bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A reliability test for its efficacy in Smartphone application for Computing joint range of motion: A Research Protocol
Authors: Dhage Prasad , Naqvi Waqar M. , Arora Sakshi P. , Kulkarni Chaitanya A.
Published: July 2021

Introduction: "Goniometry" is derived from two Greek words: Gonia, which means "angle," and Metron, which means "measure." The focus of the research is to see if a smartphone-based goniometer application for knee flexion range of motion was reliable. The technology of smartphones is one of the most often used alternatives. A literature evaluation of 12 studies showed that smartphone applications are sufficiently trustworthy to be employed in research and clinical practice. As ROM angulation is widely employed in treatment policy decisions, new measures have to be thoroughly tested before use in clinical practice. The study design used will be an observational study. The participants will be recruited using a simple random sampling method. The total number of participants will be 100 in the age group between 20-60. With Universal Goniometer and Goniometer records, three certified physiotherapists measured maximum active knee flexion in a supine position. Data will be collected and analyzed using SPSS (version: 20) and the Bland Altman Test.Discussion: The goal of this observational study is to examine the reliability of smartphone applications for computing knee joint range of motion.Conclusion: To conclude, this research seeks to examine the reliability of smartphone applications for computing knee joint range of motion in a healthy population. The study findings would help in developing a novel approach for computing and documenting the knee range of motion.
Standardized Mortality Analysis of Military Firefighters From 2000-2016 In Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Mannarino Rosanna Vilardo , Monteiro Gina Torres Rego
Published: July 2021

Backgrounds: A military fireman’s profession is of extreme importance since they perform a wide variety of work. However, these firefighters are constantly exposed to stressful situations and hazardous substances known to harm their health. To fully perform their functions, they should have good physical and mental health, which requires them to have periodic medical examinations and constant training. To the best of our knowledge, there is no study assessing the causes of mortality of members of the military fire brigade of Rio de Janeiro despite its relevance to future projections in relation to the health of these professionals.Methods: We conducted a retrospective mortality study on a cohort of military firefighters in the state of Rio de Janeiro from 2000 to 2016 and calculated the Standardized Mortality Ratio (SMR) of male firefighters who served in the corporation in this period. To obtain the SMR, everyone’s participation time in years in the corporation was calculated, and the sum of the data set the person-time of this cohort. As a reference, we used the population of men over 19 years old in the state of Rio de Janeiro in 2010 according to the Demographic Census. Results: A total of 1,816 deaths were identified, corresponding to the lowest overall mortality expected for the general population (SMR: 64.6%; 95%CI: 61.6-67.6%), cardiovascular diseases (SMR: 64.4%; 95%CI: 58.8-69.9%) and external causes of mortality (SMR: 88.5%; 95%CI: 79.9-97.0%). However, in the external causes of death, there was a statistically significant mortality excess in the age groups from 40 to 49 and 50 to 59 years.Conclusion: The firefighters’ group had the lowest overall mortality detected in both the general and the main chapters of the 10th Revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases.
Barriers to Accessing Mental Health Services Among Syrian Refugees in Ankara
Authors: Kilic Cengiz , Kaya Edip , Karadag Ozge , Uner Sarp
Published: July 2021

Background: Syrian refugees are seriously traumatized by the conflict in their country. Consequently, mental health problems, particularly depression and PTSD, are prevalent among refugees. Despite this fact, they make little use of mental health services. Using a population sample of Syrian refugees living in Ankara, we assessed the perceived need for and contact with mental health services, as well as the barriers to access these services.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 420 Syrian refugees living in Ankara city center, using face to face interviews administered at the respondents’ home by trained, Arabic-speaking interviewers. The data were collected in October–November 2016 in two neighborhoods of Ankara, where most of Syrian refugees were concentrated. PTSD and depression were assessed using Harvard Trauma Questionnaire and Beck Depression Inventory, respectively. Both measures have been validated in Arabic.Results: Of all the refugees in our sample, 14.8% (N=62) stated that they felt the need for mental healthcare since arriving in Turkey. The actual number contacting any mental health service, however, was very low (N=6). Multivariate analyses revealed that traumatic stress scores predicted the perceived need for contacting services. Though women reported much higher need for contact with mental health services than men, there was no gender effect on actual contact. Speaking Turkish seemed to increase contact with services, which is in line with language being listed as the most important barrier to accessing care. Conclusions: Our results show that, although refugees with mental health problems are more likely to contact services than others, most of those who need mental health care go untreated, and there is a significant gender inequity in this regard. To address this treatment gap, and to provide adequate care for refugees with mental health problems, common barriers (language, stigma, and awareness) should be identified and dealt with.
Social Distancing Intentions to Reduce the Spread of COVID-19: The Extended Theory of Planned Behavior
Authors: Adiyoso Wignyo , Wilopo Wilopo
Published: July 2021

