bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multitemporal UAV LiDAR detects seasonal heave and subsidence on palsas
Authors: Renette Cas , Olvmo Mats , Thorsson Sofia , Holmer Björn , Reese Heather
Published: March 2024

Abstract. In the context of the accelerating impacts of climate change on permafrost landscapes, we use Unpiloted Aerial Vehicle (UAV) LiDAR technology to investigate seasonal terrain changes in palsas – mounds of frozen peat – since other remote sensing methods have struggled to capture the full dynamics of these landforms. We investigated two palsas (4–5 m in height) in Sweden's largest palsa mire complex, where we performed five field campaigns between September 2022 and September 2023 to track intra-annual frost heave and thaw subsidence. Our approach allowed us to create digital terrain models (DTMs) from high density point clouds (>1,000 points/m²) and analyze elevation changes over time. We found that both palsas heaved on average 0.15 m (and up to 0.30 m) from September to April and subsided back to their height from the previous year, or slightly below, over the course of the following summer. At one of the palsas, we observed notable lateral degradation over the study period in a 300 m2 area, with 0.5–2.0 m height loss, likely initiated during the preceding warm and wet summer months. Part of this degradation occurred between September 2022 and April 2023, suggesting that the degradation of these palsas is not limited to the summer months. Our study shows the substantial value of using UAV LiDAR for understanding how permafrost areas are changing. It helps in tracking the ongoing effects of climate change and highlights palsa dynamics that would not be captured by annual measurements alone.
Structured exploration of machine learning model complexity for spatio-temporal forecasting of urban flooding
Authors: Agonafir Candace , Zheng Tian
Published: March 2024

Abstract. Urban flooding may lead to significant socio-economic impacts and loss of life. To afford preventative actions, researchers have implemented various modeling techniques to gain insight into urban flood occurrences. Using New York City (NYC) as the study area, data-driven techniques, specifically statistical and neural network models with increasing spatio-temporal complexity, are formulated and tested, assessing the potential relative contribution of different modeling constructs. Zones, based on flood characteristics, are first delineated using the unsupervised machine learning technique of spectral clustering. Then, the models are applied to each cluster, with comprehensive performance evaluation, as to understand which algorithmic, structural aspects contribute to the reduction of prediction errors. A chief discovery of this study is the emergence of the Graph Wavenet (GWN) as the most effective model due to its proficiency in capturing spatio-temporal aspects and implementing dynamic graph creation. Furthermore, it is seen that the enhancement of specific temporal and spatial components within a modeling technique proves beneficial, and a novel adoption of graph-based architectures is additive. Offering a unique exploration of spatio-temporal aspects, emphasizing the benefits of component enhancement and the adoption of graph-based architectures, this paper identifies modification techniques, which would allow for insights to prevail in urban flood modeling despite being confronted with limited data availability.
Improved Mean Field Estimates of GEMS AOD L3 Product: Using Spatio-temporal Variability
Authors: Kim Sooyon , Cho Yeseul , Ki Hanjeong , Park Seyoung , Oh Dagun , Lee Seungjun , Cho Yeonghye , Kim Jhoon , Lee Wonjin , Park Jaewoo , Jin Ick Hoon , Kang Sangwook
Published: March 2024

Abstract. This study presents advancements in the processing of satellite remote sensing data, focusing mainly on Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) retrievals from the Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS). The transformation of Level 2 (L2) data, which includes atmospheric state retrievals, into higher-quality Level 3 (L3) data is crucial in remote sensing. Our contributions lie in two novel improvements to the processing algorithm. First, we improve the inverse distance weighting algorithm by incorporating quality flag information into the weight calculation. By assigning weights inversely proportional to the number of unreliable grids, the method can provide more accurate L3 products. We validate this approach through simulation studies and apply it to GEMS AOD data across various regions and wavelengths. The use of the quality flags in the algorithm can provide a more accurate analysis in remote sensing. Second, we employ a spatio-temporal merging method to address both spatial and temporal variability in AOD data, a departure from previous approaches that solely focused on spatial variability. Our method considers temporal variations spanning previous time intervals. Furthermore, the computed mean fields show similar spatio-temporal patterns to the previous studies, confirming that they can capture real-world phenomena. Lastly, utilizing this procedure, we compute the mean field estimates for GEMS AOD data, which can provide a deeper understanding of the impact of aerosols on climate change and public health.
Surface density fluxes and water mass transformation over global oceans from reanalysis and climate models
Authors: Kukushkin Vladimir , Gulev Sergey , Markina Margarita
Published: March 2024

