bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coccolithophorid algae culture in closed photobioreactors
Authors: Moheimani Navid R. , Isdepsky Andreas , Lisec Jan , Raes Eric , Borowitzka Michael A.
Published: April 2011

The feasibility of growth, calcium carbonate and lipid production of the coccolithophorid algae (Prymnesiophyceae), Pleurochrysis carterae, Emiliania huxleyi, and Gephyrocapsa oceanica, was investigated in plate, carboy, airlift, and tubular photobioreactors. The plate photobioreactor was the most promising closed cultivation system. All species could be grown in the carboy photobioreactor. However, P. carterae was the only species which grew in an airlift photobioreactor. Despite several attempts to grow these coccolithophorid species in the tubular photobioreactor (Biocoil), including modification of the airlift and sparger design, no net growth could be achieved. The shear produced by turbulence and bubble effects are the most likely reasons for this failure to grow in the Biocoil. The highest total dry weight, lipid and calcium carbonate productivities achieved by P. carterae in the plate photobioreactors were 0.54, 0.12, and 0.06 g L−1 day−1 respectively. Irrespective of the type of photobioreactor, the productivities were P. carterae > E. huxleyi > G. oceanica. Pleurochrysis carterae lipid (20–25% of dry weight) and calcium carbonate (11–12% of dry weight) contents were also the highest of all species tested. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011;108:2078–2087. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Aryl Fluoride Reductive Elimination from PdII Complexes: a Descriptor to Guide Ligand Selection
Authors: Cui Luchao , Saeys Mark
Published: April 2011

The effect of ligand selection on the reductive elimination barrier of PdII aryl fluoride complexes was analyzed by using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. A separate Evans–Polanyi relationship between the activation barriers and the reaction energies is found for CF reductive elimination from monodentate and bis(monodentate) PdII complexes. For comparable reaction energies, the reductive elimination barriers for monodentate complexes [LPd(Ar)F] (L=PR3, Ar=aryl) were calculated to be 80 kJ mol−1 lower than for bis(monodentate) complexes [L2Pd(Ar)F]. Natural population analysis demonstrated that the partial charges on the Pd center and on the aryl α‐carbon can be used as a descriptor for the reductive elimination barriers. The presence of a trans phosphine ligand in bis(monodentate) complexes increases the PdC charge density and hence increases the CF reductive elimination barrier. The importance of the PdC charge density can be understood by performing a natural bond orbital analysis. Indeed, CF reductive elimination is best described as the nucleophilic attack of one of the fluorine lone pairs on the antibonding PdC orbital, and the energy difference between this fluorine lone pair and the antibonding PdC orbital determines the rate of this nucleophilic attack.
Interfacing Colloidal Graphene Oxide Sheets with Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Bei Fengli , Hou Xueliang , Chang Shery L. Y. , Simon George P. , Li Dan
Published: April 2011

Aqueous solutions of graphene oxide (GO) and citrate‐stabilised gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are two classic, negatively charged colloids. Using the surface plasmon resonance spectra of AuNPs as a probe, we illustrate how the two like‐charged colloids interact with each other and in so doing, reveal the unique solution behaviour of GO. We demonstrate that the electrical double layer of the GO sheets in water plays a key role in controlling the interaction between GO and AuNPs, which displays a one‐way gate effect. It is shown that GO can capture and disperse AuNPs in water in a controllable fashion, without the need for additional chemical linkers. This discovery allows the successful synthesis of uncapped, yet solution‐dispersible metal‐nanoparticle assemblies. Such metal nanostructures have long been pursued for nano‐plasmonics and sensing applications, but have remained difficult to prepare using conventional polymer dispersants. This work also makes clear that the combination of the two‐dimensional conformation of GO along with its large molecular size and self‐contained functional groups allows it to act as a unique soluble nanocarrier/substrate (the thinnest, functionalised flat substrate possible in nature) for the synthesis of new, soluble functional materials.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal and Electronic Structures of CaAl2Si2‐Type Rare‐Earth Copper Zinc Phosphides LnCuZnP2 (Ln: Pr, Nd, Gd—Tm, Lu).
Authors: Blanchard Peter E. R. , Stoyko Stanislav S. , Cavell Ronald G. , Mar Arthur
Published: April 2011

The title compounds are prepared from stoichiometric mixtures of the elements (900 °C, 7 d) and characterized by powder XRD, XPS, magnetic measurements, and TB‐LMTO band structure calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: The Crystal Structure of π‐ErBO3: New Single‐Crystal Data for an Old Problem.
Authors: Pitscheider Almut , Kaindl Reinhard , Oeckler Oliver , Huppertz Hubert
Published: April 2011

Single crystals of the title compound are prepared from a 1:1 mixture of Er2O3 and B2O3 in a Walker‐type multianvil apparatus (2 GPa, 800 °C, 20 min).
ChemInform Abstract: Thermoelectric Properties of Cu1‐xPtxFeO2 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.05) Delafossite‐Type Transition Oxide.
Authors: Ruttanapun Chesta , Wichainchai Aree , Prachamon Wutthisak , Yangthaisong Anucha , Charoenphakdee Anek , Seetawan Tosawat
Published: April 2011

The title compounds are prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of CuO, Fe2O3, and PtCl2 (1050 °C, 15—25 h) and characterized by powder XRD, SEM, and thermoelectric measurements between 300 and 960 K.
ChemInform Abstract: Heat Capacity, Enthalpy and Entropy of Ternary Bismuth Tantalum Oxides
Authors: Leitner J. , Jakes V. , Sofer Z. , Sedmidubsky D. , Ruzicka K. , Svoboda P.
Published: April 2011

Bi4Ta2O11, Bi7Ta3O18, and Bi3TaO7
ChemInform Abstract: Heterolytic Dissociation of Water Demonstrated by Crystal‐to‐Crystal Core Interconversion from (μ‐Oxo)divanadium to Bis(μ‐hydroxo)divanadium Substituted Polyoxometalates.
Authors: Uehara Kazuhiro , Mizuno Noritaka
Published: April 2011