BackgroundDue to the absence of a vaccine of SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic, the most effective way to reduce transmission of the virus is by applying social distancing practices. Exploring factors that determine whether people adopt social distancing measures is, therefore, critical to reducing the spread of the virus. This study aimed to investigate people’s intentions to socially distance based on the extended Theory of Planned Behavior. MethodsA questionnaire was distributed to the sample population and collected through social media online and WhatsApp groups from March 26, 2020 to March 29, 2020. There were 823 analyzed out of 1,870 responses. The extended TPB variables and risk perception were measured using a 7-point scale (scored from 1-7). Data were analyzed using the partial least squares (PLS) structural equation modeling method.ResultsStudy found that the factors influencing the intention to perform social distancing were subjective norms and perceived behavior control. Risk perception affected attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. Media exposure was found to determine attitudes, subjective norms, and risk perceptions. The relationship between attitudes and intentions, and media use and perceived behavior control were not significant. The better and effective risk communication that can change the level of risk perception, raise family and religious leader as well as increase to control behavior are the keys to people’s perform social distancing. Results from a multigroup analysis revealed that younger individuals showed a stronger relationship between the influence of risk perception and PBC and media use on risk perception. The predictive strength of subjective norms from risk perception and risk perception from media use was more strongly associated with rural populations. Conclusions The results of study provide an initial understanding of the level of the public’s risk perception to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Findings also revealed the role of media use in determining risk perception, attitudes and subjective norms and, in turn, change people’s intention to socially distance. This study may add to the literature of behavioral changes in pandemic and provide a framework for both policymakers and practitioners to formulate effective interventions in the future.
The Perception And The Degree of Adoption By Urbanites Towards Urban Farming
Authors: Ahimaz David , Arulanandam Benedict Valentine , Ivascu Larisa
Published: July 2021

This research aims at finding out which are the factors that greatly impact city dwellers’ perception towards urban farming. The study also looks at the variables which strongly affect the residents’ ability to grasp the idea of adopting urban farming practices in the city of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The four main factors included in this study are Confidence, Societal, Naturalness, and Pleasantness. A mixed-method approach was used involving both quantitative and qualitative, of a group of 129 respondents using G-power software. Validity and reliability of the data were also tested to affirm the quality and relevance with accordance to the factors. The main findings revealed that pleasantness and confidence were strong among urbanites for adopting urban farming, in line with Cohen’s R Square of more than 32%. In addition, qualitative analysis shows that while there were positive outcomes to complement the quantitative study, there was also, practical constraints that were highlighted. These constraints are space, conditions, and supply chain. Hence, this study has given two significant contributions to regulators and policymakers on urban farming.
Development and Implementation of a Computerized Decision Support Systems in the Interdisciplinary Treatment of Stage IV Pressure Injury in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury: A Real Life Two-Group Parallel Design
Authors: Koligi Kamran , Lampart Patricia , Fähndrich Carina , Gmünder Hans Peter , Metzger Stefan , Schaefer Dirk , Schmitt Klaus , Stalder Stefan , Wettstein Reto , Gemperli Armin , Scheel-Sailer Anke
Published: July 2021

Background: Treatment of pressure injury (PI) stage III and IV in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) requires complex interdisciplinary and inter-professional management described in comprehensive concepts. Although the implementation of these concepts in the clinical management is still difficult due to practical aspects as information and coordination challenges for example. The aim of this study was to develop, implement and test a computerized decision support system (CDSS) to increase concept adherence, improve inter-professional collaboration and optimize clinical outcome compared to usual care. Method: We implemented a CDSS picturing the Basel Decubitus Concept in an acute and rehabilitation clinic specialized for SCI as part of a quality improvement project in a real life two-group parallel design. We randomly allocated patients with SCI and PI stage III/IV for inpatient treatment to usual or CDSS supported care. We used an inclusive participatory development process, a qualitative focus group-based (30 participants) approach to capture the user perspective and prospective chart analyses to compare complication rates, length of stay and costs. Results: In both groups 15 patients were included showing no differences in SCI characteristics, comorbidities, and PI characteristics (localisation: ischium (19 PI, 63%), sacrum (10 PI, 33%), recurrent PI in 21 patients (70%)). Twenty-seven patients received surgical treatment (rotation flap in 12 patients (40%), posterior thigh flap in 15 patients (50%)). No statistically significant group differences were observed in the frequency of major (20% vs 13% between CDSS and control group) and minor (33% vs 27%) complications and length of stay (98 (±28) vs 81 (±23) days). The costs were similar. Although, health care professionals experienced the CDSS as helpful, high workload and difficulties in the information technology processes hindered its implementation.Conclusion: The introduction of a CDSS in the treatment of PI stage III/IV in patients with SCI was feasible, but technical and application problems limited its effectiveness. During the implementation and testing we learned that a clear definition of the whole treatment concept includes milestones, interventions and outcome definition. Technical requirements should include efficient reminder systems and clear visibility for all disciplines of the whole process. Trial registration: As a quality assurance study, this project holds a declaration of no objection by the Ethics Committee northwest/central Switzerland (EKNZ UBE-16/003) and received an ethical approval (EKNZ Req-2017-00860).
C-Reactive Protein Level Predicts Need For Medical Intervention In Pregnant Women With SARS-CoV2 Infection: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Yamamoto Ryutaro , Asano Hiroshi , Umazume Takeshi , Takaoka Masato , Noshiro Kiwamu , Saito Yoshihiro , Nakagawa Kinuko , Chiba Kentaro , Nakakubo Sho , Nasuhara Yasuyuki , Konno Satoshi , Watari Hidemichi
Published: July 2021

