bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Environmental, Social, and Governance in achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals: A special focus on India
Authors: Sarkar Sujay , Moolearambil Sukumaran Nair Madhusoodanan , Datta Arindam
Published: May 2023

This review article investigates how Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) can contribute to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). As environmental concerns increasingly influence investment decisions, the UN's Agenda 2030, encompassing 17 SDGs, 169 targets, and 261 indicators, plays a vital role in the worldwide commitment to sustainable development. The integration of ESG into business strategies and reporting, including India's initiative like the Business Responsibility and Sustainability Report (BRSR) is essential for realizing these national SDGs. 40 relevant ESG indicators align with SDG performance, and adopting ESG standards and sustainability reporting provides a competitive advantage and effective SDG accomplishment for stakeholders and investors.
Arginase deficiency—An unheralded cause of developmental epileptic encephalopathy
Authors: Pavuluri Harini , Jose Manna , Fasaludeen Alfiya , Sundaram Soumya , Radhakrishnan Ashalatha , Banerjee Moinak , Menon Ramshekhar N.
Published: May 2023

Arginase deficiency, which leads to hyperargininaemia is a rare urea cycle disorder caused by a mutation in the ARG1 gene. It is an under‐recognized cause of pediatric developmental epileptic encephalopathy, with the key coexistent clinical features being developmental delay or regression and spasticity. Detection of ARG1 gene mutation on genetic testing is the confirmatory diagnostic test. However, elevated levels of plasma arginine and low plasma arginase level can be considered as biochemical markers for diagnosis. We present two cases of arginase deficiency with genetically confirmed ARG1 mutation in one and biochemical confirmation in both. As the spectrum of epilepsy in arginase deficiency has been less explored, we attempted to elucidate the novel electroclinical features and syndromic presentations in these patients. Informed consent was obtained from families of patients. Electroclinical diagnosis was consistent with Lennox Gastaut syndrome (LGS) in the first patient while the second patient had refractory atonic seizures with electrophysiological features consistent with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. Though primary hyperammonaemia is not a consistent feature, secondary hyperammonaemia in the setting of infectious triggers and drugs like valproate (valproate sensitivity) has been well described as also observed in our patient. In the absence of an overt antecedent in a child with spasticity and seizure disorder, with a progressive course consistent with a developmental epileptic encephalopathy, arginase deficiency merits consideration. Diagnosis often has important therapeutic implications with respect to dietary management and choice of the appropriate antiseizure medications.
Unilateral asterixis in a patient with subdural hematoma: A case of epileptic negative myoclonus
Authors: Kunnakkat Saroj , Bisi‐Onyemaechi Adaobi Ijeoma , Chen Alex Y. , Curfman Eric , Dolbow James , Shafiq Ameena , Fotedar Neel
Published: May 2023

Content available: Video
Examining the components and stability of negative affect in disordered eating frequency
Authors: Legg Nicole K. , Robillard Christina L. , Turner Brianna J.
Published: May 2023

Objective

There is a limited understanding of the unique components of negative affect that are most important to disordered eating. Our study tested the contributions and stabilities of unique components of negative affect in the frequency of both binge eating and restricted eating. We examined if: (1) symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress share unique, concurrent associations with binge eating and restricted eating, respectively, and if (2) instability of depression, anxiety, and stress predict binge eating and restricted eating, respectively.

Method

627 first year undergraduate students completed 7 assessments of these constructs across their first academic year. Generalised multilevel modelling was employed.

Results

Higher than average anxiety, but not depression or stress, was concurrently associated with restricted eating. No concurrent associations between negative affect and binge eating were found. Instability of depression, but not anxiety or stress, predicted both binge and restricted eating.

Conclusion

Anxiety may be a more salient predictor of restricted eating than depression or stress. However, larger monthly changes in depression may confer risk for more frequent binge eating and restricted eating.
A mini review of electrocatalytic upgrading of carbohydrate biomass—System, path, and optimization
Authors: Cheng Shuo , Zhong Heng , Jin Fangming
Published: May 2023

Upgrading carbohydrate biomass is a promising process to convert low‐value carbohydrate feedstocks into high‐value chemicals and fuels, which is critical for the development of a sustainable and renewable society. Among the various carbohydrate conversion technologies, electrocatalytic methods have gained increasing research interest due to their mild reaction conditions and easy accessibility. Moreover, electrocatalytic methods utilize water as a green and abundant source of hydrogen and oxygen for either reduction reactions on the cathode or oxidation reactions on the anode. In recent years, significant progress has been made in this field, with the establishment of various systems aimed at enhancing the electrocatalytic conversion of carbohydrates. In this review, recent technologies and results of electrocatalytic conversion of carbohydrates are summarized in two parts: anodic electrocatalytic oxidation (cellulose, 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural [HMF], glucose, and 2‐furfural) and cathodic electrocatalytic reduction (glucose, HMF, and 2‐furfural). Furthermore, future outlooks for improving this field are also proposed.
Momentum exchange modeling for coarsely resolved interfaces in a multifield two‐fluid model
Authors: Meller Richard , Tekavčič Matej , Krull Benjamin , Schlegel Fabian
Published: May 2023

