bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diálogos docentes: a educação como resistência
Authors:   Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Políticas Educacionais e Formação Docente (Pólis)
Published: October 2022

A presente publicação tem por intento compartilhar a coletânea de trabalhos apresentados no I Congresso de Educação do Núcleo Pólis, corroborando a divulgação científica de pesquisas e reflexões atinentes à temática do evento. Espera-se que a leitura destes Anais contribua para amplificar o diálogo sobre a educação, em especial, sobre trabalho, formação e fazimentos docentes.
A STUDY ON THE ROLE OF THE RB1 GENE AS A PROGNOSTIC FACTOR IN UNTREATED PATIENTS WITH B-CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA
Authors:   Hematology Clinic - UMBAL, Medical University, Pleven, Bulgaria., Slavcheva Vanya , Angelova Svetlana ,   National Center for the Treatment of Hematological Diseases - Sofia, Bulgaria., Balatzenko Georgi ,   National Center for the Treatment of Hematological Diseases - Sofia, Bulgaria., Lukanov Tzvetan ,   Laboratory of immunodiagnostics - UMBAL, Pleven, Bulgaria., Tonchev Pencho ,   Department of propaedeutics of surgical diseases, Medical University, Pleven, Bulgaria.
Published: October 2022

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is one of the most common leukemias in adults. After 2000, the FDA approved drugs for its treatment with mechanisms of action different from those of the then-known cytostatics. This new therapeutic approach, employing targeted therapy, is based on a better understanding of the biology and key pathogenetic mechanisms driving the development and progression of the disease. Deletion of the long arm of chromosome 13 is one of the most frequently described cytogenetic aberrations among CLL patients, the prognostic value of which is still debated, given that part of the tumor suppressor genes are located in this chromosome. Our study aimed to investigate the frequency of deletions affecting the retinoblastoma gene (RB1) and their impact on the time to first treatment (TTFT) in untreated B-CLL patients. The cohort included 40 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of CLL and deletion of the DLEU1 gene. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to determine cytogenetic aberrations affecting the DLEU1 and Rb1 genes. The difference in time to first treatment in patients with/without deletion in the Rb1 gene was determined based on the log-rank test. In our study, we found a shorter time to initiation of first treatment in patients with a deletion in the Rb1 gene. Future clinical studies, including a more significant number of patients with an isolated deletion in the Rb1 gene, would confirm or reject the importance of the mentioned aberration as a prognostic factor and the necessity of its examination in routine practice.
Education in the educational system: Legislative novelties and updating of practice
Authors: Блинов В.И. , Осадчева С.А. , Куртеева Л.Н.
Published: October 2022

Введение. Теория и практика воспитания – самые древние и самые сложные объекты педагогической и философской мысли. Признавая за семьей приоритет в вопросах воспитания, общество также имеет определенные права на  воспитание своих граждан. Воспитание вне социума – утопия. Именно сегодня становятся все более актуальными вопросы воспитания в системе не только общего, но и среднего профессионального и высшего образования, включая вопросы законоприменения в данной сфере.Цель. Анализ первых результатов внедрения новых законодательных норм в сфере воспитания.Методы. Теоретико-методологический анализ нормативных документов, научной литературы, педагогического опыта.Результаты. Выявлены проблемы и  противоречия, затрудняющие внедрение и развитие воспитательной деятельности, основанной на положениях ФЗ «О внесении изменений в Федеральный закон “Об образовании в Российской Федерации” по вопросам воспитания обучающихся» и подзаконных актов, регламентирующих нововведения в системе воспитания.Практическая значимость. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы при формировании и развитии системы контроля и оценки результатов воспитательной деятельности.

Introduction. Theory and practice of education are the oldest and most complex objects of pedagogical and philosophical thought. While it is widely recognised that family takes priority in educational matters, society can also play its role in people’s education. Education outside of society is utopia. Today more than ever the issues of not only general, but also secondary vocational and higher education, including issues of  law enforcement in this area, are becoming urgent.Aim. To highlight the preliminary results of introducing new legislative norms into the field of moral education.Methods. Theoretical and methodological analysis of normative documents, scientific literature, pedagogical experience.Results. The problems and contradictions that hinder the implementation and development of educational activities based on the norms of the Federal Law “O vnesenii izmenenii v Federal’nyi zakon ‘Ob obrazovanii v Rossiiskoi Federatsii’ po voprosam vospitaniia obuchaiushchikhsia” [On Amendments to the Federal Law № 304-FZ “On Education in the Russian Federation” on the Education of Students № 304-FZ] and regulations on innovations in the education system are identified.Practical significance. The results of the study can be used in the formation and development of  a system for monitoring and evaluating the results of  activities related to moral education.
Development of support materials for blended learning of foreign languages at TVET
Authors: Васильченко Н.В.
Published: October 2022

