bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Searching of optimal conditions and development of analysis of isocyanate groups in prepolymers
Authors: Pozhidaeva S. D. , Pozhidaeva V. V.
Published: October 2024

The purpose of the work was to study the options for volumetric analysis of isocyanate groups in prepolymers and to search for factors affecting the accuracy of the analysis in order to identify differences between the values specified by the manufacturer and those obtained in the laboratory.

Metods. Intermediate polymerization products based on isocyanates from two or more monomeric units used for the production of polyurethanes, the quality of which is determined by the optimal ratio of isocyanate and hydroxyl groups, were selected as the object of research. The NCO index was determined by the volumetric method based on the interaction of isocyanate groups with diethylamine, with confirmation of the results by methods of mathematical statistics.

Results. the work analyzes currently known methods for determining the content of isocyanate groups in prepolymers and identifies differences in the technique of execution. A volumetric method for determining the NCO index based on the interaction of isocyanate groups with diethylamine was used. The solubility of industrial prepolymer samples was evaluated and the dissolution rate was calculated, on the basis of which the optimal volume of the solution and prepolymer samples were determined, providing an accurate determination of the isocyanate number. The adjusted conditions allowed us to reach the required value of the NCO index of the SKU prepolymer, calculated on the basis of static processing of the results and the construction of the Gauss distribution curve. Changes in the methodology make it possible to reach a certified value of the indicator, which allows its use for further calculations in the synthesis of polyurethane.

Conclusion. Recommendations for determining the isocyanate index for the analysis of prepolymer by the volumetric method will help to monitor incoming raw materials for compliance with certificates to perform an accurate calculation of raw materials in the synthesis of polyurethane.Key words: prepolymer, polyurethane, isocyanate index, volumetric analysis, diethylamine, solubility.
The process of evaporation of a colloidal solution of stabilized Boron nitride nanoparticles
Authors: Loktionova I. V. , Abakumov P. V. , Kuzmenko A. P. , Kolpakov A. I.
Published: October 2024

Purpose. Characterization of the chemical structure of boron nitride nanoparticles by IR spectroscopy during the evaporation of their colloidal system and their sizes by small-angle X-ray scattering.

Methods. The solvent evaporation process from the colloidal system was studied using a Nicolet iS 50 FT-IR spectrometer in the mid-IR range (400 – 4000 cm-1), with an attenuated total reflectance accessory with a diamond crystal (incident angle of 45°) and a liquid cell (200 μL). The sizes of the colloidal particles were determined using an smallangle X-ray scattering diffractometer in linear collimation mode (resolution 0.03 nm-1, copper anode X-ray tube 2.2 kW, λ = 0.154 nm, exposure time 30 s).

Results. The IR spectrum of boron nitride nanoparticles powder was measured, containing lines characteristic of cubic (952 cm-1) ) – c-BN and hexagonal crystalline phases (758, 1301, and 1372 cm-1)  – h-BN. The average size of boron nitride nanoparticles in the colloidal system, according to small-angle X-ray scattering data, was 46 and 84 nm. The size of stearic acid, which acts as a stabilizing shell, was 0.8, 1.3, and 2.5 nm. Analysis of the IR spectra showed complete evaporation of the solvents (hexane and chloroform) from a drop of colloidal solution 1.2 mm thick within 30 minutes.

Conclusion. In this work, the average sizes of boron nitride nanoparticles stabilized with stearic acid in a colloidal system were determined and the process of its evaporation was studied.
Effect of a Feedback Visit and a Clinical Decision Support System Based on Antibiotic Prescription Audit in Primary Care: Multiarm Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Jeanmougin Pauline , Larramendy Stéphanie , Fournier Jean-Pascal , Gaultier Aurélie , Rat Cédric
Published: October 2024

Background

While numerous antimicrobial stewardship programs aim to decrease inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions, evidence of their positive impact is needed to optimize future interventions.

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate 2 multifaceted antibiotic stewardship interventions for inappropriate systemic antibiotic prescription in primary care.

Methods

An open-label, cluster-randomized controlled trial of 2501 general practitioners (GPs) working in western France was conducted from July 2019 to January 2021. Two interventions were studied: the standard intervention, consisting of a visit by a health insurance representative who gave prescription feedback and provided a leaflet for treating cystitis and tonsillitis; and a clinical decision support system (CDSS)–based intervention, consisting of a visit with prescription feedback and a CDSS demonstration on antibiotic prescribing. The control group received no intervention. Data on systemic antibiotic dispensing was obtained from the National Health Insurance System (Système National d’Information Inter-Régimes de l’Assurance Maladie) database. The overall antibiotic volume dispensed per GP at 12 months was compared between arms using a 2-level hierarchical analysis of covariance adjusted for annual antibiotic prescription volume at baseline.

Results

Overall, 2501 GPs were randomized (n=1099, 43.9% women). At 12 months, the mean volume of systemic antibiotics per GP decreased by 219.2 (SD 61.4; 95% CI −339.5 to −98.8; P<.001) defined daily doses in the CDSS-based visit group compared with the control group. The decrease in the mean volume of systemic antibiotics dispensed per GP was not significantly different between the standard visit group and the control group (−109.7, SD 62.4; 95% CI −232.0 to 12.5 defined daily doses; P=.08).

