bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of Zoledronic Acid in Patients with Prostate Cancer Bone Metastases: Control of pain and Musculoskeletal Complications
Authors: Paparella Stefano , Finkelberg Elisabetta , Varisco Daniela , Tondelli Elena , Rocco Francesco
Published: December 2011

Background

Patients suffering from prostatic carcinoma are at high risk of having bone complications because of the metastatic progression of the disease to the skeleton and the consequences of androgenic deprivation. Zoledronic acid is a potent inhibitor of the bone resorption mediated by the osteoclasts, and is the only bisphosphonate whose capacity of reducing significantly the skeleton morbidity in patients with bone metastases is statistically proved.

Methods

TO attest tolerability and efficacy of zoledronic acid in preventing unfavorable skeletal events and in reducing osteomuscular pain, 25 patients - aged 75 years, suffering from hormone-responsive prostatic carcinoma under hormonal therapy with bone metastases, have been followed and subjected to IV monthly infusion of 4 mg zoledronic acid for 12 consecutive months, associated to daily intake of calcium and multivitamin supplementations.

Results

At the end of the study, a sensible improvement in their clinical conditions and in their perception of the pain has been recorded in 23 patients and valued through a set of questions (Brief Pain Inventory).

Conclusions

Zoledronic acid is therefore confirmed to be an effective medicine in preventing the skeleton complications and in controlling the painful symptoms in patients suffering from prostatic carcinoma with bone metastases.
Brain Metastases from Ovarian Carcinoma
Authors: Piura Ettie , Piura Benjamin
Published: December 2011

This paper will focus on knowledge related to brain metastases from ovarian carcinoma. So far, less than 600 cases were documented in the literature with an incidence among ovarian carcinoma patients ranging from 0.29% to 11.6%. The ovarian carcinoma was usually an advanced-stage epithelial serous carcinoma, and the median interval between diagnosis of ovarian carcinoma and brain metastases was 2 years. Most often, brain metastases, affected the cerebrum, were multiple and part of a disseminated disease. Treatment of brain metastasis has evolved over the years from whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) only to multimodal therapy including surgical resection or stereotactic radiosurgery followed by WBRT and/or chemotherapy. The median survival after diagnosis of brain metastases was 6 months; nevertheless, a significantly better survival was achieved with multimodal therapy compared to WBRT only. It is suggested that brain imaging studies should be included in the followup of patients after treatment for ovarian carcinoma.
Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome in Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
Authors: Bonetti V. , Mangia C. M. F. , Zuza J. M. F. , Barcelos M. O. , Fonseca M. M. S. , Nery S. P. , Carvalhaes J. T. A. , Andrade M. C.
Published: December 2011

Purpose. To analyze the epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) in Uberlandia, MG, Brazil. Methods. A historical cohort study was performed encompassing a ten-year period from January 1994 to January 2004 in the Department of Pediatric Nephrology at a full-service hospital; demographic factors, triggering factors, time of hospitalization, supportive therapy, and disease progression were analyzed. Results. Twenty-seven children aged 5 to 99 months (median age of 14 months) were studied; 70.4% were male. Of the 27 patients, 77.8% were from urban areas and 18.5% were from rural areas. Eight of the patients (29.6%) were reported to drink raw milk, and clinical diarrhea was reported in 81.5% of cases. The most common signs and symptoms were fever and vomiting (85.1%), anuria (63.0%), seizure (33.0%), cardiac involvement (11.0%), and acute pulmonary edema (7.4%). Dialysis was performed on 20 patients (74%). The mean hospital stay was 24 days (range: 13 to 36 days). While monitoring the patients, 2 died (7.4%), 3 developed chronic kidney disease (11.0%), and 21 (77.8%) developed hypertension.
Conclusion. Our results emphasize the possibility of diagnosing HUS as a cause of renal failure in childhood in both typical (postdiarrheal) and atypical forms and suggest that an investigation of the etiological agent should be made whenever possible.
Changing Patterns in the Clinical Pathological Features of Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Report from Debrecen, Hungary
Authors: Miltényi Zsófia , Simon Zsófia , Páyer Edit , Váróczy László , Gergely Lajos , Jóna Ádám , Illés Árpád
Published: December 2011

Introduction. Hodgkin lymphoma shows a well-known geographic pattern, but temporal changes have been found recently as well.
Patients and Methods. 439 Hodgkin lymphoma patients' clinicopathological and treatment data were processed in calendar periods of approximately ten years. The patients were treated at our department from 1980 until the end of 2008.
Results. The first period (1980–89) contained 177 patients, the second (1990–99) 147, and the third (2000–08) 115 Hodgkin lymphoma patients. The mean age of the patients was 40.1, 35.9, and 36.8 years in order. The male/female ratio: 1.42, 1.45, 1.05 in order. Contrary-wise a unimodal age group pattern could have been seen with an incidence peak between 30 and 39 in the past decades. The incidence of classical mixed cellularity histological subtype is decreasing (43.7%, 58.23%, 42.6%, P=0.0098 (it is only significant in the second period)); classical nodular sclerosis shows an increasing tendency (25%, 27.32%, 34.78%, P=0.1734). The first incidence peak is predominantly created by classical nodular sclerosis, meanwhile the second peak by classical mixed cellularity. The number of early-stage patients (59.12%) is beyond the advanced stage (40%) in the last decade. Meanwhile, the number of second-stage patients was increasing (25.8%, 26.35%, 49.56%  P<0.0001) and of patients in third stage was decreasing (53.4 %, 50.67%, 20%  P<0.0001). The 5- and 10-year overall survival data were progressing: 59.7 %, 77.4 %, and 90.5 % and 44.1 %, 70.6 % and 90.5 % (expected survival) in the last decade.
Conclusions. Changes can be explained by the altered nature of Hodgkin lymphoma, the changes in socioeconomic status and the development of diagnostic and therapy methods.
Factors Affecting Pre-service TESOL Teachers’ Attitudes towards Using CD-ROM Dictionary
Authors: Issa Jinan Hatem , Jamil Hazri
Published: December 2011

