bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A review of plug-and-perforate, ball-and-seat, and single-entry pinpoint fracturing performance in the unconventional montney reservoir
Authors: Yadali Jamaloei Benyamin
Published: December 2021

The Montney tight siltstone reservoir is a multi-stacked play, which covers a total area of 130,000 km2 along the Alberta–British Columbia border in Western Canada. Since the late 1990s, different fracturing methods and fluids have been tested in 4000-plus Montney wells to find the optimal fracturing method and fluid. The previous studies reviewing the performance of fracturing methods in Montney do not represent a holistic evaluation of these methods, owing to some limitations, including: (1) using a small sample size, (2) having a limited scope by focusing on a specific aspect of fracturing (method/fluid), (3) relying on data analytics approaches that offer limited subsurface insight, and (4) generating misleading results (e.g., on optimum fracturing method/fluid) through using disparate data that are unstructured and untrustworthy as a result of significant regional variations in true vertical depth (TVD), geological properties, fluid windows, completed lateral length, fracturing method/fluid/date, and drawdown rate management and choke size strategy. The present study eliminates these limitations by rigorously clustering 4000-plus Montney wells based on the TVD, fluid window, completed lateral length, fracturing method/fluid/date, and drawdown rate strategy to isolate the effect of each fracturing method by comparing each well’s production to that of its offsets, which use different fracturing methods but possess similar geology, fluid window, and TVD. With similar TVD, fracturing fluid, and completion date, wells completed with pinpoint fracturing method outperform their offsets completed with ball-and-seat and plug-and-perforate (PnP) fracturing methods. However, wells completed with ball-and-seat and PnP methods that outperform their offset pinpoint wells have either: (1) been fractured one to four years earlier than the pinpoint wells and/or (2) used energized oil-based fluid, hybrid fluid, and energized slickwater versus slickwater used in the pinpoint offsets. This suggests that the water-phase trapping is more severe in these pinpoint wells attributable to the use of slickwater. Previous studies often favored one specific fracturing method or fluid without highlighting these complex interplays between the type of fracturing method, fracturing fluid, completion date (regional depletion or well vintage), and the reservoir properties and hydrodynamics.
Towards a macroscopically consistent discrete method for granular materials: Delaunay strain-based formulation
Authors: Frenning Göran
Published: December 2021

We demonstrate that the Delaunay-based strain definition proposed by Bagi (Mech Mater 22:165–177, 1996) for granular media can be straightforwardly translated into a particle-based numerical method for continua. This method has a number of attractive features, including linear completeness and satisfaction of the patch test, exact conservation of linear and angular momenta in the absence of external forces and torques, and anti-symmetry of the gradient vectors for any two points not both on the boundary of the computational domain. The formulation in effect relies on nodal (particle) interpolation of the deformation gradient and is therefore inherently unstable. Drawing on the analogy with granular media, a pairwise interaction between particles is included to alleviate this issue. The underlying idea is to define a local, non-affine deformation of each bond or contact, and to introduce pairwise forces via a stored-energy functional expressed in terms of the corresponding local displacements. In this manner, a generalisation of the Ganzenmüller (Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 286:87–106, 2015) hourglass stabilisation procedure to non-central forces is obtained. The performance of the method is demonstrated in a range of problems. This work can be considered a first step towards the development of a macroscopically consistent discrete method for granular materials.
Materiality Assessment of Natural Capital Risks in Australian Forestry
Authors: Smith Greg S. , Ascui Francisco , O’Grady Anthony P. , Pinkard Elizabeth
Published: December 2021

Purpose of Review

Natural capital is a term for the stocks of natural assets (e.g. natural resources and ecosystems) that yield flows of ecosystem services that benefit the economy and human well-being. Forestry is one of the industries with the greatest dependencies on natural capital, as well as having the potential for substantial positive or negative impacts on natural capital. These dependencies and impacts create direct risks to a forestry enterprise’s ongoing financial viability, which translate into indirect risks for investors and society. There are growing demands from a variety of stakeholders for more reliable information to assess such risks, but at present, these risks are not always well understood, assessed or communicated in a consistent and comparable way. This paper addresses this problem by applying a standardized methodology to develop the first systematic, evidence-based review and financial materiality assessment of natural capital risks for the Australian forestry sector.

Recent Findings

The vast potential scope of forestry impacts and dependencies on natural capital can be reduced to twenty key areas of relevance to Australian forestry, of which only seven to nine have been assessed as highly financially material for each of the sub-sectors of softwood plantations, hardwood plantations and native forestry. The majority of risks assessed as highly financially material are related to dependencies on natural capital. This is in part due to the fact that current regulations and certification schemes focus on managing impacts, but tend to overlook dependencies. Nearly all of the natural capital risks rated as highly material are likely to be exacerbated by climate change.

