bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nutritional Policies and Anaemia Among Under-five Children in Selected South Asian Countries: 1950-2016
Authors: Waghmare Hanumant , Mondal Nasim Ahamed
Published: October 2021

This study provides an understanding between the nutrition policies and nutritional status of under-5 children in South Asian countries. It gives an overview of nutrition policies and actions taken to improve the nutritional status of under-5 children in the South Asian context, focusing on Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Pakistan. The efforts were taken to understand the legislative actions and children's nutritional status in these countries and their past efforts to deal with anemia. To execute the efforts, data has been taken from the Global Health Observatory Data Repository (GHODR), Demographic Health Survey (DHS) and reviews some of the critical interventions in nutrition within the different countries and draws out several issues that bear on these policies' future evolution. The findings show Around 57.3 percent in India, 40 percent in Bangladesh, 43 percent in Nepal and 59 percent in Pakistan under-5 children were found anaemic in 2016. There are 33 percentage, 31 percent, 20 percent and 12 percent points reduction took place in 26 years between 1990 and 2016 in Bangladesh Nepal, India and Pakistan respectively. The low anemia prevalence was observed in Bangladesh and Nepal despite fewer policies and programs than in India and Pakistan which manifests quality of policy is more important rather than quantity of policy. The findings show that the growth of nutrition policies and the program has a slow pace but positively affects anemia among the under-5 children in South Asian countries. To eradicate anemia among the children and to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), India and Pakistan need to take a policy lesson from the neighboring countries. This study suggests that National Nutrition Program requires inter-sectoral coordination between major Ministries within countries to get required level success within limited time.
Incidental Detection of Von Willebrand Disease: Can A Self-Assessment Anamnesis Questionnaire Protect From litigation And Minimize Complications?
Authors: Jorge Ana Cristina Seabra Robalo Gomes , Estler Arne , Stahl Adelana Santos , Daigeler Adrien , Stahl Stéphane
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Surgical specialties are often involved in legal actions associated with inadequate or incomplete documentation. Case presentation: We report the case of a 22-year-old patient with gynecomastia who developed a unilateral hematoma after power-assisted liposuction and subcutaneous mastectomy performed in an outpatient setting under intercostal nerve block and monitored anaesthesia care. After revision surgery healing was uneventful. Further exams revealed a von Willebrand Disease. The patient had omitted a previous circumcision and the occurrence of a hematoma thereafter during the preoperative patient assessment. The specific and detailed anamnesis and the erroneous answer were documented on a structured self-assessment patient questionnaire for pre-surgical evaluation. Conclusion: Literature suggests that standardized risk assessment improves the quality of the anamnesis, the patients’ safety, the physician’s time management. This case illustrates that it may also help defend the surgeons in case of medical litigation. However, physicians need to be aware of the risk of response bias.Level of Evidence: Level V, case report
Transcriptomics and Metagenomics of Common Cutworm (Spodoptera Litura) and Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera Frugiperda) Reveal Their Differences on Detoxification and Development
Authors: Tang Ruixiang , Liu Fangyuan , Lan Yue , Wang Jiao , Wang Lei , Li Jing , Liu Xu , Fan Zhenxin , Guo Tao , Yue Bisong
Published: October 2021

BackgroundSpodoptera litura is an important polyphagous pest that causes great damage to agriculture. We performed RNA-seq from 15 individuals of S. litura, including different larval (fifth and sixth instar larvae), chrysalis, and adult developmental stages. We also sequenced the Spodoptera frugiperda to compared with the S. litura. ResultsA total of 101,885 differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) were identified in the S. litura. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses indicated that the S. litura may undergo active development and basic metabolism, such as xenobiotic and detoxifying metabolism, during its larvae and adult stages, which explains the difficulty to control it. We also found that DETs of single-copy orthologous genes between S. litura and S. frugiperda were involved in basic metabolism and developmental, but S. litura were highly enriched in energy and metabolic processes, whereas S. frugiperda had stronger nervous and olfactory functions. Metagenomics analysis in larval S. litura and S. frugiperda revealed that microbiota can both participate in the detoxification and metabolism processes in them, but the relative abundance of detoxification-related microbiota was more abundant in S. frugiperda. Transcriptome results also confirmed the detoxification-related pathway of S. frugiperda was more abundant than that of S. litura. ConclusionsTherefore, we can conclude that the detoxification ability of S. frugiperda is stronger than that of in S. litura, which is related to the wide adaptation and strong resistance of S. frugiperda. Our study might provide clues to the development of novel pest control strategies.
Spontaneous Retroperitoneal Hematoma: a Case Report, Review of Literature, and Proposal of Diagnostic and Management Algorithm
Authors: Kurotaki Takuma , Okada Naoya , Sakurai Yasuo , Yamabuki Takumi , Takada Minoru , Kato Kentaro , Yokoyama Takeshi , Ambo Yoshiyasu , Kinoshita Yoshihiro , Nakamura Fumitaka , Kashimura Nobuichi
Published: October 2021

