bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Symbolic Shareholder Democracy: Toward a Behavioral Understanding of the Role of Shareholder Voting in CEO Dismissals
Authors: Andrei Alina G. , van Oosterhout J. (Hans) , Sauerwald Steve
Published: November 2022

We investigate the effect of expressive shareholder dissent voting, in which shareholders use their votes symbolically to express their discontent with management, on subsequent chief executive officer (CEO) dismissals. Using the routine but highly symbolic executive board discharge proposal voted on at the annual shareholder meetings of German firms, we argue that the board of directors understands these votes as a “vote of confidence in management” that challenges the CEO’s mandate to lead the firm. Arguing that board chairs are uniquely positioned to take up the stance of a steward of the firm and its leadership, we examine how independent and family board chairs moderate the board’s response to expressive voting dissent. Using a sample of German public firms over the period 2008–2015, we find that expressive voting dissent increases the chance of CEO dismissal increasingly with the level of dissent expressed. Contrary to prevailing agency theoretical expectations, we do not find that independent chairs are more responsive to expressive voting dissent, nor that this relationship is strengthened by the degree of minority institutional investor ownership of the firm. Consistent with the symbolic perspective on shareholder voting that we seek to develop, however, we find that family chairs are more likely to lead the board to dismiss the CEO due to the intrinsic disvalue they incur from symbolic leadership legitimacy challenges in their firms, and that the positive effect of having a family chair on the dissent induced chance of CEO dismissal is strengthened by the level of family ownership in the firm.

Funding: A University of Illinois at Chicago Summer Research Grant is gratefully acknowledged for S. Sauerwald.
Is glass a state of matter?
Authors:   Université de Lyon, Guiselin Benjamin , Tarjus Gilles , Berthier Ludovic ,   Sorbonne Université,   Université de Montpellier,   University of Cambridge
Published: November 2022

Glass is everywhere. We use and are surrounded by glass objects which make tangible the reality of glass as a distinct state of matter. Yet, glass as we know it is usually obtained by cooling a liquid sufficiently rapidly below its melting point to avoid crystallisation. The viscosity of this supercooled liquid increases by many orders of magnitude upon cooling, until the liquid becomes essentially arrested on experimental timescales below the ‘glass transition‘ temperature. From a structural viewpoint, the obtained glass still very much resembles the disordered liquid, but from a mechanical viewpoint, it is as rigid as an ordered crystal. Does glass qualify as a separate state of matter? We provide a pedagogical perspective on this question using basic statistical mechanical concepts. We recall the definitions of states of matter and of phase transitions between them. We review recent theoretical results suggesting why and how an ‘ideal glass’ can indeed be defined as a separate equilibrium state of matter. We discuss recent success of computer simulations trying to analyse this glass state. We close with some experimental perspectives.
Optical and physical properties of annealed amorphous niobium oxide thin films
Authors: Aljumaily Ghanim A. , Carver Gary E. , Barton John B. , Locknar Sarah A. , Chanda Sheetal K. , Johnson Robert L.
Published: November 2022

The physical and optical properties of coatings deposited using physical vapor deposition techniques exhibit changes during post deposition annealing. Optical properties including the index of refraction and spectral transmission vary when coatings are annealed. Physical and mechanical properties such as thickness, density, and stress are also impacted by annealing. In this paper, we study the source of these changes by examining the impact of 150–500°C annealing on

N
b

2

O

5

films deposited using thermal evaporation and reactive magnetron sputtering. Models based on the Lorentz–Lorenz equation and potential energy considerations explain the data, and rationalize conflicts between previously reported results.
Universality in azimuthal asymmetry of anisotropic sea-ice reflectance
Authors: Marinyuk V. V. , Sheberstov S. V.
Published: November 2022

We study the azimuthal asymmetry of the spectral bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) of an optically thick sea-ice layer. From radiative transfer modeling, we find that the azimuth-dependent part of the BRDF ceases to change rather rapidly with an increase in the optical thickness of the layer and tends to a nearly universal angular dependence, insensitive to the specific law of single scattering in the ice. The effect of the scattering phase function manifests itself only in the value of a pre-factor in the azimuth-dependent part of the BRDF. The universality stems from the refractive index mismatch at the air/ice interface and should occur for any natural ice containing large (compared to the wavelength) inclusions. The specified part of the BRDF is governed by sub-diffusive radiation transport and, at large illumination zenith angles, can make a noticeable contribution to the spectral albedo of the layer in the visible range.
Algebraic method for finding the initial design parameters of a two-element optical system with an afocal meniscus lens
Authors: Mikš Antonín , Novák Jiří
Published: November 2022

This work introduces an algebraic method of the calculation of an initial design of a two-element optical system composed of a thick afocal meniscus lens and a thin lens element, which can be formed, for example, by a cemented doublet. The third-order aberration theory is used to find the fundamental parameters of the starting configuration of a given optical system. The method gives results that make it possible to obtain a good starting design for further optimization of such imaging systems using optical design software. The proposed method is presented on two examples of finding the initial design parameters of the objective with an afocal meniscus lens and a cemented doublet.
Effect of absorption loss on resonance-enhanced Smith–Purcell radiation from metal-plate arrays
Authors: Chen Zhaofu , Mao Leilei , Yang Renjun , Jin Mengmeng , Bai Ningfeng , Sun Xiaohan
Published: November 2022

