bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abundant presolar grains and primordial organics preserved in carbon-rich exogenous clasts in asteroid Ryugu
Authors: Nguyen Ann N. , Mane Prajkta , Keller Lindsay P. , Piani Laurette , Abe Yoshinari , Aléon Jérôme , Alexander Conel M. O'D. , Amari Sachiko , Amelin Yuri , Bajo Ken-ichi , Bizzarro Martin , Bouvier Audrey , Carlson Richard W. , Chaussidon Marc , Choi Byeon-Gak , Dauphas Nicolas , Davis Andrew M. , Di Rocco Tommaso , Fujiya Wataru , Fukai Ryota , Gautam Ikshu , Haba Makiko K. , Hibiya Yuki , Hidaka Hiroshi , Homma Hisashi , Hoppe Peter , Huss Gary R. , Ichida Kiyohiro , Iizuka Tsuyoshi , Ireland Trevor R. , Ishikawa Akira , Itoh Shoichi , Kawasaki Noriyuki , Kita Noriko T. , Kitajima Kouki , Kleine Thorsten , Komatani Shintaro , Krot Alexander N. , Liu Ming-Chang , Masuda Yuki , McKeegan Kevin D. , Morita Mayu , Motomura Kazuko , Moynier Frédéric , Nakai Izumi , Nagashima Kazuhide , Nesvorný David , Nittler Larry , Onose Morihiko , Pack Andreas , Park Changkun , Qin Liping , Russell Sara S. , Sakamoto Naoya , Schönbächler Maria , Tafla Lauren , Tang Haolan , Terada Kentaro , Terada Yasuko , Usui Tomohiro , Wada Sohei , Wadhwa Meenakshi , Walker Richard J. , Yamashita Katsuyuki , Yin Qing-Zhu , Yokoyama Tetsuya , Yoneda Shigekazu , Young Edward D. , Yui Hiroharu , Zhang Ai-Cheng , Nakamura Tomoki , Naraoka Hiroshi , Noguchi Takaaki , Okazaki Ryuji , Sakamoto Kanako , Yabuta Hikaru , Abe Masanao , Miyazaki Akiko , Nakato Aiko , Nishimura Masahiro , Okada Tatsuaki , Yada Toru , Yogata Kasumi , Nakazawa Satoru , Saiki Takanao , Tanaka Satoshi , Terui Fuyuto , Tsuda Yuichi , Watanabe Sei-ichiro , Yoshikawa Makoto , Tachibana Shogo , Yurimoto Hisayoshi
Published: July 2023

Preliminary analyses of asteroid Ryugu samples show kinship to aqueously altered CI (Ivuna-type) chondrites, suggesting similar origins. We report identification of C-rich, particularly primitive clasts in Ryugu samples that contain preserved presolar silicate grains and exceptional abundances of presolar SiC and isotopically anomalous organic matter. The high presolar silicate abundance (104 ppm) indicates that the clast escaped extensive alteration. The 5 to 10 times higher abundances of presolar SiC (~235 ppm), N-rich organic matter, organics with N isotopic anomalies (1.2%), and organics with C isotopic anomalies (0.2%) in the primitive clasts compared to bulk Ryugu suggest that the clasts formed in a unique part of the protoplanetary disk enriched in presolar materials. These clasts likely represent previously unsampled outer solar system material that accreted onto Ryugu after aqueous alteration ceased, consistent with Ryugu’s rubble pile origin.
Amyloid fibril structures of tau: Conformational plasticity of the second microtubule-binding repeat
Authors: El Mammeri Nadia , Duan Pu , Dregni Aurelio J. , Hong Mei
Published: July 2023

The intrinsically disordered protein tau associates with microtubules in neurons but aggregates into cross–β amyloid fibrils that propagate in neurodegenerative brains. Different tauopathies have different structures for the rigid fibril core. To understand the molecular basis of tau assembly into different polymorphs, here we use solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to determine the structure of a tau protein that includes all microtubule-binding repeats and a proline-rich domain. This P2R tau assembles into well-ordered filaments when induced by heparin. Two- and three-dimensional NMR spectra indicate that R2 and R3 repeats constitute the rigid β-sheet core of the fibril. Unexpectedly, the amino-terminal half of R2 forms a β-arch at ambient temperature (24°C) but a continuous β-strand at 12°C, which dimerizes with the R2 of another protofilament. This temperature-dependent structure indicates that R2 is conformationally more plastic than the R3 domain. The distinct conformational stabilities of different microtubule-binding repeats give insight into the energy landscape of tau fibril formation.
Structure, Assembly, and Function of Flagella Responsible for Bacterial Locomotion
Authors: Minamino Tohru , Kinoshita Miki
Published: July 2023

Many motile bacteria use flagella for locomotion under a variety of environmental conditions. Because bacterial flagella are under the control of sensory signal transduction pathways, each cell is able to autonomously control its flagellum-driven locomotion and move to an environment favorable for survival.
DNA Segregation in Enterobacteria
Authors: Cornet François , Blanchais Corentin , Dusfour-Castan Romane , Meunier Alix , Quebre Valentin , Sekkouri Alaoui Hicham , Boudsoq François , Campos Manuel , Crozat Estelle , Guynet Catherine , Pasta Franck , Rousseau Philippe , Ton Hoang Bao , Bouet Jean-Yves
Published: July 2023

