bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adoption on Cassava Technology Package to Improve the Plant Growth in Kalasan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Astuti Agung , Mulyono
Published: November 2024

Production of cassava in Kalasan is still low. The problem faced is to improve cassava growth, thereby increasing cassava yields. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of mycorrhizal inoculation, stem wounding soaked in PGPR, and spraying nano EPOFB ash fertilizer on the growth of cassava plants. The demonstration plot for planting cassava in Kalasan field was arranged in a completely randomized block design (CRBD), with single factor treatments, namely: A = stem without wounding (control), B = stem with wounding and soaked in PGPR, C = stem without wounding and inoculated with mycorrhiza, D = stem without wounding and sprayed with nano EPOFB ash fertilizer, E = stem with wounding + soaked in PGPR + inoculated with mycorrhiza + sprayed with nano EPOFB ash fertilizer. The results showed that the application of the innovative technology package (stem with wounding + soaked in PGPR + inoculated with mycorrhiza + sprayed with nano EPOFB ash fertilizer) to cassava cultivation in Kalasan had an effect on the percentage of mycorrhizal colonization, increased the dry weight of the roots, and accelerated the emergence of large numbers of shoots, thereby producing the highest number of leaves despite the shortest plant height.
Optimization of Solar Power Huts: Efforts to Accelerate Electrifying Agriculture for Farmer Groups in West Plembutan, Gunungkidul
Authors: Sutoyo Sutoyo , Yudhanto Ferriawan , Hendriyawan Achmad M.S.
Published: November 2024

The use of modern agricultural tools is expected to be able to boost the productivity of farming businesses, namely through electrifying agriculture. Generally, in remote areas, it is difficult to provide a source of electricity except by generating electricity from renewable sources such as solar energy. In general, the solution to the problem at hand lies in the transformation to solar energy applications. It is necessary to immediately build a solar-powered electric hut on the land of the farmer group. In its use, this solar power hut will be prioritized to supply the energy needs of irrigation pumps in the dry season. In addition, the availability of this resource will support modern agricultural patterns by utilizing electrically powered equipment and even being able to apply agricultural automation technology. As a result, a solar-powered electrical installation with a panel power of 400 WP with the support of a 12 VDC 200 Ah battery was installed. The total power during the day ranges from 1920 Wh assuming 80% usage. This result is quite helpful for irrigation systems in the dry season. For other low-power electrical equipment applications such as automatic water sprayers, this solar power is very capable.
Technology for using wood saw waste in the development of oyster mushrooms in Karangsari Village, Sapuran, Wonosobo, Central Java
Authors: Widodo Aris Slamet , Yudhanto Ferriawan , Qomariyah Puji , Ulum Bahrul
Published: November 2024

Karangsari Village is one of the sawmill center villages, with 18 sawmills. From these factories, there is approximately 22 tons of sawdust waste every day. To this day, this waste has not been utilized and is simply thrown away, left to rot into organic fertilizer naturally. One use of sawmill waste is to develop oyster mushroom baglog. Oyster mushrooms are one of the agricultural commodities that are suitable for growth and development in Karangsari Village. The purpose of this community empowerment is to introduce and initiate oyster mushroom cultivation to the Karangsari Village community as well as mentoring the Mutiara Karangsari Village-Owned Enterprise. The methods that will be used are socialization, training, demonstrations, and mentoring. Implementation of activities in 2024 in Karangsari Village, Sapuran District, Wonosobo Regency, Central Java. The results of community empowerment show that increasing public knowledge by 95% about the potential for using saw waste to develop oyster mushroom cultivation. Increasing community capacity by 80% regarding oyster mushroom cultivation techniques. Increasing community skills by 60% in creating oyster mushroom cultivation demonstration plots. Increasing public understanding by 75% in managing and analyzing the benefits of oyster mushrooms cultivation. The level of satisfaction and evaluation of community service activities through the use of saw waste to develop oyster mushroom cultivation in Karangsari Village is in the very satisfactory category.
Optimization of Yard Land Use for Community Food Independence in Giripeni Village, Wates, Kulonprogo
Authors: Sarjiyah  , Istiyanti Eni , Widiyantono Didik
Published: November 2024

To achieve food independence and security, people can use their yard as a productive land for farming tubers, vegetables, fruits, and medicinal herbs. Additionally, animal farming, such as poultry and fish farming, can be incorporated to obtain advanced farming. Through these attempts, each household is expected to have an accessible nutrient source. In the Giripeni village, yard farming is a novel concept due to limited skills and knowledge. Therefore, the current study aimed to conduct a community service program for the community of Giripeni village to educate and provide training about optimal and productive yard land use. The villagers can achieve food independence by properly knowing yard land farming technologies. Activity in this study includes training, workshops, actual farming, and counseling on yard land management through integrated farming of tubers, vegetables, fruits, medicinal herbs, and animal farming, as well as monitoring and evaluating the resulting farms. The results of this study found that through community service activities, the community of Giripeni village showed improved skills and knowledge of yard land use. The villagers were able to perform farming of horticulture and animal products and, subsequently, improve their family’s food independence and access to food sources.
IoT performance analysis on water infrastructure to support optimization of catfish cultivation
Authors: Chamim Anna Nur Nazilah , Loniza Erika , Jusman Yessi , Arrayan Ahmad Zakky , Ananta Asy-Syifa Febya , Ardyansyah Bintang Alvin
Published: November 2024

