bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Passion and Work–Life Thoughts on Work Satisfaction
Authors: Thorgren Sara , Wincent Joakim , Sirén Charlotta
Published: December 2013

The Dualistic Model of Passion has gained increasing attention in social psychology in the past decade. Besides defining passion as “a strong inclination or desire toward an activity that one likes, finds important, and in which one invests time and energy” (Vallerand et al., 2003, p. 757), it acknowledges two types of passion, harmonious and obsessive, which develop according to how individuals internalize an activity in their self‐concept. A growing body of empirical research, particularly in nonwork settings, has demonstrated that harmonious passion and obsessive passion have distinct outcomes. As such, this two‐dimensional passion construct may be particularly useful for developing a more comprehensive understanding of how individuals engage with work compared to the existing one‐dimensional constructs of job engagement used in organizational literature. The present study develops hypotheses and tests the direct effect of harmonious and obsessive passion with work satisfaction. It also aims to develop theory by connecting the dualistic passion approach with work–life conflict; in doing so, it tests how individuals' off‐task thoughts at work and on‐task thoughts off work may mediate this relationship. Using a quantitative survey, the hypotheses are tested on a random sample of individuals engaged in business start‐ups in Sweden. Whereas harmonious passion exhibits a direct effect with work satisfaction, obsessive passion exhibits an indirect effect through on‐task thoughts off work with work satisfaction.
Magic Angle Spinning NMR of Macromolecular and Supramolecular Systems
Authors: Spiess Hans Wolfgang
Published: December 2013

Sideband patterns in single quantum and double quantum magic angle spinning NMR spectra are reviewed. Their use in elucidating non‐covalent interactions, such as hydrogen bonds or pi‐pi stacking, is demonstrated by studies of supramolecular systems of current interest. Moreover, the effects of local and collective motions are illustrated by examples from supramolecular and macromolecular science.
Building Career PATHS (Postschool Achievement Through Higher Skills) for Young Women With Disabilities
Authors: Lindstrom Lauren , Doren Bonnie , Post Cindy , Lombardi Allison
Published: December 2013

The PATHS (Postschool Achievement Through Higher Skills) curriculum is designed to address the career development needs of young women with disabilities and other barriers. Participants (N = 110) in a pilot test of the curriculum showed increases in vocational self‐efficacy, social efficacy, and awareness of disability/gender issues related to career planning, whereas those in the comparison group did not make similar gains. Qualitative findings from focus groups (N = 68) revealed that PATHS participants improved in self‐confidence, self‐awareness, ability to identify strengths, knowledge of multiple career options, and the capacity to set goals and plan for future careers.
Synthesis, Reactions, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of 2,3′‐Bipyridine Derivatives (III)
Authors: Attaby Fawzy A. , Abdel‐Fattah Azza M. , Shaif Labeeb M. , Elsayed Mohamed M.
Published: December 2013

1‐Pyridin‐3‐yl‐3‐(2‐thienyl of 2‐furyl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐ones 1a, 1b reacted with 2‐cyanoethanethioamide 2 to afford the corresponding 4‐(thiophen‐2‐yl or furan‐2‐yl)‐6‐sulfanyl‐2,3′‐bipyridine‐5‐carbonitriles 3a, 3b. The synthetic potentiality of compounds 3a, 3b were investigated in the present study via their reactions with several active halogen containing compounds 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e, 4f, 4g, 4h, 5, 5a, 5b. Our aim here is the synthesis of 4‐(2‐thienyl or 2‐furyl)‐6‐pyridin‐3‐ylthieno[2,3‐b]pyridin‐3‐amines 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d, 6e, 6g, 6h, 6i, 6j, 6k, 6l, 6m, 6n,via 6‐(alkyl‐thio)‐4‐(2‐thienyl or 2‐furyl)‐2,3′‐bipyridine‐5‐carbonitriles 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5i, 5j, 5k, 5l, 5m. The structures of all newly synthesized heterocyclic compounds were elucidated by considering the data of IR, 1H‐NMR, mass spectra, as well as that of elemental analyses. Anti‐cancer, anti‐Alzheimer, and anti‐COX‐2 activities were investigated for all the newly synthesized heterocyclic compounds.
Synthesis of 4‐Imino‐2H,3H,5H‐[1,2,5]thiadiazolidin‐1‐oxide through Cycloaddition Reaction of N‐Sulphinylanilines and N‐(α‐Cyano‐α‐aryl)‐methylanilines
Authors: Kaur Manpreet , Singh Baldev
Published: December 2013

Through the normal mode of cycloaddition reaction of N‐(α‐cyano‐α‐aryl)‐methylanilines (II) onto N‐sulphinylanilines (III) has provided 2,3,5‐triaryl‐4‐imino‐2H,3H,5H‐[1,2,5]thiadiazolidin‐1‐oxides (IV). The present protocol has advantage of convenient operation to synthesize heterocyclics in good yield.
Rationale of personalized immunosuppressive medication for hepatocellular carcinoma patients after liver transplantation
Authors: Chen Kan , Man Kwan , Metselaar Herold J. , Janssen Harry L. A. , Peppelenbosch Maikel P. , Pan Qiuwei
Published: December 2013

