bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wybrane zagadnienia cyfryzacji działalności gospodarczej, społecznej i edukacyjnej
Authors: Szejniuk Aleksandra
Published: November 2022

The nature of the so-called the Fourth Revolution leaves no doubt as to the chances of survival in a digital world full of connections, varied as to their shape, strength and durability. All these relationships are based in practice on more and more advanced communication solutions and information. Only organizations that, firstly, accept the necessity of constant adaptation to the changing rules of functioning, and, secondly, will be able to stay ahead of trends by proposing innovative solutions, will achieve success. The challenges faced by organizations relate to virtually all spheres of their functioning, starting from the flexible adaptation of their strategies and offers to the changing needs of the recipient or, more broadly, stakeholder. Then, these challenges relate to the adaptation of the existing organizational structures, functional divisions within the organization, the shape of the processes, more and more virtual, and in all areas of cooperation with the client, from customer service, through performance or provision, to after-sales service. After all, the challenges in the area of organizational changes concern the products themselves, which themselves must be more and more digital, i.e. contain components based on the use of IT solutions, which determine its final reception. Finally, you should not forget about the additional, and perhaps key, the value of digital change in organizations which is knowledge. Change builds knowledge, and it drives further progress, where innovation and the ability to respond to changes in the environment are of particular importance. The multiplication of wisdom, which is achieved through the skilful use of resources, including knowledge, should be the main goal of those who direct and lead changes. Contents the substantive content of the chapters of the presented monograph is diverse, but the common denominator of all considerations is digitization. The need for adaptive changes towards a flexible framework for functioning and processes, assuming the critical role of information systems and technologies today, concerns both business, social and educational organizations. Each of these three segments of the organization is detailed in the monograph, showing the changes taking place in them on the example of selected aspects. Reading individual studies allows to say that they remain in the area of digitization of the organization. This makes the considerations topical. The studies contain theoretical and practical knowledge, showing categories, phenomena, and mechanisms of influencing organizations.
Short wavelength operation of a 10 m perimeter ring laser gyroscope
Authors: Zou Dian , Thirkettle Robert J. , Schreiber K. Ulrich , Wells Jon-Paul R.
Published: November 2022

We report on the operation of a 10 m perimeter, helium–neon based ring laser gyroscope on the

3

s
2

→
2

p
6

(611.8 nm) and

3

s
2

→
2

p

10

(543.4 nm) transitions of neon. Cavity

Q

factors of

1.5
×

10

12

and

3.8
×

10

11

are obtained for 611.8 and 543.4 nm operation, inferred from measured ring-down times of 485 and 110 μs, respectively. For Sagnac frequencies, due to Earth rotation, of 205.14 and 230.96 Hz, minimum resolvable rotation rates of 80 and 226 prad/s are achieved for integration times of around 100 s. While environment limited performance is achieved for operation at 611.8 nm, it is found that a restrictive gas pressure regime must be utilized for the 543.4 nm lasing wavelength. As a consequence, the output photon count is low, which limits its intrinsic sensitivity for rotation rate measurements.
Contactless SpO2 with an RGB camera: experimental proof of calibrated SpO2
Authors: van Gastel Mark , Verkruysse Wim
Published: November 2022

Camera-based blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) monitoring allows reliable measurements without touching the skin and is therefore very attractive when there is a risk of cross-infection, in case of fragile skin, and/or to improve the clinical workflow. Despite promising results, productization of the technology is hampered by the unavailability of adequate hardware, especially a camera, which can capture the optimal wavelengths for SpO2 measurements in the red near-infrared region. A regular color (RGB) camera is attractive because of its availability, but also poses several risks and challenges which affect the accuracy of the measurement. To mitigate the most important risks, we propose to add low-cost commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components to the setup. We executed two studies with this setup: one at a hypoxia lab with SpO2 values in the range 70 − 100% with the purpose to determine the calibration model, and the other study on volunteers to investigate the accuracy for different spot-check scenarios. The proposed processing pipeline includes face tracking and a robust method to estimate the ratio of relative amplitudes of the photoplethysmographic waveforms. Results show that the error is smaller than 4 percent points for realistic screening scenarios where the subject is seated, either with or without head support and/or ambient light.
DSP-enhanced radio-over-fiber technologies for 5G-and-beyond wired-wireless convergence: publisher’s note
Authors: Zhu Paikun , Yoshida Yuki , Kanno Atsushi , Kitayama Ken-ichi
Published: November 2022

This publisher’s note contains corrections to J. Opt. Commun. Netw.
14, 595 (2022)JOCNBB1943-062010.1364/JOCN.455171.
Automatic acquisition method for evaluating the on-orbit modulation transfer function based on lunar targets
Authors: Ai Jingjing , Bai Zhaoming , Gao Peng , Han Zhongyi , Huang Yue , Chen Lin
Published: November 2022

