bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Declarative and distributed graph analytics with GRADOOP
Authors: Junghanns Martin , Kießling Max , Teichmann Niklas , Gómez Kevin , Petermann André , Rahm Erhard
Published: September 2018

We demonstrate G
radoop
, an open source framework that combines and extends features of graph database systems with the benefits of distributed graph processing. Using a rich graph data model and powerful graph operators, users can declaratively express graph analytical programs for distributed execution without needing advanced programming experience or a deeper understanding of the underlying system. Visitors of the demo can declare graph analytical programs using the G
radoop
operators and also visually experience two of our advanced operators: graph pattern matching and graph grouping. We provide real world and artificial social network data with up to 10 billion edges and allow running the programs either locally or on a remote research cluster to demonstrate scalability.
GC
Authors: Wang Jing , Liu Zichen , Ma Shuai , Ntarmos Nikos , Triantafillou Peter
Published: September 2018

We demonstrate a graph caching system GC for expediting subgraph/supergraph queries, which are computationally expensive due to the entailed NP-Complete subgraph isomorphism problem. Unlike existing caching systems for fast data access where each cache hit saves one disk I/O, GC reduces the computational costs due to subgraph isomorphism testing. Moreover, GC harnesses both subgraph and supergraph cache hits, extending the traditional exact-match-only hit, thus resulting in significant speedups. Furthermore, GC features dashboards for both skilled developers and general end-users; the former could investigate and experiment with alternative components/mechanisms while the latter could look into the principle of GC through a number of demonstration scenarios.
Cloudmatcher
Authors: Govind Yash , Paulson Erik , Nagarajan Palaniappan , C. Paul Suganthan G. , Doan AnHai , Park Youngchoon , Fung Glenn M. , Conathan Devin , Carter Marshall , Sun Mingju
Published: September 2018

As data science applications proliferate, more and more lay users must perform data integration (DI) tasks, which used to be done by sophisticated CS developers. Thus, it is increasingly critical that we develop hands-off DI services, which lay users can use to perform such tasks without asking for help from developers. We propose to demonstrate such a service. Specifically, we will demonstrate CloudMatcher, a hands-off cloud/crowd service for entity matching (EM). To use CloudMatcher to match two tables, a lay user only needs to upload them to the CloudMatcher's Web page then iteratively label a set of tuple pairs as match/no-match. Alternatively, the user can enlist a crowd of workers to label the pairs. In either case, the lay user can easily perform EM end-to-end without having to involve any developers. Cloud-Matcher has been used in several domain science projects at UW-Madison and at several organizations, and is scheduled to be deployed in a large company in Summer 2018. In the demonstration we will show how easy it is for lay users to perform EM (either via interactive labeling or crowdsourcing), how users can easily create and experiment with a range of EM workflows, and how CloudMatcher can scale to many concurrent users and large datasets.
Information and data management at PUC-rio and UFMG
Authors: Furtado Antonio L. , Ziviani Nivio
Published: September 2018

This article presents a summary of the main activities of the Database & Information Systems Research Group at Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio) and the Information Management Research Group at Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). These two groups played a pioneering role in the development of the information and data management research area in Brazil. The survey covers about four decades of research work, aiming at theoretical and practical results, with increasing participation of other groups that they helped to initiate.
Ten years of webtables
Authors: Cafarella Michael , Halevy Alon , Lee Hongrae , Madhavan Jayant , Yu Cong , Wang Daisy Zhe , Wu Eugene
Published: September 2018

In 2008, we wrote about WebTables, an effort to exploit the large and diverse set of structured databases casually published online in the form of HTML tables. The past decade has seen a flurry of research and commercial activities around the WebTables project itself, as well as the broad topic of informal online structured data. In this paper, we
1
will review the WebTables project, and try to place it in the broader context of the decade of work that followed. We will also show how the progress over the past ten years sets up an exciting agenda for the future, and will draw upon many corners of the data management community.
Panel
Authors: Stoyanovich Julia , Howe Bill , Jagadish HV , Miklau Gerome
Published: September 2018

Recently, there has begun a movement towards Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (FAT) in algorithmic decision making, and in data science more broadly. The database community has not been significantly involved in this movement, despite "owning" the models, languages, and systems that produce the (potentially biased) input to the machine learning applications.

What role should the database community play in this movement? Do the objectives of fairness, accountability and transparency give rise to core data management issues that can drive new research questions and new systems, or are these "soft topics" that are best left to be managed with policy? Will emphasis on these topics dilute our core competency in techniques and technologies for data, or can it reinforce our central role in technology stacks ranging from startups to the enterprise, and from local non-profits to the federal government? The goal of this panel is to debate these questions, and to whet the appetite of the data management community for research in this important emerging area.
Join query optimization techniques for complex event processing applications
Authors: Kolchinsky Ilya , Schuster Assaf
Published: September 2018

Complex event processing (CEP) is a prominent technology used in many modern applications for monitoring and tracking events of interest in massive data streams. CEP engines inspect real-time information flows and attempt to detect combinations of occurrences matching predefined patterns. This is done by combining basic data items, also called "primitive events", according to a pattern detection plan, in a manner similar to the execution of multi-join queries in traditional data management systems. Despite this similarity, little work has been done on utilizing existing join optimization methods to improve the performance of CEP-based systems.