Background: Spontaneous retroperitoneal hematoma (SRH) is defined as bleeding in the retroperitoneal space without any triggers such as trauma, invasive procedures, and abdominal aortic aneurysm. Case presentation: A 48-year-old man who experienced sudden abdominal pain, severe hypotension, and decreased hemoglobin (Hb) was diagnosed with SRH. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) revealed massive left retroperitoneal hematoma; however, neither extravasation nor causative aneurysm was noted. Through conservative management with close monitoring, he was treated and discharged on the 10th hospital day without any morbidity. Conclusions: SRH treatment comprises conservative management, transcatheter arterial embolization, and surgical intervention. The mortality rate of SRH is so high that the optimal treatment timing needs to be carefully judged based on detailed evaluation and management algorithm with clear criteria.
Optimization of Methods for the Accurate Characterization of Whole Blood Neutrophils
Authors: Connelly Ashley N. , Huijbregts Richard P.H. , Pal Harish C. , Kuznetsova Valeriya , Davis Marcus D. , Ong Krystle L. , Fay Christian X. , Greene Morgan E. , Overton Edgar T. , Hel Zdenek
Published: October 2021

Neutrophils are the most abundant circulating leukocyte population with critical roles in immune defense, regulation of innate and adaptive immune systems, and disease pathogenesis. Our progress in understanding precise mechanisms of neutrophil activation, recruitment, and function has been hampered by the lack of optimized and standardized methods for the characterization and phenotyping of this readily activated population. By comparing eight methods of neutrophil characterization, we demonstrate that the level of neutrophil activation and degranulation is associated with specific experimental conditions and the number and type of manipulation steps employed. Staining whole blood at 4ºC and removal of remaining unbound antibodies prior to one-step fixation and red blood cell lysis minimizes neutrophil activation, decreases phenotypic alterations during processing, and prevents nonspecific antibody binding. The effects of anticoagulants used for collection, processing delays, and time and temperature during sample analysis on neutrophil phenotype are addressed. The presented data provide a foundation for higher quality standards of neutrophil characterization improving consistency and reproducibility among studies.
Analysis of Screening Results of 1012 Sperm Donors in China: A Retrospective Cohort Study of Geographic Differences in Semen Quality
Authors: Zhao Qian-Cheng , Zhang Zhe , Zhao Lian-Ming , Deng Zhen-Feng , Gao Jiang-Man , Zhang Hong-Liang , Lin Hao-Cheng , Liu De-Feng , Mao Jia-Ming , Zhang Hai-Tao , Chen Yu-Long , Tang Wen-Hao , Jiang Hui
Published: October 2021

Male reproductive health has become a concern in public health, and semen quality is essential to male reproduction. To investigate the geographical differences in semen quality of sperm donors from the north and south of China, a total of 1012 sperm donors from all over China were enrolled in this work, which were divided by their residential latitude. There were statistically significant differences in sperm concentration among men from different latitudes in China(P=0.04). The sperm concentrations of people from 18°-27° north latitude were lower than those from 36°-45°, and 45°-54° (median 131, 134, 146, respectively, P=0.021[18°-27° vs. 36°-45°] and P=0.01[18°-27° vs. 45°-54°]). It was further confirmed when the samples were re-divided into 2 groups (typically north and south) that contains 667 samples. The analysis also showed a significant difference in terms of the regions to which the samples belonged (the median of the north is 134; the median of the south is 125; P =0.015). Although other sperm parameters don’t show significant change with latitude, some of them possess a strong relationship with sperm concentration (r=-0.19364, P<0.001). Specifically, we suppose that environmental pollution and mental stress due to increased population may be the main factors in the difference.
Successful Treatment with Proton Beam Therapy Alone for Postoperative Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Liver and Lymph Node Metastases After Failure of First-Line Chemotherapy
Authors: Ishikawa Yojiro , Suzuki Motohisa , Yamaguchi Hisashi , Seto Ichiro , Machida Masanori , Takagawa Yoshiaki , Jingu Keiichi , Kikuchi Yasuyuki , Murakami Masao
Published: October 2021

Background: Cisplatin (CDDP) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) are used in first-line chemotherapy for recurrent esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) after radical esophagectomy; however, patients have a poor prognosis after failure of first-line treatment. We herein report the achievement of long-term survival after proton therapy in an ESCC patient in whom the first-line chemotherapy failed. Case presentation: A 60-year-old man was diagnosed as having squamous cell carcinoma of the lower thoracic esophagus (cT2N0M0, Stage IIA). He underwent two courses of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with CDDP and 5-FU, and esophagectomy with three-field lymphadenectomy was performed. Microscopic findings after resection showed two lymph node metastases (ypT2N1M0, Stage IIB). Five months after surgery, a computed tomography scan revealed a solitary liver metastasis in the S4 area. He underwent three courses of chemotherapy with CDDP and 5-FU. Although surgeons decided to perform resection for the liver metastasis, preoperative positron emission tomography (PET) revealed two lymph node metastases. Surgeons recommended second-line chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy, bud the patient refused second-line chemotherapy and requested proton beam therapy (PBT). We performed PBT without chemotherapy for the liver metastasis and lymph node metastases with total dose of 79.2 and 60Gy relative biological effectiveness, respectively, according to the tumor location. The PBT resulted in a complete response as shown by PET. An acute side effect of grade 1 dermatitis occurred after PBT, but there was no acute or late complication of more than grade 2. The patient remains in complete remission 5 years after treatment without surgery or chemotherapy. Conclusions: PBT exerted a curative effect on postoperative recurrence of ESCC. This is the first report about PBT for postoperative ESCC with liver and lymph node metastases after failure of first-line chemotherapy for metastases in distant organs.
Cytl1 is a Key Target for Chemoradiotherapy Resistance in Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer: Based on Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: meilian Dong , Liu Fengsen , Gu Xiaobin , Mi Yin , Shi Yonggang
Published: October 2021