Morphology‐adaptive multiphase models are becoming more established for the numerical description of complex gas‐liquid flows adapting dynamically to the local flow morphology. In the present study, two different numerical methods originally designed for distinct flow morphologies are combined, namely the volume‐of‐fluid and the Euler–Euler method. Both edge cases have been proven to be capable of delivering reliable predictions in the respective use cases. The long‐term goal is to improve the prediction of gas‐liquid flows, regardless of the flow regime in a specific application. To capture the system dynamics with a given grid resolution, the flow fields need to be predicted as precise as possible, while the shape of structures such as gas bubbles need to be recovered adequately in topology and shape. The goal is to obtain reliable predictions on intermediate mesh resolutions rather than relying on fine meshes requiring more computational resources. Therefore, a procedure is proposed to locally measure the degree of resolution. With this information, the hydrodynamics in the interface region can be controlled by means of a dedicated interfacial drag formulation in order to improve simulation results across several levels of spatial resolution. A modified formulation of buoyancy is proposed to prevent unphysical oscillations of vertical velocity near a horizontal interface. The functionality is demonstrated in a three‐dimensional case of a gas bubble rising in stagnant liquid and in a co‐current stratified air‐water channel flow in two‐dimensional space. The choice of these different applications demonstrates the general applicability of the proposed model framework.
Three thousand years of river channel engineering in the Nile Valley
Authors: Dalton Matthew , Spencer Neal , Macklin Mark G. , Woodward Jamie C. , Ryan Philippa
Published: May 2023

Across a 1000‐km stretch of the River Nile, from the 1st Cataract in southern Egypt to the 4th Cataract in Sudan, many hundreds of drystone walls are located within active channels, on seasonally inundated floodplains or in now‐dry Holocene palaeochannel belts. These walls (or river groynes) functioned as flood and flow control structures and are of a type now commonly in use worldwide. In the Nile Valley, the structures have been subject only to localised investigations, and none have been radiometrically dated. Some were built within living memory to trap nutrient‐rich Nile silts for agriculture, a practice already recorded in the early 19th century C.E. However, others situated within ancient palaeochannel belts indicate construction over much longer time frames. In this paper, we map the distribution of these river groynes using remote sensing and drone survey. We then establish their probable functions and a provisional chronology using ethnoarchaeological investigation and the ground survey, excavation and radiometric dating of the structures in northern Sudan, focusing on the Holocene riverine landscape surrounding the pharaonic settlement of Amara West (c. 1300–1000 B.C.E.). Finally, we consider the historical and economic implications of this form of hydraulic engineering in the Nile Valley over the past three millennia.
Use of medicinal plants as a remedy against lymphatic filariasis: Current status and future prospect
Authors: Fordjour Fatima A. , Osei‐Poku Priscilla , Genfi Afua K. A. , Ainooson Kwaw G. , Amponsah Kingsley , Arthur Patrick K. , Stephenson G. Richard , Kwarteng Alexander
Published: May 2023

Despite the successes achieved so far with the Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis, there is still an appreciable number of lymphatic filarial patients who need alternative treatment and morbidity management strategies. The unresponsiveness of some cohorts to the drugs used in the mass drug administration program is currently raising a lot of questions and this needs urgent attention. Natural medicinal plants have a long‐standing history of being effective against most disease conditions. Countries such as India have been able to integrate their natural plant remedies into the treatment of lymphatic filarial conditions, and the results are overwhelmingly positive. Components of Azadirachta indica A. Juss, Parkia biglobosa, Adansonia digitata, and Ocimum spp have been shown to have anti‐inflammatory, anticancerous, and antimicrobial activities in animal models. Therefore, this review calls for attention toward the use of natural plant components as an alternate treatment against lymphatic filariasis to help reduce the World Health Organization's burden of providing drugs for people in need of treatment every year.
An assessment of the relationship between national rates of Covid‐19 incidence and mortality as reported to an international comparison database: An ecological study
Authors: Shokri Azad , Mahmoodi Hassan , Piroozi Bakhtiar , Moradi Yousef , Moradpour Farhad , Moradi Ghobad , Ebrazeh Ali , Daftarifard Parisa
Published: May 2023

Background and Aims

Making a judgment only based on formal national reports can be misleading. We aimed to assess the relationship between countries' development indicators and reported coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid‐19)‐related incidences and death.

Methods

Covid‐19 related incidence and death cases were extracted from the updated Humanitarian Data Exchange Website on October 8, 2021. Univariable and multivariable negative binomial regression were utilized to investigate the relationship between development indicator and incidence and mortality from Covid‐19 by calculating the Incidence rate ratio (IRR), mortality rate ratio (MRR), and fatality risk ratio (FRR).

Results

Very high human development index (HDI) compared with low HDI (IRR:3.56; MRR:9.04), the proportion of physicians (IRR:1.20; MRR:1.16), besides extreme poverty (IRR:1.01; MRR:1.01) were independently correlated with the mortality and incidence rate of Covid‐19. Very high HDI and population density were inversely correlated with the fatality risk (FRRs of 0.54 and 0.99). The cross‐continental comparison shows Europe and the North Americas, had significantly higher incidence and mortality rates with IRR of 3.56 and 1.84 as well as MRRs of 6.65 and 3.62, respectively. Also, they inversely correlated with the fatality (FRR:0.84 and 0.91, respectively).

