bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Laboratory Investigation of Organic-Scale Prevention in a Russian Oil Field
Authors: Struchkov I. A. , Rogachev M. K. , Kalinin E. S. , Pavlov P. V. , Roschin P. V.
Published: May 2017

The objective of this research is a definition of wax-precipitation conditions in waxy oil (a kind of oil that intends to produce high-molecular-weight paraffins during production) at various thermobaric conditions taking place in oil wells, and also proposing a method for the determination of the potential wax-formation depth in a well. In most cases in Russia, many reservoirs are producing oil with high asphaltenes, resins, and wax content that causes the formation of organic deposits in downhole equipment. It reduces the workover period of wells and decreases their productivity. The oil-production system represents the sensitive hydrodynamic system, so any changes in well operational parameters, thermobaric conditions, and oil composition lead to wax and asphaltenes precipitation in oil. Natural surfactants (asphaltenes) stabilize water-in-oil emulsions and change rheological properties of the borehole flow. It demands additional energy consumption for raising reservoir fluid to the surface and for transporting it to gathering and oil-treatment systems.

All laboratory experiments are conducted by use of conventional (standard) techniques. The grain-size-analysis microscopy was performed under high-pressure conditions. Also, a light-scattering method and viscometric analysis were performed, and functional wax-appearance temperature (WAT) vs. the pressure of live and degassed oil are carried out during experimental studies.

The results of our experiments showed that, when the pressure drops below the bubblepoint pressure and the gas starts coming out from the oil, the WAT increases. A significant increase in the viscosity of a live-oil sample with a decrease in temperature and pressure in the range of downhole conditions that can become the reason of decline in the performance of an electrical submersible pump (ESP) is noted. The most technological methods directed on drop in the presented risks—among which are offered (1) the change of well-operation conditions allowing the regulation of the waxing of tubings and (2) the application of inhibitors that demonstrated high efficiency during the laboratory investigations—are mentioned. Mathematical analysis showed that the increase in well flow rate promotes a considerable decrease in potential wax-formation depth in an oil well. The proposed assessment technique of wax-precipitation depth that has been performed in this work can be useful for selecting the well-operation system. Among the studied inhibitors, the experiments showed that Inhibitor A has the highest efficiency in the slowing of the wax-formation process in the borehole conditions.
Can We Grow Organic or Conventional Vegetables Sustainably Without Cover Crops?
Authors: Brennan Eric B.
Published: May 2017

Vegetable and fruit consumption patterns in the United States indicate that most people need to eat far more fruits and vegetables to meet the current nutritional guidelines for a healthy diet. Following these guidelines would require more than doubling the harvested acreage for fruits and vegetables and could have serious environmental implications if unsustainable production practices were used. This situation will likely intensify with population growth and climate change. To answer the title question (can we grow organic or conventional vegetables sustainably without cover crops?), this paper focuses on the high-input, tillage-intensive vegetable production practices in the Salinas Valley of California, a region often called “the Salad Bowl of America.” This region has a serious problem of nitrate contamination of the groundwater that occurred as the agricultural systems here shifted from agronomic to high-value horticultural crops [primarily vegetables and strawberries (Fragaria ×ananassa)] over the past several decades. This raises questions about the sustainability of past and current vegetable production practices and indicates the need for a radical paradigm shift in nutrient management. Cover cropping is well recognized as a “best management practice” in vegetable production systems, but is still relatively uncommon in many of the most important vegetable production regions in the United States, including the Salinas Valley. It is argued that cover crops are an essential part of sustainable vegetable production because they provide a complex suite of unique ecosystem services during fallow periods that complement best management practices during cash crop periods. The reasons that cover crops are uncommon here are discussed and three alternative cover cropping strategies are described to potentially increase adoption of cover cropping in vegetable rotations. These strategies are focused on reducing residue management challenges and include a novel strategy to extract the juice from nitrogen-rich, immature cover crops for use as a liquid organic fertilizer in subsequent cash crops.
Incorporating Structure and Stochasticity in Muscadine Grape Enterprise Budget and Investment Analysis
Authors: Awondo Sebastain N. , Fonsah Esendugue Greg , Gray Dennis J.
Published: May 2017

We developed and investigated a stochastic farm enterprise budget framework that properly accounts for uncertainty in estimates used for investment decisions and structural dependency between yields and prices, which is generally absent in traditional (nonstochastic) budgets. In the first stage, we developed a traditional enterprise budget based on theoretical and accounting methods recommended by the American Agricultural Economics Association (AAEA) Task Force on Commodity Costs and Returns. In the second stage, we developed a probabilistic framework based on estimates derived from the traditional approach, and extended the approach to a stochastic framework through Monte Carlo simulations under specific price elasticity of demand. We applied the framework to estimate the costs, revenues, and conducted investment analysis of producing muscadine grapes (Vitis rotundifolia) in Georgia using a single-trellis system. Finally, we compared results derived from both approaches and revealed muscadine grape production and marketing to be an economically sound investment under multiple scenarios. Overall, the confidence placed on traditional budget estimates and investment outcomes was found to be overestimated at least 3-fold. This suggests that the true uncertainty in the returns and profitability of the business is grossly underestimated, erroneously painting a more promising outlook of investing in muscadine grape production.
Assessing a School Gardening Program as an Integrated Component of a Pilot Farm-to-school Initiative Based in South Carolina
Authors: Taylor Carl , Symon Elizabeth B. , Dabbs Amy , Way Alexander , Thompson Olivia M.
Published: May 2017

