto Ivan , Simanjuntak Ferry
Published: January 2024

Penelitian Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (PkM) ini memperkenalkan program ibadah teens di GBI Sukawarna cabang Harris sebagai solusi inovatif untuk mengatasi isu-isu penting dalam pembaruan keagamaan dan pengembangan spiritual remaja. Dalam konteks modern, kebutuhan mendesak untuk membimbing dan memotivasi generasi muda dalam memperdalam hubungan dengan nilai-nilai keagamaan ditekankan. Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan program ibadah teens yang mengakomodasi remaja usia 12 hingga 16 tahun. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah liturgi ibadah yang relevan dengan generasi muda, melibatkan Morris Benedick sebagai pemimpin dan merinci perluasan waktu ibadah, pertumbuhan peserta hingga mencapai sekitar 60 orang, serta inklusivitas yang mengakomodasi anggota di atas usia 20 tahun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pertumbuhan luar biasa dalam program ini, dengan perluasan waktu ibadah hingga tiga sesi, pertumbuhan jemaat, dan bahkan partisipasi aktif dari kelompok yang lebih tua, menunjukkan kesuksesan program dalam membimbing dan menginspirasi pemuda dalam pertumbuhan rohani dan moral jemaat. Secara keseluruhan, PkM ini mewakili potensi besar dalam pembaruan keagamaan untuk generasi muda. Hasil ini menciptakan landasan kuat untuk mempertimbangkan pendekatan serupa di lembaga keagamaan lainnya, membimbing pemuda menuju kehidupan spiritual yang lebih mendalam dan bermakna di era modern.
Pembinaan Pemahaman Jemaat Tentang Pentingnya Manajemen Pendidikan Agama Kristen dalam Penyelenggaraan PAUD di GMIT Mata Jemaat Bukit Kalvari Nunuteta-Fatukoa
Authors: Maxi Lakapu  , Norianti Pai Tiba  , Christofel Saetban  , Yulius M Natonis  , Eko P A Kale  , Ruth Bolla  , Maksen Kono
Published: January 2024

Manajemen pendidikan agama Kristen dilaksanakan dalam kelompok yang lebih kecil. Gereja adalah komunitas yang lebih besar. Pelaksanaan pendidikan agama Kristen dalam penyelenggaraan PAUD diharap dapat memberikan dampak nyata bagi anggota gereja. Manajemen Pendidikan Agama Kristen dalam penyelenggaraan PAUD merupakan seni, kemampuan dan ilmu yang mengatur semua sumber daya yang terkait di dalam PAUD untuk mencapai tujuan pendidikan agama Kristen yang sudah ditetapkan. Manajemen pendidikan agama Kristen bertujuan untuk membangun jemaat Tuhan sebagai pribadi-pribadi yang dewasa dalam iman. Sekaitan dengan hal tersebut Tim PKM ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi topik tersebut. Berdasarkan hasil PKM ini menunjukkan peserta memahami manajemen pendidikan agama Kristen dalam penyelenggraan PAUD, namun perlu ada dorongan pemimpin untuk mampu melaksanakan hal tersebut.
Pembinaan Jiwa Nasionalisme Anak-Anak Sekolah Minggu GPdI Imanuel Kagungan Rahayu Melalui Bercerita dan Lomba Kebangsaan
Authors: Nova Ritonga  , Saedo Marbun
Published: January 2024

