bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Termitomyces pakistanensis, a new mushroom species from Pakistan based on scanning electron microscopy and ITS‐rDNA barcoding
Authors: Razaq Abdul , Ishaq Aamna , Ilyas Sobia , Niaz Shereen , Sadia Sehrish
Published: November 2022

Termitomyces pakistanensis sp. nov. is a member of an edible genus generally distributed in Asia and Europe. This species has been described as new species based on its different morphology, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of basidiospores. The novelty and degree of endemism is confirmed by analyzing the genetic variation of the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS1–5.8 S–ITS2) of the ribosomal DNA gene, a universal fungal marker. The evolutionary affinities of new species is also evaluated with Asian and European species by phylogenetic analysis based on ITS sequences. In our phylogenetic analysis, this genus is found monophyletic comprising of two monophyletic sub clades: Clade I, Microcarpus, with small sized fruiting bodies generally less than 5 cm without pseudorrhiza and Clade II, Macrocarpus, with large sized fruiting bodies generally more than 5 cm having pseudorrhiza. All collections of Pakistani species clustered independently in Microcarpus clade showing their endemic genetic makeup as it is clustering independently. A comprehensive description, photographs of the basidiocarps and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs of spores are provided.

Research Highlights

It has a new species from Pakistan to world based on the scanning electron microscopy and further confirmed by DNA barcoding.

The exact shape and size of basidiospores of this novel species is first time introduced by using SEM analysis.

This genus is rarely described from Pakistan.

This paper has introduced a two clade, Microcarpus and macrocarpus, in the world for this genus.
Comparison of fiber reinforcing methods of composite resin: A flexural strength and stereo microscopy study
Authors: Cengiz Seda , Bagis Bora , Külünk Şafak , Velioğlu Neslin , Sağlam Gaye
Published: November 2022

This study aimed to compare the effect of fiber reinforcing methods on the flexural strength and failure modes of indirect composite resins. Based on the reinforcement methods, the bar specimens (3 × 3 × 25 mm) were divided into five groups (n = 20). Glass or polyethylene fibers were used for reinforcement of indirect composite resins. Fibers were either light polymerized and mixed with indirect composite resin or mixed with indirect composite resin after resin application and polymerized together. Indirect composite resin without fiber reinforcement was used as control. All five types of specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 h. Half of the specimens were additionally thermocycled. Then the specimens were tested in a three‐point bending test. Failure types were examined and categorized by using stereo microscope. The data were analyzed using two‐way ANOVA and Tukey HSD test. Flexural strength was found to be significantly higher for fiber‐reinforced indirect resin composites than control. However, the fiber‐reinforced groups did not present any significant difference. Analysis revealed aging does not affect the flexure strength of fiber reinforcement of indirect composite resin. The study concluded that the flexure strength of indirect composite resins was improved with fiber reinforcement. Different fiber reinforcement methods demonstrated similar effects on the flexure strength of indirect composite resin. Reinforcement with glass or polyethylene fibers presented the potential to improve the mechanical properties of indirect composite resins.

Research Highlights

Flexural strength of indirect composite resins are affected by the reinforcement of composites with glass or polyethylene fibers. Aging with thermocycling has no effect on the flexural strength of the indirect composite resins, however can cause catastrophic failures in material.
Micellar solubilization of binary organic liquid mixtures for surfactant enhanced aquifer remediation
Authors: Walker Douglas I. , Cápiro Natalie L. , Chen Emmie , Anderson Katelyn , Pennell Kurt D.
Published: November 2022

Although non‐aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) are typically released to the environment as complex mixtures, most investigations of subsurface remediation focus on single contaminants and ignore the potential effects of co‐constituents on mass recovery and groundwater plume evolution. In this study, we investigate the dissolution and micellar solubilization of binary NAPL mixtures in completely mixed batch reactors and heterogeneous aquifer cells using a commercially‐available nonionic surfactant, Tween® 80. Micellar solubilization of trichloroethene (TCE), tetrachloroethene (PCE), decane, and dodecane measured in batch studies containing binary mixtures of TCE/PCE or decane/dodecane exhibited nonideal behavior that could not be predicted using Raoult's law. For a mixed PCE/decane NAPL, micellar solubilization of PCE was approximately 40% less than predicted, while decane was over 100% greater, which was attributed to expansion of the micelle core. In two aquifer cells containing different size fractions of quartz sand and low‐permeability lenses, the initial NAPL (1:1 TCE:PCE) saturation distributions resulted in “pool” fractions (PFs) of 0.88 and 0.36. During the initial water flood, the greater aqueous solubility of TCE relative to PCE resulted in preferential removal of TCE from the source zone. However, when a 4% (wt) solution of Tween® 80 was introduced, preferential micellar solubilization of PCE relative to TCE resulted in enhanced removal of PCE, with TCE mass discharge reduced from 97% and 90% and PCE mass discharge reduced from 79% and 53%. The observed relationships between mass discharge and mass removal indicating that plume evolution is strongly influenced by the initial NAPL saturation distribution, changes in the mole fraction of NAPL constituents, and regions of high NAPL saturation that persist over time.
Geometrical and positional isomers of unsaturated furan fatty acids in food
Authors: Müller Franziska , Hammerschick Tim , Vetter Walter
Published: November 2022