DNA segregation ensures that cell offspring receive at least one copy of each DNA molecule, or replicon, after their replication. This important cellular process includes different phases leading to the physical separation of the replicons and their movement toward the future daughter cells. Here, we review these phases and processes in enterobacteria with emphasis on the molecular mechanisms at play and their controls.
Interventions for intimate partner violence during the perinatal period: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Fu Yu , Fournier Karine , Seguin Niève , Cobey Kelly , Sampsel Kari , Murphy Malia S Q , Wen Shi Wu , Walker Mark , Muldoon Katherine A
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Globally, the prevalence and incidence of perinatal intimate partner violence (IPV) are well documented and substantiated; however, there is an urgent need to identify interventions to prevent recurrence or revictimisation, and decrease the harms of perinatal IPV. This scoping review is designed to broadly capture all potential interventions for the secondary prevention of IPV, review them in detail, and assess what can reduce revictimisation and foster improvements in both maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Methods and analysis

With the structure of the Joanna Briggs Institute and Arksey and O’Malley methodology for scoping reviews, the search will be conducted in: MEDLINE(R) ALL (OvidSP), Embase (OvidSP), CINAHL (EBSCOHost), APA PsycInfo (OvidSP), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (OvidSP), Web of Science, and Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ProQuest). A manual search of the reference lists of the retrieved articles will be conducted to capture all relevant studies for potential inclusion. A year limit of January 2000–June 2022 will be applied to retrieve most current peer-reviewed articles. No search filters or language limits will be used, but only publications in English and French will be eligible for inclusion. Interventions include but are not limited to: psychotherapy, educational sessions, home visitation, etc. Outcomes include but are not limited to: (1) harms of IPV among survivors (eg, revictimisation) and (2) adverse perinatal outcomes (eg, preterm birth). Interventions will be excluded if they target the perpetrator or child(ren) alone. Titles and abstracts of included studies will be screened in duplicate. Full-text documents will be extracted and reviewed by two independent reviewers. Conflicts between reviewers will be resolved by a third independent reviewer. Findings will be presented with descriptive statistics and narrative synthesis.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethics approval is not required for this scoping review. The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication and conference presentations.

Study registration

Open Science Framework (OSF) registry (https://osf.io/e294r) in Centre for Open Science (OSF) on 27 May 2022.
Multimodal diagnostics in multiple sclerosis: predicting disability and conversion from relapsing-remitting to secondary progressive disease course – protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Statsenko Yauhen , Smetanina Darya , Arora Teresa , Östlundh Linda , Habuza Tetiana , Simiyu Gillian Lylian , Meribout Sarah , Talako Tatsiana , King Fransina Christina , Makhnevych Iryna , Gelovani Juri George , Das Karuna M , Gorkom Klaus Neidl-Van , Almansoori Taleb M , Al Zahmi Fatmah , Szólics Miklós , Ismail Fatima , Ljubisavljevic Milos
Published: July 2023

Background

The number of patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) has increased significantly over the last decade. The challenge is to identify the transition from relapsing-remitting to secondary progressive MS. Since available methods to examine patients with MS are limited, both the diagnostics and prognostication of disease progression would benefit from the multimodal approach. The latter combines the evidence obtained from disparate radiologic modalities, neurophysiological evaluation, cognitive assessment and molecular diagnostics. In this systematic review we will analyse the advantages of multimodal studies in predicting the risk of conversion to secondary progressive MS.

Methods and analysis

We will use peer-reviewed publications available in Web of Science, Medline/PubMed, Scopus, Embase and CINAHL databases. In vivo studies reporting the predictive value of diagnostic methods will be considered. Selected publications will be processed through Covidence software for automatic deduplication and blind screening. Two reviewers will use a predefined template to extract the data from eligible studies. We will analyse the performance metrics (1) for the classification models reflecting the risk of secondary progression: sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, positive and negative predictive values; (2) for the regression models forecasting disability scores: the ratio of mean absolute error to the range of values. Then, we will create ranking charts representing performance of the algorithms for calculating disability level and MS progression. Finally, we will compare the predictive power of radiological and radiomical correlates of clinical disability and cognitive impairment in patients with MS.

Ethics and dissemination

The study does not require ethical approval because we will analyse publicly available literature. The project results will be published in a peer-review journal and presented at scientific conferences.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42022354179.
Children Learning About Secondhand Smoke (CLASS III): a protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial of a school-based smoke-free intervention in Bangladesh and Pakistan
Authors: Huque Rumana , Siddiqi Kamran , Khokhar Mariam , Jackson Cath , Kanaan Mona , Hewitt Catherine , Kellar Ian , Welch Charlie , Parrott Steve , Mishu Masuma Pervin , Sheikh Aziz , Iqbal Romaina
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure is a major cause of premature death and disease, especially among children. Children in economically developing countries are particularly affected as smoke-free laws are typically only partially implemented and private homes and cars remain a key source of SHS exposure. Currently, firm conclusions cannot be drawn from the available evidence on the effectiveness of non-legislative interventions designed to protect children from SHS exposure. Following the success of two feasibility studies and a pilot trial, we plan to evaluate a school-based approach to protect children from SHS exposure in Bangladesh and Pakistan—countries with a strong commitment to smoke-free environments but with high levels of SHS exposure in children. We will conduct a two-arm cluster randomised controlled trial in Bangladesh and Pakistan to assess the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of a school-based smoke-free intervention (SFI) in reducing children’s exposure to SHS and the frequency and severity of respiratory symptoms.

