bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of turbulence from a fine-scale parameterization and microstructure measurements in the Mediterranean Sea during the BOUM experiment
Authors: Cuypers Y. , Bouruet-Aubertot P. , Marec C. , Fuda J.-L.
Published: August 2012

Abstract. One of the main purposes of the BOUM experiment was to find evidence of the possible impact of submesoscale dynamics on biogeochemical cycles. To this aim physical as well as biogeochemical data were collected along a zonal transect through the western and eastern basins of the Mediterranean Sea. Along this transect 3-day fixed point stations were performed within anticyclonic eddies during which microstructure measurements of the temperature gradient were collected over the top 100 m of the water column. We focus here on the characterization of turbulent mixing. The analysis of microstructure measurements revealed a high level of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) dissipation rate in the seasonal pycnocline and a moderate level below with mean values of the order of 10−6 W kg−1 and 10−8 W kg−1, respectively. The Gregg Henyey (Gregg, 1989) fine-scale parameterization of TKE dissipation rate produced by internal wave breaking, and adapted here following Polzin et al. (1995) to take into account the strain to shear ratio, was first compared to these direct measurements with favorable results. The parameterization was then applied to the whole data set. Within the eddies, a significant increase of dissipation at the top and base of eddies associated with strong near-inertial waves is observed. Vertical turbulent diffusivity is increased both in these regions and in the weakly stratified eddy core. The stations collected along the East–West transect provide an overview of parameterized TKE dissipation rates and vertical turbulent diffusivity over a latitudinal section of the Mediterranean Sea. Strong TKE dissipation rates are found within the first 500 m and up to 1500 m above the bottom. Close to the bottom where the stratification is weak, the inferred vertical turbulent diffusivity can reach Kz≃10−3 m2 s−1 and may therefore have a strong impact on the upward diffusive transport of deep waters masses.
Rates of consumption of atmospheric CO2 through the weathering of loess during the next 100 yr of climate change
Authors: Goddéris Y. , Brantley S. L. , François L. M. , Schott J. , Pollard D. , Déqué M.
Published: August 2012

Abstract. Quantifying how C fluxes will change in the future is a complex task for models because of the coupling between climate, hydrology, and biogeochemical reactions. Here we investigate how pedogenesis of the Peoria loess, which has been weathering for the last 13 kyr, will respond over the next 100 yr of climate change. Using a cascade of numerical models for climate (ARPEGE), vegetation (CARAIB) and weathering (WITCH) we explore the effect of an increase in CO2 of 315 ppmv (1950) to 700 ppmv (2100 projection). The increasing CO2 results in an increase in temperature along the entire transect. In contrast, drainage increases slightly for a focus pedon in the South but decreases strongly in the North. These two variables largely determine the behavior of weathering. In addition, although CO2 production rate increases in the soils in response to global warming, the rate of diffusion back to the atmosphere also increases, maintaining a roughly constant or even decreasing CO2 concentration in the soil gas phase. Our simulations predict that temperature increasing in the next 100 yr causes the weathering rates of the silicates to increase into the future. In contrast, the weathering rate of dolomite – which consumes most of the CO2-decreases due to its retrograde solubility in both end members (South and North) of the transect. We thus infer slower rates of advance of the dolomite reaction front into the subsurface, and faster rates of advance of the silicate reaction front. However, additional simulations for 9 pedons located along the North–South transect show that dolomite weathering will increase in the central part of the Mississippi Valley, owing to a maximum in the response of vertical drainage to the ongoing climate change. The carbonate reaction front can be likened to a terrestrial lysocline because it represents a depth interval over which carbonate dissolution rates increase drastically. However, in contrast to the lower pH and shallower lysocline expected in the oceans with increasing atmospheric CO2, we predict an acceleration of the lysocline deepening in soils in the central area of the Mississippi Valley, but a slowdown of its deepening in the Southern and Northern section. This result illustrates the complex behavior of carbonate weathering facing short term global climate change. Predicting the global response of terrestrial weathering to increased atmospheric CO2 and temperature in the future will mostly depend upon our ability to make precise assessments of which areas of the globe increase or decrease in precipitation and soil drainage.
Climate field reconstruction of East Asian spring temperature
Authors: Ohyama M. , Yonenobu H. , Choi J.-N. , Park W.-K. , Hanzawa M. , Suzuki M.
Published: August 2012

Abstract. We describe a first attempt of dendroclimatic field reconstruction, based upon five ring-width chronologies from living trees, in Japan and Korea. Mean March–May temperature derived from a gridded land air temperature dataset (CRUTEM3) between 35–40° E and 125–140° N was reconstructed for the period of 1784–1990 AD. The reconstruction accounted for 19.4% of the temperature variance in the calibration period. This reconstruction showed remarkably similar fluctuations to regional dendroclimatic reconstructions in Japan and Korea, indicating the past spatial coherency of spring temperatures in the region. The reconstruction was validated against other climate proxies. A fairly good agreement was found with cold periods as estimated from documentary records in China and Japan. The west-Japan temperature series recovered also showed a reasonable agreement with the reconstruction. These comparisons revealed that climatic field reconstruction using tree-ring chronologies in this area offers a good potential for reconstructing long-term and large-scale past temperature patterns for East Asia.
Monitoring stable isotopes in caves over altitudinal gradients: fractionation behaviour and inferences for speleothem sensitivity to climate change
Authors: Johnston V. E. , Borsato A. , Spötl C. , Frisia S. , Miorandi R.
Published: August 2012

