bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Air Pollution on the Colour of the Sky
Authors: Meng Yihang
Published: July 2024

The serene blue sky on a sunny day often evokes feelings of joy and tranquility. Despite blue being a cool hue, the clear, pollution-free sky brings a sense of warmth and relaxation. This article delves into air pollution, addressing its causes, inluding mobile, stationary, area, and natural sources. Futhermore, this article discuss the categorizing pollutants into primary and secondary types. Additionally, this paper explores the principles underlying sky color, distinguishing between blue and gray sky scenarios. Furthermore, it examines the repercussions of air pollution on the sky’s color throughout the day, inclusing morning, evening, night. Finally, this article analysis its detrimental impacts on human health and the environment. Efforts to transition to renewable energy, improve energy efficiency, protect ecosystems, and enhance resilience are critical to mitigating the effects of global warming and securing the planet’s future.
Optimizing synthesis and applications of sodium valproate: Towards efficiency, affordability, and sustainability
Authors: Chen Aowen , Su Shengyang
Published: July 2024

This study reviews the synthesis, optimization, and potential applications of sodium valproate, a key pharmaceutical agent in the treatment of neurological disorders such as epilepsy, bipolar disorder, and depression. The primary focus is on refining the synthesis process of sodium valproate to enhance production efficiency, reduce costs, and increase the accessibility of this crucial medication. By exploring various synthetic routes and optimizing reaction conditions—such as temperature, pressure, and solvent selection. The study aims to develop a more efficient and cost-effective manufacturing process. Special attention is given to the environmental impacts of the synthesis methods, seeking to establish greener and more sustainable practices. The study also discusses advancements in drug formulations, including the development of new therapeutic indications and combination therapies that could potentially improve patient outcomes. Future research directions include optimizing sodium valproate’s molecular structure, investigating its use in personalized medicine, and minimizing its side effects. Through meticulous analysis and innovative approaches, this research contributes to the ongoing development of sodium valproate, ensuring its efficacy, safety, and environmental sustainability in pharmaceutical production.
Future sustainable space exploration: Space conditions adaptation and self-sustaining system
Authors: Song Chenghao
Published: July 2024

Creating regenerative systems onboard space vehicles is the next technological breakthrough to reduce cost, efficiency, and sustainability of space exploration. Near future projects include NASA’s plan to set up moon base as soon as 2028 in one of the Artemis missions. Upon architectural and structural maturation, focus is shifted to maintaining presence. This includes minimising astrological impacts on the crew and building self-sustaining systems that would be the key to a new era of ambitious missions. ALS and HLS will provide transportation for the missions from the Earth to destinations, with impacts on the crew during journey discussed. Ways of minimising effects are vital to missions in the long run. Process of activation and operating core modules is portrayed on blueprints. Details of development and current technological advances that could be utilised may offer potential on the system, new advancements by the time of liftoff is expected for taking pioneering space missions to a new level.
Resent Researches and Applications on Piezoresistive Flexible Pressure Sensor
Authors: Cao Yuxuan
Published: July 2024

Recent developments in piezoresistive flexible pressure sensors have generated a lot of interest because of the possible uses across numerous industries. With a focus on improving sensor performance, this paper covers current developments in the area of piezoresistive flexible pressure sensors. Over the years, there has been a growing interest in improving the capabilities of these sensors, leading researchers to explore various avenues for enhancement. The review highlights two primary areas of research: the optimization of active materials and the enhancement of sensor structures. These areas are actively being investigated to achieve superior sensor performance and overall functionality. In addition to utilizing high-quality materials, optimizing the sensor’s structure is crucial for achieving improved sensitivity, accuracy, and stability. The review also explores the wide range of applications where pressure sensors have made significant contributions, including human motion monitoring, healthcare, and other domains. Flexible and highly sensitive pressure sensors have the potential to revolutionize several sectors and open up new opportunities.
Wearable strain sensors and their applications
Authors: Sun Yuxuan
Published: July 2024

This paper summarizes recent advances in the design and realization of PDMS-based, high-performance conductive hydrogel-based, MXene-based, CNT-GNP-based and Ultra-thin gold nanowires-based sensors. Wearable strain sensors are widely used in medical detector, dynamic monitoring, and human-computer interaction due to their excellent stretchability, sensitivity, and durability. At this stage, technologies such as graphene and nanocellulose thin film mosaic, neuron-like structures, GNP-CNT hybrid films, and ultrathin gold nanowire fabrication have been successfully utilized in the development of higher performance and higher quality wearable strain sensors. Different strain sensors have different advantages in terms of different mechanical properties. The text compares the advantages of strain sensors made of different materials applied to different devices. Finally, it looks at the future prospects of wearable strain sensors. Although sensors have made great progress in the application of products in medicine, life and other aspects, it is still not possible to put these products into use on a large scale. Corresponding products still face problems and challenges to improve and enhance their performance.
Research progress of Chinese and Western diet therapy for children and adolescent obesity and overweight
Authors: Tong Fang , Wang Songtao , Yang Qiyu
Published: July 2024

