bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Immunohistochemical Characterization of Devil Facial Tumor Disease (DFTD) in the Tasmanian Devil (Sarcophilus harrisii)
Authors: Loh R. , Hayes D. , Mahjoor A. , O'Hara A. , Pyecroft S. , Raidal S.
Published: November 2006

Immunohistochemical techniques were used to characterize the disfiguring and debilitating fatal neoplastic disease, devil facial tumor disease (DFTD), which has recently affected a significant proportion of the wild population of Tasmanian Devils ( Sarcophilus harrisii). The diagnostic values of a number of immunohistochemical stains were employed to further characterize 50 representative cases. The neoplasms were negative for cytokeratin (0/48), epithelial membrane antigen (0/42), von Willebrand factor (vWF) (0/11), smooth muscle actin (SMA) (0/26), desmin (0/47), glial fibrillary acid protein (0/13), CD16 (0/13), CD57 (0/43), CD3 (0/18), and LSP1 (0/16). DFTD cells were positive for vimentin (50/50), S-100 (41/48), melan A (11/39), neuron specific enolase (35/35), chromogranin A (12/12) and synaptophysin (29/30). The cells were negative for amyloid (0/30) and stained negatively with Singh's silver (0/34) but were weakly argyrophilic (3/40) using Grimelius histochemical stain. These staining characteristics are consistent with cells of neuroectodermal origin.
Tunicamycin Enhances Neuroinvasion and Encephalitis in Mice Infected with Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus
Authors: Steele K. E. , Seth P. , Catlin-Lebaron K. M. K. , Schoneboom B. A. , Husain M. M. , Grieder F. , Maheshwari R. K.
Published: November 2006

Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) viruses cause natural outbreaks in humans and horses and represent a significant biothreat agent. The effect of tunicamycin on the course of the disease in mice with VEE was investigated, and the combined effects of these agents was characterized. CD-1 mice given 2.5 μg of tunicamycin had > 1,000-fold more virus in the brain 48 hours after infection with the virulent VEE strain V3000 and >100-fold of the attenuated strain V3034 at all tested times than did untreated mice, indicating enhanced neuroinvasion. Tunicamycin did not alter the viremia profiles of these viruses nor the replication of V3000 in the brain itself. Tunicamycin alone caused ultrastructural blood-brain barrier damage, yet neuroinvasion by V3000 in treated mice appeared to occur via the olfactory system rather than the blood-brain barrier. Tunicamycin-treated, V3000-infected mice also exhibited earlier and more severe weight loss, neurological signs, neuronal infection, neuronal necrosis and apoptosis, and inflammation than untreated, V3000-infected mice. The mean survival time of tunicamycin-treated, V3000-infected mice was 7.3 days versus 9.9 days for untreated, V3000-infected mice. These studies imply that animals that ingest toxins similar to tunicamycin, including the agent of annual ryegrass toxicity in livestock, are conceivably at greater risk from infections by encephalitis viruses and that humans and horses exposed to agents acting similar to tunicamycin may be more susceptible to encephalitis caused by VEE viruses. The exact mechanism of tunicamycin-enhanced neuroinvasion by VEE viruses requires further study.
Experimental Pathogenesis for Chickens, Turkeys, and Pigeons of Exotic Newcastle Disease Virus from an Outbreak in California during 2002-2003
Authors: Wakamatsu N. , King D. J. , Kapczynski D. R. , Seal B. S. , Brown C. C.
Published: November 2006

Exotic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolated from chickens during the 2002-2003 California outbreak (CA exotic Newcastle disease [END] virus) was inoculated into 4-week-old specificpathogen-free (SPF) White Leghorn chickens, 3-week-old SPF Beltsville White turkeys, 6-week-old commercial Broad Breasted White turkeys, and 10- to 20-week-old racing pigeons, and the clinicopathologic features of disease were compared. Birds were monitored clinically and euthanized sequentially with collection of tissues. Tissues were examined by histopathology, by immunohistochemistry to detect viral nucleoprotein, and by in situ hybridization to detect viral mRNA. Clinically, infected chickens and SPF turkeys showed severe depression, and all died or were euthanized because of severe clinical signs by day 5 postinoculation. In these birds, histologic lesions were widespread and virus was detected in multiple organs. All infected commercial turkeys showed mild depression, and incoordination was observed in some birds. Histologic lesions were mild, and viral distribution was limited. In pigeons, only 1 bird showed overt clinical disease, and histologic lesions and viral distribution were present in limited organs. Consequently, susceptibility to highly virulent NDV was shown to vary among chickens, SPF turkeys, commercial turkeys, and pigeons. Additionally, we have evidence of CA END virus subclinical infections that suggest pigeons could be subclinical carriers of other virulent NDV.
Selection of Reference Genes for Quantitative Real-time PCR Analysis in Canine Mammary Tumors Using the GeNorm Algorithm
Authors: Etschmann B. , Wilcken B. , Stoevesand K. , von der Schulenburg A. , Sterner-Kock A.
Published: November 2006

Eleven reference genes (18s ribosomal ribonucleic acid [RNA], 28s ribosomal RNA, ubiquitin, beta-actin, glycerine aldehyde dehydrogenase, ATP-synthase subunit 5B, hydroxymethylbilane synthase, hypoxanthine-phosphoribosyl transferase, ribosomal protein L32, tryptophan 5monooxygenase activation protein (zeta polypeptide), and TATA-Box binding protein) were analyzed in use as references for gene expression profiling experiments using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in canine mammary tumors. The transcription level of the candidates was measured in 22 histologically characterized excised tumor specimens from mammary gland tissue and 22 samples of non-neoplastic mammary tissue samples from the same individuals. Results were used to rank candidate reference genes using the GeNorm tool. It was determined that in samples of canine mammary gland tissue, a combination of hypoxanthine-phosphoribosyl transferase, ATP-synthase subunit 5B, ribosomal protein L32 and ubiquitin yields stable reference gene expression levels, whereas the use of glycerin aldehyde dehydrogenase or ribosomal RNA is unsuitable for normalization of qRT-PCR results in this tissue type.
Outbreak of Herpesviral Conjunctivitis and Respiratory Disease in Gouldian Finches
Authors: Paulman A. , Lichtensteiger C.A. , Kohrt L. J.
Published: November 2006

