bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stories of Alisher Navoi and Rizoi Payvandi (On the Example of “Lison ut-tayr” and “Qush Tili” (The Language of Birds))
Authors: Khasanova Shafoat
Published: April 2022

In Uzbek literature, the study of epics of the genre “Mantiq ut-tayr” is associated with the study of Alisher Navoi’s epic “Lison ut-tayr” and has always been in the spotlight of experts. Mawlana Khoja Qazi Payvandi Rizoi (XVIII acp) was another writer who wrote in Turkish on the theme “Mantiq ut-tayr”. The only manuscript of the epic “Qush tili”(The Language of Birds) created by him is kept in the fund of the State Museum of Literature named after Alisher Navoi under inventory number 127. Rizoi Payvandi used the works of Jalaliddin Rumi, Fariduddin Attor, Abdurahman Jami in the creation of this epic, as well as carefully studied Alisher Navoi’s epic “Lison ut-tayr”. Because the comparison of Rizoi’s epic with Alisher Navoi’s work shows that in the plot of a number of stories in both epics we see the closeness to each other and in most places the artistic interpretation of the same story, which is characteristic of both creators.
Crystal structures of human glyoxalase I and its complex with TLSC702 reveal inhibitor binding mode and substrate preference
Authors: Usami Midori , Ando Koki , Shibuya Asuka , Takasawa Ryoko , Yokoyama Hideshi
Published: April 2022

Human glyoxalase I (hGLO I) is an enzyme for detoxification of methylglyoxal (MG) and has been considered an attractive target for the development of new anticancer drugs. In our previous report, the GLO I inhibitor TLSC702 induced apoptosis in tumor cells. Here, we determined the crystal structures of hGLO I and its complex with TLSC702. In the complex, the carboxyl O atom of TLSC702 is coordinated to Zn2+, and TLSC702 mainly shows van der Waals interaction with hydrophobic residues. In the inhibitor‐unbound structure, glycerol, which has similar functional groups to MG, was bound to Zn2+, indicating that GLO I can easily bind to MG. This study provides a structural basis to develop better anticancer drugs.
Docking and molecular simulations reveal a quinone‐binding site on the surface of respiratory complex I
Authors: Djurabekova Amina , Galemou Yoga Etienne , Nyman Aino , Pirttikoski Antti , Zickermann Volker , Haapanen Outi , Sharma Vivek
Published: April 2022

The first component of the mitochondrial electron transport chain is respiratory complex I. Several high‐resolution structures of complex I from different species have been resolved. However, despite these significant achievements, the mechanism of redox‐coupled proton pumping remains elusive. Here, we combined atomistic docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and site‐directed mutagenesis on respiratory complex I from Yarrowia lipolytica to identify a quinone (Q)‐binding site on its surface near the horizontal amphipathic helices of ND1 and NDUFS7 subunits. The surface‐bound Q makes stable interactions with conserved charged and polar residues, including the highly conserved Arg72 from the NDUFS7 subunit. The binding and dynamics of a Q molecule at the surface‐binding site raise interesting possibilities about the mechanism of complex I, which are discussed.
Implicit finite element analysis of ductile fracture of a steel frame under cyclic deformation
Authors: Ohsaki Makoto , Fujiwara Jun , Miyamura Tomoshi , Namba Hisashi
Published: April 2022

A ductile fracture model is implemented to an elastoplastic constitutive model of steel material for large‐scale finite element analysis of steel frames. The stress modified critical strain model is extended to simulate the structural response after initiation of ductile fracture. The yield stress, Young's modulus, as well as the stress are reduced using the fracture variable. Positive definiteness of the material tangent stiffness matrix is always maintained, and the unbalanced loads are carried over to the succeeding step to analyze the responses in the range of degrading strength using an implicit finite element analysis. It is shown using a notched rod model and a double notched plate that the proposed model can simulate steep stiffness degradation due to strain localization after ductile fracture. Applicability to a large‐scale finite element analysis is investigated using a component frame of moment frame subjected to cyclic forced deformation.
Composition Design and Properties Characterization of Laser‐Cladded Ni51.6Ti34.4Cu14 Coating on AZ91D Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Jiang Lipeng , Cui Xiufang , Jin Guo , Zhang Dan , Lu Bingwen , Wen Xin , Zhang Xuerun , Wan Simin
Published: April 2022

The bottleneck challenge of laser‐cladded coating preparation of magnesium alloys is the low melting point of alloys. This greatly restricts the selection of coating material. In this article, the composition of Ni–Ti–Cu coating is designed by cluster line criterion, and the thermal properties of the coating are simulated by JMatPro software. Through the analysis of simulation results, the Ni51.6Ti34.4Cu14 coating is selected and successfully prepared on AZ91D magnesium alloy via laser cladding technology. Then the microstructure, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance of the coating are studied in detail. The results of X‐Ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), and transmission electron microscope (TEM) demonstrated that there is a good metallurgical bond between the coating and the substrate, and the coating is mainly composed of Ni3Ti, TiNi0.8Cu0.2, and (Cu, Ni) solid solution phases. Also, there are no obvious pores and crack defects in the coating. Remarkably, AZ91D alloy showed significant improvement in corrosion resistance and wear resistance. Among them, the wear volume of the coating is decreased by 71.9% than that of AZ91D alloy. In particular, the corrosion current density of the coating is three orders of magnitude lower than that of AZ91D alloy.
Dual‐Mode Organic Electrochemical Transistors Based on Self‐Doped Conjugated Polyelectrolytes for Reconfigurable Electronics
Authors: Nguyen‐Dang Tung , Chae Sangmin , Chatsirisupachai Jirat , Wakidi Hiba , Promarak Vinich , Visell Yon , Nguyen Thuc‐Quyen
Published: April 2022