South Carolina public schools consistently rank low in academic performance. In addition, 39% of elementary, 40% of middle, and 30% of high school students within the state are classified as overweight or obese. School garden-based learning (GBL) is a low-cost and high-impact initiative that addresses both poor academic performance and childhood obesity. This study examined how school-based gardens, as part of a pilot farm-to-school (FtS) initiative, are administered and used within academic and cafeteria meal programs. An online survey was developed and sent to 102 educators who previously completed an online training course entitled School Gardening for South Carolina Educators during the 2012–15 academic school years. Data were collected from 37 educators (36% response rate). Survey results indicate that the majority of these educators, although they completed the training course, were unaware that their garden was a component of an FtS program. Moreover, gardens were not integrated with school-wide programs, especially in the cafeteria: most gardens did not contribute food to the cafeteria and meals offered most often did not align with plants learned about in the gardens. Successes of the pilot program were that the majority of educators started and maintained their garden for over 1 year and they were able to use their gardens during the day for academic instruction in multiple disciplines, including math, science, and nutrition.
HortIM™: An Online Peer Review System for Horticultural Teaching and Extension Instructional Materials
Authors: Arnold Michael A. , Meyer Mary H. , Rhodus Tim , Barton Susan S.
Published: May 2017

Based on a survey of the American Society for Horticultural Science (ASHS), membership need was identified for an online peer review system to validate innovation and recognize excellence in science-based teaching and extension scholarship for promotion and tenure purposes. This system would also provide a clearinghouse for instructional materials of merit for use in classrooms, laboratories, and outreach education, which fall outside the parameters of the three academic journals of ASHS. It was determined HortTechnology already provided a valued outlet for peer review of manuscript style teaching and extension scholarship; however, a need was identified for a mechanism to provide peer review of instructional materials which did not conform to a traditional manuscript format. Herein we describe the process that led to the development and launch of HortIM™, a new peer review system for teaching and extension instructional materials. An online peer review process for juried assessment of instructional materials such as articles, bulletins, case studies, fact sheets, instructional videos, teaching modules, and laboratory exercises was developed. A beta test of initial solicited materials in each category was piloted resulting in an initial database of these scholarly materials. This activity culminated in an initial opening of the system for submissions in Fall 2016. This article documents the development of HortIM™, including the submission and review process.
Treatment of Symptomatic Vitreomacular Adhesion with Expansile Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6) Gas
Authors: Buzzacco Dominic M , Patel Sugat S
Published: May 2017

Background:

To evaluate intravitreal injection of expansile sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) as a low cost and effective treatment for symptomatic vitreomacular adhesion (sVMA).

Methods:

Retrospective analysis of all patients with sVMA treated with pneumatic vitreolysis using SF6 gas presenting to a clinical practice from January 2005 and June 2013.

Results:

Six cases were included in the study. Five patients (83%) experienced complete resolution of the vitreomacular adhesion. One patient had a partial release of the vitreomacular adhesion. Four patients (67%) had a one line improvement in best corrected visual acuity.

Conclusion:

Due to its low cost, wide availability, and apparent efficacy, intravitreal injection of expansile SF6 should be investigated further as a possible treatment modality for sVMA.
Estruturas artísticas nos diálogos literários de Ramon Llull
Authors: Friedlein Roger
Published: May 2017

In Ramon Llull’s work there are some 26 literary dialogue in Latin and Catalan, which follow authors like Boethius, Augustine of Hippo and St. Gregory; many of them are interreligious dialogues. Along with the romance and lyrical, they shaped the literary expression of their author. Although those dialogues are not totally isolated from this genre tradition, they have their own characteristics, which derive from the Lullian Art system, for instance Llibre del gentil, Liber Tartari, Consolatio Venetorum or the dialogic poem Lo desconhort. These texts gather existing traditions such as the consolatory dialogue or the versified intention, but Llull modifies them with combinatorial elements and triple structures that come from his Ars magna. Of particular interest is the aesthetic that would be called essentialist and the introduction of the character Ramon or Raimundus between the interlocutors.
El Arte luliano y la división aristotélica de las ciencias
Authors: Higuera Rubio Jose
Published: May 2017

Aristotle’s demarcation of intellectuals habits, science and art, opposes the demonstrative knowledge based on necessary principles and the artistic production. Despite this opposition, Ramon Llull proposes the «Demonstrative Art». That Art comes from the medieval flexibility of the Aristotelian demarcation in which scientia-ars are related to varied disciplines: demonstrative, productive, or practical. This concept comes about through the circulation in the Introductions to Philosophy of the idea that the term scientia can be attributed to any discipline. Three different aspects justify that fact: the Isidorian definition of philosophy as «art of arts» (ars artium); the Boethian interpretation of the term scientia in speculative, productive or active senses; and the Farabian indication of the first philosophy as the discipline that contains the substantialia et accidentalia principles. The flexibility of the medieval scientia-ars relations is an important factor in understanding the Lullian project that goes beyond the alleged divergence between scientific demonstration -introduced in the Analytica posteriora- and the argumentative invention in the Topica.
Clinical evaluation of Nirgundi Taila and Dashmoola Ghrita in the management of Sandhigata Vata (Osteoarthritis)
Authors: Dholakiya Dhaval M. , Kaur Mandeep , Chandola Hari Mohan
Published: May 2017