Введение. Новые условия развития общества требуют диверсификации форм подготовки специалистов XXI века. В связи с этим смешанное обучение рассматривается как одна из основных тенденций образования будущего.Цель: представить универсальный алгоритм создания учебных материалов по иностранному (английскому) языку для студентов образовательных учреждений среднего профессионального образования (СПО) первого года обучения, использовуя приемов смешанного обучения.Результаты. Авторская методика разработки учебных материалов (на примере одной из наиболее востребованных тем «Мир современных профессий») может приблизить решение следующих актуальных для российского образования задач: превращение обучающегося в активного участника процесса обучения, индивидуализация и дифференциация обучения в зависимости от потребностей обучающихся, внедрение информационно-коммуникационных технологий в процесс обучения.Практическая значимость. Предложенная методика в виде пошаговой инструкции с перечислением основных и вспомогательных действий позволит преподавателю самостоятельно создавать учебные материалы по иностранному языку как общеобразовательной дисциплине в СПО по любой теме.Финансирование: Статья подготовлена в рамках государственного задания № 073-00058-22-04 от 08.04.2022 на 2022 год по теме «Научно-педагогическое обеспечение смешанного обучения в общеобразовательных организациях».

Introduction. Novel environment of society evolution demands diversification of education and training of those who will work in the future. In this regard, blended learning is seen to be one of major trends of the prospective education.Aim. To present a universal algorithm of the development of teacher support and learning materials for studying English in the first year of CTE or TVET exploiting the advantages of Blended Learning (BL).Results. The authorial methodology of development of support materials on one of the most actual topics “World of modern occupations” is capable of facilitating the solution of urgent tasks that the Russian educational system faces: turning a student into an active participant of educational process; individualisation and differentiation of the latter in accordance with the student’s needs; wider utilisation of ICT.Practical significance. The suggested methodology in the form of the stepwise development of main and additional actions allows a TVET teacher to independently and skillfully create innovative support materials on any topic in English that is a general subject of the first year of studying at a college.Funding: The article is performed within State assignment No. 073-00058-22-04 dd. 8th April, 2022 on subject “Scientific support of blended learning at secondary education establishments”.
Inventory of the Megaspilidae family (Insecta: Hymenoptera)
Authors: Carlos Henrique Marchiori
Published: October 2022

The Megaspilidae Family is little known as a whole, however it is believed that the majority is parasitoid, especially of Hemiptera (Sternorrhyncha), and some hyperparasitoids. The remarkable diversity of hosts used by hyperparasitoids of the genus Dendrocerus seems to be centered on predators and parasitoids of Hemiptera of the suborder Sternorrhyncha (aphids and occasionally psyllids). Their hosts include Hymenoptera (Aphidiidae and more rarely Aphelinidae, Encyrtidae, Pteromalidae, Braconidae and Figitidae), Diptera ((pupae) Coleoptera Neuroptera and Mecoptera. They are hyperparasitoids, for example Braconidae in aphids; in addition to some being associated with ants. The objective of this work is to investigate the biology, ecology and biology of the Megaspilidae (Hymenoptera). To this end, a bibliographic survey of Megaspilidae was carried out in the years 1940 to 2021. Only complete articles published in scientific journals and expanded abstracts presented at national and international scientific events. Data were also obtained from platforms such as: Frontiers, Qeios, Biological Abstract, Publons, Dialnet, Microsoft Academic, Science and Scielo.
Explaining Government Expenditure and Growth Rate Dynamics in Ghana: A Vector Error Correction Model
Authors:   Catholic University of Ghana, Fiapre-Sunyani, Bono Region, Ghana, Awuma Williams , Ribar Bonheur Ngontoloum ,   Catholic University of Ghana, Fiapre, P.O. Box 363, Sunyani
Published: October 2022

This paper examined the Granger-causality relationship between public expenditure and real capita GDP in Ghana, using aggregate data for a sample of 59 years, over the period of 1961–2020. Econometric analyses employed included: The simple Linear Regression Model (SLRM), Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF), Granger-causality, and Cointegration Tests (CT). The OLS output reveals that the series has a limited ability in predicting each other as indicated by the very low R-square which comes close to zero, the ADF test showed that the series is stationary at the first difference, and The Granger-causality test revealed that there is no causality between the series. That is there is no Granger causal linkage between economic growth and government expenditure. In other words, economic growth and government expenditure are independent of the causal mechanism. The null hypothesis of number co-integration is not rejected since there is no co-integration at the 5% level of significance. This means that there is no long-run relationship between the series. There is a need for policy in public investment to impact growth rates in the future. Government expenditures need to be institutionalized in order to plan public spending over a period so that government expenditure is projected as a stable share of all anticipated flow of future levels of real income.
Hand gestures recognition classification
Authors: Hind Ibrahim Mohammed  , Bashar Ahmed Sultan  , Khalid Hadi Hamee
Published: October 2022

The use of hand gestures for human-machine interaction offers an enticing alternative to bulky interface devices. The current study discusses the classification of gestures in real time and aims to create an algorithm capable of classifying gestural control commands accurately. For the classification of a gesture vocabulary of eight dynamic hand gestures, two separate classifiers were created. The established classifiers were: K-means + rule-based classifier and classifier of to test the accuracy of classification recognition in which a test set of 180 trajectories was categorized, an experiment was conducted. The accuracies obtained for the K-means and Learning classifier systems( LCS ) classifiers, respectively, are 90 and 94 percent.
Alpha-lipoic acid inhibits oxidative DNA damage of some organs induced by 4-tert-octylphenol exposure in rats
Authors: El-Kader Abd El-Kader M. Abd , Awadalla Eatemad A. , Hassan Mohammed H. , Gbr Samia A. , Nour Amna H. , Abdallah Ahmed Alamir Mahmoud
Published: October 2022

