bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermal Coursed Effect of Comprehensive Changes in the Flavor/Taste of Cynanchi wilfordii
Authors: Kim Da‐som , Lee Jookyeong Tracy , Hong Seong Jun , Cho Jin‐Ju , Shin Eui‐Cheol
Published: October 2019

This study aims to investigate alterations in volatile compounds and chemical components that may affect the sensory properties of Cynanchi wilfordii roasted at 120 °C and 180 °C for various durations of time (0 to 4 min). For volatile compound profiles, tridecane, tetradecane, and ethyl hexyl ether were detected as major compounds of the sample without roasting. As the roasting temperature increased, the types of volatile compounds increased, whereas the content decreased with an increase in heterocyclic compound generation. The sample roasted at 120 °C for 1 min showed a notably different profile pattern from the other roasted samples. For the sniffing test performed by trained panelists using gas chromatography olfactometry, naphthalene and nonanal, which induce spicy and raw C. wilfordii, respectively, were perceived most intensely throughout all the samples. In the electronic tongue analysis, the sample roasting at 180 °C showed an increased and decreased pattern in umami taste and saltiness, respectively, with increased roasting time. Electronic tongue analysis results showed that the sample roasted at 180 °C for 4 min would have the best sensory preference. Along with the volatile compound profiles, the sample roasted at 120 °C for 1 min had more sourness than the other samples, and would potentially have distinctive sensory characteristics. This study should provide baseline data on variations in the sensory properties and industrial applications of C. wilfordii upon roasting.

Practical Application

Various applications of food ingredients through changes in sensory characteristics by roasting will provide consumers more options for food selections. Accordingly, this study will be utilized by (1) individuals and food companies who are interested in functional foods, (2) individuals and food industries that seek optimum roasting conditions for proper sensory characteristics of foods, and (3) farmers and crop producers who seek for utilization the applications of Cynanchi wilfordii as a food ingredient.
Dietary total antioxidant capacity and risk of ulcerative colitis: A case‐control study
Authors: Rahmani Jamal , Kord‐Varkaneh Hamed , Ryan Paul M. , Rashvand Samaneh , Clark Cain , Day Andrew S. , Hekmatdoost Azita
Published: October 2019

Objective

Data on the association between the antioxidant capacity of a diet and the risk of ulcerative colitis (UC) are scarce. This study aimed to assess whether a relationship exists between dietary total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and the odds of UC in Iranian adults.

Methods

In this case‐control study, patients with UC and age‐matched healthy controls were recruited from a hospital clinic. All participants completed a validated 168‐item food frequency questionnaire, the results of which were subsequently used to generate dietary TAC. Ferric reducing‐antioxidant power values were used to calculate dietary TAC.

Results

Altogether 62 patients with UC and 124 healthy controls were enrolled. UC patients had a higher calorific intake (P < 0.01), and consumed more monounsaturated fatty acids (P < 0.01), vitamin B9 (P < 0.01) and calcium (P = 0.02) compared with healthy controls, while the control group had a higher vitamin C intake than the participants with UC (P < 0.01). In a fully adjusted model, participants who were in the highest quartile of dietary TAC had a lower risk of UC (odds ratio 0.11, 95% confidence interval 0.01‐0.73).

Conclusions

A higher dietary TAC score was associated with lower odds of UC in this case‐control study. Further elucidation of the role of key dietary elements is now warranted.
Characterization of Rhodopseudomonas palustris population dynamics on tobacco phyllosphere and induction of plant resistance to Tobacco mosaic virus
Authors: Su Pin , Zhang Deyong , Zhang Zhuo , Chen Ang , Hamid Muhammad Rizwan , Li Chenggang , Du Jiao , Cheng Ju'e , Tan Xinqiu , Zhen Limin , Zhai Zhongying , Tang Wen , Chen Jin , Zhou Xuguo , Liu Yong
Published: October 2019

Although many biocontrol bacteria can be used to improve plant tolerance to stresses and to promote plant growth, the hostile environmental conditions on plant phyllosphere and the limited knowledge on bacterial colonization on plant phyllosphere minimized the beneficial effects produced by the biocontrol bacteria. Rhodopseudomonas palustris strain GJ‐22 is known as a phyllosphere biocontrol agent. In this paper, we described detailed processes of strain GJ‐22 colony establishment at various colonization stages. Four different types of bacterial colonies, Type 1, scattered single cells; Type 2, small cell clusters; Type 3, small cell aggregates; and Type 4, large cell aggregates, were observed in the course of bacterial colonization. We categorized bacterial colonization into four phases, which were, Phase I: bacterial colony exists as Type 1 and cell population reduced quickly; Phase II: Type 1 evolved into Type 2 and cell population remained steady; Phase III: Type 3 arose and replaced Type 2, and cell population expanded slowly; and Phase IV: Type 3 matured into Type 4 and cell population increased quickly. We have shown that the preferable location sites of bacterial aggregates on leaf phyllosphere are grooves between plant epidermal cells. Analyses of expressions of plant defence‐related genes showed that, starting from Phase III, bacterial cells in the Type 3 and Type 4 colonies produced unidentified signals to induce host defence against Tobacco mosaic virus infection. In addition, we determined the crucial role of aggregates formation of GJ‐22 cell on plant phyllosphere in terms of bacterial cell stress tolerance and ISR (induced systemic resistance) priming. To our knowledge, this is the first report focused on the colonization process of a phyllosphere biocontrol agent and gave a clear description on the morphological shift of bacterial colony on phyllosphere.
Adrenal collision tumour comprised of adrenocortical carcinoma and myelolipoma in a patient with congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Authors: Pakalniskis Marius G , Ishigami Kousei , Pakalniskis Brittany L , Fujita Nobuhiro
Published: October 2019

