bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Testing feldspar luminescence dating of young archaeological heated materials using potshards from Pella (Tell Tabqat Fahl) in the Jordan valley
Authors: Al Khasawneh Sahar , Murray Andrew S. , Bourke Stephen , Bonatz Dominik
Published: May 2017

Recent developments in the use of more stable feldspar signals in the luminescence dating of sediments offer the possibility of obtaining accurate feldspar luminescence ages for ceramic artefacts; this is especially interesting in locations which do not provide suitable quartz extracts. Here we examine the application of the stable infrared stimulated luminescence signal measured at elevated temperature (in this case 290°C; pIRIR290) after stimulation at about room temperature to Levantine pottery samples. A total of 52 potsherds were collected from three superimposed iron-age units at Pella (Jordan); based on 14C dating, typology and seriation these units were deposited between 700 and 900 BCE. Sand-sized quartz extracts were unsuitable, and there was insufficient sand-sized feldspar, and so polymineral fine grains were chosen for dating. Various tests for reliability were undertaken (dose recovery, dependence of De on first stimulation temperature etc.). The pIRIR signals are weak, and 14 potsherds were rejected on this basis. Of the remainder, 3 were confidently identified as outliers. Based on those sherds for which IR signals were sufficiently intense, we use the ratio of the IR50 to pIRIR290 signals to argue that these outliers do not arise from incomplete resetting during manufacture. The ages from each layer are considerably over dispersed (typically by ∼25%) but average ages for each unit are consistent with each other and with the expected age range. The average OSL age for the site is 2840 ± 220 years (n = 35), with the overall uncertainty dominated by systematic uncertainties; this average is consistent with the range of 14C ages from 970–1270 BCE reported from across the destruction horizon. We conclude that the pIRIR290 signal is delivering accurate ages, but that the variability in age from shard to shard is much greater than would be expected from known sources of uncertainty. This demonstrates the need for site ages to be based on multiple samples; individual shard ages are unlikely to be sufficiently accurate.
Crystal structure of (E)-1-[1-(3-chloro-4-fluoro-phenyl)ethylidene]-2-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)hydrazine, C28H20Cl2F2N8O8
Authors: Liu Gang , Hu Yao-Dong , Wang Yi-Han
Published: May 2017

C28H20Cl2F2N8O8, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 9.045(3) Å, b = 10.907(4) Å, c = 15.351(5) Å, α = 93.416(7)°, β = 95.771(7)°, γ = 95.915(6)°, V = 1495.0(9) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0655, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1940, T = 293 K.
A type-II clathrate with a Li-Ge framework
Authors: Böhme Bodo , Wei Kaya , Bobnar Matej , Prots Yurii , Burkhardt Ulrich , Baitinger Michael , Nolas George S. , Grin Yuri
Published: May 2017

Na16Cs8Li
x
Ge136−x
(x≈2.8, space group Fd3̅m) is the first intermetallic type-II clathrate with a lithium-substituted framework. The phase was obtained from the elements in sealed Ta ampoules by annealing at 650°C for 5 days. Samples were investigated by synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction, solid-state NMR, microstructure and chemical analysis. The substitution of Ge by Li atoms causes a marked shrinking of the lattice parameter. Studies by 7Li NMR confirmed the presence of Li in the clathrate phase and the 23Na and 133Cs NMR spectra consistently showed distinct changes as compared to the ternary Na16Cs8Ge136. The SEDOR technique revealed a distance between Li and Cs atoms in agreement with the result of crystal structure refinement, indicating Li substitution at site 96g. The distinct Knight shift of all NMR signals implies metallic behaviour of the clathrate phase, measurements of the magnetic susceptibility indicate diamagnetic behaviour.
Structural insight into recognition of phosphorylated threonine‐4 of RNA polymerase II C‐terminal domain by Rtt103p
Authors: Jasnovidova Olga , Krejcikova Magdalena , Kubicek Karel , Stefl Richard
Published: May 2017

Phosphorylation patterns of the C‐terminal domain (CTD) of largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (called the CTD code) orchestrate the recruitment of RNA processing and transcription factors. Recent studies showed that not only serines and tyrosines but also threonines of the CTD can be phosphorylated with a number of functional consequences, including the interaction with yeast transcription termination factor, Rtt103p. Here, we report the solution structure of the Rtt103p CTD‐interacting domain (CID) bound to Thr4 phosphorylated CTD, a poorly understood letter of the CTD code. The structure reveals a direct recognition of the phospho‐Thr4 mark by Rtt103p CID and extensive interactions involving residues from three repeats of the CTD heptad. Intriguingly, Rtt103p's CID binds equally well Thr4 and Ser2 phosphorylated CTD. A doubly phosphorylated CTD at Ser2 and Thr4 diminishes its binding affinity due to electrostatic repulsion. Our structural data suggest that the recruitment of a CID‐containing CTD‐binding factor may be coded by more than one letter of the CTD code.
A genome editing approach to study cancer stem cells in human tumors
Authors: Cortina Carme , Turon Gemma , Stork Diana , Hernando‐Momblona Xavier , Sevillano Marta , Aguilera Mònica , Tosi Sébastien , Merlos‐Suárez Anna , Stephan‐Otto Attolini Camille , Sancho Elena , Batlle Eduard
Published: May 2017

