bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Controlling the orbital Hall effect in gapped bilayer graphene in the terahertz regime
Authors: Cysne Tarik P. , Kort-Kamp W. J. M. , Rappoport Tatiana G.
Published: June 2024

We study the orbital Hall effect (OHE) in the AC regime using bilayer graphene (BLG) as a prototypical material platform. While the unbiased BLG has gapless electronic spectra, applying a perpendicular electric field creates an energy band gap that can be continuously tuned from zero to high values. By exploiting this flexibility, we demonstrate the ability to control the behavior of AC orbital Hall conductivity. Particularly, we demonstrate that the orbital Hall conductivity at the neutrality point changes its signal at a critical frequency, the value of which is proportional to the perpendicular electric field. For BLG with narrow band gaps, the active frequency region for the AC OHE may extend to a few terahertz, which is experimentally accessible with current technologies. We also consider the introduction of a perpendicular magnetic field in the weak-coupling regime using first-order perturbation theory to illustrate how the breaking of time-reversal symmetry enables the emergence of the AC charge Hall effect in the charge-doped situation and modifies the AC orbital Hall conductivity. Our calculations suggest that BLG with narrow band gaps is a practical candidate for investigating time-dependent orbital angular momentum transport.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Demonstrating Kondo behavior by temperature-dependent scanning tunneling spectroscopy
Authors: Turco Elia , Aapro Markus , Ganguli Somesh C. , Krane Nils , Drost Robert , Sobrino Nahual , Bernhardt Annika , Juríček Michal , Fasel Roman , Ruffieux Pascal , Liljeroth Peter , Jacob David
Published: June 2024

The Kondo effect describes the scattering of conduction electrons by magnetic impurities, manifesting as an electronic resonance at the Fermi energy with a distinctive temperature evolution. In this Letter, we present a critical evaluation of the current methodology employed to demonstrate Kondo behavior in transport measurements, underscoring the limitations of established theoretical frameworks and the influence of extrinsic broadening. We introduce an approach for analyzing spectroscopic indicators of the Kondo effect, employing the Hurwitz-Fano lineshape as a model for the Kondo resonance in the presence of extrinsic broadening. Through precise scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements on an exemplary spin-1/2 Kondo system, phenalenyl on Au(111), we demonstrate the efficacy of our proposed protocol in extracting accurate intrinsic Kondo linewidths from finite-temperature measurements. The extracted linewidths exhibit a robust fit with a recently derived expression for the temperature-dependent intrinsic Kondo linewidth, providing compelling evidence for the validity of the underlying theory.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Learning Molecular Mixture Property Using Chemistry-Aware Graph Neural Network
Authors: Zhang Hengrui , Lai Tianxing , Chen Jie , Manthiram Arumugam , Rondinelli James M. , Chen Wei
Published: June 2024

Recent advances in machine learning (ML) are expediting materials discovery and design. One significant challenge facing ML for materials is the expansive combinatorial space of potential materials formed by diverse constituents and their flexible configurations. This complexity is particularly evident in molecular mixtures, a frequently explored space for materials, such as battery electrolytes. Owing to the complex structures of molecules and the sequence-independent nature of mixtures, conventional ML methods have difficulties in modeling such systems. Here, we present MolSets, a specialized ML model for molecular mixtures, to overcome the difficulties. Representing individual molecules as graphs and their mixture as a set, MolSets leverages a graph neural network and the deep sets architecture to extract information at the molecular level and aggregate it at the mixture level, thus addressing local complexity while retaining global flexibility. We demonstrate the efficacy of MolSets in predicting the conductivity of lithium battery electrolytes and highlight its benefits in the virtual screening of the combinatorial chemical space.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Post-compulsory schooling of youth in Turkey: a case of pro-cyclical enrollment
Authors: Demirci Murat , Poyraz Meltem
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This study investigates the effect of business cycles on school enrollment in Turkey. During recessions, school enrollment might increase as opportunity cost of schooling declines, yet it might also decrease because of reduced income households have for education. Which effect dominates depends on the context. We empirically explore this in a context displaying canonical features of developing countries.

Design/methodology/approach

Using the Turkish Household Labor Force Survey data for a period covering the Great Recession, we estimate the effect of unemployment rate separately for enrollments in general and vocational high schools and in undergraduate programs. To understand the cyclicality, we use a probit model with the regional and time variations in unemployment rates. We also build a simple theoretical model of work-schooling choice to interpret the findings.

Findings

We find that the likelihood of enrolling in general high schools and undergraduate programs declines with higher adult unemployment rates, but the likelihood of enrollment in vocational high schools increases. Confronting these empirical findings with the theoretical model suggests that the major factor in enrollment cyclicality in Turkey is how parental resources allocated to education change during recessions by schooling type.

