bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Linguistic Peculiarities of Game Manuals
Authors: Samoylova E.O. , Sviontkovskaya S.V. , Potapenko A.S.
Published: March 2022

Modern computer games are gaining popularity in the cultural space. Due to them new modern types of discourse are appeared. The growing role of computer games in various aspects of modern life, the rapid process of complicating their technical parameters gives rise to a parallel process of improving and complicating the texts of game manuals that allow gamers to follow the most effective tactics of the game. The authors of the article, in a comparative manner, analyse foreign and domestic research correlated with the linguistic features of games, game slang, manuals as examples of prescriptive text and their specific features. The texts of game manuals are an important component of game discourse, their special functional specificity and the nature of the addressee predetermine a number of specific linguistic characteristics, which are still a poorly studied. The authors consider the linguistic characteristics of texts at various linguistic levels in their relationship with the informative elements of manuals that correspond to the most important elements of the game. The authors analyse the pragmalinguistic elements of the manuals. They describe stylistic and grammatical features of the developers’ appeal to the prospective players, try to trace the logic of the use of certain linguistic means in the context of the game manuals. The authors analyze game instructions in English and Spanish, which is based on fact that English has been and still remains the main language in which original game manuals are published. Spanish is one of the most widely spoken languages ​​on a global scale. Some language similarities and differences of manuals in Spanish and English are analysed. Specific characteristics of manuals regarding the use of techniques that are non-standard for this type of text, ensuring the maximum approximation to the social status and age of consumers are described. In addition, the authors provide examples of English-language game discourse penetration into the Spanish-language game discourse.
Communicative Features of the English-Language Judicial Discourse
Authors: Avakova Marina L. , Mosesova Milana E.
Published: March 2022

This article is devoted to the study of the communicative features of the English-language judicial discourse on the example of introductory statements of court speakers during court sessions. The relevance of this research is due to the need to expand knowledge in the field of judicial discourse, a deeper analysis of the functioning of language tools that contribute to the optimization of communicative interaction based on mutual understanding of the parties involved in the discourse. This work is aimed at studying, identifying and analyzing the linguistic specifics of the expression of the position of lawyers, reflecting knowledge, opinions, assessments regarding the presented facts, considered within the epistemic modality. It is revealed that a characteristic feature of the linguistic expression of the speaker’s degree of confidence in the truth of judgments in the type of discourse under study is the self-positioning of the addressees using first-person pronouns; epistemic markers emphasizing the subjectivity of statements, personal opinions, assessments, relationships; intensifiers that strengthen the approved position of the addressees, and hedging language tools represented by markers of implicitness, uncertainty, hidden communicative impact on the addressee. It is established that the most frequent linguistic means in the type of discourse under study, contributing to the demonstration of the validity of judgments, emphasizing the subjectivity of the expressed opinion, assessment, position, commitment of the speaker in relation to the utterance, are first-person pronouns. Informing the addressee using epistemic markers in the opening speech of lawyers, combining the identified linguistic means in one discursive segment, marks the speaker’s involvement in the discursive event, interest in the facts presented, contributes to the effective presentation of information, maintaining contact with the addressee during court sessions, achieving communicative goals in the professional community.
Some Aspects of Online Discourse Manipulation on Social Media (the case of Instagram English Presentational Discourse of Pfizer Inc.)
Authors: Trius Lilia I. , Papka Nataliya V.
Published: March 2022

The research is devoted to the analysis of the tools used in the presentation discourse of social networks of large commercial companies and organizations. The purpose of the article is to analyze genre and lexical features of the English-language online presentation discourse of the Instagram social network for manipulating the target audience. The English-language texts of Pfizer’s publications on the company’s official pages on the social network Instagram were taken as material for the analysis. The study uses the method of targeted sampling of material, the method of contextual description and descriptive method to identify and analyze priority ways of positive self-presentation of corporations. The results of the analysis of linguistic and paralinguistic tools used by Pfizer representatives on Instagram to manipulate the target audience revealed significant advantages of simultaneous use of verbal and nonverbal components to enhance the pragmatic effect of influencing the recipient through the use of creolized text in online communication. The complex nature of the hyper-genre of the virtual discourse of the Internet (hypertext, interactivity) is noted, contributing to the generation of genres and subgenres that function non-linearly in the social network. The English-language content published by Pfizer on Instagram is defined by the authors as repetitive (the image, video and audio sequence repeat the verbal text), excretory (visual material actualizes a certain aspect), integrative (the picture complements the text in the interests), pictorial-centric (the image occupies the main position). The importance of using a new type of communicative influence on the recipient without openly imposing goods and services, which occupies a leading position mainly in the discourse of Pfizer’s social networks, is emphasized. Based on the study, a number of manipulative language tactics and lexico-stylistic techniques most characteristic of the English-language presentation discourse of the social network Instagram have been identified. The importance of the wide use of the possibility of presentation discourse of social networks is actualized, which allows representatives of companies to build trusting friendly relations with the clientele and form a special value system of interpersonal interaction with the target audience through the exploitation of the possibilities of multi-level communication of the Instagram network: personal/ institutionalized (organizational); verbal/ nonverbal.
Engineering a machine learning pipeline for automating metadata extraction from longitudinal survey questionnaires
Authors: De Suparna , Moss Harry , Johnson Jon , Li Jenny , Pereira Haeron , Jabbari Sanaz
Published: March 2022

