bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Insomnia on Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation Outcomes in the ADHERE Registry
Authors: Dhanda Patil Reena , Ishman Stacey L. , Chang Jolie L. , Thaler Erica , Suurna Maria V.
Published: August 2023

Objective

We aimed to determine the preoperative prevalence of insomnia in the Adherence and Outcomes of Upper Airway Stimulation for OSA International Registry (ADHERE) and to examine serial sleep‐related data longitudinally, in particular the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), to compare outcomes between patients with no/subthreshold insomnia (ISI < 15) and moderate/severe insomnia (ISI ≥ 15) at baseline.

Methods

We analyzed observational data from ADHERE between March 2020 and September 2022. Baseline demographic and mental health (MH) data, apnea hypopnea index (AHI), ISI, and ESS (Epworth Sleepiness Scale) were recorded. At post‐titration (PT) and final visits, AHI, ISI, ESS and nightly usage were compared between baseline ISI < 15 and ISI ≥ 15 subgroups.

Results

A baseline ISI was obtained in 928 patients (62% with ISI ≥ 15). Of the 578 and 141 patients reaching the 12‐ and 24‐month time periods to complete PT and final visits, 292 (50.5%) and 91 (64.5%) completed the ISI, respectively. Baseline MH conditions were higher with ISI ≥ 15 than ISI < 15 (p < 0.001). AHI reduction and adherence did not differ between patients with baseline ISI ≥ 15 and ISI < 15. Patients with ISI ≥ 15 experienced greater improvement in ESS than ISI < 15 at post‐titration and final visits (p = 0.014, 0.025). All patients had improved nocturnal, daytime, and overall ISI scores at follow‐up visits (p < 0.001), especially for those with baseline ISI ≥ 15 compared with ISI < 15 (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

HGNS therapy efficacy and adherence were similar between ISI severity subgroups at follow‐up visits. Insomnia and sleepiness scores improved in all patients with HGNS therapy and to a greater degree in patients with baseline moderate/severe insomnia.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 134:471–479, 2024
Application of microbial antagonists as alternatives to chemical pesticides: A novel approach for enhancing plant growth and resilience of agricultural land
Authors: Hanif Asma , Abideen Zainul , Hasan Khwaja Ali , Ali Basit , El‐Keblawy Ali , Umar Muhammad , Rao Yamna , Siddiqui Zamin Shaheed
Published: August 2023

Microbial inoculants for controlling soil pathogens are an environmentally sustainable approach for attaining agricultural intensification. Charcoal root rot pathogens might threaten global food security and degrade prime agricultural lands. Microbial antagonists to control charcoal root disease were not properly studied with reference to physiological and photochemical basis. This research was aimed to examine the impact of newly isolated microbial biocontrol agents (MBCAs) on growth and photosynthetic efficiency (photosystem II) in pathogen (Macrophomina phaseolina)‐infected plants. The MBCAs (Purpureocillium lilacinum and Aspergillus terreus) were isolated and seeds were coated to improve soil fertility and resilience of agricultural lands. Both MBCAs inhibited the colonization of pathogenic fungus around the roots of host plants. Decline in growth traits was observed due to the detrimental impacts of root rot disease on growth parameters compared with plants treated with M. phaseolina. However, the growth of corn plants in both soils with and without M. phaseolina infestations was substantially improved by treating corn seeds with P. lilacinum and A. terreus. The pathogen drastically reduced the distinct parameters of photosystem II of photosynthesis. However, applying P. lilacinum and A. terreus significantly improved the total performance index (PItot), size, and the number of active reaction centers of photosystem II (Fv/Fo), electron transport rate, electron trapping per absorption (TRO/ABS), electron transport per absorption (ETO/ABS), electron transport per trapping (ETO/TRO), and the efficiency of light reaction (φEo) but downregulates nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ). Our study demonstrates that microbial antagonists offer a more effective, ecofriendly alternative to improve the land to sustainable agriculture.
Bragg Solitons – Historical and Future Perspectives
Authors: Tan Dawn T. H. , Eggleton Benjamin J.
Published: August 2023

Solitons have been a subject of intense intellectual curiosity and an avenue for a plethora of applications since they are first observed in water waves. Optical solitons, in particular, have seen tremendous progress, starting from their first theoretical predictions in optical fiber in 1973. On the 50thanniversary of this seminal work from Haseagawa and Tappert, a review is provided on the progress in an important class of optical solitons, the Bragg soliton. Bragg solitons are optical solitons which exist in structures periodic in one dimension. The history of Bragg solitons is described, including the most salient advancements made both in theory and experiments. Recent progress made in integrated photonic devices and their associated design advantages are highlighted, with particular emphasis on how these have facilitated the realization of Bragg soliton dynamics on a chip and their optical processing functions. A discussion and future outlook for this burgeoning field provides a perspective on how Bragg solitons may impact the field of photonics and future applications.
Modification of Branched Poly(ethylene imine) with d‐Fructose for Selective Delivery of siRNA into Human Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Peschel Jan Matthias , Reichel Liên Sabrina , Hoffmann Tim , Enzensperger Christoph , Schubert Ulrich Sigmar , Traeger Anja , Gottschaldt Michael
Published: August 2023

