bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The quality of university educational programs on environmental and agrobiological focus in graduates’ opinion
Authors: Ivashova Valentina , Parsieva Larisa , Lesnykh Juliya , Chepurina Irina , Nagamova Natalia
Published: October 2024

The article presents the opinions of the of universities’ graduates in the South of Russia on the quality of the university educational programs on environmental and agrobiological focus. A brief review of publications conducted on the basis of systematic selection in the main knowledge-intensive databases confirms the relevance of the proposed research question. The assessment of the quality of training of agrobiological and environmental specialists is considered by the scientific community as a significant social and educational problem. The empirical part of the study examines the opinions of graduates of environmental and agrobiological educational programs in the South of Russia in terms of their assessments of the quality of education received. A total of 396 graduates took part in the survey. The results were processed in the SPSS Statistics program (version 24). The strategic vectors of increasing the quality of university educational programs in the field of ecology and agrobiology are: the development of competencies for environmentally safe and responsible entrepreneurship; international standardization of the quality of agricultural education to ensure the sustainable development of agricultural production, food and environmental safety; work with digital process assistants.
Modern methods for efficiency assessment of special economic and small industrial zones’ ecosystems
Authors: Kipkeeva Asiiat , Ermetova Ikbol , Matyakubov Umidjon , Palvanbayev Umidbek
Published: October 2024

In the Republic of Uzbekistan, the establishment and assessment of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) and Small Industrial Zones (SIZs) present an urgent challenge that intertwines economic growth with ecological sustainability. Amidst these developmental initiatives, it is imperative to consider the impact of these zones on the region’s rich biodiversity and fragile ecosystems. The research systematically evaluates the performance indicators of SEZs and SIZs, drawing upon comparative analyses of legal frameworks across Central Asia and the Russian Federation. This study not only aims to enhance the economic contributions of these zones but also emphasizes the necessity of integrating environmental considerations into their design and operation. By studying successful methodologies from Kazakhstan and lessons from ecological practices in China, South Korea, and Singapore, the potential of SEZs and SIZs can be expanded to foster both economic and ecological resilience. However, the article highlights that significant infrastructural challenges and the absence of regulatory frameworks for measuring ecological impact impede the realization of these dual objectives.
Logistics to increase efficiency and reduce losses in agriculture
Authors: Kukartsev Vladislav , Olentsova Julia , Kravtsov Kirill , Soloveva Tatiana
Published: October 2024

This article discusses modern approaches to optimizing logistics in the agronomic sector using digital technologies. In the context of growing demand for high-quality agricultural products and increasing global competition, agricultural enterprises are faced with the need to introduce innovative solutions for managing transportation and storage of products. Special attention is paid to the design of a system aimed at reducing losses and increasing the efficiency of logistics processes. The use of information technologies such as transportation management systems (TMS), the Internet of Things (IoT) and machine learning can improve the accuracy and speed of operations, minimize costs and improve product quality. The article discusses in detail modelling methods using UML diagrams, which allows you to create a clear and complete picture of the structure and behaviour of the system. These results demonstrate a significant improvement in logistics processes, which contributes to increasing the sustainability and competitiveness of agricultural enterprises in the global market.
Assessment of the level of IT-technologies development in the activities of agricultural enterprises
Authors: Kuzubov Alexey , Markaryan Julia , Kirimova Kristina , Kharchenko Yulya
Published: October 2024

To a large extent, in the domestic branch of agriculture, the decline in the technological level of production, the slowdown of investment and innovation processes are caused by the insufficient level of information and technological support of their economic activities. The use of modern information technologies in comparison with traditional ones for agriculture has a significant advantage in terms of speed and quality of data transmission, improving the accumulation, analysis, and use of information. The purpose of the study is to assess the level of validity of decision-making by the management of agricultural enterprises in the sphere of IT-technologies of their economic activity. The level of informatization and computerization of separate spheres of activity of agricultural enterprises in Rostov region has been assessed. The existence of a direct relationship between the size of the enterprise and the level of its informatization has been substantiated. It was revealed that there is no connection between the list of spheres of economic activity, within which agricultural enterprises introduce information and computer technologies, and the spheres of economic activity, in which the management expects significant positive changes in case of development of the corresponding processes. The main problems of using Internet technologies in agricultural enterprises have been identified.
Business ecosystem formation ontological mechanism
Authors: Medennikov Viktor
Published: October 2024