The analysis of stem cell hierarchies in human cancers has been hampered by the impossibility of identifying or tracking tumor cell populations in an intact environment. To overcome this limitation, we devised a strategy based on editing the genomes of patient‐derived tumor organoids using CRISPR/Cas9 technology to integrate reporter cassettes at desired marker genes. As proof of concept, we engineered human colorectal cancer (CRC) organoids that carry EGFP and lineage‐tracing cassettes knocked in the LGR5 locus. Analysis of LGR5‐EGFP+ cells isolated from organoid‐derived xenografts demonstrated that these cells express a gene program similar to that of normal intestinal stem cells and that they propagate the disease to recipient mice very efficiently. Lineage‐tracing experiments showed that LGR5+ CRC cells self‐renew and generate progeny over long time periods that undergo differentiation toward mucosecreting‐ and absorptive‐like phenotypes. These genetic experiments confirm that human CRCs adopt a hierarchical organization reminiscent of that of the normal colonic epithelium. The strategy described herein may have broad applications to study cell heterogeneity in human tumors.
MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Present and future perspectives for medical therapy of nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas
Authors: Greenman Yona
Published: May 2017

In contrast to the clear indication for surgical treatment in symptomatic patients with clinically nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPA), there are no randomized controlled studies comparing therapeutic strategies such as watchful waiting, irradiation or medical therapy for the management of NFPA after surgery. Further, no medical therapy is currently approved for the treatment of NFPA. In this review, we summarize accumulating data on medications currently approved for secreting pituitary adenomas, used off-label in patients with NFPA. Perspectives on overall treatment optimization and potential future therapies are also detailed.
The SOS and RpoS Regulons Contribute to Bacterial Cell Robustness to Genotoxic Stress by Synergistically Regulating DNA Polymerase Pol II
Authors: Dapa Tanja , Fleurier Sébastien , Bredeche Marie-Florence , Matic Ivan
Published: May 2017

Mitomycin C (MMC) is a genotoxic agent that induces DNA cross-links, DNA alkylation, and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). MMC induces the SOS response and RpoS regulons in Escherichia coli. SOS-encoded functions are required for DNA repair, whereas the RpoS regulon is typically induced by metabolic stresses that slow growth. Thus, induction of the RpoS regulon by MMC may be coincidental, because DNA damage slows growth; alternatively, the RpoS regulon may be an adaptive response contributing to cell survival. In this study, we show that the RpoS regulon is primarily induced by MMC-induced ROS production. We also show that RpoS regulon induction is required for the survival of MMC-treated growing cells. The major contributor to RpoS-dependent resistance to MMC treatment is DNA polymerase Pol II, which is encoded by the polB gene belonging to the SOS regulon. The observation that polB gene expression is controlled by the two major stress response regulons that are required to maximize survival and fitness further emphasizes the key role of this DNA polymerase as an important factor in genome stability.
Fundamentos del tipo de cambio real en Costa Rica (2001-2014)
Authors: Fonseca Hernández Raúl , Rodríguez Ramos Nancy , Martínez Arias Emil
Published: May 2017

El documento está orientado a profesionales de ciencias sociales con el objetivo de orientarles en la comprensión del comportamiento del Índice de Tipo de Cambio Real de Costa Rica (ITCER) en relación con sus fundamentos. Se utiliza el modelo teórico behavioral equilibrium exchange rate (BEER) para identificar y analizar los efectos en estas variables sobre el ITCER. Los seis indicadores analizados fueron: términos de intercambio, absorción fiscal, IED, tasa de interés real doméstica y productividad relativa de la economía. Estos explican adecuadamente el comportamiento del tipo de cambio real, pese a presentar una gran variabilidad. Se identifican claramente dos periodos en el comportamiento del ITCER: el primero (2001 y 2005), se presenta un periodo de depreciación, observándose posteriormente (2006 y 2014) un marcado proceso de apreciación en términos reales del colón costarricense.
La educación ambiental ante el problema ético del desarrollo
Authors: González-Escobar Carlos Humberto
Published: May 2017

The objective of this literature review is to understand the complexity of the environmental issue in a context of civilizational crisis generated by the scientific paradigm and the prevailing forms of knowledge. From this research, the objective is to evaluate the pedagogical exercise and the role of the environmental education in the supreme task of forming a cognitive, ethical, political, and historical subject capable of taking the new planetary challenges on. The structural order of this essay focuses on a critical reflection on the environmental crisis; it also questions the restrictions of the environmental education, and, from the complexity, the reasons for trying to incorporate new fields of study with a transdisciplinary approach. This paper analyzes the structural causes of the discourse of development as factors that generate the social, political and environmental conflict in Colombia. These causes are reflected in an institutional crisis, absence of the State, and, therefore, in governability; for which education makes possible a pedagogical exercise in a critical formation that leads to a configuration of democracy and public management. The exercise of power, the decision-making and the role of human subjects must be accomplished in a conscious and ethical way (integrative values). In order to achieve this, an ethics of development is essential to understand and assume responsibility for environmental issues. It is understood, then, that the development supports an ethical dimension promoting sustainable interactions between the society and the nature.
¿Es posible la reconstrucción de la teoría de la educación de personas adultas integrando las perspectivas humanistas, críticas y postmodernas?
Authors: Sánchez-Domenech Iluminada , Rubia-Avi Mariano
Published: May 2017

