bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improved Design of PCB Coil for Magnetically Coupled Wireless Power Transfer
Authors: Fu You , Zhu Yu , Jiang Dequan , Ji Bing , Peng Zhouhua
Published: January 2024

In recent years, wireless power transfer (WPT) has progressed rapidly in both theory and commercialization. However, existing research into WPT coil design for low-power devices to mitigate the coil offset is limited. A dual-layer printed circuit board (PCB) structure is proposed in this paper to mitigate the coil offset while retaining manufacturing simplicity for practical uses. Specifically, the impacts of key geometric parameters on the coil quality factor and coupling coefficient are analyzed through models and simulations. Equivalent PCB coils were formed for mutual inductance models, and four basic compensation circuits were analyzed. The impacts of changes in coil thickness, line width, turn spacing, and number of turns on the quality factor of PCB coils were analyzed with a fixed outer diameter of the coil. Eleven types of PCB coils were manufactured to verify the simulation results. The offset transmission efficiency can reach 46.6% with an output power of 14.4 W. The PCB coil with improved design could offer remarkable improvements in the WPT system for low-power electronic devices.
Microgrid Pre-Synchronization Scheme for Suppressing Voltage Fluctuations and Avoiding Frequency Out-of-Limits
Authors: Gong Renxi , Qin Yan , Liu Tao , Xu Jiawei , Wei Zhihuan
Published: January 2024

Pre-synchronization control is needed when the microgrid changes from an off-grid state to a grid-connected state. Aiming to resolve the problems of frequency overstep and voltage fluctuation in traditional pre-synchronous grid-connection schemes, a micro-grid pre-synchronous grid-connection scheme is proposed that can solve both frequency overstep and voltage fluctuation at the same time. Firstly, the feedforward disturbance compensation V/f control strategy of the load voltage and current is introduced to the energy storage system to suppress voltage fluctuations caused by power changes. Then, the V/f control strategy of the energy storage system is improved to suppress voltage fluctuations caused by frequency fluctuations when the starting phase of pre-synchronization is enacted. Finally, PI parameters are optimized based on the golden jackal optimization algorithm to meet the requirements of frequency fluctuation and grid-connection speed in the pre-synchronization process. A large number of simulation experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The Effect of Eye Contact in Multi-Party Conversations with Virtual Humans and Mitigating the Mona Lisa Effect
Authors: Kum Junyeong , Jung Sunghun , Lee Myungho
Published: January 2024

The demand for kiosk systems with embodied conversational agents has increased with the development of artificial intelligence. There have been attempts to utilize non-verbal cues, particularly virtual human (VH) eye contact, to enable human-like interaction. Eye contact with VHs can affect satisfaction with the system and the perception of VHs. However, when rendered in 2D kiosks, the gaze direction of a VH can be incorrectly perceived, due to a lack of stereo cues. A user study was conducted to examine the effects of the gaze behavior of VHs in multi-party conversations in a 2D display setting. The results showed that looking at actual speakers affects the perceived interpersonal skills, social presence, attention, co-presence, and competence in conversations with VHs. In a second study, the gaze perception was further examined with consideration of the Mona Lisa effect, which can lead users to believe that a VH rendered on a 2D display is gazing at them, regardless of the actual direction, within a narrow range. We also proposed the camera rotation angle fine tuning (CRAFT) method to enhance the users’ perceptual accuracy regarding the direction of the VH’s gaze.The results showed that the perceptual accuracy for the VH gaze decreased in a narrow range and that CRAFT could increase the perceptual accuracy.
Urban Dominant Trees Followed the Optimal Partitioning Theory and Increased Root Biomass Allocation and Nutrient Uptake under Elevated Nitrogen Deposition
Authors: Zhang Qinze , Zhu Jiyou , Liang Jiaan , Li Meiyang , Huang Shuo , Li Hongyuan
Published: January 2024

Nitrogen (N) is one of the limiting nutrients for plant growth and metabolism in terrestrial ecosystems. Numerous studies have explored the effects of N addition on the eco-physiological traits and biomass production of plants, but the underlying mechanism of how N deposition influences biomass allocation patterns remains controversial, especially for urban greening trees. A greenhouse experiment was conducted for 7 months, using two dominant tree species of urban streets in North China, including the coniferous tree species Pinus tabuliformis and the broadleaved tree Fraxinus chinensis, under three levels of N addition: ambient, low N addition, and high N addition (0, 3.5, and 10.5 gN m−2 year−1). The plant growth, biomass distribution, functional traits, and soil nutrient properties of the two trees were determined. Overall, N addition had positive effects on the aboveground and belowground biomass of P. tabuliformis, which also shifted its functional traits to an acquisitive strategy, while F. chinensis only increased root biomass distribution and fast traits as N increased. Furthermore, N supply increased the soil N and phosphorus availability of both trees and improved their root nutrient uptake capacity, resulting in an increase in their root–shoot ratio. Optimal partitioning theory could better explain why trees would invest more resources in roots, changing root structure and nutrient uptake, thus increasing root biomass allocation to adapt to a resource-poor environment. These findings highlight the importance of plant functional traits in driving the responses of biomass allocation to environmental changes for urban greening dominant tree species and could help to come up with new tree growth strategies in silvicultural practice for urban green space.
Water Reservoir Placement Methodology for Forest Firefighting: A Case Study of Valparaíso, Chile
Authors: Alfaro Miguel , Santander Pavlo , Fuertes Guillermo , Ternero Rodrigo , Vargas Manuel
Published: January 2024

