bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A primer on p-value thresholds and α-levels – two different kettles of fish
Authors: Hirschauer Norbert , Gruener Sven , Mußhoff Oliver , Becker Claudia
Published: September 2020

It has often been noted that the “null-hypothesis-significance-testing” (NHST) framework is an inconsistent hybrid of Neyman-Pearson’s “hypotheses testing” and Fisher’s “significance test-ing” approach that almost inevitably causes misinterpretations. To facilitate a realistic assessment of the potential and the limits of statistical inference, we briefly recall widespread inferential errors and outline the two original approaches of these famous statisticians. Based on the under-standing of their irreconcilable perspectives, we propose “going back to the roots” and using the initial evidence in the data in terms of the size and the uncertainty of the estimate for the pur-pose of statistical inference. Finally, we make six propositions that hopefully contribute to im-proving the quality of inferences in future research.
Integrating Ethical Values into Fraud Triangle Theory in Assessing Employee Fraud: Evidence from the Malaysian Banking Industry
Authors: Said Jamaliah , Alam Md. Mahmudul , Ramli Masitah , Rafidi Marhamah
Published: September 2020

This study attempts to integrate ethical values into the fraud triangle theory in the context of Malaysian banking industry. Primary data were collected through the survey of 108 questionnaires administered to the employees of the top three largest banks in Malaysia. The findings revealed that ethical values were negatively related to employee fraud, and two elements of fraud triangle theory, namely, opportunity and rationalization, were positively related to employee fraud. This implies that high ethical value is crucial to mitigate employee fraud. To minimize employee fraud, the banking industry should reduce opportunities and employee negative rationalization through strong internal control. This study contributes to literature on the occurrences of employee fraud, which is not widely discussed, especially in the context of the banking industry in developing countries.
Impact of the COVID-19 in Tourism Industry in Nepal and Policy Recommendation
Authors: Khanal Bishnu Prasad
Published: September 2020

For the first time in history, almost all the domestic and international tourism destinations have restrictions for travel worldwide because of corona virus pandemic. Corona virus disease calls the COVID-19 pandemic is an ongoing problem in more than 210 countries in the world. The purpose of this study is to find the tourism impact of COVID-19 in Nepal and purpose recommendations for the preparation of evidence based policy and strategies for further development of the tourism industry in Nepal. Secondary data used in this study were obtained from the ministry of tourism in Nepal and other various web sources and primary data were collected from the online survey and collected 52 samples. They are involved in the hospitality, education & consulting, travel & tours, adventure & expedition, trekking agencies, and government officials from national tourism originations. The study highlights that the tourism contribution in Nepal’s GDP (Gross Domestic Product) as a significant sector that has a linkage with other sectors. Also, the Nepalese tourism industry is dependent on international factors and the Nepal tourism industry highly relies on foreign tourists and cancellation of the mountain climbing permits for the year 2020, affects the income of foreign currency as building the capacity of stakeholders and public-private partnership initiatives to promote and work together to develop and manage in future tourism fields. well as the local economy, the loss of thousands of jobs in the tourism sector and others sectors. Overall analyses suggest that building the capacity of stakeholders and public-private partnership initiatives to promote and work together to develop and manage in future tourism fields.
Local quasigeoid modelling in Slovakia using the finite volume method on the discretized Earth's topography
Authors: ČUNDERLÍK Róbert , MEDĽA Matej , MIKULA Karol
Published: September 2020

The paper presents local quasigeoid modelling in Slovakia using the finite volume method (FVM). FVM is used to solve numerically the fixed gravimetric boundary value problem (FGBVP) on a 3D unstructured mesh created above the real Earth's surface. Terrestrial gravimetric measurements as input data represent the oblique derivative boundary conditions on the Earth's topography. To handle such oblique derivative problem, its tangential components are considered as surface advection terms regularized by a surface diffusion. The FVM numerical solution is fixed to the GOCE-based satellite-only geopotential model on the upper boundary at the altitude of 230 km. The horizontal resolution of the 3D computational domain is 0.002 × 0.002 deg and its discretization in the radial direction is changing with altitude. The created unstructured 3D mesh of finite volumes consists of 454,577,577 unknowns. The FVM numerical solution of FGBVP on such a detailed mesh leads to large-scale parallel computations requiring 245 GB of internal memory. It results in the disturbing potential obtained in the whole 3D computational domain. Its values on the discretized Earth's surface are transformed into the local quasigeoid model that is tested at 404 GNSS/levelling benchmarks. The standard deviation of residuals is 2.8 cm and decreases to 2.6 cm after removing 9 identified outliers. It indicates high accuracy of the obtained FVM-based local quasigeoid model in Slovakia.
MEANS AND METHODS OF STIMULATION OF SALIVATION (LITERATURE REVIEW)
Authors: Riabushko N.O.
Published: September 2020

Currently, a large number of tools and methods are proposed to reduce dryness in the mouth and restore the deficiency of biologically active substances entering the mouth with saliva. Stimulation of salivation can be carried out by both local and systemic means.

The aim of our study was to analyze pharmacological and systemic stimulators of salivation.

Results and discussion

Only three drugs were subjected to a detailed study - bromhexidine, anethole trithione and pilocarpine hydrochloride.

Currently, the development of long-acting (prolonged) drugs is underway, which is a promising solution for long-term treatment of patients with dry mouth.

Local stimulation of salivation is based on irritation of the nerve endings of the oral cavity, which transmit a signal to the salivary glands. Various methods are offered, it is chewing of gums, menthol-containing substances, inert means like paraffin. Chewing gum, mint or citric acid tablets (lollipops) and rinses are recommended in everyday life. Frequent use of these tools is not always effective due to various negative factors. The most important of them is short-term effect, but not the possibility of frequent use. In some patients, drugs such as citric acid can irritate the mucous membranes, especially if its content is increased due to dry mouth. Frequent use of these tools can cause demineralization of teeth.