Melihat kurangnya wawasan kebangsaan yang dimiliki anak-anak sekolah minggu di Gereja Pantekosta di Indonesia Imanuel Kagungan Rahayu, maka dianggap perlu untuk melakukan pembinaan wawasan kebangsaan supaya pemahaman kebangsaan dari anak-anak sekolah minggu dapat ditingkatkan, dengan demikian jiwa nasionalisme akan tumbuh sejak dini. Selain itu, gereja belum pernah melakukan pembinaan jiwa nasionalisme secara khusus bagi anak-anak sekolah minggu. Pada masa kini juga terjadinya penurunan rasa nasionalisme di kalangan peserta didik di sekolah dan ini dapat berdampak pada anak-anak sekolah minggu yang belum memiliki pemahaman tentang kebangsaan yang kuat. Untuk itu perlu dilakukan upaya pembinaan sejak dini kepada anak-anak generasi bangsa ini. Kegiatan pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pembinaan jiwa nasionalisme kepada anak-anak sekolah minggu agar memiliki rasa cinta akan tanah air Indonesia yang kuat. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat dilaksanakan dengan skema berikut: 1) persiapan, 2) pelaksanaan, 3) penyusunan laporan dan publikasi. Kegiatan PkM berupa pembinaan jiwa nasionalisme bagi anak-anak sekolah minggu dilakukan dengan dua cara. Pertama, kegiatan bercerita tentang sejarah kemerdekaan Republik Indonesia dan tanggungjawab anak-anak sekolah minggu sebagai warga negara. Kedua, kegiatan lomba kebangsaan. Ada pun hasil kegiatan ini adalah anak-anak sekolah minggu: 1) memahami sejarah kemerdekaan Indonesia dengan lebih baik, 2) bisa lebih memahami dan menghargai pengorbanan para pahlawan kemerdekaan, 3) bisa mengembangkan rasa cinta terhadap Indonesia. Berdasarkan hasil PkM dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembinaan jiwa nasionalisme bagi anak-anak sekolah minggu perlu dilakukan sejak dini agar jiwa nasionalisme anak-anak tertanam dengan kuat. Pembinaan jiwa nasionalisme bagi anak-anak merupakan tanggungjawab semua pihak termasuk gereja.
Guru dan Media Visual: Upaya dalam Menanamkan Nilai-Nilai Kristen Bagi Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Naibaho Agatha Pebriani M , Daeli Putri Jelita , Destina Selfia Rena
Published: January 2024

Seiring perubahan zaman yang berkembang dan semakin meningkat, mengharuskan guru  untuk dapat meng-upgrade diri agar meningkatkan pengetahuanya pada bidang  penggunaan media pembelajaran. Dalam ruang lingkup sekolah, guru yang merupakan sosok tenaga pendidik harus dapat menjadi seorang pendidik yang kreatif dalam melakukan berbagai hal terutama dalam bagian belajar mengajar. Salah satu bentuk kemampuan guru yang kreatif adalah saat guru mampu menyampaikan pemebelajaran kepada peserta didik menggunkan media belajar, misalnya media belajar visual. Tetapi ditemukan bahwa masih banyak guru yang belum menggunakan media belajar sebagai fasilitas guru dalam mengajar dan menyampaikan materi pembelajaran kepada peserta didik. Oleh karena itu, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membantu seorang guru dalam menyampaikan materinya dengan baik kepada peserta didik sehingga target pembelajaran dapat terealisasikan dengan baik. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan pustaka. Model pembelajaran visual adalah salah satu strategi pembelajaran yang digunakan oleh seorang guru dalam proses belajar mengajar dengan memanfaatkan alat indra penglihatan yang dimiliki oleh peserta didik supaya dapat terlatih dan berkembang dengan  baik. Dengan adanya media dalam pembelajaran maka guru dapat  menarik dan memfokuskan perhatian peserta didik terhadap pembelaajaran, dengan contoh media visual dan materi yang disampaikan dapat  memenuhi tujuan dari suatu pembelajaran yaitu menanamkan nilai-nilai kristen pada anak usia dini.
Mentorship Gereja dalam Membentuk Karakter Remaja yang Religius di Era Digitalisasi
Authors: Manuputty Conny Zefanya Dasel , Hendrikus Dorebia  , Talizaro Tafonao
Published: January 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk membantu gereja-gereja dalam membentuk karakter setiap remaja yang telah terpengaruh dengan teknologi digital yang merusak karakter remaja atau pemuda yang ada di gereja yang dimana remaja atau pemuda menjadi tiang gereja untuk keberlangsungan kekristenan dalam mempertahankan iman dan nilai-nilai kekristenan itu sendiri, walaupun di satu sisi era digitalisasi tidak hanya membawa dampak buruk namun juga membawa banyak dampak baik untuk mempermudah kehidupan. Era digitalisasi juga berdampak buruk bagi setiap remaja yang menggunakan smartphone, dapat dilihat dari banyaknya remaja yang kecanduan dengan teknologi sehingga mengabaikan norma-norma sosial dan bahkan merusak kesehatan tubuh setiap remaja. Oleh sebab itu gereja harus menciptakan mentorship di gereja agar mampu membentuk karakter setiap remaja yang religius di era digital sehingga karakter yang baik dapat terbentuk di era digitalisasi ini. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metodologi kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan kepustakaan, dengan mengumpulkan data mengenai judul penelitian kemudian menganalisis dan kemudian menekankan pada argumentasi lalu kemudian menarik kesimpulan sebagai hasil kajian yang dilakukan. Dengan terbentuknya karakter remaja di era digital maka hal ini akan menjadi kekuatan yang kokoh bagi remaja dalam memperhatikan pula norma-norma sosial dan semakin religius hingga pada generasi yang akan datang. Hasil yang ditemukan dalam penelitian ini yaitu mentorship dapat menjadi opsional gereja dalam membentuk karakter remaja yang religius di era digitalisasi.
Pertanyaan Pemantik: Sebuah Model Pengajaran Yesus dalam Matius 16:13-20
Authors: Evarisman Nehe  , Talizaro Tafonao
Published: January 2024

