bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expanding the toolset of fluorescent covalent staining of biological samples by labeling carboxylate and phosphate groups
Authors: Hu Kexin , Sun Qimeng , Chen Ruifen , Xu Tinghao , Li Yuncheng , Chen Lili , Wang Aidong , Qi Hejing , Shao Danni , Yue Huanning , Wang Yaning , Tang Ziqi , Wang Yi , Liu Chunfeng , Lv Haijun , Wang Fen , Xu Huizhong
Published: August 2023

Recently, fluorescent covalent staining methods have been developed for visualization of anatomical structures in cells and tissues. Coupled with expansion microscopy, these stains revealed various ultrastructural details. However, the covalently stainable chemical groups have been limited to amines, carbohydrates, and thiols. Here, we developed procedures for covalently labeling tissues for carboxylate and phosphate groups, utilizing carbodiimide crosslinker chemistry. In porcine kidney tissues, the carboxylate and phosphate stain provides 1.8–4.8‐fold higher signal intensity than those from the three existing stains. In cancer cells, such stain allows 2–8‐fold more accurate identification of nucleoli than the amine stain. In expansion microscopy samples, such stain reveals a variety of sub‐cellular structures in tissues when combined with the amine stain. Such stain also allows imaging of lipid‐based structures in cultured cells. With these advantages, this new covalent staining method further expands the toolset for fluorescent visualization of histology.
Asymmetric Load Transmission Induces Facet Joint Subchondral Sclerosis and Hypertrophy in Patients with Idiopathic Adolescent Scoliosis: Evaluation Using Finite Element Model and Surgical Specimen
Authors: Yahara Yasuhito , Seki Shoji , Makino Hiroto , Futakawa Hayato , Kamei Katsuhiko , Kawaguchi Yoshiharu
Published: August 2023

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) with thoracic curvature primarily progresses from the thoracolumbar region, causing abnormal twisting and rotation of the spinal column. This results in unbalanced, asymmetric loads on each vertebrae and increased demands on the thoracic facet joints to withstand rotational stress from adjacent vertebrae. However, no studies have focused on the stress distribution on the facet joints of the thoracic spine in patients with AIS. This study aimed to investigate the mechanical loading and its distribution on the thoracic facet joints of AIS patients using finite element (FE) analysis and surgical specimens. FE models of the thoracic spine were created from a total of 13 female AIS patients (Lenke type 1, n = 4; Lenke type 2, n = 4; Lenke type 3, n = 5). A load of 200 N on the T3 vertebrae and 30 N each on the bilateral superior articular processes were applied vertically to quantify the contact force on the facet joints from T3 to T11. In addition, morphological and histological analyses were performed on the inferior articular processes obtained during surgery. FE analysis demonstrated that contact forces of the facet joint progressively increased from the mid to lower thoracic spine of the concave side, reaching a maximum around the apex. More than 91% of the load was transmitted by the facet joints at the concave side, resulting in facet joint subchondral sclerosis and hypertrophy. The apical facet joint in AIS helps counteract rotational stress between vertebrae and transfers most stress through the concave side. In conclusion, this study found that asymmetric load transfer in the facet joints leads to subchondral sclerosis and hypertrophy. These findings can enhance our understanding of the stress loading on facet joints and the resulting biological changes and help clarify the mechanisms involved in scoliosis progression. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Studies on the ameliorative potential of dietary supplemented different dose of selenium on doxorubicin‐induced ovarian damage in rat
Authors: Cengiz Mat Ozge , Alisan Suna Pinar , Baran Munevver , Ceyhan Ayse , Yay Arzu
Published: August 2023

Doxorubicin (Dox) may induce loss of follicles, resulting in the depletion of ovarian reserve and consequent premature ovarian failure. Selenium (Se) is an oligoelement with fundamental biological features and is among the most common chemical inhibitor compounds. The present study describes the curative effects of dietary supplementation with different Se doses on Dox‐induced ovarian damage in rats. In this study, 64 adult female Wistar rats were randomly separated into eight groups: Control group, Dox group (5 mg/kg intraperitoneal [i.p.]), low‐dose Se (0.5 mg/kg i.p.), middle dose Se (1 mg/kg i.p.), high dose (Se 2 mg/kg i.p.), Dox + low‐dose Se group (0.5 mg/kg i.p.), Dox + middle dose Se (1 mg/kg i.p.), and Dox + high‐dose Se group (2 mg/kg i.p.). After the experiment, ovarian follicles were counted, and Antimüllerian hormone, interleukin 1 beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and caspase‐3 expression were determined. Levels of malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase were biochemically measured in ovarian tissue. Dox caused ovarian injury, as evidenced by significant changes in ovarian markers, histological abnormalities, and the debilitation of antioxidant defense mechanisms. Furthermore, Dox therapy significantly changed the expression of inflammatory and apoptotic markers. Dox + 1 mg Se with various saturations was studied, and this study demonstrated both histopathological and follicular reserve and more protective features. 1 mg Se pretreatment improved Dox‐induced ovarian toxicity through alleviating the antioxidant mechanism, decreasing inflammation and apoptosis, and restoring ovarian architecture. As a result, our findings indicate that 1 mg Se is a promising therapeutic agent for the prevention of ovarian damage associated with Dox.
Chloroprocaine antagonizes progression of breast cancer by regulating LINC00494/miR‐3619‐5p/MED19 axis
Authors: Chen Chen , Wang Ning , Huang Tingting , Cheng Gao , Hu Yuexia , Wang Bingjie , Zhang Ye , Wang Chunhui
Published: August 2023

