bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early Childhood Pre-service Teachers' Perceptions of Teaching Technology to Children in Japan and the United States
Authors: Izumi-Taylor Satomi , Ito Yoko , Gibbons Andrew
Published: January 2011

The purpose of the study was to examine early childhood education pre-service teachers' perceptions of the increasing role of new technologies in classroom environments. Given the growth in interest in a teacher's technological literacy, the research focused on similarities in and differences between pre-service teachers' concepts of technology use in Japan and the United States. The participants consisted of 41 female pre-service teachers in the southeastern United States and 41 pre-service teachers (seven males and 34 females) on the main island of Japan. Qualitative analysis of the data yielded five major themes regarding conceptions of technologies: competence; communication; pros and cons of technology; the importance of external and internal assessments; and the media. The results contrasted American and Japanese pre-service teachers' notions of the role of technology in teaching. American and Japanese pre-service teachers mostly agreed on the importance of child, parent, and community involvement in implementing technology in the early childhood centre.
HE4 in the Differential Diagnosis of a Pelvic Mass: A Case Report
Authors: Anastasi Emanuela , Granato Teresa , Coppa Anna , Manganaro Lucia , Giannini Giuseppe , Comploj Sara , Frati Luigi , Midulla Cecilia
Published: January 2011

Neoplasms of the ovary present an increasing challenge to the physician. Neoplastic ovarian cysts can resemble endometriomas in ultrasound imaging and need to be carefully considered in the differential diagnosis. We report the case of a woman with a strong family history of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, who presented with a pelvic mass. The young girl refused oncogenetic counseling and genetic testing, even though she had a 50% a priori probability of being a BRCA1 mutation carrier. Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and a comparative analysis of the serum concentration of HE-4 and CA125 biomarkers provided accuracy and sensitivity in the diagnosis of a benign ovarian pathology. Based on this experience, we propose that the sensitivity of a screening program based on a HE4 and CA125 assay and MRI in high risk patients with mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes may be considered a useful pre-operative tool for the differential diagnosis of pelvic masses.
The Soy Moratorium in the Amazon Biome Monitored by Remote Sensing Images
Authors: Rudorff Bernardo Friedrich Theodor , Adami Marcos , Aguiar Daniel Alves , Moreira Maurício Alves , Mello Marcio Pupin , Fabiani Leandro , Amaral Daniel Furlan , Pires Bernardo Machado
Published: January 2011

The Soy Moratorium is a pledge agreed to by major soybean companies not to trade soybean produced in deforested areas after 24th July 2006 in the Brazilian Amazon biome. The present study aims to identify soybean planting in these areas using the MOD13Q1 product and TM/Landsat-5 images followed by aerial survey and field inspection. In the 2009/2010 crop year, 6.3 thousand ha of soybean (0.25% of the total deforestation) were identified in areas deforested during the moratorium period. The use of remote sensing satellite images reduced by almost 80% the need for aerial survey to identify soybean planting and allowed monitoring of all deforested areas greater than 25 ha. It is still premature to attribute the recent low deforestation rates in the Amazon biome to the Soy Moratorium, but the initiative has certainly exerted an inhibitory effect on the soybean frontier expansion in this biome.
Another Really, Really Big Virus
Authors: Van Etten James L.
Published: January 2011

Viruses with genomes larger than 300 kb and up to 1.2 Mb, which encode hundreds of proteins, are being discovered and characterized with increasing frequency. Most, but not all, of these large viruses (often referred to as giruses) infect protists that live in aqueous environments. Bioinformatic analyses of metagenomes of aqueous samples indicate that large DNA viruses are quite common in nature and await discovery. One issue that is perhaps not appreciated by the virology community is that large viruses, even those classified in the same family, can differ significantly in morphology, lifestyle, and gene complement. This brief commentary, which will mention some of these unique properties, was stimulated by the characterization of the newest member of this club, virus CroV (Fischer, M.G.; Allen, M.J.; Wilson, W.H.; Suttle, C.A. Giant virus with a remarkable complement of genes infects marine zooplankton. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2010, 107, 19508-19513 [1]). CroV has a 730 kb genome (with ~544 protein-encoding genes) and infects the marine microzooplankton Cafeteria roenbergensis producing a lytic infection.
The inscriptions upon liturgical rolls in Byzantine apse decoration
Authors: Babić Gordana , Walter Christopher
Published: January 2011

REB 34 1976 France p. 269-280

Gordana Babić and Ch. Walter, The inscriptions upon liturgical rolls in Byzantine apse decoration. — The authors present a list of the Incipits of all the liturgical texts which they have noted, inscribed upon the rolls held by bishops painted in Byzantine apses. They add a list of forty-two churches, indicating, for the most part after personal observation, the names of the bishops represented and which text is inscribed on their rolls. They distinguish two principles governing the choice of texts : either a synthetic presentation of the liturgy or the dogma of the real presence of Christ in the consecrated species.
Un incendie à Constantinople en 1305
Authors: Failler Albert
Published: January 2011

REB 36 1978 France p. 153-170

A. Failler, Un incendie à Constantinople en 1305. — L'auteur édite et commente les trois versions conservées du livre XIII, chapitre 10, de l'Histoire de Georges Pachymère. L'édition de Bonn donne un texte qui n'est qu'un démarquage partiel de l'original. Par ailleurs ce chapitre fournit, dans sa version originale, des données chronologiques et toponymiques intéressantes, que le texte abrégé et l'édition correspondante avaient négligées.
Biographical scenes of the Three Hierarchs
Authors: Walter Christopher
Published: January 2011