Branched poly(ethylene imine) (bPEI) is frequently used in RNA interference (RNAi) experiments as a cationic polymer for the delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) because of its ability to form stable polyplexes that facilitate siRNA uptake. However, the use of bPEI in gene delivery is limited by its cytotoxicity and a need for target specificity. In this work, bPEI is modified with d‐fructose to improve biocompatibility and target breast cancer cells through the overexpressed GLUT5 transporter. Fructose‐substituted bPEI (Fru−bPEI) is accessible in three steps starting from commercially available protected fructopyranosides and bPEI. Several polymers with varying molecular weights, degrees of substitution, and linker positions on d‐fructose (C1 and C3) are synthesized and characterized with NMR spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography, and elemental analysis. In vitro biological screenings show significantly reduced cytotoxicity of 10 kDa bPEI after fructose functionalization, specific uptake of siRNA polyplexes, and targeted knockdown of green fluorescent protein (GFP) in triple‐negative breast cancer cells (MDA‐MB‐231) compared to noncancer cells (HEK293T).
YAP/TAZ: Molecular pathway and disease therapy
Authors: Wei Yuzi , Hui Victoria Lee Zhi , Chen Yilin , Han Ruiying , Han Xianglong , Guo Yongwen
Published: August 2023

The Yes‐associated protein and its transcriptional coactivator with PDZ‐binding motif (YAP/TAZ) are two homologous transcriptional coactivators that lie at the center of a key regulatory network of Hippo, Wnt, GPCR, estrogen, mechanical, and metabolism signaling. YAP/TAZ influences the expressions of downstream genes and proteins as well as enzyme activity in metabolic cycles, cell proliferation, inflammatory factor expression, and the transdifferentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. YAP/TAZ can also be regulated through epigenetic regulation and posttranslational modifications. Consequently, the regulatory function of these mechanisms implicates YAP/TAZ in the pathogenesis of metabolism‐related diseases, atherosclerosis, fibrosis, and the delicate equilibrium between cancer progression and organ regeneration. As such, there arises a pressing need for thorough investigation of YAP/TAZ in clinical settings. In this paper, we aim to elucidate the signaling pathways that regulate YAP/TAZ and explore the mechanisms of YAP/TAZ‐induce diseases and their potential therapeutic interventions. Furthermore, we summarize the current clinical studies investigating treatments targeting YAP/TAZ. We also address the limitations of existing research on YAP/TAZ and propose future directions for research. In conclusion, this review aims to provide fresh insights into the signaling mediated by YAP/TAZ and identify potential therapeutic targets to present innovative solutions to overcome the challenges associated with YAP/TAZ.
On the formulation of a predictor–corrector method to model IVPs with variable‐order Liouville–Caputo‐type derivatives
Authors: Zerari Amina , Odibat Zaid , Shawagfeh Nabil
Published: August 2023

Variable‐order fractional calculus operators can be used as a valuable tool to simulate many nonlinear models with a memory property in fractional calculus applications. In this paper, we developed a novel predictor–corrector method for solving numerically nonlinear differential equations with variable‐order Liouville–Caputo‐type fractional derivatives. First, we found an inversion integral formula that is equivalent to the studied problem, and then we used it to formulate our numerical algorithm. Numerical approximate solutions of some variable‐order fractional models have been presented to display the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed algorithm. The influence of the variable‐order on the dynamic behavior of the considered problems is described.
Sectorial Paley–Wiener theorem
Authors: Vagharshakyan Armen
Published: August 2023

We consider the problem of restoring a two‐dimensional convex source of gravity based on values of its potential function on a union of half‐planes. With that aim we prove a Paley–Wiener type theorem for functions of exponential type in a sector. In particular, we find the maximal set of analytic continuation whose complement is convex inside a sector. Our result serves as a sectorial analog of G. Polya's indicator theorem. It corrects, simplifies, and extends a result of M. Morimoto. It also improves a related result of M. Dzhrbashyan and A. Avetisyan.
Generalized methods for predicting biological response to mixed radiation types and calculating equieffective doses (EQDX)
Authors: Katugampola Sumudu , Hobbs Robert F. , Howell Roger W.
Published: August 2023

Background

Predicting biological responses to mixed radiation types is of considerable importance when combining radiation therapies that use multiple radiation types and delivery regimens. These may include the use of both low‐ and high‐linear energy transfer (LET) radiations. A number of theoretical models have been developed to address this issue. However, model predictions do not consistently match published experimental data for mixed radiation exposures. Furthermore, the models are often computationally intensive. Accordingly, there is a need for efficient analytical models that can predict responses to mixtures of low‐ and high‐LET radiations. Additionally, a general formalism to calculate equieffective dose (EQDX) for mixed radiations is needed.

Purpose

To develop a computationally efficient analytical model that can predict responses to complex mixtures of low‐ and high‐LET radiations as a function of either absorbed dose or EQDX.

