bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
We Drank the Cola in Collaboration
Authors: Coupet Sarah Q. , Nicolas Guerda
Published: August 2016

Developing high quality teachers is at the center of education reform and previous research has highlighted, high quality in-service teacher professional development leads to improved instruction, student learning, and ultimately promotes social equity. Using an Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) theoretical framework, the voices and experiences of educators in Haiti were captured. This study reveals the following themes: 1) an opportunity for self-improvement, 2) an avenue for improving students learning, and 3) an approach to contributing to colleagues' development. An understanding of these themes from a cross-cultural perspective is provided with the objective that school personnel, receiving this population of students will develop an understanding of Haitian student's educational experiences.
Calling In, Not Calling Out
Authors: Bright Anita , Gambrell James
Published: August 2016

With a focus on transformation, this chapter engages educators in considering how the key ideas in Critical Race Theory may be immediately applicable in their own settings. The authors explain ways to define, identify, and disrupt microaggressions, and explore ways to serve as empathetic allies to marginalized students, families, and teachers. Grounded in the lived experiences of the two authors as they teach courses in an initial teacher preparation program at a large, urban institution in the Western U.S., this chapter includes vignettes that highlight the processes of calling in and being called in as a means to work towards greater equity and reduced oppression in educational and social settings.
Supporting Language and Literacy Development for English Language Learners
Authors: Adera Beatrice
Published: August 2016

Classroom teachers throughout the U.S. are faced with a variety of challenges due to the rapidly changing demographics in their classrooms. These teachers must recognize and address the vast cultural, ethnic and language differences represented while at the same time adhering to the different accountability based federal and state mandates. This chapter provides an overview of the policies regarding education of English Language Leaners (ELLs), examines different ethnic groups represented within ELL subgroups including basic demographic information across the different states in the U.S. The chapter also examines challenges hindering school success and effective instructional support and strategies that facilitate language development and academic literacy.
R&D Spillovers and the Increasing of a Supplier's Research Activities
Authors: Kumar Manoj
Published: August 2016

A conceptual framework is proposed for analyzing how differences in supplier's R&D reserve can impact on a supplier's decision to increase its R&D activities. A central finding is that the integration of product markets can generate an added incentive to undertake R&D activities to buyer's location. A three-stage analysis of a non-cooperative game is proposed, which entails cost-reducing process innovation in a supply chain model of duopoly. Each supplier's technological efficiency depends not only on its investment in applied R&D, but also on its absorption of supplier and buyer fundamental R&D, as well as the extent to which the latter are substitutes or complements. In a first stage, a supplier's absorption of buyer fundamental R&D can be impacted by a decision to focus R&D activities to buyer's location. The interrelation between this decision and initial production costs is also explored.
The Good, the Ugly and the Bad Situation Awareness in the Big Data
Authors: D'Avanzo Ernesto , Pilato Giovanni
Published: August 2016

Situation awareness (the Good) is a challenging approach aiming at realizing artifacts being aware of what happens in the environment around them. Big data (the Ugly) includes datasets whose magnitude is far away of being processed by traditional techniques. The Bad is the authors' framework that, even knowing about the ideal situation, represented by the Good, they realize the presence of the Ugly and face a decision, even knowing that it will not be the best but it is still important in order to mine nuggets from the cache of gold. As in every successful story, the authors' mission is to make the ‘Bad' increasingly ‘Good'. To make their artifact increasingly aware of, it is needed the domain expert's contribution, as argued by the methodology analysis to which there is mention.
Media Mediate Sentiments
Authors: Matsumura Naohiro , Miura Asako , Komori Masashi , Hiraishi Kai
Published: August 2016

When the Great East Japan Earthquake occurred, Twitter was used as an infrastructure for sharing information carried by other media. In other words, Twitter is considered as a “meta medium.” Earthquake-related tweets included information that was of questionable veracity, contained vicious rumors, and propagated matters of controversy that often gave rise to various discussions and arguments. In this research, the authors analyzed 89,351,242 tweets posted from December 11, 2010 to April 16, 2012. They then extracted 9,816,625 URLs and classified the top 100 domains of these URLs into 19 media categories. The emotional reactions of Twitter users were investigated by counting the terms conveying positive and negative emotions included in the body of tweets along with the media URLs. The authors' findings revealed differences in terms of the frequency with which terms expressing emotions were evoked and differences in the patterns of their surges, across the various media. The authors also considered the usage of various terms appearing in tweets concurrently with the terms expressing emotion.
Open Courses, Informal, Social Learning and Mobile Photography
Authors: McGuire Mark
Published: August 2016

