bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning in Health
Authors: Kara Gönül , Polat Leyla Özgür
Published: November 2024

The rapid increase in the amount of data in the healthcare sector has increased the importance of machine learning and data analysis techniques based on artificial intelligence in disease prediction and risk identification. n this context, heart disease prediction is one of the most frequently addressed problems. In this section, classification algorithms used in health are discussed and a sample application in heart disease prediction is performed to demonstrate the accuracy and reliability of the algorithms. Using a dataset of 1025 samples from the UCI data repository, heart disease prediction was performed with supervised machine learning models such as Logistic Regression, Decision Trees, Support Vector Machines, K-Nearest Neighbor and Naive Bayes over 14 attributes and the results were interpreted. The study tries to show how different algorithms process the features in the dataset and which model performs better. As a result, it is shown how algorithms can be used in heart disease prediction with practical application and how the results can be interpreted.
COVID Detection Model Using X-Ray Images
Authors: Khan Vasima , Tahiliani Komal
Published: November 2024

The global COVID-19 pandemic has posed unprecedented problems to healthcare institutions across the globe. Ensuring timely and precise identification of the virus is crucial to efficiently manage its transmission. In the context of the metaverse, the implementation of a non-contact detection method has possible advantages by replacing the necessity of a physical COVID-19 test with a digital challenge. The present chapter explores the utilisation of machine learning and deep learning methodologies in the creation of a COVID-19 detection model through the analysis of X-ray pictures. The main aim of this approach is to augment the foundational notion of the metaverse. The primary objective of this model is to precisely ascertain the existence of COVID-19, regardless of its positive or negative status, and to identify instances of viral pneumonia by the analysis of X-ray pictures. The present investigation is grounded upon recent research that indicates a correlation between the presence of COVID-19 and detectable findings in chest X-ray pictures.
AI-Driven-IoT(AIIoT)-Based Decision Making in Kidney Diseases Patient Healthcare Monitoring
Authors: Kazi Kutubuddin Sayyad Liyakat
Published: November 2024

As artificial intelligence (AI) and the internet of things (IoT) continue to grow, the KSK approach is poised to revolutionize decision-making processes and make the world a more intelligent and efficient place. To fulfill the requirements of the task that is being proposed, this model was developed expressly for that purpose. During the classification process, these classifiers are utilized in the case of disease datasets, specifically in areas such as those that belong to kidney diseases. When it comes to determining how effectively the classifiers are functioning, there are three basic indicators that are taken into consideration. It is important to note that this is referring to the metrics of accuracy, precision, and recall. It is possible to acquire an accuracy rate that ranges from a minimum of 87% to a maximum of 92.5% for each and every illness by utilizing the proposed KSK approach.
Harnessing AI for Better Health Outcomes
Authors: Siddiqui Ahmad Tasnim , Bhaladhare Pawan R.
Published: November 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing healthcare by enhancing patient outcomes through innovative applications and emerging trends. AI-driven technologies are transforming diagnostics, treatment planning, and patient management, making healthcare more efficient and personalized. Key trends include the use of machine learning algorithms for early disease detection, predictive analytics to anticipate patient needs for improved clinical documentation and patient communication. AI-powered imaging systems are providing more accurate and faster interpretations of medical scans, while personalized medicine is benefiting from AI's ability to analyze vast amounts of genetic and clinical data. AI is playing a crucial role in managing chronic diseases through continuous monitoring and real-time data analysis, enabling proactive interventions. The integration of AI with telemedicine platforms is expanding access to care, particularly in remote areas. But, the adoption of AI in healthcare also raises ethical concerns, such as privacy and algorithmic bias, which need to be addressed.
Comprehensive Strategies for Effective Global Environmental Protection Policies
Authors: Paul Sreelekha , Chakraborty Anindita , Das Dipanjan
Published: November 2024

As a review study, this undertaking aims at performing a multidisciplinary critical assessment of environmental protection laws as well as their emergence, implementation, and outcomes regarding different states and industries. It focuses on the shift from broad, stabilization strategies of sustainable development to vigorous, militating actions. Discussed are prominent legal instruments that have been cruciality helpful in the Paris Agreement and the Convention on Biological Diversity. On top of expanding on the typology of instruments used and the importance of environmental economics in shaping policy. The policies to be taken in the future will employ a more all-encompassing and synthesized strategy in policies will aim at integrating environmentalism in each sector, policies will provide for international cooperation, and there will be increased efforts to develop capacities in the underdeveloped countries. It offers pertinent recommendations for the formulation of future policies and thereby enriches understanding as to the characteristics of environmental policy.
The Convergence of Data Analytics and Influencer Marketing
Authors: Singh Shivangi
Published: November 2024

The growth of influencer marketing is intrinsically linked to the advancement of data analytics. As marketers leverage big data and machine learning algorithms, they can craft more effective influencer campaigns, tailoring content and partnerships to resonate with specific audience segments. This precision not only enhances campaign effectiveness but also contributes to the overall growth of influencer marketing as a key digital strategy. However, this convergence is not without challenges. Issues such as data privacy concerns, the need for specialized skill sets, and the complexity of integrating new technologies with existing marketing frameworks present significant hurdles. Balancing data-driven decisions with creative intuition and maintaining authenticity in influencer partnerships are ongoing considerations. Despite these challenges, the convergence of data analytics and influencer marketing continues to evolve, promising more innovative, efficient, and measurable marketing strategies.
BERT Model and Sentiment Analysis to Identify and Analyze the Key Factors That Influence Customer Relation With Brands
Authors: Khan Faisal Ahmed , Singh Navdeep , Tyagi Lalit Kumar , Khan Irfan , Kreem H.
Published: November 2024