Reconfigurable organic logic devices are promising candidates for next generations of efficient computing systems and adaptive electronics. Ideally, such devices would be of simple structure and design, be power efficient, and compatible with high‐throughput microfabrication techniques. This work reports an organic reconfigurable logic gate based on novel dual‐mode organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs), which employ a self‐doped conjugated polyelectrolyte as the active material, which then allows the transistors to operate in both depletion mode and enhancement mode. Furthermore, mode switching is accomplished by simply altering the polarity of the applied gate and drain voltages, which can be done on the fly. In contrast, achieving similar mode‐switching functionality with other organic transistors typically requires complex molecular design or multi‐device engineering. It in shown that dual‐mode functionality is enabled by the concurrent existence of anion doping and cation dedoping of the films. A device physics model that accurately describes the behavior of these transistors is developed. Finally, the utility of these dual‐mode transistors for implementing reconfigurable logic by fabricating a logic gate that may be switched between logic gates AND to NOR, and OR to NAND on the fly is demonstrated.
Superhydrophobic Ag‐Decorated CuO Nanowire Arrays with Analyte‐Concentrating and Self‐Cleaning Binary Functions for Ultrasensitive and Recyclable Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering
Authors: Meng Tingting , Guo Yingcen , Shi Meirong , Wang Huichao , Fu Nuo , Liu Zhiping , Huang Bo , Lei Chao , Cao Jing , Deng Ziwei
Published: April 2022

Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is considered a promising analytical technique for the detection of analytes. Considering the practical SERS detection, it is necessary to develop low‐cost, highly sensitive, and recyclable SERS‐active substrates. Here, a simple and flexible approach is proposed to fabricate a superhydrophobic Ag‐decorated CuO (named as CuO@Ag) nanowire array substrate with analyte‐concentrating and self‐cleaning binary functions for ultrasensitive and recyclable SERS detection. During this process, a superhydrophobic CuO@Ag nanowire array is made via fabrication of a CuO nanowire array by oxidizing and calcinating an ordered porous anodic aluminum oxide template on Cu foil, and following with Ag sputtering deposition on CuO nanowire array. Remarkably, this SERS substrate exhibits ultrasensitive SERS detection ability attributed to superhydrophobic plasmonic metal nanostructured arrays with high analyte‐concentrating ability and excellent photocatalytic capability due to this metal‐semiconductor composite nanostructure. These advantageous properties allow for SERS detection of malachite green with a limit of detection of 6.73 × 10−13 m and self‐cleaning via photodegradation of adsorbed analytes with visible‐light illumination. Consequently, it achieves recyclable SERS detection. This research demonstrates a simple and flexible approach for fabricating recyclable SERS‐active substrate, which expands the practical SERS applications in chemical and biological analysis, food safety, and healthcare.
Photoinduced Three‐Component Difluoroamidosulfonylation/Bicyclization: Regioselectivity Synthesis of Seven‐Membered Dibenzosultams
Authors: Zheng Xiangyun , Shen Qitao , Yin Chuanliu , Li Lianghao , Zhong Tianshuo , Yu Chuanming
Published: April 2022

A mild and safe photochemical methodology has been developed to access difluoroamidosulfonylated dioxodibenzothiazepines via three‐component radical bicyclization cascades. This photocatalyst‐free transformation avoids cumbersome photocatalyst removal procedure and potential toxicity. Mechanistic experiments reveal the generation of an electron donor‐acceptor (EDA) complex in the reaction process. Moreover, synthetic value of the protocol is further demonstrated by gram‐scale reaction, conversion of product and total synthesis of antidepressant drug.

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The germline p53 activation syndrome: A new patient further refines the clinical phenotype
Authors: Kumar Runjun D. , Tosur Mustafa , Lalani Seema R. , Mahoney Donald H. , Bertuch Alison A.
Published: April 2022

The tumor suppressor p53 has well known roles in cancer development and germline cancer predisposition disorders, but increasing evidence supports the role of activation of this transcription factor in the pathogenesis of inherited bone marrow failure and chromosomal instability disorders. Here we report a patient with red cell aplasia, which was steroid responsive, as well as intellectual disability, seizures, microcephaly, short stature, cellular radiosensitivity, and normal telomere lengths, who had a germline heterozygous C‐terminal frameshift variant in TP53 similar to others that activate the transcription factor. This is the third reported individual with a germline p53 activation syndrome, with several unique features that refine the clinical disease associated with these variants.
An Anionic Dinuclear Ruthenium Dihydrogen Complex of Relevance for Alkynegem‐Hydrogenation
Authors: Biberger Tobias , Nöthling Nils , Leutzsch Markus , Gordon Christopher P. , Copéret Christophe , Fürstner Alois
Published: April 2022

