bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of White Matter Hyperintensities With Short-Term Outcomes in Patients With Minor Cerebrovascular Events
Authors: Zerna Charlotte , Yu Amy Y.X. , Modi Jayesh , Patel Shiel K. , Coulter Jonathan I. , Smith Eric E. , Coutts Shelagh B.
Published: March 2018

Background and Purpose—

White matter lesions (WML) are associated with cognitive decline, increased stroke risk, and disability in old age. We hypothesized that superimposed acute cerebrovascular occlusion on chronic preexisting injury (leukoaraiosis) leads to worse outcome after minor cerebrovascular event, both using quantitative (volumetric) and qualitative (Fazekas scale) assessment, as well as relative total brain volume.

Methods—

WML volume assessment was performed in 425 patients with high-risk transient ischemic attack (TIA; motor/speech deficits >5 minutes) or minor strokes from the CATCH study (CT and MRI in the Triage of TIA and Minor Cerebrovascular Events to Identify High Risk Patients). Complete baseline characteristics and outcome assessment were available in 412 patients. Primary outcome was disability at 90 days, defined as modified Rankin Scale score of >1. Secondary outcomes were stroke progression, TIA recurrence, and stroke recurrence. Analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and regression models including interaction terms.

Results—

Median age was 69 years, 39.8% were female. Sixty-two patients (15%) had unfavorable outcome with disability at 90 days (modified Rankin Scale score >1). Higher Fazekas scores were strongly correlated with higher WML volume (
r
=0.79). Both higher Fazekas score and higher WMH volume were associated with disability at 90 days in univariate regression (odds ratio 1.22; 95% confidence interval, 1.04–1.43 and odds ratio, 1.25 per milliliter increase; 95% confidence interval, 1.02–1.54, respectively) but not with stroke progression, TIA recurrence, or stroke recurrence. In multivariable-adjusted analyses, additive interaction terms were associated with unfavorable outcome (adjusted odds ratio 3.99, 95% confidence interval, 1.87–8.49).

Conclusions—

Our data suggest that quantitative and qualitative WML assessments are highly correlated and comparable in TIA/minor stroke patients. WML burden is associated with short-term outcome of patients with good prestroke function in the presence of intracranial stenosis/occlusion.
Quantitative Arterial Tortuosity Suggests Arteriopathy in Children With Cryptogenic Stroke
Authors: DeVela Gabriel , Taylor J. Michael , Zhang Bin , Linscott Luke L. , Chen Alan M. , Karani Kunal B. , Furthmiller Andrew , Leach James L. , Vadivelu Sudhakar , Abruzzo Todd
Published: March 2018

Background and Purpose—

Quantitative arterial tortuosity (QAT) is a ratio of vessel length between 2 points to the shortest linear distance between same points. QAT has been reported as an imaging biomarker of arteriopathy in pediatric arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) because of dissection and transient cerebral arteriopathy. We sought to determine whether QAT abnormalities are present in other subtypes of pediatric AIS.

Methods—

Children with AIS-absent conventional biomarkers of arteriopathy and case–controls who underwent magnetic resonance angiography were classified by stroke mechanism. The primary study population consisted of cryptogenic AIS cases. AIS with bow hunter physiology and cardiogenic emboli were also evaluated. AIS because of nontraumatic dissection served as positive controls. Patients without vascular risk factors served as negative controls. Segmental QAT of cervicocerebral arteries were measured using automated image processing and differences between groups analyzed.

Results—

In negative controls, QAT showed significant age-related variability for most arterial segments. Positive controls showed significantly increased QAT of the distal extracranial vertebral arteries (VAs) and decreased QAT of the intracranial VA relative to negative controls. Cryptogenic stroke and bow hunter physiology cases were similar to positive controls showing increased QAT of the distal extracranial VA and decreased QAT of the intracranial VA relative to negative controls. Cardioembolic stroke cases were similar to negative controls showing decreased QAT of the distal extracranial VA and increased QAT of the intracranial VA relative to positive controls.

Conclusions—

Pediatric cryptogenic stroke is frequently associated with cervicocerebral arteriopathies expressing altered QAT. QAT may be a diagnostic biomarker of arteriopathy in pediatric AIS.
Where There's Smoke … Photography's Causal Histories
Authors: Bear Jordan
Published: March 2018

The ways in which a particular historical milieu understands the relationship between causes and effects helps us to discern its conception of photography, a representational mode so often entangled in such categories. An examination of the last third of the nineteenth century and its so-called “revolt against positivism” provides an example. This period saw the slow and nearly comprehensive collapse of positivist history, and no grievance was more regularly directed at the declining school than the reductive scientism of its account of causality. Recognizing this crisis compels us to look at photographs of the period in a particular light—as the products of a tension between two fundamentally different epistemologies, or, more specifically, what we might call two different “cultures of causality.” This study commences that project by examining a group of photographs produced in Naples, where the causal legibility of Vesuvius's plumes—as innocent emissions or ominous tocsins—took on an existential import.
Eschatology, Androgynous Thinking, Encratism, and the Question of Anti-Gnosticism in 2 Clement 12 (Part One)
Authors: Kelhoffer James A.
Published: March 2018

