bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Deep Learning Framework iCanTCR Enables Early Cancer Detection Using the T-cell Receptor Repertoire in Peripheral Blood
Authors: Cai Yideng , Luo Meng , Yang Wenyi , Xu Chang , Wang Pingping , Xue Guangfu , Jin Xiyun , Cheng Rui , Que Jinhao , Zhou Wenyang , Pang Boran , Xu Shouping , Li Yu , Jiang Qinghua , Xu Zhaochun
Published: March 2024

T cells recognize tumor antigens and initiate an anticancer immune response in the very early stages of tumor development, and the antigen specificity of T cells is determined by the T-cell receptor (TCR). Therefore, monitoring changes in the TCR repertoire in peripheral blood may offer a strategy to detect various cancers at a relatively early stage. Here, we developed the deep learning framework iCanTCR to identify patients with cancer based on the TCR repertoire. The iCanTCR framework uses TCRβ sequences from an individual as an input and outputs the predicted cancer probability. The model was trained on over 2,000 publicly available TCR repertoires from 11 types of cancer and healthy controls. Analysis of several additional publicly available datasets validated the ability of iCanTCR to distinguish patients with cancer from noncancer individuals and demonstrated the capability of iCanTCR for the accurate classification of multiple cancers. Importantly, iCanTCR precisely identified individuals with early-stage cancer with an AUC of 86%. Altogether, this work provides a liquid biopsy approach to capture immune signals from peripheral blood for noninvasive cancer diagnosis.

Significance:

Development of a deep learning–based method for multicancer detection using the TCR repertoire in the peripheral blood establishes the potential of evaluating circulating immune signals for noninvasive early cancer detection.
Targeted and Shallow Whole-Genome Sequencing Identifies Therapeutic Opportunities in p53abn Endometrial Cancers
Authors: Jamieson Amy , Sobral de Barros Juliana , Cochrane Dawn R. , Douglas J. Maxwell , Shankar Sameer , Lynch Branden J. , Leung Samuel , Martin Spencer , Senz Janine , Lum Amy , Drew Yvette , Gilks C. Blake , Huntsman David G. , McAlpine Jessica N.
Published: March 2024

Purpose:

Shallow whole-genome sequencing (sWGS) can detect copy-number (CN) aberrations. In high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) sWGS identified CN signatures such as homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) to direct therapy. We applied sWGS with targeted sequencing to p53abn endometrial cancers to identify additional prognostic stratification and therapeutic opportunities.

Experimental Design:

sWGS and targeted panel sequencing was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded p53abn endometrial cancers. CN alterations, mutational data and CN signatures were derived, and associations to clinicopathologic and outcomes data were assessed.

Results:

In 187 p53abn endometrial cancers, 5 distinct CN signatures were identified. Signature 5 was associated with BRCA1/2 CN loss with features similar to HGSOC HRD signature. Twenty-two percent of potential HRD cases were identified, 35 patients with signature 5, and 8 patients with BRCA1/2 somatic mutations. Signatures 3 and 4 were associated with a high ploidy state, and CCNE1, ERBB2, and MYC amplifications, with mutations in PIK3CA enriched in signature 3. We observed improved overall survival (OS) for patients with signature 2 and worse OS for signatures 1 and 3. Twenty-eight percent of patients had CCNE1 amplification and this subset was enriched with carcinosarcoma histotype. Thirty-four percent of patients, across all histotypes, had ERBB2 amplification and/or HER2 overexpression on IHC, which was associated with worse outcomes. Mutations in PPP2R1A (29%) and FBXW7 (16%) were among the top 5 most common mutations.

Conclusions:

sWGS and targeted sequencing identified therapeutic opportunities in 75% of patients with p53abn endometrial cancer. Further research is needed to determine the efficacy of treatments targeting these identified pathways within p53abn endometrial cancers.
Best Overall Response–Associated Signature to Doxorubicin in Soft Tissue Sarcomas: A Transcriptomic Analysis from ANNOUNCE
Authors: Liu Jiangang , Moura David S. , Jones Robin L. , Aggarwal Amit , Ebert Philip J. , Wagner Andrew J. , Wright Jennifer , Martin-Broto Javier , Tap William D.
Published: March 2024

Purpose:

This exploratory analysis evaluated the tumor samples of the patients treated with doxorubicin (with or without olaratumab) in a negative phase III ANNOUNCE trial to better understand the complexity of advanced soft tissue sarcomas (STS) and to potentially identify its predictive markers.

Experimental Design:

RNA sequencing was performed on pretreatment tumor samples (n = 273) from the ANNOUNCE trial to evaluate response patterns and identify potential predictive treatment markers for doxorubicin. A BOR-associated signature to doxorubicin (REDSARC) was created by evaluating tumors with radiographic response versus progression. An external cohort of doxorubicin-treated patients from the Spanish Group for Research on Sarcomas (GEIS) was used for refinement and validation.

Results:

A total of 259 samples from the trial were considered for analysis. Comparative analyses by the treatment arm did not explain the negative trial. However, there was an association between the BOR signature and histologic subtype (χ2P = 2.0e−7) and grade (P = 0.002). There were no associations between the BOR signature and gender, age, ethnicity, or stage. Applied to survival outcomes, REDSARC was also predictive for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Using the GEIS cohort, a refined 25-gene signature was identified and applied to the ANNOUNCE cohort, where it was predictive of PFS and OS in leiomyosarcoma, liposarcoma, and other sarcoma subtypes, but not in undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma.

