bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigation of secondary flow in a heated channel using PIV and LIF simultaneously
Authors: Pulec Jaroslav , Vinš Václav , Dančová Petra
Published: July 2024

This paper describes an investigation of thermo-convective structures called Rayleigh-Bénard-Poiseuille (RBP) convection in a wide rectangular water channel formed above a heated bottom-wall. The phenomenon was investigated experimentally using planar Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) for velocity vector field data and 2-color Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF) for temperature scalar field data. The PIV and LIF records were taken simultaneously on three cameras (one for PIV and two for LIF) in the central vertical plane of the channel in order to detect the secondary flow caused by the natural convection. The result is the combined temperature and velocity data used to evaluate the onset point of the secondary flow. The manifestation of this phenomenon on both velocity and temperature fields is described. The LIF method was confirmed to give more satisfactory results because the PIV method is generally less suitable for lower velocity measurement in boundary layers, both because of adverse reflections and because of the limitation for measuring very low velocities near walls. The measured data were compared with theoretical dependencies and with the literature data. Other limitations of the measurement were described, and steps for its improvement were suggested. In the present setup, temperature influence by the laser or wall accumulation was observed, which needs to be investigated more thoroughly and eliminated in future work.
Modelling humid air flow condensation in a linear blade cascade
Authors: Tsymbalyuk Volodymyr , Eret Petr , Slama Vaclav , Rudas Bartolomej , Ira Jiri , Macalka Ales , Peterka Tomas
Published: July 2024

Experimental test rigs such as linear blade cascades often use ambient humid air for internal aerodynamics investigation. However, experimental evidence of flow condensation can be found at higher Mach numbers, especially for lower inlet air temperatures. This paper presents a simple analytical model of the distribution of relative humidity of an air-water mixture and specific mass of condensed vapor as a function of Mach number. Moreover, based on the experimental data, a case study of the transonic flow in a linear blade cascade is performed using ANSYS CFX. The agreement between both approaches is more than satisfactory, leading to further investigations as little is known about the effect of humidity and flow condensation on the flow field.
Anisotropy of the Wake behind Circular Cylinder in Cross-Flow
Authors: Uruba Václav , Procházka Pavel , Yanovych Vitalii
Published: July 2024

The turbulence anisotropy is studied experimentally in the wake behind a circular cylinder in crossflow. The circular cylinder of aspect ratio 12 was placed in low turbulence flow, Reynolds number was 5k. For the 3-component velocity vector evaluation, the stereo Particle Image Velocimetry method was used. The Lumley triangle method was applied to quantify the turbulence anisotropy.
Blutversorgung der Wirbelsäule
Authors: Corts Magga
Published: July 2024

In dieser DHZ-Ausgabe beschäftigt sich die Rubrik „Funktionelle Anatomie“ mit der Blutversorgung der Wirbelsäule.
Schmerzfrei schwanger
Authors: Barge Rosel
Published: July 2024

Oftmals durch Beckenschiefstand und Blockierungen in der Lendenwirbelsäule verursacht, gehören Rückenschmerzen bei schwangeren Frauen zu den häufigsten Beschwerden, die in der Regel aber gut behandelbar sind. Die Untersuchung sollte neben körperlicher Verfassung und Veränderungen während der Schwangerschaft auch die Auswirkungen von Alltagsbewegungen sowie psychische Belastungen betrachten. Sorgfältig an ihre besonderen Bedürfnisse angepasste osteopathische Techniken können erfolgreich bei Schwangeren angewendet werden und zur Linderung der Symptome beitragen.
Fernbeziehungen
Authors: Sailer Martin U.
Published: July 2024

Beschwerden an den Füßen können zu einer veränderten Körperhaltung führen. Gelenkblockierungen im Bereich der Wirbelsäule und angrenzende Strukturen (viszeral, faszial) können sich wiederum auf die Stellung der Füße und auf das Gangbild auswirken. Der Beitrag widmet sich den funktionellen Hintergründen dieser komplexen Wirkungszusammenhänge und betrachtet dabei auch die Rolle, die myofasziale Ketten als Verbindungen zu weit entfernten Körperregionen (Hals, Zungenbein) spielen. Im vorgestellten Fall hat eine dysfunktionale Fußstellung ihre Ursache im Halsbereich. Mit der osteopathischen Behandlung der dortigen Strukturen können die Beschwerden behoben werden.
Vom Hohlkreuz in die Entspannung
Authors: Delarue Cyril André
Published: July 2024

Nach vorne gekipptes Becken, vorgewölbter Bauch, vorstehender Rippenbogen, Abflachung der Brustwirbelsäule sowie Schmerzen, Hyperkonkavität und Bewegungseinschränkungen der Lendenwirbelsäule zählen zu den typischen Zeichen einer LWS-Hyperlordose; diagnostische Tests zu Mobilität und Spannung (zum Beispiel Iliosakralgelenk) geben weitere Hinweise. Häufig bestehen Dysfunktionen im Bereich von Symphyse, Bauchorganen (Ptose), Muskulatur (Hypertonus) oder Vegetativum, vielfach auch in Zusammenhang mit einer Schwangerschaft. Zu den bewährten, im Artikel vorgestellten manuellen Techniken zählen die Dekoabdationsbehandlung des Beckens, die Behandlung der Viszera und Radix mesenterii sowie die Entlastung der Mm. terres und latissimus dorsi.
Ist das „Filet“ schuld?
Authors: Frenzel Holger
Published: July 2024

