bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Human resource management systems and intellectual capital: is the relationship universal in knowledge-intensive firms?
Authors: Sokolov Dmitri , Zavyalova Elena
Published: September 2020

Purpose

While prior research suggests that human resource management (HRM) practices are crucial drivers of a firms' intellectual capital, few studies have tried to deconstruct this relationship and investigate how HRM practices specifically affect intellectual capital resources. Furthermore, prior research treated this relationship as universal and rarely tried to introduce important contingent factors that may alter the mechanisms involved in how HRM practices influence firms' intellectual capital. In this study, the authors examine the relationships between the ability-, motivation- and opportunity-enhancing dimensions of HRM systems and human, social and structural capital and investigate how companies' codification and personalization knowledge management (KM) strategies may alter these relationships.

Design/methodology/approach

The data were collected using a telephone survey of 215 knowledge-intensive companies operating in Russia. The paper utilizes partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS–SEM) to evaluate the measurement model and test hypothesized relationships.

Findings

The findings indicate positive relationships between ability-enhancing practices and firms' human capital between motivation-enhancing practices and firms' human and social capital and between opportunity-enhancing practices and firms' social and structural capital. The authors’ results reveal the limited moderating role of KM strategies in the relationships between HRM and intellectual capital. While a personalization strategy had no impact on any of the proposed relationships, a codification strategy positively moderated the relationship between opportunity-enhancing HRM practices and firms' structural capital.

Originality/value

The study expands the debates in strategic HRM literature by looking “inside” the HRM–intellectual capital relationship. Additionally, the authors’ findings reveal the complexity of the contingent effect that KM strategies of codification and personalization have on the relationship between HRM practices and intellectual capital. Although some of the relationships were not moderated by the KM strategy of the firm, the HRM–intellectual capital relationship cannot be considered fully universal.
Distributed manufacturing: a new form of localised production?
Authors: Srai Jagjit Singh , Graham Gary , Hennelly Patrick , Phillips Wendy , Kapletia Dharm , Lorentz Harri
Published: September 2020

Purpose

The emergence of distributed manufacturing (DM) is examined as a new form of localised production, distinct from previous manifestations of multi-domestic and indigenous production.

Design/methodology/approach

Supply network (SN) configuration and infrastructural provisioning perspectives were used to examine the literature on established localised production models as well as DM. A multiple case study was then undertaken to describe and explore the DM model further. A maximum variation sampling procedure was used to select five exemplar cases.

Findings

Three main contributions emerge from this study. First, the research uniquely brings together two bodies of literature, namely SN configuration and infrastructure provisioning to explore the DM context. Second, the research applies these theoretical lenses to establish the distinctive nature of DM across seven dimensions of analysis. Third, emerging DM design rules are identified and compared with the more established models of localised production, drawing on both literature and DM case evidence.

Practical implications

This study provides a rich SN configuration and infrastructural provisioning view on DM leading to a set of design rules for DM adoption, thus supporting practitioners in their efforts to develop viable DM implementation plans.

Originality/value

The authors contribute to the intra- and inter-organisational requirements for the emerging DM context by providing new perspectives through the combined lenses of SN configuration and infrastructural provisioning approaches.
Which future path to pick? A contingency approach to omnichannel warehouse configuration
Authors: Kembro Joakim Hans , Norrman Andreas
Published: September 2020

Purpose

Recent studies have highlighted the importance of adopting a contingency approach to configuring omnichannel warehouses. Nonetheless, research on how various contextual factors influence the selection of warehouse configuration is scarce. This study fills this knowledge gap by exploring how and why certain configurations fit in different omnichannel contexts.

Design/methodology/approach

A case study is conducted with six leading Swedish omnichannel retailers. Focusing on outbound warehouse configurations, data are collected through interviews, on-site observations, and secondary sources. A multistep analysis is made, including both pattern matching and explanation building.

Findings

The qualitative analysis reveals 16 contextual factors, of which assortment range, requested online order fulfillment times, goods size and total transactions are the most influential. The study shows how contextual factors create different challenges, thereby influencing the choice of the configurations. In addition to market dynamics and task complexity, the study describes four categories of the factors and related challenges that are particularly important in omnichannels: speed, space, economies of scale and tied-up capital.

Research limitations/implications

The findings highlight the importance of understanding context and imply that multiple challenges may require trade-offs when selecting configurations, for example, regarding what storage, processes and resources to integrate or separate. To confirm, extend, challenge and further operationalize the ideas and observations put forward in this paper, an agenda with future research issues is given for this accelerating, contemporary phenomenon.

Practical implications

Managers could leverage the frameworks proposed for the contextual profiling of their current and future positions. The frameworks provide support for understanding the important challenges and potential trade-offs and developing aligned configurations.

Originality/value

This study is original in the way it provides in-depth, case study findings about contextual factors and their influence on omnichannel warehouse configuration.
Sampling-based estimation method for parameter estimation in big data business era
Authors: Alim Abdul , Shukla Diwakar
Published: September 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to present sample-based estimation methodologies to compute the confidence interval for the mean size of the content of material communicated on the digital social media platform in presence of volume, velocity and variety. Confidence interval acts as a tool of machine learning and managerial decision-making for coping up big data.

