bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Digital Filtering on the Classification Performance of Steady-State Visual Evoked Potential Based Brain-Computer Interfaces
Authors: ÇETİN Volkan , ÖZEKES Serhat , VAROL Huseyin Selcuk
Published: February 2020

The electrical activity that occurs during the communication of neurons is recorded by a method called electroencephalography. Brain computer interfaces utilize various electrophysiological sources obtained from different regions of the brain. The electrophysiological source used in this study is the electrical activity seen in the occipital lobes as a result of visual stimuli that flicker at certain frequencies, and is called steady-state visual evoked potential. The main goal in this work is not to try to improve the classification performance but to investigate the effects of different digital filtering algorithms on classification performance. The effects of the high pass and low pass filtering on the classification performance in steady-state visual evoked potential based brain computer interfaces are investigated. As a result of this study, no significant change in the classification performances of designs with only high pass filtering, and high and low pass filtering, has been observed. In addition, it has been observed that only the designs include a high-pass filter implementation give better classification performance in many cases. Consequently, it is concluded that low-pass filtering in steady-state visual evoked potential based brain-computer interfaces does not provide the desired contribution to classification performance.
Developing Online Sense of Community: Graduate Students’ Experiences and Perceptions
Authors: TRESPALACIOS Jesus , URIBE-FLOREZ Lida J.
Published: February 2020

Building a sense of community (SoC) is an important process in the success of distance education and students’ retention. However, developing a community in online learning environments is not an easy task. The purpose of this research study is to explore perceptions of graduate students on SoC and learning after using different collaborative activities with diverse forms of interaction (text, audio, and video) in an online educational research course. Quantitative data from two surveys and qualitative data from individual interviews were collected. Findings indicate that multimodal and scaffolding interactive activities help to support connectedness and learning, and therefore foster online graduate students’ sense of community. The results of this study add to the literature with regard to instructional strategies used to support the development of online sense of community.
Engagement in Distance Education Settings: A Trend Analysis
Authors: BAGRIACIK YILMAZ Ayse , BANYARD Phil
Published: February 2020

This study examined studies focusing on student engagement in distance education using a trend analysis technique. 154 studies published in web of science database were included in the study. Analysis showed that there is an increasing effort to understand student engagement. Researchers are mostly focusing on instructional design and educational technology. More effort is needed in the area of distance education systems and theories. The findings offer support for Chickering and Gamson’s Seven Principles of Good Practice as important in promoting student engagement in distance education. However, six new components were added to these principles: media properties, student characteristics, teaching method, course/content design, innovative techniques, and instructor competencies.
Issues and Challenges with Web-Based Distance Education Programs in Turkish Higher Education Institutes
Authors: BİLGİÇ Hatice Gökçe , TUZUN Hakan
Published: February 2020

This study aimed to examine the core issues and challenges with web-based distance education programs in Turkish higher education institutes. Formative research method, which is a qualitative research method in nature, was selected to analyze web-based distance education programs thoroughly. The study group comprised 4 higher education institutes, offering web-based distance education services, located in different provinces of different geographical regions in Turkey, and with varying experiences. The research used interview transcripts from semi-structured interviews, documents (weekly reports, meeting reports, presentations, organization chart, and implementation procedures) shared by the distance education centers, and information gathered from their web sites. Primary research data were compiled from interviews with representatives of the distance education centers managing and upholding distance education services while the documents acquired from these centers were used to verify the interview findings. The study resulted in 9 core issues related to (1) program launching process, (2) legislation, (3) program structure, (4) instructional design, (5) assessment and evaluation, (6) communication and interaction, (7) support, (8) technical issues, and (9) program evaluation.
La poesía de Vicente Gallego: ser nadie
Authors: López Castro Armando
Published: February 2020

El territorio de la escritura poética, donde la luz y las sombras no dejan de confundirse, es el lugar de lo incondicionado, del vacío donde el poema se forma, que es ajeno a toda idea prevista, pues cualquier forma de intencionalidad liquida de raíz lo poético. En la poesía de Vicente Gallego, la voz poética tiende a ser anónima, impersonal, a convertirse en nadie, que es la forma de ser alguien.
Job Satisfaction among Female Fculties of Different Public and Private Universities in Bangladesh: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Nasima Ms. , Alam Naznin
Published: February 2020

Nowadays, one of the most widely discussed issues is job satisfaction, as teaching requires a great deal of thoroughness and commitment. Therefore, in teaching it is important to have mental peace and loyalty than physical presence. In this study, the researchers investigated the comparative level of job satisfaction among the faculty members of public and private universities in Bangladesh. Based on a self-administered questionnaire, it attempts to gain insights into the satisfaction levels from the perspective of female university teachers. The study concluded with the facts that not only public but also private faculties are overall satisfied with their present condition. As the faculties of public universities are government service holders, so they get provident fund and apartment with medical facilities. However, private universities get good salary in regular basis. It has been found that there is no significant difference between public and private female faculty members regarding job satisfaction.
Evaluation of the Legal Framework and Accounting Standards: A Study on Mobile Telecommunication Companies in Bangladesh
Authors: Neogy Taposh Kumar
Published: February 2020

