bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A deep learning-based cascade algorithm for pancreatic tumor segmentation
Authors: Qiu Dandan , Ju Jianguo , Ren Shumin , Zhang Tongtong , Tu Huijuan , Tan Xin , Xie Fei
Published: August 2024

Pancreatic tumors are small in size, diverse in shape, and have low contrast and high texture similarity with surrounding tissue. As a result, the segmentation model is easily confused by complex and changeable background information, leading to inaccurate positioning of small targets and false positives and false negatives. Therefore, we design a cascaded pancreatic tumor segmentation algorithm. In the first stage, we use a general multi-scale U-Net to segment the pancreas, and we exploit a multi-scale segmentation network based on non-local localization and focusing modules to segment pancreatic tumors in the second stage. The non-local localization module learns channel and spatial position information, searches for the approximate area where the pancreatic tumor is located from a global perspective, and obtains the initial segmentation results. The focusing module conducts context exploration based on foreground features (or background features), detects and removes false positive (or false negative) interference, and obtains more accurate segmentation results based on the initial segmentation. In addition, we design a new loss function to alleviate the insensitivity to small targets. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can more accurately locate pancreatic tumors of different sizes, and the Dice coefficient outperforms the existing state-of-the-art segmentation model. The code will be available at https://github.com/HeyJGJu/Pancreatic-Tumor-SEG.
Research hotspots and trend of glioblastoma immunotherapy: a bibliometric and visual analysis
Authors: Lv Keren , Du Xue , Chen Chunbao , Yu Yina
Published: August 2024

Background

Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the common malignant tumors of the central nervous system (CNS), characterized by rapid proliferation, heterogeneity, aggressiveness, proneness to recurrence after surgery, and poor prognosis. There is increasing evidence that tumorigenesis is inextricably linked to immune escape, and immunotherapy is undoubtedly an important complement to clinical treatment options for GBM, and will be a focus and hot topic in GBM treatment research. The purpose of this study was to visualize and analyze the scientific results and research trends of immunotherapy for GBM.

Methods

Publications concerning immunotherapy for GBM were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WOScc) database. Bibliometric and visual analysis was performed mainly using CiteSpace and R software, and the Online Analysis Platform of Literature Metrology (https://bibliometric.com/app) for countries/regions, authors, journals, references and keywords related to publications in the field.

Results

Among totally 3491 publications retrieved in this field, 1613 publications were finally obtained according to the screening criteria, including 1007 articles (62.43%) and 606 reviews (37.57%). The number of publications increased year by year, with an average growth rate (AGR) of 17.41%. Such a number was the largest in the USA (717, 44.45%), followed by China (283, 17.55%), and the USA showed the strongest international collaboration. Among the research institutions, Duke Univ (94, 5.83%) was the largest publisher in the field, followed by Harvard Med Sch (70, 4.34%). In addition, the most prolific authors in this field were OHN H SAMPSON (51) and MICHAEL LIM (43), and the degree of collaboration (DC) between authors was 98.26%. Among the co-cited authors, STUPP R (805) was the most cited author, followed by REARDON DA (448). The journal with the most published publications was FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (75), and the most cited journal in terms of co-citation was CLIN CANCER RES (1322), followed by CANCER RES (1230). The high-frequency keyword included glioblastoma (672) and immunotherapy (377). Cluster analysis was performed on the basis of keyword co-occurrence analysis, yielding 17 clusters, based on which the current research status and future trends in the field of immunotherapy for GBM were identified.

Conclusion

Immunotherapy is currently a novel treatment strategy for GBM that has attracted much attention. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen cooperation and exchanges between countries and institutions towards relevant research to promote the development of this field. Immunotherapy is expected to be an important part of the future treatment strategy for GBM, and it has already become a hot spot of current research and will be the key focus of future research.
Exploring the educational needs of patients with cutaneous lymphoma using an educational needs assessment tool
Authors: Ivert Lina U. , Winther Anna H. , Jonsson Pontus , Brauner Hanna
Published: August 2024

Background

Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) are a group of rare non-Hodgkin lymphomas characterized by initial localization of malignant T-lymphocytes in the skin. Support and information from nurses and patient support groups have proven useful for patients with CTCL, but little is known about the educational needs of these patients.

Objectives

To investigate the self-reported educational needs among CTCL patients using an educational needs assessment tool and to explore differences related to sex, age, disease duration, clinical stage, and education.

Methods

This observational single center study analyzed 70 patients with CTCL in routine dermatological outpatient care. The patients were asked to complete a questionnaire to capture their educational needs in regard to CTCL. The questionnaire was inspired by the educational needs assessment tool, designed and validated for patients with rheumatoid disease. The questionnaire included a general question, “In general, how much information do you want to receive about your lymphoma disease?”, and five domains covering information relating to disease process (6 items), treatment (4 items), feelings (2 items), self-management of itch, sleep, and rest (2 items), and support systems (3 items). The domain scores ranged from 0 to 18 (total score from 0 to 51). Each domain score was presented as a mean percentage of the maximum possible domain score.