A single crystal of (NBu4)4 [γ‐SiV2W10O39] (I) is prepared from (NBu4)4 [γ‐H2SiV2W10O40] (II) with excess PhNCO in 1,2‐dichloroethane under Ar at room temperature for 2 d (58% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Gadolinium Ytterbium Trifluoride, Gd0.81Yb0.19F3.
Authors: Vasyliev Valentyn , Villora Encarnacion G. , Nakamura Masaru , Sato Akira , Shimamura Kiyoshi
Published: April 2011

A single crystal of the new title compound is grown by the Czochralski method from a mixture of GdF3 and YbF3 with a nominal composition of Gd0.7Yb0.3F3 (Pt crucible, high‐purity CF4 atmosphere).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of a Cubic Iron Hydroxy Boracite.
Authors: Neumair Stephanie C. , Knyrim Johanna S. , Oeckler Oliver , Kaindl Reinhard , Huppertz Hubert
Published: April 2011

Fe3B7O13OH·1.5H2O is synthesized by high‐temperature, high‐pressure reaction of Fe2O3 and B2O3 (modified Walker‐type multianvil apparatus, 3 GPa, 960 °C, 5 min).
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Planar Chiral N‐Oxides and Their Use in Lewis Base Catalysis.
Authors: Fulton J. Robin , Glover Jean E. , Kamara Lamin , Rowlands Gareth J.
Published: April 2011

A new protocol for the preparation of planar chiral pyridines and pyridine N‐oxides in two steps from [2.2]paracyclophane and the application of these N‐oxides in the Lewis base catalyzed allylation of benzaldehyde are presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Ionic Liquid Brush as a Highly Efficient and Reusable Catalyst for On‐Water Nucleophilic Substitutions.
Authors: Li Jing , Cao Jing‐jing , Wei Jun‐fa , Shi Xian‐ying , Zhang Li‐hui , Feng Jin‐juan , Chen Zhan‐guo
Published: April 2011

A silica‐supported multilayer ionic liquid bearing two or more imidazolium ions, called ionic liquid brush, is successfully applied as catalyst in a “real” on‐water nucleophilic substitution of alkyl halides with sodium azide or sodium thiocyanate.
ChemInform Abstract: FeCl3‐Catalyzed Addition of Nitrogen and 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Nucleophiles to Olefins.
Authors: Campagne Jean‐Marc , et al. et al.
Published: April 2011

The green and inexpensive FeCl3 is able to promote addition of nitrogen and 1,3‐dicarbonyl nucleophiles to vinyl arenes, enol ethers, and diverse dienes.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydrogenation of Ketones.
Authors: Junge Katrin , Wendt Bianca , Addis Daniele , Zhou Shaolin , Das Shoubhik , Fleischer Steffen , Beller Matthias
Published: April 2011

The combination of copper acetate and a chiral monodentate ligand is used for the enantioselective hydrogenation of various carbonyl compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Improved Cope‐Type Hydroamination Reactivity of Hydrazine Derivatives.
Authors: Loiseau Francis , Clavette Christian , Raymond Michael , Roveda Jean‐Gregoire , Burrell Alishya , Beauchemin Andre M.
Published: April 2011

A systematic investigation on the metal‐free, Cope‐type hydroamination reactivity of hydrazides and related compounds is presented, showing its generality.
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Ligand‐Free Alkylation of Amines, Carboxamides, Sulfonamides, and Ketones by Using Alcohols Catalyzed by Heterogeneous Ag/Mo Oxides.
Authors: Cui Xinjiang , Zhang Yan , Shi Feng , Deng Youquan
Published: April 2011

The C—N or C—C bond formation reactions (48 examples) are catalyzed by an Ag/Mo hybrid material with the specific Ag6Mo10O33 crystal structure.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver‐Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling of Terminal Aromatic Alkynes and Benzylic Ethers.
Authors: Correia Camille A. , Li Chao‐Jun
Published: April 2011

Terminal aromatic alkynes and benzylic ethers react in a Ag‐catalyzed cross‐dehydrogenative‐coupling employing DDQ as the oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: A Stereoselective and Practical Synthesis of (E)‐α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones from Aldehydes.
Authors: Balducci Evita , Attolino Emanuele , Taddei Maurizio
Published: April 2011

Verley—Doebner—Knoevenagel reaction of β‐keto acids with aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes proceeds smoothly in the presence of β‐alanine and molecular sieves to give α,β‐unsaturated ketones with excellent E‐selectivity in moderate to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Arylpropiolic Acids and Investigations Towards the Formation of Vinyl Chlorides by HCl Addition During Esterification Reactions.
Authors: Hapke Marko , Kral Karolin , Spannenberg Anke
Published: April 2011

Attempted esterification of aryl propiolic acids of type (I) via formation of the corresponding acid chlorides with SOCl2 is investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium Hydroxide Catalyzed Isomerization of Primary Allylic Alcohols to Aldehydes: Application to the Formal Synthesis of (—)‐Brevisamide.
Authors: Sabitha Gowravaram , Nayak Sambit , Bhikshapathi M. , Yadav J. S.
Published: April 2011

The hydrogen preactivation of the palladium catalyst is crucial for the reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Isomerization of Vinylidenecyclopropanes to Dimethylenecyclopropanes and Broensted Acid‐Catalyzed Further Transformation.
Authors: Lu Bei‐Li , Shi Min
Published: April 2011

Oxidative isomerization of vinylidenecyclopropanes (I) and (VIII) proceeds smoothly in the system NMO—TPAP to give bis(methylene)cyclopropane derivatives (II)/(III) and (IX)/(X), resp., in good yields and Z‐selectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone—Bromine Complex: Mild and Efficient Polymeric Reagent for Bromination of Activated Aromatic Compounds.
Authors: Mokhtary Masoud , Lakouraj Moslem M.
Published: April 2011

The reaction proceeds smoothly with phenols and N,N‐dialkylated anilines to give the corresponding monobrominated products in good yields [12 examples].
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Application of Chiral N,N′‐Dialkylated Cyclohexanediamine for Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Aryl Ketones.
Authors: Ma Meng Lin , Ren Chuan Hong , Lv Ya Jing , Chen Hua , Li Xian Jun
Published: April 2011

