bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
КОСМИЧЕСКИЙ МОНИТОРИНГ КАК СРЕДСТВО ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ГЕОЛОГОРАЗВЕДКИ
Authors:   академик Национальной академии наук и Национальной инженерной академии Республики Казахстан, МОЛДАБЕКОВ М.
Published: March 2021

В своем Послании народу Казахстана от 1 сентября 2020 г. Глава государства К.К. Токаев сказал: «Длительный нефтяной суперцикл, похоже, завершился. Следует быть готовым к совершенно новой конъюнктуре мирового рынка. Создание по-настоящему диверсифицированной, технологичной экономики для нас не просто необходимость, этот путь уже безальтернативен». Поэтому, как отметил далее Глава государства, новый экономический курс нашей страны должен базироваться на семи основных принципах, среди которых он назвал принцип роста производительности, повышение сложности и технологичности экономики, и при этом мы должны исходить из наших конкурентных преимуществ и реальных возможностей.
FEATURES OF CONSTRUCTION OF GEOSTATIC MODELS OF DEPOSITS IN AKSHABULAK SEDIMENTS OF ARYSKUM TROUGH
Authors:   KAZPETROL GROUP LLP, Director of the Department of Geology and Development, ZHUMADIL A.M. , AMREYEV D.M. ,   RES LLP, Senior Geoscientist;, BALGYMBEKOVA A.Z. ,   RES LLP, Chief Geologist-Sedimentologist;, PRIVALOV A.S. ,   KAZPETROL GROUP LLP, Chief Geologist;, ESETOV G. ,   KAZPETROL GROUP LLP, Head of Geology Department;, SHIN V. ,   KAZPETROL GROUP LLP, Leading Geologist
Published: March 2021

The features of constructing a geostatic model (GSM) of the Akshabulak productive horizon in the composition of oil-saturated reservoirs Yu-0-0, Yu-0-1, Yu-0-2 and Yu-0-3 are considered. Modern approaches to the integration of the accumulated geological and geophysical data into the GSM require the necessary work, primarily such as sedimentological examination of the core and its integration with the results of logging and seismic data. The correct formulation of the problem, its support by the customer at all stages, due to which a close connection between the performed studies and production requests was ensured, were the key to obtaining a high-quality result when solving a seemingly ordinary modeling problem
TO THE QUESTION ABOUT DEEP OIL OF THE SOUTH TORGAY BASIN
Authors:   candidate of geological and mineralogical sciences, president's advisor, TURKOV О.S.
Published: March 2021

South Torgai basin is located in the south of and is the youngest oil and gas region discovered in Kazakhstan at the end of the last century. Shallow depths of reservoirs containing high-quality sulfurless oil are the main incentive for a return in the search for new deposits in the basin They are carried out according to the method developed on the basis of the hypothesis of the sedimentary genesis of oil. New data on the structure of the basin and its productivity obtained already at the beginning of the 21st century indicate that deep oil deposits are also found in the basin, which significantly increases the prospects for the discovery of new deposits and oil and gas fields in the region
DEVELOPMENT OF OIL REFINING AND PETROCHEMICAL SECTORS FOR EFFICIENT FUNCTIONING OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors:   Doctor of Economics, Professor, EGOROV O.I.
Published: March 2021

Expediency of complex use of hydrocarbonic resources in the course of further development of a domestic oil and gas complex for increase of his competitiveness is proved. Ways of development of the petrochemical productions capable to provide release of the wide range of products with a high value added are offered. In article the provision that with development of the petrochemical industry the oil and gas complex of the republic will find necessary stability is reasoned and will be able to become not only the leading, but also knowledge-intensive branch of domestic economy
PETROLEUM AND BITUMEN CONTAINING AND INDUSTRIAL ANTHROPOGENIC MATERIALS FOR CONSTRUCTION OF LONG-LASTING ROARDS
Authors:   аcademician of International Academy of Transport, Academic Adviser of National Engineering Academy of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Doctor of Engineering, Professor, Director, ASMATULAYEV B.A.
Published: March 2021

This paper raises problem issues of technical conditions of the roads in the Republic in connection with the address of Kassym-Zhomart Tokayev, the President of the country to the people of Kazakhstan.The main problem is poor condition of roads infrastructure resulting in a high level of accidents on dual highways. The second problem is slow rate of roads’ construction and reconstruction according to outdated designing methods and traditional construction technologies for a short operating time of not more than 15-20 years that does not comply with worldwide standards of repair-free service life of roads of 50 years and more. Motorization of the country and freight traffic increases by 25-40% annually, the road load increased 2-3 times resulting in intensive destruction of outdated roads pavements. In connection with this the volume of repairs with respect to costs exceeds more than 50% of total road industry financing. The third problem is a high cost of roads construction. Cost plus technologies are still being widely applied in Kazakhstan. At the same time industrial waste discharge of Kazakhstan’s enterprises accumulated more than 45 billion tons of anthropogenic wastes including petroleum and bitumen containing anthropogenic materials with the application of which innovative resource-saving and power-saving nanotechnologies and nanostructured long-life materials were developed. At the same time, it is possible to reduce the cost of construction and expenses for road maintenance by 2-3 times within 50 years. In addition, to accelerate construction and repairs of 1-2 category roads by 2-3- times, while 3-4 category by 5-6 times. The scientific and technical program headed by national Engineering Academy of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2021-2023 “To develop and implement efficient technologies of cast-insitu construction of road-transport structures according to world standards with a complex recycling of industrial anthropogenic wastes and recoverable resources” is developed for wide application of nanotechnologies and nanostructured materials in roads construction.
ДОСТИЖЕНИЯ НАУКИ – В ПРОИЗВОДСТВО!
Authors:   кандидат геолого-минералогических наук, Почетный разведчик недр Республики Казахстан, советник президента, ТУРКОВ О.С.
Published: March 2021