This paper provides an overview of MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses) and contextualizes them within the broader trends of open, informal and mobile learning. It then discuss Phonar Nation, a free, open, non-credit five-week photography course that was offered twice in 2014 using mobile media to reach youth from 12-18 years of age. The author argues that Phonar Nation highlights several related developments that are leading to positive innovations in education. Firstly, it is not only open access but also uses and produces Creative Commons-licensed content that is open to be shared. Secondly, it is collaborative in the way that it is taught and in the way that participants are encouraged to engage with one another through social media sites. Thirdly, Phonar Nation exemplifies an approach that advocates call “Connected Learning”, which is socially embedded, driven by personal interests, and oriented to further educational and economic opportunities.
Modelling Human Activity in People-Oriented Programming with Metamodels
Authors: Goschnick Steve , Sterling Leon , Sonenberg Liz
Published: August 2016

People Oriented Programming (POP) is a new paradigm for developing individual-oriented software applications and associated devices that entails four defining elements. The first three elements call upon, respectively, the individual user: 1. As the central focus of a customised software artefact addressing their heterogeneous needs, described as ‘markets of one'. 2. As a self-ethnographer administering and using Cultural Probes, sensors, personal Role Models and Scenarios to gather their own data and requirements. 3. As end-user developers, coming up with their own solutions to match their personal needs, utilising user-friendly computer languages, development environments and software toolkits designed to make the user the centre of innovation in new product development. The fourth defining element of POP is the cognitive and emotion-led modelling behind the tools, techniques and frameworks upon which the user toolkits are built. The models are drawn from two perspectives that rely on Psychology: the Agent-Oriented paradigm and its connection with Cognitive Task Modelling; and from Emotion-led Modelling for requirements gathering. POP draws upon research from the analysis, design and development paradigms of software development, software engineering and from within HCI (Human Computer Interaction) including Task Analysis. Many user-friendly tools and coding environments exist that can service POP developers. However further research is needed to provide a broad selection of tools to cater for everybody interested. After defining the four elements of POP this paper concentrates on cognitive and emotion-led modelling of people's activities, examining meta-models drawn from Task Analysis and the Agent-Oriented paradigm. The meta-models are of interest in the service of the third element: to be used as foundational structures in building new, highly usable and well-engineered development tools for end-users to code or configure solutions that service their own needs. The ShaMAN meta-model is described and presented as a potential foundational structure.
Towards ProGesture, a Tool Supporting Early Prototyping of 3D-Gesture Interaction
Authors: Bomsdorf Birgit , Blum Rainer , Künkel Daniel
Published: August 2016

Development of gesture interaction requires a combination of three design matters: gesture, presentation, and dialog. However, in current work on rapid prototyping the focus is on gestures taking into account only the presentation. Model-based development incorporating gestures, in contrast, supports the gesture and dialog dimensions. The work on ProGesture aims at a rapid prototyping tool supporting a coherent development within the whole gesture-presentation-dialog design space. In this contribution, a first version of ProGesture is introduced. Here, gestures are specified by demonstrating the movements or they are composed of other gestures. The tool also provides a dialog editor, which allows gestures to be assigned to dialog models. Based on its executable runtime system the models and gestures can be tested and evaluated. In addition, gestures can be bound to first presentations or existing applications and evaluated in their context.
Corporate Political Strategies and State Owned Enterprises (SOEs)
Authors: Meyer Bernardo , Meyer Jr. Victor
Published: August 2016

Management literature is replete with cases of companies that use competitive strategies in the markets in which they operate. However, organizational success often depends on other variables, such as political action, which has been neglected in more detailed studies in strategy literature in general. Researchers such as Epstein (1969), Mizruchi (1992), Schuler (1996), Hillman and Hitt (1999), Blumentritt (2003), Boddewyn (2003), Hadani (2007) and Tian, Hafsi & Wu (2009) have stressed the importance of political strategies, claiming that organizational decisions and actions are influenced in practice by them. In the competitive international markets corporations use political strategies to influence stakeholders in order to conquer segments of the market that they focus on and also to prevent from other adverse interests. In this context, home country governments also assist domestic MNC's international ventures using their state owned enterprises (SOEs). This paper aims to examine the political strategies practiced by a Brazilian multinational engineering company in its international operations in its dealings with home country state owned enterprises. The methodology employed was the single case study, using a qualitative approach for data collection and analysis at a large Brazilian multinational engineering company. The findings revealed that political strategies directed at SOEs from home governments are critical to a company's internationalization process.
An Entropy-based Mathematical Formulation for Straight Assembly Line Balancing Problem
Authors: Heydari Ahmad , Mahmoodirad Ali , Niroomand Sadegh
Published: August 2016

This paper focuses on formulating a typical simple assembly line balancing problem. A new objective function based on a nonlinear entropy function is considered for the simple assembly line balancing problem for the first time. This objective function force the stations to have more similar total task processing time, so that the workers of the stations will have similar work load. Using a bounded variable approach, the nonlinear objective function is converted to an approximated linear objective function. Finally, efficiency of the linearized formulation of the entropy-based assembly line balancing problem is tested by a numerical example.
Constructing Structural Equation Model Rule-Based Fuzzy System with Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Su EnDer , Knowles Thomas W. , Fen Yu-Gin
Published: August 2016

