bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perception Of People About Effects Of Atal Tunnel At Rohtang On The Life Of Tribal People In Lahaul Area In The State Of Himachal Pradesh- India
Authors:   Assistant Professor in Geography, SVGC Ghumarwin Distt Bilaspur H.P. Corresponding  Author: rajender.geohpu@gmail.com, Kumar Rajender
Published: October 2021

The word ‘tribe’ has different connotations for different branches of social sciences. Western anthropologists and sociologists take the term to denote a “primary aggregate of peoples living in a primitive or barbarous condition under a headman or chief”. Indian Constitution assigned special status to the schedule tribes, traditionally referred to as adivasi, vanavasi, tribes or tribals. The Tribal People of Lahaul have been experiencing geographical isolation as the area remain inaccessible for more than six months from the month of November to April every year due to closing of Rohtang Pass the only way to the area. Having difficult geographic environment i.e. mountainous and rugged terrain, extreme cold and dry agro climatic conditions, non- industrialization and limited basic infrastructure facilities at village level Lahaul tribal area of Himachal Pradesh. However, after opening the Atal Tunnel at Rohtang a new era of development, accessibility and connectivity started in this area. The present Paper is to study the perception of these tribal people about effect of Atal tunnel in Lahaul Tribal area. A questionnaire has been prepared and questions related to the effect of opening the tunnel on their Social, Cultural, economic life, opportunities, Challenges and tribal identity has been asked and recoded for analysis. For this purpose the study area has been divided into five physiographic units for sampling at village level. These micro physiographic units are demarcated by ridge line of mountains, drainage network and tehsils boundaries. Considering the geographic spread the purposive random sampling technique will be used for collecting the primary data. In total, 39 sample villages and about 585 households which constitute approximately 15% of total population surveyed for the present study.
Novos Estudos sobre o Direito Processual Civil
Authors:   Vivian D Avila Melo Paixão, Cruz E Tucci José Rogério ,   Raphael Augusto Silva, Yarshell Flávio Luiz , Baptista Puoli José Carlos , Magalhães Bonizzi Marcelo José , de Carvalho Aprigliano Ricardo , de Barros Leonel Ricardo , Henriques Da Costa Susana , Moreira de Andrade Campos Adriana , Vendrametto Quartucci Ângela , Ferreira de Araujo Antonio Carlos , Valeri Távora Bruna , Gozzi Bruno Alexandre , Haddad Jafet Danilo , Da Graça Eduardo , Farah de Mello Erika , Kleib Minelli Reese Fabiana , Cabral Bertelli Fabio Augusto , Possert Costa Pacheco Gabriel , Eberhardt Francisco João , Côrtes João Pedro , Romão Leite Lincoln , Lima Teixeira Luana , Monteiro Luiz Felipe , Favret Luis Henrique , Cruz Azevedo Luiz Henrique , Klein Trompowsky Heck Luiza , de Sousa Santos Neto Manuel Eduardo , de Almeida Peragallos Maria Alice , Ereno Antoniol Matheus , Lopes Ferreira Nálian , Benício Natália Cristina , Gomes Dos Santos Priscila , de Lima Netto Iervolino Basile Renan , Barbosa Lopes Roberta Regina , Da Silva Zafalon Sidnéia Cristina , Medina Ferreira Silvia , Nogueira Guimarães Bianchi Nivoloni Silvia , Guerbali Vinicius , G. F. Jallageas de Lima Vinícius
Published: October 2021

A presente obra é fruto dos Trabalhos de Conclusão de Curso apresentados pelos alunos da 1ª Turma do Curso de pós-graduação lato sensu em Direito Processual Civil promovido pela Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de São Paulo (FD/USP), em parceria com a Associação dos Advogados de São Paulo (AASP). Os artigos contam com a orientação dos docentes que ao longo dos quase 2 anos de estudos se dedicaram intensamente para garantir o sucesso do curso, professores do departamento de direito processual da FD/USP e, ainda, por outros ilustres mestres e doutores convidados, exceto 6 artigos de autoria dos próprios docentes que por meio dessa obra nos brindam um pouco mais com os seus ensinamentos.
The Textuality of Sexuality: Interpreting Homosexuality in Two European Inter-War Narratives
Authors: Myren-Svelstad Per Esben
Published: October 2021

This article is a comparative reading of the novella Verwirrung der Gefühle (1927) by the Austrian author Stefan Zweig and the novel Følelsers forvirring (1937) by the Norwegian author Borghild Krane. While both titles translate as Confusion of Emotions, and both deal with the fates of homosexuals, this is the first study to ask how the connections betweeen the two works create literary meaning, and what this might imply for the textual mode of existence of homosexuality. Employing poststructuralist theories on the textuality of sexuality, this article argues that interpretation of linguistic and cultural signs is fundamental to the idea of homosexuality in the European inter-war years. Positing the existence of a homocultural code, the article explores in depth how the ability to understand and reproduce a particular system of references is depicted as vital in understanding same-sex attraction. Moreover, the article argues that the way Krane intertextually connects her novel to Zweig's novella should be read as symbolic of how the homosexual condition is marked by the mastering of various codes.
Fearing the Future
Authors: Leboeuf Céline
Published: October 2021