Führt Bewegungsmangel zu einem verkrampften oder verkürzten Psoas-Muskel, können Auswirkungen auf die ihn umgebenden Strukturen, starke Spannungen und Schmerzen im Bereich der Lendenwirbel die Folge sein. Die Behandlung kann mit gezielten, aber sanften osteopathischen Techniken erfolgen, bei denen der Psoas gedehnt, Blockaden gelöst und eine schmerzfreie Beweglichkeit wiederhergestellt wird. Im Fallbeispiel unterstützen begleitende Übungen die Therapie, stärken das Vertrauen des Patienten in die eigenen Bewegungsfähigkeiten und regen ihn zu regelmäßiger Bewegung auch im Alltag an.
Kinder und Jugendliche mit schwerem Schädel-Hirn-Trauma
Authors: Brensing Pia , Bruns Nora , Dammann Philipp , Dohna-Schwake Christian
Published: July 2024

Da das Hirngewebe unter allen Organen die geringste Sauerstoffmangeltoleranz hat, ist die Zeitspanne zwischen Diagnostik und adäquater Therapie besonders entscheidend für das Outcome hinsichtlich Morbidität und Mortalität – ganz nach dem Leitsatz: „Time is brain!“ Um diese Zeitspanne zu optimieren, sollte sich die Versorgung von Schädel-Hirn-Traumata im Kindes- und Jugendalter an der aktuellen S2k-Leitlinie von 2022 orientieren. In diesem Artikel wird besonders auf das schwere Schädel-Hirn-Trauma Bezug genommen.
Effektive Schmerzreduzierung bei Propofolinjektionen
Authors: Thomas-Krause Paul-Björn
Published: July 2024

Propofol ist eines der am häufigsten verwendeten Hypnotika in der Anästhesie 1. Es wird vor allem wegen seines günstigen Nebenwirkungsprofils, der Anästhesiequalität und der antiemetischen Wirkung geschätzt. Jedoch wird bei einer relativ großen Anzahl an Patienten ein injektionsabhängiger Schmerz beobachtet 2. Der folgende Beitrag erörtert den Grund für diesen Injektionsschmerz und gibt handlungspraktische Tipps für die Reduktion und Prophylaxe des propofolinduzierten Injektionsschmerzes.
Zwischen Nähe und Notfall
Authors: Hahn Maximilian
Published: July 2024

Ein plötzlicher Herzstillstand kann jede Person treffen und erfordert rasches Handeln, um die Überlebenschancen zu maximieren. Die kardiopulmonale Reanimation spielt dabei eine entscheidende Rolle, um die Versorgung von lebenswichtigen Organen zu sichern. Doch neben der fachlichen Expertise der medizinischen Fachkräfte gewinnt ein weiterer Faktor zunehmend an Bedeutung: die Anwesenheit von Angehörigen während der Reanimationsmaßnahmen auf Intensivstationen.
Development of New N-{4-[(7-Chloro-5-methylpyrrolo[2,1-f] [1,2,4]triazin-4-yl)oxy]-3-fluorophenyl}benzenesulfonamide Analogues: Exploring Anticancer Potential through MerTK Inhibition
Authors: Dwivedi Ashish Ranjan , Rathod S. V. , Sathe Balaji Dashrath , Meenakshi Meenakshi , Murti Yogesh , Mane Madhav Shivaji , Pandey Sarvesh Kumar , Mahajan Shriya , Rawat Pramod , Kandhari Harsimrat , Goel Kapil Kumar
Published: July 2024

Mer proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase (MerTK), a part of the TAM (TYRO3, AXL, and MerTK) family, is directly correlated with metastasis and various types of cancers. The inhibition of this receptor is a promising strategy for more-effective chemotherapy. Considering the pharmacophoric features of the active domain of MerTK and the structural characteristics of the investigational drug BMS794833, we designed five new N-{4-[(7-chloro-5-methylpyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4-yl)oxy]-3-fluorophenyl}benzenesulfonamide analogues. In cytotoxicity studies, one of the analogues displayed a significantly higher cytotoxicity than cisplatin. It showed IC50 values of 2.09, 1.96, and 3.08 μM against A549, MCF-7, and MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines, respectively. In drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic studies, it was the most stable analogue and displayed a moderate MerTK inhibitory potential. Molecular-docking studies were performed to corroborate the MerTK inhibition, and the same analogue achieved the most significant docking score (–12.33 kcal/mol). Docking interactions demonstrated that the imine and amine group of the 3-chloropyridine moiety of BMS794833 formed hydrogen bonds with the main chain of the ATP pocket residue Met674, while the oxygen atoms of the 4-oxo-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxamide moiety established hydrogen bonds with the Lys619 and Asp741 amino acid residues of the allosteric pocket of MerTK protein. These promising results provide evidence that the N-{4-[(7-chloro-5-methylpyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4-yl)oxy]-3-fluorophenyl}benzenesulfonamide pharmacophore can give potential insights into the development of new MerTK inhibitors.
Cognitive Outcomes following Virtual Reality Rehabilitation in Patient with Traumatic Brain Injury: A Prospective Randomized Comparative Study
Authors: Sharma Ankit , Sharma Arvind , Jain Surendra , Gupta Ashok , Sinha Virendra Deo
Published: July 2024

Introduction Comprehensive rehabilitation is essential to enhance the quality of life and cognitive performance of traumatic brain injury (TBI) survivors. Virtual reality (VR) has emerged as a promising tool for TBI rehabilitation due to its ability to provide an engaging and tailored environment.

Materials and Methods This was a randomized comparative study conducted at tertiary hospital and included individuals aged between 18 and 60 with mild-to-moderate cognitive impairment due to TBI. The participants were divided into a case group receiving intensive VR rehabilitation and a control group receiving standard care. Cognitive assessments were conducted before and after treatment, and during follow-up.