The present study uses the structural equation model (SEM) to analyze the correlations between various economic indices pertaining to latent variables, such as the New Taiwan Dollar (NTD) value, the United States Dollar (USD) value, and USD index. In addition, a risk factor of volatility of currency returns is considered to develop a risk-controllable fuzzy inference system. The rational and linguistic knowledge-based fuzzy rules are established based on the SEM model and then optimized using the genetic algorithm. The empirical results reveal that the fuzzy logic trading system using the SEM indeed outperforms the buy-and-hold strategy. Moreover, when considering the risk factor of currency volatility, the performance appears significantly better. Remarkably, the trading strategy is apparently affected when the USD value or the volatility of currency returns shifts into either a higher or lower state.
An adult learning perspective on disability and microfinance: The case of Katureebe
Authors: Nuwagaba Ephraim L. , Rule Peter N.
Published: August 2016

Background: Despite Uganda’s progress in promoting affirmative action for persons with disabilities and its strategy of using microfinance to fight poverty, access to microfinance services by persons with disabilities is still problematic due to barriers, characterised by discrepancies between policies and practices. Regarding education, the affirmative action in favour of learners with disabilities has not translated into actual learning opportunities due to personal and environmental barriers.Objectives: The study on which this article is based investigated the non-formal and informal adult learning practices regarding microfinance that persons with disabilities engaged in. This article seeks to illuminate the barriers that a person with a visual impairment encountered while learning about and engaging with microfinance and the strategies that he developed to overcome them.Methods: This was a case study, framed within the social model of disability and critical research paradigm. Data were collected through in-depth interviews of a person with visual impairment and observations of the environment in which adult learning and engagement with Savings and Credit Cooperative Organisations (SACCOs) occurred.Results: Findings indicate that the person with a visual disability faced barriers to learning about microfinance services. He experienced barriers in an integrated manner and developed strategies to overcome these barriers. The barriers and strategies are theorised using the social model of disability.Conclusion: The case of a person with visual impairment suggests that persons with disabilities face multiple barriers regarding microfinance, including social, psychological and educational. However, his own agency and attitudes were also of importance as they influenced his learning. Viewing these barriers as blockades can lead to non-participation in learning and engagement with microfinance whereas viewing them as surmountable hurdles can potentially motivate participants to succeed in learning about and engaging with microfinance.
Democracy and consensus decision-making among the Bemba-speaking people of Zambia: An African theological perspective
Authors: Muwowo Simon
Published: August 2016

This article contributes to a critical assessment of the concept of democracy and consensus decision-making of the Bemba matrilineal governance system as a basis for a democratic model of engagement in African politics from an African theological perspective. It is of the opinion that assessing the concept of democracy by consensus decision-making of the Bemba provides a dialogue between the African traditional governance systems as a viable form of political governance ideal for multi-ethnic countries such as Zambia. This is a pinnacle of the 21st century debate which elaborates the important task of African Christian Theology in the rehabilitation, or renovation process of politics of identity for an authentic governance system with authentic African flavour for African governance systems.
The relationship between moral intervention strategies and the stigmatisation of people living with HIV – A Christian perspective
Authors: Van der Walt Izak J. , Vorster Jacobus M.
Published: August 2016

One of the ways in which sexual transmission of AIDS is addressed is through moral interventions by organisations affiliated with Christian churches. However, this approach has been heavily criticised in recent literature, implying that moral interventions by church-affiliated organisations generally lead to stigmatisation which is one of the major obstacles to their involvement in HIV prevention. This article explores the origin of this accusation and discusses the Christian-ethical aspects related to HIV or AIDS. The conclusion is that the fact that churches take the Word of God and Christian morality as point of departure in HIV or AIDS intervention programmes does not imply that people who transgressed religious moral teachings may be condemned. On the contrary, the church preaches Christian forgiveness, mercy and empathy. Churches and organisations affiliated with churches should therefore be regarded as valuable partners in the fight against AIDS, for while propagating a normative lifestyle, they also preach love, compassion and support for people living with HIV.
Thomas Wolsey on stage and screen
Authors: Hornbeck Patrick
Published: August 2016

Cardinal Thomas Wolsey, lord chancellor of England from 1515 to 1529, has played no small part in the many literary, historical and dramatic retellings of the reign of King Henry VIII. This article presents the first extended analysis of the way in which Wolsey has been represented by playwrights and, later, film and television writers during the years from his death in 1530 through the present. The article demonstrates that by the middle of the 16th century, two competing narratives about Wolsey had become entrenched historiographically, and nearly all subsequent accounts borrow substantially from the narratives of either Edward Hall (1550) or George Cavendish (1554–1558). How successive playwrights and screenwriters balanced the cardinal’s two archetypal personae has often depended, in no small part, on the concerns of their own day. In the 21st century, readings of the cardinal as crafty rather than callous, unlucky rather than unprincipled, have become more common, and with them have come more sympathetic portrayals of a traditional Tudor villain.
Workplace spirituality: A tool or a trend?
Authors: Schutte Philip J.W.
Published: August 2016