In this paper, we provide the first theoretical and experimental study of the relationship between these two research areas. We formally prove that the CEP Plan Generation problem is equivalent to the Join Query Plan Generation problem for a restricted class of patterns and can be reduced to it for a considerably wider range of classes. This result implies the NP-completeness of the CEP Plan Generation problem. We further show how join query optimization techniques developed over the last decades can be adapted and utilized to provide practically efficient solutions for complex event detection. Our experiments demonstrate the superiority of these techniques over existing strategies for CEP optimization in terms of throughput, latency, and memory consumption.
AIDA
Authors: D'silva Joseph Vinish , De Moor Florestan , Kemme Bettina
Published: September 2018

With the tremendous growth in data science and machine learning, it has become increasingly clear that traditional relational database management systems (RDBMS) are lacking appropriate support for the programming paradigms required by such applications, whose developers prefer tools that perform the computation outside the database system. While the database community has attempted to integrate some of these tools in the RDBMS, this has not swayed the trend as existing solutions are often not convenient for the incremental, iterative development approach used in these fields. In this paper, we propose AIDA - an abstraction for advanced in-database analytics. AIDA emulates the syntax and semantics of popular data science packages but transparently executes the required transformations and computations inside the RDBMS. In particular, AIDA works with a regular Python interpreter as a client to connect to the database. Furthermore, it supports the seamless use of both relational and linear algebra operations using a unified abstraction. AIDA relies on the RDBMS engine to efficiently execute relational operations and on an embedded Python interpreter and NumPy to perform linear algebra operations. Data reformatting is done transparently and avoids data copy whenever possible. AIDA does not require changes to statistical packages or the RDBMS facilitating portability.
2SCENT
Authors: Kumar Rohit , Calders Toon
Published: September 2018

In interaction networks nodes may interact continuously and repeatedly. Not only which nodes interact is important, but also the order in which interactions take place and the patterns they form. These patterns cannot be captured by solely inspecting the static network of who interacted with whom and how frequently, but also the temporal nature of the network needs to be taken into account. In this paper we focus on one such fundamental interaction pattern, namely a temporal cycle. Temporal cycles have many applications and appear naturally in communication networks. In financial networks, on the other hand, the presence of a temporal cycle could be indicative for certain types of fraud, and in biological networks, feedback loops are a prime example of this pattern type. We present 2SCENT, an efficient algorithms to find all temporal cycles in a directed interaction network. 2SCENT consist of a non-trivial temporal extension of a seminal algorithm for finding cycles in static graphs, preceded by an efficient candidate root filtering technique which can be based on Bloom filters to reduce the memory footprint. We tested 2SCENT on six real-world data sets, showing that it is up to 300 times faster than the only existing competitor and scales up to networks with millions of nodes and hundreds of millions of interactions. Results of a qualitative experiment indicate that different interaction networks may have vastly different distributions of temporal cycles, and hence temporal cycles are able to characterize an important aspect of the dynamic behavior in the networks.
Streaming graph partitioning
Authors: Abbas Zainab , Kalavri Vasiliki , Carbone Paris , Vlassov Vladimir
Published: September 2018

Graph partitioning is an essential yet challenging task for massive graph analysis in distributed computing. Common graph partitioning methods scan the complete graph to obtain structural characteristics offline, before partitioning. However, the emerging need for low-latency, continuous graph analysis led to the development of online partitioning methods. Online methods ingest edges or vertices as a stream, making partitioning decisions on the fly based on partial knowledge of the graph. Prior studies have compared offline graph partitioning techniques across different systems. Yet, little effort has been put into investigating the characteristics of online graph partitioning strategies.

In this work, we describe and categorize online graph partitioning techniques based on their assumptions, objectives and costs. Furthermore, we employ an experimental comparison across different applications and datasets, using a unified distributed runtime based on Apache Flink. Our experimental results showcase that model-dependent online partitioning techniques such as low-cut algorithms offer better performance for communication-intensive applications such as bulk synchronous iterative algorithms, albeit higher partitioning costs. Otherwise, model-agnostic techniques trade off data locality for lower partitioning costs and balanced workloads which is beneficial when executing data-parallel single-pass graph algorithms.
Locality-sensitive hashing for earthquake detection
Authors: Rong Kexin , Yoon Clara E. , Bergen Karianne J. , Elezabi Hashem , Bailis Peter , Levis Philip , Beroza Gregory C.
Published: September 2018

In this work, we report on a novel application of Locality Sensitive Hashing (LSH) to seismic data at scale. Based on the high waveform similarity between reoccurring earthquakes, our application identifies potential earthquakes by searching for similar time series segments via LSH. However, a straightforward implementation of this LSH-enabled application has difficulty scaling beyond 3 months of continuous time series data measured at a single seismic station. As a case study of a data-driven science workflow, we illustrate how domain knowledge can be incorporated into the workload to improve both the efficiency and result quality. We describe several end-to-end optimizations of the analysis pipeline from pre-processing to post-processing, which allow the application to scale to time series data measured at multiple seismic stations. Our optimizations enable an over 100× speedup in the end-to-end analysis pipeline. This improved scalability enabled seismologists to perform seismic analysis on more than ten years of continuous time series data from over ten seismic stations, and has directly enabled the discovery of 597 new earthquakes near the Diablo Canyon nuclear power plant in California and 6123 new earthquakes in New Zealand.
Statistics of Hecke eigenvalues for GL(𝑛)
Authors: Lau Yuk-Kam , Ng Ming Ho , Wang Yingnan
Published: September 2018

