bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Further Studies of Anti‐Endomysium and Anti‐Gliadin Antibodies in Patients with Suspected Celiac Disease
Authors: Del Rosario Marian A. , Fitzgerald Joseph F. , Chong Sonny K. , Croffie Joseph M. , Gupta Sandeep K.
Published: February 2024

Background:

The finding of characteristic small intestinal mucosal abnormalities on histologic examination of a biopsy specimen remains the first requirement for the diagnosis of celiac disease. A reliable and noninvasive test would be ideal for the patient's convenience and for reducing health‐care costs. The sensitivity and specificity of anti‐gliadin antibodies (AGA‐immunoglobulin[Ig] G, AGA‐IgA) have been variable; anti‐endomysium IgA (EmA‐IgA) is more helpful. In an earlier study conducted at the authors' institution, celiac disease was present in 19 patients examined from 1992 to 1995. Anti‐endomysium titers were higher than normal in all 19 patients (100%). Total villous atrophy was seen in 14 of 17 biopsy specimens (82%) and subtotal atrophy in 3 (18%). The purpose of the current study was to evaluate further the accuracy of EmA‐IgA in diagnosing celiac disease.

Methods:

One hundred seven patients were screened for celiac disease between March 1996 and July 1997. The level of EmA‐IgA was measured in all patients, and AGA‐IgG and AGA‐IgA were measured in 104 patients. Forty‐six patients underwent endoscopic biopsy of the small bowel, with measurement of disaccharidase enzymes in 45 patients.

Results:

Five of 46 patients had celiac disease (three boys and two girls; mean age, 5.3 years; 2‐9.5 years); one also had cystic fibrosis and another had insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus. All five had marked to complete villous atrophy with crypt hyperplasia and increased serum EmA‐IgA(100% sensitivity). None of the remaining patients had increased EmA‐IgA(100% specificity). Serum levels of AGA‐IgG and AGA‐IgA were increased in all four celiac disease patients (100% sensitivity), but they were also high in patients without celiac disease (38% and 92% specificity, respectively), which compromises their diagnostic value. None of the patients confirmed to have celiac disease had IgA deficiency. Abnormal disaccharidase enzyme activities were documented in all five celiac disease patients: severe generalized deficiency (n = 2), moderately severe generalized deficiency (n = 2), and alactasia with moderate deficiency of theα‐glucosidases (n = 1).

Conclusions:

This study confirmed the reliability and accuracy of EmA‐IgA in the diagnosis of celiac disease. Small bowel biopsy may be unnecessary in EmA‐positive patients in whom celiac disease is suspected.
Faecal Bile Acid and Dietary Residue Excretion in Cystic Fibrosis: Age Group Variations
Authors: Walters Michael P. , Littlewood James M.
Published: February 2024

Background:

Earlier studies report the excessive faecal excretions of bile acids and dietary residues in cystic fibrosis (CF). However, few of these investigated large groups of patients using modern pancreatin preparations and little data exists reporting carbohydrate excretion. We therefore aimed to characterise the general levels of malabsorption within age groups of 132 patients attending a regional CF centre.

Methods:

The faecal excretions of bile acids, fat, nitrogen and carbohydrate were measured. Most of these patients were treated with either (Creon)(n = 58) or Pancrease (n = 51) and prophylactic antibiotics. The patients were grouped in age ranges 0.5 to 5 years, 6 to 10 years, 11 to 15 years and >16 years. Carbohydrate excretion was determined in the 11 to 15 year group.

Results:

Increased excretions with increment in age group were found which, for bile acids, was twice that of age matched controls. Modest relationships were found between the overall excretion of bile acids and fat, and between the excretion of bile acids and nitrogen. Primary bile acids were a feature of cystic fibrosis stools but the patterns of individual bile acid excretion revealed a trend towards a normal bile acid types with increment in age group. Faecal carbohydrate was significantly increased to levels which may significantly alter large bowel microflora.

Conclusions:

The data adds to the evidence that maldigestion initiates bile acid sequestration and consequently, the predominance of primary bile acids.
Bisacodyl and High‐Amplitude‐Propagating Colonic Contractions in Children
Authors: Hamid Syed A. , Di Lorenzo Carlo , Reddy S. Narasimha , Flores Alex F. , Hyman Paul E.
Published: February 2024

Background:

The purpose of these studies was to determine the suitability of bisacodyl for stimulating high‐amplitude‐propagating contractions in pediatric studies of colonic manometry.

Methods:

Water‐perfused manometry catheters were inserted into the right colon of children referred for evaluations related to defecation disorders. Colonic motility was measured in a 3‐hour test session: an hour fasting, an hour after a meal, and 30 minutes after administration of a provocative agent.

Results:

Bisacodyl was superior to edrophonium as a stimulant for inducing high‐amplitude‐propagating contractions. Bisacodyl‐induced high‐amplitude‐propagating contractions were similar in amplitude, duration, propagation velocity, and sites of origin and extinction to naturally occurring high‐amplitude‐propagating contractions. The effect of intrarectal bisacodyl was similar to that of intracecal bisacodyl, except for a delay of 10 minutes in onset. Bisacodyl induced high‐amplitude‐propagating contractions in all 28 children (22 with spontaneous high‐amplitude‐propagating contractions) without evidence of neuromuscular disease and in 2 of 9 children with a colonic neuromuscular disorder and no spontaneous high‐amplitude‐propagating contractions.