This present study analysis the application of legal framework and compliance with accounting standards of the selected mobile telecommunication companies in Bangladesh. In the analysis of the opinions of the respondents, it is evident that the most of the respondents think that the selected mobile telecommunication companies moderately apply legal framework for preparing the financial statements and the null hypothesis is accepted which means that there is no significant difference of opinions among the respondents regarding the application of legal framework for preparing the financial statements of the selected companies. It is also evident that most of the respondents think that the selected mobile telecommunication companies moderately comply with accounting standards for preparing the financial statement and the null hypothesis is rejected which indicates that there is significant difference of opinions among the respondents regarding the degree of compliance with accounting standards for preparing the financial statements of the selected mobile telecommunication companies.
Screening of BARI Rhizobium Biofertilizers against Foot and Root Rot of Chickpea
Authors: Khalequzzaman K. M.
Published: February 2020

The experiment was conducted at the sick plot, Pulses Research Centre, Ishurdi, Pabna, Bangladesh during two consecutive years of 2010-11 and 2011-12 to screen out the effective BARI Rhizobium Biofertilizers against foot and root rot of chickpea. Six BARI Rhizobium strains viz. BARI Rca 201, BARI Rca 220, BARI Rca 202, BARI chickpea Rajshahi, BARI Rca IC 59 and BARI Chickpea pulse 1 were used as treatments. In 2010-11, foot and root rot incidence ranged from 9.78-26.63%, while the lowest incidence was recorded in BARI Chickpea Rajshahi, but the highest incidence was recorded in untreated control. BARI Chickpea Rajshahi gave the highest plant survival (90.22%) and control treatment gave the lowest plant survival (72.55%). BARI Chickpea Rajshahi treated plots reduced maximum foot and root rot incidence (63.27%) over untreated control. Similar trends of the results were observed in 2011-12. The highest yield was obtained from BARI Chickpea Rajshahi with 2090 and 2040 kg/ha during 2010-11 and 2011-12, respectively, and the lowest yield was obtained from untreated control for both the years.
Effective Parental Monitoring: As Determinant of Conduct Disorder among Children
Authors: Abid Momina , Liaquat Sidra
Published: February 2020

Parental monitoring is important to help comprehending the conduct problems with children; it truly is widely recognized being a possibility element for the development regarding child as well as teenage conduct problems. Current study was directed to examine relationship between parental monitoring and conduct disorder among children. The sample of 100 children (50 boys and 50 girls) was select randomly and their mothers were approached from different schools of Multan. Disruptive Behavior Disorder Rating Scale (Malik, T.A, 2011) and Parental Monitoring Scale (Capaldi& Patterson, 1989) were used. Research finding showed that parental monitoring has significant effect on conduct disorder. Findings of research study depicted that a significant negative correlation between parental monitoring and conducts disorder. The finding depicted to socioeconomic status showed that children with high and low socioeconomic status have significant differences on the level of parental monitoring and conduct disorder. The findings pertaining to educational differences showed that educated and uneducated mother of children have significant differences on the level of parental monitoring and conduct disorder. The findings showed that mother’s work status has significant differences on the level of parental monitoring and conduct disorder among children and the findings pertaining that mother's age have significant differences on the level of parental monitoring and conduct disorder.
Resource Use Efficiency of Yam Production among Smallholder Farmers and Effect to the Environment in the Tropics
Authors: Ume Smiles I. , Kaine A.I.N. , Ochiaka C.D.
Published: February 2020

Resource use efficiency of yam production among smallholder farmers in Southeast, Nigeria was studied. The specific objectives of the study are to estimate the costs and returns in yam production, determine the allocative efficiency of yam production among small holder farmers, determine the different effects of yam cropping activities to the environment and identify and describe the limiting factor to yam production in the study area. A multi-stage random sampling technique was used to select 240 farmers and from which information needed for the study were elicited using a structure questionnaire. Cost and returns analysis, allocative efficiency model and distributive statistics such as percentage response and frequency distribution table were used to capture the objectives of the study. The result shows that yam production was profitable in the study area. Also, result of the allocative efficiency of the inputs shows that the farmers did not attain optimal allocative efficiency, since they either under - utilized or over utilized their resources. Yam production activities in form of clearing, burning, pesticides use, fertilizer use and tillage could result in among others wild Life habitation, oxygen – carbon dioxide balance, erosion, effect aesthetic, increases soil temperature, reduction of soil nutrient, human health and welfare and conversion of organic nitrogen into mobile nitrates. The constraints to yam production were high cost of labour, poor access to credit, poor access to extension services and high cost of labour. Improving farmers’ access to credit, fertilizer and extension contact were recommended.
Some Correlates of Academic Dishonesty among Serial-Academically Frustrated Undergraduates in Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Williams Taiwo Motolani , Aremu Oyesoji Amos
Published: February 2020