This article problematizes the widespread use of an untenably broad definition of Gnosticism to support claims that 2 Clement 12 is antignostic. Several conclusions about the writing’s aims and opponents must therefore be reconsidered. It is argued that 2 Clement 12 is not polemical and does not censure any distinctively gnostic views or praxes. By shedding both the supposedly gnostic background of the dominical logion about “the two” becoming “one,” about the “outside” being like the “inside,” and about “neither male nor female” (12:2b, 6b) and an antignostic agenda for the interpretations of the logion (12:3-5), scholarship has a better chance of opening up promising avenues for interpreting this saying of Jesus and its interpretation in 2 Clement 12.
The Comings of God & the Goings of Time
Authors: Green Chris E.W.
Published: March 2018

This article explores the distinctive theology of time articulated in the Letter to the Hebrews, and identifies how this theology reconfigures familiar understandings of history, eschatology, and Christian ministry. Particular attention is given to the ways that this reading of Hebrews matters for contemporary Pentecostal practice.
Processing the Pentecostal-Buddhist Dialogue
Authors: Daniels Joel D.
Published: March 2018

The Christian–Buddhist dialogue, though relatively new, has produced many important works by influential religious leaders. As religious communities continue to migrate around the world, further dialogue is needed, particularly as societies move more and more toward ostracizing the perceived ‘other’. For Pentecostals, interreligious dialogue is crucial since Pentecostalism is a global religious expression, movement, and tradition. Amos Yong has provided Pentecostals with a useful example of how to successfully dialogue with other traditions through his dialogue with Buddhism; nevertheless, Yong’s project invites additional perspectives and insights. Consequently, the author here proposes panexperientialism, or Process Philosophy, as a frame to enhance the Pentecostal–Buddhist dialogue and to aid other interreligious dialogues that extend beyond these two traditions.
Asian Canadian Minor Transnationalism: A Method of Comparison
Authors: Nolte Victoria
Published: March 2018

This article provides a comparative analysis of Howie Tsui’sCelestials of Saltwater City(2011) and Ali Kazimi’sFair Play(2014), two art installations that centre the histories of different Asian Canadian communities (Chinese Canadian and South Asian Canadian, respectively), but are underscored by paralleled experiences of racism, exclusion, and indenture. I bring these works together to propose a rethinking of Asian Canadian art history through Françoise Lionnet and Shu-mei Shih’s concept of minor transnationalism, a framework which helps map historical formations of “Asian Canadian” that rupture dominant cultural discourse. By comparing the ways in which Asian Canadian artists tell their own stories, drawing attention to narrative and aesthetic resonances not always immediately apparent, minor transnationalism brings into critical focus the subjective connections and experiences of diaspora that are already present but have been obscured through processes of historical erasure and settler colonial nation-building.
Cladotanytarsus saetheri sp. nov. and C. gedanicus Giłka: Holarctic sibling species (Diptera: Chironomidae)
Authors: PUCHALSKI MATEUSZ , PAASIVIRTA LAURI , GIŁKA WOJCIECH
Published: March 2018

Cladotanytarsus saetheri, sp. nov., a widely distributed species (Fennoscandia; Russia: Far East; Canada: Manitoba; USA: Colorado, Michigan, South Carolina, Wisconsin) is described and compared with C. gedanicus Giłka, 2001 on the basis of new records (Fennoscandia; Canada: Manitoba, Nunavut; USA: Colorado, New Mexico). Intraspecific morphological variability of adult males is presented in order to delimit the two previously misidentified species.
Social inclusion of the people with mental health issues: Compare international results
Authors: Santos Jussara Carvalho dos , Barros Sônia , Huxley Peter John
Published: March 2018

Background:

Social inclusion of people with mental health issues is an aim of the World Health Organisation. Many countries have adopted that objective, including Brazil and the United Kingdom and both have focused treatment in the community. The aim of this article is to compare international results using the same inclusion instrument.

Methods:

The samples in this study were 225 people with mental health issues in community services in São Paulo, Brazil. Their results are compared to findings from 168 people with similar mental health issues in Hong Kong, China, and from the United Kingdom – a nationally representative sample of 212 people without mental health issues. The instrument used to measure a social inclusion called Social and Communities Opportunities Profile (SCOPE) has been validated for use in the United Kingdom, China and Brazil.

Results:

The results are that people with mental health issues have worse social inclusion when compared to general population. Between the people with mental health issues, the sample of São Paulo has the lowest social inclusion index but, in relation to access to the Brazilian revised mental health services, that sample has a similarly high inclusion rating to the general population of the United Kingdom.

