bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic L1-norm Tucker Tensor Decomposition
Authors: Chachlakis Dimitris G. , Dhanaraj Mayur , Prater-Bennette Ashley , Markopoulos Panos P.
Published: August 2020

Tucker decomposition is a standard method for processing multi-way (tensor) measurements and finds many applications in machine learning and data mining, among other fields. When tensor measurements arrive in a streaming fashion or are too many to jointly decompose, incremental Tucker analysis is preferred. In addition, dynamic basis adaptation is desired when the nominal data subspaces change. At the same time, it has been documented that outliers in the data can significantly compromise the performance of existing methods for dynamic Tucker analysis. In this work, we present Dynamic L1-Tucker: an algorithm for dynamic and outlier-resistant Tucker analysis of tensor data. Our experimental studies on both real and synthetic datasets corroborate that the proposed method (i) attains high basis estimation performance, (ii) identifies/rejects outliers, and (iii) adapts to nominal subspace changes.
Hubungan Lama Menderita Ulkus Diabetik Dengan Kualitas Hidup Pada Penderita Ulkus Diabetikum
Authors: Manungkalit Maria
Published: August 2020

Chronic complications associated with the presence of neuropathy and / or peripheral disease in people with DMT2 are diabetic ulcers that cause tissue damage. Duration of the ulcer in the treatment anda treatment requires a lot of time. The impact of diabetic ulcers can affect the quality of life for sufferers. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between ulcers duration and Quality of Life (QOL) in DMT2 with patients with diabetic ulcers. This cross-sectional study engaged 40 patients from a particular wound care clinic in Surabaya which were registered as outpatients in April-June 2018. Total sampling was applied to get 40 sample size. The independent variable is ulcer duration, and the dependent variable was QOL. WHOQOL-BREF was used in data collection. Data analysis used Spearman’s Rho correlation test (α<0.05). The majority had diabetic ulcers for 1-<8 months, and most respondents had moderate QOL. There was no significant correlation between ulcers duration and QOL in DMT2  patients with diabetic ulcers (p = 0.496). The insignificant correlation between variables found in this study was potentially occured due to the less varied data of ulcers duration which was 1-<8 months in the majority compared to better varied data of QOL in the same time frame.

Keywords: ulcers duration, quality of life diabetic ulcers, dibetes mellitus type 2.
Stem Cell Cure for Kidney Injury: Therapy to Solve Most Complex Issues in Renal System
Authors: K R Kumar Prithiv
Published: August 2020

Renal failure is a major health problem. The mortality rate remain high despite of several therapies. The most complex of the renal issues are solved through stem cells. In this review, different mechanism for cure of chronic kidney injury along with cell engraftment incorporated into renal structures will be analysed. Paracrine activities of embryonic or induced Pluripotent stem cells are explored on the basis of stem cell-induced kidney regeneration. Several experiments have been conducted to advance stem cells to ensure the restoration of renal functions. More vigour and organised protocols for delivering stem cells is a possibility for advancement in treatment of renal disease. Also there is a need for pressing therapies to replicate the tissue remodelling and cellular repair processes suitable for renal organs. Stem cells are the undifferentiated cells that have the ability to multiply into several cell types. In vivo experiments on animal’s stem cells have shown significant improvements in the renal regeneration and functions of organs. Nevertheless more studies show several improvements in the kidney repair due to stem cell regeneration.
A Qualitative Study of the Perception of the People of Akyem Abuakwa Traditional Area on the Usefulness of the Chieftaincy Institution in Ghana
Authors: Yeyie Patrick  , Ethel Gyimah  , Issaka Jacob
Published: August 2020

This paper seeks to create awareness on the perception of the people of Akyem Abuakwa about the usefulness of chieftaincy Institution in Ghana today. In pre-colonial Ghana, the chieftaincy institution was the main system of governance and adjudication of justice. It is the oldest form of government in Ghana. The institution equally in present times is ripped with a number of violent conflicts. With this development, some people are of the opinion that the institution has outlived its usefulness in contemporary Ghanaian society. There is the argument on the issue of chieftaincy institution and its usefulness in the Ghanaian society. Probing the situation, 200 indigenes from the Akyem Abuakwa state in the Eastern Region of Ghana were selected through quota and purposive sampling techniques in a cross-sectional study. The article found that few people in the traditional area believed that the institution is a potential source of conflict and violence while the majority of the people believed the institution is a blessing to the society because it brings about peace, stability and development in Ghana.
Relationship between Teachers’ Attitudes and Utilization of Instructional Materials in Pre-Primary Schools in Kenya
Authors: Waigera Joseph K , Mweru Maureen , Ngige Lucy
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this research was to establish whether there was a significant relationship between teachers’ attitudes and levels of utilization of instructional materials (IM) in Pre-Primary Schools in Kenya. The study adopted the Ecological Systems Theory by Urie Bronfenbrenner. The study used a cross-sectional survey research design and data were collected through self-administered questionnaires. A sample of 164 teachers comprising of 76.2% females and 23.8% males participated in the study. Results established that 86.4% of the teachers had positive attitudes towards the instructional practice. In terms of utilization of instructional materials, the researchers determined that 62.1% of the respondents achieved high levels while 37.9% attained low levels of utilization of instructional materials across the Early Childhood Development Education (ECDE) activity areas. The Chi-Square results revealed that there was a statistically significant relationship between teachers’ attitudes and utilization of instructional materials (χ2 = 4.094; d.f.= 2; p = 0.043). Further analysis using the regression test revealed that there was a statistically significant relationship between teachers’ positive attitudes and levels of utilization of instructional materials (β =0.516; p = 0.001). These findings established that teachers who had positive attitudes attained higher levels of utilization of instructional materials in their classrooms compared to their counterparts who had negative attitudes. Therefore, it was concluded that teachers’ attitudes were a significant factor in promoting the utilization of instructional materials in ECDE activities. This implies that a positive attitude is an important attribute of a pre-primary school teacher. Therefore, there is a need to inculcate positive attitudes towards the utilization of instructional materials among teachers during pre-service and in-service training sessions to promote the best practices in instruction at the pre-primary school level.
Posterior retroperitoneal endoscopic adrenalectomy: benefits, disadvantages, indications, tips and tricks.
Authors: Villar del Moral J , Fernández Segovia E , Ercoreca Tejada S , García Jiménez A , Herrero Torres MÁ , Santoyo Villalba J , González Martínez S , Arcelus Martínez JI , Muñoz Pérez N
Published: August 2020