A novel BINAP‐derived Ru‐complex efficiently catalyzes the reduction of aryl ketones to the corresponding alcohols with up to 99% ee.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic CuFe2O4 Nanoparticles as an Efficient Catalyst for C—O Cross‐Coupling of Phenols with Aryl Halides.
Authors: Zhang Rongzhao , Liu Jianming , Wang Shoufeng , Niu Jianzhong , Xia Chungu , Sun Wei
Published: April 2011

Best results are achieved with iodides whereby, substrates with electron‐withdrawing groups like the nitro derivative (Ib) give the desired products even in the absence of the catalyst system.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Copper‐Catalyzed Carbon—Sulfur Bond Formation Protocol in Water.
Authors: Ke Fang , Qu Yanyang , Jiang Zhaoqiong , Li Zhengkai , Wu Di , Zhou Xiangge
Published: April 2011

A variety of aryl bromides or iodides is converted to symmetrical diaryl sulfides in the reaction with potassium thiocyanate, generally with higher yields starting from aryl iodides.
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly para‐Selective Copper(II)‐Catalyzed Direct Arylation of Aniline and Phenol Derivatives.
Authors: Ciana Claire‐Lise , Phipps Robert J. , Brandt Jochen R. , Meyer Falco‐Magnus , Gaunt Matthew J.
Published: April 2011

A variety of biaryls is prepared by a Friedel—Crafts‐type strategy employing symmetrical or unsymmetrical diaryliodonium salts.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient and Efficient Synthesis of Naphthazarin.
Authors: Peng Ying , Zhou Wen , Zhang Min , Wang Cheng‐Dong , Chen Qian , Jiang Sheng‐Jie , Li Shao‐Shun
Published: April 2011

The title compound (VI), an important intermediate in drug development, is synthesized via an easy four‐step procedure with an overall yield of 87% starting from tetramethoxynaphthalene (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Conventional and Microwave Assisted Synthesis of 2‐Oxo‐4‐Substituted Aryl‐Azetidine Derivatives of Benzotriazole: A New Class of Biological Compounds.
Authors: Dubey Adesh , Srivastava S. K. , Srivastava S. D.
Published: April 2011

All synthesized compounds are screened for their antitubercular and antimicrobial activities as well as for their cytotoxicity.
ChemInform Abstract: A Two Step Route to Indoles from Haloarenes — A Versatile Variation on the Fischer Indole Synthesis.
Authors: Inman Martyn , Moody Christopher J.
Published: April 2011

The halogen‐magnesium exchange of aryl iodides (I) and (VIII) followed by reaction of resulting Grignard reagents with azodicarboxylate (II) leads to Boc‐protected aryl hydrazines which reacts easily with ketones under acidic conditions to afford desired indoles (V) and (X), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Neospiroenones. Synthesis of 10,11‐Dimethoxy‐1,6,6‐trimethyl‐5,6,8,12b‐tetrahydrobenzo [d,f]indol‐4(3H)‐one and 10,11‐Dimethoxy‐6,6‐dimethyl‐1,5,6,12b‐tetrahydrobenzo [d,f]indol‐2(8H)‐one.
Authors: Shklyaev Yu. V. , El'tsov M. A. , Rozhkova Yu. S. , Kharitonova A. V. , Mayorova O. A.
Published: April 2011

The three‐component condensation of anisoles, isobutyraldehyde and arylacetonitriles is studied and mechanistic aspects are discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: A Direct, Regioselective Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of N‐Substituted Benzimidazoles and Imidazopyridines.
Authors: Alonso Jorge , Halland Nis , Nazare Marc , R'kyek Omar , Urmann Matthias , Lindenschmidt Andreas
Published: April 2011

A sequential Pd‐catalyzed amidation—Fe‐mediated reductive aminocyclization of o‐chloronitro(het)arenes with aromatic or aliphatic amides provides an efficient access towards benzimidazole derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of Di‐ and Trisubstituted 2‐Aryloxazoles via Ytterbium(III) Triflate Catalyzed Cyclization of Tertiary Propargylic Alcohols with Aryl Amides.
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxiang , Teo Wan Teng , Chan Philip Wai Hong
Published: April 2011

In contrast, the reaction with alkyl amides and urea does not yield oxazole derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel 2,4‐Disubstituted‐1,3‐thiazoles as Anti‐Candida spp. Agents.
Authors: Chimenti Franco , Bizzarri Bruna , Bolasco Adriana , Secci Daniela , Chimenti Paola , Granese Arianna , Carradori Simone , D'Ascenzio Melissa , Lilli Daniela , Rivanera Daniela
Published: April 2011

The most promising derivatives in terms of potent broad‐spectrum anti‐Candida spp.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Bis‐[2‐imino‐3‐[5‐(3‐methylbenzo [b]furan‐7‐yl)‐1,3,4‐thiadiazol‐2‐yl] ‐5‐(arylidene)‐1,3‐thiazolan‐4‐one]methanes.
Authors: Reddy Ch. Sanjeeva , Rao D. Chandrashekar , Yakub V. , Nagaraj A.
Published: April 2011

Bis‐salicylic acid is used in the synthesis of some bis‐thiadiazolyl‐thiazolan‐4‐one derivatives (XI) (10 examples).
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery of a Series of Potent Arylthiadiazole H3 Antagonists.
Authors: Xiao Dong , et al. et al.
Published: April 2011

Arylthiadiazole derivatives (V), (VII), and (VIII) are synthesized under Suzuki or Negishi conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Polystyrene‐Supported Aluminum Chloride: An Efficient and Recyclable Green Catalyst for One‐Pot Synthesis of 14‐Aryl or Alkyl‐14H‐dibenzo[a,j]xanthenes.
Authors: Rahmatpour Ali , Aalaie Jamal
Published: April 2011

The polymeric solid acid catalyst is reusable at least five times with negligible loss in its activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Heterocyclic Ketene Aminals with Acrylonitrile: An Efficient Synthesis of Dihydropyridine‐Fused 1,3‐Diazaheterocycles.
Authors: Zhao Hui , Zeng Ai‐Qun , Liao Wei‐Lin , Jia Yue‐Mei , Wang Li‐Ben , Huang Zhi‐Tang , Yu Chu‐Yi
Published: April 2011