Background

Locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC), FIGO stage equal or more than IB1 is treated with chemotherapy and external beam radiotherapy followed by brachytherapy. However, treatment failure and distant metastasis still remain a major problem. Bioinformatics analysis was used to comprehensively evaluate the intrinsic resistance to treatment in LACC. We selected cytokine-like protein 1 (Cytl1), a novel cytokine, for validation by immunochemistry assays (IHC).

Materials and methods

The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) were analyzed to identify significant prognostic differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE algorithms was performed to validate the genetic risk score model. A total of 113 tissues were evaluated by IHC. Kaplan-Meier curves and the log-rank test were applied for survival analysis.

Results

One thousand and twenty-one genes, consisting of 663 upregulated and 358 downregulated genes, were screened out in the GSE56363 cohort. KEGG and GO pathway enrichment methods was used to analyze the abundant DEGs to find the common characteristics. A genetic risk score model which formed by fifteen genes was established from GSE56363 and validated in the TCGA discovery set. We performed the CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE algorithms to find the difference of immune related signature between the high- and low-risk group to quantify the prognostic value of the fifteen-gene risk model. Among the 22 immune cell types, CD8 T cells, resting CD4 T cells, resting mast cells, activated mast cells, monocytes, neutrophil granulocyte were significantly different between high- and low-risk group. Immune-checkpoints (LAG3 and PDCD1) were highly expressed, and associated with poor prognosis in LACC. IHC demonstrated that cytl1 overexpression was positively associated with poor overall survival (P = 0.01). Cytl1 expression was closely correlated with CD8+T cell low-expression in LACC (r = 0.889, P = 0.066).

Conclusion

This study identified a novel fifteen-gene signature biomarker for predicting the treatment effect of LACC. Moreover, the current results demonstrated that cytl1was overexpressed and associated with poor prognosis in LACC. Cytl1 may be a potential prognostic marker and novel therapeutic target for LACC.
Mitochondrial Fission-Induced mtDNA Stress Promotes ESCC Progression by cGAS-STING Mediated Autophagy
Authors: Li Yujia , Chen Hui , Yang Qi , Wan Lixin , Zhao Jing , Wu Yuanyuan , Wang Jiaxin , Yang Yating , Niu Menglan , Liu Hongliang , Liu Junqi , Yang Hushan , Wang Yanming , Wan Shaogui , Bao Dengke
Published: October 2021

Background

Mitochondrial dynamics homeostasis is important for cell metabolism, growth, proliferation, and immune responses. The critical GTPase for mitochondrial fission, Drp1 is frequently upregulated in many cancers and is closely implicated in tumorigenesis. However, the underling mechanism by Drp1 influence tumor progression is largely unknown, especially in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).
Methods

Immunohistochemistry was used to examine Drp1 and LC3B expression in tissues of ESCC patients. Autophagic vesicles were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. Fluorescent LC3B puncta and mitochondrial nucleoid were observed by microscope and confocal microscopy. Mitochondrial function was evaluated by mitochondrial membrane potential, ROS and ATP measurement. Xenograft nude mice model was performed in BALB/c nude mice to confirm the role of Drp1 on ESCC progression.
Results

We found that Drp1 high expression is correlated with poor overall survival of ESCC patients. Drp1 overexpression promotes cell proliferation and xenograft ESCC tumor growth by triggering autophagy. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Drp1 overexpression disturbs mitochondrial function and subsequent induces mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) released into the cytosol, which is recognized as cytosolic mtDNA stress. Mechanistically, cytosolic mtDNA stress activates the cGAS-STING pathway and facilitates autophagy, which promotes ESCC cancer growth. Moreover, mtDNA digestion with DNase I and autophagy inhibition with chloroquine attenuates the cGAS-STING pathway activation and ESCC cancer growth.
Conclusions

Our finding reveals that Drp1 overexpression induces mitochondrial dysfunction and cytosolic mitochondrial DNA stress, which subsequently activates the cGAS-STING pathway, triggers autophagy and promotes ESCC progression.
A Comparative Study of Intralobar Sequestration and Extralobar Pulmonary Sequestration
Authors: Duqing Xiao , Gefei Wang , Yalun Liang , Gang Yu , Zhaohong Wu
Published: October 2021

