bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intelligent Insulation Testing and Optimization Based on Machine Learning
Authors: Liu Sichen , Zhao Guowen , Zhang Huixin
Published: December 2024

To address the demand for high-precision insulation testing in modern complex cable networks, this study proposes and implements an intelligent insulation testing system based on FPGA technology. The system integrates decision tree (DT) models to enable efficient anomaly detection and process optimization. Utilizing the voltage-divider principle for insulation testing, the system extracts features such as maximum values, minimum values, and entropy to construct an explainable classification model capable of accurately monitoring different types of currents (leakage, absorption, and capacitive currents) during their decay processes. An adaptive post-processing filtering method is introduced to enhance classification accuracy and optimize testing efficiency by minimizing redundant range switching. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system achieves exceptional recognition accuracy and process stability across a wide range of resistances, significantly advancing the intelligence of insulation testing while improving measurement efficiency by 54.71%. This innovative solution provides a robust approach for high-demand electrical performance assessments.
An IoT Framework for Assessing the Correlation Between Sentiment-Analyzed Texts and Facial Emotional Expressions
Authors: Petruc Sebastian-Ioan , Bogdan Razvan , Ionascu Marian-Emanuel , Nimara Sergiu , Marcu Marius
Published: December 2024

Emotion monitoring technologies leveraging detection of facial expressions have gained important attention in psychological and social research due to their ability of providing objective emotional measurements. However, this paper addresses a gap in the literature consisting of the correlation between emotional facial response and sentiment analysis of written texts, developing a system capable of recognizing real-time emotional responses. The system uses a Raspberry Pi 4 and a Pi Camera module in order to perform real-time video capturing and facial expression analysis with the DeepFace version 0.0.80 model, while sentiment analysis of texts was performed utilizing Afinn version 0.1.0. User secure authentication and real-time database were implemented with Firebase. Although suitable for assessing psycho-emotional health in test takers, the system also provides valuable insights into the strong compatibility of the sentiment analysis performed on texts and the monitored facial emotional response, computing for each testing session the “compatibility” parameter. The framework provides an example of a new methodology for performing comparisons between different machine learning models, contributing to the enhancement of machine learning models’ efficiency and accuracy.
Deep Learning-Empowered RF Sensing in Outdoor Environments: Recent Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions
Authors: Nguyen Quang D. M. , Lukito William D. , Liu Xuemeng , Liu Chang
Published: December 2024

Recently, with advancements in Deep Learning (DL) technology, Radio Frequency (RF) sensing has seen substantial improvements, particularly in outdoor applications. Motivated by these developments, this survey presents a comprehensive review of state-of-the-art RF sensing techniques in challenging outdoor scenarios with practical issues such as fading, interference, and environmental dynamics. We first investigate the characteristics of outdoor environments and explore potential wireless technologies. Then, we study the current trends in applying DL to RF-based systems and highlight its advantages in dealing with large-scale and dynamic outdoor environments. Furthermore, this paper provides a detailed comparison between discriminative and generative DL models in support of RF sensing, offering insights into both the theoretical underpinnings and practical applications of these technologies. Finally, we discuss the research challenges and present future directions of leveraging DL in outdoor RF sensing.
FSCA: Few-Shot Learning via Embedding Adaptation with Corner Multi-Head Attention
Authors: Xu Rui , Huang Jitao , Li Yuqi , Dong Dianxin , Liu Shuang , Tian Zijing , Ou Zhonghong , Song Meina
Published: December 2024

The demand for computer vision applications has been growing in recent years. However, most tasks in real-world scenarios are in the state of small amounts of data, and the discriminability of features results in low performance in few-shot settings. In order to obtain discriminability features in unknown classes more robustly, we first propose a simple and effective few-shot feature augmentation scheme called corner multi-head attention (CMA). The CMA module aims to project corner features through multi-head attention into a task-specific feature space through corner detection without sacrificing the generalization ability of the few-shot model. We then construct a representation space for few-shot classification by adaptively embedding the skeleton (EA). Finally, we proposed a few-shot classification framework, namely FSCA (Few-Shot Embedding Adaptation with Corner Multi-Head Attention). Its CMA module has low coupling, supports plug-and-play, and can easily be embedded into various models. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, we conducted experiments on three few-shot classification data sets, CUB-200-2011, miniImageNet, and tieredImageNet, and we performed a t-SNE clustering visual analysis. The experimental results show that it achieves continuous improvements over state-of-the-art methods on three widely used few-shot classification benchmarks. Specifically, on the miniImageNet data, the performance of FSCA under the five-way, one-shot and five-shot settings improved by an average of 1.6–4.5% and 2.2–5.4%, respectively.
Toward Enhanced Reliability: An Efficient Method for Link-Local Retransmission in a Programmable Data Plane
Authors: Kong Chenxiao , Song Lei , Li Yifei
Published: December 2024

