bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Imaging Recommendations for Diagnosis, Staging, and Management of Pediatric Solid Tumors
Authors: Smriti Vasundhara , Baheti Akshay D. , Shah Sneha , Qureshi Sajid S. , Shetty Nanadan , Gala Kunal , Kulkarni Suyash , Raut Abhijit , Kamble Veenita , Chinnaswamy Girish , Prasad Maya , C. P Badira , Ramadwar Mukta , Singh Suryaveer , Shukla Anuradha , Panwala Hirenkumar , Sahu Arpita , Siddharth Laskar , Kapadia Tejas
Published: March 2023

Paediatric extra-cranial solid tumours are one of the common causes for paediatric malignancies. Lack of appropriate imaging at presentation, staging and for follow-up is a major challenge for paediatric solid tumours. We have reviewed the paediatric solid tumour imaging protocols suggested by the major oncological societies/groups around the world (mainly the SIOP – Society International Pediatric Oncology, and the COG – Children's Oncology Group). We have adapted some of those protocols to develop imaging recommendations for the diagnosis, staging and management of extra-cranial solid tumours based on the treatment protocols followed in India.
Immediate Postpartum Insertion of Copper Intrauterine Device in a Brazilian University Hospital: Expulsion and Continuation Rates
Authors: Nahas Georgia , Magalhães Claudia , Bueloni-Dias Flavia , Nahas Eliana , Borges Vera
Published: March 2023

Objective To evaluate the expulsion and continuation rates of the copper intrauterine device (IUD) inserted in the immediate postpartum period in a Brazilian public university hospital.

Materials and Methods In the present cohort study, we included women who received immediate postpartum IUD at vaginal delivery or cesarean s March 2018 to December 2019. Clinical data and the findings of transvaginal ultrasound (US) scans performed 6-weeks postpartum were collected. The expulsion and continuation rates were assessed 6-months postpartum using data from the electronic medical records or by telephone contact. The primary outcome was the proportion of IUDs expelled at 6 months. For the statistical analysis, we used the Student t-test, the Poisson distribution, and the Chi-squared test.

Results There were 3,728 births in the period, and 352 IUD insertions were performed, totaling a rate of 9.4%. At 6 weeks postpartum, the IUD was properly positioned in 65.1% of the cases, in 10.8% there was partial expulsion, and in 8.5% it had been completely expelled. At 6 months postpartum, information was obtained from 234 women, 74.4% of whom used IUD, with an overall expulsion rate of 25.6%. The expulsion rate was higher after vaginal delivery when compared with cesarean section (68.4% versus 31.6% respectively; p = 0.031). There were no differences in terms of age, parity, gestational age, final body mass index, and newborn weight.

Conclusion Despite the low insertion rate of copper IUDs in the postpartum period and a higher expulsion rate, the rate of long-term continuation of intrauterine contraception was high, indicating that it is a useful intervention to prevent unwanted pregnancies and to reduce short-interval birth.
Imaging Recommendations for the Diagnosis, Staging, and Management of Adult Brain Tumors
Authors: Kamepalli HariKishore , Kalaparti Viswanadh , Kesavadas Chandrasekharan
Published: March 2023

Neuroimaging plays a pivotal role in the clinical practice of brain tumors aiding in the diagnosis, genotype prediction, preoperative planning, and prognostication. The brain tumors most commonly seen in adults are extra-axial lesions like meningioma, intra-axial lesions like gliomas and lesions of the pituitary gland. Clinical features may be localizing like partial seizures, weakness, and sensory disturbances or nonspecific like a headache. On clinical suspicion of a brain tumor, the primary investigative workup should focus on imaging. Other investigations like fundoscopy and electroencephalography may be performed depending on the clinical presentation. Obtaining a tissue sample after identifying a brain tumor on imaging is crucial for confirming the diagnosis and planning further treatment. Tissue sample may be obtained by techniques such as stereotactic biopsy or upfront surgery. The magnetic resonance (MR) imaging protocol needs to be standardized and includes conventional sequences like T1-weighted (T1W) imaging with and without contrast, T2w imaging, fluid-attenuated axial inversion recovery, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), susceptibility-weighted imaging, and advanced imaging sequences like MR perfusion and MR spectroscopy. Various tumor characteristics in each of these sequences can help us narrow down the differential diagnosis and also predict the grade of the tumor. Multidisciplinary co-ordination is needed for proper management and care of brain tumor patients. Treatment protocols need to be adapted and individualized for each patient depending on the age, general condition of the patient, histopathological characteristics, and genotype of the tumor. Treatment options include surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Imaging also plays a vital role in post-treatment follow-up. Sequences like DWI, MR perfusion, and MR spectroscopy are useful to distinguish post-treatment effects like radiation necrosis and pseudoprogression from true recurrence. Radiological reporting of brain tumor images should follow a structured format to include all the elements that could have an impact on the treatment decisions in patients.
Imaging Recommendations for Diagnosis, Staging, and Management of Adrenal Tumors
Authors: Kandasamy Devasenathipathy , Gulati Ajay , Simon Betty , John Reetu , Goyal Alpesh
Published: March 2023

