bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural Vulnerability Factors Influence Gestational Weight Gain in a Broad Range of Contexts: A Scoping Review
Authors: Labonté Jocelyne M , Clark Emily , Dumas Alex , Savard Claudia , Fournier Karine , O’Connor Sarah , Morisset Anne-Sophie , Fontaine-Bisson Bénédicte
Published: April 2024

Background: Insufficient and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) are rising epidemiological health concerns, affecting the majority of pregnant women in high-income countries and contributing to a multitude of adverse maternal and infant health outcomes.
Objective: The aim of this scoping review was to identify key structural vulnerability factors related to GWG in order to examine the extent, scope and nature of this body of research and to inform future methodological approaches.
Data sources: Electronic searches were performed in October 2018 (updated in August 2019) in MEDLINE(R) ALL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Sociological Abstracts databases.
Study selection: Studies had to be conducted before COVID-19, in a high-income country, have pregnant participants, have an observational design, and perform inferential statistics between a structural vulnerability factor and GWG.
Results: Of the 11,382 citations identified through database searches, 157 articles were included in the review. The structural vulnerability factors most commonly studied in association with GWG were race/ethnicity (n=91 articles), age (n=87), parity (n=48), education (n=44), income (n=39), marital status (n=28), immigration (n=19), and abuse (n=12). Moststudies were conducted in the USA (77%) and reported significant associations between structural vulnerability factors and GWG; 34% of studies were specific to a population where all individuals were affected by one of more structural vulnerability factors. Race/ethnicity was the most extensively studied factor, covering the longest time period (since 1976), being assessed in the highest number of articles (n=91) with the largest sample size (n=7,966,573), and having a high proportion (79%) of studies reporting a significant relationship with GWG.
Conclusions: Adopting an intersectional approach may enhance our understanding of the complex interplay between social context, structural vulnerability factors, and GWG. Recognizing their long-term health consequences during pregnancy, increased social, structural, and policy efforts should support pregnant women in achieving optimal GWG.
Unveiling the Substrate-Dependent Dynamics of Mycotoxin Production in Fusarium verticillioides Using an OSMAC-Metabolomics Approach
Authors: Groppi Emie , Haddad Mohamed , Cristofoli Valérie , Vansteelandt Marieke , Gadea Alice
Published: April 2024

Fusarium verticillioides is a prevalent plant pathogenic fungus known to produce harmful mycotoxins, including fumonisins and emerging toxins. This study aimed to investigate the influence of substrate on the temporal patterns of mycotoxin biosynthesis by F. verticillioides, employing a combined OSMAC (One Strain-Many Compounds) strategy and metabolomics approach. The fungus was cultured under various media conditions, and samples were collected over time. LC-MS/MS analyses and a dereplicative workflow were used to profile the secondary metabolite production, focusing on mycotoxins. The results demonstrated that modifying the culture conditions led to significant variations in fungal growth and the nature and relative concentrations of mycotoxins produced. Corn meal agar (CMA) medium was favorable for fumonisins A1 and B1, while malt extract agar (MEA) favored fumonisins A2 and B2. The study also identified the production of other mycotoxins related compounds as fusarins, bikaverin derivatives and fumonisins analogs, under different growth conditions. This study highlights the potential of combining OSMAC and metabolomics to unravel the substrate-dependent and time-dependent variations in mycotoxin biosynthesis by F. verticillioides. The insights gained provide a better understanding of the ecophysiology of this fungus and the occurrence of its mycotoxins, which can inform targeted mitigation strategies to ensure food and feed safety.
The effect of initial placement of mutant in subdivided population on fixation time and probability
Authors: Mohamadichamgavi Javad , Zahedian Mohamadreza
Published: April 2024

Evolutionary graph theory investigates how population structure changes evolutionary dynamics. In this paper, we examine how the structure of a subdivided population impacts mutant fixation probability and time under the Moran Birth-death process with constant fitness. Specifically, we model the population as two fully connected subpopulations (cliques) linked by a few links. Using an analytical Markov-chain approach supplemented by Monte Carlo simulations, we explore how the size of the starting clique where the initial mutant arises influences its eventual fixation outcomes. We demonstrate that initiating the process in a smaller clique boosts fixation probability and acts as an amplifier of selection compared to a well-mixed population while a bigger starting clique acts as a suppressor of selection. Also, we show that both unconditional and conditional fixation time are affected by the starting clique size and fitness value. For small cliques, increased fitness reduces unconditional fixation time, whereas, for larger cliques, greater fitness prolongs it. Additionally, conditional fixation time grows with increased starting clique size until a critical size and then decreases. This critical size is different depending on fitness value. In general, a combination of fitness level and starting clique size serves to maximize the conditional fixation time.
Quantitative and qualitative analysis of medical students’ symptoms and feelings during a catastrophic event
Authors: Felix Soraia Nogueira , Costa Anna Paula Lima , Andrade Juliana Matsumoto , Ballester Denise , Tempski Patrícia Zen , Kobayasi Renata , Garcia Maria Lúcia Bueno , Costa Fernanda Magalhães Arantes , Freitas Lucas Rodrigues Silva , Correia Aristides Tadeu , Tibério Iolanda de Fátima Lopes Calvo , Romanholo Beatriz Mangueira Saraiva , Martins Milton de Arruda
Published: April 2024

