bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of moderate endurance training on gastrocnemius retinol-binding protein 4 and insulin resistance in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Authors: Yousefi Mohammad-Reza , TaheriChadorneshin Hossein
Published: December 2017

Background

Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is suggested to be involved in the occurrence of insulin resistance. There are contradictory studies about the effects of exercise training on RBP4 levels and insulin resistance. Hence, we designed this study to investigate the impact of moderate endurance training on gastrocnemius RBP4 and insulin resistance in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.

Method

Forty male albino Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: healthy control (HC), diabetic control (DC), healthy training (HT), and diabetic training (DT). Animals in HT and DT groups ran on a treadmill on the basis of overload principle for 6 weeks, three sessions per week. Rats in DC and DT groups are affected by diabetes using STZ (50 mg/kg of body weight). Gastrocnemius RBP4 content was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance at P < 0.05 level.

Results

Serum blood glucose level (P = 0.001) and insulin resistance (P = 0.001) increased in DC compared with HC group, whereas serum insulin (P = 0.001) and gastrocnemius RBP4 (P = 0.001) reduced. However, there were no significant differences between serum blood glucose level (P = 0.384), insulin resistance (P = 0.999), and RBP4 (P = 0.999) content in DT compared with HT group.

Conclusion

Moderate endurance training reduces blood glucose level and subsequently improves insulin sensitivity by decreasing gastrocnemius RBP4 content independent of insulin.
Transvaginal extraction of laparoscopic liver resection specimen
Authors: Ersan Veysel , Kayaalp Cuneyt , Aktas Aydin , Gundogan Ersin , Teomete Uygar , Sumer Fatih , Karagul Servet
Published: December 2017

The application of laparoscopic surgery via the vagina has been introduced at the beginning of this millennium. Here, we report a case of transvaginal extraction of a laparoscopic hepatectomy specimen. An exophytic liver mass originated from segment VI in a 24-year-old female was excised with laparoscopic technique using four trocars (0.5–1.2 cm sizes). The specimen (11 × 8.5 cm) was removed transvaginally instead of an abdominal incision. To the best of our knowledge, only six similar cases have been previously reported, with a patient age range of 32–74 years. Our case, due to younger age, had high cosmetic expectations. Specific to this case, we aimed a better aesthetic outcomes and better convalescence period and, we achieved these objectives. We believe that patient selection and experience on natural orifice specimen extraction were the keys to the success of the operation. We shared this technique with a video presentation.
High level of specific anti-plasmodium falciparum merozoite IgG1 antibodies in rural asymptomatic individuals of dienga, south-eastern Gabon
Authors: Pegha-Moukandja Irène , Imboumy-Limoukou Roméo-Karl , Tchitoula-Makaya Nina , Mouinga-Ondeme Augustin-Ghislain , Biteghe-Bi-Essone Jean Claude , Mba Dieudonne Nkoghe , Lekana-Douki Jean-Bernard , Ndouo Fousseyni S. Toure
Published: December 2017

Plasmodium falciparum merozoite antigens (PfMAgs) play an essential role in the development of immunity to malaria. Currently, P. falciparum: protein 113 (Pf 113), apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1), erythrocyte binding antigens (EBA175), and reticulocyte binding protein homologue 5 (RH5) are among the most PfMAgs studied. A comparative analysis of naturally acquired antibodies against these antigens in children would increase our knowledge about the development of protective immunity.

Analysis of antibodies to Pf113, PfAMA1, PfEBA175, and PfRH5 was conducted in rural population during 2013 and 2014. Both prevalence and levels of total IgG anti-PfAMA1 were higher than that of IgG anti-PfEBA175, anti-PfRH5, and anti-Pf113. Seroconversion to PfAMA1 and PfEBA175 occurred moderately in young children and reached to the maximum in adolescent and in adults. High prevalence of IgG anti-Pf113 was observed in young children of 3 to 6 years old in 2013. The four antigens were recognized by IgG 1, 2, 3, and 4 antibodies from a large proportion of the subjects, and all of them induced high levels of specific IgG1 against PfAMA1, PfEBA175, fewer by Pf113 and PfRH5.

Many asymptomatic children had specific IgG1 recognizing multiple antigens, and these IgG1 antibodies could be associated with a reduced risk of developing malaria symptoms.
Az új, csökkentett dózisú, hazai gyártású influenzavakcina (FluArt) forgalomba hozatalát követő első szezonjának biztonságossági vizsgálata
Authors: Vajó Péter , Gyurján Orsolya , Szabó Ágnes Mira , Kalabay László , Vajó Zoltán , Torzsa Péter
Published: December 2017

Abstract:

