bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vision system for measuring wagon buffers’ lateral movements
Authors: Barjaktarovic Marko , Tomic Milos , Petricevic Slobodan , Mihailovic Pedja
Published: March 2013

This paper presents a vision system designed for measuring horizontal and
vertical displacements of a railway wagon body. The model comprises a
commercial webcam and a cooperative target of an appropriate shape. The
lateral buffer movement is determined by calculating target displacement in
real time by processing the camera image in a LabVIEW platform using free
OpenCV library. Laboratory experiments demonstrate an accuracy which is
better than ?0.5 mm within a 50 mm measuring range.
Energy detector performance in Rician fading channel
Authors: Brkic Srdjan , Ivanis Predrag
Published: March 2013

In this paper we analyzed the problem of detection of unknown signals in the
Rician fading channel. A closed-form expression for the probability of
detection is derived, followed by the numerical results. The analysis was
extended to the case of cooperative sensor network in which the environment
can be modelled by independent Rician fading channels.
Characteristics of switched reluctance motor operating in continuous and discontinuous conduction mode
Authors: Calasan Martin , Vujicic Vladan
Published: March 2013

This paper presents mechanical characteristics of Switched Reluctance Motor
(SRM) when it operates in Discontinuous Conduction Mode (DCM) or in
Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM), i.e. when the current through the phase
coils (windings) flows discontinuously or continuously. Firstly, in order to
maximize the output power of SRM optimization of its control parameters was
performed, such that the peak and RMS values of the current do not exceed the
predefined values. The optimal control parameters vs. rotation speed, as well
as the corresponding characteristics of torque, power and efficiency. It is
shown that with CCM the machine torque (power), at high speed, can be
increased.
Fault detection in electric power systems based on control charts
Authors: Kisic Emilija , Petrovic Vera , Jakovljevic Miroslav , Djurovic Zeljko
Published: March 2013

This paper analyzes the control system of the combustion process and
protection from explosions in the boiler furnace of thermal power plant using
the techniques of control charts. The data from old and newly introduced
system for measuring under-pressure differences in boiler furnace at unit B2,
TE Nikola Tesla (TENT) Obrenovac, were analyzed. The signal of undepressure
difference is used for boiler protection function in thermal power plant TENT
B. The results that confirm the advantages of the newly introduced system of
measurements are presented. A detailed discussion about the benefits and the
shortcomings of the control charts application in industrial processes are
given in the paper.
A solution for automatic parallelization of sequential assembly code
Authors: Kovacevic Djordje , Stanojevic Mladen , Marinkovic Vladimir , Popovic Miroslav
Published: March 2013

Since modern multicore processors can execute existing sequential programs
only on a single core, there is a strong need for automatic parallelization
of program code. Relying on existing algorithms, this paper describes one new
software solution tool for parallelization of sequential assembly code. The
main goal of this paper is to develop the parallelizator which reads
sequential assembler code and at the output provides parallelized code for
MIPS processor with multiple cores. The idea is the following: the parser
translates assembler input file to program objects suitable for further
processing. After that the static single assignment is done. Based on the
data flow graph, the parallelization algorithm separates instructions on
different cores. Once sequential code is parallelized by the parallelization
algorithm, registers are allocated with the algorithm for linear allocation,
and the result at the end of the program is distributed assembler code on
each of the cores. In the paper we evaluate the speedup of the matrix
multiplication example, which was processed by the parallelizator of assembly
code. The result is almost linear speedup of code execution, which increases
with the number of cores. The speed up on the two cores is 1.99, while on 16
cores the speed up is 13.88.
Definition of the border between the far and near field zone for printed antenna arrays with high side lobe suppression
Authors: Milijic Marija , Nesic Aleksandar , Milovanovic Bratislav
Published: March 2013

The paper defines the border between the far and near field zone of printed
antenna arrays. The conventional definition has a limited application in side
lobe suppression measurements, especially in the case of high side lobe
suppression. The paper particularly details the printed antenna array with 8
radiation elements. Its symmetrical tapered feed network with Chebyshev
distribution enables side lobe suppression greater than -44 dB in the
E-plane. In addition, the influence of tolerances in the standard
photolithographic process has been investigated. The expected tolerances in
the standard photolithographic process have been assumed with moderate
precision in order to estimate the side lobe suppression degradation due to
amplitude and phase deviations, as well as deviations to optimized values in
radiating element positioning.
Monte Carlo simulations of crystalline organic semiconductors
Authors: Mladenovic Marko , Stankovic Igor
Published: March 2013

Molecular model for crystalline organic semiconductors based on small
molecules is implemented in three-dimensional Monte Carlo simulations. In
this paper results for naphthalene are presented. Molecular structure is
considered in two configurations: within a single monocrystal and in vicinity
of interface between two monocrystals with different crystalline
orientations.
Wheelchair control by head motion
Authors: Pajkanovic Aleksandar , Dokic Branko
Published: March 2013

