bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HIGH-TEMPERATURE POLYMER COMPOSITE MATERIALS DEVELOPED FSUE «VIAM» FOR AEROSPACE ENGINEERING: PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE (review)
Authors:   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials», Gunyaeva A.G. , Kurnosov A.O. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials», Gulyaev I.N. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials»
Published: February 2021

The article provides an overview of high-temperature PCM developed at FSUE «VIAM». To create a new aerospace technology, it is necessary to expand the range and develop advanced modern structural PCM with high strength, reduced porosity and increased thermal-oxidative stability, combined with a high level of mechanical characteristics and their preservation in the widest temperature range. FSUE «VIAM» has many years of experience in the development of this class of PCM – the first work on the creation of PCM with an operating temperature of more than 250 °C was received in the 1970s and is currently ongoing.
PROCESSING OF WASTES HIGH-TEMPERATURE HEAT-PROTECTIVE MATERIAL
Authors:   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials», Istomin A.V. , Kolyshev S.G. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials»
Published: February 2021

The assessment of waste generated during the production of high-temperature fiber insulation. A method of waste processing with a minimum number of technological stages is presented. The structure and mechanical characteristics of the obtained material are estimated. Full-scale tests of the material under the influence of high-enthalpy flame flow of propane-oxygen burner were carried out. The resulting material is suitable for the production of furnace linings, heat-resistant substrates and containers, flame screens.
FINANCING RELIGIOUS ORGANISATIONS IN EUROPEAN UNION
Authors:   Assistant, PhD, Economic Sciences Faculty, Lucian Blaga University, Sibiu, TĂVALĂ Florina
Published: February 2021

Serious scientific efforts have been made to construct a generally applicable system with a European perspective based on the individual national systems. These have, however, been met with objections on both a political and an administrative level, with countries insisting on the uniqueness of their own national or even regional models. The purpose of the following essay is, however, to determine the common systematic structures and to distinguish tools of financing so general that they need not be associated with Religious Societies only.
THE SUPPLY CONTRACT: A SIMPLE SALE OF GOOD?
Authors:   Ph. D, University ”Ștefan cel Mare” of Suceava Faculty of Law and Administrative Sciences, CRETU Georgeta , SPASICI Camelia ,   Ph. D., University of Bucharest Faculty of Public Administration and Business
Published: February 2021

This paper aims to address two objectives: in general, to briefly outline the particularities of the supply contract and, in particular, to distinguish its position among the special civil law contracts. The supply contract is a new production of the Civil Code (art. 1166-1771). In this respect it is important to differentiate the supply contract from the other two civil law contract, namely the sale contract and the subcontracting agreement. By defining the contract we aim at establishing its legal nature, particularly that of an independent (distinct) agreement. This paper is structured as follows: “Introduction”; “The Supply Contract. Definition, Object and Legal Characteristics”; “The Parties’ Obligations According to the Supply Contract”; “Modifications of the Legal Supply Relationships. Subcontracting.”; “Supplying: an Independent (distinct) Contract or a Different Form of Sale?” This legal undertaking ends with a lege ferenda and conclusions.
Potrzeby i marzenia seniorów jako czynniki pomyślnego starzenia się
Authors: Rejter Małgorzata
Published: February 2021

Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja potrzeb i marzeń seniorów, które uważane są w literaturze za czynnik pomyślnego starzenia się. Ważnym aspektem poruszanym w opracowaniu są również potrzeby zdrowotne, opiekuńcze i mieszkaniowe seniorów. Trudno poznać i zrozumieć spersonalizowane potrzeby starszych ludzi tylko poprzez wykorzystanie metod statystycznych czy ekonometrycznych. Dlatego jako główną metodę jakościową w pracy zastosowano wywiady przeprowadzone z kilkorgiem seniorów. Tylko dzięki takim bezpośrednim badaniom społecznym możemy zrozumieć ich potrzeby i marzenia. Realizacja możliwych do spełniania marzeń, a nawet same marzenia, stanowią cząstkę szczęścia, które przyczynia się do wydłużenia życia. Stan zdrowia seniorów wpływa w istotny sposób na ich zdolności do właściwego rozpoznawania i oceny rzeczywistości. Zły stan zdrowia ogranicza możliwość samodzielnego funkcjonowania w przestrzeni miejskiej. Kończy się to izolacją w mieszkaniu, która daje niekorzystne efekty, polegające na braku satysfakcji, i nie pozwala realizować swoich potrzeb oraz spełniać marzeń. Zidentyfikowane potrzeby i marzenia seniorów mogą pomóc w podejmowaniu odpowiednich działań dostosowujących przestrzeń miasta do ich wymagań i możliwości.
Verbal explication of (intra-)inter-event causal relations in the story-telling: Comparative study of primary language-impaired and typically-developed pre-schoolers
Authors: Kornev Aleksandr , Balčiūnienė Ingrida
Published: February 2021

