bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementasi Pengadaan Obat Berdasarkan Permenkes RI Nomor 63 Tahun 2014 di Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Pelalawan Tahun 2018
Authors: Kalsum Ummi
Published: March 2020

In health, medicine saves lives and improves the quality of health. Access to medicines is a human right. Permenkes RI No. 63 of 2014 reads To ensure the availability of medicines work units in the health sector are responsible for medicine procurement. In the Dinkes Kabupaten Pelalawan in 2018, the realization of the DAK fund budget was 90.26%, the availability of drugs was 75.78% and 10 SPK had disbursement problems. Research Objectives To find out the problem and the implementation of drug procurement based on the Permenkes RI No. 63 of 2014 in the Dinkes Kabupaten Pelalawan in 2018. Qualitative and Descriptive Design. held from January to July 2019 with 5 informants. The result is lack of human resources, lack of policy socialization, lack of infrastructure. Implementation of Medicine Procurement is carried out based on the Permenkes RI No. 63 of 2014. Obstacles from providers such as lacking or slow response, drug items available in e-catalogs are inadequate, there is a time limit of absorption, the drug cannot be distributed due to stock vacancy, changes in composition, and drugs that are nearing expired.
Analisis Faktor Faktor yang berhubungan dengan Pelaksanaan Pendidikan Kesehatan Oleh Perawat di Ruang Rawat Inap RS PMC
Authors: Ezdha Awaliyah Ulfah Ayudytha , Habibah Ummu , Elka Fitri Dwi
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT

The hospital as a provider of health services in the form of maintaining and improving health and aims to achieve optimal health status for the community. One indicator of the quality of nursing services is whether the nursing services provided are satisfying the patient or not. One of the roles performed by nurses is to carry out health education in discharge planning for patients in the inpatient room. Health education is very important to be carried out by a nurse. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors related to the implementation of health education by nurses in the Inpatient at PMC Hospital. The research design used is a quantitative method with analytic cross-sectional study design. This research was conducted at Pekanbaru Medical Center Hospital with a sample of 35 nurses on duty at the hospital according to inclusion criteria. From the results of the study found factors related to the implementation of health education by nurses in the inpatient room of the PMC Hospital : Length of Work (p value 0.010), Training attended (p value = 0,000) and Level of Knowledge (p value = 0.002). This means that factors related to the implementation of health education by nurses must be maintained and considered by management to improve the implementation of health education by nurses so that the quality of service and satisfaction can be improved.
Effects of Palm Oil Addition on Starch and Dietary Fiber Contents of Parboiled Rice
Authors: Gita Addelia Nevara  , Refdi Cesar Welya
Published: March 2020

The formation of lipids and amylose complex is known to increase the resistance of starch towards digestive enzyme and acts like dietary fiber, thus the effects of palm oil addition during parboiling process on rice starch and dietary fiber contents were examined. High amylose rice grain (IR42) was used as a raw material. Modified parboiled rice prepared by adding different amount of palm oil (i.e 10%, 15% and 20% of total grain) during heating process. The results showed that the treatments affect starch and dietary fiber contents of parboiled rice significantly.  The results of this study are expected to contribute in the development of modified rice as an alternative diet to prevent and decrease the number of type 2 diabetics.
Deskripsi Pengetahuan Pasien Fraktur Tentang Perawatan Selama Penyembuhan Di Poli Bedah Orthopedi RSUD Arifin Achmad Provinsi Riau
Authors: Buana Anjaswati Restu , Yarnita Yeni
Published: March 2020

Fraktur disebabkan oleh trauma dan bisa terjadi akibat adanya tekanan yang berlebihan dibandingkan kemampuan tulang dalam menahan tekanan, perawatan fraktur terdiri dari perawatan luka, menghilangkan nyeri, mencegah komplikasi, dan gizi pada pasien fraktur . Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan populasi yaitu seluruh pasien fraktur di Poli Bedah Orthopedi RSUD Arifin Achmad Provinsi Riau. Populasi dan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah pasien fraktur yang ada di poli bedah orthopedi yang berjumlah 65 responden dengan teknik  pengambilan sampel yaitu accidental sampling dengan iriteria inklusi dan eklusi. Alat pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan kuisioner tentang pengetahuan tentang perawatan selama proses penyembuhan pada fraktur. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa pengetahuan responden dalam kategori baik 1.5% (1), kategori cukup 58.5%  dan kategori kurang 40% (26) responden. Dari hasil penelitian ini diharapkan pihak rumah sakit, agar dapat meningkatkan edukasi pada pasien fraktur terkait perawatan selama proses penyembuhan di poli orthopedi RSUD Arifin Achmad Provinsi Riau
DETERMINAN PENERAPAN 3M PLUS OLEH PENDERITA DBD DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS PAYUNG SEKAKI KECAMATAN PAYUNG SEKAKI KOTA PEKANBARU
Authors: Rasyid Zulmeliza , Susanti Nurvi , Hasrianto Nofri
Published: March 2020

