bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficient Original-Destination Bandwidth: A Novel Model for Arterial Traffic Signal Coordination
Authors: Wang Ying , Tian Zongzhong
Published: November 2020

This paper proposes an efficient origin-estimation bandwidth (OD band) model, which provides dedicated progression bands for arterial traffic based on the real-time dynamic matrix of their estimated OD pairs. The innovations of the OD band model are as follows: First, the dynamics of through and turning-in/out traffics are analyzed based on the matrix of their estimated OD pairs, and used to generate the traffic movement sequence at continuous intersections; Second, the end-time of green interval for lag-lag phase sequence at continuous intersections is determined according to the relevant constraints, the relationship between the start/end-time of green interval and the minimum/maximum green intervals; Third, the bandwidths of the two directions of the artery ware produced, after being weighted by their traffic demands. The intuitiveness, convenience, and feasibility of the OD band model were fully demonstrated through a case study. Overall, the OD band model helps to produce bi-directional progression bands for traffic with many turning movements on the artery, and enables the through and turning-in/out traffics to proceed through continuous intersections, when the signals at those intersections are green.
An Efficient of Direct Torque Control of Indirect Three Level Matrix Converter Fed Dual Stator Induction Motor Based on Synergetic Controller
Authors: Moati Yahia , Kouzi Katia
Published: November 2020

As know, Direct Torque Control (DTC) suffers from the high ripples of the torque and flux, caused by the variable switching frequency. Torque ripple in DTC drives can be reduced if an Indirect Three-Level Matrix Converter (ITLMC) is employed instead of a conventional Two-Level Indirect Matrix Converter. Nevertheless, this problem can be still large if low switching frequencies are used. In order to overcome this problem, a Constant Switching Frequency controller (CSFC) is proposed to replace the five-level hysteresis torque comparator for reducing the ripples and improving the flux regulation in low and zero speed operation. Furthermore, the control scheme performance is enhanced by inserting a robust Synergetic Controller (SC) in the outer loop for speed regulation. Simulation results with a comparative analysis have indicated the special merit of the proposed scheme, which makes it competitive with the existing control strategies.
Wind Turbine Lubrication Based on Parallel Control of Multiple Factors
Authors: Yang Xiaopin , Liu Xinyu , Kou Guiyue , Xu Chunxia , Zhang Wenhua , Hu Rui , Wang Cui , Zhao Zhiying
Published: November 2020

The lubrication needs of wind turbines vary with the operating conditions. To provide a dynamic lubrication scheme for wind turbines under variable conditions, this paper designs a dynamically adjustable lubrication scheme through parallel control of multiple influencing factors. Based on mid- and long-term loads, the proposed scheme fully considers the influence of various sudden changes in addition to slowly changing factors like load, operating hours, and speed, such as to dynamically adjust the injection flow as per the specific operating condition of the turbine. The ideal lubrication effect was tracked through the adjustment of the injection flow or injection time, and used to determine the optimal dynamic lubrication control strategy during turbine operation. The proposed control strategy overcomes the defects of the traditional fixed-time fixed-flow lubrication approach, and provides reasonable on-demand lubrication schemes for wind turbines in different operating conditions. The on-demand injection of lubricant prevents under- or over-lubrication, reduces the rate of mechanical failure, and extends the service life of wind turbines. Suffice it to say that the proposed control strategy can lower power generation cost and save energy, making wind turbines more profitable.
Three-Dimensional Image Recognition of Athletes' Wrong Motions Based on Edge Detection
Authors: Wang Haiying
Published: November 2020

The traditional 3D visual motion amplitude tracking algorithms cannot acquire the complete contour features, not to mention the correction of wrong motions in sports training. To solve the problem, this paper designs a 3D visual image recognition method based on contourlet domain edge detection, and applies it to the recognition of athlete’s wrong motions in sports training. Firstly, the visual reconstruction and feature analysis of human motions were carried out, and the edge detection features were extracted by edge detection algorithm. Then, a 3D visual motion amplitude tracking method was proposed based on improved inverse kinematics. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively realize the recognition of 3D visual images of athlete motions, and improve the correction and judgment ability of athlete motions.
Thoughts on the Teaching Reform of Economic Law Courses for
Economic Management Majors
Authors: Zhang Yuanzhao
Published: November 2020

With the continuous progress and development of the global economy, the teaching quality of economic law courses in economics and management in colleges and universities has also received close attention. Colleges and universities, as the transportation base of professional and applied high-quality talents, not only Real-time innovative teaching strategies are needed to improve the actual effects of classroom teaching, and more scientific and reasonable teaching goals must be formulated according to the development situation of the modern social market economy, and more targeted to cultivate talents with high literacy in line with the development of modern society to meet the economic development needs of modern society as much as possible.
A Probe into the Sustainable Development of the Japanese Talent
Cultivation by the Cooperation between Private Universities and
Enterprises
Authors: Yuan Tao , Yuan Shuai , Yu Shiqi , Li Zhexi , Qian Yu , Ma Yuwei , Teng Jie
Published: November 2020