En esta revisión se analizan las potenciales ventajas e inconvenientes de la vía retroperitoneal posterior para el tratamiento quirúrgico de las lesiones suprarrenales. Entre las primeras, la reducción del tiempo operatorio, el facilitar la adrenalectomía parcial, evitar campos con adherencias o irradiación previa, facilitar la hemostasia, mejorar el confort postoperatorio del paciente y reducir la incidencia de eventraciones. Entre los segundos, trabajar en un limitado espacio, una falta de referencias anatómicas claras, no poder tratar patologías abdominales concomitantes, tener una aplicabilidad muy dependiente de la configuración antropométrica del paciente y limitada por la obesidad. Por otro lado, su utilidad está puesta en duda ante determinadas patologías renales y como tratamiento de lesiones malignas. También se valorarán las contraindicaciones relativas de este abordaje, y se revisarán los detalles técnicos a tener en cuenta en relación al posicionamiento del paciente y los puertos, la disección del espacio retroperitoneal

La vía retroperitoneal posterior es un abordaje seguro, reproducible, rápido y eficaz para tratar las lesiones de la glándula suprarrenal. Correctamente indicada, permite unos resultados al menos tan buenos como los obtenidos con la vía laparoscópica transperitoneal lateral. Por ello, debería de formar parte del armamentario de las Unidades de Cirugía Endocrina que traten pacientes con enfermedades de la glándula suprarrenal.
Surgical indications in benign thyroid disease
Authors: Ocaña Wilhelmi LT , Glückmann Maldonado E , Villuendas Morales F , Fernández Serrano JL , Soler Humanes R
Published: August 2020

Los nódulos tiroideos son un problema frecuente, y deben ser estudiados, sobre todo por la posibilidad de que puedan ser malignos. Tras una historia clínica dirigida a este hallazgo y una exploración cervical, solicitaremos un estudio de tirotropina en suero, una ecografía, y una PAAF si el nódulo en cuestión tiene indicación para ello. Y hecho el diagnóstico, plantearemos su tratamiento. La indicación quirúrgica en patología tiroidea benigna tiende cada vez más a ser uniforme en los distintos grupos, basándose en las guías de práctica clínica y la mejor evidencia disponible. Los aspectos que marcarán estas indicaciones serán los hallazgos radiológicos, la citología, la función tiroidea, la sintomatología, la presentación clínica, los antecedentes familiares y las preferencias personales.

Ya en muchos centros se realiza en "consultas de acto único" el estudio de los nódulos tiroideos, como es el caso de nuestro hospital. Las ventajas de este modelo son la disminución en el retraso diagnóstico y la optimización de los recursos disponibles, proporcionando así resultados clínicos satisfactorios. Así se planteará la indicación quirúrgica según el diagnóstico determinado (nódulo tiroideo, bocio multinodular, bocio intratorácico, hipertiroidismo y quiste tirogloso) y según cada caso particular. Y todo dentro del trabajo definido por el equipo multidisciplinar de cada centro, de manera que es excepcional el rechazo a una indicación quirúrgica sugerida por el especialista en Endocrinología, auténtica puerta de entrada en nuestro medio de la patología tiroidea. Si hubiera controversia, es la reunión del comité el foro para solventarla.
التمكين الإداري في ملاعب كرة القدم الدولية في العراق
Authors: Abdu Al Hessani Usama Medlol , Alrawi Alaa Abdulla
Published: August 2020

هدفت الدراسة الى اعداد مقياس التمكين الإداري (Administrative Empowerment) في ملاعب كرة القدم الدولية في العراق والتعرف على مستوى التمكين فيها، واختار الباحث المنهج الوصفي بالأسلوب المسحي كونه ملائم لطبيعة البحث، تكون مجتمع البحث من العاملون بالملاعب الدولية  في العراق والبالغ عددها(8) ملاعب اذ بلغ المجتمع الكلي(264) عاملاً، اما عينة البحث فكانت (150) فرداً وبعد تطبيق المقياس على عينة البحث واستعمال الوسائل الأحصائية  SPSSظهرت النتائج ان هناك مستوى مرتفع للتمكين الإداري، وقد أوصى الباحث بالعمل على تطوير دور التمكين الإداري واعداد الخطط اللازمة لنمو القدرات التي تؤدي الى فاعلية دور التمكين الإداري في الملاعب الدولية لكرة القدم في العراق.
تأثير استخدام عنصر (الحديد) في مستوى هيموغلوبين الدم و القدرات البدنية لدى لاعبي كرة القدم
Authors: Hussein Mohammed Lateef , Fathi Rafee Salih
Published: August 2020

