bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Space time energy equivalence
Authors: Nikolayevich Sukhanov Vladimir
Published: April 2024

Space–time–energy equivalence is the principle that everything that has space and time (in the presence of a constant force with an impact point) has an equivalent amount of energy, and vice versa. This equivalence is widespread in physics and astrophysics.
Five examples (Stoney units, Planck units, Newton's law and Interaction of light rays, standard gravitational parameter and Coulomb's law) of the algebraic notation of this principle show its universality. Five examples (repetitions) of the same principle should justify the universality of the new principle and its use in physics and astrophysics.
The proposed equivalence reveals the functional relationship between physical constants: Planck's constant, electric charge of an electron, vacuum permittivity and vacuum permeability.
The realization of this equivalence will allow, through deepening the understanding of the nature of space–time, to take a fresh look at physics, when describing natural laws and principles.
CFD Analysis of Interference Factor in Hydrofoil-Supported Catamarans (HYSUCAT)
Authors: Firdhaus Ahmad , Kiryanto Kiryanto , Rindo Good , Trimulyono Andi
Published: April 2024

Catamaran, with its distinctive dual-hull design, offers unique advantages in maritime applications, including improved stability and space utilization over traditional monohull vessels. However, the interaction between the two hulls generates complex hydrodynamic phenomena, significantly influencing the vessel's overall performance. One critical aspect of this interaction is the interference factor, which affects the hydrodynamic resistance encountered by the vessel. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the changes in hydrodynamic characteristics that occur when hydrofoils are incorporated into typical catamaran hull forms. This is accomplished through the utilization of advanced Computing Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. In this study, a Delft-372 catamaran with a concept design is modified by installing a foil system with a high Reynolds number in order to reduce its overall resistance. The new system is then analyzed in order to determine the impact that it has on interference factors. For the purpose of achieving a comprehensive understanding of hydrodynamic behavior, the simulations are carried out under a variety of operating conditions, which include a variety of speeds. Simulations result indicate that the interference factor consistently increases drag for hydrofoil-supported catamarans to more than double that of monohulls across all speeds, particularly when hydrofoil-induced flow disturbances adversely affect the hull's boundary layer, leading to reduced efficiency.
Circulating MicroRNAs: Methodological Aspects in Detection of These Biomarkers
Authors: Hruštincová A. , Votavová H. , Dostálová Merkerová Michaela
Published: April 2024

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are evolutionarily conserved small non-coding RNAs that regulate expression of protein-coding genes involved in important biological processes and (patho)physiological states. Circulating miRNAs are protected against degradation, indicating their relevant biological functions. Many studies have demonstrated an association of the specific profile of circulating miRNAs with a wide range of cancers as well as non-malignant diseases. These findings demonstrate the implication of circulating miRNAs in the pathogenesis of diseases and their potential as non-invasive disease biomarkers. However, methods for measurement of circulating miRNAs have critical technical hotspots, resulting in a discrepancy of the reported results and difficult definition of consensus disease biomarkers that may be implicated in clinical use. Here, we review functions of circulating miRNAs and their aberrant expression in particular diseases. Further, we discuss methodological aspects of their detection and quantification as well as our experience with the methods.
Oestradiol Treatment Counteracts the Effect of Fructose-Rich Diet on Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 Expression and NFκB Activation
Authors: Bundalo M. , Zivkovic M. , Culafic T. , Stojiljkovic M. , Koricanac G. , Stankovic Aleksandra
Published: April 2024

Fructose-rich diet induces metabolic changes similar to those observed in metabolic syndrome. Among other matrix metalloproteinases, MMP-9 has an important role in adverse cardiac remodelling and might have a role in the development of cardiovascular disorders associated with metabolic syndrome. The changes of MMP-9 expression could be mediated via the NFκB pathway. In this study we investigated the effect of fructose-rich diet on MMP-9 expression in the heart of male and female rats, along with the effect of fructose-rich diet and oestradiol on MMP-9 expression in ovariectomized females. We further assessed the effect of fructose-rich diet and oestradiol on NFκB activation, measured as the level of p65 phosphorylation at Ser 276. The results showed that the diet regime did not affect the heart mass. Higher MMP-9 gene expression was found in cardiac tissue of male rats fed the fructose-rich diet than in females on the same diet regime. In ovariectomized females, fructose-rich diet upregulated MMP-9 protein and mRNA expression in the heart, as well as phosphorylation of the p65 subunit of NFκB at Ser 276. Oestradiol replacement therapy reverted these changes in the heart of ovariectomized females. This study has shown that oestradiol could revert the early molecular changes in MMP-9 expression induced by fructose-rich diet that occurred before cardiac hypertrophy development by decreasing phosphorylation of the NFκB p65 subunit at Ser 276.
Immune Function Alterations during 12 Weeks of Abstinence in Heroin Users
Authors: Wang Z. , Yang X-R. , Song H. , Cao B-R. , Yin F. , An Z-M. , Kang Lin , Li Jing
Published: April 2024