BackgroundDuring the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, many hospitals experienced a shortage of hospital beds. To make effective use of the limited available hospital space during the pandemic, we conducted this study to investigate the laboratory indices that identify pregnant women with SARS-CoV2 infection who require medical intervention.MethodsWe carried out a retrospective analysis of pregnant women positive for COVID-19 who were admitted to Hokkaido University Hospital from September 2020 to June 2021. Medical interventions included oxygen supplementation, systemic corticosteroids, or supplemental liquids to treat infection-related symptoms.ResultsForty-two infected pregnant patients were admitted to the hospital, half of whom required medical intervention (n = 21). Fever, C-reactive protein , and platelet count are all associated with need for medical intervention. Of the 32 patients with a fever of ≥37.5℃ on days 0–3 after onset of syndromes, 22 (69%) continued to have a fever on days 4–6, of which 19 (86.4%) required medical intervention. C-reactive protein level and platelet count on days 4–6 predicted the presence or absence of medical intervention (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.913, and 0.856, respectively), with a sensitivity of 81% and specificity of 100% at a C-reactive protein cutoff of 1.28 mg/dL, with a sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 87% at a platelet count cutoff of 16.3 × 10⁴/μL.ConclusionsThe need for medical intervention in pregnant patients can be predicted with high accuracy using a C-reactive protein cutoff of 1.28 mg/dL on days 4–6 after onset of syndromes. The presence of fever also may be an easy marker for selecting subjects who need or will need therapeutic intervention. These could be an effective triage method to determine appropriate indications for the hospitalization of pregnant women in future outbreaks.
Comparing Reliability Between 3D Imaging And 2D Photography For External Nasal Anthropometry
Authors: Seo Yoon-Soo , Jo Ki-Hun , CHA Jun-Sang , Kim Joo-Yeon , Kwon Jae-Hwan
Published: July 2021

Background: This study investigates and compare the reliability and reproducibility of two facial anthropometric methods about external nasal angles, 3D imaging and conventional 2D photography. Methods: 2D photograph images and 3D images about external nose of 30 volunteers were taken using digital camera and Morpheus 3D scanner. To evaluate intra-rater reliability, each images were taken over two different days for each subject by the same researcher. To evaluate inter-rater reliability, another researcher took each images for each subject on the first day. The reliability of each method for measuring 4 external nasal angle is obtained using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and compared.Results: Inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of both 3D imaging and 2D photography had excellent agreement in all 4 nasal angles. In the nasofacial angular parameter, Inter-rater ICC, 2D photography was significantly higher than 3D imaging. Result of intra-rater ICC also showed both 3D imaging and 2D photography had good reliability in all 4 nasal angles. Similar to those of inter-rater ICC, nasofacial angular parameter showed statistically significant differences between 3D imaging and 2D photography.Conclusion: In terms of reliability, both 2D and 3D showed appropriate anthropometric results and considering its own advantage, each methods can be used complementarily.
Effects of Mask Use and Race on Face Perception, Emotion Recognition, and Social Distancing During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Gulbetekin Evrim
Published: July 2021

This investigation used three experiments to test the effect of mask use and other-race effect (ORE) on face perception in three contexts: (a) face recognition, (b) recognition of facial expressions, and (c) social distance. The first, which involved a matching-to-sample paradigm, tested Caucasian subjects with either masked or unmasked faces using Caucasian and Asian samples. The participants exhibited the best performance in recognizing an unmasked face condition and the poorest when asked to recognize a masked face that they had seen earlier without a mask. Accuracy was also poorer for Asian faces than Caucasian faces. The second experiment presented Asian or Caucasian faces having different emotional expressions, with and without masks. The results for this task, which involved identifying which emotional expression the participants had seen on the presented face, indicated that emotion recognition performance decreased for faces portrayed with masks. The emotional expressions ranged from the most accurately to least accurately recognized as follows: happy, neutral, disgusted, and fearful. Emotion recognition performance was poorer for Asian stimuli compared to Caucasian. Experiment 3 used the same participants and stimuli and asked participants to indicate the social distance they would prefer to observe with each pictured person. The participants preferred a wider social distance with unmasked faces compared to masked faces. Social distance also varied by the portrayed emotion: ranging from farther to closer as follows: disgusted, fearful, neutral, and happy. Race was also a factor; participants preferred wider social distance for Asian compared to Caucasian faces. Altogether, our findings indicated that during the COVID-19 pandemic face perception and social distance were affected by mask use, ORE.
Quantitative Analysis and Clinical Application of Iris Circulation in Ischemic Retinal Disease
Authors: Jia Yanwen , Xue Wenwen , Tong Xiaowei , Wang Yulan , Cui Lipu , Zou Haidong
Published: July 2021