An outbreak of tracheitis, sinusitis, and conjunctivitis, originating in recently imported birds, caused high morbidity and mortality in a flock of finches in Central Illinois. Although several species were present, Gouldian finches ( Erythrura [Chloebia] gouldiae) were most commonly and severely affected. Birds submitted for necropsy displayed microscopic lesions characteristic of herpesviral infection, including epithelial cytomegaly and karyomegaly with basophilic, intranuclear inclusion bodies in the nasopharynx, sinuses, trachea, parabronchi, conjunctiva, and occasionally the lacrimal gland or proximal proventricular glands. Viral particles consistent with herpesvirus were visualized within affected epithelial cells with electron microscopy. Based on a partial sequence of the viral DNA polymerase gene, this virus was found to be identical to a herpesvirus previously implicated in a similar outbreak in Canada and is most likely an alphaherpesvirus.
Fatal Systemic Phaeohyphomycosis Caused by Ochroconis gallopavum in a Dog (Canis familaris)
Authors: Singh K. , Flood J. , Welsh R. D. , Wyckoff J. H. , Snider T. A. , Sutton D. A.
Published: November 2006

A 5-year-old Shetland Sheepdog was presented with a history of weakness, ataxia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and occasional seizures. The dog had been treated for 6 months with prednisone for inflammatory bowel disease. A positive titer for Ehrlichia canis was detected 6 months before referral. The initial physical examination revealed a weak, laterally recumbent dog with pale mucous membranes. Neurologic examination revealed multiple neurologic deficits. A complete blood cell count (CBC) revealed normochromic, normocytic, nonregenerative anemia; lymphopenia; thrombocytopenia; and neutrophilic and monocytic leukocytosis. urinalysis revealed proteinuria, with a specific gravity of 1.045. The dog was unresponsive to treatment and died. At necropsy, there was severe serofibrinous peritonitis and pleuritis, with randomly scattered dark brown necrotic foci present in multiple organs, including liver, spleen, kidney, and pancreatic lymph node. Histologically, there were extensive regions of parenchymal necrosis surrounded by neutrophils admixed with epithelioid macrophages, lymphocytes, and pigmented fungal organisms. Numerous brown, 2 to 6 μm in diameter, septate, branching hyphae, subsequently identified as Ochroconis gallopavum (formerly Dactylaria constricta var. gallopava), were observed.
Immunohistochemical MHC-II and Interleukin 2-R (CD25) Expression in Lymph Nodes of Pigs with Spontaneous Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome (PMWS)
Authors: Mandrioli L. , Sarli G. , Zengarini M. , Panarese S. , Marcato P. S.
Published: November 2006

Immunohistochemical expression of immunocompetent cells bearing major histocompatibility complex (MHC-II) and interleukin 2-R (IL2-R) (CD25) molecules was performed on lymph nodes with spontaneous postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). control lymph nodes displayed intense diffuse immunoreactivity to MHC-II in both follicles and interfollicular areas. A marked reduction of follicular MHC-II immunoreactivity and inconsistent staining of histiocytes in interfollicular areas was observed in PMWS cases with a slight lymphoid depletion; in those cases with moderate to severe lymphoid depletion, there was a progressive decrease in MHC-II expression. In controls and in slightly depleted nodes, IL2-R was equally expressed in interfollicular tissue and in follicles, whereas in moderate and severe cases, it was detected in interfollicular remnants only. Immunohistochemical staining was scored semiquantitatively. The mean MHC-II score was significantly reduced in PMWS cases compared with controls (Spearman test), whereas there was no difference in the IL2-R score. The evident reduction of MHC-II immunoreactivity suggests an impairment in MHC-II linked antigen presenting cell expression.
Spinal Intradural Mycobacterium haemophilum Granuloma in an American Bison (Bison bison)
Authors: Jacob B. , DeBey B. M. , Bradway D.
Published: November 2006

Mycobacterium haemophilum, a nontuberculous mycobacterium, is a pathogen in immunocompromised human patients. We report a case of M haemophilum-induced granuloma in the spinal cord of an American Bison ( Bison bison). M haemophilum infection was diagnosed by sequencing a portion of the 16 S ribosomal DNA and comparing the amplicon sequence with sequences in GenBank.
Determination of Equilibrium Moisture Content of Building Materials: Some Practical Difficulties
Authors: Kumaran MK , Mukhopadhyaya P , Normandin N
Published: November 2006

Though the definition of equilibrium moisture content of porous materials is straightforward from the point of view of equilibrium thermodynamics, experimental determination of this quantity may not always be easy. Many factors play roles from an experimentalist's point of view. Hysteresis, the reference dry state, the initial moisture content, the history of the test specimen, the size of the test specimen, the drying technique, and drying temperature—all influence the value that is arrived at by an experimentalist. This paper reports results from several series of measurements on gypsum board, eastern white pine, aerated concrete, and calcium silicate brick using the ASTM Standard C 1498 in the hygroscopic ranges and pressure plate techniques above the hygroscopic range of equilibrium moisture content. These results show the ambiguities that may surround the experimental definition of equilibrium moisture content. The results presented in the paper demand a few refinements in the existing ASTM Standard C 1498 as well as in the procedure that is used in the pressure plate method. The paper proposes a few refinements for both. The need for the development of an ASTM standard for the pressure plate technique is identified.
Coolants at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Claeys S , Lievens S
Published: November 2006