Conclusions:

The refined REDSARC signature provides a potential tool to direct the application of doxorubicin in sarcomas and other malignancies. Validation and further refinement of the signature in other potentially subtype specific prospective cohorts is recommended.
Supplementary Tables S1, S2 from High-resolution Diffusion-weighted Imaging to Detect Changes in Tumor Size and ADC, and Predict Adverse Biopsy Histology during Prostate Cancer Active Surveillance
Authors: Saouaf Rola , Xie Yibin , Kim Sungjin , Raphael Yaniv , Nguyen Christopher , Luthringer Daniel , Daskivich Timothy J. , Lo Eric , Tighiouart Mourad , Li Debiao , Kim Hyung L.
Published: March 2024

S1: MR Protocol Parameters S2: Representativeness of Study Participants
Characteristics and Prognosis of Sporadic Neoplasias Detected in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Yamamoto Noriko , Yamashita Ken , Takehara Yudai , Morimoto Shin , Tanino Fumiaki , Kamigaichi Yuki , Tanaka Hidenori , Arihiro Koji , Shimamoto Fumio , Oka Shiro
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) develop not only UC-associated neoplasias but also sporadic neoplasias (SNs). However, few studies have described the characteristics of SNs in patients with UC. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the clinical features and prognosis of SNs in patients with UC. Methods: A total of 141 SNs in 59 patients with UC, detected by surveillance colonoscopy at Hiroshima University Hospital between January 1999 and December 2021, were included. SNs were diagnosed based on their location, endoscopic features, and histopathologic findings along with immunohistochemical staining for Ki67 and p53. Results: Of the SNs, 91.5% were diagnosed as adenoma and 8.5% were diagnosed as carcinoma (Tis carcinoma, 3.5%; T1 carcinoma, 5.0%). 61.0% of the SNs were located in the right colon, 31.2% were located in the left colon, and 7.8% were located in the rectum. When classified based on the site of the lesion, 70.9% of SNs occurred outside and 29.1% within the affected area. Of all SNs included, 95.7% were endoscopically resected and 4.3% were surgically resected. Among the 59 patients included, synchronous SNs occurred in 23.7% and metachronous multiple SNs occurred in 40.7% during surveillance. The 5-year cumulative incidence of metachronous multiple SNs was higher in patients with synchronous multiple SNs (54.2%) than in those without synchronous multiple SNs (46.4%). Conclusion: Patients with UC with synchronous multiple SNs are at a higher risk of developing metachronous multiple SNs and may require a closer follow-up by total colonoscopy than patients without synchronous SNs.
Advantages of Nail Surgical Procedures Using a 3D Biomodel
Authors: Nakamura Robertha Carvalho , Leverone Andreia , de Almeida Carolina Avila , Werner Heron , Canella Clarissa
Published: March 2024

Introduction: 3D biomodels represent a cutting-edge advancement in medical imaging technology. The incorporation of 3D technologies in dermatology through the acquisition of onychological images, 3D reconstruction, and development of customized equipment to assist in surgeries demonstrated reduction in operating times and improved surgical outcomes. Additionally, the use of 3D printing in surgical simulation provided a safe environment for training and education. This article explores the application of 3D biomodels in dermatology, focusing on three clinical cases involving nail tumors. Case Presentation: In case 1, a glomus tumor was visualized in 3D, guiding the creation of a personalized surgical device. The minimally invasive surgery, facilitated by the biomodel, resulted in successful tumor removal. Case 2, featuring a subungual keratoacanthoma, utilized 3D biomodels for conservative surgery planning, anatomical comprehension, and patient communication. Case 3 involved a longitudinal groove, where biomodels aided in precise lesion localization and surgical planning. Conclusion: The integration of virtual and physical anatomical biomodels proves valuable in surgical dermatology, contributing to enhanced treatment quality, patient safety, and medical education.
EEF2-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder Is Clinically Recognizable
Authors: Prasun Pankaj , Patra Kamakhya
Published: March 2024