With the increasingly frequent exchanges between China and Japan, many companies in China are in urgent need of high-quality Japanese professionals. In this context, private colleges and universities pay more and more attention to school-enterprise cooperation, hoping to further optimize the talent training model of Japanese majors through school-enterprise cooperation. This article starts from the analysis of the problems existing in the training of Japanese professionals in private universities, and focuses on the exploration of the sustainable development of the training of Japanese professionals in private colleges and universities, with a view to comprehensively improving the teaching quality of Japanese professionals in private colleges and universities, and delivering more talents to the society.
New Thoughts on College Chinese Teaching Based on Curriculum
Ideological and Political Concept
Authors: Chen Yangdong
Published: November 2020

College Chinese is a basic subject in colleges and universities, which is rich in knowledge, literature, and ideology as a unique advantage. Through the study of excellent literary works, students can not only improve their cultural literacy, but also promote their aesthetic ability and the cultivation of their ideological and moral qualities. College Chinese is one of the important ways of ideological and political education in colleges and universities in the new era. This article describes the current situation of college Chinese ideological and political education, analyzes the current problems in college Chinese teaching, and discusses approaches to effectively exert the ideological and political functions of college Chinese.
Research on the Construction of Curriculum Teaching Mode Integrating Workshop Management into Teaching
Authors: Yang Xiaoping
Published: November 2020

In recent years, with the deepening of the teaching reform of “integration of production and education” in colleges and universities in our country, the construction of a curriculum teaching model that integrates workshop management with teaching has gradually become an important direction of teaching reform in many vocational colleges. This article focuses on the “preparatory stage of the construction of a course teaching model integrating workshop management with teaching”, “the process stage of the construction of a course teaching model integrating workshop management with teaching”, and “assessment of the construction of a course teaching model integrating workshop management with teaching” “Stage” these aspects are discussed, hoping to further improve the construction of the curriculum teaching model that integrates workshop management with teaching, and comprehensively improve the quality of China’s vocational education and teaching.
Modern Application of Computer Science and Technology
Authors: Zhao Jinghai
Published: November 2020

In the current era of rapid development of science and technology, computer technology has been used in various fields and has become an indispensable part of people’s lives. Nowadays, the quality of life has improved significantly, and at the same time, people are pursuing higher and higher goals. In order to meet the ideal living conditions that people are pursuing, relevant computer personnel are also working hard to explore modern applications of computers and technology. The connection makes the computer a symbol of the development of the times. At this stage in China, since computer technology is not yet mature, this article discusses the problems in the modern application of computer science and technology and the methods to solve the existing problems.
Refection on the development of online physical education during the
epidemic
Authors: Zhang Yonggang
Published: November 2020

In the past few months, the sudden outbreak of new coronary pneumonia disrupted our normal study and life. However, in order not to affect the progress of students’ learning, various schools have carried out online education and carried out non-stop teaching. Online teaching has become the norm in recent months. This teaching method has caught teachers, students, and parents a little bit off guard. However, as time goes by, everyone is becoming more and more familiar with this method. There are still some problems in teaching. This article analyzes the teaching characteristics of online physical education during the prevention and control of the new coronavirus epidemic, as well as the teaching principles of online physical education and the current status of online physical education. The online teaching strategy puts forward several aspects and directions for online physical education to be improved in the future.
Research on the Optimization of Physical Education Curriculum
in Chinese Elementary and Middle Schools from the Perspective of
Healthy China
Authors: Xu Chengwei , Lv Xiaofeng , Li Zhongyi
Published: November 2020

at present, the physical education and health course in primary and secondary schools in China is faced with the dilemma of failing to strengthen the body and bring health and vitality to the students. Through the method of literature review and comparative analysis, this paper studies the physical education curriculum of primary and secondary schools in China, finds that there are some problems in the curriculum of primary and secondary school sports, and explores the social impact of these problems from multiple perspectives. From the perspective of “healthy China 2030”, this paper puts forward the following suggestions: 1. Adjusting measures to local conditions, vigorously promoting the development of school-based physical education curriculum; 2. Paying attention to the clarity of curriculum objectives, reflecting the gradual and targeted of curriculum objectives; 3. Constructing the primary, junior high and high school integrated physical education curriculum teaching content system, hoping that this study could provide a certain theoretical support for Chinese primary and secondary school physical education and health courses so that physical education could become an important position for young people to civilize their spirit and savage their physique, and provide help for the early realization of sports power and healthy China.
Design and Implementation of Project-oriented and Task-driven
Teaching Model——Take Logistics Strategy Consulting as an example
Authors: Qu Rongcheng
Published: November 2020

