bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka pada Pada Pembelajaran Geografi Kelas X SMA Negeri 8 Medan
Authors: Tamba Klarisa Astrina Br , Rosni Rosni
Published: February 2025

Kurikulum menjadi bagian yang penting dalam keberlangsungan proses belajar mengajar. Sehingga pendidikan jika tidak menggunakan kurikulum dalam system pembelajarannya maka akan berjalan tidak konsisten. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: 1) mengetahui Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka Pada Pembelajaran Geografi Kelas X di SMA Negeri 8 Medan, kecamatan Medan Area, Kota Medan. Medan. Subjek penelitian ini yaitu guru geografi kelas X di SMA Negeri 8 Medan yang berjumlah 2 orang. Objek dalam penelitian ini adalah Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka Pada Mata Pelajaran Geografi, teknik Pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis data deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka ditinjau dari tiga aspek yaitu: 1) Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka ditinjau dari aspek perencanaan, berdasarkan hasil validasi, ATP memperoleh skor rata-rata yaitu  88,23% masuk dalam kategori cukup, sedangkan modul ajar memperoleh skor rata-rata yaitu 45,64% dimana termasuk dalam kategori kurang; 2) Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka ditinjau dari aspek Pelaksanaan pembelajaran menunjukan bahwa pelaksanaan pembelajaran di kelas X Memperoleh skor rata-rata 34,26% termasuk dalam kategori kurang; 3) Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka ditinjau dari aspek evaluasi menunjukan bahwa evaluasi pembelajaran yang dilakukan di kelas X  memperoleh skor rata-rata 31,25% yang termasuk dalam kategori kurang. dalalam aspek evaluasi juag guru menggunakan penilaian formatif dan sumatif; 4) Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka yang dilakukan di kelas X SMA Negeri 8 Medan berdasarkan standar proses pada pembelajaran geografi memperoleh skor rata-rata 56,04% dan temasuk dalam kategori kurang.
Pengaruh Tingkat Suku Bunga Deposito Terhadap Jumlah Dana Deposito
Authors: Nainggolan Melda , Putri Hanna , Manurung Paulina , Siallagan Hamonangan , Hasugian Cristnova
Published: February 2025

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji dan menganalisis pengaruh tingkat suku bunga deposito terhadap jumlah dana deposito berjangka pada PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia Cabang Makassar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari bukti empiric, yang mendukung dugaan bahwa Tingkat suku bunga deposito berdasarkan jangka waktu berpengaruh signifikan terhadap dana deposito berjangka. Dalam penelitian ini sampel yang diambil adalah data penerimaan dana deposito pada tahun 2015-2017 PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia Cabang Makassar. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data melalui teknik kepustakaan dan pengumpulan data melalui studi lapangan. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yaitu berupa laporan keuangan tahunan. Metode analisis yang di gunakan adalah regresi linear sederhana dengan menggunakan program SPSS dan pengujian seluruh hipotesis melalui uji koefisien determinasi, uji parsial (uji t) dan uji simultan (uji f). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan antara tingkat suku bunga berjangka terhadap jumlah deposito pada PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia Cabang Makassar.
Peran Mahasiswa Sebagai Generasi Muda dalam Mewujudkan dan Meningkatkan Kesadaran Bela Negara
Authors: Ramadhan Muhammad , Rahman Devi Nur Fajriani , Yessa Kevin Josep Fernando , Giantoyo Fitra , Nurgiansah T Heru
Published: February 2025

Bela negara adalah sebuah sikap dan perilaku warga negara yang dijiwai oleh kecintaannya terhadap Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia. Sebagai generasi muda, mahasiswa memiliki peranan penting dalam melakukan upaya bela negara. Namun, pada kenyataannya masih banyak mahasiswa yang kurang memahami pentingnya Bela Negara dalam membentuk suatu bangsa. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsep bela negara, peran mahasiswa, dan upaya yang telah dilakukan mahasiswa dalam mewujudkan bela negara. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi literatur atau studi kepustakaan sebagai teknik pengumpulan data dengan melakukan pengkajian terhadap buku-buku, jurnal, literatur atau berbagai laporan yang berkaitan dengan penelitian, sehingga hasilnya disajikan dalam bentuk deskriptif untuk diambil kesimpulan.
Financial Literacy Metrics for Financial Wellbeing in a Socioeconomic Environment: The FWI Model in a Circular Economy and Climate Finance
Authors: Lulaj Enkeleda , Mekaniwati Ani
Published: February 2025