Conclusion:

Findings are important to understand mental health in the community context, as well as their adversities and potentialities.
Self-Actualization in the Meaning of Psychosis
Authors: Tyler Dina
Published: March 2018

Should clinicians follow prevailing biomedical warnings against attending to the content of psychotic speech? This account of bipolar manic psychosis describes the beliefs of a young woman that included the meaning of life, demonic attacks, and becoming president. A diagnosis of delusions of grandeur prompted a dehumanizing hospitalization and a debilitating course of medication; as well as enduring inpatient ward violence dismissed as further evidence of psychotic symptoms. Only by instead understanding the meaning within these beliefs was their transformative potential realized. She was able to forgo medication and other treatments and embark on a professional in mental health, offering a new response to clients wherein being listened to, discovery, and self-actualization are at the center of care. Psychotic crisis is best understood as an attempt to make sense of traumatic and overwhelming life circumstances in a context of isolation and mistrust. Instead of disease management, relationship building across different perceived realities offers the opportunity to regain social connection and control over one’s life.
Impact of Tobacco Quitlines on Smoking Cessation in Persons With Mental Illness: A Systematic Review
Authors: Schwindt Rhonda , Hudmon Karen Suchanek , Knisely Mitchell , Davis Lorie , Pike Caitlin
Published: March 2018

Persons with mental illness smoke at rates two to four times higher than do persons without mental illness and comprise 30.9% of the U.S. tobacco market. Given the prevalence of mental illness and the known detrimental effects of tobacco, concerted efforts are needed to promote the use of evidence-based treatment options. We conducted a systematic review of studies that examined the impact of tobacco quitline interventions in this population. Results revealed an overall positive impact of cessation services delivered via a tobacco quitline. More research is needed to determine intervention components and patient characteristics that are associated with cessation success.
Predicting Support for Procedurally Just Treatment: The Case of the Israel National Police
Authors: Jonathan-Zamir Tal , Harpaz Amikam
Published: March 2018

The importance of police treating citizens with procedural justice is well recognized. Recently, scholars have begun exploring officers’ views and beliefs that are associated with support for procedurally fair policing, but have not relied on a consistent conceptual framework. In the present study, we propose such a framework, focusing on three core realms of the policing environment: officers’ affiliation with their supervisors, officers’ perceptions of their authority and powers, and officers’ relationship with the public. We then use this framework to predict Israeli police officers’ endorsement of procedurally just policing. We find positive, direct effects for perceived public support, self-legitimacy, years of experience, and being a minority officer. In contrast to previous findings, internal procedural and distributive justice did not show significant effects. We discuss these findings and their implications, and stress that the relationship between attitudes toward procedural justice and actual behavior continues to be explored.
Action Dominance: The Performance Effects of Multiple Action Demands and the Benefits of an Inaction Focus
Authors: Albarracin Dolores , Wang Wei , McCulloch Kathleen C.
Published: March 2018

Four experiments uncovered an action dominance error by which people’s natural focus on actions hinders appropriate responses to social and nonsocial stimuli. This surprising error comprises higher rates of both omission (misses) and commission (false alarms) when, in responding to action and inaction demands, people have higher numbers of action targets. The action dominance error was verified over four experiments using an analog that required responses to words and to target individuals. Experiments 1 and 2 tested our hypotheses and distinguished the action error effect from the effects of practicing action or inaction responses. Experiment 3 linked the error to the greater cognitive load imposed by the higher proportion of action over inaction targets. Furthermore, Experiment 4 demonstrated that (a) there is a default tendency to pay more attention to action (vs. inaction) targets and (b) shifting focus to inaction targets reduces the action dominance error.
Populism, liberalism, and democracy
Authors: Sandel Michael J.
Published: March 2018

The right-wing populism ascendant today is a symptom of the failure of progressive politics. Central to this failure is the uncritical embrace of a neo-liberal version of globalization that benefits those at the top but leaves ordinary citizens feeling disempowered. Progressive parties are unlikely to win back public support unless they learn from the populist protest that has displaced them —not by replicating its xenophobia and strident nationalism, but by taking seriously the legitimate grievances with which these ugly sentiments are entangled. These grievances are not only economic but also moral and cultural; they are not only about wages and jobs but also about social esteem.
Transnational Roma marriage migration: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Šikić-Mićanović Lynette , Radačić Ivana , Golubić Marica Marinović
Published: March 2018

A number of studies argue that marriage migration (migration for the purposes of, or following marriage) invokes numerous anxieties, strategies and ambitions and may therefore be seen as potentially problematic and controversial. More positively, past research has shown that migration can be an emancipatory experience and may be celebrated as a form of agency as women’s marriage migration may be the most efficient and socially accepted means available to disadvantaged women to achieve a measure of social and economic mobility. Conversely, marriage migration may also be an experience of disempowerment because in-marrying wives once in their new environment are often unfamiliar with local customs and family traditions and frequently experience language barriers. Overall, Roma marriage migration in both intra and transnational contexts has been largely neglected as a research theme. This paper offers a preliminary study, based on information from Roma NGO representatives and public officials in Croatia, which attempts to narrow this gap in the literature. We are particularly interested in how Roma NGOs understand the situation of early marriage migration/arranged marriages and give some examples of their advocacy in the area of children’s/women’s rights. Using an intersectionality lens, this study maps out the various circumstances in which Roma women and migration fuse together as entangled trajectories producing situations of vulnerability (and possibly of opportunities). Specifically, this paper explores how ethnicity, gender, age, class, legal status and their intersections are associated with vulnerabilities. In order to examine the multiplicity of factors shaping Roma women’s experience as migrants to Croatia, this article discusses some of the challenges and opportunities that they face in Croatia. This study shows that there is a need for further empirical research on the intersection of marriage and migration from an ethnic/gender/age/class perspective to show how discrimination is multiplied.
Gemfibrozil has antidepressant effects in mice: Involvement of the hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor system
Authors: Ni Yu-Fei , Wang Hao , Gu Qiu-Yan , Wang Fei-Ying , Wang Ying-Jie , Wang Jin-Liang , Jiang Bo
Published: March 2018

