bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of Edge-Driven Convection in the generation of volcanism I: a 2D systematic study
Authors: Manjón-Cabeza Córdoba Antonio , Ballmer Maxim
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The origin of intraplate volcanism is not explained by the plate tectonic theory, and several models have been put forward for explanation. One of these models involves Edge-Driven Convection (EDC), in which cold and thick continental lithosphere is juxtaposed to warm and thin oceanic lithosphere to trigger convective instability. To test whether EDC can produce long-lived high-volume magmatism, we run numerical models of EDC for a wide range of mantle properties and edge (i.e., the oceanic-continental transition) geometries. We find that the most important parameters that govern EDC are the rheological paramaters mantle viscosity η0 and activation energy Ea. However, even the maximum melting volumes found in our models are insufficient to account for island-building volcanism on old seafloor, such as at the Canary Islands and Cape Verde. Also, beneath old seafloor, localized EDC-related melting commonly transitions into widespread melting due to small-scale sublithospheric convection, inconsistent with the distribution of volcanism at these volcanic chains. In turn, EDC is a good candidate to sustain the formation of small seamounts on young seafloor, as it is a highly transient phenomenon that occurs in all our models soon after initiation. In a companion paper, we investigate the implications of interaction of EDC with mantle-plume activity.
Effects of basal drag on subduction dynamics from 2D numerical models
Authors: Suchoy Lior , Goes Saskia , Maunder Benjamin , Garel Fanny , Davies Rhodri
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Subducting slabs are an important driver of plate motions, yet the force balance governing subduction dynamics remains incompletely understood. Basal drag has been proposed to be a minor contributor to subduction forcing, because of the lack of correlation between plate size and velocity in observed and reconstructed plate motions. Furthermore, in single subduction system models, low basal drag, associated with a low ratio of asthenospheric to lithospheric viscosity, leads to subduction behaviour most consistent with the observation that trench migration velocities are generally low compared to convergence velocities. By contrast, analytical calculations and global mantle flow models indicate basal drag can be substantial. In this study, we revisit this problem by examining the drag at the base of the lithosphere, for a single subduction system, in 2D models with a free trench and composite non-linear rheology. We compare the behaviour of short and long plates for a range of asthenospheric and lithospheric rheologies. We reproduce results from previous modelling studies, including low ratios of trench over plate motions. However, we also find that any combination of asthenosphere and lithosphere viscosity that produces Earth-like subduction behaviour leads to a correlation of velocities with plate size, due to the role of basal drag. By examining Cenozoic plate motion reconstructions, we find that slab age and plate size are positively correlated: higher slab pull for older plates tends to be offset by higher basal drag below these larger plates. This, in part, explains the lack of plate velocity-size correlation in observations, despite the important role of basal drag in the subduction force-balance.
A Corpus-Based Study of Corporate Image Restoration via Public Apology
Authors: Xu Zhanghong , Liu Xiaolin
Published: July 2020

As one of the most effective measures for corporations to manage crises, public apology has received extensive attention from both practitioners and researchers. This paper attempts to conduct a corpus-based and interdisciplinary study on English public apologies issued by foreign corporations, and to explore how the corporations repair their images via public apology under the tentative theoretical framework adapted from Benoit’s image restoration discourse theory (IRDT) and Coombs & Holladay’s situational crisis communication theory (SCCT). Results show that three salient linguistic features are identified in corporate apology corpus: (a) highly frequent use of modal verbs “will” and “can”; (b) highly frequent use of personal pronouns “we” and “you”; (c) highly frequent use of demonstrative pronouns “this” and “that”. It is found that five pragmatic strategies (strategy of expressing apology, strategy of intensifying affection, strategy of mitigating responsibility, bolstering strategy, and rebuilding strategy) are most frequently employed to express mortification to the victims, to reduce the offensiveness of acts and to minimize or to evade responsibility. Furthermore, it is also found that corporate image is restored by means of weakening the negative impression and re-building a responsible and benevolent image. These findings would not only shed light on the corporate image restoration studies, but also offer implications for the practitioners in the business world.
Household Consumption and Unconventional Monetary Policy: Insights from a Bayesian SVAR Model
Authors: AMALI Ebele , SHITILE Tersoo Shimonkabir
Published: July 2020

This study uses a Bayesian SVAR to demonstrate that movements in household consumption can be explained by expansionary credit easing policy. The latter reflects ongoing heterodox monetary policy regimes in many countries, especially emerging markets and developing economies (EMDEs). Using Nigeria’s data over the period from Q1 1995 to Q4 2018, the empirical analysis reveals that the role of credit easing in the household consumption is not important in Nigeria, as a large part of the variation in household consumption can be explained by shocks to other economic activities. The findings also indicate a rough estimate that the impact threshold of credit easing on household consumption is no more than 2 percent, thus requiring accelerators and accelerator policy to overcome the threshold. Our results suggest the need for a broad-based policy response to fully maximize the positive eﬀect of credit supply shock on private spending and aggregate demand in general.
Entropy, Eternity, and Unheimlichkeit in William James’s Philosophy
Authors: Mollard Romain
Published: July 2020

For naturalism, fed on recent cosmological speculations, mankind is in a position similar to that of a set of people living on a frozen lake, surrounded by cliffs over which there is no escape, yet knowing that little by little the ice is melting, and the inevitable day drawing near when the last film of it will disappear, and to be drowned ignominiously will be the human creature’s portion. The merrier the skating, the warmer and more sparkling the sun by day, and the ruddier the bonfires at night, the more poignant the sadness with which one must take in the meaning of the total situation.