Results VR rehabilitation demonstrated significant improvements in cognitive function. The VR group exhibited remarkable progress in the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Tower of London (TOL), and Trail Making Test (TMT) scores. Baseline MoCA, TOL, and TMT scores (mean value) of case group 16.5, 11.75, and 14.05 and for control group 17, 10, and 13 were respectively. All the parameters of case group improved at the time of discharge (MoCA: 24.3, TOL: 22, TMT: 27.5) and in follow-up (MoCA: 28.5, TOL: 32.5, TMT: 42.07) as compared with control group at discharge (MoCA: 19, TOL: 13, TMT: 17) and in follow-up (MoCA: 21, TOL: 15, TMT: 19), which shows significant improvement in case group (p < 0.001) as compared with control group.

Conclusion VR rehabilitation significantly improves cognitive outcomes in TBI patients. It has the potential to be a significant tool in TBI rehabilitation.
Severe Hypoplasia/Aplasia of the Medullary Arcuate Nucleus in a 4-Month-Old Patient with Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
Authors: Della Giustina Elvio , Salviato Tiziana , Fabbiani Luca , Mancini Luciano , Maiorana Antonino , Reggiani Bonetti Luca
Published: July 2024

The aim of this study was to verify and confirm the close correlation between the absence of the medullary arcuate nucleus and sudden death in a 4-month-old infant. Careful neuropathological examination of the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and cerebellum demonstrated no relevance to the death. The brainstem region, normally occupied by the nuclei, was cut into several serial sections so as not to lose any details. The largest median part of the medullary arcuate nucleus was completely absent, and only very small groups of residual neurons in its most lateral part were still detectable; the rest of the brainstem showed no abnormalities. In the absence of other lesional, degenerative, or malformative causes, the sudden and unexpected death of this infant was likely due to severe hypoplasia/aplasia of the medullary arcuate nucleus. The anatomo-functional development of the nucleus and its crucial role in the control of respiratory and cardiac autonomic reactivity in sleep during the first year of life may provide an important contribution to the pathogenic interpretation.
Isolated Tear of Coracobrachialis: An Unusual Presentation of Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit
Authors: KSV Abhinetri , Batta Nafisa Shakir , Sood Aditya , Samanta Riya
Published: July 2024

An isolated injury to the coracobrachialis is an exceedingly uncommon occurrence, with only a handful of case reports documented in the literature. The majority of the reported cases attribute the injury to either direct trauma to the affected area or the contraction of the muscle, leading to the rupture of the muscle belly. In this article, we reported a case of indirect traumatic partial rupture of the coracobrachialis muscle, accompanied by a substantial hematoma at the proximal myotendinous junction had an unusual presentation of glenohumeral internal rotation deficit. To the best of our knowledge, no other case of isolated coracobrachialis injury has been reported in a bowler/cricketer.
Effectiveness of Lactation Counseling on Lactation Outcome among Primipara Mothers: A Pilot Study
Authors: Devasia Selinamma , Nayak Sabitha , Rao Sujaya V. , Kamath Neetha
Published: July 2024

Introduction The World Health Organization encourages initiation of breastfeeding soon after birth, exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for the first 6 months, and continued breastfeeding up to 2 years of age.

Material and Methods This pilot study was done on 30 primiparous women between 37 and 40 weeks of gestation. Mothers of intervention group were given lactation counseling using a module and a demo before delivery and face-to-face counseling for 3 days, whereas mothers of control group received routine care. Immediate initiation of breastfeeding and lactation outcome was measured using structured validated tools.

Results Significant difference was found at the initiation of breastfeeding between the groups (t = 8.529; p < 0.001) and in the lactation outcome, which was observed by the infant breastfeeding observation tool on the third day (Z = –4.269), fourth day (Z = –4.681), and fifth day (Z = –4.667) at p < 0.001 level. None of the babies of mothers who received lactation counseling and immediate initiation of breastfeeding had exaggerated jaundice whereas 53.33% of infants in the control group (group 1) developed exaggerated jaundice within the first 48 hours. All the babies of the intervention group were on EBF up to 6 months whereas only 46.66% of infants of the control group had EBF for the first 3 months and 40% in the 4th month and 20% in 5th and 6th month.

Conclusion Our research supports the need of lactation counseling for better initiation of breastfeeding and lactation.
Comparative Efficacy of Hypertension Management Strategies
Authors: Schneider Jordan , Alvarez-Betancourt Alejandro , Elbaz Joshua , Wenn Peter , Makaryus Amgad N. , Zeltser Roman
Published: July 2024

Hypertension (HTN) is a major cardiovascular risk factor and a significant contributor to disease burden in the United States. Despite therapeutic advances, gaps remain between clinical trials and practice. This study aims to bridge those gaps by evaluating antihypertensive strategies. This was a retrospective analysis of HTN patients seen at a hospital clinic from 2016 to 2022 with 3- and 12-month follow-up appointments. Demographics, history, blood pressure (BP), and medication regimen were recorded. Treatment strategies were categorized as follows: adding medication (AM), increasing dosage (ID), switching medications (SM), dropped medications (DrM), or no change (NC). Changes in systolic blood pressure (SBP) were compared using linear regressions to assess the efficacy of HTN management. Of 873 patient charts reviewed, 332 patients were included. The AM group had an adjusted ∆SBP of −11 mm Hg at 3 months (p < 0.001) and −9 mm Hg at 12 months (p = 0.006). The ID group had an ∆SBP of −8.5 mm Hg at 3 months (p = 0.074) and −7 mm Hg at 12 months (p = 0.3). ∆SBP between the AM and ID groups was not statistically significant (p = 0.8). SM was associated with an ∆SBP of −3 mm Hg at 3 months (p = 0.6) and −3 mm Hg at 12 months (p = 0.7). There are meaningful differences in SBP reduction between antihypertensive medication adjustment strategies. AM had the greatest effect on lowering SBP, with ID having a slightly lesser effect. The difference in ∆SBP between the AM versus ID groups was not significant. While further study with a larger dataset is warranted, our findings highlight trends in the efficacy of HTN management strategies to help guide therapeutic regimens.
Forming a new prospective memory intention can reduce prospective memory commission errors
Authors: Guo Yunfei , Gan Jiaqun , Li Yongxin
Published: July 2024