Background: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, traditional face-to-face teaching has been disrupted. Social restrictions and isolation during this period may have contributed to various physical and emotional disorders. We aimed to assess the perceptions of medical students regarding their emotions, anxiety and depression symptoms, and daily experiences during the pandemic.
Methods: We conducted a prospective mixed methods study involving students in their 1st to 4th years of medicine at a university in São Paulo, Brazil,in 2020 and 2021. Participants completed online questionnaires, including the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ), and Medical Student Quality-of-Life Questionnaire (VERAS-Q) and participated in an online focus group.
Results:313 students finished the questionnaires, and 200 were involved in the focus group. Women exhibited higher scores for anxiety (p=0.002) and depression (p=0.007); men demonstrated better quality of life (p=0.042). The students aged 18 to 24 years (p=0.048) presented better quality of life and lower trait anxiety (p=0.001). Both trait and state anxiety were strongly associated with depression (p<0.01) and inversely related to quality of life, showing a moderate association with happiness (p<0.01). Depression was strongly linked to both trait and state anxiety (p<0.01) and moderately negatively correlated with happiness and quality of life (p<0.01). The focus groups revealed recurring negative feelings, such as anxiety, depression, tiredness, loneliness, difficulty managing time and others, resulting in reduced mental and physical health during the pandemic. Coping strategies were discussed, including the adoption of new healthy habits, religious practices, and reconnection with family.
Conclusion: Depression and anxiety symptoms were more prevalent among females, while quality of life improved for younger and male students. The qualitative analysis enhanced our understanding of the determinants and consequences of students' recurring negative feelings and revealed positive aspects such as greater proximity to family and religiosity.
Personality traits and self-rated health might be a sustaining factor for some cases of organic dyspepsia
Authors: Lexne Erik , Brudin Lars , Nylander Per-Olof , Marteinsdottir Ina
Published: April 2024

Background Self-rated health (SRH) is associated with morbidity, mortality and personality traits. Previously is reported differences in personality traits and SRH among patients with acute abdominal pain divided into three diagnostic groups, organic dyspepsia, specific abdominal diagnoses and non-specific abdominal pain. However, the impact of personality traits on SRH still is unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate possible associations of personality traits with SRH among patients with acute abdominal pain belonging to the three main diagnostic groups; organic dyspepsia, non-specific abdominal pain and specific abdominal diagnoses.Methods Consecutive patients (N = 137) with abdominal symptoms at an emergency ward completed the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) alongside rating SRH.Results Patients with poor SRH were in temperament more harm avoidant (p < 0.001), pessimistic (p < 0.001), fearful (p = 0.039) and fatigued (p < 0.001). In character less self-directed (p < 0.001), responsible (p < 0.001), purposeful (p = 0.012), resourceful (p = 0.003), goal-directed in behavior (p = 0.001) and generally less mature in character (p = 0.002). These personality traits, except for fearfulness, showed alongside organic dyspepsia, to be risk factors for low SRH in univariate logistic regression. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that poor SRH was predicted by high fatigability (p = 0.003) and low self-directedness (p = 0.001). Approximately 65% of patients with very poor SRH deviated in personality traits from normal range compared to 5% with very well SRH (p < 0.001).Conclusions Several personality traits were associated with poor SRH in patients with acute abdominal pain, especially in organic dyspepsia. These results implies that psychiatric consultation might be beneficial for patients with acute abdominal pain.
Sugarcane streak mosaic virus: distribution, prevalence and severity in the integrated
farming units of Zuénoula and Borotou-Koro, Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: OUATTARA Migninlbin Marcel , KOUAME Konan Didier , DESBIEZ Cécile , GIRARDOT Grégory , BLE Binaté , YAO Kouakou , SORHO Fatogoma , CHERIF Mamadou , KONE Nahoua , KONE Daouda , SCHOENY Alexandra
Published: April 2024

Sugarcane streak mosaic is an emerging viral disease caused by sugarcane streak mosaic virus (SCSMV) recently reported in Ivorian sugar production areas. A 5-year study was performed to determine the spatial distribution, incidence and severity of SCSMV on commercial varieties in two of the three sugarcane production basins of Côte d'Ivoire. In Zuénoula, 104 plots were evaluated between 2018 and 2021. In Borotou-Koro, 72 plots were evaluated between 2019 and 2022. Disease prevalence and severity were assessed using a 0 to 4 rating scale based on the percentage of symptomatic leaf area. In Zuénoula, overall disease prevalence was 98% in 2018, 100% in 2020 and 98% in 2021. Varieties M1400/86, M2593/92, R570 and SP711406 were monitored during the three years. M1400/86 and M2593/92 showed a moderately susceptible profile, whereas R570 was susceptible to moderately susceptible and SP711406 was susceptible. In Borotou-Koro, overall disease prevalence was 21% in 2019, 48% in 2020 and 61% in 2022. Varieties Co449, M1400/86, R570 and SP711406 were monitored during the three years. Co449 remained moderately susceptible throughout the monitoring, while M1400/86, R570 and SP711406 moved from partially resistant to moderately susceptible. This study showed that SCSMV is highly prevalent in the Zuénoula sugar complex and is rapidly evolving in the Borotou-Koro complex. In this epidemic context, varieties showed either a stable or increasing susceptibility profile. In vitro regeneration permitted significant reduction in prevalence and severity but efforts must be maintained to achieve higher levels of resistance.
Long COVID incidence in adults and children between 2020 and 2023: a real-world data study from the RECOVER Initiative
Authors: Mandel Hannah , Yoo Yun , Allen Andrea , Abedian Sajjad , Verzani Zoe , Karlson Elizabeth , Kleinman Lawrence , Mudumbi Praveen , Oliveira Carlos , Muszynski Jennifer , Gross Rachel , Carton Thomas , Kim C. , Taylor Emily , Park Heekyong , Divers Jasmin , Kelly J. , Arnold Jonathan , Geary Carol , Zang Chengxi , Tantisira Kelan , Rhee Kyung , Koropsak Michael , Mohandas Sindhu , Vasey Andrew , Weiner Mark , Mosa Abu , Haendel Melissa , Chute Christopher , Murphy Shawn , O'Brien Lisa , Szmuszkovicz Jacqueline , Güthe Nicholas , Santana Jorge , De Aliva , Bogie Amanda , Halabi Katia , Mohanraj Lathika , Kinser Patricia , Packard Samuel , Tuttle Katherine , Thorpe Lorna , Moffitt Richard
Published: April 2024