Many authors recommend so-called "saliva substitutes" or "saliva compensators". Various options of replacement therapy in the form of gels, rinses, sprays, toothpastes, etc. are offered.

To prevent caries during hyposalivation, the authors propose a composition of artificial saliva with a high content of fluoride ions, with the introduction of hydroxyapatite from animal bones.

Researchers offer various methods of stimulation the functional activity of the salivary glands, but the main factor in choosing the appropriate treatment is a favorable assessment of the degree of violation of the patient's salivary glands and the mechanism of violation.

Conclusion. Owing to the review of the literature, we can conclude that the timely diagnosis and treatment of xerostomia is an urgent problem of modern dentistry. Patients need xerostomia correction, because the deficiency of oral fluid significantly affects the condition of teeth, mucous membranes of the mouth and periodontal tissues and the quality of life in general.

Due to the fact that the treatment of xerostomia in some cases is ineffective and impossible, such patients need symptomatic therapy to alleviate the manifestations and consequences of xerostomia. The dental market offers a large number of tools for symptomatic correction of xerostomia. Many literature sources contain conflicting data on their effectiveness.

Therefore, we consider it appropriate to study the comparative evaluation of tools that facilitate the manifestations of xerostomia, as well as to assess the effectiveness of correction of xerostomia depending on the causes of its development.
THE VIEW ON THE DENTAL MORBIDITY INDICATORS OF THE CHILDREN UKRAINIAN NOGAI POPULATION AT THE XV CENTURY DEALS WITH THE NEW STUDYING METHODS USED FOR ANTHROPOLOGICAL MATERIAL FROM THE MAMAY GORA BURIAL GROUND
Authors: Toshchev А.G. , Kaskova L.F. , Аrtemev А.V.
Published: September 2020

The subject matter was the children dental status having involved in study anthropological bone material different historical eras. The 133 remains skeletons of children were examined. The control and main groups consisted with the skeletons of children who had lived in the Nogai and Golden Horde periods, respectively, which in turn the last included children skeletons of earlier historical times.

The author’s method was used in our scientific research. The ancient people skeletons were examined in historical and medical anthropology laboratory of the municipal institution “Conservation Centre and Research of Archaeological Monuments” of the Poltava Regional Council and the Department of Pediatric Therapeutic Dentistry with the Dental Diseases Prevention UMSA.

The control group has included the children with maxillofacial pathology but their musculoskeletal system hasn’t been changed. However, two children have a “thin line” dental deposit in permanent and primary teeth.

Two enamel hypoplasia specimens were detected in bone materials, five specimens of anomalies development dento-maxillofacial region and two dental specimens with markers determined of social society affiliation in the main children's group of the Middle Ages consist with of Golden Horde children. The main group results were compared with control group related to one period.

The increase in the incidence of dental pathology was directly proportional to the number of children examined in the group.

The dental pathology incidence was directly proportional relation increases to the examined children quantity in the group. The bone skeleton injury was found only in Golden Horde children group. The Middle Ages is characterized with the average diseases prevalence in Europe and America populations.

We were determined the carious process and periodontal pathology were absence in deciduous and permanent teeth in the base and control children groups represent Middle Ages, after morphological and statistical processing of the collected archaeological, bone material.

The dental mineralized deposits have a similar shape in base and control groups children of the Middle Ages in the studied territory of Ukraine.

The dental mineralized plaque had a huge volume and was occupied a massive teeth square in examined children group identified with earlier historical periods and the Middle Ages. The research has shown that the dental deposit has a gradual evolutionary development in teeth of children groups at the Middle Ages.
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN SPEAKING SKILL AND READING COMPREHENSION (A CASE STUDY ON THE THIRD SEMESTER OF ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAMAT ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OFINDRAGIRI TEMBILAHAN)
Authors: Maizarah Maizarah , Erma Purwanti Sri
Published: September 2020

Speaking is a skill to produce sequences of words that exist at the meaning while reading means a skill to get meaning from the written words. Vocabulary is the key in which these two skills relate to each other. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between speaking skill and reading comprehension of the third semester English students at Islamic University of Indargiri. The sample of this study was 20 students. The research method used in this study was a correlational study. Researchers gave the test of speaking skills and reading comprehension to collect data. After the data has been collected, it was found that the average of the students’ speaking skills was categorized as Good because 70,8 in range 66-79 and the students’ reading comprehension was categorized as Good to Excellentbecause 78,7 in range 76-100. Based on those findings, researchers analyzed the students’ speaking skill and their reading comprehension by using Pearson r formula, with the result is 0,691. Based on the coefficient correlation, 0,691 was interpreted as Moderate Correlation. It means there is a significant correlation between students’ speaking skill and their reading comprehension.
Невідомий досі архів професора Івана Огієнка за польський період еміграції: обсяг, персоналії, проблематика кореспонденції (на матеріалах архіву Інституту національної пам’яті Польщі у Варшаві)
Authors: Tymoshyk Mykola
Published: September 2020

The article was written on the basis of the so-called Warsaw-Kholm archives of Ivan Ohiienko – a well-known Ukrainian statesman, religious figure, and scientist, professor at the University of Warsaw in 1925–1932 – which were found in the archive of Polish Institute of National Remembrance in Warsaw and studied by the author. The documents were still considered lost during the Warsaw Uprising of 1944. The reasons for dispersing and the ways of moving this archive collection are clarified, the facts about the preservation of a part of the documents and the way they got after the war to the archive of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Poland, and later to the archive of Polish Institute of National Remembrance in Warsaw, are presented here for the first time. The characteristics of the archive are presented in terms of the volumes, personalities, and public institutions with which the creator of the archive corresponded. The multifaceted issues of the correspondence are considered against the background of the philosophy of being an individual in the context of emigration. The activities of Ohiienko in the complex reality of emigration are analysed in several aspects: the struggle for physical survival, civil and professional assertion, and the thirst for fulfilment of his duties before he was forced to abandon the Motherland because of political reasons. The conclusions emphasise the need to resolve the issue regarding the copying of the discovered archival documents at the intergovernmental level, scientific study of them, and their first publication in Ukraine.
Człowiek w drodze. Czytając Zygmunta Baumana
Authors: Lashchuk Iuliia
Published: September 2020