We systematically investigate the Smith–Purcell radiation emitted by electrons moving along a metal-plate array. Neglecting absorption loss, we show that Smith–Purcell radiation can be enhanced by leaky resonances near bound states in the continuum. When absorption loss is considered, by changing the period of metal plates so that the resonant frequency increases from microwave to terahertz, the amplitude of the resonance-enhanced Smith–Purcell radiation is found to decline in low frequencies (

<

5

T
H
z

) and then remain relatively stable in high frequencies (5–15 THz). Our results reveal that despite the absorption loss in the metal, leaky resonances can still substantially enhance Smith–Purcell radiation in microwave and terahertz.
Surface roughness in finite-element meshes: application to plasmonic nanostructures
Authors: Loth Fabian , Kiel Thomas , Busch Kurt , Kristensen Philip Trøst
Published: November 2022

Photonic and plasmonic nanostructures almost unavoidably exhibit some degree of surface roughness for which the details depend on the fabrication process. A corresponding quantitative modeling thus requires the separation of numerical errors from the effects of roughness as well as the systematic construction of rough surfaces with prescribed properties. Here, we present a practical approach for constructing meshes of general rough surfaces with given autocorrelation functions based on the unstructured meshes of nominally smooth surfaces. The approach builds on a well-known method to construct correlated random numbers from white noise using a decomposition of the autocorrelation matrix. We discuss important details pertaining to the application of the approach for modeling of surface roughness and provide a corresponding software implementation. As an example application, we demonstrate the impact of surface roughness on the resonance frequencies and quality factors of a plasmonic nano-sphere dimer using an open-source boundary finite-element Maxwell solver. The approach can be utilized within a broad range of numerical methods to analyze the effects of surface roughness in various fields of science and engineering.
High accurate self-calibration of photonic integrated circuit using lossless thermo-optic phase shifters
Authors: Yang Zhonghua , Liu Dapeng , Feng Jing , Liao Haijun , Liang Yuxing , Li Zhihui , Feng Junbo , Cui Naidi
Published: November 2022

The accurate calibration of large-scale switch networks is critical for integrated photonics, in which the integrated optical true time delay chip is typical. In this work, a novel self-calibration method without extra testing ports is proposed by introducing lossless thermo-optic phase shifters instead to calibrate the network. As a demonstration, a 5-bit delay line based on silicon nitride is fabricated and calibrated. The extinction ratio of all the switches is greater than 30.9 dB at the cross and bar states. Using this method, the 5-bit optical delay line which can be tuned in a range of 118.53 ps and reach a low delay time deviation less than ±0.4 ps.
Data-driven fiber model based on the deep neural network with multi-head attention mechanism
Authors: Zang Yubin , Yu Zhenming , Xu Kun , Chen Minghua , Yang Sigang , Chen Hongwei
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we put forward a data-driven fiber model based on the deep neural network with multi-head attention mechanism. This model, which predicts signal evolution through fiber transmission in optical fiber telecommunications, can have advantages in computation time without losing much accuracy compared with conventional split-step fourier method (SSFM). In contrast with other neural network based models, this model obtains a relatively good balance between prediction accuracy and distance generalization especially in cases where higher bit rate and more complicated modulation formats are adopted. By numerically demonstration, this model can have ability of predicting up to 16-QAM 160Gbps signals with any transmission distances ranging from 0 to 100 km under both circumstances of the signals without or with the noise.
Intracavity ranging enabled by a single-frequency self-sweeping fiber laser with a few-longitudinal-mode range
Authors: Wang Kaile , Wen Zengrun , Wang Ping
Published: November 2022

Self-sweeping fiber lasers have carved out numerous applications such as spectral detection, fiber sensor, etc. In this work, we propose a single-frequency self-sweeping fiber laser with a few-longitudinal-mode range by employing a length of space path to achieve the function of intracavity ranging. Different from the previous design, a fiber collimator and mirror are utilized to act as the reflector, and the distance between them can be adjusted flexibly. Based on this design, we achieve a few-longitudinal-mode self-sweeping operation containing seven longitudinal modes. When the distance is set as a fixed value, the behaviors of fiber laser containing central wavelength, quasi-continuous wave pulse, as well as radio frequency spectrum at different pump power are measured. The intracavity ranging systems are also demonstrated at different distances between collimator and mirror, showing a promising accuracy. This work provides a new laser ranging tool and opens up the applied scenario of self-sweeping fiber laser.
Double-modulation stimulated Raman scattering: how to image up to 16-fold faster
Authors: Heuke Sandro , Audier Xavier , Rigneault Hervé
Published: November 2022

