bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Fully Implicit, Parallel, Compositional Chemical Flooding Simulator
Authors: Han C. , Delshad M. , Sepehrnoori K. , Pope G. A.
Published: September 2007

A fully implicit, parallel, compositional reservoir simulator has been developed that includes both a cubic equation of state model for the hydrocarbon phase behavior and Hand's rule for the surfactant/oil/brine phase behavior. The aqueous species in the chemical model include surfactant, polymer, and salt. The physical property models include surfactant/oil/brine phase behavior, interfacial tension, viscosity, adsorption, and relative permeability as a function of trapping number. The fully implicit simulation results were validated by comparison with results from our IMPEC chemical flooding simulator (UTCHEM). The results indicate that the simulator scales well using clusters of workstations. Also, simulation results from parallel runs are identical to those using a single processor. Field-scale surfactant/polymer flood simulations were successfully performed with over 1,000,000 gridblocks using multiple processors.
Control-Volume Model for Simulation of Water Injection in Fractured Media: Incorporating Matrix Heterogeneity and Reservoir Wettability Effects
Authors: Monteagudo J. E. P. , Firoozabadi A.
Published: September 2007

The control-volume discrete-fracture (CVDF) model is extended to incorporate heterogeneity in rock and in rock-fluid properties. A novel algorithm is proposed to model strong water-wetting with zero capillary pressure in the fractures. The extended method is used to simulate: (1) oil production in a layered faulted reservoir, (2) laboratory displacement tests in a stack of matrix blocks with a large contrast in fracture and matrix capillary pressure functions, and (3) water injection in 2D and 3D fractured media with mixed-wettability state. Our results show that the algorithm is suitable for the simulation of water injection in heterogeneous porous media both in water-wet and mixed-wettability states. The novel approach with zero fracture capillary and nonzero matrix capillary pressure allows the proper prediction of sharp fronts in the fractures.
Patient Care: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Twycross Robert
Published: September 2007

The 40 years since St Christopher's Hospice opened has witnessed a burgeoning international interest in palliative care. Its key characteristics comprise a focus on the whole-person (physical, psychological, social, and spiritual), patient-centeredness (partnership with and empowerment of the patient and family), openness and honesty in communication, an acceptance of the inevitability of death coupled with improvement in the quality of life, multi-professional teamwork integrated with community (volunteer) involvement. Although much has been achieved, much remains to be done. Both in resource-poor countries and in more wealthy ones, the scope of palliative care has changed. Initially in the United Kingdom, palliative care was mostly limited to cancer patients but now strenuous efforts are being made to extend coverage to other patient groups, e.g., those with end-stage heart disease or renal failure. In India, with a dearth of chronic care facilities, palliative care services increasingly embrace those with chronic disability as well as progressive end-stage disease. In Sub-Saharan Africa, the devastating impact of AIDS is having a major impact on the development and delivery of palliative care. To maximize the benefits of limited financial and other resources, a strategic approach is necessary. The World Health Organization emphasizes three essential foundation measures: health service policy, public awareness and professional education, and drug availability. However, at the end of the day, if we are truly to honor Cicely Saunders, palliative care must remain a movement with momentum, combining creative charisma with inevitable bureaucratic routinization.
Spreading the Word … Hospice Information Systems
Authors: Jackson Avril , Hodson Melanie , Brady Denise , Pahl Nick
Published: September 2007

The rapid spread of Saunders' thinking across the world has been facilitated by the Hospice Information service and library at St Christopher's Hospice which she helped to create and further enhanced by Help the Hospices. We have set this article in the context of the Web and other information systems as they are developing today. “Connecting people” and “collecting people's experiences” were terms often used by Cicely Saunders when she described the work of Hospice Information, a service that has in some measure contributed to the rapid spread of her thinking across the world and which is currently in close contact with palliative care workers in over 120 countries. Connecting—or networking—putting people and organizations in touch with each other for mutual benefit and collecting and disseminating people's experiences are central to our work as a U.K. and international resource on hospice and palliative care for professionals and the public. Add to these the crucial role of information provision and advocacy for patients, carers, and health professionals alike and we hope that you may begin to appreciate how our respective organizations have contributed to the spread of Cicely Saunders' vision.
St Christopher's and the Future
Authors: Monroe Barbara , Hansford Penny , Payne Malcolm , Sykes Nigel
Published: September 2007