Adrenal myelolipoma is a benign tumour characterized by the presence of macroscopic fat. Further workup is not necessary if a diagnosis of adrenal myelolipoma is obtained via imaging. We report the first case of adrenal collision tumour comprised of adrenocortical carcinoma and myelolipoma in a patient with bilateral myelolipomas and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Computed tomography showed a large right adrenal mass consisting of two different components: soft tissue with peripheral heterogeneous enhancement and macroscopic fat. Imaging findings reflected features of both adrenocortical carcinoma and myelolipoma. Although this entity is rare, collision tumour containing an adrenocortical carcinoma component should be suspected if portions of an adrenal mass partially consist of peripheral heterogeneous enhancement.
Invasiveness and surgical timing evaluation by clinical features of ground‐glass opacity nodules in lung cancers
Authors: Chen Pai‐Hsi , Chang Kuo‐Ming , Tseng Wei‐Chi , Chen Chien‐Hung , Chao Jui‐I
Published: October 2019

Background

The early stages of lung cancer with ground‐glass opacity (GGO) pattern are detectable. However, it remains a challenge for physicians how best to treat GGO nodules as invasive tumors are occasionally found, even in pure GGO nodules. This study identified the invasiveness by the clinical features of the GGO nodules.

Methods

A retrospective review of patients with resected GGO nodules from August 2015 to February 2019 was performed. A total of 92 patients were enrolled and gender, age, tumor location, operation times, tumor size, histopathologic and radiological findings were analyzed.

Results

In this study, the sequential of GGO nodules invasiveness was significantly related to the tumor size and solid component. After regrouping the population into preinvasive and invasive groups, the invasiveness was significantly related to tumor size, solid component, tumor volume and maximal computed tomography (CT) value.

Conclusions

The invasiveness is difficult to evaluate according to the CT features only when the GGO nodules are less than 2 cm and consolidation/tumor ratio (C/T ratio) are less than 0.25. Tumor size and solid component are significant factors for predicting invasiveness. Part‐solid GGO nodules with a diameter greater than 1 cm require surgical consideration due to their high risk of invasiveness.
GOTIT: A laboratory application software for optimizing multi‐criteria species‐based research
Authors: Malard Florian , Grison Philippe , Duchemin Louis , Konecny‐Dupré Lara , Lefébure Tristan , Saclier Nathanaëlle , Eme David , Martin Chloé , Callou Cécile , Douady Christophe J.
Published: October 2019

Storing, managing and sharing the ever‐increasing amount of species occurrence data and biological vouchers is a cornerstone of biodiversity science. The convergence of morphology‐ and DNA‐based methods for species delimitation has accentuated the need for optimizing laboratory workflow by generating new analytical processes, diversifying taxonomic reference systems and identification protocols and multiplying vouchers. Yet, laboratory information management systems dedicated to multi‐criteria species‐based research are rare or they have not been made openly available to biodiversity professionals.

We developed GOTIT (Gene Occurrence and Taxa in Integrative Taxonomy), a database structure and web application for optimizing productivity at various steps of a laboratory's workflow including research project design, sampling gap analysis, sampling planning, species identification, DNA sequencing, information sharing and contributing data to global biodiversity facilities. GOTIT manages the different steps of a species‐occurrence data production process from sampling to sequencing, the storage of specimen lots, slides and DNA extracts and their assignment to morphology‐based and DNA‐based species hypotheses. The application also accommodates species occurrence data and DNA sequence metadata from external sources and the bibliographic referencing of information.

GOTIT is designed to optimize research activities on the diversity and evolution of species which have a strong geographic component, such as biogeography and phylogeography. A key feature of GOTIT is the ability to assign multiple species hypotheses based on morphology and molecular delimitation methods to the same set of specimens. This integrative taxonomic approach allows to explore how different aspects of speciation, such as morphological distinguishability and genetic isolation, vary in strength relative to each other across taxa and geographic regions. Another key feature is traceability which promotes repeatability and minimizes duplicate work among multiple users. Any species data refer to a set of localities, sampling methods, biological vouchers, analytical protocols and delimitation methods that can be traced.

