bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zugzwang
Authors: Moseley Jarrett
Published: January 2025

Abstract: The Winter 2024–25 Issue. Ploughshares is an award-winning journal of new writing. Since 1971, Ploughshares has discovered and cultivated the freshest voices in contemporary American literature, and now provides readers with thoughtful and entertaining literature in a variety of formats. Find out why the New York Times named Ploughshares “the Triton among minnows.” The Winter 2024–25 Issue, edited by John Skoyles, features poetry and prose by Joan Silber, Timothy Liu, Pádraig Ó Tuama, Emily Fragos, Charles Baxter, Rasaq Malik Gbolahan, Malena Mörling, and more.
Even Time Grows Old
Authors: Nurkse D.
Published: January 2025

Abstract: The Winter 2024–25 Issue. Ploughshares is an award-winning journal of new writing. Since 1971, Ploughshares has discovered and cultivated the freshest voices in contemporary American literature, and now provides readers with thoughtful and entertaining literature in a variety of formats. Find out why the New York Times named Ploughshares “the Triton among minnows.” The Winter 2024–25 Issue, edited by John Skoyles, features poetry and prose by Joan Silber, Timothy Liu, Pádraig Ó Tuama, Emily Fragos, Charles Baxter, Rasaq Malik Gbolahan, Malena Mörling, and more.
Melancholia
Authors: Smith Matthew Buckley
Published: January 2025

Abstract: The Winter 2024–25 Issue. Ploughshares is an award-winning journal of new writing. Since 1971, Ploughshares has discovered and cultivated the freshest voices in contemporary American literature, and now provides readers with thoughtful and entertaining literature in a variety of formats. Find out why the New York Times named Ploughshares “the Triton among minnows.” The Winter 2024–25 Issue, edited by John Skoyles, features poetry and prose by Joan Silber, Timothy Liu, Pádraig Ó Tuama, Emily Fragos, Charles Baxter, Rasaq Malik Gbolahan, Malena Mörling, and more.
Mother’s Colors
Authors: Lezra Billy
Published: January 2025

Abstract: The Winter 2024–25 Issue. Ploughshares is an award-winning journal of new writing. Since 1971, Ploughshares has discovered and cultivated the freshest voices in contemporary American literature, and now provides readers with thoughtful and entertaining literature in a variety of formats. Find out why the New York Times named Ploughshares “the Triton among minnows.” The Winter 2024–25 Issue, edited by John Skoyles, features poetry and prose by Joan Silber, Timothy Liu, Pádraig Ó Tuama, Emily Fragos, Charles Baxter, Rasaq Malik Gbolahan, Malena Mörling, and more.
Explanation of Aberration of Light Based on the Theory of Absolutely Stationary Reference Frame
Authors: zhou jiajun , Zhou Qinyan
Published: January 2025

Vacuum is an absolutely static reference system. When light propagates in a vacuum, it moves in an absolutely static reference system. The propagation speed of light in a medium is a constant, which has nothing to do with the motion state of the light source, the observer or the receiver. When light propagates in a medium, it is dragged by the inertia of the medium. While light propagates in a vacuum, the vacuum is absolutely static, which cannot drag the light to move, and the speed, position, and direction of light in a vacuum are fixed. (the above viewpoint comes from reference [1],[2],[3],[4]).Based on this theory, the phenomenon of aberration of light can be explained .
So, According to this theory, it can be concluded that aberration of light is not a universal phenomenon but only exists on heavenly bodies with dense atmospheres, which are transparent and in motion. Dense atmospheres can drive light to move, causing the apparent position of heavenly bodies. On the contrary, if a heavenly body is without atmosphere, no aberrations but only parallaxes can be observed.
Steerable dual-trap optical tweezers with confocal position detection using back-scattered light
Authors: PULLARKAT PRAMOD , Ashraf Md Arsalan
Published: January 2025

Optical tweezers has emerged as a powerful tool in manipulating microscopic particles and in measuring weak forces of the order of a pico-Newton. As a result, it has found wide applications ranging from material science to biology. Dual-trap optical tweezers (DTOT) are of particular importance as they allow for two point correlation measurements as in molecular force spectroscopy, two-point active micro-rheology, etc. Here we report a novel design for a steerable DTOT setup which uses back-scattered light from the two traps for position detection. This is performed using a confocal scheme where the two detectors are placed at the conjugate points to the respective traps. This offers several significant advantages over current designs, such as, zero cross-talk between signals, single module assembly and robustness to thermal drift. Moreover, our design can be very easily integrated with standard microscopy techniques like Phase contrast and Differential Interference Contrast, without modifying the microscope illumination unit.
Comparison of far field divergences of a collimated laser diode beam calculated by geometrical optics and Gaussian beam optics
Authors: Sun Haiyin
Published: January 2025

Geometrical optics and Gaussian beam optics are used, respectively, to calculate the far field divergence of a collimated laser diode beam. The two results obtained are the same. This is a new finding.
Effect of circulating prolactin, lactation days, and seasonal variations on first artificial insemination pregnancy rates using the PG7G protocol in dairy cows
Authors: Alnimer Mufeed A. , Abedal-Majed Mohamed A. , Al-Qaisi Mohmmad , Shamoun Ahmad I.
Published: January 2025

Background and Aim: Dairy farm profitability is linked to milk yield and reproductive efficiency. High prolactin levels during lactation can negatively impact fertility. Timed AI protocols like PG7G are used to improve pregnancy rates. This study investigates the effects of extending the voluntary waiting period (VWP) from 63 to 73 days after the PG7G protocol on reproductive parameters, including progesterone and prolactin levels, pregnancy rates, and pregnancy losses, in lactating Holstein cows during summer and winter seasons.