В 3-4 номере журнала «Нефть и газ» за 2020 год опубликована статья главного редактора Н.К. Надирова « Как сделать Казахстан самой конкурентноспособной и передовой нефтяной страной мира» [1]. Как отмечает автор, в эпоху кризиса нефтяной отрасли, вследствие резкого падения цен на нефть, во многом обусловленным пандемией COVID-19, главным направлением выхода из данной ситуации видится снижение стоимости операций по всей цепочке работ, начиная от поиска месторождений и кончая реализацией продукции. Эта цепочка операций в обобщенном виде включает следующие работы: - геологоразведку, - добычу и транспортировку нефти, - нефтепереработку, - эффективность использования углеводородного топлива, - рациональное использование попутного и сжиженного газа, - использование возобновляемой энергетики
ON THE METHOD OF EXPLORATION OF OIL AND GAS DEPOSITS IN THE SUBSALT SEDIMENTS OF THE CASPIAN DEPRESSION
Authors:   candidate of geological and mineralogical sciences, president's advisor, TURKOV О.S.
Published: March 2021

The Caspian Basin is a unique geological object, the most notable features of which are the anomalously large thickness of the sedimentary cover and its enormous hydrocarbon potential. It is generally known that the main reserves in the identified fields and the prospects for discovering new large deposits of oil, gas and gas condensate here are associated with a subsalt complex of terrigenous and carbonate strata, submerged in the central part of the basin to depths of over 10 km. To date, this complex has been most studied in the edges of the depression at depths of 4-5 km. Confident forecasting of oil prospecting operations for deeper-lying objects is constrained by low researched of their structural, lithological, thermobaric and other parameters. In the debate about these very complex problems, one rarely recalls such a simple and at the same time crucial fact as direct signs of oil and gas potential. Indeed, every year we receive more and more new data on the “breathing of resources”, on the hydrocarbons migration from subsalt sediments into post-salt reservoirs, but we do not give them due attention. The article provides convincing, in the author's opinion, examples of the formation of post-salt deposits on salt domes due to the vertical migration of hydrocarbons. Taking this process into account, recommendations were made both НЕФТЬ И ГАЗ 2020 6 (120) 21 ГЕОЛОГИЯ on the general method of oil prospecting in subsalt deposits, and specific proposals for the search for subsalt and post-salt deposits of oil and gas.
NEW VISION OF STRUCTURE AND OIL AND GAS POTENTIAL FIELD AIRAKTY
Authors:   candidate of geological and mineralogical Sciences, Director, TASKINBAYEV K.M. , DZHANGIROV A.N. ,   head of the Department of interpretation and study of reservoirs, BOGOMAZOV A.E. ,   senior geologist-petrophysicist, ZHALDAEV N.K. ,   Director of the gas exploration and production Department, IHSANOVA N.K. ,   chief geologist, SAPAEV ZH.E. ,   head of the Department of Geology and development
Published: March 2021

The article reviews the results of the next re-interpretation of geological and geophysical material of Airakty gas condensate field located in Zhambyl region of Kazakhstan. Despite rather good prospects of oil and gas bearing of the region, quite a long period of geological and exploratory research, and discovered and developed fields, the study is extremely low, and the efficiency of geological and exploratory works here remains low. Therefore, the resource base for gas production remains insufficient to supply the region. Therefore, an attempt was made to examine the structure and oil and gas content of one field in this region from the point of view of non-anticlinal traps (NAT). This provides a new insight into the internal structure of the field and allows to clarify its geological structure and adjust the prospecting methodology in the direction of NAT deposits. The applied technology of re-interpretation of geological and geophysical material by approbation of neural training algorithms on the basis of new well data, synchronous prestack inversion (which is currently actively used in the exploration industry as part of the standard interpretation graph) allowed to take a new look at the peculiarities of the internal structure of rocks composing the productive part of the section, to highlight, in particular, isometric "bodies", which have been interpreted as incised river systems, e.g., isometric "bodies"
A MODERN APPROACH TO DATA PROCESSING OF PAST YEARS
Authors:   RES LLP, Leading Geophysicist, MOSKALEV P.Y.
Published: March 2021

This paper provides a brief description of the process and the results of reprocessing old seismic data of CDPP 2D, worked out in Soviet times and rewritten from old media immediately before reprocessing. Experience has shown that it is possible to obtain material of good quality, suitable not only for structural, but also for dynamic interpretation, with a more expressive reflection of the structure of deep horizons. Considerable efforts, including the cost of manual labor, required for such reprocessing, can pay off in the end with a good result.
STRUCTURE OF EXPLORED HYDROCARBON POTENTIAL OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors:   candidate of geological and mineralogical sciences, president's advisor, TURKOV О.S.
Published: March 2021