This study's main goal is to create a model that can recognise and evaluate the variables affecting consumers' interactions with brands. For this, an assorted procedures plan was used. Managers and authorities connected to the internet shopping at a creamery merchandise firm talked about the subjective component. The purpose of these interview searches is to locate and better understand the detracting parts that concede the possibility of influencing brand data on public publishing terraces. Using the Max QDA operating system, the findings of these interviews made it smooth to recognize the origin and basic codes. A dataset of 50,525 consumer-produced representations created in response to 505 advertising Instagram posts by a creamery guest was utilised in the determinable part. The BERT framework and NLP (natural language processing) methods were used to analyse and identify the feelings expressed by users in their comments. Following sentiment analysis, the sentiments were grouped into separate subjects using the K-means clustering approach.
Analysis of Drop-In-Replaceability Applying Post-Quantum Cryptography Techniques
Authors: Shadaksharappa B. , Ramkumar P.
Published: November 2024

Security measures for both encrypting and decrypting data that are designed to withstand attacks from quantum computers are known as quantum-resistant cryptographic approaches. To answer certain mathematical problems, quantum computers (QCs) can outperform classical computers. Specifically designed to offer this security against quantum threats are cryptographic algorithms that are quantum-resistant. Maintaining efficiency and security for practical use is a significant obstacle to creating quantum-resistant cryptography algorithms. Four Quantum-Resistant Cryptographic Algorithms—CRYSTALS-Kyber, CRYSTALS-Dilithium, FALCON, and SPHINCS+—have been released by NIST. The paper analyses these algorithms with different parameters, performance indicators, and capacity to shed light on their usage and efficacy.
The Quantum Leap in Financial Security Safeguarding E-Commerce Transactions
Authors: Goswami Sachinkumar Anandpal , Dave Saurabh , Patel Ketan , Patel Kashyap Chaitanya Kumar
Published: November 2024

The rise of quantum computing is revolutionizing financial security, particularly in e-commerce transactions. Traditional cryptographic techniques struggle to protect sensitive financial information due to the increasing sophistication of cyber threats. Quantum cryptography, based on quantum mechanics, offers a promising solution. This study explores the foundational principles of quantum cryptography and its applications in safeguarding e-commerce transactions. It analyzes vulnerabilities in traditional cryptographic methods and highlights the potential of quantum-resistant algorithms. The paper aims to highlight the transformative potential of quantum cryptography in enhancing e-commerce transactions' security.
Quantum Cryptography Federated Learning Credit Card Fraud Detection Imbalanced Data
Authors: Pundkar Sumedh Narayan , Tiwari Susheel
Published: November 2024

Detecting credit card fraud is challenging due to the imbalanced nature of fraud data, where fraudulent activities are rare. Traditional machine learning models struggle with such cases, resulting in high false-negative rates. This paper introduces a novel approach that integrates quantum cryptography-enhanced Federated SMOTE with ADA Boost to address these challenges. Federated learning ensures data privacy while quantum cryptography secures communication. SMOTE handles data imbalance by generating synthetic samples, while ADA Boost improves performance on hard-to-classify cases. Tested on a real-world dataset, the framework achieved an accuracy of 91.5%, precision of 90%, recall of 89%, and an F1-score of 88%, significantly improving detection accuracy and reducing false negatives. This study showcases the potential of combining quantum cryptography with advanced machine learning for secure, scalable, and privacy-preserving fraud detection systems, especially in imbalanced datasets
Use of Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence in Diabetes
Authors: Sezen Bülent , Sertbakan Kubra
Published: November 2024

Diabetes has become a common and endemic health problem worldwide. In the face of such a health problem, healthcare services seek help from technological developments to combat this disease. As in every field, Artificial Intelligence applications in healthcare are being discussed more and more every day. Among the most promising technological frontiers in healthcare is Machine Learning, a subset of Artificial Intelligence that can analyze vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and predict outcomes. Machine Learning has the potential to revolutionize diabetes management by providing valuable insights into patient health, informing treatment decisions, and predicting a person's risk of developing the disease in the future. Within the scope of this section, Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning methods and their results used in research on early diagnosis, diagnosis and prediction of diabetes have been examined within the scope of literature review.
Machine Learning-Driven Internet of Things (MLIoT)-Based Healthcare Monitoring System
Authors: Kazi Kutubuddin Sayyad Liyakat , Mahant Mahesh Ashok
Published: November 2024