Major depressive disorder has become one of the most serious neuropsychiatric disorders worldwide. However, currently available antidepressants used in clinical practice are ineffective for a substantial proportion of patients and always have side effects. Besides being a lipid-regulating agent, gemfibrozil is an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α). We investigated the antidepressant effects of gemfibrozil on C57BL/6J mice using the forced swim test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST), as well as the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model of depression. The changes in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling cascade in the brain after CUMS and gemfibrozil treatment were further assessed. Pharmacological inhibitors and lentivirus-expressed short hairpin RNA (shRNA) were also used to clarify the antidepressant mechanisms of gemfibrozil. Gemfibrozil exhibited significant antidepressant actions in the FST and TST without affecting the locomotor activity of mice. Chronic gemfibrozil administration fully reversed CUMS-induced depressive-like behaviors in the FST, TST and sucrose preference test. Gemfibrozil treatment also restored CUMS-induced inhibition of the hippocampal BDNF signaling pathway. Blocking PPAR-α and BDNF but not the serotonergic system abolished the antidepressant effects of gemfibrozil on mice. Gemfibrozil produced antidepressant effects in mice by promoting the hippocampal BDNF system.
Dose–response, therapeutic time-window and tPA-combinatorial efficacy of compound 21: A randomized, blinded preclinical trial in a rat model of thromboembolic stroke
Authors: Ishrat Tauheed , Fouda Abdelrahman Y , Pillai Bindu , Eldahshan Wael , Ahmed Heba , Waller Jennifer L , Ergul Adviye , Fagan Susan C
Published: March 2018

The aim of this translational, randomized, controlled, blinded preclinical trial was to determine the effect of compound 21 (C21) in embolic stroke. Rats were subjected to embolic-middle cerebral artery occlusion (eMCAO). They received C21 (0.01, 0.03 and 0.06 mg/kg/d) or saline (orally) for five days, with the first-dose given IV at 3 h post-eMCAO. For the time-window study, the optimal-dose of C21 was initiated at 3, 6 or 24 h post-eMCAO and continued for five days. For the combinatorial study, animals received IV-tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) at either 2 or 4 h, with IV-C21 (0.01 mg/kg) or saline at 3 h post-eMCAO and daily thereafter for five days. After performing the behavior tests, brains were collected for analyses. The dose–response study showed significant motor improvements with the lowest-dose (0.01 mg/kg) of C21. In the time-window study, this same dose resulted in improvements when given 6 h and 24 h post-eMCAO. Moreover, C21-treated animals performed better on the novel object recognition test. Neither the single treatment with C21 or tPA (4 h) nor the combination therapy was effective in reducing the hemorrhage or infarct size, although C21 alone lowered sensorimotor deficit scores post-eMCAO. Future studies should focus on the long-term cognitive benefits of C21, rather than acute neuroprotection.
Effects of remifentanil and dexmedetomidine on the mother’s awareness and neonatal Apgar scores in caesarean section under general anaesthesia
Authors: Kart Kenan , Hanci Ayse
Published: March 2018

Objective

This study aimed to compare the effects of remifentanil and dexmedetomidine on awareness during the induction of general anaesthesia.

Material and Methods

Ninety patients scheduled for elective caesarean section under general anaesthesia were included and randomly divided into three anaesthesia groups: 2 mg/kg propofol (control group); 2 mg/kg propofol and 1 µg/kg dexmedetomidine (dexmedetomidine group); and 2 mg/kg propofol and 1 µg/kg remifentanil (remifentanil group). All patients received routine monitoring, and Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes were recorded. The bispectral index and the isolated forearm technique were used to determine the depth of anaesthesia.

Results

Bispectral index values at skin and uterine incisions and at delivery were similar among the groups. The number of patients who responded positively to the isolated arm technique during the induction period was also similar. One-minute Apgar scores in the control group were significantly lower and 5-minute Apgar scores significantly higher than those in the other groups.

