bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of 10 and 20 µg/Kg/day PD-Grastim in Stem Cell Mobilization in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies Candidate for Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Safaei Seyed Reza , Sharifian Ramazanali , Emami Amir Hossein , Shahi Farhad , Ghodrati Niloufar , Nemati  Ahmadabad Saba
Published: February 2018

Introduction: Today, autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation is considered as a substitute procedure for Autologous bone marrow transplantation. Treatment with G-CSF mobilizes CD34+ HSCs from bone marrow into peripheral blood and could be used as a marker for hematopoietic stem cells mobilization and subsequent apheresis. Methods: In this study, 60 patients that had hematologic malignancies were randomly categorized into the two groups and were given PD-grastim (group A: 20 μg/kg/day and B: 10 μg/kg/day) to evaluate 10 and 20 μg/kg/day of PD-grastim in stem cell mobilization for autologous transplantation. Their CD34+ cell enumeration was carried out when leukocyte count was reached above 10000 cells/μl. Apheresis was also carried out when CD34+ count was reached above 16 cells/μl. Results: Results of the groups A and B were statistically analyzed and there was a meaningful statistical difference in gender, drug taking day numbers, apheresis numbers, hospitalization period and injected blood units. Based on the results, group A patients had lesser hospitalization period and apheresis number than group B. Conclusion: This indicates that utilization of PD-grastim at dose 20 μl/kg/day has better therapeutic effects on the patients with hematologic malignancies and could be considered as the major therapeutic regimen.
Heterogenic transplantation of bone marrow-derived rhesus macaque mesenchymal stem cells ameliorates liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride in mouse
Authors: Fu Xufeng , Jiang Bin , Zheng Bingrong , Yan Yaping , Wang Junfeng , Duan Yanchao , Li Shanshan , Yan Li , Wang Hong , Chen Bingbing , Sang Xiongbo , Ji Weizhi , Xu Ren-He , Si Wei
Published: February 2018

Liver fibrosis is a disease that causes high morbidity and has become a major health problem. Liver fibrosis can lead to the end stage of liver diseases (livercirrhosisand hepatocellularcarcinoma). Currently, liver transplantation is the only effective treatment for end-stage liver disease. However, the shortage of organ donors, high cost of medical surgery, immunological rejection and transplantation complications severely hamper liver transplantation therapy. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been regarded as promising cells for clinical applications in stem cell therapy in the treatment of liver diseases due to their unique multipotent differentiation capacity, immunoregulation and paracrine effects. Although liver fibrosis improvements by MSC transplantation in preclinical experiments as well as clinical trials have been reported, the in vivo fate of MSCs after transportation and their therapeutic mechanisms remain unclear. In this present study, we isolated MSCs from the bone marrow of rhesus macaques. The cells exhibited typical MSC markers and could differentiate into chondrocytes, osteocytes, and adipocytes, which were not affected by labeling with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). The harvested MSCs respond to interferon-γ stimulation and have the ability to inhibit lymphocyte proliferation in vitro. EGFP-labeled MSCs (1 × 106 cells) were transplanted into mice with carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis via tail vein injection. The ability of the heterogenic MSC infusion to ameliorate liver fibrosis in mice was evaluated by a blood plasma chemistry index, pathological examination and liver fibrosis-associated gene expression. Additionally, a small number of MSCs that homed and engrafted in the mouse liver tissues were evaluated by immunofluorescence analysis. Our results showed that the transplantation of heterogenic MSCs derived from monkey bone marrow can be used to treat liver fibrosis in the mouse model and that the paracrine effects of MSCs may play an important role in the improvement of liver fibrosis.
A reflexão sobre a eficiência dos pressupostos realistas na contemporaneidade através da invasão do Iraque em 2003
Authors: Silva Leonardo Luiz Silveira da , Moreira Gonçalves Finelli Ramon , Araújo Rangel Bruno De
Published: February 2018

Na virada dos séculos XIX e XX, quando Rudolph Kjéllen cunhava o termo geopolítica, o realismo político consagrava-se como uma teoria explicativa dominante para o entendimento das relações de poder em âmbito global. Passadas as duas Grandes Guerras Mundiais, a interdependência das nações pareceu um caminho sem volta, ainda que, durante o período da Guerra Fria, as oposições ideológicas pudessem colocar limitações políticas à integração que já era possível devido aos avanços dos transportes e comunicações. Na década de 1970, o Realismo encontrou na academia, no seio das Relações Internacionais, uma teoria rival com grande poder explicativo para o rearranjo da ordem futura: o Liberalismo, entendido como uma teoria que aponta as instituições internacionais e a interdependência do comércio como forças poderosas no que tange à explicação das relações de poder em âmbito global. Este trabalho pretende apontar, através da invasão do Iraque de 2003, duas maneiras distintas de interpretar o mesmo evento à luz do Realismo e do Liberalismo, objetivando verificar suas limitações em um mundo ainda em transição no que tange à consolidação ou à caducidade de seus pressupostos analíticos. Para tanto, centra-se nas características do mundo contemporâneo que vem colocando em xeque alguns dos pressupostos realistas.