Though Sandhigata Vata is described under the broad heading of Vatavyadhi in most of the Samhita and Sangraha Granthas, it is not included under 80 types of “Nanatmaja Vatavyadhi”, Charaka was first, who described separately Sandhigata Vata as - “Sandhigata Anila” in Vatavyadhi chapter. The clinical presentation of Sandhigata Vata resembles to Osteoarthritis, which is the most common form of arthritis. It begins asymptomatically in middle age with progressive symptoms in advancing age. It increases in prevalence with age especially in weight bearing joints. Female are prone with 25% prevalence were 16% in male. In present study 21 patients fulfilling diagnostic criteria of Sandhigata Vata were selected. Patients were treated with Nirgundi Taila locally 8ml on affected joints, with Dashmoola Ghrita 12g. with meal internally twice a day with luke warm water. After a course of therapy of 2 month symptomatic improvement was observed at various levels with better results in the patients treated with Nirgundi Taila and Dashmoola Ghrita.
An assessment on the relation between Prakruti and Amavata disease
Authors: K.A. Sri Nagesh , Joshi Abhijit H.
Published: May 2017

Prakruti is said to be the basic component of a human being. It has been explained in classics that Prakruti provides susceptibility for certain diseases based on Dosha. It is the time of the hour to explore and prove the concept clinically. A total of 362 diagnosed cases of Amavata were taken for the study and were assessed for the Prakruti dominant among them. Sampling was cross sectional simple random method. The observation made during were recorded and analyzed. It was also observed about predominant Rasas consumed as well as the dominant Guna they consumed. Analyzing Rasa and Guna added more value to the study. The observations were applied with descriptive as well as inferential statistics. Dominance of Vata-Pitta Prakruti was found with 42% of cases and Pitta Prakruti alone stood last with only 5% cases developing Amavata.
Comparative analytical study of Ashuddha Karaveera and Shuddha Karaveera
Authors: Patil Apeksha  D. , Patil Dhiraj B.
Published: May 2017

Karaveera (Cerebra thevetia Linn.) is reported under Upavisha Dravya in classical ayurvedic pharmacopeias. It is observed that Shodhana (purification procedures) of the mool should be carried out before its internal administration. There are different Shodhana methods mentioned in Ayurveda. In this study Godugdha was used as media. The impact of Shodhana was evaluated by physico analytical study. It clearly proves physico analytical changes during Shodhana. Ashuddha Karaveera was taken on white clean cloth and they dumped in Pottali with Godugdha. Pottali was tied to middle of wooden rod dipped in Godugdha in stainless steel vessel and mild heat given to pottali in Dolayantra. Shuddha Karaveera was obtained and then washed with leuk warm water and dried. Ashuddha Karaveera contains toxin in it which was removed after Shodhana process. So that foreign matter, loss on drying was less in Shuddha Karaveera and due to Shodhan process with Godugdha total ash, acid insoluble ash was more than that of Ashuddha Karaveera.
Effect of Anti-Oxidant in co-relation with Rasayana therapy of Ayurveda on Ageing
Authors: Sasmal Gitanjali , Sipra Sasmal
Published: May 2017

Ageing is a process of unfavorable progressive changes associated with decline in vigour and ending in death. Ageing is the part of life which is unavoidable but the untimely aging can be stopped. The process of ageing involves the coexistence of two opposing factor namely evolution (growth) and involution (atrophy). These processes continue to operate throughout the life but their importance varies in different age groups. As the age advanced, human beings gradually lose some of their attributes, because of functional and structural alteration in almost all organ systems. Ageing in individuals is affected to a greater extent by genetic factors, diet, social conditions and the occurrence of age related disorders. Anti oxidants can speed up the cell division and cell replacement process, which can help to slow the overall effects of ageing and prevent specific age related diseases. It also deactivates the free radicals and prevents their formation and also stimulates the immune system to increase our protection against all diseases. Like anti-oxidant in Ayurveda the Rasayana therapy not only helped attain longer, healthier life but also help cure some of the dreadful diseases. Rasayana aid in increasing natural immunity, enhancing general wellbeing, improving the functioning of all fundamental organs of the body and keep the signs of early ageing. The main purpose of Rasayana therapy is to impede the ageing process and to delay the degenerative process in the body.
A view on Practical Utility of Paradi Gunas
Authors: Bagali Sachin , Baragi Umapati , Sajjanshetti M. R.
Published: May 2017

