bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pre-emptive resource-constrained multimode project scheduling using genetic algorithm: A dynamic forward approach
Authors: Delgoshaei Aidin , Ariffin Mohd Khairol Mohd , Tuah Baharudin B. T. Hang
Published: September 2016

Purpose: The issue resource over-allocating is a big concern for project engineers in the process of scheduling project activities. Resource over-allocating drawback is frequently seen after scheduling of a project in practice which causes a schedule to be useless. Modifying an over-allocated schedule is very complicated and needs a lot of efforts and time. In this paper, a new and fast tracking method is proposed to schedule large scale projects which can help project engineers to schedule the project rapidly and with more confidence.Design/methodology/approach: In this article, a forward approach for maximizing net present value (NPV) in multi-mode resource constrained project scheduling problem while assuming discounted positive cash flows (MRCPSP-DCF) is proposed. The progress payment method is used and all resources are considered as pre-emptible. The proposed approach maximizes NPV using unscheduled resources through resource calendar in forward mode. For this purpose, a Genetic Algorithm is applied to solve.Findings: The findings show that the proposed method is an effective way to maximize NPV in MRCPSP-DCF problems while activity splitting is allowed. The proposed algorithm is very fast and can schedule experimental cases with 1000 variables and 100 resources in few seconds. The results are then compared with branch and bound method and simulated annealing algorithm and it is found the proposed genetic algorithm can provide results with better quality. Then algorithm is then applied for scheduling a hospital in practice.Originality/value: The method can be used alone or as a macro in Microsoft Office Project® Software to schedule MRCPSP-DCF problems or to modify resource over-allocated activities after scheduling a project. This can help project engineers to schedule project activities rapidly with more accuracy in practice.
BiPOD Arthroscopic Acromioclavicular Repair Restores Bidirectional Stability
Authors: De Beer Joe , Schaer Michael , Latendresse Kim , Raniga Sumit , Moor Beat K. , Zumstein Matthias A.
Published: September 2016

Stabilizing the acromioclavicular joint in the vertical and horizontal planes is challenging, and most current techniques do not reliably achieve this goal. The BiPOD repair is an arthroscopically assisted procedure performed with image intensifier guidance that reconstructs the coracoclavicular ligaments as well as the acromioclavicular ligaments to achieve bidirectional stability. Repair is achieved with a combination of 2-mm FiberTape (Arthrex, Naples, Florida) and 20-mm Poly-Tape (Neoligaments, Leeds, England) to achieve rigid repair, prevent bone abrasion, and promote tissue ingrowth. This study is a prospective review of the first 6 patients treated for high-grade acute acromioclavicular injury with the BiPOD technique. The study included 6 men who were 21 to 36 years old (mean, 27 years). At 6-month follow-up, complications were recorded and radiographic analysis was used to determine the coracoclavicular distance for vertical reduction and the amount of acromioclavicular translation on the Alexander axillary view was used to determine horizontal reduction. One patient had a superficial infection over the tape knot. The difference in coracoclavicular distance between the operated side and the uninvolved side was 9±2 mm preoperatively and 0.3±2 mm at 6-month follow-up. On Alexander axillary view, all 6 patients showed stable reduction, which is defined as a clavicle that is in line with the acromion. The findings show that BiPOD acromioclavicular reconstruction restores bidirectional stability of the acromioclavicular joint at 6 months. [
Orthopedics.
2017; 40(1):e35–e43.]
Chronic Quadriceps Tendon Rupture After Total Knee Arthroplasty Augmented With Synthetic Mesh
Authors: Ormaza Amaia , Moreta Jesús , Mosquera Javier , de Ugarte Oskar Sáez , Mozos José Luis Martinez-de los
Published: September 2016

Tear of the quadriceps tendon after revision or primary total knee arthroplasty is a rare complication, but when it occurs, this injury has serious functional consequences. In complete tears, the outcome of direct repair is unpredictable, and several authors recommend that the suture should be reinforced. Several techniques have been described, including the use of autografts, allografts, and synthetic mesh. The goal of this study was to assess the outcomes of a reconstruction technique augmented with synthetic mesh. A retrospective study was performed involving 3 patients who had chronic partial quadriceps tendon tear after total knee revision. In 2 cases, proximal quadriceps release was performed. When conservative management failed, surgical reconstruction with suture reinforced with synthetic mesh was attempted. The knee was immobilized in full extension for 6 weeks after the surgical procedure. A minimum follow-up of 12 months was required to assess results. All reconstructions showed clinical success at a mean follow-up of 19 months. Mean Knee Society Score improved from 55.7 to 87.3, with average postoperative extensor lag of 3.3° (range, 0°–10°). The mean visual analog scale pain score was 2.3 (range, 0–4). No complications were reported. Synthetic mesh has previously been shown to be an effective treatment for patellar tendon repairs after total knee replacement, but there have been few articles on quadriceps rupture. Surgical reconstruction with synthetic mesh is a viable option that provides good functional outcomes in chronic quadriceps tendon rupture after total knee arthroplasty. [
Orthopedics.
2017; 40(1):38–42.]
Predictors of Hospital Readmission After Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Belmont Philip J. , Kusnezov Nicholas A. , Dunn John C. , Bader Julia O. , Kilcoyne Kelly , Waterman Brian R.
Published: September 2016