The purpose of the study is to examine factors associated with academic dishonesty among serial-academically frustrated students in Ogun State, Nigeria. Two hundred and fifty undergraduates registered with the academic empowerment programme at a private university in Nigeria were purposively selected for this study. The ages of the participants ranged from 17 to 21 years. Both the independent and dependent variables were measured with standardised instruments. The results showed that the independent variables jointly and relatively had significant influence on academic dishonesty among the sampled undergraduates. The result also showed gender difference in academic self-efficacy, locus of control and academic dishonesty but had no significant difference on motivation and academic dishonesty among male and female respondents.   Implications for this study include the need to encourage character strength and development for enhancing the overall positive classroom behaviours, which eventually lead to successful academic achievement. University school counsellors should be saddled with the responsibility of nurturing the healthy development of all students.
Pathological Studies of Mecistocirrus digitatus Infection in Naturally Infested Mithun and Phere (Cross Bred of Mithun)
Authors: Chamuah J K , . Amenti , Borkotoky D
Published: February 2020

In histopathological study, Lung was emphysematous, showed pronounced interstitial pneumonia followed by severe thickening of alveolar septa and bronchial wall, haemorrhages with connective tissue proliferation and infiltration of leucocytes around the bronchial wall. Bulla formation was also evident in some places. Liver showed mild haemorrhages of hepatocytes and congestion in sinusoidal space. In abomasum, adult parasites were embedded in mucousa and sectioning of adult parasites were seen with full of eggs. In large intestine, there was necrosis and degeneration of colonic villi and lost of normal architecture. There was also evidence of hyperactivity of acinar cells, fibrous tissue proliferation with polymorphonuclear cell infiltration. An apical tip shows degenerative changes, adhesion with mild fibrous tissue proliferation. In small intestine, there was congestion, oedema with thickening of sub mucousa as well as erosion of intestinal villi in certain areas, adhesion and fibrous tissue proliferation. In spleen, there was depletion of spleenic venule, congestion of spleenic pulp, haemorrhages surrounding the spleenic venule.
Una propuesta exploratoria del perfil profesional en turismo desde Limón, Costa Rica
Authors: Espinoza Vargas Cherry , Alvarado Redondo Fabián , Castro Zúñiga Katherine , Solano Porras Ignacio , Zúñiga Batista Yolanda
Published: February 2020

La siguiente investigación surge a partir de la falta de estudios actuales realizados en Costa Rica y propiamente de la provincia de Limón, que refiere a la preparación de profesionales para el sector turismo. El objetivo de la siguiente investigación da respuesta a cuál es el perfil profesional que se requiere para responder a las necesidades actuales y futuras del sector turismo, donde se brindarán variables, se identificarán conocimientos, habilidades y actitudes con el fin de formular el perfil profesional acorde para la provincia.

Para fundamentar dicho trabajo se procede a la extracción y revisión bibliográfica, además de un mapeo y un método que definirá conceptos y teorías de turismo, perfil profesional, dando a la investigación un enfoque cualitativo y una investigación etnográfica. El trabajo presenta aportes de diversas áreas profesionales, de grado académico, educativo, sector de gobierno local, sector empresarial, egresados de la carrera de Gestión de Turismo Sostenible, que dieron importantes y diferentes perspectivas, para brindar una propuesta del perfil profesional de Turismo para el distrito Central de Limón.
Correlation between Stress Level and Learning Motivation of Pre-Clinical Medical Student in Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga
Authors: Alda Rieza Rizqy , Utomo Budi , Hasan Helmia
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Stress is mental health problem that can occur to medical student. Stress distract student’s life from student’s task. This distraction causes ineffective study. Ineffective study could cause lower motivation and probability of educational failure. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional analytic that used pre-clinical medical student in Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga as population. This study used convenience/haphazard sampling as sampling method. The data was taken at Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga from June to August of 2018. The subjects that meet the criteria were subjects who agreed to informed consent. The data was taken using questionnaires. The questionnaires were DASS (Depression Anxiety Stress Scales) and MSLQ (Motivated Strategies of Learning Questionnaire). The data then was examined for normality. Results: A total of 95 medical students were included in this study, 55 subjects were female, mostly aged 21 years old. Most of pre-clinical medical student’s stress level was on normal level (47.5%), while their motivation level was on adequate level (74.7%). Conclusion: There is a correlation between stress level and learning motivation of pre-clinical medical student in Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga
NICU Healthcare Workers Hand Hygiene Compliance during 6 Months of Direct Observation
Authors: Firdaus Inna Fairuuza , Puspitasari Dwiyanti , Purwanta Marijam
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Hospitalized neonates are at risk of developing nosocomial sepsis, a systemic infection due to unhygienic healthcare, especially in Indonesia where healthcare-associated infection incidence rate is 5.9%-8.3%. Hand hygiene by healthcare workers is an effective measure to prevent it. This study aimed to understand the healthcare workers’ hand hygiene compliance towards WHO guidelines 2009 in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital NICU. Methods: This research was an observational study. The healthcare workers’ hand hygiene compliance was obtained through 6 months of direct observation, from November 2018 to April 2019, with doctors and nurses who agreed to be observed and present during the observation period as samples. The observation was recorded with WHO observation form, and processed with Microsoft Excel 2013 to obtain compliance rate. Results: Overall, the compliance of healthcare worker in NICU Dr. Soetomo General Hospital during the 6 months of study was 84%. Nurses’ compliance was higher (87%) than doctors’ (78%). Compliance to My 5 Moments of Hand Hygiene indications varied from 82% for moments before patient contact to 93% for moments after patient contact. Conclusion: In conclusion, hand hygiene compliance of healthcare workers in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital NICU varied between profession categories and each indication. To maintain and improve hand hygiene compliance, intervention in healthcare workers’ behavior is needed, so that healthcare-associated infection can be better prevented.
Pemanfaatan Berbagai Jenis Limbah Rumput Laut terhadap Produktivitas Padi Sawah
Authors: Hariyati Hariyati , Ibrahim Bachrul , Ahmad Asmita
Published: February 2020