Electric wheelchairs are designed to aid paraplegics. Unfortunately, these
can not be used by persons with higher degree of impairment, such as
quadriplegics, i.e. persons that, due to age or illness, can not move any of
the body parts, except of the head. Medical devices designed to help them are
very complicated, rare and expensive. In this paper a microcontroller system
that enables standard electric wheelchair control by head motion is
presented. The system comprises electronic and mechanic components. A novel
head motion recognition technique based on accelerometer data processing is
designed. The wheelchair joystick is controlled by the system?s mechanical
actuator. The system can be used with several different types of standard
electric wheelchairs. It is tested and verified through an experiment
performed within this paper.
Numerical simulation of the energy distribution in biological tissues during electrical stimulation
Authors: Prodanovic Momcilo , Malesevic Jovana , Filipovic Marko , Jevtic Tijana , Bijelic Goran , Malesevic Nebojsa
Published: March 2013

Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) is used for activation of nerves and
muscles in order to restore their normal functions after an injury or stroke.
Taking into consideration that electrical stimulation does not directly
activate neural tissues, our intention was to show how this power is
distributed in the tissues. In order to estimate the power (energy)
distribution in the natural multilayer system of different tissues (skin,
fat, muscle, and bone) we considered their respective geometries and
electrical properties. Simulation was performed using a tissue model based on
a finite element method. We present the energy distribution for each layer,
and show that the largest portion of the energy is lost in the top skin
layer, and that only a fraction reaches the targeted neural tissue.
Electrophysical properties of microalloyed alumo-silicate ceramics as active dielectric
Authors: Purenovic Jelena , Mitic Vojislav , Randjelovic Marjan , Matovic Branko , Purenovic Milovan
Published: March 2013

In this paper, electrophysical properties of porous alumo-silicate ceramics,
modified by alloying with magnesium and microalloying with aluminum, were
investigated. Complex multiphase system, as active microalloyed ceramics, has
specific behavior under influence of external electrical field, which
involves changes of dielectric losses and impedance, depending on frequency
and temperature. Dielectric properties were measured in the frequency range
20 Hz - 1 MHz. Values for permittivity (?r) ranged between 140 - 430. Order
of magnitude for electrical resistivity was about 106 ?m, for impedance 104 -
108 ?, and loss tangent had values about and greater than 0.05. Current flow
through active dielectric takes place through dielectric barrier and
throughout conduction bands of thin aluminum and magnesium metal films.
Permittivity has nonlinear distribution and complex functional dependences
because of significant nonhomogeneity of active microalloyed ceramics. Lower
values of electrical resistivity are the result of complex electron and ion
transfer of charge through solid phase and pores, with decreased potential
barriers height, due to the influence of additives, ingredients and defects.
Java based tool for fault detection processing and result visualization
Authors: Radivojevic Dusan , Draskovic Drazen , Radivojevic Zaharije , Cvetanovic Milos
Published: March 2013

This paper examines a possible application of Java technology for an
implementation of a software tool for processing and visualization of input
signals originating from a thermal power plant?s coal-supply system.
Performance of the tool is evaluated from the aspects of algorithms,
architecture, and scalability. During the evaluation the performance
indicators were CPU and memory load, while varied input signals were sampling
rate and a level of user interaction. All measurements are performed on both
real and synthetic load.
Power management implementation in FreeRTOS on LM3S3748
Authors: Simonovic Mirela , Saranovac Lazar
Published: March 2013

Power consumption has become a major concern of embedded systems today. With
the aim to reduce power consumption during the runtime, operating systems are
dealing with power management. In this work, the FreeRTOS port is extended
with power management features on LM3S3748 microcontroller. Tickless idle
technique is implemented to provide more powersaving during the processor
idle periods.
The losses at power grid caused by small nonlinear loads
Authors: Stevanovic Dejan , Petkovic Predrag
Published: March 2013

The difference between registered active power and spent unregistered power
represents the losses at power grid. This paper treats problems related to
losses caused by nonlinear loads connected to the power grid. In recent years
the load profile of power consumers turned from energy-waster linear to
energysaver but non-linear loads. The main cause of the losses appears due to
the lack of adequate measurement equipment. Namely, common household power
meters register only active energy, while power meters for industrial
application register reactive energy as well. This approach does not follow
the change of the enduser profile. Tendency of improving energy efficiency
brought wide use of switching mode regulators and replace old incandescent
light bulb with new energy saving lamps (CFL - compact fluorescent lamp, LED
bulb). Therefore, the number of non-linear load drastically increased.
Registering only active component of power at consumer?s side does not depict
the real profile of the consumption. Therefore, in this paper we analyse and
quantify the effects of nonlinear loads at power losses. As a result we
suggest an efficient method for measuring the distortion component of power.
The method relays on low-cost upgrade of commercial electronic power meters.
The presented results of measurements on small non-linear loads confirm the
proposed technique. Besides, they prove the importance of measuring all
components of apparent power and justified their use in billing policy. The
implemented set-up is based on power meter manufactured by EWG of Nis.
Effect of different varieties of triticale on product characteristics in broiler chickens
Authors: Djekic Vera , Mitrovic Sreten , Obradovic Sasa , Vukasinovic Marija , Sefer Dragan
Published: March 2013

