bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Difference in suitable mechanical properties of three‐dimensional, synthetic scaffolds for self‐renewing mouse embryonic stem cells of different genetic backgrounds
Authors: Lee Myungook , Ahn Jong Il , Ahn Ji Yeon , Yang Woo Sub , Hubbell Jeffrey A. , Lim Jeong Mook , Lee Seung Tae
Published: July 2016

We evaluated whether the genetic background of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) affects the properties suitable for three‐dimensional (3D) synthetic scaffolds for cell self‐renewal. Inbred R1 and hybrid B6D2F1 mouse ESC lines were cultured for 7 days in hydrogel scaffolds with different properties derived from conjugating 7.5, 10, 12.5, or 15% (wt/vol) vinylsulfone‐functionalized three‐, four‐, or eight‐arm polyethylene glycol (PEG) with dicysteine‐containing crosslinkers with an intervening matrix metalloproteinase‐specific cleavage sites. Cell proliferation and expression of self‐renewal‐related genes and proteins by ESCs cultured in feeder‐free or containing 2D culture plate or 3D hydrogel were monitored. As a preliminary experiment, the E14 ESC‐customized synthetic 3D microenvironment did not maintain self‐renewal of either the R1 or B6D2F1 ESCs. The best R1 cell proliferation (10.04 vs. 0.16–4.39; p < 0.0001) was observed in the four‐arm 7.5% PEG‐based hydrogels than those with other properties, whereas the F1 ESCs showed better proliferation when they were embedded in the three‐arm 10% hydrogels. Self‐renewal‐related gene and protein expression by ESCs after feeder‐free 3D culture was generally maintained compared with the feeder‐containing 2D culture, but expression patterns and quantities differed. However, the feeder‐free 3D culture yielded better expression than the feeder‐free 2D culture. In conclusion, genetic background determined the suitability of hydrogel scaffolds for self‐renewal of ESCs, which requires customization for the mechanical properties of each cell line. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 2261–2268, 2017.
Multi‐isotopic signatures of organic and conventional Italian pasta along the production chain
Authors: Bontempo L. , Camin F. , Paolini M. , Micheloni C. , Laursen K. H.
Published: July 2016

The variability of stable isotope ratios (δ2H, δ13C, δ15N, δ18O and δ34S) along the production chain of pasta (durum wheat, flour and pasta) produced by using both conventional and organic farming systems in four Italian regions in 2 years was investigated. The aim was to evaluate if and how the farming system and geographical origin affect stable isotope ratios determined along the production chain. Irrespective of the processing technology, 65% of the samples were correctly classified according to the farming system and 98% were correctly classified regarding the geographical region. When considering both farming system and geographical region simultaneously, 80% of the samples were correctly classified. The measured isotope parameters were thus primarily affected by the geographical origin. In conclusion, it is expected that the use of these parameters will allow the development of analytical control procedures that can be used to check the geographical origin of Italian organic and conventional pasta and its raw materials. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Myxovirus resistance 1 gene polymorphisms and outcomes of viral hepatitis B and C infections in Moroccan patients
Authors: Rebbani Khadija , Ababou Mostafa , Nadifi Sellama , Kandil Mostafa , Marchio Agnès , Pineau Pascal , Ezzikouri Sayeh , Benjelloun Soumaya
Published: July 2016

Host genetic factors may influence the establishment of chronicity or spontaneous clearance in viral hepatitis B and C infections. More light was shed on the role played by interferon‐stimulated genes in the innate immunity. Myxovirus resistance 1 (MX1) is one of those key genes that have reported to inhibit several viruses. The present study aims to explore the possible association of −88G/T and −123C/A promoter variants of MX1 with susceptibility to chronic hepatitis B and C and/or with spontaneous clearance in a Moroccan population. The −88G/T and −123C/A SNPs were genotyped by PCR‐RFLP in 538 individuals stratified into HBV chronically infected patients (n = 120), HCV‐chronically infected patients (n = 115), HBV spontaneously resolved subjects (n = 114), HCV spontaneously resolved group (n = 52), and healthy controls (n = 137). A significant association of −123C allele with HBV spontaneous clearance has been found (P = 0.002, OR = 2.34; 95%CI [1.36–4]). In addition, a significant correlation between the MX1‐GC haplotype and HBV spontaneous clearance (P < 0.001) was found. No significant association of −88G/T and −123C/A polymorphisms with regard to HCV infection was observed in this study. Here, we show that for North African patients with chronic hepatitis, MX1 gene variation at position −123 may influence the outcome of HBV infection but not HCV infection. J. Med. Virol. 89:647–652, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Punishment Learning in U.S. Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Sawyer Alice T. , Liverant Gabrielle I. , Jun Janie J. , Lee Daniel J. , Cohen Andrew L. , Dutra Sunny J. , Pizzagalli Diego A. , Sloan Denise M.
Published: July 2016