In wide-area networks (WANs) with high-speed, lossless transmission requirements, avoiding packet loss is crucial for ensuring link reliability, and maintaining link utilization over long distances is equally important. In this paper, we explore strategies for leveraging malfunctioning network links through link-local retransmission, optimizing our approach specifically for wide-area networks. To enhance performance, we select the duplicate threshold (dupthresh) based on the mean length deviation, which helps avoid triggering a certain portion of spurious fast retransmissions and reduces link bandwidth usage in an out-of-order environment. We evaluated our implementation on a programmable switch platform and found that this system maintained a low packet loss rate within a 10 Gbps line rate environment. It also reduces false retransmissions by 25% in the case of out-of-order links.
Dynamically Tunable Multifunction Attenuator Based on Graphene-Integrated Dual-Mode Microstrip Resonators
Authors: Yang Zhi-Qiang , Wen Quan-Long , Fan Chi , Wu Bian , Qiu Yang
Published: December 2024

In this paper, a method for the design of tunable multifunctional attenuators is proposed by analyzing the characterization of dual-mode microstrip resonators loaded by a graphene-sandwiched structure (GSS). Firstly, the odd–even mode method is applied to analyze the resonance characteristics of two common GSS-loaded dual-mode resonators, which clearly describe the influence of graphene on these resonators. Then, two kinds of multifunctional attenuator with dynamically tunable attenuation are proposed based on graphene-integrated dual-mode resonators, which enables controllable characteristics and multi-frequency transmission options for traditional attenuating devices. Finally, all the proposed multifunctional attenuators are fabricated and measured. The experimental results are in good agreement with the simulation results, which further verifies the conclusions and design method proposed in this paper.
Research on the Effect of Nonlinear Variation in Insulation Resistance on the Voltage Divider Ratio of 2 × 550 kV DC Voltage Proportional Standard Device
Authors: Gao Yin , Chen Ximing , Duan Yuqing , Gao Ran , Wang Chao , Chen Zheng , Lin Fei , Zhuang Lei , Zhu Wanjun , He Min , Qin Liang
Published: December 2024

This paper investigates the effect of nonlinear changes in insulation resistance on the accuracy of a 2 × 550 kV DC voltage scaling standard device. As the voltage and electric field strength increase, the insulating material exhibits nonlinear conductivity characteristics, leading to a decrease in the insulation resistance value, which in turn affects the potential distribution and the partial voltage ratio and thus reduces the measurement accuracy of the standard device. In order to study this problem in depth, this paper builds a nonlinear resistance measurement platform for insulating materials, and it fits and analyzes the experimental data using an NCIR neural network (Neural Network for Nonlinear Characteristics of Insulation Resistance). In addition, in this paper, the finite element model of the standard device was established by ANSYS simulation, and the equivalent resistance network model was established by applying MATLAB in order to calculate the variation in the voltage dividing ratio under different voltages. The results of the study showed that the nonlinear variation in insulation resistance significantly affects the voltage division ratio of the standard device, especially at high voltage conditions. Addressing the issue, this paper proposes to optimize the electric field distribution by optimizing the structure of the grading ring and adding a shielding resistor layer to reduce the influence of nonlinear effects. Simulation results show that the addition of a second layer to the shielding resistor can effectively improve the measurement accuracy of the device, and the reduction in voltage division ratio error is significant. Compared with the case of a shielding resistor with only one layer, the voltage divider ratio was reduced from 109,998.203 to 109,998.994, and the relative error was reduced 44%, changing from 1.634 × 10−5 to 9.15 × 10−6. The above study provides an optimized solution for achieving high-precision DC voltage measurement.
Static Output Feedback Control for Vehicle Platoons with Robustness to Mass Uncertainty
Authors: Viadero-Monasterio Fernando , Gutiérrez-Moizant Ramón , Meléndez-Useros Miguel , López Boada María Jesús
Published: December 2024

Population growth and rising mobility demands have significantly increased traffic congestion and extended travel times. To address these challenges, traffic flow can be optimized by organizing vehicles into clusters, known as vehicle platoons, where cars travel closely together in a co-ordinated manner. Although the concept of vehicle platoon control holds great promise for improving traffic efficiency and reducing fuel consumption, its practical implementation faces several issues. Variations in vehicle specifications, such as differences in mass, can destabilize platoons and negatively impact overall performance. This paper introduces a novel method to maintain stable vehicle co-ordination despite such uncertainties. The proposed method utilizes a static output feedback control strategy, which simplifies the communication architecture within the platoon, as only partial state information from each vehicle is required. The simulation results demonstrate that this method effectively minimizes spacing errors and ensures platoon stability. This approach not only enhances safety but also improves traffic flow, making it a viable strategy for future intelligent transportation systems.
An Energy Storage System for Regulating the Maximum Demand of Traction Substations
Authors: Zhou Fangyuan , Tang Zhaohui , Zhang Xiaolong , Chou Lebin , Tan Da
Published: December 2024