Objective: This study aims to identify the difference between patients who have been diagnosed with either intralobar sequestration (ILS) or extralobar sequestration (ELS).Methods: In this clinical study, 29 children with pulmonary sequestration (PS), diagnosed via physical examination and imaging at our hospital between January 2019 and January 2020, were enrolled. We compared whether statistical differences existed in the blood loss, operative time, and post-operative hospital stay between the two groups (ILS and ELS) after thoracoscopic pulmonary wedge resection.Results: There were no significant differences in gender, operative age, preoperative weight, and isolated lung position between the ILS and ELS groups (p > 0.05). There was significantly more intra-operative bleeding in children with ILS than those with ELS (p < 0.05), and the operation time and postoperative hospitalization times were significantly longer for those with ILS(p < 0.05). Upon microscopic evaluation after surgery, we found the appearance of ILS and ELS to be similar.Conclusion: Different types of congenital PS have different influences onnewborns during and after operation. For children with ILS, surgery is more difficult and the postoperative recovery is slower than for children with ELS. For this reason, we suggest that more attention should be paid to the clinical treatment of children with ILS. Although ILS and ELS present with different manifestations, we found no evidence of a significant difference in the postoperative microscopy of the two conditions.
Congenital Malformation of The Great Toe in Children. Did You Exclude Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva – FOP.
Authors: Madsen Maria Kirstine Møller - , Antičević Darko
Published: October 2021

Background: Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is an ultra-rare and severely disabling genetic disorder. The worldwide prevalence is approximately 1 per 2 million. Heterozygous mutations in ACVR1/ALK2 gene exist in all sporadic and familial cases of FOP. The primary aim of this study is to describe the clinical course of three children suffering from FOP and followed for fifteen, twenty-two and forty years, respectively Secondary aim is to provide clinical advice on how to diagnose the condition with special reference to the great toes malformation and give current best therapeutic approaches.Results: All three cases characterized with malformed great toes initially followed by progressive loss of mobility for a period from fifteen to forty years. Conventional radiology indicates the diagnosis and RNA/DNA test confirm it.Conclusion: Congenital malformation of the great toes in early childhood may be the first clinical sign of FOP. A devastating disease due to its progressive formation of heterotopic ossifications in soft tissue even after minor injuries. Leading to progressive immobility, skeletal deformities, chronic pain, growth defects and disabling joint stiffness. No curative treatment exists today. Management is symptomatic combined with a prophylactic lifestyle avoiding blunt and pointed trauma including surgery.
Impact of sex differences on lifestyle and glycemic control in Japanese patients with diabetes during COVID-19 lockdowns
Authors: Shikuma Junpei , Nagai Yoshiyuki , Sakurai Mamoru , Udagawa Kana , Ito Rokuro , Miwa Takashi , Suzuki Ryo
Published: October 2021

Background

Pneumonia of unknown pathogenesis detected in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in December 2019 was later found to be a new coronavirus infection that causes the now-named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The onset of the pandemic has drastically changed global lifestyles. Some reports about lifestyle changes in patients with diabetes during COVID-19 pandemic have been published. However, these studies have not assessed sex differences. Thus, we analyzed three lifestyle changes during the COVID-19 pandemic to determine any sex differences.
Methods

We analyzed physical activity, snacking habits, and drinking habits in 323 patients with diabetes. Sex differences in the changes in these three lifestyle habits were analyzed using the 𝜒2 test, and the factors that influenced the deterioration of HbA1c were analyzed by paired t-test. The factors that influenced the deterioration of HbA1c were determined by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.
Results

Of the 323 diabetic, 212 were male (65.6%) and 111 were female (34.4%). HbA1c values were higher in 2020 compared with those in 2019. Increased physical activity was higher in men, whereas decreased physical activity was higher in women. The factors that affected the deterioration in HbA1c were snacking habits for the overall population and in the male sex. No factors significantly affected HbA1c in the female population.
Conclusions

Our study confirmed that lifestyle changes differed between the sexs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Snacks influenced the deterioration of HbA1c in the overall study population and in the male population. A balanced diet and regular exercise are important for all patients with diabetes during this pandemic. This study demonstrates that more attention should be given on men’s diet, whereas physical inactivity should be emphasized for women.
Effects of Platelet-rich Fibrin on Osteogenic Differentiation of Schneiderian Membrane Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Bone Formation in Maxillary Sinus
Authors: Zhou Yanmin , Wang Jia , Sun Yue , Liu Yiping , Yu Jize , Sun Xiaolin , Wang Lin
Published: October 2021

BackgroundThe existence of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in Schneiderian membrane has not been determined. The aim of this study is to investigate whether there are MSCs in Schneiderian membrane, and the effect of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on osteogenic differentiation of these cells and on new bone formation in maxillary sinus after maxillary sinus floor elevation.MethodsSchneiderian membrane derived mesenchymal stem cells (SM-MSCs) were isolate from rabbit maxillary sinus. Cells were identified by flow cytometry and multipotential differentiation. Real-time cell analysis assay, fluorescence staining, transwell assay, and wound healing assay were used to determine the effects of PRF stimulation on cell proliferation and migration. The osteogenic differentiation ability of cells stimulated by PRF or osteoinductive medium (OM) was evaluated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, alizarin red staining, PCR and Western blot. Equivalent volume Bio-oss and the mixture of Bio-oss and PRF were used as bone graft materials for maxillary sinus floor elevation. Micro-CT, bone double-staining, HE staining, Masson staining, and toluidine blue staining were used to evaluate the osteogenic effect in 8 and 12 weeks after surgery.ResultsThe cell surface markers were positive for expression of CD90, CD105, and negative for expression of CD34, CD45. SM-MSCs had the ability of osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation. PRF can stimulate proliferation, migration and osteogenic differentiation of SM-MSCs, which is achieved by up-regulating ERK 1/2 signaling pathway. PRF can accelerate the formation of new bone in maxillary sinus and increase the amount of new bone formation. ConclusionsMSCs exist in Schneiderian membrane, and PRF stimulation can promote cell proliferation, migration and osteogenic differentiation. The application of PRF in maxillary sinus floor elevation can accelerate bone healing and increase the quantity and quality of new bone.
A Comparison of Residual Shunts After Two Different Surgical Methods for Isolated Ventricular Septal Defect Closure
Authors: Li Hongbo , Wu Chun , Pan Zhengxia , Xi Linyun
Published: October 2021