Design/methodology/approach

Random sample-based sampling design methodology is adapted and mean square error is computed on the data set. Confidence intervals are calculated using the simulation over multiple data sets. The smallest length confidence interval is the selection approach for the most efficient in the scenario of big data.

Findings

Resultants of computations herein help to forecast the future need of web-space at data-centers for anticipation, efficient management, developing a machine learning algorithm for predicting better quality of service to users. Finding supports to develop control limits as an alert system for better use of resources (memory space) at data centers. Suggested methodologies are efficient enough for future prediction in big data setup.

Practical implications

In IT sector, the startup with the establishment of data centers is the current trend of business. Findings herein may help to develop a forecasting system and alert system for optimal decision-making in the enhancement and share of the business.

Originality/value

The contribution is an original piece of thought, idea and analysis, deriving motivation from references appended.
COVID-19. Scenarios of a superfluous crisis
Authors: Roth Steffen , Clausen Lars , Möller Sören
Published: September 2020

Purpose

This study aims to highlight the critical role case fatality rates (CFR) have played in the emergence and the management of particularly the early phases of the current coronavirus crisis.

Design/methodology/approach

The study presents a contrastive map of CFR for the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza (H1N1 and H2N2).

Findings

The mapped data shows that current CFR of SARS-CoV-2 are considerably lower than, or similar to those, of hospitalised patients in the UK, Spain, Germany or international samples. The authors therefore infer a possible risk that the virulence of the coronavirus is considerably overestimated because of sampling biases, and that increased testing might reduce the general CFR of SARS-CoV-2 to rates similar to, or lower than, of the common seasonal influenza.

Originality/value

This study concludes that governments, health corporations and health researchers must prepare for scenarios in which the affected populations cease to believe in the statistical foundations of the current coronavirus crisis and interventions.
Core self-evaluations, social support and life-domain conflicts
Authors: St-Onge Sylvie , Haines III Victor Y. , Ballesteros-Leiva Felix , Poilpot-Rocaboy Gwénaëlle
Published: September 2020

Purpose

Based on the conservation of resources (COR) theory (Hobfoll, 1989, 2002), this study first investigates the direct influence of core self-evaluations (CSEs) on work-to-family (W → F) and family-to-work (F → W) conflicts. Second, it tests the mediating impact of Social support from work and home domains in the associations between CSEs and both directions of work-family conflict. This study finally examines the moderating influence of CSEs in the associations between work and home domain social support and both directions of work-family conflict.

Design/methodology/approach

Human resources professionals (629), and engineers (169) employed in Canada completed an online survey. Both directions of work-family conflict were measured as well as CSEs, and work and home domain social support.

Findings

Results indicate that higher CSEs are associated with lower W → F and F → W conflicts. They also suggest an indirect association between CSEs and W → F conflict through supervisor support. The indirect association between CSEs and F → W conflict through home domain social support was also supported. Besides, it appears that CSEs moderate the association between home support and F → W conflict.

Research limitations/implications

Our findings underscore the relevance of considering both dispositional and environmental factors together in work-life research. Results question within- vs. cross-domain conceptualizations of work-life spillover. They also indicate how both differential choice and effectiveness operate in conjunction with managing work-life domains.

Originality/value

The research presents a comprehensive model linking work-family conflict, social support and CSEs. It draws from an integrative personality framework (Judge et al., 1998) and COR theory (Hobfoll, 1989) to explore the underlying processes of CSEs, often inferred but not specified or incorporated into work-life research.
“I'd be sleeping in the park, I reckon”: Lived Experience of Using Financial Counselling Services in South Australia*
Authors: Pollard Christina M. , Booth Sue , Louth Jonathan , Mackenzie Catherine , Goodwin‐Smith Ian
Published: September 2020

The need for non‐profit financial services increases with economic hardship. Consumers' experience of accessing non‐profit financial counselling services in South Australia was explored across five focus groups. Thirty‐six participants discussed service efficiency and potential improvements. The qualitative analysis we completed revealed five themes. Regarding non‐profit financial services: (i) Financial counsellors are life changers; (ii) Microfinance is “critical for survival”; and (iii) They're “hidden”. For‐profit products are (iv) Fast & easy “at a cost”; and there is (v) Frustration with broader system failures. Non‐profit financial services assisted with consumption smoothing and emotional support, but without adequate income financial well‐being was not established. Consumers rely on for‐profit products in crisis situations. Findings support policy to build financial resilience and increase income.
Integrated older people care and advanced practice nursing: an evidence‐based review
Authors: Prajankett O. , Markaki A.
Published: September 2020

Aim

To critically appraise and synthesize evidence of integrated care stemming from advanced practice nursing in elderly primary care settings throughout the United States and Thailand.

Background

Advanced practice nurses are key to accelerating integrated elderly care in the community. Yet, their scope and capacity vary greatly across countries, making impact measurement highly challenging.

Methods

A systematic search of PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus and ThaiJo databases was performed. Full‐text articles in English or Thai language were reviewed using an inductive thematic approach from the integrated people‐centred Health Services framework, adopted by the World Health Organization.