The course Logistics Strategy Consulting has the characteristics of strong practicality, strong comprehensiveness and emphasis on analytical thinking. The traditional classroom teaching model has been difficult to adapt to the teaching requirements of this course. At the same time, in the context of higher education reform, a new “project-oriented, task-driven” teaching model came into being. The implementation of the logistics strategy consulting course based on the new teaching model can effectively improve the practicality of course teaching and stimulate students’ comprehensive analysis ability to achieve higher teaching quality. In this regard, the following article discusses the design and implementation of the “project-oriented, task-driven” teaching mode of the “Logistics Strategy Consulting” course, in order to lay a good foundation for the further promotion and application of this teaching model.
Design and Application of E-Learning Environment Layered
Structure Model in Colleges and Universities
Authors: Fang Fang
Published: November 2020

There are problems such as unclear labor division and insufficient contact between departments in the e-learning education environment in higher education. Each of colleges or universities needs to design its own model and apply it to the education and teaching environment based on the unique structure, organization, management system and other conditions to improve the management efficiency of learning, education and teaching, which improves the level of management and gives full play to its role. This article briefly discusses the design and application of e-learning environment layered structure model in colleges and universities.
SITUAÇÕES DE VULNERABILIDADES EM SAÚDE VIVENCIADAS POR TRABALHADORAS SEXUAIS EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA DA COVID-19
Authors: Couto Pablo Luiz Santos , Gomes Antônio Marcos Tosoli , Pereira Samantha Souza da Costa , Vilela Alba Benemérita Alves , Flores Tarcísio Da Silva , Porcino Carle
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: refletir sobre as situações de vulnerabilidades em saúde vivenciadas por trabalhadoras sexuais durante a pandemia decorrente da infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2. Método: trata-se de estudo reflexivo, fundamentado no referencial teórico conceitual da vulnerabilidade em quatro dimensões: ontológica, epidemiológica, simbólica e político-programática. Resultado: a saúde das profissionais do sexo, na experiência cotidiana do trabalho sexual, tem sido um desafio para os governos entre todos os grupos associados a estigmas e populações vulneráveis, justamente por serem marginalizados socialmente. Isso se configura como importante para a compreensão desse fenômeno em meio à crise financeira, econômica e de saúde que pessoas de diferentes nações sofrem diante do progresso da SARS-CoV-2. Conclusão: as situações de vulnerabilidade em saúde decorrente da infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2 que expõem as profissionais do sexo são consolidadas, principalmente, pela ausência do Estado na proteção sócio legal e na garantia dos direitos humanos, para que essas mulheres adquiram condições de enfrentamento e prevenção.

Descritores: Trabalhadoras Sexuais. COVID-19. Coronavírus. Vulnerabilidade em Saúde. Populações Vulneráveis.
DIAGNÓSTICOS E INTERVENÇÕES DE ENFERMAGEM A CRIANÇAS COM SINAIS RESPIRATÓRIOS DE GRAVIDADE DA COVID-19
Authors: Dias Renise Bastos Farias , Ferraz Luana Cavalcante Costa , Barbosa Nirliane Ribeiro , Peixoto Rita de Cássia Batista de Oliveira , Farias Maria Betânia Monteiro de , Correia Larissa Tenório Andrade , Silva Andrey Ferreira da
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: descrever diagnósticos e intervenções de enfermagem a crianças com sinais respiratórios de gravidade da COVID-19. Método: estudo exploratório, descritivo, do tipo revisão narrativa, realizado em junho de 2020, embasado pelas evidências científicas publicadas na base PUBCOVID-19, para posterior elaboração de diagnósticos utilizando a Taxonomia North American Nursing Diagnoses Association – International, e intervenções ancoradas na Nursing Interventions Classification. Resultados: a dispneia e o desconforto respiratório foram os sinais de gravidade mais evidenciados na criança com COVID-19. Foram elaboradas três principais afirmativas diagnósticas: Troca de Gases Prejudicada, Padrão Respiratório Ineficaz e Ventilação Espontânea Prejudicada, com 24 Intervenções de Enfermagem correspondentes em quatro domínios: o fisiológico, comportamental, de segurança, e o de família. Conclusão: a descrição dos diagnósticos e intervenções de enfermagem, ancorados pelas taxonomias NANDA e NIC, respectivamente, apresenta inovação na literatura científica brasileira.

Descritores: Enfermagem Pediátrica. Cuidados de Enfermagem. Infecções por Coronavírus. Diagnóstico de Enfermagem.
Wood as a chemical raw material. History and modernity. II. Wood anatomy as a factor of its chemical activity
Authors:   BMSTU (Mytishchi branch), Kononov G.N. , Zaytsev V.D. ,   BMSTU (Mytishchi branch)
Published: November 2020

The article is devoted to the history of studying the anatomy and morphology of woody plants, structural features of the basic anatomical elements inherent in deciduous and coniferous wood. Information is provided on the influence of the structural features of anatomical elements on the properties of fibrous semi-finished products and various types of paper and cardboard obtained from them. The influence of the wood structure of various species on the property of coals obtained as a result of their pyrolysis is shown. The features of the processes of penetration of liquid reagents into wood as a natural heterocapillary system are considered.
Study results of pine and larch provenance trial in Serebryanoborsky experimental forest district
Authors:   Institute of Fоrеst Science Russian Academy of Sciences, Merzlenko M.D. , Melnik P.G. ,   Institute of Fоrеst Science Russian Academy of Sciences; BMSTU (Mytishchi branch), Glazunov Yu.B. ,   Institute of Fоrеst Science Russian Academy of Sciences, Kozhenkova A.A. ,   The N.V. Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Perevalova E.A. ,   Institute of Fоrеst Science Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: November 2020