During an investigation into the fate of ruthenium precatalysts used for light‐driven alkynegem‐hydrogenation reactions with formation of Grubbs‐type ruthenium catalysts, it was found that the reaction of [(IPr)(η6‐cymene)RuCl2] with H2under UV‐irradiation affords an anionic dinuclear σ‐dihydrogen complex, which is thermally surprisingly robust. Not only are anionic σ‐complexes in general exceedingly rare, but the newly formed species seems to be the first example lacking any structural attributes able to counterbalance the negative charge and, in so doing, prevent oxidative insertion of the metal centers into the ligated H2from occurring.
Electronic Tuning in Reaction‐Based Fluorescent Sensing for Instantaneous and Ultrasensitive Visualization of Ethylenediamine
Authors: Ke Yulei , Liu Yuan , Zu Baiyi , Lei Da , Wang Guangfa , Li Jiguang , Ren Wenfei , Dou Xincun
Published: April 2022

Manipulation of a multi‐physical quantity to steer a molecular photophysical property is of great significance in improving sensing performance. Here, an investigation on how a physical quantity rooted in the molecular structure induces an optical behavior change to facilitate ultrasensitive detection of ethylenediamine (EDA) is performed by varying a set of thiols. The model molecule consisting of a thiol with dual‐carboxyl exhibits the strongest fluorescence, which is ascribed to the electron‐donating ability and prompted larger orbital overlap and oscillator strength. The elevated fluorescence positively corelated to the increased EDA, endowing an ultrasensitive response to the nanomolar‐liquid/ppm‐vapor. A gas detector with superior performance fulfills a contactless and real‐time management of EDA. We envisage this electron‐tuning strategy‐enabled fluorescence enhancement can offer in‐depth insight in advancing molecule‐customized design, further paving the way to widening applications.
Expanding the Scope of Metastable Species in Hydrogen Bonding‐Directed Supramolecular Polymerization
Authors: Matern Jonas , Fernández Zulema , Bäumer Nils , Fernández Gustavo
Published: April 2022

We reveal unique hydrogen (H‐) bonding patterns and exploit them to control the kinetics, pathways and length of supramolecular polymers (SPs). New bisamide‐containing monomers were designed to elucidate the role of competing intra‐ vs. intermolecular H‐bonding interactions on the kinetics of supramolecular polymerization (SP). Remarkably, two polymerization‐inactive metastable states were discovered. Contrary to previous examples, the commonly assumed intramolecularly H‐bonded monomer does not evolve into intermolecularly H‐bonded SPs via ring opening, but rather forms a metastable dimer. In this dimer, all H‐bonding sites are saturated, either intra‐ or intermolecularly, hampering elongation. The dimers exhibit an advantageous preorganization, which upon opening of the intramolecular portion of the H‐bonding motif facilitates SP in a consecutive process. The retardation of spontaneous self‐assembly as a result of two metastable states enables length control in SP by seed‐mediated growth.
New 1,2,4‐oxadiazole/pyrrolidine hybrids as topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase inhibitors with promising antibacterial activity
Authors: Frejat Firas O. A. , Cao Yaquan , Wang Lihong , Zhai Hongjin , Abdelazeem Ahmed H. , Gomaa Hesham A. M. , Youssif Bahaa G. M. , Wu Chunli
Published: April 2022

A series of hybridized pyrrolidine compounds with a 1,2,4‐oxadiazole moiety were synthesized to develop effective molecules against the enzymes DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV (Topo IV). Compounds 8–20 were developed based on a previously disclosed series of compounds from our lab, but with small structural modifications in the hopes of increasing the compounds' biological activity. In comparison to novobiocin, with IC50 = 170 nM, the findings of the DNA gyrase inhibitory assay revealed that compounds 16 and 17 were the most potent of all synthesized derivatives, with IC50 values of 180 and 210 nM, respectively. Compound 17 had the strongest inhibitory effect against Escherichia coli Topo IV of all the synthesized compounds, with an IC50 value of 13 µM, which was comparable to novobiocin (IC50 = 11 µM). Therefore, hybrids 16 and 17 appeared to be potential dual‐target inhibitors. In the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays, compound 17 outperformed ciprofloxacin against E. coli, with an MIC of 55 ng/ml, compared to 60 ng/ml for ciprofloxacin. Finally, the docking study, along with the in vitro experiments, supports our promising approach to effectively develop potent leads for further optimization as dual DNA gyrase and Topo IV inhibitors.
Synthesis, Characterizations and Applications of Fluoroazaphosphatranes
Authors: Manick Anne‐Doriane , Dutasta Jean‐Pierre , Nava Paola , Dufaud Véronique , Gao Guohua , Chatelet Bastien , Martinez Alexandre
Published: April 2022

Haloazaphosphatranes are the halogenated parents of proazaphosphatranes, also known as Verkade's superbase. While the synthesis of iodo‐, bromo‐ and chloroazaphosphatranes was reported more than thirty years ago by J. G. Verkade, the first synthesis of fluoroazaphosphatranes was only described in 2018 by Stephan et al. Currently, no common and versatile procedure exists to access fluoroazaphosphatranes platform with different structural characteristics. In this report, a new and simple synthesis of this class of compounds was developed based on the nucleophilic attack of the fluoride anion on chloroazaphosphatrane derivatives with good to high isolated yields for the corresponding fluoroazaphosphatranes (70–92%). The scope of the reaction was widened to fluoroazaphosphatranes bearing various substituents and X‐ray molecular structures of two of them are reported. The stability of fluoroazaphosphatranes toward nucleophilic solvents like water has been investigated. As they revealed much more robust cations than their chloroazaphosphatrane parents, their chloride salts were tested as organocatalysts for the formation of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and CO2. Fluoroazaphosphatranes proved to be both efficient and stable catalytic systems for CO2 conversion with catalytic activities similar to those of azaphosphatranes, and no decomposition of the cation was observed at the end of reaction.
A Catalogue of Orthogonal Complementary Ligand Pairings for Palladium(II) Complexes
Authors: Buchanan Jason S. , Preston Dan
Published: April 2022

