bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analytical and numerical investigations of mixing fluids in microchannel systems of different geometrical configurations
Authors: Shanbhag Vikram V. , Mukherjee Joydeb , Pandit Aniruddha Bhalchandra
Published: May 2022

This work presents theoretical and numerical studies related to micromixing phenomena using two different shapes of microchannel systems (i.e., X‐ and Y‐shaped, respectively). In this study, we consider a system that consists of a primary fluid, an aqueous phase (Fluid A), and a secondary fluid (distributed phase), Rhodamine B, in water (Fluid B). In this study, a two‐dimensional closed‐form generalized analytical model is developed and solved using the method of separation variables to understand the fluid flow mixing behaviour under the influence of a convective–diffusive mass transport process. In addition, numerical simulations are also performed by solving the continuity, momentum, and mass transport equations for the two proposed microchannel systems under different flow conditions to understand the relative effects on micromixing phenomena resulting from the convection and diffusion mass transport. Results obtained from the numerical simulations evaluate the mixing performance by varying the inlet flow velocity of the secondary fluid stream (Fluid B: Rhodamine B in water). The numerical result in terms of the radial concentration distribution profile as a function of channel width based on the operating Reynolds number by varying inlet feed flow velocity (Fluid B) shows that more effective mixing has been carried out by the X‐shaped microchannel compared to the Y‐shaped microchannel. Moreover, the proposed generalized analytical model was validated with the obtained numerical results in terms of the normalized concentration distribution as a function of the normalized channel width. A good agreement between the analytical and obtained numerical results ( for both shapes of microchannel systems has been observed.
Calcium looping carbon capture: Progress and prospects
Authors: Hashemi Seyed Mojtaba , Sedghkerdar Mohammad Hashem , Mahinpey Nader
Published: May 2022

Carbon capture and utilization/storage is an integral part of a smooth transition to a net‐zero energy portfolio. The distinctive advantages of the calcium looping (CaL) process, including low‐cost and high‐theoretical uptake capacity, make it a promising approach for the decarbonization of fossil fuel power plants and carbon‐intensive industries, including cement and steel. CaL exploits the reversible reaction of CO2 with CaO to capture and release carbon dioxide in a cyclic process. This paper reviews the fundamentals of the CaL process, the kinetics of the carbonation reaction, and extensive research on the development of sorbent materials with high durability for use in the CaL process. Various optimizing strategies for the improvement of the stability and CO2 uptake capacity of materials are outlined. Lastly, an overview of bench‐ and pilot‐scale testing facilities around the world is provided. The characteristics, operating conditions, and the main experimental findings of the testing facilities are summarized.
An elastic recommender process for cloud service recommendation scalability
Authors: Qi Rui‐dong , Zhou Jian‐tao , Wang Zhuowei , Song Xiaoyu
Published: May 2022

Cloud computing services are ubiquitous in society and cloud recommender systems play a crucial role in intelligently selecting services for cloud users. Currently, recommendations are static with low scalability. Only one recommendation list is generated at a time and the recommender strategy in the recommendation cycle is not adjustable. This paper presents a new elastic recommender process (ERP) for cloud users. A Markov model is used to characterize the dynamic relationship between different user states. The ERP generates an elastic recommendation that can be used to dynamically adjust the recommender strategy to meet the user's needs based on their browsing records in the current service cycle without the recommender system's involvement. Experimental results show that the ERP improves the effectiveness of the recommender thus increasing the accuracy and diversity of its recommendations.
A new meta‐heuristic approach for load aware‐cost effective workflow scheduling
Authors: Ram Satya Deo Kumar , Srivastava Shashank , Mishra Krishn Kumar
Published: May 2022

Workflow scheduling is an important way to manage the execution of a workflow. It introduces the concept of providing suitable resources to workflow tasks in order to finish workflow execution and meet the user's objectives. However, the problem becomes more complex when scheduling must balance two conflicting objectives, such as minimizing execution cost and maximizing load across all computing resources. A workflow has many interdependent tasks, and the cloud datacenter has many computing resources to execute the workflow. There can be an asymptotically infinite number of mappings of tasks‐to‐computing resources. Every mapping produces different execution costs with different workloads on computing resources. The main challenge for the researcher is to develop an intelligent scheduling algorithm to identify an optimal mapping that produces minimal execution cost with fair workload distribution on resources. We developed a novel meta‐heuristic algorithm named Investment‐Based Optimization (IBO) to identify an optimal mapping. The IBO algorithm was first tested on optimization benchmark functions and then simulated in CloudSim to see its performance for scheduling workflows. Finally, IBO was tested over Montage, Epigenomics, Sipht, and a sample workflow, and it was found that IBO reduces execution costs by 33%, 16%, 16.36%, and 20% with a fair workload distribution.
Self‐report measures of secure attachment in adulthood: A systematic review
Authors: Justo‐Núñez Miranda , Morris Lydia , Berry Katherine
Published: May 2022

Background

Secure attachment in adulthood is associated with many markers of adaptive functioning. Valid and reliable self‐report measures of attachment security could provide a practical tool to help advance strengths‐based research and clinical work. Previous reviews have not specifically examined the psychometric properties of self‐report instruments with respect to secure attachment or systematically appraised the methodological quality of relevant validation studies.