Data Documentation Initiative-Lifecycle (DDI-L) introduced a robust metadata model to support the capture of questionnaire content and flow, and encouraged through support for versioning and provenancing, objects such as BasedOn for the reuse of existing question items. However, the dearth of questionnaire banks including both question text and response domains has meant that an ecosystem to support the development of DDI ready Computer Assisted Interviewing (CAI) tools has been limited. Archives hold the information in PDFs associated with surveys but extracting that in an efficient manner into DDI-Lifecycle is a significant challenge.

While CLOSER Discovery has been championing the provision of high-quality questionnaire metadata in DDI-Lifecycle, this has primarily been done manually. More automated methods need to be explored to ensure scalable metadata annotation and uplift.

This paper presents initial results in engineering a machine learning (ML) pipeline to automate the extraction of questions from survey questionnaires as PDFs. Using CLOSER Discovery as a ‘training and test dataset’, a number of machine learning approaches have been explored to classify parsed text from questionnaires to be output as valid DDI items for inclusion in a DDI-L compliant repository.

The developed ML pipeline adopts a continuous build and integrate approach, with processes in place to keep track of various combinations of the structured DDI-L input metadata, ML models and model parameters against the defined evaluation metrics, thus enabling reproducibility and comparative analysis of the experiments.  Tangible outputs include a map of the various metadata and model parameters with the corresponding evaluation metrics’ values, which enable model tuning as well as transparent management of data and experiments.
Peningkatan Kualitas Keripik Jamur Tiram Produksi Kelompok Tani Pesona Jamur dengan Mesin Spinner
Authors: Yudha Venditias , Hayati Nur , Hariyanto Satriawan Dini
Published: March 2022

Pesona Jamur farmer groups primarily focus on producing baglog and cultivating oyster mushrooms. Currently, they are doing business development by making a food product called oyster mushroom chips. This program aims at improving the quality of processed oyster mushroom chips by applying the appropriate technology of a spinner machine equipped with a magnetic contactor. The method used were practical training and assistance in processing oyster mushroom chips then dissemination of applied technology a spinner machine to the partners. The result of this program indicated that the oyster mushroom chip product processed by the Pesona Mushroom Farmers Group has a light brown color and the shape of the mushroom chips is not crushed. Oyster mushroom chip products are of higher quality than before the training activities because they had used the correct processing technique. The taste of the chips is also more savory, coupled with the complete form of chips, which are expected to attract consumers and increase product value. The correct chip processing technique and a spinner machine can minimize the oil content in oyster mushroom chips and expired dates. The product's expiration has increased from one month to four months without preservatives.
Diversifikasi Produk Olahan Ikan Wader dan Manajemen Usaha Berbasis Marketing Online di BUMDes Margosari, Kulon Progo
Authors: Setiyoko Agus , Nurdiarti Rosalia Prismarini , Nastain M
Published: March 2022

Margosari village has the Serang River which is a source of income for the community. The catched fish is sold in the form of fresh wader fish at a price of Rp. 7,000.00 to Rp. 9,000.00 / Kg. Selling price and storage capacity of wader fish are very low, so it needs to be increased by diversifying the process into krispi wader as one of the business opportunities. The problems faced by partners are: 1) Limited knowledge and skills regarding the diversification process of wader fish; 2) Packaging method is still simple and does not meet standards; and 3) Marketing process is still carried out by direct selling and has not used online marketing method. This community service program aims to increase knowledge and skills regarding the diversification process of wader fish into krispi wader, packaging technology and online marketing. The methods used in conducting this program were in the form of counseling and training as well as assistance to 20 BUMDes members. Counseling and training activities include: 1) Counseling and training on the diversification of processed wader fish into krispi wader fish; 2) Counseling and packaging training was held to know how to pack and making packaging labels; 3) Marketing training based on online marketing. The benchmarks for the success of this service activity can be seen from the increasing of knowledge and skills regarding the diversification of wader krispi process, knowledge of labels and packaging as well as knowledge of online marketing for members of the Margosari BUMDes group based on pretest and posttest analysis of service activities. The conclusion of this service activity is that the counseling method followed by training methods are effective for members of the Margosari BUMDes group in diversifying their wader fish, labeling and packaging as well as online marketing.
GREEN CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY: GREEN INNOVATION DAN NILAI PERUSAHAAN
Authors: Cahyaningtyas Susi R , Isnaini Zuhrotul , Ramadhani Rahmi Sri
Published: March 2022

