bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Consórcios de saúde e a regionalização na macrorregião norte do Paraná: há limites para a ação consorciada pública horizontal?
Authors: Silva João Felipe Marques da , Carvalho Brígida Gimenez , Nicoletto Sônia Cristina Stefano
Published: September 2024

O estudo objetiva compreender os aspectos da ação consorciada pública horizontal que interferem na organização do SUS e limitam o processo de regionalização. De abordagem qualitativa, realizado na macrorregião norte do Paraná, por meio de entrevistas, entre setembro de 2020 a maio de 2021, com gestores municipais de saúde, gestores estaduais de saúde, dirigentes de consórcios intermunicipais de saúde (CIS) e representante do controle externo. Os resultados, analisados sob a perspectiva crítico-hermenêutica, apontam que os CIS produzem aumento da oferta de serviços de saúde na região, no entanto, a ação consorciada ocasiona problemas, destacando-se o empresariamento de serviços de saúde como a terceirização de serviços e da força de trabalho do SUS; a insuficiência de algumas especialidades ofertadas pelo CIS que provoca a contratação paralela pelos municípios com duplicidade contratual dos serviços de atenção especializada no território e, problemas de governança  da ação consorciada, que se manifestam por extrapolação do papel da direção do CIS, agindo como um ente federativo; a incompatibilidade das decisões sobre a atuação dos CIS entre prefeitos e secretários de saúde e os desequilíbrios nas relações entre municípios consorciados. Considera-se que esses resultados não desqualificam a ação consorciada pública horizontal, ao contrário, reforçam sua relevância no SUS. Entretanto, provocam reflexões sobre a forma como esta estratégia vem sendo empregada, apontando a necessidade de efetivos mecanismos regulatórios bem como a avaliação da economia de escala. Cabe ressaltar que no processo de regionalização, o CIS precisa ser empregado para potencializar a organização do SUS dentro dos preceitos constitucionais.
An Investigation of Effects of Electronic Procurement Systems on Organizational Performance of Freight Firms in Mombasa County, Kenya
Authors: Suleiman Mohamed Abdalla , Wamalwa Peter Barasa
Published: September 2024

The application of electronic procurement systems immensely influences the performance of businesses especially in the freight sector. However, with existing challenges such as the vertical segmentation of the industry that allows big players to enjoy a market share of clients, smaller firms suffer as they remain to serve the few clients they can manage. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the electronic procurement system on the organizational performance of freight firms in Mombasa County. Specific objectives of the research were to investigate the effect of electronic marketplace, electronic tendering, electronic sourcing, and electronic material management on the organizational performance of freight firms in Mombasa County. The study further employed a descriptive design and stratified sampling procedure that selected samples to represent the population. The study sampled 254 employees including general managers and departmental heads from 80 freight firms in Mombasa County. Electronic mail questionnaires were the appropriate method of data collection methods and procedures. In addition, descriptive statistics of frequencies, means, standard deviation and variance were used as the data analysis techniques and procedures. Inferential statistics of Pearson correlation and linear regression was also used as the analysis methods, with the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) as the analytical tool. Findings revealed that correlation analysis of electronic procurement systems positively and significantly affected the organizational performance of freight firms in Mombasa County with regression analysis showing a weak positive and significance p-value of 0.02. Moreover, the electronic marketplace had a standardized coefficient of 0.183 with a higher t-value of 3.165 and a p-value of 0.002 that was statistically significant. In addition, there was a weak positive and significant correlation between the electronic marketplace system and organizational performance (r = 205, p = 0.002). Electronic tendering showed a weak positive and significant correlation against returns on assets (r = 0.157, p = 0.020).  Electronic sourcing had a statistically insignificant and negative effect on the transparency with there was a weak positive and insignificant correlation between electronic sourcing and organizational performance (r = 0.22, p = 0.743). The study therefore recommended more emphasis by policymakers in the standardization and streamlining of electronic processes across distinct departments since they are inter-linked with the procurement systems in most of these freight firms.
Influence of Socio Economic Background on Educational Attainment in Rural Rajbanshi Youth
Authors: Barman Bikram , Mohammad Asif , Mondal Indrajit , Nath Rajat Kumar , Munshi Sahin Aktar , Anand Basu
Published: September 2024

Higher levels of educational attainment are associated with better employment prospects, enhanced social mobility, and improved overall quality of life. This study examines the influence of socio-economic background on educational attainment among rural Rajbanshi youth. Data were collected from 200 households across four blocks in the Coochbehar District, focusing on key variables such as age, marital status, family structure, landholding, and income levels. Chi-square tests were applied to assess associations between these socio-economic factors and educational status, categorized as primary, secondary, higher secondary, and graduate and above. The results reveal statistically significant associations between educational attainment and age (χ² = 18.146, p < 0.01) and marital status (χ² = 24.387, p < 0.01), indicating that youth in their twenties (20-29 years) and unmarried individuals are more likely to achieve higher education levels. Among the surveyed households, 77% were classified as marginal landholders, reflecting limited resources but high aspirations for education. The findings emphasize the critical role of socioeconomic factors in shaping educational outcomes, with implications for targeted interventions in rural development programs. This study highlights the need for policies that address these socioeconomic disparities to enhance educational opportunities for marginalized communities like the Rajbanshi.
Effect of Incorporation of Carrot Flour on Quality Characteristics of Cake
Authors: Gupta Neeraj , Bandral Julie D. , Sood Monika , Singh Jagmohan , Gupta Seerat , Kour Daman Preet
Published: September 2024