Abstract

THE REFLECTION ON THE EFFICIENCY OF REALISM ASSUMPTIONS IN THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD THROUGH THE INVASION OF IRAQ IN 2003

At the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, when Rudolph Kjellén created the geopolitics term, political realism was recognized as a dominant explanatory theory for understanding power relations globally. After the two World Wars, the interdependence of nations seemed a final goal, even during the Cold War period, the opposition between ideologies could put political limitations on integration which already was possible due to advances of transport and communication. In the 1970s, Realism has found in academia, within the International Relations, a rival theory that have a great explanatory power for rearrangement of the future order: liberalism, understood as a theory pointing the international institutions and the interdependence of trade as powerful forces to explain the power relations globally. Through the 2003 invasion of Iraq, this work intends point to two different ways to interpret the same event in the light of Realism and Liberalism, aiming at finding their limitations on a world still in transition with regard to consolidation or extinction of its analytical assumptions. To do so, it focuses on the characteristics of the contemporary world coming jeopardizing some realistic assumptions.
Rede urbana e relações interescalares na cidade média de Araguaína-TO: perspectivas a partir do comércio de vestuário
Authors: Sodré Reges , Pereira Aires José
Published: February 2018

Este trabalho teve por objetivo analisar as interações espaciais interescalares a partir da atuação de agentes nacionais e internacionais nas cidades médias do Tocantins, tendo como preocupação principal avaliar tais dinâmicas no comércio de vestuário na cidade de Araguaína. Verificou-se que nessa cidade é crescente o número de empresas com atuação nessa fatia de mercado, cuja escala de abrangência de seu capital é nacional e internacional, o que coloca esta cidade numa trama de relações que ultrapassam rígidos padrões hierárquicos. Modifica-se a natureza das interações espaciais, pois se tornam mais intensas, alongadas, mais frequentes e interescalares.

Abstract

URBAN NETWORK AND SPACIAL INTERACTIONS IN THE MIDDLE CITY ARAGUAINA-TO: PERSPECTIVES FROM THE APPAREL TRADE

This work analyzes geographical spacial interactions since the national and international agent’s action in the middle cities of Tocantins. This work is regarded at evaluating dynamics trade clothing in the city of Araguaína. It is seen that in this city is growing the number of enterprises in this area operating not only with national but also international capital. This fact overcomes hard hierarchical patterns. In this sense spacial interactions are modified once they become more complex and intense.
De cabaré a espaço cultural: um olhar geográfico sobre o patrimônio histórico de Ilhéus-BA a partir do estudo do caso Bataclan
Authors: Travagim Viturino Neves Karina Fernanda
Published: February 2018

A partir deste estudo de caso discutimos elementos que podem contribuir para a análise geográfica sobre o patrimônio histórico. Entre eles, destacamos a importância do emprego do conceito de paisagem e de procedimentos de análise como: a investigação do contexto no qual se originou o bem patrimonial, o estudo do processo de valorização desse bem como patrimônio e a identificação das formas de apropriação desse patrimônio. Como procedimentos de pesquisa utilizamos a análise bibliográfica e realizamos entrevistas com representantes da Secretaria do Turismo, da Fundação Cultural e da gerência do espaço cultural.

Abstract

FROM CABARET TO CULTURAL SPACE: A GEOGRAPHICAL LOOK ABOUT ILHÉUS’ PATRIMONY BY CASE STUDY OF THE BATACLAN

From this case study we discuss elements that may contribute to the geographical analysis of the historical patrimony. Among them, we highlight the importance of employment of the concept of landscape and procedures of analysis as: the investigation of the context in which it gave the origin of patrimony, the study of the process of valuate of this buildings as patrimonies, and the identification of the forms of theirs appropriation. As a procedures research, we use the bibliographic analysis and of conducted interviews with representatives of the Secretariat of Tourism, the Cultural Foundation and the management of the cultural area.
A questão dos recursos hídricos e as perspectivas para o Brasil
Authors: Tomasoni Marco Antônio , De Siqueira Pinto Josefa Eliane , Peixoto da Silva Heraldo
Published: February 2018

O presente artigo analisa alguns aspectos relacionados aos recursos hídricos em diferentes escalas, múltiplos usos socioeconômicos e serviços ambientais associados. Discute sua relevância e a necessidade de políticas públicas que garantam segurança hídrica, através de mecanismos que viabilizem acesso equânime da água em quantidade e qualidade, para atender demandas hídricas das atividades humanas e as demandas associadas a seu uso. Levanta questões acerca da pressão sofrida, seja pela captação para utilização direta, seja como recurso hídrico para usos preponderantes, enquanto insumo para atividades econômicas ou por alterações significativas nos sistemas ambientais responsáveis pela recarga ou manutenção destes estoques. Neste contexto, emergem problemas e conflitos de interesse das mais variadas ordens, criando cenários complexos, nos quais os modelos de gestão precisam adaptar-se às novas realidades, especialmente frente aos desafios provocados pela intensa urbanização e às demandas necessárias para suprir as crescentes concentrações humanas urbanas, periurbanas e rurais. Finaliza-se com um cenário para o Brasil, apresentando subsídios para a compreensão do potencial destes recursos, bem como uma chamada aos sinais de alerta diretos e indiretos, para que sejam tomadas medidas visando a um necessário planejamento estratégico eficaz e eficiente na gestão dos usos dos recursos hídricos.