Conclusions

A visit by a health insurance representative combining feedback and a CDSS demonstration resulted in a 4.4% (-219.2/4930) reduction in the total volume of systemic antibiotic prescriptions in 12 months.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04028830; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04028830
Optimizing Compassion Training in Medical Trainees Using an Adjunct mHealth App: A Preliminary Single-Arm Feasibility and Acceptability Study
Authors: Wooldridge Jennalee S , Soriano Emily C , Chu Gage , Shirazi Anaheed , Shapiro Desiree , Patterson Marta , Kim Hyun-Chung , Herbert Matthew S
Published: October 2024

Background

While structured compassion training programs have shown promise for increasing compassion among medical trainees, a major challenge is applying the concepts and practices taught during the program into the complex, dynamic, time-pressured, and often hectic hospital workplace.

Objective

The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of Compassion Coach, a mobile health (mHealth) smartphone app designed to bolster a 6-week mindfulness and self-compassion training program for medical trainees.

Methods

In Compassion Coach, notifications to remind, encourage, and measure the perceived impact of informal mindfulness and compassion practices taught during the program were delivered at 7 AM, 12 PM, and 7 PM, respectively, 3 times per week over the course of the training program. The app also contained a library of guided audio formal mindfulness and compassion practices to allow quick and easy access. In this pilot study, we collected data from 29 medical students and residents who downloaded Compassion Coach and completed surveys assessing perceived effectiveness and acceptability. Engagement with the Compassion Coach app was passively tracked through notification response rate and library resource access over time.

Results

The average response rate to notifications was 58% (SD 29%; range 12%-98%), with a significant decline over time (P=.009; odds ratio 0.98, 95% CI 0.96-0.99). Across all participants and occasions, the majority agreed the informal practices prompted by Compassion Coach helped them feel grounded and centered (110/150, 73%), improved compassion (29/41, 71%), reduced burnout (106/191, 56%), and improved their mood (133/191, 70%). In total, 16 (55%) of the 29 participants accessed guided audio recordings on average 3 (SD 3.4) times throughout the program. At the posttreatment time point, most participants (13/18, 72%) indicated that Compassion Coach helped them engage in compassion practices in daily life, and half (9/18, 50%) indicated that Compassion Coach helped improve interactions with patients.

Conclusions

Overall, preliminary results of Compassion Coach are encouraging and suggest the integration of a smartphone app with an ongoing mindfulness and self-compassion training program may bolster the effects of the program on medical trainees. However, there was variability in engagement with Compassion Coach and perceived helpfulness. Additional research is indicated to optimize this novel mHealth approach and conduct a study powered to formally evaluate effects.
Formulation And Physical Properties Evaluation Of Beach Morning Glory (Ipomoea Pescaprae) Leaves Ointment
Authors: Meddo Lorenza Garnida  , Delladari Mayefis  , Habibie Deswilyaz  , Mega Sari Diani , Arie Vonikartika
Published: October 2024

Background: Sea kangkung is one of the plants used as traditional medicine which is widely used as a topical medicine, one of which is to treat jellyfish stings and ulcers. This study aims to determine how to formulate ointment preparations from sea kangkung extract and to test the physical properties of sea kangkung preparations. Methods: Sea kangkung leaves were extracted using the maceration method using methanol as a solvent and then made preparations in the form of an ointment using concentration variations, namely (F1) - , (F2) 1 % , (F3), 3 % (F4), 5 % (F5) 10 %. Furthermore, the physical stability test of the ointment was carried out, namely the Cycling Test including organoleptic test, homogeneity test, pH test and spreadability. Results: The results obtained that sea kangkung extract ointment has a fairly good stability based on the stability test of the third formula, which is the most stable preparation.
Relationship between knowledge and attitude toward travel health preparation behaviour of air travellers during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Alhaque Nitya Fithra Salsabila , Savitri Pritha Maya , Muti Annisa Farida , Hadiwiardjo Yanti Harjono
Published: October 2024

COVID-19 is a highly contagious disease. People who travel in this situation, including air travel, can increase the risk of transmitting or being transmitted by COVID-19. The attack rate of COVID-19 during air travel is 4.8%. It is necessary to form a new behaviour regarding good health preparation before travelling to prevent the spread of COVID-19. A person's behaviour can be affected by knowledge and attitude. This research aims to determine the relationship between knowledge and attitude towards the travel health preparation behaviour of air travellers during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research is an observational analytical study with a cross-sectional approach. The population in this study was people who travelled by air from Soekarno-Hatta International Airport during the COVID-19 pandemic, with inclusion sample criteria of people who travelled by air in June – October 2021 and were aged 15–64 years old. The sample was collected using a purposive sampling technique using social media, and 104 respondents were obtained. The data was collected using an online questionnaire via a Google form. The result shows that the majority of respondents have good knowledge (44.2%), a positive attitude (59.6%) and good behaviour (76%). There was no significant relation between knowledge and behaviour (p=0.066) and a significant relation between attitudes and behaviour (p=0.000). This result can be caused by several factors influencing behaviour, such as other predisposing factors (besides knowledge and attitudes), enabling factors, and reinforcing factors, such as easy access to massive information about the COVID-19 pandemic and strict government regulation.
Development microemulsion formulation combination of citronella and red ginger essential oil
Authors: Chasanah Uswatun , Wardhani Ellen Kusuma , Ermawati Dian
Published: October 2024