Healthcare organisations frequently use Machine Learning(ML) to generate precise and timely results. Doctors can make preliminary choices to save patients' lives thanks to early disease predictions. The power of Machine Learning(ML) applications in healthcare is being increased thanks in part to IoT- Internet of Things. ML-Machine learning techniques are utilised to analyse the data collected from IoT sensors about patients. The principal objective of the endeavour is to develop ML-based healthcare Framework that can reliably and early identify various diseases. Adaptive boosting, Random Forest, Decision Trees, Support Vector Machines, Naïve Bayes, Artificial Neural Networks & K-Nearest Neighbor are seven ML classification algorithms used in this work to predict nine fatal diseases: Blood Pressure, Diabetes, Hepatitis, and Kidney Disorders. The performance metrics—likes Accuracy, Precision, and Recall stand used to assess effectiveness of suggested model.
Enhancing Outlier Detection in Healthcare Data through Mahalanobis Distance Metric Analysis
Authors: Rajamani Santhosh Kumar , Iyer Radha Srinivasan
Published: November 2024

Mahalanobis distance is a useful multivariate statistic for determining how far apart two points are from one another. It is a very helpful statistic with excellent uses in multivariate anomaly detection, one-class classification, and classification on severely unbalanced datasets.This compilation delves into the refinement of outlier detection within healthcare data by employing Mahalanobis Distance Metric Analysis as its core methodology. Using Pure Tone Audiometry threshold data as a case study, the research highlights the method's effectiveness in identifying and characterizing outliers. The emphasis is placed on the robustness and applicability of the Mahalanobis Distance Metric, showcasing its potential to enhance outlier detection methodologies across diverse healthcare datasets. This study contributes a methodological advancement that extends beyond the specific application to Pure Tone Audiometry, offering a versatile framework for improved outlier detection in various healthcare domains.
Effectiveness of exercise-based rehabilitation on functionality and quality of life in breast cancer survivors undergoing chemo-radiotherapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Martín Pérez Sebastián Eustaquio , Martín Pérez Isidro Miguel , Martín Álvarez Nayara , Méndez Fernández Nauzet , Almagro Luis Rocío Montserrat
Published: November 2024

Breast cancer survivors often face physical and psychological complications post-chemoradiotherapy, including fatigue, muscle weakness, pain, and reduced quality of life (QoL). This systematic review and meta-analysis, conducted according to PRISMA guidelines, aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of exercise-based rehabilitation in improving functionality and QoL in breast cancer survivors. Databases such as MEDLINE, PEDro, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL Complete were searched for studies published between January 2014 and August 2024. The methodological quality was assessed using the PEDro scale, and bias was evaluated with the Cochrane RoB 2.0 tool. Evidence certainty was determined via the GRADE framework. The intervention significantly reduced fatigue (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −0.50, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.60 to −0.40, P < 0.00001). However, no significant effect was observed for aerobic capacity (VO2 max) (SMD = −0.06, 95% CI: −0.58–0.46; P = 0.83), though long-term interventions showed slight improvements. Muscle strength significantly increased (SMD = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.17–1.87, P = 0.02), with gains in both upper and lower limbs. Pain outcomes were mixed, with long-term interventions showing a small but significant reduction (SMD = −0.35, 95% CI: −0.69 to −0.02, P = 0.05). QoL significantly improved (SMD = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.42–1.46, P = 0.0004), with long-term interventions showing greater effects (SMD = 1.25, 95% CI: 0.34–2.15, P = 0.007). In conclusion, exercise-based rehabilitation reduces fatigue, improves muscle strength, and enhances QoL. Standardized protocols are needed to generalize benefits across broader populations. that these benefits can be generalized across broader populations. Further research should focus on developing tailored and standardized exercise regimens to maximize patient outcomes.
Escharotic Therapy vs. Primary Facial Closure for Omphalocele: An Early Outcome Analysis
Authors: Gurjar Bhairu L. , Gupta Rahul
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Context:

Omphalocele is a congenital midline periumbilical abdominal wall defect with the herniated visceral organs covered by a membrane. The morbidity and mortality of neonates with omphalocele in our geographical area are under-evaluated.

Aims:

The aim of the study was to compare the early outcomes of omphalocele using two different management modalities, that is, either escharotic therapy or primary facial closure from a high-volume institute in India.

Settings and Design:

This prospective observational study was undertaken over a one-year duration extending from January to December 2021 at our pediatric tertiary care teaching institute.

Subjects and Methods:

The study included all patients with omphalocele admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. The decision for management of the neonates with either escharotic therapy or primary facial closure was performed as per the discretion of the unit head.

Results:

There were 16 neonates with omphalocele; 10 (62.5%) males and six (37.5%) females. The mean birth weight was 2575 ± 839 g (range = 1700–5000 g). Associated major malformations/syndromes were observed in five (31.25%) patients. Group A (escharotic therapy) had nine patients with major omphalocele and two patients with minor omphalocele. Group B (primary facial closure of the defect) constituted four minor omphaloceles and one omphalocele major with a ruptured sac. Out of 11 patients in group A, nine survived (favorable outcomes); the cause of death in two patients was associated with cyanotic heart disease and cloacal exstrophy. Out of the five patients in group B, two survived (favorable outcomes); the cause of death in two patients was postoperative sepsis due to ruptured sac and associated OEIS syndrome. One patient had multi-organ dysfunction syndrome as a consequence of abdominal compartment syndrome.

