bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of management objectives and rules on marine conservation outcomes
Authors: Ban Natalie C. , Darling Emily S. , Gurney Georgina G. , Friedman Whitney , Jupiter Stacy D. , Lestari W. Peni , Yulianto Irfan , Pardede Sinta , Tarigan Sukma A. R. , Prihatiningsih Puji , Mangubhai Sangeeta , Naisilisili Waisea , Dulunaqio Sirilo , Naggea Josheena , Ranaivoson Ravaka , Agostini Vera N. , Ahmadia Gabby , Blythe Jessica , Campbell Stuart J. , Claudet Joachim , Cox Courtney , Epstein Graham , Estradivari  , Fox Margaret , Gill David , Himes‐Cornell Amber , Jonas Harry , Mcleod Elizabeth , Muthiga Nyawira A. , McClanahan Tim
Published: September 2023

Understanding the relative effectiveness and enabling conditions of different area‐based management tools is essential for supporting efforts that achieve positive biodiversity outcomes as area‐based conservation coverage increases to meet newly set international targets. We used data from a coastal social–ecological monitoring program in 6 Indo‐Pacific countries to analyze whether social, ecological, and economic objectives and specific management rules (temporal closures, fishing gear‐specific, species‐specific restrictions) were associated with coral reef fish biomass above sustainable yield levels across different types of area‐based management tools (i.e., comparing those designated as marine protected areas [MPAs] with other types of area‐based management). All categories of objectives, multiple combinations of rules, and all types of area‐based management had some sites that were able to sustain high levels of reef fish biomass—a key measure for coral reef functioning—compared with reference sites with no area‐based management. Yet, the same management types also had sites with low biomass. As governments advance their commitments to the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework and the target to conserve 30% of the planet's land and oceans by 2030, we found that although different types of management can be effective, most of the managed areas in our study regions did not meet criteria for effectiveness. These findings underscore the importance of strong management and governance of managed areas and the need to measure the ecological impact of area‐based management rather than counting areas because of their designation.
Using LSTM neural networks for cross‐lingual phonetic speech segmentation with an iterative correction procedure
Authors: Hanzlíček Zdeněk , Matoušek Jindřich , Vít Jakub
Published: September 2023

This article describes experiments on speech segmentation using long short‐term memory recurrent neural networks. The main part of the paper deals with multi‐lingual and cross‐lingual segmentation, that is, it is performed on a language different from the one on which the model was trained. The experimental data involves large Czech, English, German, and Russian speech corpora designated for speech synthesis. For optimal multi‐lingual modeling, a compact phonetic alphabet was proposed by sharing and clustering phones of particular languages. Many experiments were performed exploring various experimental conditions and data combinations. We proposed a simple procedure that iteratively adapts the inaccurate default model to the new voice/language. The segmentation accuracy was evaluated by comparison with reference segmentation created by a well‐tuned hidden Markov model‐based framework with additional manual corrections. The resulting segmentation was also employed in a unit selection text‐to‐speech system. The generated speech quality was compared with the reference segmentation by a preference listening test.
Fracture durability of composite–titanium adhesively bonded structures exposed to seawater environment
Authors: Wang Jian , Gao Jiaxin , Bi Yunbo , Jiang Junxia
Published: September 2023

In this paper, the fracture durability of composite–titanium adhesively bonded structures exposed to seawater environment was studied experimentally and numerically. The specimens were immersed in artificial seawater at 45°C for different exposure times. The results show that the tensile strength of the specimen aging for 130 days degraded by nearly 55.6%, and the degradation of the mechanical properties of adhesive was not only affected by the moisture but also showed a certain relationship with aging time. Under the condition of saturated moisture, the tensile strength of the specimen still decreased with the increase of aging time. The simulated moisture results of the aging fracture specimen indicate that the moisture of the boundary region of the adhesive layer was mainly absorbed from the adhesive itself, while the moisture of the central region was dependent on the moisture absorption of the composite adherend. Moreover, the moisture absorption of the pre‐crack tip adhesive resulted in different load responses and fracture modes of the aging fracture specimens. Consequently, the fracture toughness of the DCB and ENF specimens aging for 180 days degraded by nearly 66.4% and 33.0%, respectively.
Representing buildings and urban features in hydrodynamic flood models
Authors: Iliadis Christos , Glenis Vassilis , Kilsby Chris
Published: September 2023

Flood risk in cities and built‐up areas is a major threat which is likely to grow due to increased urbanisation and climate change. It is a priority for urban planning, civil defence and insurance to accurately represent buildings and urban features in hydrodynamic models to assess flood risk to people, properties, assets and infrastructure in an uncertain future. The correct representation of urban features in models is currently blocked by the lack of detailed and accurate techniques and has become a priority for the improvement of urban flood modelling now that better data and computational resources are available. This study has reviewed the available approaches for the representation of buildings and urban features and implemented the widely used ‘stubby building’ approximation as well as a more realistic and innovative ‘building hole’ approach using the hydrodynamic model CityCAT. The city centre of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, was used as a case study, allowing independent validation of the methods and direct, systematic comparison of performance. Shortcomings of the approximate method are described, and guidance given on limits to its reliable application and scope for improvement.
Collaborative practice in type 2 diabetes management in a developing country: A qualitative study of perceptions and attitudes of key stakeholders
Authors: Desse Tigestu Alemu , Namara Kevin M. C. , Yifter Helen , Manias Elizabeth
Published: September 2023

Aims and objectives

To explore collaborative practice and perceptions and attitudes of key stakeholders on collaboration in type 2 diabetes management in a tertiary care setting.