The application is free and open‐source with extensive documentation and demo version. Developers can reuse the source code or develop new add‐ons to fulfill a laboratory's specific requirements although the application can be used as such to manage species occurrence data for a wide range of taxa.
Differential selection pressure exerted by root rot disease on the microbial communities in the rhizosphere of avocado (Persea americana Mill.)
Authors: Shu Bo , Liu Liqin , Wei Yongzan , Zhang Dejian , Shi Shengyou
Published: October 2019

Despite the high economic impact of root rot disease, knowledge regarding the rhizosphere microflora of avocado trees affected by root rot is limited. Metagenomics was applied to identify the difference in the rhizosphere microflora of avocado trees with and without visible symptoms of root rot. Approximately, 446,970 common gene catalogues differed between them, confirming that root rot affected the bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere. The proportion of bacterial genera, namely, Labilithrix, Sorangium, Sandaracinus and Pedosphaera showed a decrease while Phenylobacterium, Rhizomicrobium, Candidatus Solibacter and Silvibacterium genera were increased by root rot. The proportion of fungal genera, namely, Pseudogymnoascus, Moelleriella, Mortierella, Lepidopterella, Babjeviella, Lachancea, Macrophomina, Pneumocystis, Sugiyamaella and Cyphellophora showed an increase while Cryptococcus, Verticillium, Bipolaris, Pyrenochaeta, Rhizophagus, Cenococcum and Neonectria genera were inhibited by root rot. Moreover, the proportion of the top 10 bacteria in the rhizosphere of symptomatic trees was significantly higher, and that of the top 10 fungi was significantly lower, compared to the asymptomatic trees. Principal component analysis based on abundance analysis and function prediction showed that in symptomatic trees, the bacterial community was more concentrated, while the fungal community was more dispersed. The differences in the responses of bacterial and fungal genera suggested that the pathogenic fungi exert varying selection pressure on the microflora. Moreover, root rot affected the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids in bacteria, and the global and overview maps, carbon metabolism and processing of genetic and environmental information in fungi, which might result in differential selection pressure.
Factors influencing reversion from virus infection in sweetpotato
Authors: Ssamula Alexander , Okiror Anthony , Avrahami‐Moyal Liat , Tam Yehudit , Gaba Victor , Gibson Richard W. , Gal‐On Amit , Mukasa Settumba B. , Wasswa Peter
Published: October 2019

Viruses limit sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) production worldwide. Many sweetpotato landraces in East Africa are, however, largely virus‐free. Moreover, some plants infected by the prevalent Sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV) may be able to revert to virus‐free status. In this study, we analysed reversion from SPFMV, Sweet potato virus C, Sweet potato mild mottle virus, Sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus (SPCSV) and Sweet potato leaf curl Uganda virus using the indicator plant I. setosa and PCR/reverse‐transcriptase PCR. We also investigated environmental factors (temperature and soil nutrients) that may influence reversion from virus infection. We tested reversion in the East African cultivars New Kawogo, NASPOT 1 and NASPOT 11, and the United States cultivars Resisto and Beauregard. Reverted plants were asymptomatic and virus was undetectable in assayed parts of the plant. After graft inoculation, only the East African cultivars mostly reverted at a high rate and from most viruses though cultivar Beauregard fully reverted following sap inoculation with Sweet potato virus C. None of the tested cultivars fully reverted from single or double infections involving SPCSV, and reversion was only observed in co‐infections involving potyviruses. Root sprouts derived from SPFMV‐reverted plants were also virus free. Reversion generally increased with increasing temperature and by improved soil nutrition. Overall, these results indicate variation in reversion by cultivar and that the natural ability of sweetpotato plants to revert from viruses is malleable, which has implications for both breeding and virus control.
Resistance of Postnatal Hippocampal Neurogenesis to Alcohol Toxicity in a Third Trimester‐Equivalent Mouse Model of Gestational Alcohol Exposure
Authors: Gustus Kymberly , Lozano Evelyn , Newville Jessie , Li Lu , Valenzuela Carlos Fernando , Cunningham Lee Anna
Published: October 2019

Background

The adult hippocampal dentate is comprised of both developmentally generated dentate granule cells (dDGCs) and adult‐generated dentate granule cells (aDGCs), which play distinct roles in hippocampal information processing and network function. EtOH exposure throughout gestation in mouse impairs the neurogenic response to enriched environment (EE) in adulthood, although the basal rate of adult neurogenesis under standard housing (SH) is unaffected. Here, we tested whether the production and/or survival of either dDGCs or aDGCs are selectively impaired following exposure of mice to EtOH vapors during early postnatal development (human third trimester‐equivalent), and whether this exposure paradigm leads to impairment of EE‐mediated dentate neurogenesis in adulthood.

Methods

All experiments were performed using NestinCreERT2:tdTomato bitransgenic mice, which harbor a tamoxifen‐inducible tdTomato (tdTom) reporter for indelible labeling of newborn hippocampal DGCs. We exposed all mice to EtOH vapor or room air (Control) for 4 h/d from postnatal day (PND) 3 through PND 15. This paradigm resulted in a mean daily postexposure blood EtOH concentration of ~160 mg/dl. One cohort of neonatal mice received a single injection of tamoxifen at PND 2 and was sacrificed at either PND 16 or PND 50 to assess the impact of EtOH exposure on the production and long‐term survival of dDGCs born during the early postnatal period. A second cohort of mice received daily injections of tamoxifen at PND 35 to 39 to label aDGCs and was exposed to SH or EE for 6 weeks prior to sacrifice.