هدفت الدراسة الى معرفة اثر استخدام عنصر الحديد في مستوى هيموغلوبين الدم والقدرات البدنية لدى لاعبي منتخب تربية الكرخ الاولى، فيما افترض الباحثان بأن هناك فروق ذات دلالة معنوية بين الاختبارين القبلي والبعدي في بعض المؤشرات البايوكيميائية والبدنية لدى لاعبي كرة القدم، ولصالح الاختبار البعدي، اذ تم تطبيق الدراسة على عينة مكونه من (16) لاعب يمثلون منتخب تربية بغداد الكرخ الاولى، وكان الوسط الحسابي لأعمارهم (16.3)(±0.968) سنة، لأطوالهم  (174.8)(±5.497) سم، ولأوزانهم (67.8)(±5.069)، واستخدم الباحثان تمرينات نوعية بتصميم المجموعة الواحدة، وتم اعطاء جرع محددة من عنصر الحديد قيد الدراسة، اذ تم تطبيق التمرينات النوعية على مدار (8) أسابيع وبواقع (24) وحدة تدريبية، موزعة على (3) وحدات في الأسبوع، اذ كانت هذه التمرينات ضمن القسم الرئيسي للوحدة التدريبي ضمن فترة الاعداد الخاص، وبعد استعمال الباحثان الوسائل الإحصائية، خرج الباحثان بظهور تحسن في مستوى هيموغلوبين الدم والقدرات البدنية لدى لاعبي كرة القدم.
تأثير استخدام ادوات مساعدة في تطوير القوة العضلية لعضلات الكتف لدى لاعبي الفنون القتالية للشباب
Authors: Kadim Wissam Qasim , Mohammed Wafa Sabah
Published: August 2020

تجلت اهمية البحث من خلال في إعداد ادوات مساعدة و تمارين تأهيلية يحمل في طياتها إمكانية تطوير عمل الأربطة والأوتار العاملة على مفصل الكتف مما ينعكس على تطور القوة  الحركية في مفصل الكتف لدى لاعبي الفنون القتالية للشباب المصابين بالتمزق الجزئي لأوتار الكتف المدورة باستخدام ادوات مساعدة  ومشكلة البحث هناك كثرة التعرض لإصابات مفصل الكتف ولاسيما (تمزق الكفة المدورة) لما تتطلبه هذه الفنون من الاحتكاك المباشر، فضلاً عن اعتماد الكثير من الوسائل المساعدة في العلاج الطبيعي باستخدام الأجهزة، أو قلة اعتمادها على التمرينات التأهيلية باستخدام وسائل مساعدة أساسية وقد استخدم الباحث المنهج التجريبي على عينة مكونة من (7) لاعبين وقد تم استخدام قياس المدى الحركي لـ(7) حركات لمفصل الكتف  وقام بأجراء تمارين تأهيلية خاصة على الجهاز المقترح لمدة (8) أسبوع بواقع (3) وحدات تأهيلية أسبوعيا وجمع النتائج توصل الباحث إلى الاستنتاجات الآتية: ان اعتماد التمرينات الخاصة باستخدام ادوات مساعدة تعمل على تطوير في القوة العضلية  للكتف المدور لدى لاعبي الفنون القتالية.
تأثير تمرينات المهارات الخططية في الحيازة والنقاط الكلية المسجلة لفرق الشباب بكرة السلة دون 18 سنة
Authors: Shaker Hashem Jaber , Jasem Salwan Saleh
Published: August 2020

تعد لعبة كرة السلة من الألعاب الفرقية التي لها شعبية كبيرة بين جمهورنا الرياضي، وتعتمد بشكل كبير على تسجيل النقاط لان النتيجة النهائية الغلبة تكون لصاحب الفريق الأكثر تسجيلا للنقاط لذا تحولت أهمية الكثير من  المدربين إيجاد طرق جديدة في التدريب للوصول الى نتائج أفضل من خلال تمرينات جديدة ومتنوعة يكسب من خلالها اللاعبين تطور في الأداء المهاري الهجومي والدفاعي وبما ان لعبة كرة السلة لعبة هجومية وفي الوقت نفسه يصبح الفريق المهاجم مدافعا عند خسارته للكرة، هنا عمل الباحث على تمرينات المهارات الخططية الهجومية واراد معرفة مدى تطور الحيازة و النقاط الكلية المسجلة من خلال هذه التمرينات فهل سوف يكون هناك تأثير تطور او عدم وجود ذلك ،استخدم الباحث المنهج التجريبي  بأخذ عينت البحث والمتمثلة بنادي الخطوط الرياضي لفئة الشباب تحت سن (18) وعددهم (20) لاعب، حيث قام الباحث بتقسيم العينة الى مجموعتين مجموعة تجريبية ومجموعة ضابطة وقام بأجراء مباريات لكي يقوم بالتكافؤ بين هاتين المجموعتين ومن ثم قام بأجراء اختبارات والمتمثلة بخمس مباريات قبليه وخمسة أخرى بعديه رسمية وبوجود ملعب كرة سلة في قاعة رسمية وبوجود حكام رسمين يديرون المباريات وقام بتسجيل كل تلك المباريات فيدويا ومن خلال استمارة تسجيل اعدها بنفسة لكي يدخل فيها كل المعلومات المراد الحصول عليها وباستخدام الحقيبة  الإحصائية(SPSS) تم استخراج البيانات المراد الوصول اليها ،ثم توصله الى انه هناك تطور إيجابي في الحيازة والنقاط الكلية المسجلة وذلك بعد عرض النتائج ومناقشتها من خلال جداول بيانية توضح هذا التطوير الناتج.
ON THE MODERN REGULATIONS OF AN OPEN SEA FISHING
Authors: Bekyashev Kamil , Bekyashev Damir
Published: August 2020