Results

When asked “In general, how much information do you need?”, females wanted to know more compared with males (2.6 vs. 2.1, p=0.006), and patients with higher education wanted to know more than patients with lower education (2.5 vs. 2.0, p=0.025). The domains concerning treatment (80%) and disease process (75%) revealed the greatest needs for education. Patients with a disease duration <2 years reported a greater educational need for the domain support system, compared with patients with longer disease duration. Patients with lower education reported a greater educational need about feelings compared with patients with higher education.

Conclusions

CTCL patients in the cohort, particularly females, expressed a need for education, especially regarding disease process and treatment. A deeper understanding of the educational needs would enable healthcare providers to give personalized information.
A mini review of plan quality and secondary cancer risk in CyberKnife M6 radiosurgery for benign intracranial tumors
Authors: Chao Pei-Ju , Lee Tsair-Fwu
Published: August 2024

With advancements in medical technology, stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has become an essential option for treating benign intracranial tumors. Due to its minimal side effects and high local control rate, SRS is widely applied. This paper evaluates the plan quality and secondary cancer risk (SCR) in patients with benign intracranial tumors treated with the CyberKnife M6 system. The CyberKnife M6 robotic radiosurgery system features both multileaf collimator (MLC) and IRIS variable aperture collimator systems, providing different treatment options. The study included 15 patients treated with the CyberKnife M6 system, examining the differences in plan quality and SCR between MLC and IRIS systems. Results showed that MLC and IRIS plans had equal PTV (planning target volume) coverage (98.57% vs. 98.75%). However, MLC plans demonstrated better dose falloff and conformity index (CI: 1.81 ± 0.26 vs. 1.92 ± 0.27, P = 0.025). SCR assessment indicated that MLC plans had lower cancer risk estimates, with IRIS plans having average LAR (lifetime attributable risk) and EAR (excess absolute risk) values approximately 25% higher for cancer induction and 15% higher for sarcoma induction compared to MLC plans. The study showed that increasing tumor volume increases SCR probability, but there was no significant difference between different plans in PTV and brainstem analyses.
Schisandrin C enhances type I IFN response activation to reduce tumor growth and sensitize chemotherapy through antitumor immunity
Authors: Yang Huijie , Zhan Xiaoyan , Zhao Jia , Shi Wei , Liu Tingting , Wei Ziying , Li Hui , Hou Xiaorong , Mu Wenqing , Chen Yuanyuan , Zheng Congyang , Wang Zhongxia , Wei Shengli , Xiao Xiaohe , Bai Zhaofang
Published: August 2024

With the advancing comprehension of immunology, an increasing number of immunotherapies are being explored and implemented in the field of cancer treatment. The cGAS-STING pathway, a crucial element of the innate immune response, has been identified as pivotal in cancer immunotherapy. We evaluated the antitumor effects of Schisandra chinensis lignan component Schisandrin C (SC) in 4T1 and MC38 tumor-bearing mice, and studied the enhancing effects of SC on the cGAS-STING pathway and antitumor immunity through RNA sequencing, qRT-PCR, and flow cytometry. Our findings revealed that SC significantly inhibited tumor growth in models of both breast and colon cancer. This suppression of tumor growth was attributed to the activation of type I IFN response and the augmented presence of T cells and NK cells within the tumor. Additionally, SC markedly promoted the cGAS-STING pathway activation induced by cisplatin. In comparison to cisplatin monotherapy, the combined treatment of SC and cisplatin exhibited a greater inhibitory effect on tumor growth. The amplified chemotherapeutic efficacy was associated with an enhanced type I IFN response and strengthened antitumor immunity. SC was shown to reduce tumor growth and increase chemotherapy sensitivity by enhancing the type I IFN response activation and boosting antitumor immunity, which enriched the research into the antitumor immunity of S. chinensis and laid a theoretical basis for its application in combating breast and colon cancer.
Prescription patterns and therapeutic gaps among persons with epilepsy in Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Ogunjimi Luqman , Osalusi Bamidele , Fagbemi Ayotomiwa , Oyenuga Ibironke , Ojini Fedora , Collins Samuel , Elegbede Oluwatosin , Oladele Olayinka , Fehintola Fatai
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Pharmacotherapy with antiseizure medications (ASMs) has been a cornerstone for achieving long-term remissions in persons with epilepsy (PWEs). This study aims to determine the prescription patterns and treatment gaps (TGs) among PWEs.

Methods: Accordingly, a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 940 PWEs aged ≥18 years having clinically confirmed diagnosis of epilepsy based on the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) criteria. At a scheduled interview with each participant, a previously established questionnaire was used to obtain clinical information relating to epilepsy in terms of the age of onset, etiology, duration of epilepsy, frequency, types, and number of ASMs used.