Introduction: EEF2 encodes eukaryotic elongation factor 2 which catalyzes the elongation phase of protein translation. It is ubiquitously expressed and important for neuronal function. EEF2 was first associated with adult-onset spinocerebellar ataxia type 26 (SCA26). A novel neurodevelopmental disorder associated with de novo heterozygous variants in EEF2 has been described. Only 6 patients have been described in the literature thus far. A 9-year-old child with de novo novel missense variant is described here. EEF2-related neurodevelopmental disorder appears to be clinically recognizable. Case Presentation: A nine-year-old male with autism spectrum disorder was referred for genetic evaluation. On examination, he had relative macrocephaly and frontal prominence. Whole exome sequencing revealed a de novo c.1225 C>T: p. (R409W) variant in exon 9 of the EEF2 gene (NM_001961.3). Discussion: A comparison of clinical findings suggests that relative macrocephaly/macrocephaly and prominent forehead are consistent and easily identifiable clinical features of EEF2-related neurodevelopmental disorder. The clinical spectrum of this disorder is still emerging. EEF2-related neurodevelopmental disorder should be considered in a child with autism, developmental delays/intellectual disability, macrocephaly/relative macrocephaly, and frontal prominence.
Serological Cross-Reactivity of Various Aspergillus spp. with Aspergillus fumigatus: A Diagnostic Blind Spot
Authors: Bertlich Mattis , Freytag Saskia , Huber Patrick , Dombrowski Tobias , Oppel Eva , Gröger Moritz
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Aspergillus fumigatus is the most common airborne allergen of the Aspergillus family. However, allergies to Aspergillus spp. are increasing, and subsequently, allergies to Aspergillus species other than fumigatus are also on the rise. Commercial diagnostic tools are still limited to Aspergillus fumigatus. Hence, there is a need for improved tests. We decided to investigate the correlation between serological sensitization to A. fumigatus and other Aspergillus species. Methods: Hundred and seven patients with positive skin prick tests to A. fumigatus were included in this study. Immunoglobulin E (IgE) concentrations against A. fumigatus, A. terreus, A. niger, A. flavus, and A. versicolor were measured from specimens by fluorescent enzyme-linked immunoassays. Results: Patients showed considerably higher IgE concentrations against A. fumigatus (6.00 ± 15.05 kUA/L) than A. versicolor (0.30 ± 1.01 kUA/L), A. niger (0.62 ± 1.59 kUA/L), A. terreus (0.45 ± 1.12 kUA/L), or A. flavus (0.41 ± 0.97 kUA/L). Regression analysis yielded weak positive correlations for all Aspergillus spp., but low r2 values and heteroscedastic distribution indicate an overall poor fit of the calculated models. Conclusion: Serological sensitization against A. fumigatus does not correlate with sensitization against other Aspergillus spp. To detect sensitization against these, other diagnostic tools like a skin prick test solution of different Aspergillus spp. are needed.
Colorimetric CO2 Detector to Improve Effective Mask Ventilations in Very Preterm Infants: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Kong Juin Yee , Quek Bin Huey , Lim Charis S.E. , Sultana Rehena , Ng Yvonne Y.V. , Rajadurai Victor Samuel , Yeo Kee Thai
Published: March 2024

Introduction: End-tidal CO2 (ETCO2) detector is currently recommended for confirmation of endotracheal tube placement during neonatal resuscitation. Whether it is feasible to use ETCO2 detectors during mask ventilation to reduce risk of bradycardia and desaturations, which are associated with increased risk of death in preterm babies, is unknown. Methods: This is a pilot randomized controlled trial (NCT04287907) involving newborns 24 + 0/7 to 32 + 0/7 weeks gestation who required mask ventilation at birth. Infants were randomized into groups with or without colorimetric ETCO2 detectors. Combined duration of any bradycardia (<100 bpm) and time below prespecified target oxygen saturation (SpO2) as measured by pulse oximetry were compared. Results: Fifty participants were randomized, 47 with outcomes analysed (2 incomplete data, 1 postnatal diagnosis of trachea-oesophageal fistula). Mean gestational age and birthweight were 28.5 ± 1.9 versus 29.4 ± 1.6 weeks (p = 0.1) and 1,252.7 ± 409.7 g versus 1,334.6 ± 369.1 g (p = 0.5) in the intervention and control arm, respectively. Mean combined duration of bradycardia and desaturation was 276.7 ± 197.7 s (intervention) and 322.7 ± 277.7 s (control) (p = 0.6). Proportion of participants with any bradycardia or desaturation at 5 min were 38.1% (intervention) and 56.5% (control) (p = 0.2). No chest compressions, epinephrine administration, or death occurred in the delivery room. Conclusion: This pilot study demonstrates the feasibility of a trial to evaluate colorimetric ETCO2 detectors during mask ventilation of very preterm infants to reduce bradycardia and low SpO2. Further assessment with a larger population will be required to determine if ETCO2 detector usage at resuscitation reduces risk of adverse outcomes, including death and disability, in very preterm infants.
Anxiety Disorders: The Relationship between Insight and Metacognition
Authors: Halaj Asala , Konstantakopoulos George , Ghaemi Nassir S. , David Anthony S.
Published: March 2024

Background: The exploration of metacognition in relation to anxiety has received considerable attention in recent decades. Research indicates that it plays a role in the development and maintenance of anxiety disorders while also providing benefits, including the ability to assess situations, modify behaviors, and make informed decisions. Summary: We propose that having an awareness of a disorder, also known as insight, is related to metacognition in anxiety. This relationship stems from the ability it provides individuals to recognize their mental state through reflection on personal experiences. We discuss the impact of insight and metacognition on decision-making, treatment-seeking behaviors, and coping strategy selection. Key Messages: Understanding the concept of insight in anxiety disorders, as compared to other mental disorders like psychosis, requires exploring its complexities while carefully considering the balance of harms and benefits. While the medicalization of symptoms in psychosis is widely regarded as clearly beneficial, evaluating the role of insight in anxiety disorders demands a more nuanced understanding. Gaining a fuller perspective on patients’ beliefs can impact their behaviors and decision-making. Clinicians can achieve this by encouraging active self-reflection to increase awareness, which includes evaluating both severity and impact on daily functioning. This also involves expressing experiences and exploring attributions of anxiety. This practical approach enables clinicians to understand engagement and treatment-seeking behaviors, allowing them to tailor treatment plans and develop effective coping and management strategies. Ultimately, this knowledge promotes a deeper comprehension of insight into anxiety disorders.
Komplizierte atopische Dermatitis bei einem gesunden Säugling: selbstgemachte Walnusscreme
Authors: Abtahi-Naeini Bahareh , Emadoleslami Monir Sadat , Pourmahdi-Boroujeni Mahsa , Bahrami-Samani Farnaz
Published: March 2024

