bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Land Use on Stream Water Quality in the German Low Mountain Range Basin Gersprenz
Authors: Schmalz Britta , Kruse Marion
Published: August 2019

Knowledge of the interactions of hydrological processes with the landscape are important to understand variations in basic hydrological data for the comprehensive management of basins. Land cover and land use is one essential factor in the assessment of such management problems. In this study in a representative German basin, available land cover and land use data is analysed in correspondence with available hydrological measuring data.The aim of this study is to analyse the relationships between hydrological data and land use and to obtain a monitoring strategy which allows a valuable support to a comprehensive management of river basins.Two spatial scales, the basin Gersprenz and its subbasin Fischbach, are described in detail regarding the variations in electrical conductivity (EC) as a parameter of water quality with high resolution field data from the state-wide monitoring network (12 stations) as well as from own research monitoring (12 stations). The results show that water quality, using EC as an indicator, can be related to land use pattern. From stream source to mouth, there is an increase in anthropogenic impacts and the EC values show an increasing tendency in downstream direction. This anthropogenic impact is due to agricultural use, settlements, commerce and industry areas, and discharges of waste water. The hydrological monitoring will be continued in the future to give the possibility to assess long-term variations on different spatial and temporal scales.
EFFECTIVENESS OF LOCAL DOSAGE FORMS OF ANTHELMINTICS IN THE TREATMENT OF CATTLE WITH THELAZIOSIS
Authors: Glazunova
Published: August 2019

Invasive keratoconjunctivitis is widespread among cattle, especially with active exercise or grazing in the summer. Cases are described where the extensiveness of invasion reaches 62.8% in young animals and 15.1% in adult animals. In Russia, three types of thelazias parasitize cattle – Thelazia gulosa, Th. rhodesi and Th. skrjabini.The peculiarity of these types of nematodes is that one of them – Th. rhodesi – are parasitic in the conjunctival sac, and others – Th. gulosa and Th. skrjabini – in the tear-nasal canal and lacrimal gland, which complicates not only the diagnosis of the disease, but also its treatment. In the Tyumen region, the prevalence of pathogens of thelaziosis developed as follows: Th. gulosa ID – 89,12±2,26%, and Th. skrjabini – 10.88±2.26%. For the treatment of animals with telepathy, drugs based on avermectins and ivermectins are widely used, which are produced mainly in the form of injection solutions for administration subcutaneously or intramuscularly. Despite their high efficacy, low toxicity, affordable price and convenient method of use, these drugs have drawbacks, among which is a rather strong pain and inflammatory reaction in animals, which creates an additional stress factor, as well as suppression of the immune system of animals during 2–3 weeks after injection.
EFFICIENCY OF THE EFFECT OF PREPARATION MONIZEN FORTE IN HELMINTHESES AND ARAHNO-ENTOMOSES OF SHEEP
Authors: Engasheva  , Moskalev  , Muromtsev
Published: August 2019

One of the important sources of increasing animal productivity is the prevention and control of parasitic diseases, which cause significant damage to livestock. The economic damage caused by helminth infections is determined not only by the death of animals, but also by a sharp decrease in productivity, growth retardation and development of young animals, poor feed allowances, reduced fertility, and increased susceptibility to other diseases [1]. For the purpose of treatment and prevention of sheep parasitosis, Monizen Forte was proposed to test the effectiveness of the action.The article presents the results of two production experiments on the testing of the drug Monizen Forte with helminth infections and arachno-entomoses of sheep.The work was carried out in the Kaliningrad region on 60 sheep and in the Kursk region on 28 sheep. The effectiveness of the drug Monizen Forte was taken into account according to the results of the study of samples of sheep feces using the method of sequential washing, flotation according to Fulleborn and larvascopically according to Berman-Orlov before and after 14–18 days after the applying of the drug to animals of the experimental groups.The results of clinical studies of Monizen Forte in sheep at a dose of 1 ml per 15 kg once intramuscularly showed 100% efficacy of the drug in cestodoses and nematodoses, and 98% in sheep trematodoses; at a dose of 1 ml per 20 kg, 100% of the extent and intensity of the drug were shown subcutaneously once, with monieziosis, gastrointestinal strangulation, melophagosis, bovicolus and ixodidosis.
THE EFFECT OF INTENSIVE DOGS INVASION BY DIROFILARIASIS ON THE MORPHOLOGICAL PICTURE OF BLOOD
Authors: Kabardiev  , Bittirova  , Bittirov  , Kabardiev  , Begieva  , Bittirov
Published: August 2019

New data were obtained when studying the effect of intensive dirofilariоsis invasion on the morphological composition of the blood corpus of infected dogs. Hematological studies were performed on 20 dogs infected intensively with microfilaria. Blood from dogs was taken from a forearm vein in test tubes with an anticoagulant. For research, 2 groups were formed: experimental and control. The experimental group (n=10) consisted of dogs that had microfilaria dirofilariasis in blood samples. The control group of dogs (n=10) was formed from agelminthous animals, in the blood of which there were no nematode microfilaria. Results. With intensive invasion of dirofilariоsis in blood samples of dogs, a decrease in the number of erythrocytes is observed by 3.03х1012/l, a decrease in hemoglobin concentration by 70.68 g/l. At the same time, the number of leukocytes in the hematological profile of experienced dogs increased by 14.68х109/l, and that of eosinophils by 497.44%, which indicates profound pathophysiological changes in the hematocrit. Conclusion With a high intensity of dirofilariasis in dogs, erythropenia, hypohemoglobinemia, leukocytosis, and eosinophilia appear strongly on the background of control.
PERSPECTIVENESS OF INDUSTRIAL ISSUES OF ANTI-CELLULAR VACCINES FOR THE HEAD-BREEDING INDUSTRY
Authors: Laipanov
Published: August 2019