This research aimed to investigate measurement analyses that could promote sustainable financial literacy practices, thereby enhancing financial well-being in a socioeconomic environment. It focused on examining the factors of the Financial Well-Being Index (FWI) model and identifying gaps in financial literacy within the context of a circular economy and climate finance. Confirmatory Factorial Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) were employed using data collected from 402 families in Kosovo during the years 2022-2023. The analyses revealed interrelationships among financial literacy, financial well-being, and the socioeconomic environment. Strong financial behavior was associated with a reduced need for financial education, while the lack of financial balance hindered resilience and well-being. Savings positively impacted the quality of life and homeownership. Additionally, the need for financial education positively influenced financial attitude, and financial resilience indirectly affected the financial situation. Financial literacy had both direct and indirect effects on the socioeconomic environment through its impact on financial well-being. The study confirmed the significant role of financial literacy in improving financial well-being and the socioeconomic environment. Future research should evaluate the effectiveness of financial education interventions and explore the relationship between financial literacy, climate policy, and income distribution within the framework of the circular economy and climate finance.
Influence Mechanisms and Spatial Spillover Effects of Technological Innovation on New Urbanization
Authors: Cai Qihua , Zhang Yi , Feng Zhiyuan
Published: February 2025

Sustainable and high-level new urbanization cannot be achieved without the drive of technological innovation. By collecting data from 282 prefecture-level cities in China from 2007 to 2020, this paper used a two-way fixed effects model and spatial Durbin model to analyze the influence mechanisms and spatial spillover effects of technological innovation on new urbanization respectively. The research conclusions are as follows: (1) Technological innovation affects new urbanization positively and heterogeneously due to geographical location, city ranking, and city size. The threshold test reflects that the impact of technological innovation on new urbanization has the characteristic of weakening along with crossing double thresholds. (2) Technological and financial constraints are two critical variables that positively moderate how technological innovation affects new urbanization. (3) The spatial effect of technological innovation on new urbanization is significant. However, the impact intensity is inversely proportional to the geographical distance between cities, with an estimated spatial attenuation boundary of approximately 350 kilometers. Therefore, this paper proposes adhering to innovation-driven development, synchronizing the technological market with new urbanization, formulating differentiated policies in different regions, and using locational advantages well.
Greenback Dollar
Authors: Bush William J.
Published: February 2025

How big an act was the Kingston Trio? Big enough that the their first 19 albums not only reached Billboard's Top 100, but 14 of them entered the top 10, with five albums alone hitting the no. 1 spot! At the height of their popularity, the Kingston Trio was arguably the most popular vocal group in the world, having single-handedly ushered in the folk music boom of the late ‘50s and early ‘60s. Their meteoric rise quite literally paved the way for Bob Dylan; Joan Baez; Peter, Paul & Mary; and the many acts that followed in their wake. With the release of their version of “Tom Dooley” in fall 1958, the Kingston Trio changed American popular music forever, inspiring legions of young listeners to pick up guitars and banjoes and join together in hootenannies and sing-alongs.

In Greenback Dollar: The Incredible Rise of The Kingston Trio, the first in-depth biography of America’s first recording super-group, William J. Bush retraces the band members’ personal and professional lives, from their rapid rise to stardom to their early retirement in 1967. Through interviews with Trio members, their families, and associates, Bush paints a detailed portrait of the Trio's formative early years and sudden popular success, their innovations in recording technology, pioneering of the college concert and intensive tour schedule, their impact on and response to the ‘60s protest movement, the first break-up of the Trio with Dave Guard’s departure, and its re-formation with John Stewart.

Lovers of folk music and students and scholars of the history of popular music and the music business, the counterculture movement, and the American folk tradition will find in Greenback Dollar a remarkably detailed view of the musical and cultural legacy that resulted in the Kingston Trio receiving a 2011 Lifetime Achievement Award at the 53rd Annual Grammy Awards.
Giacomo Puccini
Authors: Flury Roger
Published: February 2025

Opera recordings have been with us since the creation of the first wax cylinders. Now at a time when the 25-year reign of the compact disc appears to be coming to an end is the moment to take stock of the history of recordings of arguably the most popular composer of operas, Giacomo Puccini. In Giacomo Puccini: A Discography, librarian and music historian Roger Flury looks at each opera chronologically from Le Villi to Turandot, followed by sections on Puccini's instrumental, chamber, orchestral, and solo vocal works. Details of each complete opera are listed by recording date, followed by excerpts in the order in which they occur in the opera. Recordings of each aria are listed alphabetically by the name of the artist. For ease of use, Flury establishes as the main criteria for inclusion those recordings assigned a commercial issue number and available for purchase.