This essay tries to answer the following question: is it possible the integration of apparently excluding or contradictory conceptions in the construction of the theory of adult education (AE)? We assume that there is a need for the professionals in charge of adult education to have a theoretical framework of reference that guides them in their practice, and helps them in the development of their own identity as professionals. However, the contributions of different schools of thought have tended to be contradictory or mutually excluding, hindering the development of the theory. Following the objectives of knowledge of the theory of education, we analyze some key concepts that have centered the discussions on the field of study of the AE over the past four decades. For this analysis, we create a dialectical interaction between the humanistic, critical, and postmoderm educational thoughts through some of their most representative authors and around those concepts. In this way, it is shown how it is possible to reconsider the AE from an integrative perspective, although with conceptual and ideological nuances that, far from being an obstacle, enrich the theory and reflect the diversity of the same social agents.
Noción de ciudadanía en estudiantes de pedagogía
Authors: Fernández-Vega Juan Pablo , Cárcamo-Vásquez Héctor Gonzalo
Published: May 2017

This research aims to recognize the notion of citizenship owned by university students enrolled in the career of History and Geography Teaching at Bío-Bío University (Chile), in 2015. It is based on the methods of education for political, social, and active citizenship from a critical position. It is a descriptive, quantitative approach, with a single study case. A survey aimed at the entire population (census) was used. Thus, it is concluded that the future teaching staff seems to adhere to training methods for social citizenship, corresponding with Marshallian notions of citizenship. However, this notion is not entirely pure, because as reflected in the results, it is importantly present in training for active and critical citizenship.
Polymer Sensitive Elements for Gas Sensors of Ammonia
Authors: Tsizh B.R. , Aksimentyeva O.I. , Chokhan M.I.
Published: May 2017

The influence of ammonia on the optical absorption spectra of thin films of polyaniline (PANI), poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT), mixtures thereof, and the bilayer film structures based on PANI and PEDOT obtained by electrochemical method were studied. The kinetics of changes in the optical absorption of these structures under the action of ammonia was explored in the spectral range of 350 ... 900 nm. We proved that the thin-film structure of PANI / PEDOT significantly extends the spectral range of sensitivity to ammonia of individual PANI n PEDOT films by superposition of high gas sensitivity of PANI and PEDOT films in the range of wavelength of 500 ... 700 nm and 350... 550 nm respectively. It was shown that the area under the spectra of change of the optical absorption of thin-film structure of PANI / PEDOT is in 1.45 times larger than the area of the same for individual components of the layers, which is the key to increasing the sensitivity of the gas sensors. The results can be used to optimize ammonia gas sensors for monitoring biotechnological processes in food industry and the environment.
Отримання казеїнових фосфопептидів за дії протеолітичних систем лактококів
Authors: Yukalo V.G. , Storozh L.A.
Published: May 2017

Протеїни молока, зокрема протеїни казеїнового комплексу, є попередниками біологічно активних пептидів. Ці пептиди утворюються в процесі розщеплення казеїнів травними протеазами у шлунково-кишковому тракті. Також вони можуть звільнятися під час технологічних процесів виробництва молочних продуктів за дії молокозгортальних препаратів та ензимів протеолітичних систем молочнокислих бактерій. Одними із найважливіших біологічно активних пептидів, які утворюються з казеїнів, є фосфопептиди. Вони позитивно впливають на засвоєння кальцію та інших двовалентних іонів металів. Для отримання фосфопептидів із казеїну використовують активні протеолітичні препарати тваринного, рослинного і мікробіологічного походження. Не з’ясованим залишається питання можливості утворення фосфопептидів за дії протеаз молочнокислих бактерій, зокрема лактококів, які поширені в молоці та молочних продуктах. Метою нашої роботи було встановити можливість утворення казеїнових фосфопептидів за дії ензимів протеїназа-позитивних протеолітично активних лактококів. Для досліджень була використана протеолітична система, яка дозволила збільшити активність протеаз лактококів. Були відібрані три штами протеїназа-позитивних протеолітично активних лактококів різних підвидів. Як субстрати були виділені загальний кислотний казеїн, нативний міцелярний казеїн, суміш фракцій αS1-CN і αS2-CN, β-CN. У всіх випадках вихід фосфопептидів не перевищував 3%. Такий вихід є занадто низьким для виробництва фосфопептидів, але може мати значення при їх утворенні у ферментованих молочних продуктах.
Газочутливість плівок поліортотолуїдину
Authors: Tsyzh B.R. , Dzeryn M.R. , Horbenko Yu.Yu.
Published: May 2017

Електропровідні полімери, в тому числі поліпірол, поліанілін, політіофен та їхні похідні, використовують як активні шари для газових сенсорів ще з 1980-х років. Порівняно з комерційно доступними сенсорами на основі неорганічних речовин, зокрема високовартісних напівпровідників і оксидів металів, чутливі елементи, отримані на основі спряжених полімерів, привертають увагу завдяки простішому та дешевшому способу виготовлення. У цій роботі запропоновано чутливі елементи сенсорних пристроїв на основі електропровідного полімеру – поліортотолуїдину (ПоТ) та вивчено зміну оптичних характеристик тонких плівок ПоТ на прозорих поверхнях під впливом газів NH3, HCl, H2S. Показано, що внаслідок дії парів аміаку та хлороводню в оптичних спектрах ПоТ відбуваються суттєві зміни інтенсивності та зсув максимуму оптичного поглинання.
Вплив спрямованого годування на амінокислотний склад м’яса
Authors: Vinnikova L. , Tsyhura V.
Published: May 2017