Molecular recognition is a form of information transfer, seen in the base pairing in DNA which is derived from the identity (acceptor or donor) and number of hydrogen bond sites within each base. Here we report bis‐ligand palladium(II) complexes that exhibit similar complementarity. Pd(II) has square planar four‐coordinate geometry, giving control over ligand orientation and denticity. Pairings were developed using ligand denticity (3 : 1 or 2 : 2), and hydrogen bond capability (AA:DD or AD:DA) or lack thereof. Five pairings were investigated, with two sets of four being found fully orthogonal. The two 3 : 1 pairings exhibited limited ligand exchange. The extent of this exchange varied dependant on solvent from 2 : 1 (desired to undesired) to 6 : 1. A reliable and varied set of ligand pairs have therefore been developed for bis‐ligand coordination sphere engineering in pursuit of sorting for complex molecular architectures and molecular‐level information storage and transfer events.
Re‐sequencing of candidate genes FOXF1, HSPA6, HAAO, and KYNU in 522 individuals with VATER/VACTERL, VACTER/VACTERL‐like association, and isolated anorectal malformation
Authors: Thiem Corina E. , Stegmann Jil D. , Hilger Alina C. , Waffenschmidt Lea , Bendixen Charlotte , Köllges Ricarda , Schmiedeke Eberhard , Schäfer Frank‐Mattias , Lacher Martin , Kosch Ferdinand , Grasshoff‐Derr Sabine , Kabs Carmen , Neser Jörg , Jenetzky Ekkehart , Fazaal Julia , Schumacher Johannes , Hoefele Julia , Ludwig Kerstin U. , Reutter Heiko
Published: April 2022

Background

The acronym VATER/VACTERL association describes the combination of at least three component features (CFs): vertebral defects (V), anorectal malformations (ARM) (A), cardiac defects (C), tracheoesophageal fistula with or without esophageal atresia (TE), renal malformations (R), and limb defects (L). Individuals presenting two CFs have been termed VATER/VACTERL‐like. Recently, FOXF1, HSPA6, HAAO, KYNU, TRAP1, and ZIC3 have been proposed as candidate genes for VATER/VACTERL, VATER/VACTERL‐like, and ARM. Re‐sequencing studies identified disease‐causing variants in TRAP1 and ZIC3, the contribution of other genes was not independently investigated. One affected variant carrier in FOXF1 was previously identified. Here we re‐sequenced FOXF1, HSPA6, HAAO, and KYNU in 522 affected individuals.

Methods

Using molecular inversion probe (MIP) technology, re‐sequencing was performed in 63 individuals with VATER/VACTERL association, 313 with VATER/VACTERL‐like association, and 146 with ARM. All individuals were of European ethnicity. Variant filtering considered variants with a minor allele frequency (MAF) ≤0.01 for putative recessive disease‐genes HSPA6, HAAO, and KYNU. For the putative dominant disease‐gene FOXF1 we considered variants with a MAF ≤0.0001. In silico prediction tools were used for further prioritization.

Results

Only two variants in FOXF1 in two independently affected individuals [c.443G>T, p.(Cys148Phe); c.850T>C, p.(Tyr284His)] passed our filter criteria. One individual presented with ARM, the second presented with TE and C comprising atrial and ventricular septal defects. Sanger sequencing confirmed both variants but also their inheritance from the healthy mother.

Conclusion

Our analysis suggests that FOXF1, HSPA6, HAAO and KYNU do not play a major role in the formation of VACTER/VACTERL phenotypes or ARM.
Reactions of a Four‐Membered Borete with Carbon, Silicon, and Gallium Donor Ligands: Fused and Spiro‐Type Boracycles
Authors: Güven Zeynep , Denker Lars , Dolati Hadi , Wullschläger Daniela , Trzaskowski Bartosz , Frank René
Published: April 2022

Donor‐acceptor cyclopropanes or cyclobutanes are dipolar reagents, which are widely used in the synthesis of complex organic (hetero)cycles in ring expansion reactions. Applying this concept to boron containing heterocycles, the four‐membered boretecyclo‐iPr2N‐BC10H6reacted with the carbon donor ligands 2,6‐xylylisonitrile and the carbene IMes :C(NMesCH)2with ring expansion and ring fusion, respectively. In particular, the tetracyclic structure formed with IMes displays zwitterionic character and absorption in the visible region. In contrast to the carbene IMes, the heavier carbenoids :Si(NDippCH)2and :Ga(AmIm) with a two‐coordinate donor atom affordspiro‐type bicyclic compounds, which display four‐coordinate geometry at silicon or gallium. (TD‐)DFT calculations provide deeper insight into the mechanism of formation and the absorption properties of these new compounds.
The ecosystem impacts of dominant species exclusion in a prairie restoration
Authors: Hernández Daniel L. , Antia Alice , McKone Mark J.
Published: April 2022