This book does not limit itself to mainstream recordings but includes as well 'unofficial' recordings taken from broadcasts or illegally recorded in theaters, ensuring that the audio recording history of Puccini is free of gaps. (Video and DVD issues, whether of staged performances or excerpts in concert, are not included unless they have been issued in a sound-only format.) This volume brings together information on nearly 10,000 recordings of Puccini's music. It provides a comprehensive overview of the recorded history of the composer's works and serves as a useful guide for the transfer of recordings from one format to another.
Steel Drums and Steelbands
Authors: Smith Angela
Published: February 2025

Steel Drums and Steelbands: A History is a vivid account of the events that led to the “accidental” invention of the steel drum: the only acoustic musical instrument invented in the 20th century. Angela Smith walks readers through the evolution of the steel drum from an object of scorn and tool of violence to one of the most studied, performed, and appreciated musical instruments today. Smith explores the development of the modern steelband, from its roots in African slavery in early Trinidad to the vast array of experiments in technological innovation and to the current explosion of steelbands in American schools. The book offers insights directly from major contributors of the steelband movement with sections devoted exclusively to pioneers and innovators.

Drawing on seven years of research, repeated trips to the birthplace of the steel drum, Trinidad, and interviews with steelband pioneers, Smith takes readers far beyond the sunny associations of the steel drum with island vacations, cruise ships, and multiple encores of “Yellow Bird.” Digging deep into Trinidad’s history—a tale of indigenous extermination and African slavery, of French settlement and Spanish and British colonialism before mid-century independence—Smith weaves an unforgettable narrative of talking drums, kalinda stick fights, tamboo bamboo bands, iron bands, calypso, Carnival, and the U. S. military. Together, all played major roles in the evolution of today’s steelband and in the panman’s journey from renegade to hero in the steelband’s move from the panyards of Trinidad’s poorest neighborhoods to the world’s most prestigious concert halls. The reader will discover how an instrument created by teenage boys, descendants of African slaves, became a world musical phenomena. Steel Drums and Steelbands is the ideal introduction to the steel drum, steelbands, and their history.
Building a Better Chinese Collection for the Library of Congress
Authors: Wang Chi
Published: February 2025

In this collection of essays written by the former head of the Library of Congress Chinese Collection, Chi Wang chronicles the modest beginnings of the Chinese Collection at the Library of Congress and his crusade to transform it into the largest collection and Chinese cultural presence outside Asia.

For anyone who has ever wondered what goes on inside the marble walls of one of the country’s oldest federal institutions, Wang relates an insider’s account of the major milestones and changes to the administration of the Collection over the years. Readers will be surprised not only to learn about some of the rare and priceless books that have found their way to the Library of Congress but also by the candor with which Wang shares his story about serving under three different Librarians of Congress, each with a different mandate and mark they wanted to leave behind.

Building a Better Chinese Collection for the Library of Congress has value as American library history but also serves as a useful introduction to Chinese historical archives and libraries. Select writings discuss publication and personnel exchanges with Chinese academic libraries, Chinese character encoding and library automation, and publishing activities in China.
Surveillance on Screen
Authors: Lefait Sébastien
Published: February 2025

The theme of surveillance has become an increasingly common element in movies and television shows, perhaps as a response to the sense that the world is now virtually under watch. But the recent surge of this filmic device calls for an explanation that transcends the basic assumption that media illustrates the changes of society. The persistent and growing presence of surveillance in cinematic productions is not merely a reflection of the advent of surveillance societies, but rather an aesthetic adaptation to the evolution of watching patterns.

In Surveillance on Screen: Monitoring Contemporary Films and Television Programs, Sébastien Lefait examines this ever-increasing phenomenon. Drawing on the rapidly developing field of surveillance studies, Lefait offers an in-depth analysis of television shows and films, which complement current theoretical approaches to those subjects. This unique combination of surveillance theories with the latest concepts of film, television, and Internet studies is based on a large and diversified range of popular series and films, including the shows 24, Lost, and Survivor as well as such films as Minority Report, Paranormal Activity, The Truman Show, and the on-screen version of George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four.

Written from a perspective that does not limit itself to a “reflection-of-society” approach, this book explores both how cinema shapes our experience of surveillance and how surveillance influences our viewing of cinema. Lefait follows the various identifiable stages in cinema’s experimental use of surveillance, studying the impact of technology on both the watcher and the watched. In addition to film and media studies, this book will be of interest to those engaged in information technology, sociology, and, of course, surveillance studies.
Booktalking Nonfiction
Authors: Bromann-Bender Jennifer
Published: February 2025

Booktalking Nonfiction: 200 Sure-Fire Winners for Middle and High School Readers will provide an introduction to selecting and writing booktalks for nonfiction books with a focus on unique informational texts and biographies and autobiographies. A booktalk is a summary of a book presented in a way that would interest someone in reading the book described.

Why non-fiction? Because the Common Core Standards Initiative, which most states have adopted, requires that 70% of the materials students read be from the category of informational texts it is especially important to focus on nonfiction when sharing books with students. Here’s everything you need to do just that.