Acne vulgaris is a skin health problem. Citronella oil contains citronellal, geraniol, geranial, β-citronellol, and neral, which have antibacterial properties. Meanwhile, red ginger oil contains gingerol, which has anti-inflammatory properties. These two ingredients are suitable for treating acne vulgaris. The aim of this study are to develop microemulsion formulation combination of citronella and red ginger essential oil. In this experimental study, a microemulsion combination of citronella essential oil and red ginger essential oil was made using Tween 80 as a surfactant and Transcutol® as a co-surfactant, with variations of S-mix (surfactant:cosurfactant) of 3:3, 4:2, and 4.5:1.5 ratios. As an oil carrier, isopropyl myristate is used. The microemulsions are formulated using a titration method. The microemulsion was then tested for characteristics and stability. The results show that the most optimal microemulsion formula was obtained with an S-mix ratio of 4:2 with a globule size of 21.64 nm, a Polydispersion Index of 0.15, and a zeta potential of -3.82. Its pH and viscosity meet the required specifications and are stable.
Determination of Phenolic Total, Flavonoid Total, Antioxidant Assay and Inhibition of Xanthine Oxidase Enzyme Activity Kemloko Fruits Extract (Phyllanthus Embilica. L)
Authors: Wirasti Wirasti , Khusna Santika Rahmasari  , Isyti'aroh
Published: October 2024

People use Kemloko Fruits as sweets and some also use it as a herbal medicine to reduce uric acid. The sour-tasting Kemloko fruit contains a lot of ascorbic acid. Ascorbic acid and ingredients contained in it have the effect of preventing or reducing uric acid levels. The aim of this research was to treat the antioxidant effect and inhibitory of the xanthine oxidase enzyme Kemloko Fruit extract, as well as determine the phenolic total and flavonoid total levels. The method used to make Kemloko fruit extract uses maceration with ethanol 96% solvent. The phytochemical screening method uses an in-tube reaction for flavonoid content using the Shinoda test, alkaloids using the Dregendorf reagent, saponins using the foam test and terpenoids/steroids using the Liebermann Burchard reagent. Meanwhile, the methods for determining phenolics and flavonoids total are the colorimetric used spectrophotometry UV-Vis, the DPPH methods for antioxidant assay, and measurenment of inhibiting xanthin oxidase activity using a microplate at a wavelength  of 375 nm. Qualitative data produced by the ethanol extract of Kemloko fruit contains tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins and glycosides. Meanwhile, Quantitative data showed that the phenolic and flavonoid total levels were 1465.63±0.003 mgGAE/g extract and  9.52±0.001 µg/mL, respectively, as well as the IC50 for xanthin oxidase enzyme inhibition of  20.65  µg/mL and the IC50 antioxidant power of 9.49 ±0.0007 µg/mL. Kemloko fruit ethanol extract contains tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins and glycosides has inhibitor activity against xanthine oxidase and antioxidant is a strong.
Organoleptic and Chemical Properties of SERANGI Herbal Drink: A Blend of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus L.) and Holy Basil (Ocimum sanctum L.) as Immune Booster.
Authors: Fidyasari Ambar , Ayu Ristamaya Yusuf  , Nafila Nada Dzikri
Published: October 2024

Herbal drinks have therapeutic and refreshing properties. Some plethora of botanicals are used as herbal drink ingredients, including simplicia from lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus L.) and holy basil  (Ocinum sanctum L.). This research was performed to assess the organoleptic and chemical characteristics of lemongrass and holy basil simplicia herbal drink named Serangi.  The research underwent two phases: organoleptic testing in the first stage and chemical analysis in the second stage to evaluate pH, vitamin C levels, and total phenols in Serangi herbal drink. Three repetitions had been performed to gain data mean values and standard deviation before being analyzed using General Linear ANOVA model (GLM) on the Minitab 20 software. Results revealed panelists' preferences for F3 in terms of color, aroma, and taste, with ratings of 4.12, 4.02, and 4.05, respectively. All Serangi drink samples met the pH requirements, falling within the 3-8 range, where F3 exhibited the highest vitamin C content of 1.224% and total phenol content of 122.10 mg GAE/100g/ml. Serangi herbal drink is rich in vitamin C and secondary metabolites and it offers immune-boosting benefits.
The Educational Policy of Julian the Apostate
Authors: Csízy Katalin
Published: October 2024

Julian the Apostate, the last pagan ruler of the Roman Empire has left a rich correspondence, the content of which is extremely varied. The epistles, most of which are authentic, form a separate volume in the editions and can be divided into four groups. The first group consists of the so-called Gallic letters, the second group includes the letters of Illyria and Constantinople, the letters from Asia Minor form the third group. Finally, the letters written from Antioch complete the list. In the following, we will discuss the School Edict and more particularly the letter that accompanies it (Ep. 61 Bidez – second group of letters). The decree of the Codex Theodosianus, dated 17 June 362, was rather short-lived, being in force only from July 362 to 11 January 364, but it is nevertheless an outstanding document of ancient educational history since no other emperor had previously issued similar regulations on the operation of teachers. Alongside this decree we may place the edict associated with Justinian (Cod. Just. I,5,18,4; I,11,10,2), which, conversely, forbids the pagan rhetors from education, but in the sixth century no one attempted to criticise it.
Natur – Geschichte – Schreibung - Die Grenzsituation der Naturalis Historia von Plinius dem Älteren
Authors: Darab Ágnes
Published: October 2024

