bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correction to: Toll-like receptor-mediated innate immunity against herpesviridae infection: a current perspective on viral infection signaling pathways
Authors: Zheng Wenjin , Xu Qing , Zhang Yiyuan , E Xiaofei , Gao Wei , Zhang Mogen , Zhai Weijie , Rajkumar Ronaldjit Singh , Liu Zhijun
Published: December 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Understanding the genetic determinant of severity in viral diseases: a case of SARS-Cov-2 infection
Authors: Oladejo Babayemi Olawale , Adeboboye Covenant Femi , Adebolu Tinuola Tokunbo
Published: December 2020

Background

Numerous research studies have identified specific human gene variants that affect enhanced susceptibility to viral infections. More recently is the current pandemic where the SARS-CoV-2 infection has shown a high degree of person-to-person clinical variability. A wide range of disease severity occurs in the patients’ experiences, from asymptomatic cases, mild infections to serious life threatening conditions requiring admission into the intensive care unit (ICU).

Main body of the abstract

Although, it is generally reported that age and co-morbidities contribute significantly to the variations in the clinical outcome of the scourge of COVID-19, a hypothetical question of the possibility of genetic involvement in the susceptibility and severity of the disease arose when some unique severe outcomes were seen among young patients with no co-morbidity. The role human genetics play in clinical response to the viral infections is scarcely understood; however, several ongoing researches all around the world are currently focusing on possible genetic factors. This review reports the possible genetic factors that have been widely studied in defining the severity of viral infections using SARS-CoV-2 as a case study. These involve the possible involvements of ACE2, HLA, and TLR genes such as TLR7 and TLR3 in the presentation of a more severe condition.

Short conclusion

Understanding these variations could help to inform efforts to identify people at increased risk of infection outbreaks through genetic diagnosis of infections by locating disease genes or mutations that predispose patients to severe infection. This will also suggest specific targets for therapy and prophylaxis.
Review of the hydrodynamic challenges in the design of elevated pile cap foundations for sea-crossing bridges
Authors: Wei Kai , Zhou Cong , Zhang Mingjin , Ti Zilong , Qin Shunquan
Published: December 2020

With the increasing demand for land transportation in coastal areas, the number of sea-crossing bridges has increased rapidly. In the construction of sea-crossing bridges, the elevated pile cap foundation is one of the most commonly used foundation types. This paper summarizes four main aspects of the research on the hydrodynamic effects on elevated pile cap foundations through timing analysis and keyword co-occurrence analysis. The relevant studies are reviewed from the aspects of waves, currents, and their interactions; the hydrodynamic load on the elevated pile cap foundation; fluid-structure interactions; and the structural responses of bridges that are supported by elevated pile cap foundations. Finally, the following future prospects for hydrodynamic studies of elevated pile cap foundations for the sea-crossing bridge have been discussed, which include wave-current interaction mechanism, wave-current load, fully coupled fluid-structure interactions, and structural dynamic response under hydrodynamic combined with the other hazards.
First-order transition in trigonal structure CaMn2P2
Authors: Li Y. J. , Jin F. , Mi Z. Y. , Guo J. , Wu W. , Yu Z. H. , Wu D. S. , Na S. H. , Mu C. , Zhou X. B. , Li Z. , Liu K. , Sun L. L. , Zhang Q. M. , Xiang T. , Li G. , Luo J. L.
Published: December 2020

We report structural and physical properties of the single crystalline

. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results show that

adopts the trigonal

-type structure. Temperature-dependent electrical resistivity

measurements indicate an insulating ground state for

with activation energies of 40 meV and 0.64 meV for two distinct regions, respectively. Magnetization measurements show no apparent magnetic phase transition under 400 K. Different from other

, Sr, and Ba, and

, As, and Sb) compounds with the same structure, heat capacity

and

reveal that

has a first-order transition at

and the transition temperature shifts to high temperature upon increasing pressure. The emergence of plenty of new Raman modes below the transition, clearly suggests a change in symmetry accompanying the transition. The combination of the structural, transport, thermal and magnetic measurements points to an unusual origin of the transition.
Topological order of the Rys F-model and its breakdown in realistic square spin ice: Topological sectors of Faraday loops
Authors: Nisoli Cristiano
Published: December 2020

Both the Rys F-model and antiferromagnetic square ice possess the same ordered, antiferromagnetic ground state, but the ordering transition is of second order in the latter, and of infinite order in the former. To tie this difference to topological properties and their breakdown, we introduce a Faraday lines representation where loops carry the energy and magnetization of the system. Because the F-model does not admit monopoles, its Faraday loops have distinct topological properties, absent in square ice, and which allow for a natural partition of its phase space into topological sectors. Then, the Néel temperature corresponds to a transition from topologically trivial to non-trivial Faraday loops. Because magnetization is a homotopy invariant of the Faraday loops, and it is zero for topologically trivial ones, the susceptibility is zero below a critical field. In square spin ice, instead, monopoles destroy the homotopy invariance and the parity distinction among loops, thus erasing this rich topological structure. Consequently, even trivial loops can be magnetized in square ice, and their susceptibility is never zero.
A novel approach to seamless simulations of compact hadron therapy systems for self-consistent evaluation of dosimetric and radiation protection quantities
Authors: Hernalsteens C. , Tesse R. , Boogert S. T. , Flandroy Q. , Fuentes C. , Gnacadja E. , Nevay L. J. , Pauly N. , Ramoisiaux E. , Shields W. , Stichelbaut F. , Vandenhoeke A.
Published: December 2020