Conclusions:

Bisacodyl‐induced high‐amplitude‐propagating contractions were quantitatively and qualitatively similar to naturally occurring high‐amplitude‐propagating contractions. In selected cases, such as in children receiving total parenteral nutrition or restricted fluid intake, it may be possible to shorten diagnostic colonic manometry using bisacodyl rather than waiting for spontaneous high‐amplitude‐propagating contractions.
Lipidomics and biodistribution of extracellular vesicles‐secreted by hepatocytes from Zucker lean and fatty rats
Authors: Azparren‐Angulo Maria , Mleczko Justyna , Alboniga Oihane E. , Kruglik Sergei , Guigner Jean‐Michel , Gonzalez Esperanza , Garcia‐Vallicrosa Clara , Llop Jordi , Simó Cristina , Alonso Cristina , Iruarrizaga Marta , Royo Felix , Falcon‐Perez Juan M.
Published: February 2024

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been involved in metabolic syndrome, although their specific role in the development of the pathology is still unknown. To further study the role of EVs, we have analysed by Raman tweezers microspectroscopy and mass spectrometry‐based lipidomics the small EVs population secreted by fatty (ZF) and lean (ZL) hepatocytes obtained from Zucker rats. We have also explored in vivo and ex vivo biodistribution of these EVs through fluorine‐18‐radiolabelling using a positron emission tomography imaging. Based on the proportion of proteins to lipids and the types of lipids, our results indicate that within the range of small EVs, primary hepatocytes secrete different subpopulations of particles. These differences were observed in the enrichment of triglyceride species in EVs secreted by ZF hepatocytes. Biodistribution experiments showed accumulation in the brain, heart, lungs, kidney and specially in bladder after intravenous administration. In summary, we show that EVs released by a fatty hepatocytes carry a different lipid signature compared to their lean counterpart. Biodistribution experiment has shown no difference in the distribution of EVs secreted by ZF and ZL hepatocytes but has given us a first view of possible target organs for these particles. Our results might open a door to both pathology studies and therapeutic interventions.
Using point‐of‐care devices to examine covariation among blood nutritional‐physiological parameters and their relationships with poxvirus infection, habitat urbanization, and male plumage coloration in house finches (Haemorhous mexicanus)
Authors: McGraw Kevin J. , de Souza Penha Victor Aguiar
Published: February 2024

The development of inexpensive and portable point‐of‐care devices for measuring nutritional physiological parameters from blood (e.g., glucose, ketones) has accelerated our understanding and assessment of real‐time variation in human health, but these have infrequently been tested or implemented in wild animals, especially in relation to other key biological or fitness‐related traits. Here we used point‐of‐care devices to measure blood levels of glucose, ketones, uric acid, and triglycerides in free‐ranging house finches (Haemorhous mexicanus)—a common songbird in North America that has been well‐studied in the context of urbanization, nutrition, health, and sexual selection—during winter and examined (1) repeatability of these methods for evaluating blood levels in these wild passerines, (2) intercorrelations among these measurements within individuals, (3) how blood nutritional‐physiology metrics related to a bird's body condition, habitat of origin (urban vs. suburban), poxvirus infection, and sex; and (4) if the expression of male sexually selected plumage coloration was linked to any of the nutritional‐physiological metrics. All blood‐nutritional parameters were repeatable. Also, there was significant positive covariation between concentrations of circulating triglycerides and glucose and triglycerides and uric acid. Urban finches had higher blood glucose concentrations than suburban finches, and pox‐infected individuals had lower blood triglyceride concentrations than uninfected ones. Last, redder males had higher blood glucose, but lower uric acid levels. These results demonstrate that point‐of‐care devices can be useful, inexpensive ways of measuring real‐time variation in the nutritional physiology of wild birds.
Collagenous gastritis with elevated fecal calprotectin in a pediatric patient
Authors: Rodriguez Natalie , Kumar Soma , Mo Jun , Hartmann Phillipp
Published: February 2024

Collagenous gastritis is a rare and chronic inflammatory condition of undetermined etiology characterized histologically by thickened subepithelial collagen bands and increased intraepithelial lymphocytes. Here, we present a collagenous gastritis case in a 16‐year‐old female with chronic abdominal pain, persistently elevated fecal calprotectin (507 and 796 mcg/g), and resolved iron deficiency anemia. The patient's history, laboratory tests, endoscopy, and magnetic resonance imaging ruled out common causes of elevated fecal calprotectin, including Helicobacter pylori and gastrointestinal infections, medications, celiac disease, and inflammatory bowel disease, as well as less common causes such as collagenous colitis. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed significant antral nodularity. Gastric biopsies showed thickened subepithelial collagen band and surface epithelium damage with increased intraepithelial lymphocytes. The ileocolonoscopy was normal. This is among the first reported cases of collagenous gastritis with elevated fecal calprotectin levels that could solely be attributed to this condition.
Formulation of hesperidin‐loaded in situ gel for ocular drug delivery: a comprehensive study
Authors: Gözcü Sefa , Polat Heybet Kerem , Gültekin Yakup , Ünal Sedat , Karakuyu Nasıf Fatih , Şafak Esra Köngül , Doğan Osman , Pezik Esra , Haydar Muhammet Kerim , Aytekin Eren , Kurt Nihat , Laçin Burak Batuhan
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

Allergic conjunctivitis is one of the most common eye disorders. Different drugs are used for its treatment. Hesperidin is an active substance isolated from Citrus sinensis L. (Rutaceae) fruit peels, with known anti‐inflammatory activity but low solubility. It was complexed with cyclodextrin and encapsulated in situ gel to extend its duration in the eye.