Background: To evaluate quantitative changes of iris blood circulation in patients with ischemic risk.Methods: A clinical case series study. Patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and retinal vein occlusion (RVO) were included in this study. RVO affected eyes, RVO contralateral, and healthy control eyes were compared. We also compared eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and the contralateral eye without PDR (NPDR), patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) without DR (NDR), and healthy control eyes. The microvascular networks of the iris and retina were analyzed using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). The analysis included vessel area density (VAD) and vessel skeleton density(VSD) of iris and retina.Results: In RVO group, the VAD and VSD of iris in the affected eye were higher than those in contralateral and healthy control, and the VAD and VSD of contralateral eyes were higher than those of healthy control. The retinal blood flow of RVO eye was less than the contralateral and healthy control eyes, but there were no difference between the contralateral eyes and healthy control eyes. The VAD and VSD of iris in PDR were larger than NPDR, and the NPDR were larger than NDR. There were no differences between NDR and healthy control eyes. Also, there were no difference among the four groups in retinal blood flow. Conclusions: Compared with the retina, iris blood circulation quantitative analysis data are more sensitive to ischemia and may be used as a new predictor of ischemic disease.Trial registration: The trial is registered with the clinical trial registration number nct03631108.
Classification of Imbalanced Cloud Image Data Using Deep Neural Networks –Performance Improvement Through a Data Science Competition–
Authors: Matsuoka Daisuke
Published: July 2021

Image data classification using machine learning is one of the effective methods for detecting atmospheric phenomena. However, extreme weather events with a small number of cases cause a decrease in classification prediction accuracy owing to the imbalance of data between the target class and the other classes. In order to build a highly accurate classification model, we held a data analysis competition to determine the best classification performance for two classes of cloud image data: tropical cyclones including precursors and other classes. For the top models in the competition, minority data oversampling, majority data undersampling, ensemble learning, deep layer neural networks, and cost-effective loss functions were used to improve the imbalanced classification performance. In particular, the best model out of 209 submissions succeeded in improving the classification capability by 65.4% over similar conventional methods in a measure of low false alarm ratio.
Factors Influencing the Uptake of Short-term Contraceptives Among Women of Reproductive Age in Afghanistan Further Analysis of Afghanistan Demographic and Health Survey 2015 (A Cross Sectional Study)
Authors: Noormal Ahmad Siyar , Winkler Volker , Eshraqi Ali Maisam , Deckert Andreas , Noormal Shinkay , Sadaat Iftekhar , Dambach Peter
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to assess factors that influence the uptake of short term contraceptives among married women aged between 15-49 years in Afghanistan.MethodThe cross sectional Afghanistan 2015 Demographic and Health Survey provided the dataset for this analysis. We included 22,974 women and applied multivariable logistic regression to investigate the influencing factors for the uptake of short term contraceptives.Results95% of Afghan women knew at least one type of contraception but only 16% were using short term contraceptives. Short term contraceptive use was most prevalent among women in the age group between 30 and 40 who were educated, employed, and rich. Most of users were living in the western parts of Afghanistan and belong to Balooch and Pashtun ethnic groups. Media exposure and women empowerment were also positively associated with the use of short term contraceptives. However, we did not find an association with living in urban or rural settings.ConclusionFP in Afghanistan requires multisectoral efforts, tailored to the needs of women stemming from low and middle socioeconomic status. Health promotion activities, empowering women, strengthening education, and training of Family Planning service providers on effective counseling are good options to address the issue.
Study on Magnetic Abrasive Finishing Process of AlSi10Mg Alloy Curved Surface Formed by Selective Laser Melting
Authors: Cui Yuntao , Zhang Guixiang , Cui Tonglei , Zhu Peixin , Du Jiajing , Liu Ning , Chen Haoxin
Published: July 2021

In this paper, AlSi10Mg alloy powder is selected as the forming powder of Selective Laser Melting technology, and the AlSi10Mg alloy SLM curved surface sample is constructed by setting the internal and external layering parameters. In view of the relatively rough surface roughness of SLM technology molded parts, this paper selects the magnetic finishing technology with higher flexibility characteristics to perform surface finishing and finishing on the formed curved surface samples. Explore the feasibility of magnetic finishing technology on the finishing of SLM shaped curved parts, and test and analyze the surface roughness, surface hardness and hydrophobicity of the finishing permanent magnet tools and the curved surface samples before and after finishing. Finally, it was found that the use of a 75° trapezoidal slotted permanent magnet finishing tool to absorb spherical Al2O3 magnetic abrasives for flexible finishing of AlSi10Mg alloy SLM shaped curved surface samples can achieve better finishing results.In this paper, the orthogonal experiment method is used to optimize the finishing experiment. It is found that the finishing parameters of the spindle speed is 1800 r/min, the feed rate is 5 mm/min, the gap is 2 mm, and the abrasive consumption is 7g to form the AlSi10Mg alloy SLM. The surface roughness Ra=0.279μm can be obtained by magnetic finishing of the curved sample, and the surface morphology of the sample has been greatly improved. At the same time, it is found that the magnetic finishing technology improves the surface roughness of the AlSi10Mg alloy SLM forming surface sample, while it does not change the surface hardness of the sample, but it can significantly improve the hydrophobicity of the sample surface.
Sub-second periodicity in a fast radio burst
Authors: Andersen Bridget C. , Bandura Kevin , Bhardwaj Mohit , Boyle P. J. , Brar Charanjot , Breitman Daniela , Cassanelli Tomas , Chatterjee Shami , Chawla Pragya , Cliche Jean-Franc¸ois , Cubranic Davor , Curtin Alice P. , Deng Meiling , Dobbs Matt , Dong Fengqiu Adam , Fonseca Emanuel , Gaensler B. M. , Giri Utkarsh , Good Deborah C. , Hill Alex S. , Josephy Alexander , Kaczmarek J. F. , Kader Zarif , Kania Joseph , Kaspi Victoria M. , Leung Calvin , Li D. Z. , Lin Hsiu-Hsien , Masui Kiyoshi W. , Mckinven Ryan , Mena-Parra Juan , Merryfield Marcus , Meyers B. W. , Michilli D. , Naidu Arun , Newburgh Laura , Ng C. , Ordog Anna , Patel Chitrang , Pearlman Aaron B. , Pen Ue-Li , Petroff Emily , Pleunis Ziggy , Rafiei-Ravandi Masoud , Rahman Mubdi , Ransom Scott , Renard Andre , Sanghavi Pranav , Scholz Paul , Shaw J. Richard , Shin Kaitlyn , Siegel Seth R. , Singh Saurabh , Smith Kendrick , Stairs Ingrid , Tan Chia Min , Tendulkar Shriharsh P. , Vanderlinde Keith , Wiebe D. V. , Wulf Dallas , Zwaniga Andrew , Michilli Daniele
Published: July 2021