An improved understanding of natural capital risks is an important input to better decision-making by forestry enterprises, as well as their lenders and investors, forestry regulators and other relevant stakeholders. This paper contributes to the preparedness of the forestry industry and its stakeholders to address questions about vulnerability to future changes and declining trends in natural capital.
McKean–Vlasov type stochastic differential equations arising from the random vortex method
Authors: Qian Zhongmin , Yao Yuhan
Published: December 2021

We study a class of McKean–Vlasov type stochastic differential equations (SDEs) which arise from the random vortex dynamics and other physics models. By introducing a new approach we resolve the existence and uniqueness of both the weak and strong solutions for the McKean–Vlasov stochastic differential equations whose coefficients are defined in terms of singular integral kernels such as the Biot–Savart kernel. These SDEs which involve the distributions of solutions are in general not Lipschitz continuous with respect to the usual distances on the space of distributions such as the Wasserstein distance. Therefore there is an obstacle in adapting the ordinary SDE method for the study of this class of SDEs, and the conventional methods seem not appropriate for dealing with such distributional SDEs which appear in applications such as fluid mechanics.
In and Out of Sync: an Example of Gestalt Therapy
Authors: Praszkier Ryszard , Nowak Andrzej
Published: December 2021

This article emphasizes the importance of synchronization in changing patients’ dysfunctional patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors to functional ones. Furthermore, the concept of synchronization in psychotherapy is delineated herein, showing its feasibility through the free energy principle. Most sync-oriented publications focus on the therapist-patient relationship. In contrast, this article is focusing on the therapeutic process, especially by analyzing how dysfunctional units—both in an individual’s mind, as well as in social relationships—assemble in synchrony and how psychotherapy helps to disassemble and replace them with functional units. As an example, Gestalt psychology and Gestalt psychotherapy are demonstrated through the lenses of synchronization, supported by diverse case studies. Finally, it is concluded that synchronization is opening a gateway to understanding the change dynamics in psychotherapy and, as such, is worth further study.
Was war die Erlanger Handlungspsychologie? Eine dreiteilige Skizze
Authors: Kölbl Carlos
Published: December 2021

Im Zentrum des vorliegenden Beitrags steht die Frage danach, was die Erlanger Handlungspsychologie war. Der Versuch einer Antwort erfolgt in drei Schritten. Erstens werden Genese, Entwicklung und Etablierung der Erlanger Handlungspsychologie, zweitens ihr Handlungsbegriff sowie Formen der Handlungserklärung und drittens Schwierigkeiten und Alternativen des Empiriebezugs nachgezeichnet. Die skizzenhafte und pointierte Rekonstruktion dieses Ansatzes erfolgt dabei immer auch mit Blick auf andere handlungspsychologische Forschungsprogramme, um seine Spezifika besser herausarbeiten zu können.
Caregiver perspectives and preferences for acute otitis media management
Authors: Frost Holly M. , Keith Amy , Sebastian Thresia , Jenkins Timothy C.
Published: December 2021

Surveyed caregivers of children in Denver, Colorado, with acute otitis media (AOM) preferred immediate antibiotics over delayed antibiotics or observation. Overall, 77% stated that they would immediately fill a prescription written as delayed. In contrast, 86% of caregivers favored whichever duration was recommended by the provider or the shortest duration necessary.
Control of laminar breakdown in a supersonic boundary layer employing streaks
Authors: Kneer Simon , Guo Zhengfei , Kloker Markus J.
Published: December 2021

In this study direct numerical simulations are employed to investigate the effects of various parameters on the laminar-flow-control capabilities of narrowly spaced streaks in a supersonic boundary layer at Mach$2.0$. Previous work by Sharmaet al.(J. Fluid Mech., vol. 873, 2019, pp. 1072–1089) has found these streak modes, excited by a spanwise blowing-and-suction strip, to be highly effective at delaying pure oblique-type breakdown. In the present work it is shown that spectrum-enriching subharmonic modes, relevant with increasing running-length Reynolds number, do not destroy the controlling mechanism, and also a complex breakdown scenario, triggered by a multi-frequency point source, is found to be effectively controlled. Moreover, the control-streak excitation by roughness elements is compared in detail with the blowing-and-suction method, revealing relevant differing features.
Deep learning speeds up ice flow modelling by several orders of magnitude
Authors: Jouvet Guillaume , Cordonnier Guillaume , Kim Byungsoo , Lüthi Martin , Vieli Andreas , Aschwanden Andy
Published: December 2021

This paper introduces the Instructed Glacier Model (IGM) – a model that simulates ice dynamics, mass balance and its coupling to predict the evolution of glaciers, icefields or ice sheets. The novelty of IGM is that it models the ice flow by a Convolutional Neural Network, which is trained from data generated with hybrid SIA + SSA or Stokes ice flow models. By doing so, the most computationally demanding model component is substituted by a cheap emulator. Once trained with representative data, we demonstrate that IGM permits to model mountain glaciers up to 1000 × faster than Stokes ones on Central Processing Units (CPU) with fidelity levels above 90% in terms of ice flow solutions leading to nearly identical transient thickness evolution. Switching to the GPU often permits additional significant speed-ups, especially when emulating Stokes dynamics or/and modelling at high spatial resolution. IGM is an open-source Python code which deals with two-dimensional (2-D) gridded input and output data. Together with a companion library of trained ice flow emulators, IGM permits user-friendly, highly efficient and mechanically state-of-the-art glacier and icefields simulations.
Comparison of temperature and humidity during MIS 11 and MIS 5e interglacials with the Holocene using stable isotopes in tufa deposits from northern France
Authors: Dabkowski Julie , Limondin-Lozouet Nicole
Published: December 2021