The study was conducted to determine the incidence rate, risk factors, and postoperative conditions associated with 30-day readmission after total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA). A total of 3547 patients who underwent primary TSA were identified from the 2011–2013 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. The 30-day readmission rate was 2.9%. The only preoperative predictors of hospital readmission were American Society of Anesthesiologists classification of 3 or greater (odds ratio, 2.16; 95% confidence interval, 1.30–3.61) and a history of cardiac disease (odds ratio, 2.13; 95% confidence interval, 1.05–4.31). Of patients with any perioperative complications, 42 (34%) were readmitted, and the presence of any complication increased the risk of readmission (odds ratio, 28.95; 95% confidence interval, 18.44–45.46). Periprosthetic joint infection, myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, deep venous thrombosis, and pneumonia were significant predictors of hospital readmission after TSA (
P
<.0001). The incidence of hospital readmission after TSA peaked within the first 5 days after discharge, and 26%, 32%, and 55% of all hospital readmissions occurred by postoperative days 5, 7, and 14, respectively. Pre-operative medical optimization to reduce the rates of postoperative complications, such as periprosthetic joint infection, myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, deep venous thrombosis, pneumonia, and urinary tract infection, are likely to decrease the need for subsequent readmission. Patients should be counseled about these risk factors preoperatively. [
Orthopedics.
2017; 40(1):e1–e10.]
El problema de la generación del Estado en Spinoza (contractualismo y naturalismo en la teoría política de la modernidad temprana)
Authors: Cortés Cuadra Juan Vicente
Published: September 2016

El presente artículo busca determinar un modelo propiamente spinociano para pensar la generación del Estado descrita en el Tratado Político. Para ello se intenta desvincular el modelo utilizado por Spinoza del modelo contractualista (estado de naturaleza/pacto social/estado de civilidad), bajo el cual ha sido habitualmente pensado (incluso cuando se sostiene que es un modelo naturalista). Comenzaremos por identificar el “campo de presencia” sobre el cual tanto Hobbes como Spinoza se sitúan. Este será caracterizado bajo el rótulo general de “aristotelismo político”, intentando mostrar su ambigüedad fundamental, constitutiva del problema que tanto Hobbes como Spinoza buscan resolver. Luego, haremos un examen detallado del modelo por el cual Spinoza responde a dicho problema.
Modeling Trilayer Graphene-Based DET Characteristics for a Nanoscale Sensor
Authors: Rahmani Meisam , Karimi Hediyeh , Kiani Mohammad Javad , Pourasl Ali Hosseingholi , Rahmani Komeil , Ahmadi Mohammad Taghi , Ismail Razali
Published: September 2016

Graphene is a promising nanomaterial with outstanding physical and electrical properties that offers a wide range of opportunities for advanced applications in nanoelectronics [1-3].The application of graphene nanoribbon (GNR) in high-speed electronics is being explored extensively because of some excellent properties such as one-atom thickness, mechanical strength, flexibility, high thermal conductivity up to 50 W cm –1 K –1, extremely highcurrent-carrying capacity up to 10 9 A/cm 2, high carrier mobility in excess of 200,000 cm 2 V –1 s –1, high carrier saturation velocity 3 of ~5×10 7cm s –1, and extraordinarily rapid charge-carrier transportwhich is intrinsically ambipolar, meaning that both positive and negative carriers are important [4-9]. Trilayer graphene nanoribbon (TGN) as one of the most common multilayers of graphene is taken into consideration in this study.
GAS Sensor Modelling and Simulation
Authors: Akbari Elnaz , Buntat Zolkafle , Ahmadi Mohammad Taghi , Karimi Hediyeh , Khaledian Mohsen
Published: September 2016

Both graphene and CNTs experience changes in their electrical conductance when exposed to different gases (such as CO2, NO2, and NH3), and they are, therefore, ideal candidates for sensing/measuring applications. In this research, a set of novel gas sensor models employing Field Effect Transistor structure using these materials have been proposed. In the suggested models, different physical properties such as conductance, capacitance, drift velocity, carrier concentration, and the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of graphene/CNTs have been employed to model the sensing mechanism. An Artificial Neural Network model has also been developed for the special case of a CNT gas sensor exposed to NH3 to provide a platform to check the accuracy of the models. The performance of the models has been compared with published experimental data which shows a satisfactory agreement.
Sensors and Amplifiers
Authors: Fathi Amir , Azizian Sarkis , Sharifan Nastaran
Published: September 2016

Sensors are electrical-mechanical elements which are the interface between environment and electrical systems. The input of sensors is characteristics of the environment for example temperature, pressure and etc. and their output is a small electric voltage or current. Their job is to convert environment characteristics to an electric voltage or current at their outputs. Since the output current or voltage is very small, it must be amplified in order to be suitable for use in electronic systems. In this chapter we completely explain the design procedure and characteristics of sensor amplifiers. The important parameters of sensor amplifiers are input and output resistance, gain, unity gain bandwidth and etc. One of the most important characteristics of amplifiers is the linearity of amplification in a way that it must have uniformity for all amplitude voltages or currents in all frequencies of the bandwidth. For this purpose, first the operational amplifier is completely discussed, then the linearity of feedback operation will be explained.
Wireless Nanosensor Networks
Authors: Anwar Sohail
Published: September 2016

