bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Astronomical Seeing with Neural Networks at the Maidanak Observatory
Authors: Shikhovtsev Artem Yu. , Kiselev Alexander V. , Kovadlo Pavel G. , Kopylov Evgeniy A. , Kirichenko Kirill E. , Ehgamberdiev Shuhrat A. , Tillayev Yusufjon A.
Published: December 2023

In the present article, we study the possibilities of machine learning for estimation of seeing at the Maidanak Astronomical Observatory (38∘40′24′′N, 66∘53′47′′E) using only Era-5 re-analysis data. Seeing is usually associated with the integral of the turbulence strength Cn2(z) over the height z. Based on the seeing measurements accumulated over 13 years we created ensemble models of multi-layer neural networks under the machine learning framework, including training and validation. For the first time in the world, we have simulated optical turbulence (seeing variations) during night-time with deep neural networks trained on a 13-year database of astronomical seeing. A set of neural networks for simulations of night-time seeing variations have been obtained. For these neural networks the linear correlation coefficient ranges from 0.48 to 0.68. We show that modeled seeing with neural networks is well described through meteorological parameters, which include wind speed components, air temperature, humidity and turbulent surface stresses. One of the fundamental new results is that the structure of small-scale (optical) turbulence over the Maidanak Astronomical Observatory does not depend or depends negligibly on the vortex component of atmospheric flows.
Characteristics of Abnormalities in Somatosensory Submodalities Observed in Residents Exposed to Methylmercury
Authors: Takaoka Shigeru , Fujino Tadashi , Shigeoka Shin-ichi , Yorifuji Takashi
Published: December 2023

Hundreds of thousands of people living along the Yatsushiro Sea coast have been exposed to methylmercury from the contaminated water of the Chisso factory in Minamata. Methylmercury causes neurological deficits in the cerebrum and cerebellum, with symptoms of ataxia, dysarthria, and visual field constriction in severe cases, but the most common symptom of a milder disorder is somatosensory disturbance due to parietal lobe damage. We investigated the characteristics of the somatosensory disturbances in detail by studying subjective complaints, neurological findings, and quantitative sensory tests in 197 residents (63.2 ± 10.7 years old) from contaminated areas exposed to methylmercury from seafood and 130 residents (63.7 ± 9.3 years old) from control areas. The most commonly affected sensory modalities were superficial peripheral touch and pain in the extremities, followed by two-point discrimination and deep senses, and in the most severe cases, full-body sensory dysfunction and impairment of all sensory submodalities. Although the severity of the sensory submodalities correlated with each other, there was almost no correlation between the severity of these submodalities and indices of peripheral nerve conduction studies, suggesting that the primary cause of the sensory deficits was damage to the central nervous system. The health effects of chronic methylmercury toxicosis can be elucidated by a detailed examination of sensory deficits.
ChatGPT Performs at the Level of a Third-Year Orthopaedic Surgery Resident on the Orthopaedic In-Training Examination
Authors: Ghanem Diane , Covarrubias Oscar , Raad Micheal , LaPorte Dawn , Shafiq Babar
Published: December 2023

Introduction:

Publicly available AI language models such as ChatGPT have demonstrated utility in text generation and even problem-solving when provided with clear instructions. Amidst this transformative shift, the aim of this study is to assess ChatGPT's performance on the orthopaedic surgery in-training examination (OITE).

Methods:

All 213 OITE 2021 web-based questions were retrieved from the AAOS-ResStudy website (https://www.aaos.org/education/examinations/ResStudy). Two independent reviewers copied and pasted the questions and response options into ChatGPT Plus (version 4.0) and recorded the generated answers. All media-containing questions were flagged and carefully examined. Twelve OITE media-containing questions that relied purely on images (clinical pictures, radiographs, MRIs, CT scans) and could not be rationalized from the clinical presentation were excluded. Cohen's Kappa coefficient was used to examine the agreement of ChatGPT-generated responses between reviewers. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the performance (% correct) of ChatGPT Plus. The 2021 norm table was used to compare ChatGPT Plus' performance on the OITE to national orthopaedic surgery residents in that same year.

Results:

A total of 201 questions were evaluated by ChatGPT Plus. Excellent agreement was observed between raters for the 201 ChatGPT-generated responses, with a Cohen's Kappa coefficient of 0.947. 45.8% (92/201) were media-containing questions. ChatGPT had an average overall score of 61.2% (123/201). Its score was 64.2% (70/109) on non-media questions. When compared to the performance of all national orthopaedic surgery residents in 2021, ChatGPT Plus performed at the level of an average PGY3.

Discussion:

ChatGPT Plus is able to pass the OITE with an overall score of 61.2%, ranking at the level of a third-year orthopaedic surgery resident. It provided logical reasoning and justifications that may help residents improve their understanding of OITE cases and general orthopaedic principles. Further studies are still needed to examine their efficacy and impact on long-term learning and OITE/ABOS performance.
Arthrofibrosis After Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Ramos Michael S. , Pasqualini Ignacio , Surace Peter A. , Molloy Robert M. , Deren Matthew E. , Piuzzi Nicolas S.
Published: December 2023

» Arthrofibrosis after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is the new formation of excessive scar tissue that results in limited ROM, pain, and functional deficits.

