bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Unusual Case of Fungal Keratitis Responding to Antibiotic Monotherapy
Authors: Ahooja Hitendra , Gandhi Neha , Chhikara Neeru , Ghimire Bikram
Published: December 2024

This case report documents a unique instance of Cladorrhinum bulbillosum, fungal keratitis in a pediatric patient responding remarkably well to antibiotic therapy. The presentation, management, and outcome of this molecularly diagnosed case highlight the unprecedented efficacy of moxifloxacin in the face of positive fungal culture. A 1-year-old child with a 1-month history of redness and watering presented with a corneal infiltrate clinically resembling a fungal infection. Microscopic examination revealed the presence of Gram-positive cocci, bacilli, and pus cells, complicating the diagnostic landscape. Despite the positive fungal culture, the patient exhibited a rapid and complete resolution of the infiltrate within a week following treatment with moxifloxacin eye drops. Molecular diagnostic tools confirmed the fungal isolate as Cladorrhinum bulbillosum, a rare cause of fungal keratitis known for its poor response to antifungal agents. This report, the first of its kind, underscores the potential role of antibiotic therapy in the management of specific cases of rare fungal keratitis, challenging conventional expectations and emphasizing the need for individualized treatment approaches.
Recognition and Management of Post-Operative Endophthalmitis: A Review
Authors: Katre Prashant , Dhingra Navneet , Saxena Rushil Kumar , Agarwal Manisha
Published: December 2024

Post operative endopthalmitis is a dreaded complication post any intraocular surgery. Despite major advances in asepsis, surgical techniques and antibiotics, the entity remains a daunting concern for any intraocular surgeon. The purpose of this article is to update ophthalmologists on the recent advances in diagnosis and management of post operative enophthalmitis, beyond the endophthalmitis vitrectomy study, in the hope that it would lead to earlier detection, prompt management and gratifying outcomes for the patients.
Bilateral Macular Coloboma: A Rare Entity
Authors: Virkar Rajlaxmi , Nene Amit S. , Pirdankar Onkar H. , Meshram Madhuri , Badole Pushpanjali , Shah Smitesh
Published: December 2024

A macular coloboma is rare, congenital entity characterized by round or oval area of chorioretinal atrophy of variable size at the macula. A 20-year-old male visited to out patient department with a complain of poor vision in both eyes. Patient underwent a comprehensive ocular examination including best corrected visual acuity, fundus examination and spectral domain optical coherence tomography and was diagnosed with bilateral macular coloboma. Thus, to conclude, macular coloboma is a rare entity with poor visual prognosis. However, low vision rehabilitation services could be suggested to enhance the residual vision.
Public-Private Collaborations in Eye Care
Authors: Sabherwal Shalinder , Javed Mohd , Sood Ishaana
Published: December 2024

Public-private partnerships are an effective mechanism to provide eye care services across India, through their support of existing and developing government health structures. These collaborations can support the provision of skilled manpower in large scale public health interventions being planned and implemented. Further, their work in bolstering programs at national and global level for a diverse array of eye conditions- cataract, diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, provide evidence of their impact. More such models need to be developed for elimination of avoidable blindness and visual impairment.
A New Perspective on Eyelid Laceration Classification: Proposal Based on Study Conducted at a Tertiary Eye Care Centre in South India
Authors: Philips Christina Daisy , Pandharpurkar Modini
Published: December 2024

Context and aim:

Eyelid lacerations can result in morbid changes, both functionally and aesthetically. For meticulous repair and best outcome, a systematic and stratified approach is warranted. Hence we aimed at formulating and employing a simple classification for eyelid lacerations presenting at our emergency department which can also aid for research purposes.

Methods:

A single centre prospective study was conducted at our tertiary eye care centre from July 2018 to July 2020. We designed a classification system based on existing classifications and clinico-anatomical presentations. Sarojini devi eye Hospital Eyelid Laceration (SHEL) classification was then prospectively applied to the patients presenting to our hospital.

Results:

An uncomplicated and comprehensive classification was designed including two major types of laceration with relevant subtypes. Eyelid injuries in a total of 300 patients were evaluated in this study. Interobserver variation and bias was noticed to be reduced and a more universal approach was achieved in planning repairs timely and effectively. This classification was implemented in the lid repair protocol and used in other in-house studies based on eyelid lacerations.

Conclusion:

The classification appeared to be a dependable system to address and document various eyelid lacerations and would guide oculoplastic surgeons to provide optimal outcomes.
Unveiling the Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Artifacts
Authors: Gupta Priyanka , Shroff Daraius , Gupta Charu
Published: December 2024

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a promising novel method for visualizing the microvasculature of the retina and choroidal vascular layers in the macular area. It provides depth-resolved functional and structural information on blood flow in the vessels. OCTA is based on the principle of motion contrast. Artifacts can arise from optical coherence tomography (OCT) image acquisition, intrinsic characteristics of the eye, eye motion, image processing, and display techniques. There are several algorithms available that have the potential to visualize flow, but all have image artifacts. There are various artifacts like projection artifacts in which images of blood vessels are seen at erroneous locations. Others are motion artifacts, masking, and unmasking. These can be detected by interactive evaluation of the images. To generate a comprehensive assessment, OCTA associated with corresponding enface images and B-scan OCT should be simultaneously evaluated. The goal of this article is to provide a framework for the clinician to understand and recognize OCTA artifacts to reduce the risk of misinterpretation.
Bilateral Retinitis Pigmentosa with Bilateral Microphakia: An Uncommon Association
Authors: Aggarwal Anupriya , Kaur Rajwinder , Khan Balbir , Dahiya Priyanka
Published: December 2024