The notions of the road and home, as well as home-coming, home-leaving, homelessness, and homeliness, have taken its essential place in philosophical research. Based on the mythological stories about Ulysses, Theseus, or Heracles, this metaphor is used to name the process of constant movement as a form of human existence. Zygmunt Bauman, whose life was also a continuous movement, both physical and mental, uses the metaphor of movement while describing the moral situation of today’s society. This text aims to analyse the models of human existence proposed by Bauman, to discuss the differences and similarities between them, and to put them into a broader context while discussing Otherness, contemporary ethics, and exile. The article also explores the possibilities of existence and applicability of the figures proposed by Zygmunt Bauman in the contemporary world.
Що за фронтирною неозначеністю? Yaroslav Polishchuk, Frontyrna identychnist: Odesa XX stilittia, Dukh i Litera, Kyiv 2019, 208 s.
Authors: Meizerska Tetiana
Published: September 2020

The author of the review analyses the book of professor Yaroslav Polishchuk Boundary Identity. Odessa of the XX Century. This geopoetical study opens before its reader the whole world of the history and art of the city which played an important role on the cultural map of Ukraine. Speaking about the identity of Odessa and its inhabitants nowadays, we have to say that there are a lot of representations of it. The struggle between the images of the imperiled province and the contemporary Ukrainian port center influences the cultural identification of the city. The review reveals all the ways in which the researcher tries to represent the original image of this metropolis in artistic works and visions.
Образ автора у щоденнику та повістях Тараса Шевченка: еволюція розуміння
Authors: Pakharenko Vasyl
Published: September 2020

In his article, Vasyl Pakharenko explores the logic of deepening literary interpretations of Taras Shevchenko’s image in the prose of the artist and discovers the differences of this image in poetry and prose. If the lyrical hero of the poetic texts demonstrates a determined, uncompromising nationalism, then the narrator in the diary and short stories is rather a territorial patriot. And yet, he thinks of himself as located in the socio-cultural space of the Russian Empire, expresses critical views on the Koliivshchina, resorts to the Russian language, emphasises Enlightenment values, and demonstrates the masculine type of writing. All this testifies to the deviation from the romantic to the previous, classicist, tradition. That type of prose refinement is caused by the forced compromise of the artist with the empire in the conditions of brutal terror during the exile. There are several interpretations of such a position of an author in literary studies: Shevchenko’s diplomatic attempt to re-educate liberal Russian and Ukrainian intelligentsia (P. Zaitsev), psychological dualism of the “adapted” and “unadapted” personalities of the writer (G. Grabovich), distinctive forms of expression of the holistic image of the author (V. Smilyancka). Each of these positions has its own logic, but is characterised by a certain one-sidedness. The nature of Shevchenko’s compromise becomes clear if we take into account the peculiarities of carnival tactics of the spiritual survival of the artist in the conditions of the world. This is a creation of a kind of author’s mask, a game with stereotypes of the dominant culture and public consciousness.
老年服务与管理专业“校企联合”人才培养模式探索——以浙江旅游职业学院为例
Authors: 雷 明化
Published: September 2020

老年服务与管理专业的就业方向以第一线服务、管理职业岗位为主，对学生实践能力要求非常高，而校企合作作为促进学生实践能力发展的有效手段，也随之受到了各职业院校的广泛关注。本文对高职老年服务与管理专业的人才培养问题进行了分析，同时以浙江旅游职业学院为例，从校企合作的视角出发，为老年服务与管理专业的校企联合人才培养模式构建提出了一些建议，希望能够使老年服务与管理专业在职业教育领域得到更好的发展。
在线课程建设的机遇与挑战
Authors: 刘 辉 , 刘 卓群
Published: September 2020

以慕课为主要导向的在线课程建设是大学教育改革的潮流，以翻转课堂为混合式教学的主要形式，以微视频作为慕课建设的主要手段。在这个建设过程中，学习者和授课者都有诸多挑战和机遇。如何避免建设中的片面评价机制，如何避免微视频的滥用，如何提高授课者的业务水平，都是教育工作者应该思考和改善的问题。针对各种挑战，提出了加强教师建科能力的培训机制和实施过程化考核的方案，避免片面评价。
案例教学法在基础护理学中的应用研究
Authors: 谢 春晓
Published: September 2020

现阶段，高职“基础护理技术”教学中存在着教学内容和护理工作衔接性不强的问题。多种新型教学模式的应用能够有效弥补不足，如在教学时应用项目教学法、案例教学法等先进高效的教学方式，既能保证学生掌握理论知识，还能提高学生的实践能力。本文以清洁护理章节中的皮肤护理为例，对课程内容进行拓展，将临床常见的失禁相关性皮炎的知识通过案例教学教授给学生，以提高学生的岗位适应力。
新时代背景下高职院校共青团干部专业能力和职业素养提升制度研究
Authors: 李 志辉
Published: September 2020

习近平总书记强调，“要建设一支忠实贯彻新时代中国特色社会主义思想、符合新时期好干部标准、忠诚、干净、担当、数量充足、充满活力的高素质专业化年轻干部队伍。”习总书记对高校团干部队伍提出了新的要求，如何顺应时代要求，建立高校团干部专业能力和职业素养的提升机制是高校团组织亟待解决的重要问题。本文希望通过对高校团干部专业能力和职业素养的培训的剖析和研究，找到新时代背景下的高校团干部专业能力和职业素养提升的可行性机制。
对教室清洁服务效率提升装备的理论设计与研究
Authors: 周 长武
Published: September 2020