Breast cancer, as the most prevalent female malignancy, leads the cancer‐related death in women worldwide. Local anesthetic chloroprocaine exhibits antitumor potential, but its specific functions and underlying molecular mechanisms in breast cancer remain unclear. Here, we demonstrated chloroprocaine significantly inhibited proliferation, invasion and induced apoptosis of breast cancer cells in vitro. Tumor growth and pulmonary metastasis were also suppressed in BABL/c nude mice model with chloroprocaine treatment. LINC00494 was identified as one of the most downregulated long noncoding RNAs in chloroprocaine‐treated breast cancer cells by high‐throughput sequencing. Futhermore, high level of LINC00494 was positively associated with poor outcome of breast cancer patients. LINC00494 acted as a “miRNAs sponge” to compete with MED19 for the biding of miR‐3619‐5p, led to the upregulation of MED19. LINC00494/miR‐3619‐5p/MED19 axis participated in chloroprocaine‐mediated inhibition of proliferation, invasion and promotion of apoptosis of breast cancer cells. Consequently, our finding suggested local anesthetic chloroprocaine attenuated breast cancer aggressiveness through LINC00494‐mediated signaling pathway, which detailly revealed the clinical value of chloroprocaine during breast cancer treatment.
Perturbations in spike‐specific peripheral T follicular helper cells in SARS‐CoV2 breakthrough convalescent individuals immunized by BBV152 vaccine
Authors: Sengupta Soumya , Shaw Shubham K. , Chatterjee Sanchari , Bhattacharya Gargee , Barik Prakash K. , Chattopadhyay Soma , Devadas Satish
Published: August 2023

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐Cov2) infection has caused an increase in mortality and morbidity, but with vaccination, the disease severity has significantly reduced. With the emergence of various variants of concern (VOCs), the vaccine breakthrough infection has also increased. Here we studied circulating spike‐specific T follicular response (cTfh) in infection‐naïve vaccinees and convalescent vaccinees (individuals who got the Delta breakthrough infection after two doses of BBV152 vaccine) to understand their response as they are the most crucial cells that are involved in vaccine‐mediated protection by helping in B‐cell maturation. Our results indicated that cTfh cells in both the groups recognized the wild‐type and Delta spike protein but memory response to the wild‐type spike was superior in infection‐naïve than in the convalescent group. The cytokine response, particularly interleukin‐21 (IL‐21) from cTfh, was also higher in infection‐naïve than in convalescent vaccinees, indicating a dampened cTfh response in convalescent vaccinees after breakthrough infection. Also, there was a positive correlation between IL‐21 from cTfh cells and neutralizing antibodies of infection‐naïve vaccinees. Multiple cytokine analysis also revealed higher inflammation in convalescent vaccinees. Our data indicated that the necessity of a third booster dose may be individual‐specific depending on the steady‐state functional phenotype of immune cells.
Pathophysiology of sex difference in refractoriness in lateral epicondylitis: Biomechanical study of wrist torque
Authors: Ikeda Kazuhiro , Yoshii Yuichi , Kohyama Sho , Ikumi Akira , Ogawa Takeshi , Ikeda Reimi , Yamazaki Masashi
Published: August 2023

Eccentric contractions of the wrist extensors worsen lateral epicondylitis (LE), whose pathophysiology may involve sex differences in wrist torque. This study aimed to investigate sex differences in wrist torque in patients with LE. The wrist extension and flexion torques of 22 patients with LE (11 males and 11 females) were measured. Maximum muscle output over time was measured for 20 s, initial torque was defined as muscle strength, and the degree of eccentric contraction was quantified and defined as the eccentric contraction index (ECI). The affected/unaffected side ratio of the wrist extensor, extensor/flexor ratio of muscle strength, and affected/unaffected side difference of ECI between sexes were statistically analyzed. Furthermore, correlations between wrist extensor torque, ECI, and Visual Analog Scale of pain during the examination were evaluated. Females were found to display lower affected/unaffected side ratios of the wrist extensor and wrist extension/flexion ratios for the affected side, compared with males; however, no differences were found in the wrist extension/flexion ratios for the unaffected side in both sexes. Additionally, females presented with larger differences between the affected and unaffected sides in the ECI. Based on correlations between wrist torques, ECI, and pain, females tended to suppress muscle output to prevent pain from eccentric contraction of wrist extensors more than males, which would induce an imbalance in muscle strength of the wrist extensors and flexors. This imbalance may result in chronic eccentric contraction of the wrist extensors with gripping, exacerbating LE.
Metastatic sarcomatoid carcinoma to bone
Authors: Sabharwal Samir , LiBrizzi Christa L. , Wangsiricharoen Sintawat , Gross John M. , Strike Sophia A. , Levin Adam S. , Morris Carol D.
Published: August 2023

Background and Objectives

Distinguishing sarcomatoid carcinoma from primary sarcoma is clinically important. We sought to characterize metastatic sarcomatoid bone disease and its management.

Methods

We analyzed the characteristics of all cases of sarcomatoid carcinoma to bone at a single institution from 2001 to 2021, excluding patients with nonosseous metastases. Survival was evaluated using the Kaplan−Meier method.

Results

We identified 15 cases of metastatic sarcomatoid carcinoma to bone. In seven cases the primary cancer was unknown at presentation. Renal cell carcinoma was suspected or confirmed in nine cases. Nine patients presented with pathologic fracture and two with concomitant visceral metastases. All patients underwent image‐guided core needle or open biopsy. Ten required surgery for discrete osseous metastases; in four cases definitive surgery was delayed (median delay, 19 days) due to inability to rule out sarcoma with frozen section. No patients required reoperation or had construct failure. Thirteen died of disease; median survival was 17.5 months (interquartile range, 6.2–25.1).