Originality/value

Our finding of pro-cyclical enrollment in academically oriented programs is in contrast with counter-cyclicality documented for similar programs in developed countries, which highlights the importance of income related factors in developing-country contexts. Our heterogeneous findings for general and vocational high schools are also novel.
Network meta‐analysis: Comparative onset of early effect of biologics and small molecules in moderately to severely active luminal Crohn's disease
Authors: Attauabi Mohamed , Steenholdt Casper , Poulsen Anja , Gubatan John , Burisch Johan , Nielsen Ole Haagen , Seidelin Jakob Benedict
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Rapidity of effect of advanced therapies for patients with Crohn's disease (CD) can be an essential decision parameter; however, comparative evaluation is lacking. We aimed to compare early response for advanced CD therapies in a network meta‐analysis (NMA).

Methods

We searched systematically MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL up to 19 February 2024, for randomised controlled trials. The co‐primary outcomes were induction of clinical remission (Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) ≤150) and clinical response (≥100‐point reduction in CDAI) within the first 6 weeks of treatment. We incorporated any assessment within this time point in a Bayesian random‐effects NMA following PRISMA‐NMA guidance (PROSPERO ID: CRD42022368509).

Results

Twenty‐five studies, comprising 7414 patients, were included. Infliximab combined with azathioprine or monotherapy ranked highest for induction of clinical remission within 6 weeks and was significantly superior to certolizumab, ustekinumab, guselkumab, vedolizumab, and upadacitinib. However, superiority over risankizumab 600 mg and adalimumab 160/80 mg was non‐significant. Accordingly, infliximab in combination with azathioprine and guselkumab 600 mg ranked highest in the corresponding analysis of clinical response with no statistical significance demonstrated. Among bio‐exposed patients, none of whom received infliximab, upadacitinib, and risankizumab induced the highest clinical responses. On the other hand, vedolizumab, certolizumab, and ustekinumab ranked lowest across the analyses.

Conclusions

We found infliximab to be ranked highest and superior to all other agents but risankizumab and adalimumab, demonstrating the highest probability of early induction of remission. Upadacitinib and risankizumab induced the highest clinical responses in bio‐exposed patients. However, infliximab was not investigated in this population.
An alternative in deriving subjective probabilities in the futures wagering market
Authors: Ryan Matt E.
Published: June 2024

Implied subjective probabilities from futures wagering markets are typically determined using a system known as “fair odds.” Here, an alternative system of calculating subjective probabilities—“quasi‐parimutuel”—is offered. Instead of considering individual lines independent of the remainder of the wagering opportunities, the quasi‐parimutuel method considers the ratios of wagers required between lines such that a constant return is generated for every line. As a result, relative to the fair odds system, favorites (underdogs) have higher (lower) subjective probabilities, and expected returns across all wagers vary.
Do employee perception of HR training quality and manager innovation signals employee thrive?
Authors: Koon Vui‐Yee , Yulita
Published: June 2024

Using signalling and self‐perception theory, we propose and test a multilevel model that investigates the impact of aggregated high‐quality HR training on individual‐level thriving through the innovative behaviour of managers. We collected data from 192 respondents in 45 teams from various multinational organizations and analysed it using a multilevel path analytic method, specifically Hierarchical Linear Modelling. The study's findings indicate that team‐level perceived high‐quality HR training positively predicts individual‐level employee‐rated managers' innovative work behaviour and employee‐rated managers' innovative work behaviour is positively related to employees' thriving at work. This finding supports our hypothesis of an indirect positive effect from HR training quality to thriving via managers' innovative work behaviour. Furthermore, the cross‐level analysis revealed that aggregated HR training quality strengthens the relationship signal that favours the manager's innovative work behaviour, which, in turn, positively affects their own thriving at work. Our research offers novel insights into the thriving process, underscoring the importance of considering both contextual and individual factors. Our findings' theoretical and practical implications are discussed in detail, including their limitations. In conclusion, this study provides valuable knowledge to organizations, managers and employees, highlighting the significance of high‐quality HR training and innovative work behaviour in promoting employee thriving.
Identifying indicators, empathy, and anthropomorphism in zoo visitors' perceptions of animal wellbeing through qualitative interviews
Authors: Sherman Wilson C. , Terry Ashley J. A. , Bowers Alison W.
Published: June 2024

To achieve their conservation missions, zoos and aquariums must understand how their audiences make judgments about animal wellbeing, as public trust and learning outcomes hinge on the extent to which animals living in these institutions seem well cared for. While previous research has investigated public perceptions of animal wellbeing, the majority of this work has focused on specific species or programs, with few studies employing qualitative research methods. Using qualitative analysis of data from 37 semi‐structured interviews with visitors to the Oakland Zoo, this study explores the indicators visitors used to assess animal wellbeing and the ways visitors employ empathy and anthropomorphism in their thinking about animal wellbeing. Our findings describe the suite of factors influencing visitors' perceptions of animal wellbeing: animal activity, animal habitats, interactions with zoo personnel, and animal health. We also describe the ways interviewees negotiate empathy and anthropomorphism with varying degrees of accuracy and reflectiveness.
EEG markers of successful allocentric spatial working memory maintenance in humans
Authors: Meziane Hadj Boumediene , Jabès Adeline , Klencklen Giuliana , Banta Lavenex Pamela , Lavenex Pierre
Published: June 2024