Liver transplantation is the only potentially curative treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that is not eligible for surgical resection. However, disease recurrence is the main challenge to the success of this treatment. Immunosuppressants that are universally used after transplantation to prevent graft rejection could potentially have a significant impact on HCC recurrence. Nevertheless, current research is exclusively focused on mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors, which are thought to be the only class of immunosuppressive agents that can reduce HCC recurrence. In fact, substantial evidence from the bench to the bedside indicates that other classes of immunosuppressants may also exert diverse effects; for example, inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibitors potentially have antitumor effects. In this article, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the potential effects of different types of immunosuppressants on HCC recurrence and their mechanisms of action from both experimental and clinical perspectives. To ultimately improve the outcomes of HCC patients after transplantation, we propose a concept and approaches for developing personalized immunosuppressive medication to be used either as immunosuppression maintenance or during the prevention/treatment of HCC recurrence. Liver Transpl 20:261-269, 2014. © 2013 AASLD.
Tannic acid as corrosion inhibitor for metals and alloys
Authors: Kusmierek E. , Chrzescijanska E.
Published: December 2013

Reduction of environmental impacts caused by pollution harmful to metals and alloys is very important. The atmospheric corrosion is a serious problem due to economic and environmental losses. Thus it is important to properly prevent corrosion phenomena. Tannic acid is one of natural, non‐toxic, and environment friendly inhibitors of corrosion. The inhibitive action of tannic acid was investigated using linear polarization resistance method. The corrosion parameters: corrosion potential and current as well as polarisation resistance, were determined. Corrosion rate and inhibitive efficiency was calculated for two series of tested samples (metals and alloys). An inhibitive effect of tannic acid concentration and immersion number in tannic acid solution on metal and alloys corrosion was described. Copper appeared to be the most resistant metal to corrosion in the presence of tannic acid. Higher inhibitive efficiency of tannic aid was observed in the case of Inconel 625 alloy than steel due to higher content of Cr and lower content of Fe.
A new method to predict the remaining life of corrosion casing for steam injection wells
Authors: Zhu X. H. , Sun R. Q. , Tong H.
Published: December 2013

As corrosion seriously reduces the service life of casing, considering no given formulas for remaining life calculation and the limitations of the laboratory tests and field data in investigating the lifetime of corrosion casing. To research the service ability of casing under uniform corrosion in steam injection wells, in this paper a new method is put forward, namely based on birth and death element technique (BDET), by building the thermo‐structural coupling model of casing‐cement‐formation to simulate the process of uniform corrosion. Three kinds of 5½, 7, and 9⅝ in. casing are studied to get the residual strength and remaining life under internal pressure, steam temperature and uniform corrosion rate to make comprehensive evaluation on the casing performance. The relation equations of the dimensionless residual strength with the dimensionless pressure and steam temperature are received based on the regression analysis. By comparison the prediction results with the field lifetime data, this method is proven to be reliable and applicative in predicting the lifetime of corrosive casing.
Relaxation effects in MRI‐based quantification of fat content and fatty acid composition
Authors: Peterson Pernilla , Svensson Jonas , Månsson Sven
Published: December 2013

Purpose: To investigate various sources of bias in MRI‐based quantification of fat fraction (FF) and fatty acid composition (FAC) using chemical shift‐encoded techniques.

Methods: Signals from various FFs and FACs and individual relaxation rates of all signal components were simulated. From these signals, FF and FAC parameters were estimated with and without correction for differences in individual relaxation rates. In addition, phantom experiments were conducted with various flip angles and number of echoes to validate the simulations.

Results: As expected, T1 weighting resulted in an overestimation of the FF, but had much smaller impact on the FAC parameters. Differences in T2 values of the signal components resulted in overestimation of the FAC parameters in fat/water mixtures, whereas the estimation in pure oil was largely unaffected. This bias was corrected using a simplified signal model with different T2 values of water and fat, where the accuracy of the modeled T2 of water was critical. The results of the phantom experiment were in agreement with simulations.

Conclusion: T1 weighting has only a minor effect on FAC quantification in both fat/water mixtures and pure oils. T2 weighting is mainly a concern in fat/water mixtures but may be corrected using a simplified model. Magn Reson Med 72:1320–1329, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multi‐scale modeling of surface effects in nano‐materials with temperature‐related Cauchy‐Born hypothesis via the modified boundary Cauchy‐Born model
Authors: Khoei A.R. , Ghahremani P. , DorMohammadi H.
Published: December 2013

In nano‐structures, the influence of surface effects on the properties of material is highly important because the ratio of surface to volume at the nano‐scale level is much higher than that of the macro‐scale level. In this paper, a novel temperature‐dependent multi‐scale model is presented based on the modified boundary Cauchy‐Born (MBCB) technique to model the surface, edge, and corner effects in nano‐scale materials. The Lagrangian finite element formulation is incorporated into the heat transfer analysis to develop the thermo‐mechanical finite element model. The temperature‐related Cauchy‐Born hypothesis is implemented by using the Helmholtz free energy to evaluate the temperature effect in the atomistic level. The thermo‐mechanical multi‐scale model is applied to determine the temperature related characteristics at the nano‐scale level. The first and second derivatives of free energy density are computed using the first Piola‐Kirchhoff stress and tangential stiffness tensor at the macro‐scale level. The concept of MBCB is introduced to capture the surface, edge, and corner effects. The salient point of MBCB model is the definition of radial quadrature used at the surface, edge, and corner elements as an indicator of material behavior. The characteristics of quadrature are derived by interpolating the data from the atomic level laid in a circular support around the quadrature in a least‐square approach. Finally, numerical examples are modeled using the proposed computational algorithm, and the results are compared with the fully atomistic model to illustrate the performance of MBCB multi‐scale model in the thermo‐mechanical analysis of metallic nano‐scale devices. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of template‐based protein structure predictions in CASP10
Authors: Huang Yuanpeng J. , Mao Binchen , Aramini James M. , Montelione Gaetano T.
Published: December 2013