Conclusions

Metastatic sarcomatoid carcinoma is a clinically challenging entity. Multidisciplinary input and communication are key to identifying the primary carcinoma, locating osseous metastases, and defining an operative fixation that will survive the remainder of the patient's life.
Pregeometry over locally o‐minimal structures and dimension
Authors: Fujita Masato
Published: August 2023

We define a discrete closure operator for definably complete locally o‐minimal structures . The pair of the underlying set of and the discrete closure operator forms a pregeometry. We define the rank of a definable set over a set of parameters using this fact and call it ‐dimension. A definable set X is of dimension equal to the ‐dimension of X. The structure is simultaneously a first‐order topological structure. The dimension rank of a set definable in the first‐order topological structure also coincides with its dimension.
Corrected solid‐state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance peak assignment and side‐group quantification of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetyl succinate pharmaceutical excipients
Authors: Zheng Zhaoxi , Su Yongchao , Schmidt‐Rohr Klaus
Published: August 2023

Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetyl succinate (HPMCAS) is widely used as a pharmaceutical excipient, making a detailed understanding of its tunable structure important for formulation design. Several recently reported peak assignments in the solid‐state 13C NMR spectrum of HPMCAS have been corrected here using peak integrals in quantitative spectra, spectral editing, empirical chemical‐shift predictions based on solution NMR, and full spectrum simulation analogous to deconvolution. Unlike in cellulose, the strong peak at 84 ppm must be assigned to C2 and C3 methyl ethers, instead of regular C4 of cellulose. The proposed assignment of signals at <65 ppm to OCH sites, including C5 of cellulose, could not be confirmed. CH2 spectral editing showed two resolved OCH2 bands, a more intense one from O‐CH2 ethers of C6 at >69 ppm and a smaller one from its esters and possibly residual CH2‐OH groups, near 63 ppm. The strong intensities of resolved signals of acetyl, succinoyl, and oxypropyl substituents indicated the substitution of >85% of the OH groups in HPMCAS. The side‐group concentrations in three different grades of HPMCAS were quantified.
Solid epoxy prepregs with patterned resin distribution: Influence of pattern and process parameters on part quality in vacuum‐bag‐only processing
Authors: Janzen Jan Philipp , May David
Published: August 2023

Solid resins (SR) are fully reactive resin systems that are solid at room temperature. Up to a critical temperature they can be quasi‐infinitely molten and solidified without any relevant curing reaction. This study deals with novel SR‐based prepregs where a dry textile is covered with a regular SR (uncured) pattern, allowing for storage and draping at room temperature. The manufacturing of SR prepregs with accurate pattern geometries and the processing of the same into laminates with a pore volume content <1% using a vacuum bag only process is demonstrated for four pattern types and two curing cycles. The study furthermore shows that the pattern design has an influence on the mandatory drying phases as well as on fiber undulations. With sufficiently long drying phases, equivalent pore volume contents and interlaminar shear strength could be obtained with different pattern types.

Highlights

Manufacturing of carbon fiber (CF) solid epoxy prepregs with patterned resin distribution

Epoxy powder processing

Out‐of‐Autoclave manufacturing with vacuum‐bag‐only prepregs

Interlaminar shear strength of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) made of woven CFs

Analysis of pore volume content and fiber undulation
Creep behavior of 3D printed polymer composites
Authors: Jayswal Ajay , Liu Jia , Harris Gregory , Mailen Russell , Adanur Sabit
Published: August 2023

The creep behavior of polymer composites containing different weight percentages of poly(lactic) acid (PLA), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), and poly(ethylene) glycol (PEG) is experimentally characterized and computationally modeled using finite element analysis (FEA). The composite filaments are manufactured with melt extrusion method by using twin‐screw extruders, and then are employed in the 3D printing of creep samples. The samples are tested under a constant tensile load of 100 N. In this study, the computational model is developed by using the Generalized Voigt‐Kelvin solid model and three terms in Prony series. The equations of Prony series were obtained by the Laplace transformation of Kelvin model. The experimental creep displacements and strains are compared with computational results, and a good agreement between them is observed. The maximum error percentage in computational result is approximately 6% as compared to the experimental result. Hence, it can be said that the relatively simple computational models developed are reliable and can be used to study the creep behavior of similar polymers. The error percentages can still be reduced by considering a higher number of terms of Prony series in the model.

Highlights

Studied creep behavior for additively manufactured thermoplastic polymer composites.

Developed computational model using three terms of relaxation modulus.

The experimental results correlate very well with the computational model.

Computational models can be used for other polymers.
The effect of inspiratory muscle training in PCD and CF patients: A pilot study
Authors: Gur Michal , Manor Eynav , Hanna Moneera , Simaan Nadeen , Gut Guy , Toukan Yazeed , Hakim Fahed , Bar–Yoseph Ronen , Bentur Lea
Published: August 2023

Background

Effective work of breathing and bronchial hygiene requires synergy of inspiratory and expiratory muscles. Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) is a part of pulmonary rehabilitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). There is some evidence of its efficacy in cystic fibrosis (CF) and, recently, in long COVID‐19. We are not aware of studies on IMT in primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). Our aim was to assess the effect of IMT on respiratory muscle strength and pulmonary function in PCD and CF patients.

Methods

A single center pilot study. Spirometry, lung clearance index (LCI), maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) were measured at baseline (visit 1), after a month of IMT with ®POWERbreathe (visit 2), and at follow‐up (visit 3).

