bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Practicality of the Theory of the Good:An Interpretative Reconstruction
Authors: Brooks Catus
Published: May 2024

Plato’s political philosophy is for the sake of directing people towards the good life: this purpose is manifest from his theory of the Good. Nevertheless, Platonic scholarship has often criticized this theory for being impractical. Against this criticism, I argue that this theory has a practical aspect because of its strategic and methodological nature. This essay reconstructs Plato’s induction towards the absolute Good, through his justice theory and educational recommendations, with a view to the intended practicality of the theory of the Good. The major conclusion is that the theory of the Good provides a formula to achieve the greatest good in an everchanging, sensible world.
Go(Φ)d is Number: Plotting the Divided Line & the Problem of the Irrational
Authors: Kroeker Sandra
Published: May 2024

Plato believed that behind everything in the universe lie mathematical principles. Plato was inspired by Pythagoras (571 BCE), who developed a school of mathematics at Crotona that studied sacred geometry as a form of religion. The school’s motto was “God is number,” or “All is Number”. Pythagoras believed that numbers represented God in pattern, symmetry, and infinity. When one of its students, Hippasus told the world the secret of the existence of irrational numbers, Greek geometry was born and Pythagoras’ idea of divinity in numbers died because how could God not be perfect and symmetrical? In Plato’s Republic he discusses something called The Divided Line, which is a map, of sorts, for reaching what he calls the highest Good, which is the ultimate truth where one realizes the true state of the universe and can see the world for what it really is. Many mathematicians have attempted to plot Plato’s Divided Line only to come across a litany of problems and conundrums. Some have said that it the Divided Line cannot be plotted and is merely an allegory not meant to be plotted. This paper discusses some of the conundrums preventing the plotting of Plato’s Divided Line (not an exhaustive list), including Whole ‘vs’ Separate, Equality ‘vs’ Ontological Dissimilarity, Linear ‘vs’ Non-linear, and Infinity ‘vs’ Finite. This paper also explores a new understanding of the Allegory of the Cave in light of ‘the problem of the irrational.’ In exploring the link between the Divided Line and the ‘the problem of the irrational,’ I was able to plot it. It was found that the Divided Line is not a line in the linear sense, but a spiral, the Golden Ratio! This paper is an example of a new category of scholarly inquiry I call “Math Theory” based on scholarly mathematical axioms in theory, rather than including actual maths. In my papers I use existing mathematical equations and place them in an encompassing theory, rather than finding new formulae to fit an existing theory. Keywords: Pythagoras, divided line, math theory, highest good, all is number
Teaching foreign languages in Poland – the ongoing search for efficient ways
Authors: Ponikarovska Svitlana
Published: May 2024

Problem. The dynamic development of international relations and globalization determined the priority of knowledge of a foreign language by a specialist along with professional knowledge and social skills. Ukraine is at a new stage of development of relations with EU countries and the world. The country faces a very important and difficult task - to defeat the enemy. And only later, and too simultaneously, to learn to live, work, and provide education in accordance with world standards. Among the EU countries, there are countries that were in a similar position until recently, but they have long been full members of the European and world community. We have a lot to learn from such countries. We must use their experience and take into account mistakes. Among the countries that recently joined the European Community, Poland is a country that is geographically close to us, has a similar history, close ties with Ukraine, including in educational programs and student exchange. Goal. The purpose of the article is to analyze the peculiarities of foreign language learning in Polish educational institutions, noting the period of change in the country's development strategy, to dermine the differences and similarities between the Polish and Ukrainian foreign language teaching systems and to analyze the impact of teacher training on the quality of foreign language teaching. Methodology. The purpose and specificity of the study determined the use of the method of description with elements of comparative analysis for a comprehensive coverage of the issue. Results. The article showed the stages of evolution in teaching foreign languages in Poland during the years of its development, especially after joining the democratic institutions. Originality. The is an analysis of the language teaching methodology development. Those whom this subject concerns may find it interesting to go deep into the history and follow the analysis of old and new practices in the subject.  Practical value. Certain issues in the article can help the teachers understand the challenges and goals of  teaching languages in today’s world.
Sintren as a Traditional Performing Art in Mirat Village
Authors: Kartika Nyai , Reiza D. Dienaputra  , Susi Machdalena  , Awaludin Nugraha  , Agus S. Suryadimulya  , Susi Yuliawati  , Sriwardani Nani
Published: May 2024