Results: There were fewer male participants [445 (47.4%) vs. 495 (53.6%)] than females, with a higher mean age of onset [(35.19 ± 21.10 vs. 31.58 ± 20.82 years; p = 0.009]. The medication characteristics showed that 336 (35.7%) of the 940 PWEs recruited were not on any ASMs, whereas the remaining 604 (64.3%) patients were on ASMs, with 504 (83.4%) on monotherapy vs. 100 (16.6%) on polytherapy. The PWEs on ASM monotherapy had a higher mean age [40.92 ± 19.40 vs. 33.61 ± 16.51 years; p < 0.001] and higher mean age of onset [34.47 ± 21.80 vs. 25.39 ± 19.78 years; p < 0.001] than those on polytherapy. Furthermore, there were more persons on ASM monotherapy among the participants with seizure duration < 2 years [251 (87.5%) vs. 36 (12.5%)] and seizure duration > 2 years [253 (79.8%) vs 64 (20.2%)].

Conclusion: The majority of the participants receiving ASMs were on monotherapy, with carbamazepine being the most frequently prescribed medication. Furthermore, about a third of the participants had TGs; therefore, healthcare providers should focus on alleviating the TGs among PWEs.
The effect of pregnancy-related hormones on hepatic transporters: studies with premenopausal human hepatocytes
Authors: Benzi Jhohann Richard de Lima , Tsang Yik Pui , Unadkat Jashvant D.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Pregnancy results in significant changes in drug pharmacokinetics (PK). While previous studies have elucidated the impact of pregnancy-related hormones (PRH) on mRNA or protein expression and activity of major hepatic metabolizing enzymes, their effect on hepatic drug transporters remains largely unexplored. Therefore, we investigated the effect of a cocktail of PRH on the mRNA expression and activity of hepatic transporters.

Methods

Plated human hepatocytes (PHH) from 3 premenopausal donors were incubated, in triplicate, for 72 h, with vehicle (DMSO < 0.01%), rifampin (10 μM; positive control) or a cocktail of PRH consisting of estrone, estradiol, estriol, estetrol, progesterone, cortisol, testosterone, oxytocin, and placental growth hormone. The PRH concentrations replicated 0.1×, 1×, or 10× of the plasma concentrations of these hormones observed during each of the three trimesters of pregnancy. After treatment, mRNA expression (quantified by qPCR) of hepatic influx and efflux transporters as well as the activity of influx transporters was quantified (uptake of a selective substrate ± corresponding transporter inhibitor). The data were expressed relative to that in the control (vehicle) group. Significance was evaluated by ANOVA (followed by Dunn’s multiple comparisons) or unpaired t-test when the within-lot data were analyzed, or repeated measures ANOVA (followed by Dunn’s multiple comparisons) or paired t-test when data from all 3 lots were analyzed (p < 0.05).

Results and Discussion

In general, a) PRH cocktails significantly induced transporter mRNA expression in the following order OAT2 ≈ NTCP ≈ OCT1 > OATP2B1 and repressed mRNA expression in the following order OATP1B3 > OATP1B1; b) these changes translated into significant induction of OAT2 (T1-T3) and NTCP (T2-T3, in only two lots) activity at the 1× PRH concentration. Compared with the influx transporters, the induction of mRNA expression of efflux transporters was modest, with mRNA expression of MRP2 and BSEP being induced the most.

Conclusion

Once these data are verified through in vivo probe drug PK studies in pregnancy, they can be populated into physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models to predict, for all trimesters of pregnancy, transporter-mediated clearance of any drug that is a substrate of the affected transporters.
Recent advances in nano-enabled immunomodulation for enhancing plant resilience against phytopathogens
Authors: Masood Hafiza Ayesha , Qi Yetong , Zahid Muhammad Khubaib , Li Zhitao , Ahmad Salman , Lv Ji-Min , Shahid Muhammad Shafiq , Ali Hamada E. , Ondrasek Gabrijel , Qi Xingjiang
Published: August 2024

Plant diseases caused by microbial pathogens pose a severe threat to global food security. Although genetic modifications can improve plant resistance; however, environmentally sustainable strategies are needed to manage plant diseases. Nano-enabled immunomodulation involves using engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) to modulate the innate immune system of plants and enhance their resilience against pathogens. This emerging approach provides unique opportunities through the ability of ENMs to act as nanocarriers for delivering immunomodulatory agents, nanoprobes for monitoring plant immunity, and nanoparticles (NPs) that directly interact with plant cells to trigger immune responses. Recent studies revealed that the application of ENMs as nanoscale agrochemicals can strengthen plant immunity against biotic stress by enhancing systemic resistance pathways, modulating antioxidant defense systems, activating defense-related genetic pathways and reshaping the plant-associated microbiomes. However, key challenges remain in unraveling the complex mechanisms through which ENMs influence plant molecular networks, assessing their long-term environmental impacts, developing biodegradable formulations, and optimizing targeted delivery methods. This review provides a comprehensive investigation of the latest research on nano-enabled immunomodulation strategies, potential mechanisms of action, and highlights future perspectives to overcome existing challenges for sustainable plant disease management.
Individual work-motive values: determinants and consequences for the appraisal of specific health-related work characteristics
Authors: Knardahl Stein , Christensen Jan Olav
Published: August 2024