The origin of fast radio bursts (FRBs), millisecond-duration flashes of radio waves that are visible at distances of billions of light-years, remains an open astrophysical question. Here we report the detection of the multi-component FRB 20191221A with the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment Fast Radio Burst Project (CHIME/FRB), and the identification of a periodic separation of 216.8(1) ms between its components with a significance of 6.5 sigmas. The long (~ 3 s) duration and nine or more components forming the pulse profile make this source an outlier in the FRB population. We also report two additional FRBs, 20210206A and 20210213A, whose multi-component pulse profiles show some indication of periodic separations of 2.8(1) and 10.7(1) ms, respectively, suggesting the possible existence of a group of FRBs with complex and periodic pulse profiles. Such short periodicities provide strong evidence for a neutron-star origin of these events. Moreover, our detections favour emission arising from the neutron-star magnetosphere, as opposed to emission regions located further away from the star, as predicted by some models. Possible explanations for the observed periodicity include super-giant pulses from a neutron star that are possibly related to a magnetar outburst and interacting neutron stars in a binary system.
Phyllobacterium Calauticae Sp. Nov. Isolated From a Microaerophilic Veil Transversed by Cable Bacteria in Freshwater Sediment
Authors: Lustermans Jamie J.M. , Bjerg Jesper Jensen , Schramm Andreas , Marshall Ian P.G.
Published: July 2021

Microaerophilic veils of swimming microorganisms form at oxic-anoxic interfaces, most commonly described in sediments where sulfide diffusing out from below meets oxygen diffusing in from the water phase. However, distinctive microaerophilic veils form even when there is a gap between the sulfide and O2 fronts, i.e., a suboxic zone, and suggest that the organisms inhabiting these veils can use electron donors other than sulfide. Suboxic zones are found for example in sediment where cable bacteria spatially separate sulfide and O2 by up to several centimetres. Here we describe the extraction of microorganisms from a microaerophilic veil that formed in cable-bacteria-enriched freshwater sediment using a glass capillary, and the subsequent isolation of a motile, microaerophilic, organoheterotrophic bacterium, strain R2-JLT, unable to oxidize sulfide. Based on phenotypic, phylogenetic, and genomic comparison, we propose strain R2-JLT as a novel Phyllobacterium species, P. calauticae sp. nov.. The type strain is R2-JLT (=LMG 32286T =DSM 112555T). This novel isolate confirms that a wider variety of electron donors, including organic compounds, can fuel the activity of microorganisms in microaerophilic veils.
Factors Affecting on Entrepreneurial Intention of University Students (Case Study on Wollo University)
Authors: Kamil Abdu
Published: July 2021

Background: Entrepreneurship is essential in creating, fulfilling and forming a healthy economy. This study is conducted to investigate Factor Affecting on Entrepreneurial Intention: The case study on Wollo University Students. Some studies have been done in this area but only a few were conducted in Ethiopia. This research aims to address the gap that exists due to the weakness of previous studies to verify the factors that affect entrepreneurial intention and provide more clarification on the topic. Methods: For the purpose of this study explanatory research design was employed. The researcher used stratified random sampling to classify all participants into seven colleges and one school of law. From each stratum proportionally by using purposive sampling to select 226 respondents with graduate students from college of business and economics for the desire of the study. Both primary and secondary data were collected. Primary data were collected through structured questionnaire from 210 students. Secondary data were collected from previous studies and used as reference. Results: The correlation and regression analysis has been applied to see the relationship and how independent variables influence entrepreneurial intention. From the analyses it is confirmed that demographic factors have statistically insignificant effect on entrepreneurial intention, while personal factors, environmental factors and family background have a statistically significant effect on entrepreneurial intention. Conclusions: Based on the findings it is concluded that demographic factor does not affect entrepreneurial intention while personal factors, environmental factors and family background affect entrepreneurial intention.
Molecular Marker Characterization of Commercially Used Cytoplasmic Male Sterilities in Onion
Authors: Havey Michael J. , Kim Sunggil
Published: July 2021