The intent of the study was to evaluate immune system changes during 12 weeks of abstinence in heroin users. We recruited men (N = 65) aged 18–45 years and collected demographic and heroin use pattern data. Serum blood levels of total interleukin 2 (IL-2), interferon γ (IFN-γ), immunoglobulin (Ig) A, IgG, and IgM were assessed at five time points. The IL-2 level was increased on day 84 as compared to that in healthy controls. The IFN-γ level was higher in heroin users than in healthy controls between days 0 and 28, and was decreased on day 84. IgG and IgM levels in heroin users were higher than those in healthy controls in our 12-week study, and were in positive correlation with the way of using the drug, duration of heroin dependence, and daily heroin intake. Our data revealed that the immune system was not restored during the 12 weeks of heroin withdrawal.
Right ventricular preload and afterload challenge induces contractile dysfunction and arrhythmia in isolated hearts of dystrophin‐deficient male mice
Authors: Behrmann Andrew , Cayton Jessica , Hayden Matthew R. , Lambert Michelle D. , Nourian Zahra , Nyanyo Keith , Godbee Brooke , Hanft Laurin M. , Krenz Maike , McDonald Kerry S. , Domeier Timothy L.
Published: April 2024

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X‐linked recessive myopathy due to mutations in the dystrophin gene. Diaphragmatic weakness in DMD causes hypoventilation and elevated afterload on the right ventricle (RV). Thus, RV dysfunction in DMD develops early in disease progression. Herein, we deliver a 30‐min sustained RV preload/afterload challenge to isolated hearts of wild‐type (Wt) and dystrophic (Dmdmdx‐4Cv) mice at both young (2–6 month) and middle‐age (8–12 month) to test the hypothesis that the dystrophic RV is susceptible to dysfunction with elevated load. Young dystrophic hearts exhibited greater pressure development than wild type under baseline (Langendorff) conditions, but following RV challenge exhibited similar contractile function as wild type. Following the RV challenge, young dystrophic hearts had an increased incidence of premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) compared to wild type. Hearts of middle‐aged wild‐type and dystrophic mice had similar contractile function during baseline conditions. After RV challenge, hearts of middle‐aged dystrophic mice had severe RV dysfunction and arrhythmias, including ventricular tachycardia. Following the RV load challenge, dystrophic hearts had greater lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release than wild‐type mice indicative of damage. Our data indicate age‐dependent changes in RV function with load in dystrophin deficiency, highlighting the need to avoid sustained RV load to forestall dysfunction and arrhythmia.
Effect of epicatechin consumption on the inflammatory pathway and mitochondria morphology in PBMC from a R350P desminopathy patient: A case report
Authors: Tapia‐Curimil Germán , Castro‐Sepulveda Mauricio , Zbinden‐Foncea Hermann
Published: April 2024

Desminopathy R350P is a human myopathy that is characterized by the progressive loss of muscle fiber organization. This results in the loss of muscle size, mobility, and strength. In desminopathy, inflammation affects muscle homeostasis and repair, and contributes to progressive muscle deterioration. Mitochondria morphology was also suggested to affect desminopathy progression. Epicatechin (Epi)—a natural compound found in cacao—has been proposed to regulate inflammatory signaling and mitochondria morphology in human and animal models. Hence, we hypothesize chronic Epi consumption to improve inflammatory pathway and mitochondria morphology in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of a desminopathy R350P patient. We found that 12 weeks of Epi consumption partially restored TRL4 signaling, indicative of inflammatory signaling and mitochondria morphology in the desminopathy patient. Moreover, Epi consumption improved blood health parameters, including reduced HOMA‐IR and IL‐6 levels in the desminopathy patient. This indicates that Epi consumption could be a useful tool to slow disease progression in desminopathy patients.
“In the Midst of Smoke and Flame”: Extraction Ecologies and Industrial Tourism in the Nineteenth-Century Periodical Press
Authors: Ditter Julia
Published: April 2024

By addressing the shared formal, aesthetic, affective, and political characteristics of the industrial travel account, this article examines how travel writers in the nineteenth century mediate the tensions within and between extractive labour, tourism, and ecological relations. Focusing on industrial travel accounts published in The Leisure Hour (1852–1905), Chambers’s Edinburgh Journal (1832–1897) and All the Year Round (1859–1895), the article highlights the periodical press as a productive arena for the cultural and literary study of nineteenth-century energy regimes.
“Slippy with Rot”: The Irish Potato Famine and Neo-Victorianism’s Colonial Roots
Authors: Tronicke Marlena
Published: April 2024

In Paul Lynch’s neo-Victorian Famine novel Grace (2017), the protagonist’s encounter with the proverbial root of all evil marks a moment of Gothic horror. Much more threatening than a single dead body, the foul-smelling, rotten potato invokes the gigantic number of corpses the blight produced during the Irish Famine of the 1840 s. Rather than a natural disaster, this must be understood as a direct result of what is often broadly referred to as ‘ecological imperialism’. This article examines the ways in which Grace positions the Famine as both concrete reality and synecdoche of colonialism. The novel traces how the potato blight, caused by the pathogen oomycete Phytophthora infestans, transforms rural Ireland into an uninhabitable wasteland, populated by dehumanised creatures that are rendered disposable. In a second step, I consider the rotten potato as metaphorical of neo-Victorianism’s larger critical potential. As critics have argued, neo-Victorianism is well-suited to intervene in selective and largely nostalgic memorialisations of Britain’s imperial legacies. To do so, however, it must properly acknowledge that the soil on which it plants – the textualities, theoretical frameworks, and methodological tools upon which it draws – is saturated with imperialist ideology to an extent that precludes any critical re-readings of the past and its bearing on the present.
Structural homology of mite profilins to plant profilins is not indicative of allergic cross-reactivity
Authors: O’Malley Andrea , Sankaran Sahana , Carriuolo Avery , Khatri Kriti , Kowal Krzysztof , Chruszcz Maksymilian
Published: April 2024