In view of the existing method having a great subjectivity for the lunar edge selection, we propose an automatic knife-edge detection method based on the Hough transform to evaluate the on-orbit modulation transfer function (MTF) of the satellite remote sensor. This novel method avoids the dependence of the on-orbit MTF measurement on the edge selection location, overcoming the limitation of the traditional method needing to identify the lunar shape and fix its edge area. On basis of two different edge detection algorithms (Sobel operator and Prewitt operator), the binary edge images of the moon are acquired, thus obtaining a series of edges satisfying the determination requirement by the Hough transform, and the MTFs corresponding to each knife-edge are calculated to obtain the optimal MTF. The automatic knife-edge detection method greatly improves the accuracy of the lunar edge selection, and the MTF obtained by the novel method is obviously better than that of the traditional method. In order to verify the effectiveness of the novel method, the long time series of the on-orbit MTFs for the FY-2G and FY-2E satellite measurements are given, indicating that the FY-2E observation has higher stability and better performance compared with that of the FY-2G satellite. This study has an important practical significance for evaluating the on-orbit stability of the satellite its optical imaging quality.
Broadband Wollaston prism with a large output beam separation based on mercurous halides
Authors: Krauz Lukáš , Páta Petr , Bednář Jan , Klíma Miloš , Janout Petr
Published: November 2022

The paper proposes a Wollaston-type crystal polarizer suitable for broadband operation within the visible spectral band up to the far infrared band based on unique optical materials, mercurous halides (Hg2X2). This paper introduces the general characteristics and optical properties of these birefringent tetragonal optical materials, as well as the general description of a Wollaston prism and the process of its parameter optimization. In general, the Wollaston polarizer is constructed from two combined wedge-shaped prisms. The key parameters that affect the properties of the Wollaston polarizer are then the cut angle of these two prisms and the refractive index of the exploited optical cement (immersion) that bonds the prisms together. The optimal prism cut angles and immersion refractive index are investigated to maximize the Wollaston parameters, such as the transmittance of the polarized radiation and the separation angle of the output orthogonally polarized beams. This process is significantly dependent on the characteristics of all selected mercurous halides (Hg2Cl2, Hg2Br2, Hg2I2). The optimal values of the prism cut angle for each material are selected based on the outlined results. In addition, the Wollaston prism behaviour regarding real radiation propagation is modelled in detail via the Zemax optical studio. The presented models aim to aid in the real design and fabrication of a broadband Wollaston polarizer based on mercurous halides.
Broadband soft X-ray source from a clustered gas target dedicated to high-resolution XCT and X-ray absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Janulewicz Karol A. , Węgrzyński Łukasz , Fok Tomasz , Bartnik Andrzej , Fiedorowicz Henryk , Skruszewicz Sławomir , Wünsche Martin , Eckner Erich , Fuchs Silvio , Reinhard Julius , Abel Johann J. , Wiesner Felix , Paulus Gerhard. G. , Rödel Christian , Kim Chul Min , Wachulak Przemysław W.
Published: November 2022

The development of the broad-bandwidth photon sources emitting in the soft X-ray range has attracted great attention for a long time due to the possible applications in high-resolution spectroscopy, nano-metrology, and material sciences. A high photon flux accompanied by a broad, smooth spectrum is favored for the applications such as near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), or XUV/X-ray coherence tomography (XCT). So far, either large-scale facilities or technologically challenging systems providing only limited photon flux in a single shot dominate the suitable sources. Here, we present a soft, broad-band (1.5 nm - 10.7 nm) soft X-ray source. The source is based on the interaction of very intense laser pulses with a target formed by a cluster mixture. A photon yield of 2.4 × 1014 photons/pulse into 4π (full space) was achieved with a medium containing Xe clusters of moderate-size mixed with a substantial amount of extremely large ones. It is shown that such a cluster mixture enhances the photon yield in the soft X-ray range by roughly one order of magnitude. The size of the resulting source is not beneficial (≤500 µm but this deficit is compensated by a specific spectral structure of its emission fulfilling the specific needs of the spectroscopic (broad spectrum and high signal dynamics) and metrological applications (broad and smoothed spectrum enabling a sub-nanometer resolution limit for XCT).
Role of fractional high harmonics with non-integer OAM on the generation of a helical attosecond pulse train
Authors: Han Jiaxin , Tang Xiangyu , Yin Zhiming , Wang Kan , Fu Yong , Wang Beiyu , Chen Yanbo , Zhang Chi , Jin Cheng
Published: November 2022

Extreme-ultraviolet pulses of attosecond duration carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) can be produced by spectrally filtering vortex high harmonics generated in a gas medium. Here we reveal that fractional high harmonics (FHHs) with non-integer OAM generated by a short duration Laguerre-Gaussian laser beam are origins for the change of helical attosecond pulse train (APT) with azimuthal angle. We show that these harmonics have gap and minimum structures in the annular intensity profile and discontinue phase distribution along azimuthal angle. And each FHH can be expressed as a superposition of OAM modes with integer topological charges. Features of FHH can be identified by coherently combining selected OAM modes. We also uncover that these features are formed after FHH is propagated in gas medium and in vacuum. We finally demonstrate that the generation of FHHs and the dependence of helical APTs on azimuthal angle are changed by varying the macroscopic condition.
Simple and fast calibration method for phase-only spatial light modulators
Authors: Lee Minchol , Koo Donghoon , Kim Jeongmin
Published: November 2022

Phase-only spatial light modulators (SLMs) are widely used to engineer the phase of light in various applications. However, liquid-crystal-on-silicon SLMs have undesirable spatial variations in phase response and optical flatness across the SLM panel, which must be compensated for accurate phase control. Here, we introduce a simple and fast way to simultaneously extract these two types of SLM nonuniformities at single-pixel resolution using Twyman–Green interferometry without a piezoelectric transducer. By modulating the interference intensity via the SLM gray level, our approach requires N times fewer interferograms than typical N-step phase shift interferometry (PSI), while providing flatness correction as accurate as PSI. In practice, our calibration method works well with as few as 18 interferograms, which can be quickly acquired without concern for phase drift. We detail the calibration procedure and discuss the performance of our calibration.
Improving diameter measurement from Fraunhofer diffraction with fringe segment splicing
Authors: Wu Bin , Zhao Yingpeng , Yang Zekuan , Li Dianrong , Zhang Kaijun , Cao Xiaochao , Lin Qiang , Hu Zhenghui
Published: November 2022