The goal of the work is to develop a scientifically based ontological mechanism for the formation of business ecosystems, the terminology of which has emerged as a result of the manifested basic principles of digital transformation of the economy, science and education. It is shown that these principles make it possible to determine the mutual influence of many more factors in the planning and management of business, including scientific and educational. In other words, there was an order to study both classical agricultural ecosystems and the transfer of natural ecosystem mechanisms to the functioning of economic systems, which, together with the possibility of integrating environmental factors and taking into account their interrelationships in a digital economy, led to the emergence of such research areas in the field of ecosystems as business ecosystems. The above principles have led to the development of mechanisms for the integration of information resources not only within one industry, but also in most related industries, for which ontological modeling of their subject spaces should be carried out, the conceptual description of which has become significantly different over the years. Research in this area has been carried out using agriculture as an example, since it is one of the most powerful ecosystems in the classical sense and is closely related to a large number of other industries.
The study of regional natural heritage sites as an essential component of ecological education
Authors: Kovaleva Natalia , Mikhaylova Alla
Published: October 2024

In addressing the intricate relationship between ecological education and the preservation of biodiversity within the Russian Federation, the present study contemplates the urgent necessity of fostering systematic knowledge among students regarding the nation’s natural treasures. The analysis highlights the significance of the “Sevastopol Studies” course, revealing its pedagogical capacity to cultivate an appreciation for natural heritage objects. Through a detailed exploration of teaching methodologies and techniques, the study proposes an enriched educational framework aimed at enhancing students’ engagement with their regional ecosystem. By integrating structured lessons focused on ecological values and sustainable resource management, the initiative seeks to stimulate cognitive activity and foster a profound interest in the intricate web of life that characterizes the diverse ecological landscape of Sevastopol. The culmination of this research not only contributes to the academic discourse but also presents a practical model for effective environmental education that aligns with the principles of sustainable development.
Innovations in Bulgaria: Problems and challenges for sustainable development
Authors: Parashkevova Evelina , Ivanov Lubomir , Stoyanova Mariela
Published: October 2024

The main goal of the research is to study the limitations, deficits, advantages, and potential for innovation in Bulgaria with focus on sustainable development and green models. The study goes through different dimensions of factors such as: availability of favourable infrastructure, the development of innovation activities at the company level, and the achieved results of the innovation activity. By carrying out a comparative analysis, we aim to identify directions for improving the innovation ecosystem. The main result is establishing the key problem areas in the research of innovations in Bulgaria after the country’s acceptance into the European Union especially green and bio innovations and their key role for development. We found that the major implication was the need for targeted and systematic interventions at a high level, including strategic documents that support the creation and implementation of innovations. The research pointed permanent deficits and outlined some positive processes.
Green economy development in the Republic of Uzbekistan
Authors: Sangirova Umida , Shadieva Dildora , Raimjanova Madina , Umurzakova Nargisaxon , Akramova Nargiza
Published: October 2024

The “green economy” is a new concept that has emerged in the last two decades, it is associated with sustainable development, calling for the simultaneous achievement of social, economic, and environmental goals. In the Republic of Uzbekistan, a “green” economy can be understood as an economy that leads to increased well-being of people and strengthening social justice while reducing environmental risks, efficiently using resources, and stimulating the conservation of the country’s natural ecosystems. The aim of the study is to compare the economies of Uzbekistan and China, and to extract positive aspects and apply them to the economy of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The main research methods were the generalization and systematization of scientific and statistical data, their comparative analysis, synthesis, application of a systematic approach, data processing using methods of economic analysis, and the general theory of statistics. The object of the study is the Republic of Uzbekistan. For a long time, the development of the Republic of Uzbekistan, and most countries of the world, was focused on achieving economic growth through the irrational use of natural resources. Later it became clear that the path of economic growth must take into account environmental and social factors. The green economy is ensured by growth in income and employment, and public and private investments, which are aimed at reducing pollution emissions, creating jobs, and a favorable environment for the life and health of the population, increasing the efficiency of the use of energy, resources, etc. Currently, issues of the “green” economy are considered by various bodies and committees within international systems, government bodies of various countries, private organizations, and others.
Digitalization of public procurement in the context of environmental safety of the state
Authors: Pugachev Vladislav , Senatova Ekaterina , Pomoshikova Nadezhda , Blinkova Elena
Published: October 2024

The subject of this research is the legal nature of digital state services within the Unified Information System (hereinafter referred to as the UIS) and their impact on the environmental safety of the state.The study of the stated problem was based on the dialectical method of scientific cognition, as well as on individual specialized scientific methods. The aim of the research is to analyze the dynamics of the formation and development of the UIS, the influence of electronic services on the implementation of the state procurement process, ensuring environmental safety and the quality of protection of the rights and interests of the state customer. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were formulated and systematically addressed in this study: 1.The legislative framework of state procurement was analyzed, along with the changes introduced in legislation regarding the digitization of the zakupki.gov.ru electronic portal and the implementation of legal norms regulating the electronic document flow of the procurement sphere. 2. The role of electronic progress in the state procurement process was determined as a means of protecting the interests of the state customer for the efficient use of state budget funds. 3. The influence of the digitalization process of public procurement on the environmental safety of the state has been studied 4.Conclusions were drawn regarding the necessity of balancing the interests of the state customer and business entities (contractors of state contracts) in the implementation of innovations in the electronic services of the UIS. 5. Solutions for the development and efficient utilization of electronic services within the UIS were proposed.
Automated formation of discipline sequences for higher ecological and agricultural education using mivar expert systems
Authors: Peresypkina Mariia , Varlamov Oleg , Kotsenko Anton , Guzeva Tatyana , Adamova Larisa
Published: October 2024