The objectives of the present study were to determine whether (I) work-motive values influence the appraisal of specific work characteristics of significance for health and function and (II) subject variables impact work-motive values. Two aspects of work-motive values were studied: values that assign importance to pursuing one’s personal goals and interests, internally based work-motive values (IntWMVs), and values that assign importance to external factors, externally based work-motive values (ExtWMVs). These aspects of motive values, age, gender, skill level, managerial role, and specific psychosocial work characteristics were analyzed in a cross-sectional sample of 12,994 employees in 101 private and public organizations. Two-year follow-up prospective data from 6,252 employees in 69 organizations elucidated whether associations were stable over time. The results showed that IntWMV influenced reports of levels of control of decisions, empowering leadership, innovative climate, quantitative demands, feedback from work, and self-leadership. ExtWMVs were most consistently associated with role clarity. Skill level and managerial role were associated with reporting higher levels of IntWMVs and lower ExtWMVs. In conclusion, the present data support the assumption that work-motive values influence the appraisal, reporting, and consequently measurements of work characteristics. Managers differ from subordinates in work-motive values and may face challenges in ascertaining and supporting subordinates’ needs.
Insights gained from a cultural adaptation of preschool promoting alternative thinking strategies©: the importance of teachers’ cultures as an implementation driver
Authors: Norman Åsa , Sedem Mina , Ferrer-Wreder Laura , Eninger Lilianne , Hau Hanna Ginner
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Cultural adaptation of interventions is complex and yet vital to achieving the intended benefits of interventions with new populations. However, little is known regarding deliverers’ perceptions of cultural adaptation and when a cultural adaptation process can be considered complete. The purpose of this study was to explore aspects of cultural adaptation that need further attention in an intervention that had undergone an initial cultural adaptation.

Methods

Four focus groups (FGs) were conducted with preschool teachers who had worked with a culturally adapted version of preschool Promoting Alternative Thinking Strategies (PATHS©) in Sweden for approximately 6 months. In total, 16 teachers from eight preschools were included, with 3–5 teachers in each group. All FGs were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis with an inductive approach was applied to the transcribed data.

Results

Three themes were identified where teachers described the need for further cultural adaptation for the intervention to align with personal and societal fundamental cultural values and be useful for their work as teachers in the Swedish preschool setting. The themes pertained to culturally adapting a manual-based intervention to a foundational, value-based approach, such as the practical application of core values and the steering documents of the Swedish preschool. Furthermore, the practical function of the culturally adapted intervention in the new cultural context revealed a further need to adjust materials and activities in interaction with the children. Finally, the prerequisites within the Swedish cultural setting, including resources and collaboration with parents as part of the work structure for preschool teachers in Sweden, needed further attention in relation to the intervention.

Conclusion

The findings of this study highlight the importance of the deliverer in the cultural adaptation process in addition to adaptations that focus on end users (children in the case of preschool PATHS). Furthermore, the study indicates a need for a more open-ended view of the cultural adaptation process for interventions than perhaps previously described in models of cultural adaptation of interventions.
Study on the relationship between PTSD and academic control and academic emotion in primary and middle school students after flood disaster
Authors: Zhao Lili , Wang Haiyan , Wang Kangning , Shen Chengxuan , Tao Mingda
Published: August 2024

Purpose

To explore the relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and students’ academic control and academic emotion in the aftermath of a flood disaster. The findings will offer educators and relevant departments valuable insights to understand and facilitate the restoration of learning capabilities among students affected by the disaster.

Methods

This study employed a combined approach of questionnaire surveys and longitudinal tracking. Students from Guangling Primary and Secondary School (Shouguang City, Weifang, Shandong Province) participated in surveys administered in September 2018, December 2018, and September 2019. The instruments utilized included the Post-Disaster Trauma Assessment Questionnaire, the Adolescent Academic Control Scale, and the mathematical version of the Achievement Emotions Questionnaire. Data analysis involved two-factor correlation and mediation effect testing.

Results

Significant differences were observed in overall PTSD scores and its three dimensions between the 1-week and 1-year post-disaster assessments. Both the average PTSD score and the detection rate were higher 1 year after the disaster compared to the first week. Students’ academic control demonstrated a strong positive correlation with positive academic emotions and a significant negative correlation with anxiety-related academic emotions. Cross-lagged regression analysis indicated a predictive relationship: academic control measured 3 months post-disaster significantly predicted academic emotions at the 9-month assessment, and conversely, academic emotions at the 3-month point were predictive of academic control at 9 months. In addition, academic control appears to play a complete mediating role in the relationship between PTSD and academic emotions.