Climate change has a significant impact on generating forest fires. These fires damage property, interrupt productive processes, reduce employment sources, and generate direct economic losses. Also, fires contribute to climate change, resulting in a negative cycle. Therefore, the effective management of forest fires is of vital importance. This research focuses on the combat and mitigation phase of forest fires, with special emphasis on using helicopters to transport water from nearby reservoirs to the fire site. The location of these reservoirs is key since a greater distance traveled by helicopter means a longer delay in water transport, which favors the spread of the fire. For this reason, this research proposes an optimization model to determine the optimal location of these reservoirs in a territory. The proposed model is illustrated with a case study of the region of Valparaiso, demonstrating its usefulness for management and decision making when locating reservoirs for firefighting.
Characterization of Chinese Tallow Invasion in the Southern United States
Authors: Bataineh Mohammad M. , Fraser Jacob S. , Pile Knapp Lauren S.
Published: January 2024

Chinese tallow is a non-native invasive tree expanding in range and abundance throughout the southern United States. Several biogeographical studies mapping tallow distribution and examining key underlying environmental factors relied on the U.S. Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) data, representing forestlands at scales of ~2400 ha. However, given that most invasive trees, like tallow, are cosmopolitan and dynamic in nature, FIA data fails to capture the extent and severity of the invasion especially outside areas classified as forestlands. To develop tallow maps that more adequately depict its distribution at finer spatial scales and to capture observations in non-forestlands, we combined verified citizen science observations with FIA data. Further, we described spatiotemporal patterns and compared citizen science to FIA and other previously published distribution maps. From our work, although tallow is prevalent in the south, Louisiana, Texas, and Mississippi were the most invaded states. Tallow was associated with flatwoods and prairie grasslands of the Gulf Coast. Annual extreme minimum temperatures of less than −12.2 °C (10 °F) represented the northern limit of naturalized tallow populations. Tallow’s northward and inland expansion was captured in citizen science and FIA data, indicating a tallow spread rate ranging from 5 to 20 km annually over the last decade. Systematic sampling, such as FIA, and citizen science data both have their own unique pitfalls. However, the use of citizen science data can complement invasive plant distribution mapping, especially when combined with data from established systematic monitoring networks. This approach provides for a more complete understanding of invasive tree extent and spatiotemporal dynamics across large landscapes.
Chemical Composition and FTIR Analysis of Acetylated Turkey Oak and Pannonia Poplar Wood
Authors: Fodor Fanni , Hofmann Tamás
Published: January 2024

In this research, acetylation was applied under industrial conditions to improve the properties of Turkey oak and Pannonia poplar wood. Both species are potential “climate winners” in Hungary, yet they are currently underused due their low durability and poor dimensional stability. The acetylation modification process may be a suitable method to improve their properties. In order to verify the effectiveness of the process, comparative chemical analyses (cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin, extractives, ash, buffering capacity, and pH) of the untreated and acetylated heartwood and sapwood were carried out for both species for the first time. Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy was also used to support the evaluation of the chemical analyses. The weight percent gain was 11.54% for poplar and 0.94% for Turkey oak, indicating poor treatment efficiency for the latter. The cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin contents changed significantly in poplar, with the highest change (+81%) induced by acetylating the hemicelluloses. Only the alpha-cellulose content decreased significantly in Turkey oak, presumably due to the degradation of the non-crystalline part of the cellulose. Acetylation may improve the resistance of Pannonia poplar against moisture, weather, decay, and wood-boring insects, but the process parameters need to be optimized in order to prevent degradation and discoloration in poplar. Turkey oak was found to be less suitable for acetylation due to its low permeability and tendency to crack.
Exploring the Therapeutic Significance of microRNAs and lncRNAs in Kidney Diseases
Authors: Bravo-Vázquez Luis Alberto , Paul Sujay , Colín-Jurado Miriam Guadalupe , Márquez-Gallardo Luis David , Castañón-Cortés Luis Germán , Banerjee Antara , Pathak Surajit , Duttaroy Asim K.
Published: January 2024

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are two crucial classes of transcripts that belong to the major group of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). These RNA molecules have significant influence over diverse molecular processes due to their crucial role as regulators of gene expression. However, the dysregulated expression of these ncRNAs constitutes a fundamental factor in the etiology and progression of a wide variety of multifaceted human diseases, including kidney diseases. In this context, over the past years, compelling evidence has shown that miRNAs and lncRNAs could be prospective targets for the development of next-generation drugs against kidney diseases as they participate in a number of disease-associated processes, such as podocyte and nephron death, renal fibrosis, inflammation, transition from acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease, renal vascular changes, sepsis, pyroptosis, and apoptosis. Hence, in this current review, we critically analyze the recent findings concerning the therapeutic inferences of miRNAs and lncRNAs in the pathophysiological context of kidney diseases. Additionally, with the aim of driving advances in the formulation of ncRNA-based drugs tailored for the management of kidney diseases, we discuss some of the key challenges and future prospects that should be addressed in forthcoming investigations.
How Local Finance and Enforcement Shaped SME Credit Choices before and during the COVID Crisis
Authors: Fasano Francesco , La Rocca Maurizio , Sánchez-Vidal F. Javier , Lio Maria Josephin , Cariola Alfio
Published: January 2024