Several brain regions in the frontal, occipital and medial temporal lobes are known to contribute to spatial information processing. In contrast, the oscillatory patterns contributing to allocentric spatial working memory maintenance are poorly understood, especially in humans. Here, we tested twenty‐three 21‐ to 32‐year‐old and twenty‐two 64‐ to 76‐year‐old healthy right‐handed adults in a real‐world, spatial working memory task and recorded electroencephalographic (EEG) activity during the maintenance period. We established criteria for designating recall trials as perfect (no errors) or failed (errors and random search) and identified 8 young and 13 older adults who had at least 1 perfect and 1 failed trial amongst 10 recall trials. Individual alpha frequency–based analyses were used to identify oscillatory patterns during the maintenance period of perfect and failed trials. Spectral scalp topographies showed that individual theta frequency band relative power was stronger in perfect than in failed trials in the frontal midline and posterior regions. Similarly, gamma band (30–40 Hz) relative power was stronger in perfect than in failed trials over the right motor cortex. Exact low‐resolution brain electromagnetic tomography in the frequency domain identified greater theta power in perfect than in failed trials in the secondary visual area (BA19) and greater gamma power in perfect than in failed trials in the right supplementary motor area. The findings of this exploratory study suggest that theta oscillations in the occipital lobe and gamma oscillations in the secondary motor cortex (BA6) play a particular role in successful allocentric spatial working memory maintenance.
Barzilai Borwein Incremental Grey Polynomial Regression for train delay prediction
Authors: Singh Ajay , Dhanaraj Rajesh Kumar , Kadry Seifedine
Published: June 2024

The swift societal evolution and ceaseless advancement of human value of life have been set forth for reliability as well as rapidity of railway transportation. Latest advances in machine learning approaches as well as surging accessibility of numerous information sources is produced state‐of‐the‐art probabilities for significant, precise train delay identification. In this method called, Barzilai Borwein Incremental Grey Polynomial Regression (BBI‐GPR) is introduced for predicting train arrival/departure delays, which utilized for later delay management in an accurate manner with this method comprised into three sections such as, pre‐processing, feature selection and classification. First, with the raw ETA train delay dataset as input, Barzilai–Borwein Feature Rescaling‐based Pre‐processing is applied to model computationally efficient feature rescaled and normalized values. Second with processed features as input, Incremental Maximum Relevance Minimum Redundant‐based Feature Selection is applied to select error minimized optimal features. Finally, with optimal features selected as input, Grey Polynomial Regression‐based Prediction algorithm is employed to analyse train delay. For confirming proposed BBI‐GPR, as well as analyse its performance, compare standard train delay prediction method with existing machine learning‐based regression method. Results show that new variants outperform existing train delay prediction method by minimizing train delay prediction time, error rate by 25% and 27% respectively, with improved accuracy rate of 7%, therefore paving ways for efficient train delay prediction.
When geoscience meets generative AI and large language models: Foundations, trends, and future challenges
Authors: Hadid Abdenour , Chakraborty Tanujit , Busby Daniel
Published: June 2024

Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) represents an emerging field that promises the creation of synthetic data and outputs in different modalities. GAI has recently shown impressive results across a large spectrum of applications ranging from biology, medicine, education, legislation, computer science, and finance. As one strives for enhanced safety, efficiency, and sustainability, generative AI indeed emerges as a key differentiator and promises a paradigm shift in the field. This article explores the potential applications of generative AI and large language models in geoscience. The recent developments in the field of machine learning and deep learning have enabled the generative model's utility for tackling diverse prediction problems, simulation, and multi‐criteria decision‐making challenges related to geoscience and Earth system dynamics. This survey discusses several GAI models that have been used in geoscience comprising generative adversarial networks (GANs), physics‐informed neural networks (PINNs), and generative pre‐trained transformer (GPT)‐based structures. These tools have helped the geoscience community in several applications, including (but not limited to) data generation/augmentation, super‐resolution, panchromatic sharpening, haze removal, restoration, and land surface changing. Some challenges still remain, such as ensuring physical interpretation, nefarious use cases, and trustworthiness. Beyond that, GAI models show promises to the geoscience community, especially with the support to climate change, urban science, atmospheric science, marine science, and planetary science through their extraordinary ability to data‐driven modelling and uncertainty quantification.
Efficient biosynthesis of active hemoglobins through enhancing the import of heme in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Liu Fan , Sun Xiaoyan , Zhou Jingwen , Li Jianghua , Chen Jian , Du Guocheng , Zhao Xinrui
Published: June 2024