The current study aimed at evaluating children’s ability to explicate verbally the cause-and-effect relations between the events, sequentially organized actions of the characters and their goal-out-come connections. The subjects of our study, i.e. 12 typically-developing (TD) and 12 primarily language-impaired (PLI) Russian preschoolers (mean age 76 months) were asked to tell a story according to a picture sequence. A dual analysis of the verbal explication of causal relations was carried out: 1) during the semantic quantitative analysis of narrative coherence, two types of relations between the events or the characters’ actions were estimated: (a) verbally explicated causal relations and (b) semantic relations explicated by sequencing the actions following the “post hoc ergo propter hoc” presupposition (Sanders, 2005); 2) an analysis of the linguistic causal relations was based on a distribution of causal vs. non-causal connectives, such as conjunctions and discourse markers, in the narratives. The statistical analysis revealed significantly infrequent use of causal connectives in the PLI children if compared to the TD peers. As for the semantic relations, the score for the causal relation index was significantly lower in the PLI children than in the TD peers, contrary to the score for the semantic relation index. Among the linguistic devices used for an explication for causal relations, however, only the percentage of causal conjunctions was significant between the groups.
Career choice narratives: engineering personality types?
Authors: Moir James
Published: February 2021

Psychological models have portrayed career choice narratives in terms of personality dimensions. In contrast to this approach, the research reported on in this study employs a conversation analytic perspective in order to examine the deployment of career choice narratives in terms of intelligibility and accountability. Engineering students on a degree programme were interviewed about their career choice. The responses given are examined for the display of membership categories in terms of personality characteristics commonly associated with engineering. Rather than revealing a psychological construct of a personality, the responses are considered as themselves being engineered to address the display of rational agency and deliberation in arriving at a career choice.
Conflicto armado en Guatemala: reconstrucción histórica y memoria colectiva del pueblo maya chuj
Authors: López Bracamonte Fabiola Manyari
Published: February 2021

A principios de 1980 se desencadenó una de las más intensas y atroces represiones militares en la larga historia de violencia política de Guatemala. En el marco de las disputas de la Guerra fría los pueblos mayas se volvieron enemigos internos para los proyectos nacionales, por lo que las estrategias de terror se ensañaron con ellos, obligándoles a desplazarse para resguardar su vida física y cultural. Aunque la violencia de Estado marcó una ruptura, experiencias como las del pueblo maya chuj se erigen como ejemplo de resistencia física y simbólica. Con el objetivo de aportar nuevos datos de análisis y reflexión en torno a la violencia ejercida sobre los pueblos mayas en Guatemala, este artículo realiza una reconstrucción histórica de esos acontecimientos retomando aspectos de la memoria histórica y la memoria colectiva del pueblo maya chuj. Para ello se analizan la cualidad de las interacciones políticas, sociales y culturales de los aspectos esenciales que desencadenaron, acompañaron y marcaron el contexto del conflicto armado, el desplazamiento forzado, el resguardo y el refugio en México, así como el retorno y repatriación a Guatemala del pueblo chuj.
Platería, perlas y negocios en la primera mitad del siglo XVI. Alonso de Oviedo y su protagonismo en la Sevilla americana y mercantil
Authors: Herrera García Francisco Javier
Published: February 2021

En el presente trabajo nos aproximaremos al complejo y dinámico contexto histórico de la Sevilla de la primera mitad del XVI, cuando la actividad comercial y financiera adquieren cotas nunca antes conocidas en Europa, gracias a las ingentes posibilidades de transacciones propiciadas por el Nuevo Mundo. Los protagonistas de aquel impulso vital, tanto españoles como de otros puntos de Europa, resultan parcialmente conocidos. Día a día surgen nuevos ejemplos del prototipo de «hombre de negocios con Indias». Alonso de Oviedo, aquí analizado, ayuda a comprender con más amplitud el espacio temporal, humano y económico indicado. Su perfil sobrepasa las constantes habituales de esta tipología, pues añade a su dedicación mercantil, una actividad artística muy vinculada al desarrollo económico mencionado, como es el arte de la platería, también explorado en estas líneas. La relación con el negocio de perlas y aljófar encaja dentro de uno de los capítulos que mayor interés despertaron en la sociedad europea de la época, asociado al lujo y al misterio de los mares y tierras lejanas. La investigación parte de abundante documentación inédita procedente del Archivo General de Indias y Archivo Histórico Provincial, ambos de Sevilla.
ABC frente a las huelgas generales en la época socialista en España, 1985-1994: imaginario, tópicos, prejuicios de clase e información periodística
Authors: Gálvez Biesca Sergio
Published: February 2021

El presente artículo propone un estudio de caso inédito, en torno a la estrategia y la línea editorial del ABC frente a las huelgas generales convocadas por las principales centrales sindicales durante la primera época socialista en España (1982-1996). Dentro de este marco contextual, se examinan las potencialidades y las dificultades de emplear los medios de comunicación como fuentes históricas, a través de las cuales se puede leer un contexto, ubicar series y, entre otras, conocer expresiones de la sociedad en un momento determinado. Por último, el texto cuestiona determinadas ideas-fuerzas sobre el supuesto carácter de medio riguroso y serio del ABC, como expresión social la presa está cargada de parámetros ideológicos, identiarios, que pueden leerse en los editoriales, que para el caso que nos ocupa refleja los intereses de las éliteseconómicas españolas.
Asentamiento indígena de Hunza anterior a la conquista. Una mirada desde los imaginarios
Authors: Portilla Tarazona Jairo Arturo
Published: February 2021