Background

Understanding collaborative practice in diabetes care in developing countries helps to design and provide patient‐centred and cost‐effective care.

Design

An exploratory qualitative study.

Methods

Interviews were undertaken with 30 patients and 18 health professionals and policymakers. Thematic data analysis was undertaken to explore collaborative practice and examine participant perspectives on collaboration in diabetes management. We compared the findings with D'Amour's Collaboration Framework to determine the level of collaboration.

Results

Most participants reported a lack of collaborative practice in diabetes management, while they appreciated its importance in improving care. Perceptions varied with respect to what constituted collaborative practice. Three themes were identified: (1) perspectives of key stakeholders on current practice of collaboration; (2) impediments to collaborative practice; (3) strategies to improve collaborative practice. Analyses of the themes using D'Amour's Collaboration Framework indicated a low level of collaboration among physicians, nurses, pharmacists and policymakers, which was attributed to workload and time pressures on health professionals, power dynamics and lack of role clarity of all actors in collaborative action. Participants commented on the need to improve collaboration by establishing strong leadership and governance at different healthcare structure levels, which is committed to coordinating collaboration and developing collaborative frameworks and policies that guide collaborative undertaking.

Conclusions

Perceived shortcomings of collaboration were attributed to inadequate resources, power dynamics, a lack of strong team functioning and policies. Participants' positive perceptions provide an opportunity to improve collaborative practice through incorporation of collaborative frameworks and policies.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

The findings in this study inform development of tailored and patient‐centred diabetes care in tertiary care settings in sub‐Saharan Africa.

Reporting Method

The study was reported in accordance with the COREQ checklist.

Patient or Public Contribution

Patients or the public were not involved in the design, analysis or interpretation of the data in this study. However, patients and healthcare providers participated in pilot interviews, which helped refine the interview guides. The summary of the findings of the study was also discussed with patients and healthcare providers, where they provided feedback.
Phenology and thallus size in a non‐native population of Gracilaria vermiculophylla
Authors: Krueger‐Hadfield Stacy A. , Oetterer Alexis P. , Lees Lauren E. , Hoffman Jessica M. , Sotka Erik E. , Murren Courtney J.
Published: September 2023

Phenology, or seasonal variation in life cycle events, is poorly described for many macroalgal species. We describe the phenology of a non‐native population of Gracilaria vermiculophylla whose thalli are free‐living or anchored by decorating polychaetes to tube caps. At a site in South Carolina, USA, we sampled 100 thalli approximately every month from January 2014 to January 2015. We assessed the reproductive state and measured thallus size based on wet weight, thallus length, and thallus surface area from herbarium mounts. Because life cycle stage cannot be assigned using morphology, we implemented a PCR assay to determine the life cycle stage—tetrasporophyte, female gametophyte, or male gametophyte—of each thallus. Tetrasporophytes dominated throughout the year, making up 81%–100% of thalli sampled per month. Reproductive tetrasporophytes varied between 0% and 65% of monthly samples and were most common in warm summer months (July through September) when thalli also tended to be larger. The vast majority of the reproductive thalli were worm‐anchored and not fixed to hard substratum via a holdfast. Thus, free‐living thalli can be reproductive and potentially seed new non‐native populations. Given G. vermiculophylla reproduction seems tied closely to temperature, our work suggests phenology may change with climate‐related changes in seawater temperatures. We also highlight the importance of understanding the natural history of macroalgae to better understand the consequence of range expansions on population dynamics.
18S rDNA gene metabarcoding of microeukaryotes and epi‐endophytes in the holobiome of seven species of large brown algae
Authors: Bjorbækmo Marit F. Markussen , Brodie Juliet , Krabberød Anders K. , Logares Ramiro , Fuss Janina , Fredriksen Stein , Wold‐Dobbe Anders , Shalchian‐Tabrizi Kamran , Bass David
Published: September 2023

Brown algae (Phaeophyceae) are habitat‐forming species in coastal ecosystems and include kelp forests and seaweed beds that support a wide diversity of marine life. Host‐associated microbial communities are an integral part of phaeophyte biology, and whereas the bacterial microbial partners have received considerable attention, the microbial eukaryotes associated with brown algae have hardly been studied. Here, we used broadly targeted “pan‐eukaryotic” primers (metabarcoding) to investigate brown algal‐associated eukaryotes (the eukaryome). Using this approach, we aimed to investigate the eukaryome of seven large brown algae that are important and common species in coastal ecosystems. We also aimed to assess whether these macroalgae harbor novel eukaryotic diversity and to ascribe putative functional roles to the host‐associated eukaryome based on taxonomic affiliation and phylogenetic placement. We detected a significant diversity of microeukaryotic and algal lineages associated with the brown algal species investigated. The operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were taxonomically assigned to 10 of the eukaryotic major supergroups, including taxonomic groups known to be associated with seaweeds as epibionts, endobionts, parasites, and commensals. Additionally, we revealed previously unrecorded sequence types, including novel phaeophyte OTUs, particularly in the Fucus spp. samples, that may represent fucoid genomic variants, sequencing artifacts, or undescribed epi‐/endophytes. Our results provide baseline data and technical insights that will be useful for more comprehensive seaweed eukaryome studies investigating the evidently lineage‐rich and functionally diverse symbionts of brown algae.
Clinical competency of dental health professionals and students in diagnosing oral mucosal lesions
Authors: Idrees Majdy , Halimi Rodwan , Gadiraju Shashank , Frydrych Agnieszka M. , Kujan Omar
Published: September 2023

Objective

Proper identification of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) provides an opportunity for oral cancer prevention. This study aims to assess the competency of dental health professionals in identifying OPMDs and, in turn, reducing the incidence of oral malignancy by early detection.