» The diagnosis of arthrofibrosis is based on the patient's history, clinical examination, absence of alternative diagnoses from diagnostic testing, and operative findings. Imaging is helpful in ruling out specific causes of stiffness after TKA. A biopsy is not indicated, and no biomarkers of arthrofibrosis exist.

» Arthrofibrosis pathophysiology is multifactorial and related to aberrant activation and proliferation of myofibroblasts that primarily deposit type I collagen in response to a proinflammatory environment. Transforming growth factor-beta signaling is the best established pathway involved in arthrofibrosis after TKA.

» Management includes both nonoperative and operative modalities. Physical therapy is most used while revision arthroplasty is typically reserved as a last resort. Additional investigation into specific pathophysiologic mechanisms can better inform targeted therapeutics.
A Review of Surgical Irrigation Solutions for Infection Prevention in Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Chambers MaKenzie M. , Namdari Surena
Published: December 2023

» Intraoperative surgical irrigation is a common practice in orthopaedic procedures, although there is no universally established standard of care due to a lack of concrete data supporting an optimal irrigation agent.

» Isotonic normal saline has long been considered a safe and cost effective solution for wound irrigation as compared with other antibiotic and antiseptic irrigation solutions.

» Currently, the only adjunct to saline that is formally supported by American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and World Health Organization is povidone-iodine.

» Further in vivo clinical studies are needed to identify the ideal irrigation solution that carries low cytotoxic effects while also exerting optimal antimicrobial properties.
Composition and Sources of Clastic Material of Terrigenous Rocks of the Khabarovsk Accretionary Complex (Sikhote-Alin)
Authors: Mednikov S.M. , Kudymov A.V. , Kruk N.N. , Demonterova E.I. , Didenko A.N. , Oto S. , Peskov A.Yu.
Published: December 2023

––The results of comprehensive studies of terrigenous rocks of the Khabarovsk Sikhote-Alin accretionary complex are presented. It is established that the fragments of Jurassic and Permian–Triassic sandstones are dominated by poorly rounded and poorly separated material mainly from local provenance areas. The detrital part of the rocks is mainly represented by quartz, in a smaller amount by feldspar and rock fragments. Sandstones are characterized by high silica content, moderate alumina content, low concentrations of femic elements and calcium, moderate alkali content with significant variations in the K/Na ratio. Both Jurassic and Permian–Triassic rocks are typically characterized by reduced contents of LILE, REE, to a lesser extent HFSE and negative values of the ɛNd(T) parameter – compared to PAAS. The model Nd age of Jurassic sandstones varies from 1.36 to 1.71 Ga, Permian–Triassic – from 1.14 to 1.35 Ga. Most of the detrital zircon population is of late Paleozoic–early Mesozoic age, approximately 25% are older (pre-Paleoproterozoic). The studied sandstones are mainly rocks of the first cycle of weathering (petrogenic), formed during the erosion of igneous rocks of felsic composition. The synthesis of the obtained data suggests that the main source of the cluster material for the Mesozoic sedimentary rocks was the geological formations of the northern part of the Bureya–Khanka superterrane (Bureya and Malokhingan blocks), as well as, possibly, the eastern part of the Mongol–Okhotsk belt. The Khabarovsk terrane has not drifted significantly along the Tan Lu stike-slip system and is an “autochthonous” block in the present-day structure of Sikhote-Alin.
Is evolutionary psychology a scientific revolution? A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Zagaria Andrea
Published: December 2023

In recent times, David Buss (2020) has claimed that Evolutionary Psychology (EP) represents a genuine "scientific revolution”. This paper aims to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the prevalence of the evolutionary approach in Psychology. EP (broadly defined) is juxtaposed with its classical counterpart, the Standard Social Science Model (SSSM). According to Kuhn's framework, a discipline undergoing a scientific revolution evolves into the dominant school of thought, eclipsing all other theories. The analysis uncovers that the SSSM enjoys significantly greater prominence than EP and is advancing at a swifter pace. The data also indicates a “cultural evolutionary” approach is somewhat lacking (i.e. cross-fertilization between EP and SSSM is not evident). Despite sharing the aspiration for an evolutionary revolution in psychology, it is contended that, for this purpose, a prudent approach involves recognizing the current status of affairs, envisioning realistic change, and building a more methodologically diverse research community.
Meckel's diverticulum with a mesodiverticular band causing massive bowel gangrene- A Case Report
Authors: Babu Basil , Nagaraj Satish Subbiah , Sharma Swastika
Published: December 2023

Introduction
Meckel’s diverticulum is the most common congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract. The anatomy of Meckel’s diverticulum varies and when it is attached to the abdominal wall or mesentery by means of fibrous cords it can cause obstruction including massive bowel gangrene which has not yet been reported in literature.
Case Presentation
A middle-aged man presented to the emergency wing with a history of obstipation and vomiting for 2 days. A CECT abdomen revealed dilated ileal bowel loops with multiple strictures, mesenteric lymph nodes, and mild ascites. With a provisional diagnosis of tuberculosis of the abdomen, he was taken for emergency laparotomy. Around 200 cm of distal ileum was found gangrenous due to the herniation of it beneath a mesodiverticular band which was connected to the apex of Meckel’s diverticulum found 50 cm from the ileocolic junction. The gangrenous bowel along with the gangrenous Meckel’s diverticulum was resected and an end ileostomy and distal mucosal fistula were made.
Conclusions
Meckel’s diverticulum must be kept as a differential in any young patients presenting with acute intestinal obstruction with no previous history of abdominal surgery, TB abdomen, or inflammatory bowel disease. While recommendations suggest resection of symptomatic Meckel’s diverticulum with a narrow base and wide body due to its propensity to rotate along its axis and cause gangrene of Meckel’s diverticulum, we believe Meckel’s diverticulum with a band attaching it to umbilicus or with ileal mesentery must be considered for resection to prevent grave complications.
Morphological insights into the 3-Dimensional Complexity of Rhodolith Beds
Authors: Rubau Andrea Cabrito , de Juan Silvia , Hinz Hilmar , Maynou Francesc
Published: December 2023