A simple method for the synthesis of dihydropyridine‐fused 1,3‐diazaheterocycles based on the reaction of heterocyclic ketene aminals with acrylonitrile and subsequent intramolecular cyclization of the addition products (III) is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Synthesis of Fluorine‐Containing 1,7‐Phenanthrolines by the Cyclization of N‐Propargyl‐6,8‐bis(trifluoroacetyl)quinolin‐5‐amine with Various Active Methylene Compounds.
Authors: Shibata Dai , Sakai Ayaka , Hatakenaka Mizuki , Saikawa Shohei , Kamitori Yasuhiro , Medebielle Maurice , Okada Etsuji
Published: April 2011

A facile and convenient method for the title synthesis is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of Cinnoline Derivatives by a Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Hydroarylation of N‐Propargyl‐N′‐arylhydrazines
Authors: Jurberg Igor Dias , Gagosz Fabien
Published: April 2011

as a new, rapid, and efficient method to prepare a wide range of title compounds
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Selected Properties of N‐Substituted Pyrrolo[2,1‐c]‐1,3‐diazacycloalkano[1,2‐a]pyrazinones.
Authors: Mokrov G. V. , Likhosherstov A. M. , Lezina V. P. , Gudasheva T. A. , Bushmarinov I. S. , Antipin M. Yu.
Published: April 2011

Derivatives (V), (VIII) and (X) of a previously unknown heterocyclic system are synthesized and the reduction behavior of compounds, e.g. (Va), is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclization of Ethyl endo‐5‐Norbornene‐2‐carboxylate with Hetarene Sulfenyl Chlorides.
Authors: Osmanov V. K. , Borisova G. N. , Kachala V. V. , Borisov A. V.
Published: April 2011

Conversion of endo‐5‐norbornene‐2‐carboxylate (I) with sulfenyl chlorides (II) and (V), respectively follows two directions depending on the reaction medium and reactant.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Recognition Concept Using Dye Sensitized Solar Cell Configuration.
Authors: Chen Dong‐Yi , Cheng Kum‐Yi , Ho Mei‐Lin , Wu I‐Che , Chung Min‐Wen , Fu Hungshin , Chou Pi‐Tai
Published: April 2011

Bifunctional compound (VI) is synthesized for an alternative application of DSSC toward metal recognition.
ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐ and Stereoselective Copper‐Catalyzed β‐Borylation of Allenoates by a Preactivated Diboron.
Authors: Thorpe Steven B. , Guo Xi , Santos Webster L.
Published: April 2011

Mild and efficient copper‐catalyzed borylation of electron‐deficient allenoates (I) using the sp2‐sp3 mixed hybridized diboron compound (II) regioselectively installs a boron moiety on the β‐position with complete stereocontrol.
ChemInform Abstract: Dicationic Ionic Liquids as Recyclable Catalysts for One‐Pot Solvent‐Free Synthesis of α‐Aminophosphonates.
Authors: Fang Dong , Yang Jinming , Ni Chunjie
Published: April 2011

Dicationic ionic liquids, e.g. DIL, are prepared and applied as acidic catalysts in a facile three‐component, one‐pot synthesis of α‐aminophosphonates (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of α‐Hydroxybenzylphosphonates and ‐benzylphosphine Oxides.
Authors: Keglevich Gyoergy , Toth Viola Roza , Drahos Laszo
Published: April 2011

A considerable decrease in reaction time is observed in the presence of higher amounts of sodium carbonate.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Aminomethylenebisphosphonates and Bisphosphonic Acids, Containing Adamantyl Fragment.
Authors: Minaeva Lidiya I. , Patrikeeva Ludmila S. , Kabachnik Maria M. , Beletskaya Irina P. , Orlinson Boris S. , Novakov Ivan A.
Published: April 2011

A microwave‐assisted three‐component, one‐pot synthesis of title compounds (IV) and (VI) is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4,5‐Dihydroimidazo[5,1‐c][1,4,2]benzodiazaphosphinines.
Authors: Zarudnitskii Evgeniy V. , Kyrylchuk Andrey A. , Huryeva Anastasiia N. , Kostyuk Aleksandr N. , Yurchenko Aleksandr A.
Published: April 2011

A novel phosphorus‐containing heterocyclic system is prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: NbCl5: An Efficient Catalyst for One‐Pot Synthesis of α‐Aminophosphonates under Solvent‐Free Conditions
Authors: Hou Jun‐Tao , Gao Jian‐Wu , Zhang Zhan‐Hui
Published: April 2011

35 examples
ChemInform Abstract: Briaviodiol A, a New Cembranoid from a Soft Coral Briareum Violacea.
Authors: Chang Yu‐Chia , Huang I‐Chu , Chiang Michael Yen‐Nan , Hwang Tsong‐Long , Kung Ting‐Hsuan , Lin Chan‐Shing , Sheu Jyh‐Horng , Sung Ping‐Jyun
Published: April 2011

The new cembrane diterpenoid briaviodiol A (I) is isolated from the soft coral Briareum violacea.
ChemInform Abstract: Schinarisanlactone A, a New Bisnortriterpenoid from Schisandra arisanensis.
Authors: Lin Yu‐Chi , Lo I‐Wen , Chen Shun‐Ying , Lin Pi‐Han , Chien Ching‐Te , Chang Sui‐yuan , Shen Ya‐Ching
Published: April 2011

The novel triterpenoid is tested for in vitro inhibitory activity against the HIV virus and exhibits significant effects.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring A‐seco Triterpenoids with Antibacterial Activity from Dysoxylum hainanense.
Authors: He Xiu‐Feng , Wang Xiao‐Ning , Yin Sheng , Dong Lei , Yue Jian‐Min
Published: April 2011

Five new ring A‐seco triterpenoids (I)—(IV) are isolated along with a known structurally related compound from twigs and leaves of the title plant.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,2,3,4,5,7‐Hexahydro‐6H‐azocino[4,3‐b]indol‐6‐ones as Intermediates for the Synthesis of Apparicine.
Authors: Kettle Jason G. , Roberts David , Joule John A.
Published: April 2011

