bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An improved classifier and transliterator of hand-written Palmyrene letters to Latin
Authors: Hamplová Adéla , Franc David , Veselý Arnošt
Published: January 2023

This article presents the problem of improving the classifier of handwritten letters from historical alphabets, using letter classification algorithms and transliterating them to Latin. We apply it on Palmyrene alphabet, which is a complex alphabet with letters, some of which are very similar to each other. We created a mobile application for Palmyrene alphabet that is able to transliterate hand-written letters or letters that are given as photograph images. At first, the core of the application was based on MobileNet, but the classification results were not suitable enough. In this article, we suggest an improved, better performing convolutional neural network architecture for hand-written letter classifier used in our mobile application. Our suggested new convolutional neural network architecture shows an improvement in accuracy from 0.6893 to 0.9821 by 142% for hand-written model in comparison with the original MobileNet. Future plans are to improve the photographic model as well.
Two-layer genetic programming
Authors: Merta Jan , Brandejský Tomáš
Published: January 2023

This paper focuses on a two-layer approach to genetic programming algorithm and the improvement of the training process using ensemble learning. Inspired by the performance leap of deep neural networks, the idea of a multilayered approach to genetic programming is proposed to start with two-layered genetic programming. The goal of the paper was to design and implement a twolayer genetic programming algorithm, test its behaviour in the context of symbolic regression on several basic test cases, to reveal the potential to improve the learning process of genetic programming and increase the accuracy of the resulting models. The algorithm works in two layers. In the first layer, it searches for appropriate sub-models describing each segment of the data. In the second layer, it searches for the final model as a non-linear combination of these sub-models. Two-layer genetic programming coupled with ensemble learning techniques on the experiments performed showed the potential for improving the performance of genetic programming.
MODERN TRENDS IN MOTIVATED WORK OF SPECIALISTS IN IT COMPANIES
Authors: Kuchina Elena
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to identifying the motivational profile of specialists in the field of information technology. The features of the Russian market of IT-services, and problems and specifics of the activity of the information technology industry are considered. Based on the conducted study on identifying the factors that affect the level of motivation of employees of IT companies, the predominant needs and motives have been determined, as well as the main aspirations of employees realized in the course of their professional activities. The key features of building a system of labor motivation for specialists are considered, including both a formalized assessment of performance results and the use of an individualized approach to motivating employees.
Healthy Parenting Skills Program toward First-Time Father’s Skills on Caring for Newborn Baby
Authors: Khasanah Uswatun , Suratni Suratni
Published: January 2023

Purpose: This study is to examine the effects of skills training program named healthy parenting program on first time father skills. The skills are baby bath and umbilical cord care, baby blanket, burping and handling the baby, baby lullaby and replace baby clothes.Method: This is a quasi experiment study. Sampling technique is purposive sampling with 30 first time father with 0-28 days new born baby. Sample equally assigned into experimental and control groups. Subject in experimental group received healthy parenting skills program, while control group was given routine care only. The instrument is observation guideline. Wilcoxon and Man Whitney Test are used to analyze data.Result: Father’ skills in experimental group after receiving the program are statistically increased from before the program (bathing and umbilical cord care, baby blanket, baby burping, baby handling, baby lullaby, replace baby clothes).Conclusion: Father’ skills in experimental group after receiving the program are statistically increased over control group (bathing and umbilical cord care, baby blanket skill, baby burping, baby handling, baby lullaby, replace baby clothes). Suggestions are the educational efforts by health-care professionals could beneficially be directed toward fathers throughout prenatal and postpartum periods. Health center in Indonesia should initiate class program directed to father in part of program in reducing neonates and post partum mothers health problems.
Ethical Values in the Nursing Profession as Perceived by Head Nurses and Staff Nurses in Public Hospitals, Banda Aceh, Indonesia: A comparison Study
Authors: Yullyzar Yullyzar , Nasae Tasanee , Chaowalit Aranya
Published: January 2023

Purpose: Identify the levels of importance of ethical values in the nursing profession as perceived by the head nurses and the staff nurses, and compare the levels of importance of ethical values in the nursing profession as perceived by head nurses and those as perceived by staff nurses in public hospitals, Banda Aceh, Indonesia.Methods: Data collected from79 head nurses and 280 staff nurses were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and Mann-Whitney U test.Results: The total mean score of the importance of ethical values in the nursing profession perceived by head nurses and staff nurses are at a high level. The top 3 mean scores of the importance of ethical values in the nursing profession perceived by head nurses included caring, autonomy, and confidentiality. Meanwhile, the top 3 mean scores of the importance of ethical values in the nursing profession perceived by staff nurses included caring, confidentiality, and non maleficence. The Mann-Whitney U test showed that head nurses perceived accountability as significantly statistically different from staff nurses. Conclusion: Although head nurses and staff nurses mostly perceived the importance of ethical values in the nursing profession at high levels, it is still need to promote some ethical values of head nurses and staff nurses.
Dyspnea Experience and Dyspnea Management in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Bangladesh
Authors: Parveen Shahanaz , Thaniwattananon Ploenpit , Matchim Yaowarat
Published: January 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate dyspnea experience and dyspnea management intervention used by Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients in Bangladesh.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used. The symptom management model developed by Dodd et al. was used to guide the study. Data were collected from 140 COPD patients by using self-report questionnaire. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the data.Results: The patients perceived dyspnea difficulty within the past 24 hours and within the past 7 days at moderate level. The most used dyspnea management methods included bronchodilators, leaning forward position, and keeping still. The patients perceived bronchodilators as somewhat effective method and perceived leaning forward position as quite a bit effective method in reducing dyspnea.Conclusion: The study could guide nurses to promote dyspnea management intervention for COPD patients in Bangladesh, in order to enhance higher quality of life.
I tu też jest alegoria: krytycznoliterackie zmagania z nowoczesną alegorycznością
Authors: Skurtys Jakub
Published: January 2023