El objetivo de esta investigación fue establecer cómo la comunidad indígena de Hunza mantenía en el siglo XVI, a la llegada de los españoles, algunos centros ceremoniales y simbólicos como proceso natural y cultural que hicieron parte de sus imaginarios e identidades colectivas. Al respecto, se abordó el estudio del espacio geográfico del asentamiento de Hunza, de acuerdo con las características físicas del paisaje y su relieve, así mismo, se establecieron relaciones entre el espacio geográfico y los imaginarios construidos por sus  habitantes, que son expresión de su cosmogonía.
Editorial. Medios de comunicación: la mediatización del pasado
Authors: Gálvez Biesca Sergio
Published: February 2021

Editorial
Ambientalización curricular. El Covid-19, nuevos énfasis para la educación
Authors: Bravo Maria Teresa
Published: February 2021

La ambientalización curricular ha sido promovida desde el campo de la educación ambiental para la formación ambiental —con criterios de sustentabilidad— de las futuras generaciones que desarrollarán las prácticas profesionales para las que han sido formados. Las instituciones de educación superior se consideran agentes de cambio social que aportan soluciones a problemas sociales críticos y forman a los futuros profesionales. Sin embargo, juegan un papel paradójico, porque, en buena medida, han contribuido a la generación de los problemas ambientales y de insostenibilidad. Se ha propuesto examinar críticamente el tipo de formación profesional que ha sido promovida desde las universidades, a fin de refrendar su compromiso con el cuidado y el mantenimiento de las propiedades ecosistémicas de la naturaleza. En el presente trabajo, se hace un recuento sintético de las orientaciones de la ambientalización curricular antes de la pandemia del covid-19. Se desarrollan algunas aproximaciones sobre la aparición del coronavirus en la vida de los seres humanos. Debido a ello, las orientaciones que ahora está adquiriendo el trabajo de la ambientalización curricular presentan nuevos énfasis en la problemática ambiental para los espacios educativos.
Etnoecología en el aula de clase: una propuesta para la formación docente contextualizada en comunidades tradicionales
Authors: Martins Karina Vieira , Baptista Geilsa Costa Santos , Almeida Rosiléia Oliveira de
Published: February 2021

En el presente artículo, presentamos y discutimos los resultados de una investigación que tuvo como objetivo analizar intervenciones didácticas desarrolladas por docentes en formación inicial en biología durante un curso de extensión universitaria centrado en la enseñanza de la ecología intercultural. El abordaje del trabajo es cualitativo con un análisis del enfoque comunicativo de las intervenciones desarrolladas por los docentes en formación inicial. Con base en los datos presentados, es posible inferir que los docentes en formación inicial no pudieron insertar con precisión el diálogo intercultural con los estudiantes, lo que revela un enfoque comunicativo de tipo interactivo de autoridad durante las intervenciones. Sin embargo, nos dimos cuenta de que había una intención de promover el diálogo intercultural y la inclusión de elementos etnoecológicos en sus clases. Este trabajo indica que la formación de profesores de biología sensibles a la diversidad cultural es un proceso lento y complejo, que no debe acontecer en momentos específicos durante el periodo de formación inicial, sino, más bien, debe estimular en los estudiantes universitarios experiencias más extensas sobre la relación entre universidad y escuela.
State of the art on critical environmental education at the Research Meeting on Environmental Education
Authors: Silveira Dieison Prestes da , Lorenzetti Leonir
Published: February 2021

Critical environmental education [CEE] is presented as an important form of social intervention, since it helps in the promotion and understanding of socio-environmental problems in their multiple dimensions. Thus, in this article, the research on CEE, presented at the Research Meeting on Environmental Education [RMEE], in the time period between 2001 and 2019, was analyzed, taking into account its possibilities as a means of scientific communication, since it allows the debate about environmental education and its connections in the contemporary world. The methodology was based on a state-of-the-art research. 898 works were found in the archives of the RMEE. Forty-one papers with the term critical environmental education in their title were analyzed. For the analysis, descriptors and categories were created. Discursive textual analysis was adopted to interpret the data. In 2017 and 2015, there was the largest number of publications of works related to CEE. It is observed that CEE enables a new perspective on issues related to nature and society, as well as on emerging situations in the contemporary world, through the reflection on the quality of life and actions related to nature and society.
Antiproliferative Effect of Green Papaya on Lymphocytic Leukemic Cells
Authors: Allqmani Zainab , Greene Alexus , Li Haiwen , Reza Rafie , Beyer Andrea R , Sarah M Sarah M , Kaseloo Paul A , Siddiqui Rafat A
Published: February 2021