Pyrrolidone (I) undergoes a selective ring opening reaction upon reaction with lithiated phenylsulfonylindole (II) generating key ketone (III), whose acidic N‐hydrogen can be utilized for further N‐alkylations.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrinodemins E and F, New 3‐Alkylpyridine Alkaloids from Sponge Amphimedon sp.
Authors: Kura Ken'ichi , Kubota Takaaki , Fromont Jane , Kobayashi Jun'ichi
Published: April 2011

Two new 3‐alkylpyridine alkaloids are isolated from Okinawan marine sponge Amphimedon sp..
ChemInform Abstract: An Expeditious Route Toward Pyrazine‐Containing Nucleoside Analogues.
Authors: Modha Sachin G. , Trivedi Jalpa C. , Mehta Vaibhav P. , Ermolat'ev Denis S. , Van der Eycken Erik V.
Published: April 2011

A new and efficient method to prepare differently substituted ethynyl pyrazines is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: The Discovery and Structure—Activity Relationships Leading to CE‐156811, a Difluorophenyl Cyclopropyl Fluoroether: A Novel Potent Antibacterial Analogue Derived from Hygromycin A.
Authors: Le Phuong T. , et al. et al.
Published: April 2011

SAR studies and optimization of various modified hygromycin A fluoroalkyl ethers, which lead to the discovery of the highly potent antibacterial CE‐156811 (I) derived from truncation of the ribose ring and difluorination of the phenyl found in hygromycin A, are discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthesis of Chrysin‐7‐yl Aryl N‐Bis(2‐chloroethyl) Phosphoramidate.
Authors: Chen Xiaolan , Yuan Jinwei , Wang Junliang , Qu Lingbo , Yu Zhangqi , Zhao Yufen
Published: April 2011

With a view to using compounds containing a bis(2‐chloroethyl) amino group in cancer chemotherapy a chemoselective synthesis of the title compounds (VI) is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Chalcones as Novel Influenza (H1N1) Neuraminidase Inhibitors from Glycyrrhiza inflata.
Authors: Dao Trong Tuan , Nguyen Phi Hung , Lee Hong Sik , Kim Eunhee , Park Junsoo , Lim Seong Il , Oh Won Keun
Published: April 2011

Bioassay‐guided fractionation leads to the isolation of novel licochalcone G (I) along with seven known chalcones.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvothermal Synthesis of Hg1‐xCdxTe Nanostructures — Their Structural and Optical Properties.
Authors: Khatei Jayakrishna , Pendyala Naresh Babu , Rao K. S. R. K.
Published: April 2011

Near‐IR emitting Hg1‐xCdxTe nanostructures (x = 0.1—0.8) of different shapes such as quantum dots, hexagonal cubes of different sizes between 20 and 500 nm, and nanorods are solvothermally prepared from mixtures of Cd(OAc)2, Hg(OAc)2, Na2TeO3, N2H4·H2O, and en (autoclave, 180 °C, 24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery of Novel, Potent, Selective, and Orally Active Human Glucagon Receptor Antagonists Containing a Pyrazole Core.
Authors: Shen Dong‐Ming , et al. et al.
Published: April 2011

A novel class of 1,3,5‐substituted pyrazoles is discovered as potent human glucagon receptor antagonists.
ChemInform Abstract: Growth, Properties and Application of Thick Self‐Standing MWCNT Blocks
Authors: Musso Simone , Bianco Stefano , Giorcelli Mauro , Castellino Micaela , Digregorio Gabriella , Tagliaferro Alberto
Published: April 2011

Review: (MWCNT: multiwalled carbon nanotube) 79 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermochemical Treatment Theories ‐ Nitriding ‐ Nitrocarburizing. Binary and Ternary Fe‐N and Fe‐N‐C Systems: Compound Layers
Authors: Gantois Michel , Dulcy Jacky
Published: April 2011

Review: 29 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Route for the Synthesis of Mesoporous and Low‐Thermal Stability Materials by Coupled Dissolution‐Reprecipitation Reactions. Mimicking Hydrothermal Mineral Formation
Authors: Brugger Joel , McFadden Aoife , Lenehan Claire E. , Etschmann Barbara , Xia Fang , Zhao Jing , Pring Allan
Published: April 2011

Review: 55 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid‐State and Interfacial Reactions During Transpassive Dissolution of Stainless Alloys
Authors: Betova Iva
Published: April 2011

Review: 68 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrodeposition of Silver‐Indium Alloys
Authors: Dobrovolska Ts. , Krastev I.
Published: April 2011

Review: 78 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Formazans in the Synthesis of Heterocycles. Part II. Synthesis of Azines
Authors: Buzykin B. I.
Published: April 2011

Review: e.g. triazines, tetrazines, thiadiazines; 56 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Azides
Authors: Pinho e Melo Teresa M. V. D.
Published: April 2011

Review: 233 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Radical Cation Fragmentation Reactions in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Poniatowski Alexander J. , Floreancig Paul E.
Published: April 2011

Review: 42 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of Indole Alkaloids from Chiral Lactams
Authors: Amat Mercedes , Perez Maria , Bosch Joan
Published: April 2011

Review: ca. 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Fluoro‐Substituted β‐Diketones and their Derivatives
Authors: Isakova V. G. , Khlebnikova T. S. , Lakhvich F. A.
Published: April 2011

Review: 312 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Visible Light Photoredox Catalysis: Applications in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Narayanam Jagan M. R. , Stephenson Corey R. J.
Published: April 2011

Review: 66 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Osmium‐Free Direct syn‐Dihydroxylation of Alkenes
Authors: Bataille Carole J. R. , Donohoe Timothy J.
Published: April 2011

Review: ca. 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Liquid‐Crystal Nanoscience: An Emerging Avenue of Soft Self‐Assembly
Authors: Bisoyi Hari Krishna , Kumar Sandeep
Published: April 2011

Review: 89 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chlorosulfolipids: Structure, Synthesis, and Biological Relevance
Authors: Bedke D. Karl , Vanderwal Christopher D.
Published: April 2011

