bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hadoop superlinear scalability
Authors: Gunther Neil J. , Puglia Paul , Tomasette Kristofer
Published: March 2015

The perpetual motion of parallel performance.
The arbitrariness of reviews, and advice for school administrators
Authors: Langford John , Guzdial Mark
Published: March 2015

The
Communications
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Communications
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John Langford examines the results of the NIPS experiment, while Mark Guzdial considers the role of class size in teaching computer science.
Sketch-Thru-Plan
Authors: Cohen Philip R. , Kaiser Edward C. , Buchanan M. Cecelia , Lind Scott , Corrigan Michael J. , Wesson R. Matthews
Published: March 2015

Speaking military jargon, users can create labels and draw symbols to position objects on digitized maps.
A General SIMD-Based Approach to Accelerating Compression Algorithms
Authors: Zhao Wayne Xin , Zhang Xudong , Lemire Daniel , Shan Dongdong , Nie Jian-Yun , Yan Hongfei , Wen Ji-Rong
Published: March 2015

Compression algorithms are important for data-oriented tasks, especially in the era of “Big Data.” Modern processors equipped with powerful SIMD instruction sets provide us with an opportunity for achieving better compression performance. Previous research has shown that SIMD-based optimizations can multiply decoding speeds. Following these pioneering studies, we propose a general approach to accelerate compression algorithms. By instantiating the approach, we have developed several novel integer compression algorithms, called Group-Simple, Group-Scheme, Group-AFOR, and Group-PFD, and implemented their corresponding vectorized versions. We evaluate the proposed algorithms on two public TREC datasets, a Wikipedia dataset, and a Twitter dataset. With competitive compression ratios and encoding speeds, our SIMD-based algorithms outperform state-of-the-art nonvectorized algorithms with respect to decoding speeds.
Convolution engine
Authors: Qadeer Wajahat , Hameed Rehan , Shacham Ofer , Venkatesan Preethi , Kozyrakis Christos , Horowitz Mark
Published: March 2015

General-purpose processors, while tremendously versatile, pay a huge cost for their flexibility by wasting over 99% of the energy in programmability overheads. We observe that reducing this waste requires tuning data storage and compute structures and their connectivity to the data-flow and data-locality patterns in the algorithms. Hence, by backing off from full programmability and instead targeting key data-flow patterns used in a domain, we can create efficient engines that can be programmed and reused across a wide range of applications within that domain.

We present the Convolution Engine (CE)---a programmable processor specialized for the convolution-like data-flow prevalent in computational photography, computer vision, and video processing. The CE achieves energy efficiency by capturing data-reuse patterns, eliminating data transfer overheads, and enabling a large number of operations per memory access. We demonstrate that the CE is within a factor of 2--3× of the energy and area efficiency of custom units optimized for a single kernel. The CE improves energy and area efficiency by 8--15× over data-parallel Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) engines for most image processing applications.
Competing in emerging markets
Authors: Sako Mari
Published: March 2015

Considering the many different paths and unprecedented opportunities for companies exploring emerging markets.
Raw networking
Authors: Neville-Neil George V.
Published: March 2015

Relevance and repeatability.
Online Group-Buying
Authors: Liu Yi , Sutanto Juliana
Published: March 2015

Online group-buying business has existed in American and European online marketplaces since the late 1990s. Consumers with similar purchase interests are congregated on group-buying websites to obtain group discounts. In the last decade, group-buying business models have evolved to adapt to consumer needs, and a number of studies have offered several insights into how to improve online group-buying. This paper begins with a description of the global development of group-buying websites and an overview of the group-buying business models. Next, it provides a comprehensive overview of the existing literature in the online group-buying research field. Building on this review, the paper presents a meta-theoretical framework toward the sustainability of group-buying and provides research directions to guide future studies on online group-buying.
Ada Implementation of Transaction Level Modeling Transport Channel
Authors: Mahani Negin
Published: March 2015

Transaction level modeling1 as a new step toward system level modeling is the desired level for hardware descriptors now a days. In the previous researches we have developed TLM-FIFO and TLM-Request-Response channels -two basic cannels of TLM- and some primary master-slave architectures using those implemented channels in Ada programming language for getting some simulation time results.

In this research we have developed TLM-Transport channel specification and body in Ada programming language. As before we have done some simulation tests in Gnat compiler and made some comparisons to its equivalent SystemC TLM model. Several experiments have been conducted to compare the efficiency of SystemAda versus SystemC TLM in two different platforms. Experimental results show that there is no and in the worst case not much simulation time overhead when using SystemAda as compared to SystemC TLM.
Modeling of Acceleration Influence on Hemispherical Resonator Gyro Forcing System
Authors: Yi Guoxing , Xie Yangguang , Qi Ziyang , Xi Boqi
Published: March 2015

Acceleration adds negative effect to Hemispherical Resonator Gyro (HRG) output; therefore, it is important to model the influence and then make necessary compensations, accordingly. Based on the elastic thin-shell theory under the Kirchhoff-Love assumption, the acceleration influence on HRG forcing system is modeled and then schemes for incentive are suggested. Firstly, the dynamic model of resonator is introduced. Then, inertial load and electrostatic force are calculated to obtain the deformation of resonator. At last, schemes for pickoff incentive are proposed to weaken the effect of acceleration on HRG forcer. The simulation results illustrate that acceleration has negative effects on the exciting confidents of forcers and the proposed scheme can eliminate the acceleration influence on forcing system.
Growth of Accreting Supermassive Black Hole Seeds and Neutrino Radiation
Authors: Ter-Kazarian Gagik
Published: March 2015