A stimulated Raman microscope is conventionally performed by modulating either the pump or Stokes beam and demodulating the other. Here, we propose a double modulation scheme that modulates both beams at f
m
and 2f
m
. Exploiting aliasing and reduction of the repetition rate, we show that the proposed double modulation scheme amplifies the signal amplitude by a factor of 1.5, 2, and 4 for different modulation frequencies and experimental realizations for the same average power at the sample. By deriving the noise power for different sources, we show that the double modulation scheme can perform stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) imaging with an up to 16-fold speed improvement as compared with single beam modulation.
Self-absorption correction method for one-point calibration laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Hu Zhenlin , Nie Junfei , Ouyang Zhiyong , Zhang Deng , Liu Yuanchao , Chu Yanwu , Guo Lianbo
Published: November 2022

As an important variant of calibration-free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (CF-LIBS), one-point calibration LIBS (OPC-LIBS) corrects the Boltzmann plot of the unknown sample by using one known sample and obtains higher quantitative accuracy than CF-LIBS. However, the self-absorption effect restricts its accuracy. In this work, a new self-absorption correction (SAC) method for OPC-LIBS is proposed to solve this problem. This method uses an algorithm to correct the self-absorption and does not require the calculation of the self-absorption coefficient. To verify the effectiveness of this SAC method, Ti, V, and Al elements in two titanium alloys were determined by classical OPC-LIBS and OPC-LIBS with SAC. The average relative errors (AREs) of all elements in the two samples were decreased from 8.78% and 9.28% to 8.07% and 7.56%, respectively. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of this SAC method for OPC-LIBS.
Sensitivity-enhanced optical pressure sensor based on MoS2
Authors: Li Yan , Liang Shuai , Zhu Kehui , Qu Yuanyuan , Yang Fuling
Published: November 2022

A sensitivity-enhanced optical pressure sensor based on molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is proposed. The sensing principle is that the pressure causes the deformation of the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) pressure structure above the MoS2 film, leading to the change of the ambient refractive index, so that a measurable light propagation difference in the waveguide under the film is created to reflect the micro changes of the pressure. The pressure is finally numerically converted to the wavelength shift of the interference peak of the obtained spectrum. The process is simulated and analyzed using MoS2 dielectric film, in contrast with that using graphene dielectric film. It turns out that under same conditions, the MoS2 film has a more distinct modulation effect on light than that of the graphene film. Experiments using the real sensor prototype are carried out and the results show that the pressure measuring sensitivity is improved to 96.02 nm/kPa in the pressure range of 0–0.6 kPa, which is much higher than the typical optical pressure sensors. The proposed optical pressure sensor based on MoS2 is of high potential to support ultra-sensitive pressure detection in many applications.
Compact integrated mode-size converter using a broadband ultralow-loss parabolic-mirror collimator
Authors: Xu Hongnan , Qin Yue , Hu Gaolei , Tsang Hon Ki
Published: November 2022

In this Letter, we propose and demonstrate an integrated mode-size converter (MSC) with a compact footprint, low losses, and a broad bandwidth. By exploiting a parabolic mirror, the divergent light from a narrow waveguide (450 nm) is collimated to match the mode size of a wide waveguide (10 µm). The measured insertion loss (IL) is ≈ 0.15 dB over a 100-nm bandwidth. The mode-size conversion is achieved with a footprint as small as ≈ 20 × 32 µm2, which is much shorter than the linear taper length required to attain the same level of losses.
Few-cycle pulse compression and white light generation in cascaded multipass cells
Authors: Goncharov Semyon , Fritsch Kilian , Pronin Oleg
Published: November 2022

We report supercontinuum generation and pulse compression in two stacked multipass cells based on dielectric mirrors. The 230 fs pulses at 1 MHz containing 12 µJ are compressed by a factor of 33 down to 7 fs, corresponding to 1.0 GW peak power and overall transmission of 84%. The source is particularly interesting for such applications as time-resolved angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), photoemission electron microscopy, and nonlinear spectroscopy.
Increasing plant group productivity through latent genetic variation for cooperation
Authors: Wuest Samuel E. , Pires Nuno D. , Luo Shan , Vasseur Francois , Messier Julie , Grossniklaus Ueli , Niklaus Pascal A.
Published: November 2022

Historic yield advances in the major crops have, to a large extent, been achieved by selection for improved productivity of groups of plant individuals such as high-density stands. Research suggests that such improved group productivity depends on “cooperative” traits (e.g., erect leaves, short stems) that—while beneficial to the group—decrease individual fitness under competition. This poses a problem for some traditional breeding approaches, especially when selection occurs at the level of individuals, because “selfish” traits will be selected for and reduce yield in high-density monocultures. One approach, therefore, has been to select individuals based on ideotypes with traits expected to promote group productivity. However, this approach is limited to architectural and physiological traits whose effects on growth and competition are relatively easy to anticipate. Here, we developed a general and simple method for the discovery of alleles promoting cooperation in plant stands. Our method is based on the game-theoretical premise that alleles increasing cooperation benefit the monoculture group but are disadvantageous to the individual when facing noncooperative neighbors. Testing the approach using the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, we found a major effect locus where the rarer allele was associated with increased cooperation and productivity in high-density stands. The allele likely affects a pleiotropic gene, since we find that it is also associated with reduced root competition but higher resistance against disease. Thus, even though cooperation is considered evolutionarily unstable except under special circumstances, conflicting selective forces acting on a pleiotropic gene might maintain latent genetic variation for cooperation in nature. Such variation, once identified in a crop, could rapidly be leveraged in modern breeding programs and provide efficient routes to increase yields.
Urban pandemic response: Survey results describing the experiences from twenty-five cities during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Boyce Matthew R. , Cordoba Asprilla Melissa , van Loenen Breanna , McClelland Amanda , Rojhani Ariella
Published: November 2022