Results

Early postnatal EtOH exposure had no statistically significant effect on the production or survival of tdTom+ dDGCs, as assessed at PND 16 or PND 50. Early postnatal EtOH exposure also had no effect on the number of tdTom+ aDGCs under SH conditions. Furthermore, early postnatal EtOH exposure had no significant impact on the adult neurogenic response to EE.

Conclusions

Both early postnatal dentate neurogenesis and adult dentate neurogenesis, as well as the adult neurogenic response to EE, are surprisingly resistant to early postnatal EtOH vapor exposure in mice.
Alterations to DNA structure as a cause of expression modifications of selected genes of known intrauterine‐growth‐restriction‐association shared by chosen species — a review
Authors: Rutkowska Karolina , Lukaszewicz Marek
Published: October 2019

The review aimed at searching for DNA structure markers of epigenetic modifications leading to intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) in three livestock species, mouse and human. IUGR affects mammals by harming their wellbeing and the profitability of breeding enterprises. Of the livestock species, we chose cow, pig and sheep owing to there being many reports on the epigenetics of IUGR. IUGR investigations in human and mouse are particularly numerous, as we are interested in our own wellbeing and the mouse is a model species. We decided to focus on five genes (Igf2r, Igf2, H19, Peg3 and Mest) of known IUGR association, reported in all of those species. Despite the abundance of papers on IUGR, naturally occurring mutations responsible for epigenetic modifications have been described only in human and cow. The effect of induced DNA structural modifications upon epigenetics has been described in mouse and pig. One paper regarding mouse was chosen from among those describing DNA modifications performed to obtain parthenogenetic progeny. Papers regarding pig parthenogenetic progeny described the epigenetics of genes involved in foetal development, with no interference with the genome structure. No reports on DNA modifications altering IUGR epigenetics in sheep were found. Only environmental effects were studied and we could not conclude from the experiment designs whether the gene setup could affect the expression of involved genes, as different populations were not included or not specified within particular experiments. Apparently, DNA markers of IUGR epigenetics exist. It has been reported that the small number of them, occurring naturally, may result from neglecting existing evidence of such selection or health status forecasting markers.
Identification of two TYRP1 loss‐of‐function alleles in Valais Red sheep
Authors: Paris J. M. , Letko A. , Häfliger I. M. , Ammann P. , Flury C. , Drögemüller C.
Published: October 2019

The Valais Red sheep breed is a local breed of the Swiss canton Valais. Although the breed is characterised by its brown colour, black animals occasionally occur and the objective of this study was to identify the causative genetic variants responsible for the obvious difference. A GWAS using high‐density SNP data to compare 51 brown and 38 black sheep showed a strong signal on chromosome 2 at the TYRP1 locus. Haplotype analyses revealed three different brown‐associated alleles. The WGS of three sheep revealed four protein‐changing variants within the TYRP1 gene. Three of these variants were associated with the recessively inherited brown coat colour. This includes the known missense variant TYRP1:c.869G>T designated as bSoay and two novel loss‐of‐function variants. We propose to designate the frame‐shift variant TYRP1:c.86_87delGA as bVS1 and the nonsense variant TYRP1:c.1066C>T as bVS2. Interestingly, the bVS1 allele occurs only in local breeds of Switzerland whereas the bVS2 allele seems to be more widespread across Europe.
Highlights and recent developments in airway diseases in EAACI journals (2018)
Authors: Bousquet Jean , Akdis Cezmi A. , Grattan Clive , Eigenmann Philippe A. , Hoffmann‐Sommergruber Karin , Agache Ioana , Jutel Marek
Published: October 2019

The European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) supports three journals: Allergy, Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, and Clinical and Translational Allergy. EAACI's major goals include supporting the promotion of health, in which the prevention of allergy and asthma plays a critical role, and disseminating the knowledge of allergic disease to all stakeholders. In 2018, the remarkable progress in the identification of basic mechanisms of allergic and respiratory diseases as well as the translation of these findings into clinical practice were observed. Last year's highlights include publication of EAACI guidelines for allergen immunotherapy, many EAACI Position Papers covering important aspects for the specialty, better understanding of molecular and cellular mechanisms, identification of biomarkers for disease prediction and progress monitoring, novel prevention and intervention studies, elucidation of mechanisms of multimorbidities, introduction of new drugs to the clinics, recently completed phase three clinical studies, and publication of a large number of allergen immunotherapy studies and meta‐analyses.
Appendicectomy mortality: an Australian national audit
Authors: Young Edward , Stewart Sasha , McCulloch Glenn A. J. , Maddern Guy J.
Published: October 2019

Background

Appendicectomy is a safe surgical procedure with minimal risks. Low mortality rates (0.04–0.24%) have been reported from a number of countries. Appendicectomy mortality rates have not been reported in Australia in recent years. The aim of the study was to conduct an appendicectomy mortality audit, to identify clinical management issues and to calculate the mortality rate of appendicectomy in Australia.

Methods

This study analysed data from a peer review of appendicectomy deaths in Australian hospitals of all states and territories, from 2006 to 2017. Additional procedural data were obtained from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare for the calculation of mortality rates.

