bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kinematic analysis of new and used reciprocating endodontic motors in 2 different modes
Authors: Irmak Özgür , Orhan Ekim O.
Published: September 2017

Purpose:

The actual reciprocating angles of endodontic motors might differ from the manufacturers’ set values. This study analyzed the effect of clinical usage on the kinematics of reciprocating endodontic motors with 2 different reciprocal modes.

Methods:

1 new and 3 used reciprocating endodontic motors (X-Smart Plus, Dentsply Maillefer) with 2 different reciprocating modes, WaveOne mode (W-mode) or Reciproc mode (R-mode), were analyzed. An angle measurement disc was inserted into a contra-angle. Reciprocating motions were recorded with a high-speed camera at 1,200 fps and analyzed on a computer. The following kinematic parameters were calculated: duration of each reciprocating motion, engaging and disengaging angles, cycle rotational speeds, engaging and disengaging rotational speeds, net cycle angle, total cycle angle, and number of cycles to complete full rotation. One-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test followed by multiple comparison tests were used for statistical analysis (p = 0.05).

Results:

In W-mode, the actual engaging angles of all used and new motors were different from the manufacturer’s set values (p<0.0001), whereas there was no difference between actual engaging angles among the motors (p>0.05). In R-mode, the actual engaging angles of all used and new motors were similar to the manufacturers’ set values (p>0.05). There was no difference between the actual engaging angles among motors (p>0.05). Both the W-mode and R-mode showed statistically different values of actual disengaging angles for all used and new motors when compared with the manufacturers’ set value (p<0.0001).

Conclusions:

This study confirmed that the actual kinematics of reciprocating endodontic motors differ from the manufacturers’ set values. Some kinematic parameters were influenced by the clinical usage of the motors.
Pregnancy Rates after Intrauterine Insemination in Moderate to Severe Endometriosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies
Authors: Van Der Houwen Lisette E.E. , Schreurs Anneke M.F. , Schats Roel , Kaspers Pam , Lambalk Cornells B. , Hompes Peter G.A. , Mijatovic Velja
Published: September 2017

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intrauterine insemination (IUI) in moderate to severe endometriosis patients, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted since the role of this treatment strategy in these patients is a matter of debate in the literature. Systematic searches were performed in PubMed, EMBASE, Cinahl, and The Cochrane Library from inception to September 1, 2016. Studies including moderate to severe endometriosis patients reporting pregnancy rates after IUI were selected. The primary outcome was live birth after IUI treatment compared to expectant management. Secondary noncomparative outcomes were live birth and clinical pregnancy, which were presented as weighed mean pregnancy rates. Nineteen articles (2 unclear design, 11 retrospective, 6 prospective) were included for the analysis. Our primary outcome measure was only addressed by one study, showing an odds ratio of 1.77 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.86–3.63) on live birth favoring IUI versus no treatment. The calculated weighed mean live birth and clinical pregnancy rate per patient was 20.3% (95% CI, 11.2–29.4) and 32.7% (95% CI, 21.3– 44.0), respectively. This meta-analysis of observational data showed that IUI could be a feasible treatment in moderate to severe endometriosis. Whether this treatment should be structurally offered prior to in vitro fertilization needs to be investigated in a randomized, controlled trial, including time-to-pregnancy, safety, and cost-effectiveness.
Experimental Investigation on the Mechanical Behavior of Polyurethane PICCs after Long-Term Conservation in in Vivo-Like Conditions
Authors: Di Puccio Francesca , Gallone Giuseppe , Baù Andrea , Calabrò Emanuele M. , Mainardi Simona , Poli Paolo , Scocca Antonella
Published: September 2017

Introduction

In a previous paper, the authors investigated the mechanical behavior of several commercial polyurethane peripherally inserted central venous catheters (PICCs) in their ‘brand new’ condition. The present study represents a second step of the research activity and aims to investigate possible modifications of the PICC mechanical response, induced by long-term conservation in in vivo-like conditions, particularly when used to introduce oncologic drugs.

Methods

Eight 5 Fr single-lumen catheters from as many different vendors, were examined. Several specimens were cut from each of them and kept in a bath at 37°C for 1, 2, 3 and 6 months. Two fluids were used to simulate in vivo-like conditions, i.e. ethanol and Ringer-lactate solutions, the first being chosen in order to reproduce a typical chemical environment of oncologic drugs. The test plan included swelling analyses, uniaxial tensile tests and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA).