With the development of electrified railways towards high speed and heavy load, the peak power of traction loads is increasing, and the maximum demand and negative sequence current of traction substations are also increasing. Therefore, this article proposes an energy storage system (ESS) based on Li-ion batteries for regulating the maximum demand of traction substations. An ESS is connected to the DC bus of a railway power conditioner (RPC), which is connected to the two power supply arms of the traction substation. In response to the large fluctuation of traction load, this paper proposes a maximum demand active regulation method based on short-term prediction of traction load. The short-term prediction of traction load adopts a time series short-term load prediction method based on BP neural network error correction. Then, based on the load prediction value of the traction substation and the state of charge of the ESS, a collaborative control strategy for ESS and RPC is formulated to enable RPC to achieve a negative sequence suppression function simultaneously. Finally, simulation experiments were conducted using MATLAB, and the results showed that compared with the traditional maximum demand regulation method based on peak power reference values, the method proposed in this paper significantly reduces the number of ESS charging and discharging cycles, improves the regulation effect of maximum demand, and has a higher net income during the lifecycle. At the same time, it also takes into account the negative sequence current suppression function, thereby improving the comprehensive economic benefits of railways and the quality of power grids.
Study on the Combustion Characteristics of Seven Common Broadleaf Plant Species in Southern China
Authors: Ji Yuanfan , Huang Rui , Jia Jiacheng , Yin Jiangjiang , Chen Yige
Published: December 2024

Due to the frequent occurrence of forest fires worldwide, which cause severe economic losses and casualties, it is essential to explore the mechanisms of forest fires. In this study, seven common broadleaf plant species from southern China were selected to observe their microscopic structural parameters. The combustion performance parameters of the leaves of these seven species were measured using a cone calorimeter, and the relationship between the microscopic structure and combustion performance was analyzed. Additionally, factor analysis was used to study the combustion intensity factor (F1), fire resistance intensity factor (F2), and the comprehensive fire risk degree (F) of the leaves of the seven plant species. Finally, regression analysis was performed between the microscopic structural parameters and the comprehensive fire risk factor. The results show the following: (1) The ratio of spongy mesophyll to palisade cells (S/P) affects the combustion performance of plant leaves. (2) The ranking of the comprehensive fire risk factor for the leaves of the seven plant species is as follows: Osmanthus fragrans var. semperflorens (OFS) > Cinnamomum camphora (CC) > Loropetalum chinense (R. Br.) Oliv. (LC) > Pterocarya stenoptera C. DC. (PS) > Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum (LCVR) > Photinia beauverdiana C. K Schneid. (PB) > Styphnolobium japonicum (L.) Schott (SJ). (3) There is a strong exponential relationship between the comprehensive fire risk factor and the microscopic structural parameters. This study is beneficial for selecting fire-resistant tree species and monitoring species with higher comprehensive fire risk.
Layer-by-Layer Biopolymer-Coated Deformable Liposomes–In Situ Gel: A Hybrid Strategy for Enhanced Ocular Delivery of Itraconazole: In Vitro and In Vivo Appraisal
Authors: Badran Mohamed M. , Alsubaie Areej , Bekhit Mounir M. Salem , Alomrani Abdullah H. , Almomen Aliyah
Published: December 2024

Itraconazole (ITZ) is a potent antifungal agent. Its oral administration is associated with systemic toxicity, and its efficacy in ocular formulations is limited. This study aims to enhance ITZ’s ocular permeation and antifungal efficacy by loading it into deformable liposomes (DLs) based on Tween 80 (T) or Poloxamer 188 (P). Moreover, ITZ was loaded into biopolymer-coated DLs to augment its ocular availability. ITZ-loaded DLs were coated with hyaluronic acid (HA-DLs), chitosan (CS-DLs), or a layer-by-layer coating (CS/HA-DLs). These formulations were further laden into pH-sensitive in situ gels to provide a hybrid system to intensify their ocular adhesion properties. The prepared DLs were successfully prepared with vesicle sizes in nonorange (<200 nm). The zeta potential values of DLS were negative before coating and shifted to high negativity with HA coating and positivity with CS and CS/HA bilayer coating. These variations of zeta potential indicate successful CS and HA coatings. The optimized A high EE% was achieved with DLs-T: 89% (CS/HA-DLs-T), 86% (CS-DLs-T), 85% (HA-DLs-T), and 79% (HA-DLs-T). Therefore, DLs-T were incorporated into in situ gels, displaying optimal gelling capacity and viscosity. The release rate of ITZ from the coated DLs-laden in situ gels was slower than that observed with the uncoated DLs-gel. CS/HA-DLs-T laden-in situ gels showed the highest ex vivo transcorneal permeability and antifungal efficacy. These data suggest that the layer-by-layer-CS/HA-DLs-T presents a hopeful strategy for the ocular delivery of ITZ, offering a promising approach for managing ocular fungal infections.
Non-Invasive Techniques for Monitoring Cultural Heritage: Change Detection in Dense Point Clouds at the San Pietro Barisano Bell Tower in Matera, Italy
Authors: Fattore Carmen , Porcari Sara , Priore Arcangelo , Porcari Vito Domenico
Published: December 2024

This study examines change detection techniques in dense point clouds for the purpose of cultural heritage preservation, with a particular focus on the San Pietro Barisano Bell Tower in Matera, Italy. Dense point clouds, obtained via laser scanning, offer detailed 3D representations of heritage structures, facilitating the precise monitoring of changes over time. The investigation uses a variety of change detection algorithms, including the Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm, which is renowned for its robust registration capabilities in aligning point clouds with high accuracy. The combination of ICP with deviation analysis and feature-based methods allows for the effective identification of alterations, including deformations, material loss, and surface degradation. This methodology establishes a comprehensive framework for the monitoring of cultural heritage, thereby enabling timely and targeted preservation efforts. The results emphasise the substantial contribution of dense point cloud analysis to the enhancement of heritage management and the safeguarding of vulnerable architectural sites.
Revealing Land-Use Dynamics on Thermal Environment of Riverine Cities Under Climate Variability Using Remote Sensing and Geospatial Techniques
Authors: Iftakhar Nazia , Islam Fakhrul , Izhar Hussain Mohammad , Ahmad Muhammad Nasar , Lee Jinwook , Ur Rehman Nazir , Qaysi Saleh , Alarifi Nassir , Youssef Youssef M.
Published: December 2024