A series of progressive inherited retinal dystrophies known as retinitis pigmentosa include degeneration of rods followed by the loss of cone photoreceptors. This case report of 33-year-old male describes an uncommon Bilateral Retinitis Pigmentosa With Bilateral Microphakia: An Uncommon Association association of bilateral retinitis pigmentosa with bilateral microphakia.
Appearances can be Deceptive
Authors: Sharma Mukta , Thakur Rajneesh , Shalini
Published: December 2024

Soft tissue tumors (STT) are a heterogeneous group of benign and malignant lesions. Some are assumed reactive, and others are clearly neoplastic. They can occur in skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscles, ligaments, nerves and blood vessels. These tumors vary widely in how they look and behave. More than 99% of STT are benign in nature. Here we report a case which we presumed to be lipoma but it turned out to be cavernous hemangioma.
Lost Inferior Rectus Muscle Management with the Transposition of Inferior Oblique
Authors: Alla Stimitha , Vankireddi Mahathi , Yerra Sowjanya
Published: December 2024

A 6-year-old boy who had sustained an injury with iron rod to the right eye (RE) presented to our emergency department with complaints of periorbital swelling, lid hematoma, and diplopia. Ocular motility in RE revealed complete restriction of infraduction. The alternate prism cover test showed large hypertropia of more than 40 prism diopters. The RE had a large conjunctival laceration of 180° and an upper lid laceration involving the canaliculus. The child was taken for immediate wound exploration and surgical repair under general anesthesia suspecting an inferior rectus (IR) injury. The proximal end of IR could not be traced, so anterior transposition of intact inferior oblique was done and lid tear repair with Mini-Monoka stent was performed. Postoperatively, the patient was orthophoric in primary position and with diplopia only in extreme downgaze.
A Comparative Study of Safety and Efficacy of Mitomycin-C (0.08 mg) and Bevacizumab (7.5 mg) in Cases of External Dacryocystorhinostomy
Authors: Sahu Sumit Kumar
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of mitomycin-C (MMC) (0.08 mg) and bevacizumab (7.5 mg) in external dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) and compare their outcomes.

Methods:

This was a prospective, randomized, comparative study in which a total of 20 patients were enrolled, 10 patients in Group A (MMC-assisted DCR) and 10 patients in Group B (bevacizumab-assisted DCR). All the patients were operated by a single surgeon. After fashioning of the nasal mucosal flap, in Group A, circumostial intramucosal injection of 0.02% MMC (0.08 mg in 0.4 mL) was injected equally at 4 points along the freshly created edges of the ostium and similarly, in Group B, circumostial intramucosal injection of bevacizumab (7.5 mg in 0.3 mL) was injected equally at 4 points along the freshly created edges of the ostium. All the patients underwent regular 6 month follow-up. The outcome measures analyzed were anatomical and functional success.

Results:

Functional and anatomical success of both groups was 100%.

Conclusion:

DCR with bevacizumab is as efficacious as DCR with MMC in patients with chronic dacryocystitis and failed DCR cases.
Prognostic accuracy of lactate and procalcitonin in addition to national early warning score in patients with suspected sepsis – A cross-sectional study in a tertiary care center
Authors: Das Nilanjana , Bairwa Mukesh , Kant Ravi , Goyal Bela , Bahurup Yogesh
Published: December 2024

Background:

Sepsis, a major global health concern, leads to millions of deaths annually, hence the need for early and reliable prognostic tools to assess patient risk and guide clinical decision making becomes crucial. This cross-sectional study evaluated the prognostic accuracy of integrating blood lactate and serum procalcitonin (PCT) levels with the National Early Warning Score (NEWS) for predicting mortality in sepsis patients. The objective was to assess whether this lactate and procalcitonin integrated with NEWS score (LP NEWS) could serve as a more effective early prognostic tool compared to established severity scores.

Methods:

Spanning 12 months, the study enrolled adult patients meeting the criteria of sepsis in the ICU and medicine ward of a tertiary care hospital in North India. Data collection included demographics, clinical characteristics, and blood samples for lactate and PCT at admission. NEWS, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), and LP-NEWS scores were calculated with treatment administered per Surviving Sepsis-3 guidelines.

Results:

The research included 200 participants, uncovering significant correlations between blood lactate, PCT levels, and mortality. Survivors had a mean lactate of 2.12 ± 0.70 and PCT of 11.27 ± 11.75, while nonsurvivors had 3.30 ± 1.17 and 30 ± 18.48, respectively (P < 0.001). LP-NEWS significantly differentiated survivors from nonsurvivors (8.23 ± 2.02 vs. 14.12 ± 2.23), with a cutoff of 11 showing 96.9% sensitivity and 88.5% specificity for predicting mortality. LP-NEWS had the highest odds ratio = 3.12, P < 0.001, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve value (0.966), outperforming APACHE II and SOFA scores.