Introduction: The currently licensed seasonal influenza vaccines contain split, subunit or whole virions, typically in amounts of 15 µg hemagglutinin per virus strain for adult and up to 60 µg in elderly patients. Aim: The present study reports safety data of the newly licensed, reduced dose vaccine with 6 µg of hemagglutinin per strain produced by Fluart (Hungary) after its first season on the market. The main objective of enhanced safety surveillance was to detect a potential increase in reactogenicity and allergic events that is intrinsic to the product in near real-time in the earliest vaccinated cohorts. Method: The study methods were based on the Interim guidance on enhanced safety surveillance for seasonal influenza vaccines in the EU by the European Medicines Agency. Statistics: We used the Fisher exact test with 95% confidence intervals. Results: We studied 587 patients and detected a total 24 adverse events, all of which have already been known during the licensing studies of the present vaccine. The frequencies of the adverse events were not different from what had been seen with the previously licensed 15 µg vaccine. Conclusions: Based on the results, the authors conclude that the new, reduced dose vaccine FluArt is safe and tolerable. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(49): 1953–1959.
Effects of Multimedia Vocabulary Annotations and Learning Styles on Vocabulary Learning
Authors: Yeh Yuli , Wang Chai-Wei
Published: December 2017

This first goal of the study described here was to investigate the effectiveness of three types of vocabulary annotations on vocabulary learning for EFL college students in Taiwan: text annotation only, text plus picture, and text plus picture and sound. The second goal of the study was to determine whether learners with certain perceptual learning styles benefited more from a particular type of vocabulary annotations. The perceptual learning styles investigated were auditory, visual-verbal (with text), visual-nonverbal (with pictures), and mixed preferences. The results of the study showed that the version with text plus picture was the most effective type of vocabulary annotation. Perceptual learning styles did not seem to have a significant influence on the effectiveness of vocabulary annotations.
Use of fall cones to determine Atterberg limits: a review
Authors: O'Kelly B. C. , Vardanega P. J. , Haigh S. K.
Published: December 2017

This paper reviews the percussion-cup liquid limit, thread-rolling plastic limit (PL) and various fall-cone and other approaches employed for consistency limit determinations on fine-grained soil, highlighting their use and misuse for soil classification purposes and in existing correlations. As the PL does not correspond to a unique value of remoulded undrained shear strength, there is no scientific reason why PL measurements obtained using the thread-rolling and shear-strength-based fall-cone or extrusion methods should coincide. Various correlations are established relating liquid limit values deduced using the percussion-cup and fall-cone approaches. The significance of differences in the strain-rate dependency on the mobilised fall-cone shear strength is reviewed. The paper concludes with recommendations on the standardisation of international codes and the wider use of the fall-cone approach for soft to medium-stiff clays in establishing the strength variability with changing water content and further index parameters.
Characterisation of the interfacial transition zone in mortars by nanoindentation and scanning electron microscope
Authors: Gao Yueyi , Hu Chuanlin , Zhang Yamei , Li Zongjin , Pan Jinlong
Published: December 2017

This paper aims to characterise the microstructure and the micro-mechanical properties of the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) in mortars at different water/cement ratios by nanoindentation and scanning electron microscope. Through this study, an insight is provided into the link between the microstructure and the micro-mechanical properties of the ITZ. The thickness of the ITZ was determined from the viewpoint of micro-mechanical properties, as well as from the viewpoint of porosity. The results showed that the average elastic modulus of calcium–silicate–hydrate gel present in the ITZ decreases with the increasing water­/cement ratio. Meanwhile, the ratios between the average reduced moduli of the ITZ and the cement paste matrix were quantitatively determined, and the results showed that a lower water/cement ratio led to a thinner ITZ, and a higher ratio between the average reduced moduli of the ITZ and the cement paste matrix.
Precision of cement hydration heat models in capturing the effects of SCMs and retarders
Authors: Chaei Maryam Ghareh , Akbarnezhad Ali , Castel Arnaud , Lloyd Redmond , Keyte Louise , Foster Stephen
Published: December 2017

A major input to numerical simulation models used to predict the risk of early-age thermal cracking in concrete is the hydration heat estimation. The precision of hydration heat estimation models has been extensively verified for different cement compositions in previous studies. However, little has been done to investigate the accuracy of such models for concrete mixes containing supplementary cementitious materials and retarders. This paper presents the results of a series of isothermal calorimetry tests conducted first to investigate the effects of Class F fly ash, ground-granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS) and three commonly used retarders (namely, retarder N, sucrose and citrate) on the heat of hydration profile of Australian general-purpose cement under different curing temperatures of 10, 23 and 30°C, and second to evaluate the precision of the two most commonly used hydration heat models in capturing the effects of fly ash, GGBFS, retarders and curing temperature on the hydration profile. The results reveal the possibility of considerable errors in estimating the hydration heat of concrete mixes containing supplementary cementitious materials and retarders under different curing temperatures, highlighting the need for re-calibration of the existing models for locally used materials to avoid misleading errors in numerical simulation of early-age thermal cracking.
Flexural behaviour of tie-confined self-curing self-compacting concrete
Authors: Swamy Naga Ratna Giri Pallapothu , Rajesh Kumar Garje , Sri Rama Chand Madduru , Rathish Kumar Pancharathi
Published: December 2017

