bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COMMODITY EXCHANGE AS AN INNOVATION-INSTITUTIONAL ELEMENT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL COMMODITY MARKETS
Authors: BLAHODATNYI Andrii
Published: February 2021

The article examines the role of the commodity exchange as an innovative and institutional element in the development of international commodity markets. The current trends in the development of the international commodity stock market have been determined, compared to the volumes of world futures and options for 2018-2019, the number of outstanding contracts and their changes have been investigated. The transformation processes inherent in the international commodity exchange are considered and characterized. The structure of the international stock market by geographical regions is reflected. Trading volumes in different regions of 2019 are compared to 2018. Analysis of futures, options index of the capital index, interest rate trading, energy futures, options trading and precious metals trade have been done.
The results of the world's largest stock exchanges by volume of trading in 2018-2019 are presented. One of the criteria examined is the volume of trading on the Intercontinental Exchange, which is due to the lower level of activity on all its subsidiaries in Europe, North America and the Asia-Pacific region. The current state of stock exchange trade in Ukraine is analysed, examples of obstacles for the effective functioning of stock exchanges of Ukraine are given. The development of commodity exchanges in Ukraine over recent years is considered, with an indication of the tendency of their development. Examples of commodities are indicated that will be used for the development of the commodity stock market of Ukraine. The statistical information on the number and structure of exchanges by specialization, their characteristics and role are investigated.
The conclusions on the stock role market in an economy have been formed. The international experience of trading on the exchanges is generalized. The evolution of the stock market from the fair to the modern electronic stock market with its advantages and convenience is noted. The conclusions of the development of stock exchange trade in Ukraine are summarized: namely obstacles to its development and misunderstanding of advantages. Suggestions for successful development of stock exchange trading are given in accordance with world experience and national peculiarities.
Key words: commodity exchange, futures, option, stock trading, international commodity exchanges, agricultural products, market infrastructure, stock exchange.
In Vitro Antioxidant Properties of Gum Extract From The Carob (Ceratonia silique L.) Plant
Authors: Al-Ameri Marwah T. G. , Nasser Amera K.
Published: February 2021

The experiment was conducted in the laboratories of the College of Agriculture, University of Basra, for the period from 22/9/2019 to 25/ 11/2019. The current study aims to extract gum from the carob fruits, to determine the active substances and the possibility of using them as antioxidants. The results showed that the gum of the fruits of the carob plant contains all the active compounds under study, which included Alkaloids, Phenols, Flavonoids, Glycosides, Steroids, Tannins, Resins, Saponins and Coumarins. The results also showed that the gum of the fruits of the carob plant showed antioxidant activity of about 84.55 % when used at a concentration of 0.2 %, while the average antioxidant efficacy of the industrial compound Butylated Hydroxy Toluene (BHT) and Ascorbic acid was about 93.43 %, 91.12 % at the same concentration. The Reductive power were about 73.20 % and 83.30 % with a concentration of 0.1 % and 0.2 % respectively, which was comparable to the effect of industrial antioxidants (BHT) and ascorbic acid with a concentration of 0.2 %, which was 91.40 % and 90.70 %, respectively. In addition, the gum of the fruits of the carob plant has the potential to sweep hydrogen peroxide with a capacity similar to ascorbic acid and without significant difference (p≤0.05), reaching 41 % and 50 % for concentrations 0.1 % and 0.2 %, respectively, while ascorbic acid reached 45 % with the presence of moral differences with the industrial antioxidant (BHT) in its susceptibility to the sweep of hydrogen peroxide at 73 %. The results also showed that the gum of the fruits of the carob plant is able to bind to the Ferrous ion and this portability increased with the increased concentration of gum to reach its highest average of 43.19 % at the concentration of 0.2 % while the average Ferrous ion for antioxidant (EDTA 2Na) was 55.48 %.
Editor Note- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research
Authors: Das Sayan
Published: February 2021

am honored to be in the Editorial Board of our esteemed journal, Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolic Research.
Study of Thyroid Function Tests in Cirrhosis of Liver And Correlation of Thyroid Function Tests Levels With Severity of Liver Dysfunction
Authors: B Patil Mamatha
Published: February 2021

Background: One of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the world is chronic liver diseases. Thyroid hormones regulate the basal metabolic rate of all cells, including hepatocytes, and thereby modulate hepatic function. The liver in turn metabolizes the thyroid hormones and regulates their systemic endocrine effects. Thyroid dysfunction may perturb liver function, liver disease modulates thyroid hormone metabolism, and a variety of systemic diseases affect both organs. Keeping in mind the above view we have done this study by highlighting the association between thyroid function tests with severity of liver dysfunction in cirrhosis of liver by using child Pugh scoring

Methods: All patients aged 30-80 years with cirrhosis of liver who are attending Rajarajeshwari Medical College and Hospital. Detailed history, physical examination and drug history was taken as per pre-designed performa. Relevant investigations were done for assessing thyroid function and liver cirrhosis. Severity of liver dysfunction was graded by using Child Pugh Scoring

Results: The prevalence of hypothyroidism among patients with liver cirrhosis was 64%. Majority of the cases had a high TSH and TSH levels were directly correlated severity of liver disease. Total T3 levels were low in majority of the cases and it was inversely correlated with severity of liver disease. FT3 was low in most of the cases with child B and child C score; it was inversely correlated with severity of liver disease. FT3 was found to be a more sensitive marker than total T3 for assessing severity of liver disease.