Conclusion:

The LP-NEWS score which integrates blood lactate and serum PCT levels could serve as an effective standalone bedside score, particularly in the initial risk stratification of sepsis.
Demodex and the eye – A review
Authors: Chatterjee Sumana , Gupta Jaya , Srinivas Sanjeev P , Rao Srinivas K
Published: December 2024

Demodex
blepharitis (DB) has become one of the common differential diagnoses in patients presenting with red eyes in daily clinics. In this review article, we have incorporated a detailed discussion about the mite and the various mechanisms by which it causes different signs and symptoms, the risk factors, and diagnostic methods with current and emerging treatment modalities. Because of the chronic symptoms and rather a late diagnosis, DB considerably affects patients’ quality of life. The clues to identify cylindrical dandruff, the diagnostic sign of Demodex, visualization of the mite correlating their presence with signs and symptoms, and instituting early and appropriate treatment are the goals of this article.
Development and validation of a novel tool to measure tear volume in volumetric unit (microlitre) per minute “the standard international unit (SI) tear strip”
Authors: Balamurugan R , Bhattacharyya Anusuya , Sarma Phulen
Published: December 2024

The Schirmer strip measures tear volume in millimeters. A major limitation of the Schirmer strip is that it does not measure tear volume in a volumetric unit. Furthermore, the linearity range, lower limit of detection (LLOD), and lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) are not established. In this context, we developed a new filter paper based tear volume strip, which measures tear volume in microlitres (a volumetric unit), with a defined linearity range, LLOD, LLOQ, as well as inter-day and intra-day variability. We used standard Whatman filter paper no. 41, measuring 40 × 5 mm. Balanced salt solution (BSS) was used as a tear surrogate. By placing a specific volume of BSS at one marked end of the paper, we measured the distance travelled by the BSS after one minute. Different volumes of BSS (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 μl) were used, and the distance travelled by the BSS drop was recorded. Linearity was evaluated, and the LLOQ and LLOD were determined. Scale data were generated within the linearity range (10 replicates for each). Percentage recovery was calculated, and inter-day and intra-day variation as well as intra examiner and inter examiner coefficients of variation (CV%) were evaluated. High linearity (r2 = 0.976) was observed across all the tested volumes (0.5–16 μl), However, linearity improved within the tested volume range of 1–8 μl (r2 = 0.996). With an LLOD of 0.538 μl and an LLOQ of 1.63 μl, data for the scale were generated from 2–8 μl. Overall, volumetric recovery ranged from 97.34%–104%. The intra-day CV% ranged from 4.576% (for 2 μl) to 1.911% (for 5 μl) and 1.71% (for 7 μl). The inter-day CV% ranged from 1.715 (7 μl) to 4.36% (for 2 μl). The intra examiner CV% ranged from 0.422% (for 7 μl) to 2.66% (for 2 μl). The inter examiner CV% ranged from 1.93% (7 μl) to 3.69% (for 2 μl). This new tear volume measuring tool (named SI tear strip) represents a valuable tool for the measurement of tear volume (in μl) per unit time. This tool may be very helpful for the quantitative evaluation of dry eye patients and functional assessment of lacrimal glands.
Predicting corneal decompensation in Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy with Scheimpflug tomography and clinical parameters
Authors: Yesilirmak Nilufer , Souédan Vaël , Pison Aurélie , Bourges Jean Louis
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of various tomographic indices, both established and novel, in predicting endothelial decompensation leading to either spontaneous corneal transplantation or transplantation following cataract surgery in patients with Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD).

Methods:

In this cross-sectional, retrospective study, we reviewed the files of 93 eyes from 54 FECD patients undergoing regular follow-up. We recorded clinical metrics such as morning visual disturbance (MVD) and corrected distance visual acuity. In addition, we extracted topographic measurements including central corneal thickness (CCT); corneal volumes (CVs) within 3, 5, and 7 mm diameters (CV3, CV5, CV7); corneal central-to-peripheral volume ratios (CPVRs) for 3/5 mm (CPVR-3/5) and 3/7 mm (CPVR-3/7); peripheral volume index; thinnest point; corneal thickness spatial profile at 2, 4, 6, and 8 mm (CTSP2, CTSP4, CTSP6, CTSP8); corneal central-to-peripheral thickness ratio at 4 mm (CPTR4); and percentage of thickness increase at 2, 4, and 6 mm (PTI2, PTI4, PTI6), loss of regular isopachs (LRI), displacement of the thinnest point (DTP), and focal posterior surface depression (FPSD).

Results:

Receiver operating characteristic curves revealed a CCT area under the curve (AUC) of 0.732, with an optimal threshold of 596.5 µm yielding 79.7% sensitivity and 63.6% specificity. CTSP4 demonstrated an AUC of 0.706 with a 616.5-µm threshold (77.4% sensitivity, 60.6% specificity), and CPTR4 showed an AUC of 0.588 with a 0.963 threshold (62.3% sensitivity, 60.6% specificity). Notably, MVD presented a statistically significant odds ratio of 4.63 (95% confidence interval = 1.76–12.86). In univariate analyses, LRI, DTP, and FPSD were risk factors for progression, whereas in multivariate analyses, LRI was an independent risk factor for progression.