Fraunhofer diffraction is an easy but powerful method for measuring the diameter of a thin filament. In practice, however, the diffraction pattern attainable is always subject to limits imposed by various imperfections in real systems, such as small angle approximation and sensor threshold, thus degrading the measurement resolution. In this Letter, we propose a method of fringe segment splicing for improving the diameter measurement from Fraunhofer diffraction. The fringe segment is chosen from a real diffraction pattern and is used to reproduce an ideal diffraction fringe, where the theoretical estimates give the best approximation to the observations. The problem of diameter measurement is solved in the spatial frequency-domain with an ideal diffraction fringe. Our results show that the relative error in this method is less than 0.1% and is far superior to that of previous methods.
Electromagnetic induction for reinforced concrete bursting: principles, simulations, experiments, and applications
Authors: Wang Min , Wang Zhan , Chen Zhaojun , Wang Xiaopeng , Lv Ruichan
Published: November 2022

Reinforced concrete (RC) structures are widely used in the field of architecture. With the rapid development of highway construction all over the world, some such buildings need to be demolished. However, various traditional dismantling methods are either time-consuming and labor-intensive, or cause pollution and present certain safety hazards. In this research, COMSOL simulation and experimental verification of various schemes of electromagnetic heating used for bursting RC was carried out. Also, the conducted bursting experiments using electromagnetic waves—including microwaves—were further processed to verify their infeasibility. Finally, we proposed a feasible electromagnetic heating device for bursting RC. Compared with the traditional bursting technology, the device has the advantages of high efficiency, environmental protection, safety, and convenience, and has high social and practical value.
Design and single-shot fabrication of lensless cameras with arbitrary point spread functions
Authors: Lee Kyung Chul , Bae Junghyun , Baek Nakkyu , Jung Jaewoo , Park Wook , Lee Seung Ah
Published: November 2022

Lensless cameras are a novel class of computational imaging devices, in
which the lenses are replaced with a thin mask to achieve
ultra-compact and low-cost hardware. In this paper, we propose a
method for high-throughput fabrication of lensless cameras designed
with arbitrary point spread functions (PSFs) for various imaging
tasks. The workflow of our method includes designing the smooth phase
mask profiles for a given PSF pattern and then fabricating the mask in
a single shot via the gray-scale lithography technique. Compared to
the existing approaches, our combined workflow allows an ultra-fast
and cost-effective fabrication of phase masks and is suitable for mass
production and commercialization of lensless cameras. We show that our
method can be used for a flexible production of custom lensless
cameras with various pre-designed PSFs and effectively obtain images
of the scene via computational image reconstruction. Finally, we
discuss and demonstrate the future directions and the potential
applications of our custom lensless cameras, including the deployment
of the learned reconstruction networks for fast imaging and
fingerprint detection via optical template matching.
MYB44-ENAP1/2 restricts HDT4 to regulate drought tolerance in Arabidopsis
Authors: Zhao Bo , Shao Zhengyao , Wang Likai , Zhang Fan , Chakravarty Daveraj , Zong Wei , Dong Juan , Song Liang , Qiao Hong
Published: November 2022

Histone acetylation has been shown to involve in stress responses. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms that how histone deacetylases and transcription factors function in drought stress response remain to be understood. In this research, we show that ENAP1 and ENAP2 are positive regulators of drought tolerance in plants, and the enap1enap2 double mutant is more sensitive to drought stress. Both ENAP1 and ENAP2 interact with MYB44, a transcription factor that interacts with histone deacetylase HDT4. Genetics data show that myb44 null mutation enhances the sensitivity of enap1enap2 to drought stress. Whereas, HDT4 negatively regulates plant drought response, the hdt4 mutant represses enap1enap2myb44 drought sensitive phenotype. In the normal condition, ENAP1/2 and MYB44 counteract the HDT4 function for the regulation of H3K27ac. Upon drought stress, the accumulation of MYB44 and reduction of HDT4 leads to the enrichment of H3K27ac and the activation of target gene expression. Overall, this research provides a novel molecular mechanism by which ENAP1, ENAP2 and MYB44 form a complex to restrict the function of HDT4 in the normal condition; under drought condition, accumulated MYB44 and reduced HDT4 lead to the elevation of H3K27ac and the expression of drought responsive genes, as a result, plants are drought tolerant.
RNAi-mediated knockdown of arginine kinase genes leads to high mortality and negatively affect reproduction and blood-feeding behavior of Culex pipiens pallens
Authors: Qian Kun , Guan Qingqing , Zhang Haoyu , Zhang Nan , Meng Xiangkun , Liu Hongxia , Wang Jianjun
Published: November 2022

Background

Arginine kinase (AK) is one of the crucial enzymes involved in energy metabolism in invertebrates, and has been proposed as the target for RNA interference (RNAi)-based control of agricultural insect pests. While there is only one AK gene in most insects, two AK genes were identified in Culex pipiens pallens, the primary vector of lymphatic filariasis and epidemic encephalitis.