The ecological importance of rhodolith beds lies in the fact that they are a structurally complex three-dimensional habitat formed by free-living red calcareous algae. The habitat complexity increases the ecological niches for cryptofauna and provide refuge for a high number of organisms, which is why they are considered biodiversity hotspots. Their structural importance is due to their great variety of complex and branching morphologies that create interstitial spaces between the nodules and increase their surface area. In this work, we study a rhodolith bed located in the Menorca Channel, formed by several species of red calcareous algae, that exhibit a great variety of morphologies that form an extensive and heterogeneous habitat. This study further explores the morphological diversity of this rhodolith bed, comparing the ‘core habitat’ (the best -preserved area) with the boundaries or ‘adjacent area’ where rhodolith density is lower. Our results suggest that all growth forms of rhodoliths (branched, pralines and boxwork) in the core habitat have higher interstitial space and are larger than the ones from adjacent zones. Moreover, we explore three-dimensional techniques to study morphological metrics that have historically been studied in two dimensions. The results of this study reinforce the use of three-dimensional measurements to provide more realistic data of their forms and the use of the interstitial space (IS) of branched rhodoliths as a proxy for habitat complexity. This study contributes to the knowledge of morphological diversity in deep well preserved rhodoliths beds from the North-Western Mediterranean Sea.
Localized molecular chaperone synthesis maintains neuronal dendrite proteostasis
Authors: Ugalde Maria Vera , Alecki Célia , Rizwan Javeria , Le Phuong , Jacob-Tomas Suleima , Xu Jia Ming , Minotti Sandra , Wu Tad , Durham Heather , Yeo Gene
Published: December 2023

Proteostasis is maintained through regulated protein synthesis and degradation and chaperone-assisted protein folding. However, this is challenging in neuronal projections because of their polarized morphology and constant synaptic proteome remodeling. Using high-resolution fluorescence microscopy, we discovered that neurons localize a subset of chaperone mRNAs to their dendrites and use microtubule-based transport to increase this asymmetric localization following proteotoxic stress. The most abundant dendritic chaperone mRNA encodes a constitutive heat shock protein 70 family member (HSPA8). Proteotoxic stress also enhanced HSPA8 mRNA translation efficiency in dendrites. Stress-mediated HSPA8 mRNA localization to the dendrites was impaired by depleting fused in sarcoma—an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-related protein—in cultured mouse motor neurons and expressing a pathogenic variant of heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 in neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells. These results reveal a crucial and unexpected neuronal stress response in which RNA-binding proteins increase the dendritic localization of HSPA8 mRNA to maintain proteostasis and prevent neurodegeneration.
Who claims the federal adoption tax credit? Those who know about it
Authors: Wallace Cullen
Published: December 2023

This research investigates which individuals are aware of and claim the federal adoption tax credit. Using a probit model, I find that the probability that one claims the credit increases with one’s income and is lower for Black adoptive parents compared to White ones. These discrepancies in usage stem from different probabilities of knowing about the credit. However, conditional on awareness, I find that the probability of claiming the credit is no different among members of differing income or racial groups, implying that a direct way to increase takeup of the tax credit could simply be increasing awareness of it.
JEL codes: H24; J13; J15
The Analysis of Peripheral Pulse Analyzer (PPA) Waveforms
Authors: Deshmukh Manjusha
Published: December 2023

Background
Peripheral Pulse Analyser (PPA) is developed by Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) Mumbai. The recording of peripheral pulses is a highly important and necessary non-invasive technology used by clinicians to diagnose numerous disorders. Nonexperts may struggle to estimate waveforms accurately; motion artefacts may emerge during tonometry measurements if the skin-sensor contact pressure is insufficient. The aim of waveform analysis was to study differentiating parameters of PPA waveforms for early disease detection.
Methods
We used 70 subjects in two groups as healthy and unhealthy subjects. The pulse morphology is seen to be different in healthy and unhealthy subject. Each PPA signal repeats two or three pulse morphologies. Study was performed at Saraswati College of Engineering (SCOE), Kharghar in collaboration with Board of Research in Nuclear Sciences (BRNS).
Findings: With peaks and valleys different parameters were introduced for eight pulse morphologies (P1 to P8). Polarity, amplitude and intervals are key parameters for waveform analysis of P1 to P8.
Novelty: Automatically analysed blood flow variation of datasets can be used to classify the patterns into various classes to detect diseases. Each PPA signal repeats two or three pulse morphology for the duration of 300 seconds. These pulse morphologies differ in healthy and unhealthy subject. The percentage of pulse morphologies in each PPA signal decides diseases like hypertension, diabetes, and coronary artery diseases (CAD) etc. The waveforms are analysed and tested and are used for disease detection. we have obtained satisfactory results with 96% accuracy.
Assessment of bacterial communities and residual chlorine dynamics within underground and overhead water storage tanks
Authors: Javed Aiza , Amjad Hira , Hashmi Imran
Published: December 2023