Results and conclusions

All tested samples were chemically and mechanically stable in the studied conditions, as no significant weight variation was observed even after six months of immersion in ethanol solution. Uniaxial tensile tests confirmed such a response. For each PICC, very similar curves were obtained from samples tested after different immersion durations in the two fluid solutions, particularly for strains lower than 10%.
The Therapeutic Approach to Different forms of Cystitis: Impact on Public Health
Authors: Droupy Stéphane
Published: September 2017

Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome, recurrent urinary tract infections and other forms of cystitis signifi-cantly impact the quality of life of patients with chronic bladder disorders and impose a considerable economic burden on health systems. Effective management is essential to provide symptom relief and to reduce the negative impact of chronic bladder disorders. Identifying the appropriate pharmacological or non-pharmacological approach is essential, and there is a growing evidence base for the use of intravesical hyaluronic acid and chon-droitin sulfate in several bladder conditions, including recurrent urinary tract infections.
Historical Changes in Basque Dative Alternations: Evidence for a P-based (neo)derivational analysis
Authors: Ormazabal Javier , Romero Juan
Published: September 2017

The properties and internal chronology of various dative changes in the history of the Lapurdian dialect of Basque are shown to be fully incompatible with the basic tenets of standard non-derivational approaches to dative alternations (both Phave and “Low Applicative projection” types), and support the presence of an underlying P in applicative constructions. A neo-derivational approach based on the incorporation of an adpositional head accounts naturally for important generalizations on the distribution of the changes and conforms to the properties of dative variation crosslinguistically.
Conocimiento de las Estudiantes de UNITEC sobre el Cáncer de Mama y su Detección Temprana Usando la Autoevaluación
Authors: Álvarez C. A. , Castro C. E. , Rodríguez L. N. , Donaire K. D.
Published: September 2017

La incidencia del cáncer de mama puede reducirse con manejo y educación de factores de riesgo y con detección temprana mediante autoexamen. El objetivo era determinar el conocimiento de cáncer de mama y la técnica de detección precoz en las universitarias de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de Unitec. Estudio descriptivo transversal realizado en 2014, encuesta de 13 preguntas a 51 estudiantes en carreras de Medicina (n=36, 71%), Nutrición (n=8, 16%) y Odontología (n=7, 14%), con muestreo al azar y estratificado. El 67% de estudiantes tenía 19 a 21 años. Todas estuvieron de acuerdo en la necesidad de realizarse el autoexamen de mama, pero solo 61% (n=31) se lo había realizado alguna vez. El 70% (n=36) expresó que era sumamente importante hacer el autoexamen, un 12% (n=6) consideró que era de mucha importancia y un 18% (n=9), que era algo importante. El 86% (n=44) describió los elementos mínimos del concepto de cáncer de mama. La frecuencia de autoevaluación fue una anual 29% (n=9), una vez cada 3-11 meses 35% (n=11) y mensual 35% (n=11). Sobre si conocían los pasos del autoexamen, la mayoría contestó que sí (n=36, 70%) pero de este grupo, 8% no pudo describir los pasos específicos para la realización del autoexamen. Siete encuestadas (14%) tenía antecedente familiar de cáncer de mama. Hubo mayor conocimiento del tema en estudiantes de Medicina y fue muy bajo entre estudiantes de Odontología y Nutrición. Aunque todas las encuestadas creían que la autoevaluación era muy importante, pocas tenían conocimiento claro o la practicaban regularmente.
As interações em sala de aula nos terceiros anos do ensino fundamental
Authors: Souza Vera Lucia Trevisan , Luz Ana Flávia Silva
Published: September 2017

A pesquisa ora relatada teve por objetivo investigar as relações entre os alunos e entre os alunos e professoras de classes do 3º ano do ensino fundamental, buscando identificar que tipos de interação favorecem ou não a convivência na escola. A demanda por compreender as interações em sala de aula surge da queixa das professoras de que, já no 3º ano, os alunos pareciam se desinteressar pelos conhecimentos formais, preferindo envolver-se em conversas ou brincadeiras, ainda que investissem em estratégias para chamar-lhes a atenção. Assumindo os pressupostos da Psicologia Histórico-Cultural, que concebe o meio como fonte de desenvolvimento e as interações como produzidas no e pelo social, desenvolvemos uma pesquisaintervenção como forma de aproximação do fenômeno investigado. Ao todo, foram realizados 18 encontros com cada turma, todos registrados em diários de campo e alguns gravados em áudio. Constatamos, como resultado que as interações mediadas pelas tentativas de controle do comportamento das crianças pelas professoras não favoreciam sua participação nas atividades propostas, mas, ao contrário, produziam atitudes que visavam transgredir a regra. De outro lado, quando os alunos percebiam a implicação da pesquisadora e professoras em envolvê-los, atendendo-os, por exemplo, em seus interesses de gênero de histórias e prática de contação, aumentava a participação e o envolvimento com as atividades.
Modos de subjetivação e a fragmentação do saber sobre a criança
Authors: De Barros Juliana Fernanda , Abraão Jorge Luís Ferreira
Published: September 2017

Muito se especula a respeito da criança contemporânea em virtude da sua falta de limites e indisciplina. Alguns autores lançam a hipótese de que esse processo ocorre em decorrência da queda e falência do referencial patriarcal. Entretanto, em vez de atribuirmos as dificuldades e a indisciplina das crianças ao declínio da autoridade parental, podemos pensar na mutação e deslocamento que ela vem sofrendo em virtude da Ciência e do Estado, que passam a legislar como autoridade dentro do meio familiar. Diante do exposto, o presente trabalho visa refletir sobre a posição subjetiva ocupada pela criança na contemporaneidade, considerando a existência de um tempo no qual a criança ocupa o lugar de objeto e o discurso científico que produz a fragmentação de subjetividades.
Fios da Razão: Tradição e Pluralidade na Umbanda em Pontal
Authors: Brant Carvalho Juliana Barros , Bairrão José Francisco Miguel Henriques
Published: September 2017