Materials and Methods: A total of 2100 lactating dairy cows were divided into groups and assigned to the PG7G protocol based on their parity. Two groups were formed based on the number of days in milk (DIM) after the first PGF2α injection. The first group (PG7G-63) received a PGF2α injection 30-day postpartum (pp) and followed a specific protocol. The second group, PG7G-73, followed the same protocol but received a PGF2α injection 40-day pp. Pregnancy was confirmed, and blood samples were collected for analysis. Temperature and humidity were also recorded throughout the study.

Results: Extension of the VWP to 73-day (PG7G-73 group) significantly improved pregnancy rates on day 47 pp compared with the 63-day VWP (PG7G-63 group). However, the PG7G-63 group exhibited lower PLs. Seasonality markedly influenced reproductive outcomes, with higher P/AI in the moderate season for primiparous cows and in the hot season for multiparous cows. Conversely, PL in both groups increased during the hot season.

Conclusion: Extending the VWP from 63 to 73 days pp in lactating Holstein cows significantly improved pregnancy rates, while seasonality affected reproductive outcomes, with higher pregnancy rates in moderate temperatures and increased pregnancy loss during hot seasons.

Keywords: dairy cows, days in milk, pregnancy rate, prolactin, season, timed artificial insemination.
Effectiveness of acupuncture for equine laminitis: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fikri Faisal , Purnomo Agus , Maslamama Salipudin Tasil , Purnama Muhammad Thohawi Elziyad
Published: January 2025

Background and Aim: In the past 20 years, acupuncture has been utilized as an alternative therapy for equine laminitis despite a lack of clinical evidence to support its effectiveness. Information from previous studies needs to be evaluated holistically to verify the effectiveness of acupuncture. This meta-analysis aimed to comprehensively investigate the effectiveness of acupuncture as a treatment for laminitis in horses.

Materials and Methods: A total of 7 studies out of 145 were selected in the PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and ProQuest databases using the keywords “equine laminitis,” “acupuncture,” “horses,” and “lameness score.” Articles were selected following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis flow diagram, and the extracted data were analyzed using OpenMEE software to determine Hedges’ d effect size and Log Odds Ratio.

Results: As a result, this meta-analysis study reported that acupuncture improves horses with laminitis (Odds Ratio = 2.254; 95% CI = 1.167–4.355) and has a favorable effect on lameness scores (mean difference = −5.008; 95% CI = −8.094–−1.923).

Conclusion: This meta-analysis enhanced the clinical studies demonstrating that twice-weekly acupuncture performed for 4 weeks consecutively can ameliorate lameness scores and a horse’s potential for recovery. These investigations have led to the implementation of dry needling, hemo-acupuncture, aqua-acupuncture, and electroacupuncture as alternate treatments for equine laminitis.

Keywords: acupuncture, domesticated animals, equine laminitis, horse, meta-analysis.
Emiltatug Ledadotin (XMT-1660) Encouraging Data in mTNBC; Receives Fast Track Designation
Authors:   Sunvalley Communication, LLC / ADC Review, Garcia Danielle
Published: January 2025

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently granted an additional Fast Track designation to emiltatug ledadotin (XMT-1660; see ADC Drugmap), an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) targeting B7-H4 (VTCN1), an immune-suppressive plasma membrane protein that is overexpressed in multiple tumor types, including in breast, ovarian, and endometrial cancers, but with relatively little or no expression in normal, or healthy, tissues.
Study of the upper epidermis of leaves of Zizyphus species and varieties in Central and Southern Iraq
Authors: Kamil I J , Al-hassnawy S H H
Published: January 2025

The results showed that some anatomical features of the leaves have good taxonomic value for distinguishing between these species and varieties. The upper epidermal cells of the studied species and varieties showed clear differences in their dimensions. Although the two species Z. mauritiana and Z. spina-christi, existed under the same environmental conditions, the dimensions of the upper epidermal cells of the first species were more significant than those of the second, which made them a distinctive feature of this species. Z. nummularia, the upper epidermis of the varieties of this species, was also significant in dimensions, unlike Z. nummularia, in which the upper epidermal cells were large in dimensions. The difference was also evident in the thickness of the surface walls of the upper epidermal cells, which were thicker in most species of Z. mauritiana than in the rest of the species, especially the cells of Armouti Tailandy, which were even thicker than the walls of the upper epidermal cells of Z. nummularia, despite the harsh conditions in which this species lives. The variation in the distribution of stomata on the surface of the upper epidermis was apparent between species and sometimes between varieties of the same species. As mentioned in the results, this variation helped include the species and varieties in one group. This reflects the close evolutionary relationship between them. Then, the frequency of stomata on the surface of the upper epidermis of species Z. nummularia is higher than that of the rest of the species. This may seem natural for the species Z. nummularia due to the nature of the desert environment.
PSTK exerts protective role in cisplatin‐tubular cell injury via BAX/BCL2/Caspase3 pathway
Authors: Wu Yifan , Xv Yuanyuan , Zhao Limei , Zhou Ziqi , Wang Miaomiao , Xi Jima , Liming Ying , Gao Jianling , Deng Bingqing , Zheng Dong
Published: January 2025