Conclusion:

The findings suggest that MVD and LRI serve as most significant predictive markers, while CCT, CTSP4, and CPTR4 were average predictive markers for FECD progression, underscoring their potential in guiding clinical decisions and interventions.
Effort–Reward Imbalance and Its Association with Musculoskeletal Pain among Information Technology Professionals
Authors: Raju Aruna , Nithiya Devi R. , Tipandjan Arun
Published: December 2024

Context:

Psychosocial factors at the workplace play a significant role in the development of work stress and are associated with cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and musculoskeletal disorders. Imbalance due to high effort and low reward at the workplace among information technology (IT) professionals can lead to work stress.

Aim:

To assess the effort–reward imbalance (ERI) among IT professionals and its association with musculoskeletal pain.

Settings and Design:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 IT professionals to assess their work-related stress and musculoskeletal pain.

Methods and Material:

A short version of the ERI questionnaire and Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire was used. Along with the ERI questionnaire, the details on sociodemographic profile, chronic diseases, and substance abuses were ascertained.

Result:

Among the study population, the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in any part of the body was 77% in the past one year. Effort–reward imbalance was present in 72% of the study population, and linear regression showed a significant correlation between the effort–reward component with the severity of musculoskeletal score (r = 0.725 P < 0.001). Odds ratio of ERI for musculoskeletal pain was 3.2, 95% CI (2.1-4.7), P < 0.01.

Conclusions:

Psychosocial factors at work assessed through ERI appeared to be an important component in the development of musculoskeletal pain among IT professionals.
Health Implications of Beedi Rolling: Evaluating Morbidity, DNA Damage, and Hematological Profile
Authors: Beerappa Ravichandran , Mathew Geethu , Kiran B.A. , Gaikwad Avinash S. , Kondhalkar Shridhar
Published: December 2024

Background:

Beedi rolling is a labor-intensive occupation that can cause a variety of health problems due to prolonged exposure to tobacco dust. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess morbidity, hematological profile, and DNA damage among beedi rollers in Karnataka.

Methods:

A total of 153 participants, including 85 beedi and 65 non-beedi rollers, were enrolled in the study. Morbidity status and hematological parameters were determined through a structured questionnaire and autoanalyzer, respectively. DNA damage was quantified by measuring micronuclei frequency from buccal mucosal cells.

Results:

The majority of beedi rollers were women from low socioeconomic background. Nearly half of them work in an environment with poor lighting and one-third in rooms with inadequate ventilation. The most commonly reported morbidities included musculoskeletal symptoms, followed by ophthalmic and respiratory symptoms. When compared to non-beedi rollers, the beedi roller group exhibited significantly lower mean hemoglobin levels, red blood cell count, monocyte count, and packed cell volume. Beedi rollers were observed to have higher frequency of micronuclei, indicating increased DNA damage, compared to non-beedi rollers (P = 0.016).

Conclusion:

The elevated micronuclei frequency observed among beedi rollers underscores the importance of continued research to identify and address specific occupational hazards contributing to genetic damage in this population.
Relationship Between Subjectively Assessed Physical Activity (GPAQ) and Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) of Aging Employees in JIPMER, Puducherry: A Cross-Sectional Analytical Study
Authors: Baberwal Kiran , Krishnasamy Vembu
Published: December 2024

Background:

Physical activity appears to be one of the most important strategies for preventing physical and mental disorders. Regular physical activity (PA) may prolong life and appears to be a preventative measure against genetic and molecular aging.

Aim:

To find the relationship between aging adults’ quality of life (QOL) and PA.

Settings and Design:

This cross-sectional analytical study included administrative staff members of Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry.

Materials and Methods:

QOL and PA were monitored and assessed using questionnaires (Global Physical Activity Questionnaire [GPAQ] and World Health Organization QOL Brief Version [WHOQOL-BREF]). Statistical analysis was performed with STATA version 14. For continuous variables, descriptive statistics were presented as means and standard deviations (SDs), while categorical variables were given as percentages. The analysis of multivariate linear regression was performed. P < 0.05 was used as the significance level.

Results:

A total of 66 subjects were examined, and their mean age was 54.93 (SD 3.26) years. The findings indicated that there were no less-active participants, and that people over the age of 50 were more likely to engage in moderate or vigorous PA. The WHOQOL-BREF findings revealed that people had higher QOL. There was no significant link between WHOQOL-BREF dimensions and GPAQ when the effect of PA patterns on QOL was examined using multivariate linear regression analysis, which was adjusted for covariates such as body mass index and waist circumference.

Conclusion:

The amount of physical activity among aging population may differ in different dimensions of QOL.
Application of Geographic Information System and Google Earth Engine for Spatial Analysis of Land Use by the Legacy Dumpsite at Raipur, Chhattisgarh: A Time Series Analysis
Authors: Sharma Hunny , Ruikar Manisha , Shukla Arvind
Published: December 2024

Background:

Legacy dump sites pose health and environmental risks. Challenges such as difficulty in monitoring and the impact of policy changes towards remediation efforts remain enigmatic due to complexities.