Learning processes have been implicated in the development and course of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); however, little is currently known about punishment‐based learning in PTSD. The current study investigated impairments in punishment‐based learning in U.S. veterans. We expected that veterans with PTSD would demonstrate greater punishment‐based learning compared to a non‐PTSD control group. We compared a PTSD group with and without co‐occurring depression (n = 27) to a control group (with and without trauma exposure) without PTSD or depression (n = 29). Participants completed a computerized probabilistic punishment‐based learning task. Compared to the non‐PTSD control group, veterans with PTSD showed significantly greater punishment‐based learning. Specifically, there was a significant Block × Group interaction, F(1, 54) = 4.12, p = .047, η2 = .07. Veterans with PTSD demonstrated greater change in response bias for responding toward a less frequently punished stimulus across blocks. The observed hypersensitivity to punishment in individuals with PTSD may contribute to avoidant responses that are not specific to trauma cues.
Chemical exchange saturation transfer of the cervical spinal cord at 7 T
Authors: Dula Adrienne N. , Pawate Siddharama , Dethrage Lindsey M. , Conrad Benjamin N. , Dewey Blake E. , Barry Robert L. , Smith Seth A.
Published: July 2016

High‐magnetic‐field (7 T) chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI provides information on the tissue biochemical environment. Multiple sclerosis (MS) affects the entire central nervous system, including the spinal cord. Optimal CEST saturation parameters found via simulation were implemented for CEST MRI in 10 healthy controls and 10 patients with MS, and the results were examined using traditional asymmetry analysis and a Lorentzian fitting method. In addition, T1‐ and T2*‐weighted images were acquired for lesion localization and the transmitted B1+ field was evaluated to guide imaging parameters. Distinct spectral features for all tissue types studied were found both up‐ and downfield from the water resonance. The z spectra in healthy subjects had the expected z spectral shape with CEST effects apparent from 2.0 to 4.5 ppm. The z spectra from patients with MS demonstrated deviations from this expected normal shape, indicating this method's sensitivity to known pathology as well as to tissues appearing normal on conventional MRI. Examination of the calculated CESTasym revealed increased asymmetry around the amide proton resonance (Δω = 3.5 ppm), but it was apparent that this measure is complicated by detail in the CEST spectrum upfield from water, which is expected to result from the nuclear Overhauser effect. The z spectra upfield (negative ppm range) were also distinct between healthy and diseased tissue, and could not be ignored, particularly when considering the conventional asymmetry analysis used to quantify the CEST effect. For all frequencies greater than +1 ppm, the Lorentzian differences (and z spectra) for lesions and normal‐appearing white matter were distinct from those for healthy white matter. The increased frequency separation and signal‐to‐noise ratio, in concert with prolonged T1 at 7 T, resulted in signal enhancements necessary to detect subtle tissue changes not possible at lower field strengths. This study presents CEST imaging metrics that may be sensitive to the extensive and temporally varying biochemical neuropathology of MS in the spinal cord. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Duodenal‐jejunal bypass surgery induces hepatic lipidomic alterations associated with ameliorated hepatic steatosis in mice
Authors: Shang Jin , Castro‐Perez Jose M. , Shen Xiaolan , Zhu Yonghua , Liu Haiying , Qian Ying , Previs Stephen , Howard Andrew D. , Erion Mark , Kelley David E. , Wang Liangsu
Published: July 2016

Objective

Bariatric surgery induces weight loss and improvement of insulin resistance; one aspect of both is an amelioration of hepatic steatosis. This study was undertaken to assess the changes in the hepatic lipidome after duodenal‐jejunal bypass (DJB) surgery.

Methods

A DJB surgical model was developed and characterized in diet‐induced obese mice. In comparison with sham‐operated mice, an unbiased lipidomic profiling of hepatic lipids was performed together with measurements of gene expression within key pathways of hepatic lipid metabolism.

Results

In the liver of DJB mice, a dramatic reduction (by 77%) in hepatic triacylglycerols was observed. Global lipidomic profiling identified marked decreases of triacylglycerols comprised of medium length fatty acids and with low double bond content. Specific diacylglycerol species were also among the most dramatic decreases in hepatic lipids, whereas lysophosphatidic acids and phosphatidic acids were increased. Expression of fatty acid transporter and lipogenic genes was down‐regulated.

Conclusions

From in‐depth analysis of hepatic lipid composition, specific lipid intermediates were identified that are preferentially changed following DJB surgery. These changes were most likely due to DJB‐induced weight loss, and only further studies will be able to distinguish weight loss‐dependent from weight loss‐independent changes.
Anatomy of Tianjin Port fire and explosion: Process and causes
Authors: Fu Gui , Wang Jianhao , Yan Mingwei
Published: July 2016

An investigation was performed into the Tianjin Port fire and explosion accident. It mainly focused on the process and causes. Initially, nitrocellulose burned spontaneously and the fire resulted in two major explosions of hazardous chemicals (mainly ammonium nitrate). Rough handling during the moving, loading and unloading of nitrocellulose directly resulted in the spontaneous combustion. Specifically, stacking various hazardous chemicals in the same area and storing ammonium nitrate in the port without permission caused the spread of the fire and the two major explosions. The implementation of Ruihai Company's management system (e.g., the safety training, safety supervision, etc.) for storage and transport of hazardous chemicals was deficient, and they neglected the importance of safety during production. Periodic safety inspection (e.g., the hazard identification, storage plan of hazardous chemicals, management system weaknesses, etc.) from local government agencies was not adequate and rigorous. Following accidents, casualties can be reduced or even avoided through adequate evacuation and rescue. Lessons can be learned from this disaster to avoid similar mistakes within the industry in the future. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 35: 216–220, 2016
Firework Plots for Evaluating the Impact of Outliers and Influential Observations in Ridge Regression
Authors: Jang Dae‐Heung , Anderson‐Cook Christine M.
Published: July 2016

