bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Layering and vertical transport in sheared double-diffusive convection in the diffusive regime
Authors: Yang Yantao , Verzicco Roberto , Lohse Detlef , Caulfield C.P.
Published: December 2021

A sequence of two- and three-dimensional simulations are conducted for the double-diffusive convection (DDC) flows in the diffusive regime subjected to an imposed shear. For a wide range of control parameters, and for sufficiently strong perturbation of the conductive initial state, staircase-like structures spontaneously develop, with relatively well-mixed layers separated by sharp interfaces of enhanced scalar gradient. Such staircases appear to be robust even in the presence of strong shear over very long times, with early-time coarsening of the observed layers. For the same set of control parameters, different asymptotic layered states, with markedly different vertical scalar fluxes, can arise for different initial perturbation structures. The imposed shear significantly spatio-temporally modifies the vertical transport of the various scalars. The flux ratio

$\gamma ^*$

(i.e. the ratio between the density fluxes due to the total salt flux and the total heat flux) is found, at steady state, to be essentially equal to the square root of the ratio of the salt diffusivity to the thermal diffusivity, consistent with the physical model proposed by Linden & Shirtcliffe (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 87, 1978, pp. 417–432) and the variational arguments presented by Stern (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 114, 1982, pp. 105–121) for unsheared double-diffusive convection.
Hydrodynamic interactions and extreme particle clustering in turbulence
Authors: Bragg Andrew D. , Hammond Adam L. , Dhariwal Rohit , Meng Hui
Published: December 2021

Expanding recent observations by Hammond & Meng (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 921, 2021, A16), we present a range of detailed experimental data of the radial distribution function (r.d.f.) of inertial particles in isotropic turbulence for different Stokes number,$St$, showing that the r.d.f. grows explosively with decreasing separationr, exhibiting$r^{-6}$scaling as the collision radius is approached, regardless of$St$or particle radius$a$. To understand such explosive clustering, we correct a number of errors in the theory by Yavuzet al.(Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 120, 2018, 244504) based on hydrodynamic interactions between pairs of small, weakly inertial particles. A comparison between the corrected theory and the experiment shows that the theory by Yavuzet al.underpredicts the r.d.f. by orders of magnitude. To explain this discrepancy, we explore several alternative mechanisms for this discrepancy that were not included in the theory and show that none of them are likely the explanation. This suggests new, yet-to-be-identified physical mechanisms are at play, requiring further investigation and new theories.
Innovative application of postbiotics, parabiotics and encapsulated Lactobacillus plantarum RM1 and Lactobacillus paracasei KC39 for detoxification of aflatoxin M1 in milk powder
Authors: Mogahed Fahim Karima , Noah Badr Ahmed , Gamal Shehata Mohamed , Ibrahim Hassanen Eman , Ibrahim Ahmed Lamiaa
Published: December 2021

This study aimed to evaluate aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) level in milk powder and infant milk formulae, in addition to applying innovative methods for AFM1 & AFB1 detoxification. Fifty random samples of milk powder and infant formulae (25 of each) were collected from the Egyptian markets for assessing AFM1 level using ELISA technique. Bioactive components comprising cell free supernatants (postbiotic), acid-dead cells (parabiotic) and the encapsulated-cells of Lactobacillus plantarum RM1 and Lactobacillus paracasei KC39 were evaluated for their antifungal activity against toxigenic mold strains and their impact on AFB1 and AFM1 reduction in reconstituted milk powder. AFM1 concentration in unpacked milk powder was higher than that of packed samples and infant formulae, although these differences were not significant (P > 0.05). About 96.0, 29.4 and 25.0% of the tested infant formulae, unpacked, and packed milk powder were unacceptable in terms of the AFM1 limit defined by Egyptian and European standards, while all samples were in accordance with the USA/FDA standard. All tested mycotoxigenic strains were sensitive to the different treatments of the probiotics with the highest sensitivity regarding Fusarium strain with L. paracasei KC39 compared to other genera. The degradation ratios of AFM1 using the bioactives of the L. paracasei KC39 were higher than that of L. plantarum RM1 bioactives. Additionally, KC39 parabiotic manifested the best AFB1 reduction (60.56%). In conclusion, the positive and highly significant relationship (P < 0.05) between these effective biocompounds mirrors their major detoxification role which gives a safe solution for AFs contamination issues in milk and milk products.
The moderation of the genetic risk for alcohol and drug use disorders in a Swedish national sample by the genetic aptitude for educational attainment
Authors: Kendler Kenneth S. , Ohlsson Henrik , Sundquist Jan , Sundquist Kristina
Published: December 2021

Background

Does the genetic aptitude for educational attainment (GAEA) moderate the genetic risk for alcohol use disorder (AUD) and drug use disorder (DUD)?

Methods

In the native Swedish population, born 1960–1980 and followed through 2017 (n = 1 862 435), the family genetic risk score (FGRS) for AUD and DUD and GAEA were calculated from, respectively, the educational attainment and risk for AUD and DUD, of 1st through 5th degree relatives from Swedish national registers. Analyses utilized Aalen's linear hazards models.

Results

Risk for AUD was robustly predicted by the main effects of FGRSAUD [b = 6.32 (95% CI 6.21–6.43), z = 64.9, p < 0.001) and GAEA [b = −2.90 (2.83–2.97), z = 44.1, p < 0.001] and their interaction [b = −1.93 (1.83–2.03), z = 32.9, p < 0.001]. Results were similar for the prediction of DUD by the main effects of FGRSDUD [b = 4.65 (CI 4.56–4.74), z = 59.4, p < 0.001] and GAEA [−2.08 (2.03–2.13), z = 46.4, p < 0.001] and their interaction [b = −1.58 (1.50–1.66)), z = 30.2, p < 0.001]. The magnitude of the interactions between GAEA and FGRSAUD and FGRSDUD in the prediction of, respectively, AUD and DUD was attenuated only slightly by the addition of educational attainment to the model.