—William James, The Varieties of Religious Experience1
Long-standing foreign body in the external auditory canal – case report
Authors: Szleper Agata , Bruzgielewicz Antoni , Niemczyk Kazimierz
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Foreign bodies of the external auditory canal are common pathology in otolaryngological practice. Complains that accompany this pathology depends on the nature of the foreign body and the time of retention. Because of the potential for serious complications to this seemingly prosaic pathology, reacting as quickly as possible is crucial.
Case report: Below we describe an example of a long-standing foreign body in the external auditory canal, we present ways of dealing with the problem and potential complications that may be associated with it.
Long-standing foreign body in the external auditory canal – case report
Authors: Szleper Agata , Bruzgielewicz Antoni , Niemczyk Kazimierz
Published: July 2020

Foreign bodies of the external auditory canal are common pathology in otolaryngological practice. Complains that accompany this pathology depends on the nature of the foreign body and the time of retention. Because of the potential for serious complications to this seemingly prosaic pathology, reacting as quickly as possible is crucial. Below we describe an example of a long-standing foreign body in the external auditory canal, we present ways of dealing with the problem and potential complications that may be associated with it.
The character of the structure formation
of model alloys of the Fe-Cr-(Zr, Zr-B)
system synthesized by powder
metallurgy
Authors: Duriagina Z.A. , Romanyshyn M.R. , Kulyk V.V. , Kovbasiuk T.M. , Trostianchyn A.M. , Lemishka I.A.
Published: July 2020

Purpose: The purpose of the work is to synthesize and investigate the character of structure
formation, phase composition and properties of model alloys Fe75Cr25, Fe70Cr25Zr5, and
Fe69Cr25Zr5B1.
Design/methodology/approach: Model alloys are created using traditional powder
metallurgy approaches. The sintering process was carried out in an electric arc furnace with
a tungsten cathode in a purified argon atmosphere under a pressure of 6·104 Pa on a water
cooled copper anode. Annealing of sintered alloys was carried out at a temperature of 800°C
for 3 h in an electrocorundum tube. The XRD analysis was performed on diffractometers
DRON-3.0M and DRON-4.0M. Microstructure study and phase identification were performed
on a REMMA-102-02 scanning electron microscope. The microhardness was measured on
a PMT-3M microhardness meter.
Findings: When alloying a model alloy of the Fe-Cr system with zirconium in an amount
of up to 5%, it is possible to obtain a microstructure of a composite type consisting of a
mechanical mixture of a basic Fe2(Cr) solid solution, solid solutions based on Laves phases
and dispersive precipitates of these phases of Fe2Zr and FeCrZr compositions. In alloys of
such systems or in coatings formed based on such systems, an increase in hardness and
wear resistance and creep resistance at a temperature about 800°C will be reached.
Research limitations/implications: The obtained results were verified during laser
doping with powder mixtures of appropriate composition on stainless steels of ferrite and
ferrite-martensitic classes.
Practical implications: The character of the structure formation of model alloys and the
determined phase transformations in the Fe-Cr, Fe-Cr-Zr, and Fe-Cr-B-Zr systems can be
used to improve the chemical composition of alloying plasters during the formation of ferrite
and ferrite-martensitic stainless steel coatings.
Originality/value: The model alloys were synthesized and their phase composition and
microstructure were studied; also, their microhardness was measured. The influence of the
chemical composition of the studied materials on the character of structure formation and
their properties was analysed.
The possibility to control the thickness of
the oxide layer on the titanium Grade 2 by
mechanical activation and heat treatment
Authors: Szota M. , Łukaszewicz A. , Machnik K.
Published: July 2020

Purpose: The paper presents the results of microstructure, surface development and
thickness of the oxide layer on the pure titanium Grade 2 after mechanical activation and
heat treatment (550°C/5h).
Design/methodology/approach: Studies show that it is possible to control the thickness
of the oxide layer by using different materials to change the roughness of surface - mechanical
activation before heat treatment. After mechanical activation and heat treatment, the
results of the thickness of the oxide layer as well as a level of surface development were
obtained, presented and discussed.
Findings: The conducted research have proved that mechanical activation of the surface
which cause increase of surface development results in greater thickness of oxide layer which
is formed during heat treatment. Nevertheless mechanical activation that results in decrease
of surface development, such as polishing, results in decrease of oxide layer thickness.
Research limitations/implications: The conducted research have showed up that
mechanical activation of the surface which cause increase of surface development results
in greater thickness of oxide layer which is formed during heat treatment. Nevertheless,
mechanical activation that results in decrease of surface development, such as polishing,
results in decrease of oxide layer thickness.
Practical implications: are possible using similar method for passivation titanium alloys
for medical application.
Originality/value: The paper presents the possibility of using mechanical preactivation of
surface before heat treatment passivation.
Biodentine management and setting
time with Vicat and Vickers evaluation;
a survey-based study on clinicians'
experience
Authors: Buła K. , Palatyńska-Ulatowska A. , Klimek L.
Published: July 2020