Chapters cover selecting, writing, preparing, and presenting booktalks, special tips for high-interest, low-level books, and using non-fiction in the library and the classroom. Two hundred ready-to-present booktalks arranged by genre are also included. Genres include animals, famous people, sports, crime and serial killers, movies and television, religion, war, history, and the supernatural.
Opera at the Bandstand
Authors: Martin George W.
Published: February 2025

In Opera at the Bandstand: Then and Now, George W. Martin surveys the role of concert bands during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in making contemporary opera popular. He also chronicles how in part they lost their audience in the second half of the twentieth century by abandoning operatic repertory.

Martin begins with the Dodworth bands in New York City from the 1850s and moves to the American tour of French conductor and composer Louis Antoine Jullien, bandmaster Patrick S. Gilmore’s jubilee festivals, the era of John Philip Sousa from 1892 to 1932, performances of the Goldman Band of New York City from 1920 to 2005, and finally the wind ensembles sparked by Frederick Fennell. He illustrates the degree to which operatic material comprised these bands’ overall repertory and provides detailed programs in the appendixes.

Opera at the Bandstand describes how the technological advancements sweeping the country, such as radio, automobiles, recordings, television, and air conditioning, along with changes in demographics, affected the country’s musical life. It will appeal to bandmasters and their players, as well as those with an interest in American history, music, popular culture, and opera.
Teaching Information Fluency
Authors: Heine Carl , O'Connor Dennis
Published: February 2025

Teaching Information Fluency describes the skills and dispositions of information fluency adept searchers. Readers will receive in-depth information on what it takes to locate, evaluate, and ethically use digital information.

The book realistically examines the abilities of Internet searchers today in terms of their efficiency and effectiveness in finding online information, evaluating it and using it ethically. Since the majority of people develop these skills on their own, rather than being taught, the strategies they invent may suffice for simple searches, but for more complex tasks, such as those required by academic and professional work, the average person’s performance is adequate only about 50% of the time.

The book is laid out in five parts: an introduction to the problem and how search engine improvements are not sufficient to be of real help, speculative searching, investigative searching, ethical use and applications of information fluency. The intent of the book is to provide readers ways to improve their performance as consumers of digital information and to help teachers devise useful ways to integrate information fluency instruction into their teaching, since deliberate instruction is needed to develop fluency. Since it is unlikely that dedicated class time will be available for such instruction, the approach taken embeds information fluency activities into classroom instruction in language arts, history and science.

Numerous model lessons and resources are woven into the fabric of the text, including think-alouds, individual and group search challenges, discussions, assessments and curation, all targeted to Common Core State Standards as well as information fluency competencies.
Sports Fans 2. 0
Authors: Sutera David M.
Published: February 2025

As of 2012, Twitter has over 100 million active users worldwide, generating close to 230 million Tweets per day. Encouraged by sports shows that incorporate social media as a major component of their programming strategies, sports fans and athletes have proven to be some of the most prolific and adept users of Twitter and other social media platforms. Social media has made it possible for fans to cross the virtual barrier that separates them from the teams they love and the athletes they follow, changing the way fans and athletes interact in the world of sports.

In Sports Fans 2.0: How Fans Are Using Social Media to Get Closer to the Game, David M. Sutera explores the increasingly participatory nature of contemporary sports fandom and spectatorship. He examines the ways in which digital media has created and facilitated new channels for sports fan engagement, and how technology has enhanced the fan’s perception of participating in America’s sports culture. In addition, Sutera shows how high-profile athletes are using social media to increase their fan base and promote their own celebrity status, creating the sense that they are more accessible to their fans.

Social media has forever altered the way sports fans and athletes engage with each other. Covering a wide range of sports and social media outlets, Sports Fans 2.0 is an accessible examination of how technology has changed—and will continue to change—the world of sports. Written for general readers and scholars alike, this book will appeal to anyone interested in the effects of social media on popular culture.
The Films of Agnes Moorehead
Authors: Nissen Axel
Published: February 2025

Before she achieved immortality on the long-running situation comedy Bewitched, Agnes Moorehead had established a distinguished career as a character actress. After her screen debut in Citizen Kane (1941), Moorehead became one of the most familiar female faces on the silver screen. For moviegoers of the 1940s and ‘50s, she was the quintessential character actress, earning four Academy Award nominations during a career that saw her gain the respect of her peers in all four major entertainment media: radio, film, theater, and television.

In The Films of Agnes Moorehead, Axel Nissen looks at the actress’s sixty-three feature films between 1941 and 1973. Each film is profiled here, with particular emphasis placed on the films that merit closer attention: Citizen Kane, The Magnificent Ambersons, Mrs. Parkington, Dark Passage, All That Heaven Allows, The Left Hand of God, The Swan, Tempest, The Bat, and Hush… Hush, Sweet Charlotte. Arranged in chronological order, the discussion of these films highlights Moorehead’s contribution to each feature. In addition to analyzing her performances, the author discusses the development of Moorehead’s career as a whole, along with her relationship with various studios, directors, producers, and fellow actors.