Autor analizuje pojęcie alegorii, klasycznej figury poetyckiej, jako swoistego „pojęcia wędrującego”, przydatnego i modnego w dzisiejszej krytyce literackiej. Rosnące zainteresowanie alegorycznymi stylami lektury we współczesnej humanistyce wywodzi z dwóch ważnych źródeł: prac Waltera Benjamina, który odzyskał barokową alegorię dla współczesnej estetyki, oraz Paula de Mana, który zdefiniował ją na nowo jako nieodłączną cechę literatury i uniwersalny sposób interpretacji tekstu. Następnie autor analizuje różne sposoby wykorzystania tego nowoczesnego rozumienia alegorii (jako tematu, stylu lub maniery oraz sposobu czytania) w trzech projektach krytycznych, które powstały po 2000 roku: Grzegorza Jankowicza, Aliny Świeściak i Rafała Wawrzyńczyka.
University teachers’ focus on students: Examining the relationships between visual attention, conceptions of teaching and pedagogical training
Authors: Murtonen Mari , Anto Erkki , Laakkonen Eero , Vilppu Henna
Published: January 2023

Teachers’ focus on their students’ learning is considered central in high-quality university teaching. This frontline research introduces a novel way to study how focusing on students’ learning can be found on the level of teachers’ visual noticing combined with verbal interpretations, i.e. their professional vision, when they observe teaching situations. A central question is also, whether professional vision skills are connected to teachers’ pedagogical education. Two short videos depicting teaching during a lecture, including different types of trigger events, were presented to teachers (N = 49), who were asked to think aloud while watching, and numerically evaluate the success of the teaching, to reveal their interpretation of the teaching situation. The results showed that pedagogically trained teachers paid more visual attention on the students and less on the teacher. Visual noticing of critical incidents preceded the formulation of accurate verbal interpretations. Noticing that the students were not active was connected to learning facilitating conceptions, which were further connected with corresponding numerical evaluation of the successfulness of teaching. Teachers who visually notice the important incidents during teaching can also formulate a more accurate verbal interpretation of the situation. Contrary to studies at lower levels of education, our study did not found evidence on the connection between teaching experience and professional vision. At the university level, pedagogical education seems to be a stronger predictor of professional vision.
Aleksandrov reflection for extrinsic geometric flows of Euclidean hypersurfaces
Authors: Chow Bennett
Published: January 2023

We survey some ideas regarding the application of the Aleksandrov reflection method in partial differential equation to extrinsic geometric flows of Euclidean hypersurfaces. In this survey, we mention some related and important recent developments of others on the convergence of noncontracting flows and construction and classification of ancient flows.
Lyrische Repräsentation der Ding-Wahrnehmung
Authors: Wang Bingjun
Published: January 2023

Als Antwort auf die seit der Industrialisierung zunehmende materielle Produktion wird die Reflexion über die Dinge zusehends intensiviert. In der Literatur etabliert sich vor allem seit Rilke als neue Gattungsform das Dinggedicht, das Aufmerksamkeit auf die Dinge als Erfahrungsmöglichkeiten lenkt. Die Rezeption der westlichen Literatur, einschließlich der Werke Rilkes in China, trägt dazu bei, eine literarische Moderne, die mit der Tradition bricht, einzuleiten, bevor eine Industrialisierung stattfindet. Die Adaption der Dinggedichte von Rilke durch die Dichterin Min Zheng markiert zum einen den Bruch mit der klassischen Dinggedichttradition und antizipiert zum anderen Repräsentationsmöglichkeiten von Erfahrungen, die durch die Wahrnehmung der Dinge gewonnen werden.
Navigating liminality: young people’s political socialization in a conflict-affected context
Authors: Charalambous Constadina
Published: January 2023