Over the years, new performance requirements and environmental regulations have driven engine manufacturers to design new engines. The new engine technologies have resulted in different operating conditions in cooling systems. In general, a trend towards higher coolant temperatures is observed, which is expected to have an implication on the coolant stability and corresponding lifetime. In heavy duty applications, this trend is even more pronounced as engines are running longer and under more severe conditions. In this paper, a selection of different current coolant technologies available in the market have been tested to obtain more information on the influence of the coolant additive package on the thermal stability of the most commonly used coolant base fluid, mono ethylene glycol (MEG). For this reason glycol oxidation products have been measured after subjecting the coolants to high temperature oxidative conditions. In addition the physical/chemical stability of the coolants and corrosion protection level of the additive packages have been evaluated.
Development of Double Edge Notched Tension (DENT) Test for Asphalt Binders
Authors: Zofka Adam , Marasteanu Mihai
Published: November 2006

This paper presents the experimental details of performing double edge notched tension (DENT) fracture tests on asphalt binders. The testing is performed using an existing direct tension (DT) test device and modificed molds for preparing the test specimens. The fracture toughness values obtained from DENT tests perfomed on nine different asphalt binders are in the reasonable agreement with the values published by other researchers. Further evaluation of the DENT and DT test results indicate that both produce similar trends in terms of failure strains. The KIC DENT results, however, have better repeatability compared to the DT results. The use of DENT test results to determine the critical cracking temperature in M 320-05 (former MP1a) AASHTO specification is discussed.
Predictors of Adherence to Antiretroviral Medications in Children and Adolescents With HIV Infection
Authors: Williams Paige L. , Storm Deborah , Montepiedra Grace , Nichols Sharon , Kammerer Betsy , Sirois Patricia A. , Farley John , Malee Kathleen ,   for the PACTG 219C Team
Published: November 2006

BACKGROUND. Most evaluations of adherence to antiretroviral therapy in children with HIV infection have focused on validation of adherence measures via their association with virological outcomes. However, few studies have fully explored associations with other factors to guide development of adherence interventions.

METHODS. In this study, we examined the relationship of self-reported medication adherence to health, demographic, and psychosocial characteristics of children and their caregivers, using data from an ongoing multicenter prospective observational study of long-term outcomes of HIV infection conducted by the Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group. Child and caregiver characteristics were evaluated for association with adherence via univariate and multiple logistic regression models.

RESULTS. Of the 2088 children and adolescents, 84% reported complete adherence to antiretroviral therapy medications over the past 3 days. The median viral load was ∼10 times higher among nonadherent than adherent children, and the strength of this association increased with age. Factors associated with at least marginally significant increases in nonadherence in a multiple logistic regression model included increasing age in years, female gender, detectable HIV viral load, occurrence of recent stressful life events, repeating a grade in school, self-assessment of adherence by the subject, and diagnosis of depression or anxiety. Having an adult other than the biological parent as the primary caregiver, using a buddy system to remember to take antiretroviral therapy medications, higher caregiver education level, previous adherence assessments, and taking antipsychotic medications were each associated with improved adherence. After controlling for these characteristics, there was no significant association of adherence with race, knowledge of HIV status, medication burden, CD4 percentage, or current antiretroviral therapy.

CONCLUSIONS. Rates of self-reported adherence were relatively high and were influenced by multiple child and family characteristics. These findings identify targets for adherence interventions and highlight the importance of evaluating and supporting the family environment to optimize adherence.
Testing of maize for registration in the national list in Germany
Authors: Schnock U.
Published: November 2006

In Germany the Federal Office of Plant Varieties (Bundessortenamt) is responsible for variety testing and registration in the National List. The regulations of the German Seed Act follow the rules of Council Directive 2002/53/EC on the common catalogue of varieties of agricultural plant species. The German testing system is explained in detail.
Combining abilities and genetic resemblance of maize inbred lines
Authors: Srdić J. , S. Mladenović-Drinić S. , Pajić Z.
Published: November 2006

A diallel cross between ten maize inbred lines was carried out to estimate genetic parameters for grain yield and determine the heterosis and combining abilities of the inbreds and their crosses. Highly significant values for both GCA and SCA were found concerning this trait. The genetic distance (GD) of ten inbreds was evaluated using protein and RAPD markers. The GD based on protein markers ranged from 0.094, found between two lines of the same origin, up to 0.359 between two pairs of inbreds originating from different heterotic groups. Similar results were obtained with RAPD, where both extremes were found among the same F1 combinations. The reliability of the application of molecular markers was confirmed by the highly significant values of the correlations between GD/heterosis and GD/SCA, especially based on RAPD.
Resonance Raman spectroscopy in one-dimensional carbon materials
Authors: Dresselhaus Mildred S. , Jorio Ado , Pimenta Marcos A.
Published: November 2006

Brazil has played an important role in the development and use of resonance Raman spectroscopy as a powerful characterization tool for materials science. Here we present a short history of Raman scattering research in Brazil, highlighting the important contributions to the field coming from Brazilian researchers in the past. Next we discuss recent and important contributions where Brazil has become a worldwide leader, that is on the physics of quasi-one dimensional carbon nanotubes. We conclude this article by presenting results from a very recent resonance Raman study of exciting new materials, that are strictly one-dimensional carbon chains formed by the heat treatment of very pure double-wall carbon nanotube samples.
Análise microbiológica de gastroscópios descontaminados em aparelho Cleantop WM-1 por uso de água eletrolítica ácida
Authors: Machado Alexandre Paulo , Fischman Olga , Geocze Stephan
Published: November 2006