Results

The final analysis included 82 patients of whom 62 were elderly (age >65 years) with 47 males and 35 females. Two or more comorbidities were present in 68 patients. Open operation was performed in 62 patients, with complicated appendicitis found in 50 cases. The majority of management issues were non‐surgical. Of the 16 surgical management issues identified, 11 issues occurred post‐operatively in the elderly, which were potentially preventable. The overall mortality was 0.02% with 0.01% in the young (age <65 years) and 0.20% in the elderly.

Conclusion

Australia's appendicectomy mortality rate was very low and comparable to international figures. Surgical management of appendicectomy was satisfactory in general. However, post‐operative care in the elderly was found to be poor at times, with room for improvement. Further research is needed whether improvements in post‐operative care could alter the clinical course to death in the elderly.
New method in treatment of post‐operative air leakage with fresh frozen plasma
Authors: Stamenovic Davor , Messerschmidt Antje , Steger Volker , Schneider Thomas
Published: October 2019

Background

No consensus regarding the best post‐operative treatment option for air leak has been established. In this study, we evaluate the use of intra‐pleural fresh frozen plasma (FFP) as a promising treatment method.

Methods

Treatment for a sustained air leak (3 days) was warranted in approximately 12% of the lung surgeries at our institution. Fifty‐two patients were treated with FFP by application of 250 mL daily. The patients were divided into two cohorts: cohort 1 consisted of 35 patients undergoing anatomical lung resections and cohort 2 consisted of 17 patients after miscellaneous types of lung surgery. Successfulness of the procedure as well as the potential influential factors was evaluated statistically and validated by a bootstrapping. Area under receiver operating characteristic curve was used to establish a cut‐off value of the predictor.

Results

In the first cohort, air leakage was successfully treated in 28 (80%), while in seven (20%) it was still present after third treatment with FFP. The success rate in cohort 2 was 76.5%. The only covariate which appeared to remain significant in both cohorts was flow as displayed on the digital suction device prior to application of FFP. Flow ≤375 mL/min was indicative of successful aerostasis.

Conclusion

Intra‐pleural instillation of FFP seems to be a feasible method for the treatment of post‐operative air leakage. Although the optimum strategy regarding its application as well as its limitations is yet to be established, an absence of complications or undesirable events makes this (off label) method a safe and promising alternative to existing options.
Analysis of Cleveland Clinic continuous‐flow total artificial heart performance using the Virtual Mock Loop: Comparison with an in vivo study
Authors: Miyamoto Takuma , Horvath David J. , Horvath Dennis W. , Kuban Barry D. , Fukamachi Kiyotaka , Karimov Jamshid H.
Published: October 2019

The Virtual Mock Loop (VML) is a mathematical model designed to simulate mechanism of the human cardiovascular system interacting with mechanical circulatory support devices. Here, we aimed to mimic the hemodynamic performance of Cleveland Clinic’s self‐regulating continuous‐flow total artificial heart (CFTAH) via VML and evaluate the accuracy of the VML compared with an in vivo acute animal study. The VML reproduced 124 hemodynamic conditions from three acute in vivo experiments in calves. Systemic/pulmonary vascular resistances, pump rotational speed, pulsatility, and pulse rate were set for the VML from in vivo data. We compared outputs (pump flow, left and right pump pressure rises, and atrial pressure difference) between the two systems. The pump performance curves all fell in the designed range. There was a strong correlation between the VML and the in vivo study in the left pump flow (r2 = 0.84) and pressure rise (r2 = 0.80), and a moderate correlation in right pressure rise (r2 = 0.52) and atrial pressure difference (r2 = 0.59). Although there is room for improvement in simulating right‐sided pump performance of self‐regulating CFTAH, the VML acceptably simulated the hemodynamics observed in an in vivo study. These results indicate that pump flow and pressure rise can be estimated from vascular resistances and pump settings.
The Effects of Goal Framing on Energy Drink Consumption: The Moderating Role of Temporal Framing
Authors: Kim Jarim
Published: October 2019

Background

With the rapid expansion of the energy drink market, concerns associated with its adverse effects have been raised. This research examines how goal framing moderated by temporal framing affects attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control related to energy drink consumption.

Methods

A 2 (goal framing: gain vs. loss) × 2 (temporal framing: present‐oriented vs. future‐oriented) randomised experiment was employed. The sample consisted of 195 college students who consume energy drinks.

Results

Results showed that a future‐oriented message was more effective than a present‐oriented one when used in gain framing in increasing perceived behavioral control, as predicted. A future‐oriented message was also more effective in increasing perceived negative subjective norms, but only when used in loss framing; this was the opposite of the predicted result.