The development of the economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan is largely based on a powerful base of mineral raw materials. The leading role is played by huge reserves of oil and gas. They are located in 6 oil and gas sedimentary basins of Western and Eastern Kazakhstan. More than 350 oil and gas fields have been explored in them, containing over 6.4 billion tons of recoverable oil reserves and about 4.5 trillion m3 of gas. The main volumes of oil reserves (85.2%) are concentrated in 25 large and giant fields. Numerous small objects contain only 5.3% of the reserves. In the changed situation on the world oil market, the development of such small fields with recoverable reserves of less than 1.0 million tons becomes unprofitable. In further work in new promising basins, one should focus on prospecting, first of all, large and medium-sized deposits
INFLUENCE OF THE CORROSION AND ENSURING INTEGRITY THE FLUIDS TRANSPORT PIPELINES, ON BASED OF THE ROUTINE DIAGNOSIS
Authors:   Associate Professor PhD. Eng. at Petroleum-Gas University of Ploiesti, Vice-President of A.G.I.R. Prahova branch., TUDORACHE V.P. , ANTONESCU N.N. ,   Professor PhD. Eng. at Petroleum-Gas University of Ploiesti, Honorary Rector at Petroleum-Gas University of Ploiesti, and Honor Member of the Academy forTechnical Sciences of Romania., ILIAS N. ,   Professor PhD. Eng. at University of Petrosani, Member of the Academy for Technical Sciences of Romania, President of the Section Oil, Mine and Geonomy Engineering.
Published: March 2021

Pipelines represent a very important part of the energy infrastructure. They ensure an economical, safe and continuous transport of fluids, in generally of oil crudes and natural gases. As time goes, pipelines of transporting oil and natural gas (more, buried and high-pressure pipeline) are subjected to loads and environmental effects which may cause them to become degraded with. Pipelines may suffer degradation from a variety of causes, as: corrosion, mechanical damage, stress cracking etc. As pipelines age and the degradation mechanisms become more problematic, it is recognised that the integrity of those pipelines must be proactively managed. All pipeline operators are well aware of this, and at this problem. Evident, the prudent operators have active programs, - timely intervention programs to assure continuing pipeline transporting fluids -, more, to mitigate deterioration and to repair defective pipes. Another important aspect is forecasting corrosion over a period of time in order to predict the possibility of pipeline failure (in other words, defect rate versus time to failure). A variety of techniques are used depending on the nature of the pipeline and the perceived problems. Some of the basic techniques are described in this article.
EFFECT OF HEAT TREATMENT ON THE RHEOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF BUZACHI OIL
Authors:   head of Laboratory, candidate of Chemical Sciences, GABSATTAROVA G.A. , BORANBAYEVA L.E. ,   researcher, NAURUZBEKOV ZH.K. ,   researcher, BLAGIKH Y.V. ,   laboratory technician, master of technology degree
Published: March 2021

The article is dedicated to experimental study of the effects of heat treatment on the rheological characteristics of oil mixtures transported via the Uzen-Atyrau-Samara main pipeline. The research studied the influence of the component composition of oil to its receptivity of the heat treatment temperature and the optimal treatment parameters within the studied scope were identified. The article presents dependence charts of the oil rheological properties (shear stress, effective viscosity, pour point, plastic viscosity) on the heat treatment parameters and the flow curves of untreated and 110 НЕФТЬ И ГАЗ 2020 6 (120) ТРАНСПОРТИРОВКА treated oil. From the data obtained in laboratory experiments, conclusions on the dependence of rheological properties of the heat treatment parameters are made.
CRITICAL PRESSURE ON OIL AND GAS PIPELINES OPERATING UNDER INTERNAL PRESSURE
Authors:   Director of the Department testing laboratory, candidate of technical Sciences, associate Professor of the Department ", ZHANGABAY N.Z. ,   Industrial, civil and road construction", UTELBAYEVA A.B. ,   doctor of chemical Sciences, associate Professor of "Chemistry", ONER A.K. ,   post graduate student of the Department "Industrial, civil and road construction", TURSUNKULYLY T. ,   doctoral student of the Department "Industrial, civil and road construction", KHASSANKHODJAYEVA B.S. ,   master of pedagogical Sciences, lecturer of the Department "Chemistry and biology»
Published: March 2021

The article deals with the issue of applying prestressed stress in steel prestressed gas and oil pipelines, as well as in shell structures in the case of an increase in internal overpressure to the critical point of rupture of the shell or winding itself, where the expression was also taught that it is possible to calculate the maximum operating pressure of a combined structure, that is, a steel shell and a steel winding, which in the future, when designing such structures, will significantly facilitate the selection of the necessary parameters for more efficient construction of such structures. However, this calculation method can be used by industries that operate vertical cylindrical tanks for oil and petroleum products, research and design institutes
Опыт бурения первой горизонтальной скважины на месторождении С. Нуржанов АО «Эмбамунайгаз»
Authors:   АО «Эмбамунайгаз», Адилбеков К.А. , Ермеков М.М. ,   АО «Эмбамунайгаз», Муканов Е.М. ,   АО «Эмбамунайгаз»
Published: March 2021