Method

A systematic review was completed in accordance with the COSMIN guidelines for reviews of patient‐reported outcome measures. The methodological quality of individual studies was evaluated, and results were rated against criteria for good measurement properties.

Results

A total of 40 studies were included in the review, which collectively reported on 24 self‐report instruments. The methodological quality of individual studies was variable, and no single instrument was identified as having sufficient evidence of a range of psychometric properties. However, the Attachment Style Questionnaire‐Short Form (ASQ‐SF), the Cartes‐Modèles Individuels de Relations (CAMIR), Cartes‐Modèles Individuels de Relations‐Reduced (CAMIR‐R), and the Psychological Treatment Inventory‐Attachment Style Scales (PTI‐ASS) had the most robust evidence for the properties assessed.

Conclusion

Existing self‐report measures assessing adult secure attachment have limited psychometric support. More methodologically robust studies of content validity, reliability, measurement invariance, and construct validity in particular are needed.
Do circular economy practices affect corporate performance? Evidence from Italian large‐sized manufacturing firms
Authors: Mazzucchelli Alice , Chierici Roberto , Del Giudice Manlio , Bua Ilenia
Published: May 2022

In recent years, corporate social responsibility has become the most outstanding challenges for firms and circular economy has emerged as an innovative business model able to transform corporate social responsibility into actions. Even if by adopting such a strategic model firms could enhance their performance, results continue to be mixed and unclear. The aim of the paper is twofold. First, the study investigates the effect of three circular economy practices (waste treatment, reduction and recycling), on brand reputation and financial performance. Second, the study tests the role of brand reputation in mediating the relationship between circular economy practices and financial performance. The findings highlight the crucial role of 3Rs practices and of brand reputation in enhancing firm performance. This paper contributes to a better understanding on the relationship between circular economy practices, as sustainable strategic and managerial practices, and firm performance, in both marketing and financial terms. Moreover, it sheds light on circular economy implementation and its effect at the firm level, by analyzing managers perceptions on how firms and policy makers have to incorporate the circular economy concept in their sustainability agenda.
Young forests and fire: Using lidar–imagery fusion to explore fuels and burn severity in a subalpine forest reburn
Authors: Braziunas Kristin H. , Abendroth Diane C. , Turner Monica G.
Published: May 2022

Anticipating fire behavior as climate change and fire activity accelerate is an increasingly pressing management challenge in fire‐prone landscapes. In subalpine forests adapted to infrequent, stand‐replacing fire, self‐limitation of burn severity in short‐interval fire is incompletely understood. Spatially explicit fuels data can support assessments of landscape‐scale fire risk and fuel feedbacks on burn severity. For a ~1450‐km2largely forested landscape in the US Northern Rocky Mountains, we used airborne lidar and imagery to predict and map canopy and surface fuels. In a fire that burned mature (>125‐year‐old) and also reburned young (~30‐year‐old) subalpine forest, we then asked: (1) How do prefire fuels and burn severity compare between young and mature forests that burned under similar fire weather conditions? (2) How well do prefire fuels and forest structure predict burn severity under extreme versus moderate fire weather? Lidar–imagery fusion predicted fuel characteristics with high accuracy across forest and shrubland vegetation. Young postfire forests had abundant, densely packed canopy fuels, and both young and mature forests had similar canopy fuel loads and coarse wood biomass. Under similar weather conditions, young and mature forests burned at similar severity. Overall, fuels were weak predictors of burn severity and, surprisingly, better predicted severity under extreme rather than moderate fire weather. Our findings are relevant for subalpine landscapes increasingly dominated by young lodgepole pine (Pinus contortavar.latifolia) forests vulnerable to short‐interval fire and provide a benchmark to assess how fuels influence burn severity in future fires. Fire managers should continually reassess fuels and update expectations about fire behavior as landscapes change. Although recovering postfire forests can limit fire spread and severity for a period of time, our results suggest that young subalpine forests in the Northern Rocky Mountains have sufficient fuel loads to burn at high severity and should not be considered effective fire breaks.
Acute resource pulses from periodical cicadas propagate to belowground food webs but do not affect tree performance
Authors: Setälä Heikki , Szlavecz Katalin , Pullen Jamie D. , Parker John D. , Huang Yumei , Chang Chih‐Han
Published: May 2022