In recent years, IoT has become a reliable technology in the agricultural sector to optimize cultivation results. In the Marsudi Luhur breeder group, the harvest results were not optimal because many catfish died and gave off a bad smell. According to several references, to ensure healthy growth of catfish, continuous irrigation of the pond is required even though the flow rate is low. The location of the catfish pond is quite far from residential areas so it is not practical to monitor irrigation performance by frequently visiting the pond area. Therefore, this project aims to create an IoT-based smart farming system using the Blynk application. The system has been successfully implemented to help monitor and control solenoid performance and water flow remotely. The results show that the IoT-based smart system has performed well and has the potential to increase efficiency, comfort and productivity in managing catfish ponds.
Architectural Design of IoT Agricultural System in Indonesia
Authors: Purbohadi Dwijoko , Azizah Laila Ma’rifatul , Prahara Pamungkas Jutta
Published: November 2024

Indonesia’s agricultural system is gradually transitioning towards a contemporary agricultural system. The agricultural system in Indonesia is characterized by its distinctiveness, encompassing a wide range of commodities and diverse meteorological conditions. Situations of this nature necessitate an automation approach based on the Internet of Things (IoT). We design three primary components in its architectural design: the user control and monitoring module, the sensing module, and the action module. The user control and monitoring module facilitates instantaneous monitoring and control through mobile devices and websites, while securely storing gathered data on remote cloud servers. The sensing module acquires environmental data, including light intensity, temperature, and soil moisture, and subsequently transmits this data to the control system via LoRa technology. The control system analyses this data and provides commands to modules that carry out operations such as irrigation, lighting, and nutrient spraying. LoRa technology is highly suitable for long-range communications with minimal power usage, making it an excellent choice for rural locations with unreliable networks. This architectural design enables independent monitoring and control of environmental factors to guarantee the most favourable conditions for crop development, consequently enhancing agricultural efficiency, productivity, and sustainability.
Development and Implementation of a Chopper Machine to Improve the Quality of Chopped Grass for Sheep Feed in the Muhammadiyah Agribusiness Centre
Authors: Anugrah Rinasa Agistya , Widyianto Agus , Mulyono  , Yudhanto Ferriawan
Published: November 2024

The Muhammadiyah Agribusiness Centre has a target of adding 100 sheep each year. The sheep cultivated here are owned by the congregation or residents entrusted with the principle of profit sharing. This centralized land has exceptional land for providing animal feed. This land is planted with various types of grass as the primary food for sheep. And so far, workers still chop manually without the help of machines. It can be done with the help of a grass-cutting machine to increase the capacity of chopping grass for animal feed. This research method involves design, manufacturing process, functional test, capacity of chopping, percentage of grass cutting length, performance test, fuel consumption test, noise test, and profit calculation of sheep farming. The result is that the fuel consumption of the chopping machine is 1.33 hours per liter with a constant engine speed of 3000 rpm. The best grass-chopping results are at 3000 rpm engine speed, and the best grass-chopping is odot grass with the best percentage of the grass-cutting length of 46%. However, at 3000 rpm, it produces the highest noise, 102.1 dB. And the net profit of sheep fattening is 513,750 rupiahs per sheep per month.
Relationship oral self-efficacy toward tooth-brushing behaviors in children
Authors: Arinawati Dian Yosi , Sholahuddin Sholahuddin , Febria Nyka Dwi , Mahardika Christina
Published: November 2024

The issue of oral and dental health continues to pose a significant global challenge, particularly for individuals with limited economic means. Extensive literature has highlighted the substantial influence of an individual’s perceived self-efficacy on health-related behaviors and outcomes, including those related to oral health. This study aims to assess the relationship between children’s self-efficacy in oral care, particularly in tooth brushing behavior, and the incidence of tooth pain. This study employed an observational analytic approach with a cross-sectional design. Data was collected by administering questionnaires to 53 students at Klangon Elementary School in Bantul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The primary aim of the questionnaire was to gauge positive sentiments regarding oral hygiene practices, emphasizing the expected high frequency of “Strongly Agree” responses. However, the predominant response observed among participants leaned towards the “Neither Agree nor Disagree” option, indicating a prevailing tendency towards neutrality in their attitudes. The research findings revealed that 46 out of 53 children, representing 86.79% of the sample, reported experiencing the most significant tooth pain. In comparison, only seven children, accounting for 13.21%, reported being entirely free of pain. The analysis using Spearman’s two-tailed test indicates a weak correlation (correlation coefficient of 0.12) between individuals’ self- efficacy in tooth brushing behavior and their reported experiences with tooth pain. The p-value of 0.41 suggests this correlation is not statistically significant (p>0.05). Therefore, it can be inferred that there is no meaningful association between oral self-efficacy and tooth-brushing behavior.
Nursing Professionalism Training (NURS-PRONING) to Improve Professional Behaviour and Identity among Nursing Students In Malaysia
Authors: Noviani Wulan , Indarwati Ferika , Titih Huriah  , Rahmasari Farindira Vesti , Chan Chong Mei , Yoong Tang Li
Published: November 2024