Pembahasan mengenai pertanyaan pemantik dan desain pembelajaran, telah dilakukan oleh beberapa penulis. Namun belum ada penulis yang secara konstruktif memaparkan pertanyaan pemantik dalam pengajaran Yesus yang bermanfaat bukan saja mengaktifkan nalar kritis tetapi juga mempermudah pendengar (para murid) mengerti tujuan pembelajaran (hal kerajaan sorga). Pertanyaan yang timbul adalah, bagaimanakah pertanyaan pemantik dalam model pengajaran Yesus? Kemudian apakah urgensitas pertanyaan pemantik Yesus terhadap desain pembelajaran? Tujuan tulisan ini melakukan eksposisi nats Matius 16:13-20 guna mengungkap pertanyaan pemantik yang terkandung di dalamnya, kemudian mengkajinya dalam kaitan desain pembelajaran guru di kelas, penulis menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif untuk menganalisis ragam literatur tentang pertanyaan pemantik dalam pengejaran Yesus dan kaitannya dalam desain pembelajaran. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa pertanyaan pemantik adalah jantung makna dan tujuan pembelajaran dalam ruang lingkup desain pembelajaran. Dengan demikian desain pembelajaran yang peduli pada makna dan tujuan pembelajaran yang hendak dicapai adalah desain yang memberi waktu menyusun dengan cermat pertanyaan pemantik.
Filosofi Boraspati dalam Menerapkan Kekristenan di Tengah Masyarakat Majemuk
Authors: Tri Murni Situmeang  , Agiana Her Visnhu Ditakristi
Published: January 2024

Filosofi merupakan pola berfikir manusia, prinsip hidup, ataupun cara berfikir manusia. Pada dasarnya orang Batak terkenal dengan kekayaan filosofi hidup seperti itu. Bahkan dalam beradaptasi dalam pergaulan, orang Batak selalu dilatarbelakangi oleh filososfi. Salah satu simbol dalam filosofi Batak yang melatarbelakangi hubungan bermasyarakat dilambangkan dengan gambar sepasang cicak yang di sebut Boraspati. Tujuan penulisan artikel ini adalah mendeskripsikan tentang budaya bermasyarakat Batak Toba melalui filososfi Boraspati dalam menerapkan kehidupan kekristenan di tengah masyarakat majemuk. Artinya kehidupan orang Batak dapat beradaptasi kepada siapapun dan budaya apapun. Peneliti menggunakan metode peneliti deskriptip kualitatif dengan kajian studi pustaka yang didasarkan pada buku-buku, artikel jurnal dan media yang lain terpercaya. Hasil dalam artikel ini adalah menekankan bahwa pemahan tentang filosofi Boraspati sebagai sistem kekerabatan di suku batak merupakan kunci dalam menerapakan kehidupan Kekristenan di dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat majemuk, baik dalam berorganisasi, bermasyarakat dan berbudaya sosial dengan yang lainnya.
Menyingkap Kristologi dalam Bingkai Nusantara (Batak Parmalim) dan Integrasinya dalam Pendidikan Agama Kristen
Authors: Viktor Deni Siregar  , Yohana br Tarigan  , Teti Tri Pujianti Gea  , Candra Gunawan Marisi
Published: January 2024