Purpose: of this paper was to analyse clinicians’ views on the management and handling
procedures of the Biodentine tricalcium silicate cement with the following evaluation of the
real setting time of the material with two independent physical tests.
Design/methodology/approach: A survey study included 174 clinicians who answered
the questionnaire designed to collect opinions on the Biodentine management during
endodontic procedures. To verify the setting time of the cement, two independent hardness
tests were performed. Macroscopic evaluation was carried out using the Vicat device.
Microscopic assessment with subsequent SEM observation was conducted with the aid of
the Clemex appliance.
Findings: 43% of respondents using Biodentine in their practice described the setting
time as long or definitively too long. One fifth of the dentists surveyed continue dental
procedures without waiting. The setting time tests confirmed the existence of two phases
of the Biodentine setting process, which corresponds to the general definition of cement
setting. After mixing of the material, the initial setting stage lasts for 15 minutes. The next
one, described by the authors as “maturation” of Biodentine lasts for 120 minutes.
Research limitations/implications: The material initially sets within 15 minutes,
however it is not the end of the process. In certain endodontic procedures the awareness
of a longer setting time of Biodentine is essential for decision-making in root canal therapy.
Practical implications: It is advisable to divide the endodontic treatment with Biodentine
into two separate appointments.
Originality/value: From the clinicians’ perspective the setting time and correct handling
of Biodentine are crucial factors in the successful endodontic therapy. The information
regarding proper material management is included in this paper.
Realidade Aumentada Aplicada a Visualização Espacial de Conceitos Relacionados à Projeção Ortogonal
Authors: Fossile Filho Eugenio , Góes Anderson Roges Teixeira , Macedo Alex de Cassio , Góes Heliza Colaço
Published: July 2020

Este texto apresenta a avaliação de um material didático interativo, desenvolvido com a tecnologia Realidade Aumentada (RA), cujo objetivo é facilitar a visualização tridimensional de objetos e apoiar o ensino e aprendizado de conceitos de Projeções Cotadas. Na concepção do desenvolvimento do material didático, a tecnologia no ambiente escolar é considerada parte do processo de ensino e aprendizagem, não sendo tratada como complementar ao ensino como ainda presenciamos na educação brasileira. São apresentadas considerações sobre o desenvolvimento do material didático impresso e do aplicativo em RA, bem como, a avaliação de usabilidade e aceitação da tecnologia por estudantes egressos da disciplina que aborda conceitos de Projeções Cotadas no curso de bacharelado em Expressão Gráfica da Universidade Federal do Paraná. Para a avaliação da usabilidade e aceitação da RA, foram utilizados questionários nos quais os participantes expressaram suas impressões em relação à integração desta tecnologia como recurso pedagógico no processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Os resultados mostram que os participantes avaliam positivamente o uso  dessa tecnologia, apontando benefícios e demonstrando a viabilidade de aplicação do material desenvolvido em turmas regulares.
Risk of Hypertension Associated with Antivascular Endothelial Growth Factor Monoclonal Antibodies: A Meta-Analysis From 51088 Patients with Cancer
Authors: Wang Weilan , Cai Le , Xiao Bingkun , Huang Rongqing
Published: July 2020

Context: Hypertension events are the dominant adverse events observed in patients receiving the antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) monoclonal antibodies bevacizumab and ramucirumab treatment, which severe hypertension, particularly hypertensive emergencies, may cause acute target organ injury and major cardiovascular events, that has limited the administration of anti-VEGF monoclonal antibodies. The current meta-analysis aimed to examine the relative risk (RR) of hypertension associated with anti-VEGF monoclonal antibodies. Evidence Acquisition: PubMed, EMBASE, ASCO Abstracts, ESMO Abstracts, Cochrane Library, and Clinical Trials.gov were searched until July 2019 for relevant phase II and III randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Statistical analyses were performed to examine the RR (with 95% confidence intervals (CIs)) of hypertension associated with the anti-VEGF monoclonal antibodies. Results: Ninety four RCTs and 51088 patients were included in the current meta-analysis. According to the results, compared with the control arms, anti-VEGF monoclonal antibodies increased the risk of all-grade (RR: 3.45, 95% CI: 2.98 - 4.00) and high-grade (RR: 5.63, 95% CI: 5.05 - 6.26) hypertension. In the subgroup analyses, the risk of high-grade hypertension varied significantly with cancer type, so that the highest RR was for patients with ovarian cancer (17.27, 95% CI: 8.50 - 35.08), whereas the risk of all-grade hypertension did not vary significantly. When stratified based on drug types and drug dose, no significant difference was discovered. Conclusions: Anti-VEGF monoclonal antibodies significantly increased the risk of hypertension. The risk may vary with tumor type. Clinicians should be aware of the adverse reaction and clinical monitoring as well as effective management of such situations, particularly for high-risk patients.
The Transfiguration of Lukas Pkech
Authors: Dingley Zebulon ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: July 2020