It is known that the deformation capacity is given due importance along with strength in the flexural design of reinforced concrete structures. When a structure is overloaded, adequate deformation capacity available in the structure can ensure safety and is achieved by dissipating excessive energy through plastic hinges. Compaction and curing are most important to achieve requisite strength and durability properties and this is achieved through self-curing self-compacting concretes in the present work. The parameters considered in the study include grade of concrete (Mix A, Mix B), type of curing regime (water curing and self-curing with polyethylene glycol 4000) and type of reinforced section (under-reinforced and over-reinforced beams). Beams of size 1800 mm × 200 mm × 120 mm were cast and tested for flexural strength and the moment–curvature relationships were obtained. It can be inferred from the results that there is a significant difference in the moment–curvature relationships between self-cured and wet-cured specimens. The ultimate moment values of self-cured beams are on a par with water-cured specimens. Optimum dosage of self-curing agents has significantly improved the structural behaviour of self-compacting concrete.
Structural implications of internal swelling reactions in concrete: review and research needs
Authors: Noël Martin , Sanchez Leandro , Tawil Dana
Published: December 2017

The chemical and physical processes associated with alkali–aggregate reaction and delayed ettringite formation, otherwise known as internal swelling reactions (ISRs), have been the subject of considerable research spanning several decades, yet the implications for affected structures are still open to debate. A major knowledge gap currently exists between the diagnosis and prognosis of ISR mechanisms, and the quantification and management of risk associated with ISR expansion in structures. This lack of understanding of the effects of ISRs on structural behaviour may be attributed to the fact that parameters such as confinement, boundary conditions, anisotropy and loading conditions are complex and vary greatly in existing structures. Furthermore, the correlation between the results of microscopic/macroscopic analyses on concrete core samples and the in situ performance of large-scale structures is still not well understood, even at a fundamental level. The aim of this paper is to summarise current knowledge of the structural implications of ISR mechanisms in concrete structures and stimulate a discussion of the importance of pursuing multi-scale experimental testing programs for the assessment of ageing infrastructure. A parametric analysis is included using the software VecTor2.
Thigh Compartment Syndrome, Presentation and Complications
Authors: G. Verwiebe Eric , M. Kanlic Enes , Saller Jeremy , Abdelgawad Amr
Published: December 2017

To describe the patient population, etiology, and complications associated with thigh compartment syndrome (TCS). TCS is a rare (0.3% of trauma patients) condition of elevated pressure within a constrained space that may cause necrosis of all tissues within the compartment resulting in severe local (infection, amputation) and systemic complications (renal insufficiency, even death). Retrospective cohort This study examines the course of treatment of nine consecutive patients with thigh compartment syndrome sustained during an eight-year period at our Level 1 trauma centre, admitting more than 2,000 trauma patients yearly.Patients developing TCS were young (average 34.8 years) and likely to have a vascular injury on presentation (55.5%). A tense and edematous thigh was the most consistent clinical exam finding prompting the compartment release (77.8%). Average time from admission to the operating room was 19.8 ± 6 hours and 3/9 (33%) were noted to have ischemic muscle changes upon compartment releases. Complications ranging from infection to amputation developed in 4/9 (44.4%) patients.TCS is associated with high energy trauma and it is difficult to diagnose in non-cooperative - obtunded and polytrauma patients. Vascular injuries are a common underlying cause and require prompt recognition and team work including surgical intensive care, interventional radiology, vascular and orthopaedic surgery in order to avoid severe medical and legal consequences.
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (mrsa) as a Cause of Nosocomial Wound Infections
Authors: Šiširak Maida , Zvizdić Amra , Hukić Mirsada
Published: December 2017

Postoperative wound infections represent about 16% of hospital-acquired infections. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of nosocomial wound infections. Increased frequency of Methicillin-re- sistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in hospitalized patients and possibility of vancomycin resistance requires permanent control of MRSA spread in the hospital.The purpose of this study was to analyse the frequency of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the swabs taken from the surgical wounds, the presence of MRSA infection in surgical departments and to examine antimicrobial susceptibility of MRSA isolates.Wound swabs were examined from January 2006 to December 2008. The isolates were identified by conventional methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc-diffusion method as per NCCLS guidelines.A total of 5755 wound swabs were examined: 938 (16,3%) swabs were sterile and 4817 (83,7%) were positive. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in 1050 (22,0%) swabs and it was the most common cause of wound infections. MRSA was isolated from 12,4% samples in 2006, from 6,7% samples in 2007 and from 3,7% samples during 2008. Wound infections caused by MRSA dominated in the department of plastic surgery (24,4%) and in the department of orthopaedic surgery (24,1%). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that 73% of MRSA isolates were with the same antibiotic sensitivity pattern (antibiotyp)- sensitive only to vancomycin, tetracycline, fucid acid and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxasole.Our results show decreasing of MRSA infection in the surgical wards. These results appear to be maintained with strategies for preventing nosocomial infection: permanent education, strong application of protocols and urging the implementation of strict infection control policy.
The Coupling of Second Language Learning Motivation and Achievement According to Gender
Authors: Mady Callie , Seiling Alexandra
Published: December 2017