Previous prospective memory (PM) studies indicate that PM intentions remain active after completion and result in commission errors. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of adding a new PM intention in the finished phase on PM commission errors. Eighty-six participants were randomly allocated to one of three groups: a new PM group, a non-new PM group, and an implementation intention group. In the PM finished phase, the non-new PM group performed the 1-back task only, while the new PM group was asked to complete both the 1-back task and a new PM task simultaneously. The implementation intention group adopted the “if-then” encoding strategy to encode the new PM intention and executed a new PM task while performing an ongoing task. We found no difference in the 1-back task among the three groups, but the main difference was reflected in the commission error rate with the rate being highest in the non-new PM group, followed by the new PM group, and lowest in the implementation intention group. These findings suggest that executing a new PM task after the completion of a PM intention or adopting an implementation intention encoding strategy to form a new intention effectively reduces commission errors. Therefore, in real life, when we form new prospective memory intentions, we can strengthen them through encoding strategies during the encoding stage, in order to avoid the occurrence of commission errors as much as possible.
Is face and information availability important in green purchasing among young consumers?
Authors: Zhang Yanyan , Cham Tat-Huei , Pek Chuen Khee , Leong Choi-Meng
Published: July 2024

With the growing awareness of environmental issues available across various media platforms, consumers, particularly the younger generation, are more conscious of their consumption and its impact on the environment. This trend can be observed in the surging demand for environmentally friendly and animal-test-free products on the market. However, despite the young consumer group’s critical role in the marketplace, existing research in this area remains limited, demanding further investigation. Recognising the significance of this trend, this study employs a two-stage partial least squares structural equation modelling-artificial neural network (PLS-SEM-ANN) approach to analyse the antecedents influencing green consumption among young Chinese consumers. This study proposes a conceptual research model that extends the norm activation model (NAM) by analysing 366 self-reported questionnaires. The first-stage PLS-SEM results reveal significant positive correlations between personal norms (PN), environmental knowledge (EK), information availability (IA), social norms (SN) and green consumption intention (GCI). However, face consciousness (FC) was found to have no significant effect on GCI. The second-stage ANN sensitivity analysis shows that PN emerged as the most influential factor on GCI, followed by IA, SN, and EK. This ranking diverges from the PLS-SEM results, suggesting potential hidden nonlinear relationships between IA, SN, EK and GCI. Among the significant predictors of PN, the ascription of responsibility (AR) ranks first, followed by an awareness of consequence (AC) and SN. With its unique two-stage PLS-SEM-ANN approach to green consumption among young consumers, this study offers valuable insights for both marketers and researchers. Marketers gain a new tool to predict GCI more effectively, while researchers can explore the intricate interplay of factors shaping sustainable consumption choices. Methodologically, the present study is one of the few that applies extended NAM using two-stage PLS-SEM-ANN in the context of green consumption.
Can place-based policy reduce carbon emissions? Evidence from industrial transformation and upgrading exemplary zone in China
Authors: Feng Yuan , Wang Liyuan , Nie Changfei
Published: July 2024

The effect of the place-based policies on sustainable development has received substantial attention in economic research. In China, the industrial transformation and upgrading exemplary zone policy is a prominent example of such policies, as it targets old industrial and resource-based cities. The paper provides an early assessment of the policy’s capability to reduce carbon emissions. Specifically, we use data from old industrial and resource-based cities for the period of 2012–2019 and apply the difference-in-differences method to examine the policy’s influence on total carbon emissions and intensity. The results show that the policy can effectively reduce carbon emissions through reducing energy consumption, promoting urban green innovation and tertiary industry agglomeration. Compared to resource-based cities, cities with a low level of economic development and central, western cities, this impact is more notable in old industrial cities, cities with a high level of economic development and eastern cities. Additional analysis reveals that the policy has beneficial spatial radiation impacts on the nearby cities as well. In the meanwhile, the strategy may have a synergy effect on reducing carbon emissions and pollution. The results of this study may have an impact on how nations implement place-based policies and reduce carbon emissions.
Microprotozooplankton as eutrophication bioindicator for tropical coastal lagoons
Authors: Rocha Gustavo Martins , de Carvalho e Féres Jordana , Kandler Gustavo Meira , Cagnin Renata Caiado , da Silva César Alexandro , Rodrigues Sarah Karoline , Lehrback Bethânia Dal’Col , Gramlich Kamila Cezar , Neto Renato Rodrigues , Sá Fabian , Fernandes Luiz Fernando Loureiro
Published: July 2024