Conclusion

The effects of remifentanil and dexmedetomidine added to propofol on maternal awareness, neonatal Apgar scores, and bispectral index values were similar compared with propofol alone. However, it was observed that remifentanil controlled the haemodynamic responses to sympathetic stimuli in a better manner than dexmedetomidine.
Treatment for thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm by fenestrated endovascular aortic repair with physician-modified stent graft
Authors: Yang Xin , Dai Xiang-Chen , Zhu Jie-Chang , Luo Yu-Dong , Fan Hai-Lun , Feng Zhou , Zhang Yi-Wei , Hu Fan-Guo
Published: March 2018

Despite being widely used for several years, the endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) of a thoracoabdominal aneurysm (TAAA) remains challenging, particularly the revascularization of the abdominal aortic visceral branches. A 66-year-old male was admitted to hospital with abdominal bloating and pain. Computed tomographic angiography (CTA) confirmed a Crawford type III TAAA from the distal descending aorta to the suprarenal abdominal aorta that involved the celiac axis, accompanied with an occlusion of the left subclavian artery. Fenestrated-EVAR was performed successfully and 1 week later CTA showed a type III endoleak, which had resolved 3 months later, without stent migration or visceral artery occlusion. In this present case, the surgeons preferred to perform the procedure in three surgical stages, postponing the deployment of a covered stent in the CA fenestration to provide additional time for the development of collateral circulation to the spinal cord as a possible means of preventing postoperative paraplegia.
Oxycodone for prevention of etomidate-induced myoclonus: a randomized double-blind controlled trial
Authors: Wang Wei , Lv Jie , Wang Qi , Yang Lei , Yu Wanyou
Published: March 2018

Objective

This study was performed compare the effectiveness of oxycodone and fentanyl in reducing the incidence and severity of etomidate-induced myoclonus.

Methods

In total, 162 patients with an American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status of I or II were assigned at random to three groups. Patients assigned to Group O received 0.1 mg/kg of oxycodone (n = 54), those assigned to Group F were given 1 µg/kg of fentanyl (n = 54), and those assigned to Group S were given an equal volume of saline intravenously 2 minutes prior to administration of 0.3 mg/kg of etomidate (n = 54). The incidence and severity of myoclonus was evaluated 2 minutes after etomidate administration. The patients’ vital signs, coughing, nausea, dizziness, and other related adverse reactions were also recorded.

Results

The incidence of myoclonus was significantly lower in Group O (0.0%) than in Group F (31.5%) and Group S (72.2%); the intensity was also lowest in Group O. All patients in each group had stable cardiovascular profiles.

Conclusions

Intravenous injection of 0.1 mg/kg of oxycodone 2 minutes prior to etomidate is more effective in preventing etomidate-induced myoclonus during general anesthesia than is 1 µg/kg of fentanyl.
Critical Glenoid Bone Loss in Posterior Shoulder Instability
Authors: Nacca Christopher , Gil Joseph A. , Badida Rohit , Crisco Joseph J. , Owens Brett D.
Published: March 2018

Background:

There is currently no consensus regarding the amount of posterior glenoid bone loss that is considered critical. Critical bone loss is defined as the amount of bone loss that occurs in which an isolated labral repair will not sufficiently restore stability.

Purpose:

The purpose is to identify the critical size of the posterior defect.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Eleven cadaveric shoulders were tested. With the use of a custom robot device, a 50-N compressive force was applied to the glenohumeral joint, and the peak force that was required to translate the humeral head posteriorly and the lateral displacement that occurred with translation were measured. The defect size was measured as a percentage of the glenoid width. Testing was performed in 11 conditions: (1) intact glenoid and labrum, (2) simulated reverse Bankart lesion, (3) the reverse Bankart lesion repaired, (4) a 10% defect, (5) the reverse Bankart lesion repaired, (6) a 20% defect, (7) the reverse Bankart lesion repaired, (8) a 30% defect, (9) the reverse Bankart lesion repaired, (10) a 40% defect, and (11) the reverse Bankart repaired.

Results:

Force and displacement decreased as the size of the osseous defect increased. The mean peak force that occurred with posterior displacement in specimens with a glenoid defect ≥20% and a reverse Bankart repair (13 ± 9 N) was significantly lower than the peak force that occurred in specimens with an isolated reverse Bankart repair (22 ± 10 N) ( P = .0451). In addition, the mean lateral displacement was significantly less in the specimens with a 20% glenoid defect and a reverse Bankart repair (0.61 ± 0.57 mm) compared with the lateral displacement that occurred in specimens with an isolated reverse Bankart repair (1.6 ± 0.78 mm) ( P = .0058).

Conclusion:

An osseous defect that is ≥20% of the posterior glenoid width remains unstable after isolated reverse Bankart repair.

Clinical Relevance:

A bony restoration procedure of the glenoid may be necessary in shoulders with a posterior glenoid defect that is ≥20% of the glenoid width.
The Experience of Obligation: The Enduring Promise of Levinas for Theological Ethics
Authors: Mumford James
Published: March 2018

Emmanuel Levinas has proven a major figure in twentieth-century phenomenology and ethics, and his work has influenced not only Jewish but also Christian ethical thought. However, Levinas has recently been the subject of trenchant critique by his fellow French philosopher, Jean-Yves Lacoste. Lacoste objects to Levinas’s construal of intersubjectivity as fundamentally ethical: essentially, that we only instantiate our humanity when we take responsibility for the Other. This smacks for Lacoste of ‘unworldliness’, and is thus phenomenologically inadequate, since it extirpates from the domain of elementary experiences everything that does not constitute morality. This raises key questions: (1) how best to interpret Lacoste’s challenge; (2) how successful that challenge is, i.e. whether anything in Levinas’s project survive it; (3) and, if so, how best to understand Levinas’s relevance for Christian ethics. I will address all these issues, contending that, contra Lacoste, Levinas’s position does stand up to inspection at one key juncture. I claim, on phenomenological grounds, that it tells us something of vital importance about some special experiences of obligation, some range of moral encounters: that which arises when the subject, as moral agent, finds himself in an immediate, unbidden, dyadic encounter with the other person.
Modeling the growth of a vapor film formed in contact between a hot metal sphere and water in pressure vessels
Authors: Jahangiri Ali
Published: March 2018