Acute resource pulses can have dramatic legacies for organismal growth, but the legacy effects of resource pulses on broader aspects of community structure and ecosystem processes are less understood. Mass emergence of periodical cicadas (Magicicadaspp.) provides an excellent opportunity to shed light on the influence of resource pulses on community and ecosystem dynamics: the adults emerge every 13 or 17 years in vast numbers over much of eastern North America, with a smaller but still significant number becoming incorporated into forest food webs. To study the potential effects of such arthropod resource pulse on primary production and belowground food webs, we added adult cicada bodies to the soil surface surrounding sycamore trees and assessed soil carbon and nitrogen concentrations, plant‐available nutrients, abundance and community composition of soil fauna occupying various trophic levels, decomposition rate of plant litter after 50 and 100 days, and tree performance for 4 years. Contrary to previous studies, we did not find significant cicada effects on tree performance despite observing higher plant‐available nutrient levels on cicada addition plots. Cicada addition did change the community composition of soil nematodes and increased the abundance of bacterial‐ and fungal‐feeding nematodes, while plant feeders, omnivores, and predators were not influenced. Altogether, acute resource pulses from decomposing cicadas propagated belowground to soil microbial‐feeding invertebrates and stimulated nutrient mineralization in the soil, but these effects did not transfer up to affect tree performance. We conclude that, despite their influence on soil food web and processes they carry out, even massive resource pulses from arthropods do not necessarily translate to NPP, supporting the view that ephemeral nutrient pulses can be attenuated relatively quickly despite being relatively large in magnitude.
Electrochemical Water Splitting: Bridging the Gaps Between Fundamental Research and Industrial Applications
Authors: Sun Hainan , Xu Xiaomin , Kim Hyunseung , Jung WooChul , Zhou Wei , Shao Zongping
Published: May 2022

Electrochemical water splitting represents one of the most promising technologies to produce green hydrogen, which can help to realize the goal of achieving carbon neutrality. While substantial efforts on a laboratory scale have been made for understanding fundamental catalysis and developing high‐performance electrocatalysts for the two half‐reactions involved in water electrocatalysis, much less attention has been paid to doing relevant research on a larger scale. For example, few such researches have been done on an industrial scale. Herein, we review the very recent endeavors to bridge the gaps between fundamental research and industrial applications for water electrolysis. We begin by introducing the fundamentals of electrochemical water splitting and then present comparisons of testing protocol, figure of merit, catalyst of interest, and manufacturing cost for laboratory and industry‐based water‐electrolysis research. Special attention is paid to tracking the surface reconstruction process and identifying real catalytic species under different testing conditions, which highlight the significant distinctions of corresponding electrochemical reconstruction mechanisms. Advances in catalyst designs for industry‐relevant water electrolysis are also summarized, which reveal the progress of moving the practical applications forward and accelerating synergies between material science and engineering. Perspectives and challenges of electrocatalyst design strategies are proposed finally to further bridge the gaps between lab‐scale research and large‐scale electrocatalysis applications.
Halogen Storage Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Xue Zhiyang , Gao Zhengyuan , Zhao Xiangyu
Published: May 2022

The ever‐increasing demand for rechargeable batteries with high energy density, abundant resources, and high safety has pushed the development of various battery technologies based on cation, anion, or dual‐ion transfer. The use of halogen storage electrode materials has led to new concept battery systems such as halide‐ion batteries (HIB) and dual‐ion batteries (DIB). This review highlights the recent progress on these electrode materials, including metal (oxy)halides, layered double hydroxides, MXenes, graphite‐based materials, and organic materials with carbon or nitrogen redox centers. The reversible electrochemical halogen storage of halide ions (e.g., F−, Cl−, and Br−), dual halogen (e.g., BrmCln and [ICl2]−), or binary halide anions (e.g., PF6−, AlCl4−, [ZnClx]2−x, and [MgClx]2−x) in the electrodes is covered. The challenges and mechanisms of halogen storage in various electrode materials in HIBs and DIBs are summarized and analyzed, providing insights into the development of high‐performance halogen storage electrode materials for rechargeable batteries.
Phenylacetylglutamine as a risk factor and prognostic indicator of heart failure
Authors: Zong Xiao , Fan Qin , Yang Qian , Pan Roubai , Zhuang Lingfang , Tao Rong
Published: May 2022

Aims

To explore the associations between serum phenylacetylglutamine (PAGln) and chronic heart failure (HF).

Methods and results

Totally 956 subjects were enrolled consecutively from the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital. Baseline data were obtained from all participants, and 471 stable chronic HF subjects were followed up. Serum PAGln was analysed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The association between PAGln and basic renal indicators was assessed by simple correlation analysis. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to measure the association between PAGln and HF risk. Event‐free survival was determined by Kaplan–Meier curves, and differences in survival were assessed using log‐rank tests. Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to assess the prognostic value of PAGln in HF. Serum PAGln levels were increased in patients with chronic HF (3.322 ± 8.220 μM vs. 1.249 ± 1.168 μM, P < 0.001) and were associated with HF after full adjustment [odds ratio (OR), 1.507; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.213–1.873; P < 0.001]. PAGln levels were correlated with the levels of basic renal indicators. High PAGln levels indicated a high risk of renal dysfunction in HF (OR: 1.853; 95% CI: 1.344–2.556; P < 0.001), and elevated PAGln levels were associated with a high risk of cardiovascular death in patients with chronic HF (HR: 2.049; 95% CI: 1.042–4.029; P = 0.038).