This article examines the question of life's meaning in the Anthropocene, an era where the biosphere is significantly threatened by human activities. To introduce the existential dilemma posed by the Anthropocene, Leboeuf considers Samuel Scheffler's Death and the Afterlife. According to Scheffler, the existence of others after one's death shapes how one finds life meaningful. Thus, anyone who sees a connection between the meaning of life and the future of humanity should ask, why live in the Anthropocene? Leboeuf answers this question via William James's lecture “Is Life Worth Living?” James, Leboeuf argues, would enjoin us not to waste time deliberating about life's worthwhileness. Instead, we must meet the challenges placed on us. Today we are summoned by our climate crisis to fight for our survival. Even if our collective future will have been shortened by our inaction, life is worth living in the Anthropocene.
Seven-Figure Settlements and Paid Days Off: An Interview with Devin Kenny
Authors: Love Thomas , Kenny Devin
Published: October 2021

This conversation—presented as an audio track with video slide show—surveys Devin Kenny’s post-internet and anti-capitalist art, which celebrates the survival and flourishing of Black creativity.
ANÁLISE DE ASPECTOS SOCIOCIENTÍFICOS EM LIVROS DIDÁTICOS DE QUÍMICA PARA A SEGUNDA E TERCEIRA SÉRIES DO ENSINO MÉDIO
Authors: Stadler João Paulo , Azevedo Mariana Da Silva
Published: October 2021

Investigar diferentes possibilidades a partir do emprego do livro didático em sala de aula é fundamental quando se reconhece a importância desse recurso didático, ao ponto de se tornar o único instrumento de estudo para o aluno e de apoio ao professor, em alguns contextos, devido à ampla distribuição promovida pelo Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD). A abordagem de Aspectos Sociocientíficos (ASC), dentre as várias concepções de ensino de Química, utiliza a contextualização com base em temas socialmente relevantes mobilizados pela discussão de controvérsias, pautadas no conhecimento científico. Assim, investigar a presença de ASC nos livros didáticos de Química pode auxiliar os professores a empregar essa concepção de ensino. Esta pesquisa foi centrada na análise dos livros de Química destinados à segunda e terceira séries do Ensino Médio pelo PNLD. A metodologia empregada foi a análise de conteúdo baseada nos indicadores: tema global, presença de controvérsia e critérios de relevância para classificar os textos em potenciais promotores de discussões sociocientíficas. Posteriormente foi delimitado o tipo de abordagem e o tipo de controvérsia apresentados. Em geral, a análise dos livros da segunda série do ensino médio apresentou poucos fragmentos com potencial de abordagem ASC. Além disso, é possível perceber que a maioria as obras têm algum potencial de fomentar discussões ASC em sala de aula, mas os livros não trazem todos os elementos necessários para que a discussão da controvérsia se desenvolva, fato que dependerá dos professores e alunos. Como o esperado, a obra com maior incidência, ainda que não na maioria de suas unidades de contexto, é a obra Química Cidadã, por ser construída nessa abordagem.
O Fenômeno Cultural do Misticismo Quântico: possibilidades e perspectivas de investigação
Authors: Tiemi Saito Marcia
Published: October 2021

O fenômeno cultural do misticismo quântico tem provocado reações diversas entre físicos, educadores e pesquisadores da área de Ensino de Física, pela grande popularização que o termo “quântico” adquiriu nas últimas décadas, em âmbitos que transcendem a área da física. Trata-se de um fenômeno complexo e multifacetado, que toca em questões como a natureza da ciência, as fronteiras entre o conhecimento científico e o não científico, questões de fundamentos da Física Quântica e suas implicações para a ciência e para a Educação Científica (EC). O objetivo do presente trabalho é apresentar um panorama dos principais temas relacionados a esse fenômeno, que têm sido explorados nos últimos anos, a fim de identificar novas possibilidades de pesquisa. Para isso, os temas serão apresentados a partir das perspectivas histórica, filosófica, social e educacional. Conclui-se que ainda existem muitas possibilidades de análise desse fenômeno, nas áreas de história, filosofia e sociologia da ciência e na compreensão e na busca de soluções para os seus impactos na ciência e na EC. Espera-se que este trabalho possa contribuir para fornecer um panorama geral dos problemas em aberto, que seja um ponto de partida para novas investigações e que inspire outros pesquisadores a explorarem o tema.
O uso da argumentação na acepção de Stephen Toulmin articulado à abordagem histórico-epistemológica com enfoque no aluno: um caminho possível para construção da aprendizagem em relatividade
Authors: De Araújo Januário Maria Derlandia , Massoni Neusa Teresinha
Published: October 2021

Apresentamos uma proposta de investigação e intervenções no campo temático da História, Filosofia e Sociologia da Ciência articulada a um tema de Física Moderna e Contemporânea (FMC) tendo como público alvo estudantes da Escola Básica e seus professores em atividade, que será desenvolvida no curso de doutorado de um Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ensino de Física. São dois os objetivos principais da proposta:  contribuir para uma educação científica que valorize e integre aspectos da História e Filosofia da Ciência (HFC) no processo de ensino-aprendizagem de conceitos e princípios de Relatividade, buscando problematizar visões ingênuas sobre a natureza da ciência; e construir uma sinergia entre Universidade e escola, focalizando a escuta e a compreensão da identidade do estudante enquanto sujeito da escolarização, a discussão, a divulgação e os usos da argumentação científica, na acepção de Stephen Toulmin (1922-2009).
O centenário debate sobre a interpretação e os fundamentos da Física Quântica
Authors: Freire Junior Olival
Published: October 2021