Estimates of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) incidence, also known as Long COVID, have varied across studies and changed over time. We estimated PASC incidence among adult and pediatric populations in three nationwide research networks of electronic health records (EHR) participating in the RECOVER Initiative using different classification algorithms (computable phenotypes). Overall, 7% of children and 8.5%-26.4% of adults developed PASC, depending on computable phenotype used. Excess incidence among SARS-CoV-2 patients was 4% in children and ranged from 4-7% among adults, representing a lower-bound incidence estimation based on two control groups - contemporary COVID-19 negative and historical patients (2019). Temporal patterns were consistent across networks, with peaks associated with introduction of new viral variants. Our findings indicate that preventing and mitigating Long COVID remains a public health priority. Examining temporal patterns and risk factors of PASC incidence informs our understanding of etiology and can improve prevention and management.
Do Regional Economic Disparities Promote Regional Value Chains? A Case Study of East Africa Community Member States
Authors: Kainga Erastus
Published: April 2024

Regional economic disparities in developing countries impact growth of regional value chains to compete in the global markets. Regional economic disparities are the difference in economic capabilities between states in a region. The objective of this paper is to explore the impact of regional economic disparities (RED) on growth of food and beverage regional value chains (RVCs) in the East Africa Community (EAC) manufacturing sector. The paper employs the New Economic Geography (NEG) model in investigating the dynamics of promotion of regional value chains in EAC’s manufacturing sector. By making use of secondary data from five member states, the author surveys labor in the manufacturing sector, total income of laborers and executives, taxes, intra-regional and extra-regional trade in foods and beverages, and gross value added as the regional value chain determinant. To answer the research questions, regression analysis was used to shed light on (i) the effect of regional economic disparities on promotion of regional value chains in EAC and (ii) the effect of prices on regional value chains. The findings show disparities having a positive and significant effect on promotion of RVCs, price, intra and extra-regional trade, and executive salaries while laborers’ salaries and taxation have a negative and significant effect on the promotion of RVCs. The significance of this research lies in the potential to enable EAC member states to realize and leverage their protection, industrialization, export performance and economic development strategies. Future research work may look into Climate Changes, Export Controls and Politics as promoters of regional value chains as well as infrastructure, and technology. The results show need for laborers to acquire more skills necessary to remain relevant in the ever transforming manufacturing sector. Further, that technology absorption is crucial among producers and regional tax agreements are necessary in industry location decisions. Finally, that wages determine production and the nations paying their workers more tend to enjoy more intraregional trade. According to these findings, EAC member states need to increase intra-regional trade, apply some protectionist policies as well encourage increased budgets for education and building of institutions while also attracting foreign direct investments with tax reliefs.
Keywords: Trade diversion, regional value chains, regional economic disparities, global value chains, intra-regional trade, competitive advantage and price volatility,
Terazosin, a repurposed GPR119 agonist, ameliorates mitophagy and β-cell function in NAFPD by inhibiting MST1-Foxo3a signaling pathway
Authors: Yang Yi , Zhang Chenglei , Li Jiarui , Wang Lijuan , Ma Jie , Li Xin , Wu Yuanyuan , Ren Yanru , Yang Yanhui , Song Hui , Li Jianning
Published: April 2024

G protein-coupled receptor 119 (GPR119) agonists are being developed to safeguard the function of pancreatic β-cells, especially in the context of non-alcoholic fatty pancreas disease (NAFPD), closely associated with β-cell dysfunction arising from excessive fat accumulation in the pancreas. Drug repurposing technology, abandoning the drawbacks of traditional lengthy, costly, and low-market-probability development methods, has emerged as a new direction in drug development. Here, we employed a drug repurposing technology to screen GPR119 agonists and explore their potential molecular mechanisms for enhancing β-cell function in the context of NAFPD. Employing Schrodinger Suites drug design software, we found that 3622 drugs, including the α-1 adrenergic receptor blocker Terazosin, can bind to GPR119. Terazosin was was further validated to selectively activate GPR119, leading to increased cAMP and ATP synthesis, consequently enhancing insulin secretion. Terazosin administration improved high blood glucose, obesity, and impaired pancreatic β-cell function in NAFPD mice. It inhibited the upregulation of MST1-Foxo3a expression in pancreatic tissue and enhancing damaged mitophagy clearance, restoring autophagic flux, improving mitochondrial quantity and structure in β-cells. Notably, GPR119 deficiency negated the positive impact of Terazosin on pancreatic β-cell function in NAFPD mice, and abolished its inhibitory effect on the MST1-Foxo3a pathway. In conclusions, drug repurposing technology is applicable to the development of GPR119 agonists. Terazosin enhances mitophagy and alleviating β-cell dysfunction in the context of NAFPD by suppressing the MST1-Foxo3a signaling pathway. Terazosin could be considered a priority treatment for patients with concomitant NAFPD and hypertension.
An analysis of minimum potential visibility and forecasting of fog for Indira Gandhi International Airport, New Delhi (India)
Authors: Kotal S. D. , Mohapatra M.
Published: April 2024