Penerapan 3M Plus adalah segala bentuk kegiatan pencegahan menaburkan bubuk larvasida pada tempat penampungan air yang sulit dibersihkan, menggunakan obat nyamuk atau anti nyamuk, menggunakan kelambu saat tidur, memelihara ikan pemangsa jentik nyamuk, menanam tanaman pengusir nyamuk, mengatur cahaya,ventilasi dalam rumah, menghindari kebiasaan menggantung pakaian di dalam rumah yang bias menjadi tempat istirahatnyamuk. Data angka kejadian DBD di wilayah kerja puskesmas Payung Sekaki Tahun 2016 sebanyak 145 orang , jumlah kematian 1 orang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui determinan penerapan 3M Plus .Desain yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah analitik kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel penelitian ini seluruh penderita DBD Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Payung Sekaki sebanyak 145 orang. Metode pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara Quota Sampling. Pengolahan data secara komputerisasi. Analisis yang digunakan analisis univariat, bivariate dan multivariat. Hasil uji chi square antara Pengetahuan dengan penerapan 3M Plus diperoleh p value=0,000, Sikap dengan penerapan 3M Plus diperoleh pvalue=0,000, Tindakanpenerapan 3M Plus diperoleh p value = 0,000 sedangkan variabel yang dominan berpengaruh adalah Sikap dengan p value = 0,000 POR (95% CI ) 6.155 (2,437-15,554). Disarankan kepada pihak puskesmas untuk dapat memaksimalkan pemberian informasi kesehatan oleh petugas kesehatan dalam menyebarluaska informasi ataupun penyuluhan tentang penerapan 3M Plus.
FAKTOR RISIKO KEJADIAN ISPA NON PNEUMONIA PADA ANAK BALITA DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS HARAPAN RAYA KOTA PEKANBARU
Authors: Nahabila T. Sy Rafni , Lapau Buchari , - Herniwanti -
Published: March 2020

ISPA Non pneumonia is a symptom of cough that does not show symptoms of an increase in the frequency of breath and does not also show the pull of the lower chest wall towards the inside. The purpose of this study was to find out the factors associated with the incidence of ISPA non-pneumonia in children under five in the working area of Harapan Raya Community Health Center in Pekanbaru City in 2018. This research was quantitative observational analytic with the type of Analytical Cross-sectional Study design. This study was conducted from June to July 2018. Data analysis was carried out in stages which included univariate analysis, bivariate analysis and multivariate analysis. The sampling procedure was carried out by systematic random sampling with a sample of 212 toddlers. The results of the study showed that toddlers who suffered from ISPA non-pneumonia in the sample were 60.44%. And in the population is 60.44% ± 5% = 55.44% -65.44%. Variables related to cause and effect are mosquito coils, the presence of smokers and room temperature. Variables are inversely correlated, namely natural lighting variables. Counfounding variable is the variable of ventilation against natural lighting variables. Unrelated variables are humidity, ventilation, house walls, density of house occupancy, cooking fuel usage, age, and sex.
FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PENYALAHGUNAAN NARKOBA PADA NARAPIDANA REMAJA DI LEMBAGA PEMASYARAKATAN KELAS II.A TEMBILAHAN
Authors: Maharani Riri - , - Rahayu -
Published: March 2020

Narkoba adalah singkatan dari narkotika, psikotropika dan bahan adiktif lainnya. Pada tahun 2015 Pengguna maupun pengedar narkotika diperkirakan sekitar 5 juta orang atau 2,8% dimana terdapat pada remaja yang berusia 12-25 tahun ditaksir sekitar 14.000 orang. Data Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Kelas II.A Tembilahan pada tahun 2015 didapatkan data jumlah narapidana remaja berusia 12-25 tahun sebanyak 169 narapidana remaja. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Penyalahgunaan Narkoba Pada Narapidana Remaja Di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Kelas II. A Tembilahan. Metode penelitian adalah analitik kuantatif dengan desain penelitian cross sectional. Sampel penelitian ini adalah narapidana remaja dengan berbagai kasus kriminal di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Kelas II.A Tembilahan berjumlah 61 responden. Teknik pengambilan sampel adalah non random sampling dengan metode purposive sampling. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis univariat dan bivariat dengan uji Chi-square, alat ukur kuesioner dan pengolahan data menggunakan komputerisasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan P Value 0,018, sikap P Value 0,026, keluarga P Value 0,012, teman sebaya P Value 0,032, lingkungan masyarakat P Value 0,037 dengan penyalahgunaan narkoba (P< 0.05). Disarankan ke instansi terkait yaitu Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Kelas II.A Tembilahan melalui pemerintah dibawah BNNP (Badan Narkotika Nasional Provinsi) dan BNNK (Badan Narkotika Nasional Kota) hendaknya agar lebih giat dalam memberantas NARKOBA yang berkaitan dengan masalah penyalahgunaan.
EKSTRAKSI DAN OPTIMASI VITAMIN E DARI FRAKSI NON POLAR CRUDE PALM OIL (CPO)
Authors: Hilma Rahmiwati , Anggita Anggi Fisi , Ikhtiarudin Ihsan
Published: March 2020

Vitamin E has many benefits for human health. Besides being known as supplements, vitamin E is known to have activities as an anticancer compound, preventing premature aging, preventing cardiovascular diseases and other degenerative diseases. In this study carried out the extraction and optimization process of vitamin E from sample non-polar fraction of fresh CPO. The extraction process was carried out by saponification reaction, vitamin E optimization was carried out on the non-polar fraction with the addition of methanol, then to the oil fraction added 2-propanol (1%) in hexane. From the fresh CPO samples used, it was seen that the samples met the quality standards of fresh CPO. From the results of extraction and optimization of vitamin E, it was found that the yield was quite large (52.77%). Characterization results with TLC and analyzed with UV light at a wavelength of 254 and 366 nm seen vitamin E still has 2 stains, the possibility was tocopherol and tootrienol which was usually components contained in vitamin E.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA DUKUNGAN SOSIAL DENGAN PENGAMBANGAN AMAL USAHA KESEHATAN PERSYARIKATAN MUHAMMADIYAH
Authors: Widiyanto Juli , Kurniawan Ronni
Published: March 2020