Sintren art is a traditional art that developed in almost all coastal areas of the island of Java. In Majalengka, sintren art developed in Mirat Village, Leuwimunding District. Sintren as a traditional art grew among rural communities that were becoming modern so sintren then survived as a traditional performing art that had an influence on the social life of the community. This research was carried out using qualitative research methods which are believed to be a scalpel in research so as to help explain the research object factually. Data collection techniques were carried out by direct observation and interviewing sources. The results of this research show that sintren in Mirat Village is not only a traditional art that was initially performed in ceremonies or rituals, but also a traditional performing art that can be performed during circumcision celebrations, weddings, and welcoming guests who come to the village. There has been a shift in sintren performances, currently sintren can be performed anytime and anywhere depending on the enthusiasm and demand of the community, because currently the values contained in this sintren performing art are no longer closely tied to a ceremony or ritual alone. Sintren art absorbs the cultural values of the community so Sintren performing arts have become part of the culture of the Mirat community.
Aesthetic Characters of Flora and Fauna Painting Art Pengosekan on Visual Objects Wood Carving Craft Arts in Singakerta Village, Ubud
Authors: Ni Putu Laras Purnamasari
Published: May 2024

Along with the heyday of Pengosekan flora and fauna painting in the 1990s, the aesthetic character of painting was attached to the art of wood crafts in Singakerta Village, Ubud. This aesthetic character can be seen from the visual style of creating flora and fauna objects as well as the finishing of wood carving crafts, which reveal images of typical Pengosekan flora and fauna paintings. This research specifically identifies the background and supporting factors for the visual language representation of Pengosekan flora and fauna painting objects in the art of wood carving that developed in Singakerta Village, Ubud. This research is qualitative research, using aesthetic theory and representation theory as analytical tools. The results of the research show that the aesthetic character of Pengosekan flora and fauna paintings is represented in wood carving craft products, in terms of theme, color, shape and visible lines. The representation that occurs is influenced by creativity in order to follow market trends that were developing at that time, as well as the economic motivation of the craftsmen to improve their welfare. The imagery of Pengosekan flora and fauna painting, which is attached to the art of wood carving, has indirectly helped the dynamic existence of this painting art. The representation of the art of painting in crafts is a dynamic that occurs in the development of the art of painting. The practice of indirect representation also shows something that is very important and positive in maintaining the existence of the art of painting itself, even though the visualization is slightly different because it is caused by several factors.
An online survey of picture book reading practices with children between the ages of 0 and 30
Authors: Patel Trisha Naresh , Marasli Zeynep , Choi Alyssa , Montag Jessica L.
Published: May 2024

An online survey of picture book reading practices with children between the ages of 0 and 30
How Is Music Making Related to Executive Functions? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Aryanto Christ Billy , Aisyah Aireen Rhammy Kinara , Timmers Renee , Blakey Emma , von Bastian Claudia Christina
Published: May 2024

A person’s lifetime involvement with music making has been hypothesized to be positively associated with executive functions, including inhibition, shifting, and working memory. However, results of past research have been inconclusive. This preregistered systematic review and three-level meta-analysis of 47 studies encompassing 235 effect sizes from 4651 healthy adult participants investigated how strongly music making relates to each of the three executive functions. The results showed significant medium associations between music making and executive functions (g = 0.43), with small to medium associations between music making and each of the functions: inhibition (g = 0.31), shifting (g = 0.22), and working memory (g = 0.49). Risk of bias moderated the relationship between music making and inhibition, and the paradigm used to assess executive functions moderated the association between music making and working memory. The results suggest that individuals who engage in musical activities have higher levels of executive function, with a particularly critical role of working memory in music making. The literature review further identified several methodological issues, including predominant reliance on dichotomizing continuous variables and the use of small samples yielding low statistical power. The review offers methodological recommendations and directions for further investigating the relation between working memory and music making.
Early Experience of Threat is Associated with Altered Neural Sensitivity for Facial Expressions in Young Adults with Emerging Psychiatric Symptoms
Authors: Qiao Zhiling , Samaey Celine , Van der Donck Stephanie , Mazereel Victor , Jennen Lise , vancampfort davy , van Winkel Ruud , Boets Bart
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND: Studies linking childhood adversity with risk for psychopathology suggest a threat-related information processing bias in those exposed. METHODS: We combined frequency-tagging electroencephalography (EEG) and eye-tracking to assess automatic and implicit facial expression processing in young adults aged 16–24 years with emerging psychiatric symptoms and a history of childhood adversity (N = 52) as compared to healthy controls (N = 61). Neural discrimination of angry or happy faces from neutral faces was assessed via an EEG oddball paradigm. Neural salience and preferential looking towards angry versus neutral faces were quantified via an EEG multi-input paradigm with eye-tracking. RESULTS: Participants with adversity showed lower angry-neutral discrimination relative to happy-neutral discrimination, which was specifically related to their threat, but not neglect, experiences. When presenting angry and neutral faces simultaneously, again, they showed similar neural processing, while controls preferentially processed neutral faces, providing convincing neural evidence for threat-safety indiscrimination in adversity. Additionally, while we observed a neural attentional bias towards anger in participants with adversity relative to controls, no such bias was observed from the visual looking patterns, highlighting the superior sensitivity of the frequency-tagging EEG approach in capturing subtle adversity-related alterations in facial expression processing. All these response patterns were unrelated to the presence of psychiatric symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that childhood adversity, in particular threat experiences, is associated with a threat-related information processing bias in young adults. This bias is not only characterized by increased neural salience towards threatening information, but also by decreased neural threat-safety discrimination.
A theory of change to improve conservation outcomes through CITES
Authors: Challender Dan , ’t Sas-Rolfes Michael , Broad Steven , Milner-Gulland E.J.
Published: May 2024