Nanotechnology is enabling the development of devices in a scale ranging from one to a few hundred nanometers, which can perform tasks such as sensing, data storing, computing, and actuation. These nano devices will be able to cover larger areas and perform more complex tasks through communication. Wireless nanosensor networks (WNSNs) are collections of nanosensor devices with communication capability. The key components of a WNSN include nano-nodes, nano-router, nano-micro interface, and gateway. WNSNs have numerous potential biomedical, environmental, industrial, and military applications. This chapter provides an overview of the architecture, applications, and issues associated with the development of WNSNs.
E-Service-Learning in Virtual Teamwork
Authors: Rawlings Melody S. , Downing Megan S.
Published: September 2016

Service learning opportunities need not be limited to the traditional classroom. Electronic service learning (e-service learning), also known as online service learning, breaks free from geographic restrictions and can take place anywhere students have Internet access. With over 6.7 million students enrolled in online courses through American universities, integrating e-service learning into the online environment can enrich the education of this growing number of online students. Coupled with virtual teamwork, e-service learning provides students with unique leadership opportunities that transcend the traditional classroom. Along with benefits there are also challenges associated with both e-service and virtual teamwork. This chapter focuses on the benefits and challenges of e-service learning in virtual teamwork, sources for e-service opportunities, and instructional design strategies to equip instructors with the tools for implementing this valuable learning experience.
Effect of Pre-Crack on Fatigue Behaviors of Concrete under Tension and Compression Loading
Authors: Guo Meng Meng , Feng Zhong Ren , Wang Xiong Jiang
Published: September 2016

With the material testing machine of electro-hydraulic servo, fatigue test have been carried out on coarse aggregate concrete with pre-crack .The fatigue life and fatigue strength of the concrete have been measured under tension and compression loading. The effect of pre-crack on concrete fatigue behavior has been analyzed based on the test results. Having regression treatment, obtained the concrete S-N curve and S-lgN curve of fatigue life. Mean-while, applying ANSYS finite element software, analysis and comparison of the fatigue behavior have been performed. The results show that pre-crack has a great influence on the fatigue behavior of concrete, and the fatigue life is reduced for 75%~80%.
Micro Parameters Sensitivity of Coarse Grained Material in Mechanics and Deformation Based on PFC3D
Authors: Zhang Zhi Hua , Zhang Xie Dong , Qiu Hong Sheng , Zhang Bei Yang
Published: September 2016

In order to study the effects of various parameters on macro-mechanical and deformational characteristics of coarse grained material based on discrete element method, triaxial tests have been conducted. Weighted average assembling method is used to assemble the numerical model based on PFC3D. The ratio of normal and shear stiffness of particles (kn/ks), shearing rate and friction coefficient are chosen as micro parameters to analyze the influential sensitivity. Curves of stress-strain intensity are taken as the mechanical analytic method. The particle rotation field as deformation analysis method is proposed to sort the sensitivity of these parameters in strength and deformation of coarse grained material. The research shows that the parameters have a certain effect on the strength and deformation of coarse grained material. kn/ks has the greatest influence on both. The sensitive list of the strength and deformation hopefully can be discussed with the relevant scholars, which can provide a reference for the adjustment of micro parameters in numerical field.
Study on Aging Strengthening of Mg-Zn-Cu Alloy Based on Component Optimization Design
Authors: Ye Jie , Lin Xiao Ping , Dong Yun , Li Bo , Xu Gao Peng , Teng Fei , Sun Gui Fang , Han Jie
Published: September 2016

In this study, we investigated the aging strengthening of Mg-Zn-Cu alloy based on component optimization design by FactSage software, optical microscope (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Vickers hardness tester. The results show that the precipitation rate of MgZn2 phase in Mg-6Zn-1Cu is significantly higher than that of the other alloys. When Mg-6Zn-1Cu alloy is subjected to aging at 160°C for different time, the phase consists of α-Mg, MgCu2 and MgZn2. The content of main strengthening phase MgZn2 is increasing with the prolonging of aging time. When Mg-6Zn-1Cu alloy aged at 160°C for 10h, the kinetics of precipitation is considerably accelerated. The results indicate that the hardening produced in the Cu-containing alloy is considerably higher than in the Mg-Zn alloy. Therefore, based on component optimization design to establish Mg-Zn-Cu alloy solidification database, and to predict the phase equilibrium and thermodynamic properties of the alloy, is an effective method for the development of new magnesium alloy.
Effect of Normalization Process on the Microstructure and Properties of Annealed Cold-Rolled Sheet of Oriented Silicon Steel
Authors: Xiong Tao , Zhao Gang , Gao Jian Wen
Published: September 2016

Research object of this article is a type of oriented silicon steel in 3.07% silicon content. By comparing samples under normalization and non-normalization respectively after primary recrystallizing annealing and secondary recrystallizing annealing, we have figured out how normalization influenced the recrystallizing behavior. The EBSD data of samples showed that normalization can half the grain size after primary recrystallizing, raise the percentage content of favored grain boundaries and high-angle grain boundaries, increase the content of Goss orientation grains by 5 times. And normalization coarsens the secondary recrystallizing grains, triples the magnetic induction and reduces the iron loss by half.
Effect of the Seawater Flow Velocity on the Protectiveness of Calcareous Deposits by Electrochemical Methods
Authors: Li Cheng Jie , Li Jian Ye
Published: September 2016