Credit from suppliers is an important source of finance for firms. It can sustain firms’ financial flexibility even in periods of downturn. In this study, using a large database of 90,763 Italian firms in the 2015–2021 period, we investigated how local financial development affects the trade-credit policies of SMEs and how this effect is conditioned by the degree of judicial enforcement. Given that trade credit can be a substitute for bank financing, we find that firms make more use of trade credit in developed financial markets. Moreover, we highlight the finding that a higher degree of judicial enforcement, which reinforces the role of contracts in the market, amplifies this effect. Finally, we observe that the COVID-19 crisis has reduced both the positive effect of local financial development and the positive moderating effect of enforcement in the use of trade credit.
Enhancement of the Antitumor and Antimetastatic Effect of Topotecan and Normalization of Blood Counts in Mice with Lewis Carcinoma by Tdp1 Inhibitors—New Usnic Acid Derivatives
Authors: Kornienko Tatyana E. , Chepanova Arina A. , Zakharenko Alexandra L. , Filimonov Aleksandr S. , Luzina Olga A. , Dyrkheeva Nadezhda S. , Nikolin Valeriy P. , Popova Nelly A. , Salakhutdinov Nariman F. , Lavrik Olga I.
Published: January 2024

Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (Tdp1) is an important DNA repair enzyme and one of the causes of tumor resistance to topoisomerase 1 inhibitors such as topotecan. Inhibitors of this Tdp1 in combination with topotecan may improve the effectiveness of therapy. In this work, we synthesized usnic acid derivatives, which are hybrids of its known derivatives: tumor sensitizers to topotecan. New compounds inhibit Tdp1 in the micromolar and submicromolar concentration range; some of them enhance the effect of topotecan on the metabolic activity of cells of various lines according to the MTT test. One of the new compounds (compound 7) not only sensitizes Krebs-2 and Lewis carcinomas of mice to the action of topotecan, but also normalizes the state of the peripheral blood of mice, which is disturbed in the presence of a tumor. Thus, the synthesized substances may be the prototype of a new class of additional therapy for cancer.
Impact of Exercise Intensity on Cerebral BDNF Levels: Role of FNDC5/Irisin
Authors: Leger Clémence , Quirié Aurore , Méloux Alexandre , Fontanier Estelle , Chaney Rémi , Basset Christelle , Lemaire Stéphanie , Garnier Philippe , Prigent-Tessier Anne
Published: January 2024

The positive effects of physical exercise (EX) are well known to be mediated by cerebral BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor), a neurotrophin involved in learning and memory, the expression of which could be induced by circulating irisin, a peptide derived from Fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) produced by skeletal muscle contraction. While the influence of EX modalities on cerebral BDNF expression was characterized, their effect on muscle FNDC5/Irisin expression and circulating irisin levels remains to be explored. The present study involved Wistar rats divided into four experimental groups: sedentary (SED), low- (40% of maximal aerobic speed, MAS), intermediate- (50% of MAS) and high- (70% of MAS) intensities of treadmill EX (30 min/day, 7 days). Soleus (SOL) versus gastrocnemius (GAS) FNDC5 and hippocampal BDNF expressions were evaluated by Western blotting. Additionally, muscular FNDC5/Irisin localization and serum/hippocampal irisin levels were studied by immunofluorescence and ELISA, respectively. Our findings revealed that (1) serum irisin and hippocampal BDNF levels vary with EX intensity, showing a threshold intensity at 50% of MAS; (2) hippocampal BDNF levels positively correlate with serum irisin but not with hippocampal FNDC5/Irisin; and (3) GAS, in response to EX intensity, overexpresses FNDC5/Irisin in type II muscle fibers. Altogether, peripheral FNDC5/Irisin levels likely explain EX-dependent hippocampal BDNF expression.
The HINT1 Gene rs2526303 Polymorphism and Its Association with Personality Traits in Cigarette Smokers
Authors: Suchanecka Aleksandra , Boroń Agnieszka , Chmielowiec Krzysztof , Strońska-Pluta Aleksandra , Masiak Jolanta , Lachowicz Milena , Chmielowiec Jolanta , Janiszewska-Olszowska Joanna , Grzywacz Anna
Published: January 2024

The development of a substance use disorder (SUD) is a multifaceted process influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Recent research has suggested the potential involvement of the HINT1 gene in various aspects of plasticity, mood regulation, anxiety-like behaviour, and stress-coping mechanisms. Moreover, personality traits are also recognised to be instrumental in developing substance dependency. Given these considerations, our study investigated the associations among cigarette smoking, personality traits, and the rs2526303 polymorphism. Additionally, we investigated the interactions between personality traits and rs2526303 in the HINT1 gene. The study group comprised 531 volunteers: 375 cigarette users (mean age = 29.42 ± 10.72; F = 49%, M = 51%) and 156 never-smokers (mean age = 26.93 ± 10.09; F = 79%, M = 21%). Genotyping was conducted using the real-time PCR method, and the NEO Five-Factor Personality Inventory and State–Trait Anxiety Inventory were administered. There were no statistically significant differences in the frequency of rs2526303 genotypes and alleles in the cigarette user group compared to the control group. Compared to the control group, the cigarette users obtained higher scores in the assessment of the NEO-FFI Extraversion scale and lower results for the NEO-FFI Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness scales. Additionally, there was a statistically significant effect of rs2526303 genotype interaction and cigarette-using status on the conscientiousness scale. These outcomes collectively suggest a notable association between cigarette smoking and specific dimensions of personality, particularly highlighting differences in extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. Furthermore, the detected interaction effect involving rs2526303 concerning conscientiousness signifies a complex interplay between genetic factors and smoking behaviour.
Neuroprotective Effects of Noncanonical PAR1 Agonists on Cultured Neurons in Excitotoxicity
Authors: Babkina Irina , Savinkova Irina , Molchanova Tatiana , Sidorova Maria , Surin Alexander , Gorbacheva Liubov
Published: January 2024