In the framework of microscopic theory of black hole (MTBH), which explores the most important processes of rearrangement of vacuum state and spontaneous breaking of gravitation gauge symmetry at huge energies, we have undertaken a large series of numerical simulations with the goal to trace an evolution of the mass assembly history of 377 plausible accreting supermassive black hole seeds in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) to the present time and examine the observable signatures today. Given the redshifts, masses, and luminosities of these black holes at present time collected from the literature, we compute the initial redshifts and masses of the corresponding seed black holes. For the present masses MBH/M⊙≃1.1×106 to 1.3×1010 of 377 black holes, the computed intermediate seed masses are ranging from MBHSeed/M⊙≃26.4 to 2.9×105. We also compute the fluxes of ultrahigh energy (UHE) neutrinos produced via simple or modified URCA processes in superdense protomatter nuclei. The AGNs are favored as promising pure UHE neutrino sources, because the computed neutrino fluxes are highly beamed along the plane of accretion disk, peaked at high energies, and collimated in smaller opening angle (θ≪1).
Iron-Induced Damage in Cardiomyopathy: Oxidative-Dependent and Independent Mechanisms
Authors: Gammella Elena , Recalcati Stefania , Rybinska Ilona , Buratti Paolo , Cairo Gaetano
Published: March 2015

The high incidence of cardiomyopathy in patients with hemosiderosis, particularly in transfusional iron overload, strongly indicates that iron accumulation in the heart plays a major role in the process leading to heart failure. In this context, iron-mediated generation of noxious reactive oxygen species is believed to be the most important pathogenetic mechanism determining cardiomyocyte damage, the initiating event of a pathologic progression involving apoptosis, fibrosis, and ultimately cardiac dysfunction. However, recent findings suggest that additional mechanisms involving subcellular organelles and inflammatory mediators are important factors in the development of this disease. Moreover, excess iron can amplify the cardiotoxic effect of other agents or events. Finally, subcellular misdistribution of iron within cardiomyocytes may represent an additional pathway leading to cardiac injury. Recent advances in imaging techniques and chelators development remarkably improved cardiac iron overload detection and treatment, respectively. However, increased understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of iron overload cardiomyopathy is needed to pave the way for the development of improved therapeutic strategies.
Amelioration of Auditory Response by DA9801 in Diabetic Mouse
Authors: Lee Yeong Ro , Hong Bin Na , Her You Ri , Castañeda Rodrigo , Moon Hyo Won , Kang Tong Ho
Published: March 2015

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease that involves disorders such as diabetic retinopathy, diabetic neuropathy, and diabetic hearing loss. Recently, neurotrophin has become a treatment target that has shown to be an attractive alternative in recovering auditory function altered by DM. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of DA9801, a mixture ofDioscorea nipponicaandDioscorea japonicaextracts, in the auditory function damage produced in a STZ-induced diabetic model and to provide evidence of the mechanisms involved in enhancing these protective effects. We found a potential application of DA9801 on hearing impairment in the STZ-induced diabetic model, demonstrated by reducing the deterioration produced by DM in ABR threshold in response to clicks and normalizing wave I–IV latencies and Pa latencies in AMLR. We also show evidence that these effects might be elicited by inducing NGF related through Nr3c1 and Akt. Therefore, this result suggests that the neuroprotective effects of DA9801 on the auditory damage produced by DM may be affected by NGF increase resulting from Nr3c1 via Akt transformation.
Adenocarcinoma with BAC Features Presented as the Nonsolid Nodule Is Prone to Be False-Negative on18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Wu Hu-bing , Wang Lijuan , Wang Quan-shi , Han Yan-jian , Li Hong-sheng , Zhou Wen-lan , Tian Ying
Published: March 2015

Purpose. The present study investigated which type of adenocarcinoma with BAC features was prone to be false-negative on 18F-FDG PET/CT.Materials and Methods. A retrospective study was performed on 51 consecutive patients with localized adenocarcinoma with BAC features. CT and PET were assessed for lesion size, GGO percentage, and SUVmax. Lesions with FDG uptake the same as or more than mediastinal blood-pool activity were considered as PET-positive.Results. Of the 51 cases, 19.6% presented as pure GGO nodules, 31.4% as mixed nodules, and 49.0% as solid nodules. None of the pure GGO nodules was 18F-FDG avid, compared with 37.5% of mixed nodules and 96.0% of solid nodules (χ2=31.55,P=0.000). In the mixed nodule group, SUVmax was negatively correlated with GGO percentage (r=-0.588;P=0.021). The positive detection rate of 18F-FDG PET/CT was 50.0%, 55.6%, and 100% in tumors 1.1–2.0 cm, 2.1–3.0 cm, and >3.0 cm in diameter, respectively (χ2=5.815,P=0.055). General linear model factor analysis showed that the GGO was an important factor contributing to false-negative PET/CT results (F=23.992,P=0.000), but lesion size was not (F=0.602,P=0.866).Conclusions. The present study indicated that the adenocarcinoma with BAC features presented as nonsolid nodule is prone to be false negative on 18F-FDG PET/CT.
The Role of the Location of Personal Exposimeters on the Human Body in Their Use for Assessing Exposure to the Electromagnetic Field in the Radiofrequency Range 98–2450 MHz and Compliance Analysis: Evaluation by Virtual Measurements
Authors: Gryz Krzysztof , Zradziński Patryk , Karpowicz Jolanta
Published: March 2015