Neste artigo busca-se compreender a pluralidade da umbanda, uma tradição afro-brasileira, através de um estudo sobre a biografia de uma dirigente e a transmissão de seus saberes. Para tanto, interagiu-se com a comunidade pesquisada em posição de consulente nas cerimônias religiosas de um terreiro da cidade de Pontal, interior de São Paulo. Além disso, foram feitas entrevistas, registros em caderno de campo, fotográficos, de vídeo e de áudio. Encontrou-se que a heterogeneidade e o pluralismo da umbanda, quando examinados numa perspectiva etnopsicológica, evidenciam a insuficiência de algumas categorias acadêmicas que têm sido utilizadas para os compreender: nomeadamente o sincretismo, hibridismo, convergência, conversão e trânsito religioso. A múltipla pertença religiosa, vista como traço da modernidade em oposição ao tradicional, na umbanda parece ser uma condição da sua tradicionalidade, uma vez que a vida social e comunitária é mais determinante que princípios doutrinários em si mesmos.
Eficiência Dos Gastos Municipais Com a Educação Fundamental: Uma Análise Dos Municípios Paulistas No Ano De 2013
Authors: Moraes Vinicius Macedo de , Polizel Mayra Francisco , Crozatti Jaime
Published: September 2017

O propósito deste trabalho é analisar a eficiência dos municípios paulistas em relação aos gastos públicos realizados na Subfunção educação fundamental no ano de 2013 com a técnica da Análise Envoltória de Dados - DEA. Para a seleção dos inputs, realizamos uma ampla revisão bibliográfica de artigos que trataram da temática. A partir deste levantamento, com a técnica de regressão linear identificamos quais insumos apontados pela literatura possuem maior correlação com os resultados do IDEB (indicador utilizado como produto), para os municípios deste estudo. Com isto, os insumos utilizados foram: o gasto médio por aluno, a média de alunos por turma e o inverso da taxa de reprovação. Cabe ressaltar que, tanto os insumos, quanto o output utilizado foram relativos às etapas do ensino Fundamental I e II da rede municipal de ensino. Em nossa análise explorou-se, também, se escores de eficiência são estatisticamente diferentes comparado pelo tamanho da população dos municípios. A principal contribuição do trabalho refere-se à validação dos indicadores utilizados como insumos juntamente com a criação de indicadores de eficiência na educação, reforçando a necessidade de accountability.
Notas sobre a “tutela indígena” no Brasil (legal e real), com toques de particularidades do sul de Mato Grosso do Sul
Authors: Becker Simone , Rocha Taís Cássia Peçanha
Published: September 2017

Neste artigo será analisada a tutela indigenista, observando o seu rastro histórico e a remanescência de sua ideia nas relações entre indígenas e instituições civis e governamentais. Verificar-se-á quando a tutela passa a caracterizar o racismo institucional, na medida em que ela representa entrave ao indígena no alcance de direitos, ainda que a atual Constituição Federal a tenha extinguido, reconhecendo a capacidade civil plena do indígena brasileiro. Suscitam-se indagações sugestivas, tanto dos “indigenismos” em nosso País quanto da capacidade civil do “índio”, além daquelas referentes ao órgão indigenista, a Fundação Nacional do Índio (Funai). Demonstrar-se-á que o preconceito étnico e o racismo institucional caminham lado a lado, o segundo em decorrência do primeiro, num processo de subtração da cidadania indígena. Para tanto, analisar-se-á fato ocorrido no âmbito da Coordenação Regional da Funai em Dourados/MS, em comunidade indígena por ela atendida, referente à emissão de Declaração de Aptidão ao Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar (Pronaf). Sugere-se que a aplicação da tutela pode ser um fator descaracterizante do protagonismo indígena, que o relega aos caminhos burocráticos circulares de negação de responsabilidade, impedindo-o de alcançar a cidadania plena.
A paz rejeitada: uma reflexão sobre dever de memória e esquecimento no acordo de paz colombiano
Authors: Dantas Fabiana Santos
Published: September 2017

O objetivo do presente artigo é refletir sobre o dever de memória como um dos possíveis fatores que levaram à negativa da sociedade colombiana à primeira proposta de acordo de paz entre o governo e as FARC. O resultado do referendo representa apenas o não a uma proposta ou a uma tradicional estratégia de esquecimento que marca as transições latino-americanas? Investigar o processo de negociação de cessação do conflito armado na Colômbia contribuirá para o entendimento dos mecanismos de construção e afirmação dessa memória coletiva traumática, bem como das possibilidades de implementação de uma justiça transicional efetiva. O legado da paz rejeitada poderá, em médio e longo prazo, ser revelado como um importante passo na consolidação da democracia e da paz verdadeira, duradoura e estável para a sociedade colombiana. A metodologia da pesquisa consistiu em pesquisa bibliográfica, realizada por meio da análise de livros, artigos científicos, de revista e de jornal referidos e de pesquisa documental quanto à legislação específica e documentos produzidos pelo governo colombiano.
Editorial
Authors: Editorial Equipe
Published: September 2017