RESULTS

The optimized formulation comprised 1% hesperidin, 1.5% hydroxyethyl cellulose, and 16% poloxamer 407. The viscosity at 25 °C was 492 ± 82 cP, and at 35 °C it was 8875 ± 248 cP, the pH was 7.01 ± 0.03, gelation temperature was 34 ± 1.3 °C, and gelation time was 33 ± 1.2 s. There was a 66% in vitro release in the initial 2 h, with a burst effect. A lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibition test determined that hesperidin was active at high doses on leukotyrens seen in the body in allergic diseases. In cell‐culture studies, the hesperidin cyclodextrin complex loaded in situ gel, BRN9‐CD (poloxamer 16%, hydroxy ethyl cellulose (HEC) 1.5%), enhanced cell viability in comparison with the hesperidin solution. It was determined that BRN9‐CD did not cause any irritation in the ocular tissues in the Draize test.

CONCLUSION

The findings of this study demonstrate the potential of the in situ gel formulation of hesperidin in terms of ease of application and residence time on the ocular surface. Due to its notable LOX inhibition activity and positive outcomes in the in vivo Draize test, it appears promising for incorporation into pharmaceutical formulations. © 2024 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
MXene‐CeO2@PDA Synergistically Enhanced Anticorrosion of Waterborne Epoxy Coating
Authors: Liu Cansen , Chen Qingmei , Cai Canhai , Xu Jianyu
Published: February 2024

Developing ecofriendly anticorrosion coating has great demand for marine protection. Incorporation of nontoxic inorganic fillers into waterborne epoxy (WEP) coating shows tremendous potential for enhancing corrosion resistance. However, the application of MXene/WEP coating is limited by the poor dispersion of MXene in WEP and insufficient corrosion resistance. Herein, a polydopamine (PDA) modified MXene‐CeO2@PDA (MCP) filler is constructed by a combination of CeO2 with MXene and embedded into WEP to form ecofriendly anticorrosion MCP/WEP coating. Dispersion of MXene in WEP is improved by the introduction of CeO2 and PDA modification. Benefiting from the synergy of the physical labyrinth effect of MXene and the chemical inhibition effect of CeO2, MCP/WEP coating exhibits remarkable anticorrosion behavior in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution with a low corrosion rate (CR) of 4.48 × 10−6 mpy, which is three orders of magnitude lower than that of blank WEP (4.78 × 10−3 mpy). Moreover, MCP/WEP presents long‐term and stable corrosion protection for over 30 days. The results reveal the incorporation of MCP significantly promotes the anticorrosion performance of WEP.
RETRACTED: Discovering Intrinsic Magnetism of Silk Fibroins
Authors: Ranade Varun , Choudhary Ram J. , Singh Kamal P.
Published: February 2024

Silk fibroin (SF) is an interesting biomaterials with intriguing mechanical, optical, piezoelectric, and biocompatible properties. The present study reports the first magnetic experiments to show that organic radicals in the building blocks of SF induce permanent magnetization in these materials. A saturation magnetization of 2.8 × 10−3 emu g−1 and non‐zero remnant magnetization of 2.2 × 10−4 emu g−1 with a coercive field of 65 Oe is observed in multiple SFs. Tightly bound β‐sheets of polyglycine‐alanine motifs provides sufficient steric hinderance to organic radicals and protects them from attack of reactive species. Moreover, it also shows that silk's ferromagnetic character can be enhanced by simple mechanical stretching and heating. This work demonstrates a new paradigm of magnetic proteins and opens a route toward the biomimetic discovery of iron‐free magnetic proteins.
Third‐party logistics firm's technology investment and financing options in platform‐based supply chain with 4PL service
Authors: Bi Gongbing , Shen Fuli , Xu Yang
Published: February 2024

In practice, capital‐constrained third‐party logistics (3PL) firms usually obtain bank financing (BF) to invest in logistics technology to enhance the consumer shopping experience. The emergence of financial innovation has prompted the adoption of alternative financing modes by 3PLs, including e‐commerce platform financing (EPF) and fourth‐party logistics financing (4PF). To clarify the differences among the three financing modes at the operational management level, we develop a Stackelberg game model to capture the strategic interactions between the 3PL and creditors. We examine a platform‐based supply chain where a manufacturer sells products through an e‐commerce platform to consumers, with the logistics services for the supply chain provided by the 3PL and fourth‐party logistics (4PL) firms. The analysis results reveal that the equilibrium interest rates under EPF and 4PF share a similar pattern regarding the logistics service cost coefficient, the commission rate, and the 4PL service fee. The difference is that under EPF (4PF), the logistics service level increases in the commission rate (4PL service fee) but decreases under the other financing strategy. Furthermore, the 3PL is inclined to invest in logistics technology only when the fixed investment cost is low, and these financing modes are complementary rather than alternative. The 3PL and manufacturer can benefit from 4PF (BF) when the logistics service cost coefficient is large and the market size is small (large); otherwise, EPF can enhance their profits. We also find that when the opportunity costs of capital are homogeneous, both the 4PL and the platform are consistently willing to act as financiers themselves. However, when considering heterogeneity in the opportunity costs of capital, they may be reluctant to provide financing. Each financing mode may achieve Pareto improvements under specific conditions. Finally, we also analyze the impact of technology R&D risks and endogenous 4PL service fee, yielding some valuable insights.
Thin and high conductive multi‐walled carbon nanotubes/polydimethylsiloxane composite film prepared via solvent method as strain sensors
Authors: Fu Shaoge , Wang Yu , Zhong Yifan , Deng Jia , Zhang Zhenbang , Zhao Haili , Chen Tao
Published: February 2024