The use of radiofrequency (98–2450 MHz range) personal exposimeters to measure the electric field (E-field) in far-field exposure conditions was modelled numerically using human body model Gustav and finite integration technique software. Calculations with 256 models of exposure scenarios show that the human body has a significant influence on the results of measurements using a single body-worn exposimeter in various locations near the body ((from −96 to +133)%, measurement errors with respect to the unperturbedE-field value). When an exposure assessment involves the exposure limitations provided for the strength of an unperturbedE-field. To improve the application of exposimeters in compliance tests, such discrepancies in the results of measurements by a body-worn exposimeter may be compensated by using of a correction factor applied to the measurement results or alternatively to the exposure limit values. The location of a single exposimeter on the waist to the back side of the human body or on the front of the chest reduces the range of exposure assessments uncertainty (covering various exposure conditions). However, still the uncertainty of exposure assessments using a single exposimeter remains significantly higher than the assessment of the unperturbedE-field using spot measurements.
Static and Dynamic Experiment Evaluations of a Displacement Differential Self-Induced Magnetorheological Damper
Authors: Hu Guoliang , Zhou Wei , Liao Mingke , Li Weihua
Published: March 2015

This paper presents the development of a novel magnetorheological damper (MRD) which has a self-induced ability. In this study, a linear variable differential sensor (LVDS) based on the electromagnetic induction mechanism was integrated with a conventional MRD. The structure of the displacement differential self-induced magnetorheological damper (DDSMRD) was developed, and the theory of displacement differential self-induced performance was deduced. The static experiments of the DDSMRD under different displacement positions were carried out by applying sine excitation signals to the excitation coils, and the experimental results show that the self-induced voltage is proportional to the damper piston displacement. Meanwhile, the dynamic experiments were also carried out using the fatigue test machine to investigate the change of the self-induced voltage under the typical direct current inputs and the different piston rod displacements; the experimental results also show that the self-induced voltage is proportional to the damper piston displacements. Additionally, the dynamic mechanical performance of the DDSMRD was evaluated. The theory deduction and the experimental results indicate that the proposed DDSMRD has the ability of the integrated displacement sensor in addition to the output controllable damping force.
Impacts of Pedestrians on Capacity and Delay of Major Street Through Traffic at Two-Way Stop-Controlled Intersections
Authors: Yang Zhao , Zhang Yuanyuan , Zhu Renwei , Ye Xiaofei , Jiang Xiaohong
Published: March 2015

This paper aims to estimate the impacts of pedestrians on capacity and average control delay for the major street through traffic at two-way stop-controlled (TWSC) intersections. A procedure was proposed to estimate the expected delay for major street through vehicles based on the pedestrian arrival time and motorist yielding behavior. Field data were collected to calibrate the crucial parameters in the established models. The proposed models were then validated against field measured data. It was found that the calibrated models provided reasonable delay estimates. Based on the established models, sensitivity analyses were conducted to identify the effects of pedestrian arrival rate and motorist yield rate on the capacity of the major street through lanes at TWSC intersections. The results suggested that the capacity of the through movement would decrease with an increase in the pedestrian arrival rate. It was also found that, with the same pedestrian arrival rate, the capacity would decrease as the motorist yield rate became higher, and the magnitude of the capacity reduction would increase with an increase in the pedestrian arrival rate.
Insight into the Interaction between the HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitor Elvitegravir and Bovine Serum Albumin: A Spectroscopic Study
Authors: Abdelhameed Ali Saber
Published: March 2015

The interaction between the anti-HIV drug Elvitegravir (EVG) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy and UV-visible absorption spectra. The mechanism for quenching the fluorescence of BSA by EVG is discussed. It was found that EVG can quench the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA through a static quenching procedure. The quenching type, association constant, and number of binding sites were investigated. The binding constant of EVG with BSA was calculated at different temperatures based on fluorescence quenching results. The thermodynamic parametersΔHθ,ΔGθ, andΔSθwere determined. The positiveΔSθand negativeΔHθandΔGθvalues showed that a spontaneous interaction may involve both roles of hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonding. The interaction of BSA with EVG was also confirmed by UV absorption spectra. The average distance,r, between donor (BSA) and acceptor (EVG) was obtained according to Förster’s theory of nonradiation energy transfer. Synchronous fluorescence and three-dimensional fluorescence spectra were used to investigate the conformational change of BSA molecules that occur upon addition of EVG and showed, upon binding, a possibility of increasing hydrophobicity around tryptophan residues of BSA.
Comparative Study of Radiative Effects on Double Diffusive Convection in Nongray Air-CO2Mixtures in Cooperating and Opposing Flow
Authors: Laouar-Meftah Siham , Lemonnier Denis , Saury Didier , Benbrik Abderrahmane , Cherifi Mohamed
Published: March 2015