REB 36 1978 France p. 233-260

Ch. Walter, Biographical scenes of the Three Hierarchs. — The author presents the known examples, some hitherto unpublished or unidentified, of biographical scenes for Gregory of Nazianzus, Basil of Caesarea and John Chrysostom. These scenes, which vary widely in each case, do not provide evidence for the existence of a structured biographical cycle for saintly Byzantine bishops. Either the scenes are pecular to the life of each bishop, or they belong to the general repertoire of the biographical cycle. Only consecration occurs fairly regularly in episcopal biography. In fact, Byzantine artists were more concerned to present the function of a bishop than the events of his life : particularly teaching, charitable action and celebration of the liturgy.
Die angebliche „Metropolis“ Agathopolis im 14. Jahrhundert
Authors: Kresten Otto
Published: January 2011

REB 38 1980 France p. 195-218

O. Kresten, Die angebliche „Metropolis" Agathopolis im 14. Jahrhundert. — Der Autor beschäftigt sich mit den Unterzeichnungen zweier „Metropoliten" von Agathopolis und kommt zu dem Ergebnis, daß die beiden im Patriarchatsregister von Konstantinopel (Cod. Vind. hist. gr. 47) überlieferten Subskriptionen (Ignatios : f. 16, Juli 1315 ; Makarios : f. 222 \ August 1355) weder eine temporäre Erhöhung von Agathopolis zur Metropolis noch ein stellvertretendes Einspringen des Bistums Agathopolis für die Metropolis Adrianopel bezeugen : Beide Namenszuge sind erst nachträglich — von ein und derselben späten Hand — im Cod. Vind. hist. gr. 47 angebracht worden.
A propos de la ville de Patras aux 13e-15e siècles
Authors: Saranti-Mendelovici Hélène
Published: January 2011

REB 38 1980 France p. 219-232

Hélène Saranti-Mendelovici, A propos de la ville de Patras aux 13e-15e siècles. — Malgré sa position stratégique au nord-ouest du Péloponnèse, la ville de Patras n'était protégée aux 13e-15e siècles que par une faible enceinte. La ville avait une certaine activité commerciale, liée à son économie rurale. En raison du caractère montagneux de la région, la ville n'était facilement accessible que par mer. L'absence de port naturel a fait que Patras est restée, malgré sa situation, une ville secondaire.
Saints of Second Iconoclasm in the Madrid Scylitzes
Authors: Walter Christopher
Published: January 2011

REB 39 1981 France p. 307-318

Ch. Walter, Saints of Second Iconoclasm in the Madrid Scylitzes. — Four cycles, illustrating the persecution of the Iconodules, figure in the Madrid Scylitzes. Their iconographical sources are examined with reference to the passages of the text which they accompany. Internal evidence suggests that three cycles were executed specifically for the original manuscript of which the Madrid Scylitzes is a copy. Only for Lazarus the icon-painter is it possible that an independent cycle was available. The miniatures cannot be cited in support of a tradition of chronicle illustration.
Les insignes et la signature du despote
Authors: Failler Albert
Published: January 2011

REB 40 1982 France p. 171-186

A. Failler, Les insignes et la signature du despote. — Dans son Histoire, composée vers le début du 14e siècle, Georges Pachymère utilise fréquemment deux couples d'adjectifs dont la signification précise n'apparaît pas clairement : kokkinos-érythros et porphyrous-oxys. Le premier couple indique la couleur rouge vif, le second la couleur rouge foncé ou violette, sans que la nuance exacte puisse être établie. La première couleur était réservée à l'empereur, la seconde était dévolue au despote, qui fut, à partir du 13e siècle, le premier personnage de la cour après le souverain. Ces couleurs distinctives caractérisaient avant tout la chaussure et la signature de l'empereur et du despote.
Le typikon du sébaste Grégoire Pakourianos
Authors: Gautier Paul
Published: January 2011

REB 42 1984 France p. 5-145

P. Gautier, Le typikon du sébaste Grégoire Pakourianos. — Édition et traduction avec annotation du typikon (version grecque) du sébaste et grand domestique de tout l'Occident, Grégoire Pakourianos (décembre 1083). Dans l'introduction l'auteur esquisse l'histoire particulièrement embrouillée de la tradition manuscrite et littéraire de ce document, et justifie son choix d'un unique témoin pour l'établissement du texte, celui de la Bibliothèque Coraï de Chios (C), estimé grosso modo du 13e siècle, dont celui de Bucarest (B), édité par L. Petit, n'est qu'une mauvaise copie. Une confrontation minutieuse de la version géorgienne (g) contemporaine de C, conservée à Chios dans le même volume que ce manuscrit, avec la version grecque a permis d'améliorer notablement celle-ci, mais aussi de déceler des mécoupures, des lacunes et des omissions fort instructives pour l'histoire et la compréhension de ce texte hérissé de difficultés, dont la rédaction pourrait être postérieure à celle de g.
Grand Comnène Paléologue
Authors: Lampsidis Odysseus
Published: January 2011

REB 42 1984 France p. 225-228

O. Lampsidis, Grand Comnène Paléologue. — L'auteur édite une note du Parisinus graecus 2087, f. 66V, d'après laquelle l'empereur Alexis II portait aussi le patronyme Palaiologos. La note rapporte également la naissance, le 22 juin 1322, d'un enfant prénommé Evgénios, ainsi que le départ à la campagne d'une famille de Trébizonde, le 19 juillet de la même année.
Un colophon métrique d'Athanase le Galésiote (13e s.)
Authors: Declerck José
Published: January 2011