Methods

The Zaider‐Rossi model (ZRM) was modified by replacing the geometric mean of the quadratic coefficients in the interaction term with the arithmetic mean. This modified ZRM model (mZRM) was then further generalized to any number of radiation types and its validity was tested against published experimental observations. Comparisons between the predictions of the ZRM and mZRM, and other models, were made using two and three radiation types. In addition, a generalized formalism for calculating EQDX for mixed radiations was developed within the context of mZRM and validated with published experimental results.

Results

The predictions of biological responses to mixed‐LET radiations calculated with the mZRM are in better agreement with experimental observations than ZRM, especially when high‐ and low‐LET radiations are mixed. In these situations, the ZRM overestimated the surviving fraction. Furthermore, the EQDX calculated with mZRM are in better agreement with experimental observations.

Conclusion

The mZRM is a computationally efficient model that can be used to predict biological response to mixed radiations that have low‐ and high‐LET characteristics. Importantly, interaction terms are retained in the calculation of EQDX for mixed radiation exposures within the mZRM framework. The mZRM has application in a wide range of radiation therapies, including radiopharmaceutical therapy.
Expanding polymeric feedstocks for powder bed fusion via rational control of liquid–liquid phase separation
Authors: Guan Kaizhong , George Akan , Dadmun Mark D. , Bryant Jackson S. , Bortner Michael J. , Williams Christopher B.
Published: August 2023

Powder bed fusion (PBF) is a promising technology in polymeric additive manufacturing, whose growth is inhibited by limited material options. In this manuscript, we report the use of thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) to controllably produce polymer powders of polypropylene that are suitable for PBF. Moreover, these studies provide crucial insight into the factors that govern the final size of the produced powder, offering fundamental insight that fosters the rational control of powder fabrication for PBF. More precisely, the impact of polymer concentration, molecular weight, and quench temperature on the size of the powder is demonstrated, where the particle size increases with solution concentration, quench temperature and molecular weight. The molecular weight dependence is consistent with a decrease in polymer solubility with an increase in chain length, while the solution concentration dependence can be explained by the relative fractions of the two phases in the precipitation process of polymer solutions. Careful analysis of the temperature and solution concentration dependence of the powder verifies that droplet coalescence is the governing mechanism in the phase separation‐based particle formation process. Therefore, this fundamental understanding provides pathways to use TIPS to produce powders suitable for PBF from a broad range of polymer solutions.
Significance ranking and correlation identification of accident causes in process industry based on system thinking and statistical analysis
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zhong Huayu , Shi Yudong , Zhao Tingsheng
Published: August 2023

Accidents in process industry occur frequently with serious casualties and property losses. This paper builds an accident causation model of process industry based on system thinking by dividing the accident causation system into 4 subsystems and 22 factors. A combination of grey relational analysis and correspondence analysis is conducted to carry out a structured analysis of the collected data. The research contains three main parts: (1) Grey relational analysis is used to obtain the significance ranking of 22 cause factors in process industry, and three critical cause factors are identified as “Security inspection,” “Risk identification,” and “Security awareness.” (2) Through correspondence analysis, the correlations between three sets of variables are analyzed and the cause factors requiring focused attention are identified as “Electric spark,” “Temperature,” “Raw material control,” “Punching phenomenon,” “Equipment clogging,” and “Combustible gases.” (3) An intelligent monitoring scheme is developed for the critical factors of each subsystem, which aims to achieve real‐time monitoring and early warning by means of video surveillance and sensor placement for the human, equipment, and environment subsystems. The conclusions obtained from this study can be used to enhance the efficiency of safety management and reduce the probability of accident occurrence in the process industry.
Changing the paradigm for pesticide resistance management
Authors: Shaw David R , Asmus Amy B , Schroeder Jill , Ervin David E
Published: August 2023

Collaborative action on the part of all stakeholders in pest management is essential to effectively address the challenges of pesticide resistance. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), through its Pesticide Program Dialogue Committee, recently posted a report on pesticide resistance management and the role the Agency can play in these efforts. In this Perspective, we commend the Agency for acknowledging these needs, and encourage implementation of the recommendations. We urge all stakeholders to follow the example set by the EPA to engage openly, listen to other stakeholders, and determine their role as part of the broader community that is needed to address the challenges of resistance. Our contention is that pesticide resistance will continue to escalate until all stakeholders evaluate their roles in resistance management and work together as a community to influence effective management. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Performance matching of common pesticides in banana plantations on the surface of banana leaves at different growth stages
Authors: Jiang Tingting , Duan Jieli , Zhang Zhihong , Xie Bowei , Yang Zhou
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND

The effective deposition of pesticide droplets on a target leaf surface is critical for decreasing pesticide application rates. The wettability between the target leaf surface and the pesticide spray liquid should be investigated in depth, with the aim of enhancing the adhesion of pesticide solutions. The wetting and deposition behavior of pesticides on target leaves depends on the properties of the liquid and the physical and chemical properties of the leaves. The physical and chemical properties of leaves vary with growth stage. This study aims to investigate the wetting behavior of banana leaf surfaces at different stages.