Biofilms are primary reservoirs for microbial communities within drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs) and exert considerable influence on the overall safety and quality of potable water. The current study centered on investigating the development of biofilms within water storage tanks of National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) Islamabad, Pakistan. Two types of tank materials, Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) and Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC), were selected to study the impact of the material and residual chlorine on biofilm formation. This study analyzed biofilm development on these materials over 15 and 30 days, demonstrating the evolving biofilm dynamics over time. The findings revealed that water samples showed a high degree of bacterial contamination, with biofilm formation on both PVC and RCC surfaces attributed to low residual chlorine levels. The study also scrutinized the differences between PVC and RCC surfaces, highlighting their varied biofilm growth potentials. Bacterial quantity through Heterotrophic Plate Count (HPC) and images obtained from Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed that RCC surfaces promote denser biofilm growth owing to their roughness. Moreover, most biofilm samples showed more growth over 30 days time period compared at 15 days. Elemental analysis using Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) revealed increased carbon content in biofilms, suggesting the role of organic compounds in microbial nourishment. This study underscores the significance of material selection for water distribution systems with rough surfaces, such as RCC, potentially promote enhanced bacterial attachment and proliferation. Moreover, current findings highlighted the significance of maintaining adequate residual chlorine levels to inhibit biofilm formation.
Assault related traumatic brain injury hospitalizations in Canada from 2010 to 2021: rates, trends and comorbidity
Authors: Saxena Shikha , Zutrauen Sarah , McFaull Steven R.
Published: December 2023

Background
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally, and is often associated with complex physical or psychological symptoms resulting in high hospitalization costs. However, TBI epidemiology varies significantly by external cause. TBI related to assault is a distinct clinical group with greater comorbidities and caregiver burden. Current evidence on assault related TBI needs is limited in Canada. This study examined the annual rate, comorbidity, and length of stay associated with assault related TBI hospitalizations and compared it with other external causes, by age and sex in Canada from 2010 to 2021.
Methods
The Discharge Abstract Database (DAD) was used to extract cases of TBI (2010 to 2021). ICD-10-CA codes were used to classify all cases with TBI as per assault and other external causes (falls; transport; sport, physical activity and recreation; struck by). Additional variables, including age, sex, comorbidity and length of stay were examined. Time trends were quantified using Joinpoint regression.
Results
The average annual percent increase for all TBI hospitalizations from 2010 to 2021 was not significant at 0.1%. Females accounted for 35.8% of total TBI hospitalizations. From 2010 to 2021, assault related TBI hospitalizations showed a significant annual decline of 3.6% for males and a significant increase of 1.7% for females. TBI hospitalizations related to falls showed an average annual percent increase of 1.4% for males and 2.2% for females. A significant decrease was observed for TBI hospitalizations related to the other three (transport, SPAR and struck by) external causes for both sexes from 2010 to 2021. Infants and children under 10 years of age had higher percentages of cases with comorbidities and higher length of stay for assault related TBI hospitalizations.
Conclusions
Assault related TBI hospitalization rates decreased overall and among males, rates among females increased from 2010 to 2021. These results underscore the importance of targeted prevention efforts for TBI related to different external causes, age and sex, and continued surveillance to monitor the epidemiology of assault related TBI.
Metformin Alleviates CCl 4 -Induced Acute Liver Injury in IL-33-Overexpressing Mice by Targeting Mitochondrial Pathway-Dependent Oxidative Stress and Inflammation
Authors: Wu Ying , sun Liankun , Gao Weinan , Zhang Wenda , Shen Luyan , Li Yang , Yu Huimei , Dong Delu
Published: December 2023

Background：The liver is the main organ that coordinates metabolic flexibility and participates in nutrient metabolism; and liver injury caused by alcoholic hepatitis, viral hepatitis or fatty liver has become increasingly more prevalent. Thus, it is urgent to explore the specific mechanisms that underlie the pathology of liver injury. Current research focuses on oxidative stress and inflammation as the major causes of acute liver injury, and interleukin-33 (IL-33) is thought to have an integral role, though its contributing mechanisms remain unclear.
Methods：In the present study, we evaluated the coordinated roles of stress and inflammation in CCl4-induced acute liver injury in IL-33-overexpressing mice.
Results：Our results demonstrate for the first time that concurrent treatment with the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex 1 inhibitor metformin enhances mitochondrial biosynthesis and alleviates acute liver injury in IL-33-overexpressing mice with CCl4-induced injury.These results were supported by the ability of metformin to reverse changes in liver tissue pathology, AST/ALT levels, inflammatory and stress related signaling pathways, oxidative response markers, and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex subunits.
Conclusion： These results provide a mechanistic basis for the activity of metformin in alleviating acute liver injury. Metformin alleviates CCl4-Induced acute liver injury in IL-33-Overexpressing mice by targeting mitochondrial pathway-dependent oxidative stress and inflammation. When CCl4 was used as a strong stressor of liver injury, IL-33+ mice were more adaptive to the stress response, resulting in better effectiveness of metformin in ameliorating liver injury.
Reducing Yearly Variation In Potato Tuber Yield Using Supplemental Irrigation
Authors: Jiang Yefang , Stetson Tobin , Philips John , Kostic Ana
Published: December 2023