Results

A total of 42 articles were appraised according to framework strategies: (1) people and community empowerment/engagement; (2) governance and accountability strengthening; (3) model of care reorientation; (4) service coordination; and (5) enabling environment creation. Collaborative roles and empowerment of older people were associated with higher quality of care. Thai nurses empowered individuals through community networks and resources, incorporating care models (strategy 1). In contrast, US nurses adopted a quality improvement and safety approach, incorporating technology into nursing interventions (strategy 5).

Conclusion

Advanced practice nurses employ an array of strategies and approaches in caring for older people. Although their role varies from mostly substitute (US) to supplemental (Thailand), nurses in both countries contribute towards integrated person‐centred care.

Implication for nursing practice and nursing policy

Preparing advanced practice nurses to work in the community is a prerequisite for meeting ageing population health needs in a sustainable manner. Education, professional development and leadership training opportunities should focus on capacity building in: a) strengthening mutual accountability, b) reorienting the work environment through innovative care models and c) coordinating services through partnerships to achieve universal health and ensure healthy ageing.
Anatomy and Imaging Studies on Cortical Bone Screw Freehand Placement Applying Anatomical Targeting Technology
Authors: Rexiti Paerhati , Aierken Ailixier , Sadeer Aierken , Wang Shuiquan , Abuduwali Nueraihemaiti , Deng Qiang , Sheng Wei‐bin , Guo Hai‐long
Published: September 2020

Objectives

A series of constant anatomical structures were used as guide targets for screw placement to improve the accuracy of cortical screw placement and reduce surgical injury and fluoroscopy radiation. The most commonly used angles and distances between the cortical bone screw insertion point and the lateral margins of the isthmus were selected as the contents of the questionnaire.

Methods

A total of 40 physicians were selected to determine the specific values for each angle and distance. Screw placements were performed on four dry and six wet lumbar spine specimens according to the proposed anatomical target guidance technique. A total of 100 cortical bone trajectories were evaluated using X‐ray and CT scanning of the specimens to verify the practicability, accuracy, and safety of the anatomical target guidance technique in screw placement.

Results

The average deviation rates for angle and distance determination were 105.5% and 14.33%, respectively, indicating a significant difference between the estimated and actual values from other angles (P < 0.05). Based on visual inspection, probe penetration, X‐ray, and CT examination of 100 cortical bone trajectories, the excellent rate of 40 trajectories on four dry specimens was 95%, while that of 60 trajectories on six wet specimens was 88.7%.

Conclusion

Use of lumbar constant anatomical structures as targeting guidance could assist cortical bone screw placement and reduce surgical damage.
Analysis on Energy Consumption of Urban Central Heating Network in North China
Authors: Liu LanBin , Zhang HanBei , Tu Rang
Published: September 2020

Urban central heating network (UCHN) is an important infrastructure in northern China. However, as the technology and management of heating operators are still at a low level, a lot of energy is wasted in heating network. Based on the actual operation data of nearly 100 heating stations in northern China in 2018–2019 heating seasons, this study comprehensively analyzes the problems existing in the operation of UCHN in China from the perspective of time and space, investigating the correlation between the hourly energy consumption of a single thermal station and the hourly outdoor temperature in the time dimension and examining the uniformity of heat supply of different thermal stations in the space dimension. This paper focuses on the analysis of the heat consumption per unit area (HCA), temperature of primary side return water (TPSRW), heat consumption per unit area per unit temperature difference (HCATD) and its standard deviation (SHCATD) of each heating station in the early, middle and end period of heating season. The results show that the TPSRW among different thermal stations varies greatly and distributes unevenly, suggesting that the problem of thermal imbalance is serious. The SHCATD in these two periods is dramatically higher than that in the middle period, indicating that the control systems of current heating systems fail to compensate for the weather. Two measures are proposed to solve the problems of the operation of UCHN.
Heat Pump-Organic Rankine Cycle Hybrid Systems for Co/Tri-Generation Applications: A State-of-the-Art Overview
Authors: Yaïci Wahiba , Entchev Evgueniy , Talebizadeh Sardari Pouyan , Longo Michela
Published: September 2020

The following paper aims to explore a heat pump’s (HP) as well as an organic Rankine cycle’s (ORC) novel combination for the development of both an efficient and low-emissions heating and cooling systems. This latest review examines both benefits and possibilities of a combined HP-ORC system. Previously, studies have explored several different combinations, such as directly-coupled and reversible combination units as well as parallel configurations units in addition to indirectly-coupled ones. Following defining aforementioned configurations, a discussion on their performance is carried out in detail. Considerations for the optimisation of the architecture, overall of such hybrid systems via utilising the same sources while also discussing heat source, sink selection and operating temperatures as well as thermal energy storage, expander/compressor units, control strategies in addition to working fluids’ selection and managing seasonal temperatures that are increasingly variable, have been identified. Additionally, the experimental studies that have been performed reveal increasingly practical obstacles as well as other areas that require more research while serving to shed light on experimental techniques, which can be applicable to this research’s area.

Based upon research, it has been revealed that regional conditions including temperatures and annual weather as well as the cost of energy produce a colossal effect on such systems’ economic feasibility framework as well as partially dictating the overall system configuration’s selection. Additionally, the review disclosed how important the following elements are: 1) a greater temperature differential amid the source of heat and heat sink; 2) proper source of heat and sink selection; 3) working fluid selection; and 4) thermal storage for the maintenance of the difference. Comparatively, from the research works from the past, additional optimisation based on individual component level as well as through control strategies of either an advanced or predictive method, these produce a smaller effect and are worth performing an evaluation on economically due to them not being feasible for the current system.