Hampir diseluruh wilayah Indonesia muhammadiyah memiliki amal usaha berbasiskan kesehatan seperti rumah sakit, atau Pembina kesejahteraan Umat (PKU), klinik maupun rumah bersalin. Namun perkembangan fasilitas kesehatan tersebut tidak merata pada semua daerah temasuk provinsi riau. Hasil survey di Provinsi riau khususnya kota pekanbaru, sejak berdirinya persyarikatan muhammadiyah sampai sekarang belum terlihat memiliki rumah sakit sebagai pusat rujukan bagi warga persyarikatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis Hubungan Antara Dukungan Sosial dengan Pengembangan Amal Usaha Kesehatan Persyarikatan di Kota Pekanbaru. Metode : Penenlitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan desain Cross Sectional Study, Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh Pengurus PDM dan PWM di Kota Pekanbaru yang berjumlah 25 responden. Instrumen yang gunakan adalah kuesioner dalam bentuk scala likert. Uji statistik menggunakan uji korelasi person chi square. Hasil : hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara dukungan sosial dengan pengembangan amal usaha kesehatan persyarikatan muhammadiyah yang dibuktikan dengan nilai P-value < 0,05 yaitu 0,009 dengan OR : 15,6 dan CI95% : 1,4-164,3. Kesimpulan : Dukungan social sangat berkontribusi terhadap pengambangan amal usaha kesehatan di kota pekanbaru, sehingga Diharapkan kepada persyarikatan dapat lebih mengembangkan amal usaha kesehatan muhammadiyah dan dapat digunakan sebagai sumber masukan untuk dasar kebijakan persyarikatan dalam pengembangan amal usaha kesehatan persyarikatan.
Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Keikutsertaan Ibu Hamil Dalam Kelas Ibu Hamil
Authors: Desmariyenti Desmariyenti , Hartati Susi
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Pregnant women class is a learning facility for pregnant women in undergoing the process of pregnancy and postpartum. Based on the preliminary survey conducted by researchers in the work area of ​​Payung Sekaki Primary Health Center, it was obtained data that the narration of midwives working in the work area of ​Payung Sekaki Primary Health Center was indeed carried out, but there were still many pregnant women who had not utilized maternal facilities optimally.  The purpose of this study is the Factors Associated with the Participation of Pregnant Women in the Work Area Payung Sekaki Primary Health Center 2018. This type of research is quantitative using correlation analysis with Chi-square. The population in the study amounted to 297 people, with a total sample of 75 people with accidental sampling technique. This research was carried out in the work area of ​​Payung Sekaki Primary Health Center Pekanbaru on 05 to 28 July 2018. The results showed that there was a relationship between knowledge and maternal participation in the class of pregnant women in the work area of Payung Sekaki Primary Health Center with a p-value = 0,000, there was a relationship between parity with the participation of pregnant women in the Working Area of ​​Payung Sekaki  Primary Health Center  with a p-value = 0.025 and there is a relationship of family support with the participation of pregnant women in the work area of Payung Sekaki Primary Health Center with a p-value = 0.03 with a degree of Error α = 0,1.

Keywords         : Knowledge, parity, family support, participation of pregnant women

Bibliography   : 15 References (2007-2018).
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN TERJADINYA HIPERTENSI PADA PASIEN RAWAT JALAN DI PUSKESMAS PAYUNG SEKAKI PEKANBARU
Authors: Ningrum Trisiwi Kusuma , Khairunnas Nidya Kusuma
Published: March 2020

Hipertensi merupakan penyakit yang tidak menular, tetapi hampir setiap orang mengalami penyakit ini. Hipertensi dapat  pengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor antara lain faktor umur, keturunan, merokok, jenis kelamin, dan riwayat hipertensi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor apa saja yang berhubungan dengan terjadinya hipertensi di Puskesmas Payung Sekaki Pekanbaru.  Desain  penelitian yang digunakan adalah case control  dengan mengidentifikasi kelompok dengan efek tertentu ( kasus) dan kelompok tanpa efek ( kontrol). Sampel pada penelitian ini berjumlah  42 orang responden dengan teknik pengambilan sampel  purposive sampling dengan menggunakan dua kelompok sampel yaitu kelompok kasus yaitu pada penderita hipertensi yang ada riwayat hipertensi sebelumnya dan kelompok kontrol yaitu pada penderita hipertensi yang tidak ada riwayat hipertensi sebelumnya. yang diambil secara accidental Sampling. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan hasil faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan terjadinya hipertensi pada pasien  adalah faktor riwayat keturunan dengan nilai PV <0.05 ( 0.003) NIlai OR hasil penelitian 9,067 dengan   95% CI = 2,306 – 35,650.  Di harapkan kepada instansi tempat penelitian untuk meningkatkan program edukasi kesehatan tentang faktor – faktor yang berhubungan dengan terjadinya hipertensi sehingga masyarakat dapat melakukan  upaya preventif sejak dini untuk mencegah terjadinya penyakit hipertensi.
PENGARUH EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KEMANGI (Ocimum Basilium) SEBAGAI INSEKTISIDA TERHADAP NYAMUK DENGAN METODE ELEKTRIK
Authors: Marliza Hesti , Fenida Rizka
Published: March 2020