The founding vision of St Christopher's Hospice was based on a recognition that permeating mainstream health care services would be essential and an emphasis on an adaptable philosophy rather than a building. Today, demographic and disease related changes mean that need and demand for end-of-life care will inevitably outstrip professional and financial resource. Hospices must engage with the development of cost-effective models of service delivery and rational planning. Only partnership working with the National Health Service, care homes, and others will ensure that appropriate care is available to everyone wherever the bed in which they die, regardless of diagnosis. Only collaboration and active engagement will ensure that future strategy in end-of-life care retains the original insight that its focus rightly includes not only patients but also the social context that will be affected by their death. Cost and patient choice dictate an emphasis on care at home. Health-promoting, public education and family-focused strategies will be essential. At a pivotal moment for the delivery of health care generally, hospices can play a vital part by marrying the role of “insistent conscience” of the health care service with continued cost-effective clinical innovation.
Palliative Medicine in Britain
Authors: Doyle Derek
Published: September 2007

In Britain, Palliative Medicine was recognized as a subspecialty of Internal Medicine exactly 20 years after Cicely Saunders founded St Christopher's, at exactly the same time that government was at last recognizing the worth and the needs of general practice. Both had far-reaching effects and implications for patients, doctors, and the future of medicine. For Palliative Medicine it meant units wishing to train specialists going through a rigorous selection process; the development of an equally rigorous training program for the doctors who had already gained a higher qualification before starting Palliative Medicine, demonstrating the need for and benefits of palliative medicine to the sceptics in the profession and, now, continuing to recruit the staff for the steadily increasing number of new services. Today there are more Palliative Medicine consultants/specialists than there are oncologists and neurologists combined, with Hospital Palliative Care Teams in every major hospital and cancer center. With nine Chairs in Palliative Medicine, there is now a drive for research and professional education. The specialty faces major challenges, however, ranging from training to care for patients with non-malignant disease to enabling patients to die in the place of their choice—something that rarely happens today; from defining what is distinctive or unique about palliative medicine to clarifying the respective place of general practice and the specialty. Most would agree that the biggest challenge for the young, thriving specialty is how to share its principles with other doctors wherever they work.
End-of-Life Care around the World: Achievements to Date and Challenges Remaining
Authors: Clark David
Published: September 2007

From the moment her interest in terminal care was awakened, Cicely Saunders was alert to the international dimensions of the subject. Her first patient in the late 1940s was an émigré Polish Jew dying alone and in isolation in a busy London hospital. Her letters from the 1950s onwards show an unquenchable thirst for new knowledge and a span of contacts and communications that was global in its reach. By the early 1960s, she was making fact-finding visits to the United States and Europe. Even before it opened to patients, St Christopher's Hospice was a beacon of inspiration to like-minded colleagues from many countries, eager to see how the model of practice was being operationalized and—more important still—how it could be adapted and modified in other settings. In the later years of her life, Cicely Saunders remained in contact with colleagues all over the world. She wrote introductions to numerous textbooks and collections; recorded interviews that were broadcast at international conferences; harnessed her name and energies to major efforts to promote palliative care globally; and, to the very end, served as a source of inspiration to palliative care activists, policy makers, educators, and researchers. As this special issue of the journal demonstrates so eloquently, that legacy lives on.
Use of Virtual Reality to Improve Upper-Extremity Control in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Single-Subject Design
Authors: Chen Yu-Ping , Kang Lin-Ju , Chuang Tien-Yow , Doong Ji-Liang , Lee Shwn-Jan , Tsai Mei-Wun , Jeng Suh-Fang , Sung Wen-Hsu
Published: September 2007

Background and Purpose

Virtual reality (VR) creates an exercise environment in which the intensity of practice and positive feedback can be systematically manipulated in various contexts. The purpose of this study was to investigate the training effects of a VR intervention on reaching behaviors in children with cerebral palsy (CP).

Participants

Four children with spastic CP were recruited.

Method

A single-subject design (A-B with follow-up) was used. All children were evaluated with 3 baseline, 4 intervention, and 2 follow-up measures. A 4-week individualized VR training program (2 hours per week) with 2 VR systems was applied to all children. The outcome measures included 4 kinematic parameters (movement time, path length, peak velocity, and number of movement units) for mail-delivery activities in 3 directions (neutral, outward, and inward) and the Fine Motor Domain of the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales–Second Edition (PDMS-2). Visual inspection and the 2-standard-deviation–band method were used to compare the outcome measures.