Cake is a form of food that is baked and usually sweet in taste. It provides fats, carbohydrates and body building protein. The aim of the present study was to develop carrot blended cake and to assess its quality characteristics during ambient storage conditions. For the development of carrot blended cake, refined wheat flour, whole wheat flour and carrot flour were blended in different proportions of T1(100:0::RF:CF), T2(90:10::RF:CF), T3(80:20::RF:CF), T4(70:30::RF:CF), T5(100:00::WWF:CF), T6(90:10::WWF:CF), T7(80:20::WWF:CF) and T8(70:30::WWF:CF)  and were packed in high density polythene (HDPE) polythene pouches and stored at refrigeration conditions and subjected to quality characteristics at an interval of 7 days for a period of 21 days.The results showed that the phosphorus and iron content of cake decreased with an increase in storage period. No microbial count was detected in the fresh samples, but it increased with an increase in the storage period but was within the safe limits. On the basis of sensory evaluation (colour, texture, taste and flavour) of carrot blended cake, treatment T3 ((80:20::RWF:CF)) was adjudged to be the best among all the treatments with mean score of colour(8.26), texture (8.15),  taste (8.12) and flavour (8.05), respectively.
Pharmacological Properties of Curcuma aromatica Salisb and Scope for Its Cultivation in Northeastern Region of India
Authors: Shitiri Lochumi , Kumar Nilay , Kumar Anil , Singh Siddhartha , Dobhal Shivani , Mehra T. S
Published: September 2024

Curcuma aromatica Salisb., also known as wild turmeric, is a perennial herb native to South and Southeast Asia, particularly India. It is renowned for its rhizomatous growth, distinct camphoraceousodor, and light yellow-orange rhizomes. The plant has a long-standing history in traditional medicine, especially in Ayurveda, where it has been used for over 6,000 years to treat various ailments, including skin diseases, digestive issues and infections. Rich in bioactive compounds such as curcumin, essential oils, terpenoids and flavonoids, C. aromatica exhibits significant pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and anticancer effects. Beyond medicinal uses, it is valued in the cosmetic and food industries for its aromatic and antioxidant properties. In Northeast India, the plant holds cultural significance among local tribes, who utilize it for various health conditions. The rising demand for natural products has increased its economic importance, providing opportunities for sustainable farming. C. aromatica thrives in tropical and subtropical climates, particularly in Northeast India, where favorable conditions support its cultivation. Sustainable propagation through micropropagation techniques can help preserve genetic diversity while meeting market demands. Future research is needed to further explore its therapeutic potential and integrate it into modern healthcare practices. Hence, the present review was designed to provide a comprehensive view of the pharmacological properties of Curcuma aromatica and to explore the potential for its sustainable cultivation in the Northeastern region of India, with a focus on enhancing its economic and cultural significance.
Effect of Phytoextracts on Alternaria Blight Disease (Alternaria brassicae (Berk.) Sacc.) of Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)
Authors: Kumar Pankaj , Zacharia Sunil , Kumar Kapil , Kumar Manish , Singh Shubham , Bawane Atul Suresh
Published: September 2024

Mustard is the one of the most important oil seed crops among the major Rabi oil seed of India. Alternaria blight disease which is caused by Alternaria brassicae (Berk.) Sacc. is considered to be the most devastating disease of this crop. The general inadequacy of chemical fungicides to tackle alternaria blight in mustard has led to the search for ecofriendly management to this disease. Therefore, present study entitled “Effect of phytoextracts on Alternaria blight disease (Alternaria brassicae (Berk.) Sacc.) of mustard (Brassica juncea L.)” was carried out during Rabi season in the year 2023-24 in - vivo and in situ. Effects of treatments were evaluated on the radial growth (mm) and disease intensity (%) in - vitro and in situ. Among the plant extracts, garlic bulb extract (T2) showed the significant inhibitory effect, reducing the mean colony diameter to 23.12 mm and achieving a radial growth per cent inhibition of 62.54 respectively as compared to control T0. The disease intensity (%) at 45, 60, 75 and 90 DAS was significantly decreased in treatment T2 - garlic bulb extract (16.62), (23.48), (31.72) and (35.63) respectively as compared to control T0.
Systematic Review of Losartan Eye Drops in Managing Post-Surgical Corneal Haze
Authors: Oliveira Bruno Eduardo da Silva , Guimarães Glenda Figueira , Coutinho Igor Jordan Barbosa , Gouveia Eduardo Henrique Herbster , Moraes Evelly Christinne Da Silva , Filho José Jesu Sisnando D'Araújo , Oliveira Aline Kelly Alves , Fayal Syenne Pimentel , Maia Camilla Castilho , Zemero Maria Isabel Muniz , Amorim Ryan Jorge , Nascimento Joao Marcos Silva do , Júnior Cantidio João Silva da Trindade , Lima Vitor Hugo Auzier
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of losartan eye drops in the treatment of haze corneal secondary to surgical procedures such as Photorefractive Keratectomy (PRK), Laser in Situ Keratomileusis (LASIK), Phototherapeutic Keratectomy (PTK) and crosslinking corneal. For this purpose, this systematic review was carried out based on studies published between 2019 and 2024, selected from databases such as PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. Inclusion criteria covered clinical trials, observational studies and experiments in animal models that investigated the use of topical losartan in the treatment of haze corneal. Data on haze density, visual acuity, side effects and tolerability were extracted and analyzed. In this way, 20 sources were included, consisting of patients and animal models. Most studies reported a significant reduction of up to 60% in haze density corneal in patients treated with losartan eye drops, with a robust decline in corneal opacity; as well as an efficacy of up to 55% in reducing fibrosis, and with signs of inhibition of myofibroblast generation between 25% and 60%. Regarding visual acuity, there was a reduction of up to 50% in corneal abrasion and a 30% improvement in visual acuity after treatment with losartan when compared to the control group. The most common side effects were mild, including eye irritation and hyperemia, occurring in very few cases. The tolerability of the treatment was considered high, with the majority of patients completing the therapeutic course. That said, topical losartan demonstrated significant efficacy in reducing haze corneal and improving visual acuity, with a favorable safety profile. These findings suggest that losartan eye drops may be a viable and safe alternative for the management of haze corneal secondary to surgical procedures for refractive correction and other corneal pathologies. However, additional studies, especially large-scale randomized clinical trials, are needed to consolidate these results and establish standardized clinical protocols, since one of the limitations found in this study was the scarcity of studies in this field of research, in addition to the low number of studies carried out exclusively on humans.
Insight into the Morphological Diversification and Viral Disease Resistance in the Interspecific Crosses of Abelmoschus esculentus × Abelomsochus moschatus
Authors: Singh Himanshu , Karmakar Pradip , Singh Ajeet , Singh Manish Kumar , Singh D.K. , Rai Ashutosh , Tiwari S.K.
Published: September 2024