REB 43 1985 France p. 197-208

J. Declerck, "Un colophon métrique d'Athanase le Galésiote (13e s.)". — Le codex Paris, gr. 857, écrit en 1261 par le moine Athanase au mont Galésion, contient un long colophon métrique, composé par le copiste lui-même. Cette pièce est publiée intégralement avec traduction. Après avoir fait quelques observations sur le contenu, le vocabulaire, la grammaire et le mètre, l'auteur réexamine les problèmes que pose l'identification du copiste. Il est hautement probable qu'il s'agit du futur patriarche de Constantinople, Athanase Ier (1289-1293, 1303-1309), lequel était moine au Galésion à l'époque où le codex y fut achevé.
Sur les variations numériques des évêchés byzantins
Authors: Darrouzès Jean
Published: January 2011

REB 44 1986 France p. 5-44

J. Darrouzès, Sur les variations numériques des évêchés byzantins. — Tandis que les listes des métropoles byzantines suivent jusqu'à la fin du 13e siècle une progression relativement régulière et conforme à l'ordre historique de leur apparition, les listes d'évêchés paraissent beaucoup plus stéréotypées ; avant d'attribuer à leurs variations une valeur de témoignage historique (création ou suppression d'un siège), il faut étudier le rapport entre les différentes listes de la même éparchie pour vérifier ce qui dépend des conditions de copie : additions, omissions, transpositions, équivalences de noms. L'analyse repose sur le tableau numérique des évêchés dans les notices 1-4 et 7-13, qui montre la transition entre un état ancien et un état nouveau marquée par la notice 7 (notice de Léon VI et Nicolas Ier).
A propos d'une nouvelle publication de sceaux byzantins
Authors: Oikonomidès Nicolas
Published: January 2011

REB 44 1986 France p. 263-267

N. Oikonomidès, A propos d'une nouvelle publication de sceaux byzantins. — L'auteur fait quelques corrections ou commentaires sur quelques-uns des 1089 sceaux byzantins récemment publiés par G. Zacos et J.W. Nesbitt (Byzantine Lead Seals, II, Berne 1984-1985).
L'éparque de l'armée et le bestiariou
Authors: Failler Albert
Published: January 2011

REB 45 1987 France p. 199-203

A. Failler, L'éparque de l'armée et le bestiariou. — A cause d'une erreur d'édition, on a classé parmi les éparques de l'armée Andrea Morisco, un pirate génois qui fréquentait, dans les premières années du 14e siècle, les eaux environnant Constantinople. En fait, il n'a jamais eu ce titre. L'historien Pachymérès se contente d'affirmer que la charge de bestiariou, détenue alors par Andrea Morisco, correspond à l'ancienne dignité d'éparque de l'armée.
L'empire de Trébizonde et les Turcs au 13e siècle
Authors: Kuršanskis Michel
Published: January 2011

REB 46 1988 France p. 109-124

M. Kursanskis, L'empire de Trébizonde et les Turcs au 13e siècle. — Se servant de sources orientales généralement peu utilisées par les historiens, l'article cherche à éclaircir les rapports existant entre les Grecs de Trébizonde et les Turcs au 13e siècle. L'accent est mis, d'une part, sur les bonnes relations entre les Trapézontins et les Turcs d'Erzurum, lesquels étaient menacés par les Seljuks de Konya. D'autre part sont examinées les luttes des Trapézontins pour conserver le contrôle de la mer Noire méridionale, soit par la conquête de Sinope, soit par des alliances avec des puissances hostiles à l'empire des Seljuks.
Quelques aspects du Plaid de Rižana
Authors: Margetić Lujo
Published: January 2011

REB 46 1988 France p. 125-134

L. Margetic, Quelques aspects du Plaid de Rizana. — L'auteur étudie la différence entre le tribunatus et tribunus, le rôle des domestici, vicarii et locoserva tores, le caractère de l'assemblée appelée communio et congressus et l'existence des serfs en Istrie byzantine et entend prouver que le duc franc a repoussé quelques-uns des griefs des possesseurs istriens présentés au plaid de Rizana.
Notes on the Metropolitan Succession of Thessaloniki, c. 1300
Authors: Rautman Marcus L.
Published: January 2011

REB 46 1988 France p. 147-159

M. L. Rautman, Notes on the Metropolitan Succession of Thessaloniki, c. 1300. — Recently published documents are used to clarify the metropolitan chronology of Thessaloniki in the late 13th and early 14th centuries. Other sources reflect the close ties that existed between the prelates of this important late Byzantine city and Mount Athos, which were expressed in metropolitan support of the monasteries of Thessaloniki.
La ratification des actes privés byzantins par une autorité civile ou ecclésiastique
Authors: Saranti-Mendelovici Hélène
Published: January 2011

REB 46 1988 France p. 167-180

Hélène Saradi-Mendelovici, La ratification des actes privés byzantins par une autorité civile ou ecclésiastique. — La ratification des actes de droit privé par une autorité civile ou ecclésiastique est une pratique nouvelle dans le notariat byzantin. Sa première mention vient de l'acte n° 2 de Zographou daté de 1023 ou 1038. La plupart des actes ratifiés qui nous sont parvenus portent la signature d'évêques. La signature des autorités, apposée à la fin des actes, après les signatures des témoins et du rédacteur, ou au verso, appuyait les documents, leur authenticité et leur contenu. La ratification des actes privés par une autorité montre un éloignement du droit justinien. Son origine est incertaine. Elle a peut-être remplacé l'insinuatio romaine disparue déjà au 6e s. Elle coïncide aussi avec des pratiques occidentales. Connue avant le 13e s., elle devient plus fréquente sous l'influence latine.
Remarques sur des créations d'évêchés byzantins
Authors: Darrouzès Jean
Published: January 2011