Methods

The full-length cDNA sequences of CpAK1 and CpAK2 genes were obtained by reverse transcription PCR(RT-PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The expression levels of CpAK1 and CpAK2 in different developmental stages and tissues were detected by reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The role of CpAK1 and CpAK2 in the reproduction and blood feeding behavior was analyzed using RNA interference (RNAi).

Results

Full-length cDNAs of CpAK1 and CpAK2 were isolated from Cx. pipiens pallens. Analysis of the expression pattern revealed that the mRNA level of CpAK1 was significantly higher than CpAK2 in all development stages and tissues examined, and the expressions of both CpAK1 and CpAK2 were upregulated in response to blood feeding. The co-knockdown of CpAK1 and CpAK2 mediated by RNAi led to high mortality (74.3%) of adult female mosquitoes and decreased hatchability (59.9%). Remarkably, the blood feeding rate and the engorgement rate of the female mosquitoes were negatively affected by co-injection of dsRNAs targeting CpAK1 and CpAK2.

Conclusion

CpAK1 and CpAK2 were detected in all developmental stages and tissues, but showed divergence in expression level. RNAi-mediated knockdown of AK genes leads to high mortality and negatively affect blood-feeding behavior of Cx. pipiens pallens, suggesting that AK could be used for the target of RNAi-based mosquito control in the future.
Seroprevalence of brucellosis and molecular characterization of Brucella spp. from slaughtered cattle in Rwanda
Authors: Ntivuguruzwa Jean Bosco , Babaman Kolo Francis , Mwikarago Emil Ivan , van Heerden Henriette
Published: November 2022

Bovine brucellosis is endemic in Rwanda, although, there is a paucity of documented evidence about the disease in slaughtered cattle. A cross-sectional study was conducted in slaughtered cattle (n = 300) to determine the seroprevalence of anti-Brucella antibodies using the Rose Bengal Test (RBT), and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (i-ELISA). Corresponding tissues were cultured onto a modified Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria (CITA) selective medium and analysed for Brucella spp. using the 16S-23S ribosomal interspacer region (ITS), AMOS, and Bruce-ladder PCR assays. The seroprevalence was 20.7% (62/300) with RBT, 2.9% (8/300) with i-ELISA, and 2.9% (8/300) using both tests in series. Brucella-specific 16S-23S ribosomal DNA interspace region (ITS) PCR detected Brucella DNA in 5.6% (17/300; Brucella culture prevalence). AMOS-PCR assay identified mixed B. abortus and B. melitensis (n = 3), B. abortus (n = 3) and B. melitensis (n = 5) while Bruce-ladder PCR also identified B. abortus (n = 5) and B. melitensis (n = 6). The gold standard culture method combined with PCR confirmation identified 5.6% Brucella cultures and this culture prevalence is higher than the more sensitive seroprevalence of 2.9%. This emphasizes the need to validate the serological tests in Rwanda. The mixed infection caused by B. abortus and B. melitensis in slaughtered cattle indicates cross-infection and poses a risk of exposure potential to abattoir workers. It is essential to urgently strengthen a coordinated national bovine brucellosis vaccination and initiate a test-and-slaughter program that is not presently applicable in Rwanda.
Geographical distribution and genetic characterization of pfhrp2 negative Plasmodium falciparum parasites in the Peruvian Amazon
Authors: Bendezu Jorge , Torres Katherine , Villasis Elizabeth , Incardona Sandra , Bell David , Vinetz Joseph , Gamboa Dionicia
Published: November 2022

Malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) have been evaluated in the Peruvian Amazon region and their performance has been variable. This region is known for being the first with documented evidence of wild Plasmodium falciparum parasites lacking pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 genes, leading to false-positive results with HRP2-based RDTs. In our attempt to further characterize the deletion pattern of these genes and their evolutionary relationship, 93 P. falciparum samples, collected in different communities from the Peruvian Amazon region between 2009 and 2010, were analyzed in this study. Genomic DNA was used to amplify 18S rRNA, pfmsp2 and pfglurp to confirm the diagnosis and DNA quality, respectively; pfhrp2, pfhrp3, and their flanking genes were amplified by PCR to assess the pattern of the gene deletions. In addition, microsatellite analysis were performed using seven neutral microsatellites (MS) and five microsatellite loci flanking pfhrp2. The data showed the absence of pfhrp3 gene in 53.76% (50/93) of the samples, reflecting a higher frequency than the proportion of pfhrp2 gene deletions (33.33%; 31/93). Among the flanking genes, the highest frequency of deletion was observed in the PF3D7_0831900 gene (78.49%; 73/93) for pfhrp2. MS marker analysis showed the presence of 8 P. falciparum lineages. The lineage Bv1 was the most prevalent among parasites lacking pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 genes. Additionally, using MS flanking pfhrp2 gene, the haplotypes α and δ were found to be the most abundant in this region. This study confirms the presence in this area of field isolates with deletions in either pfhrp2, pfhrp3, or both genes, along with their respective flanking regions. Our data suggest that some pfhrp2/pfhrp3 deletion haplotypes, in special the lineage Bv1, are widely dispersed within the Peruvian Amazon. The persistence of these haplotypes ensures a proportion of P.falciparum parasites lacking the pfhrp2/pfhrp3 genes in this area, which ultimately leads to false-negative results on PfHRP2-detecting malaria RDTs. However, additional studies are needed to not only confirm this hypothesis but also to further delineate the origin and genetic basis for the pfhrp2- and pfhrp3 gene deletions in wild P. falciparum parasites.
Structural invariants and semantic fingerprints in the “ego network” of words
Authors: Ollivier Kilian , Boldrini Chiara , Passarella Andrea , Conti Marco
Published: November 2022