Despite research investigating gender differences in second language motivation, the examination of such differences with a coupling of motivation and achievement evidence is less common. Given that increased motivation is a contributory factor of achievement (e.g., Schmidt et al., 2001) where gender can also be an influencing variable, it is important to examine the influence of gender on motivation and proficiency in second language education. The following article explores the motivation of 87 Grade 6 early French immersion students through the means of a questionnaire, grounded in Gardner’s socio-educational (1985) and MacIntyre’s (1994) willingness to communicate models. Through multiple regression analysis, the questionnaire findings were examined to see, which if any, variables predicted French proficiency as measured through a multi-skills French test.  The female participants outperformed the males in French reading, writing and speaking, whereas only one significant difference was found on the questionnaire items (i.e., language awareness). Although the multiple regression analyses showed both increases and decreases in French achievement according to questionnaire items, where there were significant differences being female was associated with increases in French achievement. These findings offer a gateway to further research, as educators strive to offer quality second language education to all.
The Effect of Junior High School Teachers' Motivation and Willingness to Change on the Diversity of Their Teaching Methods
Authors: Zeid Hanan Abu , Assadi Nabil , Murad Tareq
Published: December 2017

This study attempts examine the influence of motivation and willingness of   teachers to change on the diversity of teaching methods. The research question is: What is the influence of junior school teachers' motivations and willingness to change on the diversity of their teaching instructions? The participants of the study are 50 English teachers of Junior High Schools in Northern Israel. The research instruments were three questionnaires. The research’s findings revealed a significant influence of English teachers of Junior High Schools willingness to change on the diversity of teaching methods; the higher the willingness to change, the diversity in teaching modes increases. Another significant effect was also found between the level of teaching motivation and diversity of teaching methods; teachers with high motivation level reported diversification in teaching methods. A final significant effect of level of general motivation and willingness for change was also found; the willingness for change among teachers of high motivation increased. The main research conclusion is that willingness to change, which is connected to motivation, influences the diversity of teaching methods. Therefore, in order to assimilate changes in teachers’ working modes, like diversifying their teaching methods or in any other way, there is a need to encourage and nurture their motivation.
Brain and Language Specialty: Insights from Aphasiology and Neuroimaging
Authors: Ghaleb Abdul-Malik Othman Esmail
Published: December 2017

Scientific interest in the investigation of language and its neural correlates has always centered on the possibility of pinpointing the location of language in the brain with the assumption that specific areas of the brain could be dedicated to specific language components and processes. A central question in current neurolinguistic and psycholinguistic research that has been thoroughly discussed over the last few decades is whether certain linguistic abilities result from dedicated brain areas each specialized for specific kinds of linguistic representations and processes or whether these abilities are more accurately described in terms of interactions among different linguistic levels distributed across multiple brain regions. An outlook on language derived from current research suggests that language specialty as a distinctly human cognitive faculty lies in being supported by distributed neural structures that interact efficiently with so many domain-general abilities, functions, and information sources rather than in being located in a dedicated set of cognitive neural structures. This paper is a reflection of the insights into language in the brain based on findings obtained from neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies that support this perspective. The paper goes on plead that with current developments in linguistic theory, as a model of human knowledge of language, and some powerful methodological advances in cognitive neuroscience may lead to a new and more precise image of the functional organization of language in the brain.
Field Composition and Development Trend of Research Hotspots of Translation Technology in China—Based on Co-word Visualization Analysis of Relevant Academic Journals from CNKI Published from 1999 to 2017
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxue
Published: December 2017

With the rapid development of computer technology and deep integration of disciplines, translation technology has gradually become an important research direction and a new focus of translation studies. In order to reveal the present situation of research on translation technology, we take the academic journals on translation technology from CNKI published between 1999 and 2017 as our data sample for analysis. The results show that the main research hotspots of translation technology cover four areas, i.e. computer-aided translation, human-computer interaction, translation technology teaching and talent training, as well as terminologies of the field. Through analysis of the current situation and existing problems in the above mentioned areas, some thoughts and prospects are put forward to provide guidance and illumination to scholars in this research field and promote further and deeper studies into the subject.
Metadiscourse Features in English News Writing among English Native and Iranian Writers: A Comparative Corpus-based Inquiry
Authors: Farahani Mehrdad Vasheghani , Sbetifard Mehrnoosh
Published: December 2017

The aim of this study was to compare and contrast the distribution and application of metadiscourse features in news writings between English native writers and Iranian non-native writers. To this end, a comparable corpus of English news written by English native authors and Iranian authors were selected randomly. For the theoretical framework, Hyland’s model (2005) was exploited. As the data represent, the English authors were more relied than the Persian ones on metadiscourse features. Also, the data revealed that in both corpora, the interactional metadiscourse features were preponderant as compared to the interactive metadiscourse features. In addition, in the interactional corpus, hedges were the most frequent as compared to transitions which were the most frequent type of metadiscourse in interactive category.
On Countermeasures of How English Education in Colleges and Universities Serves the Development of Chengdu Economic Zone—Taking Leshan City as an Example
Authors: Zou Li
Published: December 2017