Flexible strain sensors based on conductive fillers and flexible polymers possessed significant advantages in human motion detection. Preparing a strain sensing layer with high electrical conductivity and excellent mechanical property under high content of conductive filler contributed to the stability of flexible strain sensors. In this study, MWCNTs/PDMS composite film was prepared by the organic solvent method. The microstructure, electrical conductivity, mechanical property, and piezoresistive characteristics of the composite film at different MWCNTs contents were characterized and discussed. When the mass fraction of MWCNTs in the composite film was 5%, the composite film exhibited a high electrical conductivity of 9.56 S/m while maintaining ideal mechanical properties, and the film thickness was just about 180 μm. The relationship between electrical signals and film strain was performed. The piezoresistive characteristic results demonstrated that the prepared composite film could be used as flexible strain sensor for human motion detection. The prepared thin MWCNTs/PDMS composite film in this paper illustrated high conductive and desired flexibility, and was an alternative material for human motion detection.
Synergistic effect of activated carbon from disposed plastics and polybenzoxazine composite coating on corrosion inhibition
Authors: Malathi Devi Sundaramoorthy , Madhavan Durairajan , Jeyasubramanian Kadarkaraithangam , Vimalraj Ayyappan , Gnanadhas Sobhin Osannal Hikku
Published: February 2024

The fabrication of activated carbon dispersed polybenzoxazine (BXP) composite through a single step melt condensation technique is reported. Employing green strategy, activated carbon (AC) was obtained from various types of worn‐out plastics such as computer keyboard, sponge, electrical switches, and automobile tyres. Structural features of all the polymeric composites were explored using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) with Energy Dispersive X‐ray Analysis (EDAX). Thermal stability and hardness of the composites was analyzed by recording thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Rockwell hardness measurements. The results of thermal studies revealed that AC–BXP composites show higher thermal stability (301.98°C) than BXP (220.71°C). Rockwell hardness study (RHN) for ACWCKB@BXP is 71 whereas pristine BXP showed only 20. The corrosion protection ability of coated steel was examined through potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis. From the Tafel plot, more shift in Ecorr value (from −0.6286 to −0.5065 V) towards positive side confirms its corrosion protection ability. Furthermore, the Icorr, the corrosion rate and the corrosion protection efficiency of the ACWTYR@BXP composite are 0.83 × 10−6 A/cm2, 0.0098 mm/year, and 99.54%, respectively, which inhibit the rate of corrosion to a greater extent in 3.5% NaCl solution. The current study applies principles of green chemistry like minimum number of synthesis steps, non‐usage of solvents and simply adoptable coating procedure.
Theoretical study on the kinetics and reaction mechanism involved in the reduction of quinone by 1‐benzyl‐1,4‐dihydronicotinamide
Authors: Medina Manuel E. , Jiménez‐Vazquez Hugo A. , Zepeda‐Vallejo Luis G. , Trigos Ángel
Published: February 2024

Although it is well known that coenzyme NAD(P)H is involved in anabolic and catabolic reactions in the living organism, there is still significant controversy over the reaction mechanism involved in this biochemical transformation. Thus, 1‐benzyl‐1,4‐dihydronicotinamide was used as a NAD(P)H model in the reduction reaction of 1,4‐benzoquinone (Q), 2,3,5,6‐tetrachloro‐1,4‐benzoquinone, and 2,3‐dicyano‐1,4‐benzoquinone in acetonitrile medium. The kinetic calculations support that formal hydride transfer is the main mechanism promoting Q reduction, while the two‐step process dominates 2,3‐dicyano‐1,4‐benzoquinone reduction. Interestingly, only the single‐electron transfer mechanism takes place when 2,3,5,6‐tetrachloro‐1,4‐benzoquinone is used, affording the corresponding semiquinone derivative as the main product. This mechanistic behavior is related to the presence or absence of electron‐withdrawing groups in the quinones used. Furthermore, the kinetic study results showed that calculated reaction rate constants are in close agreement with experimental results. The results support that formal hydride transfer on the reduction reaction of Q by 1‐benzyl‐1,4‐dihydronicotinamide in acetonitrile proceeds through a hydrogen coupled electron transfer mechanism. This theoretical analysis provides valuable knowledge that can be extrapolated to study the reduction of quinones performed by NADH and NADPH in physiological media.
In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy Methods for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ji Pengxiang , Lei Xincheng , Su Dong
Published: February 2024