Editorial
The Effect of Daily Stock Price Limits on the Investment Risk: Evidence from the Egyptian Stock Market
Authors: Abdelzaher Mai Ahmed , Elgiziry Khairy
Published: September 2017

The study aims to investigate the relationship between daily price limits and stock volatility, trading volume, delayed adjustment of stock prices, and its fair value. To achieve this goal, we used the data of the listed firms in EGX30. We analyzed the data using descriptive analysis then we applied General linear model, ARCH and GARCH models. Based on our analysis results show a positive relationship between upper daily limit and stock volatility, a positive relationship between daily price limits (upper limit- lower limit) and trading volume, a positive relationship between upper daily limit and the return between the closing price and the opening price on the same day, a positive relationship between lower daily limit and the return between the closing price and the opening price in the next day, a negative relationship between upper daily limit and the return between the closing price and the opening price in the next day, and a positive relationship between daily stock price limits and the fair value.
Aquaponic Integration and Automation – A Critical Evaluation
Authors: Scattini Noel , MAJ Stanislaw Paul
Published: September 2017

Aquaponics is technology developed from the aquaculture industry that integrates intensive farming of fish and utilizes plants (integrates hydroponics) in a continuous closed loop to clean the water for the fish. The plants clean the water of nitrate (waste form is initially ammonia) which has been converted into a form that is not toxic to fish by bacteria and is accessible to plants. Hydroponics technology is a technique used to grow plants and vegetables that does not incorporate soil, but nutrients that are dissolved in water and plants are either floated or treated with a nutrient film delivered to the roots by a variety of processes. These technologies are becoming more popular with communities and governments as the preservation of water becomes more of an issue in environments where water is becoming restricted in supply and has to be supplemented by mechanical means such as desalination, which comes at additional cost to consumers. The technologies have had a great amount of research interest to find parametres and ranges that the systems require to function successfully yet also remain productive with certain crop varieties. The successful diversification of crop varieties could increase the viability of commercial aquaponics, which could be achieved with the use of optimized advanced process control strategies.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Modern Applied Science, Vol. 11, No. 9
Authors: Lee Sunny
Published: September 2017

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Modern Applied Science, Vol. 11, No. 9
Analysis of the Twist Structure in Self-twist Yarn
Authors: Cui Hong , Gao Xiuli , Gao Dawei , Lin Hongqin
Published: September 2017

This paper mainly discussed the twist structure and property difference between in-phase self-twist yarn and phased self-twist yarn. There are three kinds of zones along the yarn: the twist-twist zone, twist-notwist zone and notwist-notwist zone in one cycle length of self-twist yarn. The existence of the phase difference makes the length of the notwist-notwist zone decrease. When the size of the phase difference (value c)is closer to or equal to the length of the zero zone(value b), the minimum length of the notwist-notwist zone will be obtained so that the best properties of self-0twist yarn can be achieved. The result for in-phase and phased self-twist yarn shows that the above conclusion is correct.
Concept Evaluation of Predicting UPF Values for Artificial Cellulose Fabrics by Varying the Optical Brightener Chemical Structure Applied
Authors: Alvarez Joanna , Lipp-Symonowicz Barbara
Published: September 2017

The publication presents investigation results and statistical analysis showing that by varying the chemical structure of optical brighteners from the derivative group of stilbene used for fabrics of artificial cellulose fibre modification, resulting in a different manufacturing process, it is possible to predict the level of the UPF value of the index of such modified fabric. In addition, statistically it was confirmed by results from early research that both the fibre finish (in this case, roughening the pigment TiO2 ) used for fabric manufacture as well as the FBA concentration used for fabric modification influence their UPF index value. Fabric UV -barrier studies also showed that despite a partial decrease in UPF values for such finished fabrics, the dependence of such an index on subtle differences in the chemical structure of the FBAs is maintained. Primarily the possibility and range of improving textile barriers against UV radiation through the use of the UV-absorption abilities of optical brighteners with subtle differences in their chemical structure was recognised, creating a premise to elaborate a mathematical control concept to steer a textile UV-barrier.
Effects of Layer Thickness and Thermal Bonding on Car Seat Cover Development
Authors: Kovačević Stana , Domjanić Jacqueline , Pačavar Samir
Published: September 2017

In this work, composite materials for car seat covers composed of woven fabric + polyurethane foam (PU) + knitted fabric were tested by separation of components of the composite force, which are thermally connected with three different process speeds (30, 34 and 39 m/min) and two thickness PU (2 mm and 4 mm). The thermal bonding of the components into a composite is leading to reduction in thickness and weight of the composite compared to the amount of components before the joining. The force separation decreased as the speed for all samples increased. The smaller thickness of PU had an effect on the larger separation forces of composite components as well as higher abrasion damage. The purpose of this work was to investigate the influence of the thermal bonding speed of the composite components, the effect of PU thickness on the separation force, and abrasion properties.
Textile and Apparel Industry in Armenia: The Former Potential and the Perspectives for Future Development of the Industry
Authors: Greta Marianna , Lewandowski Krzysztof , Mamikonyan Garnik
Published: September 2017