Context and aims A reliable bioindicator index of eutrophication is still lacking for monitoring zooplankton in saline, coastal lagoons. We aimed to establish plankton bioindicators of eutrophication that are not affected by salinity variation, which is essential for environmental monitoring of coastal lagoons. Methods Sampling was conducted for microprotozooplankton, chlorophyll-a, nutrients and sterols in eight tropical coastal lagoons with different saline and nutrient concentrations. A testate amoeba and rotifer bioindication index of eutrophication (T&R index) was proposed after establishing a list of indicator species on the basis of five statistical criteria and one bibliographic criterion. Key results Selected species, based on the six criteria, were Arcella hemisphaerica, Brachionus plicatilis, Galeripora (Arcella) discoides, Netzelia corona, Lecane closterocerca, Lepadela patella and Testudinela patina. Biodiversity measures, traditionally used in biomonitoring, varied negatively with salinity (r = −0.60 for Margalef richness and −0.59 for Shannon diversity) and were not correlated with nutrient concentrations. Conversely, the T&R index showed no correlation with salinity (r = 0.002) and was positively correlated with the trophic-state index (TSI) (r = 0.62). Conclusions and implications Our results showed that specific patterns of indicator microprotozooplankton species can effectively diagnose organic pollution in coastal lagoons and their use is a more suitable approach than is the use of community indicators such as richness, evenness and diversity, traditionally used for that task.
Rydberg-Atom Terahertz Heterodyne Receiver with Ultrahigh Spectral Resolution
Authors: She 佘 Zhenyue 圳跃 , Zhu 祝 Xiaojie 孝杰 , Lin 林 Yayi 雅益 , Li 李 Xianzhe 显喆 , Yang 杨 Xiaolin 小林 , Shang 尚 Yanfei 燕飞 , Teng 滕 Yuqin 玉勤 , Tu 涂 Haitao 海涛 , Liao 廖 Kaiyu 开宇 , Zhang 张 Caixia 彩霞 , Liu 刘 Xiaohong 笑宏 , Chen 陈 Jiehua 杰华 , Huang 黄 Wei 巍
Published: July 2024

Terahertz heterodyne receivers with high sensitivity and spectral resolution are crucial for various applications. Here, we present a room-temperature atomic terahertz heterodyne receiver that achieves ultrahigh sensitivity and frequency resolution. At a signal frequency of 338.7 GHz, we obtain a sensitivity of 2.88 ± 0.09 μV⋅cm−1⋅Hz−1/2 for electric field measurements. The calibrated linear dynamical range spans approximately 89 dB, ranging from −110 dBV/cm to −21 dBV/cm. We demodulate a 400 symbol stream encoded in 4-state phase-shift keying, demonstrating excellent phase detection capability. By scanning the frequency of the local oscillator, we realize a terahertz spectrometer with Hz level frequency resolution. This resolution is more than two orders of magnitude higher than that of existing terahertz spectrometers. The demonstrated terahertz heterodyne receiver holds promising potential for working across the entire terahertz spectrum, significantly advancing its practical applications.
Exciton Bose–Einstein Condensation in Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Monolayer under In-Plane Magnetic Fields
Authors: Wang 王 Dengfeng 登峰 , Chen 陈 Yingda 颖达 , Niu 牛 Zhi-Chuan 智川 , Lou 娄 Wen-Kai 文凯 , Chang 常 Kai 凯
Published: July 2024

Based on the Gross–Pitaevskii equation, we theoretically investigate exciton Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC) in transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers (TMDC-MLs) under in-plane magnetic fields. We observe that the in-plane magnetic fields exert a strong influence on the exciton BEC wave functions in TMDC-MLs because of the mixing of the bright and dark exciton states via Zeeman effect. This leads to the brightening of the dark exciton BEC states. The competition between the dipole–dipole interactions caused by the long-range Coulomb interaction and the Zeeman effect induced by the in-plane magnetic fields can effectively regulate dark exciton BEC states. Our findings emphasize the utility of TMD-MLs as platforms for investigating collective phenomenon involving excited states.
Quantum group intertwiner space from quantum curved tetrahedron
Authors: Han Muxin , Hsiao Chen-Hung , Pan Qiaoyin
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we develop a quantum theory of homogeneously curved tetrahedron geometry, by applying the combinatorial quantization to the phase space of tetrahedron shapes defined in Haggard et al (2016 Ann. Henri Poincaré
17 2001–48). Our method is based on the relation between this phase space and the moduli space of SU(2) flat connections on a 4-punctured sphere. The quantization results in the physical Hilbert space as the solution of the quantum closure constraint, which quantizes the classical closure condition

M
4

M
3

M
2

M
1

=
1

,

M
ν

∈

SU

(
2
)

, for the homogeneously curved tetrahedron. The quantum group

U

q

(

su

(
2
)
)

emerges as the gauge symmetry of a quantum tetrahedron. The physical Hilbert space of the quantum tetrahedron coincides with the Hilbert space of 4-valent intertwiners of

U

q

(

su

(
2
)
)

. In addition, we define the area operators quantizing the face areas of the tetrahedron and compute the spectrum. The resulting spectrum is consistent with the usual Loop-Quantum-Gravity area spectrum in the large spin regime but is different for small spins. This work closely relates to 3+1 dimensional Loop Quantum Gravity in presence of cosmological constant and provides a justification for the emergence of quantum group in the theory.
Model of non-equilibrium near-cathode plasma layers for simulation of ignition of high-pressure arcs on cold refractory cathodes
Authors: Santos D F N , Almeida N A , Benilova L G , Benilov M S
Published: July 2024