Cisplatin is a widely used anticancer drug, but its accumulation in renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) can cause acute kidney injury. Phosphoseryl‐tRNA kinase (PSTK) is an intermediate product produced under oxidative stress conditions. This study aimed to elucidate whether PSTK could protect TECs and its possible mechanisms. We found that PSTK levels decreased after cisplatin treatment, but PSTK overexpression using lentivirus vectors protected TEC viability. Overexpression of PSTK increased selenoprotein concentrations and reduced intracellular ROS levels. Additionally, PSTK overexpression inhibited the BAX/BCL2/Caspase 3 pathway after cisplatin stimulation, suggesting its potential role in preventing cell apoptosis. Taken together, this study suggests that PSTK could protect TEC viability from cisplatin‐induced injury, possibly by inhibiting mitochondrial apoptosis. The study is significant for developing therapeutic strategies that could manipulate PSTK to delay AKI progression.
(H)ariuga/(h)aruiga: an etymological research
Authors: Sarullo Giulia
Published: January 2025

The term (h)ariuga/(h)aruiga is exclusively attested as a gloss for a sacrificial animal in Latin grammarians. However, inconsistencies in the textual transmission of the term – with fluctuations in the presence or absence of the initial h- and a different sequence of the (semi-)vocalic elements of the central syllable – necessitate a critical examination of the manuscript tradition of primary sources like Varro and Festus. A subsequent morphological analysis aims to determine the word’s structure. This study reviews previous etymological proposals, ultimately rejecting those deemed untenable and ranking the remaining possibilities. By comparing Latin and Greek data, we dismiss the notion of a simple term, prevalent until the 19th century. While most contemporary scholars favor a compound structure, their reconstructions often face semantic challenges. Our research re-examines the hypothesis of a derivative with the prefix ad- and introduces novel explanations to enhance the semantic plausibility of the term.
The synchrony and diachrony of example markers in Latin
Authors: Magni Elisabetta , Cepraga Ottavia
Published: January 2025

This article aims to fill a gap in the current literature on the pragmatics of Latin by proposing a corpus-based analysis of the different words (e.g., ut, uelut, sicut), phrases (e.g., exempli gratia, uerbi causa), and constructions (e.g., ut puta, si dicas) exploited to signal the process of exemplification. The structures and devices that perform this discursive operation are essentially neglected in Latin handbooks of syntax and stylistics, and only sparse comments on individual forms can be found in the lexica and in recent literature. To investigate these understudied issues, we have devised a functional taxonomy centred around the notions of meta-exemplification, canonical exemplification, and para-exemplification. The analysis of the data illustrating the different strategies and signals of exemplification is based on the tenets of historical pragmatics. The discussion focuses on the multiple roles and emergence of example markers in different textual genres, with special attention to technical prose and grammatical treatises, where examples are crucial in describing natural categories and explaining linguistic phenomena. The significance of the results extends beyond the Latin language and sheds light on the origin and development of example markers in general.
Dormivit et resurgit. A language-ecology approach to the diachrony of the Latin ingressive perfect
Authors: Aerts Simon
Published: January 2025

After the merger of the perfect and aorist stems, the resulting perfectum stem in Latin kept its less central functions such as resultativity and ingressivity as marked aspectual meanings in its semantic potential. Occurring first in literary and especially poetic text, as a dormant, archaic function, its use was revived in the 4th century due to intensifying exchanges with New Testament Greek, where the ingressive aorist was still more productive. The current paper examines, on the basis of a representative sample selected from all relevant time periods and various text types, perfectum stem forms of a substantial number of stative verbs in a close-reading process, in order to ascertain more accurately the dynamics of the diachrony of Latin ingressivity. The occurrence rate of this form-function pairing is compared to significant alternations of a number of contextual factors, such as discourse type, mood, predicate fronting and the dynamics in the system of lexical ingressivity.
Ecce in Archaic Latin: interjection or demonstrative?
Authors: Orqueda Verónica , Rivera Castro Renata , Toro Varela Francisca
Published: January 2025