Lastly, based on investigated research, there are certain areas for which recommendation have been provided with regard to future research and this includes a technology configurations’ comparison for understanding different regions’ optimal system, a sensitivity analysis for understanding key system elements for both optimisation as well as design, both an investigation as well as testing carried out for available units and applicable systems that are presently available, and identifying novel use cases.
Fuel Economy and Emissions of Philippine CME-Diesel Blends From Drive Cycle and Steady Speed Operation
Authors: Laguitao Jeffrey James C. , Quiros Edwin N. , Mercado Jose Gabriel E. , Rodgers Paul L.
Published: September 2020

This paper presents a study on the effects of transient and steady-state vehicle operation on fuel economy and emissions trends of an in-use Euro 2 Asian utility vehicle in the Philippines, with a normally aspirated direct-injection engine, and fueled with different CME-diesel blends designated as B1, B2, B3, B5, B10, B20, B50, & B100 corresponding to increasing CME percentage blends. The vehicle was driven on a chassis dynamometer following the Japanese 10-15 Mode drive cycle and at steady speeds of 40, 60, & 80 kph for fuel consumption and CO, NOx, and THC measurements. PM measurements were not undertaken.

Drive cycle results showed that adding CME up to 20% by volume (B20) has a small effect on the heating values, specific fuel consumption (SFC), fuel economy (FE), and maximum power. Relative to neat diesel, the increase in SFC, lower FE and power beyond B20 were attributed to lower heating values at higher blends. CO was practically constant while THC and NOx generally decreased with increasing CME blends. The CO and THC trends were ascribed to overall lean mixtures and increased amount of oxygenated fuel at higher CME blends. B20 yielded the most emissions reduction without performance loss.

Steady speed results indicated for all blends, SFC increased with vehicle speed due to higher road load. Above B10, SFC went beyond 5% higher than that for neat diesel and is attributed to lowered heating values of higher blends. The SFC of blends up to B10 approached that of neat diesel as speed increased suggesting more diesel-like combustion characteristics. The blend fuel economy showed an inverse relationship to SFC as expected. Both CO and NOx exhibited slightly decreasing trends with higher blends at all speeds. For a given blend, CO decreased while NOx increased as speed went higher. THC followed bowl-shaped trendlines with blend ratio. THC was high for neat diesel going lowest at B5-B10 and upwards again beyond B10. For a given blend, THC emissions decreased with increasing vehicle speed.
Design of a 1 MWth Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Primary Heat Exchanger Test System
Authors: Carlson Matthew , Alvarez Francisco
Published: September 2020

Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) plants have the potential to provide dispatchable renewable power generation to support the baseload need currently supplied primarily by coal and nuclear plants and peaking power capability to reduce the use of natural gas for load following. However, these plants have had difficulty achieving widespread use due to the low cost of combined photovoltaic and battery systems capable of providing similar services to the electricity grid. A new generation of CSP technologies must be developed to reduce the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) to 6 cents/kWh by leveraging heat transfer fluids (HTF) capable of operation at higher temperatures and coupling with higher efficiency power conversion cycles. Three promising pathways for Generation 3 CSP (Gen3CSP) technology development have been funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) leveraging solid, liquid, and gaseous HTFs to transfer heat to a supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) Brayton cycle.

The primary heat exchangers (PHX) necessary to couple these high-temperature HTFs to sCO2 are an essential new technology that must be demonstrated at a scale relevant to commercial CSP to validate design expectations for performance, lifetime, and operability. The demonstration of these PHXs need a reliable 1 MWth-scale sCO2 test system that can provide sCO2 coolant to the PHX in a compact package suitable for installation near any Gen3CSP thermal storage system. This paper outlines the final design of such a system including the expected operating range and off-design capabilities. The system uses a dense-phase high pressure canned motor pump as the sCO2 circulator and ambient air as the ultimate heat sink operating at pressures up to 250 bar and temperatures up to 715 °C with capability to supply up to 5.3 kg/s of sCO2 flow to the primary heat exchanger. Key component requirements for this system have been frozen and procurement is underway. The expected completion date for heated acceptance testing of this system is September of 2020.

This system is also capable of being upgraded through the addition of a turbo-compressor and turbo-generator to operate as a complete sCO2 Brayton cycle with power generation in order to demonstrate an integrated solar to sCO2 power pilot plant and understand transient interactions between the thermal storage system, sCO2 turbomachinery, and ambient air temperature. In addition, this upgrade would provide experience with plant operating considerations including balancing charging the thermal storage system with generating and dispatching power to the electrical grid. A roadmap for this upgrade will be discussed including limitations and requirements for the necessary turbomachinery.
High-Temperature Thermophysical Property Measurement of Proposed Gen3 CSP Containment Materials
Authors: Brankovic Sonja A. , Arkhurst Bettina , Gunawan Andrey , Yee Shannon K.
Published: September 2020