Die Komplementär- und Alternativmedizin (CAM) ist eine unkonventionelle Behandlungsmethode, die neben oder zusätzlich zu konventionellen medizinischen Behandlungsmethoden eingesetzt wird, um den Heilungsprozess zu verbessern. Eine unsachgemäße Verabreichung von CAM kann den Zustand von Krankheiten verschlechtern und potenzielle Gefahren für die Patienten bergen. Die Phytotherapie ist eine der bekanntesten und am häufigsten verwendeten alternativen Behandlungsmethoden für verschiedene Hautkrankheiten. In diesem Fall berichten wir über ein 4 Monate altes Mädchen mit atopischer Dermatitis, das 3 Tage nach dem Verzehr einer hausgemachten Walnusscreme ulzeronekrotische Läsionen im Gesicht und an den Extremitäten aufwies. Sie wurde mit intravenösem Clindamycin und einem Nass-Trocken-Verband zur Entfernung des Schorfs behandelt. Dieser Fallbericht zeigt die potenziell gefährlichen Auswirkungen einer missbräuchlich verwendeten traditionellen und hausgemachten Kräutertherapie. Es wurde hervorgehoben, dass bei der Verwendung von CAMs besondere Aufmerksamkeit geboten ist, insbesondere bei Säuglingen und Kleinkindern.
Psycho-Oncological Self-Help Groups in Bavaria: The Current Situation and Suggestions for Improvement
Authors: Lieb Marietta , Madl Martina , Vogelhuber Martin , Beckmann Matthias W. , Erim Yesim
Published: March 2024

Background: Self-help groups (SHGs) are an important cornerstone of the German health care system. Especially collaborations of SHGs with cancer centers enable active patient involvement in cancer care. We investigated the current situation and unmet needs of Bavarian SHGs in order to point out possible options of action. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study with Bavarian psycho-oncological SHGs. Via e-mail, an online survey was sent to 150 SHGs registered at the BZKF (Bavarian Cancer Research Center). We assessed activities and needs of the SHGs as well as the nature of collaborations with cancer centers. We focused on adaptations during the COVID-19 pandemic and the inclusion of migrants. Results: 46 (33.66%) SHGs participated, while 39 (84.78%) completed the questionnaire. During the COVID-19 pandemic, 50% of the SHGs reported less meetings. 22.7% changed to online meetings or other formats (43.2%). 20.9% of the SHGs had regular meetings with the cancer center, and 23.1% with the psycho-oncology. 51.2% evaluated the psycho-oncological services as neutral to dissatisfying due to lack of information, availability, and long waiting times. The SHGs indicated needs concerning interventions (coping strategies, digital applications, etc.), information, and better communication. Efforts for overcoming inequalities seemed rare: only 13.6% of the SHGs and 16.2% of the cancer centers had services for migrants. Conclusions: This study gave an overview of current activities and needs of Bavarian SHGs. The implementation of patient guides, comprehensive information material, and low-threshold psycho-oncological services should be objectives in future care to increase patient satisfaction. The needs for services for migrants should be investigated in more detail.
Adipositas Care and Health Therapy (ACHT) after Bariatric-Metabolic Surgery: A Prospective, Non-Randomized Intervention Study
Authors: Stark Renée , Renz Anna , Hanselmann Michael , Haas Christina , Neumann Anne , Martini Oliver , Seyfried Florian , Laxy Michael , Stier Christine , Zippel-Schultz Bettina , Fassnacht Martin , Koschker Ann-Cathrin
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Almost 25% of German adults have obesity and numbers are rising, making it an important health issue. Bariatric-metabolic surgery reduces body weight and complications for persons with obesity, but therapeutic success requires long-term postoperative care. Since no German standards for follow-up by family physicians exist, follow-up is provided by surgical obesity centers, but they are reaching their limits. The ACHT study, funded by the German Innovation Fund, is designed to establish and evaluate the follow-up program, with local physicians following patients supported remotely by obesity centers. Methods: ACHT is a multicenter, prospective, non-randomized control group study. The 18-month ACHT follow-up program is a digitally supported, structured, cross-sectoral, and close-to-home program to improve success after bariatric-metabolic surgery. Four groups are compared: intervention group 1 starts the program immediately (3 weeks) after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy (months 1–18 postoperatively), intervention group 2 begins the program 18 months after surgery (months 19–36 postoperatively). Intervention groups are compared to respective control groups that had surgery 18 and 36 months previously. In total, 250 patients, enrolled in the intervention groups, are compared with 360 patients in the control groups, who only receive standard care. Results: The primary endpoint to compare intervention and control groups is the adapted King’s score, a composite tool evaluating physical, psychological, socioeconomic, and functional health status. Secondary endpoints include changes in care structures and care processes for the intervention groups. Multivariate regression analyses adjusting for confounders (including the type of surgery) are used to compare intervention and control groups and evaluate determinants in longitudinal analyses. The effect of the intervention on healthcare costs will be evaluated based on health insurance billing data of patients who had bariatric-metabolic surgery in the 3 years prior to the start of the study and of patients who undergo bariatric-metabolic surgery during the study period. Conclusions: ACHT will be the one of the first evaluated structured, close-to-home follow-up programs for bariatric surgery in Germany. It will evaluate the effectiveness of the implemented program regarding improvements in health status, mental health, quality of life, and the feasibility of such a program outside of specialized obesity centers.
Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitor Use Increases Birthweight in Pregnant Women With Rheumatoid Arthritis Independently of the Soluble Fms‐Like Tyrosine Kinase‐1/Placental Growth Factor Ratio
Authors: Quaak Cornelia H. , Kluivers Anna C. M. , Baart Sara J. , Smeele Hieronymus T. W. , Neuman Rugina I. , Saleh Langeza , Visser Willy , Danser A. H. Jan , Dolhain Radboud J. E. M.
Published: March 2024