Стаття присвячена вивченню впливу спрямованого годування на амінокислотний склад м’яса свиней. Біологічна цінність білка характеризується ступенем відповідності його амінокислотного складу потребам організму в амінокислотах для синтезу білка. Білкові речовини, до складу яких не входить хоча б одна з життєво необхідних амінокислот чи міститься їх у дуже незначній кількості, що не може забезпечити нормальну діяльність організму, належать до неповноцінних. Тому, визначаючи харчову цінність м’яса враховували насамперед, якою мірою кількісне співвідношення незамінних амінокислот, що міститься в ньому, наближається до оптимального, визначеного міжнародною комісією ФАО/ВООЗ, а також сумарне співвідношення незамінних та замінних амінокислот. Амінокислотний склад білкових речовин може змінюватися залежно від виду, статі, віку і навіть фізіологічного стану тварин перед забоєм. Співвідношення вмісту в м’язовій тканині незамінних амінокислот наближається до оптимального. Тому м’язову тканину продуктивних тварин потрібно розглядати як основне джерело білкових ресурсів харчування і як найціннішу складову м’яса. В зразках, отриманих від дослідних груп свиней породи ландрас, виявили підвищення синтезу незамінних амінокислот порівняно з контрольною групою. У 100 г білка м’язової тканини, отриманої від туш контрольної групи свиней міститься 4,051 г незамінних амінокислот; у м’ясі туш І дослідної групи – 4,202 г, у м’ясі туш ІІ дослідної групи – 4,505 г. Для оцінки біологічної цінності м’яса визначили амінокислотний скор білків найдовшого м’яза спини. Амінокислотний скор білків м’яса свиней в дослідних групах порівняно з контрольною збільшується для лізину, сірковмісних (метіонін, цистин), треоніну, ізолейцину, валіну та ароматичних (фенілаланін + тирозин) амінокислот. Розроблені раціони позитивно вплинули на амінокислотний склад свинини. Співвідношення незамінних амінокислот до замінних підвищується в дослідних групах, що свідчить про зниження вмісту сполучної тканини та поліпшення ніжності м’яса.
Вплив інуліну з топінамбура для виробництва пирогів пониженої енергетичної цінності
Authors: Vlasenko V. , Krivoruk V.
Published: May 2017

Досліджено доцільність використання інуліну з топінамбура в борошняних кулінарних виробах на основі використання фізіологічно функціональних сировинних інгредієнтів. Досліджено можливість застосування інуліну при виробництві борошняно-кулінарних виробів діабетичного та дієтично-функціонального призначення. Для визначення оптимального дозування інулін вносили в тісто в суміші з борошном у кількості 3, 5, 7% від маси борошна. Контрольними зразками були пиріг без інуліну (контроль 1) і пиріг, який містить в рецептурі 2% цукру і 3% жиру (контроль 2). Встановили, що при внесенні інуліну в кількості 3% питомий обсяг пирога збільшується на 7,2%, пористість – на 2,4% порівняно з контролем 1, а при внесенні інуліну в кількості 5% – на 4,6%, пористість – на 1,6%. При цьому зразки пирога з внесенням інуліну в кількості 3% за фізико-хімічними показниками помітно наближаються до зразків пирога, що мають в рецептурі 2% цукру і 3% жиру. Поряд з фізико-хімічними показниками пирога з внесенням інуліну в кількості 3% кулінарний виріб володіє також відмінними органолептичними показниками: має більш інтенсивне забарвлення кірочки, рівномірну структуру пористості м'якушки, приємний смак і аромат порівняно з контрольними зразками, а також при дозуванні препарату в кількості 5 і 7%. За фізико-хімічними показниками найкращими були зразки пирога при внесенні інуліну в суміші з борошном, при цьому збільшення питомого об’єму склало 7%, пористості – 1,3% порівняно зі зразками пирога з внесенням інуліну у вигляді гелю. Загальна органолептична оцінка показала, що зразки пирога з внесенням інуліну в суміші з борошном перевершують інші зразки за всіма показниками. Встановлено, що при впливі інуліну на якість клейковини в кількості 3% від маси борошна збільшувалася кількість сирої клейковини на 3,6%, гідраційна здатність – на 1,4%, величина деформації стиснення знизилася на 11,1%, встановлено зменшення розтяжності на 9,1% порівняно з контрольними зразками. При використанні автоматизованого пенетрометра АП-4/2 для визначення зміни структурно-механічних властивостей м'якушки пирога в процесі його зберігання через 3, 16, 24, 48 годин після випічки було проаналізовано і досліджено, що внесення інуліну в кількості 3% в суміші з борошном сприяє збереженню свіжості борошняних кулінарних виробів більш тривалий час, аніж контрольний зразок.
Формування біоплівок на нержавіючій сталі AISI 321, залежно від шорсткості поверхні та початкової кількості Е.сoli
Authors: Kravchenyuk K.U. , Kuchtyn M.D.
Published: May 2017