Structural and allergenic characterization of mite profilins has not been previously pursued to a similar extent as plant profilins. Here, we describe structures of profilins originating from Tyrophagus putrescentiae (registered allergen Tyr p 36.0101) and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (here termed Der p profilin), which are the first structures of profilins from Arachnida. Additionally, the thermal stabilities of mite and plant profilins are compared, suggesting that the high number of cysteine residues in mite profilins may play a role in their increased stability. We also examine the cross-reactivity of plant and mite profilins as well as investigate the relevance of these profilins in mite inhalant allergy. Despite their high structural similarity to other profilins, mite profilins have low sequence identity with plant and human profilins. Subsequently, these mite profilins most likely do not display cross-reactivity with plant profilins. At the same time the profilins have highly conserved poly(l-proline) and actin binding sites.
Differences in Indicators of Socio-Psychological Integration Between Refugees from Syria and Receiving Community in Croatia
Authors: Kiralj Lacković Jana , Ajduković Dean
Published: April 2024

Socio-psychological integration is a dimension of integration affecting refugees and receiving community members alike, and is related to those integration goals which promote positive intergroup attitudes, close social proximity, interrelation of social networks, low levels of perceived intergroup threat, positive intergroup contact, etc. The goal of this study was to explore the differences in the levels of indicators of socio-psychological integration in both groups. Six hundred receiving community members in Croatia, and 149 refugees from Syria in Croatia participated in the field study. The results generally show that the refugees have more positive attitudes towards receiving community members, a closer social proximity and lower levels of perception of symbolic and realistic intergroup threat than vice-versa. Intergroup contact in Croatia is very rare, posing an interesting setting for the integration process. Potential implications of these findings are discussed.
Experimental analysis of S–N curves of welded joints with different fatigue life extension approaches
Authors: Tian Lei , Feng Chao , Su Molin , Xu Lianyong , Han Yongdian , Zhao Lei
Published: April 2024

The fatigue life extension approaches played an important role in ensuring the safety of marine engineering structures. This study conducted an in-depth analysis of the S–N curves of welded structures under different service environments and different fatigue life extension approaches, and found that the comprehensive life extension process of welding toe polishing and coating (the fatigue life was extended by 15–33 times compared to untreated samples) was the most significant approach under dry air medium environment. The comprehensive life extension process of welding toe polishing and coating (the fatigue life was extended by 10–25 times compared to untreated samples) was the most significant approach under salt spray corrosive medium environment. Moreover, the S–N curve and related parameters of welded joints of semi-submersible platform under different environmental media conditions and different combinations of fatigue life extension approaches were studied in depth, which had important guiding significance for practical life extension tools of jacket platform T-joints in practice.
A comparative analysis of corrosion assessment techniques for steel in reinforced concrete exposed to brine water environments
Authors: Wongpanya Pornwasa , Phangking Dapanee , Phueakphum Decho
Published: April 2024

Corrosion assessment of steel-reinforced concrete specimens submerged in synthetic brine water with various chloride concentrations for 1–16 weeks was performed. Mass loss measurements combined with electrochemical techniques – half-cell potential, linear polarization (LP), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) – were employed. The results obtained from all corrosion assessments – on-site testing (half-cell potential measurements), laboratory scale (LP and EIS measurements), and destructive testing (mass loss or immersion measurements) – exhibited remarkable consistency, complementarity, and mutual supportiveness. Corrosion rate (CR) values from mass loss were close to those obtained from LP and EIS. The corrosion resistance decreased with increasing chloride concentration and immersion time, as indicated by the highest CR, Ca2+, and Fe2+ concentrations, and the lowest half-cell potential and polarization resistance. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy investigation on the corroded steel surface revealed Fe(III) oxides and hydroxides and Fe(III) (FeCl3), corresponding to the reduction in polarization resistance in the LP and EIS results.
Polymer nanocomposite for protecting photovoltaic cells from solar ultraviolet in space
Authors: Darwish Abdalla M. , Sarkisov Sergey S. , Graycol Brandon , Hribljan Anja , Patel Darayas N. , Fedoseyev Alex , Hui David , Mele Paolo , Latronico Giovanna , Cho Kyu , Giri Anit , Koplitz Brent
Published: April 2024