This paper focuses on political socialization in a conflict-affected context and looks at how young Greek-Cypriot learners of Turkish debated political positionings and engaged with political and conflict ideologies usually seen as part of the adult world. It draws on data from two linguistic ethnographic projects (2006–2009; 2012–2015) that analysed classroom observations and recordings of controversial Turkish-as-Foreign-Language (MFL) lessons in a Greek-Cypriot Secondary School. The paper employs the concept of liminality, which has been traditionally linked with transition, describing an in-between space, where normal rules, conventions and relations are suspended or transgressed, carrying the potential for the creation of new structures and creative performance. Moving away from romantised approaches to liminality as liberating from structures, the analysis looks “inside liminality” for alternative or enduring patterns and conventions and reveals the affordances and limitations of liminal-like experiences in education settings, and their potential role in young people’s political socialization. Approaching children/teenagers as youthful political agents, the paper analyses first the multiple liminal social and political spaces that young learners of Turkish occupied; then, it focuses particularly on an interactional event, when the usual lesson structures and procedures of the language lesson were suspended, looking at how students, in this liminal-like moment, mobilized knowledge and recourses to form and debate political subjectivities and dominant political ideologies. The analysis points to the resilience of conflict discourses and discourses of othering but it also reveals youngsters’ attempts to articulate a political discourse that introduces new discursive frames for the discussion of social and political relations in a post-conflict manner. This has important implications for young people’s political socialization in conflict-affected contexts, revealing the role that language plays in this process.
Symmetric results of a Hénon-type elliptic system with coupled linear part
Authors: Lou Zhenluo , Li Huimin , Zhang Ping
Published: January 2023

In this article, we study the elliptic system:

−
Δ
u
+

μ

1

u
=
∣
x

∣

α

u

3

+
λ
v
,

x
∈
Ω

−
Δ
v
+

μ

2

v
=
∣
x

∣

α

v

3

+
λ
u
,

x
∈
Ω

u
,
v
>
0
,
x
∈
Ω
,
u
=
v
=
0
,
x
∈
∂
Ω
,

\left\{\begin{array}{ll}-\Delta u+{\mu }_{1}u=| x\hspace{-0.25em}{| }^{\alpha }{u}^{3}+\lambda v,& x\in \Omega \\ -\Delta v+{\mu }_{2}v=| x\hspace{-0.25em}{| }^{\alpha }{v}^{3}+\lambda u,& x\in \Omega \\ u,v\gt 0,x\in \Omega ,u=v=0,x\in \partial \Omega ,\end{array}\right.

where

Ω
⊂

R

3

\Omega \subset {{\mathbb{R}}}^{3}

is the unit ball. By the variational method, we prove that if

α

\alpha

is sufficiently small, the ground state solutions of the system are radial symmetric, and if

α
>
0

\alpha \gt 0

is sufficiently large, the ground state solutions are nonradial; however, the solutions are Schwarz symmetry.
Solvability for a nonlocal dispersal model governed by time and space integrals
Authors: Yu Yang-Yang , Wang Fu-Zhang
Published: January 2023

This work is to analyze a nonlocal dispersal model governed by a Volterra type integral and two space integrals. A weighted integral is included, and an existence result of solutions for this model is proved. We assume a suitably Hartman-type sign condition and use a sufficiently regular measure of noncompactness. Finally, the degree theory referring to condensing operators is applied.
circRNA ITGA7 restrains growth and enhances radiosensitivity by up-regulating SMAD4 in colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Li Wei , Wei Wancheng , Hu Dingyin , Tang Rutong , Hu Zikang
Published: January 2023

Circular RNAs have been reported to be widely involved in cancer cell tumorigenesis and drug resistance; here, the aim of this study was to investigate whether circRNA Integrin Subunit Alpha 7 (ITGA7) (circ_ITGA7) was associated with the tumor growth and radiosensitivity of colorectal cancer (CRC). We found that circ_ITGA7 expression was lower in CRC tissues and cells than those in the normal tissues and cell lines according to quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. As shown by cell counting kit-8 assay, flow cytometry, colony formation assay, and xenograft experiment, ectopic overexpression of circ_ITGA7 remarkably restrained CRC tumor growth and enhanced radiosensitivity in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, circ_ITGA7 could target microRNA (miR)-766 to prevent the degradation of its target gene mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 (SMAD4), the binding between miR-766 and circ_ITGA7 or SMAD4 was first verified by dual-luciferase activity assay. Additionally, miR-766 up-regulation reversed the inhibitory effects of circ_ITGA7 on CRC growth and radiosensitivity. Besides that, inhibition of miR-766 reduced CRC cell growth and sensitized cells to radiotherapy, and these effects mediated by miR-766 inhibitor were rescued by the silencing of SMAD4. In all, circ_ITGA7 suppressed CRC growth and enhanced radiosensitivity by up-regulating SMAD4 through sequestering miR-766, providing an insight for the further development of CRC treatment.
“Crossing the Bridge, Facing the Problem”: The Problem of Transference in Avot Yeshurun’s Poetry
Authors: Rahamim Asif
Published: January 2023