In situ Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) stands as an invaluable instrument for the real‐time examination of the structural changes in materials. It features ultrahigh spatial resolution and powerful analytical capability, making it significantly versatile across diverse fields. Particularly in the realm of Lithium‐Ion Batteries (LIBs), in situ TEM is extensively utilized for real‐time analysis of phase transitions, degradation mechanisms, and the lithiation process during charging and discharging. This review aims to provide an overview of the latest advancements in in situ TEM applications for LIBs. Additionally, it compares the suitability and effectiveness of two techniques: the open cell technique and the liquid cell technique. The technical aspects of both the open cell and liquid cell techniques are introduced, followed by a comparison of their applications in cathodes, anodes, solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation, and lithium dendrite growth in LIBs. Lastly, the review concludes by stimulating discussions on possible future research trajectories that hold potential to expedite the progression of battery technology.
Subtle 2D/2D MXene‐Based Heterostructures for High‐Performance Electrocatalytic Water Splitting
Authors: Wang Jiaqi , Yang Ganceng , Jiao Yanqing , Yan Haijing , Fu Honggang
Published: February 2024

Developing efficient electrocatalysts is significant for the commercial application of electrocatalytic water splitting. 2D materials have presented great prospects in electrocatalysis for their high surface‐to‐volume ratio and tunable electronic properties. Particularly, MXene emerges as one of the most promising candidates for electrocatalysts, exhibiting unique advantages of hydrophilicity, outstanding conductivity, and exceptional stability. However, it suffers from lacking catalytic active sites, poor oxidation resistance, and easy stacking, leading to a significant suppression of the catalytic performance. Combining MXene with other 2D materials is an effective way to tackle the aforementioned drawbacks. In this review, the focus is on the accurate synthesis of 2D/2D MXene‐based catalysts toward electrocatalytic water splitting. First, the mechanisms of electrocatalytic water splitting and the relative properties and preparation methods of MXenes are introduced to offer the basis for accurate synthesis of 2D/2D MXene‐based catalysts. Then, the accurate synthesis methods for various categories of 2D/2D MXene‐based catalysts, such as wet‐chemical, phase‐transformation, electrodeposition, etc., are systematically elaborated. Furthermore, in‐depth investigations are conducted into the internal interactions and structure‐performance relationship of 2D/2D MXene‐based catalysts. Finally, the current challenges and future opportunities are proposed for the development of 2D/2D MXene‐based catalysts, aiming to enlighten these promising nanomaterials for electrocatalytic water splitting.
Solution Sequential Deposition Pseudo‐Planar Heterojunction: An Efficient Strategy for State‐of‐Art Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Jiangang , Zhang Yutong , Liu Xingpeng , Wen Liangquan , Wan Longjing , Song Chunpeng , Xin Jingming , Liang Qiuju
Published: February 2024

Organic solar cells (OSCs) are considered as a promising new generation of clean energy. Bulk heterojunction (BHJ) structure has been widely employed in the active layer of efficient OSCs. However, precise regulation of morphology in BHJ is still challenging due to the competitive coupling between crystallization and phase separation. Recently, a novel pseudo‐planar heterojunction (PPHJ) structure, prepared through solution sequential deposition, has attracted much attention. It is an easy‐to‐prepare structure in which the phase separation structures, interfaces, and molecular packing can be separately controlled. Employing PPHJ structure, the properties of OSCs, such as power conversion efficiency, stability, transparency, flexibility, and so on, are usually better than its BHJ counterpart. Hence, a comprehensive understanding of the film‐forming process, morphology control, and device performance of PPHJ structure should be considered. In terms of the representative works about PPHJ, this review first introduces the fabrication process of active layers based on PPHJ structure. Second, the widely applied morphology control methods in PPHJ structure are summarized. Then, the influences of PPHJ structure on device performance and other property are reviewed, which largely expand its application. Finally, a brief prospect and development tendency of PPHJ devices are discussed with the consideration of their challenges.
Solar Hydrogen Production by (HA)PbX4 (X = I, Br) 2D Perovskite Crystals Doped with MoS2
Authors: Gao Lili , Hao Ke , Hu Ping , Huang Sheng , Yang Fan , Li Deng , Liu Shengzhong (Frank)
Published: February 2024

Halide perovskites have gained significant attention in the field of photovoltaics and photocatalysis due to their exceptional optoelectronic properties. However, the exploration of other classes of 2D perovskite materials is limited. In this work, the photocatalytic performance of (HA)PbX4 2D crystals embedded with MoS2 in their bulk structure is investigated. The (HA)PbX4@MoS2 composites are directly synthesized in a (HA)PbX4 crystal solution. Notably, the (HA)PbI4@MoS2 composite exhibits a remarkable 2.94‐fold increase in H2 evolution activity. Furthermore, the composite demonstrated stability in a (HA)PbX4 (HA = histamine, X = I, Br, Cl)‐saturated aqueous HX solution. The photogenerated electrons in (HA)PbX4 are efficiently transferred to the MoS2 sites, facilitating the reduction of protons to H2. In this study, the potential of hybrid 2D perovskite–MoS2 composites is highlighted as promising visible‐light photocatalysts for aqueous solution applications.
Movies on Ice: An ArtSci Perspective on Communicating Antarctic Ice in the Climate Emergency
Authors: Stevens Craig , O’Connor Gabby
Published: February 2024