Since first being detected in Wuhan, China in late December 2019, COVID-19 has demanded a response from all levels of government. While the role of local governments in routine public health functions is well understood–and the response to the pandemic has highlighted the importance of involving local governments in the response to and management of large, multifaceted challenges–their role in pandemic response remains more undefined. Accordingly, to better understand how local governments in cities were involved in the response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we conducted a survey involving cities in the Partnership for Healthy Cities to: (i) understand which levels of government were responsible, accountable, consulted, and informed regarding select pandemic response activities; (ii) document when response activities were implemented; (iii) characterize how challenging response activities were; and (iv) query about future engagement in pandemic and epidemic preparedness. Twenty-five cities from around the world completed the survey and we used descriptive statistics to summarize the urban experience in pandemic response. Our results show that national authorities were responsible and accountable for a majority of the activities considered, but that local governments were also responsible and accountable for key activities–especially risk communication and coordinating with community-based organizations and civil society organizations. Further, most response activities were implemented after COVID-19 had been confirmed in a city, many pandemic response activities proved to be challenging for local authorities, and nearly all local authorities envisioned being more engaged in pandemic preparedness and response following the COVID-19 pandemic. This descriptive research represents an important contribution to an expanding evidence base focused on improving the response to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, as well as future outbreaks.
Oral vaccination of mice with attenuated Salmonella encoding Trichinella spiralis calreticulin and serine protease 1.1 confers protective immunity in BALB/c mice
Authors: Bai Sheng Jie , Han Lu Lu , Liu Ruo Dan , Long Shao Rong , Zhang Xi , Cui Jing , Wang Zhong Quan
Published: November 2022

Background

Trichinella spiralisis a foodborne parasitic nematode which is a serious risk to meat safety. Development of anti-Trichinellavaccine is needed to controlTrichinellainfection in food animals. In this study, two novelT.spiralisgenes (calreticulin and serine protease 1.1) in combination were used to construct oral DNA vaccines, and their induced protective immunity was evaluated in a murine model.

Methodology/Principal findings

TsCRT+TsSP1.1, TsCRT and TsSP1.1 DNA were transformed into attenuatedSalmonella typhimuriumΔcyaSL1344. Oral vaccination of mice with TsCRT+TsSP1.1, TsCRT and TsSP1.1 DNA vaccines elicited a gut local mucosal sIgA response and systemic Th1/Th2 mixed response. Oral vaccination with TsCRT+TsSP1.1 induced obviously higher level of serum specific antibodies, mucosal sIgA and cellular immune response than either of single TsCRT or TsSP1.1 DNA vaccination. Oral vaccination of mice with TsCRT+TsSP1.1 exhibited a 53.4% reduction of enteral adult worms and a 46.05% reduction of muscle larvae, conferred a higher immune protection than either of individual TsCRT (44.28 and 42.46%) or TsSP1.1 DNA vaccine (35.43 and 29.29%) alone. Oral vaccination with TsCRT+TsSP1.1, TsCRT and TsSP1.1 also obviously ameliorated inflammation of intestinal mucosa and skeletal muscles of vaccinated mice after challenge.

Conclusions

TsCRT and TsSP1.1 might be regarded the novel potential targets for anti-Trichinellavaccines. AttenuatedSalmonella-delivered DNA vaccine provided a prospective approach to controlT.spiralisinfection in food animals.
Modeling of high voltage induction motor cooling system using linear regression mathematical models
Authors: Rosli Nurfatihah Syalwiah , Ibrahim Rosdiazli , Ismail Idris , Omar Madiah
Published: November 2022

