bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A abordagem da Educação Financeira na Educação Básica sob o ponto de vista de docentes formadores de futuros professores de Matemática
Authors: Berres Hartmann Andrei Luís , Maltempi Marcus Vinicius
Published: July 2021

A Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) requer que a Educação Financeira seja abordada na formação inicial de professores, visando sua futura inserção na Educação Básica. Embora conste como um assunto transversal e integrador, essa temática na BNCC está muito associada a área de Matemática e suas competências e habilidades. Neste artigo, buscamos compreender possibilidades de abordagem da Educação Financeira na Educação Básica, a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com docentes de Cursos de Licenciatura em Matemática de uma universidade pública paulista. Para tanto, assumimos como referencial teórico a Educação Matemática Crítica e adotamos a abordagem qualitativa de pesquisa para a análise das entrevistas com os três docentes que participaram do estudo. Perante a análise de dados a partir da Análise de Conteúdo, podemos afirmar que, segundo os docentes, a Educação Financeira precisa ser abordada na Educação Básica por meio de discussões que superem, por incorporação, a Matemática Financeira e explorem aspectos não-matemáticos, para corroborar a formação de cidadãos.
“Tem que comprar a marca mais cara?”: Cenários para investigação em aulas de Educação Financeira
Authors: Silva Arlam Dielcio Pontes da , Pessoa Cristiane Azevêdo dos Santos , Carvalho Liliane Maria Teixeira Lima de
Published: July 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar se e como cenários para investigação estão presentes na prática docente em aulas de Educação Financeira. O estudo foi conduzido em uma sala de aula de uma escola pública municipal de Garanhuns/PE, que atende turmas dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental e envolveu a utilização de uma atividade de livro didático de Matemática sobre consumo responsável caracterizada como possuindo pouco potencial para criar cenários para investigação. Foram observadas aulas de oito professores, mas serão discutidos neste artigo os resultados da pesquisa realizada na aula de uma docente com sua turma de 2º ano do Ensino Fundamental. A professora organizou a aula em dois dias: no primeiro, levou os alunos ao supermercado para comprar ingredientes para fazer a receita do lanche; no dia seguinte, ela trabalhou com a atividade sugerida pelos pesquisadores e teve sua aula observada de forma não participante. No decorrer dos diálogos, na sala de aula, foi possível perceber indícios de criação de cenários de investigação a partir de convites feitos pela professora e que foram aceitos pelos estudantes, e de falas que envolveram reflexões e relatos de experiências sobre a temática da atividade sobre consumo responsável. Além disso, pudemos observar indícios, presentes nos diálogos, de que os convites para construir cenários para investigação emergiram não apenas da professora, mas também dos estudantes, quando eles indagam e sugerem pontos que poderiam ser integrados às reflexões.
Educação Financeira na Escola Básica: um mapeamento das pesquisas que abordam conceitos em Investimentos Financeiros desenvolvidas no âmbito do Profmat
Authors: Nunes Laís Macedo de Almeida , Pagani Érica Marlúcia Leite
Published: July 2021

Este artigo é parte de uma pesquisa mais ampla que está sendo desenvolvida no programa de Mestrado Profissional de Matemática em Rede Ampla (Profmat) no Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais-Cefet-MG e que investiga como uma sequência didática que aborda investimentos financeiros pode contribuir para a Educação Financeira de estudantes. Nesse sentido, fez-se necessário realizar um levantamento das dissertações produzidas no âmbito do Profmat que tratassem de temas semelhantes, com intuito de identificar o estado do conhecimento acerca dessa temática no contexto desse programa de mestrado. O objetivo do presente artigo é investigar e mapear essas dissertações e apresentá-las em forma de discussões e análises. Os trabalhos foram analisados qualitativamente por meio da leitura de seus resumos, introduções e conclusões finais. Após essas leituras, foram selecionadas 35 dissertações cujos temas se aproximam do nosso campo de interesse. Por fim, foi possível constatar uma carência de pesquisas no âmbito do Profmat que aprofundem em Investimentos Financeiros e dialoguem com a Educação Básica, principalmente no Ensino Fundamental. No entanto, as análises realizadas indicam uma crescente valorização do tema, isso junto à relevância da temática para o indivíduo e para sociedade, e podem contribuir para que mude esse cenário atual, favorecendo o desenvolvimento da Educação Financeira Escolar.
Análise de temáticas sobre Educação Financeira em livros didáticos dos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental
Authors: Bezerra Filho Elizeu Odilon , Espíndola Elisângela Bastos de Mélo
Published: July 2021