Apresentamos reflexões sobre a história da mecânica quântica, em especial do debate sobre os fundamentos e interpretações desta teoria científica. Tais reflexões podem ser de utilidade no contexto dos preparativos para o projeto sobre o centenário da mecânica quântica, em 2025. Considerando-se a controvérsia sobre os fundamentos desta teoria como uma controvérsia também quase centenária, examinamos três aspectos: a atitude dos físicos face à pesquisa em fundamentos da teoria quântica, a atitude dos filósofos da ciência face à controvérsia e o papel dos experimentos na elucidação desta controvérsia. As lições que extraímos desta análise podem ser de utilidade no ensino da teoria quântica, particularmente nas primeiras etapas do contato dos estudantes com esta teoria científica.
Impacts of Covid-19 Pandemic on the Early Trimester Pregnancies
Authors: Khosa Fatima , Naeem Masooda , Sultan Zahra , Rizwan Aesha Sadaf , Sher Shazia Jang , Ali Nadia
Published: October 2021

Background and Aim: The COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SAR-CoV-2) had severe consequences and complications on the global health care system. Recent medical studies have been focused on the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on pregnancies outcomes especially early pregnancies. The present study aimed to investigate the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic early-trimester pregnancies. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was carried out on 76 women who visited Obstetrics and Gynecology department for the first and second-trimester viability scan at Government Hospital, Samnabad Lahore from 1st January 2021 to 30th June 2021. Individuals of age between 19 years and 40 years with a diagnosis of spontaneous miscarriage were enrolled in this study. Ethical approval was taken from the respective hospital's ethical review committee. Patients with recurrent pregnancy loss, induced miscarriage, and other co-morbidities were excluded. All the demographic details were taken from the hospital medical record. All the patients underwent routine baseline tests to confirm the COVID-19 history and its impacts on the early trimester of pregnancy. The outcomes of early trimester pregnancy were viable pregnancy, miscarriage, pregnancy loss, and ectopic pregnancy were calculated in terms of frequency and percentage. SPSS version 20 was used for data analysis. Results: The overall mean age study group patients was 28.72± 3.63 years. The control group comprised 57 pregnant women with a gestational age of 5 weeks to 11 weeks, and the mean maternal age was 34.83±4.91 years. Out of total pregnant women, 31 (40.7%) were of age 19-25 years old, 29 (38.2%) had age 25 to 30 years, and 31 to 40 years were 16 (21.1%). Of the total 76 pregnant women, about 41 (54%) had a miscarriage with positive COVID-19 tests and 24 (31.6%) had spouses who had COVID-19 positive tests. History of both spouse and personal positive COVID tests were eleven patients (14.4%). The incidence of miscarriage among control group was 10 (17.5%). Conclusion: Our study found that the COVID-19 pandemic significantly affects the rate of pregnancy loss during the early trimester (first and second pregnancy). The maternal viremia or vertical transmission caused early trimester pregnancy loss and maternal infection during COVID-19. Keywords: Pregnancy, Miscarriage, COVID-19 Pandemic
Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety and Stress in Medical Students, interns and residents in Pakistan
Authors: Arif Anum , Iram Minahil , Nofal Sabih , Sohail Aima , Riaz Bismah , Ahmed Sabeeh
Published: October 2021

Aim: To assess prevalence of Depression, Anxiety, Stress in medical students, interns, and residents in Pakistan Study design: Cross-sectional Survey (Questionnaire) based study. Place and duration of study: This study was conducted at Combined Military Hospital Lahore Medical College from March 2020 to May 2020. Results: 104 participants were included in the study. There was female predominance 58(55.8%), and the mean age was 23.55±1.42. The overall mean score of depression and anxiety was 21.2±12.67 and 15.7±10.67 respectively and most prevalent in third and fourth-year residents. The mean stress score was 13.7, 10. 27. Twenty-eight (26.9%) of the overall participants had extremely severe depression, 36 (34.6 %) had extremely severe anxiety and 13(12.5%) had severe stress. Doctors studying and practicing in the private sector have a higher DASS21 score (p = < 0.006) Conclusion: Multiple factors have been found to contribute to the poor mental health of health care workers, including financial trouble, sleep deprivation, abuse from colleagues, high expectations, female gender, broken relationships, and substance misuse. Keywords: Anxiety Disorders, Depression, Medical, Mental Health Problem Solving, Psychological Distress,
What is the optimum treatment of chronic anal fissure?
Authors: Zaman Khan Said , Arif Anum , Nofil Sabih , Riaz Bismah , Sherwani Nawabzada Zeeeak Farhat Khan , Jan Maria Mir
Published: October 2021