The introduction of secondary ion-electron emission into an approximate model of non-equilibrium plasma layers on hot (thermionic) cathodes of high-pressure arc discharges allows extending the model to low cathode surface temperatures. Analysis of evaluation results shows that the extended model describes glow-like discharges on cold cathodes and thermionic arc discharges on hot cathodes, as it should. In the course of glow-to-arc transitions on cold cathodes, a transient regime occurs where a hot arc spot has just formed and a significant fraction of the current still flows to the cold surface outside the spot, so that the near-cathode voltage continues to be high. The power input in the near-cathode layer is very high in this regime, and so is the electron temperature in the near-cathode region. The mean free path for collisions between the atoms and the ions in these conditions exceeds the thickness of the layer where the ion current to the cathode is generated. A new method for evaluation of the ion current under such conditions is implemented. The developed model is applicable for cathode surface temperatures below the boiling point of the cathode material and may be used for multidimensional simulations of ignition of high-current arcs on refractory cathodes.
Fault diagnosis of control valves based on small-sample hybrid physics improved Resnet
Authors: Xiaolin Wang , Hongkun Li , Zhihua Cheng
Published: July 2024

Pneumatic control valves, as vital components of industrial process automation, ensure the smooth operation of industrial production systems. However, they are susceptible to various malfunctions due to harsh working environments and complex transmission media, which can significantly impact production safety and efficiency. To address the challenge of obtaining fault data in actual operational settings, we constructed a fault test bench for pneumatic control valves and simulated a variety of fault conditions. We collected 421 fault data samples across four valve opening conditions, categorizing them into 27 distinct states with varying sample sizes, averaging 3–4 samples per state. To tackle the small-sample issue, we proposed a data augmentation method using periodic extension, validated through comparative analysis with other algorithms. Additionally, we innovatively analyze the data flow of pneumatic control valves and explore the relationships between different parameters. Based on these relationships, the input structure of the residual network is optimized. The above theoretical approach reduces the number of variables that need to be captured by the pneumatic control valve inspection system. Finally, through experiments under extreme conditions, our approach successfully diagnoses faults in 26 subclasses of pneumatic control valves, providing a reliable safeguard for industrial production safety and stability.
Research on circuit breaker operating mechanism feature extraction method combining ICEEMDAN-MRSVD denoising and VMD-PSE
Authors: Yan Renwu , Zhuang Weiling , Yu Ning
Published: July 2024

The vibration signal associated with the operating process of circuit breakers(CBs) includes a detailed operating status in the formation of the operating mechanism. To effectively extract the characteristic information of vibration effectively for diagnosis and analysis, a new feature extraction method for the CBs operating mechanism is proposed. First, a new denoising method, the improved complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise-multi-resolution singular value decomposition (ICEEMDAN-MRSVD), is introduced, which can effectively remove the influence of noise on faults. Then, a quantitative method is proposed to extract the characteristic information of the CB, i.e. the variational mode decomposition (VMD)-power spectrum entropy (PSE) is proposed. By using this method, the difference of CB vibration signals in different fault states can be quantified. Through comparative analysis of different recognition models, experiments show that the support vector machine model based on ICEEMDAN-MRSVD noise reduction and VMD-PSE features has a high recognition accuracy of 98.61%, which has high application value.
Enhanced Semantic Visual Cryptography with AI-driven error reduction for improved two-dimensional image quality and security
Authors: Rong Rong , Shravage Chetana , Selva Mary G , John Blesswin A , Gayathri M , Catherine Esther Karunya A , Shibani R , Sambas Aceng
Published: July 2024

Visual Cryptography (VC) has emerged as a vital technique in the information security domain, with the fundamental purpose of securing 2-Dimensional (2D) image content through encryption and facilitating secure communication. While traditional VC has been instrumental in safeguarding data, it often falls short in maintaining image quality and semantic accuracy upon reconstruction. To address these limitations, this research encompasses the development of an Enhanced Semantic VC (ESVC) model, which aims to refine the encryption process while ensuring the semantic integrity of the images. The ESVC model introduces a new approach that merges VC with artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance 2D image encryption and decryption. The novel aspect of this research lies in the integration of AI-driven reinforcement learning (RL) to increase the quality of the 2D image by measuring the errors between the original secret image and the reconstructed image. This innovative framework is tailored for the secure transmission of 2D grayscale images, ensuring the preservation of semantic integrity while measuring and minimizing image quality loss. By integrating RL algorithms with a measurement of error reduction protocol, the model promises robust encryption capabilities with enhanced resilience against a plethora of cyber threats, thereby elevating the standard for secure image communication. Empirical evaluation of the ESVC model yields promising results, with the Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) of reconstructed images achieving impressive values between +39 and +42 decibels (dB). These findings underscore the ESVC model’s capability to produce high-fidelity decrypted images, significantly surpassing traditional VC methods in both security and image quality. The research findings illuminate the potential of merging AI with VC to achieve a harmonious balance between computational efficiency and encryption strength, marking a significant advancement in the domain of visual data protection.
FP-Deeplab: a segmentation model for fabric defect detection
Authors: Liu Yu , Shen Jie , Ye Ruifan , Wang Shu , Ren Jia , Pan Haipeng
Published: July 2024

Deep learning for defect detection has become prevalent to improve fabric production and efficiency and quality. However, fabric defect detection faces challenges such as low recognition ratio, suboptimal classification performance, poor detection inefficiency, and high model complexity. To address these issues, an end-to-end semantic segmentation network is proposed employing an efficient encoder-decoder structure, denoted as Feature Pyramid-Deeplab (FP-Deeplab). The improvements involves enhancing the backbone network by improving the MobileNetV3 network for superior performance, a novel Atrous Spatial Pyramid Pooling with Dilated Strip Pooling (ASPP-DSP) module which combines strip pooling, dilated convolution and ASPP, to ensure an expanded receptive field and the capability to gather distant contextual information. Additionally, a Feature Pyramid module (FP module) is proposed to integrate multiscale features at various stages more efficiently. The incorporating of depth-wise separable convolution in FP-Deeplab enables significant parameter and computational cost reduction, catering to online detection requirements. Experimental results certify the superiority of FP-Deeplab over classical and recent segmentation models. Comparative analysis demonstrates higher segmentation accuracy and reduced parameter quantity. Specifically, compared to the benchmark Deeplabv3+ model with MobileV2 as the backbone, FP-Deeplab achieves a notable increase in segmentation accuracy (F1 score and MIoU) by 4.26% and 5.81%, respectively. Moreover, the model parameters (params) are only one-fifth of the original model, indicating the efficiency and effectiveness of our proposed approach.
Current application and future perspective of CRISPR/cas9 gene editing system mediated immune checkpoint for liver cancer treatment
Authors: Tong Ling-Wu , Hu Yong-Shan , Yu Shi-Jing , Li Cheng-Lei , Shao Jing-Wei
Published: July 2024