Neste artigo buscamos analisar e discutir temáticas da Educação Financeira (EF) propostas em coleções de livros didáticos de Matemática dos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental aprovadas pelo Programa Nacional do Livro Didático 2020, no contexto da Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) e da Educação Matemática Crítica (EMC). Além disso, expomos algumas considerações sobre as orientações para o ensino de Matemática Financeira (MF) e EF presentes na BNCC, que é o documento mais atual e que já está norteando o funcionamento da educação no país. Também trazemos uma breve discussão sobre as concepções e propostas da EMC verificando como a EF tem forte relação com essa linha de estudo. Como procedimentos metodológicos, selecionamos duas coleções para análise: Matemática Essencial e Geração Alpha Matemática. Para cada coleção analisamos os livros didáticos (LD) do professor do 6º ao 9º ano. Os resultados da análise indicam uma boa presença de temáticas da EF nesses LD, como, por exemplo, o controle financeiro e o uso consciente do crédito. Destacamos também a importância de se explorar temáticas ligadas à EF em sala de aula, que, bem trabalhadas, elas tendem a contribuir para o desenvolvimento de diversas competências e habilidades indicadas na BNCC, além de promover um aprendizado escolar voltado à tomada de decisões conscientes dos estudantes em diversos contextos políticos e socioeconômicos, pressupostos da EMC.
Educação Financeira Escolar: a leitura de imagens como possibilidade para o trabalho docente
Authors: Mendonça Joseilda Machado , Oliveira Kariny Michelly Silva de , Mendes Joelma Gomes
Published: July 2021

A Educação Financeira Escolar (EFE) vem ganhando espaço no nosso país, colocada como política pública desde 2010, e compõe os conhecimentos previstos na Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BRASIL, 2017), como um tema integrador e transversal. O presente artigo objetivou refletir sobre a leitura de imagens como estratégia didática para o trabalho de EFE na Educação Infantil e nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental, através da análise de imagens e das temáticas de EFE possíveis para estudo. Ele aponta para as possibilidades de criação de cenários para investigação presentes nas vivências e nas aulas de EFE. Na metodologia, optou-se pela pesquisa exploratória, com abordagem qualitativa e análise documental. Como base teórica, temos a Educação Matemática Crítica, preconizada por Skovsmose no recorte dos Ambientes de Aprendizagem que favorecem a criação de cenários para investigação. Como resultados, podemos afirmar que a leitura de imagens se apresenta como uma proposta pedagógica viável e possível para o ensino de temáticas de EFE, que podem ser em contexto monetário e não monetário. Consideramos que se faz necessário apresentar nos momentos de formação de professores estudos sobre EF e suas temáticas, pois a apropriação desses conhecimentos pelos educadores pode gerar o desenvolvimento de um trabalho significativo e prazeroso para as crianças
Editorial - Educação Financeira Escolar: construções, caminhos, pesquisas e potencialidades para o século XXI
Authors: Pessoa Cristiane Azevêdo dos Santos , Muniz Junior Ivail
Published: July 2021

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PREPARATION OF SULPHATED FATTY ACID DERIVATIVES OF SPIRULINA OIL
Authors:   JSC «Institute of chemical sciences named after A.B. Bekturov», Almaty, the Republic of Kazakhstan, Umerzakova M. B. , Donenov B. K. ,   JSC «Institute of chemical sciences named after A.B. Bekturov», Almaty, the Republic of Kazakhstan, Sarieva R.B. ,   JSC «Institute of chemical sciences named after A.B. Bekturov», Almaty, the Republic of Kazakhstan, Kainarbaeva Zh. N. ,   JSC «Institute of chemical sciences named after A.B. Bekturov», Almaty, the Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: July 2021

A new sulfonated derivative of Spirulina oil fatty acids was obtained in the work.This derivative is obtained from dry biomass of microalgae in several stages: extraction of lipids from dry biomass, lipid methylation, amination of the formed methyl esters of Spirulina fatty acids, modification of amide with maleic anhydrideand subsequent reaction of the synthesized monoester with sodium bisulfate. The conditions for all stages of the synthesis of the sulfonated derivative were optimized.The initial compounds and reaction products were identified by IR spectroscopy.
BASIC PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF BITUMENS FOR ROADS
Authors:   «West-Kazakhstan agrarian-technical university named after Zhangir Khan», Satayeva S. S. , Mikhailova K.A. ,   «West-Kazakhstan agrarian-technical university named after Zhangir Khan»
Published: July 2021

The most urgent in the oil refining industry, along with the deepening of oil refining, are the problems of improving the quality of oil products, which include heavy oil residues, such as bitumen. Despite the widespread use of petroleum bitumen in road construction, the demand for bitumen is not fully satisfied, because the quality of many bituminous materials does not fully meet the modern requirements of the construction industry.Conformance of bitumen obtained by synthetic method for using it in road construction was reviewed in this article. Some main physical and chemical properties of bitumen were described. Received results meet with specification and we can make the conclusion that synthesized bitumen can be used for road surface.
SELECTIVITY OF INTERPOLYMER SYSTEMS WITH RESPECT TO LANTHANUM IONS
Authors:   A.B. Bekturov Institute of chemical sciences, JUMADILOV T.K. , Yskak L.K. ,   Kazakh National Women's Teacher Training University, TOTKHYSKYZY B. ,   Kazakh National Women's Teacher Training University, ZHAMBYLBAY N.Zh. ,   Kazakh National Women's Teacher Training University, MYRZAKHMETOVA N.O. ,   Kazakh National Women's Teacher Training University, SUBERLYAK O.V. ,   National University "Lviv Polytechnic»
Published: July 2021