Achieving reliable power efficiency from a high voltage induction motor (HVIM) is a great challenge, as the rigorous control strategy is susceptible to unexpected failure. External cooling is commonly used in an HVIM cooling system, and it is a vital part of the motor that is responsible for keeping the motor at the proper operating temperature. A malfunctioning cooling system component can cause motor overheating, which can destroy the motor and cause the entire plant to shut down. As a result, creating a dynamic model of the motor cooling system for quality performance, failure diagnosis, and prediction is critical. However, the external motor cooling system design in HVIM is limited and separately done in the past. With this issue in mind, this paper proposes a combined modeling approach to the HVIM cooling system which consists of integrating the electrical, thermal, and cooler model using the mathematical model for thermal performance improvement. Firstly, the development of an electrical model using an established mathematical model. Subsequently, the development of a thermal model using combined mathematical and linear regression models to produce motor temperature. Then, a modified cooler model is developed to provide cold air temperature for cooling monitoring. All validated models are integrated into a single model called the HVIM cooling system as the actual setup of the HVIM. Ultimately, the core of this modeling approach is integrating all models to accurately represent the actual signals of the motor cooler temperature. Then, the actual signals are used to validate the whole structure of the model using Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) analysis. The results demonstrate the high accuracy of the HVIM cooling system representation with less than 1% error tolerance based on the industrial plant experts. Thus, it will be helpful for future utilization in quality maintenance, fault identification and prediction study.
Coexistence or conflict: Black bear habitat use along an urban-wildland gradient
Authors: Klees van Bommel Joanna , Sun Catherine , Ford Adam T. , Todd Melissa , Burton A. Cole
Published: November 2022

The urban-wildland interface is expanding and increasing the risk of human-wildlife conflict. Some wildlife species adapt to or avoid living near people, while others select for anthropogenic resources and are thus more prone to conflict. To promote human-wildlife coexistence, wildlife and land managers need to understand how conflict relates to habitat and resource use in the urban-wildland interface. We investigated black bear (Ursus americanus) habitat use across a gradient of human disturbance in a North American hotspot of human-black bear conflict. We used camera traps to monitor bear activity from July 2018 to July 2019, and compared bear habitat use to environmental and anthropogenic variables and spatiotemporal probabilities of conflict. Bears predominantly used areas of high vegetation productivity and increased their nocturnality near people. Still, bears used more high-conflict areas in summer and autumn, specifically rural lands with ripe crops. Our results suggest that bears are generally modifying their behaviours in the urban-wildland interface through spatial and temporal avoidance of humans, which may facilitate coexistence. However, conflict still occurs, especially in autumn when hyperphagia and peak crop availability attract bears to abundant rural food resources. To improve conflict mitigation practices, we recommend targeting seasonal rural attractants with pre-emptive fruit picking, bear-proof compost containment, and other forms of behavioural deterrence. By combining camera-trap monitoring of a large carnivore along an anthropogenic gradient with conflict mapping, we provide a framework for evidence-based improvements in human-wildlife coexistence.
No effect of a dairy-based, high flavonoid pre-workout beverage on exercise-induced intestinal injury, permeability, and inflammation in recreational cyclists: A randomized controlled crossover trial
Authors: Kung Stephanie , Vakula Michael N. , Kim Youngwook , England Derek L. , Bergeson Janet , Bressel Eadric , Lefevre Michael , Ward Robert
Published: November 2022

Background

Submaximal endurance exercise has been shown to cause elevated gastrointestinal permeability, injury, and inflammation, which may negatively impact athletic performance and recovery. Preclinical and some clinical studies suggest that flavonoids, a class of plant secondary metabolites, may regulate intestinal permeability and reduce chronic low-grade inflammation. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of supplemental flavonoid intake on intestinal health and cycling performance.

Materials and methods

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial was conducted with 12 cyclists (8 males and 4 females). Subjects consumed a dairy milk-based, high or low flavonoid (490 or 5 mg) pre-workout beverage daily for 15 days. At the end of each intervention, a submaximal cycling trial (45 min, 70% VO2max) was conducted in a controlled laboratory setting (23°C), followed by a 15-minute maximal effort time trial during which total work and distance were determined. Plasma samples were collected pre- and post-exercise (0h, 1h, and 4h post-exercise). The primary outcome was intestinal injury, assessed by within-subject comparison of plasma intestinal fatty acid-binding protein. Prior to study start, this trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03427879).

Results

A significant time effect was observed for intestinal fatty acid binding protein and circulating cytokines (IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α). No differences were observed between the low and high flavonoid treatment for intestinal permeability or injury. The flavonoid treatment tended to increase cycling work output (p = 0.051), though no differences were observed for cadence or total distance.

Discussion

Sub-chronic supplementation with blueberry, cocoa, and green tea in a dairy-based pre-workout beverage did not alleviate exercise-induced intestinal injury during submaximal cycling, as compared to the control beverage (dairy-milk based with low flavonoid content).
Pairing medical students on the wards: A multi-site analysis of pairing effect on clerkship performance
Authors: Sharma Krishan K. , Chang Yuchiao , Miloslavsky Eli M.
Published: November 2022

Background

Medical students are often paired together on clinical teams during their clerkships. While this practice has multiple potential positive effects, evidence suggests that most students feel that their evaluation is impacted by the other student. This perception negatively impacts the learning environment. We set out to determine whether paired students had a measurable effect on each other’s clerkship grade during the medicine sub-internship.

Method

We examined 186 4th year student-pairs during the required medicine sub-internship at 3 hospital sites of Harvard Medical School from 2013–2017. Chi-square tests were used to determine whether pairing impacted the final clerkship grade. Subsequently we examined whether pairing impacted the sub-internship performance stratified by students’ 3rd year core medicine clerkship grade to account for prior performance.