Objectives:

Hence this study aimed to use Geographic Information System (GIS) and Google Earth historical imagery to monitor changes in legacy dump site located at Sarona in Raipur and to assess the impact of waste management strategies being implemented currently.

Methods:

A series of historical images were retrieved using Google Earth Pro 2022 (at eye level of 707 meters) from 2007 to 2021. A polygon was plotted using Google Earth, and area of plotted polygon was estimated using QGIS by projecting in desired coordinates (i.e., WGS84 and 44Q). Percentage change in land area use was observed. Time series analysis was conducted using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model to forecast land area use.

Results:

There was a fluctuating trend in land area use by the legacy dump site from 2007 to 2019 with 661.90% increase indicating the need for proper waste management system. Time series analysis of the land area used showed a steep reduction of 36.65% in 2019-20, followed by 78.30% in 2020-21. The Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016 and the functioning of Material Recovery Facility (MRF) in 2020 resulted in a significant reduction in land use at the dump site. As per analysis, 4.84 acres of land was found yet to be remediated to which the Raipur Municipal Corporation is committed to accomplish by December 2024.

Conclusion:

The application of GIS coupled with Google Earth can be a useful tool to monitor changes in land area of legacy dumpsites. Currently employed waste management strategies resulted in sustainable land use and environment conservation, without which it would have experienced exponential growth, necessitating additional land area in the future.
Unveiling the Hepatic Harbinger: Assessing the Fatty Liver Index as a Predictor of Metabolic Syndrome in Female Healthcare Workers
Authors: Yogesh M. , Vamja Roshni , Vala Vijay , Ramachandran Arya , Surati Bhumika , Nagda Jay
Published: December 2024

Background:

Female healthcare workers have unique occupational stressors and lifestyle factors that may increase their risk of metabolic disorders. This study aimed to investigate the utility of the fatty liver index (FLI) as a predictor of metabolic syndrome among female employees in the healthcare sector.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study included 450 female healthcare workers aged ≥18 years, employed in various roles at a tertiary healthcare facility in Gujarat. Clinical examination, anthropometric measurements, and biochemical tests were conducted. FLI was calculated, and metabolic syndrome was diagnosed using harmonized criteria. Logistic regression analysis evaluated predictors.

Results: T

he mean age was 44.2 ± 7.8 years, and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 61%. Increasing the FLI category was significantly associated with a worsening metabolic profile. The odds of hypertension, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease progressively increased with higher FLI levels (P < 0.001), denoting a dose-response relationship. FLI demonstrated good diagnostic accuracy for metabolic syndrome with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.86 (95% CI: 0.81 - 0.89). An FLI cutoff ≥30 provided an optimal balance of sensitivity (71%) and specificity (41%) for predicting metabolic syndrome.

Conclusion:

FLI demonstrates a strong association with metabolic syndrome and related comorbidities in a dose-dependent manner. FLI can be a simple, low-cost screening tool to identify high metabolic risk individuals in resource-limited settings.
Effect of oral hygiene instructions in the maintenance of periodontal health
Authors: Susmitha Koppuravuri Venkata Tirumala , Manukonda Jahnavi , Kondapaneni Tara , Muppaneni Manaswini , Deepa Anumala , Dhulipalla Ravindranath
Published: December 2024

Background:

Empowering individuals with knowledge and skills is necessary for maintaining good oral hygiene. Supplementing chairside oral hygiene instructions can enhance patient education in maintaining proper oral hygiene. Audiovisual aids offer a dynamic and visual medium for demonstrating proper techniques, showcasing the consequences of poor oral hygiene, and highlighting the benefits of preventive measures.

Aim:

This study aims to evaluate the influence of oral hygiene instructions on sustaining periodontal health in patients.

Materials and Methods:

Forty-two patients were divided into two groups containing 21 participants. Baseline measurements were taken for the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) and the Patient Hygiene Performance (PHP) Index. After these initial recordings, scaling was performed, followed by the delivery of oral hygiene instructions. Group I received instructions via videos, while Group II received verbal instructions. The patients were recalled 15 days postscaling for a follow-up, during which OHI-S and PHP Index were re-recorded.

Results:

The data analysis was conducted using paired t-tests and unpaired t-tests. The mean value of the OHI-S and PHP Index after giving instructions via videos is more beneficial than orally. Group I showed a statistically significant difference compared to Group II.

Conclusion:

The study concluded that oral hygiene instructions delivered through audiovisual aids have a positive effect on the periodontal health of patients. There is a potential benefit in enhancing instruction methods using audiovisual aids to achieve better reinforcement.
Impact assessment of integrated-pathy on anthropometric, physiological, biochemical, and psychological parameters on type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: A single-arm, observational study
Authors: Vashisht Akshay , Bhatt Medha , Arya Vedpriya
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has primarily been managed with modern medicine, which is often target-based and nonholistic, leading to long-term adverse effects. Whereas, integrated-pathy is based on the principles of appropriate application of complementary treatments to support the body’s natural healing abilities. It incorporates a range of treatments, including ancient healing practices such as Yoga, Yagya, Ayurveda, Diet, Naturopathy, Pancha-Karma, and diverse Relaxation Techniques along with comprehensive strategies for the management of T2DM.