Liver cancer, which is well-known to us as one of human most prevalent malignancies across the globe, poses a significant risk to live condition and life safety of individuals in every region of the planet. It has been shown that immune checkpoint treatment may enhance survival benefits and make a significant contribution to patient prognosis, which makes it a promising and popular therapeutic option for treating liver cancer at the current time. However, there are only a very few numbers of patients who can benefit from the treatment and there also exist adverse events such as toxic effects and so on, which is still required further research and discussion. Fortunately, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) provides a potential strategy for immunotherapy and immune checkpoint therapy of liver cancer. In this review, we focus on elucidating the fundamentals of the recently developed CRISPR/Cas9 technology as well as the present-day landscape of immune checkpoint treatment which pertains to liver cancer. What’s more, we aim to explore the molecular mechanism of immune checkpoint treatment in liver cancer based on CRISPR/Cas9 technology. At last, its encouraging and powerful potential in the future application of the clinic is discussed, along with the issues that already exist and the difficulties that must be overcome. To sum up, our ultimate goal is to create a fresh knowledge that we can utilize this new CRISPR/Cas9 technology for the current popular immune checkpoint therapy to overcome the treatment issues of liver cancer.
Projected WIMP sensitivity of the CDEX-50 dark matter experiment
Authors: Geng X.P. , Yang L.T. , Yue Q. , Kang K.J. , Li Y.J. , An H.P. , C Greeshma , Chang J.P. , Chen Y.H. , Cheng J.P. , Dai W.H. , Deng Z. , Fang C.H. , Gong H. , Guo Q.J. , Guo T. , Guo X.Y. , He L. , He S.M. , Hu J.W. , Huang H.X. , Huang T.C. , Jiang L. , Karmakar S. , Li H.B. , Li H.Y. , Li J.M. , Li J. , Li Q.Y. , Li R.M.J. , Li X.Q. , Li Y.L. , Liang Y.F. , Liao B. , Lin F.K. , Lin S.T. , Liu J.X. , Liu S.K. , Liu Y.D. , Liu Y. , Liu Y.Y. , Ma H. , Mao Y.C. , Nie Q.Y. , Ning J.H. , Pan H. , Qi N.C. , Ren J. , Ruan X.C. , Singh M.K. , Sun T.X. , Tang C.J. , Tian Y. , Wang G.F. , Wang J.Z. , Wang L. , Wang Q. , Wang Y.F. , Wang Y.X. , Wong H.T. , Wu S.Y. , Wu Y.C. , Xing H.Y. , Xu R. , Xu Y. , Xue T. , Yan Y.L. , Yi N. , Yu C.X. , Yu H.J. , Yue J.F. , Zeng M. , Zeng Z. , Zhang B.T. , Zhang F.S. , Zhang L. , Zhang Z.H. , Zhang Z.Y. , Zhao J.Z. , Zhao K.K. , Zhao M.G. , Zhou J.F. , Zhou Z.Y. , Zhu J.J. ,   The CDEX collaboration
Published: July 2024

CDEX-50 is a next-generation project of the China Dark Matter Experiment (CDEX) that aims to search for dark matter using a 50-kg germanium detector array. This paper comprises a thorough summary of the CDEX-50 dark matter experiment, including an investigation of potential background sources and the development of a background model. Based on the baseline model, the projected sensitivity of weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) is also presented. The expected background level within the energy region of interest, set to 2–2.5 keVee, is ∼0.01 counts keVee-1 kg-1 day-1. At 90% confidence level, the expected sensitivity to spin-independent WIMP-nucleon couplings is estimated to reach a cross-section of 5.1 × 10-45 cm2 for a WIMP mass of 5 GeV/c2 with an exposure objective of 150 kg·year and an analysis threshold of 160 eVee. This science goal will correspond to the most sensitive results for WIMPs with a mass of 2.2–8 GeV/c2.
Sensitivity to sub-GeV dark matter from cosmic-ray scattering with very-high-energy gamma-ray observatories
Authors: Reis Igor , Moulin Emmanuel , Viana Aion , Goncalves Victor P.
Published: July 2024