Professionalism is a crucial aspect of professional health education because impacting on patient safety and quality of health services. However, teaching professionalism in nursing education is still rare. A recent study found that confusion between learning and assessment professionalism and training session. Lack of professionalism is common problem among Indonesian and Malaysian nursing students as it is difficult to define, teach and assess. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of nursing professionalism training (NURS-PRONING) on students’s professional behavior and identity. The study was carried out at Nursing Department, University of Malaya, Malaysia with 56 students who participated in this program. The procedure of training has been developed by literatures related professionalism teaching and consisted of nine learning activities that innovative using interactive teaching skills and integrated with technology. The professional behavior has been measured using Nursing Students Professional Behavior Scale (NSPBS) twice in pre-test and post- test. Then, the student nurses draw the professional identity in the module of training. The data analysis of this study was used statistical software and thematic content analysis. The finding showed that professional behavior after training improve significantly compared to before training. The drawing analysis of professional identity found five themes, including appearances, personality, roles of nurses, skills and self-perception. The result showed that 56 students nurses have significantly improved in professional behavior and can describe their professional identity.
Application of Robot Technology Games in Learning Activities
Authors: Loniza Erika , Apriyanto Noor Pratama , Kurniawan Andriyatna Agung , Darsono Susilo Nur Aji Cokro , Chairunnisa Kurnia
Published: November 2024

Students of 8F ICT class in the 7th Muhammadiyah High School of Yogyakarta lack understanding of the assembly process and software connection, resulting in difficulties in comprehending the communication process between robots and their control systems. The purpose of this community service is to increase understanding of electronic components, related understanding of how to stack and assemble a simple set of robots, as well as training in assembly of robotic media and software for communication with robots. The methods employed in this community service involve delivering lectures on robotics in a straightforward manner, providing training in basic robotics, and assessing activities through the use of a questionnaire utilizing a Likert scale for evaluation. Based on the data obtained through activities, it is known that the activities have a positive effect in improving logical thinking skills, creative thinking abilities, problem-solving skills and capacity for teamwork through learning robotics training.In addition, the evaluation of the activity has a score of 83.87% which means that the activity is in the very good category.
Empowering the Green Economy with Innovative Biopori Solutions
Authors: Saptutyningsih Endah , Paripurna Kamiel Berli , Idvi Nugrahani Eva , Mubarrok Wafiyulloh
Published: November 2024

Consumption increases lead to an increase in waste output. Pollution must be avoided by recycling. Although household garbage has economic potential, its usage is hampered by a lack of information. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the community of Panggungharjo Bantul, Indonesia, with regard to their knowledge, utilization, and attitudes towards the current organic waste management system. Finding a relationship between respondent characteristics and organic waste management techniques is another goal of the study. Following a community service program, a questionnaire survey was employed in the study. An instrument that had been validated and self-administered was used to survey the thirty-two houses, after which the data would be examined. The results of this study indicate that following the training, there was a rise in public awareness and knowledge of organic waste management, and biopore technology. The households were willing to employ biopore technology and were aware of the current program for managing organic waste. The program’s capacity to handle organic waste from homes will help the green economy by creating compost and maybe boosting GDP. It seeks to advance sustainable development, raise community knowledge of the value of environmental sustainability, and offer immediate social and economic advantages.
Design and Simulation of Double-Nozzle Venturi Bubble Generator for Aeration System
Authors: Thoharudin  , Sudarja  , Sunardi  , Kusuma Yu dha Fitroh Anugrah , Nugroho Arif Setyo , Asyara Pudjianto Aqiel Zahrivan
Published: November 2024

Aquatic organisms rely heavily on oxygen for survival and maintaining adequate dissolved oxygen (DO) levels is crucial for the health and productivity of aquaculture systems. Aeration methods, such as venturi bubble generators, play a vital role in enhancing DO concentrations by facilitating oxygen transfer from the atmosphere to water. This study explores the performance of traditional venturi bubble generators and introduces a novel double-nozzle design for potential improvements in energy efficiency and oxygen transfer. Using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), we compared the performance of conventional half-inch and one- inch venturi bubble generators to a newly proposed double-nozzle design. Pressure profiles, velocity distributions, turbulence characteristics, bubble size distributions, and energy losses were evaluated to assess the effectiveness of each design. Results revealed significant differences in performance among the three venturi bubble generator designs. Compared to traditional designs, the double-nozzle configuration demonstrated superior characteristics, including smaller bubble sizes, more uniform bubble distribution, and higher turbulence levels. However, the double- nozzle venturi bubble generator also exhibited notable power losses due to pressure fluctuations.
Development of an Integrated Home-Based Jamu Industry to Improve the Quality of Product Diversification in Yogyakarta: Case study in Kiringan, Bantul
Authors: Wisnu Rubiyanto Cahyo , Shafwan Hawwari Idham , Rahayu Lestari , Rina Diah , Kurnia Setiawan Chandra , Widyo Laksono Pringgo , Juwita Riskina , Natalia Seleky Rosalia
Published: November 2024