Conclusions:

The survival percentage of neonates with escharotic therapy (81.82%) was better than primary facial closure (40%). The creation of ventral hernia is a better modality of management in neonates with omphalocele, especially in a resource-limited center.
Resúmenes
Authors: Educacional Perspectiva
Published: November 2024

Resúmenes de los artículos de este número
Resúmenes
Authors: Educacional Perspectiva
Published: November 2024

Resumen de los artículos de este número
La Innovación en el aula: referente para el diseño y desarrollo curricular
Authors: Medina Rivilla Antonio , Domínguez Garrido María Concepción , Sánchez Romero Cristina
Published: November 2024

La innovación es una actividad esencial para la mejora de los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje y constituye una base para el diseño y desarrollo curricular. Mejorar las acciones formativas y sentar las bases para la transformación continua requiere del profesorado una actitud y una práctica generadora de nuevo conocimiento didáctico y profesional.Las innovaciones realizadas en la última década han incidido en la actualización de los diseños y en los procesos curriculares desempeñados en los escenarios formativos, constatándose que existe una estrecha relación entre la cultura innovadora de las aulas y el desarrollo curricular.
Didáctica de la Educación Superior: nuevos desafíos en el siglo XXI
Authors: Moreno Olivos Tiburcio
Published: November 2024

El artículo analiza la problemática conceptual y práctica de la didáctica general en el contexto de la educación superior contemporánea. En la primera parte se recuperan los orígenes y el desarrollo de la didáctica, pues revisar el proceso histórico que esta disciplina ha tenido resulta fundamental para comprender su situación en el presente y sus futuros desafíos. También se aborda la especificidad del objeto de la didáctica, cuya complejidad ha generado debates y controversias en distintas épocas. La segunda parte se ocupa de los principales cambios que afronta la educación superior actual y en este marco se busca identificar algunos retos de la enseñanza superior; así como los ajustes que se tendrían que producir en las instituciones educativas para afrontar esta nueva realidad de forma adecuada. Estos cambios están permeando el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, haciéndolo mucho más complejo que antes, lo que ha generado que los docentes tengan que adquirir nuevos conocimientos y desarrollar o reaprender nuevas competencias, habilidades y actitudes. El foco se centra en el papel del docente actual y en cómo la didáctica general como disciplina, puede ser una valiosa herramienta que le sirva para intervenir de forma más efectiva en la mejora del proceso educativo.
Чебышeвские множества, составленные из объединения подпространств в несимметрично нормированных пространствах
Authors: Alimov Alexey Rostislavovich , Tsar'kov Igor' Germanovich
Published: November 2024

Множество называется чебышeвским, если оно есть множество существования и единственности, т. е. любая точка имеет во множестве единственную ближайшую точку. Изучаются свойства чебышeвских множеств, представляющих собой конечное или бесконечное объединение плоскостей, т. е. замкнутых аффинных подпространств, возможно, вырожденных в точки. Показано, что конечное объединение плоскостей является чебышeвским множеством, если и только если это объединение является чебышeвской плоскостью. При некоторых условиях на пространство или на множество показано, что счетное объединение плоскостей никогда не является чебышeвским множеством. Как следствие, дается следующий частичный ответ на известную проблему Ефимова-Стечкина-Кли о выпуклости чебышeвских множеств: в гильбертовом пространстве не более, чем счетное объединение плоскостей является чебышeвским множеством, если и только если это объединение само является чебышeвской плоскостью. Результаты получены, как в случае обычных линейных нормированных пространств, так и для пространств с несимметричной нормой.
Библиография: 33 наименования.
Obesity-Surgery is not the end
Authors: Ma Rui , Jiang Pei-Qiang , Liu Song-Yang , Yang Ding-Quan , Jiao Yan
Published: November 2024

In this editorial we comment on the article published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery . It investigates the potential mechanism of alcohol use disorder (AUD) following weight loss and its future prospects. We are particularly interested in this issue. According to existing research, the occurrence of AUD is closely linked to social factors, and the prevalence of AUD varies across different regions. However, there are limited studies on bariatric surgery and postoperative AUD in the Asian population, leaving ample room for further research in this area. Additionally, we believe that postoperative follow-up and dietary management are crucial. A multi-system integrated approach to management is the future direction for treating obesity.
Advances in minimally invasive treatment of malignant obstructive jaundice
Authors: Kang Li-Min , Xu Lei , Yu Fa-Kun , Zhang Fu-Wei , Lang Li
Published: November 2024

Malignant obstructive jaundice (MOJ) encompasses a range of diseases stemming from malignant tumors such as cholangiocarcinoma, pancreatic cancer, and primary liver cancer, among others, which cause obstruction in both intra- and extra-hepatic bile ducts. This obstruction may lead to elevated bilirubin levels, hepatic function impairment, and a low rate of successful surgical resection in clinical settings. There are various minimally invasive treatment options for MOJ, including endoscopic biliary drainage, ultrasound-guided procedures, and percutaneous biliary tract puncture drainage.
Value of serum pepsinogen ratio screening for early gastric cancer and precancerous lesions in Youcheng area
Authors: Han Xue , Yu Wei
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

The 5-year survival rate of patients with advanced gastric cancer remains extremely low (< 15%), whereas the 5-year survival rate of patients with early gastric cancer (EGC) is > 90%. Consequently, strengthening the screening of patients with EGC and precancerous lesions (PCLs) is essential.

AIM

To identify the value of serum pepsinogen ratio (PGR) screening for EGC and PCLs in the Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital.

