bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of the Textile Composite Adaptive Blade of Small Wind Turbine
Authors: Chen Xiao Dong , Kuang Mei Ling , Jiang Ya Ming
Published: September 2011

This paper is mainly to design the small wind turbine blades to make the wind turbines have automatic braking ability. This study has two main aspects, including choosing the reinforced materials and designing the structure of the blades. According to the fiber hybrid principle, carbon fibers are employed in the main stress area of the blades and other area using glass fiber. At the same time, Aramid fibers are mixed in every area of the blade in order to enhance the tenacity of the blade. The other work is designing the structure of the blade with big main body and small abdomen which twists easily. At the designed wind speed, the power output reaches its rated capacity. Above this wind speed, turbine blades twist to adapt to wind speed and make the rotor solidity of wind turbine declined. While the wind speed changes and becomes small, the torsion of wind turbines’ blades turns back. Thus the wind turbines’ rotor solidity becomes greater and power output increases. So at a certain speed ( 36m/s), the wind turbine can adjusts itself to control the power output keeps on a certain level. And then it brakes by itself.
The Structure and Properties of Nano Silver Antibacterial Polyester Fabrics
Authors: Zhou Ting Ting , Lin Hong , Chen Yu Yue
Published: September 2011

The homemade amino-terminated hyperbranched polymer (HBP-NH2) was applied as a reducing agent to prepare nano silver. A suitable finishing process was proposed to treat polyester fabrics with nano silver solutions. The distribution and morphology of nano silver on the surface of polyester fiber were observed by SEM. EDS analysis was carried out to investigate element contents of the treated polyester fabrics. The FT-IR spectra, physical mechanical properties and antibacterial activities of nano silver antibacterial polyester fabrics had been tested and compared with common polyester fabrics. The results showed that nano silver particles dispersed uniformly on the surface of the fiber. The treated polyester fabrics attained excellent antibacterial activity and washing durability. The nano silver antibacterial polyester fabrics had an expansive application prospect.
Study on the Relationship between Structures and Properties of Kevlar String
Authors: Zan Xiu Ping , Li Jing , Yang Cai Yun
Published: September 2011

The relationship between structures and properties of Kevlar string was studied scarcely before, although the string was used in aerospace, spaceflight, ocean and the like. Kevlar braiding strings were designed and braided with different braiding angle, different core yarn content and different twist, and stretching properties were measured and analysed in the paper. The result shows that the bigger braiding angle is and the more core yarn content is, the higher break load is and the lower break elongation is. Besides, rupture analysis proves that braiding Kevlar bundles take hold of core Kevlar bundles tightly, both form an inseparable integrity almost during stretching. As a result, a special phenomena occurs, core Kevlar bundles are broken into several segments.
Research on the Distributions of Thick and Thin Defects in the Electronic Testing for Raw Silk
Authors: Hu Qi , Wang Qiong , Xu Jian Mei , Niu Jian Tao , Bai Lun
Published: September 2011

Thick defects and thin defects are the important targets of assessing the quality of the raw silk. To rationally establish the grading standards of raw silk, the frequency distributions of thick and thin defects of the raw silk should be found out. For this purpose, tests by the raw silk electronic detector were done to investigate the frequency distributions of thick and thin defects in the electronic testing for raw silk, and the fact that the thick and thin defects appropriately take negative binomial distribution as well as Neyman distribution in the electronic testing was confirmed by fitting test.
Study on Wearability of Multi-Component Blended Fabrics
Authors: Zhang Hong Xia , Wu Xian Xian , Li Yan Qing , Tian Wei , Zhu Cheng Yan
Published: September 2011

In order to study the wearability of multi-component blended fabrics, there are 9 kinds of fabrics which belong to A, B and C three series were woven. They were blended with different proportions e.g. PTT, PLA, Cooldry, triangular shaped polyester yarn, cotton, hemp, viscose, conductive filament, and so on. Anti-pilling property, crease recovery, drapability, moisture transmission and air permeability of the fabrics were tested and analyzed. From the test results, following conclusions can be gotten. 1) The anti-pilling property is good for fabrics with tighter weave construction; 2) The crease recovery is good for fabrics with smaller weft density; 3) The moisture permeability is good for fabrics with smaller tightness; 4) The crease resistance, drapability, moisture permeability and air permeability of the fabrics can be improved by looser weave construction and smaller binding point.
Study of Polyacrylate Sizing Agents Modified by Ethanol/PSt and Nano-TiO2/PSt Core-Shell Hybrid Particles
Authors: Jin Xiao , Cui Jian Wei
Published: September 2011

This paper stated the preparation of nano-TiO2 via Sol-Gel method and modification of nano-TiO2 by coupling agent—MPS. Then Ethanol/PSt and nano-TiO2/PSt core-shell hybrid particles were prepared via miniemulsion polymerization by using the cationic surfactant Cetyl Trimethylammonium Bromide as emulsifier and Cyclohexane as co-stabilizer. These two hybrid nano-particles were added to the sizing agent—SX-5 respectively, to determine the sizing agents’ adhesive force to Terylene (T) and Terylene/Cotton (T/C) yarns respectively via roving method. The breaking strength and hairiness number of T/C yarns were determined by single yarns’ sizing method. The adhesive force of T and T/C yarns, breaking strength and hairiness number of T/C ones, showed that small size effect, high fluidity, and high surface energy caused by large specific surface area of hybrid nano-latices would make a great contribution to sizing properties.
Test and Research to the Dank Ratio of Woven Filtering Fabric
Authors: Yao Gui Fen , Yin Jian Hua , Liu Hai Wen
Published: September 2011