Results

The cohort included 27 patients (19 PCD, 8 CF); mean age 18.4 ± 9.8 years. After a month of IMT, there was a significant increase in MIP and MIP% (6.19–7.44, p = .015; and 81.85%–100.41%, p = .046, respectively), which was sustained at visit 3. Compliance ≥90% led to higher improvement in MIP. In sub‐group analysis, improvement in MIP and MIP% remained significant for PCD patients (p = .026 and p = .049, respectively). No significant changes were found in spirometry, MEP or LCI.

Conclusions

IMT was well‐tolerated and led to improved inspiratory muscle strength in PCD patients. The clinical implication of improved MIP should be further investigated. Larger, long‐term studies are needed to evaluate long‐term effects of IMT on pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength, pulmonary exacerbations, and quality of life.
Detection of recombinant Spike protein in the blood of individuals vaccinated against SARS‐CoV‐2: Possible molecular mechanisms
Authors: Brogna Carlo , Cristoni Simone , Marino Giuliano , Montano Luigi , Viduto Valentina , Fabrowski Mark , Lettieri Gennaro , Piscopo Marina
Published: August 2023

Purpose

The SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic prompted the development and use of next‐generation vaccines. Among these, mRNA‐based vaccines consist of injectable solutions of mRNA encoding for a recombinant Spike, which is distinguishable from the wild‐type protein due to specific amino acid variations introduced to maintain the protein in a prefused state. This work presents a proteomic approach to reveal the presence of recombinant Spike protein in vaccinated subjects regardless of antibody titer.

Experimental design

Mass spectrometry examination of biological samples was used to detect the presence of specific fragments of recombinant Spike protein in subjects who received mRNA‐based vaccines.

Results

The specific PP‐Spike fragment was found in 50% of the biological samples analyzed, and its presence was independent of the SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG antibody titer. The minimum and maximum time at which PP‐Spike was detected after vaccination was 69 and 187 days, respectively.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

The presented method allows to evaluate the half‐life of the Spike protein molecule “PP” and to consider the risks or benefits in continuing to administer additional booster doses of the SARS‐CoV‐2 mRNA vaccine. This approach is of valuable support to complement antibody level monitoring and represents the first proteomic detection of recombinant Spike in vaccinated subjects.
Ab Initio Investigation of Electronic and Optical Properties of Cu‐Doped As2S3
Authors: Dhiman Veerpal Kaur , Tripathi Surya Kant , Prakash Satya
Published: August 2023

The density functional theory with generalized gradient approximation is used to investigate the structural, electronic, and optical properties of Cu0.125As2S3 and Cu0.25As2S3 configurations with copper impurity at c‐face center interstitial site. The AsS bond lengths remain nearly the same but CuS bond lengths decrease with the increase in copper concentration. Both the configurations show n‐type conductivity and strong p–d hybridization in valence and conduction bands. The density of copper d states in the valence band increases with the increase in Cu content. The calculated optical constants are strongly anisotropic up to 10 eV; however, at higher energies the anisotropy diminishes. The broad peaks in the optical constants along || and axes are found in the vicinity of 2 eV. However, the peak heights increase and shift toward lower energy with the increase in copper content. Further, the static dielectric constant, refractive index, and reflectivity increase and the optical bandgap decreases with the increase in copper concentration. The comparison of optical constants shows that Cu0.25As2S3 may be as good choice as Ag0.25As2S3 for optical applications.
Estimating the delay margin for stability of linear delay systems by the weighted matrix measure
Authors: Hu Renhong , Mei Jie , Ma Guangfu
Published: August 2023

In this paper, the delay margin problem of a linear system with multiple delays is investigated. Estimations for allowable delay bounds of the system are provided in the form of matrix measure. By means of the weighted matrix measure and optimization technologies, the conservatism of estimated delay bounds is reduced. Numerical examples show that the weighted matrix measure has better performance in estimating the delay margin of the system than usual matrix measures.
3‐4: Invited Paper: A 2.5µm Dot Pitch 0.18” OLED Microdisplay on 28nm CMOS Backplane
Authors: Wartenberg Philipp , Fritscher Andreas , Richter Bernd , Bunk Gerd , Damnik Steffen , Schuster Florian , Schlebusch Dirk , Rolle Martin , Brenner Stephan , Zeltner Johannes , Vogel Uwe
Published: August 2023

This paper reports on the most recent results of a 2.5um dot pitch
0.18” OLED microdisplay which has been realized in a 28nm
CMOS backplane. It proves the general feasibility of small‐node
CMOS technologies for microdisplays enabling the integration of
far more functionality in the backplane. This has been successfully
demonstrated by integrating a complete frame buffer in the
backplane which comes with substantial benefits in terms of driving
the system from a low‐bandwidth data source. This results in
significant power savings and smaller sized systems which
improves ergonomics which is another critical key parameter for
wearables.
3‐5: Privacy Device Using Peripheral Encoding
Authors: Large Timothy , Lim Sehoon
Published: August 2023

Foveal rendering – where peripheral image content is rendered
with lower resolution than axial content ‐ is well known as a
technique for reducing computation requirements for wide
angle displays. In this paper, we discuss various aspects of a
peripheral encoding technique utilized for display privacy.
4‐1: Invited Paper: Industrializing MicroLED Microdisplays for AR Applications
Authors: Tan Wei Sin , Li Qiming
Published: August 2023

We report on the progress of microLED microdisplay development
at JBD. Mass production of 4.0 µm pixel pitch Red, Green and Blue
monochrome panels have commenced, and engineering samples of
2.5 µm pitch panels are now available. The characteristics of the
Red panels will be discussed and preliminary results for a 5.0 µm
pitch single panel native color monolithic RGB technology shown.
5‐3: Invited Paper: Development of fast LCD with Mini‐LED BLU for VR application
Authors: Zhang Hao , Fang YeZhou , Xie JianYun , Shao Xibin , Xue Hailin , Dong Xue , Tian WenHong , Yao Lei , Wang QiuLi , Sun Jian , LI Feng , Wang ZhiQiang
Published: August 2023

