bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In-Text Variation in the Use of Lexical Bundles in a Corpus of Research Articles in Public Health
Authors: Szczygłowska Tatiana
Published: March 2023

This article seeks to contribute to the body of research on the formulaicity of academic written English by adopting a text-internal perspective on the use of lexical bundles across four main rhetorical sections (i.e. Introduction, Method, Results, Discussion) of research articles in public health. The corpus linguistic approach was adopted to explore a section-coded corpus of 200 research papers published in high impact journals with the aim of identifying salient shared and section-specific 4-word bundles, calculating their respective frequencies as well as classifying them structurally and functionally. The results show that the Method is the most formulaic section, containing the greatest number of bundles, including those most frequent and section-specific ones. The sections also differ in the extent to which they exploit the distinct structural and functional categories of shared bundles to fulfill their individual communicative needs.
Corpus of Slovak Legislative Documents
Authors: Garabík Radovan
Published: March 2023

The article describes the construction of the corpus of Slovak legislative documents. By analyzing several statistical values of the source metadata and documents, we efficiently improve corpus quality. We describe the methods used to clean up small variations in metadata, length based discrimination of document and examine the effectiveness of several strategies of deduplication. The corpus is a part of a comparable corpus of legislative documents of seven languages, created in the Multilingual Resources for CEF.AT in the Legal Domain (MARCELL) project.
New Words and Gender Equality in Serbian – Does Discrimination Exist?
Authors: Đorđević Vesna , Janković Jelena , Nikolić Marina
Published: March 2023

We examined the general attitude to new feminine titles, as it formed in the media in 2021, and the overall image of social feminine titles currently prevalent in the Serbian media, all by way of ascertaining the reasons for acceptance or non-acceptance of new social feminine titles that were articulated in the media. Having defined the necessary terms (discrimination, gender equality, social feminine title and so on) and after a brief review of the social context that made social feminine titles a hot topic in the Serbian media in 2021, we analysed the relevant media texts that present the various positions on social feminine titles. The method of qualitative content analysis was applied, as it was deemed the most fitting methodological procedure for extracting both the arguments put forward in favour of, and those against social feminine title use. The research corpus consisted of media texts and official announcements by Serbian linguistic institutions on the subject of social feminine titles, collected from January to September of 2021. The basic assumption was that the dominant attitude in the media texts would be against new feminine title use, but also that both supporters and opponents of new social feminine titles would feel discriminated against, whether the discrimination came via opposition to or, conversely, via obligatory and consistent use of these terms.
Similarities and Differences in Linguistic Discrimination Between Slovak and Hungarian Teachers of Hungarian Language and Literature
Authors: Jánk István
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the presence of linguistic discrimination in pedagogical situations, especially in pedagogical evaluation. The paper is based on a survey which involved 502 Hungarian Language and Literature teachers and teacher trainees from Hungary (N = 216), Slovakia (N = 128), Romania (N = 108) and Ukraine (N = 50). Data were primarily collected through a technique similar to matched-guise tests; however, the method of the present research had some additional complexity. The article discusses similarities and differences in linguistic discrimination between Slovak and Hungarian teachers who teach Hungarian Language and Literature. The question it raises is whether there are any differences between the two samples. The results of the mentioned research show that the presence of linguistic discrimination is powerful in both samples, but there are differences in its strength and realization.
Prediction of Aerobic and Anaerobic Capacity From Selected Oxidative Stress Parameters, Muscle Damage Indices and Inflammatory Markers in Soccer and Hockey Players
Authors: Sarkar Surojit , Dey Swapan Kr , Datta Gouriprosad , Bandyopadhyay Amit
Published: March 2023

Introduction
The aim of the present study was to find the relation of exercise-induced biomarkers (antioxidant, muscle damage, and inflammatory markers) with endurance capacity and anaerobic power. The study also aimed to develop predicting regression models for maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) and relative anaerobic power (Wpeak) to specify the essential performance limiting elements.

Material and Methods
Eighty-six endurance male players (i.e., football (n = 39) and field hockey (n = 47)) were selected as test subjects for the present study. Muscle damage indices (creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), cortisol), inflammatory markers (interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)), antioxidant variables (malondialde-hyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx)) and performance variables (indicated as V̇O2max and Wpeak) were assessed using standard protocols.

Results
The most significant (sig p ---lt--- 0.001) prediction of V̇O2max = (0.763) MDA+ (5.644) SOD+ (0.039) GSH- (0.154) GPx+ (0.002) LDH- (0.011) CK+ (0.038) cortisol+ (1.232) IL+ (1.135) TNF+ 20.018. The strongest correlations were found between V̇O2max vs MDA (R2 = 0.852), V̇O2max vs IL-6 (R2 = 0.589), V̇O2max vs TNF-α (R2 = 0.385).

Conclusions
Artificial neural network perceptron model depicted stronger prediction of V̇O2max (R2 = 0.872) in comparison to Wpeak (R2 = 0.271), with MDA and CK as the major predictors for V̇O2max and Wpeak, respectively. Among all biomarkers, MDA, IL-6, and TNF-α were identified as the most valuable indicators to predict endurance capacity significantly. While MDA, SOD, GPx, IL-6, and TNF-α were strongly correlated with V̇O2max and LDH, cortisol was strongly correlated with Wpeak. Contrarily, exercise-induced biomarkers failed to predict anaerobic power.
The Use of Social Media in City Marketing Communication with Residents and Tourists – User Segmentation
Authors: Gryszel Piotr , Pełka Marcin , Zawadzki Piotr
Published: March 2023

Introduction
Transformations in the area of technology and communication allowing easy access to information resulted in Polish cities facing the challenge of changing their promotional activity. This activity has been largely transferred to social media. The article presents the definition of social media, their classification and the activity of large Polish cities in social media. The analysis of the collected material was carried out using classification trees.