В 2019 году впервые в истории АО «Эмбамунайгаз» был реализован проект строительства горизонтальной скважины на терригенные отложения горизонта T-IV месторождения С. Нуржанов до глубины 4040 м. При реализации проекта специалистами АО «Эмбамунайгаз» совместно со специалистами «Schlumberger Logelco Inc.», «Petro-Unit» и «ИБК «СиБу» был реализован комплекс технических мероприятий, обеспечивший успешное бурение скважины. В статье приведен обзор оптимальных инженерных решений и мероприятий по бурению горизонтальной скважины № 805, включающих выбор оптимальных КНБК, подбор рецептур и параметров буровых растворов, проводку скважины на основе геологического моделирования, сервис MWD и LWD.
Формирование региональных нефтехимических кластеров как основа инновационного развития национальной экономики
Authors:   Институт экономики КН МОН РК, Егоров О.И.
Published: March 2021

Интенсивное развитие отраслей нефтегазового комплекса вызывает острую необходимость в решении проблемы гармоничного развития производительных сил. Известно, что эффективность вкладываемых средств в развитие нефтегазовой отрасли в значительной степени снижается вследствие больших потерь продукции, потенциально содержащейся в углеводородном сырье. Разработка путей эффективного использования углеводородных ресурсов за счет увеличения доли перерабатывающего сектора будет способствовать удовлетворению внутренних потребностей в продукции нефтепереработки и нефтехимии, меньшей уязвимости экономики страны от уровня мировых цен на углеводородное сырье.
RING STRUCTURES IN THE SOUTH TORGAI BASIN AND THE FORECAST FIELDS OF HYDROCARBONS
Authors:   Doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences, Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Chief Researcher, http://orcid.org/0000–0003–0307–1018, ZEYLIK B.S. , BARATOV R.T. ,   Student PhD, Senior Researcher, http://orcid.org/0000–0002–0627–1536
Published: March 2021

A new technology for forecasting hydrocarbon deposits is proposed, which is based on the principles of shock and explosive tectonics (ShET) and the use of Earth remote sensing data.The shock-explosive tectonics (ShET) paradigm has been advanced in Kazakhstan and developed over 40 years. The new technology is fundamentally different from traditional prognostic constructions due to the indispensable and constant use of the latest space information. Data from scanner, photo and radar space surveys reveal a wide distribution of previously not studied ring and linear structures. A study of ring structures, carried out in Kazakhstan for half a century, indicates a clear predominance of cosmogenic, asteroid-meteorite and cometary structures among them. The data of deciphering satellite images, taking into account the spatial position of known oil and gas fields, make it possible to identify concentric zones of tension and compression of the earth’s crust that accompany cosmogenic ring structures. An analysis of long-term data revealed the confinement of most hydrocarbon deposits and their geological reserves to concentric zones of extensiondeconsolidation of the earth’s crust. Concentric extension zones alternate with the compression zones separating them, in which a small number of mineral deposits are found. The proposed new technology for forecasting hydrocarbon deposits can be applied in many sedimentary basins of the World. Specifically, on the basis of the new technology, a forecast of new hydrocarbon deposits in the South Tоrgai oil and gas basin was based on two cometary ring structures: Chelkar-Aral and Baikonur
GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE AND OIL AND GAS POTENTIAL OF THE SOUTHERN EDGE OF THE PRE-URAL FORE DEEP
Authors:   Doctor of Geology and Mineralogy Sciences, Academician of the Academy of Mineral Resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan,https://orcid.org/0000–0002–4518–0055, ABILKHASIMOV, KH.B.
Published: March 2021

This article contains the lithofacies characteristic of the ShR-1 well log according to the core analyses results and the results of seismic exploration operations on Shirak site, located in the closure zone of the southern edge of Pre-Ural fore deep. The example of Shirak site demonstrates oil and gas potential of the Kazakhstan part of fore deep and describes the prospective resources. A new structure in Paleozoic sedimentary complex, which could be the first search facility in this area was discovered.
APPLICATION OF SEISMIC METHODS FOR INTEGRATED RESERVOIR CHARACTERIZATION
Authors:   PhD student, https://orcid.org/0000–0001–8489–6809, ZHUMABEKOV A.K. , PORTNOV V.S. ,   Doctor of technical Sciences, Professor of the Department «Geology and exploration of mineral deposits», https://orcid.org/0000–0002–4940–3156
Published: March 2021

3D seismic survey is the undisputed leader among tools of identifying potential exploration targets and reservoir characterization. This paper shows surveys that are crucial in the exploration and development of significant amounts of hydrocarbon resources, and can be used by operator companies to map complex geological structures and select better drilling locations. The purpose of research work is to have better understandings of formations and update previous studies in oil field of Mangyshlak Basin, Western Kazakhstan. The Main resultsare the acoustic impedance, Vp / Vs ratio, lithological and reservoir properties data. The quality *Автор для переписки. E-mail: zhak28@gmail.com НЕФТЬ И ГАЗ 2020. 3–4 (117–118) 85 ГЕОФИЗИКА controls and analysis of results show good match with well logs and good recovery of seismic signal in inversion, but it should be improved in some areas. The results, from a scientific point of view, expand the already known geological and geophysical studies of the reservoir and improve the quality of interpretation using seismic methods in studying the sedimentation environment of the site.
PARTICULARITIES RELATED TO DRILLING OFFSHORE WELLS IN AREAS WITH VERY DEEP WATER
Authors:   Associate Professor PhD. Eng. at Petroleum-Gas University of Ploiesti, Vice-President of A.G.I.R. Prahova branch. E-mail: valentin.tudorache@ yahoo.com, Tudorache V.P. , Minescu M. ,   Professor PhD. Eng. at Petroleum-Gas University of Ploiesti, President of the Senate Petroleum-Gas University of Ploiesti, and Member of the Academy for Technical Sciences of Romania. E-mail: mihail.minescu@ yahoo.com, Ilias N. ,   Professor PhD. Eng. at University of Petrosani, Member of the Academy for Technical Sciences of Romania, President of the Section Oil, Mine and Geonomy Engineering. E-mail: iliasnic@yahoo.com
Published: March 2021