In the present day scenario prime need of Ayurveda is practical applicability of Ayurvedic fundamental principles and research should be more focused on all aspects where scientific inputs should confirm Ayurveda’s principles and philosophy. In Ayurveda, Gunas are described as the way of presentation of action without which no Karma (action) can be possible. Ayurveda has provided significance to every Guna so that they become useful in clinical practice. Clinical practice or research is a continuous process including a series of events which need to be performed in a sequential manner. Though there are many factors on which accomplishment of treatment depends, among these Charaka has given prime importance to Paradi Gunas. In clinical practice, Guna which are to be with Bhishak are mainly the Paradi Gunas which can also be called as miscellaneous Gunas. As rightly quoted by Acarya Charaka, for getting success in the treatment Paradi Gunas are the best. The Sutra quotes "Sidhyupaya Chikitsayam" which means that Chikitsa i.e. Dhatusamya will be done mainly with the help of Paradi Gunas. Knowledge of Paradi Gunas are required to be present in pharmacists, physicians and Researchers. Acharya Charaka says that Chikitsa Siddhi i.e. successful management of disease is not possible without the knowledge of Paradi Gunas. Paradi Gunas play an important role in selection, adaption and manifestation of drug as per condition of the disease and the patient in particular Desha and Kala. The ultimate goal of any clinical activity is to contribute in the knowledge domain and to improve professional practice. Thus this literary review of Paradi Gunas serves to explore the subject of the clinical practice.
Standardization and evaluation of Ayurvedic Medicines – Needs
Authors: Shukla Anil Kumar , R. Dhanya
Published: May 2017

Rasa Shastra or preferably called as the ancient Indian Alchemy, deals with the preparation of medicines that has helped mankind since thousands of years. Rasa which means Mercury has been the chief area of interest for the Ancient Alchemists of Rasa Shastra. Along with safe use of Mercurial preparations as medicines since many years, Rasa Shastra also deals with preparation of other herbo-mineral compounds using varied drugs of plant as well as animal origin. One of the drug, that has been used widely in Rasa Shastra is Mukta or Pearl. There are several categories or groups of drugs (Varga) used in Rasa Shastra viz. Maharasas, Uparasas etc. whereas Mukta is classified under Ratna (precious gems) Varga. Mukta is a shining off white coloured hard spherical object found in sea shells. Due to its lucrative appearance it is widely used in jewelry, cosmetics, as well as in clothing. It is formed by deposition of several concentric layers of calcium carbonate and conchiolin around central nucleus. According to Rasa Shastra classics, Mukta has Madhura, Sheeta and Laghu properties. And so is widely used as a potent Pitta Shamaka. Its purification and Pishti processes are also mentioned in Rasa Shastra classics which makes pearl more potent to cure diseases. Mukta is also widely used in conditions like Amlapitta, Jwara, Daha etc.
Understanding of Calveria Marmas w.s.r. Sirogata Marmas - An Modern Prospective
Authors: Anup Bhosgikar , Debasis Kundu , Ashwinikumar Waghmare , Mulimani N. G.
Published: May 2017

The word Marma (Vital Area) was first time described in the Hindu scripture Atharvana Veda. During the Vedic period, the knowledge of the human body was important part of military science. The knowledge was applied in war, medicine and surgery. The science of Marma was developed by physicians and surgeons of Vedic period to prevent death and treat the people suffering from trauma and also to attach on enemy in war. However, there are some narration in Ayurvedic texts which indicates the therapeutic fact of marma such as, The effect of massage and medicines applied to foot sole are carried by special Siras to nourished the eyes, therefore one willing to get good eyesight and health should protect the sole. Urdhavajatrugata part is a very important part of the body and Shiro (head) is most important part as told by Acharya Charka and referred as Uttamanga because it contains all the five intellectual senses and seat of Prana (vital energy). Sirogata Marmas are either Vaikalyakara (causes deformity) or Sadhyapranahara (lead sudden death), so it is important to know the constituents and position of Marma to protect from injury with the help of modern anatomy expertise. In this article it has been tried to explore structure forming the vital point for better understanding about marma pathology and treatment in present scinerio.
Vrana Shopha - An Ayurvedic Perspective
Authors: S Santhosh Kumar , M. Channabasavanna B. , . Mallikarjun
Published: May 2017

Father of Surgery, Acharya Sushruta had complete knowledge of Vrana (wound) and their management along with its untimely and untreated complication. The Vrana Shopha is described as earlier phase of Vrana. Sushruta has mentioned in detail about Vrana Shopha. Vrana Shopha has 3 progressive stages. These are Amawastha (just early stage of inflammatory process), Pachyamanawastha (true inflammatory stage) and Pakwawastha (suppurative stage) respectively. Based on the vitiation of Dosha, Sushruta has described Vrana Shopha into 6 types: Vatika, Paittika, Kaphaja, Shonita, Sannipattaja and Agantuja. Acharya has differentiated them based on their Laxanas, such as colour, pain etc. Shatkriyakala was explained for the first time in this context by Sushruta. Sixty procedures for management of Vrana Shopha and Vrana was told by Sushruta. Out of these Apatarpana to Virechana were mentioned for Vrana Shopha and rest for Vrana. Knowledge about Vrana Shopha can prevent from further damage to the body .
Ayurvedic management of Cerebellar Ataxia in Children - A Case Report
Authors: Patel Rutu  V.
Published: May 2017

Cerebellar ataxia is described as difficulty in maintaining balance and coordinated movements. Cerebellar atrophy is degenerative changes of cerebellum represents as ataxia. Ataxia talangiectasia is associated condition of cerebellar ataxia. In Ayurveda, if the movement of any part of body disturbs it comes under Vatavyadhi. Vatavyadhi is broad terminology; Indriyagata Vata is described when Indriya loses its function. In ataxia, function of Hasta, Pada, Vani are affected. Mridu Shodhana is performed before giving the Samanya Vatavyadhi Chikitsa. In Indriyagata Vata, Nasya, Shirobasti along with Samanya Vatavyadhi Chikitsa gives satisfactory result in patient.
Transmisión de leprosis de los cítricos por ácaros Brevipalpus yothersi a través de hospederos no cítricos
Authors: León M. Guillermo
Published: May 2017