Material and methods
The CAWI method was used to conduct the research in four large cities (Warszawa, Wrocław, Gdańsk and Kraków). It covered 400 residents and 400 tourists. The analysis of the collected material was carried out using classification trees.

Results
The application of classification trees allowed identifying the main factors influencing the frequency of using city profiles in social media by tourists and residents along with distinguishing three segments of residents and three segments of tourists using social media. The size of these segments was analysed, and thus the purpose of carrying out various activities by large tourist cities in social media.

Conclusions
The importance of social media in marketing communication is recognized mostly by large cities. As a result, these cities change their marketing communication strategies because there are sufficiently numerous and relatively homogeneous segments of residents and tourists who receive the message addressed to them through social media. These activities are valued by their recipients since they allow them to interact.
Leisure Activities of Inhabitants of Large Cities in Poland during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Krukowska Renata , Piotrowski Krzysztof
Published: March 2023

Introduction
The main goal of the article is to study the structure of time spent on specific leisure activities in the COVID-19 pandemic by inhabitants of large cities in Poland (in the workweek – weekend cycle).

Material and methods
Time budget research, including leisure, was based on the self-reporting sheet and was conducted in December 2020 on residents of selected cities.

Results
The results indicate differences in the way of spending leisure time concerning social life mainly. The respondents spent most of their leisure time using mass media and the Internet. The time spent on various leisure activities also differed in terms of workweek – weekend. The structure of individual leisure time activities showed that the most common activities during workweek were watching TV and using the Internet. At weekends, the second most popular activity (after watching TV) was home meetings.

Conclusions
An important contribution resulting from this work is the identification and analysis of the variability of leisure activities during the pandemic.
Моллюски из археологического памятника Николаевское II, с дополнительными сведениями о малакофауне Николаевское I (Приморье)
Authors: Лутаенко К.А. , Никитин Ю.Г. , Саенко Е.М.
Published: March 2023

Приводятся сведения по пресноводным и морским моллюскам из раннесредневекового (бохайского) поселения Николаевcкое II (Приморье) и частично расположенного рядом ранее малакологически изученного поселения Николаевское I. Обнаружено три вида морских двустворчатых моллюсков из двух семейств – Anadara kagoshimensis (Tokunaga, 1906) (Николаевское I), Anadara talmiensis Kalishevich, 1976 (оба памятника) и Glycymeris yessoensis (Sowerby III, 1889) (оба памятника); два вида морских брюхоногих моллюсков – Batillaria attramentaria (G.B. Sowerby II, 1855) (Batillariidae) и представитель семейства Collumbellidae (не определен до рода и вида). В списке пресноводных моллюсков один вид двустворчатых и один вид брюхоногих моллюсков: жемчужница Dahurinaia dahurica (Middendorff, 1850) и гастропода Juga amurensis (Gerstfeldt, 1859). Обсуждаются вопросы использования раковин бохайским населением, пути доставки на городище и видовое богатство в сравнении с другими памятниками этого времени. Ключевые слова: моллюски, археологические памятники Николаевское I, II, Бохай, Приморье.
Musculus minutus Scarlato, 1960 (Mytilidae) – новый вид двустворчатого моллюска для российских вод Японского моря
Authors: Колпаков Е.В. , Савельев П.А. , Волвенко И.Е.
Published: March 2023

Сообщается о первом обнаружении в российских водах Японского моря двустворчатого моллюска Musculus minutus Scarlato, 1960 (Mytilidae). Четырнадцать живых особей (L=2.7–7.2 мм) собраны в июне 2021 г. в водах северного Приморья в диапазоне глубин 49–67 м на песчано-илистом и илистом грунте на двух станциях с координатами: 44°39.30′ с.ш. и 136°12.00′ в.д.; 44°28.60′ с.ш. и 136°08.20′ в.д. Приведено иллюстрированное описание раковины. Обобщены данные по экологии и ареалу вида. Ключевые слова: двустворчатый моллюск, Musculus minutus Scarlato, 1960, Mytilidae, распространение, северное Приморье, Японское море.
Yulaf Ezmeli ve Yaban Mersinli Çikolatanın Bazı Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: Üzümcü Zehra , Özsisli Bahri
Published: March 2023