RACIONAL: O método com utilização manual de glutaraldeído é amplamente empregado para desinfecção de endoscópios. A elevada rotina nos serviços de gastroscopia, pequena quantidade de equipamentos e a falta de conhecimento técnico sobre os processos de descontaminação contribuem para desinfecção inadequada dos endoscópios, intensificando o risco de transmissão de microrganismos. A água eletrolítica ácida tem apresentado eficácia na inativação e destruição de microrganismos e vem sendo usada na descontaminação de endoscópios. OBJETIVO: Verificar a eficiência microbicida da água eletrolítica ácida, produzida pelo aparelho Cleantop WM-1, em 20 gastroscópios contaminados após uso em pacientes. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Amostras coletadas do canal de biopsia dos endoscópios, após uso em pacientes (n = 20) e depois da desinfecção (n = 20), foram cultivadas em ágar tripticaseína de soja, MacConkey e Sabouraud dextrose. RESULTADOS: Dezessete das 20 amostras coletadas após o uso do aparelho em pacientes revelaram a presença de bacilos gram-negativos, cocos gram-positivos e leveduras em taxas de 10³ a 10(5) ufc/mL. Nenhuma amostra, das 20 coletadas após a descontaminação, apresentou contaminação microbiana. CONCLUSÃO: Nesse estudo preliminar, a desinfecção mecânica realizada pelo aparelho Cleantop com água eletrolítica ácida revelou resultados satisfatórios pela eliminação de microrganismos e otimização no tempo de processamento dos gastroscópios
Testosterona e gonadotrofina coriônica humana estimulam a esteroidogênese em células da granulosa de folículo pré-ovulatório de égua?
Authors: Caldas-Bussiere M.C. , Garcia J.M. , Barbosa J.C. , Rosa e Silva A.A.M.
Published: November 2006

Avaliou-se o papel da gonadotrofina coriônica humana (hCG) e da testosterona na produção de progesterona (P4) e 17beta -estradiol (E2) pelas células da granulosa cultivadas in vitro de folículo antral de égua. Os tratamentos usados foram: 1- controle (nenhum hormônio adicionado), 2- 1UI hCG (0,3mig/ml) e 3- 10UI hCG (3,0mig/ml). O tratamento com hCG foi realizado na presença ou não de testosterona (144ng/ml). O meio foi coletado e substituído com 0,25, 3, 6, 12, 24 e 144h de cultivo. As concentrações de P4 e E2 foram mensuradas por radioimunoensaio. Não se observou diferença entre os tratamentos 1 e 3 quanto à produção de P4 e E2; o tratamento 1 resultou em aumento da concentração de progesterona após 24h de cultura (P<0,01), mas somente em presença de testosterona. A concentração de estradiol aumentou em presença de testosterona, alcançando concentração máxima com 6h de cultura (P<0,01), e diminuiu gradativamente, até atingir a concentração observada com 0,25h de cultura. A adição de hCG não influenciou a síntese do estradiol. A testosterona desempenhou importante efeito estimulador na síntese/secreção doe E2 pelas células da granulosa e modulou a ação do hormônio luteinizante na diferenciação e luteinização das células da granulosa de folículo antral presumidamente pré-ovulatório de égua in vitro.
As bases experimentais da lesão por isquemia e reperfusão do fígado: revisão
Authors: Miranda Luiz Eduardo C. , Viaro Fernanda , Ceneviva Reginaldo , Evora Paulo Roberto B.
Published: November 2006

O transplante hepático tornou-se o procedimento de escolha para o tratamento da doença hepática terminal. Não obstante o sucesso da cirurgia, a disfunção pós-operatória do fígado enxertado ainda representa importante causa de morbidade e mortalidade. O restabelecimento do fluxo sangüíneo ao fígado recém transplantado impõe a ele nova agressão, agravando a lesão causada pelo período de isquemia. Este fenômeno pouco compreendido é conhecido como lesão por isquemia e reperfusão e envolve disfunção endotelial, seqüestro de leucócitos e agregação de plaquetas, lesão por radicais livre de oxigênio, e distúrbios da microcirculação hepática. Essa revisão discute os vários aspectos fisiopatológicos que estão envolvidos na lesão por isquemia e reperfusão do fígado.
Avaliação hormonal indireta e estudo da preservação folicular em tecido ovariano autólogo transplantado para região inguinal em ratos
Authors: Ceschin Álvaro Pigatto , Biondo-Simões Maria de Lourdes Pessole , Thomaz Beatriz Angélica Charlotte , Totsugui Joel
Published: November 2006

OBJETIVO: O transplante autólogo de tecido ovariano tem sido objeto de estudo de diversos pesquisadores pela perspectiva de manter a funcionalidade deste órgão, mesmo não localizado em seu sítio habitual, sendo daí removido, a fim de minimizar os efeitos causados, por exemplo, pela radioterapia. Este trabalho visa a analisar a efetividade da técnica de autotransplante subcutâneo de tecido ovariano bisseccionado em região inguinal de ratas albinas, próximo aos vasos femorais, através do estudo indireto da produção hormonal, feita pela avaliação da citologia de esfregaços vaginais e do estudo direto da viabilidade tecidual, realizado por meio da análise histológica. MÉTODOS: Analisaram-se 30 ratas, que sofreram ooforectomia bilateral, sendo 15 delas destinadas ao controle e 15 submetidas ao transplante ovariano. Decorridos 28 dias, recuperaram-se e avaliaram-se os enxertos. As análises da citologia dos esfregaços vaginais efetuaram-se no momento 0, ou seja, pré-transplante, e no momento 1, pós-transplante, para os animais de ambos os grupos e a avaliação histológica realizou-se no momento 0 para os dois grupos e no momento 1 para os animais transplantados. RESULTADOS: Os resultados do experimento demonstraram a viabilidade e funcionalidade dos enxertos em 100% das lâminas analisadas, isso verificado através da obtenção de esfregaços em fase de estro para todas as ratas do grupo experimento e da presença de folículos em vários estágios de desenvolvimento, observados nos enxertos recuperados, indicando diretamente a viabilidade do tecido ovariano. CONCLUSÃO: o transplante de tecido ovariano é uma alternativa viável, nas condições do experimento, para a preservação hormonal e folicular, em ratas.
Estudo comparativo do uso de cola de fibrina e cianoacrilato em ferimento de fígado de rato
Authors: Fontes Carlos Edmundo R. , Taha Murched Omar , Fagundes Djalma José , Ferreira Marcos Victor , Prado Filho Orlando R. , Mardegan Marino Jose
Published: November 2006

