bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial distribution of settlement of Diadema antillarum around Saba, Dutch Caribbean
Authors: Klokman Oliver J. , Hylkema Alwin
Published: April 2024

The mass mortality event of the herbivorous sea urchin Diadema antillarum in 1983–1984 has been a major contributor to the diminished resilience of coral reefs throughout the Caribbean. The reduction in grazing pressure resulted in algae proliferation, which inhibited coral recruitment after disturbances such as disease, hurricanes, pollution and climatic change induced marine heat waves. Natural recovery of D. antillarum after the 1983–1984 die-off has been slow. However, the few locations with recovered populations exhibit signs of improvement in coral reef health, prompting interest in D. antillarum restoration. Current restoration strategies include translocation of wild individuals, the restocking of juveniles that are either cultured from gametes or collected as settlers and head-started in a nursery, and assisted natural recovery by providing suitable settlement substrate. Both the collection of wild settlers and assisted natural recovery necessitate an understanding of the local, spatiotemporal trends in settlement. In this study, which was carried out on the Dutch Caribbean Island of Saba, artificial turf settlement collectors were deployed at nine locations around the island and monitored from June 2019 till July 2020 (13 months). The primary objective was to identify trends in larval settlement in space and time, to be able to optimize restoration efforts. Additionally, the small size of Saba allowed us to deploy settlement collectors around the island and compare D. antillarum settlement between windward and leeward sides. Our study showed that on Saba, D. antillarum settlement peaked in June and July, following similar seasonal trends observed around other islands in the Northeastern Caribbean. By far the most settlement occurred at the leeward side of the island, suggesting that hydrodynamic forces entrained D. antillarum larvae in the lee of Saba and/or calmer waters facilitated settlement. Limited settlement occurred on the more exposed windward locations. The identified high settlement locations are candidates for settler collection and restoration attempts. Continued monitoring of D. antillarum settlement, especially in light of the 2022 D. antillarum die-off, holds significance as it can provide insights into the potential of natural recovery.
Seeing the impossible: the impact of watching magic on positive emotions, optimism, and wellbeing
Authors: Wiseman Richard , Watt Caroline
Published: April 2024

Watching a magic trick is a unique experience in which seemingly impossible events appear possible but without any suspension of disbelief. Unfortunately, relatively little work has examined the psychological impact of this fascinating experience. In the current study, participants first completed a measure of the degree to which they disliked magic (Loathing of Legerdemain Scale: LOLS) and then watched a video that either contained a series of magic tricks (magic video) or carefully matched non-magic tricks (control video). Participants then rated the degree to which they experienced positive epistemic emotions (Epistemically Related Emotion Scale: ERES), their belief about impossible events being possible in the future (Modal Judgment Task: MJT), general optimism (State Optimism Measure: SOM) and subjective wellbeing (Satisfaction With Life Scale: SWLS). Compared to participants who watched the control video, those who saw the magic video reported more positive epistemic emotions on the ERES. There were no significant differences on the MJT, SOM and SWLS. Participants’ LOLS scores were negatively correlated with the ERES, SOM and SWLS, suggesting that those who like magic are more likely to experience positive epistemic emotions, have higher levels of general optimism, and express greater satisfaction with their lives. These findings are discussed within the context of short-term and long-term exposure to magic, along with recommendations for future work.
Cortical activity associated with the maintenance of balance during unstable stances
Authors: Ue Shoma , Nakahama Kakeru , Hayashi Junpei , Ohgomori Tomohiro
Published: April 2024

Background

Humans continuously maintain and adjust posture during gait, standing, and sitting. The difficulty of postural control is reportedly increased during unstable stances, such as unipedal standing and with closed eyes. Although balance is slightly impaired in healthy young adults in such unstable stances, they rarely fall. The brain recognizes the change in sensory inputs and outputs motor commands to the musculoskeletal system. However, such changes in cortical activity associated with the maintenance of balance following periods of instability require further clarified.

Methods

In this study, a total of 15 male participants performed two postural control tasks and the center of pressure displacement and electroencephalogram were simultaneously measured. In addition, the correlation between amplitude of center of pressure displacement and power spectral density of electroencephalogram was analyzed.

Results

The movement of the center of pressure was larger in unipedal standing than in bipedal standing under both eye open and eye closed conditions. It was also larger under the eye closed condition compared with when the eyes were open in unipedal standing. The amplitude of high-frequency bandwidth (1–3 Hz) of the center of pressure displacement was larger during more difficult postural tasks than during easier ones, suggesting that the continuous maintenance of posture was required. The power spectral densities of the theta activity in the frontal area and the gamma activity in the parietal area were higher during more difficult postural tasks than during easier ones across two postural control tasks, and these correlate with the increase in amplitude of high-frequency bandwidth of the center of pressure displacement.