RESULTS

The microstructures and chemical compositions of banana leaf surfaces at different stages were studied using modern methods. The surface structure of banana leaves exhibited a wide variety of characteristics at different growth stages, and the chemical composition changed marginally. The surface free energy (SFE) and polar and non‐polar components of banana leaves at different growth stages were measured by examining the contact angles (CA) of different test solutions on the surface of banana leaves. Previous research has suggested that changes in the CA and SFE correlate with changes in leaf surface wettability. In general, the new upper leaves of banana trees are composed of polar components and exhibit hydrophobicity. Non‐polar components become dominant as the leaf grows. The back surface of banana leaves was non‐polar at all growth stages, with a trend that was opposite to that of the front surface. The critical surface tension of the banana leaf surface at different growth stages ranged from 7.83 to 24.22 mN m−1, thus falling into the category of a low‐energy surface.

CONCLUSION

The surface roughness and chemical characteristics of banana leaves affected the wettability of the leaf surface. Differences in the free energy and the polar and non‐polar components of the leaf surface at were seen at different growth stages. This study provides a favorable reference for the rational control of pesticide spraying parameters and the enhancement of wetting and adhesion of the solution on banana leaf surfaces. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Prevalence, definition, and etiology of cesarean scar defect and treatment of cesarean scar disorder: A narrative review
Authors: Tsuji Shunichiro , Nobuta Yuri , Hanada Tetsuro , Takebayashi Aike , Inatomi Ayako , Takahashi Akimasa , Amano Tsukuru , Murakami Takashi
Published: August 2023

Background

Cesarean scar defects (CSD) are caused by cesarean sections and cause various symptoms. Although there has been no previous consensus on the name of this condition for a long time, it has been named cesarean scar disorder (CSDi).

Methods

This review summarizes the definition, prevalence, and etiology of CSD, as well as the pathophysiology and treatment of CSDi. We focused on surgical therapy and examined the effects and procedures of laparoscopy, hysteroscopy, and transvaginal surgery.

Main findings

The definition of CSD was proposed as an anechoic lesion with a depth of at least 2 mm because of the varied prevalence, owing to the lack of consensus. CSD incidence depends on the number of times, procedure, and situation of cesarean sections. Histopathological findings in CSD are fibrosis and adenomyosis, and chronic inflammation in the uterine and pelvic cavities decreases fertility in women with CSDi. Although the surgical procedures are not standardized, laparoscopic, hysteroscopic, and transvaginal surgeries are effective.

Conclusion

The cause and pathology of CSDi are becoming clear. However, there is variability in the prevalence and treatment strategies. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct further studies using the same definitions.
Determination of Lead(II) and Cadmium(II) in Selected Commercially Available Water‐Based Paints of Ethiopia by Anodic Stripping Voltammetry Using a Bismuth‐Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Muluneh Enidale Yazie , Mekonnen Menbere Leul , Debebe Siraye Esubalew
Published: August 2023

Since the introduction of bismuth‐modified electrodes in Anodic Stripping Voltammetry, it has been used to determine heavy metals in various matrices. However, most reports focused on water samples due to fewer sample treatment requirements. In this study, Square Wave Anodic Stripping Voltammetry technique with a bismuth‐modified glassy carbon electrode is reported for the simultaneous determination of lead and cadmium content in paints. Analysis of paint samples collected from three industries in Ethiopia showed excellent percent recovery values ranging from 97.99–102.07 %. The Pb and Cd contents in these products have not been reported yet. The limits of detection were 0.06 μmol/L for Pb(II) and 0.13 μmol/L for Cd(II). The concentration of Cd(II) is not in the detectable range (ND) in all paint samples. The concentration Pb(II) in paint samples of DH‐Geda (Green 3.41±0.62 ppm, Red 14.05±0.91 ppm, violate 11.23±1.08 ppm and White 12.04±0.57 ppm), Nefas silk (Green 2.95±0.29 ppm, Red 3.16±0.36 ppm, violate 7.42±0.83 ppm, and White 6.93±0.79 ppm) and Tsehay (Green 4.40±0.67 ppm, Red ND, Violate ND, and White ND). These results are cross‐checked with AAS and the result is almost the same. This method is not significantly influenced by the paint matrix and can be used as an alternative analytical method for the determination of heavy metals in the paint matrix. The amount of Pb(II) and Cd(II) in the given paints are below the permissible levels based on the regulation of Ethiopia (90 ppm for Pb). Therefore, they are safe to use in the country.
Enhancement of Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue Dye Using Graphene Oxide Based Ternary Nanocomposite
Authors: Yadav Deepika , Sharma Navita , Kumari Sujata , Sharma Pratibha , Ghosh Debasree , Mohan Srivastava Chandra , Majumder Sudip
Published: August 2023