With many predictors in regression, fitting the full model can induce multicollinearity problems. Thus, ridge regression provides a beneficial means of stabilizing the coefficient estimates in the fitted model. Outliers can distort many measures in data analysis and statistical modeling, while influential points can have disproportionate impact on the estimated values of model parameters. Graphical summaries, calledfirework plots, are simple tools for evaluating the impact of outliers and influential points in regression. Variations of the plots focus on allowing visualization of the impact on the estimated parameters and variability. This paper describes how three‐dimensional and pairwise firework plots as well as scalable waterfall–firework plots can be used to increase understanding of contributions of individual observations and as a complement to other regression diagnostic techniques in the ridge regression setting. Using these firework plots, we can find outliers and influential points and their impact on model parameters and show how in some applications, the type of analysis used changes the impact of various observations. We illustrate the methods with two examples. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anastomosis Between Thoracic Duct and Azygos Vein During Esophagectomy: A Novel Technique with 3‐year Follow‐up
Authors: Yuan Yong , Chen Long‐qi , Zhao Yongfan
Published: July 2016

Background

Ligation of thoracic duct is the standard procedure currently used to prevent postoperative chylothorax for patients undergoing esophagectomy when thoracic duct is surgically injured or invaded by tumor. However, preservation of lymphovenous circulation is particularly important for a subset of patients, including individuals with liver cirrhosis, ascites, nephrotic syndrome, sclerosing mesenteritis, or some cardiac conditions.

Methods

We have developed a new technique of restoring lymphovenous circulation for patients undergoing esophagectomy. Intrathoracic lymphovenous anastomosis was performed for an esophageal cancer patient by intravenous catheter assisted end‐to‐side “insertion” technique.

Results

The time taken for lymphovenous anastomosis was 35 min. No massive bleeding or other adverse events occurred during operation, and the patient had an uneventful postoperative course. Lipid metabolisms, assessed by pre‐ and postoperative plasma concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides, high‐density and low‐density lipoprotein, were not affected after lymphovenous anastomosis. Lymphangiography also indicated lymphovenous anastomosis remained patent 3 years after operation. No long‐term surgery‐related adverse events were observed during 3‐year follow‐up.

Conclusion

Lymphovenous anastomosis was successfully implemented for the patient with esophagectomy, selected patients might benefit from this novel technique.
Effects of high‐frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on spontaneously hypertensive rats, an animal model of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Kim Jungyun , Park Heamen , Yu Seong‐lan , Jee Sungju , Cheon Keun‐Ah , Song Dong Ho , Kim Seung Jun , Im Woo‐Young , Kang Jaeku
Published: July 2016

The current treatment of choice for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is pharmacotherapy. A search for new treatment options is underway, however, as the wide application of drugs to the general population of patients with ADHD is limited by side effects and the variance of pharmacokinetic effects of the drugs in each patient. In the present study, we applied repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), a non‐invasive treatment used in a number of other psychiatric disorders, to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), an animal model of ADHD, in order to assess the efficacy of the treatment in modifying behavioural symptoms as well as levels of dopamine, noradrenaline, serotonin, and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). A total of fifteen sessions of high‐frequency rTMS treatment were administered. Behavioural symptoms were observed using open field, Y‐maze, and elevated plus‐maze tests. Upon completion of the experiments, rats were sacrificed, and the neurochemical changes in brain tissue were analysed using high performance liquid chromatography and Western blotting. The SHRs treated with rTMS tended to exhibit less locomotor activity in the open field test over the course of treatment, but there was no improvement in inattention as measured by the Y‐maze test. Furthermore, BDNF concentration increased and noradrenaline concentration decreased in the prefrontal cortex of SHRs treated with rTMS. The results of the present preclinical study indicate that rTMS may constitute a new modality of treatment for patients with ADHD, through further evaluation of specific treatment parameters as well as safety and efficacy in humans are required.
Contemporary use of sentinel lymph node biopsy in the head and neck
Authors: Seim Nolan B. , Wright Chadwick L. , Agrawal Amit
Published: July 2016

Sentinel lymph node biopsy has become a well‐established and commonplace practice in many oncologic disease sites as a means to stage the regional lymphatics, avoid unnecessary surgery and decrease patient morbidity. In the head and neck, its role is well established for cutaneous melanoma with proven fidelity and survival benefit. Its role in use for other sites such as oral cavity carcinoma continues to develop with promising results from several recent trials. Although not widely adopted, the potential benefits of sentinel lymph node biopsy in the management of oral cavity carcinoma are apparent. Refinements in technology and protocols including development of novel radiopharmaceutical tracers, routine incorporation of detailed anatomic imaging, increasing surgeon experience and development of new intraoperative identification aids will likely lead to improvements in the use and accuracy of this technique.
Impacts of Ground Water Contamination on Property Values: Agricultural Run-off and Private Wells
Authors: Guignet Dennis , Walsh Patrick J. , Northcutt Rachel
Published: July 2016