In the article, modern international regulations of an open sea fishing

are given. The propositions of global and Russian agreements, regulating

fisheries under such conditions are analyzed. A special attention is

paid to foreign law including EU. Some recommendations on Russian

regulations improving regarding open sea fishing are formulated .
RECORDING IN FIELD LOG AS A DEMAND FOR LIVING RESOURCES PRESERVATION
Authors: Zagriychuk Vasil , Butkov Konstantin
Published: August 2020

The hot topics of Federal state control implementation applied to fishing

are considered. Such control is aimed to fishing activity recording when

using active fishing equipment, such as seine. The shortcomings of existing

form of field log and fishing equipment classification; propositions for

their improvement are given.
STUDY OF BIOLOGY AND NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF ULVA RIGIDA C. AG. AS A PROMISING TARGET SPECIES FOR MARINE AQUACULTURE
Authors: Bityutskaya Olga , Bulli Lyubov , Donchenko Liudmila
Published: August 2020

The haplodiplobion life cycle with sporic meiosis and isomorphic alternation

of generations, the ability for vegetative reproduction, the rapid growth of

thallus, a large amount of produced cells, and high specific production make

Ulva rigida C. Ag. attractive for marine aquaculture. The paper is devoted to

study biological features of Ulva growth and nutritional value under artificial

conditions. It is shown how environmental factors affect the germination and

formation of new plants. Preliminary data on nutritional value allow us to

consider Ulva to low-calorie foods with a rich carbohydrate component. The

mineral composition and a high concentration of iodine indicate the feasible

usage of Ulva as a functional food ingredient.
Implementation of Continuous Review System Method, Periodic Review System Method and Min-Max Method for Cheese Powder Inventory (Case Study: PT. Mayora Indah TBK)
Authors: Kholil Muhammad , Almahdy Indra , Fortinina Annisa , Suparno Adizty
Published: August 2020

PT. Sejahtera Mitra Lestari is a company engaged in manufacturing industrial chemicals specifically for the rubber industry. The irregular placement of finished products in the storage can cause errors in the delivery of goods due to good management for delivering goods with a relatively fast time. The effort to overcome this problem is through designing of warehouse layout with the Class-Based Storage method. Grouping based on popularity. Stages of research carried out by calculating the warehouse, the frequency of displacement, the number of storage places, the displacement distance. Improvements begin by sorting material based on frequency and variations of three classes, namely A, B, C. To design the layout, information is needed when making a new storage layout. The results showed that the layout of the optimal results could reduce the displacement distance by 17.19% in 6 months and allow space to be 73.91%.
A Crane Robot of Three Axes Dimensional Using Trajectory Planning Method
Authors: Pangaribowo Triyanto , Ibnu Hajar Muhammad Hafizd , Andika Julpri , Juliyanto Adi
Published: August 2020

This study aims to design a crane robot that has good performance with good stability, good accuracy in the gripper clamping the object at the point of balance and reach the target location well. The crane controller is installed with US-100 ping sensor and proximity infrared sensor to detect position of object. The robot crane moves on the x , y and z axes or in three  dimensions using motors as actuator and  it can be adjusted with motor drive. The crane moves on the x and y axes using  DC motor and z axis using servo motor. The crane automatically moves when it detects an object. The crane's movement uses the trajectory determination method by maintaining speed. Finally, the average accuracy of the gripper clamping exactly at the midpoint of the object is 93%. The length of the object when it is clamped has an accuracy of 95%. The performance of the crane robot is evaluated to transfer an object to the destination location takes 11 seconds with a track length of 86.055 cm
Adolf Behne e a construção do Movimento Moderno – Parte 2
Authors: Imbronito Maria Isabel , Mari Barreto Marcos
Published: August 2020

O livro A Construção Funcional Moderna, escrito por Adolf Behne em 1923, contém discussões fundamentais para a compreensão e condução da Arquitetura Moderna na década de 20. No livro, o autor identifica algumas correntes de pensamento em curso e as explora em três momentos, determinando os três capítulos de seu livro. No segundo deles, objeto deste texto e tradução, o autor discute os princípios da arquitetura alemã de viés expressionista, cujo desenho específico espelha o estudo detalhado da função. Se a cada necessidade interna resulta uma configuração particular, também se sobrepõem princípios formais oriundos de analogias orgânicas e dinâmicas que estão impregnados no pensamento da época. O autor situa o ponto alto desta vertente na obra de Erich Mendelsohn, e aponta os aspectos negativos da radicalização desta abordagem: ao atender prioritariamente a demandas internas à obra arquitetônica, criam-se edifícios únicos que comprometem a totalidade do conjunto urbano.
A Survey and Analysis of Multi-Label Learning Techniques for Data Streams
Authors: Yallini S.K.Komagal , Mukunthan Dr. B.
Published: August 2020