The range of visibility largely depends upon the meteorological parameters. A visibility parameter, termed as visibility potential parameter (VPP) is proposed to estimate minimum potential visibility (MPV) during foggy morning. The parameter is defined as the product of two variables, namely temperature, and the inverse of relative humidity. The whole VPP range (0.5-8.5) is divided into sixteen groups from lowest group (0.5-1.0) to highest group (8.1-8.5). The analysis of VPP for the Indira Gandhi International (IGI) Airport, New Delhi (India) shows that all the very dense (visibility: <50 m) fog cases and 98.8% of dense fog (visibility: 50-199 m) cases occurred in the lowest two groups of VPP (0.5-1.0) and (1.1-1.5). The entire moderate (visibility: 200-499 m) fog cases and 93.5% of shallow (visibility: 500-999 m) fog cases occurred in the lowest three VPP groups. The probabilities of occurrence of fog for the lowest three VPP groups are 61%, 43.5%, and 25.9% respectively. The empirical relationship between VPP and MPV is found to be linear. Rapid update of initial error in statistical post-processing (RUPP) forecast is also proposed for improvement of visibility forecasts. The improvement of error ranged from 20% to 87.7% for forecast update period from 1200 UTC to 0000 UTC. Results of this study show that the MPV could provide useful guidance to forecasters about the possible lowest visibility, and use of recent trend than mean trend of past visibility with respect to VPP and successive removal of error structure in the forecast trajectory can improve the forecasts.
Antegrade nailing using elastic stable intramedullary nail for fifth metacarpal neck fractures in adolescents: ultrasound versus fluoroscopy
Authors: Liu Shuai , Wu Yiheng , Wang Shuo , rai Saroj , Hong Pan , Xin Tianyou
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Fractures of the fifth metacarpal neck (FMNF) represent a common hand injury, often amenable to conservative management. However, in adolescents with significant displacement or rotational deformity, surgical intervention may be warranted to achieve optimal functional recovery. This study aims to juxtapose the clinical outcomes of percutaneous pinning using Elastic Stable Intramedullary Nailing (ESIN) under fluoroscopic versus ultrasound guidance.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis encompassing 42 patients aged 10 to 16 diagnosed with FMNF. Patients were stratified into cohorts based on the modality employed for procedural guidance, distinguishing between those guided by ultrasound and fluoroscopy. Comprehensive demographic and clinical parameters were meticulously documented for both cohorts. Furthermore, the pre- and post-operative alterations in Horizontal Metacarpal Phalangeal Angle (HSA) and Metacarpal Phalangeal Joint Range of Motion (MPJ ROM) were meticulously scrutinized to ascertain surgical efficacy.
Results: Notably, parameters such as Pre-operative HSA, Post-operative HSA, and MPJ ROM exhibited no statistically discernible disparities between the ultrasound-guided cohort and their fluoroscopy-guided counterparts (P > 0.05).
Conclusions: Evidently, closed reduction coupled with percutaneous pinning under ultrasound guidance emerges as a viable therapeutic modality for adolescent FMNF cases. Importantly, it yields clinical outcomes commensurate with those achieved through percutaneous pinning conducted under fluoroscopy.
The Contribution of Community Transmission to the Burden of Hospital-associated Pathogens: A Systematic Scoping Review of Epidemiological Models
Authors: Lin Gary , Poleon Suprena , Hamilton Alisa , Salvekar Nalini , Jara Manuel , Lanzas Cristina , Hazel Ashley , Blumberg Seth , Lenhart Suzanne , Lloyd Alun L. , Vullikanti Anil , Klein Eili , Haghpanah Fardad
Published: April 2024

Healthcare-associated infections (HAI), particularly those involving multi-drug resistant organisms (MDRO), pose a significant public health threat. Understanding the transmission of these pathogens in short-term acute care hospitals (STACH) is crucial for effective control. Mathematical and computational models play a key role in studying transmission but often overlook the influence of long-term care facilities (LTCFs) and the broader community on transmission. In a systematic scoping review of 8,811 studies from 2016 to 2022, we explored the modeling landscape of the hospital-community interface in HAI-causing pathogen transmission. Among the 29 eligible studies, 27% (n=8) exclusively modeled LTCFs, 45% (n=13) focused on non-healthcare-related community settings, and 31% (n=9) considered both settings. Studies emphasizing screening and contact precautions were more likely to include LTCFs but tended to neglect the wider community. This review emphasizes the crucial need for comprehensive modeling that incorporates the community's impact on both clinical and public health outcomes.
RETRACTED: Towards a Comprehensive Approach: Developing a Multidimensional Invasion Indices Framework for Potential Invasive Species Risk Assessment
Authors: Xu Chang , Morrison Megan , Silvernail Ben , Boss Ashleigh , Cui Yue
Published: April 2024