Hadron therapy installations are evolving towards more compact systems that require higher-quality beams for advanced treatment modalities such as proton flash and arc therapy. Therefore the accurate modelling of present and next-generation systems poses new challenges where the simulations require both magnetic beam transport and particle-matter interactions. We present a novel approach to building simulations of beam delivery systems at a level suitable for clinical applications while seamlessly providing the computation of quantities relevant for beam dose deposition, radiation protection assessment, and shielding activation determination. A realistic model of the Ion Beam Applications (IBA) Proteus® One system is developed using Beam Delivery Simulation (BDSIM), based on Geant4, that uniquely allows simulation using a single model. Its validation against measured data is discussed in detail. The first results of self-consistent simulations for beam delivery and equivalent ambient dose are presented. The results show that our approach successfully models the complex interactions between the beam transport and its interactions with the system for relevant clinical scenarios at an acceptable computational cost.
A Novel Type of Extreme Insulin Resistance: Nonhypoglycemic Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome
Authors: Liu He , Liang Siyu , Li Yu , Fu Junling , Chen Shi , Li Ming , Zhu Huijuan , Pan Hui , Wang Ou , Yuan Tao , Mao Jiangfeng , Qin Yan , Li Yuxiu
Published: December 2020

Context

Extreme insulin resistance is caused by genetic defects intersecting with the insulin action pathway or by the insulin receptor antibodies. Insulin autoimmune syndrome (IAS) is not considered one of the causes of extreme insulin resistance.

Objective

This work aimed to expand the current knowledge of extreme insulin resistance and to propose the diagnostic criteria and management strategy of a novel type of extreme insulin resistance.

Methods

A patient with IAS never experienced hypoglycemia but had persistent hyperglycemia and extreme insulin resistance with treatment with 200 U of intravenous insulin per day. Immunoreactive insulin (IRI), free insulin, and total insulin were measured. The ratio of free insulin to total insulin (insulin-free ratio, IFR) was calculated.

Results

Extreme insulin resistance has not been reported to be caused by IAS. At admission, IRI and free insulin were undetectable in our patient; total insulin was more than 20 160 pmol/L; and the IFR was lower than 0.03% (control, 90.9%). After adding 500 U porcine insulin to the precipitate containing insulin antibodies, the IRI was still undetectable. Since the patient started glucocorticoid therapy, the free insulin has gradually increased to 11.16 pmol/L, his total insulin has decreased to 5040 pmol/L, and the IFR has increased to 18.26%. Intravenous insulin was stopped, with good glycemic control.

Conclusion

High-affinity insulin autoantibodies with a large capacity can induce a novel type of extreme insulin resistance characterized by extremely high total insulin and very low free insulin levels. The IFR can be used to evaluate therapeutic effects.
Distant Metastases From Childhood Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma: Clinical Course and Mutational Landscape
Authors: Nies Marloes , Vassilopoulou-Sellin Rena , Bassett Roland L , Yedururi Sireesha , Zafereo Mark E , Cabanillas Maria E , Sherman Steven I , Links Thera P , Waguespack Steven G
Published: December 2020

Context

Distant metastases (DM) from childhood differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) are uncommon and published studies are limited.

Objective

This work aimed to describe the outcomes of patients with DM from childhood DTC and to evaluate the molecular landscape of these tumors.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary cancer center including patients with pediatric DTC (diagnosed at age ≤ 18 years from 1946 to 2019) and DM.

Results

We identified 148 patients; 144 (97%) had papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and 104 (70%) were female. Median age at DTC diagnosis was 13.4 years (interquartile range [IQR], 9.9-15.9 years). Evaluable individuals received a median of 2 (IQR, 1-3) radioactive iodine (RAI) treatments at a median cumulative administered activity of 238.0 mCi (IQR, 147.5-351.0 mCi). The oncogenic driver was determined in 64 of 69 PTC samples: RET fusion (38/64; 59%), NTRK1/3 fusions (18/64; 28%), and the BRAF V600E mutation (8/64; 13%). At last evaluation, 93% had persistent disease. The median overall and disease-specific survival after DTC diagnosis were 50.7 and 52.8 years, respectively. Eight (5%) PTC patients died of disease after a median of 30.7 years (IQR, 20.6-37.6 years).