The Armenian textile and apparel industry has showed very sharp ups and downs throughout its history. During the Soviet era, it was a leading branch of Armenian industry and a major supplier for the whole Soviet Union. Since the early 90s, the situation has dramatically changed. Analysis showed that during the transition from centrally planned to a market- -based economy, Armenia’s textile and apparel industry was nearly destroyed. Nowadays the industry, especially the apparel industry, is regarded as one of most promising sectors of the Armenian economy. This potential has also been discovered by Western and Russian institutions and enterprises, which have begun to invest heavily in this sector
Criação de valor compartilhado: um novo olhar sobre as organizações?
Authors: Medeiros Haroldo de Sá , Diógenes Abílio Peixoto , Matos Carolina Maria Furtado , Tassigny Mônica Mota , Assis Odéssia Fernanda Gomes de
Published: September 2017

A Criação de Valor Compartilhado (CSV), criada por Michael E. Porter e Mark R. Kramer, tem sido analisada e difundida nos meios científicos organizacionais como um novo modo de pensar em organizações, distinto ao pensamento moderno tradicional, que amplia e substitui os conceitos comuns à Responsabilidade Social Empresarial (CSR). Portanto, este artigo de natureza teórica, tem por objetivo explorar as origens da CSV para verificar se seu conceito constitui um novo paradigma organizacional em detrimento à concepção moderna e em substituição a CSR. Verifica-se que a CSV não se configura como novo paradigma organizacional, apresentando um conjunto de características constituídas por incrementos de outros arcabouços teóricos originados da sustentabilidade, responsabilidade social empresarial e das estratégias organizacionais.
Reforma Protestante, 500 anos: ensaio de crítica histórica
Authors: Cavalcante Ronaldo
Published: September 2017

Após a Reforma do século XVI, o fenômeno religioso protestante começou a se formar e estava diretamente conectado com a cultura circundante. Nessa formação, buscou primeiramente pautar sua identidade de forma apologética em contraposição ao catolicismo por meio de diatribes, catecismos, declarações e confissões de fé. A luta doutrinária se mesclava com as estratégias políticas com enormes repercussões também na economia e no cotidiano da vida pública e privada. Após a primeira geração, já no século XVII, surgiriam outros desafios e objetivos que ajudaram a forjar um estilo próprio de se vivenciar o cristianismo em diálogo com os novos tempos. A modernidade demandou novos posicionamentos religiosos e éticos. Juntamente com setores progressistas do catolicismo e da sociedade em geral, o ethos protestante participou na fixação de valores que resultaram em conquistas importantes para a gênese das sociedades modernas. As novas possibilidades da teologia protestante, que agora se abria ao diálogo com o mundo das letras e da ciência, produziu um enorme contingente de novos personagens em diversas áreas do conhecimento que foram fundamentais em questões como a nova educação, a superação da escravidão, melhora das condições laborais, ecumenismo etc. O protestantismo, não obstante seus muitos equívocos, tornou-se uma alternativa legítima dentro do cristianismo.
Post-translational thioamidation of methyl-coenzyme M reductase, a key enzyme in methanogenic and methanotrophic Archaea
Authors: Nayak Dipti D , Mahanta Nilkamal , Mitchell Douglas A , Metcalf William W
Published: September 2017

Methyl-coenzyme M reductase (MCR), found in strictly anaerobic methanogenic and methanotrophic archaea, catalyzes the reversible production and consumption of the potent greenhouse gas methane. The α subunit of MCR (McrA) contains several unusual post-translational modifications, including a rare thioamidation of glycine. Based on the presumed function of homologous genes involved in the biosynthesis of thioviridamide, a thioamide-containing natural product, we hypothesized that the archaeal tfuA and ycaO genes would be responsible for post-translational installation of thioglycine into McrA. Mass spectrometric characterization of McrA from the methanogenic archaeon Methanosarcina acetivorans lacking tfuA and/or ycaO revealed the presence of glycine, rather than thioglycine, supporting this hypothesis. Phenotypic characterization of the ∆ycaO-tfuA mutant revealed a severe growth rate defect on substrates with low free energy yields and at elevated temperatures (39°C - 45°C). Our analyses support a role for thioglycine in stabilizing the protein secondary structure near the active site.
A Comparative Study of Transference of Humor in Translations of “The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn” by Mark Twain
Authors: Hossieni Rezvan Barzegar , Mobaraki Mohsen , Rabani Nia Maryam
Published: September 2017

Translation is a difficult and complex task. Some elements such as linguistic and socio-cultural differences in two languages make it difficult to choose an appropriate equivalent; the equivalent which has the same effect in the target language. In the present study, one of the richest sources of the humor and satire is investigated. Humor is completely obvious in “The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn” by Mark Twain. He tried to laugh at social and cultural problems of his time by this novel. Two translations of this book by Hushang Pirnazar and Najaf Daryabandari are investigated. The author tries to investigate on transference of humor from the source language to the target language by a syntactic strategy of Chesterman. By investigating the text, it will be found out that which translator is more successful in recreation of humor by using the strategies.
Essential of Cultural (literature, Art, Music, customs …) Negotiation as a Resources of Smart and soft Power in Age of Globalization
Authors: Khosravishakib Mohammad
Published: September 2017