Endocrine disputer chemicals (EDCs) such as 4-tert-octylphenol (OP), are a class of exogenous pollutants that can interfere with normal physiological processes, resulting in a number of health issues. Therefore, the goal of the current study is to determine how well α -lipoic acid (LA) protects against DNA damage brought on by OP. Forty male albino rats were randomly assigned into four groups. Group I (control group) not received any material, group II (αLA-group) received α-lipoic acid (40 mg/kg/ day), group III (OP-group) received 4-tert-octylphenol (50 mg/kg/ day), and group IV(protective group) received 4-tert-octylphenol (50 mg/kg/ day) plus α-lipoic acid (40 mg\ kg/ day) for a period of 30 days. The DNA fragmentations were detected in tissues of hypothalamus, pituitary gland and testis using agarose gel electrophoresis and bands were visualized under UV light and the total DNA concentration in samples were also measured spectrophotometrically. Rats administered OP showed significant (p < 0.05) rising of DNA damage levels in pituitary gland and testis tissues and non-significantly (p >0.05) increase in hypothalamus tissue. On other hand, αLA treatment showed significant (p < 0.05) improvement in DNA damage levels.
Apolipoprotein B level in corona virus patients in Iraq
Authors: Judi Huda Falah , Ali Muntadher Mohammad , Abduljawad Ahmed Ridha
Published: October 2022

Background: Since the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in December 2019, it has affected >200 countries, areas, or territories in 6 continents. At present, whether COVID-19 has an effect on thyroid function is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate Apolipoprotein in iraqi  patients with COVID-19. Methods: Clinical features, laboratory results, and real time PCR were reviewed for 60 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19. They were admitted to the Al-Sadr Teaching Hospital; Iraq between September and December 2021. Healthy participants who underwent routine physical checkups and non-COVID-19 patients the study as the control group. Apolipoprotein B and Fibrinogen levels were determine and compared between the COVID-19 and control groups. Results: Fibrinogen protein B   lower than the normal range of the patients with COVID-19 Compared to the control group. The levels of Apolipoprotein of the patients with COVID-19 were significantly lower than those of the healthy control group. The lower the Fg and ABOB levels were, with statistical significance (p <0.001). Conclusions The Changing fibrinogen and apolipoprotein B  in the blood of people with Coronavirus may have a role in the infection and the life cycle of the virus.
Objectives of modern management psychology
Authors: Koleci Violeta , Koleci Redon
Published: October 2022

Management psychology is an interdisciplinary science that is successfully applied in modern realities in the field of personnel work. Here we will discuss the main features of this science, the objects and subject of management psychology, its goals and objectives, other methods, the structure of management psychology. Familiarity with this science makes all work and management processes in such a way as to increase overall work efficiency. Management psychology - a branch of psychology studies the psychology of management activity. The main task of management psychology is to analyze the psychological conditions and characteristics of management activities in order to have efficiency and workability in the management system. Is applied to the activities of the manager, in which management psychology emphasizes the points of system management: Diagnosis and status of management subsystem changes; The formation of the subordinates' activity program, aimed at changing the state of the management objects in a specific purpose; Organization of the execution of the decision. In the manager's personality, management psychology, the difference between his managerial needs and abilities, as well as his individual managerial concept, managerial plans and management principles and rules accepted internally by the person. The role of a leader is multifaceted.
Delay in care seeking for menstrual regulation among the women attending a selected clinic
Authors: Sathi Dastider  , Sathi Dastider
Published: October 2022

Each year women around the world experience 75 million unwanted pregnancies. Millions of women around the world risk their lives and health to end unwanted pregnancies. This descriptive type of cross-sectional study was conducted among 103 respondents from Mohammadpur Fertility Centre, Dhaka, Bangladesh to find out the factors influencing delay in care seeking for menstruation regulation among the women attending selected MR clinic from March to June 2015. Respondents were enrolled in the study using Purposive sampling technique. Data was collected by face to face interview with a semi-structured questionnaire. Here, 85% gave right answer about Knowing of MR. Respondent's main personal cause for delaying MR was that 37% home abortion by taking gynaecosid or other tablet. About familial causes of delaying MR shows that majority (47%) had in security of the house, 38% resistance by husband/others. The main social causes of delaying MR shows that majority (61%) was due to spiritual bindings and service or service center related causes for delaying MR due to treatment cost, male doctor, complexity of services and rest due to the substandard services. Women had good knowledge about MR and its timing even they make delay due to unawareness of their legal rights, personal, social and service related causes.
The influence of antipsychotic drugs on fertility hormones in male patients – Khartoum state
Authors: Abdalla Eltoum Ali  , Lana Mohamed Babikir Aladani  , Salih A Elmahd
Published: October 2022