Methods and analysis

We plan to recruit 68 randomly selected schools from two cities—Dhaka in Bangladesh and Karachi in Pakistan. From each school, we will recruit approximately 40 students in a year (9–12 years old) with a total of 2720 children. Half of the schools will be randomly allocated to the intervention arm receiving SFI and the other half will receive usual education. Salivary cotinine concentration—a highly sensitive and specific biomarker of SHS exposure—is the primary outcome, which will be measured at month 3 post-randomisation. Secondary outcomes will include frequency and severity of respiratory symptoms, healthcare contacts, school absenteeism, smoking uptake and quality of life. Embedded economic and process evaluations will also be conducted.

Ethics and dissemination

The trial has received ethics approval from the Research Governance Committee at the University of York. Approvals have also been obtained from Bangladesh Medical Research Council and Pakistan Health Research Council. If SFI is found effective, we will use a variety of channels to share our findings with both academic and non-academic audiences. We will work with the education departments in Bangladesh and Pakistan and advocate for including SFI within the curriculum.

Trial registration number

ISRCTN28878365
Association between socioecological factors and electronic cigarette use among Thai youth: an institution-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Seeherunwong Acharaporn , Tipayamongkholgul Mathuros , Angsukiattitavorn Suleemas , Muangsakul Wipanun , Singkhon Onnalin , Junda Sangdao , Sittichai Ruthaychonnee , Ondee Pasitta , Aekplakorn Wichai
Published: July 2023

Objectives

This study aimed to examine cigarette use distribution, pattern of e-cigarette use and to determine socioecological model (SEM) factors associated with e-cigarette use among Thai youth (aged 15–24).

Design

An institution-based cross-sectional study.

Participants

The study conducted in five regions: the north, south, central, northeast and Bangkok area of Thailand from May to October 2021. An internet-based, self-administered questionnaire was developed based on the SEM. We enrolled 13 139 students who understood Thai and voluntarily consented to participate in the study. Hierarchical generalised estimating equations identified the related factors to e-cigarette use consistent with the SEM.

Results

Of 12 948 respondents (95.5%), 181 were excluded due to a lack of cigarette use status. Of 12 767, the prevalence of cigarette use was 4.3%, e-cigarette use was 3.5% and dual-use was 2.4%. E-cigarettes were a much more favourable choice among female youth than cigarettes. E-cigarette users tended to express more positive beliefs towards e-cigarettes than non-users. Although the use of e-cigarettes is illegal in Thailand, 66% of users obtained e-cigarettes from online markets and 4% from grocery stores. We found that having a girlfriend or boyfriend who uses e-cigarettes increased the odds of e-cigarette use by 3.239 times. Interestingly, higher odds of e-cigarette use were associated with peer use than with sibling use among e-cigarette users. (Adjusted OR 2.786, 95% CI 1.844 to 4.208 and 2.485, 95% CI 1.402 to 4.404, respectively). Exposure to e-cigarette use in school increased the odds of e-cigarette use by four times.

Conclusion

This institution-based cross-sectional study revealed that youth e-cigarette use is a significant problem. To prevent the increasing rate of e-cigarette use, health literacy about e-cigarette use, including media and information literacy, should be launched across all levels of the school environment to enlist youth to stand against the negative impacts of e-cigarette use among all those of school age.
Development of an interprofessional person-centred care concept for persons with care needs living in their own homes (interprofHOME): study protocol for a mixed-methods study
Authors: Tetzlaff Britta , Scherer Martin , Balzer Katrin , Steyer Linda , Köpke Sascha , Friede Tim , Maurer Indre , Weber Clarissa E , König Hans-Helmut , Konnopka A , Ruppel Thomas , Mazur Ana , Hummers Eva , Mueller Christiane A
Published: July 2023

Introduction

People receiving home care usually have complex healthcare needs requiring the involvement of informal caregivers and various health professionals. In this context, successful collaboration is an important element of person-centred care, which is often insufficiently implemented. Consequences might be found in avoidable hospitalisations. The aim of the study is to develop a care concept to improve person-centred interprofessional collaboration for people receiving home care considering the perspectives of all person groups involved.

Methods and analysis

This study uses a mixed-methods design consisting of a literature review, several qualitative inquiries, a cross-sectional quantitative study and a final structured workshop. After a literature review (work package (WP) 1), we will explore the perspectives of people receiving home care (n=20), their relatives (n=20) and representatives of statutory health insurances (n=5) in semistructured interviews (WP2). Moreover, 100 individuals of each group (people receiving home care, relatives, registered nurses, general practitioners and therapists) involved in home care will answer a survey on collaboration that will be analysed descriptively (WP3). Additionally, monoprofessional focus groups (n=9) of registered nurses, general practitioners and therapists, respectively, will discuss current practices. Data will be analysed by qualitative content analysis. Best practice cases (n=8) will be analysed by a case-based qualitative content analysis based on data of observations of home visits and interviews (WP4). The findings of WP2 will be discussed in mixed focus groups (n=4) with 10 participants each (WP5). Considering the results of joint displays of WP3, WP4 and WP5, the interprofessional care concept and its implementation will be elaborated in an expert workshop (WP6).