The article presents an analysis of the realities faced by the operators in the oil industry, but especially the operators in the exploitation of the risers. Oil industry operators are focusing on drilling offshore wells to very deep water depths, as there are significant oil and gas resources that ensure high production. This analysis refers to the establishment of limit conditions that occur during drilling operations. We call this complex of factors the mechanics of riser. The article also refers to establishing the way of working in accordance with the API recommendations in force and obtaining theoretical results for offshore drilling in deep water. These results are the starting point for simulation with the help of specialized software and obtaining results useful for the exploitation of risers in drilling wells in deep water. Drilling activity in deep water can only be done with dynamically positioned platforms, such as semisubmersibles platforms and drillship.
EFFICIENCY ESTIMATION OF THE FIGURE FLOODING METHOD
Authors:   candidate of technical science, associated professor, https://orcid.org/0000–0002–8213–7128, BISSEMBAYEVA K.T. , BISSEMBAYEVA A.K. ,   specialist of development department «Project institute «OPTIMUM» LLP, https://orcid.org/0000–0003–3718–4280, KOILYBAYEV B.N. ,   student of doctor PhD, https://orcid.org/0000–0002–8471–5104
Published: March 2021

Methods of regulating the development of oil and gas fields play an important role in ensuring rational selection rates at the highest values of reservoir component recovery coefficients. The applied methods allowed the most rapid selection of recoverable oil reserves, but nevertheless, over time, many individual areas of the deposit were identified, whose reserves were developed at a low rate. Therefore, to improve the development of hard-to-recover reserves in these areas, zones, additional methods of influence are used by injecting a certain volume of water into the reservoir through new injection wells created by drilling them or transferring existing high-water wells for injection. At the same time, work is being carried out in existing wells to increase their productivity. This article discusses the application of figure flooding method as an additional method of regulating the development process of the Uzen deposit. The authors presented the results ДОБЫЧА 112 НЕФТЬ И ГАЗ 2020. 3–4 (117–118) of analysis of exploitation of oil areas of figure flooding. A study was conducted to identify the technological effect of the use of the figure flooding method. Figure flooding contributed to unsteady state fluid flow in reservoirs, which led to the reduction of water production wells before working intervals and also in some areas.This method hashad a positive impact on the development process by connecting new production intervals to the operation. The inclusion in the development of new productive formations and layers led to an increase in the flow rates of wells and oil production, as well as simultaneously to a decrease in the flow rates, liquid production and water cut. The quantitative assessment of efficiency was carried out by comparing the corresponding actualandcalculatedtechnological indicators.Thepaperpresentsanalyticalformulas thatwereused to calculate changes in the analyzed data in case there was no specified method. The calculated values of oil and liquid flow rates and water level of sections of the XIV and XV horizons were determined under the assumption that there would be no figure flooding. The results of calculations of technological indicators and processing of actual data, as well as the technological advantages of individual sections are presented. It is established that the use of shaped flooding in the complex will allow full connection to the work of new oil-saturated reservoirs, if new independent systems of arrangement are created to ensure the appropriate hydrodynamic parameters of pressure at the mouths and faces of injection and production wells
SWEM – EFFICIENT «GREEN» TECHNOLOGY FOR GENERATING ELECTRICITY AND WATER FROM THE ATMOSPHERE
Authors:   PHD, Professor, Chief Scientific Adviser, BAZHAL A.I. , BARAK A.M. ,   president Galex Energy Corporation,
Published: March 2021

Thermal energy created by heating the Earth and the atmospheric air by sunlight exists in the Earth’s atmosphere in quantities many times greater than humanity’s energy needs. The authors formulated and patented the basic principles of concentration and use of this low-potential thermal energy scattered in the atmosphere. The SWEM technology proposed in the article is a way to convert this natural energy into usable electrical energy, in calculated quantities. SWEMtechnology isbasedonmechanisms that canbeobservedinsuchanaturalphenomenon as a hurricane. The SWEM module replicates the chain of transitions of aggregate states of atmospheric moisture, starting with heating the surface of the world’s oceans and evaporating water that saturates the air. The energy accumulated in the water of the sun, as a result of the chain of conversions, is converted into electricity. At the same time, as a by-product of enthalpy of cross-aggregation, fresh water is released, falling out of the air in the form of precipitation. Fresh water, like energy, is the most valuable and vital product for many people on the planet. TheSWEM water-electric module is versatile, lightweight, operationaland portable. The energy generation providing for energy or water consumption can be scaled up in the form of a synchronized battery of basic size SWEM modules or a mega-installation. SWEM modules can be placed on the ground or on the water surface, in steppe or urban landscape conditions. The technology does not require external energy sources and is absolutely green. The fundamental principles of concentration and management of the earth’s low-potential thermal energy, on which SWEM technology is based, can form the basis of a new, clean energy industry that exceeds current and future energy and water needs
PROBLEM ISSUES AND WAYS TO INCREASE THE EFFICIENCY OF SEISMIC SURVEY
Authors:   Candidate of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences, Chief Geophysicist, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0737-2336, ISSENOV S.M.
Published: March 2021