This article provides data on the distribution of coenurosis, the impact of this disease on the world economic status of sheep. Today this invasion is registered in many continents of the globe. According to the regions, where the sheep's number of head is up to 70% (Southern FD and North Caucasus FD), annual losses from a coenurosis reach 5–15%, which, on average, is about 1 million heads. Each head is 20 kg of meat and 3–4 kg of wool and, besides all, unaccounted expenses. A kilogram of mutton averages 300 rubles, and wool is about 200–250 rubles. These impressive figures amount to several billion rubles across the industry. At the present stage, according to many scientists and authors, the only way to solve this problem is vaccination with subsequent revaccination. Scientists in many countries around the world, such as China, Italy, Turkey, tried to tackle this problem, but studies have shown that the selected protective antigen is ineffective, which the scientists themselves do not deny. A method for immunoprophylaxis of lambs of the first year of life is proposed. Our experiments, carried out for 25–30 years on the prevention of this disease, gave positive and hopeful results. According to the results of testing an inactivated formulated vaccine obtained in the laboratory from oncospheric components, data are presented on the decrease in the number of diseased animals. There is a question about the sequencing of antigen with its subsequent use in the industrial production of vaccines at one of the biofactories under the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation.
TACTICS OF MUSCA DOMESTICA CONTROL AT OBJECTS OF VETERINARY AND SANITARY SUPERVISION
Authors: Levchenko  , Silivanova
Published: August 2019

Prolonged use of chemical insecticides at veterinary and sanitary inspection facilities often leads to a decrease in the efficiency of disinsection measures, which is associat-ed with the development of resistance in natural insect populations, including Musca domestica L., house flies. The purpose of the presented work was to study the level of sensitivity of M. domestica to modern insecticides in livestock and poultry farms of the Tyumen region. Under laboratory conditions, the activity of modern insecticides from the pyrethroid, neonicotinoids, phenylpyrazols, pyrroles, and avermectins groups against the first generation of adult M. domestica of natural populations was measured using metered-dose contact. Using probit analysis, pooled lethal doses (LD50) of insecticides for natural populations of flies and sensitive laboratory culture were calculated. Next, we determined the resistance index for each insecticide as the ratio of their LD50 values for the natural and laboratory population. It has been found that flies of natural populations were sensitive to tested insecticides to varying degrees. The highest resistance indicator (57) was recorded for the acetamids of the fly population from the livestock farm. A population of flies sensitive to fipronil was also found in the poultry farm with resistance index 1. Given the results of labora-tory studies, this farm was effectively disinsected against M. domestica using fipronil-containing preparation. The tactics of pest control measures, based on preliminary laboratory studies of the sensitivity of flies and the selection of chemical insecticidal agents against a specific natural population, will effectively control the number of Musca domestica on objects of veterinary sanitary inspection.
THE CURRENT SITUATION ANALYSIS AT THE PARASITE FAUNA OF SEMI-AQUATIC CARNIVORES OF THE WEASEL FAMILY IN THE CENTRAL REGION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Abalihin  , Krjuchkova  , Sokolov
Published: August 2019

Most members of the Mustelidae family living in the Central Non-Black Earth Region of Russia are the objects of sport and commercial hunting. Some of them are bred in fur farms (mink, polecat) and kept at home as decorative animals. The close contact of a person with various members of the family of mustelids, which increase with the development of urbanization processes, makes significant role of mustelids as sources of dangerous invasions for humans and animals (trichinosis, echinococcosis, etc.). We examined 48 ferrets, 107 American minks, 25 European minks, and 11 otters in order to determine the species composition of animal parasites, in the period 2000–2018. They were examined according to methods commonly used in parasitology about muscle tissue, internal organs, and thoracic and abdominal cavity. Animals for research were obtained from hunters from the Central
region of the Russian Federation. Studies have shown that ferrets are invased with 8 species of parasites belonging to two classes: Trematoda (3 species) and Nematoda (5 species). The parasitic fauna of the minks was represented by 15 species of worms: Trematoda (2 species), Cestoda (1 species), Nematoda (12 species). The American mink is infested with 14 helminth species and the European mink with 11 species. Otters were infested with 2 classes of parasites: Trematoda (1 species) and Nematoda
(1 species). We explain the high contamination of ferrets and minks of E. perfoliatus by the constant presence of animals at the reservoirs where the intermediate owners of helminths (fish) live. Also, a significant proportion in the diet of many species of weasels are tailless amphibians (frogs), which explains the infection of semi-aquatic animals with an unusual species of trematodes Alaria alata (larvae).
EPIZOOTIC SITUATION ON HELMINTHOSES FARM ANIMALS IN ALTAI REPUBLIC
Authors: Marchenko  , Efremova
Published: August 2019