Background: Psychiatric disorders are severe, depilating conditions with unknown a etiology and are commonly misdiagnosed when based solely on clinical interview. Antipsychotic drugs provide effective treatment of psychotic symptoms but might lead to neuroendocrine abnormalities. The study aim to assess fertility hormones Luteinizing and Testosterone among psychotic male patients at Khartoum State. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during the period from July to August 2021, with fifty known diagnostic psychiatric patients as cases and fifty healthy people as case controls. The levels of serum testosterone and luteinizing hormones were measured by enzyme linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The mean level of serum luteinizing hormone in psychiatric patients showed a significant decrease (3.8 0.54; P.value = 0.000) and the level of serum testosterone showed a significant increase (8.3 ± 0.92; P.value = 0.000) in psychiatric patients when compared to healthy individuals. There was a significant decrease in LH hormone in patients taking Olanzapine drugs compared to those taking Risperidone drugs (p value = 0.03). Conclusion: There were significant sexual dysfunctions in psychiatric patients due to antipsychotic drugs, which led to a decrease in luteinizing hormone and an increase in testosterone hormone.
Flower structure of Serjania fuscifolia (Sapindaceae) and its relationship with visiting insect
Authors: Michelle Rodrigues de Souza  , Maria Auxiliadora Milaneze-Gutierre  , Luiz Antonio de Souza
Published: October 2022

Serjania fuscifolia is a species that occurs often in edges of forest fragments, it flowers in the autumn-winter period and is visited by insects. This species constitutes an interesting model of floral biology, especially for its potential to provide food resources to the entomofauna. Its floral structure was investigated, and its relationship with visiting insects was also verified. Five specimens of this species were analyzed in a seasonal semideciduous forest fragment surrounded by agricultural fields in the years 2019 and 2020. Flowers were embedded in historesin and sectioned in a microtome; collections and observations of insects followed a floral biology protocol. Four individuals showed monoecy, with temporal variations in floral types, and only one individual was male unisexual. Both types of flowers showed non-glandular and glandular trichomes, lipid-secreting cells and nectar in abundance. Pollen grains were exposed only on male flowers, while indehiscent anthers on female flowers showed pollen with 35% viability. Flowers consist of perianth with homogeneous mesophyll, anther wall with five cell-layers, style with a trilobed strand of transmitting tissue, and ovary wall with adaxial meristem. The plant was visited by 50 species of insects, with emphasis on Hymenoptera (21 sp.), Lepidoptera (15 sp.) and Diptera (10 sp.)
On Raymond’s Search for Self in The Desert of Love
Authors: Xueqiao CHEN
Published: October 2022

François Mauriac's Nobel Prize-winning work, The Desert of Love, tells the story of teenager Raymond’s development in the context of indifferent family relationships. This paper will analyze the impact of the unhealthy family emotional field on the formation of Raymond's sense of self-worth from the perspective of family system theory, explore how he embarks on a path of self-absence, self-differentiation, disorientation and self-reinvention, and search for the root cause of Raymond's self-identity crisis within the family, with a view to reconstructing an “oasis of love", thus providing some implications for the family crisis and the growth of young people in society today.
Critical Reading of Walden from the Perspective of Chinese and Western Cultures
Authors: Yanhui LU , Fangming LIU
Published: October 2022

Chinese traditional thoughts have a great influence on Western literature and American Transcendentalism. Given Sino-western culture differences and Thoreau’s language limitations, by making a comparative analysis of Confucianism-Taoism implied in the essay and Thoreau’s transcendentalism, this paper aims to understand and interpret objectively and realistically elements of Chinese traditional culture in Walden so as to further think about how to maintain the cultural consciousness and cultural confidence of Chinese traditional culture. To start with the interpretation of the writing background of Walden and the author's personal identities, critical reading of Walden from different perspectives of Chinese and Western cultures is of great significance for the interpretation of the essence of Chinese and Western cultures, which contributes to guiding positive world views, outlooks on life and values, and better appreciating Chinese traditional culture and transcendentalism involved in Walden.
ENFLASYON HEDEFLEMESİ STRATEJİSİ VE SEÇİLMİŞ ÜLKE UYGULAMALARI
Authors: DENGİZ Sevdagül , GOVDERE Bekir
Published: October 2022

Bu çalışmada enflasyon hedeflemesi stratejisi ve ülke örnekleri incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın temel sorusu ülkeler arasındaki uygulama farklılıklarının enflasyon hedeflemesinin başarısını ne yönde etkilediğini anlamaktır. Bu amaçla gelişmiş ülkelerden Yeni Zelanda, İngiltere ve Kanada örnekleri; gelişmekte olan ülkelerden Brezilya, Şili ve Türkiye örnekleri betimsel yöntemle analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre iki ülke grubu arasında temel benzerlik merkez bankası bağımsızlığının yasal güvenceye alınmasıdır. İki ülke arasındaki temel farklılıklar ise hedefledikleri enflasyon oranlarının farklı olmasıdır.
Accessible Medical Education and TIC: Increasing Equitable Care for Disabled Patients
Authors: Su Jean , EP Cyr Peppar
Published: October 2022