Numerous edible plants have been reported to interfere with the carcinogenic process, and therefore, the regular consumption of these plant products may reduce the risk of developing cancer. We investigated the effect of papaya fruit and leaves on the cell proliferation of Jurkat T-lymphocytic and Daudi B-lymphocytic leukemia cells. Cells were treated with aqueous or methanolic extracts from leaves, skin, pulp, and seeds from green papaya. The papaya fractions were tested for total phenolic content, total flavonoids content, and anti-oxidation activity using chemical assays. Cell proliferation was measured using a WST-1 assay. Our data indicate that methanol and water extracts of seeds and leaves contained higher concentrations of total phenolic compounds and higher anti-oxidation activity than that of extracts from skin and pulp. Both methanol and water extracts from leaves and skin potently inhibited the proliferation of leukemic Jurkat T-cells and Daudi B-cells. However, the effect was more potent on Jurkat T-cells, and the leaf extracts were more effective than that of skin extracts. None of the pulp or seed extracts showed inhibitory activity on leukemic cell proliferation. Although papaya leaves are not consumed as a food, leaf extracts have been used for the treatment of various conditions, including dengue and malaria fevers, gastric ulcers, low platelet counts, and cancers of the breast, lung, and cervix. Our data suggest that the consumption of papaya leaf extracts may also be beneficial in preventing and/or treating lymphocytic cancer. Isolation of active compounds from papaya leaves will also help in developing new drugs for cancer treatment.
ANALIZA PROBLEMA U PREVOĐENJU SA KINESKOG NA ENGLESKI NATPISA U JAVNOM PROSTORU
Authors: Sekeruš Hoenn Darja, P.
Published: February 2021

Ulice kineskih gradova danas su pune natpisa na engleskom jeziku, uputstava, reklama i informacija namenjenih strancima, prevedenih sa kineskog. Međutim taj engleski jezik je daleko od engleskog jezičkog standarda. Tu činjenicu zapazili su mnogi turisti i stranci koji žive u Kini, koji obavezno fotografišu bar jedan takav natpis na „smešnom engleskom“. Rad je pokušaj analize i uzroka grešaka koje nastaju u prevođenju natpisa u javnom prostoru sa kineskog na engleski. Pored velikih razlika u karakteristikama dva jezika, nedostatak stručnih prevodilaca i prekomerna upotreba softvera za prevođenje, koju ne prati stručna redakcija prevoda, još je jedno od objašnjenja ove pojave. Uostalom, mnogi od natpisa na engleskom jeziku u javnom prostoru u Kini i nisu namenjeni strancima, već „komuniciraju“ sa lokalnim stanovništvom i imaju više dekorativni nego informativni karakter jer stvaraju privid internacionalizacije.
Developmental influences on pig behaviour
Authors:   University of Saskatchewan, Canada, Miguel-Pacheco Giuliana , Seddon Yolande M. ,   University of Saskatchewan, Canada
Published: February 2021

This chapter reviews developmental influences on pig behaviour. It begins by discussing prenatal environmental effects on development of pig behaviour, focusing on aspects such as pre-conception and post-conception environments on offspring and piglet behaviour. It also touches on prenatal housing conditions, maternal nutrition, heat stress, infectious diseases and sow management. The chapter moves on to discuss environmental effects during the early postnatal period on the development of behaviour, before concluding with a summary of how swine production systems have gone through various management changes to provide for sow welfare.
Optimising pig welfare in breeding and gestation
Authors:   University of Melbourne, Australia, Hemsworth Paul H.
Published: February 2021

This chapter considers factors affecting the welfare of pigs during breeding and gestation and provides recommendations on optimising their welfare in commercial conditions. The chapter concludes with a summary of the main findings and a discussion of future opportunities to safeguard pig welfare.
Optimising sow and piglet welfare during farrowing and lactation
Authors:   Animal Behaviour and Welfare Team, Animal and Veterinary Sciences Research Group, SRUC, UK, Baxter Emma M. , Edwards Sandra ,   Newcastle University, UK
Published: February 2021

Optimising welfare in the farrowing and lactation environment involves resolving the concerns regarding continued use of close confinement systems, such as the farrowing crate for the sows and the lack of provision of environmental enrichment to provide for behavioural needs. For piglets the main welfare and health issues surround high levels of piglet mortality and the pre-disposing risk factors associated with them. Some of these risk factors, such as low birth weight, have been exacerbated by narrow breeding goals focussed on production traits such as increasing litter size. This chapter will concentrate on managerial and environmental interventions that attempt to reconcile the behavioural and physiological needs of both the sow and piglets to optimise their welfare whilst appreciating stockperson concerns with how best to implement them.
Optimising pig welfare at the weaning and nursery stage
Authors:   University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Germany, Kemper Nicole
Published: February 2021