Aim: To compare the efficacy of topical Glyceryl trinitrate 0.2% (GTN) with Lateral internal spincterotomy (LIS) for treating chronic anal fissure (CAF). Methodology: A randomized control trial was carried out in the general surgery department, Lady reading hospital, LRH MTI, Peshawar (January 2018 to July 2018). All consecutive patients 18 to 60 year old presenting to OPD with a clinical diagnosis of chronic anal fissure were enrolled after informed consent. A total of 60 patients were enrolled. The patients were assigned two groups, including treatment group A (lateral internal spinterotomy) or treatment group B (use of Topical GTN ointment 0.2%). Results: Out of the 60 patients, 30 were enrolled into each group. The female had majority of 57% (group A) and 60% (group B). Mean duration regarding symptoms in group A was 1 year with SD ± 3.51 vs 1 year ± 2.98 in group B. Majority of patients in both groups were in the 20 to 40 years age group (74% in group A vs 83% in group B). Complete fissure healing and resolution of symptoms was observed in 27(91%) in group A vs 20(66%) in group B. Conclusion: In conclusion, we derive that lateral internal spincterotomy is more effectual than Topical Glyceryl trinitrate 0.2% for treating chronic anal fissure. Keywords: Chronic anal fissure, lateral internal spincterotomy, Glyceryltrinitrate
Association of Adverse Outcomes with Abnormal Umbilical Artery Waveform in Intrauterine Growth Restricted Pregnancies
Authors: Sarwar Andleeb , Afridi Huma , Riaz Beenish , Afridi Itaat Ullah Khan
Published: October 2021

Background: Intrauterine growth restriction refers to a fetus with a fetal weight in the 10th percentile on ultrasonography who has not reached its biologically set growth potential due to a pathologic condition. Aim: To determine the association of adverse outcome with abnormal umbilical artery waveform groups in intrauterine growth restricted pregnancies. Methods: This Cohort Study was conducted from February 2019 to 12 February 2020 at Gynae & Obs Department, Imran Idrees Teaching Hospital Sialkot, Sialkot Medical College, Sialkot 120 pregnant females, attending Department of Gynae & Obs were recruited into the study after 28 weeks of gestation. The women were divided into two groups depending on their Doppler findings. One group (exposed) comprised of women with intrauterine growth restriction, with absent or reversed diastolic flow in the umbilical artery. The control (unexposed) group included women with small-for-date fetuses, with normal umbilical artery Doppler flow. Results: The mean age of females was 27.40 ± 4.77 years. The mean gestational age was 30.69 ± 2.19 weeks. The mean birth weight of neonates was 2.37 ± 0.90 kg. The mean AGPAR score of neonates was 6.60 ± 1.70. It was observed that there was significant association between groups and low birth weight with p-value = 0.002. Admissions to NICU were significantly lower in normal Doppler wave form group having p-value = 0.001. Conclusion: The percentage of NICU admission was 46.7% and the percentage of low birth weight was 46.7% in intrauterine growth restriction. The mean birth weight was significantly lower in exposed group and the mean APGAR score was also significantly lower in exposed group. Keywords: Apgar score, neonatal intensive care unit, Intrauterine Growth Restriction, Doppler ultrasound,
The Level of Satisfaction of Customers with Online Shopping of Non-Food Personal and household Products and the Factors Contributing to their Satisfaction Level in Dhaka City, Bangladesh: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Alam S.M. Ikhtiar
Published: October 2021

Online shopping has significantly increased across the world in the last five years. In Bangladesh, right now, there are about 6,000active online sellers of non-food products with “Seller Rating”. During Covid-19 Pandemic, it became necessary to sell/buy online. In this regard, two important issues need to be examined properly in the context of Bangladesh. First, the overall level of satisfaction of customers with online shopping and the factors that determine the level of satisfaction of these customers. Accordingly, the paper measures the overall satisfaction level of these customers and identifies the factors that contribute to their overall satisfaction level. It also recommends what the sellers should do to make the overall situation a positive-sumgame. The paper is based on a survey of 1,560 online buyers of nonfood products with different socio-demographic, cultural, and other characteristics. The survey employed a structured questionnaire. A random sampling procedure has been followed in collecting the responses of the sample customers. The paper uses the Lexicographic Model with the relative importance of each factor. The paper finds that the overall satisfaction level of these online shoppers is 50.81% where the male customers are 43.35% satisfied and female customers are 62% satisfied in Dhaka City, Bangladesh. The paper finds nine important factors that contribute to overall satisfaction. Among them, the top three are the right product as promised, price (relative to offline price), and product description (visual and written).
Adding Value to Height Education Through Mainstreaming of Training in Standardization into University Curricula
Authors:   Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Nikolova Evgeniya ,   Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Zhelev Yanislav , Monova-Zheleva Mariya ,   Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
Published: October 2021

In today’s single market, standardization helps integrate market requirements and reduce costs, and standards ensure compatibility, quality, safety and efficiency. The impact of standards is highly dependent on the level of knowledge among the workforce. Knowledge, skills, attitudes and experience in standardization add value to professions and roles in many fields. The rising awareness and spread knowledge about standardization are globally-recognised as a powerful tool to assure public safety having a proficient workforce, bring new technologies to market and drive future businesses. The paper presents the main results of research aiming to identify what is the expectations and requirements of the lecturers and students of five EU countries, namely Bulgaria, Finland, Greece, Latvia, and Romania, for a standardization course. What are opinions, and attitudes of the faculty staff as well as the students regarding the standards focused education? How the integration of the standards’ focused training into HE could be facilitated and improved?
Some Problems in Engineering Education with Computer Science Profile During COVID-19
Authors:   Technical University of Sofia, Tsochev Georgi
Published: October 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic introduced many limitations and changes in our lives and in particular in education. This article presents problems in distance learning in the field of computer networks and information security between March and June 2020 in the training of engineers with computer science profile.
Midlines of Quadrilateral
Authors:   University of Tuzla, Rešić Sead , Omerović Maid ,   University of Travnik, Hadžiomerović Anes Z. ,   Second Gymnasium Mostar, Palić Ahmed ,   University of Travnik
Published: October 2021