Results

Three children who had normal cognition showed improvements in some aspects of reaching kinematics, and 2 children’s change scores on the PDMS-2 reached the minimal detectable change during the intervention. The improvements in kinematics were partially maintained during follow-up.

Discussion and Conclusion

A 4-week individualized VR training program appeared to improve the quality of reaching in children with CP, especially in children with normal cognition and good cooperation. The training effects were retained in some children after the intervention.
High‐molecular‐weight polyurethanes prepared by one‐step miniemulsion polymerization
Authors: Li Chien‐Yu , Li Yuan‐Hau , Hsieh Kuo‐Huang , Chiu Wen‐Yen
Published: September 2007

Through one‐step miniemulsion polymerization, hydrophobic polyurethane (PU) dispersions were prepared, with hexadecane (HD) as costabilizer in the oil phase and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as surfactant in the water phase. The oil phase, including isophorone diisocyanate, poly(oxytetramethylene) glycol, a costabilizer HD, a chain extender 1,4‐butanediol, a crosslinking agent trimethylol propane, and a catalyst dibutyltin dilaurate (SnDBL), was dispersed in the water phase containing SDS. The influences of experimental parameters, such as SnDBL, NCO/OH equivalents, and concentrations of surfactant, were discussed. The particle size and the molecular weight of PU polymer were measured by light scattering and gel permeation chromatography, respectively. With the addition of SnDBL and higher NCO/OH ratio, PU films with higher molecular weights were produced. The chemical structure of the PU polymer was identified by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, and the adsorption of urethane group was observed. Thermal gravimetric analysis was used to characterize the thermal stability of PU. Furthermore, mechanical property was also investigated and characterized by tensile strength and elongation at break. With a higher NCO/OH ratio and the existence of SnDBL, the tensile strength of PU films was significantly increased. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008
Synthesis and thermal behavior of some anthracene‐based copolymers obtained by Diels–Alder cycloaddition reactions
Authors: Grigoras M. , Sava M. , Colotin G. , Simionescu C. I.
Published: September 2007

New polymer structures have been synthesized via Diels–Alder cycloaddition of bisdiene compounds bearing two anthracene groups and different bisdienophiles, all containing bismaleimide or biscitraconimide functions. The monomers and polymers were characterized by FTIR, UV, and 1H NMR techniques and compared with two models having a cycloadduct structure. The polymers were studied by thermogravimetric analyses. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008
When do researchers collaborate? Toward a model of collaboration propensity
Authors: Birnholtz Jeremy P.
Published: September 2007

This exploratory study compares two approaches to understanding the “collaboration propensity” of individual researchers. On the one hand, social comparisons of disciplines would suggest that collaboration is a function of orientation toward individual versus collective responsibility for discovery. A contrasting approach would hold that collaboration depends on the work researchers are engaged in—when it is useful to collaborate, they will do so regardless of the social climate. Results presented here suggest that this latter approach is potentially more powerful but that there are complexities in measurement and operationalization that urge a more nuanced treatment of collaboration propensity.
Trends in mesospheric turbulence at 70°N
Authors: Hall C. M. , Brekke A. , Manson A. H. , Meek C. E. , Nozawa S.
Published: September 2007

We have examined the temporal development of an established proxy for turbulent intensity for the mesosphere/lower thermosphere region above Tromsø (70°N, 19°E) for the period 1999 to present. We find an indication of steadily increasing turbulence in the upper mesosphere and the lower thermosphere and decreasing turbulence in the mid‐mesosphere, the height of the demarcation between positive and negative trends varying somewhat with season. Although beyond the scope of this study, anthropological sources, causing lower atmosphere warming and upper atmosphere cooling, are strong candidates for the underlying cause of the trend. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
A doubly resonant cavity for detection of RF demodulation by living cells
Authors: Balzano Quirino , Hodzic Vildana , Gammon Robert W. , Davis Christopher C.
Published: September 2007

We describe the design, construction, and operating characteristics of a doubly resonant cylindrical microwave cavity. This cavity has been developed to allow a search for nonlinear RF energy conversion in biological cells. Cells with a diode‐like nonlinearity could demodulate a modulated RF carrier wave and generate low frequency signals in an exposed biological preparation. The cavity is designed to be resonant on the TE111 mode at about 890 MHz and on the TE113 mode at about 1780 MHz. The cavity performs exactly as designed and has proved capable of detecting the nonlinearity in a microscopic Schottky diode test structure. The sensitivity is sufficient to detect any nonlinearity in a collection of biological cells that could have any potential biological significance. Bioelectromagnetics 29:81–91, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Elder research: filling an important gap in psychology and law
Authors: Brank Eve M.
Published: September 2007