Conclusion

Childhood DTC with DM persists in most patients despite multiple courses of RAI, but disease-specific death is uncommon, typically occurring decades after diagnosis. Fusion genes are highly prevalent in PTC, and all identified molecular alterations have appropriate targeted therapies. Future studies should focus on expanding genotype-phenotype correlations, determining how to integrate molecularly targeted therapy into treatment paradigms, and relying less on repeated courses of RAI to achieve cure in patients with DM from childhood DTC.
Approach to the Patient with Primary Aldosteronism: Utility and Limitations of Adrenal Vein Sampling
Authors: Turcu Adina F , Auchus Richard
Published: December 2020

Several studies over the past 3 decades document a higher prevalence of primary aldosteronism (PA) among hypertensive patients than generally presumed. PA exists as a spectrum from mild to severe aldosterone excess. Although a variety of PA subtypes exist, the 2 most common are aldosterone-producing adenomas (APAs) and bilateral hyperaldosteronism (BHA). The distinction is important, because APA—and other subtypes, with aldosterone production mostly from 1 adrenal—can be cured surgically, and BHA should be treated medically with mineralocorticoid-receptor antagonists (MRAs). The major shortcomings in the tailored management of patients with possible PA are the low rates of screening for case identification and the expensive and technically challenging imaging and interventional procedures required to distinguish APA from BHA, especially adrenal vein sampling (AVS). When AVS identifies an APA and allows the patient to be cured surgically, the procedure is of great value. In contrast, the patient with BHA is treated with MRA whether AVS is performed or not. Consequently, it is prudent to gauge how likely it is to benefit from imaging and AVS in each case prior to embarking on these studies. The explosion of information about PA in the past decade, including predictors of APA and of surgical benefit, are useful in limiting the evaluation for some patients with a positive PA screening test. This article will review our suggestions for approaching these patients in a pragmatic style, recognizing the limitations to even the best resources and facilities.
A Panel of 6 Biomarkers Significantly Improves the Prediction of Type 2 Diabetes in the MONICA/KORA Study Population
Authors: Thorand Barbara , Zierer Astrid , Büyüközkan Mustafa , Krumsiek Jan , Bauer Alina , Schederecker Florian , Sudduth-Klinger Julie , Meisinger Christa , Grallert Harald , Rathmann Wolfgang , Roden Michael , Peters Annette , Koenig Wolfgang , Herder Christian , Huth Cornelia
Published: December 2020

Context

Improved strategies to identify persons at high risk of type 2 diabetes are important to target costly preventive efforts to those who will benefit most.

Objective

This work aimed to assess whether novel biomarkers improve the prediction of type 2 diabetes beyond noninvasive standard clinical risk factors alone or in combination with glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c).

Methods

We used a population-based case-cohort study for discovery (689 incident cases and 1850 noncases) and an independent cohort study (262 incident cases, 2549 noncases) for validation. An L1-penalized (lasso) Cox model was used to select the most predictive set among 47 serum biomarkers from multiple etiological pathways. All variables available from the noninvasive German Diabetes Risk Score (GDRSadapted) were forced into the models. The C index and the category-free net reclassification index (cfNRI) were used to evaluate the predictive performance of the selected biomarkers beyond the GDRSadapted model (plus HbA1c).

Results

Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2, soluble E-selectin, decorin, adiponectin, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were selected as the most relevant biomarkers. The simultaneous addition of these 6 biomarkers significantly improved the predictive performance both in the discovery (C index [95% CI], 0.053 [0.039-0.066]; cfNRI [95% CI], 67.4% [57.3%-79.5%]) and the validation study (0.034 [0.019-0.053]; 48.4% [35.6%-60.8%]). Significant improvements by these biomarkers were also seen on top of the GDRSadapted model plus HbA1c in both studies.

Conclusion

The addition of 6 biomarkers significantly improved the prediction of type 2 diabetes when added to a noninvasive clinical model or to a clinical model plus HbA1c.
Targeted Metabolomics as a Tool in Discriminating Endocrine From Primary Hypertension
Authors: Erlic Zoran , Reel Parminder , Reel Smarti , Amar Laurence , Pecori Alessio , Larsen Casper K , Tetti Martina , Pamporaki Christina , Prehn Cornelia , Adamski Jerzy , Prejbisz Aleksander , Ceccato Filippo , Scaroni Carla , Kroiss Matthias , Dennedy Michael C , Deinum Jaap , Langton Katharina , Mulatero Paolo , Reincke Martin , Lenzini Livia , Gimenez-Roqueplo Anne-Paule , Assié Guillaume , Blanchard Anne , Zennaro Maria Christina , Jefferson Emily , Beuschlein Felix
Published: December 2020

Context

Identification of patients with endocrine forms of hypertension (EHT) (primary hyperaldosteronism [PA], pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma [PPGL], and Cushing syndrome [CS]) provides the basis to implement individualized therapeutic strategies. Targeted metabolomics (TM) have revealed promising results in profiling cardiovascular diseases and endocrine conditions associated with hypertension.

Objective

Use TM to identify distinct metabolic patterns between primary hypertension (PHT) and EHT and test its discriminating ability.

Methods

Retrospective analyses of PHT and EHT patients from a European multicenter study (ENSAT-HT). TM was performed on stored blood samples using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. To identify discriminating metabolites a “classical approach” (CA) (performing a series of univariate and multivariate analyses) and a “machine learning approach” (MLA) (using random forest) were used.

The study included 282 adult patients (52% female; mean age 49 years) with proven PHT (n = 59) and EHT (n = 223 with 40 CS, 107 PA, and 76 PPGL), respectively.