In order to minimise future harm there is urgency in how our societies must respond to the accelerating climate emergency. Despite clear evidence of a changing planet, the response across the socio-political spectrum is varied and certainly not fast enough. The future of the polar ice caps is a highly visible theme in this evidence-response path, both in terms of climate mechanics and in the public’s awareness of ‘climate science’. Much of this public understanding comes through media and often via images and video which the viewer connects with what they have as a mental context. With future climate extremes being beyond our present experience, fictional movies provide a connection. Here we describe an art-science collaboration built around Antarctic ice-ocean field research viewed through the lens of watching movies in Polar field camps. The movies relate to life in camp and at home, climate extremes and planetary futures. The research produces results ranging from data and research papers on the environmental physics, through to climate-informed art viewed by the public in exhibitions as well as collaborative activity with the young people who face the growing challenges of a changing planet.
Model Development
Authors: Kulesza Alexander , Loewe Axel , Stenti Andrea , Nicolò Chiara , Morales-Orcajo Enrique , Courcelles Eulalie , Sips Fianne , Pappalardo Francesco , Russo Giulia , Horner Marc , Viceconti Marco , De Cunha Maluf-Burgman Martha , Lesage Raphaëlle , Kreuzer Steve
Published: February 2024

Good Simulation Practice implies that a computational model considered for a simulation task has also been developed according to good practice.
A novel search strategy for right-handed charged gauge bosons at the Large Hadron Collider
Authors: Frank Mariana , Fuks Benjamin , Jueid Adil , Moretti Stefano , Özdal Özer
Published: February 2024

Abstract

We explore the potential of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in detecting a signal originating from the production of a heavy SU(2)R charged gauge boson that then decays into a top-bottom quark pair via the mediation of a right-handed neutrino, pp → WR → NRℓ → (ℓ′tb)ℓ. Such a channel, that we study in the context of the minimal Left-Right Symmetric Model, contrasts with conventional smoking-gun signatures targeted experimentally and phenomenologically in which only light quarks are involved. We propose a selection strategy aimed at extracting such a top-bottom signal and we estimate the resulting sensitivity of the LHC to the model. Our results demonstrate the potential impact of such a search and we therefore urge the experimental collaborations to carry out a similar analysis in the light of present and future data.
From one to infinity: symmetries of integrable systems
Authors: Lou S. Y. , Jia Man
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Integrable systems constitute an essential part of modern physics. Traditionally, to approve a model is integrable one has to find its infinitely many symmetries or conserved quantities. In this letter, taking the well known Korteweg-de Vries and Boussinesq equations as examples, we show that it is enough to find only one nonlocal key-symmetry to guarantee the integrability. Starting from the nonlocal key-symmetry, recursion operator(s) and then infinitely many symmetries and Lax pairs can be successfully found.
Role of chromosomal cohesion and separation in aneuploidy and tumorigenesis
Authors: Pati Debananda
Published: February 2024

Cell division is a crucial process, and one of its essential steps involves copying the genetic material, which is organized into structures called chromosomes. Before a cell can divide into two, it needs to ensure that each newly copied chromosome is paired tightly with its identical twin. This pairing is maintained by a protein complex known as cohesin, which is conserved in various organisms, from single-celled ones to humans. Cohesin essentially encircles the DNA, creating a ring-like structure to handcuff, to keep the newly synthesized sister chromosomes together in pairs. Therefore, chromosomal cohesion and separation are fundamental processes governing the attachment and segregation of sister chromatids during cell division. Metaphase-to-anaphase transition requires dissolution of cohesins by the enzyme Separase. The tight regulation of these processes is vital for safeguarding genomic stability. Dysregulation in chromosomal cohesion and separation resulting in aneuploidy, a condition characterized by an abnormal chromosome count in a cell, is strongly associated with cancer. Aneuploidy is a recurring hallmark in many cancer types, and abnormalities in chromosomal cohesion and separation have been identified as significant contributors to various cancers, such as acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, colorectal, bladder, and other solid cancers. Mutations within the cohesin complex have been associated with these cancers, as they interfere with chromosomal segregation, genome organization, and gene expression, promoting aneuploidy and contributing to the initiation of malignancy. In summary, chromosomal cohesion and separation processes play a pivotal role in preserving genomic stability, and aberrations in these mechanisms can lead to aneuploidy and cancer. Gaining a deeper understanding of the molecular intricacies of chromosomal cohesion and separation offers promising prospects for the development of innovative therapeutic approaches in the battle against cancer.
Saw-box osteotomy versus reamer-box osteotomy in posterior stabilized total knee arthroplasty: a retrospective study of an average five year follow-up
Authors: Abdelbadie Ahmed , Toreih Ahmed A. , El-Adawy Moawed F. , Arafa Mohamed S.
Published: February 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to compare the difference of results between two methods of femoral box osteotomy adopted by two designs of posterior stabilized total knee prostheses.

Patients and methods

Retrospective analysis of the results of two groups of patients operated upon using two primary PS TKA systems, PFC Sigma (DePuy Synthes, Johnson and Johnson®) and Genesis II prosthesis (Smith and Nephew®), with an average of five year follow-up was done. Group 1 included 152 knees in 121 patients and group 2 included 122 knees in 111 patients. The average follow-up period in both groups was five years. The box osteotomy method depends on bone saw in group 1, and bone reamer in group 2.