According to the preface, Pliny’s Natural History belongs to the genre of historia, of which subject is the nature. At the same time, the preface offers other genre classifications as well: encyclios paideia, thaesaurus. Pliny himself points out the novelty of his work: Libros naturalis historiae […] novicium opus (praef. 1.). Regarding Pliny’s peculiar concept of nature, in terms of the genre and literary history, Natural History can be interpreted as a borderline case.
Production of Lipase Enzyme by Marine Actinobacteria With Various pH and Temperature
Authors: Aulia Muhammad Rizqi , Agustriana Eva , Fitri Lenni
Published: October 2024

Abstract: The demand for enzymes as biocatalysts in industry is very high. Research and development of different types of enzymes from different sources has started. One very important enzyme to study is the enzyme lipase. Lipase enzymes are enzymes of the hydrolase class that catalyze the hydrolysis of triglycerides to glycerol and free fatty acids. Lipases are found in a variety of sources including animals, plants, and microorganisms. Marine microorganisms, including marine actinobacteria, cannot be separated from this enzyme source's research and development process. The purpose of this study was to obtain a test protocol and optimal pH and temperature conditions for the hydrolysis reaction by lipase enzymes from marine actinobacteria. Optimal pH and temperature conditions for hydrolysis reactions by lipase enzymes from marine actinobacteria using spectrophotometry at different pH values and different temperatures of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10. Temperatures of 30 °C, 40 °C, 50 °C, 60 °C, 70 °C, 80 °C and 90 °C are measured at a wavelength of 405 nm. The results showed that the activity of the lipase enzyme at pH 9 with Tris-HCl buffer was the optimum pH, and the temperature of 70°C was the optimum temperature for the lipase hydrolysis reaction of marine actinobacteria.Abstrak: Kebutuhan enzim sebagai biokatalisator dalam bidang industri sangat tinggi. Berbagai macam enzim dari beragam sumber sudah mulai diteliti dan dikembangkan. Salah satu enzim yang sangat penting untuk diteliti adalah enzim lipase. Enzim lipase merupakan enzim golongan hidrolase yang mengkatalis proses hidrolisis trigliserida menjadi gliserol dan asam lemak bebas. Lipase dapat ditemukan dalam berbagai sumber seperti pada hewan, tumbuhan, dan mikroorganisme. Mikroorganisme laut tidak terlepas dari proses penelitian dan pengembangan sumber enzim ini termasuk Actinobacteria laut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh protokol uji dan kondisi pH dan temperatur optimum reaksi hidrolisis oleh enzim lipase dari Actinobacteria laut. Kondisi pH dan temperatur optimum reaksi hidrolisis oleh enzim lipase dari Actinobacteria laut dilakukan secara kuantitatif dengan metode spektrofotometri pada variasi pH 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, dan 10 dan variasi suhu 30°C, 40°C, 50°C, 60°C, 70°C, 80°C, dan 90°C diukur pada Panjang gelombang 405 nm. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas enzim lipase pada pH 9 menggunakan buffer Tris HCl merupakan pH optimum dan temperatur 70°C merupakan temperature optimum reaksi hidrolisis enzim lipase dari Actinobacteria laut.
The Crucial Role of Sufi Order in Developing Emotional and Spiritual Intelligence and Shaping Social Integrity
Authors: Rusdi  , Zulkifli
Published: October 2024

The development of social interaction within Sufi Order (tarekat) offers a unique pathway to cultivate social piety in society. Rooted in the spiritual teachings and practices of the tarekat, this approach plays a pivotal role in enhancing emotional and spiritual intelligence (ESQ) among its members. This qualitative study, based on an extensive review of relevant literature, seeks to explore how the tarekat contributes to the growth of ESQ and its broader implications for fostering social piety. The findings reveal that the principles of maqāmat and aḥwal, central to tarekat teachings, significantly enhance both emotional and spiritual intelligence. This, in turn, encourages social piety, as demonstrated through the noble character and community-oriented actions of tarekat members. The research underscores the strong connection between tarekat practices and the development of ESQ, showing how this spiritual tradition serves as a vital religious social movement—one that not only deepens inner spiritual growth but also actively promotes social responsibility and engagement.
Ecological Religious-Cultural: New Direction of Ecological Paradigm in the Integration Frame of Maqashid Sharia and Tapanuli Indigenous Religious Concepts
Authors: Ibrahim Siregar  , Suheri Sahputra Rangkuti
Published: October 2024

