bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Caracterização da produção do conhecimento sobre professores que ensinam matemática em cursos de pedagogia (2009-2019)
Authors: Santos Cicero Augusto dos , Ciríaco Klinger Teodoro
Published: January 2022

Caracterizar a produção do conhecimento sobre formação e o trabalho de professores formadores, que ensinam Matemática em cursos de Pedagogia, é o objetivo deste artigo. Para tanto, levantamos teses e dissertações defendidas em Programas de Pós-Graduação na última década, procedimento que faz parte da primeira etapa de uma investigação, financiada pela Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), em desenvolvimento na Universidade Federal de São Carlos – UFSCar. O referencial teórico abarca discussões sobre a presença da Matemática na formação inicial de professores dos anos iniciais, campos do conhecimento que a literatura especializada julga pertinente à abordagem, bem como a docência no Ensino Superior, uma vez que o estudo mais alargado centra-se na possibilidade de responder: Quem ensina Matemática em cursos de Pedagogia do Estado de São Paulo? Entendemos que compreender o que dizem estudos/pesquisas realizados anteriormente auxilia no processo de constituição do referencial teórico-metodológico nos constructos que compõe fundamentos argumentativos da validade de um projeto de investigação que visa encontrar respostas à indagação posta. Em termos metodológicos, objetivou-se mapear trabalhos de mestrado e/doutorado defendidos no período de 2009 a 2019 com base em uma experiência do tipo “Estado da Arte”. Qualitativamente, os resultados empreendidos nas investigações anteriores possibilitam aprimorar a pesquisa em curso, a qual perspectivamos contribuir com a produção do conhecimento em Educação Matemática e formação de professores ao olharmos, especificamente, para as práticas de ensino de Matemática no Ensino Superior quando do momento de inserção dos pesquisadores na produção de dados empíricos.
Conhecimento Eespecializado de Professores de Matemática (MTSK) na Web of Science até 2020
Authors: Moriel Junior Jeferson Gomes
Published: January 2022

O objetivo deste trabalho é mapear a produção relativa ao marco teórico Mathematics Teachers’ Specialized Knowledge na base de dados Web of Science. Para tanto, realizamos um pesquisa analítico-descritiva, de aproximação exploratório-bibliométrica, na base de dados referida. Encontramos um corpus de 37 trabalhos de 2013 a 2020 e analisamos: Indexação na Web of Science; Distribuição por ano e tipos de documentos; Autores; Instituições e agências de fomento; Países e idiomas; Breve análise de citações e Palavras-chave. Os resultados nos permitem concluir que a produção MTSK é colaborativa e internacional, envolvendo ao menos nove países da Europa e América Latina, num movimento em rede que contribui para a disseminação global e, de certo modo, configura-se como um teste de validação externa em diferentes culturas escolares e contextos de prática e formação docente.
Ummah Imaginations in Plural Kerala: Being International in the Traditional Way
Authors: Fathah Mamdooh Abdul
Published: January 2022

Quranic ‘Ummah’ with its political and social sensibilities in a period of authoritatively heterogenetic counter-resurgences is significant for Muslims constituting minority in Kerala, India. However, ‘Ummah’ as an euphemism for state-centered political aspirations become endemic to them only in the last century. This tendency could be linked to literal scriptural interpretations, contempt for the technocratic and mystic traditions and the idea of sacred-geographies pushed inward by reformist movements since 1920s, which disjuncts with classical hermeneutic traditions followed by Keralite Ulama by their distinctive longue-durée to mainstream Muslims lands. Recently through a revivalist campaign, the traditional Ulama refurnished their monolithic concept of Ummah by reimagining and re-appropriating those sacred imaginaries from the puritanical-Islamist claim of the pure. An embedded Ummah locality – a mixture of local products and global variants – thus piggybacked on the structural and cultural forces of globalization, allowing Ulama to prudently redraw the boundaries of national culture and its ally, local Islam. Through this paper, I try to explicate how traditional Muslim scholarship in Kerala employed Quranic Ummah in the plural society while structurally re-embedding it with the global Muslim whole. A short reflection on the interpretive paradigm of puritanical-Islamist orientations on the concept of Ummah will be given along to place various paradigms in a comparative framework.
EuroSCORE II as Predictor of Mortality and Morbidity in Post-CABG Patient in Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital
Authors: Rianda Rama Azalix , Semedi Bambang Pujo , Subagjo Agus , Avidar Yoppie Prim
Published: January 2022