The contact between a hot object such as the particles of a molten metal and a cool and relatively volatile fluid such as water likely takes place in metal casting, paper manufacturing industries, and nuclear reactors. The highly intensive and quick heat transfer caused by the contact may increase the pressure in the vapor film formed on a hot particle within a short period leading to the vapor explosion followed by a strong pressure wave in a vessel containing a volatile matter. The present study aims to provide a mathematical model for contacting between a small hot copper metal sphere and water and explain the effect of pressure change in water vessel on the vapor film radius, pressure inside vapor film, as well as the saturation temperature at the interface. In addition, it examines the results of vapor film growth and the internal pressure of the film for such a phenomenon in nuclear power plants with fuel rod coolant pressures ranged between 60 and 150 bar. The results of the extremely high pressures of the vessels indicated an increase in the pressure pulse inside the vapor film within a short period which raised the likelihood of vapor explosion.
Analysis of Institutional Factors Affecting Share Prices: The Case of National Stock Exchange
Authors: Nautiyal Neeraj , Kavidayal P. C.
Published: March 2018

This study offers empirical findings on the impact of institutional variables on firm’s stock market price performance. In order to identify the influence of companies financial on NIFTY 50 Index, our sample consists of balanced panel of 30 actively traded companies (that becomes the study’s index representative) over a massive transition period, 1995–2014. Attempts have been made with a wide range of econometric models and estimators, from the relatively straightforward to (static) more complex (dynamic panel analyses) to deal with the relevant econometric issues. Results indicate that increasing debt in capital structure does not establish any significant relation with the stock prices. Earnings per share (EPS) shows a poor explanation of price variation. Economic value added (EVA) indicates a positive relation with current as well as previous year’s stock price performances. However, dividend payout (DIVP) and dividend per share (DPS) achieve negative relationship at moderately significant level. The present study confirms that performance of companies fundamental ratios will be essential and immensely helpful to investors and analysts in assessing the better stocks that belong to different industry groups.
Impact of Macroeconomic Factors on Cash Holdings?: A Dynamic Panel Model
Authors: Anand Lalita , Thenmozhi M. , Varaiya Nikhil , Bhadhuri Saumitra
Published: March 2018

We examine if macroeconomic factors impact cash holdings and how it influences the speed of adjustment of cash to target levels using the Arellano-Bover/Blundell-Bond dynamic panel model. We analyse a balanced panel and find that exchange rate, stock market index and oil price shocks impact cash holdings positively. We also observe that firms hold more cash in expectation of GDP growth, oil price shocks, increase in credit spread, budget deficit and hold marketable securities in expectation of inflationary conditions in the economy, while they hold less cash in expectation of an increase in exchange rate and increase in long-term and short-term bond rates. We further substantiate that cash holdings in firms adjust to target cash reserves in a dynamic process. We provide strong evidence that macroeconomic policy decisions impact cash levels in firms.
Basel I to Basel III: Impact of Credit Risk and Interest Rate Risk of Banks in India
Authors: Rizvi Noor Ulain , Kashiramka Smita , Singh Shveta
Published: March 2018

The study explores the theoretical background of Basel III and investigates the drivers of interest rate risk and credit risk of banks in various parlances, namely, pre and post the financial crisis, phases of implementation and ownership on a sample of 36 listed banks in India. The findings indicate that the high capital adequacy requirement (CAR) exhibits a positive relation with gross non-performing assets (GNPAs) and net interest margin (NIM). This is perhaps one of the major drawbacks of Basel implementation, which may become a cause of lower GDP in the future as explained in the findings of the literature.

Originality/value: This article is perhaps the first attempt of its kind to empirically examine the bank-specific, macroeconomic variables and link it with the Basel implementation in the Indian banking system for the time period 2002–2015. This study endeavours to enhance the existing empirical research in the field and give insights into the role of various factors on GNPAs and interest rates (with regards to Indian banks).
Spatial Segregation in Indian Cities
Authors: Haque Ismail , Das Dipendra Nath , Patel Priyank Pravin
Published: March 2018