Conclusions

Taken together, specific activation patterns of the neocortex are suggested to be important for the postural maintenance during unstable stances.
A novel birnavirus identified as the causative agent of summer atrophy of pearl oyster (Pinctada fucata (Gould))
Authors: Matsuyama Tomomasa , Miwa Satoshi , Mekata Tohru , Kiryu Ikunari , Kuriyama Isao , Atsumi Takashi , Itano Tomokazu , Kawakami Hidemasa
Published: April 2024

The Akoya pearl oyster (Pinctada fucata (Gould)) is the most important species for pearl cultivation in Japan. Mass mortality of 0-year-old juvenile oysters and anomalies in adults, known as summer atrophy, have been observed in major pearl farming areas during the season when seawater temperatures exceed about 20 °C since 2019. In this study, we identified a novel birnavirus as the pathogen of summer atrophy and named it Pinctada birnavirus (PiBV). PiBV was first presumed to be the causative agent when it was detected specifically and frequently in the infected oysters in a comparative metatranscriptomics of experimentally infected and healthy pearl oysters. Subsequently, the symptoms of summer atrophy were reproduced by infection tests using purified PiBV. Infection of juvenile oysters with PiBV resulted in an increase in the PiBV genome followed by the atrophy of soft body and subsequent mortality. Immunostaining with a mouse antiserum against a recombinant PiBV protein showed that the virus antigen was localized mainly in the epithelial cells on the outer surface of the mantle. Although the phylogenetic analysis using maximum likelihood method placed PiBV at the root of the genus Entomobirnavirus, the identity of the bi-segmented, genomic RNA to that of known birnaviruses at the full-length amino acid level was low, suggesting that PiBV forms a new genus. The discovery of PiBV will be the basis for research to control this emerging disease.
Assessing the impact of two conventional wastewater treatment plants on small streams with effect-based methods
Authors: Trejos Delgado Catalina , Dombrowski Andrea , Oehlmann Jörg
Published: April 2024

Sixty percent of discrete surface water bodies in Europe do not meet the requirements for good ecological and chemical status and in Germany, the situation is even worse with over 90% of surface water bodies failing to meet the threshold. In addition to hydromorphological degradation, intensive land use and invasive species, chemical pollution is primarily considered to be responsible for the inadequate ecological status of the water bodies. As a quantitatively important source of micropollutants, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) represent an important entry path for chemical stressors. It is therefore important to analyze the effectiveness of the WWTPs in eliminating micropollutants and other chemical stressors to mitigate the negative impacts of the treated wastewater (WW) in aquatic ecosystems. Accordingly, in this study, we evaluated the impacts of two conventional, medium-sized WWTPs on their small receiving water systems in the southwestern region of Hessen in Germany during two sampling campaigns (spring and fall) using effect-based methods (EBM). We hypothesized that due to the insufficient elimination of micropollutants, a broad spectrum of toxic effects would be detected in conventionally treated WW and also in the receiving surface waters downstream the WWTPs. As EBMs a battery of in vitro assays and active biomonitoring using two in vivo assays were applied. The results supported our hypothesis and showed that the untreated WW had a very high baseline toxicity and also high endocrine and mutagenic activities. Conventional WW treatment, consisting of mechanical and biological treatment with nitrification, denitrification and phosphate precipitation, reduced baseline toxicity by more than 90% and endocrine activities by more than 80% in both WWTPs. Despite these high elimination rates, the remaining baseline toxicity, the endocrine, dioxin-like and mutagenic activities of the conventionally treated WW were so high that negative effects on the two receiving waters were to be expected. This was confirmed in the active monitoring with the amphipod Gammarus fossarum and the mudsnail Potamopyrgus antipodarum, as mortality of both species increased downstream of the WWTPs and reproduction in P. antipodarum was also affected. These results indicate that advanced WW treatment is needed to more effectively eliminate chemical stressors to prevent negative impacts of treated WW particularly in small receiving waters.
Genome-wide analysis of bZIP transcription factors and their expression patterns in response to methyl jasmonate and low-temperature stresses in Platycodon grandiflorus
Authors: Fan Jizhou , Chen Na , Rao Weiyi , Ding Wanyue , Wang Yuqing , Duan Yingying , Wu Jing , Xing Shihai
Published: April 2024

Background

Platycodon grandiflorus belongs to the genus Platycodon and has many pharmacological effects, such as expectorant, antitussive, and anti-tumor properties. Among transcription factor families peculiar to eukaryotes, the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) family is one of the most important, which exists widely in plants and participates in many biological processes, such as plant growth, development, and stress responses. However, genomic analysis of the bZIP gene family and related stress response genes has not yet been reported in P. grandiflorus.

Methods

P. grandiflorus bZIP (PgbZIP) genes were first identified here, and the phylogenetic relationships and conserved motifs in the PgbZIPs were also performed. Meanwhile, gene structures, conserved domains, and the possible protein subcellular localizations of these PgbZIPs were characterized. Most importantly, the cis-regulatory elements and expression patterns of selected genes exposed to two different stresses were analyzed to provide further information on PgbZIPs potential biological roles in P. grandiflorus upon exposure to environmental stresses.