The article offers a panoramic view of the tropes of “space” and “place” in the poetry of Avot Yeshurun, and explores the radical transformation they underwent throughout the years – from the early poems of the 1930s, to the last volume of poems published before the poet’s death in 1992. I contend that the shift in the nature of the Yeshurunian space, caused by the catastrophe of the Shoah, the foundation of the State of Israel, and the Palestinian Nakba that proceeded it, can be viewed through the prism of what I call “the problem of transference”. Struggling to re-connect the now insurmountably severed worlds – the pre-catastrophe world of the golah, and the new, post-catastrophe, Israeli world – Yeshurun’s poetry exhibits an ever-growing tendency to transfer language-materials from one side of the abyss to the other, desperately attempting to both salvage the remains of the ruined home, and establish the new world as a proper dwelling place. This back-and-forth movement of traumatic transference, I argue, is a powerful interpretive tool by which to understand the poet’s entire poetic project and to account for its peculiarities, and above all - its famous “clash of languages” which consists of Hebrew, Yiddish, and Arabic.
Reference materials for phase equilibrium studies. 2. Solid–liquid equilibria (IUPAC Technical Report)
Authors: Bazyleva Ala , Acree William E. , Diky Vladimir , Hefter Glenn T. , Jacquemin Johan , Magalhães M. Clara F. , Magee Joseph W. , Nordstrom D. Kirk , O’Connell John P. , Olson James D. , Polishuk Ilya , Schmidt Kurt A. G. , Shaw John M. , Trusler J. P. Martin , Weir Ronald D.
Published: January 2023

This article is the second of three projected IUPAC Technical Reports on reference materials for phase equilibrium studies. The goal of this project was to select reference systems with critically evaluated property values for the verification of instruments and techniques used in phase equilibrium studies of mixtures. This report proposes seven systems for solid–liquid equilibrium studies, covering the four most common categories of binary mixtures: aqueous systems with organic solutes, aqueous systems with inorganic solutes, non-aqueous systems, and systems with low solubility. For each system, the available literature sources, accepted data, smoothing equations, and estimated uncertainties are given.
Meaning and the evolution of signification and objectivity
Authors: Pharoah Mark
Published: January 2023

The coevolution of objectivity and subjectivity and the nature of both their division and connection are central to this paper. Section 2 addresses the nature of meaning from the subjective perspective. Initially, I examine the meaningful engagement that exists between the unicellular organism and its environment. In this respect, I focus on the ontological importance of the qualitative biochemical assimilation of the physical rather than on the evolution of form and function. In Section 3, I broaden the discussion to include multicellular organisms and introduce the idea that meaning, at various levels, qualifies different objective and informational constructs of the world. These determine the character of interactive engagement and reveal much about the way in which an agent signifies the external. In Section 4, I review Darwinian evolution from the position of the existential self. I emphasize that meaning is that which qualifies the human concept of objectivity, rather than that objectivity is that which will help humankind qualify or understand meaning. Ultimately, this outlook challenges scientific disciplines that have tended to obscure the relevance of meaning and sought, instead, to explain it from an epistemological footing. In its overall scope, I try to establish the view that the subjective and objective domains are more nuanced, layered, and intertwined ontologically than the default stance that presents a binary juxtaposition between the two.
Emotion-rule dissonance and job satisfaction: A moderated mediation model of work engagement and hotel segment
Authors: Ortiz-Bonnin Silvia , García-Buades María Esther
Published: January 2023

Traditional hospitality and tourism literature has underestimated the importance of hotel segment (resort hotels vs. urban hotels) for the effects of emotional-rule dissonance in frontline employees. The present study analyses the relationships among emotion-rule dissonance, work engagement, job satisfaction, and hotel segment through a moderated mediation model. A sample of 131 frontline employees of Spanish hotels completed self-reported measures at two time points. Results revealed that the effect of emotion-rule dissonance on job satisfaction through lower work engagement was only significant in urban hotels, suggesting that emotion-rule dissonance was more harmful for urban hotel employees. This paper provides new insights into the way emotion-rule dissonance decreases job satisfaction and offers advice for managers to enable them to prevent its detrimental impact, particularly in urban hotels.
Resonant Column Calibration and Dynamic Torsional Shear Testing Using Stepped Frequency Sweeps
Authors: Garzon Sabogal Kike , Getchell Amy , Santagata Marika , Drnevich Vincent P.
Published: January 2023

This article introduces a new apparatus calibration procedure along with testing protocols, data acquisition, and reduction procedures for a fixed-free resonant column test in which a fixed amplitude sinusoidal torque is applied to the specimen at discrete frequencies over a wide bandwidth that encompasses the resonant frequency. Recently developed resonant column theory, consistent with ASTM D4015-21, Standard Test Methods for Modulus and Damping of Soils by Fixed-Base Resonant Column Devices, is shown to hold for all frequencies in this bandwidth and enables determination of shear modulus, damping, and shear strain amplitude at each frequency. For off-resonant frequencies, shear strain amplitudes are much lower than those at resonance; hence, under a constant applied torque, the method measures values over a range of shear strains. These procedures are facilitated using a spectrum analyzer. The new and more robust approach for apparatus calibration relies on conducting stepped frequency sweeps (SFS) on calibration rods and allows concurrent determination of all apparatus calibration factors, which apply to the full frequency bandwidth for testing soils. Test results on sand are used to illustrate the developed procedures and recommendations are provided for determining shear modulus and damping over the full shear strain range of the apparatus. If the fixed amplitude applied torque is low, the test provides shear modulus and damping at very low strains. For sufficiently high values of the applied torque, a single SFS allows semicontinuous characterization of the shear modulus degradation and shear damping increase behavior. The article provides recommendations for selecting frequency bandwidth, frequency step values, and spectrum analyzer settings. For testing with large input torques, SFS should be from high frequency to low frequency to more accurately capture the response function for strain softening behavior. The total time for SFS is on the order of 10 min, and the number of applied loading cycles can be controlled.
A Unique “Reversed” Migration of Neurons in the Developing Claustrum
Authors: Oshima Kota , Yoshinaga Satoshi , Kitazawa Ayako , Hirota Yuki , Nakajima Kazunori , Kubo Ken-ichiro
Published: January 2023