OBJETIVO: estudar comparativamente o uso de cianoacrilato e cola de fibrina no reparo do ferimento hepático, para evidenciar suas respectivas capacidades de integração aos tecidos à curto prazo. MÉTODOS: 30 ratos Wistar-EPM1 foram separados em 2 grupos e submetidos à anestesia com tiopental na concentração de 40mg/kg EV. Realizada laparotomia com exposição do fígado. Usando um "punch" dermatológico de 3mm foi produzido um ferimento padronizado em lobo direito hepático. Os animais do grupo A foram tratados com a colocação de cola de fibrina nos ferimentos, os animais do grupo B tiveram os ferimentos tratados com adesivo de cianoacrilato. No 7º de PO, sob anestesia, os animais sofreram a ressecção do lobo hepático direito e foram coletadas amostras para os procedimentos de estudo histológicos (HE e Picro-Sirius). Foram avaliados, por microscopia óptica, os processos inflamatórios (critérios qualitativos da presença de neutrófilos, células gigantes, granuloma tipo corpo estranho, neovascularização) e, por microscopia de polarização, a quantificação de colágeno (Tipo I-jovem e Tipo III-maduro). RESULTADOS: Os dois adesivos levaram ao efeito hemostático em tempos semelhantes. Os ferimentos tratados com cola de fibrina mostraram maior quantidade de colágeno jovem e maduro e uma maior quantidade de neovascularização, enquanto os ferimentos tratados com cianoacrilato mostraram maior reação de granuloma tipo corpo estranho. CONCLUSÃO: O ferimento tratado com a cola de fibrina apresentou maior neovascularização e maior porcentagem de colágeno tipo I e tipo III demonstrando tendência a uma melhor reparação tecidual, sem formação de granuloma tipo corpo estranho.
Modelo de indução de necrose focal hepática: estudo experimental em ratos
Authors: Martinho José Manoel da Silva Gomes , Moraes Heleno Pinto de , Oliveira Marcelo Enne de , Moreira Lucio Filgueiras Pacheco , Silva Alexandre Cerqueira da , Pereira Leonel dos Santos , Maia Francisco
Published: November 2006

OBJETIVO: Investigar a área de necrose focal induzida pela injeção intra-hepática de quatro diferentes substâncias no fígado de ratos. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 25 ratos Wistar, com peso variando entre 200 a 250 g, distribuidos em 5 grupos, que receberam 0,1cc das seguintes substâncias: Grupo I (Gr. I) - soro fisiológico a 0,9% (controle). Grupo II (Gr. II) - glicose hipertônica a 50%. Grupo III (Gr. III) - NaCl a 20%. Grupo IV (Gr. IV) - formol a 10%. Grupo V (Gr. V) - etanol. Os animais foram submetidos a laparotomia para que a punção fosse realizada no lobo hepático médio sob visão direta. Todos os animais foram sacrificados após 24 horas da injeção.. Os fígados foram avaliados histologicamente, com o intuito de mensurar a área do tecido necrótico. RESULTADOS: Nos cinco grupos estudados observou-se: Gr. I - 2829mm² (controle); Gr. II - 3805mm² (glicose hipertônica); Gr. III - 3930mm² (NaCl); Gr. IV - 4532mm² (formol) e Gr. V - 6432mm² (etanol). A análise estatística destes valores foi feita pelo método das comparações múltiplas. CONCLUSÃO: 1. O soro fisiológico foi à substância que causou a menor área de necrose (P< 0,05). 2. O NaCl a 20% e a glicose hipertônica a 50% produzem efeitos semelhantes (P > 0,05). 3. O formol a 10% produziu necrose mais extensa que a glicose hipertônica a 50% (P < 0,05) e que o NaCl a 20%, porém não apresentou diferença estatisticamente significativa com esta última (P > 0,05). 4. O etanol foi à substância que, comparada com as outras, mais necrose produziu (P < 0,05).
Efeito da solução aquosa de fenol, ácido acético e glicerina sobre o tumor ascítico de Ehrlich: estudo experimental in vitro
Authors: Saad-Hossne Rogério , Saad-Hossne Willian , Prado Renê Gamberini
Published: November 2006

OBJETIVO: Verificar o efeito da solução composta por fenol, ácido acético e glicerina sobre o tumor ascítico de Ehrlich. MÉTODOS: Após a coleta do líquido ascítico de três camundongos procedeu-se a incubação, a 37° C, do mesmo com diferentes doses da solução teste (0,50, 0,25, 0,10 e 0,05 ml) e com solução salina (0,50 ml como controle; estudou-se a viabilidade celular pela técnica de exclusão do azul tripan). RESULTADOS: Observou-se que ao final de 15 minutos todas as células tumorais encontravam-se inviáveis com as diferentes doses da solução teste. CONCLUSÃO: A solução proposta, causa, in vitro, a morte das células tumorais ao foral de 15 minutos.
Modelo animal de doença: critérios de escolha e espécies de animais de uso corrente
Authors: Fagundes Djalma José , Taha Murched Omar
Published: November 2006