Conclusions and relevance

The genetic propensity to high educational attainment robustly moderates the genetic risk for both AUD and DUD such that the impact of the genetic liability to AUD and DUD on the risk of illness is substantially attenuated in those with high v. low GAEA. This effect is not appreciably mediated by the actual level of educational attainment. These naturalistic findings could form the basis of prevention efforts in high-risk youth.
Macroscopic limit of a kinetic model describing the switch in T cell migration modes via binary interactions
Authors: ESTRADA-RODRIGUEZ G. , LORENZI T.
Published: December 2021

Experimental results on the immune response to cancer indicate that activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) through interactions with dendritic cells (DCs) can trigger a change in CTL migration patterns. In particular, while CTLs in the pre-activation state move in a non-local search pattern, the search pattern of activated CTLs is more localised. In this paper, we develop a kinetic model for such a switch in CTL migration modes. The model is formulated as a coupled system of balance equations for the one-particle distribution functions of CTLs in the pre-activation state, activated CTLs and DCs. CTL activation is modelled via binary interactions between CTLs in the pre-activation state and DCs. Moreover, cell motion is represented as a velocity-jump process, with the running time of CTLs in the pre-activation state following a long-tailed distribution, which is consistent with a Lévy walk, and the running time of activated CTLs following a Poisson distribution, which corresponds to Brownian motion. We formally show that the macroscopic limit of the model comprises a coupled system of balance equations for the cell densities, whereby activated CTL movement is described via a classical diffusion term, whilst a fractional diffusion term describes the movement of CTLs in the pre-activation state. The modelling approach presented here and its possible generalisations are expected to find applications in the study of the immune response to cancer and in other biological contexts in which switch from non-local to localised migration patterns occurs.
Open Astronomy and Big Data Science
Authors: Koribalski Bärbel S.
Published: December 2021

Open Astronomy is an important and valuable goal, including the availability of refereed science papers and user-friendly public astronomy data archives. The latter allow and encourage interested researchers from around the world to visualise, analyse and possibly download data from many different science and frequency domains. With the enormous growth of data volumes and complexity, open archives are essential to explore ideas and make discoveries. Open source software is equally important for many reasons, including reproducibility and collaboration. I will present examples of open archive and software tools, including the CSIRO ASKAP Science Data Archive (CASDA), the Local Volume HI Survey (LVHIS), the 3D Source Finding Application (SoFiA) and the Busy Function (BF). Astronomy is international and includes or links to an incredibly wide range of sciences, computing, engineering, and education. Its open nature can serve as an example for world-wide interdisciplinary collaborations.
Role of Contamination in Optimal Droplet Production by Collective Bubble Bursting
Authors: Néel B. , Erinin M. A. , Deike L.
Published: December 2021

Gas bubbles bursting at the sea surface produce drops, which contribute to marine aerosols. The contamination or enrichment of water by surface‐active agents, of biological or anthropogenic origin, has long been recognized as affecting the bubble bursting processes and the spray composition. However, despite an improved understanding of the physics of a single bursting event, a quantitative understanding of the role of the physico‐chemical conditions on assemblies of bursting bubbles remains elusive. We present experiments on the drop production by millimetric, collective bursting bubbles, under varying surfactant concentration and bubble density. We demonstrate that the production of supermicron droplets (with radius larger than 35 μm) is non‐monotonic as the surfactant concentration increases. The bursting efficiency is optimal for short‐lived, sparsely distributed and non‐coalescing bubbles. We identify the combined role of contamination on the surface bubble arrangement and the modification of the jet drop production process in the bursting efficiency.
Energetic Electron Precipitation Driven by the Combined Effect of ULF, EMIC, and Whistler Waves
Authors: Bashir M. Fraz , Artemyev Anton , Zhang Xiao‐Jia , Angelopoulos Vassilis
Published: December 2021

Energetic electron losses in the Earth's inner magnetosphere are dominated by outward radial diffusion and scattering into the atmosphere by various electromagnetic waves. The two most important wave modes responsible for electron scattering are electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves and whistler‐mode waves (whistler waves) that, acting together, can provide rapid electron losses over a wide energy range from few keV to few MeV. Wave‐particle resonant interaction resulting in electron scattering is well described by quasi‐linear diffusion theory using the cold plasma dispersion, whereas the effects of nonlinear resonances and hot plasma dispersion are less well understood. This study aims to examine these effects and estimate their significance for a particular event during which both wave modes are quasi‐periodically modulated by ultra‐low‐frequency (ULF) compressional waves. Such modulation of EMIC and whistler wave amplitudes provides a unique opportunity to compare nonlinear resonant scattering (important for the most intense waves) with quasi‐linear diffusion (dominant for low‐intensity waves). The same modulation of plasma properties allows better characterization of hot plasma effects on the EMIC wave dispersion. Although hot plasma effects significantly increase the minimum resonant energy, Emin, for the most intense EMIC waves, such effects become negligible for the higher frequency part of the hydrogen‐band EMIC wave spectrum. Nonlinear phase trapping of 300–500 keV electrons through resonances with whistler waves may accelerate and make them resonant with EMIC waves that, in turn, quickly scatter those electrons into the loss‐cone. Our results highlight the importance of nonlinear effects for simulations of energetic electron fluxes in the inner magnetosphere.
Primary Versus Secondary Gravity Wave Responses at F‐Region Heights Generated by a Convective Source
Authors: Heale C. J. , Inchin P. A. , Snively J. B.
Published: December 2021