Few studies have examined the impacts of ground water quality on residential property values. Using a unique data set of well tests, we link residential real estate transactions to home-specific contamination and conduct a hedonic analysis of sales in Lake County, Florida, where pollution concerns relate primarily to agricultural run-off. We find that recent testing and contamination of ground water there correspond to a 2–6 percent depreciation in home values, an effect that diminishes over time. Focusing on nitrogen-based contamination, we find that prices decline mainly when concentrations exceed the regulatory health standard, suggesting as much as a 15 percent depreciation at levels twice the standard.
The Presumption of Punishment: A Critical Review of its Early Modern Origins
Authors: Lorca Rocio
Published: July 2016

Our conversations about punishment have been constrained by the presumption that crimes ought to be punished. This presumption does not entail that crimes must be punished, but rather that punishment occurs as a natural response to wrongdoing instead of as a conventional creation. As a consequence, the challenges for punishment’s justification have been reduced to the problems of purpose, opportunity and form, leaving unaddressed the question of the authority of a certain polity to impose this form of treatment on a given individual. In order to present and criticize this presumption, the article traces its origins by revisiting the debate about the nature of punishment that took place during the emergence of liberal political philosophy. After evaluating the main arguments of this debate the article concludes by arguing that liberal theories of punishment should give up this presumption.
Defining ‘Speech’: Subtraction, Addition, and Division
Authors: Simpson Robert Mark
Published: July 2016

In free speech theory ‘speech’ has to be defined as a special term of art. I argue that much free speech discourse comes with a tacit commitment to a ‘Subtractive Approach’ to defining speech. As an initial default, all communicative acts are assumed to qualify as speech, before exceptions are made to ‘subtract’ those acts that don’t warrant the special legal protections owed to ‘speech’. I examine how different versions of the Subtractive Approach operate, and criticize them in terms of their ability to yield a substantive definition of speech which covers all and only those forms of communicative action that—so our arguments for free speech indicate—really do merit special legal protection. In exploring alternative definitional approaches, I argue that what ultimately compromises definitional adequacy in this arena is a theoretical commitment to the significance of a single unified class of privileged communicative acts. I then propose an approach to free speech theory that eschews this theoretical commitment.
Why a Theory of International Arbitration and Transnational Legality?
Authors: Vilaça Guilherme Vasconcelos
Published: July 2016

Is it feasible and useful to articulate a general theory of transnational legality? In the bookTransnational Legality: Stateless Law and International Arbitration, Thomas Schultz replies yes and argues, furthermore, that we need such a theory. In this Critical Notice I suggest otherwise. The overarching theme of my critique is a plea for thinking seriously on why we still insist on building general theories of legality. As I try to show, by engagement with Schultz’s main claims, those general theories face unsurmountable conceptual and normative problems. Here are some questions. Which theory of society do we endorse? Are transnational society and law different in nature from their domestic and regional counterparts? Why should we adopt a concept of complex legal system rather than focusing on the looser “community”? Should a concept of transnational legality be as inclusive as possible or narrowly-tailored? In virtue of which normative principles are we to make such a decision? How can we decide which elements from our state tradition are we to preserve and which ones are we to let go? Why devising a concept of legal system that does not see the connections to other legal and normative orders? How do Fuller’s legality criteria meet the expectations we attach to law? And whose expectations are we speaking of? Why undergoing all these headaches to conclude that after all legality is a matter of clarity and we are not provided any tools on how to proceed empirically? All things considered why is this sort of enterprise worth it?
On the measure-theoretic entropy and topological pressure of free semigroup actions
Authors: LIN XIAOGANG , MA DONGKUI , WANG YUPAN
Published: July 2016

In this paper we introduce the notions of topological pressure and measure-theoretic entropy for a free semigroup action. Suppose that a free semigroup acts on a compact metric space by continuous self-maps. To this action we assign a skew-product transformation whose fiber topological pressure is taken to be the topological pressure of the initial action. Some properties of these two notions are given, followed by two main results. One is the relationship between the topological pressure of the skew-product transformation and the topological pressure of the free semigroup action, the other is the partial variational principle about the topological pressure. Moreover, we apply this partial variational principle to study the measure-theoretic entropy and the topological entropy of finite affine transformations on a metrizable group.
Advocacy strategies for human rights: the campaign for the moratorium on the death penalty
Authors: Marchetti Raffaele
Published: July 2016

This article examines the different strategies used by transnational actors in advocacy against the death penalty. In particular, it studies the strategies adopted by the transnational campaign for the moratorium on capital punishment in view of the United Nations General Assembly vote of 2007 and subsequent years (2008, 2010, 2012, and 2014). The article shows that a variety of different strategies are used in the organizational, institutional, and communicative domains. Within the broader debate on norm diffusion, this article sheds light on the under-investigated area of specific tactics, which include horizontal networking, multilayered political lobbying, reason-based framing, and emotion-based story-telling, deployed by transnational activists to induce key actors to change their policy preference.
Entropic multi-relaxation time lattice Boltzmann model for complex flows
Authors: Dorschner B. , Bösch F. , Chikatamarla S. S. , Boulouchos K. , Karlin I. V.
Published: July 2016