Furan fatty acids (FuFA) are important antioxidants found in low concentrations in many types of food. In addition to conventional FuFA which normally feature saturated carboxyalkyl and alkyl chains, a few previous studies indicated the FuFA co‐occurrence of low shares of unsaturated furan fatty acids (uFuFA). For their detailed analysis, the potential uFuFA were enriched by centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) or countercurrent chromatography (CCC) followed by silver ion chromatography from a 4,7,10,13,16,19‐docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester oil, a 5,8,11,14,17‐eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester oil and a latex glove extract. Subsequent gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis enabled the detection of 16 individual uFuFA isomers with a double bond in conjugation with the central furan moiety. In either case, four instead of two uFuFA isomers previously reported in food, respectively, were detected by GC/MS. These isomers showed characteristic elution and abundance patterns in GC/MS chromatograms which indicated the presence of two pairs of cis/trans‐isomers (geometrical isomers).
Fine‐Tuning the Endcap Chemistry of Acrylated Poly(Ethylene Glycol)‐Based Hydrogels for Efficient Burn Wound Exudate Management
Authors: Minsart Manon , Deroose Nicolas , Parmentier Laurens , Van Vlierberghe Sandra , Mignon Arn , Dubruel Peter
Published: November 2022

Most commercial dressings with moderate to high exudate uptake capacities are mechanically weaker and/or require a secondary dressing. The current research article focuses on the development of hydrogel‐based wound dressings combining mechanical strength with high exudate absorption capacities using acrylate‐endcapped urethane‐based precursors (AUPs). AUPs with varying poly(ethylene glycol) backbone molar masses (10 and 20 kg mol−1) and endcap chemistries are successfully synthesized in toluene, subsequently processed into UV‐cured hydrogel sheets and are benchmarked against several commercial wound dressings (Hydrosorb, Kaltostat, and Mepilex Ag). The AUP materials show high gel fractions (>90%) together with strong swelling degrees in water, phosphate buffered saline and simulated wound fluid (12.7–19.6 g g−1), as well as tunable mechanical properties (e.g., Young's modulus: 0.026–0.061 MPa). The AUPs have significantly (p < 0.05) higher swelling degrees than the tested commercial dressings, while also being mechanically resistant. The elasticity of the synthesized materials leads to an increased resistance against fatigue. The di‐ and hexa‐acrylated AUPs show excellent in vitro biocompatibility against human foreskin fibroblasts, as evidenced by indirect MTS assays and live/dead cell assays. In conclusion, the processed AUP materials demonstrate high potential for wound healing application and can even compete with commercially available dressings.
3D‐Printed Bionic Ear for Sound Identification and Localization Based on In Situ Polling of PVDF‐TrFE Film
Authors: Yang Caokun , Xiang Yong , Liao Bin , Hu Xiaoran
Published: November 2022

Bionic acoustic sensors are an indispensable part to realize interactions between humans and robotics. In this work, a PVDF‐TrFE sensor array with multiple active pixels combined with a 3D‐printed bionic ear model is prepared, which can accurately detect sounds with different frequencies and locate the sound source from different directions. The PVDF‐TrFE sensor array can clearly identify the sound within 25 cm, and the error between the accepted sound frequency and the original input frequency is less than 0.001%. Through the algorithm analysis of the input signal, the location of the sound source can be immediately analyzed. Compared with other acoustic sensors, this sensor has the advantages of being self‐powered, small size, and high flexibility, which holds great potential for bionic applications.
A subclass of the Cowen–Douglas class and similarity
Authors: Ji Kui , Kwon Hyun‐Kyoung , Sarkar Jaydeb , Xu Jing
Published: November 2022

We consider a subclass of the Cowen–Douglas class in which the problem of deciding whether two operators are similar becomes more manageable. A similarity criterion for Cowen–Douglas operators is known to be dependent on the trace of the curvature of the corresponding eigenvector bundles. Unless the given eignvector bundle is a line bundle, the computation of the curvature, in general, is not so simple as one might hope. By using a structure theorem on Cowen–Douglas operators, we reduce the problem of finding the trace of the curvature by looking at the curvatures of the associated line bundles. Several questions related to the similarity problem are also taken into account.
Existence of exponential attractor to p(x)‐Laplacian via the l‐trajectories method
Authors: Carbone Vera Lúcia , Couto Thays Regina Santana
Published: November 2022