Yellow Vien Mosaic Virus (YVMV) and Okra Enation Leaf Curl Virus (OELCV) are major threat of okra production in India. Due to instantly breakdown of resistance and absence of durable source of resistance in the cultivated species it’s become more challenging for okra growers. Therefore, interspecific hybridization is considered as a reliable method for stable resistance. In the present experiment crossing of 7 wild accessions of A. moschatus and 3 cultivated okra were done during Kharif season of 2022-23 and crossed hybrid were grown in next year Kharif season. Further, field screening of 7 wild (A. moschatus), 3 cultivated (A. esculentus) and their 21 hybrids was carried out and assess morphological diversity to know the expressions of various traits at the research farms of the ICAR-IIVR, Varanasi. Out of 10 parents and 21 hybrids, only two parents and 6 hybrids were highly resistant for both YVMV and OELCV disease. The remaining 5 parents viz., (EC-329394, EC-360953, IC-039308, IC-469583 and IC-47737) and 15 hybrids were categorized into five distinct groups based on their disease response, ranging from Resistant (R) to Highly Susceptible (HS). The range of percent disease incidence varied from 10.00 to 90.00. Significant differences were observed for all quantitative traits for both parents and hybrids. In interspecific hybridization qualitative traits were resemble to the A. moschatus which indicates dominance of wild species for qualitative traits. Whereas most of the quantitative traits were express intermediate of both parent which indicate incomplete dominance for these traits. Significant differences among hybrids and parents indicate that there are great opportunities for breeders to diversify okra through interspecific hybridization.
Effect of Seed Priming on Seed Quality Attributes in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: Surendra Thellam , Gupta Priyanka , S Praveen Kumar
Published: September 2024

Effect of seed priming on seed quality attributes in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). The field experiment was carried out at the crop research centre of department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, ITM University, Gwalior rabi season 2021-2022.Field and Laboratory experiment (variety G2-315) with 10 treatments. Viz T1- Tulsi leaf extract @ 1 % (12hours). T2 - Tulsi leaf extract @ 3% (12hours). T3 Tulsi leaf extract @5% (12hours). T4 Neem seed extract 1% (12hours), TS- Neem seed extract @ 3% (12hours), T6- Neem seed extract @ 5% (12hours), 17- KNO3 @ 1% (12 hours). T8 - KNO3 @ 3% (12 hours). T9 - KNO3 @ 5% (12hours). T10- Control. In all treatment, the seeds of chickpea were soaked for 12 hours and dried for 2 hours except control (untreated seeds). It was found that all the priming treatments showed significance difference with the control while highest plant height, number of primary branches per plant germination percentage. Days to 50% flowering. Number of siliqua per plant. Number of seeds per siliqua, seed weight (gm), and seed quality parameters viz, Germination percentage (%), Root length (cm), Shoot length (cm), Seedling length (cm). Seedling fresh weight (gm). Seedling dry weight (gm), Vigour index-1, Vigour index -II. electrical conductivity were observed for seeds treated with T9-KNO3@ 5% followed by T3-Tulsi Leaf Extract @ 5%, while the lowest was observed in T10-Control. The study helps to study field and seed quality parameters with the help of seed priming treatments which are effective, economic, non-toxic and eco-friendly sources.
A Review on Better Analytical Technique for Determining Febuxostat in the Blood Plasma for Bioavailability and Bioequivalence Studies
Authors: Chakravarthy Atchaya , Vimal Sanjuktha
Published: September 2024

This comprehensive review provides a pioneering analysis of the instrumental role of Liquid Chromatography with Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) in unravelling the bioavailability and bioequivalence of Febuxostat (FBS) in human plasma. Utilizing Febuxostat d9 and d7, along with other drugs as internal standards (IS), the review steers through the intricate view of pharmaceutical research, focusing on validation methods and the challenges presented by the complex pharmacokinetics of FBS. Unprecedented in its depth, the review aims to contribute valuable insights to the field by addressing the evolving paradigms in pharmaceutical analysis. FBS, a revolutionary advancement in the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout, takes centre stage, highlighting its pivotal role in contemporary therapeutic approaches. LC-MS develops as a cornerstone analytical method for studying FBS, offering unparalleled sensitivity and selectivity. The review delves into the sample preparation techniques, emphasizing the significance of protein precipitation and liquid-liquid extraction in extracting FBS from human blood plasma. LC-MS/MS, chosen for its exceptional sensitivity and specificity, becomes a focal point in FBS analysis, with IS employed to enhance accuracy. The optimization of chromatographic conditions, encompassing the careful selection of stationary and mobile phases, is highlighted as crucial for establishing a robust and reliable LC method, ensuring accuracy in pharmacokinetic studies of FBS. This concept encapsulates the essence of the review, positioning LC-MS as a superior analytical technique for the precise determination of Febuxostat in blood plasma, especially in the context of bioavailability and bioequivalence studies.
Empowering Vegetable Farmers: Energy Analysis and Evaluating the Impact of a Battery-operated Boom Sprayer
Authors: Lal Shankar , Meena S. S. , Koumary Nitin Kumar , Lahre J. , Adile Surjeet Singh
Published: September 2024