Adrenal glands are affected by a wide variety of tumors apart from infective and inflammatory lesions and their noninvasive characterization on imaging is important for the management of these patients. Incidentalomas form the major bulk of adrenal tumors and differentiation of benign adenomas from other malignant lesions, especially in patients with a known malignancy, guide further management. Imaging is an integral part of management along with clinical and biochemical features. The cornerstone of clinical and biochemical evaluation of adrenal tumors is to determine whether the lesion is functional or nonfunctional. Computed tomography (CT) is considered as the workhorse for imaging evaluation of adrenal lesions. CT densitometry and CT contrast washout characteristics are quite reliable in differentiating adenomas from malignant lesions. CT is also the modality of choice for the evaluation of resectability and staging of primary adrenal tumors. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has superior contrast resolution compared to other morphological imaging modalities and is generally used as a problem-solving tool. MRI chemical shift imaging can also be used to reliably detect adrenal adenomas. Ultrasonography (USG) is used as a screening tool that is usually followed by either CT or MRI to better characterize the tumor and it is not routinely used for assessing the resectability, staging, and characterization of adrenal tumors. Another important role of USG is in image-guided sampling of tumors. Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography and other nuclear medicine modalities are a valuable addition to morphological imaging modalities. Image-guided interventions also play an important role in obtaining tissue samples where diagnostic imaging is not able to characterize adrenal tumors. In the functioning of adrenal tumors, adrenal venous sampling is widely used to accurately lateralize the secreting tumor.
The Coexistence of Two Genetic Astrocytopathies—Megalencephalic Leukoencephalopathy and Vanishing White Matter Disease—in an Indian Child
Authors: Das Suman , Ray Biman Kanti , Chakraborty Uddalak , Tippabathani Jayakrishna , Santra Arindam
Published: March 2023

A 9-month-old male child, born of second-degree consanguinity, presented with a progressively enlarging head since early infancy. The child had normal early development, but further acquisition of milestones after 6 months was delayed. He had afebrile seizures at 9 months, followed by the appearance of appendicular spasticity. First magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed nonenhancing, diffuse, bilaterally symmetrical T1/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) hypointensity and T2 hyperintensity of the cerebral white matter and anterior temporal cysts. Subsequently, the periventricular and deep white matter developed microcystic changes with a pattern of radial stripes. Next-generation sequencing revealed homozygous autosomal recessive variations in the MLC1 gene [c.188T > G, (p.Leu63Arg)] on exon 3 and also in the EIF2B3 gene [c.674G > A, (p.Arg225Gln)] on exon 7, the parents being heterozygous carriers for both variations. This article highlights the rare occurrence of two leukodystrophies of diverse pathogenesis in a child from a nonpredisposed community.
On-chip dielectrophoretic device for cancer cell manipulation: A numerical and artificial neural network study
Authors: Mohammadi Rasool , Afsaneh Hadi , Rezaei Behnam , Moghimi Zand Mahdi
Published: March 2023

Breast cancer, as one of the most frequent types of cancer in women, imposes large financial and human losses annually. MCF-7, a well-known cell line isolated from the breast tissue of cancer patients, is usually used in breast cancer research. Microfluidics is a newly established technique that provides many benefits, such as sample volume reduction, high-resolution operations, and multiple parallel analyses for various cell studies. This numerical study presents a novel microfluidic chip for the separation of MCF-7 cells from other blood cells, considering the effect of dielectrophoretic force. An artificial neural network, a novel tool for pattern recognition and data prediction, is implemented in this research. To prevent hyperthermia in cells, the temperature should not exceed 35 °C. In the first part, the effect of flow rate and applied voltage on the separation time, focusing efficiency, and maximum temperature of the field is investigated. The results denote that the separation time is affected by both the input parameters inversely, whereas the two remaining parameters increase with the input voltage and decrease with the sheath flow rate. A maximum focusing efficiency of 81% is achieved with a purity of 100% for a flow rate of 0.2μL/min and a voltage of 3.1V. In the second part, an artificial neural network model is established to predict the maximum temperature inside the separation microchannel with a relative error of less than 3% for a wide range of input parameters. Therefore, the suggested label-free lab-on-a-chip device separates the target cells with high-throughput and low voltages.
Hepatitis B immune status of staff in smaller acute healthcare facilities
Authors: Hoskins Alex , Worth Leon James , Malloy Michael James , Walker Katherine , Bull Ann , Bennett Noleen
Published: March 2023