Hemoglobins, with heme as a cofactor, are functional proteins that have extensive applications in the fields of artificial oxygen carriers and foods. Although Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an ideal host for hemoglobin synthesis, it lacks a suitable transport system to utilize additional heme for active expression of hemoglobins, resulting in the cellular aggregation and degradation of the latter. Here, an effective heme importer, heme‐responsive gene 4 (Hrg‐4), was selected from six candidates through the comparison of effects on the growth rates of Δhem1 S. cerevisiae strain and the activities of various hemoglobins when supplemented with 5 mg·L−1 exogenous heme. Additionally, to counter the instability of plasmid‐based expression and the metabolic burden introduced from overexpressing Hrg‐4, a series of hrg‐4 integrated strains were constructed and the best engineered strain with five copies of hrg‐4 was chosen. We found that this engineered strain was associated with an increased binding rate of heme in monomeric leghemoglobin and multimeric human hemoglobin (76.3% and 16.5%, respectively), as well as an enhanced expression of both hemoglobins (52.8% and 17.0%, respectively). Thus, the engineered strain with improved heme uptake can be used to efficiently synthesize other heme‐binding proteins and enzymes in S. cerevisiae.
Different prognosis in cutaneous early‐onset and late‐onset Merkel cell carcinoma: a population‐based retrospective study
Authors: Li Zhujun , Hu Bozhi , Kang Lin , Zeng Songlu , Xiao Yiding , Yu Nanze , Huang Jiuzuo , Long Xiao
Published: June 2024

Background

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and highly aggressive form of skin cancer. However, there is limited research on the clinicopathological features of early‐onset MCC (EOMCC) and the differences between EOMCC and late‐onset MCC (LOMCC). Our objective was to evaluate the clinicopathological features and cancer‐specific survival (CSS) of EOMCC.

Methods

Our cohort study analyzed data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2020. Data from 1941 patients who were diagnosed with primary cutaneous MCC were included. We then divided the patients with MCC into two groups: those with EOMCC (526 patients) and those with LOMCC (1415 patients). CSS is used as the primary outcome.

Results

The EOMCC group exhibited trends toward advanced tumor progression, an expanded surgical scope, increased lymph node retrieval, intensified radiotherapy, greater utilization of systemic therapy, and a better prognosis. Multivariate analysis revealed that LOMCC (HR 3.305 [2.002–5.456], P < 0.001), advanced T stage (HR 1.430 [1.139–1.797], P = 0.002), advanced N stage (HR 1.522 [1.221–1.897], P < 0.001), M1 stage (HR 2.587 [1.480–4.521], P < 0.001), and radiation (HR 0.586 [0.410–0.837], P = 0.003) were significantly associated with CSS. Among these factors, EOMCC/LOMCC was most strongly associated with CSS, indicating that LOMCC is an independent risk factor for CSS. Interestingly, we found that regional EOMCC and localized or in situ LOMCC had almost completely overlapping survival curves (Plog‐rank = 0.620). Additionally, we observed that the TNM staging + age model was a more accurate predictor of CSS among MCC patients than using TNM staging alone.

Conclusions

We found that EOMCC has distinct clinicopathological features compared to LOMCC. EOMCC is associated with better CSS. The combination of TNM staging and age was more accurate for predicting patient outcomes than TNM staging alone.
Contract adoption of motivating green technological innovation in a supply chain
Authors: Li Bo , Wen Shuning , Li Xiufeng , Cheng Yuepeng
Published: June 2024

Green technological innovation has been widely recognized around the world; however, consumer environmental awareness may result in uncertain market demand growth and lead to manufacturers’ risk‐averse attitude towards green technological innovation. This paper focuses on the contract adoption problem of a risk‐averse manufacturer who is responsible for green technological innovation, through a resell contract (RC) or agency contract (AC) with a retail platform. Stackelberg models are built, and the conditional value at risk method is used to measure the manufacturer's risk‐averse behavior. The differences between two contracts are compared. We find that when the commission rate is less than some threshold, the green technological level under AC is greater than that under RC regardless of the fixed cost coefficient, otherwise the green technological level under RC is higher. Further, there is the dual excellent region for AC and RC where the manufacturer can not only obtain a higher level of green technology but also achieve better utility. Finally, consumer surplus and social welfare under two contracts are performed through numerical experiments.
Shifting of food sources affect abundance of yeast like symbionts in Lasioderma serricorne (F.)
Authors: Clinton Paul X. , Srinivasan Thanga Suja , Peñalver Cruz Ainara , Premachandran Krishnamanikumar
Published: June 2024

Host diet is one of the key factors that shapes insect associated microbial communities, and the impact of dietary shift on abundance of microbial communities and insect fitness is poorly understood. Cigarette beetle (Lasioderma serricorne (F.)) are in close association with yeast symbionts for nutritional and defence benefits. The present study highlights that dietary source determines the yeast abundance in cigarette beetle and any change in diet induces a shift in yeast abundance. A general trendline of increase in yeast abundance during larval and pupal stage followed by a drop in adult stages of cigarette beetle was observed among all diet sources. The yeast abundance varied among diet sources and was significantly higher on natal (wheat) and reverted colonies compared to other exposed dietary sources. Yeast abundance in reverted colonies of soybean and bengal gram increased to the levels of those that were originally feeding on wheat suggesting a similar microbial structure among those diet sources. The correlation between yeast abundance and beetle biomass among diet guilds suggest a predictable relationship between yeast symbionts and diet source. The investigation can provide further insights on yeast symbiont abundance and food source specificity in cigarette beetle biology and management.
The association between proton‐pump inhibitor use and recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy
Authors: Ho Chun‐Ting , Fu Chia‐Chu , Tan Elise Chia‐Hui , Kao Wei‐Yu , Lee Pei‐Chang , Huang Yi‐Hsiang , Huo Teh‐Ia , Hou Ming‐Chih , Wu Jaw‐Ching , Su Chien‐Wei
Published: June 2024

Background and Aim

The association between long‐term proton‐pump inhibitors (PPIs) use and malignancies had long been discussed, but it still lacks consensus. Our study investigated the association between PPI use and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence following curative surgery.