Abstract

THE ISSUE OF WATER RESOURCES AND ITS PROSPECTS FOR BRAZIL

This article analyzes some aspects related to water resources on different scales, its social and economical uses, and associated environmental services. It considers the relevance and need for public policies that guarantee water security through mechanisms that enable equitable access either quantity as quality to water, for attending human hydrical activities demand, and associated water activities demand too. It raises issues about the pressure suffered, either by direct capture and commanding uses as a hydrical resource, as input for economic activities or significant changes in environmental systems responsible for refilling or maintenance of these water reservations. In this context, the emerging issues and conflicts of interest in many different orders, create complex scenarios, where business models must adapt to new realities, especially the challenges caused by increased urbanization and the demands required to meet the growing urban human settlements, Periurban and rural areas. Finally, a scenery for Brazil, presenting necessary tools for understanding these hydrical resources potential, as well as an warning for direct and indirect alert signals, for taking necessary demeanors to ensure an effective strategic planning and efficient management of water resources uses.
A abordagem da paisagem no âmbito dos estudos ambientais integrados
Authors: Ferreira Vanderlei Oliveira
Published: February 2018

A bibliografia que discute o conceito de paisagem e sua afinidade com a ciência geográfica é volumosa. Quase sempre a ênfase recai sobre a história do conceito, considerando desde as abordagens positivistas do século XIX até as abordagens funcionalistas e culturais que assumiram crescente importância a partir da segunda metade do século XX. Constata-se, no geral, que as abordagens descritivas e utilitárias têm dado espaço às abordagens que buscam o entendimento da essência das relações e dos processos geoambientais. No presente artigo, o conceito é discutido a partir das proposições da chamada Escola Russa (liderada por Victor Sotchava), dos franceses Jean Tricart e Georges Bertrand e do brasileiro Carlos Augusto de Figueiredo Monteiro, incluindo uma breve avaliação do cenário que aos poucos vai sendo construído diante das possibilidades das novas tecnologias. Evidencia-se que, apesar do importante desenvolvimento verificado nas técnicas de monitoramento e nas tecnologias de representação cartográfica, o alcance de modelos mais completos que traduzam a complexidade da dinâmica integrada do ambiente ainda é questão não resolvida.

Abstract

THE APPROACH OF LANDSCAPE ON THE FIELD OF INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

The bibliography on the concept of landscape and its affinity with geographical science is huge. The focus, however, lies mostly on the history of the concept that goes from the positive approaches of the XIX century to both the functionalist and cultural approaches, which assumed increasing importance since late XX century. It is noticed, in general, that both the descriptive and the utilitarian approaches are giving way to approaches which attempt to grasp the essence of geo-environmental relations as well as their processes. This article aims at discussing such concept in the light of the posits of the so-called Russian School headed by Victor Sotchava and supported by Frenchmen Jean Tricart and Georges Bertrand and by Brazilian Carlos Augusto de Figueiredo Monteiro. It also includes a brief assessment of the scenery that is, little by little, being built in face of the possibilities of the new technologies. It is clear that, despite important development of the monitoring techniques as well as of the cartographic technologies, the scope of empiric modes capable of translating the complexities of the integrated dynamics of the environment is still an unresolved issue.
Os agentes modeladores da cidade de Aracati-CE no período colonial
Authors: Barbosa Maria Edivani
Published: February 2018

A cidade de Aracati (Ceará/Brasil) manifesta, na morfologia urbana, vestígios do apogeu econômico, herdados do século XVIII. A arquitetura e o traçado urbano remanescentes são suportes da memória urbana e revelam singularidades locais que a distinguem de outras vilas criadas no mesmo período histórico. A organização do espaço é resultado das forças que atuaram na sua produção, como a Igreja, as irmandades religiosas, o Estado português, os agentes econômicos (fazendeiros, comerciantes e charqueadores), a Câmara municipal e demais grupos sociais. Entender a trama entre esses agentes revela momentos únicos dessa memória urbana, o que explica a produção espacial. Através da paisagem urbana, verifica-se a lógica dos elementos construídos: o traçado urbano retilíneo, com ruas largas cortadas por becos, buscava adequar-se à dinâmica econômica da época; a arquitetura residencial com fachadas iguais foram diretrizes urbanas do Governo português. Os templos religiosos refletem a influência e o poder da Igreja Católica na organização socioespacial. A construção da cidade de costas para o rio Jaguaribe se deu devido ao fato de, na época, ser considerado um local insalubre, para onde seguiam os dejetos da vila. A compreensão, no tempo e no espaço, da formação socioespacial da cidade de Aracati foi possível graças a este estudo.

Résumé

LES AGENTS DE MODELAGE DE LA VILLE D’ARACATI-CE DANS LA PÉRIODE COLONIALE

La ville de Aracati (Ceará/Brésil), manifeste, par la morphologie urbaine, des vestiges de son apogée économique, hérités du XVIII ème siècle. L’architecture et le dessin urbain rémanents sont des supports de la mémoire e révélant des singularités locales qui la distinguent d’autres bourgs crées dans la même période historique. L’organisation de l’espace est le résultat des forces qui ont agi dans sa production, comme l’Église, les confréries religieuses, l’État portuguais, les agentes économiques (fermiers, commerçants, “charqueadores”), le Conseil municipal et d’autres groupes sociaux ont été identifiés et analysés. Comprendre la trame entre ces agents révèle des moments uniques de cette mémoire urbaine, ce qui explique la production spatiale. À travers le paysage urbain, on peut vérifier la logique des éléments bâtis: le tracé urbain droit, avec des rues larges coupées par de petites rues visait l’adéquation avec la dynamique économique de l’époque; l’architecture résidentielle avec des façades identiques ont été le modèle urbain choisi et imposé par le gouvernement portuguais. Les temples réligieux montrent l’influence et le pouvoir de l’Église Catholique dans l’órganisation sociospatiale. La construction de la ville avec les façades au sens inverse du fleuve Jaguaribe est dû, à l’époque, à l’insalubrité des locaux puisque les dechets de la ville étaiant jettés dans les eaux de ce fleuve. La compréhension, dans le temps et dans l’espace, de la formation sociospatiale de la ville d’Aracati et ses environs est possible grâce à cette étude.
Assessing Hazard Vulnerability, Habitat Conservation, and Restoration for the Enhancement of Mainland China's Coastal Resilience
Authors: Sajjad Muhammad , Li Yangfan , Tang Zhenghong , Cao Ling , Liu Xiaoping
Published: February 2018