Conclusions

Elevated PAGln levels are an independent risk factor for HF and are associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular death. High PAGln levels could indicate renal dysfunction in HF patients. PAGln can be a valuable indicator of HF.
Research on the remaining useful life prediction method of lithium‐ion batteries based on aging feature extraction and multi‐kernel relevance vector machine optimization model
Authors: Qiu Jing‐Song , Fan Yong‐Cun , Wang Shun‐Li , Yang Xiao , Qiao Jia‐Lu , Liu Dong‐Lei
Published: May 2022

Lithium‐ion batteries are used in a wide range of applications due to their cleanliness and stability, and the health management of lithium‐ion batteries has become a necessity. The most important aspect of health management is the prediction of the remaining useful life (RUL) of the battery. Therefore, a RUL estimation model based on the aging factor of the charging process and an improved multi‐kernel relevance vector machine is proposed in order to achieve high accuracy estimation of the RUL of lithium‐ion batteries. First, eight aging features highly correlated with lithium‐ion batteries capacity degradation are extracted based on charging current, voltage, and temperature data, then, their correlation is proved using gray relation analysis. Secondly, the improved gray wolf constrained optimization algorithm is used to determine the kernel function combination coefficients of the multi‐kernel relevance vector machine, and the RUL prediction model of the improved multi‐kernel relevance vector machine is established. Finally, using the battery dataset from NASA, aging data of three datasets, 24°C, 43°C, and 4°C, with a total of 11 batteries, were selected for validation. The validation results show that the improved multi‐kernel relevance vector machine prediction model has higher prediction accuracy and more robust long‐term prediction capability, with RUL prediction error less than 10 cycles and MAE less than 0.05, both of which are better than that of the single‐kernel relevance vector machine model and other multi‐kernel relevance vector machine models.
Investigation of degradation characteristics of electron irradiated GaInP/InGaAs/Ge solar cell by numerical simulation model
Authors: Zhang Weinan , Aierken Abuduwayiti , Zhuang Yu , Wang Bing , Fang Liang , Zhang Shuyi , Zhang Daoyong , Yang Xin , Song Qiaogang , Wang Tingbao
Published: May 2022

The degradation characteristics of lattice‐matched (LM) GaInP/InGaAs/Ge solar cell under 1 MeV electron irradiation are numerically simulated using APSYS finite element analysis software and Essential Macleod Program. Main output parameters of solar cells are simulated based on the material energy band, minority carrier lifetime, and interface surface recombination velocity. The results show that the adverse effects of the displacement damages in solar cell materials induced by irradiation are the primary reasons for overall cell performance degradation. The minority carrier lifetime degraded mostly in InGaAs middle subcell after irradiation, and it became to the current‐limiting unit in the end‐of‐life condition. The simulation results of the current‐voltage curves and the external quantum efficiency spectra are well agreed with the irradiation experimental data under similar conditions. Furthermore, an approach to radiation hardening of LM GaInP/InGaAs/Ge solar cell by adjusting the base and emitter layer thickness in the InGaAs middle subcell is proposed based on this model.
Electrochemical synthesis of tunable polypyrrole‐based composites on carbon fabric for wide potential window aqueous supercapacitor
Authors: Yazar Sibel , Atun Gülten
Published: May 2022

Facile one‐step electrochemical synthesis of a novel graphitic oxide/polypyrrole/2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanesulfonic acid composite on carbon fabric were described for development of an efficient positive electrode for supercapacitor applications. The 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanesulfonate monomers behave as dopant in 3D polypyrrole network formed by synergetic coupling with graphitic oxide. Their free acrylic groups interact with each other to form polymer‐hydrogel‐layer on the external surface that facilitate transport of aqueous electrolyte ions inside of the electrode. The most efficient electrode material was synthesized by tuning dopant concentration at 0.01 M. The full‐cell assembled using the composite electrode and graphite counter electrode works at 2.2 V in 3 M NaCl solution that equals to the highest values achieved yet for aqueous supercapacitors. This cell has a capacitance as high as 698.8 F g−1 at 5 mV s−1 and preserves its initial value even after 10 000 continuous CV cycles at 1000 mV s−1. It also exhibits a high‐energy density of 446.1 W h kg−1 at a power density of 366.7 W kg−1, and it is still 65.2 W h kg−1 at 18.3 kW kg−1. The asymmetric capacitor with 1 × 1 cm2 area successfully lit a red light‐emitting diode.
Secure cloud‐based data storage scheme using postquantum integer lattices‐based signcryption for IoT applications
Authors: Dharminder Dharminder , Kumar Uddeshaya , Das Ashok Kumar , Bera Basudeb , Giri Debasis , Jamal Sajjad Shaukat , Rodrigues Joel J. P. C.
Published: May 2022