Methods

We retrospectively enrolled 6037 patients with HCC who underwent hepatectomy. Patients were divided into four groups according to their PPI usage. (non‐users: < 28 cumulative defined daily dose [cDDD]; short‐term users: 28–89 cDDD; mid‐term users: 90–179 cDDD, and long‐term users: ≥ 180 cDDD, respectively). Recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed using Kaplan–Meier method and Cox proportional hazard models.

Results

Among the 6037 HCC patients, 2043 (33.84%) were PPI users. PPI users demonstrated better median RFS (3.10 years, interquartile range [IQR] 1.49–5.01) compared with non‐users (2.73 years, IQR 1.20–4.74; with an adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] of 0.57, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.44–0.74, P < 0.001). When considering the cumulative dosage of PPI, only long‐term PPI users had significant lower risk of HCC recurrence than non‐PPI group (adj‐HR: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.35–0.70; P < 0.001). Moreover, the impact of long‐term PPIs use on improving RFS was significant in most of the subgroup analysis, except in patients with advanced tumor stages, with non‐cirrhosis, or with a history of chronic kidney disease. However, there were no significant differences in median OS between PPI users and non‐users (4.23 years, IQR 2.73–5.86 vs 4.04 years, IQR 2.51–5.82, P = 0.369).

Conclusion

Long‐term PPI use (≥ 180 cDDD) may be associated with a better RFS in HCC patients after hepatectomy.
Fruit and vegetable consumption among children in Saudi Arabia: Predictors and associations with dietary intake
Authors: Mumena Walaa Abdullah , Kutbi Hebah Alawi
Published: June 2024

Background

Data exploring factors related to the consumption of fruits and vegetables (F&V) among children in Saudi Arabia are lacking. The present study aimed to evaluate F&V consumption among Saudi children. Predictors of F&V intake and associations with dietary intake were also explored.

Methods

Cross‐sectional data of 424 Saudi children (6–12 years) were collected from their mothers using an online survey. Phone interviews were conducted with mothers and children to provide data on dietary intake of children.

Results

Most children included in the study (92.2%, n = 391) consumed less than five servings of F&V per day. Region of residency (B = −0.14, SE = 0.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.25 to −0.02, p = 0.019), paternal education level (B = 0.52, SE = 0.14, 95% CI = 0.24–0.79, p < 0.001) and family monthly income (B = 0.15, SE = 0.07, 95% CI = 0.01–0.29, p = 0.034) predicted the intake of F&V. Food neophobia and food pickiness also predicted the intake of F&V (B = −0.16, SE = 0.06, 95% CI = −0.27 to −0.05, p = 0.005 and B = −0.24, SE = 0.06, 95% CI = −0.36 to −0.12, p < 0.001, respectively). Children's intake of F&V positively predicted the intake of fibre, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, iodine and vitamin C.

Conclusions

Limited intake of F&V was observed among Saudi children. F&V consumption was found to be associated with a number of sociodemographic factors, including region of residency, paternal education level and family income, as well as children's food neophobia and pickiness. Children's intake of F&V predicted higher intake of fibre, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, iodine and vitamin C, suggesting that F&V consumption may contribute to improved intake of key nutrients in children.
A Pilot Evaluation of the Respect You Curriculum
Authors: Bennett Carly J. , Glassman Tavis J. , Saltzman Barbara , Dake Joseph A. , Kruse‐Diehr Aaron
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

The objective of this study is to evaluate the Respect YOU program's impact on students' eating expectancies, body image satisfaction levels, self‐efficacy, and knowledge. A total of 444 (intervention cohort n = 348, control cohort n = 96) underclassmen enrolled in health or physical education courses from 7 high schools in the Midwest participated in the study.

METHODS

A repeated measure research design was utilized to assess students' eating expectancies, body image satisfaction levels, self‐efficacy, and knowledge. More specifically, paired t‐tests were conducted to compare outcome measurements to evaluate the efficacy of the intervention.

RESULTS

Among the students who received the intervention (n = 348), there was a statistically significant change in scores for eating expectancies (Z = −14.403, p < .001), body image satisfaction levels (Z = −14.114, p < .001), social media self‐efficacy (Z = 14.868, p < .001), and knowledge scales (Z = −16.100, p < .001) at post‐intervention and compared to the control group.