Understanding the effectiveness of Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs) is critical to addressing international environmental issues. Here we articulate the implied theory of change (ToC) underpinning the design and operation of CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora), based on an analysis of the Convention's documentation. We use this as a framework to critically evaluate the effectiveness of the Convention, with respect to its stated aims, using a range of theoretical and empirical insights. Although achieving success in various ways, CITES is proving ineffective at preventing the illegal and/or unsustainable exploitation of many listed species for international trade, which we attribute to implementation and compliance issues and the Convention’s design, including a principal focus on deterrence through state-led law enforcement. Informed by this analysis we develop a modified ToC which could support more effective implementation of CITES. This ToC is intended for application at the species level and incorporates an in-depth understanding of the social-ecological systems (SESs) within which species are harvested, used, and traded. This species-system ToC explicitly considers formal and informal institutions, and the use of institutional diagnostics to inform potential revisions to institutional arrangements along supply chains. We argue that taking this approach when considering whether and how to implement trade measures under CITES could enhance the effectiveness of these measures, and therefore support legal, traceable, and more ecologically and socially sustainable international trade in wild species. Finally, we highlight the role that CITES could play in the broader global biodiversity governance regime; better alignment with other relevant MEAs could lead to more effective biodiversity conservation overall.
The EU and the future reform of global governance: risks and scenarios after COVID-19
Authors: Burguete Victor
Published: May 2024

This report aims to identify ways for enhancing the European Union’s (EU’s) ability to anticipate and address global risks after the COVID-19 pandemic. To do so, it first examines the evolution of two major trends (global power and globalisation shifts) and its impact on global governance. The erosion of multilateralism entails well-documented risks and harmful effects for the economy, the environment, and human security, and it may lead to different scenarios where the EU’s resilience is jeopardised. To explore policy options and enhance the EU’s preparedness, this paper looks into the future by formulating four clearly differentiated scenarios on a ten-year horizon, based on whether a process of global governance reform takes place and the EU’s role in shaping it. In the scenarios where a process of global governance reform is absent, risks are more pronounced, and prosperity is more complex for the EU. Leadership serves as a strategic asset for the EU even in scenarios where global reform is absent as it promotes internal cohesion. Finally, to foster further research, this paper briefly discusses some ideas on how the EU could unlock a process of global reform and lead these debates.
Selectivity and Sensitivity of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for NO2 Gas Sensor
Authors: Makram Nisreen
Published: May 2024

The flexible gas sensor was fabricated using functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-OH) suspension deposited on filter cake by employing the filtration from suspension (FFS) method and embedded with (polyaniline and polypyrrole) nanoparticles (PANI, PPy) NPs. MWCNTs-OH network showed a decrease in resistance upon exposure to the NO2 gas in comparison with air. The structural and morphological characteristics of the film were investigated using (XRD), (AFM) and (SEM ). The sensitivity was measured for the fabricated gas sensor at room temperature pure and embedded lattice with metallic nanoparticles after exposure to NO2 gas at concentration of about 25 ppm. The results revealed that the sensitivity increases when doped with PANI and PPy  NPs.
An observational study to assess awareness of cervical cancer among the adult women of field practice area of urban health training center in Kolkata
Authors: Sonali Sain  , Dey Indira , Chakraborty Nabanita
Published: May 2024

Background: Cervical cancer is a major public health problem, especially worldwide. Lack of awareness about the risk factors, signs and symptoms, and danger signs has led to a rise in the prevalence of the disease in countries like India.
Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the awareness of cervical cancer and its risk factors among the adult female population residing in the urban slum of Kolkata Municipal Corporation area and their attitude toward the disease.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 720 adult female residents of the field practice area of the urban health training center of NRS Medical College using a predesigned pretested questionnaire.
Results: In the current study, 58.3% of subjects were married at <18 years of age and 38.3% with >2 children. A significant association was found among inter-menstrual bleeding and persistent low back pain with a family history of cancer, persistent vaginal discharge, and postmenopausal bleeding with education, dyspareunia showed significant association with age, education, and family type, heavy menstruation with religion. Furthermore, the association between postcoital bleeding with education and blood in the urine or stool with marital status was found to be significant. A significant association was found between confidences about noticing a symptom with marital status (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Unsatisfactory knowledge about cervical cancer among adult women in an urban slum poses the risk of the disease. Awareness of risk factors of cervical cancer, along with early diagnosis and treatment, can decline the burden of the disease.
Anatomical study of the branching pattern of the right coronary artery
Authors: Riya Abraham  , Deepthi B  , Neenu A George
Published: May 2024