Objective To determine the proportion of staff employed in smaller Victorian public acute healthcare facilities with evidence of immunity to hepatitis B. Methods For optimal long-term immunity, a completed hepatitis B vaccination course and post vaccination hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) level ≥10 mIU/mL is desirable for all high-risk staff employed in healthcare facilities. For the financial years 2016/17–2019/20, a standardised surveillance module developed by the Victorian Healthcare Associated Infection Surveillance System (VICNISS) Coordinating Centre was completed by the smaller Victorian public acute healthcare facilities (individual hospitals with <100 acute care beds or their multi-site health service). Staff were assessed as having evidence or no evidence of optimal immunity to hepatitis B. Those without optimal evidence were sub-classified as ‘incomplete vaccination course’, ‘no serology’, ‘contraindicated’, ‘non-responder’, ‘declined’ or ‘unknown’. Data were analysed to determine trends over time for healthcare facilities that participated more than once. Results A total of 88 healthcare facilities reported hepatitis B immunity status of high-risk (Category A) staff (n = 29 920) at least once over 5 years; 55 healthcare facilities reported more than once. The aggregate proportion with evidence of optimal immunity was 66.3%. Healthcare facilities with 100–199 Category A staff employed reported the lowest evidence of optimal immunity (59.6%). Of all Category A staff with no evidence of optimal immunity, the majority had ‘unknown’ status (19.8%), with only 0.6% overall who declined vaccination. Conclusions Our study found evidence of optimal staff hepatitis B immunity in only two-thirds of Category A staff working in surveyed healthcare facilities.
Physiological and transcriptome analysis of Dendrobium officinale under low nitrogen stress
Authors: Wu Hangtao , Li Jin , Pu Qian , Mi Chunyi , Zeng Guohong , Chen Ying , Kong Dedong , Zuo Xiaorong , Hu Xiufang , Li Ou
Published: March 2023

Nitrogen (N) is the main nutrient of plants, and low nitrogen usually affects plant growth and crop yield. The traditional Chinese herbal medicine Dendrobium officinale Kimura et. Migo is a typical low nitrogen-tolerant plant, and its mechanism in response to low nitrogen stress has not previously been reported. In this study, physiological measurements and RNA-Seq analysis were used to analyse the physiological changes and molecular responses of D. officinale under different nitrogen concentrations. The results showed that under low nitrogen levels, the growth, photosynthesis and superoxide dismutase activity were found to be significantly inhibited, while the activities of peroxidase and catalase, the content of polysaccharides and flavonoids significantly increased. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis showed that nitrogen and carbon metabolisms, transcriptional regulation, antioxidative stress, secondary metabolite synthesis and signal transduction all made a big difference in low nitrogen stress. Therefore, copious polysaccharide accumulation, efficient assimilation and recycling of nitrogen, as well as rich antioxidant components play critical roles. This study is helpful for understanding the response mechanism of D. officinale to low nitrogen levels, which might provide good guidance for practical production of high quality D. officinale.
The informalisation of address practice in Swedish in a historical perspective
Authors: Fremer Maria
Published: March 2023

In the 1960s, Swedish address practices underwent a change from an intricate system of honorifics to universal
use of the informal second-person singular du. This study challenges the common characterisation of this so
called “du-reform” as very quick and straightforward. Previous studies, relying on reported usage and written
language, suggest that the formal pronoun ni was considered impolite, while the informal du was
restricted to use amongst family and close friends. I used advertising films to trace diachronic usage patterns in dialogue and in
addressing the viewer. My study shows evidence of change over a period of fifteen years. It also shows that the formal address
pronoun ni and informal address by du were both used in addressing the viewer long before the
du-reform. The du-reform is a noteworthy change in European politeness behaviour. Today, the
informal du is the unmarked address form in Swedish.
Interpreters as agents of language planning
Authors: McKee Rachel , Nilsson Anna-Lena
Published: March 2023

Sign language interpreters onstage at public and political events have recently become more visible in the linguistic landscapes of many countries. Accessibility principles and policy measures have gained traction internationally, and Deaf communities have also recently achieved formal recognition of a national sign language in many countries, including in New Zealand and Norway. Resulting discourses of language planning and of access are now converging to position sign language interpreters as simultaneously agents of language planning (specifically, prestige and image planning) and as instruments of accessibility. This article interrogates the ideological context (motives, beliefs, practices) and perceived effects of increasing interpreter presence in public arenas in New Zealand and Norway, based on interview data from interpreters, interpreting service users and providers, and Deaf informants.
The formation of translation collectivities in Italian queer feminist activist scenarios
Authors: Baldo Michela
Published: March 2023

This contribution analyses the role played by translation in the emergence of the Italian transfeminist collective Onna Pas. The collective was born in 2019 after a series of workshops centred on the reading and translation of Wittig’s and Zeig’s work (1975). This contribution examines the formation of Onna Pas using the concept of affective performativity. Drawing on sociological theories of affect (Gregg and Seighworth 2010;Ahmed 2004) applied to translation (Koskinen 2020), according to which affect is a force arising in the “in-betweenness” of encounters (Gregg and Seigworth 2010, 2), I understand translation as both an affective practice that brings about “intense” joyful and playful encounters, and as a performative one capable of producing other translations, performances, objects, collectivities and alliances. I particularly explore the unpredictable outcome of translational encounters, contrary to studies of translation and activism (Baker 2013), which tend to stress the notion of conscious positionalities.
Expressing negative emotions and not feeling them improves effectiveness in solving disputes (Expresar emociones negativas yno sentirlas mejora la eficacia en la resolución de disputas)
Authors: Medina Francisco J. , Sanclemente Francisco J. , Munduate Lourdes
Published: March 2023