Abstract. Large changes of the climate can dramatically affect the environment surrounding and within a cave. This variability, including temperature shifts, can change the amount of in-cave isotopic fractionation affecting speleothems, potentially leaving these records difficult to interpret. Here, caves located in steep altitudinal topography in the Northern Italian Alps are used to create a thermal gradient (3–12 °C) to study the effects of temperature on the speleothem isotope record. The data indicate that the amount of in-cave oxygen isotope fractionation is reduced to minimum values of around 0.25‰ with cooler temperatures and under faster dripping stalactites, which infers that such sites would be most suitable for palaeoclimate reconstruction. However, when considering the possible freezing periods, reduced saturation index and fluctuating drip rates, such sites appear less than ideal for study on long timescales. The importance of picking the best site(s) within a cave for palaeoclimate reconstruction is paramount, to reduce the in-cave fractionation and gain a record that reflects climate changes. A method for rapid determination of calcite fractionation is demonstrated here, through prior cave monitoring of dripwaters and calcite precipitates, permitting an informed choice of speleothems for further study.
A uniform, quality controlled Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT)
Authors: Pfeil B. , Olsen A. , Bakker D. C. E. , Hankin S. , Koyuk H. , Kozyr A. , Malczyk J. , Manke A. , Metzl N. , Sabine C. L. , Akl J. , Alin S. R. , Bellerby R. G. J. , Borges A. , Boutin J. , Brown P. J. , Cai W.-J. , Chavez F. P. , Chen A. , Cosca C. , Fassbender A. J. , Feely R. A. , González-Dávila M. , Goyet C. , Hardman-Mountford N. , Heinze C. , Hood M. , Hoppema M. , Hunt C. W. , Hydes D. , Ishii M. , Johannessen T. , Jones S. D. , Key R. M. , Körtzinger A. , Landschützer P. , Lauvset S. K. , Lefèvre N. , Lenton A. , Lourantou A. , Merlivat L. , Midorikawa T. , Mintrop L. , Miyazaki C. , Murata A. , Nakadate A. , Nakano Y. , Nakaoka S. , Nojiri Y. , Omar A. M. , Padin X. A. , Park G.-H. , Paterson K. , Perez F. F. , Pierrot D. , Poisson A. , Ríos A. F. , Santana-Casiano J. M. , Salisbury J. , Sarma V. V. S. S. , Schlitzer R. , Schneider B. , Schuster U. , Sieger R. , Skjelvan I. , Steinhoff T. , Suzuki T. , Takahashi T. , Tedesco K. , Telszewski M. , Thomas H. , Tilbrook B. , Tjiputra J. , Vandemark D. , Veness T. , Wanninkhof R. , Watson A. J. , Weiss R. , Wong C. S. , Yoshikawa-Inoue H.
Published: August 2012

Abstract. A well documented, publicly available, global data set of surface ocean carbon dioxide (CO2) parameters has been called for by international groups for nearly two decades. The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) project was initiated by the international marine carbon science community in 2007 with the aim of providing a comprehensive, publicly available, regularly updated, global data set of marine surface CO2, which had been subject to quality control (QC). Many additional CO2 data, not yet made public via the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC), were retrieved from data originators, public websites and other data centres. All data were put in a uniform format following a strict protocol. Quality control was carried out according to clearly defined criteria. Regional specialists performed the quality control, using state-of-the-art web-based tools, specially developed for accomplishing this global team effort. SOCAT version 1.5 was made public in September 2011 and holds 6.3 million quality controlled surface CO2 data points from the global oceans and coastal seas, spanning four decades (1968–2007). Three types of data products are available: individual cruise files, a merged complete data set and gridded products. With the rapid expansion of marine CO2 data collection and the importance of quantifying net global oceanic CO2 uptake and its changes, sustained data synthesis and data access are priorities.
Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) gridded data products
Authors: Sabine C. L. , Hankin S. , Koyuk H. , Bakker D. C. E. , Pfeil B. , Olsen A. , Metzl N. , Kozyr A. , Fassbender A. , Manke A. , Malczyk J. , Akl J. , Alin S. R. , Bellerby R. G. J. , Borges A. , Boutin J. , Brown P. J. , Cai W.-J. , Chavez F. P. , Chen A. , Cosca C. , Feely R. A. , González-Dávila M. , Goyet C. , Hardman-Mountford N. , Heinze C. , Hoppema M. , Hunt C. W. , Hydes D. , Ishii M. , Johannessen T. , Key R. M. , Körtzinger A. , Landschützer P. , Lauvset S. K. , Lefèvre N. , Lenton A. , Lourantou A. , Merlivat L. , Midorikawa T. , Mintrop L. , Miyazaki C. , Murata A. , Nakadate A. , Nakano Y. , Nakaoka S. , Nojiri Y. , Omar A. M. , Padin X. A. , Park G.-H. , Paterson K. , Perez F. F. , Pierrot D. , Poisson A. , Ríos A. F. , Salisbury J. , Santana-Casiano J. M. , Sarma V. V. S. S. , Schlitzer R. , Schneider B. , Schuster U. , Sieger R. , Skjelvan I. , Steinhoff T. , Suzuki T. , Takahashi T. , Tedesco K. , Telszewski M. , Thomas H. , Tilbrook B. , Vandemark D. , Veness T. , Watson A. J. , Weiss R. , Wong C. S. , Yoshikawa-Inoue H.
Published: August 2012