Introduction: European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (EuroSCORE) is a scoring system to predict mortality risk after cardiac surgery. EuroSCORE II was introduced to replace and show superiority over EuroSCORE I which tends to overestimate the risk of heart surgery procedures and have a low discrimination ability. Meanwhile, this is the first study to analyze EuroSCORE II as a predictor of mortality and morbidity in Indonesians. Objective: This study aims to analyze EuroSCORE II as a predictor of mortality and morbidity in Indonesians. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study using medical records of CABG patients in Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital from January 2016 to December 2017. Results and Discussion: Out of 39 Patients who have performed CABG surgery, most were male (89.7%) with the highest age range of 46-65 years (59%). Deceased patients had an average EuroSCORE II of 22.36% and SD±26.97%7%, while 27 patients who survived had an average EuroSCORE II of 6.78% and SD±6.4%. Based on morbidity assessment, EuroSCORE II only accurately predicted the risk of kidney failure and did not properly assess the length of inotropic use, vasopressors, hospitalization time, the risk of arrhythmias, low cardiac output syndrome, Durante-operative bleeding, and the need for blood transfusion. These inaccuracies occurred because the samples that were included varied based on their standard deviation and pattern-less graph. Conclusion: EuroSCORE II is inadequate to predict morbidity and mortality in postoperative patients, therefore, it is considered less effective.
Effects Of Cohousing Mice And Rats On Stress Levels And The Attractiveness Of Dyadic Social Interaction in C57BL/6J and CD1 Mice As Well As Sprague Dawley Rats
Authors: Zernig Gerald , Ghareh Hussein , Berchtold Helena
Published: January 2022

Rats, including those of the Sprague Dawley strain, may kill mice. Because of this muridical behavior, it is standard practice in many research animal housing facilities to separate mice from rats (i.e., the predators) to minimize stress for the mice. We therefore tested the effect of cohousing on the stress levels of mice from either the C57BL/6J (BL6) or the CD1 strain and Sprague Dawley (SD rat) by determining their fecal corticosterone or cortisol metabolites (FCM) concentration and investigated how cohousing impacts a behavioral assay, i.e., conditioned place preference for intragenus (i.e., mouse-mouse or rat-rat) dyadic social interaction (DSI CPP) that had been shown be sensitive to social factors, especially to handling by humans. We found that the two delivery batches of BL6 mice or SD rats, respectively, had different stress levels at delivery that were statistically significant for the BL6 mice. Even so, the BL6 mice cohoused with rats had significantly increased FCM concentrations, indicative of higher stress levels, as compared to (1) BL6 mice housed alone or (2) BL6 mice at delivery. In contrast to their elevated stress levels, the attractiveness for contextual cues associated with mouse-mouse social interaction (DSI CPP) even increased in rat-cohoused BL6 mice, albeit nonsignificantly. Thus, cohousing BL6 mice and rats did not impair a behavioral assay in BL6 mice that had proved to be sensitive to handling stress by humans in our laboratory. SD rats cohoused with BL6- or CD1 mice and CD1 mice cohoused with SD rats showed DSI CPP that was not different from our previously published data on SD rats and BL6 mice of the Jackson- or NIH substrain obtained in the absence of cohousing. Our findings suggest that the effect of cohousing rats and mice under the conditions described above on their stress levels as opposed to their behavior might be less clearcut than generally assumed and might be overriden by conditions that cannot be controlled, i.e., different deliveries. Our findings can help to use research animal housing resources, which usually are limited, more efficiently.
Partial Methane Oxidation in Fuel Cell-Type Reactors for Co-Generation of Energy and Chemicals
Authors: B. de Souza Rodrigo F. , De Florio Daniel Z. , Antolini Ermete , Neto Almir O.
Published: January 2022

The conversion of methane into chemicals is of interest to achieve a decarbonized future. Fuel cells are electrochemical devices commonly used to obtain electrical energy, but can be utilized either for chemicals production or both energy and chemicals cogeneration. In this work, the partial oxidation of methane in fuel cells for electricity generation and valuable chemicals production at the same time is reviewed. For this purpose, different types of methane-fed fuel cells, both low temperature fuel cells, such as PEMFCs and AAEMFCs, and high temperature fuel cells, such as SOFCs, have been used. Also if few works have been devoted to this topic, the promising results drive the development of fuel cells using methane as the source for the cogeneration of power and valuable chemicals.
A Study of Urban Flood Safety Patterns in Built-up Areas of Bangkok Based on Complex Network Theory
Authors: Yingying Zhou , Li Shuaibo
Published: January 2022

With the development of the city, a large number of water networks in the built-up areas of Bangkok have been filled and hardened, resulting in poor urban flooding and aggravating flooding, causing loss of life and property of citizens. In this paper, on the basis of combing the current water networks and open space potential flood storage points in the built-up areas of Bangkok, the complex network diagram of the water system in the built-up areas of Bangkok is constructed by combining the theory of complex networks and analyzing the attribute parameters of the network and the characteristic parameters of the open space storage nodes and water system paths, and finding that the water system network in the built-up area of Bangkok has complex network characteristics such as robustness, clustering and hierarchy. By exploring the key storage points and water system connection paths, the researchers initially constructed a flood safety pattern in the built-up area of Bangkok with 145 key nodes and 127 river paths as the backbone, and conceptualized the development study of the flood safety pattern in both horizontal and vertical directions. The urban flood safety pattern based on complex network theory proposed in this paper provides a case reference and methodological ideas to scientifically solve the game conflict between the demand for construction land for urban development and the construction area of urban open space storage points and water storage network under the increasingly severe flooding situation.
Совершенствование модели материального баланса для учета изменения коэффициента продуктивности скважин
Authors: Шевцов Никита Олегович , Shevtsov Nikita Olegovich , Степанов Сергей Викторович , Stepanov Sergei Viktorovich
Published: January 2022