Entropic lattice Boltzmann methods were introduced to overcome the stability issues of lattice Boltzmann models for high Reynolds number turbulent flows. However, to date their validity has been investigated only for simple flows due to the lack of appropriate boundary conditions. We present here an extension of these models to complex flows involving curved and moving boundaries in three dimensions. Apart from a thorough investigation of resolved and under-resolved simulations for periodic flow and turbulent flow in a round pipe, we study in detail the set-up of a simplified internal combustion engine with a valve/piston arrangement. This arrangement allows us to probe the non-trivial interactions between various flow features such as jet breakup, jet–wall interaction, and formation and breakup of large vortical structures, among others. Besides an order of magnitude reduction in computational costs, when compared to state-of-the-art direct numerical simulations (DNS), these methods come with the additional advantage of using static Cartesian meshes also for moving objects, which reduces the complexity of the scheme. Going beyond first-order statistics, a detailed comparison of mean and root-mean-square velocity profiles with high-order spectral element DNS simulations and experimental data shows excellent agreement, highlighting the accuracy and reliability of the method for resolved simulations. Moreover, we show that the implicit subgrid features of the entropic lattice Boltzmann method can be utilized to further reduce the grid sizes and the computational costs, providing an alternative to modern modelling approaches such as large-eddy simulations for complex flows.
Dimension and lower central subgroups of metabelian p-groups
Authors: Gupta Narain , Tahara Ken-Ichi
Published: July 2016

It is a well-known result due to Sjogren [9] that if G is a finitely generated p-group then, for all n ≦ − 1, the (n + 2)-th dimension sub-group Dn+2(G) of G coincides with γn+2(G), the (n + 2)-th term of the lower central series of G. This was earlier proved by Moran [5] for n ≦ p − 2. For p = 2, Sjogren’s result is the best possible as Rips [8] has exhibited a finite 2-group G for which D4G) ≠ γ4(G) (see also Tahara [10, 11]). In this note we prove that if G is a finitely generated metabelian p-group then, for all . It follows, in particular, that, for p odd, for all n ≦ p and all metabelian p-groups G.
Precise propagation of singularities for a hyperbolic system with characteristics of variable multiplicity
Authors: Iwasaki Chisato , Morimoto Yoshinori
Published: July 2016

In this paper we consider the Cauchy problem for a hyperbolic system with characteristics of variable multiplicity and construct a certain solution whose wave front set propagates precisely along the so-called “broken null bicharacteristic flow”, in other words, along the admissible trajectory if we use the terminology of [6].
The theta functions of sublattices of the Leech lattice
Authors: Kondo Takeshi , Tasaka Takashi
Published: July 2016

Let Λ be the Leech lattice which is an even unimodular lattice with no vectors of squared length 2 in 24-dimensional Euclidean space R24. Then the Mathieu Group M24 is a subgroup of the automorphism group .0 of Λ and the action on Λ of M24 induces a natural permutation representation of M24 on an orthogonal basis For , let Λm be the sublattice of vectors invariant under m:
On elliptic surfaces of Mordell-Weil rank 4
Authors: Bremner Andrew
Published: July 2016

Letf:E→ P′(C) be an elliptic fibration with non-constantj-invariant, and possessing a sectionσ0. The groupof sections offis then naturally identified with the group of points defined over a function fieldC(u) of the generic fibre off.
Differential operators on a hypersurface
Authors: Singh Balwant
Published: July 2016

We study differential operators on an affine algebraic variety, especially a hypersurface, in the context of Nakai’s Conjecture. We work over a field k of characteristic zero. Let X be a reduced affine algebraic variety over k and let A be its coordinate ring. Let be the A-module of differential operators of A over k of order ≤ n. Nakai’s Conjecture asserts that if is generated by for every n ≥ 2 then A is regular. In 1973 Mount and Villamayor [6] proved this in the case when X is an irreducible curve. In the general case no progress seems to have been made on the conjecture, except for a result of Brown [2], where the assertion is proved under an additional hypothesis. An interesting result proved by Becker [1] and Rego [8] says that Nakai’s Conjecture implies the Conjecture of Zariski-Lipman, which is still open in the general case and which asserts that if the module of k-derivations of A is A-projective then A is regular.
Vector fields on some class of complete symmetric varieties
Authors: Kato Yoshifumi
Published: July 2016

In the previous papers [6], [7], we show that the set of an algebraic homogeneous space G/P fixed under the action of a maximal torus T can be canonically identified with the coset W1 = W/W1 of Weyl group W. We find a T invariant Zariski open set near each element w ∊ W1 and introduce a very nice local coordinate system such that we can express the maximal torus action explicitly. As a result, we become able to apply the study of J. B. Carrell and D. Lieberman [2], [3] to the space G/P and investigate the numerical properties of its characteristic classes and cycles.
Toward the construction of big Cohen-Macaulay modules
Authors: Yoshino Yuji
Published: July 2016

What we call the homological conjectures on commutative Noetherian local rings were first collected and partially settled by C. Peskine and L. Szpiro [PS1]. The subsequent remarkable progress was made by M. Hochster [H1] who conjectured the existence of big Cohen-Macaulay modules and solved it in the affirmative for equicharacteristic local rings. It is, however, still open in general setting.
Generalized Radon Transform and Lévy’s Brownian Motion, I
Authors: Noda Akio
Published: July 2016