We analyze interannual and seasonal variability of surface density fluxes and water mass transformation rates over the global oceans for 1979-2018 using data from CFSR reanalysis and historical simulations by climate models. By analyzing density fluxes we quantify the the effect of surface heat and mass fluxes onto the formation of surface waters in the World Ocean. First, by using net fluxes from CFSR reanalysis we derive global climatology of surface density flux and further integrate it for density classes and T,S-classes, providing global and regional view of surface water mass transformation and its variability in space and in time. We precisely looked onto the role of salinity and sea ice formation in the density flux during the winter period. On average, the contribution of salinity to sea ice formation results in the differences of 9% in the density flux with the maximum effect of 12% identified in 1989. Interdecadal variability in surface transformation of the subpolar modal water and Labrador Sea waters shows opposite tendencies for the last decades. Then we analyze historical experiments from CMIP6 model ensemble and compare characteristics of surface water mass transformation with those revealed from reanalysis. We conclude that surface density fluxes and transformation rates derived from INM, MPI and MIROC are stronger compared to those diagnosed by CFSR with the largest differences identified over the Gulf Stream and the North Atlantic Current. For the same models we derive projections of surface density fluxes and surface water mass transformation for 2100 under ssp126, ssp370 and ssp585 scenarios. For all SSP scenarios, computations show a decrease in the magnitude of surface water mass transformation by the end of the century.
Enhancing generalizability of data-driven urban flood models by incorporating contextual information
Authors: Cache Tabea , Gomez Milton Salvador , Beucler Tom , Blagojevic Jovan , Leitao João Paulo , Peleg Nadav
Published: March 2024

Abstract. Fast urban pluvial flood models are necessary for a range of applications, such as near real-time flood nowcasting or processing large rainfall ensembles for uncertainty analysis. Data-driven models can help overcome the long computational time of traditional flood simulation models, and the state-of-the-art models have shown promising accuracy. Yet the lack of generalizability of urban pluvial flood data-driven models to both terrain and rainfall events still limits their application. These models usually adopt a patch-based framework to overcome multiple bottlenecks, such as data availability and computational and memory constraints. However, this approach does not incorporate contextual information of the terrain surrounding the small image patch (typically 256 m x 256 m). We propose a new deep-learning model that maintains the high-resolution information of the local patch and incorporates a larger context to increase the visual field of the model with the aim of enhancing the generalizability of urban pluvial flood data-driven models. We trained and tested the model in the city of Zurich (Switzerland), at a spatial resolution of 1 m, for 1-hour rainfall events at 5 min temporal resolution. We demonstrate that our model can faithfully represent flood depths for a wide range of rainfall events, with peak rainfall intensities ranging from 42.5 mm h-1 to 161.4 mm h-1. Then, we assessed the model’s terrain generalizability in distinct urban settings, namely Luzern (Switzerland) and Singapore. The model accurately identifies locations of water accumulation, which constitutes an improvement compared to other deep-learning models. Using transfer learning, the model was successfully retrained in the new cities, requiring only a single rainfall event to adapt the model to new terrains while preserving adaptability across diverse rainfall conditions. Our results indicate that by incorporating contextual terrain information into the local patches, our proposed model effectively generates high-resolution urban pluvial flood maps, demonstrating applicability across varied terrains and rainfall events.
الانصهار العضوي الثلاثي الأبعاد، الميثاق، الفطرة، والمقاصد
Authors: Bouhanneche Noura
Published: March 2024

تجتمع الغاية من نشوء علم الفقه في تأسيس هندسة أداتية تتكفل بالصياغة انضباطية للسلوك الإنساني، لتحقق بذلك مقاصد قانونية وأخلاقية، تحافظ بها على الماهية الأخلاقية للإنسان. عند تحليل السياق المعرفي والمنهجي لعلم الفقه، تنكشف بنيته النسقية بحضور المرجعية الكفيلة بالمشروعية، ونعني به الميثاق بأسلوبه التبليغي ثم التطبيقي وقد تكفلت به كيفا السنة النبوية. ففي إطار الميثاق يوازن الفقيه بين الحدث الطارئ على التجربة الوجودية، ثم القانون المرجعي للشريعة، ليستخرج حكما، له دوره في بناء الوضع الانضباطي للسلوك الإنساني، وهي العملية الإجرائية ذاتها التي يؤسس لها الأخلاقي في إطار الأخلاق التطبيقية بمرجعية علمانية وأداة عقلانية ذات صبغة آلية. تسود الظرف الإنساني الراهن بلبلة معيارية أصابت البشرية بالصمم القيمي والمعياري، وهي بذلك تشبه تلك التي أصابتهم عند برج بابل، إذ انتقل عدم الفهم من اللغة إلى المعايير الأخلاقية، بحيث اندثر الفهم الضمني في معرفة المعايير الأخلاقية، بعدما هيمنت العدمية والضبابية على الوجهة الوجودية للإنسانية، دليل ذلك التشتت المرجعي والاندثار القيمي الذي دفع للبحث عن حقل فلسفي لإعادة صياغة الأخلاقية، فالأزمة المحيطة هي أزمة أخلاقية بامتياز، ليكون دور الفلسفة إعادة فتحٍ للملف الإيتيقي نظرا واستخبارا. في هذا السياق تكون لعلم الفقه -بوصفه عطاء إسلاميا- الجدارة، لوعي أخلاقي انضباطي يعيد شد الرخاوة المهتزة للأخلاقية الراهنة، وإعادة النظر المقاصدي في الظرف الإنساني الراهن.
قراءة في كتاب التأسيس الائتماني لعلم المقاصد
Authors: الحسني إسماعيل
Published: March 2024

-
مقاصد الشريعة والاجتهاد
Authors: Kamali Mohammad Hashim , Eriouiche Mohammed , Mohadi Mawloud
Published: March 2024

