bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A behavior model for blood donors and marketing strategies to retain and attract them
Authors: Aldamiz-echevarria Covadonga , Aguirre-Garcia Maria Soledad
Published: July 2014

OBJECTIVE: analyze and propose a theoretical model that describes blood donor decisions to help staff working in blood banks (nurses and others) in their efforts to capture and retain donors.METHODS: analysis of several studies on the motivations to give blood in Spain over the last six years, as well as past literature on the topic, the authors' experiences in the last 25 years in over 15 Non Governmental Organizations with different levels of responsibilities, their experiences as blood donors and the informal interviews developed during those 25 years.RESULTS: a model is proposed with different internal and external factors that influence blood donation, as well as the different stages of the decision-making process.CONCLUSION: the knowledge of the donation process permits the development of marketing strategies that help to increase donors and donations.
O papel do APQP - Advanced Planning for Product Quality no desenvolvimento de produtos: análise de casos na relação montadora-autopeças
Authors: Rocha Juliana Rossi Pereira , Salerno Mario Sergio
Published: July 2014

O desenvolvimento de produto realizado entre montadora de veículos e fornecedor requer atenção especial na gestão do processo e na interação entre empresas. O artigo discute uma das metodologias mais utilizadas nessa indústria, o planejamento avançado da qualidade de novos produtos (APQP), identificando seus usos e as condições que potencialmente melhoram a gestão do processo de desenvolvimento do produto. Foi desenvolvido através de estudos de casos da indústria automotiva, quando foi identificado que atrasos por parte da montadora dificultam a gestão do processo. O fornecedor, ao trabalhar próximo da montadora, acompanha de perto informações que possibilitam administrar atrasos e prazos comprimidos, muitas vezes antecipando-se a formalizações da montadora. Isso tem custos adicionais e revela que o APQP se torna elemento da gestão dos prazos, mas não impede falhas internas na montadora ou na qualidade.
Avaliação da qualidade de serviço terceirizado de manutenção em edifício comercial: o caso de uma organização pública
Authors: Pinto Ricardo Lopes , Gouvêa Maria Aparecida , Oliveira Braulio
Published: July 2014

O objetivo deste artigo é identificar, no âmbito de uma organização pública, indicadores que possibilitem uma avaliação da qualidade do serviço terceirizado de manutenção de um edifício comercial segundo as perspectivas dos usuários, dos fiscais de contratos de serviços terceirizados e dos responsáveis pelos prestadores de serviços terceirizados. O modelo de Brady e Cronin Junior (2001, p. 37-38) norteou a realização de pesquisas qualitativas para os três segmentos e quantitativa junto aos usuários. Por meio da técnica estatística de modelagem de equações estruturais, obteve-se a definição dos constructos e dos indicadores diretamente relevantes para a aferição da qualidade percebida do serviço.
Desenvolvimento e validação da versão brasileira do Diagnóstico do Trabalho (Job Diagnostic Survey) de Hackman e Oldham
Authors: Pedroso Bruno , Kovaleski Aurélio , Ferreira Camila Lopes , Pilatti Luiz Alberto , Gutierrez Gustavo Luis , Picinin Claudia Tania
Published: July 2014

O presente estudo teve por objetivo desenvolver e validar a versão brasileira do instrumento Diagnóstico do Trabalho de Hackman e Oldham. O processo de tradução e adaptação cultural do instrumento seguiu o procedimento adotado pelo Instrumento de Avaliação de Qualidade de Vida da Organização Mundial da Saúde - WHOQOL na elaboração das versões traduzidas dos instrumentos WHOQOL. O coeficiente alfa de Cronbach apresentou valores significativos para todas as dimensões avaliadas. Com relação à validade de critério, todas as dimensões apresentaram correlações significativas entre si. No que concerne à validade concorrente, inferiu-se que a correlação entre média das dimensões do Diagnóstico do Trabalho com o escore global do Instrumento de Avaliação da Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho de Walton foi significativa. A confiabilidade teste-reteste mostrou que em nenhuma das dimensões houve variação significativa e em todas as dimensões o índice de correlação entre ambas as aplicações demonstrou-se significativo. A versão brasileira do instrumento Diagnóstico do Trabalho de Hackman e Oldham foi validada, apresentando propriedades psicométricas satisfatórias, mantendo as características originais do instrumento.
Aplicação de procedimentos do planejamento estratégico situacional (PES) para estruturação de problemas no âmbito empresarial: estudos de casos múltiplos
Authors: Rieg Denise Luciana , Scramim Fernando Cezar Leandro , Raimundo Danilo de Oliveira , Zau Viviane Cavalcante , Calazans Wilson Roberto
Published: July 2014

O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar a aplicação e a utilidade de alguns procedimentos previstos no PES, desenvolvido inicialmente para a gestão pública, para estruturar e resolver problemas no âmbito das empresas privadas. Trata-se de um trabalho de natureza exploratória, descritiva, desenvolvido a partir da abordagem de estudo de casos múltiplos. São apresentados três casos da aplicação parcial do PES. Mais especificamente, foram aplicados os procedimentos previstos nos momentos explicativo e normativo do PES para atacar, no primeiro caso, o problema relacionado à motivação dos funcionários no setor de qualidade assegurada em uma empresa automobilística. No segundo caso, a aplicação parcial do PES, realizada na mesma empresa automobilística, voltou-se para a estruturação de problemas de instabilidade do produto final da linha de produção de armação de carrocerias dos automóveis. O terceiro caso aplicou os procedimentos da metodologia PES para tratar do problema referente ao plano de carreira em uma empresa de serviços de manutenção elétrica, instrumentação e mecânica. Nos três casos analisados, o ganho principal na utilização destes procedimentos previstos no PES foi promover a reflexão conjunta dos funcionários sobre as situações problemáticas sendo tratadas, proporcionando-lhes maior entendimento dessas situações e a possibilidade de enxergar alternativas de ações para revertê-las.
Análise das práticas de sustentabilidade utilizadas na gestão da cadeia de suprimentos: pesquisa de campo no setor automotivo brasileiro
Authors: Vanalle Rosangela Maria , Santos Leandro Blanco dos
Published: July 2014