A 2D nonlinear, compressible model is used to simulate the acoustic‐gravity wave (AGW, i.e., encompassing the spectrum of acoustic and gravity waves) response to a thunderstorm squall‐line type source. We investigate the primary and secondary neutral AGW response in the thermosphere, consistent with waves that can couple to the F‐region ionospheric plasma, and manifest as Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances (TIDs). We find that primary waves at z = 240 km altitude have wavelengths and phase speeds in the range 170–270 km, and 180–320 m/s, respectively. The secondary waves generated have wavelengths ranging from ∼100 to 600 km, and phase speeds from 300 to 630 m/s. While there is overlap in the wave spectra, we find that the secondary waves (i.e., those that have been nonlinearly transformed or generated secondarily/subsequently from the primary wave) generally have faster phases than the primary waves. We also assess the notion that waves with fast phase speeds (that exceed proposed theoretical upper limits on passing from the mesosphere to thermosphere) observed at F‐region heights must be secondary waves, for example, those generated in situ by wave breaking in the lower thermosphere, rather than directly propagating primary waves from their sources. We find that primary waves with phase speeds greater than this proposed upper limit can tunnel through a deep portion of the lower/middle atmosphere and emerge as propagating waves in the thermosphere. Therefore, comparing a TID's/GWs phase speed with this upper limit is not a robust method of identifying whether an observed TID originates from a primary versus secondary AGW.
Effect of Biomass Burning on PM2.5 Composition and Secondary Aerosol Formation During Post‐Monsoon and Winter Haze Episodes in Delhi
Authors: Lalchandani V. , Srivastava D. , Dave J. , Mishra S. , Tripathi N. , Shukla A. K. , Sahu R. , Thamban N. M. , Gaddamidi S. , Dixit K. , Ganguly D. , Tiwari S. , Srivastava A. K. , Sahu L. , Rastogi N. , Gargava P. , Tripathi S. N.
Published: December 2021

Delhi metropolitan area suffers from extreme haze during the post‐monsoon and winter season, impacting climate, public health, and economy. We used a high‐resolution time‐of‐flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR‐ToF‐AMS) and aethalometer at two urban locations in Delhi to capture non‐refractory PM2.5 (NR‐PM2.5) and black carbon (BC) during the post‐monsoon and winter season of 2019–2020. Four haze periods with high composition based‐PM2.5 (C‐PM2.5 = NR‐PM2.5 + BC) concentration and distinct chemical composition were identified, during all of which organics dominated but with varying contribution (∼[50%–70%] of C‐PM2.5). Biomass burning organic aerosol (BBOA) was dominant in all periods (∼[31%–45%] of OA), but the majority of it was highly aged ∼(45%–50%) with high O/C (0.71 and 0.46 at the two sites), formed most likely through rapid dark oxidation of freshly emitted and partially oxidized BBOA. High polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) signals in the fresh BBOA mass spectra suggest incomplete combustion activities such as open biomass burning emissions as major source. During an agricultural burning event in north‐western India, we estimated that ∼(44%–53%) of total C‐PM2.5 (combined contribution of aged BBOA and oxygenated OA) measured in Delhi was influenced by long‐range transported biomass burning emissions. During winter, secondary inorganics constituted a significant fraction apart from organics ∼(48%–55%), mainly in the form of ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3; up to ∼[19%–25%] of C‐PM2.5) and ammonium sulfate (NH4SO4; up to ∼[27%–38%]). Enhanced formation of NH4NO3 and related‐secondary organic aerosol (SOA) were linked to nighttime oxidation of BBOA, while NH4SO4 and related‐SOA were linked to heterogeneous aqueous phase oxidation under high RH conditions (>90%).
Relationship between biodosimetric parameters and treatment volumes in three types of prostate radiotherapy
Authors: Kocsis Zsuzsa S. , Major Tibor , Pesznyák Csilla , Mihály Dalma , Stelczer Gábor , Kun-Gazda Márta , Farkas Gyöngyi , Székely Gábor , Ágoston Péter , Jorgo Kliton , Gesztesi László , Polgár Csaba , Jurányi Zsolt
Published: December 2021

Brachytherapy (BT) and external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) apply different dose rates, overall treatment times, energies and fractionation. However, the overall impact of these variables on the biological dose of blood is neglected. As the size of the irradiated volume influences the biological effect as well, we studied chromosome aberrations (CAs) as biodosimetric parameters, and explored the relationship of isodose surface volumes (ISVs: V1%, V1Gy, V10%, V10Gy, V100%, V150%) and CAs of both irradiation modalities. We performed extended dicentrics assay of lymphocytes from 102 prostate radiotherapy patients three-monthly for a year. Aberration frequency was the highest after EBRT treatment. It increased after the therapy and did not decrease significantly during the first follow-up year. We showed that various types of CAs 9 months after LDR BT, 3 months after HDR BT and in a long time-range (even up to 1 year) after EBRT positively correlated with ISVs. Regression analysis confirmed these relationships in the case of HDR BT and EBRT. The observed differences in the time points and aberration types are discussed. The ISVs irradiated by EBRT showed stronger correlation and regression relationships with CAs than the ISVs of brachytherapy.
A novel “caterpillar with eggs” mesostructured iron sulfide as an anode for a Li-ion battery displaying stable electrochemical performance
Authors: Zhou Ting , Wang Yan , Zhu Yajun , Han Tianli , Zhang Huigang , Liu Jinyun
Published: December 2021