Модель материального баланса в виде аналитической емкостно-резистивной модели (CRM) находит все большее применение для математического моделирования разработки нефтяных месторождений. В модели CRM изначально не учитывается изменение коэффициента продуктивности скважин, что значительно снижает степень применимости метода материального баланса для скважин, на которых проводятся мероприятия по интенсификации добычи. В работе предложена модификация модели CRM, которая учитывает нестационарность коэффициента продуктивности. На примере тестовых расчетов показано, что модифицированная модель CRM позволяет воспроизвести динамику дебита жидкости скважины при значительных изменениях коэффициента продуктивности.
Кулоновские взаимодействия в модели изолированного атома с экранированным ионом
Authors: Фрейнкман Борис Григорьевич , Freinkman Boris Grigor'evich
Published: January 2022

Данная работа продолжает исследования свойств решетки графена на основе модели водородоподобного атома. Актуальность этой темы не иссякает в связи с не до конца изученным механизмом проводимости подобных тонких структур углерода и процессов эмиссии с их поверхности. Для описания свойств решетки используется модификация подхода Брандта-Китагавы с экранированными ионами, предложенная нами ранее. В приближении холодной решетки эта модель предполагает, что три валентных атома, ориентированных по линиям связи, принадлежат экранирующей оболочке иона. И только один валентный электрон определяет основное состояние атома решетки и неоднородное угловое распределение его поля. В настоящей работе предлагается учесть кулоновские взаимодействия электронов внешней оболочки атома с собственным ионом и его ближним окружением. Для этого разработана модификация распределения плотности электронов экранирующей оболочки с учетом еe кулоновского взаимодействия с электроном водородоподобного атома. Решение задачи о параметрах основного состояния атома решетки выполняется численно с помощью вариационного подхода. В численных экспериментах получены параметры взаимодействия слабосвязанного электрона с ионом. Также показано, что для изолированного атома углерода учет кулоновского взаимодействия электрона с экранирующей оболочкой иона позволяет с хорошей точностью рассчитать потенциал ионизации основного состояния. Предложенная численная методика приводит к адекватным результатам по расчету потенциала ионизации для всех легких атомов от Li до Ne.
Расширение метода штрафных функций Бринкмана для сжимаемых течений вокруг подвижных твердых тел
Authors: Жданова Наталья Сергеевна , Zhdanova Natal'ya Sergeevna , Абалакин Илья Владимирович , Abalakin Ilya Vladimirivich , Васильев Олег Владимирович , Vasiliev Oleg Vladimirovich
Published: January 2022

Предложенo полностью галилеево-инвариантное обобщение метода штрафных функций Бринкмана для сжимаемых течений, расширяющее область применимости метода на задачи обтекания подвижных тел. Разработанный метод обеспечивает возможность проведения вычислений на несогласованных с границей сетках произвольной структуры, включая полностью неструктурированные расчетные сетки. Эффективность галилеево-инвариантного обобщения метода штрафных функций Бринкмана для сжимаемых течений вокруг движущихся объектов продемонстрирована на примере тестовых задач прямого отражения одномерного акустического импульса от плоской стационарной и движущейся поверхности, рассеяния акустической волны стационарным цилиндром и дозвуковом обтекании колеблющегося цилиндра вязким газом. Численные результаты хорошо согласуются с референсными решениями, теоретическими оценками сходимости метода и подтверждают инвариантность предложенной формулировки относительно преобразований Галилея.
Implementasi Konseling Industri dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Karyawan di PT. Arara Abadi Distrik Nilo
Authors: Azra Muhammad Zein , Kurniawan Dery
Published: January 2022

Implementation of Industrial Counseling in Improving Employee Performance at PT. Nilo District Immortal Arara. The purpose of this study is to further review the counseling practices in the industrial sector so that they can be relevant according to the theory that is used as a reference. Research on the implementation of industrial counseling in improving employee performance is carried out using a qualitative approach with the type of field research (field research) with data collection techniques using Interview, Observation and Documentation. The subjects of this study were employees and two counselors at PT. Arara Abadi, Nilo District, Pelalawan Regency. The results showed that employee counseling or industrial counseling itself (functions, objectives, approaches, impacts, and limitations), and the process of implementing employee counseling were divided into three stages, namely before counseling, during counseling, and after counseling.

Keywords: Implementation, Industry Counseling, Employee Performance
Pengaruh Firm Size dan Komite Audit Terhadap Internet Financial Reporting dengan Profitabilitas Sebagai Variabel Intervening
Authors: Maryani Tri , Pratama Abdul Aziz Nugraha
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study is to find out and analyze the Influence of Firm Size and Audit Committee on Internet Financial Reporting with Profitability as a Variable Intervening Case Study on Sharia Commercial Banks Period 2014-2020. This type of research is quantitative research using secondary data. The population in this study was 14 sharia commercial banks, using purposive sampling techniques obtained samples of 10 sharia commercial banks.. The results of this study showed that Firm Size and Profitability had a positive and significant influence on IFR, while the Audit Committee had a positive and insignificant effect on IFR. The Firm size and Audit Committee have a positive and insignificant effect on Profitability. Based on the analysis of the path, variable profitability is not able to mediate the influence of Firm Size and the Audit Committee on IFR.
Titik Temu Fundamentalisme, Radikalisme, dan Terorisme Gerakan Jamaah Islamiyah (JI) (Studi Kasus Bom Bali I)
Authors: Syamsudin Muhammad Hasan
Published: January 2022