本研究依据应用于教室内桌椅的清扫效率的提升，进行自主设计制作的一辆清洁车。该清洁车为金属框架结构，以人力作为该车动力源，以后轮作为驱动轮，其他动力皆由后轮驱动。该车以清扫教室垃圾为工作内容。清洁车底部安装了横向滚刷，以及通过仿生学设计的清扫臂，依靠锥齿轮驱动，将平面垃圾清扫到车斗；在桌面及桌洞清扫时，利用滚动毛刷将桌面及桌洞的垃圾清理到车斗里。这两部分同时工作实现多角度进行清扫，并且该作品可以快速拆装，便于日后某部位零件损坏后的维修与更换。目前市场上清洁车体积庞大无法用于狭小空间的教室内。经调查针对教室内使用的清洁车还未出现，只能靠清洁员逐个桌位一一清理，效率低。因此设计一款教室专用清洁车。该清洁车不需燃料，无污染，省力，效率高。本车结构：长1190mm，宽400mm，高1200mm，重40kg。
Bildung durch Kunst: Selbstbildung in der Vorschule und im 1. Zyklus der Grundbildung
Authors: Rodrigues José Carlos Meneses , Barros Ana Beatriz Freitas , Alves Ana Rita Carminho , Ribeiro Carla Isabel Mendes , Santos Filipa Andreia Mendes , Costa Joana Alves da , Silva Sara Catarina Ferreira da
Published: September 2020

Die Studie entstand im Rahmen der Curriculum unit of Education by Art, die in den Master-Abschluss in PE Education (Pré-escolar) und 1. CEB (Ciclo do Ensino Básico) eingefügt wurde, mit dem Austausch von Studenten. Die Aktivitäten des EP und des 1. CEB tragen zur Bildung von Kindern bei, die ihr eigenes Wissen und Wissen aufden, und fördern Neugier, Phantasie und Kreativität; daher die Rolle, die Die Kunsterziehung spielt, ein ideales Vehikel für die Autonomie und Selbsterziehung von Kindern und Studenten. Wir heben zwei Ziele der Studie hervor: sie mit der Förderung der Selbsterziehung zu verbinden und die Dimension der Kunsttherapie in schulischen und außerschulischen Kontexten zu rechtfertigen. Wir konnten eine qualitative und quantitative Methodik durch eine Stichprobe von 151 Lehrern und Studenten der Hochschule, der wir angehören, erhalten. Sechsundfünfzig Personen (37% der Stichprobe) beantworteten die Umfrage über Google Forms, ein utilitaristisches Modell, aber mit einigen Einschränkungen beim Lesen einiger Dimensionen. Wir haben einige beachtliche Ergebnisse erzielt: Die künstlerische Bildung hat immer noch starke Auswirkungen auf das Bildungssystem; Kunsterziehung erobert den Raum auf einer Reise, in der Interdisziplinarität, Multidisziplinarität und Transdisziplinarität einen unumkehrbaren Weg darstellen; Die Kunsttherapie wird von den Befragten sehr gewürdigt und verdient eine eingehende Studie. RCAAP (Repositórios Científicos de Acesso Aberto de Portugal) und Google Scholar waren die Kapitalplattformen für die Erstarrung der theoretischen Grundlage. Wir betrachten eine grundlegende Schlussfolgerung: Die künstlerischen Dimensionen werden durch eine grundlegende Positionsverstärkung (Pädagogen, Lehrer und Gruppierungen) durch eine solide Zusammenarbeit in den Künsten/Ausdrücken sichtbarer, um unter anderem ein hohes Niveau in der Kunsterziehung zu erreichen, momentan, in dem das Kind die Vorteile der Selbsterziehung spüren wird.
Education by art: Self-education in preschool and the 1st cycle of basic education
Authors: Rodrigues José Carlos Meneses , Barros Ana Beatriz Freitas , Alves Ana Rita Carminho , Ribeiro Carla Isabel Mendes , Santos Filipa Andreia Mendes , Costa Joana Alves da , Silva Sara Catarina Ferreira da
Published: September 2020

The study emerged in the context of the curricular unit of Education by Art inserted in the Master’s degree in PE Education (Pré-escolar) and 1st CEB (Ciclo do Ensino Básico), with the sharing of students. The activities provided in the EP and the 1st CEB contribute to the formation of children in the construction of their own knowledge and knowledge, stimulating curiosity, imagination and creativity; hence the role played by Education by Art, an ideal vehicle for the autonomy and self-education of children and students. We highlight two objectives of the study: to associate it with the promotion of self-education and to justify the dimension of Art therapy in school and non-school contexts. We were able to obtain a qualitative and quantitative methodology through a sample of 151 teachers and students from the higher education institution to which we belong. Fifty-six individuals (37% of the sample) answered the survey, via Google Forms, a utilitarian model, but with some constraints in reading some dimensions. We have recorded some considerable results: Artistic Education still has a strong impact on the educational system; Art Education conquers space in a journey where interdisciplinarity, multidisciplinarity and transdisciplinarity constitute an irreversible path; Art therapy obtains a high appreciation from respondents, deserving of an in-depth study. RCAAP (Repositórios Científicos de Acesso Aberto de Portugal) and Google Scholar were the capital platforms for the solidification of the theoretical foundation. We consider a fundamental conclusion: the artistic dimensions will be more visible with a basic positional reinforcement (educators, teachers and groupings) through a solid collaboration in the Arts/Expressions in order to reach a high level in Education for Art, moment, among others, in which the child will feel the benefits of self-education.
Образование по искусству: самовоспоивовестие в дошкольном и 1-м цикле базового образования
Authors: Rodrigues José Carlos Meneses , Barros Ana Beatriz Freitas , Alves Ana Rita Carminho , Ribeiro Carla Isabel Mendes , Santos Filipa Andreia Mendes , Costa Joana Alves da , Silva Sara Catarina Ferreira da
Published: September 2020