Review: 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Direction in Enantioselective Catalysis: Scaffolding Ligands in Olefin Hydroformylation.
Authors: Yeung Charles S. , Dong Vy M.
Published: April 2011

Review: ca. 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,4‐Diiodo‐1,3‐dienes: Versatile Reagents in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Ananikov Valentine P. , Hazipov Oleg V. , Beletskaya Irina P.
Published: April 2011

Review: about 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Supramolecular Gel Chemistry: Developments over the Last Decade
Authors: Steed Jonathan W.
Published: April 2011

Review: 68 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Optical Spectroscopy and Ionic Liquids
Authors: Mudring Anja‐Verena
Published: April 2011

Review: 126 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Functional of Mammalian DNA Methyltransferases
Authors: Jurkowska Renata Zofia , Jurkowski Tomasz Piotr , Jeltsch Albert
Published: April 2011

Review: 214 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Histone Tails: Ideal Motifs for Probing Epigenetics Through Chemical Biology Approaches
Authors: Voigt Philipp , Reinberg Danny
Published: April 2011

Review: 150 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Function of Histone H3 Lysine 9 Methyltransferases and Demethylases.
Authors: Krishnan Swathi , Horowitz Scott , Trievel Raymond C.
Published: April 2011

Review: ca. 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Spreading Chromatin into Chemical Biology
Authors: Allis C. David , Muir Tom W.
Published: April 2011

Review: ca. 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanotoxicology: The Molecular Science Point of View
Authors: Pumera Martin
Published: April 2011

Review: 52 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Towards Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons with a Singlet Open‐Shell Ground State
Authors: Lambert Christoph
Published: April 2011

Review: 19 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Allosteric, Chelate, and Interannular Cooperativity: A Mise au Point
Authors: Ercolani Gianfranco , Schiaffino Luca
Published: April 2011

Review: ca. 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphorus‐31 NMR Spectroscopy of Condensed Matter
Authors: Potrzebowski Marek J. , Kazmierski Slawomir , Kassassir Hassan , Miksa Beata
Published: April 2011

Review: 252 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in Liquid‐State INADEQUATE Studies
Authors: Uhrin Dusan
Published: April 2011

Review: 86 refs.
Assessment of Water Quality in the Elbe River at Low Water Conditions Based on Factor Analysis
Authors: Baborowski Martina , Büttner Olaf , Einax Jürgen W.
Published: April 2011

An assessment of water quality measurements during a long‐lasting low water period in the Elbe River is presented. Weekly samples were taken from May to December 2003 at a sampling site in the middle part of the Elbe River. For multivariate data analysis, 34 parameters of 46 samplings were considered. As a result of this analysis, 78% of the variance of the data set is explained by five factors. They can be assigned to the following latent variables: season (37.5%) > tributaries (12.7%) > re‐suspension (10.4%) > discharge (9.4%) > complexation (8.5%). For the investigated sampling site, two key processes were identified as dominating factors on the water quality during low water conditions. First, seasonal phytoplankton development caused changes in redox conditions with consequences for re‐solution of pollutants from sediments. Second, tributaries have a higher impact on the main stream, due to changes in mixing processes. Therefore, in addition to flood investigations, monitoring strategies, and management plans should be developed in order to survey changes in water quality during low water conditions.
Higher response to lenalidomide in relapsed/refractory diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma in nongerminal center B‐cell–like than in germinal center B‐cell–like phenotype
Authors: Hernandez‐Ilizaliturri Francisco J. , Deeb George , Zinzani Pier L. , Pileri Stefano A. , Malik Farhana , Macon William R. , Goy Andre , Witzig Thomas E. , Czuczman Myron S.
Published: April 2011

BACKGROUND:

There is a need to develop novel therapies for relapsed/refractory diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and to identify biomarkers predictive for therapeutic response. Lenalidomide was previously shown to induce an overall response rate (ORR) of 28% in patients with relapsed/refractory DLBCL. It is currently unknown if response rates differ between patients with different DLBCL subtypes.

METHODS:

The authors retrospectively evaluated clinical outcomes of patients with germinal center B‐cell–like versus nongerminal center B‐cell–like DLBCL treated with salvage lenalidomide at 4 academic institutions.

RESULTS:

Forty patients with relapsed/refractory DLBCL were included (24 men; 16 women; median age, 66 years; median of 4 prior treatments, including rituximab chemotherapy). Patients were classified as germinal center B‐cell–like (n = 23) or nongerminal center B‐cell–like (n = 17) DLBCL according to the Hans algorithm. The subgroups were similar in terms of stage, international prognostic index score, prior number of treatments, and rituximab resistance. A significant difference in clinical response to lenalidomide was observed in nongerminal center B‐cell–like versus germinal center B‐cell–like patients. ORR was 52.9% versus 8.7% (P = .006); complete response rate was 23.5% versus 4.3%. Median progression‐free survival was 6.2 versus 1.7 months (P = .004), although no difference in OS was observed between nongerminal center B‐cell–like and germinal center B‐cell–like DLBCL patients.

CONCLUSIONS:

The data suggest that the 2 major subgroups of patients with DLBCL (germinal center B cell and nongerminal center B cell) have different antitumor responsiveness to lenalidomide in the relapsed/refractory setting. A large international trial (NCT01197560) has been opened to enrollment in an attempt to prospectively validate these retrospective observations. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Symptom burden in cancer survivors 1 year after diagnosis
Authors: Shi Qiuling , Smith Tenbroeck G. , Michonski Jared D. , Stein Kevin D. , Kaw Chiewkwei , Cleeland Charles S.
Published: April 2011

BACKGROUND:

Few studies have examined risk for severe symptoms during early cancer survivorship. By using baseline data from the American Cancer Society's Study of Cancer Survivors‐I, the authors examined cancer survivors with high symptom burden, identified risk factors associated with high symptom burden, and evaluated the impact of high symptom burden on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) 1 year postdiagnosis.

METHODS:

Participants were enrolled from 11 state cancer registries approximately 1 year after diagnosis and were surveyed by telephone or mail. The outcomes measures used were the Modified Rotterdam Symptom Checklist and the Profile of Mood States‐37 (to assess symptom burden) and the Satisfaction with Life Domains Scale‐Cancer (to assess HRQoL).