O desequilíbrio ambiental decorrente de ações do homem sobre o meio ambiente obrigou os principais governos do mundo a incluir questões ambientais nas suas reuniões. Este desequilíbrio é consequência do consumo descontrolado dos recursos naturais e da geração de resíduos e emissões atmosféricas que se intensificaram desde a revolução industrial. Este estudo tem como objetivo identificar e analisar as práticas mais valorizadas de sustentabilidade, os fatores relacionados ao desempenho ambiental, financeiro e operacional considerados no processo de seleção e desenvolvimento de fornecedores de empresas integrantes de cadeias de suprimentos no setor automotivo brasileiro. O setor automotivo foi escolhido pelo fato de ter sido referência com relação às práticas de qualidade e pelo fato de possuir grande influência entre as empresas participantes de sua cadeia de suprimentos, facilitando, assim, a disseminação de práticas sustentáveis. O método utilizado foi uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o assunto e uma pesquisa de campo exploratório-descritiva. O instrumento para coleta de dados das empresas foi um questionário, utilizando uma escala de Likert de 5 pontos. Os dados foram tratados por meio de estatística descritiva, coeficientes alfa de Cronbach e testes de hipóteses. Como resultado, foram identificadas as práticas de sustentabilidade mais valorizadas e os fatores considerados no processo de seleção e desenvolvimento de fornecedores pelas empresas. Os resultados obtidos servem como base de direcionamento para novos estudos sobre o assunto e contribuem com a literatura sobre o tema.
Identificação de pontos de controle no ciclo de desenvolvimento de produto por meio de modelagem conceitual e mapeamento da informação
Authors: Gomes Leonardo Geraldo de Oliveira , Pereira Andrea Franco
Published: July 2014

A complexidade do sistema produtivo e o conteúdo da informação relacionada a ele são os principais elementos deste trabalho. Traz como fio condutor a tentativa do melhor entendimento desta complexidade e da possibilidade do mapeamento e da representação da informação circulante em um sistema para a otimização de seu gerenciamento. O estudo ganha relevância ao se aproximar das atuais discussões e atitudes emergentes no tocante à sustentabilidade, principalmente nas áreas de desenvolvimento de produtos eco-orientados e no gerenciamento dos ciclos de vida. A proposta fundamenta-se na busca pela forma de representar a complexidade envolvida nos sistemas associados ao desenvolvimento do produto, de maneira a possibilitar a otimização da observação e do controle ao longo do seu ciclo de vida. Esta representação, necessariamente de alto nível, deve apresentar diagramas completos com possibilidades de evolução em detrimento das representações gráficas de baixa complexidade comumente utilizados, caracterizadas pelo reducionismo representativo. Procura-se o controle, o mais fino possível, da cadeia produtiva, objetivando maior organização, produtividade e conhecimento detalhado sobre um produto. O mapeamento da complexidade e a identificação dos pontos de controle propiciam um entendimento otimizado do ciclo de vida. Uma possibilidade de tratar a representação deste ciclo de maneira sistêmica, sem o perigo de uma redução em nível crítico da complexidade, está no uso da modelagem conceitual.
Métodos de cotação e negociação na cadeia de suprimentos de autopeças brasileira e os custos de transação
Authors: Genaro Edélcio , Hilsdorf Wilson de Castro , Sampaio Mauro
Published: July 2014

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo principal identificar quais são os métodos de cotação e negociação de preços predominantes na cadeia de suprimentos de autopeças brasileira. Ainda dentro do escopo do trabalho, buscou-se determinar como as características dos métodos de cotação e negociação de preços utilizados na cadeia de suprimentos de autopeças brasileira afetam os custos de transação. O interesse recaiu sobre a cadeia de suprimentos de autopeças do Brasil devido à sua complexidade, atualização tecnológica e crescimento acentuado nos últimos anos. Para alcançar os objetivos foi executada pesquisa tipo survey, com questionário enviado aos gestores da área de supply chain das 100 maiores empresas fabricantes de autopeças. Das respostas obtidas concluiu-se que as maiores empresas da cadeia de suprimentos de autopeças em termos de faturamento, com capital multinacional, empregam uma gama mais variada e estruturada de métodos de cotação e negociação de preços para aquisição de materiais diretos. Por outro lado as empresas de capital nacional empregam majoritariamente métodos mais simples de cotação e negociação de preço. O trabalho apresenta também, com base nas características principais dos métodos de cotação e negociação identificados, a percepção dos gestores de supply chain das empresas pesquisadas acerca da influência dessas características nos custos de transação.
Análise de robustez com o método Electre III: o caso da região de Campo das Vertentes em Minas Gerais
Authors: Infante Carlos Eduardo Durange de Carvalho , Mendonça Fabricio Molica de , Valle Rogerio de Aragão Bastos do
Published: July 2014