The US Department of Energy (DOE) has sponsored an initiative to improve the thermal efficiency of Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) systems. To approach parity with conventional fossil fuel-based electricity generation, the operating temperature of the CSP power cycle must exceed 700°C with integrated thermal energy storage. The materials used to house this high-temperature heat transfer media must be thermally stable and corrosion resistant. However, the temperature-dependent thermophysical properties of commonly used containment materials (nickel alloys and alumina-based firebricks) are either not well known or poorly understood. In this report, the high-temperature thermal properties of thirteen (13) candidate containment materials proposed by the CSP community are tested using laser flash analysis and differential scanning calorimetry.
Effects of flow recirculation on acoustic and dynamic measurements of rotary-wing systems operating in closed anechoic chambers
Authors: Weitsman Daniel , Stephenson James H. , Zawodny Nikolas S.
Published: September 2020

An experimental campaign was undertaken to identify the effects posed by flow recirculation on the dynamic performance and acoustic emissions of an isolated rotor, operating in hover in a sealed anechoic chamber. It is shown that flow recirculation is an artifact of testing rotary-wing systems in an enclosed environment, and results in a significant amplification of tonal and broadband noise components. The acoustic emissions produced while the recirculated flow is ingested into the rotor disk vary from those emitted by similar rotors operating in clean inflow conditions. A variety of turbulence suppression screens were employed to impede the propagation of the rotor wake, in an effort to delay the onset of recirculation. This mitigation strategy proved to be effective for one treatment configuration and significantly extended the duration available to acquire clean measurements. The presence of this treatment is thought to alter the coherent structures comprising the recirculated flow and thus the noise emissions following the onset of flow recirculation.
Acoustic time-dependent energy from vibrating surfaces via a generalized radiation impulse response approach
Authors: Stepanishen Peter R.
Published: September 2020

A vibrating surface in contact with a fluid experiences a reaction force that is related to the velocity of the surface. In the case of a harmonic vibration, the acoustic radiation impedance provides a useful measure of the harmonic force resulting from a harmonic velocity of the surface. More generally, the radiation impulse response, which is the temporal Fourier transform of the radiation impedance, provides the basis for a convolution approach to evaluate both the time-dependent force and the energy transfer into the fluid resulting from a time-dependent velocity of a fluid-loaded vibrating surface for interior and external problems. Important properties of the radiation impulse responses are presented using the Kirchhoff Surface Integral Equation and Fourier transforms. A universal form of the radiation impulse response, which consists of a weighted Dirac delta function and a baseband function, is presented. The time-dependent force and energy transfer into a fluid resulting from the space-time normal velocity of a spherical surface is presented to simply illustrate the generalized radiation impulse response approach for exterior three-dimensional radiation problems.
Acoustic density estimation of dense fish shoals
Authors: Tallon Benoit , Roux Philippe , Matte Guillaume , Guillard Jean , Skipetrov Sergey E.
Published: September 2020

Multiple scattering of acoustic waves offers a noninvasive method for density estimation of a dense shoal of fish where traditional techniques such as echo-counting or echo-integration fail. Through acoustic experiments with a multi-beam sonar system in open sea cages, multiple scattering of sound in a fish shoal, and, in particular, the coherent backscattering effect, can be observed and interpreted quantitatively. Furthermore, a volumetric scan of the fish shoal allows isolation of a few individual fish from which target strength estimations are possible. The combination of those two methods allows for fish density estimation in the challenging case of dense shoals.
Inhomogeneous chain relaxation of entangled polymer melts from stepwise planar extension in absence of free surface
Authors: Yuan Ruchao , Wang Shi-Qing
Published: September 2020

In this work, we apply lubricated squeezing to perform planar extension of styrene-butadiene rubbers (SBRs) and illustrate how large step-strained SBR undergo chain relaxation. When the imposed step strain is moderate or the stepwise planar extension is imposed sufficiently slowly, the stress relaxation is spatially uniform. Upon a large stepwise extension imposed over a period much shorter than the overall chain relaxation time, the strained SBR undergo spatially inhomogeneous molecular relaxation, plausibly due to localized chain disentanglement that results from the molecular force imbalance. As a manifestation of localized elastic yielding, the SBR specimen appears wrinkled upon unloading in the middle of stress relaxation. In situ birefringence measurements confirm that uneven chain relaxation is ongoing during stress relaxation that involves keeping the sample height H fixed after squeezing from the initial height H0 to H. Thus, localized chain relaxation is shown to take place even in the presence of geometrical constraint, i.e., the absence of any free surface or meniscus. In comparison, homogenous stepwise deformation was found to result in nonquiescent relaxation for simple shear and filament breakup for uniaxial melt stretching.
Quantum key distribution with correlated sources
Authors: Pereira Margarida , Kato Go , Mizutani Akihiro , Curty Marcos , Tamaki Kiyoshi
Published: September 2020

A security framework enables practical quantum key distribution realizations even with correlated and generally flawed sources.
Let-7 derived from endometrial extracellular vesicles is an important inducer of embryonic diapause in mice
Authors: Liu W. M. , Cheng R. R. , Niu Z. R. , Chen A. C. , Ma M. Y. , Li T. , Chiu P. C. , Pang R. T. , Lee Y. L. , Ou J. P. , Yao Y. Q. , Yeung W. S. B.
Published: September 2020