Kristologi menjadi bagian fundamental bagi penganut ajaran kekristenan di seluruh dunia. Menjadikan kristologi sebagai pusat central pengajaran tentu memberikan polemik tersendiri dalam cakupan suku dan ras. Kristologi kontekstual juga harus hadir untuk menjadi jembatan yang akan menjangkau atau menerobos batasan-batasan sehingga adanya capaian tujuan dalam penyampaian injil dan penuaian jiwa-jiwa bagi Tuhan, baik itu berbentuk nilai dan juga pendidikan karakter. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan penyingkapan kristologi kontekstual yang ada dalam batak parmalim dan tentunya mengintegrasikannya dalam pendidikan agama kristen (PAK), pasti memiliki nilai keluhuran yang dapat diterapkan. Manfaat yang ditemukan bahwa kristologi kontekstual dapat menyentuh jauh kepada suku dan menarik nilai yang ada pada suku tersebut untuk diintegrasikan pada PAK baik itu pada Sekolah, Keluarga, Gereja, dan Masyarakat. Pentingnya dilakukan penelitian ini tentu untuk menyingkap kristologi yang terdapat dalam kontekstual yang dilakukan sehingga terlihat bahwa kristologi dapat di kontekstualisasikan dalam kebudayaan batak parmalim. Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan dalam kajian ini menggunakan metode literature review atau tinjauan kepustakaan. Dengan mengumpulkan data-data primer melalui buku, artikel jurnal, majalah, bahkan wawancara dan lain sebagainya yang kemudian dianalisis dan berikan argumen sehingga mendapatkan simpulan melalui hasil analisis yang dilakukan. Hasil yang ditemukan bahwa dalam batak parmalim telah dilakukan kontekstualisasi kristologi untuk memenangkan suku batak parmalim dan kontekstualisasinya dapat diintegrasikan dalam PAK.
Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar: Efektivitas dalam Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Kristen
Authors: Duha Asni Darmayanti
Published: January 2024

Berlakunya kurikulum merdeka belajar yang diterapkan di dalam proses belajar mengajar mengalami persoalan yang secara tidak langsung mempengaruhi keefektivitas pembelajaran pendidikan agama Kristen, yakni kurang siap sumber daya manusia, minimnya sarana prasarana, sangat kurang kegiatan bimbingan teknis untuk membekali para tenaga pendidik dan terjadinya ketimpangan penerapan di daerah pelosok, seperti siswa tidak memiliki kemampuan mengikuti alur penerapan kurikulum merdeka belajar. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menjelaskan keefektivitas penerapan kurikulum merdeka belajar di dalam mata pelajaran pendidikan agama Kristen dan memberikan pengertian kepada tenaga pendidik agar penerapan kurikulum berdeka belajar dapat dimaksimalkan sesuai dengan kearifan lokal. Untuk menghasilkan suatu hasil penelitian, peneliti menggunakan metode penelitian pustaka. Dari hasil analisis tersebut, maka kurikulum merdeka belajar pada dasarnya dapat meningkatkan keefektivitas pembelajaran namun karena kurangnya sumber daya manusia dan sarana prasarana yang tidak memadai, maka kurikulum merdeka belajar menjadi tidak efektif dalam pembelajaran pendidikan agama Kristen. Penerapan kurikulum berdeka belajar dalam mata pelajaran pendidikan agama Kristen pada saat ini masih kurang efektif mengingat belum siap secara maksimal sumber daya manusia (tenaga pendidik) dan sarana prasarana untuk mendukung penerapannya dalam kegiatan pembelajaran.
Racialized Identity, Then and Now: Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye, the Rise of Donald Trump, and the Role of Academia
Authors: Majumder Zakir Hossain
Published: January 2024

Abstract: This paper explores the formation of racialized and gendered identities in Toni Morrison’s novel The Bluest Eye. To this end, the intervention aims at analysing how these identities are constructed along the colour line and also reconnoitred in the novel by putting W. E. B. Du Boas’ seminal term “double consciousness” into operation. The study also zeroes in on the sea change taking place in the United States in the aftermath of the 2016 presidential election and beyond to demonstrate how various racial constructions are still at work in assorted forms and practices and reinforced under the guise of Donald Trump’s slogan of “make America great again”. It, further, tries to show how we can address these issues by drawing on the course Critical Race and Ethnic Studies taught in the American academia that can eventually, to certain extents, help us to identify several critical tools and paradigms to deal with the politics of the “personal and spiritual” with a view to envisioning a future in relation to emancipation and equity.
Relationship between Facilitative Focus Moderation and Psychological Capital on Change Support Behavior: Taking Organizational Support Climate as Moderating Variable
Authors: Ke Chao
Published: January 2024

This paper surveyed 277 employees of Internet companies, and through multiple linear regression analysis, it was found that promotional focus adjustment positively affected change support behaviors. Facilitative focus regulation positively affected psychological capital. Psychological capital positively affected change support behaviors. Psychological capital mediated the relationship between facilitative focus regulation and change support behavior. Organizational support climate positively moderated the relationship between psychological capital and change support behavior. When the organization stimulates the facilitative adjustment focus of employees, the leader should treat it differently and adopt different incentive measures for different employees. Sufficient resources will enable individuals to face the pressure and losses brought about by change events more confidently, and produce positive behaviors. Employees' personal psychological capital and the environment's organizational support climate jointly affect change support behaviors. When employees face a high organizational support climate, employees' psychological capital is more likely to stimulate change support behaviors.
Digital Marketing Strategies for Traditional Buyi Ethnic Clothing Enterprises in Guizhou
Authors: Wang Gang , Luo Fen
Published: January 2024