This study examines the ways that Kiringan, Bantul, Yogyakarta, is creating an integrated home-based Jamu industry in order to diversify its product offerings and enhance product quality. The product and asset of home-based Jamu industry are still traditional and not diversified enough, which could result in a significant reliance on a single source of income and increase the community’s vulnerability to economic volatility. Total number of producers in this study were 25, and we asked about their knowledge and the understanding of Halal and Good Manufacturing practice (GMP) by using likert-scale. The results showed that 86.96% of the households were aware of the significance of the production staff hygiene system in herbal drink producing facilities, however, in the reality, perception of hygiene among producers is often limited to washing with their hands and water. The finding suggest that the adoption of Halal and Good Manufacturing Practices is critical to the long-term viability of Jamu producers in Kiringan Village. Also, modernizing traditional techniques, expanding market distribution, and promoting sustainable cultivation practice may boost the scalability and quality of Jamu products. This all-encompassing approach guarantees not only ensure the sustainable growth of the Jamu industry but also highlights its potential as a valuable community resource.
Alternatives to NIST Cf-252 Iirradiations for Transfer Calibration of S-32 Neutron Monitors
Authors: Vehar David , Charlton William , Andrews Mark
Published: November 2024

Gas-flow proportional counting systems are used by the Radiation Metrology Laboratory (RML) at Sandia National Laboratories for reactor fluence monitoring with the 32S(n,p)32P reaction. Calibration of these systems has traditionally been accomplished by fluence-transfer irradiations at the NIST 252Cf facility. Such calibrations have become increasingly difficult as the NIST 252Cf source decayed to unusable levels. To minimize the risk to the testing programs from an inability to properly calibrate these systems, the RML has developed two alternative calibration techniques: 1) development and implementation of certified 32P sources for activity calibrations and subsequent calculation of neutron fluence, and 2) direct counting of non-certified reactor-irradiated sulfur pellets by liquid scintillation counting to determine 32P activity for the subsequent calibration of gas-flow proportional counters. Preliminary comparisons show that the several calibration methods are capable of overall uncertainties within about 5 percent.
An automated weight window generator based on the recursive Monte-Carlo method for use in MC shielding calculations
Authors: Yadav Pratibha , Baier Silvio , Konheiser Jörg , Rachamin Reuven
Published: November 2024

MCNP code provides numerous variance reduction techniques that are mainly used to optimize the analog Monte Carlo simulations. These techniques can reduce the statistical uncertainty of the simulation results while minimizing computational costs. Weight window is one such technique that is commonly used to optimize shielding calculations. However, for complex shielding problems such as deep penetration, the existing MCNP weight window generator is not efficient enough to generate the appropriate weight parameters for the weight window in a single run. To address this issue, an automated algorithm was developed using the code TRAWEI, which is based on recursive Monte Carlo methodology. The TRAWEI code can generate suitable weight values in a single run with less calculation time. This paper focuses on the verification of TRAWEI-generated weights using a simplified cask model. Further, the results of MCNP simulation using TRAWEI-generated weights are compared with those using weights generated by an existing MCNP weight window generator.
Further development, validation and verification of the Monte-Carlo code TRAMO on ex-vessel experiments of the Greifswald NPP
Authors: Baier Silvio , Konheiser Jörg , Pönitz Erik
Published: November 2024

TRAMO is a Monte Carlo code which is specially designed for geometries of nuclear power plants. In recent years, TRAMO has undergone a number of technical developments. In addition to the conversion to modern Fortran, standardized models for VVER-440 and VVER-1000 for the evaluation of monitor experiments on the surface of the reactor pressure vessel were developed, and the corresponding pre- and post-processing was automated. The new TRAMO version is continuously validated and verified. Here we present comparisons with experimental data from unit 1 of the Greifswald nuclear power plant and with MCNP calculations. Earlier calculations with TRAMO showed good agreements in the middle region of the reactor core, but significant deviations outside. A possible explanation is the wrong documentation of the experimental data – especially the heights of the monitors. Assuming a downward shift of the monitor positions by about 24cm, experimental and calculated data show very good agreement.
Reanalysis of graphite nuclear data limits for AGR dosimetry with updated carbon scattering data and Magnox plant measurements
Authors: Shaw S.E. , Allen D.A.
Published: November 2024

The Advanced Gas-cooled Reactors (AGR) operating in the UK are, like the Magnox reactors that preceded them, graphite moderated and cooled by pressurised CO2 gas. As such, the nuclear data for carbon are of primary importance in neutron dosimetry and nuclear heating calculations.

There is evidence from benchmark data and plant measurements of underprediction of neutron fluxes at the lower end of the fast neutron range for thicknesses of graphite greater than ~50 cm. Furthermore, the range of validation is limited to ~70 cm of graphite, with components beyond this being allocated bounding damage rates.

Following the previous ISRD, opportunities were taken to:

Look again at the carbon scattering cross-sections by incorporating the ENDF/B-VIII.0 Beta 4 carbon data to assess the impact on the analysis of benchmark data.

Reassess validation data from the earlier Magnox reactors to put them on a more appropriate equivalent graphite thickness scale to the AGRs.