يسعى هذا المقال إلى تطوير إطار للتجديد الحضاري، قائمٍ على مقاصد الشريعة، وهو منظور واسع وجذاب يتضمن أيضًا مراجعة وإعادة تقييم منهجية للفقه الإسلامي في شقه المتعلق بعلم المقاصد. ويرى المؤلف أن هذا من شأنه أن يمكن المسلمين من توسيع نطاق وأفق مقاصد الشريعة الإسلامية نحو منظور نهضوي حضاري.
A Gleam of the Gone NEP? The Japanese Oil Concession on Sakhalin (1925-1944)
Authors:   National Research University «Higher School of Economics», Melnik Denis , Kholdevich Daria ,   Far Eastern Federal University
Published: March 2024

One of the well-established concepts in the understanding of the Soviet period is the consideration of its initial stage in relation to the implementation of the new economic policy (NEP) and the subsequent departure from it. That was reflected in the analysis of the experience of foreign concessions of the 1920s. It is consistently regarded as one of the elements of the NEP. In this article, we proceed from the fact that this concept is a hypothesis that requires verification. To this end, the first section provides a brief overview of the historiography of Soviet concessions. In the second section, the Soviet concession practice in the Far East is placed in the broader context of relations between Russia and Japan. In the third section, based on published and archived data, the main problems in the activities of the Japanese oil concession are considered. The fourth section attempts to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the desired and achieved results of its activities for both parties. In conclusion, two main theoretical conclusions are given. Firstly, the hypothesis according to which the beginning of the concessions was laid by the transition to the NEP, and the end — by its curtailment (due, in turn, to political factors) does not find unambiguous confirmation on the basis of the data considered and needs further verification. Based on this, it can be assumed that the focus on NEP to makes it difficult to analyze the Soviet concession experience. Secondly, concession enterprises for the development of mineral resources in the Far East arose on the basis of the existing balance of power between states. Their functioning, therefore, initially depended on maintaining this balance to a greater extent than on economic efficiency indicators for both sides. This conclusion seems to have more than just historical significance.
Cognitive Warfare: Social Control, Meaning-Making and the Instrument of the Global Dominance. Part 1
Authors:   National Research University «Higher School of Economics», Medushevskiy Andrei
Published: March 2024

Cognitive warfare becomes one of the most important element of the current debates on war and peace in the globalizing society. What is cognition and how it could be transform into one of the ways of war? Is it really a principally new type of war, or just a variety of a hybrid war, as combined informational, economic and political domains with conventional tools of military activities? And how we can evaluate conducting weaponization of brain sciences in terms of its potential impact on economy, society, political regimes legitimacy in process of the global competition over resources, power and dominance? The author looks forward to answer these questions by careful analysis of the real sense of the cognitive warfare concept, the complex of brain-manipulation technologies, and their practical role in current and future military conflicts.
Interdisciplinary Research and Mixed Methods: Perspectives and Limitations
Authors:   Freie Universität, Libman Alexander
Published: March 2024

Contemporary scientific community declares interdisciplinarity to be one of its primary goals. Within individual scholarly disciplines (in particular political science) researchers welcome a combination of different methodological approaches within a mixed methods framework. How productive are, however, interdisciplinary studies in reality? Are they able to achieve scientific progress? This paper offers a critical evaluation of perspectives of interdisciplinary research and mixed methods, identifying conditions for their success.
A LEI DE DIREITOS AUTORAIS E AS OBRAS GERADAS POR INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL
Authors: Barros Ana Maria Dinardi Barbosa
Published: March 2024

O presente trabalho objetiva analisar os direitos autorais de textos intelectuais criados a partir da Inteligência Artificial. Para cumprir tal objetivo, buscou-se analisar o que é Inteligência Artificial e como ela funciona, analisou-se a Lei nº 9.610/98, partindo de seus principais aspectos, trabalhando, principalmente a questão de como se identifica o autor de uma obra. A partir dessas constatações, buscou-se entender como se atribui a autoria e a proteção autoral em textos geradas por IA. Verificou-se se na lei de direitos autorais brasileira existe a possibilidade de se atribuir autoria a um texto produzido por IA. A partir do método dedutivo, pode-se entender, juridicamente, a impossibilidade de uma IA ser titular de autoria de texto intelectual perante a lei de direitos autorais vigente, trazendo o domínio público como uma alternativa capaz de fornecer respostas significativas aos dilemas jurídicos que cercam essas produções.
Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran Pada Mata Kuliah Kimia Fisika Berdasarkan Kurikulum KKNI
Authors: Yudha Sandy
Published: March 2024

Perangkat pembelajaran merupakan salah satu faktor penting dalam mempengaruhi keberhasilan pembelajaran terutama diperguruan tinggi. Dengan meningkatkan kualitas perangkat pembelajaran, maka dapat memudahkan mahasiswa dalam memahami materi termasuk materi pembelajaran kimia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan perangkat pembelajaran berupa Rencana Pembelajaran Semester (RPS) dan Modul Pembelajaran sesuai kurikulum kerangka kualifikasi nasional indonesia (KKNI). Pengembangan ini dilakukan pada mata kuliah kimia fisika di jurusan Teknik kimia Universitas Bung Hatta (UBH). Penelitian ini menggunakan model penelitian pengembangan model 4-D, namun pada penelitian ini hanya sampai pada 3 tahap yaitu tahap pendefinisian, tahap perancangan, dan tahap pengembangan. Validator yang terlibat pada penelitian ini adalah validator ahli pengembangan dan ahli materi. Hasil validasi perangkat pembelajaran diperoleh nilai rata-rata kedua perangkat adalah 3,79 (kriteria sangat layak). Hal ini berarti perangkat pembelajaran yang dibuat sudah sesuai dengan kerangka kualifikasi nasional Indonesia
Pengaruh Pemberian Permainan Figjig Dan Puzzle Terhadap Perilaku Kemalasan Sosial Pada Mahasiswa
Authors: Baroroh Ema Zati , Saruni Saruni
Published: March 2024