Multi-Label Learning (MLL) solves the challenge of characterizing every sample via a particular feature which relates to the group of labels at once. That is, a sample has manifold views where every view is symbolized through a Class Label (CL). In the past decades, significant number of researches has been prepared towards this promising machine learning concept. Such researches on MLL have been motivated on a pre-determined group of CLs. In most of the appliances, the configuration is dynamic and novel views might appear in a Data Stream (DS). In this scenario, a MLL technique should able to identify and categorize the features with evolving fresh labels for maintaining a better predictive performance. For this purpose, several MLL techniques were introduced in the earlier decades. This article aims to present a survey on this field with consequence on conventional MLL techniques. Initially, various MLL techniques proposed by many researchers are studied. Then, a comparative analysis is carried out in terms of merits and demerits of those techniques to conclude the survey and recommend the future enhancements on MLL techniques.
The Physics of the Ideal Continuum
Authors: Furtula Vedran
Published: August 2020

In this paper from the domain of theoretical physics, there have been stated and briefly described the basic principles and laws that apply to the new scientific discipline of physics, which we call the Physics of the Ideal Continuum. In addition to the definition of the ideal continuum, it also defines and describes other phenomena such as the origin of matter, the origin of space-time, the origin and role of black holes and other phenomena in the universe. Special attention has been focused on the energy balance in the universe, as well as on the universal physical constant and its role in the development of the mathematical and physical models of the universe. Through the presentation of the differences between the physics of the ideal continuum, the quantum physics and classical physics, an additional stride has been made in understanding the most important laws and their applicability in these scientific disciplines, as well as their inter-connectedness. Other terms that have been given a significant role in this paper include equilibrium and gravitationalsheds (gravitational divisions).
Study and Optimisation of Supply Duct Bend and Diffuser in HVAC System for a Classroom
Authors: Agarwal Shivam , Gera Danishq
Published: August 2020

This paper presents numerical predictions and results of air flow and pressure distribution in common possible iterations of duct and diffuser having: 1. square, rectangle and circular duct shape, 2. square duct with side 12in, 15in and 18in and 3. bend radius to width ratio of 0, 0.5, 1 and 2. The system is designed to develop an optimal system to reduce the noise levels in a classroom which are far above the recommended value of 35dB by WHO in an engineering institution designed according to the Common Public Works Department(CPWD) norms while also bridging the gap between the industry and the consumer. The iterations were designed on fusion 360 and tetrahedron meshing was done in ANSYS after defining the boundaries of geometry of CAD design. The inlet velocities varied as per the different diffuser size, shape and angles. The inlet velocity lies in the range of 1.5m/s to 3m/s. After setting up the solver and choosing k-omega SST model for solving, calculation was performed for 3000 iterations using hybrid initialization to reduce the residuals as much as possible for the results to converge for accurate results. Material properties of aluminum and properties of the fluid were set. Among different groups, results based on different shapes showed that circular duct displayed gradual pressure and velocity drop at the lower bend of the wall than in the case of rectangle or square. While, in case of duct with different sizes, as size of duct increased, frictional losses increased, while pressure drop, noise levels and eddy current formation significantly reduced. In case of different bend radius to width ratio(r/W), as r/W increased, eddy formation and boundary layer separation, pressure drop, turbulence and noise levels decreased. Therefore, the study showed that a circular duct, with a diameter of 15in having r/W ratio of 2 would significantly reduce the sound levels and be the optimum solution for the classroom and adding 2-3 vanes would further improve the performance of the system and maximize the required effort.
De-Noising of Uterus Fibroid Ultrasound Image Using Gaussismooth Convolution Filter (GSCF)
Authors: Devi Dr. M. Renuka , Sindhu V.
Published: August 2020

This paper discusses the methods to detect the presence of uterus fibroid in woman by implementing various image processing techniques. The input image is an ultrasound image as it is cost effective when compared to other imaging techniques like CT, MRI. The initial step in image processing is to remove noise by applying filters. Application of filters smoothen the image without blurring the image. Gradient of the processed image is calculated and the image is enhanced by sharpening the edges of the image are achieved by calculating the local maxima of the gradient. Then, the edges are decided by calculating the threshold value of the processed image. The proposed Gaussismooth Convolution Filter gives better results when compared with other existing filter with PSNR value of 94%.
Assessment of the Refuse Collection Charges in Covering Waste Management Cost: The Case of ILALA Municipality -Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: M. Omar TP. Dr. Hussein
Published: August 2020

The world urban population is expected to increase by 72 per cent by 2050, to reach nearly 6 billion in 2050 from 3 billion in 2011 (UN, 2012, Hussein 2019). By mid-century the world urban population will likely be the same size as the world’s total population was in 2002 (UN, 2011, and Hussein, 2018). Although the global average in 2014 reached 54 per cent, the percentages are already around 80% in the Americas, and over 70% in Europe and Oceania, but only 48% in Asia and 40% in Africa (UN, 2014, Hussein, 2019).
Hybridized Design For Feature Optimization and Reduction of Intrusion Detection Systems Alert in a Correlation Framework
Authors: Osuo-Genseleke Macarthy , Nathaniel Ojekudo
Published: August 2020