REB 47 1989 France p. 209-237

J. Darrouzès, Bemarques sur des créations d'évêchés byzantins. — L'origine des sièges épiscopaux byzantins à partir du 9e siècle n'est guère connue que par des mentions disparates qui demandent un certain effort d'interprétation. L'auteur examine le cas de deux métropoles (Trébizonde et Euchaïta), celui de l'évêché de Maximianai, suffragant de Nicée, et la création des évêchés de Thèbes par le métropolite Kalokténès. Le dernier paragraphe étudie les premières mentions d'union et de donation de sièges, qui suggèrent une évolution de la pratique administrative vers le 12e siècle.
Du monastère Ta Kathara à Thessalonique : Théodore Stoudite sur la route de l'exil
Authors: Cheynet Jean-Claude , Flusin Bernard
Published: January 2011

REB 48 1990 France p. 193-211

J.-C. Cheynet et B. Flusin. Du monastère Ta Kalhara à Thessalonique : Théodore Stoudite sur la route de l'exil. — En 797. Théodore Stoudite adresse à son oncle Platon une lettre (Ep. I, 3; PG 99, col. 913-920) à propos de son exil à Thessalonique. La seconde partie de cette lettre, qui contient l'itinéraire de Théodore, est ici présentée d'après trois manuscrits et traduite. Suit un commentaire géographique : au dépari, les monastères de Ta Kathara et de Sakkoudion ; puis des kômai bithyniennes ; enfin. de Parion à Thessalonique. neuf étapes terrestres ou maritimes.
Thathoul, archonte des archontes
Authors: Cheynet Jean-Claude
Published: January 2011

REB 48 1990 France p. 233-242, 1 pl.

J.-C Cheynet, Thathoul, archonte des archontes. — L'Arménien Thathoul, maître de Marash grâce aux guerriers de la Première Croisade, était déjà connu par Matthieu d'Édesse. Son sceau, conservé à l'IFEB, confirme le titre d'archonte des archontes et révèle la dignité de protonobélissime. Ces éléments permettent de discerner la place qu'il tenait parmi les héritiers de l'État de Philarète Brachamios.
Effect of dog breed and body conformation on vertical ground reaction forces, impulses, and stance times
Authors: Wiestner T. , Galeandro L. , Hässig M. , Montavon P. M. , Voss K.
Published: January 2011

Objectives: To assess whether fully normalised vertical ground reaction forces and stance times obtained at a trot depend on dog breed or body conformations.

Methods: Peak vertical forces (PVF), vertical impulses (VI), stance times (ST), and ratio of forelimb impulse to total impulse (RVI) of 54 dogs of seven different breeds were normalised to body weight and body size according to the theory of dynamic similarity, and were tested for differences between breeds. Breeds were Borzoi, Bernese Mountain dog, Great Dane, Labrador Retriever, Landseer, Rhode-sian Ridgeback, and Rottweiler. Body length ratio (BLR) and body mass index (BMI) were also compared between breeds.

Results: Significant differences between breeds were found for the normalised fore-limb PVF, VI and ST, and hindlimb PVF. Looking at individual breeds, it was most evident that Borzois had a lower forelimb VI, and a higher hindlimb PVF than the other breeds. This resulted in Borzois having a lower RVI compared to other dogs, indicating a more caudally located centre of gravity. Only a few differences in gait parameters were found between other dog breeds. The BMI was significantly lower in Borzois than in other breeds, but was otherwise not associated with gait parameters.

Clinical significance: Force plate data of dogs of different breeds are not necessarily comparable, even after full normalisation to body weight and body size. Group comparisons should only be made when the groups consist of breeds with similar body conformations.
Recent advances in the development of alkyne metathesis catalysts
Authors: Wu Xian , Tamm Matthias
Published: January 2011

The number of well-defined molybdenum and tungsten alkylidyne complexes that are able to catalyze alkyne metathesis reactions efficiently has been significantly expanded in recent years.The latest developments in this field featuring highly active imidazolin-2-iminato- and silanolate–alkylidyne complexes are outlined in this review.
Potent Inhibition of Human Enterovirus 71 Replication by Type I Interferon Subtypes
Authors: Yi Lina , He Yaqing , Chen Ying , Kung Hsiang-Fu , He Ming-Liang
Published: January 2011

Background

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection can induce a series of syndromes including herpangina, viraemia, hand-foot-and-mouth disease and even death. Outbreaks of EV71 infection have been reported periodically over the world and have caused a great number of casualties and a high medical expenditure. Some interferons (IFNs) have been used for the treatment of viral infections for decades; however, conventional IFNs only display mild anti-EV71 activities. No effective drug is currently available for the treatment of EV71 infection. Here, we aimed to investigate whether some IFN subtypes display potent anti-EV71 activities.

Methods

The antiviral activities of 17 type I IFNs were assayed in Vero cells using the cytopathic effect method. Cells were incubated with different concentrations of type I IFNs before or after virus infection. Viral replication was determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The expression levels of IFN downstream antiviral genes were also measured by qRT-PCR.