Teori pemangku kepentingan mengungkapkan bahwa semua informasi yang dipublikasikan oleh perusahaan dapat digunakan oleh semua pemangku kepentingan tanpa kecuali untuk mengambil keputusan. Green CSR (GCSR) merupakan komitmen perusahaan untuk menjaga lingkungan dengan mengurangi polusi, limbah, dan efek rumah kaca. GCSR menjadi pemicu bagi perusahaan untuk melakukan inovasi hijau (green innovation) dengan menggunakan material yang ramah lingkungan selama proses produksi dan juga menghasilkan produk yang ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji secara empiris hubungan langsung antara GCSR dan nilai perusahaan serta hubungan tidak langsung antara GCSR dan nilai perusahaan dengan inovasi hijau sebagai variabel mediasi. Sampel penelitian adalah seluruh perusahaan manufaktur yang go public di Bursa Efek Indonesia yang mengungkapkan GCSR periode 2017 - 2018 dalam rupiah. Berdasarkan kriteria sampel diperoleh 83 observasi. Pengujian hipotesis menggunakan analisis jalur dan Uji Sobel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa GCSR mempengaruhi inovasi hijau (inovasi proses hijau dan inovasi produk hijau) dan inovasi proses hijau dan inovasi produk hijau mempengaruhi nilai perusahaan. Namun, GCSR tidak mempengaruhi nilai perusahaan dan inovasi proses hijau dan inovasi produk hijau bukan bagian dari mediasi parsial atau penuh, melainkan sebagai variabel independen.
Graça de Deus ou Libertação do Homem?
Authors: Miranda Mário de França
Published: March 2022

A nenhum de nós escapa a existência de tensões na Igreja latino-americana, provocadas por atitudes e posicionamentos diversos, quando não antagónicos, diante de questões centrais para o futuro do cristianismo no continente. Estas divergências resultam, em geral, da confluência de vários fatores, que (devemos confessar isto realisticamente) em sua totalidade jamais poderão ser radicalmente eliminados. Sendo um destes fatores, de grande peso em impedir o diálogo e a compreensão mútua, a ausência de uma reflexão teológica que mediatize conceitualmente visões e representações da fé do passado com as do presente, aparece já o objetivo concreto e limitado deste estudo.
Narrativa e Liturgia Cristã
Authors: Castillo Alfonso , Del Valle Luis G. , Mora Raúl H.
Published: March 2022

Quando se enfoca a temática da espiritualidade latino-americana, em sentido amplo, mas com sua insubstituível referência aos pobres e oprimidos, destinatários privilegiados do Evangelho, urgente tentar reconstruir suas forças motrizes. Pois são estas forças motrizes que estão contribuindo para a renovação e revitalização da Igreja na América Latina (AL) e, em particular, da liturgia cristã...
Анатомические особенности строения эпидермы листовой пластинки лантаны сводчатой (Lantana camara L.) и витекса священного (Vitex agnus-castus L.) из биоколлекции оранжерейного комплекса ВИЛАР
Authors: Савченко Ольга Михайловна , Запова Ирина Олеговна , Меркулова Наталья Борисовна
Published: March 2022

Изучено микроскопическое строение эпидермы листовых пластинок витекса священного и лантаны сводчатой из биоколлекции оранжерейного комплекса ВИЛАР. Эпидерму листовой пластинки изучали на свежем материале. Собирали листья из срединной части неодревесневших побегов (по 10 шт.). Микроморфологический анализ включал изучение формы основных клеток эпидермы, количественных показателей трихом и устьиц на 1 мм2. Железки и железистые трихомы сосредоточены на нижней эпидерме листовых пластинок исследованных видов. Эпидерма лантаны складчатой имеет более высокую, по сравнению с витексом священным, степень опушения. Отличается значительным количеством железистых трихомов. Эпидерма витекса священного имеет схожие анатомические структуры с некоторыми представителями семейства Вербеновые: железистые трихомы имеют характерную форму головки с коническим образованием в верхней части. Получение новых дополнительных сведений по микроструктуре эпидермы листовых пластинок позволит расширить биолого-морфологическую характеристику данных тропических растений и способствует в уточнении систематического положения отдельных видов.
ДНК-технологии в создании нового селекционного материала томата на основе стерильных форм с повышенной устойчивостью к вирусу табачной мозаики и толерантностью к фитофторозу для юга России
Authors: Козлова Ирина Викторовна
Published: March 2022

Одним из основных препятствий на пути увеличения производства томатов является поражаемость их болезнями и вредителями. Введение в селекцию генетического материала от селекционных доноров, содержащего гены устойчивости к патогенам, является наиболее эффективной стратегией поддержания продуктивности культурного томата. Гибридизация с донорами хозяйственно ценных признаков позволяет пирамидировать гены устойчивости и вводить их в культурные сорта и гибриды. Использование высокоспецифичных ДНК маркеров генов/локусов устойчивости томатов к определенным расам фитофтороза (Ph), вирусу табачной мозаики (Tm) и ФМС-линий дает возможность создания гетерозисных гибридов F1, толерантных к этим заболеваниям. Применение ДНК маркеров позволяет ускорить селекционный процесс. В 2020 – 2021 гг. в Краснодарском крае проведен скрининг имеющегося селекционного материала томата. По результатам ДНК-анализа и комплексу хозяйственно ценных признаков выделены генотипы, устойчивые к Tm. Подобраны родительские формы для гибридизации. Отобраны 2 информативных молекулярных маркера Tms 37 и UMD 2060, которые выявляют аллельную разницу между устойчивыми и восприимчивыми образцами. При оценке гибридных образцов томата на толерантность к Ph отбракованы восприимчивые генотипы, у которых поражались стебли и плоды, и выделены формы с полевой устойчивостью, с которых отобраны плоды и получены семена для дальнейшего этапа селекционной программы.
Меры государственного регулирования аграрного сектора экономики Пермского края
Authors: Штин Антон Александрович , Яркова Татьяна Михайловна
Published: March 2022