Conclusions

Forty-six PgbZIPs were identified in P. grandiflorus and divided into nine groups, as displayed in the phylogenetic tree. The results of the chromosomal location and the collinearity analysis showed that forty-six PgbZIP genes were distributed on eight chromosomes, with one tandem duplication event and eleven segmental duplication events identified. Most PgbZIPs in the same phylogenetic group have similar conserved motifs, domains, and gene structures. There are cis-regulatory elements related to the methyl jasmonate (MeJA) response, low-temperature response, abscisic acid response, auxin response, and gibberellin response. Ten PgbZIP genes were selected to study their expression patterns upon exposure to low-temperature and MeJA treatments, and all ten genes responded to these stresses. The real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) results suggest that the expression levels of most PgbZIPs decreased significantly within 6 h and then gradually increased to normal or above normal levels over the 90 h following MeJA treatment. The expression levels of all PgbZIPs were significantly reduced after 3 h of the low-temperature treatment. These results reveal the characteristics of the PgbZIP family genes and provide valuable information for improving P. grandiflorus’s ability to cope with environmental stresses during growth and development.
Role of Perfusion, Extent, Depth, Infection and Sensation Scores in Determining the Outcome of Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Agarwal Nirmal Kumar , Choudhury Dhirendra Nath , Das Biswajit , Kalita Tapash Kumar
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a major public health problem in India. A Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU) is characterised by a full-thickness wound, skin necrosis, or gangrene below the ankle brought on by peripheral neuropathy or peripheral artery disease in diabetic patients. Numerous classification schemes have been put forth to classify and forecast the clinical outcomes of DFUs. The Perfusion, Extent, Depth, Infection and Sensation Score (PEDIS) classification system was developed to objectively categorise and define DFUs, facilitating communication between healthcare providers. Aim: To determine the utility of the PEDIS score in predicting the outcomes of patients with DFUs. Materials and Methods: The present single-centre prospective cohort study was conducted in the Department of General Surgery, Tezpur Medical College and Hospital, Tezpur, Assam, India, from August 1, 2022 to January 30, 2023, involving 60 patients. A PEDIS score was calculated and recorded for each patient. Patients were then classified into low-score (0-7) or high-score (8-12) groups and followed up for six months. Outcomes were categorised as healed, unhealed, amputated, or deceased. Categorical data were presented as percentages and compared using the Chi-square test. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was utilised to determine the cut-off value. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean±Standard Deviation (SD) age at presentation was 49±14 years with a male preponderance (Male:Female= 2:1). Of all patients, 40 (66.67%) were healed following debridement and dressing, 11 (18.3%) had non healing ulcers, 5 (8.3%) underwent amputation, and 4 (6.67%) expired. Thirty-four (85%) of healed patients had PEDIS scores below eight, and 7 (63.6%) of patients with non healing ulcers had high PEDIS scores. Those undergoing amputation, 4 (80%) had high PEDIS scores and all deceased patients had high PEDIS scores. Conclusion: Patients with DFUs who had higher PEDIS scores were more likely to develop complications such as non healing ulcers or require amputation. Therefore, the PEDIS score is a valuable system in clinical practice and can be uniformly applied to compare the outcomes of DFUs.
Diathermy versus Scalpel Skin Incision for Open Inguinal Hernia Surgery: An Interventional Study
Authors: Haripranav S , Arulselvan A , Anto M
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Inguinal hernia is one of the most encountered surgical-related problems worldwide. For years, there has been debate among surgeons about which type of skin incision to use: cutting with electrocautery or the traditional method of a surgical scalpel. Aim: To compare the skin incisions made with electrocautery versus traditional scalpel incisions in terms of incision time, blood loss, postoperative pain, and scar evaluation. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based prospective interventional study was conducted at the Department of General Surgery, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Puducherry, India, from November 2019 to September 2021. Written informed consent was obtained from 130 consecutive cases scheduled for open inguinal hernia surgery. Patients were alternately assigned to undergo incision with electrocautery (group A) or a conventional steel scalpel (group B), with each group comprising 65 patients. Bilateral hernia cases were treated as separate entities. Data analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 24.0, employing the Student’s t-test and Chi-square test. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The age distribution in group A was 49.69±15.74 years and in Group B was 52.81±14.25 years. The time taken for incision in the electrocautery group was much shorter at 12.57±11.55 seconds than in the scalpel group at 20.63±2.99 seconds, with a p-value of <0.001. The average amount of blood loss in group A was 1.02±0.35 mL and in group B was 2.03±0.32 mL, with a significant p-value of <0.001. The postoperative pain, calculated by the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), showed a significant difference in the early postoperative period at 6 hours after surgery in Group A at 6.58±0.9 compared to group B at 7.05±1, with a p-value of 0.005. However, no significant difference was noted between the two groups at 12, 24, and 48 hours after surgery. There was no significant difference in scar evaluation between group A and group B at 12 weeks, with a p-value of 0.673 for the patient score and 0.189 for the observer score. Conclusion: Electrocautery can be recommended for hernia skin incision due to its advantage of shorter incision time, minimal blood loss, and less early postoperative pain.
Bioremedial Capacity of Indigenous Hydrophytes and Microalgae of Bangladesh: A Comparative Study on their Potential in Tannery Effluent Treatment
Authors: Haque Natasha Nafisa , Alam Md. Ashraful , Baidya Anthony Samit , Zenat Elina Akther , Rahman Md. Zamilur , Roy Chapol Kumar , Munshi John Liton
Published: April 2024