The aim of this paper was to determine how forage triticale in diets for
fattening broilers influence the body weight and weight gain of broiler
chickens for fattening. The survey was conducted on 400 chickens for
fattening provenance Ross 308 for a period of 42 days. On this occasion, four
groups of chickens were formed, with 100 chickens being treated in each
group, as follows: K (classic mixture for fattening broilers) and O-I
(mixtures with triticale variety Kg 20), O-II (mixtures with triticale
Favorit) and O-III group (mixtures with triticale Trijumf). The highest
average body mass in the groups of chickens (male, female and chicks of both
sexes), was scored by broiler chickens of O-II-group. The minimum food
consumption for 42-day-old chicks was achieved by group O-I (4.275 kg), and
the most by O-II group (4.359 kg). Chickens of O-II- and III-O-group had the
best feed conversion, while the chickens of O-I-group had a slightly poorer
feed conversion. The mortality of the groups of chickens for the entire
period of the study was the lowest in O-II-group, at 2.0%, and the highest
mortality was found in O-III-group (6.0%). The production index was the
highest in O-II-group (202.726) and the lowest in O-I-group. The results
achieved in this research indicate that the use of tested triticale cultivars
significantly affected the weight gain and body mass of chicks and have
nutritional and economic justification.
Effect of use of extruded corn in broiler feed on yield and meat quality
Authors: Okanovic Djordje , Dzinic Natalija , Jokanovic Marija , Tomovic Vladimir , Filipovic Slavko
Published: March 2013

The objective of these investigations was to examine the efficacy of the use
of extruded feed in the diet of broiler chicks. The procedure of extruding
corn causes significant physical-chemical changes in the kernel structure,
which increases the nutritive value as the nutritive matter in the kernel
becomes more readily available to the enzymes of the animal?s digestive
tract. This procedure also increases hygiene safety as well as the sensory
characteristics (taste) of the feed. Investigations were carried out on 3000
chicks of the Ross 308 hybrid, which were divided into an experimental and a
control group. The fattening period lasted 49 days. The composition of the
broiler mix was identical in both groups, with extruded corn being used in
the mix for the control group (O). Broilers fed the mix with extruded corn
(O) showed faster growth, lower mortality (20:96) and better feed conversion
(2.04:2,13 kg/kg) in comparison with the control group (K). Broilers of the
experimental group (O) also realized greater mass of the breast (696.6:657.6
g) and legs (569.2:528.2 g), as well as a greater meat percentage in the
breast and legs. The diet with extruded corn also resulted in an improved
nutritive quality of the broiler meat (higher protein content and lower
content of free lipids in broiler meat). The meat of broilers fed the mix
with extruded corn (O) was found to contain a higher protein content
(23.35:22.58%) in the breast, and in the legs (18.26:17.67%), and a lower
content of free lipids (1,.40:2.42%) in the breast, and in the legs
(5.87:9.24%) in comparison with the meat of broilers of the control group
(K).
Salmonella on pig carcassess during slaughter and processing
Authors: Karabasil Nedeljko , Pavlicevic Natasa , Galic Natasa , Dimitrijevic Mirjana , Loncina Jasna , Ivanovic Jelena , Baltic Milan
Published: March 2013

Salmonella is one of the most important zoonotic pathogens and the
consumption of pork meat is one of the major sources of human infection. The
aim of this study was to investigate the presence of salmonella on pig
carcasses. Samples were taken from slaughterhouse A in two instances
(sampling I and II, a total of 300 samples) and in slaughterhouse B once
(sampling III, a total of 120 samples), from pork carcasses after the
stunning and after the processing. Of the total number of examined samples,
the percentage of positive samples for salmonella from pork carcasses after
stunning was 46.7% (90/42), and samples from the carcasses after processing
3.3% (90/3). Operations taking place on the slaughter line could have an
effect on the salmonella contamination of carcasses.
Investigation of aflatoxin M1 degradation in milk
Authors: Smajlovic Ahmed , Muminovic Mehmed , Mujezinovic Indira , Cupic Vitormir
Published: March 2013

Aflatoxin M1 is a highly toxic 4-hydroxylated metabolite of aflatoxins B1 and
B2. It is one of the most potent hepatocarcinogens, mutagens, teratogens and
immunosuppressors. Feed is often contaminated with aflatoxigenic moulds and
aflatoxins with a high possibility of contaminating milk and dairy products
with aflatoxin M1. Samples of artificially contaminated milk were exposed to
the effects of physical conditions (temperature of -18oC and for microwaves
in a microwave oven), time (during the period from 1 to 12 months) and a
combination of the above mentioned conditions. Following this, levels of
aflatoxin M1 degradation were established by using the ELISA method. An
insignificant decrease in concentration of toxin was observed which indicates
that a temperature of -18?C does not significantly influence the
concentration of aflatoxin M1 in the artificially contaminated milk. At the
same time, treatment of milk with microwaves in a microwave oven showed an
insignificant influence on the percentage of aflatoxin M1 absorbance.
Biosecurity and mastitis in intensive dairy production
Authors: Bobos Stanko , Rasic Zoran , Radinovic Miodrag , Masic Zoran , Pajic Marija , Galfi Annamaria , Boskovic Milica
Published: March 2013