The claustrum (CLA) is a cluster of neurons located between the insular cortex and striatum. Many studies have shown that the CLA plays an important role in higher brain function. Additionally, growing evidence suggests that CLA dysfunction is associated with neuropsychological symptoms. However, how the CLA is formed during development is not fully understood. In the present study, we analyzed the development of the CLA, especially focusing on the migration profiles of CLA neurons in mice of both sexes. First, we showed that CLA neurons were generated between embryonic day (E) 10.5 and E12.5, but mostly at E11.5. Next, we labeled CLA neurons born at E11.5 using the FlashTag technology and revealed that most neurons reached the brain surface by E13.5 but were distributed deep in the CLA 1 d later at E14.5. Time-lapse imaging of GFP-labeled cells revealed that some CLA neurons first migrated radially outward and then changed their direction inward after reaching the surface. Moreover, we demonstrated that Reelin signal is necessary for the appropriate distribution of CLA neurons. The switch from outward to “reversed” migration of developing CLA neurons is distinct from other migration modes, in which neurons typically migrate in a certain direction, which is simply outward or inward. Future elucidation of the characteristics and precise molecular mechanisms of CLA development may provide insights into the unique cognitive functions of the CLA.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe claustrum (CLA) plays an important role in higher brain function, and its dysfunction is associated with neuropsychological symptoms. Although psychiatric disorders are increasingly being understood as disorders of neurodevelopment, little is known about CLA development, including its neuronal migration profiles and underlying molecular mechanisms. Here, we investigated the migration profiles of CLA neurons during development and found that they migrated radially outward and then inward after reaching the surface. This switch in the migratory direction from outward to inward may be one of the brain's fundamental mechanisms of nuclear formation. Our findings enable us to investigate the relationship between CLA maldevelopment and dysfunction, which may facilitate understanding of the pathogenesis of some psychiatric disorders.
High-Touch Media
Authors: McKinney Cait , Mulvin Dylan
Published: January 2023

Disabled activists in the United States brought unique expertise to HIV/AIDS in the 1980s and ’90s, including understanding social stigma and health as social justice issues and approaching information as a complex access problem. Disproportionately affected Deaf communities mounted a response that carefully blended face-to-face caring practices with mediated information by and for deaf people grappling with HIV. San Francisco’s Deaf AIDS Information Center (DAIC) advocated for wider access to Telecommunications Device for the Deaf (TDD) in the AIDS service sector while also marking this text and modem-based machine’s inadequacies as a substitute for the high-touch, one-to-one interpretive work needed by many ASL users. Crossovers among media, AIDS, and disability justice histories are underdocumented and risk seeming minor. Through our analysis of the DAIC, we argue that this intersection is key to advancing knowledge of how HIV left an imprint on emerging communication technologies and how sexuality and disability factor in technological cultures.
Road Safety Legal Compliance among Malaysian Motorcyclists
Authors: Mohd Najib Yacob  , Siti Nur Suhanna
Published: January 2023

With the ever increasing popularity of motorcycles as a mode of transport in Malaysia and several other countries in Southeast Asia, numerous of legislation, enforcement and other legal compliance are available to improve their effectiveness toward motorcyclists. The awareness level among motorcyclist toward legal compliance is very important to the motorcyclist to check and balance their knowledge and attitude toward road safety. The main objective on this study is to measure the level of compliance among motorcyclist towards Road Safety Legislations. Furthermore, the common errors done by motorcyclist during riding, and also legal compliance related to motorcycle are discussed in this study. A descriptive and cross sectional study was used to identify the level of awareness among motorcyclist towards legal compliance by using observation and a set of questionnaire. The result from the study revealed that knowledge and attitude among motorcyclists were good toward legal compliance of Road Safety regulations.
Definicje dziecka w twórczości Janusza Korczaka
Authors: Jarecka-Kowalczyk Barbara
Published: January 2023

The reconstruction of the image of the child would have to begin with the ways of establishing the subject of research, namely, the basis of the verbal image of the child. Words and names distinguish and identify concepts and things, carry a certain meaning, and it is the context that sometimes allows to make the meaning more specific. However, in Korczak’s work it is not that easy, because there is no single, consistent definition of the child, there are many different explanations and explications of the concept in question depending on the situation and circumstances it was located by the author. I will try to show the meanings and connotations of the lexeme ‘child’ used in Korczak’s texts. It must be emphasized that the motif of the child is omnipresent in Korczak’s world, it acts as a dominant in each of the texts under analysis Nevertheless, putting these images together into a single, coherent picture seems impossible for several reasons. One of them is the fact that the child is involved in many different linguistic, cultural, social and generational contexts in Korczak’s prose. The other is the repertoire of linguistic means the author used to define the concept of the child and to create an image of the child to model the ways the child is perceived.
Percutaneous ablation of low-risk papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: Tuttle R Michael , Li Duan , Ridouani Fourat
Published: January 2023