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval was obtained from all ethics committees of the project partners. Study results will be disseminated through publications, conference presentations, student education and advanced training of health professionals.

Trial registration number

NCT05149937.
Reproductive concerns among young adult women with breast cancer: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Hu Li , Xu Binbin , Chau Pui Hing , Choi Edmond Pui Hang
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Reproductive concerns refer to worries about impaired or lost reproductive ability due to disease or/and treatment. Many young female patients with breast cancer experience reproductive concerns because they still desire to have children at the time of diagnosis. Reproductive concerns can impact patients’ treatment decision-making as well as their psychological health and quality of life. Understanding the situation, contributing factors and health-related consequences of reproductive concerns among patients with breast cancer is essential to minimise their impacts.

Methods and analysis

A systematic review will be conducted. We will search five English databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science and APA PsycInfo) and four Chinese databases (Wang Fang database, VIP, CBM and CNKI) for pertinent studies. Other relevant studies will be identified from the reference lists of included studies. Two reviewers will independently perform study selection, data extraction and quality appraisal. Any discrepancies between the two reviewers will be resolved through consultation and discussion with the senior reviewer. A formal narrative synthesis will be performed to summarise the findings of individual studies. This review aims to improve understanding of the level of reproductive concerns, factors associated with reproductive concerns and health-related consequences of reproductive concerns among patients with breast cancer. The findings can contribute to the development of tailored interventions to alleviate reproductive concerns of patients with breast cancer, enhancing their psychological health and quality of life.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval is not required for this review, as it will be based on published studies. The findings will be disseminated by publishing in a journal.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42022375247.
Cohort analysis of child abuse and neglect cases treated during the initial 2 years of a programme to support hospital-based child protection work in Austria
Authors: Mora-Theuer Eva Anna , Klomfar Sophie , Ramazanova Dariga , Grylli Chryssa , Kletecka-Pulker Maria , Völkl-Kernstock Sabine , Otterman Gabriel , Simon Judit , Greber-Platzer Susanne
Published: July 2023

Objective

To describe characteristics of suspected child abuse and neglect (CAN) cases associated with the decision of paediatric departments (PDs) in Vienna, Austria, to involve services of a regional tertiary child protection service programme (Forensische Kinder- und JugendUntersuchungsStelle, FOKUS).

Design

Retrospective cohort analysis of a regional data collection of CAN cases over the first 2 years of FOKUS’s operational period (1 July 2015–30 June 2017).

Setting

All CAN cases reported to the PDs of six public hospitals in Vienna. Five of these public hospitals were secondary heath care centres and one was a tertiary healthcare centre.

Results

Overall, 231 cases (59.1%) were treated without and 160 (40.9%) with additional involvement of the FOKUS service programme. The odds of a case to be treated without FOKUS involvement were higher if neglect was suspected (OR 3.233, 95% CI 2.024 to 5.279). In contrast, when sexual abuse was suspected, the odds for involvement with FOKUS were significantly higher (OR 7.577, 95% CI 4.580 to 12.879). The odds of being managed with FOKUS services nearly doubled when multiple forms of abuse were suspected (OR 1.926, 95% CI 1.136 to 3.285). The odds for additional FOKUS involvement were significantly lower for patients treated as inpatients (OR 0.239, 95% CI 0.151 to 0.373). CAN patients managed with FOKUS involvement were significantly more often reported to law enforcement (LE) (OR 3.234, 95% CI 2.078 to 5.002). Concurrently, suspected sexual abuse cases and cases reported to LE were more frequently treated in the PD of the tertiary centre than in other PDs (χ2p<0.001).

Conclusion

CAN case characteristics significantly influenced if PDs involved a tertiary child protection programme. Suspected sexual abuse, if more than one form of CAN was suspected and cases reported to LE required additional specialist expertise. For suspected neglect involvement of tertiary services seemed less important.
Associations of oxidative balance score and visceral adiposity index with risk of ischaemic heart disease: a cross-sectional study of NHANES, 2005–2018
Authors: Cheng Siyuan , Han Yuchen , Jiang Lie , Lan Ziyin , Liao Huanyan , Guo Jun
Published: July 2023

Objective

Evidence on the association of oxidative balance score (OBS) and visceral adiposity index (VAI) with risk of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) is limited. We aimed to explore the association of OBS and VAI with risk of IHD, and then examined their potential interactive effects.

Design

A cross-sectional study.

Setting

The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Participants

A total of 27 867 individuals aged more than 20 years were included in this study.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to estimate ORs and 95% CIs for the associations of OBS and VAI with risk of IHD, including coronary heart disease (CHD), heart attack and angina pectoris.