Kandungan aktif yang terdapat dalam  kemangi diperkiraan dapat digunakan sebagai insektisida alternative beberapa senyawa yang ada dalam kemangi adalah eugenol  dalam eugenol sendiri terdapat senyawa saponin dan flavonoid. Saponin dapat merusak kutikula nyamuk dan mengganggu sistim pernafasan pada nyamuk, sedangkan flavonoid menyebabkan permeabilitas rongga badan pada nyamuk menjadi rusak.. Metode penelitian eksperimental dengan pendekatan post test-only control group design  perlakuan dengan memberikan ekstrak etanol daun kemangi dengan konsentrasi 100 %, 80 %, 60 %, 40 % dan 20 % terhadap nyamuk secara random dan diberi perlakuan serta ada pengontrolnya kemudian dibandingkan untuk menentukan keefektifan treatment. Dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan didapatkan hasil konsentrasi 100 % menunjukkan pengaruh insektisida paling besar dengan kematian 100 % selama 24 jam. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun kemangi member pengaruh sebagai insektisida terhadap nyamuk dengan metode elektrik.
PERBANDINGAN NILAI KEKUATAN TARIK KOMPOSIT MENGGUNAKAN METODE HAND LAY UP DAN METODE VARI
Authors: Utami Lega Putri , Ginting Delovita , Nasution Ahmad Kafrawi , Istana Budi
Published: March 2020

Some Types of the method of making composite materials are the Vacuum Assited Resin Infusion (VARI) Method and the Hand Lay Up Method. The purpose of this study was to compare the tensile strength of composite materials made using the hand lay up and VARI methods. The types of fibers used as composite materials are palm frond fibers and matrices used in polyester resin. Composites reinforced with palm fronds are printed using the hand lay up and VARI methods. The results showed the value of composite tensile strength with the hand lay up method of 27.37 MPa and composite tensile strength using the VARI method of 28.40 MPa. From the results of the study, the differences in the tensile strength values of the two methods were obtained.
Sustainable characteristics of the vernacular house and its impact to the building physics
Authors: Örnek Enes
Published: March 2020

In the historical process, human being, who has been in constant relationship with the environment that he lived in, has shaped and changed nature according to his own wishes since the day he was there. This form of development was firstly introduced in the form of protection and struggle, and later became permanent and organic by discovering the need for accommodation. Nowadays, the demand for sustainable design, products and services is growing, and the awareness of the importance of energy and fuel savings is increasing. Vernacular structures are constructed with the most suitable materials and components depending on the climatic characteristics they are in. Space organization and orientations are still depending on climate and land conditions have been created in the right way. In this paper, Vernacular Safranbolu Houses were examined in terms of sustainability, and energy efficiency properties were investigated. The layout of the houses, the planning features, the materials used in the houses and the materials resources in the region were examined. Considering the Safranbolu houses within the framework of sustainability, it can be said that these houses provide sustainability conditions in terms of planning and environment. Most of the houses have passive architectural planning features and applications that can be an example of sustainable architecture of sustainable life. The characteristics of these houses can be used in today's buildings.
Investigation of zero energy house design: Principles concepts opportunities and challenges
Authors: Ikbal Altintas Hasan
Published: March 2020

This research paper examines the concept of zero energy house in details. A lot of literature was revised to define the zero-energy house and identify its application worldwide. Furthermore, several key trends triggered by zero energy houses were reviewed and mentioned to indicate at the importance of this hot topic of 21st century. Besides, issues and challanges facing this concept were discussed. Technological, economical, instiutional barriers are only few of many barriers discussed in this research paper that have huge impacts on the concept of zero energy houses. Later on, two different studies conducted in distinct locations were examined. The first study used TRNSYS building sofware along with the lumped capacitance building model to investigate the thermal performance of net zero energy house for the sub-zero temperature areas. It aimed at creating the net zero cost-effective energy house for the ares with sub-zero weather conditions. The findings have shown that there is a good tendency for the construction of zero energy houses. The second study aimed to design a zero-energy house in Brisbane, Australia by using the EnergyPlus 8.1 building simulation sofware. Energy performance, potential energy savings and financial feasibility of zero energy house was analyzed. After a thorough investigation, results have shown that designing a zero-energy house in Brisbane sounds like an attractive and possible choice. From the financial aspect, it seems that building a zero-energy house would definetely pay off.
The impact of access to credit on process innovation
Authors: Aidoo Abdul Wahab
Published: March 2020