One imperative form of public negotiation and soft authority is cultural negotiation so that contains of concepts, facts, art and additional facets of culture between people in way to shared understanding. The determination of cultural negotiation is for external country to cultivate a considerate of the population's principles and organizations in determination to shape expansive maintenance for financial and administrative aims. Cultural negotiation could reveal the depth of a public; with the intention of in other opportunity generates encouragement and effects. It can suppose that cultural negotiation flask and does a significant character in accomplishing general security purposes. This cultural diplomacy conventionally has helped to accomplish affairs between positions and other gatherings by instructing and modeling external strategy, so as to eventually organizes and acquires detailed condition and benefits in the global ground. This paper will study the process of cultural cooperation witch has been developed to increase lenient control and take how cultural negotiation has improved to the contemporary world and also encourage greater association within the peoples of other countries.
Morpho-phonological Structure of Sound Feminine Plural Suffix -aat: Revisited
Authors: Mashaqba Bassil , Huneety Anas
Published: September 2017

This work investigates an unusual and intriguing concatenative morphophonological process which occurs in a Jordanian variety as spoken by Ahl Al-Jabal Bedouin, the native dwellers of North East Badia of Jordan. The work shows that the voiceless plosive /t/ undergoes deletion if and only if it is part of the sound feminine plural morpheme -aat. In the pre-pausal position, /t/ deletion is further compensated by the reproduction of the voiceless glottal fricative [h]. Phonologically, the final voiceless plosive /t/, in the sound feminine plural -aat, undergoes debuccalization by which it loses its original place of articulation [alveolar] and moves to the glottis to surface as [guttural] [h]. Glottal closure (glottalization) takes place via a glottal fricative [h] rather than a glottal stop [ʔ]. The results of this paper further prove that the phonological status of sound feminine pluralization in Ahl Al-Jabal dialect is significantly motivated by morphology, an interesting piece of evidence that certain morphological patterns operate in the phonological component, or at least require phonological implications.
The Effect of Using Online Collaborative Tasks on Incidental Vocabulary Learning of Impulsive vs. Reflective Iranian EFL Learners
Authors: Motallebzadeh Khalil , Samadi Farideh
Published: September 2017

Incidental vocabulary learning is one of the most significant sources of learning vocabulary for language learners )Laufer  & Hulstjin, 2001). This study endeavored to investigate the effect of using online collaborative tasks on incidental vocabulary learning of impulsive vs. reflective Iranian EFL learners. To this end, Nelson vocabulary proficiency test was administered to 100 Iranian EFL learners as the homogeneity test and the pretest. Using random sampling procedure, 75 learners were selected as the main participants for this study. Kember, McKay, Sinclair and Wong (2008) reflective thinking questionnaire was administered to these learners, based on which they were distinguished based on their cognitive thinking styles, i.e., impulsivity and reflectivity. The participants were homogenously distributed into 3 main groups (impulsive experimental group, reflective experimental group, and the control group). All participants went through 4 weeks of treatment. Experimental groups were conducted using Telegram software and the control group was conducted in a classroom. The results of t-test after 4 weeks of treatment revealed that reflective learners benefited from online collaborative groups with regard to incidental vocabulary learning. The findings of the study are discussed in light of previous research.
Variation of Linguistic Form of News Titles of Indonesian National Newspapers
Authors: Sabardila Atiqa , Wijana I Dewa Putu , Suhandano -
Published: September 2017

This descriptive-qualitative study aims at describing the linguistic form on news title. Related to data classification, this study uses segmenting immediate constituents technique. This technique is also utilized to separate the elements of the sentence function. The data is combined based on the similarities of their pattern and category. Furthermore, in order to classify the similarity of the meaning on the phrase or clause on title, this study provides the paraphrase and substitutes the constituent position of function in clause to recognize the arrangement. Moreover, in identifying the constituent of omitted clause, the technique is by inserting or expanding the structure of the title. The variation of the linguistic form is also based on whether or not the figurative language of the title appears. The news title is written by considering these several aspects: phonology, lexicon, grammatical, sentence modus, cohesion, and figurative language. Those aspects are intended to fulfill several functions, such as informing, influencing, preserving the social connection between the server and the receiver of the information or delivering the response about a phenomenon. Based on these several aspects, the characteristics of the linguistics of the titles give the practically ease of understanding for those who are learning to write the straight news discourse.
The Comparative Effect of Collaborative Strategic Reading and Content-Based Instruction on EFL Learners' Reading Comprehension
Authors: Nosratinia Mania , Hooshmand Fateh Negin
Published: September 2017

The present study was an attempt to compare the effect of teaching Collaborative Strategic Reading (CSR) and Content-Based Instruction (CBI) on the reading comprehension of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners. To fullfill this objective, a group of 90 intermediate female EFL learners, within the age range of 17 to 19, took a piloted sample of the PET as a pre-treatment proficiency test. Sixty of them were selected as homogeneous learners and were randomly divided into two experimental groups of CSR and CBI. The CSR group receieved CSR strategy training based on Klingner, Vaughan, and Schumm's model (2001), while the CBI group receieved CBI-based strategy training, using Tsai and Shang's (2010) model. At the end of the training, another piloted PET reading test was administered  as the posttest. The pre-treatment reading scores were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test whose results confirmed the pre-treatment homogeneity of the participants. The post-treatment scores were also analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test whose results indicated no significant difference in the reading posttest levels of CBI and CSR groups, U = 423.5, z = -.401, p = .688, r = -.0517. The article concludes with a discussion on the results and presenting some implications.
The Metalinguistic and Linguistic Knowledge Tests and Their Relationship between Non-native In-service and Pre-service Teachers
Authors: Ahangari Saeideh , Abdi Morteza
Published: September 2017