RESULTS:

Of 4903 survivors, 4512 (92%) reported symptoms related to their cancer and/or its treatment. Two‐step clustering yielded 2 subgroups, 1 with low symptom burden (n = 3113) and 1 with high symptom burden (n = 1399). Variables that were associated with high symptom burden included lung cancer (odds ratio [OR], 2.27), metastatic cancer (OR, 2.05), the number of comorbid conditions (OR, 1.76), remaining on active chemotherapy (OR, 1.93), younger age (OR, 2.31), lacking insurance/being underinsured (OR, 1.57), having lower income (OR, 1.61), being unemployed (OR, 1.27), and being less educated (OR, 1.29). Depression, fatigue, and pain had the greatest impact on HRQoL in survivors with high symptom burden, who also had lower HRQoL (P < .0001).

CONCLUSIONS:

More than 1 in 4 cancer survivors had high symptom burden 1 year postdiagnosis, even after treatment termination. These results indicate a need for continued symptom monitoring and management in early post‐treatment survivorship, especially for the underserved. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Reirradiation for recurrent medulloblastoma
Authors: Bakst Richard L. , Dunkel Ira J. , Gilheeney Stephen , Khakoo Yasmin , Becher Oren , Souweidane Mark M. , Wolden Suzanne L.
Published: April 2011

BACKGROUND:

Previously irradiated recurrent medulloblastoma (MB) is a highly lethal disease. Reirradiation is often not considered secondary to its potential toxicity and uncertain efficacy. Analysis of retreatment could help identify the feasibility and role of reirradiation for recurrent MB.

METHODS:

Thirteen patients who underwent at least 1 course of reirradiation at the authors' institution as a component of management after recurrence were identified, and their medical records were analyzed.

RESULTS:

At first diagnosis, all patients underwent surgical resection and radiation, with 69% of patients receiving chemotherapy. Median time to initial failure was 50 months (range, 14‐103 months). Reirradiation subsite breakdown was as follows: posterior fossa, 46%; supratentorial/whole brain, 31%; spine, 23%; craniospinal, 8%. Median cumulative dose was 84 grays (range, 65‐98.4 grays). Of 11 patients completing a full course of reirradiation, there were 6 failures, with 3 in the reirradiation field. Kaplan‐Meier estimates of progression‐free and overall survival since time of first recurrence were 48% and 65%, respectively at 5 years. Of patients without gross disease at reirradiation, 83% were without evidence of disease at last follow‐up. With a median follow‐up of 30 months, reirradiation was well tolerated, with only 1 case of asymptomatic, in‐field radiation necrosis.

CONCLUSIONS:

The results in this series are promising, but must be interpreted with caution given the limitations. Reirradiation provided most benefit to patients with no evidence of disease after surgical re‐resection, and least to patients with gross disease. Important considerations for reirradiation toxicity development include duration between radiation courses and patient age. Further study of reirradiation as part of trimodality therapy is warranted. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Patients rate physician communication about lung cancer
Authors: Nelson Judith E. , Gay Elizabeth B. , Berman Andrew R. , Powell Charles A. , Salazar‐Schicchi John , Wisnivesky Juan P.
Published: April 2011

BACKGROUND:

High‐quality lung cancer care includes physician‐patient communication about the disease and treatment, patient needs/preferences, and care goals. In this study, the authors evaluated communication with patients at all stages across multiple topics.

METHODS:

A standardized questionnaire asked patients with lung cancer to rate (on 5‐point, verbal descriptor scale) the extent of communication with physicians on symptoms, spiritual concerns, practical needs, proxy appointment, living will preparation, prognosis, care goals, potential complications of therapy, life support preferences, and hospice. Communication was defined as inadequate if the patient reported discussing ≥5 of 11 questionnaire topics “not at all” or “a little bit.” Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the factors associated with inadequate communication.

RESULTS:

In total, 276 of 348 (79%) eligible patients were enrolled (mean age [±standard deviation], 65 ± 10 years; 55% white, 21% black, and 19% Hispanic; all disease stages). For most topics, the majority of respondents reported that physicians communicated “not at all” or “a little bit.” Low ratings were frequent for discussion of emotional symptoms (56%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 49%‐62%), practical needs (71%; 95% CI, 65%‐76%), spiritual concerns (80%; 95% CI, 75%‐85%), proxy appointment (63%; 95% CI, 57%‐69%), living will preparation (90%; 95% CI, 85%‐93%), life support preferences (80%; 95% CI, 75%‐84%), and hospice (88%; 95% CI, 86%‐94%). Communication was inadequate for patients of different ages, stages, and races, although Hispanics were less likely than non‐Hispanic whites and blacks to report inadequate communication (odds ratio, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.15‐0.65).

CONCLUSIONS:

Across all stages, patients with lung cancer reported low rates of physician‐patient communication on key topics, which may increase patient distress, impair decision‐making, and compromise clinical outcomes and use patterns. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Sox6, jack of all trades: A versatile regulatory protein in vertebrate development
Authors: Hagiwara Nobuko
Published: April 2011

Approximately 20,000 genes are encoded in our genome, one tenth of which are thought to be transcription factors. Considering the complexity and variety of cell types generated during development, many transcription factors likely play multiple roles. Uncovering the versatile roles of Sox6 in vertebrate development sheds some light on how an organism efficiently utilizes the limited resources of transcription factors. The structure of the Sox6 gene itself may dictate its functional versatility. First, Sox6 contains no known regulatory domains; instead, it utilizes various cofactors. Second, Sox6 has a long 3′‐UTR that contains multiple microRNA targets, thus its protein level is duly adjusted by cell type–specific microRNAs. Just combining these two characteristics alone makes Sox6 extremely versatile. To date, Sox6 has been reported to regulate differentiation of tissues of mesoderm, ectoderm, and endoderm origins, making Sox6 a truly multifaceted transcription factor. Developmental Dynamics 240:1311–1321, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Heightened fear of uncertainty in anorexia and bulimia nervosa
Authors: Frank Guido K.W. , Roblek Tami , Shott Megan E. , Jappe Leah M. , Rollin Michael D.H. , Hagman Jennifer O. , Pryor Tamara
Published: April 2011

Objective:

To test whether intolerance of uncertainty (IU) is related to eating disorder (ED) pathology.