Aksi Bom Bali I tidak hanya menyita perhatian publik nasional namun juga internasional. Di saat yang bersamaan, aksi Bom Bali I menjadi titik tolak dimulainya studi yang lebih serius atas pola gerakan Islam fundamentalis yang melegalkan aksi-aksi teror. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang secara umum berkontribusi atas munculnya aksi terorisme dari kelompok fundamentalisme Islam di Indonesia setidaknya hingga awal era reformasi. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mencari titik temu atas konsep fundamentalisme, radikalisme, dan terorisme yang menubuh pada aktor aksi Bom Bali I yaitu Jamaah Islamiyah (JI). Penelitian ini menggunakan konsep fundamentalisme, radikalisme, dan terorisme yang diikuti dengan teknik analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berbagai faktor turut melatarbelakangi aksi terorisme di Indonesia khususnya terorisme dari kalangan Islam fundamentalis. Faktor-faktor tersebut meliputi ikatan sejarah politik masa lalu, persoalan ekonomi, lemahnya penegakan hukum, ketidakadilan sosial, ideologi politik, corak pemikiran keagamaan hingga intervensi politik kekuasaan (state-terorism). Selain itu, temuan penelitian menujukkan terdapat titik temu yang jelas dari fundamentalisme, radikalisme, dan terorisme dalam Jamaah Islamiyah (JI). Fudamentalisme Jamaah Islamiyah (JI) tercemrin dari ideologi salafi jihadi yang dianutnya, radikalisme tercermin dalam metode gerakannya, sementara terorisme tercermin dari praktik operasionalisasi di lapangan. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat mengisi kekosongan atas studi radikalisme dan terorisme di Indonesia.

Keywords: fundamentalisme, radikalisme, terorisme, jamaah Islamiyah, bom bali
Strategi Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa (PKB) dalam Mendongkrak Perolehan Suara Pemilu 2019 di Kabupaten Pati
Authors: Addiansyah Nur Rofiq , Setiyana Ita , Mukhsinatulluaili Mukhsinatulluaili , Ajaba Mochammad Ariq , Vitta Ningsih Sri Lestari
Published: January 2022

This paper will discuss how the existence of the National Awakening Party (PKB) in the 2019 election votes in Pati Regency. How the PKB vote got in the 2019 election in Pati, the existence of PKB in Pati, how PKB maintains its existence, will be discussed in this paper. The National Awakening Party (PKB) which is a pseudo-religious party born from NU led by Abdul Rahman Wahid, and declared on July 23, 1998 in Jakarta in the 2019 simultaneous elections in Pati Regency, was able to score six seats. The research method in this paper uses a qualitative research method with a case study type that is descriptive and tends to use analysis. While the technical data collection by studying documentation from books, journals, internet and other relevant sources to obtain secondary data. From the analysis using Pedersan's view with the theory of political party growth, PKB itself to get six seats in the 2019 simultaneous elections in Pati Regency was previously formed through several phases, the first is declaration, the second is authorization, the third is representation, and the last is relevance. There are several ways in which PKB maintains its existence itself, the first is by maintaining party solidarity. The second way is with strong support from the socio-religious organization Nahdlatul Ulama (NU). The third way is by the appearance of popular figures. And the last way is by having
Relasi Qatar dengan Ikhwanul Muslimin dalam Kerangka Nested Power
Authors: Ahmadi Sidiq , Aditya Muhammad Adel
Published: January 2022

The Muslim Brotherhood (MB) is an obstacle that disrupts Qatar's relations with its neighbors in the Gulf, especially Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. Qatar's different position with the fellow Gulf countries towards Muslim Brotherhood became one of the problems that caused the estrangement of the relationship. The dispute led to demands that Qatar ends its support for the Muslim Brotherhood. However, Qatar remains unmoved in maintaining good relations with the Muslim Brotherhood. This article aims to answer why Qatar retains its relationship with the Muslim Brotherhood amid the severing of diplomatic ties from fellow Gulf countries. This research uses qualitative research methods with library studies. This study uses secondary data obtained from books, journals, and the internet, which are then interpreted and concluded utilizing the concept of nested power. This article finds that Qatar maintains its relationship with the Muslim Brotherhood to maintain national political stability by accommodating the Muslim Brotherhood in government circles, especially in education and da'wah. Meanwhile, Qatar utilizes the global MB network at the regional and international levels to lift Qatar's branding as an essential actor in the Muslim world and the Globe.
The 1-Year Economic Impact of Work Productivity Loss Following Severe Lower Extremity Trauma
Authors: Levy Joseph F. , Reider Lisa , Scharfstein Daniel O. , Pollak Andrew N. , Morshed Saam , Firoozabadi Reza , Archer Kristin R. , Gary Joshua L. , O’Toole Robert V. , Castillo Renan C. , Quinnan Stephen M. , Kempton Laurence B. , Jones Clifford B. , Bosse Michael J. , MacKenzie Ellen J. ,   METRC
Published: January 2022

Background:

Severe lower extremity trauma among working-age adults is highly consequential for returning to work; however, the economic impact attributed to injury has not been fully quantified. The purpose of this study was to examine work and productivity loss during the year following lower extremity trauma and to calculate the economic losses associated with lost employment, lost work time (absenteeism), and productivity loss while at work (presenteeism).