Childhood and adolescent overweight and obesity rates have been increasing year by year, becoming extremely common and posing serious health risks, making it a global epidemic. Childhood obesity should not be ignored, and in-depth prevention and treatment should be implemented to reduce the risk of chronic diseases in adulthood and promote long-term health and physical development in children. Dietary therapy is beneficial for children to maintain a healthy weight, achieve nutritional balance, and prevent obesity. Additionally, specific nutritional requirements such as the ketogenic diet can be used in combination with dietary therapy to target the treatment of obese children. The traffic light diet plan can enhance children’s awareness of healthy eating and promote adherence to a balanced diet. However, childhood obesity is influenced by various factors. This article will analyze the causes of childhood obesity and incorporate the dietary concepts of ancient Chinese scholars. It will compare the different dietary treatment methods for childhood obesity in traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine, such as the Warm Gallbladder Decoction, and explore other complementary interventions such as medication. By comparing the similarities and differences between traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine, we can avoid their respective shortcomings and develop their advantages, combining them to provide feasible short-term and long-term treatment methods for obese children and adolescents. Furthermore, it can provide future research prospects for the development of dietary treatments specifically tailored to pediatric obesity patients.
Immunotherapy in Breast Cancer: Situation and Challenge
Authors: Kang Yuzhuo
Published: July 2024

Breast cancer (BC) is a huge worldwide health concern that necessitates novel therapeutic approaches. Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising avenue, leveraging the immune system’s intrinsic capabilities to combat malignancies. This review examines the mechanisms, recent advances and future prospects of BC immunotherapy using monoclonal antibodies (MABs), immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), cytokines, vaccines and CAR T-cells. The objective of this paper is to offer a comprehensive understanding of the complexities of immunotherapeutic methods, their mechanisms of action, and their potential influence on the treatment of BC. Studies have found that MABs provide targeting precision, ICIs disrupt immune evasion, cytokine therapies modulate immune responses, vaccines stimulate anti-tumor immunity, and CAR T cells provide personalized immune modulation. Clinical trials have showcased encouraging outcomes, particularly in aggressive and metastatic cases. However, Immunotherapy in BC treatment faces limitations such as varying responses among patients and the development of resistance mechanisms by cancer cells. Further research is needed to address these challenges and enhance the effectiveness of this approach.
Éviter les pièges dans l’interprétation des anesthésies sémiologiques
Authors: Paindaveine Charlotte , Schumacher Jim , Schramme Michael , Schumacher John
Published: July 2024

L’anesthésie sémiologique est un outil indispensable dans l’évaluation des boiteries puisqu’elle offre le seul moyen de localiser l’origine de la douleur qui entraine la boiterie. Cependant, différentes erreurs peuvent survenir et entrainer une mauvaise interprétation. Parmi elles se trouvent une imprécision concernant le site d’injection ainsi que l’administration d’un anesthésique local en quantité insuffisante ou pas assez puissante. Il est donc important de connaître les causes spécifiques des potentielles erreurs afin de les éviter ou de les prendre en compte dans l’interprétation. Par ailleurs, de nos jours, les injections intra-articulaires sont controversées puisqu’il semble qu’elles soient délétères pour le cartilage. Dès lors, les anesthésies intra-articulaires devraient être réalisées avec les anesthésiques locaux les moins toxiques comme la mépivacaïne ou la ropivacaïne.
Primäre Hyperoxalurie
Authors: Saadé Chloé , Knauf Felix
Published: July 2024

Die primäre Hyperoxalurie umfasst eine Gruppe seltener autosomal-rezessiv vererbter Stoffwechselerkrankungen. Sie werden durch Mutationen in Enzymen verursacht, die an der endogenen Oxalatsynthese beteiligt sind. Es gibt 3 primäre Hyperoxalurien: Typ 1, 2 und 3, die jeweils einen anderen Defekt vorweisen, der in einer Oxalatüberproduktion resultiert. Dies führt zur Kristallisation von Kalziumoxalat (CaOx), entweder in Form von Nieren- und Harnleitersteinen, Nephrokalzinose oder als systemische Oxalose. Aufgrund der Heterogenität der Symptome und der großen Altersspanne ist die Diagnose oft schwierig. Biochemische und genetische Untersuchungen sind erforderlich, um die Diagnose so früh wie möglich zu bestätigen. Dies ist essenziell, um eine angemessene Behandlung einzuleiten und die Prognose zu verbessern. Ziel dieser Übersicht ist es, einen Überblick über aktuelle Empfehlungen und Updates zur Behandlung der primären Hyperoxalurie zu geben.
Evaluation of Current Artificial Intelligence Programs on the Knowledge of Glaucoma
Authors: Sensoy Eyupcan , Citirik Mehmet
Published: July 2024

Background To measure the success of three different artificial intelligence chatbots, ChatGPT, Bard, and Bing, in correctly answering questions about glaucoma types and treatment modalities and to examine their superiority over each other.

Materials and Methods Thirty-two questions about glaucoma types and treatment modalities were asked using the ChatGPT, Bard, and Bing chatbots. The correct and incorrect answers were also provided. Accuracy rates were compared.

Outcomes Questions asked: ChatGPT answered 56.3%, Bard 78.1%, and Bing 59.4% correctly. There was no statistically significant difference between the three artificial intelligence chatbots in the rate of correct and incorrect answers to the questions asked (p = 0.195).