No matter for clothes fabric or industry fabric, the water permeability is an important performance indicator. In order to explore relationship of the water permeability of woven filtering fabrics with the fabric structure parameters, we design sixteen fabric. According to the national standards of determination of water permeability of woven filtering fabric, we test the dank ratio of the design fabric. In this paper we analysis the water permeability and structure parameter of woven filtering fabric with test the quality of water on some time through woven fabrics. We calculated the dank ratio from the water permeable quality and other parameters. The results indicate that, the effect of fabric texture on the dank ratio of woven fabrics is that the dank ratio of the plain weave is the smallest and the satin weave is the biggest. In addition, the relationship between overall covering factor and water permeability showed that the water permeability decreases along with the overall covering factor increasing. A linear regression equation between dank ratio and overall covering factor is get from the test results. In order to get big dank ratio, we should produce fabric with satin weave and lower overall covering factor.
Silver Nanoparticles by Amino-Terminated Hyperbranched Polymer : Characterization and Antimicrobial Property on Cotton
Authors: Lin Hong , Chen Ling , Zhang De Suo , Chen Yu Yue
Published: September 2011

A hyperbranched polymer (HBP-NH2) acting as a reducing agent and stablizer agent has been synthesized to investigate the stability of silver nanoparticles antimicrobial agent, which were prepared in a hyperbranched polymer matrix by a reaction with silver nitrate solution. The antimicrobial agents generated were characterized by different spectroscopic and analytical techniques such as DLS, TEM and UV-vis, which conﬁrm the formation of well-dispersed silver nanoparticles with average size around 12.0 nm. Furthermore, antimicrobial and mechanical properties of nanosilver treated cotton fabrics were investigated. The results showed that stable silver nanoparticles collide solution with 12 nm, applied on cotton fabric under certain condition, could produce ideal antibacterial rate over 94% against both Escherichia coli (E.coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) even after 50 consecutive washings.
Preparation and Properties of PTFE/SA Blend Membrane
Authors: Li Liang , Xiao Chang Fa , Huang Qing Lin , Hu Xiao Yu
Published: September 2011

Poly (tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE)/Salt alginate (SA) flat membranes were prepared from a mixture of PTFE concentrated dispersion and Sodium alginate (NaAlg) aqueous solution. The chemical constitutions of the PTFE/SA membranes before and after sintering were investigated with FTIR. Meanwhile, TGA and contact angle to water were utilized to analyze the thermal stability and hydrophobic property. Moreover, effects of sintering conditions on the properties and morphologies of the membranes were also investigated. Results showed that SA was decomposed in the sintering process, and the membranes maintained excellent thermal stability and strong hydrophobicity. In addition, it was beneficial for the membranes to obtain high air flux by short sintering time and the membranes had different surface morphologies by different cooling rates.
Study on Mechanical Properties of the Tubular Textile Composite Using Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Zhang Shu Jie , Wang Rui , Ma Chong Qi
Published: September 2011

The tubular textile composite material as the liner is inversed in the pipeline by gas or water pressure, and then the damaged pipeline can be rehabilitated. During inversion, because of the inversion pressure, the tubular textile composite material must endure the complicated stress and strain. Adopting the Finite Element Analysis, the paper analyzed the stress and strain of the tubular textile composite during inversion, and the finite element simulation data compared with test data. The results show that the stress and strain in head of the tubular textile composite material during inversion is instability, where the stress is concentrative, so the head of the tubular textile composite material is easy to break.
Research on the Rheological Properties of Polyphenylene Sulfide (PPS) Resin
Authors: Xiang Peng Wei , Zhang Rui Ping , Niu Mei , Guo Xue Ping , Bai Qi Rong
Published: September 2011

Using capillary rheometer to study PPS temperature, shear rate, activation energy of viscous flow. Experiments show that with the increase of shear rate, apparent viscosity decreased. As the apparent viscosity is affected by temperature, so when the temperature increased, the apparent viscosity also decreased. It also indicates that the higher the shear rate comes, the lower the impact of temperature on the apparent viscosity is. As the temperature increased, non-Newtonian index (n) increased and tended to 1, PPS melt is pseudoplastic fluid. The activation energy of viscous flow of PPS decreased with the increasing of the shear rate. In addition, with the increasing of temperature, structural viscosity index felt regularly.
Study on Biological Effect Protection of Electromagnetic Radiation Shielding Fabric
Authors: Wang Xuan
Published: September 2011

In this study, electromagnetic radiation (EMR) shielding fabric was coated by Carbonyl Iron and Nickel powder. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measure was applied to test the existence of Carbonyl Iron and Nickel. In order to study protective performance of EMR shielding fabric for living body, tests on biological effect protection were proceeded respectively using EMR shielding fabric, stainless steel fiber blend fabric and common fabric of the same specification. The results showed that colony forming unit-granulocyte and macrophage (CFU-GM), which expressed the ability of the mice’s hematopoietic function, were obviously improved after using shielding fabric. And all the other biological characterizations of the life that covered the EMR shielding fabric and stainless steel fiber blend fabric were better than that that covered common fabric. Moreover, The EMR shielding fabrics had better protective effect than pure stainless steel fiber blended fabric. The parameters of the Carbonyl Iron and Nickel coated and the stainless steel fiber were the significantly factors to affect the shielding property.
Enhanced Luminescence Properties of Hexagonal-Phase NaYF4: Eu3+ Microrods by Annealing Treatment
Authors: Zhang Wen Kui , Weng Xian Xian , Huang Hui , Tao Xin Yong
Published: September 2011