Results

From 155 metabolites eligible for statistical analyses, 31 were identified discriminating between PHT and EHT using the CA and 27 using the MLA, of which 16 metabolites (C9, C16, C16:1, C18:1, C18:2, arginine, aspartate, glutamate, ornithine, spermidine, lysoPCaC16:0, lysoPCaC20:4, lysoPCaC24:0, PCaeC42:0, SM C18:1, SM C20:2) were found by both approaches. The receiver operating characteristic curve built on the top 15 metabolites from the CA provided an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.86, which was similar to the performance of the 15 metabolites from MLA (AUC 0.83).

Conclusion

TM identifies distinct metabolic pattern between PHT and EHT providing promising discriminating performance.
Genotype–Phenotype Correlations in Central Precocious Puberty Caused by MKRN3 Mutations
Authors: Seraphim Carlos Eduardo , Canton Ana Pinheiro Machado , Montenegro Luciana , Piovesan Maiara Ribeiro , Macedo Delanie B , Cunha Marina , Guimaraes Aline , Ramos Carolina Oliveira , Benedetti Anna Flavia Figueiredo , de Castro Leal Andrea , Gagliardi Priscila C , Antonini Sonir R , Gryngarten Mirta , Arcari Andrea J , Abreu Ana Paula , Kaiser Ursula B , Soriano-Guillén Leandro , Escribano-Muñoz Arancha , Corripio Raquel , Labarta José I , Travieso-Suárez Lourdes , Ortiz-Cabrera Nelmar Valentina , Argente Jesús , Mendonca Berenice B , Brito Vinicius N , Latronico Ana Claudia
Published: December 2020

Context

Loss-of-function mutations of makorin RING finger protein 3 (MKRN3) are the most common monogenic cause of familial central precocious puberty (CPP).

Objective

To describe the clinical and hormonal features of a large cohort of patients with CPP due to MKRN3 mutations and compare the characteristics of different types of genetic defects.

Methods

Multiethnic cohort of 716 patients with familial or idiopathic CPP screened for MKRN3 mutations using Sanger sequencing. A group of 156 Brazilian girls with idiopathic CPP (ICPP) was used as control group.

Results

Seventy-one patients (45 girls and 26 boys from 36 families) had 18 different loss-of-function MKRN3 mutations. Eight mutations were classified as severe (70% of patients). Among the 71 patients, first pubertal signs occurred at 6.2 ± 1.2 years in girls and 7.1 ± 1.5 years in boys. Girls with MKRN3 mutations had a shorter delay between puberty onset and first evaluation and higher follicle-stimulating hormone levels than ICPP. Patients with severe MKRN3 mutations had a greater bone age advancement than patients with missense mutations (2.3 ± 1.6 vs 1.6 ± 1.4 years, P = .048), and had higher basal luteinizing hormone levels (2.2 ± 1.8 vs 1.1 ± 1.1 UI/L, P = .018) at the time of presentation. Computational protein modeling revealed that 60% of the missense mutations were predicted to cause protein destabilization.

Conclusion

Inherited premature activation of the reproductive axis caused by loss-of-function mutations of MKRN3 is clinically indistinct from ICPP. However, the type of genetic defect may affect bone age maturation and gonadotropin levels.
Selenium in Endocrinology—Selenoprotein-Related Diseases, Population Studies, and Epidemiological Evidence
Authors: Köhrle Josef
Published: December 2020

Selenium (Se), apart from iodine, iron, and calcium, is one of the nutrient-derived key elements strongly affecting the endocrine system. However, no specific hormonal “feedback” regulation for Se status has yet been identified, in contrast to the fine-tuned hormone network regulating Ca2+ and phosphate balance or hepcidin-related iron status.

Since its discovery as an essential trace element, the effects of Se excess or deficiency on the endocrine system or components of the hypothalamic-pituitary-periphery feedback circuits, the thyroid hormone axis, glucoregulatory and adrenal hormones, male and female gonads, the musculoskeletal apparatus, and skin have been identified. Analysis of the Se status in the blood or via validated biomarkers such as the hepatically derived selenoprotein P provides valuable diagnostic insight and a rational basis for decision making on required therapeutic or preventive supplementation of risk groups or patients. Endocrine-related epidemiological and interventional evidence linking Se status to beneficial or potentially adverse actions of selected selenoproteins mediating most of the (patho-) physiological effects are discussed in this mini-review. Autoimmune thyroid disease, diabetes and obesity, male fertility, as well as osteoporosis are examples for which observational or interventional studies have indicated Se effects. The currently prevailing concept relating Se and selenoproteins to “oxidative stress,” reactive oxygen species, radical hypotheses, and related strategies of pharmacological approaches based on various selenium compounds will not be the focus. The crucial biological function of several selenoproteins in cellular redox-regulation and specific enzyme reactions in endocrine pathways will be addressed and put in clinical perspective.
Traditionist Internal Reform: Motives behind the Birth of the First Manual of ʿUlūm al-Ḥadīth
Authors: Noor Umar Muhammad
Published: December 2020