Polymer nanocomposite coatings of solar photovoltaic cells that absorb solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation and convert it into visible and near-infrared (NIR) light can increase the operational lifetime and the energy efficiency of the cells. We report a polymer nanocomposite spectrum converting layer (SCL) made of colorless polyimide CORIN impregnated with the nanoparticles (NPs) of fluoride NaYF4 doped with three-valent ions of Europium at a molar concentration of 60%. The NPs were the nanocrystals (179 ± 35 nm in size) in thermally stable hexagonal beta-phase. The visible-NIR photoluminescence quantum yield of the nano-powder was ∼69%. The SCLs were applied using the open-air multi-beam multi-target pulsed laser deposition method to silicon heterojunction (SHJ), copper-indium-gallium-selenide (CIGS), and inverted metamorphic multijunction (IMM) solar cells. The cells were exposed to UV radiation from a 365 nm light emitting diode. The I–V characteristics of the cells were measured with a solar simulator using AM0 filter. The proposed SCLs improved the UV stability of all three types of the cells: the power degradation of SHJs and IMMs cells was stopped or slightly reversed and the degradation rate of CIGSs decreased by ∼25%. The proposed SCLs have great commercial potential, especially for applications to space power.
A hitelportfóliók maximális bedőlési valószínűségének meghatározása I.
Authors: VÖRÖS József , SCHEPP Zoltán
Published: April 2024

Hitelezési veszteségek a befolyásoló tényezők jövőbeni állapota ismeretének hiányából erednek, és e tényezőket a belső sajátosságokat kifejező, úgynevezett idioszinkratikus, illetve a külső, úgynevezett makró okok csoportjába sorolja az irodalom. Kedvező külső körülmények fennállása esetén is 2-4\%-ra tehető a hitelek bedőlési aránya, melyre fel lehet készülni. Viszont a külső környezetben létezhetnek olyan kedvezőtlen makró állapotok, melyeknek bekövetkezése a bedőlések arányának növekedését vonja maga után. Fontos ezért annak elemzése, hogy milyen makró tényezők, és azok milyen mértékben okozzák a bedőlések arányának változását. A Vasicek-modell használata ismert a pénzügyi szférában: a Vasicek-modell egyetlen hitelterméktípus bedőlési valószínűségének meghatározását tűzi ki célul, és a külső, úgynevezett makróhatásokat egyetlen magyarázó változóban sűríti össze.  E tanulmány megállapítja, hogy a Vasicek-modell bedőlési valószínűségre adott becslése nagyon érzékeny az input paraméterekre, melyek száma egyébként is nagy, továbbá gyakran valós értékük nehezen mérhető. Fontos azt is megjegyezni, hogy a modell nehezen bizonyítható összefüggéseket tételez fel. A modell értékeit megtartva e tanulmány alapvetően két irányban indított modellcsaládot enged útjára, melyek kidolgozásánál alapvető cél volt, hogy egy banki felső vezetés, vagy felügyeleti szerv számára könnyen áttekinthető (pl. egy ábrában összefoglalható), hasznos módszertant javasoljunk, ahol az inputok a lehető legegyértelműbbek és mérhetők.
 
E tanulmánynak folytatását szánjuk, mely publikációban több hiteltermékre vonatkozóan, szimultán módon határozzuk meg a maximális veszteségek nagyságát, amikor több külső (makró) tényezőt is felhasználhatunk magyarázó változóként.
RNA Sequencing Demonstrates Ex Vivo Neocortical Transcriptomic Changes Induced by Epileptiform Activity in Male and Female Mice
Authors: Vaughan Alec J. , McMeekin Laura J. , Hine Kutter , Stubbs Isaac W. , Codadu Neela K. , Cockell Simon , Hill Jonathon T. , Cowell Rita , Trevelyan Andrew J. , Parrish R. Ryley
Published: April 2024

Seizures are generally associated with epilepsy but may also be a symptom of many other neurological conditions. A hallmark of a seizure is the intensity of the local neuronal activation, which can drive large-scale gene transcription changes. Such changes in the transcriptional profile likely alter neuronal function, thereby contributing to the pathological process. Therefore, there is a strong clinical imperative to characterize how gene expression is changed by seizure activity. To this end, we developed a simplified ex vivo technique for studying seizure-induced transcriptional changes. We compared the RNA sequencing profile in mouse neocortical tissue with up to 3 h of epileptiform activity induced by 4-aminopyridine (4AP) relative to control brain slices not exposed to the drug. We identified over 100 genes with significantly altered expression after 4AP treatment, including multiple genes involved in MAPK, TNF, and neuroinflammatory signaling pathways, all of which have been linked to epilepsy previously. Notably, the patterns in male and female brain slices were almost identical. Various immediate early genes were among those showing the largest upregulation. The set of down-regulated genes included ones that might be expected either to increase or to decrease neuronal excitability. In summary, we found the seizure-induced transcriptional profile complex, but the changes aligned well with an analysis of published epilepsy-associated genes. We discuss how simple models may provide new angles for investigating seizure-induced transcriptional changes.
Auditory Competition and Coding of Relative Stimulus Strength across Midbrain Space Maps of Barn Owls
Authors: Bae Andrea J. , Ferger Roland , Peña José L.
Published: April 2024