The results of the cultivation of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in the provenance trial in the Serebryanoborsky experimental forest district of the Institute of Forestry of the Russian Academy of Sciences are summarized. The silvicultural effect was assessed by a comprehensive indicator of the feasibility of introducing specific pine conventions. It was established that the use of pine seeds of exclusively local provenances cannot be considered justified. In the vast area of pine there are very remote populations of a local nature, the seed of which, when moved, can be successfully used to create highly productive artificial stands. The 68 year old geographical plantations of larch growth and production rates of 18 climotypes of 14 larch species were compared. These species are Polish larch (Larix polonica Racib.), European larch (Larix decidua Mill. f. Sudetica), Larix sukaczewii Dylis, Siberian larch (Larix sibirika Ledeb.), Larix cajanderi Mayr., Larix gmelinii Rupr., Larix Czekanovskii Szaf, Larix amurensis Kolesn., Olgan larch (Larix olgensis Henry), Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carrière), Larix kurilensis Maur., Larix principis Rupprechtii Maur., Larix potaninii Bat, American larch (Larix laricina (Duroi) K. Koch). Polish larch, Japanese larch, European larch and Olgan larch have the best growth rate results. Climotypes from Siberia and American larch showed worst results. Polish larch (812 m3/ha) and Japanese (804 m3/ha) larch from the Southern Sakhalin have the highest stem volume. The final estimations showed that the climotypes of Polish larch, European larch from Sudetes and Japanese larch from the Southern Sakhalin are suitable for introduction in the Moscow Region. The climotypes from the Far East, namely Larix amurensis Kolesn., Olgan larch and Larix kurilensis Maur., had positive silvicultural effect. The inland climotypes from Asia together with American larch showed negative results.
Dynamics of Siberian pine (Pinus sibirica) seed production in Novosibirsk region
Authors:   Novosibirsk state agrarian University, Parkina O.V. , Tretyakova R.A. ,   Novosibirsk state agrarian University, Galitskaya G.A. ,   West Siberian branch of FSUE Roslesinforg
Published: November 2020

The results of an analytical review and evaluation of long-term experimental data on the dynamics of seed-bearing of Siberian pine in the Novosibirsk region at the objects of the forest seed base in the Iskitim forestry are presented. The analysis of the development of the generative part of the cedar depending on the hydrothermal conditions of the years of study and the individual variability of clones. The data obtained indicate that the growing conditions and humidity, as well as the temperature factor affect the periodicity of seed production. The years that differ in the volume of cedar seed harvesting for the period 2009–2017 are highlighted. Years of mass harvests and crop failures need to be investigated to study the causes of periodicity of fruiting and features of the process of pollination, fertilization and development of cones.
Structure and distribution of larch forests in Middle Urals
Authors:   Ural State Forestry Engineering Universit, Opletaev A.S.
Published: November 2020

The results of research describing the structure and distribution patterns of stands with larch (Larix sukaczewii Dyl.) in the forests of the Middle Urals of the Sverdlovsk region are presented. Larch forests grows on an area of 17,146 ha in all forest districts. The distribution of larch forests by age groups is heterogeneous, and its dependence is described by a third-order polynomial trend line with a reliable approximation value of 0,9671. The share of larch young forests of the 1st and 2nd age classes was 43,1 % of the total area of larch forests 7387 ha. Medium-aged larch forests grow on an area of 4493 ha (26,2 %). There is a low proportion of plantings (6,5 % or 1118 ha) that are older than average, but have not reached technical maturity. Forests with larch at the age of technical maturity and old-growth forests grow on an area of 4148 ha (24,2 %). The maximum average stock of larch stands (268 m3/ha) was recorded at the age of older than average, but did not reach technical maturity. Since larch is a light-loving species, natural thinning of stands occurs with increasing age and density decreases, so there is a decrease in average forest reserves at the age of technical maturity and old-growth forests (248 and 197 m3/ha, respectively). Intensive forest use has a significant impact on the distribution of the area of plantings by age groups, but a large proportion of young and middle-aged forests is noted as a positive fact, which indicates the success of larch reforestation in the forest-growing conditions of the Middle Urals. It is concluded that increasing the share of larch trees in the forest fund of the Middle Urals is advisable due to measures to care for the forest in the mountainous part of the taiga zone, and in the flat part of it is necessary to increase the share of artificial larch plantations.
Morphological and anatomical characteristics of needles in seedlings and vegetative progeny of different ages from mutational witches’ brooms of Pinus sibirica Du Tour
Authors:   Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Polyakova O.I. ,   Tomsk State University
Published: November 2020