Mahasiswa merupakan bagian dari makhluk sosial yang memiliki tanggungjawab dan kewajiban salah satunya mengerjakan tugas kelompok. Hambatan yang dapat menganggu kinerja kelompok jika terjadi social loafing.  Penelitian ini menggunakan kuantitatif deskriptif dengan memberikan perlakuan 2 Kelompok mahasiswa diberikan dua permainan jenis yaitu figjig dan puzzle. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui perilaku social loafing yang terjadi ketika diberikan dua bentuk permainan tersebut kepada mahasiswa. Hipotesis yang diajukan yaitu terdapat pengaruh pemberian dua bentuk permainan terhadap perilaku kemalasan sosial pada kelompok mahasiswa. Kriteria pemilihan subjek penelitian pada penelitian ini menggunakan teknik random sampling (probability sampling). Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode observasi non-participant dengan setting alami. Hasil penelitian ini menujukan bahwa terjadi perilaku social loafing pada dua permainan yang diberikan kepada kelompok mahasiswa.   Berbagai temuan, keterbatasan dan saran perbaikan penelitian untuk kedepannya juga didiskusikan.
Advancements and Barriers in Teledentistry: Navigating in the Post-COVID Era
Authors: Ribeiro Junior Howard Lopes
Published: March 2024

Teledentistry has experienced a notable surge in popularity, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, as it offers a safer alternative for dental consultations, reducing contagion risks while maintaining access to care. Initially, teleconsultations began with online triage, evolving into a critical component of dental care during the pandemic. Studies show positive reception among dentists and patients, appreciating teledentistry's convenience and effectiveness. Despite pre-pandemic low engagement, the pandemic era witnessed a significant rise in teledentistry's awareness and usage among dentists, suggesting a paradigm shift in dental practices. Research underscores teledentistry's potential as a long-term tool, particularly beneficial for remote or underserved areas, offering services like triage, consultations, and follow-ups. A systematic review emphasized its effectiveness, cost-efficiency, and potential integration into routine health services. Teledentistry's validity is supported by findings that it can be comparable to in-person interactions, especially in specific settings like school-based programs and rural areas. However, teledentistry's adoption faces challenges, including billing, administrative concerns, and effectiveness skepticism among some dental professionals. Factors influencing adoption include performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and social influence. A multifaceted approach addressing barriers at individual, community, organizational, and policy levels is essential for broader acceptance and integration into mainstream oral health systems. Despite these hurdles, a growing number of dentists are integrating teledentistry, motivated by patient convenience, the pandemic's impact, and accessibility. Nonetheless, concerns about reimbursement persist as significant barriers. Understanding stakeholders' diverse motivations and values is crucial for encouraging teledentistry's successful adoption. While it cannot replace all in-person dental care aspects, teledentistry has become an essential tool in the dental industry, enhancing access and offering a safer consultation alternative during and potentially beyond the pandemic.
Surrogacy: Between Islam and European Secularism A Comparative Study
Authors: Dr. Mohammad Numan Hassan
Published: March 2024

Medical sciences have made many developments in the field of modern procreation, using modern methods that help with artificial insemination, so surrogacy or renting wombs is one of the discoveries of contemporary medical sciences. It is an alternative to carrying the fertilized egg instead of the biological mother. And here we are now in this regard on the comparative approach to surrogacy from the point of view of Islam and Western secularism about an equal and non-measurable relationship. Both are dedicated to the well-being of the mother, child and society, but the methods are not always the same. Islamic bioethics is clear in banning surrogacy by highlighting the problem of lineage and the social chaos that causes other problems. Western bioethics is relatively secular and often takes a practical approach.
Advances in Bioremediation: A Prospective Approach for Green Food Waste Management
Authors: Kiran Mustafa  , Fakhr-Un-Nisa  , Dua Maryam
Published: March 2024

Fruit and vegetable industries' wastes consist of various by-products with an acidic pH, sodium, and a moisture content of 80–90%. These attributes of food waste lead to the destruction of soil and help in the generation of greenhouse gases. Different waste management techniques, such as slurry phase decomposition, extraction, thermal treatment, and bioremediation, are used for food waste management. Among these bioremediations is the most effective technique owing to low expenditure, minimal operational costs and almost no harmful environmental effects. It converts toxic contaminants emerging from various food industries into valuable components. A complete bioremediation protocol reduces, degrades, detoxifies, mineralizes or may convert more hazardous pollutants into less harmful pollutants. This review will discuss a general outlook on bioremediation followed by its applications in the management of various food industries. A comprehensive discussion of the advantages and limitations of the techniques will also be covered.
The Concept of Government Treasurer: Indonesia Case Study
Authors: Sumantri Joko , Fuady Muhammad Syahrul
Published: March 2024