The Intrusion Detection System (IDS) produces a large number of alerts. Many large organizations deploy numerous IDSs in their network, generating an even larger quantity of these alerts, where some are real or true alerts and several others are false positives. These alerts cause very severe complications for IDS and create difficulty for the security administrators to ascertain effective attacks and to carry out curative measures. The categorization of such alerts established on their level of attack is necessary to ascertain the most severe alerts and to minimize the time required for response. An improved hybridized model was developed to assess and reduce IDS alerts using the combination of the Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) Algorithm in a correlation framework. The model is subsequently referred to as GA-SVM Alert Correlation (GASAC) model in this study. Our model was established employing the object-oriented analysis and design software methodology and implemented with Java programming language. This study will be benefitted by cooperating with networked organizations since only real alerts will be generated in a way that security procedures can be quickly implemented to protect the system from both interior and exterior attacks
Collecter ou normaliser la technique ?
Authors: Baudry Jérôme
Published: August 2020

Le Conservatoire des arts et métiers est fondé en 1794, trois ans après la loi qui crée les brevets d’invention. Cet article retrace les liens entre la nouvelle institution et les brevets, en insistant sur l’entreprise de publication des brevets expirés dans la Description des machines et procédés. Entre 1794 et la fin de la Restauration, à travers l’évolution de cette publication, ce sont deux projets politiques et intellectuels pour la technique qui se font jour : à l’ambition de constituer un dépôt universel de la technique, succède celle de normaliser la technique par la formation d’un langage technique homogène.
Finite Element Analysis for the Behavior of Reinforced Concrete T-Section Deep Beams Strengthened with CFRP Sheets
Authors: Ali Yasar Ameer , Hashim Tameem Mohammed , Ali Alaa Hussein
Published: August 2020

This paper presents a numerical investigation for the behavior of simply supported T-section deep beams, which strengthened with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) sheets. The used specimens were (1.8 m length), (450 mm width and 100 mm depth) flange dimensions, and (180 mm width and 360 mm depth) web dimensions. The specimens were divided into four groups. Mainly, the difference between specimens in each group is in the main reinforcement details. The control group consisted of six beams unstrengthen with CFRP, the other groups were similar to the control group but externally strengthened with CFRP sheets, which were (0.131 mm) thickness. In detail, the second group was strengthened with CFRP sheet at the bottom surface of the web. The third group was strengthened horizontally with CFRP sheets at both sides of the specimen's web. The last group was strengthened with three sheets of CFRP; one at the bottom face of the web and the others at the web sides. The results show that using CFRP at the bottom slightly increased the ultimate strength and changed the failure mode from flexural to shear. Using CFRP at the sides significantly increased both flexural and shear strength, while using CFRP at the sides and bottom of the web did not significantly enhanced the ultimate strength in comparison with using CFRP at the sides only.
A Field Study on Bearing Capacity of Al-Najaf Sandy Gypseous Soil
Authors: Fakhraldin Mohammed Kadum
Published: August 2020

Gypseous considered as problematic soils also gypseous soils are distributed all over the world, as well as in large areas of Iraq, including Al- Najaf city. Gypseous soils are characterized by high strength in dry conditions, but they collapse due to water infiltration process under constant head conditions. In this research, a field study investigates gypseous soils and the effect of soaked state on the bearing capacity and settlement of the gypseous soils are investigated. A site with a high percentage of gypsum (about 25%) was selected to perform plate load tests. The test was carried out in a natural and soaked state on the gypseous soils by plate load test with time-dependent. The results show the ultimate bearing capacity of gypseous soil from plate load test are decrease under the soaking condition and maximum settlement increase. The angle of internal friction (ø) of gypseous soil we obtained from the direct shear test is 47.620 for natural soil. The ultimate bearing capacity of gypseous soil was calculated from the Terzaqhi’s equation and the high difference between field tests and theoretical results.
Effect of Wetting-Drying Cycles on Desiccation Crack Pattern and Soil Behavior
Authors: Al-Jeznawi Duaa , Sanchez Marcelo , Al-Taie Abbas J.
Published: August 2020

Cracking, shrinkage, and curling of soils, in general, take place due to drying. These deformations lead to many problems include the development of main paths for water flow and pollutant transport, reduction of soil strength (and impact on other mechanical properties of soils), erosion in slopes, landslides, increase infiltration capacity of the soil and the differential settlement problems. Few studies have investigated the effect of wetting-drying (W-D) cycles on desiccation cracks of soils. The effect of multiple wetting-drying cycles in the cracking behavior was investigated in this research by performing several wetting-drying (W-D) cycles on the initially saturated samples (of pure kaolinite and a mixture of kaolinite with bentonite) under the lab atmosphere (24 ± 1 °C, and 52 ± 2% of RH). The weight of each sample was monitored using a computerized scale (with an accuracy of 0.01 g) connected to the computer. During the test, the water evaporation path with the development of surface cracks and volume shrinkage was monitored by means of digital images. It was observed that the crack patterns changed during the initial cycles, but there was an equilibrium state in the third and fourth W-D cycles. Additionally, it was observed that the main cracks formed in the first dry path were virtually closed after 10 minutes of the second wetting path; in the meantime, small cracks (fissures) were initiated after this wetting process. It was, also, detected that soils with high plasticity required more W-D cycles to reach the equilibrium condition than soils with low plasticity. The results of these experiments are useful for understanding the effect of different seasons on soil behavior.
Tests of Soils on Triaxial Device
Authors: Zhussupbekov Askar , Tulebekova Asel , Zhumadilov Ilyas , Zhankina Aizhan
Published: August 2020