The scarcity of pure water, as well as the growing water shortage, highlight the importance of finding an efficient material for wastewater treatment. Treating pollutants present in wastewater is a challenging task so several methods have been developed for the treatment of pollutants present in wastewater. Among all, utilizing graphene based nanocomposite as adsorbent is a good option and can be utilized efficiently for wastewater treatment. In this work graphene oxide (GO) based ternary nanocomposite was synthesized via the co‐precipitation method and utilized for the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye. Powder X‐ray Diffraction (PXRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HRTEM), UV‐vis Diffuse Reflectance Spectra (DRS), Brunauer‐ Emmett & Teller (BET) method, and UV‐Vis spectroscopy were used to investigate the formation of GO‐TiO2‐Fe2O3 (GTF) nanocomposites and the effect of graphene oxide addition on the photophysical properties of the composite. XRD data confirmed the high crystallinity of the obtained ternary nanocomposite. HRTEM and FESEM instruments confirmed the shape and morphology of the GTF nanocomposite which were found to be spherical with an average particle size of 20–80 nm. The photocatalytic degradation of the ternary composite was examined using MB as a model dye. The efficiency of the GTF nanocomposite was examined and compared with GO‐TiO2‐Fe2O3‐GG (GTF‐GG) and GO. The degradation efficiency of GTF‐GG, GTF, and GO was found to be 89.82 %, 77.34 % and 58.15 % within 270 min respectively. The prepared nanocomposite may be a promising material for the photocatalytic degradation of dye effluent present in wastewater.
Anion Dependent Coordination Polymers of Different Copper Salts with Mixed Organic Ligands (bis(4‐Nitrophenyl)phosphoric Acid and 4,4′‐Bipyridine)
Authors: Pattnaik Archana Kumari , Pedireddi Venkateswara Rao
Published: August 2023

Different coordination polymers that are prepared by using various copper salts with diverse counter ions (perchlorate/ nitrate/ acetate/ iodide) along with bis(4‐nitrophenyl)phosphoric acid (BNPP) and 4,4′‐bipyridine (bpy) have been reported. In each case, two distinct coloured crystals (royal and cyan blue) are observed, concomitantly. The composition and structural features of royal blue crystals are the same in all structures irrespective of counter ions employed, yielding a distorted square pyramid structure with each copper metal ion coordinated to one BNPP and four bpy molecules along with six water molecules in the lattice. However, the compositions of the cyan blue crystals are different depending on the counter ions used. Thus, copper metal ion was found in distinct coordination spheres in each structure. For example, perchlorate anion produces a mixed geometry structure {[Cu(BNPP)2(bpy)2(H2O)][Cu(bpy)2(H2O)2]}ClO4 containing two Cu(II) metal ions with independent square pyramid and square planar geometries along with an uncoordinated perchlorate anion. In addition, it also gives a structure with a molecular formula [Cu2(BNPP)5(bpy)3], devoid of perchlorate ions, having two different Cu(II) coordination spheres (square pyramid and square planar), which are connected together. In contrast, with nitrate ions, cyan blue crystals form a square pyramidal geometry with the formula [Cu(BNPP)2(bpy)2(NO3)], in which the anion is coordinated to Cu(II) ions. Furthermore, with acetate ion, two different complexes having formulae [Cu(BNPP)2(bpy)2] ⋅ 2H2O and [Cu(bpy)2(acetate)2](H2O)2(nitrophenol) are observed, with the latter complex is formed possibly due to the facile hydrolysis of BNPP molecules yielding a nitrophenol. In both the complexes Cu(II) projects a square planar geometry. However, in the case of iodide anion, a complex [Cu2(BNPP)5(bpy)3] ⋅ 2H2O is formed, without any anion, in which two distinct Cu metal ions with tetra‐ and penta‐coordinated spheres are connected together through bpy molecules and yield square planar and square pyramid geometries. The structures of these coordination polymers are thoroughly characterised by single crystal X‐ray diffraction and spectroscopic methods (IR, solid state UV and photoluminescence).
Sidestream bio‐P and mainstream anammox in a BNR process with upstream carbon capture
Authors: McCullough Kester , Klaus Stephanie , Wilson Christopher , Vanrolleghem Peter A. , Gu April Z. , Bott Charles B.
Published: August 2023

The integration of biological phosphorus removal (bio‐P) and shortcut nitrogen removal (SNR) processes is challenging because of the conflicting demands on influent carbon: SNR allows for upstream carbon diversion, but this reduction of influent carbon (especially volatile fatty acids [VFAs]) prevents or limits bio‐P. The objective of this study was to achieve SNR, either via partial nitritation/anammox (PNA) or partial denitrification/anammox (PdNA), simultaneously with biological phosphorus removal in a process with upstream carbon capture. This study took place in a pilot scale A/B process with a sidestream bio‐P reactor and tertiary anammox polishing. Despite low influent rbCOD concentrations from the A‐stage effluent, bio‐P occurred in the B‐stage thanks to the addition of A‐stage WAS fermentate to the sidestream reactor. Nitrite accumulation occurred in the B‐stage via partial denitrification and partial nitritation (NOB out‐selection), depending on operational conditions, and was removed along with ammonia by the tertiary anammox MBBR, with the ability to achieve effluent TIN less than 2 mg/L.

Practitioner Points

A sidestream reactor with sufficient fermentate addition enables biological phosphorus removal in a B‐stage system with little‐to‐no influent VFA.