The determination of the functional position of treasurer which combines the duties of the treasurer with the Commitment-Making Officer (PPK) and Payment Instruction Signing Officer (PPSPM) has blurred the function of "comptable" as part of the duties of the CFO (Chief Financial Officer) and "ordonateur" as part of the duties of COO (Chief Operational Officer). This paper seeks to answer research questions about how the functional position of treasurer should be defined so that it is in accordance with the intent of the State Treasury Law, the nature of the position, the order of professional responsibilities, and the family of positions. So that the position of treasurer becomes more in line with best treasury management practices. This research was conducted in the realm of financial management of the Indonesian state budget. By using qualitative descriptive research methods, we found that: the nature of the treasurer's work is expertise and independence, has extensive knowledge in the field of state financial management, behaves professionally, according to the law is responsible to the CFO, and the treasurer's field of duties needs to be made broader so that larger workload. The implications of this research are that the position of treasurer is more in line with the intent of the state treasury law, the scope of his duties adopts best practice treasury management, the nature of the work is more focused, and his career development is not hampered.
The Influence of Motivation, Work Environment, and Competency on Employee Job Satisfaction at PT PLN (Persero) Bali Transmission Implementing Unit
Authors: Mantrawan I Gusti Ngurah Puja , Rahmawati Putu Indah , Sinarwati Ni Kadek
Published: March 2024

Increasing employee job satisfaction has a positive impact on company productivity and performance. PT PLN (Persero) Transmission, a leading company in the energy sector, pays special attention to the factors that influence employee job satisfaction, especially motivation, work environment and competence. This research aims to analyze the influence of motivation, work environment, and competence on employee job satisfaction at PT PLN (Persero) Bali Transmission implementation unit. The population the researchers used was all permanent PT PLN (Persero) Bali Transmission Implementation Unit employees. The population in this study was 142 people who met the criteria as permanent employees of the Company, and by using the census method in selecting the sample, the research sample also numbered 142 people. Multiple linear regression analysis is applied to describe the influence of the independent variable on the dependent variable with the help of SPSS. The results of this research show that motivation, work environment, and work competence positively affect employee job satisfaction at PT PLN (Persero) Bali Transmission Implementation Unit. This means that the better the motivation, work environment and work competence simultaneously, the more job satisfaction at PT PLN Transmisi Bali will increase. This research provides implications for companies regarding employee job satisfaction and things that must be paid attention to and improved to maximize employee job satisfaction.
Public Relations Communication Strategies in Building Consumer Branding: Analysis of Unilever Company
Authors: Hermanses Bintang , Jove Balqis Tiara , Lukitasari Mutia Wella
Published: March 2024

This article examines the Public Relations (PR) communication strategies employed by Unilever in building and maintaining a strong consumer branding. The study aims to understand how Unilever integrates PR communication strategies and adapts to the digital and social media era to create positive relationships with consumers. The research follows a qualitative approach, utilizing data collection techniques such as market research and consumer trend analysis and  utilized a systematic Literature Review (SLR) method. The analysis reveals that Unilever emphasizes transparency, honesty, and consistency in their brand messages and values. They actively engage with consumers through social and environmental initiatives, creating a responsible and caring brand image. The results demonstrate that Unilever's PR strategies have successfully built a strong consumer branding and generated sustainable customer loyalty. The findings have implications for companies seeking to establish a positive and sustainable brand image in a competitive global market.
Implementing Group Investigation (GI) Learning Method to improve the Students’ Learning Achievement of Senior High School
Authors: Megawati Nurcaya
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this study is to use the group investigation (GI) learning model to increase the learning success of class X Language SMA Negeri 2 Rejang Lebong on the subject of consumption and investment. This study is called classroom action research (CAR). This study was carried out at SMA Negeri 2 Rejang Lebong. For the 2018-2019 academic year, the research subjects were 28 class X Language students. This study was carried out during March and April of 2019. In this study, three approaches were employed to collect data: the test method, the observation method, and the documentation method. Following the collection of data, it is analyzed using a descriptive percentage approach. According to the findings of this study, student success climbed from 21.42% to 71.43% in Cycle I and then again to 85.19% in Cycle II. This rise has an impact on the rise in learning achievement. This is reflected in the rising average value of students. The average student score climbed from 67.71 with a percentage of student learning completeness of 21.42% in the pre-cycle to 77.43 with a percentage of student learning completeness of 71.43% in cycle I and 85.44 with an 85.19% completeness in cycle II. As a result, it is possible to conclude that using the group inquiry (GI) learning approach can increase student success in economic courses.
PASHTO TRANSLATION, VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF LEEDS ASSESSMENT OF NEUROPATHIC SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS (LANSS) IN SPINAL CORD INJURY PATIENTS
Authors: Khan Habib , Baig Mirza Obaid , Obaid Sumaiyah , Haleem Muhammad Hamad
Published: March 2024