The investigation into graphite nuclear data libraries concluded that the incorporation of ENDF/B-VIII Beta 4 carbon data into the JEF2.2 and ENDF/B-VII.1 data libraries with BINGO collision processing had only a limited effect on the calculated responses. The UKNDL data, with DICE collision processing, currently used in dosimetry calculations for EDF Energy’s AGRs produces the closest agreement with measurement for all calculated responses for graphite thicknesses greater than 10 cm.

For reactor plant validation, applying the sensitivity of the 93mNb(n,n’) response to graphite density resulted in a 15 cm increase to the validation database when compared to a simple “straight-line” distance. However, caution is advised in applying the benchmark equivalent distance derived from locations within a graphite column, to ex-core plant measurements.
Improved determination of fast neutron fluence onto the WWER pressure vessel metal surveillance specimens
Authors: Pugach O.M. , Bukanov V.M. , Diemokhin V.L. , Grytsenko O.V. , Vasylieva O.G.
Published: November 2024

The special methodology for the determination of the neutron fluences onto the surveillance specimens of the WWER-1000 reactor pressure vessel metal has developed by INR NASU specialists and is successfully applied. The methodology is based on the Monte-Carlo code that is used for neutron transport calculations to the locations of the surveillance specimens. The methodology improvement is described. The fundamentals of the technique of the calculation-experimental determination of the fast neutron fluences onto surveillance specimens and their errors are presented. It is shown a dosimetry experiment in a particular reactor is needed to obtain experimental data about irradiation conditions in the locations of the surveillance specimens.
A quantified approach to assessing the effectiveness of nuclear reactor pressure vessel neutron fluence monitoring programs
Authors: Kulesza Joel , Fischer Greg
Published: November 2024

This paper presents a quantitative approach to characterize the effectiveness of neutron fluence monitoring programs using adjoint neutron transport calculations. The results of adjoint calculations are useful for this purpose because the adjoint solution is the expected contribution from one region of phase space to a response of interest, i.e., the importance of that region of phase space to the response. Thus, by identifying a response of interest (for this work, the fast (E > 1.0 MeV) neutron fluence rate at the peak fluence rate location in the reactor pressure vessel (RPV)), one can identify the fuel regions most important to that response. Once identified, the ability of various surveillance programs to adequately monitor the most-important fuel region(s) can be assessed. The approach described is applied to a three-loop Westinghouse pressurized water reactor to compare the effectiveness of surveillance-capsule neutron dosimetry versus ex-vessel neutron dosimetry to monitor the fuel assemblies that contribute to the peak fast (E > 1.0 MeV) neutron fluence rate in the RPV.
Estimation of neutron fluence distribution within German PWR components for decommissioning studies
Authors: Rachamin Reuven , Barkleit Astrid , Konheiser Jörg , Seidl Marcus
Published: November 2024

On 15 April 2023, the last German NPPs were shut down. The final shutdown is followed by a post-operational phase in which measures can be carried out to prepare for the NPPs dismantling and decommissioning. One of the tasks in preparation for the dismantling is to acquire accurate knowledge of the activation distribution within the reactor components. The activation levels depend on the neutron fluence within the reactor. Therefore, to achieve this task, a 3D detailed Monte Carlo model of a German PWR has been developed to calculate the neutron fluence characteristics (spectrum and distribution) within the components of such nuclear reactors type. The reliability of the calculations was validated via metal foil-activation measurements carried out in two active PWRs. This paper presents the Monte Carlo model and describes the calculations and measurement procedures.
DPA calculation in a stainless steel baffle of Chooz-A PWR using auto-dosimetry measurements
Authors: Bourganel Stéphane , Galia Antonio , Hure Jérémy , Bonzom Rémy , Domain Christophe , Gosmain Cécile-Aline
Published: November 2024

This paper presents a method dedicated to the calculation of DPA (displacements per atom) in a stainless steel element irradiated inside Chooz-A reactor core. This method is based on experimental results obtained in samples taken from the analyzed stainless steel element, and calculation results. Experimental results consist in the mass of 59Co and the activity of 60Co, both measured in 2018, i.e. 27 years after the final shutdown of Chooz-A reactor. Calculations are carried out with the TRIPOLI-4® 3D Monte Carlo particle transport code, and the DARWIN/PEPIN2 depletion code, with a simplified modelling of Chooz-A reactor. As explained in this paper, these simplifications are corrected by the use of measurement results. Due to a lack of information about the irradiated steel element (initial 59Co quantity in particular), an iterative process was developed and used. It allows to evaluate missing information and to calculate corrected DPA results in samples. Besides, stress tests were carried out to check the robustness of the process and the uniqueness of DPA result for each sample. This work was carried out by CEA/SERMA with the financial support of EDF.
The reactor pressure vessel surveillance program of the Belgian nuclear power plants
Authors: Wagemans Jan , Slosse Nicolas
Published: November 2024