Enhanced biological phosphorus removal is not inhibited by intermittent aeration and is stable at a wide range of process SRTs.

Partial nitritation and partial denitrification are viable routes to produce nitrite within an A/B process with sidestream bio‐P, for downstream anammox in a polishing MBBR.
Application of Observational Weather Data in Evaluating Resilience of Power Systems and Adaptation to Extreme Wind Events
Authors: Mujjuni Francis , Betts Tom , Blanchard Richard E.
Published: August 2023

In Great Britain, 70% of wind-related faults on the transmission power network are attributed to the top 1% gusts. These faults cause outages to millions of customers and have extensive cascading impacts. This study illustrated the application of historical ground measured wind data in a multi-phase resilience analysis process by: (i) projecting an extreme wind event, (ii) assessing components’ vulnerabilities, (iii) analysing system’s response, (iv) quantifying baseline resilience, and (v) evaluating the effectiveness of selected adaptation measures. The extreme event was modelled as a ubiquitous 100-year return gust event impacting upon the operations of the Reduced Great Britain transmission network test case. The results show an unmet demand of about 569 GWh/Week. Adaptation measures were necessary for 60% of transmission corridors with responsiveness improving resilience by 70%, robustness by 55%, and redundancy by 35%. The study implies that resilience enhancement can be prioritized within high potency corridors and organisational resilience could prove to be more effective than infrastructural and operational resilience.
Investigation of Working Fluid Performance in a Refrigeration Cycle
Authors: Radulovic J. , Bull J. , Buick J. M.
Published: August 2023

With global warming and climate change, the world is experiencing a steady temperature rise. Hence the need for effective and efficient air conditioning, cooling and refrigeration systems is higher than ever. One of the key elements influencing refrigeration system performance is the working fluid. From 2022, new refrigeration systems in the UK must not use refrigeration fluids with global warming potential (GWP) above 150. Widely used R134a, with GWP of 1430, is therefore being banned and the need for suitable replacement fluids, with equivalent or similar thermodynamic performance, is imminent. This paper looks into the potential of low GWP refrigerant fluids, and assesses their suitability to be utilised as replacement for historically used R134a. Operation of a refrigeration cycle based on R134a is comprehensively compared to selected low GWP fluids in different operating conditions. Low GWP fluids (R152a, R1234yf, R1234ze(E), R290, R600a) were carefully selected to include a broad range of thermophysical properties and cover several fluid categories. Compression work requirement, cooling capacity and the overall performance are evaluated in typical operating scenarios. We conclude that both R1234ze(E) and R1234yf are good alternatives. In particular, R1234yf outperformed R134a by requiring less compression work and achieving significantly higher COP based on the same cooling capacity.
Multi-objective Energy Management Model for Stand-Alone Photovoltaic-Battery Systems: Application to Refugee Camps
Authors: Bammeke Daniel , Nixon Jonathan D. , Brusey James , Gaura Elena
Published: August 2023

Despite the benefits of stand-alone solar photovoltaic (PV) systems in the context of refugee camps, these systems fail within the first few years of operations—typically the first three years. The leading causes of the failure of solar PV systems in refugee camps are lack of technical personnel and maintenance, lack of training and education, and demand modification leading to overconsumption of energy from lead-acid batteries. This paper proposes a multi-objective energy management model that aims to increase the longevity of lead-acid batteries while considering the Levelized Cost of Used Energy (LCUE) and user satisfaction. Scenarios incorporating different levels of demand modification are proposed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model. A weighted sum approach was applied to solve the multi-objective optimization problem. A sensitivity analysis was performed to illustrate the effect of varying the battery objective weight, on the model’s performance. Results show that the proposed model can increase battery lifetime by up to 9 years with a 33% decrease in LCUE in some cases. The results indicate that the proposed model is likely to be useful for refugee camps that experience rapidly increasing energy demand.
Student Mathematics Learning Activities
Authors: Timmerman Maria A.
Published: August 2023

This chapter provides an overview of different conceptualizations of student engagement with mathematical ideas in studies that occur in mathematics classrooms and teaching experiment environments, and the types of quality student mathematics learning activities that result in desired learning outcomes. Over the last three decades, mathematics curriculum initiatives have called for the development of student behaviors and dispositions (i.e., mathematical competencies, processes, proficiencies, and practices) that actively engage all students in knowing and doing mathematics. According to Medley (1987), it is axiomatic that all learning depends on the activity of the learner. One of the main purposes of teaching is to provide students with effective and equitable experiences that will result in successful learner outcomes. Given the complexity of studying student engagement with learning activities, including the “constraint-support system” (Kaput in Handbook of research on mathematics teaching and learning, Macmillan, 1992) of technology-based mathematics activities, and the persistent challenges of conducting research in mathematics classrooms, this chapter describes the evolution of research examining student learning experiences through the lens of multiple theoretical perspectives that provide explanations relevant to how and why student behaviors and dispositions develop in the way they do within different learning environments.
Individual Student Internal Contexts and Considerations for Mathematics Teaching and Learning
Authors: Megan Che S. , Evan Baker T.
Published: August 2023