The effectiveness of a firm mostly depends on the capability of the managers to obtain flexible credits for the implementation of sustainable innovations. The aim of this study is focused on the impact of access to credit on process innovations in SMEs. Data from the manufacturing and the service sectors of the economies of Africa and the Middle East are collected from the World Bank’s Enterprise Survey database. The survey employs random sampling to select firms in each country and they are stratified based on the number of employees. The sampled observations are scaled down from 136,887 to 33,977 firms covering 53 countries due to the scope of this research. The factors of access to credit are the independent variables of this research: the working capital from a commercial bank, overdraft facility, lines of credit, external auditing of accounts, and working capital from suppliers. The dependent variable is process innovation. The results show that there are significance levels of p-values below 1% although some of the Pearson correlation coefficients of the independent variables with the dependent variable are not too high. The factors of access to credit used in the regression model have a significant impact on process innovation. The findings from the analysis help the policy directions of managers.
Construction and performance evaluation of a conventional solar distiller
Authors: Khechekhouche Abderrahmane , Elsharif Nabil , Kermerchou Imad , Sadoun Ali
Published: March 2020

The distillation of water has become a necessity to reduce the demand for drinking water and many of the poor regions in the world do not have the means to have this technique therefore they use solar distillation, which is a simple economic and environmental technique . This technique suffers from low productivity, which is why researchers are trying to improve solar stills. In this work we show the choice of prototype distillers and we also show the technique of the study followed by researchers in this field.
The Dynamics of the Magnetic-field-free Cavity around Comets
Authors: Nemeth Z.
Published: March 2020

The diamagnetic cavity is the innermost region of the magnetosphere of an active comet, from which the magnetic field is expelled by the outflowing matter. This phenomenon, first detected around comet 1P/Halley, was extensively studied recently by the Rosetta comet chaser mission. Rosetta observed a surprisingly large diamagnetic cavity around comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko and revealed an unforeseen structure, rich and highly dynamic. Here we present a simple (1+1)-dimensional analytic MHD model of the diamagnetic cavity, which for the first time explains the unexpected size and variability of the cavity. In this model, inward and outward moving time-dependent solutions emerge, featuring distinct differences, in accordance with observations. The plasma density is enhanced in the entire magnetized region. The density enhancement is more pronounced for weak comets, resulting in a stronger interaction and hence the larger than expected cavity. Space weather effects determine the asymptotic plasma speed, thus driving the variations of the plasma properties observed near the cavity.
Atmosphere Origins for Exoplanet Sub-Neptunes
Authors: Kite Edwin S. , Fegley Jr. Bruce , Schaefer Laura , Ford Eric B.
Published: March 2020

Planets with 2 R
⊕ < R < 3 R
⊕ and orbital period <100 days are abundant; these sub-Neptune exoplanets are not well understood. For example, Kepler sub-Neptunes are likely to have deep magma oceans in contact with their atmospheres, but little is known about the effect of the magma on the atmosphere. Here we study this effect using a basic model, assuming that volatiles equilibrate with magma at T ∼ 3000 K. For our Fe–Mg–Si–O–H model system, we find that chemical reactions between the magma and the atmosphere and dissolution of volatiles into the magma are both important. Thus, magma matters. For H, most moles go into the magma, so the mass target for both H2 accretion and H2 loss models is weightier than is usually assumed. The known span of magma oxidation states can produce sub-Neptunes that have identical radius but with total volatile masses varying by 20-fold. Thus, planet radius is a proxy for atmospheric composition but not for total volatile content. This redox diversity degeneracy can be broken by measurements of atmosphere mean molecular weight. We emphasize H2 supply by nebula gas, but also consider solid-derived H2O. We find that adding H2O to Fe probably cannot make enough H2 to explain sub-Neptune radii because  >103 km thick outgassed atmospheres have high mean molecular weight. The hypothesis of magma–atmosphere equilibration links observables such as atmosphere H2O/H2 ratio to magma FeO content and planet formation processes. Our model’s accuracy is limited by the lack of experiments (lab and/or numerical) that are specific to sub-Neptunes; we advocate for such experiments.
Massive Stars in the SDSS-IV-APOGEE Survey: Wolf–Rayet Stars of the WN Type
Authors: Roman-Lopes Alexandre , Román-Zúñiga Carlos G. , Borissova Jura , Ramírez-Preciado Valeria , Hernández Jesús , Minniti Dante
Published: March 2020

In this paper, we describe the results obtained in our study of Galactic Wolf–Rayet stars of the WN type, using the APOGEE2 spectrographs. The APOGEE2 WN star near-infrared spectra presented here were selected through a careful examination of the APOGEE2 DR16 sample, being compound of at least one exemplar of each Wolf–Rayet star from WN4 to WN11 types. Besides the APOGEE2 WN sample, we also identified three new Galactic exemplars of the WN type. The first is WR 147–1, a narrow-lined Wolf–Rayet star of the WN4-5 type located in the direction of the Cygnus-X North complex. The two remaining objects, WR 48–11 and WR 48–12, are found at projected angular distances of several arcminutes southwest from the Danks 1 cluster. WR 48–12 has an estimated heliocentric distance of

kpc, which is not compatible (within the quoted uncertainties) with that of about 3.8 ± 0.6 kpc for the G305 complex. On the other hand, WR 48–11 has a probable heliocentric distance of

kpc, which is about three times that of the former, implying that it is probably placed well behind the G305 complex, perhaps at the outermost portion of the Perseus arm.
Bombus (Pyrobombus) jonellus (Kirby, 1802) in the north-western Russian Plain: its distribution and ecology
Authors: Potapov GS , Kolosova YuS
Published: March 2020