Conclusion Artificial intelligence chatbots can be used as a tool to access accurate information regarding glaucoma types and treatment modalities. However, the information obtained is not always accurate, and care should be taken when using this information.
DNVF Memorandum – Ziele und Methoden bewegungsbezogener
Versorgungsforschung
Authors: Gabrys Lars , Schaller Andrea , Peters Stefan , Barzel Anne , Berrisch-Rahmel Susanne , Dreinhöfer Karsten E. , Eckert Katharina , Göhner Wiebke , Geidl Wolfgang , Krupp Sonja , Lange Martin , Nebel Roland , Pfeifer Klaus , Reusch Andrea , Schmidt-Ohlemann Matthias , Jana Semrau , Sewerin Philipp , Steindorf Karen , Ströhle Andreas , Sudeck Gorden , Wäsche Hagen , Wolf Sebastian , Wollesen Bettina , Thiel Christian
Published: July 2024

zusammenfassung

Das DNVF Memorandum – Ziele und Methoden bewegungsbezogener Versorgungsforschung
fasst das erste Mal das stark interdisziplinäre und interprofessionelle Feld der
Bewegungsversorgung im deutschen Gesundheitssystem zusammen. Neben einer
begrifflichen Einordnung und Definition zentraler Maßnahmen und Konzepte der
Bewegungsversorgungsforschung werden bestehende Forschungslücken und
Forschungsbedarfe herausgearbeitet und Methoden zur Weiterentwicklung des noch
recht jungen Forschungsgebiets beschrieben. Ein besonderer Fokus liegt hierbei
auf der Darstellung relevanter Zielparameter und deren standardisierte Erfassung
mittels etablierter und valider Messinstrumente. Ziel des Memorandums ist es,
ein einheitliches Verständnis für den komplexen Gegenstand der
Bewegungsförderung und Bewegungstherapie im Kontext der Gesundheitsversorgung zu
schaffen, neue Forschungsinitiativen anzustoßen und die bestehende gute Evidenz
zur Wirksamkeit von körperlicher Aktivität und körperlichem Training stärker in
die Gesundheitsversorgung zu integrieren.
Extracts of Prunella vulgaris Enhanced Pentobarbital-Induced Sleeping Behavior in Mice Potentially via Adenosine A2A Receptor Activity
Authors: Sayson Leandro Val , Campomayor Nicole Bon , Ortiz Darlene Mae , Lee Hyun Jun , Balataria Sweetie , Park Sangsu , Lim Jeongin , Kang Heejin , Kim Hee Jin , Kim Mikyung
Published: July 2024

The increasing prevalence of sleep dysregulation cases has prompted the search for effective and safe sleep-enhancing agents. Numerous medications used in the treatment of sleep disorders function by enhancing γ-aminobutyric acid neurotransmitter activity. Unfortunately, these substances may induce significant adverse effects in chronic users, such as dependence and motor behavior impairments. Consequently, there is a growing interest in exploring therapeutic sleep-enhancing agents derived from natural sources, with the anticipation of causing less severe side effects. Prunella vulgaris (PV), a perennial plant indigenous to South Korea, exhibits various pharmacological effects, likely attributed to its chemical composition. Rosmarinic acid, one of its components, has previously demonstrated sleep-potentiating properties, suggesting the potential for PV to exhibit similar pharmacological effects. This study aims to investigate the potential effects of repeated
administration of PV extract on the sleep behavior, brainwave activity, sleep–wake cycle, and physiological behavior of mice. Findings indicate that PV extracts exhibit sleep-enhancing effects in mice, characterized by prolonged sleep duration and a reduced onset time of pentobarbital-induced sleep. However, PV extracts only reduced alpha wave powers, with minor alterations in wakefulness and rapid-eye-movement sleep duration. In contrast to diazepam, PV extracts lack adverse effects on locomotor activity, motor coordination, or anxiety in mice. Receptor-binding assay and caffeine treatment support the potential involvement of adenosine A2A receptors in the effects of PV, suggesting distinct mechanisms of action compared to diazepam, despite both exhibiting sleep-altering effects. Overall, our results suggest that PV holds promise as a potential source of sleep-aiding agents.
Effect of Saga Leaf Extract (Abrus precatorius Linn) in Inhibiting Enterococcus faecalis Bacteria Growth as an Alternative Root Canal Irrigation Material
Authors: Sari Pitri Ayu Puspita , Sugiaman Vinna Kurniawati , Djuanda Rudy
Published: July 2024

Objective This study aims to examine the antibacterial effect of saga leaf extract on Enterococcus faecalis bacteria, which causes root canal treatment failure.

Materials and Methods This research was conducted using a laboratory experimental method with saga leaf extract at 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100% concentrations. Two percent chlorhexidine acts as the positive control, and 100% dimethyl sulfoxide as the negative control. The diameter of the inhibition zones was measured using the well diffusion test method.

Statistical Analysis Data from the measurement of inhibition zone diameter were obtained and tested statistically using the normality test (Shapiro–Wilk), homogeneity test (Levene), parametric test (one-way analysis of variance), and further test (post hoc test).

Results The largest inhibition zone diameter observed in this study was 9.46 mm at 100% concentration; however, it was not bigger than the positive control, which was measured at 16.55 mm. The research data were analyzed based on the classification of Davis and Stout inhibition zones.