Hexagonal phase NaYF4: Eu3+ materials were successfully synthesized by a facile EDTA-assisted hydrothermal route. The microstructure, morphology and luminescence property of the as-synthesized samples were characterized by XRD, XPS, SEM, TEM, HRTEM and photoluminescence (PL) spectra. The pristine NaYF4: Eu3+ microprisms have uniform size and morphology with 3-4 micrometers in length and ca. 500 nm in diameter. The annealing treatment afterwards achieved high crystallinity, and moreover, had a remarkable influence on morphologies of the NaYF4: Eu3+ sample. In comparison with the pristine sample, the annealed NaYF4: Eu3+ microcrystals had a markedly enhancement of down-conversion (DC) luminescence properties, which may be due to the high crystallinity and large surface roughness resulted from annealing treatment.
Optimum Design of Composite Armor against Transverse Impact
Authors: Zhang Jian Guang , Zhu Zhen Qiang , Ma De Quan , Wang Rong Guo , He Xiao Dong
Published: September 2011

This study presents an effective methodology for the optimum design of two-component armor. The armor consists of two plates: one is boron carbide ceramic and the other is kevlar/epoxy composites. The effect of the thickness of two plates on the ballistic limit velocities of the armor was investigated by Florence model. A finite element model was created using MSC.DYTRAN to simulate the impact of a rigid projectile on the composite armor. The optimum thickness of the ceramic and composite was obtained by evaluating the ballistic resistance efficiency.
Determination of Mechanics Properties of a Piezoelectric Material Using Indentation Method with a Cylindrical Indenter
Authors: Zhao Bin
Published: September 2011

The Finite Element Method (FEM) was used for axisymmetric indentation to investigate mechanics properties of piezoelectric solids (PZT-5H). Since piezoelectric materials are usually treated as transversely isotropic elastic materials, a simple linear relationship between indentation load P and indentation displacement h was presented under a cylindrical indenter. Three different cases (uncouple mechanical case, poled substrate-insulating indenter and poled substrate-conducting indenter) were taken into consideration to study indentation responses. The results showed that polarization could more easily damage the poled substrate than the uncoupled case. At the same displacement the highest indentation load existed in the poled/insulating case and the lowest one was in the uncoupled case because of the polarization influence. Electric potential distributions were given to study the direct piezoelectric effects and the electromechanical phenomena. In addition elastic modulus, contact stiffness, and piezoelectric strain constant were calculated directly through the use of the FEM. The determination of the poling direction is another use for the indentation technique, and the discussion of indentation size effect shows that a bigger indenter is followed by a larger indentation load.
Electrosyntheses and Electrochromic Properies of a Copoymer Based on 9-(4-Pyrrol-1-Yl-Phenyl)-Carbazole and 3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene
Authors: Hu Bin , Ouyang Mi , Lv Xiao Jing , Zhang Cheng
Published: September 2011

A copolymer based on 9-(4-pyrrol-1-yl-phenyl)-carbazole(PPC) and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene(EDOT) was electrochemically synthesized and characterized. The copolymer film not only presented a stable and well-defined redox process, but also exhibited three different colours(orange, green and greenish blue) under various applied potentials. Maximum optical contrast(△T%) and response time of the film were found to be 31% and 2 s at 1100 nm, respectively.
Theoretical Study on Photochromism and Spectrum Properties of Spiropyran
Authors: Zhang Dong Jiu , Cheng Hai Feng , Chu Zeng Yong , Zhang Chao Yang , Xing Xin
Published: September 2011

In order to elucidate the mechanism of photochromism and spectrum properties observed for spiropyran, the model complexes of spiropyran, in which different substituent and structure are key factors, have been optimized by using ab initio and hybrid DFT programs. The primary relationship between the substituent species and structure and photochromism was given by simulation calculation.
Theoretical Study on σ-Complexes in Ring-Chlorination of Toluene
Authors: He Guang Yu , Chen Hai Qun , Shi Jian , Bei Feng Li , Sun Xiao Qiang , Wang Xin
Published: September 2011

Theoretical studies on mechanism of mutual conversion between σ-complexes and the solvent effect in ring-chlorination of toluene were performed with density functional theory (DFT). All geometry optimizations, intrinsic reaction coordinate calculations and frequency analyses were carried out at B3LYP/6-311G** level. Calculation results indicate that ortho-, meta- and para-complexes can convert mutually by overcoming a π-complex structured transition state. It was also confirmed that the mutual conversion between ortho- and para- complexes can occur directly which give answer to the experimental result that ortho-chlorotoluene (OCT) and para- chlorotoluene (PCT) are predominant products while meta-chlorotoluene (MCT) shares less than one percent in total products. In addition, a theoretical investigation of solvent effect was carried out at the same level via Onsager model, where all stagnation points were optimized completely using toluene as solvent. The free energies and activating free energies were also calculated at the same level, which decrease due to solvent effect, suggesting that it is better for toluene to be ring-chlorinated in liquid phase than in gas phase, which is in agreement with experimental results.
Relation between the Reflectivity and the Moisture Content of the Dynamic Moisture Transfer of Fabrics
Authors: Cao Jian Da , Wu Xuan Run
Published: September 2011