Training qualified specialists for agriculture, ecology and industry is becoming increasingly important in today’s rapidly changing world. The constant development of science and technology leads to an expansion of the required knowledge, which creates difficulties for students in assimilating huge amounts of information in a limited time. This discrepancy requires constant updating and improvement of educational programs, ensuring the inclusion of relevant courses and workshops, and maintaining a logical sequence to prevent knowledge gaps. At Bauman Moscow State Technical University (BMSTU), about 25,000 students study in more than 600 programs, including ecology and forestry, using the Electronic University system for automated management of educational processes. Logical AI helps in planning individual educational trajectories, improving decision-making and quality control, especially in the field of agriculture and ecology. The development of mivar networks for educational programs further optimizes management, an example of which is the construction of mivar networks for specific courses. This approach solves the problem of managing large unstructured volumes of data, providing a model for transforming input knowledge into competencies. The integration of mivar expert systems offers a structured method for sequencing courses, ultimately improving the educational structure at Bauman Moscow State Technical University.
Prévention du risque carieux lors d’un traitement orthodontique chez l’enfant et l’adolescent
Authors: Prévot Diane , Prévost Mélanie , Chau Marie-Noémie , Aïem Elody
Published: October 2024

L’orthodontiste joue un rôle dans la gestion de la maladie carieuse chez l’enfant et l’adolescent lors d’un traitement orthodontique. En effet, l’évaluation du risque carieux a été exposée puis l’importance de la détection des lésions carieuses a été mise en évidence ainsi que l’évaluation de leur activité et sévérité. Ensuite, les stratégies préventives à adopter au fauteuil ont été décrites, telles que les scellements de sillons préventifs et thérapeutiques, l’application professionnelle de topiques fluorés, le nettoyage professionnel prophylactique ainsi que l’utilisation d’adhésif contenant du fluor. Pour terminer, les stratégies préventives à adopter au domicile à l’aide de fiches de conseils bucco-dentaires personnalisées comprenant la méthode de brossage, la quantité et le dosage en fluor du dentifrice adaptés à l’âge et au risque carieux de notre patient ont été exposées.
Les directives anticipées : une mesure de prévention face au désir de suicide
Authors: Charazac-Brunel Marguerite
Published: October 2024

En France, la rédaction des directives anticipées suscite des réactions d’indifférence ou de rejet. Ces directives anticipées sont le plus souvent proposées sous forme de questionnaires ne concernant que des actes médicaux.

Les directives anticipées exposent des choix pour une fin de vie qui s’écarte d’un projet de mort. Elles peuvent éviter au sujet d’être confronté à des mesures auxquelles il ne pourrait échapper que par le suicide, assisté ou non. Le sujet peut aussi inscrire dans ses mesures un accompagnement dans des soins et des présences humaines bienveillantes, qui soulagent les douleurs psychiques et physiques. Les directives anticipées permettent le recours aux soins palliatifs.
Évolution de la résonance esthétique au fil d’une expérience picturale avec des patients souffrant d’addiction
Authors: Ducrettet Serge
Published: October 2024

Comment s’affranchir de l’addiction ? Plutôt que de renforcer la lutte contre le produit ou le comportement addictif souvent épuisante et peu efficace à terme, nous nous tournons en profondeur vers le patient lui-même en choisissant la voie de la créativité et du discernement esthétique à travers l’expression picturale. Nous montrerons que la correspondance intime entre l’élan vital et le contact avec la réalité passe nécessairement par une lente conquête du temps vécu fortement, altérée par le trouble addictif. S’en émanciper pourrait transiter par l’engagement de la réhabilitation de la durée vécue, à travers la créativité picturale et le discernement esthétique est une des voies idoines pour y parvenir.
Unconventional exchange bias and enhanced spin pumping efficiency due to diluted magnetic oxide at the Co/ZnO interface
Authors: Liao Xiaoqi , Wang Chunmei , Zhao Duo , Tang Wei , Liang Huawei , Zeng Yu-Jia , Van Haesendonck Chris , Song Qinghai , Liu Haoliang
Published: October 2024