Исследование возникло в контексте курса «Образование через искусство», включенного в магистратуру PE (Pré-escolar) и 1-й CEB (Ciclo do Ensino Básico), с участием учащихся. Мероприятия, предусмотренные в PE и 1 CEB, способствуют обучению детей формированию собственных знаний и знаний, стимулируя любопытство, воображение и творческие способности; отсюда и роль Образования через искусство, идеального средства автономии и самообразования детей и студентов. Мы подчеркиваем две цели исследования: связать его с продвижением самообразования и обосновать измерение арт-терапии в школьном и внешкольном контексте. Мы использовали качественную и количественную методологию на выборке из 151 преподавателя и студента из высшего учебного заведения, к которому мы принадлежим. 56 человек (37% выборки) ответили на опрос через Google Forms, полезную модель, но с некоторыми ограничениями при чтении некоторых измерений. Мы добились значительных результатов: художественное образование по-прежнему оказывает сильное влияние на систему образования; Образование через искусство получает пространство на пути, где междисциплинарность, многодисциплинарность и трансдисциплинарность составляют необратимый путь; Арт-терапия получила высокую оценку респондентов и заслуживает более глубокого изучения. RCAAP (Repositórios Científicos de Acesso Aberto de Portugal) и Google Scholar были основными платформами для укрепления теоретической основы. Мы считаем фундаментальный вывод: художественные аспекты будут более заметны при базовом позиционном усилении (педагоги, учителя и группы) через прочное сотрудничество в области искусства / экспрессии, чтобы достичь высокого уровня в образовании через искусство, в том числе момент. , в которой ребенок ощутит преимущества самообразования.
Kierunki badań nad polskimi rękopisami iluminowanymi epoki baraku
Authors: Mikołejko Zbigniew
Published: September 2020

Autor zbadał i omówi interesujące, a często traktowane marginalnie, zagadnienie związane z rękopisami iluminowanymi epoki baroku. Zauważył, że wykonawcy barokowych rękopisów iluminowanych podporządkowywali w swych pracach treści artystyczne określonym przekazom ideowym, bądź też ograniczali je na rzecz wartości użytkowych. Rozpowszechnienie się książki drukowanej i wyparcie sztuki miniatorskiej przez reprodukcyjne techniki ilustracyjne (drzeworyt i miedzioryt) znalazło symboliczny wyraz w tym, że istotną rolę w dekoracji iluminatorskiej zaczęły odgrywać ryciny, które często wklejano bezpośrednio do ozdabianego dzieła. Niejednokrotnie kolorowano je i zaopatrywano w dodatkowe, ręcznie wykonane ornamenty, czyniąc z nich w ten sposób immanentną część dekoracji miniatorskiej. Autor podkreślił, że ryciny służyły dekoratorom kodeksów jako wzorce ikonograficzne. W Polsce zwyczaj iluminacji książki drukowanej długo był praktykowany, co potwierdza literatura przedmiotu omówiona w artykule.
Przyczynki do dziejów Biblioteki Załuskich w Warszawie i jej założycieli
Authors: Brańska Eugenia
Published: September 2020

Celem artykułu jest uzupełnienie znanych faktów o braciach Załuskich i ich bibliotece, zaczerpniętych z nieznanych dotychczas źródeł lub znanych tylko fragmentarycznie, bądź znanych, ale niewykorzystanych w całości. Autorka oparła tekst na źródłach takich jak: 1) przedwojenny jej referat na temat fundacji Załuskich; 2) kopie listów Andrzeja Załuskiego, przechowywne w Archiwum Akt Dawnych (Metryka Koronna). Wyzyskane z tych źródeł informacje usystematyzowane zostały we tematach związanych z: inicjatywą utworzenia biblioteki publicznej w Warszawie; lokalizacją biblioteki i budynkami bibliotecznymi; testamentem A.S. Załuskiego z 1758 r.; stosunkiem A.S. Załuskiego do jego brata Józefa.
Zbiór rękopisów paulińskich w Polsce
Authors: Zbudniewek Janusz
Published: September 2020

Pauliński zbiór rękopisów, przechowywanych przede wszystkim w głównym domu prowincji na Jasnej Górze i częściowo na Skałce w Krakowie stanowi świadectwo wielowiekowej mentalności członków zakonu, ich działalności duszpasterskiej i upowszechniana kultu maryjnego. Zachowana kolekcja dokumentów potwierdza, że paulini, uznawani początkowo za pustelników, pracami naukowymi niewiele się zajmowali. Przybywając na ziemie polskie księgozbiór przywieźli ze sobą z Węgier. Początkowo sprawowali jedynie sakramenty we własnym kręgu, dopiero z czasem rozwinęli działalność kaznodziejską, stając się zakonem o modelu kontemplacyjno-czynnym. Spowodowało to zmianę sposobu ich funkcjonowania i kształcenia, tak by sprostać wymaganiom wiernych. Powstała wówczas konieczność pogłębiania studiów teologicznych i humanistycznych, przygotowania kaznodziejskiego i penitencjarnego, poznania historii oraz wielu innych dziedzin nauki. Towarzyszył temu wzrost zapotrzebowania na podręczniki, traktaty, zwyczajniki liturgiczne czy obyczajowe itp. Zaspokajano je własną produkcją lub importem ksiąg z zagranicy. Najstarsze rękopisy paulinów polskich (jasnogórskich i skałecznych) sięgają XV w. W artykule poddano analizie produkcję skryptoriów tych ważnych ośrodków paulińskich. Omówiono m.in.: działalność pierwszych kopistów i autorów; regres produkcji książki rękopiśmiennej przełomu XV i XVI w., a następnie jej renesans od początku XVI w.; narodziny paulińskiego prawodawstwa i historiografii; zmiany jakie nastały w działalności zakonu po Soborze Trydenckim; sposoby przechowywanie, oprawiania i zdobienia rękopisów oraz ich czytelnictwo.
Germanika w zbiorach Biblioteki Uniwersyteckiej w Warszawie
Authors: Cubrzyńska-Leonarczyk Maria
Published: September 2020