Dominant species often have disproportionately high abundance in restored communities compared to native remnants, which potentially could reduce the conservation value of restorations. Research is needed to determine how the abundance of dominant species in restoration plantings affects community assembly, species diversity, and ecosystem function. Most studies of dominant species in grasslands were modeled after experiments on keystone species, using the short‐term experimental removal of dominants to test their functional role in ecosystems. However, the removal of established dominants constitutes a major disturbance that may influence the interpretation of their long‐term functional impact. To address this, we experimentally assembled high‐diversity tallgrass prairie communities that included or excluded the predicted dominant species (Andropogon gerardii and Sorghastrum nutans) from the seed mix at the time of planting, but without further manipulation of community composition. From 2013 to 2019, we measured several ecosystem functions and community dynamics in the presence or absence of dominants. Communities that included the dominant species had lower species richness, greater aboveground biomass, and reduced light availability at the soil surface. Dominant species presence also increased soil nutrient availability and rates of litter decomposition, although dominant grass litter decomposed more slowly than litter from other common species in both treatments. In the absence of the dominant grasses, communities were instead dominated by a common unplanted forb, Solidago altissima, and there was partial compensation in ecosystem functioning in these forb‐dominated communities. The effects of dominant species exclusion may only be apparent in long‐term studies of experimentally assembled communities that avoid the legacy effects associated with removal experiments. Furthermore, our results suggest that prairie restorations that limit or exclude the dominant grasses in seed mixes may achieve higher species diversity, increasing the conservation value of these systems.
Connecting Organic Redox‐Active Building Blocks through Mild Noncatalytic C−H Activation
Authors: Wild Ute , Hübner Olaf , Enders Markus , Kaifer Elisabeth , Himmel Hans‐Jörg
Published: April 2022

Compounds with two or more redox‐active units, connected by a bridge that supports electronic coupling between the units, have been studied for a long time. Redox reactions could result in mixed‐valence compounds, in which the electronic structure depends on the degree of electronic coupling. Here we report the synthesis of the first molecule in which two redox‐active guanidines are connected through a bridge. The compound is synthesized in an unprecedented, simple one‐step procedure involving an atom‐economically favorable, non‐catalytic C−H activation reaction at room temperature from novel 1,2,4‐trisguanidino‐benzene molecules and 1,4‐benzenedithiol. We then apply similar protocols to introduce other substituents in 5‐position of a 1,2,4‐trisguanidino‐benzene molecule, demonstrating the scope of these exceptional C−H activation reactions. Finally, we report the synthesis of a hexakisguanidino‐biphenyl by direct coupling of two trisguanidino‐benzene units through C−H activation. Its oxidation leads to the first mixed‐valence compound with charge delocalization between two redox‐active guanidino units. The redox states of the resulting novel compounds are systematically studied.
Values‐based cognitive behavioural therapy for the prevention of chronic whiplash associated disorders: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Andersen Tonny Elmose , Ravn Sophie L. , Mejldal Anna , Roessler Kirsten Kaya
Published: April 2022

Background

Whiplash is a common traffic‐related injury with up to 50% of those affected continuing to experience symptoms one‐year post‐injury. Unfortunately, treatments have not proven highly effective in preventing and treating chronic symptomatology. The overall aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of an early values‐based cognitive‐behavioural therapeutic intervention (V‐CBT) delivered within 6 months post‐injury in preventing chronic symptomatology compared to wait list controls.

Methods

The study was a two‐armed randomized controlled trial. Participants (n = 91) experienced pain, disability and at least one psychological risk factor (e.g. enhanced pain‐catastrophizing) after a whiplash trauma no later than 6 months prior. Participants were randomized to 10 sessions of V‐CBT starting 1 week (group A) or 3 months (group B) post‐randomization. The primary outcome was pain‐related disability, while secondary outcomes were pain intensity, neck‐pain related disability, depression, anxiety, PTSD symptoms, pain‐catastrophizing and kinesiophobia. These were evaluated at baseline and at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months post‐randomization.

Results

At 3 months, group A demonstrated clinically important effects on all outcomes that were significantly better than group B (waitlist). When group B received the intervention at 6 months, they also demonstrated clinically important effects on all outcomes. However, there was a significant difference at 12 months for the primary outcome, in which group B increased their disability levels, while group A remained stable.

Conclusions

While this indicates that an intervention window for early prevention of disability after whiplash injury may exist, this needs to be tested in a truly early intervention.

Significance

An early Values‐based Cognitive Behavioural Therapeutic intervention delivered within 6 months post‐injury (mean days 117) was effective in reducing pain‐related disability and psychological distress compared to the control group that received the intervention later after a three months wait‐list period. The effects were sustained at 12 months follow‐up. The early intervention was significantly more effective in reducing pain‐related disability compared to the control group, indicating that an intervention window for early prevention of disability after whiplash injury may exist.
Recent Development and Perspectives of Solvents and Electrode Materials for Electrochemical Oxidative Degradation of Lignin
Authors: Li Penghui , Zhou Hui , Tao Yuting , Ren Jianpeng , Wu Caiwen , Wu Wenjuan
Published: April 2022