METHODS

We first selected 385 patients with gastric lesions in the Youcheng area, determining benign lesions, PCLs, and EGC in 135, 123, and 127 cases, respectively, based on endoscopy and case diagnosis. The positive rates of pepsinogen I, pepsinogen II and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori ) in the three groups were detected, and the PGR was calculated. Subsequently, we plotted receiver operating characteristic curves to analyze the screening value of PGR and H. pylori -positive rates for PCLs and EGC.

RESULTS

PGR expression demonstrated a decreasing trend in patients with benign lesions, PCLs, and EGC successively according to the detection results, whereas the H. pylori -positive rate was notably increased in patients with PCLs and EGC compared to those with benign lesions. The area under the curves (AUCs) of PGR, H. pylori , and their combination in differentiating patients with benign lesions from those with PCLs were 0.611, 0.582, and 0.689, respectively; PGR, H. pylori , and their combination had an AUC of 0.618, 0.502, and 0.618 in distinguishing PCL patients from EGC patients, respectively; the AUCs of PGR, H. pylori , and their combination in discriminating patients with benign lesions from those with EGC were 0.708, 0.581, and 0.750, respectively.

CONCLUSION

PGR has great screening potential for patients with EGC and PCLs in the Youcheng area, and the screening efficiency is further improved by combining the H. pylori -positive rate.
Prognostic value of combined systemic inflammation response index and prognostic nutritional index in colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Li Ke-Jin , Zhang Zi-Yi , Sulayman Subinur , Shu Yin , Wang Kuan , Ababaike Saibihutula , Zeng Xiang-Yue , Zhao Ze-Liang
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

The prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients is notably influenced by both inflammation and nutritional status. The prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI) have been reported in prognostic studies of various tumors. However, the efficacy of the combination of the two in predicting the prognosis of CRC patients has not been studied.

AIM

To evaluate the effectiveness of PNI and SIRI in predicting the prognosis of patients with CRC.

METHODS

We retrospectively gathered data from 470 CRC patients who underwent feasible radical surgery at Xinjiang Cancer Hospital. The optimal cut-off values for SIRI and PNI, along with their predictive power for survival, were determined through area under the receiver operating characteristic curve using time-dependent receiver operating characteristic analysis. The Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were applied to assess prognostic impact, and a multifactorial Cox proportional hazards model was employed for analysis. Additionally, a new model, PSIRI, was developed and assessed for its survival prediction capability.

RESULTS

The optimal cutoff values for PNI and SIRI were determined to be 47.80 and 1.38, respectively. Based on these values, patients were categorized into high PNI and low PNI groups, as well as high SIRI and low SIRI groups. Significant differences in age, T stage, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte to lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) subgroups were observed between the PNI groups in the baseline profile. In the SIRI group, notable differences were found in gender, T stage, nerve invasion, intravascular tumor emboli, NLR, MLR, and PLR subgroups. Both low PNI and high SIRI were identified as independent risk factors for poor prognosis in CRC patients. When combined into the PSIRI model, it was shown that patients with a PSIRI ≤ 1 had a higher risk of death compared to those with a PSIRI of 2.

CONCLUSION

We assessed the impact of PNI and SIRI on the prognostic survival of CRC patients and developed a new model, PSIRI. This model demonstrated superior predictive accuracy, with a concordance index of 0.767.
Diagnostic value of digital continuous bowel sounds in critically ill patients with acute gastrointestinal injury: A prospective observational study
Authors: Sun Yuan-Hui , Song Yun-Yun , Sha Sha , Sun Qi , Huang Deng-Chao , Gao Lan , Li Hao , Shi Qin-Dong
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Acute gastrointestinal injury (AGI) is common in intensive care unit (ICU) and worsens the prognosis of critically ill patients. The four-point grading system proposed by the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine is subjective and lacks specificity. Therefore, a more objective method is required to evaluate and determine the grade of gastrointestinal dysfunction in this patient population. Digital continuous monitoring of bowel sounds and some biomarkers can change in gastrointestinal injuries. We aimed to develop a model of AGI using continuous monitoring of bowel sounds and biomarkers.

AIM

To develop a model to discriminate AGI by monitoring bowel sounds and biomarker indicators.

METHODS

We conducted a prospective observational study with 75 patients in an ICU of a tertiary-care hospital to create a diagnostic model for AGI. We recorded their bowel sounds, assessed AGI grading, collected clinical data, and measured biomarkers. We evaluated the model using misjudgment probability and leave-one-out cross-validation.

RESULTS

Mean bowel sound rate and citrulline level are independent risk factors for AGI. Gastrin was identified as a risk factor for the severity of AGI. Other factors that correlated with AGI include mean bowel sound rate, amplitude, interval time, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, platelet count, total protein level, blood gas potential of hydrogen (pH), and bicarbonate (HCO3-) level. Two discriminant models were constructed with a misclassification probability of < 0.1. Leave-one-out cross-validation correctly classified 69.8% of the cases.

CONCLUSION

Our AGI diagnostic model represents a potentially effective approach for clinical AGI grading and holds promise as an objective diagnostic standard for AGI.
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy with communicating accessory hepatic duct injury and management: A case report
Authors: Zhao Peng-Ju , Ma Yan , Yang Ji-Wu
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is considered the gold standard for the treatment of patients with gallstones. However, bile duct injury is one of the most serious complications of this surgery, with an incidence rate of 0.3%-0.7%. Variations in anatomical structures are one of the main reasons for such injuries.