Various ways have been made to increase the productivity of rice plants as a source of staple food of Indonesian society. One ofthem is the addition of nutrients in the soil (fertilization). Currently, the innovation use of seaweed as fertilizer is widely used in several countries in the world, because seaweed contains phosphorus, potassium, and some other micro elements. This study aimed to analyze the use of various types of waste seaweed to improve the productivity of paddy rice on the ground Vertisol. The study lasted from December 2014 through Sept. 2015, at Greenhouse, Teaching Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Hasanuddin Makassar. The research method is a randomized block design consisting of eight treatments and six replications (48 pot experiment). Each treatment is C0 (control), C1 (fertilizer N 300 kg / ha, P 100 kg / ha and K 100 kg / ha), G1 (Gracilaria 10 g / pot), G2 (Gracilaria 100 g / pot), S1 (Sargassum 10 g / pot), S2 (Sargassum 100 g / pot), K1 (Kappaphycus 10 g / pot), and K2 (Kappaphycus 100 g / pot). The addition of Sargassum seaweed fertilizer waste 100 g / pot and Kappaphycus dose of 100 g / pot can increase K-dd, Na- dd, base saturation, increase the value of N, P, K, and Ca-dd, but administration with concentrations of 100 g / no maximum pot for rice crop production by causing toxicity in plants. The addition of seaweed fertilizer waste treatment Gracilaria 100 g / pot is effective in improving Vertisol soil chemical properties and can provide maximum results for the productivity of rice plants
Rare Complication of Distal Radius and Ulnar Styloid Fractures with Percutaneous Fixation
Authors: Bayram Serkan , Turgut Necmettin , Şükrü Kendirci Alper , Akgül Turgut , Durmaz Hayati
Published: February 2020

Case:

A 42-year-old man presented with distal radius fracture. We performed external fixation combined with Kirschner wiring, which was removed 6 weeks postoperatively. After the removal of the implants, the patient could not achieve any pronation-supination, and distal radioulnar synostosis became apparent during the follow-up. The patient underwent distal ulnar osteotomy, and 60° pronation and full supination were achieved. No complications were reported at the 32-month follow-up.

Conclusion:

This is a rare case of radioulnar synostosis after percutaneous fixation surgery for distal radius fracture. The modified Sauve-Kapandji procedure can help restore motion, together with other appropriate postoperative interventions, and provides early mobilization.
KENIKMATAN IRONIS BAGI MANTAN PREMAN DI YOGYAKARTA SETELAH MENONTON SINETRON PREMAN PENSIUN
Authors: Rachmawati Yul , Wibowo Tangguh Okta
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTThis study attempts to explore how the reception of the audiences after watching Preman Pensiun(PP) soap opera, a comedy soap opera by Aris Nugraha which has aired up to three series. Theproblematization of this study comes when PP soap opera raises a question, how do audiences’response in the city other than Bandung? This study tries to understand how receptive thugs whoare retired or ex-thugs after watched PP soap operas in their daily lives. For data collection,researchers conducted in-depth interviews after approaching three informants as former thugs in Yogyakarta. The result of this study is the communication of former thugs in daily life after they have constructed and reproduced values adopted from PP soap opera. Last, PP soap opera givespleasure for the ex-thugs in providing entertainment, but also it gives ironic pleasure and paradoxwhen they feel away with the pleasure.Keywords: daily lives of ex-thugs; ironic pleasure; Preman Pensiun soap opera; reception of thugs
Perkembangan Regulasi Diri Anak Usia Dini: Peranan Kemampuan Berbahasa dan Regulasi Diri pada Pembelajaran
Authors: Sa'ida Naili
Published: February 2020