India heavily relies on agriculture, with a majority of the population engaged in farming. To address labor scarcity and improve efficiency, a battery-operated boom sprayer was developed and evaluated. The main objective of the research to minimize the back pan of the farmer during the operation of the hand operated knapsack sprayer. A pair of wheel was used for the power generation and this power was used for the operating of the knapsack sprayer. In testing on a brinjal crop field, the sprayer achieved a theoretical field capacity of 0.36 ha/hr and an actual field capacity of 0.284 ha/hr, with a field efficiency of 79%, and compared to manual knapsack sprayers, it was observed that the developed wheel operated boom sprayer was more easy in operation and approx 50% more field efficiency as compared to the manual operated knapsack sprayer and it demonstrated favorable ergonomic performance. These findings highlight the sprayer's potential to enhance efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and ergonomics for small Indian farmers, addressing labor scarcity and improving their livelihoods. Further testing and considerations for widespread adoption are necessary. This innovation represents a significant step towards sustainable development in Indian agriculture.
Transient, small‐scale field‐aligned currents in the plasma sheet boundary layer during storm time substorms
Authors: Nakamura R. , Sergeev V. A. , Baumjohann W. , Plaschke F. , Magnes W. , Fischer D. , Varsani A. , Schmid D. , Nakamura T. K. M. , Russell C. T. , Strangeway R. J. , Leinweber H. K. , Le G. , Bromund K. R. , Pollock C. J. , Giles B. L. , Dorelli J. C. , Gershman D. J. , Paterson W. , Avanov L. A. , Fuselier S. A. , Genestreti K. , Burch J. L. , Torbert R. B. , Chutter M. , Argall M. R. , Anderson B. J. , Lindqvist P.‐A. , Marklund G. T. , Khotyaintsev Y. V. , Mauk B. H. , Cohen I. J. , Baker D. N. , Jaynes A. N. , Ergun R. E. , Singer H. J. , Slavin J. A , Kepko E. L. , Moore T. E. , Lavraud B. , Coffey V. , Saito Y.
Published: May 2016

We report on field‐aligned current observations by the four Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) spacecraft near the plasma sheet boundary layer (PSBL) during two major substorms on 23 June 2015. Small‐scale field‐aligned currents were found embedded in fluctuating PSBL flux tubes near the separatrix region. We resolve, for the first time, short‐lived earthward (downward) intense field‐aligned current sheets with thicknesses of a few tens of kilometers, which are well below the ion scale, on flux tubes moving equatorward/earthward during outward plasma sheet expansion. They coincide with upward field‐aligned electron beams with energies of a few hundred eV. These electrons are most likely due to acceleration associated with a reconnection jet or high‐energy ion beam‐produced disturbances. The observations highlight coupling of multiscale processes in PSBL as a consequence of magnetotail reconnection.
Climate change impact on the roles of temperature and precipitation in western U.S. snowpack variability
Authors: Scalzitti Jason , Strong Courtenay , Kochanski Adam
Published: May 2016

We employ dynamical downscaling and pseudo global warming methodologies to evaluate climate change impact on the roles of temperature and precipitation in spring snowpack (S) variability across the western United States (U.S.). The negative correlation between S and temperature weakens linearly with elevation, whereas the correlation between S and precipitation increases asymptotically with elevation. The curvilinear relationship in the latter case was not visible in prior studies because of the observation networks' limited range. In our historical validation, there is a range of threshold elevations (1580–2181 m) across six mountainous regions, above which precipitation is the main driver of snowpack variability and below which temperature is the main driver. Under a moderate end‐of‐century climate change scenario, these thresholds increase by 191 to 432 m. These rising thresholds indicate increasing spatial and elevational vulnerability of western U.S. spring snowpack along with associated impacts to hydrologic and ecologic systems.
EMIC wave spatial and coherence scales as determined from multipoint Van Allen Probe measurements
Authors: Blum L. W. , Agapitov O. , Bonnell J. W. , Kletzing C. , Wygant J.
Published: May 2016

Electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves can provide a strong source of energetic electron pitch angle scattering. These waves are often quite localized, thus their spatial extent can have a large effect on their overall scattering efficiency. Using measurements from the dual Van Allen Probes, we examine four EMIC wave events observed simultaneously on the two probes at varying spacecraft separations. Correlation of both the wave amplitude and phase observed at both spacecraft is examined to estimate the active region and coherence scales of the waves. We find well‐correlated wave amplitude and amplitude modulation across distances spanning hundreds to thousands of kilometers. Phase coherence persisting 30–60 s is observable during close conjunction events but is lost as spacecraft separations exceed ~1 Earth Radii.
Assessing the use of subgrid land model output to study impacts of land cover change
Authors: Schultz Natalie M. , Lee Xuhui , Lawrence Peter J. , Lawrence David M. , Zhao Lei
Published: May 2016

Subgrid information from land models has the potential to be a powerful tool for investigating land‐atmosphere interactions, but relatively few studies have attempted to exploit subgrid output. In this study, we modify the configuration of the Community Land Model version CLM4.5 so that each plant functional type (PFT) is assigned its own soil column. We compare subgrid and grid cell‐averaged air temperature and surface energy fluxes from this modified case (PFTCOL) to a case with the default configuration—a shared soil column for all PFTs (CTRL)—and examine the difference in simulated surface air temperature between grass and tree PFTs within the same grid cells (ΔTGT). The magnitude and spatial patterns of ΔTGT from PFTCOL agree more closely with observations, ranging from −1.5 K in boreal regions to +0.6 K in the tropics. We find that the column configuration has a large effect on PFT‐level energy fluxes. In the CTRL configuration, the PFT‐level annual mean ground heat flux (G) differs substantially from zero. For example, at a typical tropical grid cell, the annual G is 31.8 W m−2 for the tree PFTs and −14.7 W m−2 for grass PFTs. In PFTCOL, G is always close to zero. These results suggest that care must be taken when assessing local land cover change impacts with subgrid information. For models with PFTs on separate columns, it may be possible to isolate the differences in land surface fluxes between vegetation types that would be associated with land cover change from other climate forcings and feedbacks in climate model simulations.
Umpolung Synthesis of Diarylmethylamines via Palladium‐ Catalyzed Arylation of N‐Benzyl Aldimines
Authors: Li Minyan , Yucel Baris , Jiménez Jacqueline , Rotella Madeline , Fu Yue , Walsh Patrick J.
Published: May 2016