Urbanized riverine cities in southern Asian developing countries face significant challenges in understanding the spatiotemporal thermal impacts of land use/land cover (LULC) changes driven by rapid urbanization and climatic variability. While previous studies have investigated factors influencing land surface temperature (LST) variations, gaps persist in integrating Landsat imagery (7 and 8), meteorological data, and Geographic Information System (GIS) tools to evaluate the thermal effects of specific LULC types, including cooling and warming transitions, and their influence on air temperature under variable precipitation patterns. This study investigates LST variations in Islamabad, Pakistan, from 2000 to 2020 using quantile classification at three intervals (2000, 2010, 2020). The thermal contributions of each LULC type across the LST-based temperature classes were analyzed using the Land Contribution Index (LCI). Finally, Warming and Cooling Transition (WCT) maps were generated by intersecting LST classes with 2000 as the baseline. Results indicated a rise in LST from 32.39 °C in 2000 to 45.63 °C in 2020. The negative LCI values revealed that vegetation and water bodies in lower temperature zones (Ltc_1 to Ltc_3) contributed to cooling effects, while positive LCI values in built-up and bare land areas in higher temperature zones (Ltc_5–Ltc_7) exhibited warming effects. The WCT map showed a general warming trend (cold-to-hot type) from 2000 to 2020, particularly in newly urbanized areas due to a 49.63% population increase, while cooling effects (hot-to-cold type) emerged in the newly developed agricultural lands with a 46.46% rise in vegetation. The mean annual air temperature gap with LST narrowed from 11.55 °C in 2000 to 2.28 °C in 2020, reflecting increased precipitation due to increasing yearly rainfall from 982.88 mm in 2000 to 1365.47 mm in 2020. This change also coincided with an expansion of water bodies from 2.82 km2 in 2000 to 6.35 km2 in 2020, impacting the local climate and hydrology. These findings highlight the importance of green spaces and water management to mitigate urban heat and improve ecological health.
Calcium and Magnesium Regulation of Kernel Sugar Content in Maize: Role of Endogenous Hormones and Antioxidant Enzymes
Authors: He Zhaoquan , Shang Xue , Jin Xiaoze , Wang Xiukang , Xing Yingying
Published: December 2024

Ca and Mg are essential micronutrients for plant growth, and they play a crucial role in plant development and responses to adversity by influencing the activities of endogenous hormones and antioxidant enzymes. However, the specific mechanisms through which calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) regulate the kernel sugar content through endogenous hormones and antioxidant enzymes remain unclear. In this study, we analyzed the impact of Ca and Mg on the physiology of maize leaves and kernel quality by determining the activities of antioxidant enzymes and endogenous hormones, and the kernel sugar content in maize leaves when supplemented with different levels of Ca and Mg. Our main findings were as follows: (1) Elevated Mg levels augmented superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, bolstering antioxidant defenses, whereas low Ca and Mg levels diminished SOD activity. High Ca levels enhanced catalase (CAT) activity during kernel development. Low−Ca conditions stimulated gibberellin (GA) synthesis, while high−Ca and high−Mg conditions suppressed it. High Mg levels also elevated abscisic acid (ABA) levels, potentially improving stress tolerance. (2) High Ca levels increased the reducing sugar content in kernels, augmenting the energy supply, while both low and high Mg levels increased soluble sugars, with low Mg levels specifically enhancing the sucrose content, which is a critical energy reserve in plants. (3) CAT exerted a pivotal regulatory role in the sugar accumulation in maize kernels. GA, under the influence of Ca, modulated the sucrose and soluble sugar contents by inhibiting CAT, whereas ABA, under the influence of Mg, promoted CAT activity, thereby affecting the kernel sugar content. This study reveals a new mechanism through which the addition of Ca and Mg regulate the sugar content in maize kernels by affecting endogenous hormones and antioxidant enzyme activities. These findings not only enhance our understanding of the role of micronutrients in plant growth and development but also provide new strategies for improving crop yield and stress tolerance.
Parent Reports of Developmental Service Utilization After Newborn Screening
Authors: Reynolds Elizabeth , Potter Sarah Nelson , Scott Samantha , Bailey Donald B.
Published: December 2024