This study aims to describe the development of self-regulation of children aged 4-5 years at Kindergarten Dhamawanita Persatuan Pucang Jajar. This study is a qualitative case study in children aged 4-5 years. Data analysis techniques use the model proposed by Miles and Huberman which consists of 3 stages: data reduction, data display, and verification. The research were use multi technique to collect the data use the observation, interviews, and documentation. The results showed that the development of self-regulation developed simultaneously with language skills. Language can really play an important role in determining how children regulate their thoughts, emotions, and behavior. Language facilitates the internalization of children's social structures and rules through their interaction in the social world around them. When children interact with others, their understanding of other people's perspectives and expectations is expanded. This perspective shows that language helps children understand their experiences, as well as the experiences of others, and so it is through language that children connect this information with their own behavior.
Peningkatan Kemandirian Anak Usia 4-5 Tahun Melalui Bercerita
Authors: Pareira Mariana Ikun RD , Atal Naomi Habi
Published: February 2020

Autonomy is important to be taught early because makes it will easier for children to carry out further education. Autonomy also leads children to have high self-esteem and intrinsic motivation. The most prominent problem in children at TK Tunas Harapan Emaus Liliba Kupang is autonomy.  Autonomy can be promoted in various ways, one of them which is story telling. The purpose of this study is to find out whether there is an increase in autonomy of children ages 4-5 years after story telling. The research method used in this research is experimental method with quantitative approach. The research design used is a non-equivalent research design or also called "one group pre test and post test design" which is a research design used by giving before and after the activitiies test in a single group research sample. The results of this study indicate that by the Wilcoxon test showed a significant increase in autonomy of children ages 4-5 years (p0.05)
Analisis Kesiapan Guru dalam Mengimplementasikan Kurikulum 2013 di PAUD
Authors: Kongen Melania Marsela , Jaya Petrus Redy Partus
Published: February 2020

This study was conducted to determine the extent of teacher readiness in implementing the 2013 Curriculum in PAUD. This type of research was a descriptive study with a qualitative approach. The research subjects were 21 teachers in Langke Rembong sub-district. Data collection techniques using interviews and questionnaires. The instrument used was interview guidelines and questionnaire items in the form of open questions. In this study, researchers examined the readiness of teachers related to the implementation of the 2013 Curriculum (K'13) in terms of Curriculum Structure, Guidelines for Detection of Children Growth, Learning Guidelines, Assessment Guidelines, and Educator Guidebooks. Teacher readiness is measured by the extent of the teacher's ability to implement the 2013 Curriculum in PAUD. Based on the findings related to five things in organizing the 2013 Curriculum in PAUD, it appears that administratively PAUD teachers are ready to implement the 2013 Curriculum in PAUD. However, practically the teachers still experience difficulties. These difficulties are related to the application of a scientific approach and the implementation of authentic assessments. In learning, teachers have difficulty designing activity themes and materials that encourage children to observe, ask questions, gather information, reason, and communicate. That is why, learning is more directed at drawing and coloring activities. In doing the assessment, the teacher has difficulty compiling data on the results of the daily assessment and compiling reports on child development. This difficulty occurs because most of the teachers are high school / vocational high school and non-PAUD undergraduate students
Hampiqato de Ayacucho símbolo, tradición y patrimonio vital
Authors: Pariona Cabrera Walter
Published: February 2020

El propósito de esta investigación es dar cuenta de la existencia e importancia del hampiqato, lo que denominamos«farmacia de origen ancestral» o alterna, donde se ofertan insumos deshidratados de origen natural (plantas,animales marinos, minerales y algunos productos transformados provenientes de la ciudad de Lima), que constituyenrecursos para el tratamiento y la ritualidad en los procedimientos de cura de los síndromes culturales con lamedicina tradicional. El artículo es una primera aproximación a la interpretación del valor real y simbólico para lagran mayoría de los habitantes del espacio urbano y rural de Ayacucho. La variedad de recursos naturales que seofertan en el hampiqato constituye la continuidad de procesos inmemoriales de conocimientos y ciencia logradosen el campo de la medicina y son parte importante de la cosmovisión andina.
De qué hablamos al decir «estética del cine»
Authors: Zavala Lauro
Published: February 2020

El objetivo de estas notas es responder de manera sintética a varias preguntas generales sobre las relacionesentre filosofía y estudios cinematográficos, cuya interacción ha producido el terreno que, a lo largo de más de diezdécadas, ha recibido el nombre de estética del cine. Estas preguntas son: ¿qué es la estética del cine? ¿Cuáles sonlos principales terrenos de investigación en la estética del cine? ¿Se requiere ser filósofo profesional para explorar losterrenos de la estética del cine? ¿Es parte de la estética del cine toda reflexión filosófica sobre cine? ¿Cuándo surgió ydónde se ha desarrollado la estética del cine? ¿Es la estética del cine solo el estudio de la experiencia estética delespectador?
Drilling Problems in the Paradox Basin
Authors: Groenewold B.E.
Published: February 2020

Joint Meeting of the Rocky Mountain Petroleum Sections of AIME, 3–4 March, Denver

Introduction

Paradox - what is it? Webster says, "Paradox - an assertion or sentiment seemingly contradictory, or opposed to common sense, but that yet may be true in fact." Whoever the genius was who chose the name "Paradox Basin" certainly hit the nail on the head. As far as drilling problems encountered therein, almost anything can be said and still be "true in fact".