Disputes have an extremely high negative emotional workload. Based on the approach of the Emotion as Social Information Model (EASI), we intend to demonstrate how expressing negative emotions plays a different role in solving a dispute than feeling negative emotions. The participants were 43 professional negotiators managing a dispute escalated by a confederate in three conflict levels during a chat interaction between a supervisor and a subordinate. The trained judges evaluated the negative emotions expressed, problem-solving behaviours and the effectiveness in solving disputes. As the main outcome, we demonstrate that expressing negative emotions increases problem-solving behaviour and effectiveness in solving a dispute, whereas feeling negative emotions (anger) decreases them. Additionally, our findings show that one mechanism which explains the effectiveness in solving disputes is the positive influence of expressing negative emotions on problem-solving behaviour. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed.
Introducing the START:AV in Secure Youth Care: Illustration of a Structured Risk Assessment Implementation Process
Authors: De Beuf Tamara L. F.
Published: March 2023

Structured risk assessment is a widely accepted and recommended approach to establishing an individual’s level of risk for future adverse outcomes, such as violence or victimization, and to guide professionals in effectively managing that risk. A precondition for achieving these outcomes is that the risk assessment procedures are properly implemented and carried out as intended. Although research into the implementation of risk assessment instruments is slowly increasing, most publications do not provide detailed information on the steps that were taken during the implementation process. To help bridge the gap between research and practice, this paper describes step by step the implementation process of the Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability: Adolescent Version in a Dutch secure youth care service. The process was guided by the eight steps suggested in the guidebook for the implementation of risk assessment in juvenile justice by Vincent, Guy, and Grisso. Without pretending to offer the best or most ideal approach, this illustration of a risk assessment implementation process may serve as inspiration for other agencies and service providers who wish to integrate structured risk assessment into their practice.
Research on the pressure distribution under different airfoil types of aircraft
Authors: Chen Xinying , Cheng Xinyu , Tian Junlu
Published: March 2023

Airfoils produce life force for aircraft, which is the reason for planes flying in the sky. The formation of the airfoil depends on its shape, so airfoil designs play an important role in airplane designs. The airfoil design is also prioritized in the process of aircraft design, its speed of creating affecting the progress of the entire project. The goal of airfoil’s design is not simply to create “good” wings, because it does not exist. This means that when airfoils are adapting to a certain airflow or flying condition, their performance might not be satisfied due to environmental variations. Therefore, the application of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) techniques and the Small Disturbance Equation, this study uses python to perform numerical analysis to simulate the surface pressure of the ideal wings under certain flying statues, and then applying a series of algorithms to calculate the shape of the target airfoils, which can find the most suitable airfoil shape under the flying circumstances. According to the researches, the best possible wings satisfying which the pressure below be as larger as possible than the pressure above to produce lift force, is f(x) = k*(x-1)∧4 for downside and f(x) = k*sin(pi(x-1)) for the top. Besides, after a series of calculations, this paper realized that the smaller the k value can be, the better fit it is to an ideal simulated airfoil shape.
Numerical Evaluation on Effects of Upstream Sand-Dune-Shaped Ramp and Backward Coolant Injection on Heat Transfer
Authors: Deng Yanni , Yu Liang , Huang Ying , Zhang Shengchang
Published: March 2023

Numerical simulations are performed for the forward and backward injection film cooling with the presence of upstream ramp under three typical blowing ratios of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5. Totally nine film cooling configurations are taken into considerations in the current study, where two ramps (straight-wedge-shaped ramp (SWR) and sand-dune-shaped ramp (SDR)), two coolant injection modes (forward injection (FW) and backward injection (BW)), and two film-hole shapes (cylindrical hole (CH) and fan-shaped hole (FH)) are involved. From the current study, the effects of coolant injection scheme and upstream ramp on the film cooling performance are evaluated in the viewing of the heat transfer. Based on the numerical results, it is demonstrated that a wide high net heat flux reduction (NHFR) zone is created in the forward injection cases at M(the blowing ratio)=0.5, but it is shrunk or disappeared rapidly at M=1.5, except the FH-FW-SDR case. While for the backward injection case, two high heat flux reduction zones are generated around the hole exit where the separate bubbles locate, and it remains even at M=1.5. Among the current cases, the FH-FW-SDR is demonstrated to be the best one for achieving the highest NHFR under the all three blowing ratios. With regard to the coolant injection scheme, its influence on heat transfer coefficient is more complicated, tightly associated with the blowing ratio, film-hole shape and the upstream ramp.
Study of low-level pool boiling in vapor chamber of wickless micro-heat pipe based on Lattice Boltzmann pseudopotential method—Effects of superheat and wall wettability
Authors: Xiong Shalong , Du Yanping , Wu Rui
Published: March 2023