Scientific data on a modern epizootic situation on helminthoses of productive animals in Altai Republic are provided in work. Helminths applied helmintoovoskopiya techniques according to Kotelnikov-Hrenov to studying of infectiousness of animals and a helminthoovoscopy according to Berman-Orlov. More than 1.500 fecal samples from sheep, goats, marals and horses from farms of 6 administrative regions of the Republic are investigated. It is established what in the specific relation zooparazitokomplex of sheep, goats, cattle, marals and horses from various regions of Altai Republic is characterized by a variety and are provided practically by all main classes of activators – nematodes, trematodes, cestodes. Infectiousness level of animal helminths by results of an ovoskopiya and larvoskopiya fluctuated from 10.0 to 100% and from 42.8 to 100%. The characterization of the epizootic situation with the use of additional data obtained by the larvoscopic method gives a more complete picture of the structure of the helminth complex and the infection of animals with nematodes of the Strongylata suborder. This explains the fact that the average infection with helminths according to the results of larvoscopic studies is higher than with ovoscopy – due to the cumulative registration of the starch larvae of the gastrointestinal tract and respiratory system. High level of infectiousness of animals with helminths in the region emphasizes their relevance for mountain territories where the traditional systems of maintaining livestock production practice, and natural communication of animals with the environment remained. The received results of researches testify to need of constant observation of the level of an infectiousness of animals and assume realization of a system of antiparasitic actions.
SARKOCYSTOSIS OF BOARS AND WILD DUCKS IN THE NORTH OF THE NON-BLACK EARTH AREA
Authors: Maslennikova
Published: August 2019

Sarcocystosis (sarkosporidiosis) is a widespread, but insufficiently studied, protozoal disease of farm animals and humans, wild animals and birds. Sarcocystosis was not registered in wild animals in the territory of the Kirov region.Samples from 218 carcasses of wild boars caught in various parts of the Kirov region from 2011 to 2019 were examined for spontaneous defeat by sarcocystosis. Samples were taken from various muscle groups and the heart. They were examined by visual inspection methods and using a compressor. In the selection of muscle samples, we took into account the area, age, sex, fatness of the animal.In a study of 191 boar carcasses in 2012–2017, we did not identify sarcocysts in the muscles and heart. Sarcocistosis in wild boars in the north of the Non-Black Earth Region was registered in the last hunting season of 2018–2019 in the study of 27 carcas boars. The extensiveness of invasion was 25,9%, the intensity of invasion is low – 4,3±1,3 (1–14) cysts in the compressor. The length of the sarcocysts is 0,5–1,36 (0,88±0,1) mm, the width is 0,12–0,18 (0,15±0,01) mm. The infection rate of young boars was 57,1%.Sarcocystosis in wild duck mallards was registered by us in May 2011. Cysts were 4x1 mm, white colored. The intensity of invasion in wild ducks was high. We found Sarcocystis rileyi in wild ducks from the Nizhny Novgorod and Vologda regions.
PLEROCERCOIDS OF CESTODES OF THE DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM GENUS OF SALMONIDS FROM THE LOWER AND MIDDLE OB
Authors: Osipov  , Abramov
Published: August 2019

Since 2009, the Tyumen branch of the FGBNU “VNIRO” (“Gosrybtsentr”) has been carrying out the program “Monitoring of infection of commercial fish of the Ob-Irtysh basin with helminths dangerous to human health and carnivorous animals”. As part of the implementation of this program, in 2016–2018, a study of salmon-shaped (whitefish and pike) was conducted for the presence of plerocercoids of the genus Diphyllobothrium, which are characteristic of fish in the Ob-Irtysh basin. Freshly caught fish was taken for the study, which ensured the presence of live larvae and the differentiation of the desired plerocercoids. In this case, the method of parallel cuts of the muscles, a visual examination of the body cavity, organs located in it, and microscopy of compressed fat from the intestine was used. Two types of plerocercoids difillobotriid were found in whitefish (D. dendriticum and D. ditremum). The main carrier of these larvae is peled, other species of whitefish, although they become infected, but are secondary intermediate hosts. Comparing the infection of peled with plerocercoids, diphyllobothriide, firstly, it is necessary to point out the simultaneous parasitization of capsulated D. dendriticum and D. ditremum on the intestine (esophagus and stomach). Secondly, the prevalence of D. ditremum over D. dendriticum in terms of the extensiveness of infection. The third type difillobotriid D. latum (wide tapeworm) parasitizes only predatory fish, including pike.
CYSTICERCUS TENUICOLLIS OF SHEEP IN THE REPUBLIC OF DAGESTAN AND THE VOLGOGRAD REGION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Pasechnik
Published: August 2019

Cysticercus tenuicollis (= fine-necked) is a widespread disease in many countries around the world, including in the Russian Federation. However, this disease remains insufficiently studied in the regional aspect, especially in the current newly formed economic conditions for the development of livestock farms in the country, which has become the goal of our work.Objective: to study the distribution of Cysticercus tenuicollis in some areas of the Republic of Dagestan and the Volgograd region of Russia. The work was carried out in one of the slaughterhouses of the Moscow region farm complex. Post-mortem veterinary-sanitary inspection for the detection of fine-intestinal cysticercus in slaughter sheep was carried out according to the "Rules for veterinary inspection of slaughter animals and veterinary-sanitary examination of meat and meat products" dated 06.17.1988. As a result of the conducted research, it was found out that in Akushinskiy district of the Republic of Dagestan with Cysticercosis tenuicollis were infected: 21 sheep from the batch of 486 slaughter sheep and 8 sheep from another batch of 400 slaughter sheep in the same region of the republic. And from the Pallas district of the Volgograd region, 6 sheep from the examined 243 slaughter sheep were infected with Cysticercus tenuicollis. Extensive invasion of Cysticercus tenuicollisinfection was in the Republic of Dagestan, respectively: 4.32% and 2.0%, and in the Pallas district of the Volgograd region: 2.5%. The data of the veterinary service of the slaughter were also taken into account, according to which in the Gunibskiy district of the Republic of Dagestan 19 sheep from 1,660 slaughtered sheep were infected Cysticercus tenuicollis with an extensive invasion of 2.5% and 40 sheep from 1,926 slaughtered sheep from the Pallas district of the Volgograd region with an extensive invasion of 2.07%. The results of Cysticercus tenuicollis infection of slaughter sheep from the Republic of Dagestan and from the Pallas district of the Volgograd region of Russia showed that farms with a registered tenuikol cysticercosis should be carried out more thoroughly against organizational invasions.
SARCOCYSTOSIS OF WATER-FOWL IN THE TERRITORY OF THE KURGAN REGION
Authors: Pilip  , Byakova
Published: August 2019