There is very little that one can say with any degree of certainty that will occur from location to location, and at this stage of development there is little unanimity of opinion or programs on the part of engineers, geologists, drilling contractors, or other interested parties.

Producing Formations

Most of the production so far discovered is in several zones of the Hermosa, ranging from the Upper Hermosa to the Lower Hermosa or Paradox above the salt. The geologists have not seemed to come to full agreement on various names of the zones or on whether it is all reef production or structural, trap, or combination of both.

Depths

In drilling these Pennsylvanian formations to the salt the depths will range from 4800 to 6300 ft. In general, the average north of the San Juan River will run about 5800 ft. South of the river the average will be around 5300 ft. Relatively few tests have been drilled through the salt, but these have added another 1000 to 1200 ft. The present search seems confined mainly to formations above the salt.

Casing Programs

Here, depending on the operator and the individual well conditions, there is great variation. Table 1 shows some of the typical programs in use in the area. The most popular programs are B and C. The variation in depths of the surface strings is usually due to the underground water conditions. While frequently omitted, it is usually good practice to set the conductor string. This is especially true on locations where there is a probability of water flow or where either shattered surface formations or heavy new fills would be likely to cause lost circulation. Sometimes this is set ahead of time with a so-called "dry hole digger".
Lease Automatic Custody Transfer
Authors: Turner J.D.
Published: February 2020

Joint Meeting of the Rocky Mountain Petroleum Sections of AIME, 3–4 March, Denver

Introduction

Lease Automatic Custody Transfer or LACT as it is now commonly known has become a catchword in the industry. It may be defined as consisting of equipment and procedures whereby the measuring of quantity and quality and the running of crude oil from the producer's lease to the connected pipeline is accomplished on a completely automatic and therefore unattended basis, all in accordance with preset schedules and applicable regulations.

Producers and pipeline companies alike are devoting an increasing amount of attention to ways and means of putting this new concept to work, and a few are now actually in service but many more are on the drawing boards. Each group seems to have a slightly different approach but the systems may be classed broadly as those which achieve their automatic control by (1) all electric, (2)electro-pneumatic, or (3) all-pneumatic means; crude measurements are made either by (1) volumetric chamber measuring, or (2) meter measuring.

Imperial Oil Ltd. have been operating a 16-well lease in the Redwater field, some 40 miles northeast of Edmonton, Alberta, on an automatic custody transfer basis since November, 1955. Automatic control is achieved by all-electric means and crude oil measurements are made by means of positive displacement meters.

This installation was of course preceded by considerable background work on the part of the Imperial Producing Dept. in evaluating the performance of automatic control equipment and on the part of the Imperial Pipe Line Co. in evaluating the performance of meters and samplers.

The first installation of production control equipment was made on a tank farm located in the Leduc field some 25 miles southwest of Edmonton, and was completed in February, 1954.
Core Handling and Measurement Techniques for Obtaining Reliable Reservoir Characteristics
Authors: Luffel D.L. , Randall R.V.
Published: February 2020

Formation Evaluation Symposium, 21–22 November, 1960,Houston, Texas.

Introduction

One of the first problems that arises in evaluation of an oil or gas reservoir is that of determining the magnitude of the reserve. To answer this question, the engineer or geologist must have reliable information on the size of the reservoir, the average porosity of the rock, and the average oil, gas, and water saturations. While knowledge of the total reserve is essential, it is prediction of recoverable reserve and selection of the most efficient recovery mechanism that is of greatest interest Accurate predictions of recoverable reserves by various mechanisms require, in addition to that given above, precise information on the fluid flow characteristics of the reservoir rock, including the permeability and the relative permeabilities to oil and gas or to oil and water as functions of saturation. Furthermore, the variation of rock properties and the configuration of the reservoir generally have a profound influence upon the efficiency of a given recovery mechanism and must therefore be determined in as great detail as practical. The collection and interpretation of the reservoir data mentioned above comprises a major portion of the formation evaluation program. In gathering the data needed for reservoir evaluation, several general methods are employed. Most of the basic information is derived from core analysis, well logs, and well flow tests. Although this paper is concerned specifically with core analysis, it is noteworthy to review briefly the types of information available from well logs and well flow tests. From well logs, the size and configuration of a reservoir are usually determined.
Generalized Continuum Models for Borehole Stability Analysis
Authors: Päpamichos E. , Vardoulakis I. , Sulem J.
Published: February 2020