Rapid technological advances in communication technologies and computational power are altering the nature ofknowledge, skills, talents and the know-how of individuals. A CD-ROM dictionary is an interesting and effectiveteaching tool, which captures pre-service teachers’ interest and does much more than just translates especially withthe availability of a variety of resources to support language learning and teaching. This research reports on thestudy undertaken to determine whether some factors (gender and year of study) affect pre-service TESOL teachers’attitudes towards using CD-ROM dictionaries. The theoretical framework for the study is drawn from Diffusion ofinnovations’ theory by Rogers (1995) and TAM model by Davis (1986; 1989). A modified questionnaire isemployed to obtain the necessary information on pre-service TESOL teachers’ backgrounds, their attitudes towardsusing CD-ROM dictionaries, and certain factors. A total of (80) pre-service TESOL teacher at a Malaysian highereducational institution was purposively selected for the quantitative data. The findings exhibit that the respondents’gender does not affect their attitudes towards using CD-ROM dictionaries. However, a significant difference isrevealed, through employing one-way analysis of group variance (ANOVA), in the mean scores of pre-serviceTESOL teachers’ attitudes among the first, second and third year. Finally, it is concluded that the CD-ROMdictionary is a way of encoding all relevant information associated with lexical entries in a manner easily accessibleto users.
Establishment of Textbook Information Management System Based on Active Server Page
Authors: Geng Lihua
Published: December 2011

In the process of textbook management of universities, the flow of storage, collection and check of textbook is quitecomplicated and daily management flow and system also seriously constrains the efficiency of the managementprocess. Thus, in order to combine the information management model and the traditional management model, it is necessary to set up a textbook information management system with the platform of information technology.This article mainly introduces how to employ the B/S system structure, use the Active Server Page (ASP)technology, set up textbook information management system of universities by taking SQL SERVER 2000 as thebackground database, set up a variety of functional modules according to different roles in the textbook management,enable textbook management to employ the networked management model and realize high efficiency of textbookinformation management.
Organizational Political Tactics in Universities
Authors: Nejad Bahareh Azizi , Abbaszadeh Mir Mohammad Seiied , Hassani Mohammad
Published: December 2011

The present research aimed to promote understanding of political tactics in organizations. Political behavior innowadays-complex conditions is a process that the conflicts, contrasts and differences among interested groups areresolved. It means dialogue, attention to different goals in organizations, regarding the interest of different groups,attraction of staff cooperation, and acquisition of the worker’s support in management decisions, therefore technicaland organizational wisdom are not sufficient. Managers along the development of organizations need to havepolitical wisdom. In this study we surveyed political tactics perceptions of 1263 academic faculty members in WestAzarbaijan State Universities. The research method was a descriptive-survey. Among these academic members, 376individuals were chosen randomly as research sample. Questionnaire of ‘political tactics’ (r= 0.9) was used to collectdata. The data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics as well as t-test, MANOVA, andFreidman test. Research findings showed that there were significant differences between academic degrees of theacademic faculty members and political tactics used in the universities, whereas there was no any differencebetween gender of faculty members and political tactics. The survey revealed that the perceptions of political tacticsamong faculty members were different in West Azarbaijan State Universities; therefore, some practical suggestionsare recommended.
Towards Improved Teaching Effectiveness in Nigerian Public Universities: Instrument Design and Validation
Authors: Archibong Ijeoma Aniedi , Nja Mbe Egom
Published: December 2011

This research is conducted to examine what is currently evaluated with respect to teaching in Nigerian publicuniversities and to produce instruments that would be useful for examining the course and teaching effectiveness ofcourse lecturers. Telephone interview of ten (10) professors in ten public Nigerian Universities is used to elicitinformation on the current state of evaluation of teaching while a document analysis reveals the concerns ofNational Universities Commission with lecturers during programme accreditation. Finding indicates that teachingeffectiveness is grossly ignored in the lecturer appraisal process. An 18 item questionnaire and another 15 itemquestionnaire measuring teaching and course effectiveness respectively is constructed. After a test retest procedureusing four lecturers and four courses, the instruments yielded a reliability coefficient ranging from -0.568 to 0.591for lecturers and 0.548 to 0.944 for the courses. The correlation coefficient values clearly reveal that the courseevaluation and lecturers’ evaluation forms were adequate to generate information on the course and lecturereffectiveness. It is therefore recommended, among other things that the National Universities Commission (NUC) asa regulatory body should make the evaluation of teaching a mandatory policy for all universities.
Brief Analysis of Application of Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) in Graduation Exams of Clinical Medical Students
Authors: Du Yihua , Yu Ke , Li Xiaohong , Wang Feng , Wang Tingting
Published: December 2011

This article gives a brief introduction to the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) and analyzesdevelopmental progress of OSCE at both home and abroad and standardized patients’ application in OSCE. Also,this article expounds application of OSCE in graduation exam of clinical medical students. Finally, this articlesummarizes pre-exam preparation work and flow of OSCE exam in Affiliated Hospital of Clinical Medical School,analyzes OSCE and puts forward suggestions to improve OSCE.
Assessing Teaching Readiness of University Students in Cross River State, Nigeria: Implications for Managing Teacher Education Reforms
Authors: Akuegwu B. A. , Edet (MRS) A. O. , Uchendu (MRS) C. C. , Ekpoh (MRS) U. I.
Published: December 2011

This ex-post-facto designed study was geared towards assessing the readiness of would-be teachers in universities inCross River State for the teaching profession, and how reforms can be managed to strengthen this. Three hypotheseswere isolated to give direction to this investigation. 200 students from the two universities in the state constituted thesample drawn from a population of 1684 graduating education students. Data were generated using “Students’Teaching Readiness Questionnaire (S.T.R.Q.)”. Population t-test and Independent t-test statistical techniques wereused to analyze data collected. Results disclosed that teaching readiness of university education students issignificantly low in terms of possession of communication skills, interpersonal skills, ICT skills and entrepreneurialskills; gender influences teaching readiness of university education students in one hand and in the other, it does not;teaching readiness of university education students does not significantly differ on the basis of institution ofaffiliation. On the strength of these findings, implications for managing teacher education reforms were articulated.
Iodine: Radionuclides
Authors: Hu Qinhong , Moran Jean E.
Published: December 2011

This article provides a review of iodine with regard to the basic chemistry, occurrence, speciation, separation, analysis, fate, and transport. Biogeochemical cycling of iodine in the environment is complex because iodine occurs in multiple oxidation states (ranging from −1 to +7), and inorganic and organic species may be hydrophilic, atmophilic, and biophilic. Organically bound iodine can be a significant fraction of total iodine in the atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere. Nuclear‐fuel reprocessing facilities constitute the major source (>90%) of129I released to the environment. It has been recognized that129I is a very important dose contributor in risk assessment because of its tendency to concentrate in the human thyroid gland, long half‐life, and presumably high mobility. Speciation, input concentration, and residence time effects will influence the biogeochemical cycling of anthropogenic129I deposited on surface soils.
Bio‐electrospraying and Cell Electrospinning: Progress and Opportunities for Basic Biology and Clinical Sciences
Authors: Poncelet Denis , de Vos Paul , Suter Nicolai , Jayasinghe Suwan N.
Published: December 2011

Engineering of functional tissues is a fascinating and fertile arena of research and development. This flourishing enterprise weaves together many areas of research to tackle the most complex question faced to date, namely how to design and reconstruct a synthetic three‐dimensional fully functional tissue on demand. At present our healthcare is under threat by several social and economical issues together with those of a more scientific and clinical nature. One such issue arises from our increasing life expectancy, resulting in an ageing society. This steeply growing ageing society requires functional organotypic tissues on demand for repair, replacement, and rejuvenation (R3). Several approaches are pioneered and developed to assist conventional tissue/organ transplantation. In this Progress Report, “non‐contact jet‐based” approaches for engineering functional tissues are introduced and bio‐electrosprays and cell electrospinning, i.e., biotechniques that have demonstrated as being benign for directly handling living cells and whole organisms, are highlighted. These biotechniques possess the ability to directly handle heterogeneous cell populations as suspensions with a biopolymer and/or other micro/nanomaterials for directly forming three‐dimensional functional living reconstructs. These discoveries and developments have provided a promising biotechnology platform with far‐reaching ramifications for a wide range of applications in basic biological laboratories to their utility in the clinic.
Direct synthesis and melt‐drawing property of aramids by bulk polycondensation of isophthalic acid with m‐phenylenediamine and 3,4′‐oxydianiline
Authors: Higashihara Tomoya , Zhang Cenyao , Tsukuda Akimitsu , Ochi Takashi , Ueda Mitsuru
Published: December 2011

The direct polycondensation of isophthalic acid with a mixture of 1,3‐phenylenediamine (m‐PDA) and 3,4′‐diaminodiphenyl ether (3,4′‐ODA) could be successfully performed in the bulk to afford the expected co‐aramids for the first time. The co‐aramids with low molecular weights and 3,4′‐ODA contents higher than 50 mol% display excellent thermoplasticity and melt‐drawing property. Indeed, several meters long filaments with 12 μm diameter could be produced. In addition, the environmentally friendly method for the preparation of aramid materials as well as the demonstration of their filament formation will open up the new possibility to prepare aramid fibers. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
RAFT polymerization of N‐vinyl pyrrolidone using prop‐2‐ynyl morpholine‐4‐carbodithioate as a new chain transfer agent
Authors: Mishra Vivek , Kumar Rajesh
Published: December 2011

RAFT polymerization of N‐vinyl pyrrolidone (NVP) has been investigated in the presence of chain transfer agent (CTA), i.e., prop‐2‐ynyl morpholine‐4‐carbodithioate (PMDC). The influence of reaction parameters such as monomer concentration [NVP], molar ratio of [CTA]/[AIBN, i.e., 2,2′‐azobis (2‐methylpropionitrile)] and [NVP]/[CTA], and temperature have been studied with regard to time and conversion limit. This study evidences the parameters leading to an excellent control of molecular weight and molar mass dispersity. NVP has been polymerized by maintaining molar ratio [NVP]: [PMDC]: [AIBN] = 100 : 1 : 0.2. Kinetics of the reaction was strongly influenced by both temperature and [CTA]/[AIBN] ratio and to a lesser extent by monomer concentration. The activation energy (Ea = 31.02 kJ mol−1) and enthalpy of activation (ΔH‡= 28.29 kJ mol−1) was in a good agreement to each other. The negative entropy of activation (ΔS‡ = −210.16 J mol‐1K‐1) shows that the movement of reactants are highly restricted at transition state during polymerization. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Surgical response to the 2008 Mumbai terror attack
Authors: Bhandarwar A H , Bakhshi G D , Tayade M B , Borisa A D , Thadeshwar N R , Gandhi S S
Published: December 2011

Background

Mumbai, the financial capital of India, was attacked by terrorists at various famous, densely populated places on 26 November 2008. The attack lasted for 60 h, resulting in multiple civilian casualties from bullet and blast injuries. The aim was to review the disaster management plan and analyse the injury patterns and surgical response.

Methods

The disaster management plan was activated in the Sir Jamshetjee Jejeebhoy Group of Hospitals as soon as the earliest casualties were reported. The casualty receiving area was converted into a triage zone; patients were accordingly sent to different stations for further management. There was rotation of the duties of the medical personnel every 8 h for increased efficiency.

Results

A total of 271 casualties were encountered, of which 108 were dead at admission. Some 163 patients were triaged, 23 of whom received primary care as outpatients. The remaining 140 patients needed admission to hospital; 194 operations were performed in 127 patients. There were six postoperative deaths.

Conclusion

This was a unique terrorist attack targeted on civilians and continuing for more than 2 days. The casualties consisted of military injuries due to combined firearm and blast trauma. Primary triage, or onsite triage once the site is safe, optimizes management.
Hydrogel Photonic Sensor for the Detection of 3‐Pyridinecarboxamide
Authors: Yuan Yanxia , Li Zhiliang , Liu Yue , Gao Jianping , Pan Zeng , Liu Yu
Published: December 2011

Molecular imprinting is recognized as a powerful technique for preparing polymeric structures that contains tailor‐made recognition sites for certain molecules. By combining a responsive hydrogel photonic crystal and molecular imprinting of 3‐pyridinecarboxamide, polyacrylamide (PAM) imprinted photonic crystals (IPCs) with an inverse opal structure were prepared. They showed a rapid, recoverable, and selective response to 3‐pyridinecarboxamide, which was detected by measuring the diffraction peak. The position of the diffraction peak could be tuned by copolymerizing acrylamide (AM) with acrylic acid (AA), by changing the ratio of AM to AA, by adding N,N′‐methylene bisacrylamide to the monomers, or by imprinting molecules to monomers. More interestingly, the change in the Bragg diffraction of the IPCs can be directly converted into a readable optical signal that is visible to the naked eye without any labeling treatment.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Pressure Synthesis and Crystal Structure of the Lithium Borate HP‐LiB3O5.
Authors: Neumair Stephanie C. , Vanicek Stefan , Kaindl Reinhard , Toebbens Daniel M. , Wurst Klaus , Huppertz Hubert
Published: December 2011

The new title compound is prepared by high‐pressure reaction of Li2O and B2O3 in a modified Walker‐type apparatus (6 GPa, 1050 °C, 10 min).
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Magnetic Properties of BiFe0.75Mn0.25O3 Perovskite Prepared at Ambient and High Pressure.
Authors: Belik Alexei A. , Abakumov Artem M. , Tsirlin Alexander A. , Hadermann Joke , Kim Jungeun , Van Tandeloo Gustaaf , Takayama‐Muromachi Eiji
Published: December 2011

BiFe1‐xMnxO3 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.4) solid solutions are prepared from stoichiometric mixtures of Bi2O3, Fe2O3, and Mn2O3 at 1143 K for 2 h (ambient pressure samples), and at 6 GPa and 1400 K for 90 min (high pressure samples).
ChemInform Abstract: Two New Zincophosphates, (H3NCH2CH2NH3)2 [Zn(μ‐PO4)2] and (NH4)[(H3N)Zn{(μ‐PO4)Zn}3]: Crystal Structures and Relationships to Similar Open Framework Zinco‐ and Aluminophosphates.
Authors: Karanovic Ljiljana , Poleti Dejan , Dordevic Tamara , Sutovic Sabina
Published: December 2011

The crystal structures of (II) and (III) are determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Ternary Rare‐Earth Zinc Arsenides LnZn1‐xAs2 (Ln: La—Nd, Sm).
Authors: Stoyko Stanislav S. , Mar Arthur
Published: December 2011

The title compounds are prepared from the elements (800 °C, 336 h) and characterized by powder and single crystal XRD, magnetic susceptibility and electrical resistivity measurements, and TB‐LMTO band structure calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural and Magnetic Study of RFe0.5V0.5O3 (R: Y, Eu, Nd, La) Perovskite Compounds.
Authors: Gateshki M. , Suescun L. , Kolesnik S. , Mais J. , Dabrowski B.
Published: December 2011

The new title compounds are prepared by solid state reactions of Y2O3, Eu2O3, Nd2O3, La2O3, Fe2O3, and V2O3 (argon, 1623 K, several 12 h periods).
ChemInform Abstract: A New Organically‐Templated Cobalt Borophosphate with a Novel Borophosphatic Anionic Partial Structure.
Authors: Liu Wei , Guo Xiang‐Qin , Su Ge , Cao Li‐Xin , Wang Yong‐Gang , Duan Jing‐Rui
Published: December 2011

(NH4)2(C4H12N2) [Co2B4P6O14(OH)2] ·H2O is hydrothermally synthesized from a mixture of CoO, NH4HB4O7, piperazine, H3PO4, and H2O (autoclave, 473 K, 5 d).
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Phenyl‐4‐bis(methylthio)methyleneoxazol‐5‐one: Versatile Template for Diversity Oriented Synthesis of Heterocycles.
Authors: Amareshwar Vijayalaxmi , Mishra Nimesh C. , Ila Hiriyakkanavar
Published: December 2011

Depending on the reaction conditions different types of heterocycles, e.g. (IV), (V), (VIII), (IX), and (XIII) are obtained from the title compound (I).
ChemInform Abstract: An Unexpected Oxidation of Unactivated Methylene C—H Using DIB/TBHP Protocol.
Authors: Zhao Yi , Yim Wai‐Leung , Tan Chong Kiat , Yeung Ying‐Yeung
Published: December 2011

Under these conditions simple, efficient, and regioselective synthesis of various keto esters and keto amides is possible.
ChemInform Abstract: Cross‐Linked Poly(4‐vinylpyridine/styrene) Copolymer‐Supported Bismuth(III) Triflate: An Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst for Silylation of Alcohols and Phenols with HMDS.
Authors: Lee Sang‐Hyeup , Kadam Santosh T.
Published: December 2011

Various alcohols and phenols effectively undergo trimethylsilylation with hexamethyldisilazane (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Conversion of Acetals to Esters with High Regioselectivity via O,P‐Acetals.
Authors: Maegawa Tomohiro , Otake Kazuki , Goto Akihiro , Fujioka Hiromichi
Published: December 2011

If the reaction is conducted with Tms‐O‐Tf instead of Tes‐O‐Tf the regioselectivity decreases.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Diastereoselective and Enantioselective Synthesis of α‐Hydroxy β‐Amino Acid Derivatives: Lewis Base Catalyzed Hydrosilylation of α‐Acetoxy β‐Enamino Esters.
Authors: Jiang Yan , Chen Xing , Zheng Yongsheng , Xue Zhouyang , Shu Chang , Yuan Weicheng , Zhang Xiaomei
Published: December 2011

A set of novel Lewis base catalysts is prepared from readily available chiral sources and applied to catalytic asymmetric hydrosilylation.
ChemInform Abstract: New Preparation of (Z)‐1‐Phenyl‐3‐cyano‐2‐propen‐1‐ones.
Authors: Trabulsi Houssam , Rousseau Gerard
Published: December 2011

Reactions of γ‐phenyl‐β,γ‐unsaturated hydroxamates with Br(collidine)2PF6 result in the formation of cyclic bromoimidates [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Trifluoromethyl‐Substituted Di‐ and Terphenyls by Site‐Selective Suzuki—Miyaura Reactions of 1,4‐Dibromo‐2‐trifluoromethyl‐benzene.
Authors: Ullah Ihsan , Nawaz Muhammad , Villinger Alexander , Langer Peter
Published: December 2011

The Suzuki—Miyaura coupling of dibromobenzene (I) proceeds with high regioselectivity to allow the synthesis of various di‐ and terphenyls.
ChemInform Abstract: H3PW12O40 Supported on Silica‐Encapsulated γ‐Fe2O3 Nanoparticles: A Novel Magnetically‐Recoverable Catalyst for Three‐Component Mannich‐Type Reactions in Water.
Authors: Rafiee Ezzat , Eavani Sara
Published: December 2011

The separation of the catalyst is achieved by magnetism.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Domino Access to C2‐Chain Functionalized Furans from Tertiary Propargyl Vinyl Ethers.
Authors: Tejedor David , Cotos Leandro , Garcia‐Tellado Fernando
Published: December 2011

The title reaction provides a rapid access to trisubstituted furans of type (II) and (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Alkylation of Indoles and Amines by tert‐Enamides: Facile Access to Pharmaceutically Active 2‐Oxo‐1‐pyrrolidine Analogues.
Authors: Jiang Ran Jiang , Xu Hai‐Yan , Xu Xiao‐Ping , Chu Xue‐Qiang , Ji Shun‐Jun
Published: December 2011

The reaction which is conducted under‐solvent free conditions leads to Markovnikov addition products.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis and Antimycobacterial Evaluation of Novel 3‐Substituted‐N‐aryl‐6,7‐dimethoxy‐3a,4‐dihydro‐3H‐indeno [1,2‐c]pyrazole‐2‐carboxamide Analogues.
Authors: Ahsan Mohamed Jawed , Samy Jeyabalan Govinda , Dutt Kunduri Rajeswar , Agrawal Uttam K. , Yadav Bhawani Shankar , Vyas Swati , Kaur Ravinder , Yadav Garima
Published: December 2011

All the newly synthesized title compounds exhibit moderate to high inhibitory activities against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and INH resistant M.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Trienamine Catalysis for the Construction of Structurally Rigid Cyclic α,α‐Disubstituted Amino Acid Derivatives.
Authors: Jiang Hao , Gschwend Bjoern , Albrecht Lukasz , Hansen Signe Grann , Joergensen Karl Anker
Published: December 2011

In the presence of a secondary amine catalyst, 2,4‐dienals undergo highly regio‐ and stereoselective Diels—Alder reactions with olefinic azlactones.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Transformation of Cyano Oxiranes into Furo[3,2‐c]isothiazole Derivatives.
Authors: Bardasov Ivan N. , Golubev Roman V. , Ershov Oleg V. , Kayukov Yakov S. , Nasakin Oleg E.
Published: December 2011

Polyfunctionalized target compounds of pharmaceutical interest are easily available.
ChemInform Abstract: TFP as a Ligand in Au(I)‐Catalyzed Dihydropyran Synthesis. Unprecedented Rearrangement of Dihydropyrans into Cyclopentenones.
Authors: Matousova Eliska , Ruzicka Ales , Kunes Jiri , Kralova Jarmila , Pour Milan
Published: December 2011

The cyclization of the easily accessible compounds (I) to the dihydropyrans (III) which undergo an acid catalyzed unprecedented rearrangement to the compounds (IV)‐(VI) is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Domino Heck/C—H Activation/Intermolecular Direct Arylation Reactions.
Authors: Lu Zhiyao , Cui Yuxin , Jia Yanxing
Published: December 2011

The procedure provides a broad spectrum of bicyclic heterocyclic structures bearing additional heterocyclic substituents.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of Some New Series of 1,4‐Dihydropyridine Derivatives.
Authors: Kumar R. Surendra , Idhayadhulla A. , Abdul Nasser A. Jamal , Murali K.
Published: December 2011

Compounds (I) and (III) are shown to be active in preliminary anticancer screening tests.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of 2‐Substituted Hexahydroquinolin‐4‐ones Using a Pd‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Amination and Intramolecular Mannich Reaction: Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of 2‐epi‐cis‐195A.
Authors: Kakugawa Kazumi , Nemoto Tetsuhiro , Kohno Yuta , Hamada Yasumasa
Published: December 2011

The novel method starts with the asymmetric allylic amination of diester (I) using a Pd/DIAPHOX catalyst system and a diastereoselective intramolecular Mannich reaction of ketoester (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4‐Methylene‐4H‐benzo[d][1,3]thiazines via a Tandem Reaction of 1‐(2‐Alkynylphenyl)ketoximes with Lawesson′s Reagent.
Authors: Qiu Guanyinsheng , Hu Yi , Ding Qiuping , Peng Yiyuan , Hu Xiangzheng , Wu Jie
Published: December 2011

The title tandem reaction proceeds with high efficiency via Beckmann rearrangement, thioamide formation, and subsequent intramolecular cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple and Efficient Preparation of 3‐Substituted 6‐(4‐Chlorophenyl)‐9‐methyl‐12H‐[1]benzofuro[3,2‐e][1,2,4]triazolo [4,3,b][1,2]diazepines via a Silylation—Amination Reaction.
Authors: Eresko Alexander , Tolkunov Valerij , Tolkunov Sergej
Published: December 2011

Two methods are given for the synthesis of title compounds of type (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Glycals with Activated Alkenes.
Authors: Bai Yaguang , Zeng Jing , Cai Shuting , Liu Xue‐Wei
Published: December 2011

The procedure provides an efficient access to 2‐alkenylated glycals as exclusive (E) isomers and subunits of various pyran‐containing natural substances.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanochemistry of Sulfides: From Minerals to Nanocrystalline Semiconductors
Authors: Balaz P. , Dutkova E. , Ficeriova J. , Achimovicova M. , Pourghahramani P.
Published: December 2011

Review: 51 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Incommensurability and Fluctuating Charge Density Waves in Lanthanum Cuprates
Authors: Sherman A. , Schreiber M.
Published: December 2011

Review: 75 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Green Route to Nitrogen‐Containing Groups: The Acrylonitrile Cross‐Metathesis and Applications to Plant Oil Derivatives
Authors: Miao Xiaowei , Dixneuf Pierre H. , Fischmeister Cedric , Bruneau Christian
Published: December 2011

Review: 123 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Biomimetic Synthesis of Alkaloids Derived from Tryptophan: Dioxopiperazine Alkaloids
Authors: Welch Timothy R. , Williams Robert M.
Published: December 2011

Review: 45 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Biomimetic Rearrangements of Complex Terpenoids
Authors: Nay Bastien , Evanno Laurent
Published: December 2011

Review: 111 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Marine Natural Products
Authors: Zhang Wen , Guo Yue‐Wei
Published: December 2011

Review: 134 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Asymmetric Catalytic Mannich Reaction
Authors: Greco Sandro Jose , Lacerda, Valdemar Jr. , Bezerra dos Santos Reginaldo
Published: December 2011

Review: 137 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbocations
Authors: Aue Donald H.
Published: December 2011

Review: 103 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium‐Catalyzed Hydrogen Transfer Reactions
Authors: Saidi Ourida , Williams Jonathan M. J.
Published: December 2011

Review: 131 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalysis by Means of Complex Ferrates
Authors: Jegelka Markus , Plietker Bernd
Published: December 2011

Review: 139 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemistry and Biology of Trypanosomal trans‐Sialidases: Virulence Factors in Chagas Disease and Sleeping Sickness
Authors: Schauer Roland , Kamerling Johannis P.
Published: December 2011

Review: 181 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Review on Techniques to Enhance Electrochemical Remediation of Contaminated Soils
Authors: Yeung Albert T. , Gu Ying‐Ying
Published: December 2011

Review: 193 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Advanced in situ Spectroscopic Techniques and Their Applications in Environmental Biogeochemistry: Introduction to the Special Section
Authors: Lombi Enzo , Hettiarachchi Ganga M. , Scheckel Kirk G.
Published: December 2011

Review: 96 refs.
Phase 2 trial of “Sandwich” L‐asparaginase, vincristine, and prednisone chemotherapy with radiotherapy in newly diagnosed, stage IE to IIE, nasal type, extranodal natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Jiang Ming , Zhang Hong , Jiang Yu , Yang Qunpei , Xie Li , Liu Weiping , Zhang Wenyan , Ji Xiaohui , Li Ping , Chen Nianyong , Zhao Sha , Wang Feng , Zou Liqun
Published: December 2011

BACKGROUND:

Extranodal natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma (ENKTL), nasal‐type, is a distinct entity of lymphoid tissue. ENKTL is sensitive to radiotherapy (RT), but the prognosis is poorer than for other types of early lymphoma. The treatment schedule is controversial.

METHODS:

A phase 2 study was conducted of “sandwich” protocols, with earlier RT after an initial 2 to 3 cycles of LVP (L‐asparaginase, vincristine, and prednisone), followed by further “consolidation” cycles. Patients aged 18 years and older who had previously untreated ENKTL and localized lesions in the upper aerodigestive tract were enrolled. The primary endpoints were objective response rate and complete remission rate. The secondary endpoints were 2‐year overall survival, 2‐year progression‐free survival, and toxicity. This study is registered with www.Chictr.org, number ChicTR‐TNC‐00000394, and is ongoing for long‐term follow‐up.

RESULTS:

Twenty‐six patients completed total therapy, which resulted in 88.5% response that included 21 patients (80.8%) with complete response (CR) and 2 patients (7.7%) with partial response. Three (11.5%) of 26 patients progressed during therapy. With a median follow‐up of 27 months (range, 4‐35 months), the 2‐year overall survival was 88.5%, and the 2‐year progression‐free survival was 80.6%. Patients with CR had better prognosis than patients without CR. Only 2 patients (7.7%) experienced grade 3 leukocytopenia. No grade 4 toxicity or treatment‐related deaths were observed.

CONCLUSIONS:

The research showed that the “sandwich” protocol of LVP combined with RT was a safe and effective treatment for localized nasal natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma, and the results warrant further investigation into this protocol. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Kv7.5 is the primary Kv7 subunit expressed in C‐fibers
Authors: King Chih H. , Scherer Steven S.
Published: December 2011

Kv7 (KCNQ) potassium channel openers (enhancers) decrease neuropathic pain in experimental models. Here we show that C‐fibers, and their associated small‐diameter neurons in the dorsal root ganglia (both IB4‐ and TrkA‐positive), expressed Kv7.5. In contrast, C‐fibers did not express detectable levels of Kv7.2 or Kv7.3, which are instead localized to nodes of Ranvier and the cell bodies of large sensory neurons. These data suggest that Kv7.5 provides the primary M current in nociceptive neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:1940–1950, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Regularity of renormalized solutions in the Boltzmann equation with long‐range interactions
Authors: Arsénio Diogo , Masmoudi Nader
Published: December 2011

It is well‐established that renormalized solutions of the Boltzmann equation enjoy some kind of regularity, or at least compactness, in the velocity variable when the angular collision kernel is nonintegrable. However, obtaining explicit estimates in convenient and natural functional settings proves rather difficult. In this work, we derive a velocity smoothness estimate from the a priori control of the renormalized dissipation. As a direct consequence of our result, we show that, in the presence of long‐range interactions, any renormalized solution F(t, x, v) to the Boltzmann equation satisfies locally
${\textstyle{F \over {1 + F}}} \in W_{t,x,v}^{s,p}$
for every $1 \le p \le {\textstyle{D \over {D - 1}}}$
and for some s > 0 depending on p. We also provide an application of this new estimate to the hydrodynamic limit of the Boltzmann equation without cutoff. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sol‐gel synthesis of electrospun BaO/MnO nanocomposite fibers and their magnetic characterization
Authors: Vijayakumar G. Nixon Samuel , Rathnakumari M. , Sureshkumar P.
Published: December 2011

A new approach, combining in‐situ sol‐gel process with electrospinning, was used to prepare magnetic barium acetate/manganese acetate/poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composite nanofibers. The composite gel was synthesized by sol‐gel method in the presence of 10 wt.% PVA aqueous solution. PVA was used as stabilizer and polymeric matrix. The resultant barium acetate/manganese acetate/PVA composite nanofibers were calcined at 1023 K for 5 h. This formed BaO/MnO nanocomposite crystalline fibers with average diameter less than 100 nm and were characterized with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Energy Dispersive X‐ray Analysis (EDAX), powder X‐ray diffractometer (XRD), UV‐Vis‐Spectroscopy (UV) and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) respectively. These composite fibers exhibited a uniform cylindrical morphology, with the BaO/MnO nanoparticles implanted in the fibers. M‐H curves were obtained at 300 K and 20 K. From the M‐H curves, room temperature ferromagnetism was observed at 300 K. At low temperatures, the ferromagnetic behavior was masked by the paramagnetic behavior. The saturation magnetization at 300 K was found to be 0.004 emu /g and the saturation magnetization at 20 K was found to be 0.658 emu /g. The magnetization at 20 K was found to be very large and it was several times larger than at 300 K. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Three‐Dimensional Interdigitated Electrode Array as a Tool for Surface Reactions Registration
Authors: Bratov Andrey , Abramova Natalia , Marco M. Pilar , Sanchez‐Baeza Francisco
Published: December 2011

Possible applications of a new transducer based on a three dimensional interdigitated electrode array (3D‐IDEA) with electrode digits separated by an insulating barrier are discussed. Due to the presence of insulating barriers that separate the adjacent digits of the electrodes the main portion of the probing electrical current goes close to the surface of the barrier. Chemical modification of the barrier surface with the probe molecules permits to realise direct detection of subsequent target analytes in solution. The functional mechanism of the device is based on registration of changes in conductivity at the surface of the barrier provoked by electrical charge redistribution caused by surface chemical reactions. Three‐dimensional sensor shows considerable improvement in sensitivity compared with a standard planar IDEA design sensors. The potential of the developed device as a sensor transducer to detect various chemical and bio chemical reactions is demonstrated. Examples include enzyme immobilisation, polyelectrolytes layer‐by‐layer deposition, covalent chemical modification with molecules containing reactive thiol groups.
Recycling of tunnel spoil – laws affecting waste from mining and tunnelling / Wiederverwertung von Tunnelausbruchmaterial – Abfallrecht im Berg‐ und Tunnelbau
Authors: Entacher Martin , Resch Daniel , Reichel Paul , Galler Robert
Published: December 2011

Tunnel spoil material is categorised for the purpose of the laws regulating waste disposal as “excavated materials”, which represents the largest waste stream by quantity in Austria. The goal of avoiding waste has become more important with the implementation of the Waste Framework Directive 2008/98/EC at the end of 2010. Recycling of material excavated from tunnels is thus more than ever an important issue. This article explains the opportunities and hindrances posed by waste law in Austria and describes some possible future developments, potential synergies and offers a legal comparison with the primary raw materials industry. It appears that the legal framework is not completely satisfactory and there is also a need for further technical guidelines.

Tunnelausbruchmaterial gehört abfallrechtlich zur Kategorie des “Aushubmaterials”, welches den mengenmäßig größten Abfallstrom in Österreich darstellt. Das Ziel der Abfallvermeidung hat durch die Umsetzung der Abfallrahmenrichtlinie 2008/98/EG Ende 2010 weiter an Gewicht gewonnen, Wiederverwendung von Tunnelausbruchmaterial ist somit aktueller denn je. Der vorliegende Artikel beleuchtet die Chancen und Hindernisse, die das Abfallrecht in Österreich dafür bietet und zeigt mögliche zukünftige Entwicklungen auf. Dabei werden potenzielle Synergien und ein rechtlicher Vergleich mit der Primärrohstoffindustrie dargestellt. Es zeigt sich, dass die rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen noch nicht ganz zufriedenstellend sind und auch der Bedarf nach technischen Regelwerken besteht.
Nitrate attenuation in soil and shallow groundwater under a bottomland hedgerow in a European farming landscape
Authors: Grimaldi C. , Fossey M. , Thomas Z. , Fauvel Y. , Merot P.
Published: December 2011

In many agricultural areas, hedgerows give rise to strong expectations of reducing the inputs of excess nitrate to the groundwater and rivers. This study aims to analyse the spatial and seasonal influences of a hedgerow on nitrate dynamics in the soil and groundwater. Nitrate (NO3−) and chloride (Cl−) concentrations were measured with spatially dense sampling in the unsaturated soil and in the groundwater along a transect intersecting a bottomland oak (Quercus rubor) hedgerow after the growing season and during the dormant season. We explain NO3− dynamics by using Cl− as an index of tree‐root extension and water transfer. At the end of the growing season, NO3− is entirely absorbed by the trees over a large and deep volume corresponding to the rooting zone, where, in contrast Cl− is highly concentrated due to root exclusion. However, these observed patterns in the soil have no influence on the deep groundwater composition at this season. During the dormant season, water transfer processes feeding the shallow groundwater layer are different upslope and downslope from the hedgerow in relation to the thickness of the unsaturated zone. Upslope, the shallow groundwater is fed by rainwater infiltration through the soil which favours Cl− dilution. Right under the hedge and downslope, the rapid ascent of the groundwater near the ground surface prevents rainwater input and Cl− dilution. Under the hedgerow the highest concentrations of Cl− coincide with the absence of NO3− in the shallow groundwater layer and with high concentrations of dissolved organic carbon. The absence of NO3− during the dormant season seems to be due to denitrification in the hedgerow rooting zone when it is rapidly saturated by groundwater. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vitamins, minerals, essential fatty acids and colorectal cancer risk in the United Kingdom Dietary Cohort Consortium
Authors: Key Timothy J. , Appleby Paul N. , Masset Gabriel , Brunner Eric J. , Cade Janet E. , Greenwood Darren C. , Stephen Alison M. , Kuh Diana , Bhaniani Amit , Powell Natasha , Khaw Kay‐Tee
Published: December 2011

The risk for colorectal cancer may be influenced by the dietary intake of various vitamins, minerals and essential fatty acids. We conducted a pooled analysis of dietary data collected using food diaries in seven prospective studies in the United Kingdom Dietary Cohort Consortium. Five hundred sixty‐five cases of colorectal cancer were matched with 1,951 controls on study centre, age, sex and recruitment date. Dietary intakes of retinol, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, vitamin D, calcium, iron, magnesium, potassium, n − 6 fatty acids, n − 3 fatty acids and the ratio of n − 6 to n − 3 fatty acids were estimated and their associations with colorectal cancer examined using conditional logistic regression models, adjusting for exact age, height, weight, energy intake, alcohol intake, fiber intake, smoking, education, social class and physical activity. There were no statistically significant associations between colorectal cancer risk and dietary intake of any of the vitamins, minerals or essential fatty acids examined.
INTEGRATED IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE PRACTICES TO ENHANCE WATER PRODUCTIVITY AND REDUCE POLLUTION IN A RICE PRODUCTION SYSTEM
Authors: Peng Shizhang , Luo Yufeng , Xu Junzeng , Khan Shahbaz , Jiao Xiyun , Wang Weiguang
Published: December 2011

Water‐saving irrigation and controlled drainage have been separately practised in many countries to increase water use efficiency and reduce non‐point source pollution while maintaining crop yields. In a two‐year field experiment in the Gaoyou Irrigation District of South China, water use, crop yield, and pollution loads were monitored in an integrated water‐saving irrigation and controlled drainage (WSI‐CD) system and an unregulated system. For both 2007 and 2008, irrigation water productivity (WPI) and gross water productivity (WPG) of the WSI‐CD were 45.3 and 31.6% higher than those of the unregulated system. While evapotranspiration water productivity (WPET) of the WSI‐CD was similar to or even less than that of the unregulated system, this indicated that a reduction in irrigation water did not cause water stress and the WSI‐CD only reduced non‐productive water use. In 2008, the amount of drainage water from WSI‐CD (1956 m3 ha‐1) was far less than the unregulated system (4255 m3 ha‐1), and TN and TP loads were significantly reduced by 50.9 and 52.3%.The water‐saving irrigation practice contributed to lower drainage potential, while the controlled drainage reduced irrigation requirements. The integrated WSI‐CD practices seemed to have the desirable functions of water saving and pollutant reduction. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.