Hybrid-onion (Allium cepa) seed is produced using systems of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) and two different CMS systems have been genetically characterized. S cytoplasm was the first source of onion CMS identified in the 1920s, followed by T cytoplasm that was described in the 1960s. Numerous studies have documented polymorphisms in the organellar DNAs differentiating S and T cytoplasms from the normal male-fertile cytoplasm of onion. There may be additional source(s) of onion CMS that have been described as “T-like” and appear to be more similar to N and T cytoplasms than S cytoplasm. In this study, onion breeding lines from commercial entities were evaluated for molecular markers distinguishing sources of onion CMS. Our results reveal that bona fide T cytoplasm is rarely used commercially to produce hybrid-onion seed, and both S cytoplasm and “T-like” cytoplasm are widely used. We propose that this “T-like” cytoplasm be labeled as “R” cytoplasm because it may have originated from population(s) of ‘Rijnsburger’ onion in the Netherlands. The results of this study also help to clarify inconsistent reports regarding nuclear male-fertility restoration for different sources of onion CMS.
Trainee Handbook 2021
Authors:   Elected Member, Association of Anaesthetists Trainee Committee 2015–2019, Dalay Satinder , Ferguson Kathleen ,   Immediate Past President, Association of Anaesthetists, El-Ghazali Sally ,   mmediate Past Chair, Association of Anaesthetists Trainee Committee, Miller Katy ,   Former Trainee Network Lead Officer, Association of Anaesthetists Trainee Committee, Corcoran Felicity ,   Trainee Committee Elected Member, RCoA, Tuck Matthew ,   BMA representative, Association of Anaesthetists Trainee Committee, Wiggins Jessica ,   ST7 Anaesthesia, Wessex Deanery, Theobald Hannah ,   CT3 Anaesthesia, Wessex Deanery, Shewry Elizabeth H ,   Past GAT Committee Vice Chair 2008–2010
Published: July 2021

I am delighted to welcome you to the 13th edition of the Association of Anaesthetists’ Trainee Handbook. The main objective of the handbook is to offer trainees a comprehensive resource as you navigate your way through your career. A vast array of high-quality authors have been commissioned to write about their specialist field or area of knowledge. Whatever path you choose to take, I believe you will find useful sections within this handbook. Training within anaesthesia is constantly evolving. As I write this foreword, a new training curriculum is being implemented. To reflect the changes ahead, this handbook is not only fully interactive but also a live document. Thus, it will be updated at regular intervals to ensure information remains accurate and relevant. Although this handbook is designed for you to dip in and out of, I strongly encourage you to read the chapters about taking care of yourself. Training is a challenging time, but here at the Association of Anaesthetists we are dedicated to supporting our trainee members. I would like to personally thank all the authors who contributed to this handbook. A special mention of thanks to my fellow Trainee Committee members, Sally El-Ghazali and Rhys Clyburn, as well as the countless Association staff who have made this publication possible. I welcome any feedback you may have, therefore please feel free to contact the Trainee Committee via email trainees@anaesthetists.org or Twitter @Anaes_Trainees Finally, good luck in your career – I hope this handbook helps you along the way! Satinder Dalay Elected Member, Association of Anaesthetists Trainee Co
Intermediate resistance to nematode Meloidogyne paranaensis in Híbrido de Timor coffee genotypes
Authors: Sera Gustavo Hiroshi , Fernandes Lucas Eduardo , Fonseca Inês Cristina de Batista , Ito Dhalton Shiguer , Shigueoka Luciana Harumi , Junior Valdir Mariucci , Bortolato Kawana Silva , Pereira Antônio Alves
Published: July 2021

The aim of this study was to prove that Híbrido de Timor (HdT) accessions are resistance sources to Meloidogyne paranaensis. Two experiments were carried out in a greenhouse at IDR-Paraná (Londrina, Paraná State, Brazil). Open pollinated fruits were harvested from 10 accessions (HdT UFV 380-05, HdT UFV 408-10, HdT UFV 408-11, HdT UFV 408-28, HdT UFV 428-04, HdT UFV 439-14, HdT UFV 443-08, HdT UFV 445-70, HdT UFV 446-138, HdT UFV 448-75) from the EPAMIG/ UFV germplasm bank. Seeds of these accessions were sown to obtain seedlings to test the resistance to M. paranaensis. For each experiment, a completely randomized design was used with 11 treatments, eight replications and one plant per plot. Cultivar Mundo Novo IAC 376-4 was the susceptible check. Seedlings with three to four pairs of leaves were transplanted into plastic cups with a capacity of 700 mL and 1200 eggs. The J2 of M. paranaensis (IP) were inoculated after one month. The assessments were performed 134 days after inoculation, when the data of the number of eggs and J2 per gram of roots and the final population of nematodes (FP) were obtained. The reproduction factor (RF) was calculated using the formula: RF = IP / FP. To classify the resistance levels of the genotypes, the reproduction factor reduction (RFR) was used. It classified the levels from highly resistant to highly susceptible. Different levels of intermediate resistance between the accesses were observed, highlighting HdT UFV 408-28 that presented moderate resistance to M. paranaensis. HdT UFV 408-28 showed a high percentage of plants with intermediate resistance, which can be used in breeding programs aimed at resistance to M. paranaensis
Calcium, copper, manganese and zinc and plant diseases: a review
Authors: Lorenzetti Eloisa , Stangarlin José Renato , Carvalho Jeferson Carlos , Hendges Camila , Mata Tatiane Calandrino da , Neto Alfredo José Alves , Kohler Taís Regina , Tartaro Luciano , Ritter Giovana , Brito Olivia Diulen Costa , Belmonte Cristiani , Feroldi Lorraine Tomim , Júnior Roberto Cecatto
Published: July 2021