The purpose of English education is to cultivate competent English talents who can meet the need of society. Guided by how English education in colleges and universities serves the development of Chengdu Economic Zone, and based on the characteristics of Leshan economic development, the paper is to analyze the English talents demand in Leshan City and to analyze the problems in how English education of colleges and universities in Leshan serves the development of Chengdu Economic Zone, as well as to study the countermeasures accordingly, aiming to promote English education in colleges and universities in Leshan City and to improve the construction and development of Chengdu Economic Zone.
A Functional Analysis of Present Perfect in Persian
Authors: Rahimifar Mansour , Rezai Vali , Motavalian Rezvan
Published: December 2017

The aim of this article is to establish the present perfect functions syntactically and semantically in Persian. Taking the definition of perfect, typically functioning to express anteriority or perfect aspect, the authors analyzed this construction in Persian in terms of function, meaning, and usage. Using functional-typological approach, the category of perfect was analyzed in regards to form, composition, meaning, expression, and its specific uses in Persian in order to determine its fundamental functions and meanings. From a synchronic point of view, the resultative, experiential and current-relevance meanings of this construction could be covered from the compound verb form. The discussion on the meanings of the Persian compound form of present perfect was based on the analysis of its occurrences in contemporary spoken standard texts, including movies, talk shows, and TV serials as well as written texts and the authors’ intuitions, in rare cases. Fundamental to the present study were three assumptions: First, a closer look at the data indicates that there are both temporal and aspectual tendencies in this construction. Second, the findings lend support to the claim that indirect information, usually described under the label of evidentiality in many contexts, is a part of their functions. Third, a modified version of Kyparsky’s theory of event structure is used and we promote the idea of “hierarchical structure„ for the Persian perfect functions where the current relevance of a prior event is the main function and other functions are entailed from this.
A magyar fiatalok erősödő kivándorlási szándékának kiváltó okai és jellemzői
Authors: Siskáné Szilasi Beáta , Halász Levente , Gál-Szabó Lajos
Published: December 2017

A magyar fiatalok egyre általánosabb életstratégiaként tekintenek a kivándorlásra, ami az országot továbbtanulás vagy munkavégzés céljából rövidebb, hosszabb időtávra elhagyók arányának drasztikus növekedésében követhető nyomon. Az írás az elmúlt évtized legfontosabb emigrációs jellegzetességeit taglalja, az országot elhagyó 18 és 40 év közöttiek fő emigrációs indokait keresi.Nemzetközi és hazai szinten a migrációs folyamatok, azok meghatározó mechanizmusai a tudományos érdeklődés középpontjába kerültek, a kivándorlást magyarázó objektív és szubjektív adatokra egyre nagyobb igény mutatkozik. Ennek érdekében a 2013 és 2016 között közel 10 000 fő megkérdezésén alapuló kérdőíves adatgyűjtés eredményeinek feldolgozásával bemutatjuk a kivándorló fiatalok legfontosabb demográfiai jellemzőit, azok évtizedes arányeltolódásait, az emigráció trendjének változásait, a kivándorláshoz vezető taszító és vonzó tényezőket, a migrációs potenciál országon belüli (város-vidék dualitás) és intraregionális egyenlőtlenségeit.
Youth transition to the labour market during employment mobility. Employment and inequality of young people in Europe
Authors: Vysotskaya Volha , Kun Máté , Doszpoly Petronella , Dabasi-Halász Zsuzsanna , Lipták Katalin
Published: December 2017

Transition from study to work is considered as the end of youth. How do young people prepare to enter the labour market? What are the strategies young people utilise to become employed if it occurs in another country, as in the case of employment mobility? To answer these questions, the proposed article focuses on how young people move and enter the employment in other destination countries. Alongside with the literature on youth and transition we also observe that young people equally experience challenges of matching their skills in the destination countries. They relate to inequalities on the job market depending on their skills, their qualifications, the type of jobs, their working experiences, etc. The discussions in this paper thus first touch upon the topic of inequality with regard to the process of recruitment and becoming employed. Second, they draw attention to the inferior positioning that young people are prepared to put themselves into when entering the labour market for the first time and emphasise the fact that young people often experience discrimination and unequal treatment when they complete education and apply for jobs, on the grounds of being young and inexperienced. As a result, such a positioning often puts young people in a vulnerable situation, which they accept and endure as long as they are promised work. Furthermore, by focusing on how young people enter the labour market in the receiving country, the paper also explores strategies that young people apply for being employed, becoming integrated in the labour market, overcoming inequalities in employment and finding ways to cope with these challenges in the labour market, as well as their own social lives in the destination country.
Being forced? Getting far? Speaking the language? What matters in the process of going abroad as a student?
Authors: Kmiotek-Meier Emilia , Karl Ute , Fazekas Fanni , Dabasi-Halász Zsuzsanna , Doszpoly Petronella , Lipták Katalin
Published: December 2017