Al-Rāmahurmuzī’s Muḥaddith al-fāṣil bayna l-rāwī wa-l-wāʿī has been widely accepted as the first composition in the discipline of ḥadīth sciences (ʿulūm al-ḥadīth). However, little is known about the real motive behind this sophisticated work. This paper seeks to contribute to ḥadīth historiography by exposing the agenda behind the composition of al-Muḥaddith al-fāṣil. This study suggests that the book reflects al-Rāmahurmuzī’s critical appraisal of the traditionist group and his remarkable effort to initiate an internal reform. Contrary to common supposition, his motive was not mainly to preserve ḥadīth theories and technicalities. Instead, he intended to upgrade the traditionist state of scholarship after a significant decline since the abolishment of miḥnah khalq al-Qurʾān (the inquisition over the createdness of the Qurʾān). His emphasis on the importance of dirāyah aimed to revive the excellence of past ḥadīth scholars and to close the gap that separated the traditionists from their jurist (fuqahāʾ) counterparts.
A Multilevel Contingency Model of Employee Ownership and Firm Productivity: The Moderating Roles of Industry Growth and Instability
Authors: Kim Kyoung Yong , Patel Pankaj C.
Published: December 2020

Many studies have examined the relationship between employee ownership and firm productivity. However, research is lacking on how this relationship is strengthened or weakened by environmental characteristics. This is a critical oversight in the employee ownership literature because industry characteristics can significantly influence employees’ expected gains from their firm ownership. Thus, based on agency theory and expectancy theory, we develop a multilevel contingency model of employee ownership with industry growth and instability as boundary conditions. We test the proposed model with a sample of 573 firms in South Korea (Study 1: 1,415 firm years) and a sample of 892 firms in 28 European countries (Study 2: 4,768 firm years). In both studies, we find that employee ownership does not significantly contribute to firm productivity on its own. However, we find a significant three-way interaction effect of employee ownership, industry growth, and industry instability on firm productivity. Specifically, employee ownership is most effective at improving firm productivity when both industry growth and industry instability are high. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of the findings.
Alternate Crop Establishment Methods for Water-Saving and High Rice Productivity in North Coastal Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Rao Upendra , Murthy Ramana , Kumar Madhu , Varupula Visalakashmi , Satyanarayana N Hari , Rao S. Govinda
Published: December 2020

A field study was carried for two consecutive kharif and rabi seasons of 2013-14 and 2014-15 on farmer’s fields across 15 locations each year during kharif and 9 locations each year - during rabi in Srikakulam district, Andhra Pradesh. We tested five crop establishment methods viz., dry direct sowing using fertilizer-cum seed drill under irrigated conditions, drum seeding, systems of rice intensification (SRI), mechanized transplanting using rice 8 row yanmar transplanter, and manual transplanting. Study findings revealed that transplanting with rice planter emerged as high yielding method of establishment where the grain yield was higher by 9.21% over manual transplanting. Dry direct sowing was found to be highly profitable method of rice establishment by recording higher net returns Rs. 12596/ha compared to manual planting. Dry direct sowing and SRI proved as water productive rice establishment methods which took lesser water by 22.45% and 18.78% compared to manual transplanting during kharif. Whereas during rabi, drum seeding proved as profitable and water saving method of crop establishment in rice.
Has Production of Cotton in Maharashtra Shown Stable Growth Over the Years ?
Authors: S More Sachin , Deshmukh K. V. , Chavan R. V.
Published: December 2020

The growth and instability in area, production and yield of cotton in Maharashtra was assessed before and after introduction of Bt cotton varieties. The study aims to know the growth behavior of cotton production over the years. The contribution of area and productivity towards cotton production was measured by decomposing the cotton production series. The method proposed by Minhas and Vidhyanathan and reframed by Sharma was employed. The compound growth rate was estimated on the basis of fit using non-linear model i.e. exponential. The fitted equation was estimated using marquardt algorithms. Cuddy-Della Valle instability index was employed to estimate the instability in area, production and yield of cotton. The analysis was carried out using SAS macro available on IASRI web site with the help of SAS 9.3 software. Results revealed that, area, production and productivity of cotton were increased significantly after the introduction of Bt hybrids technology. The enhancement in productivity of cotton after the adoption of Bt hybrids technology by farmers was associated with the moderate instability. The productivity of cotton was moderately fluctuating from one year to another year. These fluctuations were also seen in cotton production. Bt cotton hybrids improved the yield and production and in some extent were also responsible for area expansion but the yield and production performance of cotton after the introduction of Bt was not stable. Enhancement in yield was the major factor responsible for improvement in cotton production in Maharashtra state compared to area.
Soil Nutritional Status of Tea Plantations in Plains of Sub Himalayan West Bengal, India
Authors: Mukherjee Mainak , Chakraborty Sourav , Sarkar Sahadeb , Saha Sumedha , Majumder Soumya , Ghosh Arindam , Bhattacharya Malay
Published: December 2020

Tea is the most consumed beverages after water. In Terai and Dooars region of sub Himalayan West Bengal, India, tea plantations are around 150 years. Exploitation of tea garden soil over centuries has led to decline in soil fertility and crop productivity after all initiatives of external inputs. As nutrients play a crucial role in quality and quantity of manufactured tea, the present initiative has been designed to quantify the soil nutrient status of tea growing Terai and Dooars region. 79.62% (Terai) and 84.72% (Dooars) of the soil samples were found to have normal pH. 47.21% (Terai) and 49.3% (Dooars) of soil samples was found to have normal organic carbon. 12.03% and 20.82% of soil from Terai and Dooars showed low total nitrogen. Both the organic carbon and nitrogen in soil are positively correlated. Phosphorus (as P2O5) content of soil is extremely site and depth specific. Almost all samples of the study area showed high potassium (as K2O) content. Monoculture, change in rainfall pattern and inorganic additives have contributed enormous stress to soil but despite of all these odds the overall nutritional richness of these tea growing regions seems to be satisfactory.
IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE DEPÓSITOS FLUVIAIS E DESCONECTIVIDADES ANTRÓPICAS NO BAIXO CURSO DO RIO UNA – PE
Authors: Da Silva Carla Suelania , Silva Wemerson Flávio da , Santos Leandro Diomério João dos , Girão Osvaldo
Published: December 2020