This study investigated the influence of supplemental irrigation (SI) on yearly variation in potato yield in a humid climate. On-farm trials were conducted in four to five fields annually in Prince Edward Island, Canada from 2019 to 2022. The research involved four different treatments: rainfed production (DA) as the control group, irrigation following conventional practices (FA), irrigation guided by soil moisture monitoring (Y100N), and irrigation guided by soil moisture monitoring coupled with a 20% reduction in fertilizer input (Y80N). While a range of russet potato cultivars were used, local standard cultural practices were followed at all sites. In 2019 SI significantly increased the marketable yields (MY). This was primarily attributed to a drought period that extended from July to early August. Similarly, in 2020 SI led to a substantial rise in MY across sites due to growing season (GS) rainfall being significantly lower than the optimal water demand for the potato plant. Conversely, in 2021 and 2022 when GS rainfall surpassed the potato water demand and was evenly distributed, farmers either refrained from irrigating or employed minimal irrigation rates, resulting in negligible MY responses. Yearly comparisons of tuber yield reveal that implementing SI during excessively dry years or years with sufficient but unevenly distributed rainfall can result in tuber yields comparable to those achieved through rainfed cultivation during years characterized by adequate and evenly distributed rainfall. This suggests that SI can effectively reduce the annual variation in tuber yield in a traditionally rainfed production area.
The molecular dissection of TRIM25‘s RNA-binding mechanism provides key insights into its antiviral activity
Authors: Álvarez Lucía , Haubrich Kevin , Iselin Louisa , Gillioz Laurent , Ruscica Vincenzo , Lapouge Karine , Augsten Sandra , Huppertz Ina , Choudhury Nila Roy , Simon Bernd , Masiewicz Pawel , Lethier Mathilde , Cusack Stephen , Rittinger Katrin , Gabel Frank , Leitner Alexander , Michlewski Gracjan , Hentze Matthias W. , Allain Frédéric H. T. , Castello Alfredo , Hennig Janosch
Published: December 2023

TRIM25 is an RNA-binding ubiquitin E3 ligase with central but poorly understood roles in the innate immune response to RNA viruses. The link between TRIM25’s RNA binding and its role in innate immunity has not been established. Thus, we utilized a multitude of biophysical techniques to identify key RNA-binding residues of TRIM25 and developed an RNA-binding deficient mutant (TRIM25-m9). Using iCLIP2 in virus-infected and uninfected cells, we identified TRIM25’s RNA sequence and structure specificity and showed that its binding to specific viral RNA regions is critical for its antiviral activity.
E-Health’s Influence on Cancer Survivors’ Support for Junk-Food Policy: A Moderated-Mediation Analysis
Authors: Li Milano Ming
Published: December 2023

Background Understanding how factors such as e-health use influences junk-food restrictions is crucial for advancing cancer preventive interventions. This study focuses on cancer survivors, examining the role of increased e-health usage in shaping their support for junk-food control policies. It particularly investigates the perceived cancer risk associated with diet and the impact of calorie information awareness.Methods Data for this study were derived from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS 5 Cycle 4), focusing on a sample of 523 cancer survivors (average age: 67.6 years). The study explored: (1) the impact of e-health use (EHU) on support for junk-food control policy (SJCP); (2) the mediation effect of perceived cancer risk of eating (PCRE) on this relationship; and (3) the moderating role of notice calorie information (NCI) on the PCRE-SJCP pathway.Results The study revealed a positive correlation between e-health use and support for junk-food control policy, with each percentage increase in e-health use raising support by 8.1 percentage points. The perceived cancer risk of eating was identified as a pivotal mediator, accounting for 13.6% of the relationship between e-health use and policy support. Notably, the notice calorie information negatively moderated this mediating effect (bp = -0.159).Conclusion E-health use indirectly influences support for junk-food control policy through the perceived cancer risk from diet. This indirect influence is substantial, although notice calorie information tends to weaken this relationship, highlighting the nuanced ways in which cancer survivors form attitudes towards food-related policies.
Understanding the stability behavior of colloidal silica in different alkali environments
Authors: Xing Yi , Wu Zhenyu , Li Yaowen , Gong Juntao , Liu Weili , Song Zhitang
Published: December 2023

In this paper, three different alkalis namely ammonia (NH4OH), ethylenediamine (EDA), and tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAOH) are introduced in the colloidal silica to study the stability and pH is controlled in the range of 8–11. As a result, NH4OH greatly promotes the stability of silica sol at first due to the strong solvation ability of NH4+ and then the stability begins to decrease because the electric double layer of silica is compressed. The introduction of EDA leads to reducing the stability of silica system evidently followed by a slight increase, which can be explained by the cationic bridging effect of ethylenediammonium cations. Meanwhile, the effect of TBAOH on silica dispersion is analogous to EDA, mainly caused by the hydrophobic and steric effects. The abovementioned relevant stability mechanisms are involved in non-DLVO theory.
Improved Yolov8-based Approach for Fire Detection
Authors: Zhang Muxiang
Published: December 2023