This article is devoted to the study of the existence of an exponential attractor for a family of problems, in which diffusion
blows up in localized regions inside the domain

and their limit problem via the
‐trajectory method.
Boundedness in a predator‐prey system with prey‐taxis and nonlinear gradient‐dependent sensitivity
Authors: Mi Ying‐Yuan , Song Cui
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we extend the global boundedness result for Keller‐Segel‐Navier‐Stokes system in Winkler (Z. Angew. Math. Phys. 72, 2021) to predator‐prey and Keller‐Segel systems in two dimensions. Under appropriate regularity assumption on the initial data, the global boundedness of classical solution is obtained.
A general decay result for the Cauchy problem of a fractional Laplace viscoelastic equation
Authors: Messaoudi Salim A. , Lacheheb Ilyes
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we investigate the general decay rate of the solutions for a class of fractional Laplace viscoelastic equations in the whole space
, given by

with
and
satisfying
. We prove the existence of a solution formula then use the energy method in the Fourier space to establish a general decay result which depends on
and
. We also present three illustrative examples by the end.
Existence and uniqueness of weak solutions to the Landau–Lifshitz equation for large ferromagnetic bodies
Authors: Xiong Shengwu , Han Zeye
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we follow the exchange model considered by Han, Tan, and Yang in [SIAM J. Math. Anal., 53(6), 7024–7061 (2021)] to consider the nonexchange case. More precisely, we study the weak solutions of the two‐ or three‐dimensional Landau–Lifshitz equation describing the nonexchange energy model in large ferromagnetic bodies. It is different from the classical Landau–Lifshitz equation because there is no regularization effect of the exchange energy. We prove the existence and uniqueness of global weak solutions. As a by‐product, we obtain the local time
‐stability of the weak solution.
Free‐breathing myocardial T1 mapping using inversion‐recovery radial FLASH and motion‐resolved model‐based reconstruction
Authors: Wang Xiaoqing , Rosenzweig Sebastian , Roeloffs Volkert , Blumenthal Moritz , Scholand Nick , Tan Zhengguo , Holme H. Christian M. , Unterberg‐Buchwald Christina , Hinkel Rabea , Uecker Martin
Published: November 2022

Purpose

To develop a free‐breathing myocardial mapping technique using inversion‐recovery (IR) radial fast low‐angle shot (FLASH) and calibrationless motion‐resolved model‐based reconstruction.

Methods

Free‐running (free‐breathing, retrospective cardiac gating) IR radial FLASH is used for data acquisition at 3T. First, to reduce the waiting time between inversions, an analytical formula is derived that takes the incomplete recovery into account for an accurate calculation. Second, the respiratory motion signal is estimated from the k‐space center of the contrast varying acquisition using an adapted singular spectrum analysis (SSA‐FARY) technique. Third, a motion‐resolved model‐based reconstruction is used to estimate both parameter and coil sensitivity maps directly from the sorted k‐space data. Thus, spatiotemporal total variation, in addition to the spatial sparsity constraints, can be directly applied to the parameter maps. Validations are performed on an experimental phantom, 11 human subjects, and a young landrace pig with myocardial infarction.

Results

In comparison to an IR spin‐echo reference, phantom results confirm good accuracy, when reducing the waiting time from 5 s to 1 s using the new correction. The motion‐resolved model‐based reconstruction further improves precision compared to the spatial regularization‐only reconstruction. Aside from showing that a reliable respiratory motion signal can be estimated using modified SSA‐FARY, in vivo studies demonstrate that dynamic myocardial maps can be obtained within 2 min with good precision and repeatability.

Conclusion

Motion‐resolved myocardial mapping during free‐breathing with good accuracy, precision and repeatability can be achieved by combining inversion‐recovery radial FLASH, self‐gating and a calibrationless motion‐resolved model‐based reconstruction.
Determining damage initiation of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites using machine learning
Authors: Post Alex , Lin Shiyao , Waas Anthony M. , Ustun Ilyas
Published: November 2022

Computational progressive failure analysis (PFA) is vital for the analysis of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites. The damage initiation criterion is one of the essential components of a PFA code to determine the transition of a material's state from pristine or microscopically damaged to macroscopically damaged. In this paper, data‐driven models are developed to determine the matrix damage initiation with the objective to save computation time. For 2D plane stress states, the computational cost for determining damage initiation can be dramatically reduced by implementing a binary search (BS) algorithm and predictive machine learning models. Machine learning models are evaluated against a regression problem of predicting damage crack angle as well as against a classification problem for predicting damage initiation outright. It is found that regression models perform much better for plane stress and 3D stress states when generating failure envelopes. In both cases, a neural network is able to produce a failure envelope that is over 99% accurate while reducing computational cost by over 90%.
In silico modeling human VPS13 proteins associated with donor and target membranes suggests lipid transfer mechanisms
Authors: Dall'Armellina Filippo , Stagi Massimiliano , Swan Laura E.
Published: November 2022

The VPS13 protein family constitutes a novel class of bridge‐like lipid transferases. Autosomal recessive inheritance of mutations in VPS13 genes is associated with the development of neurodegenerative diseases in humans. Bioinformatic approaches previously recognized the domain architecture of these proteins. In this study, we model the first ever full‐length structures of the four human homologs VPS13A, VPS13B, VPS13C, and VPS13D in association with model membranes, to investigate their lipid transfer ability and potential structural association with membrane leaflets. We analyze the evolutionary conservation and physicochemical properties of these proteins, focusing on conserved C‐terminal amphipathic helices that disturb organelle surfaces and that, adjoined, resemble a traditional Venetian gondola. The gondola domains share significant structural homology with lipid droplet surface‐binding proteins. We introduce in silico protein‐membrane models displaying the mode of association of VPS13A, VPS13B, VPS13C, and VPS13D to donor and target membranes, and present potential models of action for protein‐mediated lipid transfer.
A recursive formulation of one‐electron coupling coefficients for spin‐adapted configuration interaction calculations featuring many unpaired electrons
Authors: Ugandi Mihkel , Roemelt Michael
Published: November 2022