Aims: This study aimed to identify the bio-remedial potential of indigenous hydrophytes (Salvinia cucullata and Lemna minor) and microalgae (Spirulina platensis) of Bangladesh for treatment of tannery wastewater disposed in the open environment.
Study Design:  The capacity of improving the water quality of the tannery effluent by bioremediation was assessed. The quantitative determination included the comparison of physical characters (pH, TDS, EC, DO, COD) and heavy metal profile (Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn) of the tannery effluent before and after treatment. Effluent treatment was carried out by individual species separately and in combination with all for a total of 25 days.
Place and Duration of Study: Major experiments were carried out at the Applied Botany Laboratory, Dhaka Laboratory, BCSIR, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2022 to February 2024. Quantitative estimations were carried out at Soil & Water Laboratory, Dhaka Laboratory, BCSIR, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Methodology: The tannery effluent was characterized by means of physiochemical parameters and heavy metal concentration prior to the experimental procedure. Four treatment plans were designed, three treatments (TSC, TLM, TSP) using individual species separately and one treatment (TC) using all three species in combination. The treatment continued for 25.0 days. The physiochemical parameters of the treated effluent were measured at 5.0-day intervals and heavy metal conc. Were measured on the 0th, 10th, and 25th days of the experiment. Comparative analysis of the data was utilized to determine useful species for further applied studies in future.
Results: After treatments, a reduction at TDS level down to 3230 from 5150 mg/L, and an EC dropdown to 3290 from 10340 μS/cm was observed. Heavy metals removal capacity of the tested species was found as follows, S. cucullata: Zn > Cr >Pb> Cu, L. minor: Pb> Cr > Cu > Zn, S. platensis: Cu > Zn >Pb> Cr, and the combination treatment: Pb> Cu > Zn > Cr. The observation showed high efficiency of S. platensis in TDS reduction and Zn absorption, L. minor in COD reduction and Pb absorption, and S.cucullata in Zn absorption.
Conclusion: The comparative data suggested the overall improvement of the effluent quality can be achieved by a combined treatment of L. minor and S. platensis, quickly and cost-efficiently. Further investigation is required for an in-depth understanding of their combined potential. Additionally, investigation will be carried out on their potential in Arsenic (As) removal and nano-particle production from post-treatment biomass.
Analysis of Suspended Particulate Matter in a Conventional Seed Spices Cleaning and Grading Industry: A Case Study of Unjha Vicinity in Gujarat, India
Authors: Khan K. Alam , Meena K.C. , Sharma Nikita , Soni Nitin , Patidar Dharmendra , Patel M.B.
Published: April 2024

A large number of seed spices (Cumin, Fennel, Coriander, Fenugreek etc.) cleaning-grading units are situated in Gujarat and Rajasthan. In-plant study was performed in such a cleaning-grading industry located at Unjha (Gujarat) in collaboration with Centre for Research on Seed Spice (SDAU), Jagudan, Mehsana. Apprehension for wellbeing of workers of such dust/ suspended particulate matter (SPM) generating industries are growing with time. SPM samples were collected using standard High Volume Sampler and these samples were analyzed for their respirable suspended particulate matter (RSPM) and total SPM concentration (µg/m3). The highest concentration of RSPM (< 10 micron) inside the plant was found to be 20 x103 µg/m3, while the highest SPM concentration level was 168x103 µg/m3. The average particle size of SPM was 1.96 µ to 9.43 µ while that of RSPM was 1.7 µ. The Ambient air quality norms prescribed by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) for industrial areas limit these values to 100 µg/m3 (SPM) and 60 µg/m3 (RSPM). Such highly polluted in-plant atmosphere of seed spices cleaning-grading industry may cause severe health problems, leading to respiratory diseases among the workers. In order to protect the health of workers engaged in these industries, it is suggested to install the electrostatic precipitator (ESP) device and retrofitting of existing equipment (such that dust levels are within permissible limits) may be considered.
Pattern of Arrhythmia among Diabetes Mellitus Patients in South-South, Nigeria: 24-Hour Ambulatory ECG (Holter ECG) Study
Authors: Nwafor Chibuike Eze , Briggs Otonye
Published: April 2024