We developed a unique mesostructured iron sulfide comprising nanoparticles embedded within a nanoneedles-assembled nanotube to form a “caterpillar with eggs” structure that displayed high lithium-storage performance.
N-Alkoxyimidazolylidines (NOHCs): nucleophilic carbenes based on an oxidized imidazolium core
Authors: Bakhonsky Vladyslav V. , Becker Jonathan , Mlostoń Grzegorz , Schreiner Peter R.
Published: December 2021

Finally made: N-alkoxyimidazolylidenes (NOHCs), a new class of nucleophilic carbenes. The Arduengo-type analogous carbene center shows the most upfield 13C NMR shift compared to common NHCs.
Tweezer-type binding cavity formed by the helical folding of a carbazole–pyridine oligomer
Authors: Jang Hye Jin , Lee Seungwon , An Byung Jun , Song Geunmoo , Jeon Hae-Geun , Jeong Kyu-Sung
Published: December 2021

Helical folding of a carbazole–pyridine oligomer generates a tweezer-type binding cavity which allows for the intercalation of a naphthalenediimide guest.
Wavelength dependent photoextrusion and tandem photo-extrusion reactions of ninhydrin bis-acetals for the synthesis of 8-ring lactones, benzocyclobutenes and orthoanhydrides
Authors: Sun Wei , Kayal Surajit , Raimbach William A. T. , Sun Xue-Zhong , Light Mark E. , Hanson-Heine Magnus W. D. , George Michael W. , Harrowven David C.
Published: December 2021

Ninhydrin bis-acetals give access to 8-ring lactones, benzocyclobutenes and spirocyclic orthoanhydrides through photoextrusion and tandem photoextrusion reactions.
In vivo targeted delivery of antibodies into cancer cells with pH-responsive cell-penetrating poly(disulfide)s
Authors: Kong Yulong , Zeng Kui , Zhang Ying , Shao Jinning , Yan Jiaqi , Liao Jia-Yu , Wang Wenchao , Dai Xiaoyang , Weng Qinjie , Yao Shao Q. , Zeng Su , Qian Linghui
Published: December 2021

Acidity-activated cell-penetrating poly(disulfide)s (CPDIMD) were developed for in vivo targeted delivery of antibodies into cancer cells.
Imaging of femtosecond bond breaking and charge dynamics in ultracharged peptides
Authors: Eliah Dawod Ibrahim , Tîmneanu Nicusor , Mancuso Adrian P. , Caleman Carl , Grånäs Oscar
Published: December 2021

We study bond breaking and charge dynamics of ionized peptides in both real and reciprocal space.
Development of an optical flow through detector for bubbles, crystals and particles in oils
Authors: Birkin Peter R. , Youngs Jack J. , Truscott Tadd T. , Martini Silvana
Published: December 2021

Oscillating microbubbles, driven by the local sound field, and crystals are detected and sized in oils as they pass through an optical detector.
Photo-isomerization of the isolated photoactive yellow protein chromophore: what comes before the primary step?
Authors: Anstöter Cate S. , Curchod Basile F. E. , Verlet Jan R. R.
Published: December 2021

The electronic and nuclear changes that take place before isomerisation sets in for the PYP chromophore anion are captured.
John Dalton – the man and the myth
Authors: Constable Edwin C.
Published: December 2021

John Dalton is the “face of inorganic chemistry” in the RSC journal Dalton Transactions. Who was he and what did he do?.
The origin of capacity fluctuation and rescue of dead Mn-based Zn–ion batteries: a Mn-based competitive capacity evolution protocol
Authors: Yang Hang , Zhou Wanhai , Chen Duo , Liu Jiahao , Yuan Zeyu , Lu Mengjie , Shen Laifa , Shulga Valerii , Han Wei , Chao Dongliang
Published: December 2021

We propose an objective Mn-based competitive capacity evolution protocol and a recusing strategy for dead Mn-based Zn-ion batteries. The findings would provide new insights to understand the electrochemical behaviors more comprehensively.
Boosting CO2 electroreduction towards C2+ products via CO* intermediate manipulation on copper-based catalysts
Authors: Xiang Kaisong , Shen Fenghua , Fu Yingxue , Wu Lin , Wang Zhujiang , Yi Huimin , Liu Xudong , Wang Pingshan , Liu Min , Lin Zhang , Liu Hui
Published: December 2021

An overview of the strategies for boosting C2+ selectivity by manipulating CO*(CO).
Cinchona alkaloid derivative modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles for enantioselective ring opening of meso-cyclic anhydrides
Authors: Tomer Sanjiv O. , Soni Hemant P.
Published: December 2021

Making magnetic achiral surfaces chiral for asymmetric catalysis! Enantioselective meso-cyclic anhydride ring opening is demonstrated on the surface of modified-quinidine capped Fe3O4 nanoparticles.
An IMPLICATION-logic-based fluorescent probe for sequential detection of Cu2+ and phosphates in living cells
Authors: Wang Meixiang , Niu Xiaoxiao , Cao Rui , Zhang Mengyu , Xu Huajie , Hao Fuying , Liu Zhaodi
Published: December 2021

In this manuscript, we developed an IMPLICATION logic fluorescent probe, HL, for the sequential detection of Cu2+ and phosphate anions in extracellular and intracellular environments.
α-Functionalization of ketones promoted by sunlight and heterogeneous catalysis in the aqueous phase
Authors: He Lei , Liang Chenfeng , Ouyang Yani , Li Lin , Guo Yirui , Zhang Pengfei , Li Wanmei
Published: December 2021