Este estudo buscou aplicar o Electre III para classificar quatro aglomerados produtivos de micro e pequena empresa, localizados no Estado de Minas Gerais, em relação à capacidade de desenvolver estratégia de sobrevivência, por meio do relacionamento com o fornecedor, com o cliente ou distribuidor, com os concorrentes e com instituições públicas e privadas de apoio. O efeito conjunto dessas variáveis é que define a capacidade que eles possuem de desenvolver estratégias competitivas. Os resultados permitiram concluir que o agrupamento de produtores de artefatos em madeira de demolição é o que está mais articulado em relação ao conjunto de fatores de sucesso de um aglomerado, seguido pelos aglomerados de produtos em teares e em ferro, que se apresentam indiferentes entre si. O aglomerado de artefatos em estanho apresentou o último lugar, mostrando menor capacidade, por parte das empresas, em desenvolver estratégias conjuntas de sobrevivência. A Análise de Robustez foi realizada para garantir o resultado obtido com a aplicação, confirmando o ordenamento inicial.
Efeito heterótico nas partes não-integrantes a carcaça de novilhos terminados em confinamento
Authors: Cattelam Jonatas , Brondani Ivan Luiz , Alves Filho Dari Celestino , Argenta Flânia Mônego , Siqueira Junior Vicente , Martini Patrícia Machado
Published: July 2014

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito heterótico sobre as partes não-integrantes da carcaça de novilhos do cruzamento entre as raças Charolês (Ch) e Nelore (Ne) e cruzados entre essas raças de quinta (21/32Ch 11/32Ne; 21/32Ne 11/32Ch) e sexta (43/64Ch 21/64Ne; 43/64Ne 21/64Ch) gerações, terminados em confinamento. O efeito heterótico foi positivo para pesos de abate e corpo vazio em todas as gerações, cabeça na quinta (1,29 kg) e sexta (1,04 kg) gerações e orelhas na quinta geração (0,17 kg). Houve efeito heterótico em ambas as gerações para rúmen-retículo e intestinos e abomaso na quinta geração. Em peso absoluto, houve efeito heterótico para coração, pulmões, rins e baço (0,14; 0,11; 0,55 e 0,16 kg, respectivamente) na quinta geração e para pulmões (0,61 kg) na sexta geração. O efeito heterótico foi positivo para gorduras renal, do coração e do trato digestório em ambas as gerações e gordura inguinal na sexta geração. Em relação ao peso de corpo vazio, houve efeito heterótico para couro, em ambas as gerações, orelhas na quinta geração e gordura de coração e sangue, na sexta geração. Novilhos cruzados apresentam maiores pesos dos diferentes conjuntos dos componentes externos à carcaça em relação a animais definidos das raças Charolês e Nelore.
Factors affecting heat tolerance in crossbred cattle in central Brazil
Authors: Mcmanus Concepta Margaret , Louvandini Helder , Paim Tiago Prado , Silva Flávia Cristina Paula e , Bernal Francisco Ernesto Moreno
Published: July 2014

This study compared the adaptation traits in common crosses of crossbred dairy cattle in central Brazil. Twenty animals of each of three genetic groups were used: zebu (Bos indicus), Simmental x Zebu (SZ) and Holstein x Zebu (HZ). The test measured variations in rectal temperature (RT), respiration rate (RR) and heart rate (HR) of animals in the shade and after exposure to the sun, as well as mean daily milk production throughout the lactation period. The procedure was repeated three times. There were significant interactions between test group and genetic group for the traits investigated and the correlations among traits were low. The RR of the crossbred groups may be controlling body temperature in such a way as not to cause an increase in RT. Milk production influenced RR in crossbred cows exposed to the sun, confirming their poorer adaptation in comparison with zebu cows. We observed that the adaptation can be measured in terms of production within the same genetic group. In conclusion, the crosses with European breeds produced more milk than zebu, although they were influenced by heat/solar radiation.
Eficiência da fertilização fosfatada e nitrogenada em cultivares de milheto
Authors: Silva Alzira Gabriela da , França Aldi Fernandes de Souza , Miyagi Eliane Sayuri , Dambros Carlos Eduardo , Lopes Fernando Brito
Published: July 2014

Objetivou-se avaliar a produção de massa seca (PMS) da planta inteira, determinar o nitrogênio contido (NC) no tecido da planta, a eficiência de conversão aparente do nitrogênio (ECAN) e a recuperação aparente do nitrogênio (RAN) de cultivares de milheto forrageiro submetidos às fontes de fósforo e doses de nitrogênio. O experimento realizado no ano agrícola de 2008 constou de um fatorial 2 × 3 × 4, em arranjo de blocos completos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pelos cultivares ADR- 7010; ADR-500 e BRS-1501, pelas fontes de fósforo superfosfato simples (SS) e termofosfato (TF), as quais foram aplicadas na dose de 70 kg.ha-1 e doses de N (0; 40; 80 e 160 kg.ha-¹ sob forma de uréia). A análise estatística revelou ausência de interações significativas entre as variáveis. Entre os cultivares avaliados, a melhor produção (P<0,05) foi a do cultivar ADR-7010 (1175,9 kg.ha-1 de MS), o superfosfato simples apresentou resultados superiores. O incremento de N promoveu aumentos produtivos, a sucessão dos cortes reduziu a produção de MS. Houve diferença (P<0,05) para NC, sendo que, à medida que as doses de N foram elevadas, houve acréscimo linear do NC com valor máximo de 42,7 kg de N extraído. A ECAN e RAN diminuiu em função do acréscimo do nutriente, com valores máximos de 10,7 kg.ha-1 e 33,4% na dose referente a 40 kg.ha-1 de N. A fertilização nitrogenada promoveu incrementos na produção de massa seca dos cultivares de milheto.
Transverse effect of Haas and Hyrax appliances on the upper dental arch in patients with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate: A comparative study
Authors: Façanha Anna Júlia de Oliveira , Lara Tulio Silva , Garib Daniela Gamba , Silva Filho Omar Gabriel da
Published: July 2014