Worldwide, humans are facing high risks from natural hazards, especially in coastal regions with high population densities. Rising sea levels due to global warming are making coastal communities' infrastructure vulnerable to natural disasters. The present study aims to provide a coupling approach of vulnerability and resilience through restoration and conservation of lost or degraded coastal natural habitats to reclamation under different climate change scenarios. The integrated valuation of ecosystems and tradeoffs model is used to assess the current and future vulnerability of coastal communities. The model employed is based on seven different biogeophysical variables to calculate a natural hazard index and to highlight the criticality of the restoration of natural habitats. The results show that roughly 25% of the coastline and more than 5 million residents are in highly vulnerable coastal areas of mainland China, and these numbers are expected to double by 2100. Our study suggests that restoration and conservation in recently reclaimed areas have the potential to reduce this vulnerability by 45%. Hence, natural habitats have proved to be a great defense against coastal hazards and should be prioritized in coastal planning and development. The findings confirm that natural habitats are critical for coastal resilience and can act as a recovery force of coastal functionality loss. Therefore, we recommend that the Chinese government prioritizes restoration (where possible) and conservation of the remaining habitats for the sake of coastal resilience to prevent natural hazards from escalating into disasters.
The 21 August 2017 Ischia (Italy) Earthquake Source Model Inferred From Seismological, GPS, and DInSAR Measurements
Authors: De Novellis V. , Carlino S. , Castaldo R. , Tramelli A. , De Luca C. , Pino N. A. , Pepe S. , Convertito V. , Zinno I. , De Martino P. , Bonano M. , Giudicepietro F. , Casu F. , Macedonio G. , Manunta M. , Cardaci C. , Manzo M. , Di Bucci D. , Solaro G. , Zeni G. , Lanari R. , Bianco F. , Tizzani P.
Published: February 2018

The causative source of the first damaging earthquake instrumentally recorded in the Island of Ischia, occurred on 21 August 2017, has been studied through a multiparametric geophysical approach. In order to investigate the source geometry and kinematics we exploit seismological, Global Positioning System, and Sentinel‐1 and COSMO‐SkyMed differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar coseismic measurements. Our results indicate that the retrieved solutions from the geodetic data modeling and the seismological data are plausible; in particular, the best fit solution consists of an E‐W striking, south dipping normal fault, with its center located at a depth of 800 m. Moreover, the retrieved causative fault is consistent with the rheological stratification of the crust in this zone. This study allows us to improve the knowledge of the volcano‐tectonic processes occurring on the Island, which is crucial for a better assessment of the seismic risk in the area.
Transpressional Rupture Cascade of the 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikoura Earthquake, New Zealand
Authors: Xu Wenbin , Feng Guangcai , Meng Lingsen , Zhang Ailin , Ampuero Jean Paul , Bürgmann Roland , Fang Lihua
Published: February 2018

Large earthquakes often do not occur on a simple planar fault but involve rupture of multiple geometrically complex faults. The 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikoura earthquake, New Zealand, involved the rupture of at least 21 faults, propagating from southwest to northeast for about 180 km. Here we combine space geodesy and seismology techniques to study subsurface fault geometry, slip distribution, and the kinematics of the rupture. Our finite‐fault slip model indicates that the fault motion changes from predominantly right‐lateral slip near the epicenter to transpressional slip in the northeast with a maximum coseismic surface displacement of about 10 m near the intersection between the Kekerengu and Papatea faults. Teleseismic back projection imaging shows that rupture speed was overall slow (1.4 km/s) but faster on individual fault segments (approximately 2 km/s) and that the conjugate, oblique‐reverse, north striking faults released the largest high‐frequency energy. We show that the linking Conway‐Charwell faults aided in propagation of rupture across the step over from the Humps fault zone to the Hope fault. Fault slip cascaded along the Jordan Thrust, Kekerengu, and Needles faults, causing stress perturbations that activated two major conjugate faults, the Hundalee and Papatea faults. Our results shed important light on the study of earthquakes and seismic hazard evaluation in geometrically complex fault systems.
DNA Origami‐Guided Assembly of the Roundest 60–100 nm Gold Nanospheres into Plasmonic Metamolecules
Authors: Lee Jaewon , Huh Ji‐Hyeok , Kim Kwangjin , Lee Seungwoo
Published: February 2018

DNA origami can provide programmed information to guide the self‐assembly of gold nanospheres (Au NSs) into higher‐order supracolloids. Molecularly precise and truly 2D/3D integration of Au NSs is possible using DNA origami‐enabled assembly, and the resulting assemblies have potential applications in plasmonics and metamaterials. However, the relatively small size (<60 nm) and randomly faceted Au NSs that have been used thus far in DNA origami‐enabled assembly have limited their nanophotonic applications. Here, the robust self‐assembly of the 60–100 nm roundest Au NSs into metamolecular assemblies using 3D DNA origami is described. These Au NSs are successfully conjugated with DNA oligonucleotides and are therefore stable at high salt concentrations even without backfilling using organic ligands. The roundest Au NSs are successfully assembled into supracolloidal metamolecules and chains via 3D DNA origami. These plasmonic metamolecules and chains display strong electric and unnatural magnetic resonances that can be deterministically controlled.
Multifactorial modeling and optimization of solution and electrospinning parameters to generate superfine polystyrene nanofibers
Authors: Rezaei Babak , Shoushtari Ahmad Mousavi , Rabiee Mohammad , Uzun Lokman , Turner Anthony P. F. , Cheung Mak Wing
Published: February 2018