The lattice Boltzmann method, a mesoscopic numerical method with a solid kinetic basis, is used to establish a low-level pool boiling model to exhibit the transport phenomena inside an evaporation chamber of a wickless micro heat pipe using DI water as the working fluid. The effects of wall superheat and wall wettability on bubbles’ nucleation, growth, and detachment in the evaporation chamber were compared and analysed. Moreover, the influence of the wall superheat on the thermal performance of the micro heat pipe was specifically examined. It is found that the low-level pool boiling occurs with a wall superheat that is higher than 0.357T
c, indicating a high heat flux for heat removal. Interestingly, when the relatively hydrophobic chamber wall is superheated by 0.46T
c, there are more nucleation sites, and the complete bubbles cycle containing nucleation, growth, and detachment is longer. In contrast, on a hydrophilic surface under the same and sufficient superheat condition, the number of bubble nucleation sites is less than that on the hydrophobic surface, and the complete cycle of bubbles is shorter. It is worth mentioning that the model has values for predictions of homogeneous nucleation of bubbles and thermal transport on hydrophobic or hydrophilic surfaces.
Comparison of different models for gravitational and electromagnetic radiation of binary neutron star mergers
Authors: Sun Boyang
Published: March 2023

The neutron star binary merger is one of the most energetic phenomena in our Universe. Based on the calculation of gravitational radiation (GR) with the separate consideration of revolution and stellar rotation, and electromagnetic radiation (ER) with unipolar induction DC circuit model and magnetic dipole model, the results are compared to analyse the extent to which the stellar rotation will affect the total gravitational radiation power. Besides, the relationships between radiation power and the related parameters (e.g., orbital radius and stellar mass) are investigated. Furthermore, the feasibility of different types of binary star merger as the progenitor of fast radio bursts and gamma-ray bursts were studied based on the two models of ER, obtaining that binary neutron star and neutron star-white dwarf systems are among the possible progenitors. Finally, the radiation power of both GR and ER are compared under the same conditions. According to the results, the energy dissipation of the system is dominated by gravitational radiation. These results shed lights on further studies on the radiation processes of binary neutron star mergers and binary star systems.
Main Sequence and Quenching of Star Formation based on Simulations from IllustrisTNG
Authors: Zhou Xinen
Published: March 2023

Star formation plays a crucial role in the field of astrophysics and cosmology. In this paper, the simulation IllustrisTNG is used to recreate the main sequence of star-formation, which explored the relation between the mass of as well as the star-formation rate (SFR). Graphs of different redshifts were investigated based on ordinary least square linear regression fitting, where the trend of star formation main sequence is seen. The slopes and y-intercepts will be discussed regarding the main sequence of star formation, which has already been proved by different researchers in the past few years. However, unlike the main sequence of star formation, the quenching process still doesn’t have a proper explanation. Nevertheless, in this paper, star formation quenching was shown in the images and a possible solution to star formation quenching is proposed. Overall, these results offer a new insight toward star formation quenching and offer a guideline for future investigation in terms of star formation.
Black hole growth at early universe: impact of angular momentum of supplied gas
Authors: liu Chenyu , Qiu Jingzhou
Published: March 2023

Over the past decade, more and more high-redshift quasars with >108 solar-mass black holes (BHs) are observed. These high-mass BHs challenge the BH growth model, and require massive seed BH at redshift 35. In this work, we investigate the growth of high-redshift BHs, with a focus on the impact of angular momentum of surrounding supplied gas. We find that, for the observed 109 solar-mass BH, its seed BH at z=35 should be fairly massive. Applications of our work to the formation channel of seed BH are discussed.
Simulation study on active cavitation suppression for a typical hydrofoil
Authors: Wang Yun , Dong Liang , Wu Jianwei , Li Zhijian , Wang Wei
Published: March 2023

An active cavitation suppression structure with jet holes on its surface is proposed for a typical hydrofoil (NACA66 MOD). Based on the homogeneous equilibrium model and the Zwart-Gerber-Belamri cavitation model, the cavitation characteristics around the hydrofoil before and after jet holes are provided on hydrofoil surface at a typical operating condition are investigated through simulation. Simulation results show that the jet holes on hydrofoil surface are capable of regulating and controlling the cavitation flow field, and to a certain extent, the jet holes on hydrofoil suction surface inhibit the development and shedding of cavitation. Four groups of different jet flow rates are set up, and it is found that with the increase of jet flow rate, the cavitation suppression effect gradually increases, and the lift-to-drag ratio gradually decreases. The research shows that the jet can achieve a cavitation suppression effect of 69.35% under the premise of ensuring that the range of hydrodynamic performance does not exceed 5%. By coupling the distribution of cavitation shape, re-entrant jet and pressure field of a hydrofoil with fluid flowing around and studying the periodic change of flow field, the mechanism of the jet to suppress cavitation is analyzed.
Analysis of flow resistance characteristics of solenoid valve based on numerical simulation
Authors: Wu Zhengjiang , Xia Wei , Fan Yuexia , Li Chenhui , Zeng Baoping
Published: March 2023

Flow resistance characteristic is an important parameter in the design of solenoid valve. It not only affects the determination of structural parameters of valve, but also plays a decisive role in the selection of control method of valve. In this paper, the flow resistance characteristic curve of the solenoid valve is obtained based on a 3D steady-state CFD simulation.
Research in Velocity Profile and Pressure Distribution in 2D Conduit Flow with Stagger Arranged liquid separator blocks
Authors: Ou Feiyang
Published: March 2023