Background: The frequency of coronary artery disease is increasing nowadays. A detailed idea about the normal and variant anatomy of coronary arteries is essential in the management of various heart diseases, especially coronary bypass surgeries.
Aims and Objectives: The aims and objectives of the study are to study the branching pattern of the right coronary artery (RCA).
Materials and Methods: One hundred adult heart specimens were collected from the Department of Anatomy, Government Medical College, Kottayam. The specimens were fixed in formalin and the RCA was traced from origin to termination. Emphasis was given to the variations in branching patterns.
Results: The incidence of a third coronary artery was 20%. The origin of the sinoatrial (SA) nodal artery from both the RCA and the left circumflex artery was 7%. The incidence of the double posterior descending artery was 9%. Short RCA terminating near the right margin was 4%. Long RCA reaching up to left margin was 4%.
Conclusion: The SA nodal artery arose from RCA in the majority of cases. The posterior descending artery was single in most of the cases and its most common site of termination was up to three-quarters of the way down the posterior interventricular sulcus. In about half of the cases, the Atrioventricular nodal artery took origin from RCA. There was no statistically significant association between origin of the conus artery and gender. A statistically significant association was not observed between the origin of SA Nodal artery and gender.
A cross-sectional study on adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected pediatric patients attending medical college and hospital, Kolkata
Authors: Pramanik Debolina , Chakrabarty Debadatta , Mondal Soumitra , Roy Atanu
Published: May 2024

Background: HIV infection is a serious lifelong health risk, leading to increased illness and death. In children, adhering to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is crucial to reduce these harmful effects. Yet, due to the challenges of pediatric patients and the social issues related to HIV, sticking to ART can be difficult in this group.
Aims and Objectives: The study was conducted to evaluate the adherence of pediatric patients to their daily ART dosages. We also tried to understand the causes that led to the failure to follow the scheduled dosages and evaluate how these factors affected our study population.
Materials and Methods: We examined the adherence to ART in 49 patients, aged 2–15, who had been on ART for at least 12 months. They visited the ART center at Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, between August 01 and September 30, 2022. Ethical clearance was granted by the Institution’s Ethics Committee. The participants were chosen through systematic random sampling. We collected data through interviews and chart reviews and analyzed it using SPSS version 19.
Results: Out of the 49 participants, 34 (69.38%) adhered to ART in the preceding month. For the non-adherent patients (n=15), the main reasons included conflicting ART dosage timing with school hours and children falling asleep at dosing time. Most (53.1%) were in the 5–10 age groups, with 93.88% in WHO Stage 1 of the disease and 6.12% in Stage II. In 77.6% of cases, mothers were the primary caregivers, and 79.6% of caregivers were HIV positive. Many children (71.43%) were unaware of their disease. Out of the 31 children whose disease status was known to others, grandparents of 23 and siblings of 12 were aware. Six of these children faced stigma from relatives and neighbors. ART adherence was significantly associated (P<0.05) with the caregiver’s occupation (P=0.006), the child’s age when starting ART (P=0.001), parents’ AIDS-related deaths (P=0.003), and travel time to the ART center from home (P<0.02).
Conclusion: Although most children adhered to their ART regimen, there is room for improvement. Caregivers, especially for younger children, play a crucial role. Empathetic education for caregivers and children, tailored to their age, along with regular adherence checks, can enhance medication adherence significantly.
Efficacy of staplers in comparison with conventional (Hand-Sewn) anastomosis in gastrointestinal surgery – A prospective and randomized study
Authors: Arunkumar D  , Meghan GS  , Shivasharan HN  , Neeta PN
Published: May 2024

Background: Gastrointestinal anastomosis is a regularly carried out surgical technique to set up communication between two distant portions of the intestine since the era of Sushruta. There exist different methods of intestinal anastomosis. The newer techniques are Stapling devices over to conventional hand-sewn method of anastomosis. It is proved that a key to a successful anastomosis is accurate anastomosis of two viable ends of the bowel maintaining good vascularity and less tension. Due to consistency, stapler’s can be used at difficult locations.
Aims and Objectives: The objective of present study was to compare the outcome of hand-sewn versus stapler anastomosis in elective gastrointestinal surgeries.
Materials and Methods: We conducted a prospective and randomized study including 30 study participants each in stapler’s method and hand-sewn method at surgery outpatient department of Kempegouda Institute of Medical Sciences Hospital and Research Center.
Results: Stapling procedure took less days to get restored, less time to return of bowel sounds, shorter duration of hospital stays, and less time to resume for oral feeds compared to hand-sewn method and which were statistically significant (P<0.05). Complications such as anastomotic leaks accounted for 3.3% in stapler group and 13.3% in hand-sewn anastomosis, which was not significant statistically.
Conclusion: We concluded that time for anastomosis during the procedure, restoration of the gastrointestinal function, oral feeding resumption, and post-operative hospital stay took significantly less time in stapling technique than hand-sewn anastomosis and the staplers looked technically easy compared to hand-sewn method. Complications related to procedure did not show significant differences which helped us to conclude that one can use staplers with similar safety and accuracy as hand suturing method.
Delicate threads: A case study on velamentous placenta and its clinical significance
Authors: Smriti Anand  , Dahiya Pushpa , Shikha Madan  , Sonia Dahiya
Published: May 2024