This study describes a sunlight-promoted, recyclable ion-exchange resin catalyzed strategy for the direct α-heteroarylation of ketones in the aqueous phase.
Synthesis of broad-specificity activity-based probes for exo-β-mannosidases
Authors: McGregor Nicholas G. S. , Kuo Chi-Lin , Beenakker Thomas J. M. , Wong Chun-Sing , Offen Wendy A. , Armstrong Zachary , Florea Bogdan I. , Codée Jeroen D. C. , Overkleeft Herman S. , Aerts Johannes M. F. G. , Davies Gideon J.
Published: December 2021

New cyclophellitol-derived probes covalently label β-mannosidases, enabling the detection of diverse mannosidases via activity-based protein profiling.
Controlling chirality in the synthesis of 4 + 4 diastereomeric amine macrocycles derived fromtrans-1,2-diaminocyclopentane and 2,6-diformylpyridine
Authors: Fedorowicz Dominika , Banach Sylwia , Koza Patrycja , Frydrych Rafał , Ślepokura Katarzyna , Gregoliński Janusz
Published: December 2021

All 4 + 4 diastereomeric amine macrocycles derived fromtrans-1,2-diaminocyclopentane and 2,6-difromylpyridine have been synthesized. Chiral compounds exhibit chiral resolution towards 10-camphorsulfonic and tartaric acids.
A bio-based, robust and recyclable thermoset polyester elastomer by using an inverse vulcanised polysulfide as a crosslinker
Authors: Wang Dong , Tang Zhenghai , Wang Zhao , Zhang Liqun , Guo Baochun
Published: December 2021

We report the synthesis of a bio-based, robust and recyclable thermoset polyester elastomer by using an inverse vulcanised sulfur-polymer (SP) as a crosslinker for the bio-based polyester elastomer (BPE).
DFT study on the ruthenium-catalyzed decarbonylative annulation of an alkyne with a six-membered hydroxychromone via C–H/C–C activation
Authors: Long Hong-Jing , Zhang Lei , Lian Bing , Fang De-Cai
Published: December 2021

Both steady-state approximation and the modified energy span model have been employed to determine the TOF-determining transition state and TOF-determining intermediate for the title catalytic reaction.
Extraction optimization and quality evaluation of humic acids from lignite using the cell-free filtrate of Penicillium ortum MJ51
Authors: Li Shiying , Tan Jinfang , Wang Yi , Li Peipei , Hu Desheng , Shi Qiuzhe , Yue Yanjun , Li Fang , Han Yanlai
Published: December 2021

Bio-solubilization of lignite is a promising technology to transform coal into humic acids (HAs) which are broadly used in agriculture.
New insights into the mechanism of cation migration induced by cation–anion dynamic coupling in superionic conductors
Authors: Wu Siyuan , Xiao Ruijuan , Li Hong , Chen Liquan
Published: December 2021

We analyze the relationship between cations and anion groups and take LiBF4/Li2BF5 as an example. The smaller distance between Li atoms in Li2BF5 indicates that it has little dependence on the rotation of anion groups while LiBF4 needs a larger rotation angle.
Single-phase proton- and electron-conducting Ag-organic coordination polymers for efficient CO2electroreduction
Authors: Zou Yingbing , Zhan Tingting , Yang Ying , Fan Zhiwen , Li Yunbin , Zhang Yongfan , Ma Xiuling , Chen Qianhuo , Xiang Shengchang , Zhang Zhangjing
Published: December 2021

Two single-phase MOCPs with different electron and proton conductivities were used for the electrocatalytic CO2RR.
Nanocage-oriented induction for highly ion-selective sub-1-nanometer channels of membranes
Authors: Hu Lei , Gao Li , Di Mengting , Yan Xiaoming , Jiang Xiaobin , Wu Xuemei , He Gaohong , Li Xianfeng
Published: December 2021

Sub-1-nanometer channels of membranes were orientedly induced by hydrophilic polysilsesquioxane nanocages, accomplishing ultrahigh proton-selective conductivity and surprisingly excellent durability in a flow battery.
Waste-derived biomaterials as building blocks in the biomedical field
Authors: Jana Sonali , Das Piyali , Mukherjee Joydip , Banerjee Dipak , Ghosh Prabal Ranjan , Kumar Das Pradip , Bhattacharya Rup Narayan , Nandi Samit Kumar
Published: December 2021

Recent developments in the biomedical arena have led to the fabrication of innovative biomaterials by utilizing bioactive molecules from biological wastes released from fruit and beverage processing industries, and fish, meat, and poultry industries.
Designed 3D heterostructure with 0D/1D/2D hierarchy for low-frequency microwave absorption in the S-band
Authors: Zhou Jun , Guo Fan , Luo Jialiang , Hao Gazi , Liu Guigao , Hu Yubing , Zhang Guangpu , Guo Hu , Zhou Hao , Jiang Wei
Published: December 2021

A three-dimensional heterostructure constructed by multidimensional components, namely, MXene/CoNi/N-CNT. The synergistic effect of multiple loss mechanisms significantly facilitates the microwave absorption properties in the S-band.
Direct conversion X-ray detectors with 70 pA cm−2 dark currents coated from an alcohol-based perovskite ink
Authors: Li Yunlong , Adeagbo Emmanuel , Koughia Cyril , Simonson Blaine , Pettipas Richard D. , Mishchenko Anastasiia , Arnab Salman M. , Laperrière Luc , Belev George , Stevens Amy L. , Kasap Safa O. , Kelly Timothy L.
Published: December 2021