Conclusion

Students exhibited a range of PTSD symptoms following the disaster, with a higher prevalence noted in the first year compared to the initial week. PTSD negatively affects academic standing in these students, and is predictive of both their sense of academic control and their emotional responses to learning. Crucially, academic control and academic emotions exhibit a strong correlation and can mutually affect one another. Interventions aimed at reducing PTSD symptoms, cultivating positive academic emotions, and strengthening students’ sense of academic control must therefore consider the relationship between these factors. This holistic approach will enhance psychological well-being and improve academic performance.
NMR-based metabolomics for investigating urinary profiles of metal carpentry workers exposed to welding fumes and volatile organic compounds
Authors: De Rosa Michele , Giampaoli Ottavia , Sciubba Fabio , Marini Federico , Tranfo Giovanna , Sisto Renata , Miccheli Alfredo , Tricarico Laura , Fetoni Anna Rita , Spagnoli Mariangela
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Metal carpentry includes a wide range of work activities such as welding and cutting metallic components, use of solvents and paints. Therefore, the employees in these types of activities are mainly exposed to welding fumes and volatile organic solvents. Here, we present an NMR-based metabolomic approach for assessing urinary profiles of workers in the same company that are exposed to two different risk factors.

Methods

The study enrolled 40 male subjects exposed to welding fumes, 13 male subjects exposed to volatile organic compounds of a metal carpentry company, and 24 healthy volunteers. All samples were collected, in the middle of the working week at fast. Thirty-five urinary metabolites belonging to different chemical classes such as amino acids, organic acids and amines were identified and quantified. Results were processed by multivariate statistical analysis for identifying significant metabolites for each working group examined, compared to controls.

Results

Workers exposed to welding fumes displayed urinary increase in glutamine, tyrosine, taurine, creatine, methylguanidine and pseudouridine associated to oxidative impairment, while workers exposed to volatile organic compounds showed higher urinary levels of branched chain aminoacids.

Conclusion

Our work identified specific urinary profile related to each occupational exposure, even if it is below the threshold limit values.
Prevalence and severity of anaemia among the Temiar sub-ethnic indigenous Orang Asli communities in Kelantan, Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Idris Zulkarnain Md , Wahid Wathiqah , Seri Rakna Mohd Ikhwan Mukmin , Ghazali Nuraffini , Hassan Noor Wanie , Abdul Manap Siti Nor Azreen , Mohamed Ahmad Imran , Chuangchaiya Sriwipa , Mohd Kasri Muhd Rafiq
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Anaemia remains a primary concern of public health in developing countries. Indigenous populations are a significant and frequently underreported group at risk for anaemia. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of anaemia and identify its determinants in the Temiar sub-ethnic indigenous Orang Asli (OA) community in Peninsular Malaysia.

Methodology

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 640 indigenous Temiar OA participants from a remote settlement in Gua Musang, Kelantan, Malaysia. Data was collected using face-to-face interviews with a standardised pretested questionnaire and through blood samples collected for haemoglobin (Hb) testing. Anaemia status was determined using the Hb level cut-off established by the World Health Organization (WHO). Descriptive analysis was used to determine the prevalence of anaemia, while multiple logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with anaemia.

Results

The overall anaemia prevalence was 44.7% (286/640), and the prevalence rates of mild, moderate and severe anaemia were 42.7, 50.7 and 6.6%, respectively. Anaemia-specific prevalence varied significantly by age group (p < 0.001) and was highest in the ≤5 group for both moderate anaemia (43.4%) and severe (42.1%), followed by the 6–17 age group for mild anaemia (39.3%). The prevalence of anaemia was also highest among students (53.9%), with a significant difference observed between the three anaemia severity classifications (p = 0.002). In the multivariate logistic regression, only age groups of 6–17 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.38, p < 0.001), 18–40 (aOR 0.18, p < 0.001) and > 40 (aOR 0.25, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with the lower odds of anaemia in the population.

Conclusion

This study has highlighted the high prevalence of anaemia among indigenous OA in Peninsular Malaysia and revealed that younger children were positively associated with childhood anaemia. Effective interventions and special attention to this indigenous population need to be implemented to reduce the risk of anaemia.
Heterogeneity in public health service utilization and its relationship with social integration among older adult migrants in China: a latent class analysis
Authors: Bu Xiaolong , Wang Ting , Dong Qian , Liu Cuiping
Published: August 2024

Background

The older adult migrant population in China is on the rise, which presents challenges for the national public health service system. However, the heterogeneity of public health service utilization and its relationship with social integration among the older adult migrant population remains unclear. This study aims to explore the heterogeneity the public health service utilization and how it relates to their social integration.

Methods

A total of 6,178 older adult migrants from the China Migrants Dynamic Survey (CMDS) in 2017 were included in this study. Exploratory factor analysis was used to categorize social integration into four dimensions. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify different sub-groups of public health service utilization. ANOVA and multivariate logistic regression were used to determine the characteristics of different sub-groups.

Results

Three potential classes of public health service utilization were identified: low utilization of basic public health services class (N = 3,264,52.756%), medium utilization of basic public health services class (N = 1,743,28.172%), and high utilization of basic public health services class (N = 1,180,19.072%). Gender, education, extent of mobility, and move alone or not, flow time were all predictors of the class of public health service utilization. There were significant differences in social integration across potential categories (p<0.0001).