Velamentous placenta insertion is a rare and potentially serious pregnancy complication involving the abnormal attachment of the umbilical cord to the fetal membranes rather than to the placenta.This case report details the management of a 23-year-old primigravida at 38 weeks of gestation who presented to the labor room in spontaneous labor.Initial examination revealed a term-size uterus, vertex presentation, and moderate contractions,with a fetal heart rate of 144/min. Despite an unremarkable start to labor, persistent fetal heart decelerations post-amniotomy led to the discovery of velamentous insertion of the placental cord.This case discusses the challenges, decision-making process, and outcomes associated with this rare condition, ultimately resulting in an uneventful postoperative period and successful discharge on the 5th day for both mother and baby.
Diaphragm ultrasound: A predictor of extubation in head injury patients
Authors: Anusha Rao Uchila  , Aafaque Ahmad Anjum  , Tirpude Naresh
Published: May 2024

Background: Timing is critical when determining if a patient can be successfully extubated. The criteria for obtaining the optimal time for extubation are bare minimum and subject to variability. There are not many studies that are done to use diaphragm function or diaphragm thickness (Tdi) to have any role in extubation outcome as success or failure.
Aims and Objectives: The aims and objectives of the study are to apply diaphragmatic ultrasound as a predictor of extubation to reduce morbidity and mortality in these patients.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted as a prospective single-blind study among patients admitted in post-anesthesia care unit and surgical intensive care unit, Department of Anesthesiology at Trauma care Centre during the study period of June 2019–November 2021. The ultrasonographer was informed of the intensivist’s decision to start weaning. Tdi is measured at end expiration and end inspiration. The percent change in Tdi between end expiration and end inspiration (ΔTdi%) was calculated as (Tdi end inspiration–Tdi end expiration/Tdi end expiration) ×100.
Results: Mean age was 46.2±15.2 years, ranging from 18 to 66 years. Tdi was above 30 in 64% cases, whereas Tdi% at end of expiration was above 0.17 cm in 62% cases. Weaning was successful in 78% cases whereas weaning failed in 22% cases. Weaning success rate was significantly associated with higher Tdi at end expiration (≥0.17 cm) (P<0.05).
Conclusions: Timely weaning off is very important. Delayed weaning may lead to further infection and complications. Diaphragmatic ultrasound plays a vital role in extubating the patient. Ultrasound-guided Tdi and diaphragm motion can be used as a predictor for timely extubation. Diaphragmatic thickness reflects the strength of diaphragm and hence would help us to estimate a successful extubation.
A randomized comparative study of epidural ropivacaine 0.2% with adjuvant fentanyl or nalbuphine for post-operative analgesia in lower limb surgeries
Authors: Harichandan Anup Kumar , Khuntia Manaswini , Sahu Bimal Prasad , Dash Sourav , Biswal Debadas , Dalai Harikrishna , Jena Shibanee
Published: May 2024

Background: Opioid analgesics with local anesthetics in an epidural route are extremely safe, effective, and reliable methods of post-operative pain relief.
Aims and Objectives: The primary objective is to compare the duration of analgesia and pain scoring by visual analog scale. The secondary objective is to monitor sedation, hemodynamic changes, and side effects such as nausea, vomiting, shivering, and pruritus.
Materials and Methods: A prospective randomized comparative study of 0.2% ropivacaine with nalbuphine and 0.2% ropivacaine with fentanyl in epidural route for post-operative analgesia in elective lower limb surgeries under spinal anesthesia was carried out in a population of 80 patients. After 1½ h of surgery under spinal anesthesia, patients in group RF received 10 mL of 0.2% ropivacaine with 25 mcg of fentanyl and those in group RN received 10 mL of 0.2% ropivacaine with 2.5 mg of nalbuphine and were observed for the study parameters over time.
Results: The mean duration of analgesia was longer in group RN than in group RF (398.45 vs. 222.88 min). The hemodynamic parameters such as heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and respiratory ratewere statistically significant from 240 to 480 min which is 4–6 h in group RF and 6–8 h in group RN. 27.5% of patients in group RN attained sedation whereas 7.5% of subjects in group RF had a sedation score of 2 and above at 30 min. The subjects in group RN had a lower visual analog score than group RF. 12% and 4% of patients had vomiting in group RN and group RF, respectively.
Conclusion: Epidural nalbuphine in a dose of 2.5 mg with 0.2% ropivacaine provided a longer duration of analgesia with better pain score and more sedation which was advantageous for post-operative patient compliance and satisfaction as compared to 25 mcg of fentanyl with 0.2% ropivacaine.
Comparative evaluation of sequential and premixed administration of hyperbaric bupivacaine with fentanyl in subarachnoid block for lower limb surgeries – A randomized prospective study
Authors: Vikram M Shivappagoudar  , Jaya Subbu N  , Bindu George  , Karthik Jain M
Published: May 2024