Bu çalışmada besinsel lif ve β-glukan yönünden zengin fonksiyonel bir gıda olan yulaf ezmesi ile fenolik maddelerce zengin, yüksek antioksidan içeren yaban mersini kurusu çikolatada katkı olarak kullanılmıştır. Yaban mersini kurusu ve yulaf ezmesi 1:1 oranında karıştırılarak elde edilen karışım sütlü kuvertür çikolataya %10, 20, 30, 40, 50 oranlarında ilave edilmiş ve kalorisi düşük ve sağlıklı bir ürün elde edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Hazırlanan katkılı çikolata örneklerinin nem, kül, karbonhidrat, yağ, protein, selüloz, şeker ve enerji değerleri saptanmış ve örneklerin genel görünüş ve genel kabul edilebilirlik özellikleri duyusal olarak incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda kuvertür çikolataya eklenen yulaf ezmesi ve yaban mersini kurusu karışımı örneklerinin nem değeri (%0,35-4,90), kül içeriği (%2,24-1,43), karbonhidrat değeri (%55,82-66,57), yağ miktarı (%33,20-20,05), protein miktarı (%8,49-7,09), selüloz miktarı (1,03-1,90), şeker miktarı (%39,30-46,87) ve enerji değerleri (%467,57-550,86) olarak belirlenmiştir. Duyusal analiz sonuçlarına göre ise yulaf ezmesi ve yaban mersini kurusu karışımının çikolatadaki miktarı arttıkça tercih edilme oranının azaldığı görülmüştür.
Auswirkungen der neuen Dossieranforderungen
Authors:   AMS Advanced Medical Services GmbH, Schweitzer Dr. rer. nat. Maria Katharina
Published: March 2023

Seit der Einführung des Arzneimittelmarktneuordnungsgesetzes (AMNOG) im Jahr 2011 sind pharmazeutische Unternehmer (pU) in Deutschland verpflichtet, beim Inverkehrbringen von neuen Arzneimitteln oder einer Zulassungserweiterung ein Dossier zur Nutzenbewertung nach § 35a SGB V einzureichen (Bundestag, 2010). Anhand dieses Nutzendossiers sowie auf Grundlage der Dossierbewertung durch das Institut für Wirtschaftlichkeit im Gesundheitswesen (IQWiG) entscheidet der Gemeinsame Bundesausschuss (G‑BA) über einen Zusatznutzen (ZN) des zu bewertenden Arzneimittels (zbAM) gegenüber einem vom G‑BA festgelegten Komparator, der zweckmäßigen Vergleichstherapie (zVT). Für die Erstellung des aus fünf unterschiedlichen Modulen zusammengesetzten Nutzendossiers müssen vorgegebene Dokumentvorlagen verwendet werden (Gemeinsamer Bundesausschuss, 2022). Diese Dossiervorlagen fragen unterschiedliche Informationen zum zbAM ab. Insbesondere Modul 4 erfordert eine umfangreiche und sehr detaillierte Aufbereitung von Studiendaten und Auswertungen durch den pU.
SURGICAL APPROACH IN ACUTE CHOLECYSTITIS COMPLICATED BY BOTH CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS AND OBSTRUCTIVE JAUNDICE
Authors:   Department of Surgical Diseases № 1, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Dushanbe, Tajikistan, KURBONOV, K.M. , NAZIRBOEV K.R. ,   Department of Surgical Diseases № 1, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Dushanbe, Tajikistan, SAIDOV R.KH. ,   Department of Surgical Diseases № 1, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Dushanbe, Tajikistan, SULTONOV B.D. ,   Department of Surgical Diseases № 1, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Dushanbe, Tajikistan
Published: March 2023

Objective: To improve the results of surgical treatment of acute cholecystitis complicated by both choledocholithiasis and obstructive jaundice. Methods: The study is based on the results of complex diagnosis and treatment of 140 patients with acute cholecystitis (AC), with complicated choledocholithiasis and mechanical jaundice. Seventy-six of patients (54.3%) had medium and severe obstructive jaundice, and 64 (45.7%) had slight mechanical jaundice. In 28 (43.75%) observations cholecystocholedocholithiasis, complicated by mechanical jaundice, was not accompanied by systemic inflammatory complications, in the remaining 36 (56.25%) observations there was cholangitis (n = 16) and biliary sepsis (n = 20). Results: Surgical approach consisted of the step-by-step approach in all 140 patients. Thus, in 64 (45.7%) observations in the presence of choledocholithiasis and mechanical jaundice, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was performed in the first stage with an attempt of endoscopic papillosphincterotomy (EPST) and lithoextraction. In 18 cases, with phlegmonous-calculous cholecystitis and choledocholithiasis with mechanical jaundice, combined interventions were performed – percutaneous transhepatic cholecystostomy with EPST and lithoextraction. Of the 38 patients with slight mechanical jaundice, in 20 cases, the first stage was performed by percutaneoustranshepatic cholecystostomy, in 18 – by percutaneous cholecystomy through infiltration (n = 10) and drainage techniques for perivesical abscess (n = 8). In 38 cases, with gangrenous cholecystitis (n = 28), gallbladder empyema (n = 6) and local biliary peritonitis (n = 4), cholecystectomy was performed from mini-laparotomy access followed by choledocholithotomy. Conclusion: Surgical approach with AC, in complicated choledocholithiasis and in obstructive jaundice, should be differentiated and justify the implementation of phased minimally invasive surgical procedures. Keywords: Acute cholecystitis, choledocholithiasis, obstructive jaundice.
DETECTION OF DRUG ALLERGY ON ANTITUBERCULOSIS DRUGS USING LEUKOCYTES LYSIS SENSIBILIZATION REACTION AND TOTAL IMMUNOGLOBULIN E
Authors:   Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, National Center for Phthisiology, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic, DUDENKO E.V. , SYDYKOVA S. ,   Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, National Center for Phthisiology, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
Published: March 2023