Longstanding debate persists regarding the classification of Latin ecce as word class. While some scholars regard it as a particle or demonstrative, others characterize it as an interjection. This study examines the implications of these approaches and analyzes the behavior of ecce in Archaic Latin according to different grammatical and semantic criteria. The analysis confirms that ecce functions primarily as a predicative demonstrative. Furthermore, it contends that ecce can be specifically categorized as a presentative predicative demonstrative. These results suggest that the interjectional use of this demonstrative must have arisen only secondarily.
Cell indices as predictors of progression-free survival in multiple myeloma: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Han Viet Trung , Vu Minh Phuong , Pham Phuong Thao , Vu Hoang , Duong Hai Yen
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Certain basic cell indices may possess prognostic significance in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). This study aims to evaluate the prognostic value of a combination of cell indices (CCI), comprising the percentage of bone marrow plasma cells (BMPCs), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet count, on progression-free survival (PFS) in MM patients.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study analyzed 111 patients with newly diagnosed MM. Patients were assigned 1 point for each of the following: high percentage of BMPCs (40 %), high NLR (2.065), and low platelet count (<150 × 109/L). Based on these scores, the CCI was formulated. Patients were categorized into low-risk (0 points), intermediate-risk (1–2 points), and high-risk (3 points) groups.

Results

Univariate and multivariate analyses identified CCI as an independent prognostic factor for PFS (intermediate-risk group: Hazard ratio (HR) 3.538, 95 % CI: 1.592–7.860, high-risk group; HR 5.049, 95 % CI: 1.890–13.482, p<0.001). The PFS for the low-risk, intermediate-risk, and high-risk groups were 41.732, 27.758, and 16.600 months, respectively.

Conclusions

The CCI, incorporating the percentage of BMPCs, NLR, and platelet count, may serve as an independent prognostic factor for PFS in MM patients.
Species Composition, Genetic Structure, and Pathogen Prevalence in Tick Populations in Guangxi, China
Authors: Jiang Na , Tian Haoqiang , Li Chunfu , Ma Rui , Liu Mengyun , Wang Shurong , Zhou Qingan , Wei Xiankai , Mo Juanmei , Chen Zimei , Sheng Zhaoan , Duan Lei , He Lu , Song Peng , Sun Jiahui , Li Jian , Hu Wei , Feng Xinyu
Published: January 2025

Background:

Ticks are important vectors for many pathogens affecting humans and animals. This study was aimed at investigating the species composition, genetic diversity, and potential transmission risks of tick-borne pathogens in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.

Methods:

A total of 980 ticks were collected from 14 prefecture-level cities in Guangxi between March and July 2021. Ticks were identified morphologically and genetically, and the population diversity of Rhipicephalus microplus was analyzed according to 16S rDNA, COXI, and ITS-2 gene sequences. Population genetics was assessed through FST, AMOVA, and phylogenetic analyses. PCR was used to detect five common tick-borne pathogens: Rickettsia, Babesia, Theileria, Borrelia burgdorferi, and Anaplasma phagocytophilum.

Results:

Rhipicephalus microplus was the dominant tick species, and was observed in 92.04% of all samples. Genetic diversity analysis revealed higher haplotype diversity for the 16S rDNA and COXI genes than the ITS-2 gene; these findings suggested a faster evolutionary rate for the first two markers. Population genetic differentiation was observed between Rhipicephalus microplus populations in Guilin, Hechi, and other regions, probably because of geographic isolation. Pathogen analysis revealed a 13.27% overall infection rate, and identified three Rickettsia, two Babesia, and three Theileria species. Co-infection with Theileria and Rickettsia was also detected. Notably, neither Borrelia nor Anaplasma was found in the tick samples. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed the distinctiveness of the Rickettsia and Piroplasma groups.

Conclusions:

This study provides a comprehensive assessment of tick species diversity and tick-borne pathogens in Guangxi, highlighting the potential health risks posed by Rhipicephalus microplus. The findings emphasize the need for expanded tick surveillance, enhanced pathogen detection methods, and integrated management strategies to mitigate the spread of tick-borne diseases. Future research should include the collection of free questing ticks and metagenomic approaches to provide a more comprehensive understanding of pathogen risk in the region.
Critical Narrative of Santri Against Fake News and Religious Moderation
Authors: Zulyadi Teuku , Akmal Saiful , Putri Nanda , Maulida Titin Arifa , Fazri Anhar
Published: January 2025

In the era of disruption, digital literacy is a must in the communication process, particularly for students or santri in schools and madrassas. As one of the most active social media users, Madrasah and Dayah students must understand the difference between trustworthy and fake news (hoaxes) that has been mixed in cyberspace, susceptible news that has the potential to affect the realm of law and religious extremism. The digital literacy assistance targets Aliyah students in four popular boarding schools in Banda Aceh and Aceh Besar regency, with a focus on debunking fake news. This paper employs participatory learning and action (PLA) as a technique for assisting school-aged children. In practice, it was discovered that Aliyah students have a limited understanding of digital literacy, particularly in relation to factors that contribute to the suppression of fake news. It is anticipated that the results make a significant contribution to socialization efforts and targeted campaigns to raise awareness of digital literacy among elementary and secondary school-aged children, as well as its incorporation into the curriculum.
KH Mohammad Cholil Bisri's Da’wah in the Field of Islamic Politics in Indonesia
Authors: Riyadi Agus , Karim Abdul , Hakim Lukmanul
Published: January 2025