Exchange bias (EB) is normally created by the interfacial exchange coupling at a ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic (FM/AFM) interface. FM/AFM interfaces have also been proved to perform enhanced spin angular momentum transfer efficiency in spin pumping (SP), compared with typical FM/nonmagnetic interfaces. Here, we report an unexpected EB and enhanced SP between a ferromagnet and semiconductor. Considerable EB has been observed in Co films grown on ZnO single crystal due to the interface antiferromagnetism of the Zn1−xCoxO (x depends on the Co solubility limit in ZnO) layer. Moreover, SP measurements demonstrate a giant spin pumping efficiency at the Co/ZnO interface with a bump (spin mixing conductance Geff↑↓= 28 nm−2) around the blocking temperature TB ∼ 75 K. The enhanced SP is further confirmed by inverse spin Hall effect measurements and the spin Hall angle θISHE of Zn1−xCoxO is estimated to be 0.011. The bound magnetic polarons with s–d exchange interaction between donor electrons and magnetic cation ions in Zn1−xCoxO play a key role in the formation of antiferromagnetism with giant Geff↑↓. Our work provides a new insight into spin physics at FM/semiconducting interfaces.
Time delay of reflected and transmitted laser pulse at laser action on a dense plasma slab
Authors: Frolov A. A.
Published: October 2024

The time delay phenomenon of reflected and transmitted laser pulse under the action of s-polarized laser radiation on a supercritical plasma slab is considered. The dependence of the time delay and peak intensity of reflected and transmitted signals on the slab thickness, plasma density, and angle of laser radiation incidence is investigated. It is shown that with increasing thickness of the plasma slab, the saturation of the transmitted signal delay time (Hartman effect) does not occur due to the exponential decrease in its intensity. The tunneling speed of the laser pulse energy through the slab of supercritical plasma is calculated, and it is shown that at large angles of laser radiation incidence, it can exceed the speed of light in vacuum.
Optimal disturbances in round submerged jets
Authors: Ashurov D. A.
Published: October 2024

In this paper, optimal growth analysis of spatial disturbances in round submerged jets is performed. Optimal energy growth is studied for various Reynolds numbers Re and frequencies ω. Different velocity profiles proposed by Michalke [“Survey on jet instability theory,” Prog. Aerosp. Sci. 21, 159–199 (1984)] are investigated by varying the shear layer momentum thickness δ, while the jet radius R is considered fixed (as characteristic length). In the case of stationary disturbances, there are no amplified eigenmodes, so eventually the energy of such disturbances decays downstream. Such disturbances are characterized by optimal energy growth as a function of streamwise coordinate z. At certain location downstream zmax this value reaches its maximum Gmax and then decays, although not monotonically, unlike the result of the temporary setting [Jimenez-Gonzalez et al., “Modal and non-modal evolution of perturbations for parallel round jets,” Phys. Fluids 27, 044105 (2015); Jimenez-Gonzalez and Brancher, “Transient energy growth of optimal streaks in parallel round jets,” Phys. Fluids 29, 114101 (2017)]. The well-known scaling Gmax∝Re2 and zmax∝Re is confirmed for stationary disturbances. Conversely, for nonstationary disturbances there is a range of frequencies in which an amplified mode is present. In this case, optimal perturbations far downstream consist only of the amplified mode. The main effect of non-modality here is “the energy pumping” of the amplified mode, so the disturbances are characterized by the “energy ratio” G/Em, i.e., the ratio of the energy of an arbitrary perturbation to the energy of the amplified mode. The influence of the shear layer momentum thickness on optimal disturbances is studied; increasing the shear layer momentum thickness of the base flow “smears” the area occupied by the optimal disturbance, although it does not dramatically affect energy gain values, slightly decreasing maximum energy as shear layer momentum thickness increases. Spatial oscillations in the energy of stationary optimal disturbances in jet flows are discovered. The spectrum structure examination shows that the frequency of these oscillations corresponds to the frequencies of the two least damped discrete eigenmodes.
Data-driven approximations of topological insulator systems
Authors: Cole Justin T. , Nameika Michael J.
Published: October 2024

A data-driven approach to calculating tight-binding models for discrete coupled-mode systems is presented. In particular, spectral and topological data are used to build an appropriate discrete model that accurately replicates these properties. This work is motivated by topological insulator systems that are often described by tight-binding models. The problem is formulated as the minimization of an appropriate residual (objective) function. Given bulk spectral data and a topological index (e.g., winding number), an appropriate discrete model is obtained to arbitrary precision. A nonlinear least squares method is used to determine the coefficients. The effectiveness of the scheme is highlighted against a Schrödinger equation with a periodic potential that can be described by the Su–Schrieffer–Heeger model.
Constrained nuclear-electronic orbital QM/MM approach for simulating complex systems with quantum nuclear delocalization effects incorporated
Authors: Zhao Xianyuan , Chen Zehua , Yang Yang
Published: October 2024

The hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) approach, which combines the accuracy of QM methods with the efficiency of MM methods, is widely used in the study of complex systems. However, past QM/MM implementations often neglect or face challenges in addressing nuclear quantum effects, despite their crucial role in many key chemical and biological processes. Recently, our group developed the constrained nuclear-electronic orbital (CNEO) theory, a cost-efficient approach that accurately addresses nuclear quantum effects, especially quantum nuclear delocalization effects. In this work, we integrate CNEO with the QM/MM approach through the electrostatic embedding scheme and apply the resulting CNEO QM/MM to two hydrogen-bonded complexes. We find that both solvation effects and nuclear quantum effects significantly impact hydrogen bond structures and dynamics. Notably, in the glutamic acid–glutamate complex, which mimics a common low barrier hydrogen bond in biological systems, CNEO QM/MM accurately predicts nearly equal proton sharing between the two residues. With an accurate description of both quantum nuclear delocalization effects and environmental effects, CNEO QM/MM is a promising new approach for simulating complex chemical and biological systems.
A non-localized spatial–temporal constitutive relation in rarefied gas dynamics
Authors: Li Xiaoda , Hu Bin , Wu Lei
Published: October 2024

Although the Boltzmann equation is instrumental in capturing the dynamics of rarefied gases, finding its solutions in engineering problems is challenging. Therefore, over the past century and a half, numerous partial differential equations based on a few macroscopic variables have been introduced. However, they not only have complicated forms but also cannot make satisfactory prediction when the Knudsen number is large. Here, we propose a non-localized spatial–temporal (NiST) constitutive relation for rarefied gas dynamics, where the stress/heat flux at time t and position x is determined by the velocity/temperature gradient in the nearby spatial–temporal coordinates, via convolution operators. Utilizing solutions of the Boltzmann equation for the Couette/Fourier/Poiseuille flow and the spontaneous Rayleigh–Brillouin scattering, we extract the universal parameters of non-locality as functions of the spatial and temporal Knudsen numbers. Subsequent validation through sound propagation and backward-facing step flow demonstrates that the NiST constitutive relation is capable of accurately forecasting rarefied gas flows across a broad spectrum of Knudsen numbers.
Observation of multifunctional robust topological states based on asymmetric C4 photonic crystals
Authors: Sun Hang , Yang Bin , Yu Wenjia , Hu Zheng-Da , Wu Jingjing , Zhu Yun , Wang Jicheng , Yang Yuting
Published: October 2024

Recent advancements in high-order topological insulators have heralded new opportunities for the innovation and utilization of optical devices. This paper presents a composite asymmetric C4 photonic crystal to achieve multifunctional, robust topological states. Through detailed analysis of the fine changes in the topological bandgap induced by distortion parameters, we facilitate the realization of topological edge states in wavelength division multiplexing applications. We utilize both trivial and nontrivial properties of the topological bandgap to precisely manipulate zero-dimensional angular states, one-dimensional topological boundary states, and two-dimensional body states. Through simulations and experimental results, our advanced asymmetric C4 photonic crystal structure demonstrates superior robustness for the transmission of topological edge states. Our research paves the way for the deployment of more robust topological boundary state transmission systems and advances the application potential of higher-order topological states.
Terahertz single/dual beam scanning with tunable field of view by cascaded metasurfaces
Authors: Xu Haifeng , Cheng Jierong , Guan Shengnan , Li Fan , Wang Xianghui , Chang Shengjiang
Published: October 2024

Dynamic beam scanning with a dynamically tunable beam number, beam direction, and beam polarization remains a challenge in the terahertz gap, which is urgently needed for terahertz radar, next-generation wireless communication, and imaging applications. Different from programmable metasurfaces with element-level phase control, the beam direction is dynamically controlled by two cascaded all-dielectric metasurfaces during in-plane rotation. For a pair of circularly polarized beams with opposite handedness, the scanning field of view (FOV) can be the same or different according to the independent phase modulation in both layers and for both polarization states. Switchable single-beam and dual-beam scanning is achieved by controlling the incident polarization, which covers the ±60° FOV at 0.291 THz with an angular step of 1° and an average gain of 16.2 dBi. The output beam is quasi-circular polarized with an average ellipticity of 0.83. Single beam scanning along a Fibonacci spiral trajectory and dual beam scanning along symmetric and asymmetric trajectories are experimentally validated. Different beam scanning processes are recorded using a terahertz camera, which show good agreement with the theoretical prediction. The wide field-of-view continuous beam scanning with a switchable number of beams and a flexible FOV may have a significant impact on the development of terahertz radar and terahertz intelligent antennas.
Extending the Decreased Activation Hypothesis
Authors: Di Domenico Elisa , Comunello Diletta , Baroncini Ioli
Published: October 2024

Some studies in the field of anaphora resolution have highlighted the fact that even speakers of
two nullsubject languages may over-use overt subject pronouns in their null subject second language. Here, we analyze
the overt subject pronouns produced in Italian by a group of near-native L2 speakers with L1 Serbian, compared to
those produced by a group of near-native L2 speakers with L1 Greek, and a group of Italian native speakers. Results
reveal that Serbian L2ers, like Greek L2ers, over-produce overt subject pronouns, using them in the context of topic
continuity. Overt subject pronouns which maintain the current topic are produced when two referents are active rather
than one, supporting the view that referential choices are partially determined by decreased referent activation.
UG-as-Guide in selection and reassembly of an uninterpretable feature in L2 acquisition
of wh-questions
Authors: Kimura Takayuki , Wakabayashi Shigenori
Published: October 2024