Results

Out of 17 type I IFNs, 4 IFNs (IFN-α4, IFN-α6, IFN-α14 and IFN-α16) displayed potent antiviral activity. Compared with conventional IFN-α2a, IFN-α14 displayed approximately 20x higher antiviral activity. The superior antiviral effect of IFN-α14 was caused by a strong induction of the downstream antiviral effectors.

Conclusions

IFN-α14 and three other IFNs could be considered for the treatment of EV71 infection.
Corneal Biomechanics Following Epi-LASIK
Authors: Ryan Denise S. , Coe Charles D. , Howard Robin S. , Edwards Jayson D. , Bower Kraig S.
Published: January 2011

Purpose:

To evaluate corneal biomechanical changes following epi-LASIK.

Methods:

In this prospective study of 51 patients, corneal hysteresis (CH), corneal resistance factor (CRF), and intraocular pressure (IOP) were assessed using the Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA, Reichert Technologies) preoperatively and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after epi-LASIK. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare changes over time (alpha=.05). Intraocular pressure was also measured by Goldmann applanation tonometry.

Results:

Corneal hysteresis decreased from 10.22±1.65 mmHg preoperatively to 8.17±1.25 mmHg at 1 month, 8.46±1.44 mmHg at 3 months, 8.63±1.31 mmHg at 6 months, and 8.53±1.49 mmHg at 12 months. Corneal resistance factor decreased from 10.01±1.80 mmHg preoperatively to 7.82±1.68, 8.03±1.85, 7.77±1.50, and 7.80±1.66 mmHg at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively. Repeated measures ANOVA showed a significant change over time for both CH and CRF (
P
<.0005). All measures of IOP changed significantly over time (
P
<.0005).

Conclusions:

Epi-LASIK resulted in a significant change in CH and CRF postoperatively. Although some recovery occurred over time, CH, CRF, and IOP did not revert to preoperative levels.
Development and Guidance of Green Concrete for Leed™ Applications
Authors: Kevern John T
Published: January 2011

As green building rating systems such as LEED™ become more popular, the use of recycled materials in construction is increasing. Concrete can be produced with significant quantities of supplementary cementitious materials or recycled aggregate materials. However, modifying concrete mixture proportions for improved recycled content credits also impacts strength and long-term durability. Without properly understanding the effects recycled materials have on concrete, greener concrete can be less desirable from a lifecycle perspective from poor durability. This research investigates the impacts different types and quantities of supplementary cementitious materials and recycled concrete aggregate have on strength development and concrete durability, specifically deicer scaling. Improvements to deicer scaling resistance were investigated using a novel soybean oil sealer. The concrete mixtures were also evaluated within the LEED™ recycled materials criteria for selection based on economy and total contribution value. Considerations are included to assist designers in the selection of greener concrete mixtures for appropriate applications.
A Synthesis of Best-Value Procurement Practices for Sustainable Design-Build Projects in the Public Sector
Authors: Molenaar Keith R , Sobin Nathaniel , Antillón Eric I
Published: January 2011

Research in sustainable building practices suggests that integrated project delivery methods can more successfully deliver green buildings as measured by cost, schedule, and quality objectives. Design-build is an integrated project delivery method that has increased in use in the public sector. Design-build projects are commonly acquired through best-value procurement, which includes factors in addition to price. However, the procurement process of green buildings requires specific selection factors that are not accounted for in conventional buildings. This study synthesizes the current state of practice for best-value procurement of sustainable design-build projects within the public sector. The findings are based upon a content analysis of procurement documents for 26 projects. The results of this study reveal that procurement opportunities exist to improve best-value award algorithms. The findings show that owners are missing opportunities to evaluate design-builders on sustainable building experience and sustainability of the proposed design in project management plans. Modifying the solicitation documents to include these elements could improve the overall success of delivery.
Proper Regrafting of Ig-Like Transcript 2 after Trogocytosis Allows a Functional Cell–Cell Transfer of Sensitivity
Authors: HoWangYin Kiave-Yune , Caumartin Julien , Favier Benoit , Daouya Marina , Yaghi Layale , Carosella Edgardo D. , LeMaoult Joel
Published: January 2011

The acquisition by T cells of exogenous ligands originally expressed by APC has been already described. However, reports essentially focused on the outward signaling of acquired ligands and their effects on surroundings cells. We investigated the function of transferred receptors (not ligands) on the T cells that acquired them (not on cells they interact with). We show that inhibitory Ig-like transcript 2 receptors efficiently transfer from monocytes to autologous T cells by trogocytosis and integrate within the plasma membrane of the acquirer T cells. Furthermore, the acquired receptors can access compatible signaling machinery within acquirer T cells and use it to signal and alter the functions of their new host cells. These data are a formal demonstration that a transferred molecule may send signals to its new host cell. We also provide evidence that sensitivity to modulatory molecules can be acquired from other cells and introduce the notion of intercellular transfer of sensitivities.
Regulatory T Cells More Effectively Suppress Th1-Induced Airway Inflammation Compared with Th2
Authors: Dehzad Nina , Bopp Tobias , Reuter Sebastian , Klein Matthias , Martin Helen , Ulges Alexander , Stassen Michael , Schild Hansjörg , Buhl Roland , Schmitt Edgar , Taube Christian
Published: January 2011