The natural environment challenges the brain to prioritize the processing of salient stimuli. The barn owl, a sound localization specialist, exhibits a circuit called the midbrain stimulus selection network, dedicated to representing locations of the most salient stimulus in circumstances of concurrent stimuli. Previous competition studies using unimodal (visual) and bimodal (visual and auditory) stimuli have shown that relative strength is encoded in spike response rates. However, open questions remain concerning auditory–auditory competition on coding. To this end, we present diverse auditory competitors (concurrent flat noise and amplitude-modulated noise) and record neural responses of awake barn owls of both sexes in subsequent midbrain space maps, the external nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICx) and optic tectum (OT). While both ICx and OT exhibit a topographic map of auditory space, OT also integrates visual input and is part of the global-inhibitory midbrain stimulus selection network. Through comparative investigation of these regions, we show that while increasing strength of a competitor sound decreases spike response rates of spatially distant neurons in both regions, relative strength determines spike train synchrony of nearby units only in the OT. Furthermore, changes in synchrony by sound competition in the OT are correlated to gamma range oscillations of local field potentials associated with input from the midbrain stimulus selection network. The results of this investigation suggest that modulations in spiking synchrony between units by gamma oscillations are an emergent coding scheme representing relative strength of concurrent stimuli, which may have relevant implications for downstream readout.
Construção e validação de tecnologia educacional para o manejo da sede pré-operatória
Authors: Soares Francisco Mayron Morais , Santos Maria Ivaneide Teixeira dos , Rodrigues Ana Beatriz Frota Lima , Mendes Igor Cordeiro , Lima Gleiciane Kelen , Braga Francisco Luan Sousa , Bezerra Karine de Castro
Published: April 2024

Objetivo: construir e validar imagens com mensagens educativas para telefones móveis na adesão do manejo da sede pré-operatória. Métodos: estudo metodológico, realizado em três fases: 1) coleta de informações dos pacientes com sede pré-operatória; 2) elaboração das imagens com mensagens educativas; 3) evidências de validade de conteúdo e aparência das imagens pelos experts. Calculou-se o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo e aplicou-se o teste binomial. Resultados: foram confeccionadas 27 imagens com mensagens educativas para telefones móveis que trazem informações frente à sede, em relação aos seus sinais e sintomas, fatores causais, métodos utilizados no seu alívio e seus mecanismos de ação. O índice geral de validade de conteúdo foi de 0,96 e o índice geral de validade de aparência de 0,94. Conclusão: as imagens com mensagens educativas para telefones móveis encontram-se validadas em conteúdo e aparência. Contribuições para a prática: consistem em um importante recurso que auxiliará na adesão de manejo da sede.
Cumulus matrix selection leads to isolation of spermatozoa with better motility, morphology, and lower DNA fragmentation
Authors: Handzhiyska Maria , Ganeva Rumiana , Parvanov Dimitar , Ruseva Margarita , Eftimov Petar , Georgieva Vilyana , Velikova Denitsa , Stamenov Georgi
Published: April 2024

The objective of this study was to compare the motility, morphology, and levels of DNA fragmentation of spermatozoa subjected to conventional swim-up or cumulus matrix (CM) sperm selection. Semen samples were collected from 60 normozoospermic men at a private hospital between December 2021 and March 2022. After liquefaction, semen samples were separated into two portions – one part was subjected to conventional swim-up preparation, and the remaining spermatozoa were subjected to CM selection. The CM was obtained by mechanical isolation from healthy donor oocytes. Semen analysis and evaluation of sperm were performed according to the WHO 6th Edition Laboratory Manual and Kruger’s strict criteria, respectively. Sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF, %) of the two preparations was evaluated using the Halosperm G2 detection Kit (Halotech, Madrid, Spain). Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to compare the characteristics of spermatozoa obtained by the two preparations. Spermatozoa selected by CM showed significantly better rapidly progressive motility (43.5% vs 30.6%, respectively, P < 0.001), a higher percentage of morphologically normal forms (14.0% vs 9.0%, respectively, P < 0.05), and lower levels of SDF (26.0% vs 45.0%, P < 0.05) compared to those prepared by conventional swim-up. Moreover, the incidence of multiple sperm defects was considerably lower in the samples that underwent CM selection compared to those that did not (30.0% vs 49.0%, respectively, P < 0.05).The selection by CM significantly increases sperm motility and reduces morphologically abnormal spermatozoa and DNA fragmentation rates compared to the conventional swim-up preparation. The application of this selection technique may increase the chances of successful IVF outcomes.

Lay summary

There are various techniques for selecting high-quality sperm with better shape, mobility, and DNA quality. However, the success of assisted reproduction techniques remains relatively unchanged. In this study, we describe an innovative method that uses the ingredients of a natural coat surrounding the egg (cumulus matrix) to enhance sperm selection procedures. Using this cumulus matrix as a barrier through which sperm cells pass, we mimic natural sperm–egg interactions and are able to select sperm with better characteristics compared to conventional methods. This new sperm selection procedure could lead to increased assisted reproduction success rates.
Oxidative damage in immunoglobulin light chain and transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis – a closer look
Authors: Cavallone Elena , Mousavi Amir Hassan , Biolé Carloalberto , Nangeroni Giulia , Chinaglia Alessandra , Bianco Matteo
Published: April 2024