CASE SUMMARY

We report a 26-year-old male patient who presented with repeated upper abdominal pain for 1 year. Ultrasound examination and blood tests indicated gallstones accompanied by chronic cholecystitis. The patient underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. During the surgery, a communicating bile duct connecting the gallbladder neck and the right hepatic duct was discovered and injured. Meticulous dissection identified it as a communicating accessory hepatic duct, which was then definitively ligated. Postoperatively, the patient recovered well, magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography showed no intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile duct strictures. The pathology report showed chronic cholecystitis with gallstones.

CONCLUSION

Carefully manage communicating accessory bile ducts in cholecystectomy using cholangiography or meticulous separation, followed by ligation is effective.
Effect of Financial Management Skills on the Effectiveness of Donor Fund Utilization in Health Projects in Tanzania
Authors: Mankambila Suzana , Marwa Janeth
Published: November 2024

This study examines effect of financial reporting skills on the effectiveness of donor fund utilization in health projects, focusing on the Ministry of Health in Dodoma, Tanzania. The study utilizes a mixed-methods approach, combining both quantitative and qualitative data collection techniques. A sample of 129 respondents, including project managers, accounting officers, procurement officers, and other key personnel, was surveyed to assess their financial reporting practices and perceptions of donor fund utilization. The study revealed that financial reporting skills, including accuracy, timeliness, and adherence to reporting standards, significantly enhance the effective use of donor funds. Strong leadership commitment, clear financial reporting guidelines, consistent monitoring, and timely submission of reports were identified as key factors contributing to successful fund utilization. The findings suggest that improving financial reporting skills is essential for optimizing the impact of donor-unded health projects, ensuring accountability, and aligning project outcomes with donor expectations. Based on these findings, the study recommends targeted training programs for project staff, the development of robust reporting guidelines, and the implementation of regular monitoring and evaluation systems to improve financial management in health projects. This research contributes valuable insights into the role of financial reporting in managing donor funds effectively in the health sector, particularly in low-and middle-income countrie
Enhancing Governance in Local Government Authorities in Tanzania: An Exploration of Effective Strategic Management Practices
Authors: Pandisha Haghai , Kombe Wilbard , Kayunze Kim
Published: November 2024

This study examines the impact of strategic management practices on governance in local government authorities, focusing on Mufindi District Council in Tanzania. A mixed-methods approach was used, combining content analysis and non-parametric analysis to assess changes in accountability and transparency between 2015 and 2020. The study found significant improvements in both accountability and transparency during the 2015-2020 implementation of strategic plans. The study measured governance by assessing eight key indicators and found that training, implementation, follow-up, and efficient working practices resulted in effective strategic management practices and achievement of the council's overall goals. The study recommends that a written strategic plan should be referenced by staff to ensure implementation of assigned duties and achievement of stated objectives. The study contributes to the existing literature on strategic management practices and governance in local government authorities, highlighting the importance of effective strategic planning and implementation in achieving good governance and service delivery. The findings are relevant to practitioners, policymakers, and leaders seeking to improve governance and service delivery in local government authorities
Konstelacyjna lektura Kordiana. I co z niej dziś wynika…
Authors: Kuziak Michał
Published: November 2024

Artykuł Konstelacyjna lektura „Kordiana”. I co z tego dziś wynika… ukazuje dwa sprzeczne sposoby odczytania dramatu Juliusza Słowackiego. Zgodnie z pierwszym utwór okazuje się wyrazem przemiany poety, odnajdywania przez niego sensu historii i własnego pisarstwa; zgodnie z drugim – ironicznym odkryciem braku sensu. Odczytania te weryfikuje ujęcie dramatu Słowackiego w kontekście konstelacji innych utworów poety – bliskich Kordianowi pod względem czasowym i problemowym. A Constellation Reading of Kordian. And What Results from It Today…: The article entitled A Constellation Reading of “Kordian.” And What Results from it Today… shows two contradictory ways of reading Juliusz Słowacki’s play. According to the first one, the work is an expression of the poet’s transformation, his discovery of the sense of history and his own writing; while according to the second one, it is an ironic discovery of meaninglessness. These readings are verified by presenting Słowacki’s drama in the context of the constellation of the poet’s other works – close to Kordian in terms of time and problems touched upon.
Wizualne niepokoje romantyzmu w Lambrze i Kordianie Juliusza Słowackiego
Authors: Pałucka Agnieszka
Published: November 2024

Celem artykułu jest przyjrzenie się niepokojącym aspektom wizualności w Lambrze i Kordianie Juliusza Słowackiego. Proponowany namysł nad rolą widzenia i bycia widzianym w romantycznych kreacjach bohaterów naznaczonych przez poetę ideowymi problemami swojego czasu prowadzi do pytania o aspiracje romantycznego podmiotu wizualnego. Zarówno dla Lambra, jak i dla Kordiana oko – własne i cudze – staje się źródłem niepokoju, a dążenia bohaterów, aby zapanować nad swoim wzrokiem i nad spojrzeniami innych są konsekwentnie podważane w obu utworach.