The welfare of pigs at the nursery stage is an area of special concern because of the manifold influencing factors that have the potential to decrease seriously the piglets’ wellbeing. Especially the separation from their mother sow in combination with a very young weaning age in modern pig farming, the new environment they are brought in, hitherto unknown sources of feed and water, and regrouping with non-litter mates represent big challenges. To help the piglets as best as possible to overcome these challenges is key for animal welfare, health and performance. In this chapter, the most important fields of environmental, nutritional and social stress are explained, and strategies to increase weaners’ welfare are summarised. The importance of trained and skilled stockmen is emphasised, because without a careful eye on the piglets and consideration of all possible negative and positive influencing factors, pig welfare at the nursery stage cannot be realised.
Understanding and preventing tail biting in pigs
Authors:   Newcastle University, UK, Edwards Sandra , Valros Anna ,   University of Helsinki, Finland
Published: February 2021

Tail biting is a behavioural problem of pigs which is associated with welfare detriment for both the perpetrator and victim. It is seen to some extent on most farms worldwide and causes considerable economic loss, leading to widespread adoption of tail docking for risk reduction. Its occurrence is often sporadic and unpredictable, as a result of the many different combinations of chronic and acute risk factors which can be present on individual farms. Understanding of the underlying (neuro)physiological mechanisms which lead an individual pig to initiate tail biting is still incomplete, but stress, pro-inflammatory cytokine production, changes in amino acid metabolism and serotonergic brain pathways have been implicated. Rearing pigs with undocked tails and without tail biting is still challenging in commercial practice and requires a high quality of management and stockmanship to minimise risk, detect early warning signs of biting and intervene appropriately.
The role of enrichment in optimizing pig behaviour and welfare
Authors:   Institute of Behavioural Physiology – Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology Dummerstorf, Germany, Düpjan Sandra , Moscovice Liza R. ,   Institute of Behavioural Physiology – Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology Dummerstorf, Germany, Puppe Birger ,   Institute of Behavioural Physiology – Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology Dummerstorf, Germany,   University of Rostock, Germany
Published: February 2021

Modern pig housing environments provide animals with essential resources, but from an animal’s point of view, they are quite barren and deprive them of the opportunity to make full use of their natural behavioural repertoire and actively work for these resources. The lack of stimulation resulting from such environments compromises animal welfare. This issue can be addressed by providing environmental enrichment, which comprises all aspects of an animal’s environment that facilitate engagement in species-specific behaviours. In this chapter, we provide an overview of different types of enrichment, ranging from artificial point-source objects to social and cognitive enrichment. We discuss the existing body of evidence for welfare-enhancing effects of different enrichment, focussing on whether potential enrichment promotes natural behaviours, reduces abnormal behaviours, and whether effects are sustainable over the long-term. We conclude with a comparative evaluation of enrichment from an animal welfare perspective, highlighting the potential of social and cognitive enrichment.
Physiological and behavioral responses to disease in pigs
Authors:   North Carolina State University, USA, Pairis-Garcia M. D. , Wagner B. K. ,   North Carolina State University, USA
Published: February 2021

This chapter provides critical information on the physiological and behavioral responses common to pigs experiencing disease and describe animal-based outcomes directly impacted during a disease state. In addition, timely tools to prevent and monitor disease at the herd level are discussed and disease prevention techniques are described. Lastly, the chapter explores strategies for managing sick pigs as the critical next step when prevention is unsuccessful.
Advances in technologies for monitoring pig welfare
Authors:   University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria, Oczak Maciej , Maschat Kristina ,   FFoQSI GmbH, Austria, Baumgartner Johannes ,   University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
Published: February 2021

The pig sector undergoes a major transformation characterized by intensification, geographic concentration, vertical integration and increasing scales of production. This creates new challenges for animal welfare. Sensor technology offers multiple advantages for monitoring key indicators of welfare in pigs that can help addressing these new challenges in the pig sector. Technology allows continuous and objective monitoring on individual and group level, on multiple farms and also in various environments. Real-time implementation of sensor based monitoring systems makes it possible to detect a problem and to take immediate action to improve the life of the animal under consideration. This chapter reviews recent advances in technologies for monitoring key indicators of pig welfare by considering good feeding, good housing, good health and appropriate behaviour. It presents how accelerometer based nest-building detection system can contribute to improvement of pig welfare and major future trends in development of monitoring technology.
Rubén Darío en el debate sobre la literatura nacional nicaragüense
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de la Pampa, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas, Instituto de Investigaciones Lingüísticas y Discursivas, Moro Diana
Published: February 2021

The debate on literature in Nicaragua, at various moments in the country’s history, is elaborated on the figure, aesthetics, and work of Rubén Darío. Not only the birth and death of the poet on vernacular soil are central aspects in the appropriation made, but above all, the international cultural capital built through his wandering life and cosmopolitanism in his work. The appropriation of his aesthetics, as well as the distancing and debates about his contribution, persist in various moments of Nicaraguan literary history. We will explore some interventions by Nicaraguan intellectuals who are members of the Avant-garde Group, above all, their subsequent critical review and the contribution that Ventana magazine made in the 1960s. Finally, it will be observed that during the revolutionary decade, 1979-1989, the figure of Darío concentrates, at least, two simultaneous appropriations, the “anti-imperialist” and the “half-blood”. Both perspectives coincide in the conviction that, in Nicaragua, there would be no literature without the magisterium of Darío.
¿Un cronista provinciano? Dos textos desconocidos de Rubén Darío en El Orden de Tucumán
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de Hurlingham, Caresani Rodrigo Javier
Published: February 2021