Asthma is a syndrome with different inflammatory phenotypes. Animal models have shown that, after sensitization and allergen challenge, Th2 and Th1 cells contribute to the development of allergic airway disease. We have previously demonstrated that naturally occurring regulatory T cells (nTregs) can only marginally suppress Th2-induced airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. In this study, we investigated nTreg-mediated suppression of Th2-induced and Th1-induced acute allergic airway disease. We demonstrate in vivo that nTregs exert their suppressive potency via cAMP transfer on Th2- and Th1-induced airway disease. A comparison of both phenotypes revealed that, despite similar cAMP transfers, Th1-driven airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation are more susceptible to nTreg-dependent suppression, suggesting that potential nTreg-based therapeutic strategies might be more effective in patients with predominantly neutrophilic airway inflammation based on deregulated Th1 response.
IL-3 Attenuates Collagen-Induced Arthritis by Modulating the Development of Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells
Authors: Srivastava Rupesh K. , Tomar Geetanjali B. , Barhanpurkar Amruta P. , Gupta Navita , Pote Satish T. , Mishra Gyan C. , Wani Mohan R.
Published: January 2011

IL-3, a cytokine secreted by Th cells, functions as a link between the immune and the hematopoietic system. We previously demonstrated the potent inhibitory role of IL-3 on osteoclastogenesis, pathological bone resorption, and inflammatory arthritis. In this study, we investigated the novel role of IL-3 in development of regulatory T (Treg) cells. We found that IL-3 in a dose-dependent manner increases the percentage of Foxp3+ Treg cells indirectly through secretion of IL-2 by non-Treg cells. These IL-3–expanded Treg cells are competent in suppressing effector T cell proliferation. Interestingly, IL-3 treatment significantly reduces the severity of arthritis and restores the loss of Foxp3+ Treg cells in thymus, lymph nodes, and spleen in collagen-induced arthritis mice. Most significantly, we show that IL-3 decreases the production of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-17A, TNF-α, and IL-1 and increases the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and IL-10 in collagen-induced arthritis mice. Thus, to our knowledge, we provide the first evidence that IL-3 play an important role in modulation of Treg cell development in both in vitro and in vivo conditions, and we suggest its therapeutic potential in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases.
A Combination of Flt3 Ligand cDNA and CpG Oligodeoxynucleotide as Nasal Adjuvant Elicits Protective Secretory-IgA Immunity to Streptococcus pneumoniae in Aged Mice
Authors: Fukuyama Yoshiko , King Janice D. , Kataoka Kosuke , Kobayashi Ryoki , Gilbert Rebekah S. , Hollingshead Susan K. , Briles David E. , Fujihashi Kohtaro
Published: January 2011

Our previous study showed that a combination of a plasmid-expressing Flt3 ligand (pFL) and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODN) as a combined nasal adjuvant elicited mucosal immune responses in aged (2-y-old) mice. In this study, we investigated whether a combination of pFL and CpG ODN as a nasal adjuvant for a pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) would enhance PspA-specific secretory-IgA Ab responses, which could provide protective mucosal immunity against Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in aged mice. Nasal immunization with PspA plus a combination of pFL and CpG ODN elicited elevated levels of PspA-specific secretory-IgA Ab responses in external secretions and plasma in both young adult and aged mice. Significant levels of PspA-specific CD4+ T cell proliferative and PspA-induced Th1- and Th2- type cytokine responses were noted in nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoreticular tissue, cervical lymph nodes, and spleen of aged mice, which were equivalent to those in young adult mice. Additionally, increased numbers of mature-type CD8, CD11b-expressing dendritic cells were detected in mucosal inductive and effector lymphoid tissues of aged mice. Importantly, aged mice given PspA plus a combination of pFL and CpG ODN showed protective immunity against nasal S. pneumoniae colonization. These results demonstrate that nasal delivery of a combined DNA adjuvant offers an attractive possibility for protection against S. pneumoniae in the elderly.
Chemokine-Containing Exosomes Are Released from Heat-Stressed Tumor Cells via Lipid Raft-Dependent Pathway and Act as Efficient Tumor Vaccine
Authors: Chen Taoyong , Guo Jun , Yang Mingjin , Zhu Xuhui , Cao Xuetao
Published: January 2011

Exosomes derived from dendritic cells or tumor cells are a population of nanometer-sized membrane vesicles that can induce specific antitumor immunity. During investigation of the effects of hyperthermia on antitumor immune response, we found that exosomes derived from heat-stressed tumor cells (HS-TEX) could chemoattract and activate dendritic cells (DC) and T cells more potently than that by conventional tumor-derived exosomes. We show that HS-TEX contain chemokines, such as CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, and CCL20, and the chemokine-containing HS-TEX are functionally competent in chemoattracting CD11c+ DC and CD4+/CD8+ T cells both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the production of chemokine-containing HS-TEX could be inhibited by ATP inhibitor, calcium chelator, and cholesterol scavenger, indicating that the mobilization of chemokines into exosomes was ATP- and calcium-dependent and via a lipid raft-dependent pathway. We consistently found that the intracellular chemokines could be enriched in lipid rafts after heat stress. Accordingly, intratumoral injection of HS-TEX could induce specific antitumor immune response more efficiently than that by tumor-derived exosomes, thus inhibiting tumor growth and prolonging survival of tumor-bearing mice more significantly. Therefore, our results demonstrate that exosomes derived from HS-TEX represent a kind of efficient tumor vaccine and can chemoattract and activate DC and T cells, inducing more potent antitumor immune response. Release of chemokines through exosomes via lipid raft-dependent pathway may be a new method of chemokine exocytosis.
Cutting Edge: Coding Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of Endoplasmic Reticulum Aminopeptidase 1 Can Affect Antigenic Peptide Generation In Vitro by Influencing Basic Enzymatic Properties of the Enzyme
Authors: Evnouchidou Irini , Kamal Ram P. , Seregin Sergey S. , Goto Yoshikuni , Tsujimoto Masafumi , Hattori Akira , Voulgari Paraskevi V. , Drosos Alexandros A. , Amalfitano Andrea , York Ian A. , Stratikos Efstratios
Published: January 2011