Generalized continuum models are becoming common in studies aiming at capturing the heterogeneous character of the deformation of granular rocks. Their constitutive equations take into account characteristics of the microstructure of the material which regularize the mathematically ill-posed problem of strain softening plasticity and lead to scale effect in boundary value problems. Two of the most prevalent models, the Cosserat and the second-gradient plasticity models are compared on the basis of their ability to describe the experimentally observed scale effect in hollow cylinder experiments.
Diet quality and its relationship with overweight and laboratory parameters in breast cancer patients undergoing treatment
Authors: LS Krystal Ng , MS Zalilah , Mun Chan Yoke
Published: February 2020

Background Overweight is the common issue existed among breast cancer patients, leading to poor cancer prognosis and survival. However, previous studies have focused merely on single nutrients or food groups. This study aimed to determine whether diet quality was associated with overweight and laboratory parameters among breast cancer patients undergoing treatment. Methods A cross sectional study comprises of 163 patients was conducted from January to May 2017. Diet quality and level of physical activity of patients were ascertained using Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)-short form, respectively. Data were available on body mass index and biochemical data, including of serum albumin, serum hemoblogbin and neutrophils count. Logistic regression was performed to identify the association between diet quality and overweight, serum albumin, serum hemoglobin and neutrophils count. Results The mean total HEI score (standard deviation) of the breast cancer patients was 63.86 (8.75). More than 80% of the subjects did not adhere to the dietary guidelines for whole grains, dairy, refined grains, ratio of poly- and mono-unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids components. In the multivariate model, those who perceived higher score of total HEI-2015 were less likely to experience overweight (Q4 vs Q1: OR=0.36; 95% CI=0.13, 0.99) while reported higher concentration of serum hemoglobin (Q4 vs Q1: OR=0.36; 95% CI=0.13, 0.98; Q3 vs Q1: OR=0.35; 95% CI=0.13, 0.92). Non-significant associations of diet quality were shown for serum albumin and neutrophils count. Conclusions A majority of breast cancer patients require dietary modification, especially for fatty acids, grains and dairy products. Diet quality may associate with overweight. A balanced diet that address the problem of overweight may help to maintain a good nutritional status and to improve cancer care in breast cancer patients during treatment. Future prospective studies are required to confirm this association.
The COngenital HeARt Disease in adult and Pulmonary Hypertension (COHARD-PH) registry: a descriptive study from single-center hospital registry of adult congenital heart disease and pulmonary hypertension in Indonesia
Authors: Dinarti Lucia Kris , Hartopo Anggoro Budi , Kusuma Arditya Damar , Satwiko Muhammad Gahan , Hadwiono Muhammad Reyhan , Pradana Aditya Doni , Anggrahini Dyah Wulan
Published: February 2020

Backgrounds: The COngenital HeARt Disease in adult and Pulmonary Hypertension (COHARD-PH) registry is the first registry for congenital heart disease (CHD) andCHD-related pulmonary hypertension (PH) in adults in Indonesia.The study aims to describethe demographics, clinical presentation, and hemodynamics data of adult CHD and CHD-related PH in Indonesia.
Methods: The COHARD-PH registry is a hospital-based, single-center, and prospective registry which includes adult patients with CHD and CHD-related PH. The patients were enrolled consecutively. For this study, we evaluatedthe registry patients from July 2012 until July 2019. The enrolled patients underwent clinical examination, electrocardiography, chest x-ray, 6-minute walking test, laboratory measurement, and transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography. Right heart catheterization was performed to measure hemodynamics and confirmthe diagnosis of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH).
Results: We registered 1012 patients during the study.The majority were young, adult females.The majority of CHD was secundum ASD (73.4%). The main symptom was dyspnea on effort. The majority of patients (77.1%)had already developed signs of PH assessed by echocardiography. The Eisenmenger syndrome was encountered in 18.7% of the patients. Based on the right heart catheterization, 66.9% of patients had developed PAH. Patients with PAH were significantly older,had lower peripheral oxygen saturation, had lower 6-minute walking distance, and higher NTproBNP. The NTproBNP level independently predicted the development of PAH among CHD.
Conclusions: The COHARD-PH registry is the first Indonesian adult-CHD and CHD-related PH registry. The demographics, clinical presentation, and hemodynamics dataof this registry reflect the situation in developing countries which needs to be compared with similar registries from developed countries.
Genome-wide identification of loci associated with growth in rainbow trout
Authors: Ali Ali , Al-Tobasei Rafet , Lourenco Daniela , Leeds Tim , Kenney Brett , Salem Mohamed
Published: February 2020