The ecological paradigm in this context refers to an approach that combines environmental principles with religious values and local wisdom in an effort to maintain ecological sustainability and build harmonious relationships between humans and nature. This study used an integrative approach with convergence analysis. In the mechanism of this approach, Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah and Tapanuli indigenous religious concepts are used in a complementary manner in building a paradigm to achieve ethical goals related to ecology. The result of the integration of Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah and the traditional religious concept of Tapanuli found that Mangholongi Bona Bulu as a new religious ethic in responding to ecology. The shift from a pseudo-paradigm to an objective is a necessity in building a sustainability ecology. This study makes an important contribution to the development of ecological-religious cultural theory and practice, as well as providing a deeper understanding of religious values and local wisdom in the context of the environment. The implications of this research are the importance of incorporating ecological perspectives in the development of sustainable policies and practices, as well as the need to explore and respect religious traditions and local wisdom in maintaining ecological balance and strengthening human relationships with nature.
Being Human and Having Rights: Exploring Women's Education Under Sharia Law in Aceh
Authors: Ikhwan M. , Zulfikar T. , Ihsan Shadiqin Sehat
Published: October 2024

This article presents a literature review on the right to education under Sharia law in Aceh, a territory in Indonesia with special autonomy and formal application of Islamic law. The research methodology used the qualitative method with the literature review approach, encompassing data collection and analysis from diverse sources such as journals, books, reports, and websites to identify key issues, challenges, and opportunities faced by Acehnese women in accessing and utilizing education. The author also analyzes the role and impact of various actors, such as the government, non-governmental organizations, clerics, and communities, in shaping and influencing education policies and practices in Aceh. The article found that women's education in Aceh has made significant progress but also faces several obstacles, such as discrimination, violence, poverty, and a lack of participation. The authors recommend several steps to improve the quality and equity of women's education in Aceh, such as increasing budget allocation, involving women in decision-making processes, developing inclusive and relevant curricula, and strengthening cooperation between various stakeholders. Then also for further efforts be made to assess the empirical and normative impact of sharia law in Aceh on women's right to education and to develop inclusive, sensitive, and sustainable strategies to improve access, quality, and equity of women's education in Aceh.
Management Strategy for the Development of Pesantren's Hidden Curriculum in Schools
Authors: Carnawi Carnawi , Zamzami Zamzami , Nasoha Ahmad Muhamad Mustain , Muarif Yahya Zaenul , Abdullah Imam
Published: October 2024

The curriculum at SMPIQu Al-Bahjah Cirebon faces a challenge in integrating the formal, official curriculum with the non-formal pesantren (Islamic boarding school) curriculum. This disconnect has resulted in the pesantren curriculum becoming somewhat "hidden" or underrepresented. The core issue addressed in this research is how to design, implement, and evaluate the development of this hidden pesantren curriculum. Using a qualitative research method, the study draws from both primary and secondary data, collected through observation and interviews. The findings reveal a five-step approach to developing the hidden curriculum. Implementation is achieved through structured activities such as work meetings, scheduling academic activities, enhancing the management information system (SIM), improving teaching staff and student resources, strengthening students' morals, and increasing proficiency in foreign languages. The evaluation process includes supervision, regular meetings, audits, and reporting. The study concludes that effective curriculum development hinges on a morals and creed-based education, improved administrative and management systems, optimization of media as a development tool, and active participation in competitions and events. This research contributes to the formulation of strategies for developing the hidden pesantren curriculum, offering practical benefits for all stakeholders involved.
The Role of Majlis Taklim in Medan City: Institutional Growth, Religious Education, and Social Transformation
Authors: Nelly Agustina  , Hasan Asari  , Solihah Titin Sumanti
Published: October 2024

This study examines the historical and social development of Majlis Taklim in Medan City, focusing on its institutional evolution, the expansion of religious education, and its significant role in community empowerment. Using a qualitative methodology with a historical and social science approach, the research reveals how Majlis Taklim has grown from informal gatherings into structured institutions that not only provide religious education but also serve as centers for social and humanitarian activities. The findings highlight three key aspects: the social and political factors behind the establishment of Majlis Taklim, its formal institutional development, and the diversification of activities to include technology, social media, and targeted programs for different segments of society. Additionally, Majlis Taklim’s collaboration with governmental and religious organizations has strengthened its role in promoting Islamic values while addressing contemporary social issues. The study also identifies challenges such as limited resources, leadership issues, and the need for modernization to maintain relevance. The research concludes that Majlis Taklim plays a crucial role in shaping religious understanding, fostering social cohesion, and contributing to the social welfare of Medan’s Muslim community.
Analisis 'Urf terhadap Ritual Udik-Udikan dalam Pernikahan Jawa
Authors: Rahma Ririn Agustin Rahma , Farkhan
Published: October 2024

This research explores the 'Urf perspective on the Udik-Udikan tradition in marriage, focusing on two key questions: the practice of the Udik-Udikan tradition and its evaluation through the lens of 'Urf. The study aims to explain and analyze this tradition within an Islamic context. Conducted as field research in Krendowahono Village, Gondangrejo District, Karanganyar Regency, data were gathered through observations, interviews, and documentation. The data were then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman method, which involves data collection, reduction, presentation, and verification. The findings reveal that the Udik-Udikan tradition, where parents of the last child to marry scatter coins as a symbol of gratitude, is classified under 'Urf Fi’li (a community habit in action) and 'Urf Khās (a custom specific to a certain area and time). The tradition is deemed 'Urf Ṣhāhiḥ, meaning it is considered good and permissible within Islamic teachings, as it aligns with religious rules and emphasizes positive values.
Population dynamics of Ervilia castanea (Montagu, 1803) hints at evolutionary processes shaping north-east Atlantic insular sandy habitats
Authors: Sinigaglia Livia , Murias Antonio , Meimberg Harald , Curto Manuel , Avila Sergio , baptista Lara , Madeira Patricia , Vijayan Thapasya
Published: October 2024