Methods

A 26‐case online questionnaire of oral mucosal lesions was distributed to cohorts of 363 dental health professionals and dental students in Australia. The participants were asked to provide their provisional diagnosis for each case based on the available information.

Results

The overall accuracy in identifying oral mucosal lesions was 65.9%. There were no significant differences in the overall diagnostic accuracies between dental specialists, general dental practitioners and final‐year dental students (p > 0.05). The lowest diagnostic accuracies were associated with normal mucosal variations and OPMDs. The predoctoral dental curriculum showed statistically significant values in terms of improving skills in diagnosing oral mucosal lesions.

Conclusions

Lack of adequate knowledge in identifying OPMDs was evident among the participants, highlighting a non‐promising figure in reducing the incidence of oral cancers in Australia. Comprehensive modifications of the current continuing professional development system are required to ensure adequate knowledge among dental health providers in Australia.
Prognostic impact of muscle invasion in buccal mucosa squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wu Yan , Wang Shuai , Zhang Weixian , Zhu Feng , Zhang Lei , Chen Sheng , Ye Chuanjin , Sun Yawei , Huang Xiaofeng , Celentano Antonio , Ni Yanhong
Published: September 2023

Objective

The objective of the study was to assess the prognostic value of muscle invasion (MI), a key histopathological feature of tumor aggressiveness, and construct a superior prognostic prediction model combining the current TNM staging system.

Materials and Methods

MI was analyzed in the whole‐slide images from a total of 301 patients with primary buccal mucosa squamous cell carcinoma (BMSCC). Survival times of patients with/without MI were evaluated by Kaplan–Meier analysis. MI was further combined with the TNM staging system to explore its predictive value for prognosis. Moreover, 204 cases of head and neck carcinoma from the TCGA database were included.

Results

MI positive rate reached to 76% (229/301) in patients with BMSCC. MI was associated with poor overall survival (p = 0.012) and disease‐free survival (p = 0.022). The novel system (TNM staging combined with MI) revealed strong predictive performance, with the largest area under the curve (OS: p < 0.001, DFS: p < 0.004). MI and the established classification system were also had good predictive ability in the TCGA cohort.

Conclusions

MI is an independent predictor of poor prognosis of BMSCC. The inclusion of MI in prediction system can augment the risk stratification of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma and may assist in the clinical decision‐making process.
A neonate with aseptic cutaneous necrosis related to the migration of the proximal central venous catheter infusion port
Authors: Thimmarayan Gokul , Schmitz Michael , Guerrero Jorge , Garcia Xiomara , Zhang Sairi , Chau Destiny
Published: September 2023

We report a case of aseptic cutaneous necrosis from extravasation of calcium chloride at the proximal port of a central venous catheter (CVC). A right internal jugular CVC was placed with ultrasound guidance using contemporary guidelines for size and insertion site. Catheter migration occurred concurrent with development of postoperative anasarca. Four days later, leakage of infusate with skin necrosis was noted at the insertion site. Despite initial proper positioning, catheter ports can migrate out of intravascular structures due to postprocedural subcutaneous edema. Intravascular confirmation should be performed regularly for infants with localized or generalized edema.
Pathogenesis‐directed treatment of linear porokeratosis with topical cholesterol‐lovastatin
Authors: Maredia Hasina , Hand Jennifer L. , Tollefson Megha M.
Published: September 2023

A 2‐year‐old boy presented with an extensive, asymptomatic, photosensitive eruption refractory to topical steroids and tretinoin; examination and biopsies were consistent with generalized linear porokeratosis involving the face, limbs, and trunk. Treatment with topical cholesterol‐lovastatin was initiated, and it successfully improved early erythematous lesions. Whole exome sequencing that targeted mevalonate pathway genes crucial in cholesterol synthesis later revealed a pathogenic, paternally inherited, porokeratosis‐associated MVD, c.70+5 G>A, mutation. Topical cholesterol‐lovastatin is a safe and effective empiric treatment for porokeratosis when used in the early, erythematous phase, and its success is likely mediated through its role in targeting mevalonate pathway mutations.
Cover Image
Authors: Yuan Jianbo , Yu Yang , Zhang Xiaojun , Li Shihao , Xiang Jianhai , Li Fuhua
Published: September 2023

The cover image is based on the Review Article Recent advances in crustacean genomics and their potential application in aquaculture by Jianbo Yuan et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12791.

image
Risk literacy: Foundational issues and its connection to risk science
Authors: Aven Terje
Published: September 2023