Artykuł poświęcony jest germanikom drukowanym od XV w. po 1900 r. przechowywanym w zbiorach Biblioteki Uniwersyteckiej w Warszawie. Tekst zawiera dane z początku lat 90. XX w. Autorka przedstawia w nim: historię zasobu od powstania książnicy w 1817 r., w tym najcenniejsze zespoły o proweniencji niemieckiej (m.in. stare druki z Heskiej Biblioteki Wielkoksiążęcej książąt Hessen-Darmastadt – ok. 4000 druków z XVI-XIX w.); opisy zasobów pod względem chronologicznym oraz systematycznym: inkunabuły i druki XVI w., druki XVII i XVIII w., czasopisma, zbiory muzyczne, graficzne i kartograficzne. Artykuł dopełnia aneks pt. Katalogi kartkowe Biblioteki Uniwersyteckiej w Warszawie oraz wykaz pt. Źródła i opracowania do dziejów BUW, zawierający tylko opracowania ogólne, bez opracowań cząstkowych poświęconych poszczególnym kolekcjom, zespołom lub ich fragmentom.
STRATEGY AND MILITARY CAPABILITIES FOR DETERRENCE
Authors: RODE ANŽE
Published: September 2020

Povzetek Za zagotavljanje varnosti mora Slovenija v prihodnji strategiji upoštevati tudi silo, še posebej pri odvračanju groženj. Upoštevajoč omejene vire in spremenljivo, izzivov polno okolje, je težko najti celovito strategijo, ki bi omogočala varnost, napredek in ekonomski razvoj Slovenije. Rešitev vidimo v odvračanju, tako z zavezniki, kot z lastnimi silami. Da bi bili verodostojen partner v Zavezništvu, moramo prevzeti svoj delež bremena in razviti lastne, z zavezniki dogovorjene zmogljivosti. Z vojaške perspektive so razvidni trije ključni elementi sprejemljive strategije: močno zavezništvo, razvite lastne vojaške zmogljivosti in odpornost družbe. Pri razvoju zmogljivosti, mora Slovenska vojska upoštevati dogovorjeno metodologijo. Ključnega pomena za uspešen razvoj zmogljivosti in bojevanje v “večdimenzionalni bitki” je poveljevanje s poslanstvom. Ključne besede: Slovenska vojska, Odvračanje, Vojaške zmogljivosti, Strategija, Poveljevanje s poslanstvom Abstract Slovenia will use coercion – deterrence by denial in particular – as a basic concept for Slovenia’s future strategy. Taking into account scare resources, and a dynamic and volatile environment, it is difficult to find a wholly adequate strategy to provide for the safety, progress, and economic development of Slovenians. But deterrence – created by both our own capabilities and those gained through NATO membership – is our best way forward. In order to be reliable partner in NATO Slovenia has to take its share of the burden, and develop its own capabilities. From a military perspective, there are three key elements for successful strategy: strong alliances, well-developed national military capabilities, and the resilience of society. In developing its military capabilities the Slovenian Armed Forces (SAF) has to apply a DOTMLPF framework. Here we see mission command pivotal for success in development, and in Multi Domain Battle. Key words: Slovenian Armed Forces, Deterrence, Military Capabilities, Strategy, Mission command
Diel oscillations in the feeding activity of heterotrophic and mixotrophic nanoplankton in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre
Authors: Connell PE , Ribalet F , Armbrust EV , White A , Caron DA
Published: September 2020

Daily oscillations in photosynthetically active radiation strongly influence the timing of metabolic processes in picocyanobacteria, but it is less clear how the light-dark cycle affects the activities of their consumers. We investigated the relationship between marine picocyanobacteria and nanoplanktonic consumers throughout the diel cycle to determine whether heterotrophic and mixotrophic protists (algae with phagotrophic ability) display significant periodicity in grazing pressure. Carbon biomass of Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus was estimated continuously from abundances and cell size measurements made by flow cytometry. Picocyanobacterial dynamics were then compared to nanoplankton abundances and ingestion of fluorescently labeled bacteria measured every 4 h during a 4 d survey in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Grazing of the labeled bacteria by heterotrophic nanoplankton was significantly greater at night than during the day. The grazing activity of mixotrophic nanoplankton showed no diel periodicity, suggesting that they may feed continuously, albeit at lower rates than heterotrophic nanoplankton, to alleviate nutrient limitation in this oligotrophic environment. Diel changes in Prochlorococcus biomass indicated that they could support substantial growth of nanoplankton if those grazers are the main source of picocyanobacterial mortality, and that grazers may contribute to temporally stable abundances of picocyanobacteria.
The need to employ reliable and reproducible species identifications in coralline algal research
Authors: Twist BA , Cornwall CE , McCoy SJ , Gabrielson PW , Martone PT , Nelson WA
Published: September 2020