Newborn screening (NBS) presents an opportunity to identify a subset of babies at birth who are at risk for developmental delays and could benefit from a range of developmental services. Potential developmental services in the United States include Part C Early Intervention (EI), private therapies, and school-based services. Using parent-reported outcomes, this study examined the rates at which a sample of children diagnosed with NBS conditions used each developmental service. An online survey of 153 parents representing children with 27 different NBS conditions found that nearly 75% of children (n = 112) used at least one developmental service, with private therapies being the most frequent. Children were referred to EI relatively early and were often eligible because their medical diagnosis automatically qualified them. When examining condition-specific results for children with severe combined immunodeficiencies, congenital hypothyroidism, and Pompe disease, we found variability in rates of use, with high rates overall. Our findings suggest that many children diagnosed with an NBS condition continue to have developmental delays even after they receive appropriate medical care. Future research with more systematic follow-up is needed to understand whether the NBS program facilitates entry into these services and whether more streamlined processes could benefit children and families.
Multi-Temporal Energy Management Strategy for Fuel Cell Ships Considering Power Source Lifespan Decay Synergy
Authors: Zhou Xingwei , Yang Xiangguo , Zhou Mengni , Liu Lin , Niu Song , Zhou Chaobin , Wang Yufan
Published: December 2024

With increasingly stringent maritime environmental regulations, hybrid fuel cell ships have garnered significant attention due to their advantages in low emissions and high efficiency. However, challenges related to the coordinated control of multi-energy systems and fuel cell degradation remain significant barriers to their practical implementation. This paper proposes an innovative multi-timescale energy management strategy that focuses on optimizing the lifespan decay synergy of fuel cells and lithium batteries. The study designs an attention-based CNN-LSTM hybrid model for power prediction and constructs a two-stage optimization framework: The first stage employs Model Predictive Control (MPC) for long-term power planning to optimize equivalent hydrogen consumption, while the second stage focuses on real-time power allocation considering both power source degradation and system operational efficiency. The simulation results demonstrate that compared to single-layer MPC and the Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS), the proposed method exhibits significant advantages in reducing single-voyage costs, minimizing differences in power source degradation rates, and alleviating power source stress. The overall performance of this strategy approaches the global optimal solution obtained through Dynamic Programming, comprehensively validating its superiority in simultaneously optimizing system economics and durability.
Analysis of the Characteristics of Ship Collision-Avoidance Behavior Based on Apriori and Complex Network
Authors: Wang Shipeng , Gang Longhui , Liu Tong , Lan Zhixun , Li Congwei
Published: December 2024

The exploration of ship collision avoidance behavior characteristics can provide a theoretical basis for ship collision risk assessment and collision avoidance decision-making, which is significant for ensuring maritime navigation safety and the development of intelligent ships. In order to scientifically and effectively analyze the characteristics of ship collision-avoidance behavior and to seek the intrinsic connections among ship collision-avoidance behavior feature parameters(CABFPS), this study proposes a method that combines the Apriori algorithm and complex network theory to mine ship collision-avoidance behavior characteristics from massive AIS spatiotemporal data. Based on obtaining ship encounter samples and CABFPS from AIS data, the Apriori algorithm is used to mine the association rules of motion parameters, and the maximum mutual information coefficient is employed to represent the correlation between parameters. Complex networks of CABFPS for different encounter situations are constructed, and network topological indicators are analyzed. Mutual information theory is applied to identify key parameters affecting ship collision- avoidance behavior under different situations. The analysis using actual AIS data indicates that during navigation, the relationships among various parameters are closely linked and prone to mutual influence. The impact of CABFPS on ship collision-avoidance actions varies under different encounter scenarios, with relative distance and DCPA having the greatest influence on ship collision-avoidance actions. This method can comprehensively and accurately mine the correlations between CABFPS and the influence mechanism of parameters on collision-avoidance actions, providing a reference for intelligent ship navigation and the formulation of collision-avoidance decisions.
Small Interfering RNA in Kidney Diseases: Promises and Limitations
Authors: Losito Attilio , Solano Giuseppe
Published: December 2024

Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are short, double-stranded RNA molecules that play a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression, particularly through a natural process called RNA interference (RNAi). Their discovery, about 25 years ago, paved the way for a whole series of research leading to synthetic molecules. The gene silencing potential of these siRNAs was initially oriented towards diseases resulting from genetic dysfunctions. This led to the development of the first synthetic siRNAs approved for human use in hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis. Subsequently, the field of application expanded beyond the confines of genetic diseases. The refinement of pharmacological techniques has led to the synthesis of a variety of siRNAs capable of blocking the production of individual proteins responsible for various disease conditions, thus expanding their field of therapeutic application. The kidney has also been affected by this new therapeutic tool, largely indirectly but also, with some difficulty, directly. The structural complexity of the kidney has made the search for siRNAs targeting its individual components very challenging. Nevertheless, the first results of the application of this new therapeutic technology to the kidney are beginning to be seen in experimental animals and in humans. siRNAs have been approved for the treatment of amyloidosis with patisiran and oxalosis with lumasiran and nedosiran. Studies are ongoing for the use of siRNAs as anti-complement drugs in IgA nephropathy, as angiotensinogen inhibitors in hypertension, or against some mediators of acute kidney injury. In this review, the biological mechanisms underlying the use of siRNAs are briefly exposed. The results of the therapeutic application of RNA interference to the kidney and its diseases are also analyzed and discussed.
Three Unrelated Patients of Roma Ethnicity from a Single Center Carrying the Same Deletion in MYD88 Gene: A Founder Effect?
Authors: Romano Roberta , Cillo Francesca , Grilli Laura , Ciaccio Alessio , Bufalo Lorenzo , Toriello Elisabetta , De Rosa Antonio , Rosano Carmen , Cirillo Emilia , Blasio Giancarlo , Comegna Marika , Di Domenico Carmela , Castaldo Giuseppe , Pignata Claudio , Giardino Giuliana
Published: December 2024