Дополнительным стимулом к поиску благоприятных экономических условий при разработке Государственной программы развития сельского хозяйства и регулирования рынков сельскохозяйственной продукции, сырья и продовольствия стало понимание неизбежности глобального изменения климата, а также введение рядом государств различных экономических санкций, начиная с 2014 г. Сформулированные меры отражены в форме Доктрины продовольственной безопасности РФ, утверждённой в 2020 г. Первостепенную роль в продвижении такой политики играют меры государственного регулирования в рамках реализации принятой доктрины поддержки аграрного сектора, поэтому разработка таких мер является актуальным направлением для экономики России. Скоординированная работа федерального центра и региональных властей с предпринимателями является эффективной мерой по предотвращению многих рисков в экономике в ходе реализации утвержденной программы. Классифицированы и проанализированы меры государственного регулирования аграрного сектора экономики регионов на примере Пермского края.
Research of accumulative chilling system usage effectiveness at meat and poultry processing enterprises
Authors:   All-Russian Scientific Research Refrigeration Institute — the branch of FSBSI “FSC of Food Systems named after V.M. Gorbatov” RSA(ARSRRI), Moscow, Russia, Georgy Belozerov , Magomed Dibirasulayev ,   All-Russian Scientific Research Refrigeration Institute — the branch of FSBSI “FSC of Food Systems named after V.M. Gorbatov” RSA(ARSRRI), Moscow, Russia, Victor Pitchenko ,   All-Russian Scientific Research Refrigeration Institute — the branch of FSBSI “FSC of Food Systems named after V.M. Gorbatov” RSA(ARSRRI), Moscow, Russia, Nikita Pribitkovsky ,   FSAEI HE “Moscow Poly Technical University” (Moscow Polytech), Moscow, Russia
Published: March 2022

The results have been expounded in the paper for calculation and analytical researches of refrigeration treatment of boiled smoked meat products. The scheme has been proposed for accumulative chilling system with phase change refrigerant. The system ensures industry and ecologic safety.
Light pulsation in poultry house effect on layers production in LED lighting systems usage
Authors:   FSBSI Federal Scientific Center “All-Russian Research and Technological Poultry Institute” RAS (FSC ARRTPI RAS), Moscow region, Russia, Alexey Kavtarashvily , Eugeny Novotorov ,   FSBSI Federal Scientific Center “All-Russian Research and Technological Poultry Institute” RAS (FSC ARRTPI RAS), Moscow region, Russia, Dmitry Gladin ,   “Technosvet Group” LLC, Vologda region, Russia
Published: March 2022

Effect of light pulsation frequency in poultry house has been studied on industrial herd layers livability and production in LED lighting system usage. LED light lamps usage with less than 488 Hz pulsation frequency has been deter- mined to lead to livability and production decreasing and efficiency of feed usage decreasing too.
Bird flu: Between past and future
Authors:   “Damate” CG, Moscow, Russia, Edward Mailyan
Published: March 2022

The complex program effectiveness has been considered in the paper for biodefence, with total poultry vaccination as one of the main parts.
The UN MDGs in Indonesia: Analyzing Its Failure in Eradicating Poverty in Indonesia
Authors:   Hasanuddin University, Indonesia, Cangara Abdul Razaq
Published: March 2022