Wild duck meat is a popular dietary product, complete in amino acid composition, rich in vitamins of group B, macro- and micro-elements, essential fatty acids. When eaten, such meat should be safe for humans. Sarcocystosis is a zooanthroponotic disease. The causative agent in ducks is S. rileyi. The definitive hosts are domestic and wild carnivores, as well as humans. Intermediate hosts are herbivores, reptiles, mammals, rodents, omnivores. The contamination of birds with sarkosporidii can reach up to 70%. The pathogen is characterized by interspecific specificity. The diagnosis of sarcocystosisis is based on the results of dissection and microscopy. In the territory of the Kurgan Region, sarcocystosis was recorded in two drakes of the mallard and of the common shoveler female, by the detection of multiple muscle cysts in skeletal muscles as a result of the opening of the carcass. Extensiveness of invasion with sarcocystosis was 8% in 2016, 2.7% in 2017. Infected carcasses have an unpleasant, sour muscle odor. The muscles in the incision are sticky, flabby in texture, when pressed with a spatula with a slow recovery of the fossa. To eliminate the spread of helminthiasis, it is necessary to develop effective control and prevention measures against it. Meat of a wild bird without fail should pass Veterinary and Sanitary Expertise. In the case of sarcocystosis, it is prohibited to use such meat for human and domestic animals. Disposal of carcasses affected by sarkosporidia should imply that homeless and wild animals cannot access it. Sarcocytosis duck meat must be disposed of by burning or burying it in pits to a depth of at least 2 m.
MODERN EPIZOOTIC SITUATION ON STRONGYLATOSIS OF HORSES IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Puzanova  , Postevoy
Published: August 2019

This article presents systematized data describing the dynamics of the epizootic process of horse strongylatosis in the territory of the Russian Federation monitoring the latter. In our work, the following sources of statistical data were used: population atlas of the main types of agricultural animals in the Russian Federation, data from the 2016 All-Russian Agricultural Census and veterinary reporting for the period from 2012 to 2017 using the 1-Vet and 4-Vet forms. Parasitic diseases of horses in the form of veterinary reporting are not sufficiently reflected, but the situation with their helminth infections remains tense. The annual decline in the level and number of preventive treatments for horses is negative in terms of the spread of strongylatosis. The emergence of cases of patients with horse strongylatosis, for the first time in many years, in the Stavropol Territory, favors future negative dynamics. And newly recorded cases after a short absence in the Volga and North Caucasus Federal Districts. The annual high percentage of infected horses with strongylatosis calls into question the quality of the immune response during routine vaccinations against infectious diseases, the use of infested horses as producers of therapeutic sera in the territory of the Russian Federation. The need to combat these geohelminthic infections of horses is an important part of measures for the preservation and qualitative improvement of the livestock of horses in Russia. In our reality, the demand for breeding and sporting horses is increasing. The improvement of livestock can be achieved only by creating a complex of timely preventive, diagnostic measures, assessing the quality of deworming and analyzing the errors of the previous period.
PROTECTIVE EFFICACY OF A COMPLEX BIOPREPARATION BASED ON A SOMATIC EXTRACT OF TRICHINELLA AND IMUNOFAN IN EXPERIMENTAL TRICHINOSIS IN WHITE MICE
Authors: Rudneva
Published: August 2019

The purpose of this placebo-controlled randomized laboratory study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a complex biological product based on the Trichinella somatic antigen (SET) at a dose of 40 μg / mouse and an immunostimulant immunofan at a dose of 1 mg / mouse for T. spiralis larvae with experimental infection with them 40 days after the last injection of drugs. The preparations were administered twice, intramuscularly in 0.2 ml of sterile saline with an interval of 48 hours to 20 animals from 2 therapeutic groups. 10 mice of the control group received a placebo. Mice were experimentally infected with T. spiralis larvae at a dose of 30 ± 5 larvae / mouse orally. After 40-45 days, a control assessment was performed to detect T. spiralislarvae. The number of larvae of the parasite in animals treated with the complex drug was reduced by 61.98%, and in mice treated with an immunostimulant - by 31.42% (calculated from the geometric mean). The largest number of Trichinella larvae was found in the control group that received placebo.According to the results of the study, a conclusion was drawn about the effectiveness of double administration of a complex immunopreparation based on SET-40 and Imunofan, as well as on the prospects and feasibility of continuing further research in search of the most promising immunoprophylactic agents, their doses and frequency of use for trichinosis.
CONTAMINATION OF THE LITTER OF BROILER CHICKENS WITH EIMERIA OOCYSTS DURING THE TECHNOLOGICAL CYCLE OF CULTIVATION
Authors: Safiullin  , Kachanova  , Bondarenko  , Novikov
Published: August 2019