The influence of flow velocity on the protectiveness of calcareous deposits which formed by cathodic protection in seawater was studied. The deposition process and the protectiveness of calcareous deposits were investigated by electrochemical impedance spectrum (EIS) and linear polarization resistance technique (LPR). The EIS results showed that the capacitive loops sizes decreased with increasing flow velocities, indicating that calcareous deposits formed at higher flow velocities provided poorer protectiveness. An exponential decrease of protectiveness with increasing flow velocities was observed, which was quantified by LPR. The results of SEM and XRD showed that aragonite of calcium carbonate deposited at lower flow velocities but magnesium hydroxide deposited at higher velocities.
Numerical Simulations and Experimental Investigations on Lead Iodide Single Crystals Growth
Authors: Liu Jing , Zhang Yu
Published: September 2016

Lead iodide (PbI2) single crystal for room temperature radiation detectors are mainly produced by Vertical Bridgman (VB) method. Computer simulations of the VB method could be an effective tool to optimize the growth process and reduce the production costs. In the present study, we applied the general Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code to solute the quasi-static two-dimensional (2D) axisymmetric model of the VB ampoule filled with PbI2 melt and direct the growth of high quality PbI2 single crystals with a diameter of 15 mm. The thermal conductivity and latent heat generation during the crystallization is considered in the numerical model. We focused on the crystal-melt interface deflection. The results demonstrated that the ampoule with 15 mm diameter is better than that of 30 mm. The experimental results showed that the single crystal with 15 mm diameter exhibited high electrical resistivity (109 Ωcm).
IL-17 Augments B Cell Activation in Ocular Surface Autoimmunity
Authors: Subbarayal Brinda , Chauhan Sunil K. , Di Zazzo Antonio , Dana Reza
Published: September 2016

Accumulating evidence shows that IL-17 is critically involved in diverse autoimmune diseases. However, its effect on the induction and progression of the humoral immune response is not fully understood. Using a preclinical model of IL-17–mediated dry eye disease, we demonstrate that upon encountering both the BCR and a secondary T cell signal, IL-17 can enhance B cell proliferation and germinal center formation in dry eye disease mice, suggesting that a stable Ag-dependent T–B cell interaction is required. Additionally, IL-17 also promotes the differentiation of B cells into isotype-switched B cells and plasma cells. Furthermore, we show that Th17 cells are more effective than Th1 cells to provide B cell help. Reduced B cell response correlates with significant reduction in clinical disease after in vivo IL-17A neutralization. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate a new role of IL-17 in promoting autoimmunity in part through directly enhancing B cell proliferation, differentiation, and plasma cell generation.
Recruitment and retention strategies for public sector optometrists in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa
Authors: Ramson Prasidh , Govender Pirindha , Naidoo Kovin
Published: September 2016

Background: In South Africa, there is a paucity of optometrists serving the needs of the larger public sector. KwaZulu-Natal is one of the most densely populated provinces and home to several of the poorest districts. Despite an optometry school in the province, and with a lack of compulsory community service for new graduates, more optometrists are needed to serve the public sector. While studies on the recruitment and retention of medical and allied health professionals have been conducted, limited evidence exists on work trends of public sector optometrists.Methods: A cross-sectional study design using both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods was used. All public sector optometrists and local district health co-ordinators in the province were contacted, with an 80% (41 out of 51) and 75% (9 out of 12) response rate, respectively. Questionnaires containing demographic, recruitment, retention and open-ended questions were distributed by post, fax and email and via an online survey to both groups. Telephonic interviews were also conducted using semi-structured techniques. Frequency distributions, Fisher’s exact test and odds ratios were used to statistically describe the demographic data, while qualitative responses were recorded and analysed for commonly occurring themes.Results: The present public sector optometry workforce comprises mainly young (73%), black (70%), women (66%). They chose to work in the public sector to ‘make a difference’ and were attracted by ‘good working hours’ and ‘job security’. Fifty-three percent of optometrists work in the public sector due to a study bursary, for which there was a statistically significant association for race (p = 0.01), gender (p = 0.05) and background origin (p = 0.05). To aid their retention in public service, improved salaries, career progression, recognition, improved management relations and improved instrumentation were ranked highest by these optometrists.Conclusion: The demographic profile of presently serving public sector optometrists poses many human resource (HR) challenges and opportunities. Universities should pay attention to rural origin of students and provide exposure to rural clinical experiences during study. Departments of Health use study bursary incentives to recruit optometrists, but need to consider financial and non-financial incentives for their retention. At hospital level, a responsive HR management system should be implemented with emphasis on career management, recognition, improving infrastructure and supporting professional development.
Health evaluation of African penguins (Spheniscus demersus) in southern Africa
Authors: Parsons Nola J. , Gous Tertius A. , Schaefer Adam M. , Vanstreels Ralph E.T.
Published: September 2016