MyD88 deficiency is a rare inborn error of immunity (IEI) characterized by susceptibility to pyogenic infections without overt signs of inflammation. Half of the reported patients belong to Roma descent, an itinerant ethnic group living mostly in Europe, with an increased risk of childhood mortality due to limited access to healthcare services. We describe three unrelated patients from the Campania region in Italy with MyD88 deficiency, all belonging to Roma descent and displaying severe or recurrent infections in early infancy. They underwent a comprehensive immunological work-up including targeted next-generation sequencing for IEIs that identified a homozygous pathogenic in-frame deletion c.157_159del p.(Glu53del) in MYD88 gene, already described in this ethnic group, suggesting a founder effect. A high level of alert should be kept in patients of Roma ethnicity with early onset severe infections. Moreover, being associated with increased Immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels, this condition should be included in the differential diagnosis of Hyper-IgE syndromes.
Sarcopenia as a Predictor of Mortality in a Cohort of Elderly Patients Undergoing Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
Authors: Mulinacci Giacomo , Conti Clara Benedetta , Savino Alberto , Gandola Davide , Ippolito Davide , Frego Roberto , Redaelli Alessandro Ettore , Maino Marta , Dinelli Marco Emilio
Published: December 2024

Background and aims: Despite technical advances, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is associated with complications and potentially lethal outcomes. Sarcopenia, a complex syndrome mainly associated with aging, has been recognized as a predictor of poor surgical outcomes. Thus far, the impact of sarcopenia on ERCP remains unknown. The present study evaluates the role of sarcopenia as a predictor of ERCP-related outcomes in a cohort of elderly patients. Methods: Patients who underwent ERCP between June 2019 and January 2023 were retrospectively included. Demographic and procedure-associated data were collected. Sarcopenia was assessed using the skeletal muscle index (SMI) measured from a single axial slice through the L3 vertebra on a CT scan. ERCP-related outcomes were recorded. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to assess the correlation between sarcopenia and procedural outcomes. Results: In total, 256 patients were enrolled, of whom 30 (11.7%) were sarcopenic. Cardiopulmonary complications of ERCP occurred in 3.5%. Sarcopenia was associated with higher 30-day and 12-month post-ERCP mortality (OR 3.45, p = 0.03; OR 3.87, p = 0.004) and longer hospitalization time (7 vs. 11 days, p = 0.003). Conclusions: SMI is an easy and objective index of sarcopenia that could be used to predict ERCP outcomes. Indeed, sarcopenia was independently associated with prolonged hospitalization and increased mortality in a retrospective cohort of elderly patients.
Effect Size of Targeted Temperature Management in Pediatric Patients with Post-Cardiac Arrest Syndrome According to the Severity
Authors: Namba Takeshi , Nishikimi Mitsuaki , Emoto Ryo , Kikutani Kazuya , Ohshimo Shinichiro , Matsui Shigeyuki , Shime Nobuaki
Published: December 2024

Aim: Few studies have investigated the differential effects of targeted temperature management (TTM) according to the severity of the condition in pediatric patients with post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS). This study was aimed at evaluating the differential effects of TTM in pediatric patients with PCAS according to a risk classification tool developed by us, the rCAST. Methods: We used data from a nationwide prospective registry for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients in Japan. We classified eligible pediatric PCAS patients (aged ≤ 18 years) into quintiles based on their rCAST scores and evaluated the effect of TTM on the neurological outcomes in each severity group. Then, focusing on the severity group that appeared to benefit from TTM, we also evaluated the effect of TTM by propensity score analysis. Good neurological outcome was defined as a score on the Cerebral Performance Category or Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category scale of ≤2 at 30 days. Results: Among 1526 OHCA pediatric patients enrolled in the registry, the data of 307 PCAS patients were analyzed. None of the patients in the fifth quintile (rCAST ≥ 18.5) showed a good neurological outcome, regardless of whether they received TTM or not (0% [0/20] vs. 0% [0/73]). The propensity score analysis showed that TTM was significantly associated with a good neurological outcome in patients with rCAST scores in the first to fourth quintile (odds ratio: 1.21 [1.04–1.40], p = 0.014). Conclusions: TTM was significantly associated with good neurological outcomes in pediatric PCAS patients with rCAST scores of ≤18.0.
Are Trace Elements Provided for Children on Long-Term Parenteral Nutrition Adequate to Meet Their Needs?
Authors: Romanowska Hanna , Danko Mikołaj , Borkowska Anna , Popińska Katarzyna , Sibilska Marta , Żydak Joanna , Wielopolska Joanna , Bartoszewicz Klaudia , Szlagatys-Sidorkiewicz Agnieszka , Książyk Janusz
Published: December 2024