Based on extensive interviews with the actress’s surviving friends and co-workers, as well as detailed archival research into primary sources, this book brings to light new information not just about Moorehead’s work in film, but on her life and career in general. Though this book will certainly appeal to movie buffs, The Films of Agnes Moorehead will also be of interest to students and scholars of classic Hollywood films, including those interested in women and film, gender studies, and film history.
A Thesaurus of Medical Word Roots
Authors: Danner Horace Gerald
Published: February 2025

Dr. Horace Gerald Danner’s A Thesaurus of Medical Word Roots is a compendium of the most-used word roots of the medical and health-care professions. All word roots are listed alphabetically, along with the Greek or Latin words from which they derive, together with the roots’ original meanings. If the current meaning of an individual root differs from the original meaning, that is listed in a separate column.

In the examples column, the words which contain the root are then listed, starting with their prefixes. For example, esthesia, which means “feeling,” has as its prefixed roots alloesthesia, anesthesia, and dysesthesia. The listing then switches to words where the root itself forms the beginning, such as esthesiogenesis or esthesioneuroblastoma. These root-starting terms then are followed by words where the root falls in the middle or the end, as in acanthesthesia, cryesthesia, or osmesthesia. In this manner, A Thesaurus of Medical Word Roots places the word in as many word families as there are elements in the word.

This work will interest not only medical practitioners but linguists and philologists and anyone interested in the etymological aspects of medical terminology.
The ABC Movie of the Week
Authors: McKenna Michael
Published: February 2025

On September 23, 1969, five years after the first made-for-television movie premiered, the ABC network broadcast Seven in Darkness. This was the first television film for an anthology show called the Tuesday Night Movie of the Week. Dedicating ninety minutes of weekly airtime to a still-emerging genre was a financial risk for the third-place network—a risk that paid off. The films were so successful that in 1972 the network debuted The Wednesday Movie of the Week. Although most of the movies are no longer remembered, a handful are still fondly recalled by viewers today, including Duel, Brian’s Song, and The Night Stalker. The series also showcased pilot films for many eventual series, such as Alias Smith and Jones, The Six Million Dollar Man, and Starsky and Hutch. By the end of both shows’ regular runs in the spring of 1975, the network had broadcast more than 200 made-for-television films.

In The ABC Movie of the Week: Big Movies for the Small Screen, Michael McKenna examines this programming experiment that transformed the television landscape and became a staple of broadcast programming for several years. The author looks at how the revolving films showcased the right mixture of romantic comedy, action, horror, and social relevance to keep viewers interested week after week. McKenna also chronicles how the ratings success led to imitations from the other networks, resulting in a saturation of television movies.

As a cultural touchstone for millions who experienced the first run and syndicated versions of these films, The ABC Movie of the Week is a worthy subject ofstudy. Featuring a complete filmography of all 240 movies with credit information and plot summaries, a chronology, and a list of pilots—both failed and successful—this volume will be valuable to television historians and scholars, as well as to anyone interested in one of the great triumphs of network programming.
Television Introductions
Authors: Terrace Vincent
Published: February 2025

Since the beginning of network television, many shows have been preceded by an announcement or theme song that served various purposes. In the 1950s and ’60s, it was common for announcers to declare that a program had been “brought to you by” a sponsor who paid for the privilege of introducing a show. Other programs, such as The Twilight Zone, Star Trek, and The Odd Couple,provided a brief encapsulation of the show’s subject matter, a practice that has continued for recent shows like Alias, Battlestar Galactica, Person of Interest, and the various editions of Law & Order.

In Television Introductions: Narrated TV Program Openings since 1949, Vincent Terrace has assembled openings for more than nine hundred television shows from the past seven decades. The only documented history of narrated television program introductions, this volume is arranged by type of programming, such as comedy, drama, Western, game show, soap opera, and children’s show. In addition to quoting the opening material, entries provide information about each show’s network history and years of broadcast. Many entries include descriptions of the show, the names of announcers, and a list of main cast members, as well as a sponsor pitch exactly as spoken. Openings for programs with multiple introductions like The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet and Charlie’s Angels are also included.