Objective: Detecting the presence of drug allergy (DA) for anti-TB preparations on the basis of the studying of the immune mechanisms of DA in tuberculosis. Methods: Performed identification of the first and fourth types of DA for anti-tuberculosis drugs in 163 tuberculosis (TB) patients. Tuberculosis of the lungs (TBL) was diagnosed in 109 (66.9%) patients, of which 43 (39.4%) had multiple drug resistance (MDR) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and 66 (60.6%) – drug sensitivity (DS). Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPLT) was detected in 54 (33.1%) of the 163 patients examined. We used a leukocyte lysis sensibilization reaction (LLSR) and quantified the concentration of total immunoglobulin of E class (IgE) by immunoferment analysis (IFA). The material of the study served as the samples of peripheral blood. Results: Positive LLSR+ for one or more drugs was detected in 103 (63.2%) of the 163 patients with TB, weakly positive LLSR± in one or more drugs – in 43 (26.4%) and negative LLSR- for all studied drugs – in 17 (10.4%) patients with TB. The highest relative number of LLSR+ showed an examination in DA of MDR TBL patients (30 of 43 patients, or 69.8%). The greatest relative number of questionable (or weakly positive) results of LLSR was found in patients with EPLT (17 of 54 patients, or 31.5%). The highest relative number of negative results of the LLSR- was for the time being the examination in DA of patients with DS TBL (9 of 66, or 13.6%). In patients with DS and MDR TBL, the total IgE level was 140.6±52.3 and 147.0±70.1 IU/ml, respectively. The highest level of IgE (172.0±68.1 IU/ml) was detected in patients with EPLT. Conclusion: Leukocytes reactions to incubation with anti-tuberculosis drugs (the fourth type of DA) was detected in 146 (89.6%) of patients with TB from 163 patients (LLSR+ and LLSR±), and the absence of this leukocyte reaction for all the drugs studied – in 17 (10.4%) of patients with TB from 163 surveyed with suspicion of DA (LLSR-). The highest level of IgE (172.0±68.1 IU/ml) was detected in patients with EPLT. Keywords: Tuberculosis, drug allergy, anti-tuberculosis drugs, leukocytes.
USE OF ACCELERATED METHODS OF DETECTION OF MULTI-DRUG RESISTANT EXTRAPULMONRY TUBERCULOSIS
Authors:   Department of Bones and Joints Tuberculosis Surgery, National Center for Phthisiology, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic, KOZHOMKULOV D.K. , MUKANBAEV K.M. ,   Department of Extrapulmonary Surgery, National Center for Phthisiology, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic, KOZHOMKULOV M.D. ,   Department of Bones and Joints Tuberculosis Surgery, National Center for Phthisiology, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic, KUDAYBERDIEV T. KH. ,   Department of Extrapulmonary Surgery, National Center for Phthisiology, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic, BOTOBEKOV О.R. ,   Department of Bones and Joints Tuberculosis Surgery, National Center for Phthisiology, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic, BAYNAZAROV E.A. ,   Department of Bones and Joints Tuberculosis Surgery, National Center for Phthisiology, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
Published: March 2023

Objective: To evaluate modern diagnostic methods in identifying extrapulmonary forms of tuberculosis (EPT) with drug resistance. Methods: To examine the time limits and identification of circumstances and diagnostics in EPT considered TB-06 registration forms for 2017, № 003/U (case history) of the 56 primary diagnosed patients registered for 2017-2018 in the National Center for Phthisiology. Results: The incidence of EPT in Kyrgyzstan in 2017 was 23.9 per 100 thousand of the population. According to TB-06 forms, extrapulmonary tuberculosis is only 1650 cases. 862 sowings were carried out, of which 503 were negative (58%). Positive results of sowings were 359 (42%). In 333 cases, a drug sensitivity test was performed: resistant forms were 192 (57.6%) and sensitive – 141 (42.4%) cases. Conclusion: From modern methods noted the high use of BactecMGIT and molecular genetic methods of research, which shortens the diagnosis time and promotes to the timely start of the treatment process. Keywords: Tuberculosis, extrapulmonary, bones and joints, urogenital, peripheral lymph nodes, abdominal, multiple drug resistance.
THE INFLUENCE OF BCG VACCINATION ON THE STRUCTURE OF CLINICAL FORMS OF TUBERCULOSIS IN CHILDREN FROM THE FOCI OF INFECTION AND FROM UNSPECIFIED CONTACT FOR TUBERCULOSIS
Authors:   Department of Phthisiopulmonology, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan, SIRODJIDINOVA U.YU. , BOBOKHOJAEV O.I. ,   Department of Phthisiopulmonology, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan, PIROV K.I. ,   Department of Phthisiopulmonology, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan, KOSIMOVA D.M. ,   "Development Partners", Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
Published: March 2023

