bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Dearomative Spirocyclization
Authors: Li Nan , Shi Zhaojiang , Wang Wei‐Zhen , Yuan Yaofeng , Ye Ke‐Yin
Published: March 2023

Electrochemical dearomative spirocyclization serves as a green and sustainable approach to convert the flat, two‐dimension aromatic feedstock into the value‐added three‐dimension spirocyclic architectures. This review highlights the recent advances, emphasizes mechanistic discussions, and showcases synthetic applications of this emerging versatile and powerful transformation.
Digitale Zwillinge ermöglichen fundierte Entscheidungen durch vernetzte Daten
Authors: Kornblum Wolfgang , Schumann René
Published: March 2023

Die Digitalisierung im Bauwesen schreitet voran, das Thema BIM (Building Information Modeling) ist in aller Munde und viele Unternehmen und Projekte machen erste Erfahrungen mit der digitalen Arbeitsmethode. Die Prozesse im Lebenszyklus einer baulichen Anlage (oder Anwendungsfälle digitaler Methoden) können dann effizient qualitätsvolle Ergebnisse liefern, wenn Daten aus weiteren Quellen wie etwa Terminpläne, Dokumente, digitale Abnahmeformulare oder von verbauten Sensoren miteinander vernetzt werden. Es geht um Transparenz und das Auflösen von Datensilos. Ein Beispiel hierfür ist das übergeordnete Management von vertraglich vereinbarten Kundenanforderungen. Mithilfe von einheitlich strukturierten Datenmodellen werden die Silos von aktuellen und zukünftigen Prozessen überwunden, so wird eine Ende‐zu‐Ende‐Transparenz geschaffen. Damit stehen mehr Daten und Informationen für fundiertere Entscheidungen und ein besseres Risikomanagement zur Verfügung. Zusätzlich ermöglicht ein einheitliches Datenmodell eine Reduzierung von Abhängigkeiten durch die genutzten Softwaresysteme – die Daten‐Interoperabilität kann in verschiedenen Projektszenarien besser gewährleistet werden. Dies hat einen Einfluss auf das Management einzelner Projekte sowie die Vergleichbarkeit und die Steuerung über Projektgrenzen hinweg. Um diesen Mehrwert nutzbar zu machen, braucht es – fernab von technologischen Voraussetzungen – neue Kompetenzen, die datengetriebene Denk‐ und Arbeitsweisen bei allen Stakeholdern eines Projekts vorantreiben. So kann der Weg zu einem echten Digitalen Zwilling in allen Lebenszyklusphasen baulicher Anlagen bereitet werden. Effiziente und fundierte Entscheidungen sind ein Hebel, den Herausforderungen großer Veränderungen in allen Bereichen des Bauwesens, v. a. auch dem nachhaltigen Wandel in Verkehrs‐ und Energieinfrastruktur, zu begegnen.
Fracture Testing of Lithium‐Ion Battery Cathode Secondary Particles in‐situ inside the Scanning Electron Microscope
Authors: Wheatcroft Laura , Bird Arron , Stallard Joe C. , Mitchell Ria L. , Booth Samuel G. , Nedoma Alisyn J. , De Volder Michael F. L. , Cussen Serena A. , Fleck Norman A. , Inkson Beverley J.
Published: March 2023

Fracture of cathode secondary particles is a critical degradation mechanism in lithium‐ion batteries. The microindentation strength of LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 secondary particles is measured in situ in the scanning electron microscope (SEM), enabling dynamical imaging of fracture. Crack propagation is intergranular between primary particles when induced by compressing between flat platens (analogous to calendaring), and with a cono‐spherical indenter (representing particle‐particle contact). Fracture occurs directly beneath the cono‐spherical tip and at the centre of secondary particles when compressed between flat platens. Finite element modelling of stress states provides insight into the dependence of fracture load upon cohesive strength and particle toughness. Secondary particle indentation strength decreases with increasing secondary particle size, with cycling, and with increasing state of charge. The indentation strength decrease is greatest in earlier stages of delithiation. The novel microindentation technique allows assessment of strength and toughness of different cathode morphologies, aiding prediction of optimal particle structure and processing conditions.
Recovery of xylan from Acacia mearnsii using ultrasound‐assisted alkaline extraction
Authors: Gufe Claudious , Thantsha Mapitsi S. , Malgas Samkelo
Published: March 2023