Serine proteases regulate cell functions through G protein-coupled protease-activated receptors (PARs). Cleavage of one peptide bond of the receptor amino terminus results in the formation of a new N-terminus (“tethered ligand”) that can specifically interact with the second extracellular loop of the PAR receptor and activate it. Activation of PAR1 by thrombin (canonical agonist) and activated protein C (APC, noncanonical agonist) was described as a biased agonism. Here, we have supposed that synthetic peptide analogs to the PAR1 tethered ligand liberated by APC could have neuroprotective effects like APC. To verify this hypothesis, a model of the ischemic brain impairment based on glutamate (Glu) excitotoxicity in primary neuronal cultures of neonatal rats has been used. It was shown that the nanopeptide NPNDKYEPF-NH2 (AP9) effectively reduced the neuronal death induced by Glu. The influence of AP9 on cell survival was comparable to that of APC. Both APC and AP9 reduced the dysregulation of intracellular calcium homeostasis in cultured neurons induced by excitotoxic Glu (100 µM) or NMDA (200 µM) concentrations. PAR1 agonist synthetic peptides might be noncanonical PAR1 agonists and a basis for novel neuroprotective drugs for disorders related to Glu excitotoxicity such as brain ischemia, trauma and some neurodegenerative diseases.
L-Lactate Treatment at 24 h and 48 h after Acute Experimental Stroke Is Neuroprotective via Activation of the L-Lactate Receptor HCA1
Authors: Geiseler Samuel J. , Hadzic Alena , Lambertus Marvin , Forbord Karl Martin , Sajedi Ghazal , Liesz Arthur , Morland Cecilie
Published: January 2024

Stroke is the main cause for acquired disabilities. Pharmaceutical or mechanical removal of the thrombus is the cornerstone of stroke treatment but can only be administered to a subset of patients and within a narrow time window. Novel treatment options are therefore required. Here we induced stroke by permanent occlusion of the distal medial cerebral artery of wild-type mice and knockout mice for the lactate receptor hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 (HCA1). At 24 h and 48 h after stroke induction, we injected L-lactate intraperitoneal. The resulting atrophy was measured in Nissl-stained brain sections, and capillary density and neurogenesis were measured after immunolabeling and confocal imaging. In wild-type mice, L-lactate treatment resulted in an HCA1-dependent reduction in the lesion volume accompanied by enhanced angiogenesis. In HCA1 knockout mice, on the other hand, there was no increase in angiogenesis and no reduction in lesion volume in response to L-lactate treatment. Nevertheless, the lesion volumes in HCA1 knockout mice—regardless of L-lactate treatment—were smaller than in control mice, indicating a multifactorial role of HCA1 in stroke. Our findings suggest that L-lactate administered 24 h and 48 h after stroke is protective in stroke. This represents a time window where no effective treatment options are currently available.
Discovery of Novel Diphenyl Acrylonitrile Derivatives That Promote Adult Rats’ Hippocampal Neurogenesis
Authors: Liu Si-Si , Ma Cong-Xuan , Quan Zheng-Yang , Ding Jing , Yang Liang , Liu Si-Meng , Zhang He-Ao , Qing Hong , Liang Jian-Hua
Published: January 2024

We previously discovered WS-6 as a new antidepressant in correlation to its function of stimulating neurogenesis. Herein, several different scaffolds (stilbene, 1,3-diphenyl 1-propene, 1,3-diphenyl 2-propene, 1,2-diphenyl acrylo-1-nitrile, 1,2-diphenyl acrylo-2-nitrile, 1,3-diphenyl trimethylamine), further varied through substitutions of twelve amide substituents plus the addition of a methylene unit and an inverted amide, were examined to elucidate the SARs for promoting adult rat neurogenesis. Most of the compounds could stimulate proliferation of progenitors, but just a few chemicals possessing a specific structural profile, exemplified by diphenyl acrylonitrile 29b, 32a, and 32b, showed better activity than the clinical drug NSI-189 in promoting newborn cells differentiation into mature neurons. The most potent diphenyl acrylonitrile 32b had an excellent brain AUC to plasma AUC ratio (B/P = 1.6), suggesting its potential for further development as a new lead.
Diagnostic Challenges during Inflammation and Cancer: Current Biomarkers and Future Perspectives in Navigating through the Minefield of Reactive versus Dysplastic and Cancerous Lesions in the Digestive System
Authors: Pateras Ioannis S. , Igea Ana , Nikas Ilias P. , Leventakou Danai , Koufopoulos Nektarios I. , Ieronimaki Argyro Ioanna , Bergonzini Anna , Ryu Han Suk , Chatzigeorgiou Antonios , Frisan Teresa , Kittas Christos , Panayiotides Ioannis G.
Published: January 2024