Heart failure is a progressive disease, representing a growing cause of morbidity, hospitalization, and mortality. An increasingly common type of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is an immunoglobulin light chain and transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis, in the pathophysiology of which oxidative damage appears to exert a strong impact. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species have physiological signaling functions, but their overaccumulation, as in cardiac amyloidosis, leads to cardiomyocyte damage and apoptosis, and to cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Moreover, such pathological processes worsen the redox damage with the perpetuation of an inflammatory state, in a vicious cycle. Here, the role of oxidative damage in the transthyretin and immunoglobulin light chain cardiac amyloidosis, the underlying pathogenic mechanisms, the therapeutic implications, and possible future strategies are reviewed.
TGFB1 stimulates the proliferation of quiescent oogonial stem cells in chicken
Authors: Zhang Yun , Wu Wenhui , Ma Yuxiao , Wang Xuzhao , Wei Jiahui , Guo Xiaotong , Xue Man , Ji Jiarong , Zhu Guiyu
Published: April 2024

In brief

Oogonial stem cells in the adult ovary can generate oocytes, but they are usually quiescent. TGFB1 is key in stimulating the proliferation of OSC, thereby ensuring the sustained reproductive potential in poultry species.

Oogonial stem cells (OSCs) are a type of germ stem cell present in the adult ovary. They have the ability to self-renew through mitosis and differentiate into oocytes through meiosis. We have previously identified a population of OSCs in the chicken ovary, but the underlying mechanisms controlling their activation and proliferation were unclear. In this study, we observed that OSCs showed robust proliferation when cultured on a layer of chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF), suggesting that CEF may secrete certain crucial factors that activate OSC proliferation. We further detected TGFB1 as a potent signaling molecule to promote OSC proliferation. Additionally, we revealed the signaling pathways that play important roles downstream of TGFB1-induced OSC proliferation. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms underlying OSC proliferation in chickens and offer a foundation for future research on in situ activation of OSC proliferation in ovary and improvement of egg-laying performance in chickens.
Time Banking and Social Capital Creation: a Transaction Data Analysis
Authors: Ángeles Carnero María , Martínez Blanca , Sánchez-Mangas Rocío
Published: April 2024

This article uses transaction data from three time banks located in Barcelona to analyze their potential to generate bonding and bridging social capital for their members. Regarding bonding social capital, the findings are in line with the related literature in terms of the average number of trading partners and the ego-network density. However, reciprocity is a more frequent form of behavior in our data than in other time banks from other countries. Concerning bridging social capital and considering different age groups, the results show slight evidence of homophilic behavior, although intergenerational transactions are also present, being more frequent between more similar age groups. Finally, we explore the influence of age on the time it takes for members to engage in transactions, which could somehow be related to their potential motivations behind joining a time bank.
Exilio, experiencias transnacionales, retorno y diásporas: itinerarios del Cono Sur
Authors: Roniger Luis
Published: April 2024

This article analyzes the experience of mass exile during the last wave of dictatorships in Argentina, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay and, in particular, the process of partial return to the countries of origin. In the face of the dramatic institutional breakdown that affected each of these societies under dictatorships in different ways and to varying degrees, the text addresses the limits, difficulties, and shortcomings that ex-exiles encountered upon their return, the impact of the returnees on their respective national scenarios, and how the transnational experience of those who suffered such territorial displacement shaped their impact on the institutions of origin, politics, and national culture upon their return to their home countries. Finally, the article shows how the countries of origin have approached and interacted with the ongoing diasporas of nationals abroad, particularly with the diaspora of academics and professionals.
La trata de personas: una realidad tan abrumadora como invisible
Authors: Díaz De Freitas Roselis
Published: April 2024

While human trafficking is a widespread phenomenon that impacts thousands of victims and has been on the rise over time, it has not been adequately addressed by States to combat and eradicate it. With this in mind, this article aims to bring attention to the pervasive culture of impunity surrounding human trafficking in our region and emphasize the importance of developing international standards from a human rights perspective. In this context, some factors are proposed to be considered in creating these, guided by the importance of regional international bodies encouraging States to make tangible efforts to combat this phenomenon by raising awareness and protecting the dignity and rights of victims of this crime.
Analysis of the Excess Kurtosis of Two-Component Mixtures of Shifted Non-Gaussian Distributions
Authors:   м. Київ, Krasilnikov A.I.
Published: April 2024

The dependence of the extremes and zeros of the excess kurtosis on the weight coefficient is researched. Formulas for finding the extrema points, the values of the minimums and maximums of the excess kurtosis are obtained. Conditions on the shift parameter under which the extrema points belong to the interval are determined. Formulas for finding the zeros of the excess kurtosis are obtained and conditions on shift parameter under which the roots of the equation are real and belong to the interval are determined. Examples of calculating extremes and zeros of the excess kurtosis of two-component mixtures of shifted non-Gaussian distributions are considered. The results of the research justify the possibility of practical application of two-component mixtures of shifted distributions for mathematical and computer modeling of an infinite number of non-Gaussian random variables with negative, positive and zero excess kurtosis.
Method and Means for Choice of Penetration Testing Services
Authors:   National Aerospace University named after M.E. Zhukovsky ", Podzolkov A. ,   Kharkiv Aviation Institute", Kharchenko V. ,   National Aerospace University named after M.E. Zhukovsky "Kharkiv Aviation Institute"
Published: April 2024