The physical capabilities of seismic prospecting and the main factors limiting the scope of solving target geological problems of research at the stages of exploration and additional exploration of hydrocarbon deposits are considered. The efficiency of structural-tectonic and dynamic problems of seismic exploration to be solved depend on the degree of correspondence to the real structure of the geological section of the basic mathematical models of the applied methods and technologies of field seismic survey, processing and interpretation of seismic data. The reliability of predicting the material composition of sediments and physical parameters of hydrocarbon reservoirs is determined by the achieved quantitative Signal / Noise estimates and the vertical resolution of the seismic record. The ways of increasing the efficiency of seismic exploration are discussed, including the practical results of the application of Multifocusing technologies, which expand the range of geological problems to be solved.
ANALYSIS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AUTO-HYDRAULIC FRACTURES ON WATER INJECTION WELLS
Authors:   Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Department of ", DOSZHANOV M.ZH. ,   Oil and Gas Engineering",   , KU Korkyt ATA, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6634-1057, ALYBAEV B.N. ,   Master of science, Development engineer, JSC "Karazhanbasmunai", https:// orcid.org/0000-0002-8471-5104, KARAZHANOVA M. K. ,   PhD, associate Professor of "Petrochemical engineering" of KHUTI name Sh.Yesenova, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3451-9746, AKHMETOV D.A. ,   Master of Technical Sciences, Lecturer, Bolashak University, https://orcid. org/0000-0002-3398-4670, TASBOLAT G.ZH. ,   Master of Technical Sciences, Lecturer, Bolashak University, https://orcid. org/0000-0002-3790-2097
Published: March 2021

As the experience of field development shows, the unplanned growth of cracks in injection wells does not always have a positive effect on the development of oil reserves, but on the contrary, causes premature flooding of producing wells. At present, most of the fields are in the final stage of development, and increasing the coverage of the reservoir by flooding is an important task for the development of oil fields. The article considers and analyzes the influence of injection wells on the growth of hydraulic fracturing cracks and the relationship with oil production on the example of the Karazhanbas field (hereinafter referred to as the KBM).
SAMPLES OF SOIL TREATMENT CONTAMINATED WITH OIL WASTE AND RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES
Authors:   candidate of technical sciences, professor, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6490-9972, TANZHARIKOV P.А. , KERIMBEKOVA Z.М. ,   candidate of technical sciences, associate professor, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8431-563X, YERMUKHANOVA N.B. ,   PhD student in Life safety and environmental protection, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5748-3731, ТASHIMOVA А.А. ,   PhD student in Life safety and environmental protection, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1703-3792
Published: March 2021

Oil production and transportation is a source of a large amount of waste. These wastes include oil sludge. The composition of these oil sludge, in addition to oil components, includes elements of natural radionuclides. The level of soil contamination with oil is caused by adverse effects on the plant, mainly changes in its physical and chemical properties (hydrophobic increase, filling of soil capillaries with oil) and direct toxic effects of toxic components contained in oil. The positive effect of sowing plants on oil-polluted soils is explained by the fact that the plant uses petroleum hydrocarbons as an additional food and improves the gas-air regime of polluted soils, while enriching it with various active additives, which ultimately stimulates the growth of the number of microorganisms and, accordingly, accelerates the decomposition of oil and petroleum products. The influence of waste containing petroleum components and elements of natural radionuclides on soil conditions and reduction of radioactivity by local sorbents was studied
Pengembangan Visual Destination Branding dan Aplikasinya pada Berbagai Media Promosi Kawasan Wisata Bandungan Kabupaten Semarang
Authors: Prasetyo Andika Tri , Nugrahani Rahina , Sugiarto Eko
Published: March 2021

Bandungan adalah sebuah kecamatan yang terletak di selatan Kabupaten Semarang, Jawa Tengah yang kaya akan potensi pariwisata. Namun, sejak tahun 1970an, Bandungan dikenal oleh masyarakat di kawasan Semarang dan sekitarnya sebagai destinasi yang terkenal dengan keberadaan hotel dan karaoke yang dekat dengan kehidupan malam. Stigma negatif Bandungan sebagai destinasi wisata malam masih melekat di benak sebagian besar masyarakat yang mengenal Bandungan sejak beberapa dekadu lalu. Pemerintah dan paguyuban pengelola wisata di kawasan Bandungan menyadari kebutuhan kawasan ini akan adanya visual destination branding yang dapat memunculkan citra dan merefleksikan nilai-nilai yang dimiliki Bandungan serta harapan dari masyarakatnya. Artikel ini memaparkan hasil perancangan visual destination branding dan aplikasi pada berbagai media promosi. Metode perancangan yang digunakan dilakukan melalui tiga tahap yaitu tahap pra produksi, produksi dan pasca produksi. Kegiatan perancangan dan pengembangan visual destiation branding ini menghasilkan logo dan elemen visual yang diaplikasikan pada media luar ruang, transortasi publik, dan merchandise.
Analisis Identitas Komik Horor Indonesia pada Platform Webtoon Periode 2016 - 2020
Authors: Mawla Fatha Basyarayni , Mansoor Alvanov Zpalanzani
Published: March 2021