ER aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) customizes antigenic peptide precursors for MHC class I presentation and edits the antigenic peptide repertoire. Coding single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ERAP1 were recently linked with predisposition to autoimmune disease, suggesting a link between pathogenesis of autoimmunity and ERAP1-mediated Ag processing. To investigate this possibility, we analyzed the effect that disease-linked SNPs have on Ag processing by ERAP1 in vitro. Michaelis–Menten analysis revealed that the presence of SNPs affects the Michaelis constant and turnover number of the enzyme. Strikingly, specific ERAP1 allele-substrate combinations deviate from standard Michaelis–Menten behavior, demonstrating substrate-inhibition kinetics; to our knowledge, this phenomenon has not been described for this enzyme. Cell-based Ag-presentation analysis was consistent with changes in the substrate inhibition constant Ki, further supporting that ERAP1 allelic composition may affect Ag processing in vivo. We propose that these phenomena should be taken into account when evaluating the possible link between Ag processing and autoimmunity.
Spontaneous Hemopericardium Leading to Cardiac Tamponade in a Patient with Essential Thrombocythemia
Authors: Deshmukh Anand , Subbiah Shanmuga P. , Malhotra Sakshi , Deshmukh Pooja , Pasupuleti Suman , Mohiuddin Syed
Published: January 2011

Acute cardiac tamponade requires urgent diagnosis and treatment. Spontaneous hemopericardium leading to cardiac tamponade as an initial manifestation of essential thrombocythemia (ET) has never been reported in the literature. We report a case of a 72-year-old Caucasian female who presented with spontaneous hemopericardium and tamponade requiring emergent pericardiocentesis. The patient was subsequently diagnosed to have ET. ET is characterized by elevated platelet counts that can lead to thrombosis but paradoxically it can also lead to a bleeding diathesis. Physicians should be aware of this complication so that timely life-saving measures can be taken if this complication arises.
Erratum to: “A categorification of quantum sl(n)”
Authors: Khovanov Mikhail , Lauda Aaron D.
Published: January 2011

A sign error in Lemma 6.4 in Quantum Topol. 1 (2010), 1–92, is corrected.
Glycine in aerosol water droplets: a critical assessment of Köhler theory by predicting surface tension from molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Li X. , Hede T. , Tu Y. , Leck C. , Ågren H.
Published: January 2011

Abstract. Aerosol particles in the atmosphere are important participants in the formation of cloud droplets and have significant impact on cloud albedo and global climate. According to the Köhler theory which describes the nucleation and the equilibrium growth of cloud droplets, the surface tension of an aerosol droplet is one of the most important factors that determine the critical supersaturation of droplet activation. In this paper, with specific interest to remote marine aerosol, we predict the surface tension of aerosol droplets by performing molecular dynamics simulations on two model systems, the pure water droplets and glycine in water droplets. The curvature dependence of the surface tension is interpolated by a quadratic polynomial over the nano-sized droplets and the limiting case of a planar interface, so that the so-called Aitken mode particles which are critical for droplet formation could be covered and the Köhler equation could be improved by incorporating surface tension corrections.
Design of a new multi-phase experimental simulation chamber for atmospheric photosmog, aerosol and cloud chemistry research
Authors: Wang J. , Doussin J.-F. , Perrier S. , Perraudin E. , Katrib Y. , Pangui E. , Picquet-Varrault B.
Published: January 2011

Abstract. A new simulation chamber has been built at the Interuniversitary Laboratory of Atmospheric Systems (LISA). The CESAM chamber (French acronym for Experimental Multiphasic Atmospheric Simulation Chamber) is designed to allow research in multiphase atmospheric (photo-)chemistry which involves both gas phase and condensed phase processes including aerosol and cloud chemistry. CESAM has the potential to carry out variable temperature and pressure experiments under a very realistic artificial solar irradiation. It consists of a 4.2 m3 stainless steel vessel equipped with three high pressure xenon arc lamps which provides a controlled and steady environment. Initial characterization results, all carried out at 290–297 K under dry conditions, concerning lighting homogeneity, mixing efficiency, ozone lifetime, radical sources, NOy wall reactivity, particle loss rates, background PM, aerosol formation and cloud generation are given. Photolysis frequencies of NO2 and O3 related to chamber radiation system were found equal to (4.2 × 10−3 s−1) for JNO2 and (1.4 × 10-5 s−1) for J O1D which is comparable to the solar radiation in the boundary layer. An auxiliary mechanism describing NOy wall reactions has been developed. Its inclusion in the Master Chemical Mechanism allowed us to adequately model the results of experiments on the photo-oxidation of propene-NOx-air mixtures. Aerosol yields for the α-pinene + O3 system chosen as a reference were determined and found in good agreement with previous studies. Particle lifetime in the chamber ranges from 10 h to 4 days depending on particle size distribution which indicates that the chamber can provide high quality data on aerosol aging processes and their effects. Being evacuable, it is possible to generate in this new chamber clouds by fast expansion or saturation with or without the presence of pre-existing particles, which will provide a multiphase environment for aerosol-droplet interaction.
Impact of rainfall spatial distribution on rainfall-runoff modelling efficiency and initial soil moisture conditions estimation
Authors: Tramblay Y. , Bouvier C. , Ayral P.-A. , Marchandise A.
Published: January 2011