Fairly recently, the construct of metalinguistic knowledge and its relation to L2 learners’ language proficiency have been the focus of numerous theoreticians, researchers, and the educators in the field. With respect to second language teachers assessment, however, little attempt has been made to explore the metalinguistic knowledge and its relationship between serving and non-serving teachers. The current study, accordingly, was designed to investigate whether there is a relationship between non-native in-service and pre-service teachers performing the metalinguistic and linguistic knowledge tests and if there is a difference between the two groups of teachers’ performance on these two tests. To collect the data on the two constructs of linguistic and metalinguistic knowledge, 80 non-native teachers performed on the Cloze Test and untimed Grammaticality Judgment Test from an English language institute. Following a range of statistical analyses, the findings revealed no positive correlation between the Linguistic and Metalinguistic tests both in the in-service and pre-service teachers of English language. It was also found that the two groups of teachers did not differ significantly with respect to their performance on the Linguistic test while the in-service teachers outperformed their counterpart in the Metalinguistic knowledge test.
The Effectiveness of Teaching Critical Thinking Skills through Literature in EFL Context: A Case Study in Spain
Authors: Stefanova Svetlana , Bobkina Jelena , Sánchez-Verdejo Pérez Francisco Javier
Published: September 2017

The present study investigates the effectiveness of teaching critical thinking skills through literary texts in the EFL classroom, based on the combination of reader-centered critical reading and critical literacy pedagogy. Our proposal seeks to address both language teaching and literacy education from a transnational perspective by dealing with critical thinking skills as a set of processes whose main aspects include the interpretation of the world, self-reflection, intercultural awareness, critical awareness, problem-solving, and language use. For the purpose of this study, a series of activities based on Caryl Phillips’s novel The Lost Child (2015) have been designed, following the four curricular components of Multiliteracies pedagogy (Kalantzis & Cope, 2000). Conducted in an EFL classroom in Spain, the study aims to validate the model of teaching critical skills built on working with current social issues, such as immigration, discrimination, and bullying. To evaluate the effectiveness of the model, teacher assessment and self-assessment questionnaires have been completed by the teacher and the students, respectively. A close analysis of the results reveals that both students and their teacher perceive the model as highly effective, in particular, in terms of self-reflection. Additionally, intrinsically motivating activities and frequent opportunities to discuss literary texts and relate them to current issues have proved to be highly beneficial for the students, providing them with a broader perspective that helps them interpret real-world problems properly. The assessment grid has proved effective, although for a wider application of the grid, the descriptors might have to be adapted to the students’ age.
The Effects of Using Podcast on Listening Comprehension among Iranian Pre-intermediate EFL Learners
Authors: NamazianDost Islam , Bohloulzadeh Ghassem , Rahmatollahi Rezvan
Published: September 2017

The purpose of the present study was to explore the effects of using podcast on listening comprehension among Iranian pre-intermediate EFL learners. To fulfill the objectives of the study a Homogeneity test (Oxford Quick Placement Test) was administered among 90 students at the pre-intermediate level of Poyesh language Institute and finally 60 participants were selected. Then, they were non-randomly divided into two sub­groups, namely control and experimental groups.  Before starting the treatment, a validated teacher-made listening comprehension test was administered to students as pre-test to assess the participants' listening comprehension at the beginning of the course. Then, the experimental group received the treatment, which was teaching listening comprehension through using podcasts while the control group was taught using traditional methods of teaching listening with no multimedia source. After 20 sessions of treatment, the two groups were administered the same teacher-made listening test as post-test. Data were analyzed by Paired and Independent Samples t-­test. The findings showed that the experimental group significantly performed better than the control group. Generally, the experimental groups outperformed the control groups. The results suggest that podcasts can be used in English classes to develop listening ability among Iranian EFL learners.
TESL Trainee Practitioners’ Self Perception of their Personality Traits and Verbal Communication Skills
Authors: Abdul Sitra Abdul Rashid , Nadzimah Abdullah Ain
Published: September 2017

The teaching and learning of English as a second language involve many different skills. This study investigates the relationship between Teaching English as a Second Language (TESL) trainee practitioners’ (TPs) personality traits and their verbal communication skills. The personality traits investigated are the Big Five, while the verbal communication skills investigated include interpersonal skills, verbal-linguistic skills, motivation, altruism, and self-regulation. This study involved 277 TESL TPs from four different teacher training institutes in Malaysia. This quantitative study used  questionnaires to investigate both the variables. The findings show that out of the Big Five personality traits, only openness showed positive relationship to verbal communication. This trait deserves greater attention if students are to maximise the use of effective communication skills. This study profiles personality traits to examine the relationship of each trait in relation to communication skills. The findings of this study would be significant for the Higher Education Ministry of Malaysia and education regulators, apart from the teaching community.
The influence of fundamental frequency on perceived duration in spectrally comparable sounds
Authors: Dawson Caitlin , Aalto Daniel , Simko Juraj , Vainio Martti
Published: September 2017