Background: Subarachnoid block is the most commonly used anesthetic technique for lower limb surgeries. Fentanyl is very often combined with hyperbaric bupivacaine as an adjuvant. This study was conducted to compare the block characteristics by administrating bupivacaine and fentanyl in a sequential and premixed manner.
Aims and Objectives: The primary objective was to compare the effects of hyperbaric bupivacaine and fentanyl administered either as a premixed solution or sequentially on block characteristics-onset of sensory and motor blockade, regression of block and duration of analgesia. The secondary objective was to study the hemodynamic changes and adverse effects.
Materials and Methods: A total of 72 patients scheduled to undergo lower limb surgery were allocated to three groups. Patients in Group A received 15 mg of 0.5 % bupivacaine heavy (H), followed by 25 mcg of fentanyl intrathecally using different syringes. Group B received 25 mcg of fentanyl, followed by 15 mg of 0.5% bupivacaine H in a separate syringe. Group C received premixed 0.5 % bupivacaine H 15 mg and fentanyl 25 mcg in single syringe. The block characteristics-onset and regression of sensory and motor blockade, duration of analgesia, and adverse effects were studied.
Results: The mean time (minutes) taken for onset of sensory block was 2.40±0.51 in group A, 4.80±0.53 in Group B and 6.70±0.50 in Group C. Mean time (minutes) taken for onset of motor block was 4.35±0.43 in Group A, while it was 5.64±0.65 and 7.32±0.64 in Groups B and C, respectively. Two segment regression and duration of motor blockade were found to be longer in Group A.
Conclusion: Sequential intrathecal administration of bupivacaine followed by fentanyl has a faster onset and prolonged duration of block when compared to the premixed group.
Correlative analysis of dissociative disorder among Kashmiri population
Authors: Nizam Ud Din Dar  , Abdul Majid Gania  , Tajamul Hussain Dhar  , Aijaz Mohi Ud Din Bhat
Published: May 2024

Background: Dissociation is a complex psychopathology. Symptoms of dissociation are seen in different mental disorders. It is defined as a loss of integration between memory, identity, emotion, perception, behavior, and sense of self.
Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to study sociodemographic variables of dissociative patients and to study psychiatric morbidities and their correlates concerning dissociative semeiology.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted from June to September 2023, where 51 persons were enrolled, who visited our patient department. Ethical clearance and consent were taken for the study. All the patients were diagnosed by a consultant psychiatrist according to the International Classification of Diseases-10 criteria. Sociodemographic profile pro forma, BG Prasad scale, and Dissociation Experience Scale-II were administered.
Result: The majority of patients were from the 19 to 23-year-old age group, unmarried females residing in rural areas living in nuclear families having middle economic status who achieved middle education. The majority of patients had psychogenic non-epileptic seizures as a dominant symptom with school-related issues as a precipitant factor with the majority having a major depressive disorder. The correlation was significant at the 0.005 level. A correlation of P<0.005 for anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and adjustment disorder with dissociative symptoms was seen. A P<0.005 was seen for sex, education, economic status, and occupation to that of dissociative symptoms.
Conclusion: Dissociation symptoms have multiple comorbid psychiatric disorders comorbidly present. Precipitating factors need to be taken care of. Intervention should be multipronged. Psychological interventions may help manage different subconscious conflicts.
A cross-sectional assessment of obesity among medical students of central India
Authors: Arpit Verma  , Shweta Chauhan  , Akanksha Lazarus  , Saket Kale
Published: May 2024