Conclusion: Thyroid dysfunction is common in cirrhosis of liver hence thyroid function tests should be carried out in all cirrhotic patients to assess the severity and prognostication of such patients.
A Review of COVID19 associated factors: CRP, Creatinine, Bilirubin, VLDL, HDL, Triglycerides, Cortisol and Thyroid Function
Authors: Sofra Xanya
Published: February 2021

The objective was to identify key factors associated with compromised immunity in search of preventative solutions that can safeguard health. Elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) synthesized by cytokines, creatinine, and bilirubin are consistently featured in the profiles of COVID-19 patients, indicating persistent inflammation, oxidative stress and excess toxicity. Accumulated adiposity, BMI>25, and abnormalities in VLDL, cortisol, triglycerides, and thyroid function have been mostly indirectly linked to COVID-19 by their conspicuous presence in obesity, diabetes, pulmonary defects, and cardiovascular diseases that exacerbate COVID-19 vulnerability and fatality rates. The COVID-19 documented affinity for ACE2 receptors which are primarily expressed in adipose tissue, heart, thyroid, and male tissues, unveils the virus’ principal targets, and emphasizes the importance of striving for cardiovascular health, weight control, and metabolic stability. Exercise is universally accepted as an optimal solution, however, the expense, length of commitment, and effort involved in sustained physical activity become progressively more challenging with hormonal disharmony, and an imbalanced lipid profile, consequently multiplying the incidences of obesity. We explored the effects of an exercise alternative that demonstrated reduced visceral adiposity, lower levels of CRP, creatinine, bilirubin, cortisol, VLDL, and triglycerides, juxtaposed by upraises in HDL and Free T3. Importantly, all variables optimally increased and decreased without ever drifting into abnormality.
Febrile Corona virus and Autism
Authors: Steinman Gary
Published: February 2021

Background: A number of reports have pointed to the apparent relationship between reduced IGF1 in pregnancies and the development of autism in the offspring. Fever due to inflammatory processes in the gravida emerges as a potential key factor in this phenomenon.

Methods of Inquiry: Investigations have reported an increase in neonatal autism related to enhanced production of interleukins in some gravidas before delivery. The medical records of the mothers of autistic children were examined retrospectively for pertinent factors. Women who had endured infection-related fevers during their pregnancies were more likely to have delivered children with neurologic deficiencies such as autism and schizophrenia.

Conclusions: Inflammatory occurrences such as with women infected by Covid-19 during pregnancy produce enhanced levels of cytokines, especially interleukin-6, which can disrupt IGF1-mediated neurogenesis and CNS circuitry formation in the neonate.
Covid-19 Mutations and How the Vaccine Enhances Immune Intelligence
Authors: Sofra Xanya
Published: February 2021

We traced the coronavirus classification and evolution, analyzed the Covid-19 composition and its distinguishing characteristics when compared to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Despite their close kinship, SARS-CoV and Covid-19 display significant structural differences, including 380 amino acid substitutions, and variable homology between certain open reading frames that are bound to diversify the pathogenesis and virulence of the two viral compounds. A single amino acid substitution such as replacing Aspartate (D) with Glycine (G) composes the D614G mutation that is around 20% more infectious than its predecessor 614D. The B117 variant, that exhibits a 70% transmissibility rate, harbours 23 mutants, each reflecting one amino acid exchange. We examined several globally spreading mutations, 501.V2, B1351, P1, and others, with respect to the specific amino acid conversions involved. Unlike previous versions of coronavirus, where random mutations eventually precipitate extinction, the multiplicity of over 300,000 mutations appears to have rendered Covid-19 more contagious, facilitating its ability to evade detection, thus challenging the effectiveness of a large variety of emerging vaccines. Vaccination enhances immune memory and intelligence to combat or obstruct viral entry by generating antibodies that will prohibit the cellular binding and fusion with the Spike protein, ultimately debilitating the virus from releasing its contents into the cell. Developing antibodies during the innate response, appears to be the most compelling solution in light of the hypothesis that Covid-19 inhibits the production of Interferon type I, compromising adaptive efficiency to recognize the virus, possibly provoking a cytokine storm that injures vital organs. With respect to that perspective, the safety and effectiveness of different vaccines is evaluated and compared, including the Spike protein mRNA version, the Adenovirus DNA, Spike protein subunits, the deactivated virus genres, or, finally, the live attenuated coronavirus that appears to demonstrate the greatest effectiveness, yet, encompass a relatively higher risk.
Echoes of Reaganism in Hollywood Blockbuster Movies from the 1980s to the 2010s
Authors: Ben Mna Ilias
Published: February 2021

This book examines the reverberations of key components of Ronald Reagan’s ideology in selected Hollywood blockbuster movies. The aim of this analysis is to provide a clearer understanding of the intertwinement of cinematic spectacles with neoliberalism and neoconservatism. The analysis comprises a dissection of Reagan’s presidential rhetoric and the examination of four seminal Hollywood blockbuster movies. The time range for analysis stretches from the 1980s until the 2010s. Among the key foci are filmic content as well as production and distribution contexts. It is concluded that Reagan’s political metaphors and the corporatization of film studios in the 1970s and 1980s continue to shape much of Hollywood blockbuster filmmaking.
EVALUASI EFEKTIVITAS PERATURAN DAERAH NOMOR 22 TAHUN 2014 TENTANG RETRIBUSI PELAYANAN PERSAMPAHAN DAN KEBERSIHAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN PENDAPATAN ASLI DAERAH (Studi di Kota Palangka Raya )
Authors: MERBU WAHYUDI
Published: February 2021