Workplace spirituality is a construct widely discussed over the past few decades and it is a much-disputed inquiry field which is gaining the interest of practitioners and scholars. Some clarifications regarding concepts and definitions are necessary in order to structure and direct the current debate. The aim of this conceptual article is to gain a better understanding regarding the direction in which this field of study is progressing and to put the question on the table namely, whether workplace spirituality is only a new tool to be used in leadership development or is it a trend to be taken seriously? The results showed that this field has potential to further development. This article can be used as foundation for future studies within the knowledge area of practical theology.
Jewish fish (ΙΧΘΥΣ) in post-supersessionist water: Messianic Judaism within a post-supersessionistic paradigm
Authors: Willitts Joel
Published: August 2016

This article defines, explains and argues for the necessity of a post-supersessionistic hermeneutical posture towards the New Testament. The post-supersessionistic reading of the New Testament takes the Jewish nature of the apostolic documents seriously, and has as its goal the correction of the sin of supersessionism. While supersessionism theologically is repudiated in most corners of the contemporary church through official church documents, the practise of reading the New Testament continues to exhibit supersessionistic tendencies and outcomes. The consequence of this predominant reading of the New Testament is the continued exclusion of Jewish ethnic identity in the church. In light of the growing recognition of multiculturalism and contextualisation on the one hand, and the recent presence of a movement within the body of Messiah of Jewish believers in Jesus on the other, the church’s established approach to reading Scripture that leads to the elimination of ethnic identity must be repudiated alongside its post-supersessionist doctrinal statements. This article defines terms, explains consequences and argues for a renewed perspective on the New Testament as an ethnic document; such a perspective will promote the church’s cultivation of real embodied ethnic particularity rather than either a pseudo-interculturalism or the eraser full ethnicity.
Impacts of aviation fuel sulfur content on climate and human health
Authors: Kapadia Zarashpe Z. , Spracklen Dominick V. , Arnold Steve R. , Borman Duncan J. , Mann Graham W. , Pringle Kirsty J. , Monks Sarah A. , Reddington Carly L. , Benduhn François , Rap Alexandru , Scott Catherine E. , Butt Edward W. , Yoshioka Masaru
Published: August 2016

Abstract. Aviation emissions impact both air quality and climate. Using a coupled tropospheric chemistry-aerosol microphysics model we investigate the effects of varying aviation fuel sulfur content (FSC) on premature mortality from long-term exposure to aviation-sourced PM2.5 (particulate matter with a dry diameter of  <  2.5 µm) and on the global radiation budget due to changes in aerosol and tropospheric ozone. We estimate that present-day non-CO2 aviation emissions with a typical FSC of 600 ppm result in  ∼  3600 [95 % CI: 1310–5890] annual premature mortalities globally due to increases in cases of cardiopulmonary disease and lung cancer, resulting from increased surface PM2.5 concentrations. We quantify the global annual mean combined radiative effect (REcomb) of non-CO2 aviation emissions as −13.3 mW m−2; from increases in aerosols (direct radiative effect and cloud albedo effect) and tropospheric ozone. Ultra-low sulfur jet fuel (ULSJ; FSC  =  15 ppm) has been proposed as an option to reduce the adverse health impacts of aviation-induced PM2.5. We calculate that swapping the global aviation fleet to ULSJ fuel would reduce the global aviation-induced mortality rate by  ∼  620 [95 % CI: 230–1020] mortalities a−1 and increase REcomb by +7.0 mW m−2. We explore the impact of varying aviation FSC between 0 and 6000 ppm. Increasing FSC increases aviation-induced mortality, while enhancing climate cooling through increasing the aerosol cloud albedo effect (CAE). We explore the relationship between the injection altitude of aviation emissions and the resulting climate and air quality impacts. Compared to the standard aviation emissions distribution, releasing aviation emissions at the ground increases global aviation-induced mortality and produces a net warming effect, primarily through a reduced CAE. Aviation emissions injected at the surface are 5 times less effective at forming cloud condensation nuclei, reducing the aviation-induced CAE by a factor of 10. Applying high FSCs at aviation cruise altitudes combined with ULSJ fuel at lower altitudes results in reduced aviation-induced mortality and increased negative RE compared to the baseline aviation scenario.
The progression of the boreal winter monsoon through the western Maritime Continent as differentiated by ENSO phase
Authors: Lee Shao-Yi , McBride John L.
Published: August 2016