Background Growth is a major economic production trait in aquaculture. Improvements in growth performance will reduce time and cost for fish to reach market size. However, genes underlying growth have not been fully explored in rainbow trout. Results A previously developed 50K gene-transcribed SNP chip, containing ~21K SNPs showing allelic imbalances potentially associated with important aquaculture production traits including body weight, muscle yield, was used for genotyping a total of 789 fish with available phenotypic data for bodyweight gain. Genotyped fish were obtained from two consecutive generations produced in the NCCCWA growth-selection breeding program. Weighted single-step GBLUP (WssGBLUP) was used to perform a genome-wide association (GWA) analysis to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with bodyweight gain. Using genomic sliding windows of 50 adjacent SNPs, 247 SNPs associated with bodyweight gain were identified. SNP-harboring genes were involved in cell growth, cell proliferation, cell cycle, lipid metabolism, proteolytic activities, chromatin modification, and developmental processes. Chromosome 14 harbored the highest number of SNPs (n = 50). An SNP window explaining the highest additive genetic variance for bodyweight gain (~6.4%) included a nonsynonymous SNP in a gene encoding inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase OCRL-1. Additionally, based on a single-marker GWA analysis, 33 SNPs were identified in association with bodyweight gain. The highest SNP explaining variation in bodyweight gain was identified in a gene coding for thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) (R 2 = 0.09). Conclusion The majority of SNP-harboring genes, including OCRL-1 and THBS1, were involved in developmental processes. Our results suggest that development-related genes are important determinants for growth and could be prioritized and used for genomic selection in breeding programs.
Dried blood spot versus venous blood sampling for phenylalanine and tyrosine
Authors: Vliet Kimber van , Ginkel Wiggert G. van , Dam Esther van , de Blaauw Pim , Koehorst Martijn , Kingma Hermi A. , Spronsen Francjan J. van , Heiner-Fokkema M. Rebecca
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND: To investigate agreement between various dried blood spot (DBS) and venous blood sample measurements of phenylalanine and tyrosine concentrations in Phenylketonuria (PKU) and Tyrosinemia type 1 (TT1) patients.STUDY DESIGN: Phenylalanine and tyrosine concentrations were studied in 45 PKU/TT1 patients in plasma from venous blood in lithium heparin (LH) and EDTA tubes; venous blood from LH and EDTA tubes on a DBS card; venous blood directly on a DBS card; and capillary blood on a DBS card. Plasma was analyzed with an amino acid analyzer and DBS were analyzed with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Agreement between different methods was assessed using Passing and Bablok fit and Bland Altman analyses. RESULTS: In general, phenylalanine concentrations in LH plasma were comparable to capillary DBS, whereas tyrosine concentrations were slightly higher in LH plasma (constant bias of 6.4 µmol/L). However, in the low phenylalanine range, most samples had higher phenylalanine concentrations in DBS compared to LH plasma. Remarkably, phenylalanine and tyrosine in EDTA plasma were higher compared to all other samples (slopes ranging from 7-12%). No differences were observed when comparing capillary DBS to other DBS.CONCLUSIONS: Overall agreement between plasma and DBS is good. However, bias is specimen- (LH vs EDTA), and possibly concentration- (low phenylalanine) dependent. Because of the overall good agreement, we recommend the use of a DBS-plasma correction factor for DBS measurement. Each laboratory should determine their own factor dependent on filter card type, extraction and calibration protocols taking the LH plasma values as gold standard.
Randomized controlled trial on the effect of Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy with Real-Time Therapist Support Via a Video Conference for patients with chronic pain: A study protocol
Authors: Taguchi Kayoko , Numata Noriko , Kutsuzawa Kana , Yoshimura Kensuke , Shimizu Eiji
Published: February 2020

Background: Chronic pain, which persists for at least 12 weeks, is a serious medical condition that not only causes numerous physical and mental conditions, but also affects a person's entire life. Previous studies concerning cognitive behavioral therapy for patients with chronic pain have shown low to intermediate effectiveness. This paper describes the study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate the effectiveness of our newly developed Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy with Real-Time Therapist Support Via a Video Conference (vCBT) as an adjunct to usual care compared with only usual care for chronic pain. Methods: The RCT comprises two parallel groups (vCBT + usual care and usual care alone) of 20 participants each (n=40) who were diagnosed with chronic pain. We aim to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention over 16 weeks. The primary outcome is pain intensity, which will be assessed by the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) at week 16. Secondary outcomes are pain catastrophic perception and daily life impairment degree, each assessed by the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) and Pain Disability Assessment Scale (PADS). In addition, anxiety, depression, and quality of life will be assessed. All measures will be assessed at weeks 1 (baseline), 8 (middle), and 16 (post). Discussion: This study aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of Internet-based CBT with Real-Time Therapist Support Via a Video Conference for patients with chronic pain. The findings of this study will show a feasibility and safety of online CBT for chronic pain, valuable addition to the treatment options for these patients. And we expect that many therapists will be able to universally provide CBT of comparable quality in the treatment of chronic pain by using the CBT protocol which we have developed. Trial registration: UMIN000031124 ; Open public recruiting