Coralline algae perform important ecological roles in nearshore marine ecosystems globally by promoting the settlement of invertebrate larvae and enhancing biodiversity by creating habitat. However, these roles are severely threatened by global environmental changes. Most coralline algae are extremely difficult to identify, and DNA sequencing has revealed rampant inaccuracy of morpho-anatomical approaches to distinguish species, and even genera. If appropriate identification methods are not reported, or even used, we will be left with an uninterpretable body of literature where the species-specific biology of coralline algae cannot be validated. This will make it difficult to determine the impact a changing ocean may have on these ecologically important species. We reveal the magnitude of the issue in coralline algal research—both the identification methods used and the reporting of identification protocols. An analysis of 341 articles over the past decade revealed that only 7.6% used molecular methods, with over 70% not reporting any details of how species were identified. While many coralline algal taxonomists understand that the majority of species cannot be identified morphologically, this message has not disseminated to the ecological and physiological community. We provide a series of guidelines for conducting DNA-based identifications and strongly recommend the use of these methods over less informative morpho-anatomical techniques. Most importantly, the methods of identification should be adequately reported. Without following these guidelines, research on coralline algae runs the risk of collecting uninterpretable data, and conducting irreproducible science, slowing our ability to determine how these important species will respond to future ocean conditions.
Statin-Associated Myopathy: From Genetic Predisposition to Clinical Management
Authors: VRABLIK M. , ZLATOHLAVEK L. , STULC T. , ADAMKOVA V. , PRUSIKOVA M. , SCHWARZOVA L. , HUBACEK J. A. , CESKA R.
Published: September 2020

Statin-associated myopathy (SAM) represents a broad spectrum of disorders from insignificant myalgia to fatal rhabdomyolysis. Its frequency ranges from 1-5 % in clinical trials to 15-20 % in everyday clinical practice. To a large extent, these variations can be explained by the definition used. Thus, we propose a scoring system to classify statin-induced myopathy according to clinical and biochemical criteria as 1) possible, 2) probable or 3) definite. The etiology of this disorder remains poorly understood. Most probably, an underlying genetic cause is necessary for overt SAM to develop. Variants in a few gene groups that encode proteins involved in: i) statin metabolism and distribution (e.g. membrane transporters and enzymes; OATP1B1, ABCA1, MRP, CYP3A4), ii) coenzyme Q10 production (e.g. COQ10A and B), iii) energy metabolism of muscle tissue (e.g. PYGM, GAA, CPT2) and several others have been proposed as candidates which can predispose to SAM. Pharmacological properties of individual statin molecules (e.g. lipophilicity, excretion pathways) and patients´ characteristics influence the likelihood of SAM development. This review summarizes current data as well as our own results.
Endothelial Dysfunction Expressed as Endothelial Microparticles in Patients With End-Stage Heart Failure
Authors: IVAK P. , PITHA J. , WOHLFAHRT P. , KRALOVA LESNA I. , STAVEK P. , DORAZILOVA Z. , STEPANKOVA J. , MALY J. , POKORNY M. , NETUKA I.
Published: September 2020

Left ventricular assist devices (LVAD), currently used in treatment of terminal heart failure, are working on principle of rotary pump, which generates continuous blood flow. Non-pulsatile flow is supposed to expose endothelial cells to high stress and potential damage. Therefore, we investigated longitudinal changes in concentration of circulating endothelial microparticles (EMP) as a possible marker of endothelial damage before and after implantation of LVAD. Study population comprised 30 patients with end-stage heart failure indicated for implantation of the Heart Mate II LVAD. Concentrations of microparticles were measured as nanomoles per liter relative to phosphatidylserine before and 3 months after implantation. At 3 months after implantation we observed significant decrease in concentration of EMP [5.89 (95 % CI 4.31-8.03) vs. 3.69 (95 % CI 2.70-5.03), p=0.03] in the whole group; there was no difference observed between patients with ischemic etiology of heart failure (n=18) and with heart failure of non-ischemic etiology (n=12). In addition, heart failure etiology had no effect on the rate of EMP concentration decrease with time. These results indicate possibility that LVAD do not cause vascular damage 3 months after implantation. Whether these results suggest improvement of vascular wall function and of endothelium is to be proved in long-term studies.
Relation Between Preclinical Atherosclerosis and Venous Thromboembolism in Patients With Thrombophilias – Longitudinal Study
Authors: AUZKÝ O. , DEMBOVSKÁ R. , MRÁZKOVÁ J. , NOVÁKOVÁ Š. , PAGÁČOVÁ L. , PIŤHA J.
Published: September 2020

Preclinical atherosclerosis may represent a risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE). In longitudinal study we followed longitudinally 96 patients (32 men) with thrombophilias with (n=51) and without (n=45) history of VTE. In both groups we studied the changes of preclinical atherosclerosis at peripherally located arteries detected by ultrasound. In addition, we assessed changes in selected risk factors of atherosclerosis. During the mean follow-up of 56.0±7.62 months we did not find significant change in preclinical atherosclerosis defined as Belcaro score in either group (–3 % in the VTE group vs 0 % in non VTE group). Significant increase in body mass index (1.03±1.98 kg*m-2, resp. 1.21±1.67 kg*m-2, p<0.01) and non-significant increase in systolic blood pressure were detected in both groups. Waist circumference increased significantly only in patients without VTE (4.11±7.84 cm, p<0.05). No differences in changes of risk factors under study between both groups were detected. In summary, patients with thrombophilia and history of VTE showed no evidence of greater progression of atherosclerosis or increase in traditional risk factors of atherosclerosis than patients with thrombophilia without history of VTE. Unfavorable changes of body mass index, waist circumference and systolic blood pressure were detected in both groups during study period.
Asymmetric Dimethylarginine and Endothelial Progenitor Cells After Renal Transplantation: the Effect of Exercise Training
Authors: TEPLAN V. , KRÁLOVÁ LESNÁ I. , PIŤHA J. , MAHROVÁ A. , RACEK J. , VALKOVSKÝ I. , SEKERKOVÁ A. , ŠTOLLOVÁ M.
Published: September 2020