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the transverse effect of rapid maxillary expansion in patients with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate while comparing the Haas and Hyrax appliances. Methods: The sample consisted of 48 patients divided into two groups: Group I - 25 patients treated with modified Haas appliance (mean age: 10 years 8 months); and Group II - 23 patients treated with Hyrax appliance (mean age: 10 years 6 months). Casts were taken during pre-expansion and after removal of the appliance at the end of the retention period. The models were scanned with the aid of the 3 Shape R700 3D scanner. Initial and final transverse distances were measured at cusp tips and cervical-palatal points of maxillary teeth by using the Ortho Analyzer(tm) 3D software. Results: The mean expansion obtained between cusp tips and cervical-palatal points for inter-canine width was 4.80 mm and 4.35 mm with the Haas appliance and 5.91 mm and 5.91 mm with the Hyrax appliance. As for first premolars or first deciduous molars, the values obtained were 6.46 mm and 5.90 mm in the Haas group and 7.11 mm and 6.65 mm in the Hyrax group. With regard to first molars, values were 6.11 mm and 5.24 mm in the Haas group and 7.55 mm and 6.31 mm in the Hyrax group. Conclusion: Rapid maxillary expansion significantly increased the transverse dimensions of the upper dental arch in patients with cleft palate, with no significant differences between the Hass and Hyrax expanders.
Bibliometric analysis of scientific articles published in Brazilian and international orthodontic journals over a 10-year period
Authors: Primo Neudí Antonio , Gazzola Vivian Bertoglio , Primo Bruno Tochetto , Tovo Maximiano Ferreira , Faraco Junior Italo Medeiros
Published: July 2014

Objective: This study aimed at describing the profiles of Brazilian and international studies published in orthodontic journals. Methods: The sample comprised 635 articles selected from two scientific journals, i.e., Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics and American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, which were analyzed at three different intervals over a 10-year period (1999 - 2004 - 2009). Articles were described in terms of knowledge domain, study design, and country of origin (or state of origin for Brazilian papers). Results: The most frequent study designs adopted in international studies were cohort (23.9%) and cross-sectional (21.7%) designs. Among Brazilian papers, cross-sectional studies (28.9%) and literature reviews (24.6%) showed greater frequency. The topics most often investigated were dental materials (17%) and treatment devices (12.4%) in international articles, with the latter topic being addressed by 16% of the Brazilian publications, followed by malocclusion, with 12.6%. In all cases, the most frequent countries of origin coincided with the countries of origin of each journal. Conclusions: The majority of the studies analyzed featured a low level of scientific evidence. Moreover, the findings showed that journals tend to publish studies produced in their own country of origin, and that there are marked discrepancies in the number of papers published by different Brazilian states.
Photometric analysis of esthetically pleasant and unpleasant facial profile
Authors: Fortes Helena Nunes da Rocha , Guimarães Thamirys Correia , Belo Ivana Mara Lira , Matta Edgard Norões Rodrigues da
Published: July 2014

Objective: To identify which linear, angular and proportionality measures could influence a profile to be considered esthetically pleasant or unpleasant, and to assess sexual dimorphism. Methods: 150 standardized facial profile photographs of dental students of both sexes were obtained and printed on photographic paper. Ten plastic surgeons, ten orthodontists and ten layperson answered a questionnaire characterizing each profile as pleasant, acceptable or unpleasant. With the use of a score system, the 15 most pleasant and unpleasant profiles of each sex were selected. The photographs were scanned into AutoCAD computer software. Linear, angular and proportion measurements were obtained using the software tools. The average values between groups were compared by the Student's t-test and the Mann-Whitney test at 5%. Results: The linear measures LL-S, LL-H, LL-E, LL-B and Pn-H showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). Statistical differences were also found in the angular measures G'.Pn.Pg', G'.Sn.Pg' and Sn.Me'.C and in the proportions G'-Sn:Sn-Me' and Sn-Gn':Gn'-C (p < 0.05). Differences between sexes were found for the linear measure Ala-Pn, angles G'-Pg'.N-Pn, Sn.Me'.C, and proportions Gn'-Sn:Sn-Me' and Ala-Pn:N'-Sn. (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The anteroposterior position of the lower lip, the amount of nose that influences the profile, facial convexity, total vertical proportion and lip-chin proportion appear to influence pleasantness of facial profile. Sexual dimorphism was identified in nasal length, nasofacial and lower third of the face angles, total vertical and nasal height/length proportions.
Comparison of topical and infiltration anesthesia for orthodontic mini-implant placement
Authors: Valieri Matheus Miotello , Freitas Karina Maria Salvatore de , Valarelli Fabricio Pinelli , Cançado Rodrigo Hermont
Published: July 2014

Objective: To compare the acceptability and effectiveness of topical and infiltration anesthesia for placement of mini-implants used as temporary anchorage devices. Methods: The sample comprised 40 patients, 17 males and 23 females, whose mean age was 26 years old and who were all undergoing orthodontic treatment and in need for anchorage reinforcement. Mini-implants were bilaterally placed in the maxilla of all individuals, with infiltration anesthesia on one side and topical anesthesia on the other. These 40 patients completed two questionnaires, one before and another after mini-implant placement and pain was measured through a visual analog scale (VAS). The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the measurements of pain were compared by means of the non-parametric test of Mann-Whitney. Results: It was found that 60% of patients felt more comfortable with the use of topical anesthesia for mini-implant placement; 72.5% of patients described the occurrence of pressure during placement of the anchorage device as the most unpleasant sensation of the entire process; 62.5% of patients felt more pain with the use of topical anesthesia. Conclusion: It was concluded that patients had less pain with the use of infiltration anesthesia, and also preferred this type of anesthetic.
Nicotine effect on bone remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement: Histological study in rats
Authors: Shintcovsk Ricardo Lima , Knop Luégya , Tanaka Orlando Motohiro , Maruo Hiroshi
Published: July 2014