The African penguin (Spheniscus demersus) is an endangered seabird that breeds along the coast of Namibia and South Africa, and disease surveillance was identified as a priority for its conservation. Aiming for the establishment of baseline data on the presence of potential pathogens in this species, a comprehensive health assessment (blood smear examination, haematology, biochemistry and serology) was conducted on samples obtained from 578 African penguins at 11 breeding colonies and a rehabilitation centre. There were 68 penguins that were seropositive for at least one of seven pathogens tested: avian encephalomyelitis virus, avian infectious bronchitis virus, avian reovirus, infectious bursal disease virus, Newcastle disease virus, Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae. All samples were seronegative for avian influenza virus subtypes H5 and H7 and infectious laryngotracheitis virus. The apparent prevalence of Babesia sp. and Borrelia sp. in blood smears was consistent with previous studies. Babesia-infected individuals had a regenerative response of the erythrocytic lineage, an active inflammatory response and hepatic function impairment. These findings indicate that African penguins may be exposed to conservation-significant pathogens in the wild and encourage further studies aiming for the direct detection and/or isolation of these microorganisms.
Pylephlebitis with Liver Abscess Secondary to Chronic Appendicitis: A Radiological Conundrum
Authors: Santosh Divya , Low Gavin
Published: September 2016

Septic thrombophlebitis of the portal vein and/or its intra-hepatic branches (pylephlebitis) with associated liver abscess formation is a rare and potentially fatal complication of intra-abdominal infection. We present such a case that was caused by missed chronic appendicitis. Imaging findings can be complex and mimic other diseases leading to a diagnostic conundrum. Radiologists need to be knowledgeable of this challenging condition to prevent misdiagnosis and because prompt treatment is often life-saving.
Nucleolar Persistence: Peculiar Characteristic of Spermatogenesis of the Vectors of Chagas Disease (Hemiptera, Triatominae)
Authors: Madeira Fernanda Fernandez , Borsatto Kelly Cristine , Lima Anna Claudia Campaner , Ravazi Amanda , de Oliveira Jader , da Rosa João Aristeu , de Azeredo-Oliveira Maria Tercília Vilela , Alevi Kaio Cesar Chaboli
Published: September 2016

All species of triatomines are considered potential vectors of Chagas disease and the reproductive biology of these bugs has been studied by different approaches. In 1999, nucleolar persistence during meiosis was observed in the subfamily for the first time. Recently, it has been observed that all species within the genus Rhodnius exhibit the same phenomenon, suggesting that it may be a synapomorphy of the triatomines. Thus, this article aims to analyze the nucleolar behavior during spermatogenesis of 59 triatomine species. All analyzed species exhibited nucleolar persistence during meiosis. Recently, it has been suggested that nucleolar persistence may be fundamental for the spermatogenesis of these vectors, since it is related to the formation of the chromatoid body. Therefore, we emphasize that this phenomenon is a peculiarity of the Triatominae subfamily and that further studies are required to analyze whether the nucleolar material that persists is active.
Comparison of Preferred Bite Sites Between Mites and Ticks on Humans in Korea
Authors: Jang Mi-Sun , Kim Choon-Mee , Kim Dong-Min , Yoon Na Ra , Han Mi Ah , Kim Hyun-Kuk , Oh Won Sup , Yoon Hee-Jung , Wie Seong-Heon , Hur Jian
Published: September 2016

Identification of mite and tick bite sites provides important clinical information. The predominant mite species in Korea associated with scrub typhus are Leptotrombidium pallidum and Leptotrombidium scutellare. The most abundant tick species is Haemaphysalis longicornis. To date, there has been no comparative study on preferred bite sites between mites and ticks in humans. This study included a review of medical records and a field study. For mite bite sites, eschars were checked on 506 patients with scrub typhus, confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence assay or nested polymerase chain reaction on the 56-kDa type-specific antigen gene of Orientia tsutsugamushi. Tick bite sites were identified and marked on a diagram for 91 patients who experienced tick bites within the previous year through a field epidemiological investigation. The mite and tick bite sites in Koreans were compared. The most frequently observed mite bite sites were the anterior chest, including the axillae (29.1%) and the abdominal region, including the inguinal area (26.1%). Tick bite sites were most frequent on the lower extremities (33.0%), followed by the abdominal region, including the inguinal area (26.4%), and upper extremities (26.4%). The distribution was significantly different between mite and tick bite sites (P < 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference in the mite bite (P = 0.001), but not tick bite sites (P = 0.985), between men and women. This is the first report on the differences between tick and mite bite sites, and may help clinicians reach a rapid diagnosis of mite- or tick-borne infection.
Central de autobuses de Mogadouro. Portugal
Authors: Fernandes Fátima , Cannatà Michele
Published: September 2016

Una plaza definida por un conjunto de edificios desconexos y por los muros del cementerio asentados sobre una superficie verde articulada con las escaleras de acceso, caracterizan el lugar como una puerta de entrada a la ciudad.

La estación de autobuses como lugar por excelencia de llegadas y partidas, deberá ejercer una función de interacción con la contemporaneidad, proporcionando confort en la llegada e ilusión en la partida.