This paper presents an overview of the Reactor Pressure Vessel surveillance program as it is applied to the seven Belgian Pressurised Water Reactors (PWR). The first part of the paper recalls the original objectives of the surveillance program, detailing the number of capsules that were installed per reactor, the number that have been retrieved so far and discusses the type of dosimeters installed. The second part is a description of the experimental techniques applied to determine the neutron fluences, a work which is performed in the reactor dosimetry laboratory at SCK CEN and is based on qualified activity measurements. Finally, the paper ends by briefly presenting the calculation scheme developed at Tractebel and by providing a statistical analysis of the C/E values over the ~ 400 in-core dosimeters and 800 ex-core dosimeters that have been analysed to date. The method offers satisfactory results with an average C/E on all dosimeters close to 1.0 and a standard deviation comprised between 8 % and 10 % depending on the dosimeter considered.
Application of research reactor environments for validation of the IRDFF-II dosimetry cross section library
Authors: Griffin Patrick , Peters Curtis , Parma Edward , Vehar David
Published: November 2024

Activation data from seven different reactor-based reference neutron fields are examined to provide enhanced validation evidence for the newly released IRDFF-II library. A least-squares based spectrum adjustment methodology is used and rigorous statistical metrics demonstrate the consistency of the set of IRDFF-II dosimetry cross sections. The use of these reactor-based neutron fields provides validation evidence for nine more reactions than have been addressed in the 252Cf(sf) and 235U(th) benchmark validation testing. The use of covers to shift their energy response increases the power of the response validation but makes it challenging to properly capture response correlations.
Godiva-IV dosimetry exercise 2022 preliminary results
Authors: Tamashiro Aaron S. , Stone Daniel K. , Anspach Logan , Champine Brian , Firpo Mike , Uchiyama Sophia , Witter Paige , Yap-Chiongco Paul , Mitchell Scarlett , Percher Catherine , Heinrichs David , Goda Joetta D. , Grove Travis , Cutler Theresa , Thompson Nicholas , Weldon Robert , Overbay Lauren , Omoto Trevor , Gadd Milan , Hillmer Elizabeth , Sharisky Laurel , Ward Dann , Kilbane John , Roberts David , Abbott R. , Epps Joy , Vogt James , Healy Heather , Murphy Sean , Ludwigsen Robert , Veinot Kevin , Mcmahon Kieran , Detweiler Alexandra , Romanyukha Alexander , Boozer David , Consani Keith , Angus Philip , Vessey Nicholas , Chapman Kirk , McCabe Gordon , Cornick Emily , Trompier François , Ristic Yoann , Herth Johann , Pignet Sophie
Published: November 2024

Integral Experiment Request (IER) 538 is part of a series of dose characterization and nuclear accident dosimetry (NAD) exercises performed under the Department of Energy (DOE) Nuclear Criticality Safety Program (NCSP). This is the second NAD exercise using the Godiva-IV critical assembly and the third NAD exercise overall. The participating laboratories provided their own dosimeters that were mounted on the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) BOttle Manikin ABsorption (BOMAB) phantoms and aluminum plates. The BOMABs and plates were placed at two, three, and four meters away from the center of Godiva. Alongside the NADs, there was a LLNL Passive Neutron Spectrometer (PNS), Atomic Weapons Establishment (AWE) PNS, and Y-12 Sphere present to measure the neutron dose from Godiva-IV. Two irradiations were conducted to test the NAD performance from each laboratory and assesses their performance to the DOE-STD-1098-2017 part 515 criteria. Neutron and gamma doses were measured prior to this exercise. This work presents a model for the neutron and gamma dose respectively to serve as the reference value. A code written in C/C++/ROOT was used to fit the measured neutron and gamma dose with the new models. It was assumed that the neutron and gamma doses are proportional to the change in temperature of Godiva after a burst irradiation. Uncertainties for the reference values were calculated using error propagation of the model’s parameters. Preliminary results (within twenty-four hours) and final results were compared for each laboratory. On average of all the participating laboratories, 32% of neutron doses and 78% of gamma doses were outside the DOE standards. One laboratory did not report their dose readings and were not included in this average. There is a bias for a lower neutron dose and a higher gamma dose based on the distribution of results. In comparison with the past Godiva-IV NAD exercise, there is an improvement in neutron dose readings by 20%.
Application of reactor dosimetry techniques for source term validation in F-18 production with a medical cyclotron
Authors: Konheiser Joerg , Mueller Stefan E.
Published: November 2024

Imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography need radionuclides that can be produced with cyclotrons. The involved nuclear reactions mostly produce neutron and gamma radiation, which must be shielded. In order to be able to determine the required thickness of the shielding for a newly bought medical cyclotron, corresponding radiation protection calculations were carried out. The necessary neutron source term was supplied by the manufacturer. To verify this source term, additional source terms were calculated with the MCNP6 and the FLUKA code packages. The results with the source, on base of code internal nuclear models, produced comparable results, but the neutron yield with the source supplied by the manufacturer turned out to be lower by a factor of about 5. To validate the results, experiments were carried out on an already existing cyclotron. Neutron fluence was measured with standard monitors which are used in reactor dosimetry. The experiments were performed during regular 18F production. Activities of the nuclides were measured by gamma spectroscopy and compared with the calculated activities.
Radiation characterization summary of the NETL beam port 1/5 free-field environment at the 128-inch core centerline adjacent location
Authors: Redhouse Danielle , Charlton William , Parma Edward , Peters Curtis , Andrews Mark , Roebuck Jesse , Mulcahy Ryan
Published: November 2024