Background

To study whether the use of TNF (tumor necrosis factor) inhibitors (TNFi) by pregnant women with rheumatoid arthritis affects sFlt‐1 (soluble Fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1), PlGF (placental growth factor), or their impact on birthweight.

Methods and Results

sFlt‐1 and PlGF were measured in all trimesters of pregnancy in the Preconception Counseling in Active Rheumatoid Arthritis study and were compared according to the use of TNFi. The association of sFlt‐1 and PlGF with birthweight in relation to TNFi was determined. The study included 158 women, of whom 52.5% used TNFi during pregnancy. Both sFlt‐1 and PlGF increased during pregnancy, whereas their ratio declined. Taking into consideration the trimester‐related variation in levels of sFlt‐1 and PlGF, after correction for relevant confounders, the sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio was not significantly different between patients who did or did not use TNFi (sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio in the second trimester compared with the first trimester: estimated change 8.17 [95% CI, 2.54–26.29],
P
=0.79; sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio in the third trimester compared with the first trimester: estimated change 6.25 [95% CI, 1.73–22.50],
P
=0.25). In women who did not use TNFi, birthweight was significantly lower (3180 versus 3302 g;
P
=0.03), and sFlt‐1 displayed a negative correlation with birthweight (
r
=−0.462,
P
<0.001) and birthweight percentile (
r
=−0.332,
P
=0.008). In TNFi users, these correlations were absent.

Conclusions

TNF inhibitor use increases birthweight in pregnant women with rheumatoid arthritis independently of the sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio.

Registration

http://clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01345071.
Conservative Versus Surgical Therapy in Patients With Infective Endocarditis and Surgical Indication—Meta‐Analysis of Reconstructed Time‐to‐Event Data
Authors: Caldonazo Tulio , Hagel Stefan , Doenst Torsten , Kirov Hristo , Sá Michel Pompeu , Jacquemyn Xander , Tasoudis Panagiotis , Franz Marcus , Diab Mahmoud
Published: March 2024

Background

Infective endocarditis represents a life‐threatening disease with high mortality rates. A fraction of patients receives exclusively conservative antibiotic treatment due to their comorbidities and high operative risk, despite fulfilling criteria for surgical therapy. The aim of the present study is to compare outcomes in patients with infective endocarditis and indication for surgical therapy in those who underwent or did not undergo valve surgery.

Methods and Results

Three databases were systematically assessed. A pooled analysis of Kaplan–Meier–derived reconstructed time‐to‐event data from studies with longer follow‐up comparing conservative and surgical treatment was performed. A landmark analysis to further elucidate the effect of surgical intervention on mortality was carried out. Four studies with 3003 patients and median follow‐up time of 7.6 months were included. Overall, patients with an indication for surgery who were surgically treated had a significantly lower risk of mortality compared with patients who received conservative treatment (hazard ratio [HR], 0.27 [95% CI, 0.24–0.31],
P
<0.001). The survival analysis in the first year showed superior survival for patients who underwent surgery when compared with those who did not at 1 month (87.6% versus 57.6%; HR, 0.31 [95% CI, 0.26–0.37],
P
<0.01), at 6 months (74.7% versus 34.6%) and at 12 months (73.3% versus 32.7%).

Conclusions

Based on the findings of this study‐level meta‐analysis, patients with infective endocarditis and formal indication for surgical intervention who underwent surgery are associated with a lower risk of short‐ and long‐term mortality when compared with conservative treatment.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assists With Determining Etiology After Transient Ischemic Attack or Minor Stroke
Authors: Moores Margaret , Joundi Raed A. , Singh Nishita , Penn Andrew M. , Votova Kristine , Smith Eric E. , Coutts Shelagh B.
Published: March 2024

Background

Magnetic resonance imaging infarct topography may assist with determining stroke etiology. The influence of diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI)‐positive lesions on etiology determination in patients with transient ischemic attack or minor stroke is not well studied.

Methods and Results

We prospectively enrolled patients between 2010 and 2017 in 2 studies; participants with a final diagnosis of probable or definite transient ischemic attack or stroke were pooled for analysis. The primary outcome was the adjudicated ischemic etiology. We compared proportion of each etiology (cardioembolic, large‐vessel, small‐vessel disease, other) in patients who had DWI positivity compared with DWI negativity. We used logistic regression to determine the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for each etiology compared with undetermined by DWI positivity. The final analysis included 1498 patients: 832 (55.5%) were DWI‐positive. DWI‐positive patients were more likely to be diagnosed with small‐vessel disease (19.1% versus 5.3%) and less likely with undetermined etiology (36.9% versus 53.0%;
P
<0.001). After adjustment, the presence of any DWI lesion was associated with increased odds of assigning any etiology (OR, 1.8 [95% CI, 1.3–2.5]). A single DWI lesion was associated with increased odds of small‐vessel disease diagnosis (OR, 9.5 [95% CI, 6.4–14.0]), and multiple DWI lesions with reduced odds of small‐vessel disease (OR, 0.2 [95% CI, 0.1–0.4]) but increased odds of all other etiologies compared with undetermined etiology.