For disinvasion of poultry houses on this site against the exogenous stages of eimeria, a new complex drug “Delegol Pro” was used to prepare poultry houses for occupancy. The drug toltrazuril was prescribed to 2.5% of the chickens aged 8–9 days against the endogenous developmental stages of eimeria. Studies conducted after 1, 2, 3, 4 weeks after planting chickens and before slaughter, showed contamination of the litter with eimeria oocysts. The average number of oocysts in 1 g of litter during different periods of research was 3.32; 14.4; 8.6; 7.9 and 3.7 thousands, respectively. Our data show that the release of oocysts begins to decrease gradually 2 weeks after the application of toltrazuril. The low level of oocysts in the litter at the end of the broiler breeding cycle (3.7 thousands) indicates that chickens are well immune to coccidiosis. Contamination of the litter of broiler chickens with invasive elements during outdoor maintenance of the poultry houses during the technological cycle of cultivation after disinfestation and when prescribing coccidiostatics was established from July to September 2017 in the conditions of the “White Bird” Poultry Factory by taking and examining the litter samples at different times of growing broilers. To disinfect all 34 poultry houses at this site against the exogenous stages of ameri, a new complex drug “Delegol Pro” was used in a dose of 0.5 l / m2 at an exposure time of 2 hours when preparing poultry houses for settlement.
CONDITION OF MORBIDITY AND QUESTIONS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY OF LEISHMANIASIS IN THE SOGDIAN REGION OF TAJIKISTAN
Authors: Tadzhibaev  , Murtazoev  , Pulotov
Published: August 2019

Since 2003, visceral, and since 2009, skin leishmaniasis has been registered in the Sughd region and remains a significant problem for health care, especially the VL. The main risk group is children of 0–5 years old, whose immune system cannot with-stand leishmania. With late diagnosis and treatment can be fatal. The survey results indicate the epidemic activity of the synanthropic focal point of the VL. According to the epidemiological studies, it can be assumed that the foci of leishmaniasis in the Sogd region are anthropurgic. In many localities, Ph. sergenti is the dominant type of carrier, which is an anthroponotic carrier, and the presence of Ph. papatasi, the main carrier of zoonotic CL, indicates the pathogen circulation in the region.In order to combat leishmaniasis, it is recommended to conduct in the foci an early diagnosis and treatment of patients, active identification, treatment and shooting of sick dogs, extermination of rodents, treatment of residential and other household premises with long-lasting insecticides, sanitary improvement of premises for live-stock from manure, elimination of landfills (especially those containing food and agricultural waste) in the vicinity of localities, the use of impregnated bed curtains and sanitary educational work among the population.
INTESTINAL NEMATODOSES OF HORSES IN SOME ECONOMIES OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN
Authors: Timerbayeva  , Latypov  , Shakirova
Published: August 2019

The epizootic situation of intestinal nematodes was studied in some farms of the Republic of Tatarstan. The object of the study was horses of different age groups, breeds, sexes, spontaneously – infested with nematodoses. When studying the epi-zootological situation, indicators of extensed invasion (EI) and intensed invasion (II) were used, which were determined by studying the faeces of animals by the hel-minthic scattering modified Kotelnikov-Khrenov method. In 2016, 32 animals were studied for intestinal nematodoses of horses in the amount of 32 Nurlat stud farm limited liability company of Nurlat district of the Republic of Tatarstan. Extensed invasion of stronghylazoses amounted to 40.6%, with the intensity of invasiveness from 7.6 to 1816.4 spec. eggs in 1 g of feces, the intensity of invasion by mixed inva-sion (strongilitoza of the digestive tract + parascariosis) was 21.9%, with a degree of invasion from 15.2 to 3777.2 eggs of the nematode of the Strongylata suborder and from 22.8 to 1603.6 eggs Parascaris Eguorum in 1 gram of feces. When examining 22 horses in 2019, the Khamitov RM farm was found that the horses examined were free from helminths. During the examination of 10 horses of PL “Alekseevskoye”, it was revealed that 10 animals were infested with strongyloses of the digestive tract (EI-100%). The intensity of the invasiveness of horses by the pathogens of the strut of the digestive tract ranged from 15.2-296.4 eggs per gram of feces. In FF "Avza-lov G.G." of Aktanyshsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan, the extensiveness of horses with strongholds of the digestive tract was 40%, with intensed invasion from 15.2 to 273.6 eggs per 1 gram of faeces, extensed invasion with helminths from the sub-order Strongylata + Parascaris, 7%, with a degree of invasion – 395.2 eggs of ematodes of the suborder Strongylata and from 258.4 eggs of P. eguorum in 1 gram of feces. And the animals of the Khamitova RM farm were free from nematodes.
PHYTOSANITARY CONTROL OF CYST NEMATODES IN AGROBIOCENOSIS
Authors: Babich  , Babich
Published: August 2019