This study analyses the effects of nongray gas radiation on double diffusive convection, in a square differentially heated cavity filled with air-CO2mixtures, when the buoyancy forces (thermal and mass) are cooperating or opposing. The radiative source term in the energy equation is evaluated by the discrete ordinate method (solving the radiative transfer equation) and the SLW spectral model (accounting for real radiative properties of absorbing species). Here, gas absorption varies with the local temperature and concentration of pollutant, which induces a strong direct coupling between the concentration and thermal fields that would not exist with gray gas. Simulations are performed at different concentrations of CO2corresponding to different flow regimes (thermal, transitional, and mass). Results show the following: (i) in cooperating flow, radiation modifies essentially the heat transfer and the characteristics of temperature and concentration fields; (ii) in opposing flow, radiation effects are more important and depend on the nature of the flow regime.
Histopathological, Ultrastructural, and Immunohistochemical Assessment of Hippocampus Structures of Rats Exposed to TCDD and High Doses of Tocopherol and Acetylsalicylic Acid
Authors: Rosińczuk Joanna , Dymarek Robert , Całkosiński Ireneusz
Published: March 2015

The effect of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on central nervous system consists of changing expression of estrogen receptors, whereas the result of chronic inflammatory reaction caused by dioxin is occurrence of destructive changes in various organs connected with disturbed metabolism of connective tissue and damage of cells. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of dioxins on function, ultrastructure, and cytological and histological structure of hippocampus, particularly on expression of estrogen receptors in central nervous system as well as to define protective influence of tocopherol (TCP) and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on the decrease in activity of proinflammatory effects in central nervous system. It was shown that TCDD contributes to destructive and inflammatory changes along with demyelization of myelin sheaths and atrophy of estrogen receptors in hippocampus. Dioxin contributes to atrophy of estrogen receptors in hippocampus, in which also destructive and inflammatory changes were found along with demyelination of myelin sheaths. Histopathological and ultrastructural image of hippocampus areas in rats, in which both TCP and ASA were used, is characterized by poorly expressed degenerative changes and smaller inflammatory reactivity. Using both TCP and ASA has a protective effect on functions of central nervous system.
Life-Threatening Hypercalcemia due to Graves’ Disease and Concomitant Adrenal Failure: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Ozkaya Hande Mefkure , Keskin Fatma Ela , Haliloglu Ozlem Asmaz , Senel Tugba Elif , Kadioglu Pinar
Published: March 2015

A 47-year-old woman presented with the complaints of nausea, vomiting, and weight loss. She had a history of bilateral surrenalectomy due to Cushing’s syndrome. On examination she had tachycardia and orthostatic hypotension. Laboratory examinations revealed hypercalcemia and suppressed parathyroid hormone levels. She also had thyrotoxicosis due to Graves’ disease. The investigations to rule out a malignancy were negative. With steroid, zoledronic acid, and antithyroid drug treatment her symptoms were resolved and calcium level was normalized. This case highlights the importance of recognizing thyrotoxicosis and concomitant adrenal failure as a possible cause of severe hypercalcemia.
Extension of the Reduced Integration Scheme to Calculate the Direct Exchange Areas in 3D Rectangular Enclosures with Nonscattering Media
Authors: Li Guo-Jun , Li Ben-Wen , Sun Ya-Song
Published: March 2015

The evaluation of direct exchange areas (DEA) in zonal method is the most important task due to the heavy computer cost of multi-integrals together with the existing of singularities. A technique of variable transformation to reduce the fold of integrals, which was developed originally by Erkku (1959) to calculate the DEAs of uniformly zonal dividing cylindrical system, was extended by Tian and Chiu (2003) for nonuniformly zonal dividing cylindrical system with large thermal gradients. In this paper, we further extend the reduced integration scheme (RIS) to calculate the DEAs in three-dimensional rectangular system. The detail deductions of six-, five-, and fourfold integrals to threefold ones are presented; the DEAs in a rectangular system with assumption of gray medium are computed by the Gaussian quadrature integration (GQI) and the RIS comparatively. The comparisons reveal that the RIS can provide remarkable higher accuracy and efficiency than GQI. More interestingly and practicably, the singularities of DEAs can be decomposed and weakened obviously by RIS.
WRKY Proteins: Signaling and Regulation of Expression during Abiotic Stress Responses
Authors: Banerjee Aditya , Roychoudhury Aryadeep
Published: March 2015

WRKY proteins are emerging players in plant signaling and have been thoroughly reported to play important roles in plants under biotic stress like pathogen attack. However, recent advances in this field do reveal the enormous significance of these proteins in eliciting responses induced by abiotic stresses. WRKY proteins act as major transcription factors, either as positive or negative regulators. Specific WRKY factors which help in the expression of a cluster of stress‐responsive genes are being targeted and genetically modified to induce improved abiotic stress tolerance in plants. The knowledge regarding the signaling cascade leading to the activation of the WRKY proteins, their interaction with other proteins of the signaling pathway, and the downstream genes activated by them are altogether vital for justified targeting of the WRKY genes. WRKY proteins have also been considered to generate tolerance against multiple abiotic stresses with possible roles in mediating a cross talk between abiotic and biotic stress responses. In this review, we have reckoned the diverse signaling pattern and biological functions of WRKY proteins throughout the plant kingdom along with the growing prospects in this field of research.
Reverse Engineering of Free‐Form Surface Based on the Closed‐Loop Theory
Authors: He Xue Ming , He Jun Fei , Wu Mei Ping , Zhang Rong , Ji Xiao Gang
Published: March 2015