Lignin is the most abundant potential renewable resource of aromatic structural units. Turning lignin into high‐value compounds, such as fuels, adhesives or refined chemicals, is the cornerstone and focus of biorefinery in the future. Depolymerization of lignin can convert its macromolecules towards smaller molecules (monomers or oligomers) allowing it to be used for further applications. Electrochemical depolymerization is an excellent method of green and sustainable transformation, which can effectively avoid reagent waste and mild reaction. This review pretents the research progress of lignin electrochemical oxidation in recent years, summarizes the effects of solvent system (alkaline solvent, ionic liquid and deep eutectic solvents, as well as different lignin concentration and medium), electrode materials (platinum, gold, copper, nickel, cobalt, lead dioxide, tin dioxide and titanium‐based metal electrodes) and electrolytic parameters (current density, temperature, reaction time and photocatalysis) on the oxidative degradation efficiency and product distribution of lignin, and prospects its development. The development of low‐cost electrode materials and efficient solvent systems will still be an important direction for the high‐value and high‐quality application of lignin.
Are there outcome differences between NAFLD and metabolic‐associated fatty liver disease?
Authors: Younossi Zobair M. , Paik James M. , Al Shabeeb Reem , Golabi Pegah , Younossi Issah , Henry Linda
Published: April 2022

Background

Given the association of NAFLD with metabolic risks, a name change to MAFLD is proposed. We compared the long‐term outcomes of NAFLD and MAFLD.

Methods

We included patients with fatty liver disease (FLD) from NHANES III and NHANES 2017–2018 (FLD defined as moderate to severe hepatic steatosis by ultrasound for NHANES III and as having a controlled attenuation parameter ≥285 dB/m for NHANES 2017–2018). NAFLD was defined as FLD without other liver diseases and excess alcohol use. Metabolic‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) was defined as FLD and metabolic dysfunction per criteria. All NHANES III participants had linked mortality data through December 31, 2015.

Results

NHANES III participants (n = 12,878): mean age 43.1 years old; 49.5% male; 20.3% with FLD, 16.5% with NAFLD, and 18.1% with MAFLD. NHANES 2017–2018 participants (n = 4328): mean age 48.0 years old; 49.1% male; 36.8% with FLD, 34.2% with NAFLD, and 36.3% with MAFLD. Excellent concordance was noted between MAFLD and NAFLD diagnosis in both data sets (kappa coefficient = 0.83–0.94). Except for components of each definition (e.g., alcohol use for MAFLD), no other major differences in clinical characteristics were noted. During up to 27 years of follow‐up (median of 22.8 years), no differences in cumulative all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality were noted. In addition to the stage of fibrosis, insulin resistance was a predictor of liver mortality in NAFLD, and alcohol‐associated liver disease (ALD) was a predictor of mortality in MAFLD.

Conclusions

MAFLD and NAFLD have similar clinical profiles and long‐term outcomes. The increased liver‐related mortality among NAFLD is driven by insulin resistance, and among MAFLD is primarily driven by ALD.
Interactions Between Diabetes Mellitus and Osteoarthritis: From Animal Studies to Clinical Data
Authors: Rios‐Arce Naiomy D. , Hum Nicholas R. , Loots Gabriela G.
Published: April 2022

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and osteoarthritis (OA) are commonly known metabolic diseases that affect a large segment of the world population. These two conditions share several risk factors such as obesity and aging; however, there is still no consensus regarding the direct role of DM on OA development and progression. Interestingly, both animal and human studies have yielded conflicting results, with some showing a significant role for DM in promoting OA, while others found no significant interactions between these conditions. In this review, we will discuss preclinical and clinical data that assessed the interaction between DM and OA. We will also discuss possible mechanisms associated with the effect of high glucose on the articular cartilage and chondrocytes. An emerging theme dominates the breath of published work in this area: most of the studies discussed in this review do not take into consideration the role of other factors such as the type of diabetes, age, biological sex, type of animal model, body mass index, and the use of pain medications when analyzing and interpreting data. Therefore, future studies should be more rigorous when designing experiments looking at DM and its effects on OA and should carefully account for these confounding factors, so that better approaches can be developed for monitoring and treating patients at risk of OA and DM. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
miR‐122 and the WNT/β‐catenin pathway inhibit effects of both interleukin‐1β and tumor necrosis factor‐α in articular chondrocytes in vitro
Authors: Scott Kayla M. , Cohen D. Joshua , Boyan Barbara D. , Schwartz Zvi
Published: April 2022

Interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), and WNT/β‐catenin signaling cause dysregulation of rat primary articular chondrocytes (rArCs), resulting in cartilage extracellular matrix destruction and osteoarthritis (OA) progression. microRNA (miR) miR‐122 represses these effects whereas miR‐451 exacerbates IL‐1β‐stimulated matrix metalloproteinase‐13 (MMP‐13) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production. The goals of this study were to evaluate crosstalk between these signaling pathways and determine if miR‐122 and miR‐451 exert their protective/destructive effects through these pathways in an in vitro model of OA. Primary rArCs were treated with IL‐1β or TNF‐α for 24 h and total DNA, MMP‐13, and PGE2, as well as expression levels of miR‐122 and miR‐451 were measured. After 24‐h transfection with miR‐122, miR‐451, miR‐122‐inhibitor, or miR‐451‐inhibitor, rArCs were treated with or without TNF‐α for 24 h; total DNA, MMP‐13, and PGE2 were measured. Similarly, cells were treated with WNT‐agonist lithium chloride (LiCl), WNT‐antagonist XAV‐939 (XAV), or PKF‐118‐310 (PKF) with and without IL‐1β or TNF‐α stimulation. Both IL‐1β and TNF‐α‐stimulation increased MMP‐13 and PGE2 production. Transfection with miR‐122 prevented TNF‐α‐stimulated increases in MMP‐13 and PGE2 whereas transfection with miR‐451 did not change these levels. No differences were found in MMP‐13 or PGE2 production with miR‐122 or miR‐451 inhibitors. LiCl treatment decreased PGE2 production in cultures treated with TNF‐α, but not MMP‐13. XAV increased TNF‐α‐stimulated increases in PGE2 but not MMP‐13. LiCl reduced IL‐1β‐stimulated increases in MMP‐13 and PGE2. XAV and PKF increased IL‐1β‐stimulated increases in MMP‐13 and PGE2. In this in vitro OA model, miR‐122 protects against both IL‐1β and TNF‐α stimulated increases in MMP‐13 and PGE2 production. miR‐451 does not act through the TNF‐α pathway. The WNT/β‐catenin pathway regulates the effects of IL‐1β and TNF‐α stimulation. This study suggests that miR‐122 can be used as a treatment or prevention for OA.
Logical fallacies and misinterpretations that hinder progress in translational addiction neuroscience
Authors: Strickland Justin C. , Stoops William W. , Banks Matthew L. , Gipson Cassandra D.
Published: April 2022