Many recent palaeoclimatic studies have focused on Pleistocene interglacials, especially Marine Isotopic Stages (MIS) 5e and 11, as analogs to our modern interglacial (MIS 1). In continental area, archives allowing comparison between interglacials remain scarce. Calcareous tufa deposits, as they are characteristic of these periods and can provide long, almost continuous, palaeoclimatic records through their isotopic content, appear highly suitable for such investigation. In this paper, δ18O and δ13C values from the three well-dated tufas of Saint-Germain-le-Vasson, Caours, and La Celle are combined to compare temperature and moisture conditions prevailing during MIS 1, 5e, and 11, in the Paris Basin. Both Pleistocene interglacials, and especially their optima, appear stronger than the Holocene: MIS 11 was wetter and warmer than both the Holocene and MIS 5e, which itself experienced wetter conditions than the Holocene. These observations are consistent with palaeontological data from the studied sites, especially malacological assemblages, which record, as at other European tufa sites, a relative depletion of molluscan diversity during the Holocene compared with the Pleistocene (MIS 5 and 11) interglacials.
MAZIAR BEHROOZ, Rebels with a Cause: The Failure of the Left in Iran (London: I. B. Tauris, 1999–2000). Pp. 239. $24.50 paper
Authors: ALAMDARI KAZEM
Published: December 2021

Maziar Behrooz has stated that the goal of his study is twofold: first, to document the history of communism in Iran during the thirty years between the 1953 coup and 1983, “when the last legal communist organizations were banned”; and second, “to provide an analysis of how and why the movement disintegrated in the 1980s.” (p. xv)
The Sogdian epitaph of Shi Jun and his wife
Authors: Sims-Williams Nicholas
Published: December 2021

Three bilingual Chinese and Sogdian epitaphs have been discovered and published in recent years. The first of these forms part of the tomb of Wirkakk, alias Shi Jun 史君 “Mr Shi”, and his wife Wiyusi, who were buried in 580 ce in Chang'an, the capital of the Northern Zhou. This article provides some corrections to the previous editions of the Sogdian version and attempts to elucidate points which have so far appeared obscure.
Newsround
Authors: Parikh Tulsi
Published: December 2021

‘Newsround’ offers a platform for new discoveries that do not appear within the specialist contributions of this year’s Archaeological Reports, but which nevertheless warrant emphasis, either as a result of their particular characteristics or for the contribution they make to broader archaeological narratives. This section is not intended to be exhaustive but rather an overview of archaeological research in Greece. It comprises largely preliminary reports (results of excavations that took place up to and including August 2021 where possible) which complement the digital content made available through Archaeology in Greece Online (https://chronique.efa.gr). Due to the diachronic nature of a number of the sites and for ease of reference, the material is organized geographically in the first instance and then chronologically (earliest to latest) within each section as far as possible.
Palaeolithic archaeology: a review of recent research
Authors: Tourloukis Vangelis
Published: December 2021

In contrast to a relatively long history of Palaeolithic investigations in western Europe, research on the Palaeolithic period in Greece has lagged behind considerably. This article reviews the last decade of Palaeolithic research in Greece, with the aim of highlighting key aspects of recent developments in the field. Newly discovered Lower Palaeolithic sites, such as Marathousa 1 in Megalopolis, have offered rare, high-resolution windows into hunter-gatherer adaptations during the earliest-known peopling of the Greek peninsula. Palaeolithic sites in insular settings, exemplified by the latest discoveries in Crete and Naxos, have stirred up intriguing discussions about early seafaring but, most importantly, provide support to a revised view of the role of the Aegean in early human dispersals. Zooarchaeological, palaeoenvironmental and dating analyses of Middle and Upper Palaeolithic materials from new and older assemblages have provided valuable insights that help contextualize the information distilled from lithic industries. In sum, recent excavations, surveys and assessments of new and older collections have together contributed to the compilation of an important corpus of novel and significant data. Palaeolithic Greece is no longer a terra incognita, and it carries the potential to become a key player in understanding early human societies in southern Europe.
Sanctuaries and cult places from the Roman conquest to Late Antiquity: a survey of recent work in Achaea, Epirus and the islands
Authors: Grigoropoulos Dimitris
Published: December 2021

This paper surveys archaeological work on Greek sanctuaries of the Roman period conducted over the past 20 years. Previously largely ignored or simply overlooked, in recent times the Roman phases of sanctuaries have seen a tremendous amount of excavation and research work, mirroring the increased interest in the archaeology of Roman Greece as a whole. In addition to brief presentatons of new and recent archaeological discoveries and material studies, this survey also aims to highlight the importance of current work based on the re-examination of sites excavated long ago and the contribution of various strands of archaeological evidence to an enhanced understanding of the history and function of Greek sanctuaries from the time of the Roman conquest to Late Antiquity.
Chemical compounds and antioxidant activity of Antarctic lichens
Authors: Kandelinskaya Olga , Grischenko Helena , Hihinyak Yury , Andreev Mikhail , Convey Peter , Lukashanets Dzmitry , Kozel Nikolai , Prokopiev Ilya
Published: December 2021

We assessed the content of some major and trace elements and lichen compounds as well as antioxidant activity in eight lichen species representing four families collected in areas > 1 km distant from Bellingshausen (King George Island) and > 1 km distant from Molodezhnaya (Thala Hills, Enderby Land) research stations. Content levels of Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn and As in Physcia caesia, Physconia muscigena, Umbilicaria aprina, Umbilicaria decussata and Usnea aurantiaco-atra thalli were similar to or lower than previously reported for these species in the Maritime and Continental Antarctic, as well as from reference sites. The first data on the contents of 15 elements in Ramalina terebrata and Thamnolecania brialmontii thalli from the Maritime Antarctic are reported. Our analyses confirmed the presence of the main photosynthetic pigments in the species examined (chlorophyll a and b, phaeophytin a and b, neoxanthin, violaxanthin, lutein and β-carotene). We identified protolichesterinic acid in T. brialmontii thalli for the first time. Antioxidant activity varied from 190 μg/g dry weight (U. decussata) to 14,740 μg/g dry weight (T. brialmontii). The data obtained complement previous research while also providing new baseline data that will have utility in monitoring and identifying future change.
Language control in regional dialect speakers – monolingual by name, bilingual by nature?
Authors: Kirk Neil W. , Declerck Mathieu , Kemp Ryan J. , Kempe Vera
Published: December 2021