Abstract. A well documented, publicly available, global data set for surface ocean carbon dioxide (CO2) parameters has been called for by international groups for nearly two decades. The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) project was initiated by the international marine carbon science community in 2007 with the aim of providing a comprehensive, publicly available, regularly updated, global data set of marine surface CO2, which had been subject to quality control (QC). SOCAT version 1.5 was made public in September 2011 and holds 6.3 million quality controlled surface CO2 data from the global oceans and coastal seas, spanning four decades (1968–2007). The SOCAT gridded data is the second data product to come from the SOCAT project. Recognizing that some groups may have trouble working with millions of measurements, the SOCAT gridded product was generated to provide a robust regularly spaced fCO2 product with minimal spatial and temporal interpolation which should be easier to work with for many applications. Gridded SOCAT is rich with information that has not been fully explored yet, but also contains biases and limitations that the user needs to recognize and address.
Hydrochemical variability at the Upper Paraguay Basin and Pantanal wetland
Authors: Rezende Filho A. T. , Furian S. , Victoria R. L. , Mascré C. , Valles V. , Barbiero L.
Published: August 2012

Abstract. Compartmentalization is a prerequisite to understand large wetlands that receive water from several sources. However, it faces the heterogeneity in space and time, resulting from physical, chemical and biological processes that are specific to wetlands. The Pantanal is a vast seasonally flooded continental wetland located in the centre of South America. The chemical composition of the waters that supply the Pantanal (70 rivers) has been studied in order to establish a compartmentalization of the wetland based on soil-water interactions. A PCA-based EMMA (End-Members Mixing Analysis) procedure shows that the chemistry of the rivers can be viewed as a mixture of 3 end-members, influenced by lithology and land use, and delimiting large regions. Although the chemical composition of the end-members changed between dry and wet seasons, their spatial distribution was maintained. The results were extended to the floodplain by simple tributary mixing calculation according to the hydrographical network and to the areas of influence for each river when in overflow conditions. The resulting map highlights areas of high geochemical contrast on either side of the river Cuiaba in the north, and of the rivers Aquidauana and Abobral in the south. The PCA-based treatment on a sampling conducted in the Nhecolândia, a large sub region of the Pantanal, allowed the identification and ordering of the processes that control the geochemical variability of the surface waters. Despite an enormous variability in electrical conductivity and pH, all data collected were in agreement with an evaporation process of the Taquari River water, which supplies the region. Evaporation and associated saline precipitations (Mg-calcite, Mg-silicates K-silicates) explained more than 77% of the total variability in the chemistry of the regional surface water sampling.
Geological evidence for paleotsunamis along eastern Sicily (Italy): an overview
Authors: De Martini P. M. , Barbano M. S. , Pantosti D. , Smedile A. , Pirrotta C. , Del Carlo P. , Pinzi S.
Published: August 2012

Abstract. We present geological evidence for paleotsunamis along the ~230 km-long coast of eastern Sicily (Italy); combining this information with historical data, we reconstruct a unique history of tsunami inundations. We integrate data on 38 paleotsunami deposits (from fine sand layers to boulders) collected at 11 sites (one offshore). The geological data record traces of large tsunamis which have occurred during the past 4 millennia. Chronological constrains include 14C, 210Pb and 137Cs, OSL and tephrochronology. When compatible, the age of the paleotsunami deposits is associated to historical events, but it is also used to highlight unknown tsunamis. Average tsunami recurrence interval (between 320 and 840 yr) and minimum inland tsunami ingressions (often greater than the historical ones) were estimated at several sites. On the basis of this work, the tsunami catalogue is implemented by two unknown tsunamis which occurred during the first millennium BC and by one unknown regional tsunami, which occurred in 650–770 AD. By including this latter event in the eastern Sicily catalogue, we estimate an average recurrence interval for strong tsunamis of ca. 385 yr. Comparison and merging of historical and geological data can definitely contribute to a better understanding of regional and local tsunami potential and provides robust parameters to be used in tsunami hazard estimates.
Export of Arctic freshwater components through the Fram Strait 1998–2010
Authors: Rabe B. , Dodd P. , Hansen E. , Falck E. , Schauer U. , Mackensen A. , Beszczynska-Möller A. , Kattner G. , Rohling E. J. , Cox K.
Published: August 2012

Abstract. The East Greenland Current in the Western Fram Strait is an important pathway for liquid freshwater export from the Arctic Ocean to the Nordic Seas and the North Atlantic subpolar gyre. We analysed five hydrographic surveys and data from moored current meters around 79° N in the Western Fram Strait between 1998 and 2010. To estimate the composition of southward liquid freshwater transports, inventories of liquid freshwater and components from Dodd et al. (2012) were combined with transport estimates from an inverse model between 10.6° W and 4° E. The southward liquid freshwater transports through the section averaged to 92 mSv (2900 km3 yr−1), relative to a salinity of 34.9. The transports consisted of 123 mSv water from rivers and precipitation (meteoric water), 28 mSv freshwater from the Pacific and 60 mSv freshwater deficit due to brine from ice formation. Variability in liquid freshwater and component transports appear to have been partly due to advection of these water masses to the Fram Strait and partly due to variations in the local volume transport; an exception are Pacific Water transports, which showed little co-variability with volume transports. An increase in Pacific Water transports from 2005 to 2010 suggests a release of Pacific Water from the Beaufort Gyre, in line with an observed expansion of Pacific Water towards the Eurasian Basin. The co-variability of meteoric water and brine from ice formation suggests joint processes in the main sea ice formation regions on the Arctic Ocean shelves. In addition, enhanced levels of sea ice melt observed in 2009 likely led to reduced transports of brine from ice formation. At least part of this additional ice melt appears to have been advected from the Beaufort Gyre and from north of the Bering Strait towards the Fram Strait. The observed changes in liquid freshwater component transports are much larger than known trends in the Arctic liquid freshwater inflow from rivers and the Pacific. Instead, recent observations of an increased storage of liquid freshwater in the Arctic Ocean suggest a decreased export of liquid freshwater. This raises the question how fast the accumulated liquid freshwater will be exported from the Arctic Ocean to the deep water formation regions in the North Atlantic and if an increased export will occur through the Fram Strait.
Qatar’s economy: Past, present and future
Authors: Ibrahim Ibrahim , Harrigan Frank
Published: August 2012