The characterization of the neutron, prompt gamma-ray, and delayed gamma-ray radiation fields in the University of Texas at Austin Nuclear Engineering Teaching Laboratory (NETL) TRIGA reactor for the beam port (BP) 1/5 free-field environment at the 128-inch location adjacent to the core centerline has been accomplished. NETL is being explored as an auxiliary neutron test facility for the Sandia National Laboratories radiation effects sciences research and development campaigns. The NETL reactor is a TRIGA Mark-II pulse and steady-state, above-ground pool-type reactor. NETL is intended as a university research reactor typically used to perform irradiation experiments for students and customers, radioisotope production, as well as a training reactor. Initial criticality of the NETL TRIGA reactor was achieved on March 12, 1992, making it one of the newest test reactor facilities in the US. The neutron energy spectra, uncertainties, and covariance matrices are presented as well as a neutron fluence map of the experiment area of the cavity. For an unmoderated condition, the neutron fluence at the center of BP 1/5, at the adjacent core axial centerline, is about 8.2×1012 n/cm2 per MJ of reactor energy. About 67% of the neutron fluence is below 1 keV and 22% above 100 keV. The 1-MeV Damage-Equivalent Silicon (DES) fluence is roughly 1.6×1012 n/cm2 per MJ of reactor energy.
Radiation characterization summary for the WSMR fast burst reactor environment at the 6-inch location
Authors: Redhouse Danielle , Lum Edward S. , Koglin Johnathon , Parma Edward J. , Peters Curtis D. , Finko Mikhail , Roebuck Jesse M. , Vehar David W. , Sage Frank , Tonigan Andrew M. , Mulcahy Ryan , Ball Thomas A. , Pelfrey Elliott , Moreno Melissa , Currie Karissa , Griffin Patrick J.
Published: November 2024

The characterization of the neutron, prompt gamma-ray, and delayed gamma-ray radiation fields for the White Sands Missile Range (WSMR) Fast Burst Reactor, also known as molybdenum-alloy Godiva (Molly-G) has been assessed at the 6-inch irradiation location. The neutron energy spectra, uncertainties, and common radiation metrics are presented. Code-dependent recommended constants are given to facilitate the conversion of various dosimetry readings into radiation metrics desired by experimenters. The Molly-G core was designed and configured similarly to Godiva II, as an unreflected, unmoderated, cylindrical annulus of uranium-molybdenum-alloy fuel with molybdenum loading of 10%. At the 6-inch position, the axial fluence maximum is about 2.4×1013 n/cm2 per MJ of reactor energy; about 0.1% of the neutron fluence is below 1 keV and 96% is above 100 keV. The 1-MeV Damage-Equivalent Silicon (DES) fluence is estimated at 2.2×1013 n/cm2 per MJ of reactor energy. The prompt gamma-ray dose is roughly 2.5E+03 rad(Si) per MJ and the delayed gamma-ray dose is about 1.3E+03 rad(Si) per MJ.
The impact of intercritical annealing temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of an ultra-low carbon medium manganese heavy steel plates
Authors: Yu S. , Deng Y.G. , Tao Z. , Misra R.D.K. , Yang Y.P.
Published: November 2024

This study examines how varying intercritical annealing temperatures influences the microstructure and mechanical properties of 30 mm thick ultra-low carbon medium manganese steel plates. The results indicate that annealing at 650 °C produced superior mechanical characteristics that include yield strength of 680 MPa, tensile strength of 871 MPa, elongation of 38.2%, and impact energy of 135 J at −60 °C. The microstructure consisted of lath-like ferrite and austenite in both film-like and blocky forms. With an increase in annealing temperature, a rise in the volume percentage of austenite and its transition from a film-like to a blocky structure were observed. The enhancement in mechanical properties can be ascribed to the formation of reverted transformation austenite during intercritical annealing. Furthermore, enhanced stability of the reverted austenite contributed to improved ductility in fracture behavior.
Perceptions, experiences and concerns with sexually transmitted infections among current and former PrEP users: a longitudinal qualitative study of gay, bisexual and queer men in Canada
Authors: Daroya Emerich , Wells Alex , Gaspar Mark , Sinno Jad , Hull Mark , Lachowsky Nathan J. , Tan Darrell H. S. , Grace Daniel
Published: November 2024