Disturbing Aspects of Romantic Visuality in Juliusz Słowacki’s Lambro and Kordian:
The aim of the article is to look at the disturbing aspects of visuality in Juliusz Słowacki’s Lambro and Kordian. The paper proposes inquiry into the role of seeing and being seen in the Romantic characters marked by the ideological concerns of Słowacki’s time. It leads to the question of the ambitions of the Romantic visual subject. For both Lambro and Kordian, the eye – one’s own as well as another’s – becomes a source of anxiety, and the protagonists’ aspirations to control their own vision and the gazes of others are consistently challenged in both works.
Nowoczesność jako czasownik. O książce Kacpra Kutrzeby Kalekująca nowoczesność a literatura. Dialektyczne przygody u zarania polskiej modernizacji
Authors: Wojciechowska Ewa
Published: November 2024

Artykuł jest recenzją książki Kacpra Kutrzeby Kalekująca nowoczesność a literatura. Dialektyczne przygody u zarania polskiej nowoczesności, ujętej jako próba nowego odczytania kanonicznych dzieł polskiego romantyzmu za pomocą filozoficznych koncepcji nowoczesności (Georg Hegel, Karol Marks, Friedrich Nietzsche, Max Weber, Marshall Berman). Modernity as a Verb. On Kacper Kutrzeba’s Book Kalekująca nowoczesność a literatura. Dialektyczne przygody u zarania polskiej modernizacji: The article is a review of Kacper Kutrzeba’s book Kalekująca nowoczesność a literatura. Dialektyczne przygody u zarania polskiej nowoczesności [Crippled Modernity vs. Literature. Dialectical Adventures at the Dawn of Polish Modernity], understood as an attempt to re-interpret the canonical works of Polish Romanticism by means of philosophical concepts of modernity (Georg Hegel, Karol Marks, Friedrich Nietzsche, Max Weber, Marshall Berman).
İzmir İli Aletsel Dönem Depremlerinin Şiddet, Büyüklük ve Odak Mekanizma Çözümleri Açısından Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Özkaymak Çağlar , Sözbilir Hasan , Softa Mustafa
Published: November 2024

Bu çalışmada İzmir ili ve yakın çevresinde aletsel dönemde meydana gelen depremler şiddet, büyüklük ve odak mekanizma çözümleri açısından bir aletsel deprem kataloğu oluşturacak şekilde düzenlenmiş ve deprem tehlikesine yönelik analiz edilerek değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen verilere göre, aletsel dönemde bölgede yaklaşık 54 bin deprem kaydı bulunmakta olup, bunlardan en büyüğü IX şiddetinde ve M=6.9 büyüklüğündedir. Büyüklüğü 5.8’den fazla olan depremlerin ortalama oluşma sıklığı 8 yıldır. Depremlerin odak mekanizma çözümleri meydana gelen depremlerin eğim/oblik atımlı normal ve doğrultu atımlı faylar tarafından üretildiğini göstermektedir. Bu veriler, bölgede İzmir Balıkesir Transfer Zonu’na ait doğrultu atımlı fayların, bölgedeki normal faylarla beraber deprem ürettiğine, bölgedeki güncel tektonik rejimin transtansiyonel karakterde olduğuna işaret etmektedir. Ayrıca, 11 Ağustos 1904 Sisam (Mw=6.1), 18 Ağustos 1904 Kuşadası Körfezi (Mw=6.0) ve 10 Ekim 1904 Buca Depremlerii (Mw=5.8) birbirini tetikleyecek şekilde gelişmiş olmalıdır. Benzer tetiklenme mekanizması 30 Ekim 2020 Sisam depremi (Mw=6.9) sonrasında 14 Ağustos 2022 Kuşadası Körfezi (Mw=4.9) ve 04 Kasım 2022 Buca depremleri (Mw=4.9) ile tekrar etmiştir. Bu da normal faylarla üretilen depremlerden sonra stres boşalımının komşu segmentlerdeki faylar boyunca transfer edildiğini göstermektedir. Tarihsel dönemde X şiddetine varan yıkıcı depremler olmasına rağmen, Aletsel dönemde bölgedeki fayların yüzey faylanması geliştirecek düzeyde henüz kırılmadığı anlaşılmaktadır.
Deprem Kaynaklı Olabilecek İyonosfer Anomalilerinin Araştırılması
Authors: Çelik Osman Batur , Aktuğ Bahadır
Published: November 2024

Bu çalışmada, depremlerle ilişkili iyonosferik anomaliler incelenmiş ve 2017-2023 yılları arasında gerçekleşmiş Mw≥6 büyüklüğündeki depremler ele alınmıştır. Deprem verileri AFAD ve KRDAE kataloglarından, iyonosfer verileri ise TUSAGA-Aktif, NASA ve IGS gibi veri servislerinden temin edilmiştir. Toplam Elektron İçeriği (TEİ) yöntemi ile depremler öncesi ve sonrası 14 günlük periyotlarda iyonosferik değişiklikler analiz edilmiştir. 1964 Alaska depreminden sonra ortaya atılan Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling (LAIC) modeli, depremler öncesinde iyonosferde gözlemlenen değişikliklerin deprem tahmini için kullanılabileceğini öne sürmektedir. Bu model doğrultusunda yapılan çalışmada, depremler öncesi iyonosferde çeşitli yükselişler ve alçalışlar gözlemlenmiştir. Ancak, bu anomalilerin depremlerle doğrudan bir ilişkisinin olup olmadığı kesin olarak belirlenememiştir. Bulgular, iyonosferik anomalilerin deprem tahmininde potansiyel bir gösterge olarak kullanılabileceğini işaret etmekle birlikte, daha fazla veri ve analiz gerekliliğini ortaya koymaktadır. Deprem öncesi iyonosferde gözlemlenen bu değişikliklerin daha iyi anlaşılması ve kesin sonuçlara varılması için ileri araştırmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.
5 Eylül 2012 Afyonkarahisar (Türkiye) Askeri Mühimmat Deposu Patlamasının Sismolojik Analizi
Authors: Özkavaf İrem , Budakoğlu Emrah
Published: November 2024