Newly purchased animals that enter a herd with high milk production can be
infected with pathogens of the mammary gland and are a potential risk of
infection to the cows on the farm. This risk cannot be avoided entirely, but
it can be minimized by taking biosecurity measures that should be written as
a policy developed for biosecurity oversight of veterinary service: when
older cows are purchased, they should be bought with complete lactations and
SCC records, and bacterial examination of milk from the udder quarters must
be negative for pathogens of the udder; newly purchased cows should come from
herds in which the geometric mean somatic cell count is less than 200,000.
The herd must have individual cow SCC recorded at least bimonthly for the
previous 6 months; the herd must not have had any history of Strep.
agalactiae infection in the last 2 years, the herd should be BVDV-free or
vaccinated, and the herd owner must be honest and willing to provide all this
information. Our country has accepted the standards for milk quality and
hygienic properties that comply with EU standards. The proposed biosafety
measures presented in this paper enable the determination of the health
status of the herd and the biosecurity level of mastitis in commercial
farming in intensive dairy production.
General procedures in diagnosis of malignant diseases in dogs and cats
Authors: Jovanovic Milan , Milovanovic Mirjana , Krstic Vanja , Ilic Vojislav
Published: March 2013

Tumors occur in all domestic and wild animals. They are most often diagnosed
in dogs and cats, and their numbers increase from year to year. In the recent
years, cancer is believed to be the most frequent cause of pet deaths. A
speedy and reliable diagnosis is of paramount importance because it enables
the veterinarian to begin therapy and make a prognosis. The objective of an
early diagnosis is to enable the detection of neoplastic diseases before the
tumor spreads throughout the organism, consequently enabling the timely
administration of therapy and providing greater chances for curing the
animal. A tumor is diagnosed on the grounds of the anamnesis, clinical
picture, and special diagnostic procedures. The most frequently applied
diagnostic procedures are laboratory diagnostics, cytology, biopsy and
pathohistology, imaging diagnostics (roentgenography and roentgenoscopy,
ultrasound diagnostics, endoscopy, computer tomography, magnetic resonance,
and scintigraphy) and molecular diagnostics. Each of these methods has its
advantages and faults in connection with costs, availability, sensitivity,
specificity and quality of anatomic vs functional pictures. Every one of
these techniques has its own field of implementation and each one provides
different and additional information in connection with the nature and
position of the primary lesion and the presence of metastases.
Basic therapeutic procedures in oncology of dogs and cats
Authors: Jovanovic Milan , Milovanovic Mirjana , Ilic Vojislav , Krstic Vanja
Published: March 2013

Speedy and reliable diagnostics of a malignant disease is of great importance
as it enables the veterinarian to begin administering therapy and to provide
the corresponding prognosis. Once the diagnosis is made, the necessary
therapeutic procedure is administered. Depending on the form and type of
malignant process, the following therapeutic measures can be applied:
surgical therapy, radiotherapy (radiation therapy), chemotherapy, immuno
therapy, molecular-gene targetted therapy, electrochemotherapy and
electrogenic therapy, cryo therapy - cryo surgery, hyperthermia, photodynamic
therapy, and supportive therapy. It is quite frequent that two or more
therapeutic methods are used in the treatment of malignant diseases in dogs
and cats. Each of these methods has its advantages and faults in connection
with costs, availability, sensitivity, specificity, and quality. Every one of
them has its area of implementation and yields different information
depending on the nature and position of the primary lesion, the presence of
metastases, as well as possible complications that are frequent in oncology
patients.
Tularemia in the Republic of Serbia during the period from 2000-2011
Authors: Maric Jovan , Obrenovic Jelena , Milkovic Miodrag , Samokovlija Ana , Elezovic Milica , Ljubic Bozidar , Stevanovic Goran , Djuricic Djordje , Djuricic Bosiljka
Published: March 2013

Tularemia is an infective disease of zoonotic character, bacterial etiology,
which occurs predominantly among rodents, but also in other species of
domestic and wild mammals, birds, reptiles, fish, and humans. The cause of
the disease is Francisella tularensis. Due to its
epidemiological-epizootiological characteristics, the cause belongs to the
group of biological agents and it has been used as a biological weapon. The
disease is characterized by primary local ulcerous changes on the skin and
mucosa, regional lymphadenitis, expressed general septicemia, and other
changes. This disease is suspected on the grounds of epizootiological data on
the incidence of the disease or the deaths of rabbits, sheep, or dogs, but
also humans. During the observed period of twelve years, 317 cases of
infected humans were recorded in the territory of the Republic of Serbia,
without any mortal outcomes. The disease was confirmed in animals in only one
case (2006.). In order to ensure full success in preventing the spreading and
in the curbing of tularemia it is necessary to secure cooperation among a
large number of professionals, in particular those engaged in the fields of
human and veterinary medicine.
Quality Assurance in Psychology Programmes across Europe: Survey and Reflections
Authors: Marques J. Frederico
Published: March 2013

The present article examines how different institutions that offer psychology study cycles across Europe have adopted quality principles and have taken up particular quality assurance initiatives to raise standards and enhance quality. Thirty-eight different institutions from 32 countries who were members of a European psychology network responded to a survey about quality issues. Results are presented regarding (a) policy and procedures for quality assurance, (b) approval, monitoring and periodic review of programmes and awards, (c) assessment of students, and (d) quality assurance of teaching staff. Implications for the quality assurance of psychology programmes and for further studies are discussed.
Organizing an Undergraduate Psychology Conference: The Successes and Challenges of Employing a Student-Led Approach
Authors: Pedersen Cory L. , Lymburner Jocelyn , Ali Jordan I. , Coburn Patricia I.
Published: March 2013