Background: Obesity is one of the leading public health problems, emerging and evolving across the ages from childhood, adolescence, young adults, and middle age to the geriatric sphere of life. The young adult age group also includes the special population of medical students with possible unique stressors and risk factors requiring special attention.
Aims and Objectives: The current study was planned with the objectives of studying obesity among medical students with a focus on determining the prevalence of obesity problem and associated socioeconomic level and lifestyle variables; dietary calorie intake and physical activity.
Materials and Methods: The current study is a cross-sectional survey conducted using a pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire among MBBS students of central India. A total of 400 students were interviewed. Body mass index (BMI) was used to identify and the World Health Organization classification (WHO) was used to categorize the students in nutritional levels. Physical activity level was assessed using the General Practice Physical Activity Questionnaire. Socioeconomic status (SES) was assessed using the Modified Prasad Classification and All India Consumer Price Index. Dietary calorie intake was assessed using 24-h oral questionnaire method.
Results: The current study finds a prevalence of 7.5% obesity among medical students with another 10% in the pre-obese category as per the WHO classification. It was also found that Male gender, inactivity, and upper SES were significantly associated with the obesity prevailing in this special population of medical students.
Conclusion: The current study concludes that obesity/pre-obesity is an important problem prevalent among medical students with association with sedentary lifestyle and high SES; thus, recommends screening students for lifestyle disease, dietary modification, change in sedentary lifestyle, and recreational activities to reduce stress.
Effects of administration of melatonin on prevalence of delirium and duration of stay in patients admitted to neurosurgical intensive care unit – A prospective study
Authors: Anu Hansa  , Zulfiqar Ali  , Iqra Nazir  , Altaf Mir  , Zoya Sehar  , Mir Mohsin  , Shahid Ahmad Mir  , Imtiaz Naqash
Published: May 2024

Background: The occurrence of delirium in patients who undergo elective surgeries is a common occurrence. Multiple studies have assessed the effect of different drugs in various elective procedures to decrease the prevalence of postoperative delirium. The effect of melatonin to decrease the prevalence of delirium and duration of neurosurgical intensive care unit (NSICU) stay in patients undergoing neurosurgery has not been studied previously. The current study aimed to assess the same.
Aims and Objectives: To assess the effect of preoperative and postoperative melatonin administration on the prevalence of delirium in patients undergoing elective ventilation in NSICU and to assess the effect of preoperative and postoperative melatonin administration on the duration of stay in NSICU.
Methods and Methods: In this prospective observational study, 60 patients undergoing various neurosurgical procedures and admitted to NSICU were included. The patients were divided into two groups: one group received a placebo (Group P- tablet Sugarfree containing Aspartame) and another group received a tablet of melatonin 3 mg (Group M) in the preoperative and postoperative period. The effect of melatonin on the prevalence of delirium and duration of NSICU stay in these two groups was observed.
Results: A decreasing trend of delirium was noted in both groups (Group M and Group P) with no statistical significance. A decreased prevalence of delirium was observed in patients of group M (33.3%) at the end of 12 h post-extubation compared to Group P (43.3%). The mean duration of stay for the patients in NSICU in Groups M and P were 2.7 and 3.2 days, with the range (1–14 Days) in Group M and Group P (1–20 days), respectively.
Conclusion: Although there was a decreased prevalence of delirium and a decrease in the mean duration of the intensive care unit stay in patients who received oral melatonin, these beneficial effects did not show any statistical significance once compared with the control group.
Decolonization in Focus: A Bibliometric Analysis of Scientific Articles from 2010 to 2023
Authors: Mahat Dipak , Karki Tej Bahadur , Neupane Dasarath , Shrestha Diwat Kumar , Shrestha Sajeeb
Published: May 2024

Background: Decolonization refers to the process of undoing or dismantling the systems and ideologies imposed during colonialism. Recognition of colonialism's enduring impacts has increased scholarly attention to conceptualizing and advancing decolonization.
Methods: A systematic literature review approach was employed to analyze existing research on decolonization from 2010 to 2023. Quantitative bibliometric methods were used to extract metrics from publications and perform statistical analyses of trends. The Scopus database provided coverage of different four subjects.
Results: A total of 980 documents were analyzed from 636 sources. Key findings include steady annual increases in production, with outputs doubling from 2019 to 2020. The United States, United Kingdom, Canada and South Africa contributed the most publications. "Decolonization", "colonialism" and population-centric keywords dominated.
Conclusion: Decolonization remains an important topic of interdisciplinary and global research. Future work will be conducted on a comprehensive bibliometric analysis in this field.
Novelty: This study applied bibliometric techniques to provide valuable information about quantifiable trends, relationships and gaps within the extensive body of decolonization. Network and clustering analyses revealed collaborative patterns and thematic developments over time.
ORBITAL ANGULAR MOMENTUM-BASED SLOT ARRAY ANTENNA FOR MODERN APPLICATIONS
Authors: Mousa Majeed Arkan , Elwi Taha A. , Abdul Hassain Zaid A. , Kumar Jayendra , E. Saleem Ahmed
Published: May 2024