This study aims to analyze the political da’wah activities of KH Mohammad Cholil Bisri in Indonesia and its impact on the development of Islamic politics. Using descriptive qualitative methods and political approaches. Data collection techniques through interviews and documentation. The study results indicate that KH Cholil Bisri plays an important role in Islamic politics in Indonesia, especially through preaching that integrates Islamic values with national life. Since the 1971 to 1992 elections, he has been active in voicing the importance of Islamic morality in politics while overseeing the birth of the National Awakening Party (PKB). His political da’wah paved the way for inclusive and moderate Islam in national politics. The impact of KH Cholil Bisri's political da’wah is the creation of a strengthening of moderate Islamic politics by Indonesian national values, making him an important figure in formulating fair and just state policies. The implications of this study suggest that KH Mohammad Cholil Bisri's political da’wah significantly contributed to the shaping of inclusive and moderate Islamic politics in Indonesia, offering valuable insights for future political leaders in integrating Islamic values with national governance to promote justice, unity, and social harmony.
The Rise and Fall of Sunni-Shia Relations in Indonesia: The in-Between Theology, Political-Economics, and Da’wah
Authors: Asmana Azis , Mubarok Wijdan Khoirul Mubtadi
Published: January 2025

This study discusses the dynamics of the relationship between Sunnis and Shiites in Indonesia, which are sometimes tense, but generally harmonious. This study is qualitative-research using a literature review method. To sharpen the analysis of the discussion of the dynamics of Sunnis-Shiites, interdisciplinary research is used in the study of religions. The results of this study indicate that the main factor causing tension between Shiites vis-à-vis Sunnis is due to the doctrine of the Imamate which is the belief of the Shiites themselves. This doctrinal difference is what gives rise to other elementary factors such as politics and economics. That the elements of doctrine, politics and economics make the relationship between Sunnis and Shiites in Indonesia even more complicated. The three are intertwined in such a way that the Sunni-Shiite conflict develops in various regions of Indonesia. However, this study also shows a relatively harmonious relationship process between Sunnis and Shiites in various regions of Indonesia. The harmonization process between the two camps with different ideologies occurs at the grassroots level. This study recommends the process of strengthening cultural da'wah as one of the harmonization strategies among religious communities in Indonesia.
Introduction to the Special Issue Forum
Authors: Gregorious Fredrik , Haug Skjoldli Jane , Thykier Makeef Tao
Published: January 2025

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Reception of the "Russian Idea" in the Context of Rethinking Ideas About the Past
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Tokareva Svetlana
Published: January 2025

The article presents the results of a study of the reception of the "Russian idea" in the context of rethinking the concepts of "past", "tradition", "continuity". Methodological innovations are highlighted, the sequence of which led to a rethinking of the relationship between the past and the present and allowed us to formulate the theory of reception as a methodological basis for the perception of broadcast ideas. Two types of reception of ideas are distinguished: spontaneous and theoretical. It is shown that any attempts to think of the "Russian idea" outside the dialectical unity of universality and "Russianness" turn it either into a nationalist idea or into a logically contradictory concept. The theoretical reception of the "Russian idea" does not consist in searching for or defending its specific formulations but in restoring and clarifying the ambivalent nature of its inherent universality, the meaning of which Russian religious philosophy derives from Byzantine culture. Among the historical conditions for the articulation of the "Russian idea" is the decisive role played by the emancipation of culture that began in Russia at the beginning of the 18th century, when thinkers, writers, poets, and publicists turned into heralds of ideas and leaders of the masses. This creates prerequisites not only for the articulation of the "Russian idea" but also for its subsequent reception within the framework of socio-political discourse. The Russian idea concept is articulated by representatives of the Russian religious Renaissance as a philosophical system based on the principle of unity, the ambivalent meaning of which is derived from the Byzantine culture. The specificity of the universalism of the "Russian idea" discovered in the course of theoretical reception allows us to correlate the Messianism inherent in it with the highlighted meanings of unity. The Russian idea is "loaded" with interpretations that turn it into a set of competing ideologies and is unilaterally associated with the peculiarities of national identity and Russian mentality as a result of the transfer to the field of political discourse.
Deconstruction of Human Nature Using the Concept of “Desiring Machines” in Deleuze and Guattari’s Work “Anti-Oedipus”
Authors:   Volgograd State Technical University, Vorobyeva Alexandra
Published: January 2025