To seek better methods of measurement and more accurate model of reconstruction in the field of reverse engineering has been the focus of researchers. Based on this, a new method of adaptive measurement, real‐time reconstruction, and online evaluation of free‐form surface was presented in this paper. The coordinates and vectors of the prediction points are calculated according to a Bézier curve which is fitted by measured points. Final measured point cloud distribution is in agreement with the geometric characteristics of the free‐form surfaces. Fitting the point cloud to a surface model by the nonuniform B‐spline method, extracting some check points from the surface models based on grids and a feature on the surface, review the location of these check points on the surface with CMM and evaluate the model, and then update the surface model to meet the accuracy. Integrated measurement, reconstruction, and evaluation, with the closed‐loop reverse process, established an accurate model. The results of example show that the measuring points are distributed over the surface according to curvature, and the reconstruction model can be completely expressed with micron level. Meanwhile, measurement, reconstruction and evaluation are integrated in forms of closed‐loop reverse system.
EPR Spectroscopy Investigation of Cu2+Ions Adsorbed in Tannin-Formaldehyde Resins of Mimosa (Acacia mearnsii) Bark Extracts
Authors: Herbst Marcelo H. , Vugman Ney V.
Published: March 2015

The chemical environment of Cu2+ions adsorbed in tannin-formaldehyde resins ofAcacia mearnsiibark extracts, prepared from polybutene, is investigated by EPR spectroscopy at 300 K. The spectrum is simulated considering two isolated axial Cu(II) species (Species 1:A∥=16.50(5) mT,A⊥=1.20(10) mT,g∥=2.28(1), andg⊥=2.08(1); Species 2:A∥=15.00(5) mT,A⊥=1.50(10) mT,g∥=2.32(1), andg⊥=2.05(2)), superposed to a broad line (giso=2.14(1); linewidth = 30.0(5) mT) assigned to Cu(II) aggregates. Measurements at 77 K did not improve spectral resolution. Heating at 413 K changes the hyperfine parameters of Species 2 (A∥=14.20(5) mT,A⊥=1.20(10) mT,g∥=2.33(1), andg⊥=2.07(2)) and slightly modifies the parameters of the broad line (giso=2.11(2); linewidth = 40.00(50) mT) but does not change Species 1, assigned to Cu(II) species immobilized into resin pores in cathecolate-type coordination sites. Species 2 is assigned to Cu(II) species immobilized at the outer resin surface. Upon extended heating, a reversible formation of semiquinone-type paramagnetic radicals (giso=2.0037(1)) is observed, assigned to the partial collapse of the resin polymeric network.
FDA Approval: Belinostat for the Treatment of Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Peripheral T-cell Lymphoma
Authors: Lee Hyon-Zu , Kwitkowski Virginia E. , Del Valle Pedro L. , Ricci M. Stacey , Saber Haleh , Habtemariam Bahru A. , Bullock Julie , Bloomquist Erik , Li Shen Yuan , Chen Xiao-Hong , Brown Janice , Mehrotra Nitin , Dorff Sarah , Charlab Rosane , Kane Robert C. , Kaminskas Edvardas , Justice Robert , Farrell Ann T. , Pazdur Richard
Published: March 2015

On July 3, 2014, the FDA granted accelerated approval for belinostat (Beleodaq; Spectrum Pharmaceuticals, Inc.), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, for the treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL). A single-arm, open-label, multicenter, international trial in the indicated patient population was submitted in support of the application. Belinostat was administered intravenously at a dose of 1000 mg/m2 over 30 minutes once daily on days 1 to 5 of a 21-day cycle. The primary efficacy endpoint was overall response rate (ORR) based on central radiology readings by an independent review committee. The ORR was 25.8% [95% confidence interval (CI), 18.3–34.6] in 120 patients that had confirmed diagnoses of PTCL by the Central Pathology Review Group. The complete and partial response rates were 10.8% (95% CI, 5.9–17.8) and 15.0% (95% CI, 9.1–22.7), respectively. The median duration of response, the key secondary efficacy endpoint, was 8.4 months (95% CI, 4.5–29.4). The most common adverse reactions (>25%) were nausea, fatigue, pyrexia, anemia, and vomiting. Grade 3/4 toxicities (≥5.0%) included anemia, thrombocytopenia, dyspnea, neutropenia, fatigue, and pneumonia. Belinostat is the third drug to receive accelerated approval for the treatment of relapsed or refractory PTCL. Clin Cancer Res; 21(12); 2666–70. ©2015 AACR.
Safety and Systemic Consequences of Pleurodesis with Three Different Doses of Silver Nitrate in Patients with Malignant Pleural Effusion
Authors: Terra Ricardo Mingarini , Bellato Renato Tavares , Teixeira Lisete Ribeiro , Chate Rodrigo Caruso , Pego-Fernandes Paulo Manuel
Published: March 2015