This study of the resreach to describe and analyze : (1) Describe and analiyze Effectivenees of Local Regulation Number 22 of 2014 on Retribution Waste and Sanitation Services to Intrease the Original Income. (2) Supporting Factors and Inhibiting Effectivenees of Local Regulation Number 22 of 2014 on Retribution Waste and Sanitation Services to Intrease the Original Income. There are 5 (five) Effectivenees Indicators A Program : Namely the succes of the program, target sucess, satisfaction with the program, input and output levels, the achievement of the overall objectives. In the resreach the resreachers used the method Qualitative descriptive. Data Collection techniques using ways observation, interview, and documentation. Based on Resreach results : (1) Local Regulation Number 22 of 2014 on Retribution Waste and Sanitation Palangka Raya City done pretty well and the ralization of the Distribution of waste and sanitation sectors the government has always achived, however still not maximal between input and output due to lack of facilities and infrastructure and community participation and negligence to pay compulsory retribution. This is analyzed from 5 (five) indicators of the effectivenees a program : lack off facilities and infrastructure garbage transport and lack of cooperation between related agencies in the event on sanctions for violations of regional regulations is an onternal factor resulting in a lack of quality waste and sanitation in the Palangka Raya City. And external factors ie lack of awareness and community participation paying retribution and lack of understanding to the important functions and roles of the community in increasing local revenue from the retribution sector so that this local regulation has not been implemented effectively and efficiently. (2) Supporting Factors : the efforts of the relevant agencies to maximize service to the community by making various efforts evaluation of constraints faced and what should be improved in improving service and community participation.(3) Suggestion: The importance of cooperation with related agencies enforcement of sanctions violation ofobligation of pay retribution as well proper socialization to raise awareness and public participation in paying levies on garbage and sanitation services of course by improving supporting facilities an infrastructure which can be perceived by the Society.
EFEKTIVITAS PEMANFAATAN SISTEM INFORMASI MANAJEMEN DINAS TENAGA KERJA KOTA PALANGKA RAYA
Authors: Putra Harija
Published: February 2021

Kata Kunci : Sistem Informasi Manajemen, EfektivitasSistem Informasi Manajemen mempunyai peran penting dalam memenuhi kebutuhan manusia dalam sebuah organisasi. Sistem Informasi Manajemen berguna untuk menyajikan informasi guna memberikan fungsi operasi, manajemen, dan pengambilan keputusan. Dalam skripsi ini, penulis mengangkat tema tentang Efektivitas Pemanfaatan Sistem Informasi Manajemen Dinas Tenaga Kerja Kota Palangka Raya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas organisasi tersebut dalam memanfaatkan Sistem Informasi Manajemen, serta faktor-faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi. Dalam penelitian ini, jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif. Disini peneliti melakukan pengamatan awal atau penjelajahan umum di lokasi penelitian yaitu di lingkungan Dinas Tenaga Kerja Kota Palangka Raya untuk memperoleh gambaran menyeluruh tentang latar belakang masalah, sehingga memudahkan peneliti menentukan sumber data penelitian. Sumber data yang digunakan peneliti adalah sumber data primer, dimana sumber data primer ini diminta langsung dari informan atau narasumber, serta data sekunder berupa dokumen-dokumen yang dibutuhkan untuk menjadi data pendukung. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan melakukan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Dalam menganalisi data, peneliti menggunakan reduksi data yaitu data dikumpul kemudian dipilah dan disederhanakan agar mudah menentukan data ke dalam fokus indikator penelitian. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti mengukur efektivitas dengan teori Emitai Etzioni dalam Akhmad Subekhi dan Mohammad Jauhar (2013:252), yaitu pengukuran efektivitas yang disebut “system model” mencakup empat kriteria yaitu Kriteria Adaptasi, Kriteria Integrasi, Kriteria Motivasi, dan Kriteria Produksi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian sesuai dengan rumusan masalah, pemanfaatan Sistem Informasi Manajemen Dinas Tenaga Kerja Kota Palangka Raya sudah berjalan dengan efektif, karena dari hasil penelitian berupa jawaban serta tanggapan informan terkait dengan indikator efektivitas, dalam bentuk pelayanan dan pelaksanaan kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh Dinas Tenaga Kerja Kota Palangka Raya sudah memenuhi kriteria efektivitas.
Pirminės sveikatos priežiūros specialistų patirtys teikiant priežiūrą vyresnio amžiaus pacientams, turintiems psichikos negalią. Kokybinis tyrimas
Authors: Blaževičienė Aurelija , Sauserienė Jolanta , Jaruševičienė Lina , Kontrimienė Aušrinė , Liseckienė Ida , Raila Gediminas , Bartusevičienė Lina , Valius Leonas , Gervytė–Borisienė Paulina , Kleinaitė Laura , Keršytė Kamilė , Martinkutė–Kausch Gabrielė
Published: February 2021

Tyrimo tikslas. Pasaulyje daugėja demencija ir psichikos ligomis sergančių pacientų, o tai sąlygoja didėjantį medicinos ir socialinio sektorių pagalbos poreikį. Nedaug atlikta tyrimų, kurie analizuotų sveikatos priežiūros specialistų patirtis, teikiant priežiūrą pacientams, turintiems psichikos negalią. Todėl mūsų darbo tikslas – atskleisti pirminės sveikatos priežiūros specialistų patirtis teikiant priežiūrą vyresnio amžiaus pacientams, turintiems psichikos negalią. Tiriamųjų kontingentas ir tyrimo metodai. Atliktas kokybinis tyrimas. Trims sutelktoms grupėms diskusijos dalyviai buvo atrinkti tiksliniu grupės formavimo metodu, pagal konkretų nustatytą kriterijų, orientuotą į tyrimo dalyvių veiklos pobūdį, t. y. pirminės sveikatos priežiūros įstaigose dirbantys šeimos gydytojai, psichiatrai, psichikos ir bendruomenės slaugytojos bei socialiniai darbuotojai, tiesiogiai dirbantys su vyresnio amžiaus pacientais, turinčiais psichikos negalią bei turintys galimybę nulemti paslaugų teikimo tvarkos pokyčius savo įstaigos arba aukštesniame lygyje. Tyrime dalyvavo 22 pirminės sveikatos priežiūros specialistai. Rezultatai. Išsami duomenų analizė leido tyrėjams išskirti dvi pagrindines temas, t. y. bendradarbiavimo problemos, susijusios su sisteminiais, organizaciniais veiksniais ir su individo lygmens veiksniais. Išvados. Galime tikėtis gana ilgo tęstinio proceso, pereinant nuo fragmentuotos, persidengiančios ir nepakankamai prieinamos sveikatos ir socialinės priežiūros prie integruotos, komandiniu darbu pagrįstos, tęstinės ir efektyvesnės priežiūros itin jautriai populiacijos daliai – vyresnio amžiaus žmonėms, turintiems psichikos negalią. Straipsnis parengtas įgyvendinant Lietuvos Mokslo tarybos finansuojamą projektą „Integrali psichikos negalią turinčių vyresnio amžiaus asmenų priežiūra: tarpsektorinio bendradarbiavimo modelio sukūrimas“ (S-MIP-17-21).
Inkstų vėžio predikciniai veiksniai
Authors: Šmitaitė Ieva , Trumpaitienė Danguolė , Liutkauskienė Sigita
Published: February 2021