In this chapter, we share insights and understandings from mathematics education research on internal context variables, which, for the presage-process-product frame for this book, are those characteristics of students or groups of students which affect responses to mathematics teacher behavior. We also connect student internal context to activities or actions of mathematics teachers and to student mathematics learning activities—student experiences that generatively support their internal contexts. Specifically, we trace the evolution of mathematics education research around the concepts of identity, students’ internal cognitive processes of constructing mathematics, and students’ psychosocial constructions of themselves as students of and doers of mathematics. We also highlight and characterize connections between these processes and external contexts such as teacher actions, mathematics learning activities, and student social/historical context.
Iatrogenic pseudoaneurysm rupture of the middle cerebral artery after an intracranial pressure monitor placement: a case report and literature review
Authors: Wang Haibin , Chen Jinming , Gao Zhiqiang , Zeng Zhaobin
Published: August 2023

Thalamic hemorrhage (TH) is a devastating disease with a high mortality rate; however, no specific form of therapy has been proven to reduce mortality. Patients with hemorrhagic stroke undergo intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring. However, cases involving pseudoaneurysms caused by ICP monitoring in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage have not been reported previously. Here, we report a case of pseudoaneurysm caused by an ICP monitor that was fitted due to hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage.
A new critical social science research agenda on pesticides
Authors: Mansfield Becky , Werner Marion , Berndt Christian , Shattuck Annie , Galt Ryan , Williams Bryan , Argüelles Lucía , Barri Fernando Rafael , Ishii Marcia , Kunin Johana , Lapegna Pablo , Romero Adam , Caicedo Andres , Abhigya  , Castro-Vargas María Soledad , Marquez Emily , Ojeda Diana , Ramirez Fernando , Tittor Anne
Published: August 2023

The global pesticide complex has transformed over the past two decades, but social science research has not kept pace. The rise of an enormous generics sector, shifts in geographies of pesticide production, and dynamics of agrarian change have led to more pesticide use, expanding to farm systems that hitherto used few such inputs. Declining effectiveness due to pesticide resistance and anemic institutional support for non-chemical alternatives also have driven intensification in conventional systems. As an inter-disciplinary network of pesticide scholars, we seek to renew the social science research agenda on pesticides to better understand this suite of contemporary changes. To identify research priorities, challenges, and opportunities, we develop the pesticide complex as a heuristic device to highlight the reciprocal and iterative interactions among agricultural practice, the agrochemical industry, civil society-shaped regulatory actions, and contested knowledge of toxicity. Ultimately, collaborations among social scientists and across the social and biophysical sciences can illuminate recent transformations and their uneven socioecological effects. A reinvigorated critical scholarship that embraces the multifaceted nature of pesticides can identify the social and ecological constraints that drive pesticide use and support alternatives to chemically driven industrial agriculture.
The Characteristics and HIV-Related Outcomes of People Living with Co-occurring HIV and Mental Health Conditions in the United States: A Systematic Review of Literature from 2016 to 2021
Authors: O’Grady Thomas , Inman Nina , Younger Alitasha , Huang Bishan , Bouton Taylor Olivia , Kim Heeun , DeLorenzo Emily
Published: August 2023

Considering advances in HIV prevention and treatment, jurisdictional efforts to end the HIV/AIDS epidemic, and reduced stigma towards people living with HIV infection and mental health conditions, the authors systematically reviewed studies published between 2016 and 2021 and identified 45 studies that met the eligibility criteria. The review found that stigma towards mental health conditions still acts as a barrier to accessing HIV treatment, which impacts treatment outcomes. Additionally, social determinants of health, such as housing instability and poverty, appear to impact mental health and, therefore, HIV-related outcomes. The review also highlighted the mutually reinforcing effects of HIV, mental health, and substance use conditions, providing valuable insights into the syndemic effects of these co-occurring conditions. Overall, the review highlights the need to address stigma and social determinants of health in HIV prevention and treatment efforts and to integrate mental health services into HIV care to improve outcomes for people living with both HIV and mental health conditions.
Chromosomal instability and inflammation: a catch-22 for cancer cells
Authors: van den Brink Anouk , Suárez Peredo Rodríguez Maria F. , Foijer Floris
Published: August 2023

Chromosomal instability (CIN), an increased rate of chromosomal segregation abnormalities, drives intratumor heterogeneity and affects most human cancers. In addition to chromosome copy number alterations, CIN results in chromosome(s) (fragments) being mislocalized into the cytoplasm in the form of micronuclei. Micronuclei can be detected by cGAS, a double-strand nucleic acid sensor, which will lead to the production of the second messenger 2′3′-cGAMP, activation of an inflammatory response, and downstream immune cell activation. However, the molecular network underlying the CIN-induced inflammatory response is still poorly understood. Furthermore, there is emerging evidence that cancers that display CIN circumvent this CIN-induced inflammatory response, and thus immune surveillance. The STAT1, STAT3, and NF-κB signaling cascades appear to play an important role in the CIN-induced inflammatory response. In this review, we discuss how these pathways are involved in signaling CIN in cells and how they are intertwined. A better understanding of how CIN is being signaled in cells and how cancer cells circumvent this is of the utmost importance for better and more selective cancer treatment.
Assessment of population structure and genetic diversity of wild and captive populations of Ammotragus lervia provide insights for conservation management
Authors: Pizzigalli Cristian , Silva Teresa Luísa , Abáigar Teresa , Bertorelle Giorgio , Cassinello Jorge , Brito José Carlos
Published: August 2023