Novel and effective biorefinery methods are necessary to fractionate lignocellulosic biomass into separate components for the valorization of these components into value‐added products. For example, the xylan fraction can be used as an adhesive, a thickener, an additive to plastics, an emulsifier, a drug carrier, and as a precursor of prebiotic xylooligosaccharides. Unfortunately, conventional xylan extraction procedures require lengthy extraction periods and are characterized by poor product purity and yields. In this study, a non‐conventional ultrasound‐assisted alkaline extraction method was developed for the effective extraction of xylan from Acacia mearnsii, an industrially relevant hardwood in South Africa. The effect of the additional ultrasonication step on the conventional alkaline extraction of xylan was evaluated. After this, basic structural analysis was conducted on both acacia xylan extracts and commercially available beech‐derived xylan. Composition analysis data showed the acacia‐derived glucuronoxylan to have an Ara:GluA:Xyl ratio of 0.5:1:5, while that from beechwood had a 0:1:4 ratio. Ultrasound‐assisted alkaline extraction also gave a better yield (24%) than conventional alkaline extraction (21%) and had a quicker extraction period of 1 h versus 4 h. Finally, the acacia‐derived xylan exhibited antioxidant potential, with an EC50 value of ≈1.5 mg/mL against 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picryl‐hydrazyl‐hydrate (DPPH). In conclusion, ultrasound‐assisted alkaline extraction was successfully employed to extract high‐purity, bioactive xylan from acacia. The purified acacia xylan is a suitable replacement for birchwood glucuronoxylan, which is no longer commercially available, or for expensive beechwood substitute for numerous applications. © 2023 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining published by Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Maternal diabetes as a teratogenic factor for congenital heart defects in infants of diabetic mothers
Authors: Aloqab Faisal Waheed , Almajed Mohamed Ramzi , Binsanad Noor Arif , Al Amer Saud Rashid , Kalis Neale Nicola
Published: March 2023

Background

Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are shown to have an association with maternal diabetes mellitus. The Bahraini population has a high prevalence of diabetes 16.3% thus putting it at increased risk of developing CHDs in infants of diabetic mothers (IDMs).

Objective

Describing the prevalence of CHDs in IDM in the Kingdom of Bahrain.

Design

A retrospective clinical study.

Setting

Bahrain Defense Force Hospital, Kingdom of Bahrain.

Methods

The study took place from January 1998 to January 2020. A history was recorded for all patients who were referred to the only tertiary cardiac center in Bahrain for echocardiography. Data was recorded on an Excel Sheet for analysis. A cardiac anatomy survey was conducted by an experienced pediatric cardiologist for each patient and the defects were categorized into acyanotic and cyanotic lesions.

Results

Five thousand five hundred sixty‐nine patients were referred for cardiac echocardiography. Three thousand two hundred fifty‐six patients were diagnosed with CHDs, 2,987 were non‐IDM whereas 269 were IDM. Patients diagnosed with non‐structural defects were excluded. Atrial septal defect (ASD) was identified in 744 patients and was more likely to occur in non‐IDM (p‐value = .005). Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) was identified in 35 patients and was more likely to occur in IDM (p‐value < .001). Transposition of the great arteries (TGAs) was identified in 80 patients and was more likely to occur in IDM (p‐value .002). Double inlet left ventricle (DILV), Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (HPLHS), and Other Uni‐Ventricular Hearts were all more likely to occur in IDM with p‐values < .05.

Conclusion

This study showed significant association between fetal exposure to diabetes and the development of ASD, HOCM, TGA, DILV, HPLHS, and Other Uni‐Ventricular Hearts.
School health and wellbeing and national education system reform: A qualitative study
Authors: Long Sara Jayne , Hawkins Jemma , Murphy Simon , Moore Graham
Published: March 2023

The education systems of the four UK nations are diverging, and the education system in Wales is undergoing major reform with substantially increased emphasis on health and wellbeing. Understanding the implementation of major policy and system reforms requires an understanding of system histories and starting points. This study aimed to explore the perceived roles of schools in contemporary society, and how this role has evolved over time; the aims of the reforms, with a particular focus on health and wellbeing; and perceived barriers and facilitators for implementation. Interviews were held with senior stakeholders in the Welsh education system who held a strategic role in shaping the reforms. These included senior members of government and schools with a remit in either design of the curriculum or educationalists’ professional learning, Wales's school regulatory body, and those with a multidisciplinary remit in health and education. Interviews were subjected to thematic analysis, which produced a number of themes related to each objective, including ‘a changing society and increasing expectations on schools’, ‘the perceived role of schools in supporting health and wellbeing’, ‘the aims of the reform’, ‘what will success look like?’, ‘national level barriers and facilitators’ and ‘community and school level barriers and facilitators’. Findings suggest that education system reform requires change at multiple levels of the education system. Consideration of each level, and the interactions between them, is necessary for achieving change.
Exploring educational policy transfer: A structure–agency perspective
Authors: Yang Yijun
Published: March 2023

This study presents some of the current methodological issues regarding the analysis and comprehension of educational policy transfer, with particular emphasis on the issue of structure and agency. It suggests some shortcomings of current educational policy transfer research in dealing with the complex interaction between structure and agency. To fill those voids, drawing from Archer's morphogenetic approach in educational policy transfer, an alternative framework of educational policy transfer is presented. A case from the author's current research on China's interest in Japanese vocational education during the late Qing Dynasty is given to explain the usage of this new interpretive framework. It is hoped that this new conceptual framework will aid in analysing educational policy transfer and open up a new methodological and theoretical space for future educational policy transfer research.
Molecular docking of novel donor–π–acceptor dicyanomethylenedihydrofuran‐based fluorescent chromophores
Authors: Albalawi Marzough Aziz
Published: March 2023