An estimated 1 in 4 U.S. adults has a disability, and this number continues to increase. Disabled individuals face significant healthcare inequities, including but not limited to inaccessibility and mistreatment. Our current healthcare system is ill-equipped to provide equitable care to this population. There is a lack of accessibility in healthcare environments, lack of accessible medical training to enable disabled people to become healthcare providers serving their own community, and lack of thorough medical education that encompasses care for disabled patients. Furthermore, the increased risk of trauma, as well as increased risk of medical trauma specifically, endured by disabled people puts them at greater risk of long-lasting adverse effects.    In this commentary, we analyze three key areas: 1) the current state of healthcare for disabled patients, 2) disability in medical education & physician workforce, and 3) the relationship between trauma and disability. We argue that the road to more equitable care for disabled patients involves changes to medical education that address all three of these areas. Medical training should expose trainees to disability early and throughout their training, should be made more accessible to support disabled physicians, and finally, should be trauma-informed in a manner that explicitly includes caring for disabled patients and their other intersecting identities.
Disability, Race, and the Usefulness of Narratives in Health Contexts
Authors: Gray Jaz
Published: October 2022

Health researchers and practitioners have relied on health interventions featuring narratives to target both people with disabilities and people of color with the intention of helping “vulnerable” populations experiencing negative health outcomes. In doing so, they have essentially co-opted narrative, an essential communication mechanism of cultural importance with disabled people of color, for research purposes. A review of the importance of narratives to disabled people of color, the use of narratives in health contexts, and the benefits and limitations of narrative health interventions targeting disabled people and people of color is needed to support health equity within the field of narrative-based health research. This work can serve as a strong foundation for health researchers that use narratives to develop interventions that target disabled people of color and other marginalized and intersectional identities.
DEVELOPMENT OF AIR QUALITY AND BRICK KILNS DURING THE ONSET OF COVID-19: AN ANALYSIS
Authors: PERVAIZ S , KHAN FZ , JAVID K , ALTAF A , ASLAM F , TAHIR MAA , TALIB B , ARIF H , HAYAT S
Published: October 2022

Coronavirus and air pollution,having a positive correlation, are inauspiciouslythe greatest challenge of the millennium. Therefore, the study presented the initial outcomes from the analysis of the COVID-19 impact on (1) air qualityand, (2)informal sector i.e. old technology brick kiln industry. In order to evaluate the progress, the spatial analysis was carried out,comprising aerosol optical depth, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and ozone with the inclusion of metrological element i.e. rainfall and environmental index (NDVI). The results of the spatial data indicated that the air quality of Punjab improved with the lockdown policy. However, improvements vary across the districts and were absent in a few districts where no strict lockdown policy was observed. During lock-down,fluctuation in rainfall and decrease in NDVI,which had no positive impact in reducing the pollutants concentration in the atmosphere, was observed. The spatial correlation results presented that the pandemic lock-down helped in the reduction of the extent of air pollution. In addition, in the COVID-19 anthropause, Government of the Punjab initiated a stringent action to ban outdated brick kilns causing air pollution. Resultant, conversion of old technology brick kilns into Zig-Zag Technology is a remarkable step to mitigate smog.
Impact of Distance Learning on the English Language Learning Process
Authors: Kutubkhanah Alsaied Hanan Ismail K
Published: October 2022

Interaction plays a critical role in processing data utilized for language learning. The outcome of a learning system depends on the learner's level of knowledge of a second foreign language (L2). The study uses a primary qualitative approach, working with data from primary sources in the form of open-ended questions. The use of primary research methods in this study was important because it allowed for a better understanding of the impact of distance education on English language learning (concerning Arab learners). This study used the main qualitative research methods and the case study method as a research tool because this method allows qualitative data to be collected, investigated, and calculated combined. In addition, the open-ended questions allowed participants to share their experiences of the impact of distance education on English language learning (applied to Arabic learners). The results of the qualitative research also revealed the challenges teachers face when innovating in online foreign language teaching, including, but not limited to, difficulties related to broadband access, accessibility, LMS connectivity issues, and appropriate assessment tools. The study results also showed that teachers would like more in-service training and preparation courses on the effective use of innovations and the application of unique applications in online teaching.
Suitable Homework Boosts Highschool Learning Effects
Authors: Pllana Duli
Published: October 2022

Highschool homework as an integral part of the study skills benefits students' learning outcomes significantly. Consistency of completing homework contributes to rising scores in any given assignment such as quizzes, regular tests, standardized tests, etc. The purpose of homework aims at different targets and it is designed for specific groups and occasions. Generally, there are four types of homework: a) Practice, b) Preparatory, c) Extension, and d) Integration. On the other hand, there is a great variety of homework with various tasks. The daily length of the high school assignments is within the frame time of ninety minutes to three hours. Too long or too short time consuming on completing the task does not result effectively in positive learning outcomes. The optimal time for completing an assignment resonates with the Aristotle mean, and it provides maximum benefits in learning outcome. Despite the fact of the dispute between education stockholders on benefits of homework, they still agree that homework elevates study skills to a certain degree with regard to the exams or study skills.
Comparison Of Positional Release Technique and Ischemic Pressure on Pain and Headache Disability in Cervicogenic Headache
Authors: Munir Sidra , Hafeez Sana , Arooj Ayesha , Asad Farwa , Saqib Farzana , Rania Asma
Published: October 2022