The fauna and ecology of bumblebees in the European North are quite well-studied. However, there is a scarcity of information about the distribution and ecology of certain species of bumblebees, especially for the territory of Northern Russia. In this study, we summarised materials concerning Bombus (Pyrobombus) jonellus (Kirby, 1802), which is typical bumblebee species for the north-western portion of the Russian Plain and surrounding areas. The studied territory includes the Arkhangelsk Region and the western part of the Nenets Autonomous District, i.e. a wide strip from taiga to tundra ecosystems. Due to the studies of materials that were collected over a period 17 years, we established thatB. jonellusis widely distributed and the northern border of its range within the studied region reaches the northern part of the Kanin Peninsula. In the north-western Russian Plain,B. jonellushas been found in various types of habitats, the most common being coniferous and birch forests, secondary meadows and ruderal patches. In the Solovetsky Islands, White Sea, Russia,B. jonellusis typical on coastal heathlands. In the northern part of the studied region,B. jonellushas a tendency to forage in open habitats and visits a wide range of entomophilous plants, mostly of the family Ericaceae. Our findings highlight that the territory of the north-western Russian Plain and surrounding areas is whereB. jonellusis widely distributed and abundant, being recorded in different types of habitats.
Physicochemical fundamentals of phase formation in silicon layers implanted with oxygen and carbon
Authors: Aleshin Andrey N. , Enisherlova Kira L.
Published: March 2020

The thermodynamic and kinetic regularities of processes occurring during heat treatment in silicon layers implanted with oxygen and carbon ions have been considered. We have analyzed the regularities of silicon deformation, impurity distribution and defect formation after different annealing modes. Diffusion smearing of implanted impurities in these layers has not been observed during carbon and oxygen implantation. As-annealed carbon does not occupy sites of the silicon lattice, in contrast to the implantation behavior of other impurities, e.g. boron and phosphorus. Phase formation regularities in implanted layers during subsequent heat treatment have been analyzed. Changes in the free energy of the system during heterogeneous and homogeneous precipitate nucleation have been compared. Sequential implantation with carbon and oxygen ions has been found to initiate diffusion flows of carbon and oxygen toward the center of the ion doped layer (the uphill diffusion phenomenon). The possibility of uphill diffusion has been analyzed from the standpoints of the Onsager theory. We show that the contribution of the chemical interaction between oxygen and carbon is far greater than the entropy contribution to the diffusion flux. We have demonstrated the high efficiency of ion doping with oxygen and carbon for gettering of uncontrolled impurities from active regions of silicon structures. The efficiency of this gettering process has been assessed for epitaxial structures in which layers had been grown on silicon wafers implanted with these impurities. Uphill diffusion in the layers after double doping with carbon and oxygen has led to the formation of more defects which may provide for efficient gettering. We have found the optimal oxygen and carbon implantation dose ratio for maximal gettering efficiency.
Safety features of fast reactor with heavy atomic weight weakly neutron absorbing reflector
Authors: Kulikov Gennady G. , Shmelev Anatoly N. , Apse Vladimir A. , Kulikov Evgeny G.
Published: March 2020

The purpose of the present study is the justification of the possibility of improving fast reactor safety by surrounding reactor cores with reflectors made of material with special neutron physics properties.

Such properties of 208Pb lead isotope as heavy atomic weight, small neutron absorption cross section, and high inelastic scattering threshold result in certain peculiarities in neutron kinetics of the fast reactor equipped with 208Pb reflector, which can significantly enhance reactor safety.

The reflector will also make possible generation of additional delayed neutrons characterized by the “dead” time. This will improve the resistibility of the fission chain reaction to stepwise reactivity excursions and exclude prompt supercriticality. Let us note that generation of additional delayed neutrons can be shaped by reactor designers.

The relevance of the study amounts to the fact that generation of additional delayed neutrons in the reflector will make it possible mitigating the consequences of a reactivity accident even if the introduced reactivity exceeds the effective fraction of delayed neutrons. At the same time, the role of the fraction of delayed neutrons as the maximum permissible reactivity for reactor safety is depreciated.

Scientific originality of the study pertains to the fact that the problem of yield of additional neutrons with properties close to normal delayed neutrons, has not been posed before. The authors suggest a new method for enhancing safety of fast reactors by increasing the fraction of delayed neutrons due to the time delay of prompt neutrons during their transfer in the reflector.

In order to benefit from the expected advantages, the following combination is acceptable: lead enriched by 208Pb is used as a neutron reflector while natural lead or other material (sodium, etc.) is used as a coolant in the reactor core.
La judiciarisation de l’avortement en Amérique latine et les limites de la citoyenneté
Authors: Bohórquez Monsalve Viviana , Díez Jordi , Picasso Uvalle Nora , Robert Garance
Published: March 2020