The study was carried out using three objects: 1) clones of the mutational witches’ brooms and the normal crown grafted together on the same rootstock; 2) mutant seedlings of the witches’ brooms; 3) clones of the witches’ brooms mutant seedlings. It was shown that the morphological and anatomical needle characteristics are affected as by the presence and the expression of the mutation, as well as the age of the maternal tree and the presence of a rootstock. Each factor and the interaction of some factors makes a significant contribution to the differences between the groups in the main needle characteristics. The mutant seedlings and their clones formed the shortest needles; they also had smaller areas of the central cylinder, resin ducts, mesophyll and vascular cylinder. Morphological and anatomical needle traits varied between the families, the needle length was a rather conservative trait in the families. Some differences between the groups from different families of witches’ brooms were due to the natural diversity of the maternal witches’ brooms.
Accumulation of heavy metals in snow water, soil and the state of birch stands in conditions of technogenic pollution
Authors:   Russian Academy of Sciences, Ural Branch: Institute Botanic Garden, Kuz’mina N.A. , Mokhnachev P.E. ,   Russian Academy of Sciences, Ural Branch: Institute Botanic Garden, Menshchikov S.L. ,   Russian Academy of Sciences, Ural Branch: Institute Botanic Garden
Published: November 2020

The results of research of snow cover, soil and condition of birch stands under the influence of aerotechnogenic emissions from JSC «Karabashmed», which pollute the environment and change it for more than 100 years. It was revealed that as the source of pollution is approached, the pH of snow water decreases, the mass of dry residue and the content of suspended solids significantly increase. The excess of heavy metals within a radius of 5 km from the plant in snow water was established, compared to the background by tens of times. Here, in some places, the absence of a ground cover was found. Atmospheric precipitation partially sorbs on itself the pollutants contained in the airborne industrial emissions of the enterprise, and directly gets into the snow cover and soil. The results of studying the level of pollution of snow and soil make it possible to assess the state of forest ecosystems. A strong quality of metals on the earth's surface was revealed by analyzing the chemical composition of the sediments, a series was determined in decreasing order: Fe> Zn> Cu> Pb> Mn> Cd> Ni 1 km from the plant. One of the main pollutants is iron, zinc, copper is contained in ore slags in the form of pyrite, magnetite and enters the atmosphere during processing with dust emissions, then adsorbs or dissolves and enters with snow, polluting the soil cover. Under background conditions (24 km) with snowfall, Fe, Zn, and Cu were received less by 95 % than under impact zones near the source (1 km). A significant excess of the content of heavy metals, such as Cu, Zn, Pb, Fe and Cd, in the forest litter and in the upper soil horizons in the zone of strong pollution was determined. A decrease in the Fe content down the soil profile in the zone of strong pollution was found, and in the background — an increase with depth. The indirect (through the soil) and direct negative impact of gases (sulfur dioxide, formaldehyde vapor and hydrogen fluoride) and dust emissions from the plant on the state of birch stands was established, which determines an increase in defoliation, an average damage index, as well as a decrease in the average height of trees
Consequences of pollution on roadside territories by salt reagents on soil and plants ecological state in forest biogeocenoses
Authors:   V.F. Kuprevich Institute of Experimental Botany of National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Sudnik A.V. , Voznyachuk I.P. ,   V.F. Kuprevich Institute of Experimental Botany of National Academy of Sciences of Belarus
Published: November 2020

The study results indicate that the main reason for deterioration of state of roadside plantings in Belarus is due to technogenic pollution by used in winter period components of antiglaze reagents containing sodium chloride as well as a combination of other negative factors. Given the high content of sodium and chlorine ions, the existing dependence of accumulation in soil, plants, and general trends of distribution territorially, it can be ascertained that roads are a source of their entry into natural ecosystems, which today act as their accumulators. The zones of their greatest concentration in landscapes are directly dependent on the intensity of traffic. Pollution of biogeocenosis can be traced at least 300 meters from the roadway, the greatest occurs at the edges and in a strip up to 35 m away from a road. A tendency toward an increase in the content of chloride in the soil relative to earlier descriptions was noted. The consequences of pollution on roadside territories by sodium and chlorine ions on the ecological state of soil and plants of forest biogeocenosis were described. While maintaining the existing road maintenance regimen in winter period, the threat of reaching a “toxicity threshold” for plants, after which inhibition of plant growth and development begins, is a matter of time. Assortment of tree-shrub plants that are resistant to pollution by antiglaze reagents was selected according to the results of the salt tolerance analysis of wild-growing and cultivated species of trees and shrubs (221 species) of the Belarus flora used in landscaping roads and settlements.
Mass Prestige brands – the end of traditional luxury brand marketing?
Authors: Pietrzak Joanna
Published: November 2020