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Finding Group Gene Biomarkers by improved LRP algoirthm and Intersection Selection Idea
Authors: Zheng Fang , Qing Jianbo , Yuan Zihang , Li Yafeng , Li Yaheng , Geng Yan , Zhao Juanjuan , Qiang Yan
Published: April 2024

Gene Biomarkers is valuable to the medical mechanism and drug targets. But it is very hard to find the accurate biomarkers. The traditional bioinfomatical methods and machine learning both focus on binary classified methods. However, it is also important to find precised biomarkers for one disease consisting of many subtypes. Deep learning can deal well with multi-classification. But, finding gene biomarker is short of good related methods. LRP is one of interpretable methods in deep learning. It is more valid for MLP-likelihood networks. Since LRP method just finds the features for one sample not for a group composed of many samples with the common features. In this paper,we propose an improved LRP to represent features for a group, not for a single sample. In addition, to make up the inaccuracy of the method, we propose to use the feature intersection of genes from two MLP-likehood models as the biomarkers. To find the two MLP-likelihood models, we construct a two-way MLP-likelihood network ConvAttMLPA, inspired by NFM network. Then, select any two models from MLP, NFM and ConvAttnMLPA, to compute feature genes based on improved LRP. To validate this method, we propose an evaluation method and based on it, find the best genes as biomarkers.
Ginsenoside Rb prevent the metastasis of hepatocarcinoma by blocking the platelet-tumor cells interaction
Authors: miao Longxing , Yang Yijun , Cheng Mengtao , Chen Lijing , Han Chunchao
Published: April 2024

Background
The interaction between platelets and tumor cells is a crucial step in the progression of tumor metastasis. Blocking platelet-tumor cells interaction is a potential target against metastasis. Ginsenoside Rb (G-Rb) exhibits potential anti-tumor pharmacological properties and may offer a therapeutic option for cancer.
Purpose
This study aimed to investigated anti-metastatic effects of G-Rb through regulating the crosstalk of platelets with tumor cells.
Methods
In order to explore anti-metastatic effects of G-Rb in vitro, HepG2 cell and platelets were co-cultured to mimic the interaction of platelets with tumor cells. Wound healing and Transwell assays were used to assess the effect of G-Rb on cell migration and invasion. The expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) related markers was determined by RT-qPCR and western blot assays. The aggregation and activation of platelets were detected by flow cytometry. Moreover, a lung metastasis model of mice was established to evaluate inhibitory effects of G-Rb in vivo. Metastatic nodules on the lung surface were counted and Sections of lung tissues were stained by H&E.
Results
G-Rb effectively suppressed tumor metastasis in the co-culture of platelets with HepG2 cell. First, G-Rb treatment significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of HepG2 cells induced by platelets. Second, the expressions of EMT-related markers, including N-cadherin, Snail and MMP9, were decreased by the treatment of G-Rb in the presence of platelets. Meanwhile, G-Rb also suppressed platelets hyperactivity by regulating the adhesion to tumor cells, activation, TCIPA and TGF-β1 secretion of platelets in vitro. In addition, the results of in vivo experiments proved G-Rb administration not only significantly decreased lung metastasis but also attenuated platelets aberrant aggregation and activation in vivo.
Conclusion
Our findings showed that G-Rb inhibited tumor metastasis and platelet activation through mediating platelets-tumor cells interaction, indicating the potential values of G-Rb in tumor metastasis therapy.
The Forecasting of Surface Displacement for Tunnel Slopes Utilizing the WD-IPSO-GRU Model
Authors: MA Guoqing , Zang Xiaopeng , Chen Shitong , Zhi Momo , Huang Xiaoming
Published: April 2024

Continuous displacement prediction of tunnel slope deformation can serve as a basis for evaluating slope stability. For this purpose, a fusion optimized prediction model based on wavelet decomposition (WD), particle swarm optimization with genetic algorithm enhancement (IPSO), and gated recurrent unit (GRU) termed WD-IPSO-GRU is proposed. Initially, WD preprocesses noise and features in field displacement monitoring data; subsequently, IPSO dynamically sets learning factors and weights, optimizing the number of neurons and iteration times in GRU hidden layers L1 and L2, and introduces Dropout technique to prevent overfitting, enhancing GRU model performance in long-term sequence prediction tasks. Finally, leveraging the optimal solution enables prediction of GNSS displacement of tunnel slope surfaces. Results indicate that compared to GRU, recurrent neural network (RNN), and long short-term memory (LSTM) models, the WD-IPSO-GRU model demonstrates higher prediction accuracy. The root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and coefficient of determination (R²) for site 02 are 0.16, 0.18%, and 0.95 respectively, providing a new approach for tunnel slope displacement prediction.
Transcriptomic analysis reveals prognostic molecular subtype and candidate risk model for pseudouridylation- related genes in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Lan Chenlu , Wei Yongguang , Huang Huasheng , Qin Haifei , Huang Ketuan , Zhou Xin , Yang Chengkun , Liao Xiwen , Zhu Guangzhi , Peng Tao
Published: April 2024