El virus de la leprosis de los cítricos (CiLV) se detectó
en los Llanos Orientales en 2004. Es una amenaza
para la citricultura colombiana si logra extenderse
hacia otras regiones del país. El principal vector es
el ácaro Brevipalpus yothersi Baker (antes, Brevipalpus
phoenicis). En esta investigación se determinó que
B. yothersi puede transmitir CiLV a plantas cítricas
luego de hospedarse en plantas no cítricas. Inicialmente
se permitió la adquisición del virus por parte
de los ácaros durante tres días sobre hojas sintomáticas
de naranjos (Citrus x sinensis) positivos a CiLV-C2.
Luego, los ácaros se ubicaron sobre seis plantas no
cítricas (Dieffenbachia sp., Hibiscus rosa-sinensis,
Codiaeum variegatum, Swinglea glutinosa, Sida
acuta y Stachytarpheta cayennensis), de acuerdo con
un diseño experimental completamente al azar con
seis tratamientos y cuatro repeticiones. Cumplido el
tiempo programado, los ácaros se reubicaron por tres
días sobre plantas sanas de C. x sinensis. Las hojas de
las plantas receptoras se evaluaron según la presencia
de síntomas y se colectaron para pruebas RT-PCR.
Los resultados muestran que B. yothersi transmite el
CiLV con más de un 85 % de efectividad hacia plantas
de C. x sinensis, luego de haber permanecido en
cualquiera de los hospederos alternos. Esta investigación
sirve de apoyo al desarrollo de medidas
cuarentenarias de diagnóstico para evitar la dispersión
del virus.
Reforma del sector petrolero y disputa por la renta en Brasil
Authors: Sauer Ildo , Seger Sonia , Puerto Rico Julieta
Published: May 2017

El artículo analiza el proceso de reforma liberal del sector petrolero brasileño y la disputa por la renta generada. Ese mismo proceso de reestructuración de la producción y uso de mecanismos del mercado petrolero facilitó la apropiación de la renta de este sector a través de la ruptura del monopolio de la empresa estatal, aplicándose el modelo de concesiones, situación que ha incidido en el intento de reformar la legislación del sector petrolero a partir de proyectos de Ley enviados al Congreso de Brasil, en los que se pretende la creación de una nueva empresa, la Petrosal, de un Fondo Social y la aplicación de un régimen de producción compartida que permita la participación de las empresas extranjeras y de empresas privadas “nacionales”.
La mentalidad conservadora y la Iglesia católica: críticas y defensa a través de la prensa satírica y tradicional santiaguina (1883-1886)
Authors: Romero Pérez Elena
Published: May 2017

Si bien los problemas entre la Iglesia y el Estado se produjeron en una menor escala en Chile que en otros países como México, resulta un caso emblemático el de las consecuencias de la sucesión arzobispal (1878-1886), durante la cual se mostró a través de la prensa capitalina la mentalidad conservadora que defendía prerrogativas de la Iglesia sobre el Estado, así como su influencia sobre la sociedad; versus las críticas que esta posición suscitaba particularmente en la prensa satírica. Se observan así dos posiciones contrapuestas que usaron diversas estrategias para difundir y consolidar sus ideales en la sociedad santiaguina y chilena.
La Revolución argentina y los inicios de la radicalización: juventud universitaria y catolicismo posconciliar en Mendoza (1966-1973)
Authors: Álvarez Yamile
Published: May 2017

Este trabajo tiene como finalidad reconstruir el origen y desarrollo del proceso de radicalización política e ideológica en Mendoza durante la autodenominada Revolución argentina, especialmente en los ámbitos universitario y religioso. Para ello se procedió al análisis de la información aportada por los periódicos locales de la época, Los Andes y Mendoza, y al testimonio oral de algunos de los protagonistas de estos acontecimientos, a fin de ampliar y confrontar los datos que nos brinda el documento escrito.
Abordaje metodológico de prensa escrita: el semanario Cuba libre
Authors: Gallegos Claudio
Published: May 2017

El presente análisis pretende dar a conocer una modalidad de abordaje metodológico sobre prensa escrita de finales del siglo XIX. Para ello tomamos como caso testigo los sucesos desatados en Cuba hacia 1898, fecha clave no sólo para la historia cubana sino también para el resto de nuestra américa. A su vez, el semanario seleccionado para el estudio se denomina Cuba Libre, editado en la ciudad de Buenos Aires.Así, nos ocuparemos de realizar una crítica externa y de dar a conocer las lógicas de análisis, junto con el conjunto de prácticas concretas vinculadas a la construcción de conocimiento sistemático/metódico. Para ello intentaremos proponer una alternativa a la hora de construir o reconstruir terminologías claras y opuestas a las expresadas a lo largo del tiempo por la historiografía liberal y hegemónica. Desde aquí nos paramos para repensar la historia desde categorías contrahegemónicas que le den un nuevo rumbo a nuestro análisis.
Barroco y cultura afrocubana: Lezama y un saber de convivencia
Authors: Ugalde Quintana Sergio
Published: May 2017