Template‐based modeling (TBM) is a major component of the critical assessment of protein structure prediction (CASP). In CASP10, some 41,740 predicted models submitted by 150 predictor groups were assessed as TBM predictions. The accuracy of protein structure prediction was assessed by geometric comparison with experimental X‐ray crystal and NMR structures using a composite score that included both global alignment metrics and distance‐matrix–based metrics. These included GDT‐HA and GDC‐all global alignment scores, and the superimposition‐independent LDDT distance‐matrix–based score. In addition, a superimposition‐independent RPF metric, similar to that described previously for comparing protein models against experimental NMR data, was used for comparing predicted protein structure models against experimental protein structures. To score well on all four of these metrics, models must feature accurate predictions of both backbone and side‐chain conformations. Performance rankings were determined independently for server and the combined server plus human‐curated predictor groups. Final rankings were made using paired head‐to‐head Student's t‐test analysis of raw metric scores among the top 25 performing groups in each category. Proteins 2014; 82(Suppl 2):43–56. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Heterochrony of cuticular differentiation in eusocial corbiculate bees
Authors: Elias-Neto Moysés , Nascimento Ana L. O. , Bonetti Ana M. , Nascimento Fabio S. , Mateus Sidnei , Garófalo Carlos A. , Bitondi Márcia M. G.
Published: December 2013

The exoskeleton (cuticle) of insects varies widely in shape, biomechanical properties, and functions, which are inherent to the biological species and developmental stage, besides showing a wealth of architectural specializations and nuances in the different body regions. The morphological pattern of exoskeleton maturation was studied in eusocial and solitary bees, including species of all three eusocial tribes of corbiculate bees as follows: Apini, Meliponini, and Bombini. The results showed striking differences in the rate of cuticle maturation between the solitary bees that leave the nest soon after the adult ecdysis, and the eusocial bees that take longer to leave the colony for foraging activities. There was a clear delay in the post-ecdysial cuticle tanning (melanization and sclerotization) in the eusocial bee species in comparison to the solitary species, suggesting adaptation to sociality and to the protective environment of the colony. Such heterochrony of cuticle maturation seems a conserved ontogenetic trait related to the way of life in corbiculate bees. The data generated a basic framework of exoskeleton maturation in corbiculate bees, under ontogenetic and evolutionary approaches, and give experimental support for further research on adaptation to the colony environment.
MicroRNA‐344 inhibits 3T3‐L1 cell differentiation via targeting GSK3β of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway
Authors: Chen Hu , Wang Siqi , Chen Luxi , Chen Yaosheng , Wu Ming , Zhang Yun , Yu Kaifan , Huang Zheng , Qin Lijun , Mo Delin
Published: December 2013

Differentiation of 3T3‐L1 cells into adipocytes involves a highly orchestrated series of complex events in which microRNAs might play an essential role. In this study, we found that the overexpression of microRNA‐344 (miR‐344) inhibits 3T3‐L1 cell differentiation and decreases triglyceride accumulation after MDI stimulation. We demonstrated that miR‐344 directly targets the 3′ UTR of GSK3β (Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta). Knockdown of GSK3β with siRNA results in inhibiting 3T3‐L1 differentiation, while its overexpression restores the effect of miR‐344. In addition, miR‐344 elevates the level of active β‐catenin, which is the downstream effector of GSK3β in the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway. These data indicate that miR‐344 inhibits adipocyte differentiation via targeting GSK3β and subsequently activating the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway.
Construction of carotenoid biosynthetic pathways using squalene synthase
Authors: Furubayashi Maiko , Li Ling , Katabami Akinori , Saito Kyoichi , Umeno Daisuke
Published: December 2013

The first committed steps of steroid/hopanoid pathways involve squalene synthase (SQS). Here, we report the Escherichia coli production of diaponeurosporene and diapolycopene, yellow C30 carotenoid pigments, by expressing human SQS and Staphylococcus aureus dehydrosqualene (C30 carotenoid) desaturase (CrtN). We suggest that the carotenoid pigments are synthesized mainly via the desaturation of squalene rather than the direct synthesis of dehydrosqualene through the non‐reductive condensation of prenyl diphosphate precursors, indicating the possible existence of a “squalene route” and a “lycopersene route” for C30 and C40 carotenoids, respectively. Additionally, this finding yields a new method of colorimetric screening for the cellular activity of squalene synthases, which are major targets for cholesterol‐lowering drugs.
Legal and ethical standards for protecting women's human rights and the practice of conscientious objection in reproductive healthcare settings
Authors: Zampas Christina
Published: December 2013