Volcanic oceanic islands are some of the Earth’s most geologically and
ecologically dynamic habitats, where continuous volcanic activity and
erosion lead to the formation of habitats that drastically change
throughout their ontogeny. Shallow-water sandy habitats, specifically,
repetitively disappeared and regenerated due to seasonal oceanographic
and climatic eustatic sea-level variations. For its inhabitants, these
events translate into populations being cyclically removed or passing by
drastic reductions in population size, where the outcome often depends
on the specific life-history modes of the species, determining their
dispersal, colonization potential and, ultimately, their survival
ability. Therefore, population genetic patterns of marine shallow-water
infaunal species can provide powerful clues of such outcomes, as well as
how specific geological and ecological settings determine the genetic
structure of the species. We herewith test the population structure of
the marine infaunal bivalve Ervilia castanea (Montagu, 1803) in the
sandy habitats of the Azores and Madeira Archipelagos (Northeast and
Central Atlantic Ocean), by comparing insular populations with
conspecifics from the nearest continental shores in mainland Europe.
Little to no genetic structure was observed between insular populations
with both nuclear microsatellites and the mitochondrial cytochrome c
oxidase subunit I. Moreover, deviations in the Hardy-Weinberg
Equilibrium of insular populations suggests the exitance of archipelago
specific processes. The high dispersal ability of E. castanea combined
with the ephemeral nature of oceanic shallow-water sandy habitats likely
made each population to be composed of individuals from multiple
sources. High prevalence of null alleles, gene duplication hint at the
potential occurrence of recent polyploidization events that require
further investigation. Moreover, we found evidence of hyperdiversity
among the markers used which may constrain the detection of more
detailed patterns. We herewith demonstrate the uniqueness of insular
environmental settings and inquire further into the evolutionary and
biogeographic patterns of marine shallow-water infaunal species from
volcanic oceanic islands.
ASSISTÊNCIA FARMACÊUTICA PARA DIABÉTICOS NA ATENÇÃO DE SAÚDE PRIMÁRIA
Authors: Falcão Edvan da Cruz , Moura Fabiane Rabelo , Silva Girlane Ricardo da
Published: October 2024

A diabetes é uma doença crônica caracterizada pelo aumento dos níveis de açúcar no sangue. Este estudo tem como objetivo geral abordar a assistência farmacêutica para diabéticos na atenção de saúde primária. Os objetivos específicos almejam identificar quais fatores mediante orientação do farmacêutico podem influenciar no tratamento de portadores diabéticos; descrever de que maneira, a irregularidade no fornecimento dos medicamentos conforme a prescrição médica prejudica o tratamento dos portadores de diabetes; e demonstrar que alimentação é um dos fatores para eficácia do tratamento e controle da diabetes. Os métodos e técnicas que consubstancia este estudo repousam em uma revisão de literatura de natureza descritiva e comparativa. Os dados levantados evidenciam que o profissional farmacêutico desempenha um papel muito importante no cuidado e na gestão da diabetes. Sua proximidade com os pacientes e seu conhecimento especializado permitem que ele ofereça suporte valioso que influenciará positivamente na qualidade de vida dos diabéticos com impacto direto na saúde pública.
JUDICIALIZAÇÃO DA SAÚDE NO BRASIL
Authors: Silva Mateus Magalhães da , Silva Elisabeth Maria de Mendonça , Santana Isael José
Published: October 2024

O direito à saúde no Brasil é garantido pela Constituição Federal de 1988, mas sua efetivação enfrenta desafios significativos, resultando em injustiças sociais, especialmente para aqueles que dependem exclusivamente do Estado para acessar serviços essenciais de saúde. Este artigo explora a importância do direito à saúde como um direito fundamental, analisando os mecanismos constitucionais e as responsabilidades dos poderes do Estado na sua promoção e proteção. A judicialização da saúde, frequentemente usada para assegurar esses direitos, provoca debates sobre a separação dos poderes e a interferência judicial em questões orçamentárias. Apesar da necessidade de proteger os direitos dos cidadãos, essa prática expõe as limitações do Estado na alocação de recursos e implementação de políticas públicas de saúde. O artigo discute o conflito entre a efetividade dos direitos à saúde e os limites financeiros impostos pela "reserva do possível", destacando a tensão entre a obrigação do Estado de garantir esses direitos e as restrições econômicas. Isso ocorreu por meio de revisão bibliográfica em principais plataformas de: periódicos; artigos científicos; teses; dissertações; e monografias. A análise de especialistas sugere a necessidade de uma abordagem equilibrada que considere tanto a justiça social quanto a viabilidade econômica. Em conclusão, garantir o direito à saúde de maneira justa e equitativa exige colaboração eficaz entre os poderes Legislativo, Executivo e Judiciário, além de um compromisso contínuo com a dignidade humana. Este estudo contribui para uma compreensão mais profunda das dinâmicas envolvidas na judicialização da saúde e aponta para a necessidade de soluções inovadoras e sustentáveis para efetivar esse direito para todos os cidadãos brasileiros.
A DESMITIFICAÇÃO NA UTILIZAÇÃO DA PROFILAXIA PÓS-EXPOSIÇÃO (PEP) E OS ENTRAVES MEDIANTE CONSTÂNCIA PELO MEDICAMENTO
Authors: Nunes Danielly Brito Guidobono , Tavares Maria Conceição França Martins , Souza Maria de Nazaré Barroso de , Santos Marise Salene Pinto Cruz dos , Oliveira Talita Brito de
Published: October 2024