Background: Diabetes is known to be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, commonly associated with rhythm disorders like atrial fibrillation (AF) and ventricular arrhythmias (VA), Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients have silent myocardial infarctions (MI) with conduction abnormalities like ectopics and others. Regular 12 lead ECGs may not capture subtle conduction abnormalities unlike Holter ECGs which takes longer time to record heart rhythms. The study aims to determine the occurrence and pattern of cardiac arrhythmias in Diabetes Mellitus.
Methods: A total of 33 diabetic subjects with age ranged from 18 years and above presented to Goodheart Medical Consultants hospital for 24-hour ambulatory ECG (Holter ECG) using Schiller type (MT-101) Holter ECG machine.
Results: In this study, the population consisted of 54.5% men and 45.5% women with a mean age of 63.4 ±14.41, the most common age group was 61–80 years with 42.4%. The two most common forms of arrhythmias for Holter ECGs in this study were supraventricular ectopics 36.4% and ventricular ectopics 33.3%.
Conclusion: Supraventricular ectopics is the most common arrhythmia observed among the diabetic subjects in Southern Nigeria and was notably observed more in diabetic male subjects than females. This arrhythmia exposes them to risk of stroke and mortality. Diabetes-related arrhythmias may be a sign of other underlying illnesses.
Subacute Use of Aqueous Extract of Water Melon (Citrullus lanatus) Seeds Mitigates against Pyramidal Neuronal Toxicity of Lead Acetate in Adult Wistar Rats
Authors: Fakunle P. B , Abijo A.Z , Ehiremen S. E , Akanji O D , Odubela O.K , Olamoyero B. , Oladejo M K , Uwagbai I. , Dawodu A.J
Published: April 2024

Introduction:  Lead exposure remains a significant public health burden across the globe, impacting millions of individuals and posing a major threat to nervous system development and function As a reported bio-toxic environmental and industrial pollutant, Lead (Pb) do accumulates in almost all body tissues to cause health complications with the cerebellar region of the central nervous system reported to be more susceptible to cellular distortions. As a flowering plant species of the Cucurbitaceae family, watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is associated with numerous medicinal properties.
Aim: This study aim to investigate the possible neuroprotective potential of aqueous extract of citrulus lanatus seed on lead acetates-induced neurotoxicity in the Cerebral cortex of adult Wistar rats.
Place of Study: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ogun State, Nigeria.
Methods: Twenty (20) healthy adult female wistar rats weighing 150±50g were randomly assigned into 4 groups (n=5). The Control group received 2mls/kg of distilled water, Treatment group (T1) was administered 7.5 mg/kg of lead acetate, Treatment group (T2) was administered 200 mg/kg of aqueous extract of citrullus lanatus and Treatment group (T3) was administered 7.5 mg/kg of lead acetate and 200 mg/kg of aqueous extract of citrullus lanatus concomitantly orally for fourteen (14) days. H&E and Cresyl violet histological stains and Biochemical assays for SOD, CAT activities and MDA concentration was determined. Data obtained from the study were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and subjected to Turkeys post hoc test from the multiple comparison.
Results: Revealed no statistically significant differences (p>0.05) in body weight and brain weight changes across groups relatives to the control group while SOD and Catalase activities were increased significantly in the Treatment groups compared to control group. Histological findings in control group and T2 showed normal histoarchitectural appearance of cerebral cortex Pyramidal neurons while the lead exposed group (T1) revealed features of neurodegenerative changes evident by nuclear shrinkage with pyknosis and karryorrhexis. while T3 revealed near normal presentations.
Conclusion: In summary, Citrullus lanatus mitigates against pyramidal neuronal cells distortions following lead acetate induced toxicity in Wistar Rats and also further affirms its antioxidative potential.
Discursive Strategies in China’s Live Commerce Anchors Multimodality
Authors: Jin Yuhan , Wen Jiang
Published: April 2024

At present, discourse analysis is widely used in news reports and TV talk shows in China, but there is a lack of discourse analysis research on live streaming. Against this backdrop, this study adopts a multimodal discourse analysis approach, drawing upon the comprehensive theoretical framework for multimodal discourse analysis and Kress and Van Leeuwen's seminal visual grammar theory as the theoretical basis, taking quality and quantity method to analyze data. Our research aims to investigate the intricate interplay between anchors and the amalgamation of diverse modalities in the process of constructing their image. Furthermore, we endeavor to analyze potential strategies that can be employed to enhance the efficacy of live broadcasting and augment viewers' engagement and consumption. In this paper, we decompose the multimodal discourse of the selected live video of “Oriental selection” into verbal and non-verbal modes, and analyze the process and role of how anchors use multimodality to form interactions and promote construction.
Evaluation of Physicochemical and Microbiological Standards for Quality Packaged Drinking Water in Plastic Bags Produced by Three Companies in Korhogo in Northern Ivory Coast
Authors: Liliane Kouamé Maïmouna , Fabrice Zoro Armel , Souleymane Soumahoro , Constant Acho Florentin , Appoline N’guessan Amandine , Réné Soro Yadé , Abdoulaye Touré
Published: April 2024