Well-established cognitive models coming from anthropology have shown that, due to the cognitive constraints that limit our “bandwidth” for social interactions, humans organize their social relations according to a regular structure. In this work, we postulate that similar regularities can be found in other cognitive processes, such as those involving language production. In order to investigate this claim, we analyse a dataset containing tweets of a heterogeneous group of Twitter users (regular users and professional writers). Leveraging a methodology similar to the one used to uncover the well-established social cognitive constraints, we find regularities at both the structural and semantic levels. In the former, we find that a concentric layered structure (which we call ego network of words, in analogy to the ego network of social relationships) very well captures how individuals organise the words they use. The size of the layers in this structure regularly grows (approximately 2-3 times with respect to the previous one) when moving outwards, and the two penultimate external layers consistently account for approximately 60% and 30% of the used words, irrespective of the number of layers of the user. For the semantic analysis, each ring of each ego network is described by a semantic profile, which captures the topics associated with the words in the ring. We find that ring #1 has a special role in the model. It is semantically the most dissimilar and the most diverse among the rings. We also show that the topics that are important in the innermost ring also have the characteristic of being predominant in each of the other rings, as well as in the entire ego network. In this respect, ring #1 can be seen as the semantic fingerprint of the ego network of words.
Estimación de la erosión del suelo mediante el modelo RUSLE. Caso de estudio: cuenca media alta del río Mira en los Andes de Ecuador
Authors: Arias-Muñoz Paul , Saz Miguel A. , Escolano Severino
Published: November 2022

La erosión del suelo es uno de los principales problemas ambientales a nivel global, la cual causa pérdida de la fertilidad del suelo y aumento en la producción de sedimentos. El objetivo del presente estudio es cuantificar y conocer la distribución espacial de la erosión hídrica en las diferentes coberturas de suelo en la cuenca media-alta del río Mira en Ecuador. Para ello se aplicó el modelo RUSLE en entorno SIG. Los resultados determinaron que la erosión varía entre 0 y 812,30 t/ha/año y que la erosión promedio es 32,79 t/ha/año. En el área de estudio únicamente las coberturas bosques y páramo presentaron una erosión media menor al umbral sostenible de erosión con valores inferiores a 10 t/ha/año. Por su parte, las áreas sin vegetación, y cultivos son las coberturas con más propensión tasas de erosión del suelo elevadas. Esto demuestra que la erosión dentro del área de estudio se encuentra entre las más altas del mundo. En consecuencia, se recomiendan alternativas para el manejo de uso de suelo en la cuenca hidrográfica para los tomadores de decisiones.
Application of multivariate discriminant analysis for differentiation between Saudi sheep (Ovis aries) breeds based on physical and histochemical meat characteristics
Authors: Suliman Gamaleldin M. , Al-Atiyat Raed Mahmoud , Abu-Alruz Khaled H. , Mamkagh Amer M. , Al-Zyoud Firas A. , Al-Owaimer Abdullah N. , Alshamiry Faisal A.
Published: November 2022

Background and Aim: The multivariate discriminant (MVD) analysis was a successful statistical tool with a discriminatory capacity for tracing sheep breeds based on meat characteristics. Thus, this study aimed to identify three Saudi sheep breeds based on the physical and histochemical aspects of meat using MVD analysis.

Materials and Methods: Eight male lambs from each breed, Najdi, Neami, and Harri, were selected randomly at 90 days of age and allocated into three groups for breeding in a completely randomized design. The feeding and rearing management were similar for an experimental period of 90 days. The experimental diet consisted of a concentrated mixture with identical amounts of calories and nitrogen. Fifty-one meat characteristics were measured in the preliminary MVD, representing hot and cold carcass weight, meat cuts and quality measures, body component weights, fat deposit weights, and histochemical characteristics.

Results: Out of the total meat characteristics measured, only 19 characteristics had significant discriminant power. The most powerful characteristics were temperature, empty intestinal weight, pH24, external carcass length, heart weight, and L1, based on partial R-square and Wilks' lambda values. The phenotypic associations between the characteristics had strong associations. The obtained principal components efficiently classified the eight individuals of each breed into distinct groups using robust discriminant characteristics.

Conclusion: This method allowed us to determine the breed of sheep carcasses and cuts by considering the physical characteristics of the meat. Therefore, butchers and consumers should use scientific techniques for assigning carcasses and meat to their sheep breed after slaughtering.
Los símbolos ascensionales en el arte infantil
Authors: León-Río Belén
Published: November 2022

Este estudio se propone constituir una relación de los arquetipos ascensionales más representativos en el arte infantil, donde analizaremos los procesos psicológicos que intervienen en la adaptación del niño a su realidad exterior mediante el juego y la imaginación. Igualmente, veremos cómo estas imágenes simbólicas que surgen del inconsciente coinciden con símbolos de las mitologías de los más diversos pueblos. Para llevar a cabo esta investigación se hizo un seguimiento de las expresiones plásticas de un grupo de siete niños mediante el método de la observación. Posteriormente se compilaron y se clasificaron los resultados, delimitando una serie concreta de símbolos entre los que se destacan los ascensionales, que vamos a exponer en este artículo, para mostrar cómo estas imágenes en el arte servirían de puente de unión entre la realidad interior y la exterior.
Validating school-based measures of educational disadvantage in Ireland
Authors: Gilleece Lorraine , McHugh Gráinne
Published: November 2022