CONCLUSIONS

Results indicate that the Respect YOU program was effective in improving body image scores, eating expectancies, self‐esteem, and knowledge‐related outcomes among students post‐intervention. These results can be used to further develop educational programming to address body image concerns and disordered eating among adolescents.
A guide to understanding big data for the nurse scientist: A discursive paper
Authors: Duah Henry Ofori , Boch Samantha , Arter Sara , Nidey Nichole , Lambert Joshua
Published: June 2024

Big data refers to extremely large data generated at high volume, velocity, variety, and veracity. The nurse scientist is uniquely positioned to leverage big data to suggest novel hypotheses on patient care and the healthcare system. The purpose of this paper is to provide an introductory guide to understanding the use and capability of big data for nurse scientists. Herein, we discuss the practical, ethical, social, and educational implications of using big data in nursing research. Some practical challenges with the use of big data include data accessibility, data quality, missing data, variable data standards, fragmentation of health data, and software considerations. Opposing ethical positions arise with the use of big data, and arguments for and against the use of big data are underpinned by concerns about confidentiality, anonymity, and autonomy. The use of big data has health equity dimensions and addressing equity in data is an ethical imperative. There is a need to incorporate competencies needed to leverage big data for nursing research into advanced nursing educational curricula. Nursing science has a great opportunity to evolve and embrace the potential of big data. Nurse scientists should not be spectators but collaborators and drivers of policy change to better leverage and harness the potential of big data.
Relationships Between Running Biomechanics and Femoral Articular Cartilage Thickness and Composition in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Patients
Authors: Lee Hyunwook , Clinger Dallin , Oh Minsub , Han Seunguk , Allen Steven P. , Page Garritt L. , Bruening Dustin A. , Hyldahl Robert D. , Hopkins J. Ty , Seeley Matthew K.
Published: June 2024

Background

Although individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) are at high risk for posttraumatic osteoarthritis, mechanisms underlying the relationship between running and knee cartilage health remain unclear.

Objective

We aimed to investigate how 30 min of running influences femoral cartilage thickness and composition and their relationships with running biomechanics in patients with ACLR and controls.

Methods

Twenty patients with ACLR (time post‐ACLR: 14.6 ± 6.1 months) and 20 matched controls participated in the study. A running session required both groups to run for 30 min at a self‐selected speed. Before and after running, we measured femoral cartilage thickness via ultrasound imaging. A MRI session consisted of T2 mapping.

Results

The ACLR group showed longer T2 relaxation times in the medial femoral condyle at resting compared with the control group (central: 51.2 ± 16.6 vs. 34.9 ± 13.2 ms, p = 0.006; posterior: 50.2 ± 10.1 vs. 39.8 ± 7.4 ms, p = 0.006). Following the run, the ACLR group showed greater deformation in the medial femoral cartilage than the control group (0.03 ± 0.01 vs. 0.01 ± 0.01 cm, p = 0.001). Additionally, the ACLR group showed significant negative correlations between resting T2 relaxation time in the medial femoral condyle and vertical impulse (standardized regression coefficients = −0.99 and p = 0.004) during running.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that those who are between 6 and 24 months post‐ACLR have degraded cartilage composition and their cartilage deforms more due to running vGRF.
Distribution of Inflammatory Infiltrate in Feline Mammary Lesions: Relationship With Clinicopathological Features
Authors: Rodrigues‐Jesus Joana , Canadas‐Sousa Ana , Oliveira Pedro , Figueira Ana Catarina , Marrinhas Carla , Petrucci Gonçalo N. , Gregório Hugo , Tinoco Flora , Goulart Andrea , Felga Helena , Vilhena Hugo , Dias‐Pereira Patrícia
Published: June 2024

Inflammation is a frequent finding in feline mammary neoplasms. Recent research suggests that the presence and location of tumour‐associated immune cells might play a significant role in the clinical outcome of feline mammary carcinomas. The present study aimed to characterise the overall inflammatory infiltrates in healthy, hyperplastic/dysplastic, benign and malignant lesions of the feline mammary gland, and to evaluate its association with clinicopathological features. Perilesional and intralesional inflammatory foci were evaluated in 307 lesions from 185 queens, and categorised according to its distribution and intensity. The presence, location and density of tertiary lymphoid structures were also assessed. A control group included 24 queens without mammary changes. The presence of intralesional and perilesional inflammatory infiltrate was observed in a majority of the lesions (80.8% and 90.2%, respectively), but differed according to the type of mammary lesion, being more remarkable in malignant neoplasms. Only scarce individual cells were observed in 28.1% of the normal mammary glands. Data analysis revealed statistically significant associations (p < 0.05) between the presence of a more prominent intralesional and perilesional inflammatory reaction and several clinicopathological features associated with worse prognosis, including clinical stage, tumour size, mitotic count, lymphovascular invasion and lymph node metastasis. Furthermore, tertiary lymphoid structures were significantly more frequent in tumours with an infiltrative growth and lymph node metastasis. According to our results, the inflammatory reaction present in different types of feline mammary lesions is associated with the development of more aggressive tumours.
Multicenter study investigating long‐term survival after synovial lavage of contaminated and septic synovial structures in horses presented to 10 UK referral hospitals
Authors: de Souza Therese C. , Burford John , Busschers Evita , Freeman Sarah , Suthers Joanna M.
Published: June 2024

Objective

To report the long‐term survival of adult horses that were subjected to synovial lavage for treatment of contaminated and septic synovial structures.