The article reveals the attempt of postmodernist authors J. Deleuze and F. Guattari to deconstruct human nature through the mechanical separation of processes associated with desires, referred to as “desiring machines.” Thus, there is a rejection of the idea of a holistic human “I” in favor of considering anthropological reality as a set of flows and cross-sections. The mechanization of desires presupposes their autonomization, disconnection from the image of human nature, and inclusion in the schizophrenic world without distinction. The author notes that thanks to such deconstruction, an attempt is made to justify the need for a capitalist structure of society, in which it is possible to combine production and consumption without loss of resources, and the cycle of desires becomes endless. The necessity of accepting the existence of “desiring machines” and their freedom, postulated by Deleuze and Guattari, is questioned. The reality that is described by this concept cannot be identified either empirically or phenomenologically; it is performative and indicates only a special mode of consciousness. The main problem of the approach proposed by postmodernists is that the regime of the “desiring machine” can only be reproduced in special situations, such as the situation of organized leisure, which do not exhaust the entire diversity of human life. Considering each desire as a separate and unique flow is contrary to common sense, which indicates the typicality of needs and the aspirations that follow them. The individuality of desires also turns out to be questionable in the light of social and cultural analysis of their formation based on people’s imitation of each other. The desiring machines described by Deleuze and Guattari cannot be considered a full-fledged alternative to human nature but are only one aspect of the modern capitalist system.
Posthuman Corporeality: Rethinking Human Nature
Authors:   Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas, Toropova Anastasia
Published: January 2025

The article problematizes the notion of the immutability of human nature in the light of modern scientific achievements, which force us to reconsider the usual views on the human body. The article problematizes the concept of corporeality. According to the author’s position, corporeality is a multilayered structure that includes biological, social, and individual dimensions. The body is presented not only as a physical object but also as a cultural construct formed through social practice and technological innovations. Three dimensions of corporeality are highlighted to distinguish the material substratum in man, their individual territory for the realization of their own projects, and the sphere of influence on the physical body of social institutions. The changing appearance of the human body under the influence of advances in biomedical engineering, pharmacology, and cybernetics is analyzed. For example, the active use of 3D organ printing technology, genome editing with CRISPR-Cas9, bionic prostheses, and neuro-implants are expanding the boundaries of our concept of the body and the body’s potential, sharpening the question of the human body. It is revealed that the traditional links between humans and the non anthropic in culture and science are now being reconsidered. The ideas of posthumanist philosophers, who offer a new view of the human being not as a sovereign and autonomous being, but as an actor in a complex network of relations with non-anthropic entities of different kinds – from biological beings to technological formations – are considered. Based on the ideas of philosophers such as Ray Kurzweil and Rosi Braidotti, it is concluded that today there is a posthumanist tendency to consider the body as a hybrid entity, a union of nature and artificial technologies, which in the future will lead to the emergence of a posthuman existence, where human identity will be blurred to such an extent that it may practically cease to exist.
The Notion of Human Nature as a Theological, Historical and Philosophical Problem
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Javorskiy Dmitriy
Published: January 2025

The article problematizes the concept of human nature in three related fields of knowledge: theology, history, and philosophy. The main problem with "human nature" as a theological concept is that it was based on ancient anthropology, primarily Aristotle. However, modern intellectual culture is separated from antiquity by the "anthropological revolution" that occurred at the beginning of the twentieth century thanks to Freud, Heidegger, Lorenz, and others. As a result, a different idea of human nature has emerged, in which, for example, sexuality, mortality, and aggressiveness are understood not as defects of human nature, but as constitutive factors of human personality. From the perspective of modern anthropology, the concept of human nature as a tool of dogmatic theology needs to be rethought. However, this conclusion itself requires historical verification, and meaningful transformations of the concept of human nature require scrupulous historical research. In turn, the historical study of semantic transformations of the concept of human nature is complicated by the uncertainty of its boundaries and content. There are at least five ways of understanding human nature, dating back to ancient philosophy: nature as the antonym of art (technē), nature as a "scheme" of a thing, setting the direction of its transformations, nature as the goal of movement, nature as a measure of perfection, norm, and nature as an ensemble of typologizing signs. In contemporary debates, the validity of the concept of human nature is called into question. Constructivist criticism of essentialism is based on anthropological data, which testify to the diversity of ideas about man and, accordingly, reinforce the thesis that "human nature" is a cultural construct that does not have an ontological status. However, over the past few decades, evolutionary biologists have sought to give stable and "objective" content to the concept of human nature. However, the possibility of using the data of modern biology, which reveals the evolutionarily established species characteristics of a person (including those that are still considered cultural), to identify a cultural norm remains in question.
Man is the One Who Argues With Fate
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Neretina Svetlana
Published: January 2025

The article talks about how the early medieval philosopher Boethius, "master of all services" at the court of the Ostrogothic king Theodoric, condemned to death for high treason in the book "The Consolation of Philosophy," solves the problem of what a person is. This was not only a philosophically pressing problem but also an existential problem, closely related to the time of its appearance, since a high-born Roman in trouble found himself in the middle of the struggle between Arianism (the creed of Theodoric) and Christianity of the Nicene version (which Theodoric admitted), but for whom Arianism was heresy. An effort of thought was required to prove the correctness of the actions of a person who had not lost his dignity, who at the same time did not attempt "lese majeste," which was considered high treason. Boethius connects the solution to the problem of what a person is with the concepts of providence, predestination, free will, and ways of combining them, which ultimately determine the fate of a person, revealing the content of predestination. The book is a dispute between two understandings of fate: fortune, representing a free spirit in the game of diverse contingencies, and fate, revealing the only thing predetermined for anything among the countless possibilities of providence. Initially rejecting the understanding of man as a rational mortal living being, Boethius is inclined to think that man is one who is able to challenge his own destiny, resolutely resisting the understanding of fate as a ruthless executor of the lot that fell by chance. Boethius, radically breaking with ancient traditions, likens fate to art, which, before its plans are completed, allows the creator to freely use his capabilities and abilities to act. Necessity allows freedom to challenge itself. "The effect of art would be negligible if everything were played out forcedly." The book reveals traces of the Arian faith, which at that time competed with orthodox Christianity, and philosophical analysis of this suggests that Boethius had hope of changing his fate.
Human Nature and Divine Essence: Ehrenberg and Rosenstock-Huessy on Dogma and Society in Russia and Western Europe
Authors:   Dutch Association Respondeo, Kroesen Otto ,   German Rosenstock-Huessy Gesellschaft
Published: January 2025