Objective: To study the frequency of detection of severe forms of tuberculosis in vaccinated and unvaccinated BCG vaccine in children from foci of infection. Methods: There were 279 children with tuberculosis from the foci of infection: 178 (group I) of unvaccinated BCG and 101 (group II) vaccinated with BCG vaccine. In turn, these two groups were divided into two subgroups: non-vaccinated children from foci of infection (Ia) and unvaccinated children with unidentified contact (Ib) and vaccinated children from foci of infection (IIa) and with unidentified contact (IIb). An assessment was made of the forms of the disease, the frequency and nature of the complicated course of tuberculosis in vaccinated and non-vaccinated children. Results: Severe forms such as tuberculous meningitis and disseminated tuberculosis were more likely to occur in the group of children not vaccinated with BCG vaccine at birth – 17.2% (p<0.05 compared with the group of vaccinated children). In vaccinated children, tuberculosis meningitis was established in 5.6%, and in non-vaccinated patients, this age group is almost twice as likely (9.3%). Disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis was detected in non-vaccinated children under the age of 6 years in 10.0% of cases and in one vaccinated child (2.1%). In children aged 7 to 17 years, these rates were 7.4% and 5.6% respectively. In vaccinated children, up to six years of age were established in 80.9% of all cases of tuberculosis, primary tuberculosis complex (29.8%) or tuberculosis of the intrathoracic lymph nodes (51.1%). Conclusion: Thus, it can be argued that within six years after vaccination persists the body's ability to resist tuberculosis infection and in case of disease, severe forms of tuberculosis do not occur in vaccinated children. At the same time, as the BCG vaccine expires, the number of severe and common forms of tuberculosis increases. Therefore, the need for vaccination with BCG vaccine is evident, to prevent severe forms of the disease including such severe form of the disease, as tuberculous meningitis. Keywords: BCG vaccination, clinical forms, efficacy.
Voluntary Assets and Income Declaration Scheme a Panacea to Tax Evasion in Edo State, Nigeria
Authors: Aidonojie Paul Atagamen
Published: March 2023

In Edo State, taxation is a primary revenue-generating tool often used to finance most public projects. It is apt to state that most individuals residing in Edo State are into small, medium, and large-scale businesses. However, business owners in Edo State often evade and avoid tax payments for the following reasons; taxes leveled on citizens or companies are numerous, excessive tax rates, and others. Given this, several taxpayers in Edo State have not been able to remit tax due for several years and without the hope of remitting the same. It is concerning that this study tends to adopt a hybrid research methodology in exploring the process of localizing the Voluntary Assets and Income Declaration Scheme (VAIDS) policy. In order to curb tax evasion and avoidance and generate more revenue in Edo State. The study, therefore, found that there is a high level of tax evasion and avoidance and that localizing the VAIDS policy will help curtail incidences of tax evasion and avoidance. It was, therefore, recommended and concluded that localizing the voluntary asset and income declaration scheme in Edo State will be an appropriate tax tool for curbing tax evasion and avoidance and improving internally generated revenue.
Implementation of Litigation Mediation in Resolving Medical Negligence Disputes Between Patients and Health Workers
Authors: Kusworo Daffa Ladro , Fauzi Maghfira Nur Khaliza
Published: March 2023

Negligence in current medical disputes has not yet obtained legal settlement efforts for both parties, either between the patient, the medical staff, or the hospital. Efforts to resolve medical disputes can be done through two methods: litigation and non-litigation mediation. Determining a dispute resolution model with alternative efforts will minimize doctors' worries as well as stimulate medical personnel to improve the health system and existing errors will become an evaluation of health services later, especially also preventing doctors, patients and other parties from being confronted until a court decision actually damages a person's reputation. doctor. Apart from that, it is also an effort to relieve patient conflict, making it possible for patients undergoing treatment to receive reasonable compensation. Medical disputes should emphasize settlement through the ADR route because it not only provides benefits for both parties but also obtains legal guarantees from each party in court in Indonesia. Because when compared to dispute resolution outside the court, litigation mediation offers more integrative offers because it does not require high costs, takes a long time, and does not incline any party by upholding a win-win solution. This study uses a normative legal research method with a statutory and literature study approach and uses descriptive analysis by applying a deductive method. The results of the study show the effectiveness of the implementation of litigation mediation and penal mediation reform in the criminal law system in Indonesia.
Control Air Pollution to The Sustainable Development Goals Vietnam Perspective
Authors: Thao Le Thi , Anh Phan Vinh Tuan
Published: March 2023

The trend of globalization has brought great opportunities, creating favorable conditions for all countries in the world to promote and successfully implement the socio-economic growth goals set out. However, it also poses many challenges in protecting and preserving the natural living environment, which naturally plays the role of external conditions to create and maintain the life and development of humans and creatures. The process of industrialization and modernization has been strongly promoted, leading to a severe decline in the function and usefulness of environmental components in cities around the world and Vietnam. Many countries have taken systematic regulatory actions against air pollution. The method used in this research is the normative juridical method. The normative juridical method is a method using secondary data such as the law and regulations in force in Vietnam, especially those related to air pollution and suitable developments. The authors clarify the point of view on the current state of Vietnamese legislation on air pollution control. Existing issues in the polluted-air controlling policy are clarified. The study's results so that improving the law on control, management, technical regulations on air pollution control, responsibilities of relevant agencies and sanctions for polluting acts proposed air pollution in order to prevent and limit “barriers” towards the goal of sustainable development.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE RIGHT TO OBTAIN LEGAL ASSISTANCE FOR UNDERPRIVILEGED CITIZENS DURING THE INVESTIGATION
Authors: Yudha Oktri Sasmita
Published: March 2023

Legal Aid is a fundamental right granted to suspects or defendants, intended to assist them throughout the various stages of the legal process. During the investigative phase, it is mandatory for investigators to ensure that suspects are allowed the presence of legal advisors, irrespective of the suspects' economic status. This provision is crucial for treating suspects as subjects rather than objects, ensuring they receive equitable treatment under the law without discrimination based on financial capability. The focus of this article is on the challenges encountered in providing legal aid to economically disadvantaged individuals during the investigation stage, particularly regarding the financial constraints that hinder this provision. The research employs a normative empirical methodology utilizing a statutory approach to address these issues. The findings and discussions of this research reveal that several measures are necessary to enhance the effectiveness of legal aid. These include improving the quality of advocates’ human resources, establishing a joint commitment or agreement among law enforcement officials on the implementation of legal aid provisions, and implementing strict rewards and punishments for Legal Aid Organizations.
LEGAL PROTECTION OF INDIGENOUS INSTITUTIONS IN THE FRAME OF THE RULE OF LAW (LEGAL PROTECTION THEORY)
Authors: Salam Safrin
Published: March 2023