In the setting of pronounced inflammation, changes in the epithelium may overlap with neoplasia, often rendering it impossible to establish a diagnosis with certainty in daily clinical practice. Here, we discuss the underlying molecular mechanisms driving tissue response during persistent inflammatory signaling along with the potential association with cancer in the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, extrahepatic bile ducts, and liver. We highlight the histopathological challenges encountered in the diagnosis of chronic inflammation in routine practice and pinpoint tissue-based biomarkers that could complement morphology to differentiate reactive from dysplastic or cancerous lesions. We refer to the advantages and limitations of existing biomarkers employing immunohistochemistry and point to promising new markers, including the generation of novel antibodies targeting mutant proteins, miRNAs, and array assays. Advancements in experimental models, including mouse and 3D models, have improved our understanding of tissue response. The integration of digital pathology along with artificial intelligence may also complement routine visual inspections. Navigating through tissue responses in various chronic inflammatory contexts will help us develop novel and reliable biomarkers that will improve diagnostic decisions and ultimately patient treatment.
Endothelial Protein C Receptor and 3K3A-Activated Protein C Protect Mice from Allergic Contact Dermatitis in a Contact Hypersensitivity Model
Authors: Xue Meilang , Jackson Christopher J. , Lin Haiyan , Zhao Ruilong , Liang Hai Po H. , Weiler Hartmut , Griffin John H. , March Lyn
Published: January 2024

Endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) is a receptor for the natural anti-coagulant activated protein C (aPC). It mediates the anti-inflammatory and barrier-protective functions of aPC through the cleavage of protease-activated receptor (PAR)1/2. Allergic contact dermatitis is a common skin disease characterized by inflammation and defective skin barrier. This study investigated the effect of EPCR and 3K3A-aPC on allergic contact dermatitis using a contact hypersensitivity (CHS) model. CHS was induced using 1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene in EPCR-deficient (KO) and matched wild-type mice and mice treated with 3K3A-aPC, a mutant form of aPC with diminished anti-coagulant activity. Changes in clinical and histological features, cytokines, and immune cells were examined. EPCRKO mice displayed more severe CHS, with increased immune cell infiltration in the skin and higher levels of inflammatory cytokines and IgE than wild-type mice. EPCR, aPC, and PAR1/2 were expressed by the skin epidermis, with EPCR presenting almost exclusively in the basal layer. EPCRKO increased the epidermal expression of aPC and PAR1, whereas in CHS, their expression was reduced compared to wild-type mice. 3K3A-aPC reduced CHS severity in wild-type and EPCRKO mice by suppressing immune cell infiltration/activation and inflammatory cytokines. In summary, EPCRKO exacerbated CHS, whereas 3K3A-aPC could reduce the severity of CHS in both EPCRKO and wild-type mice.
Illuminating Firefly Diversity: Trends, Threats and Conservation Strategies
Authors: Lewis Sara M. , Jusoh Wan F. A. , Walker Anna C. , Fallon Candace E. , Joyce Richard , Yiu Vor
Published: January 2024

Fireflies are a diverse group of bioluminescent beetles belonging to the family Lampyridae. Recent research on their diversity, evolution, behavior and conservation has greatly advanced our scientific understanding of these charismatic insects. In this review, we first summarize new discoveries about their taxonomic and ecological diversity, then focus on recent endeavors to identify and protect threatened fireflies around the world. We outline the main threats linked to recent population declines (habitat loss and degradation, light pollution, pesticide overuse, climate change and tourism) and describe relevant risk factors that predict which species will be particularly vulnerable to these threats. Although global coordination of firefly conservation efforts has begun only recently, considerable progress has already been made. We describe work by the IUCN SSC Firefly Specialist Group to identify species currently facing elevated extinction risks and to devise conservation strategies to protect them. To date, IUCN Red List assessments have been completed for 150 firefly taxa, about 20% of which face heightened extinction risks. The conservation status for many species has yet to be determined due to insufficient information, although targeted surveys and community science projects have contributed valuable new data. Finally, we highlight some examples of successful firefly habitat protection and restoration efforts, and we use the framework of the IUCN SSC Species Conservation Cycle to point out high-priority actions for future firefly conservation efforts.
Development of Fishcake Gripping and Classification Automation Process Based on Suction Shape Transformation Gripper
Authors: Kim Seolha , Baek Jonghwan , Jeong Myeongsu , Suh Jinho , Lee Jaeyoul
Published: January 2024

The surge in demand for automating seafood processing necessitates the development of robotic processes for transportation, packaging, and classification. South Korean companies are actively constructing diverse robots and grippers for fishcake handling, yet small workshops face spatial constraints. To address this, the study focuses on creating a gripper capable of versatile fishcake handling within compact spaces. The gripper, designed for single-robot use, employs three suction cups, adapting its grip based on fishcake shapes. Small fishcakes are gripped at the center with one suction cup, elongated ones with two cups aligned to the slope, and wider ones with three cups. A testbed with the gripper attached to a robot facilitates fishcake gripping, classification, and automation testing. Fishcake recognition and gripping tests revealed challenges based on shape, width, and material. Despite difficulties, a commendable 100% success rate was achieved for the majority of fishcakes, showcasing the gripper’s effectiveness. Identified improvements include reducing the suction cup diameter and increasing pressure for enhanced gripping and classification in confined spaces. The study demonstrates the successful development of a gripper for versatile fishcake handling, particularly beneficial for small workshops. The identified improvements offer pathways to enhance efficiency in fishcake gripping and classification within limited spaces.
Tumor Burden of Iodine-Avid Bone Metastatic Thyroid Cancer Identified via 18F-Sodium Fluoride PET/CT Imaging
Authors: Nappi Carmela , Zampella Emilia , Gaudieri Valeria , Volpe Fabio , Piscopo Leandra , Vallone Carlo , Pace Leonardo , Ponsiglione Andrea , Maurea Simone , Nicolai Emanuele , Cuocolo Alberto , Klain Michele
Published: January 2024