The paper deals with the sorption of lanthanum ions by an interpolymer system consisting of sulfonic cation exchanger KU2-8 and anion exchanger AV-17-8. To predict the sorption activity of the intergel system, the mutual activation of the KU2-8 sulfonic cationite with the AV-17-8 anionite in the aqueous medium was initially studied. Due to the mutual activation of hydrogels in the course of their remote interaction, the polymer macromolecules pass into a highly ionized state, which leads to a significant increase in the degree of extraction of lanthanum ions from polymer hydrogels in intergel vapors as compared to the initial polymers. We calculated the degree of extraction of lanthanum ions by the interpolymer system KU2-8: AV-17-8, the degree of binding of the polymer chain (in relation to lanthanum ions) with the initial ion exchangers and the interpolymer system KU2-8: AV-17-8. Based on the data obtained, a comparative analysis of the sorption of lanthanum ions by individual sorbents and an interpolymer system was carried out within the limits of the ratio KU2-8: AV-17-8 = 5: 1–1: 5. It has been established that the maximum degree of sorption of lanthanum ions by the KU2-8: AV-17-8 interpolymer system is observed within the ratio KU2-8: AV-17-8 = 2: 4 at 48 hours of remote interaction of the interpolymer system and is 54.73 mol. %, at which the degree of binding of the polymer chain is 6.15%
WHAT THEMES “VIBRATE IN THE CORE” OF TWO POEMS OF OSIP MANDELSTAM AND HOW IT HAPPENS (BASED ON THE POEMS “THE LAW OF PINE GROVE…” AND “THE BRISTLES OF SLEEPINESS…”)?
Authors:   Ural State Pedagogical University, Gutrina Liliya D.
Published: July 2021

The present article addresses the interpretation of two poems written by Osip Mandelstam in 1936, namely “The law of pine grove…” (“Sosnovoy roshchitsy zakon…”) and “The bristles of sleepiness…” (“Plastinkoi tonen’koi zhilleta”). Rhythmic and lexical “conflicts” in the poem tissue (E. Etkind) and various types of reiterations act as a key to poem interpretation. It is they that contribute to the actualization of the motif of parting and various female names, including Anna Akhmatova, Marina Tsvetaeva, as well as women-characters of literary works (Tatyana Larina, Minvana) in the semantic field of these two poems. Eventually the parting scene, which is repeated in the context over and over again (parting with Tsvetaeva and Akhmatova, Arminius and Minvana’s partings, and Tatiana Larina’s farewell to her native places), develops into the parting act of the lyrical character with their past filled with harmony. The rhythmic conflicts of the poem enable the reader to conclude that Mandelstam’s poem “The bristles of sleepiness…” reconstructs the rhythm of “Onegin stanza”, in which the author changed the rhyme sequence fixed in it. As a result, there emerges the effect of the presence of Pushkin’s harmony between its lines. Similarly to this implicit presence of Pushkin’s harmony, the sea noise which was so dear to the poet and which he was irretrievably deprived of is heard in the sound of wind in Mandelstam’s trees. The “Feminine” theme in the poetic world of a poem acts as a component which softens the shared sense of trouble and reconciles with what is happening. The article also makes an assumption that the two poems make up one lyrical cycle (among other things, the metaplot of the growth of the trees is traced throughout the first poem to the second one).
ESTATES IN LEO TOLSTOY’S NOVEL “RESURRECTION”: FROM DENOUNCING LUXURY TO LIFE ON LAND
Authors:   A. M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Andreeva Valeria G. ,   Kostroma State University
Published: July 2021

For the first time in literary criticism, the author of the article turns her attention to the image of the estate in Tolstoy’s later artistic work, showing the dynamics of the writer’s views on estate life, the image of an ideal estate, which for Tolstoy was always associated with the motives of work, family life, proper attitude towards the people, etc. It is noted that in 1880–1910, the estate theme in Tolstoy’s creative imagination was directly related to the problems of land ownership, proper management and correct and gradual path of the individual and their spiritual growth. The picture of estate life In Leo Tolstoy’s novel “Resurrection” is realized in two contrasting versions: luxurious existence of the upper class and the aristocracy, not supported by any content, and transforming into a new image of the working life of the intelligentsia and landowners on the land. The author demonstrates the facts of impoverishment of estate life at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries, which are introduced in the artistic world of the novel. It is proved that the idea in the work of inseparable connection of a person with the people around him and with humanity at large, which is the key conception of the novel, is directly related to Tolstoy’s understanding of the change of the forms of estate life, important and dear for the writer himself. Of great importance in the novel is the awareness of the characters of natural life, which is presented in contrast to civilization, which deviates from the basic laws of love and goodness. On the basis of an analytical comparison of the drafts of the novel and the final text, the author substantiates the importance of the estate theme for understanding the feelings of the protagonist and his inner life, for organizing the epic artistic world of the novel. The article illustrates the stages of the dialectical movement of Dmitry Nekhlyudov and the connection between the estate and family themes. The author rethinks some episodes of the novel that have received controversial interpretations in science and reveals the artistic links that connect different chapters of the work.
DEMYTHOLOGISING SOCIAL FICTIONS IN ANGELA CARTER’S REINTERPRETATIONS OF FAIRY TALES
Authors:   Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Atlas Anna Z.
Published: July 2021