Connecting Minds (CM) is a North American undergraduate research conference in psychology, hosted annually by Kwantlen Polytechnic University in British Columbia, Canada. However, CM is a conference with a twist: it is both student-focused and student-led. The organizing committee is comprised of both faculty and students working collaboratively. While prone to some unique challenges, this approach to conference organization has been exceedingly successful, both for the event and the individuals involved. The organization of CM provides an opportunity for faculty to take teaching out of the classroom, and for students to develop skills essential for success at the graduate level of their education or in employment settings. This article presents the challenges and benefits intrinsic to such a model from both a faculty and student perspective.
Comparison of arch width, alveolar width and buccolingual inclination of teeth between Class II division 1 malocclusion and Class I occlusion
Authors: Shu Rui , Han Xianglong , Wang Yating , Xu Hui , Ai Dongqing , Wang Lufei , Wu Yeke , Bai Ding
Published: March 2013

Objective:

To compare the arch width, alveolar width, and buccolingual inclination of maxillary and mandibular posterior teeth between Class II division 1 malocclusion and Class I occlusion.

Materials and Methods:

Forty-five subjects with Class I occlusion and 45 subjects with Class II division 1 malocclusion were selected to measure the maxillary and mandibular arch width and alveolar width of premolars and first molars with digital caliper. Buccolingual inclination of maxillary and mandibular premolars and first molars were measured with a modified universal bevel protractor.

Results:

All of the posterior teeth in both groups were lingually tilted. The maxillary premolars and first molars were significantly more lingually tilted (P < .05) in Class II division 1 malocclusion than in Class I occlusion. Mandibular first premolars were significantly less lingually tilted in Class II division 1 malocclusion than in Class I occlusion. No significant difference of buccolingual inclination was found in mandibular second premolars and first molars between the two groups. No significant difference in maxillary and mandibular arch width and alveolar width was found between the two groups.

Conclusions:

Buccolingual inclination rather than arch width and alveolar width plays an important role in transverse discrepancy of Class II division 1 malocclusion.
Effects Of Type Sports On Pulmonary Function Tests: A Comparative Study In Nepalese Settings
Authors: Mahotra Narayan Bahadur , Shrestha Lava
Published: March 2013

Introduction: Due to regular exercises, athletes tend to have an increase in pulmonary capacity when compared to non-exercising individuals. Intensity and severity of sports engaged in by the athletes probably determines the extent of strengthening of the inspiratory muscles with a resultant increase in the pulmonary functions.1, 2 So, this study has been carried out to establish a relationship between the type of sports and pulmonary functions in Nepalese athletes. Methods: This study has adopted a cross sectional observational comparative research design. Spirometry was conducted in 84 different national level athletes [25.71 (± 4.55) years]. The athletes were from five different sport groups. Out of them, there were 16 weight lifters, 41 footballers, 10 swimmers, 8 marathon runners and 9 sprinters. Among them weight lifters, marathoners and sprinters were selected from the National sports council, Tripureshower, Kathmandu and footballers and swimmers were from the Nepal army club, Kathmandu, Nepal. The spirometry was done in sitting position using MIR SPIROLAB II spirometer based on American Thoracic Society (ATS) recommendations. Pulmonary function was assessed based on Forced Expiratory Volume in first second (FEV1), Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) and Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) expressed as percent predicted for the age, sex, height, weight and race. Results: When comparing the mean values of FVC, FEV1 and PEFR among the five different sport groups, as expected, athletes who have more strenuous respiratory muscles exercise had significantly superior pulmonary function parameters. For example weight lifters and swimmers had 111.84 and 109.56 percentage of predicted values on FVC (P=0.008) respectively. But marathoners, footballers and sprinters had 105.83, 99.25 and 98.34 percentage of predicted values respectively. Similarly, weight lifters, swimmers, marathoners, footballers and sprinters had 110.63, 110.15 and 110.28, 102.52 and 99.23 percentages of predicted values on FEV1 (p=0.090) respectively. Swimmers, marathoners, footballers, weight lifters and sprinters had 106.03 and 107.34, 104.37, 102.08 and 86.58 percentage of predicted values on PEFR (p=0.027) respectively. Conclusion: Athletes who have most strenuous respiratory muscle exercise like swimming and weight lifting have better pulmonary function tests (PFTs) compared to other athletes like sprinters who have less strenuous muscle exercise. Journal of Nobel Medical College Vol. 2, No.1 Issue 3 Nov.-April 2013 Page 18-21 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jonmc.v2i1.7667
Maternal And Fetal Outcome Following Severe Anaemia In Pregnancy: Results From Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal.
Authors: Ghimire Ram Hari , Ghimire Sita
Published: March 2013