In connection with a Gaussian system X = {X(x); x ∈ M} called Lévy’s Brownian motion (Definition 1), we shall introduce two integral transformations of special type—one is a generalized Radon transform R on a measure space (M, m), and the other is a dual Radon transform R* on another measure space (H, v) such that H ⊂ 2M, the set of all subsets of M (Definition 2). To each Lévy’s Brownian motion X, there is attached a distance d(x, y):= E[(X(x) — X(y)2] on M having a notable property named L1-embeddability. The above measure v on H is then chosen to satisfy

where Δ stands for the symmetric difference.
Tangent vectors to sets in the theory of geodesics
Authors: Motreanu Dumitru
Published: July 2016

In the setting of Banach manifolds the notion of tangent vector to an arbitrary closed subset has been introduced in [11] by the author and N. H. Pavel, and it has been used in flow-invariance and optimization ([11], [12], [13]). For detailed informations on tangent vectors to closed sets (including historical comments) we refer to the recent book of N. H. Pavel [17].

The aim of this paper is to apply this general concept of tangency in the study of geodesies. We are concerned with geodesies which have either the endpoints in given closed subsets or the same angle for a fixed closed subset. This approach allows one to extend important results due to K. Grove [4] and T. Kurogi ([6], [7]).
Calculus on Gaussian and Poisson white noises
Authors: Ito Yoshifusa , Kubo Izumi
Published: July 2016

Recently one of the authors has introduced the concept of generalized Poisson functionals and discussed the differentiation, renormalization, stochastic integrals etc. ([8], [9]), analogously to the works of T. Hida ([3], [4], [5]). Here we introduce a transformation for Poisson fnnctionals with the idea as in the case of Gaussian white noise (cf. [10], [11], [12], [13]). Then we can discuss the differentiation, renormalization, multiple Wiener integrals etc. in a way completely parallel with the Gaussian case. The only one exceptional point, which is most significant, is that the multiplications are described by

for the Gaussian case,

for the Poisson case,

as will be stated in Section 5. Conversely, those formulae characterize the types of white noises.
The possible cohomology of certain types of taut submanifolds
Authors: Hebda James J.
Published: July 2016

The first purpose of this paper is to exhibit several families of compact manifolds that do not ad nit taut embeddings into any sphere. The second is to enumerate ths possible Z2-cohomology rings of those compact manifolds which do admit a taut embedding and whose cohomology rings satisfy certain degeneracy conditions. The first purpose is easily attained once the second has been accomplished, for it is a simple matter to present families of spaces whose cohomology rings satisfy the required degeneracy conditions, but are not on the list of those admitting a taut embedding.
Modular forms and the automorphism group of Leech lattice
Authors: Koike Masao
Published: July 2016

This is a continuation of my previous papers [2], [3], [4] concerning to the monstrous moonshine.

The automorphism group ·O of the Leech lattice L plays an important role in the study of moonshine. Especially it is important to study theta functions associated with quadratic sublattices of L consisting of fixed vectors of elements of ·O. In this paper, we discuss the properties that these functions are expected to satisfy in the relation to the monstrous moonshine.
Unit theorems on algebraic tori
Authors: Kim Hyun Kwang
Published: July 2016

Letkbe ap-adic field (a finite extension ofQp) or an algebraic number field (a finite extension ofQ). LetTbe an algebraic torus defined overk. We denote bythe character module ofT(i.e.= Hom (T, Gm), whereGmis the multiplicative group.
Noncommutative classical invariant theory
Authors: Teranishi Yasuo
Published: July 2016

Let K be a field of characteristic zero, V a finite dimensional vector space and G a subgroup of GL(V). The action of G on V is extended to the symmetric algebra on V over K,

and the tensor algebra on V over K,
Explicit formulas for local factors in the Euler products for Eisenstein series
Authors: Feit Paul
Published: July 2016

Our objective is to prove that certain Dirichlet series (in our variable q−s), which are defined by infinite sums, can be expressed as a product of an explicit rational function in q−s times an unknown polynomial M in q−s Moreover we show that M(q−s) is 1 if a simple condition is met. The Dirichlet series appear in the Euler products of Fourier coefficients for Eisenstein series. The series discussed below generalize the functions α0(N, q−s) used by Shimura in [12], and the theorem is an extension of Kitaoka’s result [5].
Eisenstein series in hyperbolic 3-space and Kronecker limit formula for biquadratic field
Authors: Konno Shuji
Published: July 2016

Let L = K be the composite of two imaginary quadratic fields and K. Suppose that the discriminants of and K are relatively prime. For any primitive ray class character χ of L, we shall compute L(1, χ) for the Hecke L-function in L. We write for the conductor of χ and C for the ray class modulo . Let c ε C be any integral ideal prime to . We write as g-module where g, n and ϑL are, respectively, the ring of integers in k, an ideal in k and the differente of L. Let where T(χ) is the Gaussian sum and, as in (3.2),
A Riesz decomposition theorem
Authors: Graversen S. E.
Published: July 2016