Background: Patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) are referred to radioactive 131I (RAI) therapy and post-therapy 131I whole-body scintigraphy (WBS) to identify local and/or remote metastases. Positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) imaging with 18F-fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) or 18F-sodium fluoride (NaF) may also be used with these patients for the evaluation of bone metastases. We compared the role of 18F-NaF PET/CT and 18F-FDG-PET/CT in patients with DTC and documented bone metastases at post-therapy WBS. Methods: Ten consecutive DTC patients with iodine avid bone metastasis at post-therapy WBS referred to 18F-NaF PET/CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT were studied. The findings of the three imaging procedures were compared for abnormal detection rates and concordance. Results: At post-therapy 131I WBS, all patients had skeletal involvement with a total of 21 bone iodine avid lesions. At 18F-FDG PET/TC, 19 bone lesions demonstrated increased tracer uptake and CT pathological alterations, while 2 lesions did not show any pathological finding. At 18F-NaF PET/CT, the 19 bone lesions detected at 18F-FDG PET/TC also demonstrated abnormal tracer uptake, and the other 2 bone iodine avid foci did not show any pathological finding. Conclusions: In patients with DTC, 18F-NaF PET/CT did not obtain more information on the metastatic skeletal involvement than post-therapy 131I WBS and 18F-FDG PET/CT.
Validation of a Wearable Medical Device for Automatic Diagnosis of OSA against Standard PSG
Authors: Sanchez Gomez Jesus , Pramono Renard Xaviero Adhi , Imtiaz Syed Anas , Rodriguez-Villegas Esther , Valido Morales Agustin
Published: January 2024

Study objective: The objective of this study was to assess the accuracy of automatic diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with a new, small, acoustic-based, wearable technology (AcuPebble SA100), by comparing it with standard type 1 polysomnography (PSG) diagnosis. Material and methods: This observational, prospective study was carried out in a Spanish hospital sleep apnea center. Consecutive subjects who had been referred to the hospital following primary care suspicion of OSA were recruited and underwent in-laboratory attended PSG, together with the AcuPebble SA100 device simultaneously overnight from January to December 2022. Results: A total of 80 patients were recruited for the trial. The patients had a median Epworth scoring of 10, a mean of 10.4, and a range of 0–24. The mean AHI obtained with PSG plus sleep clinician marking was 23.2, median 14.3 and range 0–108. The study demonstrated a diagnostic accuracy (based on AHI) of 95.24%, sensitivity of 92.86%, specificity of 97.14%, positive predictive value of 96.30%, negative predictive value of 94.44%, positive likelihood ratio of 32.50 and negative likelihood ratio of 0.07. Conclusions: The AcuPebble SA100 (EU) device has demonstrated an accurate automated diagnosis of OSA in patients undergoing in-clinic sleep testing when compared against the gold-standard reference of in-clinic PSG.
Association of Prediabetes and Recurrent Stroke in Atrial Fibrillation Patients: A Population-Based Analysis of Hospitalizations and Outcomes
Authors: Desai Rupak , Vasavada Advait , Patel Bhavin A. , Raval Maharshi , Mondal Avilash , Mahajan Kshitij , Katukuri Nishanth , Varma Yash , Jain Akhil , Krishnamoorthy Geetha
Published: January 2024

Prediabetes is a risk factor for ischemic stroke in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients, yet, its impact on recurrent stroke in AF patients remains understudied. Using the 2018 National Inpatient Sample, we investigated the link between Prediabetes and recurrent stroke in AF patients with prior stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). Among 18,905 non-diabetic AF patients, 480 (2.5%) had prediabetes. The prediabetic group, with a median age of 78, exhibited a two-fold higher risk of recurrent stroke compared to the non-prediabetic cohort (median age 82), as evidenced by both unadjusted (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.72–2.66) and adjusted (adjusted for socio-demographics/comorbidities, OR 2.09, 95% CI 1.65–2.64, p < 0.001). The prediabetes cohort, comprising more male and Black patients, demonstrated associations with higher Medicaid enrollment, admissions from certain regions, and higher rates of hyperlipidemia, smoking, peripheral vascular disease, obesity, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (all p < 0.05). Despite higher rates of home health care and increased hospital costs in the prediabetes group, the adjusted odds of all-cause mortality were not statistically significant (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.19–1.56, p = 0.260). The findings of this study suggest that clinicians should be vigilant in managing prediabetes in AF patients, and strategies to prevent recurrent stroke in this high-risk population should be considered.
Weaning from Kidney Replacement Therapy in the Critically Ill Patient with Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Klouche Kada , Brunot Vincent , Larcher Romaric , Lautrette Alexandre
Published: January 2024