The paper focuses on culture stereotypes embodied in fairy tales and the ways of their representation in twice-told tales. The awareness of pressure of stereotypes in culturally central texts led to their persistent revision by the 20th century women writers. In “The Bloody Chamber and Other Stories”, Angela Carter appropriates some of Charles Perrault’s classical plots calling it a “demythologizing business”. The paper studies “social fictions” regarding women scrutinized in Carter’s reinterpretations of Beauty and the Beast plot. As their overall structure analysis testifies, critical approach to conventional culture’s concepts of gender predetermines the mode of narration - “stories about fairy stories” and female character perspective. These allow for the use of metacommentary that centres on economic issues concerning young women. Alongside with their fears, these issues are thematised by foregrounding recurrent motifs and law words. As the research shows, the major female character’s motivations that their flat prototypes lack are exposed; the 1st person narration also absent in the pretext permits the author to articulate criticism of “social fictions” underlying classical fairy tales through the female character’s mouthpiece in feminist terms. The introduction of a foil triggers the female character’s self-discovery and the multiple reinterpretations of the same plot shattering its ruthless changelessness provide new life scenarios for her.
MODERN RUSSIAN POETRY IN OLYMPIAD ASSIGNMENTS IN LITERATURE
Authors:   Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushinsky, Kuchina Tatiana G.
Published: July 2021

The article discusses approaches to a holistic analysis of poetic texts of the 21st century at Literature Olympiads. The main aim of this academic activity of senior schoolchildren is to teach them to demonstrate their own understanding of a poem through considering it as an integral unity of elements and analyzing the most essential features of its artistic structure. The author answers the following questions: what knowledge, skills, competences are tested by assignments on contemporary poetry? What poetics features of modern literature require special attention and how to teach senior schoolchildren to carry out analysis correctly? How can “Olympiad” poetry be of interest to a modern secondary schooler? On the material of the poems by Polina Barskova, Alexei Tsvetkov and Vladimir Gandelsman the article shows possible ways of text analysis that have formed in practical work – primarily in the Sirius educational center (Sochi). The author uses P. Barskova’s poem “Happiness” (2001), included in the tasks of the final stage of the 2019 Literature Olympiad, to show the methods of work with subtext / intertext and subject structure. The relationship between the object-based and symbolic plans, of the empirically “true-to-life” plot and the biblical subtext are in the focus of attention during the analysis of A. Tsvetkov’s poem “The experience of the end of the world” (2019). V. Gandelsman’s poem “In the morning, right after dawn, I am at the foot…” (2018) was offered to students at a trial competition in “Sirius”. The article contains excerpts from the works of secondary school students, showing how they interpreted the poem.
METHODS OF GRAMMAR MATERIAL PRESENTATION IN TEACHING RUSSIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State Agrarian University, Komovskaya Elena V.
Published: July 2021