Conclusions

Any DWI‐positive lesion after suspected transient ischemic attack or minor stroke was associated with increased odds of assigning a etiology. Presence and topography of DWI lesions on magnetic resonance imaging may assist with etiology determination and may impact stroke prevention therapies.
EXAMINATION OF CONSTITUTIONALIST MOVEMENTS AND CONSTITUTIONS IN TERMS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF DEMOCRACY IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE
Authors: Türker Göksel
Published: March 2024

Constitutionalism involves curbing state power, protecting fundamental rights, and defending citizens' rights against the state. Aligned with democratic theory, it's grounded in the concept of human dignity, advocating for the autonomy and participation of vulnerable individuals in community governance. Democratic theory emphasizes the crucial right of citizens to influence the selection of lawmakers in a free society. Constitutionalism insists on honoring human dignity and values, affirming citizens' right to democratic participation while ensuring clear constraints on their governments, even when in line with the majority's preferences. Originating with the Magna Carta in 1215, constitutionalism reached Ottoman lands about six centuries later. Ottoman constitutional movements, commencing with the 1808 Sened-i Ittifak and progressing through the 1839 Tanzimat Edict, the 1856 Islahat (Reform) Edict, and the 1876 Constitution, were influenced by both internal and external factors. These movements, despite lacking public demand, played a pivotal role in introducing democratic values and institutions in Ottoman history, including the country's first parliamentary election.
SMALL TO MEDIUM‐SIZED ENTERPRISES DATA PERCEPTION AND APPLICATIONS
Authors: Çelik Cemal
Published: March 2024

In all sectors where digital elements and tools are becoming more and more widespread, it has contributed to the formation of large volumes of data due to the increase in the data flow rate regarding company processes. These data-related developments have contributed to the fact that small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are seen as an important resource by processing and making sense of data. Data capital can enable SME businesses become aware of things by showing correlations, risks, and opportunities that they weren't aware of before. In this study, it aimed to evaluate the knowledge, technological infrastructure, precautions and data perceptions of SMEs for big data applications in the future. In order to find out the above-mentioned elements, a survey analysis study was carried out comprising the company managers in the scope of the selected samples. By using explanatory and confirmatory statistical criteria, this study presents to companies, particularly SMEs, the business opportunities and policy recommendations hidden amongst big data.
Ripidinelia daiboyui sp. nov. from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber (Coleoptera: Ripiphoridae)
Authors: LI YAN-DA , HUANG DI-YING , CAI CHEN-YANG
Published: March 2024

The second species of the ripidiine genus Ripidinelia Batelka & Prokop, R. daiboyui Li & Cai sp. nov., is reported from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber of northern Myanmar. Ripidinelia daiboyui is distinguishable from R. burmiticola Batelka & Prokop by having 5-5-4 tarsi. The apically dentate pretarsal claws found in R. daiboyui are rarely present in Ripidiinae. Together with previous studies, our discovery emphasizes the palaeodiversity of Ripiphoridae during the late Mesozoic.
A new species, Magnolia corquinensis, and a new record of Magnolia quetzal (Magnoliaceae) for Honduras
Authors: MORALES-MOLINA SOBEIDA , VEGA-RODRÍGUEZ HERMES , SHALISKO VIACHESLAV , ALEMÁN-AVILEZ MARYURY , VÁZQUEZ-GARCÍA J. ANTONIO
Published: March 2024

Magnolia corquinensis, M. sect. Magnolia (Magnoliaceae) is described and illustrated. A distribution map is provided. The species is critically endangered and endemic to Copán and Lempira, Honduras. It differs from M. celaquensis in many morphological features. In addition, Magnolia quetzal is recorded for the first for the flora of Honduras.
Nasa ojedae (Loasaceae): A new species from the montane forests of Reserva El Corazón, western Andes of Ecuador
Authors: CORNEJO XAVIER , WEIGEND MAXIMILLIAN
Published: March 2024

Nasa ojedae (Loasaceae), a new species of the Neotropical genus Nasa is here formally described from the fragmented montane wet forests of Reserva El Corazón, on the western slopes of the central Andes of Ecuador. It is one of the few, yellow-flowered, species of the Nasa grandiflora group and one of the few, coarse, biennial herbs in this otherwise shrubby or rhizomatous group. The new species is illustrated and the relationships with morphologically similar species are discussed. Based on IUCN categories and criteria, Nasa ojedae is categorized as critically endangered.
Surgical Site Infections in Trauma Exploratory Laparotomies Preoperative Ceftriaxone and Metronidazole Versus Cefoxitin
Authors: Reese Miles W. , Roess Brendan J. , Hepner John M. , Hogge Raymond L. , Rendel Ricardo , Martyak Michael T. , Kabir Ishraq K. , Nguyen Tuan M. , Snyder Kristen N. , Heaton Julia A.
Published: March 2024