Houve a identificação dos tipos de depósitos fluviais existentes no baixo curso do rio Una, como também desconectividades antrópicas, uma vez que estas influenciam na configuração dos depósitos, bem como na dinâmica fluvial. Utilizou-se o primeiro estágio da proposta dos estilos fluviais (BRIERLEY e FRYIRS, 2005), relativa à categorização de confinamento de vale como fator primário da morfologia do canal, a partir disso, foi possível identificar trechos de canais onde são encontrados depósitos fluviais. Foram identificadas feições, através de imagens do PE3D e das atividades de campo, sendo realizado um mapeamento de detalhe destes depósitos. Por fim, foi localizada os principais elementos de desconectividades antrópicas presentes no baixo curso do rio Una, buscando associar como estes podem modificar a dinâmica natural do canal, obrigando-o a buscar novos níveis de base e ajustes.
TURISMO, TERRITÓRIO E URBANIZAÇÃO: UMA REANÁLISE DO CASO DO MUNICÍPIO DE ANGRA DOS REIS E DA REGIÃO TURÍSTICA DA COSTA VERDE (RJ)
Authors: Góis Marcos Paulo Ferreira de
Published: December 2020

Trata-se neste artigo de uma análise do processo histórico de territorialização do turismo no município de Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro. O objetivo central contido nas páginas a seguir foi apresentar o papel do turismo na organização do município a partir da urbanização turística e seus efeitos na política territorial local. Em consequência, se revisitou alguns problemas sociais derivados da instalação do turismo, como a criação de enclaves territoriais, a segregação socioespacial e a privatização dos espaços públicos. Os resultados derivaram de farta e contínua análise da legislação municipal em relação às observações empíricas sobre a prática do turismo em Angra dos Reis nos últimos dez anos.
A CONDIÇÃO EVANGÉLICA DA GLOBALIZAÇÃO E A ESTRATÉGIA POLÍTICO-ESPACIAL DA UNIVERSAL DO REINO DE DEUS
Authors: Machado Mônica Sampaio , De Abreu Gustavo Luiz Xavier
Published: December 2020

O objetivo deste texto é refletir sobre a expressão do pentecostalismo protestante a partir do Brasil. Tem-se como hipótese que o pentecostalismo é uma manifestação social americana, associada às qualidades espaciais da atual globalização, condicionada pela urbanização generalizada. Uma globalização que foi se intensificando no final do século XX, a partir da América e do seu modelo capitalista. Sustentado na hiperprodução de necessidades e mercadorias que transbordam o consumo, esse modelo americano dilatou a urbanização por todos os lados e difundiu valores e comportamentos empreendedores de forma surpreendente, principalmente pela imposição da desregulamentação da economia e do trabalho. Organizado em três partes, este artigo inicialmente apresenta algumas referências conceituais sobre a atual globalização associando-a à urbanização. Em seguida, são apresentados dados sobre o urbano na atualidade para localizar o Brasil nesse contexto. A terceira parte é dedicada ao protestantismo pentecostal, sobretudo ao estudo da dinâmica espacial de uma de suas ramificações, a igreja neopentecostal Universal do Reino de Deus, uma criação eminentemente brasileira que, nascida do subúrbio carioca, em 1977, se estendeu para o mundo. Misturando fé e política e associando formas e estratégias de difusão tradicionais e modernas, a Universal é um excelente exemplo dessas novas manifestações sociais da globalização aos moldes americanos.
Alignment of the hindfoot in total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review of clinical and radiological outcomes
Authors: Burssens Arne , De Roos Dries , Barg Alexej , Welck Matt J. , Krähenbühl Nicola , Saltzman Charles L. , Victor Jan
Published: December 2020

Aims

Patients with a deformity of the hindfoot present a particular challenge when performing total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The literature contains little information about the relationship between TKA and hindfoot alignment. This systematic review aimed to determine from both clinical and radiological studies whether TKA would alter a preoperative hindfoot deformity and whether the outcome of TKA is affected by the presence of a postoperative hindfoot deformity.

Methods

A systematic literature search was performed in the databases PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Search terms consisted of “total knee arthroplasty/replacement” combined with “hindfoot/ankle alignment”. Inclusion criteria were all English language studies analyzing the association between TKA and the alignment of the hindfoot, including the clinical or radiological outcomes. Exclusion criteria consisted of TKA performed with a concomitant extra-articular osteotomy and case reports or expert opinions. An assessment of quality was conducted using the modified Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS). The review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42019106980).