In this paper, we used spectrophotometric measurement to get the reflectance values of experimental samples and discussed relation between the reflectivity and the moisture content. By measured curves of reflectivity and the wavelength of 47 samples from 0 to 30 minutes we had found that the reflectance difference was the largest when the wavelength in the 600-700nm wavelength,it could help us to distinguish dynamic surface moisture performance at different time points, so, the paper had selected the reflectivity in wavelength 650nm as the feature value. Using the reflectance had established the linear model of moisture content, the results showed that: R2 value of the determination coefficient of the linear regression model is 0.9979, almost close to 1, it had indicated that the reflectivity as the feature value could be used to predict fabric moisture content.
Preparation and Thermal Decomposition of the Polyoxometalate Complexes of Ciprofloxacin with HnXW12O40 (X=B, Si, P)
Authors: Wang Dun Jia , Kang Yan Fang , Xu Ben Po
Published: September 2011

The polyoxometalate complexes of ciprofloxacin with HnXW12O40(X=B, Si, P) were prepared from ciprofloxacin hydrochloride and HnXW12O40·nH2O (X=B, Si, P) in aqueous solution, and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectra and TG-DTA. The IR spectrum confirmed the presence of Keggin-type anion of heteropoly acids and the characteristic functional group of ciprofloxacin after the polyoxometalate complexes are formed. The TG/DTA curves showed that their thermal decomposition was a more-steps process consisting of simultaneous processes involving also Keggin anion. The residue of decomposition is a mixture of WO3and B2O3, SiO2or P2O5, confirmed by X-ray diffraction and IR spectroscopy. And the possible thermal decomposition mechanisms of the complexes are proposed.
Fundamental Characteristics of SiC MIS Structure with Al2O3 as Gate Dielectric
Authors: Liu Li , Ma Xiao Hua , Yang Yin Tang
Published: September 2011

SiC MIS structure with ultra-thin Al2O3as gate dielectric deposited by Atomic Layer Deposition(ALD) on epitaxial layer of 4H-SiC(0001)80N-/N+ substrate is fabricated. The experimental results indicate that the prepared ultra Al2O3gate dielectric exhibits good physical and electrical characteristics, including a high breakdown electrical field of 25MV/cm, excellent interface properties(2×1013cm-2•eV-1) and low gate-leakage current (IG=1×10-3A/㎝-2@EOX=8MV/cm). Analysis of current conduction mechanism in deposited Al2O3gate dielectric has also been systematically performed. The confirmed conduction mechanisms consisted of FP emission, FN tunneling, DT and Schottky emission. And the dominance of these current conduction mechanisms depended on applied electrical field, When the gate leakage current mechanism is dominated by FN tunneling, the barrier height of SiC/Al2O3is 1.4eV, which can meet the requirement of SiC MISFET devices.
Study and Analysis on Pile-Soil Stress Ratio of the Composite Foundation of Cement-Soil Mixing Pile under Flexible Foundation
Authors: Yang Xiao Rong , Zhang Lei Yu , Li Hai Chao , Dong Li Ying
Published: September 2011

In order to analyze the characteristics of pile-soil stress ratio of the composite foundation of cement-soil mixing pile under flexible foundation, this paper points out the displacement mode of friction pile; According to the deformation characteristic of friction pile, ascertain the neutral point of composite foundation. And this paper also derives the exact formula about length-stress ratio which addresses the problem of soft soil foundation according to the deformation co-ordination conditions of the pile composite foundation. The calculation of actual example proves that the formula about pile-soil stress ratio is in accordance with actual measurement number. The pile-soil stress ratio which addresses the problem of soft soil foundation is generally between 2~4. If other conditions keep invariable, pile-soil stress ratio become big when cushion modulus become big. Cushion modulus effect the length-stress ratio greatly.
Mechanism of Silicon/Carbon Reaction for β-SiC Bonded SiC Materials
Authors: Lv Chun Jiang , Yang Yang , Liu Zhen , Li Long Fei , Chang Cheng , Gong Jian Feng
Published: September 2011

Based on industrial silicon and carbon black as starting materials,β-SiC bonded SiC materials were prepared. The microstructure of such material and the silicon/carbon reaction were analyzed and investigated by XRD, SEM and other tools. The results indicate that the synthesis of β-SiC at 1400°C can be achieved through gas-phase mass transfer, liquid dissolution as well as in-situ reaction. While gas-phase mass transfer is the dominant reaction during the sintering of the material, in which β-SiC exists mainly as nanowhisker. The formation of β-SiC nanowires is believed to be the mechanism of reaction sintering.
Effects of Phenolic Oligomer on the Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Nitrile Butadiene Rubber
Authors: Su Chang , He Pan , Xu Li Huan , Zhang Cheng
Published: September 2011