Hand in hand with recent theoretical and empirical developments related to the notion of archive, the field of Spanish American Modernism Studies is currently undergoing a stage of profound transformation. The validity in Literary Studies of a “new” philology not only highlights problems in the editions of classical texts from the fin de siècle period, but also invites researchers to review the clichés associated with this movement. In this sense, the case of Rubén Darío (1867-1916), whose texts remain in a state of notable precariousness, is exemplary. This article comments and recovers two unknown chronicles published in El Orden, a local newspaper in the Argentine province of Tucumán, that were written by this author. Besides their evident documental value, these texts, which were conceived at the farewell to his residence in Buenos Aires in 1898, acquire relevance if they are connected to the concerns that Darío will cultivate on his imminent trip to Europe. On one hand, they can be read as yet another episode of Buenosairean “calibanism”; on the other hand, they can be understood as an anticipation of a critical perspective towards the mythification of the concept of progress in the Parisian Universal Exhibition of 1900.
Aproximación histórica a los inicios del boxeo femenino y las circunstancias del surgimiento del deporte olímpico de las mujeres = Historical approach to the beginnings of women's boxing and the circumstances of the appearance of women's Olympic sport
Authors: Martínez-Gorroño Mª Eugenia , Calle-Molina María Teresa
Published: February 2021

El inicio del boxeo femenino y su primer combate dentro de los eventos que constituyeron los Juegos de San Luis de 1904 se produjo a pesar de no contar con el beneplácito ni de Coubertin ni de otros sectores sociales médicos, que argumentaban los problemas de salud que los esfuerzos físicos excesivos podían implicar para las mujeres. Por otra parte, ciertos sectores del “cuarto poder” que ya comenzaba a ser la prensa, encontraban en las competiciones deportivas femeninas una fuente de titulares expuestos como esperpénticos para conseguir aumentar sus lectores. Era una oportunidad de ridiculizar y utilizar de mofa a las pocas deportistas que osaban iniciarse. Aquellos aspectos, al igual que los condicionantes relativos al rol social de las mujeres, determinaron un posicionamiento del Comité Olímpico Internacional que se prolongó durante un siglo, influyendo decisivamente en laincorporación tan tardía que la práctica del boxeo femenino ha experimentado en las estructuras deportivas. La evolución de los criterios del Movimiento Olímpico actual, al respecto del deporte de lasmujeres ha sido definitiva a partir de la labor de Juan Antonio Samaranch. AbstractThe beginning of feminine boxing and its first combat within the events that constituted the 1904 San Luis Games took place in spite of not having the approval of either Coubertin or other medical social sectors, who argued the health problems that excessive physical efforts could imply for women. On the other hand, certain sectors of the "fourth estate", which was already beginning to be the press, found inwomen's sports competitions a source of headlines that were exposed as bizarre in order to increase their readership. It was an opportunity to ridicule and make fun of the few athletes who dared to start. Those aspects, as well as the conditioning factors related to the social role of women, determined a position of the International Olympic Committee that lasted for a century, decisively influencing the late incorporation of the practice of female boxing into sports structures. The evolution of the criteria of the current Olympic Movement, with respect to women's sport, has been definitive since the work of Juan Antonio Samaranch.
The Solution to Graviton as Goldstone Boson
Authors: Verma Aayush
Published: February 2021

The study of Graviton as Goldstone bosons appeared in the 1960s, after Bjorken interacting idea of Electrodynamics. However, no recent advancement has been done in the field, because of very constraints as well as low-attractiveness of the theory. We do the non-metric tensor (covariant derivative of the metric tensor) case of Gravitation and eventually get SO(1,3) broken in the vacuum state of quantized field theory, then find the Graviton as Goldstone Boson. We, in final, see that Gravitons can have appearances in many modified (and extended) theories of Gravitation.
Analysis of Tug of War Competition. A Narrative Complete Review
Authors: Cayero Ruth , Rocandio Valentín , Calleja-González Julio , Martínez de Aldama Inmaculada
Published: February 2021

Tug-of-war (TOW) is an internationally played activity including professional and amateur athletes and defined as early (4000 years ago as a rope less version) in the artwork on Egyptian tomb engravings and is played as per the rules laid out by TWIF, which has 73 member countries and administrative headquarters in the USA. Typically, two teams of “pullers” participate and apply enormous contra directional forces on the pulling rope. Originally, two types of competition are used: knockout and points. This narrative review describes the scientific state of the art about of TOW. For the best of the author’s knowledge no previous information has been published.
What Food will We be Eating in Space in the Future?
Authors: Lewandowski Krzysztof , Stryjska Aleksandra
Published: February 2021