This normative legal research conducted using statutory regulations examined several regulation regarding the protection of indigenous institutions that included Article 18b paragraph 2 of the 1945 Constitution, 18B paragraph (2), Article 28D paragraph (1), Article 28G paragraph (1), and Article 28I paragraph (3), and the organic regulations under them. The results of the study show that Indonesia as a State is obliged to protect the natural rights of humans themselves, namely customary law communities based on the Decision of the constitutional court no. 35/puu/ix/2012 referred to as customary rights in both private law and public law. John Locke's theory of protection provides legal protection for rechtgemeschappen, which needs further juridical and sociological review. Futhermore, customary institutional protection norms in Indonesia need to be adhusted by carrying out a legal review (reviewing) of legal regulations and Article 18b, Paragraph 2 of the 1945 Constitution, Article 6 of Law Number 39 of 1999 concerning human rights, Constitutional Court Decision Number 35/puu-ix/2012 Ministerial Regulation of the Ministry of Home Affairs Number 52 of 2014 concerning the recognition and protection of customary law communities, and Circular Letter Number 3/se/iv/2014 regarding the determination of the existence of Masyarakat Hukum Adat and ulayat lands.
Poder y estrategia: elementos para la supervivencia del Estado
Authors: Montero-Moncada Luis Alexander
Published: March 2023

Poder y estrategia es una apuesta intelectual e investigativa para abordar las discusiones contemporáneas del empleo del poder militar, la estrategia y los estudios de seguridad y defensa. Por un lado, a nivel teórico, los autores profundizan en el interés nacional, mientas que, por otro, analizan las formas de empleo de las herramientas estratégicas para la proyección del poder del Estado, tales como la disuasión, la obligación, la negación de área, la intervención, la contención y la interferencia, entre otros. El texto, además, presenta el contexto estratégico y de seguridad y defensa de Colombia, así como las capacidades de las Fuerzas Militares para el desarrollo de estas herramientas de poder estratégico, llegando a evaluar e identificar los posibles momentos de aplicación y las capacidades que deben adquirirse para desplegarlos en función del poder y del interés. Con todos estos elementos, este libro reúne las condiciones para posicionarse como un título fundamental de consulta en los campos de estudio de la Estrategia, la Seguridad y Defensa y las Relaciones Internacionales por su novedosa propuesta y calidad académica.
The effects of interaction types and written language use on learning key expressions in learner-led activities
Authors:   The Korea Association Of Primary English Education, Lee Seungmin , Kim Jinyoung , Kim Hyewon , Son Hyejin , Hwang Injeong
Published: March 2023

The aim of this study was to examine how different types of interactions (interaction and intra-action) and the use of written language can impact in learning key expressions through learner-led activities. Four learner-led activities were designed to encourage interaction among elementary school students, which were then implemented on 5th grade students. The study recorded the students’ interaction patterns, and conducted pre- and post-tests to analyze the effects of interaction types and written language use on fluency, accuracy, and linguistic knowledge related to key expressions for the activities. The main findings indicate that interaction was more effective in enhancing the learning of key expressions, with a larger effect size. Additionally, the use of written language was found to be more effective in promoting the learning of key expressions, also with a larger effect size. These results offer valuable insights for designing learner-led activities that emphasize interaction among learners.
Perfil sociodemográfico e clínico de crianças com duplo diagnóstico de Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade (TDAH) e Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA)
Authors: Serra Ana Clara Lima , Oliveira Emanuelle Mayane do Nascimento , Paes Lívia Moreira , Lima Allan Mateus da Silva , Alfaia Diego Mansur , Araújo Matheus Sodré de , Rocha Larissa Salgado de Oliveira
Published: March 2023

Objetivo: Traçar o perfil sociodemográfico e clínico de crianças com duplo diagnóstico de Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade (TDAH) e Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA). Métodos: Estudo observacional, transversal e descritivo com uma abordagem quantitativa, baseada nas informações presentes nos prontuários do público infantil entre 3 e 14 anos de ambos os sexos com diagnóstico de TDAH e TEA atendidos no Serviço de Atendimento em Reabilitação (SABER) situado em Belém do Pará. Resultado: Maior parte da amostra composta por participantes entre 7-10 anos (63,4%) do sexo masculino (78%), idade materna (43,9%) dentro da margem de risco para o diagnóstico (> 35 anos). Observou-se resultados significativos para Idade paterna (p=0,035), tipo de parto (p=0,034) e tempo de acompanhamento (p=0,029) quando relacionados ao sexo dos pacientes. Não se encontrou relevância entre características clínicas e renda familiar (p>0,05). Conclusão:  O estudo mostrou a relação do perfil sociodemográfico e clínico que foi maior em crianças do sexo masculino a termo que obtiveram diagnóstico tardio para as patologias e com fatores de risco relacionados a idade dos pais acima de 35 anos.
Humanização em neonatologia na perspectiva dos enfermeiros
Authors: Barros Sirley Costa de , Parente Andressa Tavares , Soares Fábio Pereira , Melo Ana Paula Pantoja , Castro Nádile Juliane Costa de , Rodrigues Diego Pereira , Coelho Larissa Aline Costa , Reis Laena Costa dos , Martins Maria Eduarda Libório , Cardoso Michelle Quaresma
Published: March 2023