The luxury goods market is undergoing dramatic changes due to the fact that vast numbers of new consumers are gaining access to goods previously regarded as unobtainable. As a result, luxury is losing its elitist and exclusive character. The aim of this paper is to explore the changes in luxury brand marketing and to introduce the emergence of a new branding philosophy – Mass Prestige brands. The concept of Mass Prestige brands emerged as a response to luxury losing its elitist character, and it was intended to combine elements of luxury brand values perception with mass-market strategies. The key question of the discussion presented in this article is whether the values included in the luxury brand perception model fit Mass Prestige brand value perceptions, and if so, to what extent. Personal (“luxury for oneself”) and social (“luxury for others”) value dimensions of luxury brands were taken into consideration and confronted with the principles of Mass Prestige strategies. As a result, a modified version of the model was proposed that includes only the elements that are relevant to the buying motives of newly rich consumers seeking Mass Prestige brands.
Language Activity of a 3-Year-Old Child in Interaction with Adults. A Case Study
Authors: Dłużewska-Owczarek Honorata , Kaźmierczak Monika
Published: November 2020

Verbal communication represents a language skill which is necessary for the individu­al to function fully and properly in the society. Language acquisition by the child as well as speech development in its perceptive, expressive and interactive aspects tends to take place in the family in the first years of life and is based on linguistic and communicative interac­tions distinctive of the given community. The paper analyzes verbal interactions of a 3-year-old boy in his home environment in order to establish their kind, frequency and quality. The article also assesses the level of his communication skills in speech against the background of general development of the child.
Therapeutic Recommendations for Caregivers of People with Dysphagia
Authors: Hamerlińska Agnieszka , Błeszyński Jacek J. , Rottermund Jerzy , Knapik Andrzej
Published: November 2020

The article presents the process of eating, and then describes dysphagia: its causes, classification and symptoms. The authors presented in the article selected diseases with which dysphagia coexists. The aim of the text is to indicate activities that can be used by caregivers of people with dysphagia in their daily care and therapy.
Psychological Determinants of Meta-Linguistic Skills by Pre-School Children
Authors: Jachimowska Katarzyna , Pawłowska Paulina
Published: November 2020

The paper concerns psycholinguistic phenomena connected with meta-language, meta-linguistic awareness and children’s semantic skills. The main aim of empirical activities was to analyze psychological and linguistic conditionings of acquiring the meanings of words by 4- and 6-year-old children. It was examined how children understand the meaning of words from two categories: home and family. The analyses and conclusions on the creation of meaning presented in the paper are focused around the symbiosis of two planes: cognitive and linguistic. An analysis of the collected empirical material shows that their compilation reveals the unique nature of children’s meta-language reflection, the character of concepts and notion profiles which are closely determined by mental processes.
Uwarunkowania skuteczności terapii utrwalonego jąkania w opiniach logopedów i studentów logopedii
Authors: Piekacz Paulina , Węsierska Katarzyna , Węsierska Marta
Published: November 2020

W artykule podjęto tematykę uwarunkowań skuteczności terapii jąkania utrwalonego w ocenie logopedów i studentów logopedii. W części teoretycznej zarysowano czynniki wpływające pośrednio i bezpośrednio na skuteczność terapii tego zaburzenia. Podczas badania analizie poddano czynniki mające wpływ na powodzenie terapii jąkania chronicznego. W tym celu wykorzystano metodę sondażu diagnostycznego i użyto autorskiego kwestionariusza ankiety. W badaniu wzięło udział 147 respondentów (81 logopedów oraz 66 studentów logopedii). Wyniki tego projektu badawczego wykazują, że zarówno logopedzi, jak i studenci logopedii dysponują adekwatną wiedzą na temat uwarunkowań terapii jąkania utrwalonego. Ustalono, że według ankietowanych skuteczna terapia wiąże się z zastosowaniem kompleksowej diagnozy, hybrydowych podejść terapeutycznych i różnych form terapii, dostosowanych do indywidualnych potrzeb klienta czy pacjenta. W rezultacie badań ujawniono pozytywny stosunek badanych do autoterapii klienta, jego udziału w spotkaniach grup samopomocowych oraz zaangażowania najbliższego otoczenia w proces wsparcia. Wyniki badania wskazują, że respondenci dostrzegają znaczenie jakości relacji logopeda – klient w procesie terapii. Większość badanych manifestowała jednak duże wątpliwości w związku z własnymi umiejętnościami w zakresie wdrażania terapii jąkania. W podsumowaniu zaakcentowano, że niezależnie od stosunkowo zadowalającego stanu wiedzy na temat terapii jąkania ważne jest rozwijanie umiejętności praktycznych i poczucia kompetencji logopedów i studentów logopedii w tym zakresie. Dodatkowo zwrócono uwagę na rosnące zainteresowanie tematyką zaburzeń płynności mowy.
Migraciones, deportaciones, colonización y geopolítica durante las guerras dácicas de Trajano (101-106 d.C.)
Authors: Soria Molina David
Published: November 2020