У статті наведено результати досліджень щодо впливу шорсткості поверхні нержавіючої харчової сталі на процес формування біоплівки штамом Esсheriсhia coli АТСС 25299. Для дослідження були використані пластинки з нержавіючої корозійно-стійкої нікель-хромової аустенітної сталі марки AISI 321, з шорсткістю поверхні Rа = 0,955 мкм, Rа = 0,63 мкм та Rа = 0,16 мкм. Встановлено, що за сприятливих температурних режимів кишкова паличка протягом 9–12 год. здатна формувати біоплівки середньої та високої щільності на поверхні нержавіючої сталі з шорсткістю 0,955 мкм. Проте щільність біоплівок за початкової кількості клітин E. coli до 1 тис. на см2 площі була в середньому в 1,8–2,2 раза (Р ≤ 0,05) нижчою, порівняно з біоплівкою, сформованою у варіантах з початковою кількістю клітин 2–10 тис. та 20–50 тис. на см2 площі сталі. Інтенсивність формування біоплівки на поверхні сталі з шорсткістю 0,63 мкм була дещо сповільнена, порівняно з поверхнею із шорсткістю 0,955 мкм. Проте, незважаючи на це, за щільністю біоплівки у варіантах з початковою кількістю клітин E. coli 2–10 тис. і 20–50 тис. на см2 площі були високої щільності починаючи з 12 години інкубації, тобто аналогічно, як на поверхні із шорсткістю 0,955 мкм. Процес плівкоутворення за таких початкових кількостях E. coli на поверхні з шорсткістю 0,63 мкм завершувався на 24 год., тимчасом, як за шорсткості 0,955 мкм на 18 год. інкубації. За початкової кількості E. coli на поверхні сталі до 1 тис. з шорсткістю поверхні 0,63 мкм, біоплівки формувалися високої щільності, починаючи з 20 год., що, в середньому, на 5-6 год. довше, порівняно з шорсткістю поверхні 0,955 мкм. За шорсткості поверхні сталі 0,16 мкм процес плівкоутворення значно сповільнився, порівняно з поверхнями, які мали шорсткість 0,955 та 0,63 мкм. Через дев’ять годин інкубації E. coli на сталі з шорсткістю 0,16 мкм біоплівки були в середньому в 2,0 рази (Р ≤ 0,05) слабшої щільності, порівняно з шорсткістю 0,955 мкм, і в 1,3–1,6 раза (Р ≤ 0,05), порівняно з шорсткістю 0,63 мкм незалежно від початкової кількості E. coli. За 12 годин інкубації E. coli у варіанті з початковою кількістю до 1 тис. на см2 площі біоплівка ще була слабкою, а у варіантах з початковою кількістю 2–10 тис. і 20–50 тис. на см2 площі – середньої щільності – 0,805 і 0,916 од. відповідно. Протягом 18 годин інкубації біоплівка була середньої щільності тільки у варіанті з початковою кількістю до 1 тис. E. coli на см2 поверхні. За більшої початкової кількості бактерій вона була високої щільності. Тільки через 24 год інкубації E. coli біоплівки у всіх варіантах були високої щільності.
Logias masónicas en la Nueva España
Authors: Martínez Moreno Carlos Francisco
Published: May 2017

Este artículo busca mostrar que en la Nueva España hubo logias masónicas autorizadas por la Gran Logia del Estado de Louisiana para ser establecidas en Veracruz, Campeche y Mérida Yucatán entre 1816 y 1820. La evidencia documental se presenta por primera vez con su transcripción y traducción, con un estudio hermenéutico del contexto político y masónico de la época, y de algunas reflexiones acerca de la composición de los miembros de las tres logias.
CO2-lézerrel végzett mélysclerectomiával szerzett tapasztalatok
Authors: Sohajda Zoltán , Káldi Ildikó , Kiss Magdolna , Facskó Andrea
Published: May 2017

Abstract:

Introduction: CO2 laser- assisted sclerectomy surgery (CLASS) can be used for the surgical treatment of open-angle glaucoma. Aim: To introduce our results with CLASS. Method: We performed 21 CLASS operations using OT-134-IOPtiMate (IOPtima Ltd, Ramat-Gan, Israel). Patients were examined on the 1st day, and in the 1st, 3rd, 6th, 9th and 12th months postoperatively. We evaluated intraocular pressure (IOP), antiglaucomatous medication-use, visual acuity, complications. Results: Mean age was 65.6 yrs. Complete success (no hypotensive medication required to target IOP) was achieved in 61.1% (18 patients) at 6 months, whereas in 50% (10 patients) at 12 months. Qualified success (hypotensive medication required to target IOP) was achieved in 72.2% and in 70%, preoperative mean IOP was 29.2 ± 9.4 Hgmm, which falled to 17.7 ± 4.9 Hgmm and 17.3 ± 4.3 Hgmm, respectively. Antiglaucomatous medication use falled significantly from 2.90 ± 0.83 to 2.05 ± 1.46. Apart from 1 macroperforation, no serious complication occurred. Conclusions: With CLASS it is possible to effectively lower intraocular pressure in open-angle glaucoma. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(18): 701–705.
A medialis ventrolateralis praefrontalis (orbitofrontalis) kéreg glükózmonitorozó idegsejtjei szerepet játszanak a homeosztázis fenntartásában
Authors: Szabó István , Hormay Edina , Csetényi Bettina , Nagy Bernadett , Karádi Zoltán
Published: May 2017

Abstract:

Introduction: The medial orbitofrontal cortex is involved in the regulation of feeding and metabolism. Little is known, however, about the role of local glucose-monitoring neurons in these processes, and our knowledge is also poor about characteristics of these cells. Aim: The functional significance of these chemosensory neurons was to be elucidated. Method: Electrophysiology, by the multibarreled microelectrophoretic technique, and metabolic investigations, after streptozotocin induced selective destruction of the chemosensory neurons, were employed. Results: Fifteen percent of the neurons responded to glucose, and these chemosensory cells displayed differential neurotransmitter and taste sensitivities. In acute glucose tolerance test, at the 30th and 60th minutes, blood glucose level in the streptozotocin-treated rats was significantly higher than that in the controls. The plasma triglyceride concentrations were also higher in the streptozotocin-treated group. Conclusions: Glucose-monitoring neurons of the medial orbitofrontal cortex integrate internal and external environmental signals, and monitor metabolic processes, thus, are indispensable to maintain the healthy homeostasis. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(18): 692–700.
Pomoc publiczna dla przedsiębiorstw w Polsce w latach 2007–2013
Authors: Guzdek Sylwia
Published: May 2017

State aid in Poland is gradually beginning to take on the character of aid for stimulating social and economic development, one of the fundamental objectives of the renewed Lisbon Strategy. The article discusses state aid granted in Poland in the years 2007–2013. Analysis of the data for the period leads to the following conclusions: the beneficiaries of approximately half of the aid were large enterprises; the most frequently used aid instruments were grants (group A1); regional aid was awarded the most. After Poland’s accession to the EU, its differences from member states began to fade, thanks in part to the EC’s control and supervision of the provision of aid.
Demograficzne uwarunkowania wydłużania aktywności zawodowej
Authors: Król Małgorzata
Published: May 2017

The paper focuses on the problem of extending professional activity in the context of the present and future demographic situation. The analysis identifies the demographic conditions for extending professional activity. To do so the author presents a critical analysis of the literature and an analysis of statistical data from GUS and Eurostat, the main statistical offices of Poland and the European Union, respectively. The extension of professional activity is conditioned by the following demographic factors: a low birth rate and natural increase rate, population decrease, longer life expectancy, population ageing and population by age group changing. Present and future changes of these demographic factors are shown based on statistical data. The last part of the paper presents a comparative analysis of the statutory retirement ages, effective retirement ages, duration of retirement and duration of working life.
Misdiagnosis of hemifacial spasm is a frequent event in the primary care setting
Authors: Martinez Alberto R. M. , Nunes Marcelo B. , Immich Nayara D. , Piovesana Luiza , França Jr Marcondes , Campos Lidiane S. , D?Abreu Anelyssa
Published: May 2017

Primary hemifacial spasm (HFS) is characterized by irregular and involuntary contraction of the muscles innervated by the ipsilateral facial nerve. Treatment controls symptoms and improves quality of life (QoL). Objective : Evaluate the initial diagnosis and treatment of HFS prior to referral to a tertiary center. Method : We interviewed through a standard questionnaire 66 patients currently followed in our center. Results : Mean age: 64.19±11.6 years, mean age of symptoms onset: 51.9±12.5 years, male/female ratio of 1:3. None of the patients had a correct diagnosis in their primary care evaluation. Medication was prescribed to 56.8%. Mean time from symptom onset to botulinum toxin treatment: 4.34 ±7.1 years, with a 95% satisfaction. Thirty percent presented social embarrassment due to HFS. Conclusion : Despite its relatively straightforward diagnosis, all patients had an incorrect diagnosis and treatment on their first evaluation. HFS brings social impairment and the delay in adequate treatment negatively impacts QoL.
Growth and yield of cowpea/sunflower crop rotation under different irrigationm anagement strategies with saline water
Authors: Neves Antônia Leila Rocha , Lacerda1 Claudivan Feitosa de , Sousa1 Carlos Henrique Carvalho de , Silva1 Francisco Leandro Barbosa da , Gheyi2 Hans Raj , Ferreira1 Francisco Jardelson , Filho Francisco Luciano Andrade
Published: May 2017

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of management strategies of irrigation with saline water on growth and yield of cowpea and sunflower in a crop rotation. The experiment was conducted in randomized blocks with thirteen treatments and five replications. The treatments consisted of: T1 (control), T2, T3 and T4 using water of 0.5 (A1), 2.2 (A2), 3.6 (A3) and 5.0 (A4) dS m-1, respectively, during the entire crop cycle; T5, T6 and T7, use of A2, A3 and A4 water, respectively, only in the flowering and fructification stage of the crop cycle; using different water in a cyclic way, six irrigations with A1 followed by six irrigations with A2 (T8), A3 (T9) and A4, (T10), respectively; T11, T12 and T13, using water A2, A3 and A4, respectively, starting at 11 days after planting (DAP) and continuing until the end of the crop cycle. These treatments were employed in the first crop (cowpea), during the dry season, and the same plots were used for the cultivation of sunflower as succeeding crop during rainy season. The strategies of use of saline water in the salt tolerant growth stage (treatments T5, T6 and T7) or cyclically (treatments T8, T9 and T10) reduced the amount of good quality water used in the production of cowpea by 34 and 47%, respectively, without negative impacts on crop yield, and did not show the residual effects of salinity on sunflower as a succeeding crop. Thus, these strategies appear promising to be employed in areas with water salinity problems in the semiarid region of Brazil.
Effect of habitat heterogeneity in the composition and distribution of Chironomidae (Diptera) assemblage in different microhabitats of preserved streams in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Authors: Gurski Fernanda de Almeida , Pinha Gisele Daiane , Moretto Yara , Takeda Alice Michiyo , Bueno Norma Catarina
Published: May 2017