This work reports on a novel computational approach to the efficient evaluation of one‐electron coupling coefficients as they are required during spin‐adapted electronic structure calculations of the configuration interaction type. The presented approach relies on the equivalence of the representation matrix of excitation operators in the basis of configuration state functions and the representation matrix of permutation operators in the basis of genealogical spin eigenfunctions. After the details of this connection are established for every class of one‐electron excitation operator, a recursive scheme to evaluate permutation operator representations originally introduced by Yamanouchi and Kotani is recapitulated. On the basis of this scheme we have developed an efficient algorithm that allows the evaluation of all nonredundant coupling coefficients for systems with 20 unpaired electrons and a total spin of within only a few hours on a simple Desktop‐PC. Furthermore, a full‐CI implementation that utilizes the presented approach to one‐electron coupling coefficients is shown to perform well in terms of computational timings for CASCI calculations with comparably large active spaces. More importantly, however, this work paves the way to spin‐adapted and configuration driven selected configuration interaction calculations with many unpaired electrons.
Autonomous path planning for robot‐assisted pelvic fracture closed reduction with collision avoidance
Authors: Pan Mingzhang , Chen Yuan , Li Zhen , Liao Xiaolan , Deng Yawen , Bian Gui‐Bin
Published: November 2022

Background

Robot‐assisted pelvic fracture closed reduction (RPFCR) positively contributes to patient treatment. However, the current path planning suffers from incomplete obstacle avoidance and long paths.

Method

A collision detection method is proposed for applications in the pelvic environment to improve the safety of RPFCR surgery. Meanwhile, a defined orientation planning strategy (OPS) and linear sampling search (LSS) are coupled into the A* algorithm to optimise the reduction path. Subsequently, pelvic in vitro experimental platform is built to verify the augmented A*algorithm's feasibility.

Results

The augmented A* algorithm planned the shortest path for the same fracture model, and the paths planned by the A* algorithm and experience‐based increased by 56.12% and 89.02%, respectively.

Conclusions

The augmented A* algorithm effectively improves surgical safety and shortens the path length, which can be adopted as an effective model for developing RPFCR path planning.
Impact of Narrowing Density of States in Semiconducting Polymers on Performance of Organic Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Nakano Kyohei , Kaji Yumiko , Tajima Keisuke
Published: November 2022

To improve the performance of organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) employing π‐conjugated polymers, a basic understanding of the relationships between the material properties and device characteristics is crucial. Although the density of states (DOS) distribution is one of the essential material properties of semiconducting polymers, insights into how the DOS shape affects the mobility (µ), subthreshold swing (S), and contact resistance (RC) in OFETs remain lacking. In this study, by combining sensitive DOS measurements and multilayered OFET structures, it is experimentally demonstrated that narrower DOS widths in the polymer channels lead to higher µ, smaller S, and lower RC. By contrast, variation of the DOS in the bulk layer does not affect the performance. These results demonstrate a direct relationship between the polymer properties and OFET performance and highlight the importance of controlling the DOS width in π‐conjugated polymers.
Three‐Dimensional Numerical Simulation of Rime Ice Accretion on Polymeric Insulator Based on Computational Fluid Dynamics and its Experimental Verification
Authors: Zong Chunyu , Hu Yuyao , Jiang Xingliang , Du Qinjun , Rong Qingyu , Geng Kai
Published: November 2022

Ice accretion on transmission lines seriously threaten the stable operation of power grid. The current research focuses on the discharge development and flashover characteristics of ice‐covered insulator. Due to the irregular structure of the insulator, very few studies concentrate on the mechanism of ice accumulation. In the present study, the local collision coefficient was determined, and then a three‐dimensional numerical model for rime ice deposit accumulation on polymeric insulator was established based on computational fluid dynamics and verified by experiments. Results show that the local collision efficiency decreases along the rod and the edge of the shed from the front stagnation point to both sides, whose maximum values are 0.73 and 0.74 in the research scope. Rime ice amount on the insulator increases with the increment of environmental parameters including wind velocity, liquid water content, and median volume diameter of water droplet. It was proved by numerical simulation and artificial tests that the position with a high collision efficiency is heavily covered with rime ice. Through comparison and analysis, the numerical model can well simulate the process of rime ice accretion on polymeric insulator, and the relative error of ice amount between calculated by the model and that obtained by the test is less than 18.8%. The research in this paper realizes the visualization of rime ice‐coating process of polymeric insulator. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Nighttime Traffic Sign and Pedestrian Detection Using RefineDet with Time‐Series Information
Authors: Yamamoto Masaya , Sultana Rebeka , Ohashi Gosuke
Published: November 2022