An umpolung synthesis of diarylmethylamine derivatives is presented. This reaction entails a palladium‐catalyzed arylation of 1,3‐diaryl‐2‐azaallyl anions, in situ generated from N‐benzyl aldimines. A Pd(NIXANTPHOS)‐based catalyst together with hindered silylamide bases enabled the coupling of aldimines with aryl bromides in good to excellent yields without product isomerization. Moreover, regioselectivity in the arylation of unsymmetrical 1,3‐diaryl‐2‐azaallyl anions was studied. This method is suitable for a gram scale synthesis of diarylmethylamine derivatives at room temperature without use of a glove box.

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Hematopoietic deletion of transferrin receptor 2 in mice leads to a block in erythroid differentiation during iron‐deficient anemia
Authors: Rishi Gautam , Secondes Eriza S. , Wallace Daniel F. , Subramaniam V. Nathan
Published: May 2016

Iron metabolism and erythropoiesis are inherently interlinked physiological processes. Regulation of iron metabolism is mediated by the iron‐regulatory hormone hepcidin. Hepcidin limits the amount of iron released into the blood by binding to and causing the internalization of the iron exporter, ferroportin. A number of molecules and physiological stimuli, including erythropoiesis, are known to regulate hepcidin. An increase in erythropoietic demand decreases hepcidin, resulting in increased bioavailable iron in the blood. Transferrin receptor 2 (TFR2) is involved in the systemic regulation of iron metabolism. Patients and mice with mutations in TFR2 develop hemochromatosis due to inappropriate hepcidin levels relative to body iron. Recent studies from our laboratory and others have suggested an additional role for TFR2 in response to iron‐restricted erythropoiesis. These studies used mouse models with perturbed systemic iron metabolism: anemic mice lacking matriptase‐2 and Tfr2, or bone marrow transplants from iron‐loaded Tfr2 null mice. We developed a novel transgenic mouse model which lacks Tfr2 in the hematopoietic compartment, enabling the delineation of the role of Tfr2 in erythroid development without interfering with its role in systemic iron metabolism. We show that in the absence of hematopoietic Tfr2 immature polychromatic erythroblasts accumulate with a concordant reduction in the percentage of mature erythroid cells in the spleen and bone marrow of anemic mice. These results demonstrate that erythroid Tfr2 is essential for an appropriate erythropoietic response in iron‐deficient anemia. These findings may be of relevance in clinical situations in which an immediate and efficient erythropoietic response is required. Am. J. Hematol. 91:812–818, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Exposure to pathogens among workers in a poultry slaughter and processing plant
Authors: You Yaqi , Leahy Kimberly , Resnick Carol , Howard Tracy , Carroll Karen Colleen , Silbergeld Ellen Kovner
Published: May 2016

Background

Working conditions in poultry slaughter/processing plants may expose workers to zoonotic pathogens. We explored exposure to pathogens among poultry slaughter/processing plant workers including job duties as risk factors.

Methods

We collected questionnaire data on job duties and nasal swabs from 110 workers at one plant in South Carolina. Swabs were tested for Staphylococcus aureus and gram‐negative organisms. Isolates were screened for antimicrobial susceptibility.

Results

There was no differences in prevalence of S. aureus carriage based on job duties. As compared with office or packing workers, the adjusted odds of GNO carriage was 6.29 times (95% CI: 1.43, 27.71) higher in slaughter or carcass processing workers and 5.94 times (95% CI: 0.94, 37.50) higher in cleaning or maintenance workers.

Conclusions

Poultry processing plant workers may have increased exposure to GNOs, depending on job duties. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:453–464, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Concise Total Synthesis of the Bisnorditerpene (+)‐(5β,8α,10α)‐8‐hydroxy‐13‐methylpodocarpa‐9(11),13‐diene‐3,12‐dione
Authors: Xu Shiyan , Zhang Mingjie , Zhang Weiwei , Xie Xingang , She Xuegong
Published: May 2016

The first enantioselective total synthesis of the bisnorditerpene (+)‐(5β,8α,10α)‐8‐hydroxy‐13‐methylpodocarpa‐9(11),13‐diene‐3,12‐dione (1) was accomplished in 7 steps with 18.5 % overall yield from known aldehyde and chiral epoxide. Key steps of the synthesis include a cationic domino cyclization used to construct the [6,6,6] fused framework, and an oxidative dearomatization reaction used to form the 1,4‐quinoid moiety.
One‐step synthesis of Pt@three‐dimensional graphene composite hydrogel: an efficient recyclable catalyst for reduction of 4‐nitrophenol
Authors: Zou Peipei , Wang Meisong , Zhao Liang , Dai Liyi , Wang Yuanyuan
Published: May 2016

A Pt@three‐dimensional graphene (Pt@3DG) composite hydrogel with a unique porous nanostructure was prepared and used as an efficient, recyclable and robust catalyst for the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol to 4‐aminophenol under mild conditions. The influence of graphene architecture on catalytic activities was comparatively investigated by loading the same amount of Pt on reduced graphene oxide. Pt@3DG exhibits a very high catalytic activity owing to the three‐dimensional macroporous framework with high specific surface area, numerous activation sites and efficient transport pathways. Moreover, catalyst separation can be easily achieved by simple filtration, and the catalyst can be reused for at least five runs, maintaining its high catalytic activity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization and pyrolysis behaviors of sunflower stalk and its hydrolysis residue
Authors: He Xin‐fu , Yang Lei , Wu Hong‐ju , Liu Na , Zhang Ya‐gang , Zhou An‐ning
Published: May 2016