As India transforms into an increasingly urban society, ward-level data from the 2011 Indian Census is analysed to decipher how inequality patterns vary across different scales of urban settlements, highlighting the spatial segregation by gender, caste, socio-economic status (SES) and access to goods, by examining a specific state (Uttar Pradesh) as a microcosm to account for the nation’s enormous socio-political diversity. Caste-based spatial segregation is greater in small and medium cities compared to metropolises, possibly from greater intermingling of socio-cultural identities in larger urban locales that lower caste barriers. This also applies to segregation by SES. Contrastingly, segregation by gender or by access to essential goods is higher in larger and medium cities. Within cities, caste-based segregation is greater than that by SES. A stark spatial segregation in terms of households’ (HHs) access to essential public and private goods exists, often higher than even caste-based segregation. Summary explanations for these differentials in spatial segregation across settlements scales are offered, highlighting probable further research aspects.
Cytokeratin-18 fragments predict treatment response and overall survival in gastric cancer in a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Nagel Michael , Schulz Julia , Maderer Annett , Goepfert Katrin , Gehrke Nadine , Thomaidis Thomas , Thuss-Patience Peter C , Al-Batran Salah E , Hegewisch-Becker Susanna , Grimminger Peter , Galle Peter Robert , Möhler Markus , Schattenberg Jörn Markus
Published: March 2018

Background:

Gastric cancer is common malignancy and exhibits a poor prognosis. At the time of diagnosis, the majority of patients present with metastatic disease which precludes curative treatment. Non-invasive biomarkers which discriminate early from advanced stages or predict the response to treatment are urgently required. This study explored the cytokeratin-18 fragment M30 and full-length cytokeratin-18 M65 in predicting treatment response and survival in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of advanced gastric cancer.

Methods:

Patients enrolled in the SUN-CASE study received sunitinib or placebo as an adjunct to standard therapy with leucovorin (Ca-folinate), 5-fluorouracil, and irinotecan in second or third line. Treatment response rates, progression-free survival and overall survival were assessed during a follow-up period of 12 months. Cytokeratin-18 fragments were analyzed in 52 patients at baseline and day 14 of therapy.

Results:

Levels of M30 correlated with the presence of metastasis and lymph node involvement and decreased significantly during chemotherapy. Importantly, baseline levels of M30 were significantly higher in patients who failed therapy. In addition, patients who did not respond to treatment were also identifiable at day 14 based on elevated M30 levels. By stepwise regression analysis, M30 at day 14 was identified as independent predictor of treatment response. Likewise, serum levels of full-length cytokeratin-18 M65 at baseline also correlated with treatment failure and progression-free survival. The addition of sunitinib did not exert any effects on serum levels of M30 or M65.

Conclusion:

The cytokeratin-18 fragment M30 at day 14 identifies patients that fail to second- or third-line therapy for advanced gastric cancer. Validation of this non-invasive biomarker in gastric cancer is warranted.
Care work by convocation: Activist packages on streets to pedagogical packages in schools
Authors: Sadlier Stephen T.
Published: March 2018

This portrait of activist education, drawn from a larger ethnographic study into critical literacies and teacher activism in Oaxaca, Mexico in the wake of a teacher-driven social movement, showcases the celebrating of a popular, contentious national hero, Benito Juárez. In Mexico’s poorest region, where teacher mobilization on the streets and learning strategies in schools intersect, resistance to authoritarianism and instructional compliance with officialdom often overlap. Although critical multicultural approaches advocate for teaching to reduce the achievement gap or to critique extant power structures and practices, this article locates the repositioning of a mainstream historical personage as a pedagogical package, an allegory for justice and equality. Deploying the hero as a pedagogical package, the activist teachers established democratic education, altering formal timetables and curricular maps and humanizing the formal learning spaces in school in the aftermath of intensified conflict. Celebrating a popular hero on his birthday in school is a convocation for community members, parents, teachers and students to gather. The contentious relationships between teachers and the village community softened, particularly among men, and classroom learning and street-level mobilization formed part of a continuum of teacher practice.
The Use of Email to Coach Early Childhood Teachers
Authors: Barton Erin E. , Pokorski Elizabeth A. , Gossett Stephanie , Sweeney Erin , Qiu Jia , Choi Gounah
Published: March 2018

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of performance-based feedback (PF) delivered via email on early childhood teachers’ sustained use of recommended practices within inclusive early childhood classrooms. A multiple baseline design across behaviors was replicated across three teachers to examine the relation between PF delivered via email and teachers’ use of target recommended practices across settings, over time, and during covert observations. Results indicated PF delivered via email was an effective method for increasing teachers’ use of target behaviors; however, generalization and maintenance varied across teachers.
A Commentary on Personal Thoughts on Early Childhood Special Education Research
Authors: Fixsen Dean L.
Published: March 2018

Strain provides his perspective on four issues facing science and practice in early childhood and special education. He points to the need for (a) long-term functional research, (b) greater emphasis on the use of evidence-based programs in practice, (c) moving special education research back to the Office of Special Education Programs, and (d) research that focuses on individuals and “honor[s] the idiosyncratic needs of an ever more diverse population of families and learners.” Comments are provided regarding each of these perspectives.
Malthus Mysterious Orofacial Cleft Correction
Authors: Diaz Montserrat , Llorente Mar , Asensi Victor
Published: March 2018

Thomas Malthus (1766-1834), distinguished English professor, is the father of modern demography and the most famous harelip carrier of history. Much is known of his orofacial cleft but nothing regarding its mysterious surgical correction. An 1833 portrait of Malthus by John Linnell, finished when he considered himself “handsome enough,” for sitting does not show any upper lip scar. When this surgery took place? Although technically feasible in the 19th century, surgery of cleft lip and palate was complicated. Malthus would not risk his life to have his orofacial disability corrected shortly before his death. Linnell cunningly dissimulated his deformity.
Incidence of Speech-Correcting Surgery in Children With Isolated Cleft Palate
Authors: Gustafsson Charlotta , Heliövaara Arja , Leikola Junnu , Rautio Jorma
Published: March 2018

Objective:

Speech-correcting surgeries (pharyngoplasty) are performed to correct velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI). This study aimed to analyze the need for speech-correcting surgery in children with isolated cleft palate (ICP) and to determine differences among cleft extent, gender, and primary technique used. In addition, we assessed the timing and number of secondary procedures performed and the incidence of operated fistulas.