AIM: This study aimed at to evaluate the influence of habitat heterogeneity on the attributes of richness, abundance, diversity and equitability of Chironomidae assemblage and also the biological differences in faunistic composition related to each microhabitat. METHODS: The sampling was performed in summer (February) and winter (August) 2010, with Surber sampler, in three headwaters streams at Atlantic Forest, in southern Brazil. RESULTS: In the total 6,429 Chironomidae larvae were identified and classified into 96 taxa belonging to Chironominae, Tanypodinae and Ortocladiinae subfamilies. Among the microhabitats, the highest richness was observed in the deposits of litter, and the highest number of exclusive species took place in the pool regions. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, the composition and structure of the Chironomidae assemblage are directly related to the availability and heterogeneity of habitats in streams.
Rocking the Cradle or the Boat? Assessing Grandparent Partner Relationships
Authors: Chinnery Shirley Ann , Worrall Jill
Published: May 2017

Kinship care is increasingly a first option for children in need of protection across all international child welfare jurisdictions, and predominantly grandparents assume this responsibility (Winokur, Holtan, & Valentine, 2009). A New Zealand study of grandparent caregivers found that a number of their marital relationships were disrupted following grandchild placement (Worrall, 2009). Relational crises of this nature have been previously little discussed in kinship literature. The emotional quality of couple connections affects care provision. Drawing on attachment theory, this article argues that the grandparent couple's relationship must be a key focus of practitioners' preplacement assessments and highlights five domains of relational functioning and four reliable measures for assessing these qualities.
Systemic Treatment Strategies for Patients with Hereditary Breast Cancer Syndromes
Authors: Parkes Amanda , Arun Banu K. , Litton Jennifer K.
Published: May 2017

Hereditary breast cancer syndromes are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer and constitute a unique patient population, making up approximately 5%–10% of breast cancer cases in the United States. By virtue of the germline mutations that define these syndromes, invasive breast cancers in these patients have unique mechanisms that can be rationally targeted for therapeutic opportunities distinct from standard of care treatments in nongermline mutation associated breast cancers. This review intends to describe existing data on several of the most common hereditary breast cancer syndromes, including BRCA-related breast cancer syndrome, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, Cowden syndrome, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, and hereditary diffuse gastric cancer syndrome, specifically focusing on rational therapeutics utilized in these distinct patient subgroups and completed or ongoing clinical trials evaluating their efficacy. By exploiting the distinct biologic features associated with these syndromes, tailored treatment strategies have the potential for improved efficacy and lower toxicity. Knowledge of the emergence of these targeted cancer therapies is critical for appropriate management in these patients, extending beyond treatment to highlight the need for appropriate genetic screening to allow for early recognition of these patients and therefore appropriate treatment.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Martínez Banfi Martha
Published: May 2017

La ciencia y la tecnología brindan muchas facilidades pero hace falta más para poder andar por este mundo cada vez más convulsionado y demandante; niños y adultos están expuestos a múltiples exigencias académicas, laborales, socioeconómicas; así como también a ambientes competitivos, hostiles o en desventaja. Estas condiciones pueden impulsar el desarrollo humano o por el contrario pueden atropellarlo y dejarlo maltrecho atentando incluso con algo tan vital como es la salud mental y el bienestar. Entonces frente a este complejo panorama muchas veces me pregunto ¿qué es lo realmente importante?, ¿cómo saber qué es lo realmente importante?, ¿qué decisiones y acciones tomar? Estos cuestionamientos son de nuestro diario vivir aunque a veces la rapidez del momento pareciera solaparlos y arrastrarnos en una cadena de acciones que van en contra de lo que realmente es importante para cada uno de nosotros.
Introduction to Topic "towards the Legal Recognition and Governance of Ecosystem Services"
Authors: Iza Alejandro
Published: May 2017

On behalf of the IUCN Environmental Law Centre, the IUCN Academy of Environmental Law and the IUCN Commission on Environmental Law, I would like to introduce you to the topic of this Journal "Towards the legal recognition and governance of ecosystem services." First of all, I would like to thank the Co-Chairs of the Academy´s Research Committee and the Deputy Chair of the IUCN Commission on Environmental Law for this initiative and I am most happy to see that, throughout its organisation, collaboration between the three organisations has continued to grow. We organised our first joint-workshop in 2011 in Ghent, Belgium, just before the IUCN Academy´s 8th annual colloquium. The feeling that we all had as the successful event came to an end, was that this collaboration should be repeated on an annual basis. The 2011 Mpekweni Workshop revolved around legal frameworks for the recognition and governance of ecosystem services. Maintaining healthy ecosystems and the continuing provision of services such as water supply or climate regulation is key to ensuring present and future human livelihoods, the fulfillment of the Millennium Development Goals and for any form of poverty alleviation strategy.
Chaos in Family Law: A Model for the Recognition of Intimate Relationships in South Africa
Authors: Bakker Pieter
Published: May 2017

The chaos theory is utilised in a metaphorical manner to describe the current state of family law and more specifically law regulating intimate relationships in South Africa. A bird's eye view of the law of intimate relationships is provided to indicate that the current system of law regulating intimate relationships is in a state of chaos. Deregulation of intimate relationships and regulation by contract as well as a singular Act regulating intimate relationships are investigated as alternatives to the current system. The paper concludes that deregulation does not pose a viable alternative model to recognise intimate relationships. The ideal will be to have a singular Act regulating all intimate relationships. The conclusion and termination of these relationships should be less formal than the current system. The parties should be free to regulate the consequences of their intimate relationship by a relationship contract. Default contracts should be contained in the Act to ensure substantive equality in intimate relationships.
The Rights Granted to Trade Unions under the Companies Act 71 of 2008
Authors: Schoeman Heidi C
Published: May 2017