Individualizuotas gydymas šiuo metu yra viena prioritetinių mokslinių sričių onkologijoje – investuojama daug laiko, piniginių lėšų skiriant rasti ir moksliniais tyrimais patvirtinti veiksmingą vaistą individualiam pacientui. Šiuo metu metastazavusio inkstų vėžio sisteminis gydymas skiriamas atsižvelgiant ne į individualius veiksnius, o į ligos riziką, gydymo eilę, toksinius gydymo reiškinius ir daug kitų klinikinių veiksnių. Nors naujų gydymo metodų skaičius per 15 pastarųjų metų žymiai išaugo, gydymo galimybės išsiplėtė, tačiau problema išlieka – gydymas ir naujais brangiais vaistais ne visuomet būna veiksmingas. Todėl atsitiktinių imčių klinikiniai tyrimai, kuriuose neanalizuojama molekulinių žymenų predikcinė vertė, šiandien neatitinka nei gydytojų, nei pacientų lūkesčių. Šios apžvalgos tikslas – aptarti svarbius inkstų vėžio molekulinius predikcinius veiksnius, tai yra biologinius veiksnius, lemiančius tam tikro vaisto skyrimą pacientui bei atsaką į gydymą. Jau pripažinta predikcinių veiksnių reikšmė parenkant gydymą kitų vėžio lokalizacijų atvejais (krūties, melanomos, storosios žarnos, plaučių vėžio), tuo tarpu šių veiksnių išaiškinimas ir terapijos veiksmingumo įrodymas inkstų vėžio atveju vis dar išlieka klinikinių tyrimų objektu. Tačiau labai tikėtina, kad netolimoje ateityje, klinikinėje kasdienėje praktikoje vaisto pasirinkimas priklausys būtent nuo inkstų vėžio genetikos ir molekulinių predikcinių veiksnių.
Motinos pieno oligosacharidai – motinos pieno skaidulos
Authors: Urbonas Vaidotas
Published: February 2021

Ši literatūros apžvalga apie trečią pagal dydį motinos pieno maisto medžiagą – motinos pieno oligosacharidus. Šių medžiagų motinos piene randama apie 200, tuo tarpu kitų žinduolių piene jų nėra. Žindančių motinų MPO kiekis ir sudėtis skiriasi. Šių medžiagų gamybai didelę įtaką turi genetiniai faktoriai. MPO pasižymi prebiotiniu, antimikrobiniu, antiadheziniu poveikiais, tiesioginiu poveikiu žarnyno epitelio ląstelėms bei imuninei sistemai. Nustačius MPO naudą, kai kurie iš jų pradėti dėti į adaptuotus pieno mišinius. EFSA ir FDA patvirtino, kad pieno mišiniuose kūdikiams vartojami 2’FL ir LNnT yra saugūs, gerai toleruojami ir skatina normalų augimą. Galima 2’FL ir LNnT klinikinė nauda yra daug žadanti, ypač kūdikio imuninės sistemos vystymuisi ir apsaugo nuo infekcijų, tačiau, norint patvirtinti klinikinę naudą, reikia daugiau patikimų duomenų.
Sergančiųjų 2 tipo cukriniu diabetu, patiriamų išlaidų modelio analizė pirminės sveikatos priežiūros paslaugas teikiančių įstaigų konkurencingumo didinimui
Authors: Budrevičiūtė Aida , Kalėdienė Ramunė , Paukštaitienė Renata , Valius Leonas
Published: February 2021