The aim of this article is to show the potential of space flight and related research. The authors analyze the conditions of space flight and the associated possible threats that may occur. It is assumed that the basic problem is cosmic radiation, which not only can significantly affect the health of astronauts, but also prevent potential cultivation of plants or animal breeding on board a spacecraft. The solution to this problem proposed in the article is a shield which provides re-sistance to collisions with high kinetic energy particles, while reducing the speed of corpuscular radiation. An important part of the article is a detailed analysis of various biotechnological and bioengineering methods that could be used for food production on board a spacecraft. The au-thors indicate that technological development in the field of bioprinting or genetic modification of organisms may play a key role in the success of long-distance technological missions. Moreover, the organisms mentioned in the work, such as algae, fungi and insects, are indicated as a potential source of energy for future colonizers. In sum, the research covers both the field of engineering and biotechnology, as well as the possibility of checking these technological methods in the test flights.
Development of a Needs-Based Essential Care Service Package for Institutional Dementia Care in China
Authors: Sun Tongda , Meng Hongdao , Zhu Mingze , Dong Xiaoxin , Tu Naidan , Sun Ning , Jia Rangcheng
Published: February 2021

Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) remain a public health challenge in developing counties. We developed a needs-based essential care service package (ECSP) for care planning of persons living with dementia (PLWD) using a cross-sectional survey among PLWD in institutions in six cities in China (n= 1,299). Face-to-face interviews were conducted with caregivers of PLWD by trained staff between 2018 and 2019. Care service needs and utilization by the level of cognitive impairment were summarized. The average age of PLWD was 80.7 years. 76% of participants had severe cognitive impairment. The needs-based ECSP with 30 service items would be sufficient in supporting care services of PLWD in China, of which seven items are core care. The selection plan for ECSP at different levels is designed as “General Care Services + Selective Care Services”, in which service items for low-, mid-and high-level care for PLWD are 7+3, 7+6, and 7+10, respectively. The findings provide the first large-scale data on service needs and utilization of PLWD in mainland China. The ECSP for PLWD advanced in the paper was a practicable and effective quantitative management means. It is deserved to application in a large scale.
Study on the In-Depth Reasons and Mechanisms of Globalization and Anti-Globalization
Authors: Yisha Ma
Published: February 2021

Since the financial crisis in 2008, the U.S. economy has weakened, and the world economy has slowly developed. As the world's leading country, the United States has used many methods to restore the economy. But it does work efficiently. However, there are many issues in developed countries such as domestic social, economic, immigration in the United States/United Kingdom; those are not optimistic. Developed countries have entered a dilemma. The neoliberalism financial system has been unable to move forward. Populists have pointed out that those problems have been causing by globalization. Under the leadership of the Brexit Referendum, President Trump has caused a wave of anti-globalization. Under a series of systems such as the China-US trade war and the US-Mexico border wall repairs, the anti-globalization trend is getting stronger. This article mainly analyzes the in-depth reasons and mechanism research of globalization and anti-globalization alternately—the data obtained from an international method performance study. The results show that anti-globalization is temporary, along with globalization. There are three main factors affecting globalization: the situation of the dominant country, natural disasters, and wars. After so much literature review, I believe that the United States' globalization is gradually weakening, and globalization may return to regionalization under the United States' opposition.
A New Thermal Energy Storage Technology for Power System Services
Authors: Acri Romano , Bassetti Fulvio , Falvo Maria Carmen , Magaldi Letizia , Manganelli Matteo , Romagnoli Lorenzo , Santi Federico
Published: February 2021

The decarbonization of the electrical energy sector is in progress for contrasting the climate changes, with a relevant increase of the Renewable Energy Sources (RES) power plants, mostly in Dispersed Generation (DG). The adequacy and the security of power systems, with a huge penetration of RES in DG is possible with a suitable integration of energy storage. In fact, energy storages are able to provide many different services for long-term adequacy and real time security. In this framework the present paper deals with a Thermal Energy Storage (TES) proposed for power system services. The technology presented is made up of modules containing a bed of fluidizable solid particles, which can store thermal energy from waste heat, process heat and/or from electricity. Stored thermal energy can be released, e.g. as superheated steam, for thermal uses or converted into electricity, by means of steam turbines. Some possible applications are then reported explaining advantages and limits.
Micromechanical Model for Fatigue Limit of Metal Additive Manufacturing Parts and Materials
Authors: Laukkanen Anssi , Andersson Tom , Lindroos Matti , Pinomaa Tatu
Published: February 2021

Fatigue remains a challenge especially for high end metal AM parts and materials. From a design perspective, the fatigue limit of an AM solution can be improved upon by optimizing the manufacturing process for a certain material and part. In addition, improved accuracy of design methodologies aids in capturing the features critical for fatigue and quantifies their significance to desired part lifetime as well as providing a basis for their avoidance. In current work we present an overall concept merging thermomechanical process and powder bed solidification modeling to micromechanical analysis of fatigue of the resulting material microstructure. Material features critical to fatigue, particularly surface roughness, internal defects such as porosity and cracks and on the other hand inclusions, can be assessed directly on the basis of AM part microstructure with respect to the resulting fatigue limit. Case analyses consist of maraging steel and nickel alloys. The overall scheme provides a basis for optimization of metal AM solutions against fatigue and multiscale modeling founded basis for fatigue design.
Digitalization and Innovative Management of Traditional Manufacturing Industry
Authors: Zhao Minhua
Published: February 2021