Background: anaemia is a major contributor to maternal death in developing countries. Since it reduces resistance to blood loss, death may occur from bleeding associated with normal delivery. Objective: To explore the association between anaemia and maternal and perinatal complications. Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Materials and Methods: 100 pregnant women admitted for delivery and having severe anaemia were studied and compared with 100 non anaemic women matched for age, parity, and gestational age. Adverse outcomes analysed were: pregnancy induced hypertension, Postpartum haemorrhage hypertension, Abruptio Placenta,, Infection, Maternal Mortality, Low Birth Weight, and Perinatal mortality. Results : Compared to nonexposed women, exposed women had an increased risk of pregnancy induced hypertension with odds ratio of 5.06 . Postpartum haemorrhage, incidence of wound infection,Intermediate care unit admission were statistically significant in exposed group .However there was no significant difference in maternal mortality among study group.APGAR score <7 in 5 minutes was 18%in exposed group and 5% in non exposed group (p=0.0039). Intrauterine fetal death was 6% in cases and none of respondants from control group had Intrauterine fetal death (p=0.0128). Frequency of low birth weight was 22% in exposed group and 9% in non exposed group(p=0.011). Conclusions: The burden of anemia in pregnant population is still high in eastern region of Nepal. Severe anemia in pregnancy carries significant risk to mother and fetus. Hence preventive measures need to be implemented at community level. Public awareness regarding pre-pregnancy hemoglobin status and importance of antenatal checkup relating with maternal and fetal adverse pregnancy outcome should be initiated. Journal of Nobel Medical College Vol. 2, No.1 Issue 3 Nov.-April 2013 Page 22-26 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jonmc.v2i1.7668
A Pattern Of Ocular Morbidity In Patients Attending Anophtalmic Clinic In A Rural Part Of Western Nepal
Authors: Tuladhar Sarita , Dhakal Sachin , Dhakal Sachin
Published: March 2013

Background/ Aim: Very few reports exist regarding the causes of ocular morbidity in western Nepal. The study is performed to identify the causes of ocular morbidity in a clinic at Waling in western Nepal. Method: A retrospective study of all patients attending the eye clinic at Waling from August 2010 to August 2011 was done. Result: The study included 915 patients, 617 (67.5%) females, and 298 (32.5 %) males. Refractive error was the most common ocular morbidity accounting 26.8% followed by conjunctivitis 20.6%, cataract 11.8%, pterygium 6%, chalazion/stye 4%, ectropion/entropion 3.9%, keratitis 3.8%, dry eyes 2.8%, and corneal opacities 2.3%. Conclusion: The study gives a picture of pattern of ocular disease in western Nepal which is helpful in planning & management. Journal of Nobel Medical College Vol. 2, No.1 Issue 3 Nov.-April 2013 Page 27-30 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jonmc.v2i1.7669
Hearing Evaluation After Myringoplasty At Nepal Medical College And Teaching Hospital
Authors: Joshi Rupesh Raj , Jha Anil Kumar , Rijal Anupama Shah , Dhungana Anup , Shrestha Kundan Kumar
Published: March 2013

Objective: To evaluate the graft takes rate of the myringoplasties performed by underlay technique using temporalis fascia graft for the last one year and to assess the hearing improvement in the successfully operated cases. Methods: This prospective Study included 52 ears of 50 patients, who underwent myringoplasty. All operations were performed using an underlay technique and mostly by postaural approach. In all the cases, temporalis fascia was used for the reconstruction of TM. The data of all the patients regarding preoperative disease, perforation size and localization, surgical approach, graft material, pre- and postoperative clinical and functional (hearing evaluation by pure-tone audiogram) results were analyzed. Results: Successful closure rate of the TM perforation was 82.69% and the graft failure rate was 17.30%. In this study, lowest and highest age of patients at presentation was 12 and 42 years respectively with a mean age of 25.5 years. The success rate was better with the advancing age. The most common approach was postaural. Medium size and posterior perforations were common and the graft take rate was 80.95%, and 88.89% respectively. The mean pre and post-operative air conduction threshold in the successful cases were 38.69dB and 30.35 dB respectively with a mean audiological improvement of around 8 dB. The improvement in the hearing was achieved in only 67.44% (29 out of 43) among the successful operated myringoplasties. Conclusion: Myringoplasty is a safe and effective technique to improve the quality of life of patients. The most common approach was postaural. The graft takes rate was better with the advancing ages and with the medium size and posterior perforations. The improvement in hearing was also achieved. Journal of Nobel Medical College Vol. 2, No.1 Issue 3 Nov.-April 2013 Page 36-42 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jonmc.v2i1.7671
Acinetobacter Species: Phenotypic Characterization And Antimicrobial Resistance
Authors: Shrestha Medhabi , Khanal Basuda
Published: March 2013

Background: Acinetobacter species is ubiquitous, aerobic gram-negative coccobacilli that are now emerging as an important nosocomial pathogen. Objectives: The present study was designed to know the prevalence of Acinetobacter in various clinical samples, their characterization and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern in B.P. Koirala Institute of Health and Sciences, Dharan. Methodology: Hundred Acinetobacter isolates obtained from different clinical specimens were taken. Identification to species level was done according to standard microbiological methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility to 10 antimicrobial agents was performed by Kirby Bauer method with special reference to Minimum inhibitory concentration to meropenem. Result : The predominant Acinetobacter isolate was Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (42%) followed by Acinetobacter baumannii (34%) , Acinetobacter lwoffii (18%) and Acinetobacter junii (6%). Resistance pattern to various drugs were Meropenem (19%), Piperacillin (96%), Piperacillintazobactum (43%) , Amikacin (51%), Ceftazidime (84%), Ceftriaxone (66%), Co-trimoxazole (58%), Gentamicin (57%), Ciprofloxacin (55%), Tetracycline (53%) . Eleven isolates of Acinetobacter were resistant to Meropenem as detected by MIC testing whereas resistant Acinetobacter by disc diffusion technique were 19 in number. Conclusion: Occurrence of Acinetobacter in our hospital as an important clinical isolate is a serious matter of concern. Moreover, its involvement in wide spectrum of diseases and development of resistance to commonly used antimicrobials has further worsened the situation. Prudent use of antimicrobials, effective surveillance of antimicrobial resistance and adherence to infection control practices, perhaps are the key factors that may prevent the development and dissemination of resistance among the local isolates. Journal of Nobel Medical College Vol. 2, No.1 Issue 3 Nov.-April 2013 Page 43-48 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jonmc.v2i1.7675
A Study On Health Status Of Children Under Five Years Of Age In A Rural Village Of Eastern Part Of Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Dewa
Published: March 2013