The practice of conscientious objection by healthcare workers is growing across the globe. It is most common in reproductive healthcare settings because of the religious or moral values placed on beliefs as to when life begins. It is often invoked in the context of abortion and contraceptive services, including the provision of information related to such services. Few states adequately regulate the practice, leading to denial of access to lawful reproductive healthcare services and violations of fundamental human rights. International ethical, health, and human rights standards have recently attempted to address these challenges by harmonizing the practice of conscientious objection with women's right to sexual and reproductive health services. FIGO ethical standards have had an important role in influencing human rights development in this area. They consider regulation of the unfettered use of conscientious objection essential to the realization of sexual and reproductive rights. Under international human rights law, states have a positive obligation to act in this regard. While ethical and human rights standards regarding this issue are growing, they do not yet exhaustively cover all the situations in which women's health and human rights are in jeopardy because of the practice. The present article sets forth existing ethical and human rights standards on the issue and illustrates the need for further development and clarity on balancing these rights and interests.
A combined solid- and solution-phase approach provides convenient access to analogues of the calcium-dependent lipopeptide antibiotics
Authors: Hart Peter 't , Kleijn Laurens H. J. , de Bruin Gerjan , Oppedijk Sabine F. , Kemmink Johan , Martin Nathaniel I.
Published: December 2013

A synthetic route combining solid- and solution-phase techniques allows for the rapid preparation of daptomycin analogues.
A one-pot solvothermal synthesis of hierarchical microspheres with radially assembled single-crystalline TiO2-nanorods for high performance dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: He Ziming , Liu Jing , Miao Jianwei , Liu Bin , Yang Tan Timothy Thatt
Published: December 2013

A simple solvothermal strategy is presented to prepare morphology-tunable hierarchical TiO2 microspheres, and the microsphere-based photoanode exhibited a power conversion efficiency of 7.95%.
Blue fluorescent dihydro-indenoindene derivatives with unusual low oxidation potentials as multifunctional OLED materials
Authors: Wei Yi , Wang Wei-Jyun , Huang Yu-Ting , Wang Bo-Cheng , Chen Wen-Hao , Wu Sang-Hsiu , He Chiu-Hui
Published: December 2013

Blue fluorescent bis(diarylamino)dihydro-indenoindene derivatives were synthesised as candidate materials for multifunctional OLEDs.
Distributed switch and stay combining with partial relay selection and signal space diversity
Authors: Paruk Zaid , Xu Hongjun
Published: December 2013

Spatial diversity schemes are often used to extract additional performance from wireless communication systems. Incorporating the partial relay selection (PRS) protocol into a distributed switch‐and‐stay combining (DSSC) cooperative communication network gives the benefit of diversity while simplifying hardware, processing and feedback requirements. Because only a single relay is ever active, the destination employs no combiner; the best relay is chosen based on first‐hop relay conditions. However, achieved performance is worse than other distributed protocols, such as distributed selection combining (DSC). In this study, signal space diversity (SSD) is added to the DSSC–PRS system to provide further diversity and error performance gains, at the expense of necessitating a maximum‐likelihood detector with increased complexity at the receiver. Analytical results are presented in the form of a lower bound based on the minimum distance lower bound for SSD systems and are verified with simulation. The DSSC–PRS–SSD system shows an improvement of 5 dB at a symbol error rate of 10−4 as well as a clear diversity order improvement. Spectral efficiency of the new system with SSD is slightly decreased at low signal‐to‐noise ratios, but is still an improvement over other distributed schemes, such as DSC.
Stabilisation of Markov jump linear systems subject to both state and mode detection delays
Authors: Yang Ting , Zhang Lixian , Li Yuandi , Leng Yusong
Published: December 2013

This study addresses the stabilisation problem of a class of discrete‐time Markov jump linear systems subject to time delays which occur in both the system state and mode detection. The mode detection delay means that there exists a lag between the switching of the system modes and the switching of the corresponding controllers. The state delays are considered to be random but with upper and lower bounds, and the mode detection delay is assumed to be constant. With an extended state space, the underlying system can be remodelled as a Markov jump linear system in which the system complexity and the number of system modes are both increased to a certain extent, but remain unchanged when the mode detection delay becomes larger. A sufficient condition guaranteeing the stochastic stability of the system is obtained via a modified stochastic Lyapunov function. The effectiveness of the proposed design approach is demonstrated by a numerical example.
Urban Street Networks, a Comparative Analysis of Ten European Cities
Authors: Strano Emanuele , Viana Matheus , da Fontoura Costa Luciano , Cardillo Alessio , Porta Sergio , Latora Vito
Published: December 2013

We compare the structural properties of the street networks of ten different European cities using their primal representation. We investigate the properties of the geometry of the networks and a set of centrality measures highlighting differences and similarities between cases. In particular, we found that cities share structural similarities due to their quasiplanarity but that there are also several distinctive geometrical properties. A principal component analysis is performed on the distributions of centralities and their respective moments, which is used to find distinctive characteristics by which we can classify cities into families. We believe that, beyond the improvement of the empirical knowledge on streets' network properties, our findings can open new perspectives into the scientific relationship between city planning and complex networks, stimulating the debate on the effectiveness of the set of knowledge that statistical physics can contribute for city planning and urban-morphology studies.
Genome differentiation of
Drosophila melanogaster
from a microclimate contrast in Evolution Canyon, Israel
Authors: Hübner Sariel , Rashkovetsky Eugenia , Kim Young Bun , Oh Jung Hun , Michalak Katarzyna , Weiner Dmitry , Korol Abraham B. , Nevo Eviatar , Michalak Pawel
Published: December 2013