BackgroundTo examine residual defects(RS) and examined the rate of spontaneous RS closure over time to identify factors associated with the occurrence and spontaneous closure of these defects after two different operation methods.MethodsIn this retrospective analysis, we enrolled only patients with perimembranous VSDs (pmVSDs) and reviewed the clinical records of patients who underwent repair for pmVSDs between January 2016 and January 2019. All patients underwent surgery with either cardiopulmonary bypass (the CPB group) or minimally invasive closure of transthoracic VSDs under the guidance of TEE (the MIC group). There were 189 patients who underwent CPB surgery and 211 patients who underwent MIC surgery. Ultimately, there were 37 patients with RSs in the CPB group (surgical repair via CPB) and 39 patients with RSs in the MIC group (minimally invasive closure of transthoracic VSDs). Postoperatively, all surgical patients were required to return for outpatient follow-up visits, and echocardiography was required to evaluate the RS. Assessments included shunt velocity and RS size.ResultsIn the CPB group, 16 patients had a small RS, and 21 patients had a moderate RS. The comparison between the variables such as weight, preoperative VSD size, and RS size revealed no significant differences except RS size (P=0.000). To compare the spontaneous closure rates of the two sizes of RSs(the moderate group and small size group), Kaplan-Meier plots were used. These plots show that the small size was more likely to undergo spontaneous closure (P=0.034), but the final spontaneous closure rate was not significantly different (P=1.000).In the MIC group, there were 29 patients in the small group and 10 patients in the moderate group, and the variables such as weight, preoperative VSD size, and preoperative VSD size showed no significant differences except RS size and the rate of no spontaneous closure (P=0.000 vs. 0.045). The Kaplan-Meier plots (Figure 2) showed that the small size was RSs were more likely to undergo spontaneous closure (P=0.004), while the final spontaneous closure rate was significantly different between groups (P=0.045).At 2 years post-operation, 7 patients still had RSs, and the overall spontaneous closure rate was 90.8%. The size of the RS on discharge was the only variable identified, on Cox regression, to be predictive of the likelihood of spontaneous closure. The univariate analysis, however, showed that shunt velocity had no association with spontaneous closure. Factors including age, weight, sex, surgical technique, and VSD size had no association with spontaneous closure.ConclusionThe RS incidence and spontaneous closure rates were not significantly different two different operation methods. Small RSs were more likely to undergo spontaneous closure in both groups.
The Results of Clinician-Focused Implementation Strategies on Uptake and Outcome of Measurement-Based Care in General Mental Health Care
Authors: Sonsbeek Maartje van , Hutschemaekers Giel J. M. , Veerman Jan W. , Vermulst Ad , Tiemens Bea G.
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND: Measurement-Based Care (MBC) is a promising way to improve outcomes in clinical practice, but the implementation of MBC is often problematic and the uptake by clinicians is low.METHODS: We used an effectiveness-implementation hybrid design based on Grol and Wensing’s implementation framework to examine the results of clinician-focused implementation strategies on both clinicians’ uptake of MBC and outcomes of MBC for clients in general mental health care. Primary outcomes were questionnaire completion rate and discussion of feedback. Secondary outcomes were treatment outcome, treatment length, and satisfaction with treatment. RESULTS: There was a significant medium effect of the MBC implementation strategies on questionnaire completion rate (one part of the clinicians’ uptake), but no significant effect on the amount of discussion of the feedback (the other part of the clinicians’ uptake). Neither was there a significant effect on clients’ outcomes (treatment outcome, treatment length, satisfaction with treatment).CONCLUSIONS: Establishing and sustaining MBC in real world general mental health care is very complex. Our study helps to disentangle the effects of MBC implementation strategies on differential clinician uptake, but the effects of MBC implementation strategies on client outcomes need further examination.
Serum exosomal lncRNA SNHG7 is increased in NSCLC and predicts unfavorable prognosis
Authors: Zhang Zhenkui , Zhao Liqiang , Wang Zhijian , Yu Lixin , Sun Fenghua
Published: October 2021