While research on bilingual language processing is sensitive to different usage contexts, monolinguals are still often treated as a homogeneous control group, despite frequently using multiple varieties that may require engagement of control mechanisms during lexical access. Adapting a language-switching task for speakers of (Scottish) Standard English and Orcadian Scots, we demonstrate switch cost asymmetries with longer naming latencies when switching back into Orcadian. This pattern, which is reminiscent of unbalanced bilinguals, suggests that Orcadian is the dominant variety of these participants – despite the fact they might be regarded as English monolinguals because of sociolinguistic factors. In conjunction with the observed mixing cost and cognate facilitation effect (indicative of proactive language control and parallel language activation, respectively), these findings show that ‘monolinguals’ need to be scrutinised for routine use of different varieties to gain a better understanding of whether and how mechanisms underlying their lexical access resemble those of bilinguals.
Knowledge, use and practices of licensed dietitians related to dietary supplements in Lebanon
Authors: Nacouzi Cyrille , Tarazi Vanessa , Kabalane Lara , Hosry Maya , Hleyhel Mira
Published: December 2021

Objective:

To evaluate Lebanese licensed dietitians’ knowledge, prevalence of use and recommendation of dietary supplements (DS), and their associated factors.

Design:

Cross-sectional survey.

Setting:

Dietitians across Lebanon were contacted through the telephone and were asked to participate in the study. An online self-administered questionnaire was designed and sent to dietitians either by email or by WhatsApp, between 4 March and 4 May 2020.

Participants:

This study included 319 dietitians randomly selected from the dietitians’ list that was provided by the Lebanese Ministry of Public Health.

Results:

Around 75 % of dietitians had a knowledge score above 50 %. Overall, 73·7 % of them have used DS and 46·1 % have recommended them. Higher knowledge score was associated with less years of experience, using scientific articles as source of information on DS, and participating in research. Resorting to pharmacists was significantly associated with both nutrient supplements (NS) and herbal supplements (HS) use, whereas referring to health food stores was associated with HS use only. NS recommendation to patients was associated with personal NS use (OR = 3·38, P < 0·001), considering pharmacists as a source of information on DS (OR = 2·29, P = 0·01) and discussing DS with patients (OR = 3·82, P = 0·01). Having personally used HS (OR = 12·23, P < 0·001) and having discussed DS with patients (OR = 8·51, P = 0·01) increased the likelihood of recommending HS.

Conclusions:

A proper DS education, the elaboration of national scientific guidelines and the implementation of concise laws regarding the regulations of DS would play a crucial role in supporting dietitians’ practices and improving the quality of patient care with respect to DS.
“VeryFemale, with the Allure of a Foreign Aura”: Vocality, Gender, and European Exoticism in the US Careers of Alice Babs and Caterina Valente
Authors: Vad Mikkel
Published: December 2021

“How can America import ‘American’ jazz?,” asked the music editor ofGood Housekeeping, George Marek, in 1956. Marek answered, “Singers, particularly if they are very female, give the home-grown music the allure of a foreign aura.” Taking these statements as a starting point, this article gives an account of the US careers of Alice Babs and Caterina Valente. Gender, class, and ethnicity were key elements in the US construction of Babs's and Valente's musical personae, which was especially heard in their vocality, with an emphasis on high-pitched vocal stylings, melismas, and “white” timbres to signify gender and European exoticism. The US careers of Babs and Valente show us that musical Americanness or Europeanness are not created separately on either side of the Atlantic. Their European identities were not created in Europe and then imported to the United States but were created in the process of transmission into the United States. Importantly, the article argues that race and ethnicity were used by musicians, critics, and listeners to position Babs and Valente as Europeans. Their whiteness was transposed in a US context and their stories tell us as much about US ideologies of whiteness as it does about European ethnicities.
A New Classical Greek Qualification
Authors: Hur Claire Le
Published: December 2021

The Intermediate Certificate in Classical Greek (ICCG) is a new qualification being developed primarily for learners of Classical Greek on limited time for whom sitting the full GCSE is unrealistic. It is endorsed by the Classical Association and Classics for All.
Impact of Lockdowns and Winter Temperatures on Natural Gas Consumption in Europe
Authors: Ciais Philippe , Bréon François‐Marie , Dellaert Stijn , Wang Yilong , Tanaka Katsumasa , Gurriaran Léna , Françoise Yann , Davis Steven J. , Hong Chaopeng , Penuelas Josep , Janssens Ivan , Obersteiner Michael , Deng Zhu , Liu Zhu
Published: December 2021

As the COVID‐19 virus spread over the world, governments restricted mobility to slow transmission. Public health measures had different intensities across European countries but all had significant impact on people's daily lives and economic activities, causing a drop of CO2 emissions of about 10% for the whole year 2020. Here, we analyze changes in natural gas use in the industry and gas distribution to the built environment during the first half of year 2020 with daily gas flows data from pipeline and storage facilities in Europe. We find that reductions of industrial gas use reflect decreases in industrial production across most countries. Surprisingly, natural gas use in the built environment also decreased despite most people being confined at home and cold spells in March 2020. Those reductions that we attribute to the impacts of COVID‐19 remain of comparable magnitude to previous variations induced by cold or warm climate anomalies in the cold season. We conclude that climate variations played a larger role than COVID‐19 induced stay‐home orders in natural gas consumption across Europe.
Marine Paleoseismic Evidence for Seismic and Aseismic Slip Along the Hayward‐Rodgers Creek Fault System in Northern San Pablo Bay
Authors: Watt J. T. , McGann M. L. , Takesue R. K. , Lorenson T. D.
Published: December 2021