Results

Compared with those in the first quintile, participants with highest quintile of OBS had decreased risk of IHD (OR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.50, 0.69), CHD (OR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.52, 0.80), heart attack (OR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.43, 0.66) and angina pectoris (OR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.48, 0.82); meanwhile, those with highest quintile of VAI had increased risk of IHD (OR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.22, 1.74), CHD (OR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.67), heart attack (OR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.24, 1.94) and angina pectoris (OR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.87). Furthermore, we observed a stronger association between OBS and risk of IHD among participants with VAI ≥1.73 (OR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.40, 0.62).

Conclusion

Our study found the negative association between OBS and risk of IHD, and positive association between VAI and risk of IHD. In addition, we found the interactive effects between VAI and OBS on the risk of IHD, underlining the importance of OBS in IHD prevention among participants with high VAI level.
Experience sampling methods for the personalised prediction of mental health problems in Spanish university students: protocol for a survey-based observational study within the PROMES-U project
Authors: Portillo-Van Diest Ana , Ballester Coma Laura , Mortier Philippe , Vilagut Gemma , Amigo Franco , Puértolas Gracia Beatriz , García-Mieres Helena , Alayo Itxaso , Blasco Maria Jesus , Carrasco Espi Paula , Falcó Raquel , Forteza-Rey Ines , Garcia-Pazo Patricia , Gili Margalida , Giménez-García Cristina , Machancoses Francisco H , Marzo Campos Juan Carlos , Navarra-Ventura Guillem , Piqueras Jose A , Rebagliato Marisa , Roca Miquel , Rodriguez Jiménez Tiscar , Roldan Lorenzo , Ruiz-Palomino Estefanía , Soto-Sanz Victoria , Alonso Jordi
Published: July 2023

Introduction

There is a high prevalence of mental health problems among university students. Better prediction and treatment access for this population is needed. In recent years, short-term dynamic factors, which can be assessed using experience sampling methods (ESM), have presented promising results for predicting mental health problems.

Methods and analysis

Undergraduate students from five public universities in Spain are recruited to participate in two web-based surveys (at baseline and at 12-month follow-up). A subgroup of baseline participants is recruited through quota sampling to participate in a 15-day ESM study. The baseline survey collects information regarding distal risk factors, while the ESM study collects short-term dynamic factors such as affect, company or environment. Risk factors will be identified at an individual and population level using logistic regressions and population attributable risk proportions, respectively. Machine learning techniques will be used to develop predictive models for mental health problems. Dynamic structural equation modelling and multilevel mixed-effects models will be considered to develop a series of explanatory models for the occurrence of mental health problems.

Ethics and dissemination

The project complies with national and international regulations, including the Declaration of Helsinki and the Code of Ethics, and has been approved by the IRB Parc de Salut Mar (2020/9198/I) and corresponding IRBs of all participating universities. All respondents are given information regarding access mental health services within their university and region. Individuals with positive responses on suicide items receive a specific alert with indications for consulting with a health professional. Participants are asked to provide informed consent separately for the web-based surveys and for the ESM study. Dissemination of results will include peer-reviewed scientific articles and participation in scientific congresses, reports with recommendations for universities’ mental health policy makers, as well as a well-balanced communication strategy to the general public.

Study registration

osf.io/p7csq.
What does social participation mean? A qualitative study exploring the concept of participation from the perspectives of experts and parents
Authors: Hoffmann Laura , Völlm Carina , Bernard Marie , Fink Astrid , Richter Matthias , Dawal Britta
Published: July 2023

Objectives

This study aimed to assess the theoretical framework regarding social participation from the perspectives of experts and parents of youth aged between 10 and 17 years, and therefore, provides new insights into the concept of social participation.

Design

A qualitative study was conducted to understand the construct of social participation in more detail. Eight focus groups were held with experts (n=21) and parents (n=24) and analysed based on content analysis.

Participants

We used purposive and snowball sampling to obtain a comprehensive sample of (A) parents of adolescents with and without chronic and/or physical-motor impairments and (B) experts involved in participatory research and/or treatment of adolescents with chronic and/or physical-motor impairments. The final sample consisted of 3 focus groups with a total of 21 experts and 5 focus groups with 24 parents. This included 10 parents who had disabled children.

Results

The concept of social participation consists of subjective and objective components. The focus from the experts’ perspective is clearly on the subjective level; that is, revolving around the question ‘Does the adolescent feel involved?’ In contrast, the parents’ focus is more on normative expectations. The possibility of participation in all areas of life through the adjustment of environmental factors was identified as a central factor.

Conclusions

The results underline the importance of the subjective feelings of adolescents, as well as the significance of normative requirements. To capture the subjective component of participation, suitable measurements are needed.

Trial registration number

DRKS00014739.
Effects of vitamins K2 and D3 supplementation in patients with severe coronary artery calcification: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Hasific Selma , Øvrehus Kristian A , Hosbond Susanne , Lambrechtsen Jess , Kumarathurai Preman , Mejldal Anna , Ravn Emil Johannes , Rasmussen Lars Melholt , Gerke Oke , Mickley Hans , Diederichsen Axel
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Coronary artery calcification (CAC) and especially progression in CAC is a strong predictor of acute myocardial infarction and cardiovascular mortality. Supplementation with vitamin K2 and D3 has been suggested to have a protective role in the progression of CAC. In this study, we will examine the effect of vitamins K2 and D3 in men and women with severe CAC. We hypothesise that supplementation with vitamins K2 and D3 will slow down the calcification process.