This article explores a violent episode in Kenya’s late-colonial history in which a confrontation between police and members of an anti-colonial religious movement called Dini ya Msambwa resulted an estimated fifty deaths. Drawing on archival documents and interviews with survivors, I reconstruct the event—the “Kolloa Affray,” as it became known—before showing how its violence has been preserved and transformed in the historical theology and ritual practice of the Dini ya Roho Mafuta Pole ya Afrika, which claims to be a continuation of the Msambwa movement. For survivors of the violence itself, and for others who suffered communal punishment in its aftermath, it is an historical wrong for which the British government owes compensation. For the Mafuta Pole faithful, however, the death of Dini ya Msambwa’s leader Lukas Pkech at Kolowa becomes a kind of second crucifixion, “cancelling” the violence of the past and ushering in a new era of forgiveness and reconciliation. The simultaneous preservation and negation of this violent past in Mafuta Pole historical consciousness is shown through an analysis of its discursive, ritual, and memorial practices.
Avaliação da aplicação do tema transversal ‘sexualidade e gravidez na adolescência’ em escolas de ensino médio do interior do Tocantins
Authors: Santos Leonardo Guerra dos , Santos Sidiney Ferreira dos , Guimarães Ana Paula Martins
Published: July 2020

Atualmente o modelo educacional brasileiro está fortemente embasada no ensino por competências e habilidades, com uma abordagem enfática nos ‘Temas Transversais’. Cada um destes temas deve ser trabalhado buscando fundamentação na vida cotidiana do aluno, conferindo aos conteúdos trabalhados em sala de aula um significado real. Por tanto, o problema que permeia a presente pesquisa é a evidenciar o trabalho enfático do tema transversal ‘Sexualidade’ em colégios localizados uma cidade no interior do Estado do Tocantins. Com tudo, o objetivo do presente trabalho é expressar os resultados de um levantamento realizado nas escolas de 1ª série do Ensino Médio encontradas no Município de Guaraí, Estados do Tocantins a respeito do que os alunos sabem sobre sexualidade, métodos contraceptivos e gravidez na adolescência. Os dados da pesquisa foram obtidos por meio da aplicação de questionários de múltipla escolha. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que as escolas cumprem seu papel quanto a educação sexual de seus alunos e que os professores da disciplina de Biologia são os que mais contribuem para esta formação. Provavelmente a não abordagem deste tema em outras disciplinas esteja atrelado a ausência de capacitação que conscientizem os professores de todas disciplinas do currículo a importância dos Temas Transversais.
Définir le premier palier d’intervention en mathématiques sous l’angle des apprentissages à réaliser par l’élève et d’une pratique pédagogique à privilégier par l’enseignant
Authors: Cabot Thibault Jim , Dumas Benoît
Published: July 2020

Une des composantes du modèle de la réponse à l’intervention (RàI) est la mise en place d’un premier palier d’intervention efficace s’adressant à tous les élèves de la classe. L’objectif du présent article est de définir les éléments qui composent ce premier palier d’intervention pour la mathématique. Pour ce faire, nous traitons des apprentissages à réaliser par l’élève et d’une pratique pédagogique à privilégier par l’enseignant. Pour ce qui est des apprentissages à réaliser, nous proposons trois dimensions qui doivent être développées pour tous les concepts mathématiques : la compréhension conceptuelle, la fluidité et la flexibilité. Nous traitons également de l’importance d’utiliser différents modes de représentation d’un concept. Pour réaliser ces apprentissages, la résolution de problèmes s’avère une pratique à privilégier selon plusieurs auteurs. Nous décrivons les grandes étapes du déroulement d’un enseignement de la mathématique à l’aide de cette pratique et exposons certains enjeux y étant associés.
L’évaluation approfondie des difficultés d’apprentissage des mathématiques
Authors: Lafay Anne , Helloin Marie Christel
Published: July 2020

Les troubles de la cognition mathématique (touchant 1 à 10 % d’enfants) recouvrent un large spectre de difficultés et représentent un handicap majeur pour l’intégration scolaire, sociale et professionnelle. Le modèle de la réponse à l’intervention est axé sur la prévention des difficultés d’apprentissage et sur la différenciation des interventions auprès des élèves. Une composante de cette approche est l’évaluation approfondie des habiletés mathématiques. L’objectif de cet article est de présenter une démarche d’évaluation approfondie des habiletés mathématiques d’un enfant permettant d’établir un portrait de forces et faiblesses dans le but de guider l’intervention. Sont proposées : 1) une courte synthèse critique des outils d’évaluation mathématiques à la disposition des professionnels et de leurs qualités psychométriques; 2) une démarche d’évaluation approfondie des habiletés mathématiques et cognitives; et 3) une étude de cas.
Crafting a Fibre Scene in Cape Breton: The Tools, Technologies, and Motivations of the Unspun Heroes
Authors: Tulk Janice Esther
Published: July 2020