Background: We conducted a cross-sectional study to investigate whether children receiving long-term parenteral nutrition (LPN) are at risk of imbalances in selected trace elements. Methods: Serum levels of manganese, zinc, copper, selenium, and iodine were measured in 83 children on LPN and compared with 121 healthy controls. Children with signs of infection or elevated C-reactive protein levels were excluded. Elemental analysis was performed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results: Manganese and copper levels were significantly lower in the study group compared with controls (p < 0.001) but remained within normal ranges. Iodine levels were also significantly lower in the study group (p < 0.05), though pediatric reference values are lacking. Zinc and selenium levels were significantly higher in the study group (p < 0.001), with median levels within normal ranges in both groups. Zinc, selenium, and iodine levels were higher in patients weighing ≤15 kg (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.02). Conclusions: Serum concentrations of manganese, copper, and selenium in the study group remained within normal ranges, even though children weighing over 15 kg received doses below those recommended by scientific guidelines. An iodine intake below 1 μg/kg/day in patients weighing over 15 kg appears insufficient. Patients on LPN required a higher zinc intake than current recommendations.
Exercise Intervention in Women with Fibromyalgia and Its Influence on Pain, Psychological Variables, and Disability: An Observational Study
Authors: González-Álvarez María Elena , Riquelme-Aguado Víctor , Rossettini Giacomo , Fernández-Carnero Josué , Villafañe Jorge Hugo
Published: December 2024

(1) Background: Fibromyalgia syndrome (FM) is a specific condition within the spectrum of musculoskeletal pain disorders, with an estimated global prevalence of 2%. Physical exercise has shown promise in modulating pain and improving physical function without the drawbacks of pharmacotherapy. This study aims to examine the effects of a 6-week telerehabilitation combined exercise program—including mobility, strength, and high-intensity exercises—on pain, psychological variables, and disability in women with fibromyalgia. (2) Methods: In this observational study involving 53 FM patients, the outcomes measured were the pressure pain threshold (PPT), the conditioned pain modulation (CPM) paradigm, levels of pain on the measurement day and the average of the last week (using NRS) the impact of the fibromyalgia (using Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), and anxiety (using the Spanish version of the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory—STAI). (3) Results: Statistically significant changes were observed in the intervention group in PPT, CPM, NRS, and FIQ. (4) Conclusions: A six-week telerehabilitation therapeutic exercise intervention consisting of two scheduled exercise sessions per week lasting approximately 45 min each is associated with reduced pain levels, enhanced pain inhibitory pathways, and a decreased impact of fibromyalgia compared to patients who do not adopt a more active lifestyle.
Experimental Validation of Antiobesogenic and Osteoprotective Efficacy of Ginsenoside CK via Targeting Lipid and Atherosclerosis Pathways
Authors: Morshed Md. Niaj , Akter Reshmi , Mahmud Imran , Gwon Ah-Yeong , Jeang Jin Woo , Lee Yeong-Geun , Park Dae Won , Yang Deok Chun , Kim Yeon Ju , Kang Se-Chan
Published: December 2024

The present study explored the possible antiobesogenic and osteoprotective properties of the gut metabolite ginsenoside CK to clarify its influence on lipid and atherosclerosis pathways, thereby validating previously published hypotheses. These hypotheses were validated by harvesting and cultivating 3T3-L1 and MC3T3-E1 in adipogenic and osteogenic media with varying concentrations of CK. We assessed the differentiation of adipocytes and osteoblasts in these cell lines by applying the most effective doses of CK that we initially selected. Using 3T3-L1 adipocytes in vitro assessments, CK could effectively decrease intracellular lipid accumulation, inhibit α-glucosidase enzyme, increase 2-NBDG glucose uptake, reduce inflammation-associated cytokines (TNFα, and IL-6), adipogenic regulatory genes (PPARγ, FAS, C/EBPα), lipogenic gene LPL, and increase the expression of thermogenic gene UCP1. Additionally, CK treatment induced osteoblast development in MC3T3-E1 cells as shown by increased mineralization and calcium distribution, collagen content, alkaline phosphatase activity, and decreased inflammatory cytokines TNFα, and IL-6 and increased the regulated expressions of osteogenic genes including Runx2, ALP, BGLAP, OCN, and Col1a1. Significantly, as a major inhibitory regulator, the TP53 gene was down-regulated in both 3T3-L1 and MC3T3E1 cells after the treatment of CK. These encouraging results demonstrate the possible use of CK as an innovative treatment for controlling obesity and osteoporosis, targeting the underlying mechanisms of obesogenic and bone loss. Further studies are necessary to explore the clinical implications of these results and the potential of CK in future treatment strategies. This research highlights the promise of CK in addressing significant health issues.
Abrasive Wear Performance of Spherical Hierarchical Structured TiC/High-Manganese Steel Composites
Authors: He Tao , Zhao Shengnian , Lu Dehong , Jiang Yehua , Zhou Mojin
Published: December 2024