In this section we deal with an interesting fact which will imply ABCD some well known theorems. Namely we prove that in a convex quadrilateral whose diagonals meet at O, the midline of the triangle ΔBOC parallel to BC, the midline of the triangle ΔAOD parallel to AD, and the midline of the quadrilateral ABCD connecting the sides AB and CD meet at one point, or are parallel.
The Influence of Emotional Intelligence and Organizational Commitment on Employee Performance at the Department of Labor and Transmigration of Seluma Regency
Authors: Yuniarti Lina , Wijaya Ermy , Ariska Yesi Indian
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of emotional intelligence and organizational commitment on employees’ performance at the Department of Labor and Transmigration of Seluma Regency. The sample in this study was 52 employees at the Department of Labor and Transmigration of Seluma Regency. The data was collected using a questionnaire and the analytical methods used were multiple linear regression, determination test and hypothesis testing. The results of multiple regressions show that the equation Y = 6.045 + 0.419 X1 + 0.458 X2. The result of regression direction is positive, meaning that the higher emotional intelligence and organizational commitment variables, the higher the employees’ performance will also be. The value of the coefficient of determination is 0.595. This means that X1 (emotional intelligence) and X2 (organizational commitment) have a contribution to performance (Y) of 59.5% while the remaining 40.5% is influenced by other variables not examined in this study. Overall, the results t test has a significant value is less than 0.05, so it can be interpreted that X1 (emotional intelligence) and X2 (organizational commitment) have a significant influence on performance (Y) partially or individually. The results of the F test have a significant value of 0.000 < 0 ,05. Because the level of significance below 0.05 indicates that X1 (emotional intelligence) and X2 (organizational commitment) have a significant influence on performance (Y).
The Influence of Viral Marketing And Consumer Confidence Against Online Shopping Decisions for Accounting Students State University of Medan Stambuk 2018
Authors: Sitompul Boy , Sembiring Cristy Natalia
Published: October 2021

ABSTRAK
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh viral marketing dan kepercayaan konsumen keputusan belanja di online shop pada mahasiswa Akuntansi Universitas Negeri Medan Stambuk 2018. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian adalah 65 mahasiswa yang diperoleh dengan menggunakan perhitungan jumlah sampel teori Ferdinan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa viral marketing (X1) dan Kepercayaan Konsumen (X2) secara masing-masing maupun secara bersamaan memiliki pengaruh terhadap pengambilan keputusan belanja online pada mahasiswa akuntansi.
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of viral marketing and consumer confidence in online shopping decisions on Accounting students at the State University of Medan Stambuk 2018. The number of samples in the study was 65 students obtained by using the calculation of the number of samples of Ferdinand's theory. The results of the study show that viral marketing (X1) and Consumer Trust (X2), individually or simultaneously, have an influence on shopping decisions in online stores for accounting students.
Variabilidad de la Producción Cafetalera en El Salvador y su Posible Relación con el Clima Espacial
Authors: Sierra-Figueredo P. , Marinero-Orantes E. A. , Sol-Sanchez A. , Zuniga-González C. A.
Published: October 2021

El objetivo del presente estudio está dirigido a mostrar la posible relación entre la variabilidad de la Actividad Solar y el comportamiento de la producción cafetalera durante 40 años (1980 – 2019) en El Salvador a partir de la base de datos facilitada por el Consejo Salvadoreño del Café (www.csc.gob.sv), consistente en los volúmenes del grano acumulados anualmente. Se analiza a la vez la relación causal con el régimen pluviométrico en la región. La investigación se desarrolló en el marco de la colaboración de la Sociedad Iberoamericana de Bioeconomía y Cambio Climático y la Red Iberoamericana de igual nombre e inspirada en trabajos previos realizados por investigadores miembros de dicha Sociedad en años recientes relacionados con este tema. Se muestran los resultados y se evalúa la posibilidad de la asociación causal.
Detrital Zircon Perspectives on Heavy Mineral Sand Systems, Eucla Basin, Australia
Authors: Gartmair Gisela , Barham Milo , Kirkland Christopher L.
Published: October 2021

Southern Australia’s Cenozoic Eucla basin contains world-class strandline heavy mineral deposits. This study links detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology and heavy mineral compositions from four mineral sand prospects, and a suite of published deposits, to bounding Archean to Neoproterozoic crustal areas. A variable number of distinct sediment sources is recorded from each prospect’s detrital zircon age spectrum. This variability in zircon ages, quantified using a Shannon-Weaver test, serves as a metric of source region heterogeneity. Greater zircon age heterogeneity correlates with heavy mineral enrichment. Enhanced heavy mineral yields reflect retention of resistate over labile minerals—a function of greater sediment transport, reworking, and upgrading processes that parallel those that result in detrital zircon age polymodality. In this case study, greater reworking in intermediate storage sites and transport by longshore processes, eastward along the ~1,000 km spanned by the study sites, corresponds to the direction of progressive heavy mineral enrichment identified in zircon ages and mineral compositions. This approach is a proxy for the duration minerals have spent in the sedimentary system and provides an important perspective for understanding heavy mineral sands.
DESIGN OF CULTURAL CONDITIONS FOR PRODUCTION OF CHONDROITINASE BY ASPERGILLUS NIGER USING DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal - 576 104, Karnataka, India., Kasinathan N , Subrahmanyam V. M. , Josyula V. R
Published: October 2021