Conclusion

A positive correlation between the fatality rate ratio based on countries' development indicators and the reverse for the incidence and mortality rate was found. Developed countries with sensitive healthcare systems can diagnose infected cases as soon as possible. Also, the mortality rate of Covid‐19 will be accurately registered and reported. Due to more access to diagnostic tests, patients are diagnosed at the initial stages and will have a better opportunity to receive treatment. This leads to higher reports of incidence/and/or mortality rates and lower fatality of COVID‐19. In conclusion, more Covid‐19 incidence and mortality cases in developed countries can result from a more comprehensive care system and a more accurate recording procedure.
Predicting second breast cancer among women with primary breast cancer using machine learning algorithms, a population‐based observational study
Authors: Syleouni Maria‐Eleni , Karavasiloglou Nena , Manduchi Laura , Wanner Miriam , Korol Dimitri , Ortelli Laura , Bordoni Andrea , Rohrmann Sabine
Published: May 2023

Breast cancer survivors often experience recurrence or a second primary cancer. We developed an automated approach to predict the occurrence of any second breast cancer (SBC) using patient‐level data and explored the generalizability of the models with an external validation data source. Breast cancer patients from the cancer registry of Zurich, Zug, Schaffhausen, Schwyz (N = 3213; training dataset) and the cancer registry of Ticino (N = 1073; external validation dataset), diagnosed between 2010 and 2018, were used for model training and validation, respectively. Machine learning (ML) methods, namely a feed‐forward neural network (ANN), logistic regression, and extreme gradient boosting (XGB) were employed for classification. The best‐performing model was selected based on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Key characteristics contributing to a high SBC risk were identified. SBC was diagnosed in 6% of all cases. The most important features for SBC prediction were age at incidence, year of birth, stage, and extent of the pathological primary tumor. The ANN model had the highest area under the ROC curve with 0.78 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.750.82) in the training data and 0.70 (95% CI 0.61‐0.79) in the external validation data. Investigating the generalizability of different ML algorithms, we found that the ANN generalized better than the other models on the external validation data. This research is a first step towards the development of an automated tool that could assist clinicians in the identification of women at high risk of developing an SBC and potentially preventing it.
Radiological response of leptomeningeal metastases according to revised RANO criteria is associated with overall survival in breast cancer patients
Authors: Griguolo Gaia , Aldegheri Vittoria , Bottosso Michele , Pittaro Alice , Caumo Francesca , Guarascio Maria Cristina , Pouderoux Stéphane , Busato Fabio , Miglietta Federica , Jacot William , Dieci Maria Vittoria , Darlix Amelie , Guarneri Valentina
Published: May 2023

Assessment of treatment response in patients (pts) with leptomeningeal metastases (LM) represents a significant challenge and standardized criteria are needed. In 2017, the RANO LM Working Group proposed a standardized scorecard to evaluate MRI findings (further simplified in 2019). Here, we aim to validate the prognostic impact of response to treatment assessed using this tool in a multicentric cohort of breast cancer (BC) pts. Pts with BC‐related LM diagnosed at two institutions between 2005 and 2018 were identified. Baseline and follow‐up MRI scans were centrally reviewed and response assessment was evaluated using 2019 revised RANO LM criteria. A total of 142 pts with BC‐related LM and available baseline brain MRI imaging were identified; 60 of them had at least one follow‐up MRI. In this subgroup, median overall survival (OS) was 15.2 months (95%CI 9.5‐21.0). At first re‐evaluation, radiological response by RANO criteria was: complete response (CR) in 2 pts (3%), partial response (PR) in 12 (20%), stable disease (SD) in 33 (55%) and progression of disease (PD) in 13 (22%). Median OS was 31.1 months (HR 0.10, 95%CI 0.01‐0.78) in pts with CR, 16.1 months (HR 0.41, 95%CI 0.17‐0.97) in pts with PR, 17.9 months (HR 0.45, 95%CI 0.22‐0.91) in pts with SD and 9.5 months in pts with PD (P = .029). A second blinded evaluation showed a moderate interobserver agreement (K = 0.562). Radiological response according to 2019 RANO criteria is significantly associated with OS in pts with BC‐related LM, thus supporting the use of this evaluation tool both in trials and clinical practice.
Broadscale distribution, abundance, and habitat associations of the invasive Asian clam (Corbicula fluminea) in the lower Columbia River, USA
Authors: Robb‐Chavez Salvador B. , Bollens Stephen M. , Rollwagen‐Bollens Gretchen , Counihan Timothy D.
Published: May 2023

The Asian clam, Corbicula fluminea, is an invasive freshwater bivalve that has established populations across the globe and is known to have deleterious effects on natural and human systems. Yet, despite being present in the Columbia River (CR) for nearly a century, little is known about this invader's basic biology and ecology in this large river system. Thus, we undertook a field study to assess its (i) broadscale distribution and abundance, and (ii) associations with habitat characteristics in the lower CR. During 2019–2020, C. fluminea were collected from 27 shore‐based stations spanning 481 river kilometers of the lower CR, along with several habitat characteristics (bank slope, temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, salinity, conductivity, chlorophyll‐a concentration, and sediment composition and % organic matter [OM]). C. fluminea abundance ranged from 0 to 430 ind. m−2. Most sites with abundances >100 ind. m−2 were located downstream of Bonneville Dam, whereas most sites with abundances <100 ind. m−2 were located upstream. Generalized linear models predicting the abundance of C. fluminea indicated significantly positive correlations with water temperature and % sand, and negative correlations with bank slope and sedimentary % OM. We also reviewed the global literature on abundance and habitat associations of C. fluminea and compared this with our own results. Our investigation represents the greatest spatial extent at which C. fluminea has been studied in the CR and our results provide a better understanding of the basic biology and ecology of this global invader, as well as provide natural resource managers with information on habitat conditions favorable for this invasive bivalve within temperate river ecosystems.
Population structure and dietary plasticity of four invasive populations of the topmouth gudgeon Pseudorasbora parva
Authors: Nocita Annamaria , La Sala Giuseppe , Busatto Thomas , Santini Giacomo , Balzani Paride
Published: May 2023