In this review, the story of Qatar’s economic emergence is told chronologically, beginning with Qatar’s independence and the discovery of the North Field gas reservoir in 1971 and ending with the steps that Qatar is now taking as it transitions towards a more diversified and innovative economy.
Experimental Study on Various Solar Still Designs
Authors: Arunkumar T. , Vinothkumar K. , Ahsan Amimul , Jayaprakash R. , Kumar Sanjay
Published: August 2012

Humankind has depended for ages on underground water reservoirs for its fresh water needs. But these sources do not always prove to be useful due to the presence of excessive salinity in the water. In this paper, the fabrication of seven solar still designs such as spherical solar still, pyramid solar still, hemispherical solar still, double basin glass solar still, concentrator coupled single slope solar still, tubular solar still and tubular solar still coupled with pyramid solar still and their performance evaluation in converting brackish water into fresh water for drinking are presented. The experiment was constructed and tested during January to May 2011. All the solar stills were operated in the same climatic conditions to analyze the influence of the modifications on the productivity. From the observations, the compound parabolic concentrator-assisted tubular solar still shows the maximum yield.
Online Boosting Algorithm Based on Two-Phase SVM Training
Authors: Yugov Vsevolod , Kumazawa Itsuo
Published: August 2012

We describe and analyze a simple and effective two-step online boosting algorithm that allows us to utilize highly effective gradient descent-based methods developed for online SVM training without the need to fine-tune the kernel parameters, and we show its efficiency by several experiments. Our method is similar to AdaBoost in that it trains additional classifiers according to the weights provided by previously trained classifiers, but unlike AdaBoost, we utilize hinge-loss rather than exponential loss and modify algorithm for the online setting, allowing for varying number of classifiers. We show that our theoretical convergence bounds are similar to those of earlier algorithms, while allowing for greater flexibility. Our approach may also easily incorporate additional nonlinearity in form of Mercer kernels, although our experiments show that this is not necessary for most situations. The pre-training of the additional classifiers in our algorithms allows for greater accuracy while reducing the times associated with usual kernel-based approaches. We compare our algorithm to other online training algorithms, and we show, that for most cases with unknown kernel parameters, our algorithm outperforms other algorithms both in runtime and convergence speed.
Incomplete Early Childhood Immunization Series and Missing Fourth DTaP Immunizations; Missed Opportunities or Missed Visits?
Authors: Robison Steve G.
Published: August 2012

The successful completion of early childhood immunizations is a proxy for overall quality of early care. Immunization statuses are usually assessed by up-to-date (UTD) rates covering combined series of different immunizations. However, series UTD rates often only bear on which single immunization is missing, rather than the success of all immunizations. In the US, most series UTD rates are limited by missing fourth DTaP-containing immunizations (diphtheria/tetanus/pertussis) due at 15 to 18 months of age. Missing 4th DTaP immunizations are associated either with a lack of visits at 15 to 18 months of age, or to visits without immunizations. Typical immunization data however cannot distinguish between these two reasons. This study compared immunization records from the Oregon ALERT IIS with medical encounter records for two-year olds in the Oregon Health Plan. Among those with 3 valid DTaPs by 9 months of age, 31.6% failed to receive a timely 4th DTaP; of those without a 4th DTaP, 42.1% did not have any provider visits from 15 through 18 months of age, while 57.9% had at least one provider visit. Those with a 4th DTaP averaged 2.45 encounters, while those with encounters but without 4th DTaPs averaged 2.23 encounters.
Incidence and Prognostic Factors for Legionnaires' Disease in Denmark 1993–2006
Authors: St-Martin G. , Uldum S. , Mølbak K.
Published: August 2012

Objectives. To describe the incidence of Legionnaires’ disease and factors affecting survival in Denmark from 1993 to 2006. Methods. Retrospective register study using data on episodes of Legionnaires’ disease from notification forms and the National Reference Laboratory, and information on comorbidity from national registers on discharge diagnoses and mortality. Results. The average annual incidence of laboratory confirmed cases was 1.5 per 100000 people. The 30-day case fatality was 19%, ranging from 7% in travellers to 37% in hospital-acquired cases. Patients older than 60 years and patients with underlying disease were more likely-to die, as were patients infected with L. pneumophila serogroup 6. The lowest mortality was seen for L. pneumophila serogroup 1. Conclusion. Increased awareness of the disease, better diagnostics, and appropriate testing and treatment strategies are needed to improve survival. In particular, we focus on the relevance of diagnostic methods, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), that detect other serogroups than the urinary antigen tests used that will only reliably detect antigen from L. pneumophila serogroup 1. PCR is faster and more sensitive than culture.
Estado nutricional e avaliação do perfil lipídico em pacientes soropositivos atendidos em um Serviço de Assistência Especializada no Vale do Taquari – RS
Authors: Wink Catia Caye , Pozzobon Adriane , Dal Bosco Simone Morelo
Published: August 2012