Este estudo analisa a eficácia da profilaxia pós-exposição (PEP) como estratégia preventiva contra o HIV, focando em equívocos comuns e desafios de adesão. O referencial teórico baseia-se em vulnerabilidade social, estigma e políticas públicas de saúde, essenciais para entender as barreiras de acesso à PEP. A pesquisa utiliza uma abordagem mista, combinando análise qualitativa e quantitativa. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de questionários aplicados a 200 usuários de PEP e entrevistas semiestruturadas com 30 profissionais de saúde do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). A metodologia, de delineamento exploratório e descritivo, permitiu explorar percepções e experiências dos usuários. Os resultados indicam que, apesar da eficácia da PEP, a falta de conhecimento e o estigma dificultam sua adesão. O estudo destaca a importância da educação em saúde e do suporte contínuo, sugerindo capacitação para profissionais e políticas públicas inclusivas que ampliem o acesso e reduzam vulnerabilidades sociais relacionadas ao HIV.
Milk Production, Milk Composition, Milk Fatty Acid Profile and Nutrient Digestibility of Mehsana Goats Fed Sunflower (Helianthus annus) Oil
Authors: Raut A. S. , Patil S. S. , Pawar M. M. , Patel M. P. , Gupta J. P. , Modi C. P.
Published: October 2024

A study was conducted during the month of December, 2020 to January, 2021 at Livestock Research Station, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkrushinagar, Gujarat (385506), India to evaluate the effect of dietary sunflower oil supplementation on milk yield, milk fatty acid profile and nutrient digestibility of Mehsana goats. Eighteen lactating Mehsana goats were randomly divided into three treatment groups, viz. Basal diet (control), Basal diet+25 g animal-1 day-1 of sunflower oil and Basal diet+50 g animal-1 day-1 of sunflower oil for a period of 60 days. No significant differences (p>0.05) were found in milk yield in terms of kg d-1, 4% fat corrected milk and energy corrected milk among the treatment groups. The milk constituents and their yields were not affected due to dietary inclusion of sunflower oil. Sunflower oil feeding at the dose of 50 g d-1 increased (p<0.05) concentration of milk short chain fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids in the milk of goats. The intake and digestibility of nitrogen free extract was increased in sunflower oil supplemented groups. The intake and digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract and crude fibre were similar (p>0.05) among the treatment groups. it may be concluded that supplementation of sunflower oil at the dose rate of 25 and 50 g d-1 did not affect feed intake, milk yield, milk constituents and nutrient digestibility in lactating Mehsana goats. However, dietary 50 g d-1 of sunflower oil significantly increased concentration of milk short chain fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids in goats.
Integrating Forest Conservation and Food Security: Managing Flood and Drought in Northern Thailand under CMIP5 Climate Projections
Authors: Satriagasa Muhammad Chrisna , Tongdeenok Piyapong , Kaewjampa Naruemol
Published: October 2024

Increasing food demand and climate change-induced natural disasters pose significant challenges to food security. This study examines how forest conservation can mitigate disaster risks to agricultural land in Northern Thailand’s watershed. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and Hydrologic Engineering Center’s-River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) models were used to assess flood impacts, while the standardized precipitation and evapotranspiration index (SPEI), vegetation health index (VHI), and standardized streamflow index (SSI) evaluated drought impacts, incorporating two Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) climate projections and five land-use scenarios. Historical data shows drought causing more yield loss than floods for rice and maize, a trend expected to continue. Under future Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 8.5, potential rice yield loss due to drought could reach 1,834 tons and maize yield loss 7,702 tons. Flood-induced losses are lower, with potential rice yield loss at 26.2 tons and maize at 16.9 tons. Reforestation can reduce these losses by up to 25% for drought and 20% for floods. Maintaining forests in mountainous and upstream watershed areas is essential to ensure food security. Policymakers should prioritize conserving these critical areas for effective water regulation and disaster risk reduction. Forests in these areas play a crucial role in regulating water flow, reducing runoff, and enhancing soil moisture retention, which is vital for mitigating the impacts of extreme weather events on agriculture.
Keywords: climate change, drought impact, ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction, flood impact, food security
Do Nuanced Perspectives of Diversity Management Practices Warrant Inclusivity in Multigenerational Organizations? A Meta-Analytic Review
Authors: Sansa Agnes , K'Obonyo Peter , Muindi Florence , Gacheri Munjuri Mercy
Published: October 2024