Study design

Multicenter, prospective observational trial.

Animals

Horses (n = 240) presented for synovial sepsis at 10 UK referral centers.

Methods

Data for horses presented for treatment of synovial sepsis were collected over a 15 month recruitment period. Owners were contacted a minimum of 365 days after surgery using a structured client interview to assess long term survival. Descriptive statistics, and univariable and Cox proportional hazards models for postoperative survival time were developed.

Results

Survival to discharge was 228/240 (95%) and overall long‐term survival was 89.4% (185/207). Unknown cause of injury (p = .017), increasing duration of surgery (p = .003), increasing weight (p = .008), forelimb injuries (p = .027), and type of synovial structure (p = .008) were found to be associated with death using Cox proportional hazards models.

Conclusion

This study provides information on risk factors associated with survival and death after treatment for synovial sepsis at referral hospitals in the UK. Survival to discharge and long‐term survival was excellent. Heavier horses, injuries affecting the forelimbs, tendon sheaths and bursae were associated with poorer long term outcomes. Longer duration of surgery was also found to be associated with a worse prognosis.

Clinical significance

These findings help to provide prognostic information for owners and veterinarians treating horses with synovial sepsis.
Modeling and Experimental Data Analysis of Oscillating Heat Pipes: A Review
Authors: Mohammadian Shahabeddin K. , H. Mohammed Ramy , Nunez Roberto , Rupam Tahmid , Spitzenberger Jeremy , Hoelle James , Ibrahim Omar T. , Feng Frank Z. , Miller Alex , Taft Brenton , Allison Jonathan , Abu-Heiba Ahmed , Mahderekal Isaac , Ma Hongbin
Published: June 2024

An oscillating heat pipe (OHP) is a special kind of heat pipe in which the working fluid experiences an oscillatory motion without the need for wick structures or external electrical power input beyond a driving temperature difference. In contrast to traditional heat pipes and thermosyphons, which rely on capillarity or gravitation, OHPs operate based on pressure difference which causes oscillating motion. This oscillation is very important since it is the main reason behind the higher heat flux acquisition capability that OHPs exhibit with respect to other types of heat pipes. However, this oscillation is nondeterministic and thus difficult to model, which hinders the ability to control and design OHPs. Since the invention of OHPs in the early 1990s, many researchers have tried to analyze and predict the oscillating motions in OHPs under different working conditions to enhance their performance and reliability to make them suitable for industrial applications. This review presents the evolution of OHP modeling, as well as mathematical approaches to the analysis of experimental data obtained from OHPs. Furthermore, the machine learning (ML) models applied on OHPs are reviewed.
Effects of Failure Criteria on Quantitatively Determining the Machining Mechanics for CFRP With Different Tool Rake Angles
Authors: Song Chunlei , Jin Xiaoliang
Published: June 2024

The machining mechanics of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) materials are influenced by the coupled effects of the workpiece anisotropy, tool edge geometry, and cutting parameters. Predicting the chip formation mechanism is crucial for optimizing cutting parameters, reducing tool wear, and improving efficiency and surface quality. This study quantitatively evaluates the effect of main CFRP failure criteria on the chip formation mechanism in modeling the machining mechanics of CFRP. The results show that the Hashin–Puck and Dávila criteria excel at capturing chip formation across all fiber orientations because of the incorporation of the “internal friction” concept, while others only achieve accurate predictions in specific fiber orientation ranges due to improper shear strength consideration. The sources of the prediction similarities, differences, and limitations of failure criteria are experimentally validated. Sensitivity analyses quantitatively determine the effect of the tool rake angle on the machining energy consumption and cutting forces across the fiber orientation range. This research can be used to select the optimal failure criteria, design proper cutting tool geometry, and inform the cutting parameter choices for CFRP machining operations.
Barred, blotched or intermediate? A photographic-based survey on the spatial distribution of Vipera aspis phenotypes from central-southern Italy
Authors: Di Nicola Matteo Riccardo , Storniolo Federico , Cerullo Anna , Faraone Francesco Paolo
Published: June 2024

Variation in animal colouration, which holds ecological and evolutionary significance, is evident in snakes, including the polytypic and highly polymorphic asp viper Vipera aspis. This species, currently acknowledged with four subspecies, features three of them (V. a. aspis, V. a. francisciredi and V. a. hugyi) within the Italian territory, each displaying distinct dorsal patterns. Analysing 143 georeferenced photos from personal surveys and citizen science, the present study explores transition areas between V. a. francisciredi and V. a. hugyi, revealing the coexistence of three dorsal pattern phenotypes (i.e. francisciredi, hugyi, and intermediate) across central-southern Italy. The outcome of the work reveals occurrences of francisciredi phenotypes considerably beyond the southern limit indicated in recent literature. Remarkably, intermediate phenotypes cover a significant portion of southern Italy, including Apulia (three records), Basilicata (six records) and Campania (three records) regions, and overlapping with both hugyi and francisciredi ranges. These findings suggest asymmetrical gene flow from northern to southern populations, resembling patterns observed in other reptiles. The intricate distribution of colour phenotypes underscores the necessity for molecular investigations to comprehend the genetic context and evolutionary history of V. aspis populations from central-southern Italy.
Synthetic control of actin polymerization and symmetry breaking in active protocells
Authors: Razavi Shiva , Wong Felix , Abubaker-Sharif Bedri , Matsubayashi Hideaki T. , Nakamura Hideki , Nguyen Nhung Thi Hong , Robinson Douglas N. , Chen Baoyu , Iglesias Pablo A. , Inoue Takanari
Published: June 2024