La diferencia de cotas existentes en el terreno proporciona la integración de la nave de los autobuses localizándola a la cota de la plaza, con entrada directa y continua de las dos calles laterales y con la cubierta a la cota de entrada al cementerio.
Pabellón multiusos de Campo do Cevadeiro. Vila Franca de Xira. Portugal
Authors: Fernandes Fátima , Cannatà Michele
Published: September 2016

La localización del Pabellón Multiusos presenta algunos temas de tipo arquitectónico y paisajístico que pueden ser referenciados a dos niveles: el primero se refiere a la forma en cuanto objeto y el segundo al carácter de modificación de una preexistencia “ambiental” aunque se trate de un paisaje fuertemente alterado. Las dos problemáticas poseen un elevado grado de importancia en la definición de la estrategia proyectual.
Centro escolar de los combatientes en Ovar. Portugal
Authors: Fernandes Fátima , Cannatà Michele
Published: September 2016

El proyecto mantiene las relaciones del edificio preexistente con la calle y agrega un nuevo volumen, caracterizado formalmente por una implantación curvilínea, que acoge todas las clases mientras reequilibra todos los desniveles y ángulos del terreno. Las diferentes funciones se articulan en dos volúmenes (antiguo y nuevo) caracterizados por los diversos objetivos arquitectónicos – recuperación y nuevo edificio-, y por los requerimientos del plan escolar para niños de tres a diez años.
Del ladrillo al hormigón en la obra de Rogelio Salmona
Authors: Lozano Velasco José María , Lozano Portillo Ana , Montoya Arenas Catalina , Ruiz Taroncher Aida
Published: September 2016

La obra construida por el arquitecto colombiano Rogelio Salmona permanece vinculada, en la cultura arquitectónica contemporánea, al uso muy tectónico y hasta virtuoso del ladrillo visto. Sus raíces y su formación europea y la influencia de Le Corbusier, con quien trabajó colaborando estrechamente, están siempre presentes en su concepción espacial y organizativa. El hormigón visto, material básico en la definitiva formalización de sus construcciones, fue adoptando un papel cada vez menos subsidiario hasta protagonizar alguna de sus últimas creaciones. El Centro Cultural Gabriel García Márquez representa un punto de inflexión que revisamos relacionándolo con sus antecedentes y sus planteamientos teóricos y conceptuales.
Centro cultural Julio Mario Santo Domingo en Bogotá. Colombia
Authors: Bermúdez Samper Daniel
Published: September 2016

El proyecto de intervención comprende el diseño del Centro Cultural y Biblioteca Pública Julio Mario Santo Domingo y del parque recreativo San José de Bavaria de 6 hectáreas de extensión. Con su terminación se consolida un nuevo epicentro recreativo y cultural para la localidad de Suba y para la ciudad de Bogotá.

La edificación propuesta al interior del parque, retrocede 40 metros frente a la vía a razón de los eucaliptos existentes. En este retroceso se desarrollan espacios públicos, vegetados y pavimentados con colores y texturas variables así como la escalinata de tránsito y estancia.
Café del bosque Jardín Botánico. Medellín. Colombia
Authors: Ana Elvira Vélez Villa Arquitectos , Lorenzo Castro Jaramillo Arquitectos
Published: September 2016

El edificio es umbral que prepara la entrada al Jardín. Su presencia sobre la esquina de Carabobo lo convierte en la primera imagen representativa del Jardín en la ciudad. Conformado por muros de concreto ocre, inclinados hacia afuera, de geometría elíptica que se desplaza para traslapar los muros y crear en el rompimiento las puertas. El piso refuerza la intensión; trabajado en una sola superficie de concreto, da continuidad a los muros que conforman el patio y contiene a su vez un espejo de agua. La pérdida de noción del límite que produce el reflejo de los muros y el cielo, concede misterio al espacio. El sonido del agua en constante circulación a lo largo de todo su borde, aísla el ruido de la ciudad.
Edificio de oficinas Terpel. Bogotá. Colombia
Authors: Rafael Esguerra Clevesy Arquitectos , Eduardo Samper Arquitectos
Published: September 2016

El edificio se distingue por su volumetría elemental con su fachada única e irrepetible y por el primer piso transparente, que otorga un mensaje de amabilidad con el espacio público y el medio ambiente. La fachada es la lectura de los tres materiales escogidos, concreto, acero y madera, que se leen como un todo: la estructura, la ventanería y la celosía. La madera cubre la totalidad de la superficie de fachada con el fin de acentuar la forma de paralelepípedo del volumen, como un volumen único. La imagen del edificio es fuerte, no da pie a confusión y se distingue nítidamente en la Carrera Séptima.
Càlcul de coordenades geogràfiques a partir de les estrelles: una proposta didàctica entre les matemàtiques i l'astronomia
Authors: Ferrando Palomares Irene , Pedro Ferrer María Luisa
Published: September 2016

Aquest treball presenta una proposta didàctica per als alumnes de Primer de Batxillerat que mostra la relació de les matemátiques amb l'astronomia, concretament amb el cálcul de les dues coordenades geogràfiques: latitud i longitud. La metodologia emprada en la proposta fomenta el treball autònom dels alumnes mitjançant l'ús d'aplicacions digitals interactives i materials manipulables, el quals permeten als alumnes treballar amb més facilitat amb conceptes de geometria tridimensional que, d'altra forma, resulten abstractes per a ells. La proposta es fonamenta en un problema clàssic: l'obtenció la posició geogràfica exacta d'un punt qualsevol sobre la superfície terrestre.
Utilización de herramientas de cálculo complejas en el aula: desarrollo de LPRES Library
Authors: Tizón Juan M. , Sierra Pablo , Navarro Emilio
Published: September 2016