Introduction: Nicotine is harmful to angiogenesis, osteogenesis and synthesis of collagen. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of nicotine on bone remodeling during orthodontic movement in rats. Methods: Eighty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: Group C (control), group CM (with orthodontic movement) and group NM (nicotine with orthodontic movement) groups. The animals comprising groups C and CM received 0.9% saline solution while group NM received nicotine solution (2 mg/kg). A nickel-titanium closed-coil spring was used to induce tooth movement. The animals were euthanized and tissue specimens were processed histologically. We quantified blood vessels, Howship's lacunae and osteoclast-like cells present in the tension and compression areas of periodontal ligaments. The extent of bone formation was evaluated under polarized light to determine the percentage of immature/mature collagen. Results: We observed lower blood vessel densities in the NM group in comparison to the CM group, three (p < 0.001) and seven (p < 0.05) days after force application. Osteoclast-like cells and Howship's lacunae in the NM group presented lower levels of expression in comparison to the CM group, with significant differences on day 7 (p < 0.05 for both variables) and day 14 (p < 0.05 for osteoclast-like cells and p < 0.01 for Howship's lacunae). The percentage of immature collagen increased in the NM group in comparison to the CM group with a statistically significant difference on day 3 (p < 0.05), day 7 (p < 0.001), day 14 (p < 0.001) and day 21 (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Nicotine affects bone remodeling during orthodontic movement, reducing angiogenesis, osteoclast-like cells and Howship's lacunae, thereby delaying the collagen maturation process in developed bone matrix.
Class I malocclusion with anterior crossbite and severe crowding
Authors: Ritter Daltro Enéas
Published: July 2014

This article reports the orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning carried out with a 14-year and 5-month-old female patient with esthetic and functional complaints. She presented an Angle Class I malocclusion, anterior crossbite and severe crowding in both maxillary and mandibular arches, in addition to a lightly concave straight facial profile. Orthodontic treatment did not require extraction. Crossbite was corrected by protrusion of upper teeth, which contributed to alignment and leveling of teeth, in addition to improving the patient's facial profile. The case was presented to the Brazilian Board of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics (BBO) as a requirement for the BBO certification.
Potencialidades e limites das explicações evolutivas da cultura: um enfoque diacrônico
Authors: Baravalle Lorenzo
Published: July 2014

O artigo tem como objetivo a apresentação de algumas propostas relacionadas com a extensão do domínio do darwinismo ao âmbito cultural. Em particular, foi dado destaque aos modelos aqui chamados diacrônicos, que sugerem a existência de padrões de mudança cultural ao longo do tempo, conforme a teoria da seleção natural. Por meio de uma análise epistemológica de caráter mais geral, considera-se a relação entre explicação evolutiva e explicação histórica, com a finalidade de esboçar características comuns aos modelos considerados e definir sua força teórica e seus limites estruturais. Finalmente, em um plano mais especulativo, indica-se uma possível direção de pesquisa para estudos futuros.
Cuidados biomédicos de saúde em Angola e na Companhia de Diamantes de Angola, c. 1910-1970
Authors: Varanda Jorge
Published: July 2014

Pretende-se caracterizar a prestação de cuidados biomédicos em Angola durante a atividade da Companhia de Diamantes de Angola. Uma análise comparativa de políticas e práticas de saúde pública de vários atores coloniais, como os serviços de saúde da Companhia, sua congénere do Estado e outras empresas coloniais, revelará diferenças de investimento na saúde, isto é, instalações e pessoal de saúde, e tratamentos. Este escrutínio bem como as condições de vida iluminarão o carácter idiossincrático e central dos serviços de saúde da Companhia em termos de morbimortalidade em Angola, e a centralidade destes para as representações de um império cuidador.
A Assistência da Colónia Portuguesa do Brasil, 1918-1973
Authors: Costa Luís Manuel Neves
Published: July 2014

Este artigo pretende resgatar a memória histórica de uma instituição de saúde em Portugal que se reconfigurou e adaptou às necessidades e preocupações sociais e médicas no decorrer do século XX. Traçar o percurso desta instituição contribui para a história da medicina portuguesa e, ao mesmo tempo, para a história da filantropia da colónia portuguesa radicada no Brasil e dos “brasileiros de torna viagem” que, pelas suas remessas financeiras, tornaram possível uma instituição de saúde de referência no século XXI. A metodologia seguida nesta investigação assentou na pesquisa de arquivo em Portugal (Coimbra, Fundação Bissaya Barreto) e no Brasil (Rio de Janeiro, Real Gabinete Português de Leitura) e no cruzamento destas fontes primárias com a devida contextualização histórica e social.
Hospitalized patients with COPD: analysis of prior treatment
Authors: Giacomelli Irai Luis , Steidle Leila John Marques , Moreira Frederico Fernandes , Meyer Igor Varela , Souza Ricardo Goetten , Pincelli Mariângela Pimentel
Published: July 2014