The primary objective of postquantum cryptography (also known as quantum‐resistant cryptography) is to develop the cryptographic systems that need to be robust against both quantum and classical computers, and can also interoperate with the existing communications protocols and networks. In an Internet of Things (IoT) environment, the communicated messages contain sensitive information that are transmitted over an open channel, where message integrity and data privacy become challenging tasks. Although several traditional cryptographic security protocols can be applied for IoT security and data privacy, such as authentication, access control, key agreement, and digital signature, but they are not resilient against quantum attacks. To overcome these issues, in this article, we first present an advanced and efficient construction of postquantum lattice‐based signcryption scheme, and then apply the constructed lattice‐based signcryption in IoT applications, where data sensed by the deployed IoT smart devices is securely stored at the cloud, via the gateway nodes (aggregators). The data stored at the cloud servers cannot be even modified by them due to the involved signatures generated by the aggregators. The formal security analysis shows the robustness of our designed lattice‐based signcryption scheme. Other detailed information security analysis and a performance analysis with the traditional number‐theoretical based public key cryptosystems show the efficacy, and significantly better security and functionality features of the proposed scheme under the lattice‐based postquantum context.
Basement fault control on the extensional process of a basin: A case study from the Cambrian–Silurian of the Sichuan Basin, South‐west China
Authors: Li Gen , Li Zhong‐Quan , Li Dian , Liu Heng‐Lin , Su Gui‐Ping , Yan Shan
Published: May 2022

The Sichuan Basin, located on the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, is an intracontinental basin that developed in the Yangtze Block. The Cambrian–Silurian strata in this basin have enormous exploration potential in terms of natural gas, but their structural evolution during the Cambrian–Silurian remains controversial. Based on wells, seismic profiles, aeromagnetic data, and previous research results, this study investigated the structures related to the Leshan–Longnvsi palaeo‐uplift and the activity of the Cambrian–Silurian basement faults, revealing the activity of the extensional process during the Cambrian–Silurian. The results of this study were as follows: (1) the flattening of the bottom of the Permian strata in seismic profiles located in the Leshan–Longnvsi palaeo‐uplift revealed a large number of normal faults, grabens, and horsts in the Cambrian–Silurian strata, indicating that the Leshan–Longnvsi palaeo‐uplift was an extensional structure during the Cambrian–Silurian period; (2) balanced cross‐sections and strata isopach maps showed that all seven basement faults in the basin were normal faults during the Cambrian–Silurian; (3) Sichuan Basin was in an extensional setting during the Cambrian–Silurian; (4) seven basement faults controlled the extensional process during the Cambrian–Silurian in the Sichuan Basin.
In vivo structural connectome of arousal and motor brainstem nuclei by 7 Tesla and 3 Tesla MRI
Authors: García‐Gomar María Guadalupe , Singh Kavita , Cauzzo Simone , Bianciardi Marta
Published: May 2022

Brainstem nuclei are key participants in the generation and maintenance of arousal, which is a basic function that modulates wakefulness/sleep, autonomic responses, affect, attention, and consciousness. Their mechanism is based on diffuse pathways ascending from the brainstem to the thalamus, hypothalamus, basal forebrain and cortex. Several arousal brainstem nuclei also participate in motor functions that allow humans to respond and interact with the surrounding through a multipathway motor network. Yet, little is known about the structural connectivity of arousal and motor brainstem nuclei in living humans. This is due to the lack of appropriate tools able to accurately visualize brainstem nuclei in conventional imaging. Using a recently developed in vivo probabilistic brainstem nuclei atlas and 7 Tesla diffusion‐weighted images (DWI), we built the structural connectome of 18 arousal and motor brainstem nuclei in living humans (n = 19). Furthermore, to investigate the translatability of our findings to standard clinical MRI, we acquired 3 Tesla DWI on the same subjects, and measured the association of the connectome across scanners. For both arousal and motor circuits, our results showed high connectivity within brainstem nuclei, and with expected subcortical and cortical structures based on animal studies. The association between 3 Tesla and 7 Tesla connectivity values was good, especially within the brainstem. The resulting structural connectome might be used as a baseline to better understand arousal and motor functions in health and disease in humans.
Assessing the efficacy of offline water storage ponds for natural flood management
Authors: Lockwood Tamsin , Freer Jim , Michaelides Katerina , Brazier Richard E. , Coxon Gemma
Published: May 2022