Tyrimo tikslas. Įvertinti pacientų, sergančių 2 tipo cukriniu diabetu, patiriamų išlaidų poveikį suvokiamoms vertėms, pasitenkinimui ir elgsenos ketinimams. Tyrimo metodai. Anoniminė pacientų, sergančių 2 tipo cukriniu diabetu ir besilankančių pas šeimos gydytoją, apklausa (n = 510) atlikta nuo 2017 m. spalio iki 2018 m. sausio mėn. Respondentai, prieš atsakydami į klausimyno klausimus, užpildė Asmens informavimo ir informuoto asmens sutikimo formą. Apklausa vykdyta po suteiktos šeimos gydytojo sveikatos paslaugos. Duomenų statistinė analizė atlikta naudojant „IBM SPSS 25“ statistinį paketą. Tiriamoji faktorinė analizė buvo taikyta norint išskirti analizuojamus požymius apibendrinančius faktorius. Norint nustatyti, ar yra ryšys tarp išskirtų faktorių ir kokybinių požymių, kiekybiniai faktorių įverčiai buvo sugrupuoti į dvi grupes: silpna išraiška (faktoriaus reikšmė žemiau arba lygi 0) ir stipri išraiška (faktoriaus reikšmė didesnė už 0). Duomenų analizės metu iškelta tyrimo hipotezė tikrinta naudojant tiesinės regresijos modelį, kuris leidžia vieno požymio reikšmes prognozuoti pagal kito požymio reikšmes. Modelio tinkamumas duomenims tikrintas taikant determinacijos koeficientą (R²). Rezultatai. Patiriamos išlaidos teigiamai ir statistiškai patikimai lemia pacientų, sergančių 2 tipo cukriniu diabetu, suvokiamas emocinę (regresijos modelio koeficientas b = 0,325, p = 0,001), socialinę (b = 0,665, p = 0,001), funkcinę (b = 0,493, p = 0,001) vertes, pacientų pasitenkinimą (b = 0,620, p = 0,001) ir jų elgsenos ketinimus (b = 0,590, p = 0,001). Regresijos koeficientai rodo, kad respondentų patiriamos išlaidos suvokiamoms vertėms daro gana didelį teigiamą poveikį, mažiausias poveikis – suvokiamoms emocinei ir funkcinei vertėms. Išvados. Sergančiųjų 2 tipo cukriniu diabetu patiriamos išlaidos teigiamai veikia pacientų pasitenkinimą, elgsenos ketinimus, suvokiamas vertes (emocinę, socialinę, funkcinę). Mažiausią poveikį patiriamos išlaidos turi emocinei ir funkcinei vertėms, o didžiausią – socialinei vertei.
Pelargonijų šaknų ekstrakto vartojimas sergant ūminėmis kvėpavimo takų infekcijomis
Authors: Savickienė Nijolė
Published: February 2021

Sutikime, kad ūminių kvėpavimo takų infekcijų spektras plečiasi, todėl tikėtina, kad artimoje ateityje galime turėti modifikuotą šių užkrečiamųjų ligų klasifikaciją, pvz., ŪVKTI (arba respiracinės infekcijos) – nevienalytė ligų grupė tiek etiologijos, tiek ligos lokalizacijos aspektu, kuriai priklauso gripas, paragripas, adenovirusinė, rinovirusinė, respiracinė sincitinė ir koronavirusinė infekcijos. ŪVKTI yra labiausiai paplitusios infekcinės ligos pasaulyje. Lietuvoje kasmet užregistruojama apie 500 tūkst. susirgimų šiomis infekcijomis. ŪVKTI sąvoka apima įvairių mikroorganizmų (dažniausiai virusų) sukeltas ligas, kurioms būdingi kvėpavimo organų pažeidimo požymiai, intoksikacijos reiškiniai.
Comparative Analysis of Financial Performance before and After Cooperation with Health BPJS as a Provider of Health Services in 2011-2018 (Study at RSI Muhammadiyah Sumberrejo, Bojonegoro)
Authors: Rudi Utomo
Published: February 2021

This study aims to determine the differences in financial performance of Muhammadiyah Hospital Sumberrejo,

Bojonegoro before becoming a health service provider in collaboration with Health BPJS in 2011-2013 and

after becoming a health service provider in collaboration with BPJS Health in 2014-2018 using financial

ratios. Using a horizontal (dynamic) analysis method that is comparing financial statements for a certain

number of periods, this type of research is a descriptive study with a quantitative approach. The technique

used is ratio analysis, an analysis used to determine the relationship of items that exist in one balance sheet

and income statement. A nalisis financial statements. This uses financial ratios such as Liquidity Ratios to

determine the company’s ability to meet its current liabilities, Solvency Ratios to determine the company’s

assets financed by total debt, Profitability Ratios to determine the company’s ability to generate profits,

Activity Ratios to determine the company’s ability to manage its assets.
The Association between Prevalence of Bacterial Diarrhea among Childrens and Some Factor’s
Authors: Kareem Ibrahim Mubarak
Published: February 2021

The study conducted through the period from August 2017 to june 2019 in Baquba city –Iraq, two hundred

twenty five stool sample were collected from children for culture . Information about related epidemiologic

Factor, were recorded in questionnaire in aim to focus the light on the association between and this factors

and children diarrhea .Isolation and identification of bacteria spps performed by morphology, colony

characteristics and biochemical test of the base of stand red methods . susceptibility test of Isolates to (10)

antibiotics were performed . Result of identification showed three main species of bacteria were Escherichia

coli 35(15.55),Shigella spp 8(3.5%) and Salmonella spp3(1.33%),The sensitivity Isolates for antibiotic

revealed highly resistance of most bacteria species to Ampicillin, Trimethoprim –sulfamethaxizole,and

chloramphenicoal and low resistance to imepenem and Ciprofloxacin .The association study showed high

prevalence for diarrhea in male were (7.77% 13), children Age group 4-6 years (31.55%), Bottle feeding

(36%), low level of mother education (33-34%), Rural area (60%), Acute diarrhea (63.36%) .low value

hemoglobin (62.22%). and blood group O were (27.55%).
Completando lo inacabado. Consideraciones sobre el compositor, el intérprete y la ornamentación a través de los manuscritos de Johann Georg Pisendel
Authors: Lupiáñez Ruiz Francisco Javier
Published: February 2021