Purpose- This study seeks to investigate the collaboration between Digitalization and traditional manufacturing industry and investigate, how digitalized management brings new chances and challenges of management. Design/methodology/approach – The author designed a content analytical study researching the role of digitalization in traditional manufacturing industries. The article presents a selective but systematical review of recent digitalization trend and digital twin to be applied for innovative management in Industry 4.0 era. Findings– Digitalization is highly correlated with traditional manufactory in Industry 4.0 era. The study brings a new outlook on the next wave of Digitalization and review of associated challenges and opportunities for management and innovation in traditional manufacturing industries. Research limitations/implications – The research focuses on two branches of traditional industries only: machine tools building and metalworking industries. Future research needs to examine other traditional industries. The research is limited to 2 high related traditional manufacturing industries, machine tools and metalworking industry. Practical implications – The study and application of digitalization should be highly recommended and launched in traditional manufacturing industries. Universities, institutes and vocational schools should update, optimize their courses systems according to prediction of future industry. Originality/value – The paper enhances understanding about the collaboration between digitalization and traditional manufacturing industry. This paper analyzes an important issue the digitalization serves traditional industries. It is unique in its broad analysis of the related terms – Digitalization, Machines 4.0, Industry 4.0 and innovative management in Industry 4.0 era.
Could Information Energy resolve Hubble Tension?
Authors: Gough Michael Paul
Published: February 2021

Stellar heated gas and dust has a universe total entropy/information content of ~10^86 bits. At typical temperatures ~10^7 the equivalent N kB T ln(2) information energy ~10^70 J is comparable to the mc2 of the universe’s ~10^53 kg of baryons. At low red-shifts, z<1.35 this dark energy contribution provides a near constant energy density, with an equation of state parameter, w=-1.03±0.05, effectively emulating a cosmological constant to within 1.8% in Hubble parameter, H(a). Earlier, z>1.35, the information energy contribution was phantom, w=-1.82±0.08. This dark energy differs from the cosmological constant by △w0= -0.03±0.05 and △wa= -0.79±0.08, sufficient to account for the value of the ‘Hubble Tension’ between early and late universe H0 values. An information energy model will fit most observations as well as Ʌ, and also resolve Hubble tension and cosmological coincidence problems. Furthermore, information energy could also account for many effects previously attributed to dark matter.
KUALITAS MUFFIN DENGAN KOMBINASI TEPUNG SORGUM (Sorghum bicolor) DAN TEPUNG KACANG MERAH (Phaseolus vulgaris)
Authors: Gunawan Anita , Pranata Franciscus Sinung , Swasti Yuliana Reni
Published: February 2021

Muffin is a cake whose manufacturing process is very easy, practical and fast. In this study, muffin with a combination sorghum flour and red bean flour are expected to be preferred because have a good nutritional content, especially fiber content. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding sorghum and red bean flour to the chemical, physical, and microbiological qualities of the muffins and to determine the best concentration of adding sorghum flour and red bean flour. The experimental design in this study was a completely randomized design with variations of wheat flour, sorghum flour and red bean flour as much as 100: 0: 0 (K), 65: 30: 5 (A), 70:20:10 (B) and 75. : 10:15 (C). The parameters tested in this study included chemical, physical, and microbiological qualities. The results showed that the muffins with the best treatment were the combination of wheat flour, sorghum flour and red bean flour 75: 15: 10%. Muffins with the best treatment containing 25.99% water content, 1.46% ash content, 20.15% fat content, 9.02% protein content, 39.62% carbohydrate content, 12.11% insoluble fiber content, soluble fiber content of 3.92%, texture 133.5 g and microbiological tests which include total plate and yeast mold numbers that meet the SNI standards for sweet bread (SNI 01-2840-1995).
Peranan Procedural Justice sebagai Mediasi antara Personality dengan Citizenship Behavior toward Environment Siswa
Authors: Utami Balqis Wahyu , Putrawan I Made , Suryanda Ade
Published: February 2021

This research was aimed at finding out the effect of Personality on students’ Citizenship Behavior Toward Environment mediated by Procedural Justice. The method used is causal survey by selecting 74 junior high school students in Jakarta randomly. There were four instruments measured, Personality (25 items with a reliability coefficient .859), Procedural Justice (24 items with a reliability coefficient .866), and Citizenship Behavior Toward Environment (26 items with a reliability coefficient .875). Data analyzed by path analysis. The research results showed that Personality and Procedural Justice directly and significantly affected Citizenship Behavior Toward Environment, Personality directly and significantly affected Procedural Justice, then Personality indirectly and significantly affected on Citizenship Behavior Toward Environment mediated by Procedural Justice. Therefore, it can be interpreted that Procedural Justice was a good mediator. Based on those results, it could be concluded that if students’ Citizenship Behavior Toward Environment would like to be improved positively, it’s should be minimized the variations factors such as personality and procedural justice by introducing and implementing procedurally fair environmental education, especially during the pandemic.