Sunflower stalk (SS) and its alkaline hydrolysis residue (SHR) were characterized by means of chemical component analysis, Fourier Transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectrometer and scanning electron microscope (SEM), and their pyrolysis behaviors were investigated by a thermal gravimetric (TG) analyzer, a self‐designed pyrolysis apparatus and a pyrolysis‐chromatograph/mass spectrometer (py‐GC/MS). The results showed that the chemical components, chemical structures and surface morphologies of SS and SHR are notably different as a result of mild delignification during hydrolysis process. TG/DTG analyses indicated that SHR is easier to be decomposed than SS. The temperature of the maximum weight loss rate of SHR is lower than that of SS. The pyrolysis process of SS and SHR could be described with first‐order kinetics model, and the activation energy values are 78.36 and 73.86 kJ/mol, respectively. The results of pyrolysis in fixed bed reactor showed that SHR has higher tar yield but lower gas yield compared with SS. SHR and SS have maximum tar yields of 39.9% and 37.9% at 540 °C and 600 °C, respectively. Gas yields increase with temperature and become more obvious at above 600 °C. Py‐GC/MS analysis exhibited that the main compounds in the pyrolysate includes ketones, aldehydes and phenols. The relative content of phenols in the pyrolysate of SHR is the highest (20.97%) and is remarkably higher than that of SS. © 2016 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Brønsted Acid‐Catalyzed Synthesis of N‐Arylindoles from 2‐Vinylanilines and Quinones
Authors: Zhang Han‐Ming , Gao Zhong‐Hua , Yi Liang , Ye Song
Published: May 2016

In the presence of a quinone, Brønsted acid‐catalyzed intramolecular C−N bond formation of o‐vinylanilines by electrophilic cyclization was developed, giving the corresponding N‐arylindoles in good to high yields. The reaction worked well for o‐vinylanilines with terminal and internal C=C double bonds.
Efficient construction of bounding volume hierarchies into a complete octree for ray tracing
Authors: Olivares Ulises , Rodríguez Héctor G. , García Arturo , Ramos Félix F.
Published: May 2016

This paper proposes an efficient construction scheme for bounding volume hierarchies based on a complete tree. This construction offers up to 4× faster construction times than binned‐surface area heuristic and offers competitive ray traversal performance. The construction is fully parallelized on x86 CPU architectures; it takes advantage of the eight‐wide vector units and exploits the advance vector extensions available for current x86 CPU architectures. Additionally, this work presents a clustering algorithm for grouping primitives, which can be computed in linear timeO(n). Furthermore, this construction uses the graphics processing unit to perform intensive operations efficiently. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Characterization of Pillared Hectorite Catalysts.
Authors: OCCELLI M. L. , FINSETH D. H.
Published: May 2016

Pillaring natural hectorite with Al2O3, Al2O3 ‐ ZrO2, and ZrO2 Cluster generates microporous structures stable in air to 600°C. Initially these clays contain both Brpnsted and Lewis acid sites distributed as in the parent hectorite.
ChemInform Abstract: The Alkali Selenoarsenates(III) KAsSe3.H2O, RbAsSe3.0.5 H2O, and CsAsSe3.0.5 H2O
Authors: SHELDRICK W. S. , KAUB J.
Published: May 2016

are prepared by hydrothermal reaction of As2Se3 with the respective alkali metal carbonate at 135 °C. All three compounds crystallize in the monoclinic system (C2/c, Z=8) and contain (AsSe; )" anions consisting of w‐AsSe3 tetrahedra as the basic unit.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Crystal Structure of Ag2O3.
Authors: STANDKE B. , JANSEN M.
Published: May 2016

Preparation of the title compound is ′ achieved for the first time by electrolysis of aqueous solutions of AgBF4, AgClO4, or AgPFÖ.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermolabile Hydrocarbons. Part 28. Separation, Structure Analysis, and Thermolysis of a Pair of Stable Rotamers.
Authors: FLAMM‐TER MEER M. A. , BECKHAUS H.‐D. , PETERS K. , VON SCHNERING H. G. , FRITZ H. , RUECHARDT C. +
Published: May 2016

In order to obtain a well crystallizable diastereomeric hydrocarbon, which adopts a deformed gauche conformation, the title compound is prepared as a mixture of meso‐(III) (yield 500/0), P‐(R ,R )‐DL‐(III) (28%), and M‐(R ,R )‐DL‐(III) (22%), separable by fractional crystallization.
ChemInform Abstract: Amination of Fluorocarbanions via Areneazoperfluoroalkanes.
Authors: ZEIFMAN YU. V. , LANTSEVA L. T. , KNUNYANTS I. L.
Published: May 2016

In der Azokupplung der Aryldiazoniumtetrafluoroborate (III) mit den Per?uoro‐tert.‐alkylcarbanionen (II) und der nachfolgenden sauren Reduktion der erhaltenen Azoverbindungen (IV) wird eine neue Methode zur Herstellung der Per?uoro‐tert.‐alkylamine (V) gefunden.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Halogen Interchange between tert‐Butyllithium and 1‐Iodo‐5‐ hexenes Provides no Evidence for Single‐Electron Transfer. Reactions of 1‐Halo‐5‐hexenes with Alkyllithiums. Evidence for a Pronounced Halogen Effect on the Mechanism of the Metal‐Halogen Interchange Reaction of Primary Alkyl Halides.
Authors: BAILEY W. F. , PATRICIA J. J. , NURMI T. T. , WANG W.
Published: May 2016

6‐Iod‐1‐hexen (I) reagiert bei niederer Temperatur mit tert.‐Butyllithium fast ausschließlich zum Kohlenwasserstoff (II), es enstehen nur Spuren an Methyl‐cyclopentan (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Amino‐3,5‐dichlorobenzoic Acid.
Authors: BORODINA A. V.
Published: May 2016