El archivo conocido como Schrank II de la Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden contiene gran parte de la inmensa colección personal de música instrumental que Pisendel se ocupó de reunir durante casi toda su vida.
En el archivo se encuentran los manuscritos para uso personal que contienen las anotaciones de Pisendel para su trabajo diario como intérprete y compositor. Un raro tesoro, ya que este tipo de manuscritos no estaban destinados a ser conservados después de su uso.
De especial interés son los manuscritos de sus propias composiciones. Entre los tachones y enmiendas compositivas encontramos también multitud de anotaciones destinadas a la interpretación, entre las que destacan las que servían para la ornamentación. Estos «manuscritos de trabajo» conviven en ocasiones con copias a limpio, el estudio combinado de estas fuentes arroja una interesante y novedosa visión de las múltiples facetas de Pisendel como compositor e interprete.
Este legado se hace eco de la práctica interpretativa de su época y nos invita a replantearnos de nuevo consideraciones básicas de la interpretación histórica como el papel del compositor y del intérprete así como a expandir los conceptos de composición, improvisación y ornamentación, dando a esta última un papel fundamental en la elaboración final de la obra musical.
El ‘explorador’
Gerhard y su trabajo con cintas magnéticas
Authors: Adkins Monty
Published: February 2021

Roberto Gerhard fue un pionero de la música electrónica en Inglaterra, autor de más de veinte obras significativas, entre las que se encuentran conciertos, obras de teatro y piezas para radio desde 1954. Sin embargo, por diversas razones políticas, culturales y personales, su música electrónica no ha sido, ni publicada, ni apenas divulgada hasta el momento. La música electrónica de Gerhard es uno de los repositorios más ricos para comprender el desarrollo de la técnica compositiva tardía del compositor y el desarrollo temprano de la música electrónica en Reino Unido. El presente escrito presenta el resumen de una década de trabajo dirigida por el autor del artículo y realizada por los investigadores Carlos Duque y Gregorio Karman en el archivo Roberto Gerhard de la Biblioteca de la Universidad de Cambridge (CUL) de Inglaterra. Este archivo alberga libros, manuscritos, cuadernos de notas y, lo más importante para el presente artículo, más de 600 cintas magnéticas del compositor. Aunque algunas de estas cintas contienen grabaciones de obras compuestas por otros autores, la mayoría pertenecen a composiciones instrumentales y electrónicas de Gerhard. El artículo abarca aspectos relacionados con sus métodos compositivos, su estudio o su relación con el Taller Radiofónico de la BBC. El escrito se basa en publicaciones previas del autor del artículo, concretamente In Search of a Third Way y Claustrophilia: A Musical Gift from Gerhard to John Cage . Por otra parte, el artículo proporciona una lista revisada y actualizada de las obras electrónicas del compositor existentes, basada en la investigación realizada en el archivo de cintas.
Time set y técnica serial aplicada a la orquesta
La Sinfonía 4 ‘New York’ de Roberto Gerhard
Authors: Duque Carlos
Published: February 2021

Roberto Gerhard fue uno de los precursores de la música electrónica occidental y de la aplicación de su experiencia a la música orquestal. En el desarrollo de su personal técnica, amalgama el uso del folclore que emana de su profesor Felipe Pedrell y del estructuralismo que aprendió de la mano de Arnold Schönberg. En este artículo se analiza la técnica serial que aplicó a la Sinfonía 4 ‘New York’ (encargo de la Orquesta Filarmónica de Nueva York en su 125º aniversario) comparando la aplicación real con el universo teórico que expuso en sus artículos, que en muchas ocasiones son meras formulaciones sin un desarrollo práctico. El artículo plantea ejemplos de cada proceso concreto tales como estructura, tempo, time-set y sistemas hexacordales aplicados a la Sinfonía 4 ‘New York’.
Sobre nacionalismos, estéticas y omisiones capciosas
Roberto Gerhard en la bibliografía musical durante el periodo franquista (1943-1974)
Authors: Pérez Castillo Belén
Published: February 2021

Este artículo analiza el tratamiento historiográfico de la figura de Roberto Gerhard a través de los diversos escritos sobre la música española del siglo xx que se elaboraron en España entre 1943 y 1974. Partiendo de la referencia imprescindible a los estudios de Adolfo Salazar, situaremos en su contexto los discursos de José Subirá, Federico Sopeña o Manuel Valls Gorina, entre otros, para valorar la percepción de la figura y de la producción de Gerhard por parte de la musicología española de la época. El análisis de estos textos nos permitirá un acercamiento a las posiciones estéticas predominantes, a las opiniones sobre las principales corrientes creativas y a los perfiles de los compositores en el exilio dibujados por los críticos españoles, incluyendo omisiones clamorosas, como en el caso del músico que nos ocupa. Aunque las fuentes bibliográficas serán la referencia fundamental, se hará alusión a noticias hemerográficas significativas y a cierta correspondencia relacionada con los encargados de transmitir en la época, mediante la creación histórica, una imagen de la música contemporánea española. Como podrá comprobarse, el trazado de esta imagen no será inocente.
Hygienic Assessment Of Emission Influence From A Chemical Plant On Population’s Household Conditions, Well-Being And Health
Authors:   Senior Lecturer, Samarkand State Medical Institute, Uzbekistan, Naimova Zainab , Kurbanova Khurliman ,   Assistant, Samarkand State Medical Institute, Uzbekistan, Khakimova Honbuvi ,   Senior Lecturer, Samarkand State Medical Institute, Uzbekistan, Bulyaev Zokir ,   Assistant, Samarkand State Medical Institute, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
Published: February 2021

The impact of economic activity, as well as scientific and technological progress on the environment is characterized by production of large amount of pollutants, waste and other factors that lead to changes in natural landscapes, pollution of the atmosphere and natural water resources. Continuous increase and expansion in industrial production of chemicals inevitably entail rise of their environmental load. Exceeding thresholds ecosystems’ reliability under the influence of extreme anthropogenic factors can cause significant changes in conditions of existence and functioning of biogeocenoses.
Improving The Organization Of Nursing Care In Treatment And Prevention Facilities For Patients With Covid-19
Authors:   Tashkent Medical Academy, Uzbekistan, Salimova M.R , Khudoykulova G.K ,   Tashkent Medical Academy, Uzbekistan, Mamiraliyev N.I ,   Tashkent Medical Academy, Uzbekistan
Published: February 2021