Over 58% of human resource management practitioners in the world over report work conflicts among employees stemming from disparities in multigenerational workforces. A plethora of studies reveal that organizations that are incognizant to generational diversity often encounter social cognitive and identity conflicts that polarize the existent multigenerational workforce in the workplace. The study is anchored on the leader-member exchange theory that envisages the standard of leader-member relationship as critical in promoting diverse and inclusive work environments. The study searched for diversity management and inclusivity studies published between 2013 and 2023 from all organizational and business research indices. Only empirical studies that related diversity management practices and inclusivity to constructive or deleterious outcomes were aggregated for the purposes of establishing average effect sizes. After applying Cohen’s d test, the study pooled effect size of 0.7, indicating that the difference between the two groups’ means presents overarching effects on the study variables. Managers or leaders need to inculcate an inclusive work environment that permeates psychological safety and a sense of belongingness among employees so as to promote a work climate that amplifies employees’ voices and innovative work opinions. The study supplements the limited meta-analysis findings on the part that inclusivity plays in differentiated diversity management practices, particularly in multigenerational organizations that are continually evolving. The study validates the leader-member exchange theory by accentuating the crucial role of leaders in promoting high latitudes of psychological safety across in-group and out-group dynamics.
Ata de instalação dos primeiros Departamentos da Faculdade de Letras da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Costa Ubirajara Carvalheira
Published: October 2024

O resgate da memória e da identidade da Faculdade de Letras (FL) da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) passa, necessariamente, pela instalação dos primeiros Departamentos da nova Unidade Acadêmica, aprovada pela sua Congregação, em fevereiro de 1968. A ata do Colegiado traz, ainda, a relação de cátedras e disciplinas que formaram tais Departamentos, além da relação de docentes responsáveis por estas cadeiras e matérias. A criação de departamentos na estrutura universitária federal se deu em 1946 e se consolidou em 1968 com a chamada Reforma Universitária, culminando na extinção das cátedras. Para a Faculdade de Letras, tal criação se deu pela necessidade, na época, de tomada de decisões para definir os primeiros rumos da nova Unidade Acadêmica, após a separação da Faculdade Nacional de filosofia.
Uma breve incursão pela produção escrita de “Gonzaga Duque” no Brasil dos séculos XIX e XX: a edição das suas cartas pessoais
Authors: Ferreira Filho José , Rumeu Márcia Cristina de Brito
Published: October 2024

Neste artigo, trazemos à cena parte da produção escrita de “Luiz Gonzaga Duque Estrada” que, além das suas atividades como crítico de arte, literato, jornalista e escritor, redator com um amplo domínio dos modelos de escrita, que circulou pelo Rio de Janeiro e por Portugal, deixando registradas, através de suas cartas pessoais, as suas impressões humanas mais íntimas, ao dialogar com noiva (e, na sequência, esposa), familiares e amigos. Ilustramos a sua produção escrita a partir da apresentação da edição fac-similar e semidiplomática (Spina, 1977) de uma de suas cartas pessoais trocadas em fins do século XIX. De um modo geral, buscamos identificar e comprovar, através da autenticidade da amostra (Hernández-Campoy; Schilling, 2012) de cartas originais e autógrafas de Gonzaga Duque, traços de norma objetiva (Cunha, 1985) do português brasileiro.
Formas de tratamento e papéis sociodiscursivos em debates políticos televisivos em Portugal: 1975-2022
Authors: Marques Maria Aldina , Duarte Isabel Margarida
Published: October 2024

As formas de tratamento (FT) são uma categoria pragmática que relaciona língua e sociedade. Os seus usos alteram-se com as mudanças sociais, com a aproximação e redimensionamento dos vários estratos sociais, numa relação não especular. Dependem dos géneros discursivos em que são usadas e das relações entre interlocutores e respetivos papéis sociodiscursivos, que ajudam a construir. O quadro teórico-metodológico é a Pragmática Discursiva, por isso considerámos centrais as noções de género de discurso e de contexto. Partimos da síntese da investigação sobre o sistema de FT em Português Europeu, tendo em conta as categorias de Cintra (1972): FT pronominais, nominais e verbais. Enquadramos a reflexão sobre as FT, como relacionemas (Kerbrat-Orecchioni, 1992), no género debate político televisivo enquanto discurso em interação. São eventos discursivos centrais que convocam a política e a comunicação social e nos quais as FT têm função nuclear. O objetivo principal é descrever e explicar como, neste género discursivo e numa perspetiva diacrónica, os papéis sociodiscursivos dos interlocutores e a organização interacional condicionam o uso das FT. O corpus é constituído por seis debates, realizados entre 1975 e 2022. Os resultados mostram mudanças no uso, sobretudo das FT nominais, nestes quase 50 anos, com mais proximidade e informalidade no presente, e maior distância e deferência nos debates iniciais da democracia. As diferenças notam-se não nas FT empregadas pelos políticos entre si, mas nas usadas pelos jornalistas-moderadores relativamente aos políticos. São também analisados os efeitos pragmáticos do uso da delocução pela alocução, frequente entre os políticos nos debates.