Fire detection holds immense importance in ensuring the safety of individuals and assets. Enhancing the accuracy of fire detection is essential. This article focuses on the utilization and improvements of Yolov8 for fire detection. The improvements encompass three aspects. Firstly, there is an enhancement to the Yolov8 backbone network by integrating the Inception module. Secondly, a comparison is made between five attention mechanisms, such as CBAM and ECA et al., with CoordAttention performing as the most effective. Lastly, the loss function is optimized through a comprehensive analysis of different types of loss functions, such as CIoU and SIoU et al., with WIoU being identified as the top-performing option. The experimental results demonstrate that the Yolov8 model with three improvements has increased mAP50 by 2.45% and mAP50-95 by 4.38% compared to the original Yolov8n. Compared to previous models, such as SSD and Yolov7 et al., the performance metrics of mAP50 and mAP50-95 have exhibited notable enhancements, hence augmenting the precision of fire detection.
Cost-benefit analysis of large-scale land restoration in the Chinese Loess Plateau: evaluating the monetary value of ecosystem services
Authors: Chen Hao , Fleskens Luuk , Schild Johanna , Moolenaar Simon. W , ad Fei Wang , Ritsema Coen
Published: December 2023

The Grain to Green Project (GGP) has significantly transformed land use and cover in the Chinese Loess Plateau, thereby enhancing ecosystem services. This study evaluates the dynamics of ecosystem service values during and post-GGP implementation and assesses the project's net economic benefit to refine future land restoration policies. We integrated observed land use changes and employed the CLUE-S model to simulate a 2020 land cover scenario without GGP implementation (2020 NoGGP) and three scenarios for 2030. By using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) model and statistical data, we monetized ten ecosystem services for each scenario. Findings indicate a marked increase in the monetary value of ecosystem services from 2000 to 2020, with the 2020 NoGGP scenario showing a 57% (USD 2,385 million) decrease in value compared to the actual 2020 outcomes. The net present value from GGP suggests enhanced ecosystem services and monetary benefits. For the 2030 scenarios, our cost-benefit analysis suggests that afforestation provides greater economic returns than grass planting but is associated with lower water yield. These results support the continued implementation of land restoration projects like the GGP and highlight the need for a balanced approach to water provision and fruit production in future planning, as well as appropriate subsidy thresholds for farmers.
Assessing quality improvement through textbook outcomes in colorectal surgery: A systematic review.
Authors: Luis Hurtado-Pardo , Zutoia Balciscueta Coltell , Janine Tabet Almeida , MªCarmen Martin Diéguez , Manuel López Bañeres , Natalia Uribe Quintana
Published: December 2023

In recent years, an increasing interest about the evaluation and quality improvement have grown. Textbook outcome (TO) is a composite measure of several clinically important perioperative outcomes that are included in the definition of the ideal surgical care. The aim of this study is to evaluate and summarize the different definitions concerning textbook outcome in colorectal surgery. A systematic review of the literature according to PRISMA guidelines was carried out until August 2023. Primary studies on adult patients undergoing colon or rectal resection and assessing the textbook outcomes of the procedure were included. Seventeen studies were included for review. The percentage of TO achieved varied from 43–80.8%. The most prevalent variable were “no complications”, “no mortality” and “length of stay”, present in 14 studies (82.4%). The variable that contributed mostly to not meeting the definition of textbook outcome was “no complications” (41.2%) with 6 possible definitions. Other variables that were evaluated were: “readmission”, “radical resection” and “successful lymphadenectomy”. Textbook outcome is an easy-to-interpret quality assessment tool that allows monitoring and comparison of performance improvement. At the same time provide a more meaningful metric of care than individual parameters. As a result of the variability described in this systematic review, a consensus is to be reached in order to validate the extension of this tool in the area of colorectal surgery.
Study on the improvement of right ventricular structure and function after balloon pulmonary Angioplasty in chronic thrombotic pulmonary hypertension patients with different degrees of pulmonary arterial hypertension by echocardiography
Authors: Ding Shangwei , Cai Yantong , Lin Shitao , Lin Dongyuan , Qin Danmin , Yang Shuting , Zhang Yuanmei , Lin Weilin , Xu Nuojia , Wang Jiapeng , Guo Wenliang , Lv Jiachun , Liu Xiaoliang , Wu Xiaofeng , Hong Cheng
Published: December 2023