This study was conducted to provide a quantitative understanding of the influence of the different solution and electrospinning variables on the morphology and the mean diameter of electrospun polystyrene nanofibers. In this regard, the effect of different solvents and ionic additives on the electrical conductivity, viscosity, and surface tension of the electrospinning solutions and thereby the morphology of nanofibers were examined. The results indicated that the morphology of the fibers is extremely dependent on the solvent's properties, especially volatility and electrical conductivity, and the ionic characteristics of additives. Finally, to estimate the optimal electrospinning conditions for production of nanofibers with minimum possible diameter, modeling of the process was undertaken using the response surface methodology. Experimentally, nanofibers with the finest diameter of 169 ± 21 nm were obtained under the optimized conditions, and these could be considered promising candidates for a wide practical range of applications ranging from biosensors to filtration.
Probing Electron Mobility of Monolayer MoS2 Field‐Effect Transistors in Aqueous Environments
Authors: Lu Ming‐Pei , Dai Xiao‐Yen , Lu Ming‐Yen
Published: February 2018

Atomically thin layered 2D semiconductors have inspired intense interest in building hybrid liquid–semiconductor electronic systems for next‐generation biological/chemical sensing applications. There remains, however, a lack of understanding of the electrical characteristics of 2D materials in aqueous environments and, thereby, much useful information for advancing the development of such emerging sensor systems. In this study, the effects of aqueous environments on the field‐effect electron mobility (µFE) of monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) field‐effect transistors (FETs), using various operational modes (back‐gating, liquid‐gating, and dual‐gating), are explored at room temperature. The value of µFE of the MoS2 exposed to deionized (DI) water is much greater than that treated merely under ambient conditions, presumably the result of a dielectric screening effect. When the DI water is changed to a biologically compatible buffer (0.01 or 0.1 m potassium phosphate buffer) at pH 7, the value of µFE decreases significantly. Further investigation into the possible origin of the degraded mobility suggests that the ions in the aqueous solutions play an important role as additional scatterers. This report should enhance the understanding of the mechanisms of mobility scattering in liquid–semiconductor 2D FET systems for applications in hybrid electronics, bioelectronics, and nanosensors.
Porous MoS2/Carbon Spheres Anchored on 3D Interconnected Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Networks for Ultrafast Na Storage
Authors: Chen Biao , Lu Huihui , Zhou Jingwen , Ye Chao , Shi Chunsheng , Zhao Naiqin , Qiao Shi‐Zhang
Published: February 2018

The performance of lithium and sodium‐ion batteries is partly determined by the microstructures of the active materials and anodes. Much attention has been paid to the construction of various nanostructured active materials, with emphasis on optimizing the electronic and ionic transport kinetics, and structural stability. However, less attention has been given to the functionalization of electrode microstructure to enhance performance. Therefore, it is significant to study the effect of optimized microstructures of both active materials and electrodes on the performance of batteries. In this work, porous MoS2/carbon spheres anchored on 3D interconnected multiwall carbon nanotube networks (MoS2/C‐MWCNT) are built as sodium‐ion battery anodes to synergistically facilitate the sodium‐ion storage process. The optimized MoS2/C‐MWCNT possesses favorable features, namely few‐layered, defect‐rich, and interlayer‐expanded MoS2 with abundant mesopores/macropores and carbon incorporation. Notably, the presence of 3D MWCNT network plays a critical role to further improve interparticle and intraparticle conductivity, sodium‐ion diffusion, and structural stability on the electrode level. As a result, the electrochemical performance of optimized MoS2/C‐MWCNT is significantly improved. This study suggests that rational design of microstructures on both active material and electrode levels simultaneously might be a useful strategy for designing high performance sodium‐ion batteries.
Ionically Conductive Self‐Healing Binder for Low Cost Si Microparticles Anodes in Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Munaoka Takatoshi , Yan Xuzhou , Lopez Jeffrey , To John W. F. , Park Jihye , Tok Jeffrey B.‐H. , Cui Yi , Bao Zhenan
Published: February 2018

A self‐healing polymer (SHP) with abundant hydrogen bonds, appropriate viscoelasticity, and stretchability is a promising binder to improve cycle performance of Si microparticle anodes in lithium (Li) ion batteries. Besides high capacity and long cycle life, efficient rate performance is strongly desirable for practical Si anode implementation. Here, polyethylene glycol (PEG) groups are incorporated into the SHP, facilitating Li ionic conduction within the binder. The concept of the SHP‐PEG binder involves improving the interface between Si microparticles and electrolytes after cycling based on the combination of self‐healing ability and fast Li ionic conduction. Through the systematic study of mixing PEG Mw and ratio, the polymeric binder combining SHP and PEG with Mw 750 in an optimal ratio of 60:40 (mol%) achieves a high discharging capacity of ≈2600 mA h g−1, reasonable rate performance especially when >1C and maintains 80% of their initial capacity even after ≈150 cycles at 0.5C. The described concept for the polymeric binder, embedding both self‐healing ability and high Li ionic conductivity, should be equally useful for next generation batteries utilizing high capacity materials which suffer from huge volume change during cycling.
The impact of hydrodynamics on viscosity evolution in colloidal dispersions: Transient, nonlinear microrheology
Authors: Mohanty Ritesh P. , Zia Roseanna N.
Published: February 2018