Introdução: O vírus da imunodeficiência humana é o causador da AIDS, e indivíduos soropositivos podem ser dependentes de antirretrovirais. Objetivos: Avaliar o estado nutricional e o perfil lipídico de 38 pacientes soropositivos, atendidos em um serviço de assistência especializada. Métodos: Os participantes foram divididos em dois grupos: um grupo tratado com terapia antirretroviral; e outro, sem. Resultados: A média da idade foi 43,1 anos no grupo com terapia; e 36,8 anos, no sem terapia. A avaliação antropométrica revelou eutrofia nos dois grupos (23,87 kg/m2, no grupo com terapia, e 23,66 kg/m2, no sem). No perfil lipídico, percebeu-se aumento significativo do colesterol total no grupo com terapia (212,73 mg/dL), em relação ao grupo sem (163 mg/dL); o LDL também aumentou no grupo com terapia (133,76mg/dL), comparado ao sem (97,78mg/dL). A ingestão dos macronutrientes ficou dentro da normalidade. Conclusão: O uso de terapia antirretroviral por pacientes soropositivos pode alterar o perfil lipídico.
Apoio manual na cintura escapular aumenta a coativação durante o treino de marcha de crianças com paralisia cerebral
Authors: Ries Lilian Gerdi Kittel , Piucco Elaine Carmelita , Martinello Micheli
Published: August 2012

Introdução: Não foram encontrados estudos nos quais tenham sido examinadas diferentes estratégias terapêuticas utilizadas como recurso no treino de marcha de crianças com paralisia cerebral. Objetivos: Comparar o nível de atividade e coativação dos músculos tibial anterior e gastrocnêmio medial durante duas estratégias utilizadas no treino de marcha: uma, com uso de andador; e uma, com apoio manual na cintura escapular. Métodos: Foram analisadas cinco crianças com paralisia cerebral. O grau de espasticidade das crianças foi avaliado por meio da Escala de Espasticidade Ashworth Modificada. Os sinais mioelétricos foram analisados por meio da amplitude da atividade eletromiográfica e do índice de coativação. Resultados: Durante a marcha com apoio manual na cintura escapular, houve um significativo aumento (p
Perfil dos cuidadores das instituições de longa permanência para idosos de Itaúna – MG
Authors: Lopes Renata Antunes , Mitre Natália Corradi Drumond , Coelho Marlete Aparecida Gonçalves Melo , De Queiroz Bárbara Zille
Published: August 2012

Introdução: Atualmente, há um aumento da demanda por instituições de longa permanência pelos idosos e aumento do ônus físico-emocional dos cuidadores. Objetivo: Descrever o perfil sociodemográfico dos cuidadores das instituições de longa permanência para idosos (ILPI) de Itaúna (MG) e avaliar a relação entre sintomas depressivos, qualidade de vida e ansiedade. Métodos: Foram incluídos os cuidadores formais das duas ILPIs do município. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: entrevista sociodemográfica, avaliação da qualidade de vida, ansiedade e sintomas depressivos. Resultados: Dos 25 cuidadores, mais de 50% são do sexo feminino, sedentários, casados e com ensino fundamental incompleto; 48% e 92% dos cuidadores apresentam sintomas depressivos e ansiedade, respectivamente. Houve correlação negativa entre sintomas depressivos e qualidade de vida; e correlação positiva, entre sintomas depressivos e ansiedade. Conclusão: Os resultados confirmaram que é necessária uma abordagem multidisciplinar dos problemas de saúde dos cuidadores para que possam cuidar melhor dos idosos institucionalizados.
Avaliação da independência funcional de pacientes pós-internados em unidade de terapia intensiva
Authors: Garcia Nathalia Guimarães , Pereira Daniel Martins , Silva Baldomero Antonio Kato , Reis Filipe Abdalla dos
Published: August 2012

Objetivo: Nesta pesquisa, objetivou-se avaliar e comparar o nível de independência funcional de pacientes, nos períodos antes e 7, 15, 30 e 60 dias após a internação em UTI, quanto a cuidados pessoais, mobilidade, locomoção e comunicação. Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo longitudinal prospectivo, no qual foi avaliada a independência funcional dos participantes utilizando a Medida de Independência Funcional (MIF) em forma de questionário, nos períodos de junho e julho de 2010. Resultados: A pontuação da MIF total para a amostra estudada antes da alta da UTI foi 126,0; e após 7, 15, 30 e 60 dias foi 51,7 (p
Efeitos da intervenção multidisciplinar sobre a ingestão alimentar em adolescentes obesos
Authors: Andrade Maria Laura Siqueira de Souza , Silva Humberto José Gomes da , Lofrano-Prado Mara Cristina , Ferreira Moacir De Novaes Lima , Lins Tatiana Acioli , Costi Roberta Burkhardt , Prado Wagner Luiz
Published: August 2012

Introdução: A ingestão alimentar constitui-se em uma das maiores barreiras para intervenções em adolescentes obesos. Objetivos: Analisar os efeitos da intervenção multidisciplinar sobre a ingestão alimentar de adolescentes obesos. Métodos: Este estudo caracteriza-se como pré-experimental e descritivo. A amostra foi composta por 33 adolescentes obesos, com idade entre 12 e 18 anos. Os adolescentes receberam intervenção nutricional, psicológica, clínica e física. Utilizou-se o registro alimentar de três dias e o valor energético total da dieta foi estimado por meio do software Nutwin (antes e após 12 semanas). Diferenças entre os momentos foram determinadas utilizando-se o teste “t” de Student para amostras dependentes. Resultados: A intervenção foi eficiente na redução da ingestão energética total (p=0,05), ingestão de lipídios (p=0,02), proteínas (p=0,01) e sódio (p=0,02). Conclusões: A intervenção multidisciplinar foi capaz de alterar os hábitos alimentares dos adolescentes, o que é essencial para a redução ponderal e manutenção da massa corporal.
Associação do polimorfismo do gene receptor 5HT-2A e síncope vasovagal
Authors: Lorenzini Elisiane , Markoski Melissa Medeiros , Biason Livia , Barbisan Juarez Neuhaus , Frazzon Ana Paula Guedes
Published: August 2012