The article deals with the specifics features of methodological approaches to teaching Russian grammar to non-Russian-speaking students. The author analyzes two leading principles of presentation of grammar material to such students. A third authored approach is suggested, which is based on the concept of a communicative metamodel, fixing both the grammatical form intended for acquisition and the communicative value of the vocabulary studied. The presentation of the Russian grammar material in teaching Russian as a foreign language is one of the problems solved in the article. The main methods of research are the method of lingo-comparative analysis, as well as methods that synthesize the system-functional and synchronic approaches to presenting the Russian grammar. The scope of research covers special vocabulary of the sublanguage of the professional sphere “agriculture” and frequency-based communicative metamodels of the Russian language, in which this vocabulary is used. The practical significance of this article consists in the fact that it contains the results of the implementation of three methodological approaches to teaching of Russian grammar in three experimental groups of foreign students. The study was conducted on the base of experimental groups at SPbGAU. Particular attention is paid to both the theoretical description of these methodological approaches of grammar material presentation in the process of learning Russian, and the practical result of training organized using these methods. The article provides a summary table of training results for three experimental groups. The theoretical novelty of the study is that the author offers a new approach to the presentation of grammar material in teachinf Russian to foreign students, which has proven itself positive in the implementation of the program of the prep department of St. Petersburg State Agrarian University and other agricultural universities. This approach can be taken as a basis for studying grammar of professional vocabulary in other spheres of human activity. The development of a new methodological approach to the presentation of Russian grammar and its practical test in teaching foreign students of St. Petersburg State Agrarian University is a special contribution of the author to the study of the topic.
Estimating the potential cooling effect of cirrus thinning achieved via the seeding approach
Authors: Liu Jiaojiao , Shi Xiangjun
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Cirrus thinning is a newly emerging geoengineering approach to mitigate global
warming. To sufficiently exploit the potential cooling effect of cirrus
thinning with the seeding approach, a flexible seeding method is used to
calculate the optimal seeding number concentration, which is just enough to
prevent homogeneous ice nucleation from occurring. A simulation using the
Community Atmosphere Model version 5 (CAM5) with the flexible seeding method
shows a global cooling effect of -1.36±0.18 W m−2, which is
approximately two-thirds of that from artificially turning off homogeneous
nucleation (-1.98±0.26 W m−2). However, simulations with
fixed seeding ice nuclei particle number concentrations of 20 and
200 L−1 show a weak cooling effect of -0.27±0.26 W m−2 and warming effect of 0.35±0.28 W m−2, respectively. Further analysis shows that cirrus
seeding leads to a significant warming effect of liquid and mixed-phase
clouds, which counteracts the cooling effect of cirrus clouds. This
counteraction is more prominent at low latitudes and leads to a pronounced net
warming effect over some low-latitude regions. The sensitivity experiment
shows that cirrus seeding carried out at latitudes with solar noon zenith
angles greater than 12∘ could yield a stronger global cooling effect
of −2.00 ± 0.25 W m−2. Overall, the potential cooling effect
of cirrus thinning is considerable, and the flexible seeding method is
essential.
Mediterranean nascent sea spray organic aerosol and relationships with seawater biogeochemistry
Authors: Freney Evelyn , Sellegri Karine , Nicosia Alessia , Williams Leah R. , Rinaldi Matteo , Trueblood Jonathan T. , Prévôt André S. H. , Thyssen Melilotus , Grégori Gérald , Haëntjens Nils , Dinasquet Julie , Obernosterer Ingrid , Van Wambeke France , Engel Anja , Zäncker Birthe , Desboeufs Karine , Asmi Eija , Timonen Hilkka , Guieu Cécile
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The organic mass fraction from sea spray aerosol (SSA) is currently a
subject of intense research. The majority of this research is dedicated to
measurements in ambient air. However a number of studies have recently
started to focus on nascent sea spray aerosol. This work presents
measurements collected during a 5-week cruise in May and June 2017 in
the central and western Mediterranean Sea, an oligotrophic marine region
with low phytoplankton biomass. Surface seawater was continuously pumped
into a bubble-bursting apparatus to generate nascent sea spray aerosol. Size
distributions were measured with a differential mobility particle sizer (DMPS). Chemical characterization of the submicron aerosol was performed with a time-of-flight aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ToF-ACSM) operating with 10 min time resolution and with filter-based chemical analysis on a daily basis. Using positive matrix factorization analysis, the ToF-ACSM non-refractory organic matter (OMNR) was separated into four different organic aerosol types, identified as primary OA (POANR), oxidized OA (OOANR), methanesulfonic acid type OA (MSA-OANR), and mixed OA (MOANR). In parallel, surface seawater biogeochemical properties were monitored providing information on phytoplankton cell abundance and seawater particulate organic carbon (1 h time resolution) and seawater surface microlayer (SML) dissolved organic carbon (DOC) (on a daily basis). Statistically robust correlations (for n>500) were found between MOANR and nanophytoplankton cell abundance, as well as between POANR, OOANR, and particulate organic carbon (POC). Parameterizations of the contributions of different types of organics to the submicron nascent sea spray aerosol are proposed as a function of the seawater biogeochemical properties for use in models.
Large and increasing methane emissions from eastern Amazonia derived from satellite data, 2010–2018
Authors: Wilson Chris , Chipperfield Martyn P. , Gloor Manuel , Parker Robert J. , Boesch Hartmut , McNorton Joey , Gatti Luciana V. , Miller John B. , Basso Luana S. , Monks Sarah A.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. We use a global inverse model, satellite data and flask
measurements to estimate methane (CH4) emissions from South America,
Brazil and the basin of the Amazon River for the period 2010–2018. We
find that emissions from Brazil have risen during this period, most quickly
in the eastern Amazon basin, and that this is concurrent with increasing
surface temperatures in this region. Brazilian CH4 emissions rose from
49.8 ± 5.4 Tg yr−1 in 2010–2013 to 55.6 ± 5.2 Tg yr−1 in 2014–2017, with the wet season of December–March having
the largest positive trend in emissions. Amazon basin emissions grew from
41.7 ± 5.3 to 49.3 ± 5.1 Tg yr−1 during the
same period. We derive no significant trend in regional emissions from
fossil fuels during this period. We find that our posterior distribution of
emissions within South America is significantly and consistently changed
from our prior estimates, with the strongest emission sources being in the
far north of the continent and to the south and south-east of the Amazon
basin, at the mouth of the Amazon River and nearby marsh, swamp and mangrove
regions. We derive particularly large emissions during the wet season of
2013/14, when flooding was prevalent over larger regions than normal within
the Amazon basin. We compare our posterior CH4 mole fractions, derived
from posterior fluxes, to independent observations of CH4 mole fraction
taken at five lower- to mid-tropospheric vertical profiling sites over the
Amazon and find that our posterior fluxes outperform prior fluxes at all
locations. In particular the large emissions from the eastern Amazon basin
are shown to be in good agreement with independent observations made at
Santarém, a location which has long displayed higher mole fractions of
atmospheric CH4 in contrast with other basin locations. We show that a
bottom-up wetland flux model can match neither the variation in annual
fluxes nor the positive trend in emissions produced by the inversion. Our
results show that the Amazon alone was responsible for 24 ± 18 % of
the total global increase in CH4 flux during the study period, and it
may contribute further in future due to its sensitivity to temperature
changes.
The EUREC4A turbulence dataset derived from the SAFIRE ATR 42 aircraft
Authors: Brilouet Pierre-Etienne , Lothon Marie , Etienne Jean-Claude , Richard Pascal , Bony Sandrine , Lernoult Julien , Bellec Hubert , Vergez Gilles , Perrin Thierry , Delanoë Julien , Jiang Tetyana , Pouvesle Frédéric , Lainard Claude , Cluzeau Michel , Guiraud Laurent , Medina Patrice , Charoy Theotime
Published: July 2021