Let-7 in endometrial epithelial cell–derived extracellular vesicles induces embryonic diapause.
Hedgehog signaling controls segmentation dynamics and diversity via
msx1
in a spider embryo
Authors: Akiyama-Oda Yasuko , Oda Hiroki
Published: September 2020

A genome-wide study of Hedgehog signaling reveals a previously unknown mechanism of segmentation in a chelicerate arthropod.
High-sensitivity nanoscale chemical imaging with hard x-ray nano-XANES
Authors: Pattammattel A. , Tappero R. , Ge M. , Chu Y. S. , Huang X. , Gao Y. , Yan H.
Published: September 2020

Hard x-ray nano-XANES enables high-sensitivity chemical state mapping at the nanoscale and multimodal imaging capability.
Microengineered 3D pulmonary interstitial mimetics highlight a critical role for matrix degradation in myofibroblast differentiation
Authors: Matera Daniel L. , DiLillo Katarina M. , Smith Makenzee R. , Davidson Christopher D. , Parikh Ritika , Said Mohammed , Wilke Carole A. , Lombaert Isabelle M. , Arnold Kelly B. , Moore Bethany B. , Baker Brendon M.
Published: September 2020

Tissue-engineered fibrosis model highlights distinct cell responses to matrix stiffness and drug treatment in 2D versus 3D.
Directional liquid dynamics of interfaces with superwettability
Authors: Dai Haoyu , Dong Zhichao , Jiang Lei
Published: September 2020

We review advances in the field of directional liquid dynamics on natural and artificial surfaces with superwettability.
An enormous sulfur isotope excursion indicates marine anoxia during the end-Triassic mass extinction
Authors: He Tianchen , Dal Corso Jacopo , Newton Robert J. , Wignall Paul B. , Mills Benjamin J. W. , Todaro Simona , Di Stefano Pietro , Turner Emily C. , Jamieson Robert A. , Randazzo Vincenzo , Rigo Manuel , Jones Rosemary E. , Dunhill Alexander M.
Published: September 2020

Low ocean sulfate levels at the end-Triassic mass extinction linked to rapid development of marine anoxia.
Hypothalamic circuitry underlying stress-induced insomnia and peripheral immunosuppression
Authors: Li Shi-Bin , Borniger Jeremy C. , Yamaguchi Hiroshi , Hédou Julien , Gaudilliere Brice , de Lecea Luis
Published: September 2020

Activation of a neural circuit that triggers an acute stress response increases wakefulness and changes the immune landscape.
MCART1/SLC25A51 is required for mitochondrial NAD transport
Authors: Kory Nora , uit de Bos Jelmi , van der Rijt Sanne , Jankovic Nevena , Güra Miriam , Arp Nicholas , Pena Izabella A. , Prakash Gyan , Chan Sze Ham , Kunchok Tenzin , Lewis Caroline A. , Sabatini David M.
Published: September 2020

We demystify how mitochondria obtain NAD, revealing that
MCART1
/
SCL25A51
is required for NAD transport into mitochondria.
De novo design of picomolar SARS-CoV-2 miniprotein inhibitors
Authors: Cao Longxing , Goreshnik Inna , Coventry Brian , Case James Brett , Miller Lauren , Kozodoy Lisa , Chen Rita E. , Carter Lauren , Walls Alexandra C. , Park Young-Jun , Strauch Eva-Maria , Stewart Lance , Diamond Michael S. , Veesler David , Baker David
Published: September 2020

Miniproteins against SARS-CoV-2

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is decorated with spikes, and viral entry into cells is initiated when these spikes bind to the host angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. Many monoclonal antibody therapies in development target the spike proteins. Cao
et al.
designed small, stable proteins that bind tightly to the spike and block it from binding to ACE2. The best designs bind with very high affinity and prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection of mammalian Vero E6 cells. Cryo–electron microscopy shows that the structures of the two most potent inhibitors are nearly identical to the computational models. Unlike antibodies, the miniproteins do not require expression in mammalian cells, and their small size and high stability may allow formulation for direct delivery to the nasal or respiratory system.

Science
, this issue p.
426
Characterization of
ANGPT2
mutations associated with primary lymphedema
Authors: Leppänen Veli-Matti , Brouillard Pascal , Korhonen Emilia A. , Sipilä Tuomas , Jha Sawan Kumar , Revencu Nicole , Labarque Veerle , Fastré Elodie , Schlögel Matthieu , Ravoet Marie , Singer Amihood , Luzzatto Claudia , Angelone Donatella , Crichiutti Giovanni , D’Elia Angela , Kuurne Jaakko , Elamaa Harri , Koh Gou Young , Saharinen Pipsa , Vikkula Miikka , Alitalo Kari
Published: September 2020