For programs that featured new guest stars every episode—such as game shows and variety programs—Terrace has selected a representative introduction. In addition to the theme song credits found in the main text, there are also appendixes of theme songs and their composers and/or singers, as well as a listing of commercial releases (on DVD, VHS, CD, and LP) of shows and their soundtracks. A comprehensive resource for researchers and pop culture aficionados alike, Television Introductions provides a fascinating look at this neglected part of TV history.
Myth Performance in the African Diasporas
Authors: Brown Benita , Kuwabong Dannabang , Olsen Christopher
Published: February 2025

Diaspora studies continue to expand in range and scope and remain fertile terrain for investigating multiple techniques of myth creation in dance performance, history as performance, dramatic narrative, and staged rituals in the field. Similarly, research in postcoloniality, gender/sexuality, intercultural, and literary studies, among others, all engage and feature core components of performance and myth in articulating and understanding their fields. This sharing of similar components also demonstrates the interrelatedness of these fields.

In Myth Performance in the African Diasporas: Ritual, Theatre, and Dance, the authors contend that performance traditions across artistic disciplines reveal a shared—if sometimes varied—journey among diasporic artists to reconnect with their African ancestors. The volume begins with a historical and aesthetic overview of how dramatists, choreographers, and performance artists have approached the task of interpreting African myth. The individual chapters reveal how specific artists, dramatists, and choreographers have interpreted African myth and what performative approaches and traditions they have used. Focusing on theatre practitioners from the nineteenth century through the present, the authors examine performative traditions from Canada, the United States, the Caribbean, and Latin America.

Drawing upon research in theatre, dance, and literary texts, Myth Performance in the African Diasporas will be crucial to academics interested in African performance viewed through the prism of myth making and spiritual/ritualistic stagings. Besides those interested in diasporic studies, this book will also be useful to scholars and students of history, drama, theatre, and dance.
The London Stage 1910-1919
Authors: Wearing J. P.
Published: February 2025

Theatre in London has celebrated a rich and influential history, and in 1976 the first volume of J. P. Wearing’s reference series provided researchers with an indispensable resource of these productions. In the decades since the original calendars were produced, several research aids have become available, notably various reference works and the digitization of relevant newspapers and periodicals.

This second edition of The London Stage 1910–1919: A Calendar of Productions, Performers, and Personnel provides a chronological calendar of London shows from January 1910 through December 1919. The volume chronicles more than 3,000 productions at 35 major central London theatres during this period. For each entry the following information is provided:

Title

Author

Theatre

Performers

Personnel

Opening and closing dates

Number of performances

Other details include genre of the production, number of acts, and a list of reviews. A comment section includes other interesting information, such as a plot description, first-night audience reception, noteworthy performances, staging elements, and details of performances in New York either prior to or after the London production.

Among the plays staged in London during this decade were Chu Chin Chow, The Gaol Gate, Hindle Wakes, Justice, Kismet, Pygmalion, and Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm, as well as numerous musical comedies (British and American), foreign works, operas, and revivals of English classics.

A definitive resource, this edition revises, corrects, and expands the original calendar. In addition, approximately 20 percent of the material—in particular, information on adaptations and translations, plot sources, and comments—is new. Arranged chronologically, the shows are fully indexed by title, genre, and theatre. A general index includes numerous subject entries on such topics as acting, audiences, censorship, costumes, managers, performers, prompters, staging, and ticket prices. The London Stage 1910–1919 will be of value to scholars, theatrical personnel, librarians, writers, journalists, and historians.
Deregulating the Public Service
Authors: DiIulio John J.
Published: February 2025

The nation's federal, state, and local public service is in deep trouble. Not even the most talented, dedicated, well-compensated, well-trained, and well-led public servants can serve the public well if they must operate under perverse personnel and procurement regulations that punish innovation and promote inefficiency. Many attempts have been made to determine administrative problems in the public service and come up with viable solutions. Two of the most importantthe 1990 report of the National Commission on the Public Service, led by former Federal Reserve chairman Paul A. Volcker, and the 1993 report of the National Commission on the State and Local Public Service, led by former Mississippi Governor William F. Winterrecommended "deregulating the public service."

Deregulating the public service essentially means altering or abolishing personnel and procurement regulations that deplete government workers' creativity, reduce their productivity, and make a career in public service unattractive to many talented, energetic, and public-spirited citizens. But will it work? With the benefit of a historical perspective on the development of American public service from the days of the progressives to the present, the contributors to this book argue that deregulating the public service is a necessary but insufficient condition for much of the needed improvement in governmental administration. Avoiding simple solutions and quick fixes for long-standing ills, they recommend new and large-scale experiments with deregulating the public service at all levels of government.