Le phénomène de judiciarisation de la politique en Amérique latine s’est notamment traduit par un essor de l’autonomie de plusieurs Cours suprêmes ou constitutionnelles, une indépendance qui leur a permis d’entrer pleinement dans les débats actuels relatifs aux droits reproductifs. Cet article présente une analyse de ce phénomène, en se focalisant sur quatre décisions relatives à l’avortement, rendues par ces hautes instances juridiques, en Argentine, en Colombie, au Costa Rica et au Mexique. Il détaille les arguments que ces tribunaux ont présentés pour défendre ou s’opposer au droit à l’avortement, et évalue la manière dont ils ont contribué ou non, à l’égalité des sexes. Depuis une perspective historique, il s’agit d’examiner la question de l’intégration des femmes en tant que sujets de plein droit dans des démocraties qui leur garantissent théoriquement une citoyenneté à part entière. L’analyse suggère que, dans trois cas – en Argentine, en Colombie et au Mexique – les verdicts ont révélé des progrès significatifs dans la démocratisation de ces pays, en élargissant effectivement la dimension égalitaire de la démocratie. Dans ces trois cas, l’on peut parler d’une inclusion partielle des femmes dans la citoyenneté, tant des restrictions concernant les raisons acceptables pour interrompre une grossesse continuent à être opérantes. Le cas du Costa Rica prend le contre-pied de cette tendance, puisqu’il admet la primauté au droit à la vie de l’enfant à naître sur tout autre droit des individus féminins. Le droit à l’avortement au Costa Rica se limite donc aux situations dans lesquelles la grossesse met en danger la vie de la femme enceinte.
L’euro-isation de l’Europe
Authors: Sacriste Guillaume , Vauchez Antoine
Published: March 2020

Cet article analyse l’émergence d’un nouveau gouvernement européen, celui de l’euro, construit pour une large part à la marge du cadre institutionnel de l’Union. Ce faisant, il rend compte d’un processus de transformation de l’Europe (Union européenne et États membres), qu’on qualifie ici « d’€-isation de l’Europe », autour de trois dimensions : 1) la formation en son cœur d’un puissant pôle des Trésors, des banques centrales et des bureaucraties financières nationales et européennes ; 2) la consolidation d’un système de surveillance européen des politiques économiques des États membres ; 3) la progressive re-hiérarchisation des priorités politiques et des politiques publiques de l’Union européenne comme des États membres autour d’une priorité donnée à la stabilité financière, à l’équilibre budgétaire et aux réformes structurelles. L’article permet ainsi de redéfinir la nature des « contraintes » que la gestion de la monnaie unique fait peser sur les économies des États membres, des contraintes moins juridiques que socio-politiques, moins extérieures et surplombantes qu’immanentes et diffuses, et au final étroitement liées à la position clé désormais occupée par le réseau transnational de bureaucraties financières dans la définition des problèmes et des politiques européennes.
Impact of the Reference Point for Epithelial Thickness Measurements
Authors: Arba-Mosquera Samuel , Awwad Shady T.
Published: March 2020

PURPOSE:

To analyze the implications of different reference points on the read-out of epithelial thickness mapping.

METHODS:

A simulation for changing the reference point from normal-to-the-surface tangent to parallel vertical sections quantifying its effect on the read-out of epithelial thickness mapping has been developed. The simulation includes a simple modeling of corneal epithelial profiles and allows the analytical quantification of the differences in the read-out from normal-to-the-surface tangent to parallel vertical sections epithelial thickness mapping.

RESULTS:

The difference in the read-out between parallel vertical sections and normal-to-the-surface tangent epithelial thickness mapping increases for steeper corneas, but it is not largely affected by asphericity. The difference increases for thicker epithelia.

CONCLUSIONS:

The reference point for determining the readout of epithelial thickness mapping should be taken into account when interpreting output. Using conventional epithelial thickness map readings (normal-to-the surface tangent) in transepithelial ablations (representing close to parallel vertical sections) may result in induced refractive errors that can be quantified using simple theoretical simulations, because the center-to-periphery progression of the corneal epithelial profile deviates from the progression of the ablated one. Adjustments for the epithelial thickness read-out or, alternatively, for the target sphere can be easily derived.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2020;36(2):200–207.]
Fit for Diversity: A Staff-Driven Organizational Development Process Based on the Organizational Health Literacy Responsiveness Framework
Authors: Aaby Anna , Palner Sanne , Maindal Helle Terkildsen
Published: March 2020

Working toward equity in health requires attention to local needs. Organizational health literacy responsiveness is defined as the way health information and resources are made available and accessible to people. This case study aims to investigate the feasibility of the the Organizational Health Literacy Responsiveness (Org-HLR) process in developing a health literacy strategy in a Danish municipal rehabilitation unit. The Org-HLR investigates organizational health literacy responsiveness within six domains: (1) leadership and culture; (2) systems, processes, and policies; (3) access to services and programs; (4) community engagement and partnerships; (5) communication practices and standards; and (6) workforce. During three workshops, we applied the appropriate tools to allow staff and management to reflect upon and self-assess local organizational health literacy needs and develop and prioritize ideas for improvement. During the Org-HLR self-assessment, 62 ideas for improvement were identified. After prioritization, the unit produced an action plan with 11 items to develop health literacy responsiveness. The co-creational strategy ensured broad participation, which may increase the likelihood of successful implementation. To become health literacy responsive, organizations need to develop local strategies. This study confirmed the Org-HLR as a feasible approach to identify organizational health literacy needs and to guide organizational health literacy improvements

. [
HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice
. 2020;4(1):e79–e83.]
The geography of urban environmental protection in Slovenia: The case of Ljubljana
Authors: Smrekar Aleš , Breg Valjavec Mateja , Polajnar Horvat Katarina , Tiran Jernej
Published: March 2020