The paper briefly describes the methods for testing soils by triaxial compression. Among the many mechanical characteristics of the soil, deformation and strength properties remain as the main and widely used ones, the determination of which is an important experimental task. In recent years, new test schemes, more advanced designs of instruments and equipment for the study of various soils have been proposed. Like any material, the soil has limited strength, and under certain external influences the soil massifs collapse, as a result of which their individual parts get unlimitedly large displacements. Triaxial soil compression is becoming more widespread in the production of engineering and geological studies to justify the construction projects of various engineering structures. Based on the results of this work, recommendations for the practical application of the obtained soil characteristics for the geotechnical geoinformational database of the city of Nur-Sultan are made.
Measurement and Calibration of the Parameters of Hypoplasticity Model for an Iraqi Soil
Authors: Subair Aysar Hassan , Aljorany Ala Nasir
Published: August 2020

There are many constitutive models that have been used to model the mechanical behavior of soils. Some of these models are either unable to represent important features such as the strain softening of dense sand or required many parameters that can be hard to obtain by standard laboratory tests. Because of that, a more reliable constitutive model, which is capable to capture the main features of the soil behavior with easily obtained parameters, is required. The Hypoplasticity model is considered as a promising constitutive model in this respect. It is considered as a particular class of rate non-linear constitutive model at which the stress increment is expressed in a tensorial equation as a function of strain increment, actual stress, and void ratio. The hypoplastic model required only eight material parameters (critical friction angle critical, maximum and minimum void ratio respectively), granular stiffness hs and the model constants n, α, β). The appealing feature of the hypoplastic model is that the material parameters are separated from the state variables (void ratio and the initial stresses). This feature enables the model to simulate the soil behavior under a wide range of stresses and densities with the same set of material parameters. In this research, a brief description of the Hypoplasticity model is presented. Detailed discussions regarding the measurement and calibration of the model parameters of an Iraqi soil are then exposed. It is concluded that only Consolidated Drained (CD) triaxial test, oedometer test, and the well-known limit density tests are needed to get all the parameters of the hypoplasticity model.
Using some of Microsoft Office Excel Functions to Compute Soil Engineering Parameters Based on Raw Results of Laboratory Tests
Authors: Yasun Azhar Sadiq , Daud Sultan A.
Published: August 2020

The main aim of this research can be represented as a trail to computerize the most soil engineering properties to compute them automatically using many simple Microsoft Excel functions based on raw soil test experimental data. This work will be shortening the time and effort of the geotechnical engineers calculating different soil parameters with acceptable accurate values. Nine different Microsoft Excel formulas, some of the techniques by certain Excel expressions and normal designed algebraic equations were used to present the final spreadsheet. The main computed soil parameters were (ω, LL, PL, PI, ρd,max, ωopt, k) soil classification AASHTO, (qu and cu) for unconfined compression test, (ø and c') for the direct shear test finally (Cc and Cs) for consolidation tests. To get a better understanding on how most of the programmed tools and to Microsoft Excel sheets work, the user should have knowledge about basic concepts of the certain soil parameter test and experimental steps and also the guidelines of the theory that depends to compute the parameter. Also, the user should have enough background about engineering soil properties laboratory experiments computation.
Collapsibility and Shear Strength of Gypseous Soil Improved by Nano Silica Fume (NSF)
Authors: Al-Murshedi Alaa D. , Karkush Mahdi O. , Karim Hussein H.
Published: August 2020

The problematic soils have complex and irregular behavior such as gypseous soils, which concentrated mainly in the dry and semi-dry regions in the world. In Iraq, the gypseous soils cover about 30 to 35% of its total area in the west desert and extended to the southern parts of Iraq. The gypseous soils experience sudden collapse upon wetting. The present paper focuses on studying the effects of nano silica fume (NSF) on the collapsibility and shear strength of gypseous soil before and after soaking. Also, this study, the influence of NSF on the chemical and physical characteristics of gypseous soil have been investigated. A gypseous soil sample obtained from Al-Najaf Sea has gypsum content of 42%. The gypseous soil samples are mixed with three percentages of nano silica fume (1, 2, and 4) % calculated as ratio of the dry mass of soil to measure their influence on the geotechnical characteristics of soil samples. The collapse potential of gypseous soil is reduced with increasing the content of nano silica fume. Also, increasing the content of NSF and curing time resulted in increasing the shear strength of soil samples.
Controlling the Permeability of Sandy Soil Using Different Local Waste Materials
Authors: Raheem Aram Mohammed
Published: August 2020

Advanced developed technologies associated with people demands have caused production and expansion of different local wastes where the process of managing such waste becomes a real need for controlling the pollution risk. One of the procedures for recycling can be made through using local wastes in permeability control for sandy soil since the soil permeability plays a crucial function on the water drainage, pore water pressure buildup and dissipation, and ground movement for saturated sand during and after earthquake occurrences. In addition, any economical mixture should maintain hydraulic constraints for practice use. In this study, a laboratory experiment was prepared to perform tests for estimating the water movements and permeability in a pure sand column and treated sandy soil with different locally waste materials including plastic, glass, rubber, and aluminum. In addition, a numerical investigation including finite element method has been adopted to verify the experimental procedure. It was shown that the permeability could be controlled to different rates using these local wastes.
Effect of Saline Soils on Durability of Road between Alsamawa and Sawa Lake
Authors: Abdulnabi Taha Yaseen , Salman Nidhal Hadi , Kasim Ban
Published: August 2020