Findings

We found no significant deviation between the expected and observed distribution of student grades (chi-square 1.9, p = 0.39) among 186 student pairs, suggesting that pairing had no meaningful effect on the sub-internship grade. We also saw no significant effect of pairing when controlling for prior internal medicine clerkship performance (chi-square 10.9, p = 0.53).

Conclusions

Despite concerns that students on the same medical team may impact each other’s performance evaluation, our exploratory study demonstrated no significant effect of student pairing on grades in a medicine sub-internship. Further study of the complex relationship between students on a medical team are warranted to optimize this common practice and enhance the learning environment.
Hyporesponsiveness to erythropoiesis-stimulating agent in non-dialysis-dependent CKD patients: The BRIGHTEN study
Authors: Narita Ichiei , Hayashi Terumasa , Maruyama Shoichi , Masaki Takao , Nangaku Masaomi , Nishino Tomoya , Sato Hiroshi , Sofue Tadashi , Wada Takashi , Imai Enyu , Iwasaki Manabu , Mizuno Kyoichi , Hase Hiroki , Kamouchi Masahiro , Yamamoto Hiroyasu , Kagimura Tatsuo , Tanabe Kenichiro , Kato Hideki , Wada Takehiko , Usui Tomoko , Akizawa Tadao , Hirakata Hideki , Tsubakihara Yoshiharu
Published: November 2022

Among non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease (ND-CKD) patients, a low hematopoietic response to erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) is a predictor for poor renal and cardiovascular outcome. To assess the method for evaluating hyporesponsiveness to ESA in patients with ND-CKD, a multicenter, prospective, observational study of 1,980 adult patients with ND-CKD with renal anemia was conducted. Darbepoetin alfa (DA) and iron supplement administrations were provided according to the recommendation of the attached document and the guidelines of JSDT (Japanese Society of Dialysis and Transplantation). The primary outcomes were progression of renal dysfunction and major adverse cardiovascular events. ESA responsiveness was assessed using pre-defined candidate formulae. During the mean follow-up period of 96 weeks, renal and cardiovascular disease (CVD) events occurred in 683 (39.6%) and 174 (10.1%) of 1,724 patients, respectively. Among pre-set candidate formulae, the one expressed by dividing the dose of DA by Hb level at the 12-week DA treatment was statistically significant in predicting renal (hazard ratio [HR], 1.449; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.231–1.705; P<0.0001) and CVD events (HR, 1.719; 95% CI, 1.239–2.386; P = 0.0010). The optimum cut-off values for both events were close to 5.2. In conclusion, hyporesponsiveness to ESA in ND-CKD cases, which is associated with a risk for renal and CVD events, may be evaluated practicably as the dose of DA divided by the Hb level at the 12-week DA treatment, and the cut-off value of this index is 5.2. A search for the causes of poor response and measures for them should be recommended in such patients.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials. gov Identifier: NCT02136563; UMIN Clinical Trial Registry Identifier: UMIN000013464.
Interdisciplinary collaboration from diverse science teams can produce significant outcomes
Authors: Specht Alison , Crowston Kevin
Published: November 2022

Scientific teams are increasingly diverse in discipline, international scope and demographics. Diversity has been found to be a driver of innovation but also can be a source of interpersonal friction. Drawing on a mixed-method study of 22 scientific working groups, this paper presents evidence that team diversity has a positive impact on scientific output (i.e., the number of journal papers and citations) through the mediation of the interdisciplinarity of the collaborative process, as evidenced by publishing in and citing more diverse sources. Ironically these factors also seem to be related to lower team member satisfaction and perceived effectiveness, countered by the gender balance of the team. Qualitative data suggests additional factors that facilitate collaboration, such as trust and leadership. Our findings have implications for team design and management, as team diversity seems beneficial, but the process of integration can be difficult and needs management to lead to a productive and innovative process.
The effects of intensive feeding on reproductive performance in laboratory zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Adatto Isaac , Lawrence Christian , Krug Lauren , Zon Leonard I.
Published: November 2022

The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is among the most widely used model animals in scientific research. Historically, these fish have been reared in the laboratory using simple methods developed by home aquarists. For laboratories with high demand for breeding and generation turn-over, however, there has been a shift away from this approach towards one that leverages techniques, tools, and feeds from commercial aquaculture to help accelerate growth rates and decrease generation times. While these advances have improved efficiency, the effects of feeding zebrafish diets that are designed to grow disparately related cold-water fish species to market size quickly are not well-understood. To explore the impacts that intensive feeding protocols may have on this species, groups of zebrafish larvae from two different wild-type lines were stocked into treatment tanks at a standard density of 10 fish per liter and were administered either a “high” or “low” food diet for a maximum of 63 days. During their growth phase, the “high” food diet group received at least 8x more rotifers and at least 2x more Artemia than the “low” food diet group. Growth, survival, and reproductive performance (fecundity and viability) were measured in these fish and in their offspring. We found that fish that were fed more grew more rapidly and were able to reproduce earlier than fish that were fed less, but they were also more likely to produce higher proportions of non-viable embryos.
Perceived environmental risks and hazards in urban poor communities and associated health outcomes
Authors: Wafula John Paul
Published: November 2022