Reducing the socio-economic achievement gap is a key goal of education policy internationally. Since 2017, the stated intention in Ireland is to use the Pobal HP Deprivation Index to identify schools serving high proportions of disadvantaged students. In spite of this, little published research has compared the performance of the HP index to richer survey measures from large-scale educational assessments or examined its association with educational achievement at primary or second level. This paper aims to assess the validity and fitness for purpose of the HP index for use in identifying schools serving high concentrations of socio-economically disadvantaged students. Analyses draw on Ireland’s Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2018 dataset matched with administrative data. Findings show a strong correlation between school-average HP and other socio-economic measures examined. However, about one-in-five schools are identified as potential ‘false positives’ or ‘false negatives’ when school-average HP is used for identification purposes. Also, school-average HP explains less variance in reading achievement than other variables considered. Conclusions recognize the benefits of the HP index but emphasize the need for ongoing examination of the most appropriate methods of identification.
Prolonged inhibition of bladder function is evoked by low‐amplitude electrical stimulation of the saphenous nerve in urethane‐anesthetized rats
Authors: Moazzam Zainab , Yoo Paul B.
Published: November 2022

To better understand the effects of saphenous nerve (SN) stimulation on bladder function, we investigated the duration of electrical stimulation as a key variable in eliciting urodynamic changes. SN stimulation is a novel approach to electrically modulating bladder function. In previous animal studies, bladder‐inhibitory responses were evoked by low‐amplitude (25 μA) stimulus pulses applied in short‐duration (10 min) trials and at frequencies between 10 and 20 Hz. Experiments were performed in urethane‐anesthetized rats that were separated into three groups: intravesical saline infusion + SN stimulation (group A), intravesical 0.1% acetic acid infusion + SN stimulation (group B), and intravesical saline infusion + no SN stimulation (group C). Changes in bladder function— basal bladder pressure (P base), contraction amplitude (ΔP), and inter‐contraction interval (T ICI)—were measured in response to stimulation trials applied for different durations (10, 20, and 40 min). Trials were also repeated at frequencies of 10 and 20 Hz. In group A, longer‐duration (40 min) stimulation trials applied at 10 Hz evoked overflow incontinence (OI) episodes that were characterized by significant changes in P base (122.7 ± 9.1%, p = 0.026), ΔP (−60.8 ± 12.8%, p = 0.044), and T ICI (−43.2 ± 13.0%, p = 0.031). Stimulation‐evoked OI was observed in 5 of 8 animals and lasted for 56.5 ± 10.7 min. In contrast, no significant changes in bladder function were observed in either group B or group C. Our findings show that longer‐duration trials consisting of electrical pulses applied at 10 Hz are important stimulation parameters that elicit inhibitory bladder responses in anesthetized rodents.
An investigation of the factors controlling the chemical structures of lignin dehydrogenation polymers
Authors: Tokunaga Yuki , Watanabe Takashi
Published: November 2022

Dehydrogenation polymer (DHP) is widely used as a model polymer of lignin. The chemical structure of DHP is highly affected by the synthesis conditions; however, the factors affecting DHP structure are not comprehensively understood. In this study, guaiacyl DHPs were synthesized to investigate the effects of reaction scale, pH, polymerization-enzyme activity, reaction media containing organic solvent, and differences between Zutropf (ZT) and Zulauf (ZL) modes on DHP properties. The DHPs were structurally characterized by size exclusion chromatography, 1H-13C HSQC NMR, and thioacidolysis with and without Raney nickel desulfuration. In ZT mode, smaller reaction scale significantly increased β-O-4 content, and β-O-4 formation was negatively correlated with the dose of polymerization-enzyme, horseradish peroxidase. Acidic condition (pH 4.0) in succinate buffer also increased the β-O-4 content of the DHP, although the α position of the DHP was acylated by the incorporation of succinic acid. DHPs prepared at pH 9.0 had high β-1 contents and low β-5 contents, while the reaction in 20% 1,4-dioxane markedly increased the molecular weight of the DHP. A systematic approach controlling the molecular structure of DHPs would increase their value as models for native and isolated lignins.
Fusion systems realizing certain Todd modules
Authors: Oliver Bob
Published: November 2022

We study a certain family of simple fusion systems over finite 3-groups, ones that involve Todd modules of the Mathieu groups

2
⁢

M
12

2M_{12}

,

M
11

M_{11}

, and

A
6

=

O
2

⁢

(

M
10

)

A_{6}=O^{2}(M_{10})

over

F
3

\mathbb{F}_{3}

, and show that they are all isomorphic to the 3-fusion systems of almost simple groups.
As one consequence, we give new 3-local characterizations of Conway’s sporadic simple groups.
Production of 68Ge, 68Ga, 67Ga, 65Zn, and 64Cu important radionuclides for medical applications: theoretical model predictions for α-particles with 66Zn at ≈10–40 MeV
Authors: Amanuel Kifle F.
Published: November 2022