A series of donor–π–acceptor dicyanomethylenedihydrofuran (DCDHF)‐based chromophores comprising different π‐aryl bridges and different terminal groups was synthesized and characterized. The chromophores were synthesized via Knoevenagel condensation of the active methyl‐bearing DCDHF (electron acceptor) with a tertiary amine‐containing arylaldehyde (electron donor) in dry pyridine at room temperature in the presence of a few drops of acetic acid. The synthesis approach involved the development of phenyl(thienyl)vinyl‐bridged dicyanomethylenedihydrofuran dyes with a tertiary amine terminal group. Both absorption and emission spectra were explored. The strong emission properties detected using the synthesized chromophores could be attributed to intramolecular charge transfer. The chemical structures of the synthesized chromophores were verified using 1H/13C nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Both tertiary amine‐containing and arylaldehyde groups were found to influence the biological properties of the synthesized chromophores. The synthesized (DCDHF)‐based hybrids were tested to examine antibacterial effectiveness. Derivatives 1 and 2 demonstrated activity towards Gram‐positive bacteria rather than Gram‐negative bacteria when compared with an amoxicillin antibiotic reference. Finally, molecular docking inspiration was undertaken to determine their binding relationships (PDB code: 1LNZ).
Electro‐optical behaviour of CuFe2O4@rGO nanocomposite for nonenzymatic detection of uric acid via the electrochemical method
Authors: Verma Rahul , Singh Kshitij RB , Verma Ranjana , Singh Jay
Published: March 2023

Uric acid (UA) is a blood and urine component obtained as a metabolic by‐product of purine nucleotides. Abnormalities in UA metabolism cause crystal deposition as monosodium urate and lead to various diseases such as gout, hyperuricemia, Lesch–Nyhan syndrome, etc. Monitoring these diseases requires a rapid, sensitive, selective, and portable detection approach. Therefore, this study demonstrates the hydrothermal synthesis of CuFe2O4/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposite for selective detection of UA. After the nanocomposite synthesis, characterization was performed by X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV–visible spectrometry, atomic force spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and electrochemical analysis. Furthermore, from the electrochemical analysis using cyclic voltammetry (CV), kinetic studies were carried out by varying the scan rate to obtain the diffusion coefficient, surface concentration, and rate of charge transfer to achieve a calibration curve that indicates the quasi reversible nature of the fabricated electrode with a linear regression coefficient of oxidation (R2: 0.9992) and reduction (R2: 0.9971) peaks. Moreover, the fabricated nonenzymatic amperometric sensor to detect UA with a linearity (R2: 0.9989) of 1–400 μM was highly sensitive (2.75 × 10−4 mAμM−1 cm−2) and had a lower limit of detection (0.01231 μM) at pH 7.5 in phosphate‐buffered saline solution. Therefore, the CuFe2O4/rGO/ITO‐based nonenzymatic sensor could detect interfering agents and spiked real bovine serum samples with higher sensitivity and selectivity for UA detection.
Impact of dual‐baculovirus infection on the Sf9 insect cell transcriptome during rAAV production using single‐cell RNA‐seq
Authors: Virgolini Nikolaus , Silvano Marco , Hagan Ryan , Correia Ricardo , Alves Paula M. , Clarke Colin , Roldão António , Isidro Inês A.
Published: March 2023

The insect cell‐baculovirus expression vector system (IC‐BEVS) has shown to be a powerful platform to produce complex biopharmaceutical products, such as recombinant proteins and virus‐like particles. More recently, IC‐BEVS has also been used as an alternative to produce recombinant adeno‐associated virus (rAAV). However, little is known about the variability of insect cell populations and the potential effect of heterogeneity (e.g., stochastic infection process and differences in infection kinetics) on product titer and/or quality. In this study, transcriptomics analysis of Sf9 insect cells during the production of rAAV of serotype 2 (rAAV2) using a low multiplicity of infection, dual‐baculovirus system was performed via single‐cell RNA‐sequencing (scRNA‐seq). Before infection, the principal source of variability in Sf9 insect cells was associated with the cell cycle. Over the course of infection, an increase in transcriptional heterogeneity was detected, which was linked to the expression of baculovirus genes as well as to differences in rAAV transgenes (rep, cap and gfp) expression. Noteworthy, at 24 h post‐infection, only 29.4% of cells enclosed all three necessary rAAV transgenes to produce packed rAAV2 particles, indicating limitations of the dual‐baculovirus system. In addition, the trajectory analysis herein performed highlighted that biological processes such as protein folding, metabolic processes, translation, and stress response have been significantly altered upon infection. Overall, this work reports the first application of scRNA‐seq to the IC‐BEVS and highlights significant variations in individual cells within the population, providing insight into the rational cell and process engineering toward improved rAAV2 production in IC‐BEVS.
Enhanced bioprocess control to advance the manufacture of mesenchymal stromal cell‐derived extracellular vesicles in stirred‐tank bioreactors
Authors: Costa Marta H. G. , Costa Margarida S. , Painho Beatriz , Sousa Carolina D. , Carrondo Inês , Oltra Enrique , Pelacho Beatriz , Prosper Felipe , Isidro Inês A. , Alves Paula , Serra Margarida
Published: March 2023