Background: Environmental risks and hazards are a major contributor to the disease burden in Africa and globally. This is particularly a growing concern in urban poor communities of the global south due to rapid urbanization. Studies have shown that environmental risks and hazards threaten human health and wellbeing. The urgent need to understand the immense interdependencies that exist between humans and both biotic and abiotic environments and, consequent impact on human and planetary health has led to new approaches such as One Health and Ecohealth. Few studies have also been done to investigate the relationship between lay people’s perception of environmental risks and experienced health outcomes.Objectives: The study aimed to (1) describe household perception of environmental risks and experienced health outcomes, (2) examine the association between perceived environmental risks and health outcomes and (3) investigate the relationship between household characteristics, perceived environmental risks and experienced health outcomes.Methods: A cross-sectional study of 152 households in the Odawna community using the Ecohealth approach developed and promoted by the International Development Research Centre (IDRC). The second and third objectives were analyzed using Chi-square correlation and binary regression respectively.Results: Households perceived floods, air pollution, water pollution and waste accumulation as the main environmental risks facing the community. At the same time, most of the households had experienced sanitation-related illnesses while a smaller proportion had experienced airway illnesses and waterborne diseases. The results also indicate that perceived floods, air pollution and, sex of the household head were significant predictors of household experience of sanitation-related illnesses.Conclusion: we recommend inclusive approaches such as Ecohealth to addressing health and environment issues in urban poor communities and, the need to examine risk perception at the local level among vulnerable communities.
An On-Screen Trial: Resistance to Corruption or Audience Manipulation in Ciutat Morta?
Authors: Vialette Aurélie
Published: November 2022

In this essay I argue that Ciutat Morta, a 2013 film directed by Xavier Artigas and Xapo Ortega based on the case “4F,” is turned into a fiction of a court of justice and puts forth an aesthetics aimed at recreating the conditions for a new sentence. This aesthetics, in itself a fiction, is however constructed in all its aspects to become a powerful tool of denunciation of the actual trial. Witnesses from all institutional spheres dismantle the arguments that the judges had used to write the sentence and imprison the defendants. In this regard, then, the documentary, as a fictional medium, is however given the status of a document empowered as a tool for a new narrative of the events. Yet to do so, the documentary manipulates the development of the case to present evidence in its particular narrative, sometimes forgetting how the law actually operates: this subtle and notwithstanding alteration of the narrative provides a fascinating insight into how the creation of an on-screen trial can have social repercussions, up to forming webs of solidarity and acts of resistance in the public sphere.
Poetry, Bodies and the Shadow of Nation at the 2012 London Olympics
Authors: Figueredo María
Published: November 2022

This essay examines the poetic performances of Rocío Cerón, Melisa Machado and Lía Colombino at the Poetry Parnassus, a non-competitive cultural event planned as part of the 2012 London Olympics. They were chosen to represent Mexico, Uruguay and Paraguay, three of the Latin American nations that competed athletically at the 2012 event. After describing this competition, the essay goes on to explore the performative and communicative strategies used by each of these three poets and it does so by relying on the notion of poesía expandida. The final three sections contain an analysis of the brief selections each of the poets performed. Despite marked differences between these poets, the essay argues that they share an interest in dismantling postcolonial notions of subjectivity, and that they do so by highlighting the importance of the body in the performance of their poetry, and the importance of the prehistoric origins of their respective selves in their poetic imagery. Only Cerón addresses her relationship with her national heritage directly in the poem she chose to perform; but the other two poets’ marked preoccupation with their animal, pre-cultural bodies reveals a generalized uncertainty, or discomfort, towards the postcolonial histories they have inherited.
Publicando el placer: los gestos queer en la música y el performance de Kumbia Queers y Krudas Cubensi
Authors: Wood Naomi Pueo
Published: November 2022

La tensión que ha surgido del discurso nacional relacionada con las fronteras del cuerpo y la sexualidad ha impulsado simultáneamente un empuje hacia la homonormatividad y también una explícita expresión de la sexualidad transgresiva queer. Este análisis se enfoca en dos grupos musicales que invierten la retórica gay neoliberal, homonormativa, que se basa en el dolor, la lucha, y el rechazo y, en cambio, resaltan el placer, el deseo, y el goce como principales características de la identidad queer. Kumbia Queers, grupo musical de cumbia-punk de México y Argentina, y Krudas Cubensi, grupo hip hop de Cuba, invierten géneros musicales, papeles de género, y expectativas homonormativas para centralizar el cuerpo, la sensualidad y el placer en su proyecto socio-político. Este capítulo muestra como estos dos grupos musicales articulan una identidad transgresiva como inseparable del deseo y el goce en oposición a la tendencia del movimiento gay neoliberal que se enfoca en la asimilación de los homosexuales a la sociedad dominante: normativa, clase media y blanca. A través de su letra, poesía y performance, estos dos grupos re-sitúan el discurso queer a uno localizado en el cuerpo y el placer.
Reimaginar la autoría: la desapropiación según Cristina Rivera Garza
Authors: Medina Francisco Estrada
Published: November 2022