Methods:

This is an analysis of data collected prospectively across 3 multicenter studies of lower extremity trauma outcomes in the United States. Data were used to construct a Markov model that accumulated hours lost over time due to lost employment, absenteeism, and presenteeism among patients from 18 to 64 years old who were working prior to their injury. Average U.S. wages were used to calculate economic loss overall and by sociodemographic and injury subgroups.

Results:

Of 857 patients working prior to injury, 47.2% had returned to work at 1 year. The average number of productive hours of work lost was 1,758.8/person, representing 84.6% of expected annual productive hours. Of the hours lost, 1,542.3 (87.7%) were due to working no hours or lost employment, 71.1 (4.0%) were due to missed hours after having returned, and 145.4 (8.3%) were due to decreased productivity while working. The 1-year economic loss due to injury totaled $64,427/patient (95% confidence interval [CI], $63,183 to $65,680). Of the 1,758.8 lost hours, approximately 88% were due to not being employed (working zero hours), 4% were due to absenteeism, and 8% were due to presenteeism. Total productivity loss was higher among older adults (≥40 years), men, those with a physically demanding job, and the most severe injuries (i.e., those leading to amputation as well as Gustilo type-IIIB tibial fractures and type-III pilon/ankle fractures).

Conclusions:

Patients with severe lower extremity trauma carry a substantial economic burden. The costs of lost productivity should be considered when evaluating outcomes.
Red Cell Distribution Width and Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients: A Single Center Experience in COVID-19 Era
Authors:   Clinic of Nephrology, Konya City Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Turkey., Topal Mustafa , Guney Ibrahim ,   Clinic of Nephrology, Konya City Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Turkey.
Published: January 2022

Abstract: Introduction: Red Cell Distribution width (RDW) is found to be related with mortality in hemodialysis patients. In December 2019, a new corona virus spread was detected in China, which turned into a pandemia with significant mortality. Both RDW and chronic kidney disease were found to be related with mortality in COVID-19 patients. This study investigated if the association of RDW and mortality in hemodialysis patients still existed in the COVID-19 era. Materials and Methods: This single center study included 117 hemodialysis patients. They were followed for 20 months (between December 2019 and July 2021) or until death. The relation of RDW with all-cause mortality and COVID-19 related deaths were studied. Results: 21 (17.9%) out of 117 patients died during the follow-up. RDW was found to be an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality (HR:1.35, p=0.009). In post-hoc analyzes, RDW was significantly higher in non-COVID-19 related and cardiovascular deaths. Conclusion: RDW was found to be an independent and powerful risk factor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality even in the mortal COVID-19 era. Keywords: Red cell distribution width, Hemodialysis, Mortality, COVID-19, Chronic kidney disease, Rheumatoid arthtritis.
Role of the Gut Microbiome in the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Mini Review
Authors:   Department of Pathology, CMH Multan Institute of Medical Sciences, Multan, Pakistan., Zainab Anika , Mago Arpit ,   Department of Clinical Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belgaum, India., Mehmood Asim ,   Department of Physiology, Shifa College of Medicine, Islamabad, Pakistan., Riad Mohamed ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt., Sonavane Sneha Rajendra ,   Department of Pathology, Grant Medical College & Sir J.J. Hospital, Mumbai, India.
Published: January 2022

Abstract: Introduction: Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a chronic metabolic condition characterized by insulin resistance along with inadequate circulating insulin in the blood. It has been observed that the changes in the complex habitat composed of trillions of bacteria can cause metabolic disturbances. Previous studies have explained the phenomenon of dysbiosis which leads to the development and progression of diabetes mellitus type 2. It has been reported that there are altered gut microbiota levels present in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Main Body: Gut microbiota and its metabolites are involved in the pathogenesis of multiple metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes mellitus therefore, intestinal microbiota may be one of the crucial medicinal targets for the disease. Studies have shown that diabetes can be managed effectively by altering the human gut microbiome. This review presents three therapeutic options which can be used to alter the gut microbiome. The therapeutic options are; fecal microbial transplant, use of probiotics and cinnamon. These interventions have proven to increase richness and diversity of gut microbiota. A vast number of studies support the beneficial effects of probiotics in treating type 2 diabetes due to its oxidative stress inhibiting properties. Cinnamon has shown similar benefits owing to its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative nature. An adequate number of animal studies and few human studies have reported improvement in insulin sensitivity in fecal microbial transplant recipients. Conclusion: Consumption of probiotics and cinnamon have shown potential benefits in the treatment and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Fecal microbiota transplant has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity along with other impaired characteristics for example HbA1c found in diabetics. It can be suggested that microbiota-based interventions can be used for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Further studies are necessary to explore the mechanisms by which these treatment options provide potential beneficial effects in T2DM patients. Keywords: Gut microbiome, Gut microbiota, Gut flora, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Fecal microbial transplant, Probiotics.
Drug-Drug Interaction between Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory and Angiotensin Receptor Blocker
Authors:   Department of Pharmacy Services, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan., Muzammil Mahreen , Hussain Syed Saad ,   Pharmacy Department, Iqra University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Published: January 2022