Objetivo: Conhecer a percepção dos profissionais enfermeiros sobre a aplicabilidade da Política Nacional de Humanização no setor de neonatologia. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo descritivo-exploratório, de abordagem qualitativa, realizado através de entrevista com 20 (vinte) enfermeiros atuantes nos ambientes da neonatologia em um hospital de referência materno infantil na região Norte. A análise ocorreu através da Análise de Conteúdo, com o auxílio do software IRAMUTEQ por meio do método de Reinert. Resultados: Através do estudo definiu-se seis categorias alinhadas ao objetivo proposto: práticas humanizadas na neonatologia, humanização no contexto institucional e profissional, a relevância da humanização no contexto neonatal, avanços e entraves da humanização em neonatologia, método canguru como norteador do cuidado humanizado ao recém-nascido e a política de humanização na integralidade do cuidado. Conclusão: Observou-se que os enfermeiros percebem as mudanças ocorridas na assistência, advindas com a Política Nacional de Humanização dentro do ambiente neonatal, desde o contexto institucional até o profissional, efetivado através da prestação da assistência tanto do recém-nascido como de sua família, além da criação de um ambiente acolhedor. Porém, apresenta ainda seus desafios diários no cotidiano do cuidado.
Marginal ridge alignment and interproximal bone levels: Evaluation of a possible correlation
Authors: Ramina Fabio , Cremonini Francesca , Pellitteri Federica , Cavazza Michele , Lombardo Luca
Published: March 2023

Objectives:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether there is a relationship between the alignment or misalignment of the marginal ridges of posterior teeth and the degree of resorption of interproximal alveolar bone.

Material and Methods:

Intraoral scans and bitewing radiographs were performed on 50 subjects. The bitewing radiographs were analyzed using the VixWinTM Platinum software, measuring the distance between the cementitious junction and the alveolar ridge at the interproximal level for 32 sites for each patient, defined as bitewing scores. The digital models have been oriented in the three dimensions using the Rhinoceros 3D and the linear distance between two contiguous marginal ridges was measured for each interproximal space. To estimate the entity of the correlation, a separate linear regression was performed on the bitewing score for each mouth quadrant. Using the t-test the significance of each estimated coefficient was determinate (P < 0.05).

Results:

In the general comparison including all the analyzed elements, the independent variables are partially correlated with each other. Apparently, the relationship between independent and dependent variables appears to be insignificant. Comparing groups of teeth, however, there seems to be a statistically significant correlation (P < 0.05) between canine and lower first premolar in the XZ and YZ planes and between lower first and second molars in the three dimensions.

Conclusion:

There seems to be a poor correlation at a general level between periodontal conditions of the alveolar bone and the degree of alignment of the marginal ridges.
Management of moderate crowding by two-arch distalization using passive self-ligating lingual brackets, in-house digital indirect bonding, and mini-screw anchorage: A case report
Authors: Anh Nguyen Viet , Son Tong Minh , Ngoc Vo Truong Nhu , Anh Nguyen Thuy
Published: March 2023

This case report presents the management of an adult patient with moderate crowding in both arches and anterior crossbite with passive self-ligating lingual brackets. The orthodontic setup and bracket positioning was done digitally with an in-house approach. Virtual setup and bracket placement was performed on Autolign software (Diorco, Gyeonggi-do, Korea). The indirect bonding trays were vacuum-formed on printed malocclusion models with resin brackets. Two palatal and two buccal shelf miniscrews were used for two-arch distalization to correct proclined incisors and anterior open bite after leveling and alignment stage. After 12-month treatment, normal overbite,overjet and well-aligned dentition were achieved without premolar extraction. The incisors were uprighted slightly and the protrusive lower lip was retracted with improvement of facial harmony. One-year retention records confirmed that the outcome was stable. In-house digital setup and bracket placement could be a cost-effective approach for indirect lingual bracket bonding. Two-arch distalization with miniscrew anchorage may have the possibility of managing moderate crowding cases without premolar extraction or interproximal stripping.
Ganzheitliche Bewertung von Wärmepumpensystemen
Authors: Bumann Felix , Panitz Felix , Felsmann Clemens
Published: March 2023

Es erfolgt ein ganzheitlicher Vergleich der Systeme Luftwärmepumpe und Sole-Wasser-Wärmepumpe für ein Bestandsgebäude. Für die Bewertung der Umweltfreundlichkeit bzw. Klimaschutzwirksamkeit werden die CO2-äquivalenten Treibhausgasemissionen (THG-Emissionen) und der nicht-erneuerbare Primärenergiebedarf (KEV) der Systeme bilanziert. Für den fairen Vergleich werden Systeme mit investkostengleichen Gesamtinvestitionen gebildet, indem die Luftwärmepumpe zusätzlich um eine PV-Anlage ergänzt wird.
Interchain Expanded Extra-Large Pore Zeolites
Authors: Gao Zihao Rei , Yu Huajian , Chen Fei-Jian , Li Xintong , Mayoral Alvaro , Niu Zijian , Niu Ziwen , Deng Hua , Márquez-Álvarez Carlos , He Hong , Xu Hao , Fan Wei , Balestra Salvador R. G. , Li Jian , Wu Peng , Yu Jihong , Camblor Miguel A.
Published: March 2023