Background: Silver nitrate (SN) is an alternative to talc pleurodesis in patients with malignant pleural effusion (MPE). Nevertheless, SN complications have not been thoroughly investigated so far. Objective: To evaluate frequent adverse events (AE) of SN treatment at three different doses for pleurodesis in patients with MPE. The secondary objective was to evaluate systemic inflammation, efficacy and quality of life in these patients. Methods: A double-blind, randomized, clinical trial was conducted in patients with recurrent MPE at a tertiary university hospital. The study patients underwent pleural catheter insertion and were randomly assigned to one of the three pleurodesis groups treated with 30 ml 0.3%, 30 ml 0.5% or 60 ml 0.3% SN. Patients were discharged 3 days after the procedure, and returned to follow-up visits on days 10 and 30. During follow-up, AE, inflammatory markers, quality of life and CT scans were systematically assessed and documented. Results: Sixty patients (11 males and 49 females, median age 62.13 years) were included. Overall, 199 AE were observed, including 23 serious AE. Grade 1/2 metabolic AE, such as increases in creatinine and liver enzymes, were the most frequent. Grade 3/4 hypoxia was observed in 13 patients. Four patients died, 3 due to disease progression and in 1 patient death was possibly related to pleurodesis. C-reactive protein levels increased in a dose-dependent manner and peaked 48 h after pleurodesis. No significant difference was observed among groups regarding quality of life or clinical/radiological recurrence. Conclusion: Hypoxia was the most significant AE following SN pleurodesis; mild metabolic events were very common. SN instillation causes substantial dose-dependent systemic inflammatory responses.
The Impact of a Ten-Week Physical Exercise Program on Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Klare Peter , Nigg Johanna , Nold Johannes , Haller Bernhard , Krug Anne B. , Mair Sebastian , Thoeringer Christoph K. , Christle Jeffrey W. , Schmid Roland M. , Halle Martin , Huber Wolfgang
Published: March 2015

Background: Improving health-related quality of life is a primary target of therapy for patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Physical activity has been demonstrated to improve health-related quality of life in several patient populations with chronic disease. There are very few studies investigating the effects of physical activity on health-related quality of life in inflammatory bowel disease. The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of 10 weeks of moderate physical activity on health-related quality of life in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Methods: Thirty patients with mild to moderate IBD (Crohn‘s Disease Activity Index (CDAI) <220 or Rachmilewitz Index (RI) <11) were randomized 1:1 to either supervised moderate-intensity running thrice a week for 10 weeks or a control group who were not prescribed any exercise. Health-related quality of life, symptoms, and inflammation were assessed at baseline and after 10 weeks. Results: Participants were 41 ± 14 years (73% female), had a body mass index of 22.8 ± 4.1 kg/m2, and an average CDAI or RI of 66.8 ± 42.4 and 3.6 ± 3.1. No adverse events occurred during the 10-week training period. Health-related quality of life, reported as IBDQ total score, improved 19% in the intervention group and 8% in the control group. Scores for the IBDQ social sub-scale were significantly improved in the intervention group compared with controls (ΔIBDQsocial = 6.27 ± 5.46 vs. 1.87 ± 4.76, p = 0.023). Conclusion: Patients suffering from moderately active IBD are capable of performing symptom-free regular endurance exercise. Our data support the assumption that PA is feasible in IBD patients. PA may furthermore improve quality of life through improvements in social well-being, and may, therefore, be a useful adjunct to IBD therapy.
Histological Bulbar Manifestations in the ALS Rat
Authors: Kashlan Osama N. , Kashlan Bader N. , Oh Sang Su , McGinley Lisa M. , Chen Kevin S. , Kupfer Robbi , Erman Audrey , Sakowski Stacey A. , Feldman Eva L.
Published: March 2015

Background: Almost all patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) develop bulbar symptoms; therefore, it is important to have valid animal models that accurately reflect these features. While the SOD1-G93A rat is extensively used as an ALS model, bulbar symptoms in this model are not well characterized. Objective: In the present study, we aimed to better characterize bulbar dysfunction in terms of histology to determine whether the SOD1-G93A rat is a useful model for bulbar-onset ALS. Methods: Sixty-day-old SOD1-G93A rats on a Sprague-Dawley background and age-matched wild-type controls were assessed weekly for global motor function, facial nerve function, and vagal nerve function. The study endpoint was determined when an SOD1-G93A rat could not right itself within 30 s of being placed on its side. At that point, neuronal counts were assessed in different brainstem cranial nerve nuclei. In addition, the masseter muscle, posterior belly of the digastric muscle, and tongue muscle were evaluated for intact neuromuscular junctions. Results: Our data demonstrate decreases in the number of motor neurons in the trigeminal, facial, and hypoglossal nuclei, as well as compromised neuromuscular junction integrity in the muscles they innervate. Conclusion: These findings suggest that, from a histological standpoint, the SOD1-G93A rat is a valid model of ALS bulbar symptoms.
Effects of Vitamin D on Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Authors: Pilz Stefan , Gaksch Martin , Kienreich Katharina , Grübler Martin , Verheyen Nicolas , Fahrleitner-Pammer Astrid , Treiber Gerlies , Drechsler Christiane , ó Hartaigh Bríain , Obermayer-Pietsch Barbara , Schwetz Verena , Aberer Felix , Mader Julia , Scharnagl Hubert , Meinitzer Andreas , Lerchbaum Elisabeth , Dekker Jacqueline M. , Zittermann Armin , März Winfried , Tomaschitz Andreas
Published: March 2015

Vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for arterial hypertension, but randomized controlled trials showed mixed effects of vitamin D supplementation on blood pressure (BP). We aimed to evaluate whether vitamin D supplementation affects 24-hour systolic ambulatory BP monitoring values and cardiovascular risk factors. The Styrian Vitamin D Hypertension Trial is a single-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled study conducted from June 2011 to August 2014 at the endocrine outpatient clinic of the Medical University of Graz, Austria. We enrolled 200 study participants with arterial hypertension and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels below 30 ng/mL. Study participants were randomized to receive either 2800 IU of vitamin D3 per day as oily drops (n=100) or placebo (n=100) for 8 weeks. Primary outcome measure was 24-hour systolic BP. Secondary outcome measures were 24-hour diastolic BP, N-terminal-pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, QTc interval, renin, aldosterone, 24-hour urinary albumin excretion, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and pulse wave velocity. A total of 188 participants (mean [SD] age, 60.1 [11.3] years; 47% women; 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 21.2 [5.6] ng/mL) completed the trial. The mean treatment effect (95% confidence interval) for 24-hour systolic BP was −0.4 (−2.8 to 1.9) mm Hg (
P
=0.712). Triglycerides increased significantly (mean change [95% confidence interval], 17 [1–33] mg/dL;
P
=0.013), but no further significant effects were observed for secondary outcomes. Vitamin D supplementation in hypertensive patients with low 25-hydroxyvitamin D has no significant effect on BP and several cardiovascular risk factors, but it was associated with a significant increase in triglycerides.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02136771.
Designing Musical Instruments for the Browser
Authors: Roberts Charles , Wakefield Graham , Wright Matthew , Kuchera-Morin JoAnn
Published: March 2015

Native Web technologies provide great potential for musical expression. We introduce two JavaScript libraries towards this end: Gibberish.js, providing heavily optimized audio DSP, and Interface.js, a GUI toolkit that works with mouse, touch, and motion events. Together they provide a complete system for defining musical instruments that can be used in both desktop and mobile Web browsers. Interface.js also enables control of remote synthesis applications via a server application that translates the socket protocol used by Web interfaces into both MIDI and OSC messages.

We have incorporated these libraries into the creative coding environment Gibber, where we provide mapping abstractions that enable users to create digital musical instruments in as little as a single line of code. They can then be published to a central database, enabling new instruments to be created, distributed, and run entirely in the browser.
Expressive Robotic Guitars: Developments in Musical Robotics for Chordophones
Authors: Murphy Jim , McVay James , Mathews Paul , Carnegie Dale A. , Kapur Ajay
Published: March 2015

This article provides a history of robotic guitars and bass guitars as well as a discussion of the design, construction, and evaluation of two new robotic chordophones, with a focus on different techniques to extend the expressivity of robotic guitars. Swivel and MechBass, two new robots we built, are discussed. Construction techniques likely to interest other musical roboticists are included. These robots use a variety of techniques, both new and inspired by prior work, to afford composers and performers the ability to precisely control pitch and string-picking parameters. Both new robots are evaluated to test their precision, repeatability, and speed. The article closes with a discussion of the compositional and performative implications of such levels of control, and how it might affect humans who wish to interface with the systems.
Bayesian Audio-to-Score Alignment Based on Joint Inference of Timbre, Volume, Tempo, and Note Onset Timings
Authors: Maezawa Akira , Okuno Hiroshi G.
Published: March 2015

This article presents an offline method for aligning an audio signal to individual instrumental parts constituting a musical score. The proposed method is based on fitting multiple hidden semi-Markov models (HSMMs) to the observed audio signal. The emission probability of each state of the HSMM is described using latent harmonic allocation (LHA), a Bayesian model of a harmonic sound mixture. Each HSMM corresponds to one musical instrument’s part, and the state duration probability is conditioned on a linear dynamics system (LDS) tempo model. Variational Bayesian inference is used to jointly infer LHA, HSMM, and the LDS. We evaluate the capability of the method to align musical audio to its score, under reverberation, structural variations, and fluctuations in onset timing among different parts.
TYPE+CODE II: A Code-Driven Typography
Authors: Ahn Yeohyun , Jin Ge
Published: March 2015

TYPE+CODE II explores the aesthetic of an experimental code-driven typography created with the Processing programming language. It crosses boundaries between calligraphy, graphic art, typography and computer art. TYPE+CODE II reinterprets typography by combining aspects of traditional hand-drawn calligraphy with contemporary elements based on mathematical expressions and algorithms.
Representing Abstraction: Information Visualization in the Middle Ages
Authors: Marchese Francis T.
Published: March 2015

This paper reviews some of the visualizations employed to represent information during the Middle Ages. It discusses three kinds of visualizations: rotae, tables and trees, and considers their context and use.
Some new and known species of Hatschekiidae (Copepoda, Siphonostomatoida) parasitic on Japanese actinopterygian fishes belonging to Ophidiiformes, Beryciformes and Scorpaeniformes, with discussion on the female genital system and the insemination mode in Siphonostomatoida
Authors: Izawa Kunihiko
Published: March 2015