Conclusion This study concludes that saga leaf extract has an antibacterial effect on the growth of E. faecalis bacteria.
Development of Trisyllabic Word Recognition in Noise Test for Marathi-Speaking Children
Authors: Pathak Ayushi , Nanavati Nikita
Published: July 2024

Background Language and culture-specific speech perception tests help in the assessment of children's linguistic proficiency and comprehension. Recognizing difficulties in speech perception and implementing interventions in challenging auditory conditions are pivotal for their holistic development.

Objective The aim of this study was to develop a speech perception in noise test in Marathi using trisyllabic words for children between the age ranges of 3 and 6 years.

Method The study was conducted in two phases. The first phase comprised the development of trisyllabic word recognition in noise test in Marathi and the second phase comprised administration of the test on 90 typically developing normal hearing children aged 3 to 6 years. These children were divided into three groups (group A: >3–4 years; group B: >4–5 years; and group C: >5–6 years), with 30 participants in each group.

Results As the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) increases, children across different age range show an improvement in their speech perception scores. Also, young children require a more favorable SNR compared with older children to effectively comprehend speech in noisy conditions.

Conclusion The Trisyllabic word recognition in noise test will help in optimizing classroom acoustics for typical developing and hearing-impaired children. An SNR-based evaluation can provide guidance regarding interventions, amplification decisions, and auditory training, ensuring effective education and communication for children with hearing impairment.
Aggressive Metastatic Insulinoma in a Patient of Diabetes Mellitus with Documentation on Dual-Tracer PET-CT ([68Ga]Ga-DOTATATE and [18F]FDG): Clinical Benefits with Combined Chemo-PRRT Approach
Authors: Edamadaka Yeshwanth , Parghane Rahul V. , Basu Sandip
Published: July 2024

Insulinoma is a relatively uncommon pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor, with approximately 10% of the cases being malignant. Diabetes mellitus (DM) with concurrent insulinoma is very rare and the diagnosis of such condition is easily missed as it can be misconstrued as improved glycemic control. Therefore, persistent hypoglycemic symptoms even after stopping antidiabetic medications may be considered for insulinoma. Herein, we present a patient with DM and pancreatic insulinoma with extensive hepatic and skeletal metastases on dual-tracer positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) ([68Ga]Ga-DOTATATE and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose). Given the extensive disease, the patient was treated with a combination of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) and chemotherapy (capecitabine and temozolomide). During therapy, patient showed early clinical and imaging response for insulinoma leading to unmasking of poor glycemic control necessitating requirement of insulin administration for DM. The patient did not experience any life-threatening hypoglycemia during the chemo-PRRT treatment and showed an improvement in quality of life. Unfortunately, the disease progressed at the 4th cycle, 10 months after the initiation of PRRT. We conclude that combined chemo-PRRT may be considered an effective treatment option for patients with metastatic insulinoma and DM owing to its favorable imaging response and effective symptom control.
Doing physical activity or not: an ethnographic study of the reasoning of healthcare workers and people with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Thomsen Simon , Sandbæk Annelli , Agergaard Sine
Published: July 2024

According to biomedical notions, physical activity (PA) is an integral part of treatment for several non-communicable diseases, Type 2 diabetes (T2D) among them. Adapting one’s life in accordance with such notions, however, involves considerations that reach beyond what can be confined to treatment decisions. Thus, we aim to explore the various reasons for doing PA or not among healthcare workers and people with T2D taking part in programs that promote PA. We do so based on ethnographic fieldwork that includes observations and focus group interviews in two programs in a Danish municipality, and with inspiration drawn from Habermas’ theory of communicative action. Our results show that healthcare workers emphasize primarily health-related reasons for doing PA, including a moral imperative to be healthy, while people with T2D have a slew of other reasons for doing PA or not. These reasons together illustrate that for participants with T2D, long-term concerns for health and disease take a backseat to more immediate concerns for enjoyment, pain, and family, and that the participants generally reject the normative health imperative. We suggest that healthcare workers and participants with T2D engage in dialogue about their normative assumptions with the purpose of reaching a mutual understanding.
Assessing the effect of digital platforms on innovation quality: mechanism identification and threshold characteristics
Authors: Han Bing , Li Miaomiao , Diao Yanxia , Han Dongri
Published: July 2024

In the digital era, digital platforms are gradually changing the ways of life and social production and are becoming the centre of digital services in various industries. Additionally, they break the established institutional framework of social recognition and promote technological change and innovation. Thus, examining the quality of innovation facilitated by digital platforms has become an important area of research. This paper utilises China’s 2011–2021 provincial panel data and examines digital platforms, resource mismatches and innovation quality within the same research framework. The direct, indirect and nonlinear effects of digital platforms on innovation quality are explored using the fixed effects model, intermediary effect model and dynamic threshold regression model. The findings indicate that digital platforms have a significant positive direct effect on innovative quality, and resource mismatches play intermediary and threshold roles in the process. These findings offer policy guidance for constructing robust digital platform ecosystems and enhancing innovation quality.
Self-breakdown statistics of a high-pressure spark gap with a microarray graphite cathode
Authors: Wang Gang , Su Jiancang , Liu Wenyuan , Liu Sheng , Huo Yankun , Pan Yafeng , Fan Hongyan , Liu Shifei
Published: July 2024