Conclusion

The utilization of public health services of the older adult migrants is affected by many aspects. Social integration deserves attention as a significant influencing factor in the utilization of public health services. The government should pay attention to the characteristics of the older adult migrants and formulate relevant policies in a targeted manner in order to improve the utilization of public health services of the older adult migrants.
Wideband radiofrequency pulse sequence for evaluation of myocardial scar in patients with cardiac implantable devices
Authors: Shah Neil D. , Krishnam Mayil , Ambale Venkatesh Bharat , Khan Fouzia , Smith Michele , Jones Darwin R. , Koon Patrick , Mao Xianglun , Janich Martin A. , Brau Anja C. S. , Salerno Michael , Dash Rajesh , Chan Frandics , Yang Phillip C.
Published: August 2024

Background

Cardiac magnetic resonance is a useful clinical tool to identify late gadolinium enhancement in heart failure patients with implantable electronic devices. Identification of LGE in patients with CIED is limited by artifact, which can be improved with a wide band radiofrequency pulse sequence.

Objective

The authors hypothesize that image quality of LGE images produced using wide-band pulse sequence in patients with devices is comparable to image quality produced using standard LGE sequences in patients without devices.

Methods

Two independent readers reviewed LGE images of 16 patients with CIED and 7 patients without intracardiac devices to assess for image quality, device-related artifact, and presence of LGE using the American Society of Echocardiography/American Heart Association 17 segment model of the heart on a 4-point Likert scale. The mean and standard deviation for image quality and artifact rating were determined. Inter-observer reliability was determined by calculating Cohen's kappa coefficient. Statistical significance was determined by T-test as a p {less than or equal to} 0.05 with a 95% confidence interval.

Results

All patients underwent CMR without any adverse events. Overall IQ of WB LGE images was significantly better in patients with devices compared to standard LGE in patients without devices (p = 0.001) with reduction in overall artifact rating (p = 0.05).

Conclusion

Our study suggests wide-band pulse sequence for LGE can be applied safely to heart failure patients with devices in detection of LV myocardial scar while maintaining image quality, reducing artifact, and following routine imaging protocol after intravenous gadolinium contrast administration.
A methodology for planning, implementation and evaluation of skills intelligence management – results of a design science project in technology organisations
Authors: Kusmin Kadri-Liis , Normak Peeter , Ley Tobias
Published: August 2024

Introduction

The evolving labour market requirements amidst digital transformation necessitate robust skills intelligence for informed decision-making and adaptability. Novel technologies such as Big Data, Machine Learning, and Artificial Intelligence have significant potential for enhancing skills intelligence.

Methods

This study bridges the gap between theory and practice by designing a novel software artefact for skills intelligence management. With its systematic framework for identifying skills intelligence elements, an assessment instrument, and an implementation methodology, the artefact ensures a thorough approach to skills intelligence management.

Results

The artefact was demonstrated in 11 organisations. Feedback collected from interviews, focus group sessions, and observations (N = 19) indicated that the artefact is a feasible starting point for implementing or systematising skills intelligence management. Participants suggested improvements but concurred that the systematic approach enhances skills intelligence data collection and quality.

Discussion

The study shows that the artefact facilitates the application of advanced technologies in skills intelligence management. Additionally, it contributes a set of principles for effective skills intelligence management, fostering a broader conversation on this critical topic. Participants’ feedback underscores the artefact’s potential and provides a basis for further refinement and application in diverse organisational contexts.
Advancing the early detection of canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome with machine learning-enhanced blood-based biomarkers
Authors: Kim Chae Young , Kim Jinhye , Yoon Sunmi , Yi Isaac Jinwon , Lee Hyuna , Seo Sanghyuk , Kim Dae Won , Ko Soohyun , Kim Sun-A , Kwon Changhyuk , Yi Sun Shin
Published: August 2024

Up to half of the senior dogs suffer from canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CCDS), the diagnosis method relies on subjective questionnaires such as canine cognitive dysfunction rating (CCDR) scores. Therefore, the necessity of objective diagnosis is emerging. Here, we developed blood-based biomarkers for CCDS early detection. Blood samples from dogs with CCDR scores above 25 were analyzed, and the biomarkers retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), C-X-C-motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10), and NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) were validated against neurodegenerative models. Lower biomarker levels were correlated with higher CCDR scores, indicating cognitive decline. Machine-learning analysis revealed the highest predictive accuracy when analyzing the combination of RBP4 and NOX4 using the support vector machine algorithm and confirmed potential diagnostic biomarkers. These results suggest that blood-based biomarkers can notably improve CCDS early detection and treatment, with implications for neurodegenerative disease management in both animals and humans.
Assessment of the potential risks in SD rats gavaged with genetically modified yeast containing the cp4-epsps gene
Authors: Bi Bo , Fu Xuewei , Jian Xuewen , Zhang Yu , Jiang Yizhi , Zhou Wuyi , Zhao Hui
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Despite the absence of definitive evidence indicating that the cp4-epsps gene and its resultant recombinant proteins have significant harmful effects on either human or animal health, the safety assessment of genetically modified (GM) crops expressing the CP4-EPSPS proteins has been controversial. This study endeavor was aimed at evaluating the potential risks posed by the CP4-EPSPS protein in transgenic crops, thereby contributing to the advancement of risk assessment methodologies in the context of genetically engineered crops.