Method and analysis

In this multicentre and double-blinded placebo-controlled study, 400 men and women with CAC score≥400 are randomised (1:1) to treatment with vitamin K2 (720 µg/day) and vitamin D3 (25 µg/day) or placebo treatment (no active treatment) for 2 years. Among exclusion criteria are treatment with vitamin K antagonist, coagulation disorders and prior coronary artery disease. To evaluate progression in coronary plaque, a cardiac CT-scan is performed at baseline and repeated after 12 and 24 months of follow-up. Primary outcome is progression in CAC score from baseline to follow-up at 2 years. Among secondary outcomes are coronary plaque composition and cardiac events. Intention-to-treat principle is used for all analyses.

Ethics and dissemination

There are so far no reported adverse effects associated with the use of vitamin K2. The protocol was approved by the Regional Scientific Ethical Committee for Southern Denmark and the Data Protection Agency. It will be conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Positive as well as negative findings will be reported.

Trial registration number

NCT05500443.
Permanent, long-acting and short-acting reversible contraceptive methods use among women in Bangladesh: an analysis of Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2017–2018 data
Authors: Sharif Azaz Bin , Hasan Md Tamzid , Naziat Md. Habib , Zerin Tahmina , Kundu Satyajit
Published: July 2023

Objectives

This study aims to explore the factors associated with the permanent and long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) method use compared with short-acting reversible contraceptive (SARC) methods among Bangladeshi ever-married women aged 15−49 years.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

We used data from Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey (BDHS) 2017–2018.

Participants

A total of 9669 Bangladeshi reproductive-aged women who gave information on contraception use were the study participants. A multilevel multinomial logistic regression model was employed where the SARC method was considered as the base category and the cluster was considered as level-2 factor.

Results

Among the contraceptive users in Bangladeshi women, about 83.48% used the SARC method, while 11.34%, and 5.18% used permanent and LARC methods, respectively. Compared with SARC, women with no formal education and only primary education who were non-Muslims, and had parity of ≥3 had a higher likelihood of using both permanent and LARC methods. Women from the age group of 25–34 years (adjusted relative risk ratio (aRRR): 7.03, 95% CI: 4.17 to 11.85) and 35–49 years (aRRR: 12.53, 95% CI: 7.27 to 21.58) who were employed (aRRR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.00 to 1.40), had media access (aRRR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.49), gave birth in last 5 years (aRRR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.11 to 1.76), whose contraception decision solely made by their husband (aRRR: 7.03, 95% CI: 5.15 to 9.60) and having high decision-making power (aRRR: 2.12, 95% CI: 1.62 to 2.77) were more likely to use permanent contraceptive methods. We observed that women from households with richer (aRRR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.45 to 0.93) and richest (aRRR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.23 to 0.63) wealth quintiles were less likely to use LARC methods.

Conclusions

This study identified that women with no/less education, non-Muslims, and having parity of ≥3 were more likely to use both permanent and LARC methods than SARC methods. Targeted interventions could be developed and implemented to promote personalised contraceptive use.
SuPreme Study: a protocol to study the neuroprotective potential of sulfate among very/extremely preterm infants
Authors: Hurrion Elizabeth M , Badawi Nadia , Boyd Roslyn N , Morgan Catherine , Gibbons Kristen , Hennig Stefanie , Koorts Pieter , Chauhan Manbir , Bowling Francis , Flenady Vicki , Kumar Sailesh , Dawson Paul A
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Antenatal maternal magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) administration is a proven efficacious neuroprotective treatment reducing the risk of cerebral palsy (CP) among infants born preterm. Identification of the neuroprotective component with target plasma concentrations could lead to neonatal treatment with greater efficacy and accessibility.

Methods and analysis

This is a prospective observational cohort study, in three tertiary Australian centres. Participants are preterm infants, irrespective of antenatal MgSO4exposure, born in 2013–2020 at 24+0to 31+6weeks gestation, and followed up to 2 years corrected age (CA) (to September 2023). 1595 participants are required (allowing for 17% deaths/loss to follow-up) to detect a clinically significant reduction (30% relative risk reduction) in CP when sulfate concentration at 7 days of age is 1 SD above the mean.

A blood sample is collected on day 7 of age for plasma sulfate and magnesium measurement. In a subset of participants multiple blood and urine samples are collected for pharmacokinetic studies, between days 1–28, and in a further subset mother/infant blood is screened for genetic variants of sulfate transporter genes.

The primary outcome is CP. Surviving infants are assessed for high risk of CP at 12–14 weeks CA according to Prechtl’s Method to assess General Movements. Follow-up at 2 years CA includes assessments for CP, cognitive, language and motor development, and social/behavioural difficulties.

Multivariate analyses will examine the association between day 7 plasma sulfate/magnesium concentrations with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. A population pharmacokinetic model for sulfate in the preterm infant will be created using non-linear mixed-effects modelling.

Ethics and dissemination

The study has been approved by Mater Misericordiae Ltd Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC/14/MHS/188). Results will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journal publications, and provided to the funding bodies. Using consumer input, a summary will be prepared for participants and consumer groups.
Soluble CD163 and glycated haemoglobin were independently associated with the progression of diabetic retinopathy in adult patients with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Hector Sven , Thulesius Hans Olav , Landin-Olsson Mona , Hillman Magnus , Melin Eva Olga
Published: July 2023

Objective

High vitreous levels of soluble (s)CD163 have been demonstrated in severe diabetic retinopathy (DR). The aim of this study was to explore the predictive values of plasma sCD163 and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) for DR progression in adults with type 1 diabetes.