The aoudad (Ammotragus lervia) is a Vulnerable bovid endemic of North Africa. Although legally protected in almost every country of its native distribution, the aoudad continues to be hunted for meat and trophy in both North Africa and the countries where it has been introduced. The species was subject to past translocations planned irrespectively of the genetic diversity and local adaptations of source and receiving populations, and no management or conservation units have ever been designed. We aim to provide here important insights on the taxonomy of the aoudad subspecies and the genetic diversity of most of its wild and captive populations. We collected 127 invasive and non-invasive samples from five of the six subspecies of aoudad recognized to date. We could successfully retrieve genetic data for 74 samples. Of those, 36 provided both nuclear (11 microsatellites) and mitochondrial (Cyt-b) data, 31 just nuclear data, and six just mitochondrial data. We implement Bayesian approaches to infer the population structure and phylogenetic relationships between the different populations/subspecies and backtrack the maternal lineages of introduced individuals in European populations. Our results support the presence of four genetically different wild populations, corresponding to three distinct mitochondrial lineages plus a fourth group restricted to Egypt identified by the nuclear markers. We also provide genetic evidence on the affiliation of some introduced European populations with respect to the native ones. The genetic diversity instead of variation within all wild populations was low. This might be a consequence of small effective population size and/or high inbreeding degree, probably related to hunting, decline in habitat availability and quality (i.e. overgrazing, and frequent drought), and high inbreeding degree. Our results provide important information for the aoudad conservation, including reintroductions and reinforcement actions of wild populations, and the exchange of individuals among captive stocks.
Towards a standardised set of data analyses for long-term genetic monitoring of grouse using non-invasive sampling: a case study on western capercaillie
Authors: Zeni Teresa , Haider Marlene , Vallant Stephanie , Lentner Reinhard , Steiner Florian M. , Schlick-Steiner Birgit C.
Published: August 2023

Genetic monitoring has become a popular instrument in the conservation of endangered species, allowing to estimate size and genetic structure of wild populations. Long-term monitoring projects are essential to recognize demographic changes and impact of human activities. Since 2011, an extensive monitoring project on the population size and trends, as well as spatial distribution and survival rates, of two grouse species including the western capercaillie, Tetrao urogallus, has been conducted in Tyrol, in the eastern part of the European Alps, where T. urogallus males are huntable under specific regulations. In this case study, we aimed to compile a set of analyses to be employed in evaluating data from dropping and feather samples for conservation studies. Using eleven microsatellite and two sex markers, we genotyped 251 faeces and feathers of T. urogallus collected in East Tyrol in spring 2019. We analysed population structure and mobility patterns, including sex differences in genetic diversity and mobility. The relationship between habitat parameters and genetic diversity was investigated using multiple linear regressions. We showed that the investigated T. urogallus population is well mixed and likely well connected to neighbouring populations. We also found sex-specific mobility patterns that support female-biased dispersal. As the last step, we demonstrated the general feasibility of a modelling approach using habitat parameters. With this pilot study, further analysis of data is possible for the whole monitoring project, giving a better insight in the grouse populations in Tyrol.
Fintech and corporate governance: at times of financial crisis
Authors: Najaf Khakan , Chin Alice , Fook Adrian Lean Wan , Dhiaf Mohamed M. , Asiaei Kaveh
Published: August 2023

The objective of this research is to probe the moderating role of Big Four auditors (a representative of corporate governance) on the market performance of firms during the pandemic period, with specific focus on Fintech and non-Fintech firms. Design/Methodology: Employing data from 48 Fintech and 140 non-Fintech firms spanning 2010 to 2021, the study utilizes ordinary least squares, quantile regression, and dynamic Generalised Moments Method (GMM) regression to assess the implications of engaging with a Big Four auditor on firms' market performance during the pandemic. The study reveals that Fintech firms, compared to their non-Fintech counterparts, displayed a significantly poorer market performance by 110.4% during the pandemic. Additionally, Fintech firms audited by a Big Four auditor experienced a decline in market performance by 101.9%, indicating a potential negative impact of Big Four auditors' engagement for Fintech firms in crisis periods. The outcomes of this research underscore the importance of corporate governance during financial crises, and its influence on shareholder perception, especially in the context of Fintech firms. As such, it provides meaningful insights for governments, policymakers, and various practitioners including firm shareholders and start-up entrepreneurs. This study introduces a novel examination of the moderating effect of Big Four auditors on firms' market performance during a pandemic, especially in the context of Fintech firms. By shedding light on the relationship between corporate governance and market performance during crises, it fills a significant gap in the existing literature.