Methods

To ascertain the appropriate daily dosages for oral gavage administration, the expression levels of the CP4-EPSPS protein in a recombinant yeast were quantified. Subsequently, physiological and biochemical analysis, metabolomics, and metagenomic analysis were conducted based on a 90-day Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats feeding experiment, respectively, thereby enhancing the depth and precision of our risk assessment framework.

Results

The results from the physiological and biochemical analysis, organ pathological, blood metabolism, gut microbiota, and correlation analysis of metabolites and gut microbiota revealed several biomarkers for further risk assessment. These biomarkers include clinical biochemical indexes such as total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), creatine kinase (CK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH); metabolites like Methionine, 2-Oxovaleric acid, and LysoPC (16:0); and gut microbiota including Blautia wexlerae, Holdemanella biformis, Dorea sp. CAG 317, Coriobacteriaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the risk can be significantly reduced by directly consuming inactivated recombinant CP4-EPSPS. Therefore, in everyday life, the risk associated with consuming GM foods containing recombinant CP4-EPSPS is substantially reduced after heat treatment.
Pathogenicity and molecular characterization of a GI-19 infectious bronchitis virus isolated from East China
Authors: Wu Qi , Xu Mengcheng , Wei Dengle , Zhang Xuehua , Li Ding , Mei Mei
Published: August 2024

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is responsible for avian infectious bronchitis, a disease prevalent in countries with intensive poultry farming practices. Given the presence of multiple genotypic strains in China, identifying the regionally dominant genotypes is crucial for the implementation of effective prevention and control measures. This study focuses on the IBV strain CK/CH/WJ/215, isolated from a diseased commercial chicken flock in China in 2021. The CK/CH/WJ/215 isolate was genetically characterized through complete S1 sequence analysis. Phylogenetic comparisons were made with prevalent vaccine strains (H120, LDT3-A, and 4/91). Glycosylation patterns in the S1 protein were also analyzed. Pathogenicity was assessed in 7-day-old specific-pathogen-free chicks, monitoring morbidity, mortality, and tissue tropisms. Phylogenetic analysis clustered the CK/CH/WJ/215 isolate within the GI-19 lineage. Identity with the vaccination strains H120, LDT3-A, and 4/91 was low (75.7%, 78.6%, and 77.5% respectively). Novel glycosylation sites at positions 138 and 530 were identified compared to H120 and LDT-A. The isolate demonstrated nephropathogenic characteristics, causing 100% morbidity and 73.3% mortality in SPF chicks, with broader tropisms in tissues including trachea, lungs, kidneys, and bursa of Fabricius. Comprehensive genetic and pathological investigations revealed significant differences between the CK/CH/WJ/215 isolate and common vaccine strains, including novel glycosylation sites and a strong multiorgan infective capability. These findings are crucial for understanding the evolutionary dynamics of IBV and developing more effective prevention and control strategies.
The cage-free egg sector: perspectives of Indian poultry producers
Authors: Rokade Jaydip , Champati Abhijeet , Sonale Nagesh , Wadajkar Prasad , Madheshwaran Monika , Bhaisare Darshana , Tiwari Ashok Kumar
Published: August 2024

India is ranked as the 2nd largest egg producer in the world. Despite the prevalence of backyard poultry (free range), a majority of the commercial egg-laying hens in the country are still housed in battery cages. There is a global shift toward cage-free eggs, due to regulations and increased demand from conscious consumers and food corporations. However, there are very few commercial cage-free facilities in India to meet this demand. The aim of this study was to undertake a needs-assessment survey of Indian egg producers on cage-free production, and understand what support is needed to build the capacities of the cage-free egg production sector to develop it into a viable and sustainable alternative to battery cage eggs. The results showed that nearly all producers agreed on the need for additional support in shifting to, and operating in, the cage-free sector. This included support in the form of financial assistance, technical training, and promotion of the cage-free sector. The results of this study highlight the pressing need for government and private support, in the absence of which cage-free producers are compelled to compete with battery cage poultry producers on prices, which will result in increased losses and failure of the sector, since they have not yet achieved economies of scale.
Approximation of Closed-Loop Sensitivities in Robust Trajectory Optimization under Parametric Uncertainty
Authors: Akman Tuğba , Ben-Asher Joseph Z. , Holzapfel Florian
Published: August 2024