Surgical site infections (SSIs) remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing traumatic exploratory laparotomy. The goal of this study was to compare antibiotic usage and subsequent outcomes in patients undergoing traumatic exploratory laparotomy. A retrospective chart analysis and a chi-square test of independence were performed to examine the relation between preoperative cefoxitin versus ceftriaxone and metronidazole and the rate of SSI development. 323 patients were analyzed, 111 patients receiving cefoxitin and 212 patients receiving ceftriaxone and metronidazole. The proportion of patients who developed SSI was 16.2% for the cefoxitin group and 9.9% for the ceftriaxone and metronidazole group, X2 (1, N = 323) = 2.7, P = .098, thus displaying no statistical difference in the development of SSIs between patients in the cefoxitin group when compared to the ceftriaxone and metronidazole group.
Missing the Mark? A Typology of Lethal and Non-Lethal Firearm Violence in the Netherlands
Authors: Krüsselmann Katharina , Aarten Pauline , Liem Marieke
Published: March 2024

Firearm violence in Europe is a complex phenomenon; it manifests itself in various contexts and circumstances, involving different types of victims and perpetrators. Yet, previous research does not account for this complexity and focuses mainly on lethal firearm violence alone. In this study, we use 243 cases of lethal shootings (2015–2021) and 807 cases of non-lethal shootings in the Netherlands (2018–2021) to build a typology of firearm violence using agglomerative hierarchical clustering. The analysis results show five distinct types: urban lethal shootings, urban injurious shootings, and urban non-injurious shootings, as well as suburban and rural shootings. Those categories differ mainly in the lethality, urbanity, context, and location of the shootings. We conclude that the inclusion of non-lethal firearm violence is necessary in understanding and act upon this multifaceted problem.
Non-standard employment and underemployment at labor market entry and their impact on later wage trajectories
Authors: Fauser Sophia , Mooi-Reci Irma
Published: March 2024

Using data from the Australian Household, Income, and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey (2001–2020), we examine how combined patterns of non-standard employment and underemployment in the early career shape later wage trajectories, paying careful attention to gender differences on a representative sample of Australian young men ( N = 470) and women ( N = 497). By combining multichannel sequence analysis and random effects panel models, we make three central findings. First, we identify seven distinct early employment trajectories, with the “standard” career, characterized by stable, full-time permanent jobs in the first 5 years post-education, being the most prevalent. Second, we find that combined patterns of non-standard employment and underemployment during early careers are associated with significant wage penalties. However, these wage penalties diminish within 10 years. Third, enduring and widening wage disparities are found only among youth primarily unemployed or inactive early in their careers. These penalties are particularly pronounced among men, underscoring the influence of the “ideal” worker norm. Overall, integrating underemployed jobseekers into the workforce and addressing gender-based biases should be a priority for policymakers to ensure equal opportunities and fair treatment for all workers in the labor market.
Exploring the intermediary role of ed-tech consulting in Germany: In-between policy, pedagogy, and economics
Authors: Joecks Lucas
Published: March 2024

This paper presents a critical analysis of the multifaceted intermediary role played by ed-tech (educational technology) consulting providers in the realm of educational governance. The study draws on multidisciplinary research and uses illustrative examples from Germany to outline their impact on the integration of digital technologies in schools. By employing an analytical framework that encompasses three key perspectives—policy, pedagogy, and economics—the paper explores the complexities of consultancy between governance actors, sectors, and fields of knowledge. Considering these dimensions together, the study offers a comprehensive understanding of ed-tech consulting, shedding light on its influence on policy enactment, educational practices, and economic value chains. It underscores the challenges and tensions that consultants must navigate, while raising concerns about their potential to pre-empt pedagogical decisions and diffuse commercial interests into educational settings. As such, this paper aims to provide a conceptual foundation for investigating these ambiguities, with the goal of stimulating further research into the growing field of ed-tech consulting.
Fixed-time leader–follower consensus for second-order multi-agent systems: Variable exponent sliding mode control approach
Authors: Jiao Jianmin , Li Junmin
Published: March 2024

This paper investigates the fixed-time leader–follower consensus (LFC) problem of second-order multi-agent systems (MASs) with bounded disturbance under directed interaction topology. First, a sliding mode manifold (SMM) with consensus errors–dependent variable exponential coefficient is given. Then, two sliding mode control (SMC) protocols are proposed. The proposed control protocols can eliminate the singularity, while guaranteeing the fixed-time reachability of the consensus errors to the sliding mode surface (SMS) and the fixed-time convergence of the consensus errors toward the origin along the SMS. Finally, the validity of the obtained methodology is confirmed by two simulation examples.
Making Exceptions Exceptional: A Cross-Methodological Review and Future Research Agenda
Authors: Hymer Christina B. , Smith Anne D.
Published: March 2024

“Exceptions” refers to data obtained from a nontraditional context and/or data that emerge during data analysis that substantially deviate from other data present within a study. Both qualitative and quantitative research acknowledge exceptions; however, approaches for handling and discussing exceptions vary across these two perspectives and are rarely integrated. We provide a two-decade review of exception usages across 930 empirical articles in six leading management journals. Through our review, we identify two types of exceptions: planned and emergent. “Planned exceptions” describes unique data or phenomenon used to motivate a study design. “Emergent exceptions” describes nonconforming data that arise during data analysis. We review on-diagonal and off-diagonal patterns in exception uses across qualitative and quantitative research, pointing to varied ways that exceptions are used to further management theory. Based on insights gleaned from our review, we provide suggestions for researchers in handling exceptions across different phases of the research process: study design, data analysis, and findings presentation.
Efficacy of diadynamic currents as an adjunct to exercise to manage symptoms of knee osteoarthritis in adults: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Alfredo Patrícia Pereira , Johnson Mark I , Bjordal Jan Magnus , Santos Adriana Teresa Silva , Peres Giovani Bravin , Junior Washington Steagall , Casarotto Raquel Aparecida
Published: March 2024

Objective

To investigate the effect of diadynamic currents administered prior to exercises on pain and disability in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee.