The methods of assessing the security of information systems (IS) with the help of special means of penetration testing (PT) and services that provide the corresponding tools (Penetration Testing as a Service, PTaaS) are analyzed. The indicators to compare PTaaS tools and services are substantiated, namely: provision of a report on compliance of the tested product with data protection requirements, availability of security certificates, use of appropriate testing methodologies, etc. A method has been developed for selecting a PTaaS service according to the customer’s requirements to increase IS cyber security by improving the completeness and reliability of penetration testing, as well as reducing the search time for PT tools. A cloud service is proposed that supports the implementation of the method and provides the option of choosing PTaaS. It was determined that the use of the proposed method and service enables users to quickly and conveniently choose PTaaS according to the requirements and work model of organizations or digital products.
Predicting the flowability of UHPC and identifying its significant influencing factors using an accurate ANN model
Authors: Abellán-García Joaquín , Khan M. Iqbal , Abbas Yassir M. , Pellicer-Martínez Francisco
Published: April 2024

In this research, a one-hidden layer artificial neural network paradigm (ANN) was created to forecast the slump flow of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC). To achieve this goal, 3,200 ANNs were evaluated to estimate the fresh UHPC’s slump flow utilizing 793 observations. The performance metrics measured on training and test data subsets were in the same order of magnitude, thereby pointing out the proper work of the k-fold validation procedure. The results of the connection weight approach analysis (CWA) indicated that water dosage had the highest positive importance in slump flow, preceding the superplasticizer volume ratio. Other factors that positively influenced slump flow were the water-to-powder ratio, the dosage of high-alkali glass powder, the water-to-binder ratio, and limestone concentration. The most negative influences on rheology were the high-alumina FC3R and metakaolin. The ANN accurately predicted the slump flow of UHPC, while the results of the CWA analysis were well-correlated with previous research.
Effects of saline and water stress on sweet sorghum
Authors: Sousa Leonardo Vieira de , Da Silva Rodrigo Rafael , Pires de Souza Maria Vanessa , Carvalho Maia de Queiroz Gabriela , Batista Clemente Maria Isabela , De Medeiros José Francismar
Published: April 2024

Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) is a plant that can be an alternative for the production of bioethanol in semi-arid regions. The objective of this work was to evaluate sweet sorghum 'BRS 506' under salt and water stress. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, in a factorial scheme (4x4), with the first factor referring to the electrical conductivities of the irrigation water (1.5; 3.0; 4.5; and 6.0 dS m-1) and the second refers to irrigation depths (53, 67, 85 and 95% of crop evapotranspiration). Gas exchange, leaf water status, leaf sugars and plant growth were evaluated. Salt and water stress cause negative effects on the growth of sweet sorghum 'BRS 506'. Salt stress causes disturbances in gas exchange and sugar levels. Sweet sorghum 'BRS 506' is tolerant to combined salt and water stress.
Influence of partial replacement of cement by biomass ashes on cement-wood composites properties
Authors: Felippe Silva Maria Fernanda , Felippe Silva João Vítor , Pires Franco Mariana , Proença Lopes Nathaly , Rodrigues Sousa Jeniffer Cristiane , Inácio de Campos Cristiane
Published: April 2024

The aim of this work was to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of cement-wood composites with the addition of biomass ashes at different levels (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25%). The composites were produced using Portland cement CPII, Eucalyptus grandis particles, and ashes from eucalyptus wood. The tests followed the NBR 7215 (2019) and ASTM E1876 (2022) standards, density, 24-hour thickness swelling, 24-hour water absorption, dynamic modulus of elasticity from non-destructive testing, static modulus of elasticity, and compressive strength at 28 days tests were carried out. After the tests, statistical analysis was performed to verify if there were statistically differences between the means at a 5% level of significance. The partial replacement of cement with ashes shows potential, especially with a 5% replacement, due to better physical and mechanical properties.
Unconventional Dental Implant Placement Through an Impacted Maxillary Central Incisor in Stable Contact With Enamel and Dentin: A Case Report
Authors: Lin Xiaoxuan , Zhang Zhengchuan , Huang Yaohong , Deng Feilong , Xu Ruogu
Published: April 2024

When edentulism is accompanied by an impacted tooth, conventional treatment usually involves traumatic tooth extraction, which would inevitably destroy the surrounding alveolar bone and cause unfavorable esthetics, especially for anterior teeth. Recently, implant placement through the impacted tooth or residual root has been proposed as an alternative to invasive extraction. A particular type of integration has been observed between dentin/cementum and titanium implant, while enamel-implant contact has not been reported. In this article, an implant was placed through the impacted maxillary central incisor, thereby avoiding an invasive extraction surgery. The buccal section of the tooth, including crown enamel, was retained in situ for buccal alveolar ridge preservation. The follow-up results were satisfactory, and a stable enamel-implant contact was observed. Combining with previous similar studies, this technique opens intriguing possibilities and brings fresh insight for the concept of dentointegration. More histological and clinical studies with long-term follow-up are warranted before endorsing this technique in routine application.
Annual All-Russian conference "New Year’s meetings at Petroverigsky". Collection of abstracts
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: April 2024

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EDUCAÇÃO DE TERREIRO NO QUILOMBO E ROÇA MANZO DIÁ LUANGO EM SÃO FRANCISCO-MG: ENTRE ENSINAGENS E APRENDÊNCIAS
Authors: Ferreira Welington Coimbra , Horácio Heiberle H.
Published: April 2024