Distinguishing between seismic and aseismic fault slip in the geologic record is difficult, yet fundamental to estimating the seismic potential of faults and the likelihood of multi‐fault ruptures. We integrated chirp sub‐bottom imaging with targeted cross‐fault coring and core analyses of sedimentary proxy data to characterize vertical deformation and slip behavior within an extensional fault bend along the Hayward‐Rodgers Creek fault system in northern San Pablo Bay. We identified and traced four key seismic horizons (R1–R4), all younger than approximately 1400 CE, that cross the fault and extend throughout the basin. A stratigraphic age model was developed using detailed down‐core radiocarbon and radioisotope dating combined with measurements of anthropogenic metal concentrations. The onset of hydraulic mining within the Sierra Nevada in 1852 CE left a clear geochemical and magnetic signature within core samples. This key time horizon was used to calculate a local reservoir correction and reduce uncertainty in radiocarbon age calibration and models. Vertical fault offset of strata younger than the most recent surface‐rupturing earthquake on the Hayward fault in 1868 CE suggest near‐surface vertical creep is occurring along the fault in northern San Pablo Bay at a rate of approximately 0.4 mm/yr. In addition, we present evidence of at least one and possibly two coseismic events associated with growth strata above horizons R1 and R2, with median event ages estimated to be 1400 CE and 1800 CE, respectively. The timing of both these events overlaps with paleoseismic events on adjacent fault sections, suggesting the possibility of multi‐fault rupture.
Differences in personal care product use by race/ethnicity among women in California: implications for chemical exposures
Authors: Collins Hannah N. , Johnson Paula I. , Calderon Norma Morga , Clark Phyllis Y. , Gillis April D. , Le Amy M. , Nguyen Dung , Nguyen Caroline , Fu Lisa , O’Dwyer Tiffany , Harley Kim G.
Published: December 2021

Background

Personal care products may contain many chemicals, some of which are suspected endocrine disrupters. This is an important source of chemical exposure for women, but little is known about how chemical exposure differs among different races/ethnicities.

Objective

This study examines differences in personal care product use among Black, Latina, Vietnamese, Mixed Race, and White women in California.

Methods

We used a community-based participatory process to create and administer a personal care product usage survey to 321 Black, Latina, Vietnamese, Mixed Race, and White women. We used multivariate regression models with pairwise comparisons to examine the frequency of product use by race/ethnicity.

Results

We found distinct trends of personal care product use by race/ethnicity: Latina women typically used makeup most frequently; Black women used certain hair products or styles most frequently; and Vietnamese women were most likely to use facial cleansing products compared to other races/ethnicities. Latina and Vietnamese women were less likely to try to avoid certain ingredients in their products.

Significance

These findings can help estimate disparities in chemical exposure from personal care product use and complement future research on health inequities due to chemical exposures in the larger environmental and social context.
Integrated photonics enables continuous-beam electron phase modulation
Authors: Henke Jan-Wilke , Raja Arslan Sajid , Feist Armin , Huang Guanhao , Arend Germaine , Yang Yujia , Kappert F. Jasmin , Wang Rui Ning , Möller Marcel , Pan Jiahe , Liu Junqiu , Kfir Ofer , Ropers Claus , Kippenberg Tobias J.
Published: December 2021

Integrated photonics facilitates extensive control over fundamental light–matter interactions in manifold quantum systems including atoms1, trapped ions2,3, quantum dots4 and defect centres5. Ultrafast electron microscopy has recently made free-electron beams the subject of laser-based quantum manipulation and characterization6–11, enabling the observation of free-electron quantum walks12–14, attosecond electron pulses10,15–17 and holographic electromagnetic imaging18. Chip-based photonics19,20 promises unique applications in nanoscale quantum control and sensing but remains to be realized in electron microscopy. Here we merge integrated photonics with electron microscopy, demonstrating coherent phase modulation of a continuous electron beam using a silicon nitride microresonator. The high-finesse (Q0 ≈ 106) cavity enhancement and a waveguide designed for phase matching lead to efficient electron–light scattering at extremely low, continuous-wave optical powers. Specifically, we fully deplete the initial electron state at a cavity-coupled power of only 5.35 microwatts and generate >500 electron energy sidebands for several milliwatts. Moreover, we probe unidirectional intracavity fields with microelectronvolt resolution in electron-energy-gain spectroscopy21. The fibre-coupled photonic structures feature single-optical-mode electron–light interaction with full control over the input and output light. This approach establishes a versatile and highly efficient framework for enhanced electron beam control in the context of laser phase plates22, beam modulators and continuous-wave attosecond pulse trains23, resonantly enhanced spectroscopy24–26 and dielectric laser acceleration19,20,27. Our work introduces a universal platform for exploring free-electron quantum optics28–31, with potential future developments in strong coupling, local quantum probing and electron–photon entanglement.
Targeting SWI/SNF ATPases in enhancer-addicted prostate cancer
Authors: Xiao Lanbo , Parolia Abhijit , Qiao Yuanyuan , Bawa Pushpinder , Eyunni Sanjana , Mannan Rahul , Carson Sandra E. , Chang Yu , Wang Xiaoju , Zhang Yuping , Vo Josh N. , Kregel Steven , Simko Stephanie A. , Delekta Andrew D. , Jaber Mustapha , Zheng Heng , Apel Ingrid J. , McMurry Lisa , Su Fengyun , Wang Rui , Zelenka-Wang Sylvia , Sasmal Sanjita , Khare Leena , Mukherjee Subhendu , Abbineni Chandrasekhar , Aithal Kiran , Bhakta Mital S. , Ghurye Jay , Cao Xuhong , Navone Nora M. , Nesvizhskii Alexey I. , Mehra Rohit , Vaishampayan Ulka , Blanchette Marco , Wang Yuzhuo , Samajdar Susanta , Ramachandra Murali , Chinnaiyan Arul M.
Published: December 2021