Loss-of-function mutations in the TIE2-ligand angiopoietin 2 are associated with primary lymphedema in humans.
Therapeutic responses to
Roseomonas mucosa
in atopic dermatitis may involve lipid-mediated TNF-related epithelial repair
Authors: Myles Ian A. , Castillo Carlo R. , Barbian Kent D. , Kanakabandi Kishore , Virtaneva Kimmo , Fitzmeyer Emily , Paneru Monica , Otaizo-Carrasquero Francisco , Myers Timothy G. , Markowitz Tovah E. , Moore Ian N. , Liu Xue , Ferrer Marc , Sakamachi Yosuke , Garantziotis Stavros , Swamydas Muthulekha , Lionakis Michail S. , Anderson Erik D. , Earland Noah J. , Ganesan Sundar , Sun Ashleigh A. , Bergerson Jenna R.E. , Silverman Robert A. , Petersen Maureen , Martens Craig A. , Datta Sandip K.
Published: September 2020

Roseomonas mucosa
treatment in children with atopic dermatitis is associated with clinical improvements and potentially lipid-mediated TNF signaling.
Interfering too soon: Type I interferons can dampen antiviral immunity
Authors: Billi Allison C.
Published: September 2020

Short-term blockade of type I interferons at the time of viral infection or vaccine administration enhances immunological memory.
Characterization of Novel Cross-Reactive Influenza B Virus Hemagglutinin Head Specific Antibodies That Lack Hemagglutination Inhibition Activity
Authors: Kirkpatrick Ericka , Henry Carole , McMahon Meagan , Jiang Kaijun , Strohmeier Shirin , van Bakel Harm , Wilson Patrick C. , Krammer Florian
Published: September 2020

Understanding the immune response that older individuals mount to influenza virus vaccination and infection is critical in order to design better vaccines for this age group. Here, we show that older individuals make broadly neutralizing antibodies that have no hemagglutination-inhibiting activity and are less potent than strain-specific antibodies. These antibodies could drive viral escape from neutralization but did not result in escape from binding. Given their different mechanisms of action, they might retain protective activity even against escape variants.
Cell Type-Dependent Escape of Capsid Inhibitors by Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVcpz
Authors: Twizerimana Augustin Penda , Scheck Rachel , Becker Daniel , Zhang Zeli , Wammers Marianne , Avelar Leandro , Pflieger Marc , Häussinger Dieter , Kurz Thomas , Gohlke Holger , Münk Carsten
Published: September 2020

HIV-1 originated from SIVcpzPtt but not from the related virus SIVcpzPts, and thus, it is important to describe molecular infection by SIVcpzPts in human cells to understand the zoonosis of SIVs. Pharmacological HIV-1 capsid inhibitors (e.g., PF74) bind a capsid groove that is also a binding site for the cellular protein CPSF6. SIVcpzPts was resistant to PF74 in HeLa cells but sensitive in HOS cells, thus indicating cell line-specific resistance. Both SIVcpz viruses showed resistance to PF74 in human PBMCs. Modulating the presence of cyclophilin A or its binding to capsid in HeLa cells overcame SIVcpzPts resistance to PF74. These results indicate that early cytoplasmic infection events of SIVcpzPts may differ between cell types and affect, in an unknown manner, the antiviral activity of capsid inhibitors. Thus, capsid inhibitors depend on the activity or interaction of currently uncharacterized cellular factors.
Draft Genome Sequences of One Aspergillus parasiticus Isolate and Nine Aspergillus flavus Isolates with Varying Stress Tolerance and Aflatoxin Production
Authors: Fountain Jake C. , Clevenger Josh P. , Nadon Brian , Wang Hui , Abbas Hamed K. , Kemerait Robert C. , Scully Brian T. , Vaughn Justin N. , Guo Baozhu
Published: September 2020

Aspergillus flavus
and
Aspergillus parasiticus
produce carcinogenic aflatoxins during crop infection, with extensive variations in production among isolates, ranging from atoxigenic to highly toxigenic. Here, we report draft genome sequences of one
A. parasiticus
isolate and nine
A. flavus
isolates from field environments for use in comparative, functional, and phylogenetic studies.
Complete Genome Sequence of Francisella halioticida Type Strain DSM 23729 (FSC1005)
Authors: Uneklint Ingrid , Öhrman Caroline , Karlsson Linda , Byström Mona , Hägglund Emil , Forsman Mats , Sjödin Andreas
Published: September 2020

Here, we announce the complete genome sequence of the
Francisella halioticida
type strain DSM 23729 (FSC1005), isolated from a diseased cultured giant abalone in Japan in 2005. The genome is composed of a 2,197,430-bp-long circular chromosome, with a G+C content of 31.2%.
Genome Sequences of 42 Bacteria Isolated from Sorghum bicolor Roots
Authors: Pelletier Dale A. , Li Zhou , Lu Tse-Yuan S. , Zhang Li , Hu Zhenbin , Morris Geoffrey P. , Glavina del Rio Tijana , Wang Dongyu , Chen Jin-Gui , Pan Chongle
Published: September 2020

Forty-two bacterial strains were isolated from root samples of
Sorghum bicolor
. The strains spanned 17 genera, including
Dechloromonas
,
Duganella
,
Dyella
,
Flavobacterium
,
Herbaspirillum
,
Lutibacter
,
Mucilaginibacter
,
Novosphingobium
,
Paraburkholderia
,
Pedobacter
,
Pleomorphomonas
,
Rhizobacter
,
Rhizobium
,
Rhizomicrobium
,
Rugamonas
,
Variovorax
, and
Xanthobacter
. Their whole-genome sequences revealed diverse metabolic processes, including biological nitrogen fixation, in sorghum root microbiota.
Neurodevelopmental status and follow-up in preschool children with heart disease in London, UK
Authors: Hoskote Aparna , Ridout Deborah , Banks Victoria , Kakat Suzan , Lakhanpaul Monica , Pagel Christina , Franklin Rodney CG , Witter Thomas , Lakhani Rhian , Tibby Shane M , Anderson David , Tsang Victor , Wray Jo , Brown Katherine
Published: September 2020

Objective

To describe neurodevelopment and follow-up services in preschool children with heart disease (HD).