BackgroundExosomal long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are proposed as promising non-invasive biomarkers for clinical applications.AimsIn this study, we aimed to explore the potential of serum exosomal lncRNA SNHG7 for the diagnosis and prognosis prediction of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsA total of 128 patients with NSCLC and 80 healthy volunteers were enrolled. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to measure the expression level of serum exosomal lncRNA SNHG7 in all participants. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to analyze the diagnostic value of serum exosomal lncRNA SNHG7 and CEA for NSCLC. The relationship between serum exosomal lncRNA SNHG7 expression and clinical characteristics of NSCLC was also assessed.ResultsSerum exosomal lncRNA SNHG7 levels were significantly upregulated in NSCLC patients compared to controls. In addition, serum exosomal lncRNA SNHG7 yield a ROC area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.856 with 77.34% sensitivity and 83.75% specificity for identifying NSCLC patients from normal controls. Combining serum exosomal lncRNA SNHG7 and CEA improved the diagnostic accuracy of NSCLC, with an AUC of 0.932 with 88.28% sensitivity and 86.25% specificity. Moreover, serum exosomal SNHG7 levels were significantly downregulated in post-operative blood samples whereas markedly higher in patients who experienced a relapse. Significant associations of elevated serum exosomal lncRNA SNHG7 expression with TNM stage, lymphatic invasion and lymph node metastasis were observed. High serum exosomal SNHG7 expression was associated with poorer survival and served as an independent prognostic factor for NSCLC.ConclusionsIn conclusion, our data demonstrates that serum exosomal SNHG7 expression might be a potential valuable biomarker for NSCLC detection and prognosis prediction.
Associations of Bedtime Schedules In Childhood With Obesity Risk In Adolescence
Authors: Mireku Michael O. , Fábelová Lucia
Published: October 2021

Objective: To investigate long-term associations of bedtime schedules and bedtimes in childhood with obesity risk and adiposity in later years.Methods: This cohort study is a secondary analysis of non-obese 7-year-old singleton children participating in the Millennium Cohort Study, a nationally representative prospective cohort of children born between 09/2000 and 01/2002 in the UK. Bedtimes and regularity of bedtimes of 7-year-olds were reported by parents. Obesity, from objectively body mass index, and bio-electric impedance body fat percentage (BFP) measurements at 11 and 14 years were considered outcomes. Results: In total, 11044 and 9898 children representing 87.3% and 78.3% of eligible sample were followed at 11 and 14 years, respectively. Obesity risk at 11 and 14 years was higher among children with never regular bedtimes at 7 years compared with those with always regular bedtimes (Risk Ratio, RR, 2.8 [95% CI, 1.8–1.4] and 2.3 [95% CI, 1.5–3.6], respectively). Increasing irregularity of childhood bedtime was associated with increasing risk of obesity at both 11 and 14 years in a dose–response manner (Ptrend <0.001; and Ptrend = 0.002, respectively). BFP at 11 years increased by 1.1% (95% CI, 0.8–1.5) for boys and 1.0% (95% CI, 0.6–1.4) for girls for every hour delay in childhood bedtime. Conclusions: Irregular bedtime schedules and later bedtimes in childhood were associated with increased risk of obesity in early- and mid-adolescence in a dose–response manner. There was marginal, but significant, increases in BFP during adolescence for children with later bedtimes.
Three-Dimensional Transient Finite Element Cooling Simulation For Injection Molding Tools
Authors: Chen Lu , Zhou Xiaowei , Huang Zhigao , Zhou Huamin
Published: October 2021

Plastic injection molding is one of the most popular manufacturing processes for mass production, and optimizing the mold cooling system is critical for reducing the cycle time and improving the final part quality. Conventional cooling simulation uses the boundary element method to perform the cycle-averaged analysis, which is a simplification due to computational resources limitation. This paper develops a three-dimensional transient cooling simulation method based on the finite element method, which can simulate the complex mold system accurately and efficiently. It is shown that this method finishes the transient cooling analysis in 478 seconds on the real-world injection molding mold with more than 6.9 million tetrahedral elements. Its accuracy is compared against the experimental results with the maximum temperature error less than 4%, and the average temperature error less than 1%.
Influence of Sex And Knee Joint Rotation On Patellofemoral Joint Stress Through A Mathematical Modelling Study
Authors: Tomoya Takabayashi , Mutsuaki Edama , Takuma Inai , Yuta Tokunaga , Masayoshi Kubo
Published: October 2021

Background: Females are two times as likely to experience patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) than males; however, the reason for this sex difference remains unclear. Patellofemoral joint (PFJ) stress is believed to contribute to PFPS alterations through knee joint rotation alignment, but the influence of knee joint rotation conditions on PFJ stress is unclear. We aimed to investigate the influence of sex and knee joint rotation alignment on PFJ stress. Methods: Simulation ranges were set to knee joint flexion angles of 10°-45° (common to both sexes) and extension moments of 0-240 Nm (males) and 0-220 Nm (females). The quadriceps force and effective lever arm length at the quadriceps muscle were determined as a function of the knee joint flexion angle and extension moment. The PFJ contact area, which is specific to sex, and knee joint rotation was calculated from cadaver data, and PFJ stress was estimated. Results: In all knee joint rotation conditions, PFJ stress was higher in females than in males. Additionally, PFJ stress in males and females was the largest under neutral conditions compared with other rotation conditions. Conclusion: The results may be useful for understanding the underlying mechanisms contributing to the differences in PFPS in males and females.
A Cluster Randomized Trial of Delivery of Intermittent Preventive Treatment of Malaria in Pregnancy at the Community Level in Malawi
Authors: Rubenstein Beth , Chinkhumba Jobiba , Chilima Ethel , Kwizombe Collins , Malpass Ashley , Cash Shelby , Wright Katherine , Troell Peter , Nsona Humphrey , Kachale Fannie , Ali Doreen , Kaunda Evans , Lankhulani Sosten , Kayange Michael , Mathanga Don P , Munthali John , Gutman Julie
Published: October 2021