Abstract. A good knowledge of rainfall is essential for hydrological operational purposes such as flood forecasting. The objective of this paper was to analyze, on a relatively large sample of flood events, how rainfall-runoff modeling using an event-based model can be sensitive to the use of spatial rainfall compared to mean areal rainfall over the watershed. This comparison was based not only on the model's efficiency in reproducing the flood events but also through the estimation of the initial conditions by the model, using different rainfall inputs. The initial conditions of soil moisture are indeed a key factor for flood modeling in the Mediterranean region. In order to provide a soil moisture index that could be related to the initial condition of the model, the soil moisture output of the Safran-Isba-Modcou (SIM) model developed by Météo-France was used. This study was done in the Gardon catchment (545 km2) in South France, using uniform or spatial rainfall data derived from rain gauge and radar for 16 flood events. The event-based model considered combines the SCS runoff production model and the Lag and Route routing model. Results show that spatial rainfall increases the efficiency of the model. The advantage of using spatial rainfall is marked for some of the largest flood events. In addition, the relationship between the model's initial condition and the external predictor of soil moisture provided by the SIM model is better when using spatial rainfall, in particular when using spatial radar data with R2 values increasing from 0.61 to 0.72.
New constraints on the Eastern Mediterranean δ18O:δD relationship
Authors: Cox K. A. , Rohling E. J. , Schmidt G. A. , Schiebel R. , Bacon S. , Winter D. A. , Bolshaw M. , Spero H. J.
Published: January 2011

Abstract. Previous work on oxygen and hydrogen isotope data from Eastern Mediterranean water samples has defined a mixing relationship in this region that is different from the world surface ocean. This prompted speculations about the hydrological processes in the Mediterranean region. We present new δ18O and δD data from the Eastern Mediterranean region and the East Greenland Current system, spanning a wide salinity range. These data define δ18O:δD relationships for both regions that are consistent with the world surface ocean δ18O:δD relationship, despite the highly evaporative conditions that prevail in the Mediterranean region. These new geochemical data have suggested that the world surface ocean &delta18O:δD relationship holds throughout almost the entire global salinity range.
Hydrogen Economy
Authors: Wells Stephen A. , Sartbaeva Asel , Kuznetsov Vladimir L. , Edwards Peter P.
Published: January 2011

Hydrogen technologies and fuel cells evoke, for many people, vision of a future in which electrical energy and heat can be generated not only cleanly but also noiselessly and efficiently—with only water as by‐product at the point of use. These technologies—particularly for transport applications—are viewed as a bridge to a sustainable and secure energy future. But despite its clear promise, hydrogen is today still largely only a potential energy carrier of the future; this chemical element is usually a key component of long‐term energy policies. But, as recently noted by Eames and McDowall: “…it is expectations about, and visions of, the future of hydrogen that are currently driving investment and research.”

This article explores some of these expectations; in particular, we examine important scientific and technological issues concerning the production, storage, and utilization of hydrogen, as well as outlining the interrelated—and equally challenging—socioeconomic issues for a future hydrogen energy economy. We hope that this approach allows the reader to assess the complexities, challenges—and, of course, the considerable potential—of hydrogen and fuel cells in long‐term transport strategies. We illustrate the very considerable central role of chemistry in building innovative solutions to key areas of a future hydrogen energy economy.
Methane–to–Methanol Conversion
Authors: Hashiguchi Brian G. , Hövelmann Claas H. , Bischof Steven M. , Lokare Kapil S. , Leung Chin Hin , Periana Roy A.
Published: January 2011

Natural gas (NG) is an abundant, clean, underutilized fossil fuel that can augment or replace petroleum as the feedstock to fuels and chemicals. However, given the relatively high transportation costs for this highly volatile gas, utilization of NG will only be possible if inexpensive, efficient, large‐scale technologies can be developed tochemicallyconvert NG to liquids feedstocks (e.g., long chain alkanes or methanol). Current syngas‐based technologies can carry out this chemical conversion with very high carbon yield (∼70%) while utilizing the only economically viable co‐reactant on this enormous scale: dioxygen or ideally air. However, despite these attractive characteristics, these processes are too expensive to displace petroleum primarily due to the high capital costs associated with the high temperatures required to generate syngas. Substantial effort toward the development of less expensive, lower temperature (<250 °C) processes for the selective, high‐yield oxidative conversion of methane, the major component of NG, to functionalized products has yielded a number of potential systems. This article is focused on one very promising approach: the use of homogenous organometallic and/or inorganic complexes in liquid solutions to mediate the oxidative conversion of methane. Heterogeneous (gas/solid) systems are not covered. Considering the ultimate goal of replacing petroleum with NG, we have organized this article with respect to both fundamental chemistry as well as the important practical considerations of whether or not systems can utilize dixoygen as the ultimate co‐reactant. Two fundamentally different mechanistic strategies have emerged: (i) the use of coordination catalysts that coordinate and cleave the CH bond of methane (defined as CH activation) or that coordinate and activate the co‐reactant (defined as oxidant activation), and (ii) the use of chain reactions based on reactive species such as free radicals or other chain carrying species. Systems that fall into these two categories are further categorized with respect to whether or not oxygen is or can be utilized as the ultimate co‐reactant. The goal is to provide the reader with an efficient way of quickly finding or classifying the rapidly growing body of literature by reaction mechanism and co‐reactant utilized.