The topmouth gudgeon Pseudorasbora parva is one of the worst invasive species worldwide and is considered to be highly plastic in terms of its phenotype but also behavioral ecology. Here, we analyzed the population structure and the morphological and dietary plasticity of four populations of P. parva across the four seasons within the Arno River basin in Central Italy. We found that the studied populations were morphologically different, suggesting multiple introductions or adaptation to different environmental conditions. In all populations, males were bigger and, overall, more frequent than females. The gonadosomatic index showed a similar pattern across all populations, with higher spring and summer values, indicating a long reproductive period. The diet of P. parva considerably varied across populations and seasons, suggesting a high degree of spatio‐temporal trophic plasticity. Diet breadth varied among seasons, being more specialized in spring and summer and more opportunistic during autumn and winter. Our results highlight high trophic plasticity in the invasive populations of P. parva, potentially impacting multiple native taxa.
Bioactive impact of manuka honey and bone char incorporated into gelatin and chitosan cryogels in a rat calvarial fracture model
Authors: Robertson E. M. , Hixon K. R. , McBride‐Gagyi S. H. , Sell S. A.
Published: May 2023

Bone tissue engineered scaffolds are designed to mimic the natural environment for regeneration when typical healing is inhibited. Autografts are the current gold standard for treatment but are limited by available bone and supplementary surgical sites that broaden complications and comorbidities. Cryogels are an ideal scaffold in bone regeneration due to their mechanical integrity and marcoporous structure that elicits angiogenesis and subsequently new bone tissue formation. To aid in bioactivity and osteoinductivity, manuka honey (MH) and bone char (BC) were added to gelatin and chitosan cryogels (CG). Manuka honey has powerful antimicrobial properties to aid against graft infection, and bone char is composed of 90% hydroxyapatite, a well‐studied bioactive material. These additives are natural, abundant, easy to use, and cost effective. CG cryogels incorporated with either BC or MH, and plain CG cryogels were implanted into rat calvarial fracture models for cortical bone regeneration analysis. We found indication of bioactivity with both bone char and manuka honey through the presence of woven bone structure in histology stains and micro computed tomography (microCT) data. Overall, plain CG cryogels supported greater bone regeneration capabilities than the BC or MH incorporated cryogels due to a lack of advanced organized tissue formation and collagen deposition after 8 weeks of implantation; however, future work should explore varying additive concentrations and delivery methods to further assess additive potential.
Synthesis, docking studies, in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation and DNA damage mechanism of new tyrosine‐based tripeptides
Authors: Çalışkan Eray , Kaplan Alpaslan , Şekerci Güldeniz , Çapan İrfan , Tekin Suat , Erkan Sultan , Koran Kenan , Sandal Süleyman , Görgülü Ahmet O.
Published: May 2023

Peptides are one of the leading groups of compounds that have been the subject of a great deal of biological research and still continue to attract researchers' attention. In this study, a series of tripeptides based on tyrosine amino acids were synthesized by the triazine method. The cytotoxicity properties of all compounds against human cancer cell lines (MCF‐7), ovarian (A2780), prostate (PC‐3), and colon cancer cell lines (Caco‐2) were determined by the 3‐[4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl]‐2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay method, and % cell viability and logIC50 values of the compounds were calculated. Significant decreases in cell viability were observed in all cells (p < 0.05). The comet assay method was used to understand that the compounds that showed a significant decrease in cell viability had this effect through DNA damage. Most of the compounds exhibited cytotoxicity by DNA damage mechanism. Besides, their interactions between investigated molecule groups with PDB ID: 3VHE, 3C0R, 2ZCL, and 2HQ6 target proteins corresponding to cancer cell lines, respectively, were investigated by docking studies. Finally, molecules with high biological activity against biological receptors were determined by ADME analysis.
Primed for change: The effect of a blood prime on peripheral blood stem cell collection and accuracy of a prediction tool in pediatric patients
Authors: Rahim Mahvish Q. , Goebel W. Scott , Delph John , Soundar Esther
Published: May 2023

Pediatric apheresis collection of peripheral blood stem cells for autologous transplantation often requires use of a blood prime. We evaluated the relationship between pre‐apheresis blood CD34+ counts and final CD34+ yield with use of a blood prime. Forty patients underwent apheresis stem cell collection in a 5 year period in our hospital, of which 27 required blood priming of the apheresis machine. Despite the blood prime group having significantly higher pre‐apheresis CD34+ cell counts, this group processed a relatively higher volume of blood due to a higher dilutional effect and collected significantly less than predicted CD34+ cell yield. Use of weight‐specific collection efficiencies and dilution‐adjusted pre‐apheresis CD34+ counts will help in accurately estimating the whole blood volume to process for PBSC collection and therefore increase efficiency and decrease the overall cost of collection.
Stability of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) measurements from whole blood samples kept at −196°C for seven to eight years in The Malaysian Cohort study
Authors: Abdullah Noraidatulakma , Goh Ying‐Xian , Othman Raihannah , Ismail Norliza , Jalal Nazihah , Wan Sallam Wan Ahmad Faisal , Husin Nurul Faeizah , Shafie Ahmad Syafiq , Awang Afifah , Kamaruddin Mohd Arman , Jamal Rahman
Published: May 2023

Objective

Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) is a standard indication for screening type 2 diabetes that also has been widely used in large‐scale epidemiological studies. However, its long‐term quality (in terms of reproducibility) stored in liquid nitrogen is still unknown. This study is aimed to evaluate the stability and reproducibility of HbA1c measurements from frozen whole blood samples kept at −196°C for more than 7 years.