A two-dimensional central limit theorem for the eigenvalues ofGL⁢(n){\mathrm{GL}(n)}Hecke–Maass cusp forms is newly derived. The covariance matrix is diagonal and hence verifies the statistical independence between the real and imaginary parts of the eigenvalues. We also prove a central limit theorem for the number of weighted eigenvalues in a compact region of the complex plane, and evaluate some moments of eigenvalues for the Hecke operatorTp{T_{p}}which reveal interesting interferences.
Assessment of runoff nitrogen load reduction measures for agricultural catchments
Authors: Martínková Marta , Hejduk Tomáš , Fučík Petr , Vymazal Jan , Hanel Martin
Published: September 2018

Water quality in rural catchments is influenced by many societal and bio-physical factors (e.g. different pollution sources, land use and land cover changes). Good ecological status and surface water quality are currently challenged mainly due to different poorly identified pollution sources. The main objective of this study is to estimate the potential of different measures (land use changes and/or reduction in point sources) and their combinations in decreasing the nitrate-nitrogen load from Jankovský stream catchment. The eco-hydrological model SWIM, which simulates dynamics of nutrients in a catchment was used in the study. The simulations for scenario measures showed that nitrate-nitrogen loads at the outlet can be decreased more by reduction of municipal nitrate-nitrogen sources rather than by agricultural land-use change. Overall, the modeling results demonstrated that the most effective scenario was the combination of total reduction of municipal nitrate-nitrogen sources and agricultural land-use change.
Comparison of performing 12 weeks’ resistance training before, after and/or in between aerobic exercise on the hormonal status of aged women: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Banitalebi Ebrahim , Faramarzi Mohammad , Bagheri Laleh , Kazemi Abdol Reza
Published: September 2018

Background

Physiological aging can now be considered as a multi-factorial process that is associated with anatomical and signaling changes associated with endocrine function.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the comparison of performing 12 weeks’ resistance training before, after and/or in between aerobic exercise on the hormonal status of aged women.

Materials and methods

Forty healthy aged women (age: 67.35 ± 1.40 years) were randomly divided into three training groups and a control group: resistance followed by endurance training (ER, n = 12), endurance training followed by resistance training (RE, n = 12, interval resistance-endurance (RE) training (INT, n = 12) and a control (Con, n = 12) groups. The training program was done over 12 weeks, 3 times per week. Endurance training was performed on a cycle ergometer (intensity: 60–90% maximum heart rate) and resistance training involved selected resistance exercises (intensity: 40–75 one-repetition maximum, 8–18 repeats). All participants were evaluated before and after the training period.

Results and conclusion

The data showed that performing resistance training before, after and/or in between aerobic exercise did not influence the adaptive response of insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) (p = 0.07), growth hormone (p = 0.35), cortisol (p = 0.20), insulin (p = 0.72), epinephrine (p = 0.83) and norepinephrine (p = 0.86) levels throughout the study. However, when comparing pre and post, no significant differences were shown following combined training within the SE, ES and INT groups for all variables (p < 0.05), except of IGF-1 within ES (p = 0.04) and SE (p = 0.02), and testosterone within ES (p = 0.007). In conclusion, combined training with RE order may be more effective than other orders for increasing anabolic status in aged women.
Mechanisms of change of traditional mindfulness practice in Thai adolescent students: a cross-sectional mediation study
Authors: Jarukasemthawee Somboon , Pisitsungkagarn Kullaya , Leangsuksant Thanapol , González Natalia Lara
Published: September 2018

Given the substantial evidence for the efficacy of secular mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) for reducing psychological distress and increasing wellbeing, research attention has more recently turned to investigating the mechanisms by which this is achieved and has revealed that MBI works not only directly on reducing distress, but also indirectly through a reduction in mediating problems such as rumination and emotional regulation difficulty. However, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, no studies have yet been undertaken to evaluate the effect on such mediating conditions, of traditional Buddhist mindfulness meditation, as practiced in Eastern cultures and increasingly in the West, from which MBIs have been derived but remain distinctly different. The current study was therefore designed to examine the effect of traditional mindfulness on mediating conditions in participants who were born into and were experienced in this approach. Specifically, the study examines the relationship between traditional mindfulness and distress, and between traditional mindfulness and the mediating conditions of rumination and emotional regulation difficulty, in Thai adolescent students experienced in Buddhist meditation practices. The results resonate well with the findings from MBI studies, showing significant negative correlations between rumination and distress and emotional regulation difficulty and distress, and significant positive correlations between mindfulness and the mediators. The implications of the benefits of traditional mindfulness for reducing non-clinical distress, rumination and difficulties in emotion regulation are discussed.
Optimization and Characterization of Wheat Bran Modified by Citric Acid Using a Dry Reaction Method for Enhancement of Methylene Blue Adsorption
Authors: Heydari Abolfazl , Daneshafruz Haniyeh , Doostan Farideh , Sheibani Hassan
Published: September 2018