Evolution of microstructure and rheology during flow startup, and its connection to microscopic transport processes, is studied theoretically via active microrheology. At steady state, the balance between entropic, hydrodynamic, and other forces changes with flow strength, producing sustained microstructural asymmetry and non‐Newtonian rheology. However, the transition from equilibrium to steady flow is sometimes marked by overshoots in viscosity that suggests a temporally evolving competition between these rate processes. Here, we formulate and solve a Smoluchowski equation for the time‐dependent evolution of particle microstructure induced by the motion of a colloidal probe driven through a bath of colloidal spheres. The structure is then utilized to compute the time‐dependent microviscosity. Brownian diffusion always sets short‐time particle dynamics, which hinders maturation of the boundary layer. The disparity in Brownian and advective transport rates produces a reversal from flow thinning to flow thickening during startup, revealing that non‐Newtonian flow phenomenology is not instantaneously established. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 3198–3214, 2018
A novel chloroplast gene reported for flagellate plants
Authors: Song Michael , Kuo Li‐Yaung , Huiet Layne , Pryer Kathleen M. , Rothfels Carl J. , Li Fay‐Wei
Published: February 2018

Premise of the Study

Gene space in plant plastid genomes is well characterized and annotated, yet we discovered an unrecognized open reading frame (ORF) in the fern lineage that is conserved across flagellate plants.

Methods

We initially detected a putative uncharacterized ORF by the existence of a highly conserved region between rps16 and matK in a series of matK alignments of leptosporangiate ferns. We mined available plastid genomes for this ORF, which we now refer to as ycf94, to infer evolutionary selection pressures and assist in functional prediction. To further examine the transcription of ycf94, we assembled the plastid genome and sequenced the transcriptome of the leptosporangiate fern Adiantum shastense Huiet & A.R. Sm.

Key Results

The ycf94 predicted protein has a distinct transmembrane domain but with no sequence homology to other proteins with known function. The nonsynonymous/synonymous substitution rate ratio of ycf94 is on par with other fern plastid protein‐encoding genes, and additional homologs can be found in a few lycophyte, moss, hornwort, and liverwort plastid genomes. Homologs of ycf94 were not found in seed plants. In addition, we report a high level of RNA editing for ycf94 transcripts—a hallmark of protein‐coding genes in fern plastomes.

Conclusions

The degree of sequence conservation, together with the presence of a distinct transmembrane domain and RNA‐editing sites, suggests that ycf94 is a protein‐coding gene of functional significance in ferns and, potentially, bryophytes and lycophytes. However, the origin and exact function of this gene require further investigation.
Preoperative fluid restriction for trauma patients with hemorrhagic shock decreases ventilator days
Authors: Matsuyama Shigenari , Miki Ryusuke , Kittaka Hirotada , Nakayama Haruki , Kikuta Shota , Ishihara Satoshi , Nakayama Shinichi
Published: February 2018

Aim

In recent years, with the concept of damage control resuscitation, hemostasis and preoperative fluid restriction have been carried out, but there is controversy regarding the effectiveness of fluid restriction.

Methods

From April 2007 to March 2013, 101 trauma patients presented with hemorrhagic shock (systolic blood pressure ≤90 mmHg) at the prehospital or emergency department and were admitted to Hyogo Emergency Medical Center (Hyogo, Japan). They underwent emergency hemostasis by surgery and transcatheter arterial embolization. We compared two groups in a historical cohort study, the aggressive fluid resuscitation (AR) group, which included 59 cases treated in the period April 2007–March 2010, and the fluid restriction (FR) group, which included 42 cases treated in the period April 2010–March 2013.

Results

There was no difference between both groups in patient background (heart rate, 110 b.p.m.; systolic blood pressure, 70 mmHg). The Injury Severity Score was 34 (AR) versus 38 (FR) (not significant). Preoperative infusion volume of crystalloid significantly decreased, from 2310 mL (AR) to 1025 mL (FR) (P ≤ 0.01). There was no difference in mortality (36% [AR] versus 41% [FR]). Ventilator days significantly decreased, from 8.5 days (AR) to 5.5 days (FR) (P = 0.02).

Conclusions

Preoperative fluid restriction for trauma patients with hemorrhagic shock did not improve mortality, but it decreased ventilator days by reducing the perioperative plus water balance and it might contribute to perioperative intensive care.
From Anilines to Aryl Ethers: A Facile, Efficient, and Versatile Synthetic Method Employing Mild Conditions
Authors: Wang Dong‐Yu , Yang Ze‐Kun , Wang Chao , Zhang Ao , Uchiyama Masanobu
Published: February 2018

We have developed a simple and direct method for the synthesis of aryl ethers by reacting alcohols/phenols (ROH) with aryl ammonium salts (ArNMe3+), which are readily prepared from anilines (ArNR′2, R′=H or Me). This reaction proceeds smoothly and rapidly (within a few hours) at room temperature in the presence of a commercially available base, such as KOtBu or KHMDS, and has a broad substrate scope with respect to both ROH and ArNR′2. It is scalable and compatible with a wide range of functional groups.
Lewis Base‐Promoted Ring‐Opening 1,3‐Dioxygenation of Unactivated Cyclopropanes Using a Hypervalent Iodine Reagent
Authors: Gieuw Matthew H. , Ke Zhihai , Yeung Ying‐Yeung
Published: February 2018