The abrasive wear performance of TiC particle-reinforced high-manganese steel matrix composites with a spherical hierarchical structure under moderate impact energy was investigated. In the composites, TiC particles (10 μm in diameter) were concentrated within discrete spherical composite regions with diameters of about 100 μm. Impact abrasive wear tests were conducted to evaluate the wear performance of the composites with different volume fractions (30%, 40%, and 50%) of TiC particles compared with the matrix and a uniformly distributed TiC particle composite. The applied impact energy was 3 J. The results show that the hierarchical composite with 40% TiC particles exhibits the best wear resistance, with the wear rate reduced by 43.5% and 75.4% compared to the matrix steel and the uniformly distributed composite, respectively. The primary wear mechanism of the hierarchical composite is abrasive cutting. The design of the hierarchical configuration significantly enhances the material’s toughness, reducing fatigue spalling in the composite region during wear, thereby improving its wear resistance.
Embedded Ileal Fish Bone Removed via Deep Enteroscopy in a Patient with Abdominal Pain and Hematochezia: A Case Report
Authors: Chen Hsin-Yang , Chang Chao-Feng , Huang Tien-Yu , Huang I-Hsuan
Published: December 2024

Ingestion of foreign bodies is a prevalent issue in clinical practice, with fish bones being the predominant cause. While the upper gastrointestinal tract is commonly affected, small intestine impactions pose significant diagnostic challenges due to nonspecific symptoms and lack of awareness of foreign body ingestion. Herein, we describe a case presenting with recurrent, unexplained abdominal pain and hematochezia. Multiple diagnostic investigations, including esophagogastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy, conducted over several months failed to identify the underlying cause until a retrograde single-balloon enteroscopy for obscure gastrointestinal bleeding revealed a 2.3 cm fish bone embedded in the distal ileum. The successful removal of the fish bone led to the resolution of the patient’s symptoms. This case highlights that foreign bodies in the small intestine can be a cause of hematochezia and emphasizes the growing importance of deep enteroscopy techniques in detecting and retrieving these foreign objects, thereby reducing the need for surgery.
Postoperative Outcomes After Robotic Liver Resection of Caudate Lobe: A Systematic Review
Authors: Del Angel Millan Gabriela , Cassese Gianluca , Giannone Fabio , Del Basso Celeste , Alagia Mariantonietta , Lodin Marco , Monsellato Igor , Palucci Marco , Sangiuolo Federico , Panaro Fabrizio
Published: December 2024

Background and Objectives: Resection of the caudate lobe of the liver is considered a highly challenging surgical procedure due to the deep anatomic location of this segment and the relationships with major vessels. There is no clear evidence about the safety and effectiveness of robotic resection of the caudate lobe. The aim of this systematic review was to report data about the safety, technical feasibility, and postoperative outcomes of robotic caudate lobectomy. Materials and Methods: A systematic review of the MEDLINE and SCOPUS databases was undertaken, including studies published until 19 December 2024. Results: A total of 5 studies including 110 patients were selected. Of these surgeries, 56.3% were performed for malignant tumors. Tumor size varied significantly between 0.9 and 7.7 cm in the largest diameter. The mean operative time was 184.5 min (range 70–522 min), and the estimated blood loss was 95.5 mL (range 10–1500 mL). The median hospital length of stay was 4.2 days (range 2–19 days) and no cases of conversion to open were reported. All the patients underwent R0 resection. In total, 24 out of 110 patients (21.8%) developed postoperative complications, with 1.8% of all patients developing a major complication (Clavien–Dindo classification ≥ III). No perioperative deaths were reported by the included studies. Conclusions: Few retrospective studies investigating the outcomes of robotic resection of the caudate lobe are currently available in the literature. From published data, it may be a safe and feasible alternative to open and laparoscopic caudate lobectomy in selected patients in referral HPB centers. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm such preliminary findings.
A Case of Acquired Reactive Perforating Dermatosis with Complete Resolution of Eruptions on Upper and Lower Limbs During the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus and Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Mima Yoshihito , Ohtsuka Tsutomu , Ebato Ippei , Nishie Ryosuke , Uesugi Satoshi , Sumi Makoto , Nakazato Yoshimasa , Norimatsu Yuta
Published: December 2024

Acquired reactive perforating dermatosis (ARPD) is characterized by its onset after the age of 18 years, umbilicated papules or nodules with a central keratotic plug, and the presence of necrotic collagen tissue within an epithelial crater. ARPD is strongly associated with systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic renal failure, which may contribute to ARPD through factors including microcirculatory disturbances and the deposition of metabolic byproducts, including advanced glycation end-products and calcium. Here, we report a case of ARPD that improved following DM treatment and catheter-based interventions for peripheral artery disease (PAD). The eruptions on the upper limbs significantly improved with DM management. On the other hand, lesions on the lower limbs showed marked improvement after the enhancement in arterial blood flow due to catheter surgeries, along with DM treatment. Although a few reports of ARPD improving with DM management exist, our case underscores the importance of adequate DM control in ARPD management. The inability to perform the biopsy of the lesions on the lower limbs is our limitation; however, these lesions, similar to those on the upper limbs, presented with a central keratotic plug and re-epithelialized without forming ulcers or erosions, suggesting they were also related to ARPD. To date, there has been little discussion on the relationship between blood flow impairment in major vessels and ARPD. However, hypertension and venous circulatory dysfunctions are considered to lead to ARPD, raising the possibility that PAD-induced microvascular disturbances might have facilitated lesion formation in the present case. Further accumulation of cases and research is needed to clarify the relationship between blood flow impairment in major vessels and ARPD.