Wheat bran is modified thermochemically through reaction with citric acid, as carboxyl groups bearing agent, according to a dry condition method at the elevated temperature. In this study, the main objectives are optimization the factors affecting on the pendant carboxylic acid groups of wheat bran–citrate, including concentration of citric acid solution (0–1.8 M), volume of citric acid solution (5.4–16.2 g), curing temperature (0–170 °C), curing time (0–90 min.), mixing method (solution mixing vs kneading) of reactants, and the catalyst effect (0–5, sodium phosphate dibasic dodecahydrate/citric acid molar ratio). The amount of pendant carboxylic acid groups is determined by simple acid-base titration. The obtained methylene blue adsorption data is well matched with the amount of pendant carboxylic acid groups in wheat bran–citrate and this amount increase with an increase in pendant carboxylic acid groups.
Melkin et les treize boules de cristal
Authors: Gouttebroze Jean-Guy
Published: September 2018

Dans la Cronica sive Antiquitates Glastoniensis Ecclesiae de Jean de Glastonbury, telle que l’a publiée James P. Carley, apparaît en deux endroits un texte énigmatique qu’un devin, Melkin, qui
fuit ante Merlinum, est censé avoir émis. Ce texte prophétique a sollicité la curiosité de plusieurs chercheurs, mais il reste de nombreuses zones d’ombre. Nous avons voulu, à notre tour, en donner une interprétation. Elle repose essentiellement sur la mise à jour d’un parallèle implicite, inhérent au texte, entre Glastonbury et Rome. Parallèle initié par la présence, à époque païenne, sur le site de l’abbaye, de devins qui pratiquent la cristallomancie et s’ouvrant, à la suite de la christianisation du lieu et de la découverte du tombeau de Joseph d’Arimathie, sur une perspective eschatologique qui concerne l’avenir du sanctuaire. Quand ce tombeau sera ouvert, une période de prospérité et de gràce, prédit Melkin sous une forme symbolique, s’étendra sur lui.
des willn si bêde wârn bereit:
Deviante Stimmen und wie Antikonie Handlungsautonomie postuliert
Authors: Dimpel Friedrich Michael
Published: September 2018

Das soziologische Konzept von deviantem Verhalten wird für die Analyse literarischer Texte erprobt. Beckers Devianz-Konzept ist anwendbar, weil es nicht auf angeblich universell gültigen Normen beruht, sondern weil eine Handlung dann als deviant betrachtet wird, wenn sie mit Blick auf die jeweils konsultierten Wertmaßstäbe als abweichend etikettiert wird. In Wolframs Parzival scheint Antikonie sich deviant zu dem zuvor etablierten Wertmaßstab ‘Keuschheit’ zu verhalten, was der Figur manch despektierliche Wertung von der älteren Forschung eingebracht hat. Fokussiert wird darauf, dass Antikonie nach der ersten Kemenatenszene für Gawan in der Ratsversammlung eintritt und danach erneut mit Gawan eine Kemenate aufsucht. Das zweite Beisammensein mit dem angeblichen Königsmörder demonstriert öffentlich sichtbar, dass die Schwester des Königs Handlungsautonomie in der Partnerwahl beansprucht. Damit wird das System der Wertmaßstäbe im Parzival transformiert. Eine flankierende digitale Studie zeigt, dass auch die Figurenrede von Antikonie deutliche Abweichungen zur Stimme von anderen Parzival-Figuren aufweist.
Flow analysis of materials in friction stir welding
Authors: Jagadeesha C.B.
Published: September 2018

The aim of this study was to analyze the flow behavior of materials in friction stir welding (FSW) of magnesium (Mg) alloy to aluminum (Al) alloy materials at a low rotational speed of 300 rpm and at a low welding speed of 50 mm/min. It was observed that during the dissimilar welding at 300 rpm, some of the material of the advancing side (AS) rotated almost 360° and transferred to the position just behind the previous position, i.e. initial AS position and some of the material of leading edge region transferred to the trailing edge region and such a change continued. Material transfer takes place layer by layer from front to back portions of the FSW tool; a thin layer of material adhered to the tool in the front portion for every half rotation and transferred to the back portion of the tool and this repeated in subsequent rotations. Wrinkle formation began at the front side of the forward moving tool and as the material transferred to backside they became an onion ring pattern, and this was inevitable because the formation of onion rings instantly in the backside region of the tool was clearly impossible.
Impact of Task Types on Collaborative Information Seeking Behavior
Authors: Wu Dan , Liang Shaobo , Dong Jing , Qiu Jin
Published: September 2018

This study examined the task type as an important factor in collaborative information seeking activities, devoting special attention to its impacts on collaborative information seeking behavior, awareness and sentiment. Collaborative information search experiments were conducted on a collaborative search system—Coagmento—for three different types of task (informational, transactional and navigational). System log, surveys and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data, with quantitative and qualitative analyses carried out on the data which related to 12 participants in four groups. Quantitative analysis employed SPSS 20, while qualitative analysis was carried out using ATLAS.ti. Through our research, we found that the task types have impact on users’ collaborative information seeking behavior in terms of web page browsing, search and image using, as well as interact with task awareness. A collaborative team approach is more suitable for completing the informational task than transactional and navigational tasks, while the task type also influences the sentiment. Concretely speaking, the transactional task causes more negative emotions.
Cuffed versus uncuffed endotracheal tubes in pediatrics: a meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Liang , Zhang Jun , Pan Guoshi , Li Xia , Shi Tianwu , He Wensheng
Published: September 2018

Background

Cuffed and uncuffed endotracheal tubes are commonly used for pediatric patients in surgery and emergency situations. It is still controversial which approach should be adopted. The purpose of the study was to compare the application of cuffed and uncuffed endotracheal tubes in pediatric patients.