Chondroitinases are useful in treating cancer and spinal cord injuries. The work reported so far does not focus on production of fungal chondroitinase. The present study focuses on the optimization of cultural conditions using design of experiments for production of chondroitinase by a fungal isolate CHCS-2, obtained from humus containing poultry waste. The cultural conditions were optimized systematically using a one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) approach, factorial design, Plackett-Burman design (PBD) and Box- Behnken design to identify the composition of the production medium and the level of the variables. The level of significance of the medium components selected by OFAT study viz., yeast extract, chondroitin, and phosphate, was analyzed by factorial studies. The effect of eleven minerals on the enzyme yield was studied by PBD. The interaction among the medium components selected using factorial and PBD viz., yeast extract, cobalt and aluminum was investigated using the Box-Behnken design (BBD). Under the optimized conditions, maximum chondroitinase yield was 22.5 U/mL.
EVALUATION OF TRIBULUS TERRESTRIS MUCILAGE AS BINDER IN TABLET FORMULATIONS
Authors:   School of pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jaipur - 302 017, Rajasthan. India., Arsul V. A , Lahoti S. , Sharma P. K , Shrivastava B.
Published: October 2021

The aim of this study is to develop an economic and effective natural excipient that can be used as an alternative in formulation of tablets. Tribulus terrestris (Zygophyllaceae) is a herbaceous weed native throughout India and mucilage is derived from the freshly dried and coarsely powdered leaves. phytochemical and physiochemical characteristics of mucilage were studied. Mucilage was used in 5 different concentrations (10, 15, 20, 25, and 30% w/V). Metoprolol tartrate was used as model drug for formulation. The DSC and FTIR of drug and mucilage indicate no chemical interaction. The properties were compared with guar gum (GRAS excipient). The granules were prepared by wet granulation process and evaluated. Tablets were prepared and evaluated for disintegration, dissolution and content uniformity and was subjected to stability studies as per ICH guidelines. It was concluded that lower concentration of mucilage can be used as binder. The higher concentration shows sustained release and can be considered as alternative release retardant.
ANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF ABACAVIR SULPHATE AND LAMIVUDINE IN TABLET DOSAGE FORM BY RP-HPLC
Authors:   Chebrolu Hanumaiah Institute, of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chowdavaram, Guntur - 522 002, India., Vidyadhara S , Reddyvalam L. S , Koduri T. , Borra P. K. , Ravilla M.
Published: October 2021

A simple, accurate, precise high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of abacavir sulphate (ABA) and lamivudine (LAM) in combined dosage form. Separation was performed on a C18 column [Agilent ODS UG 5 column, 250 mm x 4.5 mm], with methanol: water (50:50 V/V) isocratic elution using a flow rate of 1mL/min. Good sensitivity was observed with UV detection at 277 nm. After method development, the interference of other active compounds and excipients, repeatability and linearity, were investigated. Retention times of LAM and ABA were found to be 3.3 and 6.3 min, respectively. The method was validated over the range from 2.5-12.5 μg/mL for LAM and 5-25 μg/mL for ABA with correlation coefficients of 0.9997 and 0.9996, respectively. This method was shown to be accurate, robust, selective, linear, and repeatable and can be successfully employed in routine quality control for the simultaneous analysis of ABA and LAM in tablets.
SYNTHESIS, BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION, QSAR AND DOCKING STUDIES OF 2-AMINO-5-(SUBSTITUTED)PHENYL-1,3,4-THIADIAZOLES
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, C. U. Shah College of Pharmacy, S. N. D. T. Women’s University, Santacruz (W), Mumbai - 400 049, Maharashtra, India., Mahajan S. S , Gaitonde A. D.
Published: October 2021

Ten compounds from the series of 2-amino-5-(substituted)phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazoles were synthesized and evaluated for anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. Their structures were characterized by infrared spectroscopy and confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Anti-inflammatory activity was carried out by carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema method using indomethacin as standard. Analgesic activity was performed by acetic-acid induced writhing method in mice using aspirin as standard. The QSAR studies were performed for the analgesic activity using the software ‘Strike’ from Schrodinger. Docking studies were carried out for COX-2 inhibition using the software ‘Glide’ from Schrodinger. The compounds were obtained in good yields and possessed good anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. Various physicochemical parameters, contributing towards analgesic activity were identified from the QSAR studies. The Glide Scores were more or less correlated with the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of compounds.
Preference for improved varietal attributes of Bambara groundnut among smallholder farmers in Ghana
Authors:   Department of Agricultural Economics, Agribusiness and Extension, KNUST, Ghana., Asante Bright , Abadar Richard ,   Department of Agricultural Economics, Agribusiness and Extension, KNUST, Ghana; CSIR-Crops Research Institute, Kumasi, Ghana, Agyeman Kennedy ,   CSIR-Crops Research Institute, Kumasi, Ghana, Ayeh Stephen ,   CSIR-Crops Research Institute, Kumasi, Ghana; Department of Agricultural Economics, Agribusiness and Extension, KNUST, Ghana, Aidoo Robert ,   CSIR-Crops Research Institute, Kumasi, Ghana; Department of Agricultural Economics, Agribusiness and Extension, KNUST, Ghana, Afona Daniel ,   CSIR-Crops Research Institute, Kumasi, Ghana
Published: October 2021