Huge efforts have been deployed to detect dark matter (DM) in the GeV-TeV mass range involving various detection techniques, and led to strong constraints in the available parameter space. We compute here the sensitivity to sub-GeV DM that can be probed from the inevitable cosmic-ray scattering onto DM particles populating the Milky Way halo. Inelastic scattering of energetic cosmic rays off DM would produce high-energy gamma rays in the final state, providing a new avenue to probe the poorly-constrained so far sub-GeV dark matter mass range. In this work we derive
sensitivity forecasts for the inelastic cosmic-ray proton-DM cross section for current and future very-high-energy gamma-ray observatories such as H.E.S.S., LHAASO, CTA and SWGO in the 100 eV to 100 MeV mass range. These inelastic cross section constraints are converted to the elastic proton-DM cross section
to highlight further complementarity with cosmological, collider and direct detection searches.
The sensitivity computed at 95% confidence level on the elastic cross section reaches ∼2 × 10-32 cm2 for a 100 keV DM mass for H.E.S.S.-like and ∼7 × 10-34 cm2 for a ∼1 keV DM mass for LHAASO. The sensitivity prospects for CTA and a strawman SWGO model reach ∼6 × 10-34 cm2 and ∼4 × 10-35 cm2, for DM masses of 10 keV and 1 keV, respectively. The sensitivity reach of the gamma-ray observatories considered here enables to probe an uncharted region of the DM mass-cross section parameter space.
Enhancing Exoplanet Ephemerides by Leveraging Professional and Citizen Science Data: A Test Case with WASP-77 A b
Authors: Noguer Federico R. , Corley Suber , Pearson Kyle A. , Zellem Robert T. , Simon Molly N. , Burt Jennifer A. , Huckabee Isabela , August Prune C. , Weiner Mansfield Megan , Dalba Paul A. , Smith Peter C. B. , Banks Timothy , Bell Ira , Daniel Dominique , Dawson Lindsay , De Mula Jesús , Deldem Marc , Deligeorgopoulos Dimitrios , Di Sisto Romina P. , Dymock Roger , Evans Phil , Follero Giulio , Fowler Martin J. F. , Fernández-Lajús Eduardo , Hamrick Alex , Iannascoli Nicoletta , Kovacs Andre O. , Kulh Denis Henrique , Lopresti Claudio , Marino Antonio , Martin Bryan E. , Matassa Paolo Arcangelo , Napoleão Tasso Augusto , Nastasi Alessandro , Norris Anthony , Odasso Alessandro , Paschalis Nikolaos I. , Pintr Pavel , Postiglione Jake , Randolph Justus , Regembal François , Rousselot Lionel , Gonçalves da Silva Sergio José , Smith Andrew , Tomacelli Andrea
Published: July 2024

We present an updated ephemeris, and physical parameters, for the exoplanet WASP-77 A b. In this effort, we combine 64 ground- and space-based transit observations, 6 space-based eclipse observations, and 32 radial velocity observations to produce this target's most precise orbital solution to date aiding in the planning of James Webb Space Telescope and Ariel observations and atmospheric studies. We report a new orbital period of 1.360029395 ± 5.7 × 10−8 days, a new mid-transit time of 2459957.337860 ± 4.3 × 10−5 Barycentric Julian Date in the Barycentric Dynamical Timescale (BJDTDB) and a new mid-eclipse time of 2459956.658192 ± 6.7 × 10−5 BJDTDB. Furthermore, the methods presented in this study reduce the uncertainties in the planet's mass 1.6654 ± 4.5 × 10−3
M
Jup and orbital period 1.360029395 ± 5.7 × 10−8 days by factors of 15.1 and 10.9, respectively. Through a joint fit analysis comparison of transit data taken by space-based and citizen science-led initiatives, our study demonstrates the power of including data collected by citizen scientists compared to a fit of the space-based data alone. Additionally, by including a vast array of citizen science data from ExoClock, Exoplanet Transit Database, and Exoplanet Watch, we can increase our observational baseline and thus acquire better constraints on the forward propagation of our ephemeris than what is achievable with Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite data alone.
New patterns of localized excitations in (2+1)-dimensions: The fifth-order asymmetric Nizhnik–Novikov–Veselov equation
Authors: Wang Jianyong , Chai Yuanhua
Published: July 2024

By applying the mastersymmetry of degree one to the time-independent symmetry K
1, the fifth-order asymmetric Nizhnik–Novikov–Veselov system is derived. The variable separation solution is obtained by using the truncated Painlevé expansion with a special seed solution. New patterns of localized excitations, such as dromioff, instanton moving on a curved line, and tempo-spatial breather, are constructed. Additionally, fission or fusion solitary wave solutions are presented, graphically illustrated by several interesting examples.
How climate change is impacting the Brazilian agricultural sector: evidence from a systematic literature review
Authors: Fiorini Ana Carolina Oliveira , Angelkorte Gerd , Bakman Tamar , Baptista Luiz Bernardo , Cruz Talita , A Diuana Fabio , Morais Taísa Nogueira , Rathmann Régis , da Silva Fábio T F , Tagomori Isabela , Zanon-Zotin Marianne , Lucena André F P , Szklo Alexandre , Schaeffer Roberto , Portugal-Pereira Joana
Published: July 2024

Climate change is one of the biggest threats to global food security, with observed impacts already affecting agriculture. This study aims to systematize and analyze the observed biophysical impacts and their evolution in agriculture in Brazil. For this, we carry out a systematic literature review that includes 1844 articles in the first stage, and 53 articles with synthesized information retrieved. Temperature and precipitation are the most studied climate variables when considering observed climate impact on food production, with corn, soybeans, and sugarcane as the major crops assessed. We also identify regional patterns of both positive and negative trends due to climate change: 67% of assessed studies report negative impacts, 15% both negative and positive, 11% neutral relationships and only 7% reveal positive effects. The diversity in scope and methodological approaches across studies presents a challenge, as only a fraction sufficiently contextualizes baseline conditions, not allowing for a comprehensive understanding of impact attribution. Nonetheless, the literature spotlights productivity declines in cassava, cocoa, rice and wheat. As for corn, soybeans, and sugarcane studies reveal both positive and negative impacts, depending on baseline premises. The call for more transparent and comprehensive studies is urgent, especially to encompass a broader range of food crops, particularly in family farming systems and across diverse regional scales. Such studies are imperative for advancing evidence-based climate-resilient strategies in agriculture aiming to map and prevent negative impacts, while promoting positive outcomes in food production.