Methods

A total of 401 whole blood samples with a fresh HbA1c measurement were randomly selected from The Malaysian Cohort's (TMC) biobank. The HbA1c measurements of fresh and frozen (stored for 7–8 years) samples were assayed using different high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) systems. The HbA1c values of the fresh samples were then calculated and corrected according to the later system. The reproducibility of HbA1c measurements between calculated‐fresh and frozen samples was assessed using a Passing‐Bablok linear regression model. The Bland–Altman plot was then used to evaluate the concordance of HbA1c values.

Results

The different HPLC systems highly correlated (r = 0.99) and agreed (ICC = 0.96) with each other. Furthermore, the HbA1c measurements for frozen samples strongly correlate with the corrected HbA1c values of the fresh samples (r = 0.875) with a mean difference of −0.02 (SD: −0.38 to 0.38). Although the mean difference is small, discrepancies were observed within the diabetic and non‐diabetic samples.

Conclusion

These data demonstrate that the HbA1c measurements between fresh and frozen samples are highly correlated and reproducible.
Is there evidence of a causal link between childhood maltreatment and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder? A systematic review of prospective longitudinal studies using the Bradford‐Hill criteria
Authors: Bali Paraskevi , Sonuga‐Barke Edmund , Mohr‐Jensen Christina , Demontis Ditte , Minnis Helen
Published: May 2023

Background

Studies report an elevated risk of maltreatment in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and elevated levels of ADHD in people who suffered childhood maltreatment (CM). However, the direction(s) of causality between CM and ADHD remain unclear—does ADHD create a context for CM, does CM cause ADHD, or both?

Objective

This study systematically reviews and qualitatively synthesizes the research evidence relating to this question using Bradford‐Hill criteria for establishing causality—strength, temporality, dose‐response and plausibility.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review, following PRISMA guidelines, of prospective longitudinal studies examining both CM and ADHD. We then used Bradford‐Hill criteria to assess the quality of evidence for a causal link between CM and ADHD.

Results

All 11 included studies demonstrated an association between CM and ADHD. Seven included evidence for temporality: five suggesting that CM precedes ADHD in the lifespan; two suggesting ADHD precedes CM. Four studies demonstrated a dose response relationship in which greater CM exposure was associated with elevated risk of ADHD. Studies presented a range of plausible mechanisms, including CM causing ADHD through biological programming, versus ADHD causing CM through parental stress.

Conclusions

The high quality prospective longitudinal studies reviewed confirm the association between ADHD and CM, but present conflicting evidence about the direction of causality and mechanisms underpinning this association. To better understand the complex interplay between CM and ADHD, more studies using new research designs will be required that can partition effects by type of CM and account for bidirectional effects and other complexities.
Successful endoscopic submucosal dissection of colorectal lipoma with an overlying adenoma
Authors: Furuta Akito , Omoto Shunsuke , Inoue Taro , Yanai Mitsuru , Iwabe Hideo , Takihara Hiroshi , Ishibashi Kohei , Tanaka Hironori , Matsuura Ko , Ogata Shunsuke , Yokomura Akitaka , Hoshikawa Masato , Kono Michihito , Koriyama Takasi , Tazawa Tomohiko , Tsuyuguchi Eri , Yamasaki Yasuo , Esumi Shun , Tsuruta Yoshimasa , Shishimoto Takahiro , Yamamoto Masaki , Ono Wataru
Published: May 2023

We report the case of a 65‐year‐old woman whose colonoscopy revealed a soft submucosal tumor approximately 7 cm in diameter in the ascending colon with an overlying flat lesion. The tumor was diagnosed as a lipoma with an overlying adenoma. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) was performed. Pathological examination revealed that the epithelium was a low‐grade tubulovillous adenoma, while the submucosal yellow tumor was a lipoma. ESD appears to be a safe and effective treatment for colorectal lipomas overlying lipomas with colorectal adenomas.
Hemoglobin‐platelet index as a prognostic factor in patients with peripheral T‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Yagi Yu , Kanemasa Yusuke , Sasaki Yuki , Okumura Shunichi , Watanabe Takako , Ishimine Kento , Hayashi Yudai , Mino Mano , Ohigashi An , Morita Yuka , Tamura Taichi , Nakamura Shohei , Okuya Toshihiro , Shimoyama Tatsu
Published: May 2023