In the 21st century, spinning, knitting, and weaving are largely thought of as hobbies, pastimes, or small business activities. Despite the availability of mass-produced wool and fibre products, homespun and handmade products have seen a resurgence in popularity, partly because practitioner communities have developed. This article provides an ethnography of one such group, the Unspun Heroes in Cape Breton, Nova Scotia. Following a brief history of the group, the individually- and communally-owned tools and technology utilized within the Unspun Heroes is described. The forces that shape fibre artists’ access to tools and other resources of their craft in Cape Breton are identified, elucidating how strategies of shared, repurposed, and DIY tools enable fibre artists to sustainably engage in their craft. The motivations of members of the group are then considered, demonstrating how economic diversification strategies in Cape Breton have facilitated fibre arts, but are seldom the driving force for engagement in fibre arts and the Unspun Heroes group. In conclusion, the concept of “scene” is applied to the people, places, technologies, and connections described in this ethnography of the Unspun Heroes as a way of understanding the complex web of interactions and activities that plays out within and around the fluid membership of the group. This exploration demonstrates the innovative and entrepreneurial ethos of fibre artists in rural Canada.
‘Social media’, un lugar sorprendente donde la incertidumbre no puede encontrarte
Authors: Sanz Martos Sandra
Published: July 2020

Lo sabemos desde siempre. El hombre convive mal con la incertidumbre. No saber qué pasará nos supera. No hemos aprendido a vivir con la incertidumbre, ni nosotros, ni los mercados de valores, que se tambalean al mínimo atisbo de inestabilidad. Y sin embargo, ¿qué hay más incierto que la propia vida? Lo acabamos de comprobar y, en realidad, seguimos instalados en ella. La pandemia de la COVID-19 ha evidenciado más que nunca nuestra vulnerabilidad.
La escritura de la secretaria: un ejercicio femenino sintiente
Authors: Thompson Paola
Published: July 2020

En el presente artículo abordaremos el tema del trabajo secretarial como una labor relegada históricamente a la mujer, en donde se generan diferentes experiencias sensoriales relacionadas con medios tecnológicos. Al respecto, articularemos un análisis en diversos sentidos. En primer lugar, tematizaremos la división sexual del trabajo que designa oficios para mujeres, como en este caso el secretarial. En segundo lugar, recuperaremos la idea de cómo los sentidos siguen un orden social en la designación según el género y la profesión. En tercer lugar, detallaremos las labores realizadas en este quehacer profesional: en él se da una involucración del cuerpo en consonancia con la tecnología, cuyo encuentro puede considerarse una experiencia sensible, en términos de Merleau-Ponty, pero también, a su vez, un disciplinamiento de los cuerpos para llevar a cabo las tareas designadas, una cuestión que abordaremos apoyándonos en Mauss y Foucault. Finalmente, destacaremos la aportación que la secretaria procura a través de diferentes técnicas corporales como la taquigrafía, la mecanografía, la toma de dictado o la edición de textos, acciones todas ellas generadoras de una escritura específica que contiene una construcción, apropiación y significado de la relación del trabajo femenino con la tecnología.
Viable bacterial communities on hospital window components in patient rooms
Authors: Horve Patrick F. , Dietz Leslie G. , Ishaq Suzanne L. , Kline Jeff , Fretz Mark , Van Den Wymelenberg Kevin G.
Published: July 2020

Previous studies demonstrate an exchange of bacteria between hospital room surfaces and patients, and a reduction in survival of microorganisms in dust inside buildings from sunlight exposure. While the transmission of microorganisms between humans and their local environment is a continuous exchange which generally does not raise cause for alarm, in a hospital setting with immunocompromised patients, these building-source microbial reservoirs may pose a risk. Window glass is often neglected during hospital disinfection protocols, and the microbial communities found there have not previously been examined. This pilot study examined whether living bacterial communities, and specifically the pathogens Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile), were present on window components of exterior-facing windows inside patient rooms, and whether relative light exposure (direct or indirect) was associated with changes in bacterial communities on those hospital surfaces. Environmental samples were collected from 30 patient rooms in a single ward at Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU) in Portland, Oregon, USA. Sampling locations within each room included the window glass surface, both sides of the window curtain, two surfaces of the window frame, and the air return grille. Viable bacterial abundances were quantified using qPCR, and community composition was assessed using Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene V3/V4 region. Viable bacteria occupied all sampled locations, but was not associated with a specific hospital surface or relative sunlight exposure. Bacterial communities were similar between window glass and the rest of the room, but had significantly lower Shannon Diversity, theorized to be related to low nutrient density and resistance to bacterial attachment of glass compared to other surface materials. Rooms with windows that were facing west demonstrated a higher abundance of viable bacteria than those facing other directions, potentially because at the time of sampling (morning) west-facing rooms had not yet been exposed to sunlight that day. Viable C. difficile was not detected and viable MRSA was detected at very low abundance. Bacterial abundance was negatively correlated with distance from the central staff area containing the break room and nursing station. In the present study, it can be assumed that there is more human traffic in the center of the ward, and is likely responsible for the observed gradient of total abundance in rooms along the ward, as healthcare staff both deposit more bacteria during activities and affect microbial transit indoors. Overall, hospital window components possess similar microbial communities to other previously identified room locations known to act as reservoirs for microbial agents of hospital-associated infections.
Identification and validation of prognostic signature for breast cancer based on genes potentially involved in autophagy
Authors: Zhong Shanliang , Chen Huanwen , Yang Sujin , Feng Jifeng , Zhou Siying
Published: July 2020