Object detection is one of the most important tasks in computer vision‐based automation, such as advanced driver assistance systems in driving automation. It is preferable to detect traffic‐related objects at a far distance that appear small in the recorded scene in order to ensure maximum road safety while driving. As drivers tend to miss more traffic‐related objects at nighttime driving, this work focuses on nighttime in‐vehicle camera images. Because videos were recorded using an in‐vehicle camera, objects to be detected in this study, such as traffic signs and pedestrians, occupy a small size in the frame when far away from the own vehicle. Furthermore, it is necessary to take into account time‐series information to detect objects in sequential frames. Therefore, this research proposes an object detection model that combines the RefineDet small object detection model and the TSSD video detection model. Experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed model. Moreover, a publicly available benchmark dataset is used to confirm the performance of the proposed model regardless of daytime or nighttime images. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Fentanyl‐induced muscle rigidity in a dog during weaning from mechanical ventilation after emergency abdominal surgery: A case report
Authors: Sasaki Kazumasu , Rabozzi Roberto , Kasai Shinya , Ikeda Kazutaka , Ishikawa Tatsuya
Published: November 2022

A 22.5‐kg, 8.4‐year‐old female mixed breed dog was presented for an emergency ovariohysterectomy for pyometra. No neurological abnormalities were observed on preoperative physical examination. Surgery was completed uneventfully under fentanyl‐ and sevoflurane‐based anaesthesia. Cardiorespiratory indices remained stable under mechanical ventilation throughout the procedure. Approximately 23 min after the discontinuation of fentanyl infusion, the investigator noticed jaw closure and stiffness and thoraco‐abdominal muscle rigidity. To rule out fentanyl‐induced muscle rigidity, naloxone was administered. Following administration of naloxone, there was a return of spontaneous respiratory effort, indicated by capnogram and visible chest wall excursion. Based on the clinical signs and response to naloxone administration, the dog was diagnosed with suspected fentanyl‐induced muscle rigidity. Six minutes after the return of spontaneous respiration, the dog was extubated uneventfully without additional naloxone administration. During 4 days of postoperative hospitalization, no recurrent muscle rigidity was observed, and the patient was discharged safely. The total dose of fentanyl administered was 0.61 mg (27 μg kg−1).
Manganese–methionine chelate improves antioxidant activity, immune system and egg manganese enrichment in the aged laying hens
Authors: Khoshbin Mohammad Reza , Vakili Reza , Tahmasbi Abdol‐Mansour
Published: November 2022

Background

It has been reported that supplementation of manganese (Mn) could alleviate the negative effects of age on egg quality in laying hens. However, limited information is available on compensatory ways in order to reduce the adverse effects of hen age on health and Mn deposition in the body.

Objectives

The objectives were to investigate the effect of organic and inorganic sources of Mn on antioxidant activity, immune system, liver enzymes, shell quality and Mn deposition in the tissues of older laying hens.

Methods

A total of 250, 80‐week‐old Leghorn laying hens (w36) were allocated into five treatment groups with five replications in a completely randomised design. Treatments were control (without Mn supplementation), 100% Mn sulphate, 75% Mn sulphate + 25% organic Mn chelate, 50% Mn sulphate + 50% organic Mn chelate and 25% Mn sulphate + 75% organic Mn chelate.

Results

The groups fed 50 and 75% organic Mn chelate exhibited the lowest feed conversion ratio, as well as the maximum laying percentage, and egg weight and mass. Except to those fed 75% Mn sulphate, the hens received Mn supplements either as organic or inorganic, had higher immunoglobulin G and M compared with the control (p < 0.05). A significant elevation in the values of superoxide dismutase was observed in the hens receiving 50 and 75% organic Mn chelate when compared with the other treatments. The ALP activity decreased with increasing organic Mn chelate. Mn supplementation, either as organic or inorganic, increased Mn deposition in bone, egg yolk and shell, serum and liver.

Conclusion

Dietary supplementation with 50–75% Mn–methionine has the potential to replace Mn‐sulphate in laying hens’ diet for improving eggshell quality, Mn deposition in the eggshell, antioxidant capacity and immune response, as well as improving laying performance, egg weight and feed conversion ratio.
Cover Image, Volume 12, Issue 6
Authors: He Xin , Wu Baihua , Shang Youhao , Li Bingqi , Cheng Xiangsong , Liu Jian
Published: November 2022

The cover image is based on the Focus Article New phase space formulations and quantum dynamics approaches by Xin He et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/wcms.1619.

image
Clogging index: A tool to quantify filter bed clogging in horizontal subsurface flow macrophyte‐assisted vermifilter
Authors: Suhaib K. Hasim , Bhunia Puspendu
Published: November 2022

This study aimed to develop a mathematical index for quantifying filter bed clogging in horizontal subsurface flow macrophyte‐assisted vermifilter (HSSF‐MAVF). The developed clogging index (CI) simulates the porosity reduction in the HSSF‐MAVF bed due to the combined actions of deposition of suspended solids, biofilm generation, and plant growth. A series of experiments based on HSSF‐MAVF were conducted to examine the key parameters related to clogging of the vermifilter such as hydraulic loading rates (HLR), organic strength (COD), and total suspended solid (TSS) at different operating conditions for the treatment of synthetic dairy wastewaters. The index was then validated using the data collected from the experiments. The predicted CI was observed to be highly capable of replicating the clogging phenomenon, as observed in this experimental study within the error range of 2–8%. Based on the visual observation and value of CI, filter beds can be grouped as unclogged (CI < 25), partially clogged (25 < CI < 40), and clogged (40 < CI). Clogged filter beds with higher CI resulted in a 5–15% reduction in the COD removal performance of HSSF‐MAVFs. Moreover, the CI also envisages one to understand the individual contributions of biofilm growth, suspended solid deposition, and plant roots growth on the filter bed clogging during the operation of vermifilter and thus helps in deciding the proper setting of operational conditions to prolong the time of HSSF‐MAVF operations within the acceptable range of bed materials clogging.