The switch/sucrose non-fermentable (SWI/SNF) complex has a crucial role in chromatin remodelling1 and is altered in over 20% of cancers2,3. Here we developed a proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) degrader of the SWI/SNF ATPase subunits, SMARCA2 and SMARCA4, called AU-15330. Androgen receptor (AR)+ forkhead box A1 (FOXA1)+ prostate cancer cells are exquisitely sensitive to dual SMARCA2 and SMARCA4 degradation relative to normal and other cancer cell lines. SWI/SNF ATPase degradation rapidly compacts cis-regulatory elements bound by transcription factors that drive prostate cancer cell proliferation, namely AR, FOXA1, ERG and MYC, which dislodges them from chromatin, disables their core enhancer circuitry, and abolishes the downstream oncogenic gene programs. SWI/SNF ATPase degradation also disrupts super-enhancer and promoter looping interactions that wire supra-physiologic expression of the AR, FOXA1 and MYC oncogenes themselves. AU-15330 induces potent inhibition of tumour growth in xenograft models of prostate cancer and synergizes with the AR antagonist enzalutamide, even inducing disease remission in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) models without toxicity. Thus, impeding SWI/SNF-mediated enhancer accessibility represents a promising therapeutic approach for enhancer-addicted cancers.
Local and systemic responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adults
Authors: Yoshida Masahiro , Worlock Kaylee B. , Huang Ni , Lindeboom Rik G. H. , Butler Colin R. , Kumasaka Natsuhiko , Dominguez Conde Cecilia , Mamanova Lira , Bolt Liam , Richardson Laura , Polanski Krzysztof , Madissoon Elo , Barnes Josephine L. , Allen-Hyttinen Jessica , Kilich Eliz , Jones Brendan C. , de Wilton Angus , Wilbrey-Clark Anna , Sungnak Waradon , Pett J. Patrick , Weller Juliane , Prigmore Elena , Yung Henry , Mehta Puja , Saleh Aarash , Saigal Anita , Chu Vivian , Cohen Jonathan M. , Cane Clare , Iordanidou Aikaterini , Shibuya Soichi , Reuschl Ann-Kathrin , Herczeg Iván T. , Argento A. Christine , Wunderink Richard G. , Smith Sean B. , Poor Taylor A. , Gao Catherine A. , Dematte Jane E. ,   NU SCRIPT Study Investigators, Budinger G. R. Scott , Donnelly Helen K. , Markov Nikolay S. , Lu Ziyan , Reynolds Gary , Haniffa Muzlifah , Bowyer Georgina S. , Coates Matthew , Clatworthy Menna R. , Calero-Nieto Fernando J. , Göttgens Berthold , O’Callaghan Christopher , Sebire Neil J. , Jolly Clare , De Coppi Paolo , Smith Claire M. , Misharin Alexander V. , Janes Sam M. , Teichmann Sarah A. , Nikolić Marko Z. , Meyer Kerstin B.
Published: December 2021

It is not fully understood why COVID-19 is typically milder in children1–3. Here, to examine the differences between children and adults in their response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, we analysed paediatric and adult patients with COVID-19 as well as healthy control individuals (total n = 93) using single-cell multi-omic profiling of matched nasal, tracheal, bronchial and blood samples. In the airways of healthy paediatric individuals, we observed cells that were already in an interferon-activated state, which after SARS-CoV-2 infection was further induced especially in airway immune cells. We postulate that higher paediatric innate interferon responses restrict viral replication and disease progression. The systemic response in children was characterized by increases in naive lymphocytes and a depletion of natural killer cells, whereas, in adults, cytotoxic T cells and interferon-stimulated subpopulations were significantly increased. We provide evidence that dendritic cells initiate interferon signalling in early infection, and identify epithelial cell states associated with COVID-19 and age. Our matching nasal and blood data show a strong interferon response in the airways with the induction of systemic interferon-stimulated populations, which were substantially reduced in paediatric patients. Together, we provide several mechanisms that explain the milder clinical syndrome observed in children.
Ultrasound-triggered hydrogel formation through thiol–norbornene reactions
Authors: Yang Su-Rung , Yeh Ying-Yu , Yeh Yi-Cheun
Published: December 2021

An ultrasound-initiated thiol–norbornene reaction has been applied to fabricate hydrogels, and the ultrasound conditions in determining the properties of hydrogels have been systematically investigated.
Efficient lithium-ion storage using a heterostructured porous carbon framework and its in situ transmission electron microscopy study
Authors: Kim Minjun , Fernando Joseph F. S. , Wang Jie , Nanjundan Ashok Kumar , Na Jongbeom , Hossain Md. Shahriar A. , Nara Hiroki , Martin Darren , Sugahara Yoshiyuki , Golberg Dmitri , Yamauchi Yusuke
Published: December 2021