Background

Malaria in pregnancy doubles the risk of low birthweight and causes 11% of all neonatal deaths in sub-Saharan Africa. To prevent these and other adverse health consequences, the World Health Organization recommends administering intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp) with sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine for all pregnant women at each antenatal care (ANC) visit, starting as early as possible in the second trimester. The target is for countries to administer a minimum of three doses (IPTp3+) to at least 85% of pregnant women.
Methods

A cluster randomized, controlled trial was conducted to assess the effect of delivery of IPTp by community health workers on the coverage of IPTp3+ and ANC visits in Malawi. Community delivery of IPTp was implemented within two districts in Malawi over a 21-month period, from November 2018 to July 2020. In control sites, IPTp was delivered at health facilities. Representative samples of women who delivered in the prior 12 months were surveyed at baseline (n=370, December 2017) and endline (n=687, August 2020). A difference in differences analysis was conducted to assess the change in coverage of IPTp and ANC over time, accounting for clustering at the health facility level.
Results

Overall IPTp coverage increased over the study period. At baseline, women received a mean of 2.3 IPTp doses (range 0–5 doses) across both arms, and at endline, women received a mean of 2.8 doses (range 0–9 doses). Despite overall increases, the change in IPTp3+ coverage was not significantly different between intervention and control groups (6.9%, 95% CI: -5.9%, 19.6%). ANC4+ coverage increased significantly in the intervention group compared with the control group, with a difference-in-differences of 25.3 percentage points (95% CI: 1.3%, 49.3%).
Conclusions

In order to reduce the burden of malaria in pregnancy, new strategies are needed to improve uptake of effective interventions such as IPTp. While community health workers’ delivery of IPTp did not increase uptake in this study, they may be effective in other settings or circumstances. Further research can help identify the health systems characteristics that are conducive to community delivery of IPTp and the operational requirements for effective implementation.
Trial registration:

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03376217. Registered December 6, 2017, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03376217
Complete Genome Analysis of a Novel Alcaligenes Faecalis Phage vB_Af_QDWS595
Authors: Jing Yujie , Lin Hong , Ning Houqi , Wang Jingxue
Published: October 2021

A novel lytic phage named vB_Af_QDWS595 against Alcaligenes faecalis was isolated and characterized in this study. The genome of phage vB_Af_QDWS595 was sequenced and analyzed, and the result revealed that the phage contained a 88,795 bp of circular double-stranded DNA with 41.12% of GC content. There were 74 putative open reading frames (ORFs) and 11 tRNAs predicted in genome of phage vB_Af_QDWS595. Phenotype and phylogeny analysis indicated that this phage might be a new member within the family Schitoviridae. Phage vB_Af_QDWS595 is the first sequenced phage against Alcaligenes faecalis to the best of our knowledge.
Air, helium and water leakage in rubber O-ring seals with application to syringes
Authors: Huon Carine , Tiwari Avinash , Rotella Cinzia , Mangiagalli Paolo , persson bo
Published: October 2021

We study the leakage of fluids (liquids or gases) in syringes with glass barrel, steel plunger and rubber O-ring stopper. The leakrate depends on the interfacial surface roughness and on the viscoelastic properties of the rubber. Random surface roughness is produced by sandblasting the rubber O-rings. We present a very simple theory for gas flow which takes into account both the diffusive and ballistic flow. The theory shows that the interfacial fluid flow (leakage) channels are so narrow that the gas flow is mainly ballistic (the so called Knudsen limit). We compare the leakrate obtained using air and helium. For barrels filled with water we observe no leakage even if leakage occurs for gases. We interpret this as resulting from capillary (Laplace pressure
or surface energy) effects.
Estimation of Some Trace Metals Contamination in Waste Newspapers
Authors: Ahmed Hatem , Johar Ahmed , Janjua Muhammad , Alhafez Nada
Published: October 2021

In the current study, different types of waste newspapers in the Middle East and Asia were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by Inductively Coupled Plasma and Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP OES) for trace metals contamination. 11 samples from different newspapers collected by the researchers from local markets were analyzed for arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), aluminum (Al), and zinc (Zn). Trace metals concentrations in the samples were compared with those established by the various specialized councils. Digestion solution for samples digested in this study included 10 ml of 69% nitric acid and 2 ml of 30% hydrogen peroxide. Based on the results for light fonts, the average content of As, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb was (2.8, 1.5, 6.9, 5.6, and 5.0 µgL-1), while was (3.4 and 0.18 mgL-1) for Al, and Zn, respectively. In bold fonts, the content of As, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb was (4.9, 2.4, 9.1, 7.9, and 7.0 µgL-1, respectively), while Al and Zn were (5.7 mg/l and 0.32 mgL-1) respectively. In the pictures, the levels of As, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb were (6.1, 2.99, 11.2, 9.4, and 8.99 µgL-1), while Al and Zn were (8.2, and 0.39 mgL-1), respectively. The results showed that all levels of trace metals under study were within the specialized global councils' permitted limits, but the presence of trace metals in waste newspapers, even within the permitted limits, remains a source of great concern, as exposure to these elements has a significant impact on consumer health.
Multivariate Weighted Isotonic Regressive Modest Adaptive Boosting Based Resource-Aware Routing In WSN
Authors: Muruganandam N. , Venkatraman V. , Venkatesan R.
Published: October 2021