In order to prevent the accumulation of the population of cyst nematodes, the saturation of crop rotations by host plants should not exceed: cereal grains – 40%, beets, canola and other oil-bearing cabbage – 20%, perennial grasses – 20%, potatoes – 15%. Growing potatoes in monoculture, and cereal grains in repeated crops or with an annual break, causes an increase in the level of population of the soil of golden potato and oat nematodes. In order to avoid re-placement of related crops, it is advisable to saturate crop rotations with short rotation with intermediate cabbage (oilseed radish, mustard) for green fodder or green manureates with short periods of their growing season. In fields populated with cyst nematodes, it is advisable to give preference to a combined tillage system: combine tail cultivation for industrial and tilled crops with tailless cultivation for other crops. Compliance with a balanced organo-mineral nutrition of agricultural crops is one of the main factors for increasing their endurance to cyst nematodes. The application of phosphate and potash fertilizers in rates exceeding the recommended by 10–25%, optimized the mineral nutrition of plants in the foci of heteroderosis, and also increased their resistance to abiotic stress factors. Attraction of crop production by-products to the circulation had a positive effect on the activation of the vital activity of natural cyst nematode antagonists. Foliar nutrition of potatoes with biovit and non-chlorine universal fertilizer Foliare, as well as the use of growth regulators in the period of the mass appearance of females on nematode roots, increased the adaptability of plants to stressful conditions of different nature.
EPIZOOTIC SITUATION ON INTESTINAL PARASITIC PROTOZOA YOUNG TURKEYS IN POULTRY FARMS IN CENTRAL RUSSIA
Authors: Chalysheva  , Safiullin
Published: August 2019

In addition to positive trends, a lot of problems remain in the modern turkey industry of the country. In the conditions of industrial poultry farming, when a large amount of poultry is contained in a limited area, there is a high risk of parasitic diseases, such as histomonosis, eimeriosis, and cryptosporidiosis. In order to establish an epizootic situation in intestinal parasitic protozoa of young turkeys in the form of diseases: histomonosis (Histomonas meleagridis), cryptosporidiosis (Cryptosporidium baileyi), eimeriosis (Eimeria spp.) Conducted in two specialized turkey farms in Central Russia, the age difference of the same age, the age of the same age. From the floor - for the presence of invasive elements. The results of our research have shown that in industrial poultry farms, young turkeys of different ages are infested with intestinal parasitic protozoa against the background of prescribing coccidiostatics: Eimeria spp. – EI – 5–20%, with a low intensity of invasion; Cryptosporidium baileyi – EI – 10%. In an economy without a clear scheme for prescribing coccidiostatics, infection with Eimeria was EI – 33.3–100%.
EFFICIENCY OF CULTIVATION OF NEMATODE-RESISTENT VARIETY OF POTATO IN THE FOCUS OF GOLDEN POTATO NEMATODES
Authors: Shesteperov  , Lukyanova
Published: August 2019

Tests of nematode-resistant potato variety Crystal were carried out on the garden of the town of Kondrovo, Kaluga region. The use of typical potato cultivation technology for personal subsidiary farms in the center of the golden potato nematode over the 10 year cultivation period has shown a high biological efficiency of the nematode-resistant variety (up to 100%). Complete cleansing of the soil from eggs and larvae of the golden potato nematode with 26,218 ind. up to 0 copies for 10 year cultivation varieties in monoculture. In some years, the biological efficiency of growing nematode-resistant varieties ranged from 18 to 66%, depending on the favorable conditions of the year. Under unfavorable conditions for growing potato plants, when a weak root system was formed, or during deep plowing of the soil, when cysts of golden potato nematodes with viable eggs and larvae were carried to the upper soil horizons, the number of nematodes increased by 36–64%. Cysts of the golden potato nematode, which may belong to different generations and are located in the deep layers of the soil, have been preserved in the soil for up to 14 years. However, viable eggs and larvae completely died for 10 years, which was confirmed by the conducted biotest for the viability and invasiveness of the larvae of the golden potato nematode. With a decrease in the number of golden potato nematodes in the soil, the yield of nematode-resistant varieties of potatoes every year increased from 86 to 414 centners/ha. The economic efficiency of growing nematode-resistant potato varieties for 11 years was 79%. Over the years, it ranged from 6 to 51%.
SEARCH OF THE POSSIBLE FACTORS OF TRANSMISSION OF THE LEUKOSIS VIRUS OF CATTLE BY ENDOBIOTIC WAYS
Authors: Shibitov  , Safiullin  , Kozyreva
Published: August 2019

The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of vertebrates is colonized by an extremely diverse anaerobic microbial community consisting of archaea, bacteria, fungi, and various protozoa. Trichostomic ciliates are among the most characteristic and largest protists of this complex enzymatic association, inhabiting both the anterior and posterior parts of the gastrointestinal tract. The transfer of ciliates – endobionts, occurs more often when animals come into contact with other animals of the herd. Regurgitation in cattle occurs reflexively, regularly and frequently, while a significant number of ciliates penetrate the oral cavity. In most ruminants, such social behavior as grooming involves licking the muzzle and sometimes the oral cavity of relatives, with some ciliates being transferred from the mouth of one animal to the mouth of another and soon swallowed. According to the results of PCR-studies of endobiotic ciliates from the rumen of cows for the presence of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) in them, a negative result was obtained in all samples. Thus, in a homogenized material consisting of different types of ciliates from 12 cows that were spontaneously infected, a PCR methods was obtained negative for the presence of the genetic material of bovine leukemia virus. In our opinion, the data obtained do not completely disprove the hypothesis of endobiotic transmission of BLV due to the relatively small sample of carrier animals and insufficient improvement of the PCR diagnostic method, and these studies should be continued using a larger number of infected with BLV animals and different diagnostic methods.
THERAPEUTIC AND COST EFFICIENCY ANTHELMINTICS IVERSEKTA AND FENBENDAZOLE AT OESOPHAGOSTOMOSIS OF SHEEP IN JOINT PROJECT COMPANY OF PZ "LENINSKY PUT"
Authors: Shishkarev  , Malunov
Published: August 2019