Objective: Analyze the improvement of right heart structure and function in CTEPH patients with different degrees of pulmonary hypertension after BPA treatment, in order to provide a basis for determining the effectiveness of BPA treatment, and to screen patients with different treatment effects and adjust the subsequent treatment strategies.
Method: The patients with CTEPH were selected for preoperative echocardiography, and the right ventricular systolic function parameters, pulmonary artery pressure parameters, left ventricular related parameters were measured; RHC were measured before and after BPA. Perform another echocardiographic within 24 hours after BPA. According to the results of RHC-mPAP before BPA, CTEPH patients were divided into three groups: mild pH, moderate pH and severe PH. Compare the changes in pulmonary artery pressure, right heart structure, and function among three groups of patients after BPA, and analyze their treatment effects.
Results: A total of 94 CTEPH patients were included in the study, including 30 mild PH patients, 37 moderate PH patients, and 27 severe PH patients. After BPA, TPVR was significantly reduced in all patients (P=0.029, P=0.002, P=0.004). RHC-sPAP, RHC-mPAP and PVR were decreased in patients with moderate PH (P=0.004, P=0.005, P=0.002) and severe PH (P<0.001, P=0.001, P=0.003); The PAD, RAEDA, RAESA, RVEDA, RVESA, IVCmax, IVCmin and CRIVC in patients with moderate PH were significantly improved. TRA and ∆PTR were also reduced (P<0.001, P=0.001); RAEDA, RAESA, RVEDA, RVESA, FAC, IVCmax, IVCmin were also significantly improved in patients with severe PH. However, patients with mild PH showed no significant changes in the RV volume and hemodynamic parameters. In all patients, RV systolic function parameters (TAPSE, S’, RIMP, RVFAC) did not improve significantly after BPA within 24 hours.
Conclusion: BPA has an ideal and rapid therapeutic effect on CTEPH patients with moderate/severe PH, and the therapeutic effect of moderate PH is better than that of severe PH, but not in mild PH; Rapid assessment of patient response after BPA could help screen patients with poor treatment outcomes to consider adjustment for subsequent treatment decisions. After BPA, the structural inverse remodeling of the right heart appeared earlier than the functional inverse remodeling.
Fast Camouflaged Object Detection via Multi-Scale Feature Enhanced Network
Authors: Zhou Bingqin , Yang Kun , Gao Zhigang
Published: December 2023

The aim of camouflaged object detection (COD) is to identify objects that are hidden or camouflaged in the visual scene. Since camouflaged objects have fuzzy boundaries and are very similar to their surroundings, the task of COD, especially multi-scale COD, is still challenging. Based on ERRNet, we proposed a multi-scale feature enhanced network (MSFENet). Specifically, we have developed a multi-scale feature enhancement module (MFEM), which adopts a coarse-to-fine manner to improve the ability of a single layer to represent multi-scale information. This module can extract more complete large-scale target feature information and retain much more small-scale target feature information and less regional background information. The experimental results on publicly available datasets show that our proposed MSFENet outperforms 10 mainstream methods. The ablation studies show that the proposed module is effective in improving the detection performance of multi-scale camouflaging objects and improving the overall performance. Compared with ERRNet, the average Sα, Eϕ and Fwβ scores scores of the MSFENet are 1.2%, 0.6% and 2.5% higher for the multi-scale COD task. In addition, the proposed MSFENet can be directly used for real-time detection due to its fast inference capability (i.e. 75.3 frames per second).
An Enhanced Cardiac Auscultation Approach for the detection of abnormal Heartbeat and murmur based on Multimodal Deep Learning
Authors: Jan Haseeb , Tang Chen
Published: December 2023

Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of global mortality, and timely detection is essential to prevent their detrimental outcomes. Traditional diagnostic methods, such as segmentation, feature extraction, and subsequent heartbeat analysis, present inherent challenges. So far, the published deep learning methods have been designed for a single category, either finding abnormal signals or detecting murmur. Furthermore, most published deep learning methods used heartbeats recorded from different auscultations as similar, such that they are from the same origin. However, the flexibility in designing deep learning models made it possible to analyze heartbeats from various auscultation locations as distinct signals and categorize them in multiple labels. Therefore, this research proposed a novel multi-input-multi-output hybrid deep learning model for heartbeat analysis. This innovative approach integrated a Bidirectional Long Short Term Memory (BiLSTM) along with Dense layer as inputs and added UNet followed by Residual blocks as a backbone to find abnormal and murmured heartbeats simultaneously through multi-output architecture. The first four inputs used BiLSTM layers to extract temporal features independently from the four auscultation locations. The fifth input analyzed the patient's gender through the Dense layer and supported the model by focusing on gender while analyzing heartbeats. The UNet architecture transformed the temporal features into the required or more suitable format, and the Residual blocks managed the model's depth. Finally, all five networks combined and simultaneously classified the patient's heartbeats into two binary categories, providing information that either the signal was normal or the heartbeat had murmured. The Circor DigiScope dataset had missing features and, therefore, was unsuitable for experimentation. Thus, the dataset was modified by excluding samples lacking audio from essential auscultation sites. The proposed model, trained using the K-Fold cross-validation strategy, provided 95% accuracy and avoided overfitting on a small dataset. Therefore, the MIMO strategy provided an in-depth interpretation of cardiac signals by analyzing each signal separately through multiple perspectives. Consequently, it achieved better results and set the stage for future deep-learning algorithms in this domain. Furthermore, using less preprocessing and relying on the flexibility of deep learning algorithms underscored the model's potential to enhance diagnostic accuracy in real-world clinical scenarios.
Intraoperative central venous pressure during cardiopulmonary bypass is an alternative indicator for early prediction of acute kidney injury in adult cardiac surgery
Authors: Wang Lei , Hu Lanxin , Wang ZhenHong , Chen Xin
Published: December 2023