Abstract. The impact of global ENSO on the regional monsoon onset over the Maritime Continent is examined, using satellite-derived scatterometer surface winds over the sea channel from the South China Sea, through the Karimata Strait into the Java Sea. An index of monsoon onset, fracsign, is defined based on a positive dot-product between the monthly wind at each gridpoint and the "basis-wind" or climatological wind at the peak of the relevant monsoon season.Rather than being delayed throughout the Maritime Continent during El Niño years, the monsoon is seen to arrive faster at and remain longer over the western Maritime Continent, and therefore delayed for the eastern Maritime Continent. The wind-based diagnostic can be further decomposed into two components that reflect the monsoon wind strength and the location of the wind convergence zone, respectively. During El Niño years, the monsoon strength post-onset is weaker than normal over the eastern maritime continent. However, there is no ENSO-related differentiation in monsoon strength post-onset over the western Maritime Continent.
Rooting and plant density strongly determine greenhouse gas budget
of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) mats
Authors: Sobreira Oliveira Junior Ernandes , Tang Yingying , van den Berg Sanne J. P. , Lamers Leon P. M. , Kosten Sarian
Published: August 2016

Abstract. Water hyacinth occurs in numerous tropical and subtropical countries, either as a native or as an invasive exotic species, where it can establish large and dense mats. The plant is also frequently used for water purification and bioremediation purposes. Although it is a free-floating species, the plant roots into the sediment of shallow waters, tapping into the sediment nutrient pool. Its long and extensive root system strongly increases nutrient absorption, resulting in high growth rates and concurring high carbon sequestration rates. On the other hand, the plants may also fuel methane (CH4) production as dense mats may deplete oxygen in the surface water and sediment below, which in combination with the high production of organic matter creates favorable conditions for methanogenesis. We hypothesize that water hyacinth vegetation acts as a strong greenhouse gas (GHG) sink due to its high growth rates, especially when (sediment) nutrient availability is high. Still, this sink may be counterbalanced by CH4 release, which will be most pronounced when the plants are rooting in the sediment due to potential CH4 shuttling from the sediment through the roots and leaves into the atmosphere (chimney effect). To mechanistically unravel the influence of water hyacinth on nutrient dynamics and greenhouse gas fluxes, we performed an aquarium experiment in which plant density and root access to the sediment were manipulated. Although plant cover led to lower concentrations of dissolved total phosphorus (DTP) and phosphate, there were no effects of density or rooting. We found no vegetation effect on the ebullition of CH4, but its diffusion was 4.5 times higher at high plant coverage. Rooting increased CH4 diffusion by 1.3 (high density) and 4 times (low density), demonstrating the chimney effect that we hypothesized. Independent of rooting, however, water hyacinth at high density sequestrated less carbon compared to low density, possibly due to space limited growth and self-shading. Overall, water hyacinth enhanced CH4 emissions, especially when rooted. Due to water hyacinth's high CO2 sequestration rates, the overall GHG budget in terms of CO2 equivalents still resulted in water hyacinth mats being near-neutral or even a GHG sink, depending on water hyacinth density. Our results show that the effect of water hyacinth mats on GHG fluxes strongly depends on both plant density and contact with the sediment. This indicates that, when making regional GHG balances, not only plant presence but also its density and water depth – regulating sediment-root contact – should be taken into account.
The effects of different environmental factors on biochemical composition of particulate organic matters in Gwangyang Bay, South Korea
Authors: Lee Jang Han , Lee Dabin , Kang Jae Joong , Joo Hui Tae , Lee Jae Hyung , Lee Ho Won , Ahn So Hyun , Lee Sang Heon
Published: August 2016

Abstract. Biochemical composition of particulate organic matter (POM) through phytoplankton photosynthesis is important to determine food quality for planktonic consumers as well as physiological conditions of phytoplankton. Major environmental factors controlling for the biochemical composition were seasonally investigated in Gwangyang Bay which has only natural conditions (e.g., no artificial dams) in South Korea. Water samples for the biochemical compositions were obtained from three different light depths (100 %, 30 %, and 1 %) mainly at 3 sites in Gwangyang bay from April 2012 to April 2013. Different biochemical classes (carbohydrates [CHO], proteins [PRT], and lipids [LIP]) were extracted and then the concentrations were determined by the optical density measured with a spectrophotometer. The highest and lowest of PRT compositions among the three biochemical classes were in April 2012 (58.0 %) and August 2012 (21.2 %), whereas the highest and lowest LIP compositions were in August 2012 (49.0 %) and April 2012 (24.8 %), respectively. CHO composition was recorded high in January 2013 and maintained above 25 % during the study period. The calorific contents of food material (FM) ranged from 1.0 Kcal m−3 to 6.1 Kcal m−3 (annual mean ± S.D. = 2.8 Kcal m−3 ± 1.1 Kcal m−3). Based on Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis, a major governing factor for biochemical composition of POM was dissolved inorganic nitrogen loading from river-input in Gwangyang bay. In conclusion, relatively larger amount of FM and higher calorific contents of POM found in this study compared to other regions reflected good nutritive conditions for sustaining productive shellfish and fish populations in Gwangyang bay. Continuous observations are needed for monitoring marine ecosystem response to potential environmental perturbations in Gwangyang bay.
Translation as Paradigm for Human Sciences
Authors: Cassin Barbara
Published: August 2016