Land use changes, landscape modifications and changing climate have resulted in local to regional flood risk increases in recent decades. As an alternative to traditional engineering approaches, there has been a movement towards catchment‐based flood risk management, a subset of which is natural flood management (NFM). NFM aims to enhance flood resilience through the slowing and storing of runoff and flow, based on the restoration and augmentation of hydrological and morphological catchment features. However, despite research highlighting their potential benefits, there is a limited quantity of robust and science‐based empirical evidence on how these structures function in the landscape and their efficacy in reducing flood hazards. To address this knowledge gap and contribute to the growing NFM evidence base, this study evaluates the efficacy of offline water storage ponds for flow attenuation. Two contrasting pond sites in the Tone and Parrett catchment headwaters (SW‐England) were monitored from April 2018 to December 2020 for channel flow, pond volume, and rainfall. Field‐scale, high resolution (1.61 cm spatial support) digital elevation models from Structure‐from‐Motion and manual surveys were collected to quantify pond dynamics and connectivity. A comprehensive, storm definition methodology was developed for event separation, to enable quantification of the impact of pond behaviour on stream flow, across storm hydrographs. Results show that where offline ponds function as designed, with direct pond filling from the channel, peak flow attenuation can reach 7% (maximum event AEP of 83%). Smaller events, where pond filling occurs directly from rainfall or runoff display only a maximum of 3% peak flow reduction (event AEP from 83% –>99%). The ability of ponds to attenuate flow is heavily reliant on sufficient structural conditions for ponds to fill directly from the channel and to drain slowly following event peaks. This study provides an empirical database for future NFM applications, including key criteria for future design and for use as observational data in modelling applications, by upscaling the efficacy of ponds to reduce flood impacts at larger scales.
Deep learning based short‐term load forecasting incorporating calendar and weather information
Authors: Jiang Weiwei
Published: May 2022

Short‐term load forecasting has been an important approach for economical and sustainable power systems. Various methods have been proposed for obtaining an accurate forecasting result, among which deep learning models achieve state‐of‐the‐art performance. While external factors have been considered in the modeling of the load forecasting process, there is a lack of comparison between the effect of calendar and weather information. In this letter, a TCN‐based load forecasting model incorporating calendar and weather information is proposed and outperforms three deep learning and four machine learning baselines on an open real‐world load dataset, with and without leveraging the calendar or weather information. It is found that weather information is more helpful for improving the load forecasting performance than calendar information through numerical experiments.
Epistemics of the soul: Epistemic logics in German 18th‐century empirical psychology
Authors: Rydberg Andreas
Published: May 2022

This article examines epistemic logics in 18th‐century German empirical psychology and distinguishes three basic patterns at play throughout the century. First, as empirical psychology was introduced in the 1720s, it relied on the Aristotelian‐scholastic conception of experience as universal and evidently true propositions of how things typically behave in nature. Empirical psychology was here a matter of defining and demonstrating the general nature, structure, and functions of the soul by referring to experiences that most people could recognize as universally and evidently true. Second, around midcentury this logic was challenged as a new generation of philosopher‐physicians launched an empirical psychology based on extraordinary medical cases. Rather than focusing on the general and universal, this new strand of case‐based empirical psychology charted the individual, unique and often abnormal. Third, from the early 1770s, the interest in the individual was complemented by a new discourse on psychological method. Adopting the epistemic techniques developed within natural and experimental philosophy, empirical knowledge of the soul was seen as the result of rigorously conducted singular observations that were frequently repeated and carefully documented and analyzed. Rather than replacing one another sequentially, these three epistemic logics should be understood as cumulative. That is, despite sometimes profound differences, each new logic was layered on top of the existing ones, thereby broadening and increasing the epistemic complexity of empirical psychology.
Global Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity is Unchanged in Bicuspid Aortopathy With Normal Valve Function but Elevated in Patients With Aortic Valve Stenosis: Insights From a 4D Flow MRI Study of 597 Subjects
Authors: Johnson Ethan M.I. , Scott Michael B. , Jarvis Kelly , Allen Bradley , Carr James , Malaisrie S. Christopher , McCarthy Patrick , Mehta Christopher , Fedak Paul W.M. , Barker Alex J. , Markl Michael
Published: May 2022

Background

Aortopathy is common with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV), and underlying intrinsic tissue abnormalities are believed causative. Valve‐mediated hemodynamics are altered in BAV and may contribute to aortopathy and its progression. The contribution of intrinsic tissue defects versus altered hemodynamics to aortopathy progression is not known.

Purpose

To investigate relative contributions of tissue‐innate versus hemodynamics in progression of BAV aortopathy.

Study Type

Retrospective.

Subjects

Four hundred seventy‐three patients with aortic dilatation (diameter ≥40 mm; comprised of 281 BAV with varied AS severity, 192 tricuspid aortic valve [TAV] without AS) and 124 healthy controls. Subjects were 19–91 years (141/24% female).

Field Strength/Sequence

1.5T, 3T; time‐resolved gradient‐echo 3D phase‐contrast (4D flow) MRI.

Assessment

A surrogate measure for global aortic wall stiffness, pulse wave velocity (PWV), was quantified from MRI by standardized, automated technique based on through‐plane flow cross‐correlation maximization. Comparisons were made between BAV patients with aortic dilatation and varying aortic valve stenosis (AS) severity and healthy subjects and aortopathy patients with normal TAV.

Statistical Tests

Multivariable regression, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), Tukey's, student's (t), Mann–Whitney (U) tests, were used with significance levels P < 0.05 or P < 0.01 for post‐hoc Bonferroni‐corrected t/U tests. Bland–Altman and ICC calculations were performed.