In this article, the damping mechanism of organic hybrids consisting of Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBR) and phenolic oligomer 4-methyl-pheno reaction products of both dicyclopentadiene and isobutylene (MPDI) were investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). It was shown that NBR/MPDI blends exhibit only one damping peak, which shifted to higher temperature with the increase of MPDI content, and the maximum of tan δ peak decreased slightly when the ratio of NBR/MPDI was no more than 100/20, and then increased when the ratio rised from 100/20 to 100/80. Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR) showed that the hydrogen bond were formed between -OH of MPDI and a-H of NBR. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements indicated that MPDI exhibit amorphous features, which was compatible with the blends. These may imply that much more stable damping material with both higher tan δ peak and controllable damping peak position can be achieved.
Study of Prediction Model for Compressive Strength of Lightweight Aggregate Concrete
Authors: Cui H. Z.
Published: September 2011

This paper presents studies of prediction of compressive strength of lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC). In order to choose the optimized prediction model, the prediction models based on different parameters, which included compressive strength of mortar matrix, volume content of lightweight aggregate (LWA), crushing strength of LWA, particle density of LWA and shape index of LWA, were analyzed and compared. For LWAC, due to the effect of LWA on LWAC is more obvious than the effect of mortar matrix, therefore, a prediction model that just used LWA properties to serve as parameters of prediction model can predict LWAC strength. The LWA properties included volume content, crushing strength, particle density and shape index. As long as the LWA properties are known, the advantage of the model is that LWAC strength can be predicted. The best prediction discrepancy of 12.9% compared with the experimental results.
Research on Seismic Behavior and Cost Estimation of a New Concrete Filled Steel Tube Frame Structure
Authors: Wang Ying , Li Xin Yang , Zhang Ming
Published: September 2011

A new concrete filled steel tube (CFT) frame structure was developed by using self-compacting concrete (SCC). Experimental work was done in order to investigate seismic behavior of the new CFT frame structure. The experiment result shows that sufficient deformation capacity is able to be obtained in PC bar jointed CFT column-beam joint specimens. Cost estimation and comparison result of the new CFT frame structure and steel frame structure system were also be described.
Influence of the Strain of AlN Buffer Layer on the Strain Evolution of GaN Epilayer Grown on 3-in 6H-SiC Substrate
Authors: Fang Yu Long , Yin Jia Yun , Feng Zhi Hong
Published: September 2011

The influence of the strain of AlN buffer layers on the strain evolution of GaN epilayers grown on 3-in 6H-SiC substrates by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition was investigated by double-crystal X-ray diffractometry, and Raman scattering spectra. It was found that the tensile strain of the GaN epilayers mainly decreases with the strain of the AlN buffer layers varied from tensile to compressive. A model based on the strain evolution during the epitaxial growth is proposed to provide a valuable reference for the massive production of large scale and high quality GaN epilayers.
Bioactivity and Biocompatibility of Na2O-K2O-CaO-MgO-SrO-B2O3-P2O5 Borophosphate Glass
Authors: Zheng Kai , Yang Sheng Bing , Liang Wen , Rüssel Christian
Published: September 2011

A novel Na2O-K2O-CaO-MgO-SrO-B2O3-P2O5borophosphate glass is prepared by melting method. The thermal properties have been examined by differential thermal analysis (DTA) and viscosity measurement. The bioactivity of the glass is measured via soaking the glass in the SBF solution at 37 °C for different time. The reaction of the glass in the SBF solution is characterized by XRD, FTIR and SEM. The results indicate that the carbonate hydroxyapatite deposit on the glass in less than 7 days. Cell attachment, spreading and proliferation on the glass is determined by MTT [3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide] assay method using Human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells. The borophosphate glass fiber is also drawn and the tensile strength is measured. The results suggest the borophosphate glass has a good potential to be a scaffold material for bone tissue engineering.
The Foreground Analysis of Sewage Sludge Agriculture Application in China
Authors: Yu Jie
Published: September 2011

The problem and several restricted factors of agriculture application of sewage sludge are analyzed at home and abroad. Meanwhile, this paper points out that the several restricted factors of agriculture application include mainly: hazardous chemical matters and heavy metal, receptivity of farmers and consumers to the product of sewage sludge, perfect policy and criterion standards, disposing charge of sewage sludge. The several restricted factors of agriculture application should be resolved if sewage sludge is used safely and environment.
Synthesis of Flavor 3-Methylthiopropionaldehyde Diethyl Acetal
Authors: Guan Wei , Liu Yu Ping , Miao Zhi Wei , Shen De Li , Cao Yu
Published: September 2011

3-Methylthiopropionaldehyde diethyl acetal was synthesized from the reaction of 3-methylthiopropional with ethanol and triethyl orthoformate. The effecting factors including the kinds of catalyst, the mole ratio of raw materials, the amount of catalyst and the reaction time were optimized. The structure of product was characterized by gas chromatography, infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance. Additionally, the mechanism of the reaction was speculated; the odor characteristics were evaluated.
Synthesis of LiFePO4/C by Carbon Thermal Reduction Method and its Electrochemical Properties
Authors: Chen Chao , Zhang Yun , Wang Fu , Zou Ji Zhou
Published: September 2011