Methods and analyses

The study design was prospective. Fundus photography performed in 2009 and at follow-up (≤12 years later) were compared after being categorised according to the International Clinical Diabetic Retinopathy Disease Severity Scale. ‘DR progression at least one level’ was calculated. In 2009, data collection (sex, age, diabetes duration, metabolic variables, serum creatinine, macroalbuminuria and lifestyle factors) and biochemical analyses were performed. Plasma sCD163 and HbA1c were divided into quartiles. Logistic regression analyses were performed.

Results

The prevalence of DR in 2009 versus at follow-up in 270 participants (57% male) were: no apparent 28% vs 18%; mild 20% vs 13%; moderate 24% vs 26%; severe 11% vs 13%; and proliferative DR 17% vs 30% (p<0.001). DR progression occurred in 101 (45%) patients. HbA1c ≥54 mmol/mol (≥7.1%) (>1st quartile) (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 3.8, p<0.001) and sCD163 ≥343 ng/mL (>1st quartile) (AOR 2.6, p=0.004) were independently associated with DR progression. The associations with DR progression increased significantly from the first to the fourth quartile for HbA1c (AORs: 1; 2.5; 3.6; 7.4), but not for sCD163 (AORs: 1; 2.9; 2.4; 2.4).

Conclusion

Plasma sCD163 may constitute a valuable biomarker for DR progression in addition to and independent of the well-established biomarker HbA1c.
Provision of care for children with medical complexity in tertiary hospitals in England: qualitative interviews with health professionals
Authors: McLorie Emma Victoria , Fraser Lorna , Hackett Julia
Published: July 2023

Background

Due to medical and technological advancements, children with medical complexity are a growing population. Although previous research has identified models of care and experiences when caring for this population, the majority are the USA or Canadian based. Therefore, the aim was to identify models of care for children with medical complexity and barriers and facilitators to delivering high-quality care for this population from a ‘free at point of care’ national health service.

Method

Qualitative semistructured interviews were conducted with hospital clinicians across England and analysed using a thematic framework approach.

Results

Thirty-seven clinicians from 11 hospital sites were interviewed. In 6 of the hospital sites, there were 14 services identified. Majority of services had a variety of components, some shared and some unique to the individual service. Clinicians faced barriers and facilitators when caring for this population as demonstrated across five categories.

Conclusions

There is limited guidance and evidence on the most effective and efficient models for providing care for this population. It is not possible to determine what a service should look like as there is no consensus on the most appropriate model of care as shown in this study. Due to their complex needs, this population require coordination to ensure high standards of care. However, this was not always possible as clinicians faced barriers such as time constraints, silo thinking and a lack of available housing.
How frequent is routine use of probiotics in UK neonatal units?
Authors: Patel Neaha ,   NeoTRIPS Collaborative Group, Evans Katie , Berrington Janet , Szatkowski Lisa , Costeloe Kate , Ojha Shalini , Fleming Paul , Battersby Cheryl
Published: July 2023

Objective

There is a lack of UK guidance regarding routine use of probiotics in preterm infants to prevent necrotising enterocolitis, late-onset sepsis and death. As practices can vary, we aimed to determine the current usage of probiotics within neonatal units in the UK.

Design and setting

Using NeoTRIPS, a trainee-led neonatal research network, an online survey was disseminated to neonatal units of all service levels within England, Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales in 2022. Trainees were requested to complete one survey per unit regarding routine probiotic administration.

Results

161 of 188 (86%) neonatal units responded to the survey. 70 of 161 (44%) respondents routinely give probiotics to preterm infants. 45 of 70 (64%) use the probiotic productLactobacillus acidophilusNCFM/Bifidobacterium bifidumBb-06/B. infantisBi-26 (Labinic™). 57 of 70 (81%) start probiotics in infants ≤32 weeks’ gestation. 33 of 70 (47%) had microbiology departments that were aware of the use of probiotics and 64 of 70 (91%) had a guideline available. Commencing enteral feeds was a prerequisite to starting probiotics in 62 of 70 (89%) units. The majority would stop probiotics if enteral feeds were withheld (59 of 70; 84%) or if the infant was being treated for necrotising enterocolitis (69 of 70; 99%). 24 of 91 (26%) units that did not use probiotics at the time of the survey were planning to introduce them within the next 12 months.