This study explores Universal Grammar (UG) in second language (L2) acquisition, focusing on
uninterpretable features. We present the UG-as-Guide (UGG) model, which contends
that UG plays a pivotal role in eliminating UG-incompatible properties. We investigated L2 English wh-questions in
Chinese-speaking and Japanese-speaking learners through an acceptability judgment task and an elicited production
task. The data revealed that lower-intermediate learners transfer optional movement operations from their native
languages, and apply these operations obligatorily, contrary to UG principles, while upper-intermediate learners
display a shift towards the relevant syntactic knowledge of native speakers. This supports the UGG model, indicating
that initially adopted UG-incompatible operations are subsequently adjusted to align with UG principles, underscoring
the interplay between UG and interlanguage in L2 acquisition.
Pearl millet for good health and nutrition – An overview
Authors: Nibhoria Amarjeet , Kumar Mukesh , Arya Rajesh Kumar , Siroha Anil Kumar
Published: October 2024

Previously food was taken to satiate hunger and survival, but now it is for better health and wellbeing. It is imperative to take a healthy diet that includes energy, carbohydrates, proteins, fiber, and all essential vitamins and nutrients in optimum proportions. Millets have been acknowledged as climate-resilient crops and smart foods. Pearl millet is a C
4
plant grown mostly under scarce input and water supply conditions. Owing to high photosynthetic efficiency, it produces more dry matter and gives better economic returns even under adverse agro-climatic conditions. Globally, pearl millet is grown on 31.0 million ha, mainly in Africa and Asia and is a staple food for 90 million poor people. Among food crops (cereals and pulses), pearl millet is the cheapest energy source (361 kcal/100g), minerals, namely, phosphorus (296–360 mg/100g), iron (8–11 mg/100g), zinc (3.1–6.6 mg/100g), calcium (40–42 mg/100 g), magnesium (97–137 mg/100g) and vitamins, namely, vitamin A, E, riboflavin, thiamine, vitamin K and niacin, etc. Besides, it also has significant amount of fiber, protein, antioxidants like phenolic acids, flavonoids and low fats. Because of its rich nutritional composition, Government of India has designated it as nutri-cereals (Gazette of India, No. 133 dated 13th April, 2018) for production, consumption and trade. Besides rich nutritional value, pearl millet improves our immunity through enormous health benefits like reducing the risk of chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. It improves the digestibility and bioavailability of food nutrients by reducing anti-nutrients. Being non-acid forming, it is also helpful in gastrointestinal problems and is non-glutinous beneficial for people suffering from celiac diseases. With these properties, it is regarded as a significant grain worldwide, yet it is least exploited. However, because of numerous potential health benefits and contributions to national food security, millet grains are now getting the growing attention of food nutritionists, scientists, technologists and industrialists.
AFRIMETS.EM-S2: comparison on digital multimeter for DC voltage, DC current, DC resistance, AC voltage and AC current parameters
Authors: Khoza Michael , Hlakola Marcus , Sayed Rasha , Abdel Hala M
Published: October 2024

Main text

During the 13th intra-Africa metrology system (AFRIMETS) technical committee on electricity and magnetism (TCEM) meeting held on 8th to 9th of July 2019 at Giza, Egypt, a supplementary comparison was approved on a digital multimeter. The primary aim of the comparison is to support the calibration measurement capabilities of the national metrology institutes in measuring DC voltage, DC current, DC resistance, AC voltage and AC current parameters. The National Institute of Standards, Egypt (NIS) piloted the comparison and National Metrology Institute of South Africa (NMISA) provided the comparison reference values and eight AFRIMETS national metrology designated institutes participated. The comparison commenced in January 2020 and completed in August 2021. This report describes the behaviour of the comparison standard, participants reported corrections and calculated comparison reference values with associated uncertainties of measurements at 95% confidence level, normalized errors and degrees of equivalence.

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCEM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Towards the solution of coating loss measurements using thermoelastic-dominated substrates
Authors: Silenzi L , Fabrizi F , Granata M , Mereni L , Montani M , Piergiovanni F , Trapananti A , Travasso F , Cagnoli G
Published: October 2024

The characterization of thin film parameters derives from the measurement difference between the coated and bare substrate. This method of comparison is based on the stationarity of the substrate: the characteristics of the substrate do not depend on the presence of the film. However, the thermoelastic loss of a coated substrate depends on the thermo-mechanical parameters of the film as well, which are generally unknown. When thermoelastic loss is dominant, the coating loss measurements are completely altered. In this paper, we propose a model that helps to understand the role of each material property in the thermoelasticity of layered plates, and with this we identified three possible cases in which any coating-substrate combination could be classified. In particular, we analyzed the IBS silica film deposited on silicon. Using the model, we were able to explain the experimental results and also selected a thinner substrate for future coating loss measurements. With this choice, cryogenic loss measurements on bare substrate confirm that thermoelastic loss becomes irrelevant for temperatures below 130 K–180 K, depending on the mode.
An adaptive parameter decoupling algorithm-based image reconstruction model (ADAIR) for rapid golden-angle radial DCE-MRI
Authors: Chen Zhifeng , Yuan Zhenguo , Cheng Junying , Liu Jinhai , Liu Feng , Chen Zhaolin
Published: October 2024