Background Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use has been attributed to heightened rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), ostensibly due to increased condomless anal sex (CAS) and greater frequency of STI testing. Few qualitative studies have assessed how gay, bisexual and queer men (GBQM) who use PrEP perceive STIs and how these attitudes have evolved post-PrEP uptake. We investigated the perspectives of current and former PrEP users on STIs. Methods Annual, in-depth longitudinal interviews were conducted with 38 current and former PrEP users in Ontario (n = 18) and British Columbia (n = 20), Canada, as part of a mixed-methods implementation science study (2020–2022). Over 3 years, 109 interviews were conducted. Data analysis included reflexive thematic coding and longitudinal recurrent cross-sectional analysis using NVivo 12. Results Four STI-related themes emerged: (1) lack of STI-related concerns due to treatment and prevention optimism, (2) stigma-related concerns, (3) perceived risk among other PrEP users due to increased CAS, and (4) inconsistent testing concerns among non-PrEP users. Over time, some STI-related anxieties decreased with increased knowledge and reduced stigma. However, concerns persisted for other participants due to perceived risky sexual behaviours among other PrEP users and non-PrEP users. Both current and former PrEP users who expressed STI-related apprehensions consistently indicated adopting risk-reduction strategies, including condom use and having fewer sexual partners throughout the study. Conclusions Findings show how varied STI perceptions and experiences among current and former PrEP users shaped sexual decision-making over time. Providers, public health experts, and policymakers should develop a more comprehensive strategy to address STI concerns among GBQM.
Adsorbed microdroplets are mobile at the nanoscale
Authors: Rana Ashutosh , Clarke Thomas B. , Nguyen James H. , Dick Jeffrey E.
Published: November 2024

The extraordinary chemistry of microdroplets has reshaped how we as a community think about reactivity near multiphase boundaries. Even though interesting physico-chemical properties of microdroplets have been reported, “sessile” droplets’ inherent mobility, which has been implicated as a driving force for curious chemistry, has not been well established. This paper seeks to answer the question: Can adsorbed microdroplets be mobile at the nanoscale? This is a tantalizing question, as almost no measurement technique has the spatiotemporal resolution to answer it. Here, we demonstrate a highly sensitive technique to detect nanometric motions of insulating bodies adsorbed to electrified microinterfaces. We place an organic droplet atop a microelectrode and track its dissolution by driving a heterogeneous reaction in the aqueous continuous phase. As the droplet’s contact radius approaches the size of the microelectrode, the current versus time curve remarkably displays abrupt changes in current. We used finite element modeling to demonstrate these abrupt steps are due to nanometric movements of the three-phase boundary, where the nonaqueous droplet meets the aqueous phase and the electrode. Furthermore, the velocity with which the liquid interface moves can be estimated to tens-to-hundreds of nanometers per second. Our results indicate that processes that are driven by contact electrification and the frictional movement of bodies on a surface may be at play even when a droplet seems quiescent.
Laser-based approach to measure small nuclear cross sections in plasma
Authors: Feng Jie , Qi Jintao , Zhang Hanxu , Chen Siyu , Zhu Mingyang , Hu Xichen , Xu Hao , Fu Changbo , Wang Xu , Chen Liming , Zhang Jie
Published: November 2024

We demonstrate an approach successfully measuring very small nuclear isomeric excitation cross sections (on the order of 10 to 100 picobarns) via laser–cluster interaction. The interaction between an intense laser pulse and Kr atomic clusters generates a high-temperature and high-density plasma ball in which nuclear excitations are facilitated by inelastic electron scattering. The electron temperature reaches several hundred keV (corresponding to 10

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K), similar to a stellar environment. The very small nuclear excitation cross sections are extremely challenging to measure otherwise, for example using traditional accelerator-based approaches. Our method opens a broad avenue of measuring small nuclear cross sections and holds promise for advancing understanding of nuclear transition mechanisms and exploring pathways in the evolutionary dynamics of elements within stellar environments.
Technology and Research on Improving Oil Recovery by Volume Fracturing with Phase Change Permeability in Ultra-low Permeability Reservoirs
Authors: Wang Ce , Zhu Xi-Zhu , Jiang Tian-Hao , Yi Fan
Published: November 2024

The conventional water injection development production wells in ultra-low permeability reservoirs have low efficiency, low production and low liquid content, and poor economic benefits. Traditional water drive development techniques are difficult to adapt to the requirements of economically effective development in ultra-low permeability reservoirs. Therefore, it is urgent to adjust development ideas and transform water injection development methods. A major development experiment was carried out in the Y284 area of Huaqing Oilfield to transform the water injection development method. Based on the mechanism of reverse osmosis flooding in oil recovery wells, this article uses dynamic monitoring technologies such as downhole microseismic to achieve three-dimensional reservoir transformation, and establishes a large-scale fracturing technology of “collaborative permeability flooding, volume fracturing, and multi-stage temporary plugging” for reverse osmosis wells in ultra-low permeability reservoirs. Research has shown that large-scale fracturing technology for water injection wells can improve single well oil recovery speed by increasing the complexity of fracture networks. The important factors affecting the effectiveness of water injection wells include reservoir properties, fracturing transformation scale, cumulative water injection volume, remaining oil distribution, and heterogeneity of aquifers. At the same time, the construction parameters of large-scale volume fracturing for water injection wells, namely 140-170m, are quantitatively determined based on the actual situation of the mining field ³ The amount of sand added, a sand ratio of 17-22%, and a large displacement of 8-10m3/min, 1400-2000m ³ The amount of liquid entering the ground can most effectively achieve the conditions for reservoir transformation. The conclusion is that large-scale fracturing technology for conversion wells provides technical support for volume fracturing and optimization design of fracturing parameters for low production wells in ultra-low permeability reservoirs, and can provide guidance and reference for the efficient development of other similar ultra-low permeability reservoirs.