Objective: The aim pf this study was to translate to translate English version of Leeds assessment of Neuropathic symptoms and signs (LANSS) pain scale into Pashto language and to determine the validity and reliability of Pashto version of LANSS pain scale in spinal cord injury patients.
Material & Methods: LANSS was translated from original language into Pashto and then back translated to English. It was reviewed by ten physical therapy experts for face and content validity. The scores of the Pashto version of the LANSS were studied in a sample of 113 spinal cord injury patients having pain from Pashto speaking region, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Comparison between Pashto LANSS and DN4 Questionnaire score was done to check for concurrent validity. Intra-class correlation coefficient, Cohen’s kappa agreement and internal consistency were estimated to check the reliability of Pashto version of LANSS.
Results: For a p-value of <0.01, the overall mean score of Pashto-LANSS was higher in patients suffering from neuropathic pain. The ICC score for Pashto-LANSS was 0.76, kappa value 0.76 and Cronbach’s alpha 0.83 indicating significant scores. The results of Pearson’s correlation showed significant correlation between Pashto-LANSS and DN4.
Conclusion: Pashto LANSS is a reliable and valid tool to identify neuropathic pain in SCI patients. Pashto version of LANSS can be used in differentiating neuropathic pain from nociceptive pain in people with spinal cord injury (SCI).
Key terms: LANSS, Neuropathic pain, DN4 Questionnaire, Spinal cord injury, Pashto version of LANSS (Pashto-LANSS).
CHARACTERIZATION OF HYPONATREMIA IN PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC STROKE
Authors: Khan Zamin , Iqbal Saleem , Ahmed Farooq , Ahmed Ashfaq
Published: March 2024

Objective: To characterize the hyponatremia based on severity in patients with ischemic stroke in the first twenty-four hours.
Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was done in the Medicine Department of Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, after obtaining approval from IREB. For a proportion of 25% population with mild hyponatremia, a sample of 289 was calculated using Open EPI Software keeping 95% as the confidence interval and 5% as the margin of error. We included all adult patients from age 16 years of either gender, having newly diagnosed ischemic stroke and yet had not started any treatment. Patients having other chronic diseases and endocrine disorders which can cause electrolyte disturbances, and act as confounders, were excluded. A Non-probability consecutive sampling technique was used. All data including name, age, gender, address, and the presence or absence of and the severity of hyponatremia was recorded. Data was analyzed using SPSS-22.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 53 years with SD ± 8.53 (range 40-69 years). Male patients were 56.1% while 43.9% were females. Out of 289 patients, 101 (35%) patients had hyponatremia. Amongst these patients having hyponatremia, mild hyponatremia was present in 63 (62%), moderate hyponatremia in 27 (27%) and profound or severe hyponatremia was present in 11 (11%).
Conclusion: Hyponatremia was present in about 1/3rd of patients who presented with ischemic stroke in our hospital. Among these, severe hyponatremia was seen in 11% of the patients.
Keywords: Hyponatremia, ischemic stroke.
A STUDY OF SELF-ESTEEM, ACADEMIC SELF-CONCEPT, AND LOCUS OF CONTROL AMONG BEHAVIORAL PROBLEM AND NON-BEHAVIORAL PROBLEM CHILDREN
Authors: Arzeen Saima , Arzeen Naeema , Shah Syed Mubashar
Published: March 2024

OBJECTIVE: The aim of current study was to identify and compare the children with behavioral problems and without behavioral problems on self-esteem, academic self-concept, and locus of control.
METHOD: For this study, a cross sectional research design was used, for data collection purposive sampling technique was applied. Out of 300 children a sample of 34 children with behavioral problems (that lies above 67th percentile) and a matched comparative group of 34 children (fall below 33 percentile children) were selected. The age range of sample was 11-13 years and from Wah Cantt data was collected. A booklet consisted of consent form, demographic sheet, children behavioral problem checklist; self-esteem scale, academic self-concept, and locus of control scales were administered. 
RESULTS: Correlational analysis indicated that there was significant relationship between all the study variables. Children with behavioral problems exhibited lower level of self-esteem (M=39.92; SD=16.4) than non-behavioral problem children (M=47.57; SD=9.52). On academic self-concept, children with behavioral problems exhibited lower mean scores (M=32.9; SD=26.3) as compared to children having non-behavioral problems (M=44.6; SD=15.8). Furthermore, results also highlighted that non-problematic children exhibit less external locus of control (M=8.35; SD=2.51) as compared to problematic children (M=10.70; SD=3.36).
CONCLUSION: This study highlighted that SE, ASC and LOC are related process children behavioral problems. Therefore, in order to handle such children, teachers and school counselor should develop such intervention strategies that promote their self-esteem, academic self-concept and internal locus of control.
Keywords: self-esteem, Locus of control, Behavioral problems, academic self-esteem.
The Impact of Consumer Behavior on Consumer Loyalty
Authors: Nurhilalia N. , Saleh Yusuf
Published: March 2024