OBJETIVO: Delinear os parâmetros que norteiam a escolha de um modelo animal de doença e verificar na literatura biomédica recente quais as espécies animais de uso mais freqüente. MÉTODOS: Considerando a revisão da literatura são discutidos, os conceitos e as características de um modelo animal de doença. Destaca-se o consenso atual sobre quando usar um modelo animal, quais os critérios de sua escolha e os requisitos para um modelo adequado. Descreve quais os tipos de modelos animal de doença e discute as controvérsias da similaridade filogenética e os riscos inerentes a extrapolação dos modelos para os seres humanos. Baseado em uma pesquisa documental na base de dados da BIREME (Medline, Lilacs, Scielo e Biblioteca Cochrane) investiga quais os animais de experimentação mais citados nos artigos destas bases de dados. RESULTADOS: Verificou-se que o rato e o camundongo são os animais mais freqüentemente utilizados. O coelho, cão e o suíno seguem a lista nas referências de língua inglesa. Nas bases de dados da literatura Latino-americana o cão supera o número de citações de coelhos e suínos. Os primatas são minoria nas citações em todas as bases de dados. As revisões sistemáticas também têm no rato o maior número de citações, as demais espécies são citadas em igualdade de condições. CONCLUSÕES: O animal de experimentação é usado virtualmente em todos os campos da pesquisa biológica nos dias de hoje. A relação entre os humanos e os animais de outras espécies ganhou, através dos tempos, contornos mais definidos, a exploração de outras espécies tem regras e uma ética estabelecida, a indução dos resultados do animal para a espécie humana tem critérios claros e objetivos a serem preenchidos. O uso dos modelos experimentais, ou dos modelos animal de doença, ou dos animais de laboratório na pesquisa biomédica permite e deverão permitir nos próximos anos discussões epistemológicas, políticas, sociais, econômicas e religiosas.
Uso do grampeador para o fechamento da faringe após laringectomia total
Authors: Rogério A. Dedivitis , Guimarães André V.
Published: November 2006

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a laringectomia total para resgate de recidiva após tratamento por radioterapia e quimioterapia concomitante por carcinoma epidermóide avançado de laringe. MÉTODOS: Entre março de 2001 e dezembro de 2002, foram realizadas 12 laringectomias totais de resgate de recidiva com uso do grampeador linear. O protocolo de preservação de órgão para casos de câncer avançado de laringe consiste no uso de cisplatina semanal concomitante à radioterapia. A idade variou de 42 a 64 anos e onze pacientes eram do sexo masculino. Realizou-se novo estadiamento por telelaringoscopia, laringoscopia de suspensão e tomografia computadorizada. Os tumores recidivados eram restritos à endolaringe. O grampeador linear foi aplicado longitudinalmente na região da valécula, entre a faringe e a laringe, o mais próximo possível da asa da cartilagem tireóidea. A colocação primária de prótese fonatória foi realizada em 11 pacientes após o fechamento da faringe. Todos os pacientes obtiveram alta hospitalar entre o 4º e o 7º dia de pós-operatório e a dieta oral foi iniciada no 10º dia. Realizou-se radiografia contrastada de faringe e esôfago entre o 21º e o 30º dia para avaliar a bolsa faríngea. RESULTADOS: A aplicação do grampeador durou menos que cinco minutos. Não houve infecção, fístula faringo-cutânea, queixa de disfagia nem estreitamento ao estudo radiográfico. Os pacientes obtiveram sucesso na reabilitação fonatória a prótese. CONCLUSÃO: O uso do grampeador é tecnicamente fácil e não aumenta a incidência de fístula ou de disfagia em pacientes submetidos a laringectomia de resgate pós-radioterapia. O tempo cirúrgico é reduzido e não há prejuízo na reabilitação fonatória primária com uso de prótese traqueo-esofágica.
Infrared coagulation: a preferred option in treating early hemorrhoids
Authors: Gupta Pravin J.
Published: November 2006

BACKGROUND: The ideal therapy for hemorrhoids is always debated. For early grades of the disease, many different modalities of treatment have been proposed. Some are effective but are more painful, others are less painful but their efficacy is not assured on long term. Infrared photocoagulation has emerged as a new addition to the list. In this procedure, the tissue is coagulated by infrared radiation. During treatment, mechanical pressure and radiation energy are applied simultaneously to ablate the blood supply to the hemorrhoidal mass. METHODS: In the present retrospective study, the effect of infrared coagulation on patients with early grades of hemorrhoids is described. In a separate study, a comparison is made between Infrared coagulation and rubber band ligation in terms of their effectiveness and discomfort. RESULTS: 212 patients were treated by infrared coagulation and were followed up for a period of 18 months. Only 28 patients had persistence or recurrence of bleeding. Overall ratio of comfort and patient satisfaction from pain and bleeding was quite satisfactory. The comparative study showed that though rubber band ligation is more effective, it is a more painful procedure. CONCLUSION: These studies shows that Infrared coagulation for hemorrhoids in early stages could prove to be a easy and effective alternative to conventional methods as it is quick, less painful and safe. The procedure can be repeated in case of recurrence and should be considered as the first choice in early hemorrhoids.
Ligation of the abdominal esophagus decreases scorpion toxin-induced gastric secretion in rats
Authors: Vidal Claudia S. , Andrade Marcus Vinicius Melo , Viana Gisele , Silva Alcino L. , Moraes-Santos Tasso , Gonzaga Heloísa M. S. , Cunha-Melo José Renan
Published: November 2006