Researches were carried out on 30 ram hogs and ewe hogs of 9–10 months age in the farm of SEC PZ “Leninsky put” of the Ivanovo region. For this purpose, sheep were divided into three groups of 10 animals each and dewormed. Animals of the first experimental group were treated with fenbendazole, once, orally with food at 22 mg / kg of AI, the second experimental group - with Iversect, at a dose of 1 ml / 50 kg of animal body weight (subcutaneously in the neck, once). Animals of the third group served as controls and were not exposed to anthelmintic treatment. During the experiment, all animals were kept in the same conditions. All studies were conducted the day before and 14 days after drug administration. All the studied animals before treatment with their preparations were infected with esophagostomas, respectively, EI = 100% in both test groups. In the first group, the total number of eggs by esophagost in 3 g of faeces – 74 individuals, therefore, the intensity of invasion is 7.4 individuals / goal. 14 days after treatment, no esophagostum was detected in any animals previously treated in feces. Consequently, the extensiveness from the use of fenbendazol is 100%. The second group of animals was used iversect subcutaneously, in the neck area at a dose of 1 ml per 50 kg of animal weight, once. The result was taken into account 14 days after treatment. Before processing, the total number of eggs by esophagostomy in feces is 79 copies, therefore, the intensity of invasion was 7.9 copies / goal. 14 days after the treatment, eggs were found in feces - 1 copy, it follows that EI = 10% (100% - 90% = 10%), and EE was 90%. Therapeutic efficacy with fenbendazole was higher (EE = 100%), than – iverspecta (90%), and economic efficiency – by 1 ruble of expenses is approximately the same: fenbendazol – 15.1 rubles, iversekt – 14.9 rubles. Therefore, we recommend the use of fenbendazol in a dose of 22 mg / kg according to the AI of body weight of the animal once, in a group method.
FAUNA OF ZOOPHILOUS FLIES ON POULTRY FARMS OF THE IVANOVO REGION
Authors: Shishkarev  , Malunov
Published: August 2019

Be conducted researches in two poultry-farming enterprises with a different technology of cultivation of birds. Collecting an imagos of flies was carried out at cage keeping of laying hens in LLC “Milan” and while keeping broilers on a deep constant laying in JSC “Ivanovsky broiler”. For establishment of presence of flies, their quantitative and specific assessment, together with veterinary service of poultry farms, hen houses with negative indicators of a sanitary condition of internal objects were defined. In each room traps in the form of adhesive tapes and traps baits were placed. For collecting an imago of flies in natural biotopes and in the territory of poultry farms used gauze "traps boxes" with a bait. Collecting and calculation of insects carried out in rooms, in the territory of poultry farms and in natural biotopes. Species composition and structure of fauna of zoophilous flies in the territory of poultry farms of the Ivanovo region is defined. The fauna of flies is provided by 21 species which belong to 7 families. In the specific relation the most numerous families appeared the Muscidae family including 7 types and the Calliphoridae family including 7 types respectively. The greatest faunistic similarity is observed between zoophilous flies in natural biotopes and in the territory of LLC “Milan” poultry farm (95.2%), and the smallest – between flies in natural biotopes and in premises of LLC “Milan” poultry farm (80.5%). Features of the development cycle of representatives of these species, low sanitary indicators, non-observance of sanitary and zoo-hygienic standards for poultry keeping, untimely cleaning of feed and waste, as well as the optimal temperature-humidity ratio make it possible for these species to multiply almost all year round.
DETERMINATION OF THE TOLERABILITY OF THE DRUG "OPHTHALMECTIN" ON CALVES
Authors: Bespalova  , Grigorieva
Published: August 2019

Cattle thelaziosises are helminthic diseases caused by the parasitization of the Spirurata nematodes of the Thelaziidae family. The course of the disease is characterized by the development of conjunctivitis, keratoconjunctivitis and corneal ulcer, which, in the absence of adequate treatment leads to loss of vision in animals and their culling. The complex drugs are shown high therapeutic efficacy in the fight against this invasion. One of them is ophthalmectin - a safe and highly effective drug based on ivermectin and azithromycin. The aim of the study was to study the acceptability (safety) of ophthalmectin for target animal species. The experiment was carried out on 24 healthy calves of red-and-white breed belonging to "Agrosvet" CHSC of Kashirskiy district of Voronezh region. The investigated drug was once injected into the cavity of the conjunctival sac from 0.5 g (therapeutic dose) to 2.0 g. The drug was not injected to the calves of the control group. The toxic effect of ophthalmectin was assessed by clinical condition of animals, morphological and biochemical parameters of blood. Throughout the study pulse rate, numbers of respiratory movements, number of cardial impulse, rumen contraction were within the limits of physiological norm for this type of animals. Single use of the drug in the investigated doses did not lead to changes in morphological and biochemical parameters of calf blood. As a result of the study of ophthalmectin acceptability (safety) in target animals it was found out that injection of the drug once in the cavity of the conjunctival sac of the eye of calves in the therapeutic dose of 0.5 g and four times more does not affect to the condition of animals and is well tolerated by them.
A Poetics of Global Trolling
Authors: Saussy Haun
Published: August 2019