Methods

We searched PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane Library for clinical trials, which compared the two applications in children. The study characteristics and clinical data were summarized by two independent reviewers. Meta-analysis of the data was done using Revman 5.3 software.

Results

6 studies with 4141 cases were included in this meta-analysis. The pooling analysis showed that more patients need tube changes in uncuffed than cuffed tubes (OR: 0.07, 95% CI: 0.05-0.10, P < 0.00001). However, there were no differences on intubation duration, reintubation occurrence, accidental extubation rate, croup occurrence and racemic epinephrine use during the intubation process. Also we didn’t find any differences on laryngospasm and stridor occurrence after extubation.

Conclusions

Our study demonstrated that uncuffed endotracheal tubes increased the need for tube changes. Other incidences or complications between the two groups had no differences. Cuffed tubes may be an optimal option for pediatric patients. But more trials are needed in the future.
Thresholding for medical image segmentation for cancer using fuzzy entropy with level set algorithm
Authors: Maolood Ismail Yaqub , Al-Salhi Yahya Eneid Abdulridha , Lu Songfeng
Published: September 2018

In this study, an effective means for detecting cancer region through different types of medical image segmentation are presented and explained. We proposed a new method for cancer segmentation on the basis of fuzzy entropy with a level set (FELs) thresholding. The proposed method was successfully utilized to segment cancer images and then efficiently performed the segmentation of test ultrasound image, brain MRI, and dermoscopy image compared with algorithms proposed in previous studies. Results showed an excellent performance of the proposed method in detecting cancer image segmentation in terms of accuracy, precision, specificity, and sensitivity measures.
Synthesis, spectroscopic study, and crystal structure of a new organotin(IV) selenate derivative
Authors: Diallo Waly , Diop Libasse , Diop Cheikh Abdoul Khadir , Cattey Hélène , Plasseraud Laurent
Published: September 2018

The polymeric organotin(IV) selenate complex [(Me3Sn)3(SeO4)(OH)]n (1) has been isolated as single crystals from the reaction of [(Me2NH2)2SeO4] and Me3SnCl in methanol. In the solid state, compound 1 was characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. 1 crystallizes in the orthorhombic system space group Pbca with a=11.0231(2) Å, b=16.3461(3) Å, c=20.9945(4) Å, α=β=γ=90°, V=3782.89(12) Å3, and Z=8. Its structure can be described as a polymeric zigzag chain based on Me3Sn moieties linked by tridentate selenate anions. Pendant (Me3Sn)2OH groups are also connected to the chain, according to a syndiotactic organization, and via Sn-O-Se bonds. Intermolecular OH···O hydrogen bonds and long Se-O···Sn distance interactions promote the association of chains together and lead to the propagation of a three-dimensional network. In addition, the behavior of 1 in solution (methanol) was also studied by multinuclear nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.
Active optical antennas driven by inelastic electron tunneling
Authors: Braun Kai , Laible Florian , Hauler Otto , Wang Xiao , Pan Anlian , Fleischer Monika , Meixner Alfred J.
Published: September 2018

In this review, we focus on the experimental demonstration of enhanced emission from single plasmonic tunneling junctions consisting of coupled nano antennas or noble metal tips on metallic substrates in scanning tunneling microscopy. Electromagnetic coupling between resonant plasmonic oscillations of two closely spaced noble metal particles leads to a strongly enhanced optical near field in the gap between. Electron beam lithography or wet chemical synthesis enables accurate control of the shape, aspect ratio, and gap size of the structures, which determines the spectral shape, position, and width of the plasmonic resonances. Many emerging nano-photonic technologies depend on the careful control of such localized resonances, including optical nano antennas for high-sensitivity sensors, nanoscale control of active devices, and improved photovoltaic devices. The results discussed here show how optical enhancement inside the plasmonic cavity can be further increased by a stronger localization via tunneling. Inelastic electron tunneling emission from a plasmonic junction allows for new analytical applications. Furthermore, the reviewed concepts represent the basis for novel ultra-small, fast, optically, and electronically switchable devices and could find applications in high-speed signal processing and optical telecommunications.
Asymmetric impact of uncertainty in recessions: are emerging countries more vulnerable?
Authors: Chatterjee Pratiti
Published: September 2018

This paper asks two questions “Does there exist heterogeneity in the response of macro variables to uncertainty shocks across advanced and emerging countries? and, “How important is the state of the economy for the effects of an uncertainty shock?. I analyze the recession-specific effects of uncertainty for a sample of 8 countries – the US, UK, France, Canada, Mexico, Chile Argentina, and South Korea. The results emphasize asymmetries along two dimensions – (1) An uncertainty shock disproportionately increases the depth and duration of a recession for an emerging country vis-

$\grave{a}$

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-vis an advanced economy. Furthermore, I find that openness to trade exacerbates this decline and subsequently the pace of recovery in emerging countries in comparison to advanced economies. (2) Controlling for the state of the economy is crucial when quantifying the effects of an uncertainty shock. I show that a linear model – without regime differentiation – consistently underestimates the response of macroeconomic variables to uncertainty shocks when compared with the predictions from the recessionary regime of the nonlinear model. The extent of this under prediction is again disproportionately larger for emerging countries. The results in conjunction can potentially explain the excess volatility of macro variables for emerging countries during recessionary episodes.
Sensor-realistic simulation of images in diffraction-limited imaging systems / Sensorrealistische Simulation von Bildern in beugungsbegrenzten Abbildungssystemen
Authors: Mohammadikaji Mahsa , Bergmann Stephan , Burke Jan , Beyerer Jürgen , Dachsbacher Carsten
Published: September 2018