Growing studies have shown pseudouridylation can regulate translation and gene expression, but the molecular characteristics of pseudouridylation remain unknown in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Based on public databases, we identified pseudouridylation-related molecular cluster and risk score model to evaluate the prognosis, clinical characteristic, molecular mechanisms, immune landscape of HCC. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was adopted to verify the expression of RDM1, CDCA3 and FLVCR1. We found that pseudouridylation-related genes (PRGs) mainly participate in regulation of transcription and translation. The prognostic PRGs can divide HCC sample into two subtypes, the cluster1 characterized with high AFP, poor differentiation, advanced tumor stage, large tumor size, frequent TP53 mutation, up-regulation of cell cycle and mitosis, and poor prognosis, which was similar to the proliferation type of HCC. On the contrary, the cluster2 presented good prognosis and increased infiltration of immune cells, which was partly similar to the non-proliferation HCC and may benefit from immunotherapy. Furthermore, the risk score model, constructed by RDM1, CDCA3 and FLVCR1, was demonstrated to be significantly related to prognosis, and be an independent prognostic factor. The overall survival (OS) and recurrence free survival (RFS) of high-risk group were worse than the low-risk. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve revealed the model had a better predictive performance for 1- and 3- year survival with the maximum AUC reached 0.806. Functional enrichment analysis suggested that gene sets of cell cycle-, mitotic division-related biological processes and cell signaling pathways were upregulated in high-risk group, such as PLK1 pathway, FOXM1 pathway, P53 regulation pathway and so on. PCR experiment discovered the expression of RDM1, CDCA3 and FLVCR1 were obviously overexpressed in HCC tissues, which was consistent with public data. In conclusion, the prognostic PRGs related-molecular subtype and risk model may effectively forecast the prognosis and immune landscape of HCC.
Modulation Signal Recognition Based on Endpoint Detection and Cepstral Parameters
Authors: Xiuquan Li , Zhen Wang , Yeyin Jin , Jing Chen , Zhenfei Li
Published: April 2024

Digital signal modulation recognition technology serves as the foundation and basis for signal demodulation, playing a crucial role in communication signal reconnaissance and holding significant research significance. This paper conducts research on digital signal modulation recognition technology from the perspectives of signal preprocessing and feature extraction. Seven modulation signals, namely 2ASK, 4ASK, 2FSK, 4FSK, 2PSK, 4PSK, and OFDM, are selected as recognition targets. The paper compares the effects of four different endpoint detection algorithms on modulation signal recognition. The results indicate that, for these seven modulation signals, the short-time energy entropy ratio algorithm performs the best, achieving a correct endpoint detection rate of over 93% in a Gaussian channel with a signal-to-noise(SNR) ratio of 0dB. Based on this, three different denoising algorithms are introduced to further enhance the performance of the short-time energy entropy ratio algorithm. The results show that the wavelet denoising algorithm achieves the greatest improvement in the performance of the short-time energy entropy ratio algorithm, with a short processing time. In a Gaussian channel with a SNR ratio greater than − 10dB, the endpoint detection accuracy of this algorithm can be maintained at over 95%. Finally, for the accurate identification and differentiation of 2FSK and 4FSK, this paper optimized the relevant algorithm in the cyclic spectrum. The kurtosis coefficient value Kur of the cyclic spectrum parameter matrix at the cyclic frequency \(\alpha =0\) is utilized to distinguish between these two signals. The results show that, at a SNR ratio of 4dB, the modulation recognition algorithm proposed in this paper can effectively distinguish between these two signals, achieving a recognition accuracy of over 99%.
Impact of temperature and water source on drinking water bulk and biofilm microbiome during distribution in a pilot-scale study
Authors: Boon Nico , Waegenaar Fien , Pluym Thomas , García-Timermans Cristina , Coene Laura , Schelfhout Jozefien , De Gusseme Bart
Published: April 2024

This study utilized a pilot-scale distribution network to examine the impact of temperature increases (16°C, 20°C, 24°C) and source variations (treated ground- and surface water) on bulk and biofilm communities over 137 days. Microbial characterization employed flow cytometry and 16S sequencing to elucidate bulk-biofilm interactions. Bacterial bulk cell densities increased with higher temperatures, while water source variations significantly influenced bulk cell densities as well as the community composition. Additionally, growth curves were fitted on the flow cytometry results, and growth rates and carrying capacities were higher with treated groundwater at elevated temperatures. Conversely, biofilm cell densities remained unaffected by temperature. A mature biofilm was observed from day 70 onwards and a core biofilm microbiome, resilient to temperature and water source changes, was identified. These findings emphasize the importance of water source quality for maintaining biological stability in drinking water systems, particularly in the face of changing environmental conditions.
Effects of novel anthropometric parameters on uric acid levels and hyperuricemia in adults and their predictive value: a cross-sectional study in Su-Wuxi-Chang area, Jiangsu, China
Authors: Li Hongwei , Shen Zhenhai , Wei Jiang , Jia Bing , Li Shaolei , Zhang Ping , Wang Liuyu , Yuan Peng , Yun Lu
Published: April 2024