In the past few decades, psychology–law as a discipline has made great strides in understanding and guiding public policies on issues related to eyewitnesses, confessions, juries, judges, juveniles, the mentally ill, and many others. As a field, we have largely neglected the oldest subset of the population, with only a few scholars focusing specifically on elder issues or systematically including elders in their studies. The current article is a call to research. It first outlines why elders should be considered as a specific subset of the population even though they have not been an area of focus in the field. Second, the article provides suggestions for integrating elder issues into more common psychology–law research as well as some new areas for research. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
P38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathways are involved in the hypertrophy and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis conditioned medium
Authors: Wu Hsi‐Chin , Yeh Yu‐Lan , Kuo Wei‐Wen , Huang Shu‐Kuei , Kuo Wu‐Hsien , Hsieh Dennis Jine‐Yuan , Wu Ching‐Lin , Tsai Chang‐Hai , Lee Shin‐Da , Huang Chih‐Yang
Published: September 2007

The surrounding medium of periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) increased cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and apoptosis whereas Actinobaeillus actinomycetemcomitans and Prevotella intermedia had no effects. The purpose of this study is to clarify the role of p38 pathway in P. gingivalis conditioned medium‐induced H9c2 myocardial cell hypertrophy and apoptosis. DNA fragmentation, cellular morphology, nuclear condensation, p38 protein products, and mitochondrial‐dependent apoptotic related proteins in cultured H9c2 myocardial cell were measured by agarose gel electrophoresis, immunofluorescence, DAPI, and western blotting following P. gingivalis conditioned medium and/or pre‐administration of SB203580 (p38 inhibitor). The p38 protein products and associated activities in H9c2 cells were both upregulated by P. gingivalis conditioned medium. P. gingivalis conditioned medium increased cellular sizes, DNA fragmentation, nuclear condensation, mitochondrial Bcl2‐associated death promoter (Bad), cytosolic cytochrome c (cyt c), and the activated form of caspase‐9 proteins in H9c2 cells. The increased cellular sizes, DNA fragmentation, nuclear condensation, Bad, cyt c, and caspase‐9 activities of H9c2 cells treated with P. gingivalis conditioned medium were all significantly reduced after pre‐administration of SB203580. Our findings suggest that the activity of p38 signal pathway may be initiated by P. gingivalis conditioned medium and further activate mitochondrial‐dependent apoptotic pathways leading to cell death in cultured H9c2 myocardial cells. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An exploration of research into substance misuse and psychiatric disorder in the UK: what can we learn from history?
Authors: Crome Ilana B.
Published: September 2007

Background and aim This review explores UK‐based research developments in substance misuse and mental illness over the last 25 years. The main body of work comprises policy‐orientated projects funded by the Department of Health from the late 1990s. Early research tended to focus on alcohol, especially alcoholic hallucinosis: the relationship of the latter with schizophrenia‐like illness was examined, with the finding that very few cases did develop into schizophrenia.

Method and implications Parallels are drawn with the current debate around the link between cannabis and psychosis, urging caution in too rapid an assertion that cannabis is necessarily ‘causal’. The clinical and policy implications of the misinterpretation of evidence are discussed. A proposal is put forward that the genesis of psychotic illness in alcohol misuse be revisited using more sophisticated research methodologies. Given the changing landscape of substance use in the UK, particularly the fashion of polysubstance use and the recognition that this is associated with psychotic illness, other drugs that are associated with psychotic illness should be similarly investigated to determine whether there is a common mechanism that might throw light on understanding the relationship between substance use and psychotic illness or schizophrenia. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Think about it till it hurts: targeting intensive services to facilitate behaviour change – two examples from the field of substance misuse
Authors: Emlyn‐Jones Rhoda
Published: September 2007

Background In traditional services for people in crisis there is an expectation that those people will come forward and seek help. At a time of crisis this may not be a reasonable expectation.

Method Two proactive and engaging programmes have been developed for substance users in crisis. ‘Option 2’ is for families at risk of having their children removed. ‘STIR’ is for people leaving prison. In both cases, a brief but intensive person‐focused intervention is offered during the critical period. While both interventions may incorporate standard clinical elements, the distinctive feature they have in common is that workers go to the prospective client and encourage him or her to shape the solution in terms of both defining the immediate practical support they need and beginning to set longer term goals.