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) act as signaling mediators of cellular responses. However, despite representing a promising alternative to cell‐based therapies, clinical translation of EVs is currently limited by their lack of scalability and standardized bioprocessing. Herein, we integrated scalable downstream processing protocols with standardized expansion of large numbers of viable cells in stirred‐tank bioreactors to improve EV production. Higher EV yields were linked to EV isolation by tangential flow filtration followed by size exclusion chromatography, rendering 5 times higher number of EVs comparatively to density gradient ultracentrifugation protocols. Additionally, when compared to static culture, EV manufacture in bioreactors resulted in 2.2 higher yields. Highlighting the role of operating under optimal cell culture conditions to maximize the number of EVs secreted per cell, MSCs cultured at lower glucose concentration favored EV secretion. While offline measurements of metabolites concentration can be performed, in this work, Raman spectroscopy was also applied to continuously track glucose levels in stirred‐tank bioreactors, contributing to streamline the selection of optimal EV collection timepoints. Importantly, MSC‐derived EVs retained their quality attributes and were able to stimulate angiogenesis in vitro, therefore highlighting their promising therapeutic potential.
Waffle‐inspired hydrogel‐based macrodevice for spatially controlled distribution of encapsulated therapeutic microtissues and pro‐angiogenic endothelial cells
Authors: Pham Chi H. L. , Zuo Yicong , Chen Yang , Tran Nam M. , Nguyen Dang T. , Dang Tram T.
Published: March 2023

Macro‐encapsulation systems for delivery of cellular therapeutics in diabetes treatment offer major advantages such as device retrievability and high cell packing density. However, microtissue aggregation and absence of vasculature have been implicated in the inadequate transfer of nutrients and oxygen to the transplanted cellular grafts. Herein, we develop a hydrogel‐based macrodevice to encapsulate therapeutic microtissues positioned in homogeneous spatial distribution to mitigate their aggregation while concurrently supporting an organized intra‐device network of vascular‐inductive cells. Termed Waffle‐inspired Interlocking Macro‐encapsulation (WIM) device, this platform comprises two modules with complementary topography features that fit together in a lock‐and‐key configuration. The waffle‐inspired grid‐like micropattern of the “lock” component effectively entraps insulin‐secreting microtissues in controlled locations while the interlocking design places them in a co‐planar spatial arrangement with close proximity to vascular‐inductive cells. The WIM device co‐laden with INS‐1E microtissues and human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) maintains desirable cellular viability in vitro with the encapsulated microtissues retaining their glucose‐responsive insulin secretion while embedded HUVECs express pro‐angiogenic markers. Furthermore, a subcutaneously implanted alginate‐coated WIM device encapsulating primary rat islets achieves blood glucose control for 2 weeks in chemically induced diabetic mice. Overall, this macrodevice design lays foundation for a cell delivery platform, which has the potential to facilitate nutrients and oxygen transport to therapeutic grafts and thereby might lead to improved disease management outcome.
Cancer‐associated fibroblast‐derived secreted phosphoprotein 1 contributes to resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma to sorafenib and lenvatinib
Authors: Eun Jung Woo , Yoon Jung Hwan , Ahn Hye Ri , Kim Seokhwi , Kim Young Bae , Lim Su Bin , Park Won , Kang Tae Wook , Baek Geum Ok , Yoon Moon Gyeong , Son Ju A , Weon Ji Hyang , Kim Soon Sun , Cho Hyo Jung , Cheong Jae Youn
Published: March 2023

Background

Cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play an important role in the induction of chemo‐resistance. This study aimed to clarify the mechanism underlying CAF‐mediated resistance to two tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), sorafenib and lenvatinib, and to identify a novel therapeutic target for overcoming TKI resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods

We performed a systematic integrative analysis of publicly available gene expression datasets and whole‐transcriptome sequencing data from 9 pairs of CAFs and para‐cancer fibroblasts isolated from human HCC and para‐tumor tissues, respectively, to identify key molecules that might induce resistance to TKIs. We then performed in vitro and in vivo experiments to validate selected targets and related mechanisms. The associations of plasma secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) expression levels before sorafenib/lenvatinib treatment with progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of 54 patients with advanced HCC were evaluated using Kaplan‐Meier and Cox regression analysis.

Results

Bioinformatic analysis identified CAF‐derived SPP1 as a candidate molecule driving TKI resistance. SPP1 inhibitors reversed CAF‐induced TKI resistance in vitro and in vivo. CAF‐derived SPP1 activated rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma (RAF)/mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) through the integrin‐protein kinase C‐alpha (PKCα) signaling pathway and promoted epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). A high plasma SPP1 level before TKI treatment was identified as an independent predictor of poor PFS (P = 0.026) and OS (P = 0.047) in patients with advanced HCC after TKI treatment.

Conclusions

CAF‐derived SPP1 enhances TKI resistance in HCC via bypass activation of oncogenic signals and EMT promotion. Its inhibition represents a promising therapeutic strategy against TKI resistance in HCC. Moreover, plasma SPP1 level before TKI treatment represents a potential biomarker for treatment response prediction.
Kounis syndrome following multiple wasp stings: A case report
Authors: Basnet Angela , Khadka Manoj , Alismail Abdullah , Shrestha Dhan Bahadur , Thapa Ashok
Published: March 2023

This is a case of Kounis syndrome with chest tightness, lightheadedness, unconsciousness, and features of shock following multiple wasp stings. Despite cardiopulmonary resuscitation and management of allergic and cardiac symptoms, the patient died. Kounis syndrome should be suspected when a patient presents with allergic symptoms and acute coronary syndrome.
Mycophenolate mofetil–induced hyperlipidemia with cutaneous manifestations
Authors: Yim Rebecca M. , Sahni Vikram N. , Mathis Jason G.
Published: March 2023