The topic of this note is the Riesz decomposition of excessive functions for a “nice” strong Markov process X. I.e. an excessive function is decomposed into a sum of a potential of a measure and a “harmonic” function. Originally such decompositions were studied by G.A. Hunt [8]. In [1] a Riesz decomposition is given assuming that the state space E is locally compact with a countable base and X is a transient standard process in strong duality with another standard process having a strong Feller resolvent. Recently R.K. Getoor and J. Glover extended the theory to the case of transient Borei right processes in weak duality [6].
E(K/k) and other arithmetical invariants for finite Galois extensions
Authors: Katayama Shin-Ichi
Published: July 2016

Let k be an algebraic number field and K be a finite extension of k. Recently, T. Ono defined positive rational numbers E(K/k) and E′(K/k) for K/k. In [7], he investigated some relations between E(K/k) and other cohomological invariants for K/k. He obtained a formula when K is a normal extension of k. In our paper [3], we obtained a similar formula for E′(K/k) in the case of normal extensions K/k. Both proofs essentially use Ono’s results on the Tamagawa number of algebraic tori, on which the formulae themselves do not depend. Hence, in [8], T. Ono posed a problem to give direct proofs of these formulae.
Correction to “Gromov’s convergence theorem and its application” (Nagoya Math. J. Vol. 100 (1985), 11–48)
Authors: Katsuda Atsushi
Published: July 2016

In the proof of Lemma 12.2, the following inequality (p. 43, line 11) is incorrect.

This should be corrected as follows.
On the existence of optimal control for controlled stochastic partial differential equations
Authors: Nagase Noriaki
Published: July 2016

In this paper we are concerned with stochastic control problems of the following kind. Let Y(t) be a d’-dimensional Brownian motion defined on a probability space (Ω, F, Ft, P) and u(t) an admissible control. We consider the Cauchy problem of stochastic partial differential equations (SPDE in short)

where L(y, u) is the 2nd order elliptic differential operator and M(y) the 1st order differential operator.
OnF-integrable actions of the restricted Lie algebra of a formal groupFin characteristicp> 0
Authors: Tyc Andrzej
Published: July 2016

Letkbe an integral domain, letF= (F1X, Y),…,Fn(X, Y)),X= (X1,…,Xn),Y= (Y1,…,Yn), be ann-dimensional formal group overk, and letL(F) be the Lie algebra of allF-invariantk-derivations of the ring of formal power seriesk[X] (cf. § 2). If A is a (commutative)k-algebra and Derk(A) denotes the Lie algebra of allk-derivationsd:A→A, then by an action ofL(F) onAwe mean a morphism of Lie algebrasφ:L(F) → Derk(A) such thatφ(dp) = φ(d)p, provided char (k) =p> 0. An action of the formal groupFonAis a morphism ofk-algebrasD:A-→A[X] such thatD(a)≡a mod (X) fora ∊ A, andFA∘D=DY∘D, whereFA:A[X] →A[X, Y],DF:A[X] →A[X, Y] are morphisms ofk-algebras given byFA(g(X))=g(F), DY(ΣaaaXa) =ΣaD(aa)Y;for a motivation of this notion, see [15]. LetD:A→A[X] be such an action.
A remark on the space of testing random variables in the white noise calculus
Authors: Kubo Izumi , Yokoi Yoshitaka
Published: July 2016

The first author and S. Takenaka introduced the structure of a Gel’fand triplet ℋ ⊂ (L2) ⊂ ℋ* into Hida’s calculus on generalized Brownian functionals [4-7]. They showed that the space ℋ of testing random variables has nice properties. For example, ℋ is closed under multiplication of two elements in ℋ, each element of ℋ is a continuous functional on the basic space ℰ*, in addition it can be considered as an analytic functional, and moreover exp [tΔv] (Δv is Volterra’s Laplacian) is real analytic in t ∊ R as a one-parameter group of operators on ℋ, etc.
Maximal sets and fragments of Peano arithmetic
Authors: Chong C.T.
Published: July 2016

This work is inspired by the recent paper of Mytilinaios and Slaman [9] on the infinite injury priority method. It may be considered to fall within the general program of the study ofreverse recursion theory:What axioms of Peano arithmetic are required or sufficient to prove theorems in recursion theory? Previous contributions to this program, especially with respect to the finite and infinite injury priority methods, can be found in the works of Groszek and Mytilinaios [4], Groszek and Slaman [5], Mytilinaios [8], Slaman and Woodin [10]. Results of [4] and [9], for example, together pinpoint the existence of an incomplete, nonlow r.e. degree to be provable only within some fragment of Peano arithmetic at least as strong asP-+IΣ2. Indeed an abstract principle on infinite strategies, such as that on the construction of an incomplete high r.e. degree, was introduced in [4] and shown to be equivalent toΣ2induction over the base theoryP-+IΣ0of Peano arithmetic.
Algebraic K3 surfaces with finite automorphism groups
Authors: Kondō Shigeyuki
Published: July 2016

The purpose of this paper is to give a proof to the result announced in [3]. Let X be an algebraic surface defined over C. X is called a K3 surface if its canonical line bundle Kx is trivial and dim H1(X, ϕX) = 0. It is known that the automorphism group Aut (X) of X is isomorphic, up to a finite group, to the factor group O(Sx)/Wx, where O(Sx) is the automorphism group of the Picard lattice of X (i.e. Sx is the Picard group of X together with the intersection form) and Wx is its subgroup generated by all reflections associated with elements with square (–2) of Sx ([11]). Recently Nikulin [8], [10] has completely classified the Picard lattices of algebraic K3 surfaces with finite automorphism groups.
Kirillov models for distinguished representations
Authors: Moen Courtney
Published: July 2016