Comparative measurements with high-pressure spark gaps (gas pressure: 0.2–0.9 MPa nitrogen, gap spacing 5 mm) are presented, one with a regular Bruce-profile polished graphite cathode (diameter 25 mm, thickness 8 mm) and the other with a microarray graphite cathode of equal dimensions. By microstructuring, a V-type graphite microarray is created by purpose-developed laser treatment of a plane graphite electrode. The microarray graphite cathode brings more initial plasma and then produces more initial electrons. It is beneficial for electron emission, which improves the stability of the switch breakdown. The experimental results are achieved at a gas pressure of 0.9 MPa and a 200-kV voltage pulse applied to the switch. With these parameters, the mean breakdown voltage is 91.7 kV, the minimum is 91.4 kV, and the mean relative standard deviation in breakdown voltage of the first 100 shots is 0.4%. Compared to a plane graphite cathode, the mean breakdown voltage is about 10% lower, and the mean relative standard deviation is reduced by more than 90%. The main result can be stated that microarray graphite cathodes are a suitable choice as electrodes for low-jitter high-pressure spark gaps.
Locally-homogeneous Riemann-Cartan geometries with the largest symmetry group
Authors: McNutt D. D. , van den Hoogen R. J. , Coley A. A.
Published: July 2024

The symmetry frame formalism is an effective tool for computing the symmetries of a Riemann-Cartan geometry and, in particular, in metric teleparallel geometries. In the case of non-vanishing torsion in a four dimensional Riemann-Cartan geometry, the Minkowski geometry is the only geometry admitting ten affine frame symmetries. Excluding this geometry, the maximal number of affine frame symmetries is seven. A natural question is to ask what four dimensional geometries admit a seven-dimensional group of affine frame symmetries. Such geometries are locally homogeneous and admit the largest isotropy group permitted, and hence are called maximally isotropic. Using the symmetry frame formalism to compute affine frame symmetries along with the additional structure of the torsion tensor, we employ the Cartan-Karlhede algorithm to determine all possible seven-dimensional symmetry groups for Riemann-Cartan geometries.
Magnetoelastic resonators functionalized with metal–organic framework water harvesters as wireless humidity sensors
Authors: Sisniega Beatriz , Fernández de Luis Roberto , Gutiérrez Jon , García-Arribas Alfredo
Published: July 2024

Relative humidity is a crucial parameter in several fields, such as air quality monitoring, food storage, or control of industrial processes. In this study, we propose a wireless humidity sensor based on magnetoelastic resonance sensors functionalized with Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs). Different MOF water harvesters were tested as sensor active coatings: MOF-801, MOF-808, UiO-66-NH2, Al-Fumarate, and CAU-23. Their water absorption capacity and overall performance, when integrated into the sensors, were evaluated. As expected, the selected MOFs showed promising water harvesting capacity, enabling a successful sensor response to humidity in a wide range of relative humidity: 3%–85%. These humidity sensors showed a great sensitivity, stability, and selectivity to water molecules. The response time of the devices was around 15 s, with stabilization and recovery times in adsorption and desorption processes of less than 1 min for certain ranges of operation. In addition to the satisfactory behavior as humidity sensors, magnetoelastic resonators have emerged as a promising tool for the characterization of the dynamic adsorption capacity of MOF materials, as they easily provide a quantitative measure of the water mass adsorbed by the material.
Core-edge modeling of gyrokinetic turbulence by coupling the delta-f and total-f models in the XGC code
Authors: Trivedi P. , Dominski J. , Chang C. S. , Ku S. , Scheinberg A.
Published: July 2024

Whole device gyrokinetic turbulence is modeled using a delta-f model in the core coupled to a total-f model in the edge. This new model is implemented in the gyrokinetic code X-Point Included Gyrokinetic Code (XGC) and works within a single simulation. It employs a canonical Maxwellian background in the core and the usual local Maxwellian in the edge. These different core and edge backgrounds are coupled over an overlap region. A thermal-bath operator is used to keep δf small in the core.
Tunable magnetic synapse for reliable neuromorphic computing
Authors: Mou Hongming , Luo Zhaochu , Zhang Xiaozhong
Published: July 2024

Artificial neural networks (ANNs), inspired by the structure and function of the human brain, have achieved remarkable success in various fields. However, ANNs implemented using conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology face significant limitations. This has prompted exploration of nonvolatile memory technologies as potential solutions to overcome these limitations by integrating storage and computation within a single device. These emerging technologies can retain resistance values without power, allowing them to serve as analog weights in ANNs, mimicking the behavior of biological synapses. While promising, these nonvolatile devices often exhibit inherent nonlinear relationships between resistance and applied voltage, complicating training processes and potentially impacting learning accuracy. This article proposes a magnetic synapse device based on the spin–orbit torque effect with geometrically controlled linear and nonlinear response characteristics. The device consists of a magnetic multilayer stack patterned into a designed shape, where the width variation along the current flow direction allows for controllable magnetic domain wall propagation. Through finite element method simulations and experimental studies, we demonstrate that by engineering the device geometry, a linear relationship between the applied current and the resulting Hall resistance can be achieved, mimicking the desired linear weight-input behavior in artificial neural networks. Additionally, this study explores the influence of current pulse width on the response curves, revealing a deviation from linearity at longer pulse durations. The geometric tunability of the magnetic synapse device offers a promising approach for realizing reliable and energy-efficient neuromorphic computing architectures.
Numerical simulation of near-surface turn maneuver of a submarine in waves
Authors: Chen Mo , Zhang Nan , Chen Jijun , Zeng Ke
Published: July 2024