The Trajanic Dacian Wars (101-106 AD) implied multiple expansionist population movements by all contestants, that affected the development and result of the conflict, conditioning many of the implied powers’ decisions. In the same way, the intensity and scale of a conflagration that spreaded throughout Danubian and Pontic Europe, finished with heavy population losses as a direct and indirect consequence of armed clashes. Finally, the consolidation of Roman power in Dacia after its conquest and its particularities supposed the deportation and intentional displacement of native population groups, migrations to zones free from Roman occupation and other sociopolitical and demographical problems solved by the Roman Empire through a planned colonization and the varied diplomatic agreements signed on 119 AD. In this essay we are going to deal, through literary, epigraphic, numismatic, archaeological and iconographical fonts, with this demographical processes, the actualities derived from them and its consequences in the framework of Trajan’s Dacian Wars, processes that conditioned the region’s geopolitics and, therefore, the future composition of Eastern Europe.
La captura del Estado peruano por el narcotráfico: el caso de los “cuello blanco del puerto”
Authors: Zúñiga Rodríguez Laura
Published: November 2020

Since the 1980s, Peru has been a key player in the international drug trafficking scenario. The second largest producer of cocaine in the world and one of the countries where the main input, the coca leaf, is grown, the port of El Callao, being one of the main ports in Latin America due to its volume, is presumed to be where important cargoes of this drug leave from. The interception of communications in 2018 to investigate the violent organized crime that was taking place in that province revealed a network of judges, prosecutors, congressmen, and businessmen who were collaborating with drug traffickers, favoring them with impunity. This is not the first attempt to capture the Peruvian State for drug trafficking. In the 1990s, the government of Fujimori-Montesinos used drug trafficking money -among others- to bribe the country's highest authorities: military chiefs, the Supreme Court, the Attorney General, the media, and businessmen, all of whom were close to the government. The "narco-indulgence" of Alan García's second administration is another symptom of the seriousness of the collaboration of authorities from the highest spheres of the State with the powerful drug traffickers. The "double standard" of the Peruvian Criminal Policy against international drug trafficking is made evident, strong for the weak and weak for the strong: high penalties for small-scale traffickers and impunity for those at the apex of the criminal organizations. In addition, the enormous corrupting capacity of money from drug trafficking (money laundering) to capture members of the powers of the State: Executive, Legislative and Judicial, is of concern. The "case of the white collars of the port" is an empirical example of the intersection of judicial corruption -and its minions- within the Peruvian State and the organized crime criminal organizations. In order to conjure up these alliances, it is necessary to emphasize the punishment against the white-collar criminals of drug trafficking and their collaborators: lawyers, judges, prosecutors, etc., who use their profession as a cover to enrich themselves personally to the detriment of the common good.
Inteligencia para la Seguridad Pública en las Entidades Federativas de México
Authors: Montero Bagatella Juan Carlos
Published: November 2020

Security in Mexico is still being one of the most problematic issues to address. Incidence of crime statistics and perception of insecurity surveys show that insecurity has not been reduced. In this context, the article shows the complexity of public security as an issue that involves the work of different governments but also different institutions withing governments. The research focused on the role of strategic intelligence as an instrument for decision making in public security issues in Mexican states. In this way, the article begins by showing the complexity of the public security issues according with the legal frame. In second place, strategic intelligence is presented as an instrument to address public security. In third place, the article shows the results of the research conducted to identify the capabilities to produce and share intelligence in all Mexican states. The main contribution is to identify the lack of mechanisms to produce and share intelligence in Mexican states but also the limited vision of intelligence as an issue related only to policing instead of considering other elements of public security such as prevention of violence and crime or social reintegration of criminals.
La brecha de ciberseguridad en América Latina frente al contexto global de ciberamenazas
Authors: Aguilar Antonio Juan Manuel
Published: November 2020

This research is based on the hypothesis that the governments of Latin America and the Caribbean are lagging behind in the construction of cyber defense capabilities to face the international context of cyber threats, with respect to the member countries of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), both in the organizational plan, as in the individual. To prove this statement, the text is divided into six sections. The first part presents the global environment of cyber threats, the economic losses suffered by governments and companies according to reports from information security firms such as Kaspersky, Microsoft, Verizon and International Business Machines Corporation (IBM). The second part presents the internet securitization process, the immersion of cybersecurity in national security studies, and the definition of cyber capabilities and the delimitation of threats to the Nation-State from cyberspace are addressed. The third part shows the trajectory of NATO as an organization in the development of cyber capabilities in the last twenty years. In the fourth part, a set of National Cybersecurity Strategies (ENCS) of NATO countries and allies is analyzed from the individual level, from which their main elements are extracted and their general anatomy is outlined. In the sixth part, an approach to different regional or global cybersecurity environments is presented based on measurements of the Global Cybersecurity Index (GCI), of the International Telecommunications Union (ITU), and the National Cyber Security Index (NSCI) of the Estonian E-Governance Academy. The fifth section presents the context of cybersecurity in Latin America and the Caribbean, according to studies made by the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) and the Organization of American States (OAS), as well as private cybersecurity firms. In the sixth, two case studies of Mexico, from the 2019-2020, are briefly presented, which represent the lack of maturity of its ENCS and development of cyber capabilities, an aspect that it shares with most of the countries of Latin America and Caribbean. Finally, brief conclusions are presented on the aspects to be strengthened by the region.
El islam en Rusia: desafíos a la seguridad y respuestas estratégicas
Authors: Pérez del Pozo María José
Published: November 2020