Novel anthropometric indices are more closely related to metabolic abnormalities than traditional anthropometric indices. Fewer studies have been conducted based on the relationship between novel anthropometric indicators and hyperuricemia. This study was to analyze the uric acid levels of adults and the relationship between hyperuricemia and these new indicators in Su-Wuxi-Chang area of China, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the management of uric acid levels in patients with hyperuricemia. A total of 14834 adults were enrolled. The information of height, weight, waist circumference, lifestyle, fasting plasma glucose, lipids, and SUA were collected. The traditional obesity indices and novel anthropometric indices were calculated by formulas. Lipid accumulation product (LAP), triglyceride glucose (TyG) and body roundness index (BRI) are independent risk factors for hyperuricemia in both men and women (P<0.01). In males, the predictive ability of LAP, TyG and BMI to the incidence of hyperuricemia were 0.694, 0.661 and 0.642 in AUC area, respectively (P<0.01) and which were 0.767，0.746 and 0.728 respectively in females (P<0.01). In both men and women, the LAP and TyG indices were more predictive of hyperuricemia than the other indices (P< 0.01). Among the novel anthropometric parameters, LAP, TyG and BRI were independent influencing factors for hyperuricemia. The capacity of LAP and TyG indexes were better than other traditional anthropometric indexes in predicting hyperuricemia in this population. The predicted hyperuricemia ablity of LAP in both male and female better than other traditional and new anthropometric indicators.
The origin and fate of organic carbon in graphite-manganese bearing rocks and implications for the Lomagundi-Jatuli Event
Authors: Santos Felipe Holanda , Amaral Wagner Silva , Filho Evilarde Carvalho Uchôa , Caxito Fabrício Andrade , Souza Ana Clara Braga , Martins Doulgas Teixeira , Feitosa Brenda Andrade
Published: April 2024

Our study helps to unravel the complexity of the Lomagundi-Jatuli event, the largest and longest positive carbon isotope excursion ever recorded on the Earth's surface, by providing a unique view of Paleoproterozoic graphitic rocks from the Borborema province of Northeastern Brazil. Through detailed mineralogical, textural, chemical and isotopic analyses, we bring a new perspective that challenges existing views of the global impact of the Lomagundi-Jatuli event. Graphite crystals with distinctive textural features occur in association with silicate and oxidised manganese ores, manganese quartzites, garnetites, and gneisses. The graphites were crystallised at temperatures up to 634ºC, consistent with amphibolite facies metamorphism, according to Raman thermometry. An average carbon content of 2.1 wt%, with δ13C values ranging from -15.0 to -21.5‰, is indicated by whole-rock geochemistry and carbon isotopic composition. Based on these results, our study proposes that these graphitic rocks may represent remnants of organic matter, possibly derived from bacterial biomass associated with manganese-rich sediments, preserved under reducing environmental conditions. Biological mediation on the origin of silicates is suggested by the close relationship between reduced manganese silicates and graphite. These constraints indicate that Paleoproterozoic graphite-rich rocks represent an important but overlooked reservoir of organic carbon that was partially degassed during the metamorphism of organic-rich sequences. Overall, this research highlights the complex interplay between organic carbon, manganese-rich rocks and Earth's evolutionary processes during the Lomagundi-Jatuli event.
The effects of acoustic-light-thermal environment quality parameters on pedestrians’ overall comforts in residential districts
Authors: Zeng Fanxi , Liang Shuang , Zhang Jian , Chen Yanyi , Feng Shuangyan , Mo Quanzhang , Zhou Tianru , Lai Yumao , Liu Ting , Wang Siqi
Published: April 2024

This study explored subjective responses towards various environmental quality parameters. In order to investigate the combined effects of sound, light, and heat on the overall comfort (evaluated by overall comfort vote, OCV) of pedestrians, two residential areas in Yubei District, Chongqing (a Cfa city in China) were selected for field measurements combining questionnaires. Three main conclusions were drawn. Firstly, the average outdoor neutral temperature (NT), LAeq, and LUX were 26.6 °C (indicated by physiologically equivalent temperature, PET), 56.5 dBA, 21.4103 lx, respectively. Secondly, since the effects of both physiology and psychology, thermal perceptions varied for acoustic and light environments. This could be explained by the different NTs in various sound pressure or light levels. Thirdly, environmental quality factors had significant effects on overall comfort. Significant positive correlation between heat stress (PET) and OCV was found (sig＜0.000); while the effects of sound pressure and light intensity were not always significant. Hence, thermal stress played a significant role in people’s overall comfort. Findings of this study were directive for future environment design for creating more physiologically comfortable spaces.
Prospective associations between structural brain development and onset of depressive disorder during adolescence and emerging adulthood
Authors: Whittle Sarah , Rakesh Divyangana , Simmons Julian , Schwartz Orli , Vijayakumar Nandita , Allen Nicholas
Published: April 2024