Aiming toward a better understanding of the limitations of submarine maneuverability in complex marine environments, systematic investigations of near-surface maneuvers of a generic submarine in waves were conducted. By using the sliding grid for propeller rotation and the overset grid for control plane deflection, numerical simulations of the free running submarine model under different near-surface maneuver conditions were performed. The fifth-order Stokes wave was utilized to model the regular wave. Simulated results of near-surface self-propulsion and turn maneuvers with different wavelengths, wave heights, and submergence depths were analyzed. The results demonstrated that in near-surface turn maneuvers in waves, to balance the dramatic fluctuation of the submarine's attitude, a significant dynamic deflection of rudders with the maximum angle probably reaching the upper limit was observed. The resultant effectiveness of rudders varied greatly, which directly led to a significant difference in the trajectories. The research can provide more comprehensive guidance for the prediction and evaluation of submarine maneuverability and seaworthiness.
Fast predicting the trajectory of chip-like particles by integrating a discrete element method model with a computational fluid dynamics-based aerodynamic database
Authors: Li Bingchen , Lin Junjie , Wang Shuai , Luo Kun , Fan Jianren
Published: July 2024

The accumulation of ice within aircraft engines poses a significant safety concern, necessitating effective and accessible methods to predict ice particle shedding trajectories. This study develops a novel method by integrating the discrete element method with a computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based aerodynamic database, aiming to accurately predict the trajectories of chip-like ice particles under various conditions. The accuracy of the CFD-based aerodynamic database is validated through a quantitative comparison with experimental data, and the predicted trajectories align well with the experimental trajectories under varied conditions following a database-independence analysis. The results indicate that aerodynamic coefficients are independent of both the relative velocity and the scaling factor (k) for chip-like particles. Moreover, the initial angle of attack significantly influences the translational and rotational dynamics of chip-like particles. Furthermore, the chip-like ice particles released closer to the engine inlet exhibit a more uniform distribution of landing points, whereas those released at longer distances from the engine inlet tend to converge toward the central area of the engine. The methodology developed in this paper is expected to be a promising tool for fast predicting the trajectories of chip-like particles, thereby enhancing engine protection against ice impacts and improving overall operational safety.
Epitaxial growth of c-axis inclined Sr3YCo4O10.5+

δ
thin film: Insights into laser-induced voltage signals arising from magnetic anisotropy
Authors: Song Hongyuan , Kang Ye , Song Shijin , Wu Haorong , Ge Zhenhua , Dong Kun , Yu Lan
Published: July 2024

We report the laser-induced voltage (LIV) signals in cubic phase Sr3YCo4O10.5+δ (CP-SYCO) thin films with a c-axis tilted and discuss the relationship between the LIV signals and magnetic anisotropy. CP-SYCO thin films were epitaxially deposited on 0°, 5°, 10°, 15°, and 20° miscut LaAlO3 (001) substrates using pulsed laser deposition (laser energy of 200 mJ, post-annealed at 760 °C). The peak voltage of the LIV for the 15° tilted CP-SYCO film is 310 mV (under laser energy of 400 mJ/pulse), with a rising edge of 26 ns. Compared with G-type antiferromagnetic ordered tetragonal phase Sr3YCo4O10.5+δ(OT-SYCO, deposited at a laser energy of 300 mJ, post-annealed at 790 °C) film, the CP-SYCO exhibits much stronger magnetization anisotropy along in-plane and out-plane due to the possible A-type antiferromagnetic moment arrangement. CP-SYCO films also demonstrate significant thermoelectric anisotropy, supporting the transverse thermoelectric effect, which is partially attributed to the contribution of spin entropy. This study provides an understanding of the anisotropic behavior in atomic layer thermoelectric stack materials and explores magnetic anisotropic material systems.
Polarizing beam splitter for vacuum ultraviolet to x-ray radiation
Authors: Caretta A. , Brondin C. A.
Published: July 2024

We present a v-groove grating functioning as a polarizing beam splitter. The grating works in the off-plane or conical diffraction geometry. In order to guarantee polarization selectivity and efficiency, the v-groove is designed to split the incoming radiation with a single reflection at the Brewster angle of the grating coating. This geometry is conceptually the same as the one reported by Caretta et al. [Struct. Dyn. 8, 034304 (2021)], but it reduces the noise on the splitting ratio introduced by beam-shape variations or beam displacements. We calculate the groove size to simultaneously perform polarization and spectral analysis.
Efficient characterization of a double quantum dot using the Hubbard model
Authors: Wang Will , Rooney John Dean , Jiang Hongwen
Published: July 2024