Fiksi horor merupakan budaya bertutur yang secara turun temurun telah membentuk suatu fiksasi kultural terhadap fiksi horor di Indonesia dengan mitos dan kepercayaannya. Sebagai salah satu bentuk dari subkategori literatur horor fiktif, komik horor juga mulai berkembang di Indonesia bersamaan dengan berkembangnya fiksi horor pada media lain seperti film dan sastra. Adanya pola tertentu yang muncul pada komik horor Indonesia menarik penulis untuk mengkaji bahasan ini secara lebih lanjut guna memetakan karakteristik komik horor di Indonesia, khususnya komik horor pada platform webtoon. Kecenderungan pembaca komik horor Indonesia atas narasi dan gaya visual dari komik horor itu sendiri dapat dianalisis melalui adanya pemetaan komik horor Indonesia pada platform webtoon. Dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan dapat ditarik satu kesimpulan bahwa komik dengan tema mistisisme lokal lebih digemari bila dibandingkan dengan tema selainnya, teknik visualisasi dengan jump scare lebih digemari dibandingkan dengan komik horor yang tidak menerapkan teknik visualisasi serupa. Karakter perempuan memiliki peran yang signifikan pada komik horor Indonesia, baik sebagai protagonis maupun sebagai elemen horor itu sendiri.
Speeding up the ODETTA code for solving particle transport problems
Authors: Shoshina Anastasiya V. , Belousov Viktor I.
Published: March 2021

Mathematical simulation of fast neutron reactors requires high-precision calculations of protection problems based on unstructured meshes. The paper considers and analyzes a parallel version of the ODETTA code (Belousov et al. 2019) with the use of the MPI (Message Passing Interface) library technology (Knyazeva et al. 2006). The code is designed for numerical simulation of neutronic processes in shielding compositions of fast neutron lead cooled reactor plants in normal operating modes, and can be used to calculate the radiation conditions of using structural components and equipment of nuclear power facilities which are assumed to be the sources of and/or exposed to ionizing radiation during their safety justification. The operation of the generated code is compared against the previous version. The MPI-based development of the ODETTA code’s algorithmic part is described. Peculiarities and specific features of the code parallelization are presented, the code modification is given, and respective algorithms are considered. The structure of the ODETTA code based on the MPI is described in brief. The results of using the ODETTA code’s serial and parallel versions in OS Linux (Kostromin 2012) for NRNU MEPhI’s HPC cluster are provided (Savchenko et al. 2020). A comparative analysis is presented for two code implementation options in terms of speed and accuracy of results when using two different clusters and different numbers of nodes for these. Peculiarities of cluster-based calculations are noted.
Regulatory Developments in Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Lending to Combat Frauds
Authors: Yu Poshan , Hu Yingzi , Waseem Maimoona , Rafay Abdul
Published: March 2021

Internet lending is a unique form of the credit market for bypassing banks in which borrowers generate online microloans without leverage or intermediation from financial institutions. Unlike the UK and the US, the Chinese P2P lending market is broader. Although the regulations concerning P2P lending are more comprehensive since 2015, there remains some regulatory gaps and failures, thus identifying these remaining regulatory gaps can help perfect the regulatory framework. This chapter provides a more detailed analysis and an examination of the Chinese legal framework related to P2P lending and identifying the vacuums in the existing framework. The theoretical contribution is primarily to the implications of the latest development of regulatory changes and the established individual credit reference system in China. Furthermore, the chapter also discovered three new regulatory vacuums (i.e., platform exit, a case report of financial crime, and consumer education), thus concluding with detailed insights on future approach towards perfecting the regulatory framework.
Combating Fraud Through Forensic Accounting
Authors: Umar Umar Habibu , Haron Md Harashid , Kurawa Junaidu Muhammad
Published: March 2021

This study examines the potential application of forensic accounting in detecting and preventing of fraudulent activities in the administration of Islamic inheritance in Kano State, Nigeria. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with some selected experts who are aware of Islamic inheritance and forensic accounting. Thematic analysis was used. The study established the nature and forms of the fraudulent activities committed in the administration of Islamic inheritance, such as non-compliance with the provision of Islamic inheritance law, hiding some inherited estate, the non-usage of professional valuers and the advice of experts, misappropriation of inherited cash, mismanagement of inherited wealth, etc. The key fraudsters include the eldest heirs, the parents of heirs (particularly mothers), court officials, estate valuers, relatives and the trustees of the deceased. The respondents strongly believe that forensic accounting could be used as a reliable instrument to detect and prevent such forms of fraudulent activities.
Forensic Audit for Financial Frauds in Banks
Authors: Siddik Md. Nur Alam
Published: March 2021

Traditional auditing has failed to control the jeopardy of increased financial frauds. Gradually, forensic auditing has been employed by organizations to control such frauds. Nonetheless, there is a dearth of studies examining the effects of forensic auditing on financial frauds. In particular, the impact of forensic auditing on financial frauds in Bangladesh is not examined. This study attempts to fill this gap. Using survey data of 182 respondents, this study applied logistic regression analysis. Findings indicate that forensic auditing has significant positive effects on the detection and prevention of financial fraud occurrences in the banking sector of Bangladesh. Findings also indicate that forensic auditing is competent to diminish financial frauds. Therefore, it is recommended to adopt forensic auditing in the banking sector of Bangladesh.
Tax Enforcement in the Black Economy
Authors: Walker-Munro Brendan
Published: March 2021