This paper examines farmers’ preferences for an improved Bambara groundnut variety, the key attributes desired, factors influencing preference, and the number of attributes desired by smallholder farmers in Ghana. Using data collected from 113 randomly selected households growing Bambara in the Wenchi and Nkoranza municipalities in southern Ghana, we estimate the factors influencing preference decisions and the intensity of the desired attributes using probit and Poisson regression models respectively. Preference for an improved Bambara variety is influenced by experience in farming, availability of extension services, credit access, membership of farmer-based organisations, plant type, seed colour, household size and yielding capacity. The attributes desired the most by farmers are high yielding capacity, high protein content, branched plant type and seeds that are dark or brown in colour. Furthermore, key factors influencing the number of attributes desired in an improved Bambara variety include the farmer’s sex, education, years of experience in Bambara cultivation, household size, membership of farmer-based organisations and extension services. There is a need to consider these varietal attributes and the factors as integral to research and development efforts, as well as to the policy agenda, to enhance the adoption of improved Bambara varieties for increased productivity and incomes of smallholders in Ghana.
Foodborne diseases and food safety in sub-Saharan Africa: Current situation of three representative countries and policy recommendations for the region
Authors:   Department of Agricultural Economics, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, USA., Granada Yurani , Neuhofer Zachary ,   Department of Agricultural Economics, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, USA., Bauchet Jonathan ,   Department of Hospitality and Tourism Management and Department of Agricultural Economics, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, USA, Ebner Paul ,   Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, USA, Ricker-Gilbert Jacob ,   Department of Agricultural Economics, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, USA
Published: October 2021

This article examines the current state of food safety preparedness and response in three representative countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA): Kenya, Senegal and South Africa. We focus on foodborne diseases associated with the microbial contamination of animal-sourced foods. The results of our analysis indicate that governments in all three countries have official programmes to limit foodborne diseases and mitigate the effects of outbreaks. However, the population in these three countries continues to experience a high burden of foodborne diseases, and knowledge of the specific causes and mitigation of these diseases in SSA is lacking. Furthermore, there is a need for more and better food safety education programming, as we found no study that has collected a representative sample to estimate the level of public awareness of foodborne pathogens in any of the three countries studied. Evidence also suggests that institutional capacity around food safety in both the public and private sectors is insufficient due to limited financial investment and technical capacity. We end by providing suggestions for improving food safety preparedness and response in the region.
Genotypes Environment Interaction for Seven-Week Body Weight of Poultry Breeds
Authors: Eldarnawi Rabab Fathi , Bozrayda Salem Ali , Attia Fathi Ali
Published: October 2021

This study investigated the interaction of poultry breeds x environment under Libyan conditions and compared with that under a temperate zone for a seven-week bodyweight. Data were collected from the weekly records during the rearing period for three grandparent breeds Hypeco, Avian, and Shaver, at Ghotsultan and Tawargha from 1986 to 2001. Traits studied were daily feed consumption, cumulative feed consumption, body weight, feed consumption ratio, and mortality. The model used to analyze the data for the rearing period was included: overall mean, the effects of location, breeds within the year, the flock, seasons, and the age.  Breeds x seasons and breeds x locations interaction were found in weight at seven weeks of age. Avian showed consistent performance under both hot and cold seasons for seven weeks bodyweight (1308.3-1304.4g), while Hypeco and Shaver perform well under cold seasons but not in hot seasons in Libya.  Hypeco and Avian perform less under Libyan conditions compared to temperate zone conditions, whereas Shaver performs a little better under Libyan conditions.  In addition, Hypeco had lower mortality, which was about 2.84%, compared with Avian 3.0%, and Shaver, which was 4.38% during the rearing period. This study could conclude that the performance of grandparent breeds under Libyan conditions was affected by weather and management.
The Influence of Code Retrieval from the Web on Programmer’s Skills, Meth-odologies, and Coding Behaviors
Authors: Mohammed Alfaroq O.M. , Abdelnabi Ziad A. , Abdalla Abdalmunam
Published: October 2021

The development of software projects consists of several stages, such as analysis and design. It also requires a set of skills that the software developer can use to work on the project, such as specifying the requirements and writing code. Developers usually search for source code on the internet for remix and reuse in software production. This paper aims to investigate the influence and effect of code retrieved from the web on programmers’ views, decisions, and skills. A questionnaire instrument was designed and distributed to programmers for their feedback. As a result, we were able to address some points and achieved a better understanding of the interaction between programmers and the code from the web, especially the code from programming forums such as Stack Over Flow.
Factores associados à insatisfação dos médicos dos hospitais de nível terciário em Luanda, Angola
Authors: Merite Tshimbalanga , Gonçalves Mauer A. , Lopes Isaura da Conceição de Almeida , Magalhães Pedro
Published: October 2021