With the entering into force of the Companies Act 71 of 2008 in 2011 a number of rights were granted to trade unions by the act. The Companies Act 71 of 2008 not only grants rights to registered trade unions, as is the case in labour law, but in some cases it grants rights to trade unions representing employees at the workplace. It is argued that rights afforded to trade unions by the act ought to be granted only to trade unions that are registered in terms of the Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995. In addition, it is also argued that the Companies Act 71 of 2008 ought in principle to differentiate between rights that are granted to registered trade unions representing employees at the workplace and rights that are granted to registered majority trade unions, or at the least to sufficiently representative trade unions.
The Quest for a Supranational Entity in West Africa: Can the Economic Community of West African States attain the Status?
Authors: Lokulo-Sodipe Jadesola O , Osuntogun Abiodun J
Published: May 2017

To reflect the growing trends in the international scene and in furtherance of the objective of its Revised 1993 Treaty, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) summit in December 2006 revolutionised the structure of ECOWAS by re-designating the Executive Secretariat into a quasi-independent commission headed by a President with a Vice President and seven commissioners. The rationale behind the revision was to make ECOWAS a supranational entity. This article considers whether or not a supranational system is essential for the attainment of ECOWAS' objectives. It asks if the conditions for an effective supranational system are in place in the West African sub-region which could provide a solid foundation for its success and why the quest for a supranational system has not yielded any fruitful result in West Africa. It argues that a retreat from the quest for supranationalism and a return to an inter-governmental system would be a retreat rather than the way forward, and expresses the need for the course of action to be sustained courageously till the impact of integration begins to emerge, and the disguised, patriotic impulse of states to protect their national sovereignty gives way to the full manifestation of ECOWAS as a supranational entity.
Post-Commencement Finance - Domiciled Resident or Uneasy Foreign Transplant?
Authors: Stoop Helena , Hutchison Andrew
Published: May 2017

The 2008 Companies Act introduced a new business rescue regime into South African Company law, bringing it into line with trends in developed countries, particularly the United States.  Indeed, it appears that the United States Chapter 11 model was followed in this process, introducing the business rescue concept as a legal transplant.  Corporate law is well suited to legislative borrowing, but there are important caveats to bear in mind when doing so.  In particular: the context and legal culture of the origin country may differ from those of the destination country.  South Africa’s commercial environment is different from that of the United States, problematizing a transplant of Chapter 11’s concepts.  Post-commencement finance will be used as a micro-study of this broader phenomenon, and this topic will be investigated with comparative reference to the United States position.  It will be argued that an essential difference between the two procedures is the lack of legislatively mandated court oversight in South Africa.  This impacts on the interests of creditors, as well as the availability of fresh finance.  The result is problems in the implementation of the post-commencement finance provisions, which threaten the viability of this particular legal transplant.
An Assemblage of Thai Water Engineering: The Royal Irrigation Department’s Museum for Heavy Engineering as a Parliament of Things
Authors: Sangkhamanee Jakkrit
Published: May 2017

In Thailand, where water and land intertwine to shape the livelihood and identity of people, engineering bureaucracy and mechanical technology have both played significant roles in producing national ideology. At the same time, bureaucracy and technologies are historical products. In this contribution, I explore Thailand’s Royal Irrigation Department (RID) Museum for Heavy Engineering and argues that the museum—instantiating a parliament of things (Latour) engineered into exhibition—participated in the shaping of the Thai water engineering community and the shaping of Thai statecraft. Operating through selective portrayals and juxtapositions of engineers, technologies, bureaucracies, and natural events, the parliament of things composed by the exhibits encompasses not only the intimate entanglements between the bodies of engineers and machines, and between machines and bureaucracy, but also mythical and cosmological elements like divine stones and naga vehicles. In this way, the museum parliament testifies to a blurring of nature, society and divinity occurring at the very heart of the Thai engineered state. It articulates Thai water engineering as a nonmodern assemblage beholden neither to the dichotomy of nature and culture, nor to any clear distinctions between science, politics and cosmology. Paradoxically, this nonmodern assemblage has been central in propelling forward the seemingly high-modern practice of Thai water engineering.
From Gravitational Machine to Universal Habitat: The Drainage Basin and Amphibious Futures in the Chao Phraya Delta, Thailand
Authors: Morita Atsuro
Published: May 2017

This paper elucidates the development of the drainage basin model, one particular frame for capturing the relative motion between water and land, by highlighting the parallel developments between scientific notion and water management infrastructures. Facilitating a continuous movement back and forth between science and infrastructure, the drainage basin allows for the revelation of unexpected forms of relatedness and has played an important role in the emergence of a form of relational morality. To make this argument, this paper focuses on the Chao Phraya Delta in Thailand. While located in the periphery of the centers of modern science, the delta holds significance as a place where colonial hydrological technoscience and indigenous development intersected. The encounter between the two has resulted in a new vision of the city as a waterscape, a sort of drainage basin that connects natural, social and economic processes through numerous, complex water flows.