The black economy—also called the hidden, covert, underground, grey, illicit, or cash economy—is used to describe the aspect of a country's economy that is not visibly subject to taxation. However, it is also a useful measure of behavioral disruption to the taxation system, as the scale and tactics of black economy participants vary over time. The purpose of this chapter is to suggest that existing tax policy (where legal constraints alone are used) is insufficient to affect black economy behaviour. It suggests that by adopting responses that are “more than law,” revenue administrations can deploy a more advanced and effective approach to improve tax compliance and can decrease the negative impacts of the black economy.
The Ancient Cytokine BAFF- and APRIL-like Molecule Regulates the Functionality of Teleost IgM+ B Cells Similarly to BAFF and APRIL
Authors: Simón Rocío , Díaz-Rosales Patricia , Tafalla Carolina
Published: March 2021

TNF superfamily (TNFSF) members, such as BAFF and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL), emerged in vertebrates as key regulators of B cell homeostasis and activation. Many cartilaginous and teleost fish contain an additional gene, designated as BAFF- and APRIL-like molecule (BALM), of unknown function and lost in tetrapods. In this study, we have performed a wide characterization of the functions of BALM on naive B cells for the first time, to our knowledge, in teleosts using rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) as a model. Similar to BAFF and APRIL, BALM increased the survival and promoted the proliferation of peripheral blood IgM+ B cells and cooperated with BCR cross-linking to increase the proliferation rate of IgM+ B cells. BALM also seemed to be a differentiating factor for trout IgM+ B cells, as it increased IgM secretion and increased cell size. Additionally, BALM appeared to increase the Ag-presenting properties of IgM+ B cells, augmenting MHC class II surface expression and upregulating the phagocytic capacity of these cells. Finally, the fact that there was no synergy between BALM and BAFF/APRIL in any of these functions strongly suggests that BALM signals through the same receptors as BAFF and APRIL to carry out its functions. This hypothesis was further supported in competitive BALM binding assays. The results presented provide relevant information for understanding how these TNFSF members cooperate in teleost fish to regulate B cell functionality, helping us to interpret the evolutionary relations between molecules of this family.
Table of Contents Vol 79, No 1 (2020)
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: March 2021

No abstract available.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome-associated interstitial lung disease
Authors: Alhamad Esam H. , Cal Joseph G. , Alrajhi Nuha N. , Paramasivam Muthurajan P. , Alharbi Waleed M. , AlEssa Mohammed , Omair Mohammed A. , AlRikabi Ammar C. , AlBoukai Ahmad A.
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND:

Diagnosing primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS)-associated interstitial lung disease (ILD) is complex and can be very challenging. In addition, information about the prognostic factors is limited.

AIMS:

We aimed to determine the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors that impact pSS-ILD survival.

METHODS:

This retrospective review included 84 consecutive patients diagnosed with pSS-ILD. The information analyzed included the clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, and physiological and hemodynamic data. Prognostic factors were identified using a Cox proportional hazards regression model.

RESULTS:

The mean age was 60.5 years, and 61.9% were females. The mean time between the onset of symptoms and diagnosis was 21 months (range, 1–98 months). Minor salivary gland biopsy (MSGB) was positive for pSS in 92.3% of the cohort. Fifty percent of the patients had negative autoimmune serology related to pSS. Based on the available hemodynamic data, 40% had pulmonary hypertension (PH), and 20% had severe PH. During follow-up, acute exacerbation was noted in 38% of the cohort. The 5-year survival rate for all patients was 56%. Male sex, usual interstitial pneumonia pattern, and a reduced forced vital capacity were independent predictors of mortality in the pSS-ILD patients.

CONCLUSIONS:

A significant delay between the onset of symptoms and diagnosis was noted in our cohort. Importantly, our study highlights the importance of MSGB and emphasizes that clinicians should not rely solely on serological tests to diagnose pSS in ILD patients. The overall survival was poor, and more efforts are needed to diagnose pSS-ILD at an early stage and refer patients to experienced centers.
Obturator with Saliva Reservoir
Authors: Chauhan Dushyant , Thakur Ashish , Chaudhary Rachana
Published: March 2021

Maxillectomy defects are usually due to surgical resection of carcinoma and results in a distinctive complication. In maxillectomy, there is a communication between the oral and nasal cavity which aggravates the problem and limits the treatment option. If the patient presents with additional xerostomia, then the level of difficulty increases many folds. This case report presents a patient with maxillectomy undergoing radiotherapy resulting in xerostomia. The patient wanted to have a definitive functional restoration. Due to the complexity of situation a conventional obturator was not enough as removable prosthesis in the dry mouth is not well tolerated. Initially, an interim obturator was fabricated and later definitive obturator using neutral zone technique with saliva reservoir was fabricated. Artificial saliva was used to maintain the moisture in the mouth and provided with adequate lubrication for the removable prosthesis to function. The prosthesis satisfactorily restored function and provided an adequate seal between the nasal and oral cavity. Shortcoming of this prosthesis was that the artificial saliva had to be replaced regularly. However, overall the patient was satisfied with the prosthesis.