Abstract. During the EUREC4A field experiment that took place over the tropical Atlantic Ocean east of Barbados, the French ATR 42 environment research aircraft of SAFIRE aimed to characterize the shallow cloud properties near cloud base and the turbulent structure of the subcloud layer. For this purpose, the aircraft payload included radar and lidar remote sensing, microphysical probes, a laser spectrometer, and meteorological sensors. In particular, the aircraft was equipped with a five-hole radome nose as well as several temperature and moisture sensors allowing for measurements of wind, temperature and humidity at 25 Hz. This paper presents the high-frequency measurements made with these sensors and their translation in terms of turbulent fluctuations, turbulent moments and characteristic length scales of turbulence. A particular focus is on the calibration and the quality control of the air moisture measurements, which remain a challenge at fine scales. Level-2 and Level-3 data are distributed as an ensemble of NetCDF files available to the public at AERIS (https://doi.org/10.25326/128, Lothon and Brilouet, 2020).
Internet-of-things-based four-dimensional high-density electrical instrument for geophysical prospecting
Authors: Zhou Keyu , Zhang Qisheng , Liu Yongdong , Wu Zhen , Lin Zucan , Zhao Bentian , Jiang Xingyuan , Li Pengyu
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The high-density electrical method is a primary method
used in shallow geophysical prospecting. Due to the rapid industrial
development that has taken place in recent years, the function and performance of high-density
electrical instruments have been considerably improved in several aspects.
However, most of the electrical instruments currently available on the
market still exhibit some shortcomings, such as being bulky, heavy, limited
in their data acquisition accuracy, and difficult to connect to the Internet
for remote monitoring. To address these problems, this study developed a new
multifunctional four-dimensional (4D) high-density electrical instrument based
on remote wireless communication technology. The system is small and
lightweight, includes an integrated transceiver, has high data acquisition
accuracy, and is capable of remote wireless real-time control. In this
study, the hardware circuit was designed. The Arm all-in-one (AIO)
LJD-eWinV5-ST7 with a 154.4 cm × 87 cm, 800 × 480
high-brightness wide-temperature-range display is used as the host computer,
which has the advantages of small size, low power consumption, and abundant
hardware resources. Internet of things (IoT) technology is incorporated in the system, and a 4G
module is employed to provide a real-time remote control and data
acquisition monitoring system based on the cloud platform. Tests showed that
this instrument is stable and convenient to use and can meet the
requirements for use in field prospecting.
ENSO-ASC 1.0.0: ENSO Deep Learning Forecast Model with a Multivariate Air–Sea Coupler
Authors: Mu Bin , Qin Bo , Yuan Shijin
Published: July 2021

Abstract. ENSO is an extremely sophisticated air-sea coupling phenomenon, the development and decay of which are usually modulated by the energy interactions between multiple physical variables. In this paper, we design a multivariate air-sea coupler (ASC) based on graph using features of multiple physical variables. On the basis of the coupler, an ENSO deep learning forecast model (named ENSO-ASC) is proposed, whose structure is adapted to the characteristics of the ENSO dynamics, including the encoder/decoder for capturing/restoring the multi-scale spatial-temporal correlations, and two attention components for grasping the different air-sea coupling strength on different start calendar month and varied contributions of physical variables in ENSO amplitudes. In addition, two datasets at different resolutions are used to train the model. We firstly tune the model performance to optimal and compare it with the other state-of-the-art ENSO deep learning forecast models. Then, we evaluate the ENSO forecast skill from the contributions of different predictors, the effective lead time with the different start calendar months, and the forecast spatial uncertainties, further analyze the underlying ENSO mechanisms. Finally, we make ENSO predictions over the validation period from 2014 to 2020. Experiment results demonstrate that ENSO-ASC outperforms the other models. Sea surface temperature (SST) and zonal wind are two crucial predictors. The correlation skill of Niño3.4 index is over 0.78/0.65/0.5 within the lead time of 6/12/18 months. From two heat map analyses, we also discover the common challenges in ENSO predictability, such as the forecasting skills declining faster when making forecasts through June-July-August and the forecast errors more likely showing up in the western-central equatorial Pacific with a longer lead time. ENSO-ASC can simulate El Niño and La Niña events with different strengths. The forecasted SST and wind patterns reflect obvious Bjerknes positive feedback mechanism. These results indicate the eﬀectiveness and superiority of our model with the multivariate air-sea coupler in predicting sophisticated ENSO and analyzing the underlying dynamic mechanisms.
Brief communication: ICESat-2 reveals seasonal thickness change patterns of Greenland Ice Sheet outlet glaciers for the first time
Authors: Taubenberger Christian J. , Felikson Denis , Neumann Thomas
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Dynamic changes of marine-terminating outlet glaciers are projected to be responsible for about half of future ice loss from the Greenland Ice Sheet. However, we lack a unified, process-based understanding that can explain the observed dynamic changes of all outlet glaciers. Many glaciers undergo seasonal dynamic thickness changes and classifying the patterns of seasonal thickness change can improve our understanding of the processes that drive glacier behavior. The Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat-2) provides the first space-based, seasonally repeating altimetry measurements of the ice sheets, allowing us to quantify near-termini seasonal dynamic thickness patterns of 34 outlet glaciers around the Greenland Ice Sheet. We classify the glaciers into seven common patterns of seasonal thickness change over a two-year period from 2019 to 2020. We find small groupings of neighboring glaciers with similar seasonal thickness change patterns but, within larger sectors of the ice sheet, seasonal thickness change patterns are heterogeneous. Comparing the seasonal thickness changes to average glacier ice flow speeds, we find that faster glaciers typically undergo patterns of spring and summer dynamic thickening, while slower glaciers exhibit a variety of thickness change patterns. Future studies can build upon our results by comparing seasonal dynamic thickness changes with external forcings, such as ocean temperature and meltwater runoff, and with other dynamic variables such as seasonal glacier velocity and terminus position changes.
Cinema: Not Frames But Veils
Authors: Molina Barea Maria del Carmen
Published: July 2021