Level of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is elevated and endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) and stem cells (SC) are decreased in patients undergoing renal transplantation (Tx) and may contribute to cardiovascular complications. We tested the hypothesis that ADMA, EPC and SC can be influenced with regular physical exercise early after Tx. Blood samples of ADMA, EPC, SC, adipocytokines and metabolic parameters were randomly obtained from 50 transplant patients before and 6 months after exercise program (Group I). Fifty age, sex, HLA typing, duration of dialysis and immunosupression regimen-matched non exercising transplant were examined as controls (Group II). After 6 months, in Group I ADMA decreased (3.50±0.45 vs 2.11±0.35 μmol/l, P<0.01) and was lower comparing to Group II (P<0.01), SC and EPC also decreased (2816±600 vs 2071±480 cells/ml resp. 194±87 to 125±67 cells/ml, P<0.02). Next changes in Group I: adiponectin (P<0.01), leptin (P<0.01), resistin (P<0.02). Visfatin, blood lipids, HbA1c, insulin and blood pressure were also influenced by training program (P<0.05).
PEMANFAATAN MEDIA SOSIAL SEBAGAI DIGITAL MARKETING UMKM DI KECAMATAN TEMBALANG SEMARANG
Authors: Hidayati Nurtriana , Pungkasanti Prind Triajeng , Wakhidah Nur
Published: September 2020

Pemanfaatan teknologi informasi sudah merambah ke bidang digital marketing bagi para pelaku usaha. Salah satu alat digital marketing adalah media sosial. Media sosial inilah yang dapat membantu bagi para pelaku usaha dalam melakukan promosi dan penjualan produk, salah satunya adalah pelaku UMKM. Permasalahan yang dihadapi para pekalu UMKM khususnya UMKM yang ada di Kecamatan Tembalang semarang adalah penyebaran promosi masih menggunakan cara konvensional dengan cara penyebaran brosur, mengikuti bazar, membuka lapak, dan promosi dari mulut ke mulut. Hal ini menyebabkan jangkauan daerah pemasaran dan penjualan produk ruang lingkupnya kecil. Sehingga perkembangan bisnis para pelaku UMKM tidak berkembang pesat. Hal ini mempengaruhi pendapatan yang tidak meningkat, jumlah produk yang dijual tidak meningkat dan ruang lingkup wilayah pemasaran tidak luas, selain itu berpengaruh pada besarnya biaya operasional untuk promosi dan penjualan produk. Dengan adanya kegiatan pelatihan kepada pelaku UMKM di Kecamatan Tembalang Semarang nantinya para pelaku UMKM dapat memanfaatkan media sosial sebagai alat batu digital marketing sehingga cakupan wilayah promosi menjadi luas dan membantu dalam melakukan penjualan produk.
Tata Kelola Keuangan Sederhana bagi UMKM di Kapuk Muara
Authors: Irawati Wiwit , Indrayani Lioni , Barli Harry
Published: September 2020

Based on the Regulation Number 20 Year 2020 regarding Small Micro Medium Enterprise, Dian Mandiri Foundation is committed to be an asset for Indonesia in accordance with its vision which is to transform life through development of Small Micro Medium Enterprise. The commitment to develop enterprise is attained by helping business development their partners. In managing development of business, the partners often face problem in bookkeeping their business, especially at this pandemic covid-19. Therefore, by doing the community service activity from Universitas Pamulang, it is expected to become the solution to finance governance problem of Dian Mandiri cooperative's partners.
Skeletal muscle hormone activity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Sas E. I. , Barnakova V. A.
Published: September 2020

Currently, a large number of studies have been published supplementing our knowledge of sarcopenia and its effect on the development of metabolic disorders, including the formation of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This data allows a new look at the pharmacological and non-pharmacological ap proaches to the treatment of NAFLD, based on basic physiological processes, including the biological axis the ′muscle – the liver′. This provides a compelling rationale for studying skeletal muscle as the main therapeutic target for NAFLD and metabolic syndrome.
PEMBERDAYAAN PERAJIN INDUSTRI ROTAN PASCA BENCANA OLEH DINAS PERDAGANGAN DAN PERINDUSTRIAN KOTA PALU
Authors: Maulidia Wilda , Fadhilah Hasna Azmi , Hamid Hendrawati
Published: September 2020

This research titled is “Empowerment of Rattan Industry Craftsmen After Disasters by Department of Trade and Industry in Palu City Central Sulawesi Province”. The purpose of this research is to find out and analyze the empowerment process, supporting factors and inhibiting factors faced, as well as efforts made by the Department of Trade and Industry to overcome obstacles in the empowerment of rattan industry crafters in the aftermath of a disaster. The research method used by the author in this study is descriptive qualitative.The data collection techniques are interviews, documens and observations. The data analysis techniques in this study are data reduction, data presentation and data verification. The result of this research apprenticeship show that empowerment of crafters in managing the rattan industry after disaster has been carried out. But in the implementation, the empowerment process has not been carried out optimally. Because the mindset of craftsmen who are still using old mindset, the absence of Standard Operating Procedures regarding the rattan industry which results in an ineffective upstream and downstream system, Limited funds owned by the government in providing assistance and the independence of the craftsmen in producing raw materials supporting the rattan industry. After disaster, Department of Trade and Industry has made efforts to overcome obstacles with : make a Standard Operating Procedures dan rebuilding the upstream and downstream systems. In addition, Department of Trade and Industry has also allocated funds in accordance with needs and provides socialization in changing the mindset of rattan industry crafters and training to develop rattan industry businesses. The authors suggests to the city government that in the future in making a development and empowerment planning, the city government must fist make Standard Operating Procedures. As well as the process of the rehabilitation and reconstruction stages, the government must better understand its tasks and functions

Keyword : Empowerment, Craftsmen, Rattan Industry, Disaster