We report a case of a 49 year old woman who developed biopsy‐proven xanthomas on her hands and arms after initiation of Mycophenolate mofetil therapy for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and subsequently went into remission upon cessation of the medication.
“All‐on‐4” and “All‐on‐6” treatment concept applied using computer‐guided surgery in a patient: Case report with a 2‐year follow‐up
Authors: Albaqawi Ahmed Heji
Published: March 2023

This case aimed to assess the clinical and radiographic outcomes of the All‐on‐4 and the All‐on‐6 concept using three‐dimensional computer‐assisted treatment planning, and computer‐guided surgery. Two years after the treatment, the “All‐on‐4” and “All‐on‐6” concepts provided effective treatment for immediate restoration and showed predictable outcomes in a completely edentulous patient.
Interpreting Image‐based Profiles using Similarity Clustering and Single‐Cell Visualization
Authors: Garcia‐Fossa Fernanda , Cruz Mario Costa , Haghighi Marzieh , de Jesus Marcelo Bispo , Singh Shantanu , Carpenter Anne E. , Cimini Beth A.
Published: March 2023

Image‐based profiling quantitatively assesses the effects of perturbations on cells by capturing a breadth of changes via microscopy. Here, we provide two complementary protocols to help explore and interpret data from image‐based profiling experiments. In the first protocol, we examine the similarity among perturbed cell samples using data from compounds that cluster by their mechanisms of action. The protocol includes steps to examine feature‐driving differences between samples and to visualize correlations between features and treatments to create interpretable heatmaps using the open‐source web tool Morpheus. In the second protocol, we show how to interactively explore images together with the numerical data, and we provide scripts to create visualizations of representative single cells and image sites to understand how changes in features are reflected in the images. Together, these two tutorials help researchers interpret image‐based data to speed up research. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Exploratory analysis of profile similarities and driving features

Basic Protocol 2: Image and single‐cell visualization following profile interpretation
Board gender diversity and corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure in different disclosure environments
Authors: Temiz Hüseyin , Acar Merve
Published: March 2023

This study investigates the firms' CSR disclosure by considering the joint effects of board gender diversity and secrecy culture in an international setting. Building on a sample of 14,185 firm‐year observations from 43 countries during 2010–2019, this study shows that while board gender diversity and CSR disclosure are positively associated, countries' secrecy levels negatively affect CSR disclosure. However, we provide evidence that the higher female representation on the board of directors significantly attenuates the restrictive role of secrecy culture on the CSR disclosure level. In other words, the suppressive effect of national secrecy on CSR disclosure weakens firms with higher gender diversity on the board of directors. Our results are robust to several sensitivity checks and endogeneity problems. This study suggests that the reducing effects of national secrecy culture on firms' CSR disclosure level can be attenuated by utilizing internal governance mechanisms such as board gender diversity.
A simple signal extraction‐based online real‐time diagnosis approach for interturn short‐circuit fault of permanent magnet motor
Authors: Hsu Hsien‐Yuan , Lo Tzu‐Yang , Hsieh Min‐Fu
Published: March 2023

A fast and reliable interturn short circuit (ITSC) diagnosis system is necessary to secure safe operations of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) for its widespread applications in industrial automation and electric vehicles. This paper develops a simple online real‐time technique based on signal extraction to detect the ITSC fault in the PMSM. Some popular diagnosis methods involving machine learning or instantaneous power information may require large computing resources, data storage, or extra sensing devices for data collection. This makes it difficult to fulfill online and self‐detection of ITSC faults in motor drive systems. This paper makes use of the second‐order harmonic components indq‐axis current for diagnosis when they occur due to ITSC faults. Through the developed amplitude‐tracking algorithm, the diagnosis can be implemented by using a common digital signal processor without complex algorithms and additional hardware or sensors. Therefore, it is suitable for low‐cost and remote applications where self‐detection is needed. The proposed method is validated by finite element analysis and measurements with a hardware‐in‐the‐loop toolkit. It is found that the method successfully detects a short circuit fault with only one out of 54 turns in one phase of the motor (1.9%).
Cerebrospinal fluid YKL‐40 level evolution is associated with autoimmune encephalitis remission
Authors: Dorcet Guillaume , Benaiteau Marie , Pariente Jérémie , Ory‐Magne Fabienne , Cheuret Emmanuel , Rafiq Marie , Brooks Wesley , Puissant‐Lubrano Bénédicte , Fortenfant Françoise , Renaudineau Yves , Bost Chloé
Published: March 2023

Objective

Because of its heterogeneity in clinical presentation and course, predicting autoimmune encephalitis (AIE) evolution remains challenging. Hence, our aim was to explore the correlation of several biomarkers with the clinical course of disease.

Methods

Thirty‐seven cases of AIE were selected retrospectively and divided into active (N = 9), improved (N = 12) and remission (N = 16) AIE according to their disease evolution. Nine proteins were tested in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at diagnosis (T0) and during the follow‐up (T1), in particular activated MMP‐9 (MMP‐9A) and YKL‐40 (or chitinase 3‐like 1).