PURPOSE: Scorpion toxin purified from Tityus serrulatus venom (Tx) induces an increase in volume, acidity and pepsin secretion in the gastric juice of rats. Ligation of oesophagus has been shown to reduce the acid gastric secretion in rats. The aim of this paper was to determine the influence of the esophageal ligation on gastric secretion induced by Tx in rats METHODS: Forty-four male albino rats were given water ad libitum, but no food for 20 to 24 hours, anesthetized with urethane and the trachea and jugular vein cannulated. Cervical or abdominal esophageal ligation or sham-operations were performed before and after the injection of 0.25 mg/kg of scorpion toxin (fraction T1) into the jugular vein. One hour later, the volume, acidity, pH and peptic activity of gastric juice were determined. RESULTS: The scorpion toxin induced an increase in gastric juice volume, acidity and pepsin output and a decrease in pH when injected into the vein of intact animals or in sham-operated animals. Cervical esophagus ligation did not interfere with the effects of toxin, however, ligation of the abdominal esophageal decreased the toxin effect on the rat stomach. CONCLUSION: Ligation of the abdominal esophagus decreases the gastric secretion induced by scorpion toxin.
Jaundice in second intention wound healing in rats
Authors: Biondo-Simões Maria de Lourdes Pessole , Araújo Celso Fernando Ribeiro , Lima João Henrique Felício de , Ferreira Marcelo , Bonardi Marcos de Abreu
Published: November 2006

PURPOSE: The objective of the present study was to monitor the process of second intention skin wound healing in rats with jaundice. METHODS: The study was divided into two steps. In the first, obstructive jaundice was induced in 68 male rats to investigate the biochemical changes and to determine the ideal time for the study of healing. In the second step, 54 rats were divided into two groups: control (normal) and experimental (jaundiced). Seventy-two hours after jaundice induction, a standardized wound was produced in the dorsum by removing the skin and the subcutaneous net, whose contraction was assessed on the 3rd, 7th, 10th and 14th day and monitored with a computer program. After sacrifice, the tissue was submitted to histopathologic analysis. RESULTS: The most marked biochemical changes were detected between the 3rd and 5th day. The reduction of he wound area was slower in the jaundice group at all 4 time points studied (p3=0.0366, p7=0.0054, p10=0.0000. p14=0.0000). Collagen concentration was lower in the wound of jaundiced animals (p3=0.0000. p7=0.0000. p14=0.0000). CONCLUSION: Jaundice delays collagen deposition and maturation and wound contraction in wounds left to heal by second intention wound healing in rats.
Terazosin and propranolol as blockers to the deleterious effect of nicotine in a random skin flap, in the rat
Authors: Fonseca Andre V. , Ferreira Lydia Masako , Gomes Heitor C. , Percário Sandro
Published: November 2006

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of Terazosin and Propranolol on the prevention of necrosis induced by nicotine, in a random skin flap. METHODS: This study utilized 32 adult male Wistar-EPM rats divided, at random, into four groups of eight animals each. All the 32 animals received nicotine (2 mg/kg/day) subcutaneously, for one week before and one week after flap elevation. CG (Control) group received distilled water (0.2 ml/day) by gavage and saline (0.5 ml) intraperitoneally, for seven days in the postoperative period. TG (Terazosin) group received terazosin hydrochloride (3 mg/day) by gavage and saline, intraperitoneally, for seven days in the postoperative period. PG (Propranolol) group received propranolol (1.5 mg/day) intraperitoneally and distilled water, by gavage, following the stablished pattern. TPG (Terazosin + Propranolol) group received both drugs. On the seventh postoperative day, the distal necrotic area of the flaps was determined via the paper template method. Blood and skin samples were collected in order to allow determination of Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels RESULTS: The control group had a mean value of 39.5 % of necrosis; the Terazosin group 25.1 %; the Propranolol group 34.5 % and the Terazosin + Propranolol group 26.2 % of necrosis. MDA levels in the serum and in the skin samples behave similarly, with an exception regarding Propranolol group in this case. CONCLUSION: Terazosin is effective in the prevention of necrosis in this animal model and Propranolol is not effective in this case.
Estudo artroscópico da articulação do ombro em cadáveres de cães
Authors: Tatarunas Angélica Cecília , Matera Julia Maria
Published: November 2006

OBJETIVO: Avaliar as dificuldades técnicas e possibilidade de visibilização das estruturas intra-articulares na artroscopia da articulação do ombro em cadáveres de cães. MÉTODOS: Artroscopia foi realizada em 30 articulações utilizando-se os portais lateral para o artroscópio e craniolateral para o instrumental. RESULTADOS: Lesões encontradas durante o estudo artroscópico consistiram de osteocondrose da cabeça umeral, presença de material estranho aderido à cápsula articular e lesão do ligamento glenoumeral medial, além daquelas da cartilagem promovidas de forma iatrogênica. Complicações decorrentes do procedimento consistiram de dificuldade na confecção dos portais artroscópico e instrumental e realização da técnica de triangulação, com deslocamento prematuro do artroscópio e instrumental e infiltração periarticular. CONCLUSÃO: A utilização da artroscopia no cão é uma técnica difícil e requer prévio treinamento em cadáveres anterior à sua realização em casos clínicos.
Proteção pela glucana em modelo experimental de sepse
Authors: Freitas Janaina Cristiana de Oliveira Crispim , Medeiros Aldo da Cunha , Sales Valéria Soraya de Farias
Published: November 2006