LiFePO4/C were successfully synthesized by carbon thermal reduction method at sintering temperature of 650 °C for 12h, using Li2CO3, FePO4 and three organic carbon sources (citric acid, glucose and ascorbic acid) as starting materials. The crystal structure, morphology and electrochemical performances were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Charge/Discharge Test. The results showed that the sample using glucose as carbon source was shuttle type porous particles with bore diameter from 50 to 100 nm, charge/discharge test showed that the sample had not only high initial discharge capacity of 155.1mAh/g at 0.1C (17mA/g), and 144.8 mAh/g at 1C, but also excellent rate performance. Moreover, the capacities lose which was only 0.97% after 10 cycling number at 1C indicate its good cycling stability.
Flocculation Removal of Microcystis Aeruginosa by Chitosan-Bentonite Compound Material
Authors: Zheng Bin Guo , Peng Wei Gong , Zhang Ji Biao , Zheng Zheng
Published: September 2011

Harmful algal blooms have long been an issue worldwide owing to their adverse effects on drinking water treatment processes as well as drinking water quality. In this paper, chitosan-bentonite compound material was prepared by the supporting of chitosan on pillared bentonite and used for removal of harmful algae from water. The results showed that the compound material was effective for the removal of cyanobacterial Microcystis aeruginosa.
Preparation of Cu2ZnSnS4 Film by Printing Process for Low-Cost Solar Cell
Authors: Chen Qin Miao , Dou Xiao Ming , Li Zhen Qing , Cheng Shu Yi , Zhuang Song Lin
Published: September 2011

Cu2ZnSnS4(CZTS) film was prepared by screen printing process with the advantages of simple, high-effective and cost-effective. The annealing effects on the screen printed CZTS films were studied. It was found that the crystallinity of the CZTS can be effectively improved by the annealing process, whereas overlong annealing can also introduce defects to the CZTS. The bandgap value of the CZTS is about 1.4 eV. The short-circuit current density, open-circuit voltage, fill factor and conversion efficiency of the best solar cell with superstrate structure of Carbon/CZTS/In2S3/TiO2/FTO glass (without using any vacuum conditions) are 6.20 mA/cm2, 290 mV, 0.29 and 0.53%, respectively.
The Effect of Concentration of Phosphoric Acid on the Degree of Reduction of VPO Catalyst
Authors: Zhang Yan Lin , Zhou Yang , Hou Dian Hui , Fan Xi Wu , Tan Nai Di
Published: September 2011

Making VPO catalyst in the condition of different concentrations of Phosphoric acid and the temperatures，determine the average valence of vanadium. with the method of Potassium permanganate-Ferrous ammonium sulfate, to investigate the effect of different concentration of phosphoric acid on the average valence of catalyst, under the different temperatures. The structure, composition, crystal, and the Particle size has been characterized by XRD and SEM. The results confirmed that compare with higher concentration of phosphoric acid，the catalyst that were made with lower concentration phosphoric acid had the low average valence, greater specific surface area, better crystallinity, and more compact structure.
Preparation and Properties of Bacterial Poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) Fibers
Authors: Wang Lu , Ding Chang Kun , Shi Hao Bo , Cheng Bo Wen , Qiong Wu
Published: September 2011

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) is biosynthetic aliphatic polyester with good biocompatibility and biodegradability. In this paper, PHBV biodegradable fibers were manufactured by melt-spinning, and the drawing procedure and heat setting of the fibers were applied. By X-ray diffraction, SEM and stress-strain measurements, the crystalline and mechanical properties of PHBV fibers were investigated. The results showed that β-form crystals were obtained in some PHBV fibers. Surface fibrillation phenomenon occurred in the oriented PHBV fibers. The tensile strength of PHBV fibers increased with increasing the draw ratio. The tensile strength of 10 times stretched PHBV fibers can reach 227 MPa.
The Modification of VPO Catalyst Precursor and Characterization
Authors: Zhang Yan Lin , Hou Dian Hui , Zhou Yang , Fan Xi Wu , Tan Nai Di
Published: September 2011

Tween 60 and Tween 80 as dispersant had been adding in the preparation process to increase the surface area of VPO catalysts. XRD、 XPS and TEM characterization tests show that the crystalline phase and the catalyst surface area of adding surfactant Tween 60 and Tween 80 are different from that did not. Although the two types of crystalline phase are to (VO)2P2O7but their microscopic structures are different and found that the surface area of the former is 35-40m2/ g, while the surface area without adding surfactants is only 19m2/ g.
Effect of Pretreatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine Residue on the Biogas Productivity
Authors: Li Yu Ying , Gao Wan Li , Du Min Hua , Li Jie , Cui Zong Jun , Cheng Xu
Published: September 2011

The object of this study is to open the new ways of exploitation and utilization of traditional Chinese medicine residue (TCMR) as new energy material to produce biogas through indoor simulation tests. The experiment is carried out to study the effect of physical pretreatment by crusher on the biogas productivity of TCMR under medium temperature condition (35°C). TCMR is used as signal fermentation material without foreign elements which is 5% and cow dung is 10% for inoculum. The batch anaerobic digestion technology and the drainage collection biogas method are used. The results show that there is similar total biogas yield between the smashed TCMR and the unsmashed TCMR, of which the former is 9.35 L and the later is 9.28 L during 51 days fermentation. The biogas yield of smashed TCMR is higher than that of TCMR during fermentation starting period, and lower at the later stage. The results suggest that TCMR could be regarded as biogas fermentation material, and should not be smashed in order to economize the production cost.
Energy Consumption and Emissions Analysis of Natural Gas Exploitation
Authors: Gao You Shan , Wang Ai Hong
Published: September 2011