Results

The KSS score of group 2 was better in the first six months postoperatively. Then, no significant differences were seen in the remaining follow-up visits. The risk of periprosthetic fractures was significantly higher in group 1 (p-value 0.040). Survival analysis showed a significantly shorter time for reoperation in group 1 than in group 2 as described by log-rank test, (p < 0.006).

Conclusion

The method of box cutting has an impact on the function and longevity of posterior stabilized primary knee implants. The risk of periprosthetic fractures can be reduced by proper patient selection, decreasing the box sizes, and development of more “controlled” box osteotomy instruments.
Systemic interrogation of immune-oncology-related proteins in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer undergoing androgen deprivation and intensity-modulated radiotherapy
Authors: Guldvik Ingrid Jenny , Ramberg Håkon , Kristensen Gitte , Røder Andreas , Mills Ian G. , Lilleby Wolfgang , Taskén Kristin Austlid
Published: February 2024

Purpose

The primary objective was to establish whether blood-based leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein (LRG1) can predict outcomes in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer undergoing androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) and radiotherapy (RT) and to determine how it may relate to 92 immune-oncology (I-O)-related proteins in this setting.

Methods

Baseline blood level of LRG1 from patients treated with ADT and RT enrolled in the CuPCa (n = 128) and IMRT (n = 81) studies was measured using ELISA. A longitudinal cohort with matched blood samples from start of ADT, start of RT, and end of RT protocol from 47 patients from the IMRT cohort was used to establish levels of I-O proteins by high-multiplexing Proximal Extension Assay by Olink Proteomics.

Statistical analyses using Kaplan–Meier, Cox regression, and LIMMA analyses were applied to predict the prognostic value of LRG1 and its correlation to I-O proteins.

Results

High baseline levels of LRG1 predicted a low frequency of treatment failure in patients undergoing ADT + RT in both the CuPCa and the IMRT cohorts. LRG1 was moderately correlated with CD4, IL6, and CSF1. We identified I-O proteins predicting metastatic failure (MF) at different timepoints.

Conclusion

LRG1 biomarker is associated with I-O proteins and can be used to improve stratification and monitoring of prostate cancer patients undergoing ADT + RT. This work will require further in-depth analyses in independent cohorts with treatment outcome data.

Graphical abstract

Study outline. A) Study cohorts. B) Sampling time points in a longitudinal cohort.
The Lavrentiev phenomenon in calculus of variations with differential forms
Authors: Balci Anna Kh. , Surnachev Mikhail
Published: February 2024

In this article we study convex non-autonomous variational problems with differential forms and corresponding function spaces. We introduce a general framework for constructing counterexamples to the Lavrentiev gap, which we apply to several models, including the double phase, borderline case of double phase potential, and variable exponent. The results for the borderline case of double phase potential provide new insights even for the scalar case, i.e., variational problems with 0-forms.
Elucidating molecular mechanisms and therapeutic synergy: irreversible HER2-TKI plus T-Dxd for enhanced anti-HER2 treatment of gastric cancer
Authors: Liu Jiankun , Zhu Tienian , Zhao Ruijing , Ren Wenjun , Zhao Fei , Liu Jingpu
Published: February 2024

Background

HER2-targeted therapies have improved the outcomes of HER2-positive gastric cancer (GC), yet resistance remains a challenge. We sought to explore the effects of reversible and irreversible HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) alone or in combination with the HER2-targeting antibody drug conjugate trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-Dxd).

Methods

The effects of HER2-TKIs on HER2 and downstream signaling were evaluated via Western blotting. Proteasomal inhibitors and co-immunoprecipitation assays were performed to explore the role of proteasomal degradation in HER2 expression modulation, and immunofluorescence assays were employed to explore mechanisms of HER2 internalization. The synergistic potential of the irreversible HER2-TKI pyrotinib in combination with T-Dxd was validated using growth and viability assays in anti-HER2-positive GC cell cultures and tumor growth and immunohistochemical staining assays in a mouse xenograft model.

Results

Our study revealed that reversible HER2-TKIs elevated HER2 protein levels, whereas irreversible HER2-TKIs decreased them. Pyrotinib triggered HER2 degradation within the proteasome by promoting ubiquitination and dissociation from HSP90. Furthermore, pyrotinib substantially induced HER2 internalization, which led to improved cellular uptake of T-Dxd. The increased T-Dxd uptake was accompanied by greater efficacy in suppressing the growth of GC cells and enhanced anti-tumor effects in an animal model.