The perceived duration of a sound is affected by its fundamental frequency and intensity: higher sounds are judged to be longer, as are sounds with greater intensity. Since increasing intensity lengthens the perceived duration of the auditory object, and increasing the fundamental frequency increases the sound’s perceived loudness (up to ca. 3 kHz), frequency modulation of duration could be potentially explained by a confounding effect where the primary cause of the modulation would be variations in intensity. Here, a series of experiments are described that were designed to disentangle the contributions of fundamental frequency, intensity, and duration to perceived loudness and duration. In two forced-choice tasks, participants judged duration and intensity differences between two sounds varying simultaneously in intensity, fundamental frequency, fundamental frequency gliding range, and duration. The results suggest that fundamental frequency and intensity each have an impact on duration judgments, while frequency gliding range did not influence the present results. We also demonstrate that the modulation of perceived duration by sound fundamental frequency cannot be fully explained by the confounding relationship between frequency and intensity.
Student pharmacists' social distancing toward people with mental illness
Authors: Seaton Victoria , Piel Michelle
Published: September 2017

Introduction:

Findings from previous studies indicated patients with mental illness feel pharmacists do not provide appropriate care. In addition, many patients with mental illness report not having a strong relationship with their pharmacist. The objective of this study was to determine the level of social distance of student pharmacists toward patients with mental illness.

Methods:

Student pharmacists completed an anonymous survey. Data were collected using the Bogardus Social Distance Scale (SDS). Level and correlates of social distancing were examined.

Results:

Incomplete surveys were excluded, resulting in 334 completed surveys. A total of 276 students (83%) had an SDS score ≥14, indicating social distancing. There was no statistical difference noted in social distancing between students and year of training (P = .482). The greatest social distancing was in relation to trusting someone with mental illness to “care for their child,” where less than 1 in 5 students (17%) were willing to do this. Most students (88%) were willing to work or be neighbors with someone with mental illness, indicating less social distancing in these domains. Regression analysis indicated a significant change in sum score with knowing someone or having a first-degree relative with mental illness.

Discussion:

Results indicate social distancing is prominent among pharmacy students. Results may be used in the future to help identify solutions for improving social distancing and increasing pharmacy student interaction to patients with mental illness. Further training related to mental illness may assist with decreasing social distancing among pharmacy students.
Review of cariprazine in management of psychiatric illness
Authors: Campbell Rebecca H. , Diduch Michael , Gardner Kristen N. , Thomas Christopher
Published: September 2017

Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are severe and debilitating psychiatric disorders. Despite the availability of numerous antipsychotic drugs, many patients still experience poor outcomes and treatment-limiting adverse side effects. Cariprazine is a novel antipsychotic with unique pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties. It is both a dopamine type 2 and dopamine type 3 partial agonist with 2 equipotent metabolites, desmethyl cariprazine and didesmethyl cariprazine, of which didesmethyl cariprazine has a half-life of 1 to 3 weeks. The objective of this article is to review the literature regarding efficacy and tolerability of cariprazine in the management of psychiatric disorders to determine its current place in therapy.
Transcription factor retention on mitotic chromosomes: regulatory mechanisms and impact on cell fate decisions
Authors: Raccaud Mahé , Suter David M.
Published: September 2017

During mitosis, gene transcription stops, and the bulk of DNA‐binding proteins are excluded from condensed chromosomes. While most gene‐specific transcription factors are largely evicted from mitotic chromosomes, a subset remains bound to specific and non‐specific DNA sites. Here, we review the current knowledge on the mechanisms leading to the retention of a subset of transcription factors on mitotic chromosomes and discuss the implications in gene expression regulation and their potential as an epigenetic mechanism controlling stem cell self‐renewal and differentiation.
Characterization of a polypeptide‐binding site in the DEAD Motor of the SecA ATPase
Authors: Khalili Yazdi Aliakbar , Namjoshi Sarita , Hackett Jesse , Ghonaim Nour , Shilton Brian H.
Published: September 2017

We coupled peptides from a CNBr digest of signal‐sequenceless maltose‐binding protein (MBP) to a surface plasmon resonance chip. SecA‐N95, SecA‐N68, and SecA‐DM (which consists of only the DEAD Motor domains NBD1 and NBD2) bound to the immobilized peptides; ADP weakened the binding. SecA‐DM, which lacks the ‘preprotein cross‐linking domain’ (PPXD), displayed the most extensive binding, while an MBP‐PPXD chimera showed no binding, demonstrating that the PPXD does not contribute to the binding. We characterized the sequence specificity using oriented peptide libraries; these results enabled synthesis of a 20‐residue peptide that was used to recapitulate the results obtained with MBP‐derived peptides. This study shows that there is a promiscuous and nucleotide‐modulated peptide‐binding site in the DEAD Motor domains of SecA.