Significance

The microclimatic contrast between opposing slopes of “Evolution Canyon” (Mount Carmel, Israel) provides a natural laboratory for testing the effects of abiotic factors on biodiversity and population genetic differentiation in a geographical microscale.
Drosophila melanogaster
fruitflies originating from the opposite canyon slopes are subject to divergent selection leading to slope-specific adaptations, accompanied by incipient mating isolation, all in the face of pervasive demographic processes, including ongoing genetic exchange. We demonstrate that interslope genetic changes in this species accumulate in a number of chromosomal differentiation “islands” and that gene networks related to adaptive responses and reproductive processes are thus significantly affected.
Ecological and Demographic Costs of Releasing Nonmigratory Juvenile Hatchery Steelhead in the Methow River, Washington
Authors: Snow Charles G. , Murdoch Andrew R. , Kahler Thomas H.
Published: December 2013

We classified juvenile hatchery summer steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss released from Wells Hatchery, Washington, from three brood years (2002–2004) as those that migrated volitionally (VM) from rearing ponds or as those that were forced out of rearing ponds after volitional migration concluded (NM). Fish were implanted with PIT tags prior to release and we used recreational angling equipment to recapture tagged fish to estimate the relative contribution rates of VM and NM release groups to the stream-resident population of juvenile hatchery summer steelhead in the Twisp River. We also evaluated the survival for each group from release to McNary Dam, and from release to adult return (SAR) at Bonneville and Wells dams on the Columbia River. Overall, we estimated that 82% of stream-resident hatchery juvenile summer steelhead originated from releases of NM fish. The probability of survival from release to McNary Dam was significantly greater for VM groups (mean, 0.4817; SE, 0.023) than for NM groups (mean, 0.2182; SE, 0.021) within each year. The mean SAR to Bonneville and Wells dams was 1.54% and 1.26%, respectively, for VM fish and 0.37% and 0.32%, respectively, for NM fish; the differences were significant between groups within each year. As an index of release strategy performance, VM releases resulted in one stream-resident fish recaptured for every 7.8 adults returned, while NM releases produced one stream-resident fish recaptured for every 0.48 adults returned. These results suggest that managers employ a volitional release strategy to significantly reduce the abundance of stream-resident juvenile hatchery steelhead by not releasing NM fish into waters inhabited by anadromous fishes, thereby reducing negative ecological interactions between hatchery residual steelhead and wild salmonids at little cost to adult returns.

Received February 25, 2013; accepted July 8, 2013
Comparison of Electrofishing Techniques to Detect Larval Lampreys in Wadeable Streams in the Pacific Northwest
Authors: Dunham Jason B. , Chelgren Nathan D. , Heck Michael P. , Clark Steven M.
Published: December 2013

We evaluated the probability of detecting larval lampreys using different methods of backpack electrofishing in wadeable streams in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. Our primary objective was to compare capture of lampreys using electrofishing with standard settings for salmon and trout to settings specifically adapted for capture of lampreys. Field work consisted of removal sampling by means of backpack electrofishing in 19 sites in streams representing a broad range of conditions in the region. Captures of lampreys at these sites were analyzed with a modified removal-sampling model and Bayesian estimation to measure the relative odds of capture using the lamprey-specific settings compared with the standard salmonid settings. We found that the odds of capture were 2.66 (95% credible interval, 0.87–78.18) times greater for the lamprey-specific settings relative to standard salmonid settings. When estimates of capture probability were applied to estimating the probabilities of detection, we found high (>0.80) detectability when the actual number of lampreys in a site was greater than 10 individuals and effort was at least two passes of electrofishing, regardless of the settings used. Further work is needed to evaluate key assumptions in our approach, including the evaluation of individual-specific capture probabilities and population closure. For now our results suggest comparable results are possible for detection of lampreys by using backpack electrofishing with salmonid- or lamprey-specific settings.

Received December 28, 2012; accepted July 10, 2013
Predictive Models for Differentiating Habitat Use of Coastal Cutthroat Trout and Steelhead at the Reach and Landscape Scale
Authors: Ptolemy Ronald A.
Published: December 2013

Steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss and Coastal Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii are closely related species that are difficult to differentiate as juveniles and are commonly sympatric at the watershed scale. If Cutthroat Trout spawning and early rearing occur in small streams, it is often difficult to assess which parts of a stream network are dominated by each species. In this study I used catch data from 649 sites in coastal British Columbia to develop quantitative models of species presence and relative dominance as a function of stream size. An independent data set of 561 streams from the USA was used for the cross validation of models developed with data from British Columbia. The relative dominance of Cutthroat Trout or steelhead was predicted using logistic regression with stream and channel width, stream order, watershed area, unit runoff, ecoregion placement, and long-term mean annual discharge (LT mad) as predictor variables. The LT mad was the best predictor of Cutthroat Trout and steelhead dominance, with a correct classification rate of 98% for the entire species range. Costal Cutthroat Trout dominated in reaches or streams where LT mad was ≤630 L/s, and steelhead dominated in reaches where LT mad was >1,000 L/s. The models have practical application for predicting stream-bearing length and area used primarily by each species at the landscape scale of productive capacity relative to habitat threats.