As the market for near‐eye display devices and other similar
devices expands, these devices and their display performance
are receiving more and more attention and challenges.
Therefore, this paper reports a display module consisting of a
high PPI fast LCD based on LTPS backplane paired with an
ultra‐multi‐partition Mini‐LED backlight. The display adopts a
new pixel structure and is able to achieve a transmission rate of
1.8% and a high contrast ratio of 500:1 on 1411 PPI. Besides,
the multi‐partition Mini‐LED backlight unit is able to achieve
1728 partitions of local dimming and high dynamic contrast
ratio of the display module, meanwhile the brightness of the
backlight is increased by 4.9% with the same power
consumption, making the overall display module brighter.
9‐4: Late‐News Paper: Full Color Organic Light Emitting Diodes on Silicon Micro‐display with Ultra‐high Luminescence and High Resolution
Authors: Liu Tengfei , Qin Changbing , Zhang Yang , Li Weili , Yang Jianbing
Published: August 2023

In order to satisfy the special demand of AR products for ultra‐high luminescence and high resolution full‐color silicon‐based OLED micro displays, a silicon‐based OLED micro display with resolution of more than 4000 ppi (0.36 inch with 1280×720) and a luminescence of more than 5000 nit is investigated. First, the design scheme of high‐resolution silicon‐based OLED driver is introduced. Based on the scheme of strong microcavity effect OLED device, the structure of red, green and blue monochrome luminescence enhancement is verified, and the current efficiency reaches 60 cd A‐1, 95 cd A‐1 and 6 cd A‐1, respectively. Finally, the development of HD036 chip is finished, and the high luminescence full‐color silicon‐based OLED micro display device with ppi more than 4000, luminescence more than 5000 nit, and color gamut more than 85% is achieved. The effect of virtual reality overlay display is achieved by the verification of AR machine.
10‐2: Line‐Based Modulation Transfer Function Measurement of Aerial Display by Use of Arrayed Optical Elements
Authors: Takiyama Kazuaki , Yasugi Masaki , Suyama Shiro , Masaoka Kenichiro , Yamamoto Hirotsugu
Published: August 2023

We measured the spatial resolution characteristics of aerial
displays using a corner‐cube reflector array and a dihedral corner
reflector array, both of which are major arrayed optical elements.
In this study, we applied the line‐based MTF measurement
method to aerial displays. according to floating distances for
prospective applications. The MTF measurement results suggest
that the arrayed optical element for the aerial display should be
selected based on the desired floating distance.
15‐2: A Novel Compensation Algorithm for Multi‐Frame‐Drop on AMOLED Display
Authors: Su Shang-Yu , Lin Xuan-Yong , Pai Feng-Ting , Lin Ching-Chun
Published: August 2023

In this paper, a novel compensation algorithm is proposed for
improving multi‐frame drop (MFD) on AMOLED display. The
MFD phenomenon occurs as the image switching or sliding when
the display with extremely low brightness, resulting in the color
shift and distortion at the edge of moving objects. Because the
current is too small and the emission time is too short at extremely
low brightness, more than one frame is needed to alleviate the
impact of the parasitic capacitance between the gate and drain
node of driving TFT (DTFT), and the gradual changing of drain
voltage (VD) causes the DTFT to move from the linear to
saturation region, which also aggravates this phenomenon. This
paper analyzes the MFD phenomenon based on the existing 7T1C
pixel circuits, records the grayscale changes of multiple frames,
and gives the different offsets at dropped frames. By experiment
results, this method is not changing the pixel circuit, such as the
8T1C, which could compensate for the dropped frames for
reducing MFD issues and is easily implemented in the display
driver IC for many different OLED panels.
16‐2: Invited Paper: Ambient Light Sensor Integration in a‐Si LCD with Regular Processing
Authors: Shuqian Dou , Long Liu , Fangyi Liu , Litao Fan , Xiaoping Zhang , Hao Wu , Hailin Xue
Published: August 2023

A solution for ambient light sensor (ALS) integration in a‐Si LCD
with cost advantage and nearly the same performance as external
ALS solution. In this work we provide practical solution for the
most challenged smartphone
17‐5: Enhancement of Luminance Efficiency of 3,000ppi OLED Micro‐display using RGB Direct Patterning
Authors: Jung Jae Hoon , Choi Myong Hwan , Kang Munsik , Kwon O Eun , Kim Chiwoo , Jung Kiro
Published: August 2023

We have successfully developed the ultra‐high resolution 3,000ppi
RGB direct patterning of OLED Micro‐display with high device
performance. To fabricate this 3,000ppi RGB OLED Micro‐
display, FMM by UV Laser process was used and this FMM is
manufactured by our unique Laser Patterning process. And red,
green, and blue pixels were direct patterned by organic evaporation
system with high precious alignment between Si substrate and
FMM. To improve the device life time, very thin multi films of
SiN/Carbon polymer/SiN were deposited by our unique PoCVD
system.
18‐4: Late‐News Paper: Lambda Capture method ”λ‐Capture” and the applications for quality control of Displays and the devices
Authors: Nakamura Tomonori , Ikemura Kennichiro
Published: August 2023