A facile and effective system has been developed for the regio‐ and chemoselective ring‐opening/electrophilic functionalization of cyclopropanes through C−C bond activation by [bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo]benzene with the aid of the Lewis basic promoter p‐toluenesulfonamide. The p‐toluenesulfonamide‐promoted system works well for a wide range of cyclopropanes, resulting in the formation of 1,3‐diol products in good yields and regioselectivity.
Sample Ripening through Nanophase Separation Influences the Performance of Dynamic Nuclear Polarization
Authors: Weber Emmanuelle M. M. , Sicoli Giuseppe , Vezin Hervé , Frébourg Ghislaine , Abergel Daniel , Bodenhausen Geoffrey , Kurzbach Dennis
Published: February 2018

Mixtures of water and glycerol provide popular matrices for low‐temperature spectroscopy of vitrified samples. However, they involve counterintuitive physicochemical properties, such as spontaneous nanoscopic phase separations (NPS) in solutions that appear macroscopically homogeneous. We demonstrate that such phenomena can substantially influence the efficiency of dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) by factors up to 20 % by causing fluctuations in local concentrations of polarization agents (radicals). Thus, a spontaneous NPS of water/glycerol mixtures that takes place on time scales on the order of 30–60 min results in a confinement of polarization agents in nanoscopic water‐rich vesicles, which in return affects the DNP. Such effects were found for three common polarization agents, TEMPOL, AMUPol and Trityl.
The Interaction of the Soybean Seed High Oleic Acid Oil Trait With Other Fatty Acid Modifications
Authors: Bilyeu Kristin , Škrabišová Mária , Allen Doug , Rajcan Istvan , Palmquist Debra E. , Gillen Anne , Mian Rouf , Jo Hyun
Published: February 2018

Oil value is determined by the functional qualities imparted from the fatty acid profile. Soybean oil historically had excellent use in foods and industry; the need to increase the stability of the oil without negative health consequences has led to a decline in soybean oil use. One solution to make the oil stable is to have high oleic acid (>70%) and lower linolenic acid content in the oil. Other fatty acid profile changes are intended to target market needs: low‐saturated fatty acid and high stearic acid content in the oil. The objective of this study is to determine the interaction of the high oleic acid oil trait with other alleles controlling fatty acid profiles. Soybean lines containing high oleic acid allele combinations plus other fatty acid modifying alleles were produced, and the seed was produced in multiple field environments over 2 years. Stable high oleic acid with low linolenic acid (<3.0%) was achieved with a 4‐allele combination. The target of >20% stearic acid in the seed oil was not achieved. Reducing total saturated fatty acids below 7% in a high oleic acid background was possible with mutant alleles of both an acyl‐ACP thioesterase B and a β‐ketoacyl‐[acyl‐carrier‐protein] synthase III gene. The results identified allele combinations that met the target fatty acid profile thresholds and were most stable across environments.
Frequency and Anatomic Distribution of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features in the Sacroiliac Joints of Young Athletes
Authors: Weber Ulrich , Jurik Anne Grethe , Zejden Anna , Larsen Ejnar , Jørgensen Steen Hylgaard , Rufibach Kaspar , Schioldan Christian , Schmidt‐Olsen Søren
Published: February 2018

Objective

Low‐grade bone marrow edema (BME) has been reported in the sacroiliac (SI) joints of 25% of healthy individuals and patients with nonspecific mechanical back pain, thus challenging the specificity and predictive value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the discrimination of early spondyloarthritis (SpA). It is unknown whether stress injury in competition sports may trigger BME. This study sought to explore the frequency and anatomic distribution of SI joint MRI lesions in recreational and elite athletes.

Methods

After pretest calibration, semicoronal MRI scans of the SI joints of 20 recreational runners before and after running and 22 elite ice hockey players were assessed for BME and structural lesions. Three readers assessed the MRI scans in a blinded manner, using an SI joint quadrant–based module; scans from tumor necrosis factor inhibitor–treated patients with SpA served for masking. The readers recorded subjects who met the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society (ASAS) definition of active sacroiliitis. For descriptive analysis, the frequency of SI joint quadrants exhibiting BME and structural lesions, as concordantly recorded by ≥2 of 3 readers, and their distribution in 8 anatomic SI joint regions (the upper and lower ilium and sacrum, subdivided in anterior and posterior slices) were determined.

Results

The proportions of recreational runners and elite ice hockey players fulfilling the ASAS definition of active sacroiliitis, as recorded concordantly by ≥2 of 3 readers, were 30–35% and 41%, respectively. In recreational runners before and after running, the mean ± SD number of SI joint quadrants showing BME was 3.1 ± 4.2 and 3.1 ± 4.5, respectively, while in elite ice hockey players, it was 3.6 ± 3.0. The posterior lower ilium was the single most affected SI joint region, followed by the anterior upper sacrum. Erosion was virtually absent.