Peripheral T‐cell lymphoma (PTCL) is a heterogeneous group of aggressive lymphomas with a poor prognosis. The International Prognostic Index (IPI) and the Prognostic Index for PTCL‐unspecified (PIT) is used to predict the prognosis of PTCL. The hemoglobin‐platelet index (HPI), based on anemia and thrombocytopenia status, is associated with the prognosis of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma. However, its significance in terms of predicting the prognosis of PTCL has not been fully investigated. We herein retrospectively analyzed 100 patients with newly diagnosed PTCL in our department. At a median follow‐up of 3.2 years, the median progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) was 0.72 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.56–1.2) years and 2.0 (95% CI: 1.5–4.7) years, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that elevated lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and hypoalbuminemia were independent adverse variables for PFS. The HPI showed significant predictive value for both PFS and OS. As a new prognostic model comprising the HPI, LDH, and albumin, the LA‐HPI allowed the stratification of patients into four distinct risk subgroups: low risk (zero risk factors), low‐intermediate risk (one risk factors), high‐intermediate risk (two or three risk factors), or high risk (four risk factors). The PFS and OS differed significantly among the patients by the LA‐HPI score. The LA‐HPI demonstrated better predictive performance compared to the IPI, PIT, and HPI. Our data demonstrated the prognostic utility of the HPI in patients with PTCL. The LA‐HPI, incorporating four readily obtainable parameters, exhibited superior performance compared to traditional indices.
Biomarkers to predict disease progression and therapeutic response in isolated methylmalonic acidemia
Authors: Manoli Irini , Gebremariam Abigael , McCoy Samantha , Pass Alexandra R. , Gagné Jack , Hall Camryn , Ferry Susan , Van Ryzin Carol , Sloan Jennifer L. , Sacchetti Elisa , Catesini Giulio , Rizzo Cristiano , Martinelli Diego , Spada Marco , Dionisi‐Vici Carlo , Venditti Charles P.
Published: May 2023

Methylmalonic Acidemia (MMA) is a heterogenous group of inborn errors of metabolism caused by a defect in the methylmalonyl‐CoA mutase (MMUT) enzyme or the synthesis and transport of its cofactor, 5′‐deoxy‐adenosylcobalamin. It is characterized by life‐threatening episodes of ketoacidosis, chronic kidney disease, and other multiorgan complications. Liver transplantation can improve patient stability and survival and thus provides clinical and biochemical benchmarks for the development of hepatocyte‐targeted genomic therapies. Data are presented from a US natural history protocol that evaluated subjects with different types of MMA including mut‐type (N = 91), cblB‐type (15), and cblA‐type MMA (17), as well as from an Italian cohort of mut‐type (N = 19) and cblB‐type MMA (N = 2) subjects, including data before and after organ transplantation in both cohorts. Canonical metabolic markers, such as serum methylmalonic acid and propionylcarnitine, are variable and affected by dietary intake and renal function. We have therefore explored the use of the 1‐13C‐propionate oxidation breath test (POBT) to measure metabolic capacity and the changes in circulating proteins to assess mitochondrial dysfunction (fibroblast growth factor 21 [FGF21] and growth differentiation factor 15 [GDF15]) and kidney injury (lipocalin‐2 [LCN2]). Biomarker concentrations are higher in patients with the severe mut0‐type and cblB‐type MMA, correlate with a decreased POBT, and show a significant response postliver transplant. Additional circulating and imaging markers to assess disease burden are necessary to monitor disease progression. A combination of biomarkers reflecting disease severity and multisystem involvement will be needed to help stratify patients for clinical trials and assess the efficacy of new therapies for MMA.
Prognostic nutritional score based on pretreatment lymphocyte, platelet, and prealbumin predicts prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer
Authors: Liang Yuexiang , Guo Hanhan , Man Quan , Chang Shaofei , Wang Erpeng , Gao Song
Published: May 2023

Background and Objectives

Pretreatment immunological indicators and nutritional factors are associated with survival of many malignancies. This study aims to develop a prognostic nutritional score based on a combination of pretreatment lymphocyte, platelet, and prealbumin (Co‐LPPa) in patients with pancreatic cancer (PC) and to investigate the prognostic significance of this score.

Methods

Patients who underwent pancreatectomy with a curative intent for PC were retrospectively enrolled. A pretreatment prognostic score was established by immunological indicators and nutritional factors that were independently associated with survival.

Results

Pretreatment lymphocyte (<1.6 × 109/L), platelet (<160 × 109/L) and prealbumin (<0.23 g/L) were independently associated with poorer overall survival (OS) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS), and were used to create the Co‐LPPa score. The Co‐LPPa scores were inversely related to OS and RFS, and were able to stratify survival into four groups. The survival differences among the four groups were all significant. Besides, the Co‐LPPa scores could stratify survival independently of pathological prognostic factors. The Co‐LPPa score was superior to prognostic nutritional index and carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 in predicting OS and RFS.

Conclusion

The Co‐LPPa score could accurately predict the prognosis of PC patients who underwent curative resection. The score may be helpful for preoperative therapeutic strategies.
Light‐Based 3D Printing of Gelatin‐Based Biomaterial Inks to Create a Physiologically Relevant In Vitro Fish Intestinal Model
Authors: Szabó Anna , Pasquariello Rolando , Costa Pedro F. , Pavlovic Radmila , Geurs Indi , Dewettinck Koen , Vervaet Chris , Brevini Tiziana A. L. , Gandolfi Fulvio , Van Vlierberghe Sandra
Published: May 2023