Objective. The acceleration of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) acquisition is crucial for both clinical and research applications, particularly in dynamic MRI. Existing compressed sensing (CS) methods, despite being effective for fast imaging, face limitations such as the need for incoherent sampling and residual noise, which restrict their practical use for rapid MRI. Approach. To overcome these challenges, we propose a novel image reconstruction framework that integrates the MRI physical model with a flexible, self-adjusting, decoupling data-driven model. We validated this method through experiments using both simulated and in vivo dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI datasets. Main results. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed framework achieves high spatial and temporal resolution reconstructions. Additionally, when compared to state-of-the-art image reconstruction approaches, our method significantly enhances acceleration capabilities, enabling sparse and rapid imaging with high resolution. Significance. Our proposed framework offers a promising solution for real-time imaging and image-guided radiation therapy applications by providing superior performance in achieving high spatial and temporal resolution reconstructions, thus addressing the limitations of existing CS schemes.
Exploring dual energy CT synthesis in CBCT-based adaptive radiotherapy and proton therapy: application of denoising diffusion probabilistic models
Authors: Viar-Hernandez David , Manuel Molina-Maza Juan , Pan Shaoyan , Salari Elahheh , Chang Chih-Wei , Eidex Zach , Zhou Jun , Antonio Vera-Sanchez Juan , Rodriguez-Vila Borja , Malpica Norberto , Torrado-Carvajal Angel , Yang Xiaofeng
Published: October 2024

Background. Adaptive radiotherapy (ART) requires precise tissue characterization to optimize treatment plans and enhance the efficacy of radiation delivery while minimizing exposure to organs at risk. Traditional imaging techniques such as cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) used in ART settings often lack the resolution and detail necessary for accurate dosimetry, especially in proton therapy. Purpose. This study aims to enhance ART by introducing an innovative approach that synthesizes dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) images from CBCT scans using a novel 3D conditional denoising diffusion probabilistic model (DDPM) multi-decoder. This method seeks to improve dose calculations in ART planning, enhancing tissue characterization. Methods. We utilized a paired CBCT-DECT dataset from 54 head and neck cancer patients to train and validate our DDPM model. The model employs a multi-decoder Swin-UNET architecture that synthesizes high-resolution DECT images by progressively reducing noise and artifacts in CBCT scans through a controlled diffusion process. Results. The proposed method demonstrated superior performance in synthesizing DECT images (High DECT MAE 39.582 ± 0.855 and Low DECT MAE 48.540± 1.833) with significantly enhanced signal-to-noise ratio and reduced artifacts compared to traditional GAN-based methods. It showed marked improvements in tissue characterization and anatomical structure similarity, critical for precise proton and radiation therapy planning. Conclusions.
This research has opened a new avenue in CBCT-CT synthesis for ART/APT by generating DECT images using an enhanced DDPM approach. The demonstrated similarity between the synthesized DECT images and ground truth images suggests that these synthetic volumes can be used for accurate dose calculations, leading to better adaptation in treatment planning.
Optical Möbius strips in isotropic random non-paraxial light
Authors: Grigoriev K S , Makarov V A
Published: October 2024

The statistics of Möbius strips with various topologies, formed by the axes of polarization ellipses as they are traced along a closed circular contour of small size passing through the center of a solitary circular polarization singularity line (C-line), have been investigated both analytically and numerically in a random isotropic electromagnetic field. Found are the analytical expressions for the joint probability density function of the differential characteristics of the random isotropic electromagnetic field, which allow for the determination of the topological properties of diagrams of polarization ellipses and the normal vectors to them, as well as the optical strips that arise in the space around C-lines.
Improved experimental scheme for the generation of pair coherent state in traveling-wave optical fields
Authors: Truong Minh Duc , Tran Quang Dat , Le Phuoc Dinh
Published: October 2024

Pair coherent state (PCS) is a two-mode non-Gaussian state recently generated within spatially confined superconducting cavities. Under typical conditions, it is unsuitable for performing global quantum missions in open space. Several methods have been proposed to generate this state with the capability to propagate unrestrictedly. However, these methods employed an excessive amount of unnecessary physical resources or relied on coherent displacement within the low regime. This paper presents a novel experimental approach to generate this state, specifically designed for facilitating long-distance quantum information processing and communication tasks. The method involves the utilization of two weak cross-Kerr nonlinear media, two balanced beam splitters, and an on/off photodetector. Furthermore, the input comprises three CSs with high amplitudes. These physical resources are potentially accessible within existing technology. The analysis of success probability and fidelity demonstrates that the PCS can be successfully generated with a high coherent parameter amplitude, even in scenarios where the photodetector efficiency is low, provided that the coherent amplitudes are sufficiently high.
Genetic diversity of Spotted scat (Scatophagus argus) based on 16s rRNA gene markers in WPP 573 Western part as management basis
Authors: Fitri D A , Mashar A , Ayu I P
Published: October 2024