In an era marked by increasingly fierce competition in the global marketplace, companies strive to maintain and enhance consumer loyalty, a key factor influenced by consumer behavior. Consumer behavior, once viewed as random actions, is now recognized as a complex phenomenon shaped by psychological, social, and economic factors. Beyond purchase decisions, it encompasses constant interaction between individuals and their environment, influenced by personal preferences, social influences, culture, values, and past experiences. Understanding consumer behavior enables companies to identify trends, preferences, and needs accurately, leading to more effective marketing strategies and stronger customer relationships. However, companies face challenges such as lifestyle changes, technology, and evolving consumer expectations. Globalization and technology have altered consumer behavior, making consumers more informed and critical. To remain relevant, companies must adapt their strategies to these dynamics. Consumer behavior's influence extends beyond individuals to impact market dynamics, government policies, industry regulations, and economic trends, highlighting its significance for overall economic stability and growth. Through a multidimensional approach to studying consumer behavior, we can explore various factors influencing consumer loyalty, including psychological, social, cultural, and economic aspects. Deepening our understanding of these dynamics empowers companies to develop more effective strategies for building and maintaining consumer loyalty. This paper reviews literature on consumer behavior and its impact on consumer loyalty, highlighting key determinants such as brand loyalty, loyalty programs, digital marketing, perceived expensiveness, corporate associations, customer commitment, and customer experience. It emphasizes the need for further research to bridge existing gaps and elucidate the complex relationship between consumer behavior and loyalty. The primary objective is to undertake a comprehensive exploration of this relationship, uncovering underlying mechanisms and discerning how various aspects of consumer behavior influence loyalty. By offering insights to marketing practitioners, researchers, and stakeholders, this paper aims to contribute to academic discourse and provide actionable recommendations for fostering stronger bonds with customers. Ultimately, understanding consumer behavior's role in shaping loyalty empowers businesses to develop effective strategies and thrive in today's competitive marketplace. Through collaborative efforts and continued scholarly inquiry, we can unlock consumer behavior's full potential as a driving force behind sustainable business growth.
影片情境測驗對桌球運動員第四板攻擊表現之影響
Authors: 陳伯年 陳伯年 , 邱宏達 邱宏達
Published: March 2024

目的：本研究透過桌球影片情境測驗，使桌球運動員觀察並記憶職業球員的比賽過程，探討其是否能提升桌球運動員在接發球後第四板起板技術的表現。方法：本研究招募 26 位桌球運動員，先進行桌球接發球後第四板起板技術前測，並根據前測表現，分為實驗組與控制組。實驗組進行為期 6 週，每週 3 次的影片測驗；控制組則不做任何介入。實驗過程中兩組皆會維持日常正規訓練。6 週之後，再進行桌球接發球後第四板起板技術後測，並比較兩組在前後測表現的差異。本研究採用二因子混合設計變異數分析進行資料處理，顯著水準設定為α = .05，若達顯著水準，則以 Bonferroni 法進行事後比較。結果：研究發現，擊球表現得分部分，不同組別與前後測的交互作用達顯著 (p < .01)，經單純主要效果分析發現實驗組在後測表現顯著高於前測 (p < .01)，並優於控制組 (p = .016)。擊球時機部分，不同組別與前後測的交互作用未達顯著 (p > .05)，組間與前、後測皆未達顯著差異 (p > .05)。結論：本研究所自訂之桌球影片情境測驗，雖對於擊球時機未有顯著改變，但對於擊球表現得分有顯著的提升。透過影片情境測驗，觀察並記憶職業選手比賽的動作以及追蹤擊球軌跡，可輔佐日常隊伍訓練，提升桌球運動員接發球後第四板起板技術的理解，使技術實力得到改善。

 

Purpose: This study used the video-based situational test to enable table tennis players to observe and remember the game process of professional players, and to explore whether it can improve the fourth attack after receive performance of table tennis players. Methods: In this study, twenty-six table tennis players were recruited, and they first performed the pre-test of the fourth attack after receiving. According to the performance of the pre-test, they were divided into an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group took the individually developed video-based situational test three times a week for 6 weeks; the control group did not do any intervention. During the experiment, both groups maintained daily formal training. After 6 weeks, a post-test of the fourth attack after receiving were conducted, and were compared with pre-test for the two groups. Two-way mixed design ANOVA was used for data analysis, and the significance level was set at α = .05. Results: The study found that the performance score had a significant interaction between group and test factors (p < .01). The simple main effect analysis showed that the experimental group’s performance score in the post-test was significantly higher than that in the pre-test (p < .01), and better than the control group (p = .016). For the timing of shots, the interaction between group and test factors was not significant (p > .05), and there was no significant difference between two groups and pre- and posttest (p > .05). Conclusion: Although there was no significant change in the timing of the fourth attack after the six weeks of video-based situational test, it has indeed a significant improvement in the performance score for the table tennis players. Observing and memorizing the professional player’s movements and tracking the trajectory of the ball through the video-based situational test can assist daily team training, improve the understanding of table tennis players’ technique of fourth attack after receiving.

 
Peri-articular elbow fracture fixations with magnesium implants and a review of current literature: A case series
Authors: Fang Christopher , Premchand Antony Xavier Rex , Park Derek Howard , Toon Dong Hao
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND

In recent years, the use of Magnesium alloy implants have gained renewed popularity, especially after the first commercially available Conformité Européenne approved Magnesium implant became available (MAGNEZIX® CS, Syntellix) in 2013.

AIM

To document our clinical and radiographical outcomes using magnesium implants in treating peri-articular elbow fractures.

METHODS

Our paper was based on a retrospective case series design. Intra-operatively, a standardized surgical technique was utilized for insertion of the magnesium implants. Post – operatively, clinic visits were standardized and physical exam findings, functional scores, and radiographs were obtained at each visit. All complications were recorded.