Introdução: Síncope Vasovagal é uma patologia muito frequente, porém sua fisiopatologia não é bem conhecida. Objetivos: Verificar a associação do polimorfismo T102C 5HT-2A e síncope vasovagal. Métodos: Este estudo de caso-controle incluiu 106 pacientes, selecionados entre março de 2007 e dezembro de 2008. Cinquenta e três participantes com história de síncope e teste de inclinação positivo foram comparados com 53, sem história de síncope, em relação à presença do polimorfismo. Resultados: Dos pacientes estudados, 11 (22%) do grupo caso e 4 (8%) do controle tinham história familiar em primeiro grau de síncope (p=0,03). Na análise de regressão logística, os homozigotos 102C (OR 4,54; IC 95%: 1,14–0,97; p= 0,02) e a história familiar (OR 2,86; IC 95%: 0,97 – 8,39; p=0,03) estavam independentemente associados à maior chance de síncope vasovagal. Conclusões: Pacientes com história familiar de síncope e homozigotos 102C têm mais chance de apresentar síncope vasovagal.
Efeito agudo do alongamento estático sobre a força muscular isométrica
Authors: Costa Silva Gabriel Vasconcellos de Lima , Silveira Anderson Luiz Bezerra da , Di Masi Fabrízio , Bentes Cláudio Melibeu , Miranda Humberto Lameira , Novaes Jefferson Da Silva
Published: August 2012

Objetivo: Verificar o efeito agudo do alongamento estático sobre a força muscular estática. Métodos: Participaram 25 sujeitos saudáveis, com experiência em treinamento de força, divididos aleatoriamente. Um grupo realizou dois testes de preensão manual precedido de alongamento dos músculos flexores do punho com amplitude articular até o ponto de desconforto, com sustentação do movimento por 30 segundos. O outro grupo realizou os mesmos testes sem ser precedido por nenhum tipo de exercício. Após 48 horas, os grupos inverteram o protocolo de treinamento. Para comparação entre as médias nos diferentes testes a análise estatística utilizada foi teste “t” para amostras não pareadas. Resultados: Foi verificada uma tendência de redução de força (p=0,06) em homens; e reduções estatisticamente significativas (p≤0,05), nas mulheres, ambos com melhor desempenho, quando apenas o teste de preensão manual foi executado. Conclusão: O protocolo de alongamento adotado neste estudo, causa de forma aguda, efeito negativo na produção de força isométrica.
Evolução antropométrica, postural e do equilíbrio de crianças com sobrepeso e obesidade
Authors: Camargo Carla Súnega , Pereira Karina
Published: August 2012

Objetivo: Verificar dados antropométricos, a postura e o equilíbrio de crianças no Ambulatório de Distúrbios Nutricionais. Métodos: Participaram 20 crianças com idade de 8,4 (±1,5) anos, atendidas por uma equipe multiprofissional (médico, nutricionista e fisioterapeuta). Foram avaliados os dados antropométricos (IMC), a postura e o equilíbrio estático e dinâmico das crianças ao entrarem no projeto do ambulatório, e após três meses. Na primeira avaliação, passaram-se orientações quanto à dieta, à prática de exercício físico e à correção de postura. Os dados foram analisados de forma descritiva e pelo teste de Wilcoxon, nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Na primeira avaliação, as crianças apresentaram IMC de 23,67 (±2,6) kg/m²; e na segunda, de 23,65 (±2,4) kg/m²; a alteração postural mais observada foi abdômen protuso em ambas as avaliações (75% e 70%, respectivamente). No equilíbrio estático, houve diferença nas tarefas de imobilidade (p=0,054, do perfil eupráxico para hiperpráxico) e de apoio retilíneo (p=0,021, do dispráxico para eupráxico). Conclusão: O sobrepeso e a obesidade alteraram a postura e o equilíbrio das crianças avaliadas, e com as orientações foi possível verificar algumas mudanças no perfil psicomotor.
Prevalência de distúrbios do sono em crianças de 5 a 10 anos
Authors: Orengo Frederico Fontes , Lopes Renata Bandeira de Melo , Wojcieszyn Waleska Sena Nogueira , De Melo Tatiane Castanha , Barros Renata Albino , Dos Santos Júnior Djalma Feliciano , Vancea Denise Maria Martins
Published: August 2012

Introdução: O sono é um estado de proteção para o organismo que, durante esse estágio, passa por diversas alterações fisiológicas. É um processo de reorganização da atividade do sistema nervoso. Distúrbios do sono acometem pessoas das mais diversas faixas etárias, podendo atingir desde crianças a adultos. Objetivo: Verificar a prevalência dos distúrbios do sono na população infantil residentes no Distrito Sanitário II do município do Recife. Métodos: Aplicou-se um questionário, baseado no Índice de Qualidade de Sono Pittsburgh, aos pais das crianças ou aos responsáveis por elas. Resultados: A análise das respostas mostrou que 16,9% das crianças se enquadravam como “maus dormidores”, apresentando escore entre 6 e 15, sendo 57% do sexo feminino; e 43%, do masculino. Conclusão: Os resultados apresentaram uma parcela considerável de crianças com algum tipo de distúrbio do sono, indicando uma possível subnotificação da má qualidade do sono da população infantil no atendimento básico de saúde.
Comparação entre duas técnicas de análise de fibras elásticas pulmonares em coelhos prematuros
Authors: Thereza Fernanda Polastri , Silva Mariana Mendes , Dos Santos Rodrigo Leonel , Aquino Bruno Garcia , Rebello Celso Moura , Mascaretti Renata Suman , Manzano Roberta Munhoz
Published: August 2012