A poly(methyl methacrylate) blocking layer was found to reduce the dark current density in CH3NH3PbI3-based direct-conversion X-ray detectors to as low as 70 pA cm−2.
Stabilizing all-inorganic CsPbI3 perovskite films with polyacrylonitrile for photovoltaic solar cells
Authors: Yu Guanghui , Jiang Ke-Jian , Gu Wei-Min , Zhang Yue , Xu Yanting , Xue Tangyue , Jiao Xinning , Zhang Yiqiang , Song Yanlin
Published: December 2021

The N atom in the side chain of the PAN skeleton coordinated with the exposed Pb atom on the CsPbI3 perovskite, which effectively passivated the defects of CsPbI3 crystal grains, and the PCE of the CsPb3I3-based PSCs improved from 14.36% to 16.21%.
Current understanding of the role of microRNAs from adipose-derived extracellular vesicles in obesity
Authors: Zhao Le , Yang Haili , Li Xingchun , Zhao Yongju
Published: December 2021

Obesity and its associated metabolic diseases, including diabetes, insulin resistance, and inflammation, are rapidly becoming a global health concern. Moreover, obese individuals are more likely to be infected with COVID-19. New research on adipose tissue is required to help us understand these metabolic diseases and their regulatory processes. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been identified as novel intercellular vectors with a wide range of regulatory functions. The miRNAs carried by EVs participate in the regulation of white adipose tissue (WAT) browning, insulin resistance, diabetes, and inflammation. In addition, EV miRNAs demonstrate great potential for helping elucidating the mechanism of metabolic diseases, and for advancing their prevention and treatment. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms underlying the regulation of adipose differentiation and metabolic diseases by adipose-derived EV miRNAs. Understanding the role of these miRNAs should enrich our understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of metabolic diseases caused by obesity.
Partial discharge measurement and analysis under lightning impulse superimposed DC voltage in SF6 gas
Authors: Wang Haotian , He Cong , Guo Ruochen , Meng Xuan , Yuan Wenze , Li Junhao
Published: December 2021

The presence of lightning impulses (LIs) on the DC waveform can seriously influence the insulation performance of a GIL system. The waveshape can be a superposition of the DC and impulse waveform. In this study, the behaviour of partial discharge (PD) on an epoxy surface is investigated under DC and LI superimposed voltage in SF6. The lightning impulses with different polarities are superimposed on the epoxy surface under both positive and negative DC voltages, respectively. Positive lightning impulses are superimposed on a negative DC voltage with a 90% of the partial discharge inception voltage (PDIV) magnitude. The number and amplitude of the PDs are used to evaluate the insulation performance. The experimental results show that the LI with a different polarity applied to DC can excite the PDs on the epoxy surface. The excitation effect of positive LI superimposed on negative DC is more significant. According to the impulse amplitude and PD characteristics, the influence of superimposed LI on PD excitation can be divided into three stages. As the superimposed LI increases, the amplitude of the excited PD increases gradually, while the PD number first increases and then decreases. This study is expected to provide reference for manufacture and protection of power equipment.
The diverse cold molecular gas contents, morphologies, and kinematics of type-2 quasars as seen by ALMA
Authors: Ramos Almeida C. , Bischetti M. , García-Burillo S. , Alonso-Herrero A. , Audibert A. , Cicone C. , Feruglio C. , Tadhunter C. N. , Pierce J. C. S. , Pereira-Santaella M. , Bessiere P. S.
Published: December 2021

We present CO(2−1) and adjacent continuum observations of seven nearby radio-quiet type-2 quasars (QSO2s) obtained with ALMA at ∼0.2″ resolution (370 pc at z ∼ 0.1). These QSO2s are luminous (L[OIII] > 108.5 L⊙ ∼  MB < −23), and their host galaxies massive (M* ∼ 1011 M⊙). The CO morphologies are diverse, including disks and interacting systems. Two of the QSO2s are red early-type galaxies with no CO(2–1) detected. In the interacting galaxies, the central kiloparsec contains 18–25% of the total cold molecular gas, whereas in the spirals it is only ∼5–12%. J1010+0612 and J1430+1339 show double-peaked CO flux maps along the major axis of the CO disks that do not have an optical counterpart at the same angular resolution. Based on our analysis of the ionized and molecular gas kinematics and millimeter continuum emission, these CO morphologies are most likely produced by active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback in the form of outflows, jets, and/or shocks. The CO kinematics of the QSO2s with CO(2−1) detections are dominated by rotation but also reveal noncircular motions. According to our analysis, these noncircular motions correspond to molecular outflows that are mostly coplanar with the CO disks in four of the QSO2s, and either to a coplanar inflow or vertical outflow in the case of J1010+0612. These outflows represent 0.2–0.7% of the QSO2s’ total molecular gas mass and have maximum velocities of 200–350 km s−1, radii from 0.4 to 1.3 kpc, and outflow mass rates of 8–16 M⊙ yr−1. These outflow properties are intermediate between those of the mild molecular outflows measured for Seyfert galaxies and the fast and energetic outflows shown by ultra-luminous infrared galaxies. This suggests that it is not only AGN luminosity that drives massive molecular outflows. Other factors such as jet power, coupling between winds, jets, and/or ionized outflows and the CO disks, and amount or geometry of dense gas in the nuclear regions might also be relevant. Thus, although we do not find evidence for a significant impact of quasar feedback on the total molecular gas reservoirs and star formation rates, it appears to be modifying the distribution of cold molecular gas in the central kiloparsec of the galaxies.
The Westerbork Coma Survey
Authors: Molnár D. Cs. , Serra P. , van der Hulst T. , Jarrett T. H. , Boselli A. , Cortese L. , Healy J. , de Blok E. , Cappellari M. , Hess K. M. , Józsa G. I. G. , McDermid R. M. , Oosterloo T. A. , Verheijen M. A. W.
Published: December 2021