Conclusions

The findings extend previous research on goal framing by (1) identifying an important moderator—temporal framing—in processing health promotion messages about energy drink consumption and (2) examining such moderated effects on different psychological factors. The findings of this study are expected to inform the development of more effective message strategies in health domains.
Entrepreneurial Risk Taking Is Related to Mental Imagery: A Fresh Look at the Old Issue of Entrepreneurship and Risk
Authors: Zaleskiewicz Tomasz , Bernady Adriana , Traczyk Jakub
Published: October 2019

This paper contributes to the debate concerning determinants of willingness to take entrepreneurial risks and proposes a new approach to this issue. Our theoretical model predicts that entrepreneurs differ from non‐entrepreneurs in their willingness to accept business risks because the former produce more vivid and more positive mental images of the consequences of risk taking than the latter. We investigated the psychological processes behind willingness to take business and non‐business risks in groups of entrepreneurs and non‐entrepreneurs. First, we measured basic risk attitudes. Next, participants were presented with risky scenarios and asked to: (1) produce mental images; (2) evaluate their positivity and vividness; and (3) assess fearfulness evoked by the scenarios as well as risk level and willingness to take risk. Entrepreneurs did not differ from non‐entrepreneurs in either their basic risk attitudes or willingness to take non‐business risks. However, entrepreneurs declared a greater readiness to take business risks and produced more positive and vivid mental images of business risks. We found that an indirect effect of vividness of mental imagery on declared business risk taking only occurred for entrepreneurs. On a theoretical level, our results show that mental imagery might determine entrepreneurs’ willingness to take business risk.
Janus in the viscous field: A reflexive account on researching homelessness through institutionalised spaces of care
Authors: Bourlessas Panos
Published: October 2019

Given the scarcity of methodological reflections by geographers studying homelessness, and drawing from ethnographic research in Athens, this paper provides an empirical reflexive account of the complexities of practising homelessness research through “spaces of care.” Emphasising the institutional nature of these spaces, it highlights the role of institutions, such as NGOs and public authorities, in shaping certain local contexts for geographic research. Precisely, the circulation of specific homeless‐related discourses throughout spaces of care shapes the “viscous field” of institutions, wherein research moves become difficult and subject positionings are set a priori. Therein, the two‐faced figure of Janus becomes the metaphor for the geographer in the viscous field, who embodies simultaneously two faces‐roles: of researcher and volunteer. Afterwards, a focus on bodies highlights the emotional and performative aspects of the encounters with research participants. Eventually, four‐plus‐one ethical pro‐positions for practising geographic research on homelessness are given in place of conclusions. Overall, the paper is an empirical contribution to institutional geographies, their methodologies, and the difficulties, complexities, and negotiations for researchers‐volunteers. The “trouble of institutions” may also be a methodological trouble for geography practitioners in research sites such as spaces of care, where researchers‐volunteers, participants, and institutions become entangled with one another.
Modelling riparian forest distribution and composition to entire river networks
Authors: Pérez‐Silos Ignacio , Álvarez‐Martínez José Manuel , Barquín José
Published: October 2019

Aim:Developing a methodology to map the distribution of riparian forests to entire river networks and determining the main environmental factors controlling their spatial patterns.

Location:Cantabrian region, northern Spain.

Methods:We mapped the riparian forests at a physiognomic and phytosociological level by delimiting riparian zones and generating vegetation distribution models based on remote sensing data (Landsat 8 OLI and LiDAR PNOA). We built virtual watersheds to define a spatial framework where the catchment environmental information can be specified for each river reach, in combination with the vegetation map. In order to determine the drivers that play a significant role in the observed spatial patterns in riparian forests, based on our data sets we modelled interactions between environmental information and riparian vegetation by using the Random Forest algorithm.

Results:The modelling results obtained reliably reproduced the variation of riparian forest structure and composition across Cantabrian watersheds. The produced maps were highly accurate, with a more than 70% overall accuracy for forest occurrence. A clear differentiation between Eurosiberian (habitats 91E0 and 9160) and Mediterranean (92E0) riparian forests was shown on both sides of the mountain range. Topography and land use were the main drivers defining the distribution of riparian forest as a physiognomic unit. In turn, altitude, climate and percentage of pasture were the most relevant factors determining their composition (phytosociological approach).

Conclusions:Our study confirms that anthropic control ultimately defines the distribution of vegetation in the riparian area at a regional to local scale. Human disturbances constrain the extension of forest patches across their potential distribution defined by topoclimatic boundaries, which establish a clear limit between Mediterranean and Eurosiberian biogeographical regions.
Operationalizing vulnerability for social–ecological integration in conservation and natural resource management
Authors: Thiault Lauric , Gelcich Stefan , Marshall Nadine , Marshall Paul , Chlous Frédérique , Claudet Joachim
Published: October 2019

Sustaining human well‐being is intimately linked to maintaining productive and healthy ecosystems. Avoiding trade‐offs and fostering co‐benefits is however challenging. Here, we present an operational approach that integrates biodiversity conservation, human development, and natural resource management by (1) examining resource and resource user interactions through the lens of social–ecological vulnerability (i.e., encompassing exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity); (2) identifying “ecocentric” and “sociocentric” interventions that directly address the ecological or social sources of vulnerability; (3) prioritizing those expected to yield co‐benefits and minimize trade‐offs; and (4) selecting interventions that are best suited to the broader local context. Application of this approach to a coral reef fishery in French Polynesia recommended a portfolio of development‐, livelihood‐, and ecosystem‐based interventions, thus suggesting a shift from the current resource‐focused approach toward a more social–ecological perspective. Our vulnerability‐based approach provides practitioners with a valuable tool for broadening their set of management options, leading to escape from panacea traps.
Secreted frizzled‐related protein 2 promotes the osteo/odontogenic differentiation and paracrine potentials of stem cells from apical papilla under inflammation and hypoxia conditions
Authors: Yang Haoqing , Li Guoqing , Han Nannan , Zhang Xiuli , Cao Yangyang , Cao Yu , Fan Zhipeng
Published: October 2019

Objectives

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)‐based dental tissue regeneration is a potential treatment method in future, while inflammation and hypoxia niche will affect MSC‐mediated tissue regeneration. In this research, we intended to investigate the influence and mechanism of secreted frizzled‐related protein 2(SFRP2) on MSC function under inflammation and hypoxia conditions.