Objective: Although COPD is a prevalent disease, it is undertreated, and there are no available data regarding previous treatment of COPD in Brazil. This study aimed to determine the appropriateness of maintenance treatment in COPD patients prior to their hospitalization and to identify variables associated with inappropriate treatment. Methods: This was an observational, cross-sectional, analytical study involving 50 inpatients with COPD at two hospitals in the city of Florianópolis, Brazil. The patients completed a questionnaire on parameters related to the maintenance treatment of COPD. Non-pharmacological management and pharmacological treatment were assessed based on the recommendations made by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) in 2011 and by the Brazilian National Ministry of Health in the chronic respiratory diseases section of its Caderno de Atenção Básica (CAB, Primary Care Guidebook). Results: In most of the patients, the COPD was classified as being severe or very severe. Regarding non-pharmacological management, 33% of the patients were smokers, only 32% had been advised to receive the flu vaccine, 28% had received pneumococcal vaccine, and only 6.5% of the patients in the B, C, and D categories received pulmonary rehabilitation. Regarding GOLD and CAB recommendations, pharmacological treatment was inappropriate in 50% and 74% of the patients, respectively. Based on GOLD recommendations, 38% were undertreated. A low level of education, low income, not receiving oxygen therapy, and not receiving the flu vaccine were associated with inappropriate treatment. Conclusions: The application of various non-pharmacological management recommendations was unsatisfactory. Regarding the GOLD recommendations, the high rate of inappropriate maintenance treatment was mainly due to undertreatment. In Brazil, even in severe COPD cases, optimizing treatment to achieve greater benefits continues to be a challenge.
Litter Input Controls on Soil Carbon in a Temperate Deciduous Forest
Authors: Bowden Richard D. , Deem Lauren , Plante Alain F. , Peltre Clément , Nadelhoffer Knute , Lajtha Kate
Published: July 2014

Above‐ and belowground litter inputs in a temperate deciduous forest were altered for 20 yr to determine the importance of leaves and roots on soil C and soil organic matter (SOM) quantity and quality. Carbon and SOM quantity and quality were measured in the O horizon and mineral soil to 50 cm in five treatments (control, double litter [DL], no litter [NL], no roots [NR], no inputs [NI]). After two decades of doubled litter addition, soil C and SOM did not increase. However, leaf litter exclusions reduced soil C (O and mineral horizons combined) by 24% in NL and 33% in NI treatments. In the mineral soil, the largest declines occurred in the 0‐ to 10‐cm depth (0.93–2.01 kg C m−2), although losses were observed throughout the entire solum. The NR treatments showed no losses of C. Thermal characterization of SOM quality differed among treatments in the 0‐ to 10‐cm depth. Patterns of CO2evolution during SOM combustion revealed differences in SOM quality between surface and deeper horizons. Our work shows that the sources of litter are important in controlling soil C. Leaf litter made important contributions to maintaining current stocks of soil C; increased leaf litter did not increase soil C, but decreases in litter inputs resulted in rapid soil C declines. Root litter may ultimately provide more stable sources of soil C. Management activities or environmental alterations that decrease litter inputs in mature forests can lower soil C content; however, increases in forest productivity and the resulting increased litter production seem unlikely to increase soil C sequestration.
The efficiency of a membrane bioreactor in drinking water denitrification
Authors: Petrovic Aleksandra , Simonic Marjana
Published: July 2014

The membrane bioreactor (MBR) system was investigated regarding its nitrate
removal capacity from drinking water. The performance of a pilot-scale MBR
was tested, depending on the operational parameters, using sucrose as a
carbon source. Drinking water from the source was introduced into the reactor
in order to study the influence of flow-rate on the nitrate removal and
denitrification efficiency of drinking water. The content of the nitrate was
around 70 mg/L and the C/N ratio was 3:1. Nitrate removal efficiencies above
90% were obtained by flow-rates lower than 4.8 L/h. The specific
denitrification rates varied between 0.02 and 0.16 g/L NO3/ (g/L MLSS?d). The
efficiencies and nitrate removal were noticeably affected by the flow-rate
and hydraulic retention times. At the maximum flow-rate of 10.2 L/h still 68%
of the nitrate had been removed, whilst the highest specific denitrification
rate was achieved at 0.2738 g/L NO3/ (g/L) MLSS?d). The maximum reactor
removal capacity was calculated at 8.75 g NO3/m3?h.
Neuropathology of 22q11 Deletion Syndrome in an Infant
Authors: Wu Peter , Teot Lisa , Murdoch Geoffrey , Monaghan-Nichols A. Paula , McFadden Kathryn
Published: July 2014

The 22q11 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is the most common microdeletion syndrome in humans and one of the chromosomal conditions most associated with psychosis and autism spectrum disorder. To date, only 2 neuropathologic studies of 22q11DS have been reported. Findings included polymicrogyria, neuronal heterotopias, excess subcortical white-matter (interstitial) neurons, significant white-matter gliosis/hypomyelination, and microvasculopathy. Here, we report on a 3-month-old infant with documented 22q11DS, tetralogy of Fallot, and pulmonary atresia. The brain exhibited tortuous cerebral vessels and proportionately smaller occipital lobes. Histologic examination revealed cerebral white-matter pathology and subtle differences in cortical lamination, including an excess of interstitial white-matter neurons compared with a sample of age-matched controls. There was a 15% increase in DARPP-32+ medium spiny neurons in the anterior-superior caudate. In this first neuropathologic report of an infant with 22q11DS, the findings were similar to previously reported manifestations and are likely secondary to perfusion issues, developmental microvasculopathy, and abnormal frontal cortical development.
Laparoscopically Assisted Anorectoplasty Using Perineal Ultrasonographic Guide
Authors: Kubota Akio
Published: July 2014