Trajectory optimization is an essential tool for the high-fidelity planning of missions in aerospace engineering in order to increase their safety. Robust optimal control methods are utilized in the present study to address environmental or system uncertainties. To improve robustness, holistic approaches for robust trajectory optimization using sensitivity minimization with system feedback and predicted feedback are presented. Thereby, controller gains to handle uncertainty influences are optimized. The proposed method is demonstrated in an application for UAV trajectories. The resulting trajectories are less prone to unknown factors, which increases mission safety.
Exploring Chemical and Cultural Weed Management for Industrial Hemp Production in Georgia, USA
Authors: Wright-Smith Hannah E. , Coolong Timothy W. , Culpepper A. Stanley , Randell-Singleton Taylor M. , Vance Jenna C.
Published: August 2024

Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa) production is complex, with strict regulatory constraints and challenges associated with a lack of labeled pesticides due to its status as a novel crop in the US. Four experiments were conducted in 2020 and 2021 to establish herbicide tolerances for hemp production in the coastal plain of Georgia, USA. Objectives included evaluating hemp response to pretransplant or posttransplant herbicides, determining if planting method influenced herbicide injury from residual preplant applied herbicides, and understanding how plastic mulch may influence hemp flower yields. When applied one day prior to transplanting, maximum hemp crop visual injury was less than 12% compared to the untreated control, with acetochlor, flumioxazin, fomesafen, pendimethalin, and norflurazon while dithiopyr, halosulfuron, isoxaben, and isoxaflutole resulted in greater than 50% injury. Posttransplant applications of S-metolachlor, acetochlor, pendimethalin, and clethodim resulted in less than 15% injury while halosulfuron, metribuzin, trifloxysulfuron, imazethapyr, and prometryn applications resulted in greater than 50% injury to plants. Preplant and posttransplant applied herbicides were found to have little effect on total tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), or total cannabinoids in the dry flower after harvest. In a separate experiment, injury from halosulfuron and metribuzin was 52% to 56% less when planted with a mechanical transplanter as compared to the practice of using a transplant wheel to depress a hole in the soil followed by hand transplanting. In the final experiment, hemp dry flower yield in a non-plastic mulched (bareground) system was similar to that in a plastic mulched system. However, early season plant above-ground biomass was less in the plastic mulched system, which may have been due to elevated soil temperatures inhibiting early season growth.
Carbon and Water Balances in a Watermelon Crop Mulched with Biodegradable Films in Mediterranean Conditions at Extended Growth Season Scale
Authors: Ferrara Rossana M. , Azzolini Alessandro , Ciurlia Alessandro , De Carolis Gabriele , Mastrangelo Marcello , Minorenti Valerio , Montaghi Alessandro , Piarulli Mariagrazia , Ruggieri Sergio , Vitti Carolina , Martinelli Nicola , Rana Gianfranco
Published: August 2024

The carbon source/sink nature and the water balance of a drip-irrigated and mulched watermelon cultivated under a semi-arid climate were investigated. Biodegradable films, plants and some fruits were left on the soil as green manure. The study spanned from watermelon planting to the subsequent crop (June–November 2023). The eddy covariance technique was employed to monitor water vapor (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes, which were partitioned into transpiration, evaporation, photosynthesis and respiration, respectively, using the flux variance similarity method.This method utilizesthe Monin–Obukhov similarity theory to separate stomatal (photosynthesis and transpiration) from non-stomatal (respiration and evaporation) processes. The results indicate that mulching films contribute to carbon sequestration in the soil (+19.3 g C m−2). However, the mulched watermelon crop presented in this study functions as a net carbon source, with a net biome exchange, representing the net rate of C accumulation in or loss from ecosystems, equal to +230 g C m−2. This is primarily due to the substantial amount of carbon exported through marketable fruits. Fixed water scheduling led to water waste through deep percolation (approximately 1/6 of the water supplied), which also contributed to the loss of organic carbon via leaching (−4.3 g C m−2). These findings recommend further research to enhance the sustainability of this crop in terms of both water and carbon balances.
Deep-Learning-Driven Turbidity Level Classification
Authors: Trejo-Zúñiga Iván , Moreno Martin , Santana-Cruz Rene Francisco , Meléndez-Vázquez Fidel
Published: August 2024

Accurate turbidity classification is essential for maintaining water quality in various contexts, from drinking water to industrial processes. Traditional turbidimeters face challenges, including interference from colored substances, particle shape and size variations, and the need for regular calibration and maintenance. This paper implements a convolutional neural network (CNN) to classify water samples based on their turbidity levels. The dataset consisted of images captured under controlled laboratory conditions, with turbidity levels measured using a 2100P Portable Turbidimeter. The CNN achieved a classification accuracy of 97.00% in laboratory settings. When tested on real-world water body samples, the model maintained an accuracy of 85.00%. The results demonstrate that deep learning can effectively classify turbidity levels, offering a promising solution to overcome the limitations of traditional methods. The study highlights the potential of CNNs for accurate and efficient turbidity measurement, balancing accuracy with practical applicability in field conditions.