Design:

Retrospective medical chart review study from hospital archives and electronic records.

Participants:

These comprised the 423 consecutive nonsyndromic children (157 males and 266 females) with ICP treated at the Cleft Palate and Craniofacial Center of Helsinki University Hospital during 1990 to 2016.

Results:

The total incidence of VPI surgery was 33.3% and the fistula repair rate, 7.8%. Children with cleft of both the hard and soft palate (n = 300) had a VPI secondary surgery rate of 37.3% (fistula repair rate 10.7%), whereas children with only cleft of the soft palate (n = 123) had a corresponding rate of 23.6% (fistula repair rate 0.8%). Gender and primary palatoplasty technique were not considered significant factors in need for VPI surgery. The majority of VPI surgeries were performed before school age. One fifth of patients receiving speech-correcting surgery had more than one subsequent procedure.

Conclusion:

The need for speech-correcting surgery and fistula repair was related to the severity of the cleft. Although the majority of the corrective surgeries were done before the age of 7 years, a considerable number were performed at a later stage, necessitating long-term observation.
Determinants of Health-Related and Oral Health–Related Quality of Life in Adults With Orofacial Clefts
Authors: Corrêa de Queiroz Herkrath Ana Paula , Herkrath Fernando José , Bessa Rebelo Maria Augusta , Vettore Mario Vianna
Published: March 2018

Objectives:

To investigate the structural and intermediary determinants of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and oral health–related quality of life (OHRQoL) among adults with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P).

Design and Participants:

A cross-sectional study was conducted with patients enrolled at the referral center for craniofacial anomalies in Manaus, Brazil. Adults aged 18 years or more with nonsyndromic CL/P were selected.

Main Outcome Measures:

Both HRQoL and OHRQoL were assessed using the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey and the Oral Impacts on Daily Performance, respectively. Individual interviews and oral examinations were conducted to collect data on socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, social ties, health-related behaviors, compliance of CL/P protocol, chronic diseases, type of CL/P, oral clinical measures, and CL/P-related measures. Poisson regression was used to test the association of independent variables with HRQoL and OHRQoL outcomes.

Results:

The mean age of the 96 participants was 29.4 ± 9.1 years. Low family income, female sex, low social support, type of CL/P, and dental caries were associated with poor HRQoL and poor OHRQoL ( P < .05). Poor HRQoL was also associated with chronic diseases ( P < .05). Adults with low education, low social network, and smokers were more likely to have worse OHRQoL ( P < .05).

Conclusions:

Structural and intermediary determinants were related to HRQoL and OHRQoL in adults with CL/P, suggesting the need for interdisciplinary approaches to improve the management of CL/P and intersectoral actions to reduce the impact of social inequalities.
From Introducing the World Wide Web to Teaching Advertising in the Digital Age: A Content Analysis of the past Twenty Years of the Journal of Advertising Education
Authors: Crawford Elizabeth C. , Daniel Emory S. , Westerman David K.
Published: March 2018

For 20 years, the Journal of Advertising Education (JAE) has “toiled in the vineyards of advertising academe” to become the primary venue for advertising education scholarship (Johnson, 1996, p. 3). The chronology of the journal has seen many changes in the way advertising professors and instructors educate their students about various topics in advertising. We explored the last 20 years of literature in JAE. A content analysis revealed patterns in areas such as topical focus, methods, authorship and Carnegie classifications of university authors. The study also compared JAE's data with two other journals that have a partial focus on advertising education. The study sets the stage for an exploration of new scholarship for JAE's next 20 years.
Explaining Ethics: Using the Explainer Genre to Integrate Ethics into Advertising Curricula
Authors: Kelso Sandlin Jean
Published: March 2018

Innovations in advertising, such as sponsored social media posts and advertisers’ ability to track consumers’ online activity, pose new ethical considerations for advertising professionals at a time when consumer trust in the industry wanes. Although ethics courses are not required in most advertising programs, ethics curricula can better prepare students for today's dynamic advertising industry. However, adding more content to existing courses is challenging, as advertising educators are already pressed to incorporate new content related to emerging digital technologies. The Ethical Explainer Project, structured using the explainer genre and experiential learning theory was designed to integrate ethics in undergraduate advertising courses. The project meets student learning outcomes related to competencies relevant to advertising – research readiness, collaboration and creating persuasive messages using digital technologies – while simultaneously fostering students’ ethical cognizance.