Background
The relationship between venous congestion in cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and acute kidney injury (AKI) in cardiac surgery has not utterly substantiated. Central venous pressure(CVP) on cardiovascular disease patients in operation needs to be explored. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between CVP in CPB and the occurrence of AKI.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed 2048 consecutive patients with cardiovascular disease undergoing cardiac procedure with CPB from January 2018 to December 2022. We used the median CVP value obtained during CPB for our analysis and patients were grouped according to this parameter. The primary outcomes were AKI and renal replacement therapy(RRT). Multivariable logistic regression was used to explore the association between CVP and adverse of kidney.
Results
A total of 2048 patients were enrolled in our study and divided into high CVP group (CVP ≥ 6.5 mmHg) and low CVP group (CVP < 6.5 mmHg) according to the median CVP value. Patients in high CVP group had the high AKI and RRT rate when compared to the low CVPgroup[(367/912,40.24%)vs.(408/1136,35.92%),P = 0.045;(16/912,1.75%vs.9/1136;0.79%), P = 0.049]. Multivariate logistic regression analysis displayed CVP played an indispensable part in development of renal failure in surgical.
Conclusions
Elevated CVP(≥ 6.5mmH2OmmHg) in CPB during cardiac operation is associated with an increased risk of AKI in cardiovascular surgery patients. Clinical attention should be paid to the potential role of CVP in predicting the occurrence of AKI.
Effect of highway greenbelt constrution on groundwater flow in a semi-arid region
Authors: Xia Manhong , Dong Shaogang , Ma Mingyan , Li Lu , Jiang Chengcheng
Published: December 2023

The highway greenbelt, vigorously promoted in arid and semi-arid areas, has obvious impacts on beautifying the environment, absorbing dust, reducing noise, and maintaining soil and water. Moreover, it affects the characteristics of how water resources are distributed and the regional groundwater cycle. The Hu-Bao highway greenbelt in the northern Tumochuan Plain served as an example in this study. Based on fully grasping the characteristics of the regional groundwater system, we used the 3S classification method and combine the relevant formulas, such as ET0, to calculate the evapotranspiration and water consumption of the green belt and quantitatively analyze the impact of highway greenbelt construction on the regional groundwater cycle. The results indicated that trees, shrubs, and grasses, accounting for 42.17% of the research area, are the predominant plant types in the greening construction area. The area of shrubs is the highest, reaching 17.29%; followed by trees, occupying 15.18%. Grasslands is the smallest, accounting for 9.7%；During the growth season, the total evapotranspiration water consumption in the green belt is 471.35×104m3, whereas trees, shrubs and grasslands is 182.27×104m3, 211.14×104m3,77.94×104m3, respectively. The groundwater recharge in the study area mainly originated from the mountain front lateral recharge, and the main discharge was the evapotranspiration water consumption of green belts. The latter accounts for 3.31 percent of the former. It is obvious that the construction of highway greenbelts has a substantial impact on the distribution of groundwater resources, and long-term evapotranspiration will cause groundwater levels to decline and the amount of accessible water resources to decrease.
Up-regulation of MDSCs accumulation and Th2 biased response to co-stimulation of CsESP from Clonorchis sinensis and HBeAg in vitro
Authors: Liu Qiannan , Wang Nian , Sun Hengchang , Dong Huimin , Li Xuerong , Yu Xinbing , Huang Yan
Published: December 2023

Background
Co-infection with Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis) and Hepatitis B virus (HBV) are commonly observed in endemic areas of Clonorchiasis. Our previous analysis demonstrated that C. sinensis and HBV coinfection could affect Th1/Th2 cytokines production and C. sinensis infection might aggravate the disease state of HBV infection. The immune mechanisms related to the pathogenesis of co-infection are worthy of investigation.
Methods
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are associated with chronic inflammation. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the key link between innate and adaptive immunity. The excretory-secretory products from C. sinensis (CsESP) play key roles in interaction between the worm and the host. Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) is thought to contribute to viral persistence by decreasing the innate and adaptive immune response. So that the response of immune cells to CsESP and HBeAg co-stimulation in vitro were explored in the current study. Bone marrow (BM) cells were stimulated by GM-CSF and IL-4 and then co-incubation with CsESP and HBeAg in vitro. MDSCs accumulation, surface costimulatory molecules and cytokines release of BM derived DCs (BMDCs), and the consequent effectors on Th1/Th2 polarization to the co-stimulated BMDCs were analyzed by flow cytometry and ELISA. In addition, pattern recognition receptors on the surface of BMDCs in co-stimulation were detected by real-time PCR.
Results
Compared with CsESP or HBeAg alone, co-stimulation dominantly promoted MDSCs accumulation. Co-stimulation significantly downregulated the expression of CD80 and CD86, and reduced IL-12p70 release while augmented IL-10 levels of BMDCs. Higher transcription levels of mannose receptor (MR) while lower mRNA level of toll like receptor 4 (TLR-4) were detected among membrane receptors of BMDCs with co-treatment. In addition, after CD4 naïve T cells were stimulated by LPS-treated BMDCs with CsESP and HBeAg, the proportion of CD4+IL-4+ T cells and IL-4 increased, while CD4+INF-γ+ T cells percentage and INF-γ down-regulated.
Conclusions
CsESP and HBeAg co-incubation more distinctly promoted MDSCs, suppressed maturation of BMDCs highly possible by up-regulation of MR and down-regulation of TLR-4 of BMDCs, and successively induce Th2 immune skewing. Our work laid the cornerstone to further clarify immune responses during the co-infection contributing to the better precise treatment and progression assessment of co-infection patients.