This paper describes a new, fast, Wave‐Length of Center‐of‐gravity
(WLC) detection method, named “λ‐Capture”. The paper presents
and explains the principle of this new technology as a wavelength
management technique for displays, utilizing a Linear Reflectance
Gradient on the wavelength axis (LRG) dichroic mirror. It is then
applied to a mini‐LED wafer: sample of actual display elements
and demonstrated to have satisfactory performance. Furthermore,
the possibility of new applications based on this principle is
demonstrated.
20‐1: Invited Paper: Rethinking Display Requirements for Esports and High Interactivity Applications
Authors: Kim Joohwan , Spjut Josef , Boudaoud Ben , Watson Ben , Whitted Turner
Published: August 2023

Media technology is continuing its transition from passive
streaming to participatory interactive experiences, including
well‐known applications such as web browsing, video
conferencing and gaming, as well as emerging and more
demanding uses like AR/MR/VR and esports. How should
display traits such as latency, refresh rate and size change to
meet this trend? We review recent studies from NVIDIA
Research and others on requirements for esports as the cutting
edge of this trend toward interactivity, and discuss the studies’
implications for other interactive applications.
20‐2: Distinguished Paper: Local Pupil Swim in VR/AR: Root Cause and Perception Model
Authors: Jia Jerry , Chan Tsz Tai , Lian Trisha , Rio Kevin
Published: August 2023

The optics between display and human eye in a typical VR/AR HMD can introduce a common visual defect ‐ local pupil swim (also called local ripples or “orange peel” effect), where virtual content distorts locally with head movement. Compact optical design (such as pancake optics) is increasingly sensitive in design and manufacturing tolerance to this perceptual effect. This work provides a method to root cause and quantify the impact based on perceptual modeling, optics simulation and measurement.
21‐1: Invited Paper: Technology Trend and Challenges for MicroLED Large Display Applications
Authors: Chen-Ke Hsu
Published: August 2023

MicroLED is good technology for fine pitch (<P1.0) large
display applications. From the TV and LED display history
trend, people like larger display and better picture quality for
immersion illusion. MiniLED COB become the main trend from
year 2019, and next coming MicroLED technology is obviously
direction. Sony already has CLEDIS in B and C series in the
market. Samsung announced that MicroLED COG Display in
89", 101" and 114" in 2023 CES. This talk will be focus on
MicroLED technologies for fine pitch large display. POB, POG
and COG are technologies for different driving platform and
their own advantages. MiP (MicroLED in Package) technology
demonstrates advantages for fine pitch large display application.
24‐4: Invited Paper: A study of flickering in the low‐frame‐rate driven AMOLED
Authors: Moon Kook Chul , Li Jun-Feng , Park KeeChan
Published: August 2023

The flickering of low‐temperature polycrystalline silicon and
metal‐oxide (LTPO) active‐matrix organic light‐emitting diode
(AMOLED) display under low‐refresh‐rate driving condition can
be detected even though there is no critical leakage current path
from the storage capacitor. The flickering is mainly due to the
brightness increase during data holding period. The effective
channel length of driving thin‐film transistor (DTFT) would be
reduced by electron trapping into the gate insulator of DTFT
which operates under saturation mode. This study presents not
only the physical model of electron trapping but also a novel
driving method to release the trapped electrons. The experimental
results show that that the brightness variation can be reduced
from 3.7 % to 1.4 % at the 63rd gray level by the novel driving
method.
25‐3: Design and fabricate of Under‐Display Camera OLED panel
Authors: Yang Ming , Gao Zhi K. , Xu Chuan X. , Feng Xuan , Xuan Ming H.
Published: August 2023

5.5inch FHD UDC OLED panel is designed and fabricated. The
OLED panel is divided into three parts, i.e., UDC, transition and
nomal area. Transition area locates at the left and right side of
UDC area, the height and width of transition area and UDC
area are the same. Drive circuits corresponding to EL in UDC
area locate at odd rows of transition area, while drive circuits
corresponding to EL in the transition area locate at even rows of
transition area. Meanwhile, drive circuit in the transition area
correspondes to two EL with the same color in UDC or transition
area.
27‐2: Field Emission Beyond Information Displays
Authors: Cárceles Salvador Barranco , Kyritsakis Andreas , Zadin Veronika , Mavalankar Aquila , Underwood Ian
Published: August 2023

Field emission is at the heart of a wide range of research areas
and technologies. The commercialisation of some of these
technologies has been limited due to the challenges to achieve
emission uniformity, yield, and lifetime within the tolerances
that the industry demands. The recent advances in simulation
tools and nanofabrication have enabled the effective design and
production of field emitter enabled technologies. Here, we
present the construction, functionalities, and limitations of our
computational tool for field emission design and analysis, along
with relevant examples ranging from 3D portable medical
imaging to novel cancer therapy.
27‐3: Deformed Helix Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Based Threshold‐Less Passive Vibration Sensing System
Authors: Yu Xinyi , Sun Zhibo , Yuan Zhengnan , Vashchenko Valerii V. , Srivastava Abhishek Kumar
Published: August 2023

In this article, we proposed a passive vibration sensing
system using a threshold‐less deformed helix ferroelectric
liquid crystal (DHFLC) cell. Combining the DHFLC cell,
piezoelectric film, and optical detector, the system can
transform the slight vibration into light intensity signal
without a power supply. The system can reach the sensitivity
of 165 V/(m/s) and the linearity <1% full range output. The
proposed system will be combined with optical fibers to play
an essential role in various vibration‐sensing array
applications.
28‐5: Anamorphic DLP Illumination System Design with a Freeform Surface Lens
Authors: Guo Bo-Jun , Ding Wei-Chen , Pan Jui-Wen
Published: August 2023