Conclusion

In recreational and elite athletes, MRI revealed BME in an average of 3–4 SI joint quadrants, meeting the ASAS definition of active sacroiliitis in 30–41% of subjects. The posterior lower ilium was the single most affected SI joint region. These findings in athletes could help refine data‐driven thresholds for defining sacroiliitis in early SpA.
Recent Progress in Chemistry of Multiple Helicenes
Authors: Li Changqing , Yang Yong , Miao Qian
Published: February 2018

The last decade has witnessed multiple helicenes arising as an interesting class of nonplanar polycyclic aromatics of inherent multihelicity. These molecules present esthetic structures and interesting properties not available to helicenes of single helicity. Herein an overview of multiple helicenes with respect to structures, stereochemical dynamics, synthesis, and applications is provided. Recently reported multiple helicenes are surveyed with an emphasis on molecular structures and stereochemistry of multiple carbohelicenes. After this survey, the synthesis of multiple helicenes through the Scholl reaction is discussed and recent applications of multiple helicenes in organic electronics are summarized. On the basis of these discussions, conclusions are reached on the current status of multiple helicenes and an outlook for this field is provided.
Einfluss der Querdehnungsbehinderung auf das Trag‐ und Verformungsverhalten von Spannbeton‐Hohlplatten im Brandfall
Authors: Hothan Sascha , Pistol Klaus , Häßler Dustin
Published: February 2018

Spannbeton‐Hohlplatten (engl.: Hollow Core Slabs, HC‐Platten) werden insbesondere aus wirtschaftlichen Gründen als Deckensysteme im Hochbau eingesetzt. Bei einem 2007 aufgetretenen Brandereignis in einem Parkhaus in Rotterdam kam es zu einer teilweisen Ablösung des unteren Plattenspiegels [1]. Dies hatte eine europaweite Diskussion zur brandschutztechnischen Bewertung dieser Bauart zur Folge. Mittlerweile liegen eine Vielzahl von gutachterlichen Stellungnahmen, Literaturauswertungen und auch jüngeren Forschungsarbeiten zum Feuerwiderstand von Konstruktionen aus Spannbeton‐Hohlplatten vor [2]. In den Untersuchungen wurde unter anderem das Tragverhalten von HC‐Platten bei starrer Auflagerung, insbesondere hinsichtlich der Querkrafttragfähigkeit, analysiert.

Ein weiterer, bei der Prüfung und Bewertung von Spannbeton‐Hohlplatten bisher kaum beachteter Aspekt ist die im Brandfall auftretende Behinderung der Querdehnung. In der Praxis kann für HC‐Platten eine Querdehnungsbehinderung im Brandfall auftreten, wenn beispielsweise eine sehr steife Begrenzung des brandbeanspruchten Deckenbereichs vorliegt, z. B. durch Treppenhauskerne oder auch durch umgebende Deckenfelder bei lokaler Brandbeanspruchung. Um dieser Fragestellung nachzugehen, wurden an der BAM entsprechende experimentelle und numerische Untersuchungen an Deckenfeldern aus Spannbeton‐Hohlplatten mit unterschiedlicher seitlicher Zwängung durchgeführt [3]. Im Beitrag werden die im Realmaßstab durchgeführten Brandversuche ausführlich beschrieben und deren Ergebnisse und daraus abgeleiteten Erkenntnisse vorgestellt.

Die an der BAM durchgeführten Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, dass bei einer Zunahme der seitlichen Zwängung die Horizontalrissbildung in den Plattenstegen zu‐ und die Längsrissbildung abnimmt. Trotz der ausgeprägten Horizontalrissbildung kam es in den Brandversuchen nicht zu‐ einer Ablösung des unteren Plattenspiegels. Ebenso zeigte sich kein negativer Einfluss der Horizontalrisse auf das Trag‐ und Verformungsverhalten der brandbeanspruchten Deckenkonstruktion. Die Ergebnisse aus den Brandversuchen stehen zukünftig zur Validierung numerischer Modelle zur Verfügung.
Neuronal‐like differentiated SH‐SY5Y cells adaptation to a mild and transient H2O2‐induced oxidative stress
Authors: Akki Rachid , Siracusa Rosalba , Morabito Rossana , Remigante Alessia , Campolo Michela , Errami Mohammed , La Spada Giuseppina , Cuzzocrea Salvatore , Marino Angela
Published: February 2018

Preconditioning (PC) is a cell adaptive response to oxidative stress and, with regard to neurons, can be considered as a neuroprotective strategy. The aim of the present study was to verify how neuronal‐like differentiated SH‐SY5Y cells adapt to a mild and transient H2O2‐induced oxidative stress and, hence, whether may be considered as more sensitive cell model to study PC pathways. A first screening allowed to define H2O2 concentrations for PC (10μM‐50μM), applied before damage(100μM H2O2). Cell viability measured 24 hours after 100μM H2O2–induced damage was ameliorated by 24‐hour pre‐exposure to low‐concentration H2O2 (10μM‐30μM) with cell size as well restored. Markers for apoptosis (Bcl‐2 and Bad), inflammation (iNOS), and redox system (MnSOD) were also determined, showing that, in cells pre‐exposed to 10μM H2O2 and then submitted to 100μM H2O2, Bcl‐2 levels were higher, Bad and iNOS levels were lower than those observed in damaged cells, and MnSOD levels were unchanged. Such findings show that (1) neuronal‐like differentiated SH‐SY5Y cells are a suitable model to investigate PC response and more sensitive to the effect of a mild and transient H2O2‐induced oxidative stress with respect to other neuronal cells; (2) 10μM H2O2–induced PC is mediated by apoptotic and inflammatory pathways, unlike antioxidant system; (3) such neuroprotective strategy and underlying signals proven in neuronal‐like differentiated SH‐SY5Y cells may contribute to understand in vivo PC mechanisms and to define a window for pharmacological intervention, namely, related to ischemic brain damage.

Significance of the study

Neuronal‐like differentiated SH‐SY5Y cells are a suitable model to investigate PC, an endogenous neuroprotective response to a mild and transient H2O2‐induced oxidative stress, elicited by 24‐hour exposure to very low H2O2 concentrations and mediated by both apoptotic and inflammatory pathways. This model reflects in vivo PC mechanisms occurring after brain trauma and provides novel information about pathways and time of protection useful for an appropriate pharmacological intervention.