Results

Multivariable regression showed age with the most significant association for increased PWV in all groups (increase 0.073–0.156 m/sec/year, R2 = 0.30–48). No significant differences in aortic PWV were observed between groups without AS (P = 0.20–0.99), nor were associations between PWV and regurgitation or Sievers type observed (P = 0.60, 0.31 respectively). In contrast, BAV AS patients demonstrated elevated PWV and a significant relationship for AS severity with increased PWV (covariate: age, R2 = 0.48). BAV and TAV patients showed no association between aortic diameter and PWV (P = 0.73).

Data Conclusion

No significant PWV differences were observed between BAV patients with normal valve function and control groups. However, AS severity and age in BAV patients were directly associated with PWV increases.

Evidence Level

3

Technical Efficacy

Stage 3
Normalization techniques for high‐throughput screening by infrared matrix‐assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Knizner Kevan T. , Bagley Michael C. , Pu Fan , Elsen Nathaniel L. , Williams Jon D. , Muddiman David C.
Published: May 2022

Mass spectrometry (MS) is an effective analytical tool for high‐throughput screening (HTS) in the drug discovery field. Infrared matrix‐assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (IR‐MALDESI) MS is a high‐throughput platform that has achieved analysis times of sub‐seconds‐per‐sample. Due to the high‐throughput analysis speed, methods are needed to increase the analyte signal while decreasing the variability in IR‐MALDESI‐MS analyses to improve data quality and reduce false‐positive hits. The Z‐factor is used as a statistic of assay quality that can be improved by reducing the variation of target ion abundances or increasing signal. Herein we report optimal solvent compositions for increasing measured analyte abundances with direct analysis by IR‐MALDESI‐MS. We also evaluate normalization strategies, such as adding a normalization standard that is similar or dissimilar in structure to the model target drug, to reduce the variability of measured analyte abundances with direct analyses by IR‐MALDESI‐MS in both positive and negative ionization modes.
Sick on the day of the interview? Effects of presenteeism on selection outcomes and the moderating role of raters' perspective‐taking
Authors: Schilpzand Pauline , Restubog Simon Lloyd D. , Chen Yueyang
Published: May 2022

In two experimental studies, we investigate how being sick with a common cold in a selection context influences the appraisals that evaluators form and how, in turn, people appraisal dimensions influence evaluators' hiring recommendations and leadership evaluations. Grounded in people appraisal theory (Cuddy et al., 2008; Fiske et al., 2007), we assess the universal evaluative dimensions of warmth and competence to explain detriments in hiring recommendations and leadership evaluations for applicants with a common cold. Further, we investigate whether a theoretically grounded individual difference variable, namely, the degree to which evaluators take others' perspective, influences the appraisals and subsequent judgments of sick applicants. Results across the two experimental studies, using students and professionals with selection experience, suggest that showing signs of being sick (i.e., presenteeism) had a negative impact on competence appraisals but not warmth appraisals. In addition, attending a job interview while sick had a significantly stronger negative effect on competence appraisals when the rater had a low as opposed to a high level of perspective‐taking. These effects in turn predicted hiring recommendations and leadership evaluations. We discuss the implications of our findings for theory and practice.
Cooking effect on the physicochemical and antioxidant activity of spaghetti added with colored corn flour
Authors: Manzur‐Chávez Angelica , Gayosso‐San Juan Rosa Mareyli , Palma‐Rodríguez Heidi Maria , Montalvo‐González Efigenia , Zamudio‐Flores Paul B. , Vargas‐Torres Apolonio
Published: May 2022

Background

The consumption of fortified food products is a growing trend because of the awareness of consumers about the importance of following a healthy diet. Therefore, the addition of functional compounds in a food matrix such as spaghetti could bring nutritional benefits to the consumer.

Results

Spaghetti pasta was prepared using a mixture of 60% semolina and 40% colored corn flour (CCF), such as blue, red, and yellow corn. Control pasta (P‐SC) was prepared using 100% semolina. The cooking quality, physicochemical, antioxidant, pasting, and color properties of the pasta were evaluated considering the addition of CCF and cooking effect. Chemical composition showed a decrease in protein content and an increase in fiber content due to the addition of CCF into the mixture. Cooked weight, water absorption, cooking loss (CL), thickness, and color parameters (L*, a*, and b*) were affected by the addition of CCF compared to the P‐SC. However, cooking did not affect a* values, while it increased b*. Total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant capacity such as 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrilhidrazilo (DPPH), 2,2'‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), increased due to the addition of CCF to the pasta. A reduction in antioxidant activity was observed after cooking, mainly in the TPC. The pasting temperature of the raw pasta was not affected by CCF, but peak viscosity, breakdown, setback and final viscosity were affected both by the addition of CCF to the pasta and by cooking.

Conclusions

The results demonstrate that pasta added with 40% CCF maintains the quality properties and antioxidant activity, even after the cooking process.
3D Reconstruction of Phonatory Glottal Shape and Volume: Effects of Neuromuscular Activation
Authors: Reddy Neha K. , Schlegel Patrick , Lee Yoonjeong , Chhetri Dinesh K.
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Although phonatory glottal posture and airflow pulse shape affect voice quality, studies to date have been limited by visualization of vocal fold (VF) vibration from a superior view. We performed a 3D reconstruction of VF vibratory motion during phonation from a medial view and assessed the glottal volume waveform and resulting acoustics as a function of neuromuscular stimulation.