Material and methods

Stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs) were used in this study. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, Alizarin Red S staining, scratch‐simulated wound migration and transwell chemotaxis assay were used to evaluate the functions of SFRP2. The Western blot, real‐time RT‐PCR and ChIP assays were used to evaluate the mechanism of SFRP2.

Results

Under inflammation and hypoxia conditions, the over‐expression of SFRP2 could enhance the osteo/odontogenic differentiation ability. Mechanismly, SFRP2 inhibited canonical Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway and then inhibited the target genes of nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB) signalling pathway. Inflammation or hypoxia conditions could promote the expression of lysine demethylase 2A (KDM2A) and repress SFRP2 transcription through decreasing histone methylation in the SFRP2 promoter. Besides, proteomic analysis showed that SFRP2 promoted SCAPs to secret more functional cytokines, which improve the migration, chemotaxis and osteo/odontogenic ability of MSCs.

Conclusions

Our discoveries revealed that SFRP2 enhanced the osteo/odontogenic differentiation and paracrine potentials of SCAPs under hypoxia and inflammation conditions and provided a potential cytokine for promoting tissue regeneration in hypoxia and inflammatory niche.
Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society guidelines for colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection/endoscopic mucosal resection
Authors: Tanaka Shinji , Kashida Hiroshi , Saito Yutaka , Yahagi Naohisa , Yamano Hiroo , Saito Shoichi , Hisabe Takashi , Yao Takashi , Watanabe Masahiko , Yoshida Masahiro , Saitoh Yusuke , Tsuruta Osamu , Sugihara Ken‐ichi , Igarashi Masahiro , Toyonaga Takashi , Ajioka Yoichi , Kusunoki Masato , Koike Kazuhiko , Fujimoto Kazuma , Tajiri Hisao
Published: October 2019

Suitable lesions for endoscopic treatment include not only early colorectal carcinomas but also several types of precarcinomatous adenomas. It is important to establish practical guidelines wherein preoperative diagnosis of colorectal neoplasia and selection of endoscopic treatment procedures are appropriately outlined and to ensure that actual endoscopic treatment is useful and safe in general hospitals when carried out in accordance with guidelines. In cooperation with the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum, the Japanese Society of Coloproctology, and the Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society compiled colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection/endoscopic mucosal resection guidelines by using evidence‐based methods in 2014. The first edition of these guidelines was published 5 years ago. Accordingly, we have published the second edition of these guidelines based on recent new knowledge and evidence.
Tissue Doppler‐derived atrial dyssynchrony predicts new‐onset atrial fibrillation during hospitalization for ST‐elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Mohamed Ibrahim Ismail , Taha Hassanin Mesbah , El Zaki Manar Moustafa
Published: October 2019

Background

Atrial dyssynchrony, but not atrial enlargement/dysfunction, reflects acute atrial histopathological changes. It has been shown to be associated with new‐onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF) in various clinical conditions but was not studied in the acute phase of ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) which is the aim of the current study.

Methods

A total of 440 STEMI patients underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and were monitored for NOAF during hospitalization. Immediately after primary PCI, P‐wave dispersion was calculated and conventional/tissue Doppler echocardiography was done.

Results

During a median hospitalization period of 3 days, 80 (18.2%) patients developed NOAF. The group with NOAF showed significantly higher prevalence of hypertension (P = .049), higher P‐wave dispersion (P = .018), higher post–PCI‐corrected TIMI frame count (P < .001), and lower incidence of post‐PCI myocardial blush grade 2–3 (P = .031). Indexed left atrial maximum volume (LAVImax), left atrial dyssynchrony, and inter‐atrial dyssynchrony were significantly higher in NOAF group (P < .001, each). Using ROC curve analysis, inter‐atrial dyssynchrony showed the highest diagnostic performance (AUC 85%, 95% CI: 0.77–0.94, P < .001). A cutoff value at 23.8 ms showed a good validity for predicting NOAF with a sensitivity of 93.8% and a specificity of 68.1%. Using binary logistic regression analysis, history of hypertension (OR = 10.72, P = .03), LAVImax (OR = 7.47, P = .04), and inter‐atrial dyssynchrony (OR = 45.58, P = .001) were independent determinants of NOAF.