What if the language of the world were not Globish but translation? This article proposes translation to be the best paradigm for human sciences, exportable to other fields of politics and society. As a know-how with differences, translation provides an articulation between the one and the universal, on the one hand, and diversity or singularities, on the other. Translation helps to think anew the nature-culture relationship, far from any rootedness or nationalism, and it practices a consistent relativism. The author starts from her own experience of the Dictionary of Untranslatables to philosophize in tongues.
Sidestepping the Problem of the Unconscious: Why We Ought to Reframe the Lacan/Merleau-Ponty Debate in Bodily Terms
Authors: Harris Erica
Published: August 2016

This article is a proposal for reframing the debate between Merleau-Ponty and Lacan in bodily terms. Instead of focusing, as scholars tend to do, on Merleau-Ponty's difficulty accounting for the unconscious, I argue that the phenomenology of the body can offer Lacan a clue for how to develop the little-known notion of the organic Real that he struggled with in his seminars on anxiety and the four fundamental concepts of psychoanalysis.
Affective Indigestion: Lorde, Fanon, and Gutierrez-Rodriguez on Race and Affective Labor
Authors: Whitney Shiloh
Published: August 2016

I argue that in order to understand the risks of exploitation indigenous to affective labor, we must consider the way in which the production of affects functions according to a logic of transmission and amplification rather than use and exchange. Taking Arlie Hochschild's study of affective labor as my starting point, I offer some criticisms of it. I turn to Encarnacion Gutierrez-Rodriguez's work on affective labor to propose a metabolic model of “affective indigestion” for theorizing the potential for exploitation endemic to affective labor and a unique kind of privilege that is the product of that exploitation. Drawing on Audre Lorde's account of anger as an indigestible affective by-product of metabolizing racist hatred and Fanon's account of “affective ankylosis,” I explore the connection of exploitative affective labor and racialization.
The Fragments of the Disaster: Blanchot and Galeano on Decolonial Writing
Authors: Wallace Jasmine
Published: August 2016

In his search for a community that does not rely upon the false unities of subjectivity or identity, Maurice Blanchot looks to literature and writing. To achieve the common in community, Blanchot argues for the development of unworking writing practices aimed at the silence anterior to language—a silence that constitutes authentic communication. Instead of abiding by the rules of grammar, Blanchot encourages writers to produce fragments. This fragmentation causes fissures in the structures of language, giving way to an original silence that has the potential to found our future communities absent principles of sovereignty. With a sensitivity to the ways that silence has been forced onto historically marginalized communities, I will explore Blanchot's theory of unworking toward silence. Recognizing that there are undesirable modes of silence that cohere and sustain communities, I will offer an element of nuance to Blanchot's strategy of fragmentary writing toward the silence anterior to language: the process of unworking in fragmentation, if it is to successfully avoid compounding forms of oppression, must first pass through silenced communities whose histories have been forcibly fragmented. The journey through oppressed communities requires that we reconstruct certain narratives before we fragment them.
Derrida and the Autoimmunity of Democracy
Authors: Evans Fred
Published: August 2016

Derrida argues that the idea of democracy suffers from a fatal “autoimmunity”: its freedom and equality requirements cancel each other out. But he also feels that because of this malady democracy can enjoy a form of “reasonableness” and “possibility as impossible” that favors it over all other kinds of polity. In particular, recognition of the inherent limitations of this autoimmunity might help counter harmful policies arrogantly carried out in democracy's name. While approving of Derrida's admonitions, I question the guiding role he assigns to an unconditional “democracy to come.” I argue that his characterization of this idea immanently undoes his argument for the autoimmunity of conditional democracies. But I also claim that the promise he finds in autoimmunity is derivable from a different and overlooked aspect of his thinking—his philosophical use of “voice” throughout his work and its implications for three political virtues that he also favors: solidarity, heterogeneity, and fecundity or the creation of new voices.
Rhythm and Transformation Through Memory: On Augustine's Confessions After De Musica
Authors: Wiskus Jessica
Published: August 2016

I read the whole of Augustine's Confessions (not merely book XI) as an extended essay on the phenomenology of time-consciousness, understanding the Confessions as a performative text—as a text that enacts or performs the very content it describes. The key to this reading lies in a careful study of Augustine's use of psalms and hymns in his work, centered upon “Deus, creator omnium.” This hymn not only appears in book XI but forms an important structural element (as referenced also in books IV, IX, and X); it plays a similar and significant role in Augustine's De Musica as well. Through his interpretation of the performance of “Deus, creator omnium” in De Musica, Augustine presents a highly sophisticated notion of rhythm that discloses a nonlinear account of time essential to my reading of book XI of the Confessions; memory comes to be understood as illuminating not only the past but also the present and future. Moreover, the centrality of rhythm in De Musica allows us to understand how the structural whole of the Confessions is organized rhythmically, performing a “beginning” that serves as origin only retroactively, through relation or proportion to the end.
Who Thinks Abstractly? Deleuze on Abstraction
Authors: Adkins Brent
Published: August 2016