Introduction: Every needy child should receive the best medical and surgical attention. In 1940, the White house Conference proposed adequate health services including medical and dental examination, immunization and early detection and treatment of diseases, vision and hearing tests, prevention and control of disease, health records and health services facilities. Objectives: To assess the health status of under five children. To know the treatment preference of the parents towards their sick children. To initiate control measures early, by allocating the health resources more efficiently and providing health awareness activities. Materials and Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. The entire 1-5 years age child (40children) residing in Dharan Municipality ward. No-17 at Phoklen Tapu was included. Simple random sampling technique (lottery method) was used to select the village and Census survey technique was followed to find out the 1-5 years children. The survey was conducted by investigator herself and self develop tools were used to health status of the child. Results: Most of the morbid conditions founded in the study were related to skin diseases (ring worm, boils/wound, cuts, eczema/ redness), ear infection, enlarged lymph node, Pneumonia, Diarrhoea/ vomiting, abdominal enlargement and malnutrition with different Grade. Conclusion: Majority of the parent were not having health education regarding child care. The treat their child with home remedies, by faith healer then after third time they seek sick child with health personnel. Journal of Nobel Medical College Vol. 2, No.1 Issue 3 Nov.-April 2013 Page 49-54 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jonmc.v2i1.7676
A Study Of Psychiatric Morbidty Amongst Children Attending A Child Guidance Clinic At A Tertiary Level Teaching Hospital In Nepal
Authors: Chapagai Manisha , Dangol Kabin Man , Tulachan Pratiksha
Published: March 2013

Background: Mental health and its related problems are growing concerns over the world. The early onset of emotional and behavioral problem in the young children is related to a variety of health and behavior problems in adolescence. It is a challenging all over the world to determine the epidemiology of childhood mental disorders. Objective: The aim of this study is to sort out the prevalence and predominance of mental illness and their onset of age and sex among the child and adolescent who attended in the child guidance clinic in TUTH. Methodology: A retrospective study of a total of 539 consecutive cases of child and adolescent attended in Child Guidance Clinic TUTH. Diagnosis was made according to the criteria of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, Text Revision. Result: The cases from the age of 0.4 year to 21 years with mean age 8.85±4.08 years. Significantly majority were boys (n=343, 63.6%) and most of from out of the Kathmandu valley (n=300, 53.2%). Significantly most case referred from ENT OPD of TUTH (n=97, 18%) and mental retardation was the commonest (n=81, 15%) followed by conversion disorder (n=77, 14.3%) and anxiety spectrum disorder (n=63, 11.7%) Conclusion: Boys are common in mental illness among child and adolescents. The common diagnoses among child and adolescent are mental retardation, conversion disorder, anxiety spectrum disorders and Autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Nobel Medical College Vol. 2, No.1 Issue 3 Nov.-April 2013 Page 55-63 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jonmc.v2i1.7677
“May everybody witness the Global Peace.”
Authors: Editor The
Published: March 2013

From the desk of Editor-in-chiefNepalese Journal of Radiology; Vol. 2; Issue 2; July-Dec. 2012; DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njr.v2i2.7678
Neurofibromatosis – Imaging Spectrum
Authors: Subbarao Kakarla
Published: March 2013

Nepalese Journal of Radiology; Vol. 2; Issue 2; July-Dec. 2012; 1-12 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njr.v2i2.7679
Diagnostic Value of Ultrasonography in Patients Suspected Acute Appendicitis
Authors: Elahifar MA , Taheri H , Bighamian A
Published: March 2013

Introduction: Appendectomy is one of the most frequently performed abdominal operations in surgical practice. Preoperative imaging has been demonstrated to improve diagnostic accuracy in appendicitis. Abdominal ultrasonography (US) is the most commonly and first-line imaging modality used for diagnosing acute appendicitis (AA).The aim of this study was to demonstrate the diagnostic value of abdominal ultrasonography for diagnosing acute appendicitis. Methods: In a retrospective study, we analyzed 200 consecutive patients with abdominal pain that undergoing appendectomy, from June 2009 to April 2012. Patient characteristics, preoperative ultrasonography (US) and laboratory assessment including WBC were collected. Final diagnosis of appendicitis was confirmed by histopathological examination. Results were compared with US. Results: Two hundred patients were admitted to this study that undergoing appendectomy. Mean age was 24 years (range: 1 to 91 years), and 57% were females. Patient White blood cell counts were found to be high in 78% while it was 86% for AA group and 64% for NA group (p < 0.05). One hundred sixty-six of these patients (83%) were diagnosed as acute appendicitis on pathology, and 34 (17%) were diagnosed differently. 157 of patients underwent US, eighty two of this patients diagnosed as acute appendicitis on US examinations and in 78 of them were also reported as acute appendicitis on histopathological examination. The sensitivity and specificity of abdominal US for diagnosing appendicitis were 70% and 90.2% respectively. Positive predictive value (PPV) was 93% and negative predictive value (NPV) was reported 62%. Conclusion: Ultrasonography has a high PPV and specificity, so as a diagnostic tool, positive US strongly suggests the diagnosis of AA. A low negative predictive value recommends that negative US is not sufficient to exclude the diagnosis of AA and patients could not be managed on an outpatient basis following a negative scan. Nepalese Journal of Radiology; Vol. 2; Issue 2; July-Dec. 2012; 13-19 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njr.v2i2.7680
Fetal Cardiac Interventricular Septal Thickness at 28–37 Weeks of Gestation in Nepalese Population
Authors: Kafle Pankaj , Ansari MA , Khanal U
Published: March 2013