A new research area is developing, risk literacy. The term “risk literacy” basically refers to one's ability to understand and evaluate risk, in order to support and make appropriate decisions. In this article, we discuss how risk literacy relates to risk analysis/science with its topics of risk fundamentals (concepts), risk understanding, risk assessments, risk characterizations, risk perception, risk communication, and risk handling (covering risk management, risk governance, and policies on risk). We question how issues and research topics addressed in risk literacy relate to risk analysis/science knowledge, particularly on risk understanding. The main conclusion of the article is that risk literacy addresses an important topic—from both a theoretical and a practical societal relevancy perspective—and brings the potential for many additional developments and further insights if the topic is better integrated with risk science knowledge more broadly.
Integrating intercohort changes in the composition of social origin into OED triangle research: A literature review and an outlook for future research
Authors: Blossfeld Pia Nicoletta
Published: September 2023

This contribution highlights that conventional social mobility research in the sociological sciences is faced with a severe limitation, as it neglects the importance of intercohort changes in the social origin structure. This is illustrated by the example of OED triangle research, in which compositional changes are only partially recognized as important factors for social fluidity. The paper shows that the implications of an intercohort compositional change of social origin in the process of educational expansion and occupational change have often been overlooked in this literature. The paper makes theoretical and methodological suggestions for a better integration of the compositional change of social origin into future empirical analyses of the OED triangle.
ABO‐adjusted cPRA metric for kidney allocation in an Asian‐predominant population
Authors: Lau Kei Man , Chu Patrick W. K. , Tang Lydia W. M. , Chen Bryan P. Y. , Yeung Nicholas K. M. , Ip Patrick , Lee Pamela , Yap Desmond Y. H. , Kwok Janette S. Y.
Published: September 2023

Recent studies showed that ABO‐adjusted calculated panel reactive antibody (ABO‐cPRA) may better reflect the histocompatibility level in a multi‐ethnic population, but such data in Asians is not available. We developed an ABO‐adjusted cPRA metric on a cohort of waitlist kidney transplant patients (n = 647, 99% Chinese) in Hong Kong, based on HLA alleles and ABO frequencies of local donors. The concordance between the web‐based ABO‐cPRA calculator and the impact on kidney allocation were evaluated. The blood group distribution for A, B, O and AB among waitlist kidney candidates were 26.2%, 27.5%, 40.1%, and 6.1%, and their chances of encountering incompatible blood group donors were 32.6%, 32.4%, 57.6%, and 0%, respectively. There is poor agreement between web‐based ABO‐cPRA calculator and our locally developed metrics. Over 90% of patients showed an increase in cPRA after ABO adjustment, most notably in those with cPRA between 70% and 79%. Blood group O patients had a much greater increase in cPRA scores after adjustment while patients of blood group A and B had similar increment. 10.6% of non‐AB blood group waitlist patients had ABO‐cPRA elevated to ≥80%. A local ABO‐adjusted cPRA metric is required for Asian populations and may improve equity in kidney distribution for patients with disadvantageous blood groups. The result from the current study potentially helps other countries/localities in establishing their own unified ABO‐cPRA metrics and predict the impact on kidney allocation.
Does decreasing the incubation period used in the antibody screen affect its sensitivity?
Authors: Kenneday Grace , Chih Hui Jun , Finch Susan , Ellery Paul
Published: September 2023

Background

Pre‐transfusion testing (PTT) encompasses a set of mandatory laboratory tests performed before red blood cell transfusion. The antibody screen, one component of PTT, commonly includes a 10–20 min incubation. The primary aim of this study was to determine if this period can be reduced when using current immunohematology methodologies.

Methods and Materials

Antibody screens were performed on reagent samples using Glass or Gel‐based column agglutination technologies (CAT) and a solid phase red cell adherence (SPRCA) assay, with incubation periods of 1, 5, 10 and 15 min, and 20 min (SPRCA assay only). For each method, the shortest period producing a minimum of a 1+ reaction with all reagent samples was considered optimal. The sensitivity of each assay using the optimal period was calculated after performing antibody screens on 100 patient samples.

Results and Discussion

It was demonstrated that the incubation period in the SPRCA and Glass CAT systems can be reduced to 5 and 10 min, respectively, while achieving high assay sensitivity (98.9% in both). The incubation period in the Gel CAT system cannot be reduced from 15 min. Significant association between titre and reaction strength was observed for all three screening methods (p < 0.001 for both CAT methods, p = 0.041 for SPRCA). This study demonstrates that the incubation period used in the antibody screen can be reduced when using systems employing the Glass CAT and SPRCA methods, without affecting assay sensitivity. If confirmed, it could result in faster completion of PTT.
Abduction and Deduction in Dynamical Cognitive Science
Authors: Chemero Anthony
Published: September 2023

This paper reviews the recent history of a subset of research in dynamical cognitive science, in particular that subset that allies itself with the sciences of complexity and casts cognitive systems as interaction dominant, noncomputational, and nonmodular. I look at this history in the light of C.S. Peirce's understanding of scientific reasoning as progressing from abduction to deduction to induction. In particular, I examine the development of a controversy concerning the use of the interaction dominance of human cognitive systems as an explanation of the ubiquitous 1/f noise, multifractality, and complexity matching in human behavior.
An identity in the Bethe subalgebra of C[Sn]$\mathbb {C}[\mathfrak {S}_n]$
Authors: Purbhoo Kevin
Published: September 2023