An improved method for the synthesis of the title compound (II) is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Research on Heterocyclic Compounds. Part 19. 2‐Methylimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine‐ 3‐acetic Acids.
Authors: ABIGNENTE E. , ARENA F. , LURASCHI E. , SATURNINO C. , MARMO E. , RUSSO S. , MAGLIULO R.
Published: May 2016

Die Amino‐pyridine (I) reagieren mit Bromlävulinsäureethylester (II) zu Imidazo‐pyridin‐essigsäureethylestern (III), die zu den entsprechenden Säuren (IV) verseift werden können.
ChemInform Abstract: Addition of Trimethylsilyl Cyanide to Allenes with the Aid of a Palladium or Nickel Catalyst.
Authors: CHATANI N. , TAKEYASU T. , HANAFUSA T.
Published: May 2016

Die Allene (I) reagieren mit Trimethylsilylcyanid (II) in Gegenwart von Pd‐ oder Ni‐Katalysatoren zu den Addukten (III); analog reagiert das cyclische Allen (IV) zu (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Prochiral Enamides by Rhodium(I) Complexes Containing the Enantiomers of (R*,R*)‐(±)‐1,2‐Phenylenebis(methylphenylphosphine) and Its Arsenic Isosteres.
Authors: ALLEN D. G. , WILD S. B. , WOOD D. L.
Published: May 2016

Following the procedure of Schrock and Osborne the highly crystalline air‐stable complexes (II) are obtained as shown.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbonylchloro[2‐(phenylazo)phenyl‐C,N]platinum and Cyclopentadienyl[2‐(phenylazo)phenyl‐C,N]platinum.
Authors: CROSS R. J. , TENNENT N. H. , WARDEN G. M.
Published: May 2016

The initial cleavage of the Chloride bridges of the dimer (I) with CO affords the carbonylchloro derivative (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Aspartame via Asymmetric Hydrogenation of N‐Protected (Z)‐N‐α‐L‐ Aspartyl‐Δ‐phenylalanine Methyl Ester.
Authors: FUGANTI C. , GRASSELLI P. , MALPEZZI L. , CASATI P.
Published: May 2016

Aus den Dipeptiden (I) werden die Dehydrochlorierungsprodukte (II) hergestellt, aus (IIa) erhält man bei der katalytischen Hydrierung den künstlichen Süßstoff Aspartame (III), wobei der sterische Verlauf der Hydrierung vom gewählten Katalysator abhängt.
ChemInform Abstract: Alicyclic Chemistry
Authors: MATLIN S. A.
Published: May 2016

Review: (169 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Form of H+ Ion in Aqueous Solutions.
Authors: CELEDA J.
Published: May 2016

From density measurements of aqueous NaCl/HCI solutions it is concluded that even in highly diluted solutions, H + ions exist as integral H3O+ species which is bonded to the "ice‐like" structure of surrounding water only by relatively weak hydrogen bondings.
ChemInform Abstract: The "Inert‐Pair Effect" on Electronegativity.
Authors: SANDERSON R. T.
Published: May 2016

The quantitative theory of polar covalence has been used to calculate the electronegativity of major group metals in oxidation states lower than their maximum, from experimental bond energies.
ChemInform Abstract: Isosterism of Semimetal Anions: GaSb22‐ Anions in K2GaSb2 Isosteric to (BS2)∞.
Authors: CORDIER G. , OCHMANN H. , SCHAEFER H. +
Published: May 2016

The new compound K2GaSb2, prepared from the elements at 300°C, crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, space group Pnma with Z=8.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Investigations of the Nb1‐xSixT2 and Nb1‐xAlxT2 (T: Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) Systems.
Authors: BLAZINA Z. , TROJKO R.
Published: May 2016

In the title systems, alloys with Friauf‐ Laves structure are observed up to the compositions Nb0‐4Si(Al)0‐6Cr2, NbO.6Si0‐4Mn2, NbagAluzMnz, Nb0‐2Si0‐8Fe2, Nb0‐5Al0‐5Fe2, Nb"‐7Si0‐3Co2, and Nb0‐5Al0‐5Co2.
ChemInform Abstract: In situ Photoluminescence Studies of n‐Type Gallium Phosphide Semiconductor Electrodes. Intermediates and Mechanism of Photoanodic Electron‐Transfer Reactions.
Authors: NAKATO Y. , MORITA K. , TSUBOMURA H.
Published: May 2016

Photoluminescence spectra ofand photocurrents in n‐GaP electrodes studied in relation to electrode potential, solution pH, excitation wavelength and intensity of the excitation light confirm the previously proposed mechanism for the photoanodic electron‐transfer reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Susceptibility and Electrical Resistivity of RGa6 (R: Rare Earth Metals).
Authors: TAGAWA Y. , SAKURAI J. , KOMURA Y. , ISHIMASA T.
Published: May 2016

Antiferromagnetic transitions have been found for the intermetallic compounds R6216 (R: Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, and Er).
ChemInform Abstract: Effect of Substitution of Titanium by Zirconium in TiFe on Hydrogenation Properties.
Authors: JANG T. H. , HAN J. I. , LEE J.‐Y.
Published: May 2016

X‐ray analysis of the Ti1‐xZrxFe (O ⩽ x ⩽ 0.2) alloys show that the lattice parameters of the alloys increase with increasing Zr content.
ChemInform Abstract: ESR Characterization of V2O5 Monolayers and Double Layers Supported on Various Carriers.
Authors: SHARMA V. K. , WOKAUN A. , BAIKER A.
Published: May 2016