Results In‐service evaluations suggest that these services are valued by the clientele, produce measurable change in function for the majority and are likely to save public money.

Conclusions Formal research evidence of effectiveness and efficiency might be accomplished by comparing outcomes for similar clients in areas with and without these service options. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self‐Assembly of a Double Calix[6]arene Pseudorotaxane in Oriented Channels
Authors: Arduini Arturo , Credi Alberto , Faimani Giovanni , Massera Chiara , Pochini Andrea , Secchi Andrea , Semeraro Monica , Silvi Serena , Ugozzoli Franco
Published: September 2007

A synthetic study to disclose the more appropriate manner by which two calix[6]arene units could be connected for the construction of an extended tubular structure was undertaken. As a result, a head‐to‐tail double calix[6]arene having the structure of an oriented nanotube that is about 2.6 nm long and 1.6 nm wide was prepared and characterized. This molecule is able to act as a wheel‐type host and forms a supramolecular complex with an axle‐type molecule, derived from 4,4′‐bipyridinium (viologen), through very efficient self‐assembly in solution. The properties of such a pseudorotaxane‐type complex, which is stabilized by a combination of noncovalent interactions, were investigated in solution by UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy and voltammetric methods. These observations provide a clue about the location of the bipyridinium unit along the nanotube. In the solid state, the complex undergoes a further stage of self‐assembly, thereby initiating extended oriented tubular structures. Crystallographic studies revealed that the positioning of the viologen dication in this asymmetric wheel is addressed by a complicated pattern of cooperative noncovalent intermolecular interactions that involve only one half of the host, whereas the remaining (more polar) half of the host is exploited to create long‐range structural order that leads to a “secondary” structure of extended supramolecular channels that, in turn, self‐assemble in the lattice, thus giving rise to a “tertiary” structure of parallel sandwiches of nanotubes.
A Photoelectron Spectroscopic and Computational Study of Sodium Auride Clusters, NanAun‐ (n = 1—3).
Authors: Cui Li‐Feng , Lin Ying‐Chan , Sundholm Dage , Wang Lai‐Sheng
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Oxygen Nonstoichiometry and Ionic Conductivity of Sr3Fe2‐xScxO7‐δ.
Authors: Markov Alexey A. , Patrakeev Mikhail V. , Kharton Vladislav V. , Pivak Yevheniy V. , Leonidov Ilia A. , Kozhevnikov Viktor L.
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Water Electrolysis under a Magnetic Field.
Authors: Iida Takami , Matsushima Hisayoshi , Fukunaka Yasuhiro
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Effective Suppression of Hydrogen Poisoning from a Ru‐Based Catalyst in a Ag—Pd Membrane Reactor.
Authors: Saito Makoto , Itoh Masahiro , Iwamoto Jun , Machida Ken‐ichi
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Highly Ordered Mesoporous Crystalline WS2 and MoS2 via a High‐Temperature Reductive Sulfuration Route.
Authors: Shi Yifeng , Wan Ying , Liu Ruili , Tu Bo , Zhao Dongyuan
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
AgOAc Catalyzed Asymmetric [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylides with Chiral Ferrocene Derived P,S Ligands.
Authors: Zeng Wei , Zhou Yong‐Gui
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Intramolecular Nitrilimine Cycloadditions to the Thiophene and the Furan Rings.
Authors: Molteni Giorgio , Mondini Sara , Ponti Alessandro
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Neutral π‐Nucleophile‐Catalyzed Cyanation of Aldehydes and Ketones.
Authors: Wang Xiu , Tian Shi‐Kai
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Novel Naphthylmethyleneimino‐Type Photocleavable Protecting Group for Primary Amines.
Authors: Igarashi Tetsutaro , Shimokawa Masaru , Iwasaki Miyuki , Nagata Kensaku , Fujii Masato , Sakurai Tadamitsu
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Asymmetric Amine‐Intercepted Nazarov Cyclization.
Authors: Dhoro Francis , Kristensen Tor E. , Stockmann Vegar , Yap Glenn P. A. , Tius Marcus A.
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Kinetic Resolution of 5‐Substituted Cycloalkenones by Peptidic Amidophosphane‐Copper‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of Dialkylzinc.
Authors: Soeta Takahiro , Selim Khalid , Kuriyama Masami , Tomioka Kiyoshi
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Asymmetric Conjugate Additions of α‐Substituted‐α‐cyanoacetates to Acetylenic Ketones by Chiral Phase Transfer Catalysis.
Authors: Lan Quan , Wang Xisheng , Maruoka Keiji
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A General and Efficient Method for the Selective Synthesis of β‐Hydroxy Sulfides and β‐Hydroxy Sulfoxides Catalyzed by Gallium(III) Triflate.
Authors: Su Weike , Chen Jiuxi , Wu Huayue , Jin Can
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Thioamidoalkylation of 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds, Enol Silyl Ethers, and Enamines.
Authors: Katritzky Alan R. , Celik Ilhami , Abdel‐Fattah Ashraf A. A.
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Chemoselectivity and Enantioselectivity in Copper‐Catalyzed Oxidation of Aryl Benzyl Sulfides.
Authors: Kelly Padraig , Lawrence Simon E. , Maguire Anita R.
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Rhodium(I)‐Catalyzed Demethylation—Cyclization of o‐Anisole‐Substituted Ynamides in the Synthesis of Chiral 2‐Amido Benzofurans.
Authors: Oppenheimer Jossian , Johnson Whitney L. , Tracey Michael R. , Hsung Richard P. , Yao Pei‐Yuan , Liu Renhe , Zhao Kang