Received June 18, 2012; accepted July 17, 2013
Tributary Spawning by Endangered Colorado River Basin Fishes in the White River
Authors: Webber P. Aaron , Bestgen Kevin R. , Haines G. Bruce
Published: December 2013

The Green River system in the upper Colorado River basin supports populations of endangered Razorback Sucker Xyrauchen texanus and Colorado Pikeminnow Ptychocheilus lucius. Documented spawning areas for these species are few and occur mainly in the Green River main stem and the lower reach of the tributary Yampa River. Herein, we report spawning by both species in an additional Green River tributary, the White River. We documented Razorback Sucker and Colorado Pikeminnow larvae and early juveniles in a 20-km reach of the lower White River, Utah, in 2011. Movement of hatchery-produced Razorback Sucker adults into the White River and subsequent reproduction suggests that these fish use the system to complete important life history processes. Presence of spawning areas for two endangered fishes in the White River emphasizes the important role of tributaries for providing spawning and rearing habitat for native and endangered fishes.

Received April 2, 2013; accepted July 18, 2013
Spawning Success of Bull Trout Transported above Main-Stem Clark Fork River Dams in Idaho and Montana
Authors: DeHaan Patrick W. , Bernall Shana R.
Published: December 2013

Three main-stem dams have fragmented the Clark Fork River in Montana and Idaho for nearly 100 years. Since 2001, Bull Trout Salvelinus confluentus collected below the farthest downstream dam, Cabinet Gorge Dam, have been manually transported upstream so that they can return to natal spawning tributaries and contribute gametes to numerically depressed populations upstream from the dams. Although redd counts and radio telemetry data suggest that these adults attempted to spawn after upstream transport, spawning success has not been documented or quantified. We used genetic parentage assignments to determine whether adult Bull Trout were successfully spawning after being transported upstream. Parentage data were also used to examine reproductive success and spawning behavior of fish transported upstream (transports) as well as Bull Trout that spawned in the same tributaries but were not transported upstream (nontransports). We genotyped 1,362 juvenile Bull Trout collected in two Clark Fork River tributaries, East Fork Bull River and Graves Creek, from 2008 to 2010 as well as 184 adult Bull Trout collected below Cabinet Gorge Dam and in Clark Fork River tributaries from 2004 to 2010. Parentage data indicated that Bull Trout collected below Cabinet Gorge Dam did spawn after upstream transport; nearly 27% of the juveniles sampled in this study had at least one upstream transport parent. Reproductive success varied widely among the adults we assigned as parents. We observed a variety of spawning patterns including adults that spawned only once, annual repeat spawners, and alternate-year spawners. Our data provide evidence that the upstream transport program is meeting its goal of increasing the number of spawning adults in Bull Trout populations upstream from Clark Fork River dams and highlights the fact that nontransported fish also make an important contribution to the local tributary populations.

Received January 29, 2013; accepted August 28, 2013
Increased Piscivory by Lake Whitefish in Lake Huron
Authors: Pothoven Steven A. , Madenjian Charles P.
Published: December 2013

We evaluated the diet of Lake Whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis in Lake Huron during 2002–2011 to determine the importance of Round Goby Neogobius melanostomus and other fish as prey items. Lake Whitefish that had reached approximately 400 mm in length incorporated fish into their diets. The overall percentage of adult Lake Whitefish in Lake Huron that had eaten fish increased from 10% in 2002–2006 to 20% in 2007–2011, with a corresponding decrease in the frequency of Lake Whitefish that ate Dreissena spp. from 52% to 33%. During 2002–2006, Round Goby (wet mass, 38%), sculpins (Cottidae) (34%), and Ninespine Stickleback Pungitius pungitius (18%) were the primary fish eaten, whereas Round Goby accounted for 92% of the fish eaten in 2007–2011. Overall, Round Goby were found in the fewest Lake Whitefish stomachs in the north region of Lake Huron (6%) and in the most in the central (23%) and south (19%) regions of the lake. In the central region, Round Goby were eaten during all seasons that were sampled (spring through fall). In the south region, Round Goby were eaten only in the winter and spring but not in the summer when Dreissena spp. and spiny water flea Bythotrephes longimanus dominated the diet. Based on the 2007–2011 diet composition, an individual Lake Whitefish would need to have increased their consumption relative to that in 1983–1994 by 6% in the north region, 12% in the central region, and 41% in the southern region in order to achieve the same growth that was observed before dreissenid mussels arrived. However, Lake Whitefish weight adjusted for length only increased by 2% between 2002–2006 and 2007–2011 in the central region, decreased by 4% in the northern region, and remained constant in the southern region. This suggests that a shift toward more frequent piscivory does not necessarily improve the condition of a generalist feeder like Lake Whitefish.