Results

From diagnosis to revaluation, AIE remission was associated with decreased YKL‐40 and MMP‐9A levels in the CSF, and with decreased NfL and NfH levels in the serum. The changes in YKL‐40 concentrations in the CSF were associated with (1) still active AIE when increasing >10% (P‐value = 0.0093); (2) partial improvement or remission when the changes were between +9% and −20% (P‐value = 0.0173); and remission with a reduction > −20% (P‐value = 0.0072; overall difference between the three groups: P‐value = 0.0088). At T1, the CSF YKL‐40 levels were significantly decreased between active and improved as well as improved and remission AIE groups but with no calculable threshold because of patient heterogeneity.

Conclusion

The concentration of YKL‐40, a cytokine‐like proinflammatory protein produced by glial cells, is correlated in the CSF with the clinical course of AIE. Its introduction as a biomarker may assist in following disease activity and in evaluating therapeutic response.
DR‐NAP: Data reduction strategy using neural adaptation phenomenon in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Kavitha A. , Guravaiah Koppala , Leela Velusamy R. , Suseela S. , Kumar Dhilip
Published: March 2023

Internet of Things (IoT) has got significant popularity among the researchers' community as they have been applied in numerous application domains. Most of the IoT applications are implemented with the help of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). These WSNs use different sensor nodes with a limited battery power supply. Hence, the energy of the sensor node is considered as one of the primary constraints of WSN. Besides, data communication in WSN dissipates more energy than processing the data. In most WSNs applications, the sensed data generated from the same location sensor nodes are identical or time‐series/periodical data. This redundant data transmission leads to more energy consumption. To reduce the energy consumption, a data reduction strategy using neural adaptation phenomenon (DR‐NAP) has been proposed to decrease the communication energy in routing data to the BS in WSN. The neural adaptation phenomenon has been utilized for designing a simple data reduction scheme to decrease the amount of data transmitted. In this way, the sensor node energy is saved and the lifetime of the network is enhanced. The proposed approach has been implanted in the existing gravitational search algorithm (GSA)‐based clustered routing for WSN. The sensed data are transmitted to CH and BS using DR‐NAP. Real sensor data from the Intel Berkeley Research lab have been used for conducting the experiments. The experiment results show 47.82% and 51.96% of improvement in network lifetime when compared with GSA‐based clustered routing and clustering scheme using Canada Geese Migration Principle (CS‐CGMP) for routing, respectively.
Transgender congruence, body appreciation, body dissatisfaction, and disordered eating in Chinese transgender adults
Authors: Barnhart Wesley R. , Cui Shuqi , Cui Tianxiang , Hong Dinan , He Jinbo
Published: March 2023

Objective

Ample evidence shows that transgender congruence is negatively associated with body dissatisfaction and disordered eating in the Western context; however, limited research has explored these relationships in non‐Western populations (e.g., Chinese transgender adults). Moreover, to our knowledge, there has been no research describing disordered eating in Chinese transgender adults. Thus, this study aimed to explore group differences in and relationships between transgender congruence, body appreciation, body dissatisfaction, and disordered eating in Chinese transgender adults.

Methods

This study examined transgender congruence, body appreciation, body dissatisfaction, and disordered eating in a sample of Chinese transgender adults (N = 200). Chi‐square, F tests, and correlation analyses were conducted to examine group differences and relationships between study variables.

Results

Of the transgender adults, 31.0% screened positive as probable eating disorder (ED) cases. There were no gender identity differences in the study variables. Transgender congruence was positively associated body appreciation (r = .40, p < .001) and negatively associated with body dissatisfaction (r = −.26, p < .001) and disordered eating (r = −.15, p = .031).

Discussion

Chinese transgender adults may be at high risk of EDs. Transgender congruence and body appreciation may serve a protective role in the context of eating pathology in Chinese transgender adults. Future research is needed to validate the observed relationships between transgender congruence, body appreciation, body dissatisfaction, and disordered eating in Chinese transgender adults.

Public Significance

Research on disordered eating and body image in Chinese transgender adults is limited. This study describes disordered eating and its relations with transgender congruence, body appreciation, and body dissatisfaction in Chinese transgender adults. Findings highlight the need for and implications of ED intervention in Chinese transgender adults.
Revealing the Role of Defect in 3D Graphene‐Based Photocatalytic Composite for Efficient Elimination of Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Combined Pollution
Authors: Wang Xin , Zhang Jingzhe , Wang Hui , Liang Mengjun , Wang Qiang , Chen Fuming
Published: March 2023

Defect engineering can give birth to novel properties for adsorption and photocatalysis in the control of antibiotics and heavy metal combined pollution with photocatalytic composites. However, the role of defects and the process mechanism are complicated and indefinable. Herein, TiO2/CN/3DG was fabricated and defects were introduced into the tripartite structure with separate O2 plasma treatment for the single component. We find that defect engineering can improve the photocatalytic activity, attributing to the increase of the contribution from h+ and OH. In contrast to TiO2/CN/3DG with a photocatalytic tetracycline removal rate of 75.2%, the removal rate of TC with D‐TiO2/CN/3DG has increased to 88.5%. Moreover, the reactive sites of tetracycline can be increased by adsorbing on the defective composites. The defect construction on TiO2 shows the advantages in tetracycline degradation and Cu2+ adsorption, but also suffers significant inhibition for the tetracycline degradation in a tetracycline/Cu2+ combined system. In contrast, the defect construction on graphene can achieve the cooperative removal of tetracycline and Cu2+. These findings can provide new insights into water treatment strategies with defect engineering.
Characteristics and outcomes of patients with a history of cancer recruited to heart failure trials
Authors: Dobbin Stephen J.H. , Shen Li , Petrie Mark C. , Packer Milton , Solomon Scott D. , McMurray John J.V. , Lang Ninian N. , Jhund Pardeep S.
Published: March 2023

Aims

Heart failure (HF) therapy trials usually exclude cancer patients. We examined the association between cancer history and outcomes in trial participants with HF and reduced (HFrEF) or preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).