Objective:

To assess the effectiveness of integrated-pathy on physiological, biochemical, psychological, and anthropometric parameters in T2DM patients.

Materials and Methods:

Based on statistical calculations using G*Power 3.1.9.7, 53 T2DM patients aged (50.26 ± 9.13) years were selected using the convenient sampling. The normality of data (p > 0.05) was checked using the Shapiro–Wilk test in SPSS version 24.0. Psychological variables (quality of life, Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale, and Quality of Diabetes Self-Care) measured at three-time points (day 0, day 7, and day 45), were analyzed with the analysis of variance followed by Bonferroni-adjusted post hoc tests to control type 1 error. Glucose and cholesterol levels were assessed on day 0 and day 45, while treatment satisfaction was assessed on day 0 and day 7 and analyzed using paired t-tests.

Results:

The inclusion rate of participants was 48.18% with 36 female and 17 male participants. 66.03% of the participants were physically active or moderately active, rest 33.97% were least active or had a sedentary lifestyle. A decrease in weight (1.55%), BMI (1.59%), respiratory rate (6.85%), and systolic blood pressure (4.57%) was observed at the end of 7 day. By the end of 45th day a 4.7% reduction in HbA1c levels (p = 0.003), a 9.44% reduction in postprandial glucose (p = 0.46), and a 10.9% reduction in fasting glucose were noted. Regarding lipid profile markers, there was a slight increase in LDL cholesterol (0.5%) and a significant increase in HDL cholesterol (10.65%, p <0.01). VLDL cholesterol decreased by 7.4%, triglycerides by 2.14%, and total cholesterol by 3.95%.

Conclusions:

Our study has attempted to determine the efficacy of integrated-pathy for T2DM patients. The improvements in the physiological, psychological, and biochemical anthropometric measurements suggest a potentially beneficial move toward this therapy strategy.
Exploring participant engagement and adherence in yoga therapy interventions: Insights from refusals and defaulters
Authors: Karri Rama Reddy , Bhavanani Ananda Balayogi , Ramanathan Meena , Mopidevi Vijaya Gopal
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Context:

Understanding participant engagement and adherence is crucial in yoga therapy research. Examining reasons for refusals and defaults (participants who initially consent but later disengage) can enhance recruitment strategies and intervention outcomes.

Aims:

This study explores the factors behind refusals and defaults in yoga therapy interventions to improve participant engagement and adherence.

Materials and Methods:

The study was conducted at a psychiatric hospital involving 1215 eligible individuals, with 770 recruited and final assessments completed for 667. Data on refusals and defaults were collected and analyzed. Various yoga techniques and aerobic exercises were assessed for their impact on participant retention.

Results:

Primary factors influencing refusals and defaults included logistical challenges, individual motivations, and health concerns. Religious beliefs did not influence the decision to participate in the yoga trial. Assorted asanas had higher default rates due to complexity. Significant differences in default rates were found among intervention groups, highlighting the need for tailored strategies.

Conclusions:

Addressing logistical barriers, enhancing motivation, and tailoring interventions can improve participant engagement and adherence in yoga research. Personalized approaches are essential for optimizing the effectiveness of yoga interventions.
Order-automorphism groups of Archimedean ordered groups
Authors: Marks Greg
Published: December 2024

The group of order-preserving automorphisms of a finitely generated Archimedean ordered group of rank

$2$

is either infinite cyclic or trivial according as the ratio in

$\mathbb {R}$

of the generators of the subgroup is or is not quadratic over

$\mathbb {Q}.$

In the case of an Archimedean ordered group of rank

$2$

that is not finitely generated, the group of order-preserving automorphisms is free abelian. Criteria determining the rank of this free abelian group are established.
The Challenges of Using Machine Translation in Rendering Arabic Texts into English
Authors: Zinhom Haithm
Published: December 2024

Regardless of recent arguments about the wide-scale capabilities of artificial intelligence introduced into machine translation systems, some professionals still underestimate machine translation. However, other scholars see MT as an opportunity to develop and improve the translation industry. Apparently, there is no doubt that machine translation has massively impacted the translation profession and changed radically the way human beings interact through languages. Therefore, translators, university professors, and translation companies seek to adapt to these radical transformations in the field of translation studies. Regardless of the advantages of machine translation, it still confronts huge challenges especially when MT strategies and procedures are applied to specific texts in different contexts particularly colloquial Arabic extensively proliferated in contemporary literature and mass media.  On this basis and in response to repeated claims about the high efficiency of machine translation and its extra-ordinary potentialities to render any text from one language into another with accuracy and precision, this paper emphasizes the inability of machine translation mechanisms to render Arabic texts into English and vice versa. The paper emphasizes the damaging impact of using machine translation in rendering into English not only colloquial Arabic dialects but also modern standard Arabic (MSA). The paper also underlines the translation errors resulting from the use of machine translation in rendering modern English texts into Arabic and vice versa with focus on the translation of idiomatic expressions and proverbs. As applied study, the paper will use a variety of texts selected from various literary and non-literary sources/contexts and translate them by “Google Translate” to underline the drawbacks of MT, which subsequently lead to the distortion of the meaning of the SL texts translated into TL. In other words, the paper aims to uncover the mistakes resulting from the use of machine translation when converting both MSA and colloquial Arabic expressions into English and vice versa. The argument of the paper consists of four parts including an introduction, which navigates contemporary translation theories, followed by a scrutiny of the challenges confronting Arabic-English translation, and examples of Arabic/English/Arabic carried out by machine and human translation in addition to a conclusion.
Liederbehandlungen in ausgewählten Lehrwerken für den DaF-Unterricht
Authors: Černetič Jan
Published: December 2024