The United Nations (UN) Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), an international development movement oriented towards human welfare and global poverty eradication with measurable goals and targets, had hit the deadline by 2015. Its implementation reaped various contestations and claims regarding its success and failures in eradicating poverty in Indonesia. The Indonesian government claimed to have succeeded (on the track) in meeting the MDGs targets in eradicating poverty by reducing half of the number of Indonesians who earn one dollar per day (purchasing power parity/PPP) for the period 1990-2015. Meanwhile, the reality on the ground showed the contrast. Many Indonesian people lived in poverty and had minimal access to public health and education facilities. UNESCAP reported that Indonesia was one of the countries in the Asia Pacific region, which was alarming to achieve the MDGs. Based on such contradictions regarding the MDGs' poverty eradication mission in Indonesia, this article aims to examine why the MDGs program had not been able to overcome the problem of poverty in Indonesia? This article employs norm life cycle (dynamics) theory to investigate the problem behind UN MDGs' inability to overcome poverty in Indonesia. UN MDGs were considered a global norm in this article, substantiating the poverty eradication mission. Using the norm life cycle theory theorizing the three stages of norm development, starting from norm emergence, cascade, and internalization, this article reviews and investigates how Indonesia had dealt and performed in each of those norm life cycle stages within the framework of global poverty eradication norm. Based on the theoretical approach used, this article argues that the inability of UN MDGs to resolve poverty in Indonesia was due to the excessive use of statistical and quantitative basis of poverty eradication efforts rather than a more qualitative and welfare building approaches. Moreover, a systemic problem existed upon MDGs' coordination and implementation on the Indonesian government and donor countries/institutions. It included the lack of commitment to official development aid (ODA) realization, renegotiation and elimination of Indonesia's foreign debt, and rampant corruption in the national development and poverty eradication funds.
ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES OF A METAL/PMMA/METAL HETEROSTRUCTURE NEAR A FIRST-ORDER PHASE TRANSITION IN A METAL
Authors:   Institute of Molecule and Crystal Physics, Ufa Scientific Centre, RAS, Bunakov A.A. , Korionov I.S. ,   Bashkirenergo LLC, North-East region of ITiS software, Altynshina G.R. ,   Institute of Molecule and Crystal Physics, Ufa Scientific Centre, RAS, Baibulova G.Sh. ,   Akmullah Bashkir State Pedagogical University, Lachinov A.N. ,   Institute of Molecule and Crystal Physics, Ufa Scientific Centre, RAS
Published: March 2022

The paper shows that the use of a non-conjugated polymer such as poly(methyl methacrylate) as an electroactive polymer in a metal-polymer-metal structure can demonstrate the effect of charge instability induced by changing the boundary conditions in the region of a first-order phase transition in the contacting metal.
LOW-LYING QUASINORMAL MODE FREQUENCIES OF TAUB-NUT BLACK HOLE
Authors:   Akmullah Bashkir State Pedagogical University, Izmailov R.N. , Karimov R.Kh. ,   Akmullah Bashkir State Pedagogical University, Imaev I.I. ,   Akmullah Bashkir State Pedagogical University, Kosarev N.F. ,   Akmullah Bashkir State Pedagogical University
Published: March 2022

Quasi-normal modes of black holes determine the damping of disturbances at intermediate times and are important in studying the dynamics of black holes and external fields around them. Currently, interest in quasi-normal modes is due to three of their features. The first one is connected with the possibility of observing quasi-normal modes and obtaining a "trace" of a black hole with the help of new-generation gravitational antennas under construction. Recently, collaborations between the Laser Interferometric Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO) and the French-Italian gravitational wave detector located at the European Gravitational Observatory (VIRGO) reported the observation of a gravitational wave signal corresponding to the spiral and merging of two black holes, resulting in the formation of a single black hole. It was shown that the observations agree with Einstein's theory of gravity with a high accuracy, limited mainly by a statistical error. The second concerns the anti-de Sitter / Conformal field theory correspondence, which implies that a large black hole in anti-de Sitter space corresponds roughly to thermal states in Conformal field theory. Thus, the damping of black hole perturbations can be associated with the return to thermal equilibrium of the perturbed state in the Conformal field theory. Note that in anti-de Sitter space, the quasi-normal modes of black holes control the decay of the field at later times, since there are no power-law tails and the decay is always exponential. The third feature is associated with the possible connection of quasinormal modes of black holes in some space-time geometries with the Choptyuk scaling. This paper investigates the low-lying frequencies of the quasi-normal modes of the Taub-NUT (Newman-Unti-Tamburino) black hole for scalar, electromagnetic, and Dirac perturbations using the Wenzel, Kramers, and Brillouin (WKB) approximation of the third order. The influence of the NUT metric parameter on the considered types of frequencies of quasi-normal modes is shown.
PROPERTIES OF REFLECTIVE-ASSYMETRIC WORMHOLES WITH A NONLINEAR ELECTROMAGNETIC CHARGE
Authors:   Akmullah Bashkir State Pedagogical University, Akhtaryanova G.F. , Aygisheva E.E. ,   Akmullah Bashkir State Pedagogical University, Izmailov R.N. ,   Akmullah Bashkir State Pedagogical University
Published: March 2022

The paper investigates a wormhole model obtained by combining the Bardeen space-time of mass and charge on the one side and the Schwarzschild space-time of mass on the other. These objects are spherically symmetric in shape, but not reflectively symmetric, since the associated space-times are different. Reflectively asymmetric wormholes can reflect a significant portion of the incident radiation back into the spacetime in which it originated. Previously, this effect was considered in terms of the effective photon potential. Depending on the parameters of the model, the image of such a wormhole seen by a distant observer (its "shadow") may contain a photon ring formed on the side of the observer and a photon ring formed on the other side of the wormhole, or both photon rings. These unique topological features will allow us to clearly distinguish this class of objects from black holes using radio astronomy observations.
AN IMPACT OF BARDEEN BLACK HOLE CHARGE ON TIMES OF ARRIVAL OF SIGNALS
Authors:   Akmullah Bashkir State Pedagogical University, Tuleganova G.Yu.
Published: March 2022