Student mobility is a common phenomenon in Luxembourg, as almost every student spends a period abroad before graduating. Based on material from this “hyper-mobile” academic context, we will focus on the first phase of going abroad. First, we will analyse how the idea to study abroad is related to different notions of forced or non-forced mobility. Second, we will turn to the choice of destination, focussing on geographical distance and language distance between the country of origin and the place of destination. Geographical distance is not a goal as such but is a proxy for other dimensions, e.g. greater distance can be equated with a wish to try out new things and start a new life phase while shorter distance emphasises strong embeddedness in pre-existing social ties and obligations. In terms of language, students mostly choose countries where one of Luxembourg’s official languages is spoken (either because they have mastered it or because they would like to improve it for professional reasons), and countries where an additional language can be learnt or practised. Our results show that studying abroad is not the decision of a moment, but rather a process embedded in students’ past, present and future as well as in their social surroundings.
„Különlegesnek lenni.” Középiskolások tanulási célú mobilitását meghatározó attitűdök, motivációk
Authors: Dabasi-Halász Zsuzsanna , Lipták Katalin , Horváth Klaudia
Published: December 2017

fiatalok vándorlása jelentős társadalmi és gazdasági előnyökkel és hátrányokkal jár. A folyamatok irányíthatóságával kapcsolatban számos – akár ellentétes végkövetkeztetésű – elméleti és gyakorlati kutatás foglalkozott, amelyek azonban egyetértettek abban, hogy a folyamatok mélyebb megismerése elengedhetetlen. Ebben a tanulmányban a magyarországi középiskolás diákok tanulási célú mobilitásának jellemzőit elemezzük. A kutatás keretében 17 irányított interjút készítettünk olyan diákokkal, akik legalább 3 hónapot tanultak az Európai Unió valamely tagországában, illetve szakértői mélyinterjúkat folytattunk. Bemutatjuk, hogy a középiskolás diákok mobilitási döntésében mekkora szerepet játszik például a szülői „nyomás”, a baráti kapcsolatok és a „referenciaközeg” véleménye. Azt is tanulmányoztuk, hogy akik középiskolás korukban vállalják a külföldi tanulmányokat, hamarabb válnak-e „éretté”, vagyis azt, hogy a diákok személyiségében milyen változást okoztak a külföldön töltött hónapok, milyen kapcsolatokat építettek ki, milyen utat jártak be, hogy „különlegessé váljanak” a mobilitásban részt nem vevő társaikkal szemben. Kutatásunk kiterjed a mobilitási árnyoldalak feltárására is.
STABILIZATION POLICY: MACROECONOMIC DIMENSIONS
Authors: Filipenko Anton
Published: December 2017

The article studies models and conceptions of stabilization policy that aims to reduce the severity of economic fluctuations in the short term. According to the economic science, production and employment fluctuate around their natural levels in the long run. The paper reveals, that stabilization policies are designed to defuse the business cycle phases, bringing production and employment to its natural level. It uncovers, that the main function of stabilization policy is to limit short-term deviations in the system of long-term market equilibrium. This is done in the form of aggregate supply – aggregate demand by establishing relationships between potential output and prices of production, on the one hand, and the relationship between aggregate demand and industrial production prices – on the other. The government’s instruments are fiscal and monetary policy, which maintains high and stable levels of economic activity. The article outlines, that the best option for stabilization policy is to stimulate aggregate supply and use only certain aspects of aggregate demand in the absence of real prerequisites for its improvement under current economic conditions. Therefore, neoclassical paradigm and monetary concept should be taken for the basis of stabilization.
THE POLICY OF THE CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES (KAZAKHSTAN, TURKMENISTAN AND UZBEKISTAN) IN THE ENERGY SECTOR
Authors: Doroshko M. , Voloshenko I.
Published: December 2017

An important component of the ensuring the security of the states of the Central Asian region is the energy security because the energy resources are critically significant for the improving the quality of life and the expanding the opportunities for all countries in this region. Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan are those countries which energy resources is an area of deep interest of extra-regional forces. In fact, energy security is a priority area of foreign policy of countries in the region that are trying to get the maximum benefit from the sale of their own oil and gas reserves. The energy resources Central Asia, primarily Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan, step up cooperation with countries such as China, Russia, USA and many others.
Authors considers the peculiarities of energy policy of Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, peculiarities of cooperation with external partners, as well as the problems that exist in the energy sector.
Comorbidity in the clinical presentation of internal diseases: focus on symptomatic gastroduodenal ulcers
Authors: Vlasova T V , Shkarin V V , Gorbunova M L , Kizova E A , Gurvich E V , Yarkova N A
Published: December 2017