In this contribution, the spiritual, theological, and social background of the changing meaning of the concept of nature is researched. It has developed within scholastic theology as part of the so-called Papal Revolution. A different understanding of the dogma leads to a different spirituality, a different societal order, and a different human self. Such is the understanding of Hans Ehrenberg and Eugen Rosenstock-Huessy. They also worked in close contact with Russian thinkers who developed a philosophy of language and society along similar lines. They were all convinced of living on the brink of a new era, an era beyond traditional church and theology, the age of the Spirit, as they stated. The great society, with its manyfold actors, is the unique event of that time, the emergence of which was brought about violently by the world wars: the world cannot be organized merely from one center. The only means of making any progress now is to open up to each other by speech! From this point of view, especially Ehrenberg and Rosenstock-Huessy have traced back the developments of church and society. An important issue in these social and historical developments is the Great Schism of 1054. Especially Ehrenberg made an attempt to understand and bring together the heritage of Russia and the heritage of Western Europe. In his vision the time has arrived that the divergence of different traditions is over. New communities of responsibility need to be created, and this requires a new understanding of grammar to counter the instrumentalization of human beings in the social machinery of production and consumption.
Cutaneous mastocytosis: Clinical Case
Authors: Ibisheva Aset Kh. , Shakhgireeva Madina R. , Dzhabrailova Linda V.-M. , Khildikharoeva Asya B. , Uspanova Linda S. , GetaevaKamila A. A.-R.
Published: January 2025

Skin syndrome is common in the practice of allergologist-immunologist, and it requires differential diagnosis. One of the rare skin diseases among children is mastocytosis caused by excessive accumulation of mast cells in various organs. Cutaneous Mastocytosis is the most common form in children. The disease onset may occur at any age. The pathognomonic symptom of mastocytosis is positive Darier sign. The presented clinical case demonstrates typical picture of cutaneous mastocytosis.
Modern Possibilities of Usage Dupilumab in Children
Authors: Kosova Anna A. , Fayans Anastasiya V. , Ibaduiiaeva Aishan Е. , Gusev Kirill S. , Nikovaeva Anastaiya N. , Bayburdyan Dayana G. , Kaiinin Dmitriy V. , Ivanova Eieonora Yu. , Korniiova Marina I. , Serobyan Saak G. , Fomina Irina R. , Bukhsaev Ziki Sh.
Published: January 2025

Dupilumab is a genetically engineered immunobiological drug that has been increasingly used in recent years to treat bronchial asthma (BA), atopic dermatitis (AD) and eosinophilic esophagitis (EE) in children. The aim of the study is to analyze current literature data on the use of dupilumab in the treatment of BA, AD and EE in children. Despite the short history of dupilumab use in the pediatric population, its usage has shown promising results in the treatment of many conditions whose pathogenesis is T2 inflammation, primarily BA, AD and EE. It has demonstrated efficacy in patients with various clinical manifestations characterized by moderate to severe course or refractory to treatment, and has led to an improvement in the quality of life of patients. With the expansion of the use of dupilumab, there is more and more evidence of its usefulness in the treatment of other T-cell-mediated diseases.
Genetic and Epigenetic Risk Factors for the Development of Simple Obesity in Children: a Literature Review
Authors: Dzhumagaziev Anvar A. , Bezrukova Dina A. , Shilina Natalia M. , Otto Natalia Yu. , Sosinovskaya Ekaterina V. , Filipchuk A. V.
Published: January 2025

Childhood obesity can be persisted into adulthood with a significant degree of probability. The origins of childhood obesity are multifaceted and continue to be intensively studied. Its massive spread over the past decades is primarily due to a violation of the balance between incoming and outgoing energy. The combination of genetic and epigenetic factors that can influence the formation of obesity is an interesting and developing area of research. A systematic review of the literature for 2013–2023 was conducted using eLibrary and PubMed. It has been found that the increase in the prevalence of childhood obesity in recent decades is associated with changes in human lifestyle, which lead to epigenetic changes in the genome. Decoding the interaction of genes with the environment, along with an individual genotype, will allow personalized prediction of obesity associated with a specific genome, epigenome and lifestyle, and the development of targeted preventive measures starting from the antenatal age.
The Course of Dyskeratosis Congenita Masked by Crohn’s Disease in a Primary School-Age Child: Case Report
Authors: Bessonov Evgeniy E. , Surkov Andrey N. , Arakelyan Anna L. , Getmanov Stanislav D. , Zhurkova Natalia V. , Namazova-Baranova Leyla S.
Published: January 2025

Background. Dyskeratosis congenita (DC) is an extremely rare genetically determined syndrome associated with the formation of bone marrow depression and clinically manifested by abnormal pigmentation of the skin, onychodystrophy, cobble-stone tongue, damage to the gastrointestinal tract, lungs, etc. Pathology may occur under the guise of other, more common diseases, which leads to late verification of the diagnosis and affects the prognosis.