Die optische Abbildung ist der Baustein verschiedener Messsysteme, deren Abbildungsqualität unter anderem durch die Wahl der Abbildungsparameter, der Optik und des Bildsensors beeinflusst wird. Realistische Bildsimulationen können daher für die automatische Optimierung solcher Freiheitsgrade sehr vorteilhaft sein. In diesem Beitrag stellen wir ein physikalisch basiertes Modell für die Bilderzeugung vor, welches aus drei Teilen besteht: Geometrische Lichttransportsimulation mit verfügbaren Computergrafikverfahren, Einführung von Linsenabbildungseffekten mit Fourier-Optik und Integration der EMVA 1288 Sensorspezifikationen. Das vorgeschlagene Modell wurde für die Simulation der Bilder mit Speckle-Interferenz-Muster verwendet und verifiziert, indem eine gemessene Metalloberfläche von einer Laserlinie beleuchtet wird. Die Übereinstimmung der Simulationen mit realen Bildern zeigt, dass das Modell insbesondere bei beugungsbegrenzten Systemen genaue Annäherungen an die realen Bilder erzeugen kann. Zudem wird in diesem Paper der Simulationsprozess für kohärente und inkohärente Abbildungsfälle beschrieben, um Abbildungssysteme mit einer oder beiden Arten von Beleuchtungen simulieren zu können.
Messung des strömungsbeeinflussenden Kontaminationsgrads von Rotorblättern mittels thermografischer Strömungsvisualisierung / Measurement of the rotor blade contamination level by means of thermographic flow visualization
Authors: Dollinger Christoph , Gleichauf Daniel , Balaresque Nicholas , Sorg Michael , Fischer Andreas
Published: September 2018

Die aerodynamische Leistungsfähigkeit von Windenergierotorblättern wird durch Erosion und Kontamination der Rotorblattvorderkante negativ beeinflusst. Konventionelle Verfahren zur Messung der Strömungsgrenzschicht an Windenergierotorblättern sind invasiv und beeinflussen die zu messende Strömung. Daher wird ein nicht-invasives, auf der thermografischen Strömungsvisualisierung basierendes Verfahren vorgestellt, mit dem sich der Grad der Strömungsbeeinflussung aufgrund von Erosion und Kontamination erstmals an realen Windenergieanlagen in Betrieb quantifizieren lässt. Dies erfolgt über die Lokalisierung des laminar-turbulenten Strömungsumschlags und einer geometrischen Zuordnung der zweidimensionalen Kameramessdaten zur dreidimensionalen Rotorblattgeometrie. Eine exemplarische Messung an einer 1,5MW Windenergieanlage offenbart einen Kontaminationsgrad von bis zu 5,2% bei einer Messunsicherheit von 0,1 %.
Inline-fähige Weißlichtinterferometrie mit integrierter Schwingungskompensation / Inline scanning white-light interferomety with integrated vibration compensation
Authors: Tereschenko Stanislav , Lehmann Peter
Published: September 2018

Weißlichtinterferometer sind weit verbreitete Messgeräte zur Erfassung von 3D-Mikrotopographien. Der Einsatz solcher Messgeräte in maschinennaher Umgebung abseits schwingungsgedämpfter Labore wird durch Umgebungsschwingungen erschwert oder sogar unmöglich gemacht. In diesem Beitrag wird ein passives Kompensationsverfahren am Beispiel von zwei interferometrischen Sensoren vorgestellt, mit dem der Einfluss beliebiger sowohl periodischer als auch transienter axialer Störschwingungen auf interferometrische Weißlichtmessungen kompensiert werden kann. Durch die zeitlich hochaufgelöste Abstandserfassung eines in das Weißlichtinterferometer integrierten Abstandsinterferometers werden alle Abweichungen von dem Soll-Tiefenscanverlauf gemessen und zur Korrektur der Weißlichtinterferenzsignale verwendet. Daraus wird anschließend mit etablierten Auswertealgorithmen die Oberflächentopographie berechnet. Die Schwingungskompensation wird anhand von Vergleichsmessungen mit und ohne Störschwingungen an verschiedenen Messobjekten demonstriert.
Detektion von Stoffen in Lebensmitteln mit Hilfe von 3D-Faltungsautoencodern / Detection of substances in food with 3D convolutional autoencoders
Authors: Anastasiadis Johannes , León Fernando Puente
Published: September 2018

Hyperspektrale Bilder beinhalten dank ihrer hohen spektralen Auflösung wertvolle Informationen. Sie können beispielsweise zur berührungslosen Untersuchung von Lebensmitteln verwendet werden. Um diese mit Hilfe konvolutionaler neuronaler Netze verarbeiten zu können, werden jedoch große Lernstichproben benötigt. Dies gilt insbesondere, wenn die Daten nicht vorverarbeitet werden und deshalb eine hohe Dimension besitzen. Allerdings existieren nur verhältnismäßig wenige hyperspektrale Datensätze. Um dieses Problem zu umgehen, kann ein Vortraining mit einem Autoencoder durchgeführt werden. Dieser komprimiert das Bild und rekonstruiert es im Anschluss wieder. Der Autoencoder wird trainiert, indem der Rekonstruktionsfehler minimiert wird. Bei der Komprimierung entstehen so aussagekräftige Merkmale. In diesem Beitrag wird am Beispiel von Gewürzmischungen untersucht, ob einzelne Komponenten in Mischungen detektiert werden können. Dabei wird mit einem kleinen Datensatz ein neuronales Netz mit Hilfe eines 3D-Faltungsautoencoders trainiert.
Entwurf eines kontaktlosen interferometrischen Dehnungssensors / Design of a contactless interferometric strain gauge
Authors: Wang Fangjian , Rembe Christian
Published: September 2018