Methods and results

We combined PARADIGM‐HF and ATMOSPHERE, which enrolled HFrEF patients (n = 15 415) and we pooled HFpEF patients (ejection fraction ≥45%) enrolled in PARAGON‐HF and CHARM‐Preserved (n = 7363). The associations between cancer history, cardiovascular (CV) death, HF hospitalization, non‐CV and all‐cause death in these trials were examined. Incident cancer diagnoses during these trials were also measured. There were 658 (4.3%) and 624 (8.5%) patients with a cancer history in the HFrEF and HFpEF trials, respectively. HFrEF patients with a cancer history had a higher risk of HF hospitalization (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.28; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07–1.52, p = 0.007) and non‐CV death (adjusted HR 1.57; 95% CI 1.16–2.12, p = 0.003) than those without. The risks of other outcomes were similar. There were no differences in the risk of any outcome in HFpEF patients with and without a cancer history. Adjusting for age and sex, the incidence of new cancer in the HFrEF and HFpEF trials was 1.09 (95% CI 0.83–1.36) and 1.07 (95% CI 0.81–1.32) per 100 person‐years, respectively.

Conclusions

Although participants in HFrEF trials with a cancer history had higher risks of HF hospitalization and non‐CV death than those without, the risks of CV and all‐cause death were similar. Outcomes in HFpEF patients with and without a cancer history were similar. Incident cancer diagnoses were similar in HFrEF and HFpEF trials.
Effect of the Insecticide Chlorpyrifos on Behavioral and Metabolic Aspects of the Spider Polybetes pythagoricus
Authors: Molina Gabriel , Laino Aldana , Arrighetti Florencia , Lacava Mariangeles , Romero Sofia , Mijailovsky Sergio , Garcia Carlos Fernando
Published: March 2023

The toxicity of pesticides to organisms depends on the total amount of chemical exposure. Toxicity can be minimized if the organism recognizes the pesticide and alters its behavior. Furthermore, the physical barrier of cuticular hydrocarbons can prevent the entrance of the pesticide into the organism. Finally, if the pesticide enters the body, the organism experiences physiological changes favoring detoxification and the maintenance of homeostasis. We analyzed the behavioral and metabolic response of the spider Polybetes pythagoricus at different times of exposure to the organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos. First we observed that the individuals are capable of recognizing and avoiding surfaces treated with pesticides based on a behavioral analysis. Subsequently, we characterized cuticular hydrocarbons as a possible barrier against pesticides. Then we observed that the pesticide provoked histological damage, mainly at the level of the midgut diverticula. Finally, we analyzed the activity of several of the spider's enzymes linked to oxidative stress after exposure to chlorpyrifos for different lengths of time (6, 24, and 48 h). We observed that catalase activity was high at the start, whereas the activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase changed significantly at 48 h. Lipid peroxidation became high at 6 h, but decreased at 48 h. In conclusion, although P. pythagoricus can avoid contact with chlorpyrifos, this pesticide causes activation of the antioxidant system when it enters the body. Our results make a significant contribution to the ecotoxicology of spiders. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1293–1308. © 2023 SETAC
Reversibility of Thyroid Hormone System–Disrupting Effects on Eye and Thyroid Follicle Development in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos
Authors: Pannetier Pauline , Poulsen Rikke , Gölz Lisa , Coordes Sara , Stegeman Hanna , Koegst Johannes , Reger Luisa , Braunbeck Thomas , Hansen Martin , Baumann Lisa
Published: March 2023

Early vertebrate development is partially regulated by thyroid hormones (THs). Environmental pollutants that interact with the TH system (TH system–disrupting chemicals [THSDCs]) can have massively disrupting effects on this essential phase. Eye development of fish is directly regulated by THs and can, therefore, be used as a thyroid-related endpoint in endocrine disruptor testing. To evaluate the effects of THSDC-induced eye malformations during early development, zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were exposed for 5 days postfertilization (dpf) to either propylthiouracil, a TH synthesis inhibitor, or tetrabromobisphenol A, which interacts with TH receptors. Subsequently, one half of the embryos were exposed further to the THSDCs until 8 dpf, while the other half of the embryos were raised in clean water for 3 days to check for reversibility of effects. Continued THSDC exposure altered eye size and pigmentation and induced changes in the cellular structure of the retina. This correlated with morphological alterations of thyroid follicles as revealed by use of a transgenic zebrafish line. Interestingly, effects were partly reversible after a recovery period as short as 3 days. Results are consistent with changes in TH levels measured in different tissues of the embryos, for example, in the eyes. The results show that eye development in zebrafish embryos is very sensitive to THSDC treatment but able to recover quickly from early exposure by effective repair mechanisms. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1276–1292. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Physical quality of gluten‐free doughs and fresh pasta made of amaranth
Authors: Lux (née Bantleon) Tanja , Spillmann Frauke , Reimold Frederike , Erdös Adam , Lochny Annekathrin , Flöter Eckhard
Published: March 2023