Background/Purpose : As minimal invasive surgery,laparoscopy assisted anorectal pull-through has been reported with new devices. However, it is not easy to create an accurate pull-through canal (PTC), because of the narrow space between the urethra and puborectal sling. The authors describe a new method employing perineal ultrasonography.Methods: The rectourethral prostatic fistula was dissected laparoscopically. Externally, electrostimulation identified the center of the muscle contraction, over which a 1.2 cm of skin incision was made, and the lower part of PTC was created by hemostat forceps guided by electrostimulation. An ultrasonographic probe applied to the perineum demonstrated the urethra, and the forceps was advanced behind the urethra into the pelvic cavity using the ultrasonographic guide. Anorectal pullthrough was performed following dilatation of the PTC with dilators.Results: The authors applied this procedure in 9 cases of male high  anomalies. Surgical damages to the urethra, the levator and vertical muscles were not encountered. Postoperative MRI demonstrated a good location of the rectum, and fluoroscopic study showed a good anterior angulation and intact contraction and relaxation of those muscles.Conclusion: The combination of laparoscopic dissection, pinpointing the center of anal sphincter by electrostimulation and identification of the urethra by ultrasonographic images from the perineum facilitated creation of appropriate PTC in the muscle complex.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jpsb.v1i1.19447
A Prospective Comparative Study of the Outcome of Double-Y Pyloromyotomy (Alayet's Pyloromyotomy) and Ramstedt's Pyloromyotomy for the Surgical Management of Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis
Authors: Ali Md. Ansar , Sharifuzzaman Md. , Huq Md. Ashraf Ul , Alam Md. Mahbub-Ul
Published: July 2014

Background: Many innovations and approaches have been tried for the surgical management of Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis (IHPS) since Ramstedts first successful surgery almost one hundred years ago. Here a new technique focusing on the pylorus which may offer better results for this common condition.Methods: A prospective on going study of 20 patients with IHPS are carried out over a period of 15 months from July 2008 to September 2009. The patients are divided into 2 equal groups of 10 patients in each. The study is designed that all patients selected for study are optimized preoperatively with regard to hydration, acid-base status and electrolytes imbalance. All surgeries are performed after obtaining informed consent. Standard preoperative preparation and postoperative feeding regimes are used. The patients are operated on an alternate basis, i.e., one patient by double-Y pyloromyotomy(DY) and the next by a Ramstedts pyloromyotomy(RP). Data on patient demographics, operative time, anesthesia complications, Postoperative complications including vomiting and weight gain are collected. Patients are followed up for a period of 3 months postoperatively. Statistical assessments are done by using Student test.Results: No statistical differences are observed in patient population regarding age, sex, weight at presentation, symptoms and clinical condition including electrolytes imbalance and acid-base status. Significant differences are found in postoperative vomiting and weight gain. Data of post operative vomiting and weight gain in both groups are collected. Vomiting in double- Y(DY) pyloromyotomy group (1.23 ± 0.98 days) vsRamstedts pyloromyotomy (RP) group(2.950.99 days) p= 0.0094.Weight gain after 1st 10 days DY vs RP is ( 298 ± 57.94 gm vs193±19.8 gm p=0.0014), after 1 month (685±15.72 gm vs 498 ± 12.36 gm, p=0.0008), after 2months (670± 105.93 gm vs 455±79.76 gm, p=0.00013) and after 3 months (555±86.44 gm vs 435±47.43 gm, p=0.00098).No long-term complications are reported and no re-do pyloromyotomy is needed.Conclusion: The double-Y pyloromyotomy seems to be a better technique for the surgical management of IHPS. It may offer a better functional outcome in term of postoperative vomiting and weight gain.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jpsb.v1i1.19449
Extradural Haematoma in Children: Surgical Experiences and Prospective Analysis of 138 Cases
Authors: Chowdhury Sharif Md. Noman Khaled , Hanif Abdul , Islam K M Tarikul , Mahmud Ehsan , Hossain Sk. Sader
Published: July 2014

Objective: The authors present their experiences in the management of xtradural haematoma in children which involved an aggressive diagnostic approach, prompt surgical evacuation of the haematoma results in an excellent outcome.Subjects and methods: 138 consecutive patients with cranial extradural haematoma who underwent surgery in department of Neurosurgery from 1st January 2006 to 31st July 2009 were included in this prospective study. Each of the patients were evaluated in term of age, sex, mode of injury, localization of haematoma, clinical presentation, CT findings, operative measures and outcome.Results: Out of 138 cases 72.47 % were boys and 13.78 % were girls. The boys and girls ratio was 2.64: 1. Age ranges from 1.8 to 15 years with a mean age of 9.49 years. Most of the victims are in first half of second decade of life and closely followed by the 5-10 years age group. The most common mode of injury was fall 40.58 %, (n = 56) followed by Road traffic Accident (RTA) 31.89 %, (n = 44) .The Most common clinical presentation was altered sensorium 59.43 %, (n = 82), followed by Headache / Vomiting 56.53 %, (n = 78).Conclusion: Extradural haematoma in children is a recognized and one of the most rewarding neurosurgical emergencies. It must be recognized and evacuate early to prevent potential mortality and morbidity. Many factors affect the outcome of extradural haematoma surgery. In addition to influence of presence cranial fractures, associated brain lesions and pre-operative neurological condition of patient, duration of time interval between onset of coma and surgical intervention, morbidity and mortality have also been shown to be affected by age  with better prognosis in patients under 10 years of age.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jpsb.v1i1.19450
Neonatal Surgery: Demand and Survival Both are Increasing: Eight Years Experience in Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh
Authors: Hanif Abdul , Hasina Kaniz , Hossain Ahmed Zahid , Huda S M Shamsul , Hassan M Kamrul , Alam Md. Mahbub-Ul , Hossain AKM Zahid
Published: July 2014