Introdução: A displasia broncopulmonar se caracteriza por um bloqueio no desenvolvimento pulmonar. Objetivo: Comparar a eficiência de duas técnicas de análise de fibras elásticas em pulmão de coelhos prematuros. Métodos: Coelhos prematuros nascidos no 28º e 29º dia de gestação foram submetidos a ar ambiente ou oxigênio, durante 11 dias, após serem randomizados nos quatro grupos, a seguir: AR28, O228 (FiO2 ≥ 95%), AR29 e O229 (FiO2 = 80%). Os pulmões foram retirados e corados para análise de fibras elásticas. Foram utilizados o microscópio Nikkon E600 e o programa de análise de imagem (Image-Pro Plus 4.5). Para a comparação entre a análise microscópio versus programa foi utilizado o teste “t” pareado. Resultados: Houve diferença significativa entre as formas de análise de fibras elásticas, realizadas no microscópio e no programa (p
Correlação entre o padrão alimentar e a saúde bucal de uma população pobre residente no sul do Brasil
Authors: Figueiredo Márcia Cançado , Silva Kátia Valença Correia Leandro da , Boaz Cristina Maria Silveira , Fabrício Fabiana Kapper
Published: August 2012

Objetivos: Realizar uma comparação entre o tipo de padrão alimentar e o estado de saúde bucal de 483 moradores do bairro Figueirinha, do município de Xangri-Lá, Rio Grande do Sul. Método: Este estudo transversal, observacional e analítico foi realizado por meio de visitas domiciliares, utilizando-se questionários padronizados relacionados com o padrão alimentar e exames intraorais que levaram em consideração a presença de placa visível, sangramento gengival, número de dentes hígidos, restaurados, cariados e perdidos. Resultados: Do total de pacientes, 58,79% possuem experiência de cárie; 32,71%, pelo menos um dente obturado; e 49,27%, pelo menos um dente perdido. Analiticamente, não existe diferença significativa entre os grupos alimentares, não permitindo correlacionar o padrão de dieta com a situação de saúde bucal das pessoas. Conclusão: As más condições de saúde bucal da população estudada dependeram de vários fatores, dentre eles os socioeconômicos. Situações de pobreza aumentaram a precariedade da saúde ali encontrada.
Fatores de risco para desenvolvimento de úlceras de pressão em UTI
Authors: Wouters Franco Rockenbach Carla , Morás Borges Aline , Busin do Amaral Renata , Bordin Eliane
Published: August 2012

Introdução: As úlceras por pressão (UP) representam um problema de saúde pública, necessitando maior investigação quanto à sua incidência e prevalência. Objetivo: Avaliar os fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de UP em indivíduos internados em UTI. Método: Coorte prospectiva, desenvolvida nas UTIs e Unidade Semi-Intensiva de um hospital localizado no norte do RS. Participaram 97 indivíduos, sendo coletados dados de identificação, uso e tempo de ventilação mecânica, dados antropométricos, comorbidades, características e localização das UPs. Resultados: A localização mais frequente de UP foi na região dos calcâneos 39 (63,1%). Nas 108 ocorrências de UP, 36 (37,1%) indivíduos apresentaram 55 úlceras de grau I. Foi observada maior incidência de UP em relação à idade, tempo de internação e de ventilação mecânica e menor escore na escala de Glasgow. Conclusão: A incidência de UP foi significativamente associada à idade, sepse, tempo de internação e de ventilação mecânica e escala de Glasgow.
A DIDÁTICA E A FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES
Authors: Junqueira Marin Alda , Gouvêa Oliveira Penna Marieta , Colacioppo Rodrigues Ana Carolina
Published: August 2012

A partir da reafirmação do ensino como foco da didática, o artigo aborda o significado de disciplina escolar e sua constituição em saberes escolares. Na sequência, discute-se o que ocorre nos cursos de formação de docentes para a educação básica a partir do que revelam algumas pesquisas sobre a disciplina Didática nesses cursos e sobre as dificuldades didáticas dos docentes em início de carreira. Os eixos privilegiados nas pesquisas abordadas foram: análise do currículo e das ementas da disciplina, análise dos planos de ensino, o ensino na sala de aula, representações sobre a disciplina e especificidade da didática. Com o exercício analítico dos dados revelados nas pesquisas, são expostas algumas considerações que visam a subsidiar o enfrentamento dos problemas evidenciados na área da didática, defendendo a urgência de se retomar o papel central conferido à Didática como componente curricular dos cursos de formação de professores.
O FAZER-SE MULHER EM COMUNIDADE:UMA “MATEMÁTICA MUITO SENSÍVEL
Authors: Guariza Nadia Maria
Published: August 2012

Este artigo trata das narrativas das participantes das Comunidades Eclesiais de Base(CEBs), Vila São Pedro, em Curitiba, PR, nas décadas de 1960 e 1970, sobre as suas experiências nas comunidades. O objetivo da análise das entrevistas é perceber como elas significaram o seu papel nas comunidades, sobretudo como mulheres, evidenciando as diferenças entre homens e mulheres nas CEBs. Por isso, este artigo se inscreve entre os estudos de gênero que empregam a metodologia da história oral. As entrevistas com essas mulheres revelaram as suas trajetórias de vida; na sua maior parte são provenientes do interior e, por uma série de dificuldades familiares e pessoais,tiveram que se mudar para Curitiba. Assim que chegaram, procuraram estabelecer um vínculo com a igreja mais próxima e, aos poucos, foram motivadas a participar das CEBs, assumindo os mais variados ministérios no interior da comunidade. Este artigo trata justamente da experiência dessas mulheres no exercício desses ministérios, com a finalidadede inferir como a experiência contribuiu para a construção de suas subjetividades.
Unfolding the Fullerene: Nanotubes, Graphene and Poly‐Elemental Varieties by Simulations
Authors: Penev Evgeni S. , Artyukhov Vasilii I. , Ding Feng , Yakobson Boris I.
Published: August 2012