Pasta is one of the most consumed foods in the world. Therefore, the development and investigation of the quality parameters of fresh gluten‐free pasta made from amaranth was the subject of this study. For this purpose, different doughs (amaranth flour: water 1:2, 1:4, 1:6, 1:8, 1:10) were heat‐treated and sodium alginate (1.0 and 1.5%) was added. The pasta was produced by extrusion into a 0.1 M calcium L‐lactate pentahydrate‐containing bath. Both the dough and the pasta were examined. The doughs for its viscosity properties, water content, and color and the pasta for its firmness, color, water content, water absorption, cooking loss, and swelling index. The pasta was cooked for 5, 10, and 15 min for the cooking quality study. A higher alginate content of 1.5% and a higher proportion of amaranth flour resulted in a significant difference in color, water content, and shear‐dependent viscosity of the dough (p < .001). It was also found that both doughs with amaranth flour‐water content of 1:2 and 1:10 had significant effects on processing properties and pasta quality, especially on firmness, swelling index, and cooking loss. For the doughs with a 1:2 ratio, the high flour content resulted in very soft pasta, and for the doughs with a 1:10 ratio, the high‐water content resulted in very firm pasta with a smooth, watery surface. Overall, cooking loss, swelling index, and water absorption were low for the pasta with 1.5% alginate. Even with cooking times of 15 min, the pasta retained its shape.
The effects of purslane consumption on glycemic control and oxidative stress: A systematic review and dose–response meta‐analysis
Authors: Jafari Naser , Shoaibinobarian Nargeskhatoon , Dehghani Azadeh , Rad Amirhosein , Mirmohammadali Seyedeh Nooshan , Alaeian Mohammad Javad , Hamedi Yasaman , Zamani Mohamad , Goudarzi Mohammad Ali , Asbaghi Omid
Published: March 2023

Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) is a herbal remedy with wide range of pharmaceutic properties. Although the beneficial effect of purslane on the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) has been shown, there is an inconsistency among the results of previous studies. Therefore, this study is aimed at conducting a systematic review and meta‐analysis on the effect of purslane on glycemic profile and oxidative stress markers. A systematic search was performed in the Scopus, Web of science, PubMed and the Cochrane Library to find articles related to the effect of the purslane on Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), insulin resistance, Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA‐IR) up to September 2022. Among the 611 initial studies that were identified from searching electronic databases, 16 Randomized Clinical Trials (RCTs) involving 1122 participants (557 cases and 565 controls) were included for data analysis. The results of random‐effects modeling demonstrated that purslane consumption significantly reduced FBS (p < .001), MDA (p < .001) and increased TAC (p < .001). However, purslane consumption did not affect HbA1c (p < .109), fasting insulin (p = .298) and HOMA‐IR (p = .382). Meta‐analyses were performed using both the random‐ and fixed‐effects model where appropriate, and I2 index was used to evaluate the heterogeneity. This meta‐analysis study suggests that purslane has beneficial effects on oxidative stress markers and glycemic parameter. Therefore, it may be a promising adjuvant therapy in T2DM because of its benefits and negligible adverse effects.
Effects on resting‐state EEG phase‐amplitude coupling in insomnia disorder patients following 1 Hz left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex rTMS
Authors: Guo Yongjian , Zhao Xumeng , Zhang Xiaozi , Li Minpeng , Liu Xiaoyang , Lu Ling , Liu Jiayi , Li Yan , Zhang Shan , Yue Lirong , Li Jun , Liu Jixin , Zhu Yuanqiang , Zhu Yifei , Sheng Xiaona , Yu Dahua , Yuan Kai
Published: March 2023

Despite burgeoning evidence for cortical hyperarousal in insomnia disorder, the existing results on electroencephalography spectral features are highly heterogeneous. Phase‐amplitude coupling, which refers to the modulation of the low‐frequency phase to a high‐frequency amplitude, is probably a more sensitive quantitative measure for characterizing abnormal neural oscillations and explaining the therapeutic effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of patients with insomnia disorder. Sixty insomnia disorder patients were randomly divided into the active and sham treatment groups to receive 4 weeks of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment. Behavioral assessments, resting‐state electroencephalography recordings, and sleep polysomnography recordings were performed before and after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment. Forty good sleeper controls underwent the same assessment. We demonstrated that phase‐amplitude coupling values in the frontal and temporal lobes were weaker in Insomnia disorder patients than in those with good sleeper controls at baseline and that phase‐amplitude coupling values near the intervention area were significantly enhanced after active repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment. Furthermore, the enhancement of phase‐amplitude coupling values was significantly correlated with the improvement of sleep quality. This study revealed the potential of phase‐amplitude coupling in assessing the severity of insomnia disorder and the efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment, providing new insights on the abnormal physiological mechanisms and future treatments for insomnia disorder.