In diesem Beitrag wird ein interferometrischer Sensor vorgestellt, der eine mechanische Dehnung mit Hilfe einer differentiellen Laser-Doppler-Messung auf einer technischen Oberfläche kontaktlos misst und für die Betriebsfestigkeitsprüfung entworfen wurde. Der kompakte Sensor erfasst die Auslenkungen an zwei nebeneinanderliegenden Messpunkten in der Ebene senkrecht zu der durch eine Empfangslinse definierten optischen Achse (in-plane). Die Differenzauslenkung bezogen auf den konstanten Abstand der Messstellen entspricht der mittleren Dehnung zwischen beiden Messpunkten. Die Anwendung des Dehnungssensors in der Betriebsfestigkeitsprüfung erfordert eine Dynamik der Dehnung von 0,001 bis 3 Promille. Ein mathematisches Modell wurde für den Entwurf eines optimalen optischen Aufbaus und für die Ermittlung der theoretischen physikalischen Auflösungsgrenze des Sensors erarbeitet. Wir stellen in diesem Beitrag unser Modell und ein optimiertes Sensordesign vor.
Charge density study of bis(clonixato)bis(ethanol) bis(imidazole)copper(II) complex
Authors: Herich Peter , Kucková Lenka , Moncol Jan , Kožíšek Jozef
Published: September 2018

An experimental electronic structure of bis(clonixato)bis(ethanol) bis(imidazole)copper(II) complex, [Cu(cln)2(im)2(EtOH)2] (cln=clonixato, im=imidazole) (1) has been obtained from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data collected at 100 K using an Incoatec IμS Ag microfocus source. Metal-ligand (ML) bonds and hydrogen bonds (HBs) have been analysed using topological analysis of the experimental electron density with the atoms in molecules (AIM) approach. The central copper atom is octahedrally coordinated by two oxygen atoms from two clonixato anions and two nitrogen atoms from two imidazole ligands in equatorial plane. In axial positions are two oxygen atoms from two ethanol molecules. AIM analysis establishes that the central copper atom is bonded more strongly to the clonixato anion that to the imidazole or ethanol molecules. AIM analysis of two intramolecular and one intermolecular hydrogen bonds permits to estimate their strength. We show that the hydrogen bonds are strong enough to protect the molecule from decomposition in solvent media and to disable the more reactive imidazole-Cu-clonixato complex from interacting with e.g. a macromolecule. The electrostatic potential of the complex shows a highly positive value on the central atom, so the complex is highly reactive in an interaction with negative ligands.
Selection and Enhancement of the Single Harmonic Emission Event in the Water Window Region
Authors: Liu Hang , Feng A. Yuanzi
Published: September 2018

The control of the high-order harmonic generation in the half-cycle region has been investigated by using the improved polarization gating (PG) technology. It is found that by properly controlling the delay time of the PG pulse, the contribution of the harmonic plateau is nearly coming from the single harmonic emission event, which is much better for producing the single attosecond pulses (SAPs). Further, by properly adding an ultraviolet pulse and a half-cycle pulse in the driven laser polarization direction, the harmonic yield can be enhanced and the harmonic cutoff can be extended, showing a high-intensity harmonic plateau covering the whole water window region. Finally, through the Fourier transformation of some selected harmonics, a 35 as SAP in the water window region can be obtained.
Investigation on Neutron-Induced Fission Fragment Angular Distribution of 232Th and 238U
Authors: Rasouli Soleiman , Behkami A.N. , Razavi R. , Dodaran Amir Abbas Sabouri , Bayati M.R.
Published: September 2018

Fission fragment angular distribution (FFAD) data would help obtain new insights into both the fission process and the mechanism of the projectile’s interaction with the nucleus. Recently, a structure has been reported in neutron-induced FFAD of even-even actinide nuclei near threshold. Statistical modelling is used in this article to analyse FFAD from neutron-induced fission of 238U and 232Th. The statistical variance K0
2
is obtained by fitting the measured fragment anisotropies with a theoretical model. Accurate analysis is performed to deduce the variance K0
2
of the K-distribution of the levels in the transition nucleus at neutron energies from threshold to 50 MeV. We show the method by which quantitative values of K0
2
can be obtained. The results not only present high-resolution data in these even-even nuclei but also show that for the 238U(n,f) reaction, the strength for the K-transition states comes mainly from the higher angular momenta, in agreement with the Nilsson model orbitals. We also study the periodic structure of anisotropy related to the set of (n,f) reactions in comparison with the related cross section performed with the TALYS code. The comparison of the variance with the cross section clearly illustrates the strong correlation between the value of the variance and the opening of a fission chance. We show that whenever the probability of reaction in a new channel and cross section increases, K0
2
decreases versus the incident neutron energy, so the minimum of K0
2
can show the maximum probability of the (n,f)xn reaction.
Suppressing Interferon-γ Stimulates Microglial Responses and Repair of Microbleeds in the Diabetic Brain
Authors: Taylor Stephanie , Mehina Eslam , White Emily , Reeson Patrick , Yongblah Kevin , Doyle Kristian P. , Brown Craig E.
Published: September 2018