RESULTS

Five patients with 6 fractures were recruited (2 coronoid, 3 radial head and 1 capitellum). The mean patient age and length of follow up was 54.6 years and 11 months respectively. All fractures healed, and none exhibited loss of reduction or complications requiring revision surgery. No patient developed synovitis of the elbow joint or suffered electrolytic reactions when titanium implants were used concurrently.

CONCLUSION

Although there is still a paucity of literature available on the subject and further studies are required, magnesium implants appear to be a feasible tool for fixation of peri-articular elbow fractures with promising results in our series.
Un esordio psicotico misterioso
Authors: Mannone Arianna , Minute Marta
Published: March 2024

The authors describe the case of a 13-year-old boy presenting with a confusional state possibly due to the abuse of dextromethorphan contained in a cough syrup.
Emergenze neurologiche: caccia all'imitatrice
Authors: Corona Laura , Mazza Silvia , Cualbu Antonio
Published: March 2024

The case of a 13-year-old girl presenting with a panic attack following a sudden onset of headache and weakness in the lower right limb is described. Hemiplegic migraine was eventually diagnosed.
The Parallel Worlds of the Book of Job and Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland
Authors: Armstrong Ryan M.
Published: March 2024

The book of Job (hereafter italicized to differentiate it from the character of Job) and Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland are both famous for breaking the rules of genre and language. Both stories are told through a frame tale that brackets a series of debates. These debates are full of occasionalisms, visual jokes, homographs, homophones, double entendre, and even triple entendre. Both make use of similar literary devices, such as parody, fourth-wall jokes, and unexpected cliffhangers. Job and Alice go through similar character development, in which they must question their presuppositions and learn simple honesty about how complex societal systems work in the world. This article argues that the breaking of genre rules helps Job and Alice become honest voices of protest, challenging the rules of authority and those who blindly defend them.
Recent Dickens Studies: 2022 (Part I)
Authors: Jacklosky Rob
Published: March 2024

This article (part one of two) surveys Dickens scholarship and adjacent work with a special emphasis on Dickens Quarterly. The author’s approach was inspired by the alternating micro- and macro- method of Robert Douglas-Fairhurst’s Turning Point 1851, and the personal approach of Annette Federico’s But For You, Dear Stranger (My Reading) and Nick Hornby’s Prince and Dickens: A Particular Kind of Genius. The article identifies these key trends: (1) A turn towards artists and scholars’ personal and autobiographical responses to Dickens’s work/life; (2) a reckoning with race and empire, especially how colonial enterprises are felt in London and in novels’ relationships; (3) places and spaces, including how buildings can communicate history or hold meaning; (4) charges of anti-Semitism and treatment of Jews; (5) intense, narrowly focused scholarship on topics like etymology, fungi, rot, historical happenings, both major (Crystal Palace) or minor (a Duke’s balloon trip).
Voice, Unhearability, and Epistemic Violence: The Making of a Sonic Identity
Authors: Cheung Alison Yeh
Published: March 2024

This article suggests that Asian American rhetorics of sound destabilize representational politics by complicating the racialization of sonic difference. The author investigates the relationship between notions of Asian American citizenship and not-Blackness in vocal performance. By attending to sonic rhetorics through Awkwafina’s blaccent controversy, the article explores the condition of epistemic violence that position Asian American voices as “unhearable.”
Profile of sexually transmitted infections among attendees of special clinics (Suraksha) at an apex regional sexually transmitted disease centre in North India – a five-year study
Authors: Muralidhar Sumathi , Gupta Prashant , Lachyan Abhishek , Singh Soni , Rana Ratan Singh , Khunger Niti
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) present significant global and national health challenges, particularly in India. Objective: To estimate the prevalence and characteristics of STIs among attendees at the Suraksha Clinic in the Apex Regional STD Centre, Safdarjung Hospital. Methods:Retrospective data from January 2018 to December 2022 were statistically analyzed using Excel and SPSS. The study included the examination for diagnosis of various STIs, such as syphilis, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), gonorrhoea, chlamydiasis, trichomoniasis, candidiasis, bacterial vaginosis, chancroid, and genital herpes. Gender distribution and syndromic diagnoses, including vaginal/cervical discharge and genital ulcers, were also considered. Referrals to Integrated Counseling and Testing Centres for HIV testing were analyzed. Results: The outcomes reveal a substantial burden of STIs, with 3.06% showing reactivity to syphilis, 1.74% testing positive for HIV, 3.36% for gonorrhoea, 11.78% for chlamydiasis, 1.05% for trichomoniasis, 26.24% for candidiasis, 9.97% for bacterial vaginosis, 7.80% for chancroid, 11.64% for herpes genitalis, and 4.01% for other non-STIs. Attendees’ interactions included 34.36% of referrals to Integrated Counseling and Testing Centres for HIV testing. The gender distribution showed 58.92% male and 40.94% female attendees. Conclusion: Syndromic diagnoses, including vaginal/cervical discharge (21.22%) and genital warts (8.00%), highlight prevalent conditions, necessitating routine screening, early detection, and targeted interventions for effective disease control and prevention. These findings underscore the significance of integrated screening, patient education, and proactive strategies to safeguard public health in the face of rising STI rates.