Case report. The boy D., aged 7 years, was hospitalized with complaints of dysphagia, a change in the shape of nails, ulcerative lesions of the tongue, insufficient weight gain, thin stool. Laboratory: decrease in hemoglobin, pancytopenia, low concentration of IgG in blood serum. According to esophagogastroduodenoscopy— esophageal stenosis. Crohn’s disease was suspected, but the condition worsened against the background of anti-TNF therapy. According to the results of full-exome sequencing, a pathogenic variant c.1058C>T (chrX:154001427C>T; NM_001363.3; p.A353V) was detected in the DKC1 gene in a hemizygous state, on the basis of which DC was confirmed.

Conclusion. Practitioners should be wary of DC, since its manifestations can often mimic other, more common pathological conditions, in particular inflammatory bowel diseases. The correct interpretation of the combination of clinical, laboratory and instrumental changes can help to get closer to the correct diagnosis even before receiving the results of a molecular genetic study and determine therapeutic tactics.
The Effectiveness of Using the HandTutor Hand Simulator and Stabilometric Postural Control Using the Biofeedback Tear in Preschool and Primary School Children with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Ashrafova Ulviya Sh. , Mamedyarov Ayaz M. , Karmazina Elena K. , Klochkova Olga A. , Kuprianova Olga S.
Published: January 2025

Background. Currently, mechanotherapy is widely used in the rehabilitation of mainly adult patients and adolescents. The possibilities of using this technique in children of early, preschool and primary school age are limited due to the minimal presence of specialized devices.

The aim of the study is the assessment of the effectiveness of a comprehensive rehabilitation program with the inclusion of a HandTutor hand simulator and stabilometrical postural control using the biofeedback method in preschool and primary school age children suffering from infantile cerebral palsy (ICP).

Materials and methods. 40 children aged 3 to 7 years with motor disorders with a diagnosis of ICP were under observation. The effectiveness of the program was evaluated using scales and hardware measurement data (HandTutor, “Amblyotron”).

Results. According to goniometric changes and data on the Ashworth scale, after rehabilitation, patients demonstrate a greater range of movements than before treatment (p < 0.05). The indicators of the area of the pressure center and its fluctuations have significantly improved in the form of improved stability (p £ 0.01), the pattern of vertical posture, walking and postural control in general.

Conclusion. After treatment, patients showed a marked decrease in the degree of muscle spasticity of the affected limb, an increase in muscle strength, an improvement in fine and large hand motor skills, and manual skills. Thus, the results of the study demonstrate the high effectiveness of biomechanical methods of influence, namely HandTutor and “Amblyotron”, on the motor sphere of patients with severe motor disorders.
Curcumin as a Novel Trend in Adjunctive Therapy for Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Khavkin Anatoly I. , Naiyotov Andrew V.
Published: January 2025

Management of ulcerative colitis remains challenging. The search of new treatment approaches for this disease is constantly continuing. In recent years, the focus was changed to curcumin, active polyphenol found in turmeric roots, that has numerous positive effects on the human body such as anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, and antioxidant features. Curcumin affects several signaling cellular pathways and gut microbiota content. This review summarizes modern data on the curcumin potential use in ulcerative colitis management.
Modern Experience in Pharmacotherapy of Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Children
Authors: Khavkin Anatoly I. , Nikolaychuk Kirill M. , Veremenko Anastasia S. , Levchenko Irina D. , Platonova Polina Ya. , Novikova Maria F. , Tumas Artem S. , Vergunova Ekaterina E. , Lukichev Dmitriy A. , Sergeev Danil A. , Shrayner Evgenia V.
Published: January 2025

This review examines modern approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in children, one of the most common functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. IBS is characterized by chronic abdominal pain, intestinal motility disorders and stool changes, which significantly reduces the quality of life of patients. The article analyzes in detail the pathogenetic mechanisms of IBS, including the role of the gut–brain axis, gut microbiota and neuroendocrine factors. Special attention is paid to the pharmacotherapy of IBS in children, including the use of antidepressants, probiotics and herbal components, as well as the role of correctors of the motor activity of the digestive tract in relieving symptoms. Modern recommendations on the use of various classes of antidepressants are considered, taking into account their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics. The prospects of using probiotics and herbal preparations in the complex therapy of IBS are also analyzed. The data obtained confirm the need for a personalized approach to the treatment of IBS, taking into account the genetic and physiological characteristics of patients.