En este artículo se analizan distintos momentos de la relación de José Lezama Lima con la cultura afrocubana. De la visión crítica de la poesía negrista en los años treinta, el poeta pasó, hacia finales de su vida, a una integración simbólica de algunos elementos de la cultura negra e insular. En ese tránsito desempeña un papel importante su relación amistosa con la escritora y antropóloga cubana Lydia Cabrera. Sin embargo, el término que da sentido a este proceso de incorporación cultural es el de barroco.
Las luchas de la Independencia en la novelística romántica argentina
Authors: Molina Hebe Beatriz
Published: May 2017

Entre 1840 y 1880 sólo siete novelas organizan la trama ficcional en torno de algún episodio de la gesta independentista. Pretendemos demostrar, desde la perspectiva de una poética histórica, que ha habido una condición intrínseca en el concepto de novela vigente en Argentina a mediados del siglo XIX que ha limitado el interés de los novelistas por ese periodo. En los textos novelescos se dramatiza principalmente la opción “Patria o amada”; pero por el rasgo distintivo del género novela –idealización de sucesos cotidianos para fortalecer y promover las buenas acciones- se concentra la fuerza diegética en los asuntos del presente y se descuidan los del pasado
La libertad de pensamiento y expresión vista desde la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos
Authors: Orduña Trujillo Eva Leticia
Published: May 2017

En el texto se estudia el derecho a la libertad de pensamiento y de expresión según la Convención Americana de Derechos Humanos, así como la manera en la que ha sido interpretado y aplicado este derecho en la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos. Se acude a sentencias, a votos razonados y a opiniones consultivas de este tribunal. Se discute además sobre derechos que han representado tensiones (como el derecho a la honra y a la dignidad) y la manera en la que la Corte se ha pronunciado en relación con estas tensiones.Posteriormente se analiza el primer asunto que la Corte conoció sobre este derecho: “La última tentación de Cristo” (Olmedas Bustos y otros) vs Chile. Esto sirve para conocer la manera concreta de actuación de la Corte y del Estado chileno.
América Latina: ¿zona mixta o continente perdido en las últimas cuatro décadas?
Authors: Guajardo Soto Guillermo
Published: May 2017

En el presente ensayo se analizan los grados de maniobra que en las últimas cuatro décadas han tenido los países latinoamericanos para aplicar reformas de mercado, lograr una nueva inserción internacional, definir el papel del Estado y conformar nuevos actores sociales. Se hace énfasis en las contradicciones del modelo proteccionista vigente hasta la década de 1980 y en las reformas hacia el mercado que no han logrado desplazar completamente al Estado.
La relación comercial Comunidad Andina-Unión Europea y la postura de Ecuador
Authors: Brown del Rivero Alfonso , Torres Castillo Pamela
Published: May 2017

La complejidad del proceso de integración de la Comunidad Andina (CAN) con la Unión Europea (UE) es el principal tema que se analiza en este artículo, particularmente desde la postura de Ecuador. La integración andina ha enfrentado diversas dificultades a lo largo de su historia, debido a divergencias de carácter político entre sus miembros. Esto ha hecho que sus objetivos se hayan cumplido parcialmente y que en varios temas cruciales no exista una postura común. Colombia y Perú han negociado de manera independiente con terceras partes, particularmente con la UE. Bolivia y Ecuador han manifestado su desacuerdo ante sus socios andinos y ante la UE sobre las negociaciones de libre comercio.
CONOCIMIENTO y CIENCIA
Authors: Lozano A.
Published: May 2017

La persona por naturaleza es curiosa, este es un concepto Aristotélico donde se intenta señalar que “Todos los hombres tienden por naturaleza a saber”. La curiosidad es, probablemente la motivación esencial para originar el conocimiento a través del desarrollo de la capacidad de investigar
Mecanismos de la conexión nariz-pulmón
Authors: Saranz RJ , Lozano A , Lozano NA , Sosa Aguirre AG , Alegre G
Published: May 2017

La vía respiratoria, de la nariz al pulmón, actúa como un sincicio anátomo -funcional con su
correlato fisiopatológico. Desde tiempos remotos los autores estudiaron los mecanismos de
conexión entre la vía respiratoria superior e inferior que pudiera explicar la elevada
coincidencia en la prevalencia de sus respectivas patologías.
Algunos de esos mecanismos no se han podido demostrar fehacientemente y las
investigaciones muestran resultados contradictorios. Otros responden a determinados
fenotipos como el de la relación entre rinitis y asma alérgicas, el modelo más estudiado, en el que un fenómeno inflamatorio mediado a través del torrente circulatorio es el más aceptado. No obstante los fenotipos de enfermedad respiratoria no alérgica y el de la patología mediada por IgE local en nariz y bronquios, no tienen una conexión absolutamente resuelta por las investigaciones.
En esta revisión discutiremos los distintos mecanismos de interacción nariz pulmón que por sus características anatómicas, fisiológicas y fisiopatológicas avalan la hipótesis de “una vía aérea única, una única enfermedad” aceptada en la actualidad por la mayoría de los autores
Astrometric and photometric study of the open cluster NGC 2323
Authors: Amin M.Y. , Elsanhoury W.H.
Published: May 2017