Drinking water packaged in sachets is popular with the population of Korhogo in northern of Ivory Coast. The objective of this study is to evaluate the physicochemical and microbiological parameters of this water produced by three companies. Three packets of 40 sachets of water each were taken from each company and ten sachets of water were mixed to constitute the sample from each company. Physicochemical and microbiological analyzes were carried out according to ISO. Physicochemical parameters of water investigated were as follow: temperature (25.30±0.40 – 25.53±0.25), pH (7.37±0.06 – 7.67±0.23), bicarbonate (41±0.50 – 48.53±0.85 mg/L), chloride (4.34±0.03 - 8±0.43 mg/L), calcium (5.60±0.40 – 8.23±0.15 mg/L), magnesium (4.08±0.51 – 6.62±0.05 mg/L) and nitrates (0.59±0.02 – 0.83±0.03 mg/L). The results revealed that the physicochemical parameters of the water analyzed complied with WHO regulations. Concerning the microbiological parameters, results of the study are as follows: GAMs (22 °C) (6 – 113 CFU/mL), GAMs (37 °C) (6 – 89 CFU/mL), total coliforms (0 – 1100 CFU/100 mL), fecal coliforms (0 – 1100 CFU/mL), ASR (0 CFU/100 mL), S. aureus (190 – 310 CFU/100 mL) and streptococci fecal (0 – 3100 CFU/100 mL).  These waters do not comply with the regulations and sample B is more loaded with microorganisms followed by sample C and finally A. However, no salmonella was identified in the samples analyzed. Consumption of this water exposes populations to health risks. It would be desirable to raise awareness among companies about hygiene conditions and employee training in order to reduce these risks.
Physical and Engineering Parameter of Garlic
Authors: Dikkar Prashant M. , Dsouza Prashant M. , Moses Sheen C. , Aalam Rana N.
Published: April 2024

Garlic is nature's most versatile medicinal plant and it is primarily used as a flavoring agent in cooking. It is the second most important spice after the onion. The physical parameter of garlic performs a crucial role in context designing of conveying systems and metering units. This research was carried out in the department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, SHUATS, Prayagraj, U.P.  The prime aim of study was to evaluate the physical and engineering parameters of garlic cloves. The physical parameters garlic cloves found in terms of average length, width, thickness, Geometric mean diameter, sphericity and bulk density were 27.78 mm, 11.60 mm, 9.26 mm, 14.23 mm, 0.52 and 554 to 592 kg/m3. The weight of thousand garlic clove was found as 1540.5g. The Angle of repose for garlic clove was found as 45.6 and 36.8o for wood and G.I. sheet.
Shree Anna: The Nutritional Powerhouse Paving the Path for Health Security in India
Authors: Kumar Vikas , Sharma Ajay Kumar , Dwivedi Satya Vart
Published: April 2024

Millets often referred to as Shree Anna; represent a group of small-seeded cereal grains renowned for their remarkable health benefits and drought tolerance. These grains have a long history of cultivation and are consumed across diverse regions worldwide, with a pronounced emphasis on Asia and Africa. However, recent years have seen a decline in Shree Anna cultivation and consumption due to a shift towards more profitable and higher-yielding crops. This shift has resulted in reduced food and nutritional security for communities that rely on millets for their livelihoods and sustenance. It is a rich source of protein, fiber, micronutrients, and vitamins, making it a valuable resource in addressing iron, zinc, and protein deficiencies, particularly among women and pre-school children. In India, Shree Anna holds a critical position as a predominant cereal crop, especially among low-income families, owing to its well-known nutritional value. However, despite its nutritional potential, Shree Anna remains underexplored in India, and there is significant untapped potential for its utilization. Unlocking the full potential of Shree Anna could have a profound impact on nutritional security, sustainable agriculture, and the economic well-being of communities.
Performance of Different Hybrids of Okra under Prayagraj Agro-climatic Conditions
Authors: Chaudhary Anjali , Bahadur Vijay
Published: April 2024

This research evaluates the performance of different hybrids of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) under the agro-climatic conditions of Prayagraj. Okra, originating from sub-tropical Africa, holds economic significance and is cultivated widely across diverse regions. Understanding the performance of okra hybrids is vital for maximizing productivity and ensuring food security. The study assesses growth parameters such as plant height, leaf area, and number of branches, along with yield parameters including fruit characteristics and days to flowering. Quality parameters such as Vitamin C and Total Soluble Solids (TSS) are also considered. Economic aspects such as cost of cultivation, gross return, and cost ratio are analysed. Results reveal significant variations among hybrids, with certain hybrids demonstrating superior performance. Hybrid H7 emerges as promising, exhibiting robust growth and high yield potential. These findings offer valuable insights for optimizing okra cultivation practices and enhancing productivity in the Prayagraj region. Further research is recommended to refine hybrid selection and cultivation techniques for sustainable okra production.
Nutrient Balance and Nutrient Use Efficiency of Irrigated Pigeon Pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] under Various Integrated Nutrient Management Practices
Authors: TS Pradeep , D Vanathi , K Udhya Kumar , R Mohana Priya , B Balaganesh
Published: April 2024

Aims: To evaluate the nutrient balance and nutrient use efficiency of irrigated pigeon peas under various integrated fertilizers
Place and Duration of Study: The field trial was conducted at Instructional Farm (North), Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore.
Methodology: During the growth phase of the pigeon pea crop, the soil's nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium levels were monitored to assess their essential nutrient balance. This evaluation was conducted for each treatment, considering the specific nutrient application given to the crop. Additionally, the total quantity of nutrient uptake and the efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium utilization were calculated.
Results: Higher availability of nutrients and nutrient uptake at harvest and the maximum values of computed balance and gain values in the nutrient balance studies and agronomic efficiency were observed in the integrated application of 75% RDF + 25% N eq as vermicompost (T2)
Conclusion: The integrated application of 75% RDF + 25% N eq as vermicompost (T2) resulted in maximum available nutrients, plant uptake, agronomic efficiency and computed balance nutrient gain.
Fertigation-Driven Optimization of Growth Characters in Banana (Musa acuminate AAA) cv. Red Banana
Authors: Hari Divya , S. Simi , P. R. Manju , S. J. Anaswara
Published: April 2024