Results

A total of 17 studies were found to be eligible for review. They included six prospective and ten retrospective studies, and one case-control study. The effects of TKA showed a clinical improvement in the hindfoot deformity in three studies, but did not if there was osteoarthritis (OA) of the ankle (one study) or a persistent deformity of the knee (one study). The radiological alignment of the hindfoot corrected in 11 studies, but did not in the presence of a rigid hindfoot varus deformity (in two studies). The effects of a hindfoot deformity on TKA included a clinical association with instability of the knee in one study, and a shift in the radiological weightbearing axis in two studies. The mean MINORS score was 9.4 out of 16 (7 to 12).

Conclusion

TKA improves both the function and alignment of the hindfoot in patients with a preoperative deformity of the hindfoot. This may not apply if there is a persistent deformity of the knee, a rigid hindfoot varus deformity, or OA of the ankle. Moreover, a persistent deformity of the hindfoot may adversely affect the stability and longevity of a TKA. These findings should be interpreted with caution due to the moderate methodological quality of the studies which were included. Therefore, further prospective studies are needed in order to determine at which stage correction of a hindfoot deformity is required to optimize the outcome of a TKA. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(1):87–97.
Optimizing culture methods according to preoperative mNGS results can improve joint infection diagnosis
Authors: Fang Xinyu , Cai Yuanqing , Mei Jian , Huang Zida , Zhang Chaofan , Yang Bin , Li Wenbo , Zhang Wenming
Published: December 2020

Aims

Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) is useful in the diagnosis of infectious disease. However, while it is highly sensitive at identifying bacteria, it does not provide information on the sensitivity of the organisms to antibiotics. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the results of mNGS can be used to guide optimization of culture methods to improve the sensitivity of culture from intraoperative samples.

Methods

Between July 2014 and October 2019, patients with suspected joint infection (JI) from whom synovial fluid (SF) was obtained preoperatively were enrolled. Preoperative aspirated SF was analyzed by conventional microbial culture and mNGS. In addition to samples taken for conventional microbial culture, some samples were taken for intraoperative culture to optimize the culture method according to the preoperative mNGS results. The demographic characteristics, medical history, laboratory examination, mNGS, and culture results of the patients were recorded, and the possibility of the optimized culture methods improving diagnostic efficiency was evaluated.

Results

A total of 56 cases were included in this study. There were 35 cases of JI and 21 cases of non-joint infection (NJI). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of intraoperative microbial culture after optimization of the culture method were 94.29%, 76.19%, and 87.5%, respectively, while those of the conventional microbial culture method were 60%, 80.95%, and 67.86%, respectively.

Conclusion

Preoperative aspirated SF detected via mNGS can provide more aetiological information than preoperative culture, which can guide the optimization and improve the sensitivity of intraoperative culture. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(1):39–45.
What is the role of cemented fixation in total knee arthroplasty? The two-year results of a randomized RSA controlled trial
Authors: van Ooij Bas , Sierevelt Inger N. , van der Vis Harm M. , Hoornenborg Daniël , Haverkamp Daniël
Published: December 2020

Aims

For many designs of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) it remains unclear whether cemented or uncemented fixation provides optimal long-term survival. The main limitation in most studies is a retrospective or non-comparative study design. The same is true for comparative trials looking only at the survival rate as extensive sample sizes are needed to detect true differences in fixation and durability. Studies using radiostereometric analysis (RSA) techniques have shown to be highly predictive in detecting late occurring aseptic loosening at an early stage. To investigate the difference in predicted long-term survival between cemented, uncemented, and hybrid fixation of TKA, we performed a randomized controlled trial using RSA.

Methods

A total of 105 patients were randomized into three groups (cemented, uncemented, and hybrid fixation of the ACS Mobile Bearing (ACS MB) knee system, implantcast). RSA examinations were performed on the first day after surgery and at scheduled follow-up visits at three months, six months, one year, and two years postoperatively. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were obtained preoperatively and after two years follow-up. Patients and follow-up investigators were blinded for the result of randomization.

Results

RSA secondary stabilization did not show a significant difference between the three types of fixation. A maximum total point motion of less than 0.2 mm in the second postoperative year was shown in each group, which suggests stabilization of the implant. At 24 months after surgery, PROMs significantly improved compared to baseline in all treatment groups. No significant difference was observed between the three groups.

Conclusion

Secondary stabilization measurements in this study demonstrated no significant difference between the groups. In all groups migration stabilized after initial settling of the implant. For this implant the long-term outcome is not expected to be influenced by the type of fixation to the bone. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(1):98–104.
Impact of comorbidities on the safety and effectiveness of hip and knee arthroplasty surgery
Authors: Podmore Bélène , Hutchings Andrew , Skinner John A. , MacGregor Alexander J. , van der Meulen Jan
Published: December 2020

Aims

Access to joint replacement is being restricted for patients with comorbidities in a number of high-income countries. However, there is little evidence on the impact of comorbidities on outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine the safety and effectiveness of hip and knee arthroplasty in patients with and without comorbidities.

Methods

In total, 312,079 hip arthroplasty and 328,753 knee arthroplasty patients were included. A total of 11 common comorbidities were identified in administrative hospital records. Safety risks were measured by assessing length of hospital stay (LOS) and 30-day emergency readmissions and mortality. Effectiveness outcomes were changes in Oxford Hip or Knee Scores (OHS/OKS) (scale from 0 (worst) to 48 (best)) and in health-related quality of life (EQ-5D) (scale from 0 (death) to 1 (full health)) from immediately before, to six months after, surgery. Regression analysis was used to estimate adjusted mean differences (LOS, change in OHS/OKS/EQ-5D) and risk differences (readmissions and mortality).