Semiconductor quantum dots are favorable candidates for quantum information processing due to their long coherence time and potential scalability. However, the calibration and characterization of interconnected quantum dot arrays have proven to be challenging tasks. One method to characterize the configuration of such an array involves using the Hubbard model. In this paper, we present an efficient characterization algorithm that efficiently extracts the Hubbard model parameters, including tunnel coupling and capacitive coupling energy, from experimental stability diagrams. Leveraging the dual-annealing optimizer, we determine the set of Hubbard parameters that best characterize the experimental data. We compare our method with an alternate, well-established measure of tunnel coupling and find good agreement within the investigated regime. Our extracted tunnel couplings range from 69 to 517 μeV, and we discuss the limiting factors of our method.
Magnetohydrodynamic convection in a heat-generating ferrofluid within a corrugated cavity containing a rotating cylinder
Authors: Hasan Nahid , Saha Sumon , Umavathi J. C.
Published: July 2024

This study introduces a novel approach by combining magnetohydrodynamic flow with Joule heating effects to investigate the conjugate mixed convective flow of ferrofluid in a non-homogenously warmed wavy-walled squared-shaped chamber with a spinning cylindrical object positioned at the center of the chamber. The current study seeks to maximize heat transmission effectiveness by scrutinizing optimum system attributes and conducting entropy production analysis. Numerical solutions are achieved by employing the Galerkin finite element weighted residual approach to solve the two-dimensional Navier–Stokes and heat energy equations representing the mathematical model. The parametric alterations encompass Grashof (103 ≤ Gr ≤ 106), Reynolds (31.62 ≤ Re ≤ 1000), and Hartmann (5.623 ≤ Ha ≤ 31.623) numbers, volumetric heat generation coefficient (0 ≤ Δ ≤ 10), thermal conductivity ratio (K = 20.07, 95.14), corrugation frequency (6.5 ≤ f ≤ 8.5), dimensionless corrugation amplitude (0.02 ≤ A ≤ 0.04), and dimensionless cylinder diameter (0.3 ≤ D ≤ 0.5). The study assesses the thermal characteristics of a heat source and the entropy generated within the computational domain while considering varying corrugation frequency and amplitude, cylinder diameter, thermal conductivity, strength of magnetism, and heat generation. The findings are quantitatively showcased through the Nusselt number of the hot wall, mean fluid temperature, overall entropy production, and thermal performance criterion (TPC) across the domain. After extensive analysis, it is evident that minimum cylinder diameter (= 0.3), corrugation frequency (= 6.5), and amplitude (= 0.02) while the maximum thermal conductivity ratio (= 95.14) ensure optimal system performance. Surprisingly, incorporating interior heat production diminishes thermal performance significantly while increasing TPC. Understanding the impacts of the magnetic field, Joule heating, and interior heat production on convective flow offers key perceptions into temperature variation, heat transport, velocity profile, and irreversible energy loss in numerous engineering applications.
Effect of variable conditions on transient flow in a solid–liquid two-phase centrifugal pump
Authors: Dong W. , Li S. C. , He F. , Fan X. G. , Li P. X.
Published: July 2024

To investigate the influence of altering operational parameters on the transient flow characteristics within the flow channel of a solid–liquid two-phase centrifugal pump, this study employs a particle model based on the Euler–Euler method. Utilizing the standard k–e model, flow field simulations are conducted using the ANSYS-CFX software. Specifically, the study focuses on throttle regulation scenarios, monitoring and comparing the external and internal flow parameters of the solid–liquid two-phase pump with those of a clear water medium centrifugal pump. The results indicate notable modifications in head, efficiency, and shaft power due to the presence of solid particles in the two-phase flow. Decreasing flow rates during throttle regulation lead to fluctuations in pressure and turbulence energy distribution. Furthermore, under identical operational conditions, the variable working conditions of the solid–liquid pump result in increased flow rates of solid-phase particles near the impeller's outer edge, with particles shifting toward the middle and tail of the vane suction surface. This phenomenon exacerbates wear on the vane tail of the suction surface. Moreover, the study identifies that changing operational conditions in the solid–liquid dual-flow centrifugal pump contribute to increased axial forces, consequently leading to pump vibrations. Overall, this research elucidates the transient flow characteristics within the flow channel of solid–liquid two-phase centrifugal pumps under varied operational conditions, serving as a foundational reference for assessing the stability of such pumps.
Revisiting thermal transport in CuInTe2: Role of temperature-dependent anharmonicity and higher-order phonon–phonon interactions
Authors: Yadav Praveen , Jain Ankit
Published: July 2024

The temperature-dependent phonon thermal transport in CuInTe2 is investigated by considering lattice thermal expansion, temperature-dependent anharmonicity, higher-order phonon–phonon interactions, and phonon renormalization with input from first-principles based density functional theory calculations. Incorporating these higher-order temperature-dependent effects reveals that the thermal conductivity varies with temperature as T−1.59 consistent with experimental measurements ranging from T−1.62 to T−1.78. Using the lowest-order theory or only temperature-dependent interatomic force constants or four-phonon scattering resulted in a wrong description of thermal transport physics.
Characterization of the flow through a centrifugal pump under different inflow conditions based on OpenFOAM and sparsity-promoting dynamic mode decomposition
Authors: Li Mijian , Wang Lianzhou
Published: July 2024