The main aim of the study was to standardize the fertigation schedule and nutrient levels for growth enhancement in red banana. The study was conducted at the Department of Fruit Science College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram during 2021-2023. The statistical design used was factorial Randomized Block Design replicated thrice with 12 plants per plot at a spacing of 2.1m x 2.1 m laid out with 12 treatment combinations of 4 different nutrient levels (60%, 80%, 100%and 120% RD of N and K) and 3 fertigation schedule (equal splits at weekly interval, at fortnightly interval, and according to the growth stage of the crop) and a control (KAU POP recommendation). Soil test based on fertilizer recommendation was derived based on KAU POP (200:200:400 g plant-1 year-1). Farm yard manure was applied as organic source at 10 kg plant-1) and P (200 g plant-1) to all treatments as basal. Water soluble fertilizers used included Urea as nitrogen source and Muriate of Potash as potassium source;. Data was collected from pseudo stem height, girth, number of leaves, leaf index, leaf area, days to shooting, time taken from shooting to harvest and crop duration. Data was analyzed using analysis of variance. The highest pseudostem height (310.53 cm) and girth (89.30 cm) was observed with the interactive effect of 120% of the recommended dose of N and K applied according to the crop growth stage) which was on par with F2S3(80% of the recommended dose of N and K applied according to the crop growth stage) at flowering stage. The total functional leaf area was maximum on F3S3   at the flowering (23.86 m2) and harvest stage (21.50 m2). Data on days to shooting (363 days), shoot to harvest (89 days) and total crop duration (452 days) in red banana showed that the interaction effect F2S3 has taken the least number of days. In conclusion the growth characters were observed to be better at 80% recommended dose of N and K with split application according to the growth stage of the crop .
Examining the Role of Trade on the Relationship between Environmental Quality and Energy Consumption: Insights from Sub Saharan Africa
Authors: Olaoye Olugbenga Olaposi, , Quadri Faruq Umar , Olaniyi Oluwaseun Oladeji
Published: April 2024

This study looks at the relationship between energy consumption and environmental quality in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and how trade with other countries affects it. It examines data from 35 SSA economies between 1996 and 2020, categorized into low-income (LICs) and middle-income (MIC) countries. Using the cross-sectional augmented autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL) approach, the results show that energy use, especially in MICs, negatively affects environmental quality. Trade, however, considerably lessens these detrimental environmental implications of energy consumption. According to the study, legislative actions intended to stop environmental deterioration in Sub-Saharan Africa should take into account the unique political and economic circumstances of each country. In addition, authorities should strike a balance between economic interests and environmental concerns, particularly in sectors dependent on the importation of used goods, and trade and environmental regulatory agencies must work together to enforce age restrictions on imported used items.
Skin ‘Bleaching’ Practices and Associated Adverse Health Effects in Zimbabwe: A Canonical Correlational Study of Harare
Authors: Chifamba J , Murairwa T
Published: April 2024

The study aimed to identify the ingredients, processes and practitioners involved in the skin lightening practices in Zimbabwe and to identify the associated, adverse health effects as well as to establish the user demographics. A technical field survey was carried out in Harare, Zimbabwe from October 2022 to March 2023. Out of a total of 450 potential participants, 382 individuals in 3 broad groups were successfully interviewed; these included 150 skin lightening practitioners and traders, 118 skin lightening products users and 114 individuals who have never practiced skin bleaching. A semi structured technical questionnaire was used for each group of participants and the collected data were analysed qualitatively and quantitatively. The study observed that both sexes are involved in skin lightening in Zimbabwe, the majority (52%) being women aged between 31-45 years. The established industry, is divers, including registered healthcare providers, commercial trade, informal markets and others. The majority of practitioners (65%) have less than 5 practising years. There are over 30 different skin lightening products available either as prescription medications, OTC treatments, commercial products, network marketing products as well as illegal bootleg concoctions. The products extends from creams, lotions and serums, to oral and injectable dosage forms. The most prevalent products being corticosteroid creams. 75% of users reported both reversible and non-reversible adverse health side effects and outcomes including skin irritations, inflammation, rashes, erythema, oedemas, ochronosis, dermal atrophy, photophobia, insomnia and unexplained weight gain. The most prevalent side effect being pruritus and irritations. It was observed that there is no formal registration, regulation or legislation covering the products, processes and practice of skin lightening in Zimbabwe.
Growth and Export Performance of Pineapple from India: An Economic Analysis
Authors: S Akshatha , Venkataramana M. N. , H. M. Nandini
Published: April 2024