Design

A randomized-controlled trial.

Setting

Special Rehabilitation Services in Taboão da Serra.

Participants

Patients with bilateral knee osteoarthritis.

Intervention

Participants were randomly allocated to Group I (diadynamic currents and exercises; n = 30, 60 knees) or Group II (exercises alone; n = 30, 60 knees) and were treated three times a week for 8 weeks.

Main outcome measures

The primary outcome measures were change in knee pain evaluated by visual analog scale and disability Index Score (Lequesne). Secondary outcomes included change in mobility (Timed Up and Go test), range of motion (goniometer), muscle strength (dynamometer), a composite score for pain and disability (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis questionnaire), and a drug diary to measure consumption of rescue pain medication (paracetamol). All measurements were collected at baseline, 8 weeks, and 6 months from baseline (follow-up).

Results

There were 60 participants with a mean (SD) age of 63.40 (8.20) years. Between-group differences in the follow-up (8 weeks and 6 months) were observed for pain at rest, pain during activities of daily living and disability. There was improvement in Group I that was maintained for the three variables 6 months after treatment. Mean difference for pain at rest was −3.08 points (95% confidence interval −4.13; −2.02), p < 0.01 with an effect size of 1.4; mean difference for pain during activities of daily living was −2.40 points (95% confidence interval −3.34; −1.45), p < 0.01 with an effect size of 1.24; and mean difference for disability was −4.08 points (95% confidence interval −5.89; −2.26), p < 0.01 with an effect size of 1.04.

Conclusion

Patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis receiving 8 weeks of treatment with diadynamic currents as an adjunct to a program of exercises had significantly greater improvements in pain and disability than those receiving exercises alone. Beneficial effects were sustained for 6 months.
Citizen Satisfaction Research in Public Administration: A Systematic Literature Review and Future Research Agenda
Authors: Kim Soojin , Rho Eunju , Teo Yu Xuan Joycelyn
Published: March 2024

This study presents a systematic review of the 122 studies on citizen satisfaction in the field of public administration. The research aims to identify the current state of knowledge on citizen satisfaction by drawing on existing empirical results and conceptual arguments, highlighting research gaps, and developing a heuristic framework to guide future research. Based on a literature search of 12 major public administration journals, our findings indicate that citizen satisfaction has gained significant academic attention as a performance measure to monitor and assess public service delivery, particularly at the local level. Despite substantial scrutiny in diverse research contexts, quantitative studies still predominate, mainly using secondary survey data in their research. Furthermore, we observed an absence of an agreed-upon definition for citizen satisfaction and an over-emphasis on the expectancy-disconfirmation model to explain the satisfaction process, highlighting the need for scholars to move beyond the performance-expectation dyad. While reviewing a set of environmental, organizational, and individual-level antecedents and outcomes, we noticed few scholars have considered the effects of moderating variables on citizen satisfaction. As such, our paper concludes by identifying a few underexplored research themes that could facilitate knowledge-building regarding citizen satisfaction.
Mitotic activity: A systematic literature review of the assessment methodology and prognostic value in canine tumors
Authors: Bertram Christof A. , Donovan Taryn A. , Bartel Alexander
Published: March 2024

One of the most relevant prognostic indices for tumors is cellular proliferation, which is most commonly measured by the mitotic activity in routine tumor sections. The goal of this systematic review was to analyze the methods and prognostic relevance of histologically measuring mitotic activity that have been reported for canine tumors in the literature. A total of 137 articles that correlated the mitotic activity in canine tumors with patient outcome were identified through a systematic (PubMed and Scopus) and nonsystematic (Google Scholar) literature search and eligibility screening process. Mitotic activity methods encompassed the mitotic count (MC, number of mitotic figures per tumor area) in 126 studies, presumably the MC (method not specified) in 6 studies, and the mitotic index (MI, number of mitotic figures per number of tumor cells) in 5 studies. A particularly high risk of bias was identified based on the available details of the MC methods and statistical analyses, which often did not quantify the prognostic discriminative ability of the MC and only reported P values. A significant association of the MC with survival was found in 72 of 109 (66%) studies. However, survival was evaluated by at least 3 studies in only 7 tumor types/groups, of which a prognostic relevance is apparent for mast cell tumors of the skin, cutaneous melanoma, and soft tissue tumor of the skin and subcutis. None of the studies using the MI found a prognostic relevance. This review highlights the need for more studies with standardized methods and appropriate analysis of the discriminative ability to prove the prognostic value of the MC and MI in various tumor types. Future studies are needed to evaluate the influence of the performance of individual pathologists on the appropriateness of prognostic thresholds and investigate methods to improve interobserver reproducibility.