In addition to editor John DiIulio, the contributors are Paul A. Volcker, former chairman of the Federal Reserve, now at Princeton University; former Mississippi Governor William F. Winter; Gerald J. Garvey, Princeton; John P. Burke, University of Vermont; Melvin J. Dubnick, Rutgers; Constance Horner, former director of the Federal Office of Personnel Management, now at Brookings; Mark
Deterrence and the Revolution in Soviet Military Doctrine
Authors: Garthoff Raymond L.
Published: February 2025

Dramatic changes under way in the Soviet union and the world have significant implications for American security policy. Soviet expert Raymond L. Garthoff makes use of unique, newly available materialincluding a complete file of the confidential Soviet General Staff journalto illuminate the development of Soviet military thinking. In this groundbreaking study, Garthoff explains that the Soviets regard nuclear deterrence only as a necessary interim safeguard, not a solution to the quest for security. He examines the implications of the "remarkable recasting of the Soviet concept of security" for U.S. policy and global security.
China's Second Revolution
Authors: Harding Harry
Published: February 2025

China has, since 1976, been enmeshed in an extraordinary program of renewal and reform. The obvious changesthe T-shirts, blue jeans, makeup and jewelry worn by Chinese youth; the disco music blaring from radios and loudspeakers on Chinese streets; the television antennas mushrooming from both urban apartment complexes and suburban peasant housing; the bustling free markets selling meat, vegetables and clothing in China's major citiesreflect a fundamental shift in the government's policy toward the economy and political life.

Although doubts about the long-term commitment to reform arose after the student protests in December 1986 and the dismissal of Party General Secretary Hu Yaobang in January 1987, the scope of reform has been so broad and the pace of change so rapid, that the post-Mao era fully warrants Den Xiaoping's description of it as the "second revolution" undertaken by the Chinese Communist Party.
Economic Effects of Social Security
Authors: Aaron Henry
Published: February 2025

The social security system affects people throughout most of their lives, at work and in retirement. The supposed effects of social security on saving, labor supply, and the distribution of income figure prominently in current debates about whether and how to change the system. Theorists have developed alternative analytical frameworks for studying social security, but all involve extreme assumptions introduced for the sake of analytical tractability. Each study seems to describe the behavior of some, but not all or even most people. The shortcomings of available data have created additional roadblocks. As a result, the effects of social security on saving and labor supply are difficult to measure, and how such a complex system influences behavior is not at all well understood.

Yet decisions on social security cannot be avoided. If analysts cannot agree, policymakers are likely to increase the weight they attach to perceptions of equity, adequacy of benefits, fairness of taxes, and similar qualitative considerations. Hence it is desirable for lay observers to understand the framework that analysts use and the reasons why there is so much uncertainty.

This book sheds light on social security issues by examining evidence from economic studies about how the system affects saving, labor supply, and income distribution. It shows that these studies provide little evidence to support or refute assertions that social security has reduced saving, but they do indicate that it has contributed to the trend toward early retirement. The author finds that the aged are now about as well off on the average as the general population and that social security has played a considerable role in bringing about this equality.

This volume is the sixteenth in the second series of Brookings Studies of Government Finance.
Going Private
Authors: Gomez-Ibanez Jose , Meyer John R.
Published: February 2025

In the last decade many countries turned to private sources to provide services formerly offered by public agencies. Europeans, particularly the British and the French, were leaders in this movement. Developing countries also experimented extensively with privatization in the 1980s, with varying degrees of success. Because governments around the world are heavily involved in transportation, it is a natural focus of privatization experiments and in many ways has been at the cutting edge. Going Private examines the diverse privatization experiences of transportation services and facilities. Cases are drawn from the United States, Asia, Europe, and Latin America. Since almost every country has experimented to some degree with highway and bus privatization, the authors focus particularly on these services, although they also discuss urban rail transit and airports. Highways and buses, they explain, encompass all three of the most common and basic forms of privatization: the sale of an existing state-owned enterprise; use of private, rather than public, financing and management for new infrastructure development; and contracting out to private vendors public services previously provided by government employees. After thoroughly examining these services and discussing the motives for, and objections to, privatization, the authors look at the prospects for privatization in other sectors and industries. They assess those circumstances in which privatization is most likely to succeed and those in which it is most likely to fail, for political as well as economic reasons. The authors conclude that privatization involves many political and social as well as economic dimensions. Privatization is usually not simply a matter of efficiency improvements or capital augmentation but also involves such deeply imbedded societal concerns as equity, income transfers, environmental problems, and attitudes toward taxation and the role of government.
How Russia Became a Market Economy
Authors: Aslund Anders
Published: February 2025

The breakup of the Soviet Union and the attempted transformation of Russia into a democracy and a market economy constitute one of the most significant events of our time. A transformation could hardly be greater, yet judgments vary from failure to substantial achievement. This book clarifies that Russia has actually become a market economy.

Anders Aslund provides the most detailed and insightful assessment to date of the Russian transformation from a socialist economy to a market economy. His account covers the period from the formation of the Russian reform government in November 1991 through the autumn of 1994. He discusses the preconditions of economic reform, the formation of a reform program, relations with other former Soviet republics, liberalization, macroeconomic stabilization, and privatization. The final chapter evaluates the transformation.