Abstract. This paper analyzed the primary energy consumption and emission of VOC, CO, NOx, SO2, PM, CO2, CH4, N2O during natural gas (NG) exploitation, it showing that more than 65% of VOC, NOX, SOx, CH4, CO2and greenhouse gas were discharged by electric energy and heat energy consumption during NG exploitation in all technique energy emission. Because of its important in NG exploitation, the consumption of electric energy and heat energy and its emissions produced should be reduced in order to reduce the emissions of NG exploitation.
Study on the Synthesis and Characterization of Polylactic Acid/Maleic Anhydride Copolymer
Authors: Chen You Ning , Zhang Jun Cai
Published: September 2011

Hydroxyl terminated lactic acid prepolymer was synthesized with poly ethylene glycol (PEG).The malaya acid anhydride modified PLA by fuse polymerization, and the different technological conditions (temperature, reaction time and so on) were discussed by the orthogonal design approach. The result of the orthogonal test indicated that, the product molecular weight had enhanced greatly with the Malaya acid anhydride and the PLEG mass ratio 1:15, at 130°C for 15h. The products were characterized by DSC, IR and SEM, Mechanics performance and water affinity performance of the products was determined, and the degradation behavior in vitro simulated bioenvironmental condition was studied. Mechanics performance was improved, and the good water affinity performance biodegradability was maintained.
The Thermal Properties of Polystyrene/Magnetic Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane (POSS ) Nanocomposites Prepared under Magnetic Field
Authors: Song Xiao Yan , Cheng Bo Wen , Xing Jin Feng
Published: September 2011

Polystyrene composites containing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS1) were prepared by bulk free radical polymerization under magnetic field and no magnetic field. XRD studies indicate dispersion of POSS1 in PS/POSS1 97/3 nanocomposites prepared under magnetic field is better than those prepared without magnetic field. The PS/POSS1 nanocomposites also display much higher initial decomposed temperature in comparison with neat PS. The initial decomposed temperature of PS/POSS1 nanocomposites prepared under magnetic filed are higher than those with same content of POSS1 without magnetic field.
Preparation of Imidacloprid Microemulsion and its Formula Optimization
Authors: Wu Ya Qian , Xia Hong Ying , Zhao Feng
Published: September 2011

Based on the combinational method of pseudo ternary phase diagram and orthogonal design and taking the study on the imidacloprid microemulsion as example, the method of preparing the pesticide microemulsion was creatively brought forward to remedy the situation of the lack of the research on compounding the microemulsion. The experimental results and the date analysis show that our method is simple and effective, and were expected to provide new ideas and technical methods for the development of pesticide microemulsion.
Numerical Simulation of the Change of Gas Hydrate Layer of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in Global Warming Situation
Authors: Qiao Yan Chao , Guo Zi Qi , Zhang Bao Gang , Shi Yao Lin
Published: September 2011

Using finite element method, we solve the heat conduction equation. In our calculation, we use 0.02 and 0.052 °C/year as temperature rising rate (Gt) in order to get the change of gas hydrate layer of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) in global warming situation. Our calculation’s major results are as follows: Our calculation demonstrates the gas hydrate layer’s surface temperature is one of the major factors which influence the thickness of gas hydrate layer (TGH). When Gt=0.02 and 0.052°C/year, the changes of TGH are almost same. The lower the ground surface temperature (GST), the more change of TGH. Therefore we need to monitor the Qiangtang plateau which has low surface temperature and good organic material.
Review on Research Status of Friction Stir Welding Technology
Authors: Zhang De Fen , Long Fei , Chen Xiao Wen , Wen Xiang Qian , Luo Hong Song
Published: September 2011

Friction stir welding(FSW) as a new，environmental and energy-saving solid phase joining technology has become the focus of research in the welding field at home and abroad in recent years. The technical characteristics，microstructure and application status of Friction Stir Welding were elaborated in this paper，meanwhile the studying situation of Friction stir welding for aluminium alloys, magnesium alloys and so on was stated. Finally development prospect of FSW in welding field was analyzed.
Experimental Study on the Deformation Performance of Cement-Stabilized Macadam Reinforced with Fiber
Authors: Zhang Chao , Wu Wei , Chen Rong Jun
Published: September 2011

By trying experiments on the dry-shrinkage and temperature-shrinkage performance, polypropylene fiber and glass fiber’s effect on the deformation performance of cement-stabilized macadam is researched. What’s more, the dry-shrinkage and temperature-shrinkage rule of fiber is discussed.
Illumination Control System and Drive Design of Large Power LED Lights
Authors: Li Chun Hua , Zhao Li , Hu Shan , Shen Li Yun
Published: September 2011

In view of the LED lights' high efficiency property, compared to the common driving circuit of large power LED, ARM microprocessor and Buck-Boost power converter are used to design the high efficiency LED lights' driving circuit. At the same time, PID adjustment mode is applied to realize Illumination control of the high efficiency LED lights, which improves the adjustable speed of the system and reduces the power loss. According the principle of design, experiment platform is rebuilt. Tests to the different kinds of lamps indicate that the driving is stable and realizes the Illumination setting and automatic Illumination adjustment.
Preparation and Properties of Alginate Fibre
Authors: Lian Yuan , Wu Jian Yi , Zhou Da Peng , Wang Hong Mei , Huang Dian Wu , Huang Yu Hong
Published: September 2011