Nine species of Hatschekiidae are (re-)described from Japanese actinopterygian fishes belonging to Ophidiiformes, Beryciformes and Scorpaeniformes. They are Hatschekia anomalis sp. nov., Hatschekia bifurcata Yamaguti & Yamasu, 1959, H. couardi Nunes-Ruivo, 1954, H. fusiformis Shiino, 1957, H. hoplobrotulae sp. nov., H. multibarbatae sp. nov., H. tenuis (Heller, 1865), Prohatschekia awatati (Yamaguti, 1939), and P. neobythitesi sp. nov. The first species is recovered from an unusual site of the host. In H. couardi and P. awatati the males are described for the first time and the possession of the naked first antennular segment is confirmed in both sexes of these species. The Hatschekiidae have paired seminal receptacles in the female and adopt the eudactylinid type of insemination mode, though exhibiting variation of the insemination procedure. It can be concluded that the insemination modes link up with the female genital system in the Siphonostomatoida.
Large-scale oceanic circulation and larval recruitment of the spiny lobster Panulirus argus (Latreille, 1804)
Authors: Cruz Raúl , Teixeira Carlos E. P. , Menezes María O. B. , Santana João V. M. , Neto Toivi M. , Gaeta Juliana C. , De Freitas Pedro P. , Silva Katia C. A. , Cintra Israel H. A.
Published: March 2015

The most important populations of the spiny lobster (Panulirus argus(Latreille, 1804)) in the Atlantic are found in the Caribbean and along the Brazilian coast. Field studies covering the waters off the Cuban archipelago and Brazil have improved our understanding of the importance of oceanic circulation to larval recruitment. South of Cuba, puerulus settlement is intensive in October and November when the coastal reefs (83°W) are impacted by a cyclone-anticyclone pair, suggesting this area is the main source of retention and supply of surviving larvae, thus of self-recruitment. On the continental shelf of Brazil, puerulus settlement takes place throughout the year, but two annual peaks have been identified: one in March-April and one in July-September, when retroflection eddies of the North Brazil Current are more intense and feed into the eastward-flowing North Equatorial Countercurrent. Conceivably, Brazilian spiny lobster larvae are trapped in this oceanic system, leading to self-recruitment. On the continental shelf of Brazil the larval period lasts 6-7 months, depending on the season and spawning date. In the Caribbean the period is reported to be 6-8 months. Information on the relative abundance of early-stage spiny lobster larvae makes it possible to predict patterns of recruitment of pueruli and juveniles and the timing of their life cycle. However, further research on seasonal variations in local currents, current retroflection and ring formation is needed to clarify important aspects of larval transport, puerulus settlement and recruitment.
A new species of Emerita (Decapoda, Anomura, Hippidae) from Taiwan, with a key to species of the genus
Authors: Hsueh Pan-Wen
Published: March 2015

A new species,Emeritataiwanensissp. nov., is described from Taiwan and represents the first record of the genus from East Asia. The species differs from its congeners by having (1) a long and sharply triangular median frontal lobe, which is approximately equal in length to the lateral lobes, (2) the highest ratio of the maximum length of the merus of the 3rdmaxilliped to that same segment’s maximum width, (3) a narrow and elongate P1 dactylus, combined with a ratio of the P1 dactylus length to its maximum width of approx. 2.78, (4) 1-3 spines present on the inner margin of the P1 dactylus, and (5) a peculiar colour pattern on the dorsum of the carapace. A comparison of the morphological characters of the present species with those of its congeners with a similar, elongate P1 dactylus is presented in the form of a table.
The Global Poor as Agents of Justice
Authors: Deveaux Monique
Published: March 2015

“Agent-centered” approaches to global poverty insist that effective arguments for poverty reduction must specify the concrete duties of particular duty-bearers. This article takes up a recent, influential, version of this view, Thomas Pogge’s human rights-based argument for global economic reforms to reduce chronic deprivation. While signaling a welcome shift from the diffuse allocation of responsibilities common to much philosophical writing on poverty, I argue that Pogge’s approach too readily assigns to powerful institutions in the global North the role of devising and directing anti-poverty initiatives. In so doing, he overlooks the agency—actual and potential—of the poor themselves, as evidenced by poor-led political movements and poor-centered, participatory models of poverty reduction in development theory and practice. While agent-oriented approaches are right to focus our attention on structures that cause poverty, they ought not to assume that the powerful agents responsible for these are the only—or most appropriate—agents to lead the way to poverty reduction. Just as development organizations working in the global South have come to recognize that the participation of poor communities is critical to the success of development strategies, so should normative theorists writing about global injustice acknowledge the importance of the poor as active agents in poverty reduction efforts.
Capabilities versus Resources
Authors: Paul Kelleher J.
Published: March 2015

What is the correct metric of distributive justice? Proponents of the capability approach claim that distributive metrics should be articulated in terms of individuals’ effective abilities to achieve important and worthwhile goals. Defenders of resourcism, by contrast, maintain that metrics should instead focus on the distribution of external resources. This debate is now more than three decades old, and it has produced a vast and still growing literature. The present paper aims to provide a fresh perspective on this protracted debate. It does so by defending capability metrics while also (1) criticizing the two most common arguments used to support them, and (2) sympathetically reconstructing the arguments for resourcism. I ultimately argue that while sweeping defenses of the capability approach do not succeed, capability theorists can indeed vindicate the justice-relevance of certain capabilities while still accommodating what is plausible in resourcism.