Brain structural alterations are consistently reported in depressive disorders, yet it remains unclear whether these alterations reflect a pre-existing vulnerability or are the result of psychopathology. We aimed to investigate prospective adolescent neurodevelopmental risk markers for depressive disorder onset, using data from a fifteen-year longitudinal study. A risk-enriched community sample of 161 adolescents who had no history of depressive disorders participated in neuroimaging assessments conducted during early (age 12), mid (age 16) and late adolescence (age 19). Onsets of depressive disorders were assessed for the period spanning early adolescence through emerging adulthood (post-baseline, ages 12 to 27). Forty-six participants (28 female) experienced a first episode of a depressive disorder during the follow-up period; eighty-three participants (36 female) received no mental disorder diagnosis. Joint modelling was used to investigate whether brain structure (subcortical volume, cortical thickness and surface area) or age-related changes in brain structure were associated with the risk of depressive disorder onset. Analyses revealed that age-related increases in a) amygdala volume (hazard ratio [HR] 3.01, pFDR 0.036), and b) thickness of temporal (parahippocampal [HR 3.73, p 0.004] and fusiform gyri [HR 4.14, p 0.003]), insula (HR 4.49, p 0.024) and occipital (lingual gyrus, HR 4.19, p 0.013) regions were associated with the onset of depressive disorder. Findings suggest that relative increases in amygdala volume and temporal, insula, and occipital cortical thickness across adolescence may reflect disturbances of normative brain development, predisposing some individuals to depression. This raises the possibility that prior findings of grey matter decreases in clinically depressed individuals may instead reflect alterations that are caused by disorder-related factors.
Joint multi-site domain adaptation and multi-modality feature selection for the diagnosis of psychiatric disorders
Authors: Ji Yixin , Silva Rogers F. , Adali Tülay , Wen Xuyun , Zhu Qi , Jiang Rongtao , Zhang Daoqiang , Qi Shile , Calhoun Vince D.
Published: April 2024

Identifying biomarkers for computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) is crucial for early intervention of psychiatric disorders. Multi-site data have been utilized to increase the sample size and improve statistical power, while multi-modality classification offers significant advantages over traditional single-modality based approaches for diagnosing psychiatric disorders. However, inter-site heterogeneity and intra-modality heterogeneity present challenges to multi-site and multi-modality based classification. In this paper, brain functional and structural networks (BFNs/BSNs) from multiple sites were constructed to establish a joint multi-site multi-modality framework for psychiatric diagnosis. To do this we developed a hypergraph based multi-source domain adaptation (HMSDA) which allows us to transform source domain subjects into a target domain. A local ordinal structure based multi-task feature selection (LOSMFS) approach was developed by integrating the transformed functional and structural connections (FCs/SCs). The effectiveness of our method was validated by evaluating diagnosis of both schizophrenia (SZ) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The proposed method obtained accuracies of 92.2%±2.22% and 84.8%±2.68% for the diagnosis of SZ and ASD, respectively. We also compared with 6 domain adaptation (DA), 10 multi-modality feature selection, and 8 multi-site and multi-modality methods. Results showed the proposed HMSDA + LOSMFS effectively integrates multi-site and multi-modality data to enhance psychiatric diagnosis and identify disorder-specific diagnostic brain connections.
Prospective and External Validation of Prognostic Machine Learning Models for Short- and Long-Term Mortality Among Acutely Admitted Patients Based on Blood Tests.
Authors: Jawad Baker Nawfal , Altintas Izzet , Eugen-Olsen Jesper , Niazi Siar , Mansouri Abdullah , Rasmussen Line Jee Hartmann , Schultz Martin , Iversen Kasper , Holm Nikolaj Normann , Kallemose Thomas , Andersen Ove , Nehlin Jan
Published: April 2024

The application of machine learning (ML) models in emergency departments (EDs) to predict short- and long-term mortality encounters challenges, particularly in balancing simplicity with performance. This study addresses this gap by developing models that uses a minimal set of biomarkers, derived from a single blood sample at admission, to predict both short-term and long-term mortality. Our approach utilizes biomarkers representing vital organs and the immune system, offering a comprehensive view of both acute and chronic disease states. Moreover, by integrating explainable machine learning methods, we ensured that clinicians can easily interpret the model's outputs. Our Analysis included 65,484 admissions from three cohorts at two large Danish university hospitals, demonstrating the models' efficacy with high accuracy, with AUC values between 0·87 and 0·93. These results underscore that a single assessment of routine clinical biochemistry upon admission can serve as a powerful tool for both short-term and long-term mortality prediction in ED admissions.
Enhanced precision in automatic identification of Coronal Hole regions in solar images using the proposed Supervised Intensity Thresholding with Distance Transform Clustering and Connected Component Labeling (SITDTCCCL) method on data collected by the Solar Dynamic Observatory between January 2019 and July 2023
Authors: Nandi Dibyadeep , Anupam Angesh , Roy Soumya , Prasad Amrita , Patra Sankar Narayan
Published: April 2024

Coronal Hole (CH) being a crucial feature of solar corona bears immense importance in the field of Astronomy and Solar Physics because it contributes to Geomagnetic storms through the emission of Charged particles into interplanetary space, impacting both space weather and weather of the Earth and also impacts in the lives of Earth and Space. So detection of Coronal Hole regions is a significant task. Many attempts have already been made in this regard. In this work we are proposing a new method, for the automatic detection of CH regions using a deep learning technique, we used Supervised Intensity Thresholding with Distance Transform Clustering and Connected Component Labeling (SITDTCCCL) to find out Regions of Interest (ROI) from solar images of spectrum 193Å193Å of Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA), available at onboard Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) and a state-of-the-art deep learning method (three YOLO v 8 models, such as YOLO v8n(nano), YOLO v8m(medium), YOLO v8x(extra large)) which has shown excellent performance in detection of CH regions with the scores of evaluation matrices such as F1 score 95% Precision 97.1%, mAP50 98.1% and True Positive Rate (TPR) 100%.