Millimeter waves are the most promising waves for different modern wireless communication networks. This is due to their ability to carry big data with enhanced channel capacity. However, mm-waves suffer from low propagation due to the effects of high attenuation factors with high frequencies. Therefore, in this work, a three-dimensional structural antenna design with a slot array is proposed to achieve high gain through a two-port feeding operation for orbital angular momentum applications of modern communication systems. Also, the improved bandwidth of the proposed antenna makes it an excellent candidate for fifth-generation (5G) communications systems. The antenna depends on two concentric structures with conductive circular cross-sectional area. The first structure is shaped as a three-dimensional cone with a cylindrical waveguide. The second structure is shaped as a circular disc with a circular aperture. The two parts of the proposed antenna are concentered to be fed with two discrete ports from the side with a 900phase difference. It is determined that the proposed antenna offers an exceptional gain to vary from 10dBi to 20dBi within the frequency band from 3GHz to 30GHz. It is realized that such enhancement after introducing a conductive circular reflector underneath the conductive cone. The antenna shows a matching impedance below -10dB over the entire frequency band of interest. The antenna radiation proprietors at 25GHz and 26GHz at the E-plane and H-plane are characterized. Finally, the antenna performance is validated using two software packages based on CST studio and HFSS algorithms.
Unveiling the Online Presence: A Comparative Study of Social Media Use in Branding Creative Cities - A Case Study of Singapore and Bandung
Authors: Prayudi Prayudi , Ardhanariswari Kartika Ayu , Probosari Ninik
Published: May 2024

This article compares the social media strategies and engagement metrics utilized by two prominent creative cities, Singapore and Bandung. Singapore and Bandung are creative cities using different social media techniques and measurements. This research examined how the Singapore Design Council and Bandung Creative City Forum used social media to brand their cities. This research further analyzes social media in terms of reach and sentiment. The study adopted descriptive and social media analyses. The purpose was to obtain social media strategies and compare their social media channels, mentions, reach, and sentiment. The research findings show that Singapore's leading creative city branding platform is Instagram, proposing a more focused strategy. Bandung communicates with its numerous online citizens via Instagram and Twitter. Bandung generates more social media mentions and reaches, indicating a more active and engaged online community. Despite this, Singapore's social media sentiment is overwhelmingly positive, reflecting a solid and favorable perception of the city as a creative center. In addition, the study emphasizes the significance of platform selection and content diversity when developing social media strategies. This comparative analysis contributes to a comprehension of the effective use of social media for creative city branding. The study informs stakeholders in Singapore and Bandung about the strengths, limitations, and opportunities of their social media engagement. By utilizing these findings, policymakers, urban planners, and creative industry professionals can enhance their efforts to promote their cities as thriving creative centers.
Producing News Stories on the YouTube Platform by Mobile Journalists in Indonesia
Authors: Oktavianti Roswita , Paramita Sinta , Sukendro Gregorius Genep
Published: May 2024

Mobile journalism has been a mainstay in some news media outlets as audiences migrate to smaller screens for news. In response to the competitive media environment, organizations embrace mobile technology to expand the scope of their content. This article employs emerging perspectives as one of the organizational theory approaches. This study aims to determine the process behind news stories created by mobile journalists depending on their institution, the current circumstances, and technological advances. This study compares mobile journalists from two different news YouTube channels in Indonesia. Researchers collected data by observing news videos and interviewing news editors. The result showed that rules upheld by the media organizations would determine their productivity, the topic of news stories, and the quality of news sources. The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the news creation process as they had to work remotely. In addition, it is worth noting that mobile journalists must shoot and edit videos and have a multimedia mindset. This study suggests that a newsroom must have stricter rules and guidelines as it will be the main factor in producing news videos on YouTube channels. Journalists should also be prepared to adopt digital technology to cope with unprecedented situations.
CREATING A NEW PUBLIC UNIVERSITY AND REVIVING DEMOCRACY
Authors: Levin Morten , Greenwood Davydd J.
Published: May 2024

Public universities are in crisis, waning in their role as central institutions within democratic societies. Denunciations are abundant, but analyses of the causes and proposals to re-create public universities are not. Based on extensive experience with Action Research-based organizational change in universities and private sector organizations, Levin and Greenwood analyze the wreckage created by neoliberal academic administrators and policymakers. The authors argue that public universities must be democratically organized to perform their educational and societal functions. The book closes by laying out Action Research processes that can transform public universities back into institutions that promote academic freedom, integrity, and democracy.
Core Member and the Success of Regional Organizations: A Study of China's Role in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization
Authors: Khan Hameed Ullah , Zeb Shan , Billah Mutaseem
Published: May 2024

The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), established in 2001, promotes cooperation in trade, economics, scientific technology, and energy. China, a key player in the group, has implemented measures to ensure fair distribution of its gains through regional cooperation and integration. China has proposed the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) to boost economic cooperation and connectivity in the SCO region. It has also offered financial assistance and technical expertise to other member states to boost infrastructure development and economic growth. China pledges to strengthen cooperation in trade, energy, and security, requiring cooperation and compromise for mutual benefits. These initiatives demonstrate China's commitment to regional cooperation and willingness to make sacrifices. In conclusion, China is now in favour of the SCO playing a bigger geopolitical role. Presently, China portrays the SCO as a vibrant and active alliance that aims to position itself as the protector of regional and international security.