Abstract: Objective: In pharmacotherapy, factors such as mode of administration, dose, and contraindications play a significant part in determining the optimal pharmacotherapeutic strategy. A drug’s ability to influence the safety or efficacy of another drug (drug-drug interaction) is another factor to consider when choosing the best pharmacotherapy [1]. When multiple medications are prescribed at the same time, they may interact [2]. Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) can have a variety of outcomes, and adverse DDIs might result in patient death or drug withdrawal. Drug interactions can alter the pharmacokinetics and/or harmacodynamics of a drug which may leads to therapeutic failure or any adverse drug event. Co-administration of naproxen with losartan will decrease the action of losartan which is an anti-hypertensive agent leads to uncontrolled hypertension. NSAIDs inhibit prostaglandin thus antagonise effect of converting enzyme inhibitors. Losartan is angiotensin receptor blocker, whose natriuretic effects decreased by naproxen. Keywords: Drug-drug interaction, Pharmacotherapy, Tertiary care hospital, Naproxen, Losartan, Clinical pharmacy
Oyster shells, bulk carbonate sediment, and meteoric calcite cement as recorders of oceanic and radiogenic 87Sr/86Sr in mixed heterozoan carbonates and terrigenous sediment
Authors: Sælen Gunnar , Braga Juan Carlos , Sola Fernando
Published: January 2022

Well-preserved oyster shells from mixed heterozoan carbonates and terrigenous sediments of Miocene age in the La Chanata area (southern Spain) show varying luminescence and covarying δ18O and δ13C compositions > –2‰ VPDB. Temperature and salinity modeling based on the δ18O give temperatures ranging from 13 to 33 °C (average 22.4 °C) and normal-marine salinities (34–37 PSU). The isotopic compositions likely reflect environmental conditions during shell secretion; moreover, their identical intra-shell 87Sr/86Sr compositions (equal to or less than the analytical precision of 20 × 10–6) support a primary origin. Additional information from δ18O and 87Sr/86Sr compositions of Heterostegina foraminifera and sediment and cement samples show that: a) bulk sediment and cement samples that have significantly lower δ18O and δ13C values but 87Sr/86Sr values similar to the oyster shells likely derived their isotopic compositions from intraformational dissolution of high-Mg calcite and aragonite allochems in meteoric groundwaters, b) cement samples that have the lowest recorded δ18O and δ13C compositions (< –6.5‰ VPDB) and highest 87Sr/86Sr ratios (> 0.709198) record meteoric diagenesis where the strontium was derived mainly from weathering of the uplifted Alpujárride bedrock, whereas c) bulk sediment and Heterostegina foraminifera with intermediate 87Sr/86Sr values likely received their strontium from weathering of the surrounding bedrock as well as dissolution of intraformational carbonates and possibly overlying Messinian marls (now eroded). Oysters with intermediate 87Sr/86Sr ratios likely secreted their shell parts during transient salinity drops (down to 16 PSU) when rivers and submarine groundwater discharge supplied radiogenic strontium to the nearshore environment. Numerical age determination of sediment samples and oyster shells that have similar (within the analytical precision) 87Sr/86Sr ratios indicate a late Tortonian age (8.1 Ma) of the La Chanata deposits.
Research on Mechanical Properties of U-Shaped Retractable Gangue Prevention Structure of Gob-Side Entry by Roof Cutting and Pressure Releasing in Deep Mining
Authors: Wang Fengnian , Yin Songyang , Huo Shusen , Tao Zhigang
Published: January 2022

In recent years, as a new type of gob-side entry retaining method, roadway automatically formed by roof cutting and pressure releasing (RAFRCPR) has been widely used in China. Under the condition of deep mining, the deformation of the gangue rib of the automatically formed gob-side entry retaining is difficult to control, and it is difficult for the traditional I-shaped steel to provide the needed support. To effectively control the deformation of the gangue rib, a new type of U-shaped retractable gangue prevention structure (URGPS) with high lateral support strength and axial compressible dynamic absorption energy is proposed. Based on the geological conditions of the 21304-working face in the Chengjiao coal mine in Henan, the mechanical characteristics of URGPS and the causes of its local instability are analyzed in detail employing theoretical analysis, laboratory tests, and numerical simulation. A reasonable bolt tightening force, overlap length, and lap combination form of the URGPS are determined according to the actual situation of the project site. Engineering practice shows that a URGPS that was applied to control the deformation of the gangue rib in deep roof-cutting roadway was effective.
Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Evenly Distributed Pore Pressure on Rock Damage
Authors: Zhao Xinglong , Huang Bingxiang , Chen Bin , Hou Mingxiao
Published: January 2022