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Some Biologically Important Hydrazono and Azomethine Compounds.
Authors: Jain Rajeev , Bhadauria Akhilesh
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Functionalized Hydantoin Derivatives via a Four‐Component Reaction Between an Amine, an Arylsulfonyl Isocyanate and an Alkyl Propiolate or Dialkyl Acetylenedicarboxylate in the Presence of Triphenylphosphine.
Authors: Alizadeh Abdolali , Sheikhi Ehsan
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Domino Inverse Electron Demand Diels—Alder Reactions of Chromones with Ethyl Vinyl Ether.
Authors: Heredia‐Moya Jorge , Krohn Karsten , Floerke Ulrich , Pessoa‐Mahana Hernan , Weiss‐Lopez Boris , Estevez‐Braun Ana , Araya‐Maturana Ramiro
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthetic Methods for Preparing 1,3‐Di(2‐pyridyl)azulene.
Authors: Oda Mitsunori , Kishi Sayaka , Nguyen Chung Thanh , Kuroda Shigeyasu
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Microwave‐Accelerated Solvent‐ and Catalyst‐Free Synthesis of 4‐Aminoaryl/alkyl‐7‐chloroquinolines and 2‐Aminoaryl/alkylbenzothiazoles.
Authors: Motiwala Hashim F. , Kumar Raj , Chakraborti Asit K.
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Magnesium Perchlorate: An Efficient Catalyst for One‐Pot Synthesis of Pyrano‐ and Furanoquinolines.
Authors: Kamble Vinod T. , Ekhe Vijaymala R. , Joshi Neeta S. , Biradar Ankush V.
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Organoiodine(III) Mediated Synthesis of 3,9‐Diaryl‐ and 3,9‐Difuryl‐bis‐1,2,4‐triazolo[4,3‐a][4,3‐c]pyrimidines as Antibacterial Agents.
Authors: Prakash Om , Kumar Rajesh , Kumar Ravi , Tyagi Prikshit , Kuhad R. C.
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Heterocyclizations of Functionalized Heterocumulenes with C,N‐, C,O‐, and C,S‐Binucleophiles. Part 7. Reaction of 1‐Chloroalkyl Isocyanates with N,N‐Disubstituted Cyanothioacetamides. A New Synthetic Route to 6‐Dialkylamino‐4‐oxo‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐1,3‐thiazine‐5‐carbonitriles.
Authors: Sukach V. A. , Chubaruk N. G. , Vovk M. V.
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Copper(II) Acetate Mediated Reactions of Methylenecyclopropane and Diphenyl Diselenide.
Authors: Yu Lei , Huang Xian
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Biological Activities of 6‐Aryl‐3‐(D‐glucoheptonic‐hexitol‐1‐yl)‐7H‐1,2,4‐triazolo[3,4‐b] [1,3,4]thiadiazines.
Authors: Ye Xiaoxia , Chen Zhenfei , Zhang Anjiang , Zhang Lixue
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of the Arctic Sponge Alkaloid Viscosaline (I) and the Marine Sponge Alkaloid Theonelladin C (II).
Authors: Shorey Benjamin J. , Lee Victor , Baldwin Jack E.
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Concise, Biomimetic Total Synthesis of d,l‐Marcfortine C.
Authors: Greshock Thomas J. , Grubbs Alan W. , Williams Robert M.
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Revised Structure of Palau′amine.
Authors: Buchanan Malcolm S. , Carroll Anthony R. , Quinn Ronald J.
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Structure of Fluoroindole Nucleosides.
Authors: Bozilovic Jelena , Bats Jan W. , Engels Joachim W.
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Total Synthesis of (+)‐Azaspiracid‐1. Part 1. Synthesis of the Fully Elaborated ABCD Aldehyde.
Authors: Evans David A. , Kvaernoe Lisbet , Mulder Jason A. , Raymer Brian , Dunn Travis B. , Beauchemin Andre , Olhava Edward J. , Juhl Martin , Kagechika Katsuji
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Bioactivities of Pyrazolyl or Pyridinyl Substituted Tonghaosu Analogues.
Authors: Yin Biao‐Lin , Chen Li , Xu Han‐Hong , Zhang Jian‐Cun , Wu Yu‐Lin
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Single‐Crystalline and Near‐Monodispersed NaMF3 (M: Mn, Co, Ni, Mg) and LiMAlF6 (M: Ca, Sr) Nanocrystals from Cothermolysis of Multiple Trifluoroacetates in Solution.
Authors: Du Ya‐Ping , Zhang Ya‐Wen , Yan Zheng‐Guang , Sun Ling‐Dong , Gao Song , Yan Chun‐Hua
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Aqueous‐Phase Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones — A Greener Approach to Chiral Alcohols
Authors: Wu Xiaofeng , Xiao Jianliang
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Stereoselective Carbonyl Allylation by Umpolung of Allylpalladium(II) Complexes
Authors: Zanoni Giuseppe , Pontiroli Alessandro , Marchetti Alberto , Vidari Giovanni
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Highly Diastereoselective Anodic Fluorination
Authors: Fuchigami Toshio , Tajima Toshiki
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ionic Liquids as a Medium for Enantioselective Catalysis
Authors: Durand Jerome , Teuma Emmanuelle , Gomez Montserrat
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Homogeneous Gold Catalysis: The Role of Protons
Authors: Hashmi A. Stephen K.
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Catalyzed Reductions in Aqueous Media
Authors: Rajan Babu T. V. , Shin Seunghoon
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Pericyclic Reactions in Aqueous Media
Authors: Fringuelli Francesco , Piermatti Oriana , Pizzo Ferdinando , Vaccaro Luigi
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Set Up of a Modern Analytical Laboratory for Wastewaters from Pulp and Paper Industry
Authors: Maximova Natalia , Dahl Olli
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Solvation in Pure and Mixed Solvents: Some Recent Developments
Authors: El Seoud Omar A.
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Effect of timing of metastasis/disease recurrence and histologic differentiation on survival of patients with advanced gastric cancer
Authors: Patel Pooja R. , Yao James C. , Hess Kenneth , Schnirer Isac , Rashid Asif , Ajani Jaffer A.
Published: September 2007