Design

Secondary analysis of a prospectively collected multicentre dataset.

Setting

Three London tertiary cardiac centres.

Patients

Preschool children<5 years of age: both inpatients and outpatients.

Methods

We analysed results of Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL) and parental report of follow-up services in a representative convenience sample evaluated between January 2014 and July 2015 within a previous study.

Results

Of 971 preschool children: 577 (59.4%) had ≥1 heart operation, 236 (24.3%) had a known diagnosis linked to developmental delay (DD) (‘known group’) and 130 (13.4%) had history of clinical event linked to DD. On MSEL assessment, 643 (66.2%) had normal development, 181 (18.6%) had borderline scores and 147 (15.1%) had scores indicative of DD. Of 971 children, 609 (62.7%) were not receiving follow-up linked to child development and were more likely to be under these services with a known group diagnosis, history of clinical event linked to DD and DD (defined by MSEL). Of 236 in known group, parents of 77 (32.6%) and of 48 children not in a known group but with DD 29 (60.4%), reported no child development related follow-up. DD defined by MSEL assessment was more likely with a known group and older age at assessment.

Conclusions

Our findings indicate that a ‘structured neurodevelopmental follow-up pathway’ in preschool children with HD should be considered for development and evaluation as children get older, with particular focus on those at higher risk.
Traumatic diaphragmatic rupture: delayed presentation following a SCUBA dive
Authors: Toh Pei Yinn , Parys Simon , Watanabe Yuki
Published: September 2020

Traumatic diaphragmatic rupture (TDR) is a rare yet life-threatening occurrence that remains a diagnostic challenge for clinicians. Delayed presentation with associated strangulation of the contents, although uncommon, requires emergent management. A 42-year-old woman presented with constant, severe left-sided shoulder and chest pain, as well as associated upper abdominal pain following a self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (SCUBA) dive. A chest radiograph (CXR) and CT showed a left-sided diaphragmatic hernia containing stomach. She subsequently underwent a laparoscopic repair of the diaphragmatic defect and recovered well postoperatively.
Complexities of an uncomplicated symptom: two cases of umbilical discharge
Authors: Agarwal Nitin , Gupta Nikhil , Vats Manu , Garg Mradul
Published: September 2020

A 10-year-old boy presented with a low volume feculent umbilical discharge associated with fever and anorexia. Exploratory laparotomy revealed a complex fistula communicating with multiple small bowel loops and extensive peritoneal nodules with caseous mesenteric lymph nodes; suggestive of abdominal tuberculosis. Fistulectomy, adhesiolysis and a diversion jejunostomy were done and antituberculosis therapy was started. A 20-year-old man presented with serous umbilical discharge, having a history of similar complaints in his infancy. While he was being investigated, he developed peritonitis and had to be operated on emergency basis. An umbilical sinus connected with a fibrous band to Meckel diverticulum and a proximal closed loop small bowel obstruction perforation were found. Resection and anastomosis of the affected segment were done, and the patient recovered well.
Neuropsychiatric manifestations in adult-onset Still’s disease
Authors: Young Grant , Tolla Azam S , Grinenko Olesya , Karanec Kristina
Published: September 2020

Adult-onset Still’s disease (AOSD) is an uncommon inflammatory condition characterised by a triad of fevers, arthralgias and a salmon-coloured rash. It is also strongly associated with high ferritin levels, whose role in its pathogenesis is not entirely clear. Central nervous system (CNS) manifestations are exceedingly rare in this disease, accounting for only a handful of reported cases. Herein, we describe a case of a 63-year-old woman who developed new-onset psychiatric symptoms in the months preceding her diagnosis. 2 months after her diagnosis, she experienced an exacerbation of psychiatric symptoms followed by new-onset seizures in conjunction with an acute lung infection. In addition, we discuss two other previously reported cases of AOSD patients with psychiatric symptoms as their initial presentation.
Trimming the need for invasive ventilation: pragmatic critical care during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Oates Connor P , Goldman Sarah A , Giustino Gennaro , Goldman Martin E
Published: September 2020

COVID-19 has challenged all medical professionals to optimise non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIV) as a means of limiting intubation. We present a case of a middle-aged man with a voluminous beard for religious reasons who developed progressive hypoxic respiratory failure secondary to COVID-19 infection which became refractory to NIV. After gaining permission to trim the patient’s facial hair by engaging with the patient, his family and religious leaders, his mask fit objectively improved, his hypoxaemia markedly improved and an unnecessary intubation was avoided. Trimming of facial hair should be considered in all patients on NIV who might have any limitations with mask fit and seal that would hamper ventilation, including patients who have facial hair for religious reasons.