In his well-known essay “Who Thinks Abstractly?” Hegel argues that abstraction is in fact the sign of nonphilosophical thought. Despite the common misconception, only philosophical thought is truly concrete. In fact, thought itself, according to Hegel, is the movement from the abstract to the concrete. I argue that the crucial difference here is that Deleuze does not think abstraction on the same axis as Hegel. Whereas Hegel (and people generally) think of the abstract in opposition to the concrete, Deleuze thinks of the abstract in opposition to the discrete.
Trauma and Historical Witnessing: Hope for Malabou's New Wounded
Authors: Gammage Jennifer O.
Published: August 2016

Malabou claims that trauma permanently punctures sociohistorical connections and creates deconstituted subjectivities that Freudian psychoanalysis cannot address. Working from her provocations, I show that Freud provides an understanding of history as essentially discontinuous and allows us to acknowledge discursive latency, which opens the way for a reevaluation of analysis as a form of historical witnessing. While Malabou denies the possibility of hope for understanding post-traumatic stress disorder survivors, I argue, along with contemporary theorists and analysts, that we have a responsibility to allow the new histories inaugurated by trauma to enter into the social narrative and stretch the boundaries of shared memory.
Pedagogy and Plurality in the Work of Michèle Le Dœuff
Authors: Haddad Samir
Published: August 2016

In this article I analyze Michèle Le Dœuff's rich diagnosis of the way philosophical pedagogy excludes women and her proposal for philosophy's transformation into a more open and plural endeavor. I argue, however, that Le Dœuff does not address the question of how philosophy thus transformed should be taught. I thus explore the ways that her vision of a pluralized philosophy could be incorporated into philosophical pedagogy, providing a Le Dœuffian alternative to the traditional pedagogical model she opposes.
Patterns and Implications of Hydrologic Regime Change in Chongwe River, Zambia
Authors: Chisola Moses Ngongo , Kuráž Michal
Published: August 2016

Conflicts regarding water use have emerged in some small irrigation dominated peri-urban catchments in Zambia; Chongwe being one such catchment. Despite these conflicts suggesting a change in hydrologic regime, the nature of the changes and their drivers has not been adequately investigated. The Mann Kendall trend test and Flow Duration Curves were used to investigate changes in hydro-climatic time series data in Chongwe upper catchment for the period 1955-2006. Although the results reviewed a significant upward trend in temperature at 0.05 significance level, there is no significant trend in rainfall. Annual and seasonal runoff at the upstream located Ngwerere weir reviewed significant upward trends at 0.05 significance level. This increased runoff which is attributed to sewer water discharge and increased imperviousness is abstracted for agricultural activities upstream. In this regard, results reviewed no significant trend in runoff at the outlet gauging station (Chongwe 5025). However, analysis of the Flow Duration Curves at this outlet gauging station indicated an increase in wet season flows and a reduction in dry season flows for the 1990-2006 period. These results suggest that human activities in the upstream parts of the catchments could be the major contributing factors to the changes in flow regime, hence the ensuing upstream vs downstream water use conflicts. However, there is still excess runoff in the wet season that could be harvested by downstream water users in order to offset the deficit in downstream dry season flows.
Effectiveness Trichoderma asperellum on the Growth Cocoa Seeds under the Old Cocoa Trees
Authors: Palad Marliana S. , Ala Ambo , Nasaruddin Nasaruddin , Sannang Nadira
Published: August 2016

This study aimed to determine the effect of Trichoderma asperellum on the growth of cocoa seedlings under cocoa stands around 20 years old, so that cocoa seedlings to be used as rootstock on approach grafting for the rehabilitation of the roots of cocoa plants are old, growing well. Research compiled by randomized block design with frequency variation application T. asperellum that, once, twice and three times application respectively of4 gr.L-1 each plant. The results of the research, granting T. asperellum on cocoa seedlings planted under old cocoa trees and is still productive, able to help overcome competition in the utilization of nutrients and water as well as other growth inhibiting factors, and the influential on the vegetative growth of cocoa seedlings. Frequency of the best is three times the application that provides the most effective results for growing cocoa seeds, the seed growing percentage of 100% and an average plant height of 144.45 cm; number of leaves 37 strands; stem diameter 12.22 mm; and total leaf area 1388.30 cm2.
Bending Response and Energy Absorption of Closed-Hat-Section Beams
Authors: Hashim Hafizan , Ab Ghani Amir Radzi , Kuntjoro Wahyu
Published: August 2016