In the theory of automorphic forms on covering groups of the general linear group, a central role is played by certain local representations which have unique Whittaker models. A representation with this property is called distinguished. In the case of the 2-sheeted cover of GL2, these representations arise as the the local components of generalizations of the classical θ-function. They have been studied thoroughly in [GPS]. The Weil representation provides these representations with a very nice realization, and the local factors attached to these representations can be computed using this realization. It has been shown [KP] that only in the case of a certain 3-sheeted cover do we find other principal series of covering groups of GL2 which have a unique Whittaker model. It is natural to ask if these distinguished representations also have a realization analgous to the Weil representation.
The family of lines on the Fano threefold V5
Authors: Furushima Mikio , Nakayama Noboru
Published: July 2016

A smooth projective algebraic 3-fold V over the field C is called a Fano 3-fold if the anticanonical divisor — Kv is ample. The integer g = g(V) = ½(- Kv)3 is called the genus of the Fano 3-fold V. The maximal integer r ≧ 1 such that ϑ(— Kv)≃ ℋ r for some (ample) invertible sheaf ℋ ε Pic V is called the index of the Fano 3-fold V. Let V be a Fano 3-fold of the index r = 2 and the genus g = 21 which has the second Betti number b2(V) = 1. Then V can be embedded in P6 with degree 5, by the linear system |ℋ|, where ϑ(— Kv)≃ ℋ2 (see Iskovskih [5]). We denote this Fano 3-fold V by V5.
Regular actions of simple algebraic groups on projective threefolds
Authors: Nakano Tetsuo
Published: July 2016

The purpose of this note is to study regular actions of simple algebraic groups on projective threefolds as an application of the theory of algebraic threefolds, especially Mori Theory and the theory of Fano threefolds (cf. Mori [11], Iskovskih [7, 8]). The motivation for this study is as follows. In a series of papers, Umemura, in part jointly with Mukai, has classified maximal connected algebraic subgroups of the Cremona group of three variables and also constructed minimal rational threefolds which correspond to such subgroups (cf. Umemura [16-19], Mukai-Ume-mura [12]). In particular, Umemura and Mukai studied in [12] the SL(2, C)-equivariant smooth projectivization of SL(2, C)/G, where G is a binary icosahedral or octahedral subgroup of SL(2, C). The study of equivariant smooth projectivization of SL(2, C)/G for any finite subgroup G has been completed along their lines in Nakano [14]. The main trick of these studies is the investigation of equivariant contraction maps of extremal rays in the context of Mori Theory [11]. In this note, we apply a similar idea to projective threefolds with a regular action of a simple algebraic group and determine which simple algebraic groups can act regularly and nontrivially on projective threefolds and in which fashion. We also need some standard (but difficult) facts from the theory of Fano threefolds. For the precise statement, see Theorem 1 in the main text. For the proof of this theorem, we need a classification of closed subgroups of simple algebraic groups of codimension 1 and 2, which could be derived easily from the classical work of Dynkin [4]. However, we shall give a geometric proof independent of [4] which leads up directly to the proof of Theorem 1. On the whole, we shall establish by geometric methods the scarcity of closed subgroups of small codimension in simple algebraic groups, which is implied in Dynkin [4].
Boolean valued interpretation of Banach space theory and module structures of von Neumann algebras
Authors: Ozawa Masanao
Published: July 2016

Recently, systematic applications of the Scott-Solovay Boolean valued set theory were done by several authors; Takeuti [25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30], Nishimura [13, 14] Jech [8] and Ozawa [15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20] in analysis and Smith [23], Eda [2, 3] in algebra. This approach seems to be providing us with a new and powerful machinery in analysis and algebra. In the present paper, we shall study Banach space objects in the Scott-Solovay Boolean valued universe and provide some useful transfer principles from theorems of Banach spaces to theorems of Banach modules over commutative AW*-algebras. The obtained machinery will be applied to resolve some problems concerning the module structures of von Neumann algebras.
Solvability of systems of ordinary differential equations in the space of Aronszajn and the determinant over the Weyl algebra
Authors: Miyake Masatake
Published: July 2016

N. Aronszajn introduced in [4] an abstract Frechét space R (0<R≤∞), which is isomorphic to the space of analytic solutions of the heat equation in if 0 < R ∞, and in if R = ∞, and called it the space of traces of analytic solutions of the heat equation. Hereafter, we call it the space of traces, shortly.
On Segregated Rings and Algebras
Authors: Jans J. P.
Published: July 2016

Segregated algebras have been nicely characterized by M. Ikeda [4]. In this paper §1, we consider segregated rings and study the structure of such rings in Theorems 1.1 and 1.2. In §2, we specialize to the case of segregated algebras of finite dimension over a field. Theorem 2.1 gives a new characterization of such algebras. Theorem 2.2 shows an interesting property of segregated algebras; two segregated algebras S and T, with radicals N and P respectively, are isomorphic if and only if S/N2 and T/P2 are isomorphic.