Practitioner Points

A mathematical index was developed to quantify clogging of the HSSF‐MAVF.

Flow is the most sensitive parameter based upon the sensitivity analysis.

Dairy wastewater was used for the validation of CI.
Cutkosky’s theorem for massive one-loop Feynman integrals: part 1
Authors: Mühlbauer Maximilian
Published: November 2022

We formulate and prove Cutkosky’s Theorem regarding the discontinuity of Feynman integrals in the massive one-loop case up to the involved intersection index. This is done by applying the techniques to treat singular integrals developed in Fotiadi et al. (Topology 4(2):159–191, 1965) . We write one-loop integrals as an integral of a holomorphic family of holomorphic forms over a compact cycle. Then, we determine at which points simple pinches occur and explicitly compute a representative of the corresponding vanishing sphere. This also yields an algorithm to compute the Landau surface of a one-loop graph without explicitly solving the Landau equations. We also discuss the bubble, triangle and box graph in detail.
Association of extent of resection and functional outcomes in diffuse low-grade glioma: systematic review & meta-analysis
Authors: Elsheikh Mustafa , Bridgman Elsie , Lavrador Jose Pedro , Lammy Simon , Poon Michael Tin Chung
Published: November 2022

Background

Surgical resection offers survival benefits in patients with diffuse low-grade glioma (DLGG) but its association with functional outcomes is uncertain. This systematic review assessed functional outcomes associated with extent of resection (EoR) in adults with DLGG.

Methods

We searched Medline, Embase and CENTRAL on the 19th of February 2021 for observational studies reporting functional outcomes after surgical resection for patients aged ≥ 18 years with a new diagnosis of supratentorial DLGG according to any World Health Organization classification of primary brain tumors. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) informed our risk of bias assessments. The proportion of patients returning to work within 12 months entered a random-effects meta-analysis. PROSPERO registration number CRD42021238387.

Results

There were seven eligible moderate to high-quality (NOS > 6) observational studies identified from 1,183 records involving 234 patients with DLGG. Functional outcomes reported included neurocognition (n = 2 studies), performance status (n = 3), quality of life (QoL) (n = 1) and return to work (n = 6). The proportion of patients who returned to work within 12 months of surgery was 84% (95% confidence interval [CI] 50–96%, I-squared = 38%, 5 studies) for gross total resection, 66% (95% CI 14–96%, I2 = 57%, 5 studies) for subtotal resection, and 31% (95% CI 4–82%, I2 = 0%, 4 studies) for partial resection. There was insufficient data on other functional outcomes for quantitative synthesis.

Conclusion

A higher proportion of DLGG patients returned to work following gross total resection compared with those who had a subtotal or partial resection. Further studies with standardized assessments can clarify the association between EoR and different functional outcomes.
Do open citations give insights on the qualitative peer-review evaluation in research assessments? An analysis of the Italian National Scientific Qualification
Authors: Bologna Federica , Di Iorio Angelo , Peroni Silvio , Poggi Francesco
Published: November 2022

In the past, several works have investigated ways for combining quantitative and qualitative methods in research assessment exercises. Indeed, the Italian National Scientific Qualification (NSQ), i.e. the national assessment exercise which aims at deciding whether a scholar can apply to professorial academic positions as Associate Professor and Full Professor, adopts a quantitative and qualitative evaluation process: it makes use of bibliometrics followed by a peer-review process of candidates’ CVs. The NSQ divides academic disciplines into two categories, i.e. citation-based disciplines (CDs) and non-citation-based disciplines (NDs), a division that affects the metrics used for assessing the candidates of that discipline in the first part of the process, which is based on bibliometrics. In this work, we aim at exploring whether citation-based metrics, calculated only considering open bibliographic and citation data, can support the human peer-review of NDs and yield insights on how it is conducted. To understand if and what citation-based (and, possibly, other) metrics provide relevant information, we created a series of machine learning models to replicate the decisions of the NSQ committees. As one of the main outcomes of our study, we noticed that the strength of the citational relationship between the candidate and the commission in charge of assessing his/her CV seems to play a role in the peer-review phase of the NSQ of NDs.
Efficacy and safety of tisagenlecleucel in adult Japanese patients with relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma: results from the phase 2 ELARA trial
Authors: Fukuhara Noriko , Kato Koji , Goto Hideki , Takeshi Tajima , Kawaguchi Mayu , Tokushige Kota , Akashi Koichi , Teshima Takanori , Harigae Hideo , Schuster Stephen J. , Thieblemont Catherine , Dreyling Martin , Fowler Nathan
Published: November 2022

Background

Tisagenlecleucel yielded a high durable response rate in patients with relapsed/refractory (r/r) follicular lymphoma (FL) in the global phase 2 ELARA trial. Here, we report the efficacy, safety, and cellular kinetics of tisagenlecleucel in a subgroup of Japanese patients with r/r FL from ELARA.