BACKGROUND.

Patients with advanced gastric cancer have a median survival (MS) of <9 months. It is unclear whether the MS of patients who have advanced cancer at the time of diagnosis (synchronous, Group A) is different from that for patients who develop advanced cancer after curative surgery (metachronous, Group B). It was hypothesized that survival would be similar.

METHODS.

The medical records of all patients treated at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center who were in either Group A or Group B were reviewed. Survival of patients was assessed by the Kaplan‐Meier method. A Cox proportional hazards model was used for multivariate hazards ratios that were adjusted for the effects of location of recurrence, histologic differentiation, patient sex and age, the location of the primary tumor, and timing of disease recurrence (Group A or Group B) on survival.

RESULTS.

In all, 773 consecutive patients qualified for the analysis. The distribution of age, race, histologic differentiation, and primary tumor location was similar in both groups. The MS of Group A (n = 603 patients) and Group B (n = 170 patients) was the same (7.6 months). Similarly, the location of the primary tumor and patient sex were found to have no impact on survival. Patients with poorly differentiated tumors (World Health Organization grade 3 or 4) were found to have a shorter survival compared with those with well‐differentiated or moderately differentiated tumors (grade 1 or 2; P = .004). Patients with distant metastases had a shorter survival (P = .01) than those with locoregional disease recurrence.