OBJETIVO: Neste trabalho avaliou-se a ação da glucana b ® 1-3 insolúvel, um polissacarídeo extraído da parede celular interna do fungo Saccharomyces cerevisae, como agente imunoestimulante inespecífico em camundongos submetidos a modelo de sepse experimental. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 73 camundongos Swiss, os quais receberam glucana em diferentes doses pelas vias intraperitoneal (i.p.). Sepse difusa foi induzida através da técnica de ligadura e punção do ceco, transfixado e drenado com fio multifilamentar. RESULTADOS: Os animais tratados com glucana apresentaram um aumento significante no número de leucócitos no lavado peritoneal, diminuição no número de unidades formadoras de colônias bacterianas. Observou-se um aumento significante na sobrevida dos animais tratados com glucana insolúvel, a qual proporcionou um maior controle da infecção bacteriana por aumentar o número de células de defesa. CONCLUSÃO: A glucana insolúvel, quando usada em camundongos por via intraperitoneal, em modelo de sepse abdominal, contribuiu para melhorar a sobrevida, induziu proteção contra a formação de colônias bacterianas no líquido peritoneal e aumentou a migração leucocitária.
Telerobotic-assisted laparoscopic operation performed at a remote site: initial experience
Authors: Andreoni Cássio , Araújo Mardhen , Gattás Nelson , Ortiz Valdemar , Figueiredo Luiz Francisco Poli de , Srougi Miguel
Published: November 2006

Robotic surgery is an option to laparoscopy that may offer some benefits including the possibility of performing surgery when the surgeon is geographically away from the patient and faster tireless repetitive movements with greater precision. At present, robot-assisted surgery has been done routinely in several institutions around the world, however, to the best of our knowledge, it is the first time such procedure is performed in our academic environment and herein is reported the first telerobotic-assisted laparoscopic cystectomy performed in a domestic pig at our institution using the Zeus®robotic system (Computer Motion, EUA). The procedure was performed using two different operating rooms geographically apart from each other. The assistant was in an operating room that was set with the operating table and the pig as well as with the Zeus® robotic arms. In the other operating room, the surgeon was seated in the control console with a three-dimensional imaging five meters away from the operating table connected with electric cables. The assistant surgeon established the pneumoperitoneum and five trocars were placed in a fan configuration. The surgeon started performing the surgery using three out of the five ports taking control of the laparoscope (voice control) and manual control of laparoscopic instruments connected to the robotic arms using the joysticks. The other two ports were used by the assistant for traction and clips placement that was also necessary for exchanging the many laparoscopic instruments connected to the robot. The laparoscopic total cystectomy was successfully performed in 25 minutes with no complications. The truly benefits as well as the cost-effectiveness of the robotic surgery in our environment is yet to be determined after experience acquisition with telerobotic before start performing such procedures routinely in humans. The present report shows the technical feasibility of telerobotic surgery in a developing country.
Translocation of 99mTc labelled bacteria after intestinal ischemia and reperfusion
Authors: João Samir Assi , Alencar Suelene Suassuna Silvestre de , Medeiros Aldo da Cunha , Diniz Simone Otília Fernandes , Cardoso Valbert Nascimento , Brandt Carlos Teixeira
Published: November 2006

PURPOSE: Ischemia and reperfusion of the small intestine disrupts gut barrier, causes bacterial translocation and activates inflammatory responses. An experimental study was planned to evaluate if 99mTc labelled Escherichia coli translocates to mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, spleen, lung and serum of rats submitted to mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion. Additionally, it was observed if the time of reperfusion influences the level of translocation. METHODS: Forty male Wistar rats underwent 45 minutes of gut ischemia by occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery. The translocation of labelled bacteria to different organs and portal serum was determined in rats reperfused for 30 minutes, 24 hours, sham(S) and controls(C), using radioactivity count and colony forming units/g (CFU). RESULTS: All the organs from rats observed for 24 hours after reperfusion had higher levels of radioactivity and positive cultures (CFU) than did the organs of rats reperfused for 30 minutes, C and S, except in the spleen (p<0,01). CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicated that intestinal ischemia/reperfusion led to bacterial translocation, mostly after 24 hours of reperfusion.
Osteointegração de osso bovino desvitalizado, hidroxiapatita de coral, poliuretana de mamona e enxerto autógeno em coelhos
Authors: Figueiredo Arthur Silveira de , Fagundes Djalma José , Novo Neil Ferreira , Inouye Celso Massaschi , Takita Luiz Carlos , Sassioto Maria Cristina Pita
Published: November 2006

OBJETIVO: Estudar comparativamente implantes de osso bovino desvitalizado, hidroxiapatita porosa de coral, poliuretana de mamona e enxerto ósseo autógeno no reparo de defeito ósseo de 6x10mm em fêmur de coelhos. MÉTODOS: Noventa e seis coelhos Nova Zelândia distribuídos em 4 grupos conforme o material de preenchimento do defeito ósseo. Após seguimento de 4 e 12 semanas, as peças foram submetidas a análise macroscópica, microscópica, radiográfica, tomográfica e histométrica. Aos resultados aplicou-se testes estatísticos de Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, Fisher, “t” de Student e quiquadrado. RESULTADOS: O enxerto ósseo autógeno mostrou maior potencial osteogênico; o osso bovino desvitalizado produz maior reação inflamatória, maior número de cavidades císticas e lentidão de integração; a hidroxiapatita porosa de coral mantém a radiodensidade inicial; os implantes de osso bovino desvitalizado e poliuretana de mamona mostraram radiodensidades aumentadas conforme foram invadidos pelo tecido ósseo neoformado. CONCLUSÃO: O implante de osso bovino desvitalizado induz reparação tecidual guiada mais lenta quando comparado ao enxerto ósseo autógeno e aos implantes de hidroxiapatita porosa de coral e poliuretana de mamona.