Methods

ELARA (NCT03568461) is a global single-arm trial of tisagenlecleucel in patients with r/r FL who received ≥ 2 prior lines of therapy. The primary endpoint was the complete response rate (CRR), and the secondary endpoints were the overall response rate, duration of response, progression-free survival, overall survival, safety, and cellular kinetics.

Results

As of March 29, 2021, nine Japanese patients were enrolled and received tisagenlecleucel with a median follow-up of 13.6 months (range, 10.5‒19.3). Per independent review committee, CRR was 100% (95% CI 63.1‒100). Within 8 weeks of infusion, cytokine release syndrome (CRS) of any grade was reported in 6 patients (66.7%); however, no grade ≥ 3 CRS or any grade serious neurological events or treatment-related deaths were observed.

Conclusion

Tisagenlecleucel showed high efficacy and manageable safety in adult Japanese patients with r/r FL. Moreover, the clinical outcomes were similar to the global population, which supports the potential of tisagenlecleucel in Japanese patients with r/r FL.
Free will and the moral vice explanation of hell's finality
Authors: Hartman Robert J.
Published: November 2022

According to the Free Will Explanation of a traditional view of hell, human freedom explains why some human persons are in hell. Human freedom also explains its punishment and finality: persons in hell have freely developed moral vices that are their own punishment and that make repentance psychologically impossible. So, even though God continues to desire reconciliation with persons in hell, damned persons do not want reconciliation with God. But this moral vice explanation of hell's finality is implausible. I argue that God can and would make direct or indirect alterations in their character to give them new motivational reasons that re-enable their freedom to repent. Subsequently, I argue that it is probable that each damned person will be saved eventually, because there is a potential infinity of opportunities for free repentance. Thus, if the Free Will Explanation's descriptions of hell and divine love are correct, it is highly probable that each person in hell escapes to heaven.
Be wifmannes beweddunge: Betrothals and Weddings in Anglo-Saxon England
Authors: Cardwell Samuel
Published: November 2022

The Old English quasi-legal text Be wifmannes beweddunge (‘On the betrothal of a woman’) is a key source for understanding how marriages were contracted in late Anglo-Saxon England. This paper will use the nine clauses of Be wifmannes beweddunge as a window into a broader discussion of the Anglo-Saxon betrothal and wedding process. It will consider in turn the issue of licit and illicit unions, the economic and legal terms of the betrothal agreement, and the development of Christian wedding rites. It will argue that Be wifmannes beweddunge is fundamentally concerned with the legal, financial, physical and social protection of women within marriage. Moreover, it will argue that this text offers evidence for a gradual Christianisation of betrothal and wedding customs in late Anglo-Saxon England.
Writhed Analytical Magnetic Flux Rope Model
Authors: Weiss A. J. , Nieves‐Chinchilla T. , Möstl C. , Reiss M. A. , Amerstorfer T. , Bailey R. L.
Published: November 2022

Observations of magnetic clouds, within interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs), are often well described by flux rope models. Most of these assume either a cylindrical or toroidal geometry. In some cases, these models are also capable of accounting for non‐axisymmetric cross‐sections but they generally all assume axial invariance. It can be expected that any ICME, and its flux rope, will be deformed along its axis due to influences such as the solar wind. In this work, we aim to develop a writhed analytical magnetic flux rope model which would allow us to analytically describe a flux rope structure with varying curvature and torsion so that we are no longer constrained to a cylindrical or toroidal geometry. In this first iteration of our model we will solely focus on a circular cross‐section of constant size. We describe our flux rope geometry in terms of a parametrized flux rope axis and a parallel transport frame. We derive expressions for the axial and poloidal magnetic field components under the assumption that the total axial magnetic flux is conserved. We find an entire class of possible solutions, which differ by the choice of integration constants, and present the results for a specific example. In general, we find that the twist of the magnetic field locally changes when the geometry deviates from a cylinder or torus. This new approach also allows us to generate completely new types of in situ magnetic field profiles which strongly deviate from those generated by cylindrical or toroidal models.
Diurnal Variation of Summer Monsoon Season Precipitation Over Southern Hainan Island, China: The Role of Boundary Layer Inertial Oscillations Over Indochina Peninsula
Authors: Wang Xiucheng , Xue Ming , Zhu Kefeng , Zhang Yuehan , Fan Ziqi
Published: November 2022