Purpose: In order to achieve the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 4 target of a two-thirds reduction in under-five mortality from 1990 to 2015, major reductions are going to be required in neonatal mortality. Congenital anomalies have become the fourth cause of neonatal deaths and most of these are curable. Dhaka Medical College Hospital is the largest public hospital of the country and serving the poor and lower middle class people where surgery and medical facilities are mostly free of cost. This study was done to see the types of neonatal surgical patients admitted in this hospital and their management out come with limited facilities and find out the ways to improve the scenario to contribute in achieving the MDG.Materials & Methods: This was a retrospective study done over a period of 8 years from July 2001 to June 2009 and carried out in the Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka. A total of 650 neonates were admitted during this period and it was the 17.99% of total number of 3612 pediatric surgical admission upto12 years of age. Data was collected from hospital records and analyzed retrospectively.Results: Out of these 650 neonates 533(80%) were admitted for Neonatal Intestinal Obstruction (NIO) and omphalocele were 59 (9.07%), ectopia vesicae are 14 (2.15% ), posterior urethral valves (PUV) were 19 (2.92%), gastroschisis were 7 (1.07%) , congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) were 16 (2.46%),Tracheo-oesophageal fistula 1 (0.15%), and Conjoint twin 1 (0.15%). The most common cause of NIO was anorectal malformation (ARM) and 194 (66.43%) patients have high variety and 98(33.56%) patients have low variety ARM. Next was Hirschsprung disease and 137 (21.07%) neonates presented with this. Thirty-Five (5.38%) patients presented with septicemia and 40 (6.15%) presented with intestinal atresia, 20 (3.07%) neonates had meconium ileus and 9 (1.38%) patients presented with volvulus neonatorum. Five hundred and Fifty-nine patients (86.00%) were managed surgically. Out of 650 patients, 69 died, so mortality was 10.61% and before surgery 2.76% and after surgery was 7.84%.Conclusion: Pediatric surgeons by their skill and teamwork greatly improved the neonatal surgical service and contributing significantly in reducing infant mortality rate and to achieve MDG 4. But to improve further, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and other support systems are essential as well as support from UNICEF and World Health Organization (WHO) to include pediatric surgery and surgeons in their activities especially in developing countries. Due to socio-political and economic reasons of the developing countries the roll of pediatric surgeons are multidimensional.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jpsb.v1i1.19463
Revival of Landing's Concept of Infantile Obstructive Cholangiopathy  A Plea to Hand Over the 2 Week Old Jaundiced Full Term Neonate to the Surgeon!
Authors: Sharma Shilpa , Gupta Devendra K
Published: July 2014

The concept of infantile obstructive cholangiopathy started in 1974 by Landing and remained till early 1980s. However, the concept has not been used much since then as nothing new has developed over the last 40 years sufficient enough to change the course of the disease or identify its etiology. This review article is an attempt to consolidate evidence on review of literature pointing towards a common etiopathological process leading to the spectrum of anomalies constituting neonatal cholestasis. The importance of early referral of any case with neonatal jaundice in a full term neonate, preferably at 2 weeks age is highlighted. This will help to identify and treat more cases within the correctable range and prevent the disease from progressing to a life threatening situation especially in developing countries where the resources for liver transplantation are meagre.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jpsb.v1i1.19465
Postoperative Results Following Surgery for PUJO in Children
Authors: Goel Prabudh , Gupta Devendra K
Published: July 2014

Not available.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jpsb.v1i1.19466
Neonatal Surgery
Authors: Jacobsen Anette
Published: July 2014

Not available.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jpsb.v1i1.19467
Endoscopic Removal of Vesical Calculus Through Suprapubic Route: A Case Report
Authors: Bhuyian Md. Akbar Hossain , Huq Md. Ashraf Ul , Kabir Mahfuzul , Chowdhury Shafquat Haider
Published: July 2014

For decades, vesical stone has been removed by traditional cystolithotomy. It gives a big scar and adds considerable morbidity to the patient. Here we tried a new indigenous technique to remove the bladder stone with a laparoscopic grasper . The aim was to minimize the morbidity and an almost invisible scar to the patient.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jpsb.v1i1.19469
A Hybrid Metaheuristic Approach for Minimizing the Total Flow Time in A Flow Shop Sequence Dependent Group Scheduling Problem
Authors: Costa Antonio , Cappadonna Fulvio , Fichera Sergio
Published: July 2014

Production processes in Cellular Manufacturing Systems (CMS) often involve groups of parts sharing the same technological requirements in terms of tooling and setup. The issue of scheduling such parts through a flow-shop production layout is known as the Flow-Shop Group Scheduling (FSGS) problem or, whether setup times are sequence-dependent, the Flow-Shop Sequence-Dependent Group Scheduling (FSDGS) problem. This paper addresses the FSDGS issue, proposing a hybrid metaheuristic procedure integrating features from Genetic Algorithms (GAs) and Biased Random Sampling (BRS) search techniques with the aim of minimizing the total flow time, i.e., the sum of completion times of all jobs. A well-known benchmark of test cases, entailing problems with two, three, and six machines, is employed for both tuning the relevant parameters of the developed procedure and assessing its performances against two metaheuristic algorithms recently presented by literature. The obtained results and a properly arranged ANOVA analysis highlight the superiority of the proposed approach in tackling the scheduling problem under investigation.