Stable aluminosilicate zeolites with extra-large pores open through rings of more than 12 tetrahedra are in demand to process molecules larger than those currently manageable. However, until very recently, they proved elusive. Here we report a new strategy based on an interchain expansion design concept that yields thermally and hydrothermally stable silicates by expansion of a one dimensional (1D) silicate chain with an intercalated silylating agent that separates and connects the chains. As a result, new types of zeolites zeolites with extra-large pores delimited by 20, 16, and 16 Si tetrahedra along the three crystallographic directions, respectively, are obtained. The as-made inter-chain expanded zeolite contains dangling Si-CH3 groups that by calcination connect to each other resulting in a true, fully connected 3D zeolite framework with a very low density, just slightly above that of water. Additionally, it features triple four ring units never seen before in any type of zeolite. Ti can be introduced in this zeolite to obtain a catalyst active in the liquid-phase oxidation of bulky alkenes that shows promise in the industrially relevant clean production of propylene oxide using cumene hydroperoxide as an oxidant.
Role of Iron in Epidermal Healing and Infection
Authors: Boncheva Idia
Published: March 2023

In recent years, the field of iron studies has expanded into sub-domains that investigate the regulation of this metal in various tissues including the heart, mucosal surfaces, tumours, and the skin. Iron homeostasis in the skin and the role of other non-hepatic cells in the regulation of iron are currently incompletely understood. This paper summarizes the role of iron in wound healing, highlights the importance of maintaining iron concentrations within an intermediate range to avoid toxicity or defects; and integrates the antimicrobial role, interactions, and regulation of various cell types. Notably, the autoregulation of hepcidin secretion by keratinocytes and recruited myeloid cells is described. Additionally, the potential therapeutic role of iron chelators in infection control and their mechanisms of action are explored. This paper aims to elucidate the relevance of local iron control in epidermal infections. Although some of the molecular details underlying this condition remain unclear, published data suggest that iron-regulating therapies are a promising treatment for the eradication of skin infections due to their wound-healing and immune-modulating potential.
Acts of Citizenship in Time and Space among Agricultural Migrant Workers in Quebec during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Candiz Guillermo , Basok Tanya , Bélanger Danièle
Published: March 2023

Migrant farm workers recruited under Canada’s temporary employment programs work in difficult environments, under poor working conditions, and live in unsafe housing in remote rural communities. Fearful of repatriation or replacement, many accept their working and living conditions as part of a necessary sacrifice to improve their living conditions and those of their families in the countries of origin. At the same time, some migrant farm workers assert their agency by escaping from farms, subverting regulations, or challenging various forms of discipline used to control their bodies and activities. Following Isin and Nielsen (2008), we refer to these actions as “acts of citizenship.” Drawing on research conducted among migrant farm workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in the province of Quebec, Canada, we situate these acts, particularly the tendency to escape from abusive and exploitative working relationships, in a particular space and time shaped by the COVID-19 pandemic. More specifically, we demonstrate the link between these acts and certain conditions and opportunities that arose at that time, such as increased support for migrant farmworkers by a non-governmental organization and the facilitation of movement of migrant farmworkers across the Canada-U.S.-border by the “migration industry.”
Bare Statistical Evidence and the Right to Security
Authors: Adams N. P.
Published: March 2023

Courts and jurors sometimes refuse to assign liability to defendants on the basis of statistics alone, despite their apparent reliability. I argue that this refusal is best understood as a recognition of defendants’ right to security. Understood as a robust good in Philip Pettit’s sense, security requires that someone risking harm to others’ protected interests adopt a disposition of concern that controls against wrongfully harming them. Since trials risk harm, the state must adopt such a disposition. Statistics leave open the possibility of innocence and so wrongful harm in a way that the state cannot ignore; if it does use such statistics, it makes defendants wrongfully insecure. This explanation of the problem of bare statistical evidence is especially apt because security grounds the right to a fair trial and judicial procedural rights more generally.
Ethical Veganism and Free Riding
Authors: Barrett Jacob , Raskoff Sarah
Published: March 2023

The animal agriculture industry causes animals a tremendous amount of pain and suffering. Many ethical vegans argue that we therefore have an obligation to abstain from animal products in order to reduce this suffering. But this argument faces a challenge: thanks to the size and structure of the animal agriculture industry, any individual’s dietary choices are overwhelmingly unlikely to make a difference. In this paper, we criticize common replies to this challenge and develop an alternative argument for ethical veganism. Specifically, we argue that individuals should abstain from animal products because vegans, as a group, successfully reduce animal suffering, and individuals are obligated to participate in, rather than free ride on, this collective endeavor. Or, at the very least, individuals have strong reasons to purchase fewer inhumanely raised animal products—even if they are not obligated to go vegan per se.
In Search of a Stable Consensus
Authors: Hédoin Cyril
Published: March 2023

Rawls’s political turn is the result of his struggle with the problem of stability in his theory of justice. Rawls’s late solution uses the concept of public reason. It requires that the members of the well-ordered society should abide by a political conception of justice for shared public reasons, thus fostering an overlapping consensus. This solution has been criticized by post-Rawlsian scholars endorsing a Diversity-Convergence account of the stability problem. I complement Rawls’s model of public reason by arguing that the stability problem can be solved if members of the well-ordered society are community-based reasoners. This leads to a Wittgensteinian reinterpretation of the concept of public reason. This solution is only partial, however. At the bottom, stability without a minimal form of consensus is unlikely.