We aimed to identify prognostic signature based on autophagy-related genes (ARGs) for breast cancer patients. The datasets of breast cancer were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression was conducted to construct multiple-ARG risk signature. In total, 32 ARGs were identified as differentially expressed between tumors and adjacent normal tissues based on TCGA. Six ARGs (IFNG, TP63, PPP1R15A, PTK6, EIF4EBP1 and NKX2-3) with non-zero coefficient were selected from the 32 ARGs using LASSO regression. The 6-ARG signature divided patients into high-and low-risk group. Survival analysis indicated that low-risk group had longer survival time than high-risk group. We further validated the 6-ARG signature using dataset from GEO and found similar results. We analyzed the associations between ARGs and breast cancer survival in TCGA and nine GEO datasets, and obtained 170 ARGs with significant associations. EIF4EBP1, FOS and FAS were the top three ARGs with highest numbers of significant associations. EIF4EBP1 may be a key ARG which had a higher expression level in patients with more malignant molecular subtypes and higher grade breast cancer. In conclusion, our 6-ARG signature was of significance in predicting of overall survival of patients with breast cancer. EIF4EBP1 may be a key ARG associated with breast cancer survival.
Ethnotherapeutic Profile of Medicinal Plants Used during Postnatal Recovery (Postpartum) in South Eastern Nigeria: A Review
Authors: Iwueke V. Adaku , Chukwu C. Ezinne
Published: July 2020

Plant derived bioactive constituent has lead credence to usage of medicinal plants namely spices in postnatal recovery in most cultures especially in South Eastern Nigeria. Postpartum is a critical phase leading to recovery for the nursing mother and improved health condition for the new born. Most of these medicinal plants play important role and are used as diet therapy after childbirth to induce contraction of the uterus, energy induction and improve production of breast milk. A systematic and comprehensive review of these medicinal plants for holistic utilization is pertinent. Therefore, this review validates and highlights the health benefits of medicinal plants used during postpartum period in South Eastern Nigeria.
Methodology Applied for Thickness Selection and Stored Heat Evaluation in Non-producer Geothermal Wells in Order to Its Investment Rescue
Authors: Aguilar Alfonso Aragon- , Montalvo Georgina Izquierdo- , Serrato Dominic A. Becerra- , Mar Victor M. Monrroy-
Published: July 2020

An assessment methodology of stored heat in rock formation surrounding to wellbore in geothermal systems is shown. Due to geothermal systems generally are nested in volcanic rock, it is characteristic its heterogeneous behavior. Proposed methodology starts since zone selection with possibilities of heat store. This methodology is focused to be applied in geothermal reservoirs with tendency to production decline, due to low permeability and unbalance between exploitation and water recharge. Because the high costs of drilling geothermal wells, methodology shown in this work is proposed to be applied in those with production decline or non-producers, in order to rescue its investment. The objective is to select the thickness with heat, evaluate its storage, design the appropriate instrumentation for its recovery, its energy conversion and rescue its investment done. The different designs for energy recovery using non-conventional methods to those, used habitually are reviewed. Each one of the variables for stored heat calculation was determined using technical tools of reservoir engineering. A parametric analysis about variables sensitivity (porosity and drainage radius) for determining thermal energy and corresponding electric energy of analyzed rock volume is done. Practical application of this methodology was carried out using data of one of wells of Los Humeros Mexican geothermal field.
Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Essential Oils of Four Species of the Lamiaceae Family
Authors: Paulus Dalva , Luchesi Luana Aline , Busso Cleverson , Frata Marcela Tostes , Oliveira Paula Juliane Barbosa de
Published: July 2020

Aims: The biological properties of essential oils represent possible therapeutic alternatives, with antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, and application in many areas of the industry. The objective was to determine the yield, chemical composition, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the essential oils of Lavandula angustifolia, Pogostemon cablin, Rosmarinus officinalis, and Thymus vulgaris against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enteritidis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted at the microbiology laboratory of the Federal University of Technology - Paraná, Brazil, in the period between June 2016 to May 2017.

Methodology: The essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The antibacterial activity was determined by microdilution in broth, showing minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH).