The aim of this paper is to rethink the metaphors of the cinema as window and frame. The first one addresses the cinema as a transparent, open window that faithfully reproduces the world, taking the spectator’s view beyond the screen guided by realism and indexicality. The second one takes the screen as a rectangular surface that focuses the audience’s eye on the images that are produced inside its borders. In these pages I will revisit both notions, adding a third one inspired by the passe-partout of Derrida: the cinema as veil, also theorized as backdrop and decor. Ultimately, this approach explores the idea of simulacrum by analizing two examples: Blue (Apichatpong Weerasethakul, 2018) and Decor (Ahmad Abdalla, 2014).
The Liminal and the Surreal: The Space of Limbo and Dreams in Luis Bunuel’s The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie
Authors: Malekpour Miniature , Motamedi Shooka
Published: July 2021

This study explores the role of liminality and Surrealism in Luis Bunuel’s The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie. By taking into consideration the relationship between Surrealism, Marxism and Freud, this paper identifies the role of the liminal and Bunuel’s treatment of these topics. The purpose of this study is to examine the use of liminal space and Surrealism to identify the role of the bourgeois and their fears through the lens of Bunuel.
Implementation of Anyaka Makwiri: A Multicomponent Mentoring Program for Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Uganda
Authors: Plourde Kate F. , Nanda Geeta , Healy Elise , Kibwola Dennis , Mutonyi Phoebe , Ochwo Michael , Okello Francis , Cunningham Joy
Published: July 2021

This article describes the development and implementation of the Anyaka Makwiri program and summarizes results from the qualitative assessment of participant experiences. Anyaka Makwiri is a multicomponent mentoring program developed for adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) ages 15 to 24 in Gulu, Uganda. The comprehensive program consisted of a curriculum covering sexual and reproductive health (SRH), financial capabilities, soft skills, and gender-based violence and gender equality; activities designed to improve participants’ social connectedness; optional onsite testing for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), HIV, and pregnancy along with STI treatment; group-based savings; and links to SRH services, including contraceptive and gender-based violence services. The program was implemented over a 6-month period and reached 490 AGYW. Findings are derived from routine program-monitoring data including administrative records, de-identified service statistics, and baseline surveys. In addition, this article summarizes some of the key findings from qualitative interviews with both mentors and AGYW participants, conducted at the conclusion of the program.  Participants generally had a favorable view of the mentoring program, particularly in terms of the curriculum topics they were exposed to, and mentors were also positive about their experiences. Despite the program’s many successes there were some implementation challenges, the most prominent being intermittent participant attendance due to a variety of difficulties. The lessons learned from the implementation of Anyaka Makwiri provide valuable insights for the design and implementation of multicomponent mentoring programs for AGYW.
Measuring Adolescent Participation: Results from a Qualitative Pretest in Cote D’Ivoire and Indonesia
Authors: Gates Carlye , LeBaron Patricia , Flanigan Timothy , Murray Colleen , Cappa Claudia , Garcia-Tapia Ticiana , Fall Soukeynatou , Jijon Isabel
Published: July 2021

Adolescence, or the period of transition between childhood and adulthood, is a significant stage in human development. Not only is it a time of physical growth and neurological development, but it is also a time when many young people begin to expand their networks beyond their family, form close ties with their peers, develop and express their views, and have a greater desire to be involved in decisions that affect them. This act of forming and expressing their views and influencing matters that concern them is sometimes referred to as adolescent participation. When viewed through an international human rights lens, adolescent participation is considered a fundamental right, and consequently, there is a need for reliable and valid measures that accurately assess adolescent participation and allow for internationally comparable data. The purpose of this study was to qualitatively test a draft questionnaire designed to measure adolescent participation. The goal was to gain insight into both how the items would perform cross-culturally and how adolescents’ comprehension and interpretation of different constructs related to adolescent participation. Cognitive interviews were conducted with 123 adolescents aged 10 to 19 in Côte d’Ivoire and Indonesia. This paper describes the development of the draft questionnaire, presents the methods used to pretest the questionnaire, and summarizes the findings. This study reveals important considerations for researchers and practitioners interested in qualitatively pretesting questionnaires with adolescents and in measuring and understanding adolescent participation across a range of international contexts.
Deconstructing the Role of Adult Facilitators in Research Led by Young People
Authors: Cuevas-Parra Patricio
Published: July 2021