The effect of pore pressure on rock damage is a core problem in underground engineering. In this paper, the pseudotriaxial hydromechanical coupling experiment system is utilized to carry out the physical model experiment of the pore pressure on the rock damage, and the effect of evenly distributed pore pressure on rock strength and pore structure is analyzed. Compared with natural rock sample before the pore pressure effect, the uniaxial compressive strength is reduced by about 35.24%. Pore pressure decreases the strength of the rock and reduces its ability to resist deformation. The stress growth rate at the prepeak stage of the stress-strain curve for rock sample after pore pressure effect decreases. The peak strength decreases, and the strain corresponding to the peak stress increases. The plastic deformation characteristics of the sample are obvious. After the sample has macroscopically broken, the decline rate of postpeak stress slows down, and the residual strength decreases. The rock gradually changes from brittle failure mode to ductile failure mode. Through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) test and comparison analysis, it is found that after the pore pressure effect, the surface of the rock sample becomes rougher. There are multiple pore and fissure concentrated areas in the rock sample. Compared with the sample before the pore pressure effect, the number of pores with an equivalent diameter in the range of 2 μm-3 μm increases significantly. The proportion has increased from 7.7% to 19.1%, and the number has increased from 1468 to 4454. A large number of small-sized pores (less than 3 μm) are generated in the rock sample after the pore pressure effect. Therefore, the overall pore content of the rock sample increases.
Velocity Structure and Deep Earthquakes beneath the Kinnaur, NW Himalaya: Constraints from Relocated Seismicity and Moment Tensor Analysis
Authors: Biswal Shubhasmita , Kumar Sushil , Priestley Keith , Mohanty W. K. , Parija Mahesh Prasad
Published: January 2022

The optimum 1D velocity model is calculated for the Kinnaur sector of the NW Himalaya utilizing the arrival time information of the local earthquakes (137 no.) recorded with 12 broadband seismic network within the azimuthal gap of ≤180°. This optimum 1D velocity model is a five-layer model and ranges from the surface to 90 km in the shallow mantle. P velocity varies from 5.5 km/s to 8.6 km/s in the crust and upper mantle, and S-wave velocity varies between 3.2 km/s and 4.9 km/s for the same range. When we relocated the earthquakes with the Joint Hypocenter Determination program incorporating the optimum 1D velocity model, it resulted in a lower RMS residual error of 0.23 s for the hypocenter locations compared to initial hypo71 locations. A total of 1274 P and 1272 S arrival times were utilized to compute station delays. We observed positive variations in P-station delays from -0.19 s below the PULG station to 0.11 s below the SRHN station. Similarly, for S-station delays, we observed negative delays at each individual site from -0.65 s at LOSR station to -0.16 s at the SRHN station. This large variation in P- and S-station delays corresponds to the 3D nature of the subsurface below the Kinnaur Himalaya. The relocated seismicity is clustered along the STD fault at sub-Moho and Moho depths ranging between 40 km and 80 km. The seismicity distribution aligned across the strike of the STD and along the strike of the Kaurik-Chango fault (KCF) can be attributed to the cross-fault interactions of the KCF and the STD fault in the area. We also observed bimodal depth distribution of seismicity in the Higher and Tethys Himalayas. The occurrence of earthquakes down to a depth of ~0-40 km and 50-80 km in the study area can be interpreted in terms of stress contribution from interseismic stress loading associated with the India-Eurasia collision tectonics. The presence of hypocentres in the shallow mantle at 120 km depth highlights the strength of the mantle, which seems to be deforming in a brittle manner below the region. The computed focal mechanisms exhibit generally the flexing of the Indian plate below the Lesser Himalaya with shear parallel to the strike of the MCT and extension orthogonal to it. This study shows deformation over the entire crust and shallow upper mantle levels, with differential stress conditions. Thus, we can consider the crust and the shallow upper mantle down to depths of 120 km to be seismogenic in nature and is capable of producing the microseismicity beneath the Kinnaur Himalaya.
Experimental Investigation of Phase Behavior of Condensate Gas and Crude Oil System in Underground Gas Storage
Authors: Tang Kang , Liao Xinwei , Min Zhongshun , Li Bin , Zhao Guoguang , Mahlalela Bhekumuzi Mgijimi , Li Jiehan , Wang Xiaochen
Published: January 2022

The phase behavior of reservoir fluids is crucial for the smooth operation of an underground gas storage (UGS). In this work, three experiments were conducted to investigate the phase behavior of condensate and crude oil systems within different development stages of gas storage in Bohai Bay Basin of eastern China. In stage 1, constant volume depletion (CVD) test was conducted to simulate the interaction of the original condensate gas-live oil system. In stage 2, the phase behavior of a series of mixtures of live oil with 47.5, 58.3, 69.9, and 77.4 mol% of condensate gas was studied by constant composition expansion (CCE) test. In stage 3, a new experiment was designed to study the mass transfer and phase behavior during cyclic injection-production process of the underground gas storage. The results from the CVD test describe the effect of each pressure stage on produced gas composition and equilibrium oil properties in the condensate crude oil system. The results of the CCE test indicate that condensate gas can expand the oil and improve the properties. The results of cyclic injection-production experiment demonstrate that the mass transfer in condensate gas and oil system is a dual mechanism of condensation and vaporization. With the increase of the cycle, the intermediate components of oil phase are enriched and the heavy components decreases. After four cycles, the oil and gas interphase mass transfer reaches dynamic equilibrium. In addition, test results show that multicycle operation is beneficial to improve the oil properties. This work is of great significance to understand the phase transition mechanism of underground gas storage, which provides a basis for other researchers to further update and improve the EOS model.
Influence of Wind-Generated Wave Action on Mountain Reservoir Bank Collapse: A Case Study at the Lancang River, Western China
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Meng Qingxiang , Zhang Faming
Published: January 2022