This work uses ANSYS Fluent commercial software to develop a pipe liquid separator model with inside staggered arranged diamond-rectangular shaped blocks for liquid separating. This model serves to liquid separating process in large diameter pipes. All computations are conducted under laminar flow with 200 iterations, and the residues are constantly monitored to ensure accuracy. Two different block sizes and two different inlet velocities are tested for comparison and analysis. Streamline plots and pressure contours are plotted and analyzed for separating performance and pressure drop. The model works well on separating for any combination of inlet velocity and block size. Velocity does not influence performance a lot, but larger blocks have better performance. The pressure drop is significant in these models. Increasing velocity or block size would greatly increase pressure drop, which means the model may work at low velocity for a pressure-sensitive environment. The fitted math relationship between parameters is not fully analyzed and could be developed in future work.
Underway Conductivity-Temperature-Depth profiler system cable force analysis and vortex vibration phenomenon research
Authors: Du Libin , Liu Chen , Liu Jie , Gao Ding
Published: March 2023

In order to analyze the vibration response of the traveling temperature salt depth system cable at a certain velocity, its stress and fracture stress are analyzed. Based on the ANSYS Workbench platform, a numerical simulation model of two-dimensional underwater cable vortex induced vibration is built using the fluid structure coupling calculation method. Six groups of different speeds, including 1kn, 3kn, 6kn, 9kn, 12kn and 15kn, are selected for the ship’s sailing speed, and the vortex induced vibration response of the cable is numerically simulated and analyzed. The simulation results of lift, drag coefficient, eddy viscosity and velocity change provide a certain research basis for studying the influence of the vibration response of the cable of the traveling temperature salt depth system on the underwater detection system.
Experimental study on Velocity Distribution in Rod Bundle Channels under Flow Fluctuation
Authors: Li Xing , Wang Hui , Wang Qianglong , Qiu Jinrong , Tan Sichao
Published: March 2023

Thermal-hydraulic behaviors within a PWR fuel assembly is very complex under accident conditions and marine conditions, which has a significant impact on reactor safety. It is crucial to carry out studies on thermal-hydraulic properties under transient conditions. A telecentric lens and a pulse signal generator are applied to improve the performance of PIV system, a high temporal and spatial resolution measurement for flow fields in rod bundle channels is achieved, the velocity distribution in rod bundles are obtained under accelerating flows and decelerating flows. The steady-state flow field is measured to use as a reference, the effect of flow fluctuations on the flow fields in the rod bundle is analyzed. The results present, the accelerating flows improve the velocity gradient between adjacent flow layers in rod bundles and weaken the lateral velocity. In the contrary, the decelerating flows weaken the velocity gradient between flow layers in rod bundles and improve lateral velocity. Conversely, the velocity gradient attenuates in decelerating flows between the rod beam layers and increases the lateral velocity. During the accident, the thermal-hydraulic behavior in the reactor has the characteristics of transient complexity and uncertainty. Studying the flow and heat transfer characteristics of the reactor core fuel assembly under accident conditions can improve a understanding for the accident development process.
A method for calculating the void fraction of two-phase leakage ports of storage tanks
Authors: Ma Jiajia , Hua Min
Published: March 2023

The problem of leakage of superheated liquids such as LPG, LNG, LCG and AML is widely valued in the process industry. The key to superheated liquid storage and transportation is to prevent cracks due to unexpected situations such as tank overpressure, pipe corrosion and violent collisions. When the tank wall ruptures, the air pressure inside the tank drops sharply and a violent phase change occurs in the degraded liquid inside the tank to maintain energy balance. The liquid instantly evaporates into a gas, releasing a huge amount of energy to form a flash, and this leakage can lead to violent phase changes and two-phase flash jets containing large amounts of liquid droplets and steam, and further lead to major safety accidents such as fires, explosions and the spread of toxic substances. In this work, the pressure drop in the tank during a leak and the phase change at the leak caused by the pressure change at the orifice are investigated through theoretical analysis and experiments. Based on the ideal gas equation of state, mass conservation, gas-liquid non-slip and thermodynamic equilibrium, the pressure drop inside the tank and the phase change at the orifice during the whole leakage process are modelled and validated, and the results show that the model is in good agreement.
Bubble formation by shearing-to-squeezing transition in a T-junction
Authors: Han Yu
Published: March 2023

A shearing-to-squeezing transition process for bubble formation in a T-junction was reported using microscopy and digital image technology. The investigations were conducted in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) T-junction. According to the aspect ratio of air slug and bubble generation frequency, the bubbles generated in the microchannel were identified to three types, namely dispersed bubble, short-slug bubble and long-slug bubble. The corresponding modes of bubble formation were identified as shearing, transition and squeezing modes, respectively. Additionally, the microbubble size and generation frequency with various gas pressures and velocity of liquid flows in each mode were investigated. The relevant dimensional arguments were performed to characterize the microbubble formation process in the T-junction. A new scaling law, based on the formation mechanisms, was proposed to predict the size of the microbubbles and showed a good agreement with the experimental results.
A CFD-based study of twin-screw expander performance and inlet structure optimization
Authors: Lin Shuai
Published: March 2023