As a longtime specialist on the Soviet economy and an economic adviser to the Russian government during most of this period, Aslund analyzes the original intentions of the government, what they were able to accomplish, and why they fell short.

The book's general conclusion is that the greater the speed, consistency, and determination, the more impressive the results. The main threat to the reform process was the resistance from the state enterprise managers, who wanted to enrich themselves at the expense of the state. The reformers could only win if they acted swiftly and firmly. According to Aslund, the Russian transformation has not been too quick, as many maintain, but rather too slow.
Going Digital!
Authors: Litan Robert E. , Niskanen William A.
Published: February 2025

A Brookings Institution Press and Cato Institute publication

The information age technology revolution promises enormous benefits to the U.S. and global economies. Yet if those benefits are to be fully realized, policymakers in the U.S. and abroad must rethink some fundamental premises about how economic activity has traditionally been governed.

Should we continue to regulate industries the way we have in the past? Does the digital age require a new approach to antitrust enforcement? To best facilitate global electronic commerce, what changes are needed in intellectual property law, professional licensing requirements, laws governing privacy and content, and policies relating to standards? And what steps, if any, are required to best ensure that all citizens have access to the new technologies?

This book examines these and other policy issues. It draws on a spring 1997 conference sponsored by the Brookings Institution and the Cato Institute where leading experts in various fields related to information technology presented their views.
Intensive Care
Authors: Ornstein Norman J. , Mann Thomas E.
Published: February 2025

The devastating and politically consequential defeat of President Clinton's comprehensive health plan in Congress has unleashed a torrent of speculation over "who or what killed reform." One class of explanation deals with the institutional arrangements by which policy is made in the United States and, more specifically, with the rules and organization of Congress. This volume weighs the importance of Congress in the failure to enact health reform by examining more broadly how Congress shapes health policyon matters ranging from ambitious plans to achieve universal health insurance coverage to annual appropriations for public health agencies.

Part One examines how Congress has organized and equipped itself to make health policy. Individual chapters consider how committee jurisdictions, budgeting procedures, information, and oversight influence health policymaking. Part Two uses recent health policy episodesthe 1988-89 adoption and repeal of Medicare catastrophic coverage and the 1993-94 failure to pass national health reformto generalize about how process shapes policy.

This book is a product of the Renewing Congress Project, a joint undertaking of the Brookings Institution and the American Enterprise Institute. The contributors include C. Lawrence Evans, College of William and Mary; Mark Nadel, General Accounting Office; Julie Rovner, freelance health policy writer; and Allen Schick and Joseph White, Brookings.

Copublished with the American Enterprise Institute
Money and Good Intentions Are Not Enough
Authors: Brandl John E.
Published: February 2025

State governments are spending a lot, accomplishing too little, and failing to meet their responsibilities to the public. In this book, John Brandl argues that the usual remedies for ineffective government bureaucracy--cutting or adding to budgets, urging civil servants to become more entrepreneurial, hiring tougher managers, or appointing smarter bureaucrats--won't provide substantial, long-term improvement. Examining public schools Brandl points out that although real spending per student has tripled in the last 30 years and the average class size has shrunk from 27 to 17, educational performance "has become a national disgrace." He provides alternative policies that rely on harnessing self-interest through competition and incentives and encouraging affiliations that inspire community to forge a strong connection between spending and results.
Plagues, Products, and Politics
Authors: Foreman Christopher H.
Published: February 2025

Despite enduring limitations and flaws, public health in the United States today enjoys impressive successes compared with both earlier eras and less developed countries. Yet a recurrent, often harrowing feature of the public health landscape has been the sudden emergence of a potentially widespread threat that promises serious harm, and perhaps death, to its victims. These threats include both infectious diseases and product-related hazards. This book examines the U.S. government's handling of such threats to public health and assesses its capacity to respond effectively.

The complex and vitally important political and institutional side of such problems has received less frequent attention than it deserves. Focusing on activity devoted to the discovery, investigation, containment, and prevention of disease in the population at large, Christopher Foreman shows how uncertainty and politics complicate crucial stages of policy response, and why that response is easily misinterpreted.

Although AIDS is a prominent case study, this is not a book about AIDS alone. Other public health hazards discussed are Lyme disease, swine flu, Legionnaires' disease, Reye's syndrome, silicone breast implants, cyanide-laced Tylenol, toxic shock syndrome, and vaccine injury. Taken together, such hazards are distinctive for their relatively sudden emergence on the public health agenda and their propensity to generate visible victims quickly.

Foreman explores the important policy tasks associated with each of these threats and discusses the national government's multiple roles as investigator, educator, regulator, researcher, and funder for these health problems. He calls for a stronger overall regime of public health and a more energetic program of surveillance to identify problems quickly and respond appropriately.