S predvajanjem nemških pesmi lahko učiteljice in učitelji nemščine pouk nemalokrat popestrijo ali pa ga na osnovi vsebin, besedišča in slovničnih struktur, ki se v pesmih pojavljajo, načrtujejo. V pregledanih šestih serijah učbenikov je pesmi razmeroma malo. Pojavljajo se kot uvod v posamezna poglavja ali na ločenih straneh na koncu učbenika. Največ pesmi je neavtentičnih, napisanih posebej za potrebe pouka posamezne ciljne skupine tujega jezika, saj jih kot take avtorji učbenikov laže vključijo v učbeniški svet oz. prilagodijo obravnavani učni snovi, njihovo besedilo je transkribirano in dijakom na voljo pri reševanju na pesmi navezujočih se nalog. Najpogosteje se pri dijakih preverja slušno(-bralno) razumevanje; ob posamezni pesmi so povprečno tri naloge, med njimi le malo uvajalnih nalog in nalog učnega transferja, ki bi sledile učnim ciljem na samem vrhu Bloomove taksonomije, saj se od dijakov največkrat zahteva prepoznavanje in le malokrat prosto tvorjenje govorjenih in pisnih besedil oz. argumentirano izražanje mnenja. Le redko naloge predstavljajo naslavljajo aktualne družbeno-kulturne teme v nemško govorečih deželah. Navodila nalog učnih oblik ne predpisujejo, učne strategije so preko njih posredovane zgolj posredno. Morebitne razširitve obravnav pesmi v smeri projektnega dela ostajajo domena učiteljice oziroma učitelja. Na podlagi povzetih izsledkov kvantitativne analize učbeniških obravnav pesmi s spremljevalnim didaktičnim komentarjem članek v zaključku izlušči in predstavi ključne pristope k obravnavi petih pesmi pri pouku nemščine na slovenskih srednjih šolah in gimnazijah.
The Implementation of Prototypical Content Word Lists to Analyse the Vocabulary Input Contained in English Language Teaching Textbooks
Authors: Mora Guarín Jaqueline
Published: December 2024

Textbooks are considered a crucial pedagogical component in foreign language teaching and learning contexts. However, analyses of the representation of prototypical patterns in the vocabulary input contained in English language teaching (ELT) textbooks have been scarce since, to the best of our knowledge, no prototypical word lists have yet been produced. This study is primarily intended to reveal whether word prototypicality is represented in two EFL learners’ ELT textbooks differing in age and course level, focusing on the 50 most frequent content words and then elaborating preliminary prototypical word lists based on the classification used in the semantic approaches proposed by Dixon (2005) and Viberg (1984). The findings revealed evidence of prototypicality in both textbooks despite the differences in their intended ages and course levels. The results also showed that, according to the type of content words found in each ELT material, there were differences and similarities related to the prototypical terms between the two books. Moreover, prototypical content words referring to concrete and abstract nouns and perception verbs were more common than other types of content words. Furthermore, the findings also indicated that verbs were the most prototypical content words found in both ELT textbooks. This research has two main significant educational implications. The first involves studying semantic prototypes in the EFL learners’ ELT textbooks, which would bring novel and more specific insights into the role prototypical words might play in vocabulary learning in formal contexts. The second refers to how word prototypicality in the vocabulary input of ELT textbooks might be analysed with the use of prototypical content word lists.
English and Slovene Football Match Reports Through the Lens of Appraisal Language
Authors: Križan Agata
Published: December 2024

The study aims to compare the occurrence  and use of attitude, more precisely, of its subcategories, as well as of their status and realisation in the selected English and Slovene football match reports published by online print media. Attitude constitutes one of the three primary categories within the evaluative discourse-semantic system known as appraisal (Martin and White, 2005). It encompasses language that conveys feelings, judgement of behaviour, and evaluation of things. To explore and compare attitude, the appraisal model developed by Martin and White (2005) was applied as an analytical tool, along with quantitative and qualitative research methods. The analysis reveals that both sets of reports employ all three attitudinal subcategories, express attitude both explicitly and implicitly, and use both positive and negative status. However, there are similarities and differences in the distribution of subcategories, and their status and realisation between both reports. Furthermore, findings indicate that both sets of reports frequently utilize distinct lexis to convey attitude, alongside the shared lexis.
Security Risks and Public Risk Perception Associated with Digital Media
Authors: Chałubińska-Jentkiewicz Katarzyna
Published: December 2024