<span style="line-height: 120%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Normalmente, en el aula se resuelven problemas con modelos sobre-simplificados que permiten obtener la solución manualmente. Sin embargo, estos problemas en la industria se abordan con paquetes de software muy sofisticados que tienen curvas de aprendizaje largas. Por razones obvias de tiempo y espacio, no se pueden abordar en el aula actividades que necesiten el uso de estas herramientas. En este trabajo se propone la construcción de la librería LPRES que emula el funcionamiento de la librería profesional ESPSS que permite al programa EcosimPro simular motores cohete de propulsante líquido. La librería LPRES emplea los modelos sencillos que el alumno maneja en la resolución de problemas de aula pero permite abordar la simulación de sistemas reales con muchos elementos.
The tropical tropopause inversion layer: variability and modulation by equatorial waves
Authors: Pilch Kedzierski Robin , Matthes Katja , Bumke Karl
Published: September 2016

Abstract. The tropical tropopause layer (TTL) acts as a transition layer between the troposphere and the stratosphere over several kilometers, where air has both tropospheric and stratospheric properties. Within this region, a fine-scale feature is located: the tropopause inversion layer (TIL), which consists of a sharp temperature inversion at the tropopause and the corresponding high static stability values right above, which theoretically affect the dispersion relations of atmospheric waves like Rossby or inertia–gravity waves and hamper stratosphere–troposphere exchange (STE). Therefore, the TIL receives increasing attention from the scientific community, mainly in the extratropics so far. Our goal is to give a detailed picture of the properties, variability and forcings of the tropical TIL, with special emphasis on small-scale equatorial waves and the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO).We use high-resolution temperature profiles from the COSMIC satellite mission, i.e., ∼ 2000 measurements per day globally, between 2007 and 2013, to derive TIL properties and to study the fine-scale structures of static stability in the tropics. The situation at near tropopause level is described by the 100 hPa horizontal wind divergence fields, and the vertical structure of the QBO is provided by the equatorial winds at all levels, both from the ERA-Interim reanalysis.We describe a new feature of the equatorial static stability profile: a secondary stability maximum below the zero wind line within the easterly QBO wind regime at about 20–25 km altitude, which is forced by the descending westerly QBO phase and gives a double-TIL-like structure. In the lowermost stratosphere, the TIL is stronger with westerly winds. We provide the first evidence of a relationship between the tropical TIL strength and near-tropopause divergence, with stronger (weaker) TIL with near-tropopause divergent (convergent) flow, a relationship analogous to that of TIL strength with relative vorticity in the extratropics.To elucidate possible enhancing mechanisms of the tropical TIL, we quantify the signature of the different equatorial waves on the vertical structure of static stability in the tropics. All waves show, on average, maximum cold anomalies at the thermal tropopause, warm anomalies above and a net TIL enhancement close to the tropopause. The main drivers are Kelvin, inertia–gravity and Rossby waves. We suggest that a similar wave modulation will exist at mid- and polar latitudes from the extratropical wave modes.
Observed versus simulated mountain waves over Scandinavia – improvement by enhanced model resolution?
Authors: Wagner Johannes , Dörnbrack Andreas , Rapp Markus , Gisinger Sonja , Ehard Benedikt , Bramberger Martina , Witschas Benjamin , Chouza Fernando , Rahm Stephan , Mallaun Christian , Baumgarten Gerd , Hoor Peter
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Two mountain wave events, which occured over northern Scandinavia in December 2013 are analysed by means of airborne observations and global and mesoscale numerical simulations with horizontal mesh sizes of 16 km, 7.2 km, 2.4 km and 0.8 km. During both events westerly cross-mountain flow induced upward propagating waves in the troposphere and stratosphere and trapped waves in the lee of the mountains. Despite similar forcing conditions gravity wave breaking occured during the first event at altitudes between 25 km to 30 km due to weak stratospheric background winds, while waves propagated to altitudes above 30 km during the second event. In the lower troposphere trapped lee waves with horizontal wavelengths of 15 km to 40 km, which propagated horizontally up to 300 km in the lee of the mountains were observed. Global and mesoscale simulations with 16 km and 7.2 km grid sizes were not able to simulate the mountain and trapped lee waves properly due to unresolved mountain peaks. In simulations with 2.4 km and 0.8 km horizontal resolution mountain waves were captured, but exhibited too small amplitudes, too strong decay of trapped waves in the lee of the mountains and too high energy and momentum fluxes at flight level. Increased fluxes in simulations are caused by reduced downward propagating waves due to weaker jumps in static stability at the tropopause and reduced gravity wave reflection.
Fast retrievals of tropospheric carbonyl sulphide with IASI
Authors: Vincent R. Anthony , Duhdia Anu
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Iterative retrievals of trace gases, such as carbonyl sulphide (OCS), from satellite can be exceedingly slow. The algorithm may even fail to keep pace with data acquisition such that analysis is limited to local events of special interest and short time spans. With this in mind, a linear retrieval scheme was developed to estimate total column amounts of OCS at a rate roughly 104 times faster than a typical iterative retrieval. This scheme incorporates two concepts not utilized in previously published linear estimates. First, all physical parameters affecting the signal are included in the state vector and accounted for jointly, rather than treated as effective noise. Second, the initialization point is determined from an ensemble of atmospheres based on comparing the model spectra to the observations, thus improving the linearity of the problem. The entirety of 2014 data from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI), instruments A and B, were analyzed and showed spatial features of OCS total columns including depletions over tropical rainforests, seasonal enhancements over the oceans, and distinct OCS features over land. Error due to assuming linearity was found to be on the order of 11 % globally for OCS. Comparisons to surface volume mixing ratio in situ samples taken by NOAA show seasonal correlations greater than 0.7 for five out of seven sites across the globe. Furthermore, this linear scheme was applied to OCS, but may also be used as a rapid estimator of any detectable trace gas using IASI or similar nadir-viewing instruments.
Ozone and temperature decadal responses to solar variability in the
stratosphere and lower mesosphere, based on measurements from
SABER on TIMED
Authors: Huang Frank T. , Mayr Hans G. , Russell III James M. , Mlynczak Martin G.
Published: September 2016