To provide prominent accessibility of fishmeal to the European population, the currently available, time‐ and cost‐extensive feeding trials, which evaluate fish feed, should be replaced. The current paper reports on the development of a novel 3D culture platform, mimicking the microenvironment of the intestinal mucosa in vitro. The key requirements of the model include sufficient permeability for nutrients and medium‐size marker molecules (equilibrium within 24 h), suitable mechanical properties (G' < 10 kPa), and close morphological similarity to the intestinal architecture. To enable processability with light‐based 3D printing, a gelatin‐methacryloyl‐aminoethyl‐methacrylate‐based biomaterial ink is developed and combined with Tween 20 as porogen to ensure sufficient permeability. To assess the permeability properties of the hydrogels, a static diffusion setup is utilized, indicating that the hydrogel constructs are permeable for a medium size marker molecule (FITC‐dextran 4 kg mol−1). Moreover, the mechanical evaluation through rheology evidence a physiologically relevant scaffold stiffness (G' = 4.83 ± 0.78 kPa). Digital light processing‐based 3D printing of porogen‐containing hydrogels results in the creation of constructs exhibiting a physiologically relevant microarchitecture as evidenced through cryo‐scanning electron microscopy. Finally, the combination of the scaffolds with a novel rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) intestinal epithelial cell line (RTdi‐MI) evidence scaffold biocompatibility.
Simultaneous Construct Surface Microstructural and Internal Network‐Like Conductive Pathways of Poly(l‐lactic acid)/Carbon Nanomaterials Composite Foams
Authors: Sun Xin , Guo Yunfeng , Yang Shengdu , Wang Kai , Xie Lan , Xue Bai
Published: May 2023

The poly(l‐lactic acid) (PLLA)/carbon nanomaterials composite foams with hierarchical surface microstructural and internal conductive pathways are successfully prepared by a simple crystallization‐assisted rapid phase separation (CARPS). The dimension and morphology of carbon nanomaterials can induce different crystallization forms to construct the hierarchical surface microstructure, and they are distributed on the phase interface of solvent and non‐solvent to form conductive pathways. It is found that the heterogeneous nucleation of nanomaterials promotes a significant increase in crystallinity, and a stacked granular structure formed on the surface promotes the increase of the water contact angle to 148.7°. Foams with interconnecting pore structures contribute to the formation of 85.3% porosity and 12.33 g g−1 oil absorption. Carbon nanomaterials are distributed on the pore walls of the porous foam, which converts the foam from an insulating material to a conducting polymer. Furthermore, the uniform distribution of nanomaterials significantly affects the thermal stability of the PLLA. In belief, the multifunctional biodegradable foam, prepared by a CARPS method, makes it promising for industrial production and has potential applications in electrical conductivity, oil‐water separation, and many other fields.
Tough, Eu3+‐Induced Luminescent Hydrogel as Flexible Chemosensor for Real‐Time Quantitative Detection of Zn2+ Ion
Authors: Chen Liang , Cui Yuanzhi , Ruan Jiaping , Zhang Xincheng , Zhang Yifan , Rao Ping , Ren Wenshan
Published: May 2023

Herein, a novel tough luminescent hydrogel with Europium is fabricated using a facile copolymerization process by introducing 2,2’:6’,2‐terpyridine (TPy) into a dual physical cross‐linked hydrogel. The obtained P(NAGA‐co‐MAAc)/Eu/TPy (x) (x refers to the feed ratio of NAGA to MAAc) hydrogels not only show outstanding mechanical performances (fracture strength, ≈2.5 MPa), but also give a special ability of rapid detection to low concentrations of zinc ions. Attractively, the theoretical limits of detection (LOD) of the hydrogel sensors are calculated as 1.6 µm, which is acceptable within the WHO limit. Furthermore, the continuous change in fluorescence of P(NAGA‐co‐MAAc)/Eu/TPy (10) strips upon contact with Zn2+ can be clearly observed by the naked eyes with the aid of a portable UV lamp, resulting in semi‐quantitative naked‐eyes detection through a standard colorimetric card. Moreover, by identifying the RGB value of the hydrogel sensor, it can also realize quantitative analysis. Therefore, excellence in sensing, simplicity in structure, and convenience in using make P(NAGA‐co‐MAAc)/Eu/TPy (10) hydrogel as a superior fluorescent chemosensor of Zn2+ ions.
Small molecules targeting different cellular pathologies for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Elmansy Mohamed F. , Reidl Cory T. , Rahaman Mizzanoor , Özdinler P. Hande , Silverman Richard B.
Published: May 2023

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease in which the motor neuron circuitry displays progressive degeneration, affecting mostly the motor neurons in the brain and in the spinal cord. There are no effective cures, albeit three drugs, riluzole, edaravone, and AMX0035 (a combination of sodium phenylbutyrate and taurursodiol), have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration, with limited improvement in patients. There is an urgent need to build better and more effective treatment strategies for ALS. Since the disease is very heterogenous, numerous approaches have been explored, such as targeting genetic mutations, decreasing oxidative stress and excitotoxicity, enhancing mitochondrial function and protein degradation mechanisms, and inhibiting neuroinflammation. In addition, various chemical libraries or previously identified drugs have been screened for potential repurposing in the treatment of ALS. Here, we review previous drug discovery efforts targeting a variety of cellular pathologies that occur from genetic mutations that cause ALS, such as mutations inSOD1, C9orf72, FUS, and TARDP‐43genes. These mutations result in protein aggregation, which causes neuronal degeneration. Compounds used to target cellular pathologies that stem from these mutations are discussed and comparisons among different preclinical models are presented. Because the drug discovery landscape for ALS and other motor neuron diseases is changing rapidly, we also offer recommendations for a novel, more effective, direction in ALS drug discovery that could accelerate translation of effective compounds from animals to patients.
A generalization of the Kelvin–Voigt model with pressure‐dependent moduli in which both stress and strain appear linearly
Authors: Itou Hiromichi , Kovtunenko Victor A. , Rajagopal Kumbakonam R.
Published: May 2023