In June after the onset of the East Asian summer monsoon season, rainfall on the south side of Hainan Island (HNI) of China exhibits a trimodal pattern with an unusual peak near noon. A typical case of 20 June 2017 is chosen to analyze the mechanisms through a convection‐permitting simulation together with rainfall observations. Clockwise rotation in low‐level winds is found at and off the coast of south HNI, leading to maximum onshore southwesterly winds in the late morning that is closely linked to the diurnal variation of rainfall. The offshore diurnal variations of low‐level winds are tracked upstream and attributed to boundary layer inertial oscillations over the inland plain of Indochina Peninsula. In addition, a short wide gap comprised mostly of hills lower than 700 m is located across the higher Annamite Range along the east coast of the Peninsula, right upstream of HNI. Nocturnal boundary layer low‐level jet (LLJ) forming over the plain passes through the gap with significant acceleration due to gap channeling and downslope flow effects, reaching peak intensity off the Peninsula coast at around 09 local standard time (LST). The enhanced LLJ propagates downstream towards HNI and impinges on the mountains at around 12 LST when rainfall reaches peak there. As the inertial‐oscillation‐indued perturbation winds approaching the Island weaken and eventually reverse direction, lifting weakens and low‐level stability increases as descending motion develops offshore. Rainfall on the southern Island therefore dissipates in late afternoon.
Modified Factorized Transient Wave Model in Tree Pipe Networks for Leak Localization With Less Boundary Measurements
Authors: Che Tong‐Chuan , Wang Xun , Zhou Ling , Duan Huan‐Feng
Published: November 2022

Pressure measurement within each boundary pipe of a tree network has been the prerequisite to the formulation of its factorized transient wave propagation model, which is essential for developing a robust and efficient leak localization algorithm. However, the accessibility of all boundary pipes cannot be always guaranteed in underground pipe networks. The inaccessibility of any one boundary pipe for pressure sensor placement would result in the complete invalidity of this elegant algorithm. To address this problem, this paper reformulates and modifies the factorized wave propagation model, which allows the leak localization algorithm to be implemented without the strict accessibility requirement of all boundary pipes. This is realized by linearizing and factorizing the point transfer matrices of boundary pipes based on the small leak approximation. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the modified algorithm can accurately localize a single leak and give a good estimation of multiple co‐existing leaks in a tree network. Moreover, the modified algorithm is verified by recent laboratory experiments conducted in a tree network of viscoelastic pipes, where a leak is successfully localized.
A large-scale genomic snapshot of Klebsiella spp. isolates in Northern Italy reveals limited transmission between clinical and non-clinical settings
Authors: Thorpe Harry A. , Booton Ross , Kallonen Teemu , Gibbon Marjorie J. , Couto Natacha , Passet Virginie , López-Fernández Sebastián , Rodrigues Carla , Matthews Louise , Mitchell Sonia , Reeve Richard , David Sophia , Merla Cristina , Corbella Marta , Ferrari Carolina , Comandatore Francesco , Marone Piero , Brisse Sylvain , Sassera Davide , Corander Jukka , Feil Edward J.
Published: November 2022

The Klebsiella group, found in humans, livestock, plants, soil, water and wild animals, is genetically and ecologically diverse. Many species are opportunistic pathogens and can harbour diverse classes of antimicrobial resistance genes. Healthcare-associated Klebsiella pneumoniae clones that are non-susceptible to carbapenems can spread rapidly, representing a high public health burden. Here we report an analysis of 3,482 genome sequences representing 15 Klebsiella species sampled over a 17-month period from a wide range of clinical, community, animal and environmental settings in and around the Italian city of Pavia. Northern Italy is a hotspot for hospital-acquired carbapenem non-susceptible Klebsiella and thus a pertinent setting to examine the overlap between isolates in clinical and non-clinical settings. We found no genotypic or phenotypic evidence for non-susceptibility to carbapenems outside the clinical environment. Although we noted occasional transmission between clinical and non-clinical settings, our data point to a limited role of animal and environmental reservoirs in the human acquisition of Klebsiella spp. We also provide a detailed genus-wide view of genomic diversity and population structure, including the identification of new groups.
A hybrid GNA instability
Authors: Karmakar Pralay Kumar , Kalita Dhrubajit , Atteya Ahmed
Published: November 2022

A semi-analytic admixed model formalism to study the stability effects of the inner crust regions against the local collective perturbations in non-rotating neutron stars is proposed. It consists of the viscoelastic heavy neutron-rich nuclei, superfluid neutrons, and degenerate quantum electrons. A normal spherical mode analysis yields a generalized linear dispersion relation multiparametrically mimicking the inner crust features of neutron stars. A hybrid gravito-nucleo-acoustic (GNA) instability mode is found to be excited. It is demonstrated that the electron density and the inner crust curvature act as its accelerating and antidispersive agents. In contrast, the heavy neutron-rich nucleus and neutron densities act as decelerating factors. The heavy nucleus density, electron density, and geometric curvature act as its destabilizers. It is only the neutron density that acts as the GNA stabilizing agent. The heavy neutron-rich nucleus and neutron densities are found to act as dispersive broadening factors to it. The high-$$K$$
K
regions are the more unstable spectral windows indicating that the GNA mode plays a dominant role in the inner crust zone towards the local stability. Its fair reliability is indicated in light of the recent astronomic observed scenarios. It could be useful to explore acoustic mode signatures in non-rotating neutron stars and similar other compact astroobjects.