We present a study of the open cluster NGC 2323 using astrometric and
photometric data. In our study we used two methods that are able to separate
open cluster?s stars from those that belong to the stellar background. Our
results of calculations by these two methods indicate that: 1) according to
the membership probability, NGC 2323 should contain 497 stars, 2) the
cluster center should be at 07h 02m 48.s02 and -08? 20' 17''74,3)
the limiting radius of NGC 2323 is 2.31 ? 0.04 pc, the surface number
density at this radius is 98.16 stars pc ?2, 4) the magnitude function has a
maximum at about mv = 14 mag, 5) the total mass of NGC 2323 is estimated
dynamically by using astrometric data to be 890 M_, and statistically by
using photometric data to be 900 M_, and 6) the distance and age of the
cluster are found to be equal to 900 ? 100 pc, and 140 ? 20 Myr,
respectively. Finally the dynamical evolution parameter ? of the cluster is
about 436.2.
Confocal microscope analysis of depth of etch between self-limiting and traditional etchant systems
Authors: Wilson Sara M. , Lien Wen , Lee David P. , Dunn William J.
Published: May 2017

Objective:

To see whether there is an advantage to using a self-limiting phosphoric acid etchant versus a traditional 34% phosphoric acid etchant for bonding by measuring the depth of etch at multiple time intervals.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 25 bovine teeth were mounted and etched on the facial surface with two different etchants: standard 34% phosphoric acid and a self-limiting 35% phosphoric acid etchant at varied time intervals of 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 seconds. Teeth were scanned using a three-dimensional laser confocal scanning microscope prior to etching and scanned again after etching to determine the depth of enamel etched compared to the baseline enamel surface prior to etching.

Results:

The 34% phosphoric acid etchant etched significantly deeper than the self-limiting etch. Etch times exceeding 30 seconds also etched significantly deeper for both types of etchant.

Conclusion:

The etch depth of the self-limiting etchant was consistently less than the standard etchant. Both types of etchant etched deeper after 30 seconds, but the depth of etch at 120 seconds was not different than at 60 seconds, indicating that both etchants are somewhat self-limiting in depth. Therefore, there is no advantage to using the self-limiting etchant.
Low-cost Online System for Detecting Unburned Fuel in a Large Industrial Biomass-fired Boiler
Authors: M. Liukkonen  , J. Huhtinen  , E. Hälikkä  , T. Hiltunen  , Y. Hiltunen
Published: May 2017

Combustion of biomass is challenging due to the heterogeneous character of the fuel, which makes monitoring of the process important. Unburned carbon residue is one of the indicators of the inefficiency of the process, since it shows that the combustion has been incomplete. Nonetheless, there is a lack of measurements which could be used for monitoring the amount of unburned carbon in the bottom ash of energy boilers. In this paper we present a simple, low-cost online system for detecting unburned fuel, which has been tested on the bottom ash conveyor of a large-scale biomass-fired boiler. The system, which can be used for capturing online images from the process, includes an ordinary systems camera and a control computer placed in a protective case. The images are then analyzed and an index which indicates the amount of unburned carbon in the bottom ash is calculated. The results show that the system yields useful online information on the process, and a trend line can be used for monitoring the long-term changes. The system can be programmed to alarm when there is a growing trend in the carbon index, for example, and it has several potential applications in the future.
Advanced tools for electricity consumption monitoring
Authors: M. Domínguez  , J.J. Fuertes  , S. Alonso  , M.A. Prada  , A. Morán  , P. Barrientos
Published: May 2017

In this work, the power monitoring system developed at the University of León is presented. This system includes both traditional and advance monitoring tools based on statistical and data mining techniques. These techniques exploit data in order to search electrical patterns, detect anomalies, predict future consumption, optimize power, etc. Some results obtained from the monitoring system during year 2010 are presented.
SRG Load Voltage Control Strategy Based on Turn- Off Angle Modifying
Authors: A. W. F. V. Silveira  , A. Fleury  , D. A. Andrade  , Gomes, L. C.  , W. R. H. Araújo  , H. dePaula  , R. J. Dias
Published: May 2017

This paper presents a control strategy for the Switched Reluctance Generator (SRG) output voltage. The developed technique uses a PI controller to vary the magnetization angle of the machine phases, acting on the value of the turn off angle in one of the switches of the half-bridge converter, allowing the inclusion of a freewheeling step between the magnetization and demagnetization of the phases. This strategy was implemented both in simulation (Matlab/ Simulink® ) and experimentally (through DSP). Results with and without the freewheeling step were compared, showing that its addition for the SRG magnetization control substantially increases the energy conversion capability. Besides, the obtained results demonstrated that the proposed strategy is also able to perform an accurate control of the generator output voltage, even in transient situations.
The Use of Capacity Planning for Energy Efficiency
Authors: Luiz A. Pepplow  , Paulo V. Trautman  , Roberto C. Betini
Published: May 2017

Energy and environmental safety are problems of first greatness faced by our global economy. This article discusses how the use of capacity planning can be applied to afford energy efficiency.
Performance Improvement of a Heat Pump Assisted Solar Water Heating System
Authors: Ruchi Shukla  , K. Sumathy  , Samee Ullah Khan
Published: May 2017