Plato’s characterization of speech genres insists that lyric poetry must be uttered by the poet speaking as him- or herself, a demand often occurring in the history of poetic theories around the world. The grammatical person of the speaker is easily confused or hijacked, however, as accounts of fictionality or insincerity remind us. Widespread social media that influence large numbers of people otherwise unknown to each other are particularly susceptible to such appropriation. Trolling, formerly a merely disruptive communicative behaviour, has achieved global prominence through the use of bots or virtual electronic subjects to which embodied human subjects attribute feeling and agency. This is the “global poetics” of today. The age-old tension between lyric and drama continues.
An American-European Road Not Taken, or Opportunity Lost?Areitos, Pictographs, and History: Poetics and Politics
Authors: Reiss Timothy J.
Published: August 2019

From late fifteenth- to late sixteenth-century Europe, travellers and intellectuals from Iberia, Italy, France, and England (at least) were dazzled by the so-called areitos of the Caribbean and mainland Americas. Most held them to be a public-performed poetry/song that kept peoples’ history, spirituality, and shared culture alive in ways lost to contemporary European elites but known to the ancients and folk life. Many yearned to transfer such usage from the Americas to Europe, even to integrate them into a European poetics and historiography. This was all the more so because the areitos seemed linked to pictorial and pictographic practice, seeming to recall notably those Egyptian hieroglyphs that had fascinated the same European scholars since the mid-fifteenth century. This moment of possible Americo-European transculturation stayed alive throughout the sixteenth century, but it did not survive it in any meaningful way.
Midiativismo em rede: Twitter e as críticas aos meios de comunicação tradicionais em um sistema híbrido de comunicação
Authors: Santos Nina Fernandes dos , Almada Maria Paula
Published: August 2019

Este artigo propõe uma discussão sobre a relação entre o uso do Twitter durante as manifestações de 2013 no Brasil e a reconfiguração do sistema de comunicação. Partimos dos conceitos de sistema híbrido de comunicação e de midiativismo para entender o uso das mídias sociais como parte de um ambiente comunicacional mais amplo e que se modifica com a presença destas novas mídias. Em seguida analisamos um corpus de 6.256 tweets que citam os meios de comunicação tradicionais para compreender a forma esses meios são mencionados na conversação online.
As aporias do tempo borgeano
Authors: Freitas Gabriela
Published: August 2019

Como acolher, em um só instante, a experiência do momento e a memória? A fotografia, ao reter uma determinada fração do tempo e do espaço, cria uma imagem de mundo a partir da qual é possível engendrar inúmeras narrativas que remetem a experiências de temporalidades diversas, intensificando a ambígua relação entre real e ficção. É no âmbito da narrativa, especialmente na obra de Jorge Luís Borges, que encontramos a possibilidade de fundir os tempos histórico e ficcional, aparentemente contraditórios, e nos aproximarmos de uma compreensão do instante na qual, a partir de uma experiência do devir, oscilante entre o tempo cronológico e o tempo poético, seja possível unir o que a especulação científica separa. Para Ricœur só há tempo pensado quando há tempo narrado, pois só a poética da narrativa conseguiria abarcar as aporias do tempo.
Crowdlaw: inteligência coletiva e processos legislativos
Authors: Noveck Beth Simone
Published: August 2019

Nesse ensaio, examinamos o processo de crowdlaw, nomeadamente como as câmaras municipais, localmente e parlamentos, regional e nacionalmente, estão utilizando as tecnologias para engajar cidadãos em todas as etapas do processo de elaboração de políticas e leis. Temos a intenção de demonstrar que crowdlaw traz consigo a promessa de aprimorar a qualidade e a efetividade dos resultados obtidos, viabilizando a interação dos formuladores de políticas com um público mais ampliado, utilizando métodos desenhados para servir as necessidades tanto de instituições quanto de indivíduos.
Desert shield bug Brachynema germarii (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) is found in the south of Eastern Siberia, Russia
Authors: Vinokurov N.N. , Dubatolov V.V.
Published: August 2019

In the south of Eastern Siberia, the widespread desert bug Brachynema germarii (Kolenati, 1846) from the family Pentatomidae was found. The species was collected at light in the Trans-Baikal Territory in the Daurian State Nature Reserve not far from the border with Mongolia and in a building in the south of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, where it was probably brought from the Tyva Republic.
The Comparison of Neutropenia and Peripheral Neuropathy Condition as an Impact of 3-hours and 24-hour Paclitaxel Infusion of Paclitaxel-Carboplatin Chemotherapy on Ovarian Cancer Patients
Authors: Perbowo Primandono , Askandar Brahmana , Soebady Ratna , Bashory Ahcmad
Published: August 2019

This study is aimed to compare the difference of neutropenia with peripheral neuropathy condition, after administration of 3 hours and 24 hours Paclitaxel infusion in adjuvant therapy with Paclitaxel­Carboplatin toward patient with ovarian carcinoma. The method that used was experimental research with samples randomized after consecutively recruited based on inclusive criteria. Before and every after chemotherapy, NCS was performed and differential count laboratories’ test and then analysed with T­test and Chi­square test. The result showed that from three times administration of 3 hours Paclitaxel­Carboplatin infusion group, the neutropenia condition after first up to third chemotherapy was 20 %, 30 %, 30 %, and the peripheral neuropathy condition was 30 %, 60 %, 50 % respectively. Meanwhile, in 24 hours Paclitaxel­Carboplatin infusion group, the incident of neutropenia after first up to third chemotherapy was 40 %, 50 %, 40 %, and the incident of peripheral neuropathy was 20 %, 20 %, 20 % respectively. The statistic result was p > 0.05. Hence, there was no significant difference in neutropenia and peripheral neuropathy incident on two study group.