In this paper we consider an impact of Bardeen black hole charge on times of arrival of signals on the time delay caused by frame-dragging effect. This effect can arise in astrophysical systems, where one of the companions of the binary system emits a variable electromagnetic signal. A variable signal travels on both sides of a rotating object in the equatorial plane. We consider a spherically symmetric regular black hole by Bardeen as a rotating object, which has a deviation parameter g besides mass M and spin a. This parameter is related to the described nonlinear electrodynamics, and the Bardeen metric reduces to the Kerr metric when g = 0. We investigate times of arrival of signals effect in a realistic final lens system in a Bardeen black hole compared to a Kerr–Newman black hole. It is noteworthy that an influence of electric charge on the time delay in the Kerr–Newman black hole appears in the second and third orders, and an influence of the charge in the Bardeen black hole only in the third order. The contribution of the leading-order time delay with the capabilities of modern equipment is fundamentally measurable, however, the influence of the charge manifests itself only in the third, therefore, this study is more of academic interest than practical. For the binary system pulsar – black hole Cygnus X-1, numerical values were tabulated.
KEY FACTORS OF THE QUALITY OF INFORMATION DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGIONAL ECONOMY IN A PANDEMIC
Authors:   Institute of Social and Economic Researches – Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Akhmetov T.R.
Published: March 2022

The article substantiates a theoretical and methodological approach to the quality of information development of the region's economy in a pandemic. Taking this factor into account allows us to improve the approach to assessing regions based on the qualitative characteristics of economic information (in the form of the evolution of information resources of the regional socio-economic system: knowledge forming competences, the interaction of which creates intellectual property objects used as intangible assets) evolving in the innovation subsystem of the region. This allows us to relate each of the regional socio-economic systems to four groups: the 1st level (metropolitan agglomerations are the resource concentrators of the Russian Federation solving national-scale problems – these regions correspond to the model of the global center), these regions most quickly and effectively introduce anti-pandemic measures and their innovative the subsystem generates the largest number of intellectual property objects further (OIP) as a response to the pandemic challenge for the socio-economic system, level 2 (regions with cities with a million-plus population – scientific, educational and industrial agglomerations – a catch-up model is used), these regions have a slower response to the pandemic challenge, but they quickly and in large volumes increase the production of drugs and drugs against it, and on the basis of previous developments from the outside create IPOs in smaller quantities, but adapting them most to their production needs m and needs, the 3rd level (a transitional model to the catching-up type – large industrial centers and their infrastructure with separate elements of the scientific and innovative sphere), this group focuses on increasing production volumes and creating know-how to increase it, with small volumes of creation OIC, 4th level regions of the global periphery – with a predominantly raw material orientation of industry, there is no concentration of resources, population and the development of the information base of the economy), the region's data weakly interact with other socio-economic regional systems, in fact, without developing suva production potential in response to pandemic challenge, in such regions there is a small amount of creation and registration of IPOs and the use of intangible assets further (intangible assets). The mechanism of the typology of regions, under the influence of key factors in determining the quality of information development of the region's economy in a pandemic, is disclosed in this article.
Microbicidity of blood neutrophils in pigs at different schemes of use of the feed additive «Protamin»
Authors: Krapivina E. , Sergeeva E. , Ivanov D. , Menkova A.
Published: March 2022

Purpose. to study the influence of the feeding scheme of the feed additive «Yeast hydrolyzate “Protamine”» on the activity of microbicidal mechanisms of blood neutrophils in pigs.

Materials and methods. In the conditions of the Baikovo pig farm in the Bryansk region, 3 groups of 10 piglets of 58-61 days of age (on growing) with a live weight of 11.16 ± 0.01 kg were formed from sows (large white x Landrace), inseminated with Duroc boar sperm. Animals of group 1 were control, piglets of group 2 received 5 grams of feed supplement «Yeast hydrolyzate “Protamin”» with water once a day for 75 days according to the scheme: 7 days — watering, 7 days — break; animals of the 3rd group also received once a day with water 5 grams of feed additive «Yeast hydrolyzate “Protamin“» for 75 days, but according to the scheme: 7 days — drinking, 14 days — a break. Blood for the study was taken from 5 animals of each group from the jugular vein in the morning before feeding before the start of the experiment, after 35 and 75 days, and also one month after the end of drinking the drug. One month before the 1st blood sampling, all piglets were vaccinated against classical swine fever. One month before the 2nd blood sampling, all piglets were vaccinated against swine erysipelas, and the day before this blood sampling, they were revaccinated against classical swine fever. One month before 3 blood sampling, all pigs were revaccinated against swine erysipelas. A month after the end of the feeding of the feed additive to the experimental animals, pigs of all groups were subjected to technological stress — they began to prepare for slaughter: they began to starve, carried out a veterinary examination and weighing, after which they took blood for analysis. It was found that post-vaccination stress caused a more pronounced decrease in oxygen-dependent and oxygen-independent microbicidal activity of blood neutrophils than pre-slaughter stress.