Academia and practice have increased their investment in young peoples’ participation. One key approach has been the shift from extracting data from young people to engaging them as researchers. Drawing on 2 case studies with young Syrian refugees and Bangladeshi young people, this paper critically reflects on the tensions between participation, power, and ethics whilst engaging young people as lead researchers. There are dual objectives to young people-led research: (a) the empowerment of young people as investigators and (b) the study of issues important to young people. If not clearly established from the outset, these objectives may be in conflict. In such projects, the process and methodology work to achieve the aims of the study and young people’s participation. The achievement of both objectives of young people-led research is partially dependent on adult facilitators’ support of the research process. This article explores the role of adult professionals towards achieving the goals of rigorous research and young people’s participation. These tensions commonly surface in research with young people and should be addressed by employing sensitive approaches that recognise young people as competent social actors with the ability to engage in research whilst taking into consideration relevant adult engagement and support.
Integrating Positive Youth Development: Insights From International Youth Development Programming
Authors: Lindsay John E. , McGarry Shannon , Satmukhambetova Assem , Raymond Katie , Lesheve Arafat , Jonson Sarah , Neeno Hafez , Williams Cheradee
Published: July 2021

Effective international youth development programs go beyond single-issue interventions—they leverage the entire organization and project life cycle to advance positive youth outcomes. This paper illustrates how positive youth development (PYD) approaches can be adapted for and applied by organizations to promote positive outcomes for young people and communities globally. The article provides 6 insights from the International Youth Foundation’s (IYF) application of PYD principles across diverse youth development programs. Moreover, the authors present practical insights into what is required by practitioners, regardless of geographic boundaries, to effectively engage with, support, and meet the needs of youth and young adults whom they serve. Finally, the article argues that practitioners and funders need to find new ways to measure and value PYD investments and that funders need to make PYD integral across their funding streams.
Longitudinal Research About, and Program Evaluations of, Positive Youth Development in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Methodological Issues and Options
Authors: Lerner Richard M. , Tirrell Jonathan M. , Gansert Patricia K. , Lerner Jacqueline V. , King Pamela Ebstyne , Geldhof G. John , Dowling Elizabeth M. , Sim Alistair T. R.
Published: July 2021

The study of positive youth development (PYD) requires theory-based methodological considerations pertinent to measurement, research and program design, and data analysis. We outline the appropriate steps that researchers and program evaluators must enact to address these methodological foci in their respective attempts to describe, explain, and optimize the course of positive development among diverse youth around the world. We focus on longitudinal (developmental) research designed to evaluate programs promoting PYD in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where life challenges are shaped by multiple adverse situations associated with racism, poverty, gender inequalities, political inequities, and the absence of adequate health and medical resources. Using the Compassion International Study of PYD as a sample case, we suggest how researchers and practitioners might collaborate to enact rigorous, theory-based research aimed at promoting PYD among youth living in LMICs and worldwide.
Enhancing the International Study of Positive Youth Development: Process, Specificity, and the Sample Case of Character Virtues
Authors: Lerner Richard M. , Jervis Pamela , Bornstein Marc H.
Published: July 2021

This article focuses on the interplay of research and practice (research⇔practice integration) in advancing international efforts to understand and enhance positive youth development (PYD). We discuss 3 facets of PYD research and application that have cross-cutting relevance to theory, to the use of theory for designing principles of PYD programs, and to evaluating whether specific instances of youth development programs have features that promote PYD. Using dynamic, relational developmental-systems-based concepts, we discuss the process of development involved in PYD, the use of the specificity principle to frame research and practice and, as a sample case illustrating how PYD research and practice can be advanced through the use of the specificity principle, we focus on one facet of PYD, that is, positive character, or character virtues. We point to important future directions for further illuminating the specificity of PYD process through assessing the developmental neurobiology of PYD, and we emphasize the important contributions that PYD research and practice integration can make worldwide to enhancing youth contributions to equity, social justice, and democracy.
Agency and Empowerment for Adolescent Girls: An Intentional Approach to Policy and Programming
Authors: Banati Prerna , Rumble Lauren , Jones Nicola , Hendriks Sarah
Published: July 2021

As national governments roll out COVID response plans, an opportunity arises to re-cast adolescent girls’ programs to centrally anchor them on girls’ voices, leadership, ambitions, and assets in development policies and programs. Drawing together the evidence on what we know works for adolescent girls, as well as the growing literature on positive strengths-based programming which are gradually and increasingly being applied, this commentary calls for a girl-intentional approach to policy and programming. A girl-intentional approach is described through 3 case studies, which illustrate the additionality of new or improved adolescent knowledge, skills, and competencies; improved opportunities for adolescent engagement, voice, and agency; improved community safety and support; stronger, healthier relationships; and stronger and healthier norms, attitudes, values, and goals. The case studies describe program hooks that facilitate operationalization, point to measurable outcomes, and identify opportunities for scale, including the re-opening of schools. Overall, inter-sectoral solutions that address the myriad of issues affecting an adolescent girl’s life and tackle pervasive gender inequities require greater emphasis by development actors and national governments.