Siguiendo muy de cerca a la pensadora norteamericana Marjorie Perloff y su trabajo seminal Unoriginal Genius: Poetry by Other Means in the New Century (2010), Cristina Rivera Garza publica en el 2013 Los muertos indóciles. Necroescrituras y desapropiación. Además de trasladar al contexto hispanohablante las reflexiones de Perloff sobre la escritura en la era digital, la aportación más brillante de Rivera Garza es la del concepto de desapropiación. Analizando tendencias literarias que se cargan decididamente hacia las prácticas de apropiación escritural —a las que ambas pensadoras agrupan bajo la etiqueta de estéticas citacionistas—, Cristina Rivera Garza nos advierte sobre el peligro de aterrizar de nueva cuenta en el culto excesivo al autor y las implicaciones políticas que esto conlleva. Para reimaginar el concepto de autoría, para traspasar sus fronteras, Rivera Garza nos ofrece la desapropiación: una forma de “desposeerse del dominio sobre lo propio” a través de la escritura en coautoría. El objetivo, entonces, sería escapar del circuito de la propiedad privada; intentar modificar, aunque sea levemente, las lógicas imperantes de acumulación excesiva de capital cultural y económico. Aquí propongo una lectura de los supuestos que sustentan la desapropiación con el propósito de ensanchar la discusión, argumentando con especial énfasis que las licencias copyleft de distribución comercial —utilizadas en México por libros como Antígona González, de Sara Uribe— son un siguiente paso lógico para la desapropiación y, sobre todo, una medida eficaz en sintonía con las preocupaciones estéticas y políticas de Rivera Garza.
El mal de la taiga (2012) de Cristina Rivera Garza: hipermedialidad y nuevas formas de lectura
Authors: Ricalde Maricruz Castro
Published: November 2022

En este artículo me acerco a El mal de la taiga (2012) de Cristina Rivera Garza desde la consideración del espacio fantasmático que suscita la novela. En ella se replantean los rasgos del género novelesco tradicional, al enlazarlos con concepciones cercanas a los productos generados a través de los medios digitales: la página impresa se transforma en un soporte hipermedial que convoca texto, imágenes y audio, mientras que intradiegéticamente derrumba las fronteras de los géneros “menores” (novela negra, fantástica, romántica) para construir una trama significativamente intertextual. Planteo que en esta novela Rivera Garza experimenta con la forma y el formato de la ficción novelesca para interactuar de otra manera con sus lectores. Su obra se inserta plenamente en los lenguajes digitales de la segunda década del siglo XXI y, por lo tanto, invita a reflexionar sobre los derroteros de la narrativa literaria contemporánea.
El ballet clásico como intertexto enLa casa de la lagunade Rosario Ferré
Authors: Rivera Olga
Published: November 2022

En La casa de la laguna, los intertextos del ballet clásico cumplen una función principal en la articulación de un discurso que visibiliza e impugna la posición subordinada de la mujer y la represión de la sexualidad femenina. En los capítulos “La Escuela de Ballet Kerenski” y “El pájaro de fuego”, Rosario Ferré entabla un diálogo intertextual con Giselle, El lago de los cisnes y El pájaro de fuego, que, además de subvertir los roles del género y los paradigmas femeninos configurados en los libretos y la performance tradicional de esos ballets, proporciona modelos alternativos de conducta que empoderan a la mujer y escenifican la posibilidad de resistir la represión social y sexual en el escenario puertorriqueño reconstruido en esa novela.
Art, Poetry, and Testimonio in Cecilia Vicuña’s Saborami (1973)
Authors: Lynd Juliet , Roncero-Bellido Ana
Published: November 2022

Saborami (1973) is the first book published by Chilean poet-artist Cecilia Vicuña (b. 1947) and one of the first artistic denunciations of the violence of the September 11, 1973 military coup d’état in Chile. This understudied work of the Chilean neo avant-garde was first published in a bilingual Spanish-English edition with Beau Geste Press, one of the most influential independent presses for the publication, printing and duplicating of experimental art in the 1970s. This first artisanal edition of 250 copies was constructed from recycled paper and gathered several of the art projects Vicuña had been working on in the years prior to the coup, pairing them with poetic reflections on the politics of her art. Saborami is a dense, complex, multi-tonal work composed of –among other things– found objects, personal letters, ironic and non-ironic self-portraits of the artist in suggestive positions, mimeographed images of various types, duplications of the author’s earlier paintings, and a collection of erotic poems that were slated to be published during the last years of the Allende regime but were apparently censored for their explicit sexuality. Co-authors Lynd and Roncero-Bellido position this work at the crossroads between testimonio and vanguard art, then proceed to examine Vicuña’s aesthetically innovative contribution to the testimonial genre. Recent new editions of Saborami, the authors argue, demonstrate the need for a scholarly discourse that takes seriously the role of 1960s and 1970s experimental art as an important manifestation of oppositional discourses.