WSN includes a scenario where huge amount of sensor nodes are distributed to monitor environmental conditions with route collected data towards sinks via the internet. WSNs efficiently manage the wider network with available resources, such as residual energy and wireless channel bandwidth. Therefore, routing algorithm is important to enhance battery-constrained networks. Many existing techniques are developed for balancing consumption of energy but efficient routing was not achieved. Multivariate Weighted Isotonic Regressive Modest Adaptive Boosting based Resource Aware Routing (MWIRMAB-RAR) technique is introduced for enhancing routing. The MWIRMAB-RAR technique includes a different process namely resource-aware node selection, route path discovery, and data transmission. Initially, the MWIRMAB-RAR technique uses the Modest Adaptive Boosting technique uses the Multivariate Weighted Isotonic Regression function for detecting resource-efficient sensor nodes for effective data transmission. After that, multiple route paths are established based on the time of flight method. After establishes route path, source node sends data packets to sink node via resource-efficient nodes. The data delivery was enhanced and minimizes packet loss as well as delay. The simulation analysis is carried out on certain performance factors such as energy consumption, packet delivery ratio, packet loss rate, and delay with number of data packets and sensor nodes. The obtained evaluation indicates MWIRMAB-RAR outperforms well in terms of increasing data packet delivery and reduces consumption of energy, packet loss rate, and delay.
The Intermarium As a Pivotal Geopolitical Buzzword
Authors: Kushnir Ostap
Published: October 2021

This article focuses on historical and contemporary connotations of the Intermarium concept—Ukrainian and Polish academic and political thought on how to organize and govern the space between the Baltic and Black seas—employing the ideas of Józef Piłsudski, Józef Beck, Michał Czajkowski (Mykhailo Chaikovs'kyi), Mykhailo Drahomanov, members of the Brotherhood of Saints Cyril and Methodius, and other intellectuals. In this context, it traces Ukraine’s and Poland’s attempts to construct Intermarium-type intergovernmental frameworks in the aftermath of the Cold War. It also examines the current stage of Ukrainian-Polish co-operation—the latter being regarded by Intermarium founding fathers as a vital precondition for this framework to be realized. In this respect, the article considers bilateral advancements in political, economic, cultural, and security spheres. As the emergence of a Ukrainian-Polish institutionalized linchpin is impossible in the contemporary geopolitical architecture, the article proposes that the term “Intermarium” has become ambiguous. If by chance the Intermarium comes into being as a defensive alliance today, it might bring more harm than benefit to the regional security.
The Intermarium in Ukrainian and Polish Foreign Policy Discourse
Authors: Polegkyi Oleksii
Published: October 2021

The ongoing Russian-Ukrainian conflict, crises in the European Union (EU), and armed conflicts in the EU neighbourhood have influenced the prospects of future development in eastern and central Europe. A search for new security architecture on the margins of the EU and regional collaborations that prevail across formal EU borders have forced national elites in Poland and Ukraine to redefine their efforts regarding regional and security co-operation. Rationales for joining an Intermarium (a regional, transnational project involving successor states of the former Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth countries) are based on the perception of a threat coming from Russia. This article analyzes the Intermarium concept, first, from the perspective of “geopolitical imaginary” with emphasis on periphery-centre relations and, second, in the light of regional “security dilemma” as it appears in attempt of “smaller” states to counteract Russian threats.
The Ukrainian Kyrylytsia, Restored: An Automation Project for Adding the Cyrillic Fields to Ukrainian Records in OCLC WorldCat
Authors: Toves Jenny , Tashlitskyy Roman , Soglasnova Lana
Published: October 2021

This report from the field concerns a collaborative project which resulted in successfully adding the Cyrillic fields to about 30,000 Ukrainian bibliographic records in OCLC WorldCat, the world’s largest online catalogue. Historically, the Ukrainian records in English-speaking libraries were only provided in transliteration according to the Library of Congress Romanization Table. However, the current standards also require the original script, such as the Ukrainian Kyrylytsia. While automating the Cyrillicization of Ukrainian legacy records is theoretically straightforward, in practice it faced more than one challenge, from poor quality of transliteration to the historical changes in Ukrainian orthography. The report presents the OCLC Ukrainian Cyrillicization project and discusses the steps in its implementation as an example of a successful collaboration in the areas of bibliographic automation, Ukrainian philology and culture, Slavic cataloguing, and linguistics.
Evaluation of Physics Frameworks for Building Web-Based Games
Authors: Yogya Resa , Kosala Raymond
Published: October 2021

Recently, WebGL technology has shown a lot of potential for developing games. Since this technology is still relatively new, there is still much potential in the game development area that has not been explored yet. This paper explores the development of a game engine made with WebGL technology that integrates some physics frameworks for developing web-based 2D or 3D games. Specifically, we integrated three open source physics frameworks, which are Bullet, Cannon, and JigLib, into a WebGL-based game engine. We assessed these frameworks using some experiments, in terms of their correctness or accuracy, performance, completeness and compatibility. The results show that it is possible to integrate open source physics frameworks into a WebGL-based game engine, and Bullet is the best physics framework to be integrated into a WebGL-based game engine.