As part of the proof of the Bethe ansatz conjecture for the Gaudin model for , Mukhin, Tarasov, and Varchenko described a correspondence between inverse Wronskians of polynomials and eigenspaces of the Gaudin Hamiltonians. Notably, this correspondence afforded the first proof of the Shapiro–Shapiro conjecture. In this paper, we give an identity in the group algebra of the symmetric group, which allows one to establish the correspondence directly, without using the Bethe ansatz.
Characterization and Geological Meaning of the Crystalline Basement Occurrence in the Unaí Region, Minas Gerais State (Central Brasilia Belt)
Authors: Moura Florença Das Graças , Campos José Eloi Guimarães
Published: September 2023

Granitoid rocks petrographically and compositionally characterized as tonalite, monzonite granodiorite and granite were observed in restricted areas in the central portion of the external zone of the Brasilia Belt. These outcrops of peraluminous rocks were interpreted as the sialic basement of the region, associated with paleogeographic highs prior to the deposition of the Proterozoic sedimentary cover. U-Pb zircon age of 2.14 Ga and geochemical analysis are compatible with other Paleoproterozoic bedrock areas observed mainly in the north Brasilia Belt. The existence of a basement bulkhead conditioned the Neoproterozoic deformation, causing the inflection of regional structures from NNW to N60-70W and over again to the NNW regional trend. The absence of contact metamorphism along the adjacent supracrustal rocks, regional foliation attitude that is different from that observed in the granitoids (tonalite, granotiorite, monzonite and granite) and the older age, show that these rocks represent basement windows and not younger intrusive bodies, as previously interpreted. The rocks studied in this research are correlated to the Aurumina Suite, which represents the main basement rock set in the North Brasília Belt.
To Sleep Dreaming Medals: Sleep Characteristics, Napping Behavior, and Sleep-Hygiene Strategies in Elite Track-and-Field Athletes Facing the Olympic Games of Tokyo 2021
Authors: Vitale Jacopo A. , Borghi Stefano , Piacentini Maria Francesca , Banfi Giuseppe , La Torre Antonio
Published: September 2023

Purpose: Few data are available on sleep characteristics of elite track-and-field athletes. Our study aimed to assess (1) differences in sleep between sexes and among different track-and-field disciplines, (2) the effect of individualized sleep-hygiene strategies on athletes’ sleep parameters, and (3) daytime nap characteristics in track-and-field athletes. Methods: Sleep characteristics of 16 elite Olympic-level track-and-field athletes (male: n = 8; female: n = 8) were assessed during the preseason period, at baseline (T0), and during the in-season period, after the adoption of individualized sleep-hygiene strategies (T1). Sleep parameters were objectively monitored by actigraphy for a minimum of 10 days, for each athlete, at both T0 and T1. A total of 702 nights were analyzed (T0 = 425; T1 = 277). Results: Female athletes displayed better sleep efficiency (88.69 [87.69–89.68] vs 91.72 [90.99–92.45]; P = .003, effect size [ES]: 0.44), lower sleep latency (18.99 [15.97–22.00] vs 6.99 [5.65–8.32]; P < .001, ES: 0.65), higher total sleep time (07:03 [06:56–07:11] vs 07:18 [07:10–07:26]; P = .030, ES: 0.26), earlier bedtime (00:24 [00:16–00:32] vs 00:13 [00:04–00:22]; P = .027, ES: 0.18), and lower nap frequency (P < .001) than male athletes. Long-distance runners had earlier bedtime (00:10 [00:03–00:38] vs 00:36 [00:26–00:46]; P < .001, ES: 0.41) and wake-up time (07:41 [07:36–07:46] vs 08:18 [08:07–08:30]; P < .001, ES: 0.61), higher nap frequency, but lower sleep efficiency (88.79 [87.80–89.77] vs 91.67 [90.95–92.38]; P = .013, ES: 0.44), and longer sleep latency (18.89 [15.94–21.84] vs 6.69 [5.33–8.06]; P < .001, ES: 0.67) than athletes of short-term disciplines. Furthermore, sleep-hygiene strategies had a positive impact on athletes’ total sleep time (429.2 [423.5–434.8] vs 451.4 [444.2–458.6]; P < .001, ES: 0.37) and sleep latency (14.33 [12.34–16.32] vs 10.67 [8.66–12.68]; P = .017, ES: 0.19). Conclusions: Sleep quality and quantity were suboptimal at baseline in Olympic-level track-and-field athletes. Large differences were observed in sleep characteristics between sexes and among different track-and-field disciplines. Given the positive effect of individualized sleep-hygiene strategies on athlete’s sleep, coaches should implement sleep education sessions in the daily routine of top-level athletes.
The locus coeruleus contributes to the anorectic, nausea, and autonomic physiological effects of glucagon-like peptide-1
Authors: Fortin Samantha M. , Chen Jack C. , Petticord Marisa C. , Ragozzino Forrest J. , Peters James H. , Hayes Matthew R.
Published: September 2023