Alginate fibre has attracted great attention in the area of biological medical materials due to its unique biological properties. But its low tenacity greatly hinders its application area. Therefore, the preparation technology of alginate fibre has been as an important research direction in this area in recent years. The purpose of this article is to prepare the calcium alginate fibre with good properties by wet spinning. The structure and properties of this fibre are analyzed by scanning electron microscope，infrared spectrometer，thermal gravimetric analyzer and DSC.
Effect of Bentonite Binder on Adsorption and Cation Exchange Properties of Granulated Nano NaY Zeolite
Authors: Charkhi Amir , Kazemeini Mohammad , Ahmadi Seyed Javad , Ammari Allahyari Sareh
Published: September 2011

In order to investigate the effect of bentonite binder on adsorption and cation exchange properties of granulated nano NaY zeolite, the adsorption of Xe and N2 and removal of Sr2+ ion from aqueous solution was studied. The results showed that increase in bentonite content of granules from 20 to 40 weight percent caused increase in the rupture load of granules by 232%, decrease in BET surface area by 66% and lower the Sr2+ uptake percentage by 35%. The Henry’s law constant, heat of adsorption, effective crystal diffusivity as well as activation energy of diffusion of Xe over granulated nano NaY with 25% bentonite was also measured by pulse chromatography method. Obtained results were compared with similar results of binderless micron sized NaY material. Results indicated that although the adsorption of xenon on the binder of bentonite was negligible, the diffusion resistance created by this binder was significant such that the effective crystal diffusivity in the granules with 25% binder determined to be 4302 percent lower than the granules with no binder.
The Semantics of the Modern Ceramic Products
Authors: Wang Chong Dong , Zhang Zhi Xian
Published: September 2011

Semantics is the study of the meaning of language learning. Semantics is the study of product form of the product symbol in the use of context features, and how to apply the knowledge in product creation. Ceramic products for both modern and beautiful because of their two properties and highly favored people. Ceramic product designer of consciousness, form, ideas, often through the collation and creation of mud, glaze, texture, firing and other semantic features to express and aspirations. And this eventually led to the demands of the continuous distillation of contemporary ceramic products in China re-opened to the door of modern ceramic art for daily use, a sharp self-semantic features.
Numerical Exploration of the Defect’s Effect on Mechanical Properties of Nanowires under Torsion
Authors: Zhan Hai Fei , Gu Yuan Tong , Yan Cheng , Yarlagadda Prasad K.D.V.
Published: September 2011

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been carried out to investigate the defect’s effect on the mechanical properties of single-crystal copper nanowire with different surface defects, under torsion deformation. The torsional rigidity is found insensitive to the surface defects and the critical angle appears an obvious decrease due to the surface defects, the largest decrease is found for the nanowire with surface horizon defect. The deformation mechanism appears different degrees of influence due to surface defects. The surface defects play a role of dislocation sources. Comparing with single intrinsic stacking faults formation for the perfect nanowire, much affluent deformation processes have been activated because of surface defects, for instance, we find the twins formation for the nanowire with a surface 45odefect.
Study on the Precision Forging Processes of Gears Using FEM Analysis
Authors: Zhang Qing Ping , Wang Yu Zeng , Cui Huan Yong
Published: September 2011

The precision forging processes for gears have advantages in saving material and energy consumption, reducing the cost and improving the quality of products. Gears have complicated geometries and are difficult in precision deformation. Two kinds of forging process of gears were put forward according to the structure characteristic of gears. 3D FEM model of the precision forging process of gears was established. The forming laws, material plastic behavior, changed geometries and the qualities of the workpieces are explored by finite element simulation. According to the simulation results, completely filled gear teeth were obtained using a lower forging load by the designed process which is the effective forging process for manufacturing of gears. From this study, it was expected that designed process could be efficiently used in the gear forging for practical use in the industry.
Study on Recarburization by a New Carbon-Manganese Alloy Carburant
Authors: Chen Jun , Liang Xin Teng , Zeng Jian Hua , Chen Tian Ming
Published: September 2011

In order to solve the problem of long melting time and low yield rate of carbon while blind coal is used to recarburize, a new carburant is developed to replace blind coal. Experiment results show that compared with the blind coal, the new carbon-manganese alloy carburant obtains a high smelting velocity, and the average carbon yield rate is 92.95%, which increase by 7.67%, the yield rate of manganese is 93.31%, which a little higher than other normal manganese alloys. After carbon-manganese alloy is used to recarburize, logistics time and power consumption are saved and the cost of steel-making is reduced by 1.05 ¥/t. In addition, there is little effect on the quality of steel.
Novel Active Disturbance Rejection Control for Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor without Sensor
Authors: Tang Chuan Sheng , Dai Yue Hong
Published: September 2011

A novel ADRC scheme is proposed for permanent magnet linear synchronous motor without sensor, which has nonlinear, multi-load disturbance and parameter time-varying characteristics. Extended states observer (ESO) in ADRC can real-time estimate speed, location and uncertain disturbance, and the parameters artificial is used to optimize by fish swarm algorithm. Finally, simulation results confirm the proposed strategy has better tracking performance and robustness than the traditional one.