All crops are usually affected by phytosanitary and nutritional problems. It is known that fertilizers can elevate productivity and control of diseases, characteristics that make nutrients indispensable in combating hunger, and can help to reduce the use of fungicides and their negative impact on the environment. There are more than 15 elements considered essential for plants, including calcium, manganese, copper, and zinc, which will be detailed in this study in order to understand how they can affect the control of plant diseases.
Application of Trichoderma harzianum on the physiological quality of cowpea seeds
Authors: Pimentel Marcelo Laranjeira , Castro Henara Valéria Miranda , Munduruku Mike Kirixi , Ponte Larissa Conceição Cunha , Alves Deyvielen Maria Ramos , Pinto Rodrigo Batista , Fajardo Juan Daniel Villacis , Fajardo Nancy Andrea Villacis , Alves Deyviane Ramos , Silva Laércio Santos
Published: July 2021

The use of fungi in seed treatment can improve the plant's physiological characteristics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the use of Trichoderma harzianum on the physiological quality of bean seeds. The experiment was set up and conducted in the forest seed laboratory of the Federal University of Western Para, in a randomized design, using 4 procedures on the basis of a colony forming unit (CFU): T1 (0 CFU), T2 (4 x 109 CFU), T3 (8 x 109 CFU) and T4 (12 x 109 CFU), with 5 repetitions. Germination percentage (G%), germination speed index (GSI), hypocotyl length (HL) and radicle length (RL) were evaluated as variables. The data were analyzed by variance analysis and the averages were compared using the Tukey test (p≤0.05), in addition to the regression analysis, using the Minitab© version 18 statistical software. There were differences between the germination percentage tests, in which T2 obtained 100% of germinated seeds, for GSI it was observed that T2 and T3 were equal and superior to the other treatments, while for RL T1 and T2 obtained the best results, however, for HL there were no statistical differences between treatments. T2 was more efficient in the physiological quality of seeds to germination percentage and germination speed index
Production and characterization of lyophilized powder of yellow mombin (Spondias mombin L.) and umbu (Spondias tuberosa)
Authors: Silva Polyana Barbosa da , Almeida Francisco de Assis Cardoso , Gomes Josivanda Palmeira , Silva Semirames do Nascimento , Barroso Antonio Jackson Ribeiro , Moraes Joselito de Sousa , Silva Luzia Márcia de Melo , Matos Joana D´arc Paz de , Silva Luis Paulo Firmino Romão da , Melo Bruno Adelino de , Ramires Christiane Mendes Cassimiro
Published: July 2021

Yellow mombin and umbu are appreciable fruits with growing demand in the Northeast region of Brazil, used mainly in the form of pulps, juices, and ice cream, having great economic potential. Lyophilized products have high added value for maintaining a good part of their nutritional characteristics. The objective was to produce and characterize yellow mombin and umbu powders by lyophilization, using different concentrations of maltodextrin. The pulps were prepared in five formulations considering the addition of maltodextrin, with 0, 10, 20, 25 and 30% for yellow mombin and 0, 10, 15, 20, and 30% for umbu. Then they were frozen and lyophilized in a model L101 lyophilizer at a pressure at a final pressure of 170 mmHg and a temperature of (-50 ºC +/- 3 ºC). The physical-chemical characterization of the whole pulps and of the yellow mombin and umbu powders was carried out and were determined: water content (%), aw (water activity), protein (%), lipids (%), ash (%), ascorbic acid (mg of ascorbic acid.100g-1), SS (ºBrix), pH, titratable acidity (%), SS/AT ratio, color (L*, a * and b*), solubility (%) and hygroscopicity (%). Only in the formulation with 30% maltodextrin the water content of the powders was less than 5%, as recommended by the legislation for lyophilized fruits. The lower water activity (aw) was also obtained in this formulation, in addition to increased solubility and reduced hygroscopicity, which are factors that favor the quality and conservation of powders, which are more suitable for the production of food products
Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) as a remedy to oxisol contaminated with different mercury (Hg2+) concentrations
Authors: Lavezzo Letícia Fernanda , Delarica Denise de Lima Dias , Fostier Anne Hélène , Rigobelo Everlon Cid , Carlos Roberta Souto , Almeida Camila Chioda de , Souza Danilo Olandino , Melo Wanderley José de
Published: July 2021