Graphical abstract

Minimalistic management options such as active surveillance and thyroid lobectomy are increasingly being accepted as reasonable management options for properly selected patients with low-risk papillary thyroid cancer. Leveraging technologies developed for the treatment of benign thyroid nodules, ultrasound-guided percutaneous thermal ablation is now being evaluated as a potential additional minimalistic management option for small, intrathyroidal, low-risk papillary thyroid cancer. Published retrospective data on more than 5000 low-risk papillary thyroid cancer patients treated with thermal ablation indicate that with appropriate training and proper patient selection, these technologies can be safely and effectively applied to papillary microcarcinomas. When compared to immediate surgery, thermal ablation appears to have lower complication rates with similar short-term rates of recurrence. Proper patient selection is facilitated by the use of a clinical framework which integrates imaging characteristics, patient characteristics, and medical team characteristics to classify a patient as ideal, appropriate, or inappropriate for minimalistic management options (active surveillance, thyroid lobectomy, or thermal ablation). While retrospective in nature and lacking randomized prospective clinical trial data, currently available data do support the proposition that thermal ablation technologies reliably destroy papillary thyroid microcarcinoma lesions and are associated with clinically acceptable oncologic outcomes when done by experienced teams in properly selected patients.
Advances in preclinical models of prostate cancer for research discovery
Authors: Taylor Renea A , Lawrence Mitchell G , Risbridger Gail P
Published: January 2023

There is longstanding interest in the role of androgens in the aetiology of prostate cancer, one of the most common malignancies worldwide. In this review, we reflect on the ways that knowledge of prostate development and hormone action have catalysed advances in the management of patients with prostate cancer. The use of hormone therapies to treat prostate cancer has changed significantly over time, including the emergence of androgen receptor signalling inhibitors (ARSI). These compounds have improved outcomes for patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer, which was once considered ‘androgen-independent’ but is clearly still driven by androgen receptor signalling in many cases. There is also a need for new therapies to manage neuroendocrine prostate cancer, which is not responsive to hormonal agents. One of the major gaps is understanding how treatment-induced neuroendocrine prostate cancer emerges and whether it can be re-sensitised to treatment. Patient-derived models, including patient-derived xenografts (PDXs), will be instrumental in facilitating future discoveries in these areas. Developments in the use of PDXs have been fostered by lessons from the field of endocrinology, such as the role of stroma and hormones in normal and developmental tissues. Thus, there is ongoing reciprocity between the discoveries in endocrinology and advances in prostate cancer research and treatment.
Functional role of GATA3 and CDX2 in lineage specification during bovine early embryonic development
Authors: Shi Yan , Hu Bingjie , Wang Zizengchen , Wu Xiaotong , Luo Lei , Li Shuang , Wang Shaohua , Zhang Kun , Wang Huanan
Published: January 2023

Current understandings of the initiation of the trophectoderm (TE) program during mammalian embryonic development lack evidence of how TE-associated factors such as GATA3 and CDX2 participate in bovine lineage specification. In this study, we describe effects of TE-associated factors on the expression of lineage specification marker genes such as SOX2, OCT4, NANOG, GATA6 and SOX17, by using cytosine base editor system. We successfully knockout GATA3 or CDX2 in bovine embryos with robust efficiency. However, GATA3 or CDX2 deletion does not affect the developmental potential of embryos to reach blastocyst stage. Interestingly, GATA3 deletion downregulates the NANOG expression in bovine blastocysts. Further analysis of the mosaic embryos shows that GATA3 is required for NANOG in the TE of bovine blastocysts. Single blastocyst RNA-seq analysis reveals that GATA3 deletion disrupts the transcriptome in bovine blastocysts. Altogether, we propose that GATA3 plays an important role in maintaining TE lineage program in bovine embryos and the functional role of GATA3 is species-specific.
Towards a connected commonwealth
Authors: Ali Christopher , Simmerman Abby , Lansing Nicholas
Published: January 2023

This paper explores the role of counties in the deployment of high-speed internet (“broadband”) networks in the United States. Counties play crucial roles in local governance, but have been absent from discussions of broadband policy, planning and deployment by both lawmakers and scholars. Rectifying this, this paper reports the results of a survey of counties in the Commonwealth of Virginia. Using thematic coding analysis, themes from our survey include (1) mapping and the ongoing issue of identifying un- and under-connected areas; (2) funding and the use of public money; (3) strategic partnerships with electric cooperatives, investor-owned ISPs, and other counties and (4) urban bias. Based on these themes, we argue that countries play three crucial, but heretofore neglected, roles in broadband deployment: funder, partner, and mobilizer. Moreover, we argue that counties are eager for greater responsibility and authority over deployment. This paper concludes with recommendations for how Virginia can amplify the roles and responsibilities of counties in broadband deployment.
Tejiendo redes en la Corte: la casa de Guadalcázar en el siglo XVIII e inicios del XIX
Authors: Guisado Domínguez María Auxiliadora
Published: January 2023