Method:

Thirty individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN), 19 with bulimia nervosa (BN), and 28 healthy control women (CW) completed the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS).

Results:

AN and BN groups showed higher IU compared with CW. In AN and BN, Harm Avoidance and Depression scores were positively correlated with IU. In AN but not BN, IU was related positively to Drive for Thinness and Body Dissatisfaction.

Discussion:

Elevated IU is associated with AN and BN. Anxious traits may be inherent in EDs and IU could be a developmental factor contributing to anxiety, mood, and ED behavior in AN and BN. © 2011 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2012)
Mast cells promote Th1 and Th17 responses by modulating dendritic cell maturation and function
Authors: Dudeck Anne , Suender Cathleen A. , Kostka Susanna Lopez , von Stebut Esther , Maurer Marcus
Published: April 2011

Mast cells (MCs) play an important role in the regulation of protective adaptive immune responses against pathogens. However, it is still unclear whether MCs promote such host defense responses via direct effects on T cells or rather by modifying the functions of antigen‐presenting cells. To identify the underlying mechanisms of the immunoregulatory capacity of MCs, we investigated the impact of MCs on dendritic cell (DC) maturation and function. We found that murine peritoneal MCs underwent direct crosstalk with immature DCs that induced DC maturation as evidenced by enhanced expression of costimulatory molecules. Furthermore, the MC/DC interaction resulted in the release of the T‐cell modulating cytokines IFN‐γ, IL‐2, IL‐6 and TGF‐β into coculture supernatants and increased the IL‐12p70, IFN‐γ, IL‐6 and TGF‐β secretion of LPS‐matured DCs. Such MC‐“primed” DCs subsequently induced efficient CD4+ T‐cell proliferation. Surprisingly, we observed that MC‐primed DCs stimulated CD4+ T cells to release high levels of IFN‐γ and IL‐17, demonstrating that MCs promote Th1 and Th17 responses. Confirming our in vitro findings, we found that the enhanced disease progression of MC‐deficient mice in Leishmania major infection is correlated with impaired induction of both Th1 and Th17 cells.
A distinct subset of human NK cells expressing HLA‐DR expand in response to IL‐2 and can aid immune responses to BCG
Authors: Evans J. Henry , Horowitz Amir , Mehrabi Maryam , Wise Emma L. , Pease James E. , Riley Eleanor M. , Davis Daniel M.
Published: April 2011

Subsets of NK cells can have distinct functions. Here, we report that >25% of human peripheral blood NK cells express HLA‐DR after culture with IL‐2. This can be driven by an expansion of a small subset of NK cells expressing HLA‐DR, in contrast to previous assumptions that HLA‐DR is upregulated on previously negative cells. HLA‐DR‐expressing NK cells showed enhanced degranulation to susceptible target cells and expressed chemokine receptor CXCR3, which facilitated their enrichment following exposure to CXCL11/I‐TAC. Suggesting HLA‐DR‐expressing NK cells have an important role in an immune response, stimulation of PBMCs with Mycobacterium bovis BCG (BCG) triggered expansion of this subset. Importantly, the magnitude of an individual's NK cell IFN‐γ response triggered by BCG was associated with the initial frequency of HLA‐DR‐expressing NK cells in PBMCs. More directly indicating the importance of HLA‐DR‐expressing NK cells, enriching the frequency of this subset in PBMCs substantially augmented the IFN‐γ response to BCG. Thus, HLA‐DR expression marks a distinct subset of NK cells, present at low frequency in circulating blood but readily expanded by IL‐2, that can play an important role during immune responses to BCG.
Evaluation of antioxidant capacity of sesamol and free radical scavengers at different heating temperatures
Authors: Yeo JuDong , Park JungWoo , Lee JaeHwan
Published: April 2011

Sesamol is a natural antioxidant found in sesame oil from roasted sesame seeds. Activation energy and antioxidant capacity of sesamol were determined and compared with other free radical scavengers (FRSs) including tert‐butylated‐hydroxyquinone (TBHQ), butylated‐hydroxyanisol (BHA), or α‐tocopherol in a lard model system treated with different heating temperature. Each FRS was added in lard and heated at 90, 120, 150, and 180°C for 48, 24, 8, or 2 h, respectively and antioxidant capacity was evaluated by conjugated dienoic acid (CDA) value, conjugated diene hydroperoxides, p‐anisidine value (p‐AV), and a modified 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. Apparent activation energy of sesamol was determined as 12.98 kcal/mol in a lard model system. Antioxidant capacity of sesamol was as good as that of TBHQ and was higher than those of BHA and α‐tocopherol at 90, 120, and 150°C based on CDA, conjugated diene hydroperoxides, and p‐AV assays. The results of a modified DPPH method showed that each FRS showed different distribution of radical scavenging compounds from oxidized lipids (RSOLs) during oxidation. Sesamol may replace synthetic FRSs like TBHQ and BHA in processed foods treated with high temperature.

Practical application: Processed foods are frequently treated with high temperature during oven‐drying, roasting, baking, and deep‐fat frying. This study showed that sesamol, one of natural antioxidants, had stronger antioxidant capacities than other synthetic FRSs at the temperature ranges from 90 to 180°C. The results of this study can be applied in food industries producing deep‐fat fried foods including snacks, chips, and French fries to extend the shelf‐life of final foods with high temperature treatment.
Very Fast, Ligand‐Free and Aerobic Protocol for the Synthesis of 4‐Aryl‐Substituted Triphenylamine Derivatives
Authors: Liu Chun , Ni Qijian , Qiu Jieshan
Published: April 2011

A fast, convenient and ligand‐free protocol for the synthesis of a series of 4‐aryl‐substituted triphenylamine derivatives by a palladium‐catalysed aerobic Suzuki reaction of aryl halides with [4‐(diphenylamino)phenyl]boronic acid in aqueousiPrOH is described. Importantly, both aryl bromides and heteroaryl halides afforded good to excellent yields under mild conditions.