Twin-screw expanders are widely used for small to medium-sized organic Rankine cycle (ORC) power generation. In order to improve the performance of twin-screw expanders in ORC, this study aims to improve the inlet efficiency and reduce the inlet pressure loss by changing the geometry of the inlet and shell. The CFD transient simulation is used to study the pressure, gas flow conditions and other parameters in the working chamber that are not easily obtained through experiments. The effects of improved size, speed, pressure ratio and internal volume ratio on the performance of the expander are analyzed based on the results. The results show that for the three expanders with different internal volume ratios, the optimized expander power and filling factor increases by 2%-14%. Isentropic efficiency of the expander reaches a maximum value of 0.73 when the pressure ratio is slightly greater than the internal volume ratio.
Simulation and Field-Based Study of Thermal Performance of a Building - A Case Study
Authors: Malesh S , Kamal G , Yaman J , Bivek B
Published: March 2023

Concerns about building thermal performance and energy consumption are fast growing as they account for roughly 40% of worldwide annual energy use. Building construction in Nepal is controlled by the National Building Codes (NBC), which focus solely on structural considerations and ignore thermal behaviour. As a result, housing tends to be too much warm and too cold during summer and winter respectively due to the lack of passive heating and cooling mechanisms considered during the construction phase. The Thakle Integrated Settle (TIS), built by the Department of Urban Development and Building Construction (DUDBC) under the National Reconstruction Authority and supported by Oxfam Nepal, was the subject of this research. The building’s performance in the chosen location was analysed using a field and TRNSY simulation-based technique. Using meteorological data from Meteonorm software, the TRNSYS model was created to examine the performance in terms of internal air temperature and heating/cooling load of two buildings with different orientations, e.g., North-East (NE) and South-West (SW). According to simulation results, there is a heating demand that covers roughly 37% of the year, while cooling and comfort conditions were 32% and 31%, respectively. For NE and SW-facing buildings, heating demand was 4.10 MWh and 4.07 MWh, while cooling demand was 1.302 MWh and 1.309 MWh respectively.
Evaluation of mechanical and tribological behavior of galvanized, galvalume and polyurethane-coated steel sheets
Authors: Yadav Muralidhar , Saha Jayanta Kumar , Ghosh Swarup Kumar
Published: March 2023

The current study is performed on three coated steel sheets to evaluate their mechanical and tribological properties. The optical micrograph reveals the dark pearlite structure in the ferrite matrix, whereas the grain size analysis reveals the 4.07 μm mean grain size of the ferrite. The scratch hardness test reveals better scratch-resistant properties for all three experimental samples. The Nanoscratch test reveals a decrease in friction with increasing load from 50 mN to 150 mN for the colour-coated samples. The tensile study shows higher YS and UTS values (410 MPa and 450 MPa, respectively) for the galvalume sample, followed by galvanized and colour-coated steel. In contrast, a higher ductility (~33%) is observed for the colour-coated sample, followed by galvanized and galvalume samples. It is evident and appropriate from the dry heat resistance test that all three steel sheets, viz. galvalume, galvanised and colour coated sheet, can withstand 120 °C of heat for 24 h. So, all the samples show improved heat resistance properties. Taber abrasion resistance test results reveal that the colour-coated sample shows improved abrasion resistance due to the polyurethane coating followed by galvalume and galvanized steel samples.
Rational curves on del Pezzo surfaces in positive characteristic
Authors: Beheshti Roya , Lehmann Brian , Riedl Eric , Tanimoto Sho
Published: March 2023

We study the space of rational curves on del Pezzo surfaces in positive characteristic. For most primes

p
p

we prove the irreducibility of the moduli space of rational curves of a given nef class, extending results of Testa in characteristic

0
0

. We also investigate the principles of Geometric Manin’s Conjecture for weak del Pezzo surfaces. In the course of this investigation, we give examples of weak del Pezzo surfaces defined over

F

2

(
t
)

\mathbb F_2(t)

or

F

3

(
t
)

\mathbb {F}_{3}(t)

such that the exceptional sets in Manin’s Conjecture are Zariski dense.
Partial dissipation and sub-shock
Authors: Liu Tai-Ping
Published: March 2023

To study the dissipation property of a physical system one first considers infinitesimal waves for the analysis of weakly nonlinear phenomena. For some physical systems, the dissipation is partial and there is the appearance of sub-shocks in a strong traveling trajectory. The phenomenon of partial dissipation can occur for systems of hyperbolic balance laws and also for viscous conservation laws in continuum physics. We illustrate the phenomenon for a simple relaxation model and for the Navier-Stokes equations for compressible media. The admissibility criteria and the formation of sub-shocks are studied through the zero viscosity limit.
High-sensitive troponin T and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide independently predict survival and cardiac-related events in adults with congenital heart disease
Authors: Willinger Laura , Brudy Leon , Häcker Anna-Luisa , Meyer Michael , Hager Alfred , Oberhoffer-Fritz Renate , Ewert Peter , Müller Jan
Published: March 2023

Aims

High-sensitive troponin T (hs-TnT), N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and C-reactive protein (CRP) are established prognostic biomarkers for cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and frequently used in symptomatic and/or hospitalized adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD). Their prognostic value in clinically stable ACHD has not yet been well established. This study investigates the predictive value of hs-TnT, NT-proBNP, and CRP for survival and CV events in stable ACHD.