Abstract. We have derived ozone and temperature responses to solar variability over a solar cycle, from 2002 to 2014 at 20–60 km and 48° S–48° N, based on data from the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument on the Thermosphere–Ionosphere–Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) satellite. Simultaneous results for ozone and temperature with this kind of spatial coverage have not been previously available, and they provide the opportunity to study correlations between ozone and temperature responses. In previous studies, there has not been general agreement on the details or, at times, even the broad behavior of the responses to decadal solar variability. New results from a different dataset should supply new information on this important and interesting subject. A multiple regression is applied to obtain responses as a function of the solar 10.7 cm flux. Positive responses mean that they are larger at solar maximum than at solar minimum of the solar cycle. Both ozone and temperature responses are found be positive or negative, depending on location. Generally, from  ∼  25 to 60 km, the ozone and temperature responses are mostly out of phase (negatively correlated) with each other as a function of solar variability, with some exceptions in the lower altitudes. These negative correlations are maintained even though the individual ozone (temperature) responses can change signs as a function of altitude and latitude, because the corresponding temperature (ozone) responses change signs in step with each other. From  ∼  50 to 60 km, ozone responses are relatively small, varying from  ∼  −1 to ∼  2 % 100 sfu−1 (solar flux units), while temperature responses can approach  ∼  2 °K 100 sfu−1. From  ∼  25 to ∼  40 km, the ozone responses have become mostly positive at all latitudes and approach a maximum of  ∼  5 % 100 sfu−1 near the Equator and ∼  30–35 km. In contrast, at low latitudes, the temperature responses have become negative but also reach a local maximum (near 32 km) in magnitude. The ozone and temperature responses remain mostly out of phase, with isolated exceptions at midlatitudes between  ∼  25 and 45 km. The general negative correlations are consistent with the idea that photochemistry is more in control in the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere. The correlation coefficients between the solar 10.7 cm flux and the ozone and temperature themselves from 2002 to 2014 are positive (negative) in regions where the responses are positive (negative). This supports our results since the correlations are independent of the multiple regression used to derive the responses. We also compare with previous results.
Phytoplankton community structure in the VAHINE mesocosm experiment
Authors: Leblanc Karine , Cornet Véronique , Caffin Mathieu , Rodier Martine , Desnues Anne , Berthelot Hugo , Turk-Kubo Kendra , Heliou Jules
Published: September 2016

Abstract. The VAHINE mesocosm experiment was designed to trigger a diazotroph bloom and to follow the subsequent transfer of diazotroph-derived nitrogen (DDN) in the rest of the food web. Three mesocosms (50 m3) located inside the Nouméa lagoon (New Caledonia, southwestern Pacific) were enriched with dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) in order to promote N2 fixation in these low-nutrient, low-chlorophyll (LNLC) waters. Initially, the diazotrophic community was dominated by diatom diazotroph associations (DDAs), mainly by Rhizosolenia/Richelia intracellularis, and by Trichodesmium, which fueled enough DDN to sustain the growth of other diverse diatom species and Synechococcus populations that were well adapted to limiting DIP levels. After DIP fertilization (1 µM) on day 4, an initial lag time of 10 days was necessary for the mesocosm ecosystems to start building up biomass. However, changes in community structure were already observed during this first period, with a significant drop of both Synechococcus and diatom populations, while Prochlorococcus benefited from DIP addition. At the end of this first period, corresponding to when most added DIP was consumed, the diazotroph community changed drastically and became dominated by Cyanothece-like (UCYN-C) populations, which were accompanied by a monospecific bloom of the diatom Cylindrotheca closterium. During the second period, biomass increased sharply together with primary production and N2-fixation fluxes near tripled. Diatom populations, as well as Synechococcus and nanophytoeukaryotes, showed a re-increase towards the end of the experiment, showing efficient transfer of DDN to non-diazotrophic phytoplankton.