Results. The use of the feed additive «Protamin» according to both schemes contributed to an increase in oxygen-independent microbicidal activity and the appearance of an adaptation reserve of oxygen-dependent microbicidal activity, which is more pronounced in pigs when using the drug according to the scheme: 7 days — drinking, 7 days — a break. The absence of stressful influences led to the optimization of homeostasis.
Influence of mineral nutrition of repair heifers on the digestibility of nutrients
Authors: Menkova A. , Andreev A. , Tsygankov E. , Krapivina E. , Kurskaya Yu.
Published: March 2022

Purpose: study of the effect of mineral nutrition on digestibility and the use of nutrients of rations. Materials and methods. Repair heifers served for research from 6- to 18-months of age. According to the methods of groups of analogues, two groups of heifers, black and motley breed were formed. The control group received a feeding diet adopted in the economy. Animals of the experimental group were fed by the ration with the optimal level of mineral substances. Contents binding. Feeding, watering is individual. The determination of nutrients of the rations was carried out according to the techniques adopted. Results. It has been established that the age of animals, as well as the balance of rations on the complex of the missing mineral elements, has a noticeable effect on the digestibility of nutrients. In repairing heifers with an optimal mineral feeding level, an increase in dry and organic matter, raw protein, raw fat, raw fiber, without nitrous extractive substances is marked. Increased digestibility coefficient of nutrients of the diet, namely dry and organic matter by 1,38% and 1,78%, crude protein 2,82% and 3,40%, raw fat, 3,21% and 2,65%, raw fiber 3,55% and 2,56%, without nitrous extractive substances – 0,7% and 1,33%. These physiological studies show that with age in animals, the use of nitrogen changes. So in 6-month-old heifers of the experimental group, the degree of nitrogen's absorption from the adopted with feed is 30,01%, from the digestible 44,9%. 18-month-old - respectively, from the age taken with the feed – 18,96%, from the digestive – 30,05%. This is due to the relative increase in the fiber diet and slowing the growth intensity of muscle tissue. The use of nitrogen varies also under the influence of the level of mineral substances in rations. Studies have shown that the replenishment of their deficiency in the rations of animals of the experimental group ensures an increase in nitrogen deposits in a body by 10,9-11,6%. The degree of its use (both from the feed and digested) was higher.
Kondratiev Waves and Macroeconomics
Authors:   Institute of Economics of the RAS, Maevsky V. I.
Published: March 2022

Contemporary mainstream macroeconomics tends to ignore the phenomenon of K-waves in dynamic economic modelling. The relevance of this article lies in the fact that it describes the conditions in which it is possible to implement K-waves in macro- and meso-economic modelling. The purpose of the study is to show that K-waves manifest themselves not in the dynamics of output (as macro-economists think) but in the behavior of technical, economic, and socio-economic indicators, reflecting the interaction of the two forces. The first force is the radical technological changes that accompany the transition from one technological mode to another and that trigger K-waves of technical and economic indicators, such as capital productivity. The second force is generated by the countercyclical response of the state and market to radical technological changes. The statistical analysis was used to identify the sinusoidal dynamics of the US capital intensity based on the data for 1946–2019. The research also applied a SMR model, which differs from orthodox macro-models in that it captures the effects of the coexistence of different generations of fixed capital. This model was used to calculate various variants of the interaction between the two above-mentioned forces. The calculations showed that the regulator has sufficiently powerful instruments to dampen the fluctuating dynamics of technical and economic indicators caused by shifts in technological modes at the GDP level. Thus, it is possible to use K-waves in macroanalysis. Moreover, such a possibility can be successfully implemented with the help of a heterodox model of switching reproduction mode. This fact signifies a noticeable advantage of heterodox economics, which recognizes K-waves, over mainstream macroeconomics.
Modeling Credit Emission in a Growing Economy: Long-Term Effects and Excesses
Authors:   Institute of Economics of the RAS, Malkov S. Y. , Rubinstein A. A. ,   Institute of Economics of the RAS
Published: March 2022

According to experts, the factor of monetary emission has not been studied enough among the factors which influence the emergence of long-period economic cycles. The neutrality of money is one of the reasons of long-period cycles. The authors of the article disagree with this opinion, since they support the concept of the non-neutrality of money in the long run. Accordingly, the purpose of the article is to investigate the features of this non-neutrality. Methodologically, the study relies on the mathematical modeling. The study has been conducted using the model of switching reproduction mode (SMR) created at the Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences — as a mesoeconomic mathematical model that calculates macro- and mesoeconomic changes based on the calculation of circulation of money, giving due regard the inflation with periodic renewal of fixed capital. The resulting lag effects of this update bring dynamics to the model and determine its most significant advantage. The main attention is given to credit emission. The nonlinear (threshold) effects accompanying credit issue make the analysis of its consequences more complicated. Numerical experiments are used to examine the influence of the debt load of the production subsystems s and the interest rate r on changes in the dynamics of the economic system. These effects in combination with other factors can lead to long-term dynamics in macroeconomic processes. The study includes a preliminary analysis of the ways to overcome the negative effects accompanying credit emission. It is justified that credit emission alone is not sufficient and additional emission by the Central Bank is necessary. Although additional emission may have a more serious inflationary impact, it can to a certain extent reduce the negative impact of credit emission. The results of the study can be used to substantiate recommendations for optimizing monetary policy.
Economic Theory, Ideology, and Economic Interests
Authors:   Institute of Economics of the RAS, Kirdina-Chandler S. G. ,   Institute of Economics of the Ural branch of RAS
Published: March 2022