This paper examines the flow characteristics within a centrifugal pump under different inflow conditions using the detached-delayed eddy simulation method. It can be observed that the pressure fluctuations on the outlet tube gradually decrease with increasing distance and tend to stabilize due to viscous dissipation of the fluid and strong nonlinearity. In contrast, the flow system exhibits greater complexity and instability when operating at low flow velocity than at high flow velocity. In order to gain further insight into the flow characteristics, the sparsity-promoting dynamic mode decomposition algorithm is employed to explore the spatiotemporal evolution and coupling relationships of the flow field within a centrifugal pump under different operating conditions. This enables the identification of the flow structures that play a decisive role in the complex turbulent fields under consideration in flow analysis and reconstruction, while maintaining a balance between data utilization and fidelity. The findings of this study are anticipated to serve as a valuable reference for the research and design of centrifugal pumps.
An efficient truncation scheme for Eulerian and total Lagrangian smoothed particle hydrodynamics methods
Authors: Wang Zhentong , Zhang Chi , Haidn Oskar J. , Hu Xiangyu
Published: July 2024

In smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method, the particle-based approximations are implemented via kernel functions, and the evaluation of performance involves two key criteria: numerical accuracy and computational efficiency. In the SPH community, the Wendland kernel reigns as the prevailing choice due to its commendable accuracy and reasonable computational efficiency. Nevertheless, there exists an urgent need to enhance computational efficiency while upholding accuracy. In this paper, we employ a truncation approach to limit the compact support of the Wendland kernel to 1.6h. This decision is based on the observation that particles within the range of 1.6h to 2h make negligible contributions to the SPH approximation. To decrease numerical errors from SPH approximation and the truncation method, we incorporate the Laguerre–Gauss kernel for particle relaxation to obtain the high-quality particle distribution with reduced residue [Wang et al., “A fourth-order kernel for improving numerical accuracy and stability in Eulerian and total Lagrangian SPH,” arXiv:2309.01581 (2023)], and the kernel gradient correction to rectify integration errors. A comprehensive set of numerical examples including fluid dynamics in Eulerian formulation and solid dynamics in total Lagrangian formulation are tested and have demonstrated that truncated and non-truncated Wendland kernels enable achieving the same level of accuracy but the former significantly increases the computational efficiency.
Microscopic mechanism of nanofluids electrospray: A molecular dynamics study
Authors: Dai Qian , Wang Zhentao , Chen Yongzhong , Li Bin , Wang Jue , Dong Qingming , Wang Junfeng
Published: July 2024

Cone-jet electrospray is widely used in various fields, such as electrospinning, nanostructured porous coating preparation, and inkjet printing, for which it can produce a large number of monodisperse and high charge-to-mass ratio droplets. A molecular dynamics method is employed to investigate the cone-jet electrospray emission behavior of nanofluids, where the microscopic mechanism of cone-jet electrospray including the formation of the cone, disintegration of the jet, stability of hydrogen bond, and interactions between molecules is revealed. In this paper, the influence of operating parameters and liquid physical properties were numerically conducted and extensively analyzed. The results show that the cone-jet electrospray only occurs in a certain range of applied voltage and flow rate, and the temperature and concentration of nanoparticles have a great effect on the jet length and the number of clusters produced by jet disintegration. When the electric field intensity increases, the length of the jet and the number of clusters increase. However, regardless of the electric field intensity, the maximum axial density is always located near the capillary outlet and the maximum radial density is located at the central axis of the capillary. As the temperature increases, the number of clusters increases significantly due to the synthetical effect of electric field-induced disintegration and evaporation, whereas the jet length is reduced. With an increase in concentration of nanoparticles at room temperature, the Taylor cone not only appears earlier but also has a larger angle. Meanwhile, the non-bonded interactions between ethanol molecules become stronger. This work provides microscopic mechanisms of nanofluids cone-jet electrospray and is potentially useful to optimize the design parameters of industrial applications.
Hybrid compressible lattice Boltzmann method for supersonic flows with strong discontinuities
Authors: Guo S. , Feng Y.
Published: July 2024

Within the framework of the hybrid recursive regularized lattice Boltzmann (HRR-LB) model, we propose a novel hybrid compressible LB method to ensure the conservation of total energy in simulating compressible flows with strong discontinuities. This method integrates a LB solver to handle the mass and momentum conservation equations via collision-streaming steps on standard lattices, while a finite volume method (FVM) is employed for the conservation of the total energy equation. The flux reconstruction in the FVM is achieved through a momentum coupled method (MCM). The interface momentum, crucial for reconstructing the convective fluxes and determining the upwind extrapolation of passive scalar quantities in MCM, is derived from the LB method. The validity and accuracy of the proposed method are evaluated through six test cases: (I) isentropic vortex convection in subsonic and supersonic regimes; (II) non-isothermal acoustic pulse; (III) one-dimensional Riemann problems; (IV) two-dimensional Riemann problem; (V) double Mach reflection of a Mach 10 shock wave; and (VI) shock–vortex interaction. Numerical results demonstrate that this method surpasses the previous HRR-LB model by Guo et al. [“Improved standard thermal lattice Boltzmann model with hybrid recursive regularization for compressible laminar and turbulent flows,” Phys. Fluids 32, 126108 (2020)] in terms of accuracy and robustness when dealing with strong shock waves.