Many articles on bending collapse but not limited to closed-hat-section beams have been reported mainly from experimental point of view but less in simulation-based approach. Detailed investigation on critical parameters of closed-hat-section beams to examine their energy absorption capability is also less found in the literature. This paper presents the procedure for development and validation of a finite element (FE) model of a closed-hat-section beam under quasi static three-point bending using an explicit nonlinear FE technique. Developed FE models were validated through comparison with existing and present experiment results. Firstly, the existing models were rebulit via present modeling technique using informations provided in the relevant research report. Simulation results of rebuilt model were compared with existing results for verification and validation. Next, to further validate the present model, actual physical experiment replicating the FE model was set up for comparison of results. Validated models were then used in parametric studies in order to investigate the effect of some critical parameters such as plate thickness, flange and web width, and foam filler. Results show that the wall thickness, web width, and filler have direct effect on bending stiffness. Foam filling indicated significant enhancement on the crush and energy absorption of closed-hat-section beams. This study provides detail procedures and research information which will facilitate improvisation of current design as well as the design of foam filled closed-hat-section beams as energy absorbers in impact applications.
Branding an Important Step in Business Success
Authors: Jafari Behzad , Behnam Far Forough , Babaei Abolfazl , Faraji Maryam
Published: August 2016

Businesses are always looking for a way to advertise their products and services indirectly, in other words, to stick themselves on their clients and addresses mind. A successful company should try to make familiar their made products years. In this regard whenever the company produces goods and it's attempt is to sell more, then they will advance faster than competitors, if they invent a suitable trade name. Since past creation a trade name has assumed an important proceeding in consumer markets.Researches show that purchase descions are more complicated in consumer markets, and many companies have set their decisions based on different factors except creation a trade name. Many active companies in trading science ignore creation a trade name and it pursues many risks for them.
Studying the Place of Intertextuality in Iranian Painting (Case Samples: Qajar Era)
Authors: Siamak Panahi , Forough Farazjou , Shima Majdi
Published: August 2016

Intertextuality studies are as one of the significant approaches in literature and art. This term for the first time was proposed by Julia Kristeva 60s and later it was expanded by persons such as Roland Barthes, Gerard Genette & et al. Nowadays we are living in a world which is full of texts and these texts are born in it, grow and finally give their place to other texts but they aren’t disappeared. These texts are knotted to each other with intertextuality rules and they have interaction with each other. They sometimes deny or confirm each other but any way they influence on each other. In fact existence of sign world and existing texts and their effects in creation of each artistic effect are inevitable.This paper intends to consider the applicable studies of intertextuality in Iranian community art by concentrating on Qajar era painting. And it refers to the role of intertextuality in producing and reading the works by studying the case samples.The methodology in this research with review of art history and due to the analyses done on the works (sample to sample) will be analytic-descriptive according to the allegorical method.
The Study of Brand logos Dimensions on Performance of Ilam National Company of Oil Products performance
Authors: Karami Mojtaba , Aidi Mohammad
Published: August 2016

Nowadays the brands play such an important role in marketing that some authorities consider them as a complete product and believe that customers buy that brand rather than the products. Therefore recognizing the effective factors in choosing the brands and investigating the functional benefits of brand makes various studies necessary. This study tries to examine the effects of brand names and logos in Ilam Oil products Distribution Company's performance. This study is a survey one with an empirical structure. The sample consists of the constant customers of Ilam Oil products. According to statistic findings 30 variables have been effective in the role of brand and logos in Oil Company’s performance. The first group of the variables include the brand's functional benefits. The second our is logo's benefits. The third involves the aesthetic appeal of brands while the other goes to brand identification and customer brand commitment.
Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) in Tehran Comprehensive Plan of Transportation and Traffic: An Approach Toward Achieving Sustainable Urban Development Projects
Authors: Azizi Hamid , Ahmadian Reza , Ghorbani Saleh , Daneshdost Mehrdad
Published: August 2016

Believe in environmental reform is one of the sources of urban planning and probably is the most important and stable ideology of it. Urban rapid advancement in all realms especially during last two decades led various urban designs to reinforce harmony of urban development. On the other hand, emerge of some contexts such as sustainability and need of adoptability of urban designs with environmental factors caused new terms to create such as strategic environmental assessment.in this study; the origin of theoretical model of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) will be presented. Moreover the practical circumstances of mentioned model in sustainable urban designs will analyzed. Therefore, the process of urban development designs can be optimized and the appropriate system to reach sustainability can be introduced. Transportation and traffic comprehensive plan of Tehran is the case study of the research due to its importance and adoptability to the contents of sustainable development. So, the technique taken to gain information, categorize their factors which affect sustainability is the Delphi technique. In addition, ICOLD Matrix is used to analyze the strategies of transportation comprehensive plan of Tehran with the factors of sustainability. The results of present research conform that the Strategies of Transportation and traffic comprehensive plan of Tehran needs refinement to reach the factors of sustainability. On the other hand, the process of SEA in planning period to achieve sustainable and optimum strategies is considered inevitable.