El linaje de los Alfonso de Sousa experimenta un proceso de ascenso y consolidación en el siglo XVIII que le llevará a ser titular de casa de Guadalcázar en 1730 y a alcanzar la Grandeza de España de primera clase en 1781. Las oportunidades que les brindó el entorno cortesano, gracias a un doble matrimonio, fueron más allá de las buenas relaciones de parentesco.
A través de este trabajo se analizan los mecanismos y procesos que ayudaron a su engrandecimiento ya que, partiendo de un segundo plano en la nobleza local cordobesa a finales del XVII, con su instalación en la Corte a inicios del XVIII y con unas estrategias familiares tendentes tanto a la perpetuación del linaje familiar como a la conservación del patrimonio, les permitió convertirse en uno de los mayores propietarios estatales a mediados del XIX.
Herdar a Coroa de Portugal no século XIX: percursos e vicissitudes
Authors: Drumond Braga Paulo
Published: January 2023

Este artigo procura traçar os percursos e as vicissitudes dos sete homens que entre 1837 e 1910 foram príncipes herdeiros da Coroa de Portugal. Apenas dois se enquadram no perfil habitual do herdeiro que chega à idade adulta aguardando a passagem do testemunho e desses somente um se casou e gerou filhos na condição de herdeiro. Todos receberam uma educação modelar e nenhum deles terá tido apetência pelo poder, como tantas vezes aconteceu na história das monarquias europeias, levando mesmo a conflitos entre pais e filhos.
A comparison of the abrasive sanding dust emission characteristics of oil palm wood and rubberwood
Authors: Ratnasingam Jegatheswaran , Liat Lim Choon , Ab Latib Hazirah
Published: January 2023

With the increasing interest in using oil palm wood (OPW) in the manufacture of value-added wood products in the South East Asian region, the subject of dust emission in relation to the variable density of OPW is a matter of concern. Therefore, this study evaluated the dust emission characteristics of untreated and phenol-formaldehyde-treated OPW during the abrasive sanding process. Rubberwood was the solid wood material used in this study for comparison purposes. The abrasive sanding process was carried out using an orbital sander with aluminium oxide abrasive paper with a grit size of 150. The sample boards were weighed before and after sanding to determine the amount of stock removed. The dust concentration and dust particles diameter was influenced by the material type, material density variation, and material hardness. The study revealed that both untreated and treated OPW produced higher dust concentration and higher proportions of fine respirable dust particles compared with rubberwood during the abrasive sanding processes, and therefore, it is important for a more stringent permissible exposure level (PEL) standard for dust emission to be established for OPW processing. In this context, the existing PEL of 5 mg/m3 of dust is inappropriate and needs a revision if OPW is to be successfully used in the value-added wood products industry.
TiO2/graphene oxide and SiO2 nanocomposites based on poplar wood substrate under UV irradiation and negative oxygen ions generation
Authors: Wang Zhenxing , Han Xiaoshuai , Pu Junwen
Published: January 2023

Indoor air quality is crucial to human health because poor air quality can easily lead to disease. To improve indoor air quality, it is essential to increase the concentration of negative oxygen ions in the air. Consequently, it is necessary to design a material that can generate negative oxygen ions indoors. In this study, a wood-based functional material was developed by anchoring TiO2/graphene oxide (GO) and silica nanoparticles (SiO2) onto wood. The results showed that the TiO2/GO- and SiO2-treated wood greatly enhanced the mechanical properties of the wood and increased the negative oxygen ion production to 1580 ions/cm3 after 60 min of ultraviolet irradiation, which met the standard for fresh air. These treated wood materials could fulfill the pursuit by an individual for a healthy and environmentally friendly life, and represents a highly promising material in the application of indoor decoration materials.
Effects of thermal modification of oak wood upon selected properties of coating systems
Authors: Gurleyen Levent , Ayata Umit , Esteves Bruno , Gurleyen Tugba , Cakicier Nevzat
Published: January 2023

In the last few years there has been an increased demand to change the natural color of valuable hardwoods without chemicals for use mainly in indoor parquet floors. In this study, wood samples from oak (Quercus petraea L.), one of the most used species for parquet, were heat treated (ThermoWood method) at 190 °C for 2 h and at 212 °C for 1 and 2 h. Untreated and heat treated wood surfaces were coated following two different applications: type 1, with a single layer of sealer (50 g/m2) and type 2 with two layers (35 g/m2) using a nanolacke varnishing system. The objective of this study was to investigate surface properties including adhesion, glossiness, pendulum hardness, and color (L*, a*, b*, ΔE*, ΔL*, Δa*, and Δb*). With heat treatment the lightness decreases, and its decrease is higher for higher temperatures and treatment times. Type 2 coated wood presented a slightly lower lightness decrease. The experiment showed a slight increase followed by a decrease in redness (lower a*) and a clear decrease in the yellow tone (b*). The total color variation increased with the intensity of the treatment, while the glossiness decreased (more for Type 1 coated wood). The adhesion strength and surface hardness decreased with the heat treatment in both the Type 1 and Type 2 coated wood samples. The decrease in adhesion was higher for Type 2, reaching 67%, while the decrease in surface hardness reached about 18%.
Manufacturing of wood plastic composite from polyethylene/poly(ethylene terephthalate) waste/ultra high molecular weight polyethylene blends and rice husk fiber: Raw materials preparation and preliminary processing investigation
Authors: Meekum Utai
Published: January 2023