Road specialists in the world often suffer the huge challenge in designing a stable road on very soft saline soils, these soils in arid zones have a low bearing capacity with high compressibility and very sensitive to moisture and synchronized with complete collapse. The case study concerned by the deterioration of main road linking between ‎Alsamawa town and Sawa lake approximately 20 km away from Alsamawa town. There are sections of roads affected by converges of nearby local artificial ‎lakes , water drawn from several good drain down to (80) meters depths and causing the deterioration in the road sections , swell-collapse test results represented by a little swell potential values were appeared for zero applied stress, while aggressive collapse were happened with increasing in applied stress, and the increasing in degree of collapsibility corresponding to increasing of applied stress of (50,100,200) KPa, and sodium chloride (NaCl%) in soil layers range between (0.613-16.468) % and slightly to moderately gypseous soils, the case study included several recommendations to treating the deteriorated significantly of road to protect the sub-grade and subbase layer .
Influence of Initial Anisotropy, Stress Path and Principal Stress Rotation on Monotonic Behavior of Clean and Mixed Sands
Authors: Fakharian Kazem , Hamedani Farzad Kaviani
Published: August 2020

It is widely accepted that soil behavior is complicated taking into account soil anisotropy owing to the fact that this phenomenon arises from oriented soil fabric or structure forged in the deposition stage. In this study, a review of major findings of authors’ previous studies are presented with the main focus on soil anisotropy using extensive experimental results incuding Triaxial (TXT), Simple Shear (SSA), and Hollow Cylinder (HCA) apparatus. Effects of initial anisotropy, fabric evolution, stress path, principal stress rotation and intermediate stress state are evaluated for a crushed silica sand. In addition, the effects of Portland cement content and granulated rubber contents on anisotropic behavior of the sand are investigated. Bender elments are mounted on triaxial specimens both in vertical and horizontal directions to measure the shear wave velocity and hence maximum shear modulus at the end of consolidation as well as during shearing up to large strains at critical state condition, as an index of evaluating the fabric evolution. The effects of principal stress rotation and stress paths reveals the crucial role of soil anisotropy on the behavior of clean sand. However, adding either cement or granulated rubber to the sand has considerably decreased anisotropy.
Hearing at threshold intensities: by slow mechanical traveling waves or by fast cochlear fluid pressure waves
Authors: Sohmer Haim
Published: August 2020

The three modes of auditory stimulation (air, bone and soft tissue conduction) at threshold intensities are thought to share a common excitation mechanism: the stimuli induce passive displacements of the basilar membrane propagating from the base to the apex (slow mechanical traveling wave), which activate the outer hair cells, producing active displacements, which sum with the passive displacements. However, theoretical analyses and modeling of cochlear mechanics provide indications that the slow mechanical basilar membrane traveling wave may not be able to excite the cochlea at threshold intensities with the frequency discrimination observed. These analyses are complemented by several independent lines of research results supporting the notion that cochlear excitation at threshold may not involve a passive traveling wave, and the fast cochlear fluid pressures may directly activate the outer hair cells: opening of the sealed inner ear in patients undergoing cochlear implantation is not accompanied by threshold elevations to low frequency stimulation which would be expected to result from opening the cochlea, reducing cochlear impedance, altering hydrodynamics. The magnitude of the passive displacements at threshold is negligible. Isolated outer hair cells in fluid display tuned mechanical motility to fluid pressures which likely act on stretch sensitive ion channels in the walls of the cells. Vibrations delivered to soft tissue body sites elicit hearing. Thus, based on theoretical and experimental evidence, the common mechanism eliciting hearing during threshold stimulation by air, bone and soft tissue conduction may involve the fast-cochlear fluid pressures which directly activate the outer hair cells.
Chest percussion, a common yet underutilized art
Authors: Gupta Neeraj Kumar , Kumar Rohit , Puri Harsh Vardhan , Gupta Nitesh , Yadav Siddharth Raj , Ish Pranav
Published: August 2020

Dear Editor

Long years of respiratory medicine practice lets one develop a clinical instinct which certainly aids in diagnostic acumen...
Trends in the Use of Tissue Culture, Applications and Future Aspects
Authors: Twaij Baan Munim , Jazar Zena , Hasan Md. Nazmul
Published: August 2020

Plant tissue culture has developed widely incorporated into biotechnology, the agricultural systems being a key factor to support many pharmaceutical and industrial outcomes. Since 1902 there is vast progress in plant culture and its application has emerged having great diversity in the science filed. Due to development and desire to grow on high scale production in the past few decades, tissue culture techniques were manipulated for improvement of plant growth, biological activities, transformation, and secondary metabolites production. A significant advance in techniques has been sought to deal with problems of low concentrations of secondary metabolites in whole plants. The augmented use of plant culture is due to a superior perceptive of plant oriented compounds and secondary metabolites from economically important plants. Due to development in modern techniques, several particular protocols have been developed for the production of a wide array of secondary metabolites of plants on a commercial scale. Plant tissue culture has to lead to significant contributions in recent times and today they constitute an indispensable tool in the advancement of agricultural sciences and modern agriculture. This review would enable us to have an analysis of plant tissue culture development for agriculture, human health and wellbeing in general.