Theoretical predictions were made using TALYS-1.95(G) and EMPIRE 3.2 reaction-model codes for 69Ge, 67Ge, and medically used 68Ge, 67Ga, 68Ga, 65Zn, 64Cu radionuclides produced in the interaction of α-projectile with 66Zn-target at 10–40 MeV α-energies. Pearson’s statistical coefficients showed moderate to strong positive correlations between the theoretically predicted and experimentally measured production cross sections for radionuclides with practical medical applications. Furthermore, the present results indicated that a medium-sized cyclotron and a single α + 66Zn system (projectile + target system) might be an option for optimized production of 68Ge, 68Ga, 67Ga, 65Zn, and 64Cu radionuclides.
Magnesium and barium in two substructures: BaTMg2 (T = Pd, Ag, Pt, Au) and the isotypic cadmium compound BaAuCd2 with MgCuAl2 type structure
Authors: Reimann Maximilian Kai , Pöttgen Rainer
Published: November 2022

The intermetallic barium compounds BaTMg2 (T = Pd, Ag, Pt, Au) and BaAuCd2 were synthesized by reactions of the elements in sealed tantalum ampoules in muffle furnaces. The five compounds crystallize with the orthorhombic MgCuAl2 type structure, space group Cmcm, with small differences in chemical bonding between the magnesium and cadmium series. All samples were characterized through their Guinier powder diffraction patterns. The structures of BaPdMg2 (a = 444.57(4), b = 1174.67(10), c = 827.58(7) pm, wR2 = 0.0460, 475 F
2 values, 16 variables), BaAuMg2 (a = 450.27(6), b = 1183.94(16), c = 838.76(11) pm, wR2 = 0.0355, 473 F
2 values, 16 variables) and BaAuCd2 (a = 463.31(5), b = 1112.79(12), c = 826.63(8) pm, wR2 = 0.0453, 469 F
2 values, 16 variables) were refined from single crystal X-ray diffraction data. The large barium atoms push the [TMg2] respectively [AuCd2] substructures apart. This allows fast moisture attack and leads to fast hydrolyzes of the samples when they get in contact with water. The influence of the difference in electronegativity between magnesium and cadmium is reflected for the pair of compounds BaAuMg2 and BaAuCd2. The magnesium compound shows the higher auridic character, while the cadmium compound shows a tendency towards a three-dimensional cadmium substructure.
Hybride Organisationsformen in der Produktion
Authors: Bleckmann Marco , Schumann Dorit , Mütze Alexander , Oubari Assem , Nyhuis Peter
Published: November 2022

Der Zielgrößenkonflikt zwischen Produktivität und der Beherrschbarkeit eines wachsenden Produktspektrums stellt die Montagesysteme zahlreicher industrieller Unternehmen vor große Herausforderungen. Die Fähigkeiten bestehender Organisationsformen reichen nicht mehr aus, um variantenzeitdivergierende Inhalte in einem wirtschaftlichen Zusammenhang abbilden zu können. Im Rahmen des Forschungsprojekts HyFlowJobShop werden alternative hybride Organisationsformen konzipiert und produktionslogistische Simulationen für Fließ-Werkstatt-Kombinationen zu deren Bewertung durchgeführt.
O EXERCÍCIO DA CIDADANIA A PARTIR DA ARTICULAÇÃO POPULAR
Authors: Aguiar Cunha Lara , Figueiredo Sampaio Freitas Clarissa
Published: November 2022

Tendo em vista o padrão de desenvolvimento excludente presente nas cidades brasileiras, o presente artigo investiga as potencialidades existentes nas práticas políticas comunitárias dos moradores do Pici, território reconhecido como ZEIS pelo Plano Diretor Participativo de Fortaleza (2009). Para tanto, a partir do exercício de observação participante realizado em 2021-2022 e da revisão de bibliografias relevantes, dialoga-se com a discussão teórica que relaciona informalidade e planejamento urbano, reconhecendo novas oportunidades de produção do tecido urbano a partir da inclusão da articulação popular no exercício da cidadania. A área de interesse se destaca por apresentar um histórico de mobilização popular e lutas coletivas e por, a partir do século XXI, integrar planos e projetos de regularização fundiária que incentivam a participação e reconhecimento dos direitos cidadãos.
HABITAÇÕES INDÍGENAS EM BIOMAS BRASILEIROS
Authors: Corrêa de Oliveira Maria Alice , Costa Colares Lorena , Salzano Rocha Carolina , Cirigliano Villela Ana Teresa
Published: November 2022

O artigo propõe uma revisão teórica sobre a arquitetura indígena no Brasil. Foram selecionados três biomas e três povos indígenas para a realização do estudo: Mata Atlântica e o povo Mbyá-Guarani, o Cerrado e o povo Kuikuro, Pampa e o povo Kaigang. A intenção de determinar um povo para cada bioma é compreender os diferentes sistemas, bem como a variedade de materiais disponíveis, soluções arquitetônicas, influência dos fatores climáticos e características culturais. o estudo foi desenvolvido no âmbito de uma disciplina dedicada ao estudo da Arquitetura Brasileira, que gradativamente vem incluindo em seus programas a produção dos povos autóctones, frente a matrizes curriculares que, por décadas, foram marcadas pelo eurocentrismo. A metodologia usada para realização desse estudo foi a pesquisa bibliográfica e estudos de casos, a dificuldade imposta pela escassez de materiais reflete a negligência com estes povos.
ENTRE O OÁSIS E O DESERTO
Authors: De Bacco Bilheri Estevan , Freitas de Araújo Kayan , Moreira Brum Cristhian , Dorn de Oliveira Tarcísio
Published: November 2022