Conclusions

More than 40% of all UK neonatal units that responded are now routinely administering probiotics, with variability in the product used. With increased probiotic usage in recent years, there is a need to establish whether this translates to improved clinical outcomes.
Microwave electrometry with bichromatic electromagnetically induced transparency in Rydberg atoms
Authors: Han Mingzhi , Hao He , Song Xiaoyun , Yin Zheng , Parniak Michal , Jia Zhengmao , Peng Yandong
Published: July 2023

A scheme for measuring microwave (MW) electric (E) fields is proposed based on bichromatic electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in Rydberg atoms. A bichromatic control field drives the excited state transition, whose absorption shows three EIT windows. When a MW field drives the Rydberg transition, the EIT windows split and six transmission peaks appear. It is interesting to find that the peak-to-peak distance of transmission spectrum is sensitive to the MW field strength, which can be used to measure MW E-field. Simulation results show that the spectral resolution could be increased by about 4 times, and the minimum detectable strength of the MW E-field may be improved by about 3 times compared with the common EIT scheme. After the Doppler averaging, the minimum detectable MW E-field strength is about 5 times larger than that without Doppler effect. Also, we investigate other effects on the sensitivity of the system.
Revival of oscillations via weighted average feedback
Authors: Shi Dongxin , Xiao Yuzhu , Song Xueli , Zhao Nannan
Published: July 2023

Experimental studies have shown that many natural and artificial systems need to maintain stable oscillations during application, but the occurrence of oscillation quenching phenomenon will destroy the oscillation activity of the system and hinder the normal operation of the system. In this paper, to solve the important problem of oscillation quenching leading to system paralysis, the weighted average function of oscillators is applied to each oscillator as an external feedback, which is an extension of the mean-field feedback [N. Zhao and Z. Sun, Int. J. Bifurcation Chaos 30, 2050094 (2020)]. Taking the Stuart–Landau oscillators with the identical and nonidentical frequencies as examples, respectively, we find that the weighted average feedback is better than the previously proposed mean-field feedback in eliminating oscillation quenching with different coupling scenarios. Especially, when the weight is 0 or 1, that is, when a single oscillator is used as the feedback, the weighted average feedback is highly efficient in reviving oscillation. Our results provide a more convenient method to overcome these quenching states of coupled systems, and broaden the practical applications with respect to revoking rhythmic oscillations via external feedback in nature and real life.
A tunable planar acoustic waveguide based on non-uniform period thermal fields
Authors: Zhou Xiao-Liang , Yang Shuai , Li Jin-Rong , Bian Zu-Guang , Shi Ying-Li
Published: July 2023

Elastic wave metamaterials, such as phononic crystals (PnCs) always composed of several materials in terms of periodical structures, possess unique acoustic characteristic which can exhibit outstanding performance in forbidding wave propagation with some specific frequencies. In this paper, due to the thermal sensitivity of the thermally induced shape memory polymers (SMP) and period thermal fields, a tunable planar acoustic metamaterial which is constituent homogeneous is proposed and designed to realize the function of waveguides. A thin plate model composed of homogenous thermally induced SMP and adhered with a series of metallic films at the top boundary which plays the role of local heating sources is established. The homogenous plate can be transferred into acoustic metamaterial once the non-uniform period thermal fields are imported. Based on the Fourier law of heat conduction and finite element method (FEM), a two-dimensional numerical model via COMSOL Multiphysics is carried out to perform the in-plane mode band structures and transmission spectra. The results show that the bandgap will be effectively opened and change obviously as the injected heat flux increases. Furthermore, band structures of [Formula: see text] supercell with thermal defect are performed to reveal the design guideline of waveguides which is supposed to be the basis of line-type and L-type waveguides. The tunable characteristics of waveguides based on thermal fields with thermal defects are also discussed. These results may pave a new avenue for the design of tunable acoustic metamaterial composed of thermal sensitive material which own a prospect to be applied in area of acoustic waveguides.
Empirical record, geochronology and theoretical determinates of Mesozoic climate in the Junggar Basin, NW China, in relation to other basins in NE China
Authors: Olsen Paul E. , Sha Jingeng , Fang Yanan , Chang Clara , Kent Dennis V. , Vajda Vivi , Whiteside Jessica H. , Kinney Sean T. , Lampert Alissa , MacLennan Scott A.
Published: July 2023

Mesozoic continental basins of northern China, including the Junggar Basin, provide some of the most spectacular and important fossil assemblages in the world, but their climatic and environmental contexts have been shrouded in uncertainty. Here we examine the main factors that determine those contexts: palaeolatitude; the effects of changing atmospheric gases on the radiative balance; and orbitally paced variations in insolation. Empirical evidence of these factors is accumulating rapidly and promises to upend many long-standing paradigms. We focus primarily on the Junggar Basin in Xinjiang, NW China, with the renowned Shishugou Biota, and the basins in Liaoning, Hebei and Inner Mongolia with their famous Jehol and Yanliao biotas. Accurate geochronology is necessary to disentangle these various factors, and we review the Late Triassic to Early Cretaceous U–Pb ages for these areas and supply a new laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry age for the otherwise un-dated Sangonghe Formation of Early Jurassic age. We review climate-sensitive facies patterns in North China and show that the climatic context changed synchronously in northwestern and northeastern China consistent with a previously proposed huge Late Jurassic–earliest Cretaceous true polar wander event, with all the major plates of East Asia docked with Siberia and moving together since at least the Triassic when the North China basins were at Arctic latitudes. We conclude that this true polar wander shift was responsible for the coal beds and ice-rafted debris being produced at high latitudes and the red beds and aeolian strata being deposited at low latitudes within the same basin. The climatic and taphonomic context in which the famous Shishugou, Yanliao and Jehol biotas were preserved was thus a function of true polar wander, as opposed to local tectonics or climate change.