An anamorphic digital light processing (DLP) illumination
system design with a freeform surface lens is described. A lens
with a freeform surface lens is combined with the ATIR prism set
for application in a relay lens system. In order to achieve a high
contrast ratio without sacrificing illumination system efficiency.
Finally, with this novel design we can achieve a high contrast
ratio of 9128:1 and an illumination system efficiency is 66.4%.
29‐3: Exploring the Temperature Dependence of GaN‐on‐GaN Homoepitaxy Micro‐LEDs
Authors: Li Zichun , Liu Yibo , Feng Feng , Zhanghu Mengyuan , Kwok Hoi Sing , Liu Zhaojun
Published: August 2023

In this study, we explored the electrical characteristics of micro‐LEDs with various pixel sizes on GaN substrates, demonstrating
that small sizes have high current density due to superior current
spreading. Due to the p‐electrode ohmic contact's temperature
dependence, which is supported by TLM measurements, the ideal
factor declines as temperature rises. We also show the temperature
sensitivity in proportion to device size at a certain current density,
which is susceptible to carrier non‐radiative recombination
brought on by surface defects. We comprehensively present the
thermal properties of GaN‐on‐GaN homoepitaxy micro‐LEDs,
laying the groundwork for improved device stability and reliability.
30‐2: Late‐News Paper: LED Outdoor Display ‐ the new advertising column ‐ challenges and requirements
Authors: Grieser Gunnar
Published: August 2023

As a distributer of messages, advertisement, and governmental information, Stroeer is forced transport them on higher quality displays with lower distance to the people. The selection of solutions is challenging as we need to adapt products to be outdoor capable, viewing distances and viewing angles to an outdoor user experience.
30‐4: Distinguished Paper: Design of Outdoor LED Ground Display System in Major Scenes
Authors: Yu Chao , Wu Yunpeng , Yang Fan , Wu Jian , Leng Changlin , Song Yang
Published: August 2023

LED ground display system, as an important outdoor display system in the opening and closing ceremonies of the 24th Beijing Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games, has brought spectacular and gorgeous artistic presentation to the world. Compared with the traditional outdoor display system, this display system has many innovations in display product design, control system design and field implementation. This paper gives detail introduction to the ground display system, especially about the innovative product design, high reliability design, color correction and on site implementation of the semicircular display area on both sides. It provides a successful design case for world class large‐scale outdoor display system.
30‐5: Late‐News Paper: Development of a highly reliable Mini‐LED display module using simultaneous transfer and bonding (SITRAB) technology
Authors: Joo Jiho , Choi Gwang-Mun , Lee Chanmi , Kye In-Seok , Eom Yong-Sung , Jang Ki-Seok , Moon Yoon-Hwan , Oh Jin-hyuk , Seok Seong-Ho , Choi Kwang-Seong
Published: August 2023

In this study, we present the development of a highly reliable 64
× 64 Mini‐LED display, where the LED array is
transferred/bonded onto a glass substrate using SITRAB
technology and materials. The display substrate was fabricated by
patterning two layers of Cu on top of heat‐resistant glass with a
thickness of 500 μm. We applied SITRAB solder paste containing
type 6 solder powder based on a resin matrix to the display
substrate using screen printing. Subsequently, we transferred and
bonded the 64 × 64 color LED array using the SITRAB process.
The pixel pitch is 450 μm, corresponding to a 78" 4K display. No
bad pixels were found among a total of 12288 LEDs. We analyzed
the shear strength and reliability test results of LED chips bonded
using SITRAB materials and processes. By applying SITRAB
materials, the shear strength of the LED chips was increased by
27% before and 45% after reliability testing compared to the chips
without added resin.
31‐4: Sharp Force Touch for On‐Screen User Interface in LCD and Foldable OLED Display Application
Authors: Yamamoto Takuma , Maruyama Takenori , Kida Kazutoshi , Yamagishi Shinji , Sugita Yasuhiro , Fukushima Hiroshi , Noma Mikihiro
Published: August 2023

We describe ultra‐high sensitive force sensor on flat display that
can detect and differentiate between feather touch and press touch
or tapping. The proposed unique sensor pattern design and
pressure‐sensitive material enables ultra‐high force sensitivity,
multi force detection (10 points). Our force touch technology with
button‐shaped bumps cover enables blind input operations and
usability as good as mechanical buttons. Therefore, our technology
provides reduced input errors and yield more intuitive and safedrive.
In addition, the proposed novel algorithm enables an
operating temperature range for automotive applications.
32‐3: Late‐News Paper: Development of 540Hz LCD with Low Resistance Gate LTPS Technology
Authors: Lin Wei-Zhong , Ye Jia-Hong , Huang Ching-Liang , Lu Pei-Ying , Huang Chun-Lung , Huang Hsin-Chun , Kuo Wei-Hung , Cheng Hsiao-Wei , Huang Wei-Ming , Wu Yang-An
Published: August 2023

Rapid growth of the gaming monitor market in recent years has increased the demand for high frame rate display. We have developed a fast‐response liquid crystal LCD with high frame rate driving backplane based on low resistance gate LTPS‐TFT technology. The 540Hz refresh rate LCD with advanced of LTPS backplane technology has good moving picture quality and fulfills the requirement for product reliability test.
35‐4: Carbon Nanotube Thin‐Film Transistors for Active‐Matrix Micro‐LED Display – Device Performances, Bias Stress Stability and Compact Modeling
Authors: Gong Yujia , Zhi Zinan , Zheng Anqi , Ouyang Chenglan , Li Yi , Yin Jie , Cao Yu , Xu Haitao , Zhou Yugang , Hua Zhongqiu , Liang Xuelei , Peng Lian-Mao , Kang Jiahao
Published: August 2023