We evaluated Hibiscus cannabinus (kenaf) to remedy oxisol contaminated with Hg2 + potential. The study was conducted in a controlled environment in pots with soil contaminated with HgCl2 solution, in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments: control (without Hg2+) and treatments with 5, 24 and 36 mg Hg2+ kg-1 of soil and 5 replicates / treatment. The quantification of total Hg in plant and soil samples was performed by atomic absorption spectrometry. Kenaf grown in contaminated pots did not show visual symptoms of toxicity. Plant height did not differ among treatments, but the dry shoot phytomass was 21.65% higher in control than the average of treatments with Hg. Treatment with 24 mg kg-1 showed dry root phytomass greater than control and the others. In general, oxisol was responsible for retaining greater amount of Hg than plants. Hg accumulated in greater proportion in roots than in shoots. In pots that received 36 mg kg-1, plants accumulated average of 2.57 mg kg-1 of Hg / pot, differing from the other treatments and the Hg transfer factor (TF) in plants was also calculated as the ratio of the concentration in shoots and in roots. The values were as follows: 3.11 for T1, 1.26 for T2, 0.05 for T3 and 0.02 for T4. Treatments showed no difference between T3 and T4 and TF decreased with increasing Hg dose. It could be concluded that Hg was more adsorbed by oxisol than by plants. Plants showed resistance to different soil Hg concentrations and can be considered as potential Hg2+ stabilizer
Bioaccessibility Assessment of Cu, Fe, K, Mg, P, and Zn in Thermally Treated Lamb Meat
Authors: de Higuera Julymar , Santos Herick , de Oliveira Aline , Nogueira Ana Rita
Published: July 2021

A bioaccessibility test with raw and cooked lamb meat samples was performed. The evaluated cooking devices were grill, microwave oven, air fryer, pressure cooker, and electric oven. Physicochemical parameters and the total mass fraction of Cu, Fe, K, Mg, P, and Zn were determined in raw and cooked samples by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES). The trueness was evaluated using certified reference materials, with recoveries from 87 to 101%. The pressure cooking presented the major changes, including the highest values of internal temperature, loss of inorganic elements after cooking, and the lowest values of moisture and analyte mass fractions. An in vitro gastrointestinal simulation was performed, and the method was validated by an addition and recovery test, in which the trueness varied from 87 to 115%. The bioaccessibility ranged between 28-56, 4-19, 68-76, 41-54, 48-57, and 1-21% for Cu, Fe, K, Mg, P, and Zn, respectively. The cooking methods promoted changes in the meat samples, thus affecting the bioaccessibility of the nutrients. Based on the recommended dietary intake (RDI) calculation, lamb meat can be considered a good Fe, P, and Zn source.
«Una medida violenta y perjudicial»: cuarentenas en Perú y el surgimiento de una política sanitaria panamericana (1850 - 1905)
Authors: Palma Patricia
Published: July 2021

El presente artículo analiza el establecimiento de cuarentenas en Perú y los debates generados en torno a su implementación como política de salud pública. El marco temporal abarca desde la epidemia de fiebre amarilla en la década de 1850 hasta la Conferencia Sanitaria de Washington 1905, que unificó los criterios de sanidad marítima americana. Se plantea que las discusiones acerca de los costos económicos y sociales de la imposición de cuarentenas ha sido una constante en la historia de la salud de Perú y América Latina. La limitada efectividad de esta política llevó a que se repensara su imposición, y se buscaran medidas alternativas para evitar la expansión de epidemias.
Vacuna durante la «gripe española» en Argentina, 1918-1919: debates teóricos y elaboración de una terapéutica en la periferia de la ciencia
Authors: Carbonetti Adrián
Published: July 2021

En este artículo nos proponemos analizar el proceso de elaboración y prueba de una vacuna contra la «gripe española» en la Argentina, único país en América Latina en el marco de las discusiones que se forjaron acerca del agente etiológico generador de la influenza de 1918-1919. Sostenemos que la enfermedad generó múltiples teorías acerca de este agente que derivaban de las hipótesis que se manejaban en los países centrales. Estos debates influyeron en la fabricación de la vacuna que se concibió en un contexto periférico de la ciencia mundial. Partimos de la hipótesis de que, a pesar de la posición periférica, la acción estatal permitió desarrollar la vacuna mediante la conformación de instituciones y la contratación de científicos europeos. Se realizará una descripción y análisis de las discusiones médicas sobre las causas de la enfermedad, en especial la polémica en la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, y de la ejecución de la vacuna en el Instituto Bacteriológico y su aplicación durante los dos brotes que se desarrollaron en Argentina. El estudio se llevó a cabo a partir de documentación estatal, publicaciones médicas y de la prensa.
Hacia un sistema integral de cuidados en América Latina: los procesos legislativos en las ciudades capitales y en el ámbito nacional de Argentina y México (2018-2020)
Authors: Vinokur Mora , Giordano Verónica
Published: July 2021

En este artículo abordamos la cuestión de los derechos de cuidados en América Latina, específicamente en Argentina y México, enfatizando, en particular, los procesos legislativos sobre sistemas integrales de cuidados en los niveles subnacionales y nacionales, a partir de los casos de Ciudad de México (2018-2019) y de Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (2019), y en el ámbito nacional de los respectivos países, donde hay iniciativas legislativas en curso (2020). El enfoque asumido es el socio-histórico comparativo y de género para mostrar las dinámicas sociales y políticas que afectan a los procedimientos legislativos que conducen al reconocimiento de la condición de derecho de quienes cuidan y quienes son cuidados en cada caso, tanto en los niveles subnacionales de las ciudades capitales como en la dimensión nacional de ambos países. Como categorías de análisis, consideramos las condiciones sociales de violencias de género, los actores sociales y políticos que participan de la construcción de la demanda de legislación de cuidados integrales, y los componentes político-cultural y formal-normativo de los proyectos legislativos presentados. Identificamos diferencias entre casos que estimamos que aportan para desentrañar la complejidad de los protocolos legislativos en materia de derechos del cuidado en América Latina.