Cervicogenic headache may imitate those usually connected through essential headache problems. Objective:  To determine the effects of ischemic compression and positional release procedure on pain and Headache Disability Index in Cervicogenic headache. Methods: Data were collected from Physiogic Physiotherapy Clinic Lahore, for 6 months. Quasi Experimental study was conducted on 18 patients of Cervicogenic headache. All were randomly allocated to ICT group and PRT group, both groups were treated for 12 sessions in 4 weeks. NPRS, HDI were used to measure the treatment effect before and after treatment of 12 sessions in 4 weeks. Data was analyzed by SPSS 21. Results: There were 9 (50.0%) participation with mean of 26.22 and SD 2.90 in group A and 9 (50.0%) participants with mean of 24.55 and SD 2.55 in group B. Across the gathering correlation of VAS, KOOS AND AKPS with mean difference and standard p value of pre and post treatment values and within group comparison of VAS, KOOS AND AKPS showed significant difference in Group A as compared to group B. Conclusions: Result showed that significant difference found between the mean values of both technique after treatment (Post-Treatment) in HDI & NPRS in the favor of PRT because there is more variation in mean of PRT as compared to IC technique.
Inclusion of STEAM Innovation Spaces: A Critical Issue for Learners with Disabilities
Authors: Fathelrahman Mohamed Einas
Published: October 2022

The fourth industrial revolution has provided a wide range of flexible physical and digital technologies that continue to enhance the teaching and learning of STEAM. Incorporating STEAM and building makerspaces, Fablabs (Fabrication Labs), and STEAM labs as part of the educational curriculum can serve as the right environment to empower learners to transform their ideas into tangible digital or physical solutions. However, the standards way of development of spaces such as FabLabs does not always guarantee accessible learning opportunities for learners with disabilities as they may require additional accommodations to be able to access and use the technology tools. This article confirms that children with disabilities face multiple challenges with inclusivity and accessibility. Creating inclusive innovation spaces that support, promote, and accelerate learning is essential and requires an understanding of the application of user-centered design, universal design, and utilization of local and
global networks to create solutions that increase accessibility and create an inclusive environment.
MadFabLab: an inclusive STEM and fabrication environment for creativity and innovation and its impact on persons with disabilities
Authors: Othman Achraf , Ahmed Shahbaz , Al-Mohannadi Al Danna
Published: October 2022

Fabrication laboratories (FabLabs) are utilized to materialize concepts. They can improve cognitive and creative abilities when used in a design-learning situation. Numerous studies have attempted to comprehend the relationship between makerspaces and creativity in a variety of disciplines, with the capacity to generate innovative consequences in makerspaces dependent on creativity. However, a comprehensive study that provides a holistic perspective on the contributions of labs as inclusive places that stimulate creativity for people with disabilities is absent. In order to address this study gap, the paper that follows provides an overview of FabLabs, makerspaces, and creativity and introduce the first of its kind MadaFabLab, as the first inclusive fablab in the world designed and tailored for innovators with disabilities "MadaFabLab". The studies revealed that fablabs contribute to the development of creative person, product, physical, and social surroundings, as well as creative process. In add ition, the MadaFabLab, a novel inclusive idea, fosters problem-solving, collaborative, and communication skills, and offers appealing locations and tools for the development of creative solutions to real-world challenges and needs identified by people with disabilities. We identified and analyzed five important themes pertaining to technical skills, technological and environmental factors, STEM learning, and skill development, and focused on their significance for fostering creativity in an inclusive FabLab.
Analysis of Administrative Structures and Economic Programs of the Ahmad Shahi’s Era
Authors: Toryalai Hemat , Amin Stanikzai
Published: October 2022