Details of a heat pump assisted solar water heating system, is briefly described. Refrigerants compromising of Fluorocarbons and Chlorofluorocarbons have been generally used as the working fluid. But due to its ozone depletion effect and high Global warming potential, they have been replaced by synthetic refrigerants such as R22, R134 etc. The heat pump utilizing such refrigerants has shown to attain efficiencies (COP) of the order only about 2 to 3. In this paper an attempt has been made to find out the reasons for such low efficiencies and the possibility of using CO2 (R744) as the working fluid in heat pump assisted solar water heating systems. CO2 is one of the few natural refrigerants which is neither flammable and nor toxic. It is commonly obtainable and does not affect the global environment like other refrigerants. A few changes to be made in the experimental set up to improve the performance of the heat pump are discussed.
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Performance Prediction: An Approach to the Double Multiple Streamtube Model
Authors: N.C. Batista  , R. Melício  , J.P.S. Catalão  , J.C.O. Matias
Published: May 2017

The vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT) have been suffering an increased acceptance for urban wind turbines integration in the future smart grid for decentralized generation (DG). The VAWT have several advantages over the more conventional horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWT): the smaller number of components; low sound emissions; their insensitivity to fast changes in wind flow direction; a lower architectural visual impact; the ability to operate closer to the ground; and others. But, the VAWT aerodynamic performance is more complex to simulate and predict due to its three dimensional operation. Several mathematical models have been presented to predict the VAWT performance, such as the double multiple streamtube (DMS) model. With the aim of presenting a tool to ease the study of complex shaped VAWTs, being at the same time able to be easily integrated in computational design tools, a new approach to the DMS model is presented in this paper.
Development of 500[kWh] Lithium-Ion Battery Energy Storage System with 2[MVA] Power Conditioning System for Utility Interconnection
Authors: Kwang-Seob Kim  , Byung-Ki Kwon  , Dong-Seok Hyun
Published: May 2017

Photovoltaic or wind turbine system installed around world has been increased dramatically in the last decade. Unfortunately, these systems are uncontrollable and dependent on environmental conditions i.e., sun or wind. As a consequence, increasing connections of those systems to the grid can lead to the stability problem of the utility network or even the failure because of their uncontrollability. Battery energy storage system(BESS) can be used to control the output fluctuations of renewable sources. BESS consists of lithium-ion battery and power conditioning system(PCS). This paper gives critical aspects of design and control for a large capacity of battery system and PCS. Test results are also given as justification of design and control technology
2D Analytical Calculation of the Open Circuit Electromagnetic Field Distribution in an Axial Flux Slotted Permanent Magnet Machine using Fourier Analysis.
Authors: J. M. Pérez García  , F. A. Frechoso Escudero
Published: May 2017

The paper presents an analytical method in order to obtain the electromagnetic field distribution in an axial flux slotted permanent magnet machine under no-load conditions. The method solves the Laplace equation in the gap of an slotted machine via magnetic scalar potential. Once the magnetic scalar potential is defined, the magnetic flux density components are computed.. Results issued from the proposed model are compared with those stemming from a 3D finite-element method (FEM) simulation. In addition to permanent magnet machines, this technique can be applied to any 2D geometry with the restriction that the geometry should consist of rectangular regions.
Proposal of a Power Quality Analyzer for the new Brazilian Distribution Procedures (PRODIST)
Authors: G. S. Wojichowski  , C. D. P. Crovato  , R. C. Leborgne
Published: May 2017

This paper presents the analysis of the requirements of the new Brazilian regulation of Power Quality. The Electric Distribution Procedures (PRODIST), that includes power quality regulation, stipulates the references and methods of measurements to the Electrical Utilities that soon will become a standard that will have limits that must be achieved. The main target of this paper is to propose a methodology for a Power Quality Analyzer to calculate all the parameters requested in the PRODIST. The PQ Analyzer complies PRODIST technical specifications and the International Standard IEC61000-4-30 for some aspects that PRODIST is not clear. The weak points that are not specified in the PRODIST are also analyzed, showing that they should be more precise, otherwise if different manufactures choose distinct methods, procedures and algorithms, they will not reach the same results. Therefore, power quality measurements could not be compared using equipment of different manufacturers.
Droop Controller Limitation for Voltage Stability in Islanded Microgrid
Authors: M. Kohansal  , G. B. Gharehpetian  , M. Abedi  , M. J. Sanjari
Published: May 2017

The motivation to develop microgrids (MG), as a particular form of active networks is explained and presented as an effective solution for the control of grids. In MGs, with high level of penetration of Distributed Energy Resources, the stability becomes an important issue. Some control characteristics of elements such as droop coefficients in VSI highly affect voltage and frequency stability. In this paper, the changes in droop coefficient influencing the voltage stability of the microGrid are under investigation in islanded MG. The simulation results show the importance of the proposed limitation for the droop controller.
Operação de multiplicação: possibilidades de intervenção com jogos
Authors: Bessa Sônia , Da Costa Váldina
Published: May 2017

Estudo de natureza empírica com delineamento quase experimental. A pesquisa teve como objetivos investigar o nível de compreensão da multiplicação pelos alunos do 4º ano do ensino fundamental I; e realizar intervenção com jogos de regras e desafios específicos para o desenvolvimento da operação de multiplicação. Foi realizada uma intervenção pedagógica com 14 alunos por meio do método clínico. A intervenção foi eficaz na construção da operação de multiplicação aritmética pelos estudantes que não a dominavam, os quais apresentaram expressivos progressos nas noções aritméticas. A utilização de jogos e desafios mostrou que estes podem atender a necessidades cognitivas e afetivas dos estudantes.