The unique 3D heterostructure can highly tolerate the volume expansion over repetitive charge/discharge of lithium-ion batteries, which has been demonstrated through in situ transmission electron microscopy.
Trapping reactions with highly unstable hydrides of antimony and bismuth
Authors: Schneider Selina , von Hänisch Carsten
Published: December 2021

The gallium(i) compound (Dipp2NacNac)Ga was used as a trapping reagent for the elemental hydrides tBuSbH2 and MeBiH2, which are stable only at low temperatures.
Evidenced cucurbit[n]uril-based host–guest interactions using single-molecule force spectroscopy
Authors: Zhang Mingyang , Zhang Hao , Jin Lunqiang , Li Hao , Liu Simin , Chang Shuai , Liang Feng
Published: December 2021

Enhanced guest-pair interactions, response to light stimulus or competitive host–guest recognition in cucurbit[8]uril are revealed using single-molecule force spectroscopy.
Hydrogen-bond-dominated mechanical stretchability in PVA films: from phenomenological to numerical insights
Authors: Fu Zhen-zhen , Guo Sheng-jie , Li Chen-xi , Wang Ke , Zhang Qin , Fu Qiang
Published: December 2021

For all the PVA/plasticizer films, a good linearity exists between elongations and intermolecular H-bonds as ascertained by solid-state 13C NMR.
Pressure effects on the thermal decomposition of the LLM-105 crystal
Authors: Wang Junke , Gao Chan , Xu Zilong , Zhong Cheng , Dai Rucheng , Wang Zhongping , Li Hongzhen , Zhang Zengming
Published: December 2021

In this manuscript, the pressure effects on the thermal decomposition behavior of condensed LLM-105 were explored through experiments and MD simulations.
One-step functionalization of mildly and strongly reduced graphene oxide with maleimide: an experimental and theoretical investigation of the Diels–Alder [4+2] cycloaddition reaction
Authors: Ferretti Alfonso , Sinha Sourab , Sagresti Luca , Araya-Hermosilla Esteban , Prato Mirko , Mattoli Virgilio , Pucci Andrea , Brancato Giuseppe
Published: December 2021

Functionalization of mildly and strongly reduced graphene oxide with maleimide via the Diels–Alder [4+2] cycloaddition reaction: insights from experiments and theory.
Physical and chemical aspects at the interface and in the bulk of CuInSe2-based thin-film photovoltaics
Authors: Ishizuka Shogo , Nishinaga Jiro , Beppu Kosuke , Maeda Tsuyoshi , Aoyagi Fuuka , Wada Takahiro , Yamada Akira , Chantana Jakapan , Nishimura Takahito , Minemoto Takashi , Islam Muhammad Monirul , Sakurai Takeaki , Terada Norio
Published: December 2021

Technical issues which remain in CuInSe2-based solar cells are reviewed. A study of single-crystalline Cu(In,Ga)Se2film devices, carrier recombination analysis, and effects of alkali-metal doping and silver-alloying are particularly focused on.
Arsinocarbyne reactivity
Authors: Frogley Benjamin J. , Hill Anthony F.
Published: December 2021

The reactivity of the tungsten diphenylarsinocarbyne [W(CAsPh2)(CO)2(Tp*)] (1; Tp* = hydrotris(dimethylpyrazolyl)borato) is described leading to the first examples of bridging arsino- and arsoniocarbyne complexes.
Chemical recovery of thermosetting unsaturated polyester resins
Authors: An Wenli , Wang Xiong-Lei , Liu Xuehui , Wu Gang , Xu Shimei , Wang Yu-Zhong
Published: December 2021

This review addresses advances and challenges in the chemical recovery of waste unsaturated polyester resins, presents a new strategy of reconstruction-oriented recovery, and gives promising prospects on the recovery of the wastes.
Molecular nanoinformatics approach assessing the biocompatibility of biogenic silver nanoparticles with channelized intrinsic steatosis and apoptosis
Authors: Panda Pritam Kumar , Kumari Puja , Patel Paritosh , Samal Shailesh Kumar , Mishra Suman , Tambuwala Murtaza M. , Dutt Ateet , Hilscherová Klára , Mishra Yogendra Kumar , Varma Rajender S. , Suar Mrutyunjay , Ahuja Rajeev , Verma Suresh K.
Published: December 2021

Molecular biocompatibility of AgNP is mediated through channelized intrinsic AgNP-proteins interaction in steatosis and apoptosis.
Comprehensive analysis of commercial fragment libraries
Authors: Revillo Imbernon Julia , Jacquemard Célien , Bret Guillaume , Marcou Gilles , Kellenberger Esther
Published: December 2021

Explore the chemical space of libraries marketed for fragment-based drug discovery.
Propylene and butylene glycol: new alternatives to ethylene glycol in conjugated polymers for bioelectronic applications
Authors: Moser Maximilian , Wang Yazhou , Hidalgo Tania Cecilia , Liao Hailiang , Yu Yaping , Chen Junxin , Duan Jiayao , Moruzzi Floriana , Griggs Sophie , Marks Adam , Gasparini Nicola , Wadsworth Andrew , Inal Sahika , McCulloch Iain , Yue Wan
Published: December 2021