Carbon nanotube thin‐film transistor (CNT‐TFT) is expected to be a promising candidate for backplane technologies for emerging displays including micro‐LED, due to its extraordinary driving capability. In this work, CNT‐TFTs are characterized, which exhibit excellent on‐state current, high carrier mobility, and low subthreshold swing. Different from conventional TFTs, a positive threshold voltage shift under negative bias stress is observed in these devices. The mechanism is explored and explained, and an improved stretched‐exponential model is developed for such phenomenon. To predict the driving capability of CNT‐TFT backplane technology, compact models for CNT‐TFTs and micro‐LEDs are built based on experimental data, and SPICE simulation of a 3T1C pixel circuit is carried out. The results indicate that CNT‐TFTs enables high driving current in active‐matrix micro‐LED display with relative ease, paving the way for practical applications of CNT‐TFTs.
36‐3: Design and Analysis of Brightness enhancement Integral Imaging Based 3D Light‐Field Normal Display and Optical See‐Through Light‐Field Display by Discrete Lenslet Array
Authors: Chang Chia-Yuan , Lin Hoang-Yan
Published: August 2023

We want to create a floating projection with integral imaging based 3D light field normal display and with an optical see‐through display. Using the Computer Generated Elemental Image (CGEI) method to create an image with a different depth from a two‐dimensional image and depth map. We create a new weight function instead of using the previous one from the previous paper in the same method. Also, creating an optical see‐through light‐field display by using a discrete lenslet array. Finally, we created naked 3D with brighter information and realize floating projection effect with a see‐through display.
37‐1: Invited Paper: Manufacturing Readiness of High‐Efficiency and Low‐Cost MicroLED Displays
Authors: Zhu Mingwei , Ng Hou T , Ganapathiappan Sivapackia , Li Zhiyong , Patibandla Nag
Published: August 2023

Applied Materials is pursuing an innovative and manufacturing scalable approach to fabricate full‐color microLED displays on active‐matrix TFT backplanes with four subpixels, high‐efficiency UV‐A microLEDs and in‐situ curing of Cd‐free R/G/B QD formulations. A simplified die‐transfer and much reduced die repair scheme using the 4th subpixel are developed and demonstrated. The readiness of manufacturing tools, materials and processes, and the development of microLEDs with size down to 6µm will be discussed along with progress in assembling smartwatch size displays of superior performance.
45‐2: 14.6‐inch 202‐ppi Rollable Micro LED Display with Color Conversion Technology
Authors: Liu Chan-Jui , Tsai Cheng-Yeh , Lin Wei-Ting , Cheng Chun-Chung , Tsai Yi-Wei , Chen Wei-Chih , Wu Chih-Hung , Hsieh Kun-Lung , Jang Jia-Wen , Huang Chiao-Li , Wang Hsun-Yi , Yu Fang-Cheng , Su Wei-Jen , Chih Ssu-Hsien , Chi Hong-Sian , Huang Yu-Chun , Tai Chun-Han , Fanjiang Shih-chi , Chan Chun-Hsiang , Lin Chih-Chieh , Hsieh Chia-Ting , Hung Wei-Lun , Lee Seok-Lyul , Lin Yu-Chieh
Published: August 2023

The 14.6‐inch 202‐ppi rollable micro LED display was fabricated on flexible LTPS TFT backplanes. The tiny micro LEDs, those size are less than 30 um, were bonded on backplanes by flip‐chip soldering technologies. More than 11 million micro LEDs were transferred to achieve brightness of >1000 nits, contrast ratio of >1,000,000:1 and resolution of 2560xRGBx1440. We investigated the structure and mechanism to achieve the rollable capability for micro LED displays.
45‐5: Invited Paper: MicroLED Displays for Smartwatch and Smartphone
Authors: Chaji Reza , Fathi Ehsan
Published: August 2023

MicroLED displays can be a perfect fit for smartphones and smartwatches due to the potential for low power consumption, high brightness, and thin and foldable form factor. However, the challenges with small microLEDs and high display costs have hindered the process. VueReal has demonstrated a solution that solves these issues and can quickly scale to volume productions needed for smartphones.
51‐2: Invited Paper: Developing a Platform for Creating Waveguide Combiners for AR Headsets and Metasurface‐based Optics
Authors: Godet Ludovic , Thijssen Rutger , Fu Jinxin , Hourani Rami , Doshay Sage , Visser Robert J
Published: August 2023

Augmented and Virtual Reality will enable new platforms for communicating, learning, and computing. These new display platforms rely on essential waveguide combiners for transporting, expanding, and rendering the image generated by the light engine onto the glasses. Using its more than 50 years of semiconductor experience, Applied Materials is now developing waveguide combiners on glass. Metasurface‐based optics will revolutionize the world of optics, creating opportunities for new, nanostructured optical devices with a much thinner form factor not previously possible with classical optics. This paper describes the new materials and the techniques needed to create these nanostructured optical devices.
51‐3: Copper Thin Film Dry Etching Equipment via ECR Plasma Source
Authors: Jang Jin Nyoung , Lee Jong Hwa , Jung Jae Hoon , Jung Kiro , Lee Sangheon , Kim Donghoon , Hong Mun‐Pyo , Kim Sang‐Gab , Jang Soo Ouk , Kim Chiwoo
Published: August 2023

This paper presents Gen. 2 (370 mm * 470 mm) size thin copper film dry etching performance that is etched by high electron temperature plasma source with low temperature substrate. Dry etching is performed using HCl gas in a reactive ion etching mode. In addition, scanning low temperature susceptor and the electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma produced by rectangular‐type microwave slot antenna (ReSLAN) are used.