Results: The average yields of essential oils from L. angustifolia, P. cablin, R. officinalis,and  T. vulgaris were (%) 0.85; 2.0; 1.20, and 1.19, respectively. The major components of lavender essential oil were linalyl acetate (40.1%) and linalool (35.2%); for P. cablin - patchoulol (31.5%), seichelene (13.6%) and α-bulnesene (15.6%); for rosemary - camphor (32.5%), 1.8-cineole (13.6%) and α-pinene (9.8); for T. vulgaris - thymol (47%), o-scimene (21.6%), and carvacrol (11.4%). Thyme oil showed the best results for antibacterial activity, and low values (0.195 µL mL-1) of minimum inhibitory concentration were needed to inhibit S. aureus and S. enteritidis, and for L. angustifolia, P. cablin, and R. officinalis higher concentrations of essential oil were required. The essential oils of P. cablin and T. vulgaris had the strongest antioxidant properties (12.08 and 10.2 µmol trolox mL−1).

Conclusion: The essential oils evaluated have an inhibitory effect on the microorganisms under study and also interesting antioxidant activity, which could be used by medicine to control bacterial infections, with potential application as natural food preservatives and as nutraceuticals.
An Evaluation of Hand Hygiene Practice by Health Care Personnel at a Tertiary Hospital in North Eastern Nigeria
Authors: Imoudu I. A. , Zirami M. G. , Zamo A. B. , Idiodemise I. E. , Mahmood L. M. , Sambo H. , Abdul I. U.
Published: July 2020

Background: Hand hygiene when done satisfactorily is one of the most effective ways of preventing hospital acquired infections. However elementary the process may seem, it is one that has been shown to significantly elude health care personnel (HCP). This study aimed at assessing the knowledge, attitude and practice of hand hygiene by HCP at the Federal Medical Centre (FMC) Azare, North-Eastern Nigeria.

Methods: The study was a cross sectional survey of HCP who make direct contact with patients at four randomly selected units of FMC Azare. Using the purposive sampling technique, a structured questionnaire was administered on the respondents. The collected data was analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Presentation of data was done with tables, in proportions and percentages.

Results: Eighty-two (82) HCP were recruited into the study, 64 (78.0%) were males and 18 (22.0%) were females, giving a ratio of 3.6:1. Nurses made up 43.9%, health assistants 34.1% and doctors 22.0% of the total number. The respondents exhibited a good knowledge of hand hygiene (93.2%). Seventy- seven (93.9%) of the respondents showed a positive attitude while 6.1% had a negative attitude towards hand hygiene. All categories of respondents had good practice scores regarding hand hygiene.

Conclusion: The knowledge, attitude and practice of hand hygiene of HCP at FMC Azare is optimal. However, continuous training on infection prevention and control with emphasis on hand hygiene and other strategies is recommended to allow for improvement in compliance to the concept of standard precautions.
Stem Cell Modelling in COVID-19
Authors: Nagpal Rajeev , Srivastava Akriti , Ekuta Victor
Published: July 2020

The ability of stem cells to differentiate into any desired cell type can make them an indispensable tool in COVID-19 modelling studies. Stem cells derived from patients with preexisting conditions or derived from vulnerable populations such as children, can also assist scientists in understanding the unique contributions of these diverse factors to variations in COVID-19 infection responses. Innovative approaches are urgently needed to adequately address the global impact of COVID-19. Stem cell based strategies offer such an approach.
Influence of Genotype, Location and Plant Age on Incidence and Severity of Cassava Mosaic and Cassava Brown Streak Diseases in Western Kenya
Authors: Navangi L. N. , Githiri S. M. , Ateka E. M. , Kanju E. , Tumwegamire S. , Munga T. L.
Published: July 2020

This study aimed to assess elite cassava genotypes for resistance to cassava mosaic and brown streak diseases at Alupe, Kakamega and Kibos in Western Kenya. The trial was conducted using alpha lattice balanced design using 24 genotypes with three replicates, for an extended cropping cycle between 2016 and 2017. Results for combined analysis of variance showed that genotype, location, month after planting (MAP) and their interactions significantly influenced (P ≤ 0.05) incidence and severity of CMD and CBSD. High CMD incidence and severity was recorded across all cassava genotypes at Alupe (mean 0.730; 1.256) as opposed to Kakamega (mean 0.000; 1.000) and Kibos (mean 0.031; 1.006). Similarly, CBSD root incidence and severity were high in Alupe (mean 0.848; 1.310), as opposed to Kakamega (mean 0.020; 1.006) and Kibos (mean 0.188; 1.078). Within location analysis for CMD and CBSD incidence and severity among cassava genotypes 12 MAP gave varied results. Genotypes Kibandameno and Kalawe had the highest CMD and CBSD incidence and severity in all three locations. Whiteflies abundance was significantly influenced (P ≤ 0.05) by genotype, location, MAP time and interaction. Significant interaction (P ≤ 0.05) between all disease resistance traits further confirmed dual resistance amongst the cassava genotypes, however, this was location specific and not generalized. These findings should be of value to cassava breeding and development efforts throughout Kenya, and other parts of sub Saharan Africa affected or threatened by CMD and CBSD and will hopefully contribute to the development of much improved and/or resistant genotypes and, ultimately more effective management of two of Africa's most pernicious threats to food security
The Question of ECO Stowage: A Response from the Study of the Misalignment of the CFA Franc in WAEMU
Authors: Diabate Nahoussé
Published: July 2020