At present, comorbidity is one of the current interdisciplinary problems of clinical medicine. At the same time, in the modern literature the number of teaching and study guides, monographs and other scientific publications reflecting the essence of comorbidity and its prognostic significance for the patient, is clearly inadequate. Also, no national clinical guidelines exist for managing patients with comorbid diseases. The aim of the review is to draw practical physicians’ attention to the importance of timely detection of comorbid nature of the internal disease necessary for the correct choice of therapeutic measures for patients suffering from multiple diseases, early prevention of possible complications and the formation of a favorable prognosis. Symptomatic gastroduodenal ulcer lesions were chosen as one of the examples of comorbid pathology, late diagnosis and absence of early prevention of which can become the causes of gastrointestinal bleeding and related deaths in patients. The article reflects the definition of comorbidity, existing synonyms, its main types, and methods of evaluation. The causes and factors of the development of comorbid diseases, their prevalence in the population are analyzed. Attention is focused on the rules for formulation of clinical diagnosis for a comorbid patient, the need to take into account comorbidity when choosing an algorithm for integrated diagnosis and rational treatment of the disease. The importance of assessing the risk of drug interactions in the pharmacotherapy of comorbid diseases and possible complications are emphasized. The epidemiology of symptomatic gastroduodenal ulcers, their pathogenesis, common clinical presentation and its features depending on a specific type, complexity of diagnosis are analyzed in detail.
Diode laser in dental practice
Authors: Krikun E V , Blashkova S L
Published: December 2017

The review presents the possibilities and experience of using diode lasers for treatment of oral inflammatory diseases. Earlier, low-intensity laser was used in dentistry only as a physiotherapeutic device. The laser applications range has expanded significantly with the advent of new technologies. Diode laser has a high level of safety, so it can be used in periodontics and endodontics without fear of tooth tissue structure damaging. In surgical dentistry, high-intensity laser radiation is used as an alternative to cutting and rotational instruments. Features of diode laser for surgical interventions are sterile conditions during the intervention and avoidance of bleeding during and after surgery, predicted depth of injury, high incision accuracy. Accumulated experience of using a diode laser shows good hemostatic effect, which leads to minimal recession of gingival margin. Many authors emphasize that postoperative scars are absent or are more tender and elastic, not constricting tissues. In comparison with traditional methods, use of laser scalpel can reduce epithelialization time of a wound by half. Also, a number of authors claim that the diode laser stimulates immune system, reduces pathogenicity of microflora, increases its sensitivity to antibiotics, positively regulates the function of dental cement in vitro. Use of laser technology improves the quality and effectiveness of ongoing treatment, reduces repeated paient visits, shortens treatment time, avoids relapses and complications. Due to this, the question of expanding the indications for diode lasers use in dentistry and improving the methods remains of current interest.
Infectious morbidity and resource provision for infectious disease service in municipal districts of the Republic of Tatarstan
Authors: Galieva A M , Vafin A Yu , Kravchenko I E , Galiullin A N
Published: December 2017

Aim. To conduct analysis of resource provision for medical care for patients with infectious pathology and to study primary infectious morbidity at the level of municipal districts of the Republic of Tatarstan. Methods. Study of primary infectious morbidity according to official statistics of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being in the Republic of Tatarstan based on form No. 2 with extracting data in 495 units, annual reports of Infectious Disease Service of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan for 2005-2015 - 66 units. The analysis of resource provision according to the central regional hospitals data, with extracting data in 70 units. Results. During the period of 2005-2015 the highest rates of primary infectious morbidity were observed in municipal districts where the administrative center is a city (13 054.01 per 100 000 population), the lowest - in rural areas (7953.6). The level of infectious morbidity in municipal districts is significantly lower than in average across the Republic of Tatarstan (р ˂0.05). 3 municipal districts having different types of administrative center are studied: Zainsky (urban population 72%), Apastovsky (rural people 73.9%), Drozhzhanovsky (rural people 100%) districts. The highest level of infectious morbidity in Zainsky District (2005 - 10 510; 2015 - 11 800.85 per 100 000 population), Apastovsky (7600.0 and 3612.44) and Drozhzhanovsky district (1629.68 and 4765.84). Differences in resource provision for infectious disease service are established: Zainsky district (there is an infectiologist, infectious beds, infectious disease office, specialized laboratory), Apastovsky district (service in infectious disease office is provided by part-time infectiologist), Drozhzhanovsky district (service in infectious disease office is provided by a nurse). In Drozhzhanovsky and Apastovsky districts there are no infectious beds and specialized laboratories. Conclusion. Level of infectious morbidity in municipal districts of the Republic of Tatarstan is closely related to the type of municipal district and resource provision for infectious disease service.
Bacteriophage use in the focus of hospital-acquired shigellosis
Authors: Kurakin E S
Published: December 2017