Substance use disorders (SUDs) are heterogeneous and complex, making the development of translationally predictive rodent and nonhuman primate models to uncover their neurobehavioral underpinnings difficult. Neuroscience‐focused outcomes have become highly prevalent, and with this, the notion that SUDs are disorders of the brain embraced as a dominant theoretical orientation to understand SUD etiology and treatment. These efforts, however, have led to few efficacious pharmacotherapies, and in some cases (as with cocaine or methamphetamine), no pharmacotherapies have translated from preclinical models for clinical use. In this theoretical commentary, we first describe the development of animal models of substance use behaviors from a historical perspective. We then define and discuss three logical fallacies including 1) circular explanation, 2) affirming the consequent, and 3) reification that can apply to developed models. We then provide three case examples in which conceptual or logical issues exist in common methods (i.e., behavioral economic demand, escalation, and reinstatement). Alternative strategies to refocus behavioral models are suggested for the field to better bridge the translational divide between animal models, the clinical condition of SUDs, and current and future regulatory pathways for intervention development.
Lipid‐based strategies used to identify extracellular vesicles in flow cytometry can be confounded by lipoproteins: Evaluations of annexin V, lactadherin, and detergent lysis
Authors: Botha Jaco , Handberg Aase , Simonsen Jens B.
Published: April 2022

Flow cytometry (FCM) is a popular method used in characterisation of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Circulating EVs are often identified by FCM by exploiting the lipid nature of EVs by staining with Annexin V (Anx5) or lactadherin against the membrane phospholipid phosphatidylserine (PS) and evaluating the specificity of the labels by detergent lysis of EVs. Here, we investigate whether PS labelling and detergent lysis approaches are confounded by lipoproteins, another family of lipid‐based nanoparticles found in blood, in both frozen and fresh blood plasma. We demonstrated that Anx5 and lactadherin in addition to EVs stained ApoB‐containing lipoproteins, identified by the use of fluorophore‐labelled polyclonal ApoB‐antibody, and that Anx5 had a significantly larger tendency for labelling lipoprotein‐bound PS than lactadherin. Furthermore, detergent lysis resulted in a decrease in both EV and lipoprotein events and especially lipoproteins positive for either Anx5 or lactadherin. Taken together, our findings pose concerns to the use of lipid‐based strategies in identifying EVs by FCM and support the use of transmembrane proteins such as tetraspannins to distinguish EVs from lipoproteins.
African trading brokers in China: The internet, Covid‐19 and the transformation of low‐end globalization
Authors: Mathews Gordon
Published: April 2022

African trading brokers in China buy knock‐off or copy goods and move them through customs via bribery to African ports; this trade, although illegal, brings desired global products to Africa. This paper, based on interviews with African trading brokers, examines how the internet and Covid‐19 have affected their trade. African customers can now find out the accurate prices of goods; computerized customs regimes make bribery difficult; and Covid‐19 has raised shipping costs. While the informal economic arrangements of these trading brokers will probably continue despite policymakers' efforts to eradicate them, China may no longer be the source of their goods.
Through the relational looking glass: Applications of relational–cultural theory to career development and mental health
Authors: Chan Christian D. , Hammer Tonya R. , Richardson Lawrence , Hughes Crystal L.
Published: April 2022

Social justice and advocacy have been characterized as foundational underpinnings in the history of career development practices. Despite the uptick of research synthesizing social justice, advocacy, and career development, theories centering social justice have distinctly focused on individual career development rather than identifying relationships as the driver for growth and change. Established in feminist philosophical underpinnings, relational–cultural theory (RCT) illuminates the importance of social justice, mutuality, and relationships that promote employees’ authenticity and mental health. This article describes (a) an overview of RCT tenets; (b) the connection among RCT, career development, and wellness; and (c) a case example for application.
Controlling Solution‐State Aggregation and Solid‐State Microstructures of Conjugated Polymers by Tuning Backbone Conformation
Authors: Wu Hao‐Tian , Yao Ze‐Fan , Xu Zhe , Kong Hua‐Kang , Wang Xin‐Yi , Li Qi‐Yi , Wang Jie‐Yu , Pei Jian
Published: April 2022