Results

Patients with comorbidities had a longer LOS and higher readmission and mortality rates than patients without. In hip arthroplasty patients with heart disease, for example, LOS was 1.20 days (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15 to 1.25) longer and readmission rate was 1.52% (95% CI 1.34% to 1.71%) and mortality 0.19% (95% CI 0.15% to 0.23%) higher. Similar patterns were observed for knee arthroplasty patients. Patients without comorbidities reported large improvements in function (mean improvement OHS 21.3 (SD 9.91) and OKS 15.9 (SD 10.0)). Patients with comorbidities reported only slightly smaller improvements. In patients with heart disease, mean improvement in OHS was 0.39 (95% CI 0.27 to 0.51) and in OKS 0.56 (95% CI 0.45 to 0.67) less than in patients without comorbidities. There were no significant differences in EQ-5D improvement.

Conclusion

Comorbidities were associated with small increases in adverse safety risks but they have little impact on pain or function in patients undergoing hip or knee arthroplasty. These results do not support restricting access to hip and knee arthroplasty for patients with common comorbidities. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(1):56–64.
Poor nutritional status correlates with mortality and worse postoperative outcomes in patients with femoral neck fractures
Authors: O'Leary Lawrence , Jayatilaka Lara , Leader Ross , Fountain James
Published: December 2020

Aims

Patients who sustain neck of femur fractures are at high risk of malnutrition. Our intention was to assess to what extent malnutrition was associated with worse patient outcomes.

Methods

A total of 1,199 patients with femoral neck fractures presented to a large UK teaching hospital over a three-year period. All patients had nutritional assessments performed using the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST). Malnutrition risk was compared to mortality, length of hospital stay, and discharge destination using logistic regression. Adjustments were made for covariates to identify whether malnutrition risk independently affected these outcomes.

Results

Inpatient mortality was 5.2% (35/678) in the group at low risk of malnutrition, 11.3% (46/408) in the medium-risk group, and 17.7% (20/113) in the high-risk group. Multivariate analysis showed each categorical increase in malnutrition risk independently predicted inpatient mortality with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.59 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14 to 2.21; p = 0.006). An increased mortality rate persisted at 120 days post-injury (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.20 to 2.22; p = 0.002). There was a stepwise increase in the proportion of patients discharged to a residence offering a greater level of supported living. Multivariate analysis produced an OR of 1.34 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.75; p = 0.030) for each category of MUST score. Median length of hospital stay increased with a worse MUST score: 13.9 days (interquartile range (IQR) 8.2 to 23.8) in the low-risk group; 16.6 days (IQR 9.0 to 31.5) in the medium-risk group; and 22.8 days (IQR 10.1 to 41.1) in the high-risk group. Adjustment for covariates revealed a partial correlation coefficient of 0.072 (p = 0.008).

Conclusion

A higher risk of malnutrition independently predicted increased mortality, length of hospital stay, and discharge to a residence offering greater supported living after femoral neck fracture. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(1):164–169.
The surgical treatment of severe Scheuermann’s kyphosis
Authors: Tsirikos Athanasios I. , Carter Thomas Henry
Published: December 2020

Aims

To report the surgical outcome of patients with severe Scheuermann’s kyphosis treated using a consistent technique and perioperative management.

Methods

We reviewed 88 consecutive patients with a severe Scheuermann's kyphosis who had undergone posterior spinal fusion with closing wedge osteotomies and hybrid instrumentation. There were 55 males and 33 females with a mean age of 15.9 years (12.0 to 24.7) at the time of surgery. We recorded their demographics, spinopelvic parameters, surgical correction, and perioperative data, and assessed the impact of surgical complications on outcome using the Scoliosis Research Society (SRS)-22 questionnaire.

Results

The mean follow-up was 8.4 years (2 to 14.9). There were 85 patients (96.6%) with a thoracic deformity. Posterior spinal fusion with closing-wedge osteotomies and hybrid instrumentation was used in 86 patients; two patients underwent combined anterior and posterior spinal fusion. The mean kyphosis was corrected from 94.5° to 47.5° (p < 0.001). Coronal and sagittal balance returned to normal. The rate of complications was 12.5%: there were no neurological deficits, implant failure, or revision surgery. SRS-22 scores improved from a mean 3.6 (1.3 to 4.1) to 4.6 (4.2 to 5.0) at two years (p < 0.001) with a high rate of patient satisfaction. Non-smokers and patients with lower preoperative SRS-22 scores showed greater improvement in their quality of life. Sagittal pelvic balance did not change after correction of the kyphosis and correlated with lumbar lordosis but not with thoracic or thoracolumbar kyphosis.

Conclusion

Posterior spinal fusion using hybrid instrumentation, closing-wedge osteotomies, and iliac bone grafting achieves satisfactory correction of a severe kyphosis resulting in improvements in physical and mental health and a high degree of patient-reported satisfaction. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(1):148–156.