Study Design

In vivo canine hemilarynx phonation.

Methods

Across 121 unique combinations of the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) and recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) stimulation, the hemilarynx was excited to the oscillation with airflow. VF medial surface reference points were tracked on high‐speed video, mapped into 3D space, and surface shape was restored using cubic spline interpolation. Glottal surface shape, reconstruction‐based parameters, and glottal volume waveform were calculated. Fundamental frequency (F0), cepstral peak prominence (CPP), and harmonic amplitude (H1‐H2) were measured from high‐quality audio samples.

Results

The glottis was convergent during opening and divergent during closing. Neuromuscular activation changed phonatory glottal shape and reduced glottal volume. Significant reduction in glottal volume and closing quotient were present with SLN stimulation. RLN stimulation significantly increased F0 and CPP and decreased H1‐H2 (constricted glottis), while SLN effects were similar and synergistic with concurrent RLN stimulation.

Conclusion

3D reconstruction of in vivo medial surface vibration revealed effects of laryngeal nerve stimulation on glottal vibratory pattern and acoustic correlates of voice quality. SLN activation resulted in significantly quicker glottal closure per cycle, decreased glottal volume, and higher‐pitched, less breathy, and less noisy voice. RLN had a similar effect on acoustic measures.

Level of Evidence

NA, Basic Science Laryngoscope, 133:357–365, 2023
Natural and anthropogenic controls on lake water‐level decline and evaporation‐to‐inflow ratio in the conterminous United States
Authors: Fergus C. Emi , Brooks J. Renée , Kaufmann Philip R. , Pollard Amina I. , Mitchell Richard , Geldhof G. John , Hill Ryan A. , Paulsen Steven G. , Ringold Paul , Weber Marc
Published: May 2022

Lake water levels are integral to lake function, but hydrologic changes from land and water management may alter lake fluctuations beyond natural ranges. We constructed a conceptual model of multifaceted drivers of lake water levels and evaporation‐to‐inflow ratio (Evap : Inflow). Using a structural equation modeling framework, we tested our model on (1) a national subset of lakes in the conterminous United States with minimal water management to describe natural drivers of lake hydrology and (2) five ecoregional subsets of lakes to explore regional variation in water management effects. Our model fits the national and ecoregional datasets and explained up to 47% of variation in Evap : Inflow, 38% of vertical water level decline, and 79% of horizontal water level decline (littoral exposure). For lakes with minimal water management, Evap : Inflow was related to lake depth (β = −0.31) and surface inflow (β = −0.44); vertical decline was related to annual climate (e.g., precipitation β = −0.18) and water management (β = −0.21); and horizontal decline was largely related to vertical decline (β = 0.73) and lake morphometry (e.g., depth β = −0.18). Anthropogenic effects varied by ecoregion and likely reflect differences in regional water management and climate. In the West, water management indicators were related to greater vertical decline (β = 0.38), whereas in the Midwest, these indicators were related to more stable and full lake levels (β = −0.22) even during drought conditions. National analyses show how human water use interacts with regional climate resulting in contrasting impacts to lake hydrologic variation in the United States.
Testing the usefulness of optical data for zooplankton long‐term monitoring: Taxonomic composition, abundance, biomass, and size spectra from ZooScan image analysis
Authors: Cornils Astrid , Thomisch Karolin , Hase Joanna , Hildebrandt Nicole , Auel Holger , Niehoff Barbara
Published: May 2022

The pelagic ecosystem of the Arctic Ocean is threatened by severe changes such as the reduction in sea‐ice coverage and increased inflow of warmer Atlantic water. The latter is already altering the zooplankton community, highlighting the need for monitoring studies. It is therefore essential to accelerate the taxonomic identification to speed up sample analysis, and to expand the analysis to biomass and size assessments, providing data for modeling efforts. Our case study in Fram Strait illustrates that image‐based analyses with the ZooScan provide abundance data and taxonomic resolutions that are comparable to microscopic analyses and are suitable for zooplankton monitoring purposes in the Arctic. We also show that image analysis allows to differentiate developmental stages of the key species Calanus spp. and Metridia longa and, thus, to study their population dynamics. Our results emphasize that older preserved samples can be successfully reanalyzed with ZooScan. To explore the applicability of image parameters for calculating total mesozooplankton and Calanus spp. biomasses, we used (1) conversion factors (CFs) translating wet mass to dry mass (DM), and (2) length–mass (LM) relationships. For Calanus spp., the calculated biomass values yielded similar results as direct DM measurements. Total mesozooplankton biomass ranged between 1.6 and 15 (LM) or 2.4 and 21 (CF) g DM m−2, respectively, which corresponds to previous studies in Fram Strait. Ultimately, a normalized biomass size spectra analysis provides 1st insights into the mesozooplankton size structure at different depths, revealing steep slopes in the linear fit in communities influenced by Atlantic water inflow.