Molecular ordering of conjugated polymers both in solution‐state aggregates and in solid‐state microstructures is a determining factor of the charge transport properties in optoelectronic devices. However, the effect of backbone conformation in conjugated polymers on assembly structures is still unclear. Herein, to understand such backbone conformation effect, three novel chlorinated benzodifurandionge‐based oligo(p‐phenylene vinylene) (BDOPV) polymers are systematically developed. These BDOPV‐based polymers exhibit significantly twisted backbone conformation (near 90° interunit torsion angle) between conjugated units, which can prevent polymer chains from forming ordered assembly structures by increasing conformational energy penalty in closely packed chains. A higher rotational barrier of the torsion angle would further prevent polymer chains from assembling, finally resulting in nonaggregated chains in solution and highly disordered solid‐state packing structures. This work will deepen the understanding of the relationship between polymer backbone conformation and assembly structures, contributing to the exploration of the structure–property relationship of polymers.
Determinants of the efficiency of Spanish public broadcasting channels: A data envelopment analysis bootstrapping approach
Authors: Cifuentes‐Faura Javier
Published: April 2022

The autonomous public mass media must strengthen the linguistic and cultural diversity of a region. It is questioned whether its financing and management model is appropriate in view of the economic problems it often faces. It has been studied the efficiency of 11 Spanish public broadcasting channels using data envelopment analysis to know which ones have a higher efficiency and to determine in what ways should the lower efficiency channels improve. Furthermore, via bootstrapping, it is determined if variables such as having an indigenous language or the population affect the efficiency of the channel.
Accurate demand response participation in regulating power system frequency by Modified Active Disturbance Rejection Control
Authors: Rouhani Seyed Hossein , Mojallali Hamed , Baghramian Alfred
Published: April 2022

One of the significant problems in demand response (DR) participation in the smart power system is calculating how much electrical power is required to extract from DR ( ) to keep the power system frequency in the allowable range. Calculating the precise amount of this value is impossible due to the random nature of load disturbance (LoD). In this paper, a new method is presented to control the DR participation in the load frequency control considering communication time delay. Extended State Observer is used to estimate the magnitude of the LoD, considering the structural uncertainty of the power system parameters. Then, the DR program is implemented in load frequency control to compensate the whole or part of LoD considering the available electrical power at the aggregators (PAV‐AGG) and communication time delay. Afterward, Active Disturbance Rejection Control is modified and adopted to control the uncompensated LoD. The salp swarm algorithm is employed to design the parameters of the proposed method, which is verified in comparison with the previous methods. The results demonstrate that the presented approach has potentially significant performance, assisting the power system frequency to be damped immediately with the small overshoot and undershoot.
Sample size and precision of estimates in studies of depression screening tool accuracy: A meta‐research review of studies published in 2018–2021
Authors: Nassar Elsa‐Lynn , Levis Brooke , Neyer Marieke A. , Rice Danielle B. , Booij Linda , Benedetti Andrea , Thombs Brett D.
Published: April 2022

Objectives

Depression screening tool accuracy studies should be conducted with large enough sample sizes to generate precise accuracy estimates. We assessed the proportion of recently published depression screening tool diagnostic accuracy studies that reported sample size calculations; the proportion that provided confidence intervals (CIs); and precision, based on the width and lower bounds of 95% CIs for sensitivity and specificity. In addition, we assessed whether these results have improved since a previous review of studies published in 2013–2015.

Methods

MEDLINE was searched from January 1, 2018, through May 21, 2021.

Results

Twelve of 106 primary studies (11%) described a viable sample size calculation, which represented an improvement of 8% since the last review. Thirty‐six studies (34%) provided reasonably accurate CIs. Of 103 studies where 95% CIs were provided or could be calculated, seven (7%) had sensitivity CI widths of ≤10%, whereas 58 (56%) had widths of ≥21%. Eighty‐four studies (82%) had lower bounds of CIs <80% for sensitivity and 77 studies (75%) for specificity. These results were similar to those reported previously.

Conclusion

Few studies reported sample size calculations, and the number of included individuals in most studies was too small to generate reasonably precise accuracy estimates.
Toward Bio‐Sourced Elastomers with Reactive/Polar Groups. Myrcene – Glycidyl Methacrylate Copolymerization: Reactivity Ratios, Properties, and Preliminary RAFT Emulsion Polymerization
Authors: Pablo‐Morales Ángel , Treviño, María Esther , Saldívar‐Guerra Enrique
Published: April 2022

There is a pronounced need of replacing fossil‐origin materials with sustainable ones. Myrcene (Myr) is a biobased terpene‐type monomer derived from diverse plants that is a potential substitute for diene monomers (e.g., butadiene), in the manufacture of elastomers. Here, the copolymerization of Myr with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) is studied as a candidate route for producing functional/polar elastomers. Reactivity ratios (RR) for this system are estimated using the error‐in‐variables method resulting in rMyr =  0.519 ± 0.062 and rGMA =  0.301 ± 0.014, indicating an alternating tendency. The copolymers obtained exhibit number‐average molecular weights (Mn) in the range 42–674 kDa that markedly increase with the GMA content and dispersities in the range 1.49–1.90. The addition of Myr units predominantly results (1H‐NMR) in the 1,4 cis microstructure (94–97%) that increases with the GMA content. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis is performed in some of the copolymer samples. Additionally, preliminary emulsion copolymerizations of Myr‐GMA are carried out at 70 °C, 15% solids, with potassium persulfate as initiator and 4‐cyano‐4‐[(dodecyl sulfanylthiocarbonyl)sulfanyl] pentanoic acid as RAFT agent, yielding conversions of 74–85% in 24 h and gel contents of 17–78% that increase with increasing GMA (0–21%) fed. The GMA presence in the copolymer is demonstrated by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis.