bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differences in Instructor, Presenter, and Audience Ratings of PechaKucha and Traditional Student Presentations
Authors: Warmuth Kelly A. , Caple Alexandria H.
Published: March 2021

Background:

Recent evidence suggests PechaKucha—a presentation style utilizing simplified visuals, narration, and rigid time constraints—may promote various learning outcomes and instructor goals better than traditional PowerPoint presentations.

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of students’ PechaKucha compared to traditional presentations from multiple perspectives (instructor, presenter, and audience member) using a between-subjects design.

Method:

Instructors rated students’ PechaKucha ( n = 48) or traditional presentations ( n = 25), and students completed surveys on their experiences as presenters and audience members, as well as their immediate and delayed retention.

Results:

PechaKucha required significantly less class time, and received higher instructor ratings of appearance, creativity, and overall presentation quality. PechaKucha presenters displayed higher immediate retention of content from their own presentations than did presenters of traditional presentations, but there were no differences in delayed retention or presenter learning outcomes. PechaKucha audience members reported better understanding, as well as higher delayed retention. PechaKucha benefits were shown even when presentations were conducted remotely due to COVID-19.

Conclusion:

These findings further point to the utility of PechaKucha for promoting student learning outcomes and instructor goals from multiple perspectives.

Teaching Implications:

Instructors should consider assigning PechaKucha instead of traditional presentations.
School Leaders’ Opinions, Attitudes, and Performative Actions Toward Teacher Absenteeism in Kenya
Authors: Karppinen Seija Maritta , Dimba Magdalene , Kitawi Alfred
Published: March 2021

The research examined school leaders’ opinions, attitudes, and performative actions toward teacher absenteeism. Existing research has primarily focused on interventions implemented by the Teachers’ Service Commission to curb teacher absenteeism, and yet since leaders are the main agents and their actions are context bound, their actual actions and insights should be accounted for when addressing absenteeism. Our study finds that though teacher absenteeism has been reduced, disheartening challenges persist. The authors recommend continuous monitoring and establishing a mentoring system.
Alternative option for limb reperfusion cannula placement for percutaneous femoral veno-arterial ECMO
Authors: Göbölös Laszlo , Hogan Maurice , Kakar Vivek , Raposo Nuno , Sänger Stefan , Bhatnagar Gopal , Park Woosup Michael
Published: March 2021

Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) is an established last line support for severe, acute cardiorespiratory failure. In the case of VA ECMO, peripheral cannulation via the femoral vessels is often advantageous when compared with the alternative central cannulation, and is associated with better clinical outcomes. One of the specific potential complications of peripheral femoral arterial cannulation for ECMO, however, is ipsilateral distal lower limb ischemia; a consideration especially when cannulating the vessel directly, as distal limb perfusion is invariably compromised by an occlusive effect of the arterial cannula within the femoral artery. The gold standard technique for lower limb reperfusion is a separate size 6–7 Fr cannula inserted proximally into the femoral artery, just below the insertion point of the ECMO return cannula, and connected directly to the ECMO circuit so that the blood flow is also directed distally to perfuse the entire limb. This functions well whether the ECMO cannula has been placed percutaneously or by surgical cut-down. Although proximal femoral arterial placement of the reperfusion cannula is the established and preferred technique, there are many technical challenges which may preclude its placement. Local haematoma or bleeding post ECMO insertion, peripheral vascular disease, constricted vasculature in severely shocked patients, or patient obesity are all common reasons why placement of the proximal reperfusion cannula may be difficult, or impossible. In such instances, our retrograde perfusion technique may maintain limb perfusion and may even be limb saving for patients on VA ECMO support.
Hearing the voices of children diagnosed with a life-threatening or life-limiting illness and their parents’ accounts in a palliative care setting: A qualitative study
Authors: Ciobanu Estera , Preston Nancy
Published: March 2021

Background:

Exploring children’s experiences of a life-threatening or life-limiting diagnosis is essential in offering appropriate care for them. There have been few studies examining these and they are often from the parent’s perspective. Even if adults are frequently unwilling to share information with children, they become aware of their diagnosis and prognosis. The theory of awareness contexts provided a theoretical framework through which it can be understood what children knew about their condition.

Aim:

To advance the understanding of the experiences of children with a life-threatening or life-limiting condition.

Design:

A qualitative study using dyadic interviews and thematic analysis.

Setting/participants:

Ten children between 14 to 17 years old with a life-threatening or life-limiting illness who were supported by a palliative care service in Romania. Interviews were also undertaken with their mothers.

Results:

Interview data demonstrated that there was a gap in the child’s experience and understanding of their condition compared to their parents. The data produced six major themes: awareness of the illness, death and dying, the spiritual response to illness, the emotional response to illness, striving for normality and independence and coping strategies. The study showed that children can read subtle cues or they may talk with other children to learn about their illness when information is not openly available to them.

Conclusions:

Children in the study often know more about their condition than their parents realised. Using this understanding, healthcare professionals can advise parents and children about how to communicate with one another which would enable the children to give voice to their thoughts, emotions and experiences.
‘Living in parallel worlds’ – bereaved parents’ experience of family life when a parent with dependent children is at end of life from cancer: A qualitative study
Authors: Semple Cherith J , McCaughan Eilís , Beck Esther R , Hanna Jeffrey R
Published: March 2021

Background:

When a parent of dependent children (<18 years old) is at end of life from cancer, this has a profound impact on the family. Children less prepared for the death of a parent are more susceptive to poorer psychosocial adjustment in later life. There is a lack of understanding from the literature surrounding what support parents require, and how they navigate this end of life experience.

Aim:

To explore bereaved parents’ experience and needs for families when a parent is at end of life from cancer with dependent children.

Design:

In-depth, semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 21 bereaved mothers and fathers, identified from the general public, a family support service and hospice. Data were analysed thematically.

Results:

Parents often live in ‘parallel worlds’ throughout the end of life period. In one world, ‘living in the moment’, cherishing the ordinariness of family life, remaining hopeful treatment will prolong life, whilst adapting as the illness unfolds. The other world presents as ‘intermitted glimpses that death is approaching’, shadowed with painful emotional concerns surrounding their children and the future. At the end, death rapidly approaches, characterised as suddenly ‘falling off the cliff’; placing significant demands on the well-parent.

Conclusions:

Amidst challenges, clinicians should provide parents with clear information surrounding a poor prognosis, so families can plan and prepare for parental death. There is a need for healthcare professionals to engage, encourage and equip parents, as they prepare their children throughout the end of life experience for the inevitable death of a parent.
Acute lymphocytic leukemia with initial manifestation of serous retinal detachment and choroidal thickening: case report and literature review
Authors: Yan Weiming , Wang Yunpeng , Zheng Xiangrong , Chen Xiaohong , Ye Qian , Chen Yanjin , Chen Meizhu
Published: March 2021

This report describes a patient who had acute lymphocytic leukemia with exudative retinal detachment (RD), which mimicked Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada disease (VKH). A 61-year-old woman presented with painless loss of vision in the left eye. Fundus examination revealed RD in her left eye. B-scan ultrasonography confirmed localized RD and choroidal thickening. Fundus fluorescein angiography revealed stippled pinpoint hyperfluorescence in the upper macula. One week later, reduced visual acuity was noted in the right eye. B-scan ultrasonography and optical coherence tomography revealed serous RD in both eyes. A provisional diagnosis of VKH was made. However, subsequent hematologic analysis detected an extremely high leukocyte count. Elevated numbers of leukocytes and tumor cells were found in cerebrospinal fluid. Bone marrow biopsy revealed 77% primary atypical blood cells, 89% of which were immature lymphocytes. The patient was subsequently diagnosed with acute lymphocytic leukemia and transferred to the Department of Hematology. However, the patient and her family refused chemotherapy; she eventually died. Our findings suggest that exudative RD, similar to VKH, could be a sign of leukemia. Pinpoint hyperfluorescence leakage is important for differential diagnosis, particularly with respect to VKH.
Higher Incidence of Radiographic Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis With Transtibial Femoral Tunnel Positioning Compared With Anteromedial Femoral Tunnel Positioning During Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Cinque Mark E. , Kunze Kyle N. , Williams Brady T. , Moatshe Gilbert , LaPrade Robert F. , Chahla Jorge
Published: March 2021

Background:

Anteromedial (AM) femoral tunnel positioning in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) has been reported by some authors to yield superior clinical and functional outcomes compared with the transtibial (TT) approach; however, differences in the subsequent rates of posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) are not clear.

Purpose:

To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature to evaluate the influence of femoral tunnel positioning during primary ACLR on the development of radiographic PTOA.

Study Design:

Systematic review and Meta-analysis.

Methods:

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed (1980-2019), and MEDLINE (1980-2019) were queried for all studies describing the development of PTOA after TT or AM ACLR. Data pertaining to patient demographics, ACLR technique, and radiographic PTOA were extracted. A meta-analysis utilizing the DerSimonian-Laird method for random effects was used to compare the weighted proportion of PTOA after ACLR between the TT and AM approaches.

Results:

There were 16 studies identified for inclusion with a total of 1546 patients. The mean follow-up across all studies was 10.9 years (range, 5.4-17.8 years). The mean follow-up in the AM and TT groups was 10.8 years (range, 5.4-17 years) and 11.4 years (range, 6-17.8 years), respectively. A total of 783 (50.6%) patients underwent TT ACLR. Of these patients, 401 (weighted mean, 49.3%) developed radiographic PTOA. A total of 763 (49.4%) patients underwent AM ACLR. Of these patients, 166 (mean, 21.8%) went on to develop radiographic PTOA. The meta-analysis demonstrated a significantly greater rate of PTOA after ACLR using a TT technique compared with an AM technique overall (49.3% vs 25.4%, respectively; P < .001) and when studies were stratified by 5- to 10-year (53.7% vs 14.2%, respectively; P < .001) and greater than 10-year (45.6% vs 31.2%, respectively; P < .0001) follow-up.

Conclusion:

TT ACLR was associated with higher overall rates of radiographic PTOA compared with the AM ACLR approach. The rates of radiographic PTOA after ACLR with a TT approach were also significantly higher than using an AM approach when stratified by length of follow-up (5- to 10-year and >10-year follow-up).
Populism and Memory: Legislation of the Past in Poland, Ukraine, and Russia
Authors: Koposov Nikolay
Published: March 2021

This article belongs to the special cluster “Here to Stay: The Politics of History in Eastern Europe”, guest-edited by Félix Krawatzek & George Soroka.

The rise of historical memory, which began in the 1970s and 1980s, has made the past an increasingly important soft-power resource. At its initial stage, the rise of memory contributed to the decay of self-congratulatory national narratives and to the formation of a “cosmopolitan” memory centered on the Holocaust and other crimes against humanity and informed by the notion of state repentance for the wrongdoings of the past. Laws criminalizing the denial of these crimes, which were adopted in “old” continental democracies in the 1980s and 1990s, were a characteristic expression of this democratic culture of memory. However, with the rise of national populism and the formation of the authoritarian or semi-authoritarian regimes in Russia, Turkey, Hungary, and Poland in the 2000s and 2010s, the politics of memory has taken a significantly different turn. National populists are remarkably persistent in whitewashing their countries’ history and using it to promote nationalist mobilization. This process has manifested itself in the formation of new types of memory laws, which shift the blame for historical injustices to other countries (the 1998 Polish, the 2000 Czech, the 2010 Lithuanian, the June 2010 Hungarian, and the 2014 Latvian statutes) and, in some cases, openly protect the memory of the perpetrators of crimes against humanity (the 2005 Turkish, the 2014 Russian, the 2015 Ukrainian, the 2006 and the 2018 Polish enactments). The article examines Russian, Polish, and Ukrainian legislation regarding the past that demonstrates the current linkage between populism and memory.
Remembering a Contentious Past: Resistance and Collaboration in the Former Soviet Union
Authors: Krawatzek Félix
Published: March 2021

This article is part of the special cluster, “Here to Stay: The Politics of History in Eastern Europe”, guest-edited by Félix Krawatzek & George Soroka.

The Western outskirts of the former Soviet Union suffered huge levels of destruction during World War II. It is for this reason that the memories of the war in countries such as Belarus and the Baltics have centered on the local opposition to the Nazi occupiers in an attempt to bring societies together after the war. This article compares how Latvia and Belarus have represented their involvement in World War II over time and undertakes an analysis of how young people today perceive of this aspect of their country’s history. Of particular interest is the extent to which young people are prepared to admit the existence of collaboration and whether a persona of moral authority is able to shift how young people assess the need for critical engagement with history. To that end, the study relies on an original survey generated in early 2019, which also enquired into questions related to historical memory. I argue that young Belarusians are, on average, more prepared to acknowledge collaboration than young people in Latvia and that the involvement of a moral authority shifts assessments of history in a decisive way in Belarus only. The results for Latvia stress in particular the persistent divide relating to the country’s two linguistic communities.
Circulation, Conditions, Claims: Examining the Politics of Historical Memory in Eastern Europe
Authors: Krawatzek Félix , Soroka George
Published: March 2021

Across Eastern Europe how the past is remembered has become a crucial factor for understanding present-day political developments within and between states. In this introduction, we first present the articles that form part of this special section through a discussion of the various methods used by the authors to demonstrate the potential ways into studying collective memory. We then define the regional characteristics of Eastern Europe’s mnemonic politics and the reasons for their oftentimes conflictual character. Thereafter we consider three thematic arenas that situate the individual contributions to this special section within the wider scholarly debate. First, we examine the institutional and structural conditions that shape the circulation of memory and lead to conflictive constellations of remembering; second, we discuss how different regime types and cultural rules influence the framing of historical episodes, paying attention to supranational integration and the role of technological change; third, we consider the different types of actors that shape the present recall of the past, including political elites, social movements, and society at large. We conclude by identifying several promising avenues for further research.
Economic Inactivity, Not in Employment, Education or Training (NEET) and Scarring: The Importance of NEET as a Marker of Long-Term Disadvantage
Authors: Ralston Kevin , Everington Dawn , Feng Zhiqiang , Dibben Chris
Published: March 2021

The category of not in employment, education or training (NEET) refers to young people who are recorded as neither in paid employment nor formal education either at one time point, or for a continuous period. This article assesses levels of employment scarring for those aged 36–39, at Census 2011 (prime employment years) who were recorded as NEET when aged 16–19 at Census 1991 in Scotland. Outcomes are compared for those who moved from NEET into economic activity and by gender. We find evidence that NEET status leads to long-term scarring associated with economic inactivity and unemployment and that this is only partially offset for those who moved from NEET in 1991 to be economically active in 2001. The results also highlight gendering of NEET outcomes. NEET may be a category borne of administrative convenience, rather than sociological consistency but, as intended, it captures a group who experience disadvantage.
Development of a design based remanufacturability index for automobile systems
Authors: James Ajith Tom , Kumar Girish , Arora Aavriti , Padhi Shrey
Published: March 2021

The growing concern over environmental protection is prompting automobile manufacturers to develop products with better End-of-Life performance. Product remanufacturability is considered as an End-of-Life performance booster. Remanufacturability, that is, the easiness for remanufacturing of products depends on the technical, environmental, and economic feasibilities. The technical feasibility depends on the product design attributes that support remanufacturability. These design attributes are comprised of several sub-attributes. Moreover, the attributes are interrelated with each other. This paper develops a remanufacturability index for automobile systems based on the design attributes that affect the remanufacturability. A structural methodology of graph theory and matrix approach is applied for developing the remanufacturability index. The design attributes and their interrelations with due consideration of their structure is modelled through the graph theory. The remanufacturability directed graph (digraph) is defined; the nodes of this represent the remanufacturability enhancing design attributes, while the edges represent their degrees of interrelationships. The equivalent matrix of the digraph forms a remanufacturability function which leads to the evaluation of remanufacturability index. A higher value of the remanufacturability index indicates that the automobile system has high potential for being remanufactured. The methodology can be applied during the design stage of automobile systems to evaluate the remanufacturability that will enhance the End-of-Life performance. The observations would be helpful to automobile system designers in determining the extent to which the system can be remanufactured and in identifying the specific attributes that can be improved to enhance remanufacturability.
A review on the interfaces of orbital replacement unit: Great efforts for modular spacecraft
Authors: Ren Jie , Kong Ning , Zhuang Yuan , Zhang Jie , Ma Shuai , Wang Bo , Liu Wei
Published: March 2021

Over the past decades, the development of single spacecraft for outer space exploration requires more complicated design and higher investment. From the modular design ideas of the International Space Station on-orbit service, an interface design for orbital replacement unit (ORU) provides a path to develop modular spacecraft with reduction of design period and cost for satellites. A review on the ORU interfaces has been made in order to summarize the development of grabbing interfaces, mechanical docking interfaces, and multifunctional docking interfaces of ORUs in the recent 30 years. The interface parameters for both grabbing and mechanical docking processes have been summarized and compared based on the design features of ORUs. The characteristics of mechanical, power, data, thermal flow, and fluid interfaces of the ORUs are discussed as well. The future direction, challenges, and applications of the ORU interfaces have been investigated, and advanced technologies such as target recognition and precise measurement and control are suggested for the development of autonomous and intelligent interfaces. This work provides fundamental knowledge and guidelines for the development of ORU interfaces.
HIV and associated factors among female sex workers in Tajikistan: Analysis from a national bio-behavioral survey
Authors: Alaei Arash , Bromberg Daniel J , Tate Mary M , Karimov Saifuddin , Saidi Dilshod , Alaei Kamiar
Published: March 2021

Tajikistan, a country of approximately nine million people, has a relatively small but quickly growing HIV epidemic. No peer-reviewed study has assessed factors associated with HIV, or associated risk factors, among female sex workers (FSWs) in Tajikistan. The purpose of the current study is to elucidate the factors associated with HIV status and risk factors in the Tajikistani context and add to the scant literature on risk factors among FSWs in Tajikistan and Central Asia. We used cross-sectional data from an HIV bio-behavioral survey (BBS) conducted among FSWs in the Republic of Tajikistan ( n = 2174) in 2017. Using Respondent Driven Sampling Analysis Tool software, we calculated the prevalence of HIV, diagnosed cases, linkage to antiretroviral therapy (ART), and the prevalence of syphilis for FSWs in Tajikistan. Prevalence data were adjusted for network size and any clustering effects in the network. Further, using univariate and multivariable logistic regression, we determined correlates of HIV-positive status. Results were as follows: Of all FSWs in Tajikistan, 2.6% (95% CI: 1.7–3.8%) are HIV positive, 2.3% (95% CI: 1.4–3.5%) are diagnosed and aware of their status, and 2.0% (95% CI: 1.2–3.1%) are on ART. About 5.7% (95% CI: 4.5–7.4%) of FSWs in Tajikistan have ever had syphilis, and 0.8% (95% CI: 0.4–1.3%) have active syphilis infections. The epidemic of injection drug use was found to be strongly synergistic with HIV infection as having had sex with a person who injects drugs was shown to be strongly associated with HIV-positive status (OR: 5.2; 95% CI: 2.6–10.2) in the multivariable model. While this study estimates that HIV prevalence among Tajikistani FSWs is relatively low, it is likely an underestimated due to selection and social desirability biases. To curb the small, but potentially volatile, HIV epidemic among FSWs, the government should consider targeted testing and linkage-to-care efforts for FSWs who inject drugs or who have people who inject drugs partners. Services should also be prioritized in Gorno-Badakhshan, which has a higher number of FSWs per capita relative to other regions. Additionally, the link between HIV and experiences of stigma, violence, and discrimination against FSWs should motivate advocates to protect Tajikistani FSWs from these experiences.
LGBTQ+ youth: Careers threats and interventions
Authors: Chen Charles P. , Zhou Zimo
Published: March 2021

In an era of rapid development, the world is showing greater openness towards diversity and inclusiveness. There is also an increasing amount of career-related research that has shed light on the LGBTQ+ population. Still, the literature reports many career issues that concern young LGBTQ+ individuals. The current article aimed to highlight the contributing issues that might impact young LGBTQ+ groups’ career development, mental health, and well-being – in particular, the issues of workplace hostility, the costs of self-identity disclosure, self-identity confusion, and inadequate career counselling and guidance services. These issues are discussed through the lens of three major career theories: Super’s life-span, life-space theory, Gottfredson’s circumscription and compromise theory, and Krumboltz’s social learning theory. The aim was to equip career counsellors with a better understanding of the challenges facing LGBTQ+ youth and to suggest potentially useful interventions.
A proposal to leverage high-quality veterinary diagnostic laboratory large data streams for animal health, public health, and One Health
Authors: Carter Craig N. , Smith Jacqueline L.
Published: March 2021

Test data generated by ~60 accredited member laboratories of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians (AAVLD) is of exceptional quality. These data are captured by 1 of 13 laboratory information management systems (LIMSs) developed specifically for veterinary diagnostic laboratories (VDLs). Beginning ~2000, the National Animal Health Laboratory Network (NAHLN) developed an electronic messaging system for LIMS to automatically send standardized data streams for 14 select agents to a national repository. This messaging enables the U.S. Department of Agriculture to track and respond to high-consequence animal disease outbreaks such as highly pathogenic avian influenza. Because of the lack of standardized data collection in the LIMSs used at VDLs, there is, to date, no means of summarizing VDL large data streams for multi-state and national animal health studies or for providing near-real-time tracking for hundreds of other important animal diseases in the United States that are detected routinely by VDLs. Further, VDLs are the only state and federal resources that can provide early detection and identification of endemic and emerging zoonotic diseases. Zoonotic diseases are estimated to be responsible for 2.5 billion cases of human illness and 2.7 million deaths worldwide every year. The economic and health impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is self-evident. We review here the history and progress of data management in VDLs and discuss ways of seizing unexplored opportunities to advance data leveraging to better serve animal health, public health, and One Health.
The Antecedents and Consequences of Local Product-Ethnicity Perception—A Study of an Asian Advanced Emerging Market
Authors: Fong Cher-Min , Chang Hsing-Hua Stella , Wang Hui-Wen
Published: March 2021

Although local product ethnicity (local PE) can serve as a key factor in explaining home country biases in local product superiority, this construct has been ignored since it was introduced. To address this limitation, this article proposes a four-phase research model (identifying consumer characteristics, constructing product category schema, categorizing local PE, and evaluating local vs. foreign products) to examine the antecedents and consequences of local PE in an Asian advanced emerging market, which is argued to be a more appropriate context (e.g., more evenly distributed local PE and nonlocal PE categories and coexistence of local and Western product superiority) than developed countries or less-developed emerging markets for this study. Regarding antecedents, the authors identify factors related to consumers’ experiences, information searching, and cognitive bases that can affect their construction of structured knowledge (schemas) about local products within particular categories. Specifically, local embeddedness of product categories is introduced to capture consumer knowledge about strong connotations stereotypically linking the local country to particular categories. As for consequences, the authors compare consumer evaluations of local versus developed-country products/services between local PE and nonlocal PE categories. Four surveys were conducted to empirically examine the model of local PE. The results support the hypotheses.
NITRATE-CIN Study: Protocol of a Randomized (1:1) Single-Center, UK, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial Testing the Effect of Inorganic Nitrate on Contrast-Induced Nephropathy in Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography for Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Beirne Anne-Marie , Mitchelmore Oliver , Palma Susana , Andiapen Mervyn , Rathod Krishnaraj S. , Hammond Victoria , Bellin Anna , Cooper Jackie , Wright Paul , Antoniou Sotiris , Yaqoob Muhammad Magdi , Naci Huseyin , Mathur Anthony , Ahluwalia Amrita , Jones Daniel A.
Published: March 2021

Background:

Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN), an acute kidney injury resulting from the administration of intravascular iodinated contrast media, is a significant cause of morbidity/mortality following coronary angiographic procedures in high-risk patients. Despite preventative measures intended to mitigate the risk of CIN, there remains a need for novel effective treatments. Evidence suggests that delivery of nitric oxide (NO) through chemical reduction of inorganic nitrate to NO may offer a novel therapeutic strategy to reduce CIN and thus preserve long term renal function.

Design:

The NITRATE-CIN trial is a single-center, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial, which plans to recruit 640 patients presenting with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) who are at risk of CIN. Patients will be randomized to either inorganic nitrate therapy (capsules containing 12 mmol KNO3) or placebo capsules containing potassium chloride (KCl) daily for 5 days. The primary endpoint is development of CIN using the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. A key secondary endpoint is renal function over a 3-month follow-up period. Additional secondary endpoints include serum renal biomarkers (e.g. neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin) at 6 h, 48 h and 3 months following administration of contrast. Cost-effectiveness of inorganic nitrate therapy will also be evaluated.

This study is designed to investigate the hypothesis that inorganic nitrate treatment decreases the rate of CIN as part of semi-emergent coronary angiography for ACS. Inorganic nitrate is a simple and easy to administer intervention that may prove useful in prevention of CIN in at-risk patients undergoing coronary angiographic procedures.
Motor “freezing” with oxaliplatin
Authors: Patel Monica A , McDevitt Rachel L , Sassack Will , Zalupski Mark M
Published: March 2021

Introduction

We report the case of a patient who experienced severe neurological symptoms collectively characterized as being “frozen” following a second oxaliplatin infusion.

Case report

A 52-year-old woman with metastatic colon cancer developed severe motor slowing, delayed and incomplete grip and dorsiflexion, speech difficulty, visual impairment, leg cramping and tingling after her second infusion of oxaliplatin. She was transferred from the infusion center to the emergency room and admitted to the hospital for further evaluation. Motor, verbal, and ocular symptoms gradually resolved within 24 hours, and she was discharged home without sequela. Management and outcome: Oxaliplatin dose was subsequently lowered and infusion time increased, and she tolerated future treatments without motor, verbal, or ocular disturbance.

Discussion

In this case report, we describe a rare form of neurological toxicity involving severe motor slowing, slurred speech, and blurry vision secondary to oxaliplatin.
ECG-guided PICC insertion using a new silicon catheter with a conductive tip: A retrospective clinical study
Authors: Yin Yu-Xia , Gao Wei , Feng Sheng-Yu , Wang Deng-Xu , Wan Min , Liu Cheng-Hu , Wang Lu-Ning , Cao Ming-Kun , Zhang Hai-Jun
Published: March 2021

Objective:

Safety and efficacy of ECG-guided PICC insertion using a new silicon catheter with a conductive tip was evaluated in daily practice.

Methods:

A retrospective study was conducted on 1659 patients who accepted successful tip-conductive PICC placement and clinically followed-up until the catheter removal between January 2018 and April 2019. Baseline of patient characteristics, catheter placement characteristics, date of dressing changes as well as records of catheter-related complications were extracted from a special designed mobile APP.

Results:

The first-attempt success (success of placing catheter tip to the ideal position by primary indwelling operation) rate of PICC placement was 99.3%. The average duration of PICC placement was 128.7 ± 39.5 days and 1535 patients (92.5%) reached the therapy end-point without any complications and removed the catheter normally. The cumulative rates of total complications were 7.5%, including exit site infection (2.5%), phlebitis (0.9%), DVT (1.0%), catheter malposition (1.1%), catheter breakage (0.1%), and liquid extravasation (1.8%). In multivariable logistic regression analyses, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, lung cancer, stomach cancer, and lymphoma were significantly associated with increased risk of complications, as the independent risk factors.

Conclusions:

This retrospective clinical study demonstrates that ECG-guided insertion of a new tip-conductive PICC is associated with a high rate of first-attempt success and low rate of catheter related complications.
The flexible impact of member affect in groups performing complex decision-making tasks
Authors: Yoon Young-Jae , Larson James R. , Huntsinger Jeffrey R.
Published: March 2021

Positive and negative affect are often thought to influence the quality of group decision-making by prompting different cognitive processing styles: a less effortful heuristic style in the case of positive affect, and a more detail-oriented systematic style in the case of negative affect, with the latter yielding better group decisions than the former. By contrast, we argue that rather than prompting a specific cognitive processing style, positive affect encourages the maintenance of whatever style is currently in use, while negative affect encourages a change in style. Consequently, both positive and negative affect can result in either better or worse group decisions, depending on which cognitive processing style was at play just prior to the affect’s arousal. To test this idea, we conducted three experiments, and found that when heuristic processing was initially primed, subsequently inducing a sad mood resulted in better decisions by both individuals and groups than did subsequently inducing a happy mood. The reverse occurred when systematic processing was initially primed. In groups, these effects were mediated by the relative focus, during group discussion, on critical decision-relevant information. Implications of these findings and future directions for research are discussed.
Pluriversal planning scholarship: Embracing multiplicity and situated knowledges in community-based approaches
Authors: Vasudevan Raksha , Novoa E. Magdalena
Published: March 2021

In recent years, emerging work from the “southern” and “south/eastern” contexts has widened the theoretical discussion and the geographical focus of the contemporary planning debate. Inspired by Arturo Escobar’s notion of the “Pluriverse,” this article proposes a “pluriversal planning scholarship,” to articulate the theoretical and community-based contributions of an evolving stream of planning research that embraces multiplicity, coexistence, and critical thinking. Through a review of over 300 publications in top planning journals, we suggest that pluriversal scholars engage in creative methodologies to do community-based work. They contribute to extending planning theory by drawing from other fields, such as Black feminism, decolonial thought, and Indigenous studies to highlight the everyday experiences and resistances of residents despite a state that is failing them. Additionally, they actively contribute to community-based work through reciprocal theory development with community members, capacity building, and visibilizing residents’ stories when appropriate.
Rationality revisited: Politicisation through planning rationality against the rationality of power
Authors: Özdemir Esin
Published: March 2021

In this article, I readdress the issue of rationality, which has been so far considered in western liberal democracies and in planning theory as procedural, and more recently as post-political in the post-foundational approach, aiming to show how it can gain a substantive and politicising character. I first discuss the problems and limits of the treatment of rational thinking as well as rational consensus-seeking as merely procedural and post-political. Secondly, utilising the notion of Realrationalität of Flyvbjerg, I discuss how rationality attains a politicising role due to its strong relationship with power. Using the concept of planning rationality aiming at public interest, I present the general position and actions of professional organisations in Turkey, focusing on the Chamber of City Planners, as an example illustrative of my argument. I finally argue that rationality becomes a substantive issue that politicizes planning, when it is put forward as an alternative to authoritarian market logic. In doing so, I adopt the Rancièrian definition of the political, defined as disclosure of a wrong and staging of equality. In conclusion, I first emphasize the importance of avoiding quick rejections of the concepts of rationality and consensus in the framework of planning activity and planning theory and secondly, call for a broader definition of the political; the political that is not confined to conflict but is open to rational thinking and rational consensus.
Engineered collagen-binding bone morphogenetic protein-2 incorporated with platelet-rich plasma accelerates lumbar fusion in aged rats with osteopenia
Authors: Zhu Weiguo , Kong Chao , Pan Fumin , Ouyang Miao , Sun Kang , Lu Shibao
Published: March 2021

In aged individuals, osteopenia is a great concern for achieving solid spinal fusion. Spinal malunion could lead to various implant-related complications and reduce postoperative quality of life. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of collagen-binding bone morphogenetic protein-2 (CBD-BMP-2) on the treatment of lumbar inter-transverse defects and to explore whether platelet-rich plasma could help CBD-BMP-2 to achieve a better outcome in terms of osteogenesis in senile rats with osteopenia. In vitro experiment proved the angiogenic function of platelet-rich plasma and osteogenic effect of CBD-BMP-2. Rats were performed posterolateral lumbar inter-transverse fusion. Rats implanted with CBD-BMP-2 + platelet-rich plasma were assigned to Group A ( n = 20), rats implanted with CBD-BMP-2 were assigned to Group B ( n = 20), and those with platelet-rich plasma were assigned to Group C ( n = 20). Four weeks after implantation, radiographic assessment, manual palpation, and histological evaluation were performed. In vivo experiments showed satisfactory therapeutic effect on lumbar inter-transverse fusion in both Groups A and B and better results of bone microarchitecture in Group A. Solid fusion rate was 77.8% in Group A, 66.7% in Group B, and 0% in Group C ( P < 0.001). Our study indicated that CBD-BMP-2 could effectively facilitate the lumbar inter-transverse fusion in aged rats with osteopenia and platelet-rich plasma could help CBD-BMP-2 to enhance the bone healing of vertebral defects.
Arbutin ameliorates glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis through activating autophagy in osteoblasts
Authors: Zhang Yiqi , Li Mingyang , Liu Ziyun , Fu Qin
Published: March 2021

Chronic long-term glucocorticoid use causes osteoporosis partly by interrupting osteoblast homeostasis and exacerbating bone loss. Arbutin, a natural hydroquinone glycoside, has been reported to have biological activities related to the differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. However, the role and underlying mechanism of arbutin in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis are elusive. In this study, we demonstrated that arbutin administration ameliorated osteoporotic disorders in glucocorticoid dexamethasone (Dex)-induced mouse model, including attenuating the loss of bone mass and trabecular microstructure, promoting bone formation, suppressing bone resorption, and activating autophagy in bone tissues. Furthermore, Dex-stimulated mouse osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells were treated with arbutin. Arbutin treatment rescued Dex-induced repression of osteoblast differentiation and mineralization, the downregulation of osteogenic gene expression, reduced autophagic marker expression, and decreased autophagic puncta formation. The application of autophagy inhibitor 3-MA decreased autophagy, differentiation, and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells triggered by arbutin. Taken together, our findings suggest that arbutin treatment fends off glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, partly through promoting differentiation and mineralization of osteoblasts by autophagy activation.
Defining breast cancer awareness and identifying barriers to breast cancer awareness for women with an intellectual disability: A review of the literature
Authors: Walsh Susan , O’Mahony Mairin , Hegarty Josephine , Farrell Dawn , Taggart Laurence , Kelly Louise , Sahm Laura , Corrigan Maria , Caples Maria , Martin Anne-Marie , Tabirca Sabin , Corrigan Mark A. , Lehane Elaine
Published: March 2021

Introduction:

Incidence rates for developing breast cancer are similar for women regardless of intellectual ability. However, women with an intellectual disability present with advanced breast cancers, which often have a poor prognosis.

Method:

A structured narrative review of the literature was performed to explore the concepts of breast awareness and breast cancer awareness and subsequently, identify barriers to breast cancer awareness encountered by women with an intellectual disability.

Results:

A total of 22 studies involving people with varying levels of intellectual disability informed this review. The barriers to breast cancer awareness encountered by women with an intellectual disability include: lack of their understanding, the role of the carer and literacy issues.

Conclusion:

Identifying the barriers to breast cancer awareness for women with an intellectual disability will help to facilitate breast cancer awareness which has the potential to result in better long-term outcomes through an early diagnosis of breast cancer.
Strengthening the EU’s resilience to hybrid threats
Authors: Kalniete Sandra , Pildegovičs Tomass
Published: March 2021

Against the backdrop of the deterioration of EU–Russia relations in recent years, there has been a shift in the awareness of hybrid threats all across the Union. At the same time, there is evidence of a growing political will to strengthen resilience to these threats. While hostile foreign actors have long deployed hybrid methods to target Europe, Russia’s intervention in Ukraine in 2014, interference in the 2016 US presidential election, and repeated cyber-attacks and disinformation campaigns aimed at EU member states have marked a turning point, exposing Western countries’ unpreparedness and vulnerability to these threats. This article analyses the EU’s resilience to hybrid warfare from institutional, regulatory and societal perspectives, with a particular focus on the information space. By drawing on case studies from member states historically at the forefront of resisting and countering Russian-backed disinformation campaigns, this article outlines the case for a whole-of-society approach to countering hybrid threats and underscores the need for EU leadership in a standard-setting capacity.
Pitching at the Fuzzy Front-End: Authentically Assessing New Product Development
Authors: Green Teegan , Weerawardena Jay
Published: March 2021

Managing the “fuzzy front-end” (FFE) of new product development (NPD) is critical for NPD success. To simulate this reality, we tasked self-selecting undergraduate teams of four to six students with developing a substantially innovative new product concept. Integrating Vygotskian and Piagetian perspectives on social constructivism and experiential learning, we designed an authentic assessment pushing students into the FFE of NPD, featuring a live pitch to an expert industry panel. Pre-and-post survey results suggest students prefer authentic assessment infused with real-world learning experiences such as the pitch. Encouragingly, students perceived less usefulness over time for animate (e.g., teaching staff) and inanimate (e.g., textbooks) resources, indicating increased reliance on oneself post-assessment. Qualitative characteristics noted by students were group work, academic success, and the degree of challenge. Our approach is relevant for educators seeking to infuse their teaching—and enthuse students—with authentic assessment, addressing limitations of teacher-centered andragogy.
Forensic Pluralism and the Dead Body in Early 20th-Century China
Authors: Asen Daniel
Published: March 2021

Modern forensic medicine was introduced into China during the first decades of the 20th century. The members of China’s first generation of medicolegal experts were soon advocating that medical expertise play a greater role in police and judicial officials’ investigations of suspicious death and homicide cases. While forensic reform in China had parallels with developments in other contemporary societies in which physicians were pushing for a greater role in the law, this process unfolded in China in unique ways, against the backdrop of an older tradition of forensic science that had developed under the Qing dynasty (1644-1911). Central to this tradition was the Records on the Washing Away of Wrongs, a handbook of forensic practice that was written in the 13th century and saw numerous editions and expansions over subsequent centuries. Death investigation in early 20th-century China was defined by “forensic pluralism,” a situation in which the different body examination methods and standards of forensic proof associated with the Washing Away of Wrongs and modern forensic medicine were both accepted by officialdom and society. This article untangles the complexities of forensic practice during this period through the rather unexceptional exchange over a case of suspected drowning that occurred between local officials in Hebei province and Lin Ji (1897-1951), director of the Beiping University Medical School Institute of Legal Medicine. This case reveals the different regimes of forensic knowledge and practice that were used in China during this period as well as the sites at which they interacted.