Spotted scat (Scatophagus argus) is one of the demersal fish that has important economic value, this fish is used as a consumption fish and ornamental fish. It is also an active migratory fish that allows genetic transfer from different waters. This study aims to analyze the genetic diversity of Spotted scat in WPP 573 West Part based on 16s rRNA gene markers as a sustainable resource management. Amplification results show amplicon with single strand band but there are still smears due to the presence of contaminants. The BLASTn sequencing and validation results showed that all Spotted scat samples belonged to the Scatophagus argus species with a percent identification of 99.51 until 100%. The results showed that the Spotted scat samples had a very close kinship relationship, but the population of spotted scat was classified into the unfavorable category because of the low level of diversity.
Distributional response of the rare and critically endangered Ilex nanchuanensis to climate change in East Asia
Authors: Chen Zhiming , Kang Wenjuan , Li Guang , He Renyuan , Luo Zhuzhu
Published: October 2024

Global climate change, dominated by climate warming, is seriously affecting the balance of global ecosystems, but the risk of species extinction is particularly high in low-altitude mountain areas. To clarify the response of the endemic and critically endangered species Ilex nanchuanensis to climate change, this study used the MaxEnt model to simulate and predict the potential habitat of I. nanchuanensis during the Last Interglacial, Last Glacial Maximum, the current period, and two future periods (the 2050 s and 2070 s). The results showed that the hottest monthly minimum temperature is the most important climatic factor affecting the geographical distribution of I. nanchuanensis. Furthermore, I. nanchuanensis will be at risk of population shrinkage and extinction in the future, with the center of mass moving further northwest as concentrations of greenhouse gases increase, especially in the 2070 s, when its geographical distribution shrinks the most under the RCP6 scenario. Therefore, to actively respond to the impacts of climate change, protected areas should be established around the geographical distribution centers of species, and core, buffer, and experimental areas should be scientifically and rationally delineated for the conservation and cultivation of germplasm resources.
Thermal management of mixed convection in a partially heated triangular cavity with a cylindrical enclosure
Authors: T Ravi Kumar Reddy , Srinivasan D R
Published: October 2024

Numerical Investigations are carried out to study the thermal performance of the magnetohydrodynamics laminar mixed convection in a triangular cavity with a circular enclosure. The present work analysis is carried out on a triangular cavity with circular blockage by varying the Re (200–600), Ri (0.01–1), and Gr (4000–36000), respectively. The working system is a triangular cavity filled with water with a circular block. Non-linear partial differential equations are the governing equations that use the finite element method. The moving upper wall and temperature difference contribute to the convection heat transfer. The upper wall is heated and maintained at high temperatures. The other walls are kept as adiabatic. The obstacle at the center is kept at a low temperature. The physical parameters are non-dimensional numbers like the Reynolds, Richardson, and Hartmann numbers that influence the heat transfer rate. The Richardson and Reynolds numbers impact positively, and the Hartmann numbers tend to decrease heat transfer rates.
Green-synthesized Ag hierarchical assemblies for SERS detection of rhodamine dye
Authors: Sayson Luce Vida A , Taaca Kathrina Lois M , Madera Rozen Grace B , Vasquez Magdaleno R , Regulacio Michelle D
Published: October 2024

This study presents a simple benchtop synthetic protocol for the fabrication of silver (Ag) hierarchical structures in aqueous media using environmentally friendly and inexpensive reagents under mild experimental conditions. Natural organic acids that are known to be present in plants were employed as reducing and morphology-directing reagents. SEM and TEM imaging revealed that the products are three-dimensional hierarchical structures that were formed from self-assembly of smaller nanoparticles. They are generally spherical in shape, measure around 1.5 to 5 μm in size, and possess highly roughened surfaces due to the interstitial gaps between their nanoparticle subunits. Their hierarchical architecture allows for strong absorption of light in a broad range of wavelengths that extends to the near-infrared region. In addition, their surface morphology has an abundance of hot spot regions, which are capable of inducing strong SERS enhancement effects. The green-synthesized Ag nanostructures showed remarkable SERS activity when used as substrates for the detection of rhodamine 6G dye, a highly toxic water contaminant, even at a concentration as low as 10–8 M. Overall, this study does not only provide a greener approach to Ag hierarchical structures, but also demonstrates the immense potential of these nano-assembled architectures in the sensitive detection of organic dye pollutants.