5 Eylül 2012 tarihinde Afyonkarahisar’daki 500. İstihkâm Ana Depo Komutanlığı Şehit Uzman Çavuş Mete Saraç Kışlası’nda bulunan 32 nolu mühimmat deposunda kuvvetli bir patlama meydana gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada patlamaya ilişkin sismik ve akustik dalga kayıtları zaman ve frekans ortamında incelenmiştir. Sismogramların analizinde patlamanın 18:07:53.87 (UTC)’de gerçekleştiği ve büyüklüğü ML=1.4 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Üç farklı verim tahmini yönteminden ikincil şok dalgası gecikme süresi temelli analiz güvenilir bulunmuş ve infilak eden madde miktarı 21 ton olarak tespit edilmiştir. Frekans ortamı çalışmalarında P dalgalarının 3 Hz ve akustik dalgaların 20 Hz civarında baskın olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, frekans ortamı analizlerinde çok kısa sürede birden fazla patlamanın gerçekleştiğine dair bulgulara rastlanmıştır. Patlamalara ilişkin sismolojik araştırmalar adli süreçlere, kriz yönetimine ve acil durum planlamalarına önemli katkı sunabilirler.
Pilgrimage Pathways: Burial Monuments and Road Networks in Early Roman Jerusalem
Authors:   Department of Land of Israel Studies and Archaeology, Bar-Ilan University, Zissu Boaz , Abadi Omri ,   Department of Land of Israel Studies and Archaeology, Bar-Ilan University
Published: November 2024

Several clusters of monumental tombs from the Early Roman period have been found in the vicinity of Jerusalem. Monumental tombs are characterized by their size, grandeur, and exceptional decorations, which surpass functional requirements. They may be constructed or carved out of rock, sometimes with an impressive monument built above or beside them that stands out in the surrounding area. Dozens of burial complexes with monumental characteristics, most of them dated to the last century of the Second Temple period (ca. 37 BCE to 66 CE), have been discovered in Jerusalem. Although the number of monumental tombs is small compared to that of standard tombs from this period, the phenomenon has received significant attention from scholars. Numerous studies have analyzed these tombs, focusing on chronological, architectural, and artistic aspects. However, their significance and location have been largely overlooked. This article addresses these issues.
Cemeteries in major cities of the Roman Empire were often located along the main roads leading to the city. However, a comprehensive analysis of the association between roads and cemeteries in Early Roman–period Jerusalem is still lacking, despite extensive studies on burials in the area. While it is unlikely that all tombs around Jerusalem were created alongside roads, it is plausible that the location of some monumental tombs was determined by the presence of nearby roads.
The article begins with a brief overview of the status of Jerusalem during the Second Temple period, the phenomenon of pilgrimage to the Temple during the Late Hellenistic (Hasmonean) and Early Roman periods, and the practice of monumental burial in the city during this time. We will then focus on two clusters of monumental tombs on the outskirts of Jerusalem that may have been carved alongside main roads to the city— the Sanhedria tombs and the Kidron Valley tombs—examining the characteristics of the monumental tomb clusters, ancient roads discovered nearby, and the association between the monuments and the roads. Following this, we will propose a potential reconstruction of certain routes that may have been used by pilgrims.
We conclude with a closer examination of the Kidron Valley, including additional archaeological evidence from the City of David and its surroundings. We will trace the path of the road from the Kidron Valley through the entrance to the city and up to the Temple Mount in an effort to understand the rationale behind it.
A newly discovered Roman camp on the western frontier of Dacia at Mișca, Arad County
Authors:   Institutul de Arheologie și Istoria Artei Cluj-Napoca, Lăzărescu Vlad-Andrei , Katalin Vágó ,   Universitatea Babeș-Bolyai Cluj-Napoca
Published: November 2024

High-resolution mapping technologies (especially LiDAR), offer a real chance for archaeology to identify and understand certain structures connected to the Roman conquest of Dacia. The western border of the province is insufficiently explored and comprehended, allowing us to raise a number of specific questions regarding the stages of the conquest or the history of Roman rule in Dacia, even in the context of the boost in research that followed the National Limes Program. This study presents a new site, identified in the Western Plain of Romania, namely in the UAT Mișca, jud. Arad. This discovery, having close morphological connections with some temporary camps documented in the mountainous area near the Dacian fortress of Sarmizegetusa, re-opens the debate concerning the first decades of the Roman province of Dacia and must be understood in the wider context of the Empire’s relations with the neighboring Barbaricum.