Nonlinear biomolecular interactions on membranes drive membrane remodeling crucial for biological processes including chemotaxis, cytokinesis, and endocytosis. The complexity of biomolecular interactions, their redundancy, and the importance of spatiotemporal context in membrane organization impede understanding of the physical principles governing membrane mechanics. Developing a minimal in vitro system that mimics molecular signaling and membrane remodeling while maintaining physiological fidelity poses a major challenge. Inspired by chemotaxis, we reconstructed chemically regulated actin polymerization inside vesicles, guiding membrane self-organization. An external, undirected chemical input induced directed actin polymerization and membrane deformation uncorrelated with upstream biochemical cues, suggesting symmetry breaking. A biophysical model incorporating actin dynamics and membrane mechanics proposes that uneven actin distributions cause nonlinear membrane deformations, consistent with experimental findings. This protocellular system illuminates the interplay between actin dynamics and membrane shape during symmetry breaking, offering insights into chemotaxis and other cell biological processes.
Conductive block copolymer elastomers and psychophysical thresholding for accurate haptic effects
Authors: Blau Rachel , Abdal Abdulhameed , Root Nicholas , Chen Alexander X. , Rafeedi Tarek , Ramji Robert , Qie Yi , Kim Taewoo , Navarro Anthony , Chin Jason , Becerra Laura L. , Edmunds Samuel J. , Russman Samantha M. , Dayeh Shadi A. , Fenning David P. , Rouw Romke , Lipomi Darren J.
Published: June 2024

Electrotactile stimulus is a form of sensory substitution in which an electrical signal is perceived as a mechanical sensation. The electrotactile effect could, in principle, recapitulate a range of tactile experience by selective activation of nerve endings. However, the method has been plagued by inconsistency, galvanic reactions, pain and desensitization, and unwanted stimulation of nontactile nerves. Here, we describe how a soft conductive block copolymer, a stretchable layout, and concentric electrodes, along with psychophysical thresholding, can circumvent these shortcomings. These purpose-designed materials, device layouts, and calibration techniques make it possible to generate accurate and reproducible sensations across a cohort of 10 human participants and to do so at ultralow currents (≥6 microamperes) without pain or desensitization. This material, form factor, and psychophysical approach could be useful for haptic devices and as a tool for activation of the peripheral nervous system.
Prolonged xenokidney graft survival in sensitized NHP recipients by expression of multiple human transgenes in a triple knockout pig
Authors: Manook Miriam , Olaso Danae , Anwar Imran , DeLaura Isabel , Yoon Janghoon , Bae Yeeun , Barbas Andrew , Shaw Brian , Moris Dimitrios , Song Mingqing , Farris Alton B. , Stiede Kathryn , Youd Michele , Knechtle Stuart , Kwun Jean
Published: June 2024

Genetic modification of porcine donors, combined with optimized immunosuppression, has been shown to improve outcomes of experimental xenotransplant. However, little is known about outcomes in sensitized recipients, a population that could potentially benefit the most from the clinical implementation of xenotransplantation. Here, five highly allosensitized rhesus macaques received a porcine kidney from
GGTA1
(α1,3-galactosyltransferase) knockout pigs expressing the human
CD55
transgene (1KO.1TG) and were maintained on an anti-CD154 monoclonal antibody (mAb)–based immunosuppressive regimen. These recipients developed de novo xenoreactive antibodies and experienced xenograft rejection with evidence of thrombotic microangiopathy and antibody-mediated rejection (AMR). In comparison, three highly allosensitized rhesus macaques receiving a kidney from
GGTA1
,
CMAH
(cytidine monophospho-
N
-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase), and
b4GNT2
/
b4GALNT2
(β-1,4-
N
-acetyl-galactosaminyltransferase 2) knockout pigs expressing seven human transgenes including human
CD46
,
CD55
,
CD47
,
THBD
(thrombomodulin),
PROCR
(protein C receptor),
TNFAIP3
(tumor necrosis factor–α–induced protein 3), and
HMOX1
(heme oxygenase 1) (3KO.7TG) experienced significantly prolonged graft survival and reduced AMR, associated with dampened post-transplant humoral responses, early monocyte and neutrophil activation, and T cell repopulation. After withdrawal of all immunosuppression, recipients who received kidneys from 3KO.7TG pigs rejected the xenografts via AMR. These data suggest that allosensitized recipients may be suitable candidates for xenografts from genetically modified porcine donors and could benefit from an optimized immunosuppression regimen designed to target the post-transplant humoral response, thereby avoiding AMR.