Increasing the therapeutic potential and reducing the side effects of U.S. Food and Drug Administration–approved glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists used to treat obesity require complete characterization of the central mechanisms that mediate both the food intake-suppressive and illness-like effects of GLP-1R signaling. Our studies, in the rat, demonstrate that GLP-1Rs in the locus coeruleus (LC) are pharmacologically and physiologically relevant for food intake control. Furthermore, agonism of LC GLP-1Rs induces illness-like behaviors, and antagonism of LC GLP-1Rs can attenuate GLP-1R–mediated nausea. Electrophysiological and behavioral pharmacology data support a role for LC GLP-1Rs expressed on presynaptic glutamatergic terminals in the control of feeding and malaise. Collectively, our work establishes the LC as a site of action for GLP-1 signaling and extends our understanding of the GLP-1 signaling mechanism necessary for the development of improved obesity pharmacotherapies.
Mechanosensation in leaf veins
Authors: Yang Tsu-Hao , Chtelat Aurore , Kurenda Andrzej , Farmer Edward E.
Published: September 2023

Whether the plant vasculature has the capacity to sense touch is unknown. We developed a quantitative assay to investigate touch-response electrical signals in the leaves and veins of
Arabidopsis thaliana
. Mechanostimulated electrical signaling in leaves displayed strong diel regulation. Signals of full amplitude could be generated by repeated stimulation at the same site after approximately 90 minutes. However, the signals showed intermediate amplitudes when repeatedly stimulated in shorter timeframes. Using intracellular electrodes, we detected touch-response membrane depolarizations in the phloem. On the basis of this, we mutated multiple

Arabidopsis H
+
-ATPase

(
AHA
) genes expressed in companion cells. We found that
aha1 aha3
double mutants attenuated touch-responses, and this was coupled to growth rate reduction. Moreover, propagating membrane depolarizations could be triggered by mechanostimulating the exposed primary vasculature of wild-type plants but not of
aha1 aha3
mutants. Primary veins have autonomous mechanosensory properties which depend on P-type proton pumps.
(Mg,Mn,Fe,Co,Ni)O: A rocksalt high-entropy oxide containing divalent Mn and Fe
Authors: Pu Yuguang , Moseley Duncan , He Zhen , Pitike Krishna Chaitanya , Manley Michael E. , Yan Jiaqiang , Cooper Valentino R. , Mitchell Valerie , Peterson Vanessa K. , Johannessen Bernt , Hermann Raphael P. , Cao Peng
Published: September 2023

High-entropy oxides (HEOs) have aroused growing interest due to fundamental questions relating to their structure formation, phase stability, and the interplay between configurational disorder and physical and chemical properties. Introducing Fe(II) and Mn(II) into a rocksalt HEO is considered challenging, as theoretical analysis suggests that they are unstable in this structure under ambient conditions. Here, we develop a bottom-up method for synthesizing Mn- and Fe-containing rocksalt HEO (FeO-HEO). We present a comprehensive investigation of its crystal structure and the random cation-site occupancy. We show the improved structural robustness of this FeO-HEO and verify the viability of an oxygen sublattice as a buffer layer. Compositional analysis reveals the valence and spin state of the iron species. We further report the antiferromagnetic order of this FeO-HEO below the transition temperature ~218 K and predict the conditions of phase stability of Mn- and Fe-containing HEOs. Our results provide fresh insights into the design and property tailoring of emerging classes of HEOs.
Autonomous medical needle steering in vivo
Authors: Kuntz Alan , Emerson Maxwell , Ertop Tayfun Efe , Fried Inbar , Fu Mengyu , Hoelscher Janine , Rox Margaret , Akulian Jason , Gillaspie Erin A. , Lee Yueh Z. , Maldonado Fabien , Webster Robert J. , Alterovitz Ron
Published: September 2023

The use of needles to access sites within organs is fundamental to many interventional medical procedures both for diagnosis and treatment. Safely and accurately navigating a needle through living tissue to a target is currently often challenging or infeasible because of the presence of anatomical obstacles, high levels of uncertainty, and natural tissue motion. Medical robots capable of automating needle-based procedures have the potential to overcome these challenges and enable enhanced patient care and safety. However, autonomous navigation of a needle around obstacles to a predefined target in vivo has not been shown. Here, we introduce a medical robot that autonomously navigates a needle through living tissue around anatomical obstacles to a target in vivo. Our system leverages a laser-patterned highly flexible steerable needle capable of maneuvering along curvilinear trajectories. The autonomous robot accounts for anatomical obstacles, uncertainty in tissue/needle interaction, and respiratory motion using replanning, control, and safe insertion time windows. We applied the system to lung biopsy, which is critical for diagnosing lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. We demonstrated successful performance of our system in multiple in vivo porcine studies achieving targeting errors less than the radius of clinically relevant lung nodules. We also demonstrated that our approach offers greater accuracy compared with a standard manual bronchoscopy technique. Our results show the feasibility and advantage of deploying autonomous steerable needle robots in living tissue and how these systems can extend the current capabilities of physicians to further improve patient care.
Influence of soil depth, irrigation, and plant genotype on the soil microbiome, metaphenome, and carbon chemistry
Authors: Naasko Katherine I. , Naylor Daniel , Graham Emily B. , Couvillion Sneha P. , Danczak Robert , Tolic Nikola , Nicora Carrie , Fransen Steven , Tao Haiying , Hofmockel Kirsten S. , Jansson Janet K.
Published: September 2023