The objective of our work is to provide an answer to the question of whether or not to link ECO to EURO. For this, we assume that CFA franc is constantly misaligned. Based on WAEMU’s equation of the real exchange rate estimated, we obtain the series of the real exchange rate of balance and the level of misalignment through the HP approach. We use annual WAEMU data for the period 1980-2017 from the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund and the Central Bank of West African States. This result questions the effectiveness of a fixed stowage of the new currency, the ECO to the EURO. However, before the adoption of this new currency, the evaluation of the position of exchange reserves in ECOWAS is necessary. In addition, strengthening productive capacity and better coordination of macroeconomic policies within the ECOWAS economies is highly recommended. It would also be wise to reconsider the budgetary management of ECOWAS states member in order to achieving more convergence.
Enhanced Long-term Stability and Carbon Resistance of Ni/MnxOy-Al2O3 Catalyst in Near-equilibrium CO2 Reforming of Methane for Syngas Production
Authors: Djebarri Baya , Touahra Fouzia , Aider Nadia , Bali Ferroudja , Sehailia Moussa , Chebout Redouane , Bachari Khaldoun , Halliche Djamila
Published: July 2020

Herein we study the catalytic activity/stability of a new generation of cheap and readily available Ni and Al-based catalysts using two Mn precursors, namely Mn(NO3)2 and Mn(EDTA)2- complex in the reaction of CO2 reforming of methane. In this respect, Ni/Al2O3 and two types of Ni/MnxOy-Al2O3 catalysts were successfully synthesized and characterized using various analytical techniques: TGA, ICP, XRD, BET, FTIR, TPR-H2, SEM-EDX, TEM, XPS and TPO-O2. Utilization of Mn(EDTA)2- as synthetic precursor successfully furnished Ni/Al2O3-MnxOyY (Y = EDTA) catalyst which was more active during CO2 reforming of methane when compared to Ni/MnxOy-Al2O3 catalyst, synthesized using Mn(NO3)2 precursor. Compared to Ni/MnxOy-Al2O3, Ni/Al2O3-MnxOyY catalyst afforded near-equilibrium conversion values at 700 °C (ca. 95% conversion for CH4 and CO2, and H2/CO = 0.99 over 50 h reaction time). Also, Ni/Al2O3-MnxOyY showed more resistance to carbon formation and sintering; interestingly, after 50 h reaction time, the size of Ni0 particles in Ni/MnxOy-Al2O3 almost doubled while that of Ni/Al2O3-MnxOyY remained unchanged. The elevated conversion of CO2 and CH4 in conjunction with the observed low carbon deposition on the surface of our best catalyst (Ni/Al2O3-MnxOyY) indicated the presence of MnxOy oxide positioning mediated simultaneous in-situ carbon elimination with subsequent generation of oxygen vacant sites on the surface for more CO2 adsorption. Copyright © 2020 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).Corrigendum to this article is here: https://doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.15.3.9855.907-907
Teaching Children with Autism Reading Comprehension Skills using Online Reading Instruction: Preliminary Evaluation of Headsprout Reading Comprehension®
Authors: Grindle Corinna , Kurzeja Olivia , Tyler Emily , Saville Maria , Hughes J. Carl , Hastings Richard P. , Brown Freddy Jackson
Published: July 2020

Children with autism often exhibit difficulties with reading comprehension. Recent studies have demonstrated positive outcomes for typical learners from the internet-based reading comprehension program, Headsprout Reading Comprehension®. In the present study, a preliminary evaluation of HRC was conducted with six children with autism. The primary aim was to investigate whether it would be feasible to use HRC with children with autism and whether any adaptations to the standard teaching procedure and extra support would be needed. A secondary aim was to investigate the potential of HRC to improve reading comprehension skills. The study used a multiple case series design with six children. Results are discussed with reference to increased reading comprehension ability in the six children and the practical strategies required to support children with autism so that they may benefit from the program.
Swedish Final Year Early Childhood Preservice Teachers' Attitudes, Concerns and Intentions towards Inclusion
Authors: Uusimaki Liisa , Garvis Susanne , Sharma Umesh
Published: July 2020

This article explores ninety-seven (n=97) Swedish Early Childhood (EC) preservice teachers' attitudes, concerns, and intentions to include children with disabilities in regular classrooms. A six-part self-reporting questionnaire was used to examine participants' attitudes, concerns, efficacy, and intentions toward inclusion. The results showed that although the Swedish EC preservice teachers' in this study expressed 'some' concern about working with children the results indicated a high degree of teacher efficacy. To determine predictors of participants' intentions and use of inclusive practices a series of regression analysis were undertaken. Knowledge of local legislation emerged as significant predictor of participants' intention scores. Teaching efficacy scores were significant predictors for both intention and use of inclusive practices. The results are discussed in the context of the Swedish idea ‘a school for all' with a focus on the Swedish preschool teacher education program.