Slopes facing reservoir water often collapse, affecting reservoir capacity. It is important to understand the factors affecting such collapses and predict the locations of collapse after impoundment for practical purposes. However, the mechanism of bank collapse in mountainous areas after reservoir impoundment remains unclear. To address this issue, field geotechnical property surveys, laboratory tests, and numerical simulations were employed to evaluate bank collapse susceptibility. The results showed that (i) bank collapse mainly occurs in slopes with a small cohesion and internal friction angle of less than 30°; (ii) the main effects of wave action on bank collapse are scour, erosion, and cyclic impact on the bank slope: wave erosion occurs in the bank slope with a wave height of less than 1.0 m, cohesion of less than 90 kPa, and slope angle of less than 30°, and wave impaction mainly occurs at the area with a wave height of more than 2.0 m and a slope angle of more than 30°; (iii) for valley reservoirs, softening of water on the slope rock and soil mainly reduces cohesion, which commonly occurs within 30 days; the cyclic action of wave impact load mainly damages the structure and reduces the internal friction angle. The influence of waves on bank collapse is mainly related to the wave height and wave velocity. The antiwave impact broken energy of rock and soil is an important index to evaluate whether bank collapse occurs in the long term, which is related to the strength, structure, and impact resistance. The present research is helpful to better understand the mechanism and evolution process of reservoir bank collapse.
La imagen de la Casa Real en los medios de comunicación españoles: estudio sobre la cobertura informativa en TVE y Telecinco tras la salida de Juan Carlos I al extranjero (3 de agosto de 2020)
Authors: Lava Santos David , Pardo de Pedro Isaac
Published: January 2022

Tras numerosos casos de corrupción y escándalos privados en los que se ha visto envuelta la casa real, el pasado 3 de agosto de 2020 el rey emérito Juan Carlos I decidió salir de España. Este suceso fue categorizado como “histórico” por parte de las televisiones, que, en su rol de agentes capaces de construir la realidad social, aumentaron la información relativa a la monarquía en sus informativos. El presente estudio analiza la cobertura informativa que dos cadenas generalistas en España, TVE y Telecinco, han ofrecido a la opinión pública sobre la coyuntura que ha rodeado la salida del ex monarca. En este sentido, se pretende conocer los temas que han estado presentes en la agenda de las cadenas, así como los protagonistas, la valoración de éstos y el estilo relativo a los informativos de cada emisora. La metodología empleada combina técnicas tanto cuantitativas como cualitativas, utilizando el análisis de contenido como herramienta de investigación. A pesar de la muestra reducida de noticias y el corto periodo analizado, se ha comprobado que el blindaje mediático, que impedía que mucha información relativa a la institución monárquica no concitara la atención pública, no ha desaparecido en las televisiones estudiadas
Prognostic factors in patients with septic disseminated intravascular coagulation treated with thrombomodulin: the effect of reduced thrombomodulin dose; a single-center, retrospective, observational study
Authors: Nishita Yoshihiro , Taga Masatoshi , Sakurai Masaru , Iinuma Yoshitsugu , Masauji Togen
Published: January 2022

Background: Human soluble recombinant thrombomodulin (TM alfa), a treatment for septic Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), is recommended for patients with severe renal dysfunction in reduced doses. However, no studies have examined yet how dose reduction affects clinical efficacy. In this study, we investigated the significance of the TM alfa dose as a prognostic factor in clarifying the clinical background factors related to the clinical effect of TM alfa in patients with septic DIC.Methods: This study involved 102 patients with septic DIC admitted to a single-center intensive care unit between April 2013 and March 2020, receiving TM alfa. The following factors were retrospectively collected from the medical records of the target patients: (1) patient background, (2) sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, (3) Japanese Association for Acute Medicine DIC diagnostic criteria score, (4) DIC treatment information, (5) TM alfa dose per bodyweight (normal dose: 0.06 mg/kg or reduced dose: 0.02 mg/kg), (6) DIC resolution within 7 days after the start of TM alfa administration (DIC resolution), (7) all deaths within 30 days after the start of TM alfa administration (30-days-all-cause mortality), (8) presence or absence of new hemorrhagic side effects after the start of TM alfa administration. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess factors associated with DIC resolution and 30-days-all-cause mortality.Results: The SOFA score (odds ratio: 95% confidence interval, 0.76: 0.66–0.89), pneumonia (0.24: 0.08–0.75), and reduced dose administration of TM alfa (0.23: 0.08–0.66) were independent of and negatively related to the DIC resolution. For the 30-days-all-cause mortality, the SOFA score (1.66: 1.31–2.09), pneumonia (9.50: 2.49–36.25), and TM alfa dose reduction (3.52: 1.06–11.69) were independent, poor prognostic factors. We found no association between the hemorrhagic side effects and the TM alfa dose per bodyweight.Conclusions: The reduced dose of TM alfa for patients with severe renal dysfunction was observed to be an influential factor for DIC resolution and 30-day all-cause mortality in addition to SOFA score and pneumonia. Further studies are required in the future to verify this finding.