The processing temperature of poly(ethylene terephthalate) waste (rPET) and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) was lowered by blending to avoid decomposition of rice husk fiber (RHF) during the manufacturing of wood plastic composite (WPC). Maleic anhydride (MA) grafted blends of HDPE/LDPE/UHMWPE-g-MA and rPET/LDPE-MA were prepared. Those blends were flowable at 240 °C. They were employed as blended matrices to make HDPE/LDPE/UHMWPE-g-MA/rPET/LDPE-MA/RHF wood composite at processing temperatures not exceeding 240 °C. The study of RHF loading on the WPC performance revealed that melt flow index (MFI) and mechanical performances measured by impact, flexural, and tensile properties were weakened, but heat distortion temperature (HDT) was enhanced at high RHF loading. When the stabilizer content did not exceed 2 phf, the toughness and ductility were improved. Surface treatment of RHF by MA and dicumyl peroxide (DCP) enhanced the interfacial surface adhesion, but the toughness and ductility of the WPC were reduced at high MA/DCP dosing. The formation of crosslink structure via peroxide free radical initiated reaction at the MA grafted branch chains was the prime suspect for the inferiority of the mechanical performances.
Cationized dialdehyde cellulose synthesized with deep eutectic-like solvents: Effects on sheet dewatering and mechanical properties when used as wet-end additive
Authors: Hashemzehi Mozhgan , Sjöstrand Björn
Published: January 2023

The ability of cationized dialdehyde cellulose to improve the mechanical properties of paper was evaluated. The majority of cationized additives are synthesized by introducing cationic groups through chemical reactions. Here, cationized additives were produced in a more environmentally friendly manner by use of non-toxic and readily biodegradable deep eutectic-like solvent mixtures (DESs). The modified cellulose’s properties were characterized by FTIR, polarized-light optical microscopy, charge titrations, and SEM/EDX. The cationized additives were investigated as strength additives for papermaking. Three different amounts of cationic additive (2%, 5%, and 10%) were added to the pulp, and the properties of handsheets were studied. Because increasing the additive content can affect dewatering of the process, the dewatering capabilities of the pulps with additives were evaluated by Schopper-Riegler (°SR) value, water retention value (WRV), and vacuum dewatering. Finally, the recyclability of the DES was assessed in terms of cationization reaction efficiency and their effect on paper mechanical properties.
Vacuum-assisted water removal from highly refined furnishes
Authors: Koponen Antti , Cecchini Juan , Heiskanen Samuli , Selenius Merja , Jäsberg Ari
Published: January 2023

A vacuum-assisted sheet former was used for analyzing water removal from refined bleached hardwood kraft pulp furnishes. The Schopper Riegler (SR) values of the studied furnishes ranged from 43 to 97. Water removal time increased significantly with increasing SR value; the water removal time for SR97 furnish was two orders of magnitude longer than for SR43. Retention behaved differently with different SR levels. Retention was approximately constant for SR43 and SR72, for SR85 retention was initially slightly lower, and for SR97 retention was initially very low. The clogging of the wire due to the fines was very strong for SR97. A simple model of flow resistance of the filtered sheet worked very well for SR43 and SR72, and the model worked reasonably well for SR85. However, for higher SR levels, a retention model is needed to predict accurately the water removal in real-life applications.
Enunciative Meaning-Making in Vizijos by Vytautas Mačernis
Authors: Jevsejevas Paulius
Published: January 2023

This article is a textual analysis of Vizijos (Visions), a cycle of poems by Vytautas Mačernis (1921–1944). The analysis focuses on enunciative meaning-making. The theory of enunciation (énonciation) originated in lingustics, as an inquiry into the speaking subject which, by an act of enunciation, appropriates the system of language. The introductory part of the article presents enunciative textual analysis as a modification of so-called standard greimasian textual semiotics. As a case in point, a textual analysis, by Algirdas Julien Greimas, of a poem by Marcelijus Martinaitis (“Ašara, dar tau anksti...”) is discussed, highlighting Greimas’ reluctance to discuss enunciative meaning-making. Next follows a brief discussion of an outline for inquiry into the formal apparatus of enunciation as proposed by Émile Benveniste. A model of dimensions of enunciative meaning-making that are relevant to a textual analysis of a lyric text is presented.The first part of the textual analysis is dedicated to the “Įžanga” (“Prelude”) of Visions. It is inferred that in terms of enunciative meaning-making the “Prelude” is distinct from the other parts of the work. It is argued that the “Prelude” does not live up to the standard set by those other parts. In order to demonstrate what that standard is, “Pirmoji” (“The First”) vision and excerpts of other parts are discussed. Throughout the demonstration, it is suggested that an inquiry into enunciative meaning-making leads to a different understanding of Visions than the one proposed in comprehensive studies by Virginija Balsevičiūtė-Šlekienė.