The social significance of economic theory is widely discussed in Russia and in the world. The role of economic theory depends on the efforts of theoretical economists themselves as well as on the context of its development. Ideology and economic interests are important elements of this context. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine these elements and the relationship between economic theory, ideology and economic interests in Western countries, in China and the USSR by comparing neoclassical economic theory,“political economy with Chinese characteristics”, and political economy developed in the early Soviet period. Methodologically, the study relies on the methods of cross-country analysis, case study and biographical analysis. The study comprises three levels: individual, institutional, and societal. The individual level is represented by individual economists, more specifically, the focus will be made on Nikolai Kondratiev’s views and ideological preferences. The institutional level is represented by communities of economists working within common areas of interest. The societal level means that economic theory, ideology and economic interests are considered at the level of society as a whole. As a result of the study, similar patterns of development of neoclassical economic theory, Soviet political economy, and “political economy with Chinese characteristics” were identified. These similarities can be explained by the role of economic theory in society and the way economic knowledge is organized and functions. It was also shown that a mismatch between the development of economic theory, ideology and economic interests may have a negative impact. It was observed towards individual economists, what is shown in the example of Kondratiev, and specific areas of economic theory development in the period of Soviet political economy.
From the Third Technological Revolution to the Fourth: An Overview of Contemporary Theoretical Approaches and Concepts
Authors:   Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the RAS, Maltsev A. A.
Published: March 2022

The article describes the evolution of the theoretical concept of industrial transformation in the era of modern economic growth. Analysis of contemporary research literature brings to light the key perspectives on the role of industry in sustainable development and the influence of industrial changes on the global business cycles. Special emphasis is made on the concepts of third and fourth industrial revolutions in Russian and international research and the associated concepts such as “technological change”, “technological revolution”, and “innovation”. Among other things, the study discusses the difference between the Schumpeterian interpretation of long waves of economic growth and the concept of sequential change of techno-economic paradigms proposed by Carlota Perez. The conclusion is made that although economists may disagree about the sources and features of technological transformations as well as the problems they engender, the role of technology is generally seen as crucial to global structural changes. Regarding the Russian context, it is shown that as the centre of the global economy is shifting to the East, it is essential that the country’s government should stop fetishizing particular spheres of technological progress.
Cybernetic Revolution, Sixth Long Kondratiev Cycle, and Global Aging
Authors:   HSE University, Grinin L. E. , Grinin A. L. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Korotayev A. V. ,   HSE University
Published: March 2022

The article aims to show the potential of the synthesis of Kondratiev’s concept of long cycles (waves), the theory of production (technological) revolutions, and the concept of the leading sectors and technological orders. Based on these theories, the article analyzes the contemporary cybernetic revolution that started in the 1950s and puts forward a prediction that the final phase of the cybernetic revolution will begin in the 2030s and that this final phase will merge with the sixth Kondratiev wave. The basis of the sixth technological order will be the complex of the leading technologies MANBRIC — medicine, additive technologies, nanotechnologies, robotics, IT, and cognitive technologies. Most of the technologies within this complex will be self-governing systems. One more important factor considered in the analysis is the global population ageing, which will have a significant impact on the development of technologies in the final phase of the cybernetic revolution and the sixth technological order. Global aging will spur the advancement of medical science and related fields and make medicine the most important integrating component of the emergent MANBRIC complex. It can be predicted that the upcoming final phase of the cybernetic revolution will be accompanied by the disappearance of K-waves and slowing down of the technological progress.
BRAJ B. KACHRU’S QUESTIONS
Authors:   Literatures and Linguistics at Indiana State University, USA., C.L. Nelson
Published: March 2022

In this essay, the author shares his memories of the developing scholarly identity of Braj B. Kachru, the father-founder of the revolutionary linguistic conception now known as the World Englishes paradigm. The personality of the great scholar, stimulated by the social realities he observed and reflected, as well as by the support of outstanding British sociolinguists whose names have been renowned as classics of linguistics, had a revolutionary impact on language studies and teaching
LINGUISTIC PERSONALITY MIRRORED THROUGH THE TRANSFER OF EVALUATIVE MEANINGS IN TRANSLATION
Authors:   Moscow City Pedagogical University, Vodyanitskaya A.A.
Published: March 2022

The paper focuses on translator's linguistic identity and the way it is revealed in translating evaluative language means. The study is based on the translations of Alexander Pushkin's poems by Julian Henry Lowenfeld. The research has revealed that the translations by J.H. Lowenfeld are metonymic by nature