The influence of the carriers (A1203, Si02, and Mg0) on the vanadyl bond strength and the delocalization of the 3d electron on the coordinatively bound oxygen ligands is estimated from an analysis of the g and hyperfine tensors of "V" ions.
ChemInform Abstract: Effect of Deposited Pt Particles on the Surface Charge of TiO2 Aqueous Suspensions by Potentiometry, Electrophoresis, and Labeled Ion Adsorption.
Authors: JAFFREZIC‐RENAULT N. , PICHAT P. , FOISSY A. , MERCIER R.
Published: May 2016

From measurements on powder samples Supporting 0.5‐ l0 wt.°/o Pt as particles of homogeneous size (ca.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation of Polycrystalline Cobalt in the Temperature Range 20‐500 °C under Pressures of 1E10‐6 to 760 torr. Kinetic and Electron Spectroscopic (XPS and UPS) Study.
Authors: JNIOUI A. , ALNOT M. , EHRHARDT J. J. , AMARIGLIO A. , AMARIGLIO H.
Published: May 2016

Depending on temp. and O2 partial pressure, a layer of either Co3O4 or CoO covers the surface of the cobalt ribbon after oxidation.
ChemInform Abstract: Reduction of Nitric Oxide by Hydroxylamine. Part 2. Reactions of the Alkylated Hydroxylamines.
Authors: WANG N.‐Y. , BONNER F. T.
Published: May 2016

Kinetic measurements indicate that the reactions between NO and the hydroxylamines (I)‐(III) proceed via N‐bound H atom abstraction to form H N0; in the case of (IV) and (V), the abstractiön occurs at the α‐Catom.
ChemInform Abstract: Pressure and Temperature Dependences of the Reaction of OH with Nitric Acid.
Authors: STACHNIK R. A. , MOLINA L. T. , MOLINA M. J.
Published: May 2016

Rate constants for reaction A, which is an important loss mechanism for odd‐hydrogen species in the lower stratosphere, are determined by using the flash photolysis resonance absorption technique at 298 and 248 K in the presence of 10‐730 torr of He, N2, and SP6.
ChemInform Abstract: The Strong Metal‐Support Interaction (SMSI) in Pt ‐TiO2 Model Catalysts.
Authors: OCAL C. , FERRER S.
Published: May 2016

Photoemission experiments on model catalysts consisting of thin TiO2 oxides grown from a Ti(0O01) single crystal on which small quantities of Pt are deposited in a UHV envrionment show that annealing to 500°C in a vacuum causes reduction of the oxide film and a change in the electronic structure of the Pt atoms.
ChemInform Abstract: Photolysis of Hydrogen Peroxide. Photocatalytic Effects of Cu(II) and Reaction Kinetics.
Authors: LUNAK S. , SEDLAK P. , VEPREK‐SISKA J.
Published: May 2016

The H2O2 photolysis has been studied as a function of the concentration of photocatalytically active Cu2+, H2O2 concentration, radiation intensity, and temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermal Release of Tritium from Neutron‐Irradiated Li7Pb2.
Authors: OKUNO K. , NAGAME Y. , KUDO H.
Published: May 2016

The results indicate that tritium produced by the 6Li(n,α)Treaction is released mainly in the form of HT from Li7Pb2.
ChemInform Abstract: Contributions to the Chemistry of Sulfur Halogenides. Part 10. Matrix Isolation of SCl3F, SCl2F2, and SClF3.
Authors: MINKWITZ R. , NASS U. , SAWATZKI J.
Published: May 2016

Durch Cokondensation von SCI; mit ClF bzw. F2 mit Argon als Matrix‐Gas werden die Chlorfluorsulfurane SClF3, SCI2F2 und SC13F generiert.
ChemInform Abstract: Halogeno‐oxydiantimon(III)ates.
Authors: HALL M. , NUNN M. , SOWERBY D. B.
Published: May 2016

All seven compounds of the series (Hpy)2[Sb2OBr"C16‐"] (n: 0‐6; Hpy: pyridinium(l + )) containing the anion (I) have been prepared by partial hydrolysis from related (Hpy)3[Sb2Br"C19‐"] compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and X‐Ray Diffraction Data for the New Pyrochlores Pb2[M0.33Sb1.67]O6.5 (M: Mg, Ni, Cu, or Zn).
Authors: CASCALES C. , RASINES I.
Published: May 2016

The title pyrochlores have been prepared by heating in air mixtures of PbO, Sb2O3, and M0 (M: Mg, Ni, Cu, Zn; Pb:M :Sb = 6:1:5) at 953, 1073, and 1123 K for 24h. For Mg, Ni, and Zn, further treatments at l173 and 1223 K are performed.
ChemInform Abstract: Some Reactions of Uranium Chloride Pentafluoride.
Authors: DOWNS A. J. , GARDNER C. J.
Published: May 2016

The reactions of Freon solutions containing UF5Cl and UFÖ with N02, PF3 and C2F4 have been studied at ‐63°C, a temp. low enough to prevent thermal decomposition of UF5Cl.
ChemInform Abstract: Elimination of the Negative Soret Cotton Effect of Cytochrome c by Replacement of the Invariant Phenylalanine Using Site‐Directed Mutagenesis.
Authors: PIELAK G. J. , OIKAWA K. , MAUK A. G. , SMITH M. , KAY C. M.
Published: May 2016

The circular dichro‐ ism was determined for variants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae iso‐ 1 ‐cytochrome c, in which phenylalanine‐87, an invariant residue in eukaryotic and many prokaryo‐ , tic cytochromes c, is replaced with a serine, tyrosine, or glycine.
ChemInform Abstract: Enzymic Carboxyl Transfer from N‐Carboxybiotin. A MO Evaluation of Conformational Effects in Promoting Reactivity.
Authors: THATCHER G. R. J. , POIRIER R. , KLUGER R.
Published: May 2016

On the basis of conformational energetics and enzymatic reactivity patterns, it is shown that the activation of N‐carboxyboitin (I) toward carboxyl transfer can be initiated by rotation of the carboxyl group out of the plane of the urea ring of N‐carboxybiotin.