We present the blind Westerbork Coma Survey probing the H I content of the Coma galaxy cluster with the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope. The survey covers the inner ∼1 Mpc around the cluster centre, extending out to 1.5 Mpc towards the south-western NGC 4839 group. The survey probes the atomic gas in the entire Coma volume down to a sensitivity of ∼1019 cm−2 and 108 M⊙. Combining automated source finding with source extraction at optical redshifts and visual verification, we obtained 40 H I detections of which 24 are new. Over half of the sample displays perturbed H I morphologies indicative of an ongoing interaction with the cluster environment. With the use of ancillary UV and mid-IR, data we measured their stellar masses and star formation rates and compared the H I properties to a set of field galaxies spanning a similar stellar mass and star formation rate range. We find that ∼75% of H I-selected Coma galaxies have simultaneously enhanced star formation rates (by ∼0.2 dex) and are H I deficient (by ∼0.5 dex) compared to field galaxies of the same stellar mass. According to our toy model, the simultaneous H I deficiency and enhanced star formation activity can be attributed to either H I stripping of already highly star forming galaxies on a very short timescale, while their H2 content remains largely unaffected, or to H I stripping coupled to a temporary boost of the H I-to-H2 conversion, causing a brief starburst phase triggered by ram pressure before eventually quenching the galaxy.
Type 2B von Willebrand Disease: Early Manifestation as Neonatal Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Kranzhöfer David , Pavlova Anna , Schneider Hendryk , Franck Peter , Glonnegger Hannah , Büchsel Martin , Yoshimi-Nöllke Ayami , Oldenburg Johannes , Zieger Barbara
Published: December 2021

Here, we report about a preterm female newborn with a prolonged course of severe thrombocytopenia and hematomas. The family history was positive for von Willebrand disease type 2B (VWD 2B). Diagnosis of VWD 2B was identified analyzing von Willebrand factor (VWF) parameters (VWF:antigen, VWF:activity, VWF multimer analyses) and performing light transmission aggregometry (with half concentration of ristocetin). In addition, the diagnosis was confirmed by molecular genetic analysis: identification of a disease-causing missense mutation (Val1316Met) in the VWF gene associated with a severe course of VWD 2B, which had been previously reported. Treatment with a VWF-containing plasma concentrate was initiated. Because the combination of prematurity and very low platelet count is often associated with intracranial bleeding, at the beginning platelet concentrates were transfused. Fortunately, the patient did not develop serious bleeding episodes. Interestingly, the patient had a mutation in the VWF gene, which had been described to be associated with aggravation of thrombocytopenia especially in stressful situations. Therefore, we replaced venous blood withdrawals by capillary blood samplings when possible and, consequently, we observed an increase of the platelet count after this change in management. At the age of 2 months, the patient was discharged after stabilization of the platelet count without any bleeding signs and without a need of long-term medication.
Venous Thromboembolism in Premature Neonates
Authors: Fort Prem , Beg Kisha , Betensky Marisol , Kiskaddon Amy , Goldenberg Neil A.
Published: December 2021

While the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is lower among children than adults, the newborn period is one of two bimodal peaks (along with adolescence) in VTE incidence in the pediatric population. Most VTE cases in neonates occur among critically ill neonates being managed in the neonatal intensive care unit, and most of these children are born premature. For this reason, the presentation, diagnosis, management, and outcomes of VTE among children born premature deserve special emphasis by pediatric hematologists, neonatologists, pharmacists, and other pediatric health care providers, as well as by the scientific community, and are described in this review.
Dietary inclusion of purified crude glycerin improves bodyweight at slaughter and affects the fatty acid profile of lamb meat
Authors: Ribeiro Rebeca Dantas Xavier , Oliveira Ronaldo Lopes , de Carvalho Gleidson Giordano Pinto , Silva Thadeu Marinello , Costa Jonival Barreto , da Silva Oliveira Vinicius , Freitas Lisiane Santos , Ribeiro Claudio Vaz Di Mambro , Bezerra Leilson Rocha
Published: December 2021

Context Crude glycerin (CG) is an energetic byproduct that generates glycerol, an energy product that is absorbed by the ruminal wall and conducted to the liver, where it is metabolised and it is converted to glucose, by the action of the enzyme glycerol kinase, in a gluconeogenesis process. Aims The study objective was to determine the effect of CG inclusion, replacing corn bran, in a total mixed ration to lambs, on carcass traits, physicochemical properties and the fatty acid (FA) profile of lamb meat. Methods Forty-four uncastrated crossbred Santa Ines × indigenous lambs were distributed in a completely randomised study, with four CG inclusion levels (0, 70, 140 and 210 g/kg in the lamb diet). Key results The addition of CG up to a level of 70 g/kg to the lamb diets promoted greater slaughter bodyweight, hot and cold carcass weight, carcass traits, and meat lipid content, and improved Warner–Bratzler shear force in meat. Inclusion of CG in the diet did not affect (P > 0.05) the pH and colour parameters (lightness, redness, yellowness and chroma) of meat. The FA composition of the longissimus lumborum of lambs C14:0, C15:1, C16:0, C18:1 cis and ΣFA medium-chain were greater, and FA meat concentration of C14:1, C15:0, C17:1, C18:0, C18:2 n−3, C18:2 n−6, ΣPUFA, ΣFA-old-chain and elongase enzymatic activity were lower in lambs fed without CG and with 70 g/kg CG, compared with lambs mainly fed 140 and 210 g/kg CG. The heath indexes, atherogenicity index and desirable FAs improved by dietary CG inclusion of 210 g/kg to the diet of lambs. Conclusions CG obtained from biodiesel production can be incorporated in lamb diets up to 70 g/kg total mixed ration, replacing corn bran to improve the weight gain, meat lipid content, Warner–Bratzler shear force and FA profile of lamb meat. Meat fat-related consumers health indices improved from the biggest inclusions of CG to the diet of lambs However, the use of CG at levels 140 and 210 g/kg total mixed ration reduces the performance, carcass weight and morphometric measurements. Implications It is recommended the inclusion at a maximum level of 70 g of CG/kg DM as total mixed ration replacing corn bran improves the weight gain, cooking weight loss, Warner–Bratzler shear force, meat lipid content and consequently FA meat composition.
High-resolution fire danger forecast for Poland based on the Weather Research and Forecasting Model
Authors: Mandal Alan , Nykiel Grzegorz , Strzyzewski Tomasz , Kochanski Adam , Wrońska Weronika , Gruszczynska Marta , Figurski Mariusz
Published: December 2021