Islam has been part of Russian history and culture since the 7th century, actively collaborating in the process of building the State, developing relationships with other social groups, with whom it has shared spaces, history, and assimilation policies. However, the Muslim community has played an asymmetrical in the State, occupying a peripheral position in political, military, and economic affairs, for long historical periods. Throughout the 1990s, religion became an element of nationalist vindication against federal power, fueled by the entry of a radical transnational Islam imported from the predominantly Sunni Middle Eastern countries. The two Chechen wars and the subsequent management of the area by Moscow have favored the application of a new analysis scheme based on ethnicity-security, which generalizes a negative interpretation of Islam in Russia. The division of Muslim religious institutions has not facilitated inter-ethnic dialogue or relations with the Kremlin. The study of Russian strategies to face the challenge of Islam has traditionally been oriented to the analysis of the security dimension, focusing on the military responses of the security organs of the Russian State, since the dysfunctionality of the political system and the absence of Policies based on respect for individual rights have prevented the appearance of other initiatives that consider inter-ethnic and interreligious coexistence in a state declared secular. However, we can also consider the study of Russian initiatives applying the approach of the study of the foreign policy of states to analyze the use of religious diversity in the achievement of certain foreign policy objectives. In this sense, the work addresses the role of military groups from the Caucasus, integrated into Russian federal forces, within the Syrian conflict. Finally, the programs related to the Countering Violent Extremism (CVE) in the Northern Caucasus, with their limitations, also show a certain change in the implementation and management of new methods to stop the regional insurgency.
De la fragmentación de las estructuras criminales a una proto-mafia: un análisis del Primeiro Comando da Capital (PCC) en Sudamérica
Authors: Sampó Carolina , Ferreira Marcos Alan
Published: November 2020

This article examines how the Primeiro Comando da Capital (PCC) is structured as a particular model of criminal organization in South America, between what could be labelled as a third generation cartel and a proto-mafia. After the end of Colombian cartels, criminal organizations had to change the way they were structured. These changes resulted in a marked fragmentation that generated a multiplicity of small organizations in South America that managed to enter the drug trafficking market, driven by the “democratization” of cocaine. However, in the last decade Brazil has seen the opposite process. While in Latin America there was a shift from concentration to fragmentation - from the existence of cartels to the proliferation of a large number of small criminal structures - in Brazil, the PCC has ceased to be fragmented to concentrate and multiply its power, based on its presence and strength throughout the national territory, but also thanks to its transnationalization towards drug-producing countries such as Paraguay, Bolivia and Peru. The article examines if we are facing the emergence of a new generation of criminal structures, which perceive themselves as transnational companies and which adopt a different form than traditional cartels, much more flexible and capable of adapting to change, which makes them similar to a mafia, although they have not yet established themselves as such.
The Impact of Social Media Marketing on Consumer - Moderating Role of Gender and Income
Authors: Akbarov Shahin
Published: November 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of social media marketing activities on consumer behavior (i.e. value consciousness, brand consciousness, and brand loyalty) in the light of the moderation effect of gender and income.

Methodology: The questionnaire method was used for data collection. 261 questionnaire was gained through convenience and snowball sampling. Data were analyzed with SPSS-24 and AMOS-23. Explanatory factor analysis was first done with SPSS. To test the moderation effects multigroup moderation analysis was performed in AMOS.

Findings: SMM (perceived social media marketing activities) impacts brand loyalty (for male, female, and lower-income sample), value consciousness (for male, higher income, and lower-income sample), and brand consciousness (for male, higher income, and lower-income sample). The effect of gender as a moderator is not statistically significant. The effect of income as a moderator is significant in only two paths.

Originality/Importance: At a time when social media usage increases and brand loyalty declines, it is important to investigate the impact of social media marketing activities on consumer behavior. The present study underlines the value of replication studies in a cross-cultural context. Besides, the moderation effect of gender and income were tested.
La garantía de prioridad de permanencia de los representantes de los trabajadores en el despido colectivo
Authors: Tormos Pérez Juan Alberto
Published: November 2020

En la presente contribución se analiza la prioridad de permanencia de los repre­sentantes de los trabajadores como límite a la facultad del empresario de seleccio­nar a los trabajadores afectados por el despido colectivo. Se estudia su conexión con las funciones representativas así como con la libertad sindical, y se detalla su operatividad aplicando la lógica de la sustitución. Si bien la garantía no es esgri­mible con carácter absoluto, la inclusión entre los afectados de un titular de la misma requiere que el empresario aporte una justificación expresa. Finalmente, se enumeran los sujetos beneficiarios de la garantía, así como la necesidad de que los representantes tengan el mandato vigente en el momento de aplicarla.