This paper uses findings from sustainability studies to present the development of environmental urban geography in Slovenia in recent decades. Modern European cities, of which Ljubljana is no exception, depart significantly from sustainable development concepts. Compared to other similar cities, Ljubljana has an effective green space system, which its residents also perceive as offering a better-quality living environment. The major, poorly addressed problems are primarily inherited issues, such as gravel pits, illegal dumping sites, and unregulated gardens in suburbanized water protection areas on which residents depend. These, however, show a large gap between claimed and actual environmental awareness.
Automation of Distributing the Teaching Load to Increase the Effectiveness of Planning of Work of the Teaching Staff
Authors: Khoroshko Leonid Leonidovich , Vikulin Maxim Alexandrovich
Published: March 2020

The article describes the developed algorithm for the formation of the training load, covering the whole cycle of operations, including: obtaining the initial data and its processing, aggregating the disciplines, calculating the hours, forming a list of teachers, and downloading the information as the form of a spreadsheet.
Effective Assessment of Computer Science Capstone Projects and Student Outcomes
Authors: Abu Salem Fatima , Damaj Issam , Hamandi Lama , Zantout Rached
Published: March 2020

A capstone project is a culminating experience that entails creativity, critical thinking, and advanced problem-solving skills. To that end, capstone projects enable students to prove their abilities, demonstrate their attained skills, and carry out a significant project in their field. In Computer Science Bachelor programs, there is a strong mapping between learning outcomes of capstone projects and all student learning outcomes. This paper presents an assessment framework for capstone courses that allows for sound evaluations of the performance of students and project qualities; besides assessing the student outcomes of the program. The developed framework comprises criteria, indicators, extensive analytic rubrics, and a summative statistical formulation. The presented course and framework are supported by the results, analysis, and evaluation of a pilot study for a single institution to explore the effectiveness of the proposed tool.
Automated Seizure Classification Using Deep Neural Network Based on Autoencoder
Authors: Sharma Rahul , Sircar Pradip , Pachori Ram Bilas
Published: March 2020

A neurological abnormality in the brain that manifests as a seizure is the prime risk of epilepsy. The earlier and accurate detection of the epileptic seizure is the foremost task for the diagnosis of epilepsy. In this chapter, a nonlinear deep neural network is used for seizure classification. The proposed network is based on the autoencoder that significantly explores the non-linear dynamics of the electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. It involves the traditional deep neural domain expertise to extract the features from the raw data in order to fit a deep neural network-based learning model and predicts the class of the unknown seizures. The EEG signals are subjected to an autoencoder-based neural network that unintendedly extracts the significant attributes that are applied to the softmax classifier. The achieved classification accuracy is up to 100% on different publicly available Bonn University database classes. The proposed algorithm is suitable for real-time implementation.
A Novel Artificial Intelligence Technique for Analysis of Real-Time Electro-Cardiogram Signal for the Prediction of Early Cardiac Ailment Onset
Authors: Bhatia Dinesh , Mishra Animesh
Published: March 2020

The role of ECG analysis in the diagnosis of cardio-vascular ailments has been significant in recent times. Although effective, the present computational algorithms lack accuracy, and no technique till date is capable of predicting the onset of a CVD condition with precision. In this chapter, the authors attempt to formulate a novel mapping technique based on feature extraction using fractional Fourier transform (FrFT) and map generation using self-organizing maps (SOM). FrFT feature extraction from the ECG data has been performed in a manner reminiscent of short time Fourier transform (STFT). Results show capability to generate maps from the isolated ECG wavetrains with better prediction capability to ascertain the onset of CVDs, which is not possible using conventional algorithms. Promising results provide the ability to visualize the data in a time evolution manner with the help of maps and histograms to predict onset of different CVD conditions and the ability to generate the required output with unsupervised training helping in greater generalization than previous reported techniques.
Design of Healthcare Assistant Using EEG Signals for Stress
Authors: Salankar Nilima
Published: March 2020

Stress is a matter of concern for every age group. In this chapter, the author has focused on the age group 17-24 (five males and five females), who have just completed senior secondary and entered into an undergraduate course, who are vulnerable to cope up with the situation of transition. The focus of the chapter is on the design of the study protocol to identify stress levels by using induced stress tests like Stroop color test and arithmetic three-level (easy, medium, and hard) test. Data is divided into bands delta theta alpha beta and gamma by using four levels of discrete wavelet transform, and features extracted are Hjorth parameters activity, mobility, and complexity from the combination of channels and band levels. The accuracy achieved for stress and no-stress for male vs. male, female vs. female, and male vs. female is in the range 93-98% for the combination of channels at the frontal position and at band delta theta alpha beta and gamma whereas less involvement has been observed for other lobes parietal, temporal, and occipital.
Evolutionary Intelligence-Based Feature Descriptor Selection for Efficient Identification of Anti-Cancer Peptides
Authors: Singh Deepak , Sisodia Dilip Singh , Singh Pradeep
Published: March 2020

A novel evolutionary-based feature selection model for ACPs identification that will explore the relationships hidden across the various feature descriptors is explored in this chapter. In this model, the authors amalgamate the nine feature descriptors from the three groups of peptide feature descriptors including amino acid composition (three descriptors), grouped amino acid composition and composition/transition/distribution (three descriptors). The proposed model integrates these features to unfold the hidden association between the diverse features in peptide classification. However, the inclusion of irrelevant, redundant, and noisy attributes in the model building process phase can result in poor predictive performance and increased computation. Hence, evolutionary-based feature selection is utilized in the model that involves a combination of search and feature utility estimation by ReliefF score. Through extensive experiments on benchmark dataset, it is demonstrated that the proposed model achieves improved performance.