CONCLUSIONS.

The data show that MS is similarly poor in patients with advanced gastric cancer with synchronous metastasis (Group A) or those with metachronous metastasis/disease recurrence (Group B). Poor differentiation and anatomically distant site of metastasis were found to impact MS adversely. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Automated scoring of multiprobe FISH in human spermatozoa
Authors: Perry Melissa J. , Chen Xing , Lu Xin
Published: September 2007

In the case of chromosomal aneuploidy in sperm wherein the incident rate is low and a large number of cells require scoring, automated methods that rely on computer software to segment and to count fluorescence signals are particularly necessary due to countless hours spent in reading slides and to the potential for interoperator differences. The purpose of this pilot experiment was to determine whether there were significant differences in the estimates of disomy frequency produced by automated versus manual scoring of signals for chromosome X, Y, and 18 in human sperm. The frequency of X18, Y18, XX18, YY18, and XY18 were determined in four separate normozoospermic samples. Slides were hybridized using a standard sperm FISH protocol for centromere‐specific probes. Between 500 and 564, DAPI positive nuclei were captured from each sample and scored using the automated system, and the same slides were scored by a trained cytogeneticist, who was blind to the purpose of the study and the automated system results. None of the estimated frequencies was significantly different between manual and automated methods, regardless of whether individual slides or pooled results across all samples were compared. To our knowledge, this is the first report examining the validity of automated cell scoring in human spermatozoa. The results from this pilot exploration of sperm FISH suggest the comparability between automated and manual methods for estimating sex chromosome disomy and provide evidence that automated laser scanning of multiprobe sperm FISH should be explored further. © 2007 International Society for Analytical Cytology
Multibranch structure and its localized property in layered neural networks
Authors: Yamashita Takashi , Hirasawa Kotaro , Furuzuki Takayuki
Published: September 2007

Neural networks (NNs) can solve only simple problems if the network size is too small, but increasing the network size is costly in terms of memory space and calculation time. Thus, we have studied how to construct a network structure with high performance and low cost in space and time. One solution is a multibranch structure. Conventional NNs use the single‐branch structure for connections, while the multibranch structure has multiple branches between nodes. In this paper, a new method which enables the multibranch NNs to have the localized property is proposed. It is well known that RBF networks have the localized property, which makes it possible to approximate functions faster than sigmoidal NNs. By using the multibranch structure having the localized property of RBF networks, NNs can obtain superior performance while maintaining lower costs in space and time. Simulation results of function approximations and a classification problem are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of multibranch NNs. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 162(1): 48–55, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20352
Large‐scale magnetic field analysis by the hybrid finite element‐boundary element method combined with the fast multipole method
Authors: Takahashi Yasuhito , Wakao Shinji
Published: September 2007

This paper describes a large‐scale magnetic field analysis by means of the hybrid finite element‐boundary element (FE‐BE) method. The hybrid FE‐BE method is well‐suited for solving open electromagnetic field problems that comprise movement, nonlinear media, and eddy current. In general, however, large memory and computational costs are required due to the dense blocks in the system matrix generated by the BE part of the hybrid formulation. In order to overcome the above difficulties, we introduce the fast multipole method (FMM) to the hybrid FE‐BE formulation developed by ourselves. Furthermore, we propose a novel preconditioning technique suitable for the hybrid FE‐BE method with the FMM. Some numerical results that demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach are also presented. ©2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 162(1): 73–80, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20508
Development of 3‐in‐one high‐temperature superconducting cable
Authors: Masuda Takato , Kato Takeshi , Hirose Masayuki , Sato Kenichi
Published: September 2007

A three‐in‐one HTS cable has been developed. Its cable core is composed of a conductor and a shield wound with BSCCO and electrical insulation of the PPLP. The three cable cores are covered in thermal insulated stainless corrugated pipes. The BSCCO wires represent a dramatic innovation by virtue of a newly developed process named Controlled Over‐Pressure (CT‐OP). As a new cable technology, a 350‐m thermal insulation pipe was tested for 7 months to find that the life of the vacuum intensity is more than 10 years. The HTS cable with tension members was designed for installation into an underground duct. In addition, a fault current of 23 kA, 0.63 s, was applied to a sample cable with no damage to the BSCCO wires or the cable insulation. These technologies will be applied to the Albany project in the USA. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 162(1): 15–24, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20577