Este artigo, partindo da compreensão que há Educação das Comunidades Tradicionais de Terreiro, que há Ensinagens de Terreiro, busca apresentar autoras e autores que compartilham dessa compreensão, bem como apontar a relação entre Ensinagens, Ensinamentos, Ensinadoras(es) e Aprendências nos processos educativos de terreiro, designadamente na Manzo diá Luango, importante quilombo e roça de Candomblé de Angola - na cidade de São Francisco, em Minas Gerais - território em que este trabalho foi gerado por anos.
Vitamin D Supplementation Reduces Hyperlipidemia and Improves Bone Mass in Pediatric Obesity
Authors: Wang Feifan , Bei Lingshan , Zhang Xiaoyan , Fu Yangxi
Published: April 2024

The objective of this study was to provide guidelines to clinicians for the evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency with an emphasis on the care of patients who are at risk for obesity and diabetes. Our aim was to determine the relationship between vitamin D3 and metabolic syndrome, and investigate the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on hyperlipidemia, glucose metabolism, and bone mass in pediatric patients with obesity. We conducted a study between January 2018 and January 2020, with a total of 723 children invited to participate. Of these, 283 were in the vitamin D supplement group (SG) and 440 were in the placebo group (PG). We evaluated blood pressure, fasting glucose, high-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and bone mineral density (BMD) in all subjects. We observed that cholesterol, triglyceride, and glucose levels were strongly associated with 25(OH)D3 levels at baseline. After vitamin D3 supplementation, we observed a significant increase in body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.02) and serum 25(OH)D3 (P < 0.01) levels in the vitamin D3 group compared to the placebo group. Additionally, serum lipids such as total cholesterol (P <0.01), HDL-c (P < 0.01), total cholesterol/HDL-c (P < 0.01), LDL-c/HDL-c (P < 0.01), and triglycerides/HDL-c (P < 0.01) were significantly decreased in the vitamin D group compared to the placebo group. Serum vitamin D3 was inversely associated with cholesterol, triglycerides, and fasting glucose. Our results suggest that vitamin D3 supplementation enhances the beneficial effect of hyperlipidemia, glucose metabolism, and bone mass in pediatric patients with obesity.
Differences and similarities of the preliminary ruling procedure of the European Court of Justice, and the advisory opinion of the Permanent Tribunal of Revision of the Mercosur.
Authors: Ponce Ludmila
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this paper is to present the reader with a comparative analysis of two judicial tools with similar objectives, under two dissimilar regional integration systems. In order to understand the origin of the differences and similarities of the institute under analysis, we will dive into the cultural, historical, economic and political circumstances, that will ultimately make clear the reasons that explain why the integration outcomes in the Southern Common Market differs from the European one. The final aim is to prove the statement that integration outcomes are highly dependent on regional endogenous properties. The concrete institutions under analysis will present the reader with a concrete case, where the different evolution paths, result in judicial tools of different levels of effectiveness in their respective integration processes.
A simple and cost-effective method for reducing microbial load in Salacia chinensis and Picrorhiza kurroa using glutaraldehyde
Authors: Shankar Mane , Umesh Chandra Dash , Shital Palghadmal , Nisha Mehta , Sriram Padmanabhan
Published: April 2024

Microorganisms like fungi, bacteria, and viruses are naturally present in different parts of a plant (root, bark, and leaf) and these become inhabitants of the plant. The establishment of modern Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) approaches has therefore been made to evaluate the microbial load in medicinal plants. During the manufacturing of herbal extracts as drugs, the quality of the herbal extracts is dictated by the level of presence of microbes. In order to make the herbal extracts HACCP compliant as far as microbial load is concerned; we carried out studies with Glutaraldehyde (GA) as an antimicrobial agent in the manufacturing process in two randomly selected herbs of Salacia chinensis and Picrorhiza kurroa. The outcome of our analysis revealed that 0.5% of GA treatment to the pulverized raw material of Salacia chinensis and Picrorhiza kurroa is effective for reduction of > 99.99% microbial load with minimal effect on the percentage yield of extracts (10% - 20%) and their bioactive molecules Salacinol and Picroside I&II as seen by LC-MS and HPLC analysis, respectively. Furthermore, in this article, we demonstrate the use of sodium bisulfite for the removal of the residual GA in the extract to make the process eco-friendly and environment-safe.
Von Stosch (VS) enriched seawater medium solution v1
Authors: Kuech Anton
Published: April 2024

This protocol outlines the steps required to prepare von Stosch (VS) enriched seawater medium modified according to Guiry & Cunningham (1984).
Calf-Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase Treatment in situ-Killinger 2024 v1
Authors: Killinger Bryan , Choi Solji
Published: April 2024

Alpha-synuclein phosphorylated at serine 129 (PSER129) occurs in two pools, non-aggregated (physiological) and aggregated (disease). This protocol allows for the selective dephosphorylation of non-aggregated PSER129 and enhances the specificity and sensitivity immunodetection of aggregated PSER129. Thus, this protocol can be used to differentiate physiological from aggregated PSER129.