Around 10% of critically ill patients suffer acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring kidney replacement therapy (KRT), with a mortality rate approaching 50%. Although most survivors achieve sufficient renal recovery to be weaned from KRT, there are no recognized guidelines on the optimal period for weaning from KRT. A systematic review was conducted using a peer-reviewed strategy, combining themes of KRT (intermittent hemodialysis, CKRT: continuous veno-venous hemo/dialysis/filtration/diafiltration, sustained low-efficiency dialysis/filtration), factors predictive of successful weaning (defined as a prolonged period without new KRT) and patient outcomes. Our research resulted in studies, all observational, describing clinical and biological parameters predictive of successful weaning from KRT. Urine output prior to KRT cessation is the most studied variable and the most widely used in practice. Other predictive factors, such as urinary urea and creatinine and new urinary and serum renal biomarkers, including cystatin C and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), were also analyzed in the light of recent studies. This review presents the rationale for early weaning from KRT, the parameters that can guide it, and its practical modalities. Once the patient’s clinical condition has stabilized and volume status optimized, a diuresis greater than 500 mL/day should prompt the intensivist to consider weaning. Urinary parameters could be useful in predicting weaning success but have yet to be validated.
Pars Interarticularis Fractures Treated with Minimally Invasive Surgery: A Literature Review
Authors: Minor Adrienne , Klein Benjamin R. , Sowah Mareshah N. , Etienne Kayla , Levi Allan D.
Published: January 2024

Recurrent stress on the isthmic pars interarticularis often leads to profound injury and symptom burden. When conservative and medical management fail, there are various operative interventions that can be used. The current review details the common clinical presentation and treatment of pars injury, with a special focus on the emerging minimally invasive procedures used in isthmic pars interarticularis repair. PubMed and Google Scholar database literature reviews were conducted. The keywords and phrases that were searched include but were not limited to; “history of spondylolysis”, “pars interarticularis”, “pars defect”, “conventional surgical repair of pars”, and “minimally invasive repair of pars”. The natural history, conventional presentation, etiology, risk factors, and management of pars interarticularis injury are discussed by the authors. The surgical interventions described include the Buck’s repair, Morscher Screw-Hook repair, Scott’s Wiring technique, and additional pedicle screw-based repairs. Minimally invasive techniques are also reviewed, including the Levi technique. Surgical intervention has been proven to be safe and effective in managing pars interarticularis fractures. However, minimally invasive techniques often provide additional benefit to patients such as reducing damage of surrounding structures, decreasing postoperative pain, and limiting the time away from sports and other activities.
Evaluation of the Possible Influence of Povidone Iodine (PVI) Solution and Polyhexanide (PHMB) on Wound Healing in Corneal Epithelial Regeneration
Authors: Foja Sabine , Heinzelmann Joana , Viestenz Anja , Rueger Christiane , Hecht Sabine , Viestenz Arne
Published: January 2024

This study investigates the possible toxic effects of the preoperative antiseptic substances povidone iodine (PVI) and polyhexanide (PHMB; Serasept® 2) on wound healing in ophthalmology. To assess this impact, human telomerase-immortalized corneal epithelial (hTCEpi) cells and human telomerase-immortalized conjunctival epithelial (hCjE) cells were exposed to 1% and 5% PVI or 0.04% PHMB for different periods to evaluate the cytotoxicity of these two antiseptics. Furthermore, the toxicity of these antiseptics was investigated in a human tissue-specific corneal epithelial construct and porcine eye culture model. The results reveal the high cytotoxicity of PVI and PHMB in the hTCEpi and hCjE in monolayer cell culture models, independent of the incubation time and concentration of these substances. However, after hTCEpi cell differentiation into a tissue-specific corneal epithelial construct, contact with these antiseptics for the relevant preoperative time did not alter cPARP1 or Ki67 expression. Furthermore, the wound-healing process in the porcine cornea was not significantly influenced after incubation with these antiseptics. In summary, corneal and conjunctival epithelial cell lines are very sensitive to PVI and PHMB, whereas no significant alterations were found in intact tissue-specific corneal epithelial constructs or porcine corneas. Therefore, we could not identify PVI and PHMB as reasons for postoperative eye irritation.
Sutureless Repair for Open Treatment of Inguinal Hernia: Three Techniques in Comparison
Authors: Baldini Enke , Lori Eleonora , Morini Carola , Palla Luigi , Coletta Diego , De Luca Giuseppe M. , Giraudo Giorgio , Intini Sergio G. , Perotti Bruno , Sorge Angelo , Sozio Giampaolo , Arganini Marco , Beltrami Elsa , Pironi Daniele , Ranalli Massimo , Saviano Cecilia , Patriti Alberto , Usai Sofia , Vernaccini Nicola , Vittore Francesco , D’Andrea Vito , Nardi Priscilla , Sorrenti Salvatore , Palumbo Piergaspare
Published: January 2024

Currently, groin hernia repair is mostly performed with application of mesh prostheses fixed with or without suture. However, views on safety and efficacy of different surgical approaches are still partly discordant. In this multicentre retrospective study, three sutureless procedures, i.e., mesh fixation with glue, application of self-gripping mesh, and Trabucco’s technique, were compared in 1034 patients with primary unilateral non-complicated inguinal hernia subjected to open anterior surgery. Patient-related features, comorbidities, and drugs potentially affecting the intervention outcomes were also examined. The incidence of postoperative complications, acute and chronic pain, and time until discharge were assessed. A multivariate logistic regression was used to compare the odds ratio of the surgical techniques adjusting for other risk factors. The application of standard/heavy mesh, performed in the Trabucco’s technique, was found to significantly increase the odds ratio of hematomas (p = 0.014) and, most notably, of acute postoperative pain (p < 0.001). Among the clinical parameters, antithrombotic therapy and large hernia size were independent risk factors for hematomas and longer hospital stay, whilst small hernias were an independent predictor of pain. Overall, our findings suggest that the Trabucco’s technique should not be preferred in patients with a large hernia and on antithrombotic therapy.
Facial Surface Electromyography: A Novel Approach to Facial Nerve Functional Evaluation after Vestibular Schwannoma Surgery
Authors: Franz Leonardo , Marioni Gino , Daloiso Antonio , Biancoli Elia , Tealdo Giulia , Cazzador Diego , Nicolai Piero , de Filippis Cosimo , Zanoletti Elisabetta
Published: January 2024