Shah Ghazi Amanullah Khan is the founder of a new and modern Afghanistan. Throughout his reign, significant changes and innovations have taken place in Afghanistan’s economic, legal, and social aspects. One of his most precious and valuable achievements was taking freedom from the British Occupation. In all his political meetings, trips, and gatherings, Ghazi Amanullah Khan discussed civil and political freedom with a resolute intention and high morale in this regard. The purpose of study is to deeply analyze the administrative and economic structure of Ghazi Amanullah Khan’s government; to identify those factors which positively affect the economic and administrative structure; to explain the overall leadership. The descriptive, explanatory, and analytical research approaches are used in this work. It is worth mentioning that this research study is entirely based on library sources. Most of the sources are reputable and trustworthy textbooks, published journal articles, law reports, and websites. According to well-known historians and the study of history in terms of administrative and economic structure and achievements that one of Ghazi Amanullah Khan’s reforms was that he created national symbols such as state emblems, national days, national anthem, national flag, medals, and national currency. All of these were part of Ghazi Amanullah Khan’s reforms. The researcher suggests and recommend to the central government and to the local governments of Afghanistan as well as to the regional governments that to deeply study the administrative and economic structure, achievements, and reforms of the Ghazi Amanullah Khan’s era and try to implement them in their central and local institutions. Furthermore, the researcher has a suggestion to work on the military, political, and social structure of Ghazi Amanullah Khan’s government in order to squinch the academic thirst of the researchers and academia.
The potency of multiple synchronous ipsilateral tumours on quantity of axillary lymph node involvement in clinical early stage breast cancer
Authors: Dumlu Ersin , e Ebru
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare multiple synchronous ipsilateral breast cancer (MSIBC) with unifocal breast cancer (UBC) in terms of the quantity of axillary lymph node involvement (ALNI) and to examine the factors that increase the number of ALNI in MSIBC.
Materials and Methods: Patients who were diagnosed with clinical early-stage breast cancer (stage I, II) with cN0 were included in the study.
Results: Patients were divided into two groups according to multifocality (MSIBC, n=142, 26.2%; UBC, n=400, 73.8%). Statistically significant differences in ALNI were found between the two groups (p < 0.001). Patients with MSIBC had significantly higher number of total positive lymph nodes, involvement of three or more axillary lymph nodes, tumor size, intermediate-high grade tumor, microcalcification, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), and accompanying ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) than patients with UBC (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.041, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.035, respectively). Out of the 142 patients who had MSIBC, 107 (75.4%) had ≤ 2 ALNI and 35 (24.6%) had > 2 ALNI. Presence of pT2 tumor, grade 2/3 tumor, C-erbB2 positivity, microcalcification, and LVI for MSIBC patients with > 2 ALNI were significantly higher than patients with ≤ 2 ALNI (p = 0.003, p < 0.001, p = 0.048, p < 0.001, p = 0.002, respectively). Presence of pT2 tumor, microcalcification, LVI, and grade 2/3 tumor were found to be significant after multivariate analysis for > 2 ALNI in MSIBC patients.
Conclusion: These results show that MSIBC not only increases ALNI in breast cancer patients, but also increases the number of involved lymph nodes. In MSIBC, limited axillary sampling can be performed more safely by identifying subgroup patients that may have increase number of ALNI.
What the twenty-year series in children with disorders of sex development tells us?
Authors: Macit Beng , nc Ay , Demircan Mehmet , lu Kubilay , rc Ahmet
Published: October 2022

Aim: Although Disorders of sex development (DSD) are not a common pathology, they are destructive for individuals, families and society and require serious effort for the health personnel who treat and follow these patients. This study aims to evaluate the clinical, laboratory, genetic and radiological findings of our twenty-year series with DSD patients and to reveal remarkable issues.
Material and Methods: This retrospective study and DSD patients who were detected were divided into three groups according to the Chicago classification. In this study, there were a total of 92 patients with DSD in the hospital records from 1999 to 2019 and all the data obtained were evaluated descriptive statistical. The distributions of the qualitative data were expressed by count and percentage in frequency tables.
Results: The mean presentation age of 92 patients with DSD was 9.45 ± 6.81. These patients were admitted due to suspicious genitalia. Twenty-five out of all patients (27.1%) had sex chromosome DSD patients. The mean presentation age of these patients was 15 ± 0.83 years. We examined the etiologies of thirty-four 46 XY DSD patients. Totally 12 patients had androgen-insensitive syndrome. In our study we found thirty-three, 46 XX karyotypes DSD patients. Twenty seven out of the patients in the same group were found to have congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH).
Conclusion: The differences in DSD patients maybe are not noticed by both the family and the doctors they first consult. DSD patients may be diagnosed late and genetic analysis may be delayed because the first admission to these patients is delayed. These patients maybe are raised in different genders until they are diagnosed by their specialists. The delay in the diagnosis of the patient may also affect the content of the surgical procedure performed. DSD should be considered in every child who presents with suspicious genital anomalies.
Investigation of Health Anxiety about COVID-19 and the Related Assumptions about the World of Health Care Professionals and the General Public
Authors: n Nevin , ener rem , ur B
Published: October 2022

Aim: This study aimed to review the health anxiety and related assumptions about the world health care professionals and members of the public concerning COVID-19 as well as the factors affecting these.
Materials and Methods: This study was descriptive, cross-sectional, and correlational. The Personal Information Form (PIF), Health Anxiety Inventory (HAI), and World Assumptions Scale (WAS) were used to collect data.
Results: 56.6% of the participants were health care professionals. The WAS total scores differed by gender, marital status, and educational background (p<0.05). The HAI scores differed by gender, willingness to visit dining and shopping venues after the pandemic, house cleaning, social distancing, and the perception of how the world changed after the COVID-19 pandemic (p<0.05). The Mean HAI scores of the members of the general public and health care professionals were found to be 16.42 ± 6.21 and 15.96 ± 6.37 respectively. The mean WAS scores of the members of the public and health care professionals were found to be 107.40 ± 22.15 and 109.27 ± 19.84 respectively.
A statistically significant relationship was determined between the HAI and luck (fortune), self- worth, and the WAS total scores (p<0.05). The linear regression model, used to examine the effect of demographic characteristics on the WAS score, was discovered to have statistical significance (F=4.180; p<0.001). Linear regression models were also used to examine the effect of demographic characteristics on the HAI score (F=6.458, p<0.001), and the effect of the WAS sub-dimension scores on anxiety (F=3.399; p=0.003), and they were both found to be statistically significant. Accordingly, the anxiety score decreased by 0.327 as the self- worth score increased by 1 (p=0.001).
Conclusion: The anxiety experienced by health care workers and other individuals, as well as their assumptions about the world, were similar, according to this study, which was conducted near the end of the COVID-19 outbreak. However, it was determined that the pandemic had led to differences in perceptions about daily life and the well-being of the world.
RENAL INVOLVEMENT IN AA AMYLOIDOSIS: A SINGLE-CENTER EXPERIENCE WITH CLINICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL DATA
Authors: Oruc Meric , Kayipmaz Sukran
Published: October 2022