Due to climate change and associated longer and more frequent droughts, the risk of forest fires increases. To address this, the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management implemented a system for forecasting fire weather in Poland. The Fire Weather Index (FWI) system, developed in Canada, has been adapted to work with meteorological fields derived from the high-resolution (2.5 km) Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Forecasts are made with 24- and 48-h lead times. The purpose of this work is to present the validation of the implemented system. First, the results of the WRF model were validated using in situ observations from ~70 synoptic stations. Second, we used the correlation method and Eastaugh’s percentile analysis to assess the quality of the FWI index. The data covered the 2019 fire season and were analysed for the whole forest area in Poland. Based on the presented results, it can be concluded that the FWI index (calculated based on the WRF model) has a very high predictive ability of fire risk. However, the results vary by region, distance from human habitats, and size of fire.
STIM1 is a core trigger of airway smooth muscle remodeling and hyperresponsiveness in asthma
Authors: Johnson Martin T. , Xin Ping , Benson J. Cory , Pathak Trayambak , Walter Vonn , Emrich Scott M. , Yoast Ryan E. , Zhang Xuexin , Cao Gaoyuan , Panettieri Reynold A. , Trebak Mohamed
Published: December 2021

Significance

Stromal-interacting molecule 1 (STIM1) proteins are essential for the function of store-operated Ca
2+
entry (SOCE). Using transcriptomics, metabolomics, imaging, and inducible smooth muscle–specific STIM1 knockout mice expressing genetically encoded Ca
2+
sensors, we reveal a crucial function of STIM1 in airway remodeling and airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma. STIM1-mediated Ca
2+
oscillations in airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells are critical for ASM remodeling through metabolic and transcriptional reprogramming and cytokine secretion, including IL-6. These effects are driven by Ca
2+
-dependent activation of the transcription factor isoform NFAT4 specifically in ASM. Our data provide evidence that ASM STIM1 and SOCE are central triggers of asthma manifestations and advocate for the future use of STIM1 as a molecular target in asthma therapy.
Incremental validity of narrative identity in predicting psychological well-being
Authors: Park Sun W. , Kim Soul , Moon Hyun , Cha Hyunjin
Published: December 2021

The goal of the present study was to replicate and extend previous research that demonstrated the incremental validity of narrative identity in predicting psychological well-being among Korean adults. We recruited 147 Korean adults living in South Korea who completed a battery of questionnaires that assessed the Big Five traits, extrinsic value orientation, self-concept clarity, and psychological well-being. Participants then wrote a story about how they had become the persons they were, which was subsequently coded in terms of agency. We found that psychological well-being was positively related to extraversion, agreeableness, openness, conscientiousness, and self-concept clarity, but negatively to neuroticism and extrinsic value orientation. The positive relation between agency, coded from narratives, and psychological well-being was significant both with and without controlling for the other variables. These results showed that narrative identity has incremental validity in predicting well-being among individuals who live in a culture where collectivism and individualism coexist.
Verbal and non-verbal analogical reasoning in the emergent literacy period: an exploratory analysis of the influence of AR modality on listening comprehension, phonological awareness and lexical skills (Razonamiento analógico verbal y no verbal en el período de alfabetización emergente: un análisis exploratorio de la influencia de modalidad de AR sobre la comprensión auditiva, la conciencia fonológica y las habilidades léxicas)
Authors: Norambuena Yeniè S. , Riffo Bernardo E. , Sáez Katia L.
Published: December 2021

Despite the important role assigned to analogical reasoning (AR) in cognition and language, the relationship between this ability and language skills in the emergent literacy period has not been sufficiently studied, especially in Spanish speakers. To explore this link, we examined two modalities of AR (verbal and non-verbal) as predictors of linguistic skills in Spanish-speaking preschoolers with typical language development. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted and non-probability sampling was used. Participants were assessed on listening comprehension, lexical skills, phonological awareness and verbal and non-verbal AR. The sample consisted of 48 monolingual Spanish-speaking children from 4.1 to 6.0 years old. Hierarchical regression analysis identified a general model of age and verbal AR as significant predictors of overall emergent literacy performance and also pointed out the different contributions of the verbal and non-verbal AR to models of listening comprehension, lexical skills and phonological awareness. These findings contribute to the discussion on the dynamics of this relationship in the emergent literacy period and underscore the need to analyse specific analogical modalities in models of language development.