The study examined the situation of patients and nurses in Uzbekistan during the COVID-19 pandemic, the nurse and the work process, the proper use of personal protective equipment and the misuse of personal protective equipment. The impact of the nurses’ work process on their personal lives was also partially covered. COVID-19 It also describes the knowledge and skills that nurses have during the pandemic. He sought to understand how disruptions in patient-nurse relationships, as well as the COVID-19 pandemic, affected the mental and emotional well-being of nurses, its negative consequences, and the underlying problems that followed. Psychological instability in nurses during the early stages of the pandemic and changes in attitudes toward patients with COVID - 19 were also reported the difficulties of the work of nurses in clinics specializing in the treatment of a number of COVID-19 diseases, biological and technical problems in the conduct of work, lack of resources were also listed. In the second place, there is a shortage of nursing staff and the fear of infecting family members with the virus in the fight against the pandemic, and the causes of deaths as a result.
Study Of The Effect Of Polysaccharides On Hemostasis
Authors:   Institute of Biophysics and Biochemistry at the National University of Uzbekistan, Uzbekistan, N.N. Khoshimov , K.E. Nasirov ,   Institute of Biophysics and Biochemistry at the National University of Uzbekistan, Uzbekistan, G.M. Raimova ,   Institute of Biophysics and Biochemistry at the National University of Uzbekistan, Uzbekistan, V.G. Azizov ,   Namangan State University, Uzbekistan, A. S. Тuraev ,   The Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry named after A.S. Sadikov, Uzbekistan, S.S. Murоdоv ,   Gulistan State University, Uzbekistan, I.I. Inоyatоv ,   Gulistan State University, Uzbekistan, B.R. Badirdinоv ,   Gulistan State University, Uzbekistan, Sh.A. Abdusalоmоv ,   Gulistan State University, Uzbekistan
Published: February 2021

The effect of sulfated polysaccharides on the hemostatic system in conditions in vitro. Platelet-rich plasma was obtained by centrifugation at 200 g for 10 minutes. The remaining citrate blood was further centrifuged at 1500 g for 10 min to obtain platelet-poor plasma. The antithrombin activity of the compounds was evaluated in vitro by their effect on the recalcification time, thrombin, and prothrombin time of human blood plasma stabilized with a 3.8% sodium citrate solution in the ratio of 9:1. In studies conducted on the blood plasma of rats, it was found that the studied compounds, to varying degrees, lengthen the APTT, APTT, prothrombin time. At the same time, anticoagulant activity was established to block one of the factors II, V, X. Polysaccharide exhibit a combined anticoagulant effect in the body, due to which they are classified as anticoagulant and antithrombin agents.
Survival Analysis of Time to Retest for HIV Among Men Who Have Sex with Men from Metro Manila, Philippines: A Single-Center Prospective Study
Authors: Piamonte Samuel Brando , Ynion Jhoanne
Published: February 2021

Background: Regular HIV testing means early detection of the virus and prompt access to treatment. However, factors affecting retesting following receipt of a non-reactive test result are not yet well understood. This study aims to determine the predictors of time to repeat HIV testing among men who have sex with men (MSM) from Metro Manila, Philippines within six months following receipt of a non-reactive test result.

Methods: A prospective study was implemented at a community-based HIV testing and counseling center. A total of 250 non-reactive MSM from Metro Manila and with a recent risk of acquiring HIV were the respondents. At baseline, data on socio-demographic factors were gathered; while at follow-up, repeat test status of each participant within six months after baseline was collected.

Results: Two retests per 1,000 person-weeks were recorded. Mean survival time was 23.93 weeks, 95% CI: [23.18 - 24.68]. Cox proportional hazards regression demonstrated that statistically significant factors of time to retest were age (HR = 0.90, 95% CI [0.85, 0.96]) and number of tests in lifetime (HR = 1.12, 95%CI [1.06, 1.18]).

Conclusion: Although the average time to return is within the recommended period of three to six months, the low return rate suggests the call for encouraging repeat HIV testing among MSM with non-reactive results and recent risk of acquiring HIV. Repeat testing has been shown to be facilitated by age and previous testing history. HIV/AIDS counselors and program administrators can aim for MSM who are older and with relatively low testing history to help meet the global target of ending the HIV/AIDS global epidemic.
Initial Reliability and Validity testing of the DESTINY Stroke and Large Vessel Screening Tool
Authors: Daniel Nyancho  , Cheung Ryan , Venkatachalam Aardhra , Atem Folefac , Stutzman Sonja , Olson Daiwai , Diercks Deborah , Johnson Mark , Novakovic-White Roberta
Published: February 2021

Background: Screening is a valuable tool in emergency medicine for triaging, activation of protocols, and resource allocation. The Dallas Emergency Department Screening Tool to Identify Stroke (DESTINY) was developed to screen for all stroke subtypes, with improved sensitivity for posterior circulation stroke and large vessel occlusion (LVO). The main purpose of this study was to evaluate how reliably the tool could be taught and used by ED Nurses.

Methods: This is Phase 1 of a multi-phase study to evaluate the DESTINY tool. A vascular neurologist retrospectively reviewed 409 stroke code activations between January and December of 2018. Thirty descriptive vignettes were composed: right anterior circulation stroke (n=5), left anterior circulation stroke (n=5), posterior circulation stroke (n=5), TIA and stroke mimic (n=6), non-LVO stroke (n=5), and hemorrhagic stroke (n= 4). Fifteen emergency medicine registered nurses used the DESTINY tool to screen the vignettes following the stroke education and DESTINY training module.