Received June 14, 2013; accepted August 28, 2013
Direct formation of millisecond pulsars from rotationally delayed accretion-induced collapse of massive white dwarfs
Authors: Freire Paulo C. C. , Tauris Thomas M.
Published: December 2013

Millisecond pulsars (MSPs) are believed to be old neutron stars, formed via Type Ib/c core-collapse supernovae, which have subsequently been spun up to high rotation rates via accretion from a companion star in a highly circularized low-mass X-ray binary. The recent discoveries of Galactic field binary MSPs in eccentric orbits, and mass functions compatible with that expected for helium white dwarf companions, PSR J2234+06 and PSR J1946+3417, therefore challenge this picture. Here, we present a hypothesis for producing this new class of systems, where the MSPs are formed directly from a rotationally delayed accretion-induced collapse of a super-Chandrasekhar mass white dwarf. We compute the orbital properties of the MSPs formed in such events and demonstrate that our hypothesis can reproduce the observed eccentricities, masses and orbital periods of the white dwarfs, as well as forecasting the pulsar masses and velocities. Finally, we compare this hypothesis to a triple-star scenario.
Teamwork: Therapist and Cotherapist in the Nordoff-Robbins Approach to Music Therapy
Authors: Turry Alan , Marcus David
Published: December 2013

This article will attempt to give the reader/listener a sense of the experience of teamwork that is central to the Nordoff-Robbins approach. This way of working considers the team holistically, as an integrated unit that is greater than the mere sum of its individual functions, exploring the ways in which a team shares and communicates perception, responds to musical and creative impulses, and realizes clinical intentions. The discussion that follows will emphasize the contribution of the co-therapist to the therapeutic process. It explores the formation and function of the initial Nordoff-Robbins therapy team, and the evolution of team roles and training. Through the presentation of an audio example with commentary giving moment-by-moment insight, the clinical experience of a particular pair of therapists conducting group music therapy will be explicated.
Single-cell genomics reveals metabolic strategies for microbial growth and survival in an oligotrophic aquifer
Authors: Wilkins Michael J. , Kennedy David W. , Castelle Cindy J. , Field Erin K. , Stepanauskas Ramunas , Fredrickson James K. , Konopka Allan E.
Published: December 2013

Bacteria from the genus Pedobacter are a major component of microbial assemblages at Hanford Site (a largely decommissioned nuclear production complex) in eastern Washington state, USA, and have been shown to change significantly in abundance in response to the subsurface intrusion of Columbia River water. Here we employed single-cell genomics techniques to shed light on the physiological niche of these micro-organisms. Analysis of four Pedobacter single amplified genomes (SAGs) from Hanford Site sediments revealed a chemoheterotrophic lifestyle, with the potential to exist under both aerobic and microaerophilic conditions via expression of both aa3
-type and cbb3
-type cytochrome c oxidases. These SAGs encoded a wide range of both intra- and extracellular carbohydrate-active enzymes, potentially enabling the degradation of recalcitrant substrates such as xylan and chitin, and the utilization of more labile sugars such as mannose and fucose. Coupled to these enzymes, a diversity of transporters and sugar-binding molecules were involved in the uptake of carbon from the extracellular local environment. The SAGs were enriched in TonB-dependent receptors, which play a key role in uptake of substrates resulting from degradation of recalcitrant carbon. Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR)-Cas mechanisms for resisting viral infections were identified in all SAGs. These data demonstrate the potential mechanisms utilized for persistence by heterotrophic micro-organisms in a carbon-limited aquifer, and hint at potential linkages between observed Pedobacter abundance shifts within the 300 Area (in the south-eastern corner of the site) subsurface and biogeochemical shifts associated with Columbia River water intrusion.
N-(2-Chloro-5-nitrophenyl)-N′-(3-chloropropionyl)thiourea
Authors: Yamin Bohari M. , Soh Siti K. C. , Yusoff Siti Fairus M.
Published: December 2013

The title compound, C10H9Cl2N3O3S, adopts a trans–cis conformation with respect to the position of chloropropionyl and chloronitrobenzene groups respectively, against the thiono about their C—N bonds. The conformation is stabilized by an intramolecular N—H...O hydrogen bond. In the crystal, there is a short Cl...Cl contact with a distance of 3.386 (13) Å.
2-{2-[5-(4-Cyano-5-dicyanomethylidene-2,2-dimethyl-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-yl)penta-2,4-dienylidene]-3,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-1-yl}ethyl 3,5-bis(benzyloxy)benzoate
Authors: Gainsford Graeme J. , Bhuiyan M. Delower H. , Kay Andrew J.
Published: December 2013

In the title molecule, C48H42N4O5, a potential non-linear optical compound, the furan ring [r.m.s. deviation = 0.010 (1) Å] and the indolylidene ring system [r.m.s. deviation = 0.013 (2) Å] are inclined to one another by 18.52 (6)°. This is similar to the arrangement [16.51 (18)°] found for the N-hydroxyethyl adduct of the title compound [Bhuiyan et al. (2011). Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst.
548, 1–12]. Replacing the hydroxyethyl group with 3,5-dibenzyloxybenzoate has not resulted in a non-centrosymmetric lattice arrangement or significant changes to the basic molecular structure. In the crystal, molecules are linked via pairs of C—H...N hydrogen bonds, forming inversion dimers with an R
2
2(20) ring motif. The dimers are linked via C—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming C(17) chains along [010]. The chains are linked by further C—H...N hydrogen bonds, forming layers parallel to (001) and enclosing R
2
2(44) ring motifs. There are also C—H...π interactions present, stabilizing the interlayer orientation of the pendant bis(benzyloxy)benzoyloxy group.
Thorough small-angle X-ray scattering analysis of the instability of liquid micro-jets in air
Authors: Marmiroli Benedetta , Cacho-Nerin Fernando , Sartori Barbara , Pérez Javier , Amenitsch Heinz
Published: December 2013