Background: Vestibular schwannoma (VS) surgery may cause facial nerve damage. However, a comprehensive evaluation of post-operative facial outcomes may be difficult to achieve. Surface electromyography (sEMG) is a promising non-invasive evaluation tool. However, its use in the follow-up after VS surgery has not been reported yet. The main objective was to develop and validate a new sEMG application specifically for the post-VS surgery setting. Secondary goals were to provide a systematic description of facial muscle activity after VS surgery and assess the association between sEMG parameters and Sunnybrook scale scores. Methods: Thirty-three patients with facial palsy following VS surgery were included. The clinical outcomes (Sunnybrook symmetry, movement, and synkinesis scores) and sEMG parameters (signal amplitude normalized by the maximal voluntary contraction (NEMG) and sEMG synkinesis score (ESS, number of synkinesis per movement sequence)) were evaluated at the end of the follow-up. Results: In all tested muscles, NEMG variance was significantly higher on the affected side than the contralateral (variance ratio test, p < 0.00001 for each muscle). In total, 30 out of 33 patients (90.9%) showed an ESS ≥ 1 (median: 2.5, IQR: 1.5–3.0). On the affected side, NEMG values positively correlated with both dynamic and overall Sunnybrook scores (Spearman’s model, p < 0.05 for each muscle, except orbicularis oculi). ESS significantly correlated with the Sunnybrook synkinesis score (Spearman’s rho: 0.8268, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: We described and preliminarily validated a novel multiparametric sEMG approach based on both signal amplitude and synkinesis evaluation specifically for oto-neurosurgery. Large-scale studies are mandatory to further characterize the semiological and prognostic value of facial sEMG.
Impact of Toxoplasma gondii and Human Microbiome on Suicidal Behavior: A Systematic Review
Authors: Zerekidze Ani , Li Meng , Refisch Alexander , Shameya Justina , Sobanski Thomas , Walter Martin , Wagner Gerd
Published: January 2024

Background: Suicide remains a persistent global health challenge, resisting widespread prevention efforts. According to previous findings, toxoplasmosis is particularly associated with altered decision making, which could lead to risk-taking behavior, thereby increasing the likelihood for suicidal behavior (SB). In addition, discussion about the role of microbiome in psychiatric disorders has emerged lately, which also makes it relevant to investigate its role in the context of SB. Therefore, two systematic reviews are integrated in this paper, and the existing knowledge is comprehensively summarized regarding the association between microbial pathogens and SB. Methods: We conducted a systematic search with keywords including SB and Toxoplasma gondii (Suicid* AND Toxoplasm*) and microbiome (Suicid* AND Microbiome AND Microbiota) throughout PubMed and Scopus to retrieve related studies up to 9 November 2023, identifying 24 eligible records. The subjects of the included studies had to have fulfilled the criteria of an SB disorder as defined by DSM-5, and death cases needed to have been defined as suicide. Results: Most studies reported significant association between toxoplasmosis and SB, suggesting a higher likelihood of SB in the infected population. Regarding the microbiome, only very few studies investigated an association between SB and alterations in the microbiome. Based on six included studies, there were some indications of a link between changes in the microbiome and SB. Conclusion: The cognitive aspects of decision making in T. gondii-infected individuals with SB should be further investigated to unravel the underlying mechanisms. Further sufficiently powered studies are needed to establish a link between SB and alterations in the microbiome.
Comparing Survival Outcomes between Hemodialysis and Hemodiafiltration Using Real-World Data from Brazil
Authors: da Rocha Erica Pires , Kojima Christiane Akemi , Modelli de Andrade Luis Gustavo , Costa Daniel Monte , Magalhaes Andrea Olivares , Rocha Whelington Figueiredo , de Vasconcelos Junior Leonardo Nunes , Rosa Maria Gabriela , Wagner Martins Carolina Steller
Published: January 2024

The CONVINCE trial demonstrates that high-dose hemodiafiltration offers a survival advantage for patients in the high-flux hemodiafiltration group compared to hemodialysis. We compared the outcomes of hemodialysis and hemodiafiltration using real-world data. We conducted an analysis on a cohort of patients who underwent hemodiafiltration therapy (HDF) at a single center, NefroStar Clinics. The results obtained were then compared with data from patients receiving hemodialysis (HD) therapy within the Brazilian Public Health System (SUS). The primary outcome was mortality from any cause. Results: A total of 85 patients undergoing hemodiafiltration were compared with 149,372 patients receiving hemodialysis through the Brazilian Public Health System (SUS). Using a 2:1 propensity score, we compared the 170 best-match HD patients with 85 HDF patients. In the Cox analysis, HDF therapy showed a reduced risk of mortality with an HR of 0.29 [0.11–0.77]. The propensity score analysis showed a HR of 0.32 [95% CI: 0.11–0.91]. This analysis was adjusted for age, type of access, KT/v, hemoglobin, and phosphorus. The Kaplan–Meier analysis showed respective survival rates for HDF and HD at the end of one year, 92.1% and 79.9%, p < 0.001. These results suggest high-flux hemodiafiltration has survival advantages over hemodialysis in a real-world scenario.