Results: Individual Pearson Correlation Coefficients (PCC) were calculated for each nurse compared to the vascular neurologist (range: 0.43860 to 0.96966; mean: 0.8746 ± 0.1484). All individual PCC were statistically significant except for one [PCC of 0.43860 (p = 0.0153)]. Cronbach’s Alpha scores were very similar across multiple raters (standardized alpha for nurse raters: 0.9853). Omnibus test to compare DESTINY scores by stroke type demonstrated left anterior LVO and mimic/TIA stroke had few outlier observations, however, poorly differentiated hemorrhagic from ischemic stroke

Conclusion: As demonstrated by high interrater reliability, the DESTINY tool can be effectively taught to ED nurses using clinical vignettes. The DESTINY tool is good at differentiating non-LVO, anterior LVO, mimics, and TIAs; while the ability to distinguish between anterior LVO/posterior LVO and ischemic/hemorrhagic stroke was sub-optimal. Utilizing the lessons learned in the early version of the DESTINY screening tool we expect that the high-reliability scores will continue to improve in future prospective studies.
Knowledge, Practices, and Attitude of University Students towards the Prevention of Viral Respiratory Infection (COVID-19)
Authors: Sarte Crisa
Published: February 2021

Background: COVID-19 has affected the educational system, particularly students of higher educational institutions. Accurate knowledge about the disease, its transmission, and preventive measures are critical for containing an outbreak. University students, the next generation of professionals, may play an imperative role in propagating key health information to society.

Objectives: The study aims to assess the level of knowledge, the attitude of concern, and prevention practices among university students towards COVID-19 prevention.

Methods: This descriptive study was conducted at a private higher educational institution in Central Luzon, Holy Angel University. 357 university students were recruited as study participants from the university's different departments using the purposive sampling method, and data were collected using an online self-administered questionnaire.

Results: Among the 357 university students who completed the questionnaires, most were females (58.5%). The results show a good level of attitude of concern and good knowledge of clinical manifestations of COVID-19. The students' most frequently stated source of transmission is exposure to coughing and sneezing via droplets. Additionally, wearing face masks was the most reported method of protection against the infection.

Conclusion: The study revealed that university students have adequate knowledge, practices, and attitude of concern towards COVID-19. To bridge the gap between current and required knowledge, it is essential to establish further professional educational campaigns to increase university students' awareness of the pandemic.
Keeping at-risk youth at the center: lessons learned from a community-based participatory research Photovoice project in Taiwan
Authors: Hsiao Victor , Chen Sunya , Withers Mellissa
Published: February 2021

Youth in the foster care and juvenile justice systems have numerous unmet health needs and long-term negative health outcomes. Photovoice is a qualitative research method in which participants produce photographs and narratives to communicate their perspectives. While Photovoice has been used in various contexts relating to at-risk youth, no known study has been conducted among youth in the foster care or juvenile justice systems. However, numerous challenges exist for the inclusion of at-risk youth in research. Thirteen youth from a group home in Taiwan for teenage boys in the foster care and juvenile justice systems participated in this yearlong study which utilized a strengths-based approach to examine resiliency, their needs, and sources of support. After receiving in-depth training, participants spent three months taking photos and writing accompanying narratives relating to the research questions. Then, via facilitated individual and group discussions, participants selected photo-narrative pairings relating to five key themes, which were then used in exhibitions for local stakeholders. This article describes nine key lessons learned to keep at-risk youth at the center of future similar research studies through protecting, representing, and empowering them: 1) consider ethical challenges, 2) identify community partners, 3) develop mutual trust with participants, 4) use symbolism, 5) have a strengths-based approach, 6) allow participants to direct the process, 7) maximize time to develop participants’ introspective skills, 8) disseminate study results widely, and 9) include participant empowerment as a key objective. Conducting research with at-risk youth is challenging but vital to identifying ways society can best support them. Photovoice remains a meaningful way for marginalized communities to articulate their needs and share their experiences and perspectives. Recognizing and addressing logistical and ethical challenges early can ultimately lead to more impactful studies for at-risk youth both individually and systemically.
PENGARUH STRUKTUR MODAL TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN YANG DIMEDIASI KEBIJAKAN DIVIDEN (STUDI PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR SEKTOR INDUSTRI BARANG KONSUMSI PADA BURSA EFEK INDONESIA)
Authors: Madya Erni
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji apakah (1) Struktur modal berpengaruh signifikan dan positifterhadap kebijakan dividen (2) kebijakan dividen berpengaruh signifikan dan positif terhadap nilai perusahaan (3)struktur modal berpengaruh signifikan dan positif terhadap nilai perusahaan, dan (4) struktur modal berpengaruhsignifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan yang dimediasi kebijakan dividen pada perusahaan manufaktur Sektor IndustriBarang Konsumsi di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Jenis penelitian ini digolongkan sebagai penelitian yang bersifat kausatif.Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah perusahaan manufaktur sektor industry barang konsumsi yang terdaftar di BEItahun 2012-2014. Sampel ditentukan berdasarkan metode purposive sampling sehingga didapatkan sampel 16perusahaan. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa data sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukandengan teknik dokumentasi. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis Jalur.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa(1)struktur modal berpengaruh signifikan dan positif terhadap kebijakan dividen (2) Kebijakan dividen berpengaruhsignifikan dan negative terhadap nilai perusahaan(3) struktur modal berpengaruh signifikan dan positif terhadap nilaiperusahaan dan (4) struktur modal berpengaruh signifikan dan negative terhadap nilai perusahaan yang dimediasikebijakan dividen pada perusahaan manufaktur Sektor Industri Barang Konsumsi di Bursa Efek Indonesia