Climate change is causing an increase in drought in many soil ecosystems and a loss of soil organic carbon. Calcareous soils may partially mitigate these losses via carbon capture and storage. Here, we aimed to determine how irrigation-supplied soil moisture and perennial plants impact biotic and abiotic soil properties that underpin deep soil carbon chemistry in an unfertilized calcareous soil. Soil was sampled up to 1 m in depth from irrigated and planted field treatments and was analyzed using a suite of omics and chemical analyses. The soil microbial community composition was impacted more by irrigation and plant cover treatments than by soil depth. By contrast, metabolomes, lipidomes, and proteomes differed more with soil depth than treatments. Deep soil (>50 cm) had higher soil pH and calcium concentrations and higher levels of organic acids, bicarbonate, and triacylglycerides. By contrast, surface soil (0–5 cm) had higher concentrations of soil organic matter, organic carbon, oxidizable carbon, and total nitrogen. Surface soils also had higher amounts of sugars, sugar alcohols, phosphocholines, and proteins that reflect osmotic and oxidative stress responses. The lipidome was more responsive to perennial tall wheatgrass treatments compared to the metabolome or proteome, with a striking change in diacylglyceride composition. Permanganate oxidizable carbon was more consistently correlated to metabolites and proteins than soil organic and inorganic carbon and soil organic matter. This study reveals specific compounds that reflect differences in organic, inorganic, and oxidizable soil carbon fractions that are impacted by interactions between irrigation-supplied moisture and plant cover in calcareous soil profiles.

IMPORTANCE

Carbon is cycled through the air, plants, and belowground environment. Understanding soil carbon cycling in deep soil profiles will be important to mitigate climate change. Soil carbon cycling is impacted by water, plants, and soil microorganisms, in addition to soil mineralogy. Measuring biotic and abiotic soil properties provides a perspective of how soil microorganisms interact with the surrounding chemical environment. This study emphasizes the importance of considering biotic interactions with inorganic and oxidizable soil carbon in addition to total organic carbon in carbonate-containing soils for better informing soil carbon management decisions.
Identification and genomic analysis of temperate
Halomonas
bacteriophage vB_HmeY_H4907 from the surface sediment of the Mariana Trench at a depth of 8,900 m
Authors: Su Yue , Zhang Wenjing , Liang Yantao , Wang Hongmin , Liu Yundan , Zheng Kaiyang , Liu Ziqi , Yu Hao , Ren Linyi , Shao Hongbing , Sung Yeong Yik , Mok Wen Jye , Wong Li Lian , Zhang Yu-Zhong , McMinn Andrew , Wang Min
Published: September 2023

Viruses play crucial roles in the ecosystem by modulating the host community structure, mediating biogeochemical cycles, and compensating for the metabolism of host cells. Mariana Trench, the world’s deepest hadal habitat, harbors a variety of unique microorganisms that have adapted to its extreme conditions of low temperatures, high pressure, and nutrient scarcity. However, our knowledge about isolated hadal phage strains in the hadal trench is still limited. This study reported the discovery of a temperate phage, vB_HmeY_H4907, infecting
Halomonas meridiana
H4907, isolated from surface sediment from the Mariana Trench at a depth of 8,900 m. To our best knowledge, it is the deepest isolated siphovirus from the ocean. Its 40,452 bp linear dsDNA genome has 57.64% GC content and 55 open reading frames, and it is highly homologous to its host. Phylogenetic analysis and average nucleotide sequence identification reveal that vB_HmeY_H4907 is separated from the isolated phages and represents a new family,
Suviridae
, with eight predicted proviruses and six uncultured viral genomes. They are widely distributed in the ocean, suggesting a prevalence of this viral family in the deep sea. These findings expand our understanding of the phylogenetic diversity and genomic features of hadal lysogenic phages, provide essential information for further studies of phage-host interactions and evolution, and may reveal new insights into the lysogenic lifestyles of viruses inhabiting the hadal ocean.

Importance

Halomonas
phage vB_HmeY_H4907 is the deepest isolated siphovirus from the ocean, and it represents a novel abundant viral family in the ocean. This study provides insights into the genomic, phylogenetic, and ecological characteristics of the new viral family, namely,
Suviridae
.
Water contents and hydrogen isotope compositions of amphibole in aillikites from the Tarim large igneous province, NW China: Insight into Earth’s deep water cycle
Authors: Wang Changhong , Zhang Zhaochong , Giuliani Andrea , Bo Hongze , Krmíček Lukáš , Li Xiaoguang
Published: September 2023