A temática saúde pública está no enfoque devido a pandemia do Covid 19, o vírus revelou um problema das cidades, a hostilidade delas para os citadinos. Pois, as cidades modernas se tornaram mares de concreto, neste sentido encontram-se os oásis urbanos para eles se dirigem uma série de identidades que geram encontros conflituosos ou amistosos. Neste sentido, os encontros conflituosos ocorrem os processos de apagamento da identidade real do indivíduo, principalmente quando tratamos das minorias. O artigo tem como objetivo compreender como as relações conflituosas dentro dos oásis urbanos impactam na demonstração da identidade real do indivíduo e na sua relação com o espaço. O método utilizado para o desenvolvimento do trabalho foi o questionário. E os resultados obtidos demonstram que as relações conflituosas e o medo causam o apagamento da identidade real, além de interferir no modo como as pessoas LGBTQIA+ se apropriam dos oásis urbanos.
Cortical Pyramidal and Parvalbumin Cells Exhibit Distinct Spatiotemporal Extracellular Electric Potentials
Authors: Sukman Lior J. , Stark Eran
Published: November 2022

Brain circuits are composed of diverse cell types with distinct morphologies, connections, and distributions of ion channels. Modeling suggests that the spatial distribution of the extracellular voltage during a spike depends on cellular morphology, connectivity, and identity. However, experimental evidence from the intact brain is lacking. Here, we combined high-density recordings from hippocampal region CA1 and neocortex of freely moving mice with optogenetic tagging of parvalbumin-immunoreactive (PV) cells. We used ground truth tagging of the recorded pyramidal cells (PYR) and PV cells to construct binary classification models. Features derived from single-channel waveforms or from spike timing alone allowed near-perfect classification of PYR and PV cells. To determine whether there is unique information in the spatial distribution of the extracellular potentials, we removed all single-channel waveform information from the multichannel waveforms using an event-based delta-transformation. We found that spatiotemporal features derived from the transformed waveforms yield accurate classification. The extracellular analog of the spatial distribution of the initial depolarization phase provided the highest contribution to the spatially based prediction. Compared with PV cell spikes, PYR spikes exhibited higher spatial synchrony at the beginning of the extracellular spike and lower synchrony at the trough. The successful classification of PYR and PV cells based on purely spatial features provides direct experimental evidence that spikes of distinct cell types are associated with distinct spatial distributions of extracellular potentials.
Intracellular Accumulation of α-Synuclein Aggregates Promotes S-Nitrosylation of MAP1A Leading to Decreased NMDAR-Evoked Calcium Influx and Loss of Mature Synaptic Spines
Authors: Hallam Ryan D. , Buchner-Duby Brodie , Stykel Morgan G. , Coackley Carla L. , Ryan Scott D.
Published: November 2022

Cortical synucleinopathies, including dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease dementia, collectively known as Lewy body dementia, are characterized by the aberrant aggregation of misfolded α-synuclein (α-syn) protein into large inclusions in cortical tissue, leading to impairments in proteostasis and synaptic connectivity and eventually resulting in neurodegeneration. Here, we show that male and female rat cortical neurons exposed to exogenous α-syn preformed fibrils accumulate large, detergent-insoluble, PS129-labeled deposits at synaptic terminals. Live-cell imaging of calcium dynamics coupled with assessment of network activity reveals that aberrant intracellular accumulation of α-syn inhibits synaptic response to glutamate through NMDARs, although deficits manifest slowly over a 7 d period. Impairments in NMDAR activity temporally correlated with increased nitric oxide synthesis and S-nitrosylation of the dendritic scaffold protein, microtubule-associated protein 1A. Inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis via the nitric oxide synthase inhibitorl-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester blocked microtubule-associated protein 1A S-nitrosylation and normalized NMDAR-dependent inward calcium transients and overall network activity. Collectively, these data suggest that loss of synaptic function in Lewy body dementia may result from synucleinopathy-evoked nitrosative stress and subsequent NMDAR dysfunction.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis work shows the importance of the redox state of microtubule-associated protein 1A in the maintenance of synaptic function through regulation of NMDAR. We show that α-syn preformed fibrils promote nitric oxide synthesis, which triggers S-nitrosylation of microtubule-associated protein 1A, leading to impairment of NMDAR-dependent glutamate responses. This offers insight into the mechanism of synaptic dysfunction in Lewy body dementia.
The Role of “Resources” in Regime Durability in Laos
Authors: Creak Simon , Barney Keith
Published: November 2022

This article argues the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, or Laos, draws upon three key types of “resources” in consolidating regime durability. Intentionally broad, our conception of resources encompasses not just natural resources managed by the state on behalf of the national community, but also the ideological and institutional resources that underpin the Lao People’s Revolutionary Party (LPRP) program of industrial resourcification and modernization. Our argument focuses on the mutual constitution and coproduction of natural, ideological, and institutional regime resources using a triptychal model to understand their integrative contribution to regime durability in Laos. This approach illuminates an evolving and pragmatic form of “statist market socialism” that contrasts with the common view of Laos as an aspiring if imperfect market-based developing economy. After defining statist market socialism and the regime’s three key resources, the article presents a case study from Laos’ strategic hydropower sector, to demonstrate how the triptych of regime resources combine in practice to support and sustain LPRP rule.