Introdução: Na área de saúde, o grau de satisfação dos profissionais determina a qualidade de serviço e a satisfação dos pacientes.Objectivo: Avaliar os factores associados à insatisfação em médicos que trabalham em unidades hospitalares de nível terciário, em Luanda, Angola.Material e Métodos: Estudo transversal, com uma amostra de médicos das principais unidades hospitalares de nível terciário do sector público em Angola. Utilizamos um questionário adaptado de outros instrumentos validados. Usamos o teste Qui-quadrado para analisar a relação entre a insatisfação profissional e as variáveis demográficas e da vida profissional.Resultados: De um total de 164 participantes, a maior parte (83.5%) relatou a insatisfação profissional, principalmente em relação à remuneração (92.7%), horas de trabalho (89.6%), carência de meios de adequados (80.5%) e segurança pessoal (62.8%). Verificou-se uma associação entre a insatisfação e as variáveis local de trabalho, horas de trabalho, diferenciação profissional e área de especialidade (P <0.05).Conclusão: Os resultados indicam uma elevada taxa de insatisfação profissional entre os médicos dos hospitais de nível terciário em Angola, com particular realce para os aspectos da vida profissional e segurança pessoal, o que sugere a necessidade de atenção para as componentes social e profissional com vista à melhoria da qualidade de serviço prestado pelos médicos.
Establishing an ambulance dispatch system for intrahospital transfers in a large teaching hospital in India
Authors: Swaminathan Prakash , Singh Kshitija , Singh Angel Rajan , Sharma Devender Kumar
Published: October 2021

During the Covid Pandemic, a lot of structural and process changes had to be made in a quick time in almost all the hospitals to accommodate the patients and admit them with the least exposure to the Hospital Staff and the bystanders of the patients. AIIMS Hospital in New Delhi India is a premier tertiary care teaching hospital, which is spread out in different areas. Two Hospital centers of AIIMS were designated as COVID Hospitals. Since there was no previous experience of intrahospital transfers of this magnitude, the hospital had to face lots of difficulties in such transfers and this translated into increased turnaround time. This paper concentrates on the mechanisms in which the Department of Hospital Administration found out the various issues plaguing this process. Later by Change Management, an Intervention was brought in, which helped in the framing of a standard operating procedure that helped in the easy transfer of the patients which was hassle-free and which continued to the second wave of the COVID pandemic.
On the calculations of vertical motion
Authors: WAHAB M. M. ABDEL
Published: October 2021

An expression has been obtained for calculating the altitude dependence of vertical motion on the basis of the equation of mass continuity and the thermodynamic equation. The amount of precipitation is calculated using the proposed method and two other methods and is then compared with the actual amount of precipitations.
Simulation of Sudanese Sugar Cane Bagasse Gasification Process Using ASPEN PLUS
Authors: Mutaz Mawa , Hassan Mohamed Ibrahim , Muhamed Mustafa Hamid
Published: October 2021

Bagasse has traditionally inefficiently burned in boilers for steam and electricity generation which still suffers from significant inefficiencies creating; therefore there is a need for alternative processes to be analyzed. Among the biomass utilization technologies, biomass gasification is an attractive solution for utilizing biomass effectively. In this study Aspen Plus simulation package V8 was used to develop a model for the gasification of Sudanese sugar cane bagasse in a fluidized bed reactor for syngas production. The developed model is based on Gibbs free energy minimization applying the non-stoichiometric equilibrium method for optimization of the gasifier performance. The objective is to study the effect of important operating parameters including gasification temperature, steam to biomass ratio (SBR) and air to biomass ratio (ABR), on syngas composition, low heating value (LHV) of syngas and cold gas efficiency (CGE). The optimal values of syngas composition, LHV and CGE were located at gasification temperature range from 750C to 950C, steam to biomass ratio around 0.5 to 0.8 and air to biomass ratio values equal to or below 0.4.
Supporting Transgender and Gender Diverse Youth in Naturopathic Practice
Authors: Millyard Arlie , Gilbert Cyndi
Published: October 2021

The state of transgender and gender diverse healthcare for youth in CanadaIn Canada, transgender and gender diverse youth (see glossary of terms at the end of this article) report higher rates of bullying, discrimination, violence, psychological distress, self-harm, major depressive episodes, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts compared to their cisgender peers.1
Peningkatan Mutu Pendidikan Sebagai Upaya Kepala Sekolah dalam Memaksimalkan Fungsi Sebagai Supervisi di MTs 1 Kediri
Authors: Sunardi Sunardi , Fauza Khozainil
Published: October 2021

The quality of education in Indonesia in general is still far from what was expected, the 2018 PISA score for Indonesia is ranked 72nd among 77 countries. The quality of education is identical to the maximum processed output. At MTs Negeri 1 Kediri in 2019, one of its students received the highest UNBK scores for SMP and MTs in Kediri Regency. The principal is one of the important factors in improving the quality of education in his school and one of the competences of the principal is as a supervisor. The problems studied were the principal's efforts to improve the quality of education, and the principal's techniques in carrying out supervision in an effort to improve the quality of education at MTs Negeri 1 Kediri. This research is a qualitative research. Data collection techniques using interviews, observation, and documentation. The data validity test used was to increase the persistence of observations and data triangulation. Data analysis techniques are data reduction, data presentation and conclusion. The results of the research, the efforts made by the principal included the formulation of a madrasah vision and mission, a solid team, developing the knowledge of educators, integrating curriculum, facilitating student interests and talents, realization of literacy programs, and maximizing information technology. While the techniques used in improving the quality of education include individual supervision techniques in the form of class visits and observations, individual meetings, and self-assessment. Also group supervision techniques in the form of teacher orientation, teacher meetings, discussions, workshops, exchange of experiences.