Objective: The purpose of this study is to establish a new reference range for fetal interventricular septal thickness in uncomplicated pregnancy at 28-37 weeks of gestation. Materials and Methodology: This was a prospective cross sectional study involving 300 singleton pregnancies between 28-37 weeks of gestation without any known risk factors of adverse pregnancy outcome who were referred for routine obstetric examination. The protocol included the prenatal 2-dimensional M-mode echocardiographic measurements of fetal IVST and data were used to construct the normograms and percentile fitted curves for different gestational age. The relationship between the IVSD and IVSS and gestational age were determined. Results: A total of 300 measurements were obtained. The normal values of the IVSD and IVSS according to gestational age were presented as 5th, 50th and 95th percentile ranks. The correlation coefficients (r) between the IVSD and IVSS and gestational age were 0.19 and 0.14, respectively. The weak correlation may be probably due to small sample size. The IVSD and IVSS were not statistically different with advancing gestation. The 95th percentile of the IVSD was 4.57 millimeters (mm) (range =4.12 to 4.62 mm) and IVSS was 6.67 mm (range = 5.81 to 6.77 mm). Conclusion: The normal values of fetal IVSD and IVSS in a Nepalese population from 28 to 37 weeks’ gestation were established. This could be used as a baseline data in detecting the asymmetrical septal hypertrophy during fetal life. Nepalese Journal of Radiology; Vol. 2; Issue 2; July-Dec. 2012; 36-42 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njr.v2i2.7683
Working Together towards the Sub-mSv CT Exam
Authors: Denison K
Published: March 2013

Nepalese Journal of Radiology; Vol. 2; Issue 2; July-Dec. 2012; 51-54 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njr.v2i2.7685
Techniques to Lower CT Dose
Authors: Zoltowski P
Published: March 2013

Nepalese Journal of Radiology; Vol. 2; Issue 2; July-Dec. 2012; 55-58 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njr.v2i2.7686
Intrarenal Color Doppler Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Accessory Renal Artery Stenosis
Authors: Rauniyar RK , Srivastava DN , Bal CS , Dash SC , Berry M
Published: March 2013

Conventional color Doppler ultrasonography of main renal artery is a valuable non invasive tool in screening and diagnosing patients with renal artery stenosis. However, this technique suffer a set back from many limitations. Color Doppler ultrasonography examination of intrarenal branch arteries using the parameters like, acceleration time, acceleration time ratio, and acceleration index with additional sampling from upper and lower pole of kidney has shown good results in diagnosis of renal artery stenosis. We successfully diagnosed accessory renal artery stenosis in two patients using intrarenal Doppler technique. We conclude, intra renal Color Doppler ultrasonography with additional sampling from upper and lower pole is most accurate method for diagnosis of significant RAS including accessory RAS. Nepalese Journal of Radiology; Vol. 2; Issue 2; July-Dec. 2012; 59-64 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njr.v2i2.7687
Partial Pericardial Defect in an Asymptomatic Patient and Brief Review of Literature
Authors: Rauniyar RK , Sah PL , Gupta MK , Dhungel K , Ahmad K , Ansari S
Published: March 2013

Congenital absence of pericardium is rare. Pericardial defects can be complete or partial. Partial pericardial defect may be symptomatic. We report a rare case of partial pericardial defect in an asymptomatic patient which was suggested by chest radiograph and confirmed by computed tomography and brief review of literature is also presented. Nepalese Journal of Radiology; Vol. 2; Issue 2; July-Dec. 2012; 65-68 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njr.v2i2.7688
Ganglioneuroblastoma with Extensive Vascular Encasement: A Case Report
Authors: Juneja A , Thakral A , Thakral DA , Hiralal -
Published: March 2013

Ganglioneuroblastoma is a tumor of the sympathetic nervous system in paediatric age group that is intermediate in behavior between ganglioneuroma and neuroblastoma. We present a case of a 3 year old girl who presented with a large long standing abdominal mass. Ultrasonographic features were suggestive of large retroperitoneal mass with calcific foci & extensive vascular encasement consistent with neurogenic tumor. Contrast enhanced computed tomography (CT) performed for staging confirmed these findings while histopathologic diagnosis of ganglioneuroblastoma was achieved by ultrasound guided biopsy. While vascular encasement is known in ganglioneuroblastoma, the scale of vascular encasement in this case is extensive. Nepalese Journal of Radiology; Vol. 2; Issue 2; July-Dec. 2012; 72-75 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njr.v2i2.7690