The media system is the simplest reflection of the social and political situation in a country. The media are also important for state policy, for understanding the value of the public interest. This is especially the case when, when the media are analyzed in the context of their paternalistic role, i.e. their public mission in terms of educating the public, active in public life, according to a sense of axiology and national identity, etc. This is all the more important because in the media market, significant even revolutionary changes are taking place, leading to its liberalization. This is creating the conditions for the development of an alternative media system based on the principles of competition and the provision of a so-called digital service. At the same time, media rules are being unified on a European scale, which particularly concerns new technological conditions and the protection of market rules. In this area, it is obvious and desirable to create completely new solutions enabling the exchange of experience and the preservation of basic requirements defined at EU level. Therefore, the creation of a strengthened organizational system is needed, but without interfering in the regulatory area of the EU Member States. The digital media environment is subject to obvious changes, but it is still the state that plays an important role as a regulator of media reality. At the core of the functioning of a democratic state under the rule of law is freedom of expression. Therefore, on the one hand, the media are a check on the activities of the authorities, but on the other hand, they are also subject to such supervision. It is important to emphasize the position that the specific role the media play in the state and society needs to be assessed from the point of view of the overriding good, which is the public interest in national terms.
Causes and Challenges of the Danube Region Countries in Attracting and Retaining Talents as One of the Key Competitive Advantages of the Future
Authors: Kolar Janez
Published: December 2024

Today's world resonates with increasing oscillation patterns, which are detectable in different timeframes and phase shifts. These oscillations can be detected in shorter or longer periods. Despite fears that computers would replace humans, there is a growing shortage of competent ICT experts. As technologies like High-Performance Computing (HPC), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Quantum Technologies (QT) advance rapidly, this shortage worsens, raising entry barriers. This chapter examines the colourful Danube region countries' challenges in attracting and retaining ICT talent. It compares countries' understanding of creativity, entrepreneurship, new emerging technologies, and competitiveness alongside their capacities to attract and retain skilled ICT professionals.
A novel parasitoid, Pseudopirsonia chaetoceri n. sp. (Imbricatea, Cercozoa), of marine diatoms discovered in Korean coastal waters
Authors: Cho Kyoungwon , Kim Sunju
Published: December 2024

The cercozoan parasitoid Pseudopirsonia infects marine diatoms. Currently, only one species, P. mucosa, in the genus has been formally described in the North Sea. In June 2022 and 2023, we found that the diatom Chaetoceros constrictus was infected by a novel cercozoan parasitoid nanoflagellate during regular monitoring at Yongho Harbor, Korea. We es tablished two strains of the parasitoid and their hosts in culture and performed morphological, biological, and molecular analyses. Molecular phylogeny inferred from small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene sequences demonstrated that the novel parasitoid clustered tightly with P. mucosa with a very low genetic distance. However, substantial morpho logical differences were identified between the two parasitoids. In the zoospore stage, two flagella of the novel parasitoid were subapically inserted and never completely retracted after attachment to the host cell. In contrast, P. mucosa has median- or submedian-inserted flagella, which disappear soon after attachment to the host cell. The auxosome of P. mucosa was surrounded by a mucilaginous envelope, and its division resulted in a morula-shaped accumulation of four flagellate mother cells (FMCs), producing eight zoospores. In contrast, the novel parasitoid auxosome does not cover a mucilaginous coat and produces FMCs via binary fission, which immediately detached from the auxosome and divided to produce two motile zoospores. The novel parasitoid presented a high degree of host specificity, infecting only Chaetoc eraos species, whereas P. mucosa exhibited a broad host range, infecting species of four diatom genera without the genus Chaetoceros. We, therefore, suggest that this novel parasitoid is a new species of the genus Pseudopirsonia.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LEISURE ATTITUDE AND HAPPINESS: THE MEDIATING EFFECT OF RECREATIONAL FLOW EXPERIENCE
Authors: Ayhan Cihan , Eskiler Ersin
Published: December 2024

With technological advancements reducing workload, individuals have increasingly sought to spend their leisure time more efficiently and meaningfully. This trend has fostered a growing positive attitude toward recreational activities. Individuals who approach recreational events with a positive mindset are more likely to experience a state of flow during these activities. The flow experience contributes to individuals' physical, mental, and social well-being by generating positive outcomes. In this context, the study examines the relationship between leisure attitude and happiness among participants in nature sports, with flow experience identified as a mediating variable in this relationship. The research was conducted using a correlational survey model, involving 246 voluntary participants aged 18–74 (Meanage = 31.15 ± 11.93) selected through purposive sampling method. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software, applying Pearson correlation analysis to examine the relationships between variables, and regression analysis based on the Bootstrap method through the PROCESS macro. Hayes’ (2013) PROCESS Macro Model 4 was used to assess the mediating effect. The findings revealed a statistically significant relationship between leisure attitude and happiness, with flow experience serving as a mediator in this relationship. These results indicate that individuals' attitudes toward leisure activities significantly influence their happiness and that the flow experience enhances this effect.