Water is known to play a crucial role in the generation of many large igneous provinces (LIP) worldwide, but the amount and origin of the water in their sources is still under debate. To address this question, this paper presents in situ major-, trace-element, and Sr isotope data coupled with bulk-mineral O-H-He isotope analyses of amphibole in a suite of aillikites from the Tarim LIP (NW China). The cores of zoned macrocrysts and microcrysts display partially overlapping compositions ranging between edenite and pargasite (75−83 versus 75−80 Mg#), which suggest a common origin from an evolving magma. The rims (Mg# = 75−80) of both macrocrysts and microcrysts are very similar to their cores for many elements, except for higher Sr and Ba contents. All the amphibole zones show similar primitive mantle−normalized trace element patterns, suggesting that they crystallized at different stages during magmatic evolution. This interpretation is confirmed by the homogenous Sr isotope compositions (87Sr/86Sr(i) = 0.70298−0.70394) of these amphiboles, which overlap with those of magmatic apatites and perovskites in these aillikites. The hydrogen isotope compositions (δD = −120‰ to −140‰) of the amphiboles are significantly lower than average mantle values. Given the low water contents (<0.66 wt%) of these minerals, the low H isotope signatures of the amphiboles might be caused by variable H2O loss during magma ascent. However, open-system Rayleigh fractionation modeling suggests that the hydrogen isotope compositions of these amphibole phenocrysts cannot be fully reproduced by crystallization following magmatic degassing. These low δD values require incorporation of recycled altered oceanic crust containing hydrous components in the plume source of these aillikites, which is consistent with the previously published moderately radiogenic He isotope ratios of olivine separates and bulk-rock Os and Pb isotope data for these same samples. We conclude that water in these magmas was derived from a plume source containing recycled water-bearing oceanic crust.
Resolving complex stratigraphic architecture across the Burlington shelf and identifying the Devonian-Carboniferous (Hangenberg) and Kinderhookian-Osagean (Tournaisian) boundary biogeochemical events in the type area of the Mississippian subsystem
Authors: Braun Matthew G. , Bancroft Alyssa M. , Hogancamp Nicholas J. , Stolfus Brittany M. , Heath Megan N. , Clark Ryan J. , Tassier-Surine Stephanie , Day James E. , Cramer Bradley D.
Published: September 2023

The tristate area of Iowa, Illinois, and Missouri contains some of the best-exposed Mississippian strata in the world, including the type area for the Mississippian subsystem, across a broad carbonate platform known as the Burlington shelf. Strata have been mapped as thinnest along the central middle shelf and thickening both up-ramp and down-ramp, forming a complex dumbbell-like stratigraphic pattern rather than a simple clinoform geometry thinning into the basin. Additionally, two significant hiatuses at the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary and Kinderhookian-Osagean boundary greatly complicate stratigraphic correlations across the region. As a result, the precise temporal relationships between strata deposited across the region remain uncertain.

Two large biogeochemical events occurred during this interval that provide facies-independent chronostratigraphic tools: the Hangenberg event, which marks the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary, and the Kinderhookian-Osagean boundary event. To target these events, we collected 66 conodont samples and 1005 carbonate carbon isotope samples from three cores and three outcrops and integrated the results with existing data from key facies/depth transitions across the Burlington shelf. Our new data demonstrate a complex relationship among complementary stratigraphic thicknesses, where the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary interval is thin or absent in the up-ramp inner-shelf setting and preserved in a significantly expanded interval in the central to distal middle-shelf deposits of southeast Iowa and northeast Missouri. However, the overlying Kinderhookian-Osagean boundary interval is not preserved in this down-ramp setting but is preserved in significantly expanded strata in the up-ramp inner-shelf setting of central Iowa.
Supplemental Material: Controls on upstream-migrating bed forms in sandy submarine channels
Authors: Englert Rebecca G. , al. et
Published: September 2023

Appendices S1–S4: Additional information on the boundary conditions, flow evolution, and flow state delineation in simulation trials. Appendix S3 is made up of 14 mp4 files. 
Supplemental Material: Ammonium “nutrient capacitor” model for δ15N signatures associated with marine anoxic events
Authors: Uveges Benjamin , Pearson Ann
Published: September 2023

Detailed description and sensitivity tests of model used in this study, including Figures S1–S10 and Table S1. 
Supplemental Material: The volatile record of volcanic apatite and its implications for the formation of porphyry copper deposits
Authors: Stonadge George , al. et
Published: September 2023

Supplementary material 1 provides detail on modeling, analytical methodologies, and sample locations. Supplementary materials 2 and 3 include the melt models for Mount Pinatubo and Taal volano, respectively. Supplementary material 4 includes SEM-EDS and EPMA data from this study and legacy sources.  
Retro-psoas appendicitis
Authors: Muncy Bradley C , Desimone Rachel , Seifarth Federico G
Published: September 2023

The vermiform appendix (VA) is known to exhibit a wide range of anatomic variability, with clinical presentation correlating with certain known anatomic positioning. To the best of our knowledge, we describe the second known case of a retro-psoas muscle VA variant and the first known case of appendicitis in such a location. Retroperitoneal access was obtained, and the appendix was freed from the intermuscular recess between the psoas and iliacus. The peritoneal defect was primarily repaired, and the patient was discharged on postoperative day 1 in good condition.
Aerococcus urinaeurinary tract infection in a hospitalised patient: an increasingly common infection
Authors: Zabel Matthew , Longfellow Lindsey
Published: September 2023

An elderly male with an extensive medical history was admitted for sepsis of unspecified origin; the source was later found to be anAerococcus urinaeurinary tract infection. Urinalysis and conventional urine culture were used in diagnosing this infection, and it was successfully treated with a 7-day course of intravenous ceftriaxone. The patient had no recurrence of urinary symptoms or development of complications at his follow-up. WhileA. urinaehas traditionally been described as an uncommon and relatively avirulent source of urinary tract infections, increasing reports of positive isolation suggest its incidence may be higher than previously believed. Cases have been more frequently reported among elderly males with multimorbidity and repeat hospitalisation. A lower threshold of suspicion forA. urinaeurinary tract infections in this population may better guide empiric therapy and help avoid potentially life-threatening complications.