Propylene and butylene glycol oligoether chains have been employed as alternatives to ethylene glycol in thiophene based semiconductors for OECTs. Their impact on electrochemical, microstructure, and swelling properties are discussed.
Innovative transdermal delivery of insulin using gelatin methacrylate-based microneedle patches in mice and mini-pigs
Authors: Demir Bilal , Rosselle Lea , Voronova Anna , Pagneux Quentin , Quenon Audrey , Gmyr Valery , Jary Dorothee , Hennuyer Nathalie , Staels Bart , Hubert Thomas , Abderrahmani Amar , Plaisance Valerie , Pawlowski Valerie , Boukherroub Rabah , Vignoud Severine , Szunerits Sabine
Published: December 2021

Painless and controlled on-demand drug delivery is the ultimate goal for the management of various chronic diseases, including diabetes.
A new “on–off–on” g-C3N4 nanosheets fluorescent sensor for 5-Br-PADAP and Co2+ under acidic conditions
Authors: He Wen , Xie Yongbo , Yin Qiang , Zhao Zixuan , Shi Lang , Wang Hongqing
Published: December 2021

A novel “on–off–on” g-C3N4 nanosheet fluorescent sensor based on IFE could detect 5-Br-PADAP and Co2+ under acidic conditions.
Two decades of recent advances of Passerini reactions: synthetic and potential pharmaceutical applications
Authors: Wahby Yasmin , Abdel-Hamid Hamida , Ayoup Mohammed Salah
Published: December 2021

This perspective describes the applications of Passerini reactions in the last two decades from 2000 to 2021 in pharmaceutical applications and synthesis of peptides, natural products, macrocycles, dendrimers, and versatile types of heterocycles.
Gold-coated iron oxide core–shell nanostructures for the oxidation of indoles and the synthesis of uracil-derived spirooxindoles
Authors: Gohain Shivanee Borpatra , Boruah Purna Kanta , Das Manash Ranjan , Thakur Ashim Jyoti
Published: December 2021

Synthesis of isatins and uracil-based spirooxindoles catalysed by Au/Fe3O4core–shell nanoparticles under mild conditions and low reaction times.
Electronic state of a fluoranthene–urea compound and the kinetics of its emissive tautomer state in the presence of acetate anions
Authors: Okada Mahiro , Nishimura Yoshinobu
Published: December 2021

The fluorescence spectrum of 3FU–Ac around 600 nm agrees well with that of 3FU–DBU, indicating that the electronic state of tautomer has a proton-abstracted structure.
Vapor-assisted crystallization of in situ glycine-modified UiO-66 with enhanced CO2 adsorption
Authors: Fujimoto Yugo , Shu Yasuhiro , Taniguchi Yurika , Miyake Koji , Uchida Yoshiaki , Tanaka Shunsuke , Nishiyama Norikazu
Published: December 2021

Vapor consisting of DMF and HCl promotes crystallization of in situ glycine-modified UiO-66.
A graphene-printed paper electrode for determination of H2O2 in municipal wastewater during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kant Tushar , Shrivas Kamlesh , Karbhal Indrapal , Monisha  , Yadav Sanjay , Tikeshwari  , Sahu Sushama , Mahipal Yugal Kishor , Ganesan Vellaichamy
Published: December 2021

Graphene prepared through exfoliation process was printed on paper substrate using inkjet-printer and then printed paper electrode was used as an electrochemical sensor for analysis of H2O2 in cyclic voltammetry.
Aluminum molecular rings bearing amino-polyalcohol for iodine capture
Authors: Zhang Yi , Li Qiao-Hong , Fang Wei-Hui , Zhang Jian
Published: December 2021

Amino-polyalcohol-solvothermal synthesis leads to the isolation of a broad range of aluminum molecular rings, which exhibit considerable affinity towards iodine molecules.
Low-pressure accessible gas-quenching for absolute methylammonium-free perovskite solar cells
Authors: Hou Tian , Zhang Meng , Yu Wenjing , Wang Xin , Gu Zhengying , Chen Qian , Lan Lan , Sun Xiaoran , Huang Yuelong , Zheng Bolin , Liu Xu , Green Martin A. , Hao Xiaojing
Published: December 2021

Gas-quenching with tetramethylene sulfoxide (TMSO) enables a wide gas pressure processing window and superior accessibility to low-pressure processing for high-efficiency absolute MA-free perovskite solar cells.
Conduction band engineering of half-Heusler thermoelectrics using orbital chemistry
Authors: Guo Shuping , Anand Shashwat , Brod Madison K. , Zhang Yongsheng , Snyder G. Jeffrey
Published: December 2021

Two conduction bands with very different effective masses are usually at the X point in the half-Heusler Brillouin zone. Our orbital phase diagram provides feasible strategies to converge these two bands for thermoelectric enhancement.
Lanthanide metal–organic frameworks for the fixation of CO2 under aqueous-rich and mixed-gas conditions
Authors: Le David H. , Loughan Ryan P. , Gładysiak Andrzej , Rampal Nakul , Brooks Isabelle A. , Park Ah-Hyung Alissa , Fairen-Jimenez David , Stylianou Kyriakos C.
Published: December 2021

The development of effective catalysts is one of the big challenges associated with a new circular carbon economy addressing climate change.
Design of efficient color-tunable long persistent luminescence phosphor BaGa2O4:Pr3+ and its performance enhancement via a trap-induced strategy
Authors: Ma Xilin , Feng Peng , Wang Yajie , Ding Songsong , Tian Songlu , Wang Yuhua
Published: December 2021

Color-tunable long persistent luminescence (LPL) phosphors are more strongly desired for intelligent anti-counterfeiting and information storage compared with single color types.