Objective
We aimed to evaluate clinicopathological features in patients with renal amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis to analyze the impact of renal biopsy on renal and patient outcomes.
Materials and Methods
We retrospectively collected data regarding baseline and follow-up clinical and laboratory features. The same pathologist scored each kidney biopsy specimen according to amyloid distrubition and amount with tubulointerstitial findings. We added all scores and obtained renal amyloid prognostic score (RAPS) and then divided patients into three RAPS grades (RAPS grade I, II, III).
Results
Eighteen patients (male,72.2%) with a median age of 51.5 (IQR, 45-58.3) years were included in the study. The most common disease related to AA amyloidosis was previous tuberculosis (33.3%). Median serum creatinine of patients at renal biopsy time was 1.61 (IQR, 0.91-2.89) mg/dL with a median 24-h protein excretion, 6.8 [IQR, 4.6-8.9] g/day. 100%, 94.4%, 55.6% of patients’ renal biopsies had vascular, glomerular (mostly diffuse mesangiocapillary) and interstitial amyloid depositions. RAPS grade I, II and III were detected in 5.6%, 27.8% and 66.7% of the patients, respectively. Ten patients (55.5%) reached end-stage renal disease (ESRD) at a median time of 15 (IQR, 2.3-32.3) months post-biopsy. ESRD was correlated with interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy (r=0.608, P=0.01). Death-censored renal survival rates at 1,3 and 5 years were 83.3%, 58.7% and 43.5%, respectively. Six patients (33.3%) died. Patient survival rates at 1,3 and 5 years were 88.9%, 69.6 and 55.7%, respectively.
Conclusion
Early diagnosis of AA amyloidosis with renal biopsy and scoring biopsy specimen according to amyloid distribution with other histopathological findings may be useful to manage the disease and predict the prognosis.
DARS2 to distinguish squamous cell carcinoma from keratoacanthoma
Investigation of biomarker properties
Authors: Ucer Ozlem , Kocaman Nevin
Published: October 2022

Objective: In this study, in the differential diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma (CHC) and keratoacanthoma (CA)
It was aimed to investigate the efficiency of DARS2 protein expression.
Methods: A total of 60 cases, consisting of 30 SCC and 30 CA, diagnosed in Fırat University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, were examined immunohistochemically by studying the DARS2 protein.
Results: DARS2 expression values were found to be statistically significant in the differential diagnosis of SCC and CA (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The marker we used in our study was found to be useful in the differential diagnosis of SCC and CA, and we believe that further molecular and genetic studies will facilitate the correct diagnosis.
IS THE REITERATION OF EXTRACORPOREAL SHOCK WAVE THERAPY BENEFICIAL TO ENHANCE THE BONE INTEGRITY IN TYPE 1 DIABETIC RATS?
Authors: ZKAN ENES , EVMEK BET , BEREKET MEHMET
Published: October 2022

Objective: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is an important endocrine disease that causes disorders in the musculoskeletal system. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) may be effective in the improvement of these disorders due to its reported anabolic effects.
Material and Methods: The effects of unfocused shock waves on the mandible in healthy and diabetic rats were investigated. 36 wistar albino rats were used and randomly divided into 4 groups: non-diabetic control (n-cont), non-diabetic eswt (n-eswt), diabetic control (d-cont), diabetic eswt (d-eswt). Geometric structure, bone mineral density (BMD) and biomechanical properties of the mandibles were analyzed. Datas were statistically analyzed by one-way variance analysis and Tukey post-hoc test.
Results: According to the results, BMD was lower in the diabetic groups. There was no significant increase in ESWT groups. The surface area of the mandible was significantly lower in the diabetic groups than in the n-cont group. However, it was significantly higher in the d-eswt group than in the d-cont group. Ultimate load values were found to be significantly lower in the d-eswt group than in the d-cont group. While there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of stiffness, ultimate strain and young modulus, lower ultimate stress values were observed in the d-eswt group compared to the d-cont group.
Conclusions: As a result, type 1 Diabetes Mellitus caused a decrease in bone dimensions and bone mineral density, but did not affect the biomechanical properties. Interestingly, ESWT application caused the bone to be more fragile in diabetics