With the advent of the digital age, traditional clothing enterprises are facing a transformation in their marketing strategies. As an important carrier of ethnic cultural heritage, the implementation of digital marketing strategies for traditional Buyi ethnic clothing enterprises in Guizhou is particularly crucial. This paper aims to explore the application of digital marketing strategies in Buyi ethnic clothing enterprises, to assist these enterprises in better utilizing digital marketing tools, enhancing brand awareness, and improving market competitiveness.
A Study on the Impact of Employee Work Engagement on Turnover Intention: The Mediating Role of LMX and the Moderating Role of Leadership Support
Authors: Tao Junyu
Published: January 2024

This study will use catering practitioners as the research participants, and its main objective is to explore the influencing factors among catering practitioners' turnover intention. Based on the social exchange theory, a theoretical model was constructed, and a questionnaire was used to survey a sample of 544 practitioners in the catering industry in Shanghai, China. The research results show that work engagement negatively affects turnover intention; work engagement positively affected leadership-deployment exchange relationship; leadership-deployment exchange relationship negatively affected turnover intention; leadership-deployment exchange relationship played a mediating role between work engagement and turnover intention; leadership support played a moderating role between work engagement and turnover intention. Finally, according to the research conclusion, this following three suggestions are proposed: 1) there should be the establishment of an incentive system to improve employee work engagement; 2) there should be the cultivation of the communication relationship between supervisors and employees; and 3) there should be the determination of the role of leadership support in the organization.
The law of patronage in Czech dioceses in the high and late Middle Ages
Authors: Krafl Pavel
Published: January 2024

Ankstyvaisiais viduramžiais pagrindinis bažnyčių ir bažnytinių institucijų fundatorius buvo kunigaikštis, o nuo XII a. į šių institucijų steigimą įsitraukė ir kilmingieji. Tai buvo laikoma dovanomis Dievui ir šventiesiems. Ankstyvuoju fundacijų laikotarpiu su Bažnyčiai dovanotu turtu buvo elgiamasi atsižvelgiant į bažnyčių fundatorių valią. Permainų atnešė XIII a. ir XIV a. pirmoje pusėje laipsniškai įgyvendinta patronato teisė. Dažniausiai patronato teisę Čekijos karalystėje ir Moravijos markgrafystėje turėjo karalius, markgrafas, kai kurios didikų šeimos, vyskupai, vienuolynai, kapitulos, karališkieji miestai, kartais – patricijų šeimos. Kunigas, norėdamas užimti parapijos beneficiją, turėjo pateikti įrodymą, kad yra įšventintas į kunigus, ir bažnyčios fundatoriaus skyrimo į tą parapiją dokumentą. Sulaukęs generalinio vikaro patvirtinimo, kunigas gaudavo dokumentą, kuriame būdavo nurodyta, kad jis yra teisėtas konkrečios parapijos beneficijos valdytojas. Parapijų beneficijų valdytojai buvo registruojami generalinių vikarų vedamose tam skirtose knygose.
Light-inducible protein degradation in E. coli with the LOVdeg tag
Authors: Tague Nathan , Coriano-Ortiz Cristian , Sheets Michael B , Dunlop Mary J
Published: January 2024

Molecular tools for optogenetic control allow for spatial and temporal regulation of cell behavior. In particular, light-controlled protein degradation is a valuable mechanism of regulation because it can be highly modular, used in tandem with other control mechanisms, and maintain functionality throughout growth phases. Here, we engineered LOVdeg, a tag that can be appended to a protein of interest for inducible degradation in Escherichia coli using blue light. We demonstrate the modularity of LOVdeg by using it to tag a range of proteins, including the LacI repressor, CRISPRa activator, and the AcrB efflux pump. Additionally, we demonstrate the utility of pairing the LOVdeg tag with existing optogenetic tools to enhance performance by developing a combined EL222 and LOVdeg system. Finally, we use the LOVdeg tag in a metabolic engineering application to demonstrate post-translational control of metabolism. Together, our results highlight the modularity and functionality of the LOVdeg tag system and introduce a powerful new tool for bacterial optogenetics.