A generalization of the Kelvin–Voigt model that can represent viscoelastic materials whose moduli depend on the mechanical pressure is derived from an implicit constitutive relation in which both the Cauchy stress and the linearized strain appear linearly. For consistency with the assumption of small deformation, a thresholding approach is applied. The proposed mixed variational problem is investigated for its well‐posedness within the context of maximal monotone and coercive graphs. For isotropic extension or compression, a semi‐analytic solution of the generalization of the Kelvin–Voigt problem under stress control is presented. The corresponding numerical simulation for monotone and cyclic pressure loading is carried out, and the results then compared against the linearized model.
Baseline predictors of fatigue and persistent fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis: A longitudinal observational study
Authors: Fazaa Alia , Boussaa Hiba , Ouenniche Kmar , Miladi Saoussen , Makhlouf Yasmine , Belhadj Salwa , Ben Abdelghani Kawther , Laatar Ahmed
Published: May 2023

Objectives

To determine factors associated with fatigue in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and to identify baseline predictors of persistent fatigue at 12 months of follow‐up.

Methods

We enroled patients with RA fulfiling the 2010 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism criteria. Fatigue was assessed using the Arabic version of the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy—Fatigue (FACIT‐F). Using univariate and multivariate analyses, we examined baseline variables associated with fatigue and persistent fatigue (if the FACIT‐F score was less than 40 at baseline and 12 months of follow‐up).

Results

We included 100 RA patients of whom 83% reported fatigue. At baseline, the FACIT‐F score was significantly associated with older age (p = 0.007), pain (p < 0.001), global patient assessment (GPA) (p < 0.001), tender joint count (TJC) (p < 0.001), swollen joint count (p = 0.003), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (p < 0.001), disease activity score (DAS28 ESR) (p < 0.001), and health assessment questionnaire (HAQ) (p < 0.001). At 12 months of follow‐up, the percentage of patients who reported persistent fatigue was 60%. The FACIT‐F score was significantly associated with age (p = 0.015), symptom duration (p = 0.002), pain (p < 0.001), GPA (p < 0.001), TJC (p < 0.001), C‐Reactive Protein (p = 0.007), ESR (p = 0.009), DAS28 ESR (p < 0.001), and HAQ (p < 0.001). Pain was an independent baseline predictor of persistent fatigue (OR = 0.969 (95% CI [0.951–0.988]), p = 0.002).

Conclusions

Fatigue is a frequent symptom in RA. Pain, GPA, disease activity and disability were associated with fatigue and persistent fatigue. Baseline pain was the only independent predictor of persistent fatigue.
Differentiation between rebound thymic hyperplasia and thymic relapse after chemotherapy in pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Franke Friedrich Christian , Damek Adrian , Steglich Jonas , Kurch Lars , Hasenclever Dirk , Georgi Thomas W , Wohlgemuth Walther Alexander , Mauz‐Körholz Christine , Körholz Dieter , Kluge Regine , Landman‐Parker Judith , Wallace William Hamish , Fosså Alexander , Vordermark Dirk , Karlen Jonas , Fernández‐Teijeiro Ana , Cepelova Michaela , Klekawka Tomasz , Attarbaschi Andishe , Ceppi Francesco , Hraskova Andrea , Uyttebroeck Anne , Beishuizen Auke , Dieckmann Karin , Leblanc Thierry , Moellers Martin , Buerke Boris , Stoevesandt Dietrich
Published: May 2023

Background

Rebound thymic hyperplasia (RTH) is a common phenomenon caused by stress factors such as chemotherapy (CTX) or radiotherapy, with an incidence between 44% and 67.7% in pediatric lymphoma. Misinterpretation of RTH and thymic lymphoma relapse (LR) may lead to unnecessary diagnostic procedures including invasive biopsies or treatment intensification. The aim of this study was to identify parameters that differentiate between RTH and thymic LR in the anterior mediastinum.

Methods

After completion of CTX, we analyzed computed tomographies (CTs) and magnetic resonance images (MRIs) of 291 patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL) and adequate imaging available from the European Network for Pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma C1 trial. In all patients with biopsy‐proven LR, an additional fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)‐positron emission tomography (PET)‐CT was assessed. Structure and morphologic configuration in addition to calcifications and presence of multiple masses in the thymic region and signs of extrathymic LR were evaluated.

Results

After CTX, a significant volume increase of new or growing masses in the thymic space occurred in 133 of 291 patients. Without biopsy, only 98 patients could be identified as RTH or LR. No single finding related to thymic regrowth allowed differentiation between RTH and LR. However, the vast majority of cases with thymic LR presented with additional increasing tumor masses (33/34). All RTH patients (64/64) presented with isolated thymic growth.

Conclusion

Isolated thymic LR is very uncommon. CHL relapse should be suspected when increasing tumor masses are present in distant sites outside of the thymic area. Conversely, if regrowth of lymphoma in other sites can be excluded, isolated thymic mass after CTX likely represents RTH.