Aim. Evaluation of epidemiologic effectiveness of polyvalent dysentery bacteriophage use for management of infection outbreak caused by Shigella flexneri. Methods. Investigation was performed in Tula psychoneurological hospital where the persistent focus of shigellosis was formed by Sh. flexneri 2a. As part of the study, evaluation of efficacy of antibacterial treatment (ciprofloxacin 250 mg per day for 7 days - group 1) was performed by evaluating duration of bacterial excretion in 18 patients with mild, 21 with moderate and 2 with severe Shigella infection. At the same time efficacy of Shigella bacteriophage (group 2) was assessed during treatment of 19 patients with mild and 17 with moderate form of the infection. Prevention of hospital-acquired shigellosis was provided for all patients in the departments where the infection was diagnosed. In this case bacteriophage was administered as following: first 5 days - 2 pills of bacteriophage 4 times a day, then 2 pills once a day during the whole period of hospitalization. This scheme was administered also to all patients newly admitted to the involved departments from day 1 of hospital stay. Results. Treatment with antibiotics led to fast and full recovery not in all cases. Insufficient clinical effect (persistence of disease signs and bacterial excretion for more than 7 days) in the treatment of mild, moderate and severe forms of Shigella infection was 16.7, 61.9 and 50.0%, respectively. High clinical effectiveness was noted in the treatment of patients with the use of Shigella bacteriophage. Ratio of insufficient clinical recovery from mild and moderate forms of the disease was 5.3 and 17.6%, respectively. In the course of anti-epidemiological measures aimed at localization and elimination of the focus, about 1000 patients were exposed to mentioned regimen of prevention. No patients had manifested infection or bacterial excretion registered. Conclusion. The study confirmed clinical and epidemiological effectiveness of polyvalent dysentery bacteriophage use for management of outbreak caused by Sh. flexneri 2a.
Prognosis of the development of pneumonia in children at the outbreak of respiratory mycoplasmosis
Authors: Kokoreva S P , Razuvaev O A
Published: December 2017

Aim. To identify risk factors for mycoplasma pneumonia at the outbreak of respiratory mycoplasmosis in the children’s collective using a comprehensive statistical analysis. Methods. 120 children aged 12-15 years from the focus of respiratory mycoplasmosis outbreak were observed. They were divided into two groups: study group - 33 children with mycoplasma pneumonia, and control group - 56 children from the focus of infection, 14 of which during the observation period had no disease simptoms, and 42 children had other forms of respiratory mycoplasmosis. Results. 6 factors influencing the development of mycoplasma pneumonia were identified in children from the focus of respiratory mycoplasmosis outbreak. The correlation analysis was performed and one-dimensional models of the chance of developing pneumonia were constructed by calculating odds ratios. Past history of pneumonia increases the risk for pneumonia by 23.46 times, passive smoking in a child - by 2.77 times. At the same time, emergency prevention with immunotropic drugs reduces the risk for pneumonia by 8.93 times, daily walking - by 3.31 times, walking for more than 2 hours - by 3.83 times, increasing fruit in the diet - by 3.09 times and taking multivitamins - by 2.56 times compared to cases when these measures were not taken. The binary logistic regression was calculated to build a multidimensional research model. The sensitivity of this model was 87.88%, specificity - 91.07%. Conclusion. At the outbreak of respiratory mycoplasmosis the risk factors for the development of mycoplasmal pneumonia are pneumonia in past medical history, smoking in a child’s family; preventive measures are long-term daily exposure to fresh air, emergency prevention with immunotropic, complex multivitamin preparations with trace elements and lactic acid bacteria, dietary intake corrected for fruit intake.
The levels of circulating cytokines in the early post-implantation period
Authors: Panakhov N A , Makhmudo T G
Published: December 2017

Aim. Analysis of cytokine levels in the blood and dentogingival fluid in patients before and after dental implantation. Methods. 164 patients with dental implants were examined, the average age was 54.6±4.17 years. Dental implantation was performed in one- and two-step procedures, osteoplastic materials Geistlich Bio-Oss spongiosa granules 0.5 g and Bio-Gide membranes 25×25 mm (Germany) were used. A total of 641 implants were installed. The course of post-implantation period was studied in all patients on days 1-3 and 6-7. Dental fluid was collected from each implant with sterile filter paper strips «F». The level of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines were measured in the blood serum and gingival fluid before and 6-7 days after intervention by the solid-phase ELISA method. Results. Immediately after implantation (1-2 days), all patients noted soreness, swelling and hyperemia, which on day 3 regressed in 139 (84.6%) patients, and 25 (15.2%) patients were diagnosed with acute mucositis, manifested by edema and hyperemia of soft tissues in the implant area. After dental implantation, imbalance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines was observed, especially in complicated cases. The most pronounced changes were noted in the concentration of TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6. Predominance of hyperproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines in acute mucositis was revealed. The ratio of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in acute mucositis was increased by 5.5 times (p 0.001) in the blood and by 5.0 times (p 0.001) in gingival fluid. Conclusion. Time course of cytokine levels in blood serum and gingival fluid before and after dental implantation indicate changes in the balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines; an increase of the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines is especially pronounced against the background of acute mucositis and changes in the level of anti-inflammatory interleukin-4 and -10 have multidirectional character.