Recent research progress in nanostructured carbon has built upon and yet advanced far from the studies of more conventional carbon forms such as diamond, graphite, and perhaps coals. To some extent, the great attention to nano‐carbons has been ignited by the discovery of the structurally least obvious, counterintuitive, small strained fullerene cages. Carbon nanotubes, discovered soon thereafter, and recently, the great interest in graphene, ignited by its extraordinary physics, are all interconnected in a blend of cross‐fertilizing fields. Here we review the theoretical and computational models development in our group at Rice University, towards understanding the key structures and behaviors in the immense diversity of carbon allotropes. Our particular emphasis is on the role of certain transcending concepts (like elastic instabilities, dislocations, edges, etc.) which serve so well across the scales and for chemically various compositions.
Small Silicon, Big Opportunities: The Development and Future of Colloidally‐Stable Monodisperse Silicon Nanocrystals
Authors: Mastronardi Melanie L. , Henderson Eric J. , Puzzo Daniel P. , Ozin Geoffrey A.
Published: August 2012

Nanomaterials are becoming increasingly widespread in consumer technologies, but there is global concern about the toxicity of nanomaterials to humans and the environment as they move rapidly from the research laboratory to the market place. With this in mind, it makes sense to intensify the nanochemistry community's global research effort on the synthesis and study of nanoparticles that are purportedly “green”. One potentially green nanoparticle that seems to be a most promising candidate in this context is silicon, whose appealing optical, optoelectronic, photonic, and biomedical attributes are recently gaining much attention. In this paper, we outline some of our recent contributions to the development of the growing field of silicon nanocrystals (ncSi) in order to stress the importance of continued study of ncSi as a green alternative to the archetypal semiconductor nanocrystals like CdSe, InAs, and PbS. While a variety of developments in synthetic methods, characterization techniques, and applications have been reported in recent years, the ability to prepare colloidally‐stable monodisperse ncSi samples may prove to have the largest impact on the field, as it opens the door to study and access the tunable size‐dependent properties of ncSi. Here, we summarize our recent contributions in size‐separation methods to achieve monodisperse samples, the characterization of size‐dependant property trends, the development of ncSi applications, and their potential impact on the promising future of ncSi.
Gastrointestinal delivery of glipizide from carboxymethyl locust bean gum–Al3+–alginate hydrogel network: In vitro and in vivo performance
Authors: Dey Paramita , Maiti Sabyasachi , Sa Biswanath
Published: August 2012

Sodium alginate and carboxymethyl locust bean gum (CMLBG) were reticulated in an aqueous solution of AlCl3, and this novel interpenetrating network (IPN) hydrogel encapsulated about 93–98% glipizide. The degree of reticulation in the spherical IPN beads was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, neutralization equivalent determination, tensile strength testing, and differential scanning calorimetry analysis. An increase in the CMLBG weight ratio and the degree of crosslinking in the IPN was found to increase mean dissolution time of the encapsulated drug. The dissolution efficiency was found to be much higher in the medium at pH 7.4 than at pH 1.2. The swelling of IPN depended on the pH of the medium, and accordingly, monitored the drug release for a period of 8 h. The anomalous drug transport mechanism was presumed to be operative. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed the drug's stability in the IPN during encapsulation. The IPN showed significant hypoglycemic activity on male Wistar rats for up to 10 h. This could be beneficial for diabetic patients for achieving control over blood glucose levels. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
UV‐induced crosslinking and cyclization of solution‐cast polyacrylonitrile copolymer
Authors: Morales Marlon S. , Ogale Amod A.
Published: August 2012

An alternative, rapid stabilization route for polyacrylonitrile (PAN) precursors is reported based on UV‐induced crosslinking and cyclization reactions. Two mechanisms of photoinitiation were investigated: homolytic cleavage and hydrogen abstraction. Solution‐cast PAN copolymer samples were irradiated for different durations (100, 300, and 600 s) and temperatures (∼65 and 100°C, below and above glass transition temperature respectively). FTIR spectra show the formation of carbon–oxygen, carbon–nitrogen, and carbon–carbon double bonds (1450–1700 cm−1 region) attributed to the development of cyclized structure. Conversion indices estimated from the FTIR spectra indicate samples containing hydrogen abstraction photoinitiator show higher extents of cyclization among the three main set of samples. This observation was also confirmed by higher gel percentages measured on the same set of samples. FTIR conversion indices of samples UV‐treated above glass transition temperature were higher compared with that for the same specimens UV‐treated below glass transition temperature. DSC results show that samples containing hydrogen abstraction photoinitiator enable a higher extent of post‐UV thermal cyclization. FTIR spectra of the UV treated samples were compared with conventional thermal stabilized specimens. This comparison confirms that the addition of 1 wt % photoinitiator to PAN followed by 5 min of UV treatment increases the rate of the cyclization reaction and reduces the thermal oxidation time by over an hour, which could significantly reduce the conventional stabilization time by half. These results indicate the potential for an energy‐efficient, cost‐effective route for producing carbon fibers. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013