Conclusion

In summary, our research reveals the molecular mechanisms of irreversible HER2-TKIs in regulating HER2 protein expression by promoting HER2 internalization. These findings advance our comprehension of targeted therapy for GC and provide a promising therapeutic combination strategy with enhanced efficacy against HER2-positive GC.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors and risk of immune-mediated adverse events: a cohort study comparing extended versus standard interval administration
Authors: Lessard-Roy Amélia , Marchand Roxanne , Lemieux Pierre , Masse Mélanie , Lacerte Alexandre , Carmichael Pierre-Hugues , Laurin Danielle
Published: February 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic precipitated the implementation of extended interval immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in an effort to limit hospital visits, but few studies have examined their safety. This study aimed to compare in oncology outpatients, immune-mediated adverse events (IMAEs) in terms of total number, incidence, severity, and time to occurrence, based on exposure to standard or extended interval ICIs. A retrospective cohort study was conducted in patients who received at least one dose of an ICI between 2015 and 2021. Data were collected from patient records and pharmacy software. Adjusted logistic, Poisson, and Cox regression models were estimated. A total of 310 patients with a mean age of 67.1 years were included, 130 of whom had the extended interval. No statistically significant differences were observed between the groups. With the standard and extended intervals, the mean total number of IMAE per participant was 1.02 and 1.18, respectively; the incidence of an IMAE was 62% and 64%. Of the 147 IMAE episodes in the standard interval group, 14 (9.5%) were grade 3 or higher, while there were 15 (12.4%) among the 121 IMAE episodes in the extended interval group. Compared with standard interval, the use of extended interval did not increase the risk of having a first IMAE (adjusted hazard ratio 0.92 (95% CI 0.67–1.26)). This study suggests that the administration of an ICI according to extended interval is as safe as the administration according to standard interval in oncology outpatients.
Halved contrast medium dose coronary dual-layer CT-angiography – phantom study of tube current and patient characteristics
Authors: Kristiansen C. H. , Tetteroo P. M. , Dobrolinska M. M. , Lauritzen P. M. , Velthuis B. K. , Greuter M.J.W. , Suchá D. , de Jong P.A. , van der Werf N.R.
Published: February 2024

Virtual mono-energetic images (VMI) using dual-layer computed tomography (DLCT) enable substantial contrast medium (CM) reductions. However, the combined impact of patient size, tube voltage, and heart rate (HR) on VMI of coronary CT angiography (CCTA) remains unknown. This phantom study aimed to assess VMI levels achieving comparable contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) in CCTA at 50% CM dose across varying tube voltages, patient sizes, and HR, compared to the reference protocol (100% CM dose, conventional at 120 kVp). A 5 mm artificial coronary artery with 100% (400 HU) and 50% (200 HU) iodine CM-dose was positioned centrally in an anthropomorphic thorax phantom. Horizontal coronary movement was matched to HR (at 0, < 60, 60–75, > 75 bpm), with varying patient sizes simulated using phantom extension rings. Raw data was acquired using a clinical CCTA protocol at 120 and 140 kVp (five repetitions). VMI images (40–70 keV, 5 keV steps) were then reconstructed; non-overlapping 95% CNR confidence intervals indicated significant differences from the reference. Higher CM-dose, reduced VMI, slower HR, higher tube voltage, and smaller patient sizes demonstrated a trend of higher CNR. Regardless of HR, patient size, and tube voltage, no significant CNR differences were found compared to the reference, with 100% CM dose at 60 keV, or 50% CM dose at 40 keV. DLCT reconstructions at 40 keV from 120 to 140 kVp acquisitions facilitate 50% CM dose reduction for various patient sizes and HR with equivalent CNR to conventional CCTA at 100% CM dose, although clinical validation is needed.
The moderating effect of creative metacognition on adolescents’ risk-taking in creative performance
Authors: Woo Jungmin , Lee Seon-Young
Published: February 2024

Research has demonstrated the crucial role of creative metacognition and risk-taking in creativity. However, little empirical research has examined how creative metacognition and risk-taking work on creative performance in educational practice. This paper explored the moderating effects of creative metacognition on the relationships between different types of risk-taking (i.e., propensity for taking a risk, willingness to take a risk) and creative performance (i.e., general creativity, originality, usefulness) in a middle school context. The sample consisted of 350 7th- and 8th-grade students from three middle schools. They completed a survey and  a creative performance task. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that creative metacognition moderated the relationships between willingness to take a risk and both originality and usefulness. The results indicated that creative metacognition reinforces the positive effect of risk-taking on originality and mitigates the negative effect of risk-taking on usefulness. Our findings suggest a potential role for creative metacognition in enhancing curriculum-based creative performance in middle schools. In the end, practical implications, limitations, and future directions are discussed.
A novel score system to evaluate carbonate reservoir combining microscale and macroscale parameters
Authors: Xu Huilin , Wang Guanqun , Xu Wei , Luo Wenjun , Han Dan , Xiong Zhao , Xiao Fan , Shao Haipeng , Yan Jucai , Long Wei
Published: February 2024

The central Sichuan Basin, located in western China, holds great significance in terms of hydrocarbon production, especially in relation to complex carbonate reservoirs, notably the Qixia Formation of the Middle Permian epoch. However, the comprehensive evaluation of this geological formation presents considerable challenges due to complex lithology, limited availability of reservoir property data at various scales, inadequacies in data integration, and the absence of a reliable reservoir ranking system for development decision making. Previous studies primarily relying on conventional data at the reservoir level, such as well logs and geological information, have proven insufficient in accurately characterizing the reservoir. This is especially evident without precise lithological information and detailed knowledge of microscale properties, which are crucial for effective reservoir evaluation. To address these challenges, this study integrates advanced technologies like X-ray diffraction, micro-CT and scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques in digital drill cutting analysis at the microscale. A novel scoring system has been developed using a prominent component analysis (PCA) approach and an expert scoring system, which incorporates existing conventional well log data and digital cutting analysis. This scoring system has been validated using actual production data, thus establishing a robust evaluation methodology for assessing the exploration potential and optimizing development strategies for carbonate gas reservoirs in the Qixia Formation. The innovative approach, which incorporates parameters at both micro- and macroscales, holds promising potential in facilitating future exploration and development efforts.