The present study was undertaken to know the growth and export performance of pineapple. Pineapple (Ananas Comosus) is a tropical fruit belonging to the Bromeliaceae family, and it is commercially cultivated worldwide as a high-value crop. India is the sixth largest producer in the world. The objective of the study was to elucidate the growth and export performance of the Pineapple from India.The secondary data for analysis was collected from AGMARKNET, National Horticultural Board (NHB) and Agricultural and Processed Food products Export Development (APEDA). The results of the growth rate revealed a positive and increasing trend in pineapple exports from India during the study period, with an annual growth rate of 9.78 percent in quantity and 6.39 percent in value, which is significant at a five percent level of probability. The results of the Cuddy Della Valle index indicated that pineapple exports from India exhibit moderate instability, with values of 17.17 and 19.90 percent in quantity and value terms, respectively. It reveals that the average Nominal Protection Coefficient (NPC) value for pineapple was 0.53, indicating a moderate level of export competitiveness. Throughout the entire period, it is evident that India did not demonstrate competitiveness in pineapple exports, as indicated by the Revealed Comparative Advantage Index (RCA) values consistently being below unity and the Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA) values being negative. The direction of the Indian pineapple trade was conducted using the Markov chain framework. Among the major importers, the United Arab Emirates stood out as one of the most stable markets with a high probability of retention at 0.624. Overall, Indian pineapple stands out as a reliable and competitive player in the global market, with a strong performance and potential for growth. Therefore, efforts should be focused on enhancing the quantity of exports while ensuring they meet the quality standards and align with the consumer preferences of other countries.
Pengaruh Jumlah Pelat dan Berat Katalis pada HHO Generator Tipe Dry Cell terhadap Emisi Gas Buang
Authors: Sunoko Akka , Witono Kris
Published: April 2024

Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui interaksi penambahan jumlah pelat dan berat katalis NaOH pada tiap hho generator tipe dry cell terhadap kadar emisi gas buang yang dihasilkan kendaraan bermotor. Variabel yang diuji adalah jumlah pelat yaitu 11, 15 dan 19 menggunakan jenis pelat stainless steel pada HHO generator dan berat katalis yaitu 10, 20, dan 30 gram dengan jenis katalis yang digunakan yaitu NaOH. Metode pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan alat gas analyzer yang dilakukan sebanyak 3 kali setiap putaran 1000 rpm, 2000 rpm, 3000 rpm, 4000 rpm, dan 5000 rpm. Hasil yang didapatkan interaksi antara jumlah pelat dan berat katalis NaOH berpengaruh dalam mengurangi kadar emisi gas buang CO dan HC. HHO Generator dengan jumlah pelat 19 dan berat katalis 30 gram paling efektif dalam mengurangi kadar emisi gas buang CO sebesar 2,84 % pada putaran mesin 5000 RPM dan menurunkan kadar HC yakni 173,33 ppm pada putaran mesin 1000 RPM, disebabkan karena laju produksi gas brown yang dihasilkan lebih banyak sehingga mampu untuk mengoptimalkan proses pembakaran sehingga mengurangi kadar emisi CO dan HC yang dihasilkan oleh kendaraan bermotor.
Effect of Layers on Delamination and Tensile Strength of Woven Fiber Composites with Polyester Matrix
Authors: Paundra Fajar , Istanto Danang , Pujiyulianto Eko , Muhyi Abdul , Hastuti Sri
Published: April 2024

A composite is a combination of 2 or more different materials. The composite joining process can use adhesives or mechanically by making holes. During the process of making holes in the composite, it can cause delamination in the composite. Delamination and layer thickness greatly influence the strength of hollow composite joints. This research aims to determine the effect of delamination factors and the number of layers on the tensile strength value of the composite. The materials used in this research are polyester resin and woven glass fiber. The method used is vacuum bagging with variations in the number of layers, namely 3 layers, 4 layers, 5 layers, and 6 layers. Tensile testing refers to ASTM D638 standards. Specimens that have been cut according to standards will then be perforated in the center with a hole diameter of 4 mm using a milling machine. The highest tensile strength value was obtained in the 6-layer variation of 237.448 MPa and the lowest value was obtained in the 3-layer variation of 186.221 MPa. The delamination value greatly influences the tensile strength of the composite, where the more layers, the delamination value will decrease and increase the tensile strength of the composite.
Accuracy and perspective in involuntary autobiographical memory
Authors: Mace John H. , Atkinson Elizabeth , Moeckel Christopher H. , Torres Varinia
Published: October 2009

This study investigated accuracy (veridicality) and perspective (point of view) in everyday involuntary memories (i.e. spontaneous recollections of the past). Using the naturalistic diary method, subjects were asked to give confidence ratings on the accuracy of their involuntary memories as well as contact others who were present in them, having them also give confidence ratings. Memory perspective was assessed by asking subjects to indicate whether their memories had a field (original) or observer (the perspective of another) point of view. The results showed subjects assigning high confidence ratings to involuntary memories, which did not differ from the confidence ratings given by others, or from the confidence ratings that they had assigned to their voluntary memories. The perspective query showed that involuntary memories come with both field and observer perspectives, and that their relative proportions did not differ from those reported for their voluntary memories. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.