Methods and results

In this prospective cohort study, 495 outpatient ACHD (43.9 ± 10.0 years, 49.1% female) underwent venous blood sampling including hs-TnT, NT-proBNP, and CRP. Patients were followed up for survival status and the occurrence of CV events. Survival analyses were performed with Cox proportional hazards regression analysis and Kaplan–Meier curves. During a mean follow-up of 2.8 ± 1.0 years, 53 patients (10.7%) died or reached a cardiac-related endpoint including sustained ventricular tachycardia, hospitalization with cardiac decompensation, ablation, interventional catheterization, pacer implantation, or cardiac surgery. Multivariable Cox regression revealed hs-TnT (P = 0.005) and NT-proBNP (P = 0.018) as independent predictors of death or cardiac-related events in stable ACHD, whilst the prognostic value of CRP vanished after multivariable adjustment (P = 0.057). Receiver-operator characteristic curve analysis identified cut-off values for event-free survival of hs-TnT ≤9 ng/L and NT-proBNP ≤200 ng/L. Patients with both increased biomarkers had a 7.7-fold (confidence interval 3.57–16.40, P < 0.001) higher risk for death and cardiac-related events compared with patients without elevated blood values.

Conclusion

Subclinical values of hs-TnT and NT-proBNP are a useful, simple, and independent prognostic tool for adverse cardiac events and survival in stable outpatient ACHD.

Registration

German Clinical Trial Registry DRKS00015248.
Heat Treatment as a Possible Means to Reduce Botrytis Inoculum on Strawberry Transplants
Authors: Zuniga Adrian I. , Wang Nan-Yi , Peres Natalia A.
Published: March 2023

Nursery transplants have been reported as one of the major sources of Botrytis cinerea primary inoculum causing Botrytis fruit rot of strawberry in Florida. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of heat treatment to reduce Botrytis spp. on strawberry transplants. In laboratory experiments, conidia and sclerotia of four isolates with different fungicide resistance phenotypes were exposed to 44, 48, 52, and 56°C for 1, 5, 10, 30, 60 (1 h), 120 (2 h), and 240 (4 h) min. Conidial germination was completely inhibited after exposure for 5 min at 48°C or higher temperatures, or after 30 min at 44°C. Sclerotial germination varied for different isolates but in general required higher exposure times and temperature for inhibition. Based on a previous protocol developed to target Xanthomonas fragariae, strawberry transplants were treated at 44°C for 2 or 4 h with or without a preheat step of 37°C for 1 h and a cooling step of 1 h. After exposure to the heat treatments, detached leaf assays showed that the treatments significantly reduced pathogen incidence on leaves. Treatments at 44°C for 4 h, with or without preheat, significantly reduced Botrytis spp. incidence by 95.3 to 100% on noninoculated and 88.9 to 100% on inoculated transplants. In field trials, early fruit production was not affected by the heat treatments. Our results suggest that heat treatment could reduce the inoculum load of Botrytis spp. on strawberry transplants and potentially help improve the efficacy of fungicides to control the disease in production fields.
Discussion of Identity and Implicit Bias: A Strategy to Address Racism and Social Justice in Pediatric Nursing Education
Authors: Stevens Kristen E. , Choma Elizabeth G. , Clarke Julia A. , Walsh Jennifer M.
Published: March 2023

Nurse educators must weave discussions of systemic racism, social justice, social determinants of health, and psychosocial influences throughout the curriculum. For an online pediatric course, an activity was developed to raise awareness of implicit bias. This experience interfused assigned readings from the literature, introspection of identity, and guided discussion. Framed by principles of transformative learning, faculty facilitated an online dialogue involving groups of 5 to 10 students through aggregated self-descriptors and open prompts. Ground rules for the discussion established psychological safety. This activity complements other schoolwide racial justice initiatives.
Seamless Academic Progression in Nursing Education: A Qualitative Descriptive Study
Authors: Overholser Candice D.
Published: March 2023

AIM

The aim of this study was to investigate programs throughout the United States for seamless academic progression from associate degree nursing (ADN) to baccalaureate degree nursing programs (BSN).

BACKGROUND

Seamless academic progression has been shown to have a positive effect on increasing the proportion of BSN nurses. Goals to increase the number of BSN-prepared nurses have not been met.

METHOD

A qualitative descriptive study was conducted to assess how nurse administrators of ADN programs move toward seamless academic progression for students.

RESULTS

Three themes that described the current state of seamless progression emerged from the data: a) ongoing communication between program leaders, students, and stakeholders; b) development of pathways that enable seamless academic progression; and c) stakeholder influence on academic progression.

CONCLUSION

Administrators who participated in this study shared that their progression programs were in the early developmental stages.