Microcirculatory damage is a common complication for those with vascular risk factors, such as diabetes. To resolve vascular insults, the brain's immune cells (microglia) must rapidly envelop the site of injury. Currently, it is unknown whether Type 1 diabetes, a condition associated with chronic immune system dysfunction, alters microglial responses to damage and what mechanisms are responsible. Usingin vivotwo-photon microscopy in adult male mice, we show that microglial envelopment of laser-induced cerebral microbleeds is diminished in a hyperglycemic mouse model of Type 1 diabetes, which could not be fully rescued with chronic insulin treatment. Microglia were important for vessel repair because reduced microglial accumulation in diabetic mice or near-complete depletion in healthy controls was associated with greater secondary leakage of the damaged vessel. Broadly suppressing inflammation with dexamethasone in diabetic mice but not healthy controls, significantly enhanced microglial responses to microbleeds and attenuated secondary vessel leakage. These enhancements were associated with changes in IFN-γ signaling because dexamethasone suppressed abnormally high levels of IFN-γ protein levels in brain and blood serum of diabetic mice. Further, blocking IFN-γ in diabetic mice with neutralizing antibodies restored normal microglial chemotaxic responses and purinoceptorP2ry12gene expression, as well as mitigated secondary leakage. These results suggest that abnormal IFN-γ signaling disrupts microglial function in the diabetic brain, and that immunotherapies targeting IFN-γ can stimulate microglial repair of damaged vessels.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAlthough Type 1 diabetes is an established risk factor for vascular complications, such as microbleeds, and is known to hinder wound healing in the body, no study has examined how diabetes impacts the brain's innate immune reparative response (involving cells called microglia) to vascular injury. Here we show that microglial responses to brain microbleeds were diminished in diabetic animals, which also exacerbated secondary leakage from damaged vessels. These impairments were related to abnormally high levels of the proinflammatory cytokine IFN-γ because reducing IFN-γ with immunosuppressant drugs or blocking antibodies helped restore normal microglial responses and repair of damaged vessels. These data highlight the use of IFN-γ modulating therapeutics to enhance vascular repair in at-risk populations.
A Tale of Two Crematoria:
Authors: Chua Lawrence
Published: September 2018

In 1926, the remains of Siam's last absolute monarch were cremated on Bangkok's royal parade grounds, Sanam Luang, in a highly decorated ceremonial pyre known as the phra merumat or phra men. Modeled on Mount Meru, the center of the Vedic and Buddhist cosmos, ephemeral structures like this drew on the Traiphum phra ruang, a fourteenth-century text that elaborated the hierarchical structure of the universe and the exalted place of royalty within it. After the overthrow of the absolute monarchy in 1932, the sanctity of Sanam Luang was challenged when a controversial crematorium for commoners who died defending Siam's nascent constitution was built in the area once reserved for royalty. Together, the two crematoria played an important role in representing new forms of national belonging in the twentieth century that were consistent with older conceptions of social hierarchy. In A Tale of Two Crematoria: Funeral Architecture and the Politics of Representation in Mid-Twentieth-Century Bangkok, Lawrence Chua examines literary, pictorial, and architectural representations of the monumental crematoria from which powerful, meritorious people were historically dispatched to the upper echelons of the cosmos. As seen in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century temple murals and literature, the phra men was historically depicted as a space in which diverse social groups were brought together but hierarchically segregated. By the twentieth century, the above-noted crematoria for king and commoners—although radically different in appearance and ideology—could be understood as complementary structures that allowed older spatial and political approaches not only to survive but also to flourish in an era of turbulent social upheaval. Key to this continuity was the deployment of new modes of architectural representation such as the plan and section. Associated with Siam's nascent architectural profession and the rational representation of space, these tools depicted a modern form of political community and premodern social hierarchy while underscoring the shared fate of citizens and the state.
Značaj i važnost isprave kralja Krešimira i za hrvatsku povijest X stoljeća
Authors: Antoljak Stjepan
Published: September 2018

Za rada u Kaptolskom arhivu u Splitu u kolovozu 1961. naišao sam na ispravu hrvatskog kralja Krešimira I, datiranu 950. godinom, koja je sačuvana sa još nekim drugim listinama u prijepisu kninskog kaptola iz 1397. godine u obliku napadno velike pergamene. Za ovu kraljevsku ispravu znao je prvi Lucius, koji ju je naveo u vezi s Vranjicom u djelu »De Regno Dalmatiae et Croatiae«, napomenuvši u izdanju od 1666. da se nalazi u nadbiskupskom arhivu u Splitu, a i u ovom pak izdanju od 1668. da se čuva u tom istom splitskom nadbiskupskom arhivu. On je čak i prepisao taj privilegij zajedno s onim ostalim poveljama iz pergamene (ex membrana Aröhiepiscopatus Spalatensis), kako to sam navodi na početku prijepisa, u svoje bilješke, sačuvane u spomenutom kaptolskom arhivu, gdje se i danas čuvaju uvezene u sveske.