Liquid jets are of interest, both for their industrial relevance and for scientific applications (more important, in particular for X-rays, after the advent of free-electron lasers that require liquid jets as sample carrier). Instability mechanisms have been described theoretically and by numerical simulation, but confirmed by few experimental techniques. In fact, these are mainly based on cameras, which is limited by the imaging resolution, and on light scattering, which is hindered by absorption, reflection, Mie scattering and multiple scattering due to complex air/liquid interfaces during jet break-up. In this communication it is demonstrated that synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) can give quantitative information on liquid jet dynamics at the nanoscale, by detecting time-dependent morphology and break-up length. Jets ejected from circular tubes of different diameters (100–450 µm) and speeds (0.7–21 m s−1) have been explored to cover the Rayleigh and first wind-induced regimes. Various solvents (water, ethanol, 2-propanol) and their mixtures have been examined. The determination of the liquid jet behaviour becomes essential, as it provides background data in subsequent studies of chemical and biological reactions using SAXS or X-ray diffraction based on synchrotron radiation and free-electron lasers.
Behavior Change Interventions to Improve the Health of Racial and Ethnic Minority Populations: A Tool Kit of Adaptation Approaches
Authors: DAVIDSON EMMA M. , LIU JING JING , BHOPAL RAJ , WHITE MARTIN , JOHNSON MARK R.D. , NETTO GINA , WABNITZ CECILE , SHEIKH AZIZ
Published: December 2013

Context

Adapting behavior change interventions to meet the needs of racial and ethnic minority populations has the potential to enhance their effectiveness in the target populations. But because there is little guidance on how best to undertake these adaptations, work in this field has proceeded without any firm foundations. In this article, we present our Tool Kit of Adaptation Approaches as a framework for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers interested in delivering behavior change interventions to ethnically diverse, underserved populations in the United Kingdom.

Methods

We undertook a mixed‐method program of research on interventions for smoking cessation, increasing physical activity, and promoting healthy eating that had been adapted to improve salience and acceptability for African‐, Chinese‐, and South Asian–origin minority populations. This program included a systematic review (reported using PRISMA criteria), qualitative interviews, and a realist synthesis of data.

Findings

We compiled a richly informative data set of 161 publications and twenty‐six interviews detailing the adaptation of behavior change interventions and the contexts in which they were undertaken. On the basis of these data, we developed our Tool Kit of Adaptation Approaches, which contains (1) a forty‐six‐item Typology of Adaptation Approaches; (2) a Pathway to Adaptation, which shows how to use the Typology to create a generic behavior change intervention; and (3) RESET, a decision tool that provides practical guidance on which adaptations to use in different contexts.

Conclusions

Our Tool Kit of Adaptation Approaches provides the first evidence‐derived suite of materials to support the development, design, implementation, and reporting of health behavior change interventions for minority groups. The Tool Kit now needs prospective, empirical evaluation in a range of intervention and population settings.
The first transcriptome and genetic linkage map for Asian arowana
Authors: Shen X. Y. , Kwan H. Y. , Thevasagayam N. M. , Prakki S. R. S. , Kuznetsova I. S. , Ngoh S. Y. , Lim Z. , Feng F. , Chang A. , Orbán L.
Published: December 2013

Asian arowana or dragonfish (Scleropages formosus) is an important fish species due to its unusual breeding biology and high economic value in the ornamental fish markets. In the present study, we aimed to (i) create the first transcriptome by Roche 454 pyrosequencing of Asian arowana brain and gonad samples; (ii) identify differentially expressed genes between the two sexes and develop microsatellite (SSR) markers; and (iii) construct a first‐generation SSR‐based genetic linkage map. A total of over 1.3 million reads were obtained from the brain and gonad of adult Asian arowana individuals through pyrosequencing. These reads were assembled into 16 242 contigs that were further grouped into 13 639 isogroups. BLASTX annotation identified a total of 8316 unique proteins from this data set. Many genes with sexually dimorphic expression levels and some putatively involved in sex development were identified. A total of 316 EST‐SSRs and 356 new genomic‐SSRs were developed by screening through the current transcriptome data set and SSR‐enriched genomic libraries. The first genetic linkage map of the species was constructed based on these markers. Linkage analysis allowed for mapping of 308 markers to 28 linkage groups (LGs), ranging in size from 14.9 to 160.6 cM. The potentially sex‐associated gene sox9 was mapped to LG4 on the consensus linkage map. Pairwise putative conserved syntenies between the Asian arowana, zebrafish, and three‐spined stickleback were also established. These resources will help the conservation of the species through better understanding of its phylogenetics, genomics and biology, and comparative genome analysis within the Osteoglossidae family.
Inefficient sales delays by a durable‐good monopoly facing a finite number of buyers
Authors: Montez João
Published: December 2013

This article offers a new explanation for unscheduled price cuts and slow adoption of durable goods. We study a standard durable‐good monopoly model with a finite number of buyers and show that this game can have multiple subgame perfect equilibria in addition to the Pacman outcome—including the Coase conjecture. Of particular interest is a class of equilibria where the seller first charges a high price and only lowers that price once some—but not all—high‐valuation buyers purchase. This price structure creates a war of attrition between those buyers, which delays market clearing and rationalizes unscheduled purchase and price cut dates.