Conclusions

In the acute phase after STEMI, history of hypertension, LAVImax, and inter‐atrial dyssynchrony were independent determinants of inhospital NOAF, with the latter being the strongest.
The case of the missing pulmonary vein: A focused update on anomalous pulmonary venous connection in congenital cardiovascular disease
Authors: Han Frank , Kiparizoska Sara , Campbell William , Richards Camille , Kogon Brian , Holloway Marlene , Watson Connie , Kerut Edmund K. , McMullan Michael
Published: October 2019

Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection is defined by one or more of the pulmonary veins draining to the heart into a location other than the left atrium. Depending on the location of the anomalous venous connection, they can be categorized as supracardiac, infracardiac, cardiac, and mixed types. In some cases, there is no hemodynamic consequence; in others, it can result in tricuspid regurgitation, right heart dilation, and pulmonary hypertension. Frequently, the reason for referral can be asymptomatic right heart dilation of unknown significance. Diagnosis is often difficult by transthoracic echocardiogram unless there is a high index of suspicion, and the appropriate views are obtained. Cardiac CT (computed tomography) or cardiac MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) can provide more precise anatomic detail as needed. The current article reviews the etiology and pathophysiology of partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection, and also reviews the current knowledge on their treatment.
Rapid improvement in right ventricular free wall longitudinal strain measures after successful percutaneous mitral commissurotomy
Authors: Shojaeifard Maryam , Samiei Niloufar , Firouzi Ata , Sanati Hamid Reza , Mohebbi Bahram , Ghadrdoost Behshid , Erami Sajad , Farrashi Melody
Published: October 2019

Background

Percutaneous mitral commissurotomy (PMC) is currently the treatment of choice for patients with symptomatic mitral stenosis (MS) that have favorable valvular characteristics. We aimed to evaluate the effect of PMC on the longitudinal strain of the right ventricular (RV) free wall in patients with severe MS.

Methods

This prospective study recruited patients who underwent PMC. Transesophageal and transthoracic echocardiographic examinations were performed. The mitral valve area (MVA) was measured by three‐dimensional evaluation. The RV longitudinal strain was measured via the speckle‐tracking method.

Results

A total of 42 patients with a maximum MVA of 1.5 cm2 underwent PMC in our study. The MVA increased significantly after the procedure (pre‐PMC MVA = 0.94 ± 0.20 cm2 vs post‐PMC MVA = 1.45 ± 0.18 cm2; P < .01). Systolic pulmonary artery pressure decreased from 46.05 ± 14.08 mm Hg preprocedurally to 35.86 ± 7.53 mm Hg postprocedurally (P < .01). The mean RV free wall longitudinal strain was −19.00 ± 5.14%, which rose significantly after PMC to −20.97 ± 3.81 (P < .05). There were postprocedural increases, albeit nonsignificant, in the tricuspid annular peak systolic excursion, the peak systolic Doppler velocity of the RV free wall, and fractional area change. The improvement in the RV longitudinal strain was more prominent in the patients with an MVA of less than 1.0 cm2.

Conclusions

There was a significant post‐PMC rise in the RV free wall longitudinal strain measures in our study population, demonstrating an immediate improvement in the RV systolic function of the patients.
An atypical case of Stanford type‐A chronic aortic dissection managed conservatively
Authors: Maffè Stefano , Nicali Roberta , Dellavesa Pierfranco , Paffoni Paola , Bergamasco Luca , Parravicini Umberto
Published: October 2019

Stanford type‐A aortic dissection is a clinical emergency; mortality is high, and surgery is urgently required in most cases. Chronic forms of type‐A dissection are rare and have a poor prognosis if not treated surgically. We present an unusual case of chronic type‐A aortic dissection, with silent onset, in an oncologic patient without risk factors, which was managed conservatively and remained substantially stable during follow‐up.
Left ventricular systolic dysfunction potentially contributes to the symptoms in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Guan Zhengyu , Liu Shuang , Wang Yonghuai , Meng Pingping , Zheng Xianfeng , Jia Dalin , Yang Jun , Ma Chunyan
Published: October 2019

Aims

Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) is considered a key factor associated with heart failure (HF) symptoms in patients with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). However, LV systolic performance, including LV systolic function and synchrony, has not been well characterized in these patients. The aims of this study were to assess to investigate the underlying relationship and differences between subclinical LVDD and HFpEF.

Methods

Eighty‐six patients with LVDD were recruited (58 with HFpEF and 28 with subclinical LVDD). Systolic left ventricular (LV) longitudinal strain (LS), systolic longitudinal strain rate (LSrS), early diastolic longitudinal strain rate (LSrE), and late diastolic longitudinal strain rate (LSrA) were measured using speckle tracking echocardiography. LV diastolic and systolic dyssynchrony (Te‐SD and Ts‐SD) were calculated. Forty age‐ and sex‐matched healthy individuals were enrolled as a control group.

Results

LV global LS and LSrS were decreased in patients with HFpEF than in normal controls and subclinical LVDD patients (P < .05). Te‐SD and Ts‐SD were significantly more prolonged in subclinical LVDD and HFpEF patients than in the control group (P < .05). Reduced LS was associated with HF symptoms in LVDD patients, and a cutoff value of −18% for LS could differentiate HFpEF from subclinical LVDD with 73% sensitivity and 69